bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial and Other Biomedical Properties of Extracts from Plantago major, Plantaginaceae
Authors: Zhakipbekov Kairat , Turgumbayeva Aknur , Issayeva Raushan , Kipchakbayeva Aliya , Kadyrbayeva Gulnara , Tleubayeva Meruyert , Akhayeva Tamila , Tastambek Kuanysh , Sainova Gaukhar , Serikbayeva Elmira , Tolenova Karakoz , Makhatova Balzhan , Anarbayeva Rabiga , Shimirova Zhanar , Tileuberdi Yerbol
Published: August 2023

Since ancient times, many scientists and doctors have used various herbs to treat diseases. Conventional drugs often have side effects, and pathogens are becoming resistant to these types of drugs. In such circumstances, the study of traditional medicinal plants is an effective and logical strategy for finding new herbal medicines. One such herb is Plantago major, a perennial plant in the Plantaginaceae family that is found throughout the world. The Plantago major plant has been used as a medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Studies have shown that plant extracts of Plantago major exhibit antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects, and have wound-healing properties. This review collects and presents the results of various studies of Plantago major plant extracts with antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties, which demonstrate a wide range of therapeutic possibilities of Plantago major plant extracts and have a huge potential for use as a medicinal raw material.
Associations between Nutrigenomic Effects and Incidences of Microbial Resistance against Novel Antibiotics
Authors: Raslan Mohamed A. , Raslan Sara A. , Shehata Eslam M. , Mahmoud Amr S. , Lundstrom Kenneth , Barh Debmalya , Azevedo Vasco , Sabri Nagwa A.
Published: August 2023

Nutrigenomics is the study of the impact of diets or nutrients on gene expression and phenotypes using high-throughput technologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc. The bioactive components of diets and nutrients, as an environmental factor, transmit information through altered gene expression and hence the overall function and traits of the organism. Dietary components and nutrients not only serve as a source of energy but also, through their interactions with genes, regulate gut microbiome composition, the production of metabolites, various biological processes, and finally, health and disease. Antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic and probiotic microorganisms has emerged as a major public health concern due to the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in various food products. Recent evidence suggests a correlation between the regulation of genes and two-component and other signaling systems that drive antibiotic resistance in response to diets and nutrients. Therefore, diets and nutrients may be alternatively used to overcome antibiotic resistance against novel antibiotics. However, little progress has been made in this direction. In this review, we discuss the possible implementations of nutrigenomics in antibiotic resistance against novel antibiotics.
Anti-Alzheimer Activity of Combinations of Cocoa with Vinpocetine or Other Nutraceuticals in Rat Model: Modulation of Wnt3/β-Catenin/GSK-3β/Nrf2/HO-1 and PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2 Pathways
Authors: Abu-Elfotuh Karema , Tolba Amina M. A. , Hussein Furqan H. , Hamdan Ahmed M. E. , Rabeh Mohamed A. , Alshahri Saad A. , Ali Azza A. , Mosaad Sarah M. , Mahmoud Nihal A. , Elsaeed Magdy Y. , Abdelglil Ranya M. , El-Awady Rehab R. , Galal Eman Reda M. , Kamal Mona M. , Elsisi Ahmed M. M. , Darwish Alshaymaa , Gowifel Ayah M. H. , Mahran Yasmen F.
Published: August 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating illness with limited therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study is to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD and explore the potential neuroprotective effects of cocoa, either alone or in combination with other nutraceuticals, in an animal model of aluminum-induced AD. Rats were divided into nine groups: control, aluminum chloride (AlCl3) alone, AlCl3 with cocoa alone, AlCl3 with vinpocetine (VIN), AlCl3 with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), AlCl3 with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), AlCl3 with wheatgrass (WG), AlCl3 with vitamin (Vit) B complex, and AlCl3 with a combination of Vit C, Vit E, and selenium (Se). The animals were treated for five weeks, and we assessed behavioral, histopathological, and biochemical changes, focusing on oxidative stress, inflammation, Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling, ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis. AlCl3 administration induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and downregulation of cellular antioxidants (Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, and TAC). AlCl3 also upregulated inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α and IL-1β) and GSK-3β, leading to increased tau phosphorylation, decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, and downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Furthermore, AlCl3 intensified C/EBP, p-PERK, GRP-78, and CHOP, indicating sustained ER stress, and decreased Beclin-1 and anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expressions. These alterations contributed to the observed behavioral and histological changes in the AlCl3-induced AD model. Administration of cocoa, either alone or in combination with other nutraceuticals, particularly VIN or EGCG, demonstrated remarkable amelioration of all assessed parameters. The combination of cocoa with nutraceuticals attenuated the AD-mediated deterioration by modulating interrelated pathophysiological pathways, including inflammation, antioxidant responses, GSK-3β-Wnt/β-catenin signaling, ER stress, and apoptosis. These findings provide insights into the intricate pathogenesis of AD and highlight the neuroprotective effects of nutraceuticals through multiple signaling pathways.
Plasma Modification Techniques for Natural Polymer-Based Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Bhatt Pankaj , Kumar Vipin , Subramaniyan Vetriselvan , Nagarajan Kandasamy , Sekar Mahendran , Chinni Suresh V. , Ramachawolran Gobinath
Published: August 2023

Natural polymers have attracted significant attention in drug delivery applications due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatility. However, their surface properties often limit their use as drug delivery vehicles, as they may exhibit poor wettability, weak adhesion, and inadequate drug loading and release. Plasma treatment is a promising surface modification technique that can overcome these limitations by introducing various functional groups onto the natural polymer surface, thus enhancing its physicochemical and biological properties. This review provides a critical overview of recent advances in the plasma modification of natural polymer-based drug delivery systems, with a focus on controllable plasma treatment techniques. The review covers the fundamental principles of plasma generation, process control, and characterization of plasma-treated natural polymer surfaces. It discusses the various applications of plasma-modified natural polymer-based drug delivery systems, including improved biocompatibility, controlled drug release, and targeted drug delivery. The challenges and emerging trends in the field of plasma modification of natural polymer-based drug delivery systems are also highlighted. The review concludes with a discussion of the potential of controllable plasma treatment as a versatile and effective tool for the surface functionalization of natural polymer-based drug delivery systems.
Exact Solution for Cladding Modes in Twisted Optical Fibers
Authors: Ivanov Oleg V.
Published: August 2023

Exact equations are obtained to describe the propagation of the cladding modes in twisted optical fibers. Numerical solutions of these equations are found, which demonstrate that the paraxial approximation is not accurate for the cladding modes. Propagation constants and field distributions for the eigen circularly polarized modes are calculated for the coreless and standard fibers under twist. The cladding modes are affected by twisting much stronger than the core mode, and their field profiles are distorted. The exact modes have a mismatch between the radial and azimuthal components of the fields and cannot be combined to form the LP modes. Twisting may result in a change of sensitivity of the fiber to the external medium, which can be important for sensing applications.
Effect of Different Soil Treatments on Production and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils Extracted from Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Origanum vulgare L. and Thymus vulgaris L.
Authors: Raffo Antonio , Sapienza Filippo Umberto , Astolfi Roberta , Lombardi Gabriele , Fraschetti Caterina , Božović Mijat , Artini Marco , Papa Rosanna , Trecca Marika , Fiorentino Simona , Vecchiarelli Valerio , Papalini Claudia , Selan Laura , Ragno Rino
Published: August 2023

The aim of the study was to investigate how essential oil production and associated chemical composition and related biological activity could be influenced by different cultivation treatments and distillation methods. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel), Origanum vulgare L. (oregano) and Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) were cultivated in absence of any fertilizer (control) and in presence of three different fertilizers: a chemical one with augmented mineral phosphorus and potassium, a second added with hydrolyzed organic substance and mineral phosphorus and potassium (organic–mineral) and a third one treated with a high content of organic nitrogen of protein origin (organic). The plants were subjected to steam distillation using two modalities, recycled and continuous, to obtain 32 essential oil samples. Chemical composition analysis was performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; in vitro antimicrobial activity was evaluated using a broth microdilution method. In general, the recycled distillation method appeared to have a slightly higher yield than the continuous method. The “mineral” and “organic–mineral” treatments resulted in a higher yield compared to the “organic” or “control” treatments, and this was particularly evident in the recycled method. The “control” plants had a lower yield of essential oils. Anethole (13.9–59.5%) and estragole (13.4–52.2%) were the main constituents of the fennel oils; p-cymene and its derivatives carvacrol and thymol were the main constituents of the oregano and thyme samples. The antimicrobial activity of the thyme oils on Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 0.31 to 0.16% (v/v); a lower effect of the oregano samples and no activity of the fennel samples were observed. The essential oils failed to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.
Effects of Foliar-Applied Mixed Mineral Fertilizers and Organic Biostimulants on the Growth and Hybrid Seed Production of a Male-Sterile Inbred Maize Line
Authors: Boscaro Riccardo , Panozzo Anna , Piotto Simone , Moore Selina Sterup , Barion Giuseppe , Wang Yu , Vamerali Teofilo
Published: August 2023

Plants of inbred maize lines are characterized by low vigor due to their high rates of homozygosity and may, therefore, benefit from additional nutrients and biostimulants supplied via foliar spraying. The present study innovatively investigated the effects of foliar treatment with three commercial organic-mineral fertilizers/biostimulants on a male-sterile inbred line of maize at the five-leaf stage. The three fertilizers were characterized by their following content: (i) NPK + hydrolyzed animal epithelium + micronutrients (named ‘NPK + Hae + micro’), (ii) NK + humified peat (named ‘NK + Hp’), and (iii) PK + Ascophyllum nodosum extracts (named ‘PK + An’). The resulting shoot and root growth and seed yield and quality were compared to a control (C). Both NPK + Hae + micro and PK + An treatments enhanced root growth in the top 20 cm soil layer at the ten-leaf stage: root dry biomass increased by 80 and 24%, respectively, and the volumetric root length density by 61 and 17%. The two treatments also allowed for a larger number of commercial seeds to be produced (on average +16 bags per gross hectare vs. C) owing to a better seed caliber, which consequently reduced rates of seed disposal (−11 and −20% for PK + An and NPK + Hae + micro, respectively) and, in the case of NPK + Hae + micro, due to an increment in the number of kernels per ear (+5% vs. C). These effects were not associated with any significant changes in shoot growth, height, or leaf net CO2 assimilation. In this preliminary trial, peak commercial benefit was obtained with the use of hydrolyzed epithelium together with macro- and micronutrients. Further investigation into application timing and dose, and the means by which these products alleviate the effects of low vigor and stress conditions observed particularly under mechanical emasculation is, however, necessary for their full exploitation in the production of hybrid maize seeds.
Electron Beam-Induced Compatibilization of PLA/PBAT Blends in Presence of Epoxidized Soybean Oil
Authors: Marbach Lena , Mörbitz Philip
Published: August 2023

Blending of polymers can enhance performance of plastics and can give the opportunity to broaden the application fields. Especially the brittleness of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an issue, that is often addressed by blending it with soft polymers like poly(butylene adipate terephthalate) (PBAT). The immiscibility of those two polymers leads to limited properties of the blend. This study aimed to examine the application of electron-beam treatment with the implementation of a compatibilizing agent. PLA and PBAT were compounded with the addition of epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) in different ratios and extruded into flat films. These were treated with electron beams at irradiation doses ranging from 12.5 to 100 kGy. The films thus produced were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, size exclusion chromatography, scanning electron microscopy and tensile testing. A significant change in the glass transition temperatures of the blend partners was observed, as well as a substantial increase in elongation at break, even in PLA-rich compositions. These findings indicate improved compatibilization. Furthermore, the use of epoxidized soybean oil showed a changed extraction behavior of PBAT, indicating a formed binding to PLA. The results show that electron-beam treatment can significantly improve the compatibility between different polymers in blends, leading to enhanced mechanical and thermal properties.
Multidimensional Separation by Magnetic Seeded Filtration: Experimental Studies
Authors: Rhein Frank , Zhai Ouwen , Schmid Eric , Nirschl Hermann
Published: August 2023

The current state of separation technology often neglects the multidimensional nature of real particle systems, which are distributed not only in terms of size, but also in terms of other properties, such as surface charge. Therefore, the aim of this study is to experimentally investigate the applicability of magnetic seeded filtration as a multidimensional separation process. Magnetic seed particles are added to a multisubstance suspension, and a selective heteroagglomeration with the nonmagnetic target particles is induced, allowing for an easy subsequent magnetic separation. The results show that high separation efficiencies can be achieved and that the parameters pH and ionic strength govern the agglomeration process. Selective separation based on surface charge was observed, but undesirable heteroagglomeration processes between the target particles lead to a loss of selectivity. Particle size was clearly identified as a second relevant separation feature, and its partially opposite influence on collision frequency and collision efficiency was discussed. Finally, experimental data of multidimensional separation are presented, in which a size-distributed two-substance suspension is separated into defined size and material fractions in a single process step. This study highlights the need for multidimensional evaluation in general and the potential of magnetic seeded filtration as a promising separation technique.
A Cloud-Edge Computing Method for Integrated Electricity-Gas System Dispatch
Authors: Li Xueping , Wang Ziyang
Published: August 2023

An integrated electric–gas system (IEGS) is the manifestation and development direction of a modern smart power system. This paper employs the cloud-edge computing method to research IEGS’s optimal dispatch to satisfy data protection requirements between power systems and natural gas systems and reduce data transmission pressure. Based on cloud-edge computing architecture, this paper constructs a cloud-edge computing method based on the Multi-agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG) algorithm to solve optimal dispatch problems. Then, this paper proposes an IEGS dispatch strategy based on cloud-edge computing, which conducts distributed computing independently at the edge of power and natural gas, and the cloud implements global dispatch based on boundary information and edge learning parameters. This method does not require the exchange of all information between the power system and natural gas system, effectively protecting data privacy. This paper takes the improved IEGS of the IEEE 9 node and Gas 8 node as an example to analyze. The equipment output of this dispatch method is within a reasonable range, and the cost is reduced by 0.21% to 1.03% compared with other methods, which verifies the effectiveness of the cloud-edge computing method in solving dispatch problems.
Breaking New Ground: Exploring the Promising Role of Solid-State Fermentation in Harnessing Natural Biostimulants for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Solano Porras Roberto Carlos , Artola Adriana , Barrena Raquel , Ghoreishi Golafarin , Ballardo Matos Cindy , Sánchez Antoni
Published: August 2023

Agriculture has been experiencing a difficult situation because of limiting factors in its production processes. Natural biostimulants (NBs) have emerged as a novel alternative. This study reviews NBs produced through solid-state fermentation (SSF) from organic waste, focusing on processes and production methods. The aim is to highlight their potential for improving agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable agriculture. Through a literature review, the effects of NBs on crops were summarized, along with the challenges associated with their production and application. The importance of standardizing production processes, optimizing fermentation conditions, and assessing their effects on different crops is emphasized. Furthermore, future research areas are introduced, such as enhancing production efficiency and evaluating the effectiveness of SSF-produced NBs in different agricultural systems. In conclusion, SSF-produced NBs offer a promising alternative for sustainable agriculture, but further research and development are needed to maximize their efficacy and to enable large-scale implementation.
Effect of Atmospheric Cold Plasma on the Aroma of Pineapple Juice: Improving Fresh and Fruity Notes and Reducing Undesired Pungent and Sulfurous Aromas
Authors: Porto Elaine C. M. , de Brito Edy S. , Rodrigues Sueli , Fernandes Fabiano A. N.
Published: August 2023

Pineapple aroma is characterized by several esters, which confers its fresh and fruity aroma. However, high concentrations of methyl hexanoate and thioesters bring an undesired pungently sweet aroma and sulfurous notes to pineapple juice. This study investigates the chemical effects of cold plasma on the aroma compounds and descriptors of pineapple juice, evaluating the effects of plasma on its esters and thioesters. Dielectric barrier discharge plasma was applied to pineapple juice, varying the excitation frequency (50 to 1000 Hz) and processing time (10 to 20 min) at constant voltage (20 kV). Plasma treatment induced successive demethylation of esters and the conversion of methyl esters into ethyl esters. Thioesters showed to be more stable under plasma treatment. Proper setting of plasma operating conditions enabled an improvement in the fresh and fruity descriptors of pineapple juice, a reduction of its undesired pungently sweet aroma, but an increase in the influence of sulfurous descriptors. Plasma treatment at 50 Hz reduced the undesired aromas of pineapple while maintaining its fresh and fruity descriptors.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Flow Characteristics Induced by a Cubic Artificial Reef with Diversions
Authors: Mao Haiying , Wang Ziyi , Hu Cong , Wang Kairui
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the flow characteristics induced by a cubic artificial reef with diversions (DCAR) were investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results showed that the design of a DCAR can greatly improve the flow field range compared to typical cubic artificial reefs. The upwelling volume of the DCAR was more than 16 times that of a typical cubic artificial reef. The flow field effect produced the best results when the cut-opening ratio (COR) was 0.1–0.2 with constant flow. The parameters of the upwelling and back vortex increased with an increase in the flow velocity, and it decreased with an increase in the COR. The drag coefficient was less affected by the flow velocity, which remained between 1.32 and 1.44. The new type of artificial reef can improve the flow characteristics around the reefs.
Pyridazinic Bioisosteres with Potential Applications in Medicinal Chemistry and Agriculture
Authors: Tucaliuc Roxana Angela , Mangalagiu Violeta , Mangalagiu Ionel I.
Published: August 2023

Bioisosteres are substituents or groups (atoms, ions, or molecules) with similar chemical or physical properties, and which usually have similar biological properties. Pyridazine and its derivatives are invaluable scaffolds in medicinal chemistry, having a large variety of activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer, antituberculosis, antihypertensive, etc. Also, the pyridazine core is of high interest in agriculture, being used as a growth factor for plants, herbicides, etc. This study aims to review our previous contributions related to antimicrobials and the germination and seedling capabilities of some seeds and plants of some pyridazine classical and nonclassical bioisosteres. So, we present herein the synthesis (under conventional thermal heating and microwave irradiation) and spectral characterization of seven series of pyridazine bioisosteres, the in vitro antimicrobial activity (against different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi), and the biologic effect on wheat germination and seedling growth. Some pyridazine bioisosteres proved to have very good activity against pathogenic bacterial strains, with some spectacular results. Overall, nonclassical bioisosteres prove to have better antibacterial and antifungal activity compared with classical bioisosteres. The pyridazine bioisosteres may influence the wheat germination rate, seedling growth, height, and weight of the plantlets. Feasible explanations for this behaviour were furnished.
Plasma-Arc-Flow Technology for Sustainable Treatment of High-Impact Fluid Waste: A Graphene-Based Material for Industrial-Wastewater Purification
Authors: Mongiello Carmine , Ghoreishi Mohammad , Sharma Vinod Kumar , Verdoliva Liberato , Aprea Sabato , Venturini Paolo , Pesce Gianluca
Published: August 2023

The research presented aimed to address the treatment of fluid waste with significant environmental impact by utilizing plasma technology, specifically plasma arc flow (PAF). The goal was to develop a novel purification material based on graphene for industrial applications and to optimize the treatment process. Analysis and monitoring of a submerged arc plasma reactor were the main goals of this research. This entailed a careful examination of the incoming wastewater that needed to be treated with the goal of identifying its precise composition characteristics with the relative tolerances needed for the reactions that were to follow in the reactor. The focus of the analysis was on input-parameter optimization, production of characteristic curves, and analysis of the factors affecting hydrogen evolution in syngas. Additionally, the study investigated how to determine the best viscosity for a particular input matrix by carrying out an evaluation study. The effects of this parameter were thought to be reduced by preheating the incoming wastewater through heat recovery. The long-term objective of the research is to create filters that can purify the water used and produced in gasification processes as well as to characterize the fixed reside from the gasifier for potential conversion into graphene-based material. In addition, this work acknowledges that additional experiments are required to validate its purifying capacity on wastewater produced by various industrial processes. Moreover, the inclusion of plans to model the evolution of hydrogen in PAF using the CHEMCAD software® and defining guidelines for optimizing parameters for enhanced energy efficiency showcased the research’s ambition to expand and refine its scope. Finding the best plant solutions that can significantly reduce electricity consumption is the ultimate goal. In summary, the study demonstrated significant advancement in the analysis and optimization of fluid-waste treatment with high environmental impact through the use of plasma technology, specifically PAF. A thorough and forward-looking approach was demonstrated by the use of modeling software, experimental studies, and plans for future research. The potential creation of graphene-based filters and the use of the fixed residue as a useful material further highlight the innovativeness of this research.
Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) in an Intermittent Process as an Alternative for Obtaining Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis) Leaf Hydroalcoholic Extract (Tincture)
Authors: da Cunha Rodrigues Larissa , Bodini Renata Barbosa , Caneppele Fernando de Lima , Dacanal Gustavo César , Crevelin Eduardo José , de Moraes Luiz Alberto Beraldo , de Oliveira Alessandra Lopes
Published: August 2023

Tinctures are medicinal plant extracts obtained by extraction with a hydroalcoholic solution (70%) by percolation (PER). This process takes about 26 h to prepare, in addition to using a large amount of solvent. In our research, passion fruit leaf tinctures were obtained using extract with the same pressurized hydroalcoholic solution as in an intermittent process. The objective was to demonstrate that this emerging technology can be economical and profitable. An optimization using Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) was performed to evaluate the influence of process variables on the yields and compositions of the extracts. The temperature (T) was the factor that most influenced the responses. Extraction with pressurized liquid (PLE) provided total yields and total phenolic and flavonoid contents in greater amounts than PER. The optimized conditions of the process variables studied in the CCRD for the highest content of total phenolics (43.2 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (58.8 mg QE/g) were at 100 °C with a rinse volume of 120% of the divided extractor volume in four cycles of the intermittent process. When adjusting the PLE in an intermittent process, and according to the one-dimensional mass transfer by the continuous diffusion of the Fick model, the effective diffusion coefficient (1.28 × 10−12 m2/s) was not affected by T. The kinetic curve of PLE extraction indicates that the adjusted intermittent process occurred in the period of the constant extraction rate when compared to the kinetics of the semi-continuous process. The yielded extracts were rich in isovitexin, and the highest levels were identified in the extracts obtained via PLE, indicating that this intermittent process can bring a product to market with the same quality but with a much shorter production time and the use of fewer solvents. Antioxidant activity, determined by DPPH, FRAP and ORAC, was also higher in extracts obtained via PLE.
Study on Mechanism of MSWI Fly Ash Solidified by Multiple Solid Waste-Based Cementitious Material Using the Rietveld Method
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Fu Pingfeng , Deng Wei , Shi JinJin , Xu Miao
Published: August 2023

A novel multiple solid waste-based cementitious material (MSWCM) was developed to immobilize municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. The compressive strength of MSWCM with different ratios of MSWI fly ash reached the standard requirements after curing for 28 days. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) in combination with the Rietveld method was employed to investigate the content and phase transformation of hydration products. The main hydration products of pure MSWCM paste were C-S-H, hydroxyapatite, ettringite and C-A-S-H. With increases in curing time, the content of ettringite and C-A-S-H increased significantly. The main hydration products of MSWCM paste with MSWI fly ash were C-S-H and Friedel’s salt. The contents increased markedly with increased curing time from 21.8% to 28.0% and from 8.53% to 16.7%, respectively. Additionally, a small amount of PbHPO4 (0.51–0.96%) and lead phosphate Pb3(PO4)2 (0.14–0.51%) were detected, indicating that phosphate had an effective curing effect on lead ions. The results showed that most of the hydration reactions had started at the initial stage of curing and reacted quickly to form a large number of hydration products. The quantitative analyses of hydration products provide essential information for understanding the immobilization mechanism of MSWI fly ash in MSWCM paste.
Assessment of Aerodynamic Plates Subjected to Von Kármán Vortex Street for Enhancing the Wind Energy Generation in Blade-Less Devices
Authors: Zuluaga John , Ricardo Santiago , Oostra Andrés , Materano Gilberto , Spanelis Apostolos
Published: August 2023

This study explores the feasibility of using an oscillating plate downstream of a cylindrical body to produce mechanical energy from a Von Kármán vortex street under sub-critical flow conditions (Re = 72,500). The study aims to quantify the impact of the plate length, its separation from the cylinder, and a machine damping factor on the power coefficient and the blade’s displacement to identify the optimal configuration. This preliminary assessment assumes that the plate oscillation is small enough to avoid changes in the vortex dynamics. This assumption allows the construction of a surrogate model using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the effect of plate length and separation from the cylinder on the fluctuating lift forces over the plate. Later, the surrogate model, combined with varying machine damping factors, facilitates the description of the device’s dynamics through the numerical integration of an angular momentum equation. The results showed that a plate with a length of 0.52D, a separation of 5.548D from the cylinder, and a damping factor of 0.013 achieved a power coefficient of 0.147 and a perpendicular displacement of 0.226D. These results demonstrate a substantial improvement in the performance of blade-less generators.
Telepresence in the Recent Literature with a Focus on Robotic Platforms, Applications and Challenges
Authors: Youssef Karim , Said Sherif , Al Kork Samer , Beyrouthy Taha
Published: August 2023

Three decades ago, telepresence was presented as an idea in the context of remote work and manipulation. Since then, it has evolved into a field combining different technologies and allowing users to have more or less realistic perceptions of immersion in remote environments. This paper reviews telepresence and its recent advances. While not covering all the work conducted in telepresence, this paper provides an array of applications for which telepresence can be envisioned, providing a clear view of the differences between components and functionalities of robotic platforms conceived for telepresence and pointing to the dependence of telepresence on several technological areas. Furthermore, challenges faced by telepresence technologies are shown, with consideration of user experiences. We consider telepresence from different perspectives, focusing on specific parts, making it possible to foresee future directions of research and applications. This review will be useful for researchers working in telepresence and related fields.
A Systematic Approach for Inertial Sensor Calibration of Gravity Recovery Satellites and Its Application to Taiji-1 Mission
Authors: Zhang Haoyue , Xu Peng , Ye Zongqi , Ye Dong , Qiang Li-E , Luo Ziren , Qi Keqi , Wang Shaoxin , Cai Zhiming , Wang Zuolei , Lei Jungang , Wu Yueliang
Published: August 2023

High-precision inertial sensors or accelerometers can provide references for free-falling motion in gravitational fields in space. They serve as the key payloads for gravity recovery missions such as CHAMP, the GRACE-type missions, and the planned Next-Generation Gravity Missions. In this work, a systematic method for electrostatic inertial sensor calibration of gravity recovery satellites is suggested, which is applied to and verified with the Taiji-1 mission. With this method, the complete operating parameters including the scale factors, the center of mass offset vector, and the intrinsic biased acceleration can be precisely calibrated with only two sets of short-term in-orbit experiments. This could reduce the gaps in data that are caused by necessary in-orbit calibrations during the lifetime of related missions. Taiji-1 is the first technology-demonstration satellite of the “Taiji Program in Space”, which, in its final extended phase in 2022, could be viewed as operating in the mode of a high–low satellite-to-satellite tracking gravity mission. Based on the principles of calibration, swing maneuvers with time spans of approximately 200 s and rolling maneuvers for 19 days were conducted by Taiji-1 in 2022. Given the data of the actuation voltages of the inertial sensor, satellite attitude variations, precision orbit determinations, the inertial sensor’s operating parameters are precisely re-calibrated with Kalman filters and are relayed to the Taiji-1 science team. The relative errors of the calibrations are <1% for the linear scale factors, <3% for center of mass, and <0.1% for biased accelerations. Data from one of the sensitive axes are re-processed with the updated operating parameters, and the resulting performance is found to be slightly improved over the former results. This approach could be of high reference value for the accelerometer or inertial sensor calibrations of the GFO, the Chinese GRACE-type mission, and the Next-Generation Gravity Missions. This could also create some insight into the in-orbit calibrations of the ultra-precision inertial sensors for future GW space antennas because of the technological inheritance between these two generations of inertial sensors.
APO-ELM Model for Improving Azimuth Correction of Shipborne HFSWR
Authors: Wang Yaning , Yu Haibo , Zhang Ling , Li Gangsheng
Published: August 2023

Shipborne high-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) has a wide range of applications and plays an important role in moving target detection and tracking. However, the complexity of the sea detection environment causes the target signals received by shipborne HFSWR to be seriously disturbed by sea clutter. Sea clutter increases the difficulty of azimuth estimation, resulting in a challenging problem for shipborne HFSWR. To solve this problem, a novel azimuth correction method based on adaptive boosting error feedback dynamic weighted particle swarm optimization extreme learning machine (APO-ELM) is proposed to improve the azimuth estimation accuracy of shipborne HFSWR. First, the sea clutter is modeled and simulated. Then, we study its characteristics and analyze the influence of its characteristics on the first-order clutter spectrum and target detection accuracy, respectively. In addition, the proposed improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) and adaptive neuron clipping algorithm are used to optimize the input parameters of the ELM network. Then, the network performs error feedback based on the optimized parameter performance and updates the feature matrix, which can give a minimum clutter-error estimation. After that, it iteratively trains multiple weak learners using the adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) algorithm to form a strong learner and make strong predictions. Finally, after error compensation, the best azimuth estimation results are obtained. The sample sets used for the APO-ELM network are obtained from field shipborne HFSWR data. The network training and testing features include the wind direction, sea current, wind speed, platform speed, and signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR). The experimental results show that this method has a lower root-mean-square error than the back-propagation neural network and support vector regression (SVR) azimuth correction methods, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Can Sea Surface Waves Be Simulated by Numerical Wave Models Using the Fusion Data from Remote-Sensed Winds?
Authors: Shi Jian , Shao Weizeng , Shi Shaohua , Hu Yuyi , Jiang Tao , Zhang Youguang
Published: August 2023

The purpose of our work is to investigate the performance of fusion wind from multiple remote-sensed data in forcing numeric wave models, and the experiment is described herein. In this study, 0.125° gridded wind fields at 12 h intervals were fused by using swath products from an advanced scatterometer (ASCAT) (a Haiyang-2B (HY-2B) scatterometer) and a spaceborne polarimetric microwave radiometer (WindSAT) during the period November 2019 to October 2020. The daily average wind speeds were compared with observations from National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoys from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), yielding a 1.66 m/s root mean squared error (RMSE) with a 0.81 correlation (COR). This suggests that fusion wind was reliable for our work. The fusion winds were used for hindcasting sea surface waves by using two third-generation numeric wave models, denoted as WAVEWATCH-III (WW3) and Simulation Wave Nearshore (SWAN). The WW3-simulated waves in the North Pacific Ocean and the SWAN-simulated waves in the Gulf of Mexico were validated against the measurements from the NDBC buoys and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA-5) for the period June−September 2020. The analysis of significant wave heights (SWHs) up to 9 m yielded a < 0.5 m RMSE with a > 0.8 COR for the WW3 and SWAN models. Therefore, it was believed that the accuracy of the simulation using the two numeric models was comparable with that forced by a numeric atmospheric model. An error analysis was systematically conducted by comparing the modeled WW3-simulated SWHs with the monthly average products from the HY-2B and a Jason-3 altimeter over global seas. The seasonal analysis showed that the differences in the SWHs (i.e., altimeter minus the WW3) were within ±1.5 m in March and June; however, the difference was quite significant in December. It was concluded that remote-sensed fusion wind can serve as a driving force for hindcasting waves using numeric wave models.
Wavelet Analysis of GPR Data for Belowground Mass Assessment of Sorghum Hybrid for Soil Carbon Sequestration
Authors: Wolfe Matthew , Dobreva Iliyana D. , Ruiz-Guzman Henry A. , Huo Da , Teare Brody L. , Adams Tyler , Everett Mark E. , Bishop Michael , Jessup Russell , Hays Dirk B.
Published: August 2023

Among many agricultural practices proposed to cut carbon emissions in the next 30 years is the deposition of carbon in soils as plant matter. Adding rooting traits as part of a sequestration strategy would result in significantly increased carbon sequestration. Integrating these traits into production agriculture requires a belowground phenotyping method compatible with high-throughput breeding (i.e., rapid, inexpensive, reliable, and non-destructive). However, methods that fulfill these criteria currently do not exist. We hypothesized that ground-penetrating radar (GPR) could fill this need as a phenotypic selection tool. In this study, we employed a prototype GPR antenna array to scan and discriminate the root and rhizome mass of the perennial sorghum hybrid PSH09TX15. B-scan level time/discrete frequency analyses using continuous wavelet transform were utilized to extract features of interest that could be correlated to the biomass of the subsurface roots and rhizome. Time frequency analysis yielded strong correlations between radar features and belowground biomass (max R −0.91 for roots and −0.78 rhizomes, respectively) These results demonstrate that continued refinement of GPR data analysis workflows should yield an applicable phenotyping tool for breeding efforts in contexts where selection is otherwise impractical.
ETMT: A Tool for Eye-Tracking-Based Trail-Making Test to Detect Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Chandrasekharan Jyotsna , Joseph Amudha , Ram Amritanshu , Nollo Giandomenico
Published: August 2023

The growing number of people with cognitive impairment will significantly increase healthcare demand. Screening tools are crucial for detecting cognitive impairment due to a shortage of mental health experts aiming to improve the quality of life for those living with this condition. Eye tracking is a powerful tool that can provide deeper insights into human behavior and inner cognitive processes. The proposed Eye-Tracking-Based Trail-Making Test, ETMT, is a screening tool for monitoring a person’s cognitive function. The proposed system utilizes a fuzzy-inference system as an integral part of its framework to calculate comprehensive scores assessing visual search speed and focused attention. By employing an adaptive neuro-fuzzy-inference system, the tool provides an overall cognitive-impairment score, allowing psychologists to assess and quantify the extent of cognitive decline or impairment in their patients. The ETMT model offers a comprehensive understanding of cognitive abilities and identifies potential deficits in various domains. The results indicate that the ETMT model is a potential tool for evaluating cognitive impairment and can capture significant changes in eye movement behavior associated with cognitive impairment. It provides a convenient and affordable diagnosis, prioritizing healthcare resources for severe conditions while enhancing feedback to practitioners.
Virtual Assessment of a Representative Torso Airbag under the Fall from Height Impact Conditions
Authors: Aranda-Marco Raúl , Peldschus Steffen
Published: August 2023

A fall from height is the main cause of serious injuries and fatalities in occupational and work-related accidents, especially construction. Falls from scaffolds, ladders, or roofs are very frequent accident scenarios. Especially for those falls from a height of 1 m to 6 m, the use of wearable smart airbags has been proposed to mitigate possible torso injuries. In this study, a virtual assessment of such an inflatable protector was conducted using numerical simulations and finite element human body models in order to determine its impact-protection performance under realistic impact conditions and identify its possible limitations. The findings obtained from the simulation study showed a significant protective effect provided by the airbag, mitigating a multiple rib fracture scenario and reducing the risk of internal organ injuries for those falling from four meters of height or less. The use case analyzed in this research demonstrates the suitability of using a virtual environment not only to evaluate current protectors but also to develop new protector devices, which could improve occupational safety.
Screening and Experimental Validation for Selection of Open Metal Sites Metal-Organic Framework (M-CPO-27, M = Co, Mg, Ni and Zn) to Capture CO2
Authors: Kari Nor Ernie Fatriyah , Ismail Marhaina , Ahmad Aqeel , Kamal Khaliesah , Chew Thiam Leng , Bustam Mohamad Azmi
Published: August 2023

The release of CO2 into the atmosphere has become a primary issue nowadays. Recently, researchers found Metal-Organic Frameworks M-CPO-27 (M = Mg, Co, Ni, and Zn) to be revolutionary for CO2 adsorption due to the presence of open metal sites enhancing CO2 binding and leading to higher capacity. This study aims to select the best metal center for CPO-27 with the high performance of CO2 adsorption by screening metal centers using simulation as a preliminary selection method. Then, the different metal centers were synthesized using the solvothermal process for validation. The synthesis of MOFs is confirmed through PXRD and FTIR analysis. Subsequently, by using simulation and experimental methods, it is discovered that Ni-CPO-27 gives the best performance compared with magnesium, zinc, and cobalt metal centers. The CO2 adsorption capacity of synthesized Ni-CPO-27 is 5.6 mmol/g, which is almost 20% higher than other MOFs. In conclusion, the prospective outcome of changing the metal from Mg-CPO-27 to Ni-CPO-27 would be advantageous in this investigation owing to its excellent performance in capturing CO2.
The Effect of Acute Exercise on State Anxiety: A Systematic Review
Authors: Connor Madeleine , Hargreaves Elaine A. , Scanlon Orla K. , Harrison Olivia K.
Published: August 2023

Acute exercise has been shown to induce a small reduction in state anxiety, yet the most beneficial exercise stimulus is not clear. This review provides an update on the papers published since the last comprehensive review in 2015, with specific emphasis on whether study quality has improved. Randomised control trials, conducted in samples of healthy adults with non-clinical anxiety, were sourced from PubMed, PsycInfo, and Scopus. Study characteristics and study quality were assessed in nine studies comprising thirteen exercise conditions. Acute exercise significantly reduced anxiety in 53% (N = 7/13) of the exercise conditions. In comparison to a control condition, four showed exercising to be more effective, and one was as effective as the control. Two of the effective studies did not contain a control group. Six conditions were ineffective in reducing anxiety. There was no clear pattern of what combination of exercise mode, duration, and intensity was most effective, suggesting a variety may be effective in reducing anxiety. Methodological limitations still exist within the research, e.g., participant recruitment not considering baseline anxiety; variations in the control condition content. Future research should include participant samples exhibiting moderate-to-high levels of anxiety and examine self-selected exercise intensities.
Benefits and Challenges of Teleworking for a Sustainable Future: Knowledge Gained through Experience in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Simeli Ioanna , Tsekouropoulos Georgios , Vasileiou Anastasia , Hoxha Greta
Published: August 2023

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, working from home has become the norm for millions of workers worldwide. The purpose of this research was to analyze the benefits and challenges of teleworking in the administrative sectors (except Telehealth Services) of Greek healthcare units with a view to harnessing the knowledge gained through experience, in order to create a frame for sustainable behaviors. Complex and dynamic changes, from both a technical and behavioral aspect, are required to implement teleworking. Therefore, a systematic literature review (SLR) as well as primary quantitative research were used as research methods. The purpose of the SLR was to identify the existing scientific literature. Then, combined with the results of the quantitative research, the data were analyzed, described, and interpreted, and then summarized in the conclusion. In addition, the research was conducted to identify the relationships between telecommuting and organizational behavior, in order to achieve sustainable development in businesses. Moreover, an important positive aspect of telework that emerged from this literature review is the creation of opportunities for potential direct or indirect linkages between telework and many sustainable development goals (SDGs), based on the fact that telework appears to be a community-friendly form of work. In summary, this research strongly suggests that leaders facilitate telecommuters to adopt green practices and volunteerism that can consequently contribute to the SDGs. However, in order to meet the challenges arising from unprecedented times, the leaders of the organizations should redesign their policies, while governments should focus on guaranteeing the rights and freedoms of the workers.