bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Take-Home Naloxone Kit Distribution: A Pilot Project Involving People Who Use Drugs and Who Are Newly Released from a Correctional Facility
Authors: Pijl Em M. , Bourque Stacey , Martens Madison , Cherniwchan Ashley
Published: August 2017

Due to a recent increase in opioid overdoses in Canada, new harm reduction strategies are emerging. One of these strategies is take-home naloxone (THN) kits for individuals who use drugs being released from correctional facilities. Given the efficacy of naloxone for overdose reversal, the distribution of this medication to drug users upon release from incarceration has the potential for an impact on the incidence of drug-related death among this population. This group is at risk of overdose post-release due to lowered opioid tolerance and drugs of unknown strength. In this article, we report on the findings of a THN kit program for newly released inmates. This pilot project embodied a strong collaborative spirit between a provincial corrections facility and a not-for-profit harm reduction agency. Due to the success of this pilot project, this program was rolled out provincially in correctional centres across Alberta, overseen by the provincial health authority.
‘Ozen’, the First Spring Hulless Barley Cultivar in Turkey
Authors: Ergun Namuk , Sayim Ismail , Aydogan Sinan , Tekin Mehmet , Sanal Turgay , Akar Taner
Published: August 2017

‘Ozen’ (Reg. No. CV‐363, PI 682088), the first two‐rowed spring hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed in Turkey, was released and registered by the Central Research Institute for Field Crops, Ankara, Turkey, in 2012. The parents of Ozen are ICB‐101086 and ‘Tokak 157/37’; it was selected by modified bulk selection method from the F2 to F7 generations. On the basis of yield, quality, and disease resistance data from preliminary yield, yield, and regional yield trials, Ozen was nominated to continue to registration trials in 2009. It was tested in four different locations during the registration trials under supplementary irrigation in the Central Anatolia and Transitional Zones by the Variety Registration and Seed Certification Center. Its mean grain yield increased from 2.755 kg ha−1 in 2010 to 3.784 kg ha−1 in 2011. The test weight of Ozen (76.2 kg L−1) was higher than other checks, and its 1000 kernel weight (35.2 g), protein ratio (14.3%), plant height (83.9 cm), and heading date (70.4 d) were close to the grand mean of the other checks. Ozen was developed mainly to be blended with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour at a given percentage without any negative effect on bread properties, while increasing the digestibility of bread. A study showed that 20% Ozen flour can be blended with wheat flour with the intended results, leading the bread industry in Turkey to recently produce the first bread consisting of 20% barley flour using Ozen.
Interest Differences and Organizational Learning
Authors: Field Laurie
Published: August 2017

This paper argues that interest differences are the key to understanding the nature of organizational learning and the processes by which it occurs, yet the concept of ‘interest’ is very much underdeveloped in the organizational learning literature. Drawing on the work of Habermas and Lukes, the paper proposes a model of the relationship between shared learning and interests and elaborates on it using a case study of pay and performance management change at a large Australian finance-sector company, DollarCo. The case study provides many examples of shared learning associated with both common and competing interests, including a great deal of learning resulting from tensions between DollarCo’s economic and technical interests, on the one hand, and employees’ ontological interests on the other. By doing so, it underlines the value of foregrounding interests and interest differences in studies of workplace and organizational learning and raises questions about the extent to which many published accounts of so-called ‘organizational’ learning are actually describing ‘shared interest group’ learning.
Direct Observation of Dog Density and Composition during Street Counts as a Resource Efficient Method of Measuring Variation in Roaming Dog Populations over Time and between Locations
Authors: Hiby Elly , Hiby Lex
Published: August 2017

Dog population management is conducted in many countries to address the public health risks from roaming dogs and threats to their welfare. To assess its effectiveness, we need to monitor indicators from both the human and dog populations that are quick and easy to collect, precise and meaningful to intervention managers, donors and local citizens. We propose that the most appropriate indicators from the roaming dog population are population density and composition, based on counting dogs along standard routes using a standard survey protocol. Smart phone apps are used to navigate and record dogs along standard routes. Density expressed as dogs seen per km predicts the number of dogs residents will encounter as they commute to work or school and is therefore more meaningful than total population size. Composition in terms of gender, age and reproductive activity is measured alongside welfare, in terms of body and skin condition. The implementation of this method in seven locations reveals significant difference in roaming dog density between locations and reduction in density within one location subject to intervention. This method provides a resource efficient and reliable measure of roaming dog density, composition and welfare for the assessment of intervention impact.
An Efficient Synthesis of Novel Pyrazole-Based Heterocycles as Potential Antitumor Agents
Authors: Abdallah Magda , Gomha Sobhi , Abbas Ikhlass , Kazem Mariam , Alterary Seham , Mabkhot Yahia
Published: August 2017

A new series of pyrazolylpyridines was prepared by reaction of ethyl-3-acetyl-1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate with the appropriate aldehyde, malononitrile, or ethyl acetoacetate and an excess of ammonium acetate under reflux in acetic acid. Similarly, two novel bipyridine derivatives were prepared by the above reaction using terephthaldehyde in lieu of benzaldehyde derivatives. In addition, a series of 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines was synthesized by a reaction of 6-(pyrazol-3-yl)pyrimidine-2-thione with a number of hydrazonoyl chlorides in dioxane and in the presence of triethylamine. The structure of the produced compounds was established by elemental analyses and spectral methods, and the mechanisms of their formation was discussed. Furthermore, the pyrazolyl-pyridine derivatives were tested as anticancer agents and the results obtained showed that some of them revealed high activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPG2) cell lines.
A Feature-Based Structural Measure: An Image Similarity Measure for Face Recognition
Authors: Shnain Noor , Hussain Zahir , Lu Song
Published: August 2017

Facial recognition is one of the most challenging and interesting problems within the field of computer vision and pattern recognition. During the last few years, it has gained special attention due to its importance in relation to current issues such as security, surveillance systems and forensics analysis. Despite this high level of attention to facial recognition, the success is still limited by certain conditions; there is no method which gives reliable results in all situations. In this paper, we propose an efficient similarity index that resolves the shortcomings of the existing measures of feature and structural similarity. This measure, called the Feature-Based Structural Measure (FSM), combines the best features of the well-known SSIM (structural similarity index measure) and FSIM (feature similarity index measure) approaches, striking a balance between performance for similar and dissimilar images of human faces. In addition to the statistical structural properties provided by SSIM, edge detection is incorporated in FSM as a distinctive structural feature. Its performance is tested for a wide range of PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio), using ORL (Olivetti Research Laboratory, now AT&T Laboratory Cambridge) and FEI (Faculty of Industrial Engineering, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil) databases. The proposed measure is tested under conditions of Gaussian noise; simulation results show that the proposed FSM outperforms the well-known SSIM and FSIM approaches in its efficiency of similarity detection and recognition of human faces.
TFF (v.4.1): A Mathematica Notebook for the Calculation of One- and Two-Neutron Stripping and Pick-Up Nuclear Reactions
Authors: Fortunato Lorenzo , Inci Ilyas , Lay José-Antonio , Vitturi Andrea
Published: August 2017

The program TFF calculates stripping single-particle form factors for one-neutron transfer in prior representation with appropriate perturbative treatment of recoil. Coupled equations are then integrated along a semiclassical trajectory to obtain one- and two-neutron transfer amplitudes and probabilities within first- and second-order perturbation theory. Total and differential cross-sections are then calculated by folding with a transmission function (obtained from a phenomenological imaginary absorption potential). The program description, user instructions and examples are discussed.
Variations in the Concentration of Magnetic Minerals and Heavy Metals in Suspended Sediments from Citarum River and Its Tributaries, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sudarningsih Sudarningsih , Bijaksana Satria , Ramdani Rizky , Hafidz Abd , Pratama Aditya , Widodo Widodo , Iskandar Irwan , Dahrin Darharta , Jannatul Fajar Silvia , Agus Santoso Nono
Published: August 2017

The Citarum River has a volcanic catchment area in West Java Province, and is one of the nationally strategic rivers in tropical Indonesia due to its roles in water supply and in power generation. The river is economically important, but it is also polluted by industrial, agricultural, and residential wastes. Suspended sediment samples were collected along a certain section of the Citarum River, starting in Balekambang through the area of Bandung Regency to the downstream village of Nanjung, where the river is dammed. Similar samples were also collected from seven tributaries of the Citarum River. Magnetic and heavy metal analyses show that unlike river sediments from a non-volcanic catchment area in temperate climates, magnetic susceptibility values tend to decrease downstream, showing that the magnetic minerals in the upstream area are mostly lithogenic in origin, containing more Fe-bearing minerals compared to those in tributary samples which are anthropogenic in origin. Anthropogenic pollution is also represented by the increase of Zn content along the river. The results suggest that applying magnetic methods for monitoring river pollution in the tropics or in the volcanic areas should be carefully analyzed and interpreted.
Obituary Prof. Dr. Ruth Illig
Authors: Grüters-Kieslich Annette , Torresani Toni , Konrad Daniel
Published: August 2017

On 26 June 2017 Prof. Dr. Ruth Illig peacefully passed away after a life fulfilled with an untiring commitment for children with endocrine diseases. She has been an enthusiastic fighter for the improvement of child health not only in Europe, but also with a global perspective.[...]
Rapid Automatic Naming Performance of Young Spanish–English Speaking Children
Authors: Wood Carla , Bustamante Kristina , Fitton Lisa , Brown Dana , Petscher Yaacov
Published: August 2017

The aim of this preliminary study was to examine the feasibility of a rapid automatic naming (RAN) task for young Spanish–English speaking dual language learners (DLLs) and to examine the relationship between children’s performance on RAN and other standardized language and literacy assessments. A total of 275 Spanish–English speaking children in kindergarten and first grade attempted a RAN task and completed assessments of language and early literacy. Correlational analyses and quantile regression was conducted to examine relationships. Overall the RAN task was feasible for 74% (n = 203) of the DLLs; however, 42% of participants in kindergarten were unable to complete the task. There was a moderate positive correlation between RAN performance and standard scores in receptive vocabulary and letter identification, a small positive correlation with non-verbal intelligence, and no significant relationship with phonological awareness. There was a differential relation between RAN and English sentence imitation. The results support further consideration of RAN as a feasible and useful measure for young Spanish–English speaking DLLs.
Accessing Colony Boundary Strengthening of Fully Lamellar TiAl Alloys via Micromechanical Modeling
Authors: Schnabel Jan , Bargmann Swantje
Published: August 2017

In this article, we present a strategy to decouple the relative influences of colony, domain and lamella boundary strengthening in fully lamellar titanium aluminide alloys, using a physics-based crystal plasticity modeling strategy. While lamella and domain boundary strengthening can be isolated in experiments using polysynthetically twinned crystals or mircomechanical testing, colony boundary strengthening can only be investigated in specimens in which all three strengthening mechanisms act simultaneously. Thus, isolating the colony boundary strengthening Hall–Petch coefficient K C experimentally requires a sufficient number of specimens with different colony sizes λ C but constant lamella thickness λ L and domain size λ D , difficult to produce even with sophisticated alloying techniques. The here presented crystal plasticity model enables identification of the colony boundary strengthening coefficient K C as a function of lamella thickness λ L . The constitutive description is based on the model of a polysynthetically twinned crystal which is adopted to a representative volume element of a fully lamellar microstructure. In order to capture the micro yield and subsequent micro hardening in weakly oriented colonies prior to macroscopic yield, the hardening relations of the adopted model are revised and calibrated against experiments with polysynthetically twinned crystals for plastic strains up to 15%.
Organosilica Membrane with Ionic Liquid Properties for Separation of Toluene/H2 Mixture
Authors: Hirota Yuichiro , Maeda Yohei , Yamamoto Yusuke , Miyamoto Manabu , Nishiyama Norikazu
Published: August 2017

In this study, we present a new concept in chemically stabilized ionic liquid membranes: an ionic liquid organosilica (ILOS) membrane, which is an organosilica membrane with ionic liquid-like properties. A silylated ionic liquid was used as a precursor for synthesis. The permselectivity, permeation mechanism, and stability of the membrane in the H2/toluene binary system were then compared with a supported ionic liquid membrane. The membrane showed a superior separation factor of toluene/H2 (>17,000) in a binary mixture system based on a solution–diffusion mechanism with improved durability over the supported ionic liquid membrane.
Deformation Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of NiTiCu Shape Memory Alloy Subjected to Plastic Deformation at High Temperatures
Authors: Jiang Shuyong , Sun Dong , Zhang Yanqiu , Hu Li
Published: August 2017

Deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of NiTiCu shape memory alloy (SMA), which possesses martensite phase at room temperature, were investigated based on a uniaxial compression test at the temperatures of 700~1000 °C and at the strain rates of 0.0005~0.5 s−1. The constitutive equation of NiTiCu SMA was established in order to describe the flow characteristic of NiTiCu SMA, which is dominated by dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization. Dislocations become the dominant substructures of martensite phase in NiTiCu SMA compressed at 700 °C. Martensite twins are dominant in NiTiCu SMA compressed at 800 and 900 °C. Martensite twins are not observed in NiTiCu SMA compressed at 1000 °C. The microstructures resulting from dynamic recovery or dynamic recrystallization significantly influences the substructures in the martensite phase of NiTiCu SMA at room temperature. Dislocation substructures formed during dynamic recovery, such as dislocation cells and subgrain boundaries, can suppress the formation of twins in the martensite laths of NiTiCu SMA. The size of dynamic recrystallized grains affects the formation of martensite twins. Martensite twins are not easily formed in the larger recrystallized grain, since the constraint of the grain boundaries plays a weak role. However, in the smaller recrystallized grain, martensite twins are induced to accommodate the transformation from austenite to martensite.
Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis of TiB2–MgAl2O4 Composites
Authors: Radishevskaya Nina , Lepakova Olga , Karakchieva Natalia , Nazarova Anastasiya , Afanasiev Nikolai , Godymchuk Anna , Gusev Alexander
Published: August 2017

Metal borides are widely used as heat-insulating materials, however, the range of their application in high-temperature conditions with oxidative medium is significantly restricted. To improve the thermal stability of structural materials based on titanium boride, and to prevent the growth of TiB2 crystals, additives based on alumina-magnesia spinel with chemical resistant and refractory properties have been used. The aim of this work is to study the structure of TiB2 with alumina-magnesia spinel additives obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). TiB2 structure with uniform fine-grained distribution was obtained in an MgAl2O4 matrix. The material composition was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis (DRON-3M, filtered Со kα-emission), FTIR spectroscopy (Thermo Electron Nicolet 5700, within the range of 1300–400 cm−1), and scanning electron microscopy (Philips SEM 515). The obtained material represents a composite, where the particles of TiB2 with a size of 5 µm are uniformly distributed in the alloy of alumina-magnesia spinel.
Capillary-Inserted Rotor Design for HRµMAS NMR-Based Metabolomics on Mass-Limited Neurospheres
Authors: Duong Nghia , Yamato Masanori , Nakano Masayuki , Kume Satoshi , Tamura Yasuhisa , Kataoka Yosky , Wong Alan , Nishiyama Yusuke
Published: August 2017

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique and has been widely used in metabolomics. However, the intrinsic low sensitivity of NMR prevents its applications to systems with limited sample availabilities. In this study, a new experimental approach is presented to analyze mass-scarce samples in limited volumes of less than 300 nL with simple handling. The sample is loaded into the glass capillary, and this capillary is then inserted into a Kel-F rotor. The experimental performance of the capillary-inserted rotor (capillary-insert) is investigated on an isotropic solution of sucrose by the use of a high-resolution micro-sized magic angle spinning (HRµMAS) probe. The acquired NMR signal’s sensitivity to a given sample amount is comparable or even higher in comparison to that recorded by the standard solution NMR probe. More importantly, this capillary-insert coupled with the HRµMAS probe allows in-depth studies of heterogeneous samples as the MAS removes the line broadening caused by the heterogeneity. The NMR analyses of mass-limited cultured neurospheres have been demonstrated, resulting in high quality spectra where numerous metabolites are unambiguously identified.
Apigenin Impacts the Growth of the Gut Microbiota and Alters the Gene Expression of Enterococcus
Authors: Wang Minqian , Firrman Jenni , Zhang Liqing , Arango-Argoty Gustavo , Tomasula Peggy , Liu LinShu , Xiao Weidong , Yam Kit
Published: August 2017

Apigenin is a major dietary flavonoid with many bioactivities, widely distributed in plants. Apigenin reaches the colon region intact and interacts there with the human gut microbiota, however there is little research on how apigenin affects the gut bacteria. This study investigated the effect of pure apigenin on human gut bacteria, at both the single strain and community levels. The effect of apigenin on the single gut bacteria strains Bacteroides galacturonicus, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and Enterococcus caccae, was examined by measuring their anaerobic growth profiles. The effect of apigenin on a gut microbiota community was studied by culturing a fecal inoculum under in vitro conditions simulating the human ascending colon. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and GC-MS analysis quantified changes in the community structure. Single molecule RNA sequencing was used to reveal the response of Enterococcus caccae to apigenin. Enterococcus caccae was effectively inhibited by apigenin when cultured alone, however, the genus Enterococcus was enhanced when tested in a community setting. Single molecule RNA sequencing found that Enterococcus caccae responded to apigenin by up-regulating genes involved in DNA repair, stress response, cell wall synthesis, and protein folding. Taken together, these results demonstrate that apigenin affects both the growth and gene expression of Enterococcus caccae.
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding and Conformational Preferences of Arzanol—An Antioxidant Acylphloroglucinol
Authors: Mammino Liliana
Published: August 2017

Arzanol is a naturally-occurring prenylated acylphloroglucinol isolated from Helichrysum italicum and exhibiting anti-oxidant, antibiotic and antiviral activities. The molecule contains an α-pyrone moiety attached to the phloroglucinol moiety through a methylene bridge. The presence of several hydrogen bond donor or acceptor sites makes intramolecular hydrogen bonding patterns the dominant stabilising factor. Conformers with all the possible different hydrogen bonding patterns were calculated at the HF/6-31G(d,p) and DFT/B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) levels with fully relaxed geometry in vacuo and in three solvents—chloroform, acetonitrile and water (these levels being chosen to enable comparisons with previous studies on acylphloroglucinols). Calculations in solution were performed with the Polarisable Continuum Model. The results show that the lowest energy conformers have the highest number of stronger intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The influence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding patterns on the other molecular properties is also analysed.
Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and Dietary Sources of Sodium in Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Queiroz Ana , Damasceno Albertino , Jessen Neusa , Novela Célia , Moreira Pedro , Lunet Nuno , Padrão Patrícia
Published: August 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, and to estimate the main food sources of sodium in Maputo dwellers. A cross-sectional evaluation of a sample of 100 hospital workers was conducted between October 2012 and May 2013. Sodium and potassium urinary excretion was assessed in a 24-h urine sample; creatinine excretion was used to exclude unlikely urine values. Food intake in the same period of urine collection was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. The Food Processor Plus® was used to estimate sodium intake corresponding to naturally occurring sodium and sodium added to processed foods (non-discretionary sodium). Salt added during culinary preparations (discretionary sodium) was computed as the difference between urinary sodium excretion and non-discretionary sodium. The mean (standard deviation) urinary sodium excretion was 4220 (1830) mg/day, and 92% of the participants were above the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Discretionary sodium contributed 60.1% of total dietary sodium intake, followed by sodium from processed foods (29.0%) and naturally occurring sodium (10.9%). The mean (standard deviation) urinary potassium excretion was 1909 (778) mg/day, and 96% of the participants were below the WHO potassium intake recommendation. The mean (standard deviation) sodium to potassium molar ratio was 4.2 (2.4). Interventions to decrease sodium and increase potassium intake are needed in Mozambique.
The Unreasonable Destructiveness of Political Correctness in Philosophy
Authors: Doria Manuel
Published: August 2017

I submit that epistemic progress in key areas of contemporary academic philosophy has been compromised by politically correct (“PC”) ideology. First, guided by an evolutionary account of ideology, results from social and cognitive psychology and formal philosophical methods, I expose evidence for political bias in contemporary Western academia and sketch a formalization for the contents of beliefs from the PC worldview taken to be of core importance, the theory of social oppression and the thesis of anthropological mental egalitarianism. Then, aided by discussions from contemporary epistemology on epistemic values, I model the problem of epistemic appraisal using the frameworks of multi-objective optimization theory and multi-criteria decision analysis and apply it to politically correct philosophy. I conclude that philosophy guided by politically correct values is bound to produce constructs that are less truth-conducive and that spurious values which are ideologically motivated should be abandoned. Objections to my framework stemming from contextual empiricism, the feminine voice in ethics and political philosophy are considered. I conclude by prescribing the epistemic value of epistemic adequacy, the contextual value of political diversity and the moral virtue of moral courage to reverse unwarranted trends in academic philosophy due to PC ideology.
New Eco-Friendly Phosphorus Organic Polymers as Gas Storage Media
Authors: Ahmed Dina , El-Hiti Gamal , Yousif Emad , Hameed Ayad , Abdalla Mustafa
Published: August 2017

Three phosphate esters 1–3 were successfully synthesized from the reaction of 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde with phosphoryl chloride. Reactions of 1–3 with benzidine in the presence of glacial acetic acid gave the corresponding novel phosphorus organic polymers 4–6 containing the azomethane linkage. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis. Interesting physiochemical properties for the polymeric materials 4–6 were observed using a combination of several techniques such as gel permeation chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm, Barrett–Joyner–Halenda and H-sorb 2600 analyzer. The mesoporous polymers 4–6 exhibit tunable porosity with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (SABET = 24.8–30 m2·g–1), pore volume (0.03–0.05 cm3·g–1) and narrow pore size distribution, in which the average pore size was 2.4–2.8 nm. Polymers 4–6 were found to have high gas storage capacity and physico-chemical stability, particularly at a high pressure. At 323 K and 50 bars, polymers 4–6 have remarkable carbon dioxide uptake (up to 82.1 cm3·g–1) and a low hydrogen uptake (up to 7.4 cm3·g–1). The adsorption capacity of gasses for polymer 5 was found to be higher than those for polymers 4 and 6.
Glocalization and Religious Communication in the Roman Empire: Two Case Studies to Reconsider the Local and the Global in Religious Material Culture
Authors: Van Alten David
Published: August 2017

Over the period in which the ancient Roman empire grew to its greatest extent, religion in the provinces underwent change. In this article, the author argues that glocalization as an explicit modern conceptual framework has added value to the analysis of religious material culture. First, the glocalization model is discussed in the context of a wider debate on the biased concept of Romanization. Second, a rationale is presented for interpreting Roman religious change with a glocalization perspective. Third, two concrete bodies of archaeological source material are re-interpreted within the glocalization framework: first the little studied rural sanctuary of Dhronecken near ancient Trier and second a particular form of religious gifts that appeared on an empire-wide scale as a ritual with respect to the salus, the well-being of the emperor. Based on the application of the glocalization framework to these sources, the author concludes that religious material culture in these cases can be seen as a process in which new forms of religious communication were created out of an interrelated and ongoing process of local and global cultural expressions.
Elaborating the Role of Backbone Leadership Organizations in Sustainable Tourism Development: The Monongahela River Valley Coalition
Authors: Selin Steven
Published: August 2017

Leadership has emerged as a central factor in sustainable regional development. Complex regional development initiatives need dynamic leaders to convene diverse stakeholders, sustain participation, leverage external resources, and achieve collective impact. This study researched the deeper meanings and application of backbone leadership using case study research examining a collaborative, regional initiative known as the Mon River Valley Coalition (MRVC). The MRVC is a regional and community-based economic revitalization program that promotes economic and environmental sustainability by capitalizing on the outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism potential of the Monongahela River. Through an inductive logic process, this research study analyzed the role and capabilities exhibited by backbone leaders associated with the MRVC. The data revealed that backbone leadership has been important to the cumulative success of the Monongahela River Valley Coalition. Study results highlight the backbone leadership roles and capabilities demonstrated by the leadership team both internally and external to the coalition. Sustainable development leaders work in uncharted waters—beyond the safe harbors of government, corporations, and nonprofit organizations. Research is needed that elaborates the integrative work that these sustainability leaders do. Studies such as this one can illuminate the pathway for those to follow.
An Efficient Secure Scheme Based on Hierarchical Topology in the Smart Home Environment
Authors: Kim Mansik , Lim Kyung-Soo , Song Jungsuk , Jun Moon-seog
Published: August 2017

As the Internet of Things (IoT) has developed, the emerging sensor network (ESN) that integrates emerging technologies, such as autonomous driving, cyber-physical systems, mobile nodes, and existing sensor networks has been in the limelight. Smart homes have been researched and developed by various companies and organizations. Emerging sensor networks have some issues of providing secure service according to a new environment, such as a smart home, and the problems of low power and low-computing capacity for the sensor that previous sensor networks were equipped with. This study classifies various sensors used in smart homes into three classes and contains the hierarchical topology for efficient communication. In addition, a scheme for establishing secure communication among sensors based on physical unclonable functions (PUFs) that cannot be physically cloned is suggested in regard to the sensor’s low performance. In addition, we analyzed this scheme by conducting security and performance evaluations proving to constitute secure channels while consuming fewer resources. We believe that our scheme can provide secure communication by using fewer resources in a smart home environment in the future.
Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change on Drought Characteristics in the Hwanghae Plain, North Korea Using Time Series SPI and SPEI: 1981–2100
Authors: Lee Sang-Hyun , Yoo Seung-Hwan , Choi Jin-Yong , Bae Seungjong
Published: August 2017

North Korea is a food-deficit nation in which climate change could have a significant impact on drought. We analyzed drought characteristics in the Hwanghae Plain, North Korea using both the multiple timescales of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) from 1981 to 2100. The probability of non-exceedance for a one-month SPEI below −1.0 was only 1.1% in the spring season of 1995 but increased to 24.4% in 2085. The SPEI for a ten-year return period varied from −0.6 to −0.9 in 1995 and decreased to −1.18 in 2025. The results indicate that severe drought is more likely to occur in future as a result of climate change. The seasonal drought conditions were also significantly influenced by climate change. The largest decrease in the SPEI occurred in late spring and early summer, both of which are important for rice growth. Drought characteristics include severity, duration, and intensity. Therefore, we applied the time series of SPIs and SPEIs to the runs theory and found that the drought intensity identified by one-month SPEIs in 1995 was at a level of 1.21, which reached 1.39 in 2085, implying that climate change will intensify drought in the future.
Detection of Necroptosis in Ligand-Mediated and Hypoxia-Induced Injury of Hepatocytes Using a Novel Optic Probe-Detecting Receptor-Interacting Protein (RIP)1/RIP3 Binding
Authors: Haga Sanae , Kanno Akira , Ozawa Takeaki , Morita Naoki , Asano Mami , Ozaki Michitaka
Published: August 2017

Liver injury is often observed in various pathological conditions including posthepatectomy state and cancer chemotherapy. It occurs mainly as a consequence of the combined necrotic and apoptotic types of cell death. In order to study liver/hepatocyte injury by the necrotic type of
cell death, we studied signal-regulated necrosis (necroptosis) by developing a new optic probe for detecting receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP)/RIP3 binding, an essential process for necroptosis induction. In the mouse hepatocyte cell line, TIB-73 cells, TNF-/cycloheximide (T/C) induced
RIP1/3 binding only when caspase activity was suppressed by the caspase-specific inhibitor z-VAD-fmk (zVAD). T/C/zVAD-induced RIP1/3 binding was inhibited by necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), an allosteric inhibitor of RIP1. The reduced cell survival by T/C/zVAD was improved by Nec-1. These facts indicate
that T/C induces necroptosis of hepatocytes when the apoptotic pathway is inhibited/unavailable. FasL also induced cell death, which was only partially inhibited by zVAD, indicating the possible involvement of necroptosis rather than apoptosis. FasL activated caspase 3 and, similarly, induced
RIP1/3 binding when the caspases were inactivated. Interestingly, FasL-induced RIP1/3 binding was significantly suppressed by the antioxidants Trolox and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FasL-induced necroptotic cellular processes.
H2O2, by itself, induced RIP1/3 binding that was suppressed by Nec-1, but not by zVAD. Hypoxia induced RIP1/3 binding after reoxygenation, which was suppressed by Nec-1 or by the antioxidants. Cell death induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) was also improved by Nec-1.
Similar to H2O2, H/R did not require caspase inhibition for RIP1/3 binding, suggesting the involvement of a caspase-independent mechanism for non-ligand-induced and/or redox-mediated necroptosis. These data indicate that ROS can induce necroptosis and mediate the FasL-
and hypoxia-induced necroptosis via a molecular mechanism that differs from a conventional caspase-dependent pathway. In conclusion, necroptosis is potentially involved in liver/hepatocyte injury induced by oxidative stress and FasL in the absence of apoptosis.
Complete Blood Count Interpretation: A Survey Of Health Professional In Brazil
Authors: Almeida Bruna Soares , Alves Beatriz Da Costa Aguiar , Gehrke Flávia De Sousa , Adami Fernando , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso
Published: August 2017

Background: Complete blood count is one of the most ordered tests in clinical and surgical practice. However, it is important to know how to properly interpret it. The aim of this study was to measure the level of knowledge that health professionals have concerning the proper interpretation of the CBC test.

Methods and Findings: The article reports and analyzes the responses of questionnaires on the interpretation of CBC results applied in a sample of one hundred health professionals. A semi-structured tool was developed and composed of topics regarding sociodemographic data, a specific knowledge test on CBC, and a self-evaluation on the interpretation and the importance of the test. All participants scored less than 90% on the questionnaire, a result that was established as unsatisfactory regarding CBC interpretation. Only physicians and biomedical scientists showed suitable knowledge on the interpretation of hematological terms.

Conclusion: Despite the fact CBC is one of the main tests in clinical routine, our results showed deficits in knowledge on the theme by health professionals. Perhaps these results may help to reinforce the importance of multidisciplinarity and also highlight the deficiencies of training in the different professions studied.
Multi-epoch BVRI Photometry of Luminous Stars in M31 and M33
Authors: Martin John C. , Humphreys Roberta M. ,   (Minnesota Luminous Stars In Nearby Galaxies)
Published: August 2017

We present the first four years of BVRI photometry from an on-going survey to annually monitor the photometric behavior of evolved luminous stars in M31 and M33. Photometry was measured for 199 stars at multiple epochs, including 9 classic Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs), 22 LBV candidates, 10 post-RGB A/F type hypergiants, and 18 B[e] supergiants. At all epochs, the brightness is measured in the V-band and at least one other band to a precision of 0.04–0.10 mag down to a limiting magnitude of 19.0–19.5. Thirty three stars in our survey exhibit significant variability, including at least two classic LBVs caught in S Doradus-type outbursts. A hyperlinked version of the photometry catalog is at http://go.uis.edu/m31m33photcat.
Tiny Electromagnetic Explosions
Authors: Thompson Christopher
Published: August 2017

This paper considers electromagnetic transients of a modest total energy (

erg) and small initial size (

cm). They could be produced during collisions between relativistic field structures (e.g., macroscopic magnetic dipoles) that formed around or before cosmic electroweak symmetry breaking. The outflowing energy has a dominant electromagnetic component; a subdominant thermal component (temperature

GeV) supplies inertia in the form of residual

. A thin shell forms, expanding subluminally and attaining a Lorentz factor

before decelerating. Drag is supplied by the reflection of an ambient magnetic field and deflection of ambient free electrons. Emission of low-frequency (GHz–THz) superluminal waves takes place through three channels: (i) reflection of the ambient magnetic field; (ii) direct linear conversion of the embedded magnetic field into a superluminal mode; and (iii) excitation outside the shell by corrugation of its surface. The escaping electromagnetic pulse is very narrow (a few wavelengths), so the width of the detected transient is dominated by propagation effects. GHz radio transients are emitted from (i) the dark matter halos of galaxies and (ii) the near-horizon regions of supermassive black holes that formed via direct gas collapse and now accrete slowly. Brighter and much narrower 0.01–1 THz pulses are predicted at a rate at least comparable to fast radio bursts, experiencing weaker scattering and absorption. The same explosions also accelerate protons up to

eV, and heavier nuclei up to 1020–21 eV.
Circumnuclear Structures in Megamaser Host Galaxies
Authors: Pjanka Patryk , Greene Jenny E. , Seth Anil C. , Braatz James A. , Henkel Christian , Lo Fred K. Y. , Läsker Ronald
Published: August 2017

Using the Hubble Space Telescope, we identify circumnuclear (100–500 pc scale) structures in nine new H2O megamaser host galaxies to understand the flow of matter from kpc-scale galactic structures down to the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at galactic centers. We double the sample analyzed in a similar way by Greene et al. and consider the properties of the combined sample of 18 sources. We find that disk-like structure is virtually ubiquitous when we can resolve <200 pc scales, in support of the notion that non-axisymmetries on these scales are a necessary condition for SMBH fueling. We perform an analysis of the orientation of our identified nuclear regions and compare it with the orientation of megamaser disks and the kpc-scale disks of the hosts. We find marginal evidence that the disk-like nuclear structures show increasing misalignment from the kpc-scale host galaxy disk as the scale of the structure decreases. In turn, we find that the orientation of both the ∼100 pc scale nuclear structures and their host galaxy large-scale disks is consistent with random with respect to the orientation of their respective megamaser disks.
Hubble Space Telescope Proper Motion (HSTPROMO) Catalogs of Galactic Globular Clusters. V. The Rapid Rotation of 47 Tuc Traced and Modeled in Three Dimensions*
Authors: Bellini A. , Bianchini P. , Varri A. L. , Anderson J. , Piotto G. , van der Marel R. P. , Vesperini E. , Watkins L. L.
Published: August 2017

High-precision proper motions of the globular cluster 47 Tuc have allowed us to measure for the first time the cluster rotation in the plane of the sky and the velocity anisotropy profile from the cluster core out to about 13′. These profiles are coupled with prior measurements along the line of sight (LOS) and the surface brightness profile and fit all together with self-consistent models specifically constructed to describe quasi-relaxed stellar systems with realistic differential rotation, axisymmetry, and pressure anisotropy. The best-fit model provides an inclination angle i between the rotation axis and the LOS direction of 30° and is able to simultaneously reproduce the full three-dimensional kinematics and structure of the cluster, while preserving a good agreement with the projected morphology. Literature models based solely on LOS measurements imply a significantly different inclination angle (i = 45°), demonstrating that proper motions play a key role in constraining the intrinsic structure of 47 Tuc. Our best-fit global dynamical model implies an internal rotation higher than previous studies have shown and suggests a peak of the intrinsic V/σ ratio of ∼0.9 at around two half-light radii, with a nonmonotonic intrinsic ellipticity profile reaching values up to 0.45. Our study unveils a new degree of dynamical complexity in 47 Tuc, which may be leveraged to provide new insights into the formation and evolution of globular clusters.
The TWA 3 Young Triple System: Orbits, Disks, Evolution
Authors: Kellogg Kendra , Prato L. , Torres Guillermo , Schaefer G. H. , Avilez I. , Ruíz-Rodríguez D. , Wasserman L. H. , Bonanos Alceste Z. , Guenther E. W. , Neuhäuser R. , Levine S. E. , Bosh A. S. , Morzinski Katie M. , Close Laird , Bailey Vanessa , Hinz Phil , Males Jared R.
Published: August 2017

We have characterized the spectroscopic orbit of the TWA 3A binary and provide preliminary families of probable solutions for the TWA 3A visual orbit, as well as for the wide TWA 3A–B orbit. TWA 3 is a hierarchical triple located at 34 pc in the ∼10 Myr old TW Hya association. The wide component separation is 1.″55; the close pair was first identified as a possible binary almost 20 years ago. We initially identified the 35-day period orbital solution using high-resolution infrared spectroscopy that angularly resolved the A and B components. We then refined the preliminary orbit by combining the infrared data with a reanalysis of our high-resolution optical spectroscopy. The orbital period from the combined spectroscopic solution is ∼35 days, the eccentricity is ∼0.63, and the mass ratio is ∼0.84; although this high mass ratio would suggest that optical spectroscopy alone should be sufficient to identify the orbital solution, the presence of the tertiary B component likely introduced confusion in the blended optical spectra. Using millimeter imaging from the literature, we also estimate the inclinations of the stellar orbital planes with respect to the TWA 3A circumbinary disk inclination and find that all three planes are likely misaligned by at least ∼30°. The TWA 3A spectroscopic binary components have spectral types of M4.0 and M4.5; TWA 3B is an M3. We speculate that the system formed as a triple, is bound, and that its properties were shaped by dynamical interactions between the inclined orbits and disk.
Lyα Profile, Dust, and Prediction of Lyα Escape Fraction in Green Pea Galaxies
Authors: Yang Huan , Malhotra Sangeeta , Gronke Max , Rhoads James E. , Leitherer Claus , Wofford Aida , Jiang Tianxing , Dijkstra Mark , Tilvi V. , Wang Junxian
Published: August 2017

We studied Lyman-α (Lyα) escape in a statistical sample of 43 Green Peas with HST/COS Lyα spectra. Green Peas are nearby star-forming galaxies with strong [O iii]λ5007 emission lines. Our sample is four times larger than the previous sample and covers a much more complete range of Green Pea properties. We found that about two-thirds of Green Peas are strong Lyα line emitters with rest-frame Lyα equivalent width

. The Lyα profiles of Green Peas are diverse. The Lyα escape fraction, defined as the ratio of observed Lyα flux to intrinsic Lyα flux, shows anti-correlations with a few Lyα kinematic features—both the blue peak and red peak velocities, the peak separations, and the FWHM of the red portion of the Lyα profile. Using properties measured from Sloan Digital Sky Survey optical spectra, we found many correlations—the Lyα escape fraction generally increases at lower dust reddening, lower metallicity, lower stellar mass, and higher [O iii]/[O ii] ratio. We fit their Lyα profiles with the H i shell radiative transfer model and found that the Lyα escape fraction is anti-correlated with the best-fit N
H i
. Finally, we fit an empirical linear relation to predict

from the dust extinction and Lyα red peak velocity. The standard deviation of this relation is about 0.3 dex. This relation can be used to isolate the effect of intergalactic medium (IGM) scatterings from Lyα escape and to probe the IGM optical depth along the line of sight of each

Lyα emission-line galaxy in the James Webb Space Telescope era.
Comment analyser la vulnérabilité aux inondations ? Approches quantitatives, qualitatives, francophones et anglophones
Authors: Rufat Samuel
Published: August 2017

Depuis les années 1990, les outils cartographiques et de diagnostic de vulnérabilité face aux différents aléas se sont multipliés. Pour répondre aux exigences de l’administration en matière de prévention et de gestion des risques, ce sont surtout des méthodes quantitatives, définissant des scores de vulnérabilité, des dommages potentiels ou s’inscrivant dans des démarches coûts/avantages. Ces instruments sont construits comme des outils de diagnostic a priori , avant les crises ou les catastrophes. Mais ils ne sont ensuite pas confrontés à l’épreuve des faits, a posteriori , aux retours d’expérience. À l’inverse, des méthodes qualitatives et empiriques sont utilisées après les crises et les catastrophes pour en analyser les processus, les modalités de diffusion et dégager les spécificités locales, mais sans parvenir à faire monter le bilan en généralité pour le rendre transposable à d’autres territoires. Il existe donc un important décalage entre ces deux approches dans le choix des données, des critères, des facteurs de vulnérabilité à prendre en compte. Ce décalage est un obstacle majeur à la consolidation des outils d’analyse de la vulnérabilité des territoires. Les outils cartographiques et de diagnostic tendent à mobiliser un même faisceau d’indicateurs ou de critères, en le transposant d’un territoire à un autre sans tenir compte de la diversité des territoires ni des effets d’échelle. De même, ils ont tendance à se focaliser sur un instantané, sans considérer que dans le déroulement de la crise, les individus, groupes sociaux et territoires les plus vulnérables ne sont pas toujours les mêmes. Ces problèmes sont discutés dans le cas de la vulnérabilité aux inondations en confrontant les approches qualitatives, quantitatives, anglophones et francophones dans la perspective d’assurer la robustesse des outils.