bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feminism and Sexual Freedom in an Age of AIDS
Authors: Ryan Allanah
Published: March 2007

This article explores the ways in which concepts of sexual freedom, democracy and citizenship may be helpful, as `moral sources', for feminists addressing issues of risk and pleasure in women's heterosexual relationships. I address this question by critically examining feminist research on the relationship between women's sexuality, power relations and safe sex. The article concludes by arguing, in response to HIV risk, that feminist theory and sexual politics may find notions of sexual citizenship, sexual democracy and mutuality more appropriate than the recourse to discourses emphasizing women's lack of sexual agency (the WRAP position) or a project focused on a `permissive discourse' (the position of the Macquarie Heterosexuality and AIDS Project).
Coming Out of the Coming Out Story: Writing Queer Lives
Authors: Jolly Margaretta
Published: March 2007

This article examines the challenges posed to the western lesbian and gay life writing paradigm of the coming out story by postmodern and global cultures. It reads two memoirs published in the 1990s that `queer' the coming out plot, one of an American lesbian-turned-heterosexual, the other of a Chinese woman describing her relationships with women and men during the Cultural Revolution. Jan Clausen's Apples and Oranges: My Journey Through Sexual Identity (1999a) and Anchee Min's Red Azalea (1996) each reject `coming out' and its `essentialist' model of sexual identity, showing too its western specificity. However, they equally avoid a fully deconstructive version of queer - Clausen by elegizing her past lesbian self, Min by poeticizing sexuality as the wellspring of individuation and antitotalitarian resistance. While queer's unravelling of homogenous models of sexual narrative has been liberating, it cannot yet rival the power of traditional modernist sexual stories, whether in creating community in the fragmented West, or individual rights in totalitarian societies such as China of the late 1960s-early 1970s.
Lack of Association of Psychosocial Variables with Natural Killer Cell Activity in a Native Hawaiian Population
Authors: Streltzer Jon , Rezentes William C. , Arakaki Masa
Published: March 2007

Native Hawaiians may be more susceptible to cancer and infectious disease. We examined the influence of psychosocial variables on natural killer cell activity (NKCA) in Hawaiians. NKCA was measured in 264 subjects, of whom 172 were Hawaiian and 54 had cancer. This was correlated with a broad range of psychosocial variables that were measured utilizing visual analog scales and other tests. Diminished NKCA was not found in this Hawaiian population. Smoking was the only variable significantly associated with reduced NKCA ( p< .01). In general, psychosocial variables, including depression and social support, were not found to correlate with NKCA in Hawaiians.
Limited Cultural Validity of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview’s Probe Flow Chart
Authors: van Ommeren Mark , Sharma Bhogendra , Makaju Ramesh , Thapa Suraj , de Jong Joop
Published: March 2007

The probe flow chart of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was designed to assess psychiatric somatic complaints in various cultures. The CIDI’s probe flow chart does not appear to function properly in the Nepali context as the chart contains two assumptions that do not hold in Nepali culture, namely that: (i) respondents attribute their symptoms to mental, physical or substance-related processes, and (ii) doctors communicate diagnoses to their patients. The cultural validity of the CIDI is questioned.
The Need for Cross-Cultural Research on the Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Authors: Daley Tamara C.
Published: March 2007

Research on the pervasive developmental disorders within a cultural context and in developing countries has received limited attention from both the fields of mental health and anthropology. Although autism holds considerable potential for expanding the field of transcultural psychiatry, the bulk of research has consisted of case studies and brief reviews, with few studies undertaking a serious discussion of cultural factors. The current article reviews the literature to date on autism within a cultural context and highlights both rationale and directions for future efforts in this area, drawing from research with 109 families of autistic children in urban India.
Oedipal Anxiety and Cultural Variations in the Incest Taboo: A Psychotherapy Case Study in the Nigerian Setting
Authors: Ilechukwu Sunny T. C.
Published: March 2007

This paper reports the highlights of long-term dynamic psychotherapy with an African. The case is presented of a 34-year-old Nigerian exarmy officer with the onset of panic symptoms following the death of a neighbor. This event was found to symbolize the core of his conflicts. Therapy revealed ongoing conflict with his father, with peers at work and in his marriage. There were also violations of the incest taboos in his extended and polygamous family. The psychotherapeutic process is delineated with special reference to Oedipal components. The following variations are discussed: (i) the impact of a cultural setting which enforced infancy/early childhood domicile with mother, separate sleeping quarters for the father, and later separation of all males from mother; (ii) the dynamics of growing up in a home where father has multiple wives who may function as surrogate mothers in his lifetime or, at his death, as potential wives; (iii) the vicissitudes of the incest taboo in a complex extended family that is under siege by urbanization. The therapeutic experience contrasts sharply with the experience of western psychiatrists who practiced in Nigeria two decades before.
School safety project for Child Safety Week
Authors: Dennis Monica
Published: March 2007

■ The paediatric health promotion nurse was invited to assist a local primary school, providing an opportunity for the hospital to become involved in community health promotion.

■ Several activities involving school personnel, local businesses, the school nurse and the paediatric health promotion nurse were arranged and took place successfully during Child Safety Week

■ This initiative highlighted that the local community recognise the contribution the hospital can make to positive health rather than simply seeing it as dealing with illness and disease.
Review : Reducing allergens for asthma sufferers: sharing information with parents
Authors: Spear Elizabeth , Dennis Monica
Published: March 2007

■ The new 1997 BTS guidelines highlight the importance of recommending the avoidance of provoking factors where possible

■ Requesting reduction of exposure to allergens may be desirable, however such measures may not be practical and cannot guarantee success

■ Provision of information, education and support in relation to allergen reduction measures is a major aspect of the nurse's role in the asthma and allergy unit

■ Educating parents about possible trigger factors will help them to manage their child's asthma thus leading to a better quality of life
Review : The partnership myth? Examining current opinions
Authors: Taylor Christine
Published: March 2007

■ There is a need for further clarification of the concept of partnership

■ A philosophy of 'family-centred care' will require negotiation with, and commitment from, all concerned with care delivery in the ward and beyond

■ Paediatric nursing needs to adopt a flexible and non- judgmental approach in order to facilitate the needs of all families

■ The concept of 'partnership in care' is of benefit to families caring for sick children in the context of today's economic and political climate
Archaeology of an acting style
Authors: Buse Peter
Published: March 2007

This article argues that different acting techniques depend on different theories of the 'subject', and that consequently, every theory of acting is also a theory of subjectivity. Recent Oscar-winning performances emphasize roles where the actor must play someone supposedly incomplete, handicapped, in other words not 'an entirely autonomous' subject. However, it is argued that the acting technique used to realize these parts is in fact a decidedly humanist one, dependent on the early 20th-century theories of Konstantin Stanislavski. An early text of Stanislavski's is analysed closely to reveal its humanist presuppositions, and then contrasted with acting theories which are anti-humanist, particularly those of Bertolt Brecht, who is responsible for the Verfremdungseffekt.
Not all Stereotype-Incongruent Information is Created Equal: The Impact of Sample Variability on Stereotype Change
Authors: Garcia-Marques Leonel , Mackie Diane M.
Published: March 2007

In two experiments participants saw stereotype-incongruent information that was either high or low in variability. Following exposure participants generated distributions of group members from which central tendency and variability information was calculated. The comprehensive retrieval model (Garcia-Marques & Mackie, 1999) predicted greater change in perceived dispersion following high versus low variability incongruent information, but greater central tendency change following low versus high variability exposure. In Experiment 1 participants generated more variable distributions after exposure to high versus low variability inconsistent information and showed greater central tendency revision in the low compared to high variability condition, supporting predictions. These effects were replicated in Experiment 2, which demonstrated similar effects for congruent information.
Effects of Differential Status of Group Members on Process and Outcome of Deliberation
Authors: Kaplan Martin F. , Martin Ana M.
Published: March 2007

Decision making groups, including European juries, often contain factions differing in status. Mock juries composed of trained and layperson status factions decided guilt and punishment for realistic cases of university code violations. Cases presented predominantly intellective or judgmental issues, and juries had to justify verdicts according to facts alone, or facts and values. Compared to laypersons, trained factions influenced group decisions more, but only in judgmental cases, or when having to include values in justification. They more actively discussed the judgmental cases, and engaged more than laypersons in normative influence. Trained jurors appear to wield social/normative power, impacting judgmental issues more. Consistent with their minority status, laypersons engage in more informational than normative influence. The fact that laypersons are as active in discussing intellective cases as are trained members, and are equally informational in their style of influence, enhances their impact when deciding issues that revolve around gathering facts to reach a correct decision.
Impact of the Enlargement of APEC on South Asia: An Analysis of Trade Potential †
Authors: Samaratunga R.H.S. , Jayasuriya Sisira , Prentice David
Published: March 2007

APEC-South Asian trade has attracted very little attention among researchers although the APEC region has become South Asia's most important trading part ner. This article provides an analysis of the determinants of trade flows between South Asian and APEC countries, using a gravity trade model (GTM) with some extensions. The model incorporates the conventional variables (income, distance, relative prices, etc.) as well as policy related variables (tariff and non-tariff barriers). This model was also used to conduct trade policy experiments on trade liberaliza tion in the two regions. The results show that the potential for expansion of South Asia's exports to the APEC region is very limited and indicate the need for policy reforms if the region is to achieve its goal of higher exports as a vehicle for growth.
Media Participation
Authors: BUCY ERIK P. , GREGSON KIMBERLY S.
Published: March 2007

This article reconsiders civic involvement and citizen empowerment in the light of interactive media and elaborates the concept of media participation. Departing from conventional notions of political activity which downplay the participatory opportunities inherent in communication media, the authors argue that since 1992 new media formats have made accessible to citizens a political system that had become highly orchestrated, professionalized and exclusionary. A typology of active, passive and inactive political involvement is presented to accurately distinguish civic involvement from political disengagement and to categorize the types of empowerment and rewards - both material and symbolic - that different modes of civic activity afford. Even if only symbolically empowering, civic engagement through new media serves as an important legitimizing mechanism of mass democracy.
`Witnessing': The Use of First-Hand Knowledge in Legitimating Lay Opinions on Talk Radio
Authors: HUTCHBY IAN
Published: March 2007

Radio phone-ins, or `talk radio' shows, represent a popular environment in which members of the public at large may discuss the news of the day from their own perspective. This article explores some discursive devices that are used in legitimating, or authenticating, lay speakers' opinions about news in this environment. A number of examples of calls to a talk radio show are examined in order to show the oriented-to importance of `witnessing' (broadly, claims to first-hand knowledge) in establishing the legitimacy of an opinion. A range of factors are discussed, including: the variety of types of first-hand knowledge that may be invoked; the sequential and interactional contexts in which first-hand knowledge is invoked; and the way in which first-hand knowledge itself may be used not just to legitimate, but to undermine, the status of a caller's contribution to the show's debate.
Disordered Discourse in Schizophrenia Described by the Structure Building Framework
Authors: GERNSBACHER MORTON ANN , TALLENT KATHLEEN A. , BOLLIGER CAROLINE M.
Published: March 2007

This article reviews the phenomena of disordered discourse often manifested in schizophrenia. It argues that the Structure Building Framework, a model of the general cognitive processes and mechanisms underlying discourse, can be used to account for these phenomena. According to the Structure Building Framework, the goal of comprehension is to build coherent mental representations or structures. Building a mental structure involves several component subprocesses: laying a foundation, mapping relevant information onto that foundation, and shifting to initiate a new substructure. Building a mental structure also involves at least two general cognitive mechanisms: enhancement of relevant activation and suppression of irrelevant or inappropriate activation. We suggest that schizophrenics who exhibit verbose disordered discourse have inefficient suppression mechanisms, are impaired in laying a foundation, and tend to shift too often. We also speculate that schizophrenics who exhibit impoverished disordered discourse have inefficient enhancement mechanisms and are impaired with the cognitive process of mapping.
The Political Economy of Budget Deficits in the European Union
Authors: Freitag Markus , Sciarini Pascal
Published: March 2007

This article tries to evaluate the impact of domestic and international factors on both deficits and deficit reduction in the European Union. Based on data covering 14 countries and 20 fiscal years (1978-97) we test the major hypotheses in the political economy literature. Beyond the investigation of the causes of cross-sectional variations in budget outcomes, we are also interested in changing patterns of influences over time, resulting from so-called `structural breaks'. On the one hand, our pooled time-series analyses show that very few political and institutional factors influenced the budget outcomes of the EU member states during this period. On the other hand, our estimation results provide suggestive support for our assumption that `Maastricht' amounted to a decisive structural break.
Examining the EU Legislative Process
Authors: König Thomas , Pöter Mirja
Published: March 2007

This comparative case study tries to offer an empirical insight into the explanatory power of competing approaches on parliamentary influence in the cooperation procedure of the European Union. The theoretical debate on the impact of the cooperation procedure has received remarkable attention and centres around the relative importance of parliamentary agenda-setting and veto powers. Our comparative analysis reveals two important conceptual differences among the competing approaches on parliamentary power: first in their focus on the preference profile and, second, in their modelling of the reference point. The empirical findings show that the supranational preference profile characterizes the actor configuration in European legislative politics, at either the dimensional or the issue level of Commission proposals. The competing approaches overestimate supranational agenda-setting power and parliamentary veto power is unlikely to strengthen the pro-integrationist influence.
A Register for Patients with Learning Disabilities in General Practice
Authors: Martin G. H. B. , Martin D. M.
Published: March 2007

The shift of people with learning disabilities out of the large mental handicap hospitals mainly into residential homes in the community is now almost complete. This means that almost all people with learning disabilities are registered with general practitioners, both those discharged from long-stay institutions, and those who have always lived with their families in the community. This present paper reports on a study undertaken to assess the amount of disability and the workload by comparing the annual consultation rates of those recently discharged from long-stay institutions with those always in the community, and also against matched controls in a large fundholding practice. This was achieved by the practice learning disability register being imported from the local community learning disability team’s special needs register and checked against the local social education centre and special school records and then with the practice held records. Those whose records showed that they had been discharged from either hospital or specialist school within the last10 years of the study end (April 1996) were assigned as a past long-stay institution group; the remaining patients formed a second group, and both were compared with a matched control group. The study found that out of a total practice list of 14,410 patients, 57 were identified as patients with a known learning disability and constituted the register. They consulted 1.7 times as often and were prescribed 1.8 times as many repeat prescription drugs as matched control patients. However, of the57, the10 patients from long-stay institutions consulted4.9 times as often and took 4.9 times as many repeat prescription drugs as controls. The patients with learning disability who had always lived in the community consulted and took repeat prescription drugs at rates similar to controls. Making a detailed register of patients with learning disabilities highlights the multiple associated disabilities of this patient population and reveals an increase in consultation rate and central nervous system drug consumption. This is mainly due to patients who formerly lived in long-stay institutions and who were discharged to this practice. Similar changes are likely to have occurred in other primary health care teams.
‘Tick this, Tick that’
Authors: Williams Val , Robinson Carol
Published: March 2007

Community care assessments and individual service reviews are intended to empower people with learning disabilities. The research study reported in this paper investigated the effects of the Carers Act on families that include people with a learning disability, and sought the views of 51 carers and the people they cared for. This paper focuses on the views of the people with learning disabilities themselves, who reported that their assessments were often hard to understand, disempowering and inaccessible. In addition, less than half of the services discussed at the assessment were provided one year later. However, carrying out a separate assessment of the carer’s needs was generally empowering, both to the carer and to the cared-for person. The paper concludes with some recommendations to improve practice in this area.
Staff Knowledge about Symptoms of Mental Health Problems in People with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Quigley April , Murray George C. , Mckenzie Karen , Elliot Gordon
Published: March 2007

The present study examined the knowledge of 116 health and social care staff working in learning disability services about the symptoms of mental health problems in this client group, using the Mini PAS-ADD as a comparator. Seventy-one percent of participants currently supported a client with mental health problems and learning disabilities; however, only 47 percent had received any training in this area. The health staff scored significantly higher than the residential and day care staff in relation to knowledge of symptoms for anxiety, depression and psychosis, but overall levels were low for all three groups. Those individuals who had received training in the area had significantly greater knowledge about symptoms, and higher confidence levels in supporting this client group, than those who had not. The staff also reported a range of behavioural symptoms, which were not included in the Mini PAS-ADD. Implications of the study are discussed.
Self-ownership, Marxism, and Egalitarianism
Authors: Mack Eric
Published: March 2007

Part I of this essay supports the anti-egalitarian conclusion that individuals may readily become entitled to substantially unequal extra-personal holdings by criticizing end-state and pattern theories of distributive justice and defending the historical entitlement doctrine of justice in holdings. Part II of this essay focuses on a second route to the anti-egalitarian conclusion. This route combines the self-ownership thesis with a contention that is especially advanced by G.A. Cohen. This is the contention that the anti-egalitarian conclusion can be inferred from the self-ownership thesis without the aid of additional controversial premises. Cohen advances this contention, not because he wants to support the anti-egalitarian conclusion, but rather because he wants to emphasize the need for one to reject the self-ownership thesis if one is to reject the anti-egalitarian conclusion. In Part II of this essay, I support this second route to the anti-egalitarian conclusion by reinforcing Cohen's special contention while rejecting his challenges to the self-ownership thesis. Cohen's special contention is reinforced by way of an explanation of why the redistributive state must trench upon some people's self-ownership rights. One important challenge to the self-ownership thesis is answered through the articulation of a new and improved Lockean proviso. Another challenge offered by Cohen is answered by arguing that the philosophical costs of denying the self-ownership thesis are as great as the self-ownership libertarian maintains. Thus, I defend both of the key elements of self-ownership libertarianism, the self-ownership thesis and the anti-egalitarian conclusion.
Was Mill a Liberal?
Authors: Ten Chin-Liew
Published: March 2007

This article is a systematic repudiation of Joseph Hamburger's thesis in his book John Stuart Mill on Liberty And Control. Hamburger maintains that Mill wanted to promote the `moral regeneration of mankind' by eroding Christian belief and replacing it with a religion of humanity. He argues that Mill's defense of liberty must be seen in this context, although Mill himself tried to conceal some of his views. Mill in fact permitted interference even in the area of self-regarding conduct. He was against interference by public opinion, but not against interference by superior persons. Mill valued freedom because it enabled superior persons to promote the desired progress toward the religion of humanity. But this article argues that Hamburger fails to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate forms of interference, a distinction that is central to Mill's case for liberty. Superior persons are not allowed to coerce others from engaging in non-harmful but `miserable' conduct. The progress that Mill envisaged was to be achieved within the framework of freedom for all.
Professional Morality and Integrity
Authors: Chalofsky Neal
Published: March 2007

The Problem and the Solution. The core beliefs of the field of human resource development must be developed from an understanding of professional morality and integrity This chapter explores professional morality, values, and ethics and discusses their relationship to H RD theory and practice
"Awakening": Developing Learning Capacity in a Small Family Business
Authors: Ziegler Mary
Published: March 2007

The Problem and the Solution. Small family businesses face unique chal lenges due to their size and the fact that decisions made by family members are often not open to discussion or challenge Yet such businesses face pressures to transform the way their managers and employees work and learn, just as larger businesses do This chapter discusses informal learning strategies observed in a family publishing company undergoing a business transformation The author describes "awakening," the first phase of the change process, and the implica tions for practice it presents
Developing Leaders for a Global Consumer Products Company
Authors: Conner Jill , Marquardt Michael J.
Published: March 2007

The Problem and the Solution. This chapter discusses the strategy used by a global consumer products company to develop the global leaders it will need in the twenty-first century Interviews with top executives identified six compe tencies needed-business savvy, ability to use personal influence, a global per spective, strong character, ability to motivate, and entrepreneurial skills The company's global leadership strategy includes five components-global high- potential program, executive staffing, succession planning, education and feed back, and line management overview The authors conclude with lessons learned for developing global leaders
The Origins of Sexual Offending
Authors: MARSHALL WILLIAM L. , MARSHALL LIAM E.
Published: March 2007

This article proposes that the origins of sexual offending lie in the offender's experience of poor quality childhood relationships with their parents. This is said to increase their risk of being sexually abused, which in turn, feeds into the sexual fantasies they entertain, particularly during adolescence. The juvenile sexual history of sexual offenders involves high relative rates of masturbation, which becomes a preferred way of coping with stress. These high rates of masturbating, along with a lack of self-confidence in relationships, increase the likelihood that sexual fantasies will both incorporate elements of power and control and become more deviant over time. All of this is thought to create a disposition to offend that will be released only when the male's social constraints are disinhibited and he has an opportunity to offend.
Intimate Partner Violence Against Chinese Women
Authors: XU XIAO , CAMPBELL JACQUELYN C. , ZHU FENG-CHUAN
Published: March 2007

Chinese people make up one fifth of the world's total population, yet little is known regarding the prevalence, risk factors, and health outcomes of intimate partner violence (IPV) among this population. There is a lack of public awareness as well as research about IPV in Chinese populations. Studies of IPV prevalence in the Chinese-American population are also limited. Thus, studies of IPV in Chinese populations are needed to increase the Chinese public's recognition of this social problem and its impact on women's rights and health. In order to help identify areas of needed focus for future research, this review centers on the strengths and weaknesses of existing literature on IPV in China and compares the findings with other populations. Also, knowledge about Chinese women's position in society and family, risk factors for IPV, social barriers preventing victims from receiving help, and mental and physical outcomes of IPV are reviewed.
Primer on Policy: The Legislative Process at the Federal Level
Authors: Hart Sara , Jacobson Nadine
Published: March 2007

A basic understanding of the legislative process, or how ideas become the law of the land, is indispensable for political action. With a solid knowledge of how the system works, nurses are able to determine when and how to summon up their collective voices. This article is intended as a primer for any nurse who wants to learn and understand the legislative, lawmaking process at the federal level. In addition, information will be provided that details which committees in Congress are responsible for bills that pertain to health issues.
From the Patient Room to the Board Room: An Imperative for Nursing Action
Authors: Langston Nancy F.
Published: March 2007

Traditionally, the areas of policy and politics have referred more to state and federal governmental activities than to the area of institutional governance. This article uses an academic health center as a point of reference to query a number of important issues related to institutional governance. The questions raised by the author guide readers to formulate answers to a set of questions that could ultimately serve as an impetus and rationale for expanding political influence to include institutional boards. Just as nurses have begun to engage in efforts to move from the sidelines of influencing public policy through lobbying and influencing campaigns of others running for office, to themselves being elected to public office, the case for direct participation in the governance of the business of health care must be made and systematic action to ensure nursing’s inclusion must begin.
The Nursing Care Quality Initiative and its Influence on Nurses’ Clinical Care and Professionalism: One Solution to Nurse Retention?
Authors: White Maureen T. , Smith Thomas D. , Bowar-Ferres Susan , Salinas Theresa K. , O’Connor Linda J. , Lucas Judith A. , Fitzpatrick Joyce J.
Published: March 2007

The Nursing Care Quality Initiative (NCQI) is a collaborative project between the North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System and Mount Sinai New York University Health. Eighteen patient care units within 10 hospitals are involved in the NCQI Project, which is focused on preparing staff nurses as family-centered geriatric resource nurses (FCGRNs) to improve the quality of care provided to hospitalized elders and their families. This article describes the basic program that has been implemented and focuses on the qualitative results from both anecdotal reports of family members and nurses and interviews among the FCGRNs. Preliminary results confirm the increased satisfaction among family members and the increase in knowledge of nurses and reports of enhanced professionalism. The authors link these issues of nurse retention.
Latex Backcoatings on Polypropylene Carpets: Fire Performance Testing
Authors: Hirschler Marcelo M. , Poletti Robert A.
Published: March 2007

Fire performance of a series of latex backcoatings was tested in the RHR cone calorimeter, both on their own and added on to a polypropylene carpet. Results were compared to those obtained in traditional textile flammability tests, such as MVSS 302 and NFPA 701.
Calender and Extrusion Coating of Industrial Fabrics
Authors: Nutter James I.
Published: March 2007

The calender is one of the most versatile and precise pieces of equip ment in the rubber and plastics industries. Coated industrial fabrics are produced by pressure laminating coatings to appropriately prepared fabrics with pairs of mating rolls in the calender. Of the various coating techniques, calender and extrusion coating is only one process method that one should evaluate.

This article describes the equipment generally used on the high productivity side of coating process alternatives. This equipment selection is also the most costly to buy and install. A brief overview of products, materials, markets and economics is also given.
Application of Composite Fracture Models to Coated Fabrics
Authors: Kennedy Timothy C.
Published: March 2007

The primary mode of failure in structures composed of coated fabrics is often by means of propagation of a tear or crack. Fracture models used for metal structures have generally not worked well for these materials. This investigation pro vides an evaluation of several fracture models developed for continuous fiber com posites to predict failure in coated fabrics. The inherent flaw model, the point stress model, and the modified singularity model were all found to correlate well with ex perimental data from strength testing of coated fabrics.
Specifying and Selecting Fume Oxidizers for Process Exhaust
Authors: Becht Eric
Published: March 2007

This paper focuses on important points to consider when specifying and selecting a fume oxidizer for processing.
A Correlation between Test Methods Used to Measure Moisture Vapour Transmission through Fabrics
Authors: Gretton J.C. , Brook D.B. , Dyson H.M. , Harlock S.C.
Published: March 2007

The results generated from the many methods available to measure the ability of fabrics to transmit water vapour cannot be compared directly due to dif ferent testing conditions and units of measurement.
High Performance Silicone-Coated Textiles: Developments and Applications
Authors: Schwark Joanne , Müller Johann
Published: March 2007

Silicones are used in an increasing variety of industrial textiles. The choice of a silicone fabric coating over a traditional organic coating material is generally driven by specific performance requirements For example, silicone rubber coatings are the materials ofchoice in very low temperature applications because they remain flexible at temperatures as low as -85°C. Silicones combine excellent heat and cold resistance with good weathering perfor mance, UV light stability, water repellency, good electrical properties, and flame retardance. Solventless processing may often be performed, silicone systems are available that can be proc essed with knife coating, dip coating, extrusion coating, calendering, and spray coating equip ment This paper will discuss the basic properties of silicone resin and rubber products, and compare their performance with several organic coaring materials. Some interesting niche ap plications for silicone-coated textiles include architectural fabrics, panel heaters, parachutes, and nonslip coatings.
Surface Activation of Polyester and Aramid to Improve Adhesion
Authors: Weber M.O. , Schilo D.
Published: March 2007

In this investigation polyester and aramid for tire and PVC-coated fabrics were tested. In these end-uses a strong adhesion to the coating is required: for tire yarns the adhesion to rubber is very important while for tarpaulins it is the adhe sion to PVC.
New Methods for Coating Dispersions and 100% Solid Content Polymers
Authors: Kupfer Gerd A.H.
Published: March 2007

Dispersions and 100% polymers tend to form structures on the substrates due to their higher viscosity and solid content. That has led to new coat ing methods. Two of these methods will be presented and explained:
Basic Examination and Development of Joint Constructions for Making-Up Textile Laminates
Authors: Rabe M. , Rodel H. , Herzberg C. , Braeter K.
Published: March 2007

Textile laminates can be adapted to specific applications by a care fully directed selection of different fabrics and/or polymer sheets before the fabric- to-fabric bonding or lamination. Besides the mechanical properties described by the stress-strain-performance, the properties to be emphasised include the barrier behav iour against moisture, liquid, bacteria, heat and/or electrical energy.
A New Beginning in the Fabric Laminating Industry-Reactive PUR Adhesives
Authors: Green Derek
Published: March 2007

Reactive Hot Melt Adhesives (RHM, PURHM) have been avail able for more than 10 years but have rarely been used for wide web lamination (1 metre+). In the early days of their introduction and until the last few years most product offerings were inherently unstable in terms of heat stability resulting in large rises in viscosity and in extreme cases gelation.

We will examine the chemistry of these products and discuss our latest advance, which we call Accelerated Curing Technology (ATTM), which coupled with a new innovative method of application, has resulted in a fabric laminator now fully uti lising this system within the ladies underwear and garment sectors.

We will discuss the history of bonding systems with particular reference to the replacement of solvent borne PURs. The actual benefits derived from the system as seen by the user will also be discussed. The methods of application of RHM ad hesives will be discussed along with their associated strengths and weaknesses.
A Reexamination of Congressional Primary Turnout
Authors: EZRA MARNI
Published: March 2007

Using original data and ordinary least squares regression analysis, this article examines primary turnout for elections to the House of Representatives in 1992 and 1994. These data are compared to earlier estimates of primary turnout that used a substitute measure. The author finds that the previous measure biased regression coefficients, inaccurately estimating the impact of political party and overestimating the influence of some variables while failing to capture the effects of others. Future research ought to rely on the new measure, used here, because substantive conclusions drawn from analyses that use the old measure are in jeopardy.
The Legitimacy-conferring Authority of the U.S. Supreme Court
Authors: CLAWSON ROSALEE A. , KEGLER ELIZABETH R. , WALTENBURG ERIC N.
Published: March 2007

Convention holds that the Supreme Court, because of its special constitutional role, can confer an element of legitimacy on a policy simply by endorsing it. In this study, we conducted an experiment to test the legitimacy-conferring effect of Court rulings on public opinion in two policy areas—affirmative action and regulation of phone rates. We found that in both cases, the Supreme Court had an impact on policy agreement and behavioral intentions that was moderated by other important variables. We conclude that the Supreme Court plays an important role in shaping public opinion and political behavior.
Explaining Campaign Intensity
Authors: SULKIN TRACY
Published: March 2007

This article develops and tests a causal model of campaign intensity in U.S. Senate elections. Although campaign intensity has received a considerable amount of scholarly attention in recent years, no study has explicitly attempted to model the factors contributing to varying levels of intensity across campaigns. This article draws on data from the NES 1988-1992 Pooled Senate Election Study, a content analysis of newspaper coverage of Senate races, and a data set of candidates' positions across a wide variety of issue dimensions to develop and test a model of intensity. Results indicate that aspects of incumbent vulnerability, challenger quality, and the political environment all significantly influence intensity levels.
Expenditures in the American States
Authors: Feig Douglas G.
Published: March 2007

Two models of the impact of legislative reapportionment upon state expenditures are developed and fitted to data in two expenditure areas for all 50 of the states. This fitting of the data to the models is accomplished via the use of dummy variable regression analysis. Statistical tests are used to show that reapportionment had an impact on state aid to local education in about one-half of the states and on state expenditures for public welfare in nearly all of the states.
Issue Publics and Voter Choice
Authors: Maggiotto Michael A. , Piereson James E.
Published: March 2007

Political scientists have assumed that dividing the electorate into issue publics, on the basis of salient issues, leads to a better understanding of the relationships between issues and both candidate evaluations and electoral choice. This portrait accords nicely with the description offered by pluralists of the operation of the electoral arena. Our data suggest that, at least in 1972, the portrait is flawed. Using a variety of multivariate tech niques we show that salience fails to sharpen the impact of issues and that electoral choice was, fundamentally, a question of candidate images.
The Marginality Hypothesis
Authors: Bartlett Robert V.
Published: March 2007

The issue of legislative pay raises offers several advantages as a perspective from which to study the connection between voting behavior and electoral insecurity (the marginality hypothesis). The incentives for voting either yes or no are obvious and allow us to employ the powerful assumptions of self-interest in our analysis. Data for the Ninety-Fifth Congress supports the hypothesis that electorally secure legislators are more likely to support a pay raise than are less electorally secure legislators.
Community Decision-Making Systems
Authors: Getter Russell W. , Cigler Allan J.
Published: March 2007

This study examines the proposition that an area's recruitment culture may be an im portant intervening factor between community characteristics and the policy attitudes of elected decision makers. The research departs from previous studies in that it attempts to look at partisanship and the recruitment of local officials as a cultural, rather than strictly legal, phenomenon. In analyzing both aggregate and survey data gathered in Wisconsin counties, it was found that, in spite of legal nonpartisanship, there was much variation among the counties in terms of partisan factors surrounding decisions to seek public office, and that variation in recruitment cultures seemed to be related in systematic ways to the collective policy preferences of county boards.
Policy Responsiveness To the Black Electorate
Authors: Bullock Charles S. , MacManus Susan A.
Published: March 2007

The relationship between the black voting age population (BVAP) and legislative responsiveness to black policy interests is explored in the context of the Mississippi House of Representatives. Roll call votes on redistributive social welfare programs are used as a measure of black policy preferences. Since blacks are usually not numerous enough to control legislative bodies and since no redistricting scheme can guarantee a black legislative majority in any state, their policy preferences become public only if supported by a coalition of black and white representatives. We find that the relationship between BVAP and legislative responsiveness is curvilinear, with support lowest among legislators representing districts 25% to 29.9% black. Support for redistributive legislation goes up as BVAP increases and then remains high for districts with BVAPs from 40% to 54.9%. Generational replacement, but not the incidence of poverty in a constituency, is also associated with legislative responsiveness to black policy interests.
State Supreme Court Elections
Authors: Atkins Burton , DeZee Matthew , Eckert William
Published: March 2007

The literature on judicial elections in the United States is virtually unanimous in its assessment of voter interest and turnout; most studies show that judicial elections do not provide voters with the sort of salient cues that generate interest and participation in elections for positions on the bench. For this reason, the elections for seats on the Florida Supreme Court in 1976 provide an enlightening context for evaluating the effect of voter cues in low saliency elections. Those elections represented a quiet landmark in American electoral politics inasmuch as it was the first time since Reconstruction that a black had been elected to statewide office in the South. We use this context to evaluate the impact of a black candidate in drawing black voters to participate in an otherwise low-saliency judicial election. Our data, drawn from statewide sampling of Florida election precincts, show that voters in predominantly black precincts participated in substantially higher proportions in the race with a black candidate than they did in other races for the Supreme Court. We also explore the patterns of support for the black candidate in the context of circumstances that encourage or impede participation in low-saliency nonpartisan elections.
Support for Business in the Federal District Courts
Authors: Feiock Richard C.
Published: March 2007

Despite extensive literature relating local socioeconomic and political environments to economic outputs of state legislatures and administrative agencies, there has been no comparable study of the impact of local environmental factors on economic policy outcomes of either state or federal trial courts. This article begins to fill this research lacuna by examining the combined and relative effects of state economic development policies and judicial background on federal district courts' economic policymaking. Probusiness state development policies are found to be positively related to support for business in federal district court decisions. Conclusions regarding the impact of environmental factors on district court policy outcomes are offered along with a comparison of this research with the larger and more developed body of state and local policy research.
Evangelicals and Political Tolerance
Authors: Wilcox Clyde , Jelen Ted
Published: March 2007

The article explores four possible explanations for the lower levels of political tolerance of evangelical Christians. First, these differences could be spurious, due to demographic differences. Second, evangelicals may be less tolerant of atheists, homosexuals, and communists, but more tolerant of groups on the other side of the political spectrum, suggesting a group effect. Third, evangelical intolerance may be the result of higher levels of religiosity. Finally, the religious doctrine of evangelicals may produce greater levels of intolerance. Using data from a national survey on tolerance and from the General Social Survey, the article concludes that demographic variables and religiosity are partial explanations for the greater intolerance of evangelicals. Group affect seems to play no role: evangelicals are less tolerant of communists, atheists, racists, and militarists. Finally, religious doctrine plays a major role in explaining evangelical intolerance.
The Law Clerks' Recommendations and Chief Justice Vinson's Vote on Certiorari
Authors: Brenner Saul , Palmer Jan
Published: March 2007

There is continuing speculation about the impact of the law clerks' recommendations on the case selection process of the U. S. Supreme Court. Until recently, the unavailability of consistent information on both the clerks' recommendations and the justices' case selection votes precluded any empirical analysis. This study uses information gathered from the justices' private papers to compare the recommendations of Chief Justice Vinson's clerks with the certiorari votes cast by the justices during the Vinson era. The analyses of these recommendations and votes show that Vinson's clerks were trying to anticipate the chief justice's votes but that they displayed a liberal orientation during the first part of Vinson's tenure. During the second part of the Vinson era, when the Court had a more conservative membership, there is no indication of a liberal orientation in the clerks' recommendations.
Tax Policy and Spending Policy
Authors: Ippolito Dennis S.
Published: March 2007

Most efforts to develop a theory of tax policy change have emphasized institutional, procedural, and partisan explanations. By contrast, very little attention has been directed toward the budgetary context within which tax policy is determined. The long-term evolution of federal income tax policy, however, demonstrates the importance of budgetary context and constraints, and this relationship is particularly evident in the case of the Tax Reform Act of 1986. Passage of this comprehensive reform measure depended on a revenue-neutral standard that ignored the traditional norms governing aggregate revenue levels.