bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Dive into Machine Learning: Meta-Analysis and AI Chatbot Development
Authors: Jsowd Kyldo
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of machine learning techniques, with a specific focus on meta-analysis and its application in AI chatbot development. The field of AI chatbots has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, driven by the growing availability of large datasets and the emergence of powerful deep learning models. However, the evaluation and improvement of chatbot performance remain ongoing challenges. In this study, we delve into the concept of meta-analysis and its potential in addressing these challenges. We provide an overview of machine learning techniques, including deep learning models and their applications in chatbot development. We discuss the significance of evaluating chatbot performance and the limitations of traditional evaluation approaches. Subsequently, we introduce the concept of meta-analysis and its role in advancing chatbot development. we delve into the methodology of conducting meta-analysis in chatbot research. We explore data collection techniques, data preprocessing, and feature extraction methods specific to meta-analysis. We also examine the selection and training of deep learning models for meta-analysis.
PREDIKSI KOMPUTASI OBAT TRADISIONAL SULAWESI SELATAN Curcuma zanthorrhiza SEBAGAI BIOAKTIF SENYAWA ANTI KANKER
Authors: Putri Sitti Nurwahida Yanti
Published: July 2023

Temulawak atau Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb merupakan tumbuhan yang sangat umum dikenal di Indonesia, bahkan di dunia. Tanaman ini merupakan tanaman obat yang banyak dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat Sulawesi Selatan untuk menyembuhkan berbagai macam penyakit. ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui senyawa dan potensi bioaktivitasnya menggunakan pendekatan database melalui website http://kanaya.naist.jp/knapsack_jsp/top.html dan http://www.way2drug.com/ . Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat 2 senyawa yang terkandung dalam tanaman temulawak yaitu Kurkumin dan Monodemethoxycurcumin. Berdasarkan penapisan potensi bioaktivitas, ditemukan 25 potensi yang meliputi Anti kanker, Anti mikroba, Anti jamur, Anti inflamasi, Anti viral-HIV1, Anti obesitas, anti oksidan, antimisin, Anti mutagenik, anti hepatotoksik, Anti kolekstatik, Sex hormone regulator, anti glikasi, anti porter, anti tumor, anti hyperkolesterol, anti- CTGF, dan anti dermatitis. Oleh karena itu Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb memiliki potensi yang besar untuk dikembangkan di bidang farmasi berbasis kearifan lokal masyarakat Sulawesi Selatan.
Building Next-Generation Chatbots: The Synergy of Deep Learning and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jsowd Kyldo
Published: July 2023

Building Next-Generation Chatbots: The Synergy of Deep Learning and Meta-Analysis
Cognitive Adaptations in Career Decision-Making Among Chinese Undergraduates During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Duong Thi Minh Phuong
Published: July 2023

The authors of this article use the mindsponge theory to understand better the cognitive dynamics underlying the challenges Chinese undergraduates face in making career decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Hard Problem, Revisited: Adversarial Collaboration Can’t Overcome Mainstream Consciousness Science’s Axiomatic Assumption that ‘0 = 1’
Authors: Rosseinsky Nicholas Martin
Published: July 2023

Biology and psychology have replication issues. 'Adversarial collaboration', where advocates of competing hypotheses cooperate on experiments, may help resolve these - if sub-optimal design is their source! But in mainstream consciousness science, the real origin of protracted problems is an inherently-contradictory, '0 = 1', assumption, in current field-foundations. Here, a mathematical-system analogy is used to explain serious and unresolved flaws in the basic methodology of current consciousness science, and to explore ways to fix them. Because of perceived links between consciousness and intelligence, these flaws profoundly affect science’s ability to offer coherent societal commentary on continuing developments in AI.
Assessing ‘Readiness’ by Tracking Fluctuations in Daily Sleep Duration and their Effects on Daily Mood, Motivation, and Sleepiness
Authors: Alyssa Ng Shi Ching , Massar Stijn , Bei Bei , Chee Michael W.L.
Published: July 2023

Study Objectives: Consumer sleep trackers issue daily guidance on ‘readiness’ without clear empirical basis. We investigated how self-rated mood, motivation, and sleepiness (MMS) levels are affected by daily fluctuations in sleep duration, timing, and efficiency and overall sleep regularity. We also determined how temporally specific these associations are.Methods: 119 healthy university students (64 female, mean age=22.54±1.74 years) wore a wearable sleep tracker and undertook twice-daily smartphone-delivered ecological momentary assessment of mood, motivation, and sleepiness at post-wake and pre-bedtime timings for 2-6 weeks. Naps and their duration were reported daily. Nocturnal sleep on 2471 nights were examined using multilevel models to uncover within-subject and between-subject associations between sleep duration, timing, efficiency, and nap duration on following day MMS ratings. Time-lagged analyses examined the temporal specificity of these associations. Linear regression models investigated associations between MMS ratings and sleep variability, controlling for sleep duration.Results: Nocturnal sleep durations were short (6.03±0.71h), and bedtimes were late (1:42AM±1:05). Within-subjects, nocturnal sleep longer than a person’s average was associated with better mood, higher motivation, and lower sleepiness after waking. Effects of such longer sleep duration lingered for mood and sleepiness till the pre bedtime window (all ps<.005) but did not extend to the next day. Between-subjects, higher intraindividual sleep variability, but not sleep duration, was associated with poorer mood and lower motivation after waking. Longer average sleep duration was associated with less sleepiness after waking and lower motivation pre-bedtime (all ps<.05). Longer naps reduced post-nap sleepiness and improved mood. Controlling for nocturnal sleep duration, longer naps also associated with lower post-waking sleepiness on the following day.Conclusions: Positive connections between nocturnal sleep and nap duration with MMS are temporally circumscribed, lending credence to the construction of sleep-based, daily ‘readiness’ scores. Higher sleep duration variability lowers an individual’s post waking mood and motivation.
Methods for Improving Participation Rates in National Self-Administered Web/Mail Surveys: Evidence from the United States
Authors: West Brady , Zhang Shiyu , Wagner James , Gatward Rebecca , Saw Htay-Wah , Axinn William G.
Published: July 2023

In the United States, increasing access to the internet, the increasing costs of large-scale face-to-face data collections, and the general reluctance of the public to participate in intrusive in-person data collections all mean that new approaches to nationally representative surveys are urgently needed. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the need for faster, higher-quality alternatives to face-to-face data collection. These trends place a high priority on the evaluation of innovative web-based data collection methods that are convenient for the U.S. public and yield scientific information of high quality. The web mode is particularly appealing because it is relatively inexpensive, it is logistically flexible to implement, and it affords a high level of privacy and confidentiality when correctly implemented. With this study, we aimed to conduct a methodological evaluation of a sequential mixed-mode web/mail data collection protocol, including modular survey design concepts, which was implemented on a national probability sample in the U.S. in 2020-2021. We implemented randomized experiments to test theoretically-informed hypotheses that 1) the use of mail and increased incentives to follow up with households that did not respond to an invitation to complete a household screening questionnaire online would help to recruit different types of households; and 2) the use of modular survey design, which involves splitting a lengthy self-administered survey up into multiple parts that can be completed at a respondent’s convenience, would improve survey completion rates. We find support for the use of mail and increased incentives to follow up with households that have not responded to a web-based screening questionnaire. We did not find support for the use of modular design in this context. Simple descriptive analyses also suggest that attempted telephone reminders may be helpful for the main survey.
An Echocardiographic Evaluation of Cardiopulmonary Evaluation of Cardiopulmonary Functions in Patients with Cirrhosis of Liver and Correlation with Severity of Disease
Authors: Panthi Hari Prasad , Koirala Dinesh , Pathak Rahul , Bhandari Brindeswari Kafle , Jha Anurag , Hamal Rabin , Bhusal Mohan , Lamsal Manoj , Gyawali Susmita
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND Cirrhosis is the end result of varieties of chronic liver disease. A large proportion of patients with cirrhosis develop cardiopulmonary complication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiopulmonary functions of patient with cirrhosis of liver and to correlate these abnormalities with CTP and MELD score.

METHODS The study involved 81 cirrhotic patients admitted in Department of Gastroenterology of TUTH over a period of one year. The diagnosis of cirrhosis was established and clinical evaluation and investigation done.

RESULTS The mean age of cirrhotic patients included in the study was 52 years. Alcohol was most common cause of cirrhosis (75.31%). The mean CTP score and MELD score was 10.02±1.77 and 23.59±7.53 respectively. Thirty patients (37.03%) had prolonged QTc interval, which had statistically significant association with alcohol as etiology of cirrhosis (p = 0.04). More than half (50.62%) of patients had diastolic dysfunction but it was not statistically significantly associated with CTP and MELD-Na score. Seven patients had evidence of intrapulmonary shunting, which had statistically significant association with MELD-Na score (p =0.01). Similarly, total 5 patients (6.17%) had PPHTN but there was no statistically significant association with CTP and MELD-Na score. Seventeen patients had dilated left atrium with no statistically significant association with CTP score and MELD-Na score.

CONCLUSION There was significant incidence of cardiopulmonary abnormalities in cirrhotic patients. Every patient with decompensated cirrhosis irrespective of severity of disease should be evaluated for cardiopulmonary complication with a noninvasive, real-time, rapid imaging transthoracic contrast echocardiography.
A study on demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of severe acute pancreatitis in a tertiary-level intensive care unit in Nepal
Authors: Khanal Kishor , Poudel Saroj , Ghimire Anup , Regmi Ashim , Khadka Bikash , Bist Manoj , Shrestha Sanjeet Krishna , Sharma Rabin , Shrestha Umid Kumar
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Severe acute pancreatitis can have serious consequences and a high mortality rate and may necessarily require intensive care unit admission. This study is to describe the demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in a tertiary-level intensive care unit (ICU).
METHODS The study was designed retrospectively with a diagnosis of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) admitted to the tertiary-level adult ICU “between” January 2019 to December 2022.
RESULTS A total of 52 patients were enrolled in this study. The maximum numbers of patients were between 41 to 52 years of age, with a median age of 47.6 years. Gallstone (biliary) was identified as the most important etiological factor associated with severe acute pancreatitis. Among the known etiological factors, 52% of the cases were related to gallstone disease, 28.8% were due to alcohol, 7 (13.4%) to other causes (such as idiopathic, post-viral, post-ERCP, and drug-induced), and 5.7% were due to triglycerides. In our study, the most common symptoms were abdominal pain and vomiting. And the majority of patients recovered with conservative treatment. The majority 48 (92.3%) of patients improved, while 4 (7.6%) died. Eighteen (34.6%) patients required Mechanical ventilation (MV), while 10 (19%) with vasopressor supports. Eleven patients (21%) had evidence of an acute kidney injury on admission. Three patients (5.7%) underwent surgery, including necrosectomy and open cholecystectomy. The median length of ICU stay was 6.3 days.
CONCLUSIONS The most common cause of severe acute pancreatitis was gallstone, followed by alcohol-related. SAP was seen more commonly in the male gender in the age group of 41-52 years. The most common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain and vomiting. Most SAP cases could be managed conservatively.
Knowledge Regarding Evidence-Based Guidelines on Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Prevention Bundle among Critical Care Nurses
Authors: Pokhrel Khushi , Dhami Kabita , Shah Nisha Kumari , K.C. Nyamika , K.C. Mamta , Shah Pammi
Published: July 2023

Background: In critical care units, ventilator-associated pneumonia is still a frequent and possibly fatal consequence of ventilator therapy. Choosing the most urgent care and knowing how to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia may help nurses become more alert, which will improve the quality of care and prevent a serious problem in Nepal. Thus, this study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding evidence-based guidelines on ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention bundle among critical care nurses.

Materials and Methods: Data were collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire using the non-probability total enumerative sampling technique among 132 critical care nurses. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20. For descriptive statistics frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were calculated. For inferential statistics, the Chi-square test was used to find out the association between the levels of knowledge regarding Evidence-Based Guidelines on the VAP Prevention Bundle among Critical Care Nurses.

Results: One hundred and thirty-two critical nurses participated in this study. 51.5 % had a poor level of knowledge, whereas, 45.5 % had an average level of knowledge and only 3.0 % had a good level of knowledge. There was a statistically significant association between the level of knowledge and the respondents’ working experience.

Conclusion: According to the study's findings, the majority of respondents had inadequate knowledge. Regular formal training and interactive educational sessions are required to evaluate knowledge of the VAP prevention bundle, particularly in light of the high nurse turnover rate.
Methanolic Extract of Sikari Laharo (Periploca calophylla) has Analgesic Properties
Authors: Adhikari J , Thapaliya S , Shah M.K. , Singh S , Paudyal N
Published: July 2023

Avaibale within the full article
Safety and Immunogenicity of ND Vaccines Used in Nepal
Authors: Marahatta S , Upadhyaya N , Shah S , Sedhai S , Sharma P , Dhakal S
Published: July 2023

Viral infections, including Newcastle disease (ND), constitute a major health problem in the rapidly growing poultry industry of Nepal. Despite regular vaccination in the commercial farms, ND virus (NDV) outbreaks are frequently reported raising concern over the safety and immunogenicity of live-attenuated vaccines being used. This study was performed to compare the safety and immunogenicity of four commercially available ND vaccines in Nepal after administration at recommended (1X) and higher (10X) dose. There was no safety concern associated with the use of lentogenic live-attenuated ND vaccines even at higher dose. A varying degree of antibody response was observed at recommended and higher doses with the thermostable I-2 vaccine outperforming other groups. A higher dose did not improve antibody response except for the F1 vaccine. To prevent widespread outbreaks in future, regular molecular surveillance to identify the circulating strains of NDV together with the periodic evaluation of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of commercial vaccines is necessary in Nepal.
Prevalence of Gastro-intestinal Helminthiasis in Cattle of Madi Valley, Chitwan
Authors: Bastakoti R , Paudel SP , Pandey A , Acharya MP
Published: July 2023

Cattle is one of the leading species of domestic livestock in Nepal. The helminthic diseases are common in livestock with varied occurrence. This study was carried out to find the prevalence and risk factor associated with gastro-intestinal helminth parasites in 304 fecal samples of cattle of Madi Valley, Chitwan, Nepal. Rectal sample were collected in zip lock plastic bag containing in 10% formalin and preserved in refrigerator before examination. Sedimentation and floatation techniques were used for the detection of helminth parasites. The overall prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminth was found to be 51.32%. The parasitic infection of trematode was 39%, cestode 13% and nematode 48%. In the trematode group, Fasciola sp. 4.61%, Paramphistomum sp. 15.13%, Dicrocoelium sp. 1.64%, Schistosoma sp. 0.66% and Bilharzia sp. 0.99% were prevalent. Among cestode, only Moniezia sp. was observed with infection rate of 7.89%. Nematode included Strongyloides sp. 3.95%, Trichostrongylus sp. 7.24%, Toxocara sp. 3.95%, Oesophagostomum sp. 1.97%, Haemonchus sp. 4.28%, Cooperia sp. 1.97%, Bunostomum sp 0.66%, Nematodirus sp 0.99% and others 3.29%. Mixed infections were observed in 17% of positive samples. Sex and age group showed statistically significant difference. Male have higher prevalence than that of female (P<0.05). Potential risk factor like farmer’s group, water source, body condition score, grazing and rearing system, purpose of animal rearing and last date of drenching showed significant association on prevalence of parasite. Cattle of Madi valley, Chitwan had shown wide range of helminthiasis in cattle.
Study of Canine Babesiosis in Pet and Stray Dogs of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Gautam A , Regmi C , Neupane P , Shah S , Prasai TP
Published: July 2023

Canine babesiosis is caused by protozoan parasites which is usually transmitted via various species of ticks. The parasites ultimately parasitize the erythrocytes of host body, resulting in fever, anemia, and hemoglobinuria. From June 2021 to September 2021, a cross-sectional study using the purposive sampling method was conducted. A total of 140 samples were collected from dogs and were examined for the presence of Babesia spp. using thin blood smear test stained in Giemsa. Regression analysis was done to compare categorical and outcome variables. The overall prevalence of babesiosis was found to be 14.3%. The result showed significantly higher prevalence of babesiosis in tick infected dogs (p<0.05). Sex, age, type and breed wise prevalence were found to be statistically insignificant (p>0.05). In hematological parameters, RBC, Hb, PCV, and platelets declined significantly in positive cases (p<0.05). In TLC, the changes in the Babesia positive cases were statistically insignificant (p>0.05), whereas in DLC of the infected cases, changes only in neutrophils and lymphocytes were statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean temperature in positive cases was found to be 103.44±0.69. This research intends to add some information on the status of babesiosis inside Kathmandu valley with majorly concluding ticks as major cause of diseases. Tick control is therefore critical in order to reduce the prevalence.
Comparative Study of Growth and Survival of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on Different Feed Types
Authors: Ahir SY , Chaudhary R , Maraseni A , Karki NP
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to compare the growth and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with three different feed types: homemade feed (control), commercial feed, and earthworm-enriched feed. A total of 135 Nile tilapia with an average weight of 6.2 g and length of 6.5 cm were stocked in 9 hapas, with 15 fish per hapa. The fish were reared for 62 days, and growth performance, survival rate, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. The results showed that the final average weight and length of Nile tilapia fed with earthworm-enriched feed were higher than those fed with homemade and commercial feed. The highest mean weight gain (18.45 g) and mean length gain (4.7 cm) were observed in Nile tilapia fed with earthworm-enriched feed (T3R1). The FCR of Nile tilapia fed with earthworm-enriched feed (1.65) was lower than that of the other two groups. Moreover, the survival rate of Nile tilapia fed with earthworm-enriched feed was 100%, while the survival rate of Nile tilapia fed with homemade and commercial feed was 93.3% and 66.7%, respectively. In conclusion, earthworm-enriched feed showed superior performance in terms of growth and survival rate of Nile tilapia. This feed type can be considered as a potential alternative to the traditional homemade and commercial feed in the aquaculture industry. Further studies on the economic feasibility of using earthworm enriched feed for Nile tilapia are recommended.
From Bastuhara to Immigrati: Resistance and Refugee Solidarity in Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide and Gun Island
Authors: De Asis , Misra Maitrayee
Published: July 2023

Refugees exist throughout human history, though it is after the British imperial collapse that the term ‘refugee’ finds currency in South Asia. This paper shows how refugee solidarity finds different expressions in the face of resistance and securitization in two of Amitav Ghosh’s novels ˗ from the state-sponsored genocide of refugees in the regime of a left-wing government in The Hungry Tide, to the right-wing resistance denying the entry of immigrants stranded on the Italian coastline of the Mediterranean in Gun Island. This paper also unfolds how politicization of issues like sheltering and socializing the refugees affects the idea of solidarity: the indifference of civic society to state-sponsored atrocities against the refugees in The Hungry Tide stands in contrast with the support extended to illegal immigrants by the human rights activists despite the opposition of “right-wing, anti-immigrant groups” in Gun Island. Finally, the paper reflects how, in this age of economic globalization, digital media appears more powerful than any doctrinaire ideology of the ‘dispossessed’ in managing refugees’ solidarity.
The Echoes of Subaltern’s Misery in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner
Authors: Wagle Prakash
Published: July 2023

In his magnum opus, The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini mirrors the misery and dehumanization of indefensible Hazaras, an ethnic group of Afghanistan. The novel illustrates the pathetic conditions of the Hazaras as a subaltern minority in the background of the political turmoil in Afghanistan. As marginalized people, they endure both physical and psychological oppression imposed by the Pashtuns, who believe themselves as superior and consider the Hazaras as others. Though the Hazaras are suppressed with physical violence, verbal abuse, slavery, genocide, etc., they are found indefensible in behaviour. Their silence to social domination points to how the mainstream history has gauged the voice of lower strata working class peasants in Afghanistan. The paper aims to explore the misery of Hazaras as a subaltern group, illuminating their endurance in response to injustice imposed on them. It primarily focuses upon the silence of Ali and Hassan to injustice and discrimination which signifies them as subaltern characters. The paper employs subaltern approaches as suggested by Antonio Gramsci, Ranajit Guha and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. The paper ultimately agrees with the view of Spivak that subalterns cannot speak for their rights and justice.
Examining Academic Procrastination among College Students in Relation to Academic Satisfaction: A Correlational Study
Authors: Bhat Sartaj Ahmad , Jan Kounsar
Published: July 2023

Today, academic procrastination is a prevalent issue that negatively impacts students' academic performance and well-being. This paper presents a correlational study aimed at exploring the relationship between academic procrastination and academic satisfaction among college students. The research included 800 college students from various Government degree colleges in the Kashmir Division, representing different genders and academic streams. The participants were chosen using the method of stratified random sampling. The data were analyzed using correlation analysis to examine the associations between these variables. This study utilized an Academic Procrastination Scale by Gupta and Bashir (2018) and a self-constructed Academic Satisfaction questionnaire, administered ethically in a real classroom setting. The data were analyzed using descriptive & inferential statistics, and correlation analysis to examine the associations between the two constructs. These techniques were performed using SPSS version 26 to thoroughly examine the dataset. Finally, the findings show that there are significant differences between gender and academic streams when it comes to academic procrastination and academic satisfaction among college students. This means that male and female students, as well as students in different academic streams (i.e., arts, science and others), experience varying levels of procrastination and satisfaction with their academic performance. Moreover, this study aims to provide valuable insights for educators, counselors, and administrators in developing targeted interventions to promote productive academic behaviors and enhance student satisfaction with their educational experiences.
THE INDIGENOUS SUBJECT IN LAW: AT THE INTERSECTION OF THE CARTESIAN SUBJECTIVITY AND THE RULE
Authors: Babuśka Jakub
Published: July 2023

This paper addresses a key question raised by the tension between the subject of normative law and indigenous, collective systems. Within the framework of the Lacanian psychoanalysis, the author explores Cartesian specificity of a legal subject. He argues that structural nature of that legal construct not only affects an individual ontologically but also reorients the dialectics inherent in legal dogmatism. Following Baudrillardian thought, it is assumed in the paper that the total opposition to normative law is not the absence of law but rather the Rule. The Rule is a concept engaging the individual into dialectics of a game and at the same time ruling out any sense of inherently legal transgression. However, the context of indigenous systems based on the Rule, besides amplifying an alienating effect of the individualization of responsibility, also explains the incongruity of normative law in some cultural contexts. The failure to integrate indigenous, traditional and local legal systems into the post-colonial normative discourse is just one of many illustrations of this. As an exemplary case, the author evokes injustice (in the Lyotardian sense) resulting from litigation simultaneously based both on Brahmanical marriage rules and the Hindu Code Bill. In its final part, the text summarises the impasses of the legal dialogue with indigenous rules and the ways of emancipation for an individual imbedded in the Cartesian subjectivity, which are inspired by transcultural encounters.
INDIGENOUS RIGHTS AS A FIELD OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Thornhill Chris
Published: July 2023

This paper sets out a new reconstruction of indigenous rights as a field of sociological research. Questioning the dominant pluralist paradigm in such inquiry, it claims that indigenous rights are primarily the results, not of socially embedded customs, but of interactions between international law and national law. It then proceeds to explain that, to capture such rights, a focus on social integration and national citizenship is required. It uses this framework to explain indigenous rights as elements of a global legal order that facilitates the construction of citizenship, especially in societies in which citizenship has been subject to deep strain.
THE CONCEPT OF DELINQUENCY IN MESOAMERICA: FOCUS ON THE AZTECS AND THE MAYA
Authors: Deptała Natalia
Published: July 2023

This paper focuses on the concept of delinquency in addition to prevention and suppression methods and the idea of guilt in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, while treating its inhabitants as highly-developed indigenous peoples. The first section of the study examines the ideas of law and justice in terms of the particular policies that shape people’s way of life in every society. The premise for addressing law in this manner is that one can only comprehend it via ongoing experience. The main focus of this paper is placed on the earlier timeline, when two crucial civilisations existed in Mesoamerica. Both the Maya and the Aztecs built vast, densely inhabited, and extremely efficient empires. However, even a large human society cannot function without order and there is no order without law. Committing a crime or a tort is incompatible with the desirable values and norms that govern the society and causes harm and hazard. Taking into consideration also the detrimental consequences of a forbidden act, the psychological determination of the delinquent and his or her personal attitude towards the act, the concepts of guilt and shame cultures should be brought to attention. From a historical point of view, a delinquent’s feeling of guilt was given consideration during criminal trials in Europe as early as in the Middle Ages, while in Mesoamerica this concept had already existed. Furthermore, some of pre-Columbian Mesoamericans distinguished between intentional and accidental acts, which had an impact of final judgments.
Health Determinants and Outcomes among Women Lawyers: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Guertin Rachel , Cadieux Nathalie , Gingues Martine
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of health and associated outcomes for women lawyers. It was also to identify promising avenues of research to improve the legal profession for women. The systematic literature review was conducted using five databases. Papers were first selected by eliminating the duplicates, then by analyzing the title and abstract, and, finally, by reading the papers in full. Twenty-six articles met the inclusive and exclusive criteria. Women lawyers’ health determinants fall under four main categories: working conditions, organizational culture, psychological violence at work, and health determinants outside of work. The outcomes were separated into three categories: physical outcomes, psychological outcomes, and work-related outcomes. The conclusions of this study show the significant difficulties women face advancing in their career and balancing their work and family responsibilities.
Ways to solve the problem of cross-language contacts during the organization of international checkers
Authors: Hubariev Igor , Hubarieva Anastasiia
Published: July 2023

The problem of cross-language contacts during international checkers competitions, which always played a decisive role in determining the country and city of various world and European youth championships, and was one of the reasons for their small number in the territories of the former CIS countries, was investigated.

It is shown the possibility of its solution, by involving during production translation practice, with the aim of breaking down the language barrier, specialists who speak several languages, are able to play the role of a mediator in the communication of representatives of different language groups and ensure their mutual understanding.

The irrefutable historical facts of the repeated holding by the World International Checkers Federation and the European Checkers Confederation on the territory of only one Ukrainian city in the period from 2005 to 2012 of world and European level competitions due to the solution of the competition organizers to the problem of cross-language adaptation of athletes have been proven.

The factors that influenced the process of accelerated adaptation of foreign athletes at world competitions and became an important stage and guarantee of holding the next international competitions on the territory of the city of Kamianske are given.

Consolidation of students in the existing sections of the bases of practice of international competitions took place taking into account the manifestation in them during their studies at the university of the necessary psychological qualities that could be most needed in one or another environment and ensure free mastery of all types of speech activity in a foreign language.

It has been proven that without perfect knowledge and mastery of professional English terminology, a full-fledged sports activity in any kind of sport is impossible.
Fractography of Ancient Metallic Artifacts, and Restoration and Conservation Aspects
Authors: Wanhill Russell J.H. , Oudbashi Omid
Published: July 2023

This article discusses fractures and cracks due to ancient artifact weaknesses. It provides several case studies to aid the appreciation of fractography as a diagnostic technique and to understand the importance of cracking. These case histories concern ancient gold and silver alloys, bronzes, and wrought irons. The article considers the applicabilities of fractography, metallography, and chemical analyses in answering archaeological and archaeometallurgical questions. The article also discusses the restoration and conservation of corroded and embrittled artifacts, including the use of coatings.
Dasan Jeong Yak-yong’s ‘sang(象)’: Focusing on Linguistic Perception and Interpretational Structure of the Book of Songs
Authors:   THE  TAEDONG  CENTER  FOR  EASTERN  CLASSICS, KIM Su-kyoung
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine Dasan’s perception of ‘sang(象)’ reflected in Dasan’s discussion on Chinese character, Classical Chinese interpretation, language conversion, etc., and based on this, was to identify Dasan’s perception of ‘sang’ reflected in his interpretation on the Book of Songs in a more three- dimensional way. Looking at the composition of the interpretational structure of Confucian Classics, the meaning of ‘sang’ appearing in Dasan’s interpretation of the Book of Songs and the Book of Change has several characteristics. First, Dasan’s thinking through the ‘sang’ corresponds to the part that can effectively confirm his imaginal thinking. Second, Dasan’s ‘sang’ as an interpretational structure of Confucian Classics can be regarded as one of the organic interpretational structures that penetrates the interpretation of Chinese Character and exegesis. Third, Dasan’s ‘sang’ as an interpretational structure of Confucian Classics contains both the strictness of the ancient texts pursued in the interpretation of Chinese Character and exegesis and the ‘tasty’ sensibility of the appreciation embodied by the ‘sang’. Among them, the ‘Sing things to compare things(詠物喩事)’ in the Book of Change closely intersects with the part mentioned as Bixing(比興) in the Book of Songs. Fourth, one of Dasan’s perspectives on Bixing, which Xing taken in the Book of Songs often simultaneously contains plural meanings(詩之取興多有兼含數意), can be understood in connection with the one-to-many correspondence in his perception of ‘sang’ in the Book of Change. From the above features, we can confirm that Dasan’s perception of ‘sang’ as an interpretational structure of the Book of Songs reflects Dasan’s unique aspect of thinking, that is to say, it is linked to his perception of ‘sang’ in the Book of Change, at the same time combining his analysis on Chinese Character analysis, understanding on exegesis, and perception on language conversion(translation).
The Problem of Self-Identity and Alterity in the History of Korean Philosophy
Authors:   THE  TAEDONG  CENTER  FOR  EASTERN  CLASSICS, BANG In
Published: July 2023

The other is a stranger to the a subject. The myth of Dangun mythologically in Korea expresses the process in which the other changes the subject through the process of metamorphosis. Just as an individual's identity is formed in social relationships, the identity of philosophy is also formed through relationships with others. There are typically three ways in a philosophical tradition that makes responses when it interacts with other traditions: conversion(轉向), confrontation(對決), and consilience(統攝). Firstly, in conversion, one admits that the other is superior and gives up one’s own self-identity all together. There are two types in the conversion.: collective conversion and individual conversion. As a case of collective conversion, there is a case in which the royal family of Silla collectively turned to Buddhism, and as an example of an individual conversion, there is the case of Choe Byeong- heon who converted from a Neo-confucian scholar to a Protestant Christian. Secondly, in confrontation, one believes that one’s system of beliefs is correct and other’s is incorrect so a conflict is inevitable. Wijeongcheoksa(衛正斥邪) theory belongs to the case of confrontation. The root of Wijeongcheoksa theory lies in the Horak(湖洛) debate. Thirdly, the case of consilience is found in Wonhyo(元曉), a Buddhist thinker of Silla. Hwajaeng(和諍=harmonization of disputes) was Wonhyo's method of integrating the theories of other lineage within Buddhism, but it was also applied to theories outside of Buddhism. Western philosophy is the other that Koreans confronted for the last time in the history of Korean philosophy. After the introduction of Western philosophy, Korean philosophy suffered a serious crisis of identity confusion. After the Japanese colonial period, the traditional subject-other or host-guest relationship is reversed. This situation is a very uncomfortable truth for Eastern or Korean philosophers to accept. Now, what is the direction Korean philosophy should go in the future, and where is the identity to be newly formed? In the global world, the relationship between the subject and the other is not fixed and is constantly evolving. In the global knowledge field, the subject and the other will exchange information more actively than ever before, forming a new amalgam.
The Meaning of Kuan(寬) in Early Confucian Political Thought
Authors:   THE  TAEDONG  CENTER  FOR  EASTERN  CLASSICS, LEE Jeongin
Published: July 2023

Kuan(寬) is one of the key behaviors of the Confucian political tradition, but it has not been fully explained. In this article, I shed light on that the correct execution of punishment was emphasized, and at the same time, that there was Confucian generosity as a political attitude in early Confucianism. That Confucian generosity is a form of renzheng(仁政) that operates in the process of punishment. Contrary to the understanding of mainstream, the process of punishment can express the politician’s benevolence and has the effect of building social solidarity and edification. This paper focuses on the Kanggao(康誥) of the Shangshu and draws on other chapters of Shangshu to explore the specifics of Confucian generosity, which is both visible and not explained in the Lunyu. The ruler's generosity, which is compatible with the penal system, is manifested in the following ways: first, by being extremely cautious in making judgments; second, by applying objective criteria for commutation; and third, by weakening the overall standards and cruelty of punishment. In the Warring States Period, the attention to ruobaochizi(若保赤子) in the Kanggao(康誥) of the Shangshu, which represents political generosity, was used as a slogan to describe the Confucian political ideal, but interestingly the Mengzi did not emphasize it. This is because the generosity, which is similar to parental love, is a mechanism for the formation of a pseudo-family relationship in the political realm. In contrast to this position of the Xunzi and the Daxue(大學) of the Liji, the Mengzi rejects the interpretation of ruobaochizi(若保赤子) as an extension of familial attitudes and interprets it as a form of ceyinzhixin(惻隱之心) through using the famous case of ruzirujng(孺子入井). The Xunzi shows an aspect of solidarity in politics that resembles family, and the Mengzi shows that any agent with ceyinzhixin(惻隱之心), not just a politician, can be the agent forming solidarity. Through this understanding of generosity, we can see that, as a political practice that resembles the practice within a family, virtuous generosity is an attitude that enables the social solidarity that recognition embodies, but also has the potential to extend to personal practice.
The Theory of Confucian Theory of Human-nature in the Horizon of East-West Philosophy
Authors:   THE  TAEDONG  CENTER  FOR  EASTERN  CLASSICS, LIM Heon-Gyu
Published: July 2023

This Article intend to articulate The Theory of Confucian theory of Human- nature in the Horizon of East-West Philosophy. Confucianism regarded Human- nature(mind-heart's nature) with importance more than any other schools at all the time. The most critical question in Confucian philosophy was what are truly a human Virtues and a good life? We begins with on definition of reverence(敬) and Te(德) in Confucian tradition. Confucius was the first philosopher to bring up the concept of Human- nature(mind-heart's nature) in the history of chinese traditional philosophy. Mencius was a protector to block heterodoxy after succeeding Confucius's the The Theory of Confucian theory of Human-nature(doctrine of mind-heart's nature). Mencius was the first founder to demonstrate reality of Human-nature(mind- heart's nature) systematically and scientifically. Human-nature provided by Mencius are a) what distinguishes human beings from other animals. b)comprised of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom. Chu-Hui introduced The four beginnings are the issuance of LI, and protected Human-nature(mind-heart's nature) differed with other beings after succeeding Confucius-Mencius's the doctrine of mind-heart's nature. According to Chu-Hui, The four beginnings was to present a moral motivation of human beings in their relation to metaphysical composition(Li-Ki). Such viewpoints about theory of Human-nature(mind-heart's nature) plays an important role in the Age of AI.
Unpopular Virtues: Characteristics of Loyalty, Chung 忠, and Chungseong 忠誠
Authors:   THE  TAEDONG  CENTER  FOR  EASTERN  CLASSICS, Ahn Dongsob
Published: July 2023

Chung 忠 always has an object it is directed towards. At the same time, we also often discuss the loyal character of an individual (the subject) regardless of the object to which their loyalty is directed. This duality is an essential feature of chung. When explaining, criticising, and defending the concept of chung, most researchers focus on one of these two aspects: the subject or object side of the duality. This paper compares the concept of chung in Confucianism to the concept of loyalty in modern ethics, and to the concept of Chungseong 忠誠 in the modern Korean language using this subjective-objective framework. It shows that a similar dilemma to the “loyal Nazis dilemma” caused by the objectivity of loyalty also exists in the Confucian notion of chung (the dilemma of Bo Yi and Shu Qi) and reveals the unique nature of the concept by examining various solutions to the dilemma suggested by several traditional Confucian scholars.
Generalidades de la candidiasis vulvovaginal
Authors: Calvo Jiménez Jafeth , González Garro Ángela Rocio , Triunfo Trabado Sergio José
Published: July 2023

La candidiasis vulvovaginal es una enfermedad ocasionada por las especies de Cándida, principalmente por Candida albicans, la cual puede ser colonizante de la microflora vaginal de mujeres saludables, sin provocar enfermedad. Es la segunda causa más frecuente de vaginitis, solo superada por la vaginosis bacteriana. Por su alta prevalencia, es de las razones más frecuentes de consulta ginecológica. Afecta principalmente a mujeres en edad reproductiva, y hasta un 75% de las mujeres van a presentar un episodio en su vida. Se caracteriza clínicamente por prurito, inflamación vaginal y secreción blanquecina. Su diagnóstico se realiza específicamente por técnicas de laboratorio como la microscopía directa, o en su defecto el cultivo. Su patogenia es multifactorial e involucra una microbiota desequilibrada, factores de predisposición del huésped, la virulencia de las cepas de cándida y polimorfismos genéticos de tanto el huésped como de la hospedera. Las mujeres con mayor riesgo de presentar candidiasis vulvovaginal son aquellas con alta carga estrogénica o con algún grado de inmunocompromiso. Su tratamiento consiste en antimicóticos azoles, particularmente el fluconazol. Sin embargo, preocupa la resistencia adquirida e intrínseca de las especies no albicans, que obliga a utilizar otras estrategias. Este artículo consiste en una revisión bibliográfica, sobre las generalidades de la candidiasis vulvovaginal, enfocándose en su epidemiología, patogenia, diagnóstico correcto y tratamiento.
La France en francs. История и современность французского франка : учебное пособие, [электронное издание сетевого распространения]/ С.М. Кащук, Б. Бервьяль, Н. Бервьяль. – М. : «КДУ», «Добросвет», 2023 – 56 с.
Authors: Кащук С.М. , Бервьяль Б. , Бервьяль Н.
Published: July 2023

Учебное пособие «La France en francs. История и современность французского франка» предназначено для студентов факультета государственного управления, изучающих французский язык в качестве второго иностранного. Пособие состоит из двух частей. В первой части представлены тексты на русском и французском языках об истории развития французской денежной системы, а также об известных персоналиях, представленных на купюрах и монетах французских франков. После текстов идут вопросы на понимание и внимательное прочтение изложенных выше текстов. Вторая часть представляет собой набор упражнений по теме «Деньги. Банки», направленных на формирование рецептивных и продуктивных видов иноязычной речевой деятельности. Полагаем, что данное пособие будет интересно широкому кругу лиц, как учащимся (уровень владения французским языком не ниже А2), так и преподавателям французского языка в высшей и средней школе.
Sima'an Tahfizh Al-Qur'an at Manbaul Ulum Islamic Boarding School, Banjar District
Authors: Rojiyah Mawaddatur , Basir Abd. , Yahya M. Daud , Muhrin Muhrin , Syahbudin Akhmad
Published: July 2023

The study aims to evaluate whether the practice of simian, which involves reciting memorized verses of the Qur'an before an audience of peers and instructors, is an effective means of maintaining Catalan or memorization and improving recitation fluency. The method used in this study is a case study, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Female students participating in similar activities at the Islamic Boarding School were selected as subjects. The study findings indicate that simian is an effective method of maintaining the robustness of memorizing the Qur'an and minimizing mistakes in recitation. The participants in the simian activities significantly improved their recitation fluency and memorization strength. This improvement was attributed to the muraja'ah or regular repetition of memorized verses in preparation for a similar activity. The repetition of memorized verses enabled the participants to maintain fluency and accuracy in recitation, which they demonstrated during similar activities. The study also identified factors that supported and inhibited the effectiveness of similar activities.