bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban identity versus national identity in the global city: Evidence from six European cities
Authors: SHAHAM‐MAYMON GIL , BRENNER NOAM , YAACOV PAZ , MIODOWNIK DAN
Published: May 2024

This study explores the prioritization of urban identity over national identity in the context of the global city. Scholars have extensively discussed the fragmentation of national identity among individuals in the globalized world, and the relative proliferation of other communal identities, whether more cosmopolitan or place‐based. As globalization gradually erodes the cultural distinctiveness of nation states, cities are revealed as arenas within which inhabitants nurture a particular collective character, which is used as an attractive source of local, communal belonging. Global cities, in particular, are a compelling case to inquire into the interplay between national and urban identity. Due to their relative independence vis‐à‐vis the state, the global city can promote the values shared by inhabitants while constituting significant competition for nation‐based self‐determination and providing a unique source of urban identity that is simultaneously cosmopolitan and place‐based.

In this paper we ask whether city‐zens living in highly globalized cities are more likely to prioritize their urban identity over their national identity. Utilizing the GaWC Index of cities’ globalization levels, we analyze the results of an original survey conducted among residents of six European cities: Paris, Madrid, Barcelona, Berlin, Utrecht and Glasgow. Our empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that in globalized cities a higher level of globalism accords with a more explicit tendency to prioritize urban identity over national identity. In conclusion, we interpret this evidence as an identities trade‐off that challenges the coexistence of urban and national identities within globalized cities, discussing its implications for future studies of contemporary politics.
The role of Medicaid home‐ and community‐based services in use of Medicare post‐acute care
Authors: Wang Sijiu , Werner Rachel M. , Coe Norma B. , Chua Rhys , Qi Mingyu , Konetzka R. Tamara
Published: May 2024

Objective

Medicaid‐funded long‐term services and supports are increasingly provided through home‐ and community‐based services (HCBS) to promote continued community living. While an emerging body of evidence examines the direct benefits and costs of HCBS, there may also be unexplored synergies with Medicare‐funded post‐acute care (PAC). This study aimed to provide empirical evidence on how the use of Medicaid HCBS influences Medicare PAC utilization among the dually enrolled.

Data Sources

National Medicare claims, Medicaid claims, nursing home assessment data, and home health assessment data from 2016 to 2018.

Study Design

We estimated the relationship between prior Medicaid HCBS use and PAC (skilled nursing facilities [SNF] or home health) utilization in a national sample of duals with qualifying index hospitalizations. We used inverse probability weights to create balanced samples on observed characteristics and estimated multivariable regression with hospital fixed effects and extensive controls. We also conducted stratified analyses for key subgroups.

Data Extraction Methods

The primary sample included 887,598 hospital discharges from community‐dwelling duals who had an eligible index hospitalization between April 1, 2016, and September 30, 2018.

Principal Findings

We found HCBS use was associated with a 9 percentage‐point increase in the use of home health relative to SNF, conditional on using PAC, and a meaningful reduction in length of stay for those using SNF. In addition, in our primary sample, we found HCBS use to be associated with an overall increase in PAC use, given that the absolute increase in home health use was larger than the absolute decrease in SNF use. In other words, the use of Medicaid‐funded HCBS was associated with a shift in Medicare‐funded PAC use toward home‐based settings.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate potential synergies between Medicaid‐funded HCBS and increased use of home‐based PAC, suggesting policymakers should cautiously consider these dynamics in HCBS expansion efforts.
Trends in hospital price transparency after implementation of the CMS Final Rule
Authors: Brant Aaron , Lewicki Patrick , Rhodes Stephen , Zhu Alec , Shoag Jonathan
Published: May 2024

Objective

To assess trends in hospital price disclosures after the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Final Rule went into effect.

Data Sources and Study Setting

The Turquoise Health Price Transparency Dataset was used to identify all US hospitals that publicly displayed pricing from 2021 to 2023.

Study Design

Price‐disclosing versus nondisclosing hospitals were compared using Pearson's Chi‐squared and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Bayesian structural time‐series modeling was used to determine if enforcement of increased penalties for nondisclosure was associated with a change in the trend of hospital disclosures.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Not applicable.

Principal Findings

As of January 2023, 5162 of 6692 (77.1%) US hospitals disclosed pricing of their services, with the majority (2794 of 5162 [54.1%]) reporting their pricing within the first 6 months of the final rule going into effect in January 2021. An increase in hospital disclosures was observed after penalties for nondisclosure were enforced in January 2022 (relative effect size 20%, p = 0.002). Compared with nondisclosing hospitals, disclosing hospitals had higher annual revenue, bed number, and were more likely to be have nonprofit ownership, academic affiliation, provide emergency services, and be in highly concentrated markets (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Hospital pricing disclosures are continuously in flux and influenced by regulatory and market factors.
‘Through education, we can make change’: A design thinking approach to entry‐level dietetics education regarding eating disorders
Authors: Heafala Alana , Ball Lauren , Rundle‐Thiele Sharyn , Mitchell Lana J.
Published: May 2024

Aims

To co‐create strategies and identify opportunities to integrate eating disorder content within dietetics curricula at one Australian university with stakeholders using a design thinking approach.

Methods

A pragmatic mixed‐methods, participatory design approach was used. An online survey explored the learning needs of dietetic students and recent graduates regarding eating disorders. Following the survey, a one‐day design thinking retreat was held with stakeholders who were identified from the research team's professional networks. Eating disorder dietitians, learning experts, dietetic students, graduates, and those with lived experience were asked to identify strategies to enhance students' confidence and competence to provide care for people living with eating disorders. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analysed using inductive coding and reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Sixty‐four students (n = 55, 86%) and recent graduates (n = 9, 14%) completed the online survey (26% response). Seventeen stakeholders attended the retreat. Four themes were identified: (1) changing perceptions of eating disorder care from specialist to ‘core business’; (2) desiring and advocating for a national change to dietetics curricula; (3) importance of lived experience at the centre of curriculum design and delivery; and (4) collaborating to co‐design and deliver eating disorder content at university.

Conclusion

Raising awareness, upskilling students and educators, enhanced collaboration between universities and stakeholders, and the inclusion of lived experience were key to preparing students to provide care to people seeking support for eating disorders. Further research is needed to assess the impact these strategies have on dietetic students' confidence and competence.
CircSLC25A16 facilitates the development of non‐small‐cell lung cancer through the miR‐335‐5p/CISD2 axis
Authors: Fu Yu , Chen Bin , Gao Tao , Wang Zhenglong
Published: May 2024

Background

Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. Circular RNAs are widely involved in NSCLC progression. However, the mechanism of circSLC25A16 in NSCLC has not been reported.

Methods

The expressions of circSLC25A16, microRNA‐335‐5p (miR‐335‐5p), and CDGSH iron–sulfur domain‐containing protein 2 (CISD2) were monitored by quantitative real‐time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction. Western blot was also carried out to measure the protein levels of CISD2, hexokinase 2 (HK2), and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). For functional analysis, cell counting kit‐8 assay, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, flow cytometry, transwell, and wound healing assays were utilized to examine cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Glucose uptake and lactate production were detected using commercial kits. The relationship between miR‐335‐5p and circSLC25A16 or CISD2 was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, tumor xenograft was established to explore the function of circSLC25A16 in vivo.

Results

CircSLC25A16 and CISD2 were overexpressed in NSCLC, but miR‐335‐5p was downregulated. CircSLC25A16 acted as a miR‐335‐5p sponge, and silencing of circSLC25A16 arrested cell proliferation, migration, and glycolysis, and promoted apoptosis, but these impacts were resumed by miR‐335‐5p inhibition. CISD2 was a miR‐335‐5p target, and overexpression of CISD2 abolished the suppressive function of miR‐335‐5p mimic on the malignant behavior of NSCLC cells. CircSLC25A16 could adsorb miR‐335‐5p to mediate CISD2 expression. Additionally, silencing circSLC25A16 restrained the growth of NSCLC tumor xenograft in vivo.

Conclusion

CircSLC25A16 facilitated NSCLC progression via the miR‐335‐5p/CISD2 axis, implying that circSLC25A16 may serve as a novel biomarker for NSCLC treatment.
Echoes of loss: Moral injury and complex bereavement among pet owners in the wake of humidifier disinfectant disasters
Authors: Shim Woochan S. , Kim Seongho , Jang Gyeongwoo , Pang Jinhee
Published: May 2024

In this qualitative study, we examine the experiences of nine South Korean individuals impacted by the humidifier disinfectant scandal, a significant social disaster that resulted in the loss or health deterioration of their pets. Although humidifier disinfectants were marketed since 1994, it was not until 2011 that the South Korean government acknowledged their detrimental effects and proposed a ban. This study fills a research gap by focusing on pet owners, a substantial yet understudied demographic affected by this disaster. Our analysis reveals that the prevailing legal culture, demanding victims to substantiate their eligibility for compensation, not only intensified their trauma but also prolonged their grieving process, contributing to complex bereavement. The initial ambiguity regarding their pets' deaths fostered feelings of regret, which, upon realizing the true cause, transformed into profound guilt akin to moral injury. Based on these findings, the study offers policy recommendations to address such complex emotional repercussions in social disaster contexts.
Aflatoxin B1 induces ROS‐dependent mitophagy by modulating the PINK1/Parkin pathway in HepG2 cells
Authors: Wang Yuxi , Long Lan , Luo Qian , Huang Xinyi , Zhang Ying , Meng Xiao , Chen Dayi
Published: May 2024

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is extremely harmful to both humans and animals. Mitophagy is a selective process of self‐elimination and has an important role in controlling mitochondrial quality. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation on AFB1‐induced mitophagy in HepG2 cells to provide a new perspective from which to design novel therapeutic strategies to treat AFB1 poisoning. ROS release was induced in HepG2 cells with AFB1 (10 μmol/L). Cell autophagy activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, Parkin translocation and both the transcription and expression of mitophagy‐related proteins were measured when N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) partially decreased the ROS level, while the knockdown of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) resulted in a large accumulation of ROS. The results reveal that NAC pretreatment ameliorated the decline in both the MMP and the ATP levels while also activating phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5)‐PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin, while the Nrf2 knockdown group exhibited the opposite trend. These results suggest that AFB1‐induced mitophagy in HepG2 cells depends on ROS, and proper ROS activates mitophagy to play a protective role.
Digital health's influence on the association between birth preference and vaginal birth
Authors: Brinson Alison K. , Jahnke Hannah R. , Rubin‐Miller Lily , Henrich Natalie , Peahl Alex , Shah Neel , Moss Christa
Published: May 2024

Background

Women's preferred mode of birth during pregnancy is predictive of their actual mode of birth. Digital prenatal care services are a promising method for educating women on mode of birth to reduce elective cesareans. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of digital health on the association between birth preference and mode of birth.

Methods

Data come from 5409 pregnant women enrolled in a digital platform for women's and family health. Multi‐trajectory modeling identified trajectories of digital health usage throughout pregnancy. Adjusted logistic regression models tested associations between birth preferences and mode of birth. The modifying effect of digital health usage on the association between birth preference and mode of birth was assessed on the multiplicative scale.

Results

Four distinct trajectories of digital service usage were identified and labeled as: (1) baseline users (52%): the reference group; (2) just‐in timers (16%): high usage during the third trimester; (3) learners (26%): high educational resource usage (e.g., articles and classes) throughout pregnancy; and (4) super users (6%): high usage of both education and care resources throughout pregnancy. Overall, preferred mode of birth at enrollment was predictive of actual mode of birth; however, digital health usage moderated this association, whereby super users and learners who preferred a cesarean at enrollment were more likely to deliver vaginally, compared to baseline users who preferred a cesarean.

Conclusion

For the increasing proportion of women considering an elective cesarean, education through a prenatal digital health platform may help to encourage vaginal birth and reduce cesarean births.
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation after reduced intensity conditioning in children and adolescents with chronic myeloid leukaemia: A prospective multicentre trial of the I‐BFM Study Group
Authors: Pichler Herbert , Sedlacek Petr , Meisel Roland , Beier Rita , Faraci Maura , Kalwak Krzysztof , Ifversen Marianne , Müller Ingo , Stein Jerry , Vettenranta Kim , Kropshofer Gabriele , Kolenova Alexandra , Karlhuber Susanne , Glogova Evgenia , Poetschger Ulrike , Peters Christina , Suttorp Meinolf , Matthes‐Leodolter Susanne , Balduzzi Adriana
Published: May 2024

This prospective multicentre trial evaluated the safety and the efficacy of a thiotepa/melphalan‐based reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children and adolescents with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in chronic phase (CP). Thirty‐two patients were transplanted from matched siblings or matched unrelated donors. In 22 patients, HSCT was performed due to insufficient molecular response or loss of response to first‐ or second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), with pretransplant BCR::ABL1 transcripts ranging between 0.001% and 33%. The protocol included a BCR::ABL1‐guided intervention with TKI retreatment in the first year and donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) in the second‐year post‐transplant. All patients engrafted. The 1‐year transplant‐related mortality was 3% (confidence interval [CI]: 0%–6%). After a median follow‐up of 6.3 years, 5‐year overall survival and event‐free survival are 97% (CI: 93%–100%) and 91% (CI: 79%–100%) respectively. The current 5‐year leukaemia‐free survival with BCR::ABL1 <0.01% is 97% (CI: 88%–100%) and the current TKI‐ and DLI‐free survival is 95% (CI: 85%–100%). The incidence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) was 32%, being severe in four patients (13%). At last follow‐up, 31 patients are GvHD‐free and have stopped immunosuppression. RIC HSCT following pretreatment with TKI is feasible and effective in children and adolescents with CP‐CML with an excellent disease‐free and TKI‐free survival.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the cannabinoid CB2 receptor: Molecular pharmacology and disease associations
Authors: Foyzun Tahira , Whiting Maddie , Velasco Kate K. , Jacobsen Jessie C. , Connor Mark , Grimsey Natasha L.
Published: May 2024

Preclinical evidence implicating cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) in various diseases has led researchers to question whether CB2 genetics influence aetiology or progression. Associations between conditions and genetic loci are often studied via single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) prevalence in case versus control populations. In the CNR2 coding exon, ~36 SNPs have high overall population prevalence (minor allele frequencies [MAF] ~37%), including non‐synonymous SNP (ns‐SNP) rs2501432 encoding CB2 63Q/R. Interspersed are ~27 lower frequency SNPs, four being ns‐SNPs. CNR2 introns also harbour numerous SNPs. This review summarises CB2 ns‐SNP molecular pharmacology and evaluates evidence from ~70 studies investigating CB2 genetic variants with proposed linkage to disease. Although CNR2 genetic variation has been associated with a wide variety of conditions, including osteoporosis, immune‐related disorders, and mental illnesses, further work is required to robustly validate CNR2 disease links and clarify specific mechanisms linking CNR2 genetic variation to disease pathophysiology and potential drug responses.
Drainage reorganization and divide migration driven by basin subsidence: An example from the Micang Shan, outskirts of eastern Tibet and its implications for Cenozoic evolution of the Yangtze River
Authors: Ye Yijia , Tan Xibin , Liu Yiduo , Bian Shuang , Zhou Chao , Zeng Xun , Shi Feng , Gao Mingxing
Published: May 2024

The Cenozoic India‐Asia collision has elevated the Tibetan Plateau and produced large strike‐slip faults in the interior and margins of the plateau, which profoundly influenced drainage reorganization and divide migration in Asia. Recent studies have revealed that the drainage divides between the major rivers in and around the Tibetan Plateau have been migrating for tens of millions of years, due to tectonic and/or climatic disturbance or river capture events. Drainage‐divide stability analysis can provide new, independent insights into the Cenozoic evolution of the river systems. In this study, we focus on the Hanzhong Basin and the adjacent Micang Shan (Shan means Mountain(s)) at the tail of the Qingchuan strike‐slip fault in the outskirts of eastern Tibet. We investigated the stability of the Micang Shan drainage divide, which separates the Han and Jialing rivers (two major tributaries of the Yangtze River), using two methods—χ‐plot and Gilbert metrics. The results show that most segments of the Micang Shan drainage divide are either moving south or stable. We further calculated the predicted stable divide location and identified the abandoned river channels and residual planation surfaces. Based on these analyses, we suggest that (1) the migration of the Micang Shan drainage divide is driven by the tectonic subsidence of the Hanzhong Basin; and (2) the upper reaches of the Han River flowed southward to the Sichuan Basin before basin subsidence. This study supports the hypothesis that the Palaeo‐Middle Yangtze River and its tributaries primarily flowed southward. Moreover, the flow direction of the Middle Yangtze River has been, and still is, transitioning from southward to eastward. The change in river network flow direction is driven by regional block tilting towards the east, surface deformation from strike‐slip faulting, regional extension east of the Tibetan Plateau and/or increased influence from the summer monsoon.
ctDNA as a predictor of outcome after curative resection for locally advanced rectal cancer: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nassar Ahmed , Aly Noha E. , Jin Zhaohui , Aly Emad H.
Published: May 2024

Aim

To assess the efficacy of ctDNA measurement at different time intervals in predicting response and prognosis in patients diagnosed with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) who underwent neoadjuvant treatment prior to curative resection.

Method

English language randomized controlled trials and observational studies, published from 1946 to January 2024, comparing outcomes between ctDNA‐positive and ctDNA‐negative patients with LARC undergoing neoadjuvant treatment prior to curative surgical resection were included in the search. The search included Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR).

Results

Data for 1022 patients were analysed. Patients with positive ctDNA in the preoperative period had more than five times the risk of developing distant metastasis (RR [95% CI] 5.03 [3.31–7.65], p < 0.001), while those with positive ctDNA in the postoperative period had more than six times the risk (RR [95% CI] 6.17 [2.38–15.95], p < 0.001). There was no significant relationship between ctDNA status at baseline, pre‐, or postoperative periods and achievement of pCR (RR [95% CI] 1.21 [0.86–1.7], 1.82 [0.94–3.55], 1.48 [0.78–2.82], p = 0.27, 0.08, and 0.23, respectively). However, patients with positive ctDNA in the pre‐ and postoperative periods had more than 13 and 12 times the risk of overall disease relapse after curative‐intent treatment (RR [95% CI] 13.55 [7.12–25.81], 12.14 [3.19–46.14], p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion

ctDNA could potentially guide treatment and follow‐up in LARC, predicting high‐risk patients for disease relapse, allowing individualized surveillance and treatment strategies. Prospective studies are needed for standardization.
Bank Culture and Bank Liquidity Creation
Authors: Nguyen Loan Quynh Thi , Huynh Luu Duc Toan
Published: May 2024

Research Question/Issue

This study aimed to understand the impact of bank culture on liquidity creation by applying textual analysis to data from US bank holding companies.

Research Findings/Insights

The results indicated a substantial connection between bank culture and liquidity creation. Control and collaborative cultures negatively impacted liquidity creation, whereas a competing culture had a positive effect. The negative impacts were stronger in more diversified, experienced, and profitable banks and weaker in larger banks. In complete culture banks, liquidity creation decreased with increased experience and profitability but increased with size. The influence of culture on the different aspects of liquidity creation was similar across the board for overall liquidity generation.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

By introducing a new bank culture index, this study offers a unique contribution to the academic understanding of the interplay between organizational culture and financial performance, particularly liquidity creation.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

The insights from this study are valuable for bank managers and regulators as they highlight the aspects of bank culture that can be leveraged or adjusted to optimize liquidity creation, thereby informing strategies and policy decisions.
Geographic clustering of cannabis stores in Canadian cities: A spatial analysis of the legal cannabis market 4 years post‐legalisation
Authors: Friesen Erik Loewen , Konikoff Lauren , Dickson Sarah , Myran Daniel Thomas
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Following the legalisation of non‐medical cannabis in 2018, the number of cannabis stores in Canada has rapidly expanded with limited regulation on their geographic placement. This study characterised the clustering of cannabis stores in Canadian cities and evaluated the association of clustering with provincial policy and sociodemographic variables.

Methods

Cross‐sectional spatial analysis of cannabis store density in dissemination areas (‘neighbourhoods’, n = 39,226) in Canadian cities in September 2022. Cannabis store density was defined as the count of stores within 1000 m of a neighbourhood centre. Clusters of high‐density cannabis retail were identified using Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation. Associations between provincial policy (privatised vs. public market), sociodemographic variables and cannabis store density were evaluated using multivariable regression.

Results

Clusters of high‐density cannabis retail were identified in 86% of Canadian cities, and neighbourhoods in clusters had a median of 5 stores within 1000 m. Toronto, Canada's most populous city, had the most extreme clustering where neighbourhoods in clusters had a median of 10 stores (and a maximum of 25 stores) within 1000 m. Neighbourhoods in private versus public retail markets had a significantly higher neighbourhood‐level density of cannabis stores (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] 63.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 25.66–156.33). Lower neighbourhood income quintile was also associated with a higher neighbourhood‐level density of cannabis stores (Q5 vs. Q1, aRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17–1.40).

Discussion and Conclusions

Since cannabis was legalised, clusters of high‐density cannabis retail have emerged in most Canadian cities and were more likely to form lower income neighbourhoods and in private retail markets.
Clinical presentation of first episode psychosis in people with and without HIV in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
Authors: Chhagan Usha , Ntlantsana Vuyokazi , Karim Enver , Thela Lindokuhle , Tomita Andrew , Chiliza Bonginkosi , Paruk Saeeda
Published: May 2024

Aim

Mental disorders and HIV are the main contributors to the increase in years lived with disability rates per person in sub‐Saharan Africa. A complex inter‐relationship exists between HIV and mental illness, especially in a region with a high HIV prevalence. We examined the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), and the nature of psychotic and cognitive symptoms in people with first episode psychosis (FEP) living with and without HIV.

Methods

Adults aged between 18 and 45 years were assessed using a clinical interview, physical examination and several psychiatric tools. These included the Mini International Neuro‐psychiatric Interview to confirm psychosis, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, International HIV Dementia Scale and other scales to measure symptom variables. HIV ELISA was used for HIV serology testing, with measures being carried out within 6 weeks of the first presentation.

Results

Of the 172 people presenting with FEP, 36 (21%) had comorbid HIV, those with both being older and more likely to be female (p < .001). Clinically, participants with FEP and HIV scored lower on the positive subscale (p = .008). There were no statistically significant differences for DUP or cognitive screening. Of those living with HIV and FEP (n = 36) comorbidity, nine were newly diagnosed with HIV at the time of the study.

Conclusion

Individuals presenting with FEP and comorbid HIV were older, female and reported more mood symptoms. The identification of nine new HIV infections also reflects the ongoing need to test for HIV in people presenting with severe mental illness.
Differences in the proteome within extracellular vesicles between premalignant and malignant plasma cell disorders
Authors: Vanderboom Patrick M. , Chawla Yogesh , Dasari Surendra , Kapoor Isha , Kumar Shaji K. , Nair K. Sreekumaran , Gonsalves Wilson I.
Published: May 2024

Background

Precursor plasma cell disorders such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) always precede the development of active malignancies such as multiple myeloma (MM). There is a need for novel biomarkers to identify those patients with such precursor plasma cell disorders who rapidly progress to MM. Plasma‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may serve as a reservoir of potential biomarkers that can shed light on the pathogenesis and disease biology of MM.

Methods

This study isolated small EVs (SEVs) and large EVs (LEVs) from the platelet‐poor peripheral blood plasma of MGUS (n = 9) and MM (n = 12) patients using the size exclusion chromatography‐based method and evaluated their proteome using a label‐free proteomics workflow.

Results

In total, 2055 proteins were identified in SEVs, while 2794 proteins were identified in LEVs. The transferrin receptor (or CD71) protein was upregulated in both populations of EVs derived from MM patients compared to MGUS patients and was of prognostic significance. Similarly, three isoforms of serum amyloid A (SAA) protein, SAA1, SAA2, and SAA4, were also highly upregulated in SEVs within MM patients relative to MGUS patients. Finally, CD40 expression was also higher in the LEVs derived from MM patients than in MGUS patients.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the feasibility of successfully isolating both SEVs and LEVs from the peripheral blood of patients with plasma cell disorders and quantifying protein biomarkers within these EVs that could be of prognostic and diagnostic interest.
Effectiveness of soil management strategies for mitigation of N2O emissions in European arable land: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Valkama Elena , Tzemi Domna , Esparza‐Robles Ulises Ramon , Syp Alina , O'Toole Adam , Maenhout Peter
Published: May 2024

Soil management strategies involving the application of organic matter (OM) inputs (crop residues, green and livestock manure, slurry, digestate, compost and biochar) can increase soil carbon storage but simultaneously lead to an increase in non‐CO2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as N2O. Although multiple meta‐analyses have been conducted on the topic of OM input impacts on GHG, none has focused specifically on European arable soils. This study plugs this gap and can assist policymakers in steering European agriculture in a more sustainable direction. The objective of this meta‐analysis was to quantify how OM inputs of different nature and quality, but also the application strategy, can mitigate soil N2O emissions in different pedoclimatic conditions in Europe. We quantitatively synthesised the results of over 50 field experiments conducted in 15 European countries. Diverse arable crops, mainly cereals, were cultivated in monoculture or in crop rotations on mineral soils. Cumulative N2O emissions were monitored during periods of 30–1070 days in treatments, which received OM inputs, alone or in combination with mineral N fertiliser; and in controls fertilised with mineral N. The overall effect of OM inputs had a slight tendency to reduce N2O emissions by 10% (n = 53). With the increasing carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio of the OM inputs, this mitigation effect became more pronounced. In particular, compost and biochar significantly reduced N2O emissions by 25% (n = 6) and 33% (n = 8) respectively. However, their effect strongly depended on pedoclimatic characteristics. Regarding the other types of OM inputs studied, a slight N2O emission reduction can be achieved by their application alone, without mineral N fertiliser (by 16%, n = 17). In contrast, their co‐application with mineral N fertiliser elevated emissions to some extent compared to the control (by 14%, n = 22). We conclude that amongst the seven OM inputs studied, the application of compost and biochar are the most promising soil management practices, clearly demonstrating N2O emission reduction compared to mineral N fertiliser. In contrast, other OM inputs had a small tendency to mitigate N2O emissions only when applied without mineral N fertiliser.
Soil health—From practical issues to indicators: A workshop at the 1st European Healthy Soils Conference
Authors: Hitzfeld Bettina , Rodríguez Eugenio Natalia , Wissemeier Alexander H.
Published: May 2024

The aim of the 1st European Healthy Soils Conference in September 2023 in Muttenz, Switzerland, was to bring together professionals working on soil health from academia, the private sector, policymakers and students. Within the conference, a workshop ‘From Practical Issues to Indicators’ was held. In addition to flash presentations and subsequent discussion rounds, the opinions of the participants on the definition of soil health and the major soil threats were also collected. A majority of participants were in favour of the statement: ‘Healthy soils are in good chemical, biological and physical condition so that they can provide ecosystem services that are vital to humans and environment’. Of the 10 soil threats put forward for discussion, the participants voted for the four most important at European level, those beingsoil erosion, loss of soil organic carbon, loss of soil biodiversityandsoil compaction. The need for long‐term observation plots in different agro‐ecosystems in Europe was emphasised in contributions to the discussion. Furthermore, methodological developments and standardisations that are simple and direct enough to be accepted and applied at the practical level by farmers and advisors were called for.
Stem‐like T cells in cancer and autoimmunity
Authors: Schnell Alexandra
Published: May 2024

Stem‐like T cells are characterized by their ability to self‐renew, survive long‐term, and give rise to a heterogeneous pool of effector and memory T cells. Recent advances in single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and lineage tracing technologies revealed an important role for stem‐like T cells in both autoimmunity and cancer. In cancer, stem‐like T cells constitute an important arm of the anti‐tumor immune response by giving rise to effector T cells that mediate tumor control. In contrast, in autoimmunity stem‐like T cells perform an unfavorable role by forming a reservoir of long‐lived autoreactive cells that replenish the pathogenic, effector T‐cell pool and thereby driving disease pathology. This review provides background on the discovery of stem‐like T cells and their function in cancer and autoimmunity. Moreover, the influence of the microbiota and metabolism on the stem‐like T‐cell pool is summarized. Lastly, the implications of our knowledge about stem‐like T cells for clinical treatment strategies for cancer and autoimmunity will be discussed.
Young people's and adults' views and experiences of decision‐making to manage compromised first permanent molars: a qualitative study
Authors: Taylor Greig D. , Exley Catherine , Innes Nicola , Vernazza Christopher Robert
Published: May 2024

Background

Little information on young people's and adults' views and experiences on decision‐making for managing compromised first permanent molars (cFPM) exists.

Aim

To establish young people's and adults' views and experiences of decision‐making for managing cFPM.

Design

Face‐to‐face (online) semi‐structured interviews were undertaken using an iteratively designed topic guide. Participants aged 12–65 were purposively sampled with recruitment from different dental clinics (three primary care, an out‐of‐hours emergency and one dental hospital). Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes were generated from young people's interviews (n = 9): (i) influencing factors; (ii) long‐term considerations; and (iii) shared decision‐making. Three themes were generated from adults' interviews (n = 13): (i) influences that affect decisions; (ii) perceptions of the specialist's role; and (iii) importance of shared decision‐making for children and young people.

Conclusion

Several factors influenced decision‐making; for young people, professional opinions were important, and parental/peer influences less so. For adults, it was based on decisions on their prior experiences. Adults felt young people were abnormal if referred to a specialist. Young people wanted autonomy in decision‐making to be respected; in reality, their views were rarely heard. There is potential to increase young people's involvement in shared decision‐making for cFPM, which aligns with their aspirations.
Atomistic origin of structural relaxation in lead metasilicate and lithium disilicate glasses
Authors: Lancelotti Ricardo F. , Zanotto Edgar D. , Sen Sabyasachi
Published: May 2024

A combination of density measurement, differential scanning calorimetry, refractometry, and Raman and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is employed to characterize the evolution of the structure and physical properties of lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) and lead metasilicate (PbSiO3) glasses during physical aging. Both glasses display marked increase in density, enthalpy recovery, and refractive index following a temperature down‐jump near their glass transition regions. The collective analysis of Raman and NMR spectra reveals that the aging‐induced structural relaxation in these silicate networks involves a significant disproportionation of Q‐species as well as their spatial clustering.
Geolocation and immersion loggers reveal year‐round residency and facilitate nutrient deposition rate estimation of adult red‐footed boobies in the Chagos Archipelago, tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Votier Stephen C. , Corcoran Grace , Carr Pete , Dunn Ruth E. , Freeman Robin , Nicoll Malcolm A. C. , Wood Hannah , Trevail Alice M.
Published: May 2024

Bio‐logging has revealed much about high‐latitude seabird migratory strategies, but migratory behaviour in tropical species may differ, with implications for understanding nutrient deposition. Here we use combined light‐level and saltwater immersion loggers to study the year‐round movement behaviour of adult red‐footed boobies Sula sula rubripes from the Chagos Archipelago, tropical Indian Ocean, to assess migratory movements and estimate nutrient deposition rates based on the number of days they spent ashore. Light levels suggest that red‐footed boobies are resident in the Chagos Archipelago year‐round, although there are large latitudinal errors this close to the equator. Immersion data also indicate residency with tracked birds returning to land every one or two days. Spending an average of 79.86 ± 2.80 days and 280.84 ± 2.64 nights per year on land allows us to estimate that the 21 670 pairs of red‐footed boobies deposit 37.34 ± 0.56 tonnes year−1 of guano‐derived nitrogen throughout the archipelago. Our findings have implications for tropical seabird conservation and phylogenetics, as well as for assessing the impact of seabird nutrients on coral reef ecosystems.
Safety and effectiveness of additional left atrial posterior wall ablation using pulsed field ablation for persistent and long‐standing persistent atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Kordić Lucija Lisica , Jurišić Zrinka , Brešković Toni , Sikirić Ivan , Katić Josip , Dagelic Marija , Anić Ante
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The unique safety profile of pulsed field ablation (PFA) has made pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) + left atrial posterior wall (LAPW) ablation promising for treating persistent atrial fibrillation (PerAF). The goal of this study was to assess long‐term freedom from atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and atrial tachycardia (AF/AFL/AT), as well as the safety and feasibility of LAPW PFA using multipolar, pentaspline Farawave catheter.

Methods

Retrospective observational study at a single institution. Data for 94 patients were collected from a prespecified intraprocedural registry. The long‐term AF/AFL/AT recurrence assessment was based on an analysis of medical history; 24‐h Holter ECGs at 3, 6, and 12 months postablation; and 12‐lead ECGs recorded during symptomatic episodes or visits.

Results

Half of the patients had ls‐PerAF, and half had a history of catheter ablation—mostly RF PVI. The acute ablation success rate was 100%, and the primary safety outcome was observed in 2 patients. Fifty patients experienced AF/AFL/AT recurrence (54.3%). An increase in LAPW low‐voltage areas and AF classification were associated with arrhythmia recurrence. After a median follow‐up of 13 months, the Kaplan‒Meier estimated median time free of AF/AFL/AT after a single procedure was 14.7 months.

Conclusion

PFA PVI + PWA had the best outcome in perAF patients without extensive LA fibrosis. AF recurrence was paroxysmal in significant part of the cohort. The addition of PWA to PVI using multipolar PFA was safe and did not significantly influence the transpired ablation time.
Three dimensionally printed template with an interproximal isolation design guide consecutive closure of multiple diastema with injectable resin composite
Authors: Shui Yusen , Wu Jiacheng , Luo Tian , Sun Manlin , Yu Haiyang
Published: May 2024

Objective

This article describes a novel 3D‐printed template armed with interproximal matrices to isolate interproximal contact areas and guide injectable resin composite for consecutive closure of multiple diastema.

Clinical Considerations

Among several treatment options proposed for diastema closure, direct resin composite is noninvasive and easy to repair. The “composite injection technique” has been introduced to improve time efficiency and reduce technique sensitivity for clinicians. However, in the case of multiple diastema, the overflow of excess resin materials onto the adjacent teeth during injection poses challenges for recontouring the interproximal anatomy. A 3D‐printed template with special‐designed gaps at interproximal areas was designed and fabricated based on a virtual diagnostic wax‐up. Flowable resin composite was then consecutively injected through the template to close diastemata at multiple adjacent teeth.

Conclusion

This technique using a 3D‐printed template with interproximal isolation design contributed to an efficient and accurate operation for multiple anterior diastema closure.

Clinical Significance

Efficient and accurate freehand buildups of composite restoration for multiple diastema are challenging in operative dentistry. The described noninvasive full digital workflow provides a predictable method to accurately recontour the multiple target restorations and reduce the chair‐side time and technical sensitivity.
Project risk and the bank monitored credit line
Authors: Tassel Eric Van
Published: May 2024

In this paper we investigate the role a monitored credit line plays in managing a firm's liquidity needs and influencing the firm's project risk. We develop a theoretical model where a firm finances a risky project that is subject to a liquidity shock. External lenders are imperfectly informed about both project risk and the firm's liquidity, which leads to moral hazard. We identify conditions under which it is optimal for the firm to fund the project using a term loan from a less informed lender and manage liquidity using a line of credit from an informed lender.
Social media and cost of debt financing: Evidence from stock forum text analysis
Authors: Meng Qingxi , Mo Shenwei , Quan Xiaofeng , Zhang Joseph H.
Published: May 2024

In this article, we examine whether and how small investors’ social media activity is associated with subsequent bond credit spreads. We use extensive data from posts/comments on social media 30 days before the bond issuance announcement date to identify their implied power and find that the more posts/comments, the smaller the bond issuance spreads. We further find that information quality improvement of posts increases this negative relation between social media activity and bond cost, and that posts directly related to issuers’ fundamentals and/or debt financing drive our main results. Additional tests show that the effect is more salient when there is a greater demand for information quality or when macroeconomic conditions worsen.
Systematic review of healthcare interventions for reducing gender‐based violence impact on the mental health of women with disabilities
Authors: Pastor‐Moreno Guadalupe , Saletti‐Cuesta Lorena , Henares‐Montiel Jesús , Escudero‐Carretero María J. , Higueras‐Callejón Camila , Ruiz‐Pérez Isabel
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Women with disabilities are more exposed to violence. The health sector has a key role in all three levels of prevention of violence against women. The objective of this paper was to review the interventions for preventing gender‐based violence and reducing its impact on the mental health of women with any form of disability.

Method

Relevant studies were identified through conducting searches in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsyInfo, Social Services Abstracts, and PILOTS. Two reviewers analyzed and selected studies. A qualitative synthesis was made.

Results

3149 references were obtained, among which eight articles describing nine interventions from the USA and the UK. Most were intended for women with mental/intellectual disability and assessed intimate partner or sexual violence. Only one study showed high methodological quality. They were found to be particularly effective as regards improvement of the skills acquired by participants, but the results as regards improved mental health are not consistent.

Conclusion

Our review shows very little evidence of effective interventions. Further studies are required with higher internal validity and female sample groups with diverse disabilities.

Clinical Relevance

Gender‐based violence is a highly prevalent problem for women with disabilities, and in addition to being a public health challenge is a violation of human rights. Health care systems and policymakers should take a key role in all three levels of prevention of violence against women with disabilities. Interventions with longer follow‐up times are required. It is also important for interventions to be designed in consultation with people with disabilities.
Methods for studying structural oppression in quantitative family research
Authors: Homan Patricia , Everett Bethany , Brown Tyson H.
Published: May 2024

Researchers have long documented the impact of social inequalities on family life. Most family research has focused on inequalities at the individual and family levels, and extant studies on macro‐level conditions have primarily examined economic conditions and specific family‐focused social policies. Yet, an emerging body of largely conceptual research suggests that structural inequities also have enormous power to shape families. Structural racism, structural sexism, and structural sexual and gender minority oppression, and other forms of structural injustice operate across various levels (macro, meso, and micro) and systems (e.g., educational, economic, political, criminal‐legal, etc.), to influence individuals' social environments and everyday lives in ways that may impact how, when, and where people form families. Structural oppression, moreover, may influence relationship quality, caregiving patterns, child outcomes, and various other aspects of family life. Yet, the consequences of these structural forces for families have not yet been thoroughly examined. In this article, we (1) develop a conceptual framework linking structural oppression to family characteristics and outcomes, (2) outline innovative approaches for conceptualizing and measuring structural oppression and describe how incorporating these approaches can move the field of family science forward, and (3) make several recommendations regarding best practices and fruitful avenues for future research.