bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"The Crafty Contrivance of the Illinois": Indigenous Informants, French Manet8a , and the Myth of the Missouri River
Authors: Berthelette Scott
Published: January 2024

Abstract: This article examines early relations between the Illinois nations and French explorers, traders, and missionaries in the late seventeenth century. Following their encounter in the Pays des Illinois (Illinois Country), French newcomers came to believe that the Missouri River possessed an abundance of flora, fauna, fertile soil, and easily cut through the heart of North America to the Pacific Ocean. This was no accident. The Illinois deliberately withheld, emphasized, manipulated, and conveyed details concerning their western geography to French missionaries and fur traders, whose novel technologies, trade goods, and spiritual power they sought to secure for themselves. By articulating a carefully crafted "myth of the Missouri," the Illinois sought to direct French commerce and proselytization toward themselves and their allies up the Missouri River, like the Osage and Missouria, rather than to see French manet8a (other-than-human power) in the form of trade goods and Christian prayer fall into the hands of their enemies on the lower Mississippi. The Illinois strategy to attract French alliance, commerce, and spiritual power ( manet8a ) may have contributed to the century-long European and Euro-American belief in an expedient Missouri River route from the American Midwest to the Pacific Ocean. By arguing that the Illinois confederacy shaped European newcomers' understanding and perceptions of North America to further their own economic, political, and spiritual goals, this article contributes to the historiography regarding the role played by rumors, falsehoods, and fabrications in early colonial encounters as well as in the European and later Euro-American misunderstanding of the American Midwest's geography.
A Lion of a Man: Buddhist Japonisme and Krausist Masculinity in Galdós's La familia de León Roch
Authors: George David R.
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT: In this essay, I examine how the set of Japanese decorative items present in Benito Pérez Galdós's La familia de León Roch (1878) elucidates a reformulation of the Krausist model of masculinity embodied by the novel's hero. Focusing on Buddhist imagery in the text, I explore how allusions to the Eastern religion provide a symbolic framework to explore other modes for the liberal hero to be in the world that renders his apparent excesses into the positive behaviors necessary to effect reform and social change. Considering the rudimentary understandings of Buddhism that reached Spain amid the late-nineteenth-century Japan craze, Japonisme , then, I interpret León Roch not as a failed model of masculinity, but rather as an alternative within Galdós's broader revision of the Krausist ideal of the "hombre nuevo" in the late 1870s. ABSTRACT: In this essay, I examine how the set of Japanese decorative items present in Benito Pérez Galdós's La familia de León Roch (1878) elucidates a reformulation of the Krausist model of masculinity embodied by the novel's hero. Focusing on Buddhist imagery in the text, I explore how allusions to the Eastern religion provide a symbolic framework to explore other modes for the liberal hero to be in the world that renders his apparent excesses into the positive behaviors necessary to effect reform and social change. Considering the rudimentary understandings of Buddhism that reached Spain amid the late-nineteenth-century Japan craze, Japonisme, then, I interpret León Roch not as a failed model of masculinity but rather as an alternative within Galdós's broader revision of the Krausist's ideal of the "hombre nuevo" in the late 1870s.
Auditar la selva: Finanzas, burocracia y desequilibrio en La vorágine de José Eustasio Rivera
Authors: Sánchez-Rodríguez Nicolás
Published: January 2024

RESUMEN: Este artículo argumenta que la estética del desequilibrio de La vorágine de José Eustasio Rivera señala la imposibilidad de disciplinar la acumulación de capital por medio de la escritura. A lo largo del siglo XIX, los criollos imaginaron que el dinero y la letra, guiados por la mano invisible, serían capaces de administrar la rebelde materia americana y convertirla armoniosamente en valores de cambio. En oposición a este dogma liberal, la experimentación formal de la novela de Rivera, publicada en los eufóricos años 20, sugiere que el capitalismo no es un sistema balanceado como argumentan sus apologistas, sino un turbulento remolino caracterizado por su volatilidad. El inestable diario de Arturo Cova parodia los futuros prometidos por los prospectos financieros y evidencia los límites del capital al mostrar que este, incluso cuando se desata con más severidad, se topa con una materialidad que se niega tercamente a dejarse reducir a una unidad de cuenta abstracta. RESUMEN: Este artículo argumenta que la estética del desequilibrio de la Vorágine de José Eustasio Rivera señala la imposibilidad de disciplinar la acumulación de capital por medio de la escritura. A lo largo del siglo XIX, los criollos imaginaron que el dinero y la letra, guiados por la mano invisible, serían capaces de administrar la rebelde materia americana y convertirla armoniosamente en valores de cambio. En oposición a este dogma liberal, la experimentación formal de la novela de Rivera, publicada en los eufóricos años 1920, sugiere que el capitalismo no es un sistema balanceado como argumentan sus apologistas, sino un turbulento remolino caracterizado por su volatilidad. El inestable diario de Arturo Cova parodia los futuros prometidos por los prospectos financieros y evidencia los límites del capital al mostrar que este, incluso cuando se desata con más severidad, se topa con una materialidad que se niega tercamente a dejarse reducir a una unidad de cuenta abstracta. Abstract: This article argues that the aesthetic of disequilibrium that distinguishes José Eustasio Rivera's La vorágine points to the impossibility of disciplining capital through writing. Throughout the 1800s, criollos imagined that money and letters, guided by the invisible hand, would be able to administer America's rebel matter and turn it harmoniously into exchange values. In contrast to this dogma, the formal experiment of Rivera's novel, published in the bullish decade of the 1920s, suggests that capitalism is not a balanced system like its apologists claim, but rather a turbulent vortex characterized by its volatility. Arturo Cova's unstable diary parodies the futures promised by financial prospectuses and reminds us of the limits of capital by showing that, even when deployed most recklessly, it still encounters matters that stubbornly refuse to let themselves be reduced to an abstract unit of accounting.
Brote , instalación política disruptiva en las artes escénicas contemporáneas de Valparaíso
Authors: González Lorena Saavedra
Published: January 2024

Abstract: This article aims to deploy the notion of "installation" through an analysis of Brote: instalación escénica en el espacio público , which was staged in Valparaíso in 2021 by the Laboratorio de Creación Teatral and directed by Stefany Duarte. The staging was a political response to both the de-naturalization of public spaces and the plight of women in Chilean society. Duarte began by working with testimonies by women that revolved around their connection to nature. The result is an interdisciplinary, ecofeminist installation that congregates women inside a greenhouse. Granting primacy to image and space over language, Brote is an immersive proposal that depends on spectators for its completion. A politically disruptive event, the premiere of Brote was purposely scheduled to coincide with the 2019 Women's March (M8) and other manifestations staged to call attention to the plight of women in contemporary society.
Demonstration of high-power photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with 1-kHz-class intrinsic linewidths
Authors: Morita Ryohei , Inoue Takuya , Yoshida Masahiro , Enoki Kentaro , De Zoysa Menaka , Ishizaki Kenji , Noda Susumu
Published: January 2024

Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) are capable of single-mode, high-power lasing over a large resonator area owing to two-dimensional resonance at a singularity point of the photonic band structure. Since the number of photons in the lasing mode in PCSELs are much larger than those in conventional semiconductor lasers, PCSELs are in principle suitable for coherent operation with a narrow spectral linewidth. In this paper, we numerically and experimentally investigate intrinsic spectral linewidths of 1-mm-diameter PCSELs under continuous-wave (CW) operation, and we demonstrate CW operation with 1-kHz-class intrinsic linewidths and 5-W-class output power.
A robust intrusion detection system based on a shallow learning model and feature extraction techniques
Authors: E. L. Asry Chadia , Benchaji Ibtissam , Douzi Samira , E. L. Ouahidi Bouabid
Published: January 2024

The escalating prevalence of cybersecurity risks calls for a focused strategy in order to attain efficient resolutions. This study introduces a detection model that employs a tailored methodology integrating feature selection using SHAP values, a shallow learning algorithm called PV-DM, and machine learning classifiers like XGBOOST. The efficacy of our suggested methodology is highlighted by employing the NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 datasets. Our approach in the NSL-KDD dataset exhibits exceptional performance, with an accuracy of 98.92%, precision of 98.92%, recall of 95.44%, and an F1-score of 96.77%. Notably, this performance is achieved by utilizing only four characteristics, indicating the efficiency of our approach. The proposed methodology achieves an accuracy of 82.86%, precision of 84.07%, recall of 77.70%, and an F1-score of 80.20% in the UNSW-NB15 dataset, using only six features. Our research findings provide substantial evidence of the enhanced performance of the proposed model compared to a traditional deep-learning model across all performance metrics.
BioDwelling: A participatory approach to living with living material
Authors: Mackenzie Louise , Modi Kaajal
Published: January 2024

BioDwelling is an arts-led research project that brings ethical concerns of culture, gender and multispecies relationality from the feminist technosciences into direct conversation with the emerging field of biotechnological architecture (bio-architecture). Working within a multi-disciplinary bio-architecture research group, we develop a practice-led methodology to facilitate the exploration of questions that arise when we begin to engineer more-than-human dwelling spaces. In this article we give a brief overview of the work of the Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment (HBBE) and the Responsible Interactions research theme, which outlines the project context. We go on to describe the BioDwelling methodology and introduce three arts-led interventions that draw on feminist science and cultural theory to invite reflections on the ethical implications of working with living materials to build (or grow?) spaces in which humans intend to live. We conclude with a summary of the project to date, reflections on methods and possible next steps.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERACTION OF WATER-GLYCERIN MIXTURE AND SAWDUST OF LARCH LARIX SIBIRICA LEDEB (PINACEAE)
Authors: Akim Eduard L'vovich , Pekaretz Aleksandr Andreyevich , Mukhina Polina Maksimovna , Erokhina Ol'ga Aleksandrovna , Fedorova Olesya Vyacheslavovna , Rogovina Svetlana Zakharovna , Berlin Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2024

The interaction of the eutectic plasticizer – aqua complex «glycerin − water» with sawdust of larch wood of two fractional compositions was studied: a fine fraction (wood flour) and a coarse fraction (sawdust) with a particle size of 1−3 mm. The methods of optical microscopy were used to study the surface properties of samples, to measure the dynamic viscosity of spent solutions on a Brookfield viscometer; to measure the VGS retention index, a modified Jaime water retention technique was used. The obtained data are compared with the results of previous studies, in which it was shown that arabinogalactan (AG) performs the functions of a eutectic plasticizer in the structure of larch wood and is in the form of an aqua complex «AG–water». It was found that the amount of the attached aqua-complex – «glycerin − water» to the samples of larch sawdust corresponds to the amount of AG previously extracted from sawdust. The process of replacing the aqua-complex «AG − water» with the aqua-complex «glycerin – water» is analyzed on the diagram of relaxation states «two polymers – solvent». The experimental results are interpreted on the basis of previously obtained data on the effect of water and glycerin on the relaxation state of polymer components of wood. The fundamental difference between the two eutectic plasticizers is demonstrated: if, when drying larch wood, the destruction of the aqua-complex «AG − water» leads to the transfer of polymer components of wood from a highly elastic to a glassy state, then when using the aqua-complex «glycerin − water» (VGS), water is removed during drying, and the remaining glycerin ensures the preservation of polymer components of wood in a highly elastic state. The possible technological aspects of the revealed patterns are considered.
ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF WATER-ALCOHOL EXTRACTS OF RHODODENDRON ADAMSII R., GROWING IN YAKUTIA
Authors: Zykova Irina Dement'yevna , Naimushina Liliya Viktorovna , Efremov Aleksandr Alekseyevich
Published: January 2024

Classes of extractive substances of rhododendron Adams, growing in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), contained in an aqueous extract and extracts based on 20, 40, 70 and 95% ethyl alcohol were studied. It is shown that these are mainly phenolic compounds, tannins and flavonoids. Moreover, the maximum amount of them is contained in an extract based on 40% ethyl alcohol.

The HPLC method revealed the presence of chlorogenic, caffeic, gallic acids, rutin, quercetin and dihydroquercitin in extracts.

In model reactions with a free stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, the antiradical properties of water-alcohol solutions of Adams rhododendron were studied. The results of the DPPH test showed that the antiradical activity (ARA) is minimal for an extract based on 95% alcohol and increases from 46.7% in the case of an aqueous extract to 60.2% for a 40% aqueous alcohol extract, which is due to the peculiarity of their chemical composition. It is shown that the antiradical activity of extracts correlates well with the content of phenolic compounds in their composition (correlation coefficient 0.98).

According to the size of the ARA, water-alcohol extracts can be arranged in the following row: 40% extract > 20% extract > 70% water-alcohol extract > water extract > 95% alcohol extract.
BIOSYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTICANCER PROPERTIES OF SILVER AND IRON NANOPARTICLES FROM ROSA CANINA L. EXTRACT
Authors: Beyatli Ahmet , Shawuti Shalima , Kariper İshak Afşin , Korkut Isık Neslişah , Aktaş Zerrin , Serap Erdem Kuruca
Published: January 2024

The goal of this research was to make Ag and Fe nanoparticles out of Rosa canina (RC) fruit extract and test their anticancer and antibacterial activity against human breast cancer cell line and different human pathogenic bacteria. Green synthesis used to synthesize silver (RC-AgNPs) and iron (RC-FeNPs) nanoparticles from the fruit aqueous extract of RC. The formation of nanoparticles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. RC-AgNPs formation was also investigated the surface charge, particle size, and distribution using zetasizer analysis by DLS. Both nanoparticles showed different levels of cytotoxicity against AGS (human gastric adenocarcinoma) cell line, while RC-AgNPs was not cytotoxic to HUVEC (Human umbilical vein endothelial) cell line in same concentrations which expressing selective anticancer effect. RC-AgNPs showed antibacterial activity against multidrug pathogens, but RC-FeNPs failed to show such activity. The current study's findings point to the prospective applications of green synthesized RC-AgNPs and RC-FeNPs in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, and nanotechnology industries.
CHEMICAL PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURE WASTES INTO VANILLIN, PULP AND GLUCOSE
Authors: Golubkov Viktor A. , Tarabanko Valery E. , Kaygorodov Konstantin L. , Shestakov Semen L. , Chelbina Yulia V. , Smirnova Marina A. , Popov Arkady A. , Skripnikov Andrey M. , Vigul Dmitry O. , Borovkova Valentina S.
Published: January 2024

Agrotechnical wastes from processing herbaceous plants consist of lignin and polysaccharides, which can be processed into monomers – phenols and carbohydrates. The prospects of chemical processing of several agrotechnical waste types with a high lignin content (flax shives, sunflower seed husks and buckwheat husks) into vanillin, pulp, and glucose by oxidation and acid hydrolysis were studied. It has been shown that despite the distant phylogenetic relationship of the studied plants, their lignins have a similar structure: they contain a similar amount of methoxyl groups (10–13 wt.% per lignin) and give close yields of aromatic aldehydes upon oxidation with nitrobenzene (17–19%) and oxygen (14–16%). In general, the suitability of agrotechnical wastes for oxidation to aromatic aldehydes determines by the lignin content. Among the studied wastes, flax shives are the most promising feedstock for chemical processing into vanillin and glucose. Cellulose-containing solid residues of oxidation process are more easily hydrolyzed compared to the initial lignocellulosic biomass. The inversion of glucose oligomers during the hydrolysis of cellulose with H2SO4 is limited by the hydrolysis of the tetra- and octamers.
The impact of supply chain risk and supply chain integration on organizational performance
Authors: Malik Tahir , Hassan Syed Mehmood , Tufail Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Goal: The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of supply chain integration for Supply chain risks heading toward organizational performance. This study is mainly focused on the dairy sector of emerging economies.
Design / Methodology / Approach: This is quantitative research, in which a multi-item scale web-based survey was conducted to collect primary data. 407 stakeholders of the dairy industry, specifically the customers and the ones dealing with supply chain operations and the planning and integration department were investigated. Confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency were applied to test the reliability and fitness of the measurement model and structural equation modeling-SEM is used to test the proposed hypotheses.
Results: The results suggest that in the dairy sector, both customer and supplier risks, act as barriers to implementing (SCI) supply chain integration and also negatively influence (OP) organizational performance. However, supplier risks, belonging to the dairy industry of an agricultural-based country like Pakistan, have a comparatively less negative impact on organizational performance as compared to customer risk, conversely, supply chain integration helps the organization to achieve better performance. The integration indeed acts as a strong mediator in reducing the negative impact of supply chain risk.
Limitations of the investigation: This study utilizes cross-sectional data, which restricts the researchers to depict the entire manifestation of (SCR) supply chain risk, supply chain integration, and organization performance, for businesses operating in the dairy sector of a developing economy, like Pakistan.
Practical implications: This study helps managers to use  SCI as a tool to reduce the impact of supply chain risk i.e. supplier risk and customer risk on organizational performance. Also, this study explains the importance of customer risk as compared to supplier risk associated with perishable products.
Originality / Value: This paper enriches the literature in an evolving area of SCI and SCR, by investigating the mediating role of SCI. Two key risks i.e. supplier risk and customer risk associated with the supply chain network of dairy sector organizations are addressed, along with the mediating ability of supply chain integration to improve firm performance is investigated.
Determination of the rational shift value the center of the magnetic system electromagnetic bearing
Authors: Starikov Alexander V. , Kostyukov Vladislav D.
Published: January 2024

The article sets the task of determining the rational value of the displacement of the center of the magnetic system of an electromagnetic bearing relative to the axis of rotation, at which, with equal currents in opposite electromagnets, the weight force falling on one axis of the bearing will be completely compensated. To achieve the set, the equations of motion of the rotor in the field of electromagnets are considered. It is shown that the rational value of the displacement of the center of the magnetic system is determined from a fourth-order algebraic equation. The analytical solution of Descartes-Euler of this equation is applied. Analytical expressions are found that allow to determine the rational value of the displacement of the center of the magnetic system relative to the axis of rotation according to the known parameters of the electromagnetic bearing. A study was made of the stability of a three-circuit control system of an electromagnetic bearing when the center of the magnetic system is shifted by a rational value relative to the axis of rotation. It is proved that the displacement of the center of the magnetic system by the calculated value does not affect the stability of the control system of the electromagnetic bearing with the settings of the regulators selected for the central position of the rotor.
O kształtowaniu się administracji wodnej w II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Szymczak Andrzej
Published: January 2024

W chwili odzyskania przez Polskę niepodległości w 1918 r. na ziemiach polskich istniało kilka systemów prawnych, które stanowiły pozostałość po zaborcach. Punktem wyjścia do unifikacji administracji było oparcie się na dotychczasowym stanie prawnym, reformowanym stopniowo we wszystkich byłych zaborach. Pierwsze kroki w tworzeniu nowej administracji publicznej poczyniono w dziale administracji rządowej. To właśnie ona miała się stać władzą wodną w II Rzeczpospolitej. W Polsce międzywojennej administracja rządowa dzieliła się na centralną i terytorialną. Proces tworzenia administracji centralnej przebiegał zdecydowanie najszybciej.
Zaliczki na podatki obrotowy i dochodowy w Polsce w latach 1944-1950
Authors: Witkowski Andrzej
Published: January 2024

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie szczegółowych rozwiązań i funkcjonowania mechanizmu płatności podatków obrotowego i dochodowego w formie zaliczek miesięcznych w latach 1944-1950. W badanym okresie władze skarbowe, które zajmowały się wymiarem podatków bezpośrednich, pobieranych na rzecz Skarbu Państwa (urzędy skarbowe, urzędy rewizyjne, izby skarbowe) działały jako organy administracji niezespolonej, podległe ministrowi skarbu. Ustawa z 7 III 1950 r. przekształciła urząd Ministra Skarbu w urząd Ministra Finansów, zaś ustawa z 20 III 1950 r. o terenowych organach jednolitej władzy państwowej zniosła m.in. wszystkie terenowe władze pierwszej i drugiej instancji, podległe dotychczas Ministrowi Finansów, a w art. 37 postanowiła, że „Rady narodowe i ich organa przejmuj dotychczasowy zakres właściwości zniesionych organów odpowiedniego stopnia".
Nowe studium o staropolskim wymiarze sprawiedliwości. Uwagi w związku z prac Zygfryda Rymaszewskiego Z badań nad organizacją sądów prawa polskiego w średniowieczu. Woźny sądowy, 2008
Authors: Mikuła Maciej , Uruszczak Wacław
Published: January 2024

Nowe studium o staropolskim wymiarze sprawiedliwości. Uwagi w związku z prac Zygfryda Rymaszewskiego "Z badań nad organizacją sądów prawa polskiego w średniowieczu. Woźny sądowy", 2008.
Forschungen zur Rechtsarchäologie und rechtlichen Volkskunde, Bd. 23-24, 2006-2007 (Andrzej Gulczyński)
Authors: Gulczyński Andrzej
Published: January 2024

Recenzja: Forschungen zur Rechtsarchäologie und Rechtlichen Volkskunde. Hrsg. von Louis Carlen, Bd. 23-24, Schulthess, Zürich 2006-2007.
Kościół wobec nowelizacji z 10 lutego 1976 roku Konstytucji PRL (1952)
Authors: Mażewski Lech
Published: January 2024

The Church protests against the plans to amend the Polish People's Republic Constitution of 1976 were rather successful, and in consequence the government had partially given up the proposed amendments. In the Church's view, the real problem was not the dominance of the United Polish Workers' Party, but the Soviet influences in Polish People's Republic. It was felt that although, at that particular moment of history, even the authoritarian system and limited independence could be, if reluctantly, accepted, the powers of the government needed to be clearly demarcated and free from ideological obligations, including implementation of official atheism. Those limes were a manifestation of the integrity of human rights and the family, the respect for the Church and its place in public life, and, above all, from the fact that Poland of those time enjoyed a relatively wide internal and external autonomy.
Film w działaniach edukacyjnych, czyli od edukacji filmowej do edukacji przez film
Authors: Jakubowski Witold
Published: January 2024

The article aims to indicate different perspectives of film education. According to the author, three possible strategies can be identified: education to film (“film studies” strategy), education in film (“anthropological” strategy) and education through film (“hermeneutic” strategy). In traditional conceptions of cultural education, film education was treated as part of aesthetic education which highlighted the aspect of preparing the viewer as an “expert” with knowledge of the art discipline, corresponding to the “film studies’ strategy”. In the “anthropological strategy”, film is treated as a reflection of society, its fears, and dominant narratives. The viewer’s expectations are different and moreover the competence of the art theorist is replaced by knowledge of culture and society and the changes taking place within it. From an educational point of view, however, the most interesting perspective is the “hermeneutic” one that treats film as a partner in dialogue, when the educational potential of a film text is determined not by its “content” but by the “biographical capital” of the viewer.
Wolontariat na obszarze globalnego Południa. Organizacje i obszar ich działalności
Authors: Jarosz Jacek
Published: January 2024

The work of organizations engaged in social activities is an example of a solidarity-based response to some of the vital problems of the modern world. Polish entities involved in such activities include non-governmental organizations (mainly foundations and associations) and church organizations. The area of work for some of them is the so-called global South. The article aims to indicate which entities offer participation in volunteering in the global South and to identify those that engage in volunteering dedicated to educational activities. The achievement of this goal will e.g. enable more detailed research on the activities of various entities in the global South. This article presents theoretical considerations related to attempts to divide the world into the global North and global South, as well as the types of Polish entities undertaking broadly defined social activities. It also presents a list of entities that offer Poles to participate in volunteering in the global South with an indication of the thematic areas of volunteer activities.
PEGylated porcine–human recombinant uricase: A novel fusion protein with improved efficacy and safety for the treatment of hyperuricemia and renal complications
Authors: Wang Xiangyan , Lu Hao , Rong Jun , Sun Zhongjie , Zheng Yanhua , Fan Bolin , Jia Ziming
Published: January 2024

The growing prevalence of hyperuricemia necessitates the urgent development of more potent treatments. This study aimed to develop, optimize, and evaluate the safety and efficacy of porcine–human recombinant uricase (PHRU) both in vitro and in vivo. The study employed gene editing of PHRU through site-directed mutagenesis, with recombinant proteins expressed in vitro utilizing Escherichia coli. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) approach was employed to augment uricase stability and diminish immunogenicity. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of PHRU were tested in vitro and in Sprague Dawley rats. Successful expression of the fusion protein in E. coli and the development of the PEGylated drug were achieved. In vitro experiments confirmed the efficacy of PEG-PHRU in degrading uric acid, with PEGylation not markedly affecting the biological activity of PHRU. Animal studies revealed that PEG-PHRU significantly lowered plasma uric acid levels and mitigated hyperuricemia-induced renal damage in rats. Both drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics exhibited favorable characteristics without observable adverse effects in experimental animals. This novel fusion protein shows the potential for ameliorating hyperuricemia and related renal complications, highlighting it as a promising drug candidate with substantial market applications.
A reactive monocyte subset characterized by low expression of CD91 is expanded during sterile and septic inflammation
Authors: Gosset Christian , Foguenne Jacques , Simul Mickaël , Layios Nathalie , Massion Paul B. , Damas Pierre , Gothot André
Published: January 2024

Objectives

This study was undertaken to assess CD91 expression on monocytes and changes in monocyte subset distribution during acute tissue damage and bloodstream infection (BSI).

Methods

We investigated blood specimens from healthy individuals, trauma and cardiac surgery patients as a model of tissue damage, and patients with BSI, by flow cytometry using a panel of antibodies comprising CD45, HLA-DR, CD14, CD16 and CD91 for the identification of monocyte subsets.

Results

While infrequent in healthy subjects, CD91low/neg monocyte levels were markedly high in BSI, trauma and after cardiac surgery. This monocyte subset expanded up to 15-fold in both patient cohorts, whereas CD14+CD16+ inflammatory monocytes were multiplied by a factor of 5 only. CD14+CD91low monocytes displayed a significantly lower density of HLA-DR and markedly reduced expression of CD300e, compared to the other subsets. They also expressed high levels of myeloperoxidase and showed robust phagocytic and oxidative burst activity.

Conclusions

Expansion of CD91low monocytes is a sensitive marker of acute inflammatory states of infectious and non-infectious etiology.
Der Raum lehrt. Hermann Hesses Bildungsroman im Licht der Qiao-Yiologie
Authors: Meng Guofeng
Published: January 2024

Im Rahmen der Qiao-Yiologie wird in diesem Beitrag anhand der Analyse verschiedener Räume in Hermann Hesses Bildungsromanen – namentlich des Flusses in Siddhartha, der Pestepidemie in Narziß und Goldmund sowie des Bambusgehölzes in Das Glasperlenspiel – aufgezeigt, dass der junge Protagonist die Akkumulation von Erkenntnissen sowie die geistige Erhebung (Yi) in einem bestimmten Raum auf seinem Entwicklungsweg (Qiao) erreicht. In Verbindung mit der zweidimensionalen Qiao-Yi-Konstruktion werden folgende Schlussfolgerungen gezogen: Die erzieherische Funktion des Raums ist nicht nur Ausdruck des I Ging und der taoistischen Konzepte von Yin und Yang, sondern auch eine Bekräftigung des menschlichen Geistes in der harmonischen Resonanz zwischen Menschen und Objekten. Obwohl diese Räume ihre pädagogische Funktion in unterschiedlichen Formen erfüllen, haben sie dieselben kulturellen und anthropologischen Implikationen.
ISL1 and POU4F1 directly interact to regulate the differentiation and survival of inner ear sensory neurons
Authors: Xu Mei , Li Shuchun , Xie Xiaoling , Guo Luming , Yu Dongliang , Zhuo Jiaping , Lin Jacey , Kol Lotem , Gan Lin
Published: January 2024

The inner ear sensory neurons play a pivotal role in auditory processing and balance control. Though significant progresses have been made, the underlying mechanisms controlling the differentiation and survival of the inner ear sensory neurons remain largely unknown. During development, ISL1 and POU4F transcription factors are co-expressed and are required for terminal differentiation, pathfinding, axon outgrowth and survival of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. However, little is understood about their functional relationship and regulatory mechanism in neural development. Here, we have knocked outIsl1orPou4f1or both in mice of both sexes. In the absence ofIsl1, the differentiation of cochleovestibular ganglion (CVG) neurons is disturbed and thatIsl1-deficient CVG neurons display defects in migration and axon pathfinding. Compound deletion ofIsl1andPou4f1causes a delay in CVG differentiation and results in a more severe CVG defect with a loss of nearly all of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Moreover, ISL1 and POU4F1 interact directly in developing CVG neurons and act cooperatively as well as independently in regulating the expression of unique sets of CVG-specific genes crucial for CVG development and survival by binding to thecis-regulatory elements including the promoters ofFgf10,Pou4f2andEpha5and enhancers ofEya1andNtng2. These findings demonstrate thatIsl1andPou4f1are indispensable for CVG development and maintenance by acting epistatically to regulate genes essential for CVG development.

Significance StatementInner ear neurons play critical roles in hearing and balance by transmitting auditory information in the form of electric signals from sensory hair cells to the brain. To study the genetic basis underlying their development, we identified the direct interaction and roles of transcription factors ISL1 and POU4F1 in regulating the development and maintenance of cochleovestibular ganglion (CVG) neurons. Moreover, our expression analysis uncovered thatIsl1andPou4f1are involved in the feedback regulation of CVG pioneer genes and control CVG differentiation genes. Furthermore, we identified and validated the function of thecis-regulatory elements bound by ISL1 and POU4F1 in vivo. Together, these findings provide insights into the gene regulatory network controlling the development of the inner ear neurons.
Instituciones de educación superior como referentes nacionales e internacionales para la universidad Santo Tomás, seccional Bucaramanga
Authors: Vargas Leal Viviana Marcela , Cervantes Díaz Martha , Idárraga-Ortiz Sergio Alejandro
Published: January 2024

El informe presenta una revisión de los rankings de instituciones de educación superior más reconocidos a nivel nacional e internacional, que pueden servir como referentes para la Universidad Santo Tomás, seccional Bucaramanga, en la definición de su plan de desarrollo. Se mencionan algunos de los rankings más destacados, como el QS World University Rankings, Times Higher Education World University Rankings y Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), y se describen los indicadores utilizados en cada uno de ellos.
Changeability of quantitative and quality signs of pollen of Robinia pseudoacacia L. is in the conditions of megalopolis
Authors: Matiashuk R. K. , Tkachenko I. V.
Published: January 2024

The work is aimed at spreading the practice of bioindication, in particular palynoindication of atmospheric air quality in the surface layer. It is possible to continue monitoring the state of the environment in Ukraine under the conditions of the destructive impact of military operations only with the use of methodologically and economically accessible approaches. The obtained results provide an opportunity to make scientifically based conclusions about the state of the environment and recommendations for zoning territories according to environmental risks for the population. Assessment of the state of atmospheric air in the surface layer is important for determining the potential consequences for the ecosystem and for assessing the risk to public health. We believe that the most informative are the results of the study of plants of the shrub layer. Their generative part is exposed to the long-term effects of the main components of air pollution in the zone of maximum impact on the respiratory system of people. Cytogenetic testing was carried out on Robinia pseudoacacia plants, which belong to the group of sensitive phytoindicator species. Monitoring was carried out during 2020–2021 at 7 locations of park, forest-park ecosystems and street landscaping in four administrative districts of Kyiv. The analysis of weather and climate conditions, the differences of the studied territories in terms of the level of atmospheric air pollution, the level of anthropogenic load, the intensity of transport connections, as well as the provision of green spaces as the main factor in reducing the impact of the urban environment on the state of life and health of the population is given. It was noted that the pollen sterility index reflects the influence of non-optimal factors of the growing environment on the reproductive potential of R. pseudoacacia. The variability of the morphometric characteristics of dry grains according to the shape index is also a fairly informative indicator of its quality. In particular, a tendency to decrease in the equatorial diameter and a further prolonged decrease in the length of the polar axis during the flowering phase of plants was observed. A significant increase in the proportion of degenerated and hypertrophied grains of R. pseudoacacia was noted in areas with significant influence of a complex of exogenous factors and year conditions. Intensive inhibition of the microsporogenesis process was noted in plants in areas with active traffic. Minimal violations were observed in plants from large park plantations. A certain improvement in the state of the atmospheric air during the lockdown period also contributed to a decrease in the number of morphologically abnormal grains. The results of cytotesting of the sensitivity of R. pseudoacacia pollen to the influence of factors of the growing environment can serve as an important component of the assessment of the quality of the environment and zoning of the territories of the metropolis.
Dynamics of SOD activity and accumulation of TBA-active products in the process of ontogeny of some sod-forming plants in a megalopolis
Authors: Boroday Ye. S. , Lykholat T. Yu. , Lykholat Yu. V.
Published: January 2024

In the conditions of a modern metropolis, green spaces are an integral planning structure, which the issues of not only improving the aesthetics of the city's architecture, but also improving the environmental safety of the population are solved. Lawn grasses play a significant role in improving the microclimate of urban areas; the harmful concentration of gases in the air decreases, the regulation of the thermal regime and humidity is observed. Since almost half of the urban area is occupied by sod-forming plants, it is relevant to study the resistance of these species to anthropogenic impact in an urbanized environment. The aim of the work was to assess the state of the antioxidant system, namely the activity of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.11), and the accumulation of TBA-active products in the process of ontogeny of sod-forming plants growing in a metropolis. The objects of the study were Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) and Elytrígia répens (L.) Nevski.). It has been established that due to oxidative stress caused by vehicle emissions and industrial aeropollutants, there is an intensification of lipid peroxidation processes in the vegetative organs of Setaria viridis, Elytrigia repens during all phases of ontogeny. According to the results of the research, it was found that Elytrigia repens was more stable in terms of the content of TBA-active products (the level of the indicator in leaves was 30–50 %, roots – 20–44 % higher than the control indices) compared to Setaria viridis, for which the excess was 50–70 % (leaves) and 40–62 % (roots). SOD activity is an indicator of resilience to stressors and varies with the duration and intensity of stressors. The obtained results indicate that the enzyme activity of experimental plants in the generative state (increase in enzyme activity by 47.5–38 % in Elytrigia repens, by 74–62.5 % in Setaria viridis) in contaminated areas was higher than in virginile individuals (SOD activity levels: Elytrigia repens (37.5–26.5 %), Setaria viridis (60–50 %). The presence of close correlations between the activity of SOD and the content of TBA-active products characterizing the adaptive potential of plant organisms in the vegetative organs of the studied species was established.
Assessment of the soil buffer capacity in the green plantings of the megalopolis parks
Authors: Didur O. O. , Ivanko I. A. , Holoborodko K. K. , Katsevych V. V. , Strepetova Kh. V. , Grytsan Y. I.
Published: January 2024

Land degradation poses a serious challenge to food security, livelihood sustainability, ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation, while inefficient land management leads to widespread loss of soil biodiversity. The soil buffer capacity is actively involved in the mechanisms of implementing such an ecosystem service as the development and stabilization of soil fertility. Buffering determines the share of the soil potential that determines the processes of immobilization (deposition) and mobilization (release, loss) of a particular element of fertility – first of all, mineral nutrients required by plants, productive moisture, thermal energy of the soil, gas composition of soil air, acidity. The soils in parks on the territory of megacities are an integral component of them determining the conditions for the growth and development of green spaces. We assessed the acid-base (pH) buffer capacity of urban areas in a park area covered with tree stands of such introduced tree species as horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), small-leaved elm (Ulmus parvifolia), common hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) and Japanese pagoda tree (Styphnolobium japonicum) growing on the territory of the T. G. Shevchenko Park (Dnipro city, Ukraine). Soil samples were collected under the crowns of these tree species. The acid-base buffering capacity of urban soils was determined by the Arrhenius method, which includes adding certain volumes of acid and alkaline components to the sample, and further calculating the buffering area within acid and base intervals. Buffering areas were calculated using the Simpson formula. The results were processed with statistical methods (arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated, and the difference in means was found according to the Tukey's comparison test). Initially the samples of the studied soils were found to have mostly a slightly alkaline reaction of the soil solution. Within the acid range of external influences, the buffer capacity of urban soils under introduced tree species was determined to establish the following descending series: horse chestnut, common hackberry, small-leaved elm, honey locust, Japanese pagoda tree, sugar maple. The same series was established for the total acid-base buffering capacity. The results show the greater acid-base buffer capacity of soils sampled under horse chestnut, common hackberry, small-leaved elm and honey locust trees, and therefore these soils were resistant to degradation compared to the soils sampled under Japanese pagoda tree and sweet maple. The environment-forming role of introduced tree species in the implementation of buffer properties of urban soils in the park on the megalopolis territory can be assumed.
The reconstruction impact on the urban ecosystem park plantings on the example of the Oles Gonchar Dnipro National University Botanical Garden
Authors: Golovnya A. V. , Kunakh O. M.
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the reconstruction impact on park plantings located in the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University Botanical Garden. The reconstruction of the botanical garden was carried out in 2018 and consisted of the removal of 74 old trees, sanitary pruning of some plantings, and the laying of asphalt paths. To determine the impact of the reconstruction on the greenery of the DNU Botanical Garden, four test plots were laid down: plots a and b in the reconstruction area, plots c and d in the unreconstructed area. The following physical parameters of the soil were measured at the test sites: soil penetration resistance, electrical conductivity and moisture. The research was conducted in April – May 2021. Soil penetration resistance is an informative indicator sensitive to anthropogenic impact, its measurement is fast and allows obtaining significant amounts of information in a short time. Electrical conductivity is related to soil moisture and salt content. These indicators, combined with phytoindication methods, allowed us to draw conclusions about the impact of the reconstruction on the soil and green spaces. The landfills differed significantly after reconstruction in terms of the profile distribution of average soil penetration resistance values. The reconstruction area soil is characterized by the appearance of peak soil penetration resistance values at depths of 35–50 cm and 85–90 cm. Polygons a and b have much higher values of topsoil penetration resistance than polygons c and d. The coefficient of variation of soil penetration resistance profile distribution at the test sites in the reconstruction zone also demonstrates a specific character – it has a pronounced peak at a depth of 25–40 cm and gradually decreases with depth. The conclusion about the reconstruction impact on the soil penetration resistance of the botanical garden soil changes was made based on the results of the General Linear Model, which was estimated by the Radj2 index. The distribution of soil electrical conductivity values has a pronounced bell-shaped character. At all the test sites, there is a tendency for electrical conductivity increasing which is positively correlated with moisture. By means of the phytoindicative scales the hemerobia index was determined, which demonstrated a statistically significant linear relationship (p < 0.001) with soil electrical conductivity.
Testament ustny w świetle projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy Kodeks cywilny w wersji z dnia 7 października 2022 roku
Authors: Pogorzelec Kamila
Published: January 2024

Jedną z najczęściej występujących form testamentu szczególnego w polskim systemie prawnym jest testament ustny uregulowany w art. 952 Kodeksu cywilnego. Ta forma oświadczenia woli spadkodawcy przysparza problemy dowodowe w praktyce sądowej. W doktrynie podnosi się, że przypadki fałszowania testamentów ustnych są o wiele częstsze niż innych testamentów. Stąd, w projekcie zmiany ustawy Kodeks cywilny w wersji z dnia 7 października 2022 roku proponuje się istotną zmianę treści art. 952 k.c. lub nawet jego uchylenie. W projekcie przyjęto argumenty przemawiające za zmianą treści art. 952 k.c. i poprzestano na modyfikacji przesłanek gwarantujących skuteczność sporządzenia takiego testamentu oraz sposobów jego stwierdzenia.
Konstytucyjna zasada pomocniczości a świadcząca rola samorządu gminnego
Authors: Jaworski Bogdan
Published: January 2024

W opracowaniu badania zostały skoncentrowane na opisie i analizach odnoszących się do wybranych zasad ustrojowych, z położeniem szczególnego akcentu na pomocniczość. Kolejnym wątkiem rozważań jest zwrócenie uwagi na najważniejsze aspekty funkcjonowania samorządu gminnego jako administracji świadczącej. Celem badań jest podjęcie próby powiązania zasady pomocniczości z funkcją świadczącą samorządu gminnego.W konsekwencji przystępując do badań postawiono hipotezę badawczą, która zakłada, że podstawą działalności świadczącej samorządu gminnego jest konstytucyjna zasada pomocniczości. Przeprowadzone analizy pozwoliły na potwierdzenie postawionej tezy oraz przedstawienie wniosku de lege ferenda o potrzebie ujęcia zasady subsydiarności w tzw. ustawach samorządowych. Przedmiotem badań prowadzonych w oparciu o zasadę prawno-dogmatyczną oraz analityczną jest samorząd gminny jako administracja świadcząca.