bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El uso de la hoja de coca como manifestación cultural inmaterial
Authors: Castro Blanco Elías , Mora González Juan Carlos
Published: July 2018

La investigación cuyo avance técnico se presenta en este artículo permitirá establecer si el consumo y comercialización de alimentos a base de hoja de coca por parte del pueblo Nasa, del departamento del Cauca, puede ser considerado manifestación del patrimonio cultural inmaterial de la nación, así como también de qué manera y hasta qué punto la comunidad internacional puede prohibir y tratar de erradicar su uso, dado que forma parte de sus tradiciones milenarias. La tesis a defender consiste en que frente a la ingesta de coca por parte de la comunidad Nasa, el Estado colombiano debe velar por la protección de estos pueblos, privilegiando sus usos médicos, rituales y simbólicos, antes que ceder a las presiones externas, amparadas en acuerdos como la Junta Interamericana de Fiscalización de Estupefacientes (jife).
La omisión legislativa en materia de contrato de alquiler de vientre materno en Colombia y consecuencias jurídicas
Authors: Cruz Palomo Juan Camilo , Castro Ortiz Laura Lusma
Published: July 2018

El presente ensayo tiene como fundamento y tema objeto de desarrollo lo relacionado con las consecuencias de la falta de regulación en la que ha incurrido el legislador colombiano en materia del contrato de alquiler de vientre materno; hasta dónde llega la afectación de derechos fundamentales de los niños, niñas y adolescentes en general, y de las parejas que deciden alquilar un vientre con el fin de procrear y extender su núcleo familiar, para tiempo después encontrarse con la negativa de la madre sustituta a entregar el niño que biológicamente es descendiente de los padres contratantes.
ESPIRAL RePARe: UM MODELO METODOLÓGICO DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSOR CENTRADO NA SALA DE AULA
Authors: Magina Sandra Maria Pinto , Santana Eurivalda Ribeiro dos Santos , Santos Aparecido dos , Merlini Vera Lúcia
Published: July 2018

Este artigo objetiva apresentar um modelo metodológico de estratégia formativa, construído a partir de várias experiências com formação de professores entre os anos de 2001 e de 2007. O modelo, chamado espiral RePARe (Reflexão, planejamento, ação, Reflexão), toma por base as ideias teóricas de Schön (1983, 2000). O modelo foi validado em quatro projetos de pesquisa, que foram realizados em tempos (2008 a 2010 e 2013 a 2017) e espaços distintos (São Paulo, Bahia, Pernambuco e Ceará). Esses projetos focaram as estruturas aditivas ou multiplicativas e tiveram como público alvo o professor que atuava no Ensino Fundamental. Os bons resultados nos incentivaram a apresentar tal modelo para a comunidade científica. Ele segue um formato de espiral, que começa por uma ação diagnóstica, perpassando pela reflexão, depois o planejamento e, por fim, retoma-se a ação, perfazendo uma volta completa. A cada volta, o conhecimento é tratado de forma mais ampla e profunda. O número de voltas que da espiral, ao longo da formação, dependerá do acerto entre formador e formandos. O artigo conclui que a espiral RePARe como modelo metodológico eficiente de estratégia formativa, tendo em vista especificamente a formação em serviço de professor, seja ele especialista ou polivalente.
Aplikasi Metode TTSR (Tekanan Tinggi Suhu Rendah) Dalam Pengolahan Bandeng Duri Lunak
Authors: Anggo Apri Dwi , Riyadi Putut Har , Rianingsih Laras '- , Wijayanti Ima '-
Published: July 2018

Pengolahan bandeng duri lunak sangat rentan untuk menurunkan kualitas nutrisi produk yang dihasilkan. Telah dilakukan percobaan tentang penggunaan tekanan yang berbeda pada pengolahan bandeng duri lunak menggunakan metode TTSR (Tekanan Tinggi Suhu Rendah). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membandingkan pengolahan bandeng duri lunak biasa dengan metode TTSR serta mengkaji pengaruh perbedaan tekanan pada pengolahan bersuhu rendah (+100oC) terhadap kualitas bandeng duri lunak yang dihasilkan. Bahan baku penelitian adalah ikan bandeng dengan berat 200-250g dari Semarang. Alat yang digunakan adalah seperangkat peralatan autoclave termodifikasi, thermocouple serta beberapa peralatan uji fisik dan kimiawi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan metode pemasakan memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kualitas bandeng duri lunak yang dihasilkan. Tekanan yang berbeda selama pengolahan bersuhu rendah belum bisa menurunkan kekerasan tulang sampai batas yang dikehendaki. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa semua parameter diterima konsumen, tetapi untuk nilai kekerasan tulang menunjukkan nilai tinggi yang berarti tulang tersebut masih keras. Perbedaan perlakuan memberikan berpengaruh nyata terhadap penurunan available lysin, protein terlarut dan nilai proksimatnya. Kata Kunci: Bandeng duri lunak, suhu, tekanan, autoclave termodifikasi.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Karagenan Terhadap Sifat Fisikokimia Otak-otak Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: SAPUTRO DWIYANTO , Agustini Tri Winarni , Rianingsih Laras
Published: July 2018

Otak-otak ikan merupakan salah satu produk diversifikasi hasil perikanan yang sudah dikenal luas oleh masyarakat. Beberapa metode yang telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk otak-otak ikan , salah satunya adalah dengan penambahan karagenan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi karagenan terhadap sifat fisikokimia otak-otak ikan lele dumbo. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan konsentrasi berbeda penambahan  karagenan  yaitu 0%, 0,5%, 1%, dan 1,5%) dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Data nilai sensori dianalisis dengan Kruskal-Wallis test dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann –Whitney untuk data non parametrik, sedangkan  kekuatan gel, kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar abu dan kadar protein dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam. Untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan, data diuji dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan karagenan  berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kekuatan gel, kadar air, kadar protein dan kadar abu. Otak-otak ikan lele dumbo dengan penambahan konsentrasi 1% merupakan produk yang terbaik dengan kriteria mutu: kekuatan gel 8155 g.cm; kadar air 54,38%; kadar protein 14,33%; kadar abu 2,12%; dan kadar lemak 3,59%. Nilai proksimat ikan tersebut memenuhi persyaratan mutu SNI. Kata Kunci: karagenan, kekuatan gel, Otak-otak Ikan
Pengaruh Konsumsi Serat Pangan Barley Pada Metabolisme Lipid
Authors: Ferdiansyah M Khoiron
Published: July 2018

Barley adalah tanaman serealia yang mempunyai serat pangan beta glukan dengan kandungan yang cukup tinggi. Beta glukan sebagai komponen dietary fiber mampu meningkatkan ekskresi asam empedu atau neutral sterols, meningkatkan katabolisme low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), dan mengurangi absorpsi lemak. Azoxymethane (AOM) merupakan senyawa karsinogen yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan metabolisme lipid dalam tubuh. Gangguan metabolisme lipid akan mengakibatkan kenaikan konsentrasi TG, TC, dan LDL serta menurunkan konsentrasi HDL. Adanya konsumsi dietary fiber barley dapat memberikan pengaruh positif atau efek pemulihan terhadap objek percobaan yang telah mengalami gangguan metabolisme lipid tersebut. Azoxymethane (AOM) merupakan senyawa karsinogen yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan metabolisme lipid dalam tubuh. Gangguan metabolisme lipid akan mengakibatkan kenaikan konsentrasi TG, TC, dan LDL serta menurunkan konsentrasi HDL. Adanya konsumsi dietary fiber barley dapat memberikan pengaruh positif atau efek pemulihan terhadap objek percobaan yang telah mengalami gangguan metabolisme lipid tersebut. Kata kunci: barley, serat pangan, lipid
Model Pembelajaran Numbered Head Together untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar IPS Kelas IV SD
Authors: Sukesi Sukesi
Published: July 2018

Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) merupakan salah satu pelajaran yang diberikan mulai SD/MI mengkaji seperangkat peristiwa, fakta, dan generalisasi yang berkaitan dengan fenomena alam serta kehidupan makhluk. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui gambaran objektif tentang peningkatan hasil belajar IPS dengan metode Numbered Head Together pada Siswa Kelas VI Semester II di SDN 4 Bendorejo  Kecamatan Pogalan Kabupaten Trenggalek Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VI SDN 4 Bendorejo Kecamatan Pogalan  Kabupaten Trenggalek semester  genap tahun pelajaran 2016/2017  yang berjumlah 15 siswa dengan rincian 8 siswa laki-laki dan 7 siswa perempuan. Teknik analisis yang dipakai rata-rata dan persentase. Hasil analisis data yang siswa tuntas pada siklus I mencapai 7 siswa (47%), sedangkan pada siklus II mencapai 13 siswa (87%). Dengan demikian ada kenaikan tingkat ketuntasan belajar sebesar 6 siswa (40%). Nilai rata-rata kelas yang dicapai siswa pada siklus I sebesar 75 Sedangkan pada siklus II naik menjadi 83. Dengan demikian nilai  rata-rata kelas naik sebesar 8. Nilai rata-rata kelas yang dicapai siswa pada siklus I sebesar 75 Sedangkan pada siklus II naik menjadi 83. Dengan demikian nilai  rata-rata kelas naik sebesar 8. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa: Penerapan model pembelajaran Numbered Head Together (NHT) dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar IPS materi Kegiatan Ekspor Impor bagi siswa kelas VI semester II di SDN 4 Bendorejo  Kecamatan Pogalan Kabupaten Trenggalek Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017.
Everyone is A Teacher Here: Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Mata Pelajaran IPA Kelas IV SD
Authors: Suryani Suryani
Published: July 2018

Guru merasa enggan untuk melaksanakan model pembelajaran yang inovatif karena dianggap terlalu merepotkan Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dalam dua siklus (perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi). Penelitian ini mengambil populasi seluruh siswa kelas IV SDN 4 Bendorejo  Pogalan Trenggalek terdiri dari siswa laki-laki berjumlah 12 siswa dan 13 siswa perempuan, semester I tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Hasil penelitian siswa, pada siklus I Siswa tuntas sejumlah 20 siswa (80%), sedangkan pada siklus II sejumlah 22 siswa (88%), terjadi kenaikan sebesar 8% atau sebanyak 2 siswa.
The Gender Approach in the Physical Education System
Authors: Dudko Mykhail , Khrypko Inna , Bishevets Natalia
Published: July 2018

Because of global changes in gender roles the ideas of gender education gradually penetrate into educational establishments. However, on the lessons of physical education students study in accordance with general programs of state requirements for the level of general education despite gender differences. It is necessary to study the differences of organization educational process in accordance to gender, the introduction of which, will help students to the full self–realization in the institute. The purpose of the research – is to summarize the data of the main gender differences that should be consider in physical educational process of students. The analysis of literature sources about the difference in gender educational process of pupils of different ages showed that there is a gender imbalance in attending motor activity during extra–curricular time and differences in self–assessment of own possibilities. Beginning from the secondary school age, girls and boys have different sports preferences and motives for attending physical education lessons. It has been clarified that the gender approach in physical culture – is the process of physical education of young students according to their motor preferences and motivational attitudes depending on gender with a view to better meeting their needs. Regardless of gender, younger schoolchildren prefer to spontaneous gaming and good grades become the main motivation for the classes. Beginning from the secondary school age, boys become to prefer martial arts and game sports and girls would choose health–improving types of fitness. The desire to increasing the level of physical training motivate boys to visit classes and for girls is to reduce body weight and improve the figure. It is necessary to consider systematized data about motor activity priorities and motivational attitudes to visit classes of physical education in accordance with age and gender.
The Influence of Run Workloads in a Mixed Energy Supply Mode upon the Functional Preparedness of Students with a High Fat Component Content
Authors: Furman Yuriy , Brezdeniuk Oleksandra
Published: July 2018

The current relevance of the investigation is conditioned by the necessity of creating new physical education programs, implementing which would promote the functional capabilities enhancement of students with a «high» content of the body mass fat component. The goal of the research is to ascertain the influence of run workloads in a mixed energy supply mode on the functional preparedness of students aged 17–21 with a «high» content of the body mass fat component. Research findings. Run workloads in a mixed energy supply mode with a three times per week periodicity have an efficient influence upon the functional preparedness of students with a «high» content of the body mass fat component. After 8 weeks of training the females’ aerobic productivity level rose to «excellent», and it improved up to «satisfactory» level in males after 16 weeks of their training. Irrespective of sex, probable enhancement of the threshold of anaerobic metabolism relative indicators was registered after 16 weeks since the training sessions’ start. Such run workloads did not influence the females’ anaerobic productivity, while the males’ volume indices of the anaerobic lactate energy supply processes improved. Exercises with stimulation of anaerobic lactate energy supply processes furthered the body mass fat component content decrease from «high» to «normal» level, and the muscle component increase – from «normal» to «high» both in the females and males. Conclusions. Stimulation of anaerobic energy supply processes during run trainings irrespective of a person’s sex is likely to enhance the aerobic energy supply processes capacity in the maximum oxygen consumption indicators, as well as the aerobic energy supply processes volume in the threshold of anaerobic metabolism indices. Training sessions by the run workloads program conducted in a mixed energy supply mode didn’t cause probable changes in the females’ anaerobic productivity indices, while in the males they enlarged the volume of anaerobic lactate energy supply processes. Under the influence of such exercises as a whole the body mass fat component content gets reduced, while the muscle component content increases.
Hatay İli Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Birliği Üyesi İşletmelerin Sosyo- Ekonomik Özellikleri
Authors: TAPKI Nuran , TAPKI İbrahim , DAĞISTAN Erdal , SELVİ Muhammet Hanifi , KAYA Aybüke , GÜZEY Yusuf Ziya , DEMİRTAŞ Bekir , ÇELİK Ahmet Duran
Published: July 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Hatay İli Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri
Birliği (HDSYB)’ne üye olan işletmelerin  
sosyo-ekonomik yapılarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Materyal ve
Metot: Bu araştırmanın
birincil verilerini Hatay ilinde faaliyet gösteren ve Hatay damızlık sığır
yetiştiricileri birliğine üye süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinden anket yöntemi ile
elde edilen bilgiler oluşturmuştur. Basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi formülü
uygulanarak yapılan hesaplamalar sonucunda 112 işletmede anket yapılması uygun
görülmüştür.

Bulgular: Araştırmada işletmeci yaşı, ailedeki birey sayısı, arazi
varlığı, işletme başına düşen sağmal inek sayısı ve sağılan inek başına günlük
süt verimi ortalamaları sırasıyla; 47.60 yıl, 5.14 kişi, 45.79 dekar, 11.69 baş
ve 17.38 kg olarak belirlenmiştir. İşletmelerin toplam işletme sermayesi
ortalaması ise 262.854 TL olarak hesaplanmış olup, bu tutarın %26.63’ünü hayvan
sermayesi oluşturmuştur. İşletme sahiplerinin %87.5’i geçimlerini sağlamak
amacıyla süt sığırcılığı yapmaktadır. Araştırmada, Hatay damızlık sığır
yetiştiricileri birliğine (HDSYB) üye işletmelerin küçük ölçekli, arazi
büyüklüklerinin küçük, sağmal inek sayılarının az, sermayelerinin yetersiz,
günlük süt verimlerinin ve işletme karlarının düşük düzeyde ve işletme
sahiplerinin ise büyük çoğunluğunun orta yaş ve üzerinde olduğu tespit
edilmiştir.

Sonuç: Araştırma sonuçları, eğitim seviyesi yüksek kişilerin de
süt sığırcılığı yapması için teşvik edilmesinin, sağılan inek sayısının
artırılarak küçük aile işletmelerinin orta ve büyük ölçekli işletmelere
dönüştürülmesinin, işletme sahiplerinin hayvan yetiştiriciliği konusunda
eğitilmesinin ve birliklerin üyelerine daha fazla teknik destek vermesinin
gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur.
Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Program Character Building Training di Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
Authors: Mania Sitti , Hasaruddin Hasaruddin
Published: July 2018

This research is aimed to: 1) find out the objective condition of supporting elements of Character Building Training Program in State Islamic University of Alauddin Makassar at the antecedent phase, 2) look over the efectivity of the program implementation at the transaction phase, and 3) identify the character of students as the outcome of CBT Program. This formative evaluation research applies qualitative research particulary countenance stake. The data are collected by observation, questionnaire, interview, and documentation. The data are analyzed by domain analysis technique, tacsonomy, and componential technique, based on evaluation phase and applied together with data collecting. This research points out that antecedents phase is on the high category and transaction and outcomes phase are on moderat category.
Editorialboard dan Kelengkapan Jurnal
Authors: Rafi Mohamad
Published: July 2018

Puji dan syukur kami ucapkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dengan terbitnya Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Volume 1 No 3 oleh Pusat Studi Biofarmaka Tropika IPB sebagai media diseminasi penelitian terkait jamu Indonesia. Jurnal ini diharapkan dapat menambah informasi menyeluruh tentang jamu dari kegiatan hulu hingga hilirnya.

 Jamu merupakan warisan budaya Indonesia dan telah digunakan sejak berabad-abad yang lalu. Jamu merupakan istilah lain dari obat herbal yang terbuat dari tumbuhan obat segar atau kering di Indonesia untuk kesehatan dan kecantikan. Penggunaannya saat ini menunjukkan kecenderungan yang semakin meningkat dan tren ini juga tampak dalam skala global. Seiring dengan banyaknya penelitian mengenai Jamu, hasil kajian yang diperoleh akan memerlukan wadah diseminasi agar dapat diakses oleh pihak yang memerlukan.

 Jurnal Jamu Indonesia dapat menjadi fasilitas bagi para peneliti dan ilmuwan untuk memudahkan pendistribusian informasi ilmu pengetahuan mengenai jamu melalui tulisan-tulisan yang dapat dipublikasi. Semua hasil karya tersebut akan diarsipkan sebagai dokumentasi berharga demi terjaganya informasi yang dapat menjadi sumber pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan di masa depan. Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Volume 1 No 3 ini berisi tentang penelitian mengenai aromaterapi minyak kayu putih, aspek budidaya keladi tikus, jejaring farmakologi dalam memprediksi senyawa bioaktif dan kajian antibakteri ekstrak daun Lasianthus.

 

Mohamad Rafi

Ketua Dewan Redaksi
Profil Kimia dan Toksisitas Jamu Berpotensi Antidiabetes yang Diformulasi dengan Metode Statistika dan Machine Learning
Authors: Azizah Norma Nur , Heryanto Rudi , Kusuma Wisnu Ananta
Published: July 2018

Bahan alam yang dapat menghambat spermatogenesis merupakan suatu alternatif untuk kontrasepsi pria. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi formulasi optimum berbasis biji jarak pagar dan buah pare yang dapat menginhibisi spermatogenesis. Bahan sampel dimaserasi alkohol 70% untuk memperoleh ekstrak kasar. Ekstrak diujikan pada tikus Wistar jantan dewasa sebanyak 30 ekor dan dibagi menjadi enam kelompok secara acak (n=5 ekor). Kelompok I sebagai kontrol memperoleh pelarut akuades; kelompok II dan III secara berurutan memperoleh ekstrak biji jarak dan pare dengan dosis 50 mg/kgBB. Tiga kelompok lainnya, yaitu IV, V, dan VI memperoleh formulasi gabungan dengan rasio ekstrak biji jarak pagar dan pare 1:3, 3:1 serta 1:1, secara berurutan. Perlakuan diberikan per oral satu hari sekali selama 48 hari sesuai dengan siklus spermatogenesis. Pada akhir perlakuan, pemeriksaan sperma untuk konsentrasi dan kualitasnya serta bobot testis. Hasil uji rendemen ekstrak biji jarak pagar dan buah pare secara berurutan sebesar 6.11 % dan 3.32 %. Senyawa fitokimia yang terdapat pada ekstrak pare dan biji jarak pagar antara lain, alkaloid, fenol, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, triterpenoid, dan steroid. Efek ekstrak terhadap bobot testis dan konsentrasi sperma tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata antar kelompok (ANOVA P >0.05) sedangkan untuk kualitas motilitas sperma ada kecenderungan menurun pada formulasi ekstrak biji jarak dan buah pare (1:3).
The Export-Performance Licensing Scheme
Authors: Hecox Walter E.
Published: July 2018

The structure and impact of the Export-Performance Licensing
Scheme is a particularly interesting study when contrasted with the
Export Bonus Scheme. These two export-incentive measures overlap in many
ways; yet they are radically different in certain aspects. Each alone
has evolved administratively into a formidable institutional structure.
The Export Bonus Scheme has been based upon a partially market-oriented,
price-determined allocation of resources. However, the
Export-Performance Licensing Scheme has been directly con¬trolled by
administrative intervention at all levels. It is interesting to search
for reasons why the Export-Performance Licensing Scheme has reached a
condition such that the following comments could be seriously
posited:
Secular Inflation by Friedrich-Karl Lage. D. Reidel Publishing
Company, Dordrecht, Holland, 1961.
Authors: Asaduzzaman M.
Published: July 2018

The main theme of the book under review is an inquiry into the
nature and canses of secular inflation. In defining the term 'secular',
the author has followed Simon Kuznets who defined it as an irreversible,
continuous movement over a period 'greater than the average duration' of
an economic cycle. 'Secular inflation', hence, may include every type of
inflation as long as it extends over a secular period and in effect
results into an irreversible money depreciation. As a measure and
symptom of secular inflation, Lage, like many others, suggests price
levels and cost-of-living indices. But due to the lack of accurate
figures, a search for a direct proof of the existence and the scope of
secular inflation is not always successful.
The Economic Implications of a Complete Free Trade and an
Alternative Form of Free Trade in Sugar Through 1980
Authors: Raquibuzzaman M.
Published: July 2018

In recent years, it has been emphasized by many economists
that the less developed countries cannot achieve self-sustaining
economic growth unless they are given fair opportunities to sell their
exportables in the world market. It is argued that the less developed
countries are losing potential investment resources as a result of trade
restrictions imposed by the developed countries on primary commodities.
Sugar provides an example of a commodity whose free entry into world
trade has been restricted by the United States and most of the developed
countries of Europe. Sugar is the principle earner of foreign exchange
for many developing countries. A decrease in the quantity of exports or
a fall in the price has an important impact on the overall development
of their economies. In recent years, the world production of centrifugal
sugar has ranged between 64 and 66 million metric tons of raw sugar. Of
this total production, Europe's share ranged from 23 to 24 million tons,
or approximately 36 per cent. The United States, including Hawaii,
produced approximately 5 million tons. Thus, nearly 50 per cent of world
sugar production comes from the developed countries.
Allocative Efficiency in Economic Development by Pan A.
Yotopoulos. Centre for Planning and Economic Research, Athens, Gx'eece,
1967.
Authors: Khan Mohammad Irshad
Published: July 2018

The traditional explanation for the poverty of farming
communities in underdeveloped areas is the inefficient method of
farming. It is argued that the farmers are poor because they are
inefficient. They are inefficient because they employ factors of
production without any consideration of their opportunity costs. In
technical language, the marginal productivities of the factors of
production employed by farmers differ widely from their opportunity
costs. Professor Yotopoulos, however, refutes the traditional
explanation for the poverty of farmers in underdeveloped areas. He shows
that the farmers of underdeveloped regions may be poor but not
inefficient. They do try to equate the marginal productivities of the
factors of production with their opportunity costs. Even then, however,
they are poor. Their poverty must, therefore, be explained by factors
other than inefficient allocation of factors of production. This is what
Professor Yotopoulos tries to explain.
A Primer on International Trade by Jan Pen. Random House, New
York, 1967.
Authors: Al-Shaikhly Falih
Published: July 2018

Jan Pen attempted to deal with the basic questions and
institutions of international trade. His main objective was to find out
whether trade between countries is a matter of common interest or of
conflict. His answer depends on the local situation of each country,
i.e., whether they are enjoying full employ¬ment and prosperity, or
unemployment and depression. The book is divided into three parts. Part
one deals with the concepts and philosophy of international trade viewed
by the mercantilists and the class¬ical economists, especially Adam
Smith and David Ricardo. This part also covers further development and
modification of the Ricardian theory of compara¬tive cost, which states
that the value of a commodity is solely determined by the amount of
labour needed to produce it. There are some developments made on the
Ricardian analysis, and specifically those by Haberler and
Heckscher-Ohlin philosophy. Professor Pen points up that the Ricardian
theory and the Heck¬scher-Ohlin theory supplement one another;
Heckscher-Ohlin theory takes the demand aspect into account — the
relative scarcity of labour and capital results from the interaction of
supply and demand; the Ricardian approach stresses the supply side.
Professor Jan Pen does not go further to state the modifications to the
Heckscher-Ohlin theory made by Professor Leontief and others in recent
studies in the area of international economics.
The effect of primary copper slag cooling rate on the copper valorization in the flotation process
Authors: Mihajlović Aleksandar , Kamberović Željko , Korać Marija , Gavrilovski Milorad , Jovanović Nikola
Published: July 2018

Technological procedure of slow cooling slag from primary copper production is applied in the purpose of copper recovery in the level of 98.5% to blister. This technological procedure is divided into two phases, first slow cooling of slag on the air for 24 hours, and then accelerated cooling with water for 48 hours. Within the research following methods were used: calculation of nonstationary slag cooling, verification of the calculation using computer simulation of slag cooling in the software package COMSOL Multiphysics and experimental verification of simulation results. After testing of the experimentally gained samples of slowly cooled slag it was found that this technological procedure gives the best results in promoting growth or coagulation of dispersed particles of copper sulfide and copper in the slag, thereby increasing the utilization of the flotation process with a decrease of copper losses through very fine particles.
Ni-Pd-Al2O3 catalyst supported on reticulated ceramic foam for dry methane reforming
Authors: Nikolić Vesna , Kamberović Željko , Korać Marija , Sokić Miroslav , Anđić Zoran , Tomović Aleksandar
Published: July 2018

In the present study, Ni-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst supported on α-Al2O3 based foam was prepared and evaluated in the dry methane reforming process. Corresponding metal chlorides were deposited to the foam surface by impregnation of the foam with ultrasonically aerosolized salt solutions at 473 K and drying at that temperature. Calcination step was excluded and the catalyst was reduced at very low temperature – 533 K. The reforming experiment lasted for 3 h, with standing time of 1 h at the following temperatures: 873, 973 and 1023 K. Conclusions on selectivity, catalytic activity and stability were reached on the basis of CO and H2 yields.
Effect of chemical composition on microstructure, hardness and electrical conductivity profiles of the Bi-Cu-Ga alloys at 100 °C
Authors: Gurešić Dejan , Talijan Nadežda , Ćosović Vladan , Milisavljević Dušan , Đorđević Aleksandar , Tomović Milica
Published: July 2018

Theoretical calculation and experimental investigation of the isothermal section of a ternary Bi-Cu-Ga system at 100 oC are presented in this paper. Thermodynamic binary-based calculation of the isothermal section was performed using Pandat software. Experimental investigation included microstructural analysis carried out using light optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), phase composition analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brinell and Vickers hardness testing and electrical conductivity measurements. In total, thirty alloy samples with compositions along three vertical sections Bi-CuGa, Cu-BiGa and Ga-BiCu were studied. The obtained experimental results support the calculated phase regions of the isothermal section at 100 oC. Hardness of individual phases as well as hardness and electrical conductivity of the studied alloys were measured. Based on the experimentally obtained results iso-lines of Brinell hardness and electrical conductivity along the whole compositional range were calculated by using appropriate mathematical models.
Laboratory testing results of kinetics and processing technology of the polymetallic sulphide concentrate Blagojev Kamen – Serbia
Authors: Ćirković Milorad , Kamberović Željko , Bugarin Mile
Published: July 2018

This work presents the laboratory testing results of kinetics the oxidation process and sample processing of the sulphide polymetallic concentrate Blagojev Kamen. The aim of investigation is recovery of these types of raw material, present in large quantities in the peripheral parts of already used primary mineral deposits of copper, because of their high economic potential due to the content of a large number of metals and especially precious metals. Characterization of this raw material is based on the chemical analyses, XRD results, DTA analysis, etc. For these investigations, the sulphide concentrate with the following content was used in %: Cu – 2.3; Fe – 19.8; S – 27.19; Zn – 9.13; As – 0.167; Pb – 15.63; SiO2 – 17.93; CaO – 0.97; Al2O3 – 1.43; Ag – 480 g/t; Au – 659 g/t. Kinetic investigations of oxidation processes were carried out under the isothermal conditions within the temperature range of 400 to 625 oC. The Sharp's model was used for determination the kinetics parameters, and determined values of activation energy are 67 kJ/mole for the first period, and 47 kJ/mole for the second period. Pyrometallurgical treatment of this type of polymetallic concentrate, in the laboratory conditions, was carried out using the oxidative roasting and, then the reduction smelting was done in the Taman's furnace. Gold from 90.5 to 97.95% and silver from 77.28 to 93.37% are moved into the raw lead (smelting product). Gold from 1.1 to 3.92% and silver from 4.35 to 8.42% are moved into the polymetallic copper matte. Gold from 0.58 to 1.6% and silver from 2.45 to 6.82% are moved into the slag.
Finite element modeling of the effect of welding parameters on solidification cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steel 310
Authors: Ranjbarnodeh Eslam , Anzabi Yashar Gheisar , Sabet Hamed
Published: July 2018

A transient thermo-mechanical model is employed to study the effects of welding parameters on the occurrence of solidification cracking. A finite element program, ANSYS, is employed to solve the thermal and mechanical equations while the different variables such as welding current, speed and sequence are considered in the simulation. The studied geometry was butt joint of two stainless steel plates with the thickness of 2 mm. Then, the samples were welded by TIG method without filler. To verify the numerical results, the model outputs were checked with the experimental observations and good agreement was observed. It was found that the increasing of welding current from 70 A to 100 A resulted in the increase in transverse tensile strain from 1.2 to 2.1 which can facilitate the occurrence of solidification cracking. Furthermore, the application of symmetric welding layout is an effective method to prevent solidification cracking.
Nickel, cobalt and titanium-based alloys – from aircraft vehicles to medical applications - REVIEW
Authors: Jovanović Milan
Published: July 2018

Since the introduction of nickel, cobalt and titanium-based alloys in the early 1950s, these materials in a relatively short time became backbone materials for the aerospace, energy, chemical industry and even medicine. The combination of excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and bio-compatibility renders these alloys the best material choice for many critical applications. This review describes the results realized through the research in the Department of Materials Science in “Vinča” Institute. The emphasize was given to the relation between the microstructure and mechanical properties of conventionally cast nickel and cobalt-based superalloys, as well as directionally solidified and single crystal castings of nickel-based superalloys. The special attention was paid to the development of vacuum melting and casting technology for processing surgical implants made of a titanium-based alloy.
Tensile properties and fracture mechanism of IN-100 superalloy in high temperature range
Authors: Jovanović Milan T. , Drobnjak Đorđe , Cvijović‐Alagić Ivana , Maksimović Vesna
Published: July 2018

Tensile properties and fracture mechanism of a polycrystalline IN-100 superalloy have been investigated in the range from room temperature to 900°C. Optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) applying replica technique were used for microstructural investigation, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized for fracture study. High temperature tensile tests were carried out in vacuumed chamber. Results show that strength increases up to 700°C, and then sharply decreases with further increase in temperature. Elongation increases very slowly (6-7.5%) till 500°C, then decreases to 4.5% at 900°C. Change in elongation may be ascribed to a change of fracture mechanism. Appearance of a great number of microvoids prevails up to 500°C resulting in a slow increase of elongation, whereas above this temperature elongation decrease is correlated with intergranular crystallographic fracture and fracture of carbides.
Treatment of dispersed iron-bearing raw materials and modeling of the protection systems against air-pollution
Authors: Anđić Zoran , Korać Marija , Kamberović Željko
Published: July 2018

Based on the analysis of the non-standard iron-bearing raw materials treatment process and the results of real composition measurements of the flue gas, the study of hazards by identification of harmful substances that occur in the accident, as well as the modeling of the system of protection against air-pollution due to the cancellation of work the bag filter was carried out. Applying the model (Aloha software package) provides an overview of possible developments of events and zones of propagation of the precipitated particulate matter through the share of cadmium (Cd) in them. In the case of malfunction of filter system, emissions of particulate matter enormously exceed the permitted values. In the conditions of the simulated accident, particle velocity of flue gases was amounted E≈738mg/s or 2657g/h of dust. The propagation of the precipitated particulate matter in the lower layer of the atmosphere, downwind, given trough the share of Cd in them, is 100m from the source of pollution for the characteristic density of 5mg/m2×day and 140m for the characteristic density of 2mg/m2×day, in the stable state of the atmosphere, i.e. 870m and 1100m, respectively, in the neutral state of the atmosphere.
Numerical investigation of fluid flow and heat transfer around a circular cylinder utilizing nanofluid for different thermal boundary condition in the steady regime
Authors: Bouakkaz Rafik , Salhi F. , Khelili Y. , Ouazzazi M. , Talbi K.
Published: July 2018

In this work, steady flow-field and heat transfer through a copper–water nanofluid around a circular cylinder, under the influence of both the standard thermal boundary conditions i.e. uniform heat flux (UHF) and constant wall temperature (CWT) was investigated numerically by using a finite-volume method for Reynolds numbers of 10 to 40. Furthermore, the range of nanoparticle volume fractions (φ) considered is 0 ≤ φ ≤ 5%. The variation of the local and the average Nusselt numbers with Reynolds number, and volume fractions are presented for the range of conditions. The average Nusselt number is found to increase with increasing the nanoparticle volume fractions.
Integrated procedure for recycling and valorization of useful components from secondary raw materials based on hard metals
Authors: Kamberović Željko , Anđić Zoran , Korać Marija , Gajic Natasa , Tomović B.
Published: July 2018

Wide application of hard metals requires increased consumption of their constituents. Their high cost and scarcity impose the need for finding new, both ecologically and economically justified ways for their production. In presented research, on the basis of previous research, a review of an integrated technological procedure of recycling and valorization of useful components from hard metals secondary raw materials is given.Integrated procedure for processing of hard metal's waste enables the preparation of a wide range of powders with required properties, a high efficiency and reducing the duration of individual stages of procedures for their processing. Therefore, besides conservation of natural resources there are also significant economic and energetic benefits. The developed technological procedure is in service of sustainable development.
Application of numerical inverse method in calculation of composition-dependent interdiffusion coefficients in finite diffusion couples
Authors: Liu Yuanrong , Chen Weimin , Zhong Jing , Chen Ming , Zhang Lijun
Published: July 2018

The previously developed numerical inverse method was applied to determine the composition-dependent interdiffusion coefficients in single-phase finite diffusion couples. The numerical inverse method was first validated in a fictitious binary finite diffusion couple by pre-assuming four standard sets of interdiffusion coefficients. After that, the numerical inverse method was then adopted in a ternary Al-Cu-Ni finite diffusion couple. Based on the measured composition profiles, the ternary interdiffusion coefficients along the entire diffusion path of the target ternary diffusion couple were obtained by using the numerical inverse approach. The comprehensive comparisons between the computations and the experiments indicate that the numerical inverse method is also applicable to high-throughput determination of the composition-dependent interdiffusion coefficients in finite diffusion couples.
The effect of silver addition on microstructure and thermal properties of the Cu–10%Al–8%Mn shape memory alloy
Authors: Manasijevic Dragan Miroslav , Balanović Ljubiša , Holjevac Grgurić Tamara , Stamenković Uroš , Minić Duško , Premović Milena , Todorović Radiša , Štrbac Nada , Gorgievski Milan , Gojić Mirko , Govorčin Bajsić Emi
Published: July 2018

The influence of Ag addition on microstructure and thermal properties of the Cu-10%Al–8%Mn alloy was investigated in this work. Two alloys with designed compositions Cu-10%Al–8%Mn and Cu-10%Al–8%Mn-4%Ag (in wt.%) were prepared by induction melting of pure metals. Microstructures of the prepared samples were investigated in the as-cast state, after homogenization annealing and after quenching. The effects of different methods of heat treatment on the microstructure and transformation temperatures of the investigated Cu-10%Al–8%Mn and Cu-10%Al–8%Mn-4%Ag alloys were investigated using SEM-EDS and DSC techniques.It was determined that after induction melting microstructure of the both investigated alloys are primarily composed of martensite and a small amount of α-phase precipitates.Fully martensitic structure in both investigated alloys was obtained after direct quenching from the 850 °C into the ice water. Based on the DSC cooling curves it was determined that two-step martensite transformation for the both investigated alloys occur in the temperature interval from about 30 to -40 °C.
The effects of solution treatment on the microstructure of the cast Ni-based IN100 superalloy
Authors: Jafari A. , Abbasi S. M. , Rahimi A. , Morakabati M. , Seifollahi M.
Published: July 2018

In this research, the effects of the partial, full and partial + full solution heat treatments followed by aging at 900 °C for 10 h, on the microstructure of cast Ni-based IN100 superalloy were assessed. It has been found that, the alloy in the partial + full solution treated condition had the optimal combination of γ’ morphology, volume fraction and size. In this condition, the alloy possesses a cubic primary γ’with an average size of 470±10nm and 45% volume fraction. Discrete M23C6 and M6C carbides were formed at the grain boundaries and the morphology of the cubic MC carbide was changed to the spherical shape. In addition, the volume fraction of γ’/γ eutectic phase dropped to half of its value, compared to the as-cast alloy. During partial solution treatment followed by aging, discrete carbides were formed at the grain boundaries. This treatment without full solutioning was not an effective method to provide an optimal volume fraction and arrangement of γ’ and MC carbides morphology. Full solutioning alone, changed the cubic morphology of the primary γ’ and the blocky MC carbides to the spherical shape.
Fabrication Of Al 2024/SiC Nanocomposite with Al and Cu Pure Coatings
Authors: Melali P. , Mashayekhi A. , Shahmiri M.
Published: July 2018

Composites find an important place as new advanced materials in last decades; those especially produced with nanoparticles reinforcements, attracts researchers and a number of researches were executed on this topic. In this study, Al-base 2024 alloy composites reinforced with SiC nanoparticles were fabricated and the effects of two different coating materials were investigated. Coatings were pure Al and Cu powder with constant grain particle size. The results show that the Al coating has impacts on grain size and the interface layer between reinforcement and matrix. The mechanism of formation of interface layer between SiC nanoparticles and the Al-base 2024 matrix with reinforced with Cu coated SiC particles is quite different.
A Comparative Review Study on the Manufacturing Processes of Composite Grid Structures
Authors: Fadavian A. , Davar A. , Jam J. E. , Taghavian S. H.
Published: July 2018

Filament winding and fiber placement are low-cost, fast, and suitable processes for manufacturing composite grid structures. Resulted structures are high quality products. They have the advantage of carrying heavy structural loads as well as light structural weight. Composite Grid Structures (CGS) are manufactured with varying geometries such as circular (cylindrical and conic) and flat. They are applied in hightech industries including aerospace industry. In this paper, the manufacturing processes of these structures and their various aspects (including winding method, mandrel material and curing method) are reviewed and compared in detail.
The Effect of ZnO Addition on Microstructure, Phase and Color Developments of Copper Reduction Glaze
Authors: NayebPashaee N. , Aarabi A.M. , Sarpoolaky H. , Vafaeenezhad H.
Published: July 2018

In this research, the effects of Zn on microstructure and color developments of the copper reduction glaze were investigated. Structural and colorimetric characteristics of the glaze surface are examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Telespectrophotometery. Results indicate in samples consisted of more than 7 % of zinc amount, crystalline structures containing Willemite and synthesized copper. XRD indicate that, 14 wt% of zinc oxide is enough to form Willemite. In all samples, duration of process was sufficient to form the metallic particles. SEM images confirm presence of copper nanosphere-laths of Willemite and surrounding glaze.
Excavations in Midea 2007
Authors: Demakopoulou Katie , Divari-Valakou Nicoletta , Nilsson Monica , Schallin Ann-Louise
Published: July 2018

Excavations in Midea continued in 2007 as a Greek-Swedish programme under the direction of Dr Katie Demakopoulou in collaboration with Dr Ann-Louise Schallin. In the West Gate area excavation continued in the west part of the building complex that abuts the fortification wall. Room XIV was excavated with abundant remains of LH IIIB2 pottery. A sealstone with a unique, possibly ritual, scene was also found. On the lower west terrace of the acropolis excavation continued in Trench C, where a large section of the fortification wall was uncovered. Room I was excavated here, adjacent to the inner face of the fortification wall. Finds in this room date to the early phase of LH IIIC, under which there was ample evidence of the LH IIIB2 destruction, including human skeletons. Under this debris, a large opening leading to a gallery or syrinx through the thickness of the fortification wall was found. Excavation was resumed also in the East Gate area, where a new wall was revealed in the baulk between Trench 3 and Room 9. The wall is perpendicular to the citadel wall and borders Trench 3. Excavation was also resumed in Trenches 9 and 14. The latest Mycenaean material in this area dates to LH IIIB2, but there is evidence of post-Bronze Age activity, which is demonstrated mainly by pottery finds.
A smiting-god-figurine found in the Sanctuary of Poseidon at Kalaureia
Authors: Wells Berit , Karydas Andreas
Published: July 2018

In 2007 a Reshef figurine was found in a secondary context southeast of the Temple of Poseidon at Kalaureia. This article discusses its origin in the Syro-Palestinian area in the thirteenth century BC and suggests it arrived at Kalaureia towards the end of the Late Bronze Age and was deposited in a sacral context. As Reshef in later history was identified with Apollo in the Greek environment, the author speculates on there being perhaps a kernel of truth in the later myth of Apollo and Poseidon having exchanged dwelling places in the hoary past. The peculiar surface of the piece called for a technical analysis, which was carried out by Andreas Karydas from the Institute of Nuclear Physics, Demokritos, Athens. It clarified that the “pock marks” on the surface stem from the manufacturing process and are not the result of corrosion.
The Brygos painter at San Giovenale
Authors: Backe-Forsberg Yvonne
Published: July 2018

Based on stylistic criteria, it is argued in the following article that two Attic red-figured cups, one fragmentary kylix called the Pietrisco cup found in the Etruscan Bridge complex and the other one from a chamber tomb at San Giovenale, were made by the Brygos painter or a member of his circle c. 490–480 BC. The Pietrisco cup may even have been produced by Brygos the potter as it belongs to the cone-foot class. This group was previously dated to 480–475 BC, but is now backdated to 490–475 due to the analysis of the painting on the tondo of the Pietrisco cup. The Pietrisco cup was found with a substantial amount of Attic Black-figured, Red-figured and Blackglazed fragments in a fill deposit in a quadrant building of tufa ashlars interpreted as a sacellum near the Etruscan bridge at the Pietrisco brook in San Giovenale, Etruria. The two cups are the third and fourth kylikes attributed to the Brygos painter found in the settlement and in tombs at San Giovenale and its surroundings.