bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abyssomicin E, a Highly Functionalized Polycyclic Metabolite from Streptomyces Species.
Authors: Niu Xue‐Mei , Li Sheng‐Hong , Goerls Helmar , Schollmeyer Dieter , Hilliger Matthias , Grabley Susanne , Sattler Isabel
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fumimycin: A Peptide Deformylase Inhibitor with an Unusual Skeleton Produced by Aspergillus fumisynnematus.
Authors: Kwon Yun‐Ju , Sohn Mi‐Jin , Zheng Chang‐Ji , Kim Won‐Gon
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Relative Stereochemistry of the A‐ and F‐Rings of Goniodomin A.
Authors: Fujiwara Kenshu , Naka Jota , Katagiri Takahiro , Sato Daisuke , Kawai Hidetoshi , Suzuki Takanori
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Elloxazinones A and B, New Aminophenoxazinones from Streptomyces griseus Acta 2871
Authors: Graf Ellen , Schneider Kathrin , Nicholson Graeme , Stroebele Markus , Jones Amanda L. , Goodfellow Michael , Beil Winfried , Suessmuth Roderich D. , Fiedler Hans‐Peter
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Serialynic Acid, a New Phenol with an Isopentenyne Side Chain from Antrodia serialis
Authors: Kokubun Tetsuo , Irwin Dianne , Legg Mike , Veitch Nigel C. , Simmonds Monique S. J.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iriomoteolide‐1a, a Potent Cytotoxic 20‐Membered Macrolide from a Benthic Dinoflagellate Amphidinium Species.
Authors: Tsuda Masashi , et al. et al.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of the C21—C28 Segment of Pectenotoxin‐4.
Authors: Kolakowski Robert V. , Williams Lawrence J.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemical Constituents from Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) — Antifungal Activities and Kinetic Resolution of (RS)‐Marginatumol by Candida antarctica Lipase (Novozym 435).
Authors: Reigada Juliana B. , Tcacenco Celize M. , Andrade Leandro H. , Kato Massuo J. , Porto Andre L. M. , Lago Joao Henrique G.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iromycins: A New Family of Pyridone Metabolites from Streptomyces sp. Part 2. Convergent Total Synthesis.
Authors: Shojaei Heydar , Li‐Boehmer Zhen , von Zezschwitz Paultheo
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alcohol‐Assisted CVD of Silver Using Commercially Available Precursors.
Authors: Bahlawane Naoufal , Premkumar Peter Antony , Brechling Armin , Reiss Guenter , Kohse‐Hoeinghaus Katharina
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nanoscale Magnetic Devices
Authors: Khizroev Sakhrat , Chomko Roman , Litvinov Dmitri
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microbial Transformations of Actinides in Transuranic‐ and Mixed‐wastes: Implications for Radioactive‐waste Disposal
Authors: Francis A. J.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Al—Mg—Zn (Aluminum—Magnesium—Zinc)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chromium, Molybdenum and Tungsten
Authors: Holder Alvin A.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iron, Cobalt and Nickel
Authors: Cotton S. A.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Let′s Play with Valence Isomers: The Influence of Different Main Group Elements on Their Relative Stability
Authors: Soleilhavoup Michele , Bertrand Guy
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ultra‐Low Catalyst Loading as a Concept in Economical and Sustainable Modern Chemistry: The Contribution of Ferrocenylpolyphosphane Ligands
Authors: Hierso Jean‐Cyrille , Beauperin Matthieu , Meunier Philippe
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oligonuclear Complexes as Tectons in Crystal Engineering: Structural Diversity and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Andruh Marius
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in the Chemistry of α,β‐Unsaturated Trifluoromethylketones
Authors: Druzhinin Sergey V. , Balenkova Elizabeth S. , Nenajdenko Valentine G.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Helical Chirality in Dendronized Polyarylacetylenes
Authors: Rudick Jonathan G. , Percec Virgil
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective (Site‐Selective) Functionalization of Unsaturated Halogenated Nitrogen, Oxygen and Sulfur Heterocycles by Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings and Direct Arylation Processes
Authors: Fairlamb Ian J. S.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Halogen Dance Reactions — A Review
Authors: Schnuerch Michael , Spina Markus , Khan Ather Farooq , Mihovilovic Marko D. , Stanetty Peter
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Applications of and Alternatives to π‐Electron‐Deficient Azine Organometallics in Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Campeau Louis‐Charles , Fagnou Keith
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct sp3 C—H Bond Activation Adjacent to Nitrogen in Heterocycles
Authors: Campos Kevin R.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Fascinating Construction of Pyridine Ring Systems by Transition Metal Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Heller Barbara , Hapke Marko
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Multicomponent Syntheses of Heterocycles by Transition‐Metal Catalysis
Authors: D'Souza Daniel M. , Mueller Thomas J. J.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intermolecular Reactions of Electron‐Rich Heterocycles with Copper and Rhodium Carbenoids
Authors: Davies Huw M. L. , Hedley Simon J.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Use of Bisoxazolinyl‐Phenyl Pincers
Authors: Nishiyama Hisao
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intramolecular Aminopalladation of Alkenes as a Key Step to Pyrrolidines and Related Heterocycles
Authors: Minatti Ana , Muniz Kilian
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heterocycle Synthesis by Copper Facilitated Addition of Heteroatoms to Alkenes, Alkynes and Arenes
Authors: Chemler Sherry R. , Fuller Peter H.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Transition Metal Catalyzed Functionalization of Heteroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Seregin Ilya V. , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Overcoming the Demons of Protecting Groups with Amphoteric Molecules
Authors: Yudin Andrei K. , Hili Ryan
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Controllable Soft‐Templating Approach to Mesoporous Silicates
Authors: Wan Ying , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Unnatural Enediynes and Related Analogues Equipped with pH‐Dependent or Phototriggering Devices
Authors: Kar Moumita , Basak Amit
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nonpeptidic Ligands for Peptide‐Activated G Protein‐Coupled Receptors
Authors: Blakeney Jade S. , Reid Robert C. , Le Giang T. , Fairlie David P.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Quantitative Structure—Activity Relationship Studies on Zinc‐Containing Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
Authors: Gupta Satya P.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Supramolecular Chemistry of Cyclodextrins in Enzyme Technology
Authors: Villalonga Reynaldo , Cao Roberto , Fragoso Alex
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gold‐Catalyzed Organic Reactions
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rather Exotic Types of Cyclic Peroxides: Heteroatom Dioxiranes
Authors: Sawwan Nahed , Greer Alexander
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Guest Encapsulation Within Self‐Assembled Molecular Containers
Authors: Schmuck Carsten
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Controlled Release of Volatiles under Mild Reaction Conditions: From Nature to Everyday Products
Authors: Herrmann Andreas
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unsymmetrical Ureas. Synthetic Methodologies and Application in Drug Design
Authors: Gallou Isabelle
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemistry of Epoxyquinols A, B, and C and Epoxytwinol A
Authors: Shoji Mitsuru , Hayashi Yujiro
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rubromycins: Structurally Intriguing, Biologically Valuable, Synthetically Challenging Antitumor Antibiotics
Authors: Brasholz Malte , Soergel Sebastian , Azap Cengiz , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Role of Modified Nucleosides in the Translation Function of tRNAs from Extreme Thermophilic Bacteria and Animal Mitochondria.
Authors: Watanabe Kimitsuna
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Biosynthesis of Characteristic Lipid—Core of Archaea — Understanding for the Adaptation of Archaea to Harsh Environment and Toward a New Design for Lipid Molecules
Authors: Yamauchi Noriaki
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Advances in the Controlled Growth of Nanoclusters Using a Dendritic Architecture
Authors: Vohs Jason K. , Fahlman Bradley D.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Supramolecular Nanocarriers Integrated with Dendrimers Encapsulating Photosensitizers for Effective Photodynamic Therapy and Photochemical Gene Delivery
Authors: Nishiyama Nobuhiro , Jang Woo‐Dong , Kataoka Kazunori
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Progress and Applications for Metallodendrimers
Authors: Hwang Seek‐Ho , Shreiner Carol D. , Moorefield Charles N. , Newkome George R.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural Determination of the ComX Pheromone: Synthetic Studies on ComXRO‐E‐2 Pheromone and ComXRO‐E‐2 Peptides Containing Modified Tryptophan Residue with a Geranyl Group
Authors: Okada Masahiro , Sakagami Youji
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Haptoglobin and posttranslational glycan‐modified derivatives as serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Hoagland Luke F. M. , Campa Michael J. , Gottlin Elizabeth B. , Herndon James E. , Patz Edward F.
Published: October 2007

BACKGROUND.

The purpose was to evaluate the clinical utility of serum haptoglobin (Hp) and posttranslational glycan modifications of Hp for the diagnosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS.

Serum proteins from patients with a new diagnosis of NSCLC and age‐ and sex‐matched controls without cancer were compared using 2‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D‐DIGE). Four of the differentially expressed gel spots were identified as the β chain of Hp. Immunoblots confirmed sialyl and fucosyl group posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of Hp. Serum enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for total Hp, sialylated Hp (SAHp), and fucosylated Hp (FHp) were designed, and levels of each were measured in an independent sample set of 74 patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis assessed the clinical diagnostic utility of each marker.

RESULTS.

Statistically significant differences between lung cancer patients and matched controls were found by ELISA for Hp (P < .002), SAHp (P < .001), and FHp (P < .04). ROC analysis determined an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.754 for Hp, 0.740 for SAHp, and 0.794 for FHp. In addition, serum concentrations correlated with stage; Hp (r = 0.388; P = .018), SAHp (r = 0.300; P = .072), and FHp (r = 0.363; P = .027).

CONCLUSIONS.

Hp and 2 of its glycoforms, SAHp and FHp, are potentially useful in the clinical diagnosis of NSCLC. The markers increase with stage, suggesting they may also be useful in stratifying patients at presentation and in following patients after treatment. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Frequency, risk factors, and trends for venous thromboembolism among hospitalized cancer patients
Authors: Khorana Alok A. , Francis Charles W. , Culakova Eva , Kuderer Nicole M. , Lyman Gary H.
Published: October 2007

BACKGROUND.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) contributes to morbidity and mortality in cancer patients and is a frequent complication of anticancer therapy. In the current study, the frequency, risk factors, and trends associated with VTE were examined among hospitalized cancer patients.

METHODS.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the discharge database of the University HealthSystem Consortium. This included 1,824,316 hospitalizations between 1995 and 2003 at 133 U.S. medical centers.

RESULTS.

Among 1,015,598 cancer patients, 34,357 (3.4%) were diagnosed with deep venous thrombosis and 11,515 with pulmonary embolism (PE) (1.1%) for an overall VTE rate of 4.1%. Subgroups of cancer patients with the highest rates included black ethnicity (5.1% per hospitalization) and those receiving chemotherapy (4.9%). Sites of cancer with the highest rates of VTE included pancreas (8.1%), kidney (5.6%), ovary (5.6%), lung (5.1%), and stomach (4.9%). Among hematologic malignancies, myeloma (5%), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (4.8%), and Hodgkin disease (4.6%) had the highest rates of VTE. The rate of VTE increased by 28%, secondary to a near‐doubling of PE rates from 0.8% to 1.5% (P < .0001). Among patients receiving chemotherapy, the rates of VTE rose from 3.9% to 5.7%, an increase of 47% (P < .0001). In multivariate analysis, risk factors associated with VTE included age ≥65 years, female sex, black ethnicity, use of chemotherapy, primary site of cancer, presence of comorbidities, and year of admission.

CONCLUSIONS.

VTE, particularly PE, is an increasingly frequent complication of hospitalization in cancer patients. Patients with black ethnicity, specific sites of cancer, or those receiving chemotherapy are disproportionately at risk. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
A phase II evaluation of goserelin and bicalutamide in patients with ovarian cancer in second or higher complete clinical disease remission
Authors: Levine Douglas , Park Kay , Juretzka Margrit , Esch Julie , Hensley Martee , Aghajanian Carol , Lewin Sharyn , Konner Jason , Derosa Felicia , Spriggs David , Iasonos Alexia , Sabbatini Paul
Published: October 2007

BACKGROUND.

The current study was conducted to determine the effect of goserelin and bicalutamide on progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who were in second or greater complete disease remission.

METHODS.

Patients received bicalutamide at a dose of 50 mg orally daily and goserelin at a dose of 3.6 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks. CA 125 was obtained monthly, with computed tomography performed every 3 months. Correlative studies included serum luteinizing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone, vascular endothelial growth factor, free testosterone, and androstenedione and the germline polymorphisms CYP19A1 and androgen receptor.

RESULTS.

Between October of 2000 and October of 2002, 35 patients were enrolled. Three patients (9%) received therapy at the time of first disease remission and were removed from the study, and 1 patient (3%) was removed for liver function test abnormalities. The most frequent toxicities were grade 1 alkaline phosphatase (54%), fatigue (57%), and hot flashes (42%) based on the National Cancer Institute common toxicity scale, version 2.0. The PFS for patients receiving protocol therapy in second disease remission (21 patients) was 11.4 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 10.2–12.6 months). The PFS for patients receiving protocol therapy in third or fourth disease remission (11 patients) was 11.9 months (95% CI, 10.8–14.1 months). The percentage of patients remaining in second disease remission at given times are: 100% at 3 months, 100% at 6 months, 72% at 9 months, 47% at 12 months, 28% at 15 months, 22% at 18 months, 19% at 21 months, and 13% at 24 months. There were no associations noted between androgen receptor repeat number, genotype, allelotype, or haplotypes and PFS.

CONCLUSIONS.

The use of goserelin and bicalutamide did not appear to prolong PFS in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer in second or greater complete disease remission. The number of patients in disease remission at given time points may serve as a clinical trial endpoint for future studies of consolidation therapy. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Role for para sodium channel gene 3′ UTR in the modification of Drosophila seizure susceptibility
Authors: Song Juan , Tanouye Mark
Published: October 2007

Voltage‐gated sodium channel genes are highly regulated at the level of transcription or translation. In this study, we have utilized the combination of genetic, electrophysiological, and molecular analyses to identify a 7‐kb 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) of the Drosophila para sodium channel gene. Disruption of this segment by P‐element insertion causes reduction of para primary transcript, but not Rbp2 transcripts. The identification of this novel 3′‐UTR is based on a P‐insertion mutation called paraJS1, which was isolated from a P‐element mutagenesis screen for seizure suppressors in a Drosophila model of epilepsy. The paraJS1 mutation was identified 6845 bp downstream of the para gene, which resides in an intergenic region that lies between para and Rbp2 (RNA‐binding protein 2) genes. Interestingly, reverse‐transcription PCR showed that the region containing paraJS1 is substantially transcribed and this transcribed region is associated with para coding region. We discussed possible mechanisms of how reduced transcription of the para gene or alterations in sodium channel subunit composition might be indicated by the paraJS1 mutation and implications for para 3′ UTR function. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Exogenous Hsc70, but not thermal preconditioning, confers protection to motoneurons subjected to oxidative stress
Authors: Robinson Mac B. , Taylor Anna R. , Gifondorwa David J. , Tytell Michael , Milligan Carolanne E.
Published: October 2007

Proper sensing of stress and the initiation of the stress response are critical to maintaining cell viability in response to noxious stimuli. Induction of the stress response prior to the exposure of a lethal stress (preconditioning) can be protective. Heat shock proteins (Hsps), the main products of the stress response, are considered to be responsible for this protective effect. Most cells readily initiate a stress response, but some neuronal phenotypes, including motoneurons (MNs), have a diminished capacity to do so. We have found that, given a proper stimulus, MNs can execute a heat stress response; but, it does not protect them from death caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress, despite inhibiting H2O2‐induced caspase activation. Conversely, we demonstrate that incubation with the heat shock cognate 70 (Hsc70) protein prior to oxidative insult can protect MNs from oxidative stress. This survival promoting effect may be mediated through the substrate binding domain (SBD) of Hsc70. Our data suggest that stress preconditioning may not be beneficial to MNs, but that pharmacological interventions and alternative means of acquiring components of the stress response are an effective means of ameliorating lethal stress in MNs and may be potentially useful therapeutically in preventing pathological MN loss. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
The zebrafish ennui behavioral mutation disrupts acetylcholine receptor localization and motor axon stability
Authors: Saint‐Amant Louis , Sprague Shawn M. , Hirata Hiromi , Li Qin , Cui Wilson W. , Zhou Weibin , Poudou Olivier , Hume Richard I. , Kuwada John Y.
Published: October 2007

The zebrafish ennui mutation was identified from a mutagenesis screen for defects in early behavior. Homozygous ennui embryos swam more slowly than wild‐type siblings but normal swimming recovered during larval stages and homozygous mutants survived until adulthood. Electrophysiological recordings from motoneurons and muscles suggested that the motor output of the CNS following mechanosensory stimulation was normal in ennui, but the synaptic currents at the neuromuscular junction were significantly reduced. Analysis of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in ennui muscles showed a marked reduction in the size of synaptic clusters and their aberrant localization at the myotome segment borders of fast twitch muscle. Prepatterned, nerve‐independent AChR clusters appeared normal in mutant embryos and dispersed upon outgrowth of motor axons onto the muscles. Genetic mosaic analysis showed that ennui is required cell autonomously in muscle fibers for normal synaptic localization of AChRs. Furthermore, exogenous agrin failed to induce AChR aggregation, suggesting that ennui is crucial for agrin function. Finally, motor axons branched more extensively in ennui fast twitch muscles especially in the region of the myotome borders. These results suggest that ennui is important for nerve‐dependent AChR clustering and the stability of axon growth. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
Experience‐dependent plasticity in the mushroom bodies of the solitary bee Osmia lignaria (Megachilidae)
Authors: Withers Ginger S. , Day Nancy F. , Talbot Emily F. , Dobson Heidi E.M. , Wallace Christopher S.
Published: October 2007

All members of the solitary bee species Osmia lignaria (the orchard bee) forage upon emergence from their natal nest cell. Conversely, in the honey bee, days‐to‐weeks of socially regulated behavioral development precede the onset of foraging. The social honey bee's behavioral transition to foraging is accompanied by neuroanatomical changes in the mushroom bodies, a region of the insect brain implicated in learning. If these changes were general adaptations to foraging, they should also occur in the solitary orchard bee. Using unbiased stereological methods, we estimated the volume of the major compartments of the mushroom bodies, the neuropil and Kenyon cell body region, in adult orchard bees. We compared the mushroom bodies of recently emerged bees with mature bees that had extensive foraging experience. To separate effects of general maturation from field foraging, some orchard bees were confined to a cage indoors. The mushroom body neuropil of experienced field foragers was significantly greater than that of both recently emerged and mature caged orchard bees, suggesting that, like the honey bee, this increase is driven by outdoor foraging experience. Unlike the honey bee, where increases in the ratio of neuropil to Kenyon cell region occur in the worker after emerging from the hive cell, the orchard bee emerged from the natal nest cell with a ratio that did not change with maturation and was comparable to honey‐bee foragers. These results suggest that a common developmental endpoint may be reached via different development paths in social and solitary species of foraging bees. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
Relevant antibody subsets against MOG recognize conformational epitopes exclusively exposed in solid‐phase ELISA
Authors: Menge Til , von Büdingen Hans‐Christian , Lalive Patrice H , Genain Claude P
Published: October 2007

A pathogenic role for circulating anti‐myelin antibodies is difficult to establish in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we unravel a broad heterogeneity within the anti‐myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies in humans and non‐human primates, and demonstrate that detection of important epitopes of MOG within the pathogenic repertoire is exclusively dependent on presentation on a solid‐phase MOG conformer. Results of ELISA and those of a liquid‐phase assay were compared using a MOG protein with identical sequence but different conformations. We tested sera from 50 human subjects, plasma of Callithrix jacchus marmosets known to contain antibodies reactive to either conformational or linearized MOG, and monoclonal, conformation‐dependent anti‐MOG antibodies. We have found no antibody reactivity against the soluble MOG conformer in human serum, and show that this lack of detection is not due to technical artifacts. Rather, dominant epitopes of MOG are not displayed in soluble phase, as shown by a complete lack of binding of conformation‐dependent mAb. In MP4‐immune marmosets that exhibit demyelinating pathology due to spreading of antibody determinants to myelin‐embedded MOG, only ELISA can detect pathogenic circulating anti‐MOG antibodies. Thus, the accurate detection of important subsets of pathogenic anti‐MOG antibodies requires methods in which MOG is displayed similarly to its natural conformation in myelin.
Tetranuclear Complexes of PdII with Tridentate [C,N,O] and [O,N,O] Ligands: Synthesis, Reactivity and Structural Isomerism
Authors: Fernández Jesús J. , Fernández Alberto , Vázquez‐García Digna , López‐Torres Margarita , Suárez Antonio , Gómez‐Blanco Nina , Vila José M.
Published: October 2007

Treatment of the Schiff base ligand 2,3,4‐(MeO)3C6H2C(H)=N[2‐(OH)‐5‐tBuC6H3] (a) with palladium(II) acetate in toluene gave the cyclometallated complex [Pd{2,3,4‐(MeO)3C6HC(H)=N(2‐O‐5‐tBuC6H3)}]4 (1a) with the tridentate ligand [C,N,O]. The complex showed a tetranuclear arrangement of the cyclometallated monomers with a P4O4 core. Reaction of 2,6‐(Me)2C6H3C(H)=N[2‐(OH)C6H4] (b) and 2,5‐(Me)2C6H3C(H)=N[2‐(OH)C6H4] (c) with palladium(II) acetate under similar conditions yielded the tetranuclear complexes [Pd{6‐Me‐2‐CH2C6H3C(H)=N(2‐OC6H4)}]4 (1b) and [Pd{5‐Me‐2‐CH2C6H3C(H)=N(2‐OC6H4)}]4 (1c), respectively, in which the tridentate [C,N,O] ligand is bound through the aliphatic methyl carbon. Treatment of 2,4‐(Me)2C6H3C(H)=N[2‐(OH)C6H4] (d) with palladium(II) acetate yielded a mixture of isomers, [Pd{4‐Me‐2‐CH2C6H3C(H)=N(2‐OC6H4)}]n[Pd{2,4‐(Me)2C6H2C(H)=N(2‐OC6H4)}]4–n (n = 0–4), also bearing a tetranuclear structure. However, thetetramer was assembled by two types of mononuclear Pd(ligand) building blocks: the ligand is coordinated through the aliphatic methyl carbon in one and through the aromatic ortho carbon in the other. The crystal structure of one such isomer confirmed the spectroscopic data. Treatment of 2‐(OH)‐4,6‐(MeO)2C6H2C(H)=N[2‐(OH)C6H4] (e) and 2‐(OH)C6H4C(H)=N[2‐(OH)C6H4] (f) with palladium(II) acetate yielded the tetranuclear complexes [Pd{2‐O‐4,6‐(MeO)2C6H2C(H)=N(2‐OC6H4)}]4 (1e) and [Pd{2‐OC6H4C(H)=N(2‐OC6H4)}]4 (1f), respectively, after double deprotonation of the ligand, which coordinates to the metal through the two phenoxy oxygen atoms and the imine nitrogen atom in these complexes. Reaction of compounds 1a–1f with tertiary phosphanes in acetone gave mono‐ and dinuclear complexes, after cleavage of the tetranuclear structure. In these complexes, the tertiary phosphane is bonded trans to the nitrogen atom. The crystal structures for 1a, 1c, 1e, 1d/1d′ are reported; they show the characteristic Pd4O4 core.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Reductive Nitrosation of Peptides Ligated to High‐Valent Metal Cations
Authors: Shamir Dror , Zilbermann Israel , Maimon Eric , Gellerman Gary , Cohen Haim , Meyerstein Dan
Published: October 2007

NO reacts with MIII–(glycylglycylglycine), M = Fe; Ni and Cu, to form the terminal N‐nitrosated peptide complex. This reaction proceeds by a radical mechanism. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
From Central to Axial to Central Chirality: Enantioselective Construction of the trans‐4,5,9,10‐Tetrahydroxy‐9,10‐dihydrophenanthrene System
Authors: Stavrakov Georgi , Keller Manfred , Breit Bernhard
Published: October 2007

Enantioselective synthesis of the core trans‐4,5,9,10‐tetrahydroxy‐9,10‐dihydrophenanthrene parent system of the antibiotics benanimicin, pradimicin and FD 594 has been accomplished. The synthesis employs a chiral tether approach and makes use of efficient central to axial to central chirality transfer. Key to success was an “imine‐directed” atropdiastereoselective Ullmann coupling under mild reaction conditions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrite Ion on a Toluidine Blue Sol‐Gel Thin Film Electrode Derived from 3‐Aminopropyl Trimethoxy Silane
Authors: Thenmozhi K. , Narayanan S. Sriman
Published: October 2007

An organically modified sol‐gel electrode using 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxy silane for covalent immobilization of a redox mediator namely toluidine blue has been reported. Cyclic voltammetric characterization of the modified electrode in the potential range of 0.2 V to −0.6 V exhibited stable voltammetric behavior in aqueous supporting electrolyte with a formal potential of −0.265 V vs. SCE, corresponding to immobilized toluidine blue. The electrocatalytic activity of the modified electrode when tested towards nitrite ion exhibited a favorable response with the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite occurring at a reduced potential of −0.34 V. A good linear working range from 2.94×10−6 M to 2.11×10−3 M with a detection limit of 1.76×10−6 M and quantification limit of 5.87×10−6 M was obtained for nitrite determination. The stable and quick response (4 s) of the modified electrode towards nitrite under hydrodynamic conditions shows the feasibility of using the present sensor in flow systems. Significant improvements in the operational stability by overcoming the leachability problem and repeatability with a relative standard deviation of 1.8% of the TB thin film sensor have been obtained by the strategy of immobilization of the mediator in the sol‐gel matrix.
Determination of Thallium in a Flow System by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry at a Bismuth Film Electrode
Authors: Korolczuk Mieczyslaw , Surmacz Weronika , Tyszczuk Katarzyna
Published: October 2007

A procedure for trace thallium determination by anodic stripping voltammetry at a bismuth film electrode is presented. Measurements were performed in a flow system. The calibration graph was linear from 2×10−9 to 3×10−8 mol L−1 for an accumulation time of 300 s. A detection limit for Tl+ following deposition time of 300 s was 6×10−10 mol L−1. The relative standard deviation at Tl+ concentration 2×10−8 mol L−1 was 3.9%. For determination of thallium in complex matrices the procedure for elimination of interferences from foreign ions exploiting anion exchange resin was proposed. The procedure proposed was validated by analysis of rain water certified reference material.
Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Biosensor for Glucose Based on a Packed Immobilized Enzyme Reactor
Authors: Blanes Lucas , Mora Maria F. , do Lago Claudimir L. , Ayon Arturo , García Carlos D.
Published: October 2007

In this work, the development of a packed immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) and its integration to a capillary electrophoresis microchip is described. The present microchip design differs from others, in the fact that the same design could be used with or without the particles and, just by changing the material used to pack the IMER, different analytes can be detected. The applied procedure involves the separation of the target analyte by capillary electrophoresis (CE), which is then coupled to a post‐column IMER that produces H2O2. The H2O2 produced is finally detected downstream at the surface of a working electrode. Glucose was detected above 100 μM by packing particles modified with glucose oxidase at the end of the separation channel. The analytical performance of the microchip‐CE has been demonstrated by performing the separation and detection of glucose and noradrenaline. Additions of fructose showed no effect on either the peak position or the peak magnitude of glucose. The microchip‐CE‐IMER was also used to quantify glucose in carbonated beverages with good agreement with other reports.
Voltammetric Behavior of the Alizarin Red S Interaction with DNA and Damage to DNA
Authors: Yang Zhou‐Sheng , Zhang Da‐Peng , Long Hai‐Yan , Zhao Guang‐Chao
Published: October 2007

The electrochemical behavior and the interaction of alizarin red S (ARS) with calf thymus DNA was investigated on a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and DNA modified GCE (DNA/GCE), respectively. ARS showed a pair of redox peaks at −0.445 V and −0.414 V on a bare GCE. On addition of DNA into the ARS solution, the peak current of ARS decreased and the peak potential positively shifted, but without new redox peaks appeared. The ARS reduction peak current increased with immersion time on a DNA/GCE. The results showed that ARS could interact with DNA molecules by intercalative binding mode. The equilibrium constant, binding number and the ratio of binding constant for oxidized and reduced ARS forms were obtained. The DNA damage was directly detected by appearance of guanosine and adenosine bases oxidation signal. The influence of experimental conditions on DNA damage extent was discussed in detail.
Electrochemical Behavior and Multilayer Assembly Films with Fine Functional Activities of the Sandwich‐Type Polyoxometallate [Sb2W20Fe2O70(H2O)6]8−
Authors: Bi Li‐Hua , McCormac Timothy , Beloshapkin Sergey , Dempsey Eithne
Published: October 2007

The iron‐substituted sandwich‐type polyoxometalate (POM), comprised of the main group element Sb(III) as the central heteroatom, [Sb2W20Fe2O70(H2O)6]8− (Sb2W20Fe2), is one of the Krebs‐type derivatives. For the first time, the POMs' redox electrochemistry has been elucidated under acidic conditions employing cyclic voltammetry. It exhibited what is believed to be a bielectronic redox couple associated with the two Fe(III) centers followed by four‐electron and two‐electron redox processes, respectively, with these being attributed to redox processes of the tungsten‐oxo framework. The oxidized form of this POM was found to be stable from pH 1.5 to pH 6. Release of the iron centers from the complex, namely demetallization, was observed upon reduction of the Fe(III) sites at room temperature, with an influence of the solution pH being observed. Through the technique of layer‐by‐layer (LBL) assembly, the POM was successfully immobilized on both quartz and glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surfaces by alternate deposition with the polyelectrolyte poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). Thus‐prepared multilayer films have been characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV‐vis spectroscopy (UV‐vis) and XPS. The electrocatalytic activities of the multilayer films containing Sb2W20Fe2 have been investigated towards the reduction of NO3− and IO3−. With an increase in the number of Sb2W20Fe2 monolayers within the assembly, the catalytic current towards the reduction of IO3− was enhanced.
High‐order ENO and WENO schemes for unstructured grids
Authors: Wolf W. R. , Azevedo J. L. F.
Published: October 2007

This work describes the implementation and analysis of high‐order accurate schemes applied to high‐speed flows on unstructured grids. The class of essentially non‐oscillatory schemes (ENO), that includes weighted ENO schemes (WENO), is discussed in the paper with regard to the implementation of third‐ and fourth‐order accurate methods. The entire reconstruction process of ENO and WENO schemes is described with emphasis on the stencil selection algorithms. The stencils can be composed by control volumes with any number of edges, e.g. triangles, quadrilaterals and hybrid meshes. In the paper, ENO and WENO schemes are implemented for the solution of the dimensionless, 2‐D Euler equations in a cell centred finite volume context. High‐order flux integration is achieved using Gaussian quadratures. An approximate Riemann solver is used to evaluate the fluxes on the interfaces of the control volumes and a TVD Runge–Kutta scheme provides the time integration of the equations. Such a coupling of all these numerical tools, together with the high‐order interpolation of primitive variables provided by ENO and WENO schemes, leads to the desired order of accuracy expected in the solutions. An adaptive mesh refinement technique provides better resolution in regions with strong flowfield gradients. Results for high‐speed flow simulations are presented with the objective of assessing the implemented capability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The possible hydrologic effects of the proposed lignite open‐cast mining in Drama lignite field, Greece
Authors: Panilas Sotiris , Petalas Christos P. , Gemitzi Alexandra
Published: October 2007

The present study investigates the possible hydrologic effects of the proposed lignite open‐cast mining in Drama lignite field (north Greece). Recent years have seen a rapid increase in surface mining. This activity has generated a growing concern for the potential environmental impacts associated with large scale surface mining.

In order to achieve a safe mine operation and allow extraction of lignite to considerable depths, extensive dewatering by pumping will be necessary, while at the same time it is desirable to avoid presence of overpumping conditions in the broader area. Based on stratigrafic, hydrologic and hydrogeologic data, a three‐dimensional finite difference model was developed in order to simulate the dewatering process of the western part of the lignite open‐cast mine in Drama and to predict both spatially and temporally the decline of ground water level down to the lignite surface. The dewatering of the part of the aquifer which underlies the mine area will influence the hydrological conditions of the broader region. The most important anticipated effects will be the abandonment of shallow wells as well as the decrease of ground water pumping rates of deep wells. Aquifer discharge towards the ditches of the study area will cease and there will be an inversion of ground water flow from the ditches towards the underlying aquifer. Dewatering activities will probably result in minor subsidence of the nearby peat deposits of Drama Philippi marshes. Moreover, sand pumping as well as the presence of gasses is likely to cause local subsidence phenomena, mainly in the pit slopes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aquifer interactions with a polluted mountain river of Nicaragua
Authors: Mendoza Jose Alfredo , Ulriksen Peter , Picado Francisco , Dahlin Torleif
Published: October 2007

The interactions between a stream and nearby shallow aquifers were investigated in a mountain basin being polluted by mercury released during mining in central Nicaragua. Hourly data series of water levels and temperatures were analysed using cross‐correlation. Resistivity imaging was used to map the subsurface and to complement the hydrological data interpretation. The results show the complex hydrogeological conditions that characterize the region, with weathering and fractured rock as main contributors to groundwater transport. The resistivity images suggest the presence of two vertical dykes perpendicular to the stream, and zones rich in clay. The data series indicate a rapid response from the aquifers to recharge events, followed by immediate discharge on a yearly basis. Furthermore, alternating periods of stream infiltration and aquifer discharge were identified. This work demonstrates that surface water pollution is a threat to groundwater quality in the area. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.