bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O uso de aplicativos para o ensino de Química:
Authors: Delamuta Beatriz Haas , Neto João Coelho , Junior Sidney Lopes Sanchez , Assai Natany Dayani de Souza
Published: April 2021

Inúmeros são os trabalhos publicados na literatura que expõem uma diversidade de impasses no ensino de Química, bem como os que enfatizam o uso das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação para um processo educativo mais efetivo. Nesta perspectiva, os objetivos deste artigo são: analisar a produção científica referente ao uso de aplicativos para o ensino de Química; identificar quais conceitos químicos foram abordados com o uso de aplicativos; e, sugerir alguns aplicativos aos docentes dessa área da Ciência. Como encaminhamento metodológico realizou-se uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura nos últimos vinte anos (2000 a 2019) das pesquisas disponibilizadas em seis periódicos indexados na plataforma Sucupira. Dos 4.153 artigos mapeados, apenas sete abordam essa temática, dos quais dois relatam o uso de aplicativos para ensinar conteúdos químicos; um artigo menciona o uso do WhatsApp, e os demais se propõem a analisar o desenvolvimento e o uso de aplicativos para essa área do conhecimento. Os conceitos químicos que mais apareceram nos artigos foram: Química Orgânica, Ligações Químicas, Tabela Periódica, Materiais de Laboratório. Tal análise traz à tona a necessidade de maiores pesquisas na área do Ensino de Química que abordam a temática do uso de aplicativos móveis.
Research of the Issue of Effective Management of Regional Development in the System of State Regional Policy
Authors:   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Buchniev Maxym , Ivchenko Yevhen ,   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Derzhak Nataliya ,   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Morhachov Illia ,   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University
Published: April 2021

Annotation. Introduction. Strategic management of the region – management activities aimed at achieving the goals in an unstable competitive market environment, including diagnostic analysis of the region. Purpose. The aim of the article is to study the management of regional development in the system of state regional policy at different levels, which is the prerogative of functional management of the region, identifying problems and forecasting socio-economic development of the region, developing strategies and ways to improve state regional policy in transformational conditions. Results. State regional policy in Ukraine allows to consider the composition of subsystems of the region on the basis of the theory of organization, can serve as a basis for systematic analysis of the region depending on the scale of management, production capacity, population and market infrastructure. The basis of regional planning is a reasonable formation of its goals and criteria. The development strategy of the region should be based on the theory of program-target management and provide for setting strategic and tactical goals, as well as criteria for achieving them – quantitative indicators that determine the extent or composition of the assessment of the goal compared to other possible options for regional development. Conclusions. At present, the sphere of the state regional policy is being reformed, which should take into account the provision of balanced development of the state and its regions. Asymmetry and problems of development of the territories of Ukraine are connected with many negative phenomena. The state regional policy should be aimed at creating a single integrated space, taking into account the European experience and new approaches to its improvement. Difficult economic situation in the region; budget problems do not allow for expanded production, so it is advisable to apply strategies of “fire extinguishing”, “retreat”, “guerrilla warfare”, “reduction” and “elimination”. Keywords: Regional development, state regional policy, region, management system, strategic management, strategy, planning, concept.
Pengembangan Panduan Peran dan Fungsi Top Manajer Keperawatan di Rumah Sakit
Authors: Dewi Asra , Hariyati Rr. Tutik Sri , Dewi Laurentia
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan panduan peran dan fungsi kepala bidang keperawatan.  Metode studi ini merupakan studi kasus dengan analisis situasi. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan studi dokumen. Tahapan dimulai dari pengkajian, identifikasi masalah, analisis masalah, penetapan prioritas masalah dan membuat plan of action. Implementasi dimulai dari penyusunan rancangan panduan dan selfasesment, hiring expert, sosialisasi dan evaluasi. Studi ini merupakan sebuah proyek inovasi yang sudah memiliki izin dari Rumah Sakit Jakarta.  Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa peran dan fungsi kepala bidang keperawatan berpotensi ditingkatkan. Inovasi dikembangkan dengan membuat panduan dan selfasessment mengacu pada literatur yang mencakup tiga peran utama manajerial dan lima fungsi manajemen. Uji coba pengisian tools selfassesment dapat dilaksanakan. Simpulan dan fungsi kepala bidang keperawatan sangat penting dalam mendukung tata kelola keperawatan dan meningkatkan kinerja.

Kata Kunci:  Keperawatan, Panduan, Pengembangan, Peran dan Fungsi Manajemen, Top Manajer
Evaluation and Projection of Airport Landing Movement Areas based on Statistical Analyses, ICAO 2013 Manuals and KM 44, 2002 Regulation
Authors: Sandhyavitri Ari , Fansyuri Fiqri
Published: April 2021

This article demonstrated how to calculate an airport landing movement in systematic five main stages encompassing; (i) data collection (including passengers data, aircraft movements, population, GDP, per capita income, cargos movement, temperatures, ground elevation, slope surface, wind speed, and aircraft characteristics), (ii) forecasting the future traffic demands, (iii) calculating aerodrome reference field length (ARFL), (iv) define aerodrome reference code (ARF), and (v) calculate runway dimensions, taxiways, and apron areas. This article has selected Hang Nadim International Airport (HIA) as a case study. It was identified that the aircraft movements in this airport have increased by an average of 7.30% every year in the periods of 2007 to 2016. This Airport has an existing apron with a capacity of 13 aircraft, while the apron currently has to accommodate 19 aircraft. Therefore, to anticipate future demand. This research evaluated and forecasted the requirements standard for the airport landing movement areas in 2026. Based on the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 2013 manuals and KM 44, 2002 regulation concerning the National Airport Regulation. This article recommended that the existing runway and taxiways would be adequate to facilitate future aircraft movements up to 2026. However, the apron requires to be expanded to 1,600 m x 150 m (which a capacity of 31 aircraft) for accommodating the apron requirements standard in 2026.
Prototype of Gas Leaking Monitoring Device In Gas Distribution Pipe of PT. Prima Gasifikasi Indonesia in Tanjung Batu
Authors: Prayetno Eko , Nusyirwan Deny , Putra Ryan Ramadhan , Randika Saputra  , Bayu Anggara
Published: April 2021

This study aims to help PT. Prima Gasifikasi Indonesia makes a device that detects leaks in gas distribution pipes based on microcontroller technology. This gas detector is connected to several virtual devices that make this tool work well, namely the MQ-2 sensor working as a gas detector, NodeMCU to control the device's controls. As a notification sender to Android, the LED indicates the tool is active, and the buzzer is the provider. Information with a voice indicator. This detector can detect gas to a 'distance 'of less "than '25 cm 'from the sensor. The input on this device, namely MQ-2, will be sent directly to NodeMCU using programming, namely C language when detecting gas. From the device, two conditions will appear, the first condition is LOW when the device does not detect gas and the second condition is HIGH; namely, the device is medium detects gas caused by a leaky pipe, if the device detects gas, the 'systems will command the output in the form of a buzzer as a sound indicator to sound and provide a notification sent via the Internet to Android by giving a message that the gas has been detected
Culturas urbanas, subjetividades y representaciones sociales en el contexto latinoamericano
Authors: Mora Acosta Ferney , Rosero Arcos Víctor Hugo
Published: April 2021

Desde la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales de nuestra Universidad Mariana, celebramos con felicidad y orgullo la presentación en sociedad de Culturas Urbanas, Subjetividades y Representaciones Sociales en el Contexto Latinoamericano, resultado de la plena dedicación de tres profesionales enamorados de las temáticas que emergen alrededor de las culturas urbanas desde una mirada latinoamericana. Fueron muchos los encuentros y desencuentros académicos: tertulias, coloquios, seminarios y congresos en los que se debatió temáticas y socializaciones por expertos en el campo de las ciencias sociales y humanas, específicamente, desde los discursos de la filosofía y de la psicología, áreas que ocupan un espacio muy importante en la comunidad académica.
El sentido de justicia y las prácticas restaurativas en instituciones de reeducación
Authors: Roa Pinto Gelber Yecid
Published: April 2021

Este escrito da cuenta de un proceso de investigación cualitativo, de tipo etnográfico; su propósito es identificar y reflexionar sobre el sentido de justicia y las prácticas restaurativas en contextos de reeducación donde se implementa el Sistema de Responsabilidad Penal para Adolescentes (SRPA), enmarcado en una perspectiva pedagógica humana, en concordancia con políticas nacionales promocionadas por medio del Ministerio de Justicia y del Derecho (2018) en la Guía Metodológica para la implementación del programa de Justicia Juvenil Restaurativa, ubicando de esta forma dichas prácticas bajo el enfoque de la Justicia Juvenil Restaurativa, en el marco de las sanciones en dicho sistema.
A Study of Mother Tongue Interference in the English Pronunciation of Pothohari Speakers
Authors: Tabassum Samina , Fatima Kanwal , Anwar Amna
Published: April 2021

The study aims to investigate the interference of mother tongue in the English pronunciation of Pothohari speakers. The distinctive features of English pronunciation of Pakistani Pothohari speakers are analyzed keeping focus on selected vowels, diphthongs and /r/ sound. A set of nine phonemes: diphthongs ɪə,ɑɪ,eɪ, əʊ, ɔɪ, vowels ɒ, ɜː, æ and /r/ phoneme are focused. The study has foregrounded, in distinctive features, theory for theoretical considerations. Twenty native Pothohari speakers participated in the study. A list of eighteen sentences with the target sounds is used for data collection purpose. The utterances of sample participants are recorded and analyzed to realizd the objectives of the study. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches are utilized to analyze the recorded data. Received Pronunciation (RP) is used as a reference tool to determine the differences. The findings identified certain distinctive features in English pronunciation of the Pothohari speakers marked by the influence of the mother tongue.
A Structural Equation Modeling on Relationship Between Self-Efficacy, Physics Laboratory Anxiety and Attitudes
Authors: KURBANOGLU İzzet , TAKUNYACI Mithat
Published: April 2021

The success of the students in the physics lab depends on their general physics achievement, the physics lesson performance in high school and the test scores. In addition, the success of students in the physics lab was influenced by the students’ physics lab attitudes and non-cognitive variables such as anxiety and self-efficacy beliefs. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to indicate structural equation modeling on self-efficacy, physics lab anxiety and attitudes. In this research, 513 university students participated, and three scales were used to data collection including Self-efficacy Scale, Physics Lab Anxiety Scale (P-LAS), and Physics Lab Attitudes Scale. In correlation analysis, physics lab anxiety was found negatively related to physics lab attitudes and self-efficacy. According to path analysis results, physics lab attitudes were predicted positively by self-efficacy. Furthermore, self-efficacy and physics lab attitudes were predicted by physics lab anxiety in a negative way. The study revealed that high self-efficacy and positive attitudes toward physics decreases physics lab anxiety. The findings were discussed using the literature in this field.
Why Deteriorating Relations, Xenophobia, and Safety Concerns Will Deter Chinese International Student Mobility to the United States
Authors: Allen Ryan , Ye Ying
Published: April 2021

Collaborations between American and Chinese universities have been critical to global knowledge production. Chinese students accounted for over a third of all international students in the United States prior to COVID-19, but the pandemic paused most global mobility in 2020. We argue that this international mobility to the United States will not fully recover if larger stressors are left unaddressed. First, relations between the United States and China have deteriorated in recent years, especially under the Trump administration, with growing suspicion against Chinese researchers and scholars. Second, viral acts of violence and anti-Asian incidents have painted the United States as unsafe for Chinese students. Finally, given the mismanaged response to the pandemic, it may take years before trust returns from abroad. While the Biden administration has promised to curb some of these issues, the perceptions of the United States may have been permanently altered.
EFEITOS CARDIOVASCULARES DO HIIT EM PACIENTES CARDIOPATAS
Authors: Oliveira Bruno César Nascimento , Gonçalves Gustavo Henrique , Vieira-Souza Lucio Marques
Published: April 2021

O treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) muito utilizado nos dias de hoje pela população ativa e saudável, ainda não possui um consenso absoluto quando se trata de um público com alguma comorbidade, principalmente no caso de cardiopatas, onde se tem ainda a maior parte das prescrições direcionadas para o treino contínuo moderado. Na população mundial há um aumento de pacientes cardiopatas a cada dia, e entender mais sobre aplicações em prevenção e tratamento dela se torna fundamental e essencial para os profissionais da área da saúde. O objetivo do texto foi realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura, no qual realizou-se uma consulta de artigos científicos selecionados através de busca no banco de dados do SCiELO, Pubmed e Lilacs, foram encontrados 06 artigos referentes ao tema, sendo excluídos aqueles que não atendiam aos critérios de inclusão: artigos originais e disponíveis na integra em inglês, espanhol e português, e período de publicação compreendido de 2000 a 2020. Identificou que o HIIT, aplicado em pacientes cardiopatas, apresentam melhoras no condicionamento cardiorrespiratório quando comparado a protocolos de exercício moderado contínuo, no que diz respeito a ganhos no pico de consumo máximo de oxigênio e na melhoria da capacidade de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo. Portanto, sugere-se que o HIIT pode ser considerado um método eficiente na prevenção e adjuvante no tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares, além da possibilidade de ser inserido em programas de reabilitação cardíaca.
Uji Perbandingan Efektivitas Kerja Anestetikum Lidokain dan Lidokain + Epinefrin Terhadap Rasa Nyeri
Authors: Mattalitti St. Fadhillah Oemar , Lestari Nurasisa , Wijaya M. Fajrin , Jayakusuma Ardian , Lauddin Taufan , Azis Desi Safitria
Published: April 2021

Pendahuluan: Kelompok studi nyeri perdossi (2000) telah menerjemahkan definisi nyeri yang dibuat IASP (International Association The Study of Pain) yang berbunyi “nyeri adalah pengalaman sensorik dan emosional yang tidak menyenangkan akibat kerusakan jaringan, baik aktual maupun potensial, atau yang digambarkan dalam bentuk kerusakan tersebut”. Bahan anestesi (anestetikum) digunakan untuk menghilangkan rasa sakit yang timbul akibat prosedur kedokteran gigi yang dilakukan. Bahan anestesi lokal terbagi atas dua golongan yaitu ester dan amida. Tujuan Penelitiam:Untuk mengetahui efektivitas kerja anestetikum lidokain dan lidokain + epinefrin terhadap rasa nyeri pada pasien di RSIGM UMI tahun 2018. Bahan dan Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis metode quasi eksperimental dengan rancangan cross sectional.Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan Accidental Sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 yang terdiri atas 2 kelompok. Sampel penelitian adalah pasien dengan kasus ektraksi sisa akar molar rahang bawah. Pasien datang ke RSIGM untuk melakukan tindakan ekstraksi sisa akar lalu pasien diberi anestesi sebelum dilakukan tindakan lalu dilakukan penilaian terhadap bahan anestestesi dengan lembaran cheklist kemudian setelah dilakukan tindakan ekstraksi pasien diwawancarai dengan menggunakan lembar NRS(Numeric Rating Scale). Hasil : Uji Mann-Whitney test penelitian ini terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada efektivitas kerja anestesikum lidokain dan lidokain + epinefrin  dengan nilai p value = 0,000 yang berarti lebih kecil dari p<0,05. Kesimpulan : Terdapat perbandingan perbedaan efektivitas kerja yang signifikan antara lidokain dan lidokain + epinefrin.
Perbedaan Usia Terhadap Posisi Foramen Mentalis Panoramik di RSGM TNI AL Yos Sudarso Makassar Tahun 2018
Authors: Mattalitti St. Fadhillah Oemar , Lestari Nurasisa , Pertiwisari Amanah , Bima Lukman , Husein Husnah , Idul Indira Ayu Suryandari
Published: April 2021

Pendahuluan: Foramen mentalis adalah bagian dari struktur anatomi mandibula yang terdapat pada kedua sisi mandibula. Identifikasi dan pemahaman posisi foramen mentalis secara klinis sangat penting dalam praktik kedokteran gigi antara lain untuk kepentingan anastesi, perawatan fraktur area parasimfisis, osteotomi untuk keperluan ortodontik, penempatan implan serta dalam bidang forensik kedokteran gigi dapat membantu mengidentifikasi Victim (Korban) yang tidak diketahui identitasnya dalam menentukan usianya. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan usia terhadap posisi foramen mentalis dari  gambaran radiografi panoramik pada pasien di RSGM Ladokgi TNI AL Yos Sudarso. Bahan dan Metode: Foto Panoramik, CD Room, DVD Writer, form penelitian, dan Software ImageJ. Jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional study. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Kruskal Wallis. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan usia 20-44 tahun lebih banyak berkunjung ke dokter gigi untuk memeriksakan kesehatan giginya. Adapun posisi foramen mentalis ditemukan paling banyak di posisi 4 yaitu di bawah premolar 2, lalu diikuti oleh posisi 5 yaitu di antara premolar 2 dan molar 1. Berdasarkan hasil uji Kruskal Wallis, didapatkan nilai p = 0.191 > a = 0.05 untuk regio kanan dan untuk regio kiri memiliki nilai siginifikansi perbedaan p = 0.482 > a = 0.05. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan usia terhadap posisi foramen mentalis ditinjau dari gambaran radiografi panoramik di RSGM Ladokgi TNI AL Yos Sudarso Makassar.
The post-hematopoietic cell transplantation microbiome: relationships with transplant outcome and potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Van Lier Yannouck F. , Van den Brink Marcel R.M. , Hazenberg Mette D. , Markey Kate A.
Published: April 2021

Microbiota injury occurs in many patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, likely as a consequence of conditioning regimens involving chemo- and radiotherapy, the widespread use of both prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotics, and profound dietary changes during the peri-transplant period. Peri-transplant dysbiosis is characterized by a decrease in bacterial diversity, loss of commensal bacteria and single-taxon domination (e.g., with Enterococcal strains). Clinically, deviation of the post-transplant microbiota from a normal, high-diversity, healthy state has been associated with increased risk of bacteremia, development of graft-versus-host disease and decreases in overall survival. A number of recent clinical trials have attempted to target the microbiota in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation patients via dietary interventions, selection of therapeutic antibiotics, administration of pre- or pro-biotics, or by performing fecal microbiota transplantation. These strategies have yielded promising results but the mechanisms by which these interventions influence transplant-related complications remain largely unknown. In this review we summarize the current approaches to targeting the microbiota, discuss potential underlying mechanisms and highlight the key outstanding areas that require further investigation in order to advance microbiota- targeting therapies.
"Water Politics": Gampong Lengkong Existence in Langsa City 2000-2021
Authors: Prasetyo Okhaifi , Kumalasari Dyah
Published: April 2021

Water is a natural resource that has a very important function for the life of living things on earth. The existence of Gampong Lengkong has brought its own changes since 2000 after the existence of a clean water industry by managing clean water that is in the ground. This study aims to obtain a complete and integrated understanding of the clean water household industry in Gampong Lengkong, Langsa City, which affects the community both in terms of politics and existence. Using qualitative methods with data collection techniques literature study, observation, interviews, documentation. Based on the research results, it is concluded as follows: In 1995 marked the emergence of a water industry being developed in an area which is a peat land area, the Gampong Lengkong area was developed into a small household industrial area. At this early stage the area did not exploit so many clean water. In its existence, the people of Gampong Lengkong are greatly helped by the clean water industry. Besides, there is a political element in every policy taken for the implementation of economic activities in Lengkong Village. Political activity is characterized in three dimensions, namely: activity, decision making, and distribution of clean water.
A LITTLEKNOWN MENTION ABOUT A DOCUMENT OF LUTSK BISHOP OF 1319
Authors: PARSHYN Illia
Published: April 2021

The article considers the mention of the letter of the bishop of Lutsk to the Polish king from 1319, inscribed in the inventory of Polish royal charters in 1681. Nothing is known about such a document from the Kyivan Rus heritage. The remark about Lutsk as a part of the Kingdom of Poland, at first glance, dates back to 1681, when the register was compiled, because, at the beginning of the 14th century, the city belonged to the Romanovych's Halychyna-Volyn state.Based on the analysis of political events, it is clear that there are no objective reasons for creating this document. Dukes Andrii and Lev, two sons of king Yurii Lvovych, were in an alliance with the Polish rulers, who did not own the royal regalia. There is no evidence of religious contacts of Lutsk higher clergy with Rome at the beginning of the 14th century. Lutsk was one of the centers of the Metropolis of Halych; the local clergy did not need the approval of their possessions from Piasts. The location of the mention of the analyzed document next to the unknown texts of Duke Lev Danylovych's grants further undermines the idea of the diploma's historicity. At the same time, the text of the letter is similar to the letter of Lutsk Bishop Ioan, which he wrote in 1398 and addressed to King Wladyslaw Jagiello. In particular, it concerns a promise to pay 200 hryvnias; instead, the king had to support him for the post of Metropolitan of Halych. This conclusion is certainly not final. However, the document of 1319 is probably a phantom that appeared as a result of the unsuccessful processing of the Polish archives in the 17th century.
THE GREEK-CATHOLIC CLERGY AS AN IMPORTANT SOCIAL FACTOR OF THE «PROSVITA» SOCIETY FORMATION
Authors: PASHUK Volodymyr
Published: April 2021

The study's main focus is on figuring out the involvement of a part of the Halychyna Greek Catholic clergy in forming the ideology and developing the «Prosvita» Society. Exploring the Halychyna clergy representatives' participation in defining the ideological principles that justify the need to establish an educational organization, much attention is paid to the press appearances of Fr. S. Kachala and a member of the Constituent Assembly, pastor of Lopnianka village, Fr. Y. Zaiachkivskyi. It is noted that the election of Fr. Dr. O. Ohnovskyi in the first selection showed the involvement of the clergy in the creation of the governing body of the newly-founded institution and, accordingly, to the organization of educational work establishment. Also, the work of the pastors in the deployment of the publishing was investigated. Hence, the first authors and patrons of «Prosvita» publications were: Fr. S. Kachala, who prepared and financed the printing of the brochure «What Destroys Us, and What Can Help» and Fr. K. Seletskyi, who wrote and gave money to the publication of «Catechism for Greek‑Catholic Rite Children». During the first years of the institution's functioning, Fr. Hnat Rozhanskyi worked as an expert and reviewer of works recommended for printing and noted that he offered «Prosvita» to publish about the lives of the saints. While studying the formation of a membership structure, it was clear that the priests made more than a third part of all who gained the status of the educator in the first year. Out of 29 new members of the Society, 11 were priests and one Basilian. At the same time, the importance of the organizational and governing role of clerics in the further development of the institution is emphasized. Examples of all mentioned above are Fr. Dr. Omelian Ohonovskyi, professor of the Ukrainian language at Lviv University, who contributed to the successful establishment of «Prosvita» and transforming it into a massive, nationwide organization while being the fourth chairman of the Society (from May 31, 1877, to October 28, 1894); a Papal Chamberlain Rr. Mykhailo Tsehelskyi from Kaminka‑Strumylova (now Kamianka Buska), who organized a brunch in the early '90s of the 19th century and developed a notable educational movement in the Nadbuzhanskyi region. The conclusions in the final part of the research are: the Halychyna clergy, under challenging conditions due to their active civic position, made an important social base, which with its moral example, intelligence, and organizational efforts contributed to the development and strengthening of educational institutions in the land.

Keywords: «Prosvita» Society, Greek-Catholic clergy, priests-enlighters.
Refet Paşa’nın TBMM Hükûmeti Adına Yönetimi Devralmak İçin İstanbul’a Gelişi ve Faaliyetleri
Authors: Mutlu Cengiz
Published: April 2021

Mudanya Mütarekesi’ne göre İstanbul ve Doğru Trakya’nın kademeli olarak boşaltılarak TBMM hükûmetine devredilmesi kararlaştırılmıştı. Bu bağlamda mütarekenin ardından Ankara hükûmeti tarafından Trakya’yı teslim almakla görevlendirilen Refet Paşa’ya, aynı zamanda İstanbul’da Ankara hükûmetini temsil etme yetkisi verilmişti.19 Ekim 1922’de Gülnihal Vapuru’yla İstanbul’a gelen Refet Paşa coşkuyla karşılanmıştır. Refet Paşa, İstanbul’un teslimi ve bu süreçte buradaki asayişin nasıl sağlanacağı hususunda İtilaf Devletleri temsilcileriyle önemli görüşmeler yapmıştır. Görüşmelerde Mudanya Mütarekesi’nin uygulanması sırasındaki ihtilafların giderilmesi ve basında İtilaf Devletleri ve ordularının haysiyetini rencide edici ifadelerden sakınılması hususunda antlaşmaya varılmıştır. Gerek İstanbul halkının Refet Paşa’ya gösterdiği yoğun sevgi ve destek gösterileri, gerekse Refet Paşa’nın İstanbul’daki faaliyetleri TBMM’de yanlış anlaşılmalara neden olarak Refet Paşa’nın yetkilerini aştığı yönde yorumlanmış ve hakkında takrir verilmesine sebebiyet vermiştir. Fakat Başvekil Rauf Bey’in mebusları ikna eden konuşmasından sonar söz konusu takrir reddedilmiştir. Refet Paşa, TBMM’nin İstanbul mebusu Adnan Bey’i İstanbul’a göndermesine kadar görevinde kalmıştır. Kendisi sonradan Doğru Trakya’yı İtilaf Devletleri’nden teslim almak ve burada bir askerî teşkilat kurmak üzere bölgeye gönderilmiştir. Bu arada Refet Paşa’nın bu süreçte İtilaf Devletleri temsilcileri ve TBMM ile olan ilişkileri Batı basını tarafından da ilgiyle takip edilmiştir. Lozan Antlaşması’ndan sonra Trakya Kumandanlığı’nın yerini Üçüncü Kolorduya bırakmasıyla birlikte Refet Paşa’nın vazifesi de son bulmuştur. Bu makalede TBMM tarafından İstanbul’u teslim almakla görevlendirilen Refet Paşa’nın İtilaf Devletleri ve İstanbul hükûmeti temsilcileriyle yaptığı görüşmeler ve Trakya’daki faaliyetleri değerlendirilecektir. Çalışmada Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi, Cumhuriyet Arşivi ile TBMM Zabıt Cerideleri ve bazı süreli yayınlar ağırlıklı olarak kullanılmıştır.
2006: The Topology of Morals (Who Does the Algorithm Think We Are?)
Authors: Eloff Aragorn
Published: April 2021

Deleuze's Postscript on the Societies of Control has been the most common entry point for interrogating the ways in which contemporary digital technologies have altered the social and the subjective from a Deleuzo-Guattarian perspective. It is, however, in A Thousand Plateaus that we find the most comprehensive set of resources for grappling with the Algocene, the contemporary digitally interconnected world of ubiquitous computing, drones, data mining, smart cities, social media, automated trading and other data-driven technologies that are heavily reliant upon algorithmic processes and deep learning networks. In this broad survey, I argue that in order to grapple with these new technological assemblages and the implications of their deployment across society, we should posit a new major stratum, the algoplastic, and, along with it, new modes of operation of order-words and the regimes of signs they form part of. I conclude by posing some of the new problems that emerge with the Algocene.
Screening for Core Genes Related to Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Yang Longxiu , Qin Yuan , Jian Chongdong
Published: April 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a nervous system disease, lacks effective therapies at present. RNA expression is the basic way to regulate life activities, and identifying related characteristics in AD patients may aid the exploration of AD pathogenesis and treatment. This study developed a classifier that could accurately classify AD patients and healthy people, and then obtained 3 core genes that may be related to the pathogenesis of AD. To this end, RNA expression data of the middle temporal gyrus of AD patients were firstly downloaded from GEO database, and the data were then normalized using limma package following a supplementation of missing data by k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm. Afterwards, the top 500 genes of the most feature importance were obtained through Max-Relevance and Min-Redundancy (mRMR) analysis, and based on these genes, a series of AD classifiers were constructed through Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and KNN algorithms. Then, the KNN classifier with the highest Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) value composed of 14 genes in incremental feature selection (IFS) analysis was identified as the best AD classifier. As analyzed, the 14 genes played a pivotal role in determination of AD and may be core genes associated with the pathogenesis of AD. Finally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Random Walk with Restart (RWR) analysis were applied to obtain core gene-associated genes, and key pathways related to AD were further analyzed. Overall, this study contributed to a deeper understanding of AD pathogenesis and provided theoretical guidance for related research and experiments.
Alteration of Gut Microbiome and Correlated Lipid Metabolism in Post-Stroke Depression
Authors: Jiang Wenxia , Gong Lei , Liu Fang , Ren Yikun , Mu Jun
Published: April 2021

Background

The pathogenesis of post-stroke depression (PSD) remains largely unknown. There is growing evidence indicating that gut microbiota participates in the development of brain diseases through the gut-brain axis. Here, we aim to determine whether and how microbial composition and function altered among control, stroke and PSD rats.

Materials and Methods

After the PSD rat model was successfully established, gut microbiome combined with fecal metabolome approach were performed to identify potentially PSD-related gut microbes and their functional metabolites. Then, correlations between behavior indices and altered gut microbes, as well as correlations between altered gut microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with differential metabolites in PSD rats were explored. Enrichment analysis was also conducted to uncover the crucial metabolic pathways related to PSD.

Results

Although there were some alterations in the microbiome and metabolism of the control and stroke rats, we found that the microbial and metabolic phenotypes of PSD rats were significantly different. The microbial composition of PSD showed a decreased species richness indices, characterized by 22 depleted OTUs mainly belonging to phylum Firmicutes, genus Blautia and Streptococcus. In addition, PSD was associated with disturbances of fecal metabolomics, among them Glutamate, Maleic acid, 5-Methyluridine, Gallocatechin, 1,5-Anhydroglucitol, L-Kynurenine, Daidzein, Cyanoalanine, Acetyl Alanine and 5-Methoxytryptamine were significantly related to disturbed gut microbiome (P ≤ 0.01). Disordered fecal metabolomics in PSD rats mainly assigned to lipid, amino acid, carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism. The steroid biosynthesis was particularly enriched in PSD.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that gut microbiome may participate in the development of PSD, the mechanism may be related to the regulation of lipid metabolism.
Rock Physical Model and AVO Patterns for the Mud-Rich Source Rock
Authors: Yu Songhe , Zong Zhaoyun , Yin Xingyao
Published: April 2021

Rock physical model and amplitude variation with offset (AVO) patterns considering the content of organic matter and the composition of minerals have a wider significance for guiding the identification and prediction of the mud-rich source rock. A rock physical model is proposed for describing the elastic properties of kerogen in different maturity stages. The proposed rock physical model builds an intrinsic connection between the elastic properties and physical parameters of the mud-rich source rock, thereby providing a theoretical basis for a seismic inversion and a seismic forward modeling. To overcome the limitations of laboratory measurement, a combination-four-parameter regression (CFPR) method is further proposed to estimate the continuous total organic carbon (TOC) values for the verification and analysis of the rock physical model. The modeling results reveal that the P-wave velocity and P-wave impedance will decrease with an increase in TOC, and the Poisson ratio and Poisson impedance will increase as the mud content increases, which are consistent with the conclusions of the cross plot using the actual well data. Based on the proposed rock physical model, the seismic responses of the mud-rich source rock are further modeled. The synthetic seismic records are consistent with the well-side seismic records, the top reflection of the mud-rich source rock behaves as a stronger negative event dimming with an incident angle corresponding to a class IV AVO pattern, and the bottom reflection exhibits a class I AVO anomaly. In addition, a two-layer model is constructed to analyze an effect of the TOC content and mud content on the AVO characteristics. The results indicate that increasing the TOC content and mud content will significantly increase the interceptions and slightly change the gradients of the P-P reflection coefficients. These results help to guide the identification and evaluation of the mud-rich source rock.
An Item Response Modeling Approach to Cognitive Load Measurement
Authors: Ehrich John Fitzgerald , Howard Steven J. , Bokosmaty Sahar , Woodcock Stuart
Published: April 2021

The accurate measurement of the cognitive load a learner encounters in a given task is critical to the understanding and application of Cognitive Load Theory (CLT). However, as a covert psychological construct, cognitive load represents a challenging measurement issue. To date, this challenge has been met mostly by subjective self-reports of cognitive load experienced in a learning situation. In this paper, we find that a valid and reliable index of cognitive load can be obtained through item response modeling of student performance. Specifically, estimates derived from item response modeling of relative difficulty (i.e., the difference between item difficulty and person ability locations) can function as a linear measure that combines the key components of cognitive load (i.e., mental load, mental effort, and performance). This index of cognitive load (relativedifficulty) was tested for criterion (concurrent) validity in Year 2 learners (N= 91) performance on standardized educational numeracy and literacy assessments. Learners’ working memory (WM) capacity significantly predicted our proposed cognitive load (relative difficulty) index across both numeracy and literacy domains. That is, higher levels of WM were related to lower levels of cognitive load (relative difficulty), in line with fundamental predictions of CLT. These results illustrate the validity, utility and potential of this objective item response modeling approach to capturing individual differences in cognitive load across discrete learning tasks.
A 30-Year Study of Impacts, Recovery, and Development of Critical Effect Sizes for Endocrine Disruption in White Sucker (Catostomus commersonii) Exposed to Bleached-Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent at Jackfish Bay, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Ussery Erin J. , McMaster Mark E. , Servos Mark R. , Miller David H. , Munkittrick Kelly R.
Published: April 2021

Jackfish Bay is an isolated bay on the north shore of Lake Superior, Canada that has received effluent from a large bleached-kraft pulp mill since the 1940s. Studies conducted in the late 1980s found evidence of reductions in sex steroid hormone levels in multiple fish species living in the Bay, and increased growth, condition and relative liver weights, with a reduction in internal fat storage, reduced gonadal sizes, delayed sexual maturation, and altered levels of circulating sex steroid hormones in white sucker (Catostomus commersonii). These early studies provided some of the first pieces of evidence of endocrine disruption in wild animals. Studies on white sucker have continued at Jackfish Bay, monitoring fish health after the installation of secondary waste treatment (1989), changes in the pulp bleaching process (1990s), during facility maintenance shutdowns and during a series of facility closures associated with changing ownership (2000s), and were carried through to 2019 resulting in a 30-year study of fish health impacts, endocrine disruption, chemical exposure, and ecosystem recovery. The objective of the present study was to summarize and understand more than 75 physiological, endocrine, chemical and whole organism endpoints that have been studied providing important context for the complexity of endocrine responses, species differences, and challenges with extrapolation. Differences in body size, liver size, gonad size and condition persist, although changes in liver and gonad indices are much smaller than in the early years. Population modeling of the initial reproductive alterations predicted a 30% reduction in the population size, however with improvements over the last couple of decades those population impacts improved considerably. Reflection on these 30 years of detailed studies, on environmental conditions, physiological, and whole organism endpoints, gives insight into the complexity of endocrine responses to environmental change and mitigation.
Case Report: Exceptional Response to Second Line Temozolomide Therapy in a Patient With Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Cosentini Deborah , Turla Antonella , Carminati Ornella , Grisanti Salvatore , Ferrari Vittorio Domenico , Laganà Marta , Rosti Giovanni , Sigala Sandra , Berruti Alfredo
Published: April 2021

Background

In a recently published retrospective case series, Temozolomide was found active as second line approach in advanced ACC patients. The disease control rate obtained, however, was short-lived. We report here an ACC patient with extensive metastatic disease who obtained a remarkable long lasting response with this alkylating agent.

Case Presentation

a 22-year-old female patient with ACC presented at our Medical Oncology Department in poor general condition due the presence of extensive metastatic pulmonary involvement. The disease had progressed to etoposide, doxorubicin and cisplatin plus mitotane therapy. Second line temozolomide therapy was prescribed leading to a progressive improvement of patient general conditions. The disease restaging after 12 cycles revealed a complete response of lung lesions and the patient was free from progression for 14+ months.

Conclusion

Temozolomide therapy could be exceptionally efficacious in the management of ACC patients. The molecular mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to this drug should be carefully studied, in order to select the patients destined to obtain a significant clinical benefit to the drug.
Site-Based Conservation of Terrestrial Bird Species in the Caribbean and Central and South America Under Climate Change
Authors: Voskamp Alke , Butchart Stuart H. M. , Baker David J. , Wilsey Chad B. , Willis Stephen G.
Published: April 2021

Two of the principal responses of species to recent climate change have been changes in range and abundance, leading to a global reshuffling of the geographic distribution of species. Such range changes may cause species to disappear from areas they currently occupy and, given the right conditions, to colonize new sites. This could affect the ability of site networks (such as protected areas) to conserve species. Identifying sites that will continue to provide suitable conditions for focal species under future climate change scenarios and sites that are likely to become unsuitable is important for effective conservation planning. Here we explore the impacts of climate change on terrestrial bird species of conservation concern in the Neotropics, and the consequences for the network of Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) identified to conserve them. We modelled changes in species distributions for 3,798 species across the Caribbean and Central and South America, accounting for species-specific biological traits (natal dispersal ability and generation length), to assess species occurrences within IBAs under different future climate scenarios. Based on the projected changes in species compositions, we identified potential management strategies for the individual sites of the network. We projected that future climate change will have substantial impacts on the distribution of individual species across the IBA network, resulting in very heterogenous impacts on the individual IBAs. Mean turnover of species of conservation concern within IBAs was 17% by 2050. Nonetheless, under a medium-warming scenario, for 73% of the 939 species of conservation concern, more than half of the IBAs in which they currently occur were projected to remain climatically suitable, and for 90% at least a quarter of the sites remain suitable. These results suggest that the IBA network will remain robust under climate change. Nevertheless, 7% of the species of conservation concern are projected to have no suitable climate in the IBAs currently identified for them. Our results highlight the importance of a network-wide perspective when taking management decisions for individual sites under climate change.
NEM-Tar: A Probabilistic Graphical Model for Cancer Regulatory Network Inference and Prioritization of Potential Therapeutic Targets From Multi-Omics Data
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Zhu Lina , Wang Xin
Published: April 2021

Targeted therapy has been widely adopted as an effective treatment strategy to battle against cancer. However, cancers are not single disease entities, but comprising multiple molecularly distinct subtypes, and the heterogeneity nature prevents precise selection of patients for optimized therapy. Dissecting cancer subtype-specific signaling pathways is crucial to pinpointing dysregulated genes for the prioritization of novel therapeutic targets. Nested effects models (NEMs) are a group of graphical models that encode subset relations between observed downstream effects under perturbations to upstream signaling genes, providing a prototype for mapping the inner workings of the cell. In this study, we developed NEM-Tar, which extends the original NEMs to predict drug targets by incorporating causal information of (epi)genetic aberrations for signaling pathway inference. An information theory-based score, weighted information gain (WIG), was proposed to assess the impact of signaling genes on a specific downstream biological process of interest. Subsequently, we conducted simulation studies to compare three inference methods and found that the greedy hill-climbing algorithm demonstrated the highest accuracy and robustness to noise. Furthermore, two case studies were conducted using multi-omics data for colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC) in the TCGA database. Using NEM-Tar, we inferred signaling networks driving the poor-prognosis subtypes of CRC and GC, respectively. Our model prioritized not only potential individual drug targets such as HER2, for which FDA-approved inhibitors are available but also the combinations of multiple targets potentially useful for the design of combination therapies.