bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O pensamento estético e a Plástica de Herder
Authors: Franceschini Pedro Augusto da Costa
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo procura investigar o ensaio "Plástica", de Johann Gottfried Herder, como documento fundamental no desenvolvimento da estética alemã. A partir do estudo da especificidade da escultura, baseada no tato, em oposição à pintura e à visão, observa-se uma exemplar aplicação do projeto herderiano de fundamentação da estética na sensibilidade. Ao mesmo tempo, surge uma progressiva tensão através de um olhar mais originário sobre a sensibilidade operante na percepção da forma viva da escultura, sobre um fundo poético e mitológico. Na articulação dessas duas dimensões, acompanhamos o autor mobilizar de maneira original a teoria do conhecimento, a crítica e a história da arte, na tentativa de fundamentar um novo ponto de vista para a estética.
A teoria do romance de Friedrich Schlegel
Authors: Medeiros Constantino Luz de
Published: September 2018

Para Friedrich Schlegel, o romance é a poesia romântica mais originária, cuja diferença em relação aos outros gêneros literários reside na capacidade de ser uma mistura de todos os gêneros. Concretizando sua máxima de que a teoria do romance deve ser ela mesma um romance, o crítico publica em 1799 a obra Lucinde. Schlegel também teoriza sobre o romance em seus Fragmentos sobre Poesia e Literatura (1797-1803), assim como em Conversa sobre a poesia (1800). O artigo examina e discute a teoria do romance de Friedrich Schlegel.
A magia natural da fantasia
Authors: Martone Juliana Ferracci
Published: September 2018

O propósito do texto é explorar o conceito de fantasia do escritor alemão Jean Paul Richter exposto no apêndice do romance "Quintus Fixlein" e intitulado "Sobre a magia natural da imaginação" (1796). Procura-se entender os dois principais "modus operandi" dessa faculdade do homem: por um lado espiritualizar o corpóreo e, pelo outro, corporificar o espiritual. Resultado desse jogo recíproco é a possibilidade de vislumbrarse o infinito a partir do senso do ilimitado, também relacionado à Besonnenheit (clareza de autoconsciência) e à sua contrapartida, o instinto.
A dimensão da noite em Novalis e Trakl
Authors: Moosburger Laura
Published: September 2018

Mediante uma leitura comparativa do primeiro dos Hinos à Noite de Novalis e dos poemas “Ocaso”, “Cântico da Noite XII” e “A melancolia” de Trakl, buscamos destacar os diferentes tratamentos da noite elaborados por esses autores. Nossa percepção fundamental é a de que, enquanto para Novalis a noite compõe uma dimensão espiritual que favorece ao homem uma união mística com o universo e revela a morte como passagem a uma vida superior, em Trakl ouvimos o lamento pela perda dessa dimensão, que será suplantada por uma negatividade ora vazia da morte como fim, ora maligna, como uma espécie de triunfo do mal.
Configurações da melancolia em Eichendorff
Authors: Martiniuk Nathaschka
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o poema "Sehnsucht", do escritor romântico Joseph von Eichendorff, à luz da tradição dos estudos da melancolia, que perpassa de Hipócrates ao estudo feito por Klibansky, Panofsky e Saxl, na obra "Saturno e Melancolia". Baseando-se, sobretudo, nas imagens de contemplação e perda, é possível notar como o autor dialoga com essa longa tradição.
Fernando Pessoa e o gênio romântico
Authors: Souza Cláudia
Published: September 2018

Pretendemos mostrar neste artigo a proximidade entre a literatura pessoana e a primeira filosofia romântica alemã, dando especial ênfase à questão do gênio romântico, tema presente nos fragmentos deixados por F. Schlegel e Novalis e trabalhado no livro, "O gênio romântico", de Márcio Suzuki. Fernando Pessoa se interessou pelo primeiro romantismo alemão, os vestígios encontrados em sua biblioteca particular e em documentos do seu espólio comprovam esse interesse.
Sade ou a institucionalização do desvio
Authors: Binoche Bertrand
Published: September 2018

—
Rousseau integral, em duas versões
Authors: Borges Júnior Ciro Lourenço , Vargas Thiago
Published: September 2018

Œuvres complètes de Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Édition thématique du Tricentenaire. Dirigida por Raymond Trousson e Frédéric S. Eigeldinger. Paris: Slatkine/ Honoré Champion. 24 volumes. Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Œuvres complètes. Édition du tricentenaire dirigida por Jacques Berchtold, François Jacob e Yannick Séité. Paris: Garnier Classiques. 20 volumes.
Correspondência entre Descartes e a princesa Elisabete. Cartas sobre a união substancial
Authors: Jesus Paula Bettani M. de
Published: September 2018

—
Is Baseline Orthostatic Hypotension Associated With a Decline in Global Cognitive Performance at 4‐Year Follow‐Up? Data From TILDA (The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing)
Authors: McNicholas Triona , Tobin Katy , Carey Daniel , O'Callaghan Susan , Kenny Rose Anne
Published: September 2018

Background

It is postulated that orthostatic hypotension (
OH
), a reduction in blood pressure (≥20/10 mm Hg) within 3 minutes of standing, may increase cognitive decline because of cerebral hypoperfusion. This study assesses the impact of
OH
on global cognition at 4‐year follow‐up, and the impact of age and hypertension on this association.

Methods and Results

Data from waves 1 and 3 of TILDA (The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing) were used. Baseline blood pressure response to active stand was assessed using beat‐to‐beat blood pressure monitoring. Two measures of
OH
were used—at 40 seconds (
OH
40) and 110 seconds (
OH
110). Global cognition was measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Mixed‐effects Poisson regression assessed whether baseline
OH
was associated with a decline in global cognition at 4‐year follow‐up. The analysis was repeated, stratifying by age (age 50–64 years and age ≥65 years), and including an interaction between
OH
and hypertension. Baseline
OH
110 was associated with an increased error rate in Montreal Cognitive Assessment at follow‐up (incident rate ratio 1.17,
P
=0.028). On stratification by age, the association persists in ages 50 to 64 years (incident rate ratio 1.25,
P
=0.048), but not ages ≥65 years. Including an interaction with hypertension found those with co‐existent
OH
110 and hypertension (incident rate ratio 1.27,
P
=0.011), or
OH
40 and hypertension (incident rate ratio 1.18,
P
=0.017), showed an increased error rate; however, those with isolated
OH
110,
OH
40, or isolated hypertension did not.

Conclusions

OH
is associated with a decline in global cognition at 4‐year follow‐up, and this association is dependent on age and co‐existent hypertension.
Limitations of Specific Coagulation Tests for Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Ebner Matthias , Birschmann Ingvild , Peter Andreas , Härtig Florian , Spencer Charlotte , Kuhn Joachim , Rupp André , Blumenstock Gunnar , Zuern Christine S. , Ziemann Ulf , Poli Sven
Published: September 2018

Background

During treatment with direct oral anticoagulants (
DOAC
), coagulation assessment is required before thrombolysis, surgery, and if anticoagulation reversal is evaluated. Limited data support the accuracy of
DOAC
‐specific coagulation assays around the current safe‐for‐treatment threshold of 30 ng/
mL
.

Methods and Results

In 481 samples obtained from 96 patients enrolled at a single center,
DOAC
concentrations were measured using Hemoclot direct thrombin inhibitor assay, Biophen direct thrombin inhibitor assay or ecarin clotting time for dabigatran, chromogenic anti‐Xa assay (
AXA
) for factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban, apixaban) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry as reference. All dabigatran‐specific assays had high sensitivity to concentrations >30 ng/
mL
, but specificity was lower for Hemoclot direct thrombin inhibitor assay (78.2%) than for Biophen direct thrombin inhibitor assay (98.9%) and ecarin clotting time (94.6%).
AXA
provided high sensitivity and specificity for rivaroxaban, but low sensitivity for apixaban (73.8%; concentrations up to 82 ng/
mL
were misclassified as <30 ng/
mL
). If no
DOAC
‐specific calibration for
AXA
is available, results 2‐fold above the upper limit of normal indicate relevant rivaroxaban concentrations. For apixaban, all elevated results should raise suspicion of relevant anticoagulation.

Conclusions

DOAC
‐specific tests differ considerably in diagnostic performance for concentrations close to the currently accepted safe‐for‐treatment threshold. Compared with Biophen direct thrombin inhibitor assay and ecarin clotting time, limited specificity of Hemoclot direct thrombin inhibitor assay poses a high risk of unnecessary anticoagulation reversal or treatment delays in patients on dabigatran. While
AXA
accurately detected rivaroxaban, the impact of low apixaban levels on the assay was weak. Hence,
AXA
results need to be interpreted with extreme caution when used to assess hemostatic function in patients on apixaban.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers:
NCT
02371044,
NCT
02371070.
Fifteen‐Year Trends in Management and Outcomes of Non–ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Among Black and White Patients: The ARIC Community Surveillance Study, 2000–2014
Authors: Arora Sameer , Stouffer George A. , Kucharska‐Newton Anna , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Qamar Arman , Matsushita Kunihiro , Kolte Dhaval , Reynolds Harmony R. , Bangalore Sripal , Rosamond Wayne D. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Caughey Melissa C.
Published: September 2018

Background

Standardization of evidence‐based medical therapies has improved outcomes for patients with non–
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (
NSTEMI
). Although racial differences in
NSTEMI
management have previously been reported, it is uncertain whether these differences have been ameliorated over time.

Methods and Results

The ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Community Surveillance study conducts hospital surveillance of acute myocardial infarction in 4
US
communities.
NSTEMI
was classified by physician review, using a validated algorithm. From 2000 to 2014, 17 755 weighted hospitalizations for
NSTEMI
(patient race: 36% black, 64% white) were sampled by
ARIC
. Black patients were younger (aged 60 versus 66 years), more often female (45% versus 38%), and less likely to have medical insurance (88% versus 93%) but had more comorbidities. Black patients were less often administered aspirin (85% versus 92%), other antiplatelet therapy (45% versus 60%), β‐blockers (85% versus 88%), and lipid‐lowering medications (68% versus 76%). After adjustments, black patients had a 24% lower probability of receiving nonaspirin antiplatelets (relative risk: 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–0.81), a 29% lower probability of angiography (relative risk: 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.67–0.76), and a 45% lower probability of revascularization (relative risk: 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.50–0.60). No suggestion of a changing trend over time was observed for any
NSTEMI
therapy (
P
values for interaction, all >0.20).

Conclusions

This longitudinal community surveillance of hospitalized
NSTEMI
patients suggests black patients have more comorbidities and less likelihood of receiving guideline‐based
NSTEMI
therapies, and these findings persisted across the 15‐year period. Focused efforts to reduce comorbidity burden and to more consistently implement guideline‐directed treatments in this high‐risk population are warranted.
Conspecifics of the Striped Lava Lizard are able to distinguish sex and male colour morphs in apparently homogeneous dull dorsal colouration
Authors: Bruinjé Andre C. , Moura Mauricio O. , Maggi Bruno S. , São-Pedro Vinicius A. , Pessoa Daniel M.A. , Costa Gabriel C.
Published: September 2018

Animal colouration plays a key role in inter and intraspecific interactions, pre-eminently in mate signalling. When multiple types of colouration occur within sexes it is possible that they show alternative reproductive strategies. In lizards, most colouration studies do not incorporate how colour is perceived by conspecifics. Here, we used unbiased colour analysis methods (spectrophotometry and visual modelling) to test for sexual dimorphism and within male dichromatism in the Striped Lava Lizard. We found that males express two distinct colourations that are different from females in several dorsal and ventral body regions. Our results showed UV reflection at the throat, an important body region for signalling. Ventral patches, the coloured badge seen in adult males of Tropidurus spp., have two distinct colour classes within males (Y and B males). Morphs are best discriminated by blue and yellow chroma, and brightness. Body size had little influence on colouration, suggesting that colour may be linked to inheritance rather than growth. Our study clearly shows sexual dichromatism and the existence of colour morphs in this species. Moreover, morph differences in colouration are perceptible by conspecifics. These differences are not only between ventral patches, but also in other body parts such as the dorsum, previously considered as cryptic by human observers. We suggest that colouration at the ventral patches and throat might play a role in intraspecific interactions. Patches increase colour intensity during breeding season and are likely to be costly by pigment-based expression, whereas throat’s UV reflection might have a cost infringed by conspicuousness.
Description of three new species of Bopyrissa Nierstrasz & Brender à Brandis, 1931 (Epicaridea: Bopyridae) from Oceania with a key to species in the genus
Authors: AN JIANMEI , GONG LING , PAULAY GUSTAV
Published: September 2018

Three new species in the parasitic isopod genus Bopyrissa Nierstrasz & Brender à Brandis, 1931, recorded from Kiribati, the Mariana Islands and French Polynesia, are described. These three species, B. distorta sp. nov., B. guamensis sp. nov. and B. oceania sp. nov., are the first species of the genus recorded from Oceania, occurring on three different hermit crab host species of genus Calcinus. The diversity of the genus is therefore increased to ten species. Bopyrissa distorta sp. nov. can be distinguished from congeners by the markedly distorted sinistral body of females and fused pleon of males. Bopyrissa guamensis sp. nov. differs from other dextral species of Bopyrissa in having a strikingly tuberculated edge to the pleomeres of females. Bopyrissa oceania sp. nov. differs from related species in that females possess eyes and that the barbula has smooth falcate projections on each side. A key to the ten species of Bopyrissa is presented, together with a tabular summary of their known geographic and host ranges.
The genus Peckia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in the Brazilian Amazon: a new species, new records, descriptions of female terminalia and key to species
Authors: DE CAMARGO SOFIA LINS LEAL XAVIER , CARVALHO-FILHO FERNANDO DA SILVA , ESPOSITO MARIA CRISTINA
Published: September 2018

Flesh flies of the genus Peckia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 were studied from the Brazilian Amazon region. The male terminalia of all species are illustrated. The female terminalia are described and illustrated for all species for which the female is known. The female terminalia of six species are described for the first time; those of seven species are redescribed and documented through new illustrations. A new species of the subgenus Pattonella Enderlein, 1928, Peckia (Pattonella) juruti sp. nov., is described. It is similar to Peckia (Pattonella) smarti (Lopes, 1941) in the shape of the cercus and distiphallus, but differs in the shape of the gonites, juxta and capitis. Peckia (Peckia) hillifera (Aldrich, 1916) is recorded from Brazil for the first time; Peckia (Euboettcheria) florencioi (Prado & Fonseca, 1932) is newly reported for the Brazilian Amazon. A key to the 21 species of Peckia so far recorded from the Brazilian Amazon is provided, allowing the identification of both sexes where known. The females of only five of these species remain unknown.
Corrigenda to Gil-Santana, H.R. 2018. A new species of Phasmatocoris from French Guiana, with short taxonomic notes on two described species and an updated key (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae). Zootaxa 4413 (3): 491–506
Authors: GIL-SANTANA HÉLCIO R.
Published: September 2018

An intraspecific variation of the male genitalia of Phasmatocoris papei Gil-Santana, 2018 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae: Emesini), i.e., the absence (holotype) / presence (paratype) of the sclerotization of approximately basal two thirds of the ventral wall of phallosoma, reported by Gil-Santana (2018), was found to be incorrect. A subsequent reexamination of the specimens revealed that the misjudgement was based on a breakage of this structure in the phallus of the holotype. In fact, the ventral wall of phallosoma was completely sclerotized at its basal two-thirds in both specimens and should be considered as a species level character of Ph. papei.
The Snail-killing Flies (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) of West Africa
Authors: KNUTSON LLOYD V. , DEEMING JOHN C. , EBEJER MARTIN J.
Published: September 2018

A review of the West African “snail-killing flies” or “marsh flies” (Sciomyzidae) shows that the fauna is not as dominated by the generally aquatic, predaceous genus Sepedon as was previously considered. Twenty species in seven genera, including three new species, Colobaea occidentalis, Pteromicra zariae and Sepedonella castanea are recorded. The Holarctic-Oriental genera Colobaea and Pteromicra are documented from Africa south of the Sahara for the first time. Biogeographical analyses based on the discovery of “Palaearctic” genera of Diptera south of the Sahara, faunal connections, and dispersal routes are presented. A key for identification and illustrations of diagnostic characters for some species are included.
Erratum to: Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis, a new species of fairy wrasse from the Philippines and Indonesia (Teleostei: Labridae)
Authors: TEA YI-KAI , FRABLE BENJAMIN W. , GILL ANTHONY C.
Published: September 2018

Following publication of the original article (Tea et al., 2018), an error was noted in the museum registration number for the holotype of the new species Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis (PNM 15354). This registration number is a duplicate number already in use for the holotype of Cirrhilabrus shutmani (Tea & Gill, 2017). The new registration number for the holotype of Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis is now PNM 15360.
Examining WRF’s Sensitivity to Contemporary Land-Use Datasets across the Contiguous United States Using Dynamical Downscaling
Authors: Mallard Megan S. , Spero Tanya L. , Taylor Stephany M.
Published: September 2018

Land-use (LU) representation plays a critical role in simulating air–surface interactions that affect meteorological conditions and regional climate. In the Noah LSM within the WRF Model, LU categories are used to set the radiative properties of the surface and to influence exchanges of heat, moisture, and momentum between the air and land surface. Previous literature examined the sensitivity of WRF simulations to LU using short-term meteorological modeling approaches. Here, the sensitivity to LU representation is studied using continental-scale dynamical downscaling, which typically uses longer temporal and larger spatial scales. Two LU datasets, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) dataset and the 2006 National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD), are utilized in 3-yr dynamically downscaled WRF simulations over a historical period. Precipitation and 2-m air temperature are evaluated against observation-based datasets for simulations covering the contiguous United States. The WRF-NLCD simulation tends to produce lower precipitation than the WRF-USGS run, with slightly warmer mean monthly temperatures. However, WRF-NLCD results in more notable increases in the frequency of hot days [i.e., days with temperature >90°F (32.2°C)]. These changes are attributable to reductions in forest and agricultural area in the NLCD relative to USGS. There is also subtle but important sensitivity to the method of interpolating LU data to the WRF grid in the model preprocessing. In all cases, the sensitivity resulting from changes in the LU is smaller than model error. Although this sensitivity is small, it persists across spatial and temporal scales.
Does advance care planning in addition to usual care reduce hospitalisation for patients with advanced heart failure: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Kernick Lucy A , Hogg Karen J , Millerick Yvonne , Murtagh Fliss E M , Djahit Ayse , Johnson Miriam
Published: September 2018

Background:

People with advanced heart failure have repeated hospital admissions. Advance care planning can support patient preferences, but studies in people with heart failure have not been assessed.

Aim:

To evaluate the literature regarding advance care planning in heart failure.

Design:

Systematic review and narrative analysis (PROSPERO CRD42017059190).

Data sources:

Electronic databases were searched (1990 to 23 March 2017): MEDLINE(R), Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Scopus. Four journals were hand searched. Two independent researchers screened against eligibility criteria. One reviewer extracted all data and a sample by a second. Quality was assessed by Cochrane Risk of Bias or the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Tool for Cohort Studies.

Results:

Out of the 1713 articles, 8 were included representing 14,357 participants from in/outpatient settings from five countries. Two randomised controlled trials and one observational study assessed planning as part of a specialist palliative care intervention; one randomised controlled trial assessed planning in addition to usual cardiology care; one randomised controlled trial and one observational study assessed planning in an integrated cardiology–palliative care model; one observational study assessed evidence of planning (advance directive) as part of usual care and one observational study was a secondary analysis of trial participants coded Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Advance care planning: (1) reduced hospitalisation (5/7 studies); (2) increased referral/use of palliative services (4/4 studies); and (3) supported deaths in the patient-preferred place (2/2 studies).

Conclusion:

Advance care planning as part of specialist palliative care reduces hospitalisation. Preliminary studies of planning integrated into generic care, accessing specialist palliative care support if needed, are promising.
Anxiety Body Odors as Context for Dynamic Faces: Categorization and Psychophysiological Biases
Authors: Rocha Marta , Parma Valentina , Lundström Johan N. , Soares Sandra C.
Published: September 2018

Body odors (BOs) can convey social information. In particular, their effects are maximal when their presence is paired with meaningful social contexts. Static faces have been widely used as social stimuli. However, they miss a key feature of our phenomenological experience, characterized by multisensory dynamic stimulations. Here, we investigate how BO sampled from individuals experiencing a transitory anxiety state, (a) induce a stress response and (b) bias the recognition of dynamic facial expressions, compared with BO of relaxed individuals. Participants ( n=46) categorized the emotion of a face, morphing from a neutral expression to either an angry or happy expression, during exposure to either BO condition. In addition, their cardiac activity was measured. Exposure to anxiety BO increased the accuracy of dynamic facial recognition and reduced cardiac parasympathetic activity. These results suggest that in social situations that simulate part of the multisensory and dynamic features of real-life social contexts, anxiety BOs will induce a stress response in recipients, modulating both arousal and cognitive-emotional skills but facilitating emotional facial processing.
Perception of Affordances for Stepping Over an Expanse With Crutches
Authors: Wagman Jeffrey B. , Smith Peter J. K.
Published: September 2018

Perception of possibilities for behavior reflects the task-specific fit between action capabilities and environmental properties. We investigated whether this is so for a behavior that requires spontaneously and temporarily coordinating anatomical components and inert objects into a person-plus-object action system—stepping over an expanse with crutches. We found that perception of this affordance (a) scaled to an anthropometric property of primary relevance to performing this behavior (leg length), (b) reflected the ability to perform this behavior, and that (c) variability in perception decreased with practice perceiving this affordance. The results are consistent with the proposal that perceiving affordances for a given behavior requires assembling a task-specific perceptual instrument.
A Heteroscedastic Polarized Logit Model to Investigate the Competition of Bicycle for the Bikeable Trips with the Other Modes
Authors: Nurul Habib Khandker
Published: September 2018

The paper proposes a new discrete choice model, named the Heteroscedastic Polarized Logit (HPL) to investigate choice contexts with one or more alternatives with remarkably low market shares. The proposed model is used to investigate the factors influencing the choice of a bicycle as a travel mode in the National Capital Region (NCR) of Canada. Data from the latest household travel survey of the NCR are used to investigate the mode choices of bikeable trips. Bikeable trips are defined as trips with lengths shorter than 16 km as this is the observed maximum limit of a bicycle trip in the dataset. A large dataset with over 40,000 trip records is used for empirical investigation where the bicycle has the lowest mode share of 3%. The HPL model clearly shows its appropriateness and superiority over comparable models in such a context. The choice to walk is found to be more sensitive to trip length than the choice to cycle, yet walking is found to have three times larger market share than that of cycling. Similarly, motorized modes are found to have low sensitivity to travel time and other impedances and have larger market shares. Women and students are found not to prefer the bicycle as a travel mode. Cycling infrastructure is seen to be effective in increasing the choice of the bicycle as a travel mode, but it also becomes clear that additional soft policy initiatives would be necessary to increase the popularity of cycling among young people, students, and women.
Evaluating Potential Demand and Operational Effects of Coordinated Americans with Disabilities Act Paratransit and Taxi Service
Authors: Turmo Vincent , Rahimi Mahour , Gonzales Eric J. , Armstrong Price
Published: September 2018

This paper presents an evaluation of the potential implications of using taxis along with conventional paratransit to serve customers eligible for demand responsive service through the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Subsidizing a taxi service to carry some paratransit demand could potentially reduce the total cost of the service if diverted trips are inexpensive to serve by taxi and the remaining paratransit operations remain efficient. This study makes use of ADA paratransit operations and demand data from the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority (PVTA) in the greater Springfield, Massachusetts, region to develop an algorithm for optimally allocating paratransit demand to conventional paratransit services and taxis. First, a model is presented to optimize the spatial extent of the ADA paratransit service area, assuming that all trips outside the service region can be incentivized to use taxis. A more detailed investigation makes use of survey data from PVTA to estimate which trips could potentially be diverted to taxis or transportation network companies (TNCs) based on the type of disability that a customer has. The result is a model that shows which trips could be incentivized to switch to taxi and the magnitude of total operating cost savings that may be achieved from such a program.
Integrating Engine Start, Soak, Evaporative, and Truck Hoteling Emissions into MOVES-Matrix
Authors: Xu Xiaodan , Liu Haobing , Li Hanyan “Ann” , Rodgers Michael O. , Guensler Randall
Published: September 2018

The MOVES (MOtor Vehicle Emissions Simulator) model was developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to estimate emissions from mobile sources and is required to be used for regional air quality planning and conformity analysis in all states except California. However, the MOVES interface is complicated, and assessing emissions from dynamic large-scale transportation networks can be difficult. To aid in these analyses, the MOVES-Matrix modeling tool was developed as an alternative to the direct application of the MOVES model. MOVES-Matrix employs a massive multidimensional array of MOVES outputs created by running MOVES with every allowable combination of input variables. Once this output array has been generated, subsequent energy and emissions analyses can be conducted quickly and dynamically. Until recently, MOVES-Matrix has only been used to analyze running exhaust. In this study, MOVES-Matrix has been used expanded to include emissions from engine starts, truck hoteling, evaporative sources, and brake/tire wear as well as running exhaust. A case study is conducted for the metropolitan Atlanta, GA to verify the feasibility of using this expanded version of MOVES-Matrix and to ensure that the approach obtains the exact same results as applying MOVES directly. The travel activity inputs come from regional travel data generated by the Atlanta Regional Commission’s Travel Demand Model. The emission results from MOVES-Matrix were compared with MOVES output to verify the equivalence of this approach.
Real-Time Prediction of Vehicle Trajectories for Proactively Identifying Risky Driving Behaviors at High-Speed Intersections
Authors: Tan Chaopeng , Zhou Nan , Wang Fen , Tang Keshuang , Ji Yangbeibei
Published: September 2018

At high-speed intersections in many Chinese cities, a traffic-light warning sequence at the end of the green phase—three seconds of flashing green followed by three seconds of yellow—is commonly implemented. Such a long phase transition time leads to heterogeneous decision-making by approaching drivers as to whether to pass the signal or stop. Therefore, risky driving behaviors such as red-light running, abrupt stop, and aggressive pass are more likely to occur at these intersections. Proactive identification of risky behaviors can facilitate mitigation of the dilemma zone and development of on-board safety altering strategies. In this study, a real-time vehicle trajectory prediction method is proposed to help identify risky behaviors during the signal phase transition. Two cases are considered and treated differently in the proposed method: a single vehicle case and a following vehicle case. The adaptive Kalman filter (KF) model and the K-nearest neighbor model are integrated to predict vehicle trajectories. The adaptive KF model and intelligent driver model are fused to predict the following vehicles’ trajectories. The proposed models are calibrated and validated using 1,281 vehicle trajectories collected at three high-speed intersections in Shanghai. Results indicate that the root mean square error between the predicted trajectories and the actual trajectories is 5.02 m for single vehicles and 2.33 m for following vehicles. The proposed method is further applied to predict risky behaviors, including red-light running, abrupt stop, aggressive pass, speeding pass, and aggressive following. The overall prediction accuracy is 95.1% for the single vehicle case and 96.2% for the following vehicle case.
Simulation of non-isothermal resin transfer molding process cycle and optimization of temperature system
Authors: Yang Wenkai , Lu Shihong , Xiang Lintong , Liu Wenhao
Published: September 2018

The filling and curing stage of resin transfer molding is non-isothermal. The temperature plays an important role in both filling and curing stage and these two stages are strongly interrelated. The unreasonable temperature system will lead to excessive temperature difference and seriously affect the quality of the product. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the non-isothermal filling and curing stage to find the best temperature system. In this paper, the FLUENT software has been secondarily developed to perform a full three-dimensional simulation of the non-isothermal resin transfer molding process cycle. The results have been compared with the known data to verify the accuracy of the simulation. The influence of temperature on the process cycle has been analyzed and the optimization of temperature system can reduce process cycle time and increase the uniformity of temperature distribution.
Percutaneous Cannulation for Extracorporeal Life Support in Severely and Morbidly Obese Patients
Authors: Keyser Andreas , Philipp Alois , Zeman Florian , Lubnow Matthias , Lunz Dirk , Zimmermann Markus , Schmid Christof
Published: September 2018

Background:

Extracorporeal life support systems are well-established devices for treating patients with acute cardiopulmonary failure. Severe or morbid obesity may result in complications such as limb ischemia, bleeding, unsuccessful cannulation, or infection at the cannulation sites. This article reports on our experience with cannulation and associated complications in severely and morbidly obese patients.

Methods:

Between January 2006 and September 2016, 153 severely or morbidly obese patients with a body mass index >35 kg/m2 were cannulated percutaneously for extracorporeal life support at our center. Among those, 115 patients were treated with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) for acute lung failure and 38 patients with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) for cardiogenic shock. Complications related to percutaneous access and long-term follow-up were analyzed retrospectively. Primary focus was on the success of cannulation, outcome, thrombosis, bleeding, limb ischemia, and infection at the cannulation site. Normal-weight patients receiving extracorporeal life support served as control.

Results:

Percutaneous cannulation was successfully performed in all patients. Eighty-five (74%) patients were weaned from VV ECMO and 20 (52%) patients were weaned from VA ECMO. Limb ischemia requiring surgical intervention occurred in 5 (3%) patients, bleeding in 7 (5%) patients, and wound infection in 3 (2%) patients. In all other patients, decannulation was uneventful. These data as well as the long-term survival rates were comparable to those of normal-weight patients ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

Percutaneous vessel cannulation for extracorporeal life support systems is generally feasible. Therefore, percutaneous cannulation may well be performed in severely and morbidly obese patients. Patient outcome rather depends on appropriate support than on anatomy.
Optimal designs for testing hypothesis in multiarm clinical trials
Authors: Baldi Antognini Alessandro , Novelli Marco , Zagoraiou Maroussa
Published: September 2018

The present paper deals with the problem of designing randomized multiarm clinical trials for treatment comparisons in order to achieve a suitable trade-off among inferential precision and ethical concerns. Although the large majority of the literature is focused on the estimation of the treatment effects, in particular for the case of two treatments with binary outcomes, the present paper takes into account the inferential goal of maximizing the power of statistical tests to detect correct conclusions about the treatment effects for normally response trials. After discussing the allocation optimizing the power of the classical multivariate test of homogeneity, we suggest a multipurpose design methodology, based on constrained optimization, which maximizes the power of the test under a suitable ethical constraint reflecting the effectiveness of the treatments. The ensuing optimal allocation depends in general on the unknown model parameters but, contrary to the unconstrained optimal solution or to some targets proposed in the literature, it is a non-degenerate continuous function of the treatment contrasts, and therefore it can be approached by standard response-adaptive randomization procedures. The properties of this constrained optimal allocation are described both theoretically and through suitable examples, showing good performances both in terms of ethical gain and statistical efficiency, taking into account estimation precision as well.
The Italian Navy and Japan, the Indian Ocean, Failed Cooperation, and Tripartite Relations (1935–1943)
Authors: De Ninno Fabio
Published: September 2018

Studies of the relations between the Tripartite powers have primarily been concentrated on the relations of Nazi Germany with Imperial Japan and Fascist Italy. This article, based on original documents from the Italian archives, offers an original insight on the Italian perspective about the naval relations between Italy and Japan before and during the early years of the Second World War. It analyses the strategic motivation that led Fascist Italy to seek naval cooperation with Japan and how their relationship evolved during the period between the Ethiopian War (1935–6) to the end of the Axis campaign in North Africa in 1943.
Exposing Practical, Psychological, and Pedagogical Shadow Sides of Experiential Learning
Authors: Wright April , Hibbert Paul , Strong Ross , Edwards Marissa
Published: September 2018

This article is based first-person experience with experiential learning (EL) practices in an undergraduate introductory management course. We consider how a challenging EL activity, based on volunteering during recovery from a catastrophic flood event, exposed three shadow sides of EL. These shadow sides of EL, which often remain hidden to educators, are practical, psychological, and pedagogical. We provide a characterization of each of these shadow sides and outline strategies for managing them. We also discuss the general applicability of our insights, including tentative theoretical extensions to Kolb’s EL theory. We conclude by considering the potential for the shadow sides of EL to emerge in circumstances that are less confronting and extreme than those encountered by our students.
Enhancement of energy harvesting capability using PVDF/GFRP-laminated films
Authors: Wu Guihua , Li Alamusi , Wu Liangke , Hu Ning , Yao Jianyao , Zhang Jianyu , Yuan Weifeng , Ning Huiming , Liu Yaolu , Atobe Satoshi , Fukunaga Hisao
Published: September 2018

PVDF (poly(vinylidene fluoride)) is a promising piezoelectric polymer which can be applied in sensor or energy harvesting fields. To improve the energy harvesting capability of the PVDF film, we proposed a laminated piezoelectric element consisting of two PVDF films sandwiching a GFRP (glass fiber-reinforced plastic) laminate, named as PVDF/GF/PVDF. Its energy harvesting capability and open circuit voltage were experimentally investigated. Compared with PVDF monolayer and bilayer piezoelectric elements, this newly designed PVDF/GF/PVDF possesses remarkably increased energy harvesting capabilities in both AC and DC circuits. The mechanisms for this phenomenon were explored experimentally, theoretically and numerically in detail. Compared with the PVDF monolayer element, the increases of harvested power in the PVDF bilayer element and the PVDF/GF/PVDF are mainly due to their larger PVDF net volume. Compared with the PVDF bilayer element, the reason for the increase of the energy harvesting capability in the PVDF/GF/PVDF is its higher piezoelectric stress constant caused by the insertion of stiffer GFRP laminate.
Suicides, poisons and the materially possible: The positive ambivalence of means restriction and critical–critical global health
Authors: Widger Tom
Published: September 2018

Developing an object-oriented perspective on suicide, in this article the author challenges critical global health scholarship and sociological theories of ambivalence by showing how a focus on ‘materially possible’ suicide prevention can offer culturally relevant solutions to a suicide epidemic in a resource-poor setting. Taking the example of pesticide regulation in Sri Lanka, he demonstrates why, in theoretical terms, banning toxic pesticides has coherence in a local poison complex that renders suicide available to people as a cultural practice. While writers in the field of critical global health have been suspicious of ‘magic-bullet’ interventions such as means restriction because such policies reportedly overlook the social complexity of problems such as suicide, the author argues that what is materially possible is often of merit because it renders graspable an otherwise deeply contingent and variegated problem. He further argues that critical global health can view the ambivalent costs and benefits of materially possible, magic-bullet interventions as a positive rather than negative offshoot of global health.
Men’s Perspectives of a Gender-Sensitized Health Promotion Program Targeting Healthy Eating, Active Living, and Social Connectedness
Authors: Sharp Paul , Bottorff Joan L. , Hunt Kate , Oliffe John L. , Johnson Steven T. , Dudley Lauren , Caperchione Cristina M.
Published: September 2018

Men in high income countries have poorer dietary habits and higher rates of overweight and obesity than women. A major challenge with engaging men in health promotion is the perception that attention to one’s health runs counter to masculine identities. Contemporary health promotion programs are believed to hold little “manly” appeal and often fail to engage and retain men. The HAT TRICK program was designed to engage men with their health by delivering an intervention in collaboration with a semi-professional ice hockey team. The program included 12 weekly sessions promoting healthy eating, active living, and social connectedness among men. Gender-sensitized elements were reflected in the program design, setting, content, and delivery. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 23 men to explore perspectives of their participation in the gender-sensitized intervention. Participants were white (100%) with a mean age of 53 years ( SD ± 9.9), Body Mass Index (BMI) of 37 kg/m2 ( SD ± 6.8), and waist circumference of 127 centimeters ( SD ± 14.5). Inductive thematic analysis revealed three overarching themes, including: (a) Harnessing nostalgia for past masculinities: “Closet athletes from 30 years ago,” (2) Offsetting resistance to change with sensible health advice: “Don’t give up drinking beer, just have less,” and (3) Gendered social spaces for doing health: “A night out with the guys,” The findings support the value of gender-sensitized approaches to men’s health promotion. Further research is needed to identify which gender-sensitized elements are critical to engaging men in healthy lifestyle changes.
Rail pressure control strategy based on pumping characteristics for the common rail fuel system
Authors: Yue Guangzhao , Qiu Tao , Dai Hefei , Lei Yan , Zhao Ning
Published: September 2018

The control of rail pressure is quite important in the common rail fuel system. Generally, the rail pressure control strategy is a combination of feedforward control and proportional–integral–derivative feedback control. A lumped parameter model of the common rail fuel system is built. Theoretically, the three main factors that affect the rail pressure are engine speed, rail pressure, and fuel injection. With these factors as the control parameters, the feedforward control logic is established. Then, with the basic fuel amount as the proportional–integral–derivative control parameter, the feedback control strategy is improved. The feedforward control is used to determine the basic fuel amount; the proportional–integral–derivative feedback control is used to fine-tune the basic fuel amount based on the deviation of target rail pressure and real rail pressure. Compared with only proportional–integral–derivative feedback control, the computation load of feedback control is reduced and the response speed is increased. In addition, experiments based on a common rail fuel system test rig are completed. The results show that the fuel efficiency of common rail fuel pump decreases with pump speed, and rail pressure increases. The steady-state rail pressure fluctuations are effectively reduced and the dynamic control precision of the common rail fuel system increases when the optimized control method is adopted.
Cost‐utility analysis of colonoscopy or faecal immunochemical test for population‐based organised colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Areia Miguel , Fuccio Lorenzo , Hassan Cesare , Dekker Evelien , Dias-Pereira António , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário
Published: September 2018

Background

Organised programmes for colorectal cancer screening demand a high burden of medical and economic resources. The preferred methods are the faecal immunochemical test and primary colonoscopy.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to perform an economic analysis and comparison between these tests in Europe.

Methods

We used a Markov cost‐utility analysis from a societal perspective comparing biennial faecal immunochemical test or colonoscopy every 10 years screening versus non‐screening in Portugal. The population was screened, aged from 50–74 years, and efficacy was evaluated in quality‐adjusted life years. For the base‐case scenario, the faecal immunochemical test cost was €3 with 50% acceptance and colonoscopy cost was €397 with 38% acceptance. The threshold was set at €39,760/quality‐adjusted life years and the primary outcome was the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio.

Results

Screening by biennial faecal immunochemical test and primary colonoscopy every 10 years resulted in incremental utilities of 0.00151 quality‐adjusted life years and 0.00185 quality‐adjusted life years at additional costs of €4 and €191, respectively. The faecal immunochemical test was the most cost‐effective option providing an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of €2694/quality‐adjusted life years versus €103,633/quality‐adjusted life years for colonoscopy. Colonoscopy capacity would have to increase 1.3% for a faecal immunochemical test programme or 31% for colonoscopy.

Conclusion

Biennial faecal immunochemical test screening is better than colonoscopy as it is cost‐effective, allows more individuals to get screened, and provides a more rational use of the endoscopic capacity available.