bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2-Azido-N-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide
Authors: Missioui Mohcine , Guerrab Walid , Alsubari Abdulsalam , Mague Joel T. , Ramli Youssef
Published: July 2022

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C9H10N4O, comprises three independent molecules, two pairs of which differ significantly in the rotational orientation of the azido group and one pair having very similar conformations; the N—N—C—C torsion angles are −173.9 (2), −102.7 (2) and −173.6 (2)°. In the crystal, each independent molecule forms N—H...O hydrogen bonds with its glide-plane-related counterparts, forming zigzag chains extending along the c-axis direction.
Seven principles to ensure future-ready accounting graduates – a model for future research and practice
Authors: De Villiers Rouxelle
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The business environment is changing and education at university business schools does not appear to keep pace. This paper aims to identify principles to guide educators in preparing accounting students for automation and artificial intelligence and sets an agenda for future research.

Design/methodology/approach

The seven principles are derived from an extensive literature review and the analysis of qualitative data from focus groups, thought leader discussions, interviews and workshops.

Findings

The derived seven Cs model includes: critical, conceptual thinking and the spirit of enquiry; complicate, grapple and fail; create, innovate and experience; concise communication; collaboration; consciousness, respectfulness and ethical fibre; and curiosity, lifelong learning and specialized generalists. An inclusive list of future research topics related to the seven Cs model is provided to aid researchers’ agendas.

Research limitations/implications

Although every attempt was made to base this study purely on expert opinions, as reflected in journal articles, conference papers, interviews and focus groups, it is impossible to prevent author biases from slipping into the interpretation and reflection involved in creating the model. Readers will also find some overlap in terms of the accounting business competencies development model’s seven Cs, due to the inter-related nature of the concepts and because the various definitions of concepts have some habits of the mind and social competencies in common.

Practical implications

The seven principles will help business schools and higher education policymakers guide future education developments with a focus on new competencies and reframed skills, as opposed to new knowledge. The model ensures that scholars and graduates have insight into the essential knowledge, attributes and skills that apply to the diverse nature of accounting vocations and can adapt to unanticipated changes.

Social implications

This new model can be used by business schools to ensure that graduates can fully contribute to a society impacted by automation and artificial intelligence by entering the workplace with the requisite skills. It also responds to critics’ fears about the role of business schools in preparing graduates for the future of work.

Originality/value

The paper contributes in two ways. First, rather than focussing on particular issues or the shortcomings of current education, it identifies broad-based principles from a literature review, interviews, focus groups and workshops. Second, it sets an agenda for future research.
Long‐term experimental drought alters floral scent and pollinator visits in a Mediterranean plant community despite overall limited impacts on plant phenotype and reproduction
Authors: Jaworski Coline C. , Geslin Benoît , Zakardjian Marie , Lecareux Caroline , Caillault Pauline , Nève Gabriel , Meunier Jean‐Yves , Dupouyet Sylvie , Sweeney Aoife C. T. , Lewis Owen T. , Dicks Lynn V. , Fernandez Catherine
Published: July 2022

Pollinators are declining globally, with climate change implicated as an important driver. Climate change can induce phenological shifts and reduce floral resources for pollinators, but little is known about its effects on floral attractiveness and how this might cascade to affect pollinators, pollination functions and plant fitness.

We used an in situ long‐term drought experiment to investigate multiple impacts of reduced precipitation in a natural Mediterranean shrubland, a habitat where climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and intensity of droughts. Focusing on three insect‐pollinated plant species that provide abundant rewards and support a diversity of pollinators (Cistus albidus, Salvia rosmarinus and Thymus vulgaris), we investigated the effects of drought on a suite of floral traits including nectar production and floral scent. We also measured the impact of reduced rainfall on pollinator visits, fruit set and germination in S. rosmarinus and C. albidus.

Drought altered floral emissions of all three plant species qualitatively, and reduced nectar production in T. vulgaris only. Apis mellifera and Bombus gr. terrestris visited more flowers in control plots than drought plots, while small wild bees visited more flowers in drought plots than control plots. Pollinator species richness did not differ significantly between treatments. Fruit set and seed set in S. rosmarinus and C. albidus did not differ significantly between control and drought plots, but seeds from drought plots had slower germination for S. rosmarinus and marginally lower germination success in C. albidus.

Synthesis. Overall, we found limited but consistent impacts of a moderate experimental drought on floral phenotype, plant reproduction and pollinator visits. Increased aridity under climate change is predicted to be stronger than the level assessed in the present study. Drought impacts will likely be stronger and this could profoundly affect the structure and functioning of plant–pollinator networks in Mediterranean ecosystems.
Sensorial, cultural and volatile properties of milk, dairy powders, yoghurt and butter: A review
Authors: Cheng Zeng , O'Sullivan Maurice G , Miao Song , Kerry Joseph P , Kilcawley Kieran N
Published: July 2022

Countries with an established dairy tradition consume milk, milk powder, yoghurt and butter directly or as an ingredient; however, in countries without this tradition the lack of familiarity and unknown expectations can be challenging to overcome. Therefore, having a better understanding of the volatile properties that influence their sensory appeal can aid overcoming these challenges. This review focusses on traditional and novel sensory methods used to research milk, milk powders, yoghurt and butter as well as the extraction techniques used in gas chromatography mass spectrometry and gas chromatography olfactometry to identify volatiles in these products that influence sensory perception.
Therapeutic management and outcomes in inflammatory bowel diseases, 2010 to 2017 in cohorts from Denmark, Sweden and Norway
Authors: Zhao Mirabella , Lirhus Sandre , Lördal Mikael , Langholz Ebbe , Knudsen Torben , Voutilainen Markku , Høivik Marte Lie , Moum Bjorn , Anisdahl Karoline , Sæbø Borghild , Haiko Paula , Malmgren Carolina , Coskun Mehmet , Melberg Hans Olav , Burisch Johan
Published: July 2022

Background

Despite the increasing use of biologics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), real‐world data about outcomes in the era of biologics remain inconclusive.

Aims

To investigate trends in surgeries, hospitalisations and medication use in patients with IBD in a multinational, population‐based cohort

Methods

We included 42,894 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 24,864 with Crohn's disease (CD) who were diagnosed between 2010 and 2017 in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. We extracted data about surgeries, hospitalisations and medications from national registries and compared across countries and diagnosis years.

Results

Between 2010 and 2017, 2‐year surgery rates were 4‐7% in UC and 10‐15% in CD and were stable over time. Two‐year hospitalisation rates increased in Denmark (UC: 20% to 35%; CD: 27% to 32%) but were stable in Norway and Sweden (fluctuating between 33% and 37% in UC, and 46% and 52% in CD). Two‐year rates of biologic use increased in both UC (7% to 16% in Denmark, 8% to 18% in Norway) and CD (22% to 26% in Denmark; 21% to 35% in Norway). Two‐year rates of immunomodulator use increased in Norway (from 14% to 23% in UC; 37% to 45% in CD) and Sweden (from 41% to 52% in CD), but were stable in Denmark (between 17% and 21% in UC; 39% to 46% in CD).

Conclusion

Between 2010 and 2017, surgery rates among Scandinavian patients with IBD remained stable, with no clear changes in hospitalisation rates despite the increasing use of immunomodulators and biologics.
An archaeometric study of the Konya basin metallic ware through FTIR and XRD analysis with chemometrics: Central Anatolian Early Bronze Age ceramics
Authors: Tarhan İsmail , Massa Michele , Tuna Yusuf , Şahin Fatma
Published: July 2022

Fourier‐transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction and chemometrics were used to characterize the mineralogical composition and firing conditions of 59 Early Bronze Age ceramic sherds from the Konya Plain (Turkey). These include the Konya Basin Metallic Ware (KBMW) and a control group of contemporary local products. The analysis indicates significant differences in mineral inclusions and firing temperatures, with KBMW generally being fired above 800°C and characterized by standardized fabric recipes. Assessed together with other published evidence, these results indicate a high degree of specialization in the production of KBMW ceramic assemblages in central Anatolia during the third millennium BCE.
A meta‐analysis on observed paternal and maternal sensitivity
Authors: Deneault Audrey‐Ann , Cabrera Natasha J. , Bureau Jean‐François
Published: July 2022

Two meta‐analyses were conducted (N = 10,980 child–father dyads) with 93 studies published between 1983–2020, primarily in North America and Europe, on observed parental sensitivity to children (3–180 months; 48% girls; 14% non‐White) in partnered mothers and fathers. The first meta‐analysis found higher maternal mean levels of observed sensitivity, with a small effect size (d = −.27). Differences between parents were larger with micro coding and triadic/family assessments. Differences narrowed as a function of publication year and were not significant in European samples. The second meta‐analysis identified a moderate correlation between observed maternal and paternal sensitivity (r = .23 after adjusting for probable publication bias). Correlations were larger in Middle Eastern samples and with composite sensitivity scales.
Monkeypox: key pointers for dermatologists
Authors: Kawsar Anusuya , Hussain Khawar , Roberts Nerys
Published: July 2022

The current monkeypox epidemic is a major public health concern as the global outbreak continues to grow. We present a case report to highlight the salient points for dermatologists. Human monkeypox is a zoonosis caused by monkeypox virus, belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus and is a close relative of the variola virus. Pleomorphic skin lesions appear ranging from macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, some of which may appear umbilicated before crusting over. Dermatologists play a key role in early recognition of new cases, aiding diagnoses leading to prevention of disease spread through identification and isolation, contact tracing and education.
Comparison of reproductive outcomes in subclinical hypothyroidism women with high‐normal versus low‐normal thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels after treatment with levothyroxine
Authors: Zhang Yuchao , Liu Yanli , Li Zhen , Guan Yichun
Published: July 2022

Objective

Reproductive outcomes in euthyroid women with high‐normal thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are comparable to those in euthyroid women with low TSH levels; however, few studies have investigated whether strictly controlled TSH levels after levothyroxine (LT4) treatment impair reproductive outcomes in infertile women with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). This study aimed to investigate the impact of high‐normal versus low‐normal TSH levels on reproductive outcomes in women undergoing their first in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer (IVF‐ET) cycle.

Design

This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into low‐normal (TSH < 2.5 mIU/L, and ≥0.27 mIU/L) and high‐normal (TSH ≥ 2.5 mIU/L, and <4.2 mIU/L) groups based on TSH levels after LT4 treatment. TSH levels after LT4 treatment and before ovarian stimulation were recorded. Reproductive outcomes were compared between the low‐normal and high‐normal TSH groups and between the euthyroid and LT4‐treated groups.

Results

A total of 6002 women, 548 of whom were LT4‐treated women, were finally included in this study. Among the LT4‐treated women, 129 women had low‐normal TSH levels, and 167 women had high‐normal TSH levels. The clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, and live birth rate were comparable between the low‐normal and high‐normal groups (all p > .05). When adjusted by age, anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, infertility duration, transferred embryos, and dose and duration of LT4 treatment, high‐normal TSH levels neither significantly decreased miscarriage (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77–6.69, p = .14) nor increased clinical pregnancy (aOR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.70–1.89, p = .57 or live birth (aOR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.60–1.59, p = .92). Similar obstetric outcomes were observed between the low‐normal and high‐normal TSH groups after LT4 treatment and between the euthyroid and LT4‐treated groups (all p ≥ .05).

Conclusions

High‐normal TSH levels did not have adverse effects on clinical and obstetric outcomes when compared with low‐normal TSH levels after LT4 treatment. However, whether it is appropriate to set 2.5 mIU/L as the goal of treatment before IVF/ICSI remains to be determined in further well‐designed studies.
A Process Model for Dashboard Onboarding
Authors: Dhanoa Vaishali , Walchshofer Conny , Hinterreiter Andreas , Stitz Holger , Groeller Eduard , Streit Marc
Published: July 2022

Dashboards are used ubiquitously to gain and present insights into data by means of interactive visualizations. To bridge the gap between non‐expert dashboard users and potentially complex datasets and/or visualizations, a variety of onboarding strategies are employed, including videos, narration, and interactive tutorials. We propose a process model for dashboard onboarding that formalizes and unifies such diverse onboarding strategies. Our model introduces the onboarding loop alongside the dashboard usage loop. Unpacking the onboarding loop reveals how each onboarding strategy combines selected building blocks of the dashboard with an onboarding narrative. Specific means are applied to this narration sequence for onboarding, which results in onboarding artifacts that are presented to the user via an interface. We concretize these concepts by showing how our process model can be used to describe a selection of real‐world onboarding examples. Finally, we discuss how our model can serve as an actionable blueprint for developing new onboarding systems.
Nested Papercrafts for Anatomical and Biological Edutainment
Authors: Schindler M. , Korpitsch T. , Raidou R. G. , Wu H.‐Y.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we present a new workflow for the computer‐aided generation of physicalizations, addressing Nested configurations in anatomical and biological structures. Physicalizations are an important component of anatomical and biological education and edutainment. However, existing approaches have mainly revolved around creating data sculptures through digital fabrication. Only a few recent works proposed computer‐aided pipelines for generating sculptures, such as papercrafts, with affordable and readily available materials. Papercraft generation remains a Challenging topic by itself. Yet, anatomical and biological applications pose additional Challenges, such as reconstruction complexity and insufficiency to account for multiple, Nested structures—often present in anatomical and biological structures. Our workflow comprises the following steps: (i) define the Nested configuration of the model and detect its levels, (ii) calculate the viewpoint that provides optimal, unobstructed views on inner levels, (iii) perform cuts on the outer levels to reveal the inner ones based on the viewpoint selection, (iv) estimate the stability of the cut papercraft to ensure a reliable outcome, (v) generate textures at each level, as a smart visibility mechanism that provides additional information on the inner structures, and (vi) unfold each textured mesh guaranteeing reconstruction. Our novel approach exploits the interactivity of Nested papercraft models for edutainment purposes.
Association between LAG3/CD4 gene variants and risk of Parkinson's disease
Authors: García‐Martín Elena , Pastor Pau , Gómez‐Tabales Javier , Alonso‐Navarro Hortensia , Alvarez Ignacio , Buongiorno Mariateresa , Cerezo‐Arias Maria de las Olas , Aguilar Miquel , Agúndez José A. G. , Jiménez‐Jiménez Félix Javier
Published: July 2022

Background/Objectives

Several recent studies suggest a possible role of lymphocyte activation 3 (LAG3) protein. LAG3 can behave as an α‐synuclein ligand, and serum and cerebrospinal fluid‐soluble LAG3 levels have been proposed as a marker of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is an association between 3 common single‐nucleotide variations (SNVs) in the LAG3 gene and its closely related CD4 molecule gene and the risk of PD in a Caucasian Spanish population. Two of them have been previously associated with the risk of PD in Chinese females.

Methods

We analysed genotypes and allele frequencies for CD4 rs1922452, CD4 951818 and LAG3 rs870849 SNVs, by using specifically designed TaqMan assays, in a cohort composed of 629 PD patients and 865 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls.

Results

The frequencies of the CD4 rs1922452 A/A genotype, according to the dominant and recessive genetic models, and of the CD4 rs1922452/A allelic variant were significantly lower, and the frequencies of the CD4 rs951818 A/A genotype, according to the dominant genetic model, and of the CD4 rs951818/A allele, were significantly higher in PD patients than in controls. The differences were not significant after stratifying by sex. These two SNVs showed strong linkage. Regression models showed a lack of relation between the 3 SNVs studied and the age at onset of PD.

Conclusions

These data suggest a possible role of CD4 rs1922452 and CD4 rs951818 polymorphisms in the risk of PD.
Climate‐driven divergent long‐term trends of forest beetles in Japan
Authors: Evans Maldwyn J. , Barton Philip , Niwa Shigeru , Soga Masashi , Seibold Sebastian , Tsuchiya Kazuaki , Hisano Masumi
Published: July 2022

Concerning declines in insect populations have been reported from Europe and the United States, yet there are gaps in our knowledge of the drivers of insect trends and their distribution across the world. We report on our analysis of a spatially extensive, 14‐year study of ground‐dwelling beetles in four natural forest biomes spanning Japan's entire latitudinal range (3000 km). Beetle species richness, abundance and biomass declined in evergreen coniferous forests but increased in broadleaf‐coniferous mixed forests. Further, beetles in evergreen coniferous forests responded negatively to increased temperature and precipitation anomalies, which have both risen over the study's timespan. These significant changes parallel reports of climate‐driven changes in forest tree species, providing further evidence that climate change is altering forest ecosystems fundamentally. Given the enormous biodiversity and ecosystem services that forests support globally, the implications for biodiversity change resulting from climate change could be profound.
Surgical treatment of exuberant granulation tissue of the glans penis and paraphimosis in a stallion
Authors: Barbosa Luis Américo Lucas , Silva Victor Alexandre Nascimento , Lima Juliana Gonçalves , Duarte Marcos Dutra , de Oliveira Monteiro Francisco Décio , Bezerra Junior Pedro Soares , Teixeira Pedro Paulo Maia
Published: July 2022

A 15‐year‐old male Quarter Horse stallion was referred with paraphimosis and suspected exuberant granulation tissue (EGT) of the glans penis. Physical examination revealed a painful, voluminous, pink, irregular, cauliflower‐shaped lesion on the penis. Based on the history, anatomical location and clinical presentation EGT was suspected. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis with no evidence of neoplasia. To obtain breeding soundness, surgical excision of the EGT and reconstruction of the glans penis was recommended. Following surgical removal of the granulation tissue, the stallion recovered without complications and returned to breeding with satisfactory performance including normal libido and mating behaviour.
Successful management of an outbreak of Tyzzer's disease on a Thoroughbred breeding farm in central Kentucky; use of sorbitol dehydrogenase to identify sub‐clinical cases
Authors: Kirtland Abbe , Pusterla Nicola , Bozorgmanesh Rana
Published: July 2022

Background

Tyzzer's disease is rare and usually fatal in the foal. Outbreaks are especially rare and have high educational value. Long‐term recovery of multiple survivors and the use of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) as a time‐sensitive screening test during an outbreak have not been reported. The epidemiology of Clostridium piliforme acute necrotising hepatitis is enigmatic because the original source is unknown.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to present highly variable clinicopathologic findings, clinical presentation, progression and challenges, diagnostic and treatment protocols of two confirmed and two presumptive Tyzzer's cases, to determine the utility of plasma SDH measurement in the identification of subclinical or early Tyzzer's disease in the on‐farm population and to identify carrier animals.

Study design

Case series. Prospective cohort study. Case–control study.

Methods

A cut‐off value for SDH was determined based on values observed in the critically ill foals and applied to 39 on‐farm foals (114 samplings). SDH values >20 IU/L prompted prophylactic treatment. Faecal PCR testing was performed on the surviving foals, the dams of all affected foals and the dams of foals with SDH values >20 IU/L. A control group of dams with matched foaling dates was sampled.

Results

The screening test identified one subclinical hepatitis case, in the youngest foal on the farm. No further clinical cases occurred. SDH lacked sensitivity in one confirmed case and specificity in foals >40 days of age. All faecal PCR samples were negative.

Main limitations

Sorbitol dehydrogenase sampling of on‐farm foals may have been biased by economic value or athletic prospect.

Conclusions

Two foals were successfully treated; one is a successful athlete. Refractory hypoglycaemia presented the greatest clinical challenge and required aggressive treatment. The source of infection and carrier status remain unknown. SDH lacks specificity but might be the most sensitive test available during a Tyzzer's disease outbreak.
Effect of emicizumab prophylaxis on bone and joint health markers in people with haemophilia A without factor VIII inhibitors in the HAVEN 3 study
Authors: Kiialainen Anna , Niggli Markus , Kempton Christine L. , Castaman Giancarlo , Chang Tiffany , Paz‐Priel Ido , Adamkewicz Joanne I. , Levy Gallia G.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Emicizumab prophylaxis significantly reduces bleeding events; however, the associated impact on bone/joint health is unknown.

Aim

To explore the effect of emicizumab prophylaxis on bone/joint health in people with haemophilia A (PwHA) without FVIII inhibitors enrolled in HAVEN 3 (NCT02847637).

Methods

Haemophilia joint health scores (HJHS; v2.1) were evaluated at baseline and Weeks 49 and 97 in PwHA receiving emicizumab (n = 134), and at baseline and Weeks 49, 73 and 97 in PwHA who switched to emicizumab after 24 weeks of no prophylaxis (n = 17). Bone and joint biomarkers were measured in 117 PwHA at baseline and at Weeks 13, 25, 49 and 73.

Results

HJHS was lower for PwHA who were previously on FVIII prophylaxis, aged <40 years or had no target joints at baseline compared with PwHA who were receiving no prophylaxis, aged ≥40 years or with target joints. Clinically significant mean (95% confidence interval) improvements from baseline of −2.13 (−3.96, −.29) in HJHS joint‐specific domains were observed at Week 49 in PwHA with at least one target joint at study entry (n = 71); these changes were maintained through Week 97. Improvements in HJHS from baseline were also observed for PwHA aged 12–39 years. Biomarkers of bone resorption/formation, cartilage degradation/synthesis, and inflammation did not change significantly during emicizumab prophylaxis.

Conclusions

Clinically relevant improvements in HJHS were observed in younger PwHA and those with target joints after 48 weeks of emicizumab in HAVEN 3. Biomarkers of bone/joint health did not show significant changes during 72 weeks of emicizumab prophylaxis.
Nesting and post‐fledging predation risk influence diel patterns of songbird fledging
Authors: Jones Todd M. , Chiavacci Scott J. , Benson Thomas J. , Ward Michael P.
Published: July 2022

Among stages of avian ontogeny, the act of nest departure or fledging is an abrupt transition into a new environment and a major leap toward independence for offspring. In altricial birds, the timing (i.e. time of day) of fledging is notable in that many species tend to fledge early in the morning. Past studies have proposed nest predation as a key factor driving birds to fledge earlier in the morning (the ‘survival hypothesis’), whereby offspring avoid peak times of nest predation that occur later in the day. A natural extension of this hypothesis is the predation of offspring post‐fledging, whereby offspring are also timing their fledging with future survival prospects outside of the nest. However, few studies have investigated fledging behaviour in the context of both nesting and post‐fledging predation. To help fill this knowledge gap, we investigated factors driving the timing and duration of fledging across six songbird species in the context of offspring predation: daily nest mortality, post‐fledging mortality and diel patterns of nest predation risk. We found that > 60% of songbirds fledged early in the morning, whereas the peaks in nest predation risk occurred several hours post‐fledging. Furthermore, species under greater risk of nest predation fledged earlier in the day and in closer succession to their siblings. Parameters of post‐fledging mortality were poor predictors of fledging timing, but individuals from broods of species under higher risk of post‐fledging mortality fledged in closer succession to their siblings. These results provide evidence in support of the survival hypothesis, and suggest that songbirds fledge in the morning to avoid peak times of nest predation risk that occur later in the day (~ 8 h after civil dawn). Such results corroborate past research highlighting predation on dependent offspring as a key factor driving variation in life histories across animal taxa; however, estimates of post‐fledging mortality suggest that nest predation alone does not fully explain variation in fledging behaviour among species. Future research is therefore needed to investigate the contribution of other factors, such as energetics, parent–offspring conflict and diel patterns of post‐fledging survival, which may help to mediate diel patterns of fledging within and among songbird species.
Clinical decision making of post‐treatment disease
Authors: Kvist Thomas , Hofmann Bjørn
Published: July 2022

Root‐filled teeth presenting with signs of post‐treatment disease is a common finding in virtually every dental practice. There is both empirical and experimental evidence that, as long as the condition is asymptomatic, it is often left untreated. Professional judgements and decision making in endodontics as in any medical discipline are based on qualified estimations of the probability and the value of relevant outcomes. In this paper we describe various aspects of clinical decision making in general, from a descriptive as well as a normative point of view, but with a particular focus on the condition of the root‐filled tooth with post‐treatment disease. We review how attention to various types of uncertainties are relevant for the decision‐making process. Additionally, we discuss the nature of value judgements and different concepts of health and disease which are important for understanding the complexity of the clinical decision‐making process. We also refer to a set of principal rules that can guide the clinician's decision making in every‐day practice in front of a case with endodontic post‐treatment disease. Finally, we provide some aspects on the sometime cumbersome decision whether to go for a non‐surgical or surgical method, whenever a decision on retreatment has been made.
Market reactions to the appointment of audit committee directors with financial and industry expertise in Germany
Authors: Kieback Sascha , Thomsen Martin , Watrin Christoph
Published: July 2022

Several calls from practitioners and the relevant literature suggest that audit committee directors with industry expertise complement the knowledge of financial experts. Thus, this study examines market reactions to the voluntary appointment of new audit committee directors with financial and industry expertise in Germany. Using hand‐collected German data on newly appointed audit committee director announcements, we find a significantly positive market reaction around the appointment of financial experts with industry expertise but no reaction around the appointment of financial experts without industry expertise. Consistent with the expectation that some industries demand a higher need for specialised directors, we find a positive market reaction to the appointment of financial experts with industry expertise depending on whether the appointing firm is relatively more challenging for non‐industry experts to monitor and advise. Overall, our findings suggest that market participants demand a combination of financial and industry expertise.
Financial reforms and low‐income households' impact on international consumption risk sharing
Authors: Gardberg Malin
Published: July 2022

Complete financial markets allow countries to share their consumption risks internationally, thereby creating welfare gains through lower volatility of aggregate consumption. Using a panel of 116 countries between 1970 and 2019, I show that a higher share of low‐income households reduces consumption risk sharing, especially so in less‐developed countries. Moreover, I find that a broad range of financial market reforms and financial integration have a positive impact on international consumption risk sharing in poorer developing countries, while in emerging market countries, financial market development, financial reforms, and capital account openness has an impact. In advanced economies, financial (stock and bond) market development as well as financial integration improves international risk sharing. A lack of financial reforms, a lower degree of financial integration and a high share of low‐income households thus contribute to the degree of risk sharing being lower in developing countries than in advanced economies.
Highly precise breakpoint detection of chromosome balanced translocation in chronic myelogenous leukaemia: Case series
Authors: Yang Chuanchun , Cui Xiaoli , Xu Lei , Zhang Qian , Tang Shanmei , Zhang Mengmeng , Xie Ni
Published: July 2022

Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) has a special phenomenon of chromosome translocation, which is called Philadelphia chromosome translocation. However, the detailed connection of this structure is troublesome and expensive to be identified. Low‐coverage whole genome sequencing (LCWGS) could not only detect the previously unknown chromosomal translocation, but also provide the breakpoint candidate small region (with an accuracy of ±200 bases). Importantly, the sequencing cost of LCWGS is about US$300. Then, with the Sanger DNA sequencing, the precise breakpoint can be determined at a single base level. In our project, with LCWGS, BCR and ABL1 are successfully identified to be disrupted in three CML patients (at chr22:23,632,356 and chr9:133,590,450; chr22:23,633,748 and chr9:133,635,781; chr22: 23,631,831 and chr9:133,598,513, respectively). Due to the reconnection after chromosome breakage, classical fusion gene (BCR::ABL1) was found in bone marrow and peripheral blood. The precise breakpoints were helpful to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of CML and could better guide the classification of CML subtypes. This LCWGS method is universal and can be used to detect all diseases related to chromosome variation, such as solid tumours, liquid tumours and birth defects.
Exploring the role of antimicrobials in the selective growth of purple phototrophic bacteria through genome mining and agar spot assays
Authors: Alloul A. , Van Kampen W. , Cerruti M. , Wittouck S. , Pabst M. , Weissbrodt D.G.
Published: July 2022

Purple non-sulphur bacteria (PNSB) are an emerging group of microbes attractive for applied microbiology applications such as wastewater treatment, plant biostimulants, microbial protein, polyhydroxyalkanoates and H2 production. These photoorganoheterotrophic microbes have the unique ability to grow selectively on organic carbon in anaerobic photobioreactors. This so-called selectivity implies that the microbial community will have a low diversity and a high abundance of a particular PNSB species. Recently, it has been shown that certain PNSB strains can produce antimicrobials, yet it remains unclear whether these contribute to competitive inhibition. This research aimed to understand which type of antimicrobial PNSB produce and identify whether these compounds contribute to their selective growth. Mining 166 publicly-available PNSB genomes using the computational tool BAGEL showed that 59% contained antimicrobial encoding regions, more specifically biosynthetic clusters of bacteriocins and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases. Inter- and intra-species inhibition was observed in agar spot assays for Rhodobacter blasticus EBR2 and Rhodopseudomonas palustris EBE1 with inhibition zones of, respectively, 5.1 and 1.5–5.7 mm. Peptidomic analysis detected a peptide fragment in the supernatant (SVLQLLR) that had a 100% percentage identity match with a known non-ribosomal peptide synthetase with antimicrobial activity.
Use of supra‐therapeutic phenytoin for management of ventricular arrhythmias in children: Case series and literature review
Authors: Bhansali Suneet , Tan Reina Bianca M. , Spilios Maria , Cecchin Frank
Published: July 2022

Phenytoin is a versatile drug with utility in neurological, dermatological, and even cardiac disease processes. Though phenytoin is widely available due to its excellent anti‐epileptic properties, it is now rarely used as an antiarrhythmic. Phenytoin has well‐studied sodium‐channel blocking abilities which can be taken advantage of to treat ventricular arrhythmias. Thus, it should remain in the arsenal of antiarrhythmics for any electrophysiologist. We present two cases of intractable ventricular arrhythmia in children that were controlled with phenytoin at supra‐therapeutic serum levels, preventing the need for heart transplantation.
Palaeobiology of the early sauropodomorph Mussaurus patagonicus inferred from its long bone histology
Authors: Cerda Ignacio A. , Pol Diego , Otero Alejandro , Chinsamy Anusuya
Published: July 2022

We present a detailed histological study of long bones from an ontogenetic series of Mussaurus patagonicus, an early sauropodomorph from the Lower Jurassic of Argentina. Twenty long bones, including humeri, femora and fibulae, obtained from 13 individuals of different body sizes were sampled for histological analysis. In general terms, the cortical bone is formed by a well vascularized fibrolamellar and parallel fibred bone. Except for the smaller individuals, cyclical growth marks (CGMs) are well recorded in all the specimens but their number and relative position is highly variable. Mussaurus exhibits marked variation regarding relative growth rate, with some individuals growing much faster than others. Such variation affects the size of the adult individuals, which results in a poor correlation between the body size and the age/ontogenetic stage for this taxon. These discrepancies may be related to sexual dimorphism and/or developmental plasticity. Intraspecific variation is also recorded with regard to the growth strategies, which can vary from cyclical, as in other early sauropodomorphs, to continuous, as reported in sauropods. Sexual maturity appears to have been reached between 23 and 31 years, which is delayed in comparison to other early sauropodomorphs but more comparable with derived sauropods. The attainment of somatic maturity appears to have been reached at about 14 years after onset of sexual maturity. Mussaurus is a sauropodiform, phylogenetically closer to sauropods than most other Early Jurassic sauropodomorphs, and therefore provides critical information for understanding palaeobiological aspects of the origin of sauropods and the onset of gigantism in this lineage.
Insights into the complicated networks contribute to adventitious rooting in transgenic MdWOX11 apple microshoots under nitrate treatments
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Mobeen , Tong Lu , Fan Li , Liu Zhimin , Li Shaohuan , Zhang Xiaoyun , Li Ke , Shao Yun , Zhang Dong , Mao Jiangping
Published: July 2022

Adventitious root formation is a bottleneck for the mass propagation of microshoots, and nitrate is an essential nutrient regulating adventitious roots. WOX11 is involved in adventitious rooting. But the crosstalk between nitrate and WOX11 is completely unknown. In this study, MdWOX11 transgenic apple microshoots were grown on different nitrate treatments. Low nitrate promotes adventitious rooting in overexpressed microshoots more than wild type and RNA interference microshoots. In contrast, medium nitrate significantly inhibits it in overexpressed and RNA interference microshoots compared with wild type microshoots. Stem anatomy indicated that medium nitrate delays root primordia formation compared with low nitrate. Methyl jasmonate and zeatin riboside played positive and negative roles in adventitious rooting, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the phenotypes better. Hormone signalling, sugar metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, cell cycle and root development pathway‐related genes were selected for their potential involvement in adventitious rooting. Results suggest that nitrogen signaling and MdWOX11 expression affect cytokinin accumulation and response to cytokinin through regulating the expression of genes related to cytokinin synthesis and transduction pathways, which ultimately affect adventitious rooting. This study provided important insights into the complicated networks involved in adventitious rooting in transgenic microshoots under nitrate treatments.
Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Hyperhotspots as Sensitive Indicators of Keratinocyte UV Exposure†
Authors: Garcia‐Ruiz Alejandro , Kornacker Karl , Brash Douglas E.
Published: July 2022

The dominant DNA damage generated by UV exposure is the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), which alters skin cell physiology and induces cell death and mutation. Genome‐wide nucleotide‐resolution analysis of CPDs in melanocytes and fibroblasts has identified “CPD hyperhotspots”, pyrimidine‐pyrimidine sites hundreds of fold more susceptible to the generation of CPDs than the genomic average. Identifying hyperhotspots in keratinocytes could enable measuring individual past UV exposure in small skin samples and predicting future skin cancer risk. We therefore exposed neonatal human epidermal keratinocytes to narrowband UVB and quantified CPDs using the adductSeq high‐throughput DNA sequencing method. Keratinocytes contained thousands of CPD hyperhotspots, with a UVB‐sensitivity up to 550 fold greater than the genomic average. As with melanocytes, the most sensitive sites were located in promoter regions at ETS‐family transcription factor binding sequence motifs, near RNA processing genes. Moreover, they lay at sequence motifs bound to ETS1 in CpG islands. These genes were specifically upregulated in skin and the CPD hyperhotspots were mutated in a fraction of keratinocyte cancers. Crucially for their biological importance and practical application, CPD hyperhotspot locations and UV‐sensitivity ranking demonstrated high reproducibility across experiments and across skin donors. CPD hyperhotspots are therefore sensitive indicators of UV exposure.
Antimicrobial resistance in fish pathogens and alternative risk mitigation strategies
Authors: Deekshit Vijaya Kumar , Maiti Biswajit , Krishna Kumar Ballamoole , Kotian Akshatha , Pinto Gillaine , Bondad‐Reantaso Melba G. , Karunasagar Iddya , Karunasagar Indrani
Published: July 2022

The discovery of antimicrobial agents, particularly antibiotics, is one of the most important milestones in the history of therapeutics. Since their discovery, antibiotics have been widely used in human medicine, veterinary, agriculture and aquaculture sectors. Many of the antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine are also being used in the aquaculture sector either for therapy or as prophylactic agents. However, there is increasing awareness and concern for the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the consequent emergence of antimicrobial resistance in the aquaculture settings. An aquatic environment, especially if it is eutrophic, provides a suitable niche for many bacterial pathogens to survive and multiply. Although there are limited reports of large‐scale outbreaks in the aquaculture sector directly caused by antibiotic resistant fish pathogens, the presence of transferable plasmids, transposons and integrons in fish pathogens such as Aeromonas spp., Edwardsiella spp. and Vibrio spp. is a cause of concern. Thus, the need to study the resistance determinants found in these transmissible elements to different classes of antibiotics carried by fish pathogens and, their dissemination is highly relevant.
Calf‐cow and bull‐cow management in buffaloes: Effects on growth, productive and reproductive performance of mothers and their calves
Authors: Choudhary Sanjay , Kamboj Madan Lal , Ungerfeld Rodolfo , Singh Pawan
Published: July 2022

The aim of the first study was to determine the influence of the calf handling (restricted or full contact) and fenceline bull stimulation on performance of mothers and their calves. The aim of the second study was to determine the relative impact of calf–bull contact, comparing the result of restricted calf and no bull with that of fenceline calf contact and direct bull contact on the performance of mother buffaloes and their calves. In Experiment 1, 24 mother–calf dyads were allocated to three treatments: NCB (no calf–mother–bull contact), RC‐FBC (restricted calf and fenceline bull contact) and FC‐FBC (fenceline calf and fenceline bull contact). In Experiment 2, another 24 mother–calf dyads were allocated to two treatments: RC‐NB (restricted calf and no bull contact) and FC‐DBC (fenceline calf and direct bull contact). In Experiment 1, average daily gain (ADG) was greater in FC‐FBC than RC‐FBC and NCB calves (p < .05). Average dry matter intake (DMI) was greater in FC‐FBC than RC‐FBC and NCB calves. DMI of buffaloes was greater in FC‐FBC than RC‐FBC and NCB. Daily milk yield of buffaloes was more (p < .05) in FC‐FBC (10.2 ± 0.2 kg) than RC‐FBC (8.4 ± 0.2 kg) and RC‐FBC (7.8 ± 0.2 kg). There were no statistical differences observed in the interval from calving to first oestrus, first service, service period among three groups. In Experiment 2, ADG's and DMI were greater in FC‐FBC calves than RC‐FBC (p < .05). DMI of buffaloes was greater in FC‐DBC than RC‐NBC (p < .05). Daily milk yield of buffaloes was greater (p < .05) in FC‐DBC (11.6 ± 0.2 kg) than RC‐NBC (8.3 ± 0.2 kg). The first oestrus (51.5 ± 3.1 vs. 103.2 ± 7.2), days to first service (74.8 ± 3.5 vs.112.0 ± 7.6) and service period (78.8 ± 4.8 vs.118.9 ± 8.3 days) were lower (p < .05) in FC‐DBC than RC‐NBC buffaloes. The fenceline calf‐mother contact increased the growth rate, FCR, and feeding efficiency of buffalo calves; reduced some stress responses and improved the productive performance of buffalo mothers. Further, mother‐bull contact stimulated the post‐partum reproductive performance of buffaloes in fenceline calf contact.
The effect of priming and duration of oestradiol benzoate treatment before progesterone administration on embryo development and survival in anestrous recipient mares
Authors: Oquendo Pedro S. , Silva Elisa S. M. , Oquendo Fabiana M. G. , Cuervo‐Arango Juan , Beletti Marcelo E.
Published: July 2022

The effect of three different hormonal protocols to prepare anestrous recipient mares on embryo survival was evaluated. The first group consisted of only progesterone administration (NE) 4 days before embryo transfer, while the recipients from the other two groups received a single administration of 2.5 mg of oestradiol benzoate (SE) 2 days earlier or 8 mg of oestradiol split in increasing doses for 5 consecutive days (LE) ending 3 days before progesterone treatment. The likelihood of recovering an embryo 2 days after transfer was 46.1% (6/13), 62.5% (5/8) and 85.7% (6/7) for recipient mares from the no oestrus, short and long oestrous groups respectively (p = .09). In conclusion, the presence and duration of oestradiol treatment before progesterone administration tended to influence the embryo survival in anestrous recipients 2 days after transfer. The surviving embryos recovered from the three different groups of recipients did not show any difference in size and morphology.
The role of social capital and trust in the success of local wine tourism and rural development
Authors: Tomay Kyra , Tuboly Emese
Published: July 2022

The development of wine and food tourism can reinforce local economies by attracting visitors and new inhabitants to small and picturesque rural areas. However, not all villages benefit equally from the same wine and food tourism trends. What makes some settlements and territories economically attractive and successful? What accounts for the difference between success stories and areas that are lagging behind, despite similar ‘hard’ factors? This article focuses on the soft elements: the role of community and entrepreneurial values, attitudes, networks, social capital and trust in the economic success of prosperous rural settlements. The article presents three empirical case studies of settlements in different wine regions in Hungary, based on semi‐structured in‐depth interviews. We conclude that the economic success of winemaking settlements is due either to lifestyle entrepreneurs moving in or to the strength of the locally bounded community.
The novel HLA‐C*06:327 allele was identified in three unrelated bone marrow donors
Authors: Ananeva Anastasiia , Nizamov Shamil , Ryzhkova Tatiana , Shagimardanova Elena
Published: July 2022

HLA‐C*06:327 has one non‐synonymous nucleotide change from C*06:02:01:01 at codon 222.