bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalable semi-supervised structure learning for event recognition
Authors: Μιχελιουδάκης Ευάγγελος
Published: January 2024

Η συμβολική αναγνώριση γεγονότων συχνά βασίζεται σε μια βάση γνώσης, η οποία περιέχει κανόνες εκφρασμένους σε λογική πρώτης τάξης, και χρησιμοποιείται για την αναγνώριση γεγονότων σε ροές δεδομένων. Τέτοια λογικά συστήματα αναγνώρισης γεγονότων προσφέρουν εύρωστο χρονικό συμπερασμό και επιτρέπουν την αυτόματη κατασκευή κανόνων με τη χρήση Επαγωγικού Λογικού Προγραμματισμού. Παρότι οι υπάρχουσες μέθοδοι για την εκμάθηση σχεσιακών δομών διευκολύνουν την εύρεση τέτοιων κανόνων σε θορυβώδεις ροές δεδομένων, υποθέτουν ότι τα δεδομένα εκμάθησης είναι πλήρως επισημειωμένα, πράγμα το οποίο είναι μη ρεαλιστικό σε πραγματικές εφαρμογές. Σε αυτή τη διατριβή επιχειρούμε να αντιμετωπίσουμε το πρόβλημα της κλιμακούμενης ημί-επιπλεπόμενης μάθησης για αναγνώριση γεγονότων. Προτείνουμε δύο καινούργιες τεχνικές για να συμπεραίνουμε τις απούσες επισημειώσεις στα δεδομένα εκπαίδευσης και να μαθαίνουμε κανόνες εκφρασμένους σε Λογισμό Γεγονότων. Το SPLICE είναι ένα σύστημα το οποίο χρησιμοποιεί γράφους για να εξάγει επισημειώσεις για τα μη-επισημειωμένα δεδομένα με βάση τις αποστάσεις τους από τα αντίστοιχα επισημειωμένα. Για να εφαρμόσουμε τη μέθοδο αυτή σε λογική πρώτης τάξης, χρησιμοποιούμε μια απόσταση για σχεσιακές δομές η οποία μετράει την απόσταση μεταξύ λογικών ατόμων. Η διαδικασία της επισημείωσης των δεδομένων γίνεται σε ένα πέρασμα με χρήση ενός μηχανισμού μνήμης και του Hoeffding bound για να φιλτράρουμε αντικρουόμενα παραδείγματα. Παρόλα αυτά το SPLICE, βασίζεται σημαντικά στη μετρική που υπολογίζει τις αποστάσεις μεταξύ των λογικών ατόμων. Επιπλέον, δεν υπάρχει καμία εγγύηση για την ποιότητα των λύσεων στους τοπικούς γράφους που κατασκευάζονται από τη ροή δεδομένων. Συνεπώς, προτείνουμε μια δεύτερη μέθοδο, το SPLICE+, η οποία χρησιμοποιεί μια υβριδική απόσταση που συνδυάζει μια βελτιστοποιημένη απόσταση σχεσιακών δομών και μια απόσταση που βασίζεται στη μάζα των δεδομένων. Η πρώτη καθοδηγείται από μια επιλογή χαρακτηριστικών, ενώ η δεύτερη στην εκτίμηση της μάζα των δεδομένων. Επιπλέον, το SPLICE+ βελτιώνει την κατασκευή του γράφου με το να αποθηκεύει μια σύνοψη του παρελθόντος ώστε να πετύχει καλύτερες επισημειώσεις στους τοπικούς γράφους. Αξιολογούμε τις μεθόδους μας σε εφαρμογές σύνθετης αναγνώρισης γεγονότων χρησιμοποιώντας ένα σύνολο δεδομένων για αναγνώριση ανθρώπινων δραστηριοτήτων, ένα για αναγνώριση ναυτιλιακών συμβάντων και ένα για τη διαχείριση εμπορικών οχημάτων.
Distinct fibroblast functions associated with fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and their implications for therapeutic development
Authors: M. S. Barron Alexander , Fabre Thomas , De Saurav
Published: January 2024

Fibroblasts are ubiquitous cells that can adopt many functional states. As tissue-resident sentinels, they respond to acute damage signals and shape the earliest events in fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Upon sensing an insult, fibroblasts produce chemokines and growth factors to organize and support the response. Depending on the size and composition of the resulting infiltrate, these activated fibroblasts may also begin to contract or relax thus changing local stiffness within the tissue. These early events likely contribute to the divergent clinical manifestations of fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Further, distinct changes to the cellular composition and signaling dialogue in these diseases drive progressive fibroblasts specialization. In fibrotic diseases, fibroblasts support the survival, activation and differentiation of myeloid cells, granulocytes and innate lymphocytes, and produce most of the pathogenic extracellular matrix proteins. Whereas, in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, sequential accumulation of dendritic cells, T cells and B cells programs fibroblasts to support local, destructive adaptive immune responses. Fibroblast specialization has clear implications for the development of effective induction and maintenance therapies for patients with these clinically distinct diseases.
Genealogy, critique, and decolonization: Ibn Khaldun and moving beyond filling the gaps
Authors: Sehlikoglu Sertaç
Published: January 2024

The aim of this paper is to locate critique at the intersections of the genealogy of knowledge in anthropological thinking and the decolonizing movement. The paper approaches the decolonizing movement as one of the most crucial points in anthropological thinking. It is built on the premise that the decolonizing movement is set to go beyond filling the gaps in genealogies and it can do so by: (1) revising the ‘dismissed’ genealogies that has contributed to the formation of the contemporary classical theory, and (2) thinking creatively in implementing the critical thinking tools to the dismissed scholarship, in an equal manner to the Eurocentric scholarship. To illustrate, it uses the case of Ibn Khaldun, an Arab scholar of social sciences and historical analysis from 14th Century who is often referred to as the first sociologist. On the one hand, his influence in classical Western thinking is largely dismissed. On the other hand, as a counter-response to this dismissal, the new Islamic revivalist intelligentsia in the Muslim right engage with him in a selective manner that not only rejects that central critical thinking but, even worse, sanctions the local regimes of power, including that local canon. By locating his scholarship to multiple tropes in anthropological theory and reading his evolutionist thinking vis-à-vis the post-colonial literature in anthropology and sociology, I question the limits and possibilities of critical thinking within and beyond the decolonizing movement.
Labour migration of young women from the village to the capital in Bulgaria: A case study of woman servantry in Vakarel
Authors: Hristov Petko , Spasova Niya
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the maiden servantry in Bulgaria – a relatively late social phenomenon, but with important cultural and social consequences. It is also an indicator of the early modernization of Bulgarian society in the first half of the twentieth century. Using the example of Vakarel in Middle Western Bulgaria, the authors define servantry as a social mediator, facilitating the spread of urban culture and European models in the Shopluk villages around the capital Sofia. The emergence and development of female servantry as an enduring and sustainable social practice charts a path of change in marriage strategies and family patterns in a small rural community and thus in society as a whole. Gradually, from an escape from the adverse socio-economic factors and the harsh life in the village, temporary employment as a servant in the home of a wealthy family in the big city became an important moment in the young girl's growth and socialization, a condition for successful realization of family strategies in the rural environment. As a social phenomenon, servanthood has remained positively valued in the collective memory of the locals as part of the oral stories told within the family.
Strengthening global health policies, guidance, regulations: responding to calls for public consultation by integrating diverse voices, experience and expertise
Authors: Curry David R , Adiabu Sedem , Bukini Daima , Ang Lynn , Arawi Thalia , Aurich Beate , Hassan Mariam , Lolas Fernando , Sitorus Rita S , Su Yeyang
Published: January 2024

In this open letter, members of the Global Forum for Research Ethics and Integrity [GFREI] – an open, independent collaborative involving 80+ individuals in 30+ countries – report on and extend arguments made during a workshop conducted at the Oxford Global Health and Bioethics International Conference (June 26–27, 2023). Ten GFREI presenters from nine countries used a case study approach to present and discuss an emerging model to integrate diverse global voices in engaging open public consultation opportunities – sometimes termed calls for input, calls for public comment, requests for information (RFIs). A key form of public consultation invites observations and ideas on, and specific edits to, draft versions of policies, guidance, regulations, and other formats under a specific deadline. Based on our experience, we posit that engagement of public consultation opportunities is a matter of transnational civic responsibility; that such engagement can add substantive value to public discourse and the realization of public good; that engaging voices and views from all global regions, and respecting and integrating diverse contributions from varying experience, expertise and forms of knowledge significantly strengthens public consultation responses; and that sustaining and extending GFREI’s independent global voice, and building its diversity and the range of disciplines represented, is worthy of robust support from the global community. Finally, we call on the ethics/bioethics community to engage these calls as an important strategy in advancing the ethical soundness of the laws, regulations, policies, guidelines presented for public consultation.
Glacier Retreat and Pro Glacial Lake dynamics of Darma Valley, Central Himalaya, India
Authors: Reza Masoom , Joshi Ramesh Chandra , Nabiyal Chandra , Negi Mamta
Published: January 2024

The physiography and climate of the higher Himalaya are unique in nature. Some phenomenal changes that are dynamic and become inevitable due to global temperature rise, such as variability of glacier cover, lake area and glacier retreat. This study is conducted using remote sensing data. A total of 17 glaciers are mapped using Sentinel-2 (2020), Landsat 5 (1994), and Corona declassified (1966) data. In 1966, the total area of glaciers was 74.309 ± 0.1478 Km2, which decreased to 72.072 ± 0.370 Km2 in 2020. The estimated total loss of glacier area in 54 years (1966-2020) is 2.236 ± 0.016 Km2. The average total retreat of the terminus in 54 years is 439.30 ± 13.795 m and the annual retreat is 7.91 ± 0.255 m. In the same valley, 6 (six) major glacial lakes were also observed, with the most expanding lake GLK – 5 expanding by 2010.7 ±30.26% in 54 years.
The role of street network metrics in shaping distance distributions in a residential neighbourhood
Authors: Demdoum Khair Eddine , Mohd Yunos Mohd Yazid , Ujang Norsidah , Utaberta Nangkula
Published: January 2024

Walkability studies often rely on physical proximity metrics for destination accessibility. However, some recent studies argue that configuration (topological) distance provides a more accurate reflection of the actual distances experienced by individuals. This study therefore aims to test the extent to which an association exists between network-metric proximity to several destinations and two main measures of space syntax – integration and choice – in a dendriform network structure such as Putrajaya city (Malaysia). Using GIS, multiple buffer-service areas were generated around each housing unit (N = 2,392). Interpolation and space syntax analyses were conducted to assess metric and topological distance at local and global levels for each buffer. The statistical analysis showed that distances to commercial areas, transportation and average distances to all destinations were strongly affected by the syntactical properties of the neighbourhood. Moreover, global measures were more powerful in detecting metric-distance changes compared to local measures. Aligned with natural movement theory, these results support the idea that the spatial properties of urban form have a significant impact on distance distributions within residential settings, specifically distances to commercial areas. Therefore, policies that promote mixed-use development, especially in areas with good transportation access, should consider the impact of syntactical accessibility of the network.
El poder de los comienzos: fundamentación filosófica de un laboratorio biográfico en la prisión (Hannah Arendt).
Authors: Ruiz Gutiérrez Adriana María
Published: January 2024

La vida humana (bíos), a diferencia de la existencia biológica (zoé), está compuesta por un cúmulo iniciativas cumplidas y anheladas que descubren a alguien, su distinción y su novedad respecto a todo lo existente o por venir. Naturalmente, este carácter renovable, y, en modo alguno, mecánico de la vida humana, que subvierte cualquier pronóstico previo y engendra siempre algo nuevo, depende de la posibilidad de narrar. Porque en el acto de la narración se revela la facultad humana para iniciar, sucesivamente, y hasta el último hombre, la propia existencia. Que el hombre sea puro comienzo significa que tiene el poder para relatar y transformar el mundo, a partir de palabras y actos que dependan de su iniciativa. Esta comprensión arendtiana sobre la condición humana constituye el presupuesto filosófico y metodológico de un laboratorio biográfico realizado en la prisión, que representa un espacio de aparición donde se anuncian comienzos inesperados.
Strategy-Proof Multidimensional Mechanism Design
Authors: Basu Ranojoy , Mukherjee Conan
Published: January 2024

We consider direct mechanisms to sell heterogeneous objects when buyers have private additive valuations and nonunit demand. We completely characterize the class of strategy-proof and agent sovereign mechanisms that satisfy a local side-flatness condition. Further, we introduce a notion of “continuity up to utility” and show that any such mechanism allocating all objects at all profiles is continuous and anonymous only if it is efficient. We find that the only mechanism satisfying these properties is equivalent to operating simultaneous second-price auctions for each object—as was done by the New Zealand government in allocating license rights to the use of radio spectrum in 1990. Finally, we present a complete characterization of simultaneous second-price auctions with object-specific reserve prices in terms of these properties and a weak nonbossiness restriction.
Bribery in the Workplace: A Field Experiment on the Threat of Making Group Behavior Visible
Authors: Dakhlallah Diana
Published: January 2024

Can reputational threat among coworkers reduce bribery in organizations? I exploit within- and across-organizational variation in bribery to design and implement a field experiment in the maternity wards of five Moroccan public hospitals. I test whether threatening to reveal information about ward workers’ involvement in bribery to their coworkers dissuades them from taking bribes from patients. Healthcare workers cut back on taking bribes in higher-incidence maternity wards but not in lower-incidence wards. Qualitative data show that bribery’s baseline incidence sets the costs of revealing. Workers tolerate only so much bribery in their wards before they face the negative social consequences of belonging to a work group that takes bribes. They thus correct their behavior when it crosses a threshold. Moreover, ineffective applications of the field interventions betrayed welfare-diminishing effects. I furnish evidence for a novel kind of policy lever against workplace bribery and shed new light on the dynamics of bribery inside organizations.

Funding: Funding from different programs at Stanford University—Stanford Interdisciplinary Graduate Fellowship, Abbasi Program for Islamic Studies Summer Research Grant, Graduate Research Opportunity Grant, Sociology Research Opportunity Grant, Stanford Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society Grant, Freeman Spogli Institute’s Mentored Global Research Fellowship, and Stanford Institute for Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Developing Economies Fellowship—are gratefully acknowledged.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.15264 .
Leg dystrophic calcification as a consequence of chronic diabetic foot infection: a case report
Authors: Maia Ariana , Saraiva Miguel , Costa Luís , Carvalho André Couto , Freitas Cláudia , Amaral Cláudia , Coelho André , Carvalho Rui
Published: January 2024

Foot ulceration and infection is associated with a substantial increase in morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. We present a clinical case of recurrent diabetic foot infection with an atypical clinical evolution. A 58-year-old male patient with type 1 diabetes and a history of bilateral Charcot foot neuroarthropathy was followed at our Diabetic Foot Clinic for an unhealed plantar foot ulcer for >1.5 years with recurrent episodes of infection. He was admitted to hospital due to foot ulcer reinfection with sepsis and ipsilateral lower limb cellulitis. The foot infection was found to be associated with an underlying abscess in the anterior compartment of the leg, with a cutaneous fistulous course with extensive alterations of an inflammatory nature. Exudate from the lesion was drained and tissue biopsied, revealing Serratia marcescens and Klebsiella oxytoca with dystrophic calcification (DC). Surgical excision of dystrophic tissue with debridement of the fistulous tracts was performed. The excised material corroborated the presence of fibroadipose connective tissue with marked DC, as well as areas of mixed inflammation compatible with a chronic infectious aetiology. Targeted long-term antibiotic therapy was implemented, for a total of six weeks, with a favourable clinical evolution and complete closure of the lesion at the final follow-up. DC results from calcium deposition in degenerated tissues without evidence of systemic mineral imbalance and is a potential cause of non-healing ulcers. Few cases of DC have been reported in diabetic foot patients and its treatment remains challenging and controversial. A longer follow-up period is necessary to verify the effectiveness of our approach.
Inverse relationship between platelet Akt activity and hippocampal atrophy: A pilot case-control study in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tokuda Haruhiko , Hori Takamitsu , Mizutani Daisuke , Hioki Tomoyuki , Kojima Kumi , Onuma Takashi , Enomoto Yukiko , Doi Tomoaki , Matsushima-Nishiwaki Rie , Ogura Shinji , Iida Hiroki , Iwama Toru , Sakurai Takashi , Kozawa Osamu
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Akt plays diverse roles in humans. It is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is caused by insulin resistance. Akt also plays a vital role in human platelet activation. Furthermore, the hippocampus is closely associated with memory and learning, and a decrease in hippocampal volume is reportedly associated with an insulin-resistant phenotype in T2DM patients without dementia.

AIM

To investigate the relationship between Akt phosphorylation in unstimulated platelets and the hippocampal volume in T2DM patients.

METHODS

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was prepared from the venous blood of patients with T2DM or age-matched controls. The pellet lysate of the centrifuged PRP was subjected to western blotting to analyse the phosphorylation of Akt, p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Phosphorylation levels were quantified by densitometric analysis. Hippocampal volume was analysed using a voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer’s disease on magnetic resonance imaging, which proposes the Z-score as a parameter that reflects hippocampal volume.

RESULTS

The levels of phosphorylated Akt corrected with phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase were inversely correlated with the Z-scores in the T2DM subjects, whereas the levels of phosphorylated Akt corrected with GAPDH were not. However, this relationship was not observed in the control patients.

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that an inverse relationship may exist between platelet Akt activation and hippocampal atrophy in T2DM patients. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying T2DM hippocampal atrophy.
Mental retardation, seizures and language delay caused by new SETD1B mutations: Three case reports
Authors: Ding Le , Wei Li-Wan , Li Tai-Song , Chen Jing
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

The SETD1B gene is instrumental in human intelligence and nerve development. Mutations in the SETD1B gene have been linked in recent studies to neurodevelopmental disorders, seizures, and language delay.

CASE SUMMARY

This study aimed to analyze the clinical manifestations and treatment of three patients suffering from mental retardation, epilepsy, and language delay resulting from a new mutation in the SETD1B gene. Three individuals with these symptoms were selected, and their clinical symptoms, gene test results, and treatment were analyzed. This article discusses the impact of the SETD1B gene mutation on patients and outlines the treatment approach. Among the three patients (two females and one male, aged 8, 4, and 1, respectively), all exhibited psychomotor retardation, attention deficit, and hyperactivity disorder, and two had epilepsy. Antiepileptic treatment with sodium tripolyvalproate halted the seizures in the affected child, although mental development remained somewhat delayed. Whole exome sequencing revealed new mutations in the SETD1B gene for all patients, specifically with c.5473C>T (p.Arg1825trp), c.4120C>T (p.Gln1374*, 593), c.14_15insC (p.His5Hisfs*33).

CONCLUSION

Possessing the SETD1B gene mutation may cause mental retardation accompanied by seizures and language delay. Although the exact mechanism is not fully understood, interventions such as drug therapy, rehabilitation training, and family support can assist patients in managing their symptoms and enhancing their quality of life. Furthermore, genetic testing supplies healthcare providers with more precise diagnostic and therapeutic guidance, informs families about genetic disease risks, and contributes to understanding disease pathogenesis and drug research and development.
Granulomatous mastitis in a 50-year-old male: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Cui Le-Yin , Sun Chen-Ping , Li Yun-Yuan , Liu Sheng
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) an inflammatory disease of the breast that usually affects women of childbearing age, occurs very rarely in males.

CASE SUMMARY

We present a case study of a 50-year-old male patient with GM. The patient developed a breast lump following the cleaning of a previously embedded dirt-filled nipple. While an initial improvement was noted with antibiotic therapy, a recurrence occurred a year later, showing resistance to the previously effective antibiotics. Subsequently, the lesion was excised. The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of GM.

CONCLUSION

GM should be considered a possible diagnosis of male breast masses.
Investigando el SEO desde las ciencias sociales : 'scoping review'
Authors: Lopezosa Carlos , Codina Lluís , Rovira Cristòfol
Published: January 2024

Introducción: el SEO (search engine optimization) u optimización en buscadores es el conjunto de estrategias que se aplican a contenidos y sitios web para que aparezcan en posiciones relevantes en los resultados de los buscadores. Dada su importancia en amplios sectores de la actividad humana, el SEO no ha pasado desapercibido por parte de la academia, lo que ha propiciado el desarrollo de diferentes estudios sobre esta disciplina.
 Objetivos: bajo esta premisa, en este trabajo pretendemos conocer la visión de la academia sobre el SEO. En concreto, nos proponemos explorar las principales características del corpus de artículos académicos publicados sobre SEO en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales. Los objetivos específicos son determinar las ideas clave, las tendencias y los temas principales relacionados con el posicionamiento en buscadores, incluyendo las metodologías más utilizadas, así como ofrecer aportes basados en la evidencia gracias a una scoping review.
 Metodología: para llevar a cabo esta investigación y determinar cuál es la visión de la academia sobre el SEO, se ha aplicado una revisión sistemática exploratoria, bajo una metodología conocida internacionalmente como scoping review. Para el desarrollo de las diferentes fases de la revisión sistematizada se ha seguido el framework SALSA, lo que ha proporcionado una base de la evidencia a partir de 56 documentos.
 Resultados: los resultados de esta investigación proporcionan una caracterización general de los estudios académicos sobre el SEO desde el ámbito de las ciencias sociales, y determinan que estos se han centrado, principalmente, en conocer el funcionamiento de los buscadores generalistas como Google, estudiar el SEO en relación con bibliotecas y repositorios, investigar las técnicas de posicionamiento en general y en sectores empresariales en particular, notablemente en el periodismo y en los medios de comunicación, analizar el aprendizaje y la formación aplicada a la search engine optimization y en demostrar la relación existente entre el posicionamiento en buscadores y la experiencia de usuario.
Florentino Pérez-Embid, director general de Bellas Artes (1968-1974), negociaciones con Pablo Picasso y Joan Miró
Authors: Díaz Hernández Onésimo
Published: January 2024

Este artículo examina los esfuerzos realizados por Florentino Pérez-Embid, director general de Bellas Artes, para mejorar las relaciones de Pablo Picasso y Joan Miró con la dictadura de Franco. En este texto me detengo en dos objetivos del político e intelectual andaluz. En primer lu­gar, estudio las negociaciones emprendidas por el gobierno para traer el Guernica de Estados Unidos a España. En segundo lugar, analizo cómo Pérez-Embid llegó a un acuerdo con Miró. La principal aportación del artículo procede de la consulta de documentos inéditos del protagonista, conservados en el Archivo General de la Universidad de Navarra.
Oci, cultura i sociabilitat a l’Espanya contemporània a través dels cafès
Authors: Miquel Magrinyà Núria
Published: January 2024

Ressenya de

Mónica Vázquez Astorga, Panorama de Madrid y sus cafés como espaciospara la práctica de la sociabilidad pública (1765-1939), Madrid,Trea, 2022.
Learning with digital technologies in prison: a scoping review
Authors: Barros Rita , Monteiro Angélica , Leite Carlinda
Published: January 2024

The challenges of a knowledge-based society require the development of digital skills recognizing the potential of learning supported by technologies. Within this scope, and based on research published over the last decade, a scoping review of 66 articles was performed to create a framework derived from existing literature to analyze approaches to identify views about learning supported by digital technologies in prison environments. The results allowed both the presentation of an evolutionary perspective of the state of art regarding digital technologies in prison education and to identify four views: Technical, Humanistic, Regulatory, and Organizational, and Community. These views and the critical recognition of the approach that underpins them can contribute to understanding complementary roads to reach the political goals recommended for contemporary prison education, putting the focus on the promotion of conditions of lifelong learning in line with the challenges of the 21st century.
​​Negotiating Hospitality in Pat Mora's "Bilingual Christmas" and Sandra Cisneros's "It Occurs to Me I Am the Creative/Destructive Goddess Coatlicue"
Authors: Kasparian Méliné
Published: January 2024

This article explores the link between hospitality and power in two poems by contemporary Chicana writers Pat Mora and Sandra Cisneros, reflecting on how these two poems denounce the complicity of certain discourses and practices of hospitality with oppression and exclusion. Both poems explore the intersection between hospitality, power and inequality, highlighting the power differentials at play beneath relationships of hospitality. Hospitality appears in the two poems as a cover-up for marginalization and exploitation, the exclusion of migrants and post-migrants and the subjugation of women through norms of self-sacrifice. However, the two poems also reclaim hospitality and offer textual forms of generosity and care, or poetic hospitality in the way they welcome in voices, readers, and stories.
A Tale Worth Told: Neoliberal Feminism and Conditional Hospitality in Masih Alinejad's The Wind in My Hair: My Fight for Freedom in Modern Iran (2018)
Authors: Delshad Parisa
Published: January 2024

This paper explores the conceptualization of freedom in the memoir of the Iranian-American journalist and media activist, Masih Alinejad. It examines The Wind in My Hair: My Fight for Freedom in Modern Iran (2018) with respect to Alinejad’s activism in the "Woman, Life, Freedom" movement in Iran. The paper utilizes a critical framework drawn from feminist critiques of neoliberal feminism and Derridean hospitality to focus on Alinejad’s repetition of the narratives of model minority and American exceptionalism. These neoliberal narratives have the potential to turn both Iran and the United States into inhospitable places for women. The paper concludes that an intersectional examination of Alinejad’s neoliberal approach to the experiences of women in both the United States and Iran will demonstrate that it does not coincide with the demands of "Woman, Life, Freedom".
Mediació, conflictes i salut: el paper del llenguatge i la comunicació
Authors: Armadans Immaculada
Published: January 2024

Fa més de 10 anys que la mediació en salut s’ha proposat com una alternativa pacífica de gestió de conflictes que aporta benestar, entesa, reconeixement, desjudicialització de conflictes. Tot i els avenços en el seu coneixement, encara no podem dir que el seu ús estigui establert com una eina clau de resolució de conflictes en aquest àmbit, però té la capacitat de transformació i gestió positiva dels conflictes. La mediació pot ser vista com la intervenció, principalment a través del llenguatge i la comunicació, en les relacions interpersonals i intergrupals amb l’objectiu de resoldre un conflicte. La mediació ha de fer possible la prevenció i l’educació per minimitzar les reclamacions sanitàries, millorar la qualitat assistencial i cuidar les relacions interpersonals. Per això, en aquest treball plantegem la necessitat de considerar, ara més que mai, el paper del llenguatge i la comunicació en les relacions sanitàries en la mediació en salut.
La mediació dels conflictes en l’habitatge: de l’accés i les relacions de veïnatge a la seva sostenibilitat
Authors: Viola Demestre Isabel
Published: January 2024

La mediació és un procediment en què una tercera persona imparcial i neutral gestiona la comunicació entre les persones que tenen un conflicte en diferents àmbits de l’habitatge per tal que s’aclareixin malentesos, s’arribi a acords de solució que permetin una convivència pacífica i el manteniment en l’habitatge, evitant les situacions de sensellarisme. S’hi analitzen els àmbits de la llar on poden sorgir els conflictes, la seva tipologia (des de l’accés a les reformes perquè sigui ecològic) i la incidència de la mediació en la gestió de les controvèrsies per preservar la relació o posar-hi fi de manera pacífica.
En búsqueda del sentido perdido desde la resistencia y la gratitud. Entrevista a Jesús Ballesteros Llompart, Catedrático Emérito de Filosofía del Derecho (Universidad de Valencia, España)
Authors: Marcone Lo Presti Rodolfo
Published: January 2024

En esta entrevista Jesús Ballesteros Llompart, Catedratico Emérito de Filosofía del Derecho (Universidad de Valencia, España), aborda el transhumanismo y el poshumanismo analizando los avances tecnológicos y sus implicaciones éticas. También reflexiona sobre la crisis de las humanidades en la sociedad posmoderna y aboga por su revitalización. Ballesteros destaca la necesidad de cuestionar los fundamentos de la posmodernidad y promover valores universales basados en la dignidad humana. En resumen, la entrevista ofrece una visión concisa sobre estos temas clave, invitando a la reflexión sobre el impacto de la tecnología en la sociedad humana y la importancia de preservar los valores del humanismo en nuestra sociedad contemporánea.
Ethos filosófico y subalternidad: tránsitos entre los planteamientos educativos de don Lorenzo Milani y Antonio Gramsci
Authors: Ena Giulia
Published: January 2024

Este artículo pretende trazar paralelismos entre la filosofía educativa de Antonio Gramsci y la propuesta pedagógica de don Lorenzo Milani. Importantes figuras intelectuales italianas del siglo XX, los dos se dedicaron a delinear los fundamentos teóricos y prácticos de sendos proyectos educativos revolucionarios. Aportaron con ello dos pedagogías de lo colectivo, emancipadoras y restitutorias, proponiendo contundentes alternativas al tecnicismo falsamente democrático de las didácticas imperantes.  El presente escrito es también un ejercicio de reflexión a partir de la lectura de las obras de Milani y Gramsci que hacen referencia directa a la educación. El objetivo del artículo es comprender y señalar la actualidad de los dos pensamientos sobre este importante tema, que parece haber sido vaciado de significado en la sociedad actual, e interpretar desde ellos el binomio hegemonía-subalternidad.
Estudio cualitativo sobre las prácticas eficientes de la docencia universitaria para el estudiante de Derecho en Chile (2018-2022)
Authors: Carrasco-Jiménez Edison
Published: January 2024

El objetivo del estudio es conocer las prácticas docentes consideradas por los entrevistados como más eficientes, y contrastar éstas con los conocimientos científicos afianzados para determinar su pertinencia o validez. en aulas en la enseñanza en pregrado de la carrera de “Leyes”/“Derecho”/“Ciencias Jurídicas”/“Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales” de las Universidades chilenas. Para cumplir este objetivo se entrevistó a 132 abogados chilenos con más de 10 años de ejercicio de la profesión en Chile (n=132), en el período 2018-2022, y que en su mayoría procediera de las llamadas en Chile “Universidades Tradicionales”, los cuales fueron los sujetos de estudio. El instrumento utilizado fue el de “entrevista semiestructurada”. Los resultados condujeron a levantar una serie de prácticas eficientes, las cuales se contrastaron con datos afianzados en el conocimiento científico sobre su pertinencia o validez.
Inteligencia artificial y su problemático impacto en el Derecho
Authors: Masbernat Patricio , Pasquino Vincenzo
Published: January 2024

El presente articulo tiene por objeto mostrar las profundas consecuencias de la tecnología de la IA en el ámbito jurídico, y en la actividad de los operadores jurídicos. A través de una revisión general de la literatura y las cuestiones expuestas por esta, los autores muestran cómo el nuevo fenómeno desafía conceptos y categorías largamente consolidados en el Derecho. Esta realidad exige repensar profundamente las instituciones jurídicas y adaptarlas. El artículo comienza mostrando los aspectos técnicos en que se desenvuelve la IA, y su impacto en las bases del sistema jurídico, que de acuerdo a los autores son los fundamentos teóricos y éticos, la actividad de los operadores jurídicos y la enseñanza del derecho. A continuación, se revisan los impactos de la IA en diversos campos particulares del Derecho. Finalmente, los autores concluyen que nos encontramos frente a un cambio de paradigma que significará una profunda revisión de las teorías jurídicas, conceptos y categorías sobre las que se sostiene el Derecho hasta ahora.
1.3-µm identical active electro-absorption modulated laser with quantum well intermixed passive waveguide
Authors: Lee Seungchul , Kim Namje , Park Miran , Kwon O-Kyun
Published: January 2024

Quantum well intermixing (QWI) is an effective method for simple and well-defined monolithic integration of photonic devices. We introduce an identical-active electro-absorption modulated laser (IA-EML) with optimized QWI, which is applied to reduce the absorptive waveguide region. To determine the optimal intermixed IA-EML structure, we conduct a comparative analysis between the cases of an IA-EML with only an intermixed waveguide region and with both intermixed waveguide and electro-absorption modulator (EAM) regions, as well as the case without QWI. The results reveal that the intermixed region effectively inhibits the absorption in the waveguide. In particular, the IA-EML with only waveguide intermixing exhibits superior modulation characteristics with low driving voltages and a high extinction ratio. Our work provides an attractive approach for suppressing the absorptive waveguide region in the IA-EML to enhance modulation performance and to develop photonic integrated circuits with a simplified process.
How auto-differentiation can improve CT workflows: classical algorithms in a modern framework
Authors: Schoonhoven Richard , Skorikov Alexander , Palenstijn Willem Jan , Pelt Daniël M. , Hendriksen Allard A. , Batenburg K. Joost
Published: January 2024

Many of the recent successes of deep learning-based approaches have been enabled by a framework of flexible, composable computational blocks with their parameters adjusted through an automatic differentiation mechanism to implement various data processing tasks. In this work, we explore how the same philosophy can be applied to existing “classical” (i.e., non-learning) algorithms, focusing on computed tomography (CT) as application field. We apply four key design principles of this approach for CT workflow design: end-to-end optimization, explicit quality criteria, declarative algorithm construction by building the forward model, and use of existing classical algorithms as computational blocks. Through four case studies, we demonstrate that auto-differentiation is remarkably effective beyond the boundaries of neural-network training, extending to CT workflows containing varied combinations of classical and machine learning algorithms.
Polarization motivating high-performance weak targets’ imaging based on a dual-discriminator GAN
Authors: Zhou Hongping , Zeng Xinbao , Lin Bing , Li Dekui , Ali Shah Syed Afaq , Liu Bingyi , Guo Kai , Guo Zhongyi
Published: January 2024

High-level detection of weak targets under bright light has always been an important yet challenging task. In this paper, a method of effectively fusing intensity and polarization information has been proposed to tackle this issue. Specifically, an attention-guided dual-discriminator generative adversarial network (GAN) has been designed for image fusion of these two sources, in which the fusion results can maintain rich background information in intensity images while significantly completing target information from polarization images. The framework consists of a generator and two discriminators, which retain the texture and salient information as much as possible from the source images. Furthermore, attention mechanism is introduced to focus on contextual semantic information and enhance long-term dependency. For preserving salient information, a suitable loss function has been introduced to constrain the pixel-level distribution between the result and the original image. Moreover, the real scene dataset of weak targets under bright light has been built and the effects of fusion between polarization and intensity information on different weak targets have been investigated and discussed. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other methods both in subjective evaluations and objective indexes, which prove the effectiveness of achieving accurate detection of weak targets in bright light background.
One-dimensional photonic crystal with tilted termination and its angular filtering properties for radiative cooling
Authors: Bahramipour Siavash Shahriar , Askarpour Amir Nader
Published: January 2024

Photonic crystals are known for their band-gap structures. Due to their band-gaps, they can act as filters in both temporal and spatial domains. However, in most cases, due to their physical symmetry, their angular responses are symmetrical. Here, a structure based on a 1D photonic crystal is introduced and analyzed, which has an asymmetric angular selectivity. The structure is analyzed using the plane wave expansion method. The properties of the structure are expressed and verified by a commercial full-wave simulator software. Based on the analysis and its results, some simple design rules are derived. By using the extracted rules and some approximations, the potential of the structure to be used in radiative coolers, which are not completely toward the sky, is introduced. It is shown that if the structure is used as windows in buildings, it can save up to tens of watts per square meter in energy consumption for air conditioning. Finally, the whole structure including the radiative cooler is simulated, and the results support the calculations and approximations.
Fly-scan high-throughput coded ptychographic microscopy via active micro-vibration and rolling-shutter distortion correction
Authors: Guo Chengfei , Huang Yiming , Han Ruiqi , Wang Ruihai , Zhao Qianhao , Jiang Shaowei , Song Pengming , Shao Xiaopeng , Zheng Guoan
Published: January 2024

Recent advancements in ptychography have demonstrated the potential of coded ptychography (CP) for high-resolution optical imaging in a lensless configuration. However, CP suffers imaging throughput limitations due to scanning inefficiencies. To address this, we propose what we believe is a novel ‘fly-scan’ scanning strategy utilizing two eccentric rotating mass (ERM) vibration motors for high-throughput coded ptychographic microscopy. The intrinsic continuity of the ‘fly-scan’ technique effectively eliminates the scanning overhead typically encountered during data acquisition. Additionally, its randomized scanning trajectory considerably reduces periodic artifacts in image reconstruction. We also developed what we believe to be a novel rolling-shutter distortion correction algorithm to fix the rolling-shutter effects. We built up a low-cost, DIY-made prototype platform and validated our approach with various samples including a resolution target, a quantitative phase target, a thick potato sample and biospecimens. The reported platform may offer a cost-effective and turnkey solution for high-throughput bio-imaging.
The parietal cortex has a causal role in ambiguity computations in humans
Authors: Valdebenito-Oyarzo Gabriela , Martínez-Molina María Paz , Soto-Icaza Patricia , Zamorano Francisco , Figueroa-Vargas Alejandra , Larraín-Valenzuela Josefina , Stecher Ximena , Salinas César , Bastin Julien , Valero-Cabré Antoni , Polania Rafael , Billeke Pablo
Published: January 2024

Humans often face the challenge of making decisions between ambiguous options. The level of ambiguity in decision-making has been linked to activity in the parietal cortex, but its exact computational role remains elusive. To test the hypothesis that the parietal cortex plays a causal role in computing ambiguous probabilities, we conducted consecutive fMRI and TMS-EEG studies. We found that participants assigned unknown probabilities to objective probabilities, elevating the uncertainty of their decisions. Parietal cortex activity correlated with the objective degree of ambiguity and with a process that underestimates the uncertainty during decision-making. Conversely, the midcingulate cortex (MCC) encodes prediction errors and increases its connectivity with the parietal cortex during outcome processing. Disruption of the parietal activity increased the uncertainty evaluation of the options, decreasing cingulate cortex oscillations during outcome evaluation and lateral frontal oscillations related to value ambiguous probability. These results provide evidence for a causal role of the parietal cortex in computing uncertainty during ambiguous decisions made by humans.
Gender relations and decision-making on climate change adaptation in rural East African households: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Niemann Johanne , El-Mahdi Miriam , Samuelsen Helle , Tersbøl Britt Pinkowski
Published: January 2024

Background: Climatic changes are threatening rural livelihoods in East Africa. Evidence suggests that climate change adaptation in this context might reproduce inequitable intra-household gender relations and that adaptation may be more effective when women are involved in meaningful ways. Hence, a nuanced understanding of the gendered nature of intra-household adaptation decision-making is essential for gender-responsive research, policy-making and practice. This qualitative systematic review aimed to investigate how gender relations influence decision-making concerning climate change adaptation in rural East African households and how decisions about climate change adaptation influence intra-household gender dynamics, in turn. Applying qualitative meta-synthesis principles, systematic searches were conducted in 8 databases and supplemented with comprehensive hand searches. 3,662 unique hits were screened using predetermined inclusion criteria, leading to a final sample of 21 papers. Relevant findings of these studies were synthesised using inductive thematic coding, memoing and thematic analysis. While men tended to be the primary decision-makers, women exercised some decision-making power in traditionally female domains and in female-headed households. Women’s and men’s roles in intra-household adaptation decision-making appeared to be influenced by a plethora of interconnected factors, including gender norms, gendered divisions of labour and access, ownership and control over resources. Intra-household adaptation seemed to impact the dynamics between male and female household members. The pathways of this influence were complex, and the ultimate outcomes for men and women remained unclear. We discuss our findings with reference to theoretical literature on gender-transformative approaches in development and adaptation and previous research concerning the gendered nature of climate change adaptation in East Africa. We then discuss implications for gender-responsive adaptation interventions.
Large scale sequence-based screen for recessive variants allows for identification and monitoring of rare deleterious variants in pigs
Authors: Boshove Anne , Derks Martijn F. L. , Sevillano Claudia A. , Lopes Marcos S. , van Son Maren , Knol Egbert F. , Dibbits Bert , Harlizius Barbara
Published: January 2024

Most deleterious variants are recessive and segregate at relatively low frequency. Therefore, high sample sizes are required to identify these variants. In this study we report a large-scale sequence based genome-wide association study (GWAS) in pigs, with a total of 120,000 Large White and 80,000 Synthetic breed animals imputed to sequence using a reference population of approximately 1,100 whole genome sequenced pigs. We imputed over 20 million variants with high accuracies (R2>0.9) even for low frequency variants (1–5% minor allele frequency). This sequence-based analysis revealed a total of 14 additive and 9 non-additive significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for growth rate and backfat thickness. With the non-additive (recessive) model, we identified a deleterious missense SNP in the CDHR2 gene reducing growth rate and backfat in homozygous Large White animals. For the Synthetic breed, we revealed a QTL on chromosome 15 with a frameshift variant in the OBSL1 gene. This QTL has a major impact on both growth rate and backfat, resembling human 3M-syndrome 2 which is related to the same gene. With the additive model, we confirmed known QTLs on chromosomes 1 and 5 for both breeds, including variants in the MC4R and CCND2 genes. On chromosome 1, we disentangled a complex QTL region with multiple variants affecting both traits, harboring 4 independent QTLs in the span of 5 Mb. Together we present a large scale sequence-based association study that provides a key resource to scan for novel variants at high resolution for breeding and to further reduce the frequency of deleterious alleles at an early stage in the breeding program.