bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do oxidized zirconium heads decrease tribocorrosion in total hip arthroplasty?
Authors: Hampton C. , Weitzler L. , Baral E. , Wright T. M. , Bostrom M. P. G.
Published: March 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate fretting and corrosion in retrieved oxidized zirconium (OxZr; OXINIUM, Smith & Nephew, Memphis, Tennessee) femoral heads and compare the results with those from a matched cohort of cobalt-chromium (CoCr) femoral heads.

Patients and Methods

A total of 28 OxZr femoral heads were retrieved during revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) and matched to 28 retrieved CoCr heads according to patient demographics. The mean age at index was 56 years (46 to 83) in the OxZr group and 70 years (46 to 92) in the CoCr group. Fretting and corrosion scores of the female taper of the heads were measured according to the modified Goldberg scoring method.

Results

The OxZr-retrieved femoral heads showed significantly lower mean corrosion scores than the CoCr heads (1.3 (1 to 2.75) vs 2.1 (1 to 4); p < 0.01). Mean fretting scores were also significantly lower in the OxZr cohort when compared with the CoCr cohort (1.3 (1 to 2) vs 1.5 (1 to 2.25); p = 0.02). OxZr heads had more damage in the proximal region compared with the distal region of the head. Location had no impact on damage of CoCr heads. A trend towards increased corrosion in large heads was seen only in the CoCr heads, although this was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Retrieval analysis of OxZr femoral heads showed a decreased amount of fretting and corrosion compared with CoCr femoral heads. OxZr seems to be effective at reducing taper damage. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:386–389.
Impact of the green revolution on the gender’s role in wet rice farming: A case study in Karangwangi Village, Cianjur District, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: PARTASASMITA RUHYAT , ISKANDAR BUDIAWATI S. , NURAENI SITI , ISKANDAR JOHAN
Published: March 2019

Partasasmita R, Iskandar BS, Nuraeni S, Iskandar J. 2019. Impact of the green revolution on the gender’s role in wet rice farming: A case study in Karangwangi Village, Cianjur District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 23-36. The wet rice farming (sawah) is very complex that is determined by ecological and social economic and cultural factors, including soil conditions, water availability, weather and climate, population, local knowledge, beliefs, technology, and economy. In addition, wet rice farming is determined by the government policy and market economy. In the past, the Sundanese rural people of West Java practiced the wet rice farming based on the local knowledge or traditional ecological knowledge which is strongly embedded with local tradition, and division of labor based on the gender. Traditionally, most inputs of the wet rice farming, including rice seeds, organic fertilizer, and biopesticides were provided by internal resources of rural ecosystem. Both male and female farmers intensively involved in various t wet rice farming activities based on the gender which is embedded by local tradition. For example, female farmers involved work in various activities that do not need energy but need to be careful and diligent, including the selection of rice seeds. Conversely, some works, including hoeing and plowing, were undertaken by male farmers. In the late 1960s, the Indonesian government modernized the wet rice farming through the Green Revolution program. Consequently, most rural farmers of West Java adopted this program. This research aimed to elucidate the impact of the Green Revolution program on the wet rice farming activities of Karangwangi village, Cianjur, West Java based on the gender issue. Aqualitative method with an ethnoecological approach was used in this study, while some techniques including observation, participant observation, and semi-structured interview were applied in this research. Thestudy result shows that in the past the wet rice cultivation of Karangwangi was traditionally carried out based on the local knowledge and embedded with local cultures, including traditional beliefs. Various activities of each stage of the wet rice farming were undertaken by male and female farmers based on gender and strongly embed by local tradition. By introduction of the Green Revolution, the female farmers have still involved in various activities of the wet rice farming. However, some female activities, including observation of star in the sky, rice seed selection, and ponding of rice grains of post-harvesting have been lost due to the introduction of the Green Revolution.
Typology of native species as the shade tree for merbau (Intsia bijuga) plantations in Papua, Indonesia based on ecological species group
Authors: SIRAMI ELIESER VIKTOR , MARSONO DJOKO , SADONO RONGGO , SADONO RONGGO , IMRON MUHAMMAD ALI
Published: March 2019

Sirami EV, Marsono Dj, Sadono R, Imron MA. 2019. Typology of native species as the shade tree for merbau (Intsia bijuga) plantations in Papua, Indonesia based on ecological species group. Biodiversitas 20: 43-53. Ecological species group is an ecological principle that can be used as a reference in determining the potential native tree species of Papua as the shade trees for merbau in the mixed forest plantations. This research was conducted to identify the potential native trees as the shade for merbau plantation in Papua. The data collection used systematic line technique with hypothetical plot and sampling tree as the plot center. The Dice Index was used to analyze the level of association between merbau and the neighboring trees as well as to serve as a basis for determining ESG and Important Value Index was used to analyze the level of tree dominance. The main potential shade trees consisting of Pometia coriacea Radlk., Lepiniopsis ternatensi Valeton, Spathiostemon javensis Blume, Palaquium amboinense Burck., and Pimelodendron amboinicum Hassk. Whereas complementary and alternative potential shade consisting of Haplolobus lanceolatus H.J.Lam ex Leenh, Haplolobus celebicus H.J.Lam, Horsfieldia laevigata Warb., Horsfieldia irya (Gaertn.)Warb. Prunus costata Kalkman, Sterculia macrophylla Vent., Dysoxylum mollissimum Blume, Pertusadina multifolia (Havil.) Ridsdale, Streblus elongatus (Miq.) Corner and Geijera salicifolia Schott. The main shade trees possessed a main function for rendering shade toward younger merbau in the plantation area. Meanwhile, complementary and alternative shade trees were intended for increasing soil nutrient availability and optimizing microclimate surround merbau seedlings.
Expression of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) polyisoprenoids in response to Ganoderma boninense infection
Authors: AFANDI DADANG , BASYUNI MOHAMMAD , PUTRI LOLLIE AGUSTINA P. , CHALIL DIANA , SYAHPUTRA INDRA
Published: March 2019

Afandi D, Basyuni M, Putri LAP, Chalil D, Syahputra I. 2019. Expression of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) polyisoprenoids in response to Ganoderma boninense infection. Biodiversitas 20: 68-76. Currently, oil palm is an important economic crop and has become one of the world's major vegetable oils as well as a potential source of biodiesel. Unfortunately, oil palm plantations in Asia, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia face the threat of basal stem root diseases caused by Ganoderma sp. Various methods and approaches have been made to select the oil palm that is tolerant to Ganoderma boninense, among others using biochemical selection. This research aimed to analyze polyisoprenoids expressionof oil palm tolerant to G. boninense using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D-TLC). The plant material used in this trial weretwo cross-series of genetic materials belonging to PT Socfindo, that were known to have certain levelsof tolerance to G. boninense. The first wasa cross-series of 15-year-old oil palm in the field, and the secondwasa new cross-series for an early detection in the nursery stage. The results showed that there werediversitiesin the expression of polyisoprenoids between tissues, treatments, and level of tolerance. Polyprenols with a chain length of C45-C65 and dolichols of C45-C55were detected in the leaf tissue but not found in the root tissue. Polyprenols with a carbon chain length of C80-C100 occurred in infected palm root tissue but did not in the healthy oil palm. The increase of polyisoprenoid (polyprenol and dolichol) in infected and inoculated root tissues it is presumablydue to the plant biochemical response to the presence of G. boninense attack. Cluster analysis demonstrated distinct groups of polyisoprenoid carbon-chains betweenroot and leaf tissues of oil palm mature and seedling. Interestingly, in the absence of G. boninense infection, the polyisoprenoid carbon chain pattern in the tolerant oil palm seedlingroot tissue is different from that in the susceptible seedlings. Thus, the polyisoprenoid carbon chain pattern can be considered as a potential biochemical marker for the screening of oil palm tolerance to G. boninense.
Characteristics and causes of forest and land fires in Kapuas District, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: THOHA ACHMAD SIDDIK , SAHARJO BAMBANG HERO , BOER RIZALDI , ARDIANSYAH MUHAMMAD
Published: March 2019

Thoha AS, Saharjo BH, Boer R, Ardiansyah M. 2019. Characteristics and causes of forest and land fires in Kapuas District, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 110-117. Forest and land fire occurs almost every year in Indonesia. Its impact is very harmful for human and environment. Developing a program in fire management requires identification of forest and land fire characteristics and its causes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the characteristics and causes of forest and land fire in Kapuas District Central Kalimantan Province. Spatial analysis of hotspots with rainfall was used to determine temporal distribution of fire. Spatial distribution between hotspot and causative factors was determined to identify spatial characteristics of fires. Increasing number of hotspots occurs when monthly rainfall decreases. Most high fire activities are located in peatland, swamp shrubs, close to road, close to river and far away from villages. Fire causes from human activities mostly originated from swamp shrub burning and land clearing for farming. Hotspot density has various relationship with peat depth, land cover, accessibility, and human activities.
Folic acid content and fruit characteristics of five Indonesian dessert banana cultivars
Authors: NINGSIH RITA , MEGIA RITA
Published: March 2019

Ningsih R, Megia R. 2019. Folic acid content and fruit characteristics of five Indonesian dessert banana cultivars. Biodiversitas 20: 144-151. Folic acid plays an important role in the many metabolic functions of organism, especially pregnant women. Whereas banana is a fruit that rich in nutrients, high productivity, high diversity, well known, and widely consumed in many countries and by various communities from infants to elderly. The research aimed to analyze folic acid content and describe the morphology of mature fruits at three different genomic groups of five Indonesian dessert banana cultivars namely Ambon Kuning (AAA), Ambon Lumut (AAA), Raja Sereh (AAB), Raja Bulu (AAB), and Lampung (AA). The folic acid content of fruit was analyzed using HPLC equipped with a UV-vis detector. Fruit characters were analyzed based on 21 descriptors then subjected to clustering analysis. The result shows that folic acid content of mature stage was 22.26; 21.39; 22.59; 21.2; and 24.58 μg/100 g fresh weight for those five banana cultivars respectively. Lampung cultivar showed the highest value. Analysis of variance followed by DMRT at 5% probability showed that folic acid, bunch weight, fruit weight, and fruit length were significantly diverse among those five cultivars. Clustering analyses revealed that two groups were formed. The first comprises of Ambon Kuning and Ambon Lumut while the second of Raja Sereh, Lampung, and Raja Bulu. Lampung cultivar was closely related to Raja Sereh than the other cultivars. Adjusted Rand Index analyzed concluded that the immature peel color, mature pulp color, and predominant taste were the best distinctive characters. This knowledge can be used as a consideration for the plant breeding program especially in nutrition improvement.
Local wisdom of Talang Mamak Tribe, Riau, Indonesia in supporting sustainable bioresource utilization
Authors: WAHYU TITISARI PRIMA , ELFIS ELFIS , SAFITRI ZEN IRINA , KHAIRANI KHAIRANI , JANNA NADIATUL , SUHARNI NUNUT , PERMATA SARI TIKA
Published: March 2019

Titisari PW, Elfis, Zen IS, Khairani, Janna N, Suharni N, Sari TP. 2019. Local wisdom of Talang Mamak Tribe, Riau, Indonesia in supporting sustainable bioresource utilization. Biodiversitas 20: 190-197. Study the Talang Mamak tribe is an isolated community that lives traditionally in the downstream Indragiri River, Riau Province, Indonesia. This tribe is one of the oldest Malay tribes (Proto Malay), relatively still maintaining hunting and gathering mode of life even though now some of them began to settle and farm. The study aims to identify their local wisdom and analyze it in the context of bioresource utilization to sustain their living needs. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and triangulation. The informants to be interviewed were selected using purposive sampling. The study showed that the local wisdom of Talang Mamak Tribe had sustainable dimension in managing bioresources which inherited from their ancestors. This cultural heritage guides the community to always live in harmony with the universe which is reflected in ritual activities such as melambas and basolang menugal (clearing land for farming), manumbai (harvesting timber from the forest) and manjumbai (harvesting honey). Sociologically, the traditions or customs carried out by the Talang Mamak tribe are an effort to preserve and maintain bioresource, so as to create a balance of relations between humans and nature.
Distribution and habitat preferences of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Riau, Indonesia
Authors: WISHNU SUKMANTORO YOHANES , S. ALIKODRA HADI , P. KARTONO AGUS , EFRANSJAH EFRANSJAH
Published: March 2019

Sukmantoro YW, Alikodra HS, Kartono AP, Efransjah. 2019. Distribution and habitat preferences of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 226-235. The research on elephant distribution and habitat preference was carried out in two locations Balai Raja and Tesso Nilo, Riau Province, Indonesia on 2012-2016. Three GPS Collars were installed on one individual adult female at Balai Raja (Desma) and two individuals at Tesso Nilo (Angelina and Butet). For the elephants’ habitat, the forest cover identification was performed by spectral color analysis on the 8 ETM+ Landsat images and resulted in land cover detail on MCP (Minimum Convex Polygon), and 50% and 95% fix kernel density of movement of the elephant including in the morning, the day and the night. Based on MCP estimation, Desma habitat area was 328.86 km2, while Angelina and Butet were 632.57 km2 and 701.60 km2, respectively. Land cover in MCP indicated that the oil palm, mixed agriculture, and rubber were dominantly areas used by Desma, while acacia, forest and oil palm plantation were dominantly area used by Angelina and Butet. In habitat preferences, Desma preferred forests and swamp areas to day activity. However, Angelina and Butet selected acacia plantation, forest, infrastructures such as the mills and land opening as the location of movement. Water bodies and shrub were not widely used for the elephants’ activities. This study indicated that the pattern of habitat selection is a strategy for elephants to avoid conflict with the human. Although resources are limited, the habitat selection can reduce conflict incidence.
Body size characteristics and polymorphism in GH and GHRH genes of Simeulue Buffalo of Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: ERIANI KARTINI , RAHMI RAHMI , JAMIL IKHWAN , ROSNIZAR ROSNIZAR , AZHAR AL
Published: March 2019

Eriani K, Rahmi R, Jamil I, Rosnizar R, Azhar A. 2019. Body size characteristics and polymorphism in GH and GHRH genes of Simeulue Buffalo of Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 236-242. This study was done to determine body size characteristics, to identify the presence of polymorphism in the GH/MspI and GHRH/HaeIII genes, and to analyze the relationship between GH and GHRH gene polymorphisms to body size characteristics in Simeulue buffalo. Experimental animals used were 45 Simeulue buffalo randomly sampled from three subdistricts, i.e., Salang, Alafan and Simeulue Cut, fifteen from each subdistrict. Body size characteristics measured were withered height, body length, chest circumference, chest depth, and hip height. A 5 mL whole blood was collected from fifteen out of forty five by using EDTA as an anticoagulant. Extraction of genomic DNA and analysis of GH/MspI and GHRH/HaeIII polymorphisms was done using GeneAid DNA extraction kit and polymerase chain reaction-restriction length fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, respectively. The data of body size characteristics which includes mean value, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation were analyzed descriptively. The molecular data represented by DNA banding pattern was used to calculate allele and genotype frequencies, expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosities, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The relationship between genotype and body size characteristic was analyzed using t-test. The results showed that coefficient of variation in body size characteristics was low, ranging from 5.39-16.06% in the age category of 4-6 years old and ranging from 5.25-11.27% in the age category of 2- 4 years old. The results of the molecular analysis indicated that GH/MspI locus was monomorphic by the presence of one (+/+) genotype. GHRH/HaeIII locus was polymorphic as shown by the presence of 3 genotypes namely AA (0.13), AB (0.80) and BB (0.07). Expected heterozygosity (0.80) was higher than observed heterozygosity (0.49). The frequency of GHRH/HaeIII agreed with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. GHRH/HaeIII polymorphism did not significantly influence (P>0.05) body size characteristics of Simeulue buffalo.
Terrestrial gastropod diversity, distribution and abundance in areas with and without anthropogenic disturbances, Northeast Algeria
Authors: BELHIOUANI HADJER , EL-HADEF EL-OKKI MOHAMED , AFRI-MEHENNAOUI FATIMA-ZOHRA , SAHLI LEILA
Published: March 2019

Belhiouani H, El-Hadef El-Okki M, Afri-Mehennaoui FZ, Sahli L. 2019. Terrestrial gastropod diversity, distribution and abundance in areas with and without anthropogenic disturbances. Biodiversitas 20: 243-249. The objective of this study was to establish an inventory of terrestrial gastropods from different sites in the northeast of Algeria. Several points were sampled from five various areas relatively affected by human activity. Areas prospected were an industrial area (El-Hadjar, Annaba), a mining area (Djebel Hamimat, Oum-El-Bouaghi), an urban area (B’kira, Constantine), a mountainous area (Ibn Ziad, Constantine) and a sub-mountainous area (Ibn Badis, Constantine). A total of 11 species and 2632 individual land snails belonging to six molluscan families (Helicidae, Hygromiidae, Sphincterochilidae, Achatinidae, Enidae, and Pomatiidae) and 10 genera were found in all habitats. The highest density was recorded in the mountainous area with 1270 individuals and 10 species, whereas the lowest value was recorded in the mining and the industrial areas with 3 and 4 species respectively. The malacofaunal diversity was also determined, Shannon’s index, Simpson’s index, and equitability index are higher in the mountainous zone of Ibn Ziad with 1.87, 0.82 and 0.78 respectively, and lower in the mining area of Djebel Hamimat, with 0.60, 0.33, and 0.54. The dispersion and density of species appear to be contingent upon several factors among which soil properties, height, climate conditions and certainly anthropogenic disturbance.
Comparative study of floristic diversity along altitude in the northern slope of the central Alborz Mountains, Iran
Authors: MORADI HALIME , ATTAR FARIDEH
Published: March 2019

Moradi H, Attar F. 2019. Comparative study of floristic diversity along altitude in the northern slope of the central Alborz Mountains, Iran. Biodiversitas 20: 305-312. The Alborz is one of two main mountain chains in the north of Iran. The flora and vegetation of the sub-alpine and alpine zone of the central Alborz are less known comparing to the vegetation of lower altitudes with Hyrcanain forests. In this study, floristic composition and life-form spectra were investigated along an altitudinal transect ranging from 2000 m to the alpine and sub-nival peak of Mt. Rostam-Nisht at 4500 m. We compared the floristic diversity of the studied transect with the data obtained from an earlier studied transect in Kheyrud forest. A total of 299 taxa were found in the survey which showed high species diversity in the area. In addition, our results showed remarkable difference in life form categories between lower altitudes (Hyrcanian forests) and sub-alpine and alpine zones.
Species diversity of Orchids in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: MUNAWAROH ESTI , YUZAMMI YUZAMMI
Published: March 2019

Munawaroh E, Yuzammi. 2019. Species diversity of Orchids in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: xxxx. Orchids, belonging to the family Orchidaceae, are well known ornamental plants due to their beautiful flowers and varied colors. The members of this family have received more scientific attention than other plant families because of their unique botanical features and economic value. This study was conducted to explore and record the species diversity of Orchidaceae in Sumatera, especially in the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP), Lampung, Indonesia. This research was carried out from 2011 to 2014 at four locations, namely Kubu Perahu Resort, Sukaraja Atas Resort, Pugung Tampak Resort and Sekincau Resort, using purposive sampling method. A total of 132 species belonging to 52 genera of orchids have been identified from BBSNP, Lampung, of which 37 genera are epiphytic orchids and 15 genera are terrestrial orchids. Two species namely, Vanda sumatrana and Grammatophyllum speciosum, have been recognized as protected species. Vanda sumatrana is also endemic to Sumatera. These orchids are also cultivated at Liwa Botanic Garden, as an ex situ conservation.
Analysis of land use change and its relation to land potential and elephant habitat at Besitang Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: KUSWANDA WANDA , DANY SUNANDAR AHMAD
Published: March 2019

Kuswanda W, Sunandar AD. 2019. Analysis of land use change and its relation to land potential and elephant habitat at Besitang Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 350-358. Land use change from forest into plantation at a watershed could be detrimental both for humans and wildlife. This study was aimed to analyze land use change and its impact on the habitat potential of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck, 1857) in the upstream of Besitang Watershed located at Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP), North Sumatra, Indonesia. The study was conducted from April to November 2015. Data collection was made through land cover map analysis, ground check and vegetation analysis using strip transect method. Land use change was analyzed using ArcView 3.2 software, species diversity was calculated using Shannon-Weiner formula and community evenness indices. Based on map delineation, total extent of Besitang Watershed is about 95,428 hectares. The analysis results showed that, in the past 25 years, about 15,989 hectares of land was changed from forests and farms to monoculture plantations. These changes have caused conflicts and threatened elephant population. As many as 168 species of plants were identified during vegetation analysis in the three study locations, namely Bukit Mas primary forest (88 species), Sekundur mixed secondary forest (91 species) and Halaban secondary forest (68 species). Average Importance Value Index (IVI) was below 40% which indicates that there are no dominant plant species. Tree density was between 360 and 497,5 individual/ha, sapling density was between 2,640 and 4,680 individual/ha, and density of seedling and understory plants was between 27,750 and 38,500 individual/ha. Species diversity index for each plant growth stage was relatively high (H’>3) and the similarity of plant species across locations was generally low (IS = <50%). Analysis of the correlation between land cover differences and habitat features showed statistically significant effects on species density and frequency. The highest effect of land cover change is on species density with the correlation reaching 94.5%. Forests in GLNP will be able to regenerate naturally to reach a stable state if there is no more land clearing to raise plantations.
Physiological status of high and low metabolism Hevea clones in the difference stage of tapping panel dryness
Authors: TISTAMA RADITE , ARISMA SIREGAR MAWADDAH PUTRI , ADE-FIPRIANI LUBIS , JUNAIDI JUNAIDI
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Tristama R, Mawaddah PAS, Ade-Fipriani L, Junaidi. 2019. Physiological status of high and low metabolism Hevea clones in the difference stage of tapping panel dryness. Biodiversitas 20: 367-373. Tapping panel dryness (TPD) caused productivity of rubber trees drop sharply. However, the increase of TPD stage has not been completely elucidated, especially in physiological aspects. TPD incident was higher occurred in high metabolism than low metabolism clones. The incident has been classified based on visual observation. This research aimed to explore the physiological characters to identifying the physiological changes of each TPD stage in the two metabolism types of rubber clones, IRR 42 (low metabolism) and IRR 118 (high metabolism). The physiological parameters such as thiol, Pi content and peroxidase activity were specifically in each clone and the tissue types (bark or laticifer). The physiological pattern of IRR 42 was a difference with that of IRR 118 for the increase of the TPD stages. Phosphate inorganic content in the latex and bark were a decline in the TPD affected trees, whereas the sucrose content was relatively constant. The pattern of changes of thiol content in IRR 42 was reverse with IRR 118, both in the latex or bark tissue. Peroxidases activity in the latex and bark negatively correlated with the TPD stage. The decline of Pi and peroxidase activity can be used to identify the TPD incident in rubber trees.
Salinity and subsequent freshwater influences on the growth, biomass, and polyisoprenoids distribution of Rhizophora apiculata seedlings
Authors: BASYUNI MOHAMMAD , WASILAH MASRIDA , ANJELISA ZAITUN HASIBUAN POPPY , SULISTIYONO NURDIN , SUMARDI SUMARDI , BIMANTARA YUNTHA , HAYATI RAHMAH , SAGAMI HIROSHI , OKU HIROSUKE
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Basyuni M, Wasilah M, Hasibuan PAZ, Sulistiyono N, Sumardi, Bimantara Y, Hayati R, Sagami H, Oku H. 2019. Salinity and subsequent freshwater influences on the growth, biomass, and polyisoprenoids distribution of Rhizophora apiculata seedlings. Biodiversitas 20: 388-395. This study described the growth, biomass, and polyisoprenoids (polyprenol and dolichol) distribution of Rhizophora apiculata seedlings under saline and subsequent fresh water treatment. Propagules of R. apiculata were collected from Pulau Sembilan, Langkat, North Sumatra and were grown in 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 3.0% salt concentrations for three months. After three months planted in a glass house, R. apiculata seedlings were divided into two groups and grown for another three months. The first group was continuously grown under the saline condition and the second was moved to fresh water to recover from the saline condition. The leaves, stems, and roots of R. apiculata seedlings were harvested after six months of cultivation. Polyisoprenoids alcohol was isolated from the leaves and roots of R. apiculata seedlings and analyzed using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. Growth parameters measured were height and diameter of R. apiculata seedlings. The height of R. apiculata seedlings was significantly affected by salinity levels of 2.0%, 3.0% and 3.0% → 0.0%. The arrow (→) denoted fresh water recovery treatment. The best height and diameter of R. apiculata seedlings were observed in 0.5% salt concentration. Salinity treatment and re-adaptation into freshwater significantly influenced the leaves area (2.0%, 3.0% and 3.0% → 0.0%), fresh weight of stem (3.0% and 3% → 0.0%) and stem dry weight (3% → 0.0%). Distribution of polyprenols and dolichols in the leaves and roots of R. apiculata seedlings were categorized as type I, where dolichol was dominant over polyprenol. Under salinity and subsequent fresh water recovery treatments (0.0%, 1.5%, 1.5% → 0.0%, 3.0%, and 3.0% → 0.0%), the carbon chain length of dolichol in the leaves and in the roots was, respectively, C85-C100, C85-C100, C85-C105, C85-C100, C85-C95 and C85-C105, C85-C105, C85-C105, C85-C110, C85-C100. These data suggested the significant role of polyisoprenoids in mangrove plants to withstand salt stress and or water stress.
Short Communication: Carbon sequestration by young Rhizophora apiculata plants in Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: WIARTA RINTO , INDRAYANI YULIATI , MULIA FAIRUZ , ASTIANI DWI
Published: March 2019

Wiarta R, Indrayani Y, Mulia F, Astiani D. 2019. Short Communication: Carbon sequestration by young Rhizophora apiculata plants in Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 311-315. Mangrove forest ecosystem has been known for its roles in buffering coastal abrasions and being a reservoir for seafood production. However, very little information is available on its role in sequestering carbon and how its annual growth ability can benefit climate change mitigation. This study aims to determine carbon storage and sequestration by one, three and five-year-old Rhizophora apiculata Blume planted in PT. Ovivipari Bina Semesta (PT. BIOS). This study was conducted for over five months during 2015-2016, in purposively selected mangrove rehabilitation area. It used both harvestings as well as non-harvesting methods for estimation of carbon stock and carbon sequestration. The results show that the mangrove species has a very high ability to sequester carbon per unit area. The amount of carbon stored in plants aged 1 year, 3 years and 5 years were 0.363 tonnes ha-1, 5,591 tonnes ha-1 and 7,240 tons ha-1, respectively. The study also indicated that the carbon stock values obtained by non-harvesting method using allometric equation were higher than the values obtained by harvesting method.
Molecular and physiological characterization of indigenous copper-resistant bacteria from Cikapundung River, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: IRAWATI WAHYU , PANGIHUTAN OMPUSUNGGU NOMMENSEN , NINGSIH SUSILOWATI DWI , YUWONO TRIWIBOWO
Published: March 2019

Irawati W, Ompusunggu NP, Susilowati DN, Yuwono T. 2019. Molecular and physiological characterization of indigenous copper-resistant bacteria from Cikapundung River, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 344-349. The use of indigenous bacteria as bioremediation agents in wastewater treatments plant is a promising solution for tackling the environmental problem. The objectives of this research were to establish the phylogenetic tree and physiological characterization of copper-resistant bacteria isolated from Cikapundung River, West Java, Indonesia. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 16S rDNA sequences. Physiological characterization including growth and the potency of bacterial strain for copper accumulation and copper removal was also studied. Five highly copper-resistant bacteria designated as strains CN1, CN2, CN5, CN6, and CN8 have been isolated from Cikapundung river with the MICs (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of 5 mM-8mM. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that strains CN1 and CN6 belong to Klebsiella pneumoniae with the similarity of 99%. Meanwhile, strain CN2, CN5, and CN8 belong to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Acinetobacter sp. and Escherichia coli with the similarity of 99%, 96%, and 95%, respectively. The highest resistant bacterial isolates were strains CN6 and CN8 with the MICs of 8 mM. The highest accumulation capability was found in strain CN1 with a total of 4.62 mg/g dry weight of cells. Meanwhile, strain CN8 demonstrated the highest copper removal with the value of 48.15%.
Cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA characteristic from non-invasive samples of wild population Javan Banteng (Bos javanicus d’Alton, 1823)
Authors: QIPTIYAH MARYATUL , PUDYATMOKO SATYAWAN , WIDYATMOKO AYPBC , ALI IMRON MUHAMMAD , NURTJAHJANINGSIH ILG
Published: March 2019

Qiptiyah M, Pudyatmoko S, Widyatmoko AYPBC, Nurtjahjaningsih ILG, Imron MA. 2019. Cytochrome-b mitochondrial DNA characteristic from non-invasive samples of wild population Javan Banteng (Bos javanicus d’Alton, 1823). Biodiversitas 20: 350-355. Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) is one of the protected big mammals in Indonesia, due to its population decline. The main populations of Javan banteng are currently in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), Alas Purwo National Park (APNP), Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP) and Baluran National Park (BNP). These four remaining populations are fragmented with wide geographical distances. Population reduction and fragmentation between populations can promote depletion of genetic characters. This study aim to examine the genetic characteristics of Javan banteng based on cytochrome b region of mitochondrial DNA. Genetic materials were obtained by a non-invasive method (feces) from four national parks in Java.The sequencing results were aligned with cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA sequences from the other banteng (B. j. lowi and B. j. birmanicus) from the GeneBank sequence database. The results from this study revealed that the genetic distance of Javan banteng between UKNP, APNP, and BNP were 0, while the genetic distance between these populations with MBNP was 0.005. Moreover, the population of MBNP has only one haplotype that does not exist in the other populations. Based on these results, there should be caution in conducting genetic infusion of Javan banteng in their natural populations, especially in Meru Betiri National Park.
Floral structure and genetical differences of sandalwood variants in Gunung Sewu (Java, Indonesia), and its effects on breeding systems and reproductive ability
Authors: W.N. RATNANINGRUM YENI , KURNIAWAN AFFAN
Published: March 2019

Ratnaningrum YWN, Kurniawan A. 2019. Floral structure and genetical differences of sandalwood variants in Gunung Sewu (Java, Indonesia), and its effects on breeding systems and reproductive ability. Biodiversitas 20: 393-404. Our preliminary studies reported that the failure on rehabilitation program of sandalwood, an endangered endemic species in Indonesia, was caused by low viability and survival due to reproductive failure. New sandalwood landraces in Gunung Sewu Geopark, Java island consist of three variants (YBF, refers to "yellow big flower"; RBF, "red big flower"; and RSF, "red small flower") differed by floral structures. This study was made on three sandalwood variants grew in four landraces representing landscape zones in Gunung Sewu, from April to September 2017 flowering season. This advanced study was aimed to estimate the differences in floral structures and genetic diversity among variants, and their effects on breeding systems and reproductive ability. Floral organ measurements were made on each variant. Isoenzyme analysis was conducted to estimate the genetic diversity of each variant and in each site. Mating systems were estimated by Index of Incompatibility (ISI) and Cruden's Out Crossing Index (OCI) methods. Reproductive ability was measured by counting Pollination Effectiveness, Reproductive Success and seed viability. Results found that six loci were polymorphic in most of sites and variants, with exception for Petir and Bejiharjo sites and YBF variant. Observed heterozygosity varied with sites but was similar among variants. Some of diversity existed among both sites and variants. The OCI value scored more than 3 for all variants, indicating an outbreeding mating system. RSF showed higher OCI value compared to both RBF and YBF. Bleberan and Nglanggeran, the outcrossed and completely self-incompatible populations (ISI = 0), failed to produce selfed seeds. In such highly outcrossing, self-incompatible populations, the highest seed set was gained from intraspecific-crossed pollination. Contrastly, the inbreeding and self-compatible populations (ISI = 3 to ∞), Petir and Bejiharjo, tended to alter its matting system to be more inbreeding. Reproductive ability differed by sites but was similar among variants.
Short Communication: Landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis of wings to distinguish the sex of Aedes mosquito vectors in Thailand
Authors: CHAIPHONGPACHARA TANAWAT , LAOJUN SEDTHAPONG
Published: March 2019

Chaiphongpachara T, Laojun S. 2019. Short Communication: Landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis of wings to distinguish the sex of Aedes mosquito vectors in Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 419-424. Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are medically important insects which are vectors of yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, West Nile, and the Zika virus, emerging problems worldwide. Typically, male (non-vector) and female (vector) Aedes mosquitoes can easily be separated, however, the samples in the field is often incomplete, making it difficult to separate male and female mosquitoes. The goal of this research is to study the effectiveness of the landmark-based geometric morphometric technique to distinguish the sex of male and female Aedes mosquito vectors, including Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Ae. scutellaris, in Thailand. Evaluation of wing size by centroid size analysis found that males and females are distinctly different; females are larger than males in three species of Aedes mosquito. The wing centroid size of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were very similar, however, Ae. scutellaris was smaller than in both other species. The wing shape between sexes was different in all groups of Aedes mosquitoes. The accuracy of the sex’s classification of Aedes vectors was quite high (more than > 80% from the cross-validated reclassification test). The results of this study prove that landmark-based geometric morphometric can distinguish sexes in Aedes vectors which can be used to solve problems in the field when it is necessary to distinguish the sexes of Aedes mosquitoes with damaged samples.
Short Communication: Variation in chemical constituent of Styrax sumatrana wood growing at different cultivation site in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: HERI ISWANTO APRI , SUHAIDA SIREGAR YENNI , SUSILOWATI ARIDA , DARWIS ATMAWI , HARTONO RUDI , WIRJOSENTONO BASUKI , HENDALASTUTI RACHMAT HENTI , HIDAYAT ASEP , FATRIASARI WIDYA
Published: March 2019

Iswanto AH, Siregar YS, Susilowati A, Darwis A, Hartono R, Wirjosentono B, Rachmat HH, Hidayat A, Fatriasari W. 2019. Variation in chemical constituent of Styrax sumatrana wood growing at different cultivation site in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 448-452. Kemenyan Toba (Styrax sumatrana) is known as endemic resin-producing trees that naturally grow in North Sumatra and distributed throughout five districts within the province. Different growing site may constitute to different characteristics of the species, e.g. morphological differences, chemical constituent, bioactive substances, etc. Different characteristics of wood chemical constituent are an important factor determining further utilization and potential use of wood in wider spectrums. Information about wood chemical constituent of Styrax sumatrana growing from different site has not been determined yet. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the characteristics of chemical constituent of Styrax sumatrana wood originated from North Tapanuli and Pakpak Bharat according to axial direction of stem (bottom, middle, and top). Chemical properties such as hollocelulose, α-cellulose, hemicellulose, Acid Soluble Lignin (ASL), acid insoluble lignin (AIL), and non-structural component (extractive content in ethanol benzene 1: 2 and ash content) were observed. Results showed that different growth location would yield in different wood chemical constituent. The wood chemical constituent from North Tapanuli and Pakpak Bharat were 52.72 and 69.80% (hollocelulose), 25.94 and 39.87% (α-cellulose), 26.78 and 29.92% (hemicellulose), 5.49 and 4.33% (Acid Soluble Lignin), 4.37 and 20.43% (Acid-Insoluble Lignin), 10.95 and 2.42% (extractive content), 1.37 and 0.8% for ash content.
Lichen diversity as indicators for monitoring ecosystem health in Rawa Danau Nature Reserve, Banten, Indonesia
Authors: KHASTINI RIDA OKTORIDA , SARI INDAH JUWITA , HERYSCA YOLA , SULASANAH SITI
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Khastini RO, Sari IJ, Herysca Y, Sulasanah S. 2018. Lichen diversity as indicators for monitoring ecosystem health in Rawa Danau Nature Reserve, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 489-496. Study on environmental changes is very important in present circumstances throughout the world. Lichen biodiversity may provide an excellent measure in bio-monitoring on the ecosystem health of nature reserve areas such as Rawa Danau in Banten Province, Indonesia. At present, this area is highly disturbed due to ecological factors and human activities such as land use for agricultural land and residential area. The objective of this research is to provide the information needed for assessing ecosystem health which will be revealed by the diversity of lichens in the study area. The study was conducted using transect-based plot in three landscapes: residential area, primary forest and secondary forest, while exploration technique was carried out in freshwater swamp area. The cover for lichen species in the substrates and the number of species present were recorded. Shannon-Wiener diversity index was also calculated. A total of 86 specimens were collected from these four areas which resulted in the occurrence of 25 species of lichens belonging to 20 genera and 14 families. Shannon-Winner’s diversity index are ranging from 1.7197 at residential area to 2.6678 at swamp area. The variation in species composition is likely associated with the abiotic and biotic factors of each landscape with the differences in lichen diversity across landscapes suggest an altered environmental condition of in Rawa Danau. The results of this study can be used as baseline information of ecosystem health of Rawa Danau Nature Reserve in the face of future environmental changes.
Medicinal Plant by Batak Toba Medicinal plants used by the Batak Toba Tribe in Peadundung Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: SILALAHI MARINA , NISYAWATI NISYAWATI , PANDIANGAN DINGSE
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Silalahi M, Nisyawati, Pandiangan D. 2019. Medicinal plants used by the Batak Toba Tribe in Peadundung Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 510-525. Research of the medicinal plants by the Toba Batak ethnic has limited, even though the globalization and modernization resulted to degradation of the local knowledge. The objectives of this study were (i) documentation of medicinal plants used in the traditional therapies by the Batak Toba tribe of Peadundung Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia, and (ii) analysing the data by quantitative ethnobotanical tools such as use value (UV), cultural significance index (CSI), relative frequency of citation (RCF) and informant consensus factor (ICF) to determine the cultural importance of medicinal plants in order to develop a tool for their conservation. Semi-structured interviews with 41 identified respondents was the methodology employed for qualitative data collection. A total of 149 medicinal species of plants, belonging to 131 genera and 55 families, were recorded in the study which are used in the treatment of 21 categories of ailments. Plants with the highest UV were Eurycoma longifolia (UV=3.44), Curcuma longa (UV=2.67) and Zingiber officinale (UV=2.60). Eight species, namely Curcuma longa, Eurycoma longifolia, Allium cepa, Psidium guajava, Aleurites moluccanus, Piper betle, Citrus hystrix and Uncaria gambir were found to be having the highest RCF value of 1.00. Eurycoma longifolia (CSI=126), Curcuma longa (CSI=112) and Zingiber officinale (CSI = 105) emerged as the culturally most significant medicinal plants. Thrush and aphrodisiac use categories received the highest ICF of 1.00 each because the informants agreed of using only a single species for each of these categories. Eurycoma longifolia was used as an aphrodisiac whereas Averrhoa carambola was used against thrush. All these important and significant plants suffer the greatest harvesting pressure, hence their conservation should be given priority.
Differential impacts of 2016 coral bleaching on coral reef benthic communities at Sekotong Bay, Lombok Barat, Indonesia
Authors: BACHTIAR IMAM , HADI TRI ARYONO
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Bachtiar I, Hadi TA. 2019. Differential impacts of 2016 coral bleaching on coral reef benthic communities at Sekotong Bay, Lombok Barat, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 570-575. Coral bleaching has been a major causal factor of coral mortality worldwide in the last two decades and it is therefore threaten food security. Understanding post-bleaching recovery is therefore very crucial to formulate strategy in promoting natural coral reef recovery. The present study documented coral reef communities both in pre- and post-bleaching event in early 2016. The results show that coral bleaching variably reduced coral and soft-coral covers. Sponge and other fauna cover considerably fluctuated. Since the individual number of soft-coral, sponge and other fauna were small, there is likely no big impact of coral bleaching. Among 12 study sites, 11 sites showed significant reduction of coral cover but one site showed only little fluctuation. Overall mean reduction of coral cover was about 18%. Consequently, algal cover increased by about 24%. The present study revealed differential coral bleaching impact between outer- and inner- reefs. At outer reefs, coral community suffered more severe mass coral mortality than those at inner reefs. This disparity is likely owing to initial coral cover and species composition of the coral communities. In the second year, there is still no visible coral recruitment from larvae. Cascade effects of land-clearing and overfishing due to increasing tourism development is very likely to be additional major stress that pause post-bleaching coral reef recovery at Sekotong Bay, Lombok Island, Indonesia.