bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETOS QUE PLANTEA LA ARMONIZACIÓN CONTABLE EN LA FRONTERA COLOMBO-VENEZOLANA, A LA FORMACIÓN DE ESTUDIANTES DE CONTADURÍA PÚBLICA DE LA REGIÓN NORORIENTAL DE COLOMBIA*
Authors: Gómez Trujillo Carlos Arturo Gmez Trujillo
Published: October 2018

Geográficamente el departamento Norte deSantander esta ubicado estratégicamente, siendoel sector fronterizo de mayor interés eimportancia para la relación bilateral,promovido y estimulado desde las regiones,Cúcuta (Colombia) y San Cristóbal (Venezuela),que se han consolidado como centros motricesde la economía regional-fronteriza; lo cual hapermitido que se configure el más importanteeje comercial transfronterizo en la subregiónandina, donde tiene lugar uno de los procesosde integración más intensos con repercusiones aescala internacional. Con el fin de explorarnuevos campos que favorezcan la formación delos profesionales del área contable, la propuestatiende a buscar espacios de estudio local,regional y binacional, ofreciendo a estudiantes yprofesionales, posibilidades de unificar sobrelos contenidos de los programas contables, quefavorezcan procesos de formación integral.
RECETAS BOYACENSES ELABORADAS CON PAPAS NATIVAS COLOMBIANAS
Authors: Ayure Diana Milena Quilaguy , Coronel Julian Alberto Chaves
Published: October 2018

La papa es uno de los productos agrícolas de alto consumo en el territorio colombiano y cuenta con una amplia gama de variedades, de las cuales solo pocas son comercializadas, consumidas o conocidas por la población en general. En el departamento de Boyacá, son cultivadas diferentes variedades de papas nativas y las personas de la región elaboran variadas recetas con este producto, lamentablemente estas no están muy difundidas en el país y muchas de estas papas son desaprovechadas por los agricultores y personas de la zona. Pensando en esto, investigadores de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina en alianza con la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria – Corpoica, desarrollaron la presente investigación, la cual tuvo como objetivo rescatar las recetas tradicionales elaboradas con papas nativas colombianas en el Departamento de Boyacá. Para esto, se realizaron unos talleres con habitantes de los municipios de Jenesano, Motavita, Toca y Ventaquemada, durante los cuales los participantes prepararon diferentes platos. A medida que se iban preparando las recetas, docentes y estudiantes entrevistaron a las personas y tomaron registro de cada uno de los platos. Como resultado, se pudo detallar la preparación de 15 diferentes platos, en los cuales, las papas nativas que se cultivan en la zona, fueron incluidas como ingrediente principal. Con el propósito de difundir estas recetas y potencializar el uso de las papas nativas, estas preparaciones serán divulgadas en un recetario.
DE UNA MANO MECÁNICA IMPRESA EN 3D A UNA PRÓTESIS MIOELÉCTRICA A BAJO COSTO (PARTE I: INTERFAZ EMG)
Authors: Gutiérrez Jesús , Calderón Ismael , Servín Rumualdo , Moreno Héctor , Barrera Mario , G. Adán Roberto
Published: October 2018

En el presente trabajo se desarrolló una interfaz mioeléctrica para controlar un prototipo de prótesis de mano impresa con tecnología 3D. Se logró adquirir y acondicionar señales electromiográficas a través de electrodos de superficie. Dicha interfaz contiene etapas de adquisición, amplificación, filtrado, rectificación y suavizado. Lo que permite obtener amplitudes de señales electromiográficas (EMG) adecuadas para su digitalización dentro de un algoritmo implementado con un microcontrolador Arduino UNO. Para las pruebas de funcionamiento se imprimió en 3D un diseño de mano mecánica (raptor hand, 2017).
INSERCIÓN DEL SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL EN EL PROGRAMA DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER OCAÑA
Authors: Cabellos Martínez Malka Irina , Arévalo Toscano Jhon
Published: October 2018

El propósito de este trabajo consiste en realizar una propuesta para la inserción  del Sistema de Gestión Ambiental en el programa de Ingeniería Mecánica de La Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, con el fin de identificar los criterios y determinar  los parámetros definidos  para la aplicación de la responsabilidad social universitaria en el aspecto ambiental desde el plan de estudios. Para tal fin, se implementa una investigación con un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo que permitirá caracterizar para el programa académico a través de analizar la variable ambiental de la responsabilidad social universitaria para obtener una propuesta  del Sistema de Gestión Ambiental (SIGA) en el Programa de Ingeniería Mecánica de  la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña enfocado al uso eficiente de la energía y cuidado del medio ambiente. El presente trabajo  incluye el análisis de la estructura organizada, responsabilidades, planificación de las actividades, prácticas, procedimientos, procesos y los recursos para desarrollar, implantar  y mantener al día la política medioambiental  de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña a través del programa de Ingeniería Mecánica. En este sentido, se esperan contar con una caracterización que permita validar el Sistema de Gestión Ambiental, y  así consolidar como los Sistemas de Gestión Ambiental deben ser apropiados a la naturaleza e impactos medioambientales de  sus actividades, productos y servicios; para que el programa de Ingeniería Mecánica tenga un compromiso de mejora continua y de prevención de la contaminación en un marco adecuado para el establecimiento y revisión de los objetivos y metas medioambientales de la institución.
Discurso e información. El estatuto del discurso de la información y el rol de los lectores en la coproducción de sentidos del discurso mediático
Authors: Valentino Alejandra , Fino Claudia
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo esboza la propuesta de diseño teórico metodológico desarrollada en el marco de un proyecto de investigación que propone el análisis y la desnaturalización del discurso de la información inscripto en el discurso social. Se problematiza el rol de los lectores / espectadores como coproductores de la significación de los contenidos mediáticos a partir del estudio de los comentarios en diferentes portales digitales. El enfoque del discurso resitúa el modo de pensar estas formaciones ideológicas y destierra una manera de entender la información como aséptica y objetiva.
Code Mixing Used in the Utterances of Arab Descent Students in Surakarta, Indonesia (Sociolinguistics Study)
Authors: Mifta Nur’aını Hesti Indah , Slamet St Y , Setıawan Budhi
Published: October 2018

Arab descent students in Surakarta Indonesia are bilingual society. Bilingual society or multilingual often insert several other language vocabulary in their daily communication, thus code-mixing occurred. This study aims to describe the form of code mixing in speech language used by students of Arab descent in the realm of education and its contributing factors. This research employed descriptive qualitative method. The data of the research was Arab descent students’ utterances in Diponegoro Islamic High School, Surakarta. The utterances could be in the form of conversation among students and between teachers and students. The techniques of data collection were competent involvement techniques, recording techniques, and note-taking techniques. The technique of data analysis in this study used a matching technique. The technique of data validity was member checking to the participants in order to valid the data. Based on the results of data analysis which consist of seven utterances showed that code mixing occurred in word and phrase from Javanese, Arabic, English into Indonesian Language. This is influenced by several factors including language majority, speech partners, mother tongue, and education
Evaluation of liver lesions by use of shear wave elastography and computed tomography perfusion imaging after radiofrequency ablation in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Lee Dahae , Park Seungjo , Ang Mary Jasmin C. , Park Jun-Gyu , Yoon Sooa , Kim Cheolhyun , Lee Sang-kwon , Cho Kyoung-oh , Choi Jihye
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE To evaluate acute changes of the liver by use of shear wave elastography (SWE) and CT perfusion after radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

ANIMALS 7 healthy Beagles.

PROCEDURES RFA was performed on the liver (day 0). Stiffness of the ablation lesion, transitional zone, and normal parenchyma were evaluated by use of SWE, and blood flow, blood volume, and arterial liver perfusion of those regions were evaluated by use of CT perfusion on days 0 and 4. All RFA lesions were histologically examined on day 4.

RESULTS Examination of the SWE color-coded map distinctly revealed stiffness of the liver tissue, which increased from the normal parenchyma to the transitional zone and then to the ablation zone. For CT perfusion, blood flow, blood volume, and arterial liver perfusion decreased from the transitional zone to the normal parenchyma and then to the ablation zone. Tissue stiffness and CT perfusion variables did not differ significantly between days 0 and 4. Histologic examination revealed central diffuse necrosis and peripheral hyperemia with infiltration of lymphoid cells and macrophages.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Coagulation necrosis induced a loss of blood perfusion and caused tissue hardening (stiffness) in the ablation zone. Hyperemic and inflammatory changes of the transitional zone resulted in increased blood perfusion. Acute changes in stiffness and perfusion of liver tissue after RFA could be determined by use of SWE and CT perfusion. These results can be used to predict the clinical efficacy of RFA and to support further studies, including those involving hepatic neoplasia.
Effect of age on the pharmacokinetics and distribution of tulathromycin in interstitial and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid in healthy calves
Authors: Mzyk Danielle A. , Bublitz Claire M. , Hobgood Ginger D. , Martinez Marilyn N. , Smith Geof W. , Baynes Ronald E.
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE To compare the plasma pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin between 3-week-old (preweaned) and 6-month-old (weaned) calves and to characterize the distribution of tulathromcyin into pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) of preweaned and weaned calves following SC administration of a single dose (2.5 mg/kg).

ANIMALS 8 healthy 3-week-old and 8 healthy 6-month-old Holstein steers.

PROCEDURES A jugular catheter and SC ultrafiltration probe were aseptically placed in the neck of each calf before tulathromycin administration. Blood, ISF, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected at predetermined times before and after tulathromycin administration for quantification of drug concentration. A urea dilution method was used to estimate tulathromycin concentration in PELF from that in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Tulathromycin–plasma protein binding was determined by in vitro methods. Plasma pharmacokinetics were determined by a 2-compartment model. Pharmacokinetic parameters and drug concentrations were compared between preweaned and weaned calves.

RESULTS Clearance and volume of distribution per fraction of tulathromycin absorbed were significantly greater for weaned calves than preweaned calves. Tulathromycin–plasma protein binding was significantly greater for weaned calves than preweaned calves. Maximum PELF tulathromycin concentration was significantly greater than the maximum plasma and maximum ISF tulathromycin concentrations in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that age affected multiple pharmacokinetic parameters of tulathromycin, likely owing to physiologic changes as calves mature from preruminants to ruminants. Knowledge of those changes may be useful in the development of studies to evaluate potential dose adjustments during treatment of calves with respiratory tract disease.
Comparison of bronchoscopic and nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage in healthy cats
Authors: Hooi Kimberly S. , Defarges Alice M. , Sanchez Andrea L. , Nykamp Stephanie G. , Weese J. Scott , Abrams-Ogg Anthony C. G. , Bienzle Dorothee
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE To compare bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) accomplished by use of a bronchoscopic (B-BAL) and a nonbronchoscopic (NB-BAL) technique in healthy cats.

ANIMALS 12 healthy cats.

PROCEDURES Two BALs were performed in a randomized order 2 weeks apart in each cat. Cats were anesthetized, and a 2.9-mm fiberoptic bronchoscope (B-BAL) or 8F red rubber catheter (NB-BAL) was wedged in a bronchus. Two 5-mL aliquots of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution were infused into the left and right caudal lung fields and aspirated manually with a 20-mL syringe. Proportion of BAL fluid (BALF) retrieved, depth of wedging, and anesthetic complications were recorded. Total nucleated cell count, differential cell count, and semiquantitative scores of cytologic slide quality were determined for all BALF samples. Results were compared with ANOVAs and Wilcoxon signed rank tests.

RESULTS Proportion of retrieved BALF and depth of wedging were significantly greater for B-BAL than NB-BAL. Differential cell counts and cytologic slide quality did not differ significantly between techniques. Complications included transient hemoglobin desaturation (24/24 [100%] BALs) and prolonged anesthetic recovery time (4/24 [17%] BALs). Anesthetic recovery scores did not differ significantly between techniques.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that NB-BAL was noninferior to B-BAL with regard to ease of performance, anesthetic variables, and cytologic slide quality for cats without clinical respiratory tract disease.
Administrative Processes as an Anti-Corruption Tool? A View from Public Employees in the Baltic States
Authors: Pedersen Karin Hilmer , Johannsen Lars
Published: October 2018

Many studies have documented the negative effect of corruption on development, economic growth, and democracy. Independent anti-corruption agencies are often recommended as the tool to curb corruption. However, their efficiency depends on the political will to allocate authority, powers, and resources. Moreover, setting up new institutions is always costly and accordingly problematic to low and middle income countries. The present study suggests that public administration processes in their own right are a tool to combat corruption. The article uses a survey with responses from 1706 public employees in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Using OLS regression, the study confirms others findings that strengthening meritocracy is an important factor in curbing corruption. It adds to this that enhancing monitoring is a factor just as effective against corruption as meritocracy. It adds attention to the reverse effect associated with hierarchical organizations, norms accepting rule bending, and network decisions. Finally, addressing salaries’ and performance payment’s impact on corruption the study finds no relation.
Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on yield and quality of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Bilalis Dimitrios , Krokida Magdalini , Roussis Ioannis , Papastylianou Panayiota , Travlos Ilias , Cheimona Nikolina , Dede Argyro
Published: October 2018

The demand for organically grown products is increasing because many people are concerned about the environment and believe that organic products are healthier than conventional ones. Some studies have shown that organically produced tomato fruits contain higher levels of antioxidants, polyphenols and carotenoids than those produced conventionally. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of organic and inorganic fertilization on agronomic and quality characteristics of the processing tomato. The 2-year experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design, with three replications and three fertilization treatments (untreated, compost and inorganic fertilizer). The results showed that the highest fruit number per plant (98.5), average fruit weight (63.6 g) and fruit yield (168.0 t ha−1) were obtained under inorganic fertilization. The highest total soluble solids (4.39 °Brix) and total soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio (17.4), L* (43.4) and a* (35.4) values, as well as the highest lycopene content (88.5 mg kg−1 f.w). were achieved through the application of organic fertilizer. Significantly higher total soluble solids and total soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio in organically grown tomatoes are particularly important to the processing tomato industry. Finally, the highest lycopene content produced under organic fertilization as well as the non-significant difference between the organic and conventional tomatoes in terms of lycopene yield make organic processing tomatoes suitable for lycopene production.
Exploring sirolimus pharmacokinetic variability using data available from the routine clinical care of renal transplant patients – population pharmacokinetic approach
Authors: Golubović Bojana , Vučićević Katarina , Radivojević Dragana , Kovačević Sandra Vezmar , Prostran Milica , Miljković Branislava
Published: October 2018

Background

Due to wide intra- and inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability and narrow therapeutic index of sirolimus, the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of sirolimus with detailed biochemical and clinical monitoring is necessary for dose individualization in kidney transplant patients. The purpose of the study was to explore and identify factors that contribute to pharmacokinetic variability by developing and validating a population model using routine TDM data and routinely monitored biochemical and clinical parameters.

Methods

The data obtained by routine monitoring of 38 patients over a period of one year from the sirolimus treatment initiation, were collected from patients’ records. Population analysis was performed using the software NONMEM®. The validity of the model was tested by the internal and external validation techniques.

Results

The pharmacokinetic variability was partially explained with patient’s age and liver function. CL/F was found to decrease with age. According to the developed model, sirolimus CL/F decreases by, in average, 37% in patients with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) greater than 37 IU/L. The internal and external validation confirmed the satisfactory prediction of the developed model.

Conclusions

The population modeling of routinely monitored data allowed quantification of the age and liver function influence on sirolimus CL/F. According to the final model, patients with compromised liver function expressed via AST values require careful monitoring and dosing adjustments. Proven good predictive performance makes this model a useful tool in everyday clinical practice.
A novel biomarker renalase and its relationship with its substrates in schizophrenia
Authors: Catak Zekiye , Kocdemir Esra , Ugur Kader , Yardim Meltem , Sahin İbrahim , Kaya Hilal , Aydin Suleyman
Published: October 2018

Background

Schizophrenia, particularly the form related to excessive dopamine (DA), is a chronic psychotic disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Renalase metabolizes its catecholamine (CA) substrates, including DA, suggesting that there might be an association between renalase levels and schizophrenia occurrence. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the renalase and CA levels in the serum of patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

The study was conducted with thirty-three schizophrenia patients and an age- and gender-matched group of thirty-one controls. Renalase and CA levels were measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

Renalase levels were significantly lower in the schizophrenia patients than in the control group (p<0.05), whereas DA levels were significantly higher (p<0.05). The epinephrine (Epi) levels of both groups were similar (p=0.186), while the norepinephrine levels in patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05). The areas under the curves for the renalase-dopamine, renalase-norepinephrine and renalase-epinephrine ratios were 0.805, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.699–0.912 (p<0.001); 0.726, 95% CI: 0.594–0.859 (p=0.032); and 0.656, 95% CI: 0.520–0.791 (p=0.02).

Conclusions

The high DA levels in patients with schizophrenia might be due to low renalase levels. Renalase enzyme levels may play a substantial role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Thus, this enzyme might be a new future target for the treatment and diagnosis of schizophrenia after intrabrain renalase and DA dynamics have been further evaluated.
Determining the need for repeat testing of blood ethanol concentration: Evaluation of the synchron blood ethyl alcohol assay kit
Authors: Ustundağ Yasemin , Huysal Kağan , Eren Sevim Eşmedere
Published: October 2018

Background

In clinical laboratories, a common practice used to verify tests prior to reporting is repeat testing. Our objective was to evaluate the differences between the results of blood ethanol concentration (BEC) test repetitions and report on the role of repeat testing to prevent reporting of incorrect results.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of data retrieved from the Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital’s document management system by calculating the percentage change between repeated BEC test runs. To assess for clinical relevance, the bias between two results from the same sample was compared using the 1988 Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments’ (CLIA) proficiency testing allowable total error (TEa) limits.

Results

From a total of 1,627 BEC tests performed between January 2017 and January 2018, 70% (1,133) were repeat tested. Of these, 830 resulted in BECs between 0–5 mmol/L, of which 237 (28.5%) were above the 25% acceptable TEa. Two hundred seventy-six BEC test results were greater than >14 mmol/L, and there was a good consensus between the initial and repeat test results (99%). In this group, the mean bias was 0.0% (95%, CI = -9.8–9.8%). However, three of the repeat test results were considered significantly different. There were two discordant results in the 5–14 mmol/L ethanol level, and the mean bias was 2.1% (95%, CI = -15.0–19.1%).

Conclusion

The majority of the repeated BEC test values were the same as the baseline value; therefore, there may be limited benefit in continuing such frequent repeated analyses.
Effects of timolol treatment on pancreatic antioxidant enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: An experimental and computational study
Authors: Ulusu Nuriye Nuray , Gok Muslum , Erman Burak , Turan Belma
Published: October 2018

Background

The study aimed to investigate whether timolol-treatment has a beneficial effect on pentose phosphate pathway enzyme activities such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) enzyme activities and cAMP level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in pancreatic tissues

Methods

Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in 3-month old male Wistar rats. The diabetic rats were treated with timolol (5 mg/kg body weight, for 12 weeks) while the control group received saline. Enzyme activities were determined in pancreas tissue. To support our results, we performedin silicocalculations, using Protein Data Bank structures.

Results

Timolol treatment of STZ-induced diabetic rats had no noteworthy effect on high blood-glucose levels. However, this treatment induced activities of G6PD and 6PGDH in diabetic rats. Timolol treatment significantly increased cAMP level in diabetic pancreatic tissue. We found that timolol cannot bind strongly to either G6PD or 6PGD, but there is a relatively higher binding affinity to adenylyl cyclase, responsible for cAMP production, serving as a regulatory signal via specific cAMP-binding proteins.

Conclusions

Our data point out that timolol treatment has beneficial effects on the antioxidant defence mechanism enzymes in the pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Coronaviruses in avian species – review with focus on epidemiology and diagnosis in wild birds
Authors: Miłek Justyna , Blicharz-Domańska Katarzyna
Published: October 2018

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large group of enveloped viruses with a single-strand RNA genome, which continuously circulate in mammals and birds and pose a threat to livestock, companion animals, and humans. CoVs harboured by avian species are classified to the genera gamma- and deltacoronaviruses. Within the gamma-CoVs the main representative is avian coronavirus, a taxonomic name which includes the highly contagious infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) in chickens and similar viruses infecting other domestic birds such as turkeys, guinea fowls, or quails. Additionally, IBVs have been detected in healthy wild birds, demonstrating that they may act as the vector between domestic and free-living birds. Moreover, CoVs other than IBVs, are identified in wild birds, which suggests that wild birds play a key role in the epidemiology of other gammaCoVs and deltaCoVs. Development of molecular techniques has significantly improved knowledge of the prevalence of CoVs in avian species. The methods adopted in monitoring studies of CoVs in different avian species are mainly based on detection of conservative regions within the viral replicase, nucleocapsid genes, and 3’UTR or 5’UTR. The purpose of this review is to summarise recent discoveries in the areas of epidemiology and diagnosis of CoVs in avian species and to understand the role of wild birds in the virus distribution.
Avian reticuloendotheliosis in chickens – an update on disease occurrence and clinical course
Authors: Woźniakowski Grzegorz , Frant Maciej , Mamczur Andrzej
Published: October 2018

Avian reticuloendotheliosis (RE) represents an important immunosuppressive disease of poultry. The occurrence of RE in both chickens and turkeys has an immunosuppressive effect and may lead to vaccination failures. Avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is widely distributed in different kinds of birds, causing subclinical infections. Another important issue adhering to this disease is contamination of vaccines against fowl pox (FP) and Marek’s disease (MD) with REV. The capability of REV to integrate into the genome of other larger DNA viruses complicates its diagnosis and prevention. There are no efficient vaccines against RE nor treatment, which also complicates how to limit its impact on poultry farming. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge of this important immunosuppressive agent of poultry emphasising the importance of this problem in terms of diagnosis of RE.
Contemporary threats of bacterial infections in freshwater fish
Authors: Pękala-Safińska Agnieszka
Published: October 2018

Changes occurring in freshwater ecosystems seem to be fundamental in the development of all microorganisms, including those pathogenic to fish. This has been especially evident in recent years during which dynamic variations in bacterial fish pathology have been observed. Gram-negative bacteria commonly known to be pathogenic to fish, like Aeromonas spp., Flavobacterium spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Shewanella putrefaciens are replaced by other species, which until now have not been known to be virulent or even conditionally pathogenic to fish. Nowadays, among these other species Acinetobacter spp., Plesiomonas shigelloides, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are the most frequently isolated from fish exhibiting clinical signs of disease. Two Gram-positive bacteria have become pathogens of particular importance in fish pathology in Poland: Lactococcus garviae and Streptococcus iniae. In addition, infections caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Kocuria rhizophila have appeared in recent years. This bacterium has not been known until now to be pathogenic to fish. Therefore, this infection could be called an emergent disease.
Saponin-based Mycoplasma bovis vaccine containing lysozyme dimer adjuvant stimulates acute phase response in calves
Authors: Dudek Katarzyna , Bednarek Dariusz
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Mycoplasma bovis is known as a causative agent of many disorders in cattle. In Europe, there is still a lack of commercial vaccines against M. bovis infection. Acute phase response (APR) is a non-specific host reaction to infection, most seen in changes in production of acute phase proteins. The aim of this study was to analyse APR in calves administered with an experimental M. bovis vaccine.

Material and Methods

Twelve healthy female calves were divided into two equal groups: experimental and control. The experimental vaccine containing the field M. bovis strain and two adjuvants such as saponin and lysozyme dimer was subcutaneously administered to the experimental group. Phosphate buffered saline was taken as the placebo and given to the control group by the same route as the vaccine. Blood samples were collected prior to the study (day 0), then daily up to day 7, and then each seven days until day 84 post vaccination. The concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and inteleukin-4 (IL-4) were determined using commercial ELISA kits.

Results

Following the vaccination, a significant increase in SAA, Hp, and IFN-γ concentrations was observed when compared to the unvaccinated calves, whereas the IL-4 concentration was not detectable.

Conclusion

The experimental saponin-based M. bovis vaccine containing lysozyme dimer adjuvant visibly stimulated the APR in the calves, and some specific cytokines (Th1-dependent) directly involved in this response.
Clostridium perfringens spores in Polish honey samples
Authors: Grenda Tomasz , Grabczak Magdalena , Goldsztejn Magdalena , Kozieł Nina , Kwiatek Krzysztof , Pohorecka Krystyna , Skubida Marta , Bober Andrzej
Published: October 2018

Introduction

The aim of this study was examination of honey samples collected from apiaries situated in all Polish provinces for occurrence of Clostridium spp., especially C. perfringens.

Material and Methods

The study was carried out on 240 honey samples (15 samples/province). Estimation of Clostridium titre, its cultures and C. perfringens isolate characterisation were performed according to the standard PN-R-64791:1994. A multiplex PCR method for detection of genes coding cpa (α toxin), cpb (β), cpb2 (β2), etx (ε), iap (ι), and cpe (enterotoxin) toxins was used.

Results

Clostridium spp. was noticed in 56% (136/240) of samples, and its titres ranged between 0.1 g and 0.001 g. Clostridium perfringens occurrence was evidenced in 27.5% (66/240) of samples. All isolates were classified to toxinotype A.

Conclusions

Evidence of a high number of positive samples with occurrence of Clostridium spp. indicates a potential risk to consumers’ health. The infective number of Clostridium spp. is unknown; however, the obtained results have shown that a risk assessment on the entire honey harvesting process should be made in order to ensure microbiological safety. Moreover, a detailed study should be undertaken on the antibiotic resistance of C. perfringens isolates from honey samples.
Determination of salicylic acid in feed using LC-MS/MS
Authors: Protasiuk Edyta , Olejnik Małgorzata
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Salicylic acid is a derivative of benzoic acid and occurs in nature. The main target of this study was to develop the liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry technique as a method for determination of salicylic acid in feed materials and compound feed.

Material and Methods

Salicylic acid was extracted from feed with 0.1% hydrochloric acid in methanol. Separation was achieved in 8 min in a gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. The analyte was detected using negative electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The procedure was validated to the specifications of the European Commission Decision No. 2002/657/EC.

Results

The validation results showed the repeatability of the method, which was evaluated at three levels (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg). Calibration curves for the working ranges were linear (R2 0.9911 to 0.9936), and recoveries ranged from 98.3% to 101%. The LOD and LOQ for compound feed were 0.02 and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. Salicylic acid was found mostly in corn, and its concentrations differed depending on whether it was young or fully grown (5.30–12.8 mg/kg and 0.13–1.01 mg/kg, respectively).

Conclusions

A sensitive and reliable method for the determination of salicylic acid in feed and compound feed using LC-MS/MS was developed.
Effects of newly developed synbiotic and commercial probiotic products on the haematological indices, serum cytokines, acute phase proteins concentration, and serum immunoglobulins amount in sows and growing pigs – a pilot study
Authors: Czyżewska-Dors Ewelina , Kwit Krzysztof , Stasiak Ewelina , Rachubik Jarosław , Śliżewska Katarzyna , Pomorska-Mól Małgorzata
Published: October 2018

Introduction

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of supplementation of sows’ and growing pigs’ diets with three newly developed synbiotic and two extant commercial probiotic products on selected immune parameters under field conditions.

Material and Methods

The study was performed on 30 sows and 48 piglets of the Danbred breed. Immune parameters such as concentration and proportion of white blood cells and their subpopulations, immunoglobulins amount in serum, and serum concentration of cytokines and acute phase proteins were recorded with the use of a haematology analyser and ELISA kits.

Results

No significant differences between treatment groups and controls were found with regard to the immune parameters evaluated except for serum immunoglobulin concentration, which was significantly increased by synbiotic products B and C and probiotic product D.

Conclusion

The results of the study indicate that the synbiotic products B and C and probiotic product D are worthy of further investigation as promising candidates to improve the immune status of healthy sows and their offspring.
Effect of TNF-α concentration on selected clinical parameters of swine after burns
Authors: Aleksiewicz Roman , Lutnicki Krzysztof , Likus Marta , Gątkiewicz Łukasz
Published: October 2018

Introduction

The study aimed to observe TNF-α serum concentration as well as changes in respiration rate, body temperature, and pulse rate in burn victims during 84 h post burn.

Material and Methods

A total of 30 healthy pigs were divided into two groups: A, the test group and N, the control group. The experimental group suffered burns to 30% of the body surface, and after infliction of the burns both groups were closely monitored.

Results

The biggest increase in TNF-α serum concentration in the test subjects occurred around the 6th h of the study, and the second biggest increase took place between 12th and 36th h. In the 36th h, TNF-α was 2.5 times more concentrated in serum in the test group than in the control group. In the test group, the biggest increase in respiration rate occurred up to the 6th h post burn, on average up to 29/min. In the 12th h post burn, the mean pulse rate in the test group was 133/min and dropped to the lowest value in the 72nd h of the experiment. A gradual increase in body temperature up to 41.72°C was observed up to the 30th h post burn and decreased to a significant value of 40.74°C by the 84th h of the study.

Conclusion

In a period of a pronounced rise in TNF-α serum concentration, this parameter, pulse rate, and respiration rate are highly correlated and are also influenced by multiple inflammation forming factors.
Elastographic and morphological testicular changes in hypothyroidism – an experimental study
Authors: Gołyński Marcin , Dębiak Piotr , Gołyńska Magdalena , Myśliwiec Ewa , Szkodziak Piotr , Kalisz Grzegorz , Śmiech Anna , Lutnicki Krzysztof , Szczepanik Marcin
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Methimazole-induced hypothyroidism is a clinical problem in the treatment of hyperthyroidism in people and animals and is an example of metabolic disease that can lead to fertility disorders and can give elastographic testicular changes.

Material and Methods

Ultrasound elastography using the Esaote MyLab Twice ultrasound system and a morphological examination of testes were performed in seven methimazole-administered (group E) and seven healthy rats (group C).

Results

The elasticity ratio of strains in the scrotal wall of the near-field test area to testicular tissue (ELX-T-RAT) and hardness percentage of strained tissues in the defined area of a testicle (ELX-T%HRD) in group E were statistically significantly lower than in group C. The degree of spermatogenesis was statistically significantly higher in group E than in group C and similarly seminiferous tubule diameters in group E were statistically significantly higher than in group C. Body weight and testicular weight in group E were statistically significantly lower than in group C.

Conclusion

Changes in the elastographical parameters of testes may result from disorders secondary to hypothyroidism. The usefulness of elastography is noteworthy in the case of evaluation of testis function in patients with some metabolic disorders.
Screening for circulating miR-208a and -b in different cardiac arrhythmias of dogs
Authors: Noszczyk-Nowak Agnieszka , Zacharski Maciej , Michałek Marcin
Published: October 2018

Introduction

In recent years, the high sensitivity and specificity of novel miRNA biomarkers have been utilised for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of various diseases. Previous reports showed that abnormal expression of miR-208 in mice resulted in the development of an aberrant cardiac conduction system and consecutive arrhythmias. On the other hand, a study on infarcted human heart tissue showed upregulation of miR-208a in subjects with ventricular tachyarrhythmias compared to healthy controls. We prospectively investigated the expression of miR-208a and -208b in the serum of dogs presenting different cardiac arrhythmias.

Material and Methods

A total of 28 dogs with atrial fibrillation (n = 8), ventricular premature contractions (n=6), conduction system disturbances (n = 7), and free of heart conditions (as controls) (n = 7) were enrolled in the study. Total RNA was extracted from serum samples and miR-208a and -b, miR-16 as well as a cel-miR-39-5p spike-in were analysed with qPCR and ddPCR.

Results

miR-208a and miR-208b were not expressed in any of the samples. The calculated ddPCR miR-16 relative expression (normalised with cel-miR-39 spike-in) showed a good correlation (r = 0.82; P < 0.001) with the qPCR results.

Conclusion

This outcome warrants further investigation, possibly focusing on tissue expression of miR-208 in the canine heart.
Ameliorative effects of Helianthus annuus against nephrotoxic, cardiac, and haematological disorders in alloxan-induced hyperglycaemia in albino rats
Authors: Onoja Samuel Okwudili , Udem Samuel Chukwuneke , Anaga Aruh Ottah
Published: October 2018

Introduction

The study evaluated the ameliorative effects of Helianthus annuus leaf extract on nephrotoxicity, cardiac, and haematologic disorders in alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic rats.

Material and Methods

The cold maceration method with 80% methanol was used in the preparation of H. annuus extract. Thirty alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic rats were randomly assigned to five equal groups (A–E). Groups A and B received 5% tween-20 solution in water (5 mL/kg) and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg), respectively; while groups C, D, and E received 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg of the extract, respectively, per os once daily for 21 consecutive days. The levels of serum urea, creatinine, haematological indices, and histopathological changes in the kidneys and heart were evaluated 24 h after the last treatment on day 21.

Results

The extract and glibenclamide significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the levels of serum urea and urea : creatinine ratio in diabetic rats when compared with the vehicle treated group. The extract and glibenclamide also ameliorated haematological disorders and kidney and cardiac damage induced by alloxan.

Conclusion

H. annuus extract produced nephroprotective, cardioprotective, and haematoprotective effects and might prevent the advancement of diabetic complications such as diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients.
Histopathological evaluation of polycaprolactone nanocomposite compared with tricalcium phosphate in bone healing
Authors: Eftekhari Hadi , Jahandideh Alireza , Asghari Ahmad , Akbarzadeh Abolfazl , Hesaraki Saeed
Published: October 2018

Introduction

In recent years, the use of bone scaffolds as bone tissue substitutes, especially the use of such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate, has been very popular. Today, the use of modern engineering techniques and advances in nanotechnology have expanded the use of nanomaterials as bone scaffolds for bone tissue applications.

Material and Methods

This study was performed on 60 adult male New Zealand rabbits divided into four experimental groups: the control group without any treatment, the second group receiving hydroxyapatite, the third group treated with β-tricalcium phosphate, and the fourth group receiving nanocomposite polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold. In a surgical procedure, a defect 6 mm in diameter was made in a hind limb femur. Four indexes were used to assess histopathology, which were union index, spongiosa index, cortex index, and bone marrow.

Results

The results showed that nanocomposite PCL and control groups always had the respective highest and lowest values among all the groups at all time intervals. The histopathological assessment demonstrated that the quantity of newly formed lamellar bone in the nanocomposite PCL group was higher than in other groups.

Conclusion

All these data suggest that PCL had positive effects on the bone healing process, which could have great potential in tissue engineering and clinical applications.
The Impact of Radar Distance Measurement Accuracy on the Accuracy of Position Fixing in VTS Systems
Authors: Czaplewski Krzysztof , Guze Sambor , Świerczyński Sławomir
Published: October 2018

The main source of information on the situation across the sea basins used by operators of shipping monitoring systems is a network of coastal radar stations. Presently, it is possible to gather navigational information from many individual radar stations simultaneously, which may be used for improving the accuracy of vessel position fixing. However, without making other estimates, we obtain an inconsistent image comprising multiple echoes of the same ship, and as such it is impossible to say which echo presents the vessel on the move. Another problem is the method of performing radar observations, which significantly affects the accuracy of position fixing. The estimated radar distance is encumbered with a gross error in the case of large vessels, as the position of a large vessel is not the same as the position of the edge of the radar echo to which the estimation is made. In this paper, the authors present a method to adjust the measured radar distance. The proposed method may be automated easily, which would significantly enhance VTS positioning processes.
Ship Trajectory Tracking Control System Design Based on Sliding Mode Control Algorithm
Authors: Liu Yong , Bu Renxiang , Gao Xiaori
Published: October 2018

The paper reports the design and tests of the planar autopilot navigation system in the three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) plane (surge, sway and yaw) for a ship. The aim of the tests was to check the improved maneuverability of the ship in open waters using the improved nonlinear control algorithm, developed based on the sliding mode control theory for the ship-trajectory tracking problem of under-actuated ships with static constraints, actuator saturation, and parametric uncertainties. With the integration of the simple increment feedback control law, the dynamic control strategy was developed to fulfill the under-actuated tracking and stabilization objectives. In addition, the LOS (line of sight) guidance system was applied to control the motion path, whereas the sliding mode controller was used to emulate the rudder angle and propeller rotational speed control. Firstly, simulation tests were performed to verify the validity of the basic model and the tracking control algorithm. Subsequently, full scale maneuverability tests were done with a novel container ship, equipped with trajectory tracking control and sliding mode controller algorithm, to check the dynamic stability performance of the ship. The results of the theoretical and numerical simulation on a training ship verify the invariability and excellent robustness of the proposed controller, which: effectively eliminates system chattering, solves the problem of lateral drift of the ship, and maintains the following of the trajectory while simultaneously achieving global stability and robustness.
Economical and Safe Method of Granular Material Storage in Silos in Offshore Port Terminals
Authors: Sondej Mateusz , Ratnayake Chandana , Wójcik Michał
Published: October 2018

The article discusses issues related with storage of granular materials in silos made of corrugated sheets and reinforced with vertical ribs. Advantages and disadvantages of these structures are named, and typical technological solutions used by largest silo producers are presented. Moreover, basic assumptions of Eurocode 3 are discussed in the context of determining the buckling load capacity of a ribbed jacket. Alternative methods are indicated to determine the silo stability using analytical and FEM based methods. General conclusions are formulated with respect to designing of silos made of corrugated sheets.
Determination of Shear Modulus of Soil in the RC/TS Apparatus for Designing Offshore Wind Power Plant Foundations
Authors: Srokosz Piotr , Dyka Ireneusz , Bujko Marcin
Published: October 2018

The paper presents a selected aspect of the determining the initial soil shear modulus value on the research example in resonant column – torsional shear apparatus (RC / TS). There are presented the significance of the initial value of shear modulus in design of offshore wind power plant foundations and the importance of its variability in the function of cyclical shear strains of soil related to the impact of sea and atmosphere on the designed structures. Based on the conducted analyses, a new methodology for interpreting the TS test results of soil has been proposed. It allows estimating the values of the shear modulus in the full range of shear strains occurring in issues closely related to the design and construction work of offshore wind power plant foundations.
FEM Calculations in Analysis of Steel Subsea Water Injection Flowlines Designing Process
Authors: Wodtke Michał , Olszewski Artur , Wójcikowski Artur
Published: October 2018

The article describes the result of theoretical research aimed at assessing the loads and operating conditions of a Coiled Tubing pipeline injecting water, suspended to the mining platform of Lotos Petrobaltic. For this purpose, appropriate calculation models have been developed using the Finite Element Method (FEM), taking into account the nature of the analyzed object and its loads. The analyzes were carried out for two pipes (previously operated and newly proposed) differing in geometrical and strength parameters. The research was carried out for selected directions of load on the pipeline (originating from sea waves) and various variants of attaching the suspended pipeline to the mining platform.
Cold Cracking of S460N Steel Welded in Water Environment
Authors: Tomków Jacek , Łabanowski Jerzy , Fydrych Dariusz , Rogalski Grzegorz
Published: October 2018

This paper shows results of weldability testing of fine-grained high-strength low-alloy S460N steel welded in water environment by covered electrodes. The tests were carried out by using the CTS test specimens with fillet welds. Four specimens were welded under water and one specimen in air. Welded joints were subjected to non-destructive visual and penetration tests. The accepted joints were then subjected to macroscopic and microscopic inspection and Vickers hardness measurements as well. The experiments showed that S460N steel welded in water environment is characterized by a high susceptibility to cold cracking.