bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protective Effects of Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Origanum Vulgare
against Paraquat-induced Lung Toxicity in Rats: The Role of the
Inflammation-related Markers and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Sharifi-Rigi Ali , Heidarian Esfandiar , Zal Fatemeh
Published: October 2023

Background::

The pesticide paraquat is hazardous to both humans and animals. Lung
damage is a common complication of paraquat poisoning.

Objective::

This research analyzes the preventive properties of Origanum vulgare leaf extract against
paraquat-induced acute pulmonary toxicity and oxidative stress.

Methods::

In this experiment, the rats were assigned to five distinct groups. Group 1 served as the
control, group 2 got only 25 mg/kg bw paraquat, and groups 3, 4, and 5 received paraquat and Origanum
vulgare leaf extract at dosages of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg bw, respectively. In rats, inflammation-
related indicators and oxidative stress were analyzed after therapy.

Results::

Compared with the control group, the levels of the serum PC, MDA, and inflammatory
markers such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β remarkably rose (p < 0.05) and the pulmonary contents of
the SOD, CAT, and vitamin C greatly decreased (p < 0.05) in the paraquat-only group. Origanum
vulgare leaf extract administration after paraquat exposure resulted in a substantial increase in lung
SOD, CAT, and vitamin C levels as well as a significant reduction in MDA, PC, and lung
inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) gene expression relative to the paraquat-only group.

Conclusion::

Origanum vulgare leaf extract might be supplied to lessen the toxicity of paraquat,
based on the findings of this research, which indicated that Origanum vulgare leaf extract has antioxidant-
enhancing properties and can improve the antioxidant defense system.

other:

Ethic number: IR. SKUMS. REC. 1395. 151.
Potential Herbal Remedies for Treatment of Depression: A Mini Review
Authors: Yadav Khushbu , Rani Anjna , Dua Kamal
Published: October 2023

Background::

Depression is a psychiatric and mood disorder that impacts a person's mental
health and behavior and is frequently linked to suicide. As per the World Health Organization's
estimate, depressive disorder will be the main cause of mental disorders by the year 2030, and it has
a huge impact on the burden of disease in the world. To treat depression, there are pharmacological
and nonpharmacological therapy alternatives. With little to no consideration of other neurochemicals
altered in depression, most antidepressant preparations are based on the monoamines, neuroendocrine,
and neuro-inflammation concepts.

Objective::

The present study aims to provide comprehensive data related to depression, the factors
associated, the mechanism involved, herbal plants effective for managing depression, and novel formulations
along with patents and clinical trials.

Methods::

A thorough assessment of herbs and novel formulations that have been proven effective in
treating depression was conducted. After extensive review, the present study includes a mechanism
of action of herbal plants showing antidepressant effects, novel formulations, patents, and clinical
trials related to depression.

Results::

Numerous studies reported that diverse herbal plants have been found to have a positive
effect on depression management, such as Panax ginseng, Melissa officinalis, Piper methysticum,
Schinus molle L, Kielmeyera coriacea Mart, Elaeocarpus ganitrus, Hypericum perforatum, Lavandula
angustifolia Mill, Crocus Sativus L.

Conclusion::

Herbal plant research could help establish the potential of isolated compounds from
plants with medicinal properties for managing depressive illnesses.
Virus de la leucemia bovina: entre la producción animal y la salud humana
Authors: Paternina B Daniela , González T Marco , Mattar V Salim
Published: October 2023

El virus de la leucemia bovina (BLV) es un retrovirus del género deltaretrovirus, el cual infecta los linfocitos B y genera una expansión policlonal. En los rumiantes se integra como provirus al genoma del huésped y genera una infección de por vida. a lo largo de la vida.  Según la Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal (WOAH) es una enfermedad de importancia internacional para el comercio de animales (1). Es conocida como la mayor enfermedad neoplásica del ganado bovino y hace parte de los cinco agentes virales más importantes en la producción pecuaria (2,3).
Factor Structure of ASD Symptoms in Russian 3-4-Year-Olds
Authors: Nasledov Andrey , Miroshnikov Sergey , Tkacheva Liubov , Fedorov Sergey
Published: October 2023

The study aims to reveal autism vectors that are inherent in 3-4-year-olds with ASD. Three hundred eighty-three children with ASD took part in the research. An online questionnaire developed earlier by our research group was used. In the first stage, with the repeated use of exploratory factor analysis, the task of identifying the simplest factor structure was solved. As a result, a 7-factor system was obtained, including from 9 to 14 items in each factor (78 items in total): 1) "Persistence on sameness" (Sam); 2) "Emotional dysregulation" (Em); 3) "Alienation" (Al); 4) "Speech understanding" (SU); 5) "Disinhibition/Hyperactivity" (Hyp); 6) "Echolalia" (Ech); 7) "Sensory disintegration" (Sen). Next, a "parcel approach" was applied: binary items included in each factor were randomly distributed into 3 packages, from 3 to 5 items in each box. Thus, instead of 78 binary things, 21 quantitative variables were analyzed. At the second stage, a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was applied to verify the factor validity and structural and measurement equivalence of the obtained 7-factor model to the parts of the sample that differ by gender (m, f) and age (3 and 4 years). The factor validity of the 7-factor model was confirmed: the factors Em, Al, Su, and Ech correlated with each other (correlations from 0.33 to 0.65), forming a group of communication disorders, the second group consisted of factors Sam and Sen (r = 0.66), the factor Hyp did not correlate with other elements. The equivalence of this 7-factor model was confirmed with respect to samples differing in gender (m, f) and age (3 and 4 years). According to all 7 calculated factors-scales, the example of children with ASD statistically significantly differed from other children with the magnitude of the Coen's d effect from 0.688 to 2.088. However, it can be supposed that the factor dimension of autism symptoms can be even more significant, because the revealed structure is based on 436 initial hypothetical symptoms of autism.
The Impact of Temperature, Humidity, and Sunshine on Internet Search Volumes Related to Psoriasis (Preprint)
Authors: Lane Hakan , Walker Mark
Published: October 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

We examined internet searches on psoriasis in Germany and found that in weeks with high search volume, mean temperature and humidity were lower and sunshine level was higher compared to weeks with low search volume.
Pengaruh sistem pemesanan makanan digital terhadap ketepatan waktu pemberian makanan dan kepuasan pasien
Authors: Ferryana Lina , Gurnida Dida Akhmad , Wiramihardja Siska
Published: October 2023

Effect of digital food ordering system on timeliness of feeding and patient satisfactionBackground: Computer-based information systems simplify food ordering, speed up the calculation of order data, and reduce operational costs for patient food ordering processes to reduce the time lag between ordering food and serving it to consumers. Only a few studies have examined the effect of digital food ordering applications on feeding accuracy and patient satisfaction.Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between the digital food ordering system and the timeliness of feeding, and the relationship between timeliness of feeding, taste, menu variety, staff appearance, and food service with patient satisfaction.Methods: This study uses a mixed design design with a parallel concurrent mixed method. Quantitative research uses the one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design without a control group design and qualitative research uses the social constructivism–interpretation paradigm. The research was conducted in July 2022 at the Bayu Asih Hospital in Purwakarta. The study population consisted of 91 inpatients using a sampling technique, namely total sampling, while the number of samples for qualitative data was five persons using purposive sampling. Bivariate analysis used the Wilcoxon and Chi-Square tests, while the qualitative analysis used a deductive approach.Results: The average time for serving food with manual ordering tends to be greater, namely 181.5 seconds, which decreases to 156.62 seconds after using a digital food ordering system. Most of patients (73.6%) were satisfied with the timeliness of feeding, the taste of the food provided, the varied menu, and the neat appearance of the servers. The results of the analysis showed a significant relationship between the timeliness of food serving (p=0.006); food taste (p=0.001); menu variety (p=0.001); and the appearance of the waitress (p=0.001) with patient satisfaction.Conclusion: The timeliness of feeding increases after using a digital food ordering system. Timeliness of feeding, food taste, variety of food menus, appearance of food serving staff, and food service are significantly related to patient satisfaction.
Cartographic depicting of international activities research results in RF universities
Authors: Tikunov V.S. , Belozerov V.S. , Esikova V.O. , Vatlina T.V.
Published: October 2023

The export of education is an important part of the socio-economic strategies of the world`s leading countries; it has become a budget revenue, a soft power tool, and a significant demographic resource. The system of state education export policy is formed in Russia, and the authors present the results of the study in the main areas of this process. The purpose of the work is to develop cartographic support for researching regional features of education exports in the country based on GIS technologies. A series of thematic cartographic materials was created, based on the maps where all-Russian and regional features were revealed
Features of archaeological microdistrict “Ingalskaya Dolina” territories management in the Tyumen oblast
Authors: Kravchenko T. V. , Bogdanova O.V.
Published: October 2023

The authors consider the problem of protection of territories with signs of historical and cultural heritage, as well as unique natural and landscape originality. An example of solving it is given through considering such areas as especially valuable and taking them under state protection, with preservation in original historical, cultural and natural conditions. A project is proposed to create a historical and cultural reserve as a specially protected land, which is the most effective form of arranging this object. Taking into account the functional zoning of the territory, as well as according to the rules of local land management, the boundaries of the projected historical and cultural reserve are determined and a corresponding map is developed. The guarantee of creating such a complex is allocation of a zone of specially protected natural territories with the appropriate land management
Cooperation models in the Eastern Asia (on the example of Japan)
Authors:   The the Economic Research Institute, the Far-Eastern branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sukhanov I. A.
Published: October 2023

Limitations of the World Trade Organization system have pushed countries to intensify an independent cooperation agenda through development of bilateral relations outside the WTO. In the international economic space, from the geographical point of view, three basic trade blocs can be identified: the European bloc, the North American bloc and the East Asian bloc, with each having its own way of creating cooperation ties. In East Asia, the Big Three of Northeast Asia (the Republic of Korea, Japan and China) as well as Singapore play leading roles in intensification of cooperative ties. At the same time, Japan was one of the first states in the region that based its cooperation policy on several models that became a template for other East Asian countries. Thus, since 2003 the Republic of Korea has been implementing an FTA strategy and has been applying models of cooperation tested by Japan. Major models include: the «North-South» model, the «Flying Geese» paradigm, the «Core-Periphery» model and the «Hub-and-Spokes» model. It is important to note that models do not function separately, but form integration architecture for the countries, based on the objectives and specifics of cooperative ties. At the same time, the initiator in these forms of cooperation is the corporate sector: for example, keiretsu in Japan and chaebols in the Republic of Korea. Business needs are carried to the state/interstate level and can act as a trigger for establishment of regional trade agreements that allow create vertical and horizontal links determining stability of the international economic structure
INOBSERVÂNCIA DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS E DESIGUALDADES DE ACESSO A VACINAS CONTRA A COVID19 NOS DOCUMENTOS DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS
Authors: Rezende Maria José de
Published: October 2023

Serão mapeadas e analisadas, neste estudo, as proposições prescritivas feitas em 2020 e 2021, pelas Nações Unidas, acerca da urgência de os diversos países implementarem políticas internas e externas de garantia do direito de acesso a vacinas contra a Covid-19 como uma forma de estabelecimento de políticas de observância aos direitos humanos e fundamentais. As proposições prescritivas são, neste caso específico da pandemia, todos os intentos, do sistema das Nações Unidas, para influenciar as agendas governamentais e não-governamentais nas políticas de enfrentamento ao SARS-CoV-2 e suas consequências deixadas em todas as dimensões da vida social. A igualdade de direito ao acesso a vacinas é mostrada como núcleo central dos investimentos capazes de diminuir a vulnerabilidade e a insegurança sanitária no mundo atual. Esta é uma pesquisa documental que busca desvendar o caráter político das proposições, formuladas pela ONU para combater a pandemia da Covid-19, assentadas em solidariedade e cooperação entre países, governantes, lideranças políticas, organizações da sociedade civil e povos diversos. A análise dos argumentos, presentes nos documentos, indica que as perspectivas de solidariedade e cooperação são desafiadas por questões que estão na base da desigualdade de direito ao acesso a vacinas, tais como: os desequilíbrios de poder entre países e dentro dos países, as dificuldades de compartilhamentos de patentes e tecnologias, a inobservância dos direitos humanos de grupos populacionais diversos, a concentração de recursos e riquezas, que tornam remotas as chances de estabelecimento de políticas efetivas de acesso à imunização universal.
TERRA QUE HÁ EM NÓS
Authors: Davim David Emanuel Madeira , De Paula Luiz Tiago
Published: October 2023

O que este escrito propõe são alguns passos, rumo a um querer-saber. Um saber que enlaça, em um único vôo, artes, ciências e filosofias para, assim, tecer entendimentos sobre um tema em questão: a crise ambiental contemporânea. Neste esforço interdisciplinar, a arte, em especial, o samba, nos alimenta de belíssimas imagens, para então refletir sobre o desencontro e ruptura humano-natureza. Imagens estas gestadas na reunião poética de artistas do samba. Ao nosso ver, de tal rompimento se releva o fundamento da crise em discussão. Aqui, algumas interpretações das artes são apropriadas pelo pensamento ambiental, sendo o último amparado por reflexões geográficas sobre a relação meio e sociedade. O ser humano perdeu a dimensão da terra que há em si mesmo, a partir do momento que se afastou e continua a se afastar da efetividade imanente. Paralelo a esse desterro, o pensamento convencional confortou-se em bases transcendentais, forjadas pelo peso e autoridade do racionalismo. Do otimismo racional fez-se o otimismo da técnica, edificada para submeter a natureza aos seus interesses. É sobre esse caminho que trilhamos, no esforço de compreender e pensar a crise que precisa ser enfrentada em nosso tempo.
ADEMAFIA E O SANTO AMARO
Authors: Sousa Everthon Cosme de , Bastos Rafael Schneider
Published: October 2023

O intuito deste artigo é apresentar o Instituto Ademafia e apontar como, principalmente através do skate, este influenciou uma série de transformações sociais de caráter popular na comunidade do Santo Amaro, localizada no bairro do Catete, zona sul do Rio de Janeiro – RJ. Comunidade esta, que acumulou marcas profundas de desigualdade ocasionadas pelo desamparo governamental e pela má organização do espaço urbano, em função de políticas neoliberais. Através das metodologias de levantamento bibliográfico e pesquisas de campo, pôde-se analisar o processo histórico de ocupação do local, e com as entrevistas, observar um fenômeno de colaboração mútua entre os moradores e o instituto, que teve nas aulas de skate oferecidas para as crianças da comunidade o seu ponto de partida. Pudemos compreender que os esforços dos agentes envolvidos têm resultado em uma ressignificação do espaço do Santo Amaro e configurado um movimento de resistência, transformando a comunidade em um local de oportunidades para a juventude e crescente aumento da qualidade de vida.
Bacterial multi-resistance to antibiotics in water from plant cavities (phytotelms) in a deep tropical forest from Costa Rica
Authors: Sánchez-Vargas Stephanny , Vargas-Jiménez Paula , Vega-Corrales Luis , Pérez-Molina Junior Pastor
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The spread of antimicrobial resistance in natural environments continues to be reported throughout the world; nevertheless, there is no study about phytotelms (water in the natural cavities of plants) in the deep understory of tropical cloud forests from Costa Rica. Objective: To detect phytotelm antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains in a Costa Rican forest and nearby town. Methods: We used the disk diffusion method to analyze the antimicrobial resistance of 10 gram-negative bacterial strains from phytotelm water collected from 10 bromeliads and 10 heliconias in both sites. Results: Three strains were multidrug resistant to more than three antibiotics in each site, and only one strain was susceptible to all antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance was similar in both environments. Conclusions: Phytotelm can be a rapid, cost-effective, and simple source for detecting antimicrobial resistance in unexplored environments.
Olhar docente do ensino superior em período de pandemia: um relato de experiência
Authors: Freitas Santos Mona , Santos Duarte Ana Cristina , Martins Sampaio Bertani Samylle , Batista Bromochenkel Cattiúscia
Published: October 2023

O estudo busca refletir a percepção de profissionais da Educação Superior a respeito do processo de migração de aulas presenciais para aulas virtuais através do relato de experiência. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa do tipo relato de experiência, realizado por três docentes do ensino superior, de uma mesma instituição de ensino, dos cursos de Enfermagem, Odontologia e Psicologia. O professor, nesta perspectiva, teve como principais desafios: a adaptação rápida a uma nova modalidade de ensino, a aprendizagem de novos sistemas e tecnologias, a necessidade de reformulação rápida dos planos de ensino e a adaptação ao modelo de atividade síncronas e assíncronas, a estrutura física para ofertar as aulas e o repensar das práticas pedagógicas. Para além de desafios, houve a oportunidade do conhecimento de novas ferramentas e tecnologias, a melhoria nas competências docente e a qualificação e habilitação para o cenário atual.
Experiences of digital education from the students’ perspective
Authors: Dominek Dalma Lilla , Barnucz Nóra , Uricska Erna , Christián László
Published: October 2023

According to some literature about communication in a target language, digital competency and creativity are highly important, and achieving this is exceedingly feasible with the methods employed in experiential education.The aim of the present study was to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the online and offline digital education of students at the University of Public Service (hereinafter: UPS) in Budapest, Hungary, utilizing planned experience-based research. The relevance of the research covers two independent and separate quantitative research themes: 1. digital education during the first period of the coronavirus pandemic; and 2. online quantitative exploratory research. The results of the research support the planned experience-based research and confirm it is suitable for measuring the “flow state” of students, where flow is the optimal state where someone is fully engaged in a task at hand with little distraction. It was revealed that students can reach a high flow state when participating in a digital learning environment, which facilitates high motivation to participate in the lessons and has positive effects on the development of the students’ communication and digital competences.
Trust is in the (linguistic) details: policing digilect as a communication practice
Authors: Uricska Erna
Published: October 2023

The use of social network sites by law enforcement agencies takes place between the police as a service provider and the members of the public. Site administrators need to find a communication style that is understandable to the broadest audience. In the course of my research, I examined the entries created on the Instagram profiles of the Budapest Metropolitan Police Headquarters (Budapesti Rendőrfőkapitányság, hereinafter: BRFK) and the Hungarian Police (Magyar Rendőrség, hereinafter: MR) in two sampling periods (sampling took place in the first month of both profiles, and a year later) using the methodology of content and discourse analysis. Comparison of the results has shown that there is a more casual style of gaining the trust of the population. Appropriate and regular partnership communication with civilians can be used effectively in crime prevention and detection, and can also have positive effects on security.
Crystalline silica-induced recruitment and immuno-imbalance of CD4 + Tissue Resident Memory T cells promote the progression of silicosis.
Authors: Li Chao , You Yichuan , Wu Xiulin , He Yangyang , Yuan Haoyang , Chen Yinghui , Wang Sisi , Min Hui , Chen Jie
Published: October 2023

Background: Occupational crystalline silica (CS) particle exposure leads
to silicosis. The burden of CS-associated disease remains high, and
treatment options are limited due to vague mechanisms. CD4
tissue-resident memory T cells (T
) accumulate in the lung responded to CS particles,
mediating the pathogenesis of silicosis. Methods: Based on silicosis
murine model by single intratracheal instillation of CS suspension, we
further employ adoptive transfer, FTY720 treatment, and parabiosis
murine model to explore their source. After defining T
cell subsets by CD103 and CD69, we intervene CD103
subset and block IL-7 signaling to alleviate
silicosis. Results: The CD4 T
cells are derived from peripheral lymphocyte recruitment and in
situ expansion. Specifically, T -Treg cells depend
more on circulating T cell replenishment. The cell retention markers
CD103 and CD69 can divide the T cells into effector
and regulatory subsets. However, targeting CD103 T
-Treg cells do not mitigate disease phenotype since
the T subsets exerted immunosuppressive but not
pro-fibrotic roles. We further dissect that IL-7 signaling promotes the
progression of silicosis by tuning the maintenance of T
-effector T cells. Conclusion: Our findings highlight
the distinct role of CD4 T cells
in mediating CS-induced fibrosis and provide potential therapeutic
strategies for silicosis.
Lonesome plants: How isolation affects seed set of a threatened dioecious shrub
Authors: García-Guzmán Patricio , Loayza Andrea , Carvajal Danny , Carozzi-Figueroa Giovanni
Published: October 2023

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Plant reproductive failure is a critical concern
for conserving rare and endangered species that typically have
low-density and sparse populations. One important factor contributing to
reproductive failure is the spatial arrangement of plants within a
population, which can lead to isolation and negatively affect seed
output, particularly in obligate outcrossers. Additionally, this effect
can be compounded by plant size. Here, we investigate how plants’
spatial distribution and size influence the reproductive success of
Carica chilensis, a threatened papaya species. METHODS Using flower
exclusion, we first examined whether C. chilensis can produce seeds via
apomixis. We then used Spatial Point Pattern Analysis (SPPA) in three
populations to examine the spatial arrangement of plants and, finally,
we assess whether plant size and mate distance influence the
reproductive success of this plant species. KEY RESULTS C. chilensis is
a dioecious shrub unable to produce fruits through apomixis. The SPPA
revealed significant clustering of female and male plants at different
spatial scales, indicating a non-random distribution. Moreover, a
significant attraction between the sexes suggested a preference for
proximity. In two populations, closer proximity to male plants was
linked to higher seed production. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that
the absence of apomixis in C. chilensis makes it prone to experiencing
distance-dependent reproductive failure. In particular, the seed set was
compromised in female plants isolated from male neighbors. This link
between isolation and seed production was especially significant in the
driest site, and we discuss how environmental factors can exacerbate
this effect.
Plant Mitochondrial Genome Map (PMGmap): A Software Tool for Comprehensive Visualization of Coding, Non-coding and Genome Features of Plant Mitochondrial Genomes
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Chen Hai-Mei , Ni Yang , Wu Bin , Li Jingling , Burzyński Artur , Liu Chang
Published: October 2023

Genome visualization tools are important for exploring genomic features
and their interactions. Currently, visualization of the plant
mitochondrial genomes (mitogenome) depends on those tools designed
originally for animal mitogenomes and plant plastomes. These tools
cannot faithfully present features unique to the plant mitogenomes, such
as non-linear exon arrangement for genes, prevalence of functional
non-coding features, and complex chromosomal architectures. To address
these challenges, a software package plant mitochondrial genome map
(PMGmap), was developed using Python programming language. PMGmap can
draw genes at exon levels, draw cis- and trans-splicing gene maps, draw
non-coding features, draw repetitive sequences, scale the genic regions
using a scaling the genic regions on the genome (SGM) algorithm, and
draw multiple chromosomes simultaneously. We compared PMGmap with other
leading tools on 405 plant mitogenomes and found that PMGmap allowed the
visualization of the above-mentioned features better than those tools.
We believe PMGmap will become an invaluable tool for plant mitogenome
research. The web and container versions and the source code of PMGmap
can be accessed at http://www.1kmpg.cn/pmgmap.
Field-based high throughput phenotyping of Fusarium head blight in wheat using an RGB based deep neural network approach
Authors: Cooper Julian , Du Chuan , Beaver Zach , Zheng Ming , Page Rae , Wodarek Joseph R. , Matny Oadi , Szinyei Tamas , Quiñones Alejandra , Anderson James A. , Smith Kevin P. , Yang Ce , Steffenson Brian J. , Hirsch Cory D.
Published: October 2023

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an economically important disease in wheat
which can cause yield losses >50%. Breeding for host
resistance is the most effective control method, however time, labor,
and human subjectivity limit phenotyping efforts. A novel,
high-throughput phenotyping rover was used to collect in-field RGB
images of inoculated wheat spikes at multiple time points in 2021 and
2022. A deep neural network pipeline was developed to classify wheat
spikes, segment healthy and diseased tissue, and quantify FHB severity
as the region of intersection between spike and disease masks. To
validate the pipeline, model inferences on a plot and spike scale were
compared to five raters who performed disease scoring in the field and
on images. The precision and throughput of the phenotyping rover and FHB
quantification pipeline exceeded conventional rating methods. The plot
aggregate disease scores based on pipeline outputs correlated strongly
with plot-level disease scores by raters in the field and imagery. When
comparing disease annotations on spike images, pipeline to human disease
correlations were equivalent to correlations between raters, however
location tended to influence disease assessment. The pipeline has strong
generalizability and performed well on images taken across environments,
with different camera orientations, and throughout disease progression.
These results demonstrate a breakthrough in FHB phenotyping and
facilitate precise and efficient disease quantification on spikes and
plot aggregates across time and imaging conditions that are unachievable
using conventional methods.
Increasing the Throughput of Annotation Tasks Across Scales of Plant Phenotyping Experiments
Authors: Sheng Hudanyun , Gutierrez Jorge , Schuhl Haley , Murphy Katherine M. , Acosta-Gamboa Lucia , Gehan Malia , Fahlgren Noah
Published: October 2023

PlantCV is an open-source open-development image analysis software
package for plant phenotyping written in Python that has been actively
developed since 2014. A new version of PlantCV was recently released.
Major goals of the version 4 release were to 1) simplify the process of
developing workflows by reducing the amount of coding needed; 2)
broadening the set of supported data types; and 3) introducing
interactive annotation tools that can be used directly in PlantCV
workflow notebooks. Here we highlight the use of point annotations that
can be used to quickly collect sets of points for parameterization of
functions such as regions of interest or the identification of landmark
points. Another application of point annotations this for image
annotation, which is a major bottleneck in plant phenomics. For example,
we have used point annotations to analyze microscopy images aimed at
measurement of quinoa salt bladders, the number and size of stomata, and
scoring of pollen germination. These tasks have traditionally been low
throughput and have required manual scoring, but our point annotation
tools can be used along with traditional segmentation methods to
semi-automatically detect and annotate images. The PlantCV point
annotation tools also allow users to correct semi-automated detection
results before classification (e.g., germinated vs non-germinated
pollen) and extraction of size & color traits per object. Once images
are annotated, results can be analyzed directly or potentially can be
used as labeled data in supervised learning methods.
Rebuilding Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises Post-COVID-19 in Mongolia
Authors:   Asian Development Bank, Chen Jinqiang , Luvsandorj Bolormaa ,   Bodhi Financial Advisory Services LLC
Published: October 2023

This brief looks at how projects to build entrepreneurial capacity and improve access to finance and equipment can strengthen the resilience of Mongolia’s micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). It details how MSMEs, which account for around 70% of Mongolia’s employment, suffered financially during the COVID-19 pandemic and shares feedback from needs assessments, capacity building, and equipment provision programs. It recommends future programs focus on improving access to loans, offer e-commerce and digital marketing training, and support the growth of local cooperatives to bolster income equality and build more sustainable businesses.
Macroeconomic Policies Promoting Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy
Authors:   Youcheng Foundation, Tang Min , Ren Yujie ,   Central University of Finance and Economics, Wang Yao ,   Central University of Finance and Economics, Qi Wen ,   Asian Development Bank
Published: October 2023

This brief analyzes how macroeconomic policies can help accelerate the transition of carbon-intensive industries to a low-carbon future. Noting that the People’s Republic China aims to be carbon neutral by 2060, it suggests how policymakers can provide clear guidance, boost industry knowledge and capacity, and improve risk management. Addressing how the shift could spark higher inflation and job losses, it underscores the need to promote carbon pricing and increase international competition to support an orderly transition to a greener economy.
Tendencje zmian intensywności produkcji rolniczej w Polsce w aspekcie potencjalnych oddziaływań środowiskowych
Authors: Kopiński Jerzy
Published: October 2023

Celem badań była ocena tendencji zmian intensywności produkcji rolniczej w aspekcie potencjalnych oddziaływań środowiskowych ocenianych na podstawie bilansu azotu brutto. Analizę zmian w ujęciu przestrzennym i dynamicznym przeprowadzono w oparciu o średnie kroczące trzyletnie w okresie lat 2002-2009. Wyniki analiz wskazują, że obserwowany w Polsce dynamiczny wzrost intensywności produkcji roślinnej powodowany był głównie znaczącym zwiększeniem zużycia nawozów mineralnych. Ta wzrostowa tendencja, widoczna także w wynikach bilansu azotu, wskazuje na wzrost niekorzystnego oddziaływania intensywnej produkcji rolniczej na środowisko.
Zmiany wydajności rolnictwa Polski i innych krajów Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Nowak Anna
Published: October 2023

Celem opracowania była ocena zmian, jakie dokonały się w wydajności rolnictwa Polski i pozostałych krajów Unii Europejskiej w latach 2000-2008. Jak wykazała analiza danych EUROSTAT, wzrost wydajności ziemi w Polsce, podobnie jak w wielu nowo przyjętych krajach UE, był w badanym okresie większy niż w krajach tzw. starej Unii. Wzrost wydajności pracy był także charakterystyczny głównie dla nowych członków Wspólnoty, w tym dla Polski. W większości krajów wysoko rozwiniętych wydajność pracy w rolnictwie w badanym okresie utrzymywała się na poziomie niższym niż w 2000 roku. Jednak mimo tendencji wzrostu wydajności pracy i ziemi, wskaźniki te w Polsce pozostają nadal niższe niż w krajach UE-15.
System płatności bezpośrednich w Polsce w kontekście rozwiązań stosowanych w Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Żmija Dariusz
Published: October 2023

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaprezentowanie systemu płatności bezpośrednich w Polsce w kontekście rozwiązań stosowanych w Unii Europejskiej. W pracy przedstawiono krótko ewolucję płatności bezpośrednich w ramach Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej, zaprezentowano podstawowe informacje na temat modeli płatności bezpośrednich obowiązujących w Unii Europejskiej oraz szczegółowo scharakteryzowano system płatności bezpośrednich obowiązujący w Polsce. Następnie dokonano próby określenia zalet i wad poszczególnych systemów płatności bezpośrednich obowiązujących w UE z perspektywy Polski
The British Influence on Barrow, Wade, Guthrie & Company, 1883–1950
Authors: Lee Thomas A.
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to provide additional data and insight regarding the recent history of Barrow, Wade, Guthrie & Company (BWGC) by T. Flesher, D. Flesher, and Previts (2023). BWGC was a national public accountancy firms founded by British accountants in the U.S. in 1883. It merged with a global firm in 1950. The study provides information about 62 British accountants who had immigrated to the U.S. by the outbreak of World War I and subsequent employment with BWGC. The study includes additional data on the main BWGC founder and illustrates biographical discrepancy due to use of secondary sources.
The Impact of the Type of Cybersecurity Assurance Service and Cybersecurity Incidents on Investor Perceptions and Decisions
Authors: Perols Rebecca R.
Published: October 2023

Regulators, investors, and boards of directors are increasingly demanding information about organizations’ cybersecurity risk management. I examine the effect of the AICPA’s voluntary cybersecurity examination service on investor perceptions and decisions. Similar to a previous AICPA IT-related assurance service called WebTrust that failed in the marketplace, cybersecurity examinations face competition from less comprehensive and less costly assurance services in a nonstandardized assurance market, and it is unclear whether investors will recognize the value provided by the more comprehensive assurance service. I find that investors are more willing to invest when management disclosures describe a cybersecurity examination compared with a less comprehensive assurance service but only if the assurance is in response to a cybersecurity incident. I also find that this effect is mediated by investor perceptions of assurance quality. I, however, do not find support for these same effects when the assurance is disclosed in the absence of an incident.
Does Goodwill-Related Critical Audit Matters Disclosure Influence Firms’ Financial Reporting Decisions? Evidence from Goodwill Impairment
Authors: Jahan Nusrat , Karim M. Sydul
Published: October 2023

We investigate whether the new critical audit matters (CAMs) disclosure requirement for auditors under the PCAOB Standard AS 3101 affects audited firms’ financial reporting decisions in the context of goodwill impairment recognition. We argue that an auditor's intense engagement with management and the audit committee in the CAMs determination and evaluation process improves management's information sets. Specifically, we report that the propensity to recognize goodwill impairment loss increases for firms with goodwill-related CAM disclosure relative to those without. This result is more pronounced when the likelihood of expected impairment is higher, suggesting that CAMs reporting lowers managers’ discretion in delaying impairment loss recognition. Additionally, we find that goodwill-related CAM disclosure increases the length and use of uncertain words in goodwill-related footnote disclosure by management but has no significant impact on audit costs. Overall, these findings suggest that adopting CAMs requirements can reduce management's discretion in financial reporting decisions.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: M41; M42.
Comments of the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on the PCAOB’s Proposed Amendments Related to Aspects of Designing and Performing Audit Procedures That Involve Technology-Assisted Analysis of Information in Electronic Form
Authors:   Participating Committee Members, Boland Colleen M. , Hermanson Dana R. , Higgs Julia L. , Pyzoha Jonathan S. , Zhang Yibo
Published: October 2023

On June 26, 2023, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the Board or PCAOB) issued a request for comment on its Proposed Amendments Related to Aspects of Designing and Performing Audit Procedures That Involve Technology-Assisted Analysis of Information in Electronic Form (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) 2023a). This commentary summarizes the participating committee members’ views on the proposal. We first provide answers to specific questions posed in the release, viewing the issuance of a new standard as a given. Subsequently, we also examine how well the proposal’s economic analysis establishes a solid foundation for new standard setting.
Fill in the Blank? A Discussion of Prefilled Tax Returns in the U.S.
Authors: Gillette Davidson B. , Lawson James G. , Stinson Shane R.
Published: October 2023

The U.S. tax system imposes a substantial cost of preparation on individual taxpayers. Prefilled tax returns, in which the government prepares tax returns and provides them to taxpayers for any necessary revisions or approvals, would fundamentally overhaul this practice. Such a program has long been debated in the U.S., including multiple recent legislative proposals of a “Tax Filing Simplification Act.” In this paper, we consider a prefilled tax return system for the U.S., concluding that it offers the opportunity to improve the tax filing experience of many Americans by reducing their involvement in an activity widely perceived as unpleasant. However, effective implementation will require careful design. We draw on the implementation and design of programs in other developed countries, along with relevant academic research, to provide insight into the potential design of a prefilled tax return program in the U.S.
Neurophysiological markers that link genes and behavior in humans: examples from rare genetic syndromes associated with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Sysoeva Olga  V.
Published: October 2023

Rare genetic syndromes associated with autism spectrum disorders have several noninvasive neurophysiological markers that can be linked with molecular genetic characteristics and behavioral characteristics in these diseases. For the recently discovered Potocki–Lupski syndrome associated with disturbances on the 17p11.2 segment, a previously undescribed epileptiform activity was detected, characterized by a saw-like hypersynchronization at a frequency of 13 Hz, which may indicate a certain type of disturbance in the excitation/inhibition balance in neural networks. For a rare case of microduplication in SH3 and ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3), also associated with the Phelan–McDermid syndrome, we described a pathway from a violation in the functioning of the SHANK3 protein, through a distorted interaction of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, primarily associated with hypofunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors on inhibitory neurons, to reduced temporal resolution in the auditory cortex, reflected in the absence of response following 40 Hz auditory stimulation (40 Hz auditory steady-state response) and underlying problems in speech development. For the Rett syndrome, which is caused by a mutation in methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2), which has a very wide influence on many other genes, the neurophysiological findings were also diverse. Among the most promising are changes in sensorimotor rhythm, potentially associated with a key symptom of the disease, namely, stereotyped hand movements, as well as more delayed latency of the main components of the event-related potentials, which can have a cascading effect on information processing and affect the perception of basic information, including speech.
This review focuses on the presentation of the concept of a neurophysiological profile, the construction of which can help not only to objectify the diagnosis of developmental disorders, but also in the construction of a mechanistic chain from gene to behavior.
ESTIMASI OUTPUT KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWA (PE) DI DESA SUNGAI LANGKA KECAMATAN GEDONG TATAAN KABUPATEN PESAWARAN
Authors: Apriliyani Nurul Laila , Qisthon Arif , Adhianto Kusuma , Dakhlan Akhmad
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai Natural Increase (NI), Net Replacement Rate (NRR), dan Estimasi output Kambing Peranakan Etawa (PE) di Desa Sungai Langka, Kecamatan Gedong Tataan, Kabupaten Pesawaran. Materi penelitian yang digunakan berupa 21 orang peternak dan 85 ekor kambing  PE. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Mei sampai dengan Juni 2022 dengan metode survey dan pengambilan data secara purposive sampling.  Peubah yang diamati adalah identitas peternak, jumlah ternak kambing PE melahirkan selama setahun, jumlah kelahiran cempe jantan dan betina, jumlah ternak kambing PE mati selama setahun, manajemen pemeliharaan, dan lama penggunaan ternak dalam populasi.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai NI kambing PE di Desa Sungai Langka sebesar 25,88%, nilai NRR kambing PE jantan 167,04% dan kambing PE betina 136,32%, nilai output kambing PE di Desa Sungai Langka sebesar 23,52%.  Simpulan yang didapatkan adalah estimasi output Kambing PE di Desa Sungai Langka termasuk dalam kategori tinggi, sehingga perlu dipertahankan. Desa Sungai Langka berpotensi untuk dijadikan sumber pembibitan kambing PE di wilayah Kabupaten Pesawaran.
TINGKAT INFESTASI CACING HATI PADA SAPI PO DI KELOMPOK TANI TERNAK RESA JAYA DAN KARYATANI DESA REJOSARI KECAMATAN NATAR KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Susandi Fani Saparinda , Husni Ali , Hartono Madi , Santosa Purnama Edy
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat infestasi cacing hati (Fasciola sp.,) pada Sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) di Kelompok Tani Ternak Resa Jaya dan Kelompok Tani Ternak Karyatani Desa Rejosari, Kecamatan Natar, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan yang dilaksanakan pada November--Desember 2022. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode survei. Penyamplingan data ditentukan berdasarkan Rumus Slovin. Jumlah sampel yang didapat sebesar 216 sampel. Data yang diperoleh disajikan dalam bentuk tabulasi dan kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Sampel feses yang diperoleh diperiksa di Laboratorium Parasitologi, Balai Veteriner Provinsi Lampung menggunakan Uji Sedimentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat infestasi cacing hati di Kelompok Tani Ternak Resa Jaya sebesar 30,43% sedangkan di Kelompok Tani Ternak Karyatani sebesar 33,06%. Disimpulkan bahwa tingkat infestasi cacing hati di Kelompok Tani Ternak Karyatani lebih tinggi daripada Kelompok Tani Ternak Resa Jaya.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorriza) DALAM AIR MINUM TERHADAP LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) DAN HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) PADA AYAM KAMPUNG UNGGUL BALITNAK (KUB)
Authors: Wiranti Sindi , Hartono Madi , Suharyati Sri , Siswanto Siswanto
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) dan HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) pada ayam KUB yang diberi ekstrak Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Desember 2022 - Februari 2023 berlokasi di Kandang Open House Laboratorium Lapang Terpadu, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung. Pembuatan ekstrak temulawak dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengolahan Limbah Agroindustri, Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung. Pemeriksaan kadar LDL dan HDL di lakukan di Laboratoirum Pramitra Biolab Indonesia Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. (PO)Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu air minum tanpa ekstrak temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza), air minum dengan penambahan 5% ekstrak temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza) (5 ml ekstrak temulawak + 95 ml air) (P1), air minum dengan penambahan 10% ekstrak temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza) (10 ml ekstrak temulawak + 90 ml air) (P2), dan air minum dengan penambahan 15% ekstrak temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza) (15 ml ekstrak temulawak + 85 ml air) (P3). Peubah yang diamati yaitu kadar LDL dan HDL. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Rataan LDL dan HDL pada penelitian ini berturut-turut dari P0, P1, P2, dan P3, LDL (31,80 mg/dl, 40,60 mg/dl, 36,00 mg/dl, 33,60 mg/dl), HDL ( 55,00 mg/dl, 63,60 mg/dl, 63,20 mg/dl, 61,40 mg/dl). Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian Ekstrak Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza) tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar LDL dan HDL.