bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Pemahaman Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran PKn melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD Materi Sistem Hukum Nasional di Kelas Xa SMAN 1 Huu
Authors: Jamaah Jamaah , Amin Amin
Published: January 2023

Penelitian yang dilakukan berupa penelitian pengembangan model pembelajaran dan tindakan. Penelitian tindakan terikat dalam perencanaan dan pengimplementasiaan perangkat pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperbaiki berbagai masalah yang timbul dalam pembelajaran PKn di kelas Xa SMAN 1 Huu Dompu sebagai berikut: 1) Untuk memperbaiki peningkatan pemahaman siswa pada mata pelajaran PKn dengan mengubah strategi pembelajaran; 2) Untuk melihat hasil dari strategi pembelajaran dengan melakukan observasi. Penelitian tindakan kelas melalui 4 tahap yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi, yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus (tiap siklus dilakukan 2 kali tatap muka). Tehnis analisis yang digunakan kualitatif, pendekatan deskriftif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, pendekatan kualitatif digunakan mendeskripsikan kegiatan siswa selama proses pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian bahwa hasil belajar siswa diperoleh 60%, rata-rata nilai ulangan pada siklus II naik sebesar 0,53 % dibanding kan rata-rata nilai ulangan  siklus I. Rata- rata nilai ulangan pada siklus III naik sebesar  1,02 % di dibandingkan dengan rata-rata nilai ulangan siklus  II. Dengan demikian pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD, pembelajaran PKn Lebih menyenangkan dan penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan aktivitas proses belajar mengajar.
Kariyer Başarısına Politik Beceri ve Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Etkisi: Otel İşletmelerine Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: POLAT Eray , ÖDEMİŞ Murat
Published: January 2023

İşgörenlerin politik beceri (PB) düzeylerinin tespiti, bu becerilerden azami düzeyde nasıl yararlanılabileceği ve işgörenlerin kariyer başarısındaki (KB) rolü, turizm işletmeleri açısından önemli konular arasındadır. Ayrıca otel yöneticilerinin işgörenlerle olan ilişkilerinin işgörenlerin motive edilmesindeki ve KB’deki rolü de otel işletmelerinin etkinliği ve verimliliği açısından değerlendirilmesi gereken konulardır. Bu doğrultuda araştırmada, işgörenlerin PB’leri ile KB’leri arasındaki ilişkiye lider-üye etkileşiminin (LÜE) aracılık edip etmediğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma, İstanbul’daki otel işletmelerinde yürütülmüş ve veri toplama aracı olarak anket kullanılmıştır. Araştırma modeli, Process makro yazılımı ile test edilmiş, aracı değişkenin etkisi ön yükleme metodu ile ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar, PB ile KB arasındaki ilişkiye LÜE’nin aracılık ettiğini göstermiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Bu doğrultuda, KB üzerinde PB’nin, LÜE’ye kıyasla daha büyük bir etkiye sahip olması nedeniyle çalışanların kişisel yeteneklerini geliştirmeleri daha önemli görülmüştür. Bu nedenle çalışanların; iletişim, sosyal zekâ, insanları etkileme gibi doğrudan PB ile ilgili veya müzakere, sorumluluk alabilme, kriz anında sorun çözebilme gibi diğer yeteneklerini geliştirmeleri, yüksek KB elde edebilmelerinin önünü açacaktır.
Stopping of NOx, NP elimination is easiest method to stop global warming
Authors: Ozaki Shoichiro
Published: January 2023

Global warming is caused by the lack of N and P and decrease of CO2 assimilation and decrease of CO2 fix and decrease of heat absorption. Lack of N and P is caused by the elimination of NOx and NP in waste water. Developed countries eliminating NOx by immersion of ammonia to the exit gas and eliminating NP in waste water. Global warming will stop if developed countries stop the elimination of NOx and NP. CO2 assimilation is activated and Global warming will stop In addition production of grain and fish will increase and GDP, national wealth and population will increase. The goal “CO2 increase zero and growth” described in Paris Agreement can be accomplished sooner than 2050. Stopping of ammonia addition to the exit gas and stopping of NP elimination in waste water can stop global warming.
Evaluation of Tomato varieties for growth and yield components in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Mukul , Chaudhary Vimal , Dwivedi P.K. , Dubey S. , Raghav R.S. , Suryawansi A.K. , Singh A.K.
Published: January 2023

Different varieties of tomato trail were conducted as the on-farm tail (OFT) in Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh during 2018-19 and 2019-20 to compare the growth development and production potential of three (3) varieties of tomato viz. local check, Arka Rakshak, Arka Samratat farmers field under Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Raisen. Experimental data were collected, i.e. Plant height, total branch plant1, number of fruits plant1, average fruit weight, fruit length, fruit breath, Fruit yield Plant1 (Kg), fruit yield q/ha, production efficiency (Kg/ha/day), Economic efficiency (Rs/ha/day), Gross returns (Rs/ha), Net Returns (Rs/ha). The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Block Design. The mean data of all the observations over two years were pooled and statistically analyzed. The result revealed that a maximum number of fruit/plant (26.648), average fruit weight (90.634 gm), Fruit yield/Plant, (2.425kg/ha), fruit yield per hectare (471.5182 q/ha), production efficiency (589.397 kg/ha/day), Gross returns (Rs.235758.9 /ha), Net Returns (Rs.143258.9/ha) and B:C ratio 2.54 were found under Arka Samrat whereas, plant height, fruit length and the number of branches per plant were recorded maximum under Arka Rakshak compared to local check varieties.
By-product Utilization of Eri Silkworm Host Plant Tapioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz.): A Review
Authors: Narzary P. R. , M. Saikia
Published: January 2023

Manihot esculenta Crantz., cassava also called tapioca, is a woody tuberous shrub, native to South America. It belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. The leaves of tapioca plant serve as a secondary host plant in eri culture, i.e. rearing of eri silkworm, Samia ricini Donovan, particularly practiced in the north-eastern region of India. Besides the utilization of tapioca tubers for human consumption and as feed for animals, the leaves and tubers of this wonder plant can be used for diversified purposes as in food industry, pharmaceuticals, textile industry, cosmetic industry, explosive industry, paper industry, etc. The ethyl acetate extract of cassava can be used as a potential grain protectant against red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae). Tapioca is not only of low cost but also serves as a wonder plant for sustainable future. The use and exploration of tapioca has much more vivid scope besides its utilization in eri silkworm rearing. In tapioca producing regions of India, tapioca can be utilized for dual purpose of eri silkworm rearing and for other industrial products which will help to grow tapioca based industry. It will also help for the sustainable development of eri silkworm rearers. Indigenous traditional knowledge (ITK) strongly proves that tapioca plants are endowed with pesticidal properties that can be widely explored in agriculture and related fields. Therefore, this article strongly supports and highlights the use and exploration of tapioca in various agricultural and industrial practices.
Fuel Oil Production from Pyrolysis of Waste Polyethylene Carry Bags
Authors: B. Prabha  , D. Ramesh  , S. Sriramajayam
Published: January 2023

Waste plastics are a significant contributor to municipal and industrial wastes. Today, environmental pollution caused by waste plastics is a worldwide serious problem due to their continuous accumulation in the environment and inability to biodegrade for a long period. As a result, it is critical to find a safe way to dispose of waste plastics. Pyrolysis is one of the most effective methods for recovering useful products from waste plastics. The pyrolysis of waste polyethylene (PE) carry bags in a batch-type reactor is studied and discussed in this paper. Generally, the pyrolytic conversion of feedstocks produces solid, liquid, and gaseous products. Optimization experiments were carried out in a batch-type pyrolysis system at 400, 450, 500, and 550 oC to recover maximum fuel oil from plastic wastes. At 500 °C, the maximum fuel oil yielded as 59.3 percent in 42 minutes from waste PE carry bags. Whereas, the char and gas yields ranged from 6.6 and 34.1%, respectively. The calorific value of fuel oil was 40.8 MJ/kg. The presence of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes functional groups in fuel oil was revealed by FT-IR analysis. These findings suggest that fuel oil derived from waste PE bags can be used as an alternative fuel.
Physico-chemical Analysis of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil in and Around Dikom Oil Well of Assam
Authors: Tamuly Borsha
Published: January 2023

North eastern India holds a unique position in the oil map of India because it was the pioneer of Indian oil industry. Exploration, drilling, transportation and accidental spillage in oil field areas often lead to the tremendous effects on soil and water as well as vegetation. A study was conducted to determine the possible effects of crude oil drilling activities in the soil in and around oil well. Soil samples were collected using soil auger during summer and winter seasons at a depth of 0-15cm and a distance of 50m (point A), 100m (point B) and 150meters (point C) from oil spilled site. The soil parameters pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, porosity, water holding capacity, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were analyzed. The pH of the soil sample recorded from 4.36 to 5.29 in summer and 4.67 to 5.76 in winter season. Soil moisture content, WHC, porosity, EC, phosphorous content was lowest in point A compared to point B, point C and point D(control) in both the seasons. Soil organic carbon (OC), nitrogen, potassium content was recorded highest in point A, point B and point C compared to point D.
Collection and Commercialization of Minor Forest Products in West Medinipur District of West Bengal
Authors: Das Sangjukta , Khare Neelam , Dey Arindam , Kumar Hemant
Published: January 2023

The collection and trading of non-wood forest products (NWFPs) is seen as a lucrative business. It is a significant means of improving the socio-economic situations of indigenous groups living in forest periphery areas, particularly in India. In order to assess collecting, marketization costs of different NTFPs, pricespread, marketing channels, marketing challenges, and prospects of NTFPs in boosting the income of forest fringe people, a study was undertaken in the Paschim Medinipur area of West Bengal. The study also emphasises the significance of comprehending the wide range of use values that should be attributed to forest lands. The current study was conducted using primary and secondary data, as well as a market survey, in twelve sample villages with a total of sixty households. The information was analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, and so on. In these villages in Paschim Medinipur district, there are about 15-20 NTFPs that are extensively found and commercialised. Dry fuel wood, sal leaf, mahua, and mushroom are the most often obtained NTFPs. Aside from that, medicinal herbs such as Kalmegh, Horitoki, and Bahera, among others, are picked and sold in the market. In this area, females are the primary NTFP collectors. Sal trees are the most valuable (UVSal = 3.5) among the species, while mushrooms and Kalmegh have the lowest use value (UVMushroom = 0.5, UVKalmegh = 0.5). When it comes to price-spread analysis, the highest price-spread ratio is for Sal leaves (13.78), followed by Kurchi seeds (7.0) and the smallest for mushrooms (0.25). NTFPs are mostly distributed through both informal and formal channels, with Mahua having the highest net income in terms of income generation among the NWFPs. The successful commercialization of MFPs in the current study area has the potential to raise local people’s living standards.
Study on marigold flower based herbal mosquito repellents using natural binders
Authors: Shah Rajesh Kumar , Rai Mousumi , Bhartia Bedika , Sharma Manjula
Published: January 2023

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the mosquito-repellent property of marigold flower based cakes using natural binders. Marigold flower cakes were prepared using different natural binders such as neem powder, wood powder, coconut shell powder and cow dung and were impregnated with extracted marigold flower oil of different concentrations, i.e. 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% using methanol as a carrier alcohol. The evaluation of mosquito repellent activity was carried out based on 3 parameters – flammability, burning efficiency with respect to burning time and mosquito repellent activity of the cakes. The results showed that marigold flower cakes with neem powder as a binder; impregnated with 15% marigold oil has the most effective repellence activity. From the present study it can be concluded that marigold flower-based cakes can be used as potential repellent against mosquitoes.
Removal of organic pollutant from wastewater using Nano Carbon synthesized from wood waste biomaterial as an adsorbent
Authors: S. Shankari  , S. Rajashalini  , P. Gowri  , R. Prabakaran  , G. Punithakumari
Published: January 2023

With the help of eco-friendly waste materials like Manila tamarind tree bark and shells (Pithecellobium Dulce), the malachite green dye has been removed from wastewater in this investigation. The maximum adsorption of dye was achieved at pH 6.7 in the research work. The removal percentage of Malachite green dye was found to be dependent on the initial concentration of dye solution, and the maximum removal percentage was found to be 85% at 25 mg/L of Malachite green dye. The experimental methods were carried out using the batch adsorption technique. The pH parameter, temperature, adsorption dose, and contact time for the removal of Malachite green dye were studied. The Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin methods were used to calculate equilibrium adsorption data. The thermodynamic parameters such as a change in free energy (G0 ), enthalpy (H0 ), and entropy (S0 ) were determined. The negative values of G0 indicated that the process of dye removal was spontaneous at all values of temperature. Further, the values of H0 indicated the endothermic nature of the process of dye removal from the wastewater.
Seed Vigour Tests on seven Cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris Grown in Chamoli District of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Sobha  , Chauhan J.S. , Subhdara
Published: January 2023

Rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L. family; fabaceae) is also known as kidney bean/ French bean. It is an annual plant and cultivated throughout the world for their edible beans. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of seed vigour by germination test of different cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris grown in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. The experimental material constituted a collection of 7 cultivars (Red small, Red big, Grey, Pink, Yellow, Brown, White) of Phaseolus vulgaris. The seed samples of seven cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris were taken from Joshimath, District Chamoli Garhwal Uttarakhand. Morphological aspects viz; seed weight, seed moisture content, seed density and seed diameter were recorded prior to germination test of Phaseolus vulgaris at Seed Testing Laboratory, Department of Seed Science and Technology, H.N.B Garhwal University. Seeds were sterilized with 0.2% sodium hypochlorite solution for germination test. Two replicates of each variety and 25 seeds in each replicates were kept in petriplates on whatman filter paper. Petriplates were kept in seed germinator at 25 ± 2 °C until final count. The number of normal seedling was counted at the final count, higher the number of normal seedlings greater is the seed vigour. The germination percentage was found 100% in five cultivars, and the other two cultivars showed 96.66% in yellow seeds and 68.33% in Grey cultivar of Phaseolus vulgaris. Brown cultivars represented maximum dry weight of root (0.029 g) while minimum dry weight of root has been recorded in yellow cultivar (0.01353 g). Maximum vigour index were recorded in brown cultivar and minimum was recorded in pink cultivar. The findings from the study indicate that brown cultivar of Phaseolus vulgaris is highly vigours.
The scope of Sustainability in Sustainable Food Value Chain generates opportunities via Canvass model techniques in Indian Food Processing Industries
Authors: Sahu Mandavi , Arora Sapna , Sahu Mayuri
Published: January 2023

A sustainable food value chain consists of all stakeholders participating in coordinated value-driven activities to achieve the long-term objectives of firms and benefit society’s welfare. The study gives an in-depth knowledge regarding the scope of the Sustainability and Business model canvass, makes significant achievements in firms, develops the value proposition, and measures the performance to determine each block’s function. The study adopted an explorative method, which briefly described the Canvass Business Model involved the firms value creation in the food value chain, and also evolved the SFVC framework structure that defines stakeholders’ role and responsibility. The SFVC generates sustainable organizations to achieve long-term objectives and vision and address the complex challenges in firms and their supply chain. The canvass business model made it significant for firms to promote value creation and achieve strategic goals and discussed the performance of all industries through gross value-added activity.
Floristic Composition and Diversity in Response to Varying Degrees of Disturbance in Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests of Southern Haryana, India
Authors: H. Punia  , H. Dhiman  , H. Saharan  , S. Jakhar
Published: January 2023

The aim of the current investigation was to study the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on the vegetation structure of the three Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests of Southern Haryana i.e., Mandhana, Ghasola, and Mandhiali in the Bhiwani, Charkhi Dadri, and Mahendergarh districts, respectively. The data were collected from March, 2020 to March, 2021. The floristic composition was quantified by randomly placing 15 quadrats per site (45 in total). A disturbance index was developed for each site and high, medium and low disturbance areas were identified based on prevailing disturbances that were found to be maximum for Mandhiali (21), followed by Ghasola (16) and Mandhana (9). Ecological parameters such as frequency, density, abundance, basal area, IVI, and diversity indices were calculated for each siteduring the study. A total of 50 species of plants representing 44 genera and 25 families were observed consisting of 14 trees, 9 shrubs, and 27 herbs during the investigation of floristic composition. The species richness decreased with an increase in the disturbance level on the three sites viz., Mandhana (40), Ghasola (33), and Mandhiali (29) respectively. The value of Shannon Weiner diversity index (H’) and Pielou Index of evenness (E) declined with an increasing disturbance while Simpson index of dominance (Cd) increased as the disturbance levels increased across the three sites. The results offer significant evidence that anthropogenic disturbances in arid regions of South Haryana play a vital role in community structure and composition. In a forest ecosystem, anthropogenic disturbances cause habitat fragmentation along with soil erosion, loss of soil fertility and biodiversity, etc. The selected forests are in urgent need of management activities to check the intensity of disturbances by controlling anthropogenic pressure on these ecosystems and save them from further degradation. Thus, the present study intensifies the need for phytosociological studies crucial for proper management and conservation purposes.
Physical-Chemical Properties and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Agriculture Soil in Al-Qadisiyah City by using ArcGIS and Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Kazim Maitham Mohammed , A Kadhum Safaa
Published: January 2023

Al-Qadisiyah governorate is one of the most important agricultural areas in Iraq, and the study was conducted in different areas of the governorate, including seven areas for sampling. The physical-chemical properties and heavy metals of agricultural soils were examined. The results showed that highest value was Ni (189.9 mg/kg) followed by Cr (124.5 mg/kg), Zn (50.8 mg/kg), Cu (36.9 mg/kg), Pb (35.2 mg/kg) and Cd (1.17 mg/kg). Moreover, Ni and Cr concentration levels were higher than Canadian soil guidelines. Geostatistical analysis was applied to know the sources of heavy metals in agricultural soil and results were revealed that Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr were the same pollution sources and Cd and Pb also were the same pollution sources indicating these elements impacted by anthropogenic activities. The Pearson correlation coefficients found some physical-chemical properties role in increasing heavy metals in the soil such as EC and Cu, and also TOC, OM and Cr. Therefore, these results are considered useful for the competent authorities in order to reduce and control these pollutants in agricultural soils.
Barium: Presence in Environment and Health Effects
Authors: Kaur Anudeep , Parkash Chander
Published: January 2023

Heavy metals have high atomic weight and density. These are used in multiple applications. It includes domestic, agricultural, industrial and medical applications. Due to all these uses, wide distribution of heavy metals is also there in environment in the form of waste. It also has potential health effects. Some of these heavy metals are considered as carcinogens. Barium is an alkaline earth metal which is present in food and water naturally. In this paper we will discuss about barium, its distribution, exposure and possible health effects.
WHO’S AFRAID OF A NON-ADAPTABLE CONSTITUTION?
Authors: Terence Rajivan Edward
Published: January 2023

Joseph Raz criticizes John Rawls for a procedure supporting a non-adaptable constitution. This paper considers how a non-adaptable constitution can seem not so counterintuitive and also when.
Public Interest Litigation: An Innovative step towards Judicial Activism
Authors: Kala Dineshbhai Kariya
Published: January 2023

Public Interest Litigation was a revolutionary innovation which attempt to ensure implementation of rescue programme, framed for the benefit of the needy. In India the Judicial Scenario changed during the 1980s when the apex court allowed anybody with sufficient public interest to approach the court and request to enforce any public right or welfare scheme. It also compelled the government and its authorities to perform their task and for this revolutionary action, Justice P.N. Bhagwati & Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer have played a play role in promoting the avenue of approaching the apex court of the country, seeking legal remedies in area where public interests tare at state. PIL is an Innovative step towards Judicial Activism, and also it is an inexpensive legal remedy for those people who are poor, weak, helpless but still there is no awareness or less awareness about judicial activism through PIL in the society. So by this research paper I want to spread awareness. My Aim behind this is to give information to every people whose fundamental rights, Human rights, religious rights etc. are affected. My Aim behind this is to think the people of the society that; The Doctrine of Locus Standi and The Doctrine of the Natural Justice is still alive.
Basic Structure of Federalism And Its Interplay With India’s Obligation To Abide By International Law
Authors: Nivedhitha.K
Published: January 2023

A lot has been debated upon the nature of federalism in India. A few consider it quasifederal, few consider it federal and a few others consider it federal with a centralizing tendency. India's obligation to abide by the International law is one of the pointers that have led to the debate of the state not being an independent unit in the Indian federal system. Federalism in India would be discussed with reference to India's obligation in the International order with special mention to TRIPS (Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Law). Obligations under TRIPS had led to the amendment of the Patent Act which has impacted the agricultural and pharmacy sector both of which fall within the ambit of the State unit and not the Center. Whether India’s obligation under Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) usurps the power from states that they are entitled to have under the Constitution of India? On the other hand, noncompliance with the State's International obligations would tarnish the image of the State in the global order due to violation of the principle of Pacta Sunt Sevaranda. This article critically analyses India's treaty-making power under the Constitution and stresses on the need for the procedure to be compliable with the principle of federalism by incorporating the State units in the treaty- making process.
Humans vs. Animals
Authors: Neelam Sheth Parikh
Published: January 2023

Animals are creatures which cannot express their views, like-dislike, and feelings as Human beings. So, they are in most of cases ill-treated. Human as most intelligent creature can do whatever is his own benefit. Human Rights are the shield for humans to save him from any obligations. One Human treat animals with cruelty and others are just viewers of such act, just because they are also not at all aware about the Rights which are ensured for Animals also. My motive behind this Research paper is to make everyone aware about the Animal Rights. The heart burning question in today’s world in other words a debate now-a-days is Animal Rights Vs Human Rights. So in this paper, I want to share the ―Rights of Animal against Human Beings‖ and ―Rights of Human being against Animals‖.
Rights of Women: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Bhumika Sharma,  , Dr. Rajinder Verma
Published: January 2023

Since Mary Wollstonecraft’s seminal work - A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792), there has been almost centuries of the evolution of the rights of women. The world has witnessed social, economic and legislative reforms around these rights. They are asserting their right to shape their life from within and not to have it shaped for them. Fortunately, the philosophy that a woman being equal is well recognized widely understood and also practically accepted. Still, there exists lack of knowledge how women gained the existing rights. Large number of concerns about the women’s evolving personality and incidental claims are being countered at various levels. More participation of women themselves along with various activists is bringing transformation in this area. Some of the issues have indeed been settled, others not yet. The historical development of their rights is the main focus of this work. The core of the paper may be summed up in the words of Vance Thomson in Woman (1917) – “Whether you like it or not Woman is the Paladin, enormous and strong, of the ideals of tomorrow. She is the future; she is the future home; she is the future state – for she is in the majority both in numbers and in common sense and she has withal a kind of civic integrity, which may be unscrupulous, but which makes nevertheless for victory.”
Legal And Human Rights Perspective of Commercialization of Motherhood in India
Authors: Miss Shivli Shrivastava
Published: January 2023

Surrogacy is an arrangement in which a woman agrees to bear a child of another and to transfer the custody of the child to the intended parents after the birth of the child. It is a practice generally deemed as a good practice which fills the emptiness of the lives of the infertile couples. But behind this good moral practice, it also has a dark side of it. This system leads to commercialization of motherhood which also causes violation of human rights of people. This practice is very popular in India but in absence of law it has become very difficult to regulate this practice and to prevent violation of human rights of people.
Access & Benefit Sharing Provisions Under Biodiversity Conservation Law in Australia & Its Implications for India
Authors: Mehdi Amirmahmoudi & Md. Zafar Mahfooz Nomani
Published: January 2023

Australia played a major role in the developing ABS framework under biodiversity conservation law. Australia is a megadiverse country with complex ABS experience and possessed huge support from the biodiversity stakeholders. Australia has adopted the regulations regarding access benefit sharing under article 15 of CBD, 1992. The Australian legislation is in compliance with PIC and MAT. The agreement reaffirms faith in CBD, 1992, Bonn Guidelines, 2001 and Nagoya Protocol, 2009. The government system of Australia is a constitutional federation which is made up of six sovereign governments, two autonomous territories, and a national government. It has a ‘common law’ system adopted from Britain. Australia’s experience is extensive with ABS to draw lessons about developing an effective institutional mechanism for public and private sector with equitable benefit sharing in scientific and commercial access. The access and benefit sharing provisions under biodiversity conservation law in Australia have potential impact to design its national laws and policies for India by synergizing environmental law and intellectual property rights in a sustainable framework.
Status of Surrogacy in India: A Critical Study
Authors: Hemlata Rani  , Dr. Seema Sharma
Published: January 2023

Marriage is a social institution. Couples may have their own children via procreation, in the standard course of nature. Unfortunately, infertile couples are unable to have children. The infertility may be either medical or social. There is an underlying urge in every human being to produce biological descendants who will carry on their lineage in society. Although, a barren couple has the task of learning to cope with their lack of children both internally and externally. As a result, they believe they must turn to artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, test-tube babies, as well as surrogacy, amongst other methods, in order to ensure their survival in society. These methods brighten their eyes and satisfy their yearning for genetically identical offspring. These advancements have aided infertile couples and adults in overcoming reproduction difficulties caused by infertility, such as medical reasons, the loss of a spouse, being separated, homosexual couples, or gay couples, among other things. Through this paper, I would like to enlighten on surrogacy. Here we would discuss various aspects like meaning, method, types, socio-legal, ethical issues, and various reproductive techniques. In modern age surrogacy is very popular in the whole world. Therefore, surrogacy is a highly sensitive and delicate issue. Indeed, it is high time to enact a law to regulate surrogacy in India. The present paper is totally based on secondary sources of data such as legal journals, books, magazines, newspapers and websites sources etc.
Reflection on Indian and Australian Constitutionalism
Authors: Akanksha Chaudhary
Published: January 2023

Every country has its own Constitution but it does not imply that Constitutionalism is also flourishing there. The term constitution and constitutionalism reflects two different meaning.  As per the scholars, Constitution entrusted with it the written and unwritten principles, which regulate the administration within a nation.  On the other hand, ‘Constitutionalism’ refers to those values, ideas and principles that govern the government organs while performing their function and exercising their powers. These values are so inherent, that without which the spirit of constitution cannot be follows. In the general sense constitutionalism refers a government with limited power and it is antithesis of arbitrariness. Professor Gerhard Casper recognized the descriptive and prescriptive usage of constitutionalism. In descriptive sense it often associated with struggle by historians for acknowledgment of common people’s “right to consent” in constitution and establishment of state institutions as crucial aspect of constitution, and In prescriptive approach it concern with functioning of state functionaries in such a manner that it ensures compliance with constitutional spirit. Therefore, constitutionalism describes both source of power and limitation on that power. Once both India and Australia were British colonies, but after the independence, they adopted their own constitution, which has started to work in its own way. India has a unique experience with regard to constitutionalism. It has excellent administrative structure but excessive bureaucratization, pluralistic society and local politics, which often raise a question on constitutionalism. On the other hand Australian constitution emphasis on institutional arrangements for the purpose of protection of rights and it incorporates sufficient safeguards, which ensure collective decision making by politician. The object of the paper is to provide a comparative analysis of Indian and Australian constitutionalism that will be useful to utilize the experiences of one country to promote the constitutionalism. In this paper, firstly researcher discusses the concept of constitutionalism in India and Australia. Researcher attempted to explore that how the concept of constitutionalism is work and at what extent this concept is undermined in both the countries.
Glycyrrhiza glabra assisted green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles with different applications: A review
Authors: Rakshanda Bairagi  , Shriniwas Patil
Published: January 2023

Several attempts have been made for green synthesis of nanoparticles of different metals, revealing the significance of plant extract in reducing metal source to nanoparticles and applications in various scientific domains. This article focus on the applications on licorice root extract in synthesis of nanoparticles of various metals like gold, zinc, silver etc. Glycyrrhiza glabra is a general herb of the Asian region belonging to family fabaceae and it is commonly used in the diet. Roots of this plant show range of activities including antioxidant, antimutagenic level. And respective research attempts, this metallic nanoparticles were evaluated for one or more applications like anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant activity etc. Use of Glycyrrhiza glabra polar extract indicated involvement of its polar phyto-compounds in reducing the metal source as stabilizing the nanoparticles. In conclusion it could be noted that metal nanoparticles have better antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and nematicidal potential over the aqueous root extract.
Policy Guidelines to Mitigate the Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic towards the Reproductive Healthcare System in Kenya: A Review
Authors:   School of Government and Public Policy, Indonesia, Omari Alex
Published: January 2023

The first case of COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The virus was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 11, 2020. In East Africa, Kenya was leading with 250,000 cases as at October 30th 2021. The Ministry of Health (MoH) was tasked with responding to the pandemic to contain the spread. This was a qualitative study and the study objectives included; determining how decision-making process occurs, strategies to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 to the reproductive health care system, exploring the role of the ad-hoc committee of experts and the COVID-19 Task Force in the response and finding out the factors that policy actors consider when formulating policies. Taguette Software was used to analyze the data qualitatively. The study findings from key informants and document analysis established that, leadership, coordination and collaboration from the different sectors for the COVID-19 response was key. Societal values influenced policy decisions. The study established that, where major political elites had most power, policy was actioned. The MoH should develop contextualized mitigation plans to sustain service provision; focusing on capacity strengthening of providers on emergency responses, task shifting and tele-health. Policy guidelines should be continuously updated to reflect the current status at the national and sub-national levels. In conclusion, the health policy triangle provided a framework for simplifying the complex and dynamic nature of policy making but little consideration to other aspects that describe how and why policies are modified were considered. This needs to be exhaustive. Keywords: COVID-19, Reproductive Healthcare System, Guidelines, Mitigation, Decision Making, Policy Action, Kenya & Task Force
Leadership competency portfolio for universities: A behavioural event- interview approach
Authors: Jais Ismie Roha Mohamed , Azman Azian Mohmad , Abidin Ahmad Shakirin Zainal , Ghani Erlane K
Published: January 2023

Leadership has long been disputed due to its importance in organizations particularly in higher education institutions. The Malaysian ministry of higher education established Akademi Kepimpinan Pendidikan Tinggi (AKEPT) which is involved in leadership talent management for the country's higher education institutions. This paper presents the development of an AKEPT leadership competency portfolio for universities using the Behavioural Event Interview (BEI) instrument. It used the qualitative group method through a focus group discussion. The findings showed that the BEI instrument can be used to determine the competency level of academics in universities. There are five levels of leadership competency: level 1 as an individual contributor, level 2 as daily task supervision, level 3 as managing a function, level 4 as integrating diverse functions and level 5 as leading the whole organization. This study found that the committee developed five competency variances comprising significantly exceeds, exceeds, suitable, developable and reviewable. This paper provides insight into how higher education institutions in Malaysia sustain an organizational culture of excellence. In addition, it provides a model for other educational institutions in developing a leadership competency portfolio.
HISTOQUÍMICA DE OÓCITOS DE PEIXES DO GÊNERO STEINDACHNERINA (CHARACIFORMES: CURIMATIDAE)
Authors: Mata Joana Figueiredo da , Abreu Maria Rusleyd Magalhães de
Published: January 2023

A literatura pouco fala a respeito da biologia reprodutiva do gênero Steindachnerina ou até mesmo da descrição histológica das células reprodutivas destes, caracterizando-os ou mesmo comparando suas atividades funcionais a outros órgãos ou sistemas. O objetivo desta pesquisa é descrever aspectos morfológicos, caracterizar os oócitos e comparar o ciclo de desenvolvimento desses peixes, oriundos de dois lagos na região Amazônica. 
Os ovários foram fixados em Bouin alcoólico, transferidos para o álcool 70%, incluídos em historesina com cortes de 6µm de espessura e submetidos  às técnicas de Hematoxilina e Eosina (HE) e Xylidine Ponceau (XP).
do mesmo lago e entre lagos diferentes. Porém, com relação aos aspectos morfológicos das células, foram identificadas características semelhantes. Os testes indicaram que fêmeas do mesmo lago e de lagos diferentes não apresentaram uniformidade nos resultados nas técnicas aplicadas. Os peixes do lago da Horta, apresentaram metabolismo maior, demonstrado pela intensidade da coloração de suas células. Ocorreu síntese de proteínas nos oócitos de fêmeas de ambos os lagos. No entanto, a ocorrência foi maior no lago da Horta. Além disso, foram detectadas síntese de secreções ácidas e básicas com mais intensidade nas células dos animais no lago da Horta.
Making Math Fun and Engaging via the use of Modern Technology: Capacity Building for Mathematics Teachers
Authors:   occ.gurrea.alma@gmail.com,rubelyn.kionisala@deped.gov.ph, gaspar.batolbatol@deped.gov.ph, & bonotana@cnu.edu.ph, Opol Community College, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines, Jagobiao National High School, Mandaue City, Cebu Province, Philippines, Bantayan National High School, Bantayan, Cebu, Philippines, Cebu Normal University, Cebu City, Philippines, T. Gurrea Alma , K. Ilustrisimo Rubelyn , B. Batolbatol Gaspar , M. Bonotan Amelia
Published: January 2023

The abrupt COVID-19 pandemic breakout shocked the world and forced educational systems to switch instantly to an online teaching-learning format (Dhawan, 2020). Many schools organized training webinars to capacitate their teachers for the online teaching-learning modality. With that, the authors planned, organized and conducted a series of training webinars titled “Making Math Fun and Engaging via the use of Modern Technology: Capacity Building for Math Teachers,” in April 2022, via Zoom platform, for the Math teachers to get updated with the knowledge and skills in using some online apps and make teaching Math online, more exciting and fun. The training was conceptualized following the ADDIE Model: Phase 1- Assessment of Teachers’ Real Training Needs. A survey was conducted on the teachers’ level of knowledge of apps to enhance Math teaching known as technology applications; Phase 2- Designing the Competency Framework for the training program; Phase 3- Developing the training plan; Phase 4- Implementing the teachers’ training; and Phase 5- Evaluating the gains in teachers’ knowledge and skills on the integration of technological apps in teaching Math. So, this study ascertained the impact of the said online training. It utilized a mixed quantitative and qualitative research methodology to assess the effect of using modern technology and used a researchers’ made research instrument. Findings revealed that the training is engaging and informative, which helped the teachers absorb the topics easily and develop a positive attitude toward using the digital application in teaching. Hence, the study recommends that school heads support and motivate the teachers to use modern technology and adopt new educational trends, for better student learning, through continuous professional development and mentoring. Keywords: Modern Technology, Digital Applications, Capacity Building, Mathematics
Instructional Supervisory Engagement of Public Elementary School Heads in the Flexible Learning Environment
Authors:   narcita.ilao@deped.gov.ph, nerrie.malaluan@g,batstate-u,edu,ph, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5413-0677, https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-7898-1214, Batangas State University, Rizal Avenue Batangas City, Philippines, M. Ilao Narcita , E. Malaluan Dr. Nerrie
Published: January 2023

This study ascertained the instructional supervisory engagement of public elementary school heads in the flexible learning environment in the Division of Batangas. It determined the profile of the school heads in terms of highest educational attainment, length of service, related training attended, and ICT literacy. More so, it also identified the school head’s functional level of instructional engagement along with content knowledge and pedagogy, curriculum planning, assessment and reporting, and learning environment. It sought to find out the extent of the manifestation of adaptive leadership skills of school heads. Further, it assessed the relationship of the school heads’ profile with the functional level of instructional engagement and the extent of manifestation of leadership skills and the relationship between the school heads’ level of instructional engagement and the extent of manifestation of adaptive leadership skills to propose a supervisory instructional plan. Meanwhile, the study used a descriptive research design that involved 235 school heads and 380 teachers from public elementary schools in the Schools Division of Batangas Province. Survey questionnaires, focus group discussions, and interviews were used as data-gathering tools. Results revealed that school heads are strongly acquainted with the teaching profession and leadership as manifested in their profile. They have high functional engagement in content knowledge and pedagogy, curriculum planning, assessment and reporting, and in learning environments. Further, no association was found between the respondents’ highest educational attainment, length of service and the functional level of instructional engagement, and the manifestation of leadership skills. Whereas, a number of related training attended showed a relationship between content knowledge and pedagogy same as true with the ICT literacy associated with curriculum planning, communication, and in human relations the rest of the components revealed no significant relationship. Keywords: instructional supervisory plan, flexible environment, new normal, school heads
Business Classification of the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Industry in Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines
Authors:   rbareno045@gmail.com, judygimena@gmail.com, jesszon.cano@bisu.edu.phl, Arcelo Memorial National High School – Cebu, Philippines, University of Cebu – Banilad, Philippines, Bohol Island State University – Candijay, Bohol, Philippines, A. Bareño Reynaldo , F. Gimena Judy Ann , B. Cano Jesszon
Published: January 2023

Industries including SMEs employed contractual employees to cater to the high demand of the labor force during peak months. Through this, they will be able to save costs on benefits. This study explored the experiences of the employer and employees of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Mandaue City, Cebu, 2022. This study utilized descriptive research using quantitative data. In particular, the study was conducted in the selected barangays where there the target small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were located. Using the purposive sampling technique, the respondents of this study were the ten (10) representatives and employees under a short-term employment contract of the small and medium-sized enterprises in Mandaue City, Cebu. Frequency count and the simple percentage were computed to analyze the data about the profile of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The majority of the small and medium-scale enterprises operating in the selected barangays in Mandaue City had 10-99 employees and owned Php3,000,000.00 to Php15,000,000.00. Moreover, more of them were engaged in logistics, warehousing, trading selling construction supplies, and real estate and offering air and sea freight forwarding, trucking, household removals, warehousing and inventory management, courier services, and door-to-door delivery. Also, a good number the SMEs cater to the logistics, warehousing, and trading market. Keywords: Human resource management, labor relations, short-term employment, small and medium-sized enterprises, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines