bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Family Social Capital, Trust within the TMT, and the Establishment of Corporate Goals Related to Nonfamily Stakeholders
Authors: Cabrera-Suárez M. Katiuska , Déniz-Déniz M. Cruz , Martín-Santana Josefa D.
Published: March 2014

Based on a social capital approach, we analyze how structural and cognitive family social capital (FSC) influences the establishment of corporate goals related to nonfamily stakeholders (EGNFS) in family firms. Data were obtained from 374 family and nonfamily members of top management teams (TMTs) in 173 Spanish family firms. Results show that structural FSC directly influences the establishment of corporate goals related to nonfamily stakeholders. Also there is an indirect influence through the effect FSC has on the relational social capital (trust) in the TMT. When data are split based on familial and nonfamilial TMTs (depending on the percentage of family members), results show important differences between the two groups.
The growth and the stagnation of work stress
Authors: Väänänen Ari , Murray Michael , Kuokkanen Anna
Published: March 2014

Stress at work is a frequent subject of scientific research. In most of this, the unit of analysis has been the employee and his or her work stress. Historical, cultural and macro-contextual approaches have rarely been included in the analytical framework. In this study, we examined secular trends in scientific publications on work stress, and analysed how, over a period of 50 years, a new discursive, institutional, intellectual and subjective space has developed, in which questions related to workers’ diminished mental energy became the centre of attention. Our interpretation links the occupational health debate to the broader historical and cultural processes that took place in western countries and work organizations in the period 1960–2011. Our quantitative analysis shows how the number of work stress publications rose steeply until the early 2000s and how the growth evened out and even started to decline in some data sources in the early 2010s. It would seem that work stress research is reaching its peak and that other conceptualizations in the domain of occupational health (e.g. resource-based views) are becoming more important. This historical study provides new insights regarding the nature of work stress and its links with societal changes for all those interested in the changing nature of health at work.
Generation of a large volume of clinically relevant nanometre-sized ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene wear particles for cell culture studies
Authors: Liu Aiqin , Ingham Eileen , Fisher John , Tipper Joanne L
Published: March 2014

It has recently been shown that the wear of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene in hip and knee prostheses leads to the generation of nanometre-sized particles, in addition to micron-sized particles. The biological activity of nanometre-sized ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene wear particles has not, however, previously been studied due to difficulties in generating sufficient volumes of nanometre-sized ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene wear particles suitable for cell culture studies. In this study, wear simulation methods were investigated to generate a large volume of endotoxin-free clinically relevant nanometre-sized ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene wear particles. Both single-station and six-station multidirectional pin-on-plate wear simulators were used to generate ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene wear particles under sterile and non-sterile conditions. Microbial contamination and endotoxin levels in the lubricants were determined. The results indicated that microbial contamination was absent and endotoxin levels were low and within acceptable limits for the pharmaceutical industry, when a six-station pin-on-plate wear simulator was used to generate ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene wear particles in a non-sterile environment. Different pore-sized polycarbonate filters were investigated to isolate nanometre-sized ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene wear particles from the wear test lubricants. The use of the filter sequence of 10, 1, 0.1, 0.1 and 0.015 µm pore sizes allowed successful isolation of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene wear particles with a size range of < 100 nm, which was suitable for cell culture studies.
Detecting the violation of variance homogeneity in mixed models
Authors: Fang Xicheng , Li Jialiang , Wong Weng Kee , Fu Bo
Published: March 2014

Mixed-effects models are increasingly used in many areas of applied science. Despite their popularity, there is virtually no systematic approach for examining the homogeneity of the random-effects covariance structure commonly assumed for such models. We propose two tests for evaluating the homogeneity of the covariance structure assumption across subjects: one is based on the covariance matrices computed from the fitted model and the other is based on the empirical variation computed from the estimated random effects. We used simulation studies to compare performances of the two tests for detecting violations of the homogeneity assumption in the mixed-effects models and showed that they were able to identify abnormal clusters of subjects with dissimilar random-effects covariance structures; in particular, their removal from the fitted model might change the signs and the magnitudes of important predictors in the analysis. In a case study, we applied our proposed tests to a longitudinal cohort study of rheumatoid arthritis patients and compared their abilities to ascertain whether the assumption of covariance homogeneity for subject-specific random effects holds.
Evaluation of cluster recovery for small area relative risk models
Authors: Rotejanaprasert Chawarat
Published: March 2014

The analysis of disease risk is often considered via relative risk. The comparison of relative risk estimation methods with “true risk” scenarios has been considered on various occasions. However, there has been little examination of how well competing methods perform when the focus is clustering of risk. In this paper, a simulated evaluation of a range of potential spatial risk models and a range of measures that can be used for (a) cluster goodness of fit, (b) cluster diagnostics are considered. Results suggest that exceedence probability is a poor measure of hot spot clustering because of model dependence, whereas residual-based methods are less model dependent and perform better. Local deviance information criteria measures perform well, but conditional predictive ordinate measures yield a high false positive rate.
Humphry Fortescue Osmond (1917–2004), a radical and conventional psychiatrist: The transcendent years
Authors: Kaplan Robert M
Published: March 2014

This article describes the life and work of the psychiatrist Humphry Osmond who pursued a radical path as a psychiatrist while he remained within the establishment. To the public mind however, he is best known as the man who introduced Aldous Huxley to mescaline and coined the iconic word psychedelic. From an early stage of his career, Henry Osmond embraced new ideas to break the nexus in psychiatry at a time when neither biological nor psychoanalytic treatments were shown to have much benefit. To do this, he joined the radical social experiment in health in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan where he initiated a range of innovations that attracted international attention, as well as controversy over his espousal of the use of hallucinogens better to understand the experiences of psychotic patients.
Elizabeth Gaskell (1810–1865) and the medical world
Authors: Ross JH
Published: March 2014

Elizabeth Gaskell had several relatives who were doctors, two of whom became well known, and she met many practitioners and specialists. This led to interesting portraits of doctors in her novels and also leads to speculation as to why she includes some real individuals and certain diagnoses and why she gave herself a poor prognosis.
Akhawayni (?–983 AD): A Persian neuropsychiatrist in the early medieval era (9th–12th Century AD)
Authors: Zargaran Arman , Kordafshari Gholamreza , Hosseini Seyyed Rouhollah , Mehdizadeh Alireza
Published: March 2014

The early medieval era is also called the Islamic Golden Age because of the significant rise in sciences, including medicine. Abū Bakr Rabi’ ibn Ahmad Akhawayni Bukhāri (better known as Akhawayni) was one of the notable medical practitioners in his lifetime. His fame was in neuroscience and he became known as Pezeshk-e-Divanegan (Physician to the Insane). His only surviving book, Hidāyat al-Muta’allimin fi al-Tibb (The Students’ Handbook of Medicine), is the first medical textbook in Persian, after Islam. Akhawayni gathered and categorized available knowledge on neuropsychiatry and added his own. He was the first to describe sleep paralysis and to suggest pragmatic rather than supernatural treatment. He was also the first to present fever cure and his descriptions of meningitis ( Lisarghos in Hidāyat), mania, psychosis ( Malikhulia), dementia ( Ghotrab), etc., are close to current concepts.
Using the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Evidence-Based Practice Kits in Social Work Education
Authors: Myers Laura L. , Wodarski John S.
Published: March 2014

In today's climate, it is becoming increasingly important to provide social work students with practice knowledge on research-supported social work interventions. CSWE has placed greater emphasis on using research-based knowledge to inform and guide social work practice, and the field has recognized the value of adhering to the evidence-based practice model in all facets of social work practice. It is at this juncture when social work educators are expected, with ever-diminishing resources, to offer training in evidence-based practice to social work students and practitioners that SAMHSA has developed a series of practice kits on a variety of research-supported treatment programs. Structuring portions of social work education around these toolkits would be one way of promoting a more research-supported curriculum content.
The “Intelligent Layman” and Science Communication in Norwegian Public Places
Authors: Overskaug Kristian , Rokne Arnfinn , Steffensen Morten
Published: March 2014

When the oldest research enterprise in Norway, the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters, was founded in 1760 in the city of Trondheim, the cofounder Johan Gunnerus (1718-1773) said that one objective was to impart sciences to the “intelligent layman”—the man and woman in the street. A museum, a journal, a library, a botanical garden, and funding for research and dissemination are central means employed in this work. Lecturers have also been taking their audience to an untraditional arena, an urban or a rural setting, where they lecture on a topic of current interest using the location as a backdrop. Their audience does not necessarily have prior knowledge of the topic, and the lecturers lacks the safety net that an auditorium represents. The setting requires pedagogical improvement and also encourages discussions and the posing of questions. Has the objective to educate the public been attained?
Treatment of rotavirus-associated diarrhea using enteral immunoglobulins for pediatric stem cell transplant patients
Authors: Williams Devona
Published: March 2014

Diarrhea is a common complication associated with allogeneic and autologous stem cell transplant patients. One potential cause of viral diarrhea is rotavirus gastroenteritis. This study represents a single-center experience of using multiple daily doses of enteral immunoglobulins in four pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients with confirmed rotavirus infections. Four courses of enteral immunoglobulin administration were included for analysis. Clinical characteristics recorded included duration of diarrhea symptoms, frequency of bowel movements, and consistency of stool. Four single courses of enteral immunoglobulins in four patients were included for analysis. Patient age range was from 10 months to 14 years. Three out of four courses observed displayed an improvement in diarrhea frequency and/or stool consistency. Median time from therapy initiation to symptom improvement was three days. At a median 22-month follow-up, one patient was diagnosed with gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease. The time to rotavirus symptom resolution was decreased, compared to historical controls, and improvement in stool frequency and consistency was observed in three of four courses. One case of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease was observed after nearly two years of follow-up. Enteral administration of immunoglobulins may represent a valid clinical option for hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients with rotavirus diarrhea.
Educational Supports for High Functioning Youth With ASD
Authors: Zeedyk Sasha M. , Tipton Leigh Ann , Blacher Jan
Published: March 2014

This article provides direction for educational decision making specifically for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who have the cognitive and adaptive capabilities required to pursue postsecondary college education. The purpose is to draw attention to the available postsecondary pathways, 2- and 4-year college options, by addressing important issues for college-bound young adults with ASD. These include living supports, practical skills, social supports, and educational accommodations. Furthermore, the role of educational and faculty supports is emphasized, as this is an area that has received little research attention.
Comparison sorting on hybrid multicore architectures for fixed and variable length keys
Authors: Banerjee Dip Sankar , Sakurikar Parikshit , Kothapalli Kishore
Published: March 2014

Sorting has been a topic of immense research value since the inception of computer science. Hybrid computing on multicore architectures involves computing simultaneously on a tightly coupled heterogeneous collection of devices. In this work, we consider a multicore CPU along with a manycore GPU as our experimental hybrid platform.

In this work, we present a hybrid comparison based sorting algorithm which utilizes a many-core GPU and a multi-core CPU to perform sorting. The algorithm is broadly based on splitting the input list according to a large number of splitters followed by creating independent sublists. Sorting the independent sublists results in sorting the entire original list.

On a CPU + GPU platform consisting of an Intel i7-980X and an NVidia GTX 580, our algorithm achieves a 20% gain over the current best known comparison sort result that was published by (Davidson et al., 2012). On the above experimental platform, our results are better by 40% on average over a similar GPU-alone algorithm proposed by (Leischner et al., 2010). We also extend our sorting algorithm for fixed length keys to variable length keys. We use a look-ahead based approach to sort strings and obtain around a 24% benefit compared to the current best known solution. Our results also show that our algorithm and its implementation scale with the size of the input. We also show that such performance gains can be obtained on other hybrid CPU + GPU platforms.
Study on the effects of micro size ceramic particulates (SiC, Al2O3 and cenosphere) on mechanical, friction and sliding wear behaviour of aluminium matrix composites under dry sliding condition
Authors: Ekka Kiran K , Chauhan SR , Varun
Published: March 2014

In this work, mechanical properties, frictional wear and seizure of particulate filled aluminium matrix composites have been investigated. Three different particulate fillers taken for this study are SiC, Al2O3 and cenosphere. Percentage reinforcement is also varied from 8 to 16 wt.%. Other factors such as normal load and sliding speed are also considered. It is observed that SiC reinforced composites show better wear resistance and seizure resistance than Al2O3 and cenosphere reinforced composites. The results also showed that cenosphere particulate composites exhibit better seizure resistance than Al2O3 reinforced composites. Regression and artificial neural network are used to develop a model to predict the wear loss.
Attendance at pulmonary rehabilitation classes
Authors: Cassidy Susan , Turnbull Sue , Gardani Maria , Kirkwood Kim
Published: March 2014

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective treatment for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, uptake and adherence to rehabilitation is poor and non-adherence is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. This study investigated the factors that might predict an individual completing his/her PR programme. Demographic, physiological and psychological data were collected from routine assessment information. Non-completers ( N = 213) who dropped out after initial assessment were compared with completers ( N = 438) who attended all 6 weeks of PR programme. Regression analysis indicated that smoking status was the strongest predictor for completing PR programme, that is, ex-smokers were 2.6 times (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.7–3.9) and those who had never smoked were 2.5 times (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–5.7) more likely to complete in comparison with those who were current smokers. Scoring better on psychological well-being measures (odds ratio = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.2–1.9) was also a strong predictor. The findings suggest the areas that could be addressed to enhance adherence to rehabilitation, for example, targeted interventions for clients who continue to smoke and for those who require support for psychological distress.
Estimating endurance shuttle walk test speed using the six-minute walk test in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Wootton Sally L. , Ng Cindy , McKeough Zoe J. , Jenkins Sue , Hill Kylie , Alison Jennifer A.
Published: March 2014

The objective of this study was to derive and validate an equation to estimate the speed for the endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) using results from the six-minute walk test (6MWT) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Participants with diagnosed COPD ( n = 84) performed two incremental shuttle walk tests (ISWTs) and two 6MWTs. ESWT speed was calculated from the ISWT results using the original published method. An equation was derived, which directly related six-minute walk distance (6MWD) to ESWT speed. The derived equation was validated in a different group of people with COPD ( n = 52). There was a strong correlation between average 6MWD and the calculated ESWT speed ( r = 0.88, p < 0.001). The ESWT speed (kilometre per hour) was estimated using the following equation: 0.4889 + (0.0083 × 6MWD). The mean difference (±limits of agreement) between ESWT speeds was calculated using the original published method and found to be 0.03 (±0.77) km/hour. When the ISWT is not the test of choice for clinicians, the 6MWT can be used to accurately estimate the speed for the ESWT.
Use of the Internet and Mobile-Based “Apps” for Sex-Seeking Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in New York City
Authors: Grosskopf Nicholas A. , LeVasseur Michael T. , Glaser Debra B.
Published: March 2014

The Internet continues to be a popular venue for men who have sex with men (MSM) to seek sexual partners. Increased sexual risk behavior has been linked to MSM who use the Internet to seek partners. However, there has been little research on how new mobile-based social networking applications (“apps”) may affect sex-seeking and sexual risk behaviors of MSM. One hundred twenty-six MSM in New York City were recruited to complete an online survey on the use of the Internet and other technology for sex-seeking. The authors collected data on variables of interest including sexual sensation seeking, gay identity affirmation, internalized homophobia, Internet/app use, and sexual behavior with men met via the Internet and mobile apps. Results indicated that men who use both the Internet and mobile apps to seek partners were younger and reported higher incomes ( p < .05) than men who used the Internet only. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to race, sexual sensation seeking, gay identity affirmation, or internalized homophobia, indicating that the use of mobile-based apps for sex-seeking may be simply an example of evolving technologies. These findings may provide insight for the feasibility and planning of effective mobile app-based HIV/STI programs for MSM.
Ibrutinib inhibits BCR and NF-κB signaling and reduces tumor proliferation in tissue-resident cells of patients with CLL
Authors: Herman Sarah E. M. , Mustafa Rashida Z. , Gyamfi Jennifer A. , Pittaluga Stefania , Chang Stella , Chang Betty , Farooqui Mohammed , Wiestner Adrian
Published: March 2014

Key Points

Ibrutinib inhibits both BCR and NF-κB signaling in lymph node and bone marrow resident CLL cells. Rapid and sustained reduction of cellular activation and tumor proliferation was achieved in all anatomic compartments.
Observational Dutch Young Symptomatic StrokE studY (ODYSSEY): study rationale and protocol of a multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Arntz Renate M , van Alebeek Mayte E , Synhaeve Nathalie E , Brouwers Paul J , van Dijk Gert W , Gons Rob A , den Heijer Tom , de Kort Paul LM , de Laat Karlijn F , van Norden Anouk G , Vermeer Sarah E , van der Vlugt Maureen J , Kessels Roy PC , van Dijk Ewoud J , de Leeuw Frank-Erik
Published: March 2014

Background

The proportion of strokes occurring in younger adults has been rising over the past decade. Due to the far longer life expectancy in the young, stroke in this group has an even larger socio-economic impact. However, information on etiology and prognosis remains scarce.

Methods/design

ODYSSEY is a multicentre prospective cohort study on the prognosis and risk factors of patients with a first-ever TIA, ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage aged 18 to 49 years. Our aim is to include 1500 patients. Primary outcome will be all cause mortality and risk of recurrent vascular events. Secondary outcome will be the risk of post-stroke epilepsy and cognitive impairment. Patients will complete structured questionnaires on outcome measures and risk factors. Both well-documented and less well-documented risk factors and potentially acute trigger factors will be investigated. Patients will be followed every 6 months for at least 3 years. In addition, an extensive neuropsychological assessment will be administered both at baseline and 1 year after the stroke/TIA. Furthermore we will include 250 stroke-free controls, who will complete baseline assessment and one neuropsychological assessment.

Discussion

ODYSSEY is designed to prospectively determine prognosis after a young stroke and get more insight into etiology of patients with a TIA, ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage in patients aged 18 to 49 years old in a large sample size.
A critically appraised topic (CAT) to compare the effects of single and multi-cat housing on physiological and behavioural measures of stress in domestic cats in confined environments
Authors: Finka Lauren R , Ellis Sarah LH , Stavisky Jenny
Published: March 2014

Background

Domestic cats have evolved from solitary, asocial predators and whilst they may display social behaviours, they can still exist as solitary survivors. Over-population and relinquishment of pet cats are ubiquitous problems worldwide, and rehoming centres (also known as rescues/ shelters) aim to ameliorate this by holding cats in confinement for a variable period until a new home is found. The provision of optimal housing for large numbers of cats in close confinement, such as in rehoming centres, is therefore inherently difficult. Under these conditions there is the potential for individuals to develop signs of physical and psychological ill health, and thus experience compromised welfare. Available information regarding housing practices that maximise welfare currently provides conflicting results, and as a consequence there are no unanimous housing recommendations. The aim of this study was therefore to review the evidence on the impact of single housing compared to multi-cat housing on stress in confined cats, as measured by physiological and/or behavioural outcomes. The review was conducted using a Critically Appraised Topic (CAT) format. A systematic search of electronic databases (CAB Abstracts, Zoological Records and Medline) was carried out to identify peer-reviewed literature comparing single and multi-cat housing in confined environments.

Results

A total of 959 papers were initially identified, six of which met sufficient criteria based on their relevance to be included within this review. All of the studies had significant limitations in design and methodology, including a lack of information on how groups were assigned, inconsistent handling and enrichment provision between groups, and lack of information on the socialisation status of cats.

Conclusions

Whilst some studies suggested that single housing may be less stressful for cats, others suggested group housing was less stressful. Several other important factors were however identified as potential mediators of stress within the different housing systems, and recommendations based upon these findings are presented.
Anesthetic management of the removal of a giant metastatic cardiac liposarcoma occupying right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Authors: Xu Jianhong , Zheng Yueying , Wang Liqing , Feng Qiang , Yu Ceyan , Zhu Shengmei
Published: March 2014

A 60 years old chinese male scheduled for a removal of an intracardiac mass occupying majority of right ventricular space, right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary artery. The giant cardiac mass was later diagnosed pathologically as metastatic liposarcoma. The patient had a history of surgical removal of myxoid liposarcoma from his left thigh many years ago. It is extremely rare for liposarcoma to metastatize to right ventricle and pulmonary artery. The anesthetic management of the surgical procedure to remove this kind of intracardiac mass poses significant challenges to anesthesia providers. Our patient developed refractory hypotension after induction of general anesthesia which necessitated urgent cardiopulmonary bypass. The surgical procedure was successful and the patient recovered from the surgery and was discharged home without significant complication. Accurate preoperative diagnosis and assessment of patient’s functional status, appropriate preoperative volume status, emergency cardiopulmonary bypass readiness, smooth and gentle induction of general anesthesia with less myocardial depressing agent, and closely monitoring patient’s vitals and hemodynamic parameters are imperative in managing this kind of patients.
A Drosophila immune response against Ras-induced overgrowth
Authors: Hauling Thomas , Krautz Robert , Markus Robert , Volkenhoff Anne , Kucerova Lucie , Theopold Ulrich
Published: March 2014

Our goal is to characterize the innate immune response against the early stage of tumor development. For this, animal models where genetic changes in specific cells and tissues can be performed in a controlled way have become increasingly important, including the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Many tumor mutants in Drosophila affect the germline and, as a consequence, also the immune system itself, making it difficult to ascribe their phenotype to a specific tissue. Only during the past decade, mutations have been induced systematically in somatic cells to study the control of tumorous growth by neighboring cells and by immune cells. Here we show that upon ectopic expression of a dominant-active form of the Ras oncogene (RasV12), both imaginal discs and salivary glands are affected. Particularly, the glands increase in size, express metalloproteinases and display apoptotic markers. This leads to a strong cellular response, which has many hallmarks of the granuloma-like encapsulation reaction, usually mounted by the insect against larger foreign objects. RNA sequencing of the fat body reveals a characteristic humoral immune response. In addition we also identify genes that are specifically induced upon expression of RasV12. As a proof-of-principle, we show that one of the induced genes (santa-maria), which encodes a scavenger receptor, modulates damage to the salivary glands. The list of genes we have identified provides a rich source for further functional characterization. Our hope is that this will lead to a better understanding of the earliest stage of innate immune responses against tumors with implications for mammalian immunity.
Assisted protein folding at low temperature: evolutionary adaptation of the Antarctic fish chaperonin CCT and its client proteins
Authors: Cuellar Jorge , Yébenes Hugo , Parker Sandra K. , Carranza Gerardo , Serna Marina , Valpuesta José María , Zabala Juan Carlos , Detrich H. William
Published: March 2014

Eukaryotic ectotherms of the Southern Ocean face energetic challenges to protein folding assisted by the cytosolic chaperonin CCT. We hypothesize that CCT and its client proteins (CPs) have co-evolved molecular adaptations that facilitate CCT–CP interaction and the ATP-driven folding cycle at low temperature. To test this hypothesis, we compared the functional and structural properties of CCT–CP systems from testis tissues of an Antarctic fish, Gobionotothen gibberifrons (Lönnberg) (habitat/body T = −1.9 to +2°C), and of the cow (body T = 37°C). We examined the temperature dependence of the binding of denatured CPs (β-actin, β-tubulin) by fish and bovine CCTs, both in homologous and heterologous combinations and at temperatures between −4°C and 20°C, in a buffer conducive to binding of the denatured CP to the open conformation of CCT. In homologous combination, the percentage of G. gibberifrons CCT bound to CP declined linearly with increasing temperature, whereas the converse was true for bovine CCT. Binding of CCT to heterologous CPs was low, irrespective of temperature. When reactions were supplemented with ATP, G. gibberifrons CCT catalyzed the folding and release of actin at 2°C. The ATPase activity of apo-CCT from G. gibberifrons at 4°C was ∼2.5-fold greater than that of apo-bovine CCT, whereas equivalent activities were observed at 20°C. Based on these results, we conclude that the catalytic folding cycle of CCT from Antarctic fishes is partially compensated at their habitat temperature, probably by means of enhanced CP-binding affinity and increased flexibility of the CCT subunits.
Seasonal differences in jump performance in the Svalbard rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea)
Authors: Lees John J. , Folkow Lars P. , Codd Jonathan R. , Nudds Robert L.
Published: March 2014

Fat storage is essential to the survival of many bird species, providing energy reserves, but can have an effect on locomotor performance with an associated potential increase in predation risk. In particular, the ability to initiate flight through jumping is critical to predator avoidance and may be influenced by changes in body mass (Mb). Here we investigate seasonal differences in the jump take-off performance of high Arctic Svalbard rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea) resulting from around a 50% increase in Mb during winter as a result of fat deposition. Using force-plate data and videography, we reveal that, in the absence of alterations to take-off angle, winter Svalbard rock ptarmigan are unable to increase hind-limb power output during jumping to compensate for their increased Mb. As a result, peak take-off velocity is reduced by 42% and jump duration is also extended during winter. The consequences of reduced jumping performance upon Svalbard ptarmigan during winter may be relatively small given their low risk of predation during this season. It may be, however, that the observed reduction in jumping performance when fat may contribute to the sub-maximal pattern of fat acquisition observed in other bird species.
RNAi screen identifies KIF15 as a novel regulator of integrin endocytic trafficking
Authors: Eskova Anastasia , Knapp Bettina , Matelska Dorota , Reusing Susanne , Arjonen Antti , Lisauskas Tautvydas , Pepperkok Rainer , Russell Robert , Eils Roland , Ivaska Johanna , Kaderali Lars , Erfle Holger , Starkuviene Vytaute
Published: March 2014

α2β1 integrin is one of the most important collagen-binding receptors and has been implicated in numerous widely spread thrombotic and immune diseases. α2β1 integrin is a potent tumour suppressor and its downregulation is associated with increased metastasis and poor prognosis in breast cancer. Currently, very little is known about the mechanism regulating α2β1 integrin cell surface expression and trafficking. Here, using a quantitative fluorescent microscopy-based RNAi assay, we investigated the impact of 386 cytoskeleton-associated or regulatory genes on α2-integrin endocytosis and scored 122 hits affecting α2-integrin intracellular accumulation. Of these, 83 were identified to be putative regulators of α2-integrin trafficking and/or expression with no observed effect on EGF or transferrin internalization. Further interrogation and validation of the siRNA screen revealed a role for KIF15, a microtubule-based molecular motor, as a significant inhibitor of α2-integrin endocytic trafficking. Our data suggest a novel role for KIF15 in mediating plasma membrane localization of the alternative clathrin adaptor Dab2, thus impinging on pathways regulating α2-integrin internalization.
Regulation of Cop9 signalosome activity by the EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein tescalcin
Authors: Levay Konstantin , Slepak Vladlen Z.
Published: March 2014

Ca2+-binding protein tescalcin is known to be involved in hematopoietic cell differentiation, however this mechanism is poorly understood. Here we identified a novel binding partner of tescalcin, the subunit 4 of COP9 signalosome (CSN), a multiprotein complex essential for the development of all eukaryotes. This interaction is selective, Ca2+-dependent, and involves the PCI domain of the CSN4 subunit. We then investigated tescalcin and CSN activity in human erythroleukemia HEL and promyelocytic leukemia K562 cells. We found that PMA-induced differentiation resulting in the upregulation of tescalcin coincides with reduced deneddylation of Cullin-1 (Cul1) and stabilization of p27Kip1, molecular events associated with CSN activity. The knockdown of tescalcin led to an increase in Cul1 deneddylation, expression of F-box protein Skp2 and transcription factor c-Jun, while the levels of cell cycle regulators p27Kip1 and p53 decreased. These effects are consistent with the hypothesis that tescalcin may play a role of a negative regulator of CSN activity towards Cul1 in the process of induced cell differentiation.
Rab5 is required for Caveolin-1-enhanced Rac1 activation, migration and invasion of metastatic cancer cells
Authors: Díaz Jorge , Mendoza Pablo , Ortiz Rina , Díaz Natalia , Leyton Lisette , Stupack Dwayne , Quest Andrew F. G. , Torres Vicente A.
Published: March 2014

Rab5 is a small GTPase that regulates early endosome trafficking and other cellular processes, including cell adhesion and migration. Specifically, Rab5 promotes Rac1 activation and cancer cell migration, but little is known about upstream regulators of Rab5. We have previously shown that the scaffolding protein Caveolin-1 (CAV1) promotes Rac1 activation and migration of cancer cells. Here, we hypothesized that CAV1 stimulates Rab5 activation, leading to increased Rac1 activity and cell migration. Expression of CAV1 in B16-F10 mouse melanoma and HT-29(US) human colon adenocarcinoma cells increased Rab5-GTP loading, whereas shRNA-mediated targeting of endogenous CAV1 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells decreased Rab5-GTP levels. Accordingly, shRNA-mediated down-regulation of Rab5 decreased Rac1 activation, cell migration and invasion due to CAV1 in B16-F10 and HT-29(US) cells. Expression of CAV1 was accompanied by increased recruitment of the Rac1-GEF Tiam1 to Rab5-positive early endosomes. Using the inhibitor NSC23766, Tiam1 was shown to be required for Rac1 activation and cell migration induced by CAV1 and Rab5. Mechanistically, we provide evidence implicating the Rab5-GAP p85α in CAV1-dependent effects, by showing that CAV1 recruits p85α, precluding Rab5 inactivation and increasing cell migration. In summary, these studies identify a novel CAV1-Rab5-Rac1 signaling axis, whereby CAV1 prevents Rab5 inactivation, leading to increased Rac1 activity and enhanced tumor cell migration and invasion.
Formation of adherens junctions leads to the emergence of a tissue-level tension in epithelial monolayers
Authors: Harris Andrew R. , Daeden Alicia , Charras Guillaume T.
Published: March 2014

Adherens junctions and desmosomes interface the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells into a mechanical syncitium. In doing so, intercellular junctions endow tissues with the strength needed to sustain mechanical stresses encountered in normal physiology and coordinate tension during morphogenesis. Though much is known about the biological mechanisms underlying junction formation, little is known about how tissue-scale mechanical properties are established. Here, we use deep AFM indentation to measure the apparent stiffness of epithelial monolayers reforming from dissociated cells and examine which cellular processes give rise to tissue-scale mechanics. We show that the formation of intercellular junctions coincided with an increase in the apparent stiffness of reforming monolayers that reflected the generation of a tissue-level tension. Tension rapidly increased reaching a maximum after 150 minutes before settling to a lower level over the next three hours as monolayers reached homeostasis. The emergence of tissue tension correlated with the formation of adherens junctions but not desmosomes. As a consequence, inhibition of any of the molecular mechanisms participating in adherens junction initiation, remodelling, and maturation significantly impeded the emergence of tissue-level tension in monolayers.
The Four Crucial Cs in Critical Friends Groups
Authors: Curlette William L. , Granville Harley G.
Published: March 2014

Critical Friends Groups (CFGs) are examined through the lens of Bettner and Lew’s (1989) Crucial Cs: connect to feel belonging, capable to contribute, count to feel significance, and courage to meet the previous Cs in a positive and socially useful way. Critical Friends Groups are groups of approximately 10 teachers and other educational professionals who meet at least once a month to discuss professional issues. The group members use a structured approach, called protocols, to interact with one another, and protocols address both interpersonal and pedagogical topics. This article examines CFG processes and essential dispositions using the Crucial Cs. Insights from the Crucial Cs may help improve understanding of CFG functioning and outcomes. By demonstrating their application to the setting of teacher professional education, we present further multidisciplinary usefulness of the Crucial Cs.
The Rise and Demise of Missionary Wives
Authors: Manktelow Emily J.
Published: March 2014

The white missionary couple is an assumed presence in mission history; its mid-nineteenth-century ubiquity read back into the formation of evangelical mission. This article questions that assumption by creating a chronological and conceptual framework for the professional trajectory of missionary women, and demonstrates that it was on the issue of female mission engagement that complex debates about the nature of mission were negotiated and defined. The rise of the missionary wife shaped mission history, through both the complementary rise of the civilizing mission and through active female spiritual agency. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, it was clear that missionary wives had created a space they could not fill in the evermore institutionalized and secularized world of mission building. The rise of single female religious engagement in Britain meanwhile provided a timely alternative to wifely activism, and missionary wives were increasingly institutionally marginalized by the very single female missionaries who had come to “assist” them.
On the Organization of geistige Arbeit : Historical Reflections on Die Brücke
Authors: Vossoughian Nader
Published: March 2014

In this essay I offer a theoretical argument for why Die Brücke’s commercial interests should not be seen as an addendum to its scholarly or scientific pursuits. More specifically, the story of Die Brücke is a story about the intertwining of the scientific and the commercial, of theoretical and applied forms of knowledge in late nineteenth and early twentieth-century culture. Die Brücke’s role as an “organizer of organizers” will be offered as a case study in this analysis, which also sheds new light on the history of standardization. Like a number of my colleagues, I suggest that Die Brücke deserves comparison with Paul Otlet’s Palais Mondial, which similarly set out to regulate the organization of human knowledge (see, e.g., Hapke, 1999, p. 143; Krajewski, 2006, p. 111). At the same time—and here is my more critical concern—I also suggest that its efforts anticipate those of standards-issuing organizations such as Waldemar Hellmich’s Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN). Both Die Brücke and DIN ultimately used paper standards to enforce the use of standards at large. They also shared common strategies for gaining a foothold in Germany’s nascent “office systems” industry.
Thanks, Prof. Rayward, for Explaining…
Authors: Burke Colin
Published: March 2014

Information history is moving beyond listing the “what” and to answering how-and-why systems emerged, prospered, or died. This paper explores the nature of (and debates over) explanation in historical studies. The conclusion is that the history of information has to rely upon complex explanations that are a mixture of social science and humanities approaches. There are no formulas for such historical work, as shown by Boyd Rayward’s sensitive efforts on the history of Paul Otlet’s career and personal life.
Julius Otto Kaiser: The Early Years
Authors: Dousa Thomas M.
Published: March 2014

Julius Otto Kaiser (1968–1927) was a special librarian and indexer who, at the turn of the twentieth century, designed an innovative, category-based indexing system known as “systematic indexing.” Although he is regarded as a pioneer of indexing and classification, little is known about his life. This essay seeks to fill in some gaps in Kaiser’s biography by reviewing what is known of his life prior to his entry into information work: namely, his birth, childhood, and education in Germany; his early career as a musician and teacher in Australia; and his sojourn as a teacher in Chile. It is argued that Kaiser’s early experiences equipped him with linguistic skills and a commercial outlook that smoothed his path into the world of business information and left traces in his thought about indexing and information work.
Intellectual Exchange and the New Information Order of the Interwar Years: The British Society for International Bibliography, 1927–1937
Authors: Laqua Daniel
Published: March 2014

This article examines how the internationalism of the interwar years interacted with a growing concern for documentation and knowledge organization. To this end, it examines the work of the British Society for International Biography. The organization sought close links with British institutions but had pronounced transnational features: it championed the Universal Decimal Classification, collaborated with the International Institute of Bibliography in Brussels, and interacted with the League of Nations’ bodies for intellectual cooperation. As a whole, the article shows how different actors sought to shape a new information order, yet it also traces the obstacles that they encountered.
Clarissa and the Coolies' Wives: Mrs. Dalloway Figuring Transnational Feminism
Authors: Hickman Valerie Reed
Published: March 2014

This essay argues that India plays a crucial role in Virginia Woolf's 1925 novel Mrs. Dalloway . The name "India" functions there as a double catachresis that ultimately brings together the "problem" of India with the ethical and political issues at the heart of the novel. Woolf's invocation of Indian women, in particular, ultimately points toward the importance of the absent encounter with the other woman as ethical remainder, suggesting that any question of feminist ethics is, necessarily, a question of transnational feminist ethics.
Dangerous Return: The Narratives of Jurisgenesis in Faulkner's Requiem for a Nun
Authors: Watson Jay
Published: March 2014

Legal scholar Robert Cover's concept of jurisgenesis , the creation of legal meaning by polities, offers a revealing window into the historical prologues and dramatic action of William Faulkner's Requiem for a Nun . Cover's work clarifies how Faulkner's character Nancy Mannigoe, an African American domestic convicted of infanticide, exhibits a nomos , or normative vision, to rival that of Yoknapatawpha County's official legal system. The text, however, remains evasive about the imaginative sources of Nancy's nomos in the antinomian power of contemporaneous civil rights activity, whose spectacles of collective black political agency triggered a troubling form of censorship in Faulkner's artistic vision.
Paraliterary Labors in Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar : Typists, Teachers, and the Pink-Collar Subtext
Authors: Jernigan Adam T.
Published: March 2014

Unlike some postwar authors, Sylvia Plath resisted the temptation to bolster her reputation as a writer by exploiting the image of the secretary. Instead, Plath deployed the opposition between "writing" and "typewriting" to shine a critical light on the sexual division of textual labor. Plath used The Bell Jar to foreground the plight of young women who possessed the talent to become writers and editors but were discouraged from doing so by discriminatory hiring practices and a restrictive social imaginary.
Quick Fiction: Some Remarks on Writing Today
Authors: Royle Nicholas
Published: March 2014

Nicholas Royle delivered the following lecture in Winnipeg on 22 October 2013, in connection with his Mosaic -sponsored Distinguished Visiting Lecturer visit to the University of Manitoba. Mosaic is pleased to publish the lecture here.
Cultural Appropriation for Mainstream Consumption: The Musical Adaptation of Dessa Rose
Authors: Ursin Reanna A.
Published: March 2014

Analyzing Lynn Ahrens and Stephen Flaherty’s 2005 musical adaptation of Sherley Anne Williams’s Dessa Rose , this essay suggests that mainstream consumption of black cultural expression is substituted for meaningful social change, highlighting the musical’s investment in a colour-blind ideology that reproduces the very erasures against which Williams wrote.
Affect et dramatisation dans l’écriture de la conversion : l’exemplarité du récit augustinien
Authors: Bélanger-Michaud Sara Danièle
Published: March 2014

Cet essai interroge le rôle de l’affect dans l’écriture de la conversion. Il s’intéresse pour ce faire au texte des Confessions d’Augustin, identifié comme un espace d’expérimentation exemplaire de l’importance des affects et de la mise en scène liés à la pensée littéraire dans une optique de transformation spirituelle.
The “Dark Power of Destiny” in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four
Authors: Carpentier Martha C.
Published: March 2014

Applying a Lacanian approach to Orwell’s narrative strategies in Nineteen Eighty-Four , this essay analyzes the protagonist’s attempt to evade the Symbolic by resurrecting archaic memories of preoedipal union through a repetitive triadic play of signifiers. Engaging Freud and Deleuze, the essay views his masochistic behaviour as a challenge to patriarchy via identification with the feminized position.