bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the water cycle restoration of LID practices considering climate change: A case study on permeable pavement planning by an iterative MCDM model
Authors: Chae Seung Taek , Chung Eun Sung , Jiang Jiping
Published: July 2022

Low-impact development (LID) measures have been popularly installed in many developed countries for urban runoff control and treatment. However, precipitation and temperature changes driven by climate change lead to water cycle deterioration, especially in urban watersheds. It is important to optimize LID implementations aimed at rehabilitating the water cycle in urban watersheds for climate change adaptation. To enhance the water cycle restoration of LID practices according to climate change, an iterative multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach is proposed to allocate permeable pavement areas while considering newly released climate change scenarios. Daily precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature were considered for the future climate environment estimated using 15 coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP) 6 general circulation models (GCMs) according to two scenarios for shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The hydrological impact on the permeable pavement application was simulated using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The priority of each microlevel unit for permeable pavement was robustly determined using combined MCDM methods. According to the derived priorities, every unit area of permeable pavement was iteratively allocated until it converged to the initially planned total permeable pavement area. The results of this study confirmed that different climate predictions for each GCM can affect the priority results. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the iterative process used in this study improved the water cycle restoration more efficiently than when allocating at once according to priority. The results of this study can help determine the robust LID capacity for each sub-watershed under limited resources.
Investigation of capillary water migration in the sandstone block based on electrical resistivity measurements
Authors: Yang Haiqing , Chen Chiwei , Zhao Gang , Zhou Jiayuan
Published: July 2022

Capillary water migration observed in sandstone block seriously affects pore structure and mechanical properties under the influence of the natural environment. In addition to continuous capillary action, the salt solution will be crystallized in the pores under the dry-wet cycles, and thereby deterioration occurs on the surface. To investigate the spatial and temporal evolution of material structure, a series of capillary water absorption tests were carried out on sandstone samples. Furthermore, stereo microscope and high-density resistivity instrument were conducted to monitor the characteristics of the surface and internal pores at intervals. Meanwhile, a novel Terzaghi model was proposed for modeling the variation trend of capillary water rise over time, in which the variation in porosity were characterized by saturated degree. The electrical resistivity measurements in millimeter-scale show that the rising trend of the dry-wet interface resembles the saddle shape. Moreover, the soluble salt is more enriched near the dry-wet interface under the capillary action due to the slow rise of the salt solution when it reaches the dry-wet interface. With the increase of dry-wet cycles, an obvious salt layer appeared on the surface accompanied by sandstone block crisp and pulverized phenomena, and significantly increased the capillary water absorption rate and porosity. In detail, the maximum mass loss due to mineral detachment of the surface reaches 2% in a single dry-wet cycle. Additionally, the study provides some references for evaluating the capillary action and deterioration mechanism of similar porous media materials by using a rapid and nondestructive method.
Preparation and characterization of imprinted bacterial cellulose aerogel for efficient recovery of Er(III) from end-of-life erbium-doped fibers
Authors: Zheng Xudong , Wang Shangxiong , Li Ang , Xu Tongtong , Mei Jinfeng , Li Zhongyu
Published: July 2022

Selective recovery of high value rare earth elements from end-of-life rare earth products is an economical and environmental measure. In this study, we used bio-based material (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy-mediated bacterial cellulose) as the substrate material to construct a highly elastic imprinted bacterial cellulose aerogel (BCP-I) in synergy with chitosan (CS) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) for highly selective adsorption Er(III). CS and PEI contain abundant functional monomers, which can cooperate with bacterial cellulose and Er(III) to construct more imprinting sites, which not only improves the adsorption performance of BCP-I, but also makes the aerogel more stable. In order to analyze physical and chemical properties of aerogels, it was characterized by scanning electron microscope, fourier transform infrared spectrometer and thermogravimetric analysis. Adsorption experiments showed that BCP-I had a good adsorption effect on Er(III), and the maximum adsorption capacity could reach 95.99 mg g− 1. Cyclic experiments show that the adsorption property of BCP-I is still in good condition. All in all, BCP-I with environment-friendliness, high selectivity and good reproducibility is a good choice for recovery of Er(III).
Research paper Do subjectivities and subject-making influence community participation in climate change adaptation? the case of Vietnam
Authors: Le Van Thi Hong , Tran Thong Anh , Rola-Rubzen Fay
Published: July 2022

Social inclusion in climate change adaptation decision making and implementation has long been espoused by researchers and practitioners with primary focusing on factors affecting community participation. This raises the question on how different stakeholders, especially powerholders, subjectify and create an environment for community participation. In this paper, we utilised the intersection between community participation and the subjectivities lens to examine how dominant powers systematically operate to influence community engagement in adaptation and how and why local communities are included or excluded from adaptation as a result of subject-making, using Vietnam as a case study. Using semi-structured interviews with policymakers, practitioners, local authorities and focus group discussions with local communities, we examined how the key respondents stereotyped local roles and capacity in agricultural adaptation activities. The results showed that subtle but pervasive subjectivities and subject-making processes constrain community participation by affecting perceptions and, subsequently, actions of key stakeholders that undermine local roles and capacity in undertaking adaptation. This perpetuates the power imbalance between local communities and governments at different levels of administration. The findings contribute to the prevailing scholarship of climate change adaptation that, under an authoritarian regime, local capacity is undermined not only by powerholders but by community members as they consent to government decisions.
The relationship between tiem perspetive and life satisfaction: Career adaptability as an intermediate variable
Authors: Tien Hsiu-Lan Shelley , Li Tian Tian
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the study was to test the applicability of the “Time Perspective Scale” for the emerging adult population in China. We also examined the relationship between time perspective and life satisfaction by using career adaptability as an intermediary variable. The participants were 725 young adults aged from 18 to 27. The instruments included the “Time Perspective Scale”, “Life Satisfaction Scale” and “Career Adaptability Scale”. The mediating effect of career adaptability between time perspective and life satisfaction was investigated by the deviation correction percentile bootstrap method. The results indicated the following: (1) The analysis of the items showed that the correlation coefficient between 18 items of the time perspective scale and the total score of dimensions was above 0.4, which met the statistical requirements; (2) The Cronbach's probability coefficients of the four sub-dimensions of the time perspective scale were 0.86, 0.86, 0.91 and 0.75, respectively; (3) The commonality values of this scale were greater than 0.2, which met the statistical requirements; (4) The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the four-factor structure of time perspective scale: future positive, future negative, adventure stimulus and fatalistic enjoyment; (5) Each dimension of time perspective was significantly correlated with the dimensions of career adaptability and life satisfaction; (6) Career control and career confidence were found to play a mediating role between time perspective and life satisfaction, while the mediating role of career concern and career curiosity was not significant. We concluded that the time perspective scale has good reliability and validity. Career control and career confidence mediate the relationship between time perspective and life satisfaction. Discussion and suggestions for future research were also provided.
Global warming profoundly changes the spatial distribution of nitrogen use and losses in croplands
Authors: Ren Chenchen , Zhang Xiuming , Reis Stefan , Jin Jiaxin , Xu Jianming , Gu Baojing
Published: July 2022

Maintaining food production while reducing agricultural nitrogen pollution is a grand challenge under the threats of global climate change, which has exerted negative impacts on agricultural sustainability. How global agricultural nitrogen use and loss respond to climate change on temporal and spatial scale is rarely understood. Here we show that climate change leads to small temporal but substantial spatial changes in cropland nitrogen use and losses across global regions based on historical data for the period 1961-2018 from 150 countries. Increases of yield, nitrogen surplus and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) are identified in 24% of countries, while reductions are observed for the remaining 76% of countries, as a result of climate change in 2018. Changes of cropland area per capita of rural population (CAPRP) further intensify the variations of nitrogen use and pollution in global croplands. Yet, improving farmers’ practices with changes of CAPRP can facilitate climate change adaptation, by which global cropland NUE could be increased by one-third in 2100 compared to 2018 under future shared socioeconomic pathways. Our results would be of great significance to sustain global agriculture as well as eliminate national inequalities on food production and agricultural pollution control.
A novel immune checkpoint score system for prognostic evaluation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Yusheng , Lin Xuan , Zou Xuan , Qian Yunzhen , Liu Yu , Wang Ruijie , Wang Xu , Yu Xianjun , Liu Chen , Cheng He
Published: July 2022

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) remains a lethal malignancy making the detection of novel prognostic biomarkers urgent. Limited studies have investigated the predictive capability of immune checkpoints in PAAD. Here, we presented a risk score system based on three immune checkpoints (OX40/TNFRSF4, TNFSF14 and KIR3DL1) through LASSO and Cox regression analyses for prognostic prediction. The risk score model was an independent prognostic factor and performed well regarding overall survival (OS) predictions among PAAD patients. A nomogram was established to facilitate the risk model application in clinical prognosis. Immune cells including naive B cells, CD8+ T cells and Tregs were negatively correlated with the risk score. Additionally, the risk score was associated with expression of immune checkpoint genes, immunogenic cell death related genes and somatic mutations. Glycolysis processes, IL-2-STAT5, IL-6-STAT3, and mTORC1 signaling pathways were enriched in the high-risk score group. Furthermore, scRNA-seq data confirmed that TNFRSF4, TNFSF14 and KIR3DL1 were expressed on immune cells in PAAD samples. We then identified OX40 as an independent prognosis-related gene, and a higher OX40 expression was associated with increased survival rate and immune environment change. In 84 PAAD clinical specimens collected from our center, we confirmed that higher OX40 mRNA expression levels were related to a good prognosis. The protein expression of OX40 on tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), endothelial cells and tumor cells was verified in PAAD tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. Overall, our findings strongly suggested that the three-immune checkpoint score system might be useful in the prognosis and design of personalized treatments for PAAD patients. Finally, we identified OX40 as an independent potential biomarker for PAAD prognosis prediction.
Efficacy and effectiveness of case isolation and quarantine during a growing phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Finland
Authors: Auranen Kari , Shubin Mikhail , Erra Elina , Isosomppi Sanna , Kontto Jukka , Leino Tuija , Lukkarinen Timo
Published: July 2022

Based on data collected as part of the contact tracing activity of the City of Helsinki Epidemiological Operations Unit, we evaluated the efficacy and effectiveness of isolating SARS-CoV-2 cases and quarantining their exposed contacts during a mildly growing phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Finland in autumn 2020. Based on the observed symptom-to-symptom intervals in 1016 pairs of primary and secondary cases, we estimated that without case isolation or quarantine 40% (90% credible interval, CI 25-59) of transmission would have occurred on the day of or after symptom onset. One third of SARS-CoV-2 cases (N =1521) had initially been quarantined, with a self-reported time until isolation (quarantine) of 0.8 days before symptom onset. This delay translates into an efficacy of 50% (90% CI 40-63) of averting secondary infections per quarantined case. Due to later isolation (mean 2.6 days after symptoms), the efficacy was smaller (24%; 90% CI 12-41) in those two third of the cases (N =3101) whose isolation was prompted by their symptoms, i.e. without being previously quarantined. At the population level, we evaluated the effectiveness of case isolation and quarantine on the growth rate of the COVID-19 epidemic in the autumn of 2020. Under a wide range of underlying assumptions, the rate would have been at least 2 times higher without case isolation and quarantine. The numbers needed to isolate or quarantine to prevent one secondary case were 2 and 20, respectively.
VMPS: A Vector Map Protection Framework Supporting Dynamic Game and Local Desensitization
Authors: Hua Weihua , Xu Heng , Duan Jianchao , Song Jun , Yang Fan
Published: July 2022

Secure sharing of geospatial information has attracted widespread attention in recent years. As a typical geospatial data, vector maps can be used in many fields of national economic and social development. However, there are many security threats to data sharing of vector digital map, such as tampering, forgery, infringement, data leakages. Due to the complex spatial relation nature, existing data protection solutions are either infeasible or ineffective in such scenarios, especially for the exchange, sharing, and publishing of map data. To address these real security problems, in this paper, we propose a novel vector map protection framework, which introduces the idea of dynamic game and local desensitization. Two basic models and a specific scheme, including an important information protection model, an optimal data desensitization model, and a game-based local desensitization scheme, are presented in this framework. Dynamic game strategies can be used to effectively measure the utility of players under different decisions. Furthermore, important or sensitive map elements in vector maps can be desensitized locally in a controlled and reversible manner , thereby achieving more efficient data protection and secure sharing. A comprehensive evaluation, including desensitization strategies, performance and time consumption, accuracy control and reversibility, is given to show the security and feasibility of the proposed framework.
The impacts of fibre pollution on fish host-parasite interactions
Authors: MacAulay Scott , Masud Numair , Ward Benjamin D. , Cable Jo
Published: July 2022

Plastic pollution is now a ubiquitous feature of freshwater systems and the majority of this is fibrous. Here, we test the effects of plastic and cellulose-based fibres (polyester, cotton, and bamboo from commercial clothing) on fish host-parasite interactions using a freshwater fish host-parasite model system (Guppy Poecilia reticulata-Gyrodactylus turnbulli). For uninfected fish, polyester exposure was associated with significantly higher mortality rates compared with the other two fibre types. For infected fish, while polyester and cotton exposure were not associated with any significant changes to parasite burdens, fish exposed to bamboo fibres had significantly reduced maximum parasite burdens compared with fish not exposed to any fibres, indicating that the bamboo fibres and/or associated dyes conferred some degree of resistance. While unable to determine the exact nature of the chemical dyes, when testing off-host parasite survival on exposure to the fibre dyes, cotton and particularly polyester dyes were associated with higher parasite mortality compared to bamboo. Overall, we add to the growing body of evidence which shows that fibrous microplastics and associated dyes can be detrimental for fish health, and we highlight the need for increased transparency from textile industries on the chemical identity of fabric dyes.
Filon-Clenshaw-Curtis Quadrature with Automatic Tone Removal
Authors: Milovich David
Published: July 2022

We present an adaptive method of computing finite Fourier integrals $\int_a^b f(x)g(x)e^{i\omega x}dx$ for smooth $f$ and smooth nonzero $g$, intended for the case where $g$ is highly and irregularly oscillatory, but $f$, $\abs{g}$, and $(\arg(g))'$ are not highly oscillatory. Our method easily extends to real-valued integrals $\int_a^bf(x)\cos h(x)\cos(\omega x)dx$ where $h$ is smooth, with the intention that $h$ is not highly oscillatory but $\cos h$ is. We do not require any special information about $f$ or $g$, just the ability to evaluate $f$, $g$, and $g'$ at arbitrary points. Our basic step per subinterval is to integrate $h(x)e^{i(\omega+m)x}$ where $m$ is the slope of $\arg(g)$ at the subinterval center and $h(x)$ is a Chebyshev polynomial interpolation of $f(x)g(x)e^{-imx}$. Thus, a tone is factored out to improve Chebyshev interpolation accuracy. We also investigate a second-order extension in which a chirp is factored out. An implementation of this paper's algorithms in the Julia programming language is publicly available.
Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of fluoropezil (DC20), a novel AChE inhibitor: a single-center, phase I study in healthy young and elderly Chinese subjects
Authors: Qian Hongjie , Yu Chengyin , Zhu Huijuan , Ding Qichen , Cai Yuting , Jing Jiao , Xu Xin , Guo Runcong , Zhang Haiyan , Liu Hong , Chen Xiaoyan , Liu Yun
Published: July 2022

Background
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors attempt to reduce the breakdown of acetylcholine levels in the brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by inhibiting the responsible enzyme AChE in the synaptic cleft. This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of fluoropezil (DC20), a novel AChE inhibitor under development for the treatment of AD in healthy young and elderly Chinese subjects.
Methods
The study on young subjects were divided into two arms: the multiple ascending-dose (MAD) arm (double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple ascending-dose, 2 and 6 mg, N = 24), and the food effect arm (three-period, self-crossover, open-labeled, fasting/standard diet/high-fat diet administration, 4 mg, N = 12). A two-period, self-crossover, open-labeled, single ascending-dose study was designed for elderly subjects (2 and 4 mg, N = 11).
Results
For young subjects’ study: In the MAD arm, the accumulation ratios of DC20 in vivo were 2.29 and 2.15, respectively. In the food effect arm, compared with fasting administration, area under the concentration-time curve from zero to t (AUC0-t) orally after a standard diet and high-fat diet slightly increased by about 19% and 29% and the Tmax were delayed by around 1 hour. For elderly subjects’ study, Tmax were 1.5 and 1.25 hour, t1/2 were 77.1 and 74.2 hour, respectively. After oral administration of DC20 in healthy young and elderly subjects, no serious adverse events occurred, the most common adverse events associated with the study drug were gastrointestinal reactions.
Conclusion
We predicted the safety risks of DC20 in the clinical treatment of AD, which were well tolerated by the healthy young and elderly subjects. The elimination of DC20 from the body was slower in elderly subjects than in young subjects.
Trial registration numbers:
CTR20181428, CTR20190664, CTR20191878, CTR20192724 approved by the Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration.
The survey in the role of LAG3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer prognosis; Relationship with sidedness
Authors: Tavana Shirin , Sanei Mohammad Hossein , Mokhtari Zahra , Heidari Zahra , Faghih Zahra Sadat , Rezaei Marzieh
Published: July 2022

Background: The interplay between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor cells is a major determining factor in cancer progression. CD45RO seems to be a reliable indicator for predicting prognosis and disease outcome, along with CD3 and CD8 markers. LAG-3 is another important marker that overexpresses on TILs in a variety of cancers and is associated with disease prognosis; however, its prognostic impact is controversial. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the presence of CD45RO+, LAG3+, CD3+, and CD8+ lymphocytes in CRC tumor tissues and their association with clinicopathological parameters of the disease as well as patients' survival, according to primary tumor locations.Methods: Expression of CD45RO, LAG3, CD3, and CD8 was Immunohistochemically analyzed in tissue sections from 136 patients with CRC. The percentage of TILs expressing these markers were separately determined in the invasive margin (IM) and center of the tumor (CT). Their associations with clinical factors and survival were analyzed in the entire cohort, and in the subgroups of patients with right and left/rectum tumors.Results: Based on our observation, CD45RO+ and CD3+ lymphocytes were the most frequent infiltrated cells in both CT and IM regions of colon tumor tissue. On the other hand, LAG3+ lymphocytes were the least frequent subset in both areas. In univariate analysis, high score of CD45RO in IM was associated with better overall survival in the entire cohort. High score of CD8 and CD45RO in IM were also associated with improved overall survival in right-sided tumors. However, CD45RO expression correlated with advanced TNM stages (III/IV), in the entire cohort and in right-sided tumors. In the case of LAG3, although the association between the expression of this marker and survival was not found, LAG3+ TILs in CT were associated with higher T-stages in the entire cohort.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of immune system-related markers such as CD45RO and LAG3 depends on the primary tumor sides. Our results collectively demonstrated that infiltration of CD45RO+ lymphocytes in IM could be an independent prognostic factor in a site-dependent manner.
An Improved Target Tracking Scheme based on MC-MPMC Method for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Lv Chunfeng , Zhu Jianping , Tao Zhengsu
Published: July 2022

Target tracking is crucial to many applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Existing tracking schemes used in WSNs can basically be classified two categories, clustering and predicting. Considering network clustering consumes much energy for limited-energy WSNs, a predicting target tracking scheme is proposed called MC-MPMC (Measurement Compensation based Mixture Population Monte Carlo) method which tracks the target based on predicted locations in this work. Adaptive mixture PMC model for generating proposals varying from each iteration is proposed to guarantee the sample diversity. And also, extra measurements or observations generating method is introduced to compensate missing predict locations or false estimations, avoiding tracking behavior degradation. Firstly, samples drawn from the proposals of next iteration can generated by a mixture method to avoid sample degeneracy. Secondly, sample weights are jointly computed based on adaptive fusion of compensation measurement and true measurements. Thirdly, the HTC method is combined to MC-MPMC scheme to decrease energy consumption in WSNs. Then, the proposed method is verified through comprehensive experiments about tracking error, delay and consumption predictions. Moreover, performance comparisons of MC-MPMC with other tracking schemes are also proposed.
Mesenchymal stem cells modulate IL-17 and IL-9 production induced by Th17-inducing cytokine conditions in autoimmune arthritis: an explorative analysis
Authors: Riekert Maximilian , Almanzar Giovanni , Schmalzing Marc , Schütze Norbert , Jakob Franz , Prelog Martina
Published: July 2022

Background
The importance of proinflammatory T-cells and their cytokine production in patients with autoimmune arthritis has been widely described. Due to their immunomodulatory properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have come into focus as a potential therapeutic concept. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of MSCs on the phenotype, cytokine profile, and functionality of naive and non-naive CD4+ T-cells from healthy donors (HD) and patients with autoimmune arthritis under Th17-cytokine polarizing conditions in an explorative way using a transwell system prohibiting any cell-cell-contact.
Methods
Magnetically isolated naive and non-naive CD4+ T-cells were stimulated under Th17-polarizing proinflammatory cytokine conditions in presence and absence of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). After an incubation period of six days, the proportions of the T-cell subpopulations TEMRA (CD45RA+CD27−), memory (CD45RA−CD27+), effector (CD45RA−CD27−) and naive cells (CD45RA+CD27+) were determined. Quantitative immunofluorescence intensity was used as a measure for IL-9, IL-17 and IFN-γ production in each subpopulation.
Results
In isolated naive CD4+ T-cells from HD and patients, MSCs suppressed the differentiation of naive towards an effector phenotype while memory and naive cells showed higher percentages in culture with MSCs. In patients, MSCs significantly decreased the proportion of IL-9 and IL-17 producing effector T-cells. MSCs also reduced IFN-γ production in the naive and memory phenotype from HD.
Conclusion
The results of the study indicate significant immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, as under Th17-polarizing conditions MSCs are still able to control T-cell differentiation and proinflammatory cytokine production in both HD and patients with autoimmune arthritis.
Tirofiban combined with mechanical thrombectomy may improve the outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients with higher initial NIHSS score: a case control study
Authors: Cai Lingxin , Wang Tingting , Chen Aiqing , Ling Chenhan , Xu Liang , Xu Jing , Qian Cong , Chen Gao
Published: July 2022

Background
Tirofiban has recently shown encouraging efficacy and safety among acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with mechanical thrombectomy (MT). However, the benefits of tirofiban varied among studies depending on the patient’s condition, which was often not well analyzed. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of patients who may obtain the largest benefits from tirofiban.
Methods
The efficacy endpoint was a favorable outcome defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0 ~ 2 at 90 days. The safety endpoints were intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and mortality at 90 days. Adjusted logistic regression analysis and subgroup analyses were utilized to investigate the factors associated with tirofiban and the outcome.
Results
285 patients fit the inclusion criteria. Tirofiban was associated with a higher rate of favorable outcome (aOR 2.033, 95% CI, 1.002 ~ 4.123, P = 0.043) but not with an increased risk of ICH, sICH or mortality (P > 0.05). Moreover, subgroup analyses revealed that tirofiban was associated with favorable outcomes in patients with NIHSS > 14 (aOR 2.778, 95% CI 1.056 ~ 7.356, P = 0.038) but not in patients with NIHSS ≤ 14 (aOR 1.719, 95% CI 0.646 ~ 4.578, P = 0.278). No significant heterogeneity was found in the effect of tirofiban across the subgroups of age, sex, ASPECTS, time from onset to puncture, use of t-PA or stroke etiology (P for interaction > 0.05).
Conclusions
Tirofiban was associated with an increased rate of favorable outcomes in patients with anterior circulation AIS undergoing MT and may be more beneficial for patients with moderate and severe stroke. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Transcript shortening through alternative polyadenylation promotes gene expression during fracture healing
Authors: Elbarbary Reyad , Khajuria Deepak Kumar , Nowak Irena , Leung Ming , Karuppagounder Vengadeshprabhu , Imamura Yuka , Norbury Christopher , Kamal Fadia
Published: July 2022

Maturation of the 3´ end of almost all eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) requires cleavage and polyadenylation. Most mammalian mRNAs are polyadenylated at different sites within the last exon, generating alternative polyadenylation (APA) isoforms that have the same coding region but distinct 3´ untranslated regions (UTRs). The 3´UTR contains motifs that regulate mRNA metabolism; thus, changing the 3´UTR length via APA can significantly impact gene expression. Endochondral ossification is a central process in bone healing, and the impact of APA on gene expression during this process is unknown. Here, we report widespread utilization of APA that impacts multiple pathways with established roles in bone healing. Importantly, progression of endochondral ossification is typified by global 3´UTR shortening that is coupled with an increased abundance of shortened transcripts as compared to all other transcripts, underscoring the role of APA in promoting gene expression during endochondral bone formation. Our mechanistic studies of genes that undergo APA in the fracture callus uncover an intricate regulatory network in which APA boosts the expression of collagen, type I, alpha 1 (Col1a1) and Col1a2 genes, which encode the 2 subunits of the abundantly expressed protein collagen 1. APA does so via shortening the 3´UTRs of Col1a1 and Col1a2 mRNAs, which removes the binding sites of miR-29a-3p that otherwise potently triggered the degradation of both transcripts. Taken together, our study takes the lead in characterizing crucial roles of APA in tailoring the 3´UTR landscape and regulating gene expression during fracture healing.
Searcher Struggle Detection via the Reversal Theory
Authors: Luo Jiyun , Yang Yan , Nayak Valerie , Yang Grace Hui
Published: July 2022

Searcher struggle is important feedback to Web search engines. Existing Web search struggle detection methods rely on effort-based features to identify the struggling moments. Their underlying assumption is that the more effort a user spends, the more struggling the user may be. However, recent studies have suggested this simple association might be incorrect. This paper proposes a new feature modulation method for struggle detection and refers to the reversal theory in psychology. The reversal theory (RT) points out that instead of having a static personality trait, people constantly switch between opposite psychological states, complicating the relationship between the efforts they spend and the level of frustration they feel. Supported by the theory, our method modulates the effort-based features based on reversal theory’s bi-modal arousal model. Evaluations on week-long Web search logs confirm that the proposed method can statistically significantly improve state-of-the-art struggle detection methods.
Prediction of Obesity in Early and Late Childhood Based on Growth Trajectory During Infancy
Authors: Moschonis George , Halilagic Anela , Karaglani Eva , Mavrogianni Christina , Collins Clare , Manios Yannis
Published: July 2022

Childhood obesity rates have reached epidemic levels with Mediterranean countries reporting among the highest numbers globally. Evidence suggests early life factors, including infant growth rate, increase the risk of obesity later in childhood. However, optimal rates of infant growth associated with lower future obesity risk remains undetermined. The study aim was to determine the optimal infant growth rate associated with a lower risk of childhood overweight and obesity. Perinatal and anthropometric data collected from 1,778 Greek preschool (2–5 years old) and 2,294 Greek preadolescent (10–12 years old) children participating in the ToyBox and the Healthy Growth Study (HGS) respectively, was combined for examination. Logistic regression models and receiver operating curves were used to determine the association between infant growth rate and development of childhood overweight and obesity, as well as optimal infant growth rate, respectively. Rapid weight gain during the first 6 months of life was positively associated with overweight and obesity in preadolescent children (OR:1.36, 95% CI: 1.13–1.63). Optimal cut-off points for several infancy growth rate indices (i.e., WAZ, WLZ, HAZ, BAZ) associated with a lower risk of overweight and obesity in preschool years and preadolescence were also identified. The current findings have the potential to guide health professionals in monitoring infant growth to prevent childhood overweight and obesity, through timely identification of those at high risk and effective early intervention.
Novel methods for solving Multi-objective Non linear Inventory Model Of Highly Deteriorating Items
Authors: Sahoo Anuradha , Panda Minakshi
Published: July 2022

In this study, multi-objective inventory model of deteriorating and perishable items is developed under space and budget constraints. Demand is stock dependent and power function of time. This model is completely a new model in the sense that the model is applied to those items whose deterioration rate is maximum. Shortages are allowed in each cycle. The main aim of this paper is to find different time points for each cycle where shortage occurs and inventory depletes respectively so that both total cost and shortage cost can be minimized simultaneously. The model is developed in both crisp and fuzzy environment. In fuzzy environment, the objectives are considered as fuzzy constraints. For this the decision maker needs to establish an aspiration level for the objective functions which he wants to achieve as far as possible. This paper aims to use fuzzy non-linear programming (FNLP) and intuitionistic fuzzy optimization (IFO) techniques for the multi-objective inventory model. Comparison is based on different optimization techniques in different environment using numerical examples. Graph of the objective functions are provided. System diagram of the model and algorithm for solving the model are provided. Also, sensitivity analysis is made using different parameters of the model.
Experience of memory: transfer of the motor feeling of fluency linked to our interaction with the environment
Authors: brouillet denis
Published: July 2022

In the field of memory, it is now admitted that an experience of memory is not only the consequence of the activation of a precise content, but also results from an inference associated with the transfer of the manner in which the process was carried out (i.e., fluency) in addition to the transfer of the process itself. The aim of this work was to show that experience of memory is also associated with the fluency that is due to the transfer of a processing carried out in our interactions with our past environment. Firstly, participants performed a perceptual discrimination task (geometric shapes: circle or square) that involves a fluent or a non-fluent gesture to respond. Motor fluency vs. non-fluency was implicitly associated with the colour of the geometric shapes. Secondly, participants had to perform a classical memory recognition task. During the recognition phase, items appeared either with the colour associated with motor fluency or with the colour associated with motor non-fluency. We used a Go-NoGo task to avoid having a confused factor (response space). Results show that items were better recognised with a colour associated with motor fluency than with a colour associated with non-motor fluency. These findings support the idea that an experience of memory is also associated with the transfer of the motor feeling of fluency linked to our interaction with the environment.
Emerging burden of alcohol, drug, and tobacco use initiations among 303,519 school-going adolescents in 92 countries
Authors: Mahumud Rashidul Alam , Rahman Md. Ashfikur , Dawson Angela , Sahle Berhe W. , Kamara Joseph Kihika , Haque Mohammad Enamul , kundu Satyajit , Alam Khorshed , Renzaho Andre M.N.
Published: July 2022

Adolescent alcohol, drug, and tobacco use is an emerging public health concern in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). Yet, there is a lack of reliable, national-level data to inform policies and prevention interventions. This study aimed to provide the best available associations of global and regional risk and protective factors of the early initiation of alcohol, drugs, and tobacco use (before 14 years or 14–17 years old) amongst school–going adolescents. A total of 303,519 adolescents participated in this study. They were drawn from 92 countries in the latest Global School–based Student Health Survey of school children aged 14–17 years. Our analysis covered the period between 2003 and 2015 for which data are available, grouped according to the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. The pooled weighted prevalence of early initiation of alcohol, drug and tobacco use amongst adolescents (aged <14 years) was 15·37% (28·19% for aged 14–17 years), 3·86% (6·78% for aged 14–17 years), and 6·21% (vs. 16·20% for aged 14–17 years), respectively. The prevalence of the initiation of drinking alcohol (42·60%) and drug use (8·30%) were also pronounced among adolescents in high-income countries, HICs compared to low-income countries, LICs (16·07% for drinking alcohol and 5·53% for drug use) and lower-middle income countries, LMICs (15·50% for drinking alcohol and 5·24% for drug use). One in five adolescents (20·53%) had started drinking alcohol before they were 14 years old in the Western Pacific and Americas Regions, followed by 11·91% in the African region and 5·11% in South–East Asian region. The prevalence of drug use was highest for the Americas region (5·66% aged <14 years and 8·14% aged between 14–17 years old) and lowest in the South–East Asia region (1·18% of adolescents aged <14 years and 4·40% of adolescents aged 14–17 years). In addition, the pooled prevalence of tobacco use (adolescents <14 years) was more than double among adolescents in HICs (21·28%) compared to adolescents in LMICs (10·10%) and in LICs (9·63%). The early initiation of alcohol, drug and tobacco use was associated with being physically attacked, physical fighting, high levels of anxiety, feeling lonely, being bullied, a lack of parental support and close friends, poor peer support and high levels of sedentary behaviour. We found similar associations across six WHO regions and country income groups (LICs–HICs). School–based prevention efforts that promote a healthy lifestyle and environmental change are urgently needed.
Novel Method for Establishing a Beagle Dog Model of GI-ARS
Authors: Xu Yin , Zuo Zongchao , Ouyang Zhangyi , Wang Limei , Wang Xinmei , Cong Yuwen
Published: July 2022

The widespread use of nuclear energy and nuclear facilities has dramatically increased the risks associated with nuclear radiation exposure. Effective radioprotective agents that are easy to administer and have low toxicity are urgently needed to minimize the significant harm caused by exposure to nuclear radiation. Appropriate animal models are also required for investigation of the effectiveness of radioprotective agents. However, the animal models presently used to study the intestinal form of acute radiation sickness (ARS) are limited mainly to rodents, and large animal models (for example, Beagle dogs and non-human primates) are still under exploration. We have developed a Beagle model for investigation of GI-ARS in which the head, chest, and extremities are shielded to reduce the possibility of bleeding and/or damage to other more sensitive organs and rehydration support is provided after irradiation of 12.5 Gy with 60Co γ-rays. Significant vomiting and diarrhea were seen in this model, with typical signs of radiation sickness that progressively worsened with time since irradiation. The 6-day mortality rate was 100%, and significant intestinal damage was observed on gross autopsy and histopathology. By reflecting GI-ARS based on relatively objective evaluation of clinical manifestations and histopathological examination, this model provides a new concept and methodology for further experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of radioprotective agents in animals.
A novel method for design and implementation of systolic associative cascaded variable leaky least mean square adaptive filter for denoising of ECG signals
Authors: Manickam Chitra , Govindasamy Murugesan , Muthusamy Suresh , Paramasivam Muneeshwari
Published: July 2022

The most essential diagnostic test for heart disease detection is the electrocardiogram (ECG). It has a low frequency and a small amplitude, making it vulnerable to a variety of stimuli, including high/low-frequency noises. As a result, the diagnostic quality suffers. ECG signal analysis deals with the major problem of removing the noise from ECG signal. Implementation of adaptive filter removes noise from the signal in a better way. Adaptive filters in signal processing plays a major role in biomedical applications for denoising different types of noises such as Power Line Interference (PLI) noise which is generated by the power line electromagnetic field and it exhibits its peak from 50Hz to 60Hz, Baseline Wander (BW) noise which occurs due to the variation of electrode skin impedance, Motion Artifacts (MA) which is generated by the electrode motions away from the contact zone on the skins and Muscle Noise, this is due to the Electromyographic signals (EMG), originating from the skeletal muscle contractions. In order to eliminate the above-mentioned noises, the most common adaptive filters such as Least Mean Square (LMS) and Recursive Least Squares (RLS) are used. In existing method, they used Cascaded Least Mean Square adaptive filters to reduce noises at a much higher rate than the Least Mean Square Adaptive filter and to achieve the higher Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The Cascaded RLS filter can be used to obtain faster range of convergence than the Cascaded LMS. But the problem is that while using RLS filters the computational complexity will increase and as well as the delay will also increase. So, in order to counteract these problems, Cascaded Leaky Least Mean Square filter is designed not only to increase the rate of convergence and SNR and stability but also to reduce the computational complexity. The filter is designed with adaptive variable step size which calculates the step size according to the input signal of the filter, this is used to increase the stability of the filter. The systolic architecture and associativity of the VLLMS filter is implemented to reduce the number of adders and multipliers along the critical path of the filter. This systolic architecture increases the SNR of the filter and systolic combined with associativity reduces the delay and area of the filter. The work comprises of designing the 4 tap, 8 tap and 16 tap cascaded systolic associative variable leaky least mean square adaptive filters using Simulink and the SNR comparisons have been made between normal LMS cascaded filter and cascaded VLLMS filter. The area and delay between normal filter and systolic associative filter are compared by converting the Simulink design into Verilog and by implementing in Xilinx.
FUNDC1 Protects against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyocyte PANoptosis through Stabilizing mtDNA via Interaction with TUMF
Authors: Bi Yaguang , Xu Haixia , Zhu Hong , Wang Xiang , Zhang Yingmei , Ren Jun
Published: July 2022

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anti-cancer anthracyclines chemotherapy drug with its potentially life-threatening cardiotoxicity severely limiting its clinical application. Mitochondrial damage-induced cardiomyocyte death is considered an essential cue for DOX cardiotoxicity. FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) is a mitochondrial membrane protein participating in the regulation of mitochondrial integrity in multiple diseases although its role in DOX cardiomyopathy remains elusive. Here we examined whether PANoptosis, a novel type of programmed cell death closely associated with mitochondrial damage, was involved in DOX-induced heart injury, and whether FUNDC1 regulated cardiomyocyte PANoptosis. FUNDC1 was downregulated in heart tissues in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and DOX-challenged mice. FUNDC1 deficiency aggravated DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction, mitochondrial injury and cardiomyocyte PANoptosis. Further examination revealed that FUNDC1 countered against cytoplasmic release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and activation of PANoptosome through interaction with mitochondrial Tu translation elongation factor (TUFM), a key factor in the translational expression and repair of mitochondrial DNA, via its 96–133 amino acid domain. TUFM intervention reversed FUNDC1-elicited protection against DOX-induced mtDNA cytosolic release and cardiomyocyte PANoptosis. These findings shed light towards the protective role of FUNDC1 against DOX cardiotoxicity and cardiomyocyte PANoptosis, which provides a potentially therapeutic approach for Dox induced cardiotoxicity.
Serine/threonine kinase TBK1 promotes Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression via direct regulation of β-catenin
Authors: Gao Chongqing , Chu Zhenzhen , Xiao Yang , Zhou Xingyan , Wu Junru , Yuan Hui , Jiang Yuchuan , Chen Dong , Zhang Ji-chun , Yao Nan , Chen Kaiyun , HONG JIAN
Published: July 2022

Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive liver bile duct malignancy with limited therapeutic options. Metastasis is one of the main contributors to ICC progression and poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism of ICC metastasis remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), a serine/threonine-protein kinase, was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues of ICC patients with larger tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, and advanced TNM stage. Consistently, during the different stages of Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) carcinogenesis (hyperplasia, dysplasia, and CCA), TBK1 showed a dynamic increase in spontaneous rat and mouse models. Functional studies showed that enforced expression of TBK1 promoted metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, TBK1 directly interacts with β-catenin and stimulates its nuclear translocation, further activating the β-catenin-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Moreover, we demonstrate that the S172 site of TBK1 kinase domain was essential for the interaction between TBK1 and β-catenin as well as for TBK1 mediated β-catenin activation. In addition, high levels of TBK1 in clinical ICC tissues were correlated with elevated nuclear β-catenin levels and predicted worse overall and disease-free survival. A TBK1 inhibitor GSK-8612 and the liver-specific accumulation of DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide (TBK1-HDO) significantly reduced TBK1 expression of ICC and inhibited its intrahepatic metastasis. In summary, our study demonstrated that TBK1 could activate β-catenin via protein-protein interaction, then promote EMT and ICC metastasis, which might serve as a potential therapeutic target for patients with cholangiocarcinoma.