bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Crop Planting Structure Adjustment on Water Use Efficiency in the Irrigation Area of Hei River Basin
Authors: Han Xin , Wei Zheng , Zhang Baozhong , Han Congying , Song Jianzheng
Published: September 2018

The adjustment of crop planting structure can change the process of water and material circulation, and thus affect the total amount of water and evapotranspiration in the irrigation district. To guide the allocation of water resources in the region, it is beneficial to ascertain the effects of changing the crop planting structure on water saving and farmland water productivity in the irrigation district. This paper takes Yingke Irrigation District as the background. According to the continuous observation data from 2012 to 2013, Based on the modified Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and taking advantage of monthly scale remote sensing EvapoTranspiration (ET) and crop growth parameters (leaf area index and shoot dry matter), we tested the simulation accuracy of the model, proposed irrigation efficiency calculation methods considering water drainage, and established the scenario analysis method for the spatial distribution of crop planting structure. Finally, we evaluated the changes in water savings in irrigation district projects and resources, the irrigation water productivity and the net income water productivity under different planting structure scenarios. The results indicate that the efficiency of irrigation has increased by 15~20%, while considering drainage, as compared with conventional irrigation efficiency. Additionally, the adjustment of crop planting structure can reduce regional evapotranspiration by 14.9%, reduce the regional irrigation volume by 30%, and increase the net income of each regional water area by 16%.
Quantitative Analysis of Membrane Fouling Mechanisms Involved in Microfiltration of Humic Acid–Protein Mixtures at Different Solution Conditions
Authors: Sun Chunyi , Zhang Na , Li Fazhan , Ke Guoyi , Song Lianfa , Liu Xiaoqian , Liang Shuang
Published: September 2018

A systematical quantitative understanding of different mechanisms, though of fundamental importance for better fouling control, is still unavailable for the microfiltration (MF) of humic acid (HA) and protein mixtures. Based on extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (xDLVO) theory, the major fouling mechanisms, i.e., Lifshitz–van der Waals (LW), electrostatic (EL), and acid–base (AB) interactions, were for the first time quantitatively analyzed for model HA–bovine serum albumin (BSA) mixtures at different solution conditions. Results indicated that the pH, ionic strength, and calcium ion concentration of the solution significantly affected the physicochemical properties and the interaction energy between the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane and HA–BSA mixtures. The free energy of cohesion of the HA–BSA mixtures was minimum at pH = 3.0, ionic strength = 100 mM, and c(Ca2+) = 1.0 mM. The AB interaction energy was a key contributor to the total interaction energy when the separation distance between the membrane surface and HA–BSA mixtures was less than 3 nm, while the influence of EL interaction energy was of less importance to the total interaction energy. The attractive interaction energies of membrane–foulant and foulant–foulant increased at low pH, high ionic strength, and calcium ion concentration, thus aggravating membrane fouling, which was supported by the fouling experimental results. The obtained findings would provide valuable insights for the quantitative understanding of membrane fouling mechanisms of mixed organics during MF.
Season-Dependent Hedging Policies for Reservoir Operation—A Comparison Study
Authors: Bhatia Nikhil , Srivastav Roshan , Srinivasan Kasthrirengan
Published: September 2018

During periods of significant water shortage or when drought is impending, it is customary to implement some kind of water supply reduction measures with a view to prevent the occurrence of severe shortages (vulnerability) in the near future. In the case of operation of a water supply reservoir, this reduction of water supply is affected by hedging schemes or hedging policies. This research work aims to compare the popular hedging policies: (i) linear two-point hedging; (ii) modified two-point hedging; and, (iii) discrete hedging based on time-varying and constant hedging parameters. A parameterization-simulation-optimization (PSO) framework is employed for the selection of the parameters of the compromising hedging policies. The multi-objective evolutionary search-based technique (Non-dominated Sorting based Genetic Algorithm-II) was used to identify the Pareto-optimal front of hedging policies that seek to obtain the trade-off between shortage ratio and vulnerability. The case example used for illustration is the Hemavathy reservoir in Karnataka, India. It is observed that the Pareto-optimal front that was obtained from time-varying hedging policies show significant improvement in reservoir performance when compared to constant hedging policies. The variation in the monthly parameters of the time-variant hedging policies shows a strong correlation with monthly inflows and available water.
Rainfall-Runoff Modelling Considerations to Predict Streamflow Characteristics in Ungauged Catchments and under Climate Change
Authors: Chiew Francis H.S. , Zheng Hongxing , Potter Nicholas J.
Published: September 2018

This paper investigates the prediction of different streamflow characteristics in ungauged catchments and under climate change, with three rainfall-runoff models calibrated against three different objective criteria, using a large data set from 780 catchments across Australia. The results indicate that medium and high flows are relatively easier to predict, suggesting that using a single unique set of parameter values from model calibration against an objective criterion like the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency is generally adequate and desirable to provide a consistent simulation and interpretation of daily streamflow series and the different medium and high flow characteristics. However, the low flow characteristics are considerably more difficult to predict and will require careful modelling consideration to specifically target the low flow characteristic of interest. The modelling results also show that different rainfall-runoff models and different calibration approaches can give significantly different predictions of climate change impact on streamflow characteristics, particularly for characteristics beyond the long-term averages. Predicting the hydrological impact from climate change, therefore, requires careful modelling consideration and calibration against appropriate objective criteria that specifically target the streamflow characteristic that is being assessed.
Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in the Vicinity of Khurrianwala Industrial Zone, Pakistan
Authors: Aleem Muhammad , Shun Cao Jia , Li Chao , Aslam Arslan Muhammad , Yang Wu , Nawaz Muhammad Imran , Ahmed Wasif Saeed , Buttar Noman Ali
Published: September 2018

The industrial augmentation and unguided anthropogenic activities contaminate water sources in most parts of the world especially in developing countries like Pakistan. High concentration of pollutants in groundwater affects human, soil, and crop health badly. The present study was conducted to investigate groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in an industrial zone of Pakistan. A GIS tool was used to investigate the spatial distribution of different physico-chemical parameters. In this study, the average results exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) were found for pH 7.84, total dissolved solids (TDS) 1492 mg/L, phosphate 0.51 mg/L, dissolved oxygen (DO) 9.92% saturation, F-coli 6.48 colonies/100 mL, Na+ 366 mg/L, HCO3− 771 mg/L, sulfate 251 mg/L, chlorides 427 mg/L, total hardness (as CaCO3) 292 mg/L, electrical conductivity (EC) 2408 μS/cm, iron (Fe) 0.48 mg/L, chrome (Cr) 0.50 mg/L, arsenic (As) 0.04 mg/L, total phosphorus (TP) 0.17 mg/L, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) 9.76 (in meq/L), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) 9.28 meq/L, % ion balance 14.4 (in meq/L), percentage sodium ion (% Na+) concentration 58.9 meq/L, and water quality index (WQI) 69.0. The trend of cations and anions were (in meq/L) Na > Mg > Ca > K and HCO3 > Cl > CO3 > SO4 respectively. Although the results of the present study showed poor conditions of the groundwater for drinking as WQI but and irrigation purposes as SAR, it needs to improve some more conditions for the provision of safe drinking water and irrigation water quality.
Management of treatment-resistant depression in primary care: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Wiles Nicola , Taylor Abigail , Turner Nicholas , Barnes Maria , Campbell John , Lewis Glyn , Morrison Jill , Peters Tim J , Thomas Laura , Turner Katrina , Kessler David
Published: September 2018

Background

Non-response to antidepressant medication is common in primary care. Little is known about how GPs manage patients with depression that does not respond to medication.

Aim

To describe usual care for primary care patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Design and setting

Mixed-methods study using data from a UK primary care multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Method

In total, 235 patients with TRD randomised to continue with usual GP care were followed up at 3-month intervals for a year. Self-report data were collected on antidepressant medication, number of GP visits, and other treatments received. In addition, 14 semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with a purposive sample after the 6-month follow-up and analysed thematically.

Results

Most patients continued on the same dose of a single antidepressant between baseline and 3 months (n = 147/186 at 3 months, 79% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 73 to 85%)). Figures were similar for later follow-ups (for example, 9–12 months: 72% (95% CI = 63 to 79%). Medication changes (increasing dose; switching to a different antidepressant; adding a second antidepressant) were uncommon. Participants described usual care mainly as taking antidepressants, with consultations focused on other (physical) health concerns. Few accessed other treatments or were referred to secondary care.

Conclusion

Usual care in patients with TRD mainly entailed taking antidepressants, and medication changes were uncommon. The high prevalence of physical and psychological comorbidity means that, when these patients consult, their depression may not be discussed. Strategies are needed to ensure the active management of this large group of patients whose depression does not respond to antidepressant medication.
Prevalence of drug–herb and drug–supplement interactions in older adults: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Agbabiaka Taofikat B , Spencer Neil H , Khanom Sabina , Goodman Claire
Published: September 2018

Background

Polypharmacy is common among older adults, with increasing numbers also using prescription drugs with herbal medicinal products (HMPs) and dietary supplements. There is no reliable evidence from the UK on concurrent use of HMPs and dietary supplements with prescription drugs in older adults.

Aim

To establish prevalence of concurrent prescription drugs, HMPs, and dietary supplements among UK community-dwelling older adults and identify potential interactions.

Design and setting

Cross-sectional survey of older adults registered at two general practices in South East England.

Method

A questionnaire asking about prescription medications, HMPs, and sociodemographic information was posted to 400 older adults aged ≥65 years, identified as taking ≥1 prescription drug.

Results

In total 155 questionnaires were returned (response rate = 38.8%) and the prevalence of concurrent HMPs and dietary supplements with prescriptions was 33.6%. Females were more likely than males to be concurrent users (43.4% versus 22.5%; P = 0.009). The number of HMPs and dietary supplements ranged from 1 to 8, (mean = 3, median = 1; standard deviation = 1.65). The majority of concurrent users (78.0%) used dietary supplements with prescription drugs. The most commonly used dietary supplements were cod liver oil, glucosamine, multivitamins, and vitamin D. Others (20.0%) used only HMPs with prescription drugs. Common HMPs were evening primrose oil, valerian, and Nytol Herbal® (a combination of hops, gentian, and passion flower). Sixteen participants (32.6%) were at risk of potential adverse drug interactions.

Conclusion

GPs should routinely ask questions regarding herbal and supplement use, to identify and manage older adults at potential risk of adverse drug interactions.
Releasing GP capacity with pharmacy prescribing support and New Ways of Working: a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Maskrey Margaret , Johnson Chris F , Cormack Jason , Ryan Margaret , Macdonald Hector
Published: September 2018

Background

General practice in the UK is experiencing a workforce crisis. However, it is unknown what impact prescribing support teams may have on freeing up GP capacity and time for clinical activities.

Aim

To release GP time by providing additional prescribing resources to support general practices between April 2016 and March 2017.

Design and setting

Prospective observational cohort study in 16 urban general practices that comprise Inverclyde Health and Social Care Partnership in Scotland.

Method

GPs recorded the time they spent dealing with special requests, immediate discharges, outpatient requests, and other prescribing issues for 2 weeks prior to the study and for two equivalent periods during the study. Specialist clinical pharmacists performed these key prescribing activities to release GP time and Read coded their activities. GP and practice staff were surveyed to assess their expectations at baseline and their experiences during the final data-collection period. Prescribing support staff were also surveyed during the study period.

Results

GP time spent on key prescribing activities significantly reduced by 51% (79 hours, P<0.001) per week, equating to 4.9 hours (95% confidence interval = 3.4 to 6.4) per week per practice. The additional clinical pharmacist resource was well received and appreciated by GPs and practices. As well as freeing up GP capacity, practices and practitioners also identified improvements in patient safety, positive effects on staff morale, and reductions in stress. Prescribing support staff also indicated that the initiative had a positive impact on job satisfaction and was considered sustainable, although practice expectations and time constraints created new challenges.

Conclusion

Specialist clinical pharmacists are safe and effective in supporting GPs and practices with key prescribing activities in order to directly free GP capacity. However, further work is required to assess the impact of such service developments on prescribing cost-efficiency and clinical pharmacist medication review work.
Enhancing Screening Systems to Facilitate Hearing-Healthcare Access: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Carlson Kathleen F. , Sell Sara , Vachhani Jay , Folmer Robert L. , Saunders Gabrielle , Feeney M. Patrick
Published: September 2018

Background:Although hearing loss is a common health issue, hearing healthcare (HHC) is poorly accessed. Screening to identify hearing loss is an important part of HHC access, specifically for those who screen positive for hearing loss and would benefit from seeing a HHC provider.
New technologies can be automated to provide information and recommendations that are tailored to the needs of individual users, potentially enhancing rates of HHC access after positive screens. A greater understanding of the facilitators of postscreening HHC access that could be leveraged
in such systems is needed.Purpose:The purpose of this project was to identify facilitators of postscreening HHC access that can be used in automated screening systems.Research Design:This qualitative study used focus groups (FGs) to understand perceived barriers, perceived benefits,
and potential cues to action, as informed by the Health Belief Model, for accessing HHC after use of automated hearing screening systems.Study Sample:Fifty individuals participated in one of seven FGs. FGs were conducted separately with three types of stakeholders: four FGs included
adults who reported some degree of perceived hearing loss and had recently completed a hearing screening; two FGs included adults who had recently sought HHC for the first time because of hearing loss; and one FG involved significant others/family members of individuals with hearing loss.Data
Collection and Analysis:FGs were 60‐90 minutes in length and were led by a trained facilitator following a discussion guide. A research audiologist was present at each FG and served as a notetaker. FGs were recorded and transcribed by research team members, and transcripts were
then coded in an iterative process by multiple team members. Qualitative content analysis was used to reduce data and to identify salient themes and subthemes, following an inductive approach. We focused on identifying themes that were related to facilitators of HHC access after positive screens
for hearing loss and, separately, potential enhancements to automated hearing screening systems that would leverage these facilitators to improve HHC access.Results:We identified five key themes related to HHC access after a positive screen for hearing loss, along with ideas for enhancing
automated hearing screening systems based on these themes. The themes included knowledge, trust, access, quality of life, and interpersonal influence.Conclusions:The results of our work help inform the development of innovative hearing screening systems that can be automated to leverage
individual facilitators of HHC access.
Continuum and Spectral Line Radiation from a Random Clumpy Medium
Authors: Conway John E. , Elitzur Moshe , Parra Rodrigo
Published: September 2018

We present a formalism for continuum and line emission from random clumpy media together with its application to problems of current interest, including CO spectral lines from ensembles of clouds and radio emission from H ii regions, supernovae, and star-forming regions. For line emission, we find that the effects of clump opacity on observed line ratios can be indistinguishable from variations of intrinsic line strengths, adding to the difficulties in determining abundances from line observations. Our formalism is applicable to arbitrary distributions of cloud properties, provided the cloud volume filling factor is small; numerical simulations show it to hold up to filling factors of ∼10%. We show that irrespective of the complexity of the cloud ensemble, the radiative effect of clumpiness can be parameterized at each frequency by a single multiplicative correction to the overall optical depth; this multiplier is derived from appropriate averaging over individual cloud properties. Our main finding is that cloud shapes have only a negligible effect on radiation propagation in clumpy media; the results of calculations employing point-like clouds are practically indistinguishable from those for finite-sized clouds with arbitrary geometrical shapes.
MHD Stagnation Point Flow of Viscoelastic Nanofluid Past a Convectively Heated Stretching Surface
Authors: Narayana P.V. Satya , Tarakaramu N. , Makinde Oluwole Daniel , Venkateswarlu B. , Sarojamma G.
Published: September 2018

A mathematical model is established to examine the influence of viscous dissipation and joule heating on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of an incompressible viscoelastic nanofluid over a convectively heated stretching sheet. Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects have been introduced in this nanofluid model. The governing equations are transformed into ODE’s by using suitable similarity conversions and are then solved numerically by the most robust shooting technique. The significance of numerous physical flow constraints is performed for, and distributions through graphs. It is noticed that, the increases for higher values of and reduces for rising values of heat source and Biot numbers. An outstanding contract was found between our numerical results and previously publicised results.
MHD Reacting and Radiating 3-D Flow of Maxwell Fluid Past a Stretching Sheet with Heat Source/Sink and Soret Effects in a Porous Medium
Authors: Kumar Sure Geethan , Varma S. Vijaya Kumar , Prasad Putta Durga , Raju Chakravarthula S.K. , Makinde Oluwole Daniel , Sharma Rohit
Published: September 2018

In this study, we numerically investigate the hydromagnetic three dimensional flow of a radiating Maxwell fluid over a stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium with heat source/sink, first ordered chemical reaction and Soret effect. The corresponding boundary layer equations are reduced into set of non-linear ordinary differential equations by means of similarity transformations. The resulting coupled non-linear equations are solved numerically by employing boundary value problem default solver in MATLAB bvp4c package. The obtained results are presented and discussed through graphs and tables. It is noticed that the Deborah number reduces the velocity fields and improves the temperature and concentration fields. Nomenclature
Dual Stratification on the Darcy-Forchheimer Flow of a Maxwell Nanofluid over a Stretching Surface
Authors: Lakshmi K. Sree , Sarojamma G. , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: September 2018

The present study discusses two dimensional Darcy-Forchheimer steady flow of a doubly stratified Maxwell nanofluid over a sheet of continuous stretching. Analysis of thermal energy and species concentration is carried out incorporating radiative heat, thermal and solutal stratifications, Brownian motion and thermophoresis. By introducing suitable transformations the system of equations of the flow are recast into a set of nonlinear ODEs which are then solved numerically by using the RKF-45 method. Flow characteristics are deliberated for different variations of governing parameters. Surface drag force, thermal energy and mass transfer rates are computed and discussed. Favourable comparisons with published work in the literature for different special cases of the problem are examined.
Exponentially Decaying Heat Source on MHD Tangent Hyperbolic Two-Phase Flows over a Flat Surface with Convective Conditions
Authors: Mamatha S.U. , Raju Chakravarthula S.K. , Prasad Putta Durga , Ajmath K.A. , Mahesha  , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: September 2018

The present framework addresses Darcy-Forchheimer steady incompressible magneto hydrodynamic hyperbolic tangent fluid with deferment of dust particles over a stretching surface along with exponentially decaying heat source. To control the thermal boundary layer Convective conditions are considered. Appropriate transformations were utilized to convert partial differential equations (PDEs) into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (NODEs). To present numerical approximations Runge-Kutta Fehlberg integration is implemented. Computational results of the flow and energy transport are interpreted for both fluid and dust phase with the support of graph and table illustrations. It is found that non-uniform inertia coefficient of porous medium decreases velocity boundary layer thickness and enhances thermal boundary layer. Improvement in Weissenberg number improves the velocity boundary layer and declines the thermal boundary layer.
Chemical Reaction and Radiation Effects on Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow over a Stretching Sheet with Non-Uniform Thickness and Heat Source
Authors: Ibrahim S. Mohammed , Kumar Prathi Vijaya , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: September 2018

The principle priority of this study is to inspect the performance of two dimensional chemically reacting non-Newtonian fluid bearing Soret, Dufour, thermal radiation, heat source and slip effects. The flow is prompted by a slendering surface with variable thickness. Casson and Williamson fluid models are incorporated in this discussion. Governing equations are evolved and converted into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. We adopted homotopy analysis method (HAM) to pick up the solutions. The graphical and tabular results for velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction factor, local Nusselt number and Sherwood number are secured for both Casson and Williamson fluids. The correspondence between the acquired and previous results reveals that they are in good correlation. It is found that there is a significant increase in the thermal boundary layer thickness when the strength of the Dufour number is increased.
Impact of Stretching and Penetration of Walls on Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Rotating System
Authors: Dogonchi A.S. , Ganji D.D. , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: September 2018

Nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a rotating system between two parallel plates in the presence of thermal radiation and heat source impacts are examined. One of the plates of the considered system is penetrable and the other one is stretchable or shrinkable. A similarity transformation is used to convert the governing momentum and energy equations into non-linear ordinary differential equations with the relevant boundary conditions. The achieved non-linear ordinary differential equations are solved by Duan-Rach Approach (DRA). This method allows us to realize a solution without applying numerical methods to evaluate the unspecified coefficients. The impacts of diverse active parameters such as the stretching/shrinking parameter, the radiation parameter, the heat source parameter, the suction/blowing parameter, the Reynolds number and the volume fraction of nanofluid on the velocity and temperature profiles are explored. Also, the correlation for the Nusselt number has been developed in terms of active parameters of the present study. The outcomes indicate that the Nusselt number is a raising function of the injection parameter, nanofluid volume fraction and the radiation parameter, while it is a decreasing function of the suction and heat source parameters. Furthermore, for injection case by soaring the shrinking parameter, the probability of occurrence of the backflow phenomenon soars.
Numerical Simulation of Oscillatory MHD Natural Convection in Cylindrical Annulus: Prandtl Number Effect
Authors: Mebarek-Oudina Fateh , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: September 2018

The oscillatory natural convection between two concentric cylinders is numerically investigated. The effect of Prandtl number on flow and heat transfer characteristics with considering the magnetic field effects is investigated. For different values of physical parameters, critical Rayleigh numbers are determined. For buoyancy term, the Boussinesq approximation is used, and the numerical solutions are obtained using the finite volume method. For this kind of Prandtl number, the flow and heat transfer characteristics are unique and independent of the Prandtl number. Stability diagram (RaCr-Pr) highlights the dependence of RaCr via Prandtl numbers and various Hartmann number. The importance of this modeling is its practical application for stabilizing or weakening the convective effects in the design of magnetic systems.
On Spectral Relaxation Approach to Radiating Powell-Eyring Fluid Flow over a Stretching Disk with Newtonian Heating
Authors: Gangadhar K. , Kumar D. Vijaya , Ibrahim S. Mohammed , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: September 2018

In this study we use a new spectral relaxation method to investigate an axisymmetric law laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous incompressible non-Newtonian Eyring-Powell fluid and heat transfer over a heated disk with thermal radiation and Newtonian heating. The transformed boundary layer equations are solved numerically using the spectral relaxation method that has been proposed for the solution of nonlinear boundary layer equations. Numerical solutions are obtained for the local wall temperature, the local skin friction coefficient, as well as the velocity and temperature profiles. We show that the proposed technique is an efficient numerical algorithm with assured convergence that serves as an alternative to common numerical methods for solving nonlinear boundary value problems. We show that the convergence rate of the spectral relaxation method is significantly improved by using method in conjunction with the successive over-relaxation method. It is observed that CPU time is reduced in SOR method compare with SRM method.
Significance of Buoyancy, Velocity Index and Thickness of an Upper Horizontal Surface of a Paraboloid of Revolution: The Case of Non-Newtonian Carreau Fluid
Authors: Makinde Oluwole Daniel , Omojola M.T. , Mahanthesh B. , Alao F.I. , Adegbie K.S. , Animasaun Isaac Lare , Wakif A. , Sivaraj R. , Tshehla M.S.
Published: September 2018

The problem of fluid flow on air-jet weaving machine (i.e. mechanical engineering and chemical engineering) is deliberated upon in this report using the case of non-Newtonian Carreau fluid flow. In this report, the boundary layer flow of the fluid over an upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid of revolution is presented. The dimensional governing equations were non-dimensionalized, parameterized, solved numerically and discussed. Maximum horizontal velocity is ascertained at smaller values of thickness parameter, a larger value of buoyancy related parameter and the flow is characterized as shear-thickening. Local skin friction coefficient is an increasing and a decreasing property of Deborah number for Shear thinning and Shear-thickening cases of the flow respectively. The velocity of the flow parallel to the surface (uhspr) is a decreasing property of thickness parameter and increasing function of velocity index parameter.
Slip Flow of an Unsteady Nanofluid Past a Stretching Surface in a Transverse Magnetic Field Using SRM
Authors: Gangadhar K. , Ramana K.V. , Ibrahim S. Mohammed , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: September 2018

A theoretical and numerical examination has been completed to talk about the unsteady, two dimensional slip flow of a nanofluid of heat and mass transfer with transverse magnetic field was investigated in this paper. A stretching surface is used to investigate the flow. Obtained nonlinear equations are solved by Spectral Relaxation Method (SRM) technique and the results are verified by comparing the results obtained by using the Matlab in-built boundary value problem solver bvp4c, and the outcomes which are published in previous papers. The outcomes are exhibited pictorially and talked about difference coming about parameters. Expanding heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate and velocity slip raises velocity yet to be diminishes temperature and skin friction (surface shear stress).
Unsteady Flow of Chemically Reacting Nanofluid over a Cone and Plate with Heat Source/Sink
Authors: Basha H. Thameem , Makinde Oluwole Daniel , Arora Akshay , Singh Amandeep , Sivaraj R.
Published: September 2018

The intention of this communication is to explore the characteristics of Lorentz force on the fluid transport properties of a chemically reacting nanofluid with two types of geometries. Simulations have been done to investigate the controlling equations utilizing Crank-Nicolson scheme. Influence of embedded parameters such as Hartman number, heat source/sink, Brownian diffusion, chemical reaction parameter and thermophoretic diffusivity is graphically presented. Tables demonstrate the significant impact of sundry parameters on skin-friction factor, heat and mass transfer rates. The achieved results expose that the Hartman number having high influences on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics.
Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic Flow Past a Slendering Stretching Surface with Thermophoresis and Brownian Motion
Authors: Kumaran G. , Makinde Oluwole Daniel , Sivaraj R.
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we investigate the influence of non uniform heat source/sink and thermal radiation on magnetohydrodynamic flow past a slendering surface with the influence of thermophoresis and Brownian effects. The governing non-linear flow problem is solved numerically by the aid of RK based shooting method. Influence of dimensionless parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are explored through graphical illustrations. Skin friction factor, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are presented and discussed. Rising values of magnetic and thermophoresis parameters increase the thermal and concentration distributions. Boosting values of Brownian motion parameter enhance the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers.
Mountain Recreational Territories of Kabardino-Balkaria under the Influence of Natural Disasters
Authors: Kondratyeva Natalia V. , Razumov Victor V. , Zalikhanov Mikhail Ch. , Shagin Sergey I.
Published: September 2018

vulnerability of recreational territories of Kabardino-Balkaria to influences of natural disasters is investigated. Systemized data of types and degree of glacial danger on the territory are presented. The regularities of the manifestation of glacial slopes are investigated. The dynamics of the development of the preglacial lakes is revealed. Objects exposed to snow avalanches and mudflows are identified. The volume of avalanches in the territory of the republic varies from 100 m3 to 106 m3.
Evaluation of Emission of Pollutants in the Atmosphere Produced by Heating Enterprises of Nalchik Town
Authors: Sozaeva Lezhinka T.
Published: September 2018

In the given article the pollutants emission evaluation results in the atmosphere from heating enterprises of Nalchik are presented. Evaluations were realized in accordance with criteria of atmospheric air quality of the populated areas that require preventing the increase of maximum permissible concentrations for each pollutant emitted by heating houses (nitrogen dioxide, oxide of nitrogen and carbon oxide) on considering points. The results of dispersion of emissions showed that there was no increase in maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants on the populated area nearest to each heating house. However, the amount of emissions is significant and is about 742 tons per year. In connection with it, it is necessary to introduce new technological decisions, efficient pollution control facilities directed on reduction of emissions on the environment and human health.
Methodology of Expences Optimization at Implementation of Measures for Solving the Critical Ecological Situation in the Area of the Azov Sea
Authors: Omelchenko Elena V. , Trushkova Ekaterina A.
Published: September 2018

The article presents a methodology for expenses optimization in the implementation of measures to address the critical ecological situation in the Azov Sea area, describes the location of the unique natural site - the Sea of Azov, describes anthropogenic factors affecting the bio-productivity of valuable fish species, examines environmental protection measures and shows necessity of their practical application.
Modeling of Reactor Dry Protection Stressed-Strain State Taking into Account Temperature and Radiation Exposure
Authors: Kurachev Radjab M. , Vysokovsky Dmitriy A. , Chepurnenko Anton S. , Shvetsov Pavel A.
Published: September 2018

The paper proposes the method of stress calculation in three-layer protecting structures of nuclear reactors under thermal and radiation effects. We consider the case of a plane deformed state. One-dimensional axisymmetric finite elements are used. The effect of indirect material heterogeneity on the stress-strain state of the structure is investigated.
Impact of the Slurry Pond of the Tyrnyauz Tungsten-Molybdenum Complex on the Mountain Territories Environment
Authors: Huchunayev Buzgigit M. , Dakhova Oksana O. , Bekkiyeva Svetlana A. , Hatefova Svetlana B.
Published: September 2018

The results of the Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum Plant (TTMP) slurry pond settler environment impacts assessment are given in this scientific work, and the recommendations about the negative impact reduction on the environment are made. In the given work the characteristics of the environment state are investigated: atmospheric air, water objects and land resources.
Noospheric and Antropospheric Consequences of Disasters and Safety Philosophy
Authors: Holodova Alisa A.
Published: September 2018

The article is devoted to very urgent problems of the present day environmental issues – the problems of noospheric and tropospheric disaster outcomes. Nowadays, technological innovations, new discoveries in scientific and informational sphere accelerate the development of new mechanisms for the evolution of the noospheric and the anthropospheric globalism. Needless to say, that the process of globalisation has lead to the environmental crisis which caused the formation of a new level of the philosophy of security.
Reforming Pricing in Construction
Authors: Ardzinov Vasilii D. , Leontiev Alexander A. , Uraev Grigorii A.
Published: September 2018

Since 2016, the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation has been carrying out a fundamental reform of pricing and estimated rationing in construction [1]. The main objective of the reform is to create conditions on the basis of the Federal State Information System for Building Pricing (FSIS BP) for the transition to a resource method to determine the estimated cost of construction, the formation of a reliable initial contract price on this basis, including using enlarged building price standards. The essence of the task is insurance against the growth of the real cost of construction. In developed economies, this is achieved through exchange mechanisms using derivative financial instruments such as options.
Study and Evaluation of the Competitiveness Potential of the Organizations in the Construction Industry
Authors: Polovnikova Nadezhda A. , Chepachenko Nikolay V. , Yudenko Marina N.
Published: September 2018

In the article the methodological approach towards the assessment of competitiveness of organizations and their construction products, which allows to increase the efficiency of management of the competitiveness process of the construction organizations, is substantiated. The authors propose the methodological approach towards the validation of the quantitative assessment of the competitiveness potential of the organizations. The approaches are based on the criteria of optimality, mitigation of risks of losing the potential for increasing the competitive advantages of the organization and mitigation of the payback period of the investments, targeted at the formation of the potential of the internal environment with the aim of developing the competitive advantage. This proposal allows increasing the quality of the analysis and the assessment of the potential of the internal environment of the organizations and carrying out the result-oriented diagnostics, collection, processing, analysis and assessment of the necessary information in order to select the directions for the development of the entrepreneurial potential of the internal environment of the organization.
Construction Industry’s Regulatory Institutions
Authors: Gogitidze Meri V. , Guzenko Olesya I. , Sapozhnikova Anna G.
Published: September 2018

The key element of the construction industry is the capital construction, which is finishing and combining efforts of all investment industries and turning material resources into fixed assets, creating conditions for commissioning and use in the social production of means and objects of the labor. At the same time the construction industry is connected with other economy sectors and their end products consumption. Such close interconditionality predetermines need for increase the construction complex efficiency, which is promoting to the increase in rates of economic growth at any particular region and country. The industry’s effective functioning requires creating institutional conditions for the growth and stability. The article is aimed at the questions construction industry regulation and enhances the effectiveness of the institutes, which are participating in this process.
Improving the Efficiency of the Bridges Construction Organization on the Basis of Information Modeling
Authors: Kozhevnikov Michail M. , Kozhevnikova Sofia T. , Ginzburg Alexander V. , Gladkikh Vitaliy A.
Published: September 2018

At present, the solution of not only the tactical tasks of the structure technical state preserving but also the strategic tasks of the erected and existing structures quality improving in order to develop the road and transport network in the development perspective lines is topical. The construction organization of the bridge structures is a complex process; it requires the performing work careful monitoring. The approach based on the information modeling used by construction participants, including the construction control service, is proposed in this paper. The article is devoted to the methodology that allows improving the document circulation procedure organization process efficiency and coordinating changes, due to the introduction of the information modeling technology, which influences on the building construction duration. The database is created to introduce the necessary data into the information model of the bridge structure, as well as the result parameters of the interaction with the model. The data on the practical implementation of the proposed approach on the example of the bridge construction object is presented; the analysis is made compared with the established process of construction production organization, and the advantages of the first one are fixed.
Workspace Planning Based on the Analysis of BIM Collisions
Authors: Ignatova Elena V.
Published: September 2018

This article discusses a method for solving the problem of finding collisions of workspaces during construction. The solution of this problem is reduced to the solution of the basic problem of finding collisions (intersections) of geometric objects. Methods of classification, generation and analysis of workspace model are discussed. BIM technology is useful for creating 3D workspaces. Autodesk Revit was selected as a BIM software for creating digital building models and tools for creating workspaces. The scheme of interaction between BIM model and construction schedule is proposed to determine parameters of 3D workspace.
Finite Element Modeling of Eigenvibrations of a Loaded Bar
Authors: Samsonov Anton A. , Solov'ev Sergey I.
Published: September 2018

The nonlinear second-order differential eigenvalue problem describing eigenvibrations of a bar with elastically attached load is investigated. This problem has an increasing sequence of positive simple eigenvalues with limit point at infinity. The sequence of eigenvalues corresponds to a system of normalized eigenfunctions. The initial nonlinear eigenvalue problem is approximated by the quadrature finite element method on a uniform grid. The existence and accuracy of approximate solutions are studied. Investigations of the present paper can be generalized for the cases of more complicated and important problems on eigenvibrations of beams, plates and shells with elastically attached loads.
Numerical Analysis of the Exact Solution of the Wave Equation of the Longitudinal Seismic Oscillations of Soil and the Construction as a Point Insertion
Authors: Yaxubayev Kamil D. , Kochergina Dinara D.
Published: September 2018

The numerical analysis of the exact solution of the system of the differential equations which includes the partial differential equation of the longitudinal seismic oscillations of the soil and the ordinary differential equation of oscillations of the construction in the form of a point rigid insertion.
Building Structures Thermal Calculation
Authors: Maistrenko A.V.
Published: September 2018

A review of a three-dimensional finite element calculation for a non-stationary heating regime of a compound structure with a complex shape. The accuracy of thermal processes modeling is determined. The temperature fields for the wind power plants blade elements have been determined at the stage of their manufacturing, which made it possible to identify the characteristic features of the technological process for these structures production.
Technology for Water Economy Monitoring of Technical State of Closed Drainage on Irrigation Systems
Authors: Bandurin Mikhail A. , Volosukhin Victor A. , Vanzha Vladimir V.
Published: September 2018

Technical state of closed drainage on irrigation systems owing to well-established, conditions for the country's economy development was without due attention beginning since the 90s of the 20th century and this was negatively reflected of their operational capability nowadays. Current survey procedures of closed drainage on irrigation systems are directed at evaluating, as a whole, serviceability of structure system elements for the further operation. When conducting survey a number of questions to the methods and ways to detect faults and defects as well as to forecast remaining life operational capability for the given period of time have been arisen. The objective to develop an automation technology for multifactor survey of closed drainage of irrigation systems is evaluating actual technical state of structural elements and the main equipment by the methods of non-destroying instrumental control, determination of remaining life operational capability of their elements as well as determination of safety deficit to evaluate possibilities of continuing operation above the fixed service life. The positive results of the above evaluation are the basis to prepare a structure for prolongation of its service life.
Technology of Strengthening the Supporting Zones of the Glued-Wood Beaming Structure with the Application of Nanomodified Prepregs
Authors: Roschina Svetlana I. , Lisyatnikov Mikhail S. , Lukin Mikhail V. , Popova Marina V.
Published: September 2018

The article is devoted to the investigation of the technology of the wood-glued structures manufacture with strengthening the supporting zones by a prepreg on the basis of the fiberglass and the glued oligomer with the addition of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The peculiarities of the wooden beams cross-sections have been presented. The main types of fiberglass have been reviewed. The article describes strengthening the supporting zones of wooden and glued-wood beams. The method of nanoparticles application in adhesive compositions to improve their physical mechanical properties has been considered. The technological process of manufacturing the glued-wood structure and its strengthening has been developed.
Managing the Safety Level of Buildings and Structures
Authors: Zayarov Yuriy I. , Pimshin Yuri V. , Burdakov Sergey M.
Published: September 2018

With the introduction of the Russian laws on the definition of safety in use of buildings and structures, it became necessary to develop criteria (coefficients) for estimating these states. One of the known approaches to assessing the safety of buildings is based on the analysis of geometric characteristics. However, currently, there are no criteria that would ensure the solution of this problem. It is required to develop these characteristics. In this research, we offer an approach to the designation of such criteria. This proposal for assessing the technical condition of buildings, the coefficients of internal geometry and building stability, providing a single-value assessment of the state of the object in terms of safety of its use.