bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between the Preterm Infant Gut Microbiome and Later Childhood Behavior
Authors: Dutra Samia , McSkimming Daniel , Sarkar Anujit , Ji Ming , Shaffer Emily , Yoo Ji Youn , Gordon Jessica , Groer Maureen
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives
Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants, born weighing less than 1500 grams, are at risk for both gut dysbiosis and later neuropsychological developmental deficits. With gut dysbiosis there is a disequilibrium of the gut microbial community. The Gammaproteobacteriadominated gut dysbiosis in VLBW infants likely results from a combination of immaturity derived from interrupted intrauterine development and environmental exposures in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) after birth. The extent of later neurobehavioral consequences associated with such microbial dysbiosis have yet to be determined.
Methods
We explored associations between the infants’ gut microbiome richness, diversity, composition, and network and early childhood behavior at 2 and 4 years of age in 25 children who were previously preterm born and studied while hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Behavior was measured with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at home visits at 32.2+/-4.8 months, and again at 49 +-3.6 months. We also measured children’s microbiomes at 2 and 4 years of age.
Results
The diversity and richness of the gut microbiome in VLBW infants were associated with later parent-reported maladaptive behavioral and emotional symptoms, including symptoms associated with autism, anxiety, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD), attention problems, and aggressive behavior. Microbiome compositional signatures were also associated with later childhood behavior. Network analysis revealed that the microbiome networks differed in the children at 2 and 4 years of age and different amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were associated with behavior at these timepoints.
Conclusions
These data provide preliminary support for relationships between both the VLBW and later child gut microbiome dysbiosis and childhood behavior.
Prediction of Number of Covid-19 Affected Persons by Using Gompertz Curves
Authors: Pal Manoranjan , ADHIKARY ABHIGAYAN
Published: December 2022

The aim of this paper is to analyze the First and the Second Covid Waves experienced by India using the modified versions of Gompertz Curve (MGC) and to estimate the maximum number of affected individuals for each wave with the best possible accuracy. The time period of collected data is from 30th January 2020 to 11th July 2021. The entire dataset is segregated into two parts, i.e., for the First and the Second Waves and then modelled individually by the MGC. The robustness of the fits is checked, and then residuals are further modelled successively to improve the accuracy of the estimates. A key highlight of this paper is that our model can be implemented taking a smaller dataset with reasonable accuracy. Finally, a comparative analysis of the results has been performed with the Logistic Model and the ARIMA Models.
Hexyltrimethylammonium bromide solutions at 278.15: A dielectric investigation on micelle relaxation and hydration
Authors: Rohman Nashiour
Published: December 2022

A low temperature, 278.1 K studies on the dynamics of micelles and its hydrophilic and hydrophobic hydration of n-hexyltrimethylammonium bromide solutions is studied by dielectric measurements. The covered frequency range was ∼ 0.2 to 89 / GHz and concentration was varied from 0.0982 to 0.8534 mol.dm-3. A sum of four Debye processes fits all the spectra. Micelle relaxation processes are observed below the critical micelle concentration indicating premicellar aggregation. The relaxation processes were analyzed with theory proposed by Grosse. Accordingly the two low frequencies are assigned to radial and tangential diffusion of free and bound counter ions around the charged micelles. It is revealed that the hydrophilic hydration where the water molecules are completely immobilized is independent of temperature. On the other hand, the hydrophobic hydration increases at lower temperature.
Medical Errors: The need for institutional change to ensure patients’ safety
Authors: Rasool Naima , Mustafa Mohammad Nabeel
Published: December 2022

Background/Aims
Medical Errors are the preventable adverse effects of medical care, resulting in numerous deaths annually worldwide.
In Pakistan situation is more complex, due to overly populated hospitals, fewer underpaid overworked doctors and paramedics, no policy to deal with the subject, and seldom any checks and balances. This study is an effort to sensitize and equip our surgical trainees and paramedical staff to recognize and deal with medical errors which along with the help of institutional management, will bring a positive change in the clinical setting to decrease the incidence of errors while ensuring patients’ safety.
Methodology
A structured Pre-workshop questionnaire was given to the participants to fill out, it was followed by a PowerPoint presentation along with a discussion. A 12 mins long teaching video from the Center of Bioethics and Culture (CBEC) archive was shown, which was followed by an interactive discussion. Participants were asked to evaluate the Workshop on a structured Performa. A Post-workshop survey was done after 04 weeks to assess the impact of the activity in the clinical settings of the participants. Data were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative part, emerging themes were analyzed using NVivo software.
Results
There were 21 participants from the National Institute of Child Health, Karachi (13 paramedics / 08 doctors) while 16 were from Fazaya Ruth Pfau Medical College, Karachi (02 paramedics, 14 doctors). The preliminary coding after the clustering of verbatims was developed. A total of 03 main themes emerged, based on participants’ knowledge, causes / contributing factors, and ethical implications of medical errors.
1- In the theme of knowledge, the sub-themes that emerged were, “wrong medication and wrong diagnosis”.
2- In the theme of causes and contributing factors, participants used the verbatims of “commonest error is senior doctors’ behavior and responsibility, lack of knowledge and shortage of staff”.
3- In ethical implication, “burnout due to stress” was the commonest sub-theme.
After 04 weeks, participants were asked about steps taken to reduce the error events. The responses were grouped under the “need for administration’s cooperation, SOPs following, and documentation” codes.
Recommendations
o Training, sensitization, and realization of the problems related to medical error are the need of the hour.
o The change at the institutional level is the key to curbing the problem.
Prediction of genetic values according to the dimensionality reduction of SNP's markers in complex models
Authors: Siqueira Michele Jorge Silva , Barbosa Ivan de Paiva , Chagas Francyse Edite de Oliveira , Júnior Antônio Carlos da Silva , Cruz Cosme Damião , Nascimento Moysés
Published: December 2022

The presence of non-informative markers in Genome Wide Selection (GWS) needs to be evaluated so that the genomic prediction is more efficient in a breeding program. This study proposes to evaluate the efficiency of RR-BLUP after reducing the dimensionality of SNP's markers in the presence of different levels of dominance, heritability, and epistatic interactions in order to demonstrate that the results obtained with reduced information improve prediction and preserve the same biological conclusions when using a larger data set. 10 F2 populations of a diploid species (2n = 2x = 20) with an effective size of 1000 individuals were simulated, involved the random combination of 2000 gametes generated from contrasting homozygous parents. 10 linkage groups (LG) with a size of 100 cM each and comprised 2010 bi-allelic SNP´s distributed equally and equidistant form. Nine traits were simulated, formed by different degrees of dominance, heritability, and epistatic interactions. The dimensionality reduction was performed randomly in the simulated population and then the efficiency of RR-BLUP was tested in two different studies. The parameters square of correlation (r2), root mean squares error (RMSE), and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to evaluate the efficiency of the model used in the RR-BLUP. The results obtained from the reduced information predicted by the RR-BLUP were able to improve the prediction and preserve the same biological conclusions when using a larger data set. Non-informational or small effect markers can be removed from the original data set. The inclusion of dominance effects was an efficient strategy to improve predictive capacity.
Self-Constructed Interface of Co2P/Co3Fe7 Nanoparticles Encapsulated in N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Superior Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zn-Air Batteries
Authors: Feng Ailing , Liu Liang , Liu Peitao , Zu Yanqing , Han Fengbo , Li Xiaodong , Ding Shijiu , Chen Yanan
Published: December 2022

Designing interfacial structure is an essential but challenging approach to regulating electronic structures to develop favorable bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts in Zn-air batteries (ZABs). We utilize a facile one-step sintering strategy for preparing Co2P/Co3Fe7 interfacial nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes (Co2P/Co3Fe7@N-C). The obtained Co2P/Co3Fe7@N-C electrocatalyst exhibits significant bifunctional oxygen evolution/reduction reaction (OER/ORR) activity (ΔE = 0.61 V), better than that of Pt/C + Ir/C (ΔE = 0.69 V) and compete with other previously report electrocatalysts. The density functional theory results reveal that the synergistic coupling effect and interfacial electronic interaction between Co2P and Co3Fe7 play a key role in boosting bifunctional ORR/OER efficiency. Remarkably, Co2P/Co3Fe7@N-C-based liquid ZABs exhibit excellent performance with higher power density (152.3 mW cm− 2) and longer cycle stability (1596 cycles) than the Pt/C + Ir/C-based ZABs (105 mW cm− 2; 882 cycles). Interestingly, the connected in series of Co2P/Co3Fe7@N-C-based liquid ZABs can be powered emitting diodes (LEDs) and blue LEDs display panel, indicating the possibility of practical application. It can be predicted that our present work opens a new pathway for rationally designing superior bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable metal-air batteries through interfacial engineering.
Plastid marker-based phylogeny reveals insights into relationships among Papilionoideae species
Authors: Silva Flávia Gomes , Filho Rômulo Maciel Moraes , Martins Luiza Suely Semen , Ramos Robson da Silva , Silva Gheysa Coelho
Published: December 2022

The Papilionoideae subfamily comprises more than 14,000 species, 501 genera and 32 tribes, representing two-thirds of all genera and species in the Fabaceae family. Papillonoids are recognized for their food and forage importance, wide distribution in different biomes and variation in floral architecture as well as plastome structure. Due to the high-level conservation of chloroplast genomes, when compared to nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) have been elucidating the relationships among the main Papilionoideae's taxon. However, the phylogeny of some clades of the subfamily remains unresolved. Aiming at the phylogenetic reconstruction of the deep branching species of Papilionoideae, concatenated sequences of six loci (matK, psaA, psbA, psbD, rbcL and rpoC2) of cpDNA from 117 species of Papilionoideae were analyzed using the maximum likelihood methodology. The plastomes of Papilionoideae showed low conservation and similarity. Phylogenetic analysis resulted in a monophyletic tree, confirming the division of the subfamily into four main clades (NPAAA, ADA, Genistoids and Dalbergioids). The sibling group relationship of the ADA clade with the Genistoids clade was demonstrated, with high support. The paraphyly of the Phaseoleae and Millettiae tribes was evidenced within the NPAAA clade with unresolved phylogeny of the Genistoids clade. As well, was observed that only species of the ADA clade have no rhizobium nodules, which may be a possible synapomorphy to support the relationships of this group. The analysis also suggest that the main Papilionoideae clades diverged from the Paleocene onwards.
Causal effects of gut microbiota on scoliosis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lai Bowen , Zhou Xuhui
Published: December 2022

Background
Recent studies have shown altered gut microbiome composition in patients with scoliosis. However, the causal effect of gut microbiota on scoliosis remains unknown.
Methods
A Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to quantify the impact of 191 gut microbiome taxa's instrumental variables from the MibioGen Genome-wide association study (GWAS) on scoliosis risk using data from the FinnGen GWAS (1,168 cases and 16,4682 controls). Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the main method, and MR results were verified by sensitive analysis.
Results
Bilophila, Eubacterium (eligens group), Prevotella9, and Ruminococcus2 were discovered to have a protective effect on the risk of scoliosis. Ruminococcaceae UCG009, Catenibacterium, Coprococcus2, Eubacterium (ventriosum group), Lachnospiraceae (FCS020 group), Ruminiclostridium6, and Mollicutes RF9 may increase the occurrence of scoliosis. Heterogeneity (P > 0.05) and pleiotropy (P > 0.05) analysis confirmed the robustness of the MR results.
Conclusion
Our study identified four protective bacteria taxa on scoliosis and seven microbiota that may increase scoliosis occurrence. Further MR analysis is required to corroborate our findings, using a more sophisticated technique to obtain estimates with less bias and greater precision or GWAS summary data with more gut microbiome and scoliosis patients.
Clinical and patient-centered outcomes following rehabilitation of atrophic edentulous maxilla using six implants placed simultaneously with bilateral maxillary sinus augmentation: a retrospective case series
Authors: Sharaf Mufeed Ahmed , Jiang Jimin , Wang Siyuan , Xiao Pei , Xu Antian , He Fuming
Published: December 2022

Objectives
To evaluate treatment success, patient satisfaction, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) after rehabilitation of atrophic edentulous maxilla (AEM) with six implants placed simultaneously with bilateral maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA).
Materials and methods
The selected patients were fully edentulous with atrophic maxillary posterior residual ridges, who rehabilitated with 6 implants placed simultaneously with bilateral MSFA and immediate all-on-4 provisional fixed prosthesis (PFP). After 7–12 months of implant surgery, all patients have received all-on-6 definitive fixed prosthesis (DFP). After at least one year of function with DFP, the clinical and radiographic examinations were performed. Patient satisfaction with DFP was assessed through a visual analog scale (VAS). The OHRQoL before treatment (T0), during provisional (T1), and after definitive prosthesis (T2) was evaluated using OHI-14.
Results
20 maxillary edentulous patients were rehabilitated with 120 implants (6 for each maxilla combined with bilateral MSFA), 20 immediate all-on-4 PFP, and 20 all-on-6 DFP. Of those,12 patients have passed at least year follow-up after DFP insertion, and were eligible to be included for the assessment of treatment success. After a mean of 20 (12–36) months follow-up, the implant and prosthesis survival rate were both 100%. The success rate at the implant level was 98.6%. The peri-implant soft tissue condition was stable without biological complications. The mean marginal bone loss (MBL) was 0.09 ± 0.06 mm. No prosthetic or postoperative complications was observed. The patient satisfaction after treatment was high and the mean general satisfaction was (91.75 ± 7.06). There was a significant improvement in most OHIP-14 domains during the provisional all-on-4 (T1) and in all domains during the final all-on-6 prosthesis (T2) (P < 0.01).
Conclusions
Rehabilitation of the AEM utilizing six implants combined with simultaneous bilateral MSFA, immediate All-on-4 PFP, and delayed All-on-6 DFP is a successful treatment approach associated with minimal postoperative complications high patient satisfaction, significant improvement in OHRQoL.
Clinical relevance:
Rehabilitation of AEM with six implants inserted simultaneously with bilateral MSFA enables the prosthesis to restore/extend to the first or second molars without a cantilever, which improves clinical outcome and OHRQoL compared to cantilevered and shortened dental arch concept prosthesis.
Neuroprotective Effects of Sinapic acid and Ursolic acid in Vanadium-Induced Neurotoxic effect in Rat.
Authors: Jaiswal Madhuri , Gupta Varun , Pallar Anita , Siddique Aqsa , Kale Pravin
Published: December 2022

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent may be an effective combination against neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in neurotoxicity. Sinapic acid acts as a potential antioxidant and ursolic acid acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. In this study, we investigate the neuroprotective effect of SA and UA against vanadium-induced neurotoxicity. 56 male Wistar rats were equally divided into eight groups and received Sodium metavanadate along with Sinapic Acid and Ursolic Acid. Various behavioural and biochemical parameters were evaluated and histology for the same was performed. Administration of SMV led to a decline in behavioural patterns and resulted in impaired memory assessed by the behavioural study. Treatment with SA and UA as monotherapy and combination dose, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory activity was observed with decreased expression of TNF-α and IL-1β.The current study indicates a possible additive effect of Sinapic Acid + Ursolic Acid in combination dose, exerting a protective effect by improving cognitive decline, locomotor activity, and improving oxidative stress in vanadium-induced neurotoxicity.
Drug Use and its correlated factors among University students in Tehran
Authors: Delavari Sahar , Olamazadeh Sogol , Baheshmat Shahab , Gholami Jaleh , Shadloo Behrang , Amin-Esmaeili Masoumeh , Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin
Published: December 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of lifetime, last year, and last month use of illicit drugs (opioids, cannabis, stimulants, and hallucinogens) and associated factors among the first to fourth-year students at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Iran.
Method: The sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling. Anonymous, self-administered questionnaires used in the previous similar surveys were distributed to 1050 students. We provided prevalence of lifetime, last 12 months, last month, and daily use for the main classes of drugs. We evaluated correlated factors of any drug use in the past 12 months using the bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model.
Results: Overall, 945 students participated in this study. A total of 6.6% reported any illicit drug use in the past 12 months (11.2% among male students vs. 3.1% among female students, P > 0.05). Cannabis was the most used drug in the past year by both male and female students, reported by 4.9% of the participants, followed by methylphenidate (2.9%). Daily use of any illicit drug was reported only by 0.7% of male students and no female students. There was an association between illicit drug use in the past 12 months with smoking cigarettes and using alcohol in the past 12 months and drug use among friends or family members.
Conclusions: In general, the prevalence of drug use among the students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences has increased compared to similar previous studies, which call for preventive measures.
Genomic profiles of IDH-mutant gliomas: MYCN amplified IDH-mutant astrocytoma had the worst prognosis and true mixed oligoastrocytoma does not exist
Authors: Lee Kwanghoon , Kim Seong-Ik , Kim Eric Eunshik , Shim Yu-Mi , Won Jae-Kyung , Park Chul-Kee , Choi Seung Hong , Yun Hongseok , Lee Hyunju , Park Sung-Hye
Published: December 2022

Background
This study aims to find any ambiguous genetic outlier for “oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted (O_IDH_mut)” and “astrocytoma, IDH-mutant (A_IDH_mut)” and to redefine the genetic landscape of IDH-mutant gliomas. Methods: The next-generation sequencing (NGS) using a brain tumor-targeted gene panel, methylation profiles, and clinicopathological features were analyzed in O_IDH_mut (n = 74) in 70 patients and A_IDH_mut (n = 95) in 90 patients.
Results
Three had ambiguous genetic profiles for either O_IDH_mut or A_IDH_mut. Two were unusual TP53-mutant O_IDH_mut, validated with the DKFZ methylation classifier (MC) (score: 0.98). The remaining one was a 1p/19q-codeleted and TERTp-mutant A_IDH_mut, which also had TP53 and CIC mutations. This case was matched to O_IDH_mut (Score: 0.75) by the DKFZ-MC v.11b4 algorithm but was corrected to A_IDH_mut_HG (high-grade) (Score: 0.84) using the updated DKFZ-MC v.12.5. The remaining 97.3% and 98.9% of O_IDH_mut and A_IDH_mut had a classic genomic landscape. The patients with MYCN amplified and/or CDKN2A/2B homozygously deleted A_IDH_mut had a worse prognosis than those without these genes’ alterations. Conclusion: CIC and/or FUBP1 mutations were detected in 93.2%, and MGMTp methylation was detected in 95.9% of O_IDH_mut patients. Accepting that 1p/19q codeletion and TP53 mutations are not 100% mutually exclusive, as are the three exceptional cases mentioned above, would be of great help in diagnosing the two subtypes of IDH-mutant diffuse glioma. In histopathologically or genetically ambiguous cases, MC can be an objective tool to avoid a diagnosis of NOS (not otherwise specified) or NEC (not elsewhere classified), as well as tumor classification. The authors have not encountered a true mixed oligoastrocytoma using an integrated diagnosis of genetic and methylation profiles. MYCN amplification, like CDKN2A/2B homozygous deletion, should be included in the genetic criteria for grade 4 A_IDH_mut.
Humic substances and oxidable fractions of organic matter in different environments in Amazônia Maranhense
Authors: Rego Carlos Augusto Rocha de Moraes , de Oliveira Paulo Sérgio Rabello , Muniz Luciano Cavalcante , Rosset Jean Sérgio , Mattei Eloisa , Costa Bruna Penha , Pereira Marcos Gervasio
Published: December 2022

The realization of soil management, without considering the limitations and potential of space, has contributed to the degradation of these environments, in different degrees, depending on the impact promoted on the soil attributes. This work investigated the levels of carbon (C), chemical, and oxidizable fractions of soil organic matter, in pasture areas with different recovery times, compared to a secondary forest. We evaluated the following forms of management: Secondary Forest (SF), Perennial pasture (PP), Perennial pasture recovered five years ago by the corn consortium + Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (P5) and Perennial pasture recovered eight years ago by intercropping corn + Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (P8). We determined the C contents of the oxidizable fractions (F1, F2, F3, and F4) and the contents and stocks of humic substances of organic matter in the layers of 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20, 0.20-0.30, and 0.30-0.40 m. We observed the highest levels of C in humic substances in areas SF, P8, and P5. Regarding the oxidizable fractions, we found in the P8 area the highest levels of C within the F1 and F3 fractions. Through the multivariate analysis employed, it was possible to evidence the following increasing order P8 > SF > P5 > PP of the impact on soil quality. The recovery of the pasture area, eight years ago, provided improvements regarding the accumulation of carbon in the soil in the oxidizable fractions and humic substances.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graph Mathematical Morphology and Some of its Properties
Authors: Jacob Abraham , B. Ramkumar P.
Published: December 2022

This paper studies the mathematical morphology operators acting on a lattice of all intuitionistic fuzzy sub graphs of an intuitionistic fuzzy graph (IFG). pn-adjacency of vertices and edges are defined as neighbourhoods of vertices and edges. We define vertex dilation, vertex erosion, edge dilation, edge erosion and some of their properties on intuionistic fuzzy graph using pn-adjacency of vertices and edges. We propose elementary mathematical morphology operators, dilation and erosion, on intuionistic fuzzy graph using pn-adjacency of vertices and edges based on lattice theory and also prove following basic properties of the proposed intuitionistic fuzzy graph mathematical morphology operators, dilation and erosion. (1) Dilation and erosion on IFG are increasing (2) Dilation is extensive. (3) Erosion is anti-extensive. (4) Dilation is distributive with respect to union and Erosion on IFG is distributive with respect to intersection. These properties are analogous to the properties of dilation and erosion in the classical Mathematical Morphology. So this paper is a theoretical extension of mathematical morphology on graphs to mathematical morphology on intuitionistic fuzzy graph.
MSC Classification: 68U10 , 05C72
Optimization of surveillance effectiveness for smart attendance based all-cause absenteeism : a longitudinal study, China, September 2021 to June 2022
Authors: Wang Weiye , Huang Xiaoliu , Yang Zhen
Published: December 2022

Background
Although smart attendance can only collect all-cause-absenteeism, which is conductive to the modernization of syndromic surveillance system (SSS). It is of great significance to optimize all-cause-absenteeism. The aim of this study was to choose appropriate standard for absenteeism and effective indicators for the face-recognition-based SSS (FRSSS).
Methods
Two primary schools in Hangzhou, China participated in this study. Grades 1-2 (DARL), 3-6 (DARH), and school-wide (DARX) all-cause-absenteeism reported by FRSSS, and all-cause (DARY) and sickness absenteeism (DARZ) reported by school physicians, were daily collected from September, 2021, to June, 2022, and their surveillance effectiveness were compared by by correlations, time series, and control charts.
Results
The time standard of absenteeism was "≥ 24 hours" for DARY and DARZ, while "≥ one hour" for DARX, DARL and DARH. DARY and DARZ were 32.6% and 25.2% of DARX. The correlation between DARY and DARZ was 0.843 (P<0.001) in school A and 0.933 (P<0.001) in school B. Yoden indexes of DARL, DARH, DARX, DARY and DARZ were 83.0%, 85.0%, 80.6%, 78.2% and 80.4% in school A, and 89.3%, 91.0%, 83.9%, 76.8% and 81.0% in school B, respectively.
Conclusions
The surveillance effectiveness of all-cause-absenteeism could be raised to considerable level by setting reasonable standard and adopting multi-level indicators. It is feasible and effective to popularize smart attendance in school-oriented SSSs.
Ice-Inspired Polymeric Slippery Surface with Excellent Smoothness, Stability and Antifouling Properties
Authors: Tan Runxiang , Hao Peng , Wu Daheng , Yang Haoyong , Xia Yifu , Li Shengfei , Wang Jianing , Liang Lisha , Zhou Jin , Zhang Tao
Published: December 2022

The ice is omnipresent in our daily life and possesses intrinsic slipperiness due to the formation of a quasi-liquid layer. Thus, the functional surfaces inspired by the ice show great prospects in widespread fields from surface lubrication to antifouling coatings. Herein, we report an ice-inspired polymeric slippery surface (II-PSS) constructed by a self-lubricating liquid layer and a densely surface-grafted polymer matrix. The smooth polymer matrix could capture lubricant molecules via strong and dynamic dipole-dipole interactions to form a stable quasi-liquid layer that resembles the ice surface. The resultant II-PSS can be easily fabricated on various solid substrates (e.g., silicon, glass, aluminium oxide, plastics, etc.) with excellent smoothness (roughness ~ 0.4 nm), optical transmittance (~ 94.5%), as well as repellency towards diverse liquids with different surface tensions (22.3 ~ 72.8 mN m-1), pH values (1-14), salinity and organic pollutants. Further investigation shows that the II-PSS exhibits extremely low attachment for proteins and marine organisms (e.g., algae and mussel) for over one month. These results demonstrate a robust and promising strategy for high-performance antifouling coatings.
Human placental extract regulates polarization of macrophages via IRGM/NLRP3 in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Wo beibei , du chunyang , yang yan , qi huimin , liang zihui , he conghui , yao fang
Published: December 2022

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is globally prevalent and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Alternative activation of macrophages is suggested in AR and thought to be involved in natural immunoregulatory processes in AR. Aberrant activation of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is linked with AR. Human placenta extract (HPE) is widely used in clinics due to its multiple therapeutic potential carried by diverse bioactive molecules. We aim to investigate the effect of HPE on AR and the possible underlying mechanism.
Methods: Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR rat model was set up and treated by HPE or cetirizine. General manifestation of AR was evaluated along with the histological and biochemical analysis performed on rat nasal mucosa. A proteomic analysis was performed on AR rat mucosa. Mouse alveolar macrophages (MH-S cells) were cultured under OVA stimulation to investigate the regulation of macrophages polarization. The morphological changes of nasal mucosa, the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM) in nasal mucosa as well as in MH-S cells were evaluated respectively.
Results: The general manifestation of AR along with the histological changes in nasal mucosa of AR rats were improved by HPE. HPE treatment suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome and the decline of IRGM in AR rats and MH-S cells. HPE regulates macrophage polarization through IRGM/ NLRP3 in AR.
Conclusions: HPE had protection for AR and the protection is achieved partly through suppressing M1 while promoting M2, the process which is mediated by IRGM via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in AR
Clinical factors and hair care practices influencing outcomes in Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia
Authors: Onamusi Toluwalashe , Larrondo Jorge , McMichael Amy J.
Published: December 2022

Background.
Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is the most common form of primary scarring alopecia in women of African descent, negatively impacting their quality of life. Treatment is often challenging, and we usually direct therapy to suppress and prevent the inflammation. However, factors affecting clinical outcomes are still unknown.
Objectives.
To characterize medical features, concurrent medical conditions, hair care practices, and treatments used for patients with CCCA and assess their relationship with treatment outcomes.
Methods.
We analyzed data from a retrospective chart review of 100 patients diagnosed with CCCA who received treatment for at least one year. Treatment outcomes were compared with patient characteristics to determine any relationships. P-values were calculated using logistic regression and univariate analysis with 95% CI. P < .05 was considered significant.
Results.
After one year of treatment, 50% of patients were stable, 36% improved, and 14% worsened. Patients without a history of thyroid disease (P = 0.0422), using metformin for diabetes control (P = 0.0255), using hooded dryers (P = 0.0062), wearing natural hairstyles (P = 0.0103), and having no other physical signs besides cicatricial alopecia (P = 0.0228), had higher odds of improvement after treatment. Patients with scaling (P = 0.0095) or pustules (P = 0.0325) had higher odds of worsening. Patients with a history of thyroid disease (P = 0.0188), not using hooded dryers (0.0438), or not wearing natural hairstyles (P = 0.0098) had higher odds of remaining stable.
Conclusions.
Clinical characteristics, concurrent medical conditions, and hair care practices may affect clinical outcomes after treatment. With this information, providers can adjust proper therapies and evaluations for patients with Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia.
Enbloc resection of primary oral cancer involving infratemporal fossa: A systematic “out to in and top to bottom” surgical approach and outcomes
Authors: Kumar Naveena AN , Dikhit Punit Singh , G Keshava rajan , Usman Nawaz , Shetty Preethi , Mehta Vedant , Gireesh Rinsha
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

The oral cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OCSCC) involving infratemporal fossa (ITF) is considered as cT4b stage per AJCC 8th classification. The treatment of these group of patients is challenging due to the difficulty in achieving negative resection margin status. In this study we have highlighted our surgical technique with oncological outcome of enbloc resection of primary oral cancer involving ITF.

Methodology:

This was a single centre retrospective study which included only patients with OCSCC extending into ITF. Our surgical technique of systematic “out to in and top to bottom” approach was detailed. The perioperative outcomes, histopathological details, survival outcomes were measured.

Results:

Over the period of 1 year a total of 340 patients with OCSCC reported to our outpatient department, out of which 120 patients belonged to cT4 category and 32 patients were cT4b stage with involvement of ITF. Amongst 32 patients, 2 patients had distant metastasis and were excluded from the study. The 5 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and rest all patients were taken up for upfront curative surgery. There were no significant intraoperative and postoperative complications. None of the margins were found to be involved or close in the final histopathology report. The median DFS and OS were 31 months and 27 months respectively at a median follow up of 29 months.

Conclusion:

Our systematic approach of enbloc resection of primary oral cancer involving ITF is safe and easily reproducible with high rate of negative resection margin status.
How Soon Do Metabolic Alterations and Oxidative Distress Precede the Reduction of Muscle Mass and Strength in Wistar Rats?
Authors: de Lima Malu Cristina de Araújo Montoro , Zazula Matheus Felipe , Martins Luiz Fernando , Carvalhal Stephanie Rubiane da Silva , Guimarães Ana Tereza Bittencourt , Fernandes Luiz Claudio , Naliwaiko Katya
Published: December 2022

Our objective was to investigate how metabolic changes, the antioxidant system and the accumulation of oxidative damage occur in muscles with different fibre populations during the ageing process of Wistar rats, as well as to try to map the key age at which these changes occur. For this, 30 male Wistar rats were euthanized aged 11, 15 and 19 months. Then, changes in energy metabolism, antioxidant system and oxidative damage in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles were determined. In this sense, it was possible to observe that changes in body characteristics occur after 15 months of age. Regarding muscle biochemical alterations, we can observe that the soleus muscle presents alterations in protein and anaerobic metabolism only at 19 months, while the extensor digitorum longus presents these alterations at 15 months. Even with the different induction of the antioxidant system between the muscles, the damage accumulation is similar between the two muscles. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that at 15 months of age, the metabolic changes that lead to the reduction of muscle mass and strength found in ageing begin, being, therefore, a key age for the application of interventions that seek to curb the reduction of mass and muscle strength, promoting a better quality of life for individuals.
COVID and a Traditional Market
Authors: arsyad muhammad , Kadir Yahya , Basir Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Background: There is a sharp difference between traditional markets (souk/suq/souq/suːk) in Egypt and Indonesia, namely in terms of substance where traditional markets in Egypt are not just a place to shop for basic necessities but Egypt presents an artful traditional market tourism aspect while in Indonesia still uses traditional markets as a place to buy all kinds of basic household needs that are hustle and bustle, seem dirty and not organized, not neat, not organized, no art. This means that Egyptian civilization is very advanced and created a new culture long ago, while Indonesia is still using the old culture. Rationally, Egypt is safer than traditional markets in terms of health, social and culture. The study was conducted at Daya-Makassar, where the stigma associated with traditional markets is typically brought on by the comparable behavior of buyers and sellers as well as the first appearance of the coronavirus, namely at the wet market in Wuhan, China, in 2019. a novel line of research known as "from market to market." preliminary observations study carried out in the shutdown season in April 2020. Rigid health regulations that eventually signal relaxations.
Methods: The objective of this research is to provide answers to the following questions: what COVID is, how would they actually comprehend COVID, and how would they like to interact with other dealers and purchasers. This project is an example of exploratory research, and it will use five informants to collect data between March 2020 and November 2022. Techniques for gathering data, such as in-depth interviews, in-person enquiries, and more casual daily dialogue. By asking why and how traders in the traditional market forward COVID in Daya-Makassar operate, this study used qualitative approaches to evaluate data using domain analysis, taxonomies analysis, and component analysis.
Results: One of the sources claimed that the family's financial situation would be at risk and abandoned if COVID were given priority. It is focused on the situations of lower class citizens and has grown to be a significant cultural phenomenon in the conventional market. There is growing hostility between the high and poor classes. The community cannot afford the rising expenditures of healthcare, and the underclass occasionally decides not to take action.
Conclusion: This study shows that: first, following a health routine, using sensible methods They were simply adhering to medical protocol. The quarantine period will last 14 days in accordance with the health protocol. Second, confusing days occasionally adhere to health standards. They were following a process, but on another day they failed to follow it properly or a health protocol. Third, traders no longer care about COVID, despite the fact that they toil hard to earn a nice livelihood for their families.
Rainfall influence on the microclimate of caves and the risk assessment of mural deterioration in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, China
Authors: Liu Hongli , Zhang Qiang , Tian Wenshou , Zhang Zhengmo , Guo Qinglin , Gao Wenqiang
Published: December 2022

The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are famous for the exquisite murals and statues. The changes in temperature and humidity caused by rainfall easily trigger the salt diseases of murals. In order to prevent the further deterioration of murals, the influence of rainfall on the thermal and moisture environment of caves was analyzed through the environmental monitoring test. The results show that the temperature of the caves is basically unchanged, and the humidity changes in three stages of rising, maintaining and falling. The relative humidity and duration of high humidity show as of semi-closed cave > closed cave, small cave > large cave. The optimal time node of environment control of cave is aatm=acave, and the control condition is RH < 62%. The caves with small volume and large degree of connectivity to atmospheric environment are vulnerable objects. The disaster-deducing factor of mural deterioration is the accumulated rainfall in the next week, and the rainfall intensity is a reasonable parameter in risk monitoring and warning. The results have great significance for the risk prevention of mural deterioration and environment control of caves in Mogao grottoes.
Comparison of the Therapeutic Effect of Different Anticoagulation Regimens after Total Hip Arthroplasty based on ERAS
Authors: Cao Dede , Saad Muhammad , Pan Guojie , Jia Mingrui , Feng Pengfei , Ma Anning , Wang Yimeng , Zhang Liang
Published: December 2022

Objective
To compare the efficacy of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), fondaparinux sodium (FPX), and rivaroxaban after total hip arthroplasty (THA) under Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS).
Method
The clinical data of patients who underwent primary THA due to hip joint disease in Ningxia Medical University General Hospital from October 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. According to different anticoagulant methods, patients were divided into LMWH group (42 cases), FPX group (24 cases), and Rivaroxaban group (39 cases). Detect and record changes of blood coagulation-related factors, D-dimer, platelet (PLT) changes, blood routine, blood loss, lower limb vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, and allogeneic blood transfusion in the three groups perioperatively.
Result
There was no statistical significance in the comparison of coagulation indexes before the operation among the three groups (P > 0.05), but there was statistical significance in the comparison of PT and INR levels at 3 days after the operation (P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the Hb before operation and the Hct 3 days after operation in the three groups (P < 0.05). The postoperative drainage volume and overt blood loss of the three groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, hidden blood loss, and total blood loss (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS score, blood transfusion rate, and DVT incidence rate among the three groups before and 3 days after surgery (P > 0.05), and the treatment cost ratio of patients in LMWH group was lower than that of FPX group and Rivaroxaban group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Based on the ERAS concept, the use of LMWH, FPX, and Rivaroxaban after THA can effectively and safely prevent the occurrence of VTE and has no significant difference in postoperative pain, perioperative blood loss, and coagulation function. However, Rivaroxaban can be taken orally directly and has more advantages in pharmacological effects, while LMWH is cheaper and more economical.
Integration of scRNA-seq and Bulk-seq to Analyse the Infiltration of Monocytes in Pancreatic Cancer and Establish a Molecular Risk Model
Authors: Yao Wenchao , Liu Xuxu , Liu Tianming , Zheng Yi , Meng Ziang , Hao Yifei , Han Jinzuo , Wang Qiang , Lv Zhenyi , Xue Dongbo , Li Zhituo , Zhang Yingmei
Published: December 2022

Background
Many researches have confirmed that immunotherapy of tumor immune microenvironment is necessary. In pancreatic cancer, monocytes play an important role in poor prognosis, but the mechanism and prognosis prediction methods are unclear.
Methods
CIBERSORT was used to identify cellular immune score and evaluate the effect of each immune cell on prognosis. The gene modules related to monocytes were obtained by weighted correlation network analysis through WGCNA package. Consensus clustering was used to sort prognostic genes. The regression signature was generated by LASSO Cox analysis and verified by Cox analysis. The ssGSEA and TIDE algorithms were used to predict immune status and sensitivity to ICB. Finally, the expression levels of each gene were verified at tissue level and single-cell level.
Results
High infiltration of monocytes suggests poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer. 262 genes were significantly differentially expressed and prognostic after WGCNA analysis and cluster typing. The related 6 genes prognostic signature established by LASSO Cox analysis was verified to be an independent prognostic factor. The high-risk group had high infiltration of monocytes in the immune microenvironment and was more sensitive to ICBs. At the tissue level, all genes were highly expressed in cancer tissues. At the single-cell level, MET and MYEOV were significantly higher in malignant cells and lower in monocytes.
Conclusions
High infiltration of monocytes affects poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer, suggesting that the immune microenvironment has a certain research prospect for treatment of pancreatic cancer. The monocyte-related genes signature can accurately assess the prognostic risk of pancreatic cancer.
Exploring scenarios and challenges for AI in nursing care – results of an explorative sequential mixed methods study
Authors: Seibert Kathrin , Domhoff Dominik , Fürstenau Daniel , Biessmann Felix , Schulte-Althoff Matthias , Wolf-Ostermann Karin
Published: December 2022

Background and aim: While artificial intelligence (AI) is being adapted for various life domains and applications related to medicine and healthcare, the use of AI in nursing practice is still scarce. The German Ministry for Education and Research funded a study in order to explore needs, application scenarios, requirements, facilitators and barriers for research and development projects in the context of AI in nursing care. A mixed methods study including a stakeholder and expert workshop (N=21), expert interviews (N=14), an online survey (N=53) and a Datathon (N=80) was conducted with an emphasis on qualitative data.
Results: Needs and application scenarios encompassed the micro- and meso-level of care and derived from typical phenomena inherent to nursing care as well as from skill- and staff mix and consequences arising from staff shortages, from the extend of informal care and an associated need for information and education of informal caregivers and nursing assistants. Requirements for and characteristics of successful research and development projects included regulatory, processual, technological, ethical and legal aspects and supportive eco-systems.
Conclusion: A key element in the design of research projects remains participatory and demand-driven development that aims to bring AI solutions out of the lab and into practice. However, influencing factors remain that are outside the sphere of influence of individual projects, in particular the creation of resilient legal foundations for data use and the use of AI in practice, standardization of data structures and the establishment of infrastructures for data exchange across institutions and projects.