bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating an Order of Indigeneity
Authors: Pandit Mimasha
Published: June 2015

During the swadeshi agitation in Bengal the books presented in the performative space of Bengal became a source of instructing the public and for putting their mind and their imagination in order. The intellectual world of the Bengalis was in an uproar during this period due to the presence of a well-developed public sphere in Bengal. To legitimise these ideas as the social, moral and cultural authority of the popular bonding (the non-intellectuals of Gramscian analysis) attempts were made to create a homogeneous body of literature for the people. In this connection, the texts of popular performances like that of theatre, jatra and songs gained heightened importance. Texts of these popular media did not remain the mere framework of performance; they assumed the role of collecting and putting together of the stories and experiences of the people, establishing a degree of uniformity in it. In this article, I will look closely at the texts of the popular performative media of the age like theatre, jatra and song to gauge the process in which such media ordered the imagination of the people of Bengal in a homogeneous and seamless network of memory, laying the first step towards imagining a national community.
Preparation and properties of oriented sorghum-thermoplastic composites using flat hot-pressing technology
Authors: Qi Chusheng , Yadama Vikram , Guo Kangquan , Wolcott Michael P
Published: June 2015

In order to increase the value of sorghum for bioethanol products, a new method of fabricating oriented sorghum fiber and high-density polyethylene composites (OFPC) using flat hot-pressing technology is presented in this study. The effect of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) loading (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 wt %) on the physical and mechanical properties of OFPC was analyzed. In addition, the mat compression properties, vertical density profile, and microscopic structure of the resulting OFPC were examined. Improvement in mechanical and physical properties of OFPC was observed when 10% HDPE was included with sorghum fiber in the composites. HDPE loading greater than 10% did not further enhance the mechanical properties of OFPC, but improved their water resistance ability. Lower consolidation pressure was required to condense the composite mats with higher HDPE loadings during the hot pressing process. The density distribution of OFPC was greatly improved by the addition of HDPE, but larger density fluctuation was observed at higher HDPE loading.
Numerical analysis of the effect of fiber orientation on hydrostatic buckling behavior of fiber metal composite cylinder
Authors: Sumana BG , Vidya Sagar HN , Sharma KV , Krishna M
Published: June 2015

The external hydrostatic buckling behavior of fiber metal laminate (FML) composite cylinders was investigated numerically. The critical buckling pressure predicted by eigenvalue analysis was compared with experimental results. The numerical results showed different modes of buckling and buckling deformation for cylinders of different fiber orientation when subjected to external hydrostatic loading. FML cylinder with 0°/90° fiber orientation exhibited higher buckling strength and lower buckling deformation as compared to FML cylinders of 60°/30°, ±45°, and ±55° fiber orientations. The orientation of fiber has significant influence on the performance of FML composite cylinder as compared to fiber-reinforced plastic thickness. The correlation between numerical and experimental results is discussed in terms of buckling strength, circumferential stiffness, and buckling deformations. It was observed that the cylinders were less sensitive to initial imperfections irrespective of fiber-reinforced plastic thickness. In addition, the results of finite element analysis and experimental results indicate good matches.
Elderly Migration in China: Types, Patterns, and Determinants
Authors: Dou Xiaolu , Liu Yujun
Published: June 2015

We examined the migration patterns of older adults in China and the determinants associated with migration. Using select data from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we conducted a spatial analysis to explore the geographical patterns of different types of older migrants. The relationships between personal, environmental attributes, and migration were examined using logistic-linear modeling techniques. Approximately 6.6% of the Chinese adults aged 60 and older migrated in the past 10 years. Elderly migration occurred primarily in metropolitan areas and frontier provinces in China. Personal attributes, family structure, and housing conditions were associated with migration. The spatial patterns were associated with personal culture background, social policy, and regional development. The implications of elderly migration, with respect to establishing proper social policy and paying attention to the living environment of both migrant and non-migrant elders were discussed.
Quality Dementia Care
Authors: Noel Margaret A. , Kaluzynski Thomas S. , Templeton Virginia H.
Published: June 2015

Absent a cure or effective disease modifying treatment for dementia, developing cost-effective models of care that address the needs of caregivers alongside the medical management of the disease is necessary to maximize quality of care, address safety issues, and enhance the patient/caregiver experience. MemoryCare, a community-based non-profit organization, has 15 years of experience delivering a medical and care management model for persons with Alzheimer’s disease and other types of dementia. Designed to supplement primary care services, the average annual cost-per-patient is US$1,279. Observational data on 967 patients and 3,251 caregivers served by the program in 2013 reveal high levels of satisfaction, increased dementia-specific knowledge, improved perceived ability to manage challenging behavioral aspects of dementia, and lengthened perceived time in the home setting. Data suggest lower hospitalization rates and related cost savings. These findings warrant a further study of broader integration of caregivers into clinical care models for persons with dementia.
Program Components and Outcomes of Individuals With Dementia: Results From the Replication of an Evidence-Based Program
Authors: Menne Heather L. , Bass David M. , Johnson Justin D. , Kearney Keith R. , Bollin Salli , Teri Linda
Published: June 2015

This study examines whether the delivery of three components, (a) exercise training, (b) behavior management skill building, and (c) dementia-related education, in an evidence-based program are differentially associated with changes in outcomes for individuals with dementia (IWDs) after 3 months. Data come from 508 IWDs participating in the community replication of the evidence-based “Reducing Disability in Alzheimer’s Disease” program. Regression results indicate that after 3 months, more exercise sessions are associated with improvements in physical functioning, mobility, minutes exercising, and symptoms of depression; more dementia education sessions are related to fewer restricted activity days; and more behavior management sessions are related to more symptoms of depression. As resource-strapped agencies look to best serve participants, further analysis and consideration is needed to determine the ideal balance of program efficacy, feasibility, and resources, as well as program benefits for IWDs and caregivers.
Positive Psychology and Familial Factors as Predictors of Latina/o Students’ Psychological Grit
Authors: Vela Javier C. , Lu Ming-Tsan P. , Lenz A. Stephen , Hinojosa Karina
Published: June 2015

Positive psychology is a useful framework to understand Latina/o students’ experiences. In the current study, we examined how presence of meaning in life, search for meaning in life, hope, and family importance influenced 128 Latina/o college students’ psychological grit. We used the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), Subjective Happiness Scale, Hope Scale, Pan-Hispanic Familism Scale, and Short Grit Scale to measure the aforementioned factors. Using multiple regression analysis, findings indicated that hope and search for meaning in life were significant predictors of psychological grit. Higher levels of hope positively predicted psychological grit, while higher levels of search for meaning in life negatively predicted psychological grit. We provide a discussion regarding the importance of these findings as well as recommendations for future research.
Predictors of Resilience and Thriving Among Latina/o Undergraduate Students
Authors: Morgan Consoli Melissa L. , Delucio Kevin , Noriega Erika , Llamas Jasmín
Published: June 2015

Previous studies of Latina/o well-being indicate that supportive family members, religion or spirituality, and cultural values (e.g., familismo) aid in coping with adversities. The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of several factors (spirituality, hope, social support, and cultural values) in predicting resilience and thriving in Latina/o undergraduates ( N = 121). Two hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the unique contributions of the predictors to resilience and thriving. Results demonstrated differences between resilience and thriving as evidenced by the fact that they have different predictor variables. For example, hope was a predictor variable for both constructs, but spirituality was a significant predictor only for thriving. Implications for research and practice and future directions are discussed.
“I Am a Peacemaker”
Authors: Tusting Karin
Published: June 2015

This article reports on research addressing the role of writing as a space for producing representations of children’s identity as Catholics in a First Communion preparation course. It draws on data from ethnographic participant observation over one year in a Catholic parish in England, focusing on writing in the preparation sessions, taking a social practice approach to identity and literacy. The article argues that in this course, written texts are drawn on to provide spaces within which children produce written representations of aspects of their lives that reify their identities as Catholics. Analysis of the data set demonstrates four ways in which particular kinds of identities were constructed through writing processes. Writing provided space for reframing aspects of children’s unique histories and identities within a faith-based perspective; representing children as active agents in the world; producing reifications of internal emotional states in linguistic form; and making relational connections between the children and their church, home, and friendship communities. The article argues that the production of these reframings of children’s identities requires multiple kinds of recontextualizations, and that writing provides a key means by which these are brought together.
Growth on Oral Reading Fluency Measures as a Function of Special Education and Measurement Sufficiency
Authors: Tindal Gerald , Nese Joseph F. T. , Stevens Joseph J. , Alonzo Julie
Published: June 2015

For 30 years, researchers have investigated oral reading fluency as a measure of growth in reading proficiency. Yet, little research has been done with these measures in the context of progress monitoring in Tier 2 systems. First, we document teachers’ progress-monitoring decisions on type of passage (on-grade or off-grade) and how often to administer them. Then, we use a two-level hierarchical linear model to document the effects on both intercept and slope as a function of student special education status and measurement sufficiency. Across Grades 3 to 5, teachers diagnostically document student performance with different grade-level measures and also target a group of Tier 2 students to monitor early and systematically throughout the year. This latter group starts out much lower but has a significantly different slope than those for whom progress monitoring is more diagnostic and infrequent.
A Doubletime Nuclear Localization Signal Mediates an Interaction with Bride of Doubletime to Promote Circadian Function
Authors: Venkatesan Anandakrishnan , Fan Jin-Yuan , Nauman Christopher , Price Jeffrey L.
Published: June 2015

Doubletime (DBT) has an essential circadian role in Drosophila melanogaster because it phosphorylates Period (PER). To determine if DBT antagonism can produce distinct effects in the cytosol and nucleus, forms of a dominant negative DBTK/R with these 2 alternative localizations were produced. DBT has a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS), and mutation of this signal confers cytosolic localization of DBT in the lateral neurons of Drosophila clock cells in the brain. By contrast, addition of a strong NLS domain (e.g., SV40 NLS) to DBT’s C terminus leads to more nuclear localization. Expression of DBTK/R with the mutated NLS (DBTK/R NLS−) using a timGAL4 driver does not alter the circadian period of locomotor activity, and the daily oscillations of PER detected by immunoblot and immunofluorescence persist, like those of wild-type flies. By contrast, expression of DBTK/R with the strong NLS (DBTK/R stNLS) using the timGAL4 driver lengthens period more strongly than DBTK/R, with damped oscillations of PER phosphorylation and localization. Both DBTK/R and DBTWT without the NLS fail to interact with Bride of Doubletime (BDBT) protein, which is related to FK506-binding proteins and shown to interact with DBT to enhance its circadian function. This result suggests that the DBTK/R NLS− has lost its dominant negative property because it does not form normal clock protein complexes. DBTWT proteins with the same changes (NLS− and stNLS) also produce equivalent changes in localization that do not produce opposite period phenotypes. Additionally, a DBTK/R protein with both the stNLS and NLS− mutation does not affect circadian period, although it is nuclear, demonstrating that the lack of a dominant negative for the DBTK/R NLS− is not due to failure to localize to nuclei. Finally, bdbt RNAi increases the cytosolic localization of DBTK/R but not of DBTWT, suggesting a role for BDBT in DBT kinase-dependent nuclear localization of DBT.
Allowing for Social Desirability in Reception Studies
Authors: Marquis Nicolas
Published: June 2015

When conducting research on reception of cultural products, sociologists often have to rely on receivers’ accounts. This brings a particularly salient problem in these studies, namely, social desirability or the tendency of individuals to present themselves to the researcher in a favourable manner regarding social norms and mores. Mobilizing the particular case of a research on self-help books readers involving fifty-five qualitative interviews, this article investigates (a) how social desirability is manifested in these qualitative interviews, (b) what may be its heuristic relevance for research; and (c) the risks that it carries for the data’s validity. The article shows how people’s tendency to present themselves in a favourable light is very instructive as to the norms that individuals project, but it also pays attention to the ways social desirability threatens the material’s status and proposes some ways of coping with it.
What Is a Case, and What Is a Case Study?
Authors: Dumez Hervé
Published: June 2015

Case study is a common methodology in the social sciences (management, psychology, science of education, political science, sociology). A lot of methodological papers have been dedicated to case study but, paradoxically, the question “what is a case?” has been less studied. Hence the fact that researchers conducting a case study are sometimes surprised by what they are experiencing. The paper deals with the problem: Why is a real case study more puzzling than expected, having read the literature on case study? We assume that the answer lies in a paradox: despite what is suggested by the double singular “case study”, a case study requires a comparative approach. This paper addresses the three fundamental issues one must tackle when doing a case study: What is my case a case of? What is the stuff that my case is made of? What can my case do? (or what do cases do?)
Inherited Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Boyer Suzanne W. , Barclay Lisa J. , Burrage Lindsay C.
Published: June 2015

The introduction of newborn screening and the development of new therapies have led to an expanding population of patients with inherited metabolic disorders, and these patients are now entering adulthood. Dietary therapy is the mainstay of treatment for many of these disorders, and thus, trained metabolic dietitians are critical members of the multidisciplinary team required for management of such patients. The main goals of dietary therapy in inborn errors of metabolism are the maintenance of normal growth and development while limiting offending metabolites and providing deficient products. Typically, the offending metabolite is either significantly reduced or removed completely from the diet and then reintroduced in small quantities until blood levels are within the normal range. Such treatment is required in infancy, childhood, and adulthood and requires careful monitoring of micronutrient and macronutrient intake throughout the life span. The goal of this review is to highlight the basic principles of chronic nutrition management of the inborn errors of protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism.
Do Clusters Encourage Innovation? A Meta-analysis
Authors: Fang Li
Published: June 2015

This article carries out a meta-analysis on empirical studies addressing cluster–innovation relationships since the 1980s. The results show that (1) clusters have positive effects on innovation; (2) different studies demonstrate heterogeneity in the estimated effect sizes; (3) several moderators are shaping the cluster–innovation relationship, for example, in what industries the cluster specializes, in which geographical region the cluster is located, and so on. This article reveals the cluster–innovation relationships are state-contingent and provides guidance on evaluating whether a cluster strategy can encourage innovation in a specific region. For example, the regression result indicates initiating a manufacturing cluster in a US region is expected to bring about fifteen more patents every year.
Attitude to Non-Violence Scale: Validity and Practical Use
Authors: Craven Rhonda G. , Seaton Marjorie , Yeung Alexander S.
Published: June 2015

This study used recent advances in attitude and self-perception research to develop an Attitude to Non-Violence Scale (ANVS). Participants were students from six high schools in Australia ( N = 727). Confirmatory factor analysis using within-construct and between-construct validation approaches found two positive attitude sub-scales: Cognitive (proactive understanding) and Affective (do not endorse violence), both showing convergent and discriminant validity. Scale equivalence tests found that the sub-scales were applicable to boys and girls and to junior and senior grades. Structural equation modeling found that boys had less supportive attitudes to non-violence cognitively, whereas female students in senior secondary classes had less positive attitudes to non-violence affectively. The ANVS can be easily administered to assess youth’s non-violence attitudes, which may direct interventions focusing on boys’ cognitive aspects while maintaining girls’ positive affective attitudes toward non-violence as they mature. The positively framed instrument is suitable for education settings especially in high-risk locations where violence is prevalent.
Group Ties Protect Cognitive Health by Promoting Social Identification and Social Support
Authors: Haslam Catherine , Cruwys Tegan , Milne Matilda , Kan Chi-Hsin , Haslam S. Alexander
Published: June 2015

Objective: Social relationships are protective of cognitive health as we age and recent findings show that social group ties (e.g., with community and peer groups) are especially important. The present research examines this relationship further to explore (a) the contribution of group, relative to interpersonal, ties and (b) underlying mechanism. Method: Two cross-sectional survey studies were conducted. Study 1 was conducted online ( N = 200) and Study 2 involved face-to-face interviews ( N = 42). Results: The findings confirmed group ties as a stronger predictor of cognitive health than individual ties. It also supported our proposed sequential mediation model suggesting that the benefits of group ties arise from their capacity to enhance a sense of shared social identification and this, in turn, provides the basis for effective social support. Discussion: Both studies provided evidence consistent with claims that group ties were especially beneficial because they cultivated social identification that provided the foundation for social support.
Differences Across Age Groups in Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming People’s Experiences of Health Care Discrimination, Harassment, and Victimization
Authors: Kattari Shanna K. , Hasche Leslie
Published: June 2015

Objective: Given the increasing diversity among older adults and changes in health policy, knowledge is needed on potential barriers to health care for transgender and gender non-conforming (GNC) individuals. Method: Using the 2010 National Transgender Discrimination Survey (NTDS), logistic regression models test differences between age groups (below 35, 35-49, 50-64, and 65 and above) in lifetime experience of anti-transgender discrimination, harassment, and victimization within health care settings while considering the influences of insurance status, level of passing, time of transition, and other socio-demographic factors. Results: Although more than one fifth of transgender and GNC individuals of all ages reported health discrimination, harassment, or victimization, significant age differences were found. Insurance status and level of passing were also influential. Discussion: Medicare policy changes and this study’s findings prompt further consideration for revising other health insurance policies. In addition, expanded cultural competency trainings that are specific to transgender and GNC individuals are crucial.
The expectations and aspirations of a late-career professional woman
Authors: Atkinson Carol , Ford Jackie , Harding Nancy , Jones Flora
Published: June 2015

This article presents a powerful account of one late-career woman’s lived experiences. Little is known about women who continue professional careers into their 50s and beyond. Here insights are offered into her aspirations and expectations, as she reflects upon a career fragmented by gendered caring responsibilities and the implications of ageism and sexism together with health and body for her late-career phase. The narrative enhances understanding of the intersection of age and gender in a context where masculine career norms dominate. It also offers a reflection upon the implications of these themes for late-career women and their employing organizations more generally.
Modelling of the exhaust gas recirculation rate based on the in-cylinder pressure measurement for a passenger car diesel engine
Authors: Ryu Jihyun , Chung Jaesung , Sunwoo Myoungho
Published: June 2015

This paper proposes a modelling of the exhaust gas recirculation rate using the in-cylinder pressure sensor for a passenger car diesel engine. Traditional modelling approaches for the exhaust gas recirculation rate normally use variables which are measured for a long intake–exhaust air path so that a time delay is inevitable. In addition, the model structure is complex, since many non-linear or unmeasurable variables such as the volumetric efficiency and the efficiency of the exhaust gas recirculation cooler have to be considered in the model. The proposed exhaust gas recirculation rate model is based on the in-cylinder pressure measurement which provides instantaneous information about combustion. Therefore, when this information is used, it is able to model the exhaust gas recirculation rate with a fast response compared with traditional modelling approaches. Furthermore, the proposed model can have a simple model structure since the model does not require consideration of the non-linear or unmeasurable parameters of the air path. The proposed exhaust gas recirculation rate model was integrated into an engine control unit and validated through engine experiments on various operating conditions.
The dynamic similitude design of a thin-walled cylindrical shell by considering the strength requirement
Authors: Zhu Yunpeng , Luo Zhong , Zhao Xueyan , Wang Deyou
Published: June 2015

In designing the test model of thin-walled cylindrical shells, geometrically distorted models are widely used. This study investigates a method of designing a distorted cylindrical shell model by considering the strength requirement, which means the test model should reflect the strength situation or even failures of the prototype. The significance of this study is that it provides an acceptable process which guides the design of test models. First, governing equations are employed to derive the scaling law of the natural frequency. The harmonic response is calculated in order to obtain the scaling law of the vibration response amplitude. As the study is based on governing equations of elastic cylindrical shells, only elastic behavior is discussed. Then considering the different materials’ ultimate stress, an excitation force ratio is defined. An applicable size interval is investigated and the range of the excitation force is obtained. Finally, an aluminium alloy cylindrical shell is used as a prototype and a NO. 45 steel scaled down cylindrical shell is used as a distorted test model. The accuracy of the prediction is verified by using simulation data.
Impact of hydroxychloroquine on preterm delivery and intrauterine growth restriction in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a descriptive cohort study
Authors: Leroux M , Desveaux C , Parcevaux M , Julliac B , Gouyon J-B , Dallay D , Pellegrin J-L , Boukerrou M , Blanco P , Lazaro E
Published: June 2015

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on fetal preterm delivery and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in a cohort of pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

Over an 11-year period (January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2011), all women with SLE and admitted to deliver after 22 weeks of gestation to Bordeaux University Hospital (France), were retrospectively enrolled in the present study. The population was then split into two groups based on the treatment they received: HCQ exposed (HCQ+) versus HCQ non-exposed (HCQ−) group.

Results

118 pregnancies were included, 41 in the HCQ+ group and 77 in the HCQ− group. The rate of adverse fetal outcome was significantly lower in the HCQ+ group ( p = 0.001), particularly in terms of preterm delivery, 15.8 % versus 44.2 % ( p = 0.006), and IUGR, 10.5 % versus 28.6 % ( p = 0.03). No adverse outcomes were reported in the HCQ+ group.

Conclusion

HCQ reduces neonatal morbidity in women with SLE by significantly decreasing the rate of prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction.
Norbert Elias and the philosophical controversy surrounding the nature of time
Authors: de Carvalho Eugênio Rezende
Published: June 2015

What is time? What is its nature? Is time something natural or cultural? Is it the property of knowing objects or the property of knowing subjects? How has time been conceived, defined, and characterized throughout history by philosophical and scientific thinking? What are the theoretical obstacles that have historically prevented a better understanding of time? Why does that concept still remain so mysterious and enigmatic these days? In the search for the answers to these and other questions, this article explores the concept of time of one of the greatest and most influential sociologists of the 20th century—the German Norbert Elias (1897–1990)—whose sociological theory has been of great value to the debate on the problems of contemporary society. In recent decades, his reflections on time that guided by a holistic and procedural perspective have caused a spreading impact, becoming compulsory reading for anyone wanting to study the topic. By questioning and critical analysis of the bases on which Elias’ concepts of time are founded, this article aims to instigate and contribute to a debate founded on the nature of time.
Development of a new adaptive shape morphing compliant structure with embedded actuators
Authors: Milojević Andrija P , Pavlović Nenad D
Published: June 2015

By embedding actuators within a compliant structure (compliant mechanism), it is possible to develop adaptive system, that is, a shape morphing structure that is capable of producing many different shapes of its output surface. Such structures are of interest for a number of applications. This article presents the new solution of adaptive shape morphing compliant structure with embedded actuators that is capable of changing its shape on demand to meet various performance requirements; the physical prototype of this structure is manufactured. Upgraded approach to the synthesis of compliant mechanisms with embedded actuators is also presented. The existing design methodology for simultaneous synthesis of compliant mechanism and actuator placement often produces compliant system with intersecting structural elements as well as actuators which is very difficult to manufacture. Thus, the design methodology is improved so that compliant systems are obtained without intersecting elements. The scalability of the shape morphing compliant structure is investigated as well. Two possible applications of the novel developed shape morphing structure are presented, for adaptive compliant gripper and shape morphing wing that resembles the profile of a bird wing.
Electric field–induced criticality and frequency responsive dynamics of charged rods
Authors: Kang Kyongok , Dhont Jan KG
Published: June 2015

We use the suspensions of charged fibrous virus (fd) as a model system for charged colloidal rods, where thick electric double layers are present. In particular, the system has shown the electric field–induced phase/state transitions under a low electric field strength. We briefly present the frequency responsive dynamics in the phase/state diagram and field-induced criticality in the dynamical states by approaching the field-induced critical point. In addition, the possible mechanism of low-frequency responsive dynamical states is briefly explained by the local charge redistribution of dissociation and association of condensed ions on the charged rods. The found phases/states are unique in the bulk phase diagram, away from the electrode polarization that is dominant near to the surface of the indium tin oxide glasses, in the sense that they are observed independent from the applied field amplitude and frequency.
Students With Disabilities
Authors: Darrow Alice-Ann , Segall Lorna
Published: June 2015

School and community wellness programs are particularly important as many children and adolescents do not learn or are not exposed to healthy behaviors at home. Music has the potential to enhance all areas of wellness programs for students with and without disabilities; however, students with disabilities often face barriers to wellness programs that are environmental, structural, or attitudinal. Disability need not preclude any student from acquiring healthy behaviors and habits. Wellness programs that include accessible program materials, adaptive equipment, and trained personnel have the potential to meet the health needs of many students with disabilities. Music educators and therapists can contribute to the development of healthy behaviors and habits by including activities in their curriculum that are directed to that goal. Using music as a motivator or reward for healthy behaviors, or as a vehicle to access physical exercise and health information, can promote the lifelong wellness of all students.
Dynamics of Democratic Satisfaction in Transitional Settings
Authors: Conroy-Krutz Jeffrey , Kerr Nicholas
Published: June 2015

How do campaigns and elections affect evaluations of democracy in transitional settings? Little research has been conducted on this topic in transitional settings, where citizens’ evaluations of regime performance might be especially fluid and where popular dissatisfaction with democratic institutions could inhibit political development. Furthermore, previous studies’ reliance on cross-sectional data has made it difficult to make valid causal inferences in this area. Drawing upon unique data from the 2010–2011 Uganda Campaign Panel Study, the first panel on campaign effects in Africa, we measure changes in individuals’ satisfaction with democracy. We find that individuals who supported a losing presidential candidate are more likely to show decreases in satisfaction over the course of the campaign than those who supported the winner. Importantly, we find that previous political participation does not necessarily result in increases in democratic satisfaction: rather, it is associated with decreased satisfaction for losers. Finally, there is no evidence that declines in satisfaction with democracy are associated with decreased support for democracy as a regime. This study furthers understanding of political development by identifying factors that affect how citizens evaluate their political regime.
Ergonomic rationalization of transmitted vibration to hands of the workers
Authors: Flimel Marián , Dupláková Darina
Published: June 2015

This article focuses on the solution of optimal workers’ load in transmitted vibration to hands. Ergonomic rationalization comes from the application of organizational methods and the possibilities of an innovative technical solution. Attention is paid to the method of job rotation declared in the system solution within organizational methods. The sequence of the application is introduced by algorithm within strategic company planning and by a sequence chain within the operative solution. Determination of the optimal exposition period through transmitted vibration from the tools and machines to the hands of the workers is possible according to a set representative table or graphic instruments. A realized example of manually controlled machine modification – a vibration board used in the building industry is described within an experiment. The admissible exposition value before and after modification is calculated by measuring the acceleration of the vibration of “a”. The possibility of five times longer expansion of the working time period during the work shift comes after vibro-isolation modifications of the mentioned machine. The meaning of rationalization steps consists of the participation of employees on its solution within the operation conditions.
The Influence of Organizational Life Cycle on Environmental Proactivity and Competitive Advantage
Authors: Primc Kaja , Čater Tomaž
Published: June 2015

In today’s dynamic environment, it is extremely important to study the circumstances in which environmental management contributes to a firm’s competitiveness. Relying on the dynamic capabilities view, this study empirically examines the relationships between environmental proactivity, organizational life cycle stages, competitive advantage, and industry on a sample of 155 Australian firms. The results of a regression analysis show that the construct of the organizational life cycle is significantly related to environmental proactivity. The results also confirm the well-established positive impact of environmental proactivity on competitive advantage. Surprisingly, we found environmental proactivity was positively related to competitive advantage not only in the innovative stages but also in the conservative ones. Our findings reveal the complex nature of environmental proactivity and help better understand the relationship between environmental proactivity and competitive advantage.
“We ARE our instrument!”: Forming a singer identity
Authors: O’Bryan Jessica
Published: June 2015

Preparation for the operatic stage means that for some students their voice will undergo significant transformation during training. For most operatic singers, voice type will determine future roles, the music they perform and potential career trajectory. Voice type becomes a facet of identity and position within the operatic world. This article presents a narrative thematic analysis of a young woman’s account of her teaching and learning experiences in preparation for a career on the operatic stage. Two semi-structured interviews were conducted, and beliefs and values about her singing and voice type were elicited. This article discusses how significant changes to her voice have affected her self-concept, singer identity and potential career in opera. Also discussed is the impact of conservatorium environment, peers and mentors on her feelings of self-belief.
Numerical and experimental investigation on adhesion characteristic of wheel/rail under the third body condition
Authors: Wang H , Wang WJ , Liu QY
Published: June 2015

A numerical model of wheel and rail lubricated by a third body was established using the partial elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication theory and multi-grid method. The effects of rolling speed, surface roughness, contact load, wheel diameter, and viscosity of third body on adhesion coefficient are explored. The results show that the rolling speed, surface roughness, and the viscosity of third body have a significant influence on adhesion coefficient when the wheel/rail interface is lubricated under oil and water conditions. Furthermore, to verify the precision of the numerical calculating results, some experiments were carried out by means of a JD-1 wheel/rail simulation facility. The results show that there is same changing trend and almost same adhesion coefficient between the curves of numerical and experimental results. The relative difference between the numerical and experimental results is less than 10%. This numerical method can be used to explore the adhesion coefficient of wheel/rail under the third body condition.
Making data mining a natural part of life: Physical retailing, customer surveillance and the 21st century social imaginary
Authors: Turow Joseph , McGuigan Lee , Maris Elena R
Published: June 2015

This article examines corporate struggles to reorganize retail environments around the data capturing and processing affordances of digital media. We argue that ongoing transformations in digital retailing reflect and extend the rise of social discrimination around what might be called ‘the quantified individual’. By quantified individual, we mean the hyperfocus on the qualities of the individual person rather than on even the communities or segments relating to people. Drawing on the writings of Charles Taylor, Antonio Gramsci, and Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, we use the ongoing corporate refashioning of the general meaning of ‘loyalty’ via the discourses and technologies of retailing as an important example of how a new social imaginary takes form and instantiates social discrimination as normal. For consumers, mobile apps and social-media profiles become venues for performing loyalty and accumulating rewards. For retailers and marketers, digitalized storefronts become like factories for generating data about where individuals go, what they buy and how firms define them. The process is transforming the architecture of physical and digital retailing, and the relationship between the two, in ways that make the selling environment increasingly dynamic and mutable for the individual prospect. We argue that shorn from their 20th century role in the democratization of pricing, stores will become centers of discrimination-related stress as dueling shopper and retailer technologies reach sometimes diverging conclusions about how to encourage loyalty, whom to reward for loyalty, and how.
E-books in the global information economy
Authors: Davis Mark
Published: June 2015

Little attention has been paid to the role of the e-book in the networked global information economy. This gap in the scholarship is all the more relevant because the world’s largest purveyor of e-books, Amazon, is one of a group of large digital media corporations such as Google and Apple, currently vying for dominance of a global information economy defined by access to user data and driven by surveillance of consumer preferences, and has itself been at the forefront of developing such technologies. This article investigates the role of e-books in a global information economy where the commodification of data, and of users’ social lives and labour, plays a central role in a neoliberal digital capitalism that brings together the philosophies of libertarian free-market economics, populist participatory discourse, new systems of data-mining and digital surveillance and new regimes of private ownership and commodification of the social.
Peace vision and its socio-emotional antecedents: The role of forgiveness, trust, and inclusive victim perceptions
Authors: Noor Masi , Shnabel Nurit , Halabi Samer , Doosje Bertjan
Published: June 2015

The present study conceptualized peace vision as the view of peace as desirable, feasible, and requiring substantial concessions by both parties and examined the social-emotional factors contributing to its endorsement among Israeli Jews ( N = 400). In line with our theorizing, we found that trust in Palestinians and inclusive victim perceptions (the view that both conflicting groups have suffered due to the conflict) were significantly and positively associated with peace vision endorsement both directly and indirectly, through facilitating forgiveness. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results in terms of the sustainability of peaceful coexistence between conflicting groups.
When group members forgive: Antecedents and consequences
Authors: Noor Masi , Branscombe Nyla R. , Hewstone Miles
Published: June 2015

Whether forgiveness is essential for intergroup reconciliation may be disputable, but its potential ability to repair human relationships following offenses committed based on group membership remains of considerable importance. The primary focus of this Special Issue is on the social-contextual factors that encourage forgiveness of past wrongs and the extent to which forgiveness results in meaningful improvement in intergroup relations. The concept of intergroup forgiveness has only appeared on the research agenda of social psychologists over the last decade, so there is still much room for conceptual clarification, empirical validation, and applications to understanding intergroup reconciliation. Significant progress has been made by investigating predictors and correlates of intergroup forgiveness, and the research presented in this Special Issue further illuminates the processes involved in intergroup forgiveness, as well as important consequences. This collection of empirical articles, based on diverse theoretical perspectives and empirical approaches to studying the phenomenon of intergroup forgiveness inside and outside of the laboratory, advance our understanding of when and how improvement emerges across a wide range of real and enduring conflicts.
A prospective population-based study of health complaints in adolescence and use of social welfare benefits in young adulthood
Authors: Homlong Lisbeth , Rosvold Elin O. , Bruusgaard Dag , Lien Lars , Sagatun Åse , Haavet Ole R.
Published: June 2015

Background: There is a lack of knowledge on how health problems in adolescence are connected to work marginalization in adulthood. The aim of this study was to study work marginalization in young adulthood, measured by use of long-term social welfare benefits, and its associations with self-reported health complaints, total symptom burden and self-rated general health at ages 15–16. Methods: We linked data from a youth health survey conducted during 1999–2004 to data from Norwegian registries that followed each participant through February 2010. Cox regression analysis was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for the use of long-term social welfare benefits in young adulthood, based on health measures in 15–16 year-olds. Results: During the follow-up, 17% of the study population received some sort of long-term social welfare benefit. In the baseline survey, 95% of the adolescents reported one or more health complaints. The mean number of health complaints was 4.8. Girls reported a significantly higher mean number of complaints (5.7) than did boys (3.8) ( p < 0.001). Several individual health complaints were associated with an increased use of long-term social welfare benefits. We found an increasing relative hazard of social welfare usage, depending on the number of complaints reported at baseline. Ill self-perceived general health was found to be strongly associated with the use of benefits during the follow-up: In girls, we found HRs of 1.41 (CI 1.21–1.65), 2.76 (2.29–3.31) and 2.77 (1.51–5.07) for those with good, not so good and bad health, respectively; compared to very good health. The corresponding numbers in boys were 1.41 (1.25–1.59), 1.93 (1.60–2.32) and 1.31 (0.72–2.38), respectively. Conclusions: Several health measures in adolescents were found to be associated with future work marginalization in young adulthood. The associations remained significant, even after correcting for such strong predictors as the parents’ education and family economy. Total symptom burden and self-perceived general health can add additional knowledge onto how adolescent health is related to work marginalization, in a longitudinal perspective.
Learning to see otherwise
Authors: Decoteau Claire Laurier
Published: June 2015

This article reports on data from two research projects with people whose own illness narratives and etiologies challenge the western biomedical ontology of the body. This paper argues that Reed’s ‘landscapes of meaning’ allow researchers to make sense of the invisible, causal mechanisms operating in these particular epistemic communities. If ontology is an issue of perspective, then part of the ethnographer’s task is to ‘learn to see otherwise’ by situating themselves in people’s systems of signification and thereby grasping and analyzing the causal forces at work. And yet exploring data from these cases also allows for intervention into Reed’s account of causality which lends causal primacy to symbolic systems over structural and agential ones.
Political legitimacy in international border governance institutions
Authors: Macdonald Terry
Published: June 2015

In this article, I address the question: what kind of normative principles should regulate the governance processes through which migration across international borders is managed? I begin by contrasting two distinct categories of normative controversy relating to this question. The first is a familiar set of moral controversies about justice within border governance, concerning what I call the ethics of exclusion. The second is a more theoretically neglected set of normative controversies about how institutional capacity for well functioning border governance can best be achieved, concerning what I call the constitution of control of international borders. I argue that progress can be made in resolving controversies of the latter kind by applying a new normative theory of political legitimacy, distinct from the moral theories of justice routinely applied to ethics of exclusion controversies. On the ‘collective agency’ model of political legitimacy that I propose here, principles of political legitimacy have the regulatory role of combating complex collective action problems that may otherwise impede an institution’s collectively valuable functions. Through applying this theory, I sketch some provisional prescriptions for the design of international border governance institutions that may follow from the demand for strengthening their political legitimacy.