bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IL-4 and IL-13 Guide Early Thymic Progenitors To Mature toward Dendritic Cells
Authors: Barik Subhasis , Cattin-Roy Alexis N. , Miller Mindy M. , Ukah Tobechukwu K. , Zaghouani Habib
Published: October 2018

Recently we reported that IL-4 and IL-13 signaling in murine early thymic progenitors (ETPs) expressing the heteroreceptor (HR) comprising IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) and IL-13 receptor α 1 (IL-13Rα1) activate STAT6 and inhibit ETP maturation potential toward T cells. In this study, we asked whether IL-4 and IL-13 signaling through the HR mobilizes other STAT molecules to shape ETP fate decision. The findings indicate that HR+ ETPs undergoing cytokine signaling display increased STAT1, but not STAT3, phosphorylation in addition to STAT6 activation. In parallel, the ETPs had a STAT1-dependent heightened expression of IRF-8, a transcription factor essential for development of CD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs). Interestingly, STAT1 phosphorylation and IRF-8 upregulation, which are independent of STAT6 activation, guided ETP maturation toward myeloid cells with a CD8α+ DC phenotype. Furthermore, these CD8α+ DCs display a thymic resident phenotype, as they did not express SIRPα, a molecule presumed to be involved in cell migration. These findings suggest that IL-4 and IL-13 cytokine-induced HR signaling provides a double-edged sword that simultaneously blocks T cell lineage potential but advances myeloid maturation that could impact T cell selection and central tolerance.
Authorship disputes: Do they result from inadvertent errors of judgment or intentional unethical misconduct?
Authors: Beshyah Salem , Abdelmanna Dima , Elzouki Abdel-Naser , Elkhammas Elmahdi
Published: October 2018

The frequency of conflicts about the authorship of publications has increased along with the increase in the number of people involved in scientific work and its complexity. Some of the factors that strongly influence the generation of conflicts and disputes in authorship definition are the pressure of competition in academia, economic incentives from the pharmaceutical industry in the field of biomedicine, and authors own wishes and expectations of recognition. It is necessary to have clear policies and apply more transparency to these activities. There are clear recommendations from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors on authorships for medical articles. However, authorship disputes are still seen too often with a wide spectrum of reasons. These may reflect ignorance and errors of judgment on one end to intentional misconduct? In this article, we (1) revisit the international guidelines, (2) present and discuss illustrative examples of authorship disputes, and (3) explore possible solutions for authors and editors to avoid and resolve this problem. Solutions stem from the ethical imperative in clinical research, clear rules of engagement among research/authorship teams, and effective governance within research institutions.
Treatment of locally advanced carcinoma cervix with special emphasis on brachytherapy: A practice pattern survey among young radiation oncologist of India
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Anis , Basu Poulami , Roy Kaushik , Das Suman , Banerjee Susovan
Published: October 2018

Background: Carcinoma cervix is one of the two most common cancers of Indian women with very high morbidity and mortality burden. Although India probably is the leading country in numbers patients of cervix treated radically with combination of teletherapy and brachytherapy (BT), there is presumed diversity of practice across the country due to the inequality of available infrastructure, absence of uniform the training of the radiation oncologists, and absence of any national guidelines. The present survey was conducted to determine current practice patterns in management of locally advanced carcinoma cervix with regard to gynecologic high-dose-rate among the radiation oncologist across the country. Methodology: A 25-item survey was undertaken to study the standard management pattern of Stage IIB–IIIB cervical cancer with special emphasis on the BT practice patterns among various young radiation oncologist working across the country. The survey was undertaken in person in the form of interview questionnaire among the younger members of association of radiation oncologist of India during two national conferences, along with telephonic interview of other members as obtained from the national directory. Results: About 57 young radiation oncologists from 57 centers across the country were surveyed. 25 of them represented private nonacademic centers, 24 represented government academic centers, the rest were from private academic, nongovernmental organization (NGO) run and other centers. The most common teletherapy dose prescribed was 46 Gy/23# for Stage II, and50 Gy/25 # for Stage III disease. HDR after loader with 192Ir is the most common machine (82.6%) in use and computed tomography scan is the most commonly (30/57) used imaging for planning. The most common intracavitary dose pattern for all stages was 7 Gy × 3 fractions (30/57s) and 9 Gy × 2 (12/57) fractions. Although in most centers, computed tomography-based delineation of organs at risk is done routinely; however, target volume delineation and dose prescription/optimization for the same is routinely done in handful of centers (5/57). The mean planned dose to Point A for combined external-beam radiation and BT (EQD210) wasabout 77.5 Gy for Stage IIIB and 72.6 Gy for Stage II disease. Conclusion: Although fractionation patterns may vary, the overall mean dose administered for cervical cancer is similar across the country, which is slightly lower than the recommended doses as per stage by various international guidelines.
Community-based study on the knowledge, awareness, and practices of females towards breast cancer in Buraimi, Oman
Authors: Chattu Vijay Kumar , Kumary Soosanna , Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
Published: October 2018

Background: In Oman, a higher proportion of patients presented with breast cancer are relatively young age and with an advanced stage. This could be due to lack of awareness and knowledge about breast cancer among young women. Aim: To assess the breast cancer knowledge, awareness and factors associated with the practice of breast self-examination (BSE) among females in Buraimi, Oman. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among females attending the two days health exhibition event at a polyclinc, in Al-Buraimi, governorate. A pretested questionnaire to assess their knowledge, awareness and practices concerned to breast cancer was used. The collected data was categorized, analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression model. All the statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 version. Results: Out of the total of one hundred and eighty nine (189) participants, 80% had information of breast cancer. Participants had better knowledge of symptoms but less knowledge about risk factors. When probed about BSE, only 43% performed it and only 21% of them do it monthly on regular basis. The main reasons for regular monthly BSE is mainly because of fear of breast cancer (9%), doctor's advice (6%) and awareness through media (5%). Conclusion: Our study participants showed insufficient knowledge in some areas related to sign and symptoms and risk factors of breast cancer and identified a negative influence of low knowledge on the practice of BSE. Thus, educational interventions need to be emphasized to provide comprehensive information of breast cancer.
Measurements of NO and NO2 exchange between the atmosphere and Quercus agrifolia
Authors: Delaria Erin R. , Vieira Megan , Cremieux Julie , Cohen Ronald C.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. NO2 foliar deposition through the stomata of leaves
has been identified as a significant sink of NOx within a
forest canopy. In this study, we investigated NO2 and NO exchange
between the atmosphere and the leaves of the native California oak tree
Quercus agrifolia using a branch enclosure system. NO2
detection was performed with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), which excludes
biases from other reactive nitrogen compounds and has a low detection limit
of 5–50 ppt. We performed both light and dark experiments with
concentrations between 0.5 and 10 ppb NO2 and NO under constant
ambient conditions. Deposition velocities for NO2 during light and
dark experiments were 0.123±0.009 and 0.015±0.001 cm s−1, respectively. Much slower deposition was seen for NO, with
deposition velocities of 0.012±0.002 and 0.005±0.002 cm s−1 measured during light and dark experiments, respectively.
This corresponded to a summed resistance of the stomata and mesophyll of 6.9±0.9 s cm−1 for NO2 and 140±40 s cm−1 for
NO. No significant compensation point was detected for NO2 uptake,
but compensation points ranging from 0.74 to 3.8 ppb were observed for NO.
NO2 and NO deposition velocities reported here are comparable both
with previous leaf-level chamber studies and inferences from canopy-level
field measurements. In parallel with these laboratory experiments, we have
constructed a detailed 1-D atmospheric model to assess the contribution of
leaf-level NOx deposition to the total
NOx loss and NOx canopy fluxes. Using the
leaf uptake rates measured in the laboratory, these modeling studies suggest
that loss of NOx to deposition in a California oak woodland
competes with the pathways of HNO3 and RONO2 formation, with
deposition making up 3 %–22 % of the total NOx loss.
Additionally, foliar uptake of NOx at these rates could
account for ∼15 %–30 % canopy reduction of soil
NOx emissions.
Atmospheric processing of iron in mineral and combustion aerosols: development of an intermediate-complexity mechanism suitable for Earth system models
Authors: Scanza Rachel A. , Hamilton Douglas S. , Perez Garcia-Pando Carlos , Buck Clifton , Baker Alex , Mahowald Natalie M.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric processing of iron in dust and combustion aerosols is simulated using an
intermediate-complexity soluble iron mechanism designed for Earth system
models. The solubilization mechanism includes both a dependence on aerosol
water pH and in-cloud oxalic acid. The simulations of size-resolved total,
soluble and fractional iron solubility indicate that this mechanism captures
many but not all of the features seen from cruise observations of labile
iron. The primary objective was to determine the extent to which our
solubility scheme could adequately match observations of fractional iron
solubility. We define a semi-quantitative metric as the model mean at points
with observations divided by the observational mean (MMO). The model is in
reasonable agreement with observations of fractional iron solubility with an
MMO of 0.86. Several sensitivity studies are performed to ascertain the
degree of complexity needed to match observations; including the oxalic acid
enhancement is necessary, while different parameterizations for calculating
model oxalate concentrations are less important. The percent change in
soluble iron deposition between the reference case (REF) and the simulation
with acidic processing alone is 63.8 %, which is consistent with previous
studies. Upon deposition to global oceans, global mean combustion iron
solubility to total fractional iron solubility is 8.2 %; however, the
contribution of fractional iron solubility from combustion sources to ocean
basins below 15∘ S is approximately 50 %. We conclude that, in
many remote ocean regions, sources of iron from combustion and dust aerosols
are equally important. Our estimates of changes in deposition of soluble iron
to the ocean since preindustrial climate conditions suggest roughly a doubling due to a combination of
higher dust and combustion iron emissions along with more efficient
atmospheric processing.
Cloud liquid water path in the sub-Arctic region of Europe as derived from ground-based and space-borne remote observations
Authors: Kostsov Vladimir S. , Kniffka Anke , Ionov Dmitry V.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Tropospheric clouds are a very important component of the climate system and
the hydrological cycle in the Arctic and sub-Arctic. Liquid water path
(LWP) is one of the key parameters of clouds urgently needed for a variety of
studies, including the snow cover and climate modelling at northern
latitudes. A joint analysis was made of the LWP values obtained from observations by
the SEVIRI satellite instrument and from ground-based observations by the
RPG-HATPRO microwave radiometer near St Petersburg, Russia (60∘ N,
30∘ E). The time period of selected data sets spans 2
years (December 2012–November 2014) excluding winter months, since the
specific requirements for SEVIRI observations restrict measurements at
northern latitudes in winter when the solar zenith angle is too large. The
radiometer measurement site is located very close to the shore of the Gulf of
Finland, and our study has revealed considerable differences between the LWP
values obtained by SEVIRI over land and over water areas in the region under
investigation. Therefore, special attention was paid to the analysis of
the LWP spatial distributions derived from SEVIRI observations at scales from
15 to 150 km in the vicinity of St Petersburg. Good agreement between the
daily median LWP values obtained from the SEVIRI and the RPG-HATPRO
observations was shown: the rms difference was estimated at
0.016 kg m−2 for a warm season and 0.048 kg m−2 for a cold
season. Over 7 months (February–May and August–October), the SEVIRI
and the RPG-HATPRO instruments revealed similar diurnal variations in LWP,
while considerable discrepancies between the diurnal variations obtained by
the two instruments were detected in June and July. On the basis of
reanalysis data, it was shown that the LWP diurnal cycles are
characterised by considerable interannual variability.
Retrieval of snowflake microphysical properties from multifrequency radar observations
Authors: Leinonen Jussi , Lebsock Matthew D. , Tanelli Simone , Sy Ousmane O. , Dolan Brenda , Chase Randy J. , Finlon Joseph A. , von Lerber Annakaisa , Moisseev Dmitri
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We have developed an algorithm that retrieves the size, number concentration
and density of falling snow from multifrequency radar observations. This
work builds on previous studies that have indicated that three-frequency
radars can provide information on snow density, potentially improving the
accuracy of snow parameter estimates. The algorithm is based on a Bayesian
framework, using lookup tables mapping the measurement space to the state
space, which allows fast and robust retrieval. In the forward model, we
calculate the radar reflectivities using recently published snow scattering
databases. We demonstrate the algorithm using multifrequency airborne radar
observations from the OLYMPEX–RADEX field campaign, comparing the retrieval
results to hydrometeor identification using ground-based polarimetric radar
and also to collocated in situ observations made using another aircraft.
Using these data, we examine how the availability of multiple frequencies
affects the retrieval accuracy, and we test the sensitivity of the algorithm to
the prior assumptions. The results suggest that multifrequency radars are
substantially better than single-frequency radars at retrieving snow
microphysical properties. Meanwhile, triple-frequency radars can retrieve
wider ranges of snow density than dual-frequency radars and better locate
regions of high-density snow such as graupel, although these benefits are
relatively modest compared to the difference in retrieval performance between
dual- and single-frequency radars. We also examine the sensitivity of the
retrieval results to the fixed a priori assumptions in the algorithm, showing
that the multifrequency method can reliably retrieve snowflake size, while
the retrieved number concentration and density are affected significantly by
the assumptions.
Modification, Characterization and Evaluation of a Quantum/Interband Cascade Laser Spectrometer for simultaneous airborne in situ observation of CH4, C2H6, CO2, CO and N2O
Authors: Kostinek Julian , Roiger Anke , Davis Kenneth J. , Sweeney Colm , DiGangi Joshua P. , Choi Yonghoon , Baier Bianca , Hase Frank , Groß Jochen , Eckl Maximilian , Klausner Theresa , Butz André
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Achieving an improved understanding of the anthropogenic influence on climate due to man made greenhouse gas emissions is of major interest for the global civilization. Sources, sinks and transport of climatologically-relevant gases in the Earth's atmosphere are still insufficiently understood, implying a fundamental need for accurate, spatially and temporally dense observations. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is a widely used technique for in situ sensing of atmospheric composition. Mid-infrared spectrometers have become commercially available, since continuous wave quantum cascade (QCL) and interband cascade lasers (ICL) today achieve excellent performance, stability and high output power at typical ambient conditions. Aircraft deployment poses a challenging environment for these newly-developed instruments. Here, we demonstrate the successful adaption of a commercially available QCL/ICL based spectrometer for airborne in-situ trace gas measurements. The instrument measures methane, ethane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide and water vapor simultaneously, with high 1σ-precision (740 ppt, 205 ppt, 460 ppb, 2.2 ppb, 137 ppt, 16 ppm, respectively) and high frequency (2 Hz). We estimate a total measurement uncertainty of 2.3 ppb, 1.6 ppb, 1.0 ppm, 7.4 ppb and 0.8 ppb in CH4, C2H6, CO2, CO and N2O, respectively. The instrument enables truly simultaneous and continuous (zero dead-time) observations for all targeted species. Frequent calibration allows for a measurement duty cycle ≥ 90 % while retaining high accuracy. A custom retrieval software has been implemented and instrument performance is reported for a first field deployment during NASA's Atmospheric Carbon and Transport America (ACT-America) campaign in fall 2017 over the eastern and central U.S.. This includes an inter-instrumental comparison with a calibrated cavity ring-down greenhouse gas analyzer (operated by NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA) and periodic flask samples analyzed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). We demonstrate excellent agreement of the QCL/ICL based instrument to these concurrent observations within the combined measurement uncertainty.
Cloud base height retrieval from multi-angle satellite data
Authors: Böhm Christoph , Sourdeval Odran , Mülmenstädt Johannes , Quaas Johannes , Crewell Susanne
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Clouds are a key modulator of the Earth energy budget at the top of the atmosphere and at the surface. While the cloud top height is operationally retrieved with global coverage, only few methods have been proposed to determine cloud base heights (zbase) from satellite measurements. This study presents a new approach to retrieve cloud base heights using the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) on the Terra satellite. It can be applied if some cloud gaps occur within the chosen distance of typically 10 km. The MISR cloud base height (MIBase) algorithm then determines zbase from the ensemble of all MISR cloud top heights retrieved at a 1.1-km horizontal resolution in this area. MIBase is first calibrated using one year of ceilometer data from more than 1500 sites within the continental United States of America. The 15th percentile of the cloud top height distribution within a circular area of 10 km radius provides the best agreement with the ground-based data. The thorough evaluation of the MIBase product zbase with further ceilometer data yields a correlation coefficient of about 0.66. For a three year period, the median zbase is generated globally on a 0.25° × 0.25° grid. It shows plausible results in particular over sea as well as for seasonal differences. The potential of the full 16 years of MISR data is demonstrated for the southeast Pacific revealing inter-annual variability in zbase in accordance with reanalysis data.
An intercomparison of oceanic methane and nitrous oxide measurements
Authors: Wilson Samuel T. , Bange Hermann W. , Arévalo-Martínez Damian L. , Barnes Jonathan , Borges Alberto V. , Brown Ian , Bullister John L. , Burgos Macarena , Capelle David W. , Casso Michael , de la Paz Mercedes , Farías Laura , Fenwick Lindsay , Ferrón Sara , Garcia Gerardo , Glockzin Michael , Karl David M. , Kock Annette , Laperriere Sarah , Law Cliff S. , Manning Cara C. , Marriner Andrew , Myllykangas Jukka-Pekka , Pohlman John W. , Rees Andrew P. , Santoro Alyson E. , Tortell Philippe D. , Upstill-Goddard Robert C. , Wisegarver David P. , Zhang Gui-Ling , Rehder Gregor
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Large-scale climatic forcing is impacting
oceanic biogeochemical cycles and is expected to influence the water-column
distribution of trace gases, including methane and nitrous oxide. Our ability
as a scientific community to evaluate changes in the water-column inventories
of methane and nitrous oxide depends largely on our capacity to obtain robust
and accurate concentration measurements that can be validated across
different laboratory groups. This study represents the first formal
international intercomparison of oceanic methane and nitrous oxide
measurements whereby participating laboratories received batches of seawater
samples from the subtropical Pacific Ocean and the Baltic Sea. Additionally,
compressed gas standards from the same calibration scale were distributed to
the majority of participating laboratories to improve the analytical accuracy
of the gas measurements. The computations used by each laboratory to derive
the dissolved gas concentrations were also evaluated for inconsistencies
(e.g., pressure and temperature corrections, solubility constants). The
results from the intercomparison and intercalibration provided invaluable
insights into methane and nitrous oxide measurements. It was observed that
analyses of seawater samples with the lowest concentrations of methane and
nitrous oxide had the lowest precisions. In comparison, while the analytical
precision for samples with the highest concentrations of trace gases was
better, the variability between the different laboratories was higher:
36 % for methane and 27 % for nitrous oxide. In addition, the
comparison of different batches of seawater samples with methane and nitrous
oxide concentrations that ranged over an order of magnitude revealed the
ramifications of different calibration procedures for each trace gas.
Finally, this study builds upon the intercomparison results to develop
recommendations for improving oceanic methane and nitrous oxide measurements,
with the aim of precluding future analytical discrepancies between
laboratories.
Predicting near-term changes in ocean carbon uptake
Authors: Lovenduski Nicole S. , Yeager Stephen G. , Lindsay Keith , Long Matthew C.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Annual to decadal variations in air–sea fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) impact the global carbon cycle and climate system, and previous studies suggest that these variations may be predictable in the near-term. Here, we quantify and understand the sources of near-term (annual to decadal) predictability and predictive skill in air–sea CO2 flux on global and regional scales by analyzing output from a novel set of retrospective decadal forecasts of the Earth system. These initialized forecasts exhibit the potential to predict year-to-year variations in the globally-integrated air–sea CO2 flux up to ~ 7 years in advance. This initialized predictability exceeds the predictability obtained solely from foreknowledge of variations in external forcing or a simple persistence forecast. The near-term CO2 flux predictability is largely driven by predictability in the surface ocean partial pressure of CO2, which itself is a function of predictability in surface ocean dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity. Comparison with an observationally-based product suggests that the initialized forecasts exhibit moderate predictive skill in the tropics and subtropics, but low skill elsewhere. In the subantarctic Southern Ocean and northern North Atlantic, we find long-lasting initialized predictability that beats that derived from uninitialized and persistence forecasts. Our results suggest that year-to-year variations in ocean carbon uptake may be predictable well in advance, and establish a precedent for forecasting air–sea CO2 flux in the near future.
La retención de usuarios en los videojuegos con multijugador masivo: Una analogía entre las motivaciones sociales que influyen en el ámbito lúdico y educativo
Authors: Osorio Jorge , Álvarez Nahum , Peinado Federico
Published: October 2018

Los géneros de videojuegos basados en dinámicas multijugador están sostenidos por la dimensión social inherente a estas. Esta dimensión contribuye de manera evidente en su éxito o fracaso y por tanto los creadores la consideran atentamente durante el diseño previo de la experiencia.Comparando estas comunidades con las que se dan en el ámbito educativo encontramos paralelismos en las estructuras sociales de ambos sistemas, lo que propicia la extrapolación y aplicación de los resultados de investigación sobre videojuegos a las aulas universitarias.Esta adaptación se plantea a través de un plan integral de acciones para potenciar el rendimiento y el aprendizaje del alumnado. Estas acciones se derivan de los métodos desarrollados en investigaciones previas con el objetivo de potenciar la estabilidad y la integración de los usuarios en comunidades de videojuegos.
El conocimiento en la universidad como problema público. Condiciones de producción en la comunicación y las ciencias sociales
Authors: Fouce Héctor , Pecourt Juan , Pedro-Carañana Joan
Published: October 2018

El conocimiento en la universidad como problema público. Condiciones de producción en la comunicación y las ciencias sociales
The “Wilderness” in Hosea and Deuteronomy: A Case of Thematic Reappropriation
Authors: Smith Cooper
Published: October 2018

Among many similarities, Hosea and Deuteronomy also share the use of the word מִדְּבָּר (midbār, “wilderness”) in service of a wilderness sojourn theme that emphasizes Yhwh’s gracious actions of provision and protection despite Israel’s rebellion. Although the scholarly consensus asserts that each book draws on a different sojourn tradition, an analysis of their sojourn themes based on their use of מִדְּבָּר reveals similar features: the word מִדְּבָּר is present in positive contexts that emphasize Yhwh’s gracious actions on Israel’s behalf in the wilderness and is absent in negative contexts that recount Israel’s rebellion. These similarities are apparent when compared to the rhetoric of the wilderness in Numbers that displays the opposite pattern. The tendency of Deuteronomy and Hosea to use מִדְּבָּר in contexts of Yhwh’s activity and omit it in contexts of Israel’s rebellion during the sojourn is unique in the OT to such an extent that it is likely that one tradition is borrowing from the other. Further, and contrary to the usual dating of these books, four arguments indicate that Hosea borrows and reappropriates Deuteronomy’s wilderness sojourn theme. Owing to these arguments and the well-integrated nature of the wilderness theme in Deuteronomy, it is argued that Hosea follows after and is dependent on a well-developed Deuteronomic tradition that substantively resembles the canonical book of Deuteronomy. Further, appreciation of the wilderness themes and Hosea’s dependence on the Deuteronomic tradition allow for hermeneutical observations that contribute to the interpretation of both books.
Comparison of Recycling Activities at Landfills in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Watanabe Kohei , Sasaki Shunsuke , Tiew Kian Ghee , Irwan Dani
Published: October 2018

The situation of on-site recycling at landfills in Malaysia was investigated. Although Malaysia’s per capita GDP is three times that of Indonesia, waste picking at landfills is still economically feasible. The reason for this is that in Indonesia, the main recovered item is plastic bags as more valuable items are removed before the waste arrives to the landfill, while in Malaysia items such as PET bottles and metal cans are abundant in landfills, thus the waste pickers can earn a higher income. The authorities should make active efforts in supporting recycling at more upstream of the material flow so that recovering of materials at landfills will be unnecessary.
Saberes y prácticas en la agonía, muerte y duelo del pueblo afrodescendientes de Puerto Cabezas
Authors: Dean Lee Smith Dixie , Rojas Hooker Sandra Carolina
Published: October 2018

Este artículo se basó en el estudio: Historia oral sobre las tradiciones culturales: agonía, muerte y duelo en el pueblo afrodescendiente de Puerto Cabezas, con énfasis en una serie de ritos, asociados a etapas o hitos, que el pueblo afrodescendiente realiza de manera particular como un mecanismo colectivo de espiritualidad, acompañamiento, solidaridad y comunitariedad, para el manejo del duelo. Además de compartir sus saberes y práctica; también expresaron sus profundos sentimientos alrededor de algunas prácticas culturales en las nuevas generaciones, así como la posibilidad de revitalizarlas.
Pobreza extrema de mujeres indígenas en México. Estudio de caso para la Zona Maya de Quintana Roo
Authors: Barrera Rojas Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2018

Esta investigación ha analizado la pobreza en la población indígena de la Zona Maya del Estado de Quintana Roo en México. En trabajo de campo se recopiló información sobre el ingreso corriente en los hogares de las localidades de estudio para posteriormente aislar a los individuos varones y centrar el análisis en la población femenina. Como método de contraste para cuantificar la pobreza extrema se utilizó la metodología propuesta por el Banco Mundial (línea de pobreza extrema) y del Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (líneas de bienestar mínimo y de bienestar). Los resultados se presentan en gráficos donde se trazaron las líneas de pobreza tanto del Banco Mundial como del Consejo Nacional para la Evaluación para contrastarlos con el Ingreso Corriente de cada mujer de la muestra.
BIODEGRADABILIDADE PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE ENERGIA RENOVÁVEL
Authors: Souza Mariana Lino de , Freitas Diego Antônio França de , Gonçalves Carla Saraiva
Published: October 2018

A crescente preocupação mundial em se desenvolver de maneira sustentável incentiva a busca por alternativas na produção de energia. Esse cenário proporciona a busca de diferentes tecnologias adequadas para transformar os resíduos em produtos novamente utilizáveis e, assim, evitarem futuros problemas ecológicos e econômicos. Diante deste panorama, esse trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar como alguns tipos de resíduos gerados a partir de atividades desenvolvidas pelo homem podem ser reutilizados de diferentes maneiras. Esses resíduos poderão ser convertidos em uma fonte de energia alternativa ou serem utilizados como fertilizante natural, transformando-se em um material de alto valor agregado. A reutilização de resíduos contribuirá para a diminuição de problemas ambientais como o aquecimento global. Desta forma, para se obter um desenvolvimento sustentável é necessário a reutilização de resíduos e trabalhos de conscientização. Palavras-chave: Biodigestores; Energia alternativa; Sustentabilidade.
A SEMIÓTICA DE PEIRCE A PARTIR DE JOHN LOCKE E DAVID HUME: O ÍCONE, ÍNDICE E SÍMBOLO
Authors: Monteiro Ricardo Rodrigues
Published: October 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar alguns conceitos fundamentais da semiótica de Peirce (1839-1914), em especial a relação do signo com o objeto, demonstrando-a como uma evolução em relação ao pensamento de John Locke (1632-1704) e David Hume (1711-1776). Pretende-se assim fornecer subsídios aos interessados em conhecer ou aprofundar seus estudos sobre a semiótica de Peirce, de maneira introdutória, ou que estejam no início de um aprofundamento mais teórico-conceitual sobre o assunto. No início apresentamos conceitos essenciais que influenciaram Peirce, tais como a ideia de signo sonoro, em Locke, ou o conceito de associação de ideias por semelhança, contiguidade ou causa e efeito, em Hume. Tentaremos demonstrar que esse conceito, bem como a provocação feita por Hume aos filósofos, foram decisivos para o desenvolvimento da teoria geral dos signos de Peirce, em especial a relação entre signo e objeto (S-O), vindo a culminar na tricotomia clássica: ícone, índice e símbolo. Outrossim, vale destacar que o signo sonoro em Locke possivelmente influenciou a ideia de signo enquanto imagem acústica, em Saussure. Ainda, apresentaremos várias provas para atestar que a teoria de Peirce não é antropocêntrica e, por essa razão, pode muito bem ser utilizada, além da comunicação entre humanos, para os estudos de comunicação entre humanos e não humanos, e entre não humanos e não humanos
Editorial
Authors: Quadros Diomar Augusto de
Published: October 2018

Nesta primeira edição do volume “onze” da Revista Divers@! As temáticas apresentadas: Organização, Gestão e Sociedade; Educação; Gênero e Diversidade; Questões Agrárias; Trabalho e Ciências Ambientais são apresentadas no decorrer das cinco produções, em que os leitores poderão confirmar as relações interdisciplinares, que, por vezes,encontram-se entrelaçadas em um mesmo artigo em campos de áreas de saber distintos perpassando assim pelo campo da complexidade, dos saberes constituídos e do pensamento sistêmico.
The significance of the nanostructural
components on the properties of the
nanoengineering materials
Authors: Dobrzański L.A.
Published: October 2018

Purpose: In the paper, the own original achievements and a mature view of the current
development of advanced nanotechnology materials are presented.
Design/methodology/approach: The paper should be treated as an auto-review of
the own research in the area. The paper is preceded by a short historical sketch and the
development of the concept and meaning of nanotechnology and nanostructured materials.
Respectively, the following issues are described: the nanocomposites containing carbon
or halloysite nanotubes, graphene and metallic nanowires, nanostructured coatings and
surface zones of engineering materials, a creation of the nanometric components of
the structure of massive materials, nanocomposite materials designed mainly for use in
regenerative medicine and regenerative dentistry.
Practical implications: In final remarks, the attention is paid to applications of
nanotechnology in many products sought on the market and improve their properties and
applicability.
Researching practice-based teacher education: Trends, challenges and recommendations for future research
Authors: Jenset Inga Staal
Published: October 2018

AbstractTeacher educators and policymakers worldwide have called for a practice-based teacher education. However, the body of research on teacher education is limited, as is the knowledge about practice-based teacher education. This article summarises six recent comprehensive research reviews on teacher education. It gives an overview of the research trends in international research on practice-based teacher educationwith regard to research focus, research designs, and validity issues. The article discusses challenges within this field of research and provides recommendations for future research. It concludes that further research—using a greater variety of research designs and paying closer attention to methodological developments—is needed.Keywords: practice, teacher education, reviewÅ forske på praksisbasert lærerutdanning: Trender, utfordringer og forslag til fremtidig forskningSammendragLærerutdannere og politikere verden over argumenterer for en praksisbasert lærerutdanning. Likevel er det lite forskning på lærerutdanning generelt, og i enda større grad; forskning spesifikt på en praksisbasert lærerutdanning. Denne artikkelen oppsummerer seks nye, omfattende forskningsreviewer på lærerutdanning, ved å identifisere trender i forskningen på praksisbasert lærerutdanning. Artikkelen fremhever forskningsfokus og forskningsdesign som identifiseres innenfor denne litteraturen, samt problemer ved denne forskningens validitet. Basert på dette diskuterer artikkelen utfordringer innenfor forskningsfeltet, og gir anbefalinger for videre forskning. Artikkelen konkluderer med at det er et behov for videre forskning innenfor dette feltet, som tar i bruk større forskningsmetodisk variasjon, og som i større grad bidrar til forskningsmetodisk utvikling.Nøkkelord: praksis, lærerutdanning, review
Frontera Combustible: Conceptualising the State Through the Experiences of Petrol Smugglers in the Colombian/Venezuelan Borderlands of Norte de Santander/Táchira
Authors: Beach Charles
Published: October 2018

This paper is based on an ongoing ethnographic research project conducted in the borderlands between Colombia and Venezuela, in particular the Colombian city of Cúcuta. There is a thriving smuggling trade between the two countries caused by Venezuela’s economic crisis and the extreme devaluation of goods. The area has become one of Colombia’s ‘hottest’ regions due to the proliferation of armed gangs that make money by smuggling of contraband, especially petrol. The article aims to describe how petrol vendors, transporters and smugglers conceptualise the state and how they negotiate and interact with state actors present in the borderlands. It engages in an anthropology of the state through the ethnographic lens of organised informal workers. Starting with a theoretical framework, it criticizes attempts to do anthropology in the margins of the state for its uncomfortably Hobbesian vision of the world, and settles instead on a ‘critical phenomenology of power’ (Krupa and Nugent 2015) as a methodology. It goes on to introduce two pimpinero trade unionists and the struggles of running petrol from the border as well as of political organising. The final section analyses this struggle as ‘insurgent citizenship’, a citizenry’s bottom up attempt to claim full access to their rights as citizens (Holston 2013), as well as ethnographically justifying the need for a conceptual borderland region. All informants’ names are anonymized apart from two trade union leaders who requested not to be anonymous.
Citizen Opinion Survey: How a Mid-Sized California Community Perceives their Police Department
Authors: Werling Robert , Chintakrindi Sriram , Clark Nicholas , Morris Gregory , Perry Mark , Randol Blake
Published: October 2018

Successful community policing is, in part, dependent on the community’s perception of their police officers. The police department of a mid-sized community in California’s Central Valley conducted a survey to gain some measure of the citizen’s perception of their police. The survey was conducted in conjunction with a nearby California State University. The results of the survey are being used to make revisions in the policies and procedures of the police department. It also proved to be an interesting activity for the professors and students of the university.
Praktisk handleviden og behovet for kontrol i videnarbejde
Authors: Elmholdt Claus
Published: October 2018

Artiklen sætter fokus på forholdet mellem praktisk handleviden og behovet for kontrol i videnarbejde. Dette belyses med afsæt i et casestudie af en større dansk IT virksomheds implementering af teknologier for videnledelse. Organisationens teknologier for videnledelse analyseres som kontrol og disciplineringsteknologier der virker såvel via ydre kontrol, som via indre selvovervågning. Det diskuteres på den baggrund, hvordan medarbejdernes modstand mod organisationens implementering af teknologier for videnledelse kan begribes. I diskussionen inddrages en post-strukturalistisk fortolkning af situeret viden og læring hvor konfl ikter, modsætninger og magt gives opmærksomhed.
Selvteknologier — magt og styring i det ny arbejde
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: October 2018

D e nye ledelses- og organisationsformer sætter mennesket-eller rettere de menneskelige ressourcer-i centrum. Den moderne medarbejder er ansvarlig, innovativ og kreativ. Hun er selv i stand til at oversætte stadigt skiftende krav fra omgivelserne til håndterbare krav i eget arbejde. Og hun er forandringsparat og interesseret i stadig at udvikle sig. Virksomheden ønsker sig hele og autonome mennesker, som anvender og udvikler deres ressourcer med henblik på at gavne virksomhedens overordnede mål. Samtidig afblæses interessekonfl ikten mellem arbejdsgivere og medarbejdere; medarbejdernes tilbydes autonomi og selvrealisering, og virksomheden udvikler sig og profiterer af den menneskelige kreativitet. Dette er jo mildest talt en revolution set i forhold til det industrielle arbejdes fokus på kontrol og konflikt. Her udøvedes kontrol enten via direkte overvågning i Fayols billede, indbygget i produktionsteknologien som Braverman påpegede det, eller via forskellige former for måleteknologi. Det ny scenario er et regime, hvor tillid frem for mistillid er herskende, og hvor tidligere tiders forarmelse af arbejdet er afløst af et udviklende arbejde. Denne meget positive vignet har været om drejningspunkt for diskussionen om det moderne arbejdsliv i de seneste 10-15 år. Spørgsmålet er, om der reelt er tale om autonomi og myndiggørelse, eller der er en langt mere avanceret form for styring af individerne på spil? Og giver det overhovedet mening at stille et sådant spørgsmål? At der ikke er tale om et entydigt rosenrødt billede er-med den nærmest epidemiske udbredelse af stress i arbejdslivet-uden for diskussion. Kritiske røster har peget på, hvordan selvrealisering snarere bliver en tvang endet tilbud, og hvordan den øgede individualisering også betyder, at individet i stigende gøres ansvarligt for både sin egen og virksomhedens succes. Det er blevet en pligt at realisere sit eget potentiale. En af tidsskriftets mest læste og refererede artikler er således Jesper Tynells: Det er din egen skyld (Tynell 2002), en artikel der stiller skarpt på den selvdisciplinering og den selvforståelse, som nye diskurser om medarbejderen er med til at skabe. Andre peger på, at det store fokus på udvikling af egne potentialer, og den bestan dige søgen i sig selv, udøver et pres på in di videt. De peger på, at der etableres et men neskesyn, som bygger på en fusion af ny religiøse og manage mentorienterede for ståelser. Karen Lisa Salamon taler om 'Mar keds gørelse af kultur og kosmologi' (Salamon 2002). Og Kir sten Marie Bovbjerg påpeger, hvordan NLP (Neuro Linguistisk Programmering) tek nikker anvendes i personlige udviklingskur ser for alt fra rengøringsmedarbejdere og tillidsmænd til topledere (Bovbjerg 2003). Samtidig har der hele tiden været 'konservative' røster til at minde os om, at denne trend kun gælder små dele af arbejdsmar-
Virksomhedens sociale kapital — en ny indfaldsvinkel til det psykiske arbejdsmiljø?
Authors: Kristensen Tage Søndergård , Hasle Peter , Pejtersen Jan Hyld
Published: October 2018

Siden 1990 har der været en omfattende forskning og teoriudvikling vedrørende begrebet social kapital inden for områderne økonomi, udviklingsbistand og folkesundhed. Imidlertid har begrebet kun i meget begrænset omfang været anvendt inden for arbejdsmiljøforskningen. I denne artikel introducerer vi begrebet i en arbejdsmiljøkontekst. Vi foreslår en defi nition af virksomhedernes sociale kapital, der omfatter tre nøglefaktorer: samarbejdsevne, tillid og retfærdighed. Endvidere illustrerer vi denne model ved hjælp af to empiriske undersøgelser: den nationale undersøgelse af psykisk arbejdsmiljø (Tre-dækker undersøgelsen) samt VIPS-projektet. I begge undersøgelser er der klare sammenhænge mellem social kapital på den ene side og de ansattes psykiske arbejdsmiljø og helbred på den anden. Vi konkluderer, at en teori om virksomhedernes sociale kapital potentielt kan tjene som en ramme for forskning og handling, der omfatter psykisk arbejdsmiljø, produktivitet og de ansattes helbred og velbefi ndende.
Hälsofrämjande på en Akutklinik — lärande genom arbetsplatsbaserat utvecklingsarbete
Authors: Gustavsson Maria
Published: October 2018

Fokus i denna artikel ligger på hälsofrämjande på en akutklinik vidett universitetssjukhus. Inom sjukhuset finns en uttalad policy f ør att skapa hälsofrämjande arbetsplatser f ør att øka antalet långtidsfriska genom främjande och f ørebyggande åtgärder f ør hälsa. F ør att nå målet med hälsofrämjande arbetsplatser avsattes särskilda medel f ør olika utvecklingsprojekt på sjukhusets kliniker, och en av dessa insatser var utvecklingsarbetet vid akutkliniken. Det hälsofrämjande utvecklingsarbetet initierades vid akutkliniken f ør att f ørs øka bryta trenden med økande sjukfrånvaro, som vid utvecklingsarbetets b ørjan var relativt h øg i jämf ørelse med sjukhuset totalt. Syftet i denna artikel är att med utgångspunkt från akutklinikens hälsofrämjande utvecklingsarbete diskutera m øjligheter (och begränsningar) att skapa f ørutsättningar f ør sjukvårdspersonal att lära vad som främjar hälsa och vilka f ørutsättningar som bidrar till hälsofrämjande på arbetsplatsen.
Skal sundhedsfremme indsatser på arbejdspladsen være evidensbaserede?
Authors: Højgaard Betina
Published: October 2018

L ivsstil er ikke længere en privat sag. Offentlige såvel som private arbejdspladser forsøger i dag at påvirke deres medarbejdere i retning af en mere sund livsstil. Virksomhederne føler således i større grad end tidligere, at de har et medansvar for de ansattes sundhedsvaner (Sundhedsstyrelsen 2006). Dette lader sig blandt andet afspejle i det voksende marked af aktører på området, som tilbyder deres bistand til virksomhederne, i form af fx tilbud om afholdelse af livsstilskurser, rygestoptilbud, diætistvejledning mm. På DR kunne man i efteråret følge med i programmet Chris på chokoladefabrikken, der viste hvordan Toms chokoladefabrik ved hjælp fra en sundhedscoach forsøger at inspirere deres medarbejdere til en sund og aktiv hverdag. Det er således ikke længere kun den enkeltes ansvar at leve sundt, men arbejdsgiveren får også et an svar for, at medarbejderne lever sundt.
Jobchancer — betydningen af netværk og virksomheders rekrutteringspraksis
Authors: Pedersen Jacob Jepsen
Published: October 2018

Hvorfor har nogle arbejdsløse, i en situation med historisk lav ledighed, tilsyneladende stadig mere end svært ved at komme i beskæftigelse? Med baggrund i internationale studier af sociale netværks betydning og virksomheders rekrutteringspraksis tilbyder indeværende artikel en række supplerende variable, der kan være med til at forklare, hvorfor visse grupper af arbejdsløse forbliver ledige, og hvorfor de eksisterende arbejdsmarkedspolitiske tiltag ikke har ændret herpå.
"Hvis vi bare ku" få fred til at passe vores arbejdeÉ" — om mening, forandring og psykisk arbejdsmiljø
Authors: Olsén Peter
Published: October 2018

Hvordan bliver det meningsfuldt for medarbejdere og ledere at prioritere indsatsen for et bedre psykisk arbejdsmiljø? Det var et underspørgsmål i den nyligt afsluttede VIPS-undersøgelse af 14 danske virksomheder1. Samlet set var resultaterne af virksomhedernes bestræbelser på at forbedre det psykiske arbejdsmiljø skuffende. Men samtidig var der et overraskende højt og udbredt engagement i arbejdsopgaven hos medarbejderne-på tværs af arbejdssektorer. Engagementet var ofte frustreret og forbundet med konfl ikt, men ikke til at overse. Det kan ses som et markant subjektivt potentiale for forbedring af arbejdet. Med udgangspunkt i denne empiri argumenterer denne artikel2 for en forståelsesmodel hvor arbejdsopgaven er den centrale kategori og omdrejningspunkt for skabelse af mening i arbejdet-og mening i udvikling af arbejdet. I praksis indebærer det bla. at arbejdet med at forbedre det psykiske arbejdsmiljø i højere grad end hidtil må fokusere på arbejdets indhold-og give arbejdernes erfaring og indflydelse mere rum.