bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of three way cross hybrids and single cross hybrids in sunflower Helianthus annuus
Authors: Kulkarni Vikas V.
Published: January 2019

Thirty-two sunflower, Helianthus annuus three way cross hybrids along with five popular single cross hybrids evaluated for yield and component traits during Kharif-2013. Out of 32 three way cross sunflower hybrids tested, none were significantly superior over single cross best check. However, two three way cross hybrids (CMS-207A X IB-104)X DOR-R3 (2066 kg/ha) and (CMS-148A X IB-101)XDOR-R3 (20132 kg/ha) recorded on-par seed yield compared to commercial single cross hybrid check RSFH-130. The three-way-cross hybrids were early for 50% flowering compared to single cross hybrids and were on-par for other quantitative characters viz., plant height, head diameter, volume weight and 100 seed weight. Looking into the advantage of reduced seed production cost and on par yield performance, identified two three-way cross hybrids needs to be tested over years and for different locations to find their suitability for commercial cultivation.
Influence of integrated nutrient management practices on dry matter production, yield and NPK uptake of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Jeyajothi R. , Durairaj S. Nalliah
Published: January 2019

A field investigation was carried out during Rabi season (Pishanam rice) of 2012-2013 at wetland of Central Farm, Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Killikulam, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management practices on dry matter production, yield and NPK uptake of transplanted rice. The treatments were laid out in a Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice using the rice variety ADT(R) 45. Among the different integrated nutrient management practices, application of GLM @ 6.25 t ha-1 + Azophosmet + 100 % NPK registered significantly the highest (P<0.01) dry matter production at all the stages (Active tillering; 1690, flowering; 9100 and harvest;14490 kg ha-1). The grain yield was increased, when GLM was integrated with 100 % NPK application (6030 kg ha-1). The grain yield was further increased, when Azophosmet was applied through seed and soil application along with GLM and 100 % NPK (6617 kg ha-1). However, it was on par with application of FYM + Azophosmet + 100 % NPK. The same trend was noticed in straw yield also. The uptake of N, P and K nutrients by rice crop at har-vest stages (95.6, 37.7 and 118 kg ha-1) of crop growth was remarkably increased by the application of GLM + Azophosmet + 100 % NPK. Among the various nutrient management practices, application of GLM + Azophosmet + 100 % NPK registered superior growth indicators due to the effective utilization of various nutrients and subsequent accumulation of more assimilates which inturn led to improved vegetative growth and higher yield of transplanted rice.
G x E Interaction and path analysis for yield and its attributing traits in advanced genotypes of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]
Authors: Ramesh Ramesh , Muniswamy S. , Yamanura Yamanura , Bharathi Bharathi
Published: January 2019

The present investigation was carried out during kharif-2012, 2013 and 2014 under rain fed condition at the Agricultural Research Station, Kalaburagi located in north eastern dry zone (Zone 2) of Karnataka, to know the stability and path analysis of the twenty genotypes of pigeonpea including check WRP-1. Highly significant differences among genotypes were observed for all the characters except primary branches. Environmental + (Genotype × Environment) interaction was significant for days to maturity, primary branch, pod bearing length, and seed yield per plant. The variance due to pooled deviation was highly significant for all the characters except for primary branches, pod length and number of seeds per pod which reflect the presence of sufficient genetic variability in the material. Out of 20 genotypes studied, RVK-275 (X=38.713, bi=1.7 and S2di = -9.67) and AKT-9913 (X =43.397, bi=2.86 and S2di= -7.42) were found to be a stable for seed yield and test weight, across the environments with good stability under rain fed conditions compared to local check. Path analysis revealed that days to flower initiation (3.942 and 1.123), days to maturity (1.493 and 0.960), primary branches (0.667 and 0.045), pod bearing length (1.153 and 0.394), number of pods per plant (0.661 and 0.463) and 100 seed weight (0.352 and 0.426) had the highest positive direct effect on grain yield both at genotypic and phenotypic level. For maximizing the grain yield per plant emphasis should be given in selection of such characters for further improvement in pigeonpea.
Heterosis for yield and yield attributes in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Sravan T. , Jaiswal H.K. , Waza Showkat A. , Priyanka Kumari
Published: January 2019

The present study was carried out to study the extent of heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for yield and yield parameters in rice. Analysis of variance indicated significant difference among the genotypes for various traits. Estimation of heterosis for various yield contributing traits indicated that out of nine crosses studied, Pusa sugandh-2 X BPT-5204 (27.93) and Pusa sugandh-2 X Kasturi (24.71) were identified as promising. These hybrids may be recommended for commercial cultivation after further evaluation.
Productivity, profitability and water use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different customized fertilizers and moisture regimes
Authors: Tiwari Dheeraj K. , Singh G. R. , Singh S. P. , Pandey S. K. , Yadav V. D.
Published: January 2019

A field experiment was conduct during the winter (rabi) season of 2010-2011 on silty loam soil at Faizabad (Uttar Pradesh), India to develop suitable dose of customized fertilizers (CF) and moisture regime for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. Productivity of grain and straw of wheat increased with increasing level of nutrient. Highest grain yield (53.13 q ha-1) was recorded under the application of CF 12 : 30 : 16 : 0.5 : 0 : 5 (NPK 150 : 75 : 40) which was accounted increases of 18.22%, 14.55% and 10.88% more yield than F1, F4 and F6 treatment respectively. Highest water use efficiency was recorded with 6 cm irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio and customize fertilizer 12: 30: 16: 0.5: 0: 5(NPK 150: 75: 40). The highest net returns (Rs. 61324 ha-1) and B:C (2.29) were recorded under the treatment combination of 1.0 IW/CPE ratio + customize fertilizer 12: 30: 16: 0.5: 0: 5 (NPK 150: 75: 40). The increased dose of fertilization in the form of CF with proper irrigation scheduling in wheat has a high scope for the maximization of yield as well as profitability in wheat growing regions of Uttar Pradesh.
Role of micronutrients in few crops production and human health in Lucknow region (U. P.), India
Authors: Maurya Pradip Kumar , Kumar Hemant , Rawat Manoj Singh
Published: January 2019

Accumulation of nutrients like Ca, Mn, Cu, N, P, and K were determined in root, stem, and leaves of different crops. The selected crop is uses for different nutrients for the body growth, in all of the six crop plant were selected like Cajanus cajan (Arhar-A) Pisum sativum (Pea-B), Solanum tuberosum (Potato-C), Brassica juncea (Mustard-D), Cicer arietinum (Gram-E), and Triticum aestivum (Wheat-F). The present study indicated that the concentration of Cu highest in the potato leaf (9.6 mg/kg), Arhar stem (9.6 mg/kg) and Gram leaves (8.8 mg/kg). The concentration of cupper was found toxic to human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration of nutrients specially cupper maximum in leaf of potato. These nutrients deficiencies in crop are not only hampering the crop productivity but also are deteriorating produce quality. High consumption of cereal based foods with low contents of nutrients is causing health hazards in humans. The contents of nutrients in food can be elevated either by supplementation, fortification or by agricultural strategies i.e., biofortification and nutrients containing fertilizers.
Assessment of herbaceous biomass: A study in Rowghat mining areas of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Jhariya M. K. , Kittur B. H. , Bargali S. S.
Published: January 2019

We studied Rowghat sites of Chhattisgarh, India, with the objective to assess herbaceous layer composition, biomass and to prepare management implications for conservation of ecologically sensitive species in mined areas. Ten sites (Anjrel, Khodgaon, Khadkagaon, Takrel, Rav Dongri, Tarhur, Godenmar Dongri, Parmad Dongri, Bhusujkun Dongri and Bedhiyar Nala) were selected for the study. We randomly placed quadrats of 1x1 m size in each site. A sum of 36 species distributed in 15 families were encountered in Rowghat mining site. The total density of all herbs was highest (724000) in Bhusujkun Dongri followed by Khadkagaon (678000), Rav Dongri (662000) and lowest was recorded from Godenmar Dongri (502000). The density of herbs across the study area ranged from 9,000 (D. ciliaris) to 2,50,000 (S. viridis) in the areas of Tarhur and Bediyar Nala. The herb species were unevenly distributed across mined areas. The Chlorophytum tuberosum and Cassia tora were recorded only from Tarkel and Godenmar Dongri sites, respectively. The total belowground biomass ranged between 0.097 t/ha in Godenmar Dongri to 0.18 t/ha in Rav Dongri. An ecological approach is must to restore the collieries. Protection of ecologically sensitive herbs is necessary. Prolonged ban on mining activity in Rowghat forest area is needed to restore degraded forest.
Chemical weed management in Brassica rapa var. yellow sarson
Authors: Das S. K.
Published: January 2019

Field experiments were conducted for three years at Pulses and Oilseeds Research Station, Berhampore, Murshidabad, West Bengal, India during rabi 2008, 2009 and 2010 to develop an efficient chemical weed management practice with newer herbicidal molecules in yellow sarson. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications having eleven treatments. Experimental results revealed that highest seed yield (1456 kg ha-1) was recorded under the treatment twice hand weeding and lowest with weedy check (910 kg ha-1). Twice hand weeding recorded 60% higher seed yield over weedy check. Application of chemical herbicides significantly improved the seed yield over W0 at 5% level of significance.. Among the chemical weed control measures, application of Pendimathalin @ 1 kg a.i./ha (PE) recorded highest seed yield (1320 kg ha-1) of yellow sarson, which was found at par with application of Pendimathalin @ 1.5 kg a.i./ha (PE), Fluchloralin @ 1.5 kg a.i/ha (PPI) and Clodinafop @ 0.06 kg a.i./ha ( 25-30 DAS). Chemical weed management practices increased the seed yield of yellow sarson by 25.3 to 45.1% over weedy check. Highest weed control efficiency (86.4%) was recorded with hand weeding twice. Significant reduction in the total weed density and total weed dry weight were found with the application of chemical herbicides at 5% level of significance. Among the chemical herbicides Pendimathalin @ 1 kg a.i./ha (PE) recorded highest weed control efficiency (81.7%). Chemical weed control measures increased the total microbial population by 26.5 to 89.4% over weedy check and 6.6 to 59.6% over twice hand weeding and thus proved to be environmentally safe and economic for managing weeds in yellow sarson.
Effect of different substrates and casing materials on growth and yield of Calocybe indica (P&C) in North Bengal, India
Authors: Chakraborty Bishwanath , Chakraborty Usha , Barman Shibu , Roy Somnath
Published: January 2019

Cultivation of Calocybe indica was undertaken with locally available substrates viz. paddy straw, maize stalk waste, bamboo leaves and young coconut fibre alone and various combinations with paddy straw + maize stalk (1:1 v/v), paddy straw+ saw dust (1:1 v/v), and paddy straw+ saw dust (1:2 v/v)and different casing materials suchas vermicompost, soil+ sand (1:1v/v), dried saw dust, hard paper (wet condition) and combination of tea waste+soil+ sand, saw dust +sand (1:1 v/v), tea waste+ sand (1:1 v/v) in paddy straw cultivating condition. Among the substrates, paddy straw was the best with 196.12 % biological efficiency (BE) followed by different substrate combinations but the bamboo leaves alone was recorded as substrate with lowest potential (84%) for cultivation. As casing material the spent mushroom compost (SMC) of Agaricus bisporus resulted in the highest biological efficiency (207%) followed by soil+ sand (196%), sand +saw dust (163%) but combination of tea waste+ soil + sand was inferior (151%). Saw dust gave the lowest (96.8%) biological efficiency. In conclusion the maximum biological efficiency of C. indica can be obtained by using paddy straw as a substrate encased with spent compost of button mushroom.
Resource use efficiency of maize production in Jammu Region of J & K State
Authors: Sharma Arti , Kachroo Jyoti , Bhat Anil , Kachroo Dileep , Peer Quadri Javeed Ahmad
Published: January 2019

Maize one of the important crops of rainfed agriculture is grown in low, mid and high hill altitudes. The study was conducted on resource use efficiency of maize production in Jammu Region of J&K state during the year 2007-08. Jammu region of state observed a positive trend for area but negative for yield of maize. In sampleddistricts, area under maize cultivation contributed positively in production but yield and interaction effect of both factors contributed negatively during the overall period of twenty years. The allocative efficiency was 0.014, 0.668, 1.019, 3.244 and 13.38 respectively for labour, capital, irrigation and fertilizers (N and K), respectively and the allocative efficiency of fertilizer (P) was negative (-1.732). Maximum likelihood estimates showed that the value of variance parameters lambda (Î») was 4.219 and that of sigma (Ïƒ) was 0.455, which were significantly different from zero indicating a good fit and the correctness of the distributional assumptions specified and the value of gamma ( Î³) was 0. 946 indicating 94 per cent of variation between the observed output and frontier output The estimated elasticities of the explanatory variables like labour (0.378), capital (0.336), irrigation (0.225), nitrogen (0.244) and potash (0.292) were positive while the value of phosphate (-0.383) was negative. The analysis of results showed that the returns to scale (RTS) was 1.092. Factors that affected on technical efficiency predicted the regression coefficient for education as 0.023 and farm size as 0.878 and for the proportion of female workers (0.062) in the family was also positively significant.
Response of bio-regulators to morphology and yield of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] under different sowing environments
Authors: Meena Hemraj , Meena Ram Swaroop , Rajput Bhalendra Singh , Kumar Sandeep
Published: January 2019

An experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2014, aims of the experiment were to investigate suitable sowing environment and bio-regulator and its effect on clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.), experimental treatments were applied foliar spray of thiourea (500, 1000 ppm) and salicylic acid (50, 100 ppm) at 45 and 60 days after sowing under normal (15 July) and late (30 July) sowing environments. Normal sowing performed well as compared to late sowing, in respect to all morphology and yield parameters. Amongst foliar spray, significantly higher plant height (100.17 cm), number of branches per plant (7.99), leaf area index (4.85), seed yield (9.19 q/ha) and harvest index (29.39) were recorded in foliar spray of thiourea 500 ppm as compared to all other bio-regulators spray level. Similarly, salicylic acid 100 ppm found statistically at par with thiourea 500 ppm foliar spray at 45 and 60 DAS. Impacts of climate change have significant reflections on clusterbean productivity. Sowing dates plays a vital role to determining the productivity of clusterbean with bio-regulators spray by controlling the environmental factors.
Seedling age and nitrogen application affect on dry matter accumulation, partitioning and nutrient status of rice under temperate conditions
Authors: Rasool Rubia , Singh Purshotam , Akhter Sabia , Ramzan Shazia
Published: January 2019

Rice is the most important crop at the global level, as it used as a staple food in most of the countries of the world. Transplanting aged seedlings of paddy has a detrimental effect on the crop performance, which needs to be overcome for sustaining the productivity. Leaf colour chart based nitrogen application is an efficient and economical tool for enhancing the rice productivity and nitrogen use efficiency. With this in mind, a field experiment was conducted during kharif 2011, at the Research Farm of SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar (Kashmir) to optimize the seedling age of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under late transplanting conditions and to assess the suitability of using leaf colour chart as a nitrogen management tool to improve the performance of rice. The experiment was established in Randomized Block Design, with three replicates, 3 seedling ages and 6 nitrogen application treatments. The analyses of data revealed that 35 days old seedling recorded significantly higher total dry matter accumulation and dry matter partitioning to panicle (8.2 t ha-1) and leaf (2.4 t ha-1); grain yield (7.4 t ha-1); N, P and K uptake (11.6, 3.1 and 11.3 kg ha-1, respectively) (p<0.05). Among nitrogen application treatments significantly higher dry matter accumulation; yield (8.6 t ha-1) and N, P and K uptake (14.1, 3.6 and 12.7 kgha-1, respectively) was found in ½ N as basal and remaining at LCC <4 @20 kg ha-1 (p<0.05). Age of seedling and time of nitrogen application did not affect N, P, K and protein content of grain and straw significantly (p>0.05). It is concluded that the yield of rice can be improved by transplanting 35-days old seedling under late transplanted conditions in temperate regions and by following LCC guided nitrogen management.
Land resource assessment for agricultural development in Seoni district (Madhya Pradesh), India
Authors: Bhaskar B. P. , Anantwar S. G. , Gaikwad S. S. , Bobade S. V.
Published: January 2019

The objective of land resource assessment for rainfed agridevelopment in tribal dominated Seoni ditrict, Madhya Pradesh was to assess the suitability of thrity soil mapping units for sorghum-cotton based systems in relation to fertility constraints and for enhancing crop productivity. The arability and suitability analysis showed that fifty six per cent of arable land is suitable for eleven land use systems. The twenty two per cent of arable basaltic lands in northen plateaus were evaluated as suitable for for citrus, sorghum and soybean cropping systems with limitations of low available nitrogen, phosphorus and zinc whereas in southern precipitous zone , fifteen per cent of granitic lands were evaluated as suitable for sorghum and cotton with limitations of stoniness, low water holding capacity, low status of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc and eighteen per cent of area in sagar and hirvi river valleys for rice, citrus, maize, sunflower and vegetables. Out of 44.6 per cent of nonarable land, thirty seven per cent of land was evaluated as suitable for forestry / grazing and 6.8 per cent for wild life.The study advocates agroecological zonation for maximum utilization of land resources for potential cropping systems in improving produvtivity and fertility management.
Germination and emergence of four rattan Calamus species of Western ghats in response to different pre-sowing seed treatments
Authors: Vidyasagaran K. , Jisha E. D. , Kumar Vikas
Published: January 2019

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of ten pre-sowing treatments on germination parameter of the four Calamus species in the nursery of College of Forestry, Vellanikkara. Most of the pre-sowing treatments of Calamus spp. gave better performance compared to the control. Complete removal of outer pericarp and sarcotesta of each seed manually (T2), Sulphuric acid treatment for 3-5 minutes after removing sarcotesta (T6) and Hot water treatment (500C) after removing sarcotesta for two minutes followed by soaking in water for 12 hours (T7) were found promising in all the species. The higher germination percentage (83.82, 89.96), mean daily germination (0.020, 3.39), peak value of germination (0.026, 3.45) and germination value (0.00041, 11.56) and was recorded for Calamus thwaitesii and C. metzianus in treatment with GA3 (T9) respectively. The maximum germination percentage (27.74), MDG (0.41), PVG (0.46) and GV (0.20) for C. hookerianus in T7 (Hot water treatment (500C) after removing sarcotesta for two minutes followed by soaking in water for 12 hours), and highest MDG (0.078), PVG (0.91) and GV (0.0065) for C. travancoricus in T5 (Sulphuric acid treatment for 3-5 minutes without removing sarcotesta). The present study reiterated that the pre-sowing treatments hold major scope in the propagation of rattan seedlings which usually could not germinate well under ordinary conditions due to dormancy.
Mycoparasitic capabilities of diverse native strain of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Authors: Prasad Lakshman , Chaudhary Sorabh , Sagar Sushma , Tomar Akash
Published: January 2019

The Fusarium wilt of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder and Hansen is recognised as one of the most devastating disease and major yield limiting factor in tomato growing regions worldwide. For eco-friendly and sustainable management of the disease, 19 Trichoderma native isolates belonging to 3 species of the genus, T. harzianum, T. asperellum and T. virens were evaluated in vitro against the pathogen using dual culture method. Out of 19 isolates, 8 isolates showed mycoparasitism, 8 isolates showed antibiosis and remaining showed lysis. Microscopic observations of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) growth in dual cultures revealed that growth inhibition occurred just before near to contact with the antagonist. All T. harzianum isolates tested exhibited coiling around the hyphae of FOL. Isolates of T. harzianum, showed good coiling and growth inhibition of the pathogen. The T. harzianum strains did not differ in coiling pattern and gave somewhat equal coiling performances. Strains of T. asperellum, showed coiling but the coiling pattern of all these strains was different. Only one strain of T. virens showed coiling out of 2 strains. Among them T. harzianum (SVPUTh91) showed the best performance in vitro as biological control agent against FOL followed by T. asperellum and T. virens, resulting in 83, 73 and 65% reduction in colony growth, respectively.
Production potential and economics of wheat, Triticum aestivum as influenced by different planting methods in Punjab, India
Authors: Sandhu Balkaran Singh , Dhaliwal Nirmaljit Singh , Sandhu Gurmail Singh
Published: January 2019

The burning of rice straw after rice harvest in the Rice-Wheat System can be overcome by direct seeding of wheat by in standing and loose rice straw. To find out the most appropriate method of wheat sowing after rice crop in Sri Muktsar Sahib district, a field experiment was conducted with five different sowing methods including zero tillage and happy seeder. Among the different planting methods maximum grain yield was obtained with the conventional (52.26 q/ha) and happy seeder without loose straw (51.93 q/ha) planting method as compared to happy seeder with loose straw (50.83 q/ha), zero tillage (49.80 q/ha) and conventional method with mulching (49.66 q/ha). However, the benefit-cost ratio was higher by happy seeder with (2.38:1) and without loose straw (2.35:1) as compared to zero tillage method (2.31:1) and conventional (2.14:1). Higher B:C ratio with happy seeder was also due to its lesser cost of cultivation as compared to conventional method of sowing. The higher net return obtained from happy seeder with and without loose straw Rs. 50104 and Rs. 51019/ha respectively as compared zero tillage method (Rs 48663/ha) and conventional tillage method (Rs. 49856/ha). Although the grain yield under conventional method of sowing was higher but it failed to produce higher net return and B:C ratio. Happy Seeder technology is a time savings, good option against burning of rice residue in Punjab.
Prospects of Citrus sinensis (masumbi) cultivation in Haryana State, India
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Shehrawat P. S. , Rohila Anil Kumar , Ghanghas B. S. , Kumar Ashok
Published: January 2019

The empirical study on prospects of Citrus sinensis cultivation by farmers indicated that overall prospects of masumbi (C. sinensis) crop were medium to high since 77.5% respondents belonged to these categories. Majority of respondents agreed that better market facilities (weighted mean score 2.72), increased purchasing power of people (2.65), better fruit quality (2.62), better economic return (2.53) and increase in demand of fruit were the major prospective aspects for its wider adoption (2.53), whereas better technical support (1.20) and better credit facilities (1.08) both were not up to the desired level as expressed by the farmers. So the government should make concerted efforts to further strengthen the highly prospective aspects like better marketing facilities, cultivars of better quality fruits at farm gate or village level. On the basis of result obtained, the prospects of masumbi (C. sinensis) cultivation may be high in future.
Constraints faced by farmers of Haryana state in adoption of masumbi (Citrus sinensis) cultivation
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Shehrawat P. S. , Rohila Anil Kumar , Ghanghas B. S. , Kumar Ashok
Published: January 2019

The study focused on the constraints faced by farmers of Haryana state in adoption of masumbi (Citrus sinensis) cultivation. The study was conducted in Bhiwani district. The constraints as perceived by the respondents were measured by the scores on the basis of magnitude of the problems. Constraints were categorized into inputs, marketing, production, technical and psychologicalconstraints. While analyzing overall constraints as perceived by farmers the findings revealed that high price of insecticides/pesticides (weighted mean score 2.25), non-availability of inputs at proper time (1.13), absence of agro-processing units (2.05), no support price (1.86), aberrant climatic conditions (1.99), unawareness about proper and balanced fertilizer application and time of application (1.99), lack of guidance of post-harvest technology (1.95), lack of knowledge of current advances in fruit cultivation (1.34), longer time taken in fruit bearing (1.51) and orchard maintenance(1.34) etc. were major constraints faced by the farmers.
Development of carp fish culture practice under different stocking densities in mid hills of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Mehta K.S. , Khati Akansha , Danish Mohd , Singh V.K. , Bisht H.C.S.
Published: January 2019

The present study was undertaken in order to standardise the stocking density values of carps fishes for sustainable fisheries development in mid hills and enhancing the fish production. The paper deals with growth performance of 3 exotic fish species in low stocking density i.e. 3 fish/m3 over high stocking density of 5 fish/m3 and 10 fish/m3 in the control pond. The net production was 12.6% higher with stocking density of 3 fish/m3. Among the both tested density, the combination of 30: 40: 30 was superior (45.6%) in terms of growth and production in comparison to the other combinations and control. In present study, the highest production as 57.13kg/100m2 (5713 kg/ha.) was achieved in the stocking ratio of 30:40:30 with stocking density of 3 fish/m3. It is 4.7% higher of the combination of 40:30:30 and 4% higher than the combination of 30: 30: 40. It is 12.6% higher than the stocking density of 5 fish/m3 and 48.5% higher than the stocking density of 10 fish /m3. The growth pattern reflected the slow growth during the winter months, reflected the direct negative effect of water temperature on the growth. The production level of existing practice of the farmers may be enhanced up to 1.5 times with proper stocking density i.e. 3 fish/m3 and perfect species combination i.e. 30: 40: 30 for silver carp, grass carp and common carp respectively.
Morphological, cultural and pathogenic variability in Alternaria brassicae, the causing agent of black spot of rapeseed and mustard
Authors: Bhatiya B. S. , Bisht K. S. , Rautela Pankaj , Awasthi R. P.
Published: January 2019

The study on pathogenic diversity of twenty isolates of Alternaria brassicae collected from different locations of Uttarakhand and Central Uttar Pradesh infecting Brassica species (Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea and Eruca sativa) revealed that there was a distinct difference among isolates in terms of mycelial growth, spore length, width, spore beak length and width. The average spore length varied from 21.23?m to 38.13?m with minimum of isolate AUA-19, AUA-43 i.e 21.23?m and maximum of AUA-47 i.e. 38.13?m . The isolates tested on Brassica juncea var.Varuna in green house conditions revealed that all the twenty isolates behaved differently. Among all the isolates, Brassica juncea isolates i.e. AUA-25, AUA-39, AUA-41, AUA-47, AUA-19, AUA-24, AUA-22, AUA-21, AUA-31, AUA-43 and AUA-45 from Uttarakhand, and AUP-29 from Central Uttar Pradesh can be grouped into highly pathogenic with range of Alternaria spot size i.e. 5.03-8.30mm in diameter, while isolate of Eruca sativa i.e. AUA-38 was found least pathogenic with 1.63mm in dia. and eight isolates AUA-18, AUA-20, AUA-23, AUP-28, AUA-32, AUA-33 and AUA-36 were found moderately pathogenic. This study will be useful in developing integrated management strategies of Alternaria leaf spot and breeding programs of oilseed crops (Brassica sp.).
Mungbean yield and nutrient uptake performance in response of NPK and lime levels under acid soil in Vindhyan region, India
Authors: Meena Ram Swaroop , Varma Dinesh
Published: January 2019

A field experiment was conducted to understanding the management of soil acidity with NPK and lime levels for sustainable mungbean productivity, Crop was sown during kharif season of 2014at Agronomy farm of Rajiv Gandhi South Campus Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh. Results of the study demonstrated that significant improvement in seed (524 kg /ha), straw (1426 kg /ha), biological yield (1949 kg/ha) and total NPK uptake (96.68 kg/ha) were recorded in 100% RDF. Similar results were observed with application of 200 kg lime/ha in mungbean. Interaction effect was also recorded at P=0.05 level of significance between fertility and lime levels on mungbean seed (622 kg/ha) and biological (2145kg/ha) yield with 100 % RDF + 200 kg lime/ha which were observed highest than all other treatments. Moreover, highest B:C ratio was observed with the application of 200 kg lime/ha. The present study revealed that soil acidity problems affecting pulses productivity, can be overcome with applications of 100% RDF and 200 kg lime/ha in Vindhyan region, India.
Identification of bacterial pathogen associated with red stripe/top rot disease of sugarcane in Punjab, India
Authors: Yonzone R. , Kumar B. , Singh P.P. , Hunjan M.S. , Das B.
Published: January 2019

This study was aim to identify the pathogen associated with the red stripe/top rot disease. The isolates were collected from major sugarcane growing districts of Punjab. Molecular identification of the pathogen was carried out to confirm the associated organism with this disease. Of the different sets of specific PCR based molecular markers were used, primer sets SeQ1 (Aaa) and SeQ2 (Aaa) amplified the expected 550bp of ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region of the rDNA which revealed the pathogen as Acidovorax avenae pv. avenae, whereas the primer set Aaaf3 and Aaar2 are specific to strains that infect rice crop did not amplify any fragment. Our studies confirmed Acidovorax avenae pv. avenae as the causal bacterium associated with the red stripe/top rot of sugarcane in Punjab.
Wild edible fruit tree resources of Arunachal Pradesh, North East India
Authors: Lyngdoh N. , Piloo Ng , Gab Tape , Kumar Mukul , Pandey A.K.
Published: January 2019

The paper reports on the survey of wild edible fruit trees covering 49 sites from 17 districts of Arunachal Pradesh, India. A total of 52 wild edible fruits species representing 33 families was reported, out of which 10 had medicinal uses. The highest number of wild edible fruits belonged to family Moraceae (9 spp.) followed by Anacardiaceae (4 spp.) and Actinidiaceae (3 spp.). More than half the fruits (66.67%) are available during the monsoon season, i.e. between June and October. Dilenia indica, Castanopsis indica, Canarium strictum, Terminalia citrina, Phoebe cooperiana, Phyllanthus emblica and Artocarpus intergifolia are the commonly traded fruits. This is perhaps the only extensive survey which has so far been carried out on wild edible fruit tree resources covering all the districts of Arunachal Pradesh. In the present era where there is global interest on bioresource documentation, this study is significant for securing intellectual property right and preventing biopiracy.
Morphological variation in an anopthalmic specimen of Sperata seenghala (Sykes, 1839) from Brahmaputra River, Assam, India
Authors: Barman Jyotish , Jaiswar A.K. , Chakraborty S.K. , Bhattacharjya B.K. , Gopalkrishna Gopalkrishna
Published: January 2019

The present investigation reports the variation observed in morphological traits of an anopthalmic specimen of Sperata seenghala (Sykes, 1839) (168.9 mm in standard length) from Assam. Thirty morphometric and six meristic characters of the abnormal specimen were studied and compared with normal specimens to observe variation in the morpho-meristic traits, if any. The proportionate pre-pectoral length (28.5 mm), length of dorsal fin base (15.0 mm), pelvic fin length (15.5 mm), distance between urino-genital openings and anal fin base (14.0 mm) and body depth at pectoral fin base (12.0 mm) of the abnormal specimen was found to be higher compared to that of the normal specimens (23.8 – 26.5 mm; 12.2 – 14.1 mm; 11.1 – 14.7 mm; 10.9 – 12.4 mm and 8.9 – 9.9 mm, respectively); while the dorsal to adiposedistance (12.8 mm) and body width at cleithrum (41.5 mm) was lower than the normal specimens (13.7 – 16.7 mm and 44.0 – 50.0 mm, respectively). No marked variation was observed in the meristic characters. Pollution due to urban runoff, sewage discharge and oil spill from inland water transport facilities adversely affecting the river water quality could be the reason for such deformity. The overall growth performance of the fish does not seem to be affected by these anomalies.
Plethora (Novaluron + Indoxacarb) insecticide for the management of tomato fruit borer complex
Authors: Ghosal Abhijit , Dolai Ashim Kumar , Chatterjee Monilal
Published: January 2019

During the past three decades, efforts have been made to reduce the risk of human exposure to pesticides specially insecticides. There is a great demand for safer and more selective insecticides that spare natural enemies and non target organisms. The present investigation was conducted during rabi season 2009 and 2010, to test the effectiveness of recently developed new ready mix insecticide Plethora (Novaluron 5.25 %+ Indoxacarb 4.5% SC) along with other insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera Hub and Spodoptera litura Fab. infesting tomato. It is observed that Plethora @ 875 ml/ha recorded only 3.75% fruit damage, while in control plot it was 45.6%. Though highest cost benefit ratio (1:6.17) was obtained when Plethora was applied at 825 ml/ha. Independently novaluron performed well specially against S. litura and indoxacarb showed better performance against H. armigera but lamda-cyhalothrin expressed comparatively lower performance than other selected insecticides which received 28.30% fruit infestation.
Evaluation of the performance of gum guar varieties in north eastern Karnataka, India
Authors: Arunkumar B. , Viswanatha K. P. , Fakruddin Baba , Krishnamurthy D.
Published: January 2019

The climatic situation in north eastern parts of Karnataka (except Bidar district) is almost similar to that of Rajastan. There is considerable area under rainfed situations and guar being a highly drought and temperature tolerant summer annual legume crop, there is hope for guar as an alternate and contingent crop during drought year in this region. With this objective effort were made to introduce, evaluate and to identify suitable gum guar varieties for North eastern parts of Karnataka. Ten gum guar varieties developed, released and cultivated in Rajasthan, Haryana and Gujarat state were evaluated in Agricultural Research Stations (ARS) located in Bidar, Gulbarga, Yadgiri, Bellary and Raichur districts of Karnataka during Kharif 2013-14. At Bidar, the top entry with respect to yield was HG-884 (679.00 Kg/ Ha), Variety RGC-1031 (793.00 Kg/Ha) performed well with respect to seed yield in Gulbarga district. Genotypes GAUG-13 (614.00 Kg/Ha) and RGC-986 (501.00 Kg/Ha) recorded higher seed yield respectively, in Bellary and Yadgiri district. At Raichur GAUG-13, recorded highest seed yield of 1432.00 Kg/Ha. Over the locations genotype GAUG-13 recorded highest seed yield of 759.00 Kg/Ha followed by HG-884 (700.40 Kg/Ha) and RGC-986 (696.60 Kg/Ha). The varieties tested exhibited considerable significance differences among themselves at four locations, except at one location (Agricultural Research Station, Bheemarayanagudi, Yadgir district). Variety GAUG-13, recorded highest seed yield over three locations indicating its wider adaptability.
Evaluation of synergistic potential of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria with Rhizobium in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Kaur Satveer , Khanna Veena
Published: January 2019

A pot experiment was conducted in glass house at PAU research farm, Ludhiana, Punjab, India to evaluate effect of co-inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria with Rhizobium on mungbean productivity. Coinoculation showed a significant increase at 5% in nodule number, nodule dry weight, shoot and root dry and fresh weight, plant length, no. of pods, chlorophyll and leghaemoglobin content, over Rhizobium alone. Application of PGPRs R-4, R-6, S-5, S-9 and S-11 along with Rhizobium further enhanced the grain yield over Rhizobium inoculation alone. Rizobacterial isolates R-6 and S-11 co-inoculated with Rhizobium showed better result than other isolates.These plant beneficial rhizobacteria may decrease the global dependence on various hazardous agricultural chemicals used in mungbean.
Optimization of the choice of molecular markers for identification of commercially used rice varieties in India using rapid DNA extraction protocol
Authors: Kole Pravas Ranjan , Rana Rajeev Singh , Bhat Kangila Venkataramana
Published: January 2019

The present investigating aimed at the development of molecular marker for cultivar identification and genetic purity assessment. A total of four SSR markers and six SRAP primer were developed for the identification of sixteen different commercial varieties of rice. Traditional practice like grow-out-test based on morphological traits is time consuming and sometimes environmentally influenced. After development of molecular marker, it is using as an alternative to grow –out –test because of its rapid, accurate detection. We have assessed the potential of simple sequence repeat and sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers in distinguishing rice varieties and four simple sequence repeat markers namely CT-14, CT-25 CT XY-1 and ATC-3 and six sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers primers could be clearly distinguished sixteen commercially cultivar rice varieties. In addition to single markers, it’s better to try with marker combinations, which were amenable for PCR and capable of distinguishing the varieties. Larger differences for each crop were found between cultivers from different seed companies than within the same company. These DNA markers can provide an easier and faster reliable genetic identification of rice cultivars.
Molecular characterization of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes using sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers
Authors: Bakshi Achala , Kumar Vinay , Sagar Sushma , Chaudhary Sorabh , Kumar Rajendra , Kumar Mukesh
Published: January 2019

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) commonly also known as gram, Chana, Bengal gram and Garbanzo beans is the second most important pulse crop of the world mainly grown in arid and semi-arid regions. Assessment of genetic variability in the base population is the first step in any breeding programme for selection of genetically divergent parents and their use in the crop improvement programme. In the present investigation 20 genotypes of chickpea were characterized using a specific set of 15 numbers of Sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers. The number of alleles, allelic distribution and their frequency was estimated and found that the 36 alleles amplified with 15 STMS loci having an average of 2.4 alleles per locus. The number of alleles amplified varied from 1 to 4. The Polymorphic information content value ranged from 0 to 0.965 with an average of 0.373 indicated the considerable efficiency of markers for studying the polymorphism level. All primer showed higher polymorphism among the genotypes except two primers namely, TAA59 and GA105 which were monomorphic in nature. Genetic similarity based on UPGMA clustering the dendrogram grouped the 20 genotypes in three clusters, cluster I, II, III comprised of 2, 4, 14 genotypes, respectively. The maximum similarity was found between genotypes ICRISAT-4183 and ICRISAT- 7722 (0.972). The present study provided an insight of the inter-relationship among the genotypes and highlights the genetic distance by STMS markers. The genetic diversity revealed in this study could be exploited for selective breeding programme of chickpea improvement.
Status, abundance and population ecology of Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus Pallas) in Aligarh District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Khan Khursid A. , Khan Jamal A.
Published: January 2019

The data on population ecology of nilgai was collected in Aligarh District, Uttar Pradesh, India from August 2013 to June 2014. A total of 108 herds of nilgai 54 in each season (summer and winter) were encountered, respectively. The density of nilgai was found 0.49/km2 in Aligarh district. While the encounter rate was found 0.66individuals per km. There was a mark seasonal change seen in group size of nilgai i.e. 11.38 ± 2.76, and 22.83 ± 5.40 in winter and summer, respectively. The overall mean group size was found 17.10 ± 4.08. The sex ratio of nilgai was female biased, adult male:adult female ratio was found 1:3 while overall sex ratio was found 61.55%,26.32% and 44% male, yearling and calves on per 100 females, respectively. The nilgai shows mark seasonal change in their group structure. The group size was found maximum at 25% in 0-5 individual category and minimum 9.25 in >21 category in winter, while about 30% were seen in >21 category and only 11% were seen in between 0-5 category in summer season. Thus, the nilgai was found less sociable in winter and more gregarious in summer season.
“There Would Be No Lynching If It Did Not Start in the Schoolroom”: Carter G. Woodson andthe Occasionof Negro History Week, 1926–1950
Authors: Givens Jarvis R.
Published: January 2019

This article analyzes Carter G. Woodson’s iconic Negro History Week and its impact on Black schools during Jim Crow. Negro History Week introduced knowledge on Afro-diasporic history and culture to schools around the country. As a result of teachers’ grassroots organizing, it became a cultural norm in Black schools by the end of the 1930s. This program reflected Woodson’s critique that anti-Black ideas in school knowledge were inextricably linked to the violence Black people experienced in the material world. Thus, he worked to construct a new system of knowledge altogether. Negro History Week engaged students in this counterhegemonic knowledge through performances grounded in Black formalism and an invigorated Black aesthetic, facilitating what I have come to call “embodied learning.”
Kedudukan Akta Otentik dalam Hubungannya dengan Hak Konstitusional Warga Negara
Authors: Iryadi Irfan
Published: January 2019

Akta otentik memiliki kedudukan yang sangat penting dalam lalu lintas kehidupan masyarakat, namun banyak orang yang tidak paham mengenai kedudukan akta otentik itu sendiri. Oleh sebab itu, munculnya tulisan pendek ini sebagai upaya untuk mengulas dua persoalan utama, yakni bagaimana kedudukan akta otentik serta hubungan antara akta otentik dengan hak warga negara di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan undang-undang serta pendekatan konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akta notaris sebagai produk pejabat publik mempunyai kedudukan yang sangat kuat di Indonesia oleh karena model penyusunan akta itu sangatlah legalistik. Hal itu dilakukan demi mewujudkan hak warga negara atas kepastian hukum dan keadilan. Dengan demikian, pembuatan akta otentik sangat erat juga hubungannya dengan hak konstitusional warga negara.Authentic deeds have a very important position in the traffic of people's lives, but many people do not understand the position of the authentic deed itself. Therefore, the emergence of this short article as an effort to review two main issues, namely how the position of authentic deeds and the relationship between authentic deeds and the rights of citizens in Indonesia. This paper is carried out by referring to the type of normative legal research with the statute approach and conceptual approach and analyzed descriptively. Through this paper it has been found that the notary deed as a product of public officials has a very strong position in Indonesia because the deed compilation model is very legalistic. This is done to realize the right of citizens to legal certainty and justice. Thus, the making of authentic deeds is very closely related to the constitutional rights of citizens.
Zekâ Yapay Ama Aşk Doğal: Bilim Kurgu Sinemasında Yapay Zekâ- İnsan Aşkının Temsili
Authors: YILMAZ Mehmet , TURAN Nefise Sinem
Published: January 2019

Sinemada
bir tür olarak “bilim kurgu” çatısı altında toplanabilecek birçok alt başlık
bulunmaktadır. Dünya dışı varlıklar, dünya ile ilgili felaket senaryoları,
distopyalar ve zaman yolculukları gibi çeşitli konularla seyircinin hayal gücünün
sınırlarını zorlayan bilim kurgu sineması, günümüz yüksek teknolojileri
içerisinde önemli bir gelişim potansiyeli ve geleceğe sahip olan yapay zekâlar
ile de seyirciyi buluşturmuştur. İlerici bir bakış açısı sunma misyonu yüklenen
bilim kurgu sineması, yapay zekâ ve insan arasındaki etkileşimin varabileceği
boyutlar ile ilgili ipuçlarını da barındırmaktadır.

Yapay
zekâlar; ilk günden bugüne farklı biçimlerde bilim kurgu sinemasında kendine
yer bulurken genellikle korku ile anılmış, kontrol edilemez gelişmelerinin
insanlığın sonunu getirme ihtimali ise korkunun ana kaynağı olmuştur. Ancak
sinemada yapay zekâlar sadece insanlarla düşmanlık yaşarken temsil
edilmemiştir. Yapay zekâ ve insan etkileşiminde “aşk” gibi çok
derinlikli ve sınırları çizilemeyen bir duygunun işlenmesi söz konusu olmuştur.
Bu anlamda insana dair olduğu düşünülen aşk duygusunun yapay zekâ ile
paylaşılması altında yatan nedenler araştırılmaya değer görülmektedir.

Özellikle
son yıllarda bilim kurgu sineması içerisinde insanların, yapay zekâlar ile aşk
ilişkisi içinde olduğu film örneklerine sıkça rastlanmaktadır. Çalışmada, yapay
zekâ insan etkileşiminde “aşk”ın nasıl ele alındığının farklı boyutları ile
betimlenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Örneklemini 2010 yılı sonrasına ait The Machine
(2013), Ex Machina (2014) ve Uncanny (2015) adlı filmlerin oluşturduğu
çalışmada; yapay zekâ ve insan arasındaki aşkın sinemada ne şekilde yer aldığı
“aşk ve cinsellik”, “teknoloji ve bilim”, “yalnızlık”, “beden”, “öğrenme”,
“şiddet”, “gerçek ve yalan”, “gözetim”, “yaratıcı”, “ölüm ve doğum” ortak
temaları üzerinden tematik film analizi ile değerlendirilmek istenmektedir.
TRI HAMSAH_165100084_DELPHI_QUIZ BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Trihamsah
Published: January 2019

TRI HAMSAH_165100084_DELPHI_QUIZ BAHASA INGGRISThe success of a management information system (SIM) is greatly influenced by the database system which is one of the constituent elements of the system