bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Like we definitely have to go greener, but…’: Analysing affective–discursive practices in populist environmental discourse
Authors: Tormis Helenor , Pettersson Katarina , Sakki Inari
Published: February 2024

Previous studies on environmental issues in right‐wing populism have mostly focused on political actors and their argumentation. In contrast, this study examines environmental populist discourse from the perspective of laypeople in Finland. We used interviews (n = 25) to analyse affective–discursive practices in environmental talk, identifying four partly interrelated practices: belittling the ‘annoying liberals’, constructing the ordinary rural people as victims, externalizing blame to the ‘real’ polluters, and glorifying Finnish nature. These practices shed light on subject positions, affect, and functions in environmental discourse. Our contributions to the field of social psychology are threefold. First, we apply an affective–discursive approach in a novel context, deepening our understanding of affect in environmental populism. Second, we explore the nuanced features of populist reasoning and argumentation, shedding light on the functions and social implications of populist environmental discourse. Third, our analysis of identities and the discourse of laypeople provides insights into the dynamics that contribute to the polarization around environmental issues in society. We argue that the sceptical environmental discourse associated with right‐wing populism may persist precisely due to the affective and polarized nature of environmental issues.
Initiation and evolution of systemic innovations: Patterns and interactions in the emergence of additive manufacturing technologies
Authors: Luomaranta Toni , Martinsuo Miia , Ortt Roland
Published: February 2024

Technological innovations are becoming increasingly systemic in the complex and interconnected world. The initiation and evolution of systemic innovations take time and include numerous challenges, and the mechanisms through which systemic innovations emerge in the interaction between different technologies represent a research gap. This paper explores the emergence of ceramic additive manufacturing as an example of a systemic manufacturing technology innovation. We implemented an event history analysis of four ceramic‐material additive manufacturing technologies. We traced the initiation and evolution paths of each of the four technologies over time and showed a pattern of activities within and across the technologies. The study contributes by revealing that systemic innovations emerge as a result of parallel and sequential development paths of within‐technology system components as well as the interaction between multiple technologies. The timing of the coalescing development paths of the system components and technologies appears crucial but serendipitous instead of coordinated. The findings open new pathways for speeding up the emergence of systemic innovations and forthcoming research to support the evolution of additive manufacturing.
Sinigrin improves cerebral ischaemia‐reperfusion injury by inhibiting the TLR4 pathway‐mediated oxidative stress
Authors: Guo Shenglong , Lei Qi , Yang Qian , Chen Ruili
Published: February 2024

Cerebral ischaemia‐reperfusion (CIR) injury occurs in stroke patients after the restoration of cerebral perfusion. Sinigrin, a phytochemical found in cruciferous vegetables, exhibits strong antioxidant activity. This study investigated the role of sinigrin in oxidative stress using a CIR injury model. The effects of sinigrin were studied in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats and oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)‐injured SH‐SY5Y cells. Sinigrin treatment improved brain injury and neurological deficits induced by MCAO surgery in rats. Sinigrin inhibited apoptosis in brain tissues and SH‐SY5Y cells following OGD/R induction. Additionally, sinigrin elevated the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, sinigrin inhibited the toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signalling pathway. The anti‐apoptotic and antioxidant activities of sinigrin in OGD/R‐injured SH‐SY5Y cells were reversed by TLR4 overexpression. In conclusion, sinigrin inhibits oxidative stress in CIR injury by suppressing the TLR4/MyD88 signalling pathway.
Phosphorylation of PBK at Thr9 by CDK5 correlates with invasion of prolactinomas
Authors: Fang Qiuyue , Liu Changxiaofeng , Nie Ding , Guo Jing , Xie Weiyan , Zhang Yazhuo
Published: February 2024

Context

Prolactinomas are the most prevalent functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), and they are invasive to surrounding anatomic structures. The detailed mechanisms of invasion are not yet clear.

Objective

We explored the role of PBK phosphorylation in the proliferation and invasion of prolactinomas and its possible mechanism.

Results

We report that PBK directly binds to and is phosphorylated at Thr9 by cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), which promotes GH3 cell EMT progression and proliferation. Phosphorylation of PBK at Thr9 (pPBK‐T9) by CDK5 enhances the stability of PBK. p38 is one of the downstream targets of PBK, and its phosphorylation is reduced as pPBK‐T9 increases in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we found that pPBK‐T9 is highly expressed in invasive PitNETs and was significantly correlated with invasion by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Conclusions

Phosphorylation of PBK at Thr9 by CDK5 promotes cell proliferation and EMT progression in prolactinomas.
Same day discharge colon surgery: is it financially worth it?
Authors: Curfman Karleigh R. , Blair Gabrielle E. , Kosnik Callan L. , Pille Sunshine A. , Parsons Michael E. , Shah Chirag A. , Neighorn Christopher C. , Rashidi Laila
Published: February 2024

Aim

Same day discharge (SDD) for colorectal surgery shows increasing promise in the era of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols and minimally invasive surgery. It has become increasingly relevant due to the constraints posed by the COVID‐19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to compare SDD and postoperative day 1 (POD1) discharge to understand the clinical outcomes and financial impact on factors such as cost, charge, revenue, contribution margin and readmission.

Method

A retrospective review of colectomies was performed at a single institution over a 2‐year period (n = 143). Two populations were identified: SDD (n = 51) and POD1 (n = 92). Patients were selected by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems‐10 (ICD‐10) and Diagnosis Related Grouper (DRG) codes.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference favouring SDD in total hospital cost (p < 0.0001), average direct costs (p < 0.0001) and average charges (p < 0.0016). SDD average hospital costs were $8699 (values in USD throughout) compared with $11 652 for POD 1 (p < 0.0001), and average SDD hospital charges were $85 506 compared with $97 008 for POD1 (p < 0.0016). The net revenue for SDD was $22 319 while for POD1 it was $26 173 (p = 0.14). Upon comparison of contribution margins (SDD $13 620 vs. POD1 $14 522), the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.73). There were no identified statistically significant differences in operating room time, robotic console time, readmission rates or surgical complications.

Conclusions

Amidst the pandemic‐related constraints, we found that SDD was associated with lower hospital costs and comparable contribution margins compared with POD1. Additionally, the study was unable to identify any significant difference between operating time, readmissions, and surgical complications when performing SDD.
US wildlife trade data lack quality control necessary for accurate scientific interpretation and policy application
Authors: Weissgold Bruce J.
Published: February 2024

International wildlife trade data are frequently used by government agencies, conservation organizations, and scientific researchers to study and protect species from overexploitation and prevent the spread of invasive species and introduction of zoonotic pathogens. Inaccurate data can lead to mistaken conclusions by researchers, the development of unsuccessful remedial conservation actions, and provide government officials with incorrect views of detrimental trade. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) maintains the world's most comprehensive national dataset of legal and illegal international wildlife trade recorded by individual shipments and species in its Law Enforcement Management Information System (LEMIS). Although the importance of LEMIS data is not to be understated, the errors and inconsistencies contained therein have not previously been adequately recognized or studied. Based on firsthand experiences with the creation and application of LEMIS data, this manuscript describes a variety of errors, biases, omissions, and an overall lack of data quality assurance. An independent audit of the LEMIS wildlife trade database and the service's policies, procedures, and protocols for managing this system is needed. Additional recommendations are also offered to develop better management standards and bring greater resources for managing LEMIS, asking the nongovernmental organization and intergovernmental organization user communities to play a role.
Motor abilities in adults born with very low birthweight: A study of two birth cohorts from Finland and Norway
Authors: Benum Silje D. , Aakvik Kristina A. D. , Jørgensen Anna P. M. , Jussinniemi Laura , Kulmala Maarit , Vollsæter Maria , Kajantie Eero , Evensen Kari Anne I.
Published: February 2024

Aim

To compare overall, fine, and gross motor abilities in adults born preterm with very low birthweight (VLBW) and a control group of term‐born individuals.

Method

In a joint assessment of the Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults and NTNU Low Birth Weight in a Lifetime Perspective study, data were collected with harmonized methods for 118 adults born preterm (gestational age < 37 weeks) with VLBW (≤1500 g) and 147 control individuals. The primary outcome was overall motor abilities; secondary outcomes were fine and gross motor abilities.

Results

The Bruininks Motor Ability Test Short Form total score was 4.1 (95% confidence interval 2.7–6.0) points lower in adults born with VLBW than in the control group, adjusted for cohort, age, and sex. This was partly mediated by their shorter height. They also had lower scores for other fine and gross motor tests. Results were similar when participants with neurosensory impairment were excluded, and when we adjusted for additional covariates.

Interpretation

Adults born preterm with VLBW had poorer overall, fine, and gross motor abilities than adults born at term. This indicates that substantial difficulties in motor function among individuals born preterm with VLBW persist into mid‐adulthood.
Unveiling Transformation: Engaging Objects for Eco‐Social Justice in Design Education
Authors: Zhang Lezhi Crystal
Published: February 2024

Curriculum design, by its nature, is transformative, molding a progressive and adaptive learning journey.

It's clear that climate action and social justice are issues that will require our attention now and in the future. Incorporating object‐based and transformative learning into higher education curricula can lead to the transformative understanding required to tackle these problems.
Culture, Love, and Graphic Design
Authors: Green Daniel
Published: February 2024

Graphic design's reputation for ephemerality belies its ability to lend substantial physical form to a culture, whether positive or toxic.

Graphic design has always told our stories, but what does it have to do with culture or love? A graphic designer shares his views about the relationship so that it can continue to play this role, in a more expansive way, well into the future.
Use of the modified Schirmer test to measure salivary gland hypofunction/hyposalivation: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Schoppmeier Christoph Matthias , Janson Malin , Höfer Karolin , Graf Isabelle , Wicht Michael Jochen , Barbe Anna Greta
Published: February 2024

Although dry mouth is a relatively common condition, salivary flow is not routinely measured in dental clinical practice. Moreover, existing data regarding the use of the modified Schirmer test (MST) for the screening of dry mouth has not been summarized. This systematic review and meta‐analysis, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, aimed to determine whether the modified Schirmer test can be used to identify dry mouth. The databases of PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and CENTRAL (CRD42023393843) were systematically searched to retrieve articles published until 9th November 2023. Among the 343 original articles retrieved, six met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1150 patients, comprising 710 (61.7%) women and 440 (38.3%) men (mean age, 47.1 ± 7.3 years), were included. The meta‐analysis revealed a weak correlation coefficient of  = 0.42 (95% Cl: 0.29–0.55) between MST and the unstimulated salivary flow rate. Therefore, while the MST might offer a simple and accessible alternative for initial screening in the future, especially in non‐specialized settings, its variability in sensitivity and specificity, along with an actual lack of standardization, necessitates cautious interpretation. Further studies are necessary before recommending the test in clinical routine.
Concurrent Streptococcus equi subsp. equi infection, purpura haemorrhagica and immune‐mediated myositis in a Quarter Horse filly
Authors: Hepworth‐Warren Kate L. , Young Kimberly A. S. , Armwood Abigail , Roessner Holly , Veerasammy Brittany
Published: February 2024

This report describes a 2‐year‐old Quarter Horse filly that was diagnosed with concurrent Streptococcus equi subsp. equi infection, purpura haemorrhagica, and immune‐mediated myositis. The filly was presented for evaluation of fever of unknown origin, rapid weight loss and inappetence after exposure to strangles that was initially unknown. Over the course of hospitalisation the filly developed mandibular lymphadenopathy, guttural pouch empyema, and mucosal petechiation and ecchymoses. The presence of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi was confirmed via PCR and culture of a lymph node aspirate and biopsies of the skin confirmed leukocytoclastic vasculitis, consistent with purpura haemorrhagica. Genetic testing confirmed that the filly had one copy of the MYH1 mutation (N/My). Following therapy with systemic corticosteroids, plasma transfusion and antimicrobial therapy the filly improved and was discharged. Communication with the owner 11 months later confirmed that filly appeared healthy but remained poorly muscled. This report is the first to the authors' knowledge describing concurrent Streptococcus equi subsp. equi infection, purpura haemorrhagica, and immune‐mediated myositis.
Patterns of ketamine use among people with substance use disorder in France: Multisource analysis of the data from the French Addictovigilance Network
Authors: Gandolfo Pauline , Soeiro Thomas , Jouve Élisabeth , Revol Bruno , Daveluy Amélie , Bertin Célian , Eiden Céline , Gibaja Valérie , Chaouachi Leila , Pérault‐Pochat Marie‐Christine , Chevallier Cécile , Aquizérate Aurélie , Le Boisselier Reynald , Carton Louise , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Frauger Élisabeth , Lacroix Clémence , Micallef Joëlle
Published: February 2024

Background

Due to its psychoactive effects, ketamine has become a drug used for non‐medical purpose.

Objectives

To assess the latest trends in ketamine use among people with substance use disorder and to characterize its clinical complications using complementary health data sources of the French Addictovigilance Network.

Methods

First, we extracted all reports involving ketamine from 2012 to 2021 from the database of the OPPIDUM program (i.e., a multicentric program conducted in collaboration with hundreds of substance abuse treatment facilities that collects data on drugs used by subjects with substance use disorders). We described the reports globally and the changes from 2012 to 2021. Second, we extracted all cases involving ketamine from July 2020 to December 2022 from the French National Pharmacovigilance Database (BNPV). We identified the cases related to ketamine use among people with substance use disorder and described them.

Results

There was a 2.5‐fold increase in the number of ketamine users with substance use disorder in the OPPIDUM program, from 35 (0.7%) subjects in 2012 to 89 (1.7%) subjects in 2021. There was an increase in the proportion of subjects who were daily users, had distress upon discontinuation, and presented addiction. There were 238 cases related to ketamine use among people with substance use disorder in the French National Pharmacovigilance Database from July 2020 to December 2022. Among them, 94 (39.5%) cases involved ketamine use disorder, 20 (8.4%) cases involved urinary tract and kidney symptoms, and 13 (5.5%) cases involved hepatobiliary symptoms.

Conclusion

The trend observed over 10 years reflects the growth in ketamine use among people with substance use disorder, although it does not allow to estimate the rates of non‐medical use of ketamine in the general population. Ketamine‐induced uropathy and cholangiopathy are reported in ketamine users with substance use disorder, especially in case of repeated and/or prolonged use of high doses.
Shortening fire return interval predisposes west‐central Canadian boreal peatlands to more rapid vegetation growth and transition to forest cover
Authors: Jones Emily Ann , Chasmer Laura Elizabeth , Devito Kevin John , Hopkinson Christopher Dennis
Published: February 2024

Climate change in northern latitudes is increasing the vulnerability of peatlands and the riparian transition zones between peatlands and upland forests (referred to as ecotones) to greater frequency of wildland fires. We examined early post‐fire vegetation regeneration following the 2011 Utikuma complex fire (central Alberta, Canada). This study examined 779 peatlands and adjacent ecotones, covering an area of ~182 km2. Based on the known regional fire history, peatlands that burned in 2011 were stratified into either long return interval (LRI) fire regimes of >80 years (i.e., no recorded prior fire history) or short fire return interval (SRI) of 55 years (i.e., within the boundary of a documented severe fire in 1956). Data from six multitemporal airborne lidar surveys were used to quantify trajectories of vegetation change for 8 years prior to and 8 years following the 2011 fire. To date, no studies have quantified the impacts of post‐fire regeneration following short versus long return interval fires across this broad range of peatlands with variable environmental and post‐fire successional trajectories. We found that SRI peatlands demonstrated more rapid vascular and shrub growth rates, especially in peatland centers, than LRI peatlands. Bogs and fens burned in 1956, and with little vascular vegetation (classified as “open peatlands”) prior to the 2011 fire, experienced the greatest changes. These peatlands tended to transition to vascular/shrub forms following the SRI fire, while open LRI peatlands were not significantly different from pre‐fire conditions. The results of this study suggest the emergence of a positive feedback, where areas experiencing SRI fires in southern boreal peatlands are expected to transition to forested vegetation forms. Along fen edges and within bog centers, SRI fires are expected to reduce local peatland groundwater moisture‐holding capacity and promote favorable conditions for increased fire frequency and severity in the future.
Deforestation falls but rise of wildfires continues degrading Brazilian Amazon forests
Authors: Mataveli Guilherme , Jones Matthew W. , Carmenta Rachel , Sanchez Alber , Dutra Débora J. , Chaves Michel , de Oliveira Gabriel , Anderson Liana O. , Aragão Luiz E. O. C.
Published: February 2024

In 2023, Brazil achieved positive environmental strides in the Amazon, with a 22% reduction in deforestation rates and a 16% decline in total fire counts compared with 2022, attributed to renewed environmental policy implementation. However, despite progress, deforestation remains above the target, and forest wildfires in old‐growth Amazonian forests surged by 152% in 2023 versus 2022, threatening biodiversity and carbon stocks. The rise in fires poses challenges for traditional farmers, impacts urban areas' air quality, and necessitates urgent measures like enhanced firefighting capabilities and long‐term strategies for fire‐free production chains to protect the Amazonian standing forests—a global socio‐environmental asset.
Lurbinectedin in small cell lung cancer: real‐world experience of a multicentre national early access programme
Authors: Alexander Marliese , Rogers Jennifer , Parakh Sagun , Mitchell Paul , Clay Timothy D. , Kao Steven , Hughes Brett G. M. , Itchins Malinda , Kong Benjamin Y. , Pavlakis Nick , Solomon Benjamin J. , John Thomas
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims

Lurbinectedin is a novel oncogenic transcription inhibitor active in several cancers, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We aimed to describe the first Australian experience of the clinical efficacy and tolerability of lurbinectedin for the treatment of SCLC after progression on platinum‐containing therapy.

Methods

Multicentre real‐world study of individuals with SCLC initiating lurbinectedin monotherapy (3.2 mg/m2 three‐weekly) on an early access programme between May 2020 and December 2021. Key outcomes were clinical utilisation, efficacy and tolerability. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Outcome data were collected within the AUstralian Registry and biObank of thoRacic cAncers (AURORA).

Results

Data were analysed for 46 individuals across seven sites. Lurbinectedin was given as second‐ (83%, 38/46) or subsequent‐ (17%, 8/46) line therapy, mostly with prior chemoimmunotherapy (87%, 40/46). We report dose modifications (17%, 8/46), interruptions/delays (24%, 11/46), high‐grade toxicities (28%, 13/46) and hospitalisations (54%, 25/46) during active treatment. The overall response rate was 33% and the disease control rate was 50%. Six‐month OS was 44% (95% confidence interval (CI): 29.0–57.1). Twelve‐month OS was 15% (95% CI: 6.5–26.8). From lurbinectedin first dose, the median PFS was 2.5 months (95% CI: 1.8–2.9) and OS was 4.5 months (95% CI: 3.5–7.2). From SCLC diagnosis, the median OS was 12.9 months (95% CI: 11.0–17.2). Individuals with a longer chemotherapy‐free interval prior to lurbinectedin had longer PFS and OS.

Conclusion

This real‐world national experience of lurbinectedin post‐platinum chemotherapy and immunotherapy for individuals with SCLC was similar to that reported in clinical trials.
Northern pikas experience reduced occupancy due to surrounding human land use despite the occurrence of suitable microclimates
Authors: Sakiyama Tomoki , García Molinos Jorge
Published: February 2024

Aim

Despite warming temperatures, some species are found persisting at the trailing edge of their distribution. Microclimates provided by complex topography are considered a key factor in these cases of range stationarity, buffering stress from exposure to warming and enabling persistence. However, for species with trailing‐edges located in human‐modified landscapes, refugial conditions provided by microclimates could be disrupted by human activities. Here, we aimed to understand the determinants of trailing‐edge occupancy for a small lagomorph found in rocky patches harbouring cool microclimates.

Location

Hokkaido Island, Japan.

Taxon

Northern pika (Ochotona hyperborea).

Methods

We surveyed the occupancy of northern pikas across a wide elevational gradient (350–2200 m) for two consecutive summers. Ambient air and microhabitat (i.e. rock interstices) thermal conditions were measured to assess their relationship. We then analysed their effects on occupancy at two nested spatial scales: (1) whole‐distribution, and (2) at identified trailing‐edge sites where we explored the effects of microclimates and surrounding human activities (i.e. distance to nearest road and area of human land use such as plantation forests or agricultural fields).

Results

Overall, rock interstices exhibited cooler conditions than ambient air with temperature differences of 1–2°C. The overall distribution of northern pikas was affected by both mean ambient temperature and microhabitat availability, with warmer (lower elevation) sites with less microhabitats corresponding to the trailing edge of its distribution. Interestingly, trailing edge occupancy patterns were best explained by the negative effect of surrounding human land despite the existence of suitable microclimates in the rocky patches.

Main Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the local refugial conditions supported by cool microclimates are likely to be disrupted by the effects of human land alterations at the larger landscape scale. This result highlights the importance of considering the effects of human activities and landscape alteration for effective microrefugia conservation.
Digital health integration for noncommunicable diseases: Comprehensive process mapping for full‐life‐cycle management
Authors: He Tianrui , Cui Wenbin , Feng Yuxuan , Li Xingyi , Yu Guangjun
Published: February 2024

Aim

To create a systematic digital health process mapping framework for full‐life‐cycle noncommunicable disease management grounded in key stakeholder engagement.

Methods

A triphasic, qualitative methodology was employed to construct a process mapping framework for digital noncommunicable disease management in Shanghai, China. The first phase involved desk research to examine current guidance and practices. In the second phase, pivotal stakeholders participated in focus group discussions to identify prevalent digital touchpoints across lifetime noncommunicable disease management. In the final phase, the Delphi technique was used to refine the framework based on expert insights and obtain consensus.

Results

We identified 60 digital touchpoints across five essential stages of full‐life‐cycle noncommunicable disease management. Most experts acknowledged the rationality and feasibility of these touchpoints.

Conclusions

This study led to the creation of a comprehensive digital health process mapping framework that encompasses the entire life cycle of noncommunicable disease management. The insights gained emphasize the importance of a systemic strategic, person‐centered approach over a fragmented, purely technocentric approach. We recommend that healthcare professionals use this framework as a linchpin for efficient disease management and seamless technology incorporation in clinical practice.
Plasma tryptophan pathway metabolites quantified by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry as biomarkers in neuroendocrine tumor patients
Authors: Johansen S. U. , Hansen T. , Nordborg A. , Meyer R. , Goll R. , Florholmen J. , Jensen E.
Published: February 2024

A good and accessible biomarker is of great clinical value in neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients, especially considering its frequently indolent nature and long‐term follow‐up. Plasma chromogranin A (CgA) and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) are currently used as biomarkers in NET, but their sensitivity and specificity are restricted. 5‐HIAA is the main metabolite of serotonin, an important neurotransmitter of the tryptophan pathway. The aim of this study is to estabish a sensitive and accurate method for the quantification of tryptophan pathway metabolites in plasma. We further aimed to evaluate its utility as a clinical tool in NET disease. We obtained plasma samples from NET patients and healthy controls recruited from the University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), and eight metabolites of the tryptophan pathway were quantified. We included 130 NET patients (72/130 small intestinal [SI] NET, 35/130 pancreatic NET, 23/130 other origin) and 20 healthy controls. In the SI‐NET group, 26/72 patients presented with symptoms of carcinoid syndrome (CS). We found that combining tryptophan metabolites into a serotonin/kynurenine pathway ratio improved diagnostic sensitivity (92.3%) and specificity (100%) in detecting CS patients from healthy controls compared with plasma 5‐HIAA alone (sensitivity 84.6%/specificity 100%). Further, a clinical marker based on the combination of plasma serotonin, 5‐HIAA, and 5OH‐tryptophan, increased diagnostic capacity identifying NET patients with metastasized disease from healthy controls compared with singular plasma 5‐HIAA, serotonin, or CgA. In addition, this marker was positive in 61% of curatively operated SI‐NET patients compared with only 10% of healthy controls (p < .001). Our results indicate that simultaneous quantification of several tryptophan metabolites in plasma, using LC–MS/MS, may represent a clinically useful diagnostic tool in NET disease.
Exploring facial overfilled syndrome from the perspective of anatomy and the mismatched delivery of fillers
Authors: Lim Ting‐Song , Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima , Yi Kyu‐Ho
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Facial fillers and injectables have transformed the landscape of cosmetic procedures, offering rejuvenation possibilities. However, the emergence of “Facial Overfilled Syndrome (FOS)” presents a concerning trend attributed to excessive filler use and suboptimal injection techniques. Understanding the interplay between facial aging and augmentation techniques is crucial in addressing and preventing FOS.

Material and Methods

Facial overfilled syndrome is characterized by the excessive use of fillers, resulting in a distorted and heavy appearance. It manifests in various forms, including 'flowerhorn' foreheads, 'sunset' eyes, 'chipmunk' cheeks, 'witch' chins, and 'pillow' faces. The syndrome arises from attempts to combat anatomical aging with dramatic filler treatments, causing rapid volume changes and skin tightening. Skeletal structures and soft tissue distribution across different ethnicities play a significant role in FOS development.

Results

Understanding the aging process across facial tissues is essential, as fillers cannot entirely reverse aging manifestations. Tailored assessment and treatment plans should precede filler injections, involving muscle assessment, observation of facial movements during injection, and ultrasound imaging of fat layers. Attention should be given to filler pressure and migration risks, particularly in areas with elevated pressure. Additionally, alternative approaches like energy‐based devices and polymer reinforcement of facial ligaments should be considered to minimize filler use. Ethnic variations in facial anatomy require careful consideration to avoid overcorrection.

Conclusion

FOS predominantly affects individuals of East Asian descent due to specific facial characteristics. Prevention strategies involve minimizing filler use, addressing underlying bone changes, and considering ethnic and gender differences in facial anatomy. Recent MRI and ultrasound studies challenge the notion of filler breakdown, emphasizing the importance of filler selection and injection techniques. Education, individualized treatments, and a holistic understanding of facial anatomy are key to preventing and managing FOS and ensuring natural and harmonious facial aesthetics.
Prescriptive Theorizing to Tackle Societal Grand Challenges: Promises and Perils
Authors: Wickert Christopher
Published: February 2024

Descriptive and prescriptive theorizing are two sides of the same coin and fundamentally complementary, if not reciprocal in their relationship. Both have a place in management theorizing, yet this Point‐Counterpoint debate takes issue with how they are currently performed in research. The Point makes the case for prescriptive theorizing to help tackle societal grand challenges and meaningfully impact practice, and it offers a recipe for doing this on a solid normative foundation. The Counterpoint cautions against the impact that such prescriptions may have and calls for more contextualized approaches. In this introduction to the debate, I intend to take the conversation that both the Point and Counterpoint have provoked even further by highlighting some under‐emphasized but important theoretical avenues to examine the (un)intended consequences of both prescriptive and descriptive theorizing; namely by mobilizing research on performativity and counter‐performativity.
A family member's death increases religious activity: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Friehe Tim , Pfeifer Christian
Published: February 2024

Religiosity influences economic behavior in various domains, but what determines religiosity? Using data from the representative Socio‐Economic Panel Study for Germany (SOEP), this paper shows that religious activity increases after a family member's death. The life event's effect is larger after a partner's death when compared to a parent's death. Our results indicate that the influence of a family member's death on religious activity is temporary and are consistent with the religious coping hypothesis.
Examination of workload perception, burnout, and perceived organizational support in emergency healthcare professionals: A structural equation model
Authors: Doğan Aysun , Ertuğrul Bekir , Akin Kutay
Published: February 2024

Job stress is one of the important factors affecting employee behavior. One of the most important factors in reducing burnout caused by stress is organizational support. In this context, the aim of this study is to identify the moderating role of perceived organizational support in the effect of workload perception on burnout within the emergency healthcare professionals’ universe. The data for this study were collected from 703 health professionals working in emergency health services in three major cities of Turkey. The relationships and the model of the study is analyzed by the Structural Equation Model technique. The results indicate that perceived workload is a factor that causes employee burnout, and perceived organizational support is a factor that reduces employee burnout. This study contributes to researchers and health managers by revealing the importance of workload planning and organizational activities that support employees to reduce burnout in health workers.
Development and evolution of the Asteraceae capitulum
Authors: Zhang Teng , Elomaa Paula
Published: February 2024

Asteraceae represent one of the largest and most diverse families of plants. The evolutionary success of this family has largely been contributed to their unique inflorescences, capitula that mimic solitary flowers but are typically aggregates of multiple florets. Here, we summarize the recent molecular and genetic level studies that have promoted our understanding of the development and evolution of capitula. We focus on new results on patterning of the enlarged meristem resulting in the iconic phyllotactic arrangement of florets in Fibonacci numbers of spirals. We also summarize the current understanding of the genetic networks regulating the characteristic reproductive traits in the family such as floral dimorphism and differentiation of highly specialized floral organs. So far, developmental studies in Asteraceae are still limited to a very narrow selection of model species. Along with the recent advancements in genomics and phylogenomics, Asteraceae and its relatives provide an outstanding model clade for extended evo‐devo studies to exploit the morphological diversity and the underlying molecular networks and to translate this knowledge to the breeding of the key crops in the family.
Reshaped DNA methylation cooperating with homoeolog‐divergent expression promotes improved root traits in synthesized tetraploid wheat
Authors: Miao Lingfeng , Xu Weiya , Liu Yanhong , Huang Xiangyi , Chen Zhe , Wang Huifang , Wang Zihao , Chen Yongming , Song Qingxin , Zhang Jing , Han Fangpu , Peng Huiru , Yao Yingyin , Xin Mingming , Hu Zhaorong , Ni Zhongfu , Sun Qixin , Xing Jiewen , Guo Weilong
Published: February 2024

Polyploidization is a major event driving plant evolution and domestication. However, how reshaped epigenetic modifications coordinate gene transcription to generate phenotypic variations during wheat polyploidization is currently elusive.

Here, we profiled transcriptomes and DNA methylomes of two diploid wheat accessions (SlSl and AA) and their synthetic allotetraploid wheat line (SlSlAA), which displayed elongated root hair and improved root capability for nitrate uptake and assimilation after tetraploidization.

Globally decreased DNA methylation levels with a reduced difference between subgenomes were observed in the roots of SlSlAA. DNA methylation changes in first exon showed strong connections with altered transcription during tetraploidization. Homoeolog‐specific transcription was associated with biased DNA methylation as shaped by homoeologous sequence variation. The hypomethylated promoters showed significantly enriched binding sites for MYB, which may affect gene transcription in response to root hair growth. Two master regulators in root hair elongation pathway, AlCPC and TuRSL4, exhibited upregulated transcription levels accompanied by hypomethylation in promoter, which may contribute to the elongated root hair. The upregulated nitrate transporter genes, including NPFs and NRTs, also are significantly associated with hypomethylation, indicating an epigenetic‐incorporated regulation manner in improving nitrogen use efficiency.

Collectively, these results provided new insights into epigenetic changes in response to crop polyploidization and underscored the importance of epigenetic regulation in improving crop traits.
Comparison of the immune response and protection against the experimental Toxoplasma gondii infection elicited by immunization with the recombinant proteins BAG1, ROP8, and BAG1‐ROP8
Authors: Xing Yien , Yang Jun , Yao Pengjing , Xie Linding , Liu Min , Cai Yihong
Published: February 2024

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most dangerous zoonotic diseases, causing serious economic losses worldwide due to abortion and reproductive problems. Vaccination is the best way to prevent disease; thus, it is imperative to develop a candidate vaccine for toxoplasmosis. BAG1 and ROP8 have the potential to become vaccine candidates. In this study, rTgBAG1, rTgROP8, and rTgBAG1‐rTgROP8 were used to evaluate the immune effect of vaccines in each group by detecting the humoral and cellular immune response levels of BABL/c mice after immunization and the ability to resist acute and chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). We divided the mice into vaccine groups with different proteins, and the mice were immunized on days 0, 14, and 28. The protective effects of different proteins against T. gondii were analysed by measuring the cytokines, serum antibodies, splenocyte proliferation assay results, survival time, and number and diameter of brain cysts of mice after infection. The vaccine groups exhibited substantially higher IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a levels and effectively stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. The levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐2 in the vaccine group were significantly increased. The survival time of the mice in each vaccine group was prolonged and the diameter of the cysts in the vaccine group was smaller; rTgBAG1‐rTgROP8 had a better protection. Our study showed that the rTgBAG1, rTgROP8, and rTgBAG1‐rTgROP8 recombinant protein vaccines are partial but effective approaches against acute or chronic T. gondii infection. They are potential candidates for a toxoplasmosis vaccine.
APCs in sinus floor augmentation
Authors: Valentini Pascal , Calciolari Elena , Monlezun Sebastien , Akcalı Aliye , Donos Nikos , Quirynen Marc
Published: February 2024

After tooth loss in the posterior area of the maxilla, sinus floor elevation is often required to compensate the vertical bone loss due to sinus pneumatization. This narrative review reports on the potential benefits of autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) during this procedure. As for transcrestal approach, APCs have been used as “sole” substitute/graft. However, because of the low number of clinical trials available with PRGF, and even none for PRP, no definitive conclusions can be made regarding their efficacy. The number of studies on the use of L‐PRF were outnumbered indicating good feasibility for vertical bone gain, with a high implant survival rate and a low degree of complications. PRP and PRGF have not been studied as a “single/sole” substitute for a one‐stage lateral window approach, probably because of the weak physical characteristics of the membranes. L‐PRF alone appears to be a predictable grafting material for lateral maxillary sinus grafting and a reduced RBH should not be considered as a risk factor. Compared to a “standard” bone substitute L‐PRF shows slightly less vertical bone gain (consider enough membrane application and use of bony window as new sinus floor roof over the implant apices), enhanced early resorption (first 6 months after application), but a similar stable bone gain afterward. For a two‐stage lateral window approach, APCs “alone” cannot be recommended, due to their weak withstand to the sinus pneumatization forces. APCs combined with bone substitutes seem to accelerate bone formation, without any additional benefits on the long‐term new bone gain. The use of L‐PRF membranes for the treatment of perforations appears to be an effective treatment option, but further clinical studies are needed to confirm this. Even though the abovementioned statements are based on large numbers of studies, additional RCTs comparing APCs with different types of grafting procedures for sinus elevation are needed.
Microbial education for marine invertebrate disease prevention in aquaculture
Authors: Dantan Luc , Toulza Eve , Petton Bruno , Montagnani Caroline , Degremont Lionel , Morga Benjamin , Fleury Yannick , Mitta Guillaume , Gueguen Yannick , Vidal‐Dupiol Jeremie , Cosseau Céline
Published: February 2024

The holobiont theory expands the notion of individual multicellular organisms as a community composed of a host and all its associated microorganisms. This concept has been extensively studied in the field of aquaculture, where increasing evidence has highlighted the importance of the host associated microorganisms in species fitness. Here, we focus our review on mollusc and crustacean species in which microbiota dysbiosis has recently been described in the context of various diseases, resulting in significant economic losses. Influencing the holobiont structure through the use of probiotics is a potential strategy that could improve the fitness or the robustness of cultivated species. We discuss here the possibility of developing microbiome targeted prophylactic approaches by promoting (1) methods to identify host microbial community that fosters good health status and (2) early life microbial education to favour long‐term resistance to stress or disease. This review aims to inform the aquaculture industry about potential strategies in rearing practices to mitigate diseases and economic losses.
Public health nurses' experiences with mental health promotion for adolescent immigrants in schools: A qualitative study
Authors: Bringaker Annette Owusu , Dahl Berit Misund
Published: February 2024

Aims and Objectives

This study aimed to explore public health nurses' experiences with mental health promotion for adolescent immigrants in lower secondary and high school, aiming to enhance knowledge and insights for effective mental health promotion.

Methodological Design and Justification

A qualitative design employing a hermeneutic approach was chosen. Thirteen public health nurses were selected using purposive criterion sampling and snowballing. Thematic analysis was applied, adhering to COREQ guidelines for transparency.

Ethical Issues and Approval

The research was approved by the Norwegian Centre for Research Data. The guidelines of the National Committee for Research Ethics in the Social Sciences and the Humanities were followed.

Research Methods, Instruments, and/or Interventions

Data were collected through three focus‐group interviews (n = 13), using semi‐structured interview guides to explore the experiences of public health nurses in promoting mental health among adolescent immigrants.

Outcome Measures

This study identified three key themes: (i) Striving to understand adolescent immigrants' mental health aspects, including both positive and negative aspects; (ii) Different strategies for promoting mental health, viewing adolescents as both recipients and contributors to their well‐being; and (iii) Barriers to public health nurses' promotion of mental health, including language, cultural, and knowledge‐related obstacles and trust issues.

Results

Public health nurses noted that language barriers and trust issues often delayed adolescent immigrants from seeking help for mental health concerns. Cultural competence and empathy were deemed crucial. To meet these needs, public health nurses must build rapport with parents, collaborate with professionals, implement follow‐up programmes, and advocate for policy changes.

Study Limitations

Limitations of this qualitative study include potential bias from the authors' background and non‐generalizability of results to other contexts.

Conclusions

In conclusion, public health nurses' experiences reveal the need for enhanced cultural competence, language proficiency, and trust‐building to better serve adolescent immigrants. Collaborative efforts, follow‐up programmes, and policy advocacy are essential to improve mental health promotion in school settings.
Interactions between calcium‐induced arrhythmia triggers and the electrophysiological–anatomical substrate underlying the induction of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Colman Michael A. , Varela Marta , MacLeod Rob S. , Hancox Jules C. , Aslanidi Oleg V.
Published: February 2024

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is sustained by spontaneous focal excitations and re‐entry. Spontaneous electrical firing in the pulmonary vein (PV) sleeves is implicated in AF generation. The aim of this simulation study was to identify the mechanisms determining the localisation of AF triggers in the PVs and their contribution to the genesis of AF. A novel biophysical model of the canine atria was used that integrates stochastic, spontaneous subcellular Ca2+ release events (SCRE) with regional electrophysiological heterogeneity in ionic properties and a detailed three‐dimensional model of atrial anatomy, microarchitecture and patchy fibrosis. Simulations highlighted the importance of the smaller inward rectifier potassium current (IK1) in PV cells compared to the surrounding atria, which enabled SCRE more readily to result in delayed‐afterdepolarisations that induced triggered activity. There was a leftward shift in the dependence of the probability of triggered activity on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load. This feature was accentuated in 3D tissue compared to single cells (Δ half‐maximal [Ca2+]SR = 58 μM vs. 22 μM). In 3D atria incorporating electrical heterogeneity, excitations preferentially emerged from the PV region. These triggered focal excitations resulted in transient re‐entry in the left atrium. Addition of fibrotic patches promoted localised emergence of focal excitations and wavebreaks that had a more substantial impact on generating AF‐like patterns than the PVs. Thus, a reduced IK1, less negative resting membrane potential, and fibrosis‐induced changes of the electrotonic load all contribute to the emergence of complex excitation patterns from spontaneous focal triggers.

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Key points

Focal excitations in the atria are most commonly associated with the pulmonary veins, but the mechanisms for this localisation are yet to be elucidated.

We applied a multi‐scale computational modelling approach to elucidate the mechanisms underlying such localisations.

Myocytes in the pulmonary vein region of the atria have a less negative resting membrane potential and reduced time‐independent potassium current; we demonstrate that both of these factors promote triggered activity in single cells and tissues.

The less negative resting membrane potential also contributes to heterogeneous inactivation of the fast sodium current, which can enable re‐entrant‐like excitation patterns to emerge without traditional conduction block.