bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the question of the use of evaluative concepts in tax law
Authors: Baik Oksana
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes current issues regarding the use of valuation concepts in tax law. In particular, scientific approaches to the specification of valuation concepts in tax law, which they receive in the normative order or in judicial practice, are considered. In addition, it is emphasized about the specification of valuation concepts in the legal interpretation practice of controlling authorities and in subordinate legal acts of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine and controlling authorities, which receives its fixation in subordinate legal acts of tax legislation, letters, general and individual tax consultations. It was found that the use of norms with evaluative concepts in the texts of tax regulations is determined by a number of objective and subjective factors. It is highlighted that the peculiarities of the evaluation concepts are that: 1) they are either not explained at all in the legislation, or find only a partial interpretation in it; 2) they are specified by the law enforcer himself; 3) they are specified on the basis of discretion. Taking into account the peculiarities of discretion in tax and legal regulation, it is emphasized that quite often there are situations in which formally undefined concepts are used. It was established that evaluative concepts are necessary in the presence of an objective need to establish certain limits of discretion for the subject of law enforcement. Valuation concepts are an objectively necessary component of tax-legal norms and occupy an important place in the conceptual-categorical apparatus of tax law. As an example, the evaluative concepts that are components of the concepts of «tax» and «fee» were analyzed. In this case, among the evaluation concepts, «unconditional payment to the relevant budget» and «special benefit» were singled out and analyzed. The author’s conclusion was made that in some cases there is a need for a thorough clarification of valuation concepts in tax law using additional sources. It is noted that today the issue of the meaning and place of valuation concepts in tax law is open for discussion and requires further scientific research.
Modern problems of administrative and legal protection of the rights and legitimate interests of Ukrainian citizens in the field of property
Authors: Lychenko Iryna , Melnychenko Viktoriia
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of defining modern problems of administrative and legal protection of the rights and legitimate interests of Ukrainian citizens in the field of property and theoretical justification of ways to solve them. It was established that the scientific study of issues of administrative and legal protection of the rights and legitimate interests of Ukrainian citizens in the field of property is an important condition for improving domestic legislation and the practice of its application. Special attention is paid to the impact of modern challenges and threats on the sphere of protection of property rights. It is argued that the entire system of public legal institutions, the modern system of administrative and legal protection should be aimed at guaranteeing human rights to own, use and dispose of their property. It is appropriate to include legal methods and means of preventing encroachments in the sphere of property as components of the administrative-legal protection of property rights; termination of administrative offenses encroaching on property rights; application of administrative liability measures to violators in accordance with the procedure established by law and compensation for the damage caused. It was emphasized that today there are quite frequent facts of violation of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens in the field of property. Such violations are related to the challenges of wartime, the problems of citizens realizing the right to own real estate and land plots, the bureaucratization of the procedures for registering the right to own land, the facts of "raider" seizure of property, the deprivation of single elderly people, convicted of crimes, orphans and others housing and other objects of property rights, the imperfection of the administrative-delict legislation and the system of state institutions that oppose offenses in this area, etc. Emphasis is placed on the change of legal approaches to determining the sub-department of consideration of cases on administrative offenses in the sphere of property. Special attention needs to be paid to the elimination of alternative sub-department of consideration of cases on administrative offenses in the field of property, duplication of functions of various authorities and officials in this field. Special attention is devoted to the formation of a strategy for increasing the effectiveness of the activities of bodies that are endowed with managerial and jurisdictional functions in the field of property, carry out the prevention of offenses committed in this field, due to the optimization of their structure, the development of new standards of interaction with citizens.
Ecologization of agriculture: legal aspect
Authors: Marych Khrystyna
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of regulatory and legal support of ecologization in the field of agriculture and prospects for its improvement. Ecologization of the agricultural sector is ensured by legal norms contained in laws and by-laws. In general, the norms of environmental and agrarian legislation of Ukraine regulate the relations of environmental protection and nature use in the field of agriculture. The main directions of further improvement of the legal support for the ecologization of the agricultural sector are: the implementation of certain types of agricultural production activities, taking into account the peculiarities of specialization and activities related to agricultural production; use of land and other natural resources in agricultural production; agricultural production waste management; organic agricultural production, etc. In particular, the relevant rules of nature protection for agricultural production should be aimed at: ensuring ecological and biological safety in the process of agricultural production activity; ensuring rational use of land and other natural resources in agricultural production; restriction and termination of agricultural activities that damage to the environment; introduction of the most effective methods of management, in particular, the spread of the use of organic production methods; support for the development and introduction of innovative technologies in the field of agriculture; protection of agricultural plants and animals; increasing the level of knowledge and improving the practical skills of sustainable agriculture. A special role in the legal support of ecologization of agriculture is played by strategic documents defining goals and task for the relevant period. The task of state policy is to bring national legislation, standards and practices in the agricultural sector closer to the pan-European principles of sustainable agriculture policy and good agricultural practices. Also, rules of nature protection should be reflected in the local intra-economic acts of the subjects of agricultural activity.
Legal policy regarding domestic violence in certain ethno-national groups (on the example of the roma)
Authors: Andrusiak Iryna
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the legal problem of domestic violence in certain ethno-national groups on the example of the Roma by determining the peculiarities of the status of Roma women and presenting proposals for legal regulation of the problem. It has been proven that women of the Roma national minority are in a special risk group of becoming victims of domestic violence. Deeply rooted in social and cultural norms, domestic violence remains one of the most urgent and complex problems of our time. The following characteristic features of domestic violence in Roma groups are identified, which are determined by social and cultural and mental factors of the life of this national minority: Roma women can experience violence from a wide group of men of the entire Roma community; domestic violence is provoked by a special way of managing the economy, lack of proper infrastructure and living conditions; Roma remain one of the poorest groups in modern society, which is an additional factor in domestic violence; Roma women are characterized by cross-discrimination (multi-discrimination) on several grounds; social alienation and isolation of Roma causes a low level of education, fear of public authorities, mistrust of the law enforcement and judicial system. The author proposed changes to the legislation. In particular, the update of the national strategy for promoting the realization of the rights and opportunities of persons belonging to the Roma national minority in Ukrainian society for the period up to 2030. It is proposed to define additional goal #9, which consists in overcoming the problem of domestic violence in Roma communities and ensuring gender inequality of women of the Roma national minority. To fulfill this goal, specific tasks are proposed, In the conclusion, it is noted that the fight against domestic violence is the task of every member of the global community, since only unified single-centered efforts can create conditions for an optimal combination of managerial, legal, cultural, public interests in the context of their integration into social reality and overcoming negative social problems that provoke deviant behavior.
Problems of precautionary measure application in the view of detention under guard in Ukraine
Authors: Hlyvchak Olga , Kovalchuk Olena
Published: December 2023

Annotation. The article examines problematic issues related to the use of preventive measures in the form of detention in criminal cases and the experience of foreign countries in this area. The practice of the European Court of Human Rights regarding detention and its decisions are analyzed in the context of legal norms and standards related to human rights. Particular attention is paid to the experience of countries where alternative preventive measures are implemented in order to improve the justice system and ensure human rights, which can be effective and do not limit human rights to such a severe degree as detention. In addition, issues related to unsubstantiated detention decisions, excessively long proceedings and the need to increase the transparency of this process are considered. The importance of observing human rights during the application of a measure in the form of detention, which is the most severe and restrictive measure, is particularly emphasized, therefore its application must be justified and fair.
Implementation of criminal justice by jury courts in Ukraine: current state and development prospects
Authors: Leskiv Oleksiy , Kovalchuk Olena
Published: December 2023

Annotation. The article examines the problematic issues of the implementation of the institution of the jury trial in Ukraine, the current state of the implementation of criminal justice by the jury trial, the reasons for the ineffectiveness of the domestic legislative mechanism of the activity of the jury trial, ways of improving the national legal system within the limits of the implementation of justice by the jury trial, and the possibility of implementing foreign experience in reforming the judicial system in Ukraine. The foreign experience of the jury trial was analyzed, the peculiarities of the Anglo-American and European jury trial models were considered, and the experience of the United States of America was emphasized. Taking into account the need to build an effective jury court in Ukraine, it is proposed: to make a transition from the continental to the classic jury court model, including separating jurors from professional judges and making them independent in passing a verdict on the guilt or innocence of a person; to reduce the number of professional judges during the consideration of criminal proceedings by a jury from two to one, but to increase the number of jurors on the model of the US petit jury to 6-12 people; by increasing the list of criminal offenses that can be considered by a jury; reduce the minimum age from which you can become a juror; to form juror lists on the basis of a competition followed by candidates taking a course in legal studies; create appropriate conditions for the protection of jurors and compliance with their independence; develop mechanisms for appealing clearly illegal jury decisions; to provide coverage of the activity of the jury court in the mass media in order to popularize it.
Ensuring the implementation of human and citizen rights and freedoms through the prism of the activities of law enforcement bodies
Authors: Soroka Svitlana , Skoropad Tetiana
Published: December 2023

The issue of ensuring the realization of the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen through the prism of the activities of law enforcement agencies was considered. It was noted that the implementation of one of the main tasks of the state to ensure the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine, is entrusted to the three existing branches of government in the state: legislative, executive and judicial. In addition, in order to solve the problems of socio-political and economic development of modern Ukraine, there is a regulatory and protective influence of the state on citizens with the aim of forming appropriate (legal) conditions for their life activities. For this, the state creates special bodies - these are law enforcement agencies. It is emphasized that the concept of "law enforcement agencies" is very often used in scientific literature, regulatory documents and acts, colloquial speech, etc., but an accurate and clear idea about it has not yet been formed.Scientists do not have a unified approach to this concept, it is not fully contained in legislative acts. Normative legal acts related to the disclosure of the concept of "law enforcement agencies" have been analyzed. It was noted that law enforcement agencies are special state institutions united by their functional purpose. Four main features of law enforcement activity are identified. The concept of human rights and freedom is defined. It is emphasized that human rights are divided into 4 groups, each group is disclosed. Attention is drawn to the fact that to ensure human rights and freedoms in the activities of law enforcement agencies, there is a mechanism in the form of two subsystems: protection and protection. After analyzing the current legislation, the main areas of activity of law enforcement agencies in the field of ensuring human and citizen rights and freedoms are highlighted. It was concluded that in modern Ukraine, the work of law enforcement agencies is aimed at ensuring the fundamental rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen. Every day, our state becomes one step closer to European standards in the field of citizen security. However, our realities require newer legal approaches in the matter of ensuring fundamental rights and freedoms. For this purpose, appropriate reforms are carried out in the state, the forms and methods of ensuring the rights and freedoms of a person and citizen are improved, the level of legal culture is raised and, what is very important, in the context of the relevant changes, the level of public trust in law enforcement officers is increased.
How Russia violates international law by invading Ukraine
Authors: Baskakova Oksana
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Since February 24, 2022, russia has engaged in full-scale aggression against Ukraine. Despite the Russian army's failure to achieve the initial goals set by the Kremlin at the beginning of the invasion, the war against Ukraine has persisted for over 600 days. Tragically, it has resulted in the loss of almost 10 thousand civilian lives (excluding data from the occupied territories) and forced approximately 8 million citizens to flee Ukraine. The author emphasizes, that russia-Ukraine war opened a Pandora’s Box, because not only will it influence the parties of the conflict, but also it will definitely reshape the world in the next decades. The article explores the ways in which the Russian government violates international law through its attacks on Ukraine. Despite russia's attempts to justify its actions under self-defense or humanitarian intervention, the analysis finds these claims unsubstantiated, categorizing Russia's actions as aggression, war crimes, and potentially genocide. A crucial aspect is the manipulation of international law by russia to legitimize its actions. The article analyzes the concept of "authoritarian international law," where dictatorial regimes exploit legal norms for self-interest. Russia's narrative, framing the invasion as a special military operation and responding to alleged genocide, clearly constitutes an abuse of international legal principles. The article outlines the repercussions for Russia, including exclusion from international bodies and substantial sanctions. Legal measures, such as the International Court of Justice's provisional measures and a UN resolution demanding compensation, indicate a collective international response to hold Russia accountable. Despite these legal responses, the article acknowledges challenges in achieving justice. Russia's likely refusal to recognize jurisdiction and potential obstacles to compensation efforts prompt the proposal of a multilateral mechanism involving states controlling frozen Russian assets.
Infrastructure, human capital, and online teaching during COVID-19 disruptions: Teachers’ experiences at five South African private schools
Authors: Chipangura Baldreck
Published: December 2023

This study explored the lessons that were learnt about online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic in five private high schools in a suburb of Pretoria. Qualitative data was collected through interviews with 15 schoolteachers (three from each school), in which they were asked about their experiences with, and perceptions of, the online teaching that they and their schools provided during the periods in 2020 when in-person schooling was prohibited in South Africa due to the pandemic. Thematic analysis of the interview data produced two categories of factors that affected the ability of teachers to successfully offer online-only teaching and learning: infrastructural factors and human capital factors. Drawing on the teachers’ inputs in these thematic areas, four lessons learnt were determined, as follows: ensure reliable power supply in support of internet connectivity; allow teacher internet connectivity on a bring your own device (BYOD) basis; ensure practical and up-to-date teacher skills in online teaching; and harness the power of peer-to-peer knowledge-sharing.
Toimijuuden kokemukset ikääntyvien kaupunkilaisten arjessa ilman internetiä
Authors: Lehtinen Vilma
Published: December 2023

Aiemman tutkimuksen mukaan internetin käyttämättömyys voi aiheuttaa ikääntyneille ulkopuolisuuden kokemuksia, mutta toisaalta he voivat myös hyötyä siitä. Vähemmälle huomiolle on jäänyt se, miten ikääntyvien ihmisten arkiilman internetiä sujuu ja miten se limittyy yksilön toimijuuden kokemuksiin. Artikkeli täydentää aihepiirin tutkimusta kysymällä, millaisin keinoin ikääntyvät, arkeaan ilman internetiä elävät kaupunkilaiset käytännössä pyrkivät ylläpitämään toimijuuttaan digitalisoituvassa yhteiskunnassa sekä millaisia tuntemuksia he näihin keinoihin liittävät. Päiväkirja- ja haastatteluaineiston laadullisen analyysin pohjalta esitän, että ikääntyvien kaupunkilaisten arki ilman internetiä sisältää monenlaista toimijuutta, kuten epävarmuuden hyväksymistä sekä erilaisia yhteistyön muotoja. Toimijuus ei kuitenkaan aina määrity myönteisesti. Arjessa ilman internetiä toimijuuden kokemuksen ylläpitämisen keinot saattavat olla ristiriidassa sen kanssa, millaisena toimijana yksilö itseään pitää. Tutkimus tarkentaa kuvaa siitä, mitä kokemukset ulkopuolisuudesta merkitsevät ikääntyvien ihmisten arjessa ilman internetiä ja millaisia seurauksia pyrkimyksillä toimijuuden kokemuksen ylläpitämiseen on.
Ennakointia ja seurantaa
Authors: Ylöstalo Hanna , Koskinen Henri , Poutanen Mikko , Lepistö Taru
Published: December 2023

Artikkeli tarkastelee numeroiden valtaa politiikkaa koskevassa journalismissa. Kvantifioinnista, eli numeroiden tuottamisesta ja käytöstä, on tullut keskeinen yhteiskunnallista elämää kuvaava ja tuottava käytäntö, joka toimii vuorovaikutuksessa journalismin omien episteemisten käytäntöjen kanssa. Artikkeli lähestyy numeroiden valtaa kvantifioinnin sosiologian kautta: kvantifiointi ymmärretään sosiaalisena käytäntönä, joka paitsi kuvaa, myös muokkaa maailmaa. Numeroiden valtaa tarkastellaan perhepolitiikan ja syntyvyyden sekä työllisyyspolitiikan kontekstissa. Aineistona on näitä politiikka-alueita koskeva, kvantifioitua tietoa hyödyntävä journalismi Helsingin Sanomissa vuosina 2015–2021 (N=330). Kvantifiointi tiedon käytäntönä ohjaa tietynlaisiin tulkintoihin todellisuuden luonteesta, joita journalismi osaltaan tuottaa ja kanavoi omien episteemisten käytäntöjensä puitteissa. Analyysi tuo esiin kaksi journalistista kvantifioinnin käytäntöä: ennakoinnin ja seurannan. Molemmat suuntaavat politiikkatoimia nykyhetkessä kohti tulevaisuutta, jossa turva rakentuu työn ja talouden varaan. Vaikka käytetty kvantifioitu tieto on epävarmaa ja sidoksissa etenkin työtä ja taloutta koskeviin poliittisiin päämääriin, se sai journalismissa usein kyseenalaistamattoman ja neutraalin aseman. Numeroiden valtaa horjuttaa numeroiden lukutaito, kyky asettaa numerot niiden laajempaan kulttuuris-historialliseen kontekstiin.
A Nerve Sheath Myxoma (Soft Tissue Myxoma) of the Lower Lip: Rare Case Study
Authors: Swaidan Rana F.
Published: December 2023

Myxomas in the oral cavity and lips are relatively uncommon tumors that present in different types: the first type is odontogenic myxomas and the second type is soft tissue myxomas. Odontogenic myxomas (originated from the mesenchymal cells of the oral cavity such as dental papillae, periodontium, or dental follicles) are most presented in the maxilla and mandible. In comparison, soft tissue myxomas are rare in the oral cavity and lips, and only 30 cases of unknown development were reported in the literature, and only five cases involving the lip were reported. Even if it is considered very rare, nerve sheath (soft tissue) myxoma must be included in the differential diagnosis of lip lesions and excised widely to prevent local recurrence. The aim of our case study is to present a rare case of lip myxoma in a male patient 26-year-old who presented with a soft, exophytic lesion on the lower lip.
DYNAMICS OF β2-MICROGLOBULIN CONTENT IN BLOOD AND URINE IN PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY DAMAGE WHO HAD CORONAVIRUS DISEASE
Authors: Zub L.O. , Horban B.V.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the work – to study the content of beta-2-microglobulin in the bloodand urine of patients with kidney damage who suffered from coronavirus disease, and tointerpret the results.Material and methods. 95 patients with kidney damage who suffered from coronavirusdisease were examined. In all patients, the content of beta-2-microglobulin in blood andurine was examined by the immunoenzymatic method.The results. The most significant increase in the content of beta-2-microglobulin inboth blood and urine was noted in patients who contracted the coronavirus diseaseagainst the background of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of the III-IV stage, includingin patients undergoing hemodialysis. In patients with stage I-II CKD with pyelonephritisand glomerulonephritis, an increase in the level of beta-2-microglobulin only in theblood was observed. In CKD patients with type II diabetes, an increase in the content ofbeta-2-microglobulin in the blood and urine was noted even in the presence of CKD-II stage.Conclusions. The coronavirus disease has a negative effect on the course of chronickidney disease and accelerates its progression due to a significant acceleration of thedevelopment of renal (tubular) dysfunction. This is indicated by the increase in thecontent of beta-2-microglobulin in the blood and urine of patients who have suffered fromthe coronavirus disease. Patients with type II diabetes with kidney damage who haveexperienced coronavirus disease are a separate group at risk of rapid progression ofCKD. This method of monitoring the dynamics of beta-2-microglobulin content in bloodand urine can be used for early diagnosis of the progression of CKD in patients who havesuffered from the coronavirus disease.
ANALYSIS OF THE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE ORGANIZATION FOR PATIENTS WITH ONCOLOGICAL AND PRECANCEROUS DISEASES OF THE STOMACH
Authors: Domanchuk T.I. , Chornenka Zh.A. , Hrytsyuk M.I. , Mararash G.H. , Sobko D.I.
Published: December 2023

Cancer prevention is a rather difficult task for the oncology service and the state. Preventionin oncology is a complex system of measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of malignanttumors and their progression. But at the same time, the experience of economicallydeveloped countries, in particular Japan, where the incidence rate is one of the highest inthe world, shows that modern medical technologies make it possible to diagnose malignantneoplasms of the stomach (MNS) in the early stages, using screening programs.The purpose of the study – to identify shortcomings in the organization of prevention andmedical care, in particular regarding early detection and prevention of malignancy ofprecancerous diseases in gastric cancer (PCDG).Materials and methods. Analytical retrospective epidemiological medico- sociologicalstudy of a representative number of patients with malignant neoplasms of the stomach –130 patients of the main group and 50 people with precancerous diseases of the stomachof the comparison group was conducted with the aim of in-depth study of the organizationof medical care for patients.Results. It was found that the complete coverage of patients with gastric cancer by dispensaryobservation in 2016-2020 increased both in Ukraine (up to 84.0%) and in the Chernivtsi region(92.1%), but the specific weight of those who was registered for more than five years, althoughit also increased somewhat, remained significantly lower (59.5% and 69.8%, respectively).It has been proven that the absence of dispensary monitoring for precancerous diseasesof the stomach significantly increases the chances of their malignancy (OR=29.18;95%CI=11.60-73.40), but only 18.2% of such patients were registered. Respondents withprecancerous diseases of the stomach also showed insufficient adherence to the medicaltreatment, mainly due to financial motives (21.00; 2.51-175.70) and the prescribed diet,non-compliance of which also contributes to malignancy (4.73; 2.15-10,40).Conclusions. The main risk factors for the transformation of precancerous diseases of thestomach directly into cancer are failure to consult doctors, primarily PMD, both aboutthe disease and screenings, and especially – about dynamic monitoring, as well as lowadherence to recommendations for drug treatment and diet.
CONTROL OF ANGIOGENESIS AS PATHOGENETIC SUBSTANTIATED APPROACH TO CHRONIC EPILEPTIC ACTIVITY TREATMENT
Authors: Pervak M.P.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the work – to carry out an analysis of literary sources regarding theassessment of the effectiveness of the combined use of drugs that affect various links ofthe regulation of neurophysiological functions on the manifestations of chronic epilepticactivity.Conclusions. 1. Based on the analysis of literature data, the perspective of using theconcept of a functional unit of nervous tissue, which includes vessels and microglia inaddition to the neuron, in the pharmacological control of epileptogenic excitation hasbeen determined. 2. The combined use of neuromodulators that affect the excitability ofthe neuron indirectly, through the components of the functional unit of the nervous tissue,provides a synergistic anticonvulsant effect, which is explained by the involvement ofvarious links of intracellular signaling pathways.
Sravnitel'nyj bioinformaticheskij analiz sostava genov antimikrobnoj ustojchivosti v genomah predstavitelej roda Corynebacterium
Authors: Кульшань Т. А. , Бугаева И. О. , Соболева Е. Ф. , Аллянова М. С. , Попов Д. А. , Швиденко И. Г.
Published: December 2023

V nastoyashchee vremya mnozhestvennaya antimikrobnaya rezistentnost' bakterial'nyh infekcionnyh agentov predstavlyaet ser'eznuyu ugrozu dlya mirovogo zdravoohraneniya. Osoboe znachenie v razvitii infekcij, v tom chisle gospital'nyh, igrayut sleduyushchie vidy korinebakterij: C. amycolatum, C. urealyticum, C. striatum, C. jeikeium, C. aurimucosum, C. genitalium, kotorye ustojchivy k bol'shomu arsenalu antimikrobnyh preparatov. Cel'yu issledovaniya bylo provedenie bioinformaticheskogo analiza spektra genov ustojchivosti k antimikrobnym preparatam v opublikovannyh genomah nekotoryh predstavitelej roda Corynebacterium. Issledovany dannye o nukleotidnyh posledovatel'nostyah polnyh genomov 22 shtammov korinebakterij, predstavlennyh v svobodnom dostupe v NCBI GenBank. Bioinformaticheskij analiz polnogenomnyh posledovatel'nostej s cel'yu poiska genov antimikrobnoj ustojchivosti v ukazannyh genomah osushchestvlyali s pomoshch'yu onlajn-resursa PATRIC. Ustanovleno, chto predstavlennye genomy v razlichnyh kombinaciyah soderzhali 25 genov ustojchivosti k antimikrobnym preparatam. U nekotoryh shtammov korinebakterij vyyavleny aminokislotnye zameny v GyrA (pozicii 87, 88 i 91), s kotorymi mozhet byt' svyazana realizaciya ustojchivosti k hinolonam/ftorhinolonam.
Compressor cascade correlations modelling at design points using artificial neural networks
Authors:   Department of Technical Mathematics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kovář Patrik ,   Center of Avionics and Space Research, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Fürst Jiří ,   Department of Technical Mathematics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague
Published: December 2023

In recent years, the flow analysis by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a useful design and optimization tool. Unfortunately, despite advances in the computational power, numerical simulations are still very time consuming. Thus, empirical correlation models keep their importance as a tool for early stages of axial compressor design and for prediction of basic performance parameters. These correlations were developed based on experimental data obtained from 2D measurements performed on cases of classical airfoils such as the NACA 65-series or C.4 profiles. There is insufficient amount of experimental data for other families of airfoils, but CFD simulations can be used instead and their results correlated using artificial neural networks (ANN), as described in this work. Unlike the classical deep learning approach using perceptrons, this work presents neural networks employing higher order neural units.
Budgetary operating balances in the assessment of the financial aspects of European integration
Authors: Stabryła-Chudzio Katarzyna
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study was to assess whether the presentation of financial flows between states and the EU budget provides constructive information, since the literature on the subject emphasizes that the assessment of the benefits and costs of integration has a much broader and more complex scope resulting from the free movement of people, services, goods and capital. In the paper it was used data from 2019 taking into consideration the last year of the UK's full membership in the European Union and a year before COVID-19 pandemic which also has influenced EU finance. In addition, the current operating balances of the member states are presented based on the latest data from 2022 referring to the author’s modified algorithm for calculating operating budgetary balances according to the guidelines of the European Commission. Findings resulting from the conducted research are as follows: referring to the formulated hypotheses it should be stated that there are no grounds to reject them. Correction mechanisms on the revenue side of the European Union budget affect the operating balance of a given country, although they do not have to cause a change in the operating balance from negative to positive or vice versa. In addition operating budgetary balances do not provide a true picture of the benefits and costs of European integration. Providing the value of budget balances for member states in relation to the EU budget should be considered a strictly accounting procedure. The wider use of operating budgetary balances can be considered a denial of the essence of European added value, because they refer to the idea of "fair return" as the expectation of a certain adequacy between the amounts paid and the funds received from the budget.
Evolución de las teorías de las relaciones internacionales
Authors: Valencia Grajales José Fernando , Marín Galeano Mayda Soraya
Published: December 2023

Las relaciones internacionales han venido evolucionando desde la antigüedad, creando instituciones que se han mantenido en el tiempo y construyendo en los últimos años, cinco debates, dos teorías principales, diez teorías derivadas y cinco periodos centrales, además de siete corrientes ideológicas correlativas que le han dado vida a la discusión de las teorías que buscan explicar la disciplina y convertirla en ciencia. Para ello, primero se hará un recorrido histórico, luego una descripción teórica y finalmente una discusión crítica reflexiva del futuro de dichas teorías.
Перспективи розвитку ринку органічних добрив в Україні
Authors: Червоний Дмитро
Published: December 2023

Ринок органічних добрив є особливо важливим для України, тому що його ефективне функціонування має першочергове значення для забезпечення продовольчої, екологічної та енергетичної безпеки держави, з одного боку, та біоекономічної фундаментальної складової, з іншого боку, у зв’язку з тим, що Україна сьогодні є одним з найбільших гравців на світовому ринку продовольства, займаючи лідируючі позиції за обсягами експорту сільськогосподарської продукції. Отже, розвиток ринку органічних добрив, в умовах невпинного зростання вартості мінеральних добрив та дедалі гострішої їх нестачі в Україні, вимагає пошуку шляхів підвищення рівня забезпечення щорічно зростаючих потреб сільськогосподарських підприємств щодо забезпечення рослин поживними речовинами. З огляду на це, особливої актуальності набувають аналіз тенденцій сучасного стану ринку та визначення перспектив його розвитку.

 У статті охарактеризовано сучасний стан ринку органічних добрив. Сформульовано основні напрями його розвитку. Визначено проблемні питання, які потребують вирішення задля позитивного розвитку та функціонування ринку органічних добрив в Україні. Обґрунтовано рекомендації та організаційно-правові, методичні підходи до розвитку ринку органічних добрив.

Ключові слова: ринок, органічні добрива, виробництво, інноваційна технологія, ефективність, сировина, площа, урожайність.
ООН у протидії російській агресії в Україні
Authors: Тодоров Ігор , Тодорова Наталія
Published: December 2023

статті висвітлено деякі проблеми функціонування Організації Об’єднаних Націй за умов кризи сучасної системи міжнародної безпеки, спричиненої агресією Російської Федерації проти України. Показано основні етапи дипломатичного протистояння навколо питань засудження російської інвазії в 2014-2023 рр. та відновлення територіальної цілісності України. Окреслено причини відсутності підтримки України з боку окремих країн-членів ООН. Порушення Статуту ООН з боку РФ не обмежуються нехтуванням основних принципів міжнародного права. Відбувається блокування роботи Ради Безпеки ООН, перешкоджання прийняттю нею будь-яких рішень щодо припинення агресії та окупації українських територій. Особливу увагу приділено роботі Одинадцятої спеціальної надзвичайної Генеральної Асамблеї щодо України в 2022 році. Окреслено ініціативу України щодо позбавлення Російської Федерації статусу постійного члена Ради безпеки ООН та виключення її з ООН взагалі. Зазначено, що це не є можливим без зміни Статуту ООН, а такі зміни будуть заблоковані Росією. Отже, маємо «зачароване коло», з якого неможливо вийти. Сенс діяльності ООН втрачається, у протидії російській агресії вона має суперечливий характер. Рада Безпеки довела свою повну неспроможність через вето агресора, постійного члена РБ. Рішення Міжнародного суду ООН Росія показово ігнорує. Упродовж 2014-2023 років Генеральна Асамблея своїми резолюціями підтримувала українську боротьбу та засуджувала агресора. Проте резолюції Генеральної Асамблеї мають рекомендаційний характер. Абсолютна меншість країн відверто ставала на бік Росії, але доволі багато країн утримувалися, або взагалі не голосували. Країни, які не підтримують Україну, – в меншості, втім, на жаль, вони репрезентують кількісну більшість людства. Мотиви їхньої непідтримки – різні, проте головне, що вони в результаті свідомо ігнорують Статут ООН. Значною мірою сучасна російсько-українська війна має екзистенційний характер для визначення подальшої долі людської цивілізації і майбутнього Організації Об’єднаних Націй. Ключові слова: ООН, Генеральна Асамблея, Рада Безпеки, російська агресія в Україну, принципи міжнародного права.
Проблеми та перспективи реформування ООН: позиція України
Authors: Грачевська Таміла , Гірман Алла
Published: December 2023

Статтю присвячено аналізу позиції України щодо потенційних шляхів реформування ООН у період її функціонування на міжнародній арені як незалежної держави. Особливу увагу приділено розгляду причин необхідності реформування ООН; визначенню головних напрямів здійснення докорінних змін у практиці функціонування інститутів ООН (Ради Безпеки ООН, особливостей застосування права вето); характеристиці поглядів українських дипломатів на можливості та перешкоди на шляху реформування ООН; дослідженню позиції України щодо реформування провідних напрямів діяльності ООН, зокрема миротворчої діяльності.

Ключові слова: Рада Безпеки ООН, Генеральна Асамблея ООН, право вето, миротворча діяльність, багатостороння дипломатія, резолюція, постійний представник.
Методичний підхід до аналізу та оцінки підприємницького потенціалу підприємства
Authors: Ковальська Любов , Левчук Іван , Левчук Олег
Published: December 2023

Мета статті – висвітлення авторського методичного підходу до аналізу та оцінки підприємницького потенціалу підприємства. Здійснено огляд методичних підходів до аналізу та оцінки зазначеного потенціалу, що показав наявність значної кількості методів та системи показників.

У статті представлено авторський методичний підхід до аналізу та оцінки підприємницького потенціалу, що містить такі елементи, як: мета, завдання, об’єкт та суб’єкт оцінки підприємницького потенціалу, інформаційна база дослідження підприємницького потенціалу, методи дослідження підприємницького потенціалу, напрями дослідження підприємницького потенціалу, показники оцінки підприємницького потенціалу за напрямами, інтегральна оцінка підприємницького потенціалу підприємства, виявлення резервів нарощення підприємницького потенціалу.

Запропоновано систему показників за напрямами оцінки підприємницького потенціалу підприємства: інтелектуальний потенціал, маркетинговий потенціал, фінансовий потенціал, інноваційний потенціал, інформаційний потенціал, виробничий потенціал, креативний потенціал. Обґрунтовано необхідність розрахунку інтегрального індексу підприємницького потенціалу підприємства.

Ключові слова: підприємницький потенціал, аналіз та оцінка, методичний підхід, показники, індекс, методи, інтелектуальний потенціал, маркетинговий потенціал, фінансовий потенціал, інноваційний потенціал, інформаційний потенціал, виробничий потенціал, креативний потенціал.
Перспективи подальшого розвитку макроекономічного моделювання на основі історичного досвіду його еволюції..
Authors: Талавиря Микола , Дорош Богдан , Дорош Богдан , Пінцак Святослав
Published: December 2023

У статті наведено ключові етапи розвитку макроекономічного моделювання та виявлено моделі, що домінували на кожному із етапів, а саме: прості теоретичні моделі, емпіричні прогностичні моделі та DSGE-моделі. Проаналізовано ключові особливості кожного етапу, а також причини їх неуспіху та заміни з теоретичного, практичного та прикладного боку. З теоретичного боку – це завжди великий обсяг критики від відомих вчених та поява нових теоретичних знань, недоступних раніше. З практичного боку – це настання неочікуваних подій, таких, як Велика депресія, які домінуючі на той час моделі не могли передбачити. З прикладного боку – це поява нових методів збору та аналізу даних, до прикладу, зародження економетрики. Доведено, що все ще домінуючі на сьогодні DSGE-моделі вже зазнали нищівної критики з боку відомих вчених таcвиявились неуспішними на практиці, не зумівши передбачити світову фінансову кризу 2008-2009 років, а нові досягнення в аналізі великих масивів даних дозволяють розробляти та застосовувати більш складні моделі. Запропоновано перехід, що вже частково розпочався, на нові агентські моделі, що довели свої переваги як у теорії, так і на практиці.

Ключові слова: макроекономіка, макроекономічне моделювання, DSGE-моделі, агентські моделі
Correlation Between Emotion Regulation And Self-Harm Tendencies in College Students
Authors: Putri Adinda Widya Ramadhana , Hariyono Dyta Setiawati
Published: December 2023

The individual's inability to solve problems causes distress, leading to negative emotions or affect. Some of the negative feelings that college students experience are, for example, working excessively, smoking, drinking alcoholic beverages, consuming drugs, or self-harming. College students should be able to make problem-solving plans correctly based on problem-solving steps and evaluate themselves to relevant arguments in solving problems. At least college students do not do self-harm behavior as a coping in their lives because students are judged to be able to think well in dealing with the problems they face. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between emotion regulation and self-harm tendencies in college students. This research method uses a quantitative approach to the type of correlational research. Sampling in this study used an incidental sampling technique. The subjects of this study were college students who were active in learning at the University of Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin, with as many as 312 subjects. The scale used in this study is the emotion regulation scale and the self-harm tendencies scale, with the scaling model being the Rating scale. The results of this study show that there is a negative and significant relationship between emotion regulation and self-harm tendencies in college students, with a coefficient (r) of -232 and a value (Sign.) of 0.000. This means if the emotional regulation is higher, the self-harm tendencies are lower. Meanwhile, emotional regulation is insufficient, and self-harm tendencies are higher.
Jorge Vilches, La Primera República Española (1873-1874). De la utopía al caos
Authors: Martín de la Guardia Ricardo
Published: December 2023

.
“Siempre soñé con venirme a Barcelona”. Percepciones desde la emigración andaluza a Catalunya durante el franquismo
Authors: Tudela Vázquez Enrique
Published: December 2023

Las migraciones interiores son un fenómeno clave de la historia contemporánea española, normalmente asociado a causas económicas. La aportación de la perspectiva de las personas migrantes, a través de biografías publicadas y el trabajo con fuentes orales, permite acceder a la experiencia que tuvieron los y las protagonistas de este fenómeno, ampliando nuestra comprensión de las migraciones y sus múltiples motivos. De ese modo, las migraciones andaluzas a Catalunya durante el franquismo pueden vincularse con las consecuencias de la guerra civil, que condujo a la creación de una cultura de la migración entre las décadas de 1940 y 1970.
Emociones, comunidades y emigración. El caso de los padres de familia españoles en Suiza
Authors: Langa-Nuño Concha
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo estudia los textos que los emigrantes españoles en Suiza discutieron en sus congresos de educación celebrados entre 1975 y 1983. Estos surgieron de las asociaciones de padres de familia que se unieron en 1976 en la Confederación de Asociaciones y Consejos Escolares de Padres de Familia de Suiza (CACEES). En sus escritos se evidencia su identificación como comunidad emocional basada en la necesidad de mantener y defender su identidad como emigrantes y como españoles, y de trasmitirla a sus hijos. También la identidad como hombres y mujeres emigrantes y como padres de familia. Además, comprobaremos el uso de códigos emocionales compartidos.
Los inicios del fomento turístico institucional en Barcelona: agentes, actuaciones, narrativas e imágenes en la obra de la Comisión de Atracción de Forasteros y Turistas (1906-1909)
Authors: Palou Rubio Saida
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo analiza los inicios de la institucionalización del turismo en Barcelona a partir de la actuación de la Comisión de Atracción de Forasteros y Turistas (1906-1909), una de las pioneras del estado en materia de fomento turístico. Entre sus actuaciones destaca: creación de una comunidad de agentes interesados en el turismo; articulación de una red de contactos internacionales; creación del primer eslogan e imagen de marca; apertura de una oficina de atención turística; recuento de visitantes; concesión de subvenciones; impulso a la publicación de propaganda turística. Además, puso las bases ideológicas del fomento público del turismo, considerado un factor de enriquecimiento económico y cultural para Barcelona.
Holodomor (1932-1993): una revisión de los acontecimientos que el Gobierno de Stalin quiso ocultar
Authors: García Andrés César
Published: December 2023

Al cumplirse 90 años desde el inicio de la gran hambruna ucraniana u Holodomor (1932-1933) es necesario hacer un balance sobre la misma. Se trata de uno de los periodos más oscuros y dramáticos de la historia de la Ucrania soviética y que actualmente continúa generando un gran interés y controversia. Este análisis examina tanto los primeros autores que trataron este asunto y las dificultades con las que se encontraron debido al hermetismo que existía en la URSS sobre el tema; así como el desarrollo de los acontecimientos para llegar a la hambruna, sus principales consecuencias y cómo se trató la misma durante los años en los que ocurrió.
¿“Educación y Descanso” para los trabajadores españoles? Falangismo y turismo social durante el desarrollismo franquista
Authors: Aguilar López-Barajas José Luis , Hernández Burgos Claudio , Nueda Lozano Alba
Published: December 2023

Este artículo analiza el proyecto de turismo social puesto en marcha por Falange a través de la Obra Sindical de Educación y Descanso. A través del control del ocio, los falangistas intentaron mantener su presencia política en la España “desarrollista”, que se incorporaba de forma irregular a las dinámicas definitorias de las sociedades de consumo. En esta investigación se abordan los programas de turismo social impulsados desde la OSED, cuestionando el funcionamiento de estos y evaluando hasta qué punto estas iniciativas sirvieron al partido para controlar el ocio y fomentar un cierto adoctrinamiento de sus beneficiarios, a la vez que contribuir a la expansión de la imagen del régimen como “dictadura del bienestar”. Para ello, mediante los documentos de archivo, se combinan las propuestas elaboradas por el partido y las respuestas que “desde abajo” se realizaron a tales ofertas, intentando desentrañar la constante dialéctica entre el Estado y la población.