bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can statistics of turbulent tracer dispersion be inferred from camera observations of SO2 in the ultraviolet? A modelling study
Authors: Kylling Arve , Ardeshiri Hamidreza , Cassiani Massimo , Dinger Anna Solvejg , Park Soon-Young , Pisso Ignacio , Schmidbauer Norbert , Stebel Kerstin , Stohl Andreas
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric turbulence and in particular its effect on tracer dispersion may be
measured by cameras sensitive to the absorption of ultraviolet (UV)
sunlight by sulfur dioxide
(SO2), a gas that can be considered a passive tracer over short
transport distances. We present a method to simulate UV camera
measurements of SO2 with a 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer model
which takes input from a large eddy simulation (LES) of a SO2
plume released from a point source. From the simulated images the
apparent absorbance and various plume density statistics
(centre-line position, meandering, absolute and relative dispersion, and
skewness) were calculated. These were compared
with corresponding quantities obtained directly from the LES.
Mean differences of centre-line position, absolute and
relative dispersions, and skewness between the
simulated images and the LES were generally found to be smaller than or
about the voxel
resolution of the LES. Furthermore, sensitivity studies were made to
quantify how changes in solar azimuth and zenith angles, aerosol loading
(background and in plume), and surface albedo impact the UV camera
image plume statistics. Changing the values of these parameters within realistic
limits has negligible effects on the centre-line position, meandering,
absolute and relative dispersions, and skewness
of the SO2 plume. Thus, we demonstrate that UV camera images of
SO2 plumes may be used to derive plume statistics of relevance for
the study of atmospheric turbulent dispersion.
Mobile atmospheric measurements and local-scale inverse estimation of the location and rates of brief CH4 and CO2 releases from point sources
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Broquet Grégoire , Yver-Kwok Camille , Laurent Olivier , Gichuki Susan , Caldow Christopher , Cropley Ford , Lauvaux Thomas , Ramonet Michel , Berthe Guillaume , Martin Frédéric , Duclaux Olivier , Juery Catherine , Bouchet Caroline , Ciais Philippe
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We present a local-scale atmospheric inversion framework to estimate the location and rate of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) releases from point sources. It relies on mobile near-ground atmospheric CH4 and CO2 mole fraction measurements across the corresponding atmospheric plumes downwind the sources, on high-frequency meteorological measurements, and a Gaussian plume dispersion model. It exploits the spread of the positions of individual plume cross-sections and the integrals of the gas mole fractions above the background within these plume cross-sections to infer the position and rate of the releases. It has been developed and applied to provide estimates of brief controlled CH4 and CO2 point source releases during a one-week campaign in October 2018 at the TOTAL's experimental platform TADI in Lacq, France. These releases lasted typically 4 to 8 minutes and covered a wide range of rates (0.3 to 200 gCH4/s and 0.2 to 150 gCO2/s) to test the capability of atmospheric monitoring systems to react fast to emergency situations in industrial facilities. It also allowed testing their capability to provide precise emission estimates for the application of climate change mitigation strategies. However, the low and highly varying wind conditions during the releases added difficulties to the challenge of characterizing the atmospheric transport over the very short duration of the releases. We present our series of measurements of CH4 and CO2 mole fractions using instruments onboard a car that drives along the roads ~50 to 150 m downwind the 40 m × 60 m area of controlled releases for each of the releases and the results from the inversions of the release locations and rates. The comparisons of these results to the actual position and rate of the controlled release indicate a 20 %–30 % average error on the release rates and a ~30–40 m errors in the estimates of the release locations. These results are shown to be promising especially since better results could be expected for longer releases and under meteorological conditions more favorable to local scale dispersion modeling.
Wind: generating power and cooling the power lines
Authors: Kaasik Marko , Mirme Sander
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The electric power that can be transmitted via high-voltage transmission lines is limited by the Joule heating of the conductors. In the case of coastal wind farms, the wind that produces power simultaneously contributes to the cooling of high-voltage overhead conductors. Ideally this would allow for increased power transmission or decreased dimensions and cost of the conductor wires. In this study we investigate how well the wind speed in coastal wind farms is correlated with wind along a 75 km long 330 kW power line towards inland. It is found that correlations between wind speed in coastal wind farms at turbine height and conductor-level (10 m) are remarkably lower (R=0.39–0.64) than between wind farms at distances up to 100 km from each other (R=0.76–0.97). Dense mixed forest surrounding the power line reduces both local wind speed and the correlations with coastal higher-level wind, thus making the cooling effect less reliable.
Investigating the sensitivity of soil respiration to recent snow cover changes in Alaska using a satellite-based permafrost carbon model
Authors: Yi Yonghong , Kimball John S. , Watts Jennifer D. , Natali Susan M. , Zona Donatella , Liu Junjie , Ueyama Masahito , Kobayashi Hideki , Oechel Walter , Miller Charles E.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The contribution of soil heterotrophic respiration to the boreal-Arctic carbon (CO2) cycle and its potential feedback to climate change remain poorly quantified. We developed a remote sensing driven permafrost carbon model at intermediate scale (~ 1 km) to investigate how environmental factors affect the magnitude and seasonality of soil heterotrophic respiration in Alaska. The permafrost carbon model simulates snow and soil thermal dynamics, and accounts for vertical soil carbon transport and decomposition at depths up to 3 m below surface. Model outputs include soil temperature profiles and carbon fluxes at 1-km resolution spanning the recent satellite era (2001–2017) across Alaska. Comparisons with eddy covariance tower measurements show that the model captures the seasonality of carbon fluxes, with favorable accuracy in predicting net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) in both tundra (R > 0.8, RMSE = 0.34 g C m−2 d−1) and boreal forest (R > 0.73, RMSE = 0.51 g C m−2 d−1). Benchmark assessments using two regional in-situ datasets indicate that the model captures the complex influence of snow insulation on soil temperature, and the temperature sensitivity of cold-season soil respiration. Across Alaska, we find that seasonal snow cover imposes strong controls on the contribution from different soil depths to total soil carbon emissions. Earlier snow melt in spring promotes deeper soil warming and enhances the contribution of deeper soils to total soil respiration during the later growing season, thereby reducing net ecosystem carbon uptake. Early cold-season soil respiration is closely linked to the number of snow-free days after land surface freezes (R = −0.48, p
Quantifying sediment mass redistribution from joint time-lapse gravimetry and photogrammetry surveys
Authors: Mouyen Maxime , Steer Philippe , Chang Kuo-Jen , Le Moigne Nicolas , Hwang Cheinway , Hsieh Wen-Chi , Jeandet Louise , Longuevergne Laurent , Cheng Ching-Chung , Boy Jean-Paul , Masson Frédéric
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The accurate quantification of sediment mass redistribution is central to the study of surface processes, yet it remains a challenging task. Here we
test a new combination of terrestrial gravity and drone photogrammetry methods to quantify sediment mass redistribution over a 1 km2
area. Gravity and photogrammetry are complementary methods. Indeed, gravity changes are sensitive to mass changes and to their location. Thus, by
using photogrammetry data to constrain this location, the sediment mass can be properly estimated from the gravity data. We carried out three joint
gravimetry–photogrammetry surveys, once a year in 2015, 2016 and 2017, over a 1 km2 area in southern Taiwan, featuring both a wide meander of
the Laonong River and a slow landslide. We first removed the gravity changes from non-sediment effects, such as tides, groundwater, surface
displacements and air pressure variations. Then, we inverted the density of the sediment with an attempt to distinguish the density of the
landslide from the density of the river sediments. We eventually estimate an average loss of 3.7 ± 0.4 × 109 kg of
sediment from 2015 to 2017 mostly due to the slow landslide. Although the gravity devices used in this study are expensive and need week-long
surveys, new instrumentation currently being developed will enable dense and continuous measurements at lower cost, making the method that has been
developed and tested in this study well-suited for the estimation of erosion, sediment transfer and deposition in landscapes.
Eine Krise regionaler Identität und ihr Gebrauchswert für rechtsgerichtete politische Gruppen – ein Beispiel aus Vorpommern
Authors: Klüter Helmut
Published: June 2020

Abstract. For the first time since the reunification of Germany, right-wing activists
and politicians have attempted to take over a university city, i.e. a place
where the highly educated, creative, cosmopolitan, innovation-oriented
groups should be more likely to question irrational populism than elsewhere.
An internal organizational problem – in this case: the renaming of the
University of Greifswald – which normally should be solved with on-board
resources, was shifted to a regional political level as a dispute over Ernst
Moritz Arndt. Arndt was one of the most aggressive nationalists in German
history, whose name was given to the university under fascist rule in 1933.
The dispute was emotionalized by demonstrations and letters to the editor of
the regional newspaper, taken up by groups and parties predominantly from
the right-wing spectrum. It was brought into a populist form, and pushed
with high journalistic effort into the regional public sphere as a
Pomeranian identity crisis. In spite of the enormous pressure from outside
and the numerous attempts at intimidation, it is admirable that the
University Senate members decided to discard the name of Arndt – 63 years
after the end of World War II. Although the result of the renaming was noted nationwide, its dramatic circumstances and background were not presented. However, this would have been necessary in order to show how strong right-wing radicalism already is in some regions, by which coalitions it is further enhanced, how strongly it is favoured by the spatial over-centralisation of state institutions, and what a university has to afford in order to assert itself successfully in such an environment.
Research on real-time elimination of UWB radar ranging abnormal value data
Authors: Yan Xin , Liu Hui , Xin Guoxuan , Huang Hanbo , Jiang Yuxi , Guo Ziye
Published: June 2020

Abstract. For indoor positioning, ultra-wideband (UWB) radar comes to the forefront due to its strong penetration, anti-jamming, and high precision ranging abilities. However, due to the complex indoor environment and disorder of obstacles, the problems of diffraction, penetration, and ranging instability caused by UWB radar signals also emerge. During the experiment of indoor positioning with UWB radar ranging module P440, it was found that the distance information measured in a short time was unstable, because of the complex indoor environment and unpredictable noise signal. Therefore, the abnormal value migration of the positioning trajectory occurred in real-time positioning. To eliminate this phenomenon and provide more accurate results, the abnormal values need to be removed. It is not difficult to eliminate abnormal value accurately based on a large number of data, but it is still a difficult problem to ensure the stability of the positioning system by using a small amount of measurement data in a short time to eliminate abnormal value in real-time ranging data. Thus, this paper focuses on the experimental analysis of a UWB-based indoor positioning system. To improve the stability of UWB radar ranging data and increase the overall accuracy, this paper studies a large number of UWB radar ranging data by using high-frequency ranging instead of mean value to train estimation model. Based on the Gaussian function outlier detection, abnormal values are eliminated. By using the training distance estimation model and estimating the distance value, the ranging error obtained is nearly 50 % lower than the peak and mean ranging errors in general.
Spatio-temporal controls of C-N-P dynamics across headwater
catchments of a temperate agricultural region from public data
analysis
Authors: Guillemot Stella , Fovet Ophelie , Gascuel-Odoux Chantal , Gruau Gérard , Casquin Antoine , Curie Florence , Minaudo Camille , Strohmenger Laurent , Moatar Florentina
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Characterizing and understanding spatial variability in water quality for a variety of chemical elements is an issue for present and future water resource management. However, most studies of spatial variability in water quality focus on a single element and rarely consider headwater catchments. Moreover, they assess few catchments and focus on annual means without considering seasonal variations. To overcome these limitations, we studied spatial variability and seasonal variation in dissolved C, N, and P concentrations at the scale of an intensively farmed region of France (Brittany). We analyzed 185 headwater catchments (from 5–179 km2) for which 10-year time series of monthly concentrations and daily stream flow were available from public databases. We calculated interannual loads, concentration percentiles, and seasonal metrics for each element to assess their spatial patterns and correlations. We then performed rank correlation analyses between water quality, human pressures, and soil and climate features. Results show that nitrate (NO3) concentrations increased with increasing agricultural pressures and base flow contribution; dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations decreased with increasing rainfall, base flow contribution, and topography; and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations showed weaker positive correlations with diffuse and point sources, rainfall and topography. An opposite pattern was found between DOC and NO3: spatially, between their median concentrations, and temporally, according to their seasonal cycles. The annual maximum NO3 concentration was in-phase with maximum flow when the base flow index was low, but this synchrony disappeared when flow flashiness was lower. The annual maximum SRP concentration occurred during the low-flow period in nearly all catchments. The approach shows that despite the relatively low frequency of public water quality data, such databases can provide consistent pictures of the spatio-temporal variability of water quality and of its drivers as soon as they contain a large number of catchments to compare and a sufficient length of concentration time series.
Minimizing the impact of vacating instream storage of a multi-reservoir system: a tradeoff study of water supply and empty flushing
Authors: Wu Chia-Wen , Chou Frederick N.-F. , Lee Fong-Zuo
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Reservoir operator does not favor storage above a certain level in situations such as the pre-release operation prior to a flood, scheduled engineering constructions or mechanical excavations of sediments in the impoundments, drawdown and empty flushing, etc. This paper selects the last of which as the case study, and a method is presented to promote the feasibility of emptying reservoir storage. The impact of emptying reservoir on water supply is minimized through appropriate joint operation in a multi-reservoir system, where drawdown and empty flushing is carried out in a primary reservoir and the other reservoirs provide backup water for supply. This method prioritizes allocating the storage in the primary reservoir for water supply during specific periods prior to its empty. If the storage of every reservoir achieves its predefined conditions, drawdown of the primary reservoir is activated and followed by empty flushing. Previously preserved storage in the other reservoirs ensures adequate water supply during the periods of emptying the primary reservoir. Flushing of the primary reservoir is continued until either the accumulative released water exceeds the specified volume, storage in the backup reservoirs drops below the pre-defined threshold, or the inflow to the primary reservoir recedes from the flood peak to be below the releasing capacity of outlets. This behavior is simulated and linked with a nonlinear optimization algorithm to calibrate the optimal parameters defining the activation and termination of empty flushing. The optimized strategy limits the incremental water shortage within the acceptable threshold and maximizes the expected benefits of emptying reservoir.
Assessment of the geomorphic effectiveness of controlled floods in a braided river using a reduced-complexity numerical model
Authors: Ziliani Luca , Surian Nicola , Botter Gianluca , Mao Luca
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Most Alpine rivers have undergone significant alterations in flow and sediment regimes. These alterations have notable effects on river morphology and ecology. One option to mitigate such effects is flow regime management, specifically through the reintroduction of channel-forming discharges. The aim of this work is to assess the morphological changes induced in the Piave River (Italy) by two distinct controlled-flood strategies, the first characterized by a single artificial flood per year and the second by higher-magnitude but less frequent floods. This work involved applying a two-dimensional reduced-complexity morphodynamic model (CAESAR-LISFLOOD) to a 7 km long reach, characterized by a braided pattern and highly regulated discharges. Numerical modelling allowed the assessment of morphological changes for four long-term scenarios (2009–2034). The scenarios were defined considering the current flow regime and the natural regime, which was estimated by a stochastic physically based hydrologic model. Changes in channel morphology were assessed by measuring active-channel width and braiding intensity. A comparison of controlled-flood scenarios to a baseline scenario (i.e. no controlled floods) showed that artificial floods had little effect on channel morphology. More channel widening (13.5 %) resulted from the high-magnitude flood strategy than from the application of the other strategy (8.6 %). Negligible change was observed in terms of braiding intensity. The results indicate that controlled floods do not represent an effective solution for morphological recovery in braided rivers with strongly impacted flow and sediment regimes.
Model development for simulating mudslide and the case study of the failure of the gypsum tailings dam in East Texas in 1966
Authors: Wu Tso-Ren , Vuong Thi-Hong-Nhi , Wang Chun-Yu , Chu Chia-Ren , Lin Chun-Wei
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Mudslides, avalanches, and mine dam-breaks can be serious disasters and cause severe damages but the detailed flow field description has not been completed yet. This paper developed a modified Bi-viscosity model (MBM) to solve the mudslide flow by adopting Bingham model (BM) and the conventional Bi-viscosity model (CBM). In both CBM and MBM, a yield strain rate is used to identify the plug and liquefied rheological prosperities. In the MBM, an extremely high plug viscosity adopted to represent the stratification effect. BM, CBM, and MBM are integrated into the Splash3D model, which solves Navier-Stokes equations with PLIC-VOF surface-tracking algorithm. The viscosity term is solved by implicit iteration. The model is carefully validated with theoretical results and laboratory data with good agreements. The Splash3D model is then used to study the failure of the gypsum tailings dam in East Texas in 1966, briefed as FGT66. A series of sensitivity analyses on the yield strain rate and grid resolution is performed. The results show that the predicted flood distance and flood speed by MBM is very close to the field data. The MBM results illustrate the process that the plug zone and liquefied zone is developed. The simulations show the initiation of the mudslide flow, the development of the slip surface, the flooding process, and the velocity ceasing process. The slip surface is developed automatically without empirical equations. By comparing the results of BM, CBM, and MBM to the field data, we conclude that the liquefied tailings are under the effect of stratification, and the stratification effect is presented in the extremely high plug viscosity in the Splash3D model.
Application of ensemble transform data assimilation methods for parameter estimation in nonlinear problems
Authors: Ruchi Sangeetika , Dubinkina Svetlana , de Wiljes Jana
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Identification of unknown parameters on the basis of partial and noisy data is a challenging task in particular in high dimensional and nonlinear settings. Gaussian approximations to the problem, such as ensemble Kalman inversion, tend to be robust, computationally cheap and often produce astonishingly accurate estimations despite the inherently wrong underlying assumptions. Yet there is a lot of room for improvement specifically regarding the description of the associated statistics. The tempered ensemble transform particle filter is an adaptive sequential Monte Carlo method, where resampling is based on optimal transport mapping. Unlike ensemble Kalman inversion it does not require any assumptions regarding the posterior distribution and hence has shown to provide promising results for non-linear non-Gaussian inverse problems. However, the improved accuracy comes with the price of much higher computational complexity and the method is not as robust as the ensemble Kalman inversion in high dimensional problems. In this work, we add an entropy inspired regularisation factor to the underlying optimal transport problem that allows to considerably reduce the high computational cost via Sinkhorn iterations. Further, the robustness of the method is increased via an ensemble Kalman inversion proposal step before each update of the samples, which is also referred to as hybrid approach. The promising performance of the introduced method is numerically verified by testing it on a steady-state single-phase Darcy flow model with two different permeability configurations. The results are compared to the output of ensemble Kalman inversion, and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods results are computed as a benchmark.
Melatonin in the colon modulates intestinal microbiota in response to stress and sleep deprivation
Authors: Park Young Sook , Kim Soo Hyung , Park Jong Won , Kho Younglim , Seok Pu Rum , Shin Jae-Ho , Choi Yoon Ji , Jun Jin-Hyun , Jung Hee Chan , Kim Eun Kyung
Published: June 2020

Background/Aims: Stress is closely related to the deterioration of digestive disease. Melatonin has potent anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of water stress (WS) and sleep deprivation (SD) on intestinal microbiota and roles of melatonin in stressful condition. Methods: We used C57BL/6 mice and specially designed water bath for stress and SD for 10 days. We measured melatonin concentrations in serum, feces, and colon tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography. Genomic DNA was extracted from feces and amplified using primers targeting V3 to V4 regions of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Results: Compared to the control, melatonin concentration was lower in the WS and SD. Fecal concentration was 0.132 pg/mL in control, 0.062 pg/mL in WS, and 0.068 pg/mL in SD. In colon tissue, it was 0.45 pg/mL in control, 0.007 pg/mL in WS, and 0.03 pg/mL in SD. After melatonin treatment, melatonin concentrations in feces and colon tissue were recovered to the level of control. Metagenomic analysis of microbiota showed abundance in colitogenic microbiota in WS and SD. Melatonin injection attenuated this harmful effect. WS and SD showed decreased Lactobacillales and increased Erysipelotrichales and Enterobacteriales. Melatonin treatment increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus and decreased Bacteroides massiliensis and Erysipelotrichaceae. Conclusions: This study showed that stress and SD could affect intestinal dysbiosis and increase colitogenic microbiota, which could contribute to the aggravating digestive disease. Melatonin concentrations in feces and colon tissue decreased under WS and SD. Melatonin treatment brought recovery of melatonin concentration in colon tissue and modulating dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota.
Digital Governance in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Gajendra
Published: June 2020

Digital governance or e-governance is the application of information and communication technology (ICT) for delivering government services, exchange of ICT between government and people. The government services are made available to the citizens in a convenient, efficient and transparent manner through e-governance. The purpose of this study is to highlight digital governance in Nepal during and after international pandemic COVID-19. This paper emphasizes review of different studies on development of e-government and e-governance in Nepal as well as in developing countries. The outcome of the study will be helpful for policy makers and leaders to formulate effective e-government policies and standard during crisis.
Artificial intelligence as an innovative approach for investment in the future of healthcare in Egypt
Authors: Taie Eman Salman
Published: June 2020

Objective: To investigate perception of managers and patients about AI application in the healthcare domain in Egypt.Methods: The study is quasi-experimental conducted in Shams Specialized Hospital, Dar el-Shefaa hospital in Cairo, and Dar El Foad Hospital. Study subjects were composed of two groups: managers (nurse and medical) and patients. Three questionnaires were used for data collection (Managers’ knowledge about artificial intelligence, Managers’ perception of artificial intelligence, and patients’ perception about the application of AI in healthcare).Results: All of the managers, either nurse or medical, had a lack of knowledge about AI. Nurse Managers perceived most items positively regarding the application of artificial intelligence in nursing, while medical managers perceived all items positively regarding the application of artificial intelligence in medicine. On the same line, the highest percentage of patients agreed upon the application of artificial intelligence in healthcare.Conclusions: There was a highly significant difference (p < .001) between managers’ knowledge about AI before and after awareness sessions. The majority of nurses and medical managers’ perceived the application of AI positively in nursing and medicine. Also, patients perceived the application of AI in healthcare positively.
Alleviation of Refugees COVID-19 Pandemic Risks- A Framework for Uncertainty Mitigation
Authors: Buheji Mohamed , Mavrić Bartola , Beka Godfred , Yein Tulika Chetia
Published: June 2020

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the refugees has been a global concern where the possibility of its impact on the total life and livelihood is expected to be tremendous; unless drastic intervention programs are deployed in time of disaster.  This paper explores the three largest most vulnerable refugee groups facing the pandemic of COVID-19. The work was approached from a multidisciplinary perspective with the aim of observing the topic from various mindsets such as economy, social science, history, and culture so that a holistic solution can be proposed. 

Refugees’ variables of uncertainty are examined during both the literature review and the case study. Then the formula of uncertainty is developed, based on the synthesis of both the cases and literature. The uncertainty is then mitigated and eliminated while talking about the risks of the COVID-19, and its potential spread. Finally, a generic framework is proposed so that the refugees not only are protected, but believe that they can have alternative solutions as they come out of the crisis. The paper brings in lots of implications to the international funding agencies, the refugees hosting countries and the local NGOs in the ground; beside the refugees themselves.
Exploring the Impact of Strategic Flexibility on Business Model Innovation under the Open Innovation Activity: The Moderating Roles of Multiple Factors with Competitive Ties and Cooperative Ties
Authors: Xin Wang
Published: June 2020

This paper proposed a research model exploring the link among strategic flexibility, innovation openness, business model innovation, and introduced two moderating roles into this model. The result shows that innovation openness plays a partly mediating role between strategic flexibility and business model innovation. Collaborator ties negatively moderating the relationship between resource flexibility and innovation openness, positively moderating the relationship between coordination flexibility and innovation openness; The moderating effect of competitor ties is the same. In addition, the results of three interaction shows that the relationship between resource flexibility and innovation openness is negatively moderated by high collaborator ties and high competitor ties, while positively moderated by high collaborator ties and high competitor ties.

It’s suggested that enterprises effectively integrate the relationship between internal resources with external competitors and cooperators according to their own strategic flexibility characteristics, embedded open innovation activities in business.
The Intermediate Role of Organizational Flexibility in the Impact of Using Information Technology on the Efficiency of the Application of IT Governance in Jordanian Industrial Companies
Authors: Al-Hawamdeh Hamzeh Mohamed
Published: June 2020

The current study aimed to identify the intermediate role of organizational flexibility in the impact of using information technology on the efficiency of the application of IT governance in Jordanian industrial companies, the study population consisted of all Jordanian industrial companies which by the end of 2019 were (56) company. (23) company were excluded due to the lack of access to the necessary data for the study, bringing the study sample size to (33) company. Due to the small size of the study sample, all companies were taken with a comprehensive survey, and a random stratified sample was adopted to determine the size of the study sample in each company. Where the inspection unit included individuals working in the upper and middle administrative levels in Jordanian industrial companies. Multiple linear correlation test was used along with simple and gradient test , as well as Path Analysis using (Amos) And supported by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program, the study reached many results, the most important of which was an indirect impact of the dimensions of the use of (information technology) combined ; in the efficiency of the application of IT governance with the presence of organizational flexibility as an intermediate variable among Jordanian industrial companies, as for the recommendations, it is necessary to find an organizational consistency between the uses of information technology in light of the use of COBIT 5 applications and guidelines in the presence of organizational flexibility, because it will help to adapt to unexpected crises and invest Opportunities for industrial companies at the local and global levels.
Realismo jurídico norte-americano, fatos sociais e decisões judiciais: repercussões no judiciário brasileiro
Authors: Mallmann Liana Zerbielli Trentin , Zambam Neuro José
Published: June 2020

O realismo jurídico contribuiu para uma abordagem crítica sobre como os tribunais americanos decidiam os casos judiciais. Seus idealizadores proferiram críticas contundentes ao formalismo jurídico e à aplicação mecânica das leis e defenderam que as decisões judiciais deveriam ser tomadas a partir dos fatos sociais e fossem coerentes com a realidade dos casos. Ademais, para o realismo, os juízes eram os responsáveis por “fazer o direito”. O método adotado para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa é o investigativo bibliográfico a partir de Arnaldo Sampaio Godoy e Daniel Ferreira. Mesmo sabendo que o movimento não foi difundido no Brasil, verifica-se que as decisões judiciais brasileiras carregam consigo traços do realismo, impressões particulares e preocupações com as consequências sociais das decisões. Assim, conclui-se que os entendimentos jurisprudenciais brasileiros estão sendo alternados conforme a rotatividade de julgadores no tribunal, caracterizando, desta forma, traços do realismo jurídico nos julgados brasileiros.
Der Europäische Verfassungsverbund
Authors: Pernice Ingolf
Published: June 2020

Der Brexit ist da – aber die Art der künftigen Beziehungen zwischen EU und UK bleibt offen. Höchste Zeit, die Frage nach der Zukunft der EU zu stellen: Europa verstehen, dann reformieren.

Die zusammengestellten Texte suchen Antwort aus verfassungsrechtlicher Perspektive. Der Autor, Prof. Dr. Dres. h.c. Pernice, betrachtet das Konzept und die Entwicklung der EU aus dem Blickwinkel der Einzelnen: Menschen, die verstehen, dass Herausforderungen wie die Wahrung des Friedens oder der Schutz der Umwelt nur mit der Konstituierung supranationaler Kompetenz zu bewältigen sind, durch Verfassung jenseits des Staates.

Das Ergebnis ist (im ersten Schritt) eine gestufte rechtliche Grundordnung des – Staaten und Union umfassenden – Gemeinwesens EU, das als „Europäischer Verfassungsverbund“ erklärt wird und in dem sich die Bürgerinnen und Bürger als Legitimationssubjekte beider miteinander verflochtenen (Teil-)Verfassungen verstehen, jeweils ihres Mitgliedstaats und der EU.

Ausgehend von der kritischen Würdigung des Spinelli-Entwurfs einer Verfassung für Europa (1984) bis hin zur Betrachtung der Normativität der Europäischen Verfassung angesichts der Rechtsstaatsprobleme in Polen (2019) verdeutlichen die hier abgedruckten Beiträge auch die praktische Bedeutung dieses theoretischen Konzepts für das Verständnis vieler Schlüsselprobleme des europäischen Verfassungsrechts wie

Vorrangprinzip

Grundrechtsschutz

Demokratiedefizit

föderale Balance und Kompetenzabgrenzung

Subsidiaritäts- und Solidaritätsprinzip

nationale Identität

Vollendung der Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion

Nach Finanzkrise und Brexit, und angesichts der Corona-Krise, weisen die Beiträge den Weg für notwendige weitere Reformen.

Mit einem Vorwort von Koen Lenaerts, Präsident des EuGH.
PROTEÇÃO DOS PARTICULARES E CENSURA PRIVADA: A JURISPRUDÊNCIA CONSTITUCIONAL SOBRE OS LIMITES À LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO
Authors: Souza Elden Borges , Pinheiro Victor Sales
Published: June 2020

Um dos princípios fundamentais das democracias contemporâneas é a liberdade de expressão. A pluralidade política, religiosa e de pensamento que marcou o desenvolvimento do Ocidente fez com que a afirmação da democracia viesse, como regra, conjugada à afirmação de algumas liberdades fundamentais. No entanto, a liberdade de pensamento também é relevante para as relações entre particulares. Tanto para que se identifiquem os casos em que se aplica, como para definir seus limites. Afinal, normalmente essas limitações são vistas como potencial censura. No entanto, tal limitação é necessária, pois, como qualquer direito fundamental, a liberdade de expressão não pode servir de guarida a atitudes que violem outros interesses constitucionalmente previstos. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal ao ponderar os limites admissíveis à liberdade de expressão, buscando identificar a sistemática utilizada para aplicação dessa liberdade às relações entre particulares. A pesquisa analisa alguns casos emblemáticos julgados a partir da promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988 por meio de uma metodologia bibliográfica e dialética.
A HERMENÊUTICA JURÍDICA EM HANS KELSEN E A CRIMINALIZAÇÃO DA HOMOFOBIA E DA TRANSFOBIA
Authors: Mendonça Samuel , Juliano Luiz Felipe Mendes
Published: June 2020

A presente pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo o julgamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre a criminalização da homofobia e da transfobia, sendo feita uma análise desse caso a partir da hermenêutica jurídica em Hans Kelsen. Para essa empreitada, o método é a pesquisa bibliográfica. O primeiro momento dessa pesquisa constitui-se de revisão de literatura em bases nacionais e internacionais sobre o tema. Além disso, também é contemplado o estudo de livros de Kelsen e de seus principais comentadores nacionais, em especial, Fábio Ulhoa Coelho e Tercio Sampaio Ferraz Junior. Já o outro momento da pesquisa bibliográfica se dá com a análise jurisprudencial, o estudo de caso, focalizando no referido julgamento em particular. Com a análise de todos esses materiais, é possível formular a pergunta que ensejou a investigação: há elementos da hermenêutica jurídica em Kelsen que expliquem o julgamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal acerca da criminalização da homofobia e da transfobia? Então, tomando por base os textos analisados, permite-se apontar, enquanto resultados obtidos, uma resposta positiva.
Maxillary premolars extraction or molar distalization with or without TADs: cephalometric evaluation of soft tissue changes in Class II treatment
Authors: Moser Lorenz , Di Lorenzo Enrica , Serafin Marco , Maino Giuliano , Schneider-Moser Ute , Cozzani Mauro , Caprioglio Alberto
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Problem solving in Class II malocclusion treatment performed with premolars extractions or distalizing techniques in relation to the profile modification.

Aim: To cephalometrically compare soft tissue changes produced either by maxillary premolar extraction, tooth-borne Pendulum appliance or bone-borne MGBM appliance.

Materials and Methods: Both pre- (T1) and post-treatment (T2) lateral cephalograms of 89 skeletal Class II patients (36 M, 53 F), treated during pubertal growth spurt, were retrospectively selected. Three groups were formed based on the therapy performed: 30 patients had been treated with maxillary first premolars extraction (U4), 31 patients with a conventional tooth-borne distalizing with Pendulum appliance (PA), and 28 patients with a skeletally anchored distalizing appliance (MGBM). Soft tissue was analyzed comparing upper (UL) and lower (LL) lip’s points with regard to True Vertical Line (TVL) and Esthetic plane (E-plane). Skeletal and dental values have been recorded in order to cephalometrically compare ΔT2-T1 changes among groups and to correlate dental and skeletal changes to profile modifications. One-way ANOVA was employed to compare groups at T1. Paired sample t-tests were employed to assess significant intra- and intergroup differences between T2 and T1. Significance level was set at 0.05

Results: UL and LL showed a slight but not significant retrusion relative to TVL in all three groups. UL and LL distances to E-plane were not statistically significant among U4, PA, and MGBM groups. Independently of the treatment, UL was tangent to TVL in all groups. No statistically significant differences have been shown in skeletal records. Significant differences were recorded in Overjet among U4 than PA and MGBM groups.

Conclusions: Class II malocclusion treatment with maxillary first premolar extraction, conventional or skeletal distalization did not significantly affect the profile producing similar changes in the soft tissue.
L’APPROBATION DES ENGAGEMENTS INTERNATIONAUX IMPORTANTS DU QUÉBEC : LA NOUVELLE DIMENSION PARLEMENTAIRE À LA DOCTRINE GÉRIN-LAJOIE
Authors: Turp Daniel
Published: June 2020

La doctrine Gérin-Lajoie a bien servi le Québec. Depuis sa formulation en 1965, le gouvernement du Québec a appliqué cette doctrine pour assumer de engagements internationaux et assurer sa représentation extérieure, tant auprès États et qu’au sein des organisations internationales. Ces actions ont fait du Québec un acteur dynamique sur la scène mondiale. Le prolongement international des compétences internes du Québec sur laquelle se fonde cette doctrine a également conduit à la création d’un ministère des Relations internationales qui coordonne l’action internationale du Québec. Depuis 2002, la doctrine Gérin-Lajoie s’est vue conférer une dimension parlementaire à travers le processus d’approbation des engagements internationaux importants du Québec. La Loi sur le ministère des Relations internationales définit un « engagement international important » comme un accord international exigeant, pour sa mise en oeuvre par le Québec, l’adoption d’une loi ou de la prise d’un règlement, l’imposition d’une taxe ou l’acceptation d’un obligation financière importante, concernant les droits de la personne ou le commerce international ou devant être déposé à l’Assemblée nationale. Parmi les nombreux accords internationaux qui lient aujourd’hui le Québec, 54 ont été considérés comme "importants" et ont été déposés à l’Assemblée nationale du Québec. Ils ont, sauf dans deux cas, été approuvés par ses membres. Dans la grande majorité des cas, l’approbation a été donnée par un vote unanime. Cette nouvelle pratique révèle cependant quelques lacunes liées au retard et au calendrier d’approbation. Alors que le Canada ne prévoit pas d’approbation parlementaire pour ses engagements internationaux importants, cette nouvelle dimension parlementaire de la doctrine Gérin-Lajoie contribue à une véritable démocratisation du processus par lequel le Québec se déclare lié par les engagements internationaux importants. L’Assemblée nationale assume ainsi, et d’une façon nouvelle, son rôle de dépositaire des droits et des pouvoirs historiques et inaliénables du peuple du Québec.
VINGT-CINQ ANS DE PARADIPLOMATIE CLIMATIQUE QUÉBÉCOISE : QUEL BILAN POUR L’ACTION INTERNATIONALE DU QUÉBEC ?
Authors: Chaloux Annie
Published: June 2020

En janvier 2014, le Québec et la Californie liaient officiellement leur système de plafonnement et d’échange d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre (SPEDE), ce qui créait, par le fait même, le tout premier marché du carbone multisectoriel en Amérique du Nord, et le 2e plus important marché du carbone du monde après celui de l’Union européenne. De façon toute particulière, par cette action, le Québec concrétisait plus de vingt-cinq ans de paradiplomatie climatique et confirmait du coup le plein exercice de ses champs de compétence dans un domaine où celui-ci estime pouvoir intervenir à la fois au niveau interne et au niveau international, à l’instar de ce qu’énonçait la doctrine Gérin-Lajoie, diffusée et adoptée par le gouvernement du Québec depuis les cinquante dernières années. Comment expliquer ce développement paradiplomatique sur la question des changements climatiques ? Quelles ont été les stratégies développées pour assurer une présence active du Québec sur la scène internationale sur ces questions ? Et surtout, que conclure de ces actions paradiplomatiques québécoises face à la problématique des changements climatiques ? L’objectif de cet article est de présenter l’évolution de la paradiplomatie climatique québécoise, de présenter le marché du carbone de la Western Climate Initiative, dernier instrument paradiplomatique québécois et d’offrir une réflexion sur la portée de ce marché du carbone nord-américain dans la paradiplomatie climatique québécoise. Cet article s’inscrit donc dans la littérature sur la paradiplomatie et le fédéralisme et permet de cerner l’action internationale du Québec dans le domaine des changements climatiques, secteur considéré désormais comme l’un des piliers de son action internationale contemporaine.
LE QUÉBEC ET LES ÉCONOMIES ÉMERGENTES
Authors: Arès Mathieu , Granger Serge
Published: June 2020

En mai 2006, le gouvernement du Québec a dévoilé sa nouvelle politique internationale soulignant au passage un « nouvel ordre mondial marqué par l’ascension des économies émergentes ». Cette nouvelle politique internationale rappelait qu’il ne fallait pas abandonner les partenaires traditionnels comme les États-Unis et l’Europe, mais promettait de développer de nouveaux marchés clairement identifiés aux économies émergentes comme celles de la Chine, l’Inde, le Brésil et le Mexique. Après une décennie de réalignement de la politique internationale québécoise axée sur les économies émergentes, un bilan s’impose.
LA POLITIQUE INTERNATIONALE DU QUÉBEC SOUS JEAN CHAREST : L’INFLUENCE D’UN PREMIER MINISTRE
Authors: Jeyabalaratnam Gopinath , Paquin Stéphane
Published: June 2020

La politique internationale du Québec sous la direction du premier ministre Jean Charest (2003-2012) présente un paradoxe. C’est en effet sous la direction d’un premier ministre résolument fédéraliste que le Québec a atteint un niveau de dynamisme jamais observé sur la scène internationale avec notamment de très nombreux précédents. De plus, malgré un contexte général d’austérité, son gouvernement a même augmenté ses investissements pour les questions internationales. Cet article cherche à en comprendre les raisons à partir notamment d’entrevues semi-dirigées avec des hauts fonctionnaires, des membres des cabinets politiques et l’ancien premier ministre lui-même. L’hypothèse est que le leadership du premier ministre qui est le principal facteur explicatif.
SUR UN ASPECT DE LA SANCTION EN DROIT INTERNATIONAL : LES DOMMAGES ET INTÉRÊTS PUNITIFS
Authors: Ferrero Julie , Demaria Tiphaine
Published: June 2020

Cet article s’interroge sur l’existence, en droit international positif, de l’institution des dommages et intérêts punitifs en droit de la responsabilité internationale. Il examine la définition et l’origine de la possibilité d’octroyer une somme d’argent pour dissuader et punir comme conséquence de la commission d’un fait internationalement illicite. Leur traitement à la Commission du droit international et surtout par la doctrine internationaliste, ainsi que les différents arguments utilisés dans l’appréhension de ce concept, feront l’objet d’une attention particulière. Conformément à l’objet de cette journée d’étude, est ensuite analysée la pratique des tribunaux internationaux, des arbitrages « classiques », sporadiques et ambivalents sur l’institution, jusqu’à la question de leur résurgence dans la jurisprudence récente. En effet, malgré un rejet initial, avec l’activisme reconnu des juridictions régionales de protection des droits de l’Homme en matière de réparation et d’exécution, l’idée d’une « pénalisation » de la responsabilité étatique en ce domaine germe dans la doctrine depuis plusieurs années. Il s’agira dès lors, à la lumière des éléments théoriques et pratiques étudiés, d’examiner la réapparition de ce concept en droit international des droits de l’Homme et les arguments avancés en ce sens.