bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geothermal food dehydrator system, operation and sensory analysis, and dehydrated pineapple quality
Authors: Pérez‐González Eduardo , Severiano‐Pérez Patricia , Aviña‐Jiménez Héctor M. , Velázquez‐Madrazo Olga Del C.
Published: February 2023

Food dehydration is a preservation technique that guarantees its supply. Food like vegetables and fruits are traditionally dehydrated with natural gas or solar energy, however, this work demonstrates the feasibility of doing it with energy from a geothermal power plant in Nayarit, Mexico. Different species of pineapple (Miel, Cayenne, and Esmeralda) were dehydrated at different temperatures from 64 to 80°C and the safety of the product was subsequently verified, for these aerobic mesophiles (<230 ufc/g), total coliforms (<0.3 s.m.), molds and yeasts (<120 v.e.), and salmonella spp (Absent in 25 g), and results were obtained within the proposed specifications, which were generated taking as reference the national and international guidance standards. A sensory evaluation, a modified Flash Profile (mFP), was carried out with a group of judges trained in descriptive methodology, since a better consensus of responses was obtained, thus demonstrating the usability of mFP for food dehydration. The studies of pineapple allowed the evaluation of production with the DGA 200 technology, and the microbiological standards, as well as sensory and physicochemical parameters, were considering just to verify that product is suitable for human consumption. The technology is a system that takes advantage of the heat of the earth, with which it is possible to work 7 days a week or the entire pineapple season. Physicochemical changes caused by its dehydration with respect to the content of vitamin C, carbohydrates, and dietary fiber in the three species of dehydrated pineapple were measured. In the fresh samples, an average concentration of vitamin C 9 mg/100 g, carbohydrates 11.6 g sugar/100 g, and dietary fiber 0.96% were measured. The dehydrated samples presented an average value of vitamin C of 95 mg/100 g, carbohydrates 72.6 g sugar/100 g, and dietary fiber 8.6%, these results were similar to Mühlbauer and Müller, 2020, Drying atlas, drying kinetics and quality of agricultural products, Elsevier.
Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil protects against Bisphenol A‐induced testicular mitochondrial damages
Authors: Aja Patrick Maduabuchi , Ogwoni Hilary Akobi , Agu Peter Chinedu , Ekpono Ejike Ugbala , Awoke Joshua Nonso , Ukachi Oliver Ugochukwu , Orji Obasi Uche , Ale Boniface Anthony , Nweke Chinonso Peter , Igwenyi Ikechukwu Okorie , Alum Esther Ugo , Chukwu Darlington C. , Offor Christian E. , Asuk Atamgba Agbor , Eze Ejike Daniel , Yakubu Ojochenemi E. , Akobi J. B. , Ani Onyedika Gabriel , Awuchi Chinaza Godswill
Published: February 2023

There has been increasing search for the ameliorative properties of seed oils against toxicants. bisphenol A acts as an estrogenic endocrine‐disrupting chemical capable of causing male infertility. This study aimed to explore Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil effects against mitochondrial damage in rats using bisphenol A. Forty‐eight rats were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 6) of eight rats each and fed the same food and water for 6 weeks. The group A rats were given 1 mL olive oil, while the ones in group B were given bisphenol A at 100 mL/kg body weight via oral route. Group C received C. mannii seed oil 7.5 mL/kg body weight C. mannii seed oil, while group D, group E, and group F were pre‐administered bisphenol A at 100 mL/kg body weight, followed by treatment with C. mannii seed oil at 7.5, 5, and 2.5 mL/kg body weight, respectively. Antioxidant enzymes, glutathione, reactive oxygen species, testicular volume, malondialdehyde, body weight, and testicular studies were done using standard methods. The results of the bisphenol A‐administered group showed a significant decrease in the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione, body weight, and testicular volume with elevation in the levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and testicular indices. BPA + CMSO‐treated group showed a significant increase in GPx activity compared with BPA‐exposed rats. CMSO treatment significantly increased catalase activity in comparison with that of rats exposed to BPA. Remarkably, C. mannii seed oil and bisphenol A co‐administration significantly reversed the abnormalities observed in the dysregulated biochemical biomarkers. Our findings suggest that C. mannii seed oil has considerable antioxidant potential which can be explored in therapeutic development against systemic toxicity induced by exposure to bisphenol A. Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil protects against bisphenol A‐induced testicular mitochondria damages.
Lewis Acid‐Mediated Ring Contraction of 2,4‐Diaryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepines: Access to 2‐Aryl‐1‐styrylbenzimidazoles
Authors: Zhang Mengyao , Wu Qiuyue , Xu Jiaxi
Published: February 2023

2,4‐Diaryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepines readily undergo a ring contraction to generate 2‐aryl‐1‐styrylbenzimidazoles in the presence of some Lewis acids. Copper acetate shows high efficiency compared with other Lewis acids. The ring contraction includes Lewis acid‐catalyzed intramolecular addition, ammonium‐induced ring‐opening of the generated four‐membered azetidine ring, deprotonation, and amine‐promoted nucleophilic styryl 1,2‐shift and elimination. Copper acetate serves as Lewis acid, base, and oxidant. The current reaction provides an efficient method for the convenient synthesis of 2‐aryl‐1‐styrylbenzimidazole derivatives from readily available 2,4‐diaryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepines.
Combination of naproxen and a chemically‐stable eicosapentaenoic acid analog provide additive tumor protection in Pirc rats
Authors: Beach Ryan , Hatano Yuichiro , Qiao Yong , Grady James , Sei Shizuko , Mohammed Altaf , Rosenberg Daniel W.
Published: February 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in the United States. Patients with the genetic disorder Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) develop hundreds to thousands of polyps that unless removed by prophylactic colectomy will progress to CRC at an early age. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have been evaluated for their chemopreventive potential in delaying CRC onset in high‐risk patients. In our study, we determined whether the NSAID, naproxen, alone or in combination with a chemically‐stable EPA analog (TP‐252), affects tumor formation in the ApcPirc rat model. When compared to control diet, animals fed naproxen or HD TP‐252 had 66% and 82% fewer tumors, respectively. However, animals fed a combination of naproxen and HD TP‐252, exhibited a 95% reduction in tumor formation and a 98% reduction in tumor volume, respectively. To elucidate potential mechanisms of tumor protection, a comprehensive, targeted lipidomic analysis was performed on colonic mucosa to determine changes in eicosanoid metabolism. Animals receiving TP‐252 alone or in combination with naproxen had significantly reduced mucosal levels of proinflammatory ω‐6 eicosanoids (PGE2, 5‐HETE and 14,15‐DiHETrE), along with a simultaneous increase in anti‐inflammatory EPA‐derived ω‐3 eicosanoids. A comprehensive lipidomic analysis also uncovered several potential pharmacodynamic (PD) lipid biomarkers, including resolvin E2, 9‐HEPE, 12‐HEPE and 18‐HEPE, that were significantly correlated with tumor protection. Further studies with this drug combination should be focused on dose optimization and the role of EPA‐derived lipid mediators in CRC initiation and progression.
Age‐related differences in cancer relative survival in the United States: A SEER‐18 analysis
Authors: Withrow Diana R. , Nicholson Brian D. , Morris Eva J. A. , Wong Melisa L. , Pilleron Sophie
Published: February 2023

Cancer survival has improved since the 1990s, but to different extents across age groups, with a disadvantage for older adults. We aimed to quantify age‐related differences in relative survival (RS—1‐year and 1‐year conditioning on surviving 1 year) for 10 common cancer types by stage at diagnosis. We used data from 18 United States Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results cancer registries and included cancers diagnosed in 2012 to 2016 followed until December 31, 2017. We estimated absolute differences in RS between the 50 to 64 age group and the 75 to 84 age group. The smallest differences were observed for prostate and breast cancers (1.8%‐points [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5‐2.1] and 1.9%‐points [95% CI: 1.5‐2.3], respectively). The largest was for ovarian cancer (27%‐points, 95% CI: 24‐29). For other cancers, differences ranged between 7 (95% CI: 5‐9, esophagus) and 18%‐points (95% CI: 17‐19, pancreas). Except for pancreatic cancer, cancer type and stage combinations with very high (>95%) or very low (<40%) 1‐year RS tended to have smaller age‐related differences in survival than those with mid‐range prognoses. Age‐related differences in 1‐year survival conditioning on having survived 1‐year were small for most cancer and stage combinations. The broad variation in survival differences by age across cancer types and stages, especially in the first year, age‐related differences in survival are likely influenced by amenability to treatment. Future work to measure the extent of age‐related differences that are avoidable, and identify how to narrow the survival gap, may have most benefit by prioritizing cancers with relatively large age‐related differences in survival (eg, stomach, esophagus, liver and pancreas).
How to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer: From mechanisms to translation
Authors: Wang Qianyu , Shen Xiaofei , Chen Gang , Du Junfeng
Published: February 2023

Immunotherapy, especially with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has shown advantages in cancer treatment and is a new hope for patients who have failed multiline therapy. However, in colorectal cancer (CRC), the benefit is limited to a small subset of patients with microsatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H) or mismatch repair‐deficient (dMMR) metastatic CRC (mCRC). In addition, 45% to 60% of dMMR/MSI‐H mCRC patients showed primary or acquired resistance to ICIs. This means that these patients may have potential unknown pathways mediating immune escape. Almost all mismatch repair‐proficient (pMMR) or microsatellite‐stable (MSS) mCRC patients do not benefit from ICIs. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action of ICIs and their current status in CRC. We then discuss the mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to ICIs in CRC. Finally, we discuss promising therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance to ICIs in the clinic.
Is the crop evapotranspiration rate a good surrogate for the recommended irrigation rate?
Authors: Friedman Shmulik P.
Published: February 2023

Numerous methodologies and technologies of varying levels of sophistication for irrigation rate determination have been developed over the years to address limited irrigation water availability and optimize water productivity. Crop evapotranspiration is currently evaluated mostly according to the FAO56 approach, which has been augmented in recent years with remote sensing of correlated plant indices. When no other information is available, the evapotranspiration rate does give an indication of the optimal irrigation rate in some circumstances. However, in many other circumstances discussed in this short communication, replenishing the soil with crop evapotranspiration either substantially overestimates or underestimates the optimal, physiological (agronomical/economical) irrigation rate. Consequently, this note raises doubts and opens a discussion about the extensive reliance on the evaluated crop (potential or actual) evapotranspiration rate for recommending an optimal irrigation rate (irrigation dose/irrigation amount).
The role of identity in the development of depressive, anxiety, and psychosis symptoms in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity
Authors: Samaey Celine , Lecei Aleksandra , Achterhof Robin , Hagemann Noëmi , Hermans Karlijn S. F. M. , Hiekkaranta Anu P. , Kirtley Olivia J. , Reininghaus Ulrich , Boets Bart , Myin‐Germeys Inez , van Winkel Ruud
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Childhood adversity is a major risk factor for psychiatric disorders and has especially been associated with an admixture of depressive, anxiety, and psychosis symptoms. Identity formation, a main developmental task during adolescence, may be impacted by these adverse experiences and act as an important process in the association between childhood adversity and psychopathology.

Methods

We investigated the association between childhood adversity, identity formation, and depressive, anxiety, and psychosis symptoms cross‐sectionally in 1913 Flemish adolescents between 11 and 20 years old (mean = 13.76, SD = 1.86). Adolescents completed questionnaires during the first wave of the SIGMA study between January 2018 and May 2019.

Results

Childhood interpersonal adversity was associated with increased identity confusion and decreased identity synthesis. Additionally, identity confusion was associated with increased self‐reported levels of psychopathology and potentially mediated the association between childhood adversity and psychopathology.

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of promoting healthy identity formation in adolescents with and without exposure to adverse childhood experiences.
On the compounding of nitrate loads and discharge
Authors: Kim Taereem , Villarini Gabriele , Kim Hanbeen , Jane Robert , Wahl Thomas
Published: February 2023

Compound extremes can arise from combinations of multiple drivers, and even non‐extreme univariate events can combine to cause large societal and economic impacts. In this study, we model multivariate compound events focusing on the potential interaction of nitrate loads and discharge. We use daily discharge and nitrate loads at seven US Geological Survey sites in the state of Iowa. We apply a two‐sided conditional sampling method, which derives two joint probabilities conditioning on discharge and nitrate loads, respectively. Our results show that there is a dependence between discharge and nitrate loads, which can be described through bivariate modeling and the subsequent estimation of their joint annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs). The magnitude of the joint AEPs to extreme discharge and extreme nitrate loads exhibit different structures across the different sites, highlighting the different roles of these two quantities in controlling their compounding. In examining the ranges in design values for a given AEP, we found that the largest variability in highly likely values was generally associated with high agricultural intensity, high hog density, and fertilizer expenditures.
Clinical guideline highlights for the hospitalist: Evaluation for bleeding disorders in suspected child abuse
Authors: Murray Liza , Puls Henry T.
Published: February 2023

GUIDELINE TITLE

Evaluation for Bleeding Disorders in Suspected Child Abuse

RELEASE DATE

October 2022

PRIOR VERSION(S)

2013

DEVELOPER

American Academy of Pediatrics

FUNDING SOURCE

American Academy of Pediatrics

TARGET POPULATION

Children and infants with bruising or bleeding suspicious for physical abuse
Challenges of cooperation for development: A case‐study analysis of Cuban health solidarity programmes in Nigeria
Authors: Khalil‐Babatunde Mouzayian , Panichelli‐Batalla Stéphanie
Published: February 2023

Cuba has long‐standing development partnerships with many African countries. In Nigeria, this includes medical staff training, interventions in malaria disease and death. Using a two‐tiered analytical framework and elite interviews, we problematise ideological conceptualisation of development and its praxis, particularly capability and willingness to explore alternative approaches or partnerships for development. We argue that what occurs between rhetoric and reality of this case is characteristic of entrenched structural and operational dynamics to layers of institutionalised development agenda‐setting sustained by international development policy regimes. This research highlights the need to explore alternative development approaches that engender mutually beneficial and equal partnerships.
Coaggregative interactions between rhizobacteria are promoted by exopolysaccharides from Sinorhizobium meliloti
Authors: Nocelli Natalia , Cossovich Sacha , Primo Emiliano , Sorroche Fernando , Nievas Fiorela , Giordano Walter , Bogino Pablo
Published: February 2023

Bacterial surface components and extracellular compounds such as exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are crucial for interactions between cells, tolerance to different types of stress, and host colonization. Sinorhizobium meliloti produces two EPSs: Succinoglycan (EPS I), which is involved in the establishment of symbiosis with Medicago sativa, and galactoglucan (EPS II), associated with biofilm formation and the promotion of aggregation. Here, we aimed to assess their role in aggregative interactions between cells of the same strain of a given species (auto‐aggregation), and between genetically different strains of the same or different species (intra‐ or intergeneric coaggregation). To do this, we used S. meliloti mutants which are defective in the production of EPS I, EPS II, or both. Macroscopic and microscopic coaggregation tests were performed with combinations or pairs of different bacterial strains. The EPS II‐producing strains were more capable of coaggregation than those that cannot produce EPS II. This was true both for coaggregations between different S. meliloti strains, and between S. meliloti and other common rhizobacteria of agricultural relevance, such as Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azospirillum brasilense. The exogenous addition of EPS II strongly promoted coaggregation, thus confirming the polymer's importance for this phenotype. EPS II may therefore be a key factor in events of physiological significance for environmental survival, such as aggregative interactions and biofilm development. Furthermore, it might be a connecting molecule with relevant properties at an ecological, biotechnological, and agricultural level.
Patellofemoral joint loading and early osteoarthritis after ACL reconstruction
Authors: Schache Anthony G. , Sritharan Prasanna , Culvenor Adam G. , Patterson Brooke E. , Perraton Luke G. , Bryant Adam L. , Guermazi Ali , Morris Hayden G. , Whitehead Timothy S. , Crossley Kay M.
Published: February 2023

Patellofemoral joint (PFJ) osteoarthritis is common following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and may be linked with altered joint loading. However, little is known about the cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationship between PFJ loading and osteoarthritis post‐ACLR. This study tested if altered PFJ loading is associated with prevalent and worsening early PFJ osteoarthritis post‐ACLR. Forty‐six participants (mean ± 1 SD age 26 ± 5 years) approximately 1‐year post‐ACLR underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biomechanical assessment of their reconstructed knee. Trunk and lower‐limb kinematics plus ground reaction forces were recorded during the landing phase of a standardized forward hop. These data were input into a musculoskeletal model to calculate the PFJ contact force. Follow‐up MRI was completed on 32 participants at 5‐years post‐ACLR. Generalized linear models (Poisson regression) assessed the relationship between PFJ loading and prevalent early PFJ osteoarthritis (i.e., presence of a PFJ cartilage lesion at 1‐year post‐ACLR) and worsening PFJ osteoarthritis (i.e., incident/progressive PFJ cartilage lesion between 1‐ and 5‐years post‐ACLR). A lower peak PFJ contact force was associated with prevalent early PFJ osteoarthritis at 1‐year post‐ACLR (n = 14 [30.4%]; prevalence ratio: 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.85) and a higher risk of worsening PFJ osteoarthritis between 1‐ and 5‐years post‐ACLR (n = 9 [28.1%]; risk ratio: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.13–2.11). Young adults post‐ACLR who exhibited lower PFJ loading during hopping were more likely to have early PFJ osteoarthritis at 1‐year and worsening PFJ osteoarthritis between 1‐ and 5‐years. Clinical interventions aimed at mitigating osteoarthritis progression may be beneficial for those with signs of lower PFJ loading post‐ACLR.
The differences in main components, enzyme activity, and microbial composition between substandard and normal jiuyao
Authors: Zhao Guoliang , Zhou Zhilei , Li Zhijiang , Liu Shuangping , Shan Zhichu , Cheng Fei , Zhou Weibiao , Mao Jian
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Jiuyao is a critical fermenting agent in traditional huangjiu brewing and it affects the quality of huangjiu. To assess and monitor the quality of jiuyao effectively we determined the differences between two common types of substandard jiuyao and normal jiuyao, with emphasis on the comparison of the main components, enzymatic activity, volatile substances, and microbial community structure.

RESULTS

The water and starch content, acid protease activity, and esterification capability of type I substandard jiuyao were significantly lower than those of the normal jiuyao, and the protein contents, liquefaction capability, glycation capability, and neutral protease activity were substantially higher than those of the normal jiuyao. Type II substandard jiuyao had significantly lower indices than the normal group except for the starch and free amino acid content, which were significantly higher than those of the normal jiuyao. Significant differences were observed between substandard and normal jiuyao in the content of 21 volatile compounds. 2‐Pentylfuran could be used as a marker of substandard jiuyao. Type I substandard jiuyao contained a higher abundance of aerobic Pediococcus and Marivita in comparison with the normal jiuyao. Type II substandard jiuyao consisted of a greater abundance of anaerobic Mucor and Staphylococcus.

CONCLUSION

The quality of jiuyao was significantly affected by the water content. Due to the different abundances of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in jiuyao, oxygen may also be an important parameter affecting the quality of jiuyao. We believe that the present study offers a theoretical basis for the evaluation and control of the quality of jiuyao. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Office‐based Blue Laser Therapy of Vocal Fold Polyps: A Cohort of 18 Patients
Authors: Hamdan Abdul‐Latif , Hosri Jad , Feghali Patrick Abou Raji , Abi Zeid Daou Christophe , Ghanem Anthony
Published: February 2023

Objective

To investigate the effect of office‐based blue laser therapy of vocal fold polyps on voice.

Methods

The medical records and video recordings of patients who underwent office‐based laser therapy in a tertiary referral center between February 2020 and May 2020, and May 2021 and October 2022 was conducted. Only patients with vocal fold polyps who had undergone office‐based blue laser therapy were included. The voice was evaluated before and after surgery using the Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10), GRB perceptual evaluation, acoustic analysis, and maximum phonation time.

Results

A total of 18 patients were included. The mean age of the study group was 52.5 ± 11.94 years. The male‐to‐female ratio was 2:1. Ten patients of the total group (53.6%) had hemorrhagic polyps and the most common site was the mid‐third of the vocal fold. All patients who presented for follow‐up (n = 15) had partial or complete regression of the lesion (4 and 11, respectively). There was a significant decrease in the mean score of VHI‐10 (17.6 ± 9.97 vs. 4.27 ± 5.76, p < 0.001) and in the means of grade of dysphonia (2.0 ± 0.73 to 0.5 ± 0.63, p < 0.001), roughness (1.88 ± 0.81 to 0.44 ± 0.51, p < 0.001) and breathiness (0.81 ± 0.75 to 0.13 ± 0.34 p < 0.001). There was also a marked decrease in the perturbation parameters (jitter and shimmer) and a significant increase in the MPT from 10.66 ± 4.22 s to 14.26 ± 6.26 s (p = 0.028).

Conclusion

Office‐based blue laser therapy is an effective treatment modality in patients with vocal fold polyps.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:2712–2718, 2023
Endoscopic Multiport Approach for Exenteration of the Infratemporal Fossa
Authors: Mongkolkul Kittichai , Alsavaf Mohammad Bilal , Salem Eman H. , VanKoevering Kyle K. , Kelly Kathleen , Hardesty Douglas A. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L.
Published: February 2023

Objective

To demonstrate anatomic relationships pertinent to the endoscopic multiport approach to the infratemporal fossa (ITF). Discuss advantages and limitations of each individual approach.

Study Design

Cadaveric study.

Methods

Endoscopic and endoscopic‐assisted endonasal transpterygoid, sublabial transmaxillary, endoscopic transorbital, and endoscopic transoral approaches to accessing the ITF were completed in five silicone‐injected fresh cadaveric specimens (10 sides) with the assistance of 0, 30, and 450 rods‐lens endoscopes. Image guidance was used to confirm and document the anatomical relationships encountered in each approach.

Results

The endonasal endoscopic transpterygoid approach provides better visualization and more direct exposure to median structures. Endoscopic‐assisted sublabial transmaxillary approach enhances the field of exposure, angle of attack, and ease of instrumentation to the lateral part of the ITF. Endoscopic‐assisted transorbital approach via the inferior orbital fissure provided cephalic and anterior access. Endoscopic‐assisted transoral approach complements the access to lesions extending inferior to the hard palate or far lateral to the mandibular condyle.

Conclusions

A combination of minimal access infratemporal approaches can provide adequate exposure of the entire ITF while avoiding some of the morbidity associated with open approaches.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 133:1367–1374, 2023
Influence of wildfire on the rapidly changing features of patchy permafrost, Northeast China
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Jin Huijun , He Ruixia , Wang Hongwei , Sun Long , Luo Dongliang , Li Yan , Huang Yadong , Yang Xue , Jin Xiaoying , Chang Xiaoli , Wang Lizhong , Wei Changlei , Zhang Ze
Published: February 2023

As an active ecological agent in the boreal forest, wildfires have many important impacts on the underlying permafrost. However, investigations of post‐fire changes in the features of ecosystem‐protected permafrost are extremely limited in the patchy permafrost regions, Northeast China. Additionally, the impacts of wildfires on patchy permafrost are complicated in this region. In this paper, based on field surveys and observations, permafrost features and their influencing factors were analyzed in the area burned in 2006. The results showed notably lower soil temperatures in shrub‐wetland (NWH1, unburned and NWH2, light burn) in comparison with those in the birch‐larch forest (NWH3, light burn and NWH4, moderate burn). Changes in shallow ground temperatures (0–4 m in depth) were significant. Mean annual soil temperatures (MAST) and annual maximum soil temperature at the light‐burn NWH2 site were 0.3–5.2°C higher than those of unburned NWH1, but annual minimum soil temperatures, 0.3–2.1°C lower. MASTs at the moderately burned NWH4 were 0.6–1.6°C higher than those at the light‐burn NWH3. The active layer thickness (ALT) was greater at burned sites, and; at the moderately burned site, only seasonal frost was found when 13 years after the burn. The contents of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were the highest at the unburned NWH1 from 0.0 to 0.4 m in depth, followed by those at the lightly‐burned NWH2 and NWH3, and the lowest at the moderately‐burned NWH4. Climate warming, forest fires, and changing local factors (e.g., soil moisture contents, snow cover, soil texture and drainage conditions) worked together to increase ground temperature and ALT. These research results could provide important scientific basis for the protection of boreal forest and wetlands and the ecosystem‐protected permafrost under a warming climate.
Higher dimensional Shimura varieties in the Prym loci of ramified double covers
Authors: Frediani Paola , Grosselli Gian Paolo , Mohajer Abolfazl
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we construct Shimura subvarieties of dimension bigger than one of the moduli space of δ‐polarized abelian varieties of dimension p, which are generically contained in the Prym loci of (ramified) double covers. The idea is to adapt the techniques already used to construct Shimura curves in the Prym loci to the higher dimensional case, namely, to use families of Galois covers of . The case of abelian covers is treated in detail, since in this case, it is possible to make explicit computations that allow to verify a sufficient condition for such a family to yield a Shimura subvariety of .
Some examples of equivalent rearrangement‐invariant quasi‐norms defined via f∗$f^*$ or f∗∗$f^{**}$
Authors: Doktorski Leo R. Ya. , Fernández‐Martínez Pedro , Signes Teresa
Published: February 2023

We consider Lorentz–Karamata spaces, small and grand Lorentz–Karamata spaces, and the so‐called , , , , , and spaces. The quasi‐norms for a function f in each of these spaces can be defined via the nonincreasing rearrangement or via the maximal function . We investigate when these quasi‐norms are equivalent. Most of the proofs are based on Hardy‐type inequalities. As an application, we demonstrate how our general results can be used to establish interpolation formulae for grand and small Lorentz–Karamata spaces.
Generalization of Hardy–Littlewood maximal inequality with variable exponent
Authors: Weisz Ferenc
Published: February 2023

Let be a measurable function defined on and . In this paper, we generalize the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator. In the definition, instead of cubes or balls, we take the supremum over all rectangles the side lengths of which are in a cone‐like set defined by a given function ψ. Moreover, instead of the integral means, we consider the ‐means. Let and satisfy the log‐Hülder condition and . Then, we prove that the maximal operator is bounded on if and is bounded from to the weak if . We generalize also the theorem about the Lebesgue points.
Non‐cooperative and cooperative environmental R&D under environmental corporate social responsibility with green managerial coordination
Authors: Xing Mingqing , Lee Sang‐Ho
Published: February 2023

We consider a polluting Cournot duopoly within a managerial delegation framework and examine conflicting environmental concerns in which the owners pursue strategic environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) while the managers undertake diverged environmental research and development (ER&D) investment. We investigate the effects of cooperation in both ECSR and ER&D on a firm's profitability and social welfare and find that managerial coordination has a critical effect on industry emissions, profits, and welfare. In the context of an optimal emissions tax, we show that managerial coordination failure might not occur, but it reduces welfare if the environmental damage is relatively high. We conclude that a pro‐environmental government should encourage cooperative ER&D, especially when owners adopt cooperative ECSR.
Migrant networks, international experience, and OFDI by EMNEs: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyang , Yi Changjun , Liao Jia , Zhan Yun
Published: February 2023

The impact of international migrant networks on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by multinational enterprises (MNEs) is an emerging research topic in the field of international business. Based on the data of A‐share listed companies from 2008 to 2020 in China, this study analyzes the impact of international migrant networks on OFDI by MNEs and further examines the moderating effect of firms' international experience. Our findings suggest that migrant networks have a facilitating effect on OFDI by MNEs, and firms' international experience plays a positive moderating role in the above relationship. We also find that the facilitation effect of migrant networks on OFDI by MNEs is more obvious in the context of greater geographical and cultural distance, indicating the positive effect of migrant networks in reducing information asymmetry and transaction costs. In addition, the facilitation effect of migrant networks on OFDI by MNEs is more significant in the subsample of the service industry. Our study contributes to the literature by providing new insights into the relationship between migrant networks and international expansion behavior.
18F‐Florzolotau Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Tau Pathology in the Living Brains of Patients with Corticobasal Syndrome
Authors: Liu Feng‐Tao , Lu Jia‐Ying , Li Xin‐Yi , Jiao Fang‐Yang , Chen Ming‐Jia , Yao Rui‐Xin , Liang Xiao‐Niu , Ju Zi‐Zhao , Ge Jing‐Jie , Li Gen , Shen Bo , Wu Ping , Song Jiong , Li Ji , Sun Yi‐Min , Wu Jian‐Jun , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Luo Jian‐Feng , Zhao Qian‐hua , Zuo Chuantao , Wang Jian ,   for the Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Neuroimage Initiative
Published: February 2023

Background

Recent development in tau‐sensitive tracers has sparkled significant interest in tracking tauopathies using positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers. However, the ability of 18F‐florzolotau PET imaging to topographically characterize tau pathology in corticobasal syndrome (CBS) remains unclear. Further, the question as to whether disease‐level differences exist with other neurodegenerative tauopathies is still unanswered.

Objective

To analyze the topographical patterns of tau pathology in the living brains of patients with CBS using 18F‐florzolotau PET imaging and to examine whether differences with other tauopathies exist.

Methods

18F‐florzolotau PET imaging was performed in 20 consecutive patients with CBS, 20 cognitively healthy controls (HCs), 20 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 16 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy–Richardson's syndrome (PSP‐RS). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of β‐amyloid biomarkers were quantified in all patients with CBS. 18F‐florzolotau uptake was quantitatively assessed using standardized uptake value ratios.

Results

Of the 20 patients with CBS, 19 (95%) were negative for CSF biomarkers of amyloid pathology; of them, three had negative 18F‐florzolotau PET findings. Compared with HCs, patients with CBS showed increased 18F‐florzolotau signals in both cortical and subcortical regions. In addition, patients with CBS were characterized by higher tracer retentions in subcortical regions compared with those with AD and showed a trend toward higher signals in cortical areas compared with PSP‐RS. An asymmetric pattern of 18F‐florzolotau uptake was associated with an asymmetry of motor severity in patients with CBS.

Conclusions

In vivo 18F‐florzolotau PET imaging holds promise for distinguishing CBS in the spectrum of neurodegenerative tauopathies. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Which type of female urinary incontinence has more impact on pelvic floor and sexual function in addition to anxiety and depression symptoms: A questionnaire‐based study
Authors: Demirci Aykut , Hızlı Fatih , Hamurcu Hayriye Dilek , Başar Halil
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To evaluate pelvic floor and sexual dysfunction, and anxiety and depression symptoms in females with different urinary incontinence (UI) types.

Materials and Methods

A cross sectional evaluation was made of 73 patients diagnosed with UI in the Urology Clinic between December 2021 and November 2022. In addition to demographic data, the points were recorded from the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ‐FLUTS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory‐20 (PFDI‐20).

Results

The mean age of the patients was 38.3 ± 3.7 years. Incontinence types of the patients were determined as 42% urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), 30.1% stress urgency incontinence (SUI), and 27.4% mixed type urinary incontinence (MUI). Anxiety symptoms were determined in 20.5% and depression symptoms in 41.1% of all the patients. The median ICIQ‐FLUTS score was determined to be significantly higher in the MUI patients than in the other types [25.5 (MUI) vs. 17 (SUI), p = 0.007; 16 (UUI), p = 0.001]. The median FSFI and HADS scores were seen to be similar in all the UI types (p = 0.1). The median PFDI‐20 score was found to be higher in the MUI group than in the UUI group (126.5 vs. 88.5, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

The sexual dysfunction and psychological symptoms were found to be similar in the patients according to UI type. The MUI patients were seen to have more incontinence symptoms compared to the other types and experienced more pelvic floor dysfunction than patients with UUI.
Associations between circadian disruption and cardiometabolic disease risk: A review
Authors: Ansu Baidoo Velarie , Knutson Kristen L.
Published: February 2023

The human circadian system plays a vital role in many physiological processes, and circadian rhythms are found in virtually all tissues and organs. The disruption of circadian rhythms may lead to adverse health outcomes. Evidence from recent population‐based studies was reviewed because they represent real‐world behavior and can be useful in developing future studies to reduce the risk of adverse health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, which may occur because of circadian disruption. An electronic search in PubMed and Web of Science (2012–2022) was performed. Selected articles were based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five factors that may disrupt circadian rhythm alignment are discussed: shift work, late chronotype, late sleep timing, sleep irregularity, and late meal timing. Evidence from observational studies of these circadian disruptors suggests potential detrimental effects on cardiometabolic health, including higher BMI/obesity, higher blood pressure, greater dyslipidemia, greater inflammation, and diabetes. Future research should identify the specific underlying pathways in order to mitigate the health consequences of shift work. Furthermore, optimal sleep and mealtimes for metabolic health can be explored in intervention studies. Lastly, it is important that the timing of external environmental cues (such as light) and behaviors that influence circadian rhythms are managed.
Volatile responses of dwarf birch to mimicked insect herbivory and experimental warming at two elevations in Greenlandic tundra
Authors: Rieksta Jolanta , Li Tao , Davie‐Martin Cleo L. , Aeppli Laurids Christian Brogaard , Høye Toke Thomas , Rinnan Riikka
Published: February 2023

Plants release a complex blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in response to stressors. VOC emissions vary between contrasting environments and increase with insect herbivory and rising temperatures. However, the joint effects of herbivory and warming on plant VOC emissions are understudied, particularly in high latitudes, which are warming fast and facing increasing herbivore pressure. We assessed the individual and combined effects of chemically mimicked insect herbivory, warming, and elevation on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa) VOC emissions in high‐latitude tundra ecosystems in Narsarsuaq, South Greenland. We hypothesized that VOC emissions and compositions would respond synergistically to warming and herbivory, with the magnitude differing between elevations. Warming increased emissions of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) and isoprene. Herbivory increased the homoterpene, (E)‐4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene, emissions, and the response was stronger at high elevation. Warming and herbivory had synergistic effects on GLV emissions. Dwarf birch emitted VOCs at similar rates at both elevations, but the VOC blends differed between elevations. Several herbivory‐associated VOC groups did not respond to herbivory. Harsher abiotic conditions at high elevations might not limit VOC emissions from dwarf birch, and high‐elevation plants might be better at herbivory defense than assumed. The complexity of VOC responses to experimental warming, elevation, and herbivory are challenging our understanding and predictions of future VOC emissions from dwarf birch‐dominated ecosystems.
Influence of guidance knowledge and counseling services and attitudes toward guidance on the performance of guidance teachers in high schools
Authors: Samad Sulaiman , Malik Anas
Published: February 2023

Guidance and counseling teachers play an important role in students' career planning and dealing with students' problems. The primary objective of this study is to examine the influence of knowledge of guidance and counseling services as well as attitudes toward guidance on the performance of high school guidance teachers by measures of partial and multiple correlation. This study was conducted with a quantitative approach using the explanatory survey method. By employing a simple random sampling technique, the sample obtained consisted of 145 junior and senior high school guidance teachers. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics using regression test methodology. The study results show that the level of knowledge of guidance and counseling for guidance teachers falls in the “moderate” category, the attitudes toward guidance tend to be on the positive side, whereas the results suggest the performance of guidance teachers is in the “high” category. It was found that the influence of knowledge of guidance and counseling services is positive and significant on the performance of guidance teachers. The influence of attitudes toward guidance is positive and significant on the performance of guidance teachers. Knowledge of guidance and counseling services and attitudes toward guidance jointly influence the performance of high school guidance teachers.
Near‐infrared light activated core‐shell electrospun nanofibers decorated with photoactive plasmonic nanoparticles for on‐demand smart drug delivery applications
Authors: Haghighat Bayan Mohammad Ali , Dias Yasmin Juliane , Rinoldi Chiara , Nakielski Paweł , Rybak Daniel , Truong Yen B. , Yarin Alexander L. , Pierini Filippo
Published: February 2023

Over the last few years, traditional drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been transformed into smart DDSs. Recent advancements in biomedical nanotechnology resulted in introducing stimuli‐responsiveness to drug vehicles. Nanoplatforms can enhance drug release efficacy while reducing the side effects of drugs by taking advantage of the responses to specific internal or external stimuli. In this study, we developed an electrospun nanofibrous photo‐responsive DDSs. The photo‐responsivity of the platform enables on‐demand elevated drug release. Furthermore, it can provide a sustained release profile and prevent burst release and high concentrations of drugs. A coaxial electrospinning setup paired with an electrospraying technique is used to fabricate core‐shell PVA‐PLGA nanofibers decorated with plasmonic nanoparticles. The fabricated nanofibers have a hydrophilic PVA and Rhodamine‐B (RhB) core, while the shell is hydrophobic PLGA decorated with gold nanorods (Au NRs). The presence of plasmonic nanoparticles enables the platform to twice the amount of drug release besides exhibiting a long‐term release. Investigations into the photo‐responsive release mechanism demonstrate the system's potential as a “smart” drug delivery platform.
Retracted: Interval uncertain optimization of cased telescoped ammunition interior ballistics considering tolerance design
Authors: He Xin‐Jia , Rui Xiao‐Ting , Wang Yan , Li Chao
Published: February 2023

An interval optimization method considering tolerance design is proposed to solve the uncertainty optimization problem of interior ballistics of cased telescoped ammunition. Firstly, the interval optimization model of the interior ballistics of the cased telescoped ammunition considering tolerance design is constructed. The interval optimization model of the interior ballistics of the cased telescoped ammunition considering tolerance design under uncertainty is presented. Then, considering the extremely low computational efficiency of the interval uncertain optimization, the back propagation neural network surrogate model is introduced. A series of pareto optimal solution is obtained by using non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm II. Through the given design scheme, it provides a reference for the optimization of the interior ballistic performance of the cased telescoped ammunition under uncertain condition.
CdTe/CdS Core–Shell Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Applications as a Heavy Metal Ion's Fluorescence Sensor and Photocatalyst for Photodegradation of Organic Dyes
Authors: Pourtakallo Somayeh Naseri , Molaei Mehdi , Khanzadeh Mohammad
Published: February 2023

Herein, a simple method for the growth of the CdS shell around CdTe QDs and the formation of the CdTe/CdS core–shell structure is proposed. The synthesized QDs are characterized using Raman, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL), and UV–vis analyses. XRD patterns confirm the formation of a core–shell‐type structure and particle sizes, lattice strain (ε), and displacement density (δ) are calculated using Williamson–Hall (W–H) and Williamson–Smallman (W–S) approaches. Obtained results show that the CdTe/CdS QDs are spherical with an average crystal size about 5.41 nm. In this work, derivation of absorption spectrum fitting (DASF) is used for the determination of the optical bandgap of the prepared QDs. Prepared CdTe/CdS QDs are applied for the detection of the heavy metal ions and photodegradation of the different organic dyes in aqueous media. The prepared QDs show good performance for the detection of mercury ions (Hg2+) in water with superior selectivity and for photodegradation of the methylene orange (MO) under UV light. The comparison of the obtained results for CdTe/CdS with bare CdTe QDs shows that the core–shell CdTe/CdS QDs have higher sensitivity and enhanced photocatalyst properties compared to the CdTe QDs.
Confinement‐Enhanced Rashba Spin–Orbit Coupling at the LaAlO3/KTaO3 Interface via LaAlO3 Thickness Control
Authors: Liu Jia , Ye Fei , Bao Mingrui , Fan Haiyang , Liu Xinqi , Zhang Ziheng , Gu Zongquan , Cheng Long , Zhai Xiaofang
Published: February 2023

Superconductors with strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC) have attracted tremendous attention due to the great potential for realizing topological superconductivity and searching Majorana fermions. Recently, two‐dimensional (2D) superconductivity with a relatively high T
c ≈ 2 K is observed in LaAlO3/KTaO3 (111) and EuO/KTaO3 (111) heterointerfaces. However, the experimental investigations of the SOC in the KTaO3 (111)‐based heterointerfaces are still lacking. Herein, the Rashba SOC of LaAlO3/KTaO3 (111) interfaces with varied LaAlO3 thickness is studied. It is revealed that the spatial confinement of the 2D electron gas tuned by the LaAlO3 thickness prominently enhances the SOC. The maximal Rashba spin‐splitting energy Δso reaches ≈48 meV in this work, which is an extremely high value ever reported in oxide‐based conducting heterointerfaces.