bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consideraciones generales acerca si es obligatorio el seguimiento de los fallos de la Corte Suprema de la Nación.
Authors: Ricardo Francisco Seco
Published: December 2021

Abogados, jueces y juristas consultan los pronunciamientos judiciales, en especial de los tribunales cimeros nacionales o provinciales, y los usan para sus postulaciones, resistencias y decisiones.

Los jueces “aplican cotidianamente el precedente judicial tanto el horizontal, es decir el propio, como el vertical, es decir aquel que viene de órganos judiciales superiores”.  Cuando nos preguntamos por qué la jurisprudencia no vinculante es aceptada de esa manera “cabe la afirmación de juez Hughes de que ‘el derecho es lo que los jueces dicen que es’”. Pero si así se responde “se desbarataría la clásica y consolidada clasificación de fuentes del derecho desplazando y debilitando a la norma; además, se debería aceptar que existan tantas fuentes como jueces, lo que podría llevar a decisiones sincrónicas o sucesivas contradictorias sobre iguales circunstancias acerca de lo prohibido, facultativo u obligatorio, con afectación de la estabilidad del ordenamiento.

Un tema clásico de la teoría del derecho es el “relativo a la fuerza vinculante de la juris- prudencia: ¿están los jueces obligados a interpretar y aplicar el derecho de acuerdo a los criterios establecidos por los tribunales supremos?
Análisis de los principales aspectos de la conciliación y la prueba en la reforma a la Ley Procesal del Trabajo de Córdoba.
Authors: Carina Noemí Guevara
Published: December 2021

Como ha sido señalado por prestigiosos autores y especialistas del derecho del trabajo y del derecho procesal del trabajo, el crecimiento de la población y de la litigiosidad hizo necesario y vital reformular, mejorar y modificar la ley procesal vigente, en aras de evitar dilaciones y en su caso dar respuesta eficaz al justiciable.

Tal apreciación fue punto de coincidencia en todos los actores que intervienen en el proceso laboral, lo cual llevó a los distintos sectores a realizar sus aportes y opiniones en aras de brindar su experiencia y conocimiento en el fuero del trabajo, a brindar elementos a tener en cuenta en la reforma de la ley. Por ello en el presente se examinó el proyecto de reforma que estaba siendo tratada en la Legislatura de la Provincia de Córdoba al momento de exponerse oralmente el presente trabajo.

Sin embargo, en la actualidad aquel proyecto fue convertido en ley. Es por ello que procuraremos abarcar los puntos generales de ella, pero precisaremos el examen de la regulación propuesta en relación al instituto de la conciliación y a los principales aspectos de la prueba.
Más allás de "Unión c/ Colorín"
Authors: Rosalía Pécora
Published: December 2021

Pretendemos con este comentario aportar luz a una causa que pasó dos veces por la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación.

Para despejar dudas sobre el contenido político de este fallo debemos entender que la primera resolución data de junio de 2014, con dictamen de la Procuradora de abril de 2013.

La parte actora, Unión Personal de Fábricas de Pinturas y Afines R.A., inició demanda por la vía ejecutiva prevista en la ley 24.642 para el cobro de aportes y con- tribuciones sindicales correspondientes al período septiembre de 1999 a mayo de 2004 en contra de Colorín Industria de Materiales Sintéticos S.A.
El derecho a la desconexión digital. El teletrabajo: una necesidad.
Authors: Ferreyra Consuelo , Vera Ocampo Carolina
Published: December 2021

El avance de la tecnología con la denominada “cuarta revolución industrial” se ve reflejado en el mundo del trabajo lo que sin duda genera un impacto en las relaciones laborales. Resulta vital la utilización de los dispositivos electrónicos en la prestación de servicios o TIC, lo que genera cambios en la organización del trabajo e impacto en las condiciones esenciales de la relación laboral como lo es la jornada de trabajo. Al permitir que se trabaje en cualquier lugar y en cualquier momento, se difumina la línea entre las horas de trabajo y la vida personal. Sin dudas, que resulta prioritario en el derecho del trabajo velar por los derechos laborales fundamentales, y es por ello que se debe repensar y analizar el “derecho a la desconexión digital del trabajador”, en el marco del teletrabajo como un postulado esencial. El derecho a la desconexión digital se trata de una denominación específica, que pretende tutelar el descanso de los trabajadores. Hablar de desconexión digital es lo mismo que afirmar que el trabajador tiene derecho a una jornada limitada, que respete sus horarios y descansos.

Sumario:

I. Introducción.

II. La regulación del contrato de servicios en el Código Civil y Comercial.

III. Los puntos de contacto entre la relación de trabajo y el contrato de servicios.

IV. Posibles avances de la regulación del contrato del servicios sobre el Derecho del Trabajo, desde una posición crítica.

V. La regulación del contrato de servicios en el Código Civil y Comercial es progresiva.

VI. Los criterios desde la legislación del trabajo y la necesaria aplicación de las normas del CCyC sólo en caso de recurrir a la presuncióndel art. 23 de la LCT.

VII. Criterios de la regulación del contrato de servicios útiles a los fines de desvirtuar o revalidar la presunción del art. 23 de la LCT.

VIII ¿Una revalorización del contrato de servicios frente a la relación de trabajo? A raíz de los fallos “Cairone” y “Rica” de la CSJN.

IX. La renovación de los indicadores de laboralidad a raíz de las trasformaciones tecnológicas en el ámbito de los servicios. X. La relación de trabajo y el contrato de servicios a la luz de la Recomendación 198 de la OIT.

XI. Algunos pasos se han dado y otros se han propuesto.

XII. La protección del trabajo con independencia de su forma de realización y la consiguiente desaparición de los límites entre la relación de trabajo dependiente y el contrato de servicios.

XIII. Bibliografía por autor.
A Steady Flow of The Viscous Compressible Liquid in Vertical Pipe
Authors: Farman Mamedov  , Nazire Memmedzade
Published: December 2021

In the study of the flow of gas-liquid mixture over circular vertical pipe rising from the deep zone to ground level, it is observed that, the velocity on surface of tube is much more than in the center of flow. Such a picture is seen also in the water filtration process in sands ordering from high permeability zone to lower. Same phenomena occur in transportation of the water carbon nana-tubes. In order to predict behavior of those processes in this paper, we have studied the compressible liquid flow over the circular vertical pipe ordered from the deep zone to the ground surface for some concrete inlet and outlet regimes of the pipe. The Navier-Stokes equations system as a model of study. For certain inlet and outlet regimes of the flow splitting the equation into the cross section and axes variables, the pressure and velocity distribution are found. The Lane-Emden equation arises for determining the pipe cross section velocity distribution, which is also justified by our calculations on the used model.
The Influences of Oxygen Concentration and External Heating on Carbon Nanotube Growth in Diffusion Flame
Authors: Lei Li  , Muhammad Thalhah Zainal  , Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin  , Norikhwan Hamzah  , Mohsin Mohd Sies  , Muhammad Noor Afiq Witri Muhammad Yazid  , Shokri Amzin  , Aizuddin Supee
Published: December 2021

Tight control of the carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis process in flames remains a challenge due to the highly non-uniform gradient of flame thermochemical properties. The present study aims to establish a baseline model for flame-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (FECVD) synthesis of CNT and to analyze the CNT growth region at varying flame and furnace conditions. The numerical model comprises a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation that is coupled with the CNT growth rate model to simulate the flow field within the furnace and the CNT growth respectively. Validation of the flame shape, flame length, and temperature profile are carried with a reasonable comparison to experimental measurements. A parametric study on the effects of furnace heating capacity and oxidizer concentration is conducted. The results of the CNT growth rate model reveal that there is a positive correlation between the heater power and CNT length. Supplying a higher concentration oxidizer at a fixed furnace power is predicted to result in further improvement in CNT length and high yield region. Flame structure analysis showed that with the heater turned on at 750 W (corresponding to heat flux of 21,713W/m2), the growth region expands twofold when oxygen concentration is increased from 19% to 24%. However, the growth region shrinks when the oxygen concentration is further increased to 27% which indicates depletion of carbon source for CNT growth due to excess oxygen. The finding of this research could guide and optimize the experiment of the flame-assisted CNT production in the future.
26° Conferencia de las partes en la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre Cambio Climático: análisis y perspectiva
Authors: Pinto-Bazurco Barandiarán Jose Felix
Published: December 2021

En el presente artículo se hará un breve resumen del resultado del Pacto Climático de Glasgow y de la 26ta Conferencia de las Partes en la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre Cambio Climático, lo que se resolvió, lo que no se logró resolver y un analisis, incluyendo la relevancia que tiene para el Perú.
Lucha contra el terrorismo yihadista y Estado de Derecho
Authors: Belaúnde Matossian Francisco
Published: December 2021

El terrorismo yihadista representa un enorme desafío a escala global. Por sus características es muy difícil de combatir, y pone a prueba el Estado de derecho en diversas partes del mundo. En Europa, Estados Unidos y otros países, vienen adoptándose una serie de medidas y dispositivos legales para otorgar un mayor margen de acción a las autoridades, ya sean policiales, administrativas o jurisdiccionales. De alguna manera, viene produciéndose un cerco normativo al terrorismo. Se plantea entonces el dilema de los límites de ese activismo, en la medida en que puede llevar a traspasar las fronteras del Estado de derecho y atentar contra derechos fundamentales. De hecho, en varios casos, es lo que ha ocurrido según defensores de los derechos humanos y otros actores.
Using the AACN Framework to Alleviate Moral Distress
Authors: McCue Carole
Published: December 2021

In this article the author describes a situation in which the Nurse Executive’s values were in direct opposition to those of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). She describes how it took considerable courage on the part of the Nurse Executive to resolve this situation by demonstrating concern and respect for a chemically impaired staff member, rather than by focusing on the situation from a strictly “right versus wrong” perspective. After describing the situation the author emphasizes the importance of the leadership role of the Nurse Executive and shares the perspective of the agency’s Chief Executive Officer. The author also explains how the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses’ Framework (4 A’s to Rise Above Moral Distress) was used as a resource to guide the Nurse Executive in moving the situation to a productive conclusion. Organizational outcomes of the situation are shared.
Moral Distress and Moral Courage in Everyday Nursing Practice
Authors: Gallagher Ann
Published: December 2021

In this article the author examines the concepts of moral distress and moral courage within the context of nursing practice. Examples of challenging healthcare situations from the United Kingdom and Ireland are discussed in the light of the examination of these two concepts. The examples illuminate features of healthcare situations that need to be considered in relation to different organisational and cultural contexts. This requires an understanding of the complexity of clinical contexts and an appreciation of the fallibility and vulnerability of nurses and other practitioners. The goal of this article is to encourage healthcare organisations to create supportive structures and sensitive leadership that will enhance moral courage in the work setting.
A wavelet frame constrained total generalized variation model for imaging conductivity distribution
Authors: Tian Zhiwei , Shi Yanyan , Wang Meng , Kong Xiaolong , Li Lei , Fu Feng
Published: December 2021

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a sensing technique with which conductivity distribution can be reconstructed. It should be mentioned that the reconstruction is a highly ill-posed inverse problem. Currently, the regularization method has been an effective approach to deal with this problem. Especially, total variation regularization method is advantageous over Tikhonov method as the edge information can be well preserved. Nevertheless, the reconstructed image shows severe staircase effect. In this work, to enhance the quality of reconstruction, a novel hybrid regularization model which combines a total generalized variation method with a wavelet frame approach (TGV-WF) is proposed. An efficient mean doubly augmented Lagrangian algorithm has been developed to solve the TGV-WF model. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, numerical simulation and experimental validation are conducted for imaging conductivity distribution. Furthermore, some comparisons are made with typical regularization methods. From the results, it can be found that the proposed method shows better performance in the reconstruction since the edge of the inclusion can be well preserved and the staircase effect is effectively relieved.
Regularity results of solutions to elliptic equations involving mixed local and nonlocal operators
Authors: LaMao CaiDan ,   School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China, Huang Shuibo , Tian Qiaoyu , Huang Canyun ,   Key Laboratory of Streaming Data Computing Technologies and Application, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China,   Department of Applied Mathematics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we study the summability of solutions to the following semilinear elliptic equations involving mixed local and nonlocal operators

   \begin{document}$ \left\{ \begin{matrix}
- \Delta u(x)+{{(-\Delta )}^{s}}u(x)=f(x), & x\in \Omega , \\
u(x)\ge 0,~~~~~ & x\in \Omega , \\
u(x)=0,~~~~~ & x\in {{\mathbb{R}}^{N}}\setminus \Omega , \\
\end{matrix} \right. $\end{document}

where $ 0 < s < 1 $, $ \Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^N $ is a smooth bounded domain, $ (-\Delta)^s $ is the fractional Laplace operator, $ f $ is a measurable function.
Exploration of Financial Market Credit Scoring and Risk Management and Prediction Using Deep Learning and Bionic Algorithm
Authors: Du Peng , Shu Hong
Published: December 2021

The purpose is to effectively manage the financial market, comprehensive assess personal credit, reduce the risk of financial enterprises. Given the systemic risk problem caused by the lack of credit scoring in the existing financial market, a credit scoring model is put forward based on the deep learning network. The proposed model uses RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) and BRNN (Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network) to avoid the limitations of shallow models. Afterward, to optimize path analysis, bionic optimization algorithms are introduced, and an integrated deep learning model is proposed. Finally, a financial credit risk management system using the integrated deep learning model is proposed. The probability of default or overdue customers is predicted through verification on three real credit data sets, thus realizing the credit risk management for credit customers.
A BERT-Based Hybrid Short Text Classification Model Incorporating CNN and Attention-Based BiGRU
Authors: Bao Tong , Ren Ni , Luo Rui , Wang Baojia , Shen Gengyu , Guo Ting
Published: December 2021

Short text classification is a research focus for natural language processing (NLP), which is widely used in news classification, sentiment analysis, mail filtering and other fields. In recent years, deep learning techniques are applied to text classification and has made some progress. Different from ordinary text classification, short text has the problem of less vocabulary and feature sparsity, which raise higher request for text semantic feature representation. To address this issue, this paper propose a feature fusion framework based on the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT). In this hybrid method, BERT is used to train word vector representation. Convolutional neural network (CNN) capture static features. As a supplement, a bi-gated recurrent neural network (BiGRU) is adopted to capture contextual features. Furthermore, an attention mechanism is introduced to assign the weight of salient words. The experimental results confirmed that the proposed model significantly outperforms the other state-of-the-art baseline methods.
Analysis of the Influence of the Degree of Reduction of Iron Ore Materials on the Shape and Location of the Cohesion Zone in a Blast Furnace
Authors: Dmitriev Andrey N. , Vitkina Galina Yu. , Alektorov Roman V.
Published: December 2021

The paper considers the theoretical foundations of softening of iron ore materials in a blast furnace (the so-called ‘cohesion zone’). The dependences of the temperature range of softening of iron ore materials (the temperatures of the beginning and ending of softening) on the degree of reduction are calculated and experimentally obtained. Physical modelling of the softening process of reduced iron ore materials was carried out using the Russian State Standard No 26517-85. The results of calculations of the location and shape of the cohesion zone in the blast furnace for iron ore materials with different metallurgical characteristics are presented.
Prima segnalazione per l’Italia di Cryphaeus cornutus (Fischer von Waldheim, 1823) e della tribù Toxicini con osservazioni sulla distribuzione della specie in Europa (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Toxicini)
Authors: Leo Piero , Pezzi Giorgio , Riolo Francesca
Published: December 2021

Viene reso noto il primo ritrovamento di Cryphaeus cornutus (Fischer von Waldheim, 1823), e della tribù Toxicini, in Italia (Emilia- Romagna): nell’autunno 2017 sono stati fotografati due esemplari (maschio e femmina) su un tronco in decomposizione presso le rive del fiume Enza, nel territorio del comune di Traversetolo (prov. di Parma). Viene discussa la distribuzione generale di questa rara specie saproxilofaga e xilomicetofaga e l’apparente espansione del suo areale. Viene inoltre confermata con dati recenti, dopo oltre 120 anni, la presenza di Cryphaeus cornutus in Grecia.
The possible alleviating effect of garlic supplement on the neural retina in a rat model of hypercholesterolemia: a histological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Arafat Eetmad A. , Youssef Eman M.I. , Khalaf Hanaa A.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this work was to prove that oxidative stress is the main mechanism responsible for retinal neurodegenerative changes, subsequent apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokine release in rats fed with a high cholesterol diet (HCD) and determine the role of garlic in alleviating these changes. Forty rats were equally divided into four groups: control, garlic-treated (positive control), HCD, and HCD + garlic-treated (HCD + G). By the end of the experiment (24 weeks) blood samples were collected for assessment of serum lipid profile, oxidative stress parameters, and plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Both eyes of the rats were enucleated; one was used for light microscopic examination and the other for electron microscopic examination. There was a significant increase in the levels of serum lipids, oxidative stress parameters, IL-6 and TNF-α, and area of expression of caspase-3 in the HCD group compared to both the control and HCD + G groups. Histological examination revealed degenerative changes in all layers of the neural retina in the HCD group. Garlic administration resulted in a significant improvement in the biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histological characteristics of hypercholesterolemic rats. These findings support the hypotheses that garlic has strong antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Garlic ameliorates the neurodegenerative changes in the neural retina of hypercholesteremic rats.
Covid-19 and Childhood Obesity (Co-Besity) in the Era of New Normal Life: A Need for a Policy Research
Authors: Bhattacharya Sudip , Aggarwal Pradeep , Bera Om Prakash , Saleem Sheikh Mohd , Shikha Deep , Vallabh Vidisha , Juyal Ruchi , Singh Amarjeet
Published: December 2021

Background

In the era of new normal life after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), our children are experiencing the double threat of COVID-19 and Childhood Obesity (CO-BESITY). The rate of childhood obesity has been rapidly increasing in developed as well as low middle-income countries during the pandemic.

Design and Methods

The current paper aims to identify the probable reasons of increase in childhood obesity during this pandemic and offers suggestions to reduce the burden of it. Literature search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for the key terms “childhood obesity,” “obesity,” “pandemic,” and/or childhood obesity. All the relevant articles were included to support the argument for this viewpoint.

Results

Childhood obesity is a complicated disorder having diverse outcomes. The incidence of childhood obesity is analysed from Bronfenbrenner's model of child development. The model examines an overabundance of bio-psycho-social backgrounds, risks, and probable outcomes on the development of a child. COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the ecosystem of this dynamic model and has created an economic and social-cultural crisis that has ignited a chain reaction of stressors upon children and their families. In this paper, we have described how this Bronfenbrenner's model of child development also known as the Bioecological Model can be effective for the estimation and prevention of childhood obesity.

Conclusion

We propose that this Bioecological Model will help the children and their families further understand and manage the problem of childhood obesity during this pandemic on their own.
Integrating Safe Space Ally Training Into the Athletic Training Curriculum
Authors: Aronson Patricia A. , Cartwright Lorin A. , Lopez Rebecca M.
Published: December 2021

Context

It has become increasingly important that athletic trainers (ATs) understand and promote diversity, inclusion, and cultural competency. One technique athletic training educators can use to promote cultural competency for those in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQIA+) community is by attending a safe space ally training (SST) program to integrate the concepts of SST programing into their curriculum.

Objective

To provide athletic training educators with techniques to integrate inclusion and cultural competence regarding the LGBTQIA+ community into the athletic training curriculum using SST content. Our goal is that athletic training educators will train future ATs as well as embrace individual professional development.

Background

The National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) LGBTQ+ Advisory Committee (AC) has created an SST workshop for athletic trainers. Educators can promote cultural competency throughout the curriculum using evidence-based training programs such as the NATA LGBTQ+ AC SST.

Description

The emphasis of SST is to improve cultural competence regarding sexual minorities to improve inclusivity in all athletic training settings. It is critical that athletic training education programs prepare graduates to be competent, compassionate, patient-centered and professional ATs who are ready to function as health care professionals for all patients.

Clinical Advantage(s)

A goal of cultural competency is to create an inclusive environment within all athletic training settings, whether it be in a classroom, a clinic, or a nontraditional work setting. Health disparities and health care inequities must be appreciated by every AT to deliver compassionate and competent care for all in marginalized populations. Educators can make a difference in the future of athletic training by increasing the cultural competency of their students.

Conclusion(s)

Patient-centered care, knowledge of the care of those in diverse and minority populations, and ethical behavior can be enhanced through SST programs.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) distribution in the Triassic Montney Formation of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
Authors: Kingston A W , Mort A , Deblonde C , Ardakani O
H
Published: December 2021

The Montney Formation is a highly productive hydrocarbon reservoir that is of great economic importance to Canada, however production is often dogged by the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a highly toxic and corrosive gas. Mapping H2S distribution across the
Montney basin in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) is fundamental to understanding the processes responsible for its occurrence. We derive a Montney-specific dataset of well gas and water geochemistry from the publically available archives of the Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) and
British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission (BCOGC) conducting quality assurance and control procedure before spatial interpolation. Empirical Bayesian Kriging is used to interpolate H2S across the whole Montney basin resulting in maps of H2S from hydrocarbon gas, condensates, and water; along with maps
of sulfate and chloride ions in water. These interpolations illustrate the heterogeneous distribution of H2S across the basin with the highest concentrations in the Grande Prairie area along with several other isolated regions. Maps of H2S in gas, condensates, and water exhibit similar trends in H2S
concentrations, which with future research may help elucidate the origin of H2S in the Montney.
Clinico-Etiological Factors, Neuroimaging Characteristics and Outcome in Pediatric Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Cornelius Leema P. , Elango Neeraj , Jeyaram Venkateswaran Kuttava
Published: December 2021

Background:

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is rare in children, increasingly being recognized of late due to advances in neuroimaging. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical, etiological, and imaging characteristics of CVST and its outcome in children.

Study Design:

A retrospective chart review of children with CVST in a tertiary hospital from January 2011 to December 2020.

Results:

Of the 35 patients enrolled, 26 (74.3%) patients were males. The mean age was 5.03 years with a range of 0.17–12 years. The common presenting symptoms were seizures in 18 (51.4%) followed by headache in 17 (48.6%), fever in 16 (45.7%), and vomiting in 15 (42.9%) children. Superior sagittal sinus was the commonest site of thrombus occlusion in 20 (57%), followed by transverse sinus in 18 (51.4%) patients. Multiple sinus involvement was noticed in one-half of the patients. The risk factors associated with CVST were head and neck infections in 15 (42.9%) children, inherited thrombophilia in 4 (11.6%), head trauma, iron deficiency anemia, leukemia with l-asparaginase therapy, acquired thrombophilia in 3 (8.6%) each, dehydration in 2 (5.7%), and dural arteriovenous fistula in one child. Two children (5.7%) died and one-third of the cohort had a poor outcome.

Conclusions:

Head and neck infections continue to be the common cause of CVST in children. Though mortality is low, CVST is associated with significant morbidity in children.
Neurological Facets of Scrub Typhus
Authors: Garg Divyani , Manesh Abi
Published: December 2021

Scrub typhus is one of the most frequent causes of acute febrile illness in South and South-east Asian countries. Neurological features accompany 20% of scrub typhus infections, and may affect the central or peripheral nervous system, and sometime, may even occur in combination. Of late, its recognition among clinicians has increased with widening detection of its cutaneous hallmark, called eschar. Multiple mechanisms underlie neurological involvement, including direct invasion (meningitis, encephalitis), vasculitis (myositis) or immune-mediated mechanisms (opsoclonus, myoclonus, optic neuritis, Guillain–Barre syndrome). Despite an immunological basis for several neurological manifestations, response to doxycycline is remarkable, although immune therapy may be necessary for severe involvement. Scientific literature on scrub typhus neurology chiefly emanates from case reports, case series and small studies, and a comprehensive review is warranted to aid clinicians in recognising neurological involvement. This review aims at enriching this gap, and summarises clinical features, laboratory findings, and treatment options for various neurological facets of scrub typhus.
The Relative Associations of the Paediatric Trauma Score and Revised Trauma Score with the Severity of Childhood Trauma
Authors: Asuquo Joseph E. , Abang Innocent E. , Anisi Chukwuemeka O. , Lasebikan Omolade A. , Agweye Pius U. , Okeke Nwakeago E. , Asuquo Best J.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Children are prone to unintentional injuries and various scoring systems have been used to triage these injuries. The aim of this study is to determine the associations between paediatric trauma score (PTS), revised trauma score (RTS) and the length of hospital stay as an indicator of injury severity.

Methods:

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar and National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu from February 2018 to March 2020. A structured questionnaire was used to collect personal, injury-specific and treatment-specific data. The relationship between PTS, RTS and the length of hospital stay was evaluated using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results:

A total of 212 patients were included in the study. Majorities (129, 60%) of the injured children were male and most of the injuries were due to falls from height (54%). The mean PTS was 5.36 ± 1.9, while the mean RTS was 7.10 ± 0.9. The Pearson's product momentum correlation coefficient shows that there was weak but statistically significant correlation between the PTS and the RTS (r = 0.22, P = 0.02). The one-way ANOVA showed a statistically significant decrease in the RTS with increasing duration of hospital admission (F-statistic = 6.654, df = 3, P = 0.000). The PTS showed a less obvious decrease with no trend.

Conclusion:

In this study, the RTS showed an inverse relationship with the length of hospital stay.
Sensation-Preserving Clitoral Reduction Surgery
Authors: Rawat Jiledar , Singh Sudhir
Published: December 2021

Background:

The knowledge that preservation of clitoral sensation is essential for future sexual satisfaction gave rise to sensation-preserving clitoral reduction surgery. We present our results of sensation-preserving clitoral reduction procedure in the small group of patients.

Aims and Objectives:

To show our technique and result of sensation-preserving clitoral reduction surgery.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective study of cases with clitoromegaly, over a 5-year period, in which sensation-preserving clitoral reduction procedure was done by us at our centre. Demographics, indication for clitoral reduction, operative procedure, operative time, any intraoperative difficulty or problem, anaesthesia type, post-operative stay and outcome were analysed. Pre-operative and post-operative evaluation for clitoral viability done in all the cases, and evaluation for clitoral sensory testing and vibratory sensory testing done in selected cases.

Results:

A total of eight cases were operated in the last 5 years. Five were due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Immediate post-operative period was uneventful in all. Cosmetic appearance and viability were satisfactory in all the cases. In five cases, clitoral sensory testing and vibratory sensory testing were done, an average degree of sensation of 3.2 at the labia minora and 4.7 at the clitoris and an average values clitoral vibratory sensory testing for the introitus, clitoris, labia and thigh were 3.56, 1.61, 5.08 and 5.83, respectively.

Conclusions:

Clitoral enlargement in girls is a rare problem. Sensation-preserving ventral clitoral reduction surgery leads to preservation of neurovascular bundles leads to acceptable cosmesis and preserved sensation.
Choosing wisely between oocyte versus embryo cryopreservation
Authors: Arora Puneet Rana , Jaffar Mir , Andrabi Syed Waseem
Published: December 2021

In this case vignette, we highlight that embryo cryopreservation may not be an automatic choice for fertility preservation in married females but that oocyte cryopreservation also has a place. A 32-year-old married woman with breast cancer, who was initially proceeding for embryo cryopreservation to preserve her fertility before starting cancer treatment, eventually had oocyte preservation because her spouse declined to donate sperm. We discuss the need for detailed and continuous counseling.
The Polish Contribution to Central European Musical Culture in the Seventeenth Century. The Case of Marcin Mielczewski
Authors: Przybyszewska-Jarmińska Barbara
Published: December 2021

The seventeenth-century Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania, embracing the lands of the Polish Crown (together with the territory of present-day Ukraine) and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, belonged geographically to both Central and Eastern Europe. It was a multiethnic and multiconfessional state, in which the Latin and Greek cultures were mutually interactive. With regard to the musical culture of the royal court, however, itwas the close ties with Italy that were of the greatest significance. The Polish kings of the Vasa dynasty (above ali Zygmunt III and Władysław IV) maintained music chapels consisting to a considerable extent of Italian musicians, among whom were Luca Marenzio, Giulio Cesare Gabussi, Asprilio Pacelli, Giovanni Francesco Anerio and Tarquinio Merula. Thanks to the Polish patronage, they not only composed newworks, but also trained musicians of various nations belonging to the royal ensembles. Among the composers trained at the Polish court was the Italian Marco Scacchi (d. 1662), chapel-master to Władysław IV, the composer of operas staged in the royal theatre, and also a music theorist – the author of a classification of musical genres which was produced during Scacchi's dispute over music theory with the Gdansk organist Paul Siefert. This dispute contributed to the popularisation across Europe of the works of Scacchi and also of other musicians associated with the court of the Polish Vasas. Extant handwritten sources of Silesian provenance (belonging to the Emil Bohn collection, currently held in the Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin) testify the considerable interest in this region (now within the Polish borders, but in the seventeenth century constituting a dominion of the Empire) in the religious compositions of Marcin Mielczewski (d. 1651), musician to Władysław IV (until 1644) and subsequently, until his death, chapel-master to Karol Ferdinand Vasa, Bishop of Płock and Wrocław. Of Mielczewski's compositional output for the needs of the Roman Catholic Church, copyists from Lutheran circles in Wrocław chose primarily psalms that were universal to the Christian repertory, furnishing those works whose texts chimed with the doctrine of the Augsburg confession with more appropriate texts of German-language contrafacta. However, this method was not always successful in eliminating traces of Catholicism, which remained, for example, in the melodies of works based on pre-compositional material drawn by Mielczewski from Marian songs that were popular in Poland (e.g. the church concerto Audite gentes et exsultate, also preserved in a version with the text of a German-language contrafactum entitled Nun höret alle, based on the song O gloriosa Domina, which in the former Commonwealth  was treated as a chivalrous hymn).
Kroatische Kunstmusik und ihr Verhältnis zum mitteleuropäischen Raum
Authors: Tuksar Stanislav
Published: December 2021

Kroatische Kunstmusik und ihr Verhältnis zum mitteleuropäischen Raum
Hepatitis B virus prevalence, immunization and immune response in people living with HIV/AIDS in Istanbul, Turkey: a 21-year data analysis
Authors: Zerdali Esra , Yilmaz Nakir Inci , Surme Serkan , Yildirim Mustafa
Published: December 2021

Objective: We aimed to determine Hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence, immune status, and the prevalence of antibody response in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Istanbul, Turkey.

Methods: The study includes PLWHA aged 18 years and older who were followed-up for at least 6 months from 1997 to 2018.

Results: Of the 653 patients with PLWHA, 99 (15.2%) were both antiHBc-IgG and antiHBs positive, 120 (18.3%) were antiHBc-IgG positive/antiHBs negative. HBsAg was positive in 40 (6.1%) patients. HBsAg positive coinfection (≤40 years 4.6% vs. >40 years 21.7%, p<0.001) and antiHBc-IgG positivity/antiHBs negativity (≤40 years 14.0% vs. >40 years 26.5, p<0.001) were higher in PLWHA older than 40 years. The prevalence of HIV/HBV coinfection reached a peak level of 22.2% in 2004, and it decreased to 3.3% in 2018. The prevalence of immunization before HIV diagnosis was low (15.6%). The prevalence of antibody response (anti-HBs>10 IU/L) after immunization for HBV was 50%. A higher protective response was associated with CD4+≥350 cell/mm3 (59.3%, p=0.014).

Conclusion: HBV coexistence in PLWHA remains an imperatively important problem. The most conclusive methods in solving this problem are to prevent transmission by immunization and control measures. Also, HBV screening should in no manner be neglected in PLWHA.

Keywords: HIV; Hepatitis B; prevalence.
Factors affecting willingness to comply with public health measures during the pandemic among sub-Sahara Africans
Authors: Nwaeze Obinna , Langsi Raymond , L Osuagwu Uchechukwu , Oloruntoba Richard , O Ovenseri-Ogbomo Godwin , K Abu Emmanuel , Chikasirimobi G Timothy , Donald Charwe Deborah , Ekpenyong Bernadine , P Mashige Khathutshelo , Christopher Goson Piwuna , Ishaya Tanko , Agho Kingsley
Published: December 2021

Background: The unprecedented outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) drastically spread worldwide, resulting in extraordinary measures put in place in various countries including Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) countries.

Objective: To assess the factors associated with compliance with the public health measures imposed by various SSA countries.

Method: Cross sectional study using self-administered surveys distributed on social media platforms between April 18th and May 16th, 2020, corresponding with the mandatory lockdown period in most SSA countries. Multivariate analysis examined theassociated factors.

Results: The prevalence of hand hygiene, quarantine, self isolation practices, wearing of face mask and attending large gatherings during COVID-19 were 94%, 39%, 31%, 64% and 14%, respectively. In multivariate models, older age 49+ years: adjusted OR2.13, 95%CI 1.22,3.71), females (OR 1.41,95%CI 1.03,1.93), Central African countries (OR 3.73,95%CI 2.02,6.87) were associated with wearing face mask. Living alone (aOR 1.52,95%CI 1.04,2.24) during the lockdown was associated with avoiding large gatherings including religious events. Female respondents (aOR 1.61, 95%CI 1.30, 2.00), married (aOR 1.71,95%CI 1.33,2.21) and unemployed (aOR 1.62,95%CI 1.25,2.09) SSAs were more likely to practice self-quarantine measures.

Conclusion: The low prevalence of mitigation practices suggest the need for targeted education campaign programs to sensitise the population.

Keywords: Facemask; Handwashing; Self-isolation; Mitigation; Survey monkey; Pandemic; Lockdown; West Africa; Eastern Africa; South Africa; Nigeria.
The evaluation of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and carbapenamase producing Klebsiella colonization among ICU-Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Karaşin Gökhan , Bayram Yasemin , Parlak Mehmet , Aypak Cenk , Akgül Mustafa , Güdücüoğlu Hüseyin
Published: December 2021

Background: Multi-drug resistant organisms, especially Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and Carbapenam Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC), are serious health threat. Early detection of resistant bacteria colonization amongpatients in intensive care units (ICUs) not only enables effective treatment but more importantly prevents disease and limits transmission. Therefore, we aimed to to assess the frequency of VRE and KPC colonization via rectal swab sampling.

Methods: The study was carried out in ICUs of a tertiary hospital. Two rectal swab samples were collected within the first 24 hours of admission and another one was taken every subsequent 15 days to test for for VRE and KPC carriage.

Results: A total 316 rectal swab samples taken from 230 patients. Forty-seven patients were screened at least 2 times. 183 patients were not further screened due to discharge, exitus or transfer to other wards. Thirty-six patients (16%) were determinedto be VRE (+). The most frequently isolated strain was E. faecium (80.5%) and its most common genotype was VanA (87.5%). Seven patients (3%) were identified as KPC (+). OXA-48 type crbapenamase was confirmed in all KPC isolates.

Conclusion: This study shows that VRE and KPC colonization continues to be a serious threat in ICUs.

Keywords: Carbapenam resistant klebsiella pneumoniae; vancomycin-resistant enterococci; intensive care units.
Female adolescents and the future of female genital mutilation/cutting: a report from an endemic area
Authors: G Ezeoke Grace , S Adeniran Abiodun , T Adesina Kikelomo , A Fawole Adegboyega , A Ijaiya Munirdeen , O Olarinoye Adebunmi
Published: December 2021

Background: Despite collaborative efforts aimed at its eradication, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) continuesin endemic areas.

Objective: To evaluate the experience and preparedness of female adolescents to protect their future daughters from FGM/C.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving adolescent secondary school girls in North Central Nigeria. Participants were secondary school students who completed the study’s self-administered questionnaire after informed parental or participant’s consent. Data management was with SPSS 20.0 (IBM, USA), P-value <0.05 was significant.

Results: There were 2000 participants aged 13-19 years (mean 15.56±1.75), prevalence of FGM/C was 35.0%, awareness was 86.1%, mutilation was performed between infancy and eight years of age (mean 3.85±3.24 years), 644(32.2%) desire to mutilatetheir future daughters, 722(36.1%) expressed support for FGM/C and 63.1% of victims of FM/C reported adverse post-mutilation experiences. Support for FGM/C was associated with low social class (P0.0010), opinion that FGM/C has benefit (P0.001) and desire to mutilate future daughters (P0.001) while awareness of efforts to eradicate FMG/C was 813(40.7%).

Conclusion: FGM/C remains prevalent with potential support for its continuation among female adolescents despite reported adverse post-mutilation experiences. The multi-pronged approach to eradicate FGM/C should prioritize re-orientation for adolescent girls, rehabilitation of mutilated girls and girl child formal education.

Keywords: Female genital mutilation/cutting; female circumcision, harmful traditional practices, adverse childhood experiences.
Sexual self-efficacy and its related factors among married women of reproductive age
Authors: Assarzadeh Rafat , Bostani Khalesi Zahra , Jafarzadeh-Kenarsari Fatemeh
Published: December 2021

Sexual self-efficacy (SSE) has also been cited as an important factor for healthy and satisfying sex. The purpose of this study was to determine SSE and its related factors among married women of reproductive age.The present study is a cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study. The research samples were 588 married women of reproductive age. A cluster sampling method is used to select participants. Data collection instruments were the socio-demographic form and the Sexual Self-Efficacy Scale-Female Functioning (SSES-F). Data analysis, Friedman, Multiple LinearRegression was performed through SPSS software version 16.

The highest and lowest score was related to body acceptance (77.78) and communication (69.66), respectively. The results showed that age (B= 0.471, P<0.001), marital satisfaction (B= 0.11.3, P<0.001), life satisfaction (B= 3.5, P<0.03) and the economic-social welfare satisfaction were related to SSE. We’ve found that Women with a higher Education, Employment, higher income, and Younger husbands had the highest SSE score.The components of age, marital satisfaction, life satisfaction, and economic status affect the SSE of married women of reproductive age. The results of this study can be useful in the design and implementation of sexual health promotion interventions.

Keywords: Efficacy; sexual behavior; women.
Factors associated with risky sexual behaviour among secondary and preparatory students in Wolaita Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia; Institution based cross-sectional study
Authors: Asnake Azeze Gedion , Atnafu Gebeyehu Natnael , Yeshambel Wassie Addisu , Marama Mokonnon Taklu
Published: December 2021

Background: Young people in Ethiopia aged between 18 and 24 who have had sex before age 18 has increased from 35% in 2005 to 40% in 2016 among women and from 9% to 12% among men.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with risky sexual behavior among secondary and preparatory students in Wolaita Sodo town, Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia; 2020.Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 4 to 25, 2020. Multistage sampling was employed to select a random sample of 830 study participants from 2 randomly selected secondary and preparatory schools. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between the outcome variables and independent variables.Result: Among the 306 participants who reported ever having sex, 196 (24.7%) engaged in risky sexual behaviors. Factors significantly associated with risky sexual behavior were; ever used alcohol, ever smoked cigarettes, parent monitoring, and having sexually active close friend/s.Conclusion: Substantial proportion of study participants engaged in risky sexual behavior calling for more interventions on school student’s addictive behaviors. Parents should have frequent, open and informative discussions about substance use and the associated problems with their adolescents.

Keywords: Students; risky sexual behavior; factors; Ethiopia.
Psychosocial factors influencing contraceptive use among adolescent mothers in the Volta Region of Ghana: application of the Health Belief Model
Authors: Yeboah Akonor Paa , A Ayanore Martin , A Anaman-Torgbor Judith , E Tarkang Elvis
Published: December 2021

Background: Globally, complications arising from pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death among pregnant women aged 15 to 19 years. This study investigated the psychosocial factors influencing contraceptive use among adolescentmothers in the Volta Region using the Health Belief Model (HBM).Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 422 adolescent mothers. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the strength of association between the independent and the dependent variables at a p-value less than 0.05.Results: The prevalence of contraceptive use was 18.7%. Concerning perceived susceptibility, there was a significant association between contraceptive use and the perception of being at risk of pregnancy complications (p<0.001). Perceived barriers showed a significant association between fear of side-effects of contraceptives and contraceptive use (p=0.007). Concerning perceived self-efficacy, there was a significant association between contraceptive use and confidence to suggest to a partner to use contraceptives (p=0.003); confidence to ask for contraceptives from health facilities (p<0.001) and confidence to use contraceptives (p<0.001).Conclusion: Programmes to increase contraceptive use should aim at heightening the perception of risk of pregnancy complications, reduce barriers to contraceptive use and increase the skills in negotiating contraceptive use.

Keywords: Contraceptive use; Adolescent mothers; Health Belief Model; Volta Region; Ghana.