bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Process mining applications in healthcare: a systematic literature review
Authors: Aversano Lerina , Iammarino Martina , Madau Antonella , Pirlo Giuseppe , Semeraro Gianfranco
Published: January 2025

Process mining applications in healthcare is a field widely investigated in the last years. Its diffusion is driven by increasing digitalization and the availability of large quantities of clinical data, enabling hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare organizations to optimize workflows, reduce operational costs, and improve asset management. The importance of process mining lies in its potential to identify inefficiencies in processes, standardize clinical practices, support evidence-based decisions and, in general, improve the quality of care provided. The article aims to systematically review the research landscape in the field of process mining in healthcare, providing an in-depth understanding of how process mining is applied in healthcare. It contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the following aspects: the specific research topics covered (i), the extent of use of various process mining algorithms in different healthcare applications, showing their adaptability and effectiveness in specific contexts (ii), and, finally, the types and characteristics of data employed in these studies, highlighting the needs and challenges related to data in healthcare process mining (iii). Through this systematic literature review, the article can support researchers in identifying the most valuable research topic to be explored by the scientific community working on process mining in healthcare. To achieve this goal, several articles focusing on the algorithms and data employed were selected and analyzed. The final discussion highlights current research gaps, suggesting future areas of investigation, and identifies critical issues and vulnerabilities of existing process mining applications in healthcare.
Applying auxiliary supervised depth-assisted transformer and cross modal attention fusion in monocular 3D object detection
Authors: Wang Zhijian , Liu Jie , Sun Yixiao , Zhou Xiang , Sun Boyan , Kong Dehong , Xu Jay , Yue Xiaoping , Zhang Wenyu
Published: January 2025

Monocular 3D object detection is the most widely applied and challenging solution for autonomous driving, due to 2D images lacking 3D information. Existing methods are limited by inaccurate depth estimations by inequivalent supervised targets. The use of both depth and visual features also faces problems of heterogeneous fusion. In this article, we propose Depth Detection Transformer (Depth-DETR), applying auxiliary supervised depth-assisted transformer and cross modal attention fusion in monocular 3D object detection. Depth-DETR introduces two additional depth encoders besides the visual encoder. Two depth encoders are supervised by ground truth depth and bounding box respectively, working independently to complement each other’s limitations and predicting more accurate target distances. Furthermore, Depth-DETR employs cross modal attention mechanisms to effectively fuse three different features. A parallel structure of two cross modal transformer is applied to fuse two depth features with visual features. Avoiding early fusion between two depth features enhances the final fused feature for better feature representations. Through multiple experimental validations, the Depth-DETR model has achieved highly competitive results in the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute (KITTI) dataset, with an AP score of 17.49, representing its outstanding performance in 3D object detection.
Comparing the localized feeding ecology of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) at natural and artificial reefs: gut content and stable isotope analyses
Authors: Price André , McBride Richard , Schweitzer Cara , Crawford Maurice , Stevens Bradley
Published: January 2025

Black sea bass (Centropristis striata) feed on epibenthic prey, particularly decapods, and become more piscivorous as they grow larger, a trend that has energetic consequences for growth. In the coming decades, construction of wind energy systems will expose black sea bass to a large-scale manipulation of continental shelf habitats in the northeastern United States. In this study, we tested the effects of habitat type (natural versus artificial reef habitats) on size, age, growth, diet, and trophic dynamics of black sea bass, using 407 specimens collected with rod-and-reel gear near Ocean City, Maryland, in 2016 and 2018. No significant differences in fish length, age, size at age, or diet are attributable to habitat. The stable isotope composition (δ13C and δ15N) in samples of 3 tissue types (liver, muscle, and mucus) vary significantly by habitat except for δ15N values in mucus samples. Across tissue type, δ13C values are higher for fish at artificial habitats, indicating more littoral than pelagic feeding. We conclude that, although both types of reef habitats are ecologically equivalent as a source of growth and diet for black sea bass, the differences in stable isotope signatures indicate functional differences in system energy flow that should be investigated further in this and other marine species that will be affected by offshore wind energy development.
Morganella Morgannii- A case of an Emerging Hurdle in the Journey of Septic Wound Healing
Authors: Pate Bhavna , Meshram Supriya , Mudey Gargi
Published: January 2025

Morganella morganii is a facultative gram-negative anaerobe present in the human gastrointestinal system as normal flora. Clinically, the organism is significant when it manifests as an opportunistic pathogenic infection elsewhere in the body. Morganella morganii (M. morganii) is a gram-negative bacillus found in the environment and among normal human intestinal flora. It is a well-known cause of urinary tract infections, wound infections, sepsis and other extraintestinal infections. It is also considered an opportunistic pathogen and has been known to occur in both community-acquired and nosocomial infections. The present case report depicts the outcome of wound healing in a 65-year-old, non diabetic, non hypertension male who had a history of a life-threatening necrotising soft-tissue infection in the right lower limb, which resulted in an infected ulcer due to M. morganii as the responsible pathogen. After proper diagnosis of the aetiologic pathogen as M. morganii, following pus and tissue culture and sensitivity tests from the infected wound, and after appropriate management with local wound care and antibiotics, there was early recovery, less morbidity, and an improved quality of life.
Effect of Different Doses of Intrathecal Nalbuphine as Adjuvant to Hyperbaric Bupivacaine on Characteristics of Subarachnoid Block in Pelvic and Lower Limb Orthopaedic Surgeries: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Kumari Anupama , Jogani Shraddha , Shah Nilesh , Thomas Sara Mary
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% is most commonly used amide local anaesthetic drug in spinal anaesthesia. Various additives have been used as an adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% to modify its anaesthetic properties. Nalbuphine, a mix opioid with high efficacy kappa receptors agonism has also been used as an adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% at different doses.

Aim: To compare and discover the effective dose of nalbuphine as adjuvant in subarachnoid block with hyperbaric bupivacaine in pelvic and lower limb orthopaedic surgeries in terms of onset and duration of sensory and motor block along with postoperative analgesia duration.

Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia, Shrimati Bhikhiben Kanjibhai Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre (SBKS MIRC), Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India over a period of 18 months from February 2023 to August 2024 on 80 patients belonging to 20-60 years of age, American Soceity of Anaesthesiology (ASA) Grade I or II, of either gender undergoing elective pelvic and orthopaedic surgeries. Patients were randomly divided into two groups having 40 patients each. Group A received hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg+0.4 mg nalbuphine (total 3 mL) and Group B received hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg + 0.8 mg nalbuphine (total 3 mL). Sensory and motor block characteristics like their onset time, time to achieve highest sensory level, time to achieve bromage 3, time of two segment regression, duration of sensory and motor block, duration of postoperative analgesia and time for requirement of first rescue analgesia dose were observed and assessed. Haemodynamic parameters along with intraoperative and postoperative sideeffects were also observed.

Results: Both the study groups had similar demographics and haemodynamic parameters. Time of two segment regression of sensory block was significantly longer in Group B (135.25±11.49 min) than A (120.95±16.98 min) with statistically significant prolonged duration of sensory block in Group B (228.25±21.91 min) than A (206.75±15.21 min) (p<0.0001). Postoperative analgesia was also prolonged in Group B (294.75±19.15 min) than A (226.19±14.78 min) without significant increase the incidence of side-effects (p≥0.05).

Conclusion: Study concluded that 0.8 mg nalbuphine as an adjuvant to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in subarachnoid block is more effective dose as it provides prolonged duration of sensory block and postoperative analgesia with good haemodynamic stability and minimal side-effects.
The Effects of Monetary and Grade Points Rewards on Student Motivation in Collaborative Learning: An Experimental Analysis
Authors: Ramirez Yna Kasey Seleen G. , Quinto Precious Lalaine A. , Gomez Keesha Camylle P. , Culajara Claire Lynn B.
Published: January 2025

Motivation is a critical component of educational outcomes; however, the effectiveness of various reward systems in promoting motivation remains under debate. This study investigated whether monetary or grade-point rewards are more effective in enhancing student motivation within a collaborative learning context. A true experimental design, utilizing a between-subject group, was employed with 40 undergraduate students randomly assigned to either a monetary reward group or a grade points reward group. Participants engaged in an "act-it-out" game, and their motivation levels were measured using validated questionnaires assessing engagement, perceived value, effort, intrinsic interest, and collaboration. Results showed that participants in the grade points reward condition reported significantly higher motivation scores (M = 4.51, SD = 0.340) than those in the monetary reward condition (M = 3.78, SD = 0.661). An independent-sample t-test confirmed a significant difference (U (38.0) = 54.0, p = <.001, rrb = 0.730). The findings indicate that cultural factors, particularly the collectivist emphasis on academic achievement in the Philippines, shape preferences for grade-based rewards, which align with long-term academic goals, over monetary rewards. Future studies should explore non-monetary incentives in diverse cultural and institutional contexts and address limitations by implementing controls for extraneous and confounding variables.
Intellectual Capital and the Performance of Public Listed State-owned Enterprises in the Digital Society Era
Authors: Mimba Ni Putu Sri Harta , Wirakusuma Made Gede , Sudana I Putu
Published: January 2025

The shift from the industrial revolution 4.0 to the era of Digital Society 5.0 requires companies to develop strategies to optimize their resources. One way to optimize company resources is by developing intellectual capital. Intellectual capital is needed to improve the performance and competitiveness of the company, especially in the era of Digital Society 5.0, including Go Public SOEs companies which consist of various sectors that play an important role in Indonesia's development. Study of intellectual capital development in SOEs Go Public companies in entering the era of Digital Society 5.0 is still limited. This study aims to fill this gap. The data used is secondary data on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and analyzed quantitatively. Results show that intellectual capital has a significant and positive effect on company performance. This means companies must pay attention to intellectual capital in the era of digital society 5.0. The element of intellectual capital that has the greatest influence based on this research is human capital, while the element of structural capital has no significant effect on the company's performance. The results of this study are also in line with the resource-based theory where SOEs must maximize their competitive advantage to compete in the Digital Society 5.0 era. Go Public SOEs must continue to develop and maintain their intellectual capital. In addition, Go Public SOEs should not only acquire, maintain, and strengthen their intellectual capital but also need to make plans to increase the speed and quality of innovation to improve their performance.
Effectiveness of Talc Formulation (TNAUPc001) Nematode Egg Parasitic Fungus, Pochonia chlamydosporia on the Management of Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in Brinjal (Solanum melongena)
Authors: Senthamizh K. , Vijayageetha V. , Sebastian Sibi , Jamuna E. , Sakthivel K. , Swarnakumari N.
Published: January 2025

A pot culture experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of talc formulation of nematode eggparasitic fungus, Pochonia chlamydosporia in different method of application viz., seed treatment, nursery application in growth media and soil application at he time of transplanting in brinjal for the management of Meloidogyne incognita at Vegetable Research Station, Palur, Tamil Nadu, India during 2020-2021. These experiments clearly indicated the effectiveness of a bio-agent P. chlamydosporia, TNAU (Pc001) talc formulation were more when applied in combined application viz., seed (8g/kg seed) + nursey (10/kg growth media) + soil application method (5kg/ha).  The brinjal yield was significantly high in vegetable yield (880 g/plant) in brinjal (Var PLR 2), Which is 55.3 per cent increase over untreated control and recorded with lowest root-knot nematode, M. incognita population (81.66/250 cc soil and 8.33/ 5 g of root) which was more than 60 per cent reduction over control. The colony farming units in the soil also more (75 X104) in the above treatments. Through these investigations we could standardize a strategy for the sustainable management of nematode by integration of seed treatment @ 8g/kg, nursery application @10g/kg growth media and soil application @5kg/ha in the main field in brinjal.
Effect of perioperative antibiotics on postoperative infection in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A retrospective study
Authors: Yang Sufang , Liu Guohua , He Xuezhen , Huang Congcong , Pei Dabing
Published: January 2025

Objective:

The effect of perioperative antibiotics on postoperative infection (PI) in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing postoperative infection and to identify related risk factors.

Methods

This retrospective study included 464 patients who underwent LC. Patients were divided into the antibiotic group (260 patients, received cephalosporins after anesthesia induction) and the no-antibiotic group (204 patients). Demographic data and infection rates were compared using chi-squared and t-tests, and binary logistic regression was applied to identify risk factors, with results presented as Odds Ratios and Confidence Intervals.

Results

The overall PI rate was 2.4% (11 of 464 patients), with no statistically significant difference between the antibiotic group (2.0%, 5 of 260 patients) and the noantibiotic group (3.0%, 6 of 204 patients; P-value = 0.474). Risk factors significantly associated with PI included advanced age (P = 0.001), low albumin levels (P = 0.010), long hospital stay (P < 0.001), and prolonged operation time (P = 0.002). Logistic regression analysis revealed that advanced age (odds ratios = 1.08, 95% confidence intervals: 1.00-1.16)and extended hospital stay (odds ratios = 1.33, 95% confidence intervals: 1.14-1.56) significantly increased the risk of postoperative infection.

Conclusion

Routine prophylactic antibiotics may not be necessary for all patients undergoing LC; however, older patients and those with extended hospitalizations should be carefully evaluated, as they may be at higher infection risk. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings and optimize antibiotic use in this context.
Gold‐Nanolayer‐Derived Zincophilicity Suppressing Metallic Zinc Dendrites and Its Efficacy in Improving Electrochemical Stability of Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Hee Jae , Kim Sun , Kim Suhwan , Kim Sungkyu , Heo Kwang , Lim Jae‐Hong , Yashiro Hitoshi , Shin Hyeon‐Ji , Jung Hun‐Gi , Lee Yong Min , Myung Seung‐Taek
Published: November 2023

Herein, an Au‐coating layer adjusted on the surface of a Zn metal electrode that effectively suppresses the dendrite growth as well as the mechanisms underlying the dendrite suppression as a result of the zincophilic character of Au is introduced. For the Au‐coated Zn metal symmetric cell, uniform deposition of Zn‐derived compounds was revealed by operando synchrotron tomography. Microscopic studies demonstrate that the Au‐coating layer is induced to form a new Zn–Au alloy during the initial Zn deposition, resulting in stabilized long‐term stripping/plating of Zn via the ‘embracing effect’ that intimately accommodates Zn deposition for further cycles. This property supports the successful operation of symmetrical cells up to 50 mA cm−2. According to Zn electrodeposition simulation, it is verified that the suppression of dendrite growth is responsible for the electro‐conducting Au nanolayer that uniformly distributes the electric field and protects the Zn electrode from corrosion, ultimately promoting uniform Zn growth. The compatibility of the Au‐coating layer for full cell configuration is verified using NaV3O8 as a cathode material over 1 000 cycles. This finding provides a new pathway for the enhancement of the electrochemical performance of ZIBs by suppressing the dendritic growth of Zn by means of a zincophilic Au nanolayer.
Mikrowellenspektren und Molekülstruktur
Authors: Maier W.
Published: November 2023

Der Mikrowellenbereich. Wirkungsweise, Genauigkeit, Empfindlichkeit und Auflösungsvermögen eines Mikrowellenspektrographen. Rotationsspektren im Mikrowellenbereich und ihre Analyse. Bestimmung von Rotationskonstanten, Deformationskonstanten, Trägheitsmomenten. Bestimmung von Kernabständen und Bindungswinkeln, Schwierigkeiten durch die Nullpunktschwingungen. Der Starkeffekt an Rotationslinien. Bestimmung elektrischer Dipolmomente. Die Hyperfeinkonstruktur der Rotationslinien und ihre Analyse. Bestimmung der Quadrupolwechselwirkungskonstante. Molekülphysikalische Bedeutung der letzteren.
Ein Verfahren zur Berechnung der Verbrennungstemperatur von Gasgemischen (Betrachtung von Vorgängen bei konstantem Druck)
Authors: Wolff Hans
Published: November 2023

Eine kürzlich beschriebene Methode, die Temperatur bei der Verbrennung von Gasen in konstantem Volumen durch Aufsuchen des Entropiemaximums zu berechnen, wird auf Vorgänge unter konstantem Druck übertragen.
Zur Theorie der polarographischen Kurve II. Bestimmung der Diffusionskoeffizienten von Ionen in Elektrolytlösungen
Authors: Strehlow H. , Mädrich O. , Stackelberg M. V.
Published: November 2023

Die von Strehlow und v. Stackelberg1) abgeleitete zweite Näherung der polarographischen Diffusionsstromgleichung (Ilkovič‐Gleichung) wird durch experimentelle Untersuchungen an den Ionen Tl+, Pb++, Cd++, Ni++, IO−3 geprüft und bestätigt. Insbesondere wird für den in dieser Gleichung auftretenden Zahlenfaktor A der Wert 17 3 sichergestellt.

Für die genannten Ionen werden die Diffusionskoeffizienten in einer 0,1 n‐KCl‐Lösung bestimmt und mit den nach Nernst aus der molaren Leitfähigkeit bei unendlicher Verdünnung berechneten, d. h. für reines Wasser gültigen, verglichen. Für das Tl‐ion wird der Gang des Diffusionskoeffizienten mit der Konzentration des KCl von 0 bis 3 n bestimmt.

Es wird ein vereinfachtes Verfahren zur polarographischen Bestimmung der Diffusionskoeffizienten angegeben und auf dessen Anwendbarkeit bei der “Absolutpolarographie” hingewiesen.

Es wird gezeigt, daß die zweite Näherung der Ilkovič‐Gleichung die Abhängigkeit der polarographischen Diffusionsstromstärke vom Quecksilberdruck (Niveaugefäßhöhe) richtig wiedergibt, wenn man den Rückdruck infolge der Grenzflächenspannung des Tropfens berücksichtigt.
Adsorption und Oberflächenwanderung beim Langmuir‐Taylor‐Effekt
Authors: Moesta Hasso
Published: November 2023

Es wird über drei Typen von Versuchen zum Studium der Bildung von Kaliumionen an Platin berichtet, deren Ergebnisse der Langmuir‐de Boerschen Theorie zum Teil widersprechen, zum Teil nicht darin enthalten sind. Aus der Vorstellung zweier, dispers nebeneinander existierender Oberflächentypen („aktiver”︁ und „inaktiver”︁ Bereich) läßt sich eine Darstellung gewinnen, die diese Versuche zu beschreiben gestattet und mit älteren Ergebnissen nicht in Widerspruch steht.
Die optische Aktivität als Problem und als Hilfsmittel der Forschung
Authors: Kuhn Werner
Published: November 2023

Durch die vor 60 Jahren von P. Walden beobachtete, nach ihm benannte optische Umkehrung wurden ver‐schiedene, damals ungelöste Probleme auf dem Gebiete der Kinetik chemischer Reaktionen und insbesondere hinsichtlich des Zusammenhangs von chemischer Konstitution und optischer Drehung eindringlich herausgestellt. Es wird dargelegt, wie diese Probleme in den letzten Jahrzehnten durch Beiträge verschiedener Gebiete der Wissenschaft eine wenigstens teilweise und grundsätzliche Lösung gefunden haben. Am Beispiel der bis‐ortho‐substituierten Diphenylverbindungen wird gezeigt, wie das Drehungsvermögen eines gegebenen Antipoden einer optisch aktiven Verbindung mit dem Schwingungsbild der Absorptionsbande des Moleküls verbunden ist und wie das letztere seinerseits mit angebbaren und anschaulichen geometrischen und optischen Molekülparametern zusammenhängt. Das optische Drehungsvermögen steht auf Grund dieser Zusammenhänge im Begriff, aus einem Problem zu einem Hilfsmittel der Erforschung empfindlicher und wichtiger Moleküleigenschaften zu werden.
On oscillating enzymatic reactions and on a possible interpretation of spike‐potentials in nerves
Authors: Christiansen J. A.
Published: November 2023

It is well known that K. F. Bonhoeffer in the later years of his life became deeply interested in problems relating to the function of nerves and in the possible existence of periodic chemical reactions

K. F. Bonhoeffer, Naturwissenschaften 31, 270 (1943) and later papers.

The following contribution, incomplete as it is, which relates just to these two problems is intended by its author to be a hommage to the memory of a dear friend and a great scientist.
Pyroelektrischer Vorlesungsversuch mit flüssiger Luft
Authors: Clusius K.
Published: November 2023

Die auf James Dewar zurückgehende Beobachtung, daß sich Uranylnitrat beim Abkühlen elektrisch stark auflädt und daher zum Klären von flüssiger Luft eignet, ist auf Pyroelektrizität zurückzuführen. Die Erscheinungen lassen sich am Turmalin leicht zeigen. Zum Beseitigen von Verunreinigungen, die in flüssiger Luft umherschwimmen, ist Seignettesalz besonders zu empfehlen.
Interaction between multisensory information and emotional activation in video‐facilitated psychotherapy
Authors: Nordström Elisa , Luutonen Sinikka , Paananen Jenny , Koffert Tarja , Keinänen Matti , Suomalainen Karita , Hietala Jarmo
Published: November 2023

Background

Emotional activation is regarded as central in psychotherapy. We have developed a method called VideoTalk, in which patients video themselves at home according to the therapist's instructions, and the videos are watched together in the therapy session. The aim of the study was to find out whether watching and listening to a video in psychotherapy readily activates the patient's emotions.

Methods

The video material was analysed by theory‐based content analysis using the interacting cognitive subsystems (ICS) theory. The ICS theory suggests a link between sensory information and emotions and describes two levels of meaning: propositional and implicational. The implicational level gains information from the propositional level and directly from perceptions and is central to the activation of emotions. Five patients participated in our schema therapy‐based intervention. Our material included videos of 10 therapy sessions, in which the patient and the therapist watched a video made by the patient at home in a state of helplessness. Watching the video in the session was performed in parts, and between watching periods, there were observation phases consisting of discussion about what the patient had seen and heard on the video and how it affected them. Our data included 38 observation phases, and in 35 of these, the patient verbalised an emotion after watching the video. The implicational level was involved in almost all observation phases in which the patient verbalised emotions.

Results

Our findings are in line with the hypothesis that added multisensory information via video enhances input to the implicational level and therefore emotional activation in psychotherapy. This is a possible mechanism by which the use of VideoTalk could facilitate the psychotherapy process.
Dynamic control of contractile resistance to iPSC‐derived micro‐heart muscle arrays
Authors: Schuftan David , Kooh Yasaman Kargar Gaz , Guo Jingxuan , Sun Yuwen , Aryan Lavanya , Stottlemire Bryce , Berkland Cory , Genin Guy M. , Huebsch Nathaniel
Published: November 2023

Many types of cardiovascular disease are linked to the mechanical forces placed on the heart. However, our understanding of how mechanical forces exactly affect the cellular biology of the heart remains incomplete. In vitro models based on cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC‐CM) enable researchers to develop medium to high‐throughput systems to study cardiac mechanobiology at the cellular level. Previous models have been developed to enable the study of mechanical forces, such as cardiac afterload. However, most of these models require exogenous extracellular matrix (ECM) to form cardiac tissues. Recently, a system was developed to simulate changes in afterload by grafting ECM‐free micro‐heart muscle arrays to elastomeric substrates of discrete stiffnesses. In the present study, we extended this system by combining the elastomer‐grafted tissue arrays with a magnetorheological elastomeric substrate. This system allows iPSC‐CM based micro‐heart muscle arrays to experience dynamic changes in contractile resistance to mimic dynamically altered afterload. Acute changes in substrate stiffness led to acute changes in the calcium dynamics and contractile forces, illustrating the system's ability to dynamically elicit changes in tissue mechanics by dynamically changing contractile resistance.
Technological intensity and local socio‐economic development
Authors: Pereira Rafael Morais , Azevedo Ana Cláudia , Farago Fabio Emanuel , Borini Felipe Mendes
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to empirically analyse the relationship between technological intensity profile and local socio‐economic development, using the theories of path dependence and microregional agglomeration economies. We applied the technique of linear hierarchical modelling with data from 645 municipalities in Brazil. Our results demonstrated that current municipal socio‐economic development could be explained by the local technological path itself but even more so by the technological intensity of the microregion. This article's contribution lies in its union of two theoretical perspectives and its adoption of a quantitative approach, allowing for the analysis of municipal development at two levels, local and microregional.
Isotope effect suggests site‐specific nonadiabaticity on Ge(111)c(2×8)
Authors: Krüger Kerstin , Wang Yingqi , Zhu Lingjun , Jiang Bin , Guo Hua , Wodtke Alec M. , Bünermann Oliver
Published: November 2023

Energy transferred in atom‐surface collisions typically depends strongly on projectile mass, an effect that can be experimentally detected by isotopic substitution. In this work, we present measurements of inelastic H and D atom scattering from a semiconducting Ge(111)c(2×8) surface exhibiting two scattering channels. The first channel shows the expected isotope effect and is quantitatively reproduced by electronically adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. The second channel involves electronic excitations of the solid and, surprisingly, exhibits almost no isotope effect. We attribute these observations to scattering dynamics, wherein the likelihood of electronic excitation varies with the impact site engaged in the interaction.

Key Points

Previous work revealed that H atoms with sufficient translational energy can excite electrons over the band gap of a semiconductor in a surface collision.

We studied the isotope effect of the energy transfer by H/D substitution and performed band structure calculations to elucidate the underlying excitation mechanism.

Our results suggest a site‐specific mechanism that requires the atom to hit a specific surface site to excite an electron‐hole pair.
Rapid, visible light‐controlled cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers for 3D printing of chemically reprocessable networks under ambient conditions
Authors: Gonzalez Calvo Thalia , Hawkins Kade D. , Seo Soyoung Eileen
Published: November 2023

Light‐mediated 3D printing techniques have gained significant interest due to the inherent advantages of light as external stimuli, including spatiotemporal control and easy access. As 3D printing processes require rapid polymerization, free radical or cationic polymerization methods are used. However, these polymerization reactions are limited to the production of materials with properties that cannot be chemically altered post‐printing. In this work, a rapid, open‐to‐air photo‐controlled cationic reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization of vinyl ethers is demonstrated in the presence of a three‐component photoinitiating system comprising a photosensitizer, electron donor, and acceptor as co‐initiators under the irradiation with blue light. The polymerization mechanism shows rapid kinetics and controlled, living polymerization characteristics. Trithiocarbonate chain ends of poly(isobutyl vinyl ethers) are reactivated to produce block copolymers with cyclohexyl vinyl ethers. The rapid kinetics and water tolerance of the reported system enable the 3D printing of polymeric solids under ambient (e.g., room temperature and open to air) conditions, followed by the effective reactivation of trithiocarbonate chain ends to post‐synthetically modify the object with an acrylate‐based fluorescent monomer via a controlled radical polymerization strategy.
Enhancement of Dielectric Response and Optical Bandgap Tuning with Improving Surface Morphology of Recyclable Polyvinyl Alcohol–CeO2 Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Arya Jyoti , Leel Narendra S. , Aakansha  , Quraishi Abdul Mosawir , Hashmi Sonia Zeba , Kumar Shalendra , Choudhary Banwari Lal , Dalela Saurabh , Hasan Zafrul , Singh Jasgurpreet , Alvi Parvez A.
Published: November 2023

Motivated from the extraordinary properties of CeO2 nanomaterial, this article is directed toward the synthesis of recyclable polyvinyl alcohol–CeO2 polymer nanocomposite with variable wt% of CeO2 and investigating their improvements in structural, electrical, optical, and surface properties. The crystalline size and micro‐strain are measured using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) data. Ultraviolet–visible–near‐infrared spectrophotometer is used to study the optical characteristics. Absorbance with redshift is found to enhance; while optical bandgap is reduced from 2.51 to 2.36 eV on increasing wt% of CeO2 nanofiller. The mechanism of reduction in bandgap is supported by the XRD analysis. Refractive index is found to vary from 2.54 to 2.59 and the range of Urbach energy varies from 1.19 to 0.42 eV on increasing the amount of nanofillers. Surface morphology, dielectric constant, and electrical conductivity are also found to improve with increasing wt% of nanofiller. The dielectric constant is improved from 60 to 120 at 1.5 Hz. The rise in conductivity with increasing wt% of CeO2 and rising frequency is due to the enhancement of mobility of the charge carriers and ionic hopping mechanism in conduction process. Characterization outcomes suggest that the prepared composites can be claimed as useful in fabricating the flexible optoelectronic devices.
Electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of Cs2XInCl6 (X = Ag, Na) halide double perovskites
Authors: Arshad Misha , Aldaghfag Shatha A. , Saleem Sanam , Yaseen Muhammad , Nasarullah Nasarullah
Published: November 2023

Herein, the optoelectronic, structural, thermoelectric and elastic features of halide double perovskites (HDPs) Cs2XInCl6(X=Ag, Na) are examined by using full‐potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP‐LAPW) technique. The Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) and Tran‐Blaha modified Becke‐Johnson (TB‐mBJ) potential is employed to figure out the features of mentioned compounds. The computed values of direct band‐gaps (Eg) for Cs2AgInCl6 and Cs2NaInCl6 compounds are 2.52 and 5.24 eV, correspondingly. The stability of perovskites is confirmed in terms of formation energy ΔHf, tolerance factor (τ) and octahedral factor. Furthermore, optical properties analysis demonstrates that studied compound exhibit conductivity and absorptivity across a broad range of incident photon energy with minimum R(ω). Moreover, outcomes of elastic parameters display isotropic and ductile nature for both materials. Thermoelectric (TE) properties like thermal conductivity (k/τ), power factor (PF), electrical conductivity (σ/τ) and Seebeck coefficient (S) are also calculated by utilizing BoltzTrap code. Cs2NaInCl6 attained the maximum value of ZT (0.76) with PF of 0.42. Computed TE and optical parameters indicate that Cs2XInCl6(X=Ag, Na) are promising for usages in solar absorbing and energy conversion devices.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Beyond the EWMA chart: Critiquing hybrid approaches
Authors: Haq Abdul
Published: November 2023

This study reveals that recent variants of the EWMA chart have problematic weighting functions. These functions assign more weight to past data values than to the most recent ones, a practice that is less advisable. What we observed is that these weighting functions have a detrimental impact on the run length properties of these modified charts. Surprisingly, it turns out that, in practice, using a standard EWMA chart often results in superior overall performance when compared to the recent variants of the EWMA chart.
Decay Rate of $$\varvec{\exp (A^{-1}t)A^{-1}}$$ on a Hilbert Space and the Crank–Nicolson Scheme with Smooth Initial Data
Authors: Wakaiki Masashi
Published: November 2023

This paper is concerned with the decay rate of $$e^{A^{-1}t}A^{-1}$$

e

A

-
1

t

A

-
1

for the generator A of an exponentially stable $$C_0$$

C
0

-semigroup on a Hilbert space. To estimate the decay rate of $$e^{A^{-1}t}A^{-1}$$

e

A

-
1

t

A

-
1

, we apply a bounded functional calculus. Using this estimate and Lyapunov equations, we also study the quantified asymptotic behavior of the Crank-Nicolson scheme with smooth initial data. A similar argument is applied to a polynomially stable $$C_0$$

C
0

-semigroup whose generator is normal.
Short- and long-term plant and microbial uptake of 15N-labelled urea in a mesic tundra heath, West Greenland
Authors: Barthelemy Hélène , Nobel Liv Alexa , Stark Sari , Väisänen Maria , Olofsson Johan , Michelsen Anders
Published: November 2023

Terrestrial animals are key elements in the cycling of elements in the Arctic where nutrient availability is low. Waste production by herbivores, in particular urine deposition, has a crucial role for nitrogen (N) recycling, still, it remains largely unexplored. Also, experimental evidence is biased toward short-term studies and Arctic regions under high herbivore pressure. In this study, we aimed to examine the fate of N derived from urine in a nutrient poor tundra heath in West Greenland, with historical low level of herbivory. We performed a pulse labelling with 15N-urea over the plant canopy and explored ecosystem N partition and retention in the short-term (2 weeks and 1 year) and longer-term (5 years). We found that all vascular plants, irrespective of their traits, could rapidly take up N-urea, but mosses and lichens were even more efficient. Total 15N enrichment was severely reduced for all plants 5 years after tracer addition, with the exception of cryptogams, indicating that non-vascular plants constituted a long-term sink of 15N-urea. The 15N recovery was also high in the litter suggesting high N immobilization in this layer, potentially delaying the nutrients from urine entering the soil compartment. Long-term 15N recovery in soil microbial biomass was minimal, but as much as 30% of added 15N remained in the non-microbial fraction after 5 years. Our results demonstrate that tundra plants that have evolved under low herbivory pressure are well adapted to quickly take advantage of labile urea, with urine having only a transient effect on soil nutrient availability.
Synthesis, spectral, thermal properties, and crystal structure of bis(2,4-dichlorobenzoato-O)bis(thiourea-S)zinc(II)
Authors: Kuchár Juraj , Homzová Katarína , Tomčík Peter , Culková Eva , Vargová Zuzana , Györyová Katarína
Published: November 2023

The complex compound bis(2,4-dichlorobenzoato-O)bis(thiourea-S)zinc(II) has been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, thermal analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. During the thermal decomposition in inert atmosphere, thiourea, dichlorobenzene and carbon dioxide are evolved. The solid intermediate was confirmed by IR spectroscopy, and the final product of the thermal decomposition was proven by powder diffractometry. The coordination environment of the zinc(II) atom is built up by two sulphur atoms from two thiourea ligands and two oxygen atoms from two monodentate 2,4-dichlorobenzoate anions to form a distorted tetrahedral coordination around the zinc(II) atom (chromophore ZnO2S2). The mode of the carboxylate binding was assigned from the IR spectrum using the magnitude of the separation between the carboxylate stretches (Δ), and it is in good agreement with the crystal structure. The structure is also stabilized with hydrogen bonds of N–H···O and N–H···Cl type.
Bayesian joint quantile autoregression
Authors: Castillo-Mateo Jorge , Gelfand Alan E. , Asín Jesús , Cebrián Ana C. , Abaurrea Jesús
Published: November 2023

Quantile regression continues to increase in usage, providing a useful alternative to customary mean regression. Primary implementation takes the form of so-called multiple quantile regression, creating a separate regression for each quantile of interest. However, recently, advances have been made in joint quantile regression, supplying a quantile function which avoids crossing of the regression across quantiles. Here, we turn to quantile autoregression (QAR), offering a fully Bayesian version. We extend the initial quantile regression work of Koenker and Xiao (J Am Stat Assoc 101(475):980–990, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1198/016214506000000672) in the spirit of Tokdar and Kadane (Bayesian Anal 7(1):51–72, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1214/12-BA702). We offer a directly interpretable parametric model specification for QAR. Further, we offer a pth-order QAR(p) version, a multivariate QAR(1) version, and a spatial QAR(1) version. We illustrate with simulation as well as a temperature dataset collected in Aragón, Spain.
The quest for multifunctional and dedicated PET instrumentation with irregular geometries
Authors: Sanaat Amirhossein , Amini Mehdi , Arabi Hossein , Zaidi Habib
Published: November 2023

We focus on reviewing state-of-the-art developments of dedicated PET scanners with irregular geometries and the potential of different aspects of multifunctional PET imaging. First, we discuss advances in non-conventional PET detector geometries. Then, we present innovative designs of organ-specific dedicated PET scanners for breast, brain, prostate, and cardiac imaging. We will also review challenges and possible artifacts by image reconstruction algorithms for PET scanners with irregular geometries, such as non-cylindrical and partial angular coverage geometries and how they can be addressed. Then, we attempt to address some open issues about cost/benefits analysis of dedicated PET scanners, how far are the theoretical conceptual designs from the market/clinic, and strategies to reduce fabrication cost without compromising performance.
CRISPR-broad: combined design of multi-targeting gRNAs and broad, multiplex target finding
Authors: Veluchamy Alaguraj , Teles Kaian , Fischle Wolfgang
Published: November 2023

In CRISPR-Cas and related nuclease-mediated genome editing, target recognition is based on guide RNAs (gRNAs) that are complementary to selected DNA regions. While single site targeting is fundamental for localized genome editing, targeting to expanded and multiple chromosome elements is desirable for various biological applications such as genome mapping and epigenome editing that make use of different fusion proteins with enzymatically dead Cas9. The current gRNA design tools are not suitable for this task, as these are optimized for defining single gRNAs for unique loci. Here, we introduce CRISPR-broad, a standalone, open-source application that defines gRNAs with multiple but specific targets in large continuous or spread regions of the genome, as defined by the user. This ability to identify multi-targeting gRNAs and corresponding multiple targetable regions in genomes is based on a novel aggregate gRNA scoring derived from on-target windows and off-target sites. Applying the new tool to the genomes of two model species, C. elegans and H. sapiens, we verified its efficiency in determining multi-targeting gRNAs and ranking potential target regions optimized for broad targeting. Further, we demonstrated the general usability of CRISPR-broad by cellular mapping of a large human genome element using dCas9 fused to green fluorescent protein.
Knee osteoarthritis with a high grade of Kellgren–Lawrence score is associated with a worse frailty status, KNHANES 2010–2013
Authors: Joo Sang Hyun , Song Jin Woo , Shin Kichul , Kim Min Jung , Lee Joongyub , Song Yeong Wook
Published: November 2023

Frailty as a syndrome of physical decline in late life is associated with adverse health outcomes. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) could contribute to frailty conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of KOA on frailty risk in a Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) cohort. In this study (N, total = 11,910, age; 64.10 years old [63.94–64.27; mean 95% CI], sex (female, %); 6,752 (56.69)), KOA patients were defined as those with knee joint pain and grade 2 Kellgren–Lawrence (K–L) or more on plain radiographic images who were 40 years old or older in Korean population data of KNHANES. The frailty index was calculated using 46 items related to co-morbidities and laboratory parameters. The impact of KOA on frailty risk was evaluated with logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of KOA patients was 35.6% [95% CI 34.7–36.46]. In polytomous logistic regression, the relative risk ratio (RRR) of KOA was significantly increased in the pre-frail group (2.76, 95% CI 2.30–3.31) and the frail group (7.28, 95% CI 5.90–8.98). RRR of frailty was significantly increased in patients with K–L grade 3 (1.36, 95% CI 1.13–1.63) and K-L grade 4 (2.19, 95% CI 1.72–2.79). Older age, higher BMI, smoking status, alcohol intake, low-income status, higher WBC count, higher platelet count, higher serum creatinine level and low estimated GFR were significantly associated with increased frailty risk. High hemoglobin and regular walking habits were associated with decreased frailty risk in KOA patients. In this large observation population- based survey cohort, KOA is linked to an increased risk of frailty syndrome. We found a significant connection between KOA and frailty syndrome. These results show that we need to think about the overall health of people with KOA and give them special care to prevent frailty syndrome.
Cement pavement void detection algorithm based on GPR signal and continuous wavelet transform method
Authors: Yu Qiuqin , Li Youxin , Luo Tingyi , Zhang Jun , Tao Liang , Zhu Xin , Zhang Yun , Luo Liufen , Xu Xinxin
Published: November 2023

The dimension of the void area in pavement is crucial to its structural safety. However, there is no effective method to measure its geometric parameters. To address this issue, a void size extraction algorithm based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) method was proposed using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) signal. Firstly, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was used to investigate the GPR response of void areas with different shapes, sizes, and depths. Next, the GPR signal was processed using the CWT method, and a 3D image based on the CWT result was used to visualize the void area. Based on the differences between the void and normal pavement in the time and frequency domains, the signal with maximum energy from the CWT time–frequency result was extracted and combined to reconstruct the new B-scan image, where void areas have energy concentration phenomenon. Based on this, width and depth of void detection algorithm was proposed to recognize the void area. Finally, the detection algorithm was verified both in numerical model and physical lab model. The results indicated that the CWT time–frequency energy spectrum can be used to enhance the void feature, and the 3D CWT image can clearly visualize the void area with a highlighted energy area. After fully testing and validating in numerical and lab models, our proposed method achieved high accuracy in void width and depth detection, providing a precise method for estimating void dimension in pavement. This method can guide DOT departments to carry out pre-maintenance, thereby ensuring pavement safety.
Assessment of the therapeutic potential of lutein and beta-carotene nanodispersions in a rat model of fibromyalgia
Authors: Elkholy Nourhan S. , Mohammed Haitham S. , Shafaa Medhat W.
Published: November 2023

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. Despite the availability of various treatment options, FM remains a challenging condition to manage. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of formulated nanodispersions of lutein and beta-carotene in treating FM-related symptoms induced by reserpine in female Wistar rats. Several techniques have been implemented to assess this efficacy at various levels, including biochemical, bioelectrical, and behavioral. Namely, oxidative stress markers, monoamine levels, electrocorticography, pain threshold test, and open field test were conducted on control, FM-induced, and FM-treated groups of animals. Our results provided compelling evidence for the efficacy of carotenoid nanodispersions in treating FM-related symptoms. Specifically, we found that the dual action of the nanodispersion, as both antioxidant and antidepressant, accounted for their beneficial effects in treating FM. With further investigation, nano-carotenoids and particularly nano-lutein could potentially become an effective alternative treatment for patients with FM who do not respond to current treatment options.