bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the prospect of creating memory elements based on silicon nanoparticles
Authors: Talyzin I. V. , Samsonov V. M.
Published: April 2020

Phase-change memory is based on a change in the optical, electrical, or other properties of a substance during a phase transition, for example, transition from the amorphous to the crystalline state. Already realized and potential applications of such memory are associated with the use for this purpose of multicomponent alloys based on metals, semiconductors. However, single-component nanoparticles, including Si ones, are also of interest in view of the prospects for their use as nanoscale memory units. In particular, possibility of creating such memory units is confirmed by the fact that the bulk phase of the amorphous silicon has an optical absorption coefficient which is by an order of magnitude greater than that of the crystalline, although, it is difficult to release this effect for an individual nanoparticle whose size does not exceed the wavelength of light. In this work, using molecular dynamics (MD) and the Stillinger-Weber potential, we studied the laws of melting and conditions of crystallization for silicon nanoparticles containing up to 100,000 atoms. It has been shown that upon cooling a silicon nanodroplet at a rate of 0.2 TK/s and higher rates, its transition into the amorphous state takes place, whereas single-component metal nanodroplets crystallize even at cooling rates of 1 TK/s. Upon subsequent heating of amorphous silicon nanoparticles containing more than 50,000 atoms, they crystallize in the definite temperature range 1300—1400 K. It is concluded that it is principally possible to create memory units based on the above phase transitions. The transition of a nanoparticle to the amorphous state is achieved by its melting and subsequent cooling to the room temperature at a rate of 0.2 TK/s, and switching to the crystalline state is achieved by heating it to 1300—1400 K at a rate of 0.2 TK/s and subsequent cooling. On the basis of results of MD experiments, a conclusion is made that there exist a minimal size of silicon nanoparticles, for which producing memory units based on the change of the phase state, is not possible. It was found that for the temperature change rate of 0.2 TK/s, the minimal size in question 12.4 nm that corresponds to 50,000 atoms.
Eficacia del programa educativo “Mi sol” para la prevención del abuso sexual infantil en menores de edad de la ciudad de Juliaca, Perú
Authors: Mamani-Benito Oscar , Pinto Cahuapaza Jhon , Núñez Vargas Jubitsa , Quispe Chañi Flavio , Mamani Ordoño Sheila , Quispe Mamani Karen , Vargas Huamantuco Rosa
Published: April 2020

El presente estudio tuvo el objetivo de determinar la eficacia del programa “Mi Sol” en la prevención del abuso sexual infantil (ASI) a través del desarrollo de conocimientos al respecto y habilidades de prevención. El estudio corresponde a un diseño cuasi experimental, realizado sobre un grupo de 28 estudiantes de nivel primario de una institución educativa estatal de la ciudad de Juliaca. Así también, se contó con la participación de un grupo de control conformado por 20 estudiantes. Se aplicó el programa denominado “Mi Sol” elaborado por UNICEF-Chile, y para probar su eficacia se aplicó un cuestionario de conocimientos sobre ASI y habilidades de prevención, los mismos que demostraron ser válidos y confiables. Los resultados en cuanto a la variable “Conocimientos sobre ASI” antes de la intervención demostraron que el puntaje de la media fue de 22.89 y después 28.32 (p = .009); en cambio, el grupo control—antes de la intervención—arrojó un resultado de 22.40 y luego de 22.45 (p = .241). Por otra parte, en cuestión de las habilidades de prevención, en el grupo experimental la media antes de la intervención fue de 19.14 y después 22.14 (p = .024); en cambio, en el grupo control antes fue de 16.95 y después 16.80 (p = .186). Se concluye que el programa “Mi Sol” es eficaz para menores de edad, pues incrementa conocimientos sobre ASI y desarrolla habilidades de prevención, con el objetivo de prevenir situaciones de riesgo que conlleva ser víctima de abuso sexual.
Estimating the Financing Gap of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Lopez-de-Silanes Florencio , McCahery Joseph A. , Schoenmaker Dirk , Stanisic Dragana
Published: April 2020

Using a novel methodology, we estimate the gap between supply and demand financing of small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) financing in several European countries. We find the largest loan gap spreads are in Poland and the Netherlands. Specifically, our results show the upper boundary of the loan gap is the lowest in Romania and the highest in the Netherlands. Moreover, the lowest lower boundary of the equity gap is in the Netherlands, while the highest lower boundary is in Romania. Overall, our results suggest that there is a significant difference between the estimated demand and supply of equity, which is on average 3% of GDP.
Populating the NCBI pathogen metadata template v3
Authors: Timme Ruth , Balkey Maria , Wolfgang William , Strain Errol
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE: Guidance on how to populate NCBI's Pathogen metadata package, maximizing interoporability for foodborne pathogen surveillance. SCOPE: This protocol provides detailed instructions for populating the core metadata fields within the Pathogen metadata package.
Rab29 fast exchange mutants: characterization of a challenging Rab GTPase v1
Authors: C. Gomez Rachel
Published: April 2020

Rab29 has been implicated in multiple membrane trafficking processes with no described effectors or regulating proteins. Its fast nucleotide exchange rate and inability to bind GDI in cytosol make it a unique and poorly understood Rab. Because the conventional, “GTP-locked” Rab mutation does not have the desired effect in Rab29, we present here the use of a fluorescence-based assay to characterize novel mutants that display faster nucleotide exchange rates, allowing for GEF-independent Rab29 activation.
Directorial Approach of Reflective Darkness in Handling Plays with the Visually Impaired: Case Study of Federal College of Education (SP) Oyo, Nigeria
Authors: Olaide Nasir, Taofiq , Olatunji Aikomo,
Published: April 2020

Practicability of theatre (irrespective of actor’s physiological condition) is the availability of a body that is capable of moving in an occupied space and responds to direction. Consequently, this study examines the process involved in directing plays for the visually impaired. It employs the analytical and historical methods while participant-observation serves as an instrument used. Adopted is Jaques Derrida’s theory of Deconstruction which is grounded in how communication is effected and how languages, codes, signs and movements and symbols are interpreted. Undoubtedly, the visually impaired persons are fit for theatre practice and directing them though challenging, is an interesting endeavor but this is better achieved through reflective darkness. It is hereby recommended that for the visually impaired, reflective darkness, which is a synthesis of spatial arrangement, verbal and non-verbal communication is the way to enhance their communication capability and creative ability. Therefore, attention should be given to people with special needs in general and the visually impaired in particular, as their involvement in theatre practice/performance will tremendously provide a better future for them as it ensures self-reliance which will be a complete departure from the usual degrading and dehumanising practices such as alms begging, crime and caricature known of them.
Approaches and Activities Adopted by M. Ed. Student Teachers of English to Teach Reading: A Critical Assessment
Authors: Adhikari Bal Ram , Poudel Kamal Kumar
Published: April 2020

Literature on second language reading suggests that the effectiveness of teaching reading depends largely on theoretically-guided and contextually-informed classroom methodology. In this study, we investigated the classroom methodology adopted by the students of Master of Education (M. Ed.) specializing in English from Mahendra Ratna Campus, Tahachal, who were teaching Bachelor of Education (B. Ed.) reading courses during their practice teachinghence defined as ‘student teachers’ (STs). Foregrounding the role of reading in the overall language development and academic achievement of English as a foreign language (EFL) students, the present B. Ed. English curriculum under Tribhuvan University has adopted a content-based approach to teaching reading. In order to understand how those reading courses were taught, we purposively selected ten M.Ed. STs and observed two classes of each, employing a semi-structured classroom observation scheme. In order to cross-compare STs' classroom performance with their theoretical knowledge about reading pedagogy and overall objectives of the reading courses, we also analyzed the English language teaching course the STs had studied in the M.Ed. program as well as B. Ed. reading courses and coursebooks they were teaching. The collected data were coded and analyzed thematically. The findings show that the teaching methodology adopted by the STs goes counter to the principles of ESL/EFL reading and expectations articulated in the reading courses. These findings illustrate the urgent need to reassess the methodology of teaching reading at the tertiary level and minimize the gap between the M. Ed. English students’ pedagogical knowledge and their classroom performance.
The Effectiveness of Social Media Application "Telegram Messenger" in Improving Students’ Reading Skills: A Case Study of EFL Learners at Ajloun University College/Jordan
Authors: Momani Muntaha Ali Mohammad Al
Published: April 2020

With the advent of smart phones and new smart devices, the use of these mobile communication devices has become an integral part of our daily life. The study aims to discuss the influence of modern technological apps in developing students' skills such as telegram messenger channels on improving reading skills E-leaning, m-learning and techno-aids might help to fill the gap. The study is conducted on EFL learners at Ajloun University College. To sum up, the study has provided evidence to the effectiveness of Telegram® social media application in improving students' reading skills.
Action Research in EFL: Exploring Writing Pedagogy Through a Task-based Lesson Delivery
Authors: Ahmad Zulfiqar
Published: April 2020

The study attempted to move away from the more traditional Presentation, Practice, Production model of teaching to experiment with the Task Based Learning approach. Action research framework was adopted to observe a writing class with a focus on developing the paragraph level skills of the Preparatory Year EFL students. Teacher notes, peer observation report, samples of students' writing and a short student survey were used to collect the data. The results revealed that the new approach though mostly successful and effective had a few issues in regard to activity management and feedback on students' performance. The study recommends a series of similar action research initiatives to further validate the newly used teaching approach as well as introduce other pedagogic approaches which have not been practiced so far.
Deconstructing the Miltonic Exaggerations in Paradise Lost
Authors: Hizam Akram Nagi
Published: April 2020

Paradise Lost has become a controversial epic in misrepresenting characters especially among pious critics and religious scholars. Based on applying the deconstruction theory analysis on Paradise Lost, this paper discusses three main purposes about the Miltonic exaggerations in Paradise Lost: the infringement of God divinity, the high power position of Jesus Christ, and Oliver Cromwell; as the intended symbolic political figure by Milton.In fact, the Bible and the Holy Quran are considered two main sources to the paradise story, so they apparently deconstruct the Miltonic thoughts in this epic poem. According to deconstructionism in Paradise Lost, Milton consecrated the ideology of the Trinity concept which is not explicitly mentioned in the New Testament. He also exceeded the reasonable limitation of divinity by ignoring the role of the Great God and overstating the role of Jesus Christ as the whole mercy and justices. In addition, Milton came out with Paradise Lost after Oliver Cromwell’s death in order to express his grief about Oliver Cromwell and the Commonwealth fall as well.
Causative in Sasak: A Mechanism of Valency Increase
Authors: Azizah Nurul , Artawa Ketut , Indrawati Ni Luh Ketut Mas , Satyawati Made Sri
Published: April 2020

This study discusses the formation of causatives based on the criteria proposed by Dixon (2012). Pertain to the mechanism of valency increasing, it is found that causative construction in Sasak Kuto-Kute dialect covers two forms: morphological and lexical. Morphological causative involves the process of adding confix N -ang/in and affix -in to the non-causative base verb, whilst, the lexical causative uses the causative verb mate 'died/killed'. Furthermore, it was found that the formation of causative from intransitive verbs can be done by moving the original S to O position in the causative construction, which is morphologically marked on the verb, and also using different verbs with the same meaning to form the causative construction which is followed by the transfer of the original S to O position. For transitive verbs, the formation can be done through the use of affixes with the original A and original O both becoming O1 and O2. Last, the causative construction in the dialect semantically involves five semantic parameters, namely transparency, naturalness, intention, involvement, and control.
Teaching Design and Practice of Intensive Reading Course Based on BOPPPS
Authors: Zhang Liang
Published: April 2020

BOPPPS, based on constructivism and communicative approach, is famous for effective teaching. It is a closed-loop teaching activity model that emphasizes students’ participation and feedback in the process of classroom teaching organization. Taking the course of Intensive English as an example, the paper designs teaching plan based on BOPPPS, formulates teaching tasks and implementation approaches in line with BOPPPS, implements the teaching plan, and reflects the teaching effect through teaching practice. Taking features of Intensive Reading course into consideration, the paper claims that BOPPPS is an effective teaching model, which not only stimulates students’ self-directed learning, but also save teachers and students’ energy to solve puzzles within the limited credit periods. Hopefully, BOPPPS might be gradually and widely applied to the English teaching.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA SIKAP SOSIAL DENGAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBILANG ANAK TAMAN KANAK-KANAK
Authors: Yunita Halimah , Listiana Aan , Nugraha Ali
Published: April 2020

Sikap sosial dan kemampuan membilang merupakan dua hal penting yang perlu distimulus sejak usia dini. Permasalahan yang sering ditemui dilapangan adalah besarnya tuntutan penguasaan kemampuan membilang pada anak tanpa disertai pemberian stimulus yang tepat dan cenderung mengabaikan aspek perkembangan lainnya seperti sikap sosial. Jika hal ini terus terjadi, maka kemampuan membilang dan sikap sosial anak tidak akan berkembang secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara sikap sosial dengan kemampuan membilang anak Taman Kanak-kanak di Kecamatan Batununggal Bandung. Metode yang digunakan adalah korelasional dengan menggunakan uji signifikansi Product Moment. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 229 anak dengan jumlah sampel 132 anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara sikap sosial dengan kemampuan membilang pada anak. Hal ini terlihat dari nilai signifikansi yang diperoleh yaitu 0,000 0,005 yang artinya H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, dengan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,419. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikansi antara sikap sosial dengan kemampuan membilang anak Taman Kanak-kanak. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini bagi lembaga TK untuk memberikan kegiatan yang mampu menstimulus serta meningkatkan sikap-sikap sosial dan kemampuan membilang anak.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN ALAT PERMAINAN EDUKATIF DI LUAR KELAS TERHADAP PERILAKU PROSOSIAL ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: El-Seira Ridha Marissa , Zaman Badru , Mariyana Rita
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya perilaku prososial anak ketika berinteraksi dengan teman-temannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh pengunaan alat permainan edukatif di luar kelas terhadap perilaku prososial anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode pre eksperimen dengan desain one-group pretest-posttest design. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak kelompok B di Raudhatul Athfal Al-Hikmah Bandung tahun ajaran 2017-2018 dengan jumlah populasi 15 anak. Adapun sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 15 anak yang ditentukan dengan teknik sampling jenuh. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan daftar cek observasi yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan statistika inferensial. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan ketika hipotesis diuji pada α = 0,05 dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test, didapatkan hasil p = 0,001 yang berarti alat permainan edukatif di luar kelas mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan dalam meningkatkan perilaku prososial anak. Peningkatan tersebut tidak terlepas dari faktor alat permainan edukatif di luar kelas, karakteristik anak dan waktu pelaksanaan penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, hendaknya guru dapat memperhatikan penggunaan alat permainan edukatif di luar kelas untuk meningkatkan perilaku prososial anak usia dini.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA RASA PERCAYA DRI DENGAN KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL ANAK TAMAN KANAK-KANAK
Authors: Suryani Ratih , Agustin Mubiar , Gustiana Asep Deni
Published: April 2020

Rasa percaya diri dan keterampilan sosial merupakan dua aspek penting yang harus dikembangkan sejak usia dini. Namun kondisi di lapangan pada kenyataannya masih banyak guru yang belum memahami arti pentingnya rasa percaya diri dan keterampilan sosial anak. Jika kondisi ini terus terjadi maka masa peka anak akan terlewati dan perkembangan anak tidak akan tercapai secara optimal. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara rasa percaya diri dengan keterampilan sosial anak Taman Kanak-kanak (TK). Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode korelasional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di TK Kecamatan Sukasari Kota Bandung, dengan populasi anak kelompok B sebanyak 419 anak dan sampel penelitian sebanyak 104 anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara rasa percaya diri dengan keterampilan sosial anak TK dan tingkat hubungannya sedang. Nilai korelasi yang diperoleh sebesar 0.538. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahawa rasa percaya diri memberikan kontribusi sebesar 28,94% terhadap keterampilan sosial anak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, peneliti merekomendasikan bagi sekolah untuk mengadakan kegiatan belajar yang mampu meningkatkan rasa percaya diri dengan keterampilan sosial anak.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA TORSO MODEL GIGI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MERAWAT GIGI DAN MULUT ANAK
Authors: Wildan Shofia Purnama
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih rendahnya kemampuan anak dalam merawat kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Terihat dari beberapa anak yang mengalami penyakit gigi, belum biasa merawat gigi dengan baik dan belum memeriksakan gigi secara rutin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan media torso model gigi dalam meningkatkan kemampuan merawat gigi anak kelompok B di TK. Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian anak kelompok B berjumlah 20 anak yang terdiri atas 6 anak laki – laki dan 14 anak perempuan. Analisis data diperoleh melalui hasil observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat peningkatan kemampuan menggosok gigi / merawat kesehatan gigi dan mulut setelah menggunakan media Torso Gigi pada anak kelompok B. Pada penelitian siklus I akhir menunjukan peningkatan yang optimal yaitu pada umumnya anak dalam kategori B (Baik) sebanyak 30% dan pada sikus II akhir mengalami peningkatan yang sangat baik dengan dengan ketercapaian kategori B sebanyak 70%. Adapun rekomendasi bagi guru yaitu para guru perlu mengembangankan dan menciptakan media – media pembelajaran anak yang menarik, salah satunya media torso. Media torso gigi dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan bagi sekolah sebagai salah satu media pembelajaran yang dapat dikembangkan, sehingga dapat mengembangkan dan mengoptimalkan kemampuan anak dalam kemampuannya menggosok gigi.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN INTERAKSI SOSIAL ANAK MELALUI METODE BERMAIN PERAN MAKRO
Authors: Dinawati Yuli Dinawati , Syaodih Ernawulan , Rudiyanto Rudiyanto
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan temuan masalah yang berkaitan dengan kemampuan interaksi sosial anak di kelompok A2 TK Negeri Pembina Sadang Serang. Permasalahan tersebut adalah anak yang memiliki kecenderungan anak bermain sendiri, kurangnya anak dalam bergaul, tidak saling tegur sapa, masih jarang melakukan kontak mata saat bercakap- cakap, dan saat proses pembelajaran sering menggunakan Lembar Kegiata Siswa (LKS). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh gambaran mengenai penerapan metode bermain peran makro dalam meningkatkan kemampuan interaksi sosial anak kelompok A2 TK Negeri Pembina Sadang Serang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas yang kolaboratif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 13 anak yang terdiri dari 5 anak laki-laki dan 8 anak perempuan. Pencapaian kemampuan interaksi sosial anak mengalami peningkatan pada setiap indikator diantaranya anak mampu menyapa, anak mampu berkomunikasi secara verbal, anak mampu meminta bantuan, anak mampu menyimak, anak mampu bertanya dan anak mampu bercakap-cakap. Rekomendasi yang diberikan untuk pendidik anak usia dini yaitu penerapan metode bermain peran makro ini dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatife untuk meningkatkan interaksi sosial anak sebagai metode yang menarik, dan memotivasi dan melibatkan anak secara langsung.
PROFIL KREATIVITAS GURU DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Sari Yopita , Zaman Badru , Setiasih Ocih
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya kreativitas dalam profesi guru, salah satunya dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran. Peneliti memilih TK Sekolah Alam Bandung untuk dijadikan sebagai tempat penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kreativitas guru dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran di TK Sekolah Alam Bandung. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan wawancara kepada empat orang guru. kemudian hasil penelitian dianalisa dengan menggunakan teori tematik. Dalam penelitian ini gambaran kreativitas guru dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran dilihat dari segi produk kreatif berupa media pembelajaran. media kreatif dapat dinilai dengan tiga aspek yaitu kebaruan, resolusi, serta elaborasi dan sintesis. Hasil temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, dilihat dari kebaruan media, media yang dibuat guru di TK Sekolah Alam Bandung memiliki ciri kebaruan, seperti 60-70% menggunakan bahan lingkungan sekitar. Kedua, dilihat dari aspek resolusi, media di TK Sekolah Alam Bandung tidak hanya dirancang untuk memudahkan guru akan tetapi disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan anak juga. Ketiga, dilihat dari aspek elaborasi dan sintesis, media yang dibuat guru di TK Sekolah Alam Bandung sebagian besar tampil sederhana tapi dibalik kesederhanaannya media memiliki banyak manfaat.
MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL ANAK MELALUI PERMAINAN BOLA KASTI MODIFIKASI
Authors: Lestari Ayu , Syaodih Ernawulan , Gustiana Asep Deni
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan temuan masalah yang berkaitan dengan keterampilan sosial anak pada kelas B1 RA PRIMA. Permasalahan tersebut adalah anak yang memiliki kecenderungan anak tidak mampu bersosialisasi dengan baik, cepat gelisah, mudah tersinggung, pili-pilih teman dan proses pembelajaran yang masih mengacu kepada lembar kerja anak. Dengan demikian upaya selanjutnya diperlukan stimulasi pembelajaran yang dapat menunjang keterampilan sosial, salah satunya melalui permainan bola kasti modifikasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui apakah permainan bola kasti modifikasi dapat meningkatkan keterampilan sosial anak pada kelas B1 RA PRIMA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) Kolaboratif antara guru kelas dan peneliti dengan lokasi penelitian di RA PRIMA dengan partisipan sebanyak 11 anak yang terdiri dari 6 anak perempuan dan 5 anak laki-laki. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh meningkat secara signifikan pada siklus II dengan perbaikan yang dihasilkan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa permainan bola kasti modifikasi dapat membantu meningkatkan keterampilan sosial anak sehingga penelitian dirasa cukup dan diberhentikan. Rekomendasi bagi penelitian berikutnya lebih memahami macam-macam permainan yang dapat menstimulasi keterampilan sosial anak, selain itu hal yang harus diperhatikan bagi peneliti adalah mengenai aspek perkembangan yang lain yang harus dipotimalkan dengan baik seperti aspek keterampilan moral dan agama, kognitif dan memunculkan gagasan yang kreatif serta inovatif.
KEMAMPUAN GURU PAUD DALAM MENATA LINGKUNGKUNGAN BELAJAR DITINJAU DARI KUALIFIKASI AKADEMIK
Authors: Nurjanah Dwi Sri , Setiasih Ocih , Kurniawati Leli
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengetahuan guru PAUD dalam menata lingkungan belajar antara guru yang berlatar belakang pendidikan relevan dengan PAUD dan yang berlatar belakang tidak relevan dengan bidang PAUD. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode ex-post facto. Tes dilakukan kepada guru PAUD di Kecamatan Lengkong Kota Bandung yang berjumlah 50 orang yang tersebar di 7 PAUD/TK. Instrumen pengumpulan data mengacu pada rusman (2012) serta dikembangkan dan disesuaikan oleh peneliti. Analisis statistik untuk mengetahi perbedaan pengetahuan guru PAUD dalam menata lingkungan belajar menggunakan uji statistik Independent Sample T-test. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu 1) Profil pengetahuan guru PAUD dalam menata lingkungan belajar yang berlatar belakang pendidikan relevan dengan PAUD berada pada kategori sangat tinggi yaitu 93,33% . 2) Profil pengetahuan guru PAUD dalam menata lingkungan belajar yang berlatar belakang pendidikan tidak relevan dengan PAUD berada pada kategori sangat tinggi yaitu 75%. 3) Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,000 0,05) antara guru yang berlatar belakang pendidikan yang relevan dan tidak relevan dengan bidang PAUD.  Hal ini menunjukan bahwa kualifikasi akademik menjadi salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pengetahuan guru dalam menata lingkungan belajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka peneliti merekomendasikan agar guru PAUD dapat memenuhi latar belakang pendidikan sesuai dengan standar yang berlaku guna meningkatkan pengetahuan dalam menata lingkungan belajar.
KEMANDIRIAN ANAK USIA DINI MENURUT PANDANGAN GURU DAN ORANG TUA
Authors: Rizkyani Fatimah , Adriany Vina , Syaodih Ernawulan
Published: April 2020

Pembentukan kemandirin pada usia dini sangatlah penting dipahami oleh guru dan orang tua. Sebab orang tua dan gurulah yang sangat berperan dalam pembentukan kemandirian anak.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dan tindakan apa sajakah yang diberikan dan terjadi pada anak yang dapat membentuk kemandirian anak, bagaimana kemandirian anak usia dini, dan hambatan apa sajakah yang dapat menghambat kemandirian anak usia dini. Subjek pada penelitian ini berjumlah enam partisipan yang terdiri dari tiga orang guru dan tiga orang tua. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian studi kasus dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan grounded theory. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaiamana guru dan orang tua memiliki pandangan bahwa kemandirian anak itu penting dikembangkan karena dengan itu anak dapat melakukan segala sesuatunya sendiri dan tidak tergantung pada orang lain serta guru dan orang tua berpandangan kemandirian anak dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu faktor pendorong meliputi adik, kekompakan orang tua, konsistensi dan teman akan membentuk kemandirian anak, sedangkan nenek yang telalu memanjakan cucunya, lingkungan keluarga yang tidak mandiri serta telepon genggam merupakan faktor yang dapat menghambat kemandirian anak. Rekomendasi ditujukan kepada guru dan orang tua agar dapat bekerjasama dalam membentuk kemandirian anak dengan memberikan banyak kegiatan yang positif agar anak dapat terbentuk kemandiriannya.
Plane stress state of a strip weakened by a crack
Authors: Reut V. V. , Molokanov Yu. V.
Published: April 2020

The plane stress elastic infinite strip problem of a finite longitudinal crack is investigated. The method that can be applied to calculate the stress state and the displacements for an infinite and semi-infinite strip with the longitudinal crack and arbitrary configuration of the boundary conditions is proposed. The main advantage of this method lies in the absence of necessity for use of the apparatus of the matrix differential calculus. Initial problem is reduced to the one-dimensional boundary value problem with the help of the generalized scheme of the integral transform method. By using the inverse integral Fourier transform, the one-dimensional problem is reduced to solving of the system of singular integral equations on a finite interval. The solution of this system was constructed with the help of the method of orthogonal polynomials by means of the second kind Chebyshev polynomials series expansion of the unknown functions. A graph of dependence of the stress intensity factor (SIF) on the geometric parameters of the problem is plotted. It is shown that the SIF for the case of the said strip tends to the SIF for the case of an infinite plane as the width of the strip approaches infinity.
Asymptotic analysis of the singularly perturbed Korteweg-de Vries equation
Authors: Samoilenko V. H. , Samoilenko Yu. I. , Vovk V. S.
Published: April 2020

The paper deals with the singularly perturbed Korteweg-de Vries equation with variable coefficients. An algorithm for constructing asymptotic one-phase soliton-like solutions of this equation is described. The algorithm is based on the nonlinear WKB technique.

The constructed asymptotic soliton-like solutions contain a regular and singular part. The regular part of this solution is the background function and consists of terms, which are defined as solutions to the system of the first order partial differential equations. The singular part of the asymptotic solution characterizes the soliton properties of the asymptotic solution. These terms are defined as solutions to the system of the third order partial differential equations. Solutions of these equations are obtained in a special way. Firstly, solutions of these equations are considered on the so-called discontinuity curve, and then these solutions are prolongated into a neighborhood of this curve.

The influence of the form of the coefficients of the considered equation on the form of the equation for the discontinuity curve is analyzed. It is noted that for a wide class of such coefficients the equation for the discontinuity curve has solution that is determined for all values of the time variable. In these cases, the constructed asymptotic solutions are determined for all values of the independent variables. Thus, in the case of a zero background, the asymptotic solutions are certain deformations of classical soliton solutions.
Steady-state sloshing in an orbitally-forced square-base tank
Authors: Timokha O. M. , Lahodzinskyi O. E.
Published: April 2020

The paper conducts a series of analytical studies on the resonant steady-state sloshing in a rigid square base container, which have been originated by Faltinsen & Timokha who derived and applied the Narimanov-Moiseev—type nonlinear modal equations for investigation in the sloshing problem. The modal equations, which consist on nine-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations, should be applicable for sway/pitch/surge/roll periodic excitations but, due to, basically, mathematical difficulties, the previous papers exclusively concentrated on the reciprocating (longitudinal, oblique and diagonal) motions of the container. This article is showed that the steady-state waves caused by this kind of forcing are asymptotically identical to those occurring when the tank performs horizontal orbital motions. We generalize the previous results by Faltinsen & Timokha to classify the steady-state wave regimes versus the semi-axes ratio of the forcing ellipse in the tank which is filled by a liquid with a finite depth.
Numerical simulation of the flow of viscous incompressible fluid through cylindrical cavities
Authors: Trotsenko Ya. P.
Published: April 2020

The flow of viscous incompressible fluid in a cylindrical duct with two serial diaphragms is studied by the numerical solution of the unsteady Navier–Stokes equations. The discretization procedure is based on the finite volume method using the TVD scheme for the discretization of the convective terms and second order accurate in both space and time difference schemes. The resulting system of non-linear algebraic equations is solved by the PISO algorithm. It is shown that the fluid flow in the region between the diaphragms is nonstationary and is characterized by the presence of an unstable shear layer under certain parameters. A series of ring vortices is formed in the shear layer that causes quasi-periodic self-sustained oscillations of the velocity and pressure fields in the orifice of the second diaphragm. There can be four self-sustained oscillation modes depending on the length of the cavity formed by the diaphragms. With the increase in the distance between the diaphragms, the frequency of oscillations decreases within the same self-oscillation mode and rises sharply with the switch to the next mode.
Semantic Analysis of Texts Presented in Natural Language
Authors: Voloshyn O. F. , Sviatogor L. O. , Morgun V. V.
Published: April 2020

The article considers a cognitive approach to one of the problems of artificial intelligence consisting in semantic analysis of texts presented in natural language. Development of methods and means of discourse analysis is a necessary step for building systems of intellectual communication between a person and a computer (robot). A scientific hypothesis is proposed suggesting that an observer of the environment studies and understands the World when he is able to highlight and analyze Facts, Events and Situations. Corresponding linguistic and cognitive structures of these "units of semantic analysis" of the reality - "Fact", "Event", "Situation" and "Sense" - are proposed and justified. The Sense is considered a prerequisite for understanding dialogue and discourse.
Reducing the negative impact of changes in space weather on human condition
Authors: Martysh E. V.
Published: April 2020

In the article, based on the analysis of the physical factors responsible for the parameters of space weather near the Earth, possible ways of influence of the geomagnetic field disturbances on the state of the human body and methods of untraditional medicine to prevent the negative impact of such disturbances, the conclusions about the possibility of using acupuncture in the prevention and elimination of such influence are made. and the ability to use plasma medicine to address these problems with high efficiency.
Manifestations of triplet electronic excitations migration in π-electron containing polymers
Authors: Yashchuk V. M. , Lebedyeva I. V. , Navozenko O. M.
Published: April 2020

The results of spectral studies of polymers with aromatic side groups are considered and analyzed. In particular, the phosphorescence spectra of polyvinylcarbazole (PVCa) polyvinyl-7-benzocarbazole (PV7BK) polypropylcarbazole (PEPC) are presented and analyzed. The phosphorescence of these polymers has been shown to be related to the migration of triplet excitons in macromolecules. The phosphorescence of PVC is determined at 77by deep traps (oxides), at 4.2 -shallow traps (monomer units of PVCa). The spreading length of triplet excitons in PVCa macromolecules is 600 A – that corresponds to the average distances between adjacent traps in the macromolecule. There are no such traps in PV7BK macromolecules. The boundary conditions for triplet excitons in macromolecules of PV7BCa were used for evaluation the excitons spreading length. With this aim the dependence of phosphorescence spectra on molecular weihgt were studied The effect of changing of spectral positions of phosphorescence bands when exciton rich the end macromolecular cell was used. The average trip length of triplet excitons is approximately 1000 A. This distance is in fact limited by the probability of the meeting of triplet excitons in the macromolecule and their annihilation at a given excitation intensity.
From Violence to Mobilization: Women, War, and Threat in Rwanda*
Authors: Berry Marie E.
Published: April 2020

Theories of social movement emergence posit “threat” as an important concept in explanations of mobilization. This article uses the case of the 1994 Rwandan genocide to investigate whether threats that stem from mass violence can also have a mobilizing effect. Drawing from interviews with 152 women in Rwanda, I reveal how threatening conditions created by the genocide and civil war initiated a grassroots mobilization process among women. This mobilization featured women founding and joining community organizations, engaging in new forms of claims making toward state institutions, and eventually running for political office. Two mechanisms facilitated this process: the social appropriation of feminine values for the reconceptualization of women as legitimate political actors, and the brokerage of connections between individual women, organizations, and government institutions by foreign actors. I conclude by suggesting that this mobilization served as a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the meteoric rise of women in Rwanda's politics.
“Are You One of Those Women?” Within-Movement Conflict, Radical Flank Effects, and Social Movement Political Outcomes*
Authors: McCammon Holly J. , Bergner Erin M. , Arch Sandra C.
Published: April 2020

Studies of social movement outcomes rarely consider the impact of conflict between groups within movements on the ability of movement actors to achieve their political goals. In this examination of the Texas women's movement from the late 1950s until the early 1970s, we consider the role of within-movement conflict as organized women worked to gain an Equal Legal Rights Amendment. Our analysis reveals that conflict within movements can benefit activists by fueling a radical flank effect and, in the end, helping activists achieve important political goals. Our study also reveals the agency of movement actors as one group distances itself from another to seek political elite support. Such efforts can help activists open largely closed political opportunity structures. We conclude that researchers studying movement political outcomes should consider the potentially beneficial role of within-movement conflict.
Facebook Feminism: Social Media, Blogs, and New Technologies of Contemporary U.S. Feminism*
Authors: Crossley Alison Dahl
Published: April 2020

Social networks and interpersonal ties are critical to social movements. They help recruit members, sustain organizations, nourish participants' movement identities, and disseminate information. Scholarship has pointed to the formative role of social media and other information and communication technologies in online and offline mobilization. Questions remain, however, regarding how online social and friendship networks shape social movements. In this article, I draw from literature on social networks, online mobilization, and women's movements to examine the role of online feminist social networks in feminist mobilization. Presenting qualitative data from a racially and geographically heterogeneous group of college feminists, I argue that Facebook and feminist blogs enlarge and nourish feminist networks, create online feminist communities, expand recruitment bases for online and offline mobilization, and increase opportunities for online interaction with adversaries. Finally, I consider generational shifts in the feminist movement, and the broader relationship between friendship networks and online and offline mobilization.
BROKER AND BUFFER: WHY ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS PARTICIPATE IN POPULAR PROTESTS IN CHINA*
Authors: Zhang Yang
Published: April 2020

The social movement literature considers that institutional allies facilitate movement mobilization and favorable outcomes, but it has not sufficiently analyzed how such alliances emerge and endure. This gap becomes more significant in nondemocratic settings, where institutional support of protests is monitored, restricted, and suppressed. Drawing upon fifty in-depth interviews, this article examines the variations of environmental nongovernmental organizations' (NGO) participation in four popular protests in China. I find that environmental NGOs collaborated with grassroots protesters to varying degrees, ranging from minimal presence of information provision, policy advocacy, coalition building, to pervasive participation including protest mobilization. The degree of NGO participation cannot be explained by organizational resources, civic communities, or political environments; rather, it hinges on skillful agencies that broker otherwise disconnected resources and buffer political pressure for their partners. My research contributes to the relational approach to social movements and to studies on the interactions among social movements, NGOs, and the authoritarian state.
CRISIS AND POLICY CHANGE: HIV/AIDS AND SYRINGE SERVICES IN CALIFORNIA*
Authors: Showalter David
Published: April 2020

Mobilization researchers have recently sought mechanisms that produce movement outcomes by reshaping relations among groups involved in contentious politics. Environmental mechanisms, which externally influence conditions of contention, are particularly salient in health-related movements where biological and ecological factors are implicated. In this article I conceptualize an environmental mechanism associated with collective responses to epidemic and eruptive social problems: the mechanism of crisis—an unforeseen and rapidly spreading threat that (1) motivates transgressive contention by those threatened, (2) elevates challengers through alliances with powerful groups that share their perspective, and (3) facilitates policy change by temporarily undermining officials' credibility. I illustrate this mechanism in the case of syringe services programs for HIV prevention in California. Using archives, newspapers, and indepth interviews, I show that the inconsistent spread of syringe services followed the development and deterioration of an HIV/AIDS-related crisis. This mechanism also explains resurgent attention to syringe services amid the ongoing overdose crisis.
Women's Self-Help and The Reconstruction of Gender: The Postpartum Support and Breast Cancer Movements
Authors: Taylor Verta , Van Willigen Marieke
Published: April 2020

Recent research reveals that the mobilization, leadership patterns, and strategies of social movements are organized by gender in previously unrecognized ways. Scholars have had less to say about the consequences of social movements for the reconstruction of gender relations in American society. Using data from two women's self-help movements, we outline a framework for analyzing the impact of social movements on the transformation of gender. Drawing from Judith Lorber's concept of gender as a social institution, our analysis demonstrates that women's self-help movements disrupt gender practices, deconstruct gendered hierarchy, and dismantle gendered structures. Our comparative study illustrates that in order fully to understand the impact of social movements on the gender order, we must look for evidence of changes in the process, stratification system, and structure of gender. We conclude by arguing that the postpartum support group and breast cancer movements highlight the significance of social movements as collective actors involved in the reconstruction of gender.
Reinvigorating The Study of Organizational Processes in Social Movements
Authors: Minkoff Debra , McCarthy John
Published: April 2020

We draw upon diverse theoretical perspectives in organizational analysis to identify four areas where a more serious interface between this "cognate" field and social movement research promises to deepen our understanding of social movement organizations (SMOs). These areas include conceptualizing social movements as organizational fields, thinking of activists as part of a labor market situated in the social movement sector, analyzing SMOs in terms of entrepreneurship and organizational change, and finally, looking more closely at processes of organizational decision making. We discuss studies by social movement scholars that implicitly or explicitly engage the cognate scholarship with an eye to identifying those areas where systematic research is lacking. We close by sketching some methodological approaches for addressing each of the lacunae we identify.
Where Do We Stand with Newspaper Data?
Authors: Ortiz David , Myers Daniel , Walls Eugene , Diaz Maria-Elena
Published: April 2020

We review the literature that identifies selection bias in media-based data and propose a theoretical model of the sources of these biases. Given the implications for validity and reliability, we conclude that newspaper data often do not reach acceptable standards for event analysis and that using them can distort findings and misguide theorizing. Furthermore, media selection biases are resistant to correction procedures largely because they are unstable across media sources, time, and location. We end with a plea for more circumspect approaches to media data that fully and openly consider the implications of their inherent limitations.
Unpacking Adaptation: The Female Inheritance Movement in Hong Kong
Authors: Stern Rachel
Published: April 2020

In 1994, after a year of intense activism by indigenous women and their urban supporters, indigenous women in the New Territories of Hong Kong were legally allowed to inherit land for the first time. In pushing for legislative change, the female inheritance movement adopted key ideas—gender equality, human rights and a critique of patriarchy—from a global vocabulary of feminism and human rights. This article examines this rights frame to understand how, if at all, activists modified international conceptions of discrimination and rights to fit Hong Kong. Overall, the ideology was not fundamentally altered or adapted, but indigenized by local activists through the use of local symbols. More deep-rooted change was not necessary for two reasons: First, in the pre-handover moment, rights arguments derived political currency from their association with an international community. Also, critical movement participants, here termed translators, helped encompass the indigenous women's individual kinship grievances within a broader movement based on rights.