bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salivary protein biomarkers associated with orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review
Authors: Allen Riley K. , Edelmann Alexander R. , Abdulmajeed Aous , Bencharit Sompop
Published: May 2019

Structured Abstract

Objective

Saliva can provide a non‐invasive approach to indicate changes in the oral and systemic conditions. Salivary proteomics allows the discovery of new protein biomarkers associated with certain conditions. The effectiveness and physiological effects of orthodontic tooth movement in theory can be measured using salivary protein biomarkers.

Setting and Sample Population

This study applied a systematic review to analyse current literature to define and summarize salivary biomarkers associated with orthodontic tooth movement identified by mass spectrometry proteomics and other protein detection techniques.

Materials and Methods

Peer‐reviewed articles published through the 15th of November 2018 via the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Dentistry & Oral Sciences databases were reviewed. Only studies analysing protein biomarkers in saliva samples collected from human subjects associated with orthodontic treatments were included.

Results

Out of 482 articles, 7 studies were selected. Sample size ranged from 3 to 72 subjects. Minor variations of unstimulated whole saliva sample collection protocol were noted. Mass spectrometry proteomics and ELISA represented the majority of biomarker discovery and targeting, respectively. Twenty biomarkers were identified or chosen as target biomarkers.

Conclusion

Salivary proteins may be used to indicate effectiveness of orthodontic treatment and orthognathic treatment as well as adverse treatment consequence, such as root resorption.
A novel nonsense substitution identified in the AMIGO2 gene in an Occulo‐Auriculo‐Vertebral spectrum patient
Authors: Rengasamy Venugopalan Shankar , Farrow Emily , Sanchez–Lara Pedro A. , Yen Stephen , Lypka Michael , Jiang Shao , Allareddy Veerasathpurush
Published: May 2019

Structured Abstract

Objective

Craniofacial microsmia is the second most common congenital disorder with mostly unilateral defects of ear, temporomandibular joint, mandible, and muscles of facial expression and mastication. The objective of this study was to identify, if there were any, de novo germline or somatic variants in a patient with Occulo‐Auriculo‐Vertebral Spectrum (OAVS) using whole‐exome sequencing.

Settings and Sample Population

Trio/Family‐based study of an OAVS proband.

Materials and Methods

Children's Mercy Hospital Institutional Review Board approved this study and a request‐to‐rely was procured from the University of Missouri Kansas City IRB. Informed assent/consent was obtained for all family members prior to any research activities. The peripheral blood/affected side tissues from corrective surgery of the proband and peripheral blood samples from unaffected parents were collected. The isolated genomic DNA were enriched for exomes and sequenced on an Illlumina HiSeq 2500 instrument yielding paired‐end 125 nucleotide reads (84X coverage). Gapped alignment to reference sequences (GRCh37.p5) was performed with BWA and the GATK and analysis completed using custom‐developed software.

Results

Analyses revealed that the proband carried a de novo germ line nonsense substitution (c.901C>T) in AMIGO2 gene, and missense substitutions in ZCCHC14 (c.1198C>T), and in SZT2 genes (c.2951C>T).

Conclusions

The nonsense substitution in AMIGO2 gene introduces a premature stop codon possibly rendering the gene non‐functional via nonsense‐mediated pathway decay—therefore considered a stronger candidate. Further functional studies are required to confirm whether loss‐of‐function variants in AMIGO2 can cause OAVS.
Compliance monitoring via a Bluetooth‐enabled retainer: A prospective clinical pilot study
Authors: Castle Eric , Chung Philip , Behfar Mohammad H. , Chen Matthew , Gao Jonathan , Chiu Nicholas , Nelson Gerald , Roy Shuvo , Oberoi Snehlata
Published: May 2019

Structured Abstract

Objectives

To conduct a prospective pilot trial to test the clinical efficacy and accuracy of a newly developed Bluetooth‐enabled retainer, which was synchronized with an iOS mobile application, cloud database and provider webpage.

Setting and Sample Population

Five orthodontic residents in a university setting.

Material and Methods

At the delivery of the retainers (T0), each participant was given an Bluetooth‐enabled retainer, logbook and iPod Touch installed with the mobile application. Participants were instructed to wear the retainer for 12 hours per day and record in the logbook each time the retainer was inserted or removed and trained to synchronize the device daily to the mobile application. After the 5‐day study period (T1), statistical analysis was performed comparing the device‐reported data to the logbook data using two calculation methods.

Results

From T0 – T1, the participants wore their retainers for a median of 11.55 hours per day and the median difference between the self‐reported (logbook) data and the device data was 35 minutes or 5.1% over the 5‐day study period. Using an adjusted method to calculate the device‐reported wear time, the median error was 13 minutes or 1.9%.

Conclusion

Subjects were able to successfully wear the retainer and upload the data to the mobile application and cloud database. Patient compliance and technical issues could be monitored daily via the provider webpage, and early intervention was possible with reminder messaging. The Bluetooth‐enabled retainer showed a clinically acceptable level of accuracy and usability that validates it for future clinical testing.
Effect of scan substrates on accuracy of 7 intraoral digital impression systems using human maxilla model
Authors: Bocklet Chris , Renne Walter , Mennito Anthony , Bacro Thierry , Latham Jason , Evans Zachary , Ludlow Mark , Kelly Abigail , Nash Jansen
Published: May 2019

Structured Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to determine how the accuracy of digital impressions was affected by four common dental substrates using seven prevalent IOS systems to scan the complete arch of a human maxilla.

Setting and Sample Population

The Department of Oral Rehabilitation at the Medical University of South Carolina. A single cadaver maxilla.

Materials and Methods

Seven digital intraoral impression systems were used to scan a freshly harvested human maxilla. The maxilla contained several teeth restored with amalgam and composite, as well as unrestored teeth characterized by enamel. Also, three teeth were prepared for full coverage restorations to expose natural dentin. An industrial grade metrology software program that allowed 3D overlay and dimensional computation compared deviations of the complete arch and its substrates on the test model from the reference model.

Results

Substrates were significantly different from each other when considering scan data as a whole, as well as when comparing IOS devices individually. Only PlanScan failed to reveal trueness differences between the different substrates, while only Emerald revealed precision differences between the substrates.

Conclusions

Substrate type does impact the overall accuracy of intraoral scans with dentin being the most accurate and enamel being the least accurate. The four substrates scanned impacted the trueness of all IOS devices.
Influence of mini‐screw diameter and loading conditions on static and dynamic assessments of bone‐implant contact: An animal study
Authors: Exposto Cristina R. , Oz Ulas , Westgate Philip M. , Huja Sarandeep S.
Published: May 2019

Structured Abstract

Objectives

The goal was to compare static versus dynamic bone‐implant interface histology of mini‐screws and to evaluate its relation to diameter and load.

Setting and Sample Population

Canine animal model.

Material and Methods

Custom‐machined, titanium alloy (Ti6AI4V) mini‐screws (n = 70) of 1.60, 2.00, 3.00 and 3.75 mm diameter were placed into edentulous sites in five skeletally mature beagle dogs. Using a split‐mouth design, no load (NL) was applied to one side while a 2N load (L) was applied by calibrated coil springs on the other side. Intravenous bone labels were administered 21 and 7 days prior to sacrifice. Dogs were euthanized 90 days after screw placement. Bone sections were analysed under bright‐field and epifluorescent light. The region of interest was defined as the bone within the threads of the screws. The following parameters were quantified: (a) Static—bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV %) and bone‐implant contact (BIC, %); (b) Dynamic—labelled bone/bone volume (LB/BV, %), and dynamic BIC (DBIC, %).

Results

BV/TV ranged from 71.2% to 85.0% of the screw surface. BIC ranged from 45.7% to 55.4% of the screw surface and was not affected by diameter (P = 0.66). In contrast, the percentage of DBIC did not vary with the applied load (P = 0.41); however, it correlated significantly with the diameter of the screw (P = 0.001).

Conclusion

The percentage of DBIC that is actively remodelling increases with increasing diameter of the screw. Dynamic histomorphometry is more sensitive to detecting changes in bone‐implant contact when compared to static measurements.
3D landmarks of Craniofacial Imaging and subsequent considerations on superimpositions in orthodontics—The Aarhus perspective
Authors: Cattaneo Paolo M. , Yung Augustine K. C. , Holm Annemarie , Mashaly Omar M. , Cornelis Marie A.
Published: May 2019

Structured Abstract

Objective

(a) To evaluate intra‐ and inter‐observer reliability in landmarks placement along the three planes of space on cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) data sets; (b) To evaluate whether the reliability of each landmark differs in CBCT scans characterized by two different voxel dimension and quality.

Setting and Sample Population

A total of 84 scans were used in this study: 49 scans were taken with the NewTom 3G, and 35 scans were taken with the NewTom 5G. The scans were characterized by an isotropic voxel dimension of 0.36 and 0.30 mm for the NewTom 3G and the NewTom 5G, respectively.

Methods

A total of 13 landmarks were placed according to the corresponding definitions in 3D, also presented in this study: Foramen Spinosum (R/L), Nasion, Sella, Gonion (R/L), Pogonion, Menton, A point, Anterior nasal spine, Posterior nasal spine, Basion, Cribriform Plate (CR). Intra‐ and inter‐observer reliability and Intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC) ICC for landmarks identification were assessed. Five reference and registration planes based on the above‐mentioned landmarks were also presented.

Results

ICC both for the intra‐ and inter‐observer measurements had a score larger than 0.9 in all directions, except in the sagittal direction for CR. Regarding intra‐ and inter‐observer reliability, only N, S, and Ba scored well in all directions.

Conclusions

Most of the landmarks analysed displayed a high reliability along at least 2 directions. The choice of landmarks to define registration and superimposition planes must be carefully selected, as the reliability of these planes is inherited from the one of the landmarks defining them.
Solvothermal synthesis of WO3/TiO2/carbon fiber composite photocatalysts for enhanced performance under sunlight illumination
Authors: Balta Zeynep , Bilgin Simsek Esra , Berek Dusan
Published: May 2019

Carbon fiber (CF)‐based WO3/TiO2 composite catalysts (WO3/TiO2/CF) were successfully synthesized by solvothermal method. The catalysts were characterized by XPS, SEM, BET, XRD, FTIR, Raman and UV–Vis. The analyses confirmed the WO3/TiO2 nanoparticles with high crystallinity deposited on the carbon structure. The photocatalytic degradation of Orange II azo dye under UV and sunlight illumination with the synthesized catalyst was explored. The composite catalyst displayed high performance (85%) for Orange II degradation while that of for WO3/TiO2 was found as 76%. The effects of CF amount, solution pH, initial dye concentration and catalyst dose on photocatalytic performance were studied. It was found that the degradation efficiency increased from 68% to 90% with the increasing CF amount from 3 wt% to 5 wt%, while the further increase in CF amount (7–10 wt%) decreased the photodegradation due to the blocking the active sites of WO3/TiO2. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency was mainly attributed to the electrical properties of the CF and reduced bandgap.
Skin Microbiome Compositional Changes in Atopic Dermatitis Accompany Dead Sea Climatotherapy
Authors: Brandwein Michael , Fuks Garold , Israel Avigail , Sabbah Fareed , Hodak Emmilia , Szitenberg Amir , Harari Marco , Steinberg Droron , Bentwich Zvi , Shental Noam , Meshner Shiri
Published: May 2019

Dead Sea climatotherapy (DSC) is a well‐established therapeutic modality for the treatment of several diseases, including atopic dermatitis. Skin microbiome studies have shown that skin microbiome diversity is anticorrelated with both atopic dermatitis severity and concurrent Staphylococcus aureus overgrowth. This study aimed to determine whether DSC induces skin microbiome changes concurrent with clinical improvements in atopic dermatitis. We sampled 35 atopic dermatitis patients and ten healthy controls on both the antecubital and popliteal fossa. High‐resolution microbial community profiling was attained by sequencing multiple regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Dysbiosis was observed in both lesional and nonlesional sites, which was partially attenuated following treatment. Severe AD skin underwent the most significant community shifts, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mitis and Micrococcus luteus relative abundance were significantly affected by Dead Sea climatotherapy. Our study highlights the temporal shifts of the AD skin microbiome induced by Dead Sea climatotherapy and offers potential explanations for the success of climatotherapy on a variety of skin diseases, including AD.
Messages and Familiar Faces: Crowdfunding in the 2017 U.K. Electoral Campaign
Authors: Pompl Solange , Gherghina Sergiu
Published: May 2019

Political crowdfunding is a relatively new process. Research has sought to unveil its functioning in particular case studies. However, crowdfunding in electoral campaigns remains largely unexplored and little is known about why some candidates are more likely to attain targeted donation levels than others. This article addresses this gap in the literature and analyzes the use of crowdfunding in the 2017 U.K. General Election campaign. It aims to explain the variation in candidates’ ability to reach the proposed targets. The analysis uses original data collected from 100 crowdfunding projects, campaign websites, and the social media pages of the candidates during the campaign. The findings indicate that candidates with an aggressive message, who are realistic about their proposed target and who are already in office, are more likely to gather donations closer to their targets.

Related Articles

Brogan, Michael J., and Jonathan Mendilow. 2012. “The Telescoping Effects of Public Campaign Funding: Evaluating the Impact of Clean Elections in Arizona, Maine, and New Jersey.” Politics & Policy 40 (3): 492‐518. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00353.x

Jäckle, Sebastian, and Thomas Metz. 2017. “Beauty Contest Revisited: The Effects of Perceived Attractiveness, Competence, and Likability on the Electoral Success of German MPs.” Politics & Policy 45 (4): 495‐534. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12209

Lavery, Lesley. 2013. “Gender Bias in the Media? An Examination of Local Television News Coverage of Male and Female House Candidates.” Politics & Policy 41 (6): 877‐910. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12051
Diversity and distribution of Laurencia sensu stricto (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Mexican Pacific, including L. mutueae sp. nov.
Authors: Sentíes Abel , Dreckmann Kurt M. , Hernández Oscar E. , Núñez Resendiz María L. , Le Gall Line , Cassano Valéria
Published: May 2019

The alpha diversity of Laurencia sensu stricto, as well as the majority of the other algal groups along the Mexican Pacific, was underestimated because very few studies had incorporated the use of molecular markers in taxonomic studies, which would allow a more realistic estimation of diversity, incluing new records and new species. The records of Laurencia s.s. for the Eastern Pacific (California, USA to Chile) currently represent 23% of its richness worldwide. In this work, we proposed an updated census of the currently recognized species of Laurencia s.s. for the Mexican Pacific. This checklist reported the occurrence of 22 species that represent 16% of the 137 species worldly recorded. We further included taxonomic remarks, type localities, and a detailed distribution for each species. In addition, we proposed a new species for this region, Laurencia mutueae sp. nov., based on morphological observation as well as phylogenetic analyses. The distribution in the Mexican Pacific revealed that the highest records of species were for the sub‐temperate region, while the localities along the Mexican tropical Pacific were poorly recorded. The scarcity of floristic affinities between the eastern and the western and central parts of the North Pacific Ocean was hypothesized to be a consequence of a strong isolation and hard barriers, such as the water masses between these regions.
A Brief Measure of Unbearable Psychache
Authors: Pachkowski Mikayla C. , May Alexis M. , Tsai Michelle , Klonsky E. David
Published: May 2019

Objective

Psychache has been proposed to cause suicide when it becomes unbearable. However, existing measures of psychache do not directly target unbearable psychache. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to provide initial validation for a brief measure of unbearable psychache.

Method

Three items were selected to create the Unbearable Psychache Scale (UP3). Psychometric properties were assessed in two populations: (1) an online sample composed of 1,006 adults (53% male) from various locations in the United States and (2) a sample of 190 psychiatric inpatient adults (47% male) from a hospital in Western Canada.

Results

In both samples, theUP3 demonstrated excellent internal reliability, and strong convergent and predictive validity. Additionally, theUP3 predicted significant variance in suicidal ideation over and above documented correlates of suicidal ideation including general psychache, hopelessness, perceived burdensomeness, and low belongingness.

Conclusions

TheUP3 is a brief, psychometrically sound measure of unbearable psychache that may be well‐suited for use in research protocols and clinical assessments.
Where Have All the Rural Poor Gone? Explaining the Rural–Urban Poverty Gap in European Countries
Authors: Bernard Josef
Published: May 2019

This article contributes to explanations of rural poverty and deprivation by focusing on the rural–urban poverty and deprivation gap in European countries. Using European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data, it confirms, convincingly, the limited validity of the argument for universally increased poverty and deprivation levels in rural areas in Europe, and demonstrates that the disparities are related to four theoretically elaborated factors: increased rural poverty can be observed in countries with lower rural population densities, in countries with a higher proportion of farmers, in post‐socialist transition countries, and in countries with generally lower economic development levels and decreased living standards. In particular, national economic development appears to be the essential factor behind rural disadvantage. Three interrelated negative processes have been revealed in the countryside of poor European countries: an increased concentration of low‐resource households, a higher poverty risk to these households, and additional poverty‐enhancing effects that operate independently of household resources. These direct rural effects are strongly conditioned by the national economic advancement and related urbanisation processes.
3D imaging of human epidermis micromorphology by combining fluorescent dye, optical clearing and confocal microscopy
Authors: Fernandez Eric , Marull‐Tufeu Sylvie
Published: May 2019

Background

The human epidermis presents a complex organization due to its dynamic and plein‐stratified epithelium. Still nowadays, one of the best method to study this layer of the skin remains the histology sections. This approach remains tedious and gives only 2D information.

Materials and Methods

Rhodamine B is a dye known to have a high affinity for the epidermal layer and to possess fluorescent properties. Associated with a clarification method such as 3DiSCO, this dye maintains a high fluorescence emission. The skin which became transparent can then be investigated with a Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope.

Results

We showed that this technique can collect longitudinal or transversal optical sections of the epidermis as whole. Serial sections allowed to move easily into the epidermis. A 3D imaging can also be generated to study the microrelief of the stratum corneum or the complex organization of the dermal‐epidermal junction.

Conclusion

In this work, we describe a simple and fast staining and clearing method for skin samples. In association with a fluorescence microscope such as the confocal, we show a new way to characterize the whole epidermis. This work appears as a valuable and complementary method to understand several topics around skin investigation.
Public Attention to a Local Disaster Versus Competing Focusing Events: Google Trends Analysis Following the 2016 Louisiana Flood
Authors: Yeo Jungwon , Knox Claire Connolly
Published: May 2019

Objectives

This study explores trends of public attention to natural disasters, emphasizing the importance of public attention for disaster management and its relevance to policy adaptation.

Methods

Public attention was measured as Google Trends’ time‐series Search Volume Index (SVI). We compare the trend of SVI for the 2016 Louisiana Flood with SVI trends for other disasters of varying size, scale, and scope within the United States. Then, we compared the trend of relative SVI for the flood with other ongoing social/political events over the same observation period.

Results

Public attention to the 2016 Louisiana Flood formed and matured relatively faster than other national disasters in the comparison group. However, the flood disaster was not leading public attention at the national level.

Conclusions

Not late but less public attention might have affected disaster management operations for 2016 Louisiana Flood. Authors address some practical implications and strategies for rising public attention to natural disasters.
Development of digital bathymetry maps for Lakes Azuei and Enriquillo using sonar and remote sensing techniques
Authors: Moknatian Mahrokh , Piasecki Michael , Moshary Fred , Gonzalez Jorge
Published: May 2019

This article presents an improved algorithm for optimization and development of a digital bathymetric model (DBM) for Lake Azuei (LA) (Haiti) and Lake Enriquillo (LE) (Dominican Republic) using the ANUDEM method. Both sonar data and contour lines of the lakes’ layout extracted using Landsat imagery were compiled for bathymetry development. We show that the performance of the ANUDEM method was strongly dependent on the density and irregularity of the spatial distribution of the data. Changing the resolution of the output grids and deriving auxiliary topographically corrected contours improved the ANUDEM performance and minimized the systematic errors of the method. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between measured and interpolated depths, characterized by a root mean square error of less than 0.71 m (LE) and 0.96 m (LA), and a median difference of −0.009 m (LE) and 0.012 m (LA) on average. The shape reliability analysis revealed a relationship between accuracy and the depth and slope values, increasing in the center of the lakes where they are deep and the slope is gentle.
An Investigation of the Effects of Exercises Applied on Unstable Surfaces on High School Students
Authors: Ozuak Ali , Erdem Kamil
Published: May 2019

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of plyometric exercises applied on unstable platforms on static and dynamic balances of soccer players who continued their high school education. In the study, male soccer players with similar socio-economic status between the ages of 14 and 16 formed the study group (SG; n=24; age=15.08±1.36) and the control group (CG; n=22; age=15.22±1.62). Static Balance Eyes Open (SB-EO), Static Balance Eyes Closed (SB-EC) and Dynamic Balance tests (DB) were applied on the SG and CG as pre- and post-tests for both dominant leg (DL) and non-dominant leg (NDL). SG athletes were subjected to plyometric exercises on unstable surfaces for sixteen sessions that were integrated into the physical education lessons in high school while CG athletes performed only a traditional soccer training program. As a result of the statistical analyses, when the pre-post test scores of the SG were examined, dynamic balance-dominant leg (DB-DL; p=0.03), dynamic balance-non-dominant leg (DB-NDL; p=0.03), static balance eyes open-dominant leg (SB-EO-DL; p=0 01), static balance eyes closed -dominant leg (SB-EC-DL; p=0.03) and static balance eyes closed-non-dominant leg (SB-EC-NDL; p=0.01) measurements were found statistically significant (p<0.05) while the CG had statistical improvements only in SB-EO-DL measurements (p=0.03). When the differences between the two groups were examined, only SB-EC-DL measurements were found statistically significant in favor of the SG (p=0.03). In conclusion, especially the improvement of DL observed in the SG is important for optimum performance considering that it is necessary to use both legs effectively in soccer. Considering the multitude of activities performed on a single leg in soccer, it is thought that the increase in bilateral balance can improve the skills that determine soccer performance in difficult conditions such as dribbling, shooting and passing.
Aportes a la comprensión de la increencia en Colombia
Authors: Beltrán William Mauricio
Published: May 2019

Este artículo intenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre el crecimiento y las características de la población que se identifica como atea, agnóstica o no afiliada a ninguna religión en Colombia. Con base en la revisión de investigaciones sobre el tema, artículos de prensa e información disponible en blogs y páginas electrónicas, caracteriza a esta población en aspectos como sus posiciones frente a la espiritualidad, la ética, la ciencia y la política. Propone, además, algunas hipótesis sobre las causas del crecimiento de este sector de la población y sobre la relación de dicho crecimiento con la secularización de la sociedad colombiana.
Imago Dei en personas con discapacidad intelectual grave
Authors: Maliszewska Anna
Published: May 2019

La mayor parte de la enseñanza eclesiológica referente a la categoría de imago Dei es entendida de forma que no se ajusta a las personas con discapacidad intelectual. Se trata, por lo general, de los argumentos que confinan el ser imagen de Dios a una serie de capacidades especiales del intelecto del humano, o a la capacidad de dominar sobre el resto de la creación. El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una interpretación alternativa de imago Dei que de ninguna forma sea excluyente respecto de las personas con discapacidad intelectual severa. El texto se basa en la interpretación de la relación de la imagen de Dios, manteniendo la tradición que la une con la libertad y el dominio sobre la creación. Se muestra a las personas con discapacidad intelectual severa como sujetos que activamente hacen uso de la libertad y del dominio del mundo, pero de manera única, de acuerdo con su condición.
A importância do helenismo no pensamento do Apóstolo Paulo
Authors: Mazzarolo Isidoro
Published: May 2019

Paulo foi um homem de três culturas e “três cabeças”. Ele assimila elementos importantes do ambiente grego, do judeu e do romano. Paulo mostra-se mais do que um apóstolo; revela-se um grande mestre das mentes e corações. Na missão dentro do mundo greco-romano, ele faz uso de muitos elementos da cultura helenística, a fim de alcançar seus objetivos evangelizadores. Este artigo pretende realçar a importância da linguagem, dos conceitos e outros elementos da cultura grecoromana na teologia e antropologia paulina.
A revolta de Lab’ayu. As cartas de Tell el-Amarna e o contexto político de Canaã antes de Israel
Authors: Kaefer José Ademar
Published: May 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a revolta que aconteceu em Canaã, sob a liderança de Lab’ayu, governante de Siquém, um pouco antes do surgimento de Israel, e que teve a adesão de várias cidades-Estado da região. O estudo será feito através da análise das cartas encontradas em Tell el-Amarna e que foram enviadas ao faraó por Lab’ayu, governante de Siquém (EA 252-254), por Tagi, governante de Ginti-Kirmil (EA 264-266), e por Mut-Ba‘lu, governante de Pella (EA 255-256). Constata-se na referidas cartas que o território conquistado pela revolta de Lab’ayu é similar ao que o rei Saul, primeiro rei de Israel, ocupou alguns séculos depois.
Dynamics of the Tracheal Airway and Its Influences on Respiratory Airflows: An Exemplar Study
Authors: Sul Bora , Altes Talissa , Ruppert Kai , Qing Kun , Hariprasad Daniel S. , Morris Michael , Reifman Jaques , Wallqvist Anders
Published: May 2019

Respiration is a dynamic process accompanied by morphological changes in the airways. Although deformation of large airways is expected to exacerbate pulmonary disease symptoms by obstructing airflow during increased minute ventilation, its quantitative effects on airflow characteristics remain unclear. Here, we used in vivo dynamic imaging and examined the effects of tracheal deformation on airflow characteristics under different conditions based on imaging data from a single healthy volunteer. First, we measured tracheal deformation profiles of a healthy lung using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during forced exhalation, which we simulated to characterize the subject-specific airflow patterns. Subsequently, for both inhalation and exhalation, we compared the airflows when the modeled deformation in tracheal cross-sectional area was 0% (rigid), 33% (mild), 50% (moderate), or 75% (severe). We quantified differences in airflow patterns between deformable and rigid airways by computing the correlation coefficients (R) and the root-mean-square of differences (Drms) between their velocity contours. For both inhalation and exhalation, airflow patterns were similar in all branches between the rigid and mild conditions (R > 0.9; Drms < 32%). However, airflow characteristics in the moderate and severe conditions differed markedly from those in the rigid and mild conditions in all lung branches, particularly for inhalation (moderate: R > 0.1, Drms < 76%; severe: R > 0.2, Drms < 96%). Our exemplar study supports the use of a rigid airway assumption to compute flows for mild deformation. For moderate or severe deformation, however, dynamic contraction should be considered, especially during inhalation, to accurately predict airflow and elucidate the underlying pulmonary pathology.
Inhibition of Contraction Strength and Frequency by Wall Shear Stress in a Single-Lymphangion Model
Authors: Bertram C. D. , Macaskill C. , Moore J. E.
Published: May 2019

The phasic contractions of collecting lymphatic vessels are reduced in strength and occur at diminished frequency when a favorable pressure difference and the resulting antegrade flow create large fluid shear stresses at the luminal surface. This paper describes a minimal phenomenological model of this mechanism that is applied to a previously validated numerical model of a phasically contracting lymphangion. The parameters of the inhibition model are quantitatively matched to observations in isolated segments of rat lymphatic vessel, first for mesenteric lymphatics then for thoracic duct, and outcomes from the numerical model are then qualitatively compared with recent observations in isolated segments of rat thoracic duct.
Profile Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis Via Sensor Fusion for Ultrasonic Welding
Authors: Guo Weihong (Grace) , Jin Jionghua (Judy) , Jack Hu S.
Published: May 2019

Sensor signals acquired during the manufacturing process contain rich information that can be used to facilitate effective monitoring of operational quality, early detection of system anomalies, and quick diagnosis of fault root causes. This paper develops a method for effective monitoring and diagnosis of multisensor heterogeneous profile data based on multilinear discriminant analysis. The proposed method operates directly on the multistream profiles and then extracts uncorrelated discriminative features through tensor-to-vector projection, and thus, preserving the interrelationship of different sensors. The extracted features are then fed into classifiers to detect faulty operations and recognize fault types. The developed method is demonstrated with both simulated and real data from ultrasonic metal welding.
Characterization of a Novel Emergency Suction Device for Combat Medics
Authors: Akhter Forhad , Schoppe Austin , Navarro Omar , Carroll Christopher , Jain Priya , Pescador Ricardo , Feng Yusheng , De Lorenzo Robert , Hood R. Lyle
Published: May 2019

Airway clearance is a foremost priority for combat medics dealing with battlefield trauma. This life saving intervention starts with inspection, clearing any obstructions from the airway, and if necessary, placement of an endotracheal tube to secure the airway. For inspecting and clearing the airway under complicated battlefield conditions, combat medics require a portable suction device that is compact, lightweight, rugged, and capable of rapidly evacuating a mix of liquid and solid particles, which may include bone fragments or broken teeth. While several portable suction devices are available on the market, none were developed specifically for the combat environment. Interviews with combat medics and other relevant personnel revealed that currently available systems are limited in utility to the point of often being intentionally omitted from their kits. In addition, these discussions identified several design specifications for a desired system, such as size (30 × 10 × 10 cm), weight (≤1 kg), fluid flowrate (1 L/min), and canister size (0.5–1 L), among others. This research focused on developing and characterizing a functional prototype within the specified design criteria. After designing and fabricating the device, evacuation of water, blood mimicking solution, and simulated vomitus solution were assessed. In addition, a comparative analysis was carried out between the five different commercially available suction catheters by assessing fluid flow rate and obstruction resistance. The results demonstrate the first proof-of-concept characterization for a novel combat-oriented suction system and provide a basis for comparing the performance of suction systems and catheters used in airway management.
A Device for Preloaded, Trifolded Grafts to Facilitate Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Chiang Eric , Chen Conan , Barnes Kali , Chaurasia Akash , Rosen Allison , Solar Steven , Wiener Batya , Cai Stephanie , Subramanya Anshul , Vora Parth , Durr Nicholas J. , Eghrari Allen O. , Allen Robert
Published: May 2019

Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) is the most efficacious partial endothelial keratoplasty, offering the highest likelihood of 20/20 vision and the shortest recovery times. However, current devices do not effectively address the difficult step of unrolling the corneal graft within the eye which is the greatest barrier to DMEK adoption. Here, we present the design, development, and testing of a novel device that simplifies and standardizes DMEK graft transplantation. The patent-pending cartridge facilitates the trifold technique, a graft preparation method that allows the graft to naturally unroll in the eye and reduces time-consuming manipulation steps required in alternative techniques. Injection molding was used to manufacture devices which were tested with research-grade corneal grafts. The cartridge's design allows it to fit into a typical corneoscleral incision, maintains trifolded grafts (p = 0.006), and reduces endothelial cell loss (ECL) (p = 0.049). These results demonstrate that the device introduced here is suitable for DMEK and may simplify this procedure for corneal surgeons.
Soft Tissue Anchoring Performance, Biomechanical Properties, and Tissue Reaction of a New Hernia Mesh Engineered to Address Hernia Occurrence and Recurrence
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamad M. , Green Jason L. , Everitt Jeffrey , Ruppert David , Glisson Richard , Leopardi Frank , Risoli Thomas , Kuchibhatla Maragatha , Reynolds Randall , Levinson Howard
Published: May 2019

One opportunity to reduce hernia occurrence and recurrence rates (currently estimated to be 30% at 10 years postoperatively) is by enhancing the ability of hernia meshes to anchor into tissue to prevent mesh migration, mesh contraction, and mesh tearing away from tissue. To address this, we developed a novel moderate-weight, macroporous, polypropylene mesh (termed the T-line mesh) with mesh extensions to optimize anchoring. We examined the physical properties, biomechanical performance, and biocompatibility of this novel mesh versus a predicate mesh anchored with #0-suture. The physical properties of the T-line mesh and predicate mesh were measured using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Meshes were implanted into a swine hernia model and harvested after one day to determine anchoring strength of the meshes in the perioperative period. A separate group was implanted into a swine hernia model and harvested at 30 days and 90 days for semiquantitative histological analysis of biocompatibility. T-line mesh physical properties were similar to commonly used moderate-weight meshes in thickness and areal density. The T-line mesh outperformed the predicate mesh in all mechanical testing (P < 0.05). In the perioperative period, the T-line mesh was ∼275% stronger (P < 0.001) than the standard of care. Histological analysis of biocompatibility demonstrated no significant difference between the T-line mesh and predicate mesh (P > 0.05). The T-line mesh is a novel hernia mesh that outperforms a predicate mesh in mechanical and biomechanical performance testing while exhibiting similar biocompatibility. The T-line mesh has the potential to reduce hernia occurrence and recurrence caused by mechanical failure.
Numerical Study of Laminar Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Inclined Trapezoidal Enclosure
Authors: Saha Sandip Kumar
Published: May 2019

In this paper, fluid flow pattern and heat transfer behavior are numerically studied in a trapezoidal enclosure inclined at different tilt angles. The enclosure has isothermally heated cylindrical inner wall and cooled cylindrical outer wall, whereas sidewalls have linearly varying temperature profile. The numerical analysis is performed at different Rayleigh numbers (103 ≤ Ra ≤106) and Prandtl numbers (0.71 ≤ Pr ≤ 40) assuming steady, incompressible, laminar, Newtonian, and two-dimensional flow. The angle between two nonparallel sidewalls is varied from 10 deg to 90 deg, while the tilt angle is varied from 5 deg to 175 deg. Governing equations along with the Poisson type equation for heatfunctions are solved to obtain fluid flow and direction of heat flow in the trapezoidal enclosure. At low Raleigh number, the isotherms are smooth, indicating the dominance of conduction heat transfer dominates. The streamlines, isotherms, and heatlines in high Prandtl number (Pr = 6.99 ad 40) fluids show a similar pattern as that in the air (Pr = 0.71) at Ra = 106; however, the strength of heatfunctions increases. With the increase in the aspect ratio of the enclosure, thermally stratified region is found to increase in size. Stronger convection is present in the enclosure with a higher angle between two nonparallel sidewalls.
A Correlation for Heat Transfer to Gas–Solid Suspensions Flowing in Pipes
Authors: Shah Mirza M.
Published: May 2019

Heat transfer to flowing gas–solid mixtures in pipes is required in many applications including chemical processing, pneumatic transport, and nuclear reactors but no well-verified method for predicting heat transfer is available. A new correlation is presented, which has been validated with a wide range of data that includes a variety of particles (minerals, metals) in several gases. Particle diameters range from 13 to 1130 µm, pipe diameters 5.1 to 77 mm, and the solids loading ratio of 0–520. Flow orientations include horizontal, vertical up, and vertical down. The new correlation has a mean absolute deviation (MAD) of 18.9% with 630 data points from 20 studies. The same data were also compared with six published correlations. Their MAD ranged from 35% to 57%. Hence, the new correlation is likely to help in more accurate design.
Metal-organic framework based on hinged cube tessellation as transformable mechanical metamaterial
Authors: Jin Eunji , Lee In Seong , Kim Dongwook , Lee Hosoowi , Jang Woo-Dong , Lah Myung Soo , Min Seung Kyu , Choe Wonyoung
Published: May 2019

A metal-organic framework based on porphyrin boxes exhibits metamaterial behavior.
On-Site Analysis of Bacterial Communities of the Ultraoligotrophic South Pacific Gyre
Authors: Reintjes Greta , Tegetmeyer Halina E. , Bürgisser Miriam , Orlić Sandi , Tews Ivo , Zubkov Mikhail , Voß Daniela , Zielinski Oliver , Quast Christian , Glöckner Frank Oliver , Amann Rudolf , Ferdelman Timothy G. , Fuchs Bernhard M.
Published: May 2019

The South Pacific Gyre, due to its vast size and remoteness, is one of the least-studied oceanic regions on earth. However, both remote sensing and
in situ
measurements indicated that the activity of its microbial community contributes significantly to global biogeochemical cycles. Presented here is an unparalleled investigation of the microbial community of the SPG from 20- to 5,000-m depths covering a geographic distance of ∼7,000 km. This insight was achieved through the development of a novel onboard analysis pipeline, which combines next-generation sequencing with fluorescence
in situ
hybridization and automated cell enumeration. The pipeline is well comparable to onshore systems based on the Illumina platforms and yields microbial community data in less than 35 h after sampling. Going forward, the ability to gain on-site knowledge of a remote microbial community will permit hypothesis-driven research, through the generation of novel scientific questions and subsequent additional targeted sampling efforts.
Effects of Sublethal Thymol, Carvacrol, and
trans
-Cinnamaldehyde Adaptation on Virulence Properties of
Escherichia coli
O157:H7
Authors: Yuan Wenqian , Yuk Hyun-Gyun
Published: May 2019

The present study was conducted to evaluate changes in virulence properties in
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 adapted to sublethal essential oils (EOs). The results demonstrated reduced motility, biofilm-forming ability, and efflux pump activities in EO-adapted
E. coli
O157:H7, with no induction of antibiotic resistance or infection (adhesion and invasion) on Caco-2 cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR results revealed changes in the expression of related virulence genes. Thus, the present study provides new insights into microbial virulence behavior following EO adaptation and suggests that Thy, Car, and TC sublethal exposure did not constitute a significant risk in inducing microbial virulence.
Rhodanese-Like Domain Protein UbaC and Its Role in Ubiquitin-Like Protein Modification and Sulfur Mobilization in Archaea
Authors: Hepowit Nathaniel L. , Maupin-Furlow Julie A.
Published: May 2019

Canonical E2 Ub/Ubl-conjugating enzymes are not conserved in the dual-function Ubl systems associated with protein modification and sulfur relay. Instead, the C-terminal RHDs of E1-RHD fusion proteins are the apparent E2 modules of these systems in eukaryotes. E1s that lack an RHD are common in archaea. Here we identified an RHD (UbaC) that serves as an apparent E2 analog with the E1-like UbaA in the dual-function Ubl sampylation system of archaea. Unlike the eukaryotic E1-RHD fusion, the archaeal RHD is a stand-alone protein. This new insight suggests that E1 function in Ubl pathways could be influenced by shifts in RHD abundance and/or competition with other protein partners in the cell.
From arc evolution to arc-continent collision: Late Cretaceous–middle Eocene geology of the Eastern Pontides, northeastern Turkey
Authors: Kandemir Özgür , Akbayram Kenan , Çobankaya Mehmet , Kanar Fatih , Pehlivan Şükrü , Tok Turgut , Hakyemez Aynur , Ekmekçi Erkan , Danacı Füsun , Temiz Uğur
Published: May 2019

The Eastern Pontide Arc, a major fossil submarine arc of the world, was formed by northward subduction of the northern Neo-Tethys lithosphere under the Eurasian margin. The arc’s volcano-sedimentary sequence and its cover contain abundant fossils. Our new systematical paleontological and structural data suggest the Late Cretaceous arc volcanism was initiated at early-middle Turonian and continued uninterruptedly until the end of the early Maastrichtian, in the northern part of the Eastern Pontides. We measured ∼5500-m-thick arc deposits, suggesting a deposition rate of ∼220 m Ma–1 in ∼25 m.y. We have also defined four different chemical volcanic episodes: (1) an early-middle Turonian–Santonian mafic-intermediate episode, (2) a Santonian acidic episode; when the main volcanic centers were formed as huge acidic domes-calderas comprising the volcanogenic massive sulfide ores, (3) a late Santonian–late Campanian mafic-intermediate episode, and (4) a late Campanian–early Maastrichtian acidic episode. The volcaniclastic rocks were deposited in a deepwater extensional basin until the late Campanian. Between late Campanian and early Maastrichtian, intra-arc extension resulted in opening of back-arc in the north, while the southern part of the arc remained active and uplifted. The back-arc basin was most probably connected to the Eastern Black Sea Basin. In the back-arc basin, early Maastrichtian volcano-sedimentary arc sequence was transitionally overlain by pelagic sediments until late Danian suggesting continuous deep-marine conditions. However, the subsidence of the uplifted-arc-region did not occur until late Maastrichtian. We have documented a Selandian–early Thanetian (57–60 Ma) regional hiatus defining the closure age of the İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Ocean along the Eastern Pontides. Between late Thanetian and late Lutetian synorogenic turbidites and postcollisional volcanics were deposited. The Eastern Pontide fold-and-thrust belt started to form at early Eocene (ca. 55 Ma) and thrusting continued in the post-Lutetian times.
An individualised, non-pharmacological treatment strategy associated with an improvement in neuropsychiatric symptoms in a man with dementia living at home
Authors: Carter Mark McLean , Wei Angelina , Li Xinlei
Published: May 2019

More than 90% of people with dementia experience neuropsychiatric symptoms which are often distressing and can result in early institutionalisation, diminished quality of life, increased frequency of emergency department visits along with stress and ill-health in caregivers. Non-pharmacological interventions are recommended as first-line treatment for neuropsychiatric symptoms, instead of medications such as atypical antipsychotics which have significant side effects. Most systematic reviews of non-pharmacological interventions for neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia focus on patients in long-term care facilities and there are a limited number of research studies assessing the use of non-pharmacological interventions for patient’s living at home. In this case report, we discuss an elderly man with dementia whose cognitive symptoms were accompanied by significant neuropsychiatric symptoms of suspicion, delusions, agitation and aggression. We describe how a programme of individualised, non-pharmacological interventions was associated with an improvement in neuropsychiatric symptoms within 3 months.