bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Licensing Contracts: Control Rights, Options, and Timing
Authors: Crama Pascale , De Reyck Bert , Taneri Niyazi
Published: March 2016

Research and development (R&D) collaborations, common in high-tech industries, are challenging to manage because of technical and market risks as well as incentive problems. We investigate how control rights, options, payment terms, and timing allow the innovator to capture maximum value from its R&D collaborations with a marketer. Our study reveals a counterintuitive result; the innovator may, under certain conditions, prefer to grant launch control rights or buyout options to the marketer despite the fact that both terms restrict its downstream actions. We demonstrate that a menu of contracts is not necessary to address the adverse selection problem because the menu can be replicated by a single option contract. We show that timing, through renegotiation or delayed contracting, as well as the careful allocation of control rights and options can have a significant influence on the value of collaborative R&D. We provide recommendations on the optimal contract structure and timing based on two project characteristics, novelty of the R&D process and market-potential variability.

This paper was accepted by David Hsu, entrepreneurship and innovation.
ECG of the month
Authors: Regan Martin
Published: March 2016

Martin Regan presents two ECGs for you to analyse
Waist circumference in coronary heart disease versus type-two diabetes
Authors: Shi Wendan , Neubeck Lis , Gallagher Robyn
Published: March 2016

Obesity-related chronic illness is an international health issue. Waist circumference can assess central adiposity, which is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and type two diabetes mellitus.

Aim:

This study evaluates the effectiveness of waist circumference in comparison to body mass index as measured at different locations in adults with cardiovascular disease or type two diabetes mellitus, and responsiveness of these measures to weight change.

Results:

All measures were significantly correlated with body mass index (r>0.80), with the strongest correlations measured at midline between lowest rib and top of iliac crest in females (r=0.89), and measured at widest level for males (r=0.83). All sites were accurate in detecting high cardiovascular disease risk (AUC>0.80). The site most responsive to weight change was at midline in females and at narrowest level in males.

Conclusion:

A general protocol for waist circumference should be established for assessing visceral fat, predicting cardiovascular disease risks and monitoring weight change.
Changing face of the Rapid Access Chest Pain Clinic
Authors: Gaunt Helen
Published: March 2016

Healthcare costs and challenges to the public and to the NHS are ongoing. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is known to affect up to 2 million people per year in the UK ( Patterson et al, 2015 ). Earlier detection via Rapid Access Chest Pain Clinics (RACPCs) and improved treatment options are helping patients to live longer. Over recent years, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has released guidelines regarding the assessment and management of chest pain ( NICE, 2010 ) This article aims explores the guidelines, and examines the author's chest pain clinic and assessment of its patients, alongside the best possible way forward in light of current guidelines. This highlights a possible conflict—does the author's Trust continue what they are doing or change a proven successful service because of what is recommended in the guidelines? The most common symptom experienced by individuals with CHD is chest pain which is believed to account for up to 700 000 admissions to emergency departments (ED) annually in England and Wales alone; however, most most of these are non-cardiac ( Patterson et al, 2015 ). This represents heavy fiscal costs to the NHS in nursing and medical time ( Goodacre et al, 2005 ).
Discharging a duty of care
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: March 2016

The Courts have long established that nurses owe a duty of care to their patients ( Kent v. Griffiths [2001] ). The introduction of the Human Rights Act 1998 gave rise to a positive obligation on government to ensure that laws, policies and checking procedures were in place to protect violations of human rights. Nurses must now inform their practice with relevant statute law, common law and professional standards in order to properly discharge their duty of care. In this article Richard Griffith considers the law that now underpins a nurse's duty of care and uses a recent report from the Health Service Ombudsman for England to illustrate the obligations that now underpin the nurse-patient relationship
Informatics in medical imaging: Making the picture clearer
Authors: Reilly Andrew J
Published: March 2016

This article provides a brief overview of the use of informatics in medical imaging and radiology. It outlines the use of modern radiology computing systems, the benefits of electronic workflow management, and how the role of the radiologist has been transformed by the implementation of these technologies. The benefits and challenges of data sharing are discussed.
Quality of life of people wounded in the Gaza war
Authors: Abu-El-Noor Mysoon K , Abu-El-Noor Nasser I , Eljedi Ashraf Y
Published: March 2016

In the last eight years, there have been three wars between Israel and the Gaza Strip. The last war (2014) continued for 51 days and left 2191 dead and 10 895 wounded. This study aimed to assess quality of life (QOL) of people wounded in the 2014 war in Gaza strip. A cross sectional, descriptive design was used in this study. QOL was assessed by World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. Three-hundred-and-hour patients participated in this study. The means for items of the WHOQOL-PREF ranged between 1.08 and 2.44 and the means of 18 items below two. Mean scores for the main domains of QOL were very low with an overall QOL score of 3.94 (maximum 8). Several variables such as age and need for hospitalization impacted the level of QOL of participants. The 2014 war left many people injured. The scores of their QOL were very low in all domains of QOL. These results should call the attention of health and public policy makers to take prompt actions to improve QOL of this group of people.
Everyday mindfulness: A review of recent publications
Authors: Koch Hugh
Published: March 2016

The background and techniques of mindfulness are discussed, in the context of four recently published books on the topic. The opportunity of incorporating mindfulness into our everyday life is emphasised and described.
On-Site Energy Consumption and Selected Emissions at Softwood Sawmills in the Southwestern United States
Authors: Loeffler Dan , Anderson Nathaniel , Morgan Todd A. , Sorenson Colin B.
Published: March 2016

Presently there is a lack of information describing US southwestern energy consumption and emissions generated from the sawmilling industry. This article uses a mail survey of softwood sawmills in the states of Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico to develop a profile of on-site energy consumption and selected emissions for the industry. Energy consumption is categorized by fuel type on a production basis for both renewable and nonrenewable sources for production year 2012. Selected emissions from on-site energy consumption were also estimated for respondent sawmills. Survey respondents represented 35 percent of total softwood lumber production of 169.2 million board feet. Total annual on-site sawmill energy required was 64.8 billion British thermal units. Sixty-one percent was derived from diesel fuel, primarily for on-site rolling stock; 35 percent was from electricity; 3 percent was from gasoline used for on-site rolling stock; and the remainder was from propane and wood. Energy produced from nonrenewable sources accounted for 94 percent of total on-site energy consumption. Off-site electricity generation for consumption at sawmills comprise the majority of all emissions in this analysis: 62 percent of CO2, 99 percent of CH4, 94 percent of NOX, 99 percent of SOX, and 99 percent of particulate matter ≤ 10 μm (PM10). Diesel fuel, which supplies the majority of on-site energy, comprises 36 percent CO2, 0 percent CH4, 5 percent NOX, 0.4 percent SOX, and 1.1 percent of PM10.
Atorvastatin-Induced Fixed Drug Eruption Clopidogrel-Induced Acute Hepatitis Bilateral Angle-Closure Glaucoma Induced by Chlorthalidone Risk of Anaphylactic Reactions with Intravenous Iron Products Zonisamide-Induced DRESS with Eosinophilic Pneumonia
Authors: Mancano Michael A.
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) MedWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting, preventable ADR to MedWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers. Your report will be published anonymously unless otherwise requested. This feature is provided by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) in cooperation with the FDA's MedWatch program and Temple University School of Pharmacy. ISMP is an FDA MedWatch partner.
Cobimetinib and Irinotecan Liposome
Authors: Pickren Elizabeth B. , Waddell J. Aubrey , Solimando Dominic A.
Published: March 2016

The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
Summaries of Safety Labeling Changes Approved by the FDA: Boxed Warnings Highlights
Authors: Rubio Teresa
Published: March 2016

As part of the US Food and Drug Administration's MedWatch program, safety labeling changes are reviewed and compiled monthly for drugs and therapeutic biologics where important changes have been made to the safety information. Boxed warnings ( http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm075096.pdf ) are ordinarily used to highlight either adverse reactions so serious in proportion to the potential benefit from the drug that it is essential that it be considered in assessing the risks and benefits of using the drugs or serious adverse reactions that can be prevented/reduced in frequency or severity by appropriate use of the drug; or FDA approved the drug with restrictions to ensure safe use because FDA concluded that the drug can be safely used only if distribution or use is restricted. There was 1 revised boxed warning from October to December 2015.
Evaluating the Implementation of Health Checks for Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Primary Care: The Importance of Organizational Context
Authors: Durbin Janet , Selick Avra , Casson Ian , Green Laurie , Spassiani Natasha , Perry Andrea , Lunsky Yona
Published: March 2016

Compared to other adults, those with intellectual and developmental disabilities have more health issues, yet are less likely to receive preventative care. One strategy that has shown success in increasing prevention activities and early detection of illness is the periodic comprehensive health assessment (the health check). Effectively moving evidence into practice is a complex process that often receives inadequate attention. This qualitative study evaluates the implementation of the health check at two primary-care clinics in Ontario, Canada, and the influence of the clinic context on implementation decisions. Each clinic implemented the same core components; however, due to contextual differences, some components were operationalized differently. Adapting to the setting context is important to ensuring successful and sustainable implementation.
Perceptions of Health and Healthcare of People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Medicaid Managed Care
Authors: Gibbons Hailee M. , Owen Randall , Heller Tamar
Published: March 2016

This study examined perceptions of health and healthcare of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) receiving Medicaid Managed Care. Exploratory, semistructured interviews were conducted with 23 participants. Findings indicate that participants generally expressed being in good health and defined good health as (a) absence of pain, disease, and symptoms; (b) adherence to or not requiring treatment; (c) physical self-care; (d) mental or spiritual self-care; and (e) ability to perform the activities one wants to do. Participants conceptualized healthcare as (a) ensuring needs are met through access to services, (b) obtaining quality services, (c) navigating the healthcare system successfully, and (d) receiving humanizing healthcare. This study has implications for improving healthcare and communications between people with IDD and healthcare providers.
Chancen und Risiken von Big Data
Authors: Wagner Lucas , Hamann Caroline
Published: March 2016

Die Digitalisierung kann unterschiedliche Auswirkungen auf nachhaltige Entwicklungspfade haben. Mit den vielfältigen Chancen von Digitalisierung und Datenrevolution gehen aber auch erhebliche Risiken einher.
Unterschätzter Nachhaltigkeitstransformator von Märkten und Regionen
Authors: Schaltegger Stefan , Hansen Erik G. , Lüdeke-Freund Florian
Published: March 2016

Die Erwartungen an nachhaltiges Unternehmertum sind groß. Es soll Bestehendes kreativ zerstören, indem nachhaltig Neues gestaltet und auf dem Markt durchgesetzt wird. Nachhaltigkeitstransformationen bedeuten Risiken für viele bisherige Geschäftsbereiche, aber auch Chancen für nachhaltige Unternehmer.
Management als Beziehungsthema
Authors: Mende-Kremnitzer Robert
Published: March 2016

Unternehmensführung fokussiert im liberalen ökonomischen Umfeld zumeist auf den Selbstzweck des Unternehmens, statt ihre Versorgungsaufgabe in den Mittelpunkt zu stellen. Beziehungen zum Staat, zur Gesellschaft, zu den Mitarbeitern, ja sogar jene zum Kunden werden nur als Druck wahrgenommen, um die Beziehung zu den Kapitalgebern zu verbessern.
Innovationspolitik und Umwelt
Authors: Jakob Klaus
Published: March 2016

Klassische Innovationspolitik ist darauf orientiert, durch die Förderung technischer Neuerungen wirtschaftliches Wachstum zu stimulieren. Umweltaspekte sind in dieser Perspektive allenfalls zweitrangig. Doch mit einer Fokussierung auf Umweltinnovationen ist aus gesamtgesellschaftlicher Perspektive ein vergleichsweise hoher Nutzen zu erwarten.
Ein neues Konzept zur Bewertung von nachhaltigem Zugang zu Wasser
Authors: Gawel Erik , Bretschneider Wolfgang
Published: March 2016

Auch nach der Anerkennung eines Rechts auf Wasser durch die UN- Generalversammlung im Jahr 2010 steht ein Durchbruch bei dessenUmsetzung immer noch aus. Dazu fehlen bisher nicht zuletzt ein klares Begriffskonzept und Prüfsteine, wann das Recht auf Wasser erfüllt sein soll. Der Beitrag entwirft auf institutionenökonomischer Grundlage ein neues, nachhaltigkeitsorientiertes Bewertungssystem für den Zugang zu Wasser.
The sharing economy
Authors: Gossen Maike , Scholl Gerd
Published: March 2016

In the so-called sharing economy items are shared, borrowed, exchanged or passed on after use. Scientifically based findings about the usersof consumption and business models of this kind are rare. The aim of this article is to add to the available knowledge about the relevance and scope of the sharing economy in Germany.
Comparison between the (G’/G) - expansion method and the modified extended tanh method
Authors: Akçaği Şamil , Aydemir Tuğba
Published: March 2016

In this paper, firstly, we give a connection between well known and commonly used methods called the

(

G
'

G

)

$\left( {{{G'} \over G}} \right)$

-expansion method and the modified extended tanh method which are often used for finding exact solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs). We demonstrate that giving a convenient transformation and formula, all of the solutions obtained by using the

(

G
'

G

)

$\left( {{{G'} \over G}} \right)$

- expansion method can be converted the solutions obtained by using the modified extended tanh method. Secondly, contrary to the assertion in some papers, the

(

G
'

G

)

$\left( {{{G'} \over G}} \right)$

-expansion method gives neither all of the solutions obtained by using the other method nor new solutions for NPDEs. Namely, while the modified extended tanh method gives more solutions in a straightforward, concise and elegant manner without reproducing a lot of different forms of the same solution. On the other hand, the

(

G
'

G

)

$\left( {{{G'} \over G}} \right)$

-expansion method provides less solutions in a rather cumbersome form. Lastly, we obtain new exact solutions for the Lonngren wave equation as an illustrative example by using these methods.
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to STAR mutations in a Caucasian patient
Authors: Kaur Jasmeet , Casas Luis , Bose Himangshu S
Published: March 2016

Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia (lipoid CAH), the most severe form of CAH, is most commonly caused by mutations in steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), which is required for the movement of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membranes to synthesize pregnenolone. This study was performed to evaluate whether the salt-losing crisis and the adrenal inactivity experienced by a Scandinavian infant is due to a de novo STAR mutation. The study was conducted at the University of North Dakota, the Mercer University School of Medicine and the Memorial University Medical Center to identify the cause of this disease. The patient was admitted to a pediatric endocrinologist at the Sanford Health Center for salt-losing crisis and possible adrenal failure. Lipoid CAH is an autosomal recessive disease, we identified two de novo heterozygous mutations (STAR c.444C>A (STAR p.N148K) and STAR c.557C>T (STAR p.R193X)) in the STAR gene, causing lipoid CAH. New onset lipoid CAH can occur through de novo mutations and is not restricted to any specific region of the world. This Scandinavian family was of Norwegian descent and had lipoid CAH due to a mutation in S
TAR exons 4 and 5. Overexpression of the STAR p.N148K mutant in nonsteroidogenic COS-1 cells supplemented with an electron transport system showed activity similar to the background level, which was ∼10% of that observed with wild-type (WT) STAR. Protein-folding analysis showed that the finger printing of the STAR p.N148K mutant is also different from the WT protein. Inherited STAR mutations may be more prevalent in some geographical areas but not necessarily restricted to those regions.

Learning points

STAR mutations cause lipoid CAH.

This is a pure population from a caucasian family.

Mutation ablated STAR activity.

The mutation resulted in loosely folded conformation of STAR.
Normal gonadotropin production and fertility in gonadotrope-specific Bmpr1a knockout mice
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Wang Ying , Ongaro Luisina , Boehm Ulrich , Kaartinen Vesa , Mishina Yuji , Bernard Daniel J
Published: March 2016

Pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis is regulated by transforming growth factorβsuperfamily ligands, most notably the activins and inhibins. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) also regulate FSHβ subunit (Fshb) expression in immortalized murine gonadotrope-like LβT2 cells and in primary murine or ovine primary pituitary cultures. BMP2 signals preferentially via the BMP type I receptor, BMPR1A, to stimulate murineFshbtranscriptionin vitro. Here, we used a Cre–lox approach to assess BMPR1A’s role in FSH synthesis in micein vivo. Gonadotrope-specificBmpr1aknockout animals developed normally and had reproductive organ weights comparable with those of controls. Knockouts were fertile, with normal serum gonadotropins and pituitary gonadotropin subunit mRNA expression. Cre-mediated recombination of the floxedBmpr1aallele was efficient and specific, as indicated by PCR analysis of diverse tissues and isolated gonadotrope cells. Furthermore, BMP2 stimulation of inhibitor of DNA binding 3 expression was impaired in gonadotropes isolated fromBmpr1aknockout mice, confirming the loss of functional receptor protein in these cells. Treatment of purified gonadotropes with small-molecule inhibitors of BMPR1A (and the related receptors BMPR1B and ACVR1) suppressedFshbmRNA expression, suggesting that an autocrine BMP-like molecule might regulate FSH synthesis. However, deletion ofBmpr1aandAcvr1in cultured pituitary cells did not alterFshbexpression, indicating that the inhibitors had off-target effects. In sum, BMPs or related ligands acting via BMPR1A or ACVR1 are unlikely to play direct physiological roles in FSH synthesis by murine gonadotrope cells.
Chemotropism and Cell Fusion in Neurospora crassa Relies on the Formation of Distinct Protein Complexes by HAM-5 and a Novel Protein HAM-14
Authors: Jonkers Wilfried , Fischer Monika S , Do Hung P , Starr Trevor L , Glass N Louise
Published: March 2016

In filamentous fungi, communication is essential for the formation of an interconnected, multinucleate, syncytial network, which is constructed via hyphal fusion or fusion of germinated asexual spores (germlings). Anastomosis in filamentous fungi is comparable to other somatic cell fusion events resulting in syncytia, including myoblast fusion during muscle differentiation, macrophage fusion, and fusion of trophoblasts during placental development. In Neurospora crassa, fusion of genetically identical germlings is a highly dynamic and regulated process that requires components of a MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. The kinase pathway components (NRC-1, MEK-2 and MAK-2) and the scaffold protein HAM-5 are recruited to hyphae and germling tips undergoing chemotropic interactions. The MAK-2/HAM-5 protein complex shows dynamic oscillation to hyphae/germling tips during chemotropic interactions, and which is out-of-phase to the dynamic localization of SOFT, which is a scaffold protein for components of the cell wall integrity MAP kinase pathway. In this study, we functionally characterize HAM-5 by generating ham-5 truncation constructs and show that the N-terminal half of HAM-5 was essential for function. This region is required for MAK-2 and MEK-2 interaction and for correct cellular localization of HAM-5 to “fusion puncta.” The localization of HAM-5 to puncta was not perturbed in 21 different fusion mutants, nor did these puncta colocalize with components of the secretory pathway. We also identified HAM-14 as a novel member of the HAM-5/MAK-2 pathway by mining MAK-2 phosphoproteomics data. HAM-14 was essential for germling fusion, but not for hyphal fusion. Colocalization and coimmunoprecipitation data indicate that HAM-14 interacts with MAK-2 and MEK-2 and may be involved in recruiting MAK-2 (and MEK-2) to complexes containing HAM-5.
Transcript Isoform Variation Associated with Cytosine Modification in Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2016

Cytosine modification on DNA is variable among individuals, which could correlate with gene expression variation. The effect of cytosine modification on interindividual transcript isoform variation (TIV), however, remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the extent of cytosine modification-specific TIV in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from unrelated individuals of European and African descent. Our study detected cytosine modification-specific TIVs for 17% of the analyzed genes at a 5% false discovery rate. Forty-five percent of the TIV-associated cytosine modifications correlated with the overall gene expression levels as well, with the corresponding CpG sites overrepresented in transcript initiation sites, transcription factor binding sites, and distinct histone modification peaks, suggesting that alternative isoform transcription underlies the TIVs. Our analysis also revealed 33% of the TIV-associated cytosine modifications that affected specific exons, with the corresponding CpG sites overrepresented in exon/intron junctions, splicing branching points, and transcript termination sites, implying that the TIVs are attributable to alternative splicing or transcription termination. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of TIV shared target preference but exerted independent effects on 61% of the common exon targets. Cytosine modification-specific TIVs detected from LCLs were differentially enriched in those detected from various tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas, indicating their developmental dependency. Genes containing cytosine modification-specific TIVs were enriched in pathways of cancers and metabolic disorders. Our study demonstrated a prominent effect of cytosine modification variation on the transcript isoform spectrum over gross transcript abundance and revealed epigenetic contributions to diseases that were mediated through cytosine modification-specific TIV.
Nanotubos de carbono en la terapia fototérmica contra el cáncer
Authors: Castillo John
Published: March 2016

La preparación de nuevos nanomateriales ha permitido ampliar el rango de aplicaciones en las ciencias biomédicas. Dentrode este grupo se destacan los nanotubos de carbono los cuales son estructuras cilíndricas de tamaño nanométrico cuyaspropiedades fisicoquímicas los han convertido en herramientas importantes en la terapia contra el cáncer. Su aplicación incluyela entrega selectiva de fármacos y la terapia fototérmica. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar el estado del arte de estudiosrecientes dirigidos a la destrucción selectiva de células cancerígenas por medio de la terapia fototérmica mediante la activaciónde nanotubos de carbono con luz del infrarrojo cercano u ondas de radiofrecuencia. Esta revisión además aportará informaciónrelevante para la utilización de nuevas alternativas en la terapia contra otras enfermedades diferentes al cáncer mediante el empleode nanotubos de carbono irradiados e irradiados con radiaciones inocuas para el cuerpo humano.
Caracterización e implementación de un método fisicoquímico para el tratamiento del lixiviado proveniente del relleno sanitario el carrasco
Authors: Guarín Villamizar Oscar Dario , Gómez Plata Sandra Milena
Published: March 2016

El relleno sanitario el Carrasco está ubicado al nororiente de Colombia en el municipio de Bucaramanga; el lixiviado que segenera por la degradación de las basuras provenientes de este municipio y su zona metropolitana lleva una gran contaminación ala quebrada “La Iglesia” ubicada a pocos metros de este relleno al igual que a los recursos hídricos subterráneos que circundan elrelleno. Es imprescindible la creación de un tratamiento inmediato del lixiviado usando reactivos y tecnología accesible para nuestraregión ya que este problema representa un impacto ambiental muy grave. Este trabajo presenta una alternativa viable por su bajocosto y alta eficiencia planteando un tratamiento físico-químico para el lixiviado proveniente del sitio de disposición final de residuossólidos Los resultados a escala de laboratorio muestran que es posible mitigar el impacto ambiental negativo de este líquido percoladopara los recursos hídricos cercanos.
Evaluación a nivel de laboratorio del efecto de 7 extractos vegetales para el control de Colletotrichum sp agente causal de la antracnosis en el cultivo de tomate de árbol
Authors: Chacin Zambrano Christian , Blanco Medina Mary Lady , Sánchez González Sonia Cecilia , Acevedo Isidro Carlos
Published: March 2016

Se evaluó a nivel de laboratorio el efecto de 7 extractos vegetales de hojas y frutos Neem (Azadirachta indica), hojas delimoncillo (Swinglea glutinosa), hojas de papaya (Carica papaya), hojas de pringamosa (Urtica dioica), hojas de eucalipto(Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn), frutos de ajo (Allium sativum L.) y frutos de ají (Capsicum annuum), en el control del hongoColletotrichum sp agente causal de la antracnosis en el cultivo del tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea). El patógeno fueaislado en medio PDA a partir de frutos de tomate de árbol, los extractos se obtuvieron mediante el picado y el licuado delmaterial vegetal, se depositaron en baldes plásticos, se les agrego agua en proporción 2.5:1 (agua: muestra procesada, vol.:peso), se sometieron a fermentación por 24 horas. El producto se filtró utilizando gasa esterilizada y se envasaron para suposterior evaluación. Las concentraciones de los tratamientos que se trabajaron fueron de 25, 50, 75 y 100% sobre el agenteinfeccioso, determinando el grado de inhibición del patógeno en las cajas de Petri. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con laaplicación de las hojas de eucalipto, ya que su efecto fue del 100 % en todas las concentraciones, sin dejar de lado los frutosdel Neem y del ajo con porcentajes de inhibición del 75 y 60 % respectivamente, presentaron un comportamiento directamenteproporcional a las concentraciones utilizadas, ya que a mayor cantidad de extracto el efecto inhibitorio fue mejor en este casoa 75% y 100%.
Ensayos preliminares in vitro de biosorción de cadmio por cepas fúngicas nativas de suelos contaminados
Authors: Guerra Beatriz Elena , Sandoval Meza Adriana Ximena , Manrique González Luigi Sebastián , Barrera Rangel Sandra Patricia
Published: March 2016

Introducción: Los metales pesados como el cadmio (Cd), no pueden ser degradados por métodos químicos o biológicos, y tienden a bioacumularse y a biomagnificarse; constituyen un grave problema en la cadena trófica, provocan diversos efectos tóxicos, en todos los organismos vivos. En humanos, se considera que la fuente directa de adquisición de Cd, proviene de alimentos cosechados en suelos contaminados por metales pesados. En suelos agrícolas, la presencia de altos niveles de Cd constituye un problema ambiental, debido a que el Cd es móvil y las plantas lo absorben fácilmente, como sucede en el cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao). Aprovechando el potencial que tienen los hongos de adaptarse y crecer en suelos contaminados, y su capacidad de biosorción de metales pesados, se propuso una metodología para iniciar una serie de ensayos in vitro, con el objetivo de seleccionar cepas fúngicas tolerantes, a concentraciones crecientes de Cd, en medios de cultivo líquido. Los ensayos se realizaron en el Laboratorio de investigación en Biotecnología Agroambiental (LIIBAAM) de la Universidad de Santander, se presentan los resultados preliminares. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un muestreo totalmente al azar en suelos contaminados por metales pesados de la región minera del municipio de California y suelos agrícolas de la región cacaotera de los municipios: El Carmen y San Vicente de Chucuri (Santander del Sur-Colombia). Se analizaron en total, 45 muestras compuestas de las tres regiones de estudio para el aislamiento fúngico. Resultados: Los géneros Aspergillus y Trichoderma, presentan altos porcentajes de biososrción de Cd, 98,6 % y 96% respectivamente en medios de cultivo líquidos. Conclusiones: La metodología ensayada fue eficiente para preseleccionar in vitro cepas fúngicas con alta capacidad de biosorción de Cd en su biomasa.
Análisis de rugosidad y determinación de los desplazamientos en aleaciones de níquel-titanio mediante microscopia de fuerza atómica.
Authors: Mendoza Carreño Edwin Fernando , Plata Gómez Arturo
Published: March 2016

Introducción: En este trabajo de investigación se analiza una aleación de Níquel (Ni) y Titanio (Ti). Este tipo de materiales poseen la propiedad Física de memoria de forma; la cual consiste en aplicarle una deformación inicial al material, este puede volver a su estado original aplicándole un estímulo externo (temperatura o fuerza). Materiales y métodos: Mediante la utilización de un Microscopio de Fuerza Atómica (AFM). Basados en la información suministrada por el AFM se obtuvieron datos de los desplazamientos que sufre el material utilizando regiones de muestreo de 1 x 1 micras. También, se realizó un análisis de la rugosidad del material, teniendo en cuenta la variación de la topografía a medida que se comprime la muestra. Resultados y Discusión: La transición en los materiales ocurre al pasar de una fase austenita a una fase martensitica cuando el material es sometido a una compresión siendo un estado final de la transformación más estable. Conclusiones: Cuando el AFM se emplea en modo de contacto permite observar como varía la topografía de la muestra lo cual determina el comportamiento de la rugosidad, evidenciada en una disminución del material a medida que se comprime y en el modo de contacto con fuerza lateral. Con el primero se logró observar la forma como rotan las partículas agrupadas en la superficie, cuando se le aplica una fuerza externa.
Catastrofes naturales, respuesta a la falta de solidaridad de la especie
Authors: Quiroga Flórez Sergio Daniel
Published: March 2016

El presente artículo pretende dar una mirada de alerta a la ausencia de solidaridad entre las especies por la coexistencia a partir de la física cuántica y la química orgánica. Todos miramos un mundo desde perspectivas muy distintas: Cultura, raza, familia, género entre otros, pero en definitiva la visión de preservación de las especies debe ser uno desde la lógica natural y es allí donde cobra sentido la presente reflexión sobre la vida y algunas variables.Así mismo encontrará unas declaratorias que permitirán tomar partido y decisiones en favor de nuestra supervivencia: Una transformación de la cosmovisión actual creacionista por una cosmovisión sostenible basada en juicios de valor; una declaratoria por el valor de la cooperación y finalmente lo que implica vivir en paz con lo otro.
Die Rolle der Ernährung in der Kleintierpraxis
Authors: Schmidt Stefanie , Hänse Maria , Coenen Manfred , Siebert Diana
Published: March 2016

Gegenstand und Ziel: Gewinn epidemiologischer Daten über die Bedeutsamkeit der Ernährung in der Kleintierpraxis und den Kenntnisstand praktischer Tierärzte. Material und Methoden: 707 Tierärzte wurden anhand eines standardisierten Online-Fragebogens befragt. Die Befragung gliederte sich in drei Abschnitte und umfasste die Themengebiete der Person und des Arbeitsumfeldes, den Weiterbildungsund Kenntnisstand der Tierärzte auf dem Gebiet der Kleintierernährung sowie deren Stellenwert in ihrer Praxis. Ergebnisse: Der überwiegende Teil der Befragten (91,3%) arbeitete in einer Praxis, in der maximal vier Tierärzte beschäftigt sind. Dabei behandelte die Mehrzahl der Tierärzte (89,3%) täglich bis zu 50 Patienten. Auf einer Skala von 1–5 bewerteten die Tierärzte ihr eigenes Wissen im Durchschnitt mit dem Wert 2,59 (± 0,798). Der Stellenwert der Ernährungsberatung in der Kleintierpraxis wurde mit 2,02 (± 0,818) als grundsätzlich wichtig eingestuft. 37,3% der Tierärzte führten entsprechend in mindestens der Hälfte der in ihrer Praxis vorgestellten Fälle eine Ernährungsberatung durch, wobei die Art der Ernährungsberatung sehr unterschiedlich gehandhabt wurde. Als Begründung für eine nicht durch - geführte Ernährungsberatung trotz bestehender Indikation gaben die meisten Tierärzte den Zeitaufwand (37,1%) und die geringe Zahlungsbereitschaft der Kunden (34,6%) an. Um die eigenen Fachkenntnisse zu erweitern, wünschten sich die meisten Tierärzte mehr Fortbildungen im Bereich der Tierernährung. Schlussfolgerung: Die tierärztliche Ernährungsberatung wird in der täglichen Praxis als wichtig empfunden, es besteht jedoch allgemein der Wunsch, sich auf diesem Gebiet häufiger fortzubilden. Klinische Relevanz: Obwohl die Ernährungsberatung eine große Rolle spielt, führt nur ein Teil der Tierärzte sie regelmäßig durch. Insbesondere in Fällen, in denen eine Indikation besteht, sollte immer eine Ernährungsberatung vorgenommen werden, um den maximalen Behandlungserfolg sicherzustellen.
Sex Differences of Spectral Characteristics of Baseline EEG in Primary School-Aged Children
Authors: Gribanov A. V. , Dzhos Y. S.
Published: March 2016

The formation of brain bioelectrical activity occurs differently in girls and boys. The results of primary investigations show gender differences of functional brain organization in adolescents and adults. However, there is an opinion on the lack of gender distinctions in children before puberty. Objective: to define features of brain bioelectrical activity in primary school-aged children depending on a gender. Methods: on the basis of parental consent 200 7−9 aged right-handed schoolchildren took part in research (2012−2014). All children were divided into groups depending on biological age and gender. The monopolar electroencephalogram was registered according to 16 standard leads. Changes of the maximal amplitude, full power, the dominant frequency and the index of the main rhythms power of the electroencephalogram were assessed. Results: Prevalence of slow wave delta and theta activity in boys of 7 and 10 years, and also activities of theta range in 9-aged girls were revealed. The increase of the dominant alpha range frequency in 7-aged girls in occipital (p≤0,016) and temporal (p≤0,045) brain regions, and rising of full power of this rhythm in 8 aged girls in the left hemisphere (p≤0,023) while in 9-year aged girls ― in the right hemisphere (p≤0,040) were proved. At the age of 10 years full power of alpha range has the largest values in boys (p≤0,038). Among high-frequency components the predominance of the index beta-ranges in girls of 7 and 10 years were revealed. The increase in amplitude fluctuations in beta1-range mainly in the sensorimotor brain areas was typical for 7 aged boys. Conclusion: The revealed gender distinctions of the electroencephalogram testify to a larger maturity of the central nervous system in girls comparing with boys. It is shown that the age of 9 years is the active period of the cerebral cortex frontal lobes formation in girls.
Fundamental Sciences and Fundamental Medicine
Authors: Zueva M. V.
Published: March 2016

An analytic paper discusses current understanding of the status and the role of fundamental and applied research and specifically of medical science for the socio-economic development of society. The related concept of scientific development is presented; classification and definitions used by UNESCO and other international and national organizations of different countries including the Russian Federation are given. The unique role of medicine science that is mostly related to the category of strategic basic research and is aimed at understanding the fundamental basis of applied ultimate goal is debated. Research is now recognized as a major component of innovation and the key to the development of modern society. Attention is drawn to the fact that future breakthrough technologies grow from today’s innovative ideas and achievements of fundamental and applied sciences. The fact that the funding of applied research provides tangible benefits in the short term is determined to be significant. At the same time sustainable public investment in basic research (seemed to be unprofitable) is a crucial factor for the socio-economic development of any country and a reasonable measure in the long term.
Jeune Syndrome: Case Series Report
Authors: Ovsyannikov D. Yu. , Stepanova E. V. , Belyashova M. A. , Degtyareva E. A.
Published: March 2016

Jeune syndrome (synonym: asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy) is a rare genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disease, characterized by the development of generalized osteochondrodysplasia, anomalies of skeletal system with multi-organ involvement. This syndrome is based on mutations of the IFT80, DYNC2H1, WDR19, TTC21B genes localized in the locus of chromosomes 3q25.33, 11q22.3, 4p14, 2q24.3 respectively and mutation in the locus of chromosome 15q13 too. These genes play an important role in functioning of cilia in the mammalian body. These organelles participate in the development of the skeletal and hepatobiliary system, nephrons, retina, and other structures of the body. Thurs Jeune syndrome belongs to the ciliopathies. The article presents modern literature findings on genetics, pathogenesis, its clinical, X-ray presentations and CT patterns, diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease. The article also presents the first Russian case series including 7 patients with this disease. Combinations of such symptoms as narrow bell-shaped thorax, variable limb shortness, respiratory failure, including oxygen dependence, recurrent respiratory infections, and motor development delay in observed patients helped to diagnose Jeune syndrome in all cases.
Current concepts in the treatment of hereditary ataxias
Authors: Braga Neto Pedro , Pedroso José Luiz , Kuo Sheng-Han , Marcondes Junior C. França , Teive Hélio Afonso Ghizoni , Barsottini Orlando Graziani Povoas
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT Hereditary ataxias (HA) represents an extensive group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by progressive ataxia combined with extra-cerebellar and multi-systemic involvements, including peripheral neuropathy, pyramidal signs, movement disorders, seizures, and cognitive dysfunction. There is no effective treatment for HA, and management remains supportive and symptomatic. In this review, we will focus on the symptomatic treatment of the main autosomal recessive ataxias, autosomal dominant ataxias, X-linked cerebellar ataxias and mitochondrial ataxias. We describe management for different clinical symptoms, mechanism-based approaches, rehabilitation therapy, disease modifying therapy, future clinical trials and perspectives, genetic counseling and preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
Phosphorus on performance, hematological, biochemical, and bone parameters of growing pigs
Authors: Drews Jana Euclydes , Haese Douglas , Kill João Luís , Lorenzoni Lucas Lemke , Pimentel Rafael Bozini , Molino Juliano Pelição , Saraiva Alysson , Possatti Carolina D'Ávila
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of available phosphorus (AP) in the diet of growing pigs selected for lean deposition on the hematological, biochemical, and bone performance parameters. A total of 64 commercial hybrid pigs (32 castrated males and 32 females; mean initial weight: 23.31±2.4kg; age: 55-90 days) were used. Animals were distributed into a randomized block design with four treatments, eight replicates, and two animals (one male and one female) per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet and another three diets, which were obtained by supplementing the basal diet with dicalcium phosphate replacing the inert phosphate, resulting in four diets with 0.100, 0.180, 0.260, and 0.340% of available phosphorus. The levels of available phosphorus quadratically influenced the daily weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion, which increased up to the estimated levels 0.331; 0.330, and 0.302% of available phosphorus. Levels of phosphorus showed no influence on the hematological parameters, which remained within the reference values. Levels of available phosphorus increased linearly the ash and phosphorus contents in the metacarpal bone and decreased linearly the alkaline phosphatase activity. Levels of available phosphorus (0.331 and 0.302%, corresponding to a daily intake of 5.73 and 5.18g d-1) provided respectively the best results for weight gain and feed conversion in pigs with high genetic potential, without change in hematological parameters.
IMPLEMENTATION OF CONCURRENT NURSING AUDIT: AN EXPERIENCE REPORT
Authors: Viana Carla Denise , Bragas Luciane Zambarda Todendi de , Lazzari Daniele Delacanal , Garcia Cledir Tania França , Moura Gisela Maria Schebella Souto de
Published: March 2016

Nursing audit is a management tool capable of assisting in the improvement of care quality and efficiency of hospital charges and may be performed concurrently, in other words, while the patient receives care. This study aims to describe nurses' experience about the implementation of concurrent nursing audit in a hospital environment. This is a report on an experience in the period from 2009 to 2014 at a hospital in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The following steps of this process are discussed: Instrument elaboration, Sensitization of the nursing team and Operation of concurrent audit. The results show the feasibility and benefits of adopting this model, especially regarding the reduction of time to send the bill to the health insurances, greater interaction between auditors and care teams, creation of indicators, and contributions to the improvement of healthcare quality and nursing records.
Cancer incidence and mortality in rural workers in the Brazilian Western Amazon
Authors: Santos Emanuela de Souza Gomes dos , Lopes Creso Machado , Koifman Sergio
Published: March 2016

Abstract Aim To conduct an exploratory study about cancer incidence and mortality in rural workers in the state of Acre, Brazil. Methods The Proportional Cancer Incidence Ratio (PCIR) was calculated for rural male workers who live in Rio Branco, Acre, with histological diagnosis of cancer, and the Cancer Mortality Odds Ratio (CMOR) comparing cancer deaths occurred in rural workers in the state of Acre with those occurred in people with other occupations in the period from 2007 to 2012. Results High and statistically significant PCIR were observed for tumors of larynx, PCIR = 7.55 (95% CI 4.23-12.46); melanoma, PCIR = 11.44 (95% CI 6.55-18.54); and non – Hodgkin lymphoma, PCIR = 10.00 (95% CI 5.17-17.50) compared to the population of Rio Branco. Regarding the mortality compared analysis, we can observe CMOR = 6.94 (95% CI 1.73-27.89) for pancreatic cancer and CMOR = 13.89 (95% CI 1.25-153.60) for cancer of the urinary tract. Conclusion The results suggest an increase in the incidence estimates of mortality for selected tumor sites among rural workers that are consistent with the literature.
Empirical analysis of Brazilian banks' capital buffers during the period 2001-2011
Authors: Belém Vinícius Cintra , Gartner Ivan Ricardo
Published: March 2016

International literature indicates that the capital buffers held by banks result notably from the trade-off that exists between the cost of holding capital, adjustment costs, and bankruptcy costs, which all have a direct impact on banks' capital structures. The aim of this paper is to study the degree of sensitivity of Brazilian banks' capital buffers to the determining factors established in the literature, by using a sample of 121 banks, covering the period from 2001 to 2011. The empirical analysis that was carried out found that there was a significant cost of adjusting capital buffers for the Brazilian banks. At the same time, bankruptcy cost indicated a positive relationship between risk profile and capital buffers, while the cost of holding capital did not exhibit statistical significance in the analysis.
ESTEREÓTIPOS DE GÊNERO NA ASSISTÊNCIA AO HOMEM COM CÂNCER: DESAFIOS PARA A INTEGRALIDADE
Authors: Martins Alberto Mesaque , Modena Celina Maria
Published: March 2016

Resumo Na perspectiva da pesquisa qualitativa e das teorias de gênero, este estudo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar as concepções de profissionais de saúde que atuam em uma equipe multidisciplinar em oncologia acerca da assistência oferecida ao público masculino com câncer. Foram entrevistados dez profissionais de saúde que compõem uma equipe multidisciplinar de um hospital oncológico de Belo Horizonte, em Minas Gerais. Os resultados indicam que, para os entrevistados, os homens configuram-se como um público resistente e de difícil atuação, exigindo um manejo distinto daquele oferecido às mulheres. A dimensão biológica e o processo de socialização foram apontados como elementos que contribuem para esse distanciamento. Constatou-se ainda que os discursos dos profissionais de saúde também se encontram atravessados por estereótipos de gênero. Observam-se maior ênfase às necessidades das mulheres e o não reconhecimento dos homens como sujeitos das políticas de saúde e ações assistenciais. Faz-se necessária a inclusão do tema das masculinidades na pauta de discussões dos serviços de saúde em oncologia, favorecendo a construção participativa de estratégias que possibilitem o reconhecimento das necessidades masculinas e a garantia de práticas de saúde orientadas pelo princípio da integralidade.