bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable development in the model of an integrated system of public education, creativity and humanistic learning
Authors: Tymoshenko Yurii , Palamarchuk Olha , Iehupov Mykola , Dovbenko Tetyana
Published: June 2021

In the context of ensuring an effective strategy for sustainable development, it is necessary to consider that modern education is mainly focused on the theoretical type of scientific knowledge, on natural and engineering-technological models of thinking. At the same time, the theory of pedagogy is constantly debated and criticized by scientism. It is a term that doesn’t exist in the European countries - humanitarian or humanistic technologies - it is like wooden iron, because both the humanitarian and humanistic paradigms were formulated and spread as an alternative to the technological direction, starting from it. This is a contradiction within the theory. Another contradiction: despite the frontal critique of the school of knowledge and subject-centrism, in practice such a subject-oriented or psychologically-oriented approach remains dominant. As a result, in the minds of schoolchildren, students there is a mosaic of unrelated pieces of knowledge. Why do we hold such an approach so firmly? It is important to understand the reasons for this, otherwise we will not be able to find a practical way out of this situation, one criticism is not enough. This is not an internal pedagogical issue, but the convenience of management, external control over the activities of the education system, educational institution. Attempts to reform the pedagogical system constantly run into this circumstance, as pedagogy in its main part remains entirely state and regulated from the outside, no matter how much we talk about the partial autonomy of school, education, higher education.

The model of Waldorf pedagogy is still the only one that aims to transfer the experience of sustainable development in various fields comprehensively, that is, in its own way repeats the development of mankind in teaching. In Waldorf pedagogy, the component of responsibility is realized, for instance, through environmental education. It is necessary to perceive the activity as a part of the general activity. Freedom has a structure and necessarily includes a component of responsibility.
Socio-ecological discourse in education for the sustainable development of the North regions
Authors: Egorova Galina , Nijazova Amina , Vartanjan Aram , Gibadullina Iuliia , Demidova Olga
Published: June 2021

The article deals with a new position of socio-ecological discourse in educating a younger indigenous generation for the sustainable development of the North regions. The concept “socio-ecological competence” has been disclosed as a key personal quality and a specific behavioral model of a younger generation. This concept provides integrity, interaction, interpenetration of cognitive, pragmatic, emotional, problem-solving stimuli, providing successful gap overcommig between knowledge, skills, and abilities of ecological and social focus, their practical application in the society, which a younger indigenous generation follows. The material for studies is a model of developing socio-ecological competence in the younger indigenous generation in the North regions. The theoretico-methodlogical analysis of the model has been grounded on the leading ideas of the sustainable development of the regional communities. Essential principles of socio-ecological discourse in educating a younger indigenous generation for the sustainable development of the North regions, KhMAD – have been disclosed. A model has been developed and tested, as well as content modules, development levels of the socio-ecological competence have been determined, basing on the principle of the socio-ecological discource parameters fulfillment. It has been proved that social and ecological discource is a key direction for the sustainable development of every district.
Regarding the infrastructure modernization of the Arctic settlements using the example of Chokurdakh village
Authors: Kardashevskii Albert , Shishigina Anna , Volkov George , Gribchatov Evgeny
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the infrastructure development of the Arctic settlements through the example of Chokurdakh village in the Allaikhovsky district of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) which is on the basis of a project approach linked to ongoing and planned projects for the development of territories and sectors of traditional natural resource use. The results of a sociological survey and an analysis of the actual state of infrastructure and social facilities on the basis of which projects on improvement of the living conditions of the population are proposed. It includes creating a favourable economic environment and creating new lines of economic and commercial activity in the Arctic settlements, using local natural and human resources are presented in the article.
Transportation and subsoil use: integration for the Arctic economic development in Russia
Authors: Sleptsov Anatoliy , Gassiy Violetta , Desideri Jean-Pierre , Postnikov Afanasiy
Published: June 2021

The issues of the Russian Arctic development are considered in the paper. The authors study the trends and factors in the formation of the Arctic transportation. The subsoil use is researched as an industry that stimulates the active development of the Arctic at the present stage. The analysis of the interdependence of the two sectors of the economy is carried out as well as the reasons for their integration are substantiated. The authors consider government incentives for investment in the Arctic. The article discusses the reasons why it is still not possible to use the resource potential of the Arctic to its full capacity. According to the authors, the transport infrastructure does not meet the needs of investment. They suppose that an obstacle to the further inclusion of the Russian Arctic in an active economic turnover is the delay in the construction of the infrastructure to support the Northern Sea Route: ports, icebreakers and rescue vessels. A breakthrough in transportation is required for further successful implementation of investment projects for the extraction of hydrocarbons and other minerals. Therefore, the development of the Arctic should be considered only in the context of the integration of subsoil use and transportation. In conclusion, the authors outline the main tasks that the state needs to solve for the Arctic policy implementation.
Practical recommendations for implementing the project funding mechanism in the transport construction
Authors: Kudryavtseva Vera A.
Published: June 2021

Changes in the Russian and global economies have been affecting all sectors. Neither the transport industry nor the construction one is an exception. These industries are budget-forming, and all participants in business processes should be interested in their strategic development. In order for the federal projects developed by the Ministry of Transport to be effective, a new project funding approach is required. Industries and companies have limited financial resources. The Russian Railways company is no exception due to its limited budgetary funds and own financial capabilities. It is necessary to develop effective mechanisms for funding railway infrastructure projects. Project funding mechanisms can be innovative ways of funding large-scale infrastructure projects, since they are based on a combination of banking, commercial and public resources. Project funding can unite financial resources and competences of project participants. In addition, qualified financial institutions will be involved in project funding transactions, which ensures the timely project implantation. Project funding mechanisms allow for a comprehensive project assessment, since the lender confirms the economic feasibility of the project. Project effectiveness evaluation has become relevant after the adoption of a strategy for the development of railway transport in the Russian Federation until 2030. Polygon technologies are promising for Russian Railways and used by the Trans-Siberian Railways.
Application of the corridor management principle to the organization of the trans-Siberian railway
Authors: Dinets Daria A.
Published: June 2021

The article is focused on assessing the possibility of adapting the world experience of managing the transport corridor, including international ones, to the process of organizing and managing the Eastern railway polygon. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the possibilities of implementing the corridor management principle on the basis of the Trans-Siberian railway in terms of competitive interactability with the railways of Europe, East and Central Asia in the framework of international transport construction projects. Conditions and prerequisites for achieving commercial return of transport construction projects and integration in terms of priority areas, types of cargo, types of rolling stock and the role of international transport integration in achieving the goals of socio-economic development of the regions have been revealed. It has been determined that the orientation to long-distance transport of bulk cargo hinders the implementation of the principle of corridor management on the Trans-Siberian Railway. It has also been proven that a vertically integrated structure with a network of unequal functional and territorial branches with fundamentally different goals hinders the possibility of ensuring non-discriminatory access to the railway transport infrastructure and specifically for intermodal transport operators. As a summary, the paper presents the key directions of improving the Trans-Siberian railway management and organization system to ensure competitiveness, obtain positive effects from the implementation of projects for organizing railway polygons, as well as effective integration into projects for the development of international transport corridors.
Steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis: a critical review of national and international guideline recommendations
Authors: Stange Eduard F.
Published: June 2021

Es gibt zahlreiche nationale und internationale Leitlinien zu chronisch entzündlichen
Darmerkrankungen, die auf vergleichbarer Evidenz sowie ähnlichen Prozeduren beruhen und
daher homogen sein sollten. In dieser kritischen Übersicht wurden die
Leitlinienempfehlungen aus Europa (ECCO), Deutschland, Großbritannien, Kanada, den USA
und Japan zur Therapie der steroidrefraktären Colitis ulcerosa verglichen. Die meisten
Leitlinien unterschieden zwischen moderater/schwerer (ambulanter) und
schwerer/fulminanter Colitis in der Klinik. Die Empfehlungen zur ersten Kategorie weisen
gravierende Unterschiede auf, während zur Behandlung des stationären Patienten
weitgehende Übereinstimmung herrscht. Verschiedene Erklärungen für die Inkonsistenzen
werden diskutiert.
Apgar Score and Risk of Cerebral Palsy in Preterm Infants: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Osredkar Damjan , Verdenik Ivan , Gergeli Anja Troha , Gersak Ksenija , Lucovnik Miha
Published: June 2021

A low Apgar score is associated with increased risk of cerebral palsy (CP) in term infants, while such association remains controversial in preterm neonates. The objective of this study was to assess association between 5-minute Apgar scores and CP in different subcategories of preterm birth based on gestational age. The Slovenian National Perinatal Information System was used to identify singleton children without congenital malformations live-born at 22 to 37 weeks of gestation between 2002 and 2010. Data were linked to the Slovenian Registry of Cerebral Palsy in children born between 2002 and 2010. CP was diagnosed at a minimum of 5 years of age. Of 11,924 children included, 241 (2.0%) died before discharge and 153 (1.3%) were diagnosed with CP. Five-minute Apgar scores <7 were significantly associated with higher risk of death or CP (compared with scores ≥9) at all preterm gestations. CP alone was associated with Apgar scores <7 only at moderately or late preterm gestation (32–36 weeks) (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 8.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.87–36.64 for scores 0–4 and aRR: 4.96; 95% CI 1.89–13.06 for scores 5–6). In conclusion, a low 5-minute Apgar score was associated with combined outcome of neonatal death or CP in all preterm births, while in surviving preterm infants at >32 weeks a low 5-minute Apgar score was associated with CP.
An Unusual Presentation of Hydatid Disease in a Child: A Case Report
Authors: El Haissoufi Kamal , Ammor Abdelouhab , Kamaoui Imane , Benhaddou Houssain
Published: June 2021

The subcutaneous localization of the hydatid cyst in the abdominal wall is rarely encountered particularly in the pediatric population and is sometimes difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Here, we report the case of a 6-year-old boy who presented with two isolated episodes of low abundant hemoptysis and in whom a mass on the right lumbar region already considered as a lipoma was studied. Laboratory and radiological examinations were requested and the parietal cyst was surgically managed. The macroscopic and the pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of the hydatid disease and helped in identifying the nature of the thoracic lesion that disappeared spontaneously after two episodes of hydatid vomiting. Hydatid cyst should be considered as a diagnosis for any masses of the abdominal wall. Moreover, biopsy and partial resection of the mass must be avoided.
Carcinoma Lung Presenting with Skeletal Muscle Metastasis: Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Lalchandani Ankit , Shukla Yogeshwar , Parwez Mohammad Masoom , Kumar Vinay
Published: June 2021

Lung cancers usually present very late with distant metastasis, thereby carrying a poor prognosis. Metastasis at unusual sites such as extremity musculature does create a diagnostic challenge. This leads to delay in diagnosis and treatment initiation and further worsens the prognosis of the patient. Not many cases have been reported as of now and no standard guidelines are available regarding clinical approach in such cases. We have presented one of such cases to emphasize on importance of early detection and differentiation of such lesions from primary soft tissue malignancies.
Translation in the making: how older people engaged in a randomised controlled trial on lifestyle changes apply medical knowledge in their everyday lives
Authors: Jespersen Astrid P. , Lassen Aske Juul , Schjeldal Thorvald Winsløw
Published: June 2021

A recurring discussion in recent health studies relates to knowledge translation (KT), which deals with the questions of how to ensure and measure the uptake of knowledge from one medical situation to another and of how to move the right form of knowledge from one situation to another. Recently, however, this way of understanding KT has received criticism for presenting too basic an understanding of knowledge and not fully grasping the potential of the term translation. Based on qualitative material from a randomised controlled trial (RCT) and a follow-up study, this article takes the current discussion of KT one step further, focussing on how KT happens among healthy citizens participating in a lifestyle intervention. The overall argument is that even current critical understandings of KT often ignore the fact that the translation of medical knowledge does not stop at the clinical encounter but extends into the everyday health practices of the population. A more nuanced understanding of how and in which forms medical knowledge is adopted by people in their everyday health practices will give new insights into the complex mechanisms of KT and the encounter between medical knowledge and practice and everyday life. Hence, this article discuss how knowledge from a clinical trial—focussing on muscular training and increased protein intake—is translated into meaningful health practices. The article concludes the following points: First, constant, and often precarious, work is required to maintain the content of ‘medical knowledge’ in a complex social order. Second, focussing on translation work in everyday life emphasises that KT is an open-ended process, wherein the medical object of knowledge is contested and renegotiated and needs alliances with other objects of knowledge in order to remain relevant. Last, from an everyday life perspective, medical knowledge is just one rationale making up the fabric of people’s health practices; other rationales, such as time, feasibility, logistics and social relations, are just as relevant in determining how and why people pursue healthy living or comply with a medical regimen. CALM trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02034760. Registered on 10 January 2014; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02115698. Registered on 14 April 2014; Danish regional committee of the Capital Region H-4-2013-070. Registered on 4 July 2013; Danish Data Protection Agency 2012-58-0004–BBH-2015-001 I-Suite 03432. Registered on 9 January 2015.
Toward ultrafast magnetic depth profiling using time-resolved x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity
Authors: Chardonnet Valentin , Hennes Marcel , Jarrier Romain , Delaunay Renaud , Jaouen Nicolas , Kuhlmann Marion , Ekanayake Nagitha , Léveillé Cyril , von Korff Schmising Clemens , Schick Daniel , Yao Kelvin , Liu Xuan , Chiuzbăian Gheorghe S. , Lüning Jan , Vodungbo Boris , Jal Emmanuelle
Published: June 2021

During the last two decades, a variety of models have been developed to explain the ultrafast quenching of magnetization following femtosecond optical excitation. These models can be classified into two broad categories, relying either on a local or a non-local transfer of angular momentum. The acquisition of the magnetic depth profiles with femtosecond resolution, using time-resolved x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity, can distinguish local and non-local effects. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of this technique in a pump–probe geometry using a custom-built reflectometer at the FLASH2 free-electron laser (FEL). Although FLASH2 is limited to the production of photons with a fundamental wavelength of 4 nm (≃310 eV), we were able to probe close to the Fe L3 edge (706.8 eV) of a magnetic thin film employing the third harmonic of the FEL. Our approach allows us to extract structural and magnetic asymmetry signals revealing two dynamics on different time scales which underpin a non-homogeneous loss of magnetization and a significant dilation of 2 Å of the layer thickness followed by oscillations. Future analysis of the data will pave the way to a full quantitative description of the transient magnetic depth profile combining femtosecond with nanometer resolution, which will provide further insight into the microscopic mechanisms underlying ultrafast demagnetization.
Materials representation and transfer learning for multi-property prediction
Authors: Kong Shufeng , Guevarra Dan , Gomes Carla P. , Gregoire John M.
Published: June 2021

The adoption of machine learning in materials science has rapidly transformed materials property prediction. Hurdles limiting full capitalization of recent advancements in machine learning include the limited development of methods to learn the underlying interactions of multiple elements as well as the relationships among multiple properties to facilitate property prediction in new composition spaces. To address these issues, we introduce the Hierarchical Correlation Learning for Multi-property Prediction (H-CLMP) framework that seamlessly integrates: (i) prediction using only a material's composition, (ii) learning and exploitation of correlations among target properties in multi-target regression, and (iii) leveraging training data from tangential domains via generative transfer learning. The model is demonstrated for prediction of spectral optical absorption of complex metal oxides spanning 69 three-cation metal oxide composition spaces. H-CLMP accurately predicts non-linear composition-property relationships in composition spaces for which no training data are available, which broadens the purview of machine learning to the discovery of materials with exceptional properties. This achievement results from the principled integration of latent embedding learning, property correlation learning, generative transfer learning, and attention models. The best performance is obtained using H-CLMP with transfer learning [H-CLMP(T)] wherein a generative adversarial network is trained on computational density of states data and deployed in the target domain to augment prediction of optical absorption from composition. H-CLMP(T) aggregates multiple knowledge sources with a framework that is well suited for multi-target regression across the physical sciences.
Terahertz near-field nanoscopy based on detectorless laser feedback interferometry under different feedback regimes
Authors: Pogna Eva A. A. , Silvestri Carlo , Columbo Lorenzo L. , Brambilla Massimo , Scamarcio Gaetano , Vitiello Miriam S.
Published: June 2021

Near-field imaging techniques, at terahertz frequencies (1–10 THz), conventionally rely on bulky laser sources and detectors. Here, we employ a semiconductor heterostructure laser as a THz source and, simultaneously, as a phase-sensitive detector, exploiting optical feedback interferometry combined with scattering near-field nanoscopy. We analyze the amplitude and phase sensitivity of the proposed technique as a function of the laser driving current and of the feedback attenuation, discussing the operational conditions ideal to optimize the nano-imaging contrast and the phase sensitivity. As a targeted nanomaterial, we exploit a thin (39 nm) flake of Bi2Te2.2Se0.8, a topological insulator having infrared active optical phonon modes. The self-mixing interference fringes are analyzed within the Lang–Kobayashi formalism to rationalize the observed variations as a function of Acket’s parameter C in the full range of weak feedback (C < 1).
Cloud advection model of solar irradiance smoothing by spatial aggregation
Authors: Ranalli Joseph , Peerlings Esther E. M.
Published: June 2021

Solar generation facilities are inherently spatially distributed and therefore aggregate solar irradiance in both space and time, smoothing its variability. To represent the spatiotemporal aggregation process, most existing studies focus on the reduced correlation in solar irradiance throughout a plant's spatial distribution. In this paper, we derived a cloud advection model that is instead based upon lagging correlations between upwind/downwind portions of a distributed plant, induced by advection of a fixed cloud pattern over the plant. We use the model to calculate a plant transfer function that can be used to predict the smoothing of the time series. The model was validated using the distributed HOPE-Melpitz measurement dataset, which consisted of 50 solar irradiance sensors at 1 s temporal resolution over a 3 × 2 km2 bounding area. The initial validation showed that the advection-based model outperforms other models at predicting the smoothed irradiance time series during manually identified, advection dominated conditions. We also conducted validation on the model against additional advection dominated periods in the dataset that were identified algorithmically. The cloud advection model's performance compared well to models in literature, but degraded slightly as larger cross-wind plant distributions were investigated. The results in this paper highlight the need to incorporate advection effects on spatial aggregation during advection dominated conditions. Future development of spatiotemporal aggregation models is needed to unify advective models with existing correlation reduction models and to identify regimes where each dominate.
Injection of positrons into a dense electron cloud in a magnetic dipole trap
Authors: Singer M. , Stoneking M. R. , Stenson E. V. , Nißl S. , Deller A. , Card A. , Horn-Stanja J. , Sunn Pedersen T. , Saitoh H. , Hugenschmidt C.
Published: June 2021

The creation of an electron space charge in a dipole magnetic trap and the subsequent injection of positrons have been experimentally demonstrated. Positrons (5 eV) were magnetically guided from their source and injected into the trapping field generated by a permanent magnet (0.6 T at the poles) using a cross field E × B drift, requiring tailored electrostatic and magnetic fields. The electron cloud is created by thermionic emission from a tungsten filament. The maximum space charge potential of the electron cloud reaches −42 V, which is consistent with an average electron density of (4±2)×1012  m−3 and a Debye length of (2±1) cm. We demonstrate that the presence of this space potential does not hamper efficient positron injection. Understanding the effects of the negative space charge on the injection and confinement of positrons represents an important intermediate step toward the production of a confined electron–positron pair plasma.
Predicting solvation free energies in non-polar solvents using classical density functional theory based on the PC-SAFT equation of state
Authors: Eller Johannes , Matzerath Tanja , van Westen Thijs , Gross Joachim
Published: June 2021

We propose a predictive Density Functional Theory (DFT) for the calculation of solvation free energies. Our approach is based on a Helmholtz free-energy functional that is consistent with the Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state. This allows for a coarse-grained description of the solvent based on an inhomogeneous density of PC-SAFT segments. The solute, on the other hand, is described in full detail by atomistic Lennard-Jones interaction sites. The approach is entirely predictive as it only takes the PC-SAFT parameters of the solvent and the force-field parameters of the solute as input. No adjustable parameters or empirical corrections are involved. The framework is applied to study self-solvation of n-alkanes and to the calculation of residual chemical potentials in binary solvent mixtures. Our DFT approach accurately predicts solvation free energies of small molecular solutes in three different non-polar solvents, namely n-hexane, cyclohexane, and benzene. Additionally, we show that the calculated solvation free energies agree well with those obtained by molecular dynamics simulations and with the residual chemical potential calculated by the bulk PC-SAFT equation of state. We observe higher deviations for the solvation free energy of systems with significant solute–solvent Coulomb interactions.
Particle image velocimetry and constant temperature anemometer measurements of the jet produced by a centrifugal fan
Authors: Hofer Dominik , Krieger Michael , Kirchhofer Martin
Published: June 2021

This article presents a detailed investigation of the three-dimensional flow field produced by a small centrifugal fan used for cooling of electronic components, for instance, in the automotive industry. A particle image velocimetry (PIV) system captured numerous cross sections of the fan jet for analysis of velocity distribution and jet development. General parameters, such as the spreading rate, and flow specifics, such as the full width at half maximum contours in planes parallel to the fan outlet and the jet's rotation rate, were thus evaluated. In addition, constant temperature anemometry enabled a thorough investigation of the flow field at the fan's outflow port. Hot-wire measurements complement the PIV results by providing the power spectral density of the turbulent kinetic energy at several locations. Our results demonstrate that the cross-flow profile at the fan outlet consists of two counter-rotating vortices. This leads to a jet with a nearly elliptical, rotating cross section, which does not propagate in a direction perpendicular to the outlet plane. Several aspects of these distinctive flow features are evaluated and presented to provide both fluid mechanics and heat transfer engineers with (i) data on the air jet produced by a small centrifugal fan and (ii) reference data for computational fluid dynamics simulations. Despite complex flow development in the near field of the jet and the nonaxisymmetric jet contour in the intermediate field, our results are in good agreement with published data on axisymmetric jets in terms of spreading rate and the development of turbulence spectra observed in the intermediate field.
Recent advances in tunable spin–orbit coupling using ferroelectricity
Authors: Fang Mei , Zhang Wenchao , Wu Xiaoyu , Guo Wang , Xia Huayan , Wang Yutai , Wang Wenbin , Shen Jian
Published: June 2021

Spin–orbit coupling (SOC), describing the interaction of the spin and orbital motion of electrons with a variety of emergent phenomena, has driven significant research activity over the past decade. Here, we review the fundamental principles of SOC and its related physical effects on magnetism and spin–charge interconversion. A special emphasis is made on ferroelectricity controlled SOC with tunable spin-torque effects and spin–charge interconversions for potential applications in future scalable, non-volatile, and low power consumption information processing devices.
Multiband superbackscattering via mode superposition in a single dielectric particle
Authors: Powell Alexander W. , Hibbins Alastair P. , Sambles J. Roy
Published: June 2021

The superposition of resonances in a subwavelength particle can be used to achieve powerful scattering beyond the single channel limit and can also determine the directionality of scattered radiation. It has been proposed that by overlapping modes only with equivalent polarity in the far-field, a “superbackscattering” condition, where the total backscattered power is maximized, can be achieved. This effect can be observed through the simple geometry of a high permittivity, subwavelength sphere with a hollow core, and we demonstrate this experimentally by comparing the radar cross section (RCS) of such structures, attaining a doubling of the RCS compared to a solid particle. Furthermore, we show that several sets of modes can be overlapped at once, leading to a multiband, superbackscattering effect.
Long-lived Ag106+ luminescence and a split DNA scaffold
Authors: Petty Jeffrey T. , Carnahan Savannah , Kim Dahye , Lewis David
Published: June 2021

Molecular silver clusters emit across the visible to near-infrared, and specific chromophores can be formed using DNA strands. We study C4AC4TC3G that selectively coordinates and encapsulates Ag106+, and this chromophore has two distinct electronic transitions. The green emission is strong and prompt with ϕ = 18% and τ = 1.25 ns, and the near-infrared luminescence is weaker, slower with τ = 50 µs, and is partly quenched by oxygen, suggesting phosphorescence. This lifetime can be modulated by the DNA host, and we consider two derivatives of C4AC4TC3G with similar sequences but distinct structures. In one variant, thymine was excised to create an abasic gap in an otherwise intact strand. In the other, the covalent phosphate linkage was removed to split the DNA scaffold into two fragments. In relation to the contiguous strands, the broken template speeds the luminescence decay by twofold, and this difference may be due to greater DNA flexibility. These modifications suggest that a DNA can be structurally tuned to modulate metastable electronic states in its silver cluster adducts.
Quantum chemistry for molecules at extreme pressure on graphical processing units: Implementation of extreme-pressure polarizable continuum model
Authors: Gale Ariel , Hruska Eugen , Liu Fang
Published: June 2021

Pressure plays essential roles in chemistry by altering structures and controlling chemical reactions. The extreme-pressure polarizable continuum model (XP-PCM) is an emerging method with an efficient quantum mechanical description of small- and medium-sized molecules at high pressure (on the order of GPa). However, its application to large molecular systems was previously hampered by a CPU computation bottleneck: the Pauli repulsion potential unique to XP-PCM requires the evaluation of a large number of electric field integrals, resulting in significant computational overhead compared to the gas-phase or standard-pressure polarizable continuum model calculations. Here, we exploit advances in graphical processing units (GPUs) to accelerate the XP-PCM-integral evaluations. This enables high-pressure quantum chemistry simulation of proteins that used to be computationally intractable. We benchmarked the performance using 18 small proteins in aqueous solutions. Using a single GPU, our method evaluates the XP-PCM free energy of a protein with over 500 atoms and 4000 basis functions within half an hour. The time taken by the XP-PCM-integral evaluation is typically 1% of the time taken for a gas-phase density functional theory (DFT) on the same system. The overall XP-PCM calculations require less computational effort than that for their gas-phase counterpart due to the improved convergence of self-consistent field iterations. Therefore, the description of the high-pressure effects with our GPU-accelerated XP-PCM is feasible for any molecule tractable for gas-phase DFT calculation. We have also validated the accuracy of our method on small molecules whose properties under high pressure are known from experiments or previous theoretical studies.
Precipitation isotope time series predictions from machine learning applied in Europe
Authors: Nelson Daniel B. , Basler David , Kahmen Ansgar
Published: June 2021

Significance

Oxygen and hydrogen isotope distributions in rain and snow are chemical tracers that carry information about sources and history of precipitation. This information is useful for many applications in environmental and biological sciences, but measured values are often not available for a desired time and location. We developed a user-friendly model using machine learning that generates monthly time series of precipitation isotope values using a large compilation of readily available and routinely updated climate data. This allows monthly precipitation isotope records to be produced that span the entire duration of the available instrumental climate record. In addition to being easy to use and update, the prediction errors from direct comparison with measurements are substantially better than those of other available models.
Out-group animosity drives engagement on social media
Authors: Rathje Steve , Van Bavel Jay J. , van der Linden Sander
Published: June 2021

Significance

Almost four billion people around the world now use social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter, and social media is one of the primary ways people access news or receive communications from politicians. However, social media may be creating perverse incentives for divisive content because this content is particularly likely to go “viral.” We report evidence that posts about political opponents are substantially more likely to be shared on social media and that this out-group effect is much stronger than other established predictors of social media sharing, such as emotional language. These findings contribute to scholarly debates about the role of social media in political polarization and can inform solutions for creating healthier social media environments.
GRINS: Genetic elements that recode assembly-line polyketide synthases and accelerate their diversification
Authors: Nivina Aleksandra , Herrera Paredes Sur , Fraser Hunter B. , Khosla Chaitan
Published: June 2021

Significance

Assembly-line polyketide synthases (PKSs) make many medicinally significant natural products. A better understanding of evolutionary mechanisms underlying polyketide diversification could open new avenues for PKS engineering and drug discovery. In the course of interrogating the role of gene conversion in assembly-line PKS evolution, we discovered not only that gene conversion is widespread in these PKSs but also that it is frequently associated with the presence of a genetic element, which we have designated GRINS (genetic repeats of intense nucleotide skew). Computational analysis suggests that the presence of GRINS may promote late-stage structural diversification of polyketide antibiotics. Our work sets the stage for further investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms and evolutionary roles of these genetic elements.
Perception of invisible masked objects in early infancy
Authors: Nakashima Yusuke , Kanazawa So , Yamaguchi Masami K.
Published: June 2021

Significance

Recent studies in neuroscience suggest that visual perception is not processed by the purely feed-forward system but by the interaction of forward, horizontal, and feedback processing called recurrent loops. The present study examined the development of recurrent processing using visual backward masking, a perceptual phenomenon in which a visual stimulus is rendered invisible by a mask that follows the stimulus, possibly because of the disruption of recurrent processing. We showed that backward masking is ineffective for infants under 7 mo of age and that they can perceive masked objects that older infants cannot see because of masking. These results suggest that recurrent processing is immature in early infancy and that the mechanisms of visual perception drastically change around this age.
The long journey to bring a Myc inhibitor to the clinic
Authors: Whitfield Jonathan R. , Soucek Laura
Published: June 2021

The oncogene Myc is deregulated in the majority of human tumors and drives numerous hallmarks of cancer. Despite its indisputable role in cancer development and maintenance, Myc is still undrugged. Developing a clinical inhibitor for Myc has been particularly challenging owing to its intrinsically disordered nature and lack of a binding pocket, coupled with concerns regarding potentially deleterious side effects in normal proliferating tissues. However, major breakthroughs in the development of Myc inhibitors have arisen in the last couple of years. Notably, the direct Myc inhibitor that we developed has just entered clinical trials. Celebrating this milestone, with this Perspective, we pay homage to the different strategies developed so far against Myc and all of the researchers focused on developing treatments for a target long deemed undruggable.
Almost additive multifractal analysis for flows
*
Authors: Barreira Luis , Holanda Carllos
Published: June 2021

Building on the construction of equilibrium measures, we establish a conditional variational principle for the multifractal spectra of an almost additive family with respect to a continuous flow Φ such that the entropy map μ ↦ h

μ
(Φ) is upper-semicontinuous. We also show that the spectrum is continuous and that in the case of hyperbolic flows the corresponding irregular sets have full topological entropy. More generally, we consider the spectrum for the u-dimension and obtain corresponding results.
The Mg ii absorption line systems in quasar spectra from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope
Authors: Chen Zhi-Fu , Qin Huan-Chang , Gao Yan-Chun , Gui Run-Jin , Chen Zhe-Geng , Pang Ting-Ting
Published: June 2021

Making use of quasar spectra from LAMOST, in the spectral data around the Mg ii emission lines, research described in this paper has detected 217 Mg ii narrow absorption lines (NALs) with

W
r

λ
2796

≥
3

σ
w

and

W
r

λ
2803

≥
2

σ
w

in a redshift range of 0.4554 ≤ z
abs ≤ 2.1110. For quasars observed by both LAMOST and SDSS, we find that 135 Mg ii NALs were obviously observed in the LAMOST spectra, 347 Mg ii NALs were were apparent in the SDSS spectra, and 132 Mg ii NALs were clearly present in both the SDSS and LAMOST spectra. The missed Mg ii NALs are likely ascribed to low signal-to-noise ratios of corresponding spectra. Among the Mg ii NALs obviously observed in SDSS or LAMOST spectra, eight Mg ii NALs were significantly changed with

|
Δ

W
r

λ
2796

|
≥
3

σ
w

in time intervals of Δ MJD/(1 + z
em) = 359 – 2819 d.
Expert System in Periodontal Diseases Diagnosis Using the Certainty Factor Method
Authors: Handrizal  , Zamzami Elviawaty Muisa , Arif Maulana
Published: June 2021

Dental and oral health is sometimes not a priority for some people, even though dental and oral diseases have a serious impact on health in general, because teeth and mouth are a place for germs and bacteria to enter, so they are likely to interfere with the health of other body organs. Periodontal disease is a gum disease caused by bacteria that damage the tissue supporting the teeth and cause tooth loss. Periodontal disease is divided into 2, namely gingivitis and periodontitis. An expert system is a system that tries to implement human knowledge on a computer so that computers can solve problems as experts do. The certainty factor method is used for calculations because the certainty factor method can solve the uncertainty of a problem by measuring a person’s belief. The result of this research is an expert system that can produce the name of periodontal disease and the level of certainty for the user’s disease. This application has 100% accuracy based on test results on 20 medical record data, it is obtained that the 20 data match with the results of the system diagnosis.
Augmented Reality Peripheral Performance: Light Intensity, Distance, Occlusion and Marker Testing
Authors: Budiman E , Firdaus M B , Hairah U
Published: June 2021

Augmented Reality peripherals (ARP) that use marker detection objects have developed rapidly and are implemented in various forms to support the activities of everyday human life. The challenge that is currently being faced is the increasingly widespread application of ARP technology to the reliability of software product performance in detecting objects. This research has developed and implemented ARP in the academic space. The application development method uses the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) approach, developed based on the Android operating system, using the Unity 3D Engine and Vuforia SDK. 3D object modelling with Sweet Home 3D. Whereas for testing the reliability of ARP performance in object detection using testing of light intensity, distance, occlusion and marker with each scenario. The research produces augmented reality technology products that are able to offer visualization in the form of interactive 2D and 3D objects in academic rooms that provide information to users about the peripheral layout and division of academic spatial layouts and the good reliability performance.
Web-Based Application Design based on Usability Attributes for Sport Reservation Places: FUTSALKUY Apps
Authors: Fauzi R , Lubis M , Sutoyo E
Published: June 2021

Along with the growing world of information technology, website application become extremely popular as medium and channel that offers variety of ways in presenting information. It offers high interoperability and accessibility, which provide ease of use and learn despite different of user demographic. Therefore, the web development often faces several problems such as requirement are unclear and less defined, frequent changes in each phase, hard to launch due to budget or time, not ready to scale incomplete input validation and so on. Thus, this study utilize design thinking in the pre-development to offer complementary approach to the problem-solving through encouraging active participation from users and iterative cycle of phases.
Analysis of Combination Algorithm Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Blum-Blum-Shub (BBS)
Authors: Laia O , Zamzami E M , Sutarman
Published: June 2021

Data Encryption Standard (DES) has a weakness in the key that is vulnerable to security threats, but it is quite popular to use because of the fast encryption and decryption process. Combining the DES algorithm with the Pseudo-random number generator Blum-Blum-Shub (BBS) in generating external keys in the encryption and decryption process of messages, produces a unique key and a good level of security. The longer the selected key and seed, the higher the security level of the DES encryption and decryption key. The use of BBS as an external key generator in the DES algorithm does not significantly affect the encryption (key and seed generated is around 0,001 – 0,003 seconds for the 2 – 4 digits experiment) processing time, meanwhile, the time in the decryption process has no effect because the BBS key and seed are no longer subject to feasibility testing or number requirements. The combination of DES and BBS algorithms can increase security in terms of encryption and decryption keys because the random number of DES keys generated by the BBS algorithm is unique and does not burden the user in determining the keys used in the DES algorithm because the keys are generated from the programming language.
Optimization and Computing Model of Fish Resource Supply Chain Distribution Network
Authors: Nurdin  , Zarlis M , Tulus  , Efendi S
Published: June 2021

Aceh is a province that is rich in fishery resource potential. Fish resources become one of the leading commodities, therefore we need a supply chain optimization model. Optimization is one of the technologies widely used in supply chain network management. Fish resource supply chain becomes very important because it is caused by several factors, including the diversity of types of products from fish resources and their short expiry. The steps used in this research is literature review, determine parameters and decision variables, formulate the objective function and constraint function, modeling and model implementation. The purpose of this research is to get an optimization model in planning and managing the fish resource supply chain by using mixed integer linear programming, so that the resulting model can solve problems in the limitations of fish resources in certain areas, can distribute all consumer demand quickly. This new model can minimize transportation costs to suppliers, minimize transportation costs from suppliers to distribution centers and minimize transportation costs from distribution centers to consumers, and minimize product inventory costs to suppliers and to distribution centers.
Securing IoT Network against DDoS Attacks using Multi-agent IDS
Authors: Kerim Bedine
Published: June 2021

The crucial issue of Internet of Things (IoT) is vulnerable towards various kinds of security threats, especially on denial-of-service (DoS) attacks as IoT network consists of millions of devices attached to the network. There are plenty of intrusion detection systems (IDSs) available for IoT networks, however, the accuracy detection yet still a big problem. To address the problem, this paper proposes an ensemble IDS for IoT networks. The proposed IDS uses Multi-agent System (MAS) concept and ensemble the Information Gain feature selection algorithm with J48 classifier algorithm for the proposed IDS. Experimental results show the proposed MAS-J48-IDS provides the best accuracy performance of 99.8% for all selected features compared to IDSs that use Naïve Bayesian (NB) and Random Forest (RF) classifiers. Besides, the use of MAS contributes towards the load balancing among the nodes in the network itself.
Contribution Principal Component Analysis to Optimizing Data by Reducing Product Data on Transaction
Authors: Ginting Dewi Sartika Br , Manik Fuzy Yustika , Purnamasari Fanindia
Published: June 2021

Principal component analysis is to analyze the observation data table into a new data table that has the same correlation. And the aim is to simplify the previously complex observation data so that it is easier to process or analyze. The dataset used is transaction data which is often used by the association method in sales analysis, where the data taken consists of 1397 types of products sold in 1200 transactions. In this data, there are products that have very small sales, which means that the percentage of these products has very little effect on the future process, namely sales analysis with the association method. Therefore the authors try to optimize the data to become ready to use data by reducing products that have a small percentage value that affects research for the dataset. And on this occasion the author uses the main component analysis method to reduce products or form products that can represent the entire dataset without reducing the quality of the data for analysis. From the results of research conducted on transaction data, there was a product decline of 65.21%, where the products totaling 1397 were reduced to 486 products that could represent without reducing their value.