bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Should Guide the Performance of Venous Resection During Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Venous Contact?
Authors: Navez Julie , Bouchart Christelle , Lorenzo Diane , Bali Maria Antonietta , Closset Jean , van Laethem Jean-Luc
Published: January 2021

Complete surgical resection, most often associated with perioperative chemotherapy, is the only way to offer a chance of cure for patients with pancreatic cancer. One of the most important factors in determining survival outcome that can be influenced by the surgeon is the R0 resection. However, the proximity of mesenteric vessels in cephalic pancreatic tumors, especially the mesenterico-portal venous axis, results in an increased risk of vein involvement and/or the presence of malignant cells in the venous bed margin. A concomitant venous resection can be performed to decrease the risk of a positive margin. Given the additional technical difficulty that this implies, many surgeons seek a path between the tumor and the vein, hoping for the absence of tumor infiltration into the perivascular tissue on pathologic analysis, particularly in cases with administration of neoadjuvant therapy. The definition of optimal surgical margin remains a subject of debate, but at least 1 mm is an independent predictor of survival after pancreatic cancer surgical resection. Although preoperative radiologic assessment is essential for accurate planning of a pancreatic resection, intraoperative decision-making with regard to resection of the mesenterico-portal vein in tumors with a venous contact remains unclear and variable. Although venous histologic involvement and perivascular infiltration are not accurately predictable preoperatively, clinicians must examine the existing criteria and normograms to guide their surgical management according to the integration of new imaging techniques, preoperative chemotherapy use, tumor biology and molecular histopathology, and surgical techniques.
New Aqueous Solutions with Lower Viscosities than Water
Authors: Haraguchi Kazutoshi , Kimura Yuji
Published: January 2021

Liquid water exhibits many anomalous physical properties because of its unique structure and hydrogen bonding networks, which were mostly uncovered at the beginning of the 20th century. Because of its interesting properties and microstructures under various conditions and in aqueous solutions, understanding the behavior of water is important, but remains scientifically challenging. Regarding the viscosity of aqueous solutions, despite the discovery 147 years ago that very small amounts of certain salts decrease the viscosity of water slightly, there has been no significant progress to date. Herein, we report new aqueous solutions, with low additive fractions and much lower viscosities than pure water, which exhibit unique viscosity–composition curves. The findings should spark renewed interest in scientific research on water, which may greatly impact numerous industries.
Helical Self-Organizations and Emerging Functions in Architectures, Biological and Synthetic Macromolecules
Authors: Percec Virgil , Xiao Qi
Published: January 2021

Helical architectures including artwork and monuments, such us the Trajan’s column from Rome, were constructed as early as in the year 113 while the assemblies and the self-organizations of biological and synthetic macromolecules, only started to be discovered, elucidated and respectively designed during the early 1950s. This personalized account will first provide a historical journey starting from the Trajan’s column, that represents a classic mesoscopic helical architecture, to nanoscale biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and to supramolecular helical co-assemblies of proteins with nucleic acids, such as tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). It will continue with examples of synthetic helical covalent and supramolecular macromolecules. Their emerging functions ranging from mesoscopic scale to nanoscale and the current limitations of synthetic helical self-organizations will be discussed with selected examples mostly from the laboratory of the corresponding author.
Gender is a determinant of carotid artery stiffness independent of age and blood pressure
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Li Wei , Liu Wei , Tian Jiawei
Published: January 2021

Objective:

To identify the gender-specific differences in carotid artery structural and stiffening parameters by radiofrequency ultrasound (RFU) with an automatic arterial stiffness analyzing system.

Methods:

Seventy-two consecutive individuals (32 males and 40 females, age range from 36 to 62 years) with no history of significant cardiovascular diseases or carotid artery plaques were enrolled between September and December 2017. Quality intima-media thickness (QIMT) and quality arterial stiffness (QAS) parameters were automatically computed, including pulse wave velocity (PWV), vascular distension, compliance coefficient (CC), distensibility coefficient (DC), stiffness index α and β, augmentation pressure (AP), and augmentation index (AIx). Those parameters were compared between males and females. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the independent association between gender and RFU parameters.

Results:

The mean age had no difference between males and females (47.8 ± 3.3 vs 50.0 ± 8.5 years, p = 0.19). Females had higher systolic blood pressure (134.53 ± 9.65 vs 127.78 ± 6.12 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (85.83 ± 3.94 vs 78.03 ± 5.22 mm Hg), greater carotid QIMT (598.73 ± 72.16 vs 550.84 ± 29.37 µm), advanced PWV (8.08 ± 1.60 vs 6.24 ± 0.70 m/s), higher stiffness index α (6.21 ± 1.94 vs 3.95 ± 0.78) and β (9.43 ± 3.17 vs 6.38 ± 0.78), higher AP (6.68 ± 2.24 vs 3.64 ± 1.22 mm Hg) and AIx (7.42 ± 2.08 vs 4.69 ± 1.26%), all p < 0.001. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated gender was independently associated with carotid structural and elastic parameters.

Conclusion:

Gender independently impacts carotid structure and function, with females more vulnerable to the progression of arterial aging. Awareness of the gender differences on the risk stratification of carotid artery disease will benefit reliable assessments and specific management recommendations in clinical practice.

Advances in knowledge:

(1) RFU provides an μm-unit quality IMT measurement and multiple quality arterial stiffness parameters. (2) Gender is an independent determinant in both the arterial structural and elastic aspects, with females of stiffer arteries in low CVD risk individuals.
Multi-parametric characterization of drug effects on cells
Authors: Paran Yael , Liron Yuvalal , Batsir Sarit , Mabjeesh Nicola , Geiger Benjamin , Kam Zvi
Published: January 2021

We present here a novel multi-parametric approach for the characterization of multiple cellular features, using images acquired by high-throughput and high-definition light microscopy. We specifically used this approach for deep and unbiased analysis of the effects of a drug library on five cultured cell lines. The presented method enables the acquisition and analysis of millions of images, of treated and control cells, followed by an automated identification of drugs inducing strong responses, evaluating the median effect concentrations and those cellular properties that are most highly affected by the drug. The tools described here provide standardized quantification of multiple attributes for systems level dissection of complex functions in normal and diseased cells, using multiple perturbations. Such analysis of cells, derived from pathological samples, may help in the diagnosis and follow-up of treatment in patients.
Poisson distribution series on a general class of analytic functions
Authors: Frasin Basem A.
Published: January 2021

The main object of this paper is to find necessary and sufficient conditions for the Poisson distribution series to be in a general class of analytic functions with negative coefficients. Further, we consider an integral operator related to the Poisson distribution series to be in this class. A number of known or new results are shown to follow upon specializing the parameters involved in our main results.
On some Hölder type trace inequalities for operator weighted geometric mean
Authors: Dragomir Silvestru Sever
Published: January 2021

We obtain some Hölder type trace inequalities for operator weighted geometric mean. Some vector inequalities are also given.
When the annihilator graph of a commutative ring is planar or toroidal?
Authors: Bakhtyiari Moharram , Nikandish Reza , Nikmehr Mohammad Javad
Published: January 2021

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, and let Z(R) be the set of zero-divisors of R. The annihilator graph of R is defined as the undirected graph AG(R) with the vertex set Z(R)* = Z(R) \ {0}, and two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if  ann_R(xy) \neq ann_R(x) \cup ann_R(y). In this paper, all rings whose annihilator graphs can be embedded on the plane or torus are classified.
Las villas romanas de la Bética (Vol. I y II)
Authors: Hidalgo Prieto Rafael
Published: January 2021

Las villas romanas de la Bética constituían hasta ahora un importante problema arqueológico, a espera de ser resuelto por la investigación especializada. Ello era así como consecuencia sobre todo de las importantes novedades que en relación con este tema se han producido en Andalucía en los últimos decenios. Ante esta situación, el principal objetivo de esta monografía, resultado final de diversos proyectos de investigación coordinados desde el Seminario de Arqueología de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ha sido la puesta al día de esas importantes novedades y, junto a ello, la actualización de otros yacimientos ya conocidos. Estos dos aspectos se completan con los necesarios estudios de síntesis, hasta ahora muy escasos o parciales. Todo ello ha sido posible gracias a la labor de un total de 86 autores, entre investigadores adscritos a universidades o a otras instituciones y arqueólogos profesionales, que participando en los trabajos de síntesis, en los estudios específicos del catálogo o en ambos, conforman el corpus de autores de esta monografía.
Rozwój innowacyjności w Rosji w XXI w.: zadania i perspektywy
Authors: Kirsanowa Jekatierina
Published: January 2021

Innovative development of Russia in 21st century: tasks and perspectives

The article examines the features of innovative development of Russia in the XXI century. It identifies a number of factors that influence the braking of the innovation process. For the 90s of XX century the most important obstacles to innovation are, first of all, legal, technological and economic. Contemporary osbtalces are dominated by economic and technological factors. The author concludes that the issues that Russia faces today can be divided into two parts: the first set of problems is determined by the international situation, the second set is determined by trends of domestic development and is directly linked to the first one.
Stosunek mieszkańców stolicy do ekologicznej polityki władz Moskwy
Authors: Butyrin Grigorij
Published: January 2021

Citizens’ attitude towards ecological policy of Moscow Municipal Government

The paper sums up results of research concerning public opinion of the citizens of Moscow on ecological policy of Moscow Municipal Government. Revealing opinions about nature of conservation measures efficacy and defining Moscow’s citizens readiness to participate in priority driven programmes of city ecological policy implementation are the main purposes of the survey.
Podstawowe sprzeczności w rosyjsko‑indyjskich relacjach i zmiana wektora polityki zagranicznej Federacji Rosyjskiej w ramach trójkąta Rosja–Chiny–Indie
Authors: Lichaczew Kiriłł
Published: January 2021

The Pivotal Collisions of Russia‑India Relations and the Changing Vector of Russian Policy within the RIC Triangle

This article deals with contemporary Russia‑India collisions in the field of arms trade and nuclear energy sector. The author researches principal reasons of existing problems and analyses its influence on bilateral dialogue and Russian policy within the RIC Triangle and shaping of BRICS. He concludes that Russia is going to change its traditional focus on India in favor of deepening relations with China.
Przegląd współczesnych form współpracy polsko‑rosyjskiej w sferze nauki, kultury i edukacji
Authors: Kędziora Swietłana
Published: January 2021

Review of forms of Polish‑Russian cooperation in the field of science, culture and education

This article is devoted to the work of organizations of Polish‑Russian cooperation in science, culture and education. The author describes the main state institutions (Academies of Sciences of Russia and Poland, the Polish‑Russian Group for Difficult Issues, Foundation „Centre for Russian‑Polish Dialogue and Understanding” in Moscow and the Centre for Polish‑Russian Dialogue and Understanding in Warsaw) and, more broadly discusses the activities of so‑called „third sector”, non‑governmental organizations, bringing out the methods and scope of their work based on the examples of NGO’s (including the Foundation and Association Cultural Community „Borussia” and the Association of Cooperation „Poland‑East”). Form of activity of these organizations in the sphere of Russian‑Polish relations often differs from those conducted by state institutions. Projects organized by NGO’s are more on the regional level and are also characterized by flexibility and mobility. In recent years this sector is rapidly evolving both in Poland and Russia. It plays an increasingly important role in the development of Russian‑Polish cooperation, including scientific, cultural and educational.
Strategic Timing and Dynamic Pricing for Online Resource Allocation
Authors: Abhishek Vibhanshu , Dogan Mustafa , Jacquillat Alexandre
Published: January 2021

This paper optimizes dynamic pricing and real-time resource allocation policies for a platform facing nontransferable capacity, stochastic demand-capacity imbalances, and strategic customers with heterogenous price and time sensitivities. We characterize the optimal mechanism, which specifies a dynamic menu of prices and allocations. Service timing and pricing are used strategically to: (i) dynamically manage demand-capacity imbalances, and (ii) provide discriminated service levels. The balance between these two objectives depends on customer heterogeneity and customers’ time sensitivities. The optimal policy may feature strategic idlenexss (deliberately rejecting incoming requests for discrimination), late service prioritization (clearing the queue of delayed customers), and deliberate late-service rejection (focusing on incoming demand by rationing capacity for delayed customers). Surprisingly, the price charged to time-sensitive customers is not increasing with demand—high demand may trigger lower prices. By dynamically adjusting a menu of prices and service levels, the optimal mechanism increases profits significantly, as compared with dynamic pricing and static screening benchmarks. We also suggest a less information-intensive mechanism that is history-independent but fine-tunes the menu with incoming demand; this easier-to-implement mechanism yields close-to-optimal outcomes.

This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics.
Efectos de la pandemia por COVID-19 en la salud mental de la población trabajadora
Authors: Ruiz-Frutos Carlos , Gómez-Salgado Juan
Published: January 2021

El impacto de la COVID-19 en la sociedad no es un tema baladí. Desde el inicio de la pandemia, el Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center había reportado hasta el 23 de noviembre de 2020 un total de 58.696.029 personas contagiadas y 1.556.730 muertes de personas diagnosticadas con el SARS-CoV-2 (en inglés, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; en español, coronavirus tipo 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave). Siendo España el sexto país en número de contagios (1.556.730) y el noveno en muertes (42.619)…
Aspectos preventivos en migraña y trabajo. Encuesta europea
Authors: Vicente Herrero María Teofila , Ramírez Iñiguez de la Torre Mª Victoria , Reinoso Barbero Luis , Ruiz de la Torre Elena
Published: January 2021

Introducción: La promoción de la salud en el trabajo integra las iniciativas en salud y seguridad en ámbito ocupacional, con mejoras personales, incremento de productividad y menores riesgos y gastos sociales, especialmente en migraña, como enfermedad neurológica con prevalencia estimada en el 11% de la población. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer las condiciones preventivas de los trabajadores con migraña y las opciones de gestión preventiva en sus empresas. 

Método: Estudio observacional transversal realizado en 3.342 pacientes de España, Italia, Francia, Portugal, Irlanda, Reino Unido, Alemania y otros países de la UE mediante encuesta anónima en la web de la European Migraine & Headache Alliance (EMHA-web), entre septiembre de 2018 y enero de 2019.

Resultados: Estrés laboral y uso de PVD son los riesgos más referidos por los trabajadores con migraña. El 43.71% de trabajadores desconoce el tipo de Servicio de Prevención de su empresa, 49.06% no dispone de servicio médico; el 67.67% no ha tenido impedimentos de acceso laboral por migraña, ni despido o no renovación del contrato, pero el 42,14% tuvo algún conflicto por pérdida de productividad; el 26,54% desconoce el concepto de especial sensibilidad o no lo ha solicitado por migraña; un 55,42% no se ha sentido comprendido ni apoyado por su empresa en sus limitaciones por migraña, pero sí por los compañeros.

Conclusión: Se observa una deficiente información preventiva y escaso uso de las opciones de gestión adaptativa en las empresas para personas con migraña.
Análisis de la Frecuencia Cardiaca relacionada con las variables de altura y frecuencia en el Levantamiento de cargas
Authors: Saavedra-Robinson Luis A. , Paredes-Astudillo Yenny A. , Quintana Leonardo
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de las variables altura vertical y la frecuencia de levantamiento sobre la frecuencia cardiaca en trabajadores en la tarea de levantamiento de cargas.

Método: Diseño experimental factorial con bloques, considerando como variables independientes la altura vertical y la frecuencia de levantamiento y la dependiente la frecuencia cardiaca. El experimento se desarrolló con 20 trabajadores entre 18 y 40 años con al menos seis meses de experiencia en tareas de almacén y empaque en una empresa de productos lácteos. Se calculó el coeficiente FRIMAT para determinar la carga fisiológica de la tarea.

Resultados: Existe un efecto significativo sobre la respuesta de la frecuencia cardiaca debido a la interacción de la frecuencia y la altura vertical del levantamiento. Además, basados en el coeficiente FRIMAT, se obtuvo una calificación de “carga de trabajo mínima” para el 85% de los tratamientos, y en un tratamiento, se presentó una calificación de “algo difícil”.

Conclusiones: La altura y frecuencia de levantamiento no actúan de manera independiente y tienen un efecto sobre la carga fisiológica del trabajador en el levantamiento manual de cargas manifestada en la frecuencia cardiaca.
Programas de eliminación del Amianto. Lecciones desde Polonia
Authors: García López Vega
Published: January 2021

La exposición laboral se ha controlado a partir de la Directiva de 2009 y, en la actualidad, mediante vigilancia epidemiológica, se registran las patologías, mesoteliomas fundamentalmente, por exposiciones pasadas. 

Después de prohibida su utilización, aún permanecen cantidades ingentes en edificios, infraestructuras y vehículos, entre otros.

Con el objetivo de conocer las dificultades de estos planes se ha revisado el de Polonia, único país que hasta la fecha, ha implementado un plan de acción con un gran respaldo financiero y las actuaciones llevadas a cabo en relación con la exposición a amianto en España y, Navarra en concreto por contar con un registro exhaustivo de trabajadores expuestos. 

El enorme esfuerzo económico que precisan estos planes y los riesgos medioambientales que suponen, merecen una precisa planificación, que exige conocer el no alcance hasta la fecha actual de los objetivos planteados en Polonia, país referente.
Condiciones laborales y de salud en trabajadores inmigrantes internacionales
Authors: Benazizi Ikram
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo es un comentario del artículo: Hargreaves S, Rustage K, Nellums LB, McAlpine A, Pocock N, Devakumar D, Aldridge RW, Abubakar I, Kristensen KL, Himmels JW, Friedland JS, Zimmerman C. Occupational health outcomes among international migrant workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health. 2019; 7(7): E872-82. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30204-9
Covid-19 vaccination: Logistical challenges in primary care
Authors: Butt Mike
Published: January 2021

With the UK's Covid-19 vaccine roll-out now under way, the arrival of a potentially life-saving jab is no longer a dream. However, the scale of the logistical challenge should not be underestimated
A Practice-based Evaluation of a Novel Resin Luting Material and Dentine Bonding Agent
Authors: Sands Peter , Crisp Russell J , Thompson Owen , Burke FJ Trevor
Published: January 2021

This study evaluated the handling of a recently introduced resin luting material and its associated universal bonding agent by a group of practice-based researchers. Eleven evaluators from the practice-based research group, the PREP Panel, were sent explanatory letters and a pack of the materials under investigation, with a request to use them, where indicated, for 10 weeks and then to complete a questionnaire designed to elicit the evaluators' views on the handling of the materials. In total, 217 restorations were placed: the results from the questionnaire indicated strong acceptance of the ease of use of the materials. The novel cement delivery system was found to reduce waste, the cement was of ideal viscosity, and the design of the mixing tips and easier clean up were particularly noteworthy. The investigators also appreciated that the same cement can cover adhesive and self-adhesive indications. Some clinical cases of different indications were documented and selected illustrations are presented.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The luting system which was evaluated was found to be easy to use, with reduced waste of material.
Significance of the Coronal Pulp Chamber Floor Anatomy in the Human Dentition: A Narrative Review
Authors: Pawar Ajinkya M , Singh Shishir
Published: January 2021

In root canal treatment, the foundation on which all surgical procedures are performed is a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the pulp chamber and the root canal system. The endodontic triad comprises biomechanical preparation, microbial control and complete obturation of the root canal space. Knowledge of the pulp chamber floor anatomy is important in locating the numbers and orifices of root canals present within the tooth being root canal treated. This is particularly important while treating teeth that are heavily restored, mal-positioned, or calcified. The current review attempts to explain the complex anatomy of the pulp chamber floor and its significance in root canal treatment.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To allow the location of all root canal orifices in the pulp chamber and to perform successful root canal treatment, knowledge of pulp chamber floor anatomy is essential. The clinician should consider that, as the external morphology of the tooth varies in individuals, so does the internal morphology.
Individually Formed Glass Fibre Reinforced Composite Posts for Compromised Teeth with Oval and Flared Endodontic Canals
Authors: AL-Oulabi Ayman , Beh Yew Hin , Ariffin Zaihan , Johari Yanti
Published: January 2021

Potential excessive removal of tooth structure during retreatment, and canal preparation for a post will weaken the tooth substantially. An alternative to prefabricated or cast metal and fibre posts, is a soft and flexible fibre-reinforced composite post that can be used to aid a good adaptation and preserve the tooth structure. These two case reports highlight the use of fibre-reinforced composite posts in teeth with severe loss of tooth structure with wide flared and oval canals.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Case selection and proper treatment planning are important before considering and selecting any type of post placement.
Health visiting services during the pandemic: The changes and challenges ahead
Authors: Boddy Bethany
Published: January 2021

Bethany Boddy reflects on the findings of the State of Health Visiting survey alongside current evidence of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on children and families. What does this year have in store for practice?
Antibiofilm efficacy of focused high-energy extracorporeal shockwaves and antibiotics in vitro
Authors: Milstrey Alexander , Rosslenbroich Steffen , Everding Jens , Raschke Michael J. , Richards Robert Geoff , Moriarty Thomas Fintan , Puetzler Jan
Published: January 2021

Aims

Biofilm formation is one of the primary reasons for the difficulty in treating implant-related infections (IRIs). Focused high-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy (fhESWT), which is a treatment modality for fracture nonunions, has been shown to have a direct antibacterial effect on planktonic bacteria. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of fhESWT on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in vitro in the presence and absence of antibiotic agents.

Methods

S. aureus biofilms were grown on titanium discs (13 mm × 4 mm) in a bioreactor for 48 hours. Shockwaves were applied with either 250, 500, or 1,000 impulses onto the discs surrounded by either phosphate-buffered saline or antibiotic (rifampin alone or in combination with nafcillin). The number of viable bacteria was determined by quantitative culture after sonication. Representative samples were taken for scanning electron microscopy.

Results

The application of fhESWT led to a ten-fold reduction in bacterial counts on the metal discs for all impulse numbers compared to the control (p < 0.001). Increasing the number of impulses did not further reduce bacterial counts in the absence of antibiotics (all p > 0.289). Antibiotics alone reduced the number of bacteria on the discs; however, the combined application of the fhESWT and antibiotic administration further reduced the bacterial count compared to the antibiotic treatment only (p = 0.032).

Conclusion

The use of fhESWT significantly reduced the colony-forming unit (CFU) count of a S. aureus biofilm in our model independently, and in combination with antibiotics. Therefore, the supplementary application of fhESWT could be a helpful tool in the treatment of IFIs in certain cases, including infected nonunions. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(1):77–84.
Effects of Plate Structure and Nozzle Diameter on Hydraulic Performance of Fixed Spray Plate Sprinklers at Low Working Pressures
Authors: Chen Rui , Li Hong , Wang Jian , Chen Chao
Published: January 2021

Highlights

The hydraulic performance of fixed spray plate sprinklers (FSPS) was evaluated at low working pressures.

The effects of geometric structure on the hydraulic performance of FSPS were studied.

A model was developed for estimating the application depth and uniformity of FSPS under a linear-move system.

The recommended values of the most effective sprinkler combination spacing for FSPS are given.

Abstract. Reducing the working pressure of sprinklers can effectively reduce the energy consumption of sprinkler irrigation systems. Fixed spray plate sprinklers (FSPS) have a simple structure, and their working pressure has potential to be reduced to 40 kPa. To evaluate the hydraulic performance of FSPS at low pressure, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of working pressure, plate structure, and nozzle diameter on sprinkler flow rate, wetted radius, and water application distribution. Two plates (FSPSB and FSPSY) and five nozzles were used in the tests. The cumulative water application depth and irrigation uniformity coefficient were calculated under a linear-move system. The results show that sprinklers with larger nozzle diameters and higher working pressures produce greater coefficients of discharge. The wetted radius gradually increases with the increase in working pressure and nozzle diameter. Two empirical equations for estimating the wetted radius of the two plates are proposed. The FSPSB has a concave trajectory structure that produces a longer wetted radius than the FSPSY, which has a flat trajectory structure. Along the wetted radius, the water application rate increases and then decreases, with a peak value at a certain distance. For the FSPSB, the peak rate of water application decreases with increasing working pressure. However, the FSPSY shows the opposite trend, with the maximum peak value occurring at the highest working pressure of 250 kPa. The water distribution for a single FSPSB sprinkler is discrete due to the greater water dispersal caused by the deeper grooves in the plate. In contrast, a single FSPSY sprinkler provides a more uniform water distribution. The irrigation uniformity of the FSPSY is higher than that of the FSPSB. The recommended values for the most effective sprinkler combination spacings for FSPSB and FSPSY are given in this article. The results may be useful for selecting appropriate sprinklers in hydraulic design procedures. Keywords: Cumulative spray water depth, Irrigation uniformity, Sprinkler irrigation, Water distribution, Working condition.
Influence of probe geometry on the characteristics
of optical fiber gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement signals
Authors: Ma Yu , Lv Mingyang , Zhang Yangrui , Zhang Xu , Li Song , Sun Weimin , Lewis Elfed
Published: January 2021

A conical tip–shaped plastic optical fiber sensor for gas-liquid flow
measurement is described. Experimental results show that a distinctive
spike signal occurs before the output signal when using a conventional
conical fiber probe, whereas this spike signal was greatly suppressed
when a cleaved probe is used. A full simulation is implemented based
on a three-dimensional ray-tracing method providing a means of
comparison with theoretical analysis. The results show that an
appropriately cleaved tip provides a promising method of enhancing the
bubble measurement signal-to-noise ratio.
Curved retina-like camera array imaging system with adjustable super-resolution fovea
Authors: Cui Huan , Hao Qun , Cao Jie , Wang Zihan , Zhang Haoyu , Cheng Yang
Published: January 2021

To achieve non-uniform imaging with a large field of view and high efficiency as well as to obtain an adjustable fovea with super-resolution, we proposed a curved retina-like camera array imaging system (CRCS), which is built by an eight-camera array distributed non-uniformly on a curved surface and a camera coaxial with Risley prisms located in the center. By the non-uniform imaging, the field of view of the developed prototype is

150

∘

×

40

∘

with a reduction of data redundancy by 87.62%. Besides, the experimental results show that CRCS can obtain clear and sharp images of farther targets of interest around the fovea field of view with a constant focal length.
Effect on null spaces of list-mode imaging systems due to increasing the size of attribute space
Authors: Clarkson Eric , Kupinski Meredith
Published: January 2021

An upper bound is derived for a figure of merit that quantifies the error in reconstructed pixel or voxel values induced by the presence of null functions for any list-mode system. It is shown that this upper bound decreases as the region in attribute space occupied by the allowable attribute vectors expands. This upper bound allows quantification of the reduction in this error when this type of expansion is implemented. Of course, reconstruction error is also caused by system noise in the data, which has to be treated statistically, but we will not be addressing that problem here. This method is not restricted to pixelized or voxelized reconstructions and can in fact be applied to any region of interest. The upper bound for pixelized reconstructions is demonstrated on a list-mode 2D Radon transform example. The expansion in the attribute space is implemented by doubling the number of views. The results show how the pixel size and number of views both affect the upper bound on reconstruction error from null functions. This reconstruction error can be averaged over all pixels to give a single number or can be plotted as a function on the pixel grid. Both approaches are demonstrated for the example system. In conclusion, this method can be applied to any list-mode system for which the system operator is known and could be used in the design of the systems and reconstruction algorithms.
Critical coupling vortex with grating-induced high Q-factor optical Tamm states
Authors: Bikbaev Rashid G. , Maksimov Dmitrii N. , Pankin Pavel S. , Chen Kuo-Ping , Timofeev Ivan V.
Published: January 2021

We investigate optical Tamm states supported by a dielectric grating placed on top of a distributed Bragg reflector. It is found that under certain conditions the Tamm state may become a bound state in the continuum. The bound state, in its turn, induces the effect of critical coupling with the reflectance amplitude reaching an exact zero. We demonstrate that the critical coupling point is located in the core of a vortex of the reflection amplitude gradient in the space of the wavelength and angle of incidence. The emergence of the vortex is explained by the coupled mode theory.
High energy (0.8 J) mechanically Q-switched 2.94 μm Er:YAG laser
Authors: Karki Krishna , Fedorov Vladimir , Martyshkin Dmitry , Mirov Sergey
Published: January 2021

We report a flashlamp pumped mechanically Q-switched (MQS) 2.94 μm Er:YAG laser based on a spinning mirror with a highest output energy of 805 mJ at a pulse duration of 61 ns and 13 MW of peak power at 1 Hz repetition rate. This record output energy was achieved with the use of 300 mm long MQS Er:YAG laser cavity consisting of a 70% output coupler, 7 × 120 mm AR coated Er(50%):YAG crystal, and 4200 rad/s angular speed of the spinning mirror. The pulse jitter was also measured by using optical triggering and was smaller than 10 ns for 150 ns Q-switched pulses, which could be applicable to many laser applications where precise synchronization of pulses is required.
Choosing an optimal wavelength to detect brain activity in functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Cheng Xiaojun , Sie Edbert J. , Boas David A. , Marsili Francesco
Published: January 2021

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measures human brain function noninvasively. The optical response to oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration variations during brain activation is wavelength dependent because of the differing spectral shapes of the extinction coefficients of the two hemoglobin species. Choosing the optimal wavelength in fNIRS measurements is crucial to improving the performance of the technique. Here we report on a framework to estimate the spectral response to neural activation in a pre-defined local region. We found that the wavelength that exhibits the largest fractional change in the detected fluence with respect to the baseline value is around 830 nm.
Nanotwist of aluminum with irradiation of a single optical vortex pulse
Authors: Ablez Ablimit , Toyoda Kohei , Miyamoto Katsuhiko , Omatsu Takashige
Published: January 2021

A nanoscale twisting of aluminum (Al) is demonstrated by irradiation with a single picosecond optical vortex pulse with relatively low energy near the ablation threshold, due to the orbital angular momentum (OAM) transfer effects. The twisting needle is easily transformed into a microscale non-twisting needle by only the deposition of several overlaid optical vortex pulses. Irradiation with a picosecond/nanosecond optical vortex pulse with a millijoule level pulse energy also enabled the fabrication of a microscale non-twisting needle. Such nano/microstructuring of Al provides a new physical insight for the interaction between OAM and materials, and it also offers an entirely new nano/microfabrication technique towards ultraviolet plasmonic devices.
Runx1 is a central regulator of osteogenesis for bone homeostasis by orchestrating BMP and WNT signaling pathways
Authors: Tang Chen-Yi , Wu Mengrui , Zhao Dongfeng , Edwards Diep , McVicar Abigail , Luo Yuan , Zhu Guochun , Wang Yongjun , Zhou Hou-De , Chen Wei , Li Yi-Ping
Published: January 2021

Runx1 is highly expressed in osteoblasts, however, its function in osteogenesis is unclear. We generated mesenchymal progenitor-specific (Runx1f/fTwist2-Cre) and osteoblast-specific (Runx1f/fCol1α1-Cre) conditional knockout (Runx1 CKO) mice. The mutant CKO mice with normal skeletal development displayed a severe osteoporosis phenotype at postnatal and adult stages. Runx1 CKO resulted in decreased osteogenesis and increased adipogenesis. RNA-sequencing analysis, Western blot, and qPCR validation of Runx1 CKO samples showed that Runx1 regulates BMP signaling pathway and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. ChIP assay revealed direct binding of Runx1 to the promoter regions of Bmp7, Alk3, and Atf4, and promoter mapping demonstrated that Runx1 upregulates their promoter activity through the binding regions. Bmp7 overexpression rescued Alk3, Runx2, and Atf4 expression in Runx1-deficient BMSCs. Runx2 expression was decreased while Runx1 was not changed in Alk3 deficient osteoblasts. Atf4 overexpression in Runx1-deficient BMSCs did not rescue expression of Runx1, Bmp7, and Alk3. Smad1/5/8 activity was vitally reduced in Runx1 CKO cells, indicating Runx1 positively regulates the Bmp7/Alk3/Smad1/5/8/Runx2/ATF4 signaling pathway. Notably, Runx1 overexpression in Runx2-/- osteoblasts rescued expression of Atf4, OCN, and ALP to compensate Runx2 function. Runx1 CKO mice at various osteoblast differentiation stages reduced Wnt signaling and caused high expression of C/ebpα and Pparγ and largely increased adipogenesis. Co-culture of Runx1-deficient and wild-type cells demonstrated that Runx1 regulates osteoblast−adipocyte lineage commitment both cell-autonomously and non-autonomously. Notably, Runx1 overexpression rescued bone loss in OVX-induced osteoporosis. This study focused on the role of Runx1 in different cell populations with regards to BMP and Wnt signaling pathways and in the interacting network underlying bone homeostasis as well as adipogenesis, and has provided new insight and advancement of knowledge in skeletal development. Collectively, Runx1 maintains adult bone homeostasis from bone loss though up-regulating Bmp7/Alk3/Smad1/5/8/Runx2/ATF4 and WNT/β-Catenin signaling pathways, and targeting Runx1 potentially leads to novel therapeutics for osteoporosis.
Polysubstance use among adolescents in Malaysia: Findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2017
Authors: Rodzlan Hasani Wan Shakira , Saminathan Thamil Arasu , Ab Majid Nur Liana , Miaw Yn Jane Ling , Mat Rifin Halizah , Abd Hamid Hamizatul Akmal , Robert Lourdes Tania Gayle , Ahmad Ahzairin , lsmail Hasimah , Rashid Rusdi Abd , Mohd Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli
Published: January 2021

Background

Polysubstance use is defined as the use of more than one non-prescribed licit or illicit substance either concurrently or simultaneously. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of single substance users and polysubstance users and 'their associated factors among adolescents in Malaysia.

Methods

This study was a secondary data analysis from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2017, a cross-sectional survey conducted among Malaysian school-going adolescents aged 13 to 17. The NHMS utilised a two-stage stratified cluster sampling. Multivariate Multinomial Logistic Regression analysis was applied.

Results

The overall prevalence of single substance use and polysubstance use among adolescents were 17.2% and 5.1% respectively. The multinomial model showed a higher likelihood of being single or polysubstance user among male (single user OR = 3.0, poly user OR = 4.6), others Bumiputeras vs Malay (single user OR = 1.7, poly user OR = 5.3), those who live with a single parent (single user OR = 1.2, poly user OR = 1.4), involved in truancy (single user OR = 1.7, poly user OR = 3.6) and being bullied (single user OR = 1.3, poly user OR = 3.4), those who had lack of peer support (single user OR = 1.3, poly user OR = 1.4), poor parental bonding (single user OR = 1.4, poly user OR = 1.8), depression (single user OR = 1.4, poly user OR = 3.2) and those who had no close friend (single user OR = 1.3, poly user OR = 2.7).

Conclusion

Our study highlighted multiple significant associated factors of single and polysubstance use among adolescents in Malaysia. This result can assist in the development of specific intervention and prevention programs targeting high-risk groups.
Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and anti-pathogen innate immune responses
Authors: Feng Hui , Zhang Yi-Bing , Gui Jian-Fang , Lemon Stanley M. , Yamane Daisuke
Published: January 2021

The eponymous member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, IRF1, was originally identified as a nuclear factor that binds and activates the promoters of type I interferon genes. However, subsequent studies using genetic knockouts or RNAi-mediated depletion of IRF1 provide a much broader view, linking IRF1 to a wide range of functions in protection against invading pathogens. Conserved throughout vertebrate evolution, IRF1 has been shown in recent years to mediate constitutive as well as inducible host defenses against a variety of viruses. Fine-tuning of these ancient IRF1-mediated host defenses, and countering strategies by pathogens to disarm IRF1, play crucial roles in pathogenesis and determining the outcome of infection.
Presentación: Imaginarios, naciones y escritura de mujeres del siglo XIX en América Latina
Authors: Natanson Brigitte
Published: January 2021

En este número de la revista América sin Nombre, nos proponemos presentar algunos resultados de investigaciones en curso, sobre la participación de varias mujeres en la construcción de las naciones, tanto escritoras confirmadas como “simples” educadoras o salonnières. Desde artículos, cartas, obras literarias y ensayos, esas voces y esa visión femenina interrumpen el “monólogo masculino”, según la expresión de Mary Louise Pratt, dibujando el eje que vertebra los estudios presentados en estas páginas. Estos artículos fueron redactados después de varios encuentros de investigadores en 2017 y 2018: el primero se fraguó en el Centro de Estudios Literarios Iberoamericanos Mario Benedetti de la Universidad de Alicante, el segundo en la Universidad de Orléans, Francia. Las temáticas han sido así presentadas y discutidas,  precisadas por cada especialista y propuestas para este número de América sin nombre.
La reivindicación de las demandas feministas en los ensayos de Martina Barros
Authors: Contreras Joyce
Published: January 2021

El estudio se centra en el análisis de dos ensayos de la escritora y salonnière chilena Martina Barros (1850-1944) los cuales reflexionan en torno al estatus de la mujer. El primero de ellos es el «Prólogo a La Esclavitud de la Mujer», escrito en 1872. Este (para)texto compaña la traducción que hizo Barros del estudio de John Stuart Mill, The Subjection of women. El segundo corresponde a «El voto femenino», conferencia que fue dictada y publicada en 1917. Interesa examinar ambos trabajos con el objetivo de ver la evolución del pensamiento feminista de Barros, sus ideas de avanzadas, ambigüedades y contradicciones, así como el despliegue de las estrategias que utilizó para visibilizar su voz y posicionarse en el campo cultural.
Voz y cuerpo autoriales en Juana Manso
Authors: Girona Núria
Published: January 2021

El estilo de Juana Manso fue calificado por Sarmiento como «escandaloso». Esa manera inequívoca de presentarse públicamente delimitó desde entonces un modo de existencia, de circulación y de funcionamiento de su figura autorial en el campo cultural argentino de mediados de siglo XIX. Este artículo se propone rastrear esta singular «puesta en escena» de la escritora como un dispositivo de enunciación que no se limita a sus textos, en la doble dimensión que ocupa, como autora y como actora de ese campo. ¿Cómo se construye, en esta puesta escena, su voz y su imagen?, ¿Cómo se difunde ese cuerpo de autora? En la conjunción de género y profesión, la función-Manso se concreta en un tono de escritura y un modo de actuar como escritora, es decir, en un estilo de feminidad. En sus autorrepesentaciones se detecta un desajuste entre los ideales de género de la época y la manera de enfrentarlos. La monstruosidad se cuela en estas referencias: el cuerpo retorna inquietante en las figuras que la subjetividad impone al discurso.
Las formas del exilio. Apuntes para una biografía de Juana Manso
Authors: Pierini Margarita
Published: January 2021

El artículo propone un abordaje a la trayectoria de la escritora argentina Juana Manso (1819-1875) ubicándola en el contexto de su época y de las circunstancias que comparte con muchas de sus contemporáneas latinoamericanas.  Entre esas circunstancias compartidas, elegimos un eje que atraviesa esas trayectorias: la experiencia del exilio, pensado como una realidad que no se acota en la expulsión de una patria, hacia otro ámbito extraño y ajeno. Planteamos aquí  el tema del exilio en la vida de Manso como la privación de otros espacios, materiales o simbólicos, que reflejan el pensamiento dominante sobre el lugar que se les asigna a las intelectuales de su tiempo.
Desarmonías del archivo nacional. Sujeción poética del paisaje en La cautiva de Echeverría
Authors: Luppi Juan Pablo
Published: January 2021

Según el protocolo de apropiación del Desierto como patrimonio nacional en la “Advertencia” de Rimas de Esteban Echeverría (publicado en Buenos Aires en 1837), la imaginación geográfica traza el ideario económico-estético de explotación organizada del territorio. Autonomizado de Rimas como poema fundacional de la literatura argentina, La cautiva comprime el Desierto en una estructura de rima resonante y métrica forzada, dominada por la voz lírica a resguardo de la naturaleza que devora a la pareja de seres ideales, subordinados a la descripción espacial. Pautada por la interioridad espiritual de quien contempla el espacio enmarcado como paisaje, la desarmonía rítmica materializa contradicciones políticas y estéticas de la adaptación sudamericana del credo romántico, por las cuales La cautiva alienta un funcionamiento del archivo literario menos subalterno que el pautado por la política cultural de la Nación.
De cautivos a doctores: la práctica médica como elemento cómico en las narrativas de cautiverio ibéricas
Authors: Supiot Perez Christian
Published: January 2021

Las obras Naufragios, Viaje de Turquía y Peregrinação han generado una extensa y variada bibliografía, tanto en la representación del sujeto Otro y del sujeto colonial, como del sujeto conquistador-cautivo europeo, como parte de una preocupación por la identidad colonial y del sujeto moderno en general. Este trabajo analiza un aspecto determinado de estas narrativas de cautiverio: cómo los personajes protagonistas, expuestos a similares condiciones de desplazamiento geográfico y cultural, son forzados a asumir la identidad del médico. El estudio se centra en el recurso al humor y la sátira médica para justificar y expiar la asunción de dicha identidad, allí donde se percibe que tiene implicaciones sociales negativas en la cultura del lector ideal ibérico luso-hispano.