bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Solar Energy Generation with Machine Learning based on AQI and Weather Features
Authors: Shah Arjun , Viswanath Varun , Gandhi Kashish , Ranka Prateek , Dedhia Urmi , Patil Nilesh
Published: July 2023

In this paper, our goal is to determine solar power generation utilising machine learning models based on weather data and AQI(Air Quality Index). This study benchmarks the performance of these models based on three novel methodologies to identify which yields the best accuracy in terms of R2 score and simultaneously results in the lowest Mean Absolute Error(MAE) and Root Mean Square Error(RMSE). Firstly, a time-series based approach is used to accurately capture the seasonality in this solar generation. Secondly, to address the excessive zeros in the solar generation data we switched to a zero-inflated model, which accounts for the cases where there is true zero solar generation(Night-time, winter, cloud cover etc). Finally, we applied Power Transform to formulate a more efficient 1 method of addressing the skewness in the data and to transform it into a more Gaussian-like distribution. This scaling method smoothed out the solar distribution data and gave a much better R2 score and lower overall MAE and RMSE scores. These findings demonstrate the overall success of our predictive models in accurately determining solar power generation. Since precise solar energy projections can help to maximise energy generation and utilisation, these findings have major implications for energy management and planning. A comprehensive framework for precise solar energy prediction based on AQI and weather features is provided by the combination of regular time series modeling, zero-inflated modeling, and power transformation techniques, which advances forecasting and decision-making for renewable energy sources.
Natural Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors: A Review
Authors: Singh Sonia , Sharma Himanshu , Ramankutty Raghavan , Ramaswamy Sarada , Agrawal Nitin
Published: July 2023

PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) is an enzyme that helps to reduce
cardiovascular events. This clinical result is attributable primarily to the crucial involvement of
PCSK9 in regulating the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Because oral anti-PCSK9 medications
have yet to be available, the benefits of this unique treatment approach have been diminished.
Identifying naturally occurring PCSK9 inhibitors may lead to considerable progress in this
regard. These inhibitors serve as a starting point for producing oral and effective components that
could be used with statins to boost the proportion of patients who achieve their LDL-cholesterol
goals. In this review, we have briefly summarised the recent information regarding natural components
or extracts that have been shown to inhibit PCSK9 activity.
Several Applications of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery
Authors: Sulaiman Khil Noor Hassan , Sharma Shaweta , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Alam Aftab
Published: July 2023

Rapid progress is being made in the area of nanotechnology; solid lipid
nanoparticles are currently at the forefront of research and development. They have the
capability of becoming employed in an extensive number of applications, including the
delivery of medications, clinical treatment, and research, in addition to uses in other
areas of academic inquiry that could benefit from their utilisation. This article presents a
thorough analysis of solid lipid nanoparticles, covering subjects such as their goals,
preparation strategy, applications, advantages, and possible remedies for the issues that
have been raised. This review provides a discussion of solid lipids that is both in-depth
and comprehensive. Studies that investigate the manner in which SLNs are prepared
and the routes via which they are administered are typical. Aspects concerning the route
of administration of SLNs as well as the destiny of the carriers in vivo are also
investigated in this paper.
Data-Efficient Computational Pathology Platform for Faster and Cheaper Breast Cancer Subtype Identifications: Development of a Deep Learning Model
Authors: Bae Kideog , Jeon Young Seok , Hwangbo Yul , Yoo Chong Woo , Han Nayoung , Feng Mengling
Published: July 2023

Background

Breast cancer subtyping is a crucial step in determining therapeutic options, but the molecular examination based on immunohistochemical staining is expensive and time-consuming. Deep learning opens up the possibility to predict the subtypes based on the morphological information from hematoxylin and eosin staining, a much cheaper and faster alternative. However, training the predictive model conventionally requires a large number of histology images, which is challenging to collect by a single institute.

Objective

We aimed to develop a data-efficient computational pathology platform, 3DHistoNet, which is capable of learning from z-stacked histology images to accurately predict breast cancer subtypes with a small sample size.

Methods

We retrospectively examined 401 cases of patients with primary breast carcinoma diagnosed between 2018 and 2020 at the Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, South Korea. Pathology slides of the patients with breast carcinoma were prepared according to the standard protocols. Age, gender, histologic grade, hormone receptor (estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR], and androgen receptor [AR]) status, erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (HER2) status, and Ki-67 index were evaluated by reviewing medical charts and pathological records.

Results

The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and decision curve were analyzed to evaluate the performance of our 3DHistoNet platform for predicting the ER, PR, AR, HER2, and Ki67 subtype biomarkers with 5-fold cross-validation. We demonstrated that 3DHistoNet can predict all clinically important biomarkers (ER, PR, AR, HER2, and Ki67) with performance exceeding the conventional multiple instance learning models by a considerable margin (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.75-0.91 vs 0.67-0.8). We further showed that our z-stack histology scanning method can make up for insufficient training data sets without any additional cost incurred. Finally, 3DHistoNet offered an additional capability to generate attention maps that reveal correlations between Ki67 and histomorphological features, which renders the hematoxylin and eosin image in higher fidelity to the pathologist.

Conclusions

Our stand-alone, data-efficient pathology platform that can both generate z-stacked images and predict key biomarkers is an appealing tool for breast cancer diagnosis. Its development would encourage morphology-based diagnosis, which is faster, cheaper, and less error-prone compared to the protein quantification method based on immunohistochemical staining.
User-Centered Design and Evaluation of Clinical Decision Support to Improve Early Peanut Introduction: Formative Study
Authors: Nguyen Thinh Hoang , Cunha Priscila Pereira , Rowland Annabelle Friedman , Orenstein Evan , Lee Tricia , Kandaswamy Swaminathan
Published: July 2023

Background

Peanut allergy has recently become more prevalent. Peanut introduction recommendations have evolved from suggesting peanut avoidance until the age of 3 years to more recent guidelines encouraging early peanut introduction after the Learning Early about Peanut Allergy (LEAP) study in 2015. Guideline adherence is poor, leading to missed care opportunities.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to develop a user-centered clinical decision support (CDS) tool to improve implementation of the most recent early peanut introduction guidelines in the primary care clinic setting.

Methods

We edited the note template of the well-child check (WCC) visits at ages 4 and 6 months with CDS prompts and point-of-care education. Formative and summative usability testing were completed with pediatric residents in a simulated electronic health record (EHR). We estimated task completion rates and perceived usefulness of the CDS in summative testing, comparing a test EHR with and without the CDS.

Results

Formative usability testing with the residents provided qualitative data that led to improvements in the build for both the 4-month and 6-month WCC note templates. During summative usability testing, the CDS tool significantly improved discussion of early peanut introduction at the 4-month WCC visit compared to scenarios without the CDS tool (9/15, 60% with CDS and 0/15, 0% without CDS). All providers except one at the 4-month WCC scenario gave at least an adequate score for the ease of use of the CDS tool for the history of present illness and assessment and plan sections. During the summative usability testing with the 6-month WCC new build note template, providers more commonly provided comprehensive care once obtaining a patient history concerning for an immunoglobulin E–mediated peanut reaction by placing a referral to allergy/immunology (P=.48), prescribing an epinephrine auto-injector (P=.07), instructing on how to avoid peanut products (P<.001), and providing an emergency treatment plan (P=.003) with CDS guidance. All providers gave at least an adequate score for ease of use of the CDS tool in the after-visit summary.

Conclusions

User-centered CDS improved application of early peanut introduction recommendations and comprehensive care for patients who have symptoms concerning for peanut allergy in a simulation.
PROTOTIPO IOT PARA MONITOREAR VARIABLES AGROAMBIENTALES DETERMINANTES EN LA PRODUCTIVIDAD DE FINCAS AGROPECUARIAS
Authors: Arango Trillos Jhon E. , Ramírez Orellano Luís O. , Navarro Pino Darwin , Rincón Pinzón Miguel A.
Published: July 2023

(IoT) es la sigla que describe “Internet Of Things” comúnmente llamado internet de las cosas, es una expresión utilizada para describir la necesidad de conectar todas las cosas (objetos físicos) a la red de internet convirtiéndose en parte fundamental para el desarrollo de las TIC. El propósito de la investigación fue implementar un prototipo IoT para monitorear variables agroambientales esenciales en la productividad de fincas agropecuarias. El desarrollo metodológico se fundamentó en el prototipo evolutivo cuyo objetivo es elaborar un prototipo rápido para hacer pruebas, retroalimentar y posteriormente hacer mejoras hasta afinarlo. Las fases metodológicas fueron: identificación de requerimientos y especificaciones técnicas, planeación y diseño, elaboración del prototipo, pruebas y ajustes. Los resultados de la investigación demostraron la posibilidad de monitorear en tiempo real las variables agroambientales identificadas desde cualquier parte donde haya conectividad, la identificación de los requerimientos técnicos, tecnológicos y de conexión a la red de los sistemas agropecuarios basados en estudios situacionales en la zona. El desarrollo del proyecto demostró la factibilidad y la relevancia que tiene para la mejora de la productividad agropecuaria la aplicación de tecnologías IoT en cada uno de los procesos.
Perspectives from a publishing ethics and research integrity team for required improvements
Authors: Alam Sabina , Wilson Laura
Published: July 2023

It is imperative that all stakeholders within the research ecosystem take responsibility to improve research integrity and reliability of published research. Based on the unique experiences of a specialist publishing ethics and research integrity team within a major publisher, this article provides insights into the observed trends of misconduct and how those have evolved over time, and addresses key actions needed to improve the interface between researchers, funders, institutions and publishers to collectively improve research integrity on a global scale.
Preoperative tractography algorithm for safe resection of tumors located in the descending motor pathways zone
Authors: Ordonez-Rubiano Edgar G. , Johnson Jason M. , Abdalá-Vargas Nadin , Zorro Oscar F. , Marin-Munoz Jorge H. , Álvarez-Tobián Ricardo , Forlizzi Valeria , Rangel Carlos Castillo , Luzzi Sabino , Campero Alvaro , Patiño-Gómez Javier G. , Baldoncini Matias
Published: July 2023

Background:

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography facilitates maximal safe resection and optimizes planning to avoid injury during subcortical dissection along descending motor pathways (DMPs). We provide an affordable, safe, and timely algorithm for preoperative DTI motor reconstruction for gliomas adjacent to DMPs.

Methods:

Preoperative DTI reconstructions were extracted from a prospectively acquired registry of glioma resections adjacent to DMPs. The surgeries were performed over a 7-year period. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data were extracted from patients’ electronic medical records.

Results:

Nineteen patients (12 male) underwent preoperative tractography between January 1, 2013, and May 31, 2020. The average age was 44.5 years (range, 19–81 years). A complete radiological resection was achieved in nine patients, a subtotal resection in five, a partial resection in three, and a biopsy in two. Histopathological diagnoses included 10 patients with high-grade glioma and nine with low-grade glioma. A total of 16 perirolandic locations (10 frontal and six frontoparietal) were recorded, as well as two in the insula and one in the basal ganglia. In 9 patients (47.3%), the lesion was in the dominant hemisphere. The median preoperative and postoperative Karnofsky Performance Scores were 78 and 80, respectively. Motor function was unchanged or improved over time in 15 cases (78.9%).

Conclusion:

This protocol of DTI reconstruction for glioma removal near the DMP shows good results in low-term neurological functional outcomes.
Corporate Governance and Capital Structure: Evidence from Europe
Authors: Ahmed Amanj Mohamed , Ali Muhammad Nawzad , Hágen István
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The objective of this paper is to investigate the association between corporate governance and capital structure.
 
Theoretical framework: Since 1970, when the concept of corporate governance is introduced, the debate on whether it might affect capital structure have been ongoing. It is largely believed that in the real world, when effective cooperate governance adopted, strong capital structure can be achieved. Nonetheless, the experimental evidence reveals a variety of findings on such association.
 
Design/Methodology/Approach: Panel data was collected form annual reports of 42 non-financial listed firms on Frankfort and Oslo stock exchange over the period 2017-2021. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model is utilized to estimate the connection between dependent and independent variables.
 
Findings: The finding shows that BS and AUCS are positively related with the capital structure and the result is significant. With respect to corporate governance, BM and BR with DTA have a negative and significant relationship. CEOC has positive but insignificant connection with DTA. Similarly, insignificant relationship between CEOT and DTA was observed. FS as a control variable has positive association with DTA, whereas the CR related DTA inversely. Despite the fact that, European firms mainly followed with a good corporate governance style if compared with developing countries, the results are still recommended further improvement for the firms in both countries in order to improve the financial position
 
Research, practical & social implications: Future studies should focus on other corporate governance indicators that might affect capital structure significantly. It is also recommended for them to focus on financial firms and make a comparison between financial and non-financial firms.
 
Originality/Value: By providing significant data for the impact of corporate governance on capital structure, this research contributes with existing literature on governance mechanism and management of capital structure. The findings will guide policymakers in various countries in determining the effectiveness of availability corporate governance reforms to enhance the structure of capital.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Powered Virtual Assistants and their Effect on Human Productivity and Laziness: Study on Students of Delhi-NCR (India) & Fujairah (UAE)
Authors: Sabharwal Dhruv , Kabha Robin , Srivastava Kajal
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on decision-making, laziness, and privacy concerns among university students of Delhi NCR (India) and Fujairah (UAE). As AI technologies are increasingly adopted in various sectors, including education, to tackle contemporary challenges, there is a growing investment in AI, projected to reach USD 253.82 million between 2021 and 2025. However, while researchers and institutions worldwide praise the positive role of AI, this study sheds light on the concerns associated with its implementation. This study utilizes a qualitative methodology employing PLS-Smart for data analysis. The primary data was collected from 315 students representing various universities in Delhi NCR (India) and Fujairah (UAE). The sample was drawn using purposive sampling techniques from the population. The findings of the data analysis demonstrate that artificial intelligence (AI) has a significant impact on human decision-making, laziness, and security and privacy concerns. The results indicate that 68.9% of human laziness, 68.6% of personal privacy and security issues, and 27.7% of the loss of decision-making can be attributed to the influence of AI in Delhi and Fujairah. Notably, human laziness emerges as the most affected area due to artificial intelligence..
Kick tolerance control during well drilling in southern Iraqi deep wells
Authors: Al-a'ameri Nagham Jasim
Published: July 2023

The importance of kick tolerance in well operations has recently increased due to its implications in well design, in drilling and well control. To study a simple method for the application of kick tolerance concept in an effective way on the basis of field data, this research purpose is to improve knowledge about Kick Tolerance and represents a technical basis for the discussion on revision of standard procedure.

   The objective of this work is to review and to present a methodology of determination the kick tolerance parameters using the circulation kicks tolerance concepts.

   The proposed method allows to know, to evaluate and to analyze the kick tolerance problem in order to make the drilling execution safer and more economical by reducing the probability to have an incident.

   The calculations of presented methodologies were based upon calculated input values such as ppore and pfrac. and not upon measured leak-off test and RFT (less accurate) input values as in traditional methods. The paper also analyses the calculations not with KT parameters only, but it has continued to give the killing operation procedure to such high pressure high temperature (HPHT) wells.
Permeability Prediction in One of Iraqi Carbonate Reservoir Using Hydraulic Flow Units and Neural Networks
Authors: Alobaidi Dahlia Abdulhadi
Published: July 2023

Permeability determination in Carbonate reservoir is a complex problem, due to their capability to be tight and heterogeneous, also core samples are usually only available for few wells therefore predicting permeability with low cost and reliable accuracy is an important issue, for this reason permeability predictive models become very desirable.

   This paper will try to develop the permeability predictive model for one of  Iraqi carbonate reservoir from core and well log data using the principle of Hydraulic Flow Units (HFUs). HFU is a function of Flow Zone Indicator (FZI) which is a good parameter to determine (HFUs).

   Histogram analysis, probability analysis and Log-Log plot of Reservoir Quality Index (RQI) versus normalized porosity (øz) are presented to identify optimal hydraulic flow units. Four HFUs were distinguished in this study area with good correlation coefficient for each HFU (R2=0.99), therefore permeability can be predicted from porosity accurately if rock type is known.

   Conventional core analysis and well log data were obtained in well 1 and 2 in one of carbonate Iraqi oil field. The relationship between core and well log data was determined by Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in cored wells to develop the predictive model and then was used to develop the flow units prediction to un-cored wells. Finally permeability can be calculated in each HFU using effective porosity and mean FZI in these HFUs. Validation of the models evaluated in a separate cored well (Blind-Test) which exists in the same formation. The results showed that permeability prediction from ANN and HFU matched well with the measured permeability from core data with R2 =0.94 and ARE= 1.04%.
The impact of coworking spaces on workers’ performance, mental and physical health: A scoping review
Authors: Kinsman Natasha , Marris Nicole , Oakman Jodi
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: Utilisation of coworking spaces (CWS) was rising sharply prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The transition to new work arrangements which involve a hybrid, work and home model, is likely to involve the use of alternative workspaces. Understanding the impacts of CWS on employees is timely to examine the benefits of utilisation and how these might be incorporated into new ways of working. This scoping review aims to explore the relationship between CWS, mental and physical health, and workers’ performance, and provide insights into future considerations for design. OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to map the current literature on CWS, focusing on identification of relevant modifiable factors to improve worker’s mental and physical health, and performance. METHOD: Three databases, Embase, PsycInfo, and Proquest, were systematically reviewed, to identify studies from 2005 onwards. Data was extracted and analysed using diagrammatic mapping. Only studies published in English were included. RESULTS: Eleven relevant papers were included which covered the three outcomes of interest: worker’s performance (5), mental health (4) and physical health (2). Environmental factors influencing the three outcomes were categorised into physical environment (12 factors) and the psychosocial environment (6 factors). Overall, CWS environmental factors had a positive influence on workers (23 positive relationships and 11 negative relationships). CONCLUSION: Coworking spaces offer potential benefits for tele-workers, including opportunities for collaboration/networking and productivity gains. However, attention to the CWS physical design is important to optimise the experience for workers and mitigate risk of adverse mental and physical health effects.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN MANAGEMENTOF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT COMPANIES ASSOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Parfentieva Olena
Published: July 2023

The article summarizes the content of methodological approaches and proposes the principles of managing the development of socio-economic systems. Such methodological approaches as functional, systemic, situational, synergistic, project, process, strategic, program-targeted, problem-oriented, adaptive are identified and analyzed. The systematization of methodological approaches in the management of the development of socio-economic systems demonstrates the potential of influence, alternativeness and universality in the application of appropriate methodological approaches of logic and management methods. Alternativeness allows you to form a toolkit of influence on socio-economic systems, embodying different concepts and focusing on achieving the general goal of economic activity, taking into account the context. Universality is considered in relation to the possibility of application in various spheres of economic activity, but assumes differentiation according to the levels of socio-economic systems. Integrity lays down the fundamental principles of managing the development of socio-economic systems and allows us to highlight such basic principles as functionality, systemicity, situationality, synergy, design, processivity, strategicness, holistic orientation, the ability to solve problems, adaptability and reveal their meaning. At the same time, synergy should be understood as the potential ability of the management system to focus on the future. In modern non-stationary conditions and in the conditions of the need to take into account the multi-purpose requirements of the sustainable development of the economy, companies of the transport and logistics sector of the economy should be considered in the context of a systemic approach andpositioned as separate open and complex socio-economic systems and as an element of higher order socio-economic systems, accordingly comply with the specified set of principles in management.
APPLICATION OF DISCRIMINANT MODELS FOR EVALUATING THE PROBABILITY OF BANKRUPTCY ON THE EXAMPLEOF JSC "UKRZALIZNYTSYA"
Authors: Loza Svitlana , Loza Dmytro
Published: July 2023

The purpose of the article is to study the features of the application and approval of foreign and domestic multifactor discriminant models for assessing the probability of bankruptcy on the example of the joint-stock company "Ukrzaliznytsia" in order to determine the level of their reliability and justify the possibilities of their practical use.A comparative analysis of discriminant models developed by foreign and domestic scientists was conducted. The leading indicators of assessing the probability of bankruptcy of the joint-stockcompany "Ukrzaliznytsia" were calculated using the models of E.Altman, R.Lees, G.Springate, R. Tuffler, G.Tishou, V.Biver, O.Tereshchenko, O.Matviychuk.The models chosen for analysis generally assess the enterprise's financial state with a reasonably high degree of accuracy, which is a determining factor in anti-crisis management. A comparative analysis of the financial condition of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia" for the years 2018-2020 and the results of assessing the probability of bankruptcy with the helpof the researched discriminant models of foreign and domestic scientists showed that the most reliable result, which reflects the actual state of the enterprise, obtained according to the coefficient of V.Beaver and the models of R.Tuffler and G.Tishou, O.Tereshchenko.While researching the possibilities of using various multifactorial discriminant models, it was established that their main advantage is the express diagnosis of the enterprise's financial state based on a limited group of indicators to promptly identify the threat of bankruptcy. It was found that the studied models also have certain shortcomings. However, despite the identified shortcomings, using multivariate discriminant models to assess the probability of bankruptcy allows us to monitor changes in the enterprise's financial condition. Improving and developing new models for diagnosing a crisis state and assessing the probability of bankruptcy of enterprises, searching for and substantiating optimal factors to adapt already developed discriminatory models and increase their reliability remains a relevant direction of further research.
MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE ACTIVITIES OF MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Konieva Iryna
Published: July 2023

The economic essence of such categories as «management», «financial resources»and «financial support»in the medical field was studied, which allowed us to generalize the main characteristics inherent in them. Certain characteristic features of financial support, which are specific to medical institutions in order to maintain their effective activity and further development, are considered.The original provisions of the Concept of the reform of the financing of the health care system, adopted in 2017, which played a key role in the reform of the medical industry, were considered. An analysis of the financing system of health care institutions was carried out, starting from 2018 (transition period) until 2021.It was determined that the goal of financial support is the formation of a new model of financing health care institutions, which is determined by transparent state guarantees of providing free medical care to citizens, improving the financial protection of the population in case of illness, effective and fair distribution and use of public funds and reducing informal payments, application incentives for improving the quality of providing medical services to citizens by medical institutions of all forms of ownership. Therefore, the problem of improving the process of managing the financial support of medical institutions is the most urgent.The positive consequences of the medical reform have been proven, namely: medical institutions apply market principles of functioning; use methods of rational management of financial flows (incoming and outgoing); the autonomy of medical institutions and the possibility of self-sufficiency and self-financing, obtaining the status of an enterprise, are increasing; the effectiveness of medical institutions increases due to market orientation, purposefulness and responsibility for their activities; the institution's competitive advantages increase.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В СИСТЕМІ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ДЕРЖАВИ
Authors: Мельник Степан , Франчук Василь
Published: July 2023

Метою дослідження є аналіз забезпечення економічної безпеки держави в системі підвищення рівня конкурентоспроможності на міжнародній арені. Доведено важливість дослідження ключових аспектів забезпечення економічної безпеки держави в системі підвищення рівня конкурентоспроможності. Визначено, що економічна безпека держави є одним з найважливіших компонентів національної безпеки, адже саме вона стає міцним фундаментом підтримання самобутності країни, її історичної та культурної спадщини. Встановлено ключові показники в рамках безпекового економічного розвитку України, які впливають на підвищення рівня конкурентоспроможності держави. Представлено динаміку показників, що здійснюють вплив на безпекове середовище в рамках підвищення рівня конкурентоспроможності. Сформовано схему основних аспекти підвищення рівня конкурентоспроможності економіки держави через заходи безпеки.
PENGARUH KOMBINASI YOGA DAN AROMA TERAPI LAVENDER TERHADAP TINGKAT NYERI DISMENORE PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN SUMATERA THAWALIB PARABEK
Authors: Zuraida Zuraida , Keta Dania Pumi
Published: July 2023

Di Indonesia pada tahun 2017, sebesar 54,89% dismenore primer dan 9,36% dismenore sekunder. Dismenore yang dialami oleh remaja putri adalah kurangnya gerak dan kurang melakukan aktivitas fisik di Pondok Pesantren Sumatera Thawalib Parabek Bukittinggi. Berbagai terapi telah digunakan untuk mengurangi nyeri dismenore seperti pemberian kombinasi yoga dan aromaterapi lavender. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasy Eksperiment dengan desain OneGroup Pre-Test-Post-Test yang dilakukan di Pondok Pesantren Sumatera Thawalib Parabek Bukittinggi pada bulan April 2020. Populasi semua remaja putri kelas 2 berjumlah 80 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling yang berjumlah 16 orang. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan lembar observasi. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji statistik t-test dependen.. Terdapat pengaruh kombinasi yoga dan aromaterapi lavender terhadap tingkat nyeri dismenore pada remaja putri (p value = 0,000) Berpedoman pada hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh kombinasi yoga dan aromaterapi lavender terhadap tingkat nyeri dismenore pada remaja putri, maka diharapkan kepada pihak pondok pesantren hendaknya melakukan kerja sama dengan tenaga kesehatan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai dismenore yang sebaiknya diberikan sejak dini agar menambah pengetahuan para siswa terutama remaja putri dalam mengatasi dismenore pada saat menstruasi secara non farmakologis.
PERBEDAAN KADAR HB REMAJA PUTRI PADA PEMBERIAN KACANG HIJAU (VIGNA RADIATA) DAN KACANG MERAH (VIGNA ANGVIARIS)
Authors: Sari Novi Wulan , Rahyuda Enni
Published: July 2023

Menurut data Riskesdas, 2018 prevalensi anemia di Indonesia Khususnya pada Remaja usia 14-25 tahun sebesar 48,9%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektifitas kadar hemoglobin remaja putri pada pemberian Kacang Hijau dan Kacang Merah di SMP Negeri 4 Kota Bukittinggi Tahun 2020 Desain penelitian quasi-eksperimen dengan rancangan two group pretest postest. Terdiri dari dua kelompok intervensi, kelompok I Kacang Hijau dan Kelompok II Kacang Merah. Penelitian ini dilakukan Juni2020 di SMPN 4 Kota Bukittinggi. Popuasi adalah siswi Kelas VIII yang Anemia berjumlah 51 orang. Sampel berjumlah 10 orang diambil dengan purposive samping. Analisa data menggunakan uji paired t-test dan independen t-test. Hasil univariat diketahui rerata kadar Hb remaja putri sebelum (pretest) intervensi kelompok I adalah 10,56 gr/dl (anemia ringan ) dan sebelum pemberian intervensi kacang merah 10,32 gr/dl (anemia ringan) sedangkan rerata kadar Hb remaja putri setelah (postest) intervensi kelompok II adalah 12,16 normal (p-value) = 0,001 dan sesudah pemberian intervensi kacang merah menjadi 12.00 gr/dl normal (P-value) =0,002. Disimpulkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kadar Hb remaja putri pada pemberian kacang hijau dan kacang merah. Diharapkan pihak puskesmas untuk melakukan sosialisasi dan memantau di sekolah dan melakukan pemeriksaan Hb.
Question of local exploitation of copper ore deposits in the Urnfield time in Poland
Authors: Nowak K. , Stolarczyk T. , Stos-Gale Z. , Baron J. , Derkowska K. , Derkowski P. , Miazga B. , Woodhead J. , Karasiński J. , Maas R.
Published: July 2023

Despite rich deposits of copper in SW Poland, their exploitation in prehistory has not been confirmed, and in the literature it is usually argued that raw materials processed in the Bronze Age were imported. This is despite the same area providing abundant evidence of prehistoric metallurgy including casting moulds, tuyeres or crucibles. The concentration of prehistoric sites in parts of the Sudety Mountains (in particular a region called Pogórze Kaczawskie) rich in copper ores and far from arable land may also indicate prehistoric prospection activities in this area in the search for raw materials. In this paper, we discuss the issue of the provenance of the metal used in SW Poland, an area where metallurgy-related items dated to the Urnfield period (ca. 1300–500/450 BC) are most numerous. Our study utilises historical evidence of pre-modern mining, GIS analysis of prehistoric sites, and lead isotopic analyses conducted on bronze (n=35) and lead (n=1) artefacts found near the copper outcrops in Silesia, and compared with European lead isotope databases. The lead isotopic data for the Zechstein Limestone (Ca1) ores from a local mine and modern black copper from blast furnaces at Leszczyna and Chełmiec in SW Poland were also analysed as reference data (n=6). Our research demonstrates that metal objects in SW Poland were made of copper obtained from various parts of Europe confirming intense contacts of the Urnfield communities but the lead ornaments were sourced from material of local origin providing the first evidence for the provenance of Polish lead.
Recent progress on action and regulation of anorexigenic adipokine leptin
Authors: Nakagawa Tadashi , Hosoi Toru
Published: July 2023

Organismal energy balance is controlled by inter-tissue communication mediated by the nervous system and hormones, the disruption of which causes metabolic syndrome exemplified by diabetes and obesity. Fat-storing adipose tissue, especially those located in subcutaneous white adipose tissue, secretes leptin in a proportion of fat mass, inhibiting the accumulation of organismal fat by suppressing appetite and promoting energy expenditure. With a prevalence of obesity that exhibits hyperleptinemia, most of the investigation on leptin has been focused on how it works and how it does not, which is expected to be a clue for treating obesity. In contrast, how it is synthesized, transported, and excreted, all of which are relevant to the homeostasis of blood leptin concentration, are not much understood. Of note, acute leptin reduction after hyperleptinemia in the context of obesity exhibited a beneficial effect on obesity and insulin sensitivity, indicating that manipulation of circulating leptin level may provide a therapeutic strategy. Technological advances such as “omics” analysis combined with sophisticated gene-engineered mice studies in the past decade enabled a deeper understanding of leptin’s action in more detail. Here, we summarize the updated understanding of the action as well as regulation of leptin and point out the emerging direction of research on leptin.
Genome-wide association study of drought tolerance traits in sugar beet germplasms at the seedling stage
Authors: Li Wangsheng , Lin Ming , Li Jiajia , Liu Dali , Tan Wenbo , Yin Xilong , Zhai Yan , Zhou Yuanhang , Xing Wang
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Sugar beets are an important crop for global sugar production. Intense drought and the increasing lack of water resources pose a great threat to sugar beet cultivation. It is a priority to investigate favourable germplasms and functional genes to improve the breeding of drought tolerant plants.

Methods: Thus, in this study, 328 sugar beet germplasms were used in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and candidate genes associated with drought tolerance.

Results: The results showed that under drought stress (9% PEG-6000), there were 11 significantly associated loci on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9 from the 108946 SNPs filtered using a mixed linear model (MLM). Genome-wide association analysis combined with qRT-PCR identified 13 genes that were significantly differentially expressed in drought-tolerant extreme materials.

Discussion: These candidate genes mainly exhibited functions such as regulating sugar metabolism, maintaining internal environmental stability and participating in photosystem repair. This study provides valuable information for exploring the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance and improvement in sugar beet.
Evaluation of humoral immune response in relation to COVID-19 severity over 1 year post-infection: critical cases higher humoral immune response than mild cases
Authors: Bang Mi-Seon , Kim Choon-Mee , Cho Nam-Hyuk , Seo Jun-Won , Kim Da Young , Yun Na Ra , Kim Dong-Min
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2. We investigated the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 until 1 year after symptom onset.

Methods

We collected 314 serum samples from 97 patients with COVID-19. Antibody responses were tested using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) to detect specific neutralizing antibodies.

Results

The positivity rates for neutralizing antibodies at a 1:10 titer cutoff were 58.1% at 1 week, 97.8% at 4 weeks, and 78% at 1 year after symptom onset (53.8% in asymptomatic patients and 89.3% in symptomatic patients). The IFA and anti-S1 ELISA IgG results significantly correlated with neutralizing antibody titers. Critical/fatal cases showed significantly higher antibody titers than the asymptomatic or mild-to-moderate illness groups. Nonetheless, the median number of days to the seroconversion of neutralizing antibodies was 10 and 15 in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, respectively. The asymptomatic group had a significantly higher neutralizing potency index than the mild-to-severe illness groups.

Conclusions

Neutralizing antibodies corresponded to earlier seroconversion but had a shorter presence in the asymptomatic group than in the symptomatic group and were still present 1 year after symptom onset in critical/fatal cases.
Unveiling tumor immune evasion mechanisms: abnormal expression of transporters on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Chen Lu , Wang Yuchen , Hu Qingqing , Liu Yuxi , Qi Xuchen , Tang Zhihua , Hu Haihong , Lin Nengming , Zeng Su , Yu Lushan
Published: July 2023

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a crucial driving factor for tumor progression and it can hinder the body’s immune response by altering the metabolic activity of immune cells. Both tumor and immune cells maintain their proliferative characteristics and physiological functions through transporter-mediated regulation of nutrient acquisition and metabolite efflux. Transporters also play an important role in modulating immune responses in the TME. In this review, we outline the metabolic characteristics of the TME and systematically elaborate on the effects of abundant metabolites on immune cell function and transporter expression. We also discuss the mechanism of tumor immune escape due to transporter dysfunction. Finally, we introduce some transporter-targeted antitumor therapeutic strategies, with the aim of providing new insights into the development of antitumor drugs and rational drug usage for clinical cancer therapy.
Genus-wide genomic characterization of Macrococcus: insights into evolution, population structure, and functional potential
Authors: Carroll Laura M. , Pierneef Rian , Mafuna Thendo , Magwedere Kudakwashe , Matle Itumeleng
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Macrococcus species have been isolated from a range of mammals and mammal-derived food products. While they are largely considered to be animal commensals, Macrococcus spp. can be opportunistic pathogens in both veterinary and human clinical settings. This study aimed to provide insight into the evolution, population structure, and functional potential of the Macrococcus genus, with an emphasis on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence potential.

Methods

All high-quality, publicly available Macrococcus genomes (n = 104, accessed 27 August 2022), plus six South African genomes sequenced here (two strains from bovine clinical mastitis cases and four strains from beef products), underwent taxonomic assignment (using four different approaches), AMR determinant detection (via AMRFinderPlus), and virulence factor detection (using DIAMOND and the core Virulence Factor Database).

Results

Overall, the 110 Macrococcus genomes were of animal commensal, veterinary clinical, food-associated (including food spoilage), and environmental origins; five genomes (4.5%) originated from human clinical cases. Notably, none of the taxonomic assignment methods produced identical results, highlighting the potential for Macrococcus species misidentifications. The most common predicted antimicrobial classes associated with AMR determinants identified across Macrococcus included macrolides, beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides (n = 81, 61, and 44 of 110 genomes; 73.6, 55.5, and 40.0%, respectively). Genes showing homology to Staphylococcus aureus exoenzyme aureolysin were detected across multiple species (using 90% coverage, n = 40 and 77 genomes harboring aureolysin-like genes at 60 and 40% amino acid [AA] identity, respectively). S. aureus Panton-Valentine leucocidin toxin-associated lukF-PV and lukS-PV homologs were identified in eight M. canis genomes (≥40% AA identity, >85% coverage). Using a method that delineates populations using recent gene flow (PopCOGenT), two species (M. caseolyticus and M. armenti) were composed of multiple within-species populations. Notably, M. armenti was partitioned into two populations, which differed in functional potential (e.g., one harbored beta-lactamase family, type II toxin-antitoxin system, and stress response proteins, while the other possessed a Type VII secretion system; PopCOGenT p < 0.05).

Discussion

Overall, this study leverages all publicly available Macrococcus genomes in addition to newly sequenced genomes from South Africa to identify genomic elements associated with AMR or virulence potential, which can be queried in future experiments.
Aspergillus niger as a cell factory for the production of pyomelanin, a molecule with UV-C radiation shielding activity
Authors: Koch Stella Marie , Freidank-Pohl Carsten , Siontas Oliver , Cortesao Marta , Mota Afonso , Runzheimer Katharina , Jung Sascha , Rebrosova Katarina , Siler Martin , Moeller Ralf , Meyer Vera
Published: July 2023

Melanins are complex pigments with various biological functions and potential applications in space exploration and biomedicine due to their radioprotective properties. Aspergillus niger, a fungus known for its high radiation resistance, is widely used in biotechnology and a candidate for melanin production. In this study, we investigated the production of fungal pyomelanin (PyoFun) in A. niger by inducing overproduction of the pigment using L-tyrosine in a recombinant ΔhmgA mutant strain (OS4.3). The PyoFun pigment was characterized using three spectroscopic methods, and its antioxidant properties were assessed using a DPPH-assay. Additionally, we evaluated the protective effect of PyoFun against non-ionizing radiation (monochromatic UV-C) and compared its efficacy to a synthetically produced control pyomelanin (PyoSyn). The results confirmed successful production of PyoFun in A. niger through inducible overproduction. Characterization using spectroscopic methods confirmed the presence of PyoFun, and the DPPH-assay demonstrated its strong antioxidant properties. Moreover, PyoFun exhibited a highly protective effect against radiation-induced stress, surpassing the protection provided by PyoSyn. The findings of this study suggest that PyoFun has significant potential as a biological shield against harmful radiation. Notably, PyoFun is synthesized extracellularly, differing it from other fungal melanins (such as L-DOPA- or DHN-melanin) that require cell lysis for pigment purification. This characteristic makes PyoFun a valuable resource for biotechnology, biomedicine, and the space industry. However, further research is needed to evaluate its protective effect in a dried form and against ionizing radiation.
Connectome-based predictive modeling of smoking severity using individualized structural covariance network in smokers
Authors: Wang Weijian , Kang Yimeng , Niu Xiaoyu , Zhang Zanxia , Li Shujian , Gao Xinyu , Zhang Mengzhe , Cheng Jingliang , Zhang Yong
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Abnormal interactions among distributed brain systems are implicated in the mechanisms of nicotine addiction. However, the relationship between the structural covariance network, a measure of brain connectivity, and smoking severity remains unclear. To fill this gap, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between structural covariance network and smoking severity in smokers.

Methods

A total of 101 male smokers and 51 male non-smokers were recruited, and they underwent a T1-weighted anatomical image scan. First, an individualized structural covariance network was derived via a jackknife-bias estimation procedure for each participant. Then, a data-driven machine learning method called connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) was conducted to infer smoking severity measured with Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores using an individualized structural covariance network. The performance of CPM was evaluated using the leave-one-out cross-validation and a permutation testing.

Results

As a result, CPM identified the smoking severity-related structural covariance network, as indicated by a significant correlation between predicted and actual FTND scores (r = 0.23, permutation p = 0.020). Identified networks comprised of edges mainly located between the subcortical–cerebellum network and networks including the frontoparietal default model and motor and visual networks.

Discussion

These results identified smoking severity-related structural covariance networks and provided a new insight into the neural underpinnings of smoking severity.