bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethics after Liberalism
Authors: Shinko Rosemary E.
Published: May 2010

This article pursues two trajectories of investigation: one which explores how the construct of autonomy shorn of its liberal sovereign inheritances could serve as a resource for creative enactments of ‘the political’; and the other, which takes up the problematic aspects of the absence of the body in current International Relations scholarship. It will be argued that a relational version of autonomy is what enables and sustains the shift from an ethic centred on liberal atomistic selves to an ethics of engagement between self and other. Engagement, however, involves bodily enactments and, pace Shapiro, the willingness to be afflicted by the performance of the other. Thus the crucial aspect of the body that we must consider is how we might begin to theorise the body as a surface for the resistance of sovereign power that not only operates to individuate and separate but to render docile and disciplined. In the global war on terror, sovereign power’s exercise has reached its most abstract levels yet, as bodies are disappeared within increasingly technologised and biologised forms of war. Abstraction is the key technique that sovereign power wields over fleshy, material bodies and it is our responsibility to stop empowering sovereign power by driving the discourse into ever more abstract lines of argumentation while losing site of the primary resource we wield in this struggle, the creative and relationally autonomous body.
Democracy Promotion
Authors: Miller Benjamin
Published: May 2010

The objective of this article is to develop a novel distinction among four IR approaches and especially to highlight the approach which will be called here ‘offensive liberalism’. This four fold division is based not only on a distinction between realism and liberalism, but also on an internal division inside each camp between offensive and defensive approaches. Indeed, besides the distinction between offensive and defensive realism, there is also an overlooked parallel distinction between offensive and defensive liberalism. As I will show, this distinction goes deeper and has lasted much longer than the recent debate on the neoconservative agenda during the Bush presidency. While sharing the same liberal objectives, offensive and defensive liberals diverge sharply in the means they are willing to deploy to advance these objectives, especially the use of force to democratise non-democratic societies. I evaluate the advantages and the shortcomings of each approach as an avenue to fulfilling a durable world or regional peace and security. Each approach has some appeal but also major disadvantages. I will examine what the different perspectives suggest on the road to accomplishing security and peace. I will also briefly contrast the liberal and realist approaches with some constructivist ideas on peace. Finally, in order to clarify the differences among the four approaches, I apply their logic to a concrete issue, which led to major debates recently: democracy promotion and regime change by the leading superpower — the US. Thus, I open the discussion in this article by presenting the variations of ideal-type strategies towards regime change and conclude the article by linking these strategies and relevant examples to the approaches.
The Liberal Order and the Modern Project
Authors: Dunne Tim
Published: May 2010

A persistent struggle within liberal thought is how to recognise cultural particularity within an ethical system in which toleration does not become indifference. The liberal internationalism espoused by leading US-based authors assumes a single logic of modernity, in which adherence to liberal rules and institutions is both necessary and inevitable. The article finds an echo of this view in earlier English School work on the expansion of international society, and subsequently teases out some lessons from recent revisionist accounts of how international society and its institutions were shaped by the multiplicity of their interactions. Historical and cultural encounters in international society show that liberal internationalists are mistaken in their belief that there is only one pathway to modernity and that re-rising powers, such as India, Russia and China will sustain the liberal order after American hegemonic decline.
An Ionic Polymer Bead-supported Lipid System Using Naturally Occurring Phospholipids
Authors: Osei-Asante Samuel , Haratake Mamoru , Fuchigami Takeshi , Nakayama Morio
Published: May 2010

Spherically supported bilayer membranes on cationic polymer beads were prepared from naturally occurring phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS)). The amount of phospholipids bound to the cationic polymer beads from the liposomal suspensions of various lipid compositions increased with increases in anionic PS. Confocal fluorescence microscopic observations with a fluorescence membrane probe indicated that the phospholipid molecules in the phospholipid-bead complexes were along the surface of the beads. Negatively charged trypan blue dye was preferably bound to the phospholipid-free beads by electrostatic attractive interaction, but was excluded from the phospholipid-bead complexes due to the bilayer membrane structure formed on the beads. This method could provide a better mimetic of biological membranes in comparison to physically unstable conventional liposomes.
Intimate Partner Violence, Depression, and Alcohol Use Among a Sample of Foreign-Born Southeast Asian Women in an Urban Setting in the United States
Authors: Wong Frank Y. , DiGangi Julia , Young Darwin , Huang Z. Jennifer , Smith Brian D. , John Don
Published: May 2010

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious global public health issue. At least one in three women worldwide has been beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused during her lifetime. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, more than three women in the United States die every day from physical abuse suffered at the hands of an intimate partner. IPV is defined as violence that occurs within the private sphere, generally between individuals who are related through intimacy, blood, or law. When perpetrated against women, IPV is generally understood to include physical, sexual, and psychological abuse by intimate male partners.
Abuses Against Older Women: Prevalence and Health Effects
Authors: Fisher Bonnie S. , Zink Therese , Regan Saundra L.
Published: May 2010

A clinical sample of 995 community dwelling women aged 55 and older were surveyed by telephone about their experience with psychological/ emotional, control, threat, physical, and sexual abuse. Nearly half of the women experienced at least one type of abuse since turning 55. Sizable proportions were victims of repeated abuse, and many experienced co-occurring abuse. Women who experienced any type of abuse were more likely to self-report negative health effects than those who were not abused. Health care and social service providers should routinely screen older women for psychological/emotional abuse at it often co-occurs with more severe forms of abuse.
Disentangling the Relationship Between Child Maltreatment and Violent Delinquency: Using a Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: Yun Ilhong , Ball Jeremy D. , Hyeyoung Lim
Published: May 2010

This study uses the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents (Add Health) data, a nationally representative sample of adolescents, to disentangle the relationship between child maltreatment and violent delinquency. Also examined are potential moderating effects of gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and religiosity on the association between child maltreatment and violent delinquency. Contrary to prior research findings, the current analyses reveal that physical abuse is not associated with future violent delinquency, whereas sexual abuse and neglect predict violent delinquency significantly. The current study also did not reveal any moderating effects of gender, SES, and religiosity on the association between maltreatment and violent delinquency. Interpretations of these findings are presented, drawing on the properties of the national probability sample compared to the findings of most prior studies that used localized samples.
The Relationship Between Women’s Response Effectiveness and a History of Sexual Victimization
Authors: Yeater Elizabeth A. , McFall Richard M. , Viken Richard J.
Published: May 2010

This study evaluated the effects of a sexual victimization history and the contextual features of sexual activity and alcohol use on the effectiveness of women’s responses to 44 written vignettes describing diverse dating and social situations. One hundred and one undergraduate women reported their history of sexual victimization and provided written descriptions of how they would respond to each vignette. Experts in the sexual violence research area then evaluated the effectiveness of these responses in decreasing risk of having an unwanted sexual experience, meaning one in which the woman is verbally or physically coerced into having sexual contact of any kind with a man. Results revealed that past victimization moderated the influence of the situations’ contextual features on women’s response effectiveness. Specifically, as the presence of sexual activity increased in the situations, the response effectiveness of more severely victimized women increased less than nonvictimized women. In addition, as the presence of alcohol increased in the situations the response effectiveness of more severely victimized women decreased more than that of nonvictimized women.
Resiliency to Victimization: The Role of Genetic Factors
Authors: Beaver Kevin M. , Mancini Christina , DeLisi Matt , Vaughn Michael G.
Published: May 2010

There is a burgeoning line of criminological research examining the genetic underpinnings to a wide array of antisocial phenotypes. From this perspective, genes are typically viewed as risk factors that increase the odds of various maladaptive behaviors. However, genes can also have protective effects that insulate against the deleterious effects of environmental pathogens. The authors use this logic as a springboard to examine whether four different genes protect against victimization in a sample of youths determined to be at risk for being victimized. Analysis of data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) revealed that certain genetic polymorphisms protected adolescents from victimization. The authors conclude by discussing the complex ways in which genes and the environment can promote resiliency to victimization.
Response Rates and Data Quality in Web and Mail Surveys Administered to PhD Holders
Authors: Barrios Maite , Villarroya Anna , Borrego Ángel , Ollé Candela
Published: May 2010

Despite the extensive use of web surveys today, there are certain methodological factors related to participant cooperation and data quality, which remain unclear and require further study. Here, the authors compare responses to a survey administered in two formats—electronic or by post—in terms of overall response rate and the quality of the data collected. Web and mail questionnaires were sent to a sample of 572 PhD holders, asking them about aspects related to their academic career and personal and family data to investigate the factors that determine scientific productivity. The web questionnaire elicited a significantly higher response rate than the mail questionnaire. Response rates did not differ between males and females; however, topic salience had an effect on the response rate. Finally, data quality was higher in web surveys than in the mail surveys, with fewer overall errors, fewer missing items, and longer responses in open-ended questions.
Part D Resources for Pharmacists
Authors: Armor Becky L.
Published: May 2010

Despite the existence of Part D plans for over 3 years, pharmacists continue navigating barriers to life-saving medications in the Medicare population. The following patient case illustrates the challenges pharmacists face in dealing with the complexity of Medicare Part D.
Herbs and Other Dietary Supplements
Authors: Mathes Angelo , Bellanger Renee
Published: May 2010

Herbal preparations are sold as dietary supplements in the United States and are subject to the rules and regulations of various health care and economic government agencies that monitor the sale of these products. One approach to assessing the usefulness of these substances is to focus on one particular disease state and then review both the primary literature and expert opinion. The common cold is an important illness due to its recurring nature, the number of people it afflicts, and its economic impact on patients. Dietary supplements have been shown to decrease the duration, the severity, and the frequency of symptoms of the common cold. The most commonly available supplements are zinc, ginseng, echinacea, and vitamin C. Data from expert opinion suggested that certain supplements are more beneficial than others to maintain one’s health during episodes of the common cold. Expert opinion regarding the use of dietary supplements in other related infectious respiratory illnesses, such as the flu, when aggregated with expert opinion findings regarding the common cold were not contradictory. The primary literature provided insights into specific dosages and compounds that may be used in practice.
Out of Africa: Accounting for refugee policy and the language of causal attribution
Authors: Hanson-Easey Scott , Augoustinos Martha
Published: May 2010

The words of political elites have the potential to play a significant role in the constitution and proliferation of racist discourse, especially when this discourse has the nuanced linguistic characteristics of ‘new racism’. This article examines the political rhetoric deployed in the articulation and defence of contentious government policy on Sudanese humanitarian refugee quotas in media interviews. Utilizing critical discourse analysis, we analyse a corpus of seven political interviews and identify a number of pervasive discursive features. These include descriptions, categories and multidimensional causal narratives that characterize the Sudanese as young, violent (i.e. gang members) and uneducated; the construction of ‘culture as cause’ narrative; and the differential orientation to the term race. Through our analysis, we show how causal inference and category description function multifariously in political discourse, contending with situated issues of policy justification, accusations of racism and the allocation of blame which exclusively rests with African refugees. The role of causal formulations in racist discourse is discussed.
Analyzing traditional medical practitioners’ information-seeking behaviour using Taylor’s information-use environment model
Authors: Olatokun Wole Michael , Ajagbe Enitan
Published: May 2010

This survey-based study examined the information-seeking behaviour of traditional medical practitioners using Taylor’s information use model. Respondents comprised all 160 traditional medical practitioners that treat sickle cell anaemia. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire. Frequency and percentage distributions were employed for data analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Analysis revealed that traditional medical practice in the study area was male dominated and the majority of the traditional medical practitioners seek information primarily from informal sources, particularly from colleagues within the same professional association. Knowledge of traditional medical practice was revealed to be orally preserved. The low level of education of the traditional medical practitioners denied them access to knowledge that could improve and make their services in the treatment/management of sickle cell anaemia more relevant to the health needs of Nigerian society. Traditional medical practitioners have some good advice for the holistic care of sickle cell anaemia but their information and communication system is very dependent on ‘what works, in some situations’ moving upwards to the experts, and the associations, who then pass this on to other practitioners who may have specific queries. If the associations could actively collect information about the practices of their members, and subject them to some open debate, then good practice might drive out less effective practices faster — and the associations would be in a better situation and have a basis to ‘accredit’ and help train junior traditional medical practitioners. There is therefore a need to bring the traditional medical practitioners into the mainstream by providing them with proper training, facilities and back-up for referral.
Remembering Old and New Rulers
Authors: Berto Luigi Andrea
Published: May 2010

This article aims at analysing how the chroniclers of Carolingian Italy (774–875) perceived the Franks and the previous rulers, the Lombards (569–774), and what role the ancient past had in the more recent history of Italy. For this period and this part of Italy, there are just two chronicles: the anonymous Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani and the Historia of Andreas of Bergamo. These texts are the only historical works produced in Carolingian Italy and were composed in two extremely relevant periods: at the beginning and at the end of the Carolingian rule in Italy, respectively. Their relevance also lies in that they express distinct points of view, as the author of the Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani was probably a member of King Pippin’s court, while Andreas of Bergamo did not belong to any official circle. In two completely different manners, both emphasised acceptance of the Carolingian rule as well as a proud attachment to their Lombard origins.
Saracens
Authors: Saurma-Jeltsch Lieselotte E.
Published: May 2010

In literature and visual arts, the term ‘Saracen’ characterises all human beings not belonging to the corpus Christianorum. It describes total other-ness and changing images of the enemy, even the enemy within one’s own society, such as the heretic. Though Saracens are regarded as adversaries, their image remains ambivalent and oscillates between admiration and horror. A wide range of elements of prejudice can be combined to create differing clusters. In contrast to these changing ‘images’ of Saracens, the persistent use over a long time period of nearly the same stereotypes in the visual arts is astonishing. Within the framework of European art, painters were not interested in portraying Muslims before the fifteenth-century. So, most pictures show different aspects of an imagined East. This article will discuss various versions of these distinct models of Saracens in late medieval image production in order to present the range of interpretations in the light of the context, patrons and recipients of visual representations.
Archers of Islam
Authors: Jandora John W.
Published: May 2010

The extant record of the Islamic conquests of Arabia and the Fertile Crescent (mid-seventh century AD) are composite accounts that portray an inconsistent, if plausible, picture of events. Images of meagre resources and stronger foes contrast with images of cavalry actions and ‘free-wheeling’ methods of battlefield engagement. The challenges with the main sources are that they are anachronistic and their authors write salvation history, not military history. Source criticism, although essential, is inadequate to reconstruct the military methods of the early Islamic state. This article examines the seams and layers of the Arabic works and considers the evidence of artifacts and external literary sources. It indicates that early battlefield successes should be attributed to the employment of foot archers in tight formations. The image and importance of horse-archer tactics remain valid—but only for a later period of Islamic history.
Growth of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in India
Authors: Palit Amitendu
Published: May 2010

Zones are popular instruments in developing countries for pursuing export-led growth strategies. Developing countries have built zones as models for selective policy applications and for easier integration into the world economy. India is not an exception. However, the recent Special Economic Zones (SEZs) that have come up following the SEZ Act of 2005 have created several controversies. These include concerns over accentuation of economic divides and industrial relocation. This article examines the rationale behind zone-based growth strategies and studies the international evidence on zones. It also looks closely at India’s earlier and current experience with zones. It finds that India’s new SEZs are following specific locational patterns on account of discriminatory incentive structures that are also inducing distinct product-orientations in these zones.
Index of Drinking Water Adequacy (IDWA) for the States of India
Authors: K.E. Seetharam , Rao Bhanoji
Published: May 2010

The Index of Drinking Water Adequacy (IDWA) was first introduced in the Asian Water and Development Outlook 2007, a report issued by the Asian Development Bank. The computation of the index (more recently christened IDWA-I) calls for data on five different parameters—resources, capacity, access, quality and use. For 28 Indian states, we could manage to obtain data on four parameters (resources, access, capacity and quality) and for an additional 15 states on ‘use’ also. All data refer to 2001 or years close to that. Access, however, has two variants—general access that refers to access to water via taps, hand pumps and tube wells; and ‘optimal access’ via taps within residential premises. The two variants provide the basis for computing IDWA-I and IDWA-II. Inter-relationships between the two and between them and a couple of development indicators are also explored and implications noted. It is gratifying to note from the inter-correlations that there is really no second best to a tap in a house when it comes to human development.
Commercial Development and Conservation Value
Authors: Becker Nir , Lavee Doron
Published: May 2010

As pressures mount to develop intensive business operations along a coastline prized for its natural beauty, varied plant and wildlife and archeological sites, it is important to present decision makers with a full analysis of all values associated with the area. In this study, we examine whether the benefits of business development along the Rosh Haniqra Marine Reserve in northern Israel indeed outweigh the costs of potential damages to the region’s delicate natural balance. The analysis of business value was carried out on the basis of a detailed survey of facilities operating within the proposed reserve area and assessment of their expansion plans. The non-market benefits associated with conservation of the reserve were estimated according to two independent methods—Contingent Valuation (CVM) and Travel Cost (TCM). Our analysis reveals that under certain assumptions, non-market values of the coastline are higher than its commercial value. Thus, while further analysis is required to investigate the interaction between the number of visitors and the ecological performance of the site, it may already now be concluded that the preservation value is quite significant and should be taken into account in development plans for the region.
Inspections of Hand Washing Supplies and Hand Sanitizer in Public Schools
Authors: Ramos Mary M. , Blea Mary , Trujillo Rebecca , Greenberg Cynthia
Published: May 2010

Hand washing and hand antisepsis are proven infection control measures in the school setting, yet barriers such as lack of soap, paper towels, and hand sanitizer can hinder compliance. This pilot study measured the prevalence of hand cleaning supplies in public schools. Ten school districts (93 schools) participated in school nurse inspections. In November 2008, 90 schools (97%) reported their inspection results. Among 697 total bathrooms, 88.8% had soap and 91.7% had paper towels or hand dryers. Hand sanitizer was reported in 1.2% of bathrooms and 15.2% of cafeterias. No difference was observed between boys' and girls' bathrooms, or primary and secondary schools, in the prevalence of soap or paper towels/hand dryers. Hand washing supplies were generally available in public school bathrooms. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer in school bathrooms was reported occasionally and should be discouraged. Hand sanitizer in a supervised setting, the school cafeteria, was not often reported and should be promoted.
Epithelioid Sarcoma With Heterotopic Bone: A Morphologic Review of 4 Cases
Authors: Koplin Stephanie A. , Petur Nielsen G. , Hornicek Francis J. , Rosenberg Andrew E.
Published: May 2010

Epithelioid sarcoma is an uncommon malignancy that usually arises in the superficial soft tissues of the extremities. Classically, epithelioid sarcoma grows as nodules of mild to moderately atypical epithelioid cells, frequently with central necrosis. The stroma is variably fibrous and may rarely contain heterotopic bone. The presence of bone within epithelioid sarcoma raises a variety of lesions in the differential diagnosis, including reactive processes as well as benign and malignant neoplasms.This morphological variant of epithelioid sarcoma and its associated diagnostic pitfalls has received little attention in the literature. The authors report herein 4 cases of epithelioid sarcoma with heterotopic bone and highlight the morphological characteristics of the bone and how such variants can be distinguished from other bone-forming lesions of the soft tissues.
The Classification of Lung Carcinoma: Time to Change the Morphology-Based Approach?
Authors: Pelosi Giuseppe , Sonzogni Angelica , Viale Giuseppe
Published: May 2010

Morphology still remains the cornerstone in lung cancer classification and always has been accompanying pathologists in their daily activity, even though several ancillary techniques have been incorporated over time to improve diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive capabilities in lung cancer. Currently, we are also faced with a global rethinking of lung cancer care, especially once novel therapy strategies have been made available on the basis of the diverse characteristics of tumors. Although morphology still remains a not easily replaceable tool for lung cancer classification, we are now challenged by the need of offering clinicians more detailed subtyping of non-small-cell lung cancer especially in event of limited diagnostic material, poorly differentiated tumors, or unresectable lesions. Close integration of improved morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular tests will be able to not only sharpen our diagnostic algorithms and prognostic and predictive potentialities but also get insights into several lung cancer biology issues, such as histogenesis and new classification schemes.
In the Picture or Off the Wall? Ethical Regulation, Research Habitus, and Unpeopled Ethnography
Authors: Hurdley Rachel
Published: May 2010

This article focuses on two unintended consequences of ethical regulation of social enquiry: the exclusion of participants and, subsequently, a transformation of research practice. An ethnography of corridor life in a large university building forms the basis of the discussion. Originally intended as a pilot for a broader study of informal networks of power, the project’s aim seemed unachievable. External ethical bureaucracy engendered an overdeveloped sensitivity to doing wrong, resulting in a bizarre form of reflexivity. The first consequence of ethical constraint is, paradoxically, the exclusion of participants and their worlds, as research projects are ever more tightly framed. However, forced to reflect on her research habitus, the author discovered that a conventional qualitative research focus on participants’ narrative/biographic accounts and face-to-face interaction can be similarly restrictive. In conclusion, the author discusses how practicing an unpeopled ethnography can open up space for democratic, innovative research within the confines of current ethical regulation.
Lactation Stage Influences Drug Milk-to-Serum Values and Neonatal Exposure Risk
Authors: Ling Binbing , Alcorn Jane
Published: May 2010

The purpose of our study was to assess the influence of lactation stage–dependent differences in milk-to-serum (M/S) ratio for an actively transported drug (cefepime) on the calculation of 2 exposure indices, EIDoseand EIConc. Age-dependent differences in cefepime pharmacokinetics at postnatal days 4 and 10 as well as cefepime M/S values at lactation days 4 and 10 in rats were determined. Significantly higher elimination rate constant and systemic clearance and lower half-life were found in day 10 compared to day 4 pups with no differences in oral bioavailability. The EIConcwas quantitatively higher than EIDoseat both lactation stages. The ~7-fold decrease in cefepime M/S values at lactation day 10 resulted in ~7-fold reduction in the EIDoseand ~13-fold reduction in EIConc. Our study confirms the need to evaluate M/S at different lactation stages for actively transported drugs to avoid over- or underestimation of neonatal exposure risk.
‘Taking the power back!’
Authors: Ratna Aarti
Published: May 2010

Although it is commonly believed that British–Asian girls and women are passive victims of both their own cultures and wider social structures of inequality and constraint, I argue that in the context of women’s football in England, they are actually active agents in the making and shaping of their own careers. I particularly focus on the praxis of these females in order to explore how they have accommodated, negotiated and challenged various forms of inequality and discrimination in their leisure lives. Utilizing a cultural studies framework, I analyze the various forms of capital that these players adopt in order to improvise and perform identities that help them to carve out spaces of belonging in an otherwise alien environment. However, as it becomes apparent in the oral testimonies of the players included in this article, this does not necessarily guarantee acceptance and/or inclusion.
Young people’s school food styles
Authors: Bugge Annechen Bahr
Published: May 2010

This article is based on a study of young Norwegians’ school food habits. The article describes what and how young people eat during the school day. Furthermore, we look at the beliefs and values that influence young people’s food choices and practices. Considering the attention given to young people’s food habits in the Norwegian public debate, there are surprisingly few studies that have mapped the socio-cultural aspects of young people’s food culture. This sociological study explores how young people negotiate and interpret food-cultural structures and relations, including the way in which young people’s food-cultural identity is influenced by variables such as gender, ethnicity, place of living and social class. The purpose is to provide some new perspectives on young people’s relationship to food. More knowledge about these aspects will be important, both in the provision of suitable school food services and in the development of strategies for preventive health work among young people.
Exploring the Health and Well-being of Refugee and Asylum Seeking Children
Authors: McCarthy Catherine , Marks David F.
Published: May 2010

The constructs from the Children’s Society’s well-being framework were used to develop innovative, child-friendly research methods that explore well-being among vulnerable groups of children, such as asylum seeking and refugee children. The study explored key factors that hinder and promote well-being as well as ways to improve well-being via participatory action research (PAR). The findings suggest that young refugees face many challenges negotiating a new life in their adopted country but they are also resilient and determined to improve their lives. The methods piloted in this study have the potential to enhance the ‘child-centredness’ of research with at-risk children and adolescents.
Subjective Social Status, a New Measure in Health Disparities Research
Authors: Wolff Lisa S. , Acevedo-Garcia Dolores , Subramanian S.V. , Weber Deanne , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: May 2010

Studies have shown subjective social status (SSS) is associated with multiple health outcomes. This article examines the predictors of SSS, whether these associations vary by race/ethnicity, and whether SSS is sensitive to different referents used for social comparison. Data were from a national US mail survey. Income was strongly associated with SSS only among Whites and Hispanics. While there were no SSS differences by race/ethnicity using a distal referent, Blacks had higher SSS than Whites when using more proximal referents, even after controlling for objective status indicators. Findings indicate SSS measurement may be sensitive to race/ethnicity and the comparison referent.
Overt Weight Stigma, Psychological Distress and Weight Loss Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Wott Carissa B. , Carels Robert A.
Published: May 2010

Weight stigma is pervasive and is associated with psychosocial distress. Little research has examined the association between weight stigma and weight loss treatment outcomes. The current investigation examined overt weight stigma, depression, binge eating, and weight loss treatment outcomes in a sample of 55 overweight and obese adults. Overt weight stigma was significantly associated with greater depression and binge eating and poorer weight loss treatment outcomes in a 14-week behavioral weight loss program, suggesting that overt weight stigma may be detrimental to overweight and obese individuals’ ability to lose weight and engage in behaviors consistent with weight loss.
Posttraumatic Growth and Health-related Quality of Life in a Racially Diverse Cohort of Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Bellizzi Keith M. , Smith Ashley Wilder , Reeve Bryce B. , Alfano Catherine M. , Bernstein Leslie , Meeske Kathy , Baumgartner Kathy B. , Ballard-Barbash Rachel R.
Published: May 2010

This study examined the relationship between race, religiosity, and posttraumatic growth as well as the association between growth and physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in breast cancer survivors ( N = 802; M age = 57.2). Multivariate analyses revealed that African American breast cancer survivors reported higher levels of posttraumatic growth than White women. However, this relationship was mediated by religiosity. We found an inverse association with growth and mental HRQOL which might be explained by the fact that growth co-occurs with distress and perhaps women in this sample are still struggling with their disease.
Goodbye to the news: how out-of-work journalists assess enduring news values and the new media landscape
Authors: Usher Nikki
Published: May 2010

This article explores the cultural dimensions of the demise of legacy newspapers by looking at the words of journalists who have either been laid off, who have taken a ‘voluntary buyout,’ or who have left the industry in order to stay ahead of what they see as inevitable. Their voices are incorporated here through their goodbye letters, emails, speeches, columns and blog postings — their ‘final’ musings about the news industry in a new media world. This article performs a thematic analysis of the content of these texts. Findings reveal that these ‘goodbye’ journalists are wedded to an idea of journalism that no longer — and may have never — existed and blame their problems on Wall Street rather than self-reflexively examining the role of their own occupational values and practices in a changing media environment.
Face-to-face and electronic communications in maintaining social networks: the influence of geographical and relational distance and of information content
Authors: Tillema Taede , Dijst Martin , Schwanen Tim
Published: May 2010

Using data collected among 742 respondents, this article aims at gaining greater insight into (i) the interaction between face-to-face (F2F) and electronic contacts, (ii) the influence of information content and relational distance on the communication mode/ service choice and (iii) the influence of relational and geographical distance, in addition to other factors, on the frequency of F2F and electronic contacts with relatives and friends. The results show that the frequency of F2F contacts is positively correlated with that for electronic communication, pointing at a complementarity effect.With respect to information content and relational distance, we find, on the basis of descriptive analyses, that synchronous modes/services (F2F and telephone conversations) are used more for urgent matters and that asynchronous modes (in particular email) become more influential as the relational distance increases. Finally, ordered probit analyses confirm that the frequency of both F2F and electronic communication declines when the physical and relational distance to social network members increases.
Attracting the un-served audience: the sustainability of long tail-based business models for cultural television content
Authors: Evens Tom , De Marez Lieven , Hauttekeete Laurence , Biltereyst Daniël , Mannens Erik , Van de Walle Rik
Published: May 2010

Digital television services not only provide promise for interactive services, but also for long tail-based business models in terms of tailor-made content. As the share of culture in total linear television programming is diminishing owing to the supremacy of audience rating concerns, digital television services could act as an alternative gateway to deliver culture to a wider audience. This article presents the results of a market pilot study using the established video-on-demand (VOD) platform of Flanders’ main digital television operator for the wide-scale delivery of performing arts videos. Despite the promising pilot study results, we doubt whether the long tail principle is applicable to the delivery of avant-garde material to develop a viable digital television service.
Moving Pictures: Cinema and Its Obsolescence in Contemporary Art
Authors: Nardelli Matilde
Published: May 2010

Increasingly, whirring film projectors, diaphanous filmstrips and cinema’s apparently obsolete materials more generally have become prominent features of contemporary art. This article explores the widespread pursuit of cinematic obsolescence in contemporary gallery installations, and considers its relation to our current phase of media and technological change. Seen in the context of the much-vaunted transition to the digital age, this artistic phenomenon of engagement with cinema’s materiality and historicity may seem an act of nostalgia, or even of mourning, for cinema itself. Even as nostalgic gestures, however, the most sophisticated of these cinematic installations, such as those by Rodney Graham and Atom Egoyan analysed at length here, are a way of thinking cinema, of (re) interrogating its very idea and the possibility of its future. Furthermore, and somewhat paradoxically, for all their courting of obsolescence — in fact, by very virtue of this process — these artistic practices configure not the death of cinema but its continuation.
Apart from Sex
Authors: Rifkin Adrian
Published: May 2010

I am concerned here with the ways in which image and theory interact over decades of development and becoming visible the one to the other. I set out the processes of becoming visible and readable in new and unexpected ways against the questionable newness of the new, and against the outstanding question of what it might have been that the old really was. In this discussion the word sex is deployed as if it referred to an essential nature, and this Edenic use is formulated as a critical abuse of theoretical models that have dominated our understanding of the visible.
Land Art and the Moon Landing
Authors: Sleeman Joy
Published: May 2010

Land art and NASA’s Apollo project share an historical moment. In the period of Apollo missions 1 to 17, between January 1967 and December 1972, most of the key works and exhibitions that have come to be identified as the founding instances of earth, earthworks or land art happened. Despite vast differences of scale and audience, 40 years ago both the moon and land art became new objects broadcast on television. This article offers an oblique view of land art from a Eurocentric and British perspective, exploring contingent relationships rather than obvious ones and prioritizing works that usually feature on the peripheries of standard accounts, often with a more ‘domestic’ or quotidian scale and reference than the oft-repeated monumental and iconic works.The author considers a range of issues — including colour, materiality, temporality, place, space, geography — and contexts in which the moon, moon landing and land art were caught back in 1969 and through which they might be recaptured meaningfully in the present.
Policy Issues and Stakeholder Concerns Regarding the Storage and Use of Residual Newborn Dried Blood Samples for Research
Authors: Rothwell Erin , Anderson Rebecca , Botkin Jeffrey
Published: May 2010

Newborn screening is an important public health programs in the United States. Over 4 million infants are screened each year for a number of conditions. There is a growing need for more explicit state policies governing the storage and research use of residual newborn samples. This paper provides an overview of newborn screening and issues related to policies of residual newborn samples as well as attitudes and opinions from stakeholders. Three groups (n = 21) were conducted with stakeholders: an African American group, a Pediatrician group and a Mothers of young children group. Despite the differences between these groups, consistent themes emerged from all groups that may be relevant for policy development governing the storage and use of residual newborn samples. The data from this exploratory study suggest that future policy developments with the newborn screening program warrant further public input on these topics.
The clinical utility of the Care Dependency Scale in rehabilitation: nurses’ perception
Authors: Eichhorn-Kissel Juliane , Dassen Theo , Lohrmann Christa
Published: May 2010

Increasing costs within health care require an efficient use of time and staff in order to appropriately satisfy patients’ needs. The application of valid and reliable instruments enables nurses to determine patients’ care needs. However, to ensure acceptance in nursing practice, assessment instruments must not only be reliable and valid, but also practical and useful. One such instrument for rehabilitation is the Care Dependency Scale for rehabilitation. The scale has been used in rehabilitation, but so far it has not been evaluated from the nurses’ perspective. Therefore, this study aims to determine how nurses evaluate the clinical utility of the Care Dependency Scale for rehabilitation. In this context the application and testing of a staff view assessment instrument was deemed necessary, and this constitutes the second aim of the study. Nurses from several Austrian rehabilitation units were asked to complete the staff view assessment instrument to evaluate the Care Dependency Scale for rehabilitation. Ethical approval was obtained. Results indicate that the staff view assessment instrument enables evaluation of the clinical utility of the Care Dependency Scale for rehabilitation. Most nurses agree that the Care Dependency Scale for rehabilitation is a clinically useful instrument, improves communication and cooperation within the nursing team and is easy and quick to use/analyse/ interpret. It may therefore be recommended for application in daily nursing practice.
Osteochondral Tissue Cell Viability Is Affected by Total Impulse during Impaction Grafting
Authors: Balash Paul , Kang Richard W. , Schwenke Thorsten , Cole Brian J. , Wimmer Markus A.
Published: May 2010

Objective:

Osteochondral graft transplantation has garnered significant attention because of its ability to replace the lesion with true hyaline cartilage. However, surgical impaction of the graft to anchor it into the defect site can be traumatic and lead to cell death and cartilage degeneration. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that increasing impulse magnitude during impaction of osteochondral plugs has a direct effect on loss of cell viability.

Design:

In this controlled laboratory study, the impaction force was kept constant while the impulse was varied. Ninety-six osteochondral plugs were extracted from the trochlea of bovine stifle joints and were randomly assigned into 3 experimental and 1 (nonimpacted) control group. The transferred impulse of the experimental groups reflected the median and the lower and upper quartiles of preceding clinical measurements. Data were obtained at day 0, day 4, and day 8; at each point, cell viability was assessed using the Live/Dead staining kit and histological assessments were performed to visualize matrix structural changes.

Results:

After impaction, cartilage samples stayed intact and did not show any histological signs of matrix disruption. As expected, higher impulse magnitudes introduced more cell death; however, this relationship was lost at day 8 after impaction.

Conclusion:

Impulse magnitude has a direct effect on cell viability of the graft. Because impulse magnitude is mostly governed by the press-fit characteristics of the recipient site, this study aids in the definition of optimal insertion conditions for osteochondral grafts.
Systemic autoimmunity and defective Fas ligand secretion in the absence of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein
Authors: Nikolov Nikolay P. , Shimizu Masaki , Cleland Sophia , Bailey Daniel , Aoki Joseph , Strom Ted , Schwartzberg Pamela L. , Candotti Fabio , Siegel Richard M.
Published: May 2010

Autoimmunity is a surprisingly common complication of primary immunodeficiencies, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this clinical observation are not well understood. One widely known example is provided by Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), an X-linked primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding the WAS protein (WASp) with a high incidence of autoimmunity in affected patients. WASp deficiency affects T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling and T-cell cytokine production, but its role in TCR-induced apoptosis, one of the mechanisms of peripheral immunologic tolerance, has not been investigated. We find that WASp-deficient mice produce autoantibodies and develop proliferative glomerulonephritis with immune complex deposition as they age. We also find that CD4+ T lymphocytes from WASp-deficient mice undergo reduced apoptosis after restimulation through the TCR. While Fas-induced cell death is normal, WASp deficiency affects TCR-induced secretion of Fas ligand (FasL) and other components of secretory granules by CD4+ T cells. These results describe a novel role of WASp in regulating TCR-induced apoptosis and FasL secretion and suggest that WASp-deficient mice provide a good model for the study of autoimmune manifestations of WAS and the development of more specific therapies for these complications.