bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustentabilidade de Barra do Garças sob a Ótica do Índice de Desenvolvimento Sustentável para Municípios
Authors: Rezende Greyce Bernardes de Mello , Cândido Gesinaldo Ataíde , Rezende Heverton Lopes , Silva Fernanda Pereira
Published: May 2017

Um município é considerado sustentável, na medida em que evita a degradação do seu sistema ambiental, reduz as desigualdades sociais, propicia a seus habitantes um ambiente construído saudável e seguro, bem como articula políticas públicas e ações de cidadania que permitam enfrentar os desafios presentes e futuros. Portanto, as medidas mais apropriadas para a sustentabilidade local estão relacionadas às políticas públicas visando a integração das dimensões social, ambiental, econômica e institucional Nessa perspectiva, essa pesquisa, desenvolvida de forma quantitativa, exploratória e descritiva, teve como objetivo mensurar o grau de sustentabilidade de Barra do Garças – MT, mediante aplicação da ferramenta Índice de Desenvolvimento Sustentável para Municípios (IDSM). No tocante aos resultados, Barra do Garças apresenta um IDSM de 0,5461, um índice com desempenho aceitável, conforme os parâmetros utilizados na metodologia. Contudo, nota-se que esse índice está próximo de uma situação de alerta, o que demonstra que políticas públicas devem ser implantadas para melhorar ainda mais a qualidade de vida dos munícipes.
A corrida pelo crescimento: Países em desenvolvimento na economia mundial
Authors: Tumolo Neto Roque João
Published: May 2017

O objetivo do livro é propor uma análise da evolução dos países em desenvolvimento na economia mundial, situada em uma perspectiva histórica de longo prazo, do raiar do segundo milênio ao ano de 2010, com foco na segunda metade do século XX e inícios do XXI. 
Verification of CFD tool for simulation of cavitating flows in hydraulic systems
Authors: Niedźwiedzka Agnieszka , Lipiński Seweryn , Kornet Sebastian
Published: May 2017

Cavitation is an undesirable phenomenon in hydraulic systems, as it causes erosion and noise. The main difficulty in cavitation prediction when using Fluent software is lack of an openly accessible tool for implementation of a freely chosen homogeneous cavitation model. In this paper the main challenge is to make such a tool, user defined function (UDF). The second challenge is to use a qualitative method in the assessment of the results of verification process. Three cavitation models are verified in Fluent 14.5: Singhal et al., Schnerr & Sauer and Zwart et al. The verification is based on the benchmark example from the Cavitation Modeling tutorial. Three methods of the algorithms verification are used: analysis of the convergence history of volume fraction, comparison of vapour volume fractions and statistical analysis of these data. The original achievements are not only the verified codes but also statistical analysis based on the computer methods of image analysis performed using two correlation coefficients: the first based on the cavitation intensity, and the second based on the changes of the cloud shape. The results of the analyses do not give any reasons to reject the UDFs. The appendix contains the analysed codes (available with the online version of this paper).
Simplification of one-dimensional hydraulic networks by automated processes evaluated on 1D/2D deterministic flood models
Authors: Davidsen Steffen , Löwe Roland , Thrysøe Cecilie , Arnbjerg-Nielsen Karsten
Published: May 2017

Evaluation of pluvial flood risk is often based on computations using 1D/2D urban flood models. However, guidelines on choice of model complexity are missing, especially for one-dimensional (1D) network models. This study presents a new automatic approach for simplification of 1D hydraulic networks (SAHM) using trimming and merging techniques, with performance evaluated in a 1D/2D case study. Decreasing the number of elements in the 1D model by 66% yielded a 35% decrease in computation time of the coupled 1D/2D simulation. The simplifications increased flow in some downstream branches and removing nodes eliminated connection to some areas. This promoted errors in two-dimensional (2D) flood results with changes in spatial location of flooding in the reduced 1D/2D models. Applying delayed rain inputs to compensate for changes in travel time and preserving network volume by expanding node diameters did not improve overall results. Investigations on the expected annual damages (EAD) showed that differences in EAD are smaller than deviations in the simulated flooded areas, suggesting that spatial changes are limited to local displacements. Probably, minor improvements of the simplification procedure will further improve results of the reduced models.
Culture-independent methods reveal high diversity of OXA-48-like genes in water environments
Authors: Tacão Marta , Silva Isabel , Henriques Isabel
Published: May 2017

The carbapenemase OXA-48 was identified for the first time in 2001 and is now one of the greatest concerns in terms of antibiotic resistance. While many studies report clinical OXA-48-like producers, few reports refer blaOXA-48-like genes in environmental bacteria. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the diversity of blaOXA-48-like genes in aquatic systems, using culture-independent approaches. For that, environmental DNA was obtained from riverine and estuarine water and used to construct clone libraries of blaOXA-48-like gene polymerase chain reaction amplicons. blaOXA-48-like libraries from river and estuarine water DNA comprised 75 and 70 clones, respectively. Sequence analysis showed that environmental blaOXA-48-like genes show a broader diversity than that so far observed in clinical settings. In total, 50 new OXA-48 variants were identified as well as sequences identical to previously reported OXA-48, OXA-181, OXA-199, OXA-204 and OXA-162. Though we have no evidence that these genes were carried by bacteria that are members of the natural heterotrophic flora or bacteria that have entered this particular water environment through anthropogenic sources, these results reinforce the role of aquatic systems as antibiotic resistance reservoirs. The variants of blaOXA-48 here described should be taken into account when designing molecular strategies for detecting this gene.
Overcoming water challenges through nature-based solutions
Authors: Boelee Eline , Janse Jan , Le Gal Antoine , Kok Marcel , Alkemade Rob , Ligtvoet Willem
Published: May 2017

Freshwater is a key resource and medium for various economic sectors and domestic purposes but its use is often at the expense of natural ecosystems. Water management must change to deal with urgent issues and protect aquatic ecosystems and their services, while addressing the demand for water from the competing claims for cities, agriculture, industry, energy and transport. In this paper key water challenges (shortage, pollution, aquatic ecosystems threatened) have been identified via global modelling. By the IMAGE-GLOBIO model chain a Trend scenario up to 2050 was modelled, as well as the potential of three ‘pathways’ aimed at halving average global biodiversity loss while also meeting the sustainable development goals. Biodiversity is then used as a guiding principle to address these challenges because water services depend on healthy and biodiverse ecosystems. Subsequently the potential of nature-based solutions is reviewed for four sub-sectors: cities, food production, hydropower, and flood protection, grouped under the three alternative pathways to meet key water challenges. Mainstreaming biodiversity into water policy requires integrated planning. Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) could provide an opportune starting point as a well recognised integrating framework for planning, to guide the actual implementation of nature-based solutions in sub-sectors.
Partially aerated submerged fixed-film bioreactor for simultaneous removal of carbon and nutrients from high-strength nitrogen wastewaters: effect of aeration rate and C:N:P ratio
Authors: Forouzesh Mojtaba , Khoshfetrat Ali Baradar , Kordkandi Salman Alizadeh
Published: May 2017

Influence of aeration rate and COD:N:P (C:N:P) ratio on the performance of an upflow partially aerated submerged fixed film (UP/ASFF) bioreactor for simultaneous carbon and nutrient removal from high-strength nitrogen wastewater was investigated during 6 months. Airflow rates at three levels of 1.5, 3, and 4.5 L/min and C:N:P ratios at four levels of 450:300:10, 450:150:10, 450:100:10, and 450:75:10 were selected as the two main input factors. All experiments were performed at constant chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus (P) and hydraulic residence time of 450 mg COD/L, 10 mg PO43− -P/L and 7.3 h, respectively. The results showed when the airflow rate increased from 1.5 to 4.5 L/min, complete COD removal was achieved. At an airflow rate of 4.5 L/min, total nitrogen removal reached a maximum value of 75% for the C:N:P ratio of 450:75:10. A maximum value of 54% for total phosphorus removal, however, was obtained at an airflow rate of 3 L/min for the C:N:P ratio of 450:75:10. Analysis of variance for the obtained data revealed that aeration rate and nitrogen concentration had more impact on phosphorus removal than COD and nitrogen removal. The study demonstrated that the UP/ASFF system has considerable potential for use in simultaneous removal of carbon and nutrients for high-strength nitrogen wastewater.
Corrupção e diferenciação funcional: da alopoiese à autopoiese do direito no Brasil
Authors: Simioni Rafael Lazzarotto , Pinto João Paulo Salles
Published: May 2017

O conceito de corrupção sistêmica e, consequentemente, o de alopoiese do direito trabalhados no Brasil por Marcelo Neves e outros, partem, em especial, de pressupostos baseados em um suposto déficit de diferenciação funcional sistêmica em determinadas regiões do mundo. Nega-se, por consequência, a constatação descritiva da autopoiese sistêmica nestas regiões. O problema é que, para supor a ocorrência de déficits de diferenciação funcional em países de modernidade periférica, como o Brasil, o argumento pressupõe uma concepção normativa de autopoiese. Nessa perspectiva, este artigo objetiva discutir a possibilidade de uma leitura diferente do problema da corrupção sistêmica, no sentido de que ela não nega a diferenciação funcional, tampouco constitui um caso de alopoiese, mas sim afirma o próprio conceito de autopoiese. Com base em uma metodologia analítica e técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, a pesquisa convoca alguns conceitos da teoria dos sistemas sociais autopoiéticos de Niklas Luhmann, em especial os conceitos de diferenciação funcional, fechamento operacional, comunicação e autopoiese. Como resultado, a pesquisa conclui que é possível uma leitura não normativa dos conceitos de autopoiese e de diferenciação funcional, de modo que o sentido da corrupção sistêmica, ao invés de negar operações autopoiéticas, antes as pressupõem.
Penentuan nilai field capacity pada sampah segar Dan sampah lama
Authors: . Samin
Published: May 2017

In determining leachate generation, the value of field capacity waste is one of the parameters that determine the amount of leachate which is formed against, because the field capacity (FC) is amount of water that may be stored by the waste until it has saturated the water and ultimately if the water entering the landfill waste then the water will come out into leachate. In this study we have performed research on the determination of field capacity on fresh waste and old waste. The results of this research showed that the value of FC is influenced by age waste. The value of field capacity (FC) on fresh waste is greater than old waste and the value of field capacity (FC)   influenced by material density. The value of field capacity (FC) materials with higher density (black sand), the value of field capacity (FC) is smaller.Keywords: leachate, field capacity, waste
PEMANFAATAN ABU BAGASSE SEBAGAI FILLER TERHADAP NILAI MARSHALL TEST PADA CAMPURAN ASPHALT TREATED BASE ( ATB )
Authors: Amal Andi Syaiful
Published: May 2017

Solidity construction of road of Indonesia generally are flexible solidity construction. One ofkind flexible solidity are solidity of ATB ( Asphalt Treated Base ) layer that give fundamental layerfunction that under surface layer which support and spread load along with place to put surfacelayer. Trial to asphalt are follow : penetration, flexible point, ductility, while trial of agregate follow: kind heavy ang agregate absorption, analysis of agregate filler. The thing of test trial of optimumasphalt degree is devided 5 variation namely 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5% and 7% wich each groups aremade 5 different sample with weight each 1200 gram. The optimum asphalt degree which be got6.5%. The thing of test trial of optimum asphalt by filler Bagasse Dust are made 11 groups by fillerdegree 6.42% early which be made 0% up to 90% of Bagasse dust according to weight with 10%interval, by each groups are made 3 samples. The study result showed that three are influence ofusing Bagasse dust as filler to Marshall Test value. Stability is shown by equation Y = 1672.5 +17.544 X – 0.2336 X2 gotten optimum Bagasse dust degree about 37.59% by stability value are2001.033 kg. The flow value is shown by equation Y = 4.05 + ( 2.7 E – 3 ) X – ( 1 E – 4 ) X2 byoptimum Bagasse dust degree about 13.5% is gotten flow value 4.05%. The hole in ATB compoundis shown by equation Y = 4.102 + ( 0.04 ) X – ( 5 E – 4 ) X2 is gotten optimum Bagasse dust about40% by air hole about 4.90%. To Marshall Quotient value may be shown by equation Y = 4.007 +( 0.046 ) X – ( 5 E – 4 ) X2 by optimum Bagasse dust degree about 46% by Marshall Quotient valueare 5.06 kN/mm.Key word : Asphalt Treated Base ( ATB ), Bagasse Dust.
Cover JPBI Vol.1 No.1, Maret 2015
Authors: JPBI Cover
Published: May 2017

Cover JPBI Volo.1 No.1, Maret 2015
PENGARUH SARI BUAH NANAS (Ananas comosus) DAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP JUMLAH KOLONI BAKTERI DAN KADAR PROTEIN IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR DALAM PERENCANAAN PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI MATERI KINGDOM MONERA
Authors: Aulya Rohmana Qorry , Wahyono Poncojari , Hadi Samsun
Published: May 2017

PENGARUH SARI BUAH NANAS (Ananas comosus) DAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP JUMLAH KOLONI BAKTERI DAN KADAR PROTEIN IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR DALAM PERENCANAAN PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI MATERI KINGDOM MONERA   Qorry Aulya Rohmana1, Poncojari Wahyono1, Samsun Hadi1 1Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universtias Muhammadiyah Malang, e-mail: aulyarohmana16@yahoo.com     ABSTRACT   The aims of this research is to know effect of any pineaple extract juice concentration and duration of saving and to determine concentration of the pineaple fruit extract juice and duration of saving which are the most optimal to the sum of bacterial colony and protein degree in bandeng fish. Research type used was True Experiment Design. A scheme used was Complete Random Scheme of factorial pattern. Data was as such the total of bacterial colony and protein contained in bandeng fish. Result of the research shows that concentration of pineaple fruit extract juise and duration of saving effect the bacterial colony total and protein containe in bandeng fish. The total of bacterial colony gets more as the duration of saving gets longer. As for protein contained in the bandeng fish gets lower as the saving duration goes.   Key Words : Bandeng Fish, Pineaple, Number of Bacterial colony, Rate of Protein
Daftar Isi JPBI Vol 1, No.3; November 2015
Authors: Daftar Isi Daftar
Published: May 2017

Daftar Isi JPBI Vol 1, No.3; November 2015
Qualidade do leite pasteurizado comercializado no Município de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Raquel Peres de , Moura Mariela Silva , Andrade Renata Barbosa , Santos Silvia Ferreira dos , Souza Mariana Assunção de , Santos Aline Monteiro dos , Silveira Ana Carolina Portella
Published: May 2017

The evaluation of microbiological contamination of milk is one of the important parameters to determine their useful life, ensuring health of consumers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological physicochemical characteristics pasteurized milk sold in the municipality of Uberlândia and compare them with the standards established by law. It was analyzed 18 samples of three brands of pasteurized milk collected in the municipality of Uberlândia-MG, held at the Laboratory of Quality Control of Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (LCQSA / FAMEV / UFU ) in March and April of 2009. It was observed that the analysis of alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, density and acidity showed normal values for all samples. For other physical-chemical analysis, the values were not satisfactory, 6 samples (33.33%) and 9 samples (50%) had results below the minimum required by law for fat and dry extract respectively. The total dry extract, 11 samples (61.11%) were with values outside the current standard. In the microbiological analysis for enumeration of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, 7 samples (38.88) results were above the maximum permitted by law, total coliform showed 13 (72.22%) and fecal coliform 8 samples (44.44%) were outside the permitted standard. It is concluded that in general the quality of type C milk sold in the municipality of Uberlândia-MG in the period examined was not satisfactory, or not as the rules especially the microbiological analysis.
O processo de domesticação no comportamento dos animais de produção
Authors: Madella-Oliveira Aparecida de Fátima , Quirino Célia Raquel , Ruiz-Miranda Carlos Ramon , Fonseca Francisco Aloizio
Published: May 2017

This review provides information on the effect of domestication on the behavior of farm animals. The objective was to compare the domestication of some definitions, describe the factors that influenced and describe the reproductive, maternal, food and social behavior.
Efeito da idade, peso do ovo e sistema de armazenagem sobre as propriedades físicas de ovos de poedeiras leves
Authors: Maciel William Cardoso , Andrada Argimiro Daza , Ramos Antonio Callejo , Teixeira Régis Siqueira de Castro , Carbó Carlos Buxadé
Published: May 2017

A total of 72 eggs from a group of 100 white laying hens housed in standard cages were analyzed. Thirty-six eggs were retired when the hens had 44 week of age and the other 36 eggs were retired eight weeks afterwards. Each group of 36 eggs was radomly divided in three groups of 12 eggs. First group was analyzed at once (storage system C); second one was kept during one week in the refrigerator (5ºC) (storage system R), and third group were kept also one week but on ambient temperature (25ºC) (storage system ET). The hen age, egg weight and storage system had not significant (P>0.05) effect on shell thickness. The specific gravity (SG) has a positive relation with shell quality. The egg class and storage system significantly (P
Produção de leite com vacas mestiças em capim-elefante
Authors: Magalhães João Avelar , Rodrigues Braz Henrique Nunes , Araújo Neto Raimundo Bezerra de , Costa Newton de Lucena , Bezerra Eduardo Esmeraldo Augusto , Santos José Miguel dos , Pompeu Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco
Published: May 2017

A trial was carried out with objective of identifying economical sources of alimentary supplementation for cows milk in exclusive feeding regime of elephant-grass pasture (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Napier), submitted to the fertilization and irrigation. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments: T1 = cows grazing exclusively in elephant-grass pasture; T2 = T1 + bank of leucena protein and T3 = T1 + concentrated ration, supplied in the amount of 1 kg for each 3 kg of milk produced above 5 kg. The largest production milk was obtained of the animals of T3 (11.11 kg of milk/cow/day and 3,594.08 kg of milk/cow/lactation), followed by T2 (9.19 kg of milk/cow/day and 2,740.15 kg of milk/cow/lactation) and T1 (8.54 milk/cow/day kg and 2,520.36 milk/cow/lactation kg). The lower profitability was obtained with cows grazing elephant-grass supplemented with concentrates.
DIABETES MELLITUS CANINA E FELINA
Authors: Silva Mariana de França Oliveira da
Published: May 2017

O pâncreas é um órgão de secreção mista, endócrina e exócrina. A porção endócrina é formada pelas ilhotas de Langerhans que, por sua vez, apresentam quatro tipos celulares distintos, as células alfa, beta, delta e PP. As células beta secretam insulina, que é o hormônio anabólico responsável pelo metabolismo dos carboidratos, gorduras e proteínas. Nos tecidos sensíveis a este hormônio, o principal efeito da insulina sobre o metabolismo dos carboidratos é aquele que permite o transporte de glicose através da membrana celular. A disfunção na porção endócrina do pâncreas, particularmente das células beta, é responsável por um distúrbio endócrino denominado diabetes mellitus. O diabetes mellitus é manifestado pela incapacidade relativa ou absoluta das células beta produzirem e secretarem insulina e/ou ação deficiente desta nos tecidos. Isso incapacita a utilização da glicose pelos tecidos, e resulta em hiperglicemia prolongada, podendo causar cetoacidose e outras alterações que podem ser fatais. O diabetes mellitus pode ser do tipo I, mais comum nos cães, ou do tipo II, mais comum nos gatos. Devido ao aumento no número de casos de diabetes mellitus em cães e gatos, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre esta doença, além de descrever e comentar dois casos clínicos ocorridos em uma Clinica particular do Recife. Os dois casos clínicos sugerem que a diferença de ocorrência do diabetes tipo I e tipo II é um fator bastante relevante, no que diz respeito à patogênese do problema e sua relação específica com a espécie envolvida.
Sistema silvipastoril como alternativa de uso da terra
Authors: Araújo Raphael Pavesi , Almeida João Carlos de Carvalho , Deminicis Bruno Borges , Araújo Saulo Alberto do Carmo , Ribeiro Everton Teixeira , Amorim Mariá Moraes , Rodrigues Patricia do Rosario
Published: May 2017

Now two great slopes are being thoroughly spread, these concern the increase of the world demand for victuals especially for protein of animal origin and another about the environmental preservation, they put, these present a complication factor that is related to great demand for wood, doing with that there is an increase of the illegal deforestation, with substitution of the forest areas for pasture that will serve as food for the animals. Before this scenery, the silvipastoral systems that it is a modality of agroforestry system that refers to the production techniques in which become complete the animals, the trees and the pastures in a same area appeared. The use of those systems can be beneficial when applied in a correct way, however your use form was during years done in a mistaken way, what provoked a decrease of the use of these systems. With that, this revision has for objective to characterize the components and to do a classification of the silvipastoral systems so that this can have a better understanding of your use.
Estudo morfométrico da placa esternal de Gliricola quadrisetosa Ewing, 1924 recuperados em Galea spixii Wagler, 1831
Authors: Pereira Josivania Soares , Nascimento Janilene de Oliveira , Aguiar Kalianne Carla de Sousa , Oliveira Moacir Franco de , Ahid Sílvia Maria Mendes
Published: May 2017

The morphometric study allows the observation of variations in the size of structures considered important for identification of ectoparasites that affect wildlife. In this vein, this study aimed to define in some areas of the sternal plate and perform Phthiraptera Gliricola quadrisetosa morphometry to complement the description of this structure considered important for taxonomy of this lice. We used 30 female specimens of G. quadrisetosa retrieved Galea spixii. The lice were cleared and mounted between slide and coverslip for observation of the sternal plate by light microscopy. Data were presented as a simple average and standard deviation. The areas demarcated for morphometry corresponded to: that part of the hollow portion to the base, and upper and median length from the 2º pair of legs to the base. These had respectively as 18,3+3,5; 8,7+0,9; 1,4+0,1 e 12,8+3,3μm. Morphometry performed contributed to the standardization of the taxonomy of Gliricola quadrisetosa sternal plate.
Produção de forrageiras hidropônicas de triticales com ervilhaca comum
Authors: Santos Osmar Souza dos , Nascimento Junior Alfredo do , Basso Denise Puntel , Cargnelutti Filho Alberto , Filipetto Jorge Eugênio , Luz Rodrigo da Costa , Rocha Vanderson
Published: May 2017

An experiment was conducted at the Colégio Politécnico da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) – RS, in order to evaluate the production of hydroponic fodder of three varieties of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack): BRS Saturno, BRS Ulisses and Embrapa 53 at the densities 2.0 kg m-2, associated with four densities of common vetch named SS Ametista(Vicia sativa L.) at doses of 0, 150, 300 and 450 g m-2, during the winter of 2011. The experiment was conducted in a high tunnel with each treatment in an area of 1.0 m-2, using a nutrient solution described by Santos et al. (2004). Evaluations were performed at 17 days after sowing. Varieties BRS Ulisses and Embrapa 53 had the highest average yield with 19.867 and 19.328 kg m-2, but the maximum productivity was 22.313 kg m-2 yielded by BRS Ulisses associated with 300 g m-2 of Smooth Vetch, which indicates the success the use of this vetch.
Viabilidade microbiológica do soro sangüíneo autólogo como coadjuvante no tratamento de úlceras de córnea em cães (Canis familiaris, LINNAEUS, 1
Authors: Bambirra Ana Letícia , Oriá Arianne Pontes , Bahia Robson , Dórea Neto Francisco de Assis , Pinna Melissa Hanzen
Published: May 2017

Corneal ulcer is one of the most commonly ocular affections seen in the small animal practice. Several agents are used for its management with the main purpose of interrupt tissue destruction and promote healing. Blood serum is widely used as an adjuvant in the corneal ulcer management, due to its epitheliotrophic power and also for contains vitamins, immunoglobulins, anticollagenolytic and bacteriostatic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the bacterial and fungal contamination risk of the refrigerated canine serum, to be used in the corneal ulcer management. Blood was collected from seven healthy animals, stored in sterile tubes that were centrifugated afterwards to obtain the serum. This was diluted to 50% with Lacrima ®, kept refrigerated at 4º C in sterile bottles, which were opened at every 24 hours and samples were sowed in blood agar and Sabouraud, in order to verify fungal growth for twenty-two days and bacterial growth, for ten days. During the accomplishment of this study fungal and bacterial growth were not seen in any of the samples.  It was concluded that the canine serum can be safely used if adequately collect and preserved for a ten days period bacterial growth and fungal growth for twenty-two days period.
Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Authors: Luchsinger José A. , Ma Yong , Christophi Costas A. , Florez Hermes , Golden Sherita H. , Hazuda Helen , Crandall Jill , Venditti Elizabeth , Watson Karol , Jeffries Susan , Manly Jennifer J. , Pi-Sunyer F. Xavier
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE

We examined the association of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) intervention arms (lifestyle intervention, metformin, and placebo) with cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS). We also examined metformin use, incident type 2 diabetes, and glycemia as exposures.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The DPP lasted 2.8 years, followed by a 13-month bridge to DPPOS. Cognition was assessed in DPPOS years 8 and 10 (12 and 14 years after randomization) with the Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (SEVLT), letter fluency and animal fluency tests, Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and a composite cognitive score.

RESULTS

A total of 2,280 participants (749 lifestyle, 776 metformin, and 755 placebo) aged 63.1 ± 10.7 years underwent cognitive assessments; 67.7% women, 54.6% non-Hispanic white, 20.7% non-Hispanic black, 14.6% Hispanic, 5.5% American Indian, and 4.6% Asian; 26.6% were homozygous or heterozygous for APOE-ε4. At the time of cognitive assessment, type 2 diabetes was higher in the placebo group (57.9%; P < 0.001) compared with lifestyle (47.0%) and metformin (50.4%). Metformin exposure was higher in the metformin group (8.72 years; P < 0.001) compared with placebo (1.43 years) and lifestyle (0.96 years). There were no differences in cognition across intervention arms. Type 2 diabetes was not related to cognition, but higher glycated hemoglobin at year 8 was related to worse cognition after confounder adjustment. Cumulative metformin exposure was not related to cognition.

CONCLUSIONS

Exposure to intensive lifestyle intervention or metformin was not related to cognition among DPPOS participants. Higher glycemia was related to worse cognitive performance. Metformin seemed cognitively safe among DPPOS participants.
EFEKTIVITAS KOMUNIKASI ANTARPRIBADI PADA KEGIATAN KOMUNIKASI DOKTER-PASIEN DI KONSULTASI GRATIS RS ORTOPEDI PROF. DR. R. SOEHARSO SURAKARTA
Authors: Wardhani Afifah Ihsani , Soedarsono Dewi K. , Esfandari Diah Agung
Published: May 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur untuk efektivitas komunikasi antarpribadi pada kegiatan komunikasi dokter-pasien di Konsultasi Gratis RS Ortopedi Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso Surakarta. Jenis Penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif dan dengan sampel sebanyak 97 responden. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata presentase lima sub variabel adalah: keterbukaan 86,30%, empati 85,00%, sikap mendukung 87,79%, sikap positif 88,41%, dan kesetaraan 80,66%, seluruhnya mendapatkan predikat tinggi dan efektivitas komunikasi dokter-pasien berada pada predikat sangat tinggi. Dari data tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa efektivitas komunikasi antarpribadi pada kegiatan komunikasi dokter-pasien di Konsultasi Gratis RS Ortopedi Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso Surakarta adalah efektif. Kata Kunci: Efektivitas Komunikasi Antarpribadi, Komunikasi Kesehatan, Komunikasi Dokter-Pasien, Konsultasi Gratis Rumah Sakit Ortopedi Surakarta.
UJI EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle L.) TERHADAP BLEEDING TIME PADA MENCIT JANTAN GALUR SWISS WEBSTER
Authors: Sutopo Tri , Bestari Rochmadina Suci , Sintowati Retno
Published: May 2017

Tanaman sirih (Piper betle L.) mengandung tanin dan flavonoid yang diduga memiliki efek sebagai agen hemostatik/penghentian perdarahan. Penelitian ini bersifat experimental laboratorium dengan metode Post Test Only With Control Group Design. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah 25 ekor mencit jantan galur Swiss Webster yang dibagi menjadi Kelompok Kontrol Negatif diberikan aquades steril, Kelompok kontrol positif diberikan epinefrin 1:1000, Kelompok perlakuan pertama diberikan ekstrak etanol daun sirih konsentrasi 10%, Kelompok Perlakuan kedua konsentrasi 20%, dan Kelompok perlakuan ketiga konsentrasi 40%. Masing-masing kelompok dihitung bleeding time dengan menggunakan metode Duke. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun sirih konsentrasi 10%, 20%, dan 40% dapat memperpendek bleeding time dengan rerata waktu penghentian perdarahan secara berturut-turut adalah 124,60 detik, 104,80 detik, dan 92,60 detik. Analisis data one-way ANOVA menunjukkan rerata yang berbeda secara bermakna terhadap bleeding time pada kelima kelompok setelah diberikan perlakuan dengan p=0,000 (p<0,05).Kesimpulan : Ekstrak etanol 70% daun sirih (Piper betle L.) konsentrasi 10%, 20%, dan 40% dapat memperpendek bleeding time pada mencit jantan galur Swiss Webster. Kata Kunci : Ekstrak etanol, daun sirih (Piper betle L.), bleeding time
Review on hydrogen production technologies from solar energy
Authors: M. A.Suárez-González  , A.M. Blanco-Marigorta  , J. A.Peña-Quintana
Published: May 2017

This article overviews the available technologies for hydrogen generation using solar energy as main source. Photochemical, electrochemical and thermochemical processes for producing hydrogen with solar energy are analysed from a technological and economical point of view. It is concluded that developments of improved processes for hydrogen production via renewable feedstock are likely to continue in order to reach competitive hydrogen production costs. Hybrid thermochemical processes where hydrocarbons are exclusively used as chemical reactants for the production of syngas and the concentrated solar radiation is used as a heat source, represent one of the most promising alternatives: they combine conventional and renewable energy representing a proper transition towards asolarhydrogen economy
Simulation of a Solar Cell considering Single-Diode Equivalent Circuit Model
Authors: E.M.G. Rodrigues  , R. Melício  , V.M.F. Mendes  , J.P.S. Catalão
Published: May 2017

This paper focuses on single-diode photovoltaic cell models. Comprehensive simulation studies are carried out in order to adequately assess temperature dependence, solar radiation change, diode ideality factor and series resistance influence. A comparison between an ideal model single-diode solar cell and a model of single-diode solar cell with a series resistance is also presented. Finally, conclusions are duly drawn.
Study on Flow Characteristic of Lubricant in the Main Shaft of Transmission in Commercial Vehicle
Authors: Ji Hun Yun  , Jeong Se Suh  , Chung Seob Yi  , Chul Ki Song  , In Guk Jeong  , Joong Hwan Park
Published: May 2017

In this study, numerical simulation has been performed to investigate the flow characteristic of lubricant in the main shaft of transmission in commercial vehicle. It was confirmed that the mass flow rate of lubricating oil depends on the length of branch and the rotating rate of shaft. As a result, it could be verified that the discharged flow rate is considerably influenced by the length of the branch of main shaft. This study suggests the optimal design data for the lubrication system of the transmission in commercial vehicle.
LIFE+ Zero Hytechpark: toward a sustainable building with thermal, photovoltaic and hydrogen technology
Authors: Natalia Moreno  , Alfonso Arnedo  , Jesus Simon  , Arturo Cabello
Published: May 2017

The use of renewable energy to produce hydrogen as an energy vector can contribute to increase energy efficiency and buildings sustainability. Besides, it may contribute to develop new mobility models which are more respectful to the environment. Therefore, this is the main objective of the LIFE+ Zero-HyTechPark in order to get more sustainable Technology Parks. On FHa building a real isolated hybrid (photovoltaic/micro-wind / hydrogen tech) renewable plant has been installed and also simulated with a specific own software developed. The hydrogen is used for two purposes, as long time energy electrical storage, and for mobile application, such as bike fleet. Also it has been installed a thermal solar panel roof plant to cover a percentage of thermal energy consumptions of the building. This project has the capacity to behave as a referent in sustainable architecture for research centres and as the first step in real sustainable urban projects. In small-scope, the experience will be extrapolated to other Technology Parks and industrial areas effectively reducing local emissions in short and medium term. The prototypes developed in this project present sustainable alternatives for common applications that are using fossil fuel. The use of hydrogen will reduce the CO2 for the future.
Optimal Energy Storage System Control in a Smart Grid including Renewable Generation Units
Authors: A. Andreotti  , G. Carpinelli  , F. Mottola
Published: May 2017

The paper deals with energy storage systems applications in Smart Grids. Several services can be performed thanks to the energy storage systems use, with objectives aimed at meeting needs internal or external to the Smart Grid. Optimal nonlinear constrained problems can be formulated and properly solved in order to perform the services in the best economical and technical way. In this paper, optimal control strategies are proposed in order to allow the Smart Grid to minimize internal losses and to sell energy and ancillary services during high power prices periods. The procedure involves the formulation of optimal power flow problems; proper objective functions and constraints are imposed to satisfying the services that have to be carried out. A numerical application on a 30-bus low voltage Smart Grid shows the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.
Wave energy and supply chain opportunities
Authors: A. Álvarez  , C. Anido  , S. Martín  , P.B. González
Published: May 2017

The evolution of research and development for the energy use of waves is deeply related to the energy crisis. Currently these technologies, which come from abundant and domestic natural resources, are gaining in importance due to the evident global warming effects and the urgent need to find sustainable solutions. On another hand, objectives relating to installed capacity have already been presented for this incipient industry, not only by private organizations, but also by public authorities. Consequently ocean energy systems will have to be fabricated, transported, installed, operated and maintained. Therefore, at the present stage, it is fundamental to visualize and map the supply chain opportunities, while achieving a general view of all actions required to bring into operation an installation to harness wave energy. By analysing previous reports, the present paper aims at offering an overview of the different systems developed for wave energy use and analysing the supply chain opportunities for such technologies in experimental phase.
Wind and weight induced loads on a gear based azimuthal photovoltaic platform
Authors: B. Butuc  , G. Moldovean  , R. Velicu
Published: May 2017

. Due to their specific constructive characteristics, such as high surfaces exposed to wind action, the height above the horizontal level and the orientation to wind flow direction, the photovoltaic (PV) platforms are subjected to high mechanical forces. Therefore, wind and weight induced loads analyses is necessary to an optimum design of these systems. Considering different wind and weight loading cases were determined the equations of forces and torques on each axis of the system (x, y and z). Also, the maximum possible load was established, based on the analyses of the forces and torques daily variations.
The effect of surface impurities on photovoltaic panels
Authors: L. Dorobantu  , M.O. Popescu  , Cl. Popescu  , A. Craciunescu
Published: May 2017

This paper deals with the surface impurities that occur onto operating solar cells, a widespread problem. The depositions on the photovoltaic cells, represented by dust and dirt which appear inevitably, lead to deterioration over time or to the decrease of efficiency of the panels that contain the affected cells, and as a result there are losses that appear in the system. Some local depositions create shady areas, causing significant overheating which is experimentally highlighted.
Effect of transient flux compensation control on fault ride through of doubly fed induction generator wind turbine
Authors: A.S. Mäkinen  , H. Tuusa
Published: May 2017

The fault ride through (FRT) of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is studied in this paper. Two different FRT strategies are compared. First strategy uses only active crowbar to protect the turbine and the second strategy uses transient flux compensation in addition to the crowbar. Simulations are carried out using Matlab/Simulink. The aim of the study is to reveal how the transient flux compensation improves the operation of DFIG during a fault. If the transient flux is removed the DFIG is controllable during a fault and the reactive power injection to the grid can be maximized. This is an important aspect since the latest grid codes insist that wind turbines should be able to inject reactive power during a fault in order to support the depressed grid voltage. Thus, this paper proposes that after a fault it is reasonable to use the current capacity of rotor side converter to remove the transient flux. This leads to better performance of wind turbine, improved power quality and maximized voltage support.
Research and Design of Fixed-Pitch Non-Grid-Connected Wind Power System
Authors: Ma Yundong  , Wang Junqi  , Yang Hong  , Hu Zurong
Published: May 2017

Traditional fixed-pitch wind turbine, whose rotational speed is a constant, adjusts its aerodynamic power according to the blade stall characteristic, and it has the advantage of being simple, robust and reliable, with simple and inexpensive electric systems. By introducing MPPT strategy on low wind condition and constant output power control on high wind condition, higher efficiency of fixed-pitch wind turbine can be obtained, which is realized by regulating the turbine rotational speed according to wind speed. In this paper, the variable speed regulation strategy is proposed, the stability characteristic based on the small signal model is analyzed, and the speed control technique based on disturbance observer and Internal Model PID controller is discussed in detail, some experimental results are presented, which show that the dynamic response of speed controller is favorable and efficiency of the plant is improved by tracking the maximum power point on low wind condition and keeping the turbine aerodynamic power at its rated value on high wind condition.
Human behavior changing based on the simulation of the temperature control of a house
Authors: R. Bălan  , V. Mureşan  , R. Donca  , A. Bălan  , S. Stan
Published: May 2017

To optimize the energy consumption in a house, the behavior of the occupants must be changed. This can be achieved by providing information and suggestions to the occupants. Based on a web application, some suggestions can be offered only if it is available a thermal model of the house. This paper presents a simple solution for thermal modeling of a house which includes experimental identification of the parameters of the model, using a less expensive and noninvasive measurement system (indoor and outdoor temperatures and thermal energy consumption). Such data are used to simulate the thermal behavior of the house, to estimate the energy consumption and to obtain solutions to reduce energy consumption. In simulation, the control of the thermal system is performed using a model predictive control algorithm.
Dynamic Properties of the Virtual Synchronous Machine (VISMA)
Authors: Yong Chen  , Ralf Hesse  , Dirk Turschner  , Hans-Peter Beck
Published: May 2017

The increasing integration of decentralized electrical sources is attended by problems with power quality, safe grid operation and grid stability. The concept of the Virtual Synchronous Machine (VISMA) [1] discribes an inverter to particularly connect renewable electrical sources to the grid that provides a wide variety of static an dynamic properties they are also suitable to achieve typical transient and oscillation phenomena in decentralized as well as weak grids. Furthermore in static operation, power plant controlled VISMA systems are capable to cope with critical surplus production of renewable electrical energy without additional communication systems only conducted by the grid frequency. This paper presents the dynamic properties "damping" and "virtual mass" of the VISMA and their contribution to the stabilization of the grid frequency and the attenuation of grid oscillations examined in an experimental grid set.
Grid Connection Improvements by Control Strategy Selection for Wave Energy Converters
Authors: M. Santos  , E. Tedeschi  , P. Ricci  , M. Molinas  , J. L. Martin
Published: May 2017

In this paper a wave-to-wire approach to model the exploitation of ocean energy by point absorbers in heave is presented. Attention is focused on the impact that the control strategy of the Wave Energy Converter (WEC) has both on the power performance of the single device and on the grid power quality at the connection point, when point absorbers are arranged in wave farms. Two different control strategies are proposed and compared to theoretical ones such as the complex-conjugate method. Their effectiveness in improving the system overall power extraction while reducing each Power Take-Off’s rating and easing the Wave Farm grid integration is proved by time domain simulations, developed both at singledevice level and at farm level.
Integrated ZVT Cell Applied to Decentralized Multi-String PV System
Authors: R. C. Beltrame  , M. I. Desconzi  , M. L. S. Martins  , J. R. Pinheiro  , H. L. Hey
Published: May 2017

This paper exploits the advantages of using a cascaded connection of dc-dc step-up stages for a series string of photovoltaic (PV) panels in a single-phase residential/commercial grid connected installation. It is demonstrated that when multistring PV systems are adopted in order to minimize shadowing problems, it is required to employ some approach to reduce the switching losses (turn-on losses of MOSFETs and mainly diode reverse-recovery losses) of the dc-dc step-up stages. As a multistring PV system is normally comprised by several dc-dc stepup stages, integrated soft-switching topologies are attractive due to their compactness, reliability and low cost. Thus, this work proposes to use an integrated zero-voltage transition (ZVT) cell, which assists all dc-dc step-up stages and employs a very compact circuit, enabling to minimize the switching losses, improving the system efficiency. The proposed cell makes use of a magnetically-coupled auxiliary voltage source implemented by adding a secondary winding on the input inductors. In order to validate the proposed topology, experimental results are presented.
Proposal for the use of solar heaters in small residences of Curitiba
Authors: Alysson M. Schuindt  , Marcus A. Caldeira  , Roberto C. Betini
Published: May 2017

This article seeks to determine a proposal for the use of thermal solar heaters for small residences in CuritibaPR, Brazil, being considered "small" residences of up to 100 m2 what is equal, according to the Institute of Research and Urban Planning of Curitiba (IPPUC), to 26% of the total of all of the residences of the city. For the elaboration of the work, the averages of solar irradiation were considered in the city. The factor of solar irradiation in this research is of addition importance, because it indicates us which is the participation of the solar energy in the generation of thermal energy through the system of solar heating. Being known the total thermal energy necessary, energy generated by the system of solar heating and the energy generated by the auxiliary system, it was possible to relate data obtained with the values of the tariffs of electric power of the city, and in this way, it was possible to study the economical viability of the system. In this proposal we verified that the investment return will come in the 5th year of implantation.
Photovoltaic Stand-Alone Power Generation System with Multilevel Inverter
Authors: M. I. Desconzi  , R. C. Beltrame  , C. Rech  , L. Schuch  , H. L. Hey
Published: May 2017

This paper proposes a decentralized stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system, which presents a set of advantages when compared to conventional stand-alone PV system. In the proposed system, the generated energy by the PV arrays is processed by multi-string MPPT step-up converters, which assure a maximum utilization of this energy. The storage system is designed in a decentralized configuration, enabling to achieve a reduction of maintenance cost of back-up system. Moreover, the output stage is composed by a multilevel dc-ac inverter, which enables higher efficiency, low distortion ac waveforms, low leakage currents and the use of low voltage rating semiconductor devices.