bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CIRBP promotes ferroptosis by interacting with ELAVL1 and activating ferritinophagy during renal ischaemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Sui Mingxing , Xu Da , Zhao Wenyu , Lu Hanlan , Chen Rui , Duan Yazhe , Li Yanhua , Zhu Youhua , Zhang Lei , Zeng Li
Published: June 2021

Renal ischaemia‐reperfusion (IR) is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein (CIRBP) may contribute to AKI because its deficiency protects against renal IR injury in a mechanism believed to involve ferroptosis. We aimed to investigate whether ferroptosis is associated with CIRBP‐mediated renal damage. The differential expression of CIRBP was examined in tubular epithelial (HK2) cells during hypoxia‐reoxygenation (HR) or in response to erastin, an inducer of ferroptosis. CIRBP expression was increased in response to HR or erastin in HK2 cells but the silencing of CIRBP inhibited HR and erastin‐induced ferroptosis together with ferritinophagy. We discovered an interaction between CIRBP and ELAVL1 using STRING software, which was verified through co‐immunoprecipitation and fluorescence colocalization assays. We found that ELAVL1 is a critical regulator in the activation of ferritinophagy and the promotion of ferroptosis. HR or erastin also induced the expression of ELAVL1. An autophagy inhibitor (hydroxychloroquine) or si‐ELAVL1 transfection reversed CIRBP‐enhanced ferritinophagy activation and ferroptosis in HK2 cells under HR. Injection of anti‐CIRBP antibody into a mouse model of IR inhibited ferroptosis and decreased renal IR injury in vivo. In summary, our results provide evidence that ferritinophagy‐mediated ferroptosis could be responsible for CIRBP‐enhanced renal IR injury.
Pro‐inflammatory signals induce 20α‐HSD expression in myometrial cells: A key mechanism for local progesterone withdrawal
Authors: Nadeem Lubna , Balendran Rathesh , Dorogin Anna , Mesiano Sam , Shynlova Oksana , Lye Stephen J.
Published: June 2021

Metabolism of progesterone (P4) by the enzyme 20α hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α‐HSD) in myometrial cells is postulated to be a mechanism for P4 withdrawal, which occurs concomitant to uterine inflammation (physiologic or infection‐induced) and associated activation of transcription factors: NF‐кB and AP‐1, common to term and preterm labour. We found that 20α‐HSD protein is significantly increased in human myometrium during term labour, and in mouse uterus during term and preterm labour. Treatment of human myometrial cells with the pro‐inflammatory mediators, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, mimicking infection) and 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA, mimicking inflammation), induced 20α‐HSD gene expression and increased 20α‐HSD protein abundance. LPS treatment decreased P4 release into the culture medium and resulted in up‐regulation of GJA1 in the hTERT‐HM cells. The NF‐кB /AP‐1 transcription factors mediated effects of LPS and TPA on 20α‐HSD gene transcription. Both pro‐inflammatory stimuli induced 20α‐HSD promoter activity in LPS/TPA‐treated cells which was significantly attenuated by inhibition of NF‐кB (JSH: 20 µM) or AP‐1 signalling (T5224: 10 µM). Deletion of NF‐кB consensus sites abrogated LPS‐mediated promoter induction, while removal of AP‐1 sites reversed the TPA‐mediated induction of 20α‐HSD promoter. We conclude that inflammatory stimuli (physiologic or pathologic) that activate NF‐кB or AP‐1 induce 20α‐HSD transcription and subsequent local P4 withdrawal resulting in up‐regulation of GJA1 and activation of myometrium that precedes labour.
Predictable 3D guided adhesive bonding of porcelain veneers using 3D printed trays
Authors: Silva Bruno Pereira , Mahn Arteaga Gustavo , Mahn Eduardo
Published: June 2021

Objective

This clinical report describes a novel digital technique to facilitate and improve the porcelain laminate veneers adhesive bonding procedure using a customized 3D printed guide.

Clinical considerations

Porcelain veneers can be stabilized in their fully seated position with a digitally design 3D printed guide before the resin cement is polymerized. The excess cement can be carefully and predictably removed without the risk of dislodgement, rotation or misfit, allowing the clinician to light cure them under controlled pressure in the correct seating position without the risk of fracturing the ceramic material.

Conclusions

Fabricating a custom 3D printed guide for veneer bonding provides significant assistance to an otherwise cumbersome and daunting clinical procedure.

Clinical significance

Adhesive bonding of multiple ceramic veneers is a challenging and technique sensitive procedure. The use of a custom 3D printed guide presented in this article offers a practical aid to achieve a more predictable and precise outcome.
Identification of soybean varieties based on hyperspectral imaging technology and one‐dimensional convolutional neural network
Authors: Li Hao , Zhang Liu , Sun Heng , Rao Zhenhong , Ji Haiyan
Published: June 2021

Variety identification of seeds is essential to ensure the purity and yield of the variety. A model based on hyperspectral imaging technology and one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) was proposed to distinguish soybean seed varieties in this article. A total of 3,600 soybean seeds (900 seeds per variety) of hyperspectral images in the spectral range of 866.4–1,701.0 nm were collected. Traditional machine learning models (k‐nearest neighbor, support vector machines, partial least squares discriminant analysis) and 1D CNN model were established based on different numbers of sample sets. The 1D CNN model was the most stable and had the highest classification accuracy, higher than 98%. Fivefold cross validation was used to evaluate the model, and the model achieved an accuracy of more than 95% in both the training set and the validation set. Finally, the t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding was used to visualize the feature values extracted by 1D CNN. The research results demonstrated that the 1D CNN model maintained good classification performance in soybean seed classification and had good application prospects in hyperspectral imaging technology.

Practical Applications

Variety identification of soybean seeds is essential to ensure the purity and yield of the variety. Different soybean varieties have different genetic purity, physical purity, germination ability and vigor, which are related to quality attributes, such as nutritional value, stress resistance, and final yield. In the past, most soybeans were identified using traditional machine learning algorithms combined with near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging technology to build models. This requires a series of operations, such as smoothing preprocessing and dimensionality reduction on hyperspectral data. These steps are too cumbersome and are not conducive to online hyperspectral monitoring systems. The results of this study show that it is feasible to use one‐dimensional convolutional neural network combined with hyperspectral technology to identify soybean seeds, and it also provides a new idea for building an online detection system in the future.
¡Qué mamada! (What a Joke!): Humor, Hostility, and Hospitality along the Central American Migrant Trail
Authors: Doering‐White John
Published: June 2021

Along the Central American migrant trail through Mexico, jokes and teasing offer a window into a transnational border regime defined by both migrant hospitality and xenophobic hostility. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in a welding workshop in Monterrey, a city in Northern Mexico where Central Americans are increasingly waylaid on journeys to the US‐Mexico border, this article examines playfully derisive and sexually charged jokes, enacted materially through everyday objects like pickup trucks, coke bottles, and welding torches, as rhetorical strategies that migrant guests rely on to negotiate the contradictions of welcome and trespass that anthropologists have largely discussed through the lens of humanitarianism. These dynamics illuminate how intersecting migrant communities reify and reconfigure ambiguities of solidarity and suspicion that surround transit migration as ethical‐moral border regimes increasingly push migrant communities toward informal hospitality spaces at the margins of the West.
Workplace bullying, personality traits and health among hospital nurses: The mediating effect of social support
Authors: Fang Li , Hsiao Li‐Ping , Fang Shu‐Hui , Chen Bao‐Chen
Published: June 2021

Aims and objectives

This study aimed to explore the status of nursing staff's workplace bullying, personality traits, social support and mental health, to find out the predictors of nursing staff's health, and to explore whether social support is a mediator to regulate the impact of workplace bullying on mental health.

Background

Bullying could cause physical and psychological problems, and nursing workplace bullying causes not only health problems of nursing staff but also patient safety problems. "Workplace bullying" is a worthy topic to pay attention to. Only limited studies could be discovered about the mediating effects between workplace bullying and health.

Methods

Cross‐sectional and correlation designs were used. The STROBE was used as a checklist for this study.

Results

The results showed that the frequency of poor sleep quality ≥3 days in recent 2 weeks (p < .001), external control personality traits (p = .016), workplace bullying (p < .001) and less social support (p = .001) were the main predictors of the health problems among nurses, and social support was the mediator between workplace bullying and health problems.

Conclusion

It is recommended that hospital managers should apply regular sleep–wake schedule by designing a biological clock‐compliant shift in order to promote good sleep hygiene of the nurses. Providing educational programmes and building up policies to decrease workplace bullying and increase social supports are suggested.

Relevance to clinical practice

Hospital managers should provide education and training related to the prevention of bullying and establish communication and consultation channels for the bullied. Nursing managers should also educate nurses to establish effective social networks with family, friends and colleagues to prevent health problems.
Serum levels of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in pregnant women: Maternal predictors and associations with birth outcomes in the PIPA Project
Authors: Espindola Santos Aline de Souza , Meyer Armando , Dabkiewicz Vanessa Emídio , Câmara Volney de Magalhães , Asmus Carmen Ildes Rodrigues Froes
Published: June 2021

Aim

Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are persistent pollutants associated with adverse birth outcomes. This study aimed to identify predictors of blood PFOA and PFOS concentrations in pregnant women and to estimate their associations with birth outcomes in Brazil.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study with 139 pregnant women enrolled in the pilot study of the Rio Birth Cohort Study on Environmental Exposure and Childhood Development (PIPA Project). Multiple linear regression was used to estimate associations between PFOA and PFOS with maternal predictors and birth outcomes.

Results

Higher levels of PFOA were observed in women aged 16–19 and 20–39 years, while fish consumption from 0.6 to 2.0 times per week was associated with lower levels of the substance. PFOS levels were higher in women living in houses with up to four rooms but lower in those who reported passive exposure to smoking. Increased newborn length and head circumference were also associated with higher maternal levels of PFOA.

Conclusions

In our study, age, fish consumption, passive smoking, and the number of rooms in the house were predictors of maternal PFAS levels. However, we did not observe significant associations between maternal plasma PFAS concentrations and birth outcomes.
Renal function in patients with significant tricuspid regurgitation: pathophysiological mechanisms and prognostic implications
Authors: Butcher S. C. , Fortuni F. , Dietz M. F. , Prihadi E. A. , van der Bijl P. , Ajmone Marsan N. , Bax J. J. , Delgado V.
Published: June 2021

Background

The pathophysiological mechanisms linking tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain unknown. This study aimed to determine which pathophysiological mechanisms related to TR are independently associated with renal dysfunction and to evaluate the impact of renal impairment on long‐term prognosis in patients with significant (≥ moderate) secondary TR.

Methods

A total of 1234 individuals (72 [IQR 63–78] years, 50% male) with significant secondary TR were followed up for the occurrence of all‐cause mortality and the presence of significant renal impairment (eGFR of <60 mL min−1 1.73 m−2) at the time of baseline echocardiography.

Results

Multivariable analysis demonstrated that severe right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (TAPSE < 14 mm) was independently associated with the presence of significant renal impairment (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.99, P = 0.008). Worse renal function was associated with a significant reduction in survival at 1 and 5 years (85% vs. 87% vs. 68% vs. 58% at 1 year, and 72% vs. 64% vs. 39% vs. 19% at 5 years, for stage 1, 2, 3 and 4–5 CKD groups, respectively, P < 0.001). The presence of severe RV dysfunction was associated with reduced overall survival in stage 1–3 CKD groups, but not in stage 4–5 CKD groups.

Conclusions

Of the pathophysiological mechanisms identified by echocardiography that are associated with significant secondary TR, only severe RV dysfunction was independently associated with the presence of significant renal impairment. In addition, worse renal function according to CKD group was associated with a significant reduction in survival.
#LadiesWeGotYou: Stances of moral–political alignment in the formation of group Identity on Facebook
Authors: Zentz Lauren
Published: June 2021

In this article I focus on how leaders of a progressive activist group in Houston, Texas interacted with each other on Facebook, collaboratively formulating a group identity exemplified through a set of stances that I callmoral political stances. Through microlevel examination of two postcomment sequences, I examine exactly how these participants wrote themselves into being as a singular and unified group of politically and morally motivated actors. As the group collectively relied upon and supported each other's assumptions of moral political stances, they actively constructed their own group identity, in front‐ and backstage spaces, as the leaders and organizers of the structure and moral political framework of their activist organization. This collaborative construction, I argue, was further meant to influence and set the moral guidelines for the larger group identities of their organization and to portray this identity to groups of their Facebook Friends beyond these circles.
Farm Dinner Theater: Testing an innovative health and safety intervention among older farmers and their families
Authors: McCallum Debra M. , Reed Deborah B. , Claunch Deborah T. , Davis Cali M. , Conaway Michael B.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The effectiveness of a novel intervention for increasing health and safety behaviors of older farmers was tested. Blending didactic and readers’ theater techniques, Farm Dinner Theater (FDT) engages farmers in discussions of health and safety in a nonthreatening social atmosphere supportive of potential changes.

Methods

Through community collaborations, farmers 45 years and older were recruited in 8 communities for the FDT. For each site, 3 scripts were prepared highlighting health and safety issues especially relevant for older farmers. The brief plays were performed in a dinner theater format, with group discussion following each play. Printed educational packets (EPs) addressing the same topics were mailed to comparison groups of participants in 9 communities. In telephone interviews conducted 2 weeks and 2 months later, 870 participants (553 FDT and 317 EP) reported health and safety‐related changes they had made in their farm operations.

Findings

FDT participants were more likely than EP participants to report having made any changes and reported making more changes on both the 2‐week and 2‐month follow‐up assessments. This outcome occurred when analyzing all farms and when considering only farms with at least 1 participant who spent 10 or more hours per week farming.

Conclusions

FDT is a fun, relaxing intervention; it is acceptable to farming communities; and it is more effective in producing health and safety‐related changes than the common approach of providing printed materials. FDT not only had a greater impact than EP, but it has the potential to reach larger audiences due to its greater appeal.
Spatial and seasonal variations in surface water temperature and salinity in the Mexico‐Belize riverine estuary: Possible comfort conditions for manatees?
Authors: Callejas‐Jiménez Mariana E. , Alcérreca‐Huerta Juan Carlos , Morales‐Vela Benjamin , Carrillo Laura
Published: June 2021

The Mexican Caribbean and Belize are home to one of the largest populations of Caribbean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus). However, the transboundary Hondo River estuary is less examined compared to the surrounding protected areas. This paper provides a quantitative description of the spatial and temporal variability in abiotic factors and manatee distribution throughout the Hondo River estuary, with monthly field measurements during 2018–2019. Simultaneously, visual observations and side‐scan sonar detection were implemented, with 84 manatee sightings reported (calves 11.9%, noncalves 88.1%). Heatmap and frequency analyses showed that most manatee sightings occurred at the riverine estuary limit, the confluences between the river and the bay into which it flows. The surface water temperature and salinity ranged 28°C ≤ T ≤ 32°C and 0.5 PSU ≤ S ≤ 4.5 PSU for ~72% of the manatees identified, potentially describing locally preferred conditions for manatees. During the regional mid‐summer drought, higher temperature (31.5°C), salinity (18 PSU), and estuary extent (17.6 km) were recorded, including the maximum peak of manatee sightings (~31%). The roles of these abiotic factors are discussed as tentative environmental comfort conditions for manatees that could reduce their energy and maintenance costs. The identification of preferred conditions could broaden perspectives on how manatees interact with their habitats.
Size‐dependent eco‐evolutionary feedbacks in harvested systems
Authors: Edeline Eric , Loeuille Nicolas
Published: June 2021

Harvesting may drive body downsizing along with population declines and decreased harvesting yields. These changes are commonly construed as consequences of direct harvest selection, where small‐bodied, early‐reproducing individuals are immediately favoured. However, together with directly selecting against a large body size, harvesting and body downsizing alter many ecological features, such as competitive and trophic interactions, and thus also indirectly reshape natural selection acting back on body sizes through eco‐evolutionary feedback loops (EEFLs). We sketch plausible scenarios of simple EEFLs in which one‐dimensional, density‐dependent natural selection acts either antagonistically or synergistically with direct harvest selection on body size. Antagonistic feedbacks favour body‐size stasis but erode genetic variability and associated body‐size evolvability, and may ultimately impair population persistence and recovery. In contrast, synergistic feedbacks drive fast evolution towards smaller body sizes and favour population resilience, but may have far‐reaching bottom–up or top–down effects. We illustrate the further complexities resulting from multiple environmental feedbacks using a co‐evolving predator–prey pair, in which case outcomes from EEFLs depend not only on population densities, but also on whether prey sit above or below the optimal predator/prey body‐size ratio, and whether prey are more or less evolvable than their predators. EEFLs improve our ability to understand and predict nature's response to harvesting, but their integration into the research agenda will require a full consideration of the effects and dynamics of natural selection.
A poplar B‐box protein PtrBBX23 modulates the accumulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in response to high light
Authors: Li Chaofeng , Pei Jinli , Yan Xin , Cui Xin , Tsuruta Momi , Liu Ying , Lian Chunlan
Published: June 2021

Flavonoids, which modulate plant resistance to various stresses, can be induced by high light. B‐box (BBX) transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in the transcriptional regulation of flavonoids biosynthesis, but limited information is available on the association of BBX proteins with high light. We present a detailed overview of 45 Populus trichocarpa BBX TFs. Phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, tissue‐specific expression patterns and expression profiles were determined under 10 stress or phytohormone treatments to screen candidate BBX proteins associated with the flavonoid pathway. Sixteen candidate genes were identified, of which five were expressed predominantly in young leaves and roots, and BBX23 showed the most distinct response to high light. Overexpression of BBX23 in poplar activated expression of MYB TFs and structural genes in the flavonoid pathway, thereby promoting the accumulation of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins. CRISPR/Cas9‐generated knockout of BBX23 resulted in the opposite trend. Furthermore, the phenotype induced by BBX23 overexpression was enhanced under exposure to high light. BBX23 was capable of binding directly to the promoters of proanthocyanidin‐ and anthocyanin‐specific genes, and its interaction with HY5 enhanced activation activity. We identified novel regulators of flavonoid biosynthesis in poplar, thereby enhancing our general understanding of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms involved.
Is prolonged monitoring necessary? An updated approach to infantile hemangioma treatment with oral propranolol
Authors: Johansen Maija Liv , Mahendran Geetha , Lawley Leslie P.
Published: June 2021

Background/Objectives

Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are the most common soft‐tissue tumors in childhood, occurring in up to 1 in 10 infants. Oral propranolol has been well established as the first‐line treatment of complicated hemangiomas; however, variability in the administration protocol remains. We sought to evaluate our current propranolol treatment protocols to determine if the level of monitoring and follow‐up predicts immediate or future adverse events by comparing one in‐person visit vs two in‐person visits versus teledermatology for treatment initiation and dose escalation.

Methods

We analyzed retrospective data on 279 patients diagnosed with IH and treated with oral propranolol on an in‐person or virtual telemedicine outpatient basis from January 01, 2015 through May 31, 2020. Data were collected via chart review on all aspects of patient demographics, treatment indication, treatment initiation, adverse events, and follow‐up visits.

Results

Two monitoring visits (Protocol 1) versus one (Protocol 2) was not associated with decreased adverse outcomes (P = .255). The odds of having an adverse event in Protocol 1 compared to Protocol 2 was insignificant (OR: 0.64; CI: 0.30‐1.38). The most frequently reported adverse event among patients in both protocols was sleep disturbance. However, it did not vary significantly among the groups (P = .980, OR: 0.98, CI: 0.35‐2.69).

Conclusion

Prolonged in‐office monitoring of propranolol initiation and dose escalation (Protocol 1) may not be necessary for the setting of adequate prescreening as it does not predict immediate or future adverse events.
Correlation between the number of viable tumor cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment in non‐small cell lung cancer after induction therapy
Authors: Hoshino Hironobu , Aokage Keiju , Miyoshi Tomohiro , Tane Kenta , Kojima Motohiro , Sugano Masato , Kuwata Takeshi , Ochiai Atsushi , Suzuki Kenji , Tsuboi Masahiro , Ishii Genichiro
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the correlation between the percent viable tumor cells (%VTC) and the tumor microenvironment in resected non‐small cell lung cancer after induction therapy. We enrolled 72 patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or chemotherapy (CT) prior to surgery. The ratio of the area of viable tumor cells to the total tumor area was calculated to obtain the %VTC. We also examined the number of CD4 (+), CD8 (+), CD20 (+) and FOXP3 (+) tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), podoplanin (PDPN) (+) cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and CD204 (+) tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In the CRT group (n = 37), the tumors had significantly lower %VTC than the CT group (n = 35) (P < 0.001). In both of the CT group and CRT group, the %VTC showed a significant positive correlation with the number of CD204 (+)‐TAMs (P = 0.014 and 0.005, respectively). Only in the CRT group, a higher number of CD204 (+) TAMs was associated with a shorter overall survival (OS) (P = 0.007) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) (P = 0.015). In the CRT group, the number of CD204 (+) TAMs is associated with %VTC and prognosis, suggesting that these cells may have tumor‐promoting effects on the residual lung cancer in specific microenvironments after CRT.
On the Resource Allocation for Political Campaigns
Authors: Morales Sebastián , Thraves Charles
Published: June 2021

In an election campaign, candidates must decide how to optimally allocate their efforts/resources optimally among the regions of a country. As a result, the outcome of the election will depend on the players' strategies and the voters' preferences. In this work, we present a zero‐sum game where two candidates decide how to invest a fixed resource in a set of regions, while considering their sizes and biases. We explore the two voting systems, the Majority System (MS) and the Electoral College (EC). We prove equilibrium existence and uniqueness under MS in a deterministic model; in addition, their closed form expressions are provided when fixing the subset of regions and relaxing the non‐negative investing constraint. For the stochastic case, we use Monte Carlo simulations to compute the players' payoffs. For the EC, given the lack of equilibrium in pure strategies, we propose an iterative algorithm to find equilibrium in mixed strategies in a subset of the simplex lattice. We illustrate numerical instances under both election systems, and contrast players' equilibrium strategies. We show that polarization induces candidates to focus on larger regions with negative biases under MS, whereas candidates concentrate on swing states under EC. Finally, we calibrate the analyzed models with real data from the US 2020 presidential election.
Socially induced negative affective knowledge modulates early face perception but not gaze cueing of attention
Authors: Matyjek Magdalena , Kroczek Bartłomiej , Senderecka Magdalena
Published: June 2021

Prior affective and social knowledge about other individuals has been shown to modulate perception of their faces and gaze‐related attentional processes. However, it remains unclear whether emotionally charged knowledge acquired through interactive social learning also modulates face processing and attentional control. Thus, the aim of this study was to test whether affective knowledge induced through social interactions in a naturalistic exchange game can influence early stages of face processing and attentional shifts in a subsequent gaze‐cueing task. As indicated by self‐reported ratings, the game was successful in inducing valenced affective knowledge towards positive and negative players. In the subsequent task, in which the locations of future targets were cued by the gaze of the game players, we observed enhanced early neural activity (larger amplitude of the P1 component) in response to a photograph of the negative player. This indicates that negative affective knowledge about an individual indeed modulates very early stages of the processing of this individual's face. Our study contributes to the existing literature by providing further evidence for the saliency of interactive social exchange paradigms that are used to induce affective knowledge. Moreover, it extends the previous research by presenting a very early modulation of perception by socially learned affective knowledge. Importantly, it also offers increased ecological validity of the findings due to the use of naturalistic social exchange in the study design.
Living Literacies in a Märchenwelt: World Building and Perspective Taking in a Fairy‐Tale Simulation Project
Authors: Timlin Chelsea , Warner Chantelle , Clark Laurie , Ploschnitzki Patrick
Published: June 2021

Because of their presumably familiar plot lines and character tropes, the Grimm Brothers’ fairy tales are often included as one of the earliest literary selections in German language and culture curricula. However, for learners to engage more critically and interpretively with fairy‐tale genres, it is exactly their assumed familiarity with the classical versions that needs to be challenged. At the same time – and as multiliteracies approaches to language teaching can help explicate –, 19th‐century narrative conventions are linguistically and stylistically quite removed from the communicative and literacy practices typically encountered in the beginning levels of instruction, and the leap in discursive complexity from more everyday genres to even more familiar fairy tales requires pedagogical support. This article reports on a global simulation unit that was developed and implemented in a fourth‐semester German course focused on fairy tales to address these pedagogical concerns. Students were asked to not only read about but to live out the fairy‐tale worlds and personas depicted in the Grimms’ tales by engaging in perspective taking and world building activities, as they adopted a character from a Grimms’ fairy tale.
Ablation of a Solid Material by High Temperature Liquid Jet Impingement: An Application to Corium Jet Impingement on a Sfr Core-Catcher
Authors: Lecoanet Alexandre , Gradeck Michel , Gaus-Liu Xiaoyang , Cron Thomas , Fluhrer Beatrix , Payot Frederic , Journeau Christophe , Rimbert Nicolas
Published: June 2021

This paper deals with ablation of a solid by a high temperature liquid jet. This phenomenon is a key issue to maintain the vessel integrity during the course of a nuclear reactor severe accident with melting of the core. Depending on the course of such an accident, high temperature corium jets might impinge and ablate the vessel material leading to its potential failure. Since Fukushima Daiichi accident, new mitigation measures are under study. As a designed safety feature of a future European SFR, bearing the purpose of quickly draining of the corium out of the core and protecting the reactor vessel against the attack of molten melt, the in-core corium is relocated via discharge tubes to an in-vessel core-catcher has been planned. The core-catcher design to withstand corium jet impingement demands the knowledge of very complex phenomena such as the dynamics of cavity formation and associated heat transfers. Even studied in the past, no complete data are available concerning the variation of jet parameters and solid structure materials. For a deep understanding of this phenomenon, new tests have been performed using both simulant and prototypical jet and core catcher materials. Part of these tests have been done at University of Lorraine using hot liquid water impinging on transparent ice block allowing for the visualizations of the cavity formation. Other tests have been performed in Karlsruhe Institute of Technology using liquid steel impinging on steel block.
Reactor Shutdown and Reactor Restart
Authors: Shen Wei , Rouben Benjamin
Published: June 2021

The power referred to most frequently in reactor physics is neutron power. Neutron power is essentially the fission rate multiplied by the average prompt energy released and recovered per fission (see Section 2.1.2). It is also called “prompt” power, as it appears very quickly following fission. We cannot measure neutron power directly, but we do monitor the neutron flux with ion chambers located outside the calandria and in-core flux detectors. These neutronic signals are calibrated to the thermal-power measurement which allows neutron power to be derived.
CANDU Reactor.Physics Analysis Methods and Computer Codes
Authors: Shen Wei , Rouben Benjamin
Published: June 2021

Reactor physics aims to understand accurately the reactivity and the distribution of all the reaction rates (most importantly of the power), and their rate of change in time, for any reactor configuration. To do this, the multiplication factor (or, equivalently, reactivity) and the neutron-flux distribution under various operating conditions and at different times need to be calculated repeatedly. Most of the other parameters of interest (such as neutron reaction rates, power, heat deposition, etc.) are derived from them. They are governed by the geometry, the material composition and the nuclear data (i.e., the neutron cross sections, their energy dependence, the energy spectra and the angular distributions of secondary particles, etc.). For radiation-shielding calculations, additional photon interactions and coupled neutron-photon interaction data are required.
Short.Term Reactivity Change: Xenon Effects
Authors: Shen Wei , Rouben Benjamin
Published: June 2021

Most fission products absorb neutrons to some extent and they accumulate slowly as the fuel burnup increases, hence decrease the long-term reactivity. The neutron-absorbing fission-product xenon-135 has particular operational importance. Its concentrations can change quickly in a power maneuvre, producing major changes in neutron absorption on a relatively short-time scale (minutes).
Short.Term Reactivity Change: Local.Parameter Reactivity Feedback
Authors: Shen Wei , Rouben Benjamin
Published: June 2021

A change in power for an operating reactor generally alters local parameters in the reactor such as the temperatures of the fuel, moderator, and coolant. A change in any of these local parameters causes a change in reactivity that, in turn, affects reactor operation (a feedback effect). Local parameters help to understand the feedback reactivity components related to the core evolution. For the CANDU reactor, the most important local parameters are the following:
Approach to Criticality
Authors: Shen Wei , Rouben Benjamin
Published: June 2021

Source neutrons are essential for reactor restart after a long shutdown. The term “source neutrons” applied to a particular time interval refers to a steady supply of neutrons, constant over the time interval of interest. This supply must be independent of the current or very recent fission rate, which can vary over the time interval. Thus, source neutrons exclude prompt neutrons and even delayed neutrons which originate in the fuel (i.e., those born in the fuel itself). This exclusion does not apply to delayed photoneutrons, which come from fissions that have occurred a long time before, and whose numbers are quite constant over the current time interval (further discussion of this point below).
‘We're Hands-On People’: Healing Diabetes in the Absence of Traditional Healers in an Aboriginal Community in Northern Territory, Australia.
Authors: Mitchell Ashleigh Elizabeth , Farrelly Trisia , Andrews Robyn
Published: June 2021

This study of a remote Aboriginal community in Australia’s Northern Territory in 2014 sought to understand diabetes from a local Aboriginal perspective. Participants drew on a variety of holistic healing methods in the absence of an individual or individuals identified as holding a healing role in the community. The study offers an alternative to the common assumption that all communities can identify specific individuals as Aboriginal healers who are central to maintaining Aboriginal beliefs and wellbeing who contribute to holistic health (Clarke 2008; Maher 1999; McDonald 2006; Seathre 2013; Williams 2011). This research found the seven adult Aboriginal diabetes patients participating in the longitudinal ethnographic study actively engaged in self-healing strategies. Moreover, diabetes clinicians could combine local remedies and biomedical treatment to heal diabetes within the clinic, as well as actively engaging the patient in their own treatment, effective to reduce the symptoms and prevalence of diabetes in Aboriginal populations.
Time reversal focusing in the audible range using a tunable sonic crystal
Authors: Gomez Valeria Sol , Spiousas Ignacio , Eguia Manuel C.
Published: June 2021

Time reversal (TR) focusing of acoustical waves is a widely studied phenomenon that usually requires a chaotic cavity or disordered scattering medium to achieve spatial and frequency decorrelation of the acoustic field when using a single channel. On the other hand, sonic crystals were disregarded as scattering media for the TR process because of their periodic structure and previous results showing poor spatial focusing when compared to a disordered medium. In this paper, an experimental realization of a tunable sonic crystal, which can achieve single-channel TR focusing amplitudes in the audible range comparable to those obtained in a disordered scattering medium, is presented. Furthermore, the tunable nature of the system allows it to switch the time-reversed pulse on and off by changing its geometrical configuration. A robustness analysis with respect to the perturbations in the sonic crystal configurations is also presented, showing that the time-reversed pulses with high temporal and spatial contrasts are preserved only for configurations that are close to the original one.
Constitutive models for well-entangled living polymers beyond the fast-breaking limit
Authors: Peterson J. D. , Cates M. E.
Published: June 2021

In well-entangled living polymers, there is a complex relationship between reversible polymerization reactions and stress relaxation dynamics. This relationship is already well-understood in the “fast-breaking” limit, where polymers tend to break apart much faster than they can relax interior tube segments by reptation. For well-entangled living polymers that are not necessarily fast-breaking, we introduce a new suite of computationally efficient partial differential equation models for linear and nonlinear rheology. For linear rheology calculations, we retain full-chain depictions of standard stress relaxation processes (reptation, double reptation, contour length fluctuations, etc.) and replace the reaction terms with a simple “shuffling” approximation. Besides predicting bulk rheology, these shuffling models also yield new insights into the rheological contribution from chains at different sectors of the molecular weight distribution. Generalizing to nonlinear rheology models, additional approximations must be made with respect to reptation and constraint release in order to facilitate applications in computational fluid dynamics. To evaluate... a pair of constitutive models with complementary strengths and weaknesses: LRP-f (living Rolie-Poly, fitted) and STARM-E (simplified tube approximation for rapid-breaking micelles, extended). Nonlinear rheology calculations are provided for both models over a range of flow conditions in both fast-breaking and semi-slow breaking systems. In spite of their differing assumptions and approximations, we find that both models are capable of producing similar results. From this, we conclude that the predictions of the LRP-f and STARM-E models reflect their shared physical basis, and hence either model can be used with reasonable confidence for describing nonlinear rheology in systems of well-entangled living polymers across the fast/slow breaking spectrum.
Natural loss of function of ephrin-B3 shapes spinal flight circuitry in birds
Authors: Haimson Baruch , Meir Oren , Sudakevitz-Merzbach Reut , Elberg Gerard , Friedrich Samantha , Lovell Peter V. , Paixão Sónia , Klein Rüdiger , Mello Claudio V. , Klar Avihu
Published: June 2021

Spinal circuitry that enables wing flapping in birds evolved via genetic alternations of a guidance molecule.
Genomic Characterization of Klebsiella quasipneumoniae from Clinical Specimens in Singapore
Authors: Chew Ka Lip , Octavia Sophie , Lai Deborah , Lin Raymond T. P. , Teo Jeanette W. P.
Published: June 2021

A total of 1,281 specimens from 1,024 patients were screened. Phylogenetic analysis classified 44 of these isolates as
Klebsiella quasipneumoniae
subsp.
similipneumoniae
(44/1,281 [3.4%]) and the remaining three as
K. quasipneumoniae
subsp.
quasipneumoniae.
The most common specimen source was urine (21/47 [44.7%]) followed by blood (14/47 [29.8%]).
K. quasipneumoniae
isolates were nonclonal.
Predominance of Human Bocavirus Genotypes 1 and 2 in Oysters in Thailand
Authors: Kumthip Kattareeya , Khamrin Pattara , Ushijima Hiroshi , Maneekarn Niwat
Published: June 2021

Human bocavirus is recognized as an important cause of respiratory infection and of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Human bocavirus has been widely detected in many clinical specimens, as well as in several types of environmental samples.
Low Cytoplasmic Magnesium Increases the Specificity of the Lon and ClpAP Proteases
Authors: Yeom Jinki , Groisman Eduardo A.
Published: June 2021

The bacterium
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium narrows down the spectrum of substrates degraded by the proteases Lon and ClpAP in response to low cytoplasmic Mg
2+
, a condition that decreases protein synthesis. This control is exerted by PhoP, a transcriptional regulator activated in low cytoplasmic Mg
2+
that governs proteostasis and is conserved in enteric bacteria. The uncovered mechanism enables bacteria to control the abundance of preexisting proteins.
Induction of plasma protein secretion in a newly established human hepatoma cell line
Authors: Chang C , Lin Y , O-Lee T W , Chou C K , Lee T S , Liu T J , P'eng F K , Chen T Y , Hu C P
Published: June 2021

To study the expression and the regulation of hepatocyte markers, we have undertaken to establish human hepatoma cell lines of various phenotypes. We now report the establishment of a new human hepatoma cell line, HA22T/VGH. This cell line has many of the properties of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Only 5 of 15 plasma proteins investigated were detected in the medium of a 10-day-old HA22T/VGH culture. However, when the HA22T/VGH cells and a clonal derivative, C5, were cultured in an aggregated form, all 15 plasma proteins were found in the culture medium. These results indicate that hepatoma cell lines with different phenotypes can be established, and they provide a good experimental framework to investigate differentiation of human hepatocytes.
Genome Sequence of
Mannheimia haemolytica
MHA.Sh.MOR19 Serotype 1, a Moroccan Sheep Isolate
Authors: Bkiri Dounia , Fellahi Siham , Khayi Slimane , Omari Tadlaoui Khalid , Fassi Fihri Ouafaa , El Harrak Mehdi
Published: June 2021

Mannheimia haemolytica
is the principle bacterial pathogen in ruminants associated with respiratory disease. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the
Mannheimia haemolytica
MHA.Sh.MOR19 strain that was recently isolated in the northwest of Morocco from the lung of a lamb with pneumonia that died. The genome size is 2,434,458 bp.
Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences of Four
Zanthoxylum
L. Species (Sapindales: Rutaceae) from the Caribbean, Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands, and the South Pacific
Authors: Reichelt Niklas , Wen Jun , Pätzold Claudia , Appelhans Marc S.
Published: June 2021

Zanthoxylum
is a genus of woody plants in the Citrus family (Rutaceae) distributed pantropically, with some species extending to temperate regions in East Asia and North America. Here, we present the complete chloroplast genome sequences of four species, two of them critically endangered, endemic to tropical islands.
Complete Coding Genome Sequence of a Novel Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism 1-4-4 Lineage 1C Variant Identified in Iowa, USA
Authors: Trevisan Giovani , Li Ganwu , Moura Cesar A. A. , Coleman Katie , Thomas Pete , Zhang Jianqiang , Gauger Philip , Zeller Michael , Linhares Daniel
Published: June 2021

A porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 strain was identified in lung samples from nursery piglets associated with a 17.15% mortality rate on a swine farm in Iowa, USA. Open reading frame 5 (ORF5) sequencing indicated that this strain is a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) 1-4-4 lineage 1C variant strain, and its complete coding genome sequence was determined.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Shewanella
sp. Strain BF02_Schw, Isolated from Blood Falls, a Feature Where Subglacial Brine Discharges to the Surface of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Boles Bruce W. , Murdoch Robert W. , Ohlsson Ingemar , Mikucki Jill A.
Published: June 2021

We report the sequencing, assembly, and draft genome of
Shewanella
sp. strain BF02_Schw. The assembly contains 5,304,243 bp, with a GC content of 41.43%.
Evolution of VIM-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from a Hospital Outbreak Reveals the Genetic Bases of the Loss of the Urease-Positive Identification Character
Authors: Cabanel Nicolas , Rosinski-Chupin Isabelle , Chiarelli Adriana , Botin Tatiana , Tato Marta , Canton Rafael , Glaser Philippe
Published: June 2021

Evolution of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens occurs at multiple scales, in the patient, locally in the hospital, or more globally. Some mutations or gene acquisitions, for instance in response to antibiotic treatment, may be restricted to a single patient due to their high fitness cost.
Supplemental Material: Contrasting northern and southern European winter climate trends during the Last Interglacial
Authors: Salonen Sakari , al. et
Published: June 2021

Paleoclimate reconstructions, pollen–climate calibration data, and cross-validation results.
Medullary brain abscess secondary to dental procedure caused byStreptococcus intermedius
Authors: Verma Amit , Qutab Saad , Baig Mahum
Published: June 2021

Brainstem abscess is an uncommon occurrence in itself and an abscess in the medulla oblongata is even rarer. Although these abscesses have established association with head and neck infections, we report the first known case of medullary abscess that was found to be strongly associated with dental procedure. Important point to note is that a simple procedure like tooth extraction can predispose spread of infective seeding to distant sites. High clinical index of suspicion and early diagnosis are essential, as if left untreated, the brainstem abscess is almost always fatal otherwise.
Abdominal flank bulge following intercostal neurectomy for symptomatic rib fracture nonunion
Authors: Prins Jonne T H , Wijffels Mathieu M E
Published: June 2021

The gold standard for rib fracture nonunion management remains a matter of debate. Operative treatment of rib fracture nonunion has become increasingly popular. A 69-year-old man was operatively treated with intercostal neurectomy of the left eighth rib to resolve chronic thoracic pain following a rib fracture nonunion. After the intervention, the patient developed a flank bulge which was most likely due to the intercostal neurectomy, causing partial denervation of the abdominal musculature. Although the pain at the nonunion site decreased after the operative intervention, the patient still experienced severe pain during daily activities and reported poor quality of life due to the flank bulge. Physiotherapy and an abdominal belt did not improve this flank bulge. When considering operative neurectomy of the intercostal nerves of ribs 7–12 to resolve chronic pain due to rib fracture nonunion, the treating surgeon should be aware of this debilitating complication.
Subacute effusive-constrictive pericarditis in a patient with COVID-19
Authors: Diaconu Rodica , Popescu Lucian , Voicu Anda , Donoiu Ionut
Published: June 2021

We report the case of a previously healthy young woman, who developed a severe form of COVID-19 with massive pneumonia and acute pericarditis in whom constrictive physiology developed rapidly. To our knowledge, this represents the second reported case of SARS-CoV-2 constrictive pericarditis, a rare, but severe cardiac complication.