bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yakut somatisms denoting elements of the elevated relief (in comparison with other Turkic languages)
Authors: СТРУЧКОВА Я.В.
Published: July 2023

Аннотация. Данная статья посвящена анализу метафорических соматизмов арҕас ‘спина’, биил ‘талия’, быар ‘печень’, сүрэх ‘сердце’, төбө ‘голова’, тумус ‘нос, клюв’, обозначающих элементы возвышенного рельефа земной поверхности, в современном якутском языке в сравнительном аспекте с другими тюркскими языками. Целью данной статьи являются выявление и описание орографических терминов, образованных от соматизмов в современном якутском языке с решением следующих задач: систематизации соматизмов в орографической терминологии якутского языка, ее классификации по тематическим группам и сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа якутских соматизмов, обозначающих элементы возвышенного рельефа, с тюркскими и монгольскими языками. Актуальность исследования обусловлена безотлагательной необходимостью фиксации, систематизации, изучения и сохранения в информационном поле лингвистов столь специфического пласта якутской географической лексики, как орография, находящейся под угрозой исчезновения в силу ряда причин социолингвистического и социоэкономического характера. В статье использовались метод сплошной выборки, лексико-семантический анализ, сравнительно-сопоставительный метод, приемы исследования на основе лексикографических источников по тюркским языкам. Сравнительно-сопоставительным методом установлено, что соматическая лексика в тюркских языках в значительной части общая. Совпадает и употребление этой лексики в качестве орографических терминов. Вместе с тем в некоторых тюркских языках наблюдаются расхождения в плане содержания орографических значений анализируемых соматизмов. В тюркских языках наблюдаются соответствия, представляющие собой: 1) общетюркские орографические термины-соматизмы; 2) орографические термины-соматизмы, связывающие тюркские языки Сибири с кыпчакскими. Термины-соматизмы характерны для орографической терминологии монгольских языков, а иногда обнаруживаются и в географической терминологии тунгусо-маньчжурских языков. На этом основании соматизмы могут рассматриваться как дополнительный источник для понимания особенностей и законо-мерностей формирования орографической терминологии Сибири.
Ecosystem of the byuk stromatolites in the vendian period
Authors: КОЛОСОВ П.Н. , ОХЛОПКОВА И.Ф.
Published: July 2023

Аннотация. В вендском периоде (650–541 млн лет назад) современная территория Сибири находилась недалеко от палеоэкватора, была отдельным континентом. Теплые моря на Сибирской платформе были благоприятными для развития микроорганизмов, остатки которых сохранились в окаменевшем виде в карбонатных отложениях. В 1972 г. строматолиты столбчатой формы в порохтахской свите (венд, р. Олекма) северо-западного склона Алданской антеклизы названы «юрюзания туруктахика». Установлено их присутствие и в бюкской свите венда на юге Березовского прогиба. Какой была экосистема этого строматолита во время его формирования? Этому вопросу посвящена данная статья, которая базируется на изложенных ранее методике и результатах. Строматолиты сформировались на мелководье эпиконтинентального моря. Их фундамент в форме пластовых строматолитов заложили своей породообразующей жизнедеятельностью коккоидные цианобактерии и пластинчатые зеленые водоросли при участии бактерий. Как и современные водоросли, вендские формы предположительно выделяли в водную среду такие органические вещества, как углеводы, аминокислоты, липиды, фенолы и ферменты. Кроме водорослей, крахмалы образовывали цианобактерии. Богатая органикой экосистема пластовых строматолитов привлекала питающиеся готовыми органическими веществами водные одноклеточные дрожжевые грибы, которые паразитировали на талломах водорослей. Дрожжи размножались путем образования спор, делением и почкованием. Клетки (особи) росли путем выпячивания оболочки, образования выростов. По аналогии с современными дрожжами бюкские формы, по-видимому, в благоприятной палеоэкосистеме размножались и росли очень быстро. Так начался рост строматолитов столбчатой формы («юрюзания туруктахика»). В рассматриваемой изменчивой из-за приливов и отливов экосистеме сперва появились дрожжево-мицелиальные грибы Sakhi solomonovi, а затем мицелиальные грибы Surninia implicate. Так первоначально водные грибы постепенно адаптировались к наземным условиям. Известно, что на суше грибов много и они очень разнообразны. Начало этому было заложено не позднее 500 млн лет назад.
Calculation of the heat pump cycle with various sources of low-grade heat in the conditions of the Arctic of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: РЕЕВ В.Г. , УТУМ Д.С.Г.
Published: July 2023

Аннотация. На сегодняшний день в мире растет тенденция на внедрение тепловых насосов в системы теплоснабжения. Тепловой насос за счет способности использования в качестве источника низкопотенциальное тепло имеет высокие параметры энергоэффективности. В связи с этим расчет цикла теплового насоса при различных источниках низкопотенциального тепла является важной задачей при оценке целесообразности внедрения теплового насоса в изолированные системы энергоснабжения в арктических территориях Республики Саха (Якутия). В работе рассмотрены три источника: грунт, водоем и воздух с температурами -5 ºC, 2 ºC, 5 ºC соответственно. Предложено использование схемы теплового насоса с промежуточным теплообменником для дополнительного роста эффективности. В качестве рабочего тела выбран фреон марки R134a, входящий в группу озонобезопасных. Проведены расчеты термодинамических параметров цикла работы теплового насоса с промежуточным теплообменником. Из полученных данных расчета построены графики цикла фреона в p,h-диаграмме. Построен график зависимости коэффициента трансформации электроэнергии (COP) от температуры низкопотенциального источника тепла. Выявлено, что при различных источниках низкопотенциальной теплоты значение коэффициента трансформации электроэнергии (COP) остается больше 1, что соответствует эффективному режиму работы. Так же максимальное значение коэффициента трансформации электроэнергии (COP), равное 2,5, достигается при использовании в качестве источника низкопотенциальное тепло воздуха с температурой +5 ºC. Исходя из расчетов наблюдается зависимость коэффициента трансформации электроэнергии (COP) от температуры низкопотенциального тепла. Связано это с затратами на работу сжатия в компрессоре, а именно на затраты энергии на электропривод. Показана техническая целесообразность внедрения теплового насоса в изолированные системы энергоснабжения арктических районов Якутии.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МИКРОВОЛН ДЛЯ РАЗЛОЖЕНИЯ ПИЩЕВЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ ПРИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИИ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ МЕТОДОМ АТОМНОЙ АБСОРБЦИИ
Authors: Петухов Александр Анатольевич , Халявин Илья Александрович , Шипунов  Борис Павлович Шипунов  Борис Павлович
Published: July 2023

На примере исследования молока, мяса, яйца и подсолнечного масла на содержание токсичных элементов кадмия, свинца, меди, цинка, железа, олова, с использованием микроволнового излучения в процесс подготовки проб для анализа методом атомной абсорбции. Метод минерализации с использованием микроволнового воздействия был сопоставлен со стандартной методикой мокрого озоления. Показано что время полного озоления в случае применения микроволнового излучения сокращается в среднем в 5 раз по сравнению со стандартной методикой. При этом глубина озоления соответствует стандартной методике. Кроме этого появилась возможность уменьшить навеску анализируемого образца в 15-25 раз. Таким образом, комплексная оценка возможности и эффективности применения микроволного излучения при минерализации образов молока, мяса, яиц, подсолнечного масла показывает его перспективность и эффективность.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРОДУКТОВ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ БАХЧЕВЫХ КУЛЬТУР В ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ МАРМЕЛАДА
Authors: Чоманов Уришбай Чоманович , Жумалиева Гулжан Ералиевна , Актокалова Гульнара Сундетбаевна , Идаятова Маржан Амангельдиевна Идаятова Маржан Амангельдиевна , Муратханов Дулат Болатулы , Жумалиева Газиза Турдалиевна
Published: July 2023

Целью данного исследования является разработка мармелада с добавлением моркови и настойки шиповника, содержащие значительное количество витаминов и минеральных веществ, играющих важную роль для повышения иммунитета. Определение кислотности проводили в соответствии с ГОСТ 5898-87. Определение влажности проводили на влагомере МХ-50. Содержание сухих веществ и сахарозы определяли на рефрактометре СНЕЛ-104. Изучение использования побочных продуктов переработки арбуза в производстве мармеладов с применением разных студнеобразавателей показал, что пектин, агар-агар и желатин пригодны для использования в качестве желирующих веществ в производстве мармелада. Разработана технология приготовления мармеладных изделий во фракционировании сырья на сок и мякоть в соотношении 90:10. Выявлено улучшение вкуса и консистенции за счет ультразвуковой обработки овощного сырья на гомогенизаторе. Были изготовлены лабораторные образцы мармеладов с добавлением различной дозировки наполнителей - моркови и настойки шиповника. Установлено, что добавление настойки шиповника более 10% придает готовым изделиям кисловатый привкус и добавление моркови свыше 20% ухудшает цвет, вкус и консистенцию изделий. Наилучшие показатели по физико-химическим и органолептическим показателям имеют мармелады с соотношением сока и мякоти 90:10 с добавлением моркови до 20% и настойки шиповника до 10%.
ВЛИЯНИЕ КОЛЛАГЕНА НА СТРУКТУРО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПЛАВЛЕНОГО СЫРА
Authors: Мусина Ольга Николаевна Мусина Ольга Николаевна , Нагорных  Елена Михайловна Нагорных  Елена Михайловна
Published: July 2023

Гидролизованный коллаген хорошо зарекомендовал себя в пищевой промышленности с точки зрения улучшения структурно-механических свойств продукции (супы, напитки, мясные и молочные продукты). В молочной промышленности коллаген используется главным образом в рецептуре напитков, информации об использовании гидролизованного коллагена в рецептуре плавленых сыров не обнаружено. Изучена взаимосвязь между внесением гидролизованного коллагена в рецептуру плавленого сыра и изменением его структурно-механических свойств. Установлено, что образец сыра с коллагеном в значительно большей степени обладает вязкостными и адгезионными свойствами по сравнению с контрольным образцом. Выявлено отсутствие пиков предела прочности на всем протяжении эксперимента при погружении со скоростью 10 мм/с в образцы плавленого сыра прямого горизонтального индентора на глубину 50 мм. Нарастание усилия на инденторе идет достаточно плавно. Сопротивление погружению индентора в исследуемые образцы по мере продвижения меняется в зависимости от степени структурообразования в сырах. Органолептические исследования образцов сыра подтвердили эти закономерности. Внесение гидролизованного коллагена в рецептуру способствует улучшению структурно-механических свойств плавленых сыров. Гидролизованный коллаген рекомендован к использованию в рецептуре сыров плавленых пастообразных
ФИТОРЕМЕДИАЦИЯ КАК ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЙ МЕТОД ОЧИСТКИ ПОЧВ ОТ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ
Authors: Бауэр  Виктория Вячеславовна Бауэр  Виктория Вячеславовна , Сартакова Ольга Юрьевна Сартакова Ольга Юрьевна , Горелова Ольга Михайловна
Published: July 2023

Хозяйственная деятельность человека влечет за собой некоторую опасность для окружающей среды, в том числе для формирования и развития растительного покрова. Тяжелые металлы, способные снижать темпы роста биомассы растений, поступают в почву, водные объекты посредством деятельности человека, работы металлургических и энергетических предприятий, автомобильного транспорта, использования удобрений. Нередко наблюдается угнетение растительного покрова вплоть до его полного исчезновения. В частности, загрязнению тяжелыми металлами подвержены почвы сельскохозяйственных угодий Алтайского края, что в значительной степени влияет на количество и качество получаемой сельхозпродукции. Существует необходимость в поиске и апробации эффективных способов очистки почв от тяжелых металлов. Одним из таких методов является фиторемедиация, которая позволяет проводить рекультивацию земель и восстанавливает их продуктивность. Настоящая работа предполагает два этапа. На первом этапе изучается отклик растения овса посевного на наличие полютантов в почве. На втором этапе предполагается изучение фитоаккумуляции полютантов свинца и кадмия в биомассе растения и выявление возможности применения фиторемедиации овсом в технологии рекультивации почв сельскохозяйственных угодий Алтайского края. В качестве методов анализа применяли грави- и биометрию растений. Установлен положительный отклик овса посевного на присутствие кадмия в почве в концентрациях, превышающих ПДК, что позволило рекомендовать использовать овес как потенциальный фиторемедиатор для проведения второго этапа исследований растений на атомно-абсорбционном спектрометре.
СИНТЕЗ И ХАРАКТЕРИЗАЦИЯ ГАЛЛАТА ГАДОЛИНИЯ ПЕРОВСКИТНОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ
Authors: Губарева Изабелла Сергеевна Губарева Изабелла Сергеевна , Гаан Алина Александровна , Белова  Ольга Владимировна Белова  Ольга Владимировна , Новоженов  Владимир Антонович Новоженов  Владимир Антонович , Смагин  Владимир Петрович Смагин  Владимир Петрович , Калинин  Артем Игоревич Калинин  Артем Игоревич , Затонская  Лина Викторовна Затонская  Лина Викторовна
Published: July 2023

Сложные оксиды, особенно соединения со слоистой структурой, являются объектом пристального внимания исследователей. Особое внимание связано с наличием у них необычных электрических, магнитных, оптических свойств. К перспективным материалам следует отнести галлаты лантаноидов, в частности галлат гадолиния. Их синтез является многостадийным. Он протекает при высоких температурах. В процессе синтеза применяется мехактивация реагентов, а также неоднократный размол продуктов с последующим отжигом. При этом большая часть работ посвящена получению гранатоподобных структур. Синтез и исследование сложных оксидов со структурой перовскита ограничены. Галлат гадолиния состава GdGaO3 с перовскитной структурой был синтезирован методом соосаждения гидроксидом аммония из азотнокислого раствора нитратов гадолиния и галлия с последующим отжигом продуктов. Образовавшаяся после прибавления в исходный раствор нитратов металлов раствора аммиака смесь осадков гидратированных оксидов гадолиния и галлия Gd2O3∙nH2O и Ga2O3∙nH2О была высушена при температуре 105 ºС в течение 3 часов и прокалена при температуре 850 ºС в течение 30 часов. Температурные параметры синтеза определены по результатам термического анализа. Изменения в составе смесей после проведения синтеза подтверждены методом ИК-спектроскопии. Анализ ИК-спектров показал образование продуктов, не содержащих исходных веществ. Продукты взаимодействия идентифицированы методом рентгенофазового анализа. Установлено образование в системе гексагонального галлата гадолиния GdGaO3, принадлежащего к структурному типу GdFeO3, с параметрами кристаллической решетки a = b = 3,777 Å, c = 10,770 Å.
Anisotropic Dynamics of an Interfacial Enzyme Active Site Observed Using Tethered Substrate Analogs and Ultrafast 2D IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Hill Tayler D. , Basnet Sunil , Lepird Hannah H. , Rightnowar Blaze , Moran Sean D.
Published: July 2023

Enzymes accelerate the rates of biomolecular reactions by many orders of magnitude compared to bulk solution, and it is widely understood that this catalytic effect arises from a combination of polar pre-organization and electrostatic transition state stabilization. A number of recent reports have also implicated ultrafast (femtosecond-picosecond) timescale motions in enzymatic activity. However, complications arising from spatially-distributed disorder, the occurrence of multiple substrate binding modes, and the influence of hydration dynamics on solvent-exposed active sites still confound many experimental studies. Here we use ultrafast two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy and covalently-tethered substrate analogs to examine dynamical properties of the promiscuous Pyrococcus horikoshii ene-reductase (PhENR) active site in two binding configurations mimicking proposed ‘inactive’ and ‘reactive’ Michaelis complexes. Spectral diffusion measurements of aryl-nitrile substrate analogs reveal an end-to-end tradeoff between fast (sub-ps) and slow (>5 ps) motions. Fermi resonant aryl-azide analogs that sense interactions of coupled oscillators are described. Lineshape and quantum beat analyses of these probes reveal characteristics that correlate with aryl-nitrile FFCF parameters, demonstrating that dynamical anisotropy is an intrinsic property of the water-exposed active site, where countervailing gradients of fast dynamics and disorder in the reactant ground state are maintained near the hydration interface. Our results suggest several plausible factors leading to state-selective rate enhancement and promiscuity in PhENR. This study also highlights a strategy to detect perturbations to vibrational modes outside the transparent window of the mid-IR spectrum, which may be extended to other macromolecular systems.
Understanding Current Density In Molecules Using Molecular Orbitals
Authors: Bro-Jørgensen William , C. Solomon Gemma
Published: July 2023

While the use of molecular orbitals (MOs) and their isosurfaces to explain physical phenomena in chemical systems are a time-honored tool, we show that the nodes are an equally important component for understanding the current density through single-molecule junctions. We investigate three dif- ferent model systems consisting of an alkane, alkene and even [n]cumulene and show that we can explain the form of the current density using the MOs of the molecule. Essentially, the MOs define the region in which current can flow and their gradients define the direction current flows within that region. We also show that it is possible to simplify the current density for improved understanding by either partitioning the current density into more chemically intuitive parts, such as σ- and π- systems, or by filtering out MOs with negligible contributions to the overall current density. Our work highlights that it is possi- ble to infer a non-equilibrium property (current density) given only equilibrium properties (MOs and their gradients) and this, in turn, grants deeper insight into coherent electron transport.
Curbing chlorine disinfection byproduct formation with a biomimetic iron oxidation catalyst
Authors: McPherson James N. , Larsen Freja Troj , Lind Maja Juncher , Miller Christopher J. , Waite T. David , McKenzie Christine J. , Lauritsen Frants R.
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate, by bench-scale chlorination of local tap water containing phenol (16 M, 1.5 ppm) as a model organic micropollutant, that the [Fe(TAML)]– catalyst (TAML = tetra amido macrocyclic ligand) increases the rate of phenol decomposition and suppresses the build-up of chlorophenol disinfection byproducts. Specifically, significantly lower concentrations of trihalomethanes (1.0–2.1 ppb) were formed in the presence of [Fe(TAML)]– compared to those formed in the absence of the catalyst (39–78 ppb). Hydrophobic disinfection byproducts (1–2000 ppb) were monitored in real-time and without any sample preparation using membrane inlet mass spectrometry. This work encourages the incorporation of biomimetic iron catalysts into existing chlorine disinfection processes to harness the oxidative power of chlorine through oxygen- or hydrogen-atom transfer reactions instead of the problematic halogenation reactions which yield disinfection byproducts.
Transferable prediction of formation energy across lattices of increasing size
Authors: Lupo Pasini Massimiliano , Karabin Mariia , Eisenbach Markus
Published: July 2023

In this study, we show the transferability of graph convolutional neural network (GCNN) predictions of the formation energy of the nickel-platinum (NiPt) solid solution alloy across atomic structures of increasing sizes. The original dataset was generated with the Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) using the second nearest-neighbor modified embedded-atom method (2NN MEAM) empirical interatomic potential. Geometry optimization was performed on the initially randomly generated face centered cubic (FCC) crystal structures and the formation energy has been calculated at each step of the geometry optimization, with configurations spanning the whole compositional range. Using data from various steps of geometry optimization, we first trained the GCNN on a lattice of 256 atoms, which accounts well for the short-range interactions. Using this data, we predicted the formation energy for lattices of 864 atoms and 2,048 atoms, which resulted in lower-than-expected accuracy due to the long-range interactions present in these larger lattices. We accounted for the long-range interactions by including a small amount of training data representative for those two larger sizes, whereupon the predictions of the GCNN scaled linearly with the size of the lattice. Therefore, our strategy ensured scalability while reducing significantly the computational cost of training on larger lattice sizes.
Cooperativity and Frustration Effects (or Lack Thereof) in Polarizable and Non-Polarizable Force Fields
Authors: Nochebuena Jorge , Piquemal Jean-Philip , Liu Shubin , Cisneros G. Andrés
Published: July 2023

Understanding cooperativity and frustration is crucial for studying biological processes, such as molecular recognition and protein aggregation. Force fields have been extensively utilized to explore cooperativity in the formation of protein secondary structures and self-assembled systems. Multiple studies have demonstrated that polarizable force fields provide more accurate descriptions of this phenomenon compared to fixed-charge pairwise non-polarizable force fields, thanks to the incorporation of polarization effects. In this study, we assess the performance of the AMOEBA polarizable force field and the AMBER and OPLS non-polarizable pairwise force fields in capturing positive and negative cooperativity recently explored in neutral and charged molecular clusters using Density Functional Theory. Our findings show that polarizable and non-polarizable force fields qualitatively reproduce the relative cooperativity observed in electron structure calculations. However, AMBER and OPLS fail in describing absolute cooperativity. In contrast, AMOEBA accounts for absolute cooperativity by considering interactions beyond pairwise interactions. According to the energy decomposition analysis, it is observed that the electrostatic interactions calculated with the AMBER and OPLS force fields seems to play an important and counter-intuitive role in reproducing the adiabatic interaction energies calculated with Density Functional Theory. However, it is important to note that these force fields, due to their nature, do not explicitely incorporate many-body effects, which limits their ability to accurately describe cooperativity. On the other hand, frustration in polarizable and non-polarizable force fields is caused by changes in bond stretching and angle bending terms of the building blocks when they are forming a complex.
Accelerating Alchemical Free Energy Prediction Using a Multistate Method: Application to Multiple Kinases
Authors: Champion Candide , Gall René , Ries Benjamin , Rieder Salomé R. , Barros Emilia P. , Riniker Sereina
Published: July 2023

Alchemical free-energy methods based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have become important tools to identify modifications of small organic molecules that improve their protein binding affinity during lead optimization. The routine application of pairwise free-energy methods to rank potential binders from best to worst is impacted by the combinatorial increase of calculations to perform when the number of molecules to assess grows. To address this fundamental limitation, our group has developed replica-exchange enveloping distribution sampling (RE-EDS), a pathway-independent multistate method, enabling the calculation of alchemical free-energy differences between multiple ligands (N > 2) from a single MD simulation. In this work, we apply the method to a set of three kinases with diverse binding pockets, and their corresponding inhibitors (36 in total), chosen to showcase the general applicability of RE-EDS in prospective drug design campaigns. We show that for the targets studied, RE-EDS is able to model up to 13 ligands simultaneously with high sampling efficiency, leading to a substantial decrease in computational cost when compared to pairwise methods.
Electrostatic tuning of transmission in NbS2/WSe2 2D Lateral Hetero-Structures: A computational study
Authors: Kumari Poonam , Golsanamlou Zahra , Smogunov Alexander , Sementa Luca , Fortunelli Alessandro
Published: July 2023

We present a first-principles computational study of the NbS2/WSe2 junction between two transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers as a prototypical metal/semiconductor 2-dimensional (2D) lateral hetero-structure (LH) to investigate the effects of electrostatic perturbations on electron transport in 2D LH systems. In order to simulate electrostatic (charged or dipolar) defects in the substrate, we introduce ionic systems (LiF lines) properly positioned in two different configurations and study cases, corresponding to modeling two different phenomena: (i) an electrostatic defect in the middle of the semiconducting part of the hetero-structure (qualitatively analogous to a gate voltage opposing transmission), and (ii) an electrostatic perturbation re-aligning and flattening the electrostatic potential along the asymmetric LH junction. In the former case, we determine a substantial decrease of transmission even for small values of the perturbation (providing information that can be used to achieve a quantitative correlation between substrate-induced defectivity and device performance degradation in experiment), whereas in the latter we predict that electron transport can be significantly enhanced by properly tuning external electrostatic perturbations at the interface.
Biochemical transformations of inorganic nanomedicines in buffers, cell cultures and organisms
Authors: Neuer Anna , Herrmann Inge , Gogos Alexander
Published: July 2023

The field of nanomedicine is rapidly evolving, with new materials and formulations being reported almost daily. In this respect, inorganic and inorganic-organic composite nanomaterials have gained significant attention. However, the use of new materials in clinical trials and their final approval as drugs has been hampered by several challenges, one of which is the complex and difficult to control nanomaterial chemistry that takes place within the body. Several reviews have summarized investigations on inorganic nanomaterial stability in model body fluids, cell cultures, and organisms, focusing on their degradation as well as the influence of corona formation. However, in addition to these aspects, various chemical reactions of nanomaterials, including phase transformation and/or the formation of new/secondary nanomaterials, have been reported. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of biochemical transformations of medically relevant inorganic (composite) nanomaterials in environments related to their applications. We provide a refined terminology for the primary reaction mechanisms involved to bridge the gaps between different disciplines involved in this research. Furthermore, we highlight suitable analytical techniques that can be harnessed to explore the described reactions. Finally, we highlight opportunities to utilize them for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes and discuss current challenges and research priorities.
Microteaching and Peer Assessment in Mathematics Teaching Practice
Authors: İlhan Aziz , Poçan Serdal , Aslaner Recep
Published: July 2023

Considering the characteristics that teachers should have, concepts such as critical thinking, active learning, taking responsibility, evaluation, analysis, self-evaluation and reflective thinking are important. In this context, micro-teaching and peer assessment methods come to the fore. Micro-teaching is defined as sharing a part of the course with peers and receiving feedback from peers or advisors. Peer assessment, on the other hand, involves providing constructive suggestions among peers, reviewing and giving feedback according to predetermined criteria. In the study, pre-service teachers' views on micro-teaching and peer assessment methods were evaluated. The study was designed as a case study, one of the qualitative research methods. The participants of the study consisted of eight pre-service mathematics teachers studying in the Department of Elementary Mathematics Teaching at a university in Turkey. Questionnaires about microteaching and peer assessment were used as data collection tools. A 14-week microteaching and peer assessment implementation process was carried out with the participants. As a result of the applications, pre-service mathematics teachers' opinions about these concepts were obtained. As a result, the pre-service teachers stated that the application provided positive developments in their cognitive, affective and psychomotor behaviors and that they gained professional experience.
FAKE PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM USING BLOCKCHAIN AND DECENTRALISED FINANCE (DEFI)
Authors:   Assistant Professor Department of Computer science and Engineering Sri Sairam College of Engineering, Bangalore, Rao Raghavendra
Published: July 2023

Counterfeit products pose a significant threat to consumer safety, brand reputation, and the economy. To address this issue, this project proposes a solution that utilizes blockchain technology to create at am per-proof and transparent product identification system. The proposed system aims to enable consumers to verify the authenticity of the products they purchase by storing product data, including manufacturing and supply chain information, on the blockchain. The system also proposes the integration of smart contract-based incentives to encourage consumer participation in the verification process. The project offers the potential to reduce counterfeit products in the market, increase consumer trust, and improve supply chain transparency.
Islamic Financial Instruments and its Impact on the Return On Sales: Al-Hajj Savings and Investment Fund of Jordan as a Model
Authors: Abushareah Mahmood , Waher Marwa Moufeed Abdallah , Alrawashedh Nahed Habis , Alblous Ahmad
Published: July 2023

Purpose: This study intended to investigate and analyze the relationship between deposits, money, real estate, stocks, and other gains and the return on sales at Al-Hajj Savings and Investment Fund of Jordan.
 
Theoretical framework: Quantitative techniques were tested by looking at the financial statements for the time period (2015 -2020).
 
Design/methodology/approach: the unit of measurement for this study is the Jordanian Hajj Provident and Investment Fund. In this study, there are differences between Islamic financial instruments. This study will be practical in nature, and illustrative in terms of purpose, which requires the use of causal and correlative relationships for this study.
 
Findings: Results showed that there is a significant statistical effect of deposit Profits on the return on sales, with a calculated T value of (6.765851) and a significance level less than 0.05. Additionally, the table's results indicated that (88.4%) of the change in "return on sales" can be explained by the change in the independent variable. Also, there is a significant statistical effect of finance Profits on the return on sales with a calculated T value of (2.871897) and less than 0.05. Additionally, the table's results indicated that 57.8% of the change in "return on sales" can be explained by the change in the independent variable. The results also revealed that (58.9 %) of the change in "return on sales" can be explained by the independent variable “Real State Profits” dimension. Finally, the result showed that there is a significant statistical effect of real state Profits on the return on sales with a calculated T value was (4.717416), with a significance level of less than 0.05, the table also showed that (81.6%) of the change in “return on sales” can be explained by the change in the “Stocks Profits” dimension.
 
Research, Practical & Social implications: The research indicated that in order to regulate Islamic finance instruments, one must adhere to the requirements of Islamic Sharia and implement the prescribed controls. Additionally, work to establish the necessary legal framework in Islamic nations so that Islamic financing instruments can be regulated and controlled at all stages and that they are not restricted to just one type.
 
Originality/value: The findings suggest several consequences forth fields of Islamic Financial Instruments and Al-Hajj Savings Investment Fund. Additionally, the Arab and Islamic country, including Jordan, have had a number of financial issues that this study helps to resolve. Al-Hajj costs of the participants are financed from their savings and profits, and if the savings exceed the costs of the Hajj, the participant can withdraw his savings and profits after performing the mandatory duty.
The Impact of Outsourcing Model on Supply Chain Efficiency and Performance in Smes: A Case of the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Ibrahim Ezmigna , Khraisat Qusai , Alghizzawi Mahmoud , Omain Siti Zaleha , Humaid Amna Mohammed , Ismail Norafidah Binti
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The study's main goal was to determine the impact of outsourcing models on supply chain efficiency and SMEs' performance in the hospitality industry. The qualitative research design was used to achieve the objectives.

 

Theoretical framework: Outsourcing model is one of the key business trends experienced in the contemporary business sector. Outsourcing is an organizational operational approach in which a corporation hires a third party to perform planned or ongoing obligations. Whatever the case may be, it entails the transfer of people and assets from one business to another. The approach is concerned with establishing answers to the whys and how’s of the research question.

 

Design/methodology/approach: Secondary data was entirely used to assess the research questions. Articles were obtained from the selected databases comprising Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scribed, Scopus, JSTOR, and DOAJ using the keywords. The PRISMA framework was used to appraise the articles and only 13 met the critical. Data was synthesized and analysed using the thematic approach.

 

Findings: Outsourcing models have contributed significantly in enhancing the efficiency of the supply chain. Additionally, SME’s have portrayed improved performance after adopting the outsourcing models. This is closely associated and reflected by complimenting resources and capabilities, access to better and qualified personnel, high quality products and services, competitive prices and cost reduction.

 

Research, Practical & Social implications: The incorporation of outsourcing models in hospitality industry is a mandatory exercise in the contemporary business sector Nevertheless, the strategy is instrumental in enhancing supply chain efficiency and improving the entire performance. In addition, outsourcing models are key trends in hospitality industry thus all the market should incorporate the conforming strategies to avoid stiff completion.

 

Originality/value: The findings suggest several consequences forth fields of Outsourcing Model on Supply Chain Efficiency and Performance in SMES.   Although outsourcing models are associated with multiple benefits, the implementation should be guided by expert depending on the model. Also, a link should be established between the research objectives, outsourcing model and strategic management.
Moderating Role of Artificial Intelligence Between Leadership Skills and Business Continuity
Authors: Alblooshi Moosa Ahmed Jafar Almandoos , Mohamed Ahmad Martadha , Yusr Maha Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The objective of the study is to identify the moderating role of artificial intelligence between leadership skills and business continuity.

 

Theoretical framework: For the said purpose the underpinning support of the concept combination theory has been used to develop the framework of the study and artificial intelligence as a moderator is the main theoretical contribution of the study. The reliability and validity of the instrument was analyzed followed by Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling to test the framework of the study.

 

Design/methodology/approach: For the said purpose the data from 384 respondents was collected through simple random sampling. The questionnaires were adopted based on prior studies and was analyzed using 7-point Likert Scale representing 1 as strongly disagree and 7 as strongly Agree. The data was collected during 2021.

 

Findings:  The findings revealed that Artificial Intelligence and Leadership Skills both have a significant impact over Business Continuity. Moreover, the findings confirmed the moderating role of artificial intelligence over the relationship between leadership skills and business continuity.

 

Research, Practical & Social implications:  The study enriched the concept combination theory by confirming the moderating role of artificial intelligence. The findings are significant for the leaders and the organizations that in the current era artificial intelligence is the need of the time and organizations can maintain their sustainability with the help of artificial intelligence.

 

Originality/value: The study opened the horizons for new research by confirming the need for other factors that may compliment the leadership skills for the growth and continuity of the businesses.
Leadership, Knowledge Management and Employee Commitment: Mediating Role of Crisis Management
Authors: Aldhuhoori Hassan Abdalla Hassan Sahako , Din Badariah Binti Haji , Saoula Oussama
Published: July 2023

Purpose: Using crisis management as a mediator between leadership skills, knowledge management, and employee commitment, the study examines the role of crisis management in UAE public sector organizations. In order to motivate employees and keep them committed, supportive leadership skills and knowledge are required. However, crisis management if managed through proper knowledge and skilled leadership develops employee commitment which is highly needed in the times of crisis.

 

Theoretical framework: Managing knowledge and leadership skills during crisis situations can only be achieved if employees are able to effectively manage them.

 

Design/methodology/approach: Using SMART PLS3, a structural equation modeling approach has been used to analyze the collected data in order to meet the objectives of the study.

 

Findings: Likewise, crisis management significantly moderates the relationship between leadership, knowledge management, and employee commitment. Leadership, knowledge management, and employee commitment are strongly related.

 

Research, Practical & Social implications: Despite genuine efforts, this study constraint persists. First, the study's sole focus is on employee commitment during times of crisis, and knowledge management is a crucial component of this. Also examined were aspects of knowledge management that affect employee commitment in detail.

 

Originality/value: In this study, crisis management as a mediator was added to the theory and the matrix based on the knowledge-based view of crisis response leadership.
Environmental Management Practices (EMP) Implementation in Small and Medium-Size Businesses
Authors: Jamil Norina Ahmad , Ibrahim Irwan , Senathirajah Abdul Rahman S , Semawi Azhan Rashid
Published: July 2023

Purpose: Small and medium-sized businesses must understand the environmental consequences of their operations and seek advice on green issues. The goal of the study is to look into the factors that influence their establishment's implementation of environmental management practices.
 
Theoretical framework: A modified version of the Technology-Organizational-Environmental Framework (TOE) (Tornatzky & Fleischer, 1990) and the Model of External Influences on Environmental Awareness and Practices (MEAP) (Gadenne et al., 2009) have been developed for researching the adoption of environment management practices.
 
Design/methodology/approach: The study is to determine the factors adopting environmental management practices in small and medium-sized businesses. Variables introduced are from systematic literature reviews of related articles and journals. The papers were analysed from descriptive, bibliographic, methodologic, results, and citation characteristics.
 
Findings: According to the findings, small and medium-sized businesses could perhaps participate in environmental programs such as corporate governance, environmental legislation, different industries, business size, organization traits, talent management, internationalization, organizational structure, corporate execution activity, environmental and sustainable aspects, and role in the logistics system, corporate strategy demeanour, and geographical region.
 
Research, Practical & Social implications:  For small and medium-sized enterprises, implementing environmental management practices can be seen as a key strategy for addressing their environmental issues. It's crucial to understand the motivations behind these policies, though.
 
Originality/value: This article is an academic contribution that allows an understanding of research developed on small and medium size businesses on adopting environmental management practices, considering data from two reference research databases.
The Future of the Dollar in Light of the Rising Economic Capacity of Chinese Trade
Authors: Abdurrazaq Taib Othman , Fahad Aysar Y
Published: July 2023

Purpose: This research deals with the major changes in trade balances between large countries, especially between the United States and China, in light of the continuous increase in the capabilities of the Chinese economy. This was reflected in the exchange value of foreign currencies to reflect this shift in economic balances. The aim of this study is to examine the relations between the rise of the Chinese economy and its currency, the Yuan, and the possible decline in the international dealings of the dollar.
 
Methodology: The analytical descriptive approach was adopted to analyze the relationship between the increasing capacity of the Chinese economy and the decline in financial transactions in the US dollar.
 
The theoretical framework: This research will deal with shifts in the economic balance of power by presenting an analysis of the reality of both the United States and China and analyzing the dimensions of this shift on the overall international relations between different countries.
 
Findings: The results of this research the fact that the volume of trade competition between the United States and China has increased, and despite the importance of sound economic policies that support international competitive advantage, the role of comparative advantage achieved by the abundance of factors of production is no less important than improving the country's commercial performance.
 
Research practical and social implications: The research is of great importance by showing the size of the relationship between the future of the dollar in commercial dealings with it and the rise of the Chinese economy and the conditions it will impose among all countries dealing in dollars.
 
Originality/value: The research has great that it analyzes changes in the contemporary international balance of power with the emergence of new international trade powers.
Measuring the Relationship Between Economic Crises and Investment Portfolios - A Sample Study of Iraqi Banks
Authors: Ali Saad Hasan , Bouabid Anis
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The study aimed to measure the closing price indicators for the Iraqi bank sector during the period (2010-2020) and using the PMG / ARDL index, which is an acronym for pooled mean group / Autoregressive distributed lag, i.e. self-regression to slow down. Distributed tablet data, to measure the relationship between the components of the economic crises of the dependent variable (closing price) of the Iraqi banks, the study sample, and the independent variables each of (gross domestic product, market value, global oil prices and economic crises).
 
Theoretical framework: The Iraqi economy is affected by economic crises along with the performance of investment portfolios in Iraqi banks.
 
Methodology of the study: To highlight the different conclusions taken by the banks that contribute In its success: Barony's co-integration test, according to the four formulas, shows that there is long-term integration between the dependent variable (closing price) and the independent variables (market value, gross domestic product, crude oil prices) during the quarterly period 2010-2020, which means that the PMG method can be applied. /ARDL.
 
Findings: This study showed that there is an adverse effect from the gross domestic product to the closing prices of the banking sector, and this can be justified by the increase in the gross domestic product associated with the increase in oil revenues. Because the oil sector contributes to 60% of GDP in Iraq.
 
Practical & Social implications: Study main necessary comes from paying attention to the development of investment portfolios in Iraq by following solid policies in implementing the necessary procedures for investing in portfolios, raising awareness of the culture of investment portfolios within investment communities or investment companies, and establishing the idea of establishing a fund to guarantee investment portfolios in a symbiotic manner that reduces the risks of fluctuations in oil revenues resulting from Crises.
 
Originality of study: Comes from that decision makers can reach solutions and treatments to mitigate their severity, and address the imbalance in the stock market in a way that achieves an improvement in the contribution formed by the rest sectors in the total GDP, and reduce the risks resulting from dependence on oil revenues.
Influence of Audit Tenure and Size of Public Accounting Firm on Behavior of Integrity Financial Statements Integrity with the Committee Audit as Moderating Variable in Sub Companies Computer Services and Electronic Devices Sector
Authors: Raza Hendra , Indriani Putri , Ilham Rico Nur
Published: July 2023

Purpose of the Study: This study aims to examine the effect of audit tenure, the size of Public Accounting Firm (KAP) on the integrity of financial statements moderated by the audit committee of the computer services & other equipment sub-sector.
 
Theoretical framework:  The study is based on a review of the literature and make some reports confirmation from the field of this research, which is described in the article. Use all methods to retain personnel. Integrity of Public Accounting Officer must be researched whether it enhances Audit Tenure, audit committee, and Financial Reporting Quality.
 
Design/methodology/approach: The sample selection technique used purposive sampling and obtained 7 sub-sector companies of computer & other equipment services listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) used in this study. This study uses a balance panel with 35 observations and estimates (common effect model).
 
Findings: The results of this study found that the audit tenure variable has an effect on the integrity of the financial statements. Meanwhile, the size of the KAP has no effect on the integrity of the financial statements.
 
Research, Practical & Social implications: Today, almost every organization is driven by technology, but human resources are needed to do work through technology. It is the challenge of an Public Accounting Officer to keep working for a long time for integrity in an organization in a dynamic environment.
 
Originality/value: The value of the study reveals that, The auditor's task in this case is to examine the financial statements that have been made by the manager, and provide the final result in the form of an opinion on the fairness of the financial statements.