bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Influence of Deep Coalbed Methane Horizontal Well Deployment Orientation on Production
Authors: Feng Ruyong , Li Chen , Sun Lichun , Wang Jian , Liu Jia , Li Na
Published: November 2024

The development of deep coalbed methane has become an important way to obtain natural gas in China. The development of deep CBM mainly depends on horizontal well technology. The different orientations of horizontal wells will have an important impact on the productivity of coalbed methane wells. The angle grid geological model of coalbed methane reservoirs with different inclination angles is established, and the deployment orientation of horizontal wells is changed to study the optimal deployment orientation of deep-saturated coalbed methane reservoirs. When CBM horizontal wells in deep saturated CBM reservoirs are deployed upward along the dip, well-controlled reserves, peak daily gas production, and cumulative gas production increase as the dip decreases. When deploying down the dip, with the increase in dip angle, the well-controlled reserves increase, and the peak daily gas production and cumulative gas production first increase and then decrease. In the low-dip reservoir, the development effect of horizontal wells deployed in different directions is better than that in the up-dip direction. In the high-dip reservoir, the development effect of horizontal wells deployed along the strike is better than that in the up-dip and down-dip directions. The development effect of horizontal wells is controlled by both well-controlled reserves and reservoir pressure drop. Because this method is targeted at different geological conditions, it can be used to guide the horizontal well optimization of other coalbed methane blocks and has very important significance for the development and optimization of coalbed methane reservoirs.
Improving Electrical Fault Detection Using Multiple Classifier Systems
Authors: Oliveira José , Passos Dioeliton , Carvalho Davi , Melo José , Silva Eraylson , de Mattos Neto Paulo
Published: November 2024

Machine Learning-based fault detection approaches in energy systems have gained prominence for their superior performance. These automated approaches can assist operators by highlighting anomalies and faults, providing a robust framework for improving Situation Awareness. However, existing approaches predominantly rely on monolithic models, which struggle with adapting to changing data, handling imbalanced datasets, and capturing patterns in noisy environments. To overcome these challenges, this study explores the potential of Multiple Classifier System (MCS) approaches. The results demonstrate that ensemble methods generally outperform single models, with dynamic approaches like META-DES showing remarkable resilience to noise. These findings highlight the importance of model diversity and ensemble strategies in improving fault classification accuracy under real-world, noisy conditions. This research emphasizes the potential of MCS techniques as a robust solution for enhancing the reliability of fault detection systems.
Proposal of Low-Speed Sensorless Control of IPMSM Using a Two-Interval Six-Segment High-Frequency Injection Method with DC-Link Current Sensing
Authors: Konvicny Daniel , Makys Pavol , Franko Alex
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a modification to existing saliency-based, sensorless control strategy for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors. The proposed approach leverages a two-interval, six-segment high-frequency voltage signal injection technique. It aims to improve rotor position and speed estimation accuracy when utilizing a single current sensor positioned in the inverter’s DC-bus circuit. The key innovation lies in modifying both the high-frequency signal injection and demodulation processes to address challenges in accurate phase current reconstruction and rotor position estimation, at low and zero speeds. A significant modification to the traditional high-frequency voltage signal injection method is introduced, which involves splitting the signal injection and the field-oriented control algorithm into two distinct sampling and switching periods. This approach ensures that no portion of the injected voltage space vector falls into the immeasurable region of space vector modulation, which could otherwise compromise current measurements. The dual-period structure, termed the two-interval six-segment high-frequency injection, allows for more precise current measurement during the signal injection period while maintaining optimal motor control during the field-oriented control period. Furthermore, this paper explores a different demodulation technique that improves the estimation of rotor position and speed. By employing a synchronous filter in combination with a phase-locked loop, the proposed method enhances the robustness of the system against noise and inaccuracies typically encountered in phase current reconstruction. The effectiveness of the proposed modifications is demonstrated through comprehensive simulation results. These results confirm that the enhanced method offers more reliable rotor position and speed estimates compared to the existing sensorless technique, making it particularly suitable for applications requiring high precision in motor control.
Associated Gas Recovery Integrated with Solar Power for Produced Water Treatment: Techno-Economic and Environmental Impact Analyses
Authors: Chen Daniel H. , Aziz Fuad Samier , Sargsyan Gevorg
Published: November 2024

Excess associated gas from unconventional wells is typically flared while excess produced water is injected underground. In this work, flare gas recovery is integrated with produced water desalination and a solar pre-heater. The solar module with a beam splitter preheats the produced water. Aspen Plus process modeling, economic analysis, and greenhouse gas analysis were performed. The solar flare gas recovery desalination (Solar-FGRD) process can conserve water resources and reduce the brine injection by 77%. The accompanying solar farm results in excess solar electricity for exporting to the grid. The process burner combustion efficiency (CE) is 99.8%, with a destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 99.99% for methane as opposed to a flare CE of 80–98% (and a methane DRE of 91–98%). The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for CO2 and methane, in terms of CO2 equivalent (CO2e), can be reduced by 45% for US North Dakota and Texas flaring and 13% for North Sea flaring by employing the Solar-FGRD process. Comprehensive financial analysis demonstrates the financial–economic feasibility of the investment project with or without tax credits. Best-case and worst-case scenarios provide a realistic range that investors can consider before making investment decisions.
Energy-Oriented Modeling of Hot Stamping Production Line: Analysis and Perspectives for Reduction
Authors: Liu Qiong , Zuo Quan , Li Lei , Yang Chen , Yan Jianwen , Xu Yuhang
Published: November 2024

This research aims to develop a comprehensive mathematical model to analyze the energy usage of essential equipment in the hot stamping production line (HSPL) and identify opportunities for improving energy efficiency. This involves refining existing models and parameters related to energy consumption in hot stamping to ensure precise energy usage monitoring throughout the HSPL. The main focus is on accurately calculating and validating the energy consumption efficiency of equipment within a product’s production cycle on the roller hearth furnace’s HSPL. The model has proven to be highly accurate in predicting energy consumption for various equipment. The average energy consumption of the HSPL in the case study is calculated as 0.597 kwh/kg, and the actual measurement is 0.625 kwh/kg. However, it revealed significant deviation in the cooling system, primarily due to the incorrect water pump head parameters utilization. As per the model’s calculations, most energy consumption is attributed to the furnace (77.51%), followed by the press (10.92%), chillers (6.86%), cooling systems (2.76%), and robots (1.95%). Actual measurements and model calculations highlight mismatches between equipment power ratings and actual demand, resulting in average operating power significantly lower than the rated power. In line with efforts to promote low-carbon manufacturing, practical approaches are being explored to conserve energy and enhance overall process efficiency by refining process parameters, reducing quenching duration, improving SPM on the production line, and adjusting load matching.
Influence of Control Strategy on Heat Recovery Efficiency in a Single-Duct Periodic Ventilation Device
Authors: Koper Piotr
Published: November 2024

The subject of the research was a single-duct, decentralised periodic ventilation unit, using accumulative heat exchanger for heat recovery (also called single-core fixed-bed regenerator). It can achieve high efficiency of heat recovery but is vulnerable to pressure differences between the interior of the building and the outside. To counter this, two control strategies were proposed: adjustment of the fan speed based on an air flow sensor and adjustment of the working cycle length based on temperature sensors. The strategies were tested experimentally in actual working conditions. Due to the use of cheap and simple sensors, it was possible to retain the low price of the device. Both control strategies proved to be successful in equalising the amount of supplied and removed air in a single cycle. Moreover, the heat recovery efficiency increased by more than 10% compared to the default working mode.
The Evolution of ESG: From CSR to ESG 2.0
Authors: Passas Ioannis
Published: November 2024

The evolving landscape of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has transcended its traditional boundaries, transitioning into Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles and their more advanced iteration, ESG 2.0. Unlike traditional CSR, which primarily emphasizes voluntary ethical practices, ESG integrates sustainability into the core business strategy, transforming how corporations address environmental and societal challenges while enhancing shareholder value. This entry focuses specifically on the European and North American contexts, where regulatory pressures, investor demands, and societal expectations have played pivotal roles in accelerating this transition. Understanding the evolution from CSR to ESG practices is crucial, given the increasing complexity of global challenges such as climate change, inequality, and governance scandals. The emphasis on ESG 2.0 highlights a proactive, strategic approach to embedding sustainability into corporate DNA, ensuring relevance in a rapidly changing world.
Exploring the Associations of Neck Circumference, Blood Pressure, CRP, and Insulin Resistance on the Visceral Adiposity Index: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Laurindo Lucas Fornari , Cruz Camargo Francine , Perfeito Alessandra , Benedito Ciano Bruno , Tainá Coelho Clara , Assis Apolinário Gleice , do Nascimento Vicentin Isabela , Cambui Andreasi Jéssica , Leme Boaro Beatriz , José Tofano Ricardo , Detregiachi Cláudia Rucco Penteado , Francisco dos Santos Haber Jesselina , Barbalho Sandra Maria , Sloan Lance Alan , Portero Sloan Kátia , Cassio Alves de Carvalho Antonelly , Oshiiwa Marie , Cincotto dos Santos Bueno Patrícia , Laís Menegucci Zutim Tereza , da Silva Rebeca Maria Siqueira , Baisi Chagas Eduardo Federighi , Bechara Marcelo Dib , Quesada Karina R.
Published: November 2024

Background: The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a composite marker designed to quantify visceral adiposity and its metabolic implications. It integrates anthropometric (such as waist circumference and BMI) and metabolic parameters (including triglyceride levels and HDL cholesterol), providing a more comprehensive assessment of visceral fat distribution than traditional measures alone. Higher VAI values are indicative of increased visceral adiposity and have been linked to heightened cardiovascular risk and metabolic disturbances. In recent years, understanding the complex interplay between metabolic factors and cardiovascular health has become increasingly important. Methods: This cross-sectional study delves into the influence of neck circumference (NC), blood pressure (BP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and insulin resistance on the VAI among outpatient cardiology patients, offering insights into sex-specific disparities and the utility of VAI as a diagnostic tool for assessing visceral adiposity and associated cardiovascular risks. Results: The sample comprised 268 outpatient cardiology patients (152 men, 116 women). Men, averaging 55.4 years old (SD = 14.4), exhibited significantly higher VAI values than women, with robust correlations found between VAI and markers of insulin resistance (Insulin: ρ = −0.167, p = 0.006; HOMA-IR: ρ = −0.163, p = 0.007). Analysis across VAI quartiles highlighted distinct patterns, revealing lower NC and elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) values in higher VAI categories. Despite these associations, multiple linear regression controlling for age and sex demonstrated a limited predictive capacity of NC, BP, CRP, and lipid profiles on VAI (R2 range: 0.001–0.011). Conclusions: These findings underscore sex-specific disparities and suggest that VAI serves as a modest yet valuable tool in assessing visceral adiposity and associated cardiovascular risks.
Investigation of a Multiflow Ejector Equipped with Variable-Length Links for Thrust Vector Control Using Euler’s Methodology
Authors: Sazonov Yuri A. , Mokhov Mikhail A. , Bondarenko Anton V. , Voronova Victoria V. , Tumanyan Khoren A. , Konyushkov Egor I.
Published: November 2024

The coordinated operation of multiple jet devices enhances the efficiency of technological processes and thrust vector control systems, enabling the resolution of various practical challenges. Traditional jet control systems regulate the thrust vector in the direction from +20° to −20° in a 3D space. For the first time, this study considers, from a general perspective, the conditions under which the thrust vector angle can vary from +180° to −180° in any direction within a complete geometric sphere, including thrust reversal. Conceptual design using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques considers kinematic schemes with variable lengths and flexible links. This study demonstrates the technical feasibility of controlled energy distribution through multidirectional ejector channels, including the maintenance of constant pressure at the nozzle apparatus inlet. Potential modernization strategies for the Laval nozzle incorporating a rotary diffuser were examined. The research outcomes are patented and aimed at developing a digital twin of the jet system for training artificial intelligence based on the philosophy of science and technology and Euler’s methodology within interdisciplinary works. The findings are primarily applicable to research and development efforts focused on creating energy-efficient oil and gas production systems. Furthermore, the research results can be applied to the development of advanced maneuverable unmanned vehicles and robotics for various purposes.
A Two-Country Questionnaire Study of Biomedical Student Opinions Regarding Online Teaching During COVID-19
Authors: Ognjanovic Irena , Yakushina Irina , Shustikova Elena , Mikerova Maria , Reshetnikov Vladimir , Mijailovic Sara , Nedeljkovic Jelena , Milovanovic Dragan , Tasic Ljiljana , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Nikolic Turnic Tamara
Published: November 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the opinions of biomedical students from Russia and Central Serbia about learning methods in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a comparative questionnaire study that used the validated questionnaire tool eMedQ, conducted via the online platform Anketolog.ru from February to May 2022 at Sechenov University and the University of Kragujevac in the same period. At Sechenov University, 694 students took part in the survey, while at the University of Kragujevac, the total number of participants was 209. The eMedQ questionnaire, in Russian and Serbian, consists of 45 closed-ended questions with 7 domains: demographic characteristics, experience with online teaching, education process (teaching organization), aspects of mental functioning, clinical skills, technical aspects, and quality of life. Results: During the COVID-19 lockdown, in Serbian and Russian biomedical faculties, we observed the high flexibility of Russian students with greater experience when it comes to online education before the pandemic compared to students from Serbia. Also, the Russian students declared that they were strongly motivated to achieve clinical skills and to learn, while a larger number of Serbian students reported disrupted mental functioning and learning problems. Conclusions: At the time of isolation, at Serbian and Russian biomedical faculties, we noticed the higher flexibility of Russian students with more experience than students from Serbia. Also, the Russian students declared that they were strongly motivated both to acquire clinical skills and to learn, while a larger number of Serbian students reported reduced mental functioning and learning problems.
Multi-Stakeholder Game Relationships in Promoting the Development of the Non-Timber Forest Product Industry by State-Owned Forest Farms
Authors: Qiao Qin , Lin Zhenyu , Sun Zhongrui , Zhang Wenting , Zhang Meijuan , Sun Yong , Gao Xinting
Published: November 2024

State-owned forest farms are key players in managing forestry resources worldwide, playing a pivotal role in advancing the development of the non-timber forest product industry. This paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model involving “government–state-owned forest farms–farmer households” to delve into how state-owned forest farms collaborate with governments and farmer households to propel the growth of the non-timber forest product industry. Additionally, it explores the interactive relationships among multiple stakeholders and their asymptotic stability. The findings reveal that (1) under certain conditions, the game model can achieve four stable equilibrium strategies: (0,0,0), (0,1,0), (0,1,1), and (1,1,1). (2) Key factors influencing the tripartite game include the political performance and administrative costs of local governments involved in the industry’s development, assessment performance and reduced management and protection expenses of state-owned forest farms, and sales revenue and planting costs of farmers’ under-forest products. (3) The market development costs shared by state-owned forest farms and government subsidies for under-forest planting should be within a reasonable range. This ensures effective promotion of farmers’ participation in under-forest planting while maintaining the willingness of state-owned forest farms and governments to actively engage. These findings provide concrete guidelines that policymakers can use to spur sustainable growth in the NTFP sector.
Serial Re-Pitching of Yeast Impacts Final Flavor Profiles of Commercial Beer
Authors: Nelson Fina Beth , Pickering Joshua , Murray Casey , Eskiw Christopher
Published: November 2024

The aroma-active compounds produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the fermentation of wort are key to the unique aroma and flavour profiles of beer. In commercial fermentations, there is batch-to-batch variation depending on yeast “brewing fitness” or the health of the yeast, but how does yeast health impact fermentation performance and metabolite production during fermentation? To address this, daily samples were collected from three full-scale commercial fermentations. The specific gravity was measured immediately, and samples were collected for carbohydrate analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and volatile compound analysis by Head-Space Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). Acetate esters (3), medium-chain fatty acid ethyl esters (7), hop-derived compounds (3), and an off-flavour (1) were detected and identified, and their relative signal was recorded for each sample. While there did not appear to be an effect of generational age on the duration of fermentation, age, in terms of the number of generations from serial re-pitching, impacted the ratios of volatile compounds. This difference in ratios was observed as early as Day 2, resulting in a difference in the volatile compound profiles of finished beers, therefore resulting in inconsistency in the product. This is important knowledge for brewers as generational age must be considered when fermenting high-quality, consistent products and monitoring fermentation progress/duration may not be enough to determine the ability of yeast to produce balanced flavour profiles.
Experimental Study on Smoke Spreading Laws for Tunnel Fires with Moving Fire Source
Authors: Qin Yi , Yang Zhen , Zhang Zhihao , Zhu Xiong , Dai Shimei , Jiang Wen
Published: November 2024

Compared with a stationary fire, the spread of smoke in a moving fire source is more complex, which means hazardous consequences. The study of smoke flow and distribution of ceiling temperature is essential for effective emergency response strategies and efficient execution of rescue operations. To study the smoke flow characteristics of a tunnel fire with a moving fire source, we constructed a 1:20 scale tunnel model and conducted experiments with a moving fire source. Six different moving velocities (0.1, 0.15, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0 m/s) were selected for the experiment. The focus of the experiment was to analyze the stability of the smoke and the temperature distribution of the tunnel ceiling under the moving conditions of different fire sources. The results show that when a fire source velocity is below 0.3 m/s, countercurrent smoke occurs in the tunnel. The smoke layer is stable, and the temperature in the center of the tunnel exceeds the sidewall temperatures. When the velocity reaches 0.3 m/s, smoke inversion disappears, the smoke layer begins to become unstable, and the temperature of the tunnel increases while a central zone of low temperature is formed. The faster the fire moves, the longer the central low-temperature zone will be in the tunnel.
Validation of a Health Characterization Model for Tilapia Farming in a Brazilian Federative Unit
Authors: Raposo Ricardo da Silva , Oliveira Nádia Valesca Biral de , Delphino Marina Karina de Veiga Cabral , Leal Carlos Augusto Gomes , Mota Ana Lourdes Arrais de Alencar , Sant’Ana Fabiano José Ferreira de
Published: November 2024

Brasília, Distrito Federal, is among the Brazilian cities with the highest number of tilapia farms, with around 660 farms, of which 112 are commercial. The aim of this study was to validate a health characterization model for commercial tilapia production using the production chain in the Distrito Federal (DF), one of Brazil’s 27 federative units, by applying a semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 112 farms were categorized according to the degree of vulnerability to the introduction of pathogens and the risk of dissemination using two weighted scorecard tables that evaluated 15 items each. After calculating the mean between the two variables, the farms were classified from A (insignificant risk) to D (high risk). Most of the commercial tilapia farms in the Distrito Federal were categorized as B (39; 34.8%) and C (53; 47.3%), representing low and medium risk, respectively. When comparing the different commercial groups, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the mean scores between closed-system fattening farms and both semi-closed fattening farms and pay-to-fish farms. Closed-system fattening farms, such as those using biofloc, aquaponics, and recirculation aquaculture systems, showed the lowest vulnerability to pathogen entry and the lowest risk of disease spread. The study’s findings provide valuable health information for the official veterinary service of the DF, enabling the categorization of farms, identification of production units, and determination of the most vulnerable strata. Furthermore, the model can be easily applied by private companies and by official veterinary services in other states or countries with significant tilapia production that need to implement risk-based surveillance programs for tilapia farms.
Synergistic Antioxidant Activity of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide and Chlorogenic Acid and Its Effect on Inflammatory Response of NR8383 Cells
Authors: Yin Junye , Zhao Dandan , Song Jian , Gao Ran , Wang Xuan , Rao Huan , Gao Xiaoguang , Hao Jianxiong
Published: November 2024

It is inevitable for polyphenols and polysaccharides to interact during food preparation. Modifications in microstructure can lead to changes in the physical and chemical properties of food systems, which in turn may influence the nutritional characteristics and functional activities of the food. Recent studies have shown that, in addition to traditional Chinese medicine compounds, certain natural polysaccharides and polyphenols exhibit significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These compounds are also associated with beneficial therapeutic effects for the prevention and treatment of acute lung injury. The objective of this study was to examine the synergistic antioxidant effects of chlorogenic acid (CA) and Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) in various ratios, along with their combined antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced inflammation in rat alveolar macrophages. Using the Combination Index (CI), which quantifies the synergistic or antagonistic effect of two substances, all four combinations showed synergistic antioxidant properties over a range of concentrations by in vitro antioxidant property experiments. However, based on comparing them, the four group ratios exhibited the highest antioxidant activity of the infusion at CA:LBP = 1:7, indicating synergistic interactions (CI < 1). In addition, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the CA-LBP complex were observed to alleviate cellular inflammatory injury by reducing LPS-induced nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production and inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6.
Spinacia oleracea L. Baby Leaves as a Source of Bioactive Principles: The Chemical Profiling of Eco-Sustainable Extracts by Using LC-ESI/HRMS- and 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics
Authors: Cerulli Antonietta , Polcaro Luciana Maria , Masullo Milena , Piacente Sonia
Published: November 2024

Spinacia oleracea L. cultivar platypus leaves are identified as a functional food due to their nutrient composition which promotes health beyond basic nutrition. Considering the increasing use of food supplements, S. oleracea baby leaves have been extracted by maceration, solid–liquid dynamic extraction (SLDE)-Naviglio, and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using EtOH and EtOH:H2O mixtures. The analysis of the extracts by using LC-ESI/HRMSMS revealed 42 compounds (flavonoids, polar lipid derivatives, and 20-hydroxyecdysone), along with primary metabolites, detected by NMR analysis. A principal component analysis (PCA) of LC-ESI/HRMS and NMR data was performed, revealing how 20-hydroxyecdysone and flavonoids, the specialized metabolites mainly responsible for the biological activity of S. oleracea leaves, occurred in the highest amount in the EtOH and EtOH:H2O (70:30, v/v) extracts obtained by SLDE-Naviglio extraction. 20-hydroxyecdysone was also quantified in all the extracts via LC-ESI/QTrap/MS/MS using the Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) method. The EtOH extracts obtained by SLDE-Naviglio and maceration showed the highest content (82.16 and 81.27 mg/g extract, respectively). The total phenolic content (118.35–206.60 mg GAE/g), the flavonoid content (10.90–41.05 mg rutin/g), and the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) (1.63–2.05 mM) of the extracts were determined. The EtOH:H2O (70:30, v/v) extract analyzed by using SLDE-Naviglio showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid content and radical scavenging activity.
Antioxidant Bioaccessibility of Cooked Gluten-Free Pasta Enriched with Tomato Pomace or Linseed Meal
Authors: Estivi Lorenzo , Pasini Gabriella , Betrouche Amel , Traviĉić Vanja , Becciu Elena , Brandolini Andrea , Hidalgo Alyssa
Published: November 2024

Gluten-free products lack bioactive compounds, while vegetable wastes from food manufacturing are still rich in nutrients. This study compared the antioxidants of gluten-free pastas enriched with vegetable by-products: the control formulation (66.7% rice and 33.3% fava bean flours) was enriched with 10% or 15% of tomato waste (TO) or defatted linseed cake (LI). Carotenoids, tocols, phenolics, and antioxidant capacity (ABTS and FRAP) were determined in the cooked pasta as well as in the soluble and insoluble fractions after in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion. The cooked enriched pastas showed higher levels of carotenoids (1.36–1.53 vs. 1.02 mg/kg DM), except for the LI-added samples, tocols (8.83–21.70 vs. 7.01 mg/kg DM), free polyphenols (218.1–258.6 vs. 200.9 mg/kg DM), bound polyphenols (132.7–177.6 vs. 101.9 mg/kg DM), and antioxidant capacity. Cooking augmented the carotenoids and free polyphenols in the enriched pastas, tocols in LI pastas and bound flavonoids in TO pastas. After digestion, the recoveries for soluble and insoluble fractions were 53% and 35% for carotenoids, 52% and 43% for tocols, 109% for free phenolic acids, 97% for free flavonoids, 93% for bound phenolic acids, and 100% for bound flavonoids. Bioaccessibility was the highest for free phenolic compounds, whereas carotenoids and tocols were partially available.
Enhancing Antimicrobial Activity of Thyme Essential Oil Through Cellulose Nano Crystals-Stabilized Pickering Emulsions
Authors: Romulo Andreas , Anjani Vania Salsabila , Wardana Ata Aditya
Published: November 2024

Essential oils (EOs), such as thyme essential oil (TEO), are widely known for their antimicrobial properties; however, their direct application in food systems is limited due to their poor stability, which affects their efficacy. This study aims to improve the stability and antimicrobial efficacy of TEO by encapsulating it in Pickering emulsions stabilized with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). Two formulations of Pickering emulsions with 5% and 10% TEO were prepared and compared to traditional surfactant-based emulsions. The stability of the emulsions was assessed over 21 days, and particle size, zeta potential, Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR were used for characterization. The antimicrobial activity was tested against several foodborne pathogens, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values determined. The 10% TEO Pickering emulsion showed antimicrobial activity, with MIC50 values of 4096 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, while the 5% TEO formulation had no effect at MIC50 > 8192 µg/mL. The CNC-stabilized Pickering emulsions exhibited superior stability, showing no phase separation over 21 days. The findings suggest that CNC-stabilized Pickering emulsions are effective at improving the stability and antimicrobial performance of TEO, making them a promising natural preservative for food packaging and safety. Further research is recommended to optimize the formulation and broaden TEO’s application in food preservation.
Constructing Cybersecurity Stocks Portfolio Using AI
Authors: Aiche Avishay , Winer Zvi , Cohen Gil
Published: November 2024

This study explores the application of artificial intelligence, specifically ChatGPT-4o, in constructing and managing a portfolio of cybersecurity stocks over the period from Q1 2018 to Q1 2024. Leveraging advanced machine learning models, fundamental analysis, sentiment analysis, and optimization techniques, the AI-driven portfolio significantly outperformed leading cybersecurity ETFs, as well as broader market indices such as the Nasdaq 100 (QQQ) and S&P 500 (SPY). The methodology employed included data collection, stock filtering, predictive modeling using Random Forests and Support Vector Machines (SVMs), sentiment analysis through natural language processing (NLP), and portfolio optimization using Mean-Variance Optimization (MVO), with quarterly rebalancing to ensure responsiveness to evolving market conditions. The AI-selected portfolio achieved a total return of 273%, with strong risk-adjusted performance as demonstrated by key metrics such as the Sharpe ratio, highlighting the effectiveness of an AI-based approach in navigating market complexities and generating superior returns. The results of this study indicate that AI-driven portfolio management can uncover investment opportunities that traditional methods may overlook, offering a competitive edge in the cybersecurity sector and promising enhanced predictive accuracy, efficiency, and overall investment success as AI technologies continue to evolve.
Perceptions of New Jersey Teachers About Mental Health and School Services Offered During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Campbell Maryanne L. , Aggarwal Juhi , Nguyen Kimberly T. , Rehman Midhat , Shendell Derek G.
Published: November 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the New Jersey Safe Schools Program (NJSS) surveyed a subset of newer NJ high school (HS) teachers who completed NJSS work-based learning supervisory trainings from October 2021 to June 2023. The purpose of this study was to gain insight on NJ HS teacher perceptions of school provided mental health services, and well-being supports received during the COVID-19 pandemic. Via online surveys, teachers anonymously identified who should be responsible for supporting mental well-being in schools, satisfaction with existing mental health services, and self-care practices implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 114 HS teachers surveyed, nearly 70% would recommend existing school mental health services to colleagues, 53% would like an increase in mental health and counseling services available at their school, and 44% would like their schools to improve mental health literacy. This study presents insight into the needs teachers expressed for appropriate school mental health support and services. Data will inform guidance for how to better address identified needs, including employee wellness, and creating positive social and emotional school environments. School districts should prioritize the implementation of suitable and equitable school-based mental health services to teachers and students alike to promote healthy and productive school environments.
Multiple Osteochondritis Dissecans as Main Manifestation of Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia Caused by a Novel Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Pathogenic Variant: A Clinical Report
Authors: Mazzotti Antonio , Artioli Elena , Brizola Evelise , Moroni Alice , Tremosini Morena , Di Cecco Alessia , Gallone Salvatore , Faldini Cesare , Sangiorgi Luca , Gnoli Maria
Published: November 2024

Background: Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of skeletal diseases characterized by epiphyseal abnormalities associated with mild short stature. The clinical variability is wide, and the first clinical manifestations still occur in childhood with joint pain and stiffness that evolve into degenerative joint disease. MED, caused by mutations in the Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) gene, is the most common form of the disease. COMP-MED usually shows significant involvement of the capital femoral epiphyses and irregular acetabulum; instead, COL9A1-, COL9A2-, and COL9A3-MED appear to have more severe knee involvement than hips, resulting in a milder presentation than COMP-MED cases. Other complications have been reported, in particular osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), which has been described in two large COL9A2-related MED families associated with myopathy. Methods: Here, we report the case of a 24-year-old man affected by COMP-MED with a positive family history for the disease and a clinical presentation that interestingly is characterized by the presence of multiple OCD. Results: To our knowledge, this is the first case of COMP mutations related to multiple OCD as the main clinical feature. Conclusions: This report can expand the clinical phenotype related to the pathogenic variants of the COMP gene, as it shows that multiple OCD can also be present in COMP-related MED as well as in COL9A2-related MED.
Perspective of the World Rehabilitation Alliance: Global Strategies to Strengthen Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Services in Health Systems
Authors: O’Connell Colleen , Armstrong Jo , De la Cerna-Luna Roger , Ganvir Suvarna , Arnillas Brigneti Paula
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling condition prevalent worldwide, requiring rehabilitation services from injury through community living. This study, conducted by representatives of the World Rehabilitation Alliance (WRA), aims to identify strategies for strengthening SCI rehabilitation services globally, with particular attention to settings where resources are limited. Methods: Three focus groups were held between 2023 and 2024 with WRA representatives specializing in SCI rehabilitation. Discussions focused on four key areas: workforce and education, health policy and systems research, primary care, and emergency response. Perspectives were developed taking into account frameworks from the World Health Organization (WHO). Results: Key insights into SCI rehabilitation services emphasize workforce and education as critical areas, underscoring the importance of specialized training, certification, and ongoing support to build capacity. In health systems and policy research, significant gaps in evidence-based practices were highlighted, emphasizing the need for comprehensive data collection and national registries to guide policy and align SCI care with global standards. The integration into primary care systems is recommended to improve access and address common complications in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). For emergency response, this study stresses the importance of preparedness and establishing multi-disciplinary teams capable of managing SCI cases in resource-limited settings, reducing preventable complications, and improving patient outcomes. Conclusions: SCI rehabilitation services are essential to global health, with a need for workforce development, research, national registries, and integration into primary and emergency care. Such efforts should improve accessibility and align with global best practices, ensuring comprehensive and accessible rehabilitation for all.
Participation in Tobacco Cessation Programs Among Medicaid Managed Care Enrollees in Florida
Authors: Mkuu Rahma S. , Glymph Casey C. , Lurk Peyton A. , McCraney Madison R. , LeLaurin Jennifer H. , Salloum Ramzi G. , Hall Jaclyn M. , Cogle Christopher R.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Tobacco use remains a significant public health issue, particularly among individuals with low incomes, including Medicaid recipients who often face multiple barriers to quitting. This study aimed to identify barriers, from the perspective of Medicaid managed care organizations (MCOs), influencing Medicaid recipient participation in tobacco cessation programs. Methods: Focus group interviews were conducted with Florida Medicaid MCOs to elicit processes for case identification, outreach, referral, program participation, and incentives. Answers were synthesized into themes. Results: Medicaid recipients were primarily identified through nicotine dependency claim codes or Health Risk Assessments (HRAs). Individuals were referred to state and local community tobacco cessation programs through text messaging and outreach by MCO case managers. The MCOs identified the following as barriers: primary care physicians (PCPs) with limited knowledge about cessation programs and pharmacologic treatments for nicotine dependence, low availability of health coaches, long wait times for entry into cessation programs, weak coordination between MCOs and cessation programs, and insufficient incentives for individuals for program participation. Suggested strategies to overcome barriers were continuing medical education (CME) for PCPs about tobacco cessation programs and prescription therapies, increasing the training of health coaches, more investment in quitlines, increasing data sharing between MCOs and cessation programs, and increasing incentives for individuals. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of engaging MCOs in discussions about policy and program improvements, as their insights can drive meaningful changes in how tobacco cessation and other preventive health programs are structured and implemented. Targeted interventions are needed to enhance tobacco cessation program participation among Medicaid recipients.
The Impact of Community-Focused CUREs on Biology Student Identity, Persistence, and Career Outcomes at an HBCU
Authors: Curtis John W. , Haines Ashley N. , Barekzi Nazir
Published: November 2024

Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) have been widely hailed as an innovative approach to engage students in college coursework through exposure to authentic research, leading to improved persistence and more equitable access to research opportunities. This article presents an analysis of the impact of implementing a novel type of CURE across the biology curriculum at one public historically black university, introducing a community focus through a partnership with a local nonprofit organization working to restore a polluted local river. The analysis incorporates survey research on student science identity and sense of belonging with administrative records on persistence to graduation and limited data on graduates’ further education and careers. We find that more of the students who completed these novel CUREs graduated on time with a biology degree than those who did not complete CUREs, and that most biology graduates do go on to use their degrees in further education and/or careers in science or healthcare. We discuss the limitations of our analysis, including the relatively short timeframe covered by our data, the almost incalculable impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the retrospective nature of our assessment.
Explosions of Hydrogen Storages and the Safety Considerations in Hydrogen-Powered Railway Applications—A Review
Authors: Sun Yan-Quan
Published: November 2024

As one of the most promising clean energy sources, hydrogen power has gradually emerged as a viable alternative to traditional energy sources. However, hydrogen safety remains a significant concern due to the potential for explosions and the associated risks. This review systematically examines hydrogen explosions, with a focus on high-pressure and low-temperature storage, transportation, and usage processes mostly based on the published papers from 2020. The fundamental principles of hydrogen explosions, classifications, and analysis methods, including experimental testing and numerical simulations, are explored. Key factors influencing hydrogen explosions are also discussed. The safety issues of hydrogen power on railway applications are focused, and finally, recommendations are provided for the safe application of hydrogen power in railway transportation, particularly for long-distance travel and heavy-duty freight trains, with an emphasis on storage safety considerations.
Molecular Identification of Etiological Agents in Fungal and Bacterial Skin Infections: United States, 2020–2024
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Wang Tong , Lincoln Sara A. , Foreman Hui-Chen , Bakotic Wayne L.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Cutaneous infections of fungal and bacterial origins are common. An accurate diagnosis—especially concerning pathogens that are difficult to isolate on culture—can be achieved using molecular methods (PCR) with a short turnaround time. Methods: We reviewed records of skin specimens (superficial scrapings) submitted by dermatologists across the United States with a clinically suspected dermatitis. As per physician’s order, specimens were tested for infections either fungal (N = 4262) or bacterial (N = 1707) in origin. All unique specimens (one per patient) were subjected to real-time PCR assays where cases suspected of a fungal etiology were tested for dermatophytes, Malassezia and Candida, and cases suspected of a bacterial etiology were tested for Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and the mecA gene potentially conferring β-lactam resistance. Results: Fungal agents were detected in 32.8% (SD: 4.5) of the submitted specimens, with most attributed to dermatophytes (19.3% (SD: 4.9)), followed by Malassezia (8.7% (SD: 2.8)) and Candida (2.9% (SD: 1.0)). Dermatophyte detection was more common in the elderly (≥65 years) compared to young adults (18–44 years) (OR: 1.8 (95% CI: 1.5, 2.2)), whereas Malassezia was more commonly detected in younger age groups (12.1–13.6%) than the elderly (5.6%). Candida was more frequently observed in females while dermatophytes and Malassezia were more frequently observed in males. Approximately one quarter of the submitted skin specimens tested positive for S. aureus (23.6% (SD: 3.4)), of which 34.4% (SD: 9.8) exhibited concurrent detection of the mecA gene. An S. aureus detection was more frequently observed in males (OR: 1.5 (95% CI: 1.2, 1.9)) and in children (OR: 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2, 2.5)). Streptococcus pyogenes was rarely detected. Among specimens positive for dermatophytes, 12.0% (20/166) showed co-detection of S. aureus and mecA, which is in contrast to 6.8% (70/1023) detected in samples without a fungal co-detection and 6.2% (8/130) in samples positive for Malassezia. Conclusions: PCR testing, when available, can be valuable as a part of routine care for diagnosing patients with clinically suspected skin infections. Further studies are warranted to survey the prevalence of resistant S. aureus isolates in dermatology outpatients, in particular with regard to the association with dermatophyte infections.
Effectiveness of Local Use of Green Propolis-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles as Adjuvant Therapy to Scaling and Root Planing in the Management of Periodontitis in Rats Treated with Zoledronate
Authors: Silveira Glauco Rodrigues Carmo , Ganzaroli Vinícius Franzão , Toro Luan Felipe , Lopes-Pereira Estevão , Costa Leandro Lemes da , Mello-Neto João Martins de , Buchaim Rogério Leone , Garcia Valdir Gouveia , Theodoro Leticia Helena , Sforcin José Maurício , Marcato Priscyla Daniely , Ervolino Edilson
Published: November 2024

This study assessed the effectiveness of the local use of green propolis-loaded lipid nanoparticles (GPlnp) as an adjuvant therapy to scaling and root planing (SRP) to manage experimental periodontitis (EP) in ovariectomized rats treated with zoledronate. Ten weeks before the experiment, 48 female rats were ovariectomized. On day 0, a ligature was installed in the lower first molar to induce EP. From day 0 to day 42, half of the rats were treated with vehicle (VEH), while the other half were treated with 100μg/Kg of zoledronate (ZOL). On day 14, the rats were allocated into the following groups: VEH-NLT, VEH-SRP, VEH-SRP-GPlnp, ZOL-NLT, ZOL-SRP, and ZOL-SRP-GPlnp. VEH-NLT and ZOL-NLT received no local treatment. VEH-SRP and ZOL-SRP received SRP and irrigation with physiological saline solution. VEH-SRP-GPlnp and ZOL-SRP-GPlnp received SRP and irrigation with GPlnp. A single SRP session was carried out, and four irrigation sessions were conducted (on days 14, 16, 18, and 20). On day 42, all animals were euthanized. The hemimandibles were processed for histological, histometric (percentage of total bone tissue (PTBT) and non-vital bone tissue (PNVBT)) and immunohistochemical (TNFα, IL-1β, and TRAP) analysis. VEH-SRP-GPlnp showed better tissue repair, higher PTBT, and lower immunolabeling for TNFα and IL-1β compared to the groups treated with VEH. ZOL-SRP-GPlnp showed a favorable tissue repair, with lower PNVBT, less local inflammation, and lower immunolabeling for TNFα and IL-1β compared to the groups treated with ZOL. Irrigation with GPlnp proved to be effective as an adjuvant therapy to SRP in treating EP in ovariectomized rats treated with zoledronate.