bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grammar Instruction in the Digital Age: The Impact of Corpus Linguistics
Authors: Eragamreddy Dr. Nagamurali
Published: April 2024

The potential of corpus linguistics to transform grammar training in the digital era is examined in this study. An in-depth review of the literature looked at the benefits and challenges of corpus-based approaches. Teachers may customize education to meet the unique needs of each student by using corpus linguistics, which provides insightful information about how language is used in everyday situations. Through the integration of real-world language samples and theoretical grammar principles, corpora can foster critical thinking and increase student engagement. Nevertheless, integrating corpus linguistics necessitates resolving technological issues, creating useful teaching resources, and educating educators. The study provides suggestions for using corpora in grammar training as well as future research topics. Using online corpus tools for student exploration, utilizing corpus analysis to uncover typical student mistakes, and creating activities that motivate students to study corpus data in context are some of these proposals. By using corpus linguistics, teachers may close the gap between grammar instruction theory and practice and enable students to become independent language learners.
Dichotomy of Individualism and Collectivism in Maximum City: Bombay Lost and Found
Authors: Shukla Ajay Kumar , Rai Supriya
Published: April 2024

Suketu Mehta is one of the most prolific writers of non-fiction writings emigrated to Newyork from Mumbai along with his family at the age of 14. In the year 1998 he returns to Mumbai and recaptures the maximity of it through various interviews of the local inhabitants and the emigrants from the country. Mehta encompasses these interviews in his narrative non-fictional book, Maximum City: Bombay Lost and Found. This insider outsider perspective of Mumbai resembles with Dante’s Inferno. This research paper basically aims at Mehta’s portrayal of the megacity Mumbai along with the dichotomy of individualism and collectivism. It analyses how the city reciprocates with its inhabitants. It also takes in to account that how this metropolis, despite all its scarcity, is a center of attraction for people across the country to upgrade their living and working status. The way the city caters all its residents, bring forth the juxtaposition of individualism and collectivism.
МЕТОДЫ СИНХРОНИЗАЦИИ В СЕТЯХ СВЯЗИ
Authors: Прошин Ф.А. , Сторожук М.Н. , Сторожук Н.Л.
Published: April 2024

Для синхронизации оборудования связи необходимо построение систем частотно-временного обеспечения. Под временной синхронизацией понимается одновременная синхронизация ведущего и ведомого устройств по частоте, фазе и дате. В существующих сетях широко применяется метод синхронизации на основе протоколов NTP/SNTP, РТР и устройств распределения сигналов времени. Однако существует много факторов, влияющих на точность передачи времени при синхронизации от специализированного оборудования, установленного совместно с синхронизируемой аппаратурой связи. В статье рассматривается актуальность применения интегрируемых малогабаритных серверов времени, синхронизируемых от ГНСС, их преимущества и недостатки по сравнению с классическими методами синхронизации.
El Trabajo Social ante el Covid-19
Authors: Agilar Medina José Iñigo
Published: April 2024

Ante la violenta situación generada por la pandemia del coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, que ha afectado la salud y la vida de millones de personas en todo el mundo, este artículo analiza tres aspectos del problema: examina por qué motivos éste es un desastre sanitario y las razones por las que tomó supuestamente desprevenidos a los gobiernos y a los sistemas de salud en todo el planeta; en seguida utiliza el modelo creado por Charles E. Rosenberg para mostrar las tres fases que siguen a estos desastres, para después argumentar su desacuerdo con el creador de la vacuna anual contra la influenza, Edwin D. Kilbourne, quien supone que para la erradicación de toda epidemia basta con la aplicación de la vacuna y que las medidas sociales de contención no tienen ninguna incidencia, y concluye señalando la importancia de la intervención social desde Trabajo Social y proponiendo las areas en las que debe actuar.
La pandemia, el presente amplio y el Trabajo Social
Authors: Cruz Martín del Campo Luz María
Published: April 2024

Relacionar algunos acontecimientos extraordinarios no deseados –en especial la pandemia por el Covid-19– con el presente amplio (término tomado de Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht) y con el Trabajo Social. Lossucesos extraordinarios irrumpen en la cotidianeidad provocando reacciones variadísimas. Cuando talessucesos nos abruman –por su recurrencia, su simultaneidad, sus gravísimas secuelas, su extensión, etcétera–percibimos que el presente se ensancha cada vez más y la sensación de impotencia nos quita todo protagonismopara incidir en el futuro. Entonces, cada cual habrá de identificar y elegir su ámbito de acción.El Trabajo Social, como actividad profesional, permite identificar en qué y cómo se ha de llevar a cabo unaintervención social –siempre con la participación activa de los destinatarios–, lo que brinda la oportunidadde provocar cambios significativos en el punto donde convergen una situación-problema, un sujeto y unentorno concreto, para la mejora de nuestro hábitat y de las interrelaciones humanas.
Reflexión acerca del vínculo entre teoría y práctica en Trabajo Social
Authors: Ávila Ramírez José Adolfo
Published: April 2024

Tomando como ejemplo la dimensión de “ciencia social aplicada” que tiene Trabajo Social, podremos evaluarla necesidad de fortalecer, debatir y difundir el vínculo que existe con la “ciencia social básica”. En laciencia social básica es de donde surgen los conceptos fundamentales y teorías que nos acompañan comoinstrumentos de justificación y como parte de la guía que requerimos para hacer nuestro trabajo. Tal justificacióndebemos generarla a partir de los conceptos básicos y teorías que dan validez como argumentoa las afirmaciones que surgen de una heurística recursiva entre ambos contextos. Con esto, estaremos enposición de enriquecer la reflexión necesaria que permite optimizar los resultados que obtenemos parael contexto de intervención, lo que es fundamental cuando estamos en un ambiente donde transmitimoslas estrategias, las formas, las metodologías y los mecanismos de validación a estudiantes que aprendeny que tarde o temprano estarán en condiciones de replicar dichos aprendizajes en alguna comunidad.En el marco de estudios sociales de ciencia y utilizando algunos principios básicos de lo que se conocecomo sociología del conocimiento es que partimos en este repaso de algunos tópicos que requieren serfortalecidos a partir de su visibilización para que con el debate que podría producir se enriquezca nuestrapráctica profesional.
Percepción social del embarazo en un bachillerato de la Ciudad de México: aproximación hacia los factores de riesgo para la construcción de una estrategia de intervención
Authors: Gamboa Guerrero Sergio Roberto
Published: April 2024

El siguiente artículo es el resultado de los avances realizados en un bachillerato de la Ciudad de México.El objetivo es dar otra perspectiva del problema y romper con el discurso dominante de que no hayinformación suficiente respecto a los métodos anticonceptivos y a la sexualidad en general. Al menosen el contexto de la Ciudad de México, existe el acceso a diferentes tecnologías de la información, loque permite que los jóvenes puedan investigar por medio de ellas. Para dar otra perspectiva del tema, seabordó los temas de confianza e inclusión desde el punto de vista de la violencia, género y sexualidad,horizonte de vida y relaciones sociales. De esta manera, se construye la aproximación diagnóstica que acontinuación se presenta, lo que permite nuevas formas de construir intervenciones basadas en el discursocontemporáneo en Trabajo Social.
Mortalidad materna por aborto en México: retos persistentes para la atención a la salud sexual y reproductiva
Authors: Cordero Oropeza Martha , Moreno Midiam , Ramos Lira Luciana , Flores Celis Karla
Published: April 2024

En pleno siglo XXI, la mortalidad materna sigue siendo un riesgo para las mujeres en todo el mundo.Solamente en 2017 ocurrieron 140 muertes maternas por cada 100 000 nacimientos, de las cuales, 22%ocurrieron por hemorragia obstétrica y 9% por abortos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la razón dela mortalidad materna asociada al aborto en México entre 2002 y 2018. Para ello, se realizó un análisissecundario de las bases de datos de mortalidad en México validadas por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticay Geografía (Inegi) y la Secretaría de Salud obteniendo los siguientes resultados: en México, entre2002 y 2018, se observa una disminución de la Razón de Mortalidad Materna (RMM) en la mayoría de lasentidades federativas; sin embargo, esta disminución no se observa en las muertes atribuibles al aborto, yaque en la mitad del país no se registraron cambios en estas defunciones. En estados como Baja CaliforniaSur, Querétaro, Coahuila y Sinaloa se registraron el doble de defunciones por aborto, mientras que enNuevo León y Quintana Roo el número de muertes se triplicó. Estos resultados enfatizan la necesidad deincrementar los esfuerzos para garantizar servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva para todas las mujerescon el fin de evitar que éstas mueran por causas atribuibles a abortos.
Design and Fabrication of Wind Turbine Utilization for Water Pumping and Power Generation
Authors: Prasad Gai Ram , Rakesh Thotameedi , Shivaji Bestha , Prasad Eega Shiva , Naik Santoosh Madeva , Praveen P.
Published: April 2024

bstract: Windmills have been a symbol of sustainable energy for centuries, and their relevance continues to grow in the modern era. This abstract explores the dual functionality of windmills for both pumping and power generation. Windmills have evolved from their traditional agricultural use to become versatile renewable energy sources, capable of harnessing wind energy for various applications. For pumping, windmills are employed to lift water from wells or reservoirs, providing a reliable source of water for irrigation and domestic use, especially in remote or off-grid areas. Their mechanical design, often featuring rotating blades, efficiently converts wind energy into rotational motion, driving a pump mechanism. In the realm of power generation, windmills are pivotal in the transition to cleaner energy sources. Modern wind turbines are designed with advanced aerodynamics and materials, enabling them to capture substantial kinetic energy from the wind. This energy is then transformed into electrical power through generators. Wind farms, comprised of multiple turbines, contribute significantly to electricity grids, reducing carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. This abstract underscores the dual role of windmills as sustainable solutions for pumping and power generation, emphasizing their versatility and contribution to a greener future.
Estimation of Electric Vehicle Range Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Choudhary Vinod
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This paper presents a project that addresses the transportation sector's rapid growth contributes to pollution through conventional fossil fuel vehicles emitting harmful gases, leading to global warming. Electric vehicles (EVs) offer a cleaner alternative, but range anxiety hinders widespread adoption. Range prediction, crucial for EV practicality, estimates travel distance on a single charge, considering factors like battery capacity, driving conditions, and weather. Accurate models, rooted in deep knowledge of EV technology and real-world driving, are essential. Our proposed solution employs a machine learning approach, integrating physical and environmental variables to minimize range anxiety, empower informed decision-making, and enhance the overall electric vehicle experience, promoting sustainable transportation
Blockchain-Based Peer-to-Peer Decentralised Lending and Borrowing System
Authors: Utikar Prof. Avinash A. , Shandilya Manav , Mishra Shivam , Mahakal Shruti , Thakur Abhishek
Published: April 2024

Abstract: A decentralized peer-to-peer lending and borrowing system represents a transformative paradigm shift in the traditional financial landscape. This abstract explores the concept, benefits, and challenges of such a system, which leverages blockchain technology and smart contracts to facilitate direct, trustless interactions between lenders and borrowers. In this innovative system, intermediaries like banks are circumvented, enabling individuals to participate directly in lending and borrowing activities. Blockchain's decentralized ledger ensures transparency, security, and immutability of transaction records, while smart contracts automate the execution of loan agreements, thereby reducing the risk of default and eliminating the need for intermediaries. Key advantages of this decentralized system include increased financial inclusivity, reduced interest rates, and a broader pool of lenders and borrowers. It fosters a more efficient allocation of capital by matching lenders and borrowers based on predetermined criteria, thereby reducing information asymmetry.
ПЭТ-КT төхөөрөмжийн цацрагийн хамгаалалтын тооцоо
Authors: Jargalsaikhan Munkhsaikhan
Published: April 2024

In this study, the effective dose rate and shielding thickness for a PET/CT facility are calculated by the analytical formula and PHITS code. The calculations at 9 different points in the unshielded and shielded rooms of the PET/CT were performed and the results were compared. The dose administered and the workload were estimated to be 15mCi and 40 patients per week. The required barrier thickness based on the weekly dose limit is 100 µSv for the controlled areas and 20 µSv for uncontrolled areas, corresponding to the 1 mSv/year limit to the general public.
The Changing Biological Carbon Pump of the South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Delaigue Louise , Sulpis Olivier , Reichart Gert-Jan , Humphreys Matthew Paul
Published: April 2024

Global marine anthropogenic CO2 inventories have traditionally
emphasized the North Atlantic’s role in the carbon cycle, while Southern
hemisphere processes are less understood. The South Subtropical
Convergence (SSTC) in the South Atlantic, a juncture of distinct
nutrient-rich waters, offers a valuable study area for discerning the
potential impacts of climate change on the ocean’s biological carbon
pump (Csoft). Using discrete observations from GLODAPv2.2022 and
BGC-Argo at 40°S in the Atlantic Ocean, an increase in dissolved
inorganic carbon (DIC) of +1.44 ± 0.11 μmol kg-1 yr-1 in surface waters
was observed. While anthropogenic CO2 played a role, variations in the
contribution of Csoft were observed. Discrepancies emerged in assessing
Csoft based on the tracers employed: when using AOU, Csoft(AOU) recorded
an increase of +0.20 ± 0.03 μmol kg‑1 yr-1, whereas, using nitrate as
the reference, Csoft(NO3) displayed an increase of +0.85 ± 0.07 μmol
kg-1 yr-1. Nonetheless, our observations at 40°S indicate a significant
intensification of Csoft, which, scaled to the entire ocean, represents
an additional 23% to 35% of organic carbon degradation within the
water column. Key processes such as water mass composition shifts,
changes in oxygenation, remineralization in the Southern Ocean, and the
challenges they pose in accurately representing the evolving Csoft are
discussed. These findings highlight that while global studies primarily
attribute DIC increase to anthropogenic CO2, observations at 40°S reveal
an intensified biological carbon pump, showing that regional DIC changes
are more complex than previously thought and challenging the dominance
of anthropogenic sources in global DIC change.
Diurnal temperature range expands with warming for temperatures above the melting point
Authors: Pithan Felix , Schatt Leonhard
Published: April 2024

The globally averaged diurnal temperature range (DTR) has shrunk since
the mid-20th century, and climate models project further shrinking.
Observations indicate a slowdown or reversal of this trend in recent
decades. Here, we show that DTR has a minimum for average temperatures
close to 0C. Observed DTR shrinks strongly at colder temperature, where
warming shifts the average temperature towards the DTR minimum, and
expands at warmer temperature, where warming shifts the average
temperature away from the DTR minimum. Most, but not all climate models
reproduce the minimum DTR close to 0C and a stronger DTR shrinking at
colder temperature. In models that reproduce the DTR minimum close to
0C, DTR shrinking slows down significantly in recent decades. Model
projections suggest that the DTR will resume or continue shrinking over
the 21st century.
Flying cats and dogs: Relationality, empathy and care in the transportation of animals by air
Authors: Gräschke Lucia
Published: April 2024

The carrying of companion animals by air has grown into an international business involving approved vets, pet travel agencies, airlines, and animal terminals. This study investigates how the experience of transportation is shaped and draws theoretically on an approach of more-than-human mobility. In detail, I approach mobility through relationality, empathy, and caring practices by considering air transportation as an anthropocentric means of animal movement. Movement, including the specific conditions used to carry companion animals, influences the experience of mobility, triggering multispecies empathy and caring practices. Empirical accounts provide 16 online interviews with cat and dog caregivers analyzed via a qualitative content analysis. The interviewees shared transportation experiences in the aircraft cabin, in the hold, or when carrying animals as cargo. The analysis reveals that caregivers and companion animals experience air transportation relationally and the separation of caregivers and companion animals causes negative transport experiences.
Unveiling the strategic discourse of european dairy industry pressure groups: A Critical Animal Studies perspective
Authors: Ruiz Carreras María
Published: April 2024

This article examines the discourse of pressure groups within the European Dairy Industry (EDI) using a Critical Animal Studies perspective. The study first identifies the EDI as a powerful economic actor by analysing its key companies, pressure groups, and their relationships. Then, it analyses the discourse constructed and the rhetorical devices these interest groups use regarding 1) the animals exploited by the industry and 2) the nutritional recommendations influencing dietary guidelines. The dairy industry forms a significant economic and corporate conglomerate that actively influences food recommendations and maintains extensive coalitions and lobbying efforts. The EDI interest groups tailor their narrative to align with current environmental, health, and animal welfare concerns while paradoxically contradicting them. Notably, the interest groups entirely disregard the interests of animals in their discourse, representing them as inanimate objects devoid of sentience, autonomy, and individuality through a series of rhetorical devices.
The Science Fiction of the Past, the Reality of the Present – Smart Cities
Authors: KAUR Komalpreet , BUȘA Ioana Isabel , CUC Lavinia Denisa
Published: April 2024

The concept of smart cities has gained recognition in the last few years because of the increasing urban population coupled with rise in the number of urban problems. Smart cities – usage of information and communication technology (ICT) to enhance the standard of living, thereby, represents a digital solution for the urban communities that aims for economic growth and sustainability. The present paper offers an overview of this innovative concept. Smart Mobility, Smart Economy, Smart People, Smart Environment, Smart Living and Smart Governance are the six pillars of a smart city. However, the article puts an emphasis on smart governance, while providing a brief description of all the other dimensions. By highlighting some of the benefits and challenges that smart governance offers to urban citizens, it presents the significance of collaboration between different stakeholders including citizens, public institutions and government officials. In conclusion, the study argues smart governance is essential for promoting good governance practices but there is a need to consider the other factors such as social inclusion and basic human rights while adopting this new method in decision-making process.
Article history: Received: September 22, 2023; Reviewed: December 10, 2023; Accepted: February 27, 2024; Available online: March 29, 2024.
JEL Classification: O18, Q56, R59.
An impact of Starlink project on regulations and national security
Authors: Shaengchart Yarnaphat , Kraiwanit Tanpat
Published: April 2024

This study rigorously investigates the Starlink Project’s impact on Thailand’s legal frameworks, regulatory policies, and national security concerns. Utilising a well-structured online questionnaire, we collected responses from 1378 Thai participants, meticulously selected to represent diverse demographics, technology usage patterns, and social media interactions. Our analytical approach integrated binary regression analysis to dissect the intricate relationships between various predictor variables and the project’s potential effects. Notably, the study unveils critical insights into how factors such as age, gender, education level, income, as well as specific technology and social media usage (including laptop, smartphone, tablet, home and mobile Internet, and TikTok), influence perceptions of Starlink’s impact. Intriguingly, certain variables like Twitter and YouTube usage emerged as non-significant. These nuanced findings offer a robust empirical basis for stakeholders to forge targeted strategies and policies, ensuring that the advent of the Starlink Project aligns with Thailand’s national security, legal, and regulatory harmony.
The Discrete, Fractional Order Model of a Two-Dimensional Temperature Field using Grünwald-Letnikov Definition
Authors: Oprzędkiewicz Krzysztof
Published: April 2024

In the paper a new, fractional order, discrete model of a two-dimensional temperature field is addressed. The proposed model uses Grünwald-Letnikov definition of the fractional operator. Such a model has not been proposed yet. Elementary properties of the model: practical stability, accuracy and convergence are analysed. Analytical conditions of stability and convergence are proposed and they allow to estimate the orders of the model. Theoretical considerations are validated using exprimental data obtained with the use of a thermal imaging camera. Results of analysis supported by experiments point that the proposed model assures good accuracy and convergence for low order and relatively short memory length.
The Main Determinants Affecting Economic Growth in Sri Lanka
Authors: M.M.S.A. Karunarathna  , K.G.G. Weerasinghe
Published: April 2024

Every country in the world is trying to create a self-sufficient economy through economic growth and economic development. The concept of economic growth is very important there. There are many determinants that a country must achieve in order to achieve economic growth. Accordingly, this study studied the determinants that determine economic growth in Sri Lanka. It considered how the determinants of Exports, Foreign Direct Investment Inflow, Savings and Population Growth affect economic growth. For that, the research was conducted using secondary data related to the period 1991-2020. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method was used to identify the relationship between the determinants used and economic growth. Accordingly, it was identified that the factors of foreign direct investment and savings have a positive effect on economic growth, and the factors of Exports and Population Growth have a negative relationship with economic growth. Accordingly, it is important to pay close attention to foreign direct investment and savings in Sri Lanka moving towards economic growth.
Las limitaciones a la publicidad de productos alimentarios no saludables desde una perspectiva comparada: su regulación en Portugal y Reino Unido como referentes para una reforma en España
Authors: Rozados Oliva Manuel Jesús
Published: April 2024

Objetivos: este artículo pretende analizar la necesidad de acometer un proceso de reforma en la regulación de la intervención administrativa sobre la publicidad de productos alimentarios no saludables en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, como instrumento de lucha contra la obesidad, tomando como referencia la reciente aprobación de normas de rango legal en Portugal y Reino Unido. Metodología: la habitual en los estudios jurídicos, con manejo del derecho positivo, la doctrina científica, las resoluciones de organismos reguladores y la jurisprudencia. Resultados: los mecanismos de autorregulación y corregulación publicitaria no han servido para frenar el incremento de las tasas de obesidad en la población, especialmente en los menores. La efectividad de las medidas de limitación y prohibición a la publicidad de estos productos requieren de su tratamiento en normas de naturaleza legal o reglamentaria, así como el reconocimiento del ejercicio de potestades públicas como la sancionadora, como se ha realizado en países como Portugal y Reino Unido. Conclusiones: el ordenamiento jurídico español debería adaptar sus determinaciones en la línea que están siguiendo los países objeto de este estudio, como medio eficaz de lucha contra la obesidad y de fomento de hábitos nutricionales saludables, para lograr la mejora de la salud futura de los ciudadanos.
The role of Niger’s uranium supply to France’s electricity export potential in Europe
Authors: Danilov V. A. , Zinovin M. A.
Published: April 2024

This article examines the role of stability of Niger uranium supply to France for the volume of electricity export to Europe, as well as the possible role of Russia in resolving the uranium deficit for nuclear power plants in France. France is considered one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of nuclear energy. For more than 50 years, one of the main suppliers of uranium to France has been its former colony, represented by Niger. Due to the events of 27 July 2023 in the Niger, there is a high risk of a complete cut in the supply of Niger uranium to France, which threatens the energy security not only of France, but of all its neighbors: Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Switzerland and others. Also in this work, the statistical data on uranium shipments from other countries to France are analyzed, the possible risks associated with the changing political situation in the African region are predicted and various measures are presented, which could be taken to mitigate the impact of the disruption of uranium supplies from the Niger to France’s nuclear sector.
EU Energy Policy: Difficulties in the Way of Implementation of Tasks
Authors: Abramova A. A.
Published: April 2024

The article studies the problem of energy policy of the EU. Issues of creation of conditions necessary for realization of declared goals are considered. The features of implementation of the tasks are highlighted. It is concluded that the energy policy of the EU countries has both a number of advantages and a number of difficulties, which can become a significant obstacle to the implementation of all announced projects. The formation of European Union energy policy in recent years has been strongly influenced by external factors, such as: the emergence and development of new technologies, climate change, EU countries’ dependence on energy imports and new policy decisions. Considerable attention is being paid to renewable energy (RES) technologies, which, according to the official EU strategy, will be used for the construction of a closed energy system. Renewable energies include marine renewable energy, “green” public procurement, solar panels, alternative fuels. However, these projects pose a number of challenges for European countries, such as the need to build new infrastructure and reform the tax system. The fulfilment of all the objectives of the “European Green Deal” also involves certain risks, for example, the loss of a significant number of jobs by heavy industry workers and the loss of competitiveness of certain branches of the economy. European energy policy undoubtedly influences the policy of the Russian Federation. The global trend on renewable energy directly concerns Russia and the countries of the post-Soviet space, because this region has a high potential in this industry. This is particularly true for renewable energy sources such as wind power and hydropower. The development of renewable energy sources is undoubtedly a very important process for world politics, because energy is one of the most important resources that nations possess. It is very important to take this into account when considering the world’s political strategies.
Social contract as a tool for overcoming poverty of the working-age population: assessment of budget efficiency and directions of modernization
Authors: Romaikin Pavel Denisovich
Published: April 2024

One of the promising instruments of social support for the population in the Russian Federation is a social contract, the feature of which is the conditional nature of social payments, requiring poor citizens to take active actions to improve their living situation (job search, vocational training, doing business). This study analyzes the Russian and foreign experience in organizing social contract instruments (the TANF program in the USA and the RSA program in France). The subject of the author's research is the effectiveness of budget expenditures of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation for the financial provision of the social contract mechanism in the context of the allocated areas of assistance. Special attention is paid to the legal support of the functioning of the social contract in terms of methods for evaluating its effectiveness and the distribution of appropriate subsidies from the federal budget. Based on the criterion proposed by the author of the relative amount of budget expenditures per citizen who has overcome the poverty threshold, an assessment of the budgetary effectiveness of various areas of assistance under the social contract is carried out. The conclusion is made about the difference in the evaluation results when using official indicators and the author's approach. Thus, official data indicate the success of the results of the social contract program, comparable with foreign analogues. The author's assessment of budgetary efficiency showed the irrational use of budgetary funds: 60% of financial resources in 2021-2022 were directed to the least effective area of assistance. Additionally, the problems in the mechanism of federal co-financing of expenditures of regional budgets for the use of the instrument are identified. The author identifies the methodological shortcomings of the current methodology for evaluating its effectiveness. Based on the identified problems, changes are proposed in the regulatory framework governing the financial mechanism for providing assistance on the basis of a social contract. These results are of high practical significance for the activities of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, as well as regional executive authorities responsible for the implementation of the social contract.
HOW LADDER DRILL V-PATTERN AND SNAKE JUMP EXERCISES IMPACT THE AGILITY OF BASKETBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Custodio Joselito M. , Shukla Manish , Tulyakul Singha , Taiar Redha
Published: April 2024

Background and Study Aim. Agility holds a pivotal role in basketball, influencing both defensive prowess and offensive maneuvers. This research delves into the impact of V-pattern ladder drill and snake jump exercises on basketball players' agility. Materials and Methods. Employing a quantitative methodology, this study adopts a Pre-Experimental design, specifically the Two Group Pretest-Post-test Design, executed across three stages. Utilizing purposive sampling, 15 male basketball athletes from Mariano Marcos State University were recruited as subjects. Data analysis, including normality and homogeneity tests, affirmed the data's appropriateness. Statistical analysis was facilitated using the SPSS 26 application. Results. The findings unveiled a notable enhancement in biomotor agility ability (p=0.005) following ladder drill training. These outcomes imply that incorporating ladder training with V-pattern and snake jumping can positively impact basketball players' agility, potentially enhancing their court performance. Conclusions. In conclusion, the statistical results underscore the effectiveness of ladder drill training with V-pattern and snake jumping in enhancing agility ability, thus advocating for its application in basketball training regimens.
Role of Food Microbiology in Food Safety and Food Security and Biodegradable Packaging of Food
Authors:   BS, Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Pakistan, Sohail Fareeha , A Nadeem ,   BS, Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Pakistan, T Maqsood ,   BS, Department of Microbiology, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan, M Murtaza ,   M.Phil, Department of Biochemistry, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan, F Zafar ,   BS, Department of Microbiology, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan, Arshad Sheeza ,   BS, Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Pakistan, MJ Ahmed ,   Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Pakistan, S Sohail ,   M.Phil, Department of Biochemistry, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan
Published: April 2024

Environmental and food safety concerns are driving the development of biodegradable packaging as a partial replacement for petrochemical-based polymers. This review will keep you up to date on the latest developments in biodegradable packaging materials and the role of virtual technology. Gelatin, starch, chitosan, cellulose, and polylactic acid are examples of common biodegradable materials. Tensile strength, tear resistance, permeability, degradability, and solubility are all properties that influence the selection and use of food packaging materials whereas assimilation is useful in process of biodegradation. Microbial enzymatic actions and bio assimilation can degrade biodegradable films in soil. To improve the performance of packaging materials, nanoparticles are incorporated into blended films.
Screening of Trichoderma Isolates and Potential of Their Organic Extract to Control Phytophthora megakarya, the Causative Agent of Cocoa Black Pod Disease
Authors:   Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Douala, Cameroon, YO Youassi , AT Ambatta ,   Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Douala, Cameroon, NF Dikongue ,   Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Douala, Cameroon, MV Davy ,   Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Douala, Cameroon, M Ntah Ayong ,   Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Douala, Cameroon, NS Tchameni ,   Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Douala, Cameroon, ML Sameza ,   Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Douala, Cameroon
Published: April 2024

The aim of this work was to isolate Trichoderma agents of cocoa trees and to select the best antagonists able to reduce cocoa black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya. Sampling was carried out in the Western region of Cameroon, locality of Bafang. Trichoderma and P. megakarya isolates were made on PDA medium in a Petri dish. In vitro antagonist activity of Trichoderma was evaluated by dual culture and antibiosis tests, and the best isolates were selected. The production of hydrolytic enzymes by the best isolates was done in specific solid media. The antimicrobial effect of the crude organic extract extracted from the selected Trichoderma isolates was performed in vitro by poisoned method. Results showed that 12 Trichoderma spp were isolated. Based on the rating scale of Bell, 4 isolates were selected, namely IS4, IS7, IS9 and IS11. These isolates were found to produce non-volatile and volatiles compounds as well as hydrolytic enzymes (cellulase, amylase, lipase and protease); Their organic crude extract significantly inhibited the growth of mycelial of P. megakarya with IC7 as the best isolates. IS7 Trichoderma isolate significantly produced cellulase, amylase, lipase and protease and at 100μg/ml, its organic crude extract total inhibited the mycelial growth of P. megakarya. It could be suggested that, Trichoderma IS7 isolate should be further investigated as promising biocontrol agent to manage P. megakarya infection.
Rare Cause of Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infection in Non Catheterised Patient
Authors:   2nd Year Resident Department of Infectious Diseases, India, Teja Vasireddy , Karad Rucha ,   2nd Year Resident Department of Infectious Diseases, India, Biswas Malabika ,   Senior Resident Department of Advanced Microbiology, India, Patel Hardik ,   2nd Year Resident Department of Infectious Diseases, India, Bhattacharjee Bhoudhyam ,   1st Year Resident Department of Infectious Diseases, India
Published: April 2024

Background: Leuconostoc Mesenteroides are member of the Streptococcae family and currently has been recognized as potential pathogen.this cause describes a nosocomial infection caused by Leuconostoc Mesenteroides in an patient affected by pulmonary Mucoromycosis. Case Report: A 59 year old diabetic and hypertensive male patient was admitted in infectious diseases department with complaint of intermittent cough with hemoptysis,breathlessness since 6 months,then patient was evaluated and found to have pulmonary Mucoromycosis and hence patient was started on antifungal treatment, during the treatment patient started complaining of burning micturition and increased frequency from 3 days, then patient was suspected to have hospital acquired urinary tract infection and investigated accordingly. Urine routine analysis revealed 12-16 pus cells and ultrasound abdomen showed cystitis, hence patient was started on Piperacillin and tazobactam after sending urine for culture. Automated and conventional culture methods showed culture of Leuconostoc Mesenteroides. Conclusion: We concluded that infections caused by Leuconostoc Mesenteroides is serious and should be considered not only in settings of immunocompromised and on prolonged antibiotic use but also in immunocompetent patient.
Probable Role of Antibody Targeting Nectin-4 in the Treatment of Cancer
Authors:   College of Business, Beijing Open University, Beijing, China, Lu Honghong , Tian Pengpeng ,   College of Science and Technology, Beijing Open University, Beijing, China
Published: April 2024

In recent years, more and more researches have shown that Nectin-4 is a new type of tumor associated antigen. It is highly expressed in breast, ovarian, lung, urothelial, esophageal, liver, colorectal, gastric, gallbladder, bladder and pancreatic cancers, and promotes the development and progression of tumors. Nectin-4 is highly correlated with the prognosis of various tumors. The investigations and mechanism of nectin-4 in various tumor types is reviewed below.
Ion-Specific Interactions Engender Dynamic and Tailorable Soft Matter Properties in Biomimetic Cationic Polyelectrolytes
Authors: Aubrecht Filip , Orme Kennalee , Saul Aiden , Cai Hongyi , Ranathunge Tharindu , Silberstein Meredith , McDonald Ben
Published: April 2024

Biomaterials such as spider silk and mussel byssi are fabricated by the dynamic manipulation of intra- and intermolecular biopolymer interactions. Organisms modulate solution parameters, such as pH and ion co-solute concentration, to effect these processes. These biofabrication schemes provide a conceptual framework to develop new dynamic and responsive abiotic soft material systems. Towards these ends, the chemical diversity of readily available ionic compounds offers a broad palette to manipulate the physicochemical properties of polyelectrolytes via ion-specific interactions. In this study, we show for the first time that the ion-specific interactions of biomimetic polyelectrolytes engenders a variety of phase separation behaviors, creating dynamic, thermal and ion responsive soft matter. that exhibits a spectrum of physical properties, spanning viscous fluids, to viscoelastic and viscoplastic solids. These ion dependent characteristics are further rendered general by the merger of lysine and phenylalanine into a single, amphiphilic vinyl monomer. The unprecedented breadth, precision, and dynamicity in the reported ion dependent phase behaviors thus introduce a broad array of opportunities for the future development of responsive soft matter, properties that are poised to drive developments in critical areas such as chemical sensing, soft robotics, and additive manufacturing.
CO Oxidation Catalyzed by Perovskites: The Role of Crystallographic Distortions Highlighted by Systematic Experiments and AI
Authors: Bellini Giulia , Girgsdies Frank , Koch Gregor , Carey Spencer J. , Timpe Olaf , Auffermann Gudrun , Scheffler Matthias , Schlögl Robert , Foppa Lucas , Trunschke Annette
Published: April 2024

The identification of key parameters that correlate with catalytic performance through a combination of experiments and model calculations can accelerate the development of improved catalysts and reveal the relevant underlying processes. However, the analysis of correlations in heterogeneous catalysis is often hindered by inconsistent data. Besides, nontrivial, yet unknown relationships may be important, and the intricacy of the various processes may be significant. Here, we address these challenges for perovskite-catalyzed CO oxidation by linking systematic experiments and artificial intelligence (AI). For this purpose, 14 AMn(1-x)CuxO3 phase-pure perovskites with A = Pr, La were synthesized, characterized, and tested according to rigorous experiments. To the so-generated consistent dataset, we applied the symbolic-regression SISSO approach and identified a descriptor for CO consumption rates as an analytical expression containing the bulk and surface A content, the copper surface content, and the deviation (D) of the normalized lattice constants from the cubic root of the normalized cell volume. Crucially, D reflects a crystallographic distortion that depends on the element at the A site. Thus, in addition to the relative abundance of redox-active species on the surface, the species at the A-sites also influence the performance by modulating the properties of the material and the surface.
Challenges and opportunities of molecular simulations for negative gas adsorption
Authors: Evans Jack , Coudert François-Xavier
Published: April 2024

Negative gas adsorption (NGA) is a particularly eye-catching phenomenon, involving the spontaneous desorption of gas upon pressure increase during adsorption in a flexible nanoporous material. The material undergoes a structural transition from an “open pore” phase to a contracted “closed pore” phase upon gas adsorption, leading to macroscopic gas desorption visible to the naked eye. It was initially evidenced experimentally in 2016 for the adsorption of methane and n-butane in the DUT-49 metal–organic framework (DUT = Dresden University of Technology), and later demonstrated to be a general phenomenon, occurring for different gases and in a variety of materials with the same topology. NGA materials belong to the category of metamaterials, displaying behavior that is not found (or rarely observed) in “natural” or simple materials. The negative adsorption transition takes place outside of thermodynamic equilibrium, and its characterization requires the use of many complementary experimental techniques (adsorption measurements, in situ X-ray diffraction, EXAFS, NMR, etc.), as well as molecular simulation techniques. In order to obtain a full and consistent picture of the NGA phenomenon, it is indeed necessary to combine computational modelling with a variety of methods, at different scales, in order to understand the microscopic behavior of the host framework and guest molecules to the macroscopic experimental results. At the smallest scale, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to understand the energetics and structure of the NGA materials, as well as the micromechanical properties of their organic linkers: the buckling of these linkers explains the large metastability of the open-pore phase, and gives rise to the NGA transition. At a larger scale, classical grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations in the “rigid host” structures can predict the adsorption capacity of different phases, elucidating the driving force behind the structural transition. To explicitly couple the flexibility of the framework and the adsorption of guest molecules, molecular dynamics simulations (relying on a classical force field for the flexible MOF) can be coupled with free energy methods to investigate the thermodynamics of NGA, obtaining free energy profiles that determine the relative stability of different phases with varying amounts of adsorbed gas. Finally, mesoscopic-scale modeling methods are required in order to understand the phenomenon at a scale larger than one unit cell, and explain experimental findings about the influence of crystal size effects on the NGA transition. This Account summarizes the computational approaches that have been used so far to better understand negative gas adsorption, and highlight open questions and perspectives in this field of research.
Hydrogen-Atom Binding Energy of Structurally Well-defined Cerium Oxide Nodes at the Metal−Organic Framework-Liquid Interfaces
Authors: Ingram Zachary , Lander Chance , Oliver Madeleine , Altincekic Nazmiye Gokce , Huang Liangliang , Shao Yihan , Noh Hyunho
Published: April 2024

Redox-active metal oxides are prevalent in the fields of thermal, photo-, and electrocatalysis. Thermodynamics of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions at their surfaces are critical as they scale with their activity as a catalyst. The structural heterogeneity and ambiguity of surface sites have largely precluded structural understanding of the exact redox-active sites, challenging chemists to design the catalyst structure down to the atomic level. Here, we report electrochemically determined stoichiometry and thermodynamics of PCET reactions of the cerium-based metal−organic framework (MOF), Ce-MOF-808. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of the MOF-deposited electrodes in aqueous buffers at various pHs revealed a Faradaic couple that can be ascribed to Ce4+/3+ redox. Plotting the half-wave potential (E½) against the electrolyte pH resulted in a Pourbaix diagram with a slope of 65 ± 9 mV/pH, suggesting a 1H+/1e- stoichiometry. Using the thermochemical analogy between 1H+/1e- and one H-atom (H∙), the H-atom binding energy on the hexanuclear Ce6 node, the Ce3+O−H bond dissociation free energy (BDFE), was calculated to be 77 ± 2 kcal mol-1. In-silico calculations quantitatively corroborated our BDFE measurements. Furthermore, multiple proton topologies were computationally elucidated to exhibit similar BDFEs to the experimental values, agreeing with the wide Faradaic features of all CVs, implicating that the system has a substantial BDFE distribution. To the best of our understanding, this is the first thermochemical measurement of H-atom binding on MOFs. Implications of the presented thermochemical measurements on catalysis using metal oxides and MOFs are discussed.