bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and experiences with District Health Information System software to collect and utilize health data in Bangladesh: A qualitative exploratory study
Authors: Begum Tahmina , Khan Shaan Muberra , Adamou Bridgit , Ferdous Jannatul , Parvez Muhammad Masud , Islam Mohammad Saiful , Kumkum Feroza Akhter , Rahman Aminur , Anwar Iqbal
Published: November 2019

Background:
Accurate and high-quality data are important for improving program effectiveness and informing policy.
Bangladesh’s health management information system adopted the District Health Information Software, Version 2 (DHIS2) in 2009 to capture real-time health service utilization data. However, routinely collected data are being underused because of poor data quality. We aimed to understand the facilitators and barriers of implementing DHIS2 as a way to retrieve meaningful and accurate data for reproductive, maternal and child health (RMCAH) services.
Methods:
This qualitative study was conducted in two districts of Bangladesh from September 2017 to 2018. Data collection included key informant interviews (n=11), in-depth interviews (n=23), and focus group discussions (n=2). The study participants were individuals involved with DHIS2 implementation from the community level to the national level. The data were analyzed thematically.
Results:
DHIS2 could improve the timeliness and completeness of data reporting over time. The reported facilitating factors were strong government commitment, extensive donor support, and positive attitudes toward the technology among staffs. Quality checks and feedback loops at multiple levels of data gathering points were helpful to minimize data errors. Introducing a dashboard makes DHIS2 compatible to use as monitoring tool. However, the barriers to effective DHIS2 implementation were lack of human resources, slow Internet connectivity, frequent changes to of DHIS2 versions, and maintaining both manual and electronic system side-by-side. Data in DHIS2 remains incomplete because it does not capture data from private health facilities. Having two parallel management information systems reporting the same RMNCAH indicators threatens data quality and increases the reporting workload.
Conclusion:
The overall insights from this study are expected to contribute to the development of effective strategies for successful DHIS2 implementation and building responsive health management information system. Focused strategic direction is needed to sustain the achievements of digital data culture. Periodic refresher trainings, incentives for increased performance, and an automated single reporting system for multiple stakeholders could make the system more user-friendly. A national electronic health strategy and implementation framework can facilitate creating a culture of DHIS2 use for planning, setting priorities, and decision making among stakeholder groups.
TIA and minor stroke: A qualitative study of long-term impact and experiences of follow-up care
Authors: Turner Grace M , McMullan Christel , Atkins Lou , Foy Robbie , Mant Jonathan , Calvert Melanie
Published: November 2019

Background Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke are often considered transient events; however, many patients experience residual problems and reduced quality of life. Current follow-up healthcare focuses on stroke prevention and care for other long-term problems is not routinely provided. We aimed to explore patient and healthcare provider (HCP) experiences of residual problems post-TIA/minor stroke, the impact of TIA/minor stroke on patients’ lives, and current follow-up care and sources of support. Methods This qualitative study recruited participants from three TIA clinics, seven general practices and one community care trust in the West Midlands, England. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 TIA/minor stroke patients and 24 HCPs from primary, secondary and community care with framework analysis. Results A diverse range of residual problems were reported post-TIA/minor stroke, including psychological, cognitive and physical impairments. Consultants and general practitioners generally lacked awareness of these long-term problems; however, there was better recognition among nurses and allied HCPs. Residual problems significantly affected patients’ lives, including return to work, social activities, and relationships with family and friends. Follow-up care was variable and medically focused. While HCPs prioritised medical investigations and stroke prevention medication, patients emphasised the importance of understanding their diagnosis, individualised support regarding stroke risk, and addressing residual problems. Conclusion HCPs could better communicate lay information about TIA/minor stroke diagnosis and secondary stroke prevention, and improve their identification of and response to important residual impairments affecting patients.
Retrospective cohort study of trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) plus bevacizumab versus trifluridine/tipiracil monotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Author) Daisuke Kotani(Former Corresponding , Author) Yasutoshi Kuboki(New Corresponding , Horasawa Satoshi , Kaneko Asumi , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Kawazoe Akihito , Bando Hideaki , Taniguchi Hiroya , Shitara Kohei , Kojima Takashi , Tsuji Akihito , Yoshino Takayuki
Published: November 2019

Background: A previous phase I/II C-TASK FORCE study of trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab for patients with heavily pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) showed promising activity with an acceptable toxicity profile. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab compared with trifluridine/tipiracil monotherapy in patients with heavily pretreated mCRC in clinical settings. Methods: Records of patients with mCRC refractory to standard therapies who initiated trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab from January 2016 to March 2018 or trifluridine/tipiracil monotherapy from June 2014 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed at our institution. Results: Totally, 60 patients received trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab and 66 received trifluridine/tipiracil monotherapy. All patients had previously received standard chemotherapy. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3−5.1] in the trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab group and 2.2 months (95% CI, 1.8−2.6) in the trifluridine/tipiracil monotherapy group [hazards ratio (HR) 0.69; 95% CI 0.48−0.99]. PFS rate at 16 weeks was 46.6% for the trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab group and 33.9% for the trifluridine/tipiracil monotherapy group. Although a relatively higher incidence of grade ≥3 neutropenia was observed in the trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab group than that in the other group (50.0% vs. 40.9%, p = 0.371), the incidence of febrile neutropenia was not high (3.3% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.444). Conclusions: In real-world settings, trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab prolonged PFS and helped achieve higher 16-week PFS rate compared with trifluridine/tipiracil monotherapy in patients with heavily pretreated mCRC with manageable toxicities. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered
PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in the tumor microenvironment including peritumoral tissue in primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Furuse Motomasa , Kuwabara Hiroko , Ikeda Naokado , Hattori Yasuhiko , Ichikawa Tomotsugu , Kagawa Naoki , Kikuta Kenichiro , Tamai Sho , Nakada Mitsutoshi , Wakabayashi Toshihiko , Wanibuchi Masahiko , Kuroiwa Toshihiko , Hirose Yoshinobu , Miyatake Shin-Ichi
Published: November 2019

Background: The prevalence of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 expression on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains unclear. In the present study, we analyzed needle biopsy and craniotomy specimens of patients with PCNSL to compare the PD-L1 and PD-L2 levels in the tumor and surrounding (peritumoral) tissue. We also assessed the correlation between biological factors and the prognostic significance of PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 70 patients histologically diagnosed with PCNSL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma). Immunohistochemistry for CD20, CD68, PD-L1, and PD-L2 was performed. In cases with specimens taken by craniotomy, the percentages of PD-L1- and PD-L2-positive macrophages were evaluated in both tumor and peritumoral tissue. The Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model were used for survival analysis.

Results: The tumor cells expressed little or no PD-L1 and PD-L2, but macrophages expressed PD-L1 and PD-L2 in most of the patients. The median percentage of PD-L2-positive cells was significantly higher among peritumoral macrophages (32.5%; 95%CI: 0–94.6) than intratumoral macrophages (27.5%; 95%CI: 0–81.1, p=0.0014). There was a significant correlation between the percentages of PD-L2-positive intratumoral macrophages and PD-L2-positive peritumoral macrophages (p=0.0429), with very low coefficient correlation (ρ=0.098535). PD-L1 expression on macrophages was significantly associated with biological factors (intratumoral macrophages: better KPS, p=0.0008; better MSKCC score, p=0.0103; peritumoral macrophages: low proportion of LDH elevation, p=0.0064) and longer OS (for intratumoral macrophages: high PD-L1=60 months, 95%CI=30–132.6; low PD-L1=24 months, 95%CI=11–48; p=0.032; for peritumoral macrophages: high PD-L1=60 months, 95%CI=30.7–NR; low PD-L1=14 months, 95%CI=3–26). PD-L1 expression on peritumoral macrophages was strongly predictive of a favorable outcome (HR=0.30, 95%CI=0.12–0.77, p=0.0129).

Conclusions: Macrophages in intratumoral and peritumoral tissue expressed PD-L1 and PD-L2 at a higher rate than tumor cells. PD-L1 expression, especially on peritumoral macrophages, seems to be an important prognostic factor in PCNSL. Future comprehensive analysis of checkpoint molecules in the tumor microenvironment, including the peritumoral tissue, is warranted.
Genomic measures of inbreeding coefficients and genome-wide scan for runs of homozygosity islands in Iranian river buffalo, Bubalus bubalis
Authors: Ghoreishifar Seyed Mohammad , Moradi-Shahrbabak Hossein , Fallahi Mohammad Hossein , Jalil-Sarghaleh Ali , Moradi-Shahrbabak Mohammad , Abdollahi-Arpanahi Rostam , Khansefid Majid
Published: November 2019

Background: Consecutive homozygous fragments of the genome inherited from a common ancestor to offspring are known as runs of homozygosity (ROH). ROH can be used to calculate genomic inbreeding and to identifying genomic regions that are potentially under historical selection pressure. The dataset of our study consisted of 254 Azeri (AZ) and 115 Khuzestani (KHZ) river buffalo genotyped for ~65000 SNPs for the following two purposes: 1) to estimate and compare inbreeding calculated using ROH (FROH), excess of homozygosity (FHOM), correlation between uniting gametes (FUNI), and diagonal elements of the genomic relationship matrix (FGRM); 2) to identify frequently occurring ROH (i.e. ROH islands) for our selection signature and gene enrichment studies. Results: In this study, 9102 ROH were identified, with an average number of 21.2±13.1 and 33.2±15.9 segments per animal in AZ and KHZ breeds, respectively. On average in AZ, 4.35% (108.8±120.3 Mb), and in KHZ, 5.96% (149.1±107.7 Mb) of the genome was autozygous. The estimated inbreeding values based on FHOM, FUNI and FGRM were higher in AZ than they were in KHZ, which was in contrast to the FROH estimates. We identified 11 ROH islands (four in AZ and seven in KHZ). In the KHZ breed, the genes located in ROH islands were enriched for multiple Gene Ontology (GO) terms (P<0.05). The genes located in ROH islands were associated with diverse biological functions and traits such as body size and muscle development (BMP2), immune response (CYP27B1), milk production and components (MARS, ADRA1A, and KCTD16), coat colour and pigmentation (PMEL and MYO1A), reproductive traits (INHBC, INHBE, STAT6 and PCNA), and bone development (SUOX). Conclusion: The calculated FROH was in line with expected higher inbreeding in KHZ than in AZ because of the smaller effective population size of KHZ. Thus, we find that FROH can be used as a robust estimate of genomic inbreeding. Further, the majority of ROH peaks were overlapped with or in close proximity to the previously reported genomic regions with signatures of selection. This tells us that it is likely that the genes in the ROH islands have been subject to artificial and/or natural selection.
Towards accurate exclusion of neonatal bacterial meningitis: a feasibility study of a novel 16S rDNA PCR assay.
Authors: Abelian Arthur , Mund Thomas , Curran Martin , Savill Stuart , Mitra Nipa , Charan Carol , Ogilvy-Stuart Amanda , Pelham Hugh , Dear Paul
Published: November 2019

Background: PCRctic is an innovative assay based on 16S rDNA PCR technology that has been designed to detect a single intact bacterium in a specimen of cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF). The assay’s potential for accurate, fast and inexpensive discrimination of bacteria-free CSF makes it an ideal adjunct for confident exclusion of bacterial meningitis in newborn babies where the negative predictive value of bacterial culture is poor. This study aimed to stress-test and optimize PCRctic in the “field conditions” to attain a clinically useful level of specificity. Methods: The specificity of PCRctic was evaluated in CSF obtained from newborn babies investigated for meningitis on a tertiary neonatal unit. Following an interim analysis, the method of skin antisepsis was changed to increase bactericidal effect, and snap-top tubes (EppendorfTM) replaced standard universal containers for collection of CSF to reduce environmental contamination. Results: The assay’s specificity was 90.5% in CSF collected into the snap-top tubes – up from 60% in CSF in the universal containers. The method of skin antisepsis had no effect on the specificity. All CSF cultures were negative and no clinical cases of neonatal bacterial meningitis occurred during the study.Conclusions: a simple and inexpensive optimization of CSF collection resulted in a high specificity output. The low prevalence of neonatal bacterial meningitis means that a large multi-centre study will be required to validate the assay’s sensitivity and its negative predictive value.
The effect of information on prostate cancer screening decision process: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Charvin Maud , Launoy Guy , Berchi Célia
Published: November 2019

Background: Prostate cancer screening is controversial because of uncertainty about its benefits and risks. The aim of this survey was to reveal preferences of men concerning prostate cancer screening and to test the effect of an informative video on these preferences. Methods: A stated preferences questionnaire was sent by e-mail to men aged 50-75 with no history of prostate cancer. Half of them were randomly assigned to view an informative video. A discrete choice model was established to reveal men’s preferences for six prostate cancer screening characteristics: mortality by prostate cancer, number of false positive and false negative results, number of overdiagnosis, out-of-pocket costs and recommended frequency. Results: 1024 men representative of the French general population filled in the entire questionnaire. Each attribute gave the expected sign except for overdiagnosis. The video seemed to increase the intention to abstain from prostate cancer screening. Conclusions: The participants attached greater importance to a decrease in the number of false negatives and a reduction in prostate cancer mortality than to other risks such as the number of false positives and overdiagnosis. Further research is needed to help men make an informed choice regarding screening.
Genomic analysis of demographic history and ecological niche modeling in the endangered Chinese Grouse Tetrastes sewerzowi
Authors: Song Kai , Gao Bin , Halvarsson Peter , Fang Yun , Jiang Ying-Xin , Sun Yue-Hua , Höglund Jacob
Published: November 2019

Background: The Quaternary is characterized by marked climatic oscillations between glacial and interglacial periods that had worldwide consequences in forming the contemporary diversity of many populations, species and communities. The origin and evolution of biodiversity in mountainous areas are highly dependent on historical orogenesis and associated climatic changes. The Chinese grouse Tetrastes sewerzowi is a forest-dwelling species endemic to the mountains to the east of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, which has been listed as Near Threatened with a decreasing trend by the IUCN because of ongoing deforestation and fragmentation of coniferous forests. Understanding demographic history is important in placing current population status into a broader ecological and evolutionary context. Results: Analysis of the Chinese Grouse genome reveals fluctuation in effective population size throughout the Pleistocene. Populations decreased during early to middle Pleistocene but showed an expansion during late Pleistocene then followed a sharp decline during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Ecological niche modeling indicated that suitable habitat shift between high altitude regions to low altitude regions were due to a changing climate. The result parallels patterns of population size change in Chinese Grouse estimated from PSMC modelling, which suggested an expansion in population size from the last interglacial period and then a peak and a bottleneck occurring at the LGM. Furthermore, the present-day distribution of Chinese Grouse is greatly reduced and will become highly fragmented if boreal forest cover restricts the ecological niche. Conclusions: The Chinese Grouse have experienced substantial population size changes from the beginning to the LIG and reached a peak before the LGM. A sharp decrease and bottleneck happened during the LGM, when the conifer forests were subjected to extensive loss. The results inferred from the whole genome sequencing and species distribution models both support the historical population fluctuation. The distribution of the Chinese Grouse was strongly dependent on the boreal forest cover. To protect the fragmented boreal forest is an essential action to protect the Chinese Grouse.
Exploring characteristics of COPD patients with clinical improvement after integrated disease management or usual care: post-hoc analysis of the RECODE study
Authors: Meijer Eline , Eeden Annelies E. van , Kruis Annemarije L. , Boland Melinde R.S. , Assendelft W. J.J. (Pim) , Tsiachristas Apostolos , Mölken Maureen P.M.H. Rutten-van , Kasteleyn Marise J. , Chavannes Niels H.
Published: November 2019

Background: The cluster randomized controlled trial on (cost-)effectiveness of integrated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management in primary care (RECODE) showed that integrated disease management (IDM) in primary care had no effect on quality of life (QOL) in COPD patients compared with usual care. It is possible that only a subset of COPD patients in primary care benefit from IDM. We therefore examined which patients benefit from IDM, and whether patient characteristics predict clinical improvement over time. Method: Post-hoc analyses of the RECODE trial among 1086 COPD patients. Logistic regression analyses were performed with baseline characteristics as predictors to examine determinants of improvement in QOL, defined as a minimal decline in Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) of 0.4 points after 12 and 24 months of IDM. We also performed moderation analyses to examine whether predictors of clinical improvement differed between IDM and usual care. Results: Regardless of treatment type, more severe dyspnea (MRC) was the most important predictor of clinically improved QOL at 12 and 24 months, suggesting that these patients have most room for improvement. Although the interaction effect between gender and treatment condition was nonsignificant, it appeared that male patients were worse off with IDM than usual care. Conclusions: More severe dyspnea is a key predictor of improved QOL in COPD patients over time. Future IDM programs, provided that they are effective, may benefit from tailoring to gender such that the programs meet the individual needs of both female and male COPD patients. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register, NTR2268. Registered 31 March 2010, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/2144 .
Software Engineering for Machine Learning in Health Informatics
Authors: Moreb Mohammed , Ata Oguz
Published: November 2019

Background We propose a novel framework for health Informatics: framework and methodology of Software Engineering for machine learning in Health Informatics (SEMLHI). This framework shed light on its features, that allow users to study and analyze the requirements, determine the function of objects related to the system and determine the machine learning algorithms that will be used for the dataset.Methods Based on original data that collected from the hospital in Palestine government in the past three years, first the data validated and all outlier removed, analyzed using develop framework in order to compare ML provide patients with real-time. Our proposed module comparison with three Systems Engineering Methods Vee, agile and SEMLHI. The result used by implement prototype system, which require machine learning algorithm, after development phase, questionnaire deliver to developer to indicate the result using three methodology. SEMLHI framework, is composed into four components: software, machine learning model, machine learning algorithms, and health informatics data, Machine learning Algorithm component used five algorithms use to evaluate the accuracy for machine learning models on component.Results we compare our approach with the previously published systems in terms of performance to evaluate the accuracy for machine learning models, the results of accuracy with different algorithms applied for 750 case, linear SVG have about 0.57 value compared with KNeighbors classifier, logistic regression, multinomial NB, random forest classifier. This research investigates the interaction between SE, and ML within the context of health informatics, our proposed framework define the methodology for developers to analyzing and developing software for the health informatic model, and create a space, in which software engineering, and ML experts could work on the ML model lifecycle, on the disease level and the subtype level.Conclusions This article is an ongoing effort towards defining and translating an existing research pipeline into four integrated modules, as framework system using the dataset from healthcare to reduce cost estimation by using a new suggested methodology. The framework is available as open source software, licensed under GNU General Public License Version 3 to encourage others to contribute to the future development of the SEMLHI framework.
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency: One disease- many faces
Authors: Grünert Sarah Catharina , Sass Jörn Oliver
Published: November 2019

Background 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency (HMGCLD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of ketogenesis and leucine degradation due to mutations in HMGCL .Method We performed a systematic literature search to identify all published cases. 211 patients of whom relevant clinical data were available were included in this analysis. Clinical course, biochemical findings and mutation data are highlighted and discussed. An overview on all published HMGCL variants is provided.Results More than 95% of patients presented with acute metabolic decompensation. Most patients manifested within the first year of life, 42.4% already neonatally. Very few individuals remained asymptomatic. The neurologic long-term outcome was favorable with 62.6% of patients showing normal development.Conclusion This comprehensive data analysis provides a systematic overview on all published cases with HMGCLD including a list of all known HMGCL mutations.
Why is misdiagnosis more likely among some people with rare diseases than others? Insights from a population-based cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Dong Dong , Chung Roger Yat-Nork , Chan Rufina , Gong Shiwei , Xu Huan
Published: November 2019

Background For patients with rare diseases (RD), misdiagnosis has been regarded as one of the key issues that hinder RD patients’ accessibility to timely treatment. Yet, less is known about the main factors associated with RD patients’ misdiagnosis. The objective of this study is to use the data from a national survey among 2,040 RD patients from China to explore the association between misdiagnosis and other factors, including patients’ demographics, socio-economic characteristics, medical history, and their accessibility to RD information.Results Three binary logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the relationships between misdiagnosis and level of rarity of the RDs (mild, moderate and severe), demographics, health insurance levels and accessibility to disease-related information by using the total sample, and the adult and minor sub-samples.It is found that accessibility to RD information is the most critical factor influencing the patients’ chances of being misdiagnosed. In other words, the greater the difficulty in accessing information on RD management, the higher the possibility of experiencing misdiagnosis.Such influences from information accessibility to misdiagnosis were repeatedly discovered when exploring the adult and the minor sub-samples. The association between perceived economic status and misdiagnosis only occurs in the total sample. The only other factor significantly associated misdiagnosis was disease complication: participants who reported no complications are less likely to experience misdiagnosis.Conclusions Our study indicated that patients with RDs who have difficulty in accessing disease-related information have nearly two to five times higher chances of being misdiagnosed. Even after considering the patients’ age, gender, economic levels and education levels, the impact of information accessibility still stands out. Our finding highlights the fact that accessibility to information is the key to reducing misdiagnosis among RD patients.
The Azoles in Pharmacochemistry: Perspectives on the Synthesis of New Compounds and Chemoinformatic Contributions
Authors: de Oliveira Viana Jéssika , Monteiro Alex France Messias , Filho José Maria Barbosa , Scotti Luciana , Scotti Marcus Tullius
Published: November 2019

:

Due to their versatile biological activity, Azoles are widely studied in pharmacochemistry. It is possible
to use them in many applications and in studies aimed at discovering antiparasitic, antineoplastic, antiviral,
antimicrobial compounds; and in the production of materials for treatment of varied pathologies. Based on their
biological activity, our review presents several studies that involve this class of organic compounds. A bibliographic
survey of this type can effectively contribute to pharmaceutical sciences, stimulating the discovery of new
compounds, and structural improvements to biological profiles of interest. In this review, articles are discussed
involving the synthesis of new compounds and chemoinformatic contributions. Current applications of azoles in
both the pharmaceutical and agri-business sectors are well known, yet as this research highlights, azole compounds
can also bring important contributions to the fight against many diseases. Among the heterocyclics, azoles
are increasingly studied by research groups around the world for application against tuberculosis, HIV, fungal and
bacterial infections; and against parasites such as leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis. Our hope is that this work
will help arouse the interest of research groups planning to develop new bioactives to fight against these and
other diseases.
Progress in the Mechanism and Clinical Application of Cilostazol
Authors: Zheng Huilei , Yang Hua , Gong Danping , Mai Lanxian , Qiu Xiaoling , Chen Lidai , Su Xiaozhou , Wei Ruoqi , Zeng Zhiyu
Published: November 2019

:

Cilostazol is a unique platelet inhibitor that has been used clinically for more than 20 years. As a phosphodiesterase type III inhibitor, cilostazol is capable of reversible inhibition of platelet aggregation and vasodilation, has antiproliferative effects, and is widely used in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease, percutaneous coronary intervention, etc. This article briefly reviews the pharmacological mechanisms and clinical application of cilostazol.
Design of Arylsulfonylhydrazones as Potential FabH Inhibitors: Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation and Molecular Docking
Authors: Fernandes Thais Batista , Segretti Natanael Dante , Lourenço Felipe Rebello , Cândido Thalita Marcílio , Baby André Rolim , Barbosa Euzébio Guimarães , Parise-Filho Roberto
Published: November 2019

Background:

Antimicrobial resistance is a persistent problem regarding infection
treatment and calls for developing new antimicrobial agents. Inhibition of bacterial β-ketoacyl acyl
carrier protein synthase III (FabH), which catalyzes the condensation reaction between a CoAattached
acetyl group and an ACP-attached malonyl group in bacteria is an interesting strategy to
find new antibacterial agents.

Objective:

The aim of this work was to design and synthesize arylsulfonylhydrazones potentially
FabH inhibitors and evaluate their antimicrobial activity.

Methods:

MIC50 values of sulfonylhydrazones against E. coli and S. aureus were determined. Antioxidant
activity was evaluated by DPPH (1-1’-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay and cytotoxicity
against LL24 lung fibroblast cells was verified by MTT method. Principal component analysis
(PCA) was performed in order to suggest a structure-activity relationship. Molecular docking allowed
to propose sulfonylhydrazones interactions with FabH.

Results:

The most active compound showed activity against S. aureus and E. coli, with MIC50 =
0.21 and 0.44 μM, respectively. PCA studies correlated better activity to lipophilicity and molecular
docking indicated that sulfonylhydrazone moiety is important to hydrogen-bond with FabH
while methylcatechol ring performs π-π stacking interaction. The DPPH assay revealed that some
sulfonylhydrazones derived from the methylcatechol series had antioxidant activity. None of the
evaluated compounds was cytotoxic to human lung fibroblast cells, suggesting that the compounds
might be considered safe at the tested concentration.

Conclusion:

Arylsufonylhydrazones is a promising scaffold to be explored for the design of new
antimicrobial agents.
Improvement of Mason Rule for Solving the Complicated Block Diagram
Authors: Jiang Wen-M. , Chen Chung C. , Chen Yen T. , Cao Li J.
Published: November 2019

Background:

This study first efficiently applies the previous result Chen Electrical Unifying
Approach (CEUA) utilized in the basic circuit theory to construct the control system matrix
equation of the complicated block diagram.

Methods:

Based on the simple matrix operations proposed in this study, we can easily derive the
transfer function without using the traditional Mason rule and the reduced techniques of the block
diagram. We have successfully proposed a unifying approach to improve the disadvantages of the
Mason rule, in which all loops must be found out and only the transfer function between the input
node and the output node is evaluated, and the shortcoming of the reduced techniques for the block
diagram is that the calculating process is too complex to be accepted.

Results:

The salient features of the proposed method are that the transfer function of the complicated
block diagram can be easily obtained without using traditional Mason rule and the transfer function
of any two nodes is immediately derived within only one calculation.

Conclusion:

We compared some demonstrated examples with some traditional approaches. Moreover,
to demonstrate the practical applicability, the study has investigated one practical example.
Ionic Liquids for Therapeutic and Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Zandu Simran K. , Chopra Hitesh , Singh Inderbir
Published: November 2019

Background:

Ionic liquids (ILs) are ionic compounds with highly tunable and remarkable
properties which make them an important candidate in multiple domains such as extraction, synthesis,
analytics, catalysis, biotechnology, therapeutics as well as pharmaceutical sciences.

Objective:

This review systematically highlights the classification, properties and toxicity of ionic
liquids. It focuses on exploring the biological activity of ionic liquids, which includes antimicrobial
and anticancer property along with an emphasis on the concept of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient-
Ionic Liquids (API-ILs) for explaining the emulsifier and solubility enhancement property of ILs.
An elaborative discussion on the application of ILs for the development of oral, transdermal and
topical drug delivery systems has also been presented with suitable literature support.

Conclusion:

Ionic liquids possess exceptional potential in the field of medicine, biology and chemistry.
The mPOWERED Electronic Learning System for Intimate Partner Violence Education: Mixed Methods Usability Study
Authors: Hughes Charmayne , Musselman Elaine A , Walsh Lilia , Mariscal Tatiana , Warner Sam , Hintze Amy , Rashidi Neela , Gordon-Murer Chloe , Tanha Tiana , Licudo Fahrial , Ng Rachel , Tran Jenna
Published: November 2019

Background

Nurse practitioners are a common resource for victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) presenting to health care settings. However, they often have inadequate knowledge about IPV and lack self-efficacy and confidence to be able to screen for IPV and communicate effectively with patients.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop and test the usability of a blended learning system aimed at educating nurse practitioner students on topics related to IPV (ie, the mPOWERED system [Health Equity Institute]).

Methods

Development of the mPOWERED system involved usability testing with 7 nurse educators (NEs) and 18 nurse practitioner students. Users were asked to complete usability testing using a speak-aloud procedure and then complete a satisfaction and usability questionnaire.

Results

Overall, the mPOWERED system was deemed to have high usability and was positively evaluated by both NEs and nurse practitioner students. Respondents provided critical feedback that will be used to improve the system.

Conclusions

By including target end users in the design and evaluation of the mPOWERED system, we have developed a blended IPV learning system that can easily be integrated into health care education. Larger-scale evaluation of the pedagogical impact of this system is underway.
Optimizing an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Microintervention Via a Mobile App With Two Cohorts: Protocol for Micro-Randomized Trials (Preprint)
Authors: Kroska Emily B , Hoel Sydney , Victory Amanda , Murphy Susan A , McInnis Melvin G , Stowe Zachary N , Cochran Amy
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Given gaps in the treatment of mental health, brief adaptive interventions have become a public health imperative. Transdiagnostic interventions may be particularly appropriate given high rates of medical comorbidity and the broader reach of transdiagnostic therapies. One such approach utilized herein is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), which is focused on increasing engagement with values, awareness, and openness to internal experiences. ACT theory posits that experiential avoidance is at the center of human suffering, regardless of diagnosis, and, as such, seeks to reduce unworkable experiential avoidance.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective is to provide the rationale and protocol for examining the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of optimizing an ACT-based intervention via a mobile app among two disparate samples, which differ in sociodemographic characteristics and symptom profiles.

METHODS

Twice each day, participants are prompted via a mobile app to complete assessments of mood and activity and are then randomly assigned to an ACT-based intervention or not. These interventions are questions regarding engagement with values, awareness, and openness to internal experiences. Participant responses are recorded. Analyses will examine completion of assessments, change in symptoms from baseline assessment, and proximal change in mood and activity. A primary outcome of interest is proximal change in activity (eg, form and function of behavior and energy consumed by avoidance and values-based behavior) following interventions as a function of time, symptoms, and behavior, where we hypothesize that participants will focus more energy on values-based behaviors. Analyses will be conducted using a weighted and centered least squares approach. Two samples will run concurrently to assess the capacity of optimizing mobile ACT in populations that differ widely in their clinical presentation and sociodemographic characteristics: individuals with bipolar disorder (n=30) and distressed first-generation college students (n=50).

RESULTS

Recruitment began on September 10, 2019, for the bipolar sample and on October 5, 2019, for the college sample. Participation in the study began on October 18, 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

This study examines an ACT-based intervention among two disparate samples. Should ACT demonstrate feasibility and preliminary effectiveness in each sample, a large randomized controlled trial applying ACT across diagnoses and demographics would be indicated. The public health implications of such an approach may be far-reaching.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04098497; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04098497; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04081662; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04081662

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/17086
Web-Based Consumer Health Education About Back Pain: Findings of Potential Tensions From a Photo-Elicitation and Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Setchell Jenny , Turpin Merrill , Costa Nathalia , Hodges Paul
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, with huge social and economic impact. There is extensive extant literature investigating the efficacy of various management approaches ranging from surgery to psychological interventions to exercise. However, this work has focused almost entirely on efficacy in terms of pain reduction, functional improvement, and psychological changes. This focus has meant that unanticipated social or socio-cultural effects of back pain health care have received little attention.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to scrutinize some of the conceptual tensions inherent in contemporary LBP health care approaches and to highlight their material effects.

METHODS

We used a qualitative research design adapted from discourse analysis, which was able to consider key discursive tensions underpinning a LBP website. Data collection involved observing the interaction between adult participants with LBP and the website in the following two ways: (1) observational interview, where participants were observed interacting with the website for the first time and asked to discuss their responses to it as they moved through the website and (2) photo-elicitation, where for a month after their first use of the website, people took photographs of what was happening in their lives when they thought of the website and discussed them in a follow-up interview. We used a postcritical discourse analysis approach to examine data produced from these methods.

RESULTS

Our postcritical discourse analysis identified key discursive tensions, including between living with and reducing LBP, keeping active and resting, and patient choice and giving guidance.

CONCLUSIONS

Our analysis suggests ways for considering less dominant perspectives without having to discard the benefits of dominant ones. Although the focus of LBP discourses has changed (less biomedical and less about cure), they still hold on to some of the problematic dominant paradigmatic concepts such as biomedicine and individualism. The tensions we highlight are likely to be highly useful for teaching and implementing LBP care across multiple health care settings.

CLINICALTRIAL
Orality and Ritual in Collective Memory: A Theoretical Discussion
Authors: Lattu Izak Y. M.
Published: November 2019

Kajian ini mengeksplorasi oralitas dan ritual dalam memori kolektif dari perspektif sosiologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pertanyaan tentang bagaimana komunitas dalam masyarakat yang berorientasi lisan kuat menjaga memori kolektif. Sementara dalam masyarakat tertulis kanon merupakan wadah ingatan kolektif. Masyarakat berorientasi lisan yang kuat mempertahankan ingatan dalam kinerja lisan dan ritual. Oralitas menciptakan memori kolektif melalui pelestarian sejarah masa lalu. Kinerja ritual, membawa masa lalu kembali ke masa sekarang untuk mengantisipasi interaksi sosial di masa depan. Oleh karena itu, perangkat mnemonik berfungsi untuk melestarikan nilai-nilai komunal dan untuk mengirimkan narasi komunal ke generasi berikutnya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan melalui perspektif Durkheimian untuk menjadi batu ujian untuk memahami ritual keagamaan dan memori kolektif dalam masyarakat yang berorientasi lisan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ingatan kolektif dalam masyarakat yang berorientasi pada lisan kuat diciptakan secara kultural melalui bentuk-bentuk oralitas seperti narasi, simbol lisan serta pertunjukan ritual keagamaan.
PARENT’S MOTIVATION IN FORMAL EDUCATION AT RESTRICTION AREA (Case Study in People of Keter Laut Island Regency of Bintan)
Authors: Miswanto Miswanto , Utari Diah Siti , Pramono Dwikhy Anindito
Published: November 2019

Education is a necessity for everyone. By education, people will clever and can solve both social and economy problems in their family. Because of that reason, parent’s involvement in children education can be interpreted as indicator how their perception about education. Most of people in Keter Laut Island have profession as fisherman which depend on yield of ocean’s catch. It makes parent sometime forget their duty as first agent of socialization in family and also forget right of the children. It a must for parent to make a life and be responsible to their family, not involve children to work, especially for whom need education and lesson at school. The goal of this research is to know how parent’s motivation in formal education for children in Keter Laut Island. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative, which use both of interpretative and naturalistic approach to the main study (Subject of Matter). The population of this research is parents who have children attend school. The sample is taken by Saturated Sampling technique. There are 20 people as the sample. From this research, all parents in Keter Laut Island want their children have a better education because by education, intelligence will improve and of course it will change people’s life in Keter Laut Island include their economy sector. Beside of that, parents also do not want their children have same destiny as their parents who have profession as a fisherman while their income just enough barely to live on.
The Effect Of Proactive Personality and Organizational Support For Career Development On Career Satisfaction
Authors: Novianti Fadlilah Karunia , Yogatama Gandi Aswaja
Published: November 2019

Employee Career satisfaction is an important element that needs to be managed by the organization. This study aims to find evidence of the important role of mediating Career Management Behavior in the role of Organizational Support for Career Development and Proactive Personalities towards Career satisfaction. This type of research is quantitative research. The population used in this study were all employees of PT Barito Putera who got 44 people. This study uses census techniques in sampling. While the analysis technique is used is partial least square (PLS) with the help of SmartPLS3 software. The results of this study indicate that Career Management Behavior can mediate the effect of Proactive personality and Organizational Support for Career Development on Career satisfaction.
Activación e interiorización de valores empresariales a través del deporte: uso y abuso del deporte en la empresa y en la acción social
Authors: Santos Ortega Antonio
Published: November 2019

El lugar del deporte como herramienta de intervención educativa en las políticas sociales ha cobrado peso en los últimos veinte años. En este texto, se analizarán los usos recientes del deporte desde las políticas sociales y el mundo de la empresa. La hipótesis de partida es que el deporte se está utilizando como medio de activación y, por tanto, entronca con las políticas de activación dirigidas a colectivos con dificultades de integración social. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar críticamente estos usos del deporte. Para avanzar en este análisis, se seleccionan tres casos de programas sociales e iniciativas empresariales donde se instrumentaliza el deporte con estas finalidades activadoras y de producción en estos colectivos de una subjetividad basada en el esfuerzo, la disciplina y la superación personal. Se utilizan para el análisis documentos de las entidades que organizan dichos programas.
Development of Approach to Typology of Internet Communities based on Discursive Markers of Collective Subjectivity
Authors: Pavlova Natalya D , Voronin Anatoly N , Grebenschikova Taisiya A , Kubrak Tina A
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the problems of the typology of network communities, representing the new social reality of modern digital society. The methodology of a comprehensive study of social communities based on socio-psychological and psycholinguistic methods, the use of the discursive approach and the subject category, little studied in relation to large social groups, determine the novelty of the research. According to the main research hypothesis, various forms of group subjectivity, which determine its readiness for joint activities, are manifested in the discourse of the network community, which constitutes it by mediating the interaction of its members, transmitting ideas about the world, values, relations, attitudes and setting patterns of behavior. We deﬁned discursive features of internet communities relevant to the various forms of group subjectivity and subjectivity criteria - interconnectedness, focus on joint activities, etc. A procedure for identifying discursive characteristics of the subjectivity of a network community of various levels (lexical, procedural, semantic) was presented and their examples were given. On this basis, a comparative analysis of network communities, providing for the future creation of their psychological typology was carried out.
Psychology: Creating the Future Together - Results of 16th European Congress of Psychology
Authors: Ershova Regina V
Published: November 2019

The report contains a brief overview of the 16th European Congress of Psychology (ECP2019), which was held in Moscow at July 2-5, 2019. The congress brought together more than 3,000 delegates from 94 countries of the world and became one of the landmark international events in the ﬁeld of psychology in 2019.