bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEATURES OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PANCREATICOPLEURAL FISTULA
Authors:   National Research Mordovia State University, Romanov M.D. , Davydkin V.I. ,   National Research Mordovia State University, Kireeva E.M. ,   National Research Mordovia State University,   «Republican Clinical Hospital No4", Pigachev A.V. ,   National Research Mordovia State University, Gorbacheva I.V. ,   Sechenov First MoscowState Medical University (Sechenov University), Dekhissi E.I. ,   Sechenov First MoscowState Medical University (Sechenov University), Arlou P.A. ,   International Software Development Company Innowise, Volchenko O.V. ,   V. T. Zaytsev Institute of General and Urgent Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
Published: April 2021

The analysis of features of diagnosis and treatment of pancreaticopleural fistulas according to the materials of publications and own clinical observation of a 44-year-old patient with fistula between a false pancreas cyst and both pleural cavities is presented. Diagnosis in the debut of this disease was complicated by the prevalence of pleural pulmonary pathology, lack of characteristic clinical signs of pancreatic lesion and lack of references to them in the anamnesis. The sudden color change of pleural exudates from straw yellow to red-brown and comparison of the results of blood serum and pleural fluid analysis for amylase content allowed suspecting pancreatogenic origin of bilateral hydrothorax, which served as a basis for instrumental examination of the pancreas. The nature and prevalence of the process in the pancreas, abdominal cavity and the presence of pancreaticopleural fistula with bilateral hydrothorax were established by ultrasound and multispiral computer tomography of the thoracic and abdominal cavities; specification - by magnetic resonance imaging in the modes of T1-BI, T2-BI and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP). Conservative treatment of acute inflammation of the pancreas in combination with puncture method of sanation of pleural cavities led to the elimination of pancreatic pleural fistula and bilateral hydrothorax. The choice of the method for the rehabilitation of pleural cavities should be justified by the nature, volume, rate of exudates accumulation and its infection. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is being used routinely to determine the expediency, possibility and the choice of method and volume of surgical treatment of pancreas pathology.
CURRENT STANDARDS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR VENOUS TROPHIC ULCERS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, Katorkin S.E. , Sushkou S.A. ,   Vitebsk State Medical University, Kushnarchuk M.Y. ,   Samara State Medical University, Kaliadzich Zh.V. ,   N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center of Belarus, Ena D.L. ,   N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center of Belarus, Zamotin I.D. ,   International Software Development Company Innowise, Arlou P.A. ,   International Software Development Company Innowise, Volchenko O.V. ,   V. T. Zaytsev Institute of General and Urgent Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
Published: April 2021

Today, a wide spectrum of surgical techniques for the treatment of patients with refractory persistent venous trophic ulcers of the lower extremities based on the generally accepted standard sare proposed. The main aim of surgical therapy is the elimination of the lower extremity venous refluxso that the solution of this problem significantly reduces the incidencerate ofrecurrent ulceration in comparison with the conservative therapy alone. In addition to classical varicose vein surgery, the current options of the endovenous interventions are available: endovenous laser ablation (EVLA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), mechanochemicalablation(MOCA), foam sclerotherapy or cyanoacrylate embolization. The most preferable method of a local surgical correction of the refractory venous trophic ulcers is layer-by-layer dermatolypectomy (shave therapy) in combination with simultaneous autodermoplastywith free split perforatedcutaneousflap. The remote results with a healing rate of over 80% cannot be achieved with any other method. Subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery(SEPS) in the presence of an epithelialized or open trophic ulcer is used for correction of pathological venous refluxin the case when endovasal and minimally invasive techniques of obliteration cannot be applied. The shin fasciotomy is used to relieve pressure in the diagnosed muscle compartment. Lower extremity fasciotomy for acute compartment syndrome is currently performed in case of special indications for the treatment of deep transfascial necrosis, recurrence of trophic ulcers after shave therapy, severe calcification of the shin tissues and correction of chronic venous compartment syndrome. Apart from the optimal choice of surgical treatment the remote healing rates of venous trophic ulcers depend on standardized in-patient treatment and care for wound in the postoperative period, followed by outpatient medical rehabilitation.
O BRINCAR NO HOSPITAL: UMA SELF DE ENFERMEIROS QUE ATUAM EM UNIDADE PEDIÁTRICA.
Authors: Fontes Esteves Arinete Veras , Santana de Melo Lílian Dornelles , Da Silva Sabino Aderlaine , Gusmão da Silva Marcos Vinícius , Cristino Joseir Saturnino , Pessoa Rocha Ellen
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Conhecer a importância da atividade do brincar sob a ótica do enfermeiro durante o cuidado à criança hospitalizada.  Metodologia: Estudo descritivo-exploratório prospectivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado entre dezembro de 2014 a janeiro de 2015, com cinco enfermeiras que atuam em uma unidade pediátrica de referência da região Norte. Da análise, emergiram as categorias temáticas: “A importância do brincar no olhar do enfermeiro”, “O conhecimento sobre a regulamentação do brincar”, “O direito de brincar e o cuidar brincando”, “O brincar no ensino da graduação” e “Obstáculos para inclusão da brincadeira no assistir a criança hospitalizada”.  Resultados: As enfermeiras reconhecem a importância do brincar no hospital, o qual proporciona momentos de distração e alegria, que trazem benefícios e diminuição do estresse ocasionado pela hospitalização. Conclusão: O brincar em clínica pediátrica deve ser uma atividade inserida no plano de cuidados dos enfermeiros.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE MÃES E RECÉM-NASCIDOS PRÉ-TERMO EM UMA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA NEONATAL
Authors: Barbosa Andréa Lopes , Bezerra Thays De Oliveira , Barros Nardelli Brenda Soares , Lemos Claudiane Da Silva , Gularte Azevedo Viviane Nóbrega , Bastos Ticiany Alves , Barbosa Marcelo Lopes , De Almeida Paulo César
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Objetivou-se caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos recém-nascidos pré-termo (RNPTs) de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo e quantitativo realizado em uma UTIN em Fortaleza-CE, de jan./nov. 2017. A amostra foi composta por 70 RNPTs. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de um formulário, contendo as características demográficas e clínicas das mães e dos recém-nascidos. Resultados: Dentre os principais resultados, destacam-se: 69,6% das mães tinham idade entre 20-34 anos, 22,1% fizeram cinco consultas de pré-natal, 29,4% apresentaram doença hipertensiva específica da gestação. Concernente aos recém-nascidos, quanto à idade gestacional, a maioria era pré-termo extremo (85,3%), extremamente baixo peso (50%) e estavam sob ventilação mecânica (VM) (78,6%). Conclusão: Por meio do conhecimento das características dos pacientes internados, deve-se visar à melhor assistência pré-natal, prever recursos e treinar os profissionais, no intuito de melhorar a assistência à saúde na UTIN.
Climate change impacts and transformative adaptation strategies among farming households in the City of Koronadal, Philippines
Authors:   University of the Philippines Los Baños, Sabino Lorena , Pulhin Juan ,   University of the Philippines Los Baños, Dizon Josefina ,   University of the Philippines Los Baños, Cruz Rex Victor ,   University of the Philippines Los Baños, Espaldon Maria Victoria ,   University of the Philippines Los Baños
Published: April 2021

Farmers in the Roxas mountain range, City of Koronadal used to have bountiful harvests during the time when the city was still free from climate-related hazards. However, this situation has recently changed due to the increasing climate-related risk events. Moreover, localized baseline scientific climate information is limited to foster the development of appropriate adaptations and policies toward climate-resilient communities. This study assessed the climate trends and the changes, impacts, and adaptation strategies of farm households in five barangays in the Roxas mountain range, Koronadal City, South Cotabato. The study conducted household surveys with 265 respondents, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. In using Mann-Kendall test statistics, time series analysis and one-way analysis of variance, the findings from 1981 to 2012 show increasing trends with significant changes (p <0.01) in mean minimum temperature, increasing by 0.74 °C for three decades. In contrast, mean maximum temperature showed a decreasing trend with an average decrease of 0.65 °C, p <0.01). In three decadal periods, an average increase of 0.04 °C in monthly mean temperature was observed. Rainfall patterns during the same period also show significant changes in the months of June (p <0.01), August, and December (p <0.05); these findings suggest that climate change occurred. Floods, landslides, and droughts were experienced by the communities, which had devastating socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The existing adaptation strategies are just stop-gap solutions that address the effects of climate change but do not consider the root causes. To consider future changes in climate patterns, the socioeconomic and political structure and processes of the communities need to change; this can be achieved if multifaceted drivers of climate change hazards and their impacts are appropriately and immediately addressed. Some grassroot-level transformative adaptation strategies identified in the study consist of socioeconomic facets, specifically, investment in children’s education, financial management, family planning, and development of alternative on-farm and nonfarm livelihood options. The environmental aspect, which includes promoting agroforestry system, water impoundment technologies, and advanced early warning system, were also considered.
Brief Motivation-Based Interventions for Students Sanctioned for Violating Campus Cannabis Use Policies
Authors: Buckner Julia D. , Ecker Anthony H. , Walukevich-Dienst Katherine , Lewis Elizabeth M. , Pugh Erika , Abarno Cristina N.
Published: April 2021

College cannabis use continues to rise, yet few students voluntarily seek treatment for cannabis use, despite use-related problems. Thus, the campus judicial system may be one way to identify high-risk cannabis users and intervene with them. Despite research indicating that brief motivational interventions (BMIs) decrease risky alcohol use among students sanctioned for psychological services following campus alcohol policies violations, extant data do not support BMI for students who violate cannabis polices. Thus, the aims of this review paper are to (a) review the extant literature of BMI for cannabis use among sanctioned students, (b) discuss some unique issues concerning BMI for cannabis use, and (c) provide case examples of promising novel ways BMI may be used to address unique needs of these students. Given the wide range of cannabis use and related problems experienced by these students, personalized approaches to BMI-based interventions may improve outcomes for these students.
Local Covid-19 Syndemics and the Need for an Integrated Response
Authors: Schmidt-Sane Megan , Leach Melissa , MacGregor Hayley , Meeker Jessica , Wilkinson Annie
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic is more than a health crisis. It has worse outcomes among individuals with co-morbidities, has exposed fault lines in our societies, and amplified existing inequalities. This article draws on emerging evidence from low- and middle-income contexts to highlight how Covid-19 becomes syndemic when it interacts with local vulnerabilities. A syndemic approach provides a frame for understanding how Covid-19 is amplified when clustered with other diseases and how this clustering is facilitated by contextual and social factors that create adverse conditions. Public health responses to Covid-19 have also exacerbated these adverse conditions as many face social and economic crises as a result of some policies. These multiple challenges generate major implications for both the public health response and for broader development action: first, one size does not fit all and we must attend to local vulnerabilities; second, short-term public health response and longer-term development approaches must be integrated for improved intersectoral coordination and synergy. A synergised public health and development response will allow us to better prepare for the next pandemic.
Religious Marginality, Covid-19, and Redress of Targeting and Inequalities
Authors: Tadros Mariz , Kanwer Maryam , Abbas Mirza Jaffer
Published: April 2021

This article interrogates whether we should consider ‘religious marginality’ as a qualifier much like the exploration of how gender, ethnicity, and class inequalities are explored when examining Covid-19-related vulnerabilities and their implications for building back better. Drawing on a case study of Pakistan as well as evidence from India, Uganda, and Iraq, this article explores the accentuation of vulnerabilities in Pakistan and how different religious minorities experience the impact of the interplay of class, caste, ethnicity, and religious marginality. The article argues that where religious minorities exist in contexts where the broader political and societal policy is one of religious ‘othering’ and where religious marginality intersects with socioeconomic exclusion, they experience particular forms of vulnerability associated directly or indirectly with Covid-19 consequences that are acute and dire in impact. Building back better for religiously inclusive societies will require both broad-based as well as more specific redress of inequalities.
Tackling Covid-19 and Building Back Better: The Case of Ethiopia
Authors: Mebrate Hiwot
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic struck Ethiopia at an important juncture in its development and political path. Following impressive progress in poverty reduction and human development in recent decades, driven by a state-led model, it is transitioning towards a more democratic governance structure and a more liberal economic model. This article examines the country’s response to the pandemic, focusing on social protection and health systems. Ethiopia’s experience demonstrates the importance of building shock-responsive systems for social protection, including pre-identification of vulnerable groups and a financing strategy to trigger an immediate response. It also highlights how the health sector capacity can be further strengthened in anticipation of future health emergencies. For example, the government could identify and build the health sector industry capacity before future shocks occur in order to quickly scale up the response. Covid-19 had a disproportionate impact on women and girls due to the closure of schools; limited access to gender-based violence and health services; and the economic impact on informal sectors. The article concludes by sharing key lessons for developing countries on how prioritisation of vulnerable groups and ensuring strong political commitment can support a more effective pandemic response.
Glossary: Building a Better World: The Crisis and Opportunity of Covid-19
Authors: Taylor Peter , McCarthy Mary
Published: April 2021

This is the glossary of IDS Bulletin 52.1 'Building a Better World: The Crisis and Opportunity of Covid-19'.
Da Síria ao Brasil
Authors: Silva Samanta Ribeiro Oliveira da , Monteiro Isabella Fontes , Castro Claudia Medeiros de
Published: April 2021

Na atualidade, vários países têm sentido os efeitos do aumento dos fluxos migratórios e das novas configurações da mobilidade humana. O Brasil tem recebido imigrantes oriundos de vários países, com destaque nos últimos anos para os que buscam refúgio, como é o caso dos sírios. A atenção à saúde está entre as muitas demandas dirigidas para o país que os acolhe. As mulheres buscam os serviços de saúde principalmente em busca de atenção obstétrica. Foi realizado estudo qualitativo com o objetivo de compreender os aspectos culturais da gestação, parto e pósparto na perspectiva das mulheres imigrantes sírias. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com nove imigrantes sírias, refugiadas ou não. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da construção de linhas narrativas e Mapas Dialógicos. Resultados: os relatos indicam que a religião tem influência nas escolhas obstétricas e que a rede familiar é importante no pós-parto; a assistência obstétrica recebida no Brasil foi avaliada pelas mulheres como satisfatória, ainda que alguns relatos sugerissem violência obstétrica; o desconhecimento cultural na assistência e a comunicação foram apontados como um dos principais desafios enfrentados pelas entrevistadas.
Refugiados e desenvolvimento econômico
Authors: Fechine Valeria
Published: April 2021

A temática do Refúgio no Brasil faz parte da agenda de estudos e pesquisas do Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA), incluindo construções e análises de indicadores dos refugiados que vivem no país. Este artigo estabelece como metodologia quantitativa o agrupamento de bases de dados com as informações cadastrais de registros ativos de refugiados no Brasil, juntamente com os indicadores econômicos de desenvolvimento municipal. Entrelaçando análises descritivas e correlações dos indicadores com o quantitativo de refugiados e aumento de microempreendedores estrangeiros.
A sociologia crítica de Josué Pereira da Silva
Authors: Pedron Caio César
Published: April 2021

Resenha do livro "Sociologia Crítica e Crise da Esquerda" de Josué Pereira da Silva.
Alteraciones atípicas del líquido cefalorraquídeo en el Síndrome de Guillain-Barré: Reporte de casos.
Authors: Zelada-Ríos Laura , Guevara-Silva Erik , Castro-Suarez Sheila , Caparó-Zamalloa César , Meza-Vega María
Published: April 2021

El síndrome de Guillain-Barré se caracteriza por presentar una disociación albúmino-citológica en la mayoría de pacientes. La presencia de pleocitosis o hipoglucorraquia puede alejar el diagnóstico, por lo que se recomienda descartar, principalmente, causas infecciosas. Se presentan tres casos cuyos estudios de líquido cefalorraquídeo mostraron pleocitosis linfocítica e hiperproteinorraquia persistente y uno de ellos, además, hipoglucorraquia; fue solamente en análisis posteriores que los tres pacientes  presentaron la clásica disociación albuminocitológica. El estudio neurofisiológico en todos ellos demostró asimismo un compromiso axonal. Las alteraciones atípicas en el contexto de parálisis flácida aguda justificarían repetir el análisis de líquido cefalorraquídeo y descartar otras etiologías, pero sin posponer en modo alguno el tratamiento.
Triads and The Abilities of Transnational Organized Crime to Prevail
Authors: Saadah Kholifatus
Published: April 2021

AbstrakTransnational Organized Crime (TOC) adalah bentuk luas dari organisasi kejahatan yang dibentuk oleh sekelompok orang di wilayah tertentu. Dengan adanya globalisasi, perkembangan dari sebuah TOC bisa melewati batas-batas negara dan bahkan balik mengancam entitas dari negara tersebut. Satu hal yang membedakan TOC dengan organisasi kejahatan yang lain adalah struktur dan pola aktivitasnya yang rapi, seperti organisasi transnasional pada umumnya. Salah satu TOC yang melegenda sampai dengansekarang adalah kelompok mafa dari Cina, Triad. Sebagai organisasi kejahatan yang berumur panjang, berdiri sejak Dinasti Qing pada 1760-an, Triad memiliki banyak cabang yang tersebar di wilayah dengan populasi etnis Cina yang besar selain Cina sendiri seperti Taiwan, Hongkong, Singapura, Amerika Serikat dan Inggris. Melalui tulisan ini, penulis berusaha menjelaskan mengenai perkembangan Triad dari yang awalnya kelompok mafa menjadi kelompok yang memiliki tujuan bisnis seperti korporasi. Langgengnya kekuatan Triad sebagai sebuah organisasi kejahatan disebabkan juga banyaknya celah, baik diinstitusi domestik maupun institusi internasional. Celah tersebut dimanfaatkan secara baik oleh TOC untuk terus-menerus beraktivitas sampai sekarang.Kata-Kata Kunci: Organisasi Kejahatan Transnasional, TRIAD, Globalisasi, Mafia, KorporasiTransnational Organized Crime (TOC) is a widespread form of criminal organization formed by a group of people in a particular region. Because of globalization, the development of a TOC can cross the borders of the country and even turn against the entity of the state.One thing that distinguishes TOC from other crime organizations is, its neat structure and pattern of activities, such as transnational organizations in general. One of the legendary TOCs is the mafa group from China, Triad. As a long-lived crime organization, establishedsince the Qing Dynasty in the 1760s, Triad has many branchess cattered in areas with large Chinese ethnic populations other than China itself such as Taiwan,  Hong Kong, Singapore, the United States and Britain. Through this paper, I’ll try to explain the development of the Triads, from a group that was originally a mafa to a group that has business objectives like a corporation. The lasting power of the Triads as a criminal organization is supported by the gap which happened in domestic and international institution. This gap is used properly by TOC to continue their activities until now.Keywords: Transnational Organized Crime, TRIAD, Globalization, Mafa, Corporation
The Perception of Cia-Cia Tribe Students in Southeast Sulawesi Toward South Korea: The Case of Education Aid for Cia-Cia Language Preservation
Authors: Mulyaman Darynaufal , Virgianita Asra , Candra Darang Sahdana
Published: April 2021

Since the beginning of the "Korean Wave" in the 2010s, Korean language and the Hangeul alphabet are integral parts in the dissemination of South Korea's soft power across the world. For instances, the South Korean government provided support for the preservation of Cia-Cia language of Cia-Cia ethnic group in Bau-Bau, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia - a program that was originally initiated by Hunminjeongeum Society Foundation in 2008. This study examines the perception of students with Cia-Cia ethnic background toward South Korea. Questionnaire surveys and interviews are used to further look into their perceptions. This study, that started from a thesis, finds that the students who participated in the program have positive perceptions of South Korea. Furthermore, the demonstration of Korean culture and the use of Korean language become more apparent in the students’ daily life, creating a new social reality in the local community. Such finding suggests that international assistance has effectively become a part of South Korea's soft power expansion strategy.Keywords: Cia-Cia, Language, Foreign Aid, Korea, PerceptionSejak merebaknya "Korean Wave" pada dekade 2010-an, Bahasa Korea dan Aksara Hangeul adalah bagian integral dalam penyebaran soft power Korea Selatan di seluruh dunia. Pemerintah Korea Selatan, misalnya, memberikan dukungan untuk pelestarian bahasa Cia-Cia dari Suku Cia-Cia di Bau-Bau Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia - sebuah program yang awalnya diprakarsai oleh Yayasan Hunminjonggeum Society pada tahun 2008. Studi ini mengukur persepsi siswa dengan latar belakang etnis Cia-Cia terhadap Korea Selatan. Survei kuesioner dan wawancara digunakan untuk melihat lebih jauh persepsi mereka. Studi ini berangkat dari tesis yang dilakukan dan menemukan bahwa siswa-siswa yang terlibat dalam program tersebut memiliki persepsi yang positif tentang Korea Selatan. Selain itu, peragaan budaya Korea dan penggunaan Bahasa Korea menjadi lebih jelas dalam kehidupan sehari-hari siswa-siswa tersebut sehingga menciptakan realitas sosial baru di komunitas lokal. Temuan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bantuan internasional dapat dan telah secara efektif digunakan sebagai strategi ekspansi soft power Korea Selatan. Kata-kata Kunci: Cia-Cia, Bahasa, Bantuan Luar Negeri, Korea, Persepsi
Hegemonic practices of online local fashion brands in the information society era during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Mu'tamiroh Wifkil , Suyanto Bagong
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on people around the world, including in Indonesia, particularly regarding the social and economic aspects of life, including the online economic agents. This study looks at and analyzes the hegemonic practices carried out by online economic agents in relation to the consumer so then they can survive and benefit during the Covid-19 pandemic. The theory used is hegemony according to Antonio Gramsci. This study used a qualitative research design. The research subjects were the owners of online local fashion brands that have developed in East Java. The primary data was collected from interviews and secondary data is from books and journal articles. The results of this study show that the local brands had a good level of performance during the Covid-19 pandemic, as seen from the observations conducted on Instagram. Hegemonic practices by online economic agents consist of three methods. First, there is using the social media platform Instagram. Second, there is always being productive. Third, there is collaborating with social media influencers (endorsement). The hegemonic practices happened by the social media so that it can influence people to follow their Instagram accounts and buy the products offered.
THE EFFECT OF RETENTION FORMS ON ACRYLIC BASE SURFACES ON ADHESIVE STRENGTH OF DENTURE RELINER MATERIALS
Authors: Prawesthi Endang , Tirta Handoko , Rahmaniawati Rahmaniawati
Published: April 2021

Background: Acrylic prosthesis that are used for a long time are often not sticky anymore and easy off. Treatment that can be done is relining, which is resurfacing with new material addition to prosthesis surface in contact with mucosa. One of materials used is denture reliner made of acrylic material (heat and self cured acrylic). The successful use of this reliner material depends on the retention of acrylic base surface. There is some retentions namely bur strokes, ethyl acetate and Al2O3 sandblast. Purpose: To determine effect of retention in form of bur strokes, Ethyl Acetate and Al2O3 sandblast on acrylic bases surface on adhesive strength of reliner denture material. Method: Research using samples in form of acrylic blocks with a length of 80mm, a large block width of 10  x10 mm and small block of 10 x 8 mm, reliner material thickness is 3 mm. Total of 64 samples were divided into 2 groups based on reliner materials (heat and self) and each group was divided into 4 groups based on treatment (control, bur stroke, ethyl acetat and Al2O33 sandblast).  All samples were subjected to tensile test using UTM to obtain tensile strength values. Result: Heat CA tensile strength value was greater than self CA and the two groups were significantly different (p<0.05), while lowest tensile strength value in control group followed by  ethyl acetate and  largest value in Al2O3 sandblast  and almost all groups were significantly different (p<0.05). Conclusion: Heat CA is more adhesive than self CA and  retention on acrylic surface is proven to be effective in increasing adhesive strength of acrylic surface against denture reliner.
A REVIEW OF SPIRITUAL TOURISM: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
Authors: Abdul Halim Mutia Sobihah , Tatoglu Ekrem , Mohamad Hanefar Shamsiah Banu
Published: April 2021

Purpose – The growth of non-materialistic impulses among people around the world has led to the emergence of a special category of tourism that can be termed ‘spiritual tourism’. This article presents an attempt to provide a conceptual model for spiritual tourism drawing from the literature on spirituality, religion, and tourism. Design/ Approach – As this study intends to build a bridge between spirituality and tourism, the authors reviewed various articles and adopted the Spiritual Intelligence Model devised by Hanefar, Sa’ari, and Siraj (2016) to build a conceptual model of spiritual tourism. Methodology – Content analysis was used to arrange more than forty dimensions of spiritual tourism from the chosen articles. These dimensions were coded and mapped against the Spiritual Intelligence Model. Findings – The emergent dimensions of spiritual tourism showed that tourism offers unique opportunities in guiding human being to gain spiritual development through religion and non-religion tourism activities/experiences. Originality of the research – The authors developed a Conceptual Model of Spiritual Tourism with seven themes: Meaning/Purpose of life, Consciousness, Transcendence, Spiritual resources, Self-determination, Reflection – soul purification, and Spiritual coping (with obstacles). This model intends to serve as a systematic pathway to authors and other researchers for future research related to spiritual tourism.
Ultrasonic Guided-Waves Sensors and Integrated Structural Health Monitoring Systems for Impact Detection and Localization: A Review
Authors: Capineri Lorenzo , Bulletti Andrea
Published: April 2021

This review article is focused on the analysis of the state of the art of sensors for guided 9 ultrasonic waves for the detection and localization of impacts, therefore of interest for the structural 10 health monitoring (SHM). The recent developments in sensor technologies are then reported and 11 discussed through the many references in recent scientific literature. The physical phenomena re-12 lated to impact event and the main physical quantities are then introduced to discuss their im-13 portance in the development of the hardware and software components for SHM systems. An im-14 portant aspect of the article is the description of the different ultrasonic sensor technologies cur-15 rently present in the literature and what advantages and disadvantages they could bring, in relation 16 to the various phenomena investigated. In this context, the analysis of the front-end electronics is 17 deepened, the type of data transmission both in terms of wired and wireless technology and in terms 18 of online and offline signal processing. The integration aspects of sensors for the creation of net-19 works with autonomous nodes with the possibility of powering through energy harvesting devices 20 and the embedded processing capacity is also studied. Finally, the emerging sector of processing 21 techniques using deep learning and artificial intelligence concludes the review by indicating the 22 potential for the detection and autonomous characterization of the impacts.
Tablet Use Affects Preschoolers’ Executive Function: fNIRS Evidence from the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task
Authors: Li Hui , Wu Dandan , Yang Jinfeng , Luo Jiutong , Xie Sha , Chang Chunqi
Published: April 2021

This study aims to examine the impact of tablet use on preschoolers’ executive function during the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task (DCCS) task using the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Altogether 38 Chinese preschoolers (Mage = 5.0 years, SD = 0.69 years, 17 girls) completed the tasks before the COVID-19 lockdown. Eight children never used tablets, while 16 children were diagnosed as the ‘heavy-user'. The results indicated that: (1) the 'Non-user' outperformed the 'Heavy-user' with a significantly higher correct rate in the DCCS task; (2) the two groups differed significantly in the activation of the prefrontal cortex (BA 9): the 'Non-user' pattern is normal and healthy, whereas the 'Heavy-user' pattern is not normal and needs further exploration.
Development of Flaxseed Gum/Konjac Glucomannan with Agar as Gelling Agents with Enhanced Elastic Properties
Authors: Yang Ji Soo , Kim Junghoon , Hahn Jungwoo , Choi Young Jin
Published: April 2021

In this study, a natural-based gelling agent comprised of blended flax seed gum (FSG), konjac glucomannan (KG), and agar gel (AG) was developed for application to control the textural properties of foods. The compound gels, including FSG, KG, and AG, were investigated to determine their physicochemical properties, including minimum gelling concentration, water binding capacity, water soluble index, and swelling power. In addition, we analyzed the rheological properties of the compound gel through texture analysis, frequency sweep, and creep and recovery. The microstructure of the compound gel was identified and compared with the viscoelastic properties of the gel. Overall, these results showed that the F4K6 (4:6:2 of FSG:KG:AG) could serve as an excellent gelling agent, which endowed food gel with the promoted elastic properties, water capacity, and rigid surface morphology. This work suggests that novel gelling agents, including FSG, KGM, and AG, successfully prepared food gels with improved physicochemical properties.
Corticospinal Excitability During a Perspective Taking Task as Measured by TMS-induced Motor Evoked Potentials
Authors: Brenya Janet , Chavarria Katherine , Murray Elizabeth , Kelly Karen , Friest Anjel , Ahmad Nathira , Anton Caroline , Shaffer Layla , Kapila Kairavi , Driever Logan , Weaver Kayla , Dial Caroline , Crawford Maya , Hartman Iso , Infantino Tommy , Butler Fiona , Straus Abigail , Walker Shakeera , Balugas Brianna , Pardillo Mathew , Goncalves Briana , Keenan Julian
Published: April 2021

Only by understanding the ability to take third-person perspective can we begin to elucidate the neural processes responsible for one’s inimitable conscious experience. The current study examined differences in hemispheric laterality during a first-person perspective (1PP) and third-person perspective (3PP) taking task, when using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). Participants were asked to take either the 1PP or 3PP when identifying the number of spheres in a virtual scene. During this task, single-pulse TMS was delivered to the motor cortex of both the left and right hemispheres of 10 healthy volunteers. Measures of TMS-induced motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) of the contralateral abductor pollicis brevis (APB) were employed as an indicator of lateralized cortical activation. The data suggest that the right hemisphere is more important in discriminating between 1PP and 3PP. These data add a novel method for determining perspective taking and add to the literature supporting the role of the right hemisphere in meta representation.
Making Low-Resolution Satellite Images Reborn: A Deep Learning Approach for Super-Resolution Building Extraction
Authors: Zhang Lixian , Dong Runmin , Yuan Shuai , Li Weijia , Zheng Juepeng , Fu Haohuan
Published: April 2021

Existing methods for building extraction from remotely sensed images strongly rely on aerial or satellite-based images with very high resolution, which are usually limited by spatiotemporally accessibility and cost. In contrast, relatively low-resolution images have better spatial and temporal availability but cannot directly contribute to fine- and/or high-resolution building extraction. In this paper, based on image super-resolution and segmentation techniques, we propose a two-stage framework (SRBuildingSeg) for achieving super-resolution (SR) building extraction using relatively low-resolution remotely sensed images. SRBuildingSeg can fully utilize inherent information from the given low-resolution images to achieve high-resolution building extraction. In contrast to the existing building extraction methods, we first utilize an internal pairs generation module (IPG) to obtain SR training datasets from the given low-resolution images and an edge-aware super-resolution module (EASR) to improve the perceptional features, following the dual-encoder building segmentation module (DES). Both qualitative and quantitative experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach is capable of achieving high-resolution (e.g. 0.5 m) building extraction results at 2×, 4× and 8× SR. Our approach outperforms 8 other methods with respect to the extraction result of mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) values by a ratio of 9.38%, 8.20% and 7.89% with SR ratio factors of 2, 4, and 8, respectively. The results indicate that the edges and borders reconstructed in super-resolved images serve a pivotal role in subsequent building extraction and reveal the potential of the proposed approach to achieve super-resolution building extraction. Our code is available at https://github.com/xian1234/SRBuildSeg.
The Role of Advance Care Planning in Cancer Patient and Caregiver Grief Resolution: Helpful or Harmful?
Authors: Falzarano Francesca B , Prigerson Holly Gwen , Maciejewski Paul Kevin
Published: April 2021

Cancer patients and their family caregivers experience various losses when patients become terminally ill, yet little is known about the grief experienced by patients and caregivers and factors that influence grief as patients approach death. Additionally, few, if any, studies have explored associations between advance care planning (ACP) and grief resolution among cancer patients and caregivers. To fill this knowledge gap, the current study examined changes in grief over time in patients and their family caregivers and whether changes in patient grief are associated with changes in caregiver grief. We also sought to determine how grief changed following completion of advance directives. The sample included advanced cancer patients and caregivers (n=98 dyads) from Coping with Cancer III, a federally funded, multi-site prospective longitudinal study of end-stage cancer care. Participants were interviewed at baseline and at follow-up roughly 2 months later. Results suggest synchrony, whereby changes in patient grief were associated with changes in caregiver grief. We also found that patients who completed a living will (LW) experienced increases in grief, while caregivers of patients who completed a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order experienced reductions in grief, suggesting that ACP may prompt “grief work” in patients while promoting grief resolution in caregivers.
Calculation of the ground state of an electron in an inhomogeneous field of a screened carbon ion
Authors: Freinkman Boris Grigorievich , Polyakov Sergey Vladimirovich , Tolstov Ilya Olegovich
Published: April 2021

This study is related to the development of mathematical methods and numerical algorithms for modeling the local quantum state of the graphene surface on the scale of the lattice spacing. Earlier, to solve this problem, a model of the graphene structure in the form of a lattice of hydrogen-like atoms with screened ions was proposed. However, the screening field was uniform. In this work, it is assumed that the screening field of the ion is inhomogeneous along the radius. The main direction of research was the calculation of the energy of the ground state of an electron in an inhomogeneous field.
Prevention of Unplanned Surgery Due to Delayed Diagnosis of Occult Ipsilateral Femoral Neck Fractures Associated with Femoral Shaft Fractures
Authors: Park Young-Chang , Song Hyung-Keun , Yang Kyu-Hyun
Published: April 2021

Background:

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of using the computed tomography (CT) capsular sign with lipohemarthrosis of the hip joint as a selective indicator for preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hip or prophylactic fixation of the ipsilateral femoral neck for the prevention of unplanned surgery due to delayed diagnosis of occult ipsilateral femoral neck fractures in patients with high-energy femoral shaft fractures.

Methods:

We evaluated the CT capsular sign with lipohemarthrosis in patients with a high-energy femoral shaft fracture without a preoperative diagnosis of an ipsilateral femoral neck fracture. The CT capsular sign with lipohemarthrosis was considered positive when the side-to-side difference in anterior capsular distension was >1 mm and lipohemarthrosis was seen on soft-tissue-window CT images. A positive CT capsular sign with lipohemarthrosis prompts preoperative hip MRI or prophylactic femoral neck fixation with a reconstruction nail.

Results:

One hundred and fifty-six consecutive patients were included. Eight patients were preoperatively diagnosed with a displaced or hairline ipsilateral femoral neck fracture, whereas the remaining 148 patients showed no ipsilateral femoral neck fracture on radiographs and bone-window CT images. On soft-tissue-window CT images, 29 (19.6%) of the 148 patients had a positive CT capsular sign with lipohemarthrosis. We performed preoperative MRI for 3 patients; in the remaining 26 patients, prophylactic femoral neck fixation was performed with a reconstruction nail. We identified 5 occult ipsilateral femoral neck fractures among the 29 patients with a positive sign: 2 on preoperative MRI scans, 2 on immediate postoperative radiographs, and 1 on radiographs made 6 weeks postoperatively. In 119 patients with a negative sign, no occult ipsilateral femoral neck fracture was identified. All occult ipsilateral femoral neck fractures healed without further displacement of the femoral neck. Consequently, additional unplanned surgery for delayed diagnosis of occult ipsilateral femoral neck fracture was not required.

Conclusions:

The use of the CT capsular sign with lipohemarthrosis as a selective indicator for preoperative hip MRI or prophylactic femoral neck fixation with a reconstruction nail in patients with high-energy femoral shaft fractures is effective for preventing unplanned surgery due to delayed diagnosis of occult ipsilateral femoral neck fractures.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Bacterial Colonization and TH17 Immunity are Shaped by Intestinal Sialylation in Neonatal Mice
Authors: Irons Eric E , Gomez Eduardo Cortez , Andersen Valerie L , Lau Joseph
Published: April 2021

Background: Interactions between the neonate host and its gut microbiome are central to the development of a healthy immune system. However, the mechanisms by which animals alter early colonization of microbiota for their benefit remain unclear. Host-derived carbohydrates, which can serve as metabolic substrates for the expansion of specific commensal and pathogenic bacteria, are one method by which the host may influence interspecies competition in the microbiome. Here, we investigated the role of early-life expression of the α2,6- sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 in microbiome phylogeny and mucosal immunity. Methods: Fecal, upper respiratory, and oral microbiomes of pups expressing or lacking St6gal1 were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Pooled fecal microbiomes from syngeneic donors were transferred to antibiotic-treated wild-type mice, before analysis of recipient mucosal immune responses by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, microscopy, and ELISA. Intestinal sialylation was characterized by RT-qPCR, immunoblot, microscopy, and sialyltransferase enzyme assays in genetic mouse models at rest or with glucocorticoid receptor modulators. Results: At weaning, the fecal microbiome of St6gal1 -KO mice exhibited reductions in Clostridiodes, Coprobacillus, and Adlercreutzia, but increased Helicobacter and Bilophila . Transfer of St6gal1- KO microbiome induced a mucosal Th17 response, with expression of T-bet and IL-17, and IL-22-dependent gut lengthening. ST6GAL1 was found to be highly expressed in duodenal enterocytes between birth and weaning, driving temporary sialylation of the associated glycocalyx and secretion of active ST6GAL1 into the intestinal lumen. Expression was mediated by the P1 promoter of the St6gal1 gene, which was efficiently inhibited by dexamethasone. Conclusions: Intestinal sialylation by the sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 in the neonatal period is a developmentally regulated host mechanism coordinating bacterial colonization in the early gut microbiome. The inability to produce α2,6-sialyl ligands results in microbiome-dependent Th17 inflammation, highlighting a pathway by which intestinal epithelium regulates mucosal immunity. Considering the prevalence of intestinal fucosylation in adult animals, sialic acid may promote an early stage of ecological succession in the developing gut. Trial registration: N/A
Functional and diffusion MRI reveal the neurophysiological basis of neonates’ noxious-stimulus evoked brain activity
Authors: Baxter Luke , Moultrie Fiona , Fitzgibbon Sean , Aspbury Marianne , Mansfield Roshni , Bastiani Matteo , Rogers Richard , Jbabdi Saad , Duff Eugene , Slater Rebeccah
Published: April 2021

Understanding the neurophysiology underlying neonatal responses to noxious stimulation is central to improving early life pain management. In this neonatal multimodal MRI study, we use resting-state and diffusion MRI to investigate inter-individual variability in noxious-stimulus evoked brain activity. We observe that cerebral haemodynamic responses to experimental noxious stimulation can be predicted from separately acquired resting-state brain activity (n=18). Applying this prediction model to independent Developing Human Connectome Project data (n=215), we identify negative associations between predicted noxious-stimulus evoked responses and white matter mean diffusivity. These associations are subsequently confirmed in the original noxious stimulation paradigm dataset, validating the prediction model. Here, we observe that noxious-stimulus evoked brain activity in healthy neonates is coupled to resting-state activity and white matter microstructure, that neural features can be used to predict responses to noxious stimulation, and that the dHCP dataset could be utilised for future exploratory research of early life pain system neurophysiology.
Polymicrobial and monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis: clinical, laboratory, radiology, pathological hallmark and differences, a retrospective analysis
Authors: Naaman Eviatar , Shiber Shachaf , Hadar Daskin-Bitan , Yahav Dafna , Bishara Jihad , Sagy Iftach , Granat Nadav , Drescher Micheal
Published: April 2021

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life-threatening infection with high morbidity and mortality rates which should be diagnosed and treated with surgical and antibiotic therapy. Many studies have addressed NF and its subtypes, but few have reviewed the clinical, radiological and pathological differences between the poly-microbial and the mono-microbial groups. Objective: The objective of our study is to describe a relatively large cohort of patients with NF and study and compare the clinical, radiological and pathological differences between the poly-microbial (Pm) and the mono-microbial (Mm) groups.Methods: The charts of hospitalized patients with NF diagnosis from 2002-2019 at the Rabin Medical Center were reviewed. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 90 days, secondary outcomes included duration of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, LRINEC score and the need for vasopressor use. Results: 81 patients with NF were included in the study, 54(66.6%) had Mm growth and 27(33.3%) had Pm growth. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the 90 days mortality, and moreover in hospital mortality was also insignificantly different. In a multivariate analysis, we found that 90 days mortality was more prevalent in the Mm group compared to Pm group. In addition, we found that in hospital mortality, ICU admission and vasopressors use were more frequent among the Mm-group compared to the Pm-group. Conclusions: our study is the first to compare the differences between the two most prevalent entities of NF. The results demonstrate better prognosis for Pm-NF, with minimal ICU stay, lower mortality, and lower use of vasopressors.