bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and theoretical investigation on the anti-corrosion characteristics of pyridine-substituted benzothiazole derivatives for mild steel in aqueous HCl
Authors: Suhasaria Aditya , Senapati Rakhi , Satpati Sanjoy , Ghosal Subhas , Dey Sukalpa , Sukul Dipankar
Published: June 2023

Three new 2-(2-pyridyl)benzothiazole derivatives, namely 2-(benzothiazol-2-yl)pyridin-3-amine (APYBT), 2-(benzothiazol-2-yl)pyridin-5-ol (HPYBT) and 2-(pyridin-2-yl)benzothiazole (PYBT), have been synthesized and tested as corrosion inhibitors.
Phonon mechanism for the negative thermal expansion of zirconium tungstate, ZrW2O8
Authors: Rimmer Leila H. N. , Refson Keith , Dove Martin T.
Published: June 2023

ZrW2O8 is a famous material showing negative thermal expansion (NTE). Phonon calculations matched to flexibility models show that the NTE arises from many phonons rather than a single mechanism, with flexibility from bending of the ZrO6 octahedra.
Electrostatic interactions – key determinants of the metal selectivity in La3+ and Ca2+ binding proteins
Authors: Angelova Silvia , Kircheva Nikoleta , Nikolova Valya , Dobrev Stefan , Dudev Todor
Published: June 2023

Detailed analysis of the factors governing the process of metal binding and La3+/Ca2+ selectivity in lanmodulin and several typical calcium EF-hand motifs has been carried out.
Cathodic deposition of MOF films: mechanism and applications
Authors: Xie Sijie , Zhou Zhenyu , Zhang Xuan , Fransaer Jan
Published: June 2023

Cathodic deposition is a new yet powerful technique to prepare MOF films. The cathodically deposited MOF films can be used in many applications.
High performance of visible-light driven hydrogen production over graphdiyne (g-CnH2n−2)/MOF S-scheme heterojunction
Authors: Wang Kai , Kong Xu , Xie Haiyan , Li Songling , Wang Miao , Jin Zhiliang
Published: June 2023

Among carbon allotropes, 2D graphdiyne (GDY) possesses the merits of good ductility, strong conductivity and an adjustable energy band structure.
Organic–inorganic haloargentate hybrids of [Me-dabco]Ag2X3 (X = I or Br) with halide ions manipulating the crystal structure, phase transition, and dielectric behavior
Authors: Pan Xue-Wei , Li Qing-Qing , Zhai Lu , Zhang Jin , Liu Wen-Long , Ren Xiao-Ming
Published: June 2023

Halide ions manipulate the crystal structure in the self-assembly process of organic–inorganic haloargentate hybrids, leading to different phase transitions and dielectric behaviors.
A statistical and machine learning approach to the study of astrochemistry
Authors: Heyl Johannes , Viti Serena , Vermariën Gijs
Published: June 2023

We use Bayesian inference together with the MOPED compression algorithm to help determine which species should be prioritised for future detections in order to better constrain the values of binding energies in the ISM.
On the reduction of CO2 footprint via selective hydrodeoxygenation by ZnO–Ti3C2Tx catalyst under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Saini Bhagirath , Krishnapriya R. , Yadav Meena , Singhal Rahul , Sharma Rakesh K.
Published: June 2023

A series of ZnO–Ti3C2Tx catalysts was studied first time for the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reaction. The catalyst exhibited complete conversion and >90% selectivity for octadecane (C-18) with 5-cycle recyclability.
Nucleophilic substitution reaction as an important tool in the synthetic protocol for selenium donor containing Schiff bases: applications of metal complexes in homogeneous catalysis
Authors: Tyagi Anupma , Purohit Suraj , Oswal Preeti , Rawat Saumya , Negi Varsha , Singh Ajai K. , Kumar Arun
Published: June 2023

Nucleophilic substitution reaction has been used as a tool to incorporate Se in ligands having imine functionality. Metal complexes of such ligands,i.e., Schiff bases, are used as homogeneous catalytic systems for a variety of organic reactions.
Shape controlled growth of hierarchical NixSy on stainless steel by solution processing with enhanced electrochemical energy storage performance
Authors: Khan Amjad , Rahman Gul , Shah Anwar ul Haq Ali , Chae Sang Youn , Mian Shabeer Ahmad
Published: June 2023

A simple and one-step all solution-processed deposition of NixSy on a stainless steel substrate with controlled surface morphology dictated by the growth temperature and excellent electrochemical charge storage capabilities is presented.
Insights into the degradation of organic pollutants via peroxymonosulfate activation over highly adsorptive carbon
Authors: Wu Shuchang , Zhao Min , Xia Zhijun , Diao Jiangyong , Xie Zailai
Published: June 2023

The degradation of organic compounds via peroxymonosulfate activation in the presence of highly adsorptive carbon was investigated based on two different approaches.
Copper diaryl-dithiocarbamate complexes and their application as single source precursors (SSPs) for copper sulfide nanomaterials
Authors: Sarker Jagodish C. , Xu Xiang , Alam Firoz , Nash Rosie , Boonrungsiman Suwimon , Pugh David , Cockcroft Jeremy K. , Lewis David J. , Hogarth Graeme
Published: June 2023

Copper diaryl-dithiocarbamate (DTC) complexes have been prepared including [Cu(S2CNAr2)2], [Cu{S2CN(p-tolyl)2}]n and [Cu{S2CN(p-tolyl)2}(PPh3)2] and used as single source precursors to copper sulfide nanomaterials.
Oxygen-phosphorus-codoped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets with better photocatalytic ability towards the degradation of rhodamine-B dyes
Authors: Lan Zhen-Yuan , Vasu Dhanapal , Liu Yung-Chieh , You Yu-Feng , Chiu Te-Wei , Chen Po Chou
Published: June 2023

Thermal decomposition methods were utilized to obtain non-metal doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets. The prepared nanosheets were applied for the degradation of toxic pollutant rhodamine B.
Optimizing reaction intermediate adsorption by engineering the coordination structure of single-atom Fe–N5–C electrocatalysts for efficient oxygen reduction
Authors: Wu Yujun , Wang Xiaoyang , Tian Bianbian , Shuang Wei , Bai Zhengyu , Yang Lin
Published: June 2023

Guided by DFT calculation results, the FeN5single-atom catalyst with asymmetric coordination is fabricated by axially anchoring FeN4species with the N atom doped on graphene and shows extraordinary ORR catalytic performance.
Photoinduced nickel-catalyzed reductive acyl cross-coupling: facile access to all carbon quaternary aliphatic ketones
Authors: Chen Yukun , Xi Xiaoxiang , Yuan Weiming
Published: June 2023

A photochemical nickel-catalyzed reductive acyl coupling of unstrained tertiary acyl electrophiles with 1°, 2°, and 3°-alkyl radical precursors to synthesize sterically hindered α-tertiary dialkyl ketones is developed.
Lignin oligomers from mild base-catalyzed depolymerization for potential application in aqueous soy adhesive as phenolic blends
Authors: Jiang Changle , Hu Jianli , Zhang Chao , Hota Gangarao , Wang Jingxin , Akhmedov Novruz G.
Published: June 2023

This study has transformed kraft lignin into lignin oligomers using base-catalyzed depolymerization at mild temperatures. The lignin oligomers, used as a phenolic blend, improved the bonding strength of the soy protein adhesive.
Green solvents processed all functional layers for efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Cao Xiaobing , Hao Lei , Su Gengyang , Li Xiaoxi , Dong Tuyu , Chao Pengjie , Mo Daize , Zeng Qingguang , He Xin , Wei Jinquan
Published: June 2023

Green solvent processing of all the functional layers in efficient solar cells.
Intermediate observer based simultaneous estimation of system states and multiple faults
Authors: Shi Jiantao , Chen Xiang , Chen Chuang , Shen Mouquan
Published: June 2023

In this paper, an intermediate observer is proposed for simultaneously estimating the system state, actuator fault and sensor fault. The necessary and sufficient condition is given with respect to the existence of the designed observer. The observer gain matrix is guaranteed through solving Riccati inequalities. The estimation errors of the system state, actuator fault and sensor fault are proved to be globally uniformly stable with the prescribed performance index. Finally, a simulation study is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Comparison of reliability and economic feasibility for the three configurations of multiple battery charging systems
Authors: Park Sung‐Jun , Kwak Yun‐Gi , Song Sung‐Geun , Kang Feel‐soon
Published: June 2023

Multiple battery charging systems can be configured with various combinations of ac‐dc and dc‐dc converters. This paper reviews the reliability and economy of three representative configurations of multi‐battery charging systems. Existing PSA (part stress analysis) can analyse the failure rate considering the environmental factors for the type of parts, the number of parts, the connection state of parts and the voltage and current stress of parts. However, since it does not reflect the system's operating characteristics, the Fault‐tree analysis (FTA) method based on the fault tree is used. Still, it cannot be analysed considering the operational risk of the converter according to various load conditions. Therefore, in this study, by defining a failure according to the minimum and maximum load of the multiple battery charging systems and designing a separate fault tree, the converter operation characteristics were considered by reflecting the number of battery charges, the characteristics according to SOC (state of charge) and the redundancy effect that appears when cyclic charging is applied. Through the new enhanced FTA method, the multiple battery charging systems (Type 1) to which sequential charging is applied are quantitatively proven advantageous in terms of reliability and economy.
Flashover voltage and external insulation design for EMUs’ insulators at high altitude with non‐uniform distributed pollution
Authors: Sun Jixing , Hu Kaixuan , Fan Yongzhi , Liu Jiyong , Yang Sile , Guo Xugang , Zhang Kun
Published: June 2023

Pollution usually accumulates on the surface of the insulator rapidly on high‐speed electric multiple units (EMUs) under operation condition, and the flashover can occur frequently, especially when the EMUs is running on a high‐altitude line. To solve the problem, this paper proposes the calculation method of insulator withstand voltage under the condition of non‐uniform fouling distribution of high‐speed airflow based on the characteristics of high altitude of Lanzhou‐Xin Line in China, and gives the design and test verification of insulator support insulator for 3500‐km altitude. The design and test verification of the supporting insulator of the rolling stock applicable to 3500 km altitude are presented. The result shows that the insulator should be reliable operation on 4430‐km high altitude area if the insulator structure height is 430 mm, the creep distance is 1250 mm. The anti‐pollution performance is fine in high‐speed wind if the radiuses of the large and small shed of the insulator are 196 and 145 mm, respectively, and the shed spacing is 45 mm. The 50‐Hz withstand voltage of the developed insulator is 131 kV and the light impulse voltage is 228 kV which is suitable for lines running on 3500 m. This research provides a theoretical basis and data to support the safety of high‐speed rolling stock in high‐altitude areas.
Estimation of drone intention using trajectory frequency defined in radar's measurement phase planes
Authors: Yun Joongsup , Anderson David , Fioranelli Francesco
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a radar‐based algorithm for autonomous estimation of drone intention. The algorithm is based on radar's kinematic measurements, providing fast and robust intention estimation for multiple targets. The core idea of the proposed algorithm is to build intention‐specific features for each intention in advance and use them in actual drone surveillance situations. To effectively depict the trajectory characteristics of various intentions, the trajectory frequency is computed on multiple phase planes through Monte Carlo Simulations. Finally, a naive Bayes classifier is applied to integrate the trajectory likelihood in different phases and ultimately compute the intention likelihood of all intentions concerned. Numerical simulations for the three candidate intentions of image acquisition, smuggling, and kamikaze attack demonstrated the performance of the presented method. The simulation results show that one can estimate the true intention of a specific drone by comparing the value of each intention likelihood.
An effective electrocardiogram segments denoising method combined with ensemble empirical mode decomposition, empirical mode decomposition, and wavelet packet
Authors: Yue Yaru , Chen Chengdong , Wu Xiaoyuan , Zhou Xiaoguang
Published: June 2023

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most extensively applied diagnostic approach for heart diseases. However, an ECG signal is a weak bioelectrical signal and is easily disturbed by baseline wander, powerline interference, and muscle artefacts, which make detection of heart diseases more difficult. Therefore, it is very important to denoise the contaminated ECG signal in practical application. In this article, an effective ECG segments denoising method combining the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), and wavelet packet (WP) is designed. The ECG signal is decomposed using the EEMD for the first time, and then the highest frequency component is decomposed by the EMD for the second time, and the high frequency components obtained from the second time are decomposed and reconstructed by the WP for the third time. Finally, the processed signal components are fused to obtain the denoised ECG signal. Furthermore, the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), and normalised cross correlation coefficient (R) are used to evaluate the noise reduction algorithm. The mean SNR, MSE, RMSE, and R are 5.7427, 0.0071, 0.0551, and 0.9050 in the China Physiological Signal Challenge 2018 dataset. Compared with others denoising methods, the experimental results not only exhibit that the SNR of the ECG signal is effectively improved, but also show that the details of the ECG signal are fully retained, laying a solid foundation for the automatic detection of ECG segments.
Investigation on magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Sr0.25Ca0.75Mn0.9Ti0.1O3 perovskite
Authors: Shanmugapriya K. , Periandy S. , Radheep D. Mohan
Published: June 2023

Interest in magnetic refrigeration, which is based on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE), has greatly increased during the past two decades. As a less-polluting and more effective cooling technology than gas compression, magnetic refrigeration is one of the prominent and possible options. Perovskite Oxides played a major contribution for the development of magnetic refrigeration (MR). Sr0.25Ca0.75Mn1-xTixO3 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8) polycrystalline samples were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction. Its cubic perovskite-type crystal structure is discovered to be of the Pm-3m space group. At T = 31.3 K, the alloy experiences antiferromagnetic transition for the composition of Sr0.25Ca0.75Mn0.9Ti0.1O3. It demonstrates that the greatest magnetocaloric reports are 8 J/kg K for a magnetic field of 7 Tesla and 3.2 J/kg K for 1 Tesla. These (ΔSM) value is comparable to the magnetization values of the ferromagnetic Heusler alloys and are very high in these kinds of antiferromagnetic perovskite systems. For the Sr0.25Ca0.75Mn0.9Ti0.1O3 material, this is the first report of substantial magnetic entropy changes brought on by a weak magnetic field.
Exploring the Elastic Properties of Woven Fabric Composites: A Machine Learning Approach for Improved Analysis and Design
Authors: Hayat Khazar , Ullah Zahur , Siddique Shafaqat , Ahmad Zeshan
Published: June 2023

Woven fabric reinforced plastic composites are highly favoured in the aerospace and automotive industries for their exceptional impact resistance and ease of manufacture. To design and analyse these structures, it is crucial to determine their elastic properties of woven fabric composites, which can be estimated through analytical, numerical, or experimental means. In this study, we propose a novel approach that combines machine learning techniques with finite-element methods based multi-scaling analysis methodology to predict the elastic behaviour of woven composites. The method leverages datasets generated from finite element methods based numerical simulations and literature to train and validate models, providing a cost-effective and computationally efficient alternative to conventional homogenization-based finite element method. The approach offers a promising solution to accurately predicting the elastic behaviour of woven fabric composites.
Feedback Linearization Control of Lower Limb Exoskeleton Robot for Rehabilitation
Authors: Arsalan Muhammad , Rehaman Saad ur , Umair Muhammad , Imran Abid , Iqbal Ghazanfar
Published: June 2023

Stroke is a serious medical condition that affects a large number of people worldwide. Patients who suffer from stroke often experience difficulty in movement, especially in their lower limbs. Rehabilitation is crucial to help stroke patients regain their mobility and quality of life. One promising solution is the use of exoskeleton robots that can assist patients in their recovery process. These robots are designed to mimic the human skeletal system and can help stroke patients regain their natural gait cycle. The proposed solution is an exoskeleton robot that can assist two joints, the hip and knee joints. However, controlling the exoskeleton robot is a challenging task. To address this issue, the feedback linearization control technique was implemented using MATLAB/Simulink. This control technique can ensure that the robot movements are smooth and precise, helping stroke patients regain their natural gait cycle. To validate our proposed control techniques, three different input reference trajectories were used. The simulation results showed the trajectory tracking performance of our controller, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach. By successfully implementing the feedback linearization control technique, the exoskeleton robot can assist patients in regaining their mobility, leading to improved quality of life. In addition to the rehabilitation benefits, exoskeleton robots have the potential to assist patients in their daily activities, such as walking and running. This can significantly improve the patient’s independence and quality of life. The use of exoskeleton robots can also reduce the burden on healthcare providers by decreasing the need for physical assistance during rehabilitation.
Nature Inspired Thermomechanical Treatment to Investigate the Mechanical Properties of AISI 1040
Authors: Abid Faiza , Hussain Azhar , Asif Raza Muhammad , Hassan Askari Ghulam
Published: June 2023

Strengthening of metals as a function of metal working and thermal treatment is being utilized effectively in steel structures. Effect on strength beyond thermomechanical treatment has been the focus of this research by imprinting a nature inspired pattern on one side of the sheet metal. Pangolin scale pattern overlapped on AISI 1040 sheet metal while preserving its base treatment. Microstructure, impact toughness, hardness, and tensile strength with notch opposite to worked side was investigated after forging and post forging heat-treatment. After heating at 800°C, overlapping patterned forging was done on one side of two plates and then subsequently cooled in two ways, air cooled, and water quenched. To analyze the effect of forging and heat treatment, Charpy impact, UTS, hardness tests, and metallography were carried out on the heat treated (forged + quenched), untreated (forged + air cooled) and base (as received) specimens. The Room temperature Charpy test showed that the untreated specimen has the highest impact toughness of 120 J as that of the base and heat-treated specimen, 44 J and 60 J respectively. The heat-treated specimen showed an increase in macro and micro hardness than for the base and untreated specimens. Whereas the UTS has dropped in untreated and heat-treated specimens as compared to the base specimen, because in tensile test load is applied uniformly throughout the specimen so the stress concentrations in the unforged side of the metal higher than the side which is forged with overlapping patterns.
Thermogravimetric analysis for the characterization and comparative analysis of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) wall panel
Authors: Hamza Muhammad , Shakoor Abdul
Published: June 2023

In this paper, thermogravimetric analysis of different types/grades of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) wall panel is carried out using thermogravimetric analyzer. The data output from the analyzer is subjected to data analysis software i.e., OriginPro 2018, from which thermal attributes are find out for different grades of PVC wall panel i.e., soft PVC, hard PVC, WPVC and SPVC. The thermogravimetric attributes i.e., onset degradation temperature Ti, final degradation temperature Tf,, reaction interval and the peak temperature TP from the derivative thermogravimetric curve for the four basic types of PVC were comparatively analyzed for the characterization purpose. Beside the thermal characterization, the thermogravimetric analysis also disclosed the compositional attributes of the four types of PVC wall panel. The analysis in this paper characterized the SPVC as the most thermally stable PVC wall panel followed by hard, soft and WPVC.
Validation of the German version of the Short Health Scale – a brief, valid and reliable instrument to assess health-related quality of life in German-speaking patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Demmer Sina , Kleindienst Nikolaus , Hjortswang Henrik , Thomann Philipp , Ebert Matthias , Reindl Wolfgang , Thomann Anne
Published: June 2023

Background Health-related quality of life (hrQoL) may be the most important patient-reported outcome for patients with chronic disorders. The Short Health Scale (SHS) is a brief four-item instrument to assess hrQoL in patients with bowel disorders. This study examined the validity, reliability and sensitivity of the German translation of the SHS in a cohort of outpatients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).

Methods The study was preregistered in April 2021 (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/S82D9). Outpatients with IBD (n=225) in different stages of disease activity (as determined by the Harvey–Bradshaw index or partial Mayo score) completed the German SHS and the short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (sIBDQ) as an established measure of hrQoL to examine the convergent validity. To assess reliability, a subset of patients (n=30) in remission completed the same questionnaires after 4–8 weeks. Sensitivity to change was established from questionnaires of patients with either decreased (n=15) or increased (n=16) disease activity after 3–6 months.

Results The internal consistency of the German SHS was high (Cronbach’s α=0.860). SHS total scores correlated strongly with sIBDQ scores (ρ=–0.760, p<0.001) and disease activity (ρ=0.590, p<0.001). Retest reliability was high (ρ=0.695, p<0.001). Sensitivity to change was statistically significant for patients with decreased (p=0.013) but not increased (p=0.134) disease activity.

Conclusion The German version of the SHS is a valid and reliable tool to measure hrQoL in persons with IBD.
Interdisziplinäre Adipositas-Therapie
Authors: Walle Hardy
Published: June 2023

Adipositas und Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 sind in Deutschland an der Tagesordnung und weiter auf dem Vormarsch. Bei leichtem Übergewicht ist die klassische Ernährungstherapie hilfreich, ab einem BMI von 40 bzw. 50 kg/m2 ist die bariatrische Chirurgie indiziert. Studien konnten belegen, dass sich für die Gruppe der Patient*innen mit dazwischenliegenden BMI-Werten Formula- oder Mahlzeitenersatzprogramme eignen. Der Beitrag stellt das Bodymed-Konzept vor, das als fachübergreifendes, patientenspezifisches und individualisiertes Therapieangebot gilt. In Deutschland gibt es über 1000 Bodymed-Zentren, die die Gewichtsabnahme therapeutisch begleiten. Reine Abnehm-Apps sind zu wenig, daher setzt dieses Modell auf eine hybride Lösung, wodurch die Beratung wohnortnah stattfinden kann, individueller wird und damit erfolgreicher ist.
Prophylactic Tranexamic Acid Prevents Postpartum Hemorrhage and Transfusions in Cesarean Deliveries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Amy , Wang Mary Ying-Fang , Roy Debosree , Wang Jenny , Gokhale Abha , Miranda-Cacdac Lauren , Kuntz Moriah , Grover Bryan , Gray Kendra , Curley Kathleen L.
Published: June 2023

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide and PPH resulting in transfusion is the most common maternal morbidity in the United States. Literature demonstrates that tranexamic acid (TXA) can reduce blood loss in cesarean deliveries; however, there is little consensus on the impact on major morbidities like PPH and transfusions. We conducted a systematic review/meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate if administration of prophylactic intravenous (IV) TXA prevents PPH and/or transfusions following low-risk cesarean delivery. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines were followed. Five databases were searched: Cochrane, EBSCO, Ovid, PubMed, and ClinicalKey. RCTs published in English between January 2000 and December 2021 were included. Studies compared PPH and transfusions in cesarean deliveries between prophylactic IV TXA and control (placebo or no placebo). The primary outcome was PPH, and the secondary outcome was transfusions. Random effects models were used to calculate effect size (ES) of exposure in Mantel–Haenszel risk ratios (RR). All analysis was done at a confidence level (CI) of α = 0.5. Modeling showed that TXA led to significantly less risk of PPH than control (RR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.28–0.67). The effect on transfusion was comparable (RR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.21–0.73). Heterogeneity was minimal (I
2 = 0%). Due to the large sample sizes needed, many RCTs are not powered to interpret TXA's effect on PPH and transfusions. Pooling these studies in a meta-analysis allows for more power and analysis but is limited by the heterogeneity of studies. Our results minimize heterogeneity while demonstrating that prophylactic TXA can lower PPH occurrence and reduce the need for blood transfusion. We suggest considering prophylactic IV TXA as the standard of care in low-risk cesarean deliveries.

Key Points
Basal Plate Myofibers and the Risk of Placenta Accreta Spectrum in the Subsequent Pregnancy: A Large Single-Center Cohort
Authors: Erfani Hadi , Hessami Kamran , Salmanian Bahram , Castro Eumenia C. , Kopkin Rachel , Hecht Jonathan L. , Gogia Soumya , Jackson Josef N. , Dong Elaine , Fox Karin A. , Gessner McKenna , Fang Mary E. , Shainker Scott A. , Baroni Mariana D. , Modest Anna M. , Shamshirsaz Amir A. , Nassr Ahmed A. , Espinoza Jimmy , Aagaard Kjersti M. , Shamshirsaz Alireza A.
Published: June 2023

Objective We aimed to evaluate whether there is a significant association between a placental pathology diagnosis basal plate myofibers (BPMF) in an index pregnancy with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) in the subsequent pregnancy.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective nested cohort study of all cases with a histopathological finding of BPMF between August 2012 and March 2020 at a single tertiary referral center. Data were collected for all subjects (cases and controls) with at least two consecutive pregnancies (the initial index pregnancy and at least one subsequent pregnancy) accompanied by a concomitant record of histopathological study of the placenta at our center. The primary outcome was pathologically confirmed PAS in the subsequent pregnancy. Data are presented as percentage or median, interquartile range accordingly.

Results A total of n = 1,344 participants were included, of which n = 119 (index cases) carried a contemporaneous histopathological diagnosis of BPMF during the index pregnancy and n = 1,225 did not (index controls). Among the index cases, patients with BPMF were older (31.0 [20, 42] vs. 29.0 [15, 43], p < 0.001), more likely to have undergone in vitro fertilization (IVF) for conception (10.9 vs. 3.8%, p = 0.001) and were of a more advanced gestational age at delivery (39.0 [25, 41] vs. 38.0 [20, 42], p = 0.006). In the subsequent pregnancy, the rate of PAS was significantly higher among the BPMF index cases (6.7 vs. 1.1%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for maternal age and IVF, a histopathological diagnosis of BPMF in an index pregnancy was shown to be a significant risk factor for PAS in the subsequent gestation (hazard ratio: 5.67 [95% confidence interval: 2.28, 14.06], p < 0.001).

Conclusion Our findings support that a histopathological diagnosis of BPMF is an independent risk factor for PAS in the subsequent pregnancy.

Key Points
Endoscopic submucosal dissection assisted by adaptive traction: results of the first 54 procedures
Authors: Masgnaux Louis-Jean , Grimaldi Jean , Rivory Jérôme , Ponchon Thierry , Yzet Clara , Wallenhorst Timothée , Lupu Alexandru , Lafeuille Pierre , Legros Romain , Rostain Florian , Jacques Jérémie , Pioche Mathieu
Published: June 2023

Background Good submucosal exposure is key to successful endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and can be achieved with various traction devices. Nevertheless, these devices have a fixed traction force that tends to decrease as the dissection progresses. In contrast, the ATRACT adaptive traction device increases traction during the procedure.

Methods In this retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data (from a French database), we analyzed ESD procedures performed with the ATRACT device between April 2022 and October 2022. The device was used consecutively whenever possible. We collected details of lesion characteristics, procedural data, histologic outcomes, and clinical consequences for the patient.

Results 54 resections performed in 52 patients by two experienced operators (46 procedures) and six novices (eight procedures) were analyzed. The ATRACT devices used were the ATRACT-2 (n = 21), the ATRACT 2 + 2 (n = 30), and the ATRACT-4 (n = 3). Four adverse events were observed: one perforation (1.9 %), which was closed endoscopically, and three delayed bleeding events (5.5 %). The R0 rate was 93 %, resulting in curative resection in 91 % of cases.

Conclusion ESD using the ATRACT device is safe and effective in the colon and rectum, but can also be used to assist with procedures in the upper gastrointestinal tract. It may be particularly useful in difficult locations.
BDNF and Krox20 as Indicators of Platelet-rich Plasma-Induced Nerve Regeneration in a Neuropathic Orofacial Pain Model
Authors: Winias Saka , Sarasati Andari , Wicaksono Satutya , Ayuningtyas Nurina Febriyanti , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Radithia Desiana
Published: June 2023

Objective Various growth factors contained in PRP can increase angiogenesis and cell proliferation, which plays an essential role in the process of neuroregeneration and peripheral nerve injury recovery. This study analyzed PRP effects in the neuro-regeneration of axonotmesis through brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Krox20 expressions.

Materials and Methods Freeze-dried allogeneic platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were prepared from allogeneic sources. Forty-two Rattus norvegicus were divided into three groups: negative control group, positive control group (crushing infraorbital nerve) and treatment group (crushing infraorbital nerve without PRP injection). Each group was observed for fourteen and twenty-one days after injury. Infraorbital nerve tissue is isolated for indirect immunohistochemistry examination with BDNF and Krox20 antibodies. Data analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests with significant value as p < 0.05.

Results The PRP group showed BDNF expression significantly higher than control positive groups, both observation days (p = 0.00). A higher Korx20 expression showed by the PRP group after 21 days than in the control positive groups (p = 0.002).

Conclusion PRP can potentially improve neuroregeneration of axonotmesis through increased BDNF and Krox20 expression on the twenty-one days after injury.
A Cross-sectional Study on the Effectiveness of Two Different Tooth-brushing Exercise Methods in Blind Childrendren
Authors: Pamewa Kurniaty , Musnamirwan Iwan Ahmad , Setiawan Arlette Suzy
Published: June 2023

Objective Blind children tend to have poor oral health. Oral health education is needed to reduce the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases among blind children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two tooth brushing exercise methods toward blind children’s knowledge, attitude, behavior, and oral hygiene.

Materials and Methods The purposive sampling technique was used in this study on 80 blind children aged between 7 and 16. Children were divided into two groups of 40 children each. In group I, children received the tooth-brushing exercise through the Braille–verbal method, and group II received the tactile–verbal method. Their knowledge, behavior, and attitude were recorded by a questionnaire, and their oral hygiene was assessed during a personal oral examination. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney non-parametric test.

Results Differences in effectiveness toward knowledge, attitude, and oral hygiene were found between both methods with the following values: p-value = 0.04 (<0.05), 0.04 (<0.05), and 0.0002 (<0.05). No difference in effectiveness toward behavior was found: p-value 0.30 (>0.05).

Conclusion The two tooth-brushing methods could change knowledge, attitude, and oral hygiene in blind children. The tactile–verbal method was more effective than the Braille–verbal method in changing blind children's oral hygiene.
Development and Evaluation of a New Orthodontic Ligature: Frictional Force Analysis
Authors: Cenci Jaisson , Busato Mauro Carlos Agner , Camilotti Veridiana , Mendonça Márcio José
Published: June 2023

Objective To evaluate and compare the friction of different ligature modes used in orthodontics, and to propose a new ligature model for conventional brackets (“H low-friction orthodontic ligature).

Materials and Methods Samples were randomly divided into seven experimental groups: (1) resin H ligature (H3D), designed by the authors of this study and produced in a 3D printer, with conventional bracket; (2) metal H ligature (HFM), with conventional bracket; (3) passive self-ligating bracket (SLP); (4) “8” low-friction unconventional elastic (LT8), with conventional bracket; (5) loose conventional metal ligature (MLS), with conventional bracket; (6) conventional metal ligature fully tightened (MLT), with conventional bracket; (7) conventional elastic ligature (CEL), with conventional bracket—control. All samples were subjected to mechanical static friction testing using the EMIC DL 2000 universal testing machine.

Statistical Analysis To assess the normality requirement, the Shapiro–Wilk test was used, which showed a non-normal distribution for the means of the groups (p < 0.05). Therefore, statistical tests were performed to assess the existence of statistically significant differences between the groups through the Kruskal–Wallis, followed by Dunn's test, pairwise comparison, p < 0.05.

Results The results obtained showed lower friction values for HFM (0.002 kgf), SLP (0.003 kgf), and LT8 (0.004 kgf)—these did not differ statistically from each other. These were followed by H3D (0.020 kgf), MLS (0.049 kgf), CEL (0.12 kgf), and, finally, MLT (0.21 kgf).

Conclusion The lowest friction value was found for the metal H ligature, similar to the self-ligating bracket and the “8” low-friction unconventional elastic. The resin H ligature presented intermediate friction values and the highest friction force was found for the MLT group.
A Simple, Rapid, and Cost-Effective PCR Procedure for Detection of NUDT15 Gene Variants in Vietnamese Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Tram Duong Bich , Chuong Ho Quoc , Phuong Huynh Anh , Phung Nguyen The Nguyen , Nguyen Mai-Lan , Vu Hoang Anh
Published: June 2023

Objective The NUDT15 variants impact thiopurine dose selection in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. The ability to rapidly detect variants is important in clinical practice. This study aims to develop a simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure for detecting NUDT15 variants in Vietnamese patients.

Materials and Methods Sanger sequencing was used to determine NUDT15 variants from 200 patients. We designed primers and optimized the PCR procedure for detection of wild-type and variant alleles and compared with Sanger sequencing results.

Results The inserted variant c.55_56insGAGTCG was detected by differences in size through conventional PCR. The tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR was successful in detecting two variations, c.52G > A and c.415C > T. The sensitivity and specificity of PCR procedure achieved 100% when compared to 200 Sanger sequencing results.

Conclusion Our PCR procedure is suitable for replacing Sanger sequencing to detect the NUDT15 variants in clinical setting.
The Effect of Grape Seed Extract on the Alveolar, Jaw, and Skeletal Bone Remodeling: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Erdiarti Dyah , Triwardhani Ari , Ardani I Gusti Aju Wahju , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro
Published: June 2023

Herbal medicine has an important part in promoting and maintaining human health. One of them was grape seed extract (GSE). Various potentials of GSE in human health have been explored, and its potential for maintaining bone health is promising. Some initial research has provided evidence that the GSE was able to affect bone remodeling (bone resorption and bone formation). This scoping review analyzed and discussed all the reports on the effect of GSE on bone healing and bone remodeling in animals in the alveolar bone, jaw bone, and skeletal bone. The further purpose is to give an opportunity to research and development of supplementation of GSE for humans.

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines were used to compose this scoping review through database on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, and manual search until December 2022. The inclusion criteria were a study that analyzed the effect of supplementation GSE on all bones.

All included study was in vivo study with supplementation of GSE. The supplementation of GSE affects the alveolar bone, jaw bones, and skeletal bone by promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption by suppressing inflammation, apoptosis pathways, and osteoclastogenesis. It not only supports bone remodeling in bone inflammation, osteonecrosis, osteoporosis, and arthritis but also the GSE increases bone health by increasing the density and mineral deposition in trabecula and cortical bone.

The supplementation of GSE supports bone remodeling by interfering with the inflammation process and bone formation not only by preventing bone resorption but also by maintaining bone density.
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Self-Esteem, and Empathy among Nursing Students—A Pilot Study (Part 1)
Authors: Castelino Patsey Sera , Mendonca Theresa Leonilda
Published: June 2023

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and empathy of nursing students undergoing clinical experience in pediatric units.

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted and data were gathered from 60 BSc nursing students undergoing clinical experience in pediatric units. Self-report questionnaires assessing emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and empathy were used and information about demographic details was collected.

Statistical Analysis Pearson's correlation was used to find relationship between the constructs.

Results Nursing students had moderately high level of emotional intelligence. Nursing students had below average level of empathy. There was no significant relationship between emotional intelligence and empathy of nursing students. There was a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and self-esteem of nursing students. There was no significant relationship between empathy and self-esteem of nursing students.

Conclusion More research needs to be conducted to find the relationship between emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and empathy of nursing students so that proper training measures can be adopted to enhance these qualities which are crucial in providing quality care to the patients.
Should Sickle Cell Trait Be a Contraindication to Breast Reconstruction?—A Case Series Analysis
Authors: Webster Theresa K. , Araya Sthefano , Bartolacci Joseph , Amadio Grace M. , Panichella Juliet C. , Costa Joseph , Patel Sameer A.
Published: June 2023

Background While sickle cell disease has long been considered a contraindication to breast free flap reconstruction, there have been less definitive decisions about the impact of sickle cell trait on these procedures. We sought to analyze the patients with sickle cell trait who underwent free deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap and pedicled latissimus dorsi (LD) flap at a single institution to determine the reconstructive outcomes.

Methods Patients with sickle cell trait who underwent breast free DIEP and pedicled LD reconstruction from 2007 to 2021 at a single institution by the lead surgeon were analyzed for demographics and surgical outcomes.

Results Four patients were identified as having sickle cell trait and having undergone a breast flap reconstruction. The average age of the patients was 54 years, median body mass index was 25, and past medical history was notable for one patient being a current smoker, and one patient having hypertension. Two patients received a unilateral free DIEP flap, one received a bilateral free DIEP flap, and one received a unilateral pedicled LD flap for a total of five flaps in four patients. Three of the patients received prior hormone therapy, one received prior radiation therapy, and one received prior chemotherapy. There were no instances of flap failure, vessel thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or deep venous thrombosis. One patient experienced wound dehiscence.

Conclusion In this case series we present four patients with sickle cell trait who successfully underwent breast flap reconstruction without any instances of flap or systemic thrombosis. More work is needed to determine how to pre- and postoperatively optimize patients with sickle cell trait for favorable breast flap reconstruction outcomes.
Atomic force microscopy shows behavior of nanoscale water capillary bridges
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: June 2023

Examining the interface between microscope probe and silicon wafer sheds light on how water collects in nanoconfined spaces in machinery.
The force balance of electrons during kinetic anti-parallel magnetic reconnection
Authors: Egedal J. , Gurram H. , Greess S. , Daughton W. , Lê A.
Published: June 2023

Fully kinetic simulations are applied to the study of 2D anti-parallel reconnection, elucidating the dynamics by which the electron fluid maintains force balance within both the ion diffusion region (IDR) and the electron diffusion region (EDR). Inside the IDR, magnetic field-aligned electron pressure anisotropy (pe∥≫pe⊥) develops upstream of the EDR. Compared to previous investigations, the use of modern computer facilities allows for simulations at the natural proton to electron mass ratio mi/me=1836. In this high-mi/me-limit, the electron dynamics change qualitatively, as the electron inflow to the EDR is enhanced and mainly driven by the anisotropic pressure. Using a coordinate system with the x-direction aligned with the reconnecting magnetic field and the y-direction aligned with the central current layer, it is well known that for the much studied 2D laminar anti-parallel and symmetric scenario the reconnection electric field at the X-line must be balanced by the ∂pexy/∂x and ∂peyz/∂z off-diagonal electron pressure stress components. We find that the electron anisotropy upstream of the EDR imposes large values of ∂pexy/∂x within the EDR, and along the direction of the reconnection X-line, this stress cancels with the stress of a previously determined theoretical form for ∂peyz/∂z. The electron frozen-in law is instead broken by pressure tensor gradients related to the direct heating of the electrons by the reconnection electric field. The reconnection rate is free to adjust to the value imposed externally by the plasma dynamics at larger scales.
A systematic investigation of radiation collapse for disruption avoidance and prevention on JET tokamak
Authors: Rossi R. , Gelfusa M. , Craciunescu T. , Spolladore L. , Wyss I. , Peluso E. , Vega J. , Maggi C. F. , Mailloux J. , Maslov M. , Murari A. ,   on behalf of JET Contributors
Published: June 2023

To produce fusion reactions efficiently, thermonuclear plasmas have to reach extremely high temperatures, which is incompatible with their coming into contact with material surfaces. Confinement of plasmas using magnetic fields has progressed significantly in the last years, particularly in the tokamak configuration. Unfortunately, all tokamak devices, and particularly metallic ones, are plagued by catastrophic events called disruptions. Many disruptions are preceded by anomalies in the radiation patterns, particularly in ITER-relevant scenarios. These specific forms of radiation emission either directly cause or reveal the approaching collapse of the configuration. Detecting the localization of these radiation anomalies in real time requires an innovative and specific elaboration of bolometric measurements, confirmed by visible cameras and the inversion of sophisticated tomographic algorithms. The information derived from these measurements can be interpreted in terms of local power balances, which suggest a new quantity, the radiated power divided by the plasma internal energy, to determine the criticality of the plasma state. Combined with robust indicators of the temperature profile shape, the identified anomalous radiation patterns allow determination of the sequence of macroscopic events leading to disruptions. A systematic analysis of JET campaigns at high power in deuterium, full tritium, and DT, for a total of almost 2000 discharges, proves the effectiveness of the approach. The warning times are such that, depending on the radiation anomaly and the available actuators, the control system of future devices is expected to provide enough notice to enable deployment of effective prevention and avoidance strategies.
Focusing and reduction of correlated energy spread of chirped electron beams in passive plasma lens
Authors: Pathak N. , Zhidkov A. , Espinos D. Oumbarek , Hosokai T.
Published: June 2023

All-optical compact plasma focusing and transportation of electron beams, in the passive mode of a plasma lens, is studied via real geometry particle-in-cell simulations for its suitability for the laser wakefield acceleration technique. The focusing of an electron beam by a passive plasma lens is a non-linear and dynamic process, which strongly depends on the space charge induced evacuation of the plasma electrons in the vicinity of the propagating electron beam. Effects of such focusing on the energy spread, divergence, and emittance of laser-driven electron beams are analyzed numerically for different plasma densities. An initially negative chirp in electron beam energy is shown to be instrumental in suppressing the unwanted growth in the relative energy spread of the electron beam during the passive lensing. Usefulness of such a passive plasma element for a single and multi-stage laser wakefield acceleration configuration is demonstrated.