bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parotitis Mumps: Diagnosis, Tata Laksana, dan Edukasi Pencegahan Penularan pada Fasilitas Pelayanan Primer
Authors: Suparman Desi Dwirosalia , Mas’ud Ian Astarina , Karismananda Karismananda
Published: February 2025

Latar belakang: Virus mumps adalah penyebab yang terbanyak kejadian parotitis. Penyebaran virus ini melalui droplet udara saat penderita batuk, bersin, dan berbicara. Hal ini membuat penyebaran penyakit ini sangat cepat. Di Indonesia,  Dinas Kesehatan DKI Jakarta mencatat adanya peningkatan kasus mumps hingga mencapai 1.234 pada 2024.
Isi: Mumps disebabkan oleh kelompok paramyxovirus, sebuah virus rantai tunggal RNA yang tidak bersegmen. Diagnosis mumps pada layanan kesehatan primer ditegakkan secara klasik berdasarkan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan klinis, terutama gejala patognomonik parotitis. Sebagian besar kasus mumps bersifat self-limiting sehingga tata laksananya adalah suportif dan simptomatik. Kasus mumps yang disertai komplikasi  memerlukan rujukan ke rumah sakit.  Pencegahan penyebaran virus dapat dioptimalkan dengan konseling dan edukasi yang mencakup isolasi selama lima hari setelah gejala parotitis, proteksi diri, dan vaksinasi MMR sesuai dosis.
Kesimpulan: Parotitis mumps adalah penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan vaksinasi. Diagnosis dan penanganan tepat, serta edukasi  efektif dapat membantu menurunkan angka kejadian  mencegah terjadinya komplikasi, dan epidemi.
Hubungan Kualitas Tidur dengan Kecemasan pada Ibu Hamil Trimester Ketiga di Puskesmas Kassi-Kassi Kota Makassar
Authors: Az Zuhri Sultan Abdul Madjid , Helvian Fhirastika Annisha , Pratiwi Utami Murti , Hartoko Rahadi Arie , A. Muhammad Irham
Published: February 2025

Latar belakang: Kualitas tidur buruk yang dimiliki ibu hamil di Indonesia mencapai sekitar 64% dan hampir 80% mengalami susah tidur menjelang trimester ketiga. Jika dibiarkan dapat berefek pada saat persalinan, di antaranya persalinan prematur. Kualitas tidur yang buruk dapat menimbulkan kecemasan, namun penelitian pada ibu hamil masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara kualitas tidur dengan kecemasan ibu hamil trimester ketiga di Puskesmas Kassi-Kassi Kota Makassar.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian analisis korelasional kuantitatif  dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Alat penelitian ini menggunakan The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire untuk kualitas tidur dan Pregnant-Related Anxiety-Revised 2 Questionnaire untuk tingkat kecemasan.
Hasil: Dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan 88 sampel dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji korelasi peringkat Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 79,5% diantaranya memiliki kualitas tidur yang buruk, dan jika menyangkut kecemasan, kecemasan ringan lebih dominan (56,8%). Analisis bivariat diperoleh p-value = 0,002 dengan p < 0,1 dan nilai r = 0,326.
Kesimpulan: Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan kekuatan korelasi sedang antara kualitas tidur dengan kecemasan pada ibu hamil tua di Puskesmas Kassi-Kassi.
Análisis de la mezcla de marketing en México y las energías renovables como parte de su crecimiento económico en el APEC para el periodo 2015-2024
Authors: Ortiz Ayala Ricardo , Hubenova Nencheva Violena , Rubio Ugalde Gema Jazmín
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de esta investigación es realizar una comparación cualitativa y exploratoria de los cuatro elementos dela mercadotecnia; producto, precio, distribución y comunicación con base en Kotler. Se analiza el impacto en lasenergías renovables, comprando el grado en el que se utilizan en México y cambian a su desarrollo económico enel periodo 2015-2024. Los resultados arrojan evidencias a favor uso creciente de las energías renovables en elpaís las cuales gracias a políticas gubernamentales en los últimos años, han tenido un rápido desarrollo y sedemuestran cada vez más sus ventajas en comparación con las energías convencionales
Evaluation of the efficiency of methods for expanding thick-walled tubes into tube sheets of heat exchangers
Authors: Stovpnyk O.V. , Kyrylyuk V.O.
Published: February 2025

The present work is devoted to the experimental study of methods of reaming thick-walled tubes in thick tube grids used in modern heat exchangers. The efficiency of industrial systems largely depends on the reliability of the equipment, the main element of which are heat exchangers. Recently, the use of thick-walled tubes is gaining popularity, which provides higher indicators of strength and tightness of connections. However, the use of such pipes requires the use of methods of pre-deformation of the pipe ends at an angle that corresponds to the conical surface of the holes in the pipe grid. This provides a tighter joint prior to subsequent welding and reaming over the full thickness of the lattice.
The main objective of the work was to comparatively analyze stepwise and continuous reaming methods, which are widely used in industry. These methods differ significantly in their productivity, quality and time consumption. The evaluation of these parameters allowed to identify advantages and disadvantages of each of them, which became the basis for the subsequent selection of the optimal method depending on the operating conditions. During the study, special attention was paid to key indicators such as joint strength and tightness, as well as the condition of the surfaces of the flared pipe sections. The research was conducted on the basis of the production unit of Yuzhenergo LLC, Dnipro city.
Experimental data were obtained on the basis of studies of pipe joints made of A335 Grade P12 steel with different parameters of diameters and wall thicknesses. In the process of work also quantitative estimation of time spent on execution of reaming operations by each method was carried out. The results of the research have shown that band-screw rolling is a promising direction for fixing small diameter pipes in conditions where high strength of joints is required at minimum time expenditures.
The results considered in the work can be useful for improvement of technological processes of production and operation of heat-exchange apparatuses. Application of the obtained data allows to increase not only reliability and durability of the equipment, but also its economic efficiency, which is especially important in the conditions of modern industrial requirements.
Важливість використання знань з нарисної геометрії при розробці ескізу
Authors: Карпюк Л.В. , Давіденко Н.О. , Дуришев О.А.
Published: February 2025

Нарисна геометрія є забезпечувальною дисципліною не тільки курсу креслення, до чого фактично зведена її роль на сьогодні в системі вищої технічної освіти, а будучи розділом математики, вона слугує базою прикладної геометрії, що розв'язує оптимізаційні багатопараметричні, багатофакторні задачі конструювання, технології, економіки, соціології тощо. Основним завданням цієї публікації є викладення точки зору автора на роль і місце нарисної геометрії, а також необхідності використання її під час розроблення ескізів. Конструкторські документи, призначені для одноразового використання, можуть виконуватися в ескізному вигляді. Ескіз - це зображення, виконане без застосування креслярських інструментів, від руки, за правилами аксонометрії в окомірному масштабі з дотриманням пропорцій деталі. При цьому дотримуються тих самих правил, що й під час побудови аксонометричних проєкцій: під тими самими кутами розташовують осі, розміри відкладають уздовж осей або паралельно їм. У низці випадків за ескізами складають робочі кресленики. В деяких випадках ескізи використовуються для виготовлення за ними деталей. Сучасний студент має прагнути не тільки вищого ступеня оволодіння спеціальними знаннями, уміннями та навичками, а й поетапно просуватися від діяльності під керівництвом педагога до самонавчання. Вища школа має готувати фахівця інтегрального типу мислення, здатного до синтезу знань, умінь на всіх етапах і рівнях безперервної освіти. Дисципліна «Нарисна геометрія» сприяє розвитку просторового абстрактного мислення, яке необхідне для інженерної та проєкційноїдіяльності [6]. Здобувачі вищої освіти інженерних спеціальностей у своїй професійній діяльності стикаються з розробкою проєктів конструкцій, механізмів та машин, що потребує знань теорій проєкційних зображень. Сучасні методики навчання приділяють значну увагу використанню інформаційно-освітнього середовища – системи доступних користувачеві джерел інформації, способів і засобів її обробки, а також умов інформаційної взаємодії суб’єкта з цими джерелами. У комплексі дисциплін графічного циклу, які вивчаються у ВНЗ, весь час відбуваються великі зміни. Нині активно використовують і вивчають комп'ютерні технології розроблення конструкторської документації. Це необхідно, і це визнають усі. Каменем спотикання залишається нарисна геометрія. Чи потрібна вона як навчальна дисципліна? Навіщо потрібна нарисна геометрія студентам технічних вишів? Такі запитання ставлять як прихильники, так і противники дисципліни. На ці та інші питання спробували дати відповіді автори даної статті.
Hubungan Persepsi Peran Gender dengan Motivasi Berprestasi Siswa
Authors: Nurhikmah Nazilah , Martono Nanang , Puspitasari Elis , Kurniawan Agung
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini menjelaskan hubungan persepsi peran gender dengan motivasi berprestasi siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif berupa survei di salah satu SMA di Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 715 siswa. Teknik sampel yang digunakan yaitu teknik simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel yaitu 392 siswa. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan kolerasi tau kendall b. Hasil penelitian tidak terdapat hubungan yang positif antara persepsi peran gender dengan motivasi berprestasi siswa. Nilai p value atau signifikasi sebesar 0,162 menunjukkan bahwa hubungan kedua variabel tersebut tidak signifikan, karena p value 0,162 > α -0,071 pada taraf signifikasi 99% (0,01). Hal tersebut dapat terjadi karena peran sosialisasi di sekolah memperlakukan semua siswa sama tanpa memandang persepsi peran gender, sehingga siswa tertanam kesetaraan gender bahwa setiap siswa memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk berprestasi.
Kata kunci: Persepsi Peran Gender, Gender, Motivasi Berprestasi, Prestasi Siswa
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR MENULIS TEKS NEGOSIASI DENGAN MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING BERBANTUAN E-BOOK DI KELAS XI MAS DDI AL MUJAHIDIN BENDORO
Authors: Masnawati  , Hanafi Muhammad , Ahmad Jamaluddin , Efendy Rasyid Rustam , Yusmah Yusmah , Adnan Andi Astina
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan  mendeskripsikan efektivitas bahan ajar yang dikembangkan terhadap kemampuan teks negosiasi dengan model discovery learning berbantuan e-book di  kelas XI MAS DDI Al Mujahidin Bendoro. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development)  yang diistilahkan dengan R&D.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di MAS DDI Al Mujahidin Bendoro Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang yang direncanakan selama tiga bulan. populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah keseluruhan siswa kelas XI MAS DDI Al Mujahidin Bendoro yang berjumlah 62 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini ditarik secara keseluruhan atau sebanyak 63 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah dokumentasi, observasi, angket, dan tes. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan uji validasi dan N-Gain Score.   Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan ajar yang dikembangkan di MAS DDI Al Mujahidin Bendoro berbentuk e-book yang mengintegrasikan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning. E-book ini terdiri dari komponen pendahuluan, isi materi, aktivitas discovery learning, serta latihan dan evaluasi, dengan fitur interaktif yang memungkinkan siswa belajar secara mandiri. Model Discovery Learning dirancang untuk mendorong eksplorasi aktif siswa dalam memahami konsep teks negosiasi.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa e-book yang dikembangkan dinilai mudah digunakan dengan respons positif dari siswa karena interaktivitas dan fleksibilitasnya. Efektivitas bahan ajar terlihat dari peningkatan nilai pretest dan posttest siswa dengan rata-rata n-Gain Score 0,3, yang termasuk kategori sedang hingga tinggi. Beberapa siswa menunjukkan peningkatan yang sangat signifikan dengan n-Gain Score lebih dari 0,7. Dengan demikian, e-book berbasis Discovery Learning ini terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan siswa menulis teks negosiasi.
Penerapan Metode SQ3R sebagai Solusi dalam Keterampilan Membaca Pemahaman pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Asih Sri Ayuning , Ahdan Ikhwanudin  , Utami Retna Dwi , Febriyanto Budi
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi efektivitas metode pembelajaran SQ3R (Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review) dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pemahaman di kalangan siswa sekolah dasar. Terlepas dari peran penting pemahaman membaca dalam keberhasilan akademik, literatur terbaru menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pemahaman membaca siswa masih rendah karena strategi pengajaran yang tidak efektif dan sumber daya yang terbatas. Metode SQ3R diusulkan sebagai solusi, karena metode ini mendorong keterlibatan aktif dengan teks melalui tahap-tahap terstruktur yang mendorong pemikiran kritis dan pemahaman yang lebih dalam. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya perencanaan dan penerapan strategi pengajaran yang inovatif untuk mengatasi tantangan yang dihadapi dalam membaca pemahaman. Dengan berfokus pada integrasi keterampilan membaca dengan konteks kehidupan nyata, metode SQ3R bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam mengekstrak dan membangun makna dari teks, yang pada akhirnya mendorong hasil akademik yang lebih baik.
ANALISIS PENGETAHUAN ETNOMATEMATIKA GURU DI SDN 018/VII MUARA TEBO
Authors: Antok Kurniawan  , Syahrul Ramadhan
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengetahuan etnomatematika dan keterampilan mengajar menggunakan pendekatan etnomatematika guru sekolah dasar di SDN 018/VII Muara Tebo, implikasi pengetahuan etnomatika dan kendala-kendala yang dihadapi oleh guru dalam mengimplementasikan pengetahuan etnomatematika di sekolah dasar.Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Tebo Tengah, yaitu SDN 018/VII Muara Tebo. Data penelitian diperoleh menggunakan dua pendekatan yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif dan pendekatan kualitatif. Penggunaan pendekatan kuantitatif dilakukan dengan cara menyebarkan angket kepada guru kelas, kemudian data angket tersebut dianalisis untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan etnomatematika guru di sekolah dasar SDN 028/VII Muara tebo. Pendekatan kualitatif dilakukan dengan mewawancarai guru kelas dan analisis dokumentasi, data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis Miles dan Hubermen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan etnomatematika guru kelas di sekolah dasar di SDN 018/VII Muara Tebo. dari 5 responden tersebut mengetahui apa itu etnomatematika, sesuai dengan pernyataan dari narasumber MZ dan MH yang mengatakan bahwa istilah etnomatematika adalah pembelajaran matematika yang menghubungkan dengan kebudayaan. Narasumber NH dan AH mengatakan etnomatematika adalah pembelajaran yang mengaitkan dengan  budaya. Diketahui bahwa masih ada guru yang belum menguasai teori tentang etnomatematika hal ini sesuai dengan pernyataan dari NZ yang mengatakan bahwa belum adanya penguasaan terhadap pembelajaran etnomatematika sehingga dalam proses pembelajaran belum menerapkan pembelajaran berbasis etnomatematika.
Nutrient-based therapies to protect the neonatal brain
Authors:   , Brandt Myrna Jeanne Valérie
Published: February 2025

From the moment the first brain cells start to emerge during gestation, a range of complex and precisely timed processes takes place during brain development that lay the groundwork for life. When these processes are disturbed, for example due to preterm birth or oxygen deprivation occurring around birth, this can have a major impact on infants, their families, and society. Although neonatal care has improved tremendously over the past decades, effective therapies to counteract brain injury acquired during the neonatal period are still scarce. The research presented in this thesis aims to provide insights into the causes of brain injury that can occur as a result of preterm birth, and proposes relevant rodent and organoid models to study this type of injury in a preclinical setting. Moreover, the research presented in this thesis provides evidence for the efficacy of (multi)nutrient-based therapies for neonatal brain injuries. Nutrients that occur naturally in breastmilk, such as omega-3 fatty acids and specialized human milk fibers, seem particularly promising in this regard. In future, these findings can contribute to the development of new therapies to improve the outlook for patients who faced adversity during the first stages of life.
Middle Eastern and European Christianity, 16th-20th Century
Authors: Heyberger Bernard
Published: February 2025

Bernard Heyberger carved new paths in the study of Middle Eastern Christianity, helping to shed fresh light on aspects of the connected history of the Near East that had previously been neglected. His approach to ‘global microhistory’ has focused on questions of space and circulation (people, texts, and objects) and his work has spanned many disciplines. In addition, he has made important contributions to the social and cultural history of Early Modern Catholicism.
This volume presents a collection of Heyberger’s studies in English for the first time, providing an unprecedented opportunity for the international public to access his work. The essays are accompanied by an introduction discussing the importance and legacy of his work and a comprehensive bibliography of his writings.
Debate as a Tool for Enhancing Critical Thinking and Civic Skills
Authors: Caughell Leslie , Holzer Kellie
Published: February 2025

This manuscript emphasizes the role of debate in promoting individual competencies necessary for democratic engagement. By simulating actual democratic processes, our debate course provided students with practical experience in deliberation and perspective-taking. This approach encourages students to navigate complex societal issues, fostering an appreciation of the nuances of argumentation while cultivating empathy towards differing viewpoints. These findings suggest that structured debates can serve as a tool for promoting democratic skills among college students, preparing them to become informed, active participants in their political communities.
Deliberation is for Judgment: Preparing Students for the Actually Existing Public Sphere
Authors: Richer Zach
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the field of democratic education has placed increased emphasis on the role of university courses in supplying students with the requisite skills for civic engagement. Deliberative democrats imagine citizenship as participatory and consensus-seeking, guided by the exercise of public reason. However, this expectation does not describe the civic practices engaged by the majority population, including those of political science graduates nor the possibilities available to most citizens in complex democracies. I suggest that the civic skill most in need of cultivation is not consensus-seeking but what Arendt described as judgment. This paper offers an alternative account of publicity in the public sphere and illustrates its pernicious effects on deliberations in the classroom and beyond. I propose judgment as an alternative that leverages the positive features of deliberation towards a more practicable, reasonable end.
The Conference Fostering Cross-disciplinary Reflections to Bridge Societal Divides (REFLECT), 21st and 23rd of October 2024
Authors: Căpraru Mădălina
Published: February 2025

Between the 21st and 23rd of October 2024, the Department of Social Work, Journalism, Public Relations, and Sociology (Faculty of Social and Human Sciences) at Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu hosted the XIXth edition of the international conference Fostering Cross-disciplinary Reflections to Bridge Societal Divides (REFLECT). The conference focused on recent events driving significant social change, such as armed conflicts in Europe, mass migration, and humanitarian crises affecting refugees. The event also addressed ongoing social crises exacerbated by the already fragile state of societies grappling with the pandemic's aftermath. The event attracted 60 researchers, Ph.D. candidates, and faculty members representing various national and international universities and research institutions.
The role of microalgae in providing essential minerals for sustainable swine nutrition
Authors: Prates José A. M.
Published: February 2025

The integration of microalgae as a mineral source in swine nutrition provides a sustainable alternative to conventional mineral supplements, offering unique nutritional and environmental benefits. Microalgae species, such as Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina (currently Limnospira, formerly Arthrospira), are rich in essential minerals, supplying significant levels of calcium (3.5-12.8 g/kg), phosphorus (9.1-16.4 g/kg), zinc (16.2-280 mg/kg) and iron (512-1289 mg/kg), which are critical for growth, bone development and immune support in swine. Inclusion rates of 2-5% in swine diets have demonstrated positive outcomes, with C. vulgaris at 3-5% inclusion levels significantly enhancing bone mineral density and growth in piglets, while Limnospira platensis at 2-3% inclusion has been linked to improved immune responses and increased antibody production. In addition to minerals, microalgae contribute bioactive compounds, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants that support swine health and productivity. Environmentally, microalgae offer notable benefits by requiring less land and water compared to conventional crops, effectively sequestering carbon and providing bioremediation capabilities, thereby reducing the ecological impact of livestock production. Despite these advantages, challenges remain in optimizing mineral bioavailability due to the resilient cell walls of certain species, which may require mechanical or enzymatic pre-treatments to enhance nutrient absorption. Future research should aim at improving bioavailability treatments, reducing production costs and conducting long-term feeding trials to validate the economic and health impacts of microalgae in swine diets. Overall, microalgae represent a promising mineral resource for sustainable swine nutrition, aligning with the environmental and economic objectives of modern agriculture.
Mechanisms of ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation and their roles in age-related neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Church Taylor R. , Margolis Seth S.
Published: February 2025

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive breakdown of neuronal structure and function and the pathological accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates and toxic protein oligomers. A major contributor to the deterioration of neuronal physiology is the disruption of protein catabolic pathways mediated by the proteasome, a large protease complex responsible for most cellular protein degradation. Previously, it was believed that proteolysis by the proteasome required tagging of protein targets with polyubiquitin chains, a pathway called the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Because of this, most research on proteasomal roles in neurodegeneration has historically focused on the UPS. However, additional ubiquitin-independent pathways and their importance in neurodegeneration are increasingly recognized. In this review, we discuss the range of ubiquitin-independent proteasome pathways, focusing on substrate identification and targeting, regulatory molecules and adaptors, proteasome activators and alternative caps, and diverse proteasome complexes including the 20S proteasome, the neuronal membrane proteasome, the immunoproteasome, extracellular proteasomes, and hybrid proteasomes. These pathways are further discussed in the context of aging, oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, with a special focus on Alzheimer’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease, and Parkinson’s Disease. A mechanistic understanding of ubiquitin-independent proteasome function and regulation in neurodegeneration is critical for the development of therapies to treat these devastating conditions. This review summarizes the current state of ubiquitin-independent proteasome research in neurodegeneration.
Secondary prevention of preeclampsia
Authors: Aldika Akbar Muhammad Ilham , Rosaudyn Roudhona , Gumilar Khanisyah Erza , Shanmugalingam Renuka , Dekker Gustaaf
Published: February 2025

Preventing preeclampsia (PE) is crucial for the wellbeing of the mother, fetus, and the neonate with three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Secondary prevention involves pharmacological therapies aimed at stopping the disease’s progression before clinical signs. The predominant approach currently employed is the daily administration of low dose Aspirin and calcium. PE is a multifaceted illness characterized by syncytiotrophoblast (STB) stress, leading to endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Various subtypes of PE, in particular early-onset PE (EOP) and late-onset PE (LOP), have different pathophysiological pathways leading to STB stress and also different perinatal outcomes. Low-dose Aspirin (LDA) has been shown to be beneficial in lowering the occurrence of EOP, especially when started before 16 weeks of pregnancy. Calcium supplementation is advantageous for women with poor dietary calcium intake, reducing endothelium activation and hypertension. Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH), have pleiotropic effects, besides their anticoagulant effects, LMWH have significant anti-inflammatory effects, and have a potential restricted use in patients with history of prior severe placental vasculopathy with or without the maternal preeclamptic syndrome. Pravastatin and other statins have shown positive results in lowering preterm PE and improving outcomes for both the mother and baby. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have shown potential in lowering soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) levels and enhancing endothelial function, but clinical trials have been inconsistent. Metformin, primarily used for improving insulin sensitivity, has potential advantages in decreasing PE incidence due to its anti-inflammatory and vascular properties, particularly in morbidly obese women. Nitric oxide (NO) donors and L-arginine have been shown to effectively reduce vascular resistance and improving blood flow to placenta, potentially reducing PE risk. In conclusion, various pharmacological treatments have the potential to prevent secondary PE, but their effectiveness depends on underlying risk factors and intervention time. Further research is needed to determine the optimal (combination) of method(s) for the individual patient with her individual risk profile.
Systematic collection, annotation, and pattern analysis of viral vaccines in the VIOLIN vaccine knowledgebase
Authors: Huffman Anthony , Gautam Mehul , Gandhi Arya , Du Priscilla , Austin Lauren , Roan Kallan , Zheng Jie , He Yongqun
Published: February 2025

Background

Viral vaccines have been proven significant in protecting us against viral diseases such as COVID-19. To better understand and design viral vaccines, it is critical to systematically collect, annotate, and analyse various viral vaccines and identify enriched patterns from these viral vaccines.

Methods

We systematically collected experimentally verified viral vaccines from the literature, manually annotated, and stored the information in the VIOLIN vaccine database. The annotated information included basic vaccine names, pathogens and diseases, vaccine components, vaccine formulations, and their induced host responses. Enriched patterns were identified from our systematical analysis of the viral vaccines and vaccine antigens.

Results

A total of 2,847 viral vaccines against 95 viral species (including 72 RNA viral species and 23 DNA viral species) were collected, manually annotated, and stored in the VIOLIN vaccine database. These viral vaccines used 542 vaccine antigens. A taxonomical analysis found various DNA and RNA viruses covered by the viral vaccines. These vaccines target different viral life cycle stages (e.g., viral entry, assembly, exit, and immune evasion) as identified in top ranked human, animal vaccines, and HPV vaccines. The vaccine antigen proteins also show up in different virion locations in viruses such as HRSV vaccines. Both structural and non-structural viral proteins have been used for viral vaccine development. Protective vaccine antigens tend to have a protegenicity score of >85% based on the Vaxign-ML calculation, which measures predicted suitability for vaccine use. While predicted adhesins still have significantly higher chances of being protective antigens, only 21.42% of protective viral vaccine antigens were predicted to be adhesins. Furthermore, our Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis using a customized Fisher’s exact test identified many enriched patterns such as viral entry into the host cell, DNA/RNA/ATP/ion binding, and suppression of host type 1 interferon-mediated signaling pathway. The viral vaccines and their associated entities and relations are ontologically modeled and represented in the Vaccine Ontology (VO). A VIOLIN web interface was developed to support user friendly queries of viral vaccines.

Discussion

Viral vaccines were systematically collected and annotated in the VIOLIN vaccine knowledgebase, and the analysis of these viral vaccines identified many insightful patterns.
Accounting for retarded weathering products in comparing methods for quantifying carbon dioxide removal in a short-term enhanced weathering study
Authors: te Pas Emily E. E. M. , Chang Elliot , Marklein Alison R. , Comans Rob N. J. , Hagens Mathilde
Published: February 2025

Various approaches are currently used to quantify the carbon dioxide removal (CDR) associated with enhanced weathering (EW), which involves amending soils with crushed silicate minerals. We aimed to contribute to the development of a standardized procedure for CDR quantification by complementing the results of a recently published soil column experiment, in which crushed olivine, wollastonite, and albite were added to soils, with total fusion ICP-OES analyses of base cation concentrations. CDR quantified by soil-based mass balance approaches was only comparable to leachate-based total alkalinity measurements after correcting for the weathering products that were retained within the soil profile, which we defined as the retarded fraction. The retarded fraction comprised 92.7–98.3% of the weathered cations, indicating that at least in our short-term study (64 days), the majority of weathering products were retained within the soil. Further investigation of the fate of retarded weathering products showed that small portions precipitated as carbonate minerals (up to 34.0%) or adsorbed to reactive surfaces, such as soil organic matter and clay minerals (up to 32.5%). Hence, a large portion of weathering products may be retained in the soil due to strong adsorption and/or further mineral precipitation reactions (31.6–92.7%), with potentially important implications for the quantification of CDR across time. We conclude that soil-based mass balance approaches are useful in quantifying weathering rates and can infer potential CDR; however, the actual CDR realized for a given time and depth interval can only be constrained after accounting for the retarded fraction.
Future aerial sustainable and environment-friendly transport using stratospheric platforms
Authors: Periola Ayodele A. , Laseinde Opeyeolu Timothy , Ogidan Olugbenga K.
Published: February 2025

Technological advances play an important role in future transport. Currently, assets such as fossil-fuel-based terrestrial vehicles, hybrid terrestrial vehicles and non–fossil fuel-based terrestrial vehicles are used in logistics. However, the use of terrestrial and aerial logistic assets faces challenges from cargo theft and hijacking. The occurrence of cargo theft and hijacking degrades the resilience of the organizational supply chain. It is important to reduce the success of cargo theft, and organizational loss. The presented research proposes the use of stratosphere based platform for cargo transport to reduce cargo theft and hijacking. The use of stratosphere based platforms is beneficial as its host geographical location, the stratosphere is significantly inaccessible to rogue elements. In addition, stratosphere utilization results in reduced cargo transport time due to the reduced air resistance. The proposed research presents the cargo intelligent network architecture which demonstrates how using stratospheric platforms for cargo transport solutions can address this challenge. Performance evaluation results show that using the proposed mechanism instead of the existing mechanism enhances the number of completed trips and reduces carbon emissions. The number of trips is enhanced by 50.4% on average. The carbon emissions is reduced by 89.6% on average.
Assessment of platelet-to-white blood cell ratio on short-term mortality events in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure: evidence from a cohort study from Jiangxi, China
Authors: Huang Xin , Kuang Maobin , Qiu Jiajun , Wang Chao , Sheng Guotai , Zou Yang , Xie Guobo
Published: February 2025

Objective

Platelet-to-white blood cell ratio (PWR) as a comprehensive indicator of inflammatory response has been widely used to assess the prognosis of various diseases. However, the relationship between PWR and adverse outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between PWR and all-cause mortality within 30 days of hospitalization in ADHF patients from Jiangxi, China.

Methods

A total of 1,453 ADHF patients from the Jiangxi-ADHF study1 cohort were included. The primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality within 30 days of hospitalization. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, restricted cubic spline regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were employed to explore the association between the inflammatory marker PWR and all-cause mortality in ADHF patients within 30 days of hospitalization.

Results

During the 30-day observation period, a total of 53 subjects experienced mortality events. Multivariable Cox regression showed a negative correlation between PWR and all-cause mortality within 30 days of hospitalization in ADHF patients. Restricted cubic spline regression demonstrated an L-shaped association between PWR and 30-day mortality risk (p for nonlinear = 0.038). Further threshold analysis revealed a threshold point for PWR at 15.88, where a decrease in PWR below this threshold was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (p for log-likelihood ratio test = 0.046). Additionally, the results of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that PWR had high predictive accuracy for mortality events within 30 days of hospitalization in ADHF patients and is significantly better than the traditional HF marker N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (AUC: NT-proBNP 0.69, PWR 0.76; Delong test P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that compared to subjects with reduced or moderately reduced ejection fraction, ADHF patients with preserved ejection fraction had a lower risk of short-term mortality associated with PWR (HR:0.99 vs. 0.98 vs. 0.87, P for interaction = 0.0067).

Conclusion

This study reveals, for the first time, a negative correlation between the inflammatory marker PWR and all-cause mortality within 30 days of hospitalization in ADHF patients. Based on the threshold analysis findings, patients with ADHF and a PWR below 15.88 had a significantly higher risk of death within 30 days.
Weight loss-independent changes in human growth hormone during water-only fasting: a secondary evaluation of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Horne Benjamin D. , Anderson Jeffrey L. , May Heidi T. , Bair Tami L. , Le Viet T. , Iverson Leslie , Knowlton Kirk U. , Muhlestein Joseph B.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Water-only fasting for one day or more may provide health benefits independent of weight loss. Human growth hormone (HGH) may play a key role in multiple fasting-triggered mechanisms. Whether HGH changes during fasting are independent of weight loss and how basal HGH and HGH change relate to other fasting-induced changes are unknown.

Methods

Apparently healthy individuals (N=30) were randomized by Latin square to begin two days with either 24-hour water-only fasting or a control of 24-hour ad libitum eating. On day 2, subjects were crossed over to control (if day 1 was fasting) or fasting (if they ate on day 1). HGH, weight, and other parameters were measured at baseline and at the end of the first and second days.

Results

Baseline HGH had median 0.50 ng/mL for females (n=20) and 0.04 ng/mL for males (n=10), and correlated inversely with weight, glucose, insulin, and triglycerides and positively with changes in insulin and HOMA-IR. The 24-hour fasting-induced HGH change was uncorrelated with weight loss (r= 0.01, p=0.98), but correlated with changes in glucose, HGB, and IGF-1. The percent increase in HGH was greater (p<0.001) for lower (females ≤0.15 ng/mL, males ≤0.05 ng/mL) vs. higher baseline HGH (median: 1,225% vs. 50.3%, respectively). Subjects with lower baseline HGH had a trend to greater reduction of HOMA-IR (median: -6.15 vs. -1.35 for lower vs. higher HGH, respectively, p=0.08).

Conclusions

Fasting increased HGH and the HGH changes were independent of weight loss. Basal HGH and fasting-induced HGH changes correlated inversely with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT01059760.
CD109, a master regulator of inflammatory responses
Authors: Batal Adel , Garousi Setareh , Finnson Kenneth W. , Philip Anie
Published: February 2025

Inflammation is a complex response to harmful stimuli, crucial for immunity, and linked to chronic diseases and cancer, with TGF-β and NF-κB pathways as key regulators. CD109 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein, that our group has originally identified as a TGF-β co-receptor and inhibitor of TGF-β signaling. CD109 modulates TGF-β and NF-κB pathways, to influence immune responses and inflammation. CD109’s multifaceted role in inflammation spans various tissue types, including the skin, lung, bone and bone-related tissues, and various types of cancers. CD109 exerts its effects by modulating processes such as cytokine secretion, immune cell recruitment, macrophage polarization, T helper cell function and cancer cell phenotype and function. Here, we review CD109’s regulatory functions in inflammatory responses in these various tissues and cell types. Exploration of CD109’s mechanisms of action will enhance our understanding of its contributions to disease pathology and its potential for therapeutic applications.
Commensal bacteria education history calibrates the naivety and activation threshold of adaptive antiviral immune system
Authors: Li Baohua , Sha Zhou , Mou Li , Zhang Feng , Jia Lifeng , Zhu Yan , Guo Yan , Deng Guohong , Wu Haibo , Wei Hong , Wu Yuzhang , Ye Lilin , Liu Changjiang , Li Jian , Zhang Yanyan
Published: February 2025

Exhaustion of the immune system’s ability to adapt to novelty suggests that the changes it undergoes might be a consequence of an evolutionary unpredictable antigenic exposure over a lifetime. Thus, we raise the question of whether a naive immune system can manage new antigens better than an educated immune system. Here, by employing the naive immune system of germ-free (GF) mice without a history of microbial exposure, we compared their adaptive immune responses with those of the conventional (Conv) mice upon new viral infection. Interestingly, the naive GF immune system showed robust T-cell responses, with more potent memory T cells established for long-term protection, even in the condition of primary lower T-cell levels for naive GF mice. Furthermore, we found that the ABX-treated Conv mice showed impaired T-cell responses, compared with the untreated Conv ones. With the microbiota eliminated, the ABX mice still have a history of microbial exposure and education for their immune system. In summary, commensal bacteria education history calibrates the naivety and the activation threshold of the adaptive antiviral immune system.
The role of short-chain fatty acid in metabolic syndrome and its complications: focusing on immunity and inflammation
Authors: Yu Wenqian , Sun Siyuan , Fu Qiang
Published: February 2025

Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular, liver, neurological, and reproductive diseases. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), an organismal energy donor, has recently been demonstrated in an increasing number of studies to be an important molecule in ameliorating immuno-inflammation, an important causative factor of Mets, and to improve lipid distribution, blood glucose, and body weight levels in animal models of Mets. This study reviews recent research advances on SCFA in Mets from an immune-inflammatory perspective, including complications dominated by chronic inflammation, as well as the fact that these findings also contribute to the understanding of the specific mechanisms by which gut flora metabolites contribute to metabolic processes in humans. This review proposes an emerging role for SCFA in the inflammatory Mets, followed by the identification of major ambiguities to further understand the anti-inflammatory potential of this substance in Mets. In addition, this study proposes novel strategies to modulate SCFA for the treatment of Mets that may help to mitigate the prognosis of Mets and its complications.
Quantitative N-glycoproteomic analysis reveals glycosylation signatures of plasma immunoglobulin G in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Cheng Lu , Li Yanhong , Zhou Yu , Ling Yingying , Wu Tong , Liang Zongan , Wu Yinlan , Tan Chunyu , Liu Yi , Zhang Yong
Published: February 2025

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a perplexing autoimmune disorder, characterized by mysterious causes, high mortality rates, and a lack of effective treatments. The role of abnormal glycosylation in the onset of autoimmune diseases has been recognized for some time. Nonetheless, the intricate details of intact glycopeptides in SSc remain elusive owing to challenges in their detection. In this study, we characterized plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) intact N-glycopeptides from 30 SSc patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs) via our recently developed intact glycopeptide analysis method GlycoQuant. Through this approach, twelve differentially expressed intact N-glycopeptides were identified. The correlation of specific intact N-glycopeptides with the clinical features of SSc patients was analyzed. The results revealed a notable increase in the levels of 6 intact N-glycopeptides (IgG2-N3H3F1, IgG2-N3H4F1, IgG2-N4H4F1, IgG2-N4H5F1, IgG2-N5H4F1, and IgG2-N5H5F1) and a decrease in the levels of another set of 6 intact N-glycopeptides (IgG1-N4H3F1, IgG2-N3H6F1A1, IgG2-N4H4F1A1, IgG2-N5H3F1, IgG3-N4H3F1, and IgG3-N4H4F1). These changes in the levels of intact N-glycopeptides are associated with various aspects of SSc, including diffuse SSc (dSSc), interstitial lung disease (ILD), disease progression, cardiovascular involvement and C-reactive protein in the peripheral blood. In summary, this study offers a detailed overview of the intact N-glycopeptide profile in the peripheral blood of patients with SSc, providing valuable insights that could propel further research into SSc.
The role of natural exosomes from SHED-MSC in immunoregulation of M0/M1 polarized macrophage cells
Authors: Fallah Ali , Hosseinzadeh Colagar Abasalt , Khosravi Ayyoob , Mohammad-Hasani Azadeh , Saeidi Mohsen
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Exosomes (EXOs) as a targeted cell-free therapy could offer a new therapeutic strategy for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, due to their stability and ease of storage and handling. This study focused on exosomes derived from stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED-MSC-EXOs) and their role in managing the balance of immunoregulatory macromolecules that play a role in the underlying immunoregulatory mechanisms in THP-1-derived M0/M1 macrophage cells.

Methods

Flow cytometry confirmed the expression of CD14, CD68, CD80, and CD86 markers in these macrophages. Following morphological and survival assessments, culture supernatants from SHED-MSCs were used to isolate exosomes. Once the exosomes were verified, Calcein AM-labeled EXOs were introduced to the macrophage cells. The immunoregulatory macromolecules were assessed by analyzing surface markers, cytokine production, and pro- and antioxidant activity.

Results

Macrophages treated with exosomes exhibited immunomodulatory effects akin to those treated with dexamethasone. The levels of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant markers, including CD206, Arg-1, IL-10, TGF-β, TAC, CAT, and SOD, which act as immunosuppressive macromolecules, were elevated. In contrast, there was a reduction in pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant markers, including CD80, CD81, IL-6R, IL-12, TNF-α, MDA, and NO, which act as immunostimulatory macromolecules (P < 0.05).

Discussion

The findings suggest that exosomes derived from SHED-MSC can skew M0/M1 macrophages to the M2 phenotype and inhibit M1 polarization. These nanovesicles, with their distinct physical properties and ability to penetrate target cells, may prove beneficial in conditions involving the depletion of M2 macrophages and M1 macrophage-induced diseases, potentially aiding in the reduction of inflammation and tissue injury.
Towards CO2 emissions reduction of shipping: Ca(OH)2 based carbon capture system for safeguarding the marine environment
Authors: Bortuzzo Valentina , Bertagna Serena , Braidotti Luca , Bucci Vittorio
Published: February 2025

Climate change poses a global challenge related to the reduction of pollutant atmospheric emissions and the maritime transportation sector is directly involved, due to its significant impact on the production of Greenhouse Gases and other substances. While established technologies have effectively targeted emissions like Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) and Sulfur Oxides (SOX), the persistence of Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions represents an ongoing and significant concern. Novel technologies targeting CO2 reduction have been lately studied and proposed for inland applications, and are now being developed for maritime applications. With this regard, the present study explores the potential of Carbon Capture Systems (CCS) to mitigate CO2 emissions produced by cargo ships. While the implementation of CCS faces challenges, including space limitations and logistical complexities, its possible integration onboard marks a significant step in the fight against climate change. The authors propose an innovative approach using a Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 based CCS, offering the dual benefit of CO2 reduction and the potential resolution of ocean acidification through Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), the final product resulting from the CO2 capture process. Additionally, the study examines the feasibility of the generated product for reuse in industry, promoting a circular economy and addressing environmental issues. This innovative solution underscores the urgent need for transformative measures to reduce maritime emissions, in line with efforts to safeguarding the marine environment and combat climate change.