bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circumbinary discs for stellar population models
Authors: Izzard Robert G , Jermyn Adam S
Published: October 2022

We develop a rapid algorithm for the evolution of stable, circular, circumbinary discs suitable for parameter estimation and population synthesis modelling. Our model includes disc mass and angular momentum changes, accretion on to the binary stars, and binary orbital eccentricity pumping. We fit our model to the post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) circumbinary disc around IRAS 08544−4431, finding reasonable agreement despite the simplicity of our model. Our best-fitting disc has a mass of about $0.01\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ and angular momentum $2.7\times 10^{52}\, \mathrm{g}\, \mathrm{cm}^{2}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}\simeq 9 \,\mathrm{M}_{\odot }\, \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}\, \mathrm{au}$, corresponding to 0.0079 and 0.16 of the common-envelope mass and angular momentum, respectively. The best-fitting disc viscosity is αdisc = 5 × 10−3 and our tidal torque algorithm can be constrained such that the inner edge of the disc Rin ∼ 2a. The inner binary eccentricity reaches about 0.13 in our best-fitting model of IRAS 08544−4431, short of the observed 0.22. The circumbinary disc evaporates quickly when the post-AGB star reaches a temperature of $\sim \! 6\times 10^4\, \mathrm{K}$, suggesting that planetismals must form in the disc in about $10^{4}\, \mathrm{yr}$ if secondary planet formation is to occur, while accretion from the disc on to the stars at ∼10 times the inner-edge viscous rate can double the disc lifetime.
The Traspena meteorite: heliocentric orbit, atmospheric trajectory, strewn field, and petrography of a new L5 ordinary chondrite
Authors: Andrade Manuel , Docobo José Á , García-Guinea Javier , Campo Pedro P , Tapia Mar , Sánchez-Muñoz Luis , Villasante-Marcos Víctor , Peña-Asensio Eloy , Trigo-Rodríguez Josep M , Ibáñez-Insa Jordi , Campeny Marc , Llorca Jordi
Published: October 2022

The Traspena meteorite fell on 2021 January 18 about 20 km south-east of the city of Lugo (Galiza, Spain), shortly after a huge and bright fireball crossed the sky for 4.84 s. Astrometric measurements obtained from the fireball cameras of the Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) as well as from many casual videos were used to determine the atmospheric trajectory of this meteoroid which penetrated the atmosphere and generated sound waves that were detected at three seismic stations. The original meteoroid had a diameter of about 1.15 m and a mass around 2620 kg. It impacted the Earth’s atmosphere with a steep entry angle of about 76${_{.}^{\circ}}$7 from a height of 75.10 km until fading away at 15.75 km with a velocity of 2.38 km s−1. Before the impact, this small asteroid was orbiting the Sun with a semimajor axis of 1.125 au, a moderate eccentricity of 0.386, and a low inclination of 4${_{.}^{\circ}}$55. A weak evidence of dynamic link with the PHA (Potential Hazardous Asteroid) Minos was investigated. During the atmospheric entry, two major fragmentation events occurred between heights of 35 and 29 km at aerodynamic pressures between 1 and 5 MPa. The strewn field was computed after calculating the individual dark flights of the main body along with two smaller fragments. Fortunately, 2 month after the superbolide, a 527-g meteorite was found. It was examined using several geochemical and petrographic analyses which allowed us to classify it as a moderately shocked (S3) L5 ordinary chondrite with a bulk density of 3.25 g cm−3.
Smoke on the wind: dust nucleation in the archetype colliding-wind pinwheel WR 104
Authors: Soulain A , Lamberts A , Millour F , Tuthill P , Lau R M
Published: October 2022

A handful of binary Wolf–Rayet stars are known to harbour spectacular spiral structures spanning a few hundred astronomical units. These systems host some of the highest dust production rates in the Universe and are therefore interesting candidates for addressing the origin of the enigmatic dust excess observed across galactic evolution. The substantial interaction between the winds of a Wolf–Rayet star and its companion constitutes a unique laboratory in which to study the mechanisms of dust nucleation in a hostile environment. Using the grid-based ramses code, we investigate this problem by performing a 3D hydrodynamic simulation of the inner region of the prototypical spiral nebula around WR 104. We then process the ramses results using the radiative transfer code RADMC3d to generate a candidate observable scene. This allows us to estimate the geometrical parameters of the shocked region. We link these quantities to the specific chemical pathway for dust nucleation, where the hydrogen-rich companion’s wind catalyses dust formation. The scaling laws we derive constitute a unique tool that can be directly compared with observations. Depending on the dust nucleation locus, the velocity field reveals a differential wind speed, implying that the initial dust speed could be more balanced between the speeds of the two stellar winds ($\sim$1600 km s–1). With RA DMC3d, we provide constraints on the dust nucleation radius for different combinations of the dust-to-gas ratio, hydrogen fraction, and dust grain properties. Finally, our models reveal that dust may escape beyond the boundaries of the spiral owing to hydrodynamical instabilities in the wind collision zone.
Possible effects of dietary advanced glycation end products on maternal and fetal health: a review
Authors: Demirer Büşra , Samur Gülhan
Published: October 2022

Excessive accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the body has been associated with many adverse health conditions. The common point of the pathologies associated at this point is oxidative stress and inflammation. Pregnancy is an important period in which many physiological, psychological, and biological changes are experienced. Along with the physiological changes that occur during this period, the mother maintaining an AGE-rich diet may cause an increase in the body's AGE pool and may increase oxidative stress and inflammation, as seen in healthy individuals. Studies have reported the negative effects of maternal AGE levels on maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. Although gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, endothelial dysfunction, and pelvic diseases constitute maternal complications, a number of pathological conditions such as intrauterine growth retardation, premature birth, neural tube defect, neurobehavioral developmental disorders, fetal death, and neonatal asphyxia constitute fetal complications. It is thought that the mechanisms of these complications have not been confirmed yet and more clinical studies are needed on this subject. The possible effects of dietary AGE levels during pregnancy on maternal and fetal health are examined in this review.
Current insights into posttranscriptional regulation of fleshy fruit ripening
Authors: Wang Weihao , Wang Yuying , Chen Tong , Qin Guozheng , Tian Shiping
Published: October 2022

Fruit ripening is a complicated process that is accompanied by the formation of fruit quality. It is not only regulated at the transcriptional level via transcription factors or DNA methylation but also fine-tuned after transcription occurs. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of key regulatory mechanisms of fleshy fruit ripening after transcription. We mainly highlight the typical mechanisms by which fruit ripening is controlled, namely, alternative splicing, mRNA N6-methyladenosine RNA modification methylation, and noncoding RNAs at the posttranscriptional level; regulation of translation efficiency and upstream open reading frame-mediated translational repression at the translational level; and histone modifications, protein phosphorylation, and protein ubiquitination at the posttranslational level. Taken together, these posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms, along with transcriptional regulation, constitute the molecular framework of fruit ripening. We also critically discuss the potential usage of some mechanisms to improve fruit traits.
Therapists’ experiences of remotely delivering cognitive-behavioural or graded-exercise interventions for fatigue: a qualitative evaluation
Authors: Bennett Sarah E , Almeida Celia , Bachmair Eva-Maria , Gray Stuart R , Lovell Karina , Paul Lorna , Wearden Alison , Macfarlane Gary J , Basu Neil , Dures Emma
Published: October 2022

Objective

Fatigue is a challenging feature of all inflammatory rheumatic diseases. LIFT (Lessening the Impact of Fatigue in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: a randomized Trial) included remotely delivered personalized exercise programme (PEP) or cognitive-behavioural approach (CBA) interventions. The aim of this nested qualitative evaluation was to understand rheumatology health professionals’ (therapists’) perspectives of delivering the interventions in the LIFT trial.

Methods

A subgroup of therapists who had delivered the personalized exercise programme (PEP) and cognitive-behavioural approach (CBA) interventions took part in semi-structured telephone interviews.

Results

Seventeen therapists (13 women and 4 men) who delivered PEP (n = 8) or CBA (n = 9) interventions participated. Five themes were identified. In ‘The benefits of informative, structured training’, therapists described how they were able to practice their skills, and the convenience of having the LIFT manual for reference. When ‘Getting into the swing of it’, supporting patients gave therapists the confidence to tailor the content of the manual to each patient. Clinical supervision supported therapists to gain feedback and request assistance when required. In ‘Delivering the intervention’, therapists reported that patients valued the opportunity to talk about their fatigue and challenge their beliefs. In ‘Challenges in delivering the LIFT intervention’, therapists struggled to work in partnership with patients who lacked motivation or stopped engaging. Finally, in ‘LIFT developing clinical skills’, therapists gained confidence and professional satisfaction, seeing patients’ fatigue improve over time.

Conclusion

The findings support the provision of training for rheumatology health professionals to remotely deliver fatigue-management interventions. Insights from these trials can be used to better improve clinical practice and service provision.
Analyses of plasma inflammatory proteins reveal biomarkers predictive of subsequent development of giant cell arteritis: a prospective study
Authors: Wadström Karin , Jacobsson Lennart T H , Mohammad Aladdin J , Warrington Kenneth J , Matteson Eric L , Jakobsson Magnus E , Turesson Carl
Published: October 2022

Objective

To investigate the relation between biomarkers of inflammation and subsequent development of GCA.

Method

Participants in the population-based Malmö Diet Cancer Study (MDCS; N = 30 447), established 1991–96, who were subsequently diagnosed with GCA, were identified in a structured process. GCA-free controls, matched for sex, year of birth and year of screening were selected from the study cohort. Baseline plasma samples were analysed using the antibody-based OLINK proteomics inflammation panel (92 inflammatory proteins). Analyses were pre-designated as hypothesis-driven or hypothesis-generating. In the latter, principal component analysis was used to identify groups of proteins that explain the variance in the proteome. Within components selected based on eigenvalues, proteins with a factor loading of >0.50 were investigated.

Results

Ninety-four cases with a confirmed incident diagnosis of GCA (median 11.9 years after inclusion) were identified. Among biomarkers with a priori hypotheses, IFN-γ was positively associated with GCA [odds ratio (OR) per s.d. 1.52; 95% CI 1.00, 2.30]. Eight biomarkers in the hypothesis-generating analyses were significantly associated with development of GCA. Among these, higher levels of IFN-γ (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.14, 4.92) and monocyte chemotactic protein 3 (MCP3) (OR 4.27; 95% CI 1.26, 14.53) were particularly associated with increased risk of GCA in the subset sampled <8.5 years before diagnosis. Several other proteins known to be important for T cell function were also associated with GCA in these analyses, e.g. CXCL9, IL-2, CD40 and CCL25.

Conclusion

Elevated IFN-γ levels were found years prior to diagnosis of GCA. T cell activation may precede the clinical onset of GCA.
A variation on Empedocles’ Sphere—values, interests, knowledge and resource in strategic philanthropy and the impact of oscillating forces of harm and duty
Authors: McKay Jon
Published: October 2022

There are a variety of legal and technical considerations when establishing and maintaining philanthropic structures for internationally mobile individuals and their families. Alignment of structures with the philanthropist and their family requires an understanding of their values, interests, knowledge and resources. Borrowing from the Greek Philosopher and Poet, Empedocles, and passing via Sesame Street, set out below is a framework for practitioners and advisers to ensure that philanthropic action, philanthropist and structure are aligned from the outset and throughout irrespective of jurisdiction, philanthropic aims or motivations.
Molecular and functional characterization of an evolutionarily conserved CREB‐binding protein in the LymnaeaCNS
Authors: Hatakeyama Dai , Sunada Hiroshi , Totani Yuki , Watanabe Takayuki , Felletár Ildikó , Fitchett Adam , Eravci Murat , Anagnostopoulou Aikaterini , Miki Ryosuke , Okada Ayano , Abe Naoya , Kuzuhara Takashi , Kemenes Ildikó , Ito Etsuro , Kemenes György
Published: October 2022

In eukaryotes, CREB‐binding protein (CBP), a coactivator of CREB, functions both as a platform for recruiting other components of the transcriptional machinery and as a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that alters chromatin structure. We previously showed that the transcriptional activity of cAMP‐responsive element binding protein (CREB) plays a crucial role in neuronal plasticity in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. However, there is no information on the molecular structure and HAT activity of CBP in the Lymnaea central nervous system (CNS), hindering an investigation of its postulated role in long‐term memory (LTM). Here, we characterize the Lymnaea CBP (LymCBP) gene and identify a conserved domain of LymCBP as a functional HAT. Like CBPs of other species, LymCBP possesses functional domains, such as the KIX domain, which is essential for interaction with CREB and was shown to regulate LTM. In‐situ hybridization showed that the staining patterns of LymCBP mRNA in CNS are very similar to those of Lymnaea CREB1. A particularly strong LymCBP mRNA signal was observed in the cerebral giant cell (CGC), an identified extrinsic modulatory interneuron of the feeding circuit, the key to both appetitive and aversive LTM for taste. Biochemical experiments using the recombinant protein of the LymCBP HAT domain showed that its enzymatic activity was blocked by classical HAT inhibitors. Preincubation of the CNS with such inhibitors blocked cAMP‐induced synaptic facilitation between the CGC and an identified follower motoneuron of the feeding system. Taken together, our findings suggest a role for the HAT activity of LymCBP in synaptic plasticity in the feeding circuitry.
Recent advances in cell‐based and cell‐free therapeutic approaches for sarcopenia
Authors: Wu Shiqiang , Lin Shu , Zhang Xiaolu , Alizada Mujahid , Wang Liangmin , Zheng Yiqiang , Ke Qingfeng , Xu Jie
Published: October 2022

Sarcopenia is a progressive loss of muscle mass and function that is connected with increased hospital expenditures, falls, fractures, and mortality. Although muscle loss has been related to aging, injury, hormonal imbalances, and diseases such as malignancies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, and kidney failure, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of sarcopenia are unclear. Exercise‐based interventions and multimodal strategies are currently being considered as potential therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat these diseases. Although drug therapy research is ongoing, no drug has yet been proven to have a substantial safety and clinical value to be the first drug therapy to be licensed for sarcopenia. To better understand the molecular alterations underlying sarcopenia and effective treatments, we review leading research and available findings from the systemic change to the muscle‐specific microenvironment. Furthermore, we explore possible mechanisms of sarcopenia and provide new knowledge for the development of novel cell‐free and cell‐based therapeutics. This review will assist researchers in developing better therapies to improve muscle health in the elderly.
Generation of a genetically modified pig model with CREBRFR457Q variant
Authors: Li Yingying , Wang Hai , Chen Huangyao , Liao Yuan , Gou Shixue , Yan Quanmei , Zhuang Zhenpeng , Li Hao , Wang Jiaowei , Suo Yangyang , Lan Ting , Liu Yang , Zhao Yu , Zou Qingjian , Nie Tao , Hui Xiaoyan , Lai Liangxue , Wu Donghai , Fan Nana
Published: October 2022

Obesity is among the strongest risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The CREBRF missense allele rs373863828 (p. Arg457Gln, p. R457Q) is associated with increased body mass index but reduced risk of T2D in people of Pacific ancestry. To investigate the functional consequences of the CREBRF variant, we introduced the corresponding human mutation R457Q into the porcine genome. The CREBRFR457Q pigs displayed dramatically increased fat deposition, which was mainly distributed in subcutaneous adipose tissue other than visceral adipose tissue. The CREBRFR457Q variant promoted preadipocyte differentiation. The increased differentiation capacity of precursor adipocytes conferred pigs the unique histological phenotype that adipocytes had a smaller size but a greater number in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of CREBRFR457Q variant pigs. In addition, in SAT of CREBRFR457Q pigs, the contents of the peroxidative metabolites 4‐hydroxy‐nonenal and malondialdehyde were significantly decreased, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, was increased, which was in accordance with the declined level of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CREBRFR457Q pigs. Together, these data supported a causal role of the CREBRFR457Q variant in the pathogenesis of obesity, partly via adipocyte hyperplasia, and further suggested that reduced oxidative stress in adipose tissue may mediate the relative metabolic protection afforded by this variant despite the related obesity.
Enabling flourishing: novel approaches in palliative medicine for children with advanced kidney disease
Authors: House Taylor R. , Wightman Aaron
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review

Paediatric kidney disease results in considerable burden on children and their families. Paediatric palliative care is a holistic, family-centred care approach intended to enable flourishing and address the many impediments to life participation which advanced kidney disease can impose. To date, palliative care resources have been underutilized in paediatric nephrology. This review will highlight recent literature targeting the engagement and life participation of children with advanced kidney disease through implementation of novel palliative care approaches and propose directions for future research.

Recent findings

Children with advanced kidney disease and their families highly value incorporation of their perspectives, particularly on life participation, within care plan development; but what it means to participate in life can be variable, and clinicians need improved tools to ascertain and incorporate these perspectives. Novel palliative care interventions developed for application in comparable disease states offer potential opportunities for paediatric nephrologists to support this goal.

Children with advanced kidney disease and their families will benefit from incorporation of their perspectives and values, facilitated by palliative interventions.
Anxiety Sensitivity Among Trauma-Exposed Non-Hispanic Black Adults
Authors: Zvolensky Michael J. , Shepherd Justin M. , Clausen Bryce K. , Kabel Katherine E. , Kauffman Brooke Y. , Garey Lorra , McGrew Shelby J. , Vujanovic Anka A.
Published: October 2022

The non-Hispanic Black population experiences trauma-related disparities. One potentially important individual difference construct for posttraumatic stress is anxiety sensitivity. There is limited work on anxiety sensitivity among non-Hispanic Black persons, and no research has focused on this construct in terms of posttraumatic stress among this population. This study sought to build on this limited knowledge by exploring whether this construct was uniquely associated with more severe posttraumatic stress among this population. Participants included non-Hispanic Black trauma-exposed adults (N = 121; M
age = 21.79 years). Results indicated that anxiety sensitivity was related to more severe overall posttraumatic stress and greater severity of each posttraumatic stress symptom cluster; all effects were evident after adjusting for the variance accounted for by age, sex, education, subjective social status, neuroticism, and number of traumatic event types experienced (lifetime). The study provides the first empirical evidence that, among a trauma-exposed non-Hispanic Black sample of adults, anxiety sensitivity is related to more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms. This intraindividual difference factor could be a focus of intervention programming for this trauma disparity population.
THE UNDERREPORTING OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES IN PEDIATRIC CRANIOMAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA –A 20 YEAR RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Xun Helen , Lopez Christopher D. , Chen Jonlin , Lee Erica , Dorafshar Amir H. , Manson Paul N. , Groves Mari , Redett Richard J. , Lopez Joseph
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUD:

Despite clinical concerns associated with pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), they remain grossly underreported. This is the first retrospective study to characterize concomitant pediatric TBI and CMF trauma patients, including frequency, presentation, documentation, and outcomes.

METHODS:

An IRB-approved retrospective cohort study was performed to identify all pediatric patients presenting with CMF fractures at a high volume, tertiary trauma center between the years 1990 and 2010. Patient charts were reviewed for demographic information, presentation, operative management, length of stay, mortality at two years, dentition, CMF fracture patterns, and concomitant TBIs. Data was analyzed using two-tailed Student’s t-tests and chi square analysis. A P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:

Of the 2966 pediatric CMF trauma patients identified and included for analysis (mean age of 7 ± 4.7 years old, predominantly Caucasian [59.8%], and male [64.0%]), 809 had concomitant TBI (frequency of 27.3%). Only 1.6% of the TBI cases were documented in charts. Mortality at two years, length of stay in hospital, and time to follow up significantly increased from mild to severe TBIs. Concomitant TBI were more common with skull & upper third fractures than CMF trauma without TBI (81.8% vs 61.1%, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Concomitant TBI injuries were present in a significant number of pediatric CMF trauma cases but was not documented for most cases. Craniomaxillofacial surgeons should survey all pediatric CMF trauma patients for TBI and manage with neurology and/or neurosurgery teams. Future prospective studies are necessary to characterize and generate practice guiding recommendations.
Development and Validation of the VA Lung Cancer Mortality (VALCAN-M) Score for 90-Day Mortality Following Surgical Treatment of Clinical Stage I Lung Cancer
Authors: Heiden Brendan T. , Eaton Daniel B. , Brandt Whitney S. , Chang Su-Hsin , Yan Yan , Schoen Martin W. , Patel Mayank R. , Kreisel Daniel , Nava Ruben G. , Meyers Bryan F. , Kozower Benjamin D. , Puri Varun
Published: October 2022

Objective:

The aim was to develop and validate the Veterans Administration (VA) Lung Cancer Mortality (VALCAN-M) score, a risk prediction model for 90-day mortality following surgical treatment of clinical stage I nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Background:

While surgery remains the preferred treatment for functionally fit patients with early-stage NSCLC, less invasive, nonsurgical treatments have emerged for high-risk patients. Accurate risk prediction models for postoperative mortality may aid surgeons and other providers in optimizing patient-centered treatment plans.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study using a uniquely compiled VA data set including all Veterans with clinical stage I NSCLC undergoing surgical treatment between 2006 and 2016. Patients were randomly split into derivation and validation cohorts. We derived the VALCAN-M score based on multivariable logistic regression modeling of patient and treatment variables and 90-day mortality.

Results:

A total of 9749 patients were included (derivation cohort: n=6825, 70.0%; validation cohort: n=2924, 30.0%). The 90-day mortality rate was 4.0% (n=390). The final multivariable model included 11 factors that were associated with 90-day mortality: age, body mass index, history of heart failure, forced expiratory volume (% predicted), history of peripheral vascular disease, functional status, delayed surgery, American Society of Anesthesiology performance status, tumor histology, extent of resection (lobectomy, wedge, segmentectomy, or pneumonectomy), and surgical approach (minimally invasive or open). The c statistic was 0.739 (95% CI=0.708–0.771) in the derivation cohort.

Conclusions:

The VALCAN-M score uses readily available treatment-related variables to reliably predict 90-day operative mortality. This score can aid surgeons and other providers in objectively discussing operative risk among high-risk patients with clinical stage I NSCLC considering surgery versus other definitive therapies.
Intraoperative Adverse Events, Technical Performance, and Surgical Outcomes in Laparoscopic Radical Surgery for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Liu Zhi-Yu , Chen Qi-Yue , Zhong Qing , Li Ping , Xie Jian-Wei , Wang Jia-Bin , Lin Jian-Xian , Lu Jun , Cao Long-Long , Lin Mi , Huang Chang-Ming , Zheng Chao-Hui
Published: October 2022

Objective:

To verify an intraoperative adverse event (iAE) classification (ClassIntra grade) to evaluate quality control and to predict the prognostic performance of laparoscopic radical surgery for gastric cancer.

Background:

Surgical quality control is a key factor in the evaluation of surgical treatment for tumors. And, there is no recognized iAE classification for gastric cancer.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective post hoc analysis of previously collected data from the FUGES-001 study (NCT02327481) and a subset of the CLASS-01 study (NCT01609309). Patients were classified into the iAE and non-iAE groups. And iAE was further classified into 5 subgrades according to the ClassIntra grade (with I–V severity categories). Technical performance was evaluated using the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills tool and the Generic Error Rating Tool.

Results:

Overall, 528 gastric cancer patients were included in this study, with 105 patients (19.9%) in the iAE group and 423 (80.1%) in the non-iAE group. The survival curve showed that the overall, disease-specific, and recurrence-free survival of the non-iAE group were significantly better than those of the iAE group (P=0.001). The prognosis of patients with ClassIntra grade ≥II was significantly worse than that of patients with ClassIntra grade ≤I. A higher ClassIntra grade, lower Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills score, and total gastrectomy were independent risk factors for severe postoperative complications. There was a significant increase in bleeding (grade IV) and injury with splenic hilar lymph node dissection during total gastrectomy.

Conclusions:

The ClassIntra grade is an effective prognostic and surgical quality control index for laparoscopic radical surgery for gastric cancer; therefore, it could be included in routine hospital care and surgical quality control.
The mouse allantois: new insights at the embryonic–extraembryonic interface
Authors: Downs Karen M.
Published: October 2022

During the early development of Placentalia, a distinctive projection emerges at the posterior embryonic–extraembryonic interface of the conceptus; its fingerlike shape presages maturation into the placental umbilical cord, whose major role is to shuttle fetal blood to and from the chorion for exchange with the mother during pregnancy. Until recently, the biology of the cord's vital vascular anlage, called the body stalk/allantois in humans and simply the allantois in rodents, has been largely unknown. Here, new insights into the development of the mouse allantois are featured, from its origin and mechanism of arterial patterning through its union with the chorion. Key to generating the allantois and its critical functions are the primitive streak and visceral endoderm, which together are sufficient to create the entire fetal–placental connection. Their newly discovered roles at the embryonic–extraembryonic interface challenge conventional wisdom, including the physical limits of the primitive streak, its function as sole purveyor of mesoderm in the mouse, potency of visceral endoderm, and the putative role of the allantois in the germ line. With this working model of allantois development, understanding a plethora of hitherto poorly understood orphan diseases in humans is now within reach.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom’.
Evolutionary divergence of embryo implantation in primates
Authors: Siriwardena Dylan , Boroviak Thorsten E.
Published: October 2022

Implantation of the conceptus into the uterus is absolutely essential for successful embryo development. In humans, our understanding of this process has remained rudimentary owing to the inaccessibility of early implantation stages. Non-human primates recapitulate many aspects of human embryo development and provide crucial insights into trophoblast development, uterine receptivity and embryo invasion. Moreover, primate species exhibit a variety of implantation strategies and differ in embryo invasion depths. This review examines conservation and divergence of the key processes required for embryo implantation in different primates and in comparison with the canonical rodent model. We discuss trophectoderm compartmentalization, endometrial remodelling and embryo adhesion and invasion. Finally, we propose that studying the mechanism controlling invasion depth between different primate species may provide new insights and treatment strategies for placentation disorders in humans.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom’.
Embryonic specializations for vertebrate placentation
Authors: Whittington Camilla M. , Buddle Alice L. , Griffith Oliver W. , Carter Anthony M.
Published: October 2022

The vertebrate placenta, a close association of fetal and parental tissue for physiological exchange, has evolved independently in sharks, teleost fishes, coelacanths, amphibians, squamate reptiles and mammals. This transient organ forms during pregnancy and is an important contributor to embryonic development in both viviparous and oviparous, brooding species. Placentae may be involved in transport of respiratory gases, wastes, immune molecules, hormones and nutrients. Depending on the taxon, the embryonic portion of the placenta is comprised of either extraembryonic membranes (yolk sac or chorioallantois) or temporary embryonic tissues derived via hypertrophy of pericardium, gill epithelium, gut, tails or fins. These membranes and tissues have been recruited convergently into placentae in several lineages. Here, we highlight the diversity and common features of embryonic tissues involved in vertebrate placentation and suggest future studies that will provide new knowledge about the evolution of pregnancy.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom’.
Deinococcus betulae sp. nov. and Deinococcus arboris sp. nov., novel bacteria isolated from bark of birch tree (Betula platyphylla)
Authors: Bae Seokhyeon , Kang Heeyoung , Kim Haneul , Joh Kiseong
Published: October 2022

Two reddish-coloured bacterial strains (HMF7604T and HMF7620T) were isolated from bark of birch tree (Betula platyphylla) together with two strains (designed as HMF7603 and HMF7618). Cells were observed to be Gram-stain-negative, oval- to short rod-shaped and non-motile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the four isolates belonged to the genus

Deinococcus

, family

Deinococcaceae

. They had the highest similarities (95.4–95.6 %) to

Deinococcus multiflagellatus

ID1504T, with which they formed a clade in phylogenetic trees. Menaquinone-8 was the only respiratory quinone. The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
 ω7c and/or C16 : 1
 ω6c), C15 : 1
 ω6c, C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. Strain HMF7604T contained two unidentified phosphoglycolipids, nine unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified aminolipid, three unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified polar lipids, while strain HMF7620T contained one unidentified phosphoglycolipid, four unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified polar lipid. The DNA G+C contents of strains HMF7604T and HMF7620T were 65.6 and 65.7 mol%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between the two isolates and their close relative

D. multiflagellatus

were 81.1–95.3 and 24.5–61.6 %, respectively. Based on the results of phenotypic and phylogenetic characterizations, the four isolates are considered to represent two novel species of the genus

Deinococcus

, for which the names Deinococcus betulae sp. nov. and Deinococcus arboris sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are HMF7604T (=KCTC 43354T=NBRC 115489T) and HMF7620T (=KCTC 43051T=NBRC 113959T).
Metallosphaera javensis sp. nov., a novel species of thermoacidophilic archaea, isolated from a volcanic area
Authors: Hofmann Marika , Norris Paul R. , Malik Luise , Schippers Axel , Schmidt Gert , Wolf Jacqueline , Neumann-Schaal Meina , Hedrich Sabrina
Published: October 2022

A novel thermoacidophilic archeaon, strain J1T (=DSM 112778T,=JCM 34702T), was isolated from a hot pool in a volcanic area of Java, Indonesia. Cells of the strain were irregular, motile cocci of 1.0–1.2 µm diameter. Aerobic, organoheterotrophic growth with casamino acids was observed at an optimum temperature of 70 °C in a range of 55–78 °C and at an optimum pH of 3 in a range of 1.5 to 5. Various organic compounds were utilized, including a greater variety of sugars than has been reported for growth of other species of the genus. Chemolithoautotrophic growth was observed with reduced sulphur compounds, including mineral sulphides. Ferric iron was reduced during anaerobic growth with elemental sulphur. Cellular lipids were calditoglycerocaldarchaeol and caldarchaeol with some derivates. The organism contained the respiratory quinone caldariellaquinone. On the basis of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic comparison with its closest relatives, it was concluded that strain J1T represents a novel species, for which the name Metallosphaera javensis is proposed. Low DNA–DNA relatedness values (16S rRNA gene <98.4%, average nucleotide identity (ANI) <80.1%) distinguished J1T from other species of the genus

Metallosphaera

and the DNA G+C content of 47.3% is the highest among the known species of the genus.
INCREASING DIVERSITY AMONGLENSSPECIES FOR IMPROVING BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION IN LENTIL
Authors: Vargas Ana , Gorim Linda Y. , Bett Kirstin E.
Published: October 2022

Exotic germplasm is a key resource for reintroducing genetic variability into cultivars. We evaluated 36 accessions from cultivated lentil (Lens culinarisMedik.) and six related wild species, inoculated with a commercial strain ofRhizobium leguminosarumbv.viciaeunder greenhouse conditions. The objective was to exploreLensspecies and/or accessions that could contribute higher biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) ability to the lentil crop. A split plot design was used with eitherRhizobiuminoculation, added Nitrogen (N) or neither, as the main plots, and accessions in subplots randomized in blocks. Two repeats of the experiment were evaluated at flowering for N fixation and nodulation characters, and two subsequent experiments, with a subset of 14 accessions, were evaluated at maturity for seed production, seed quality and harvest index. Differences in phenotypic expression did not correspond to any particularLensspecies. CDC Greenstar exhibited some of the highest N fixation values observed among the cultivars and also superior yield results compared to the added N treatment. Wild accessions, including IG 72643 (L. orientalis), displayed unique and multiple desirable characteristics compared to cultivars including indeterminate nodulation, higher N translocation, stable yield compared to added N treatment and exceptionally high protein concentration in seeds.
Aerial survey perspectives on humpback whale resiliency in Maui Nui, Hawai’i, in the face of an unprecedented North Pacific marine warming event
Authors: Mobley Joseph R. , Deakos Mark H. , Pack Adam A. , Bortolotto Guilherme A.
Published: October 2022

After decades of population growth, the central stock of the North Pacific population of humpback whales, known as the Hawai’i Distinct Population Segment (HDPS), was delisted from its endangered status in 2016. At that time, however, an unprecedented heating event, the “Pacific Marine Heatwave” (PMH) was already underway. The PMH coincided with reports of major declines of sightings of humpback whales, including calves of the year, on both the Hawaiian wintering grounds and the feeding grounds of Southeast Alaska. To examine the resiliency of the Hawai’i Distinct Population Segment, we conducted aerial surveys of the high-density Maui Nui region immediately following the PMH event in 2019 and 2020, using distance sampling methods identical to those used in an earlier series (1993 to 2003). Results showed whale densities at or above those seen earlier, with mean density for 2020 highest overall. Crude birth rates (% groups containing a calf) were similarly comparable to those recorded in the earlier series, with an increase from 2019 to 2020. Overall, results suggest the central North Pacific humpback whale population stock to be resilient in the face of this major climatic event.
The integrity of dopaminergic and noradrenergic brain regions is associated with different aspects of late-life memory performance
Authors: Dahl Martin J. , Bachman Shelby L. , Dutt Shubir , Düzel Sandra , Bodammer Nils C. , Lindenberger Ulman , Kühn Simone , Werkle-Bergner Markus , Mather Mara
Published: October 2022

Researchers have identified changes in dopaminergic neuromodulation as playing a key role in adult memory decline. Facilitated by technical advancements, recent research has also implicated noradrenergic neuromodulation in shaping late-life memory performance. However, it is not yet clear whether these two neuromodulators have distinct roles in age-related cognitive changes.

Combining longitudinal high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the dopaminergic substantia nigra–ventral tegmental area (SN–VTA) and the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) in younger (n = 69) and older adults’ (n = 251), we found that dopaminergic and noradrenergic integrity are differentially associated with individual differences in memory performance. While LC integrity was related to better episodic memory across several memory tasks, SN–VTA integrity was linked to working memory.

Moreover, consistent with their dense interconnection and a largely shared biosynthesis, dopaminergic and noradrenergic brain regions’ integrity were positively related, and correlated with medial temporal lobe volumes. Longitudinally, we found that older age was associated with more-negative change in SN– VTA and LC integrity (time point 1–time point 2; mean delay ∼1.9 years). Importantly, changes in LC integrity reliably predicted future episodic memory performance (at time point 3).

These findings support the feasibility of in-vivo indices for catecholaminergic integrity with potential clinical utility, given the degeneration of both neuromodulatory systems in several age-associated diseases. Moreover, they highlight differential roles of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neuromodulatory nuclei in late-life cognitive decline.
Diving Behavior Reveals Humidity Sensing Ability of Water Deprived Planarians
Authors: Pei Yu , Qian Renzhi , yan Yuan , Zhang Yixuan , Tan Liyuan , Li Xinran , Lu Chenxu , Chen Yuxuan , Chi Yuanwei , Hao Kun , Xu Zhen , Yang Guang , Shao Zilun , Wang Yuhao , Huang Kaiyuan
Published: October 2022

Humidity sensing ability is crucial to terrestrial animals for fitting the environment. Researchers made great progress in recent study about humidity sensing mechanisms of terrestrial animals. However, it is poorly understood whether humidity sensing exists in aquatic animals. Here, we demonstrate that the aquatic planarians, one of the primitive forerunners of later animals, has the ability of humidity sensing and is capable of using the ability to perceive the water beneath itself from a drought place to seek survival. The behavior we discovered is described as diving because the worms twist its body to break away from the mucus that make them adhere to the drought place and drop into the water. The behavior is triggered by rapidly increasing humidity. This finding suggests that humidity sensing ability exists in the lower aquatic animals, and the ability might be used to seek for water when aquatic animals are facing desiccation. The finding also suggests that survival-seeking and decision-making behavior have appeared in the primitive planarian worms.
Solving Anscombe’s Quartet using a Transfer Learning Approach
Authors: Bu Kevin , Clemente Jose
Published: October 2022

Analysis of high-dimensional datasets often involves usage of summary statistics, one of which is the correlation coefficient. These values are then used to inform downstream analysis, whether in feature selection or in subsequent construction of networks and heatmaps. Condensing pairwise scatterplots into these singular values however, often results in a loss of information. Originally proposed by F. J. Anscombe in his famous ‘Anscombe’s Quartet,’ this phenomenon has been canonically used to demonstrate the importance of plotting and the limitations of summary statistics such as correlation or variance [F.J. Anscombe, (1973)American Statistician. 27 (1), 17-21]. While numerous methods exist for the generation of visually distinct datasets that share similar summary statistics, the converse has not been extensively studied. To address this gap, we propose ICLUST (Image CLUSTering), an image classifier tool that can visually distinguish correlations with similar summary statistics in simulations and identify meaningful clusters in real data. Such a tool can potentially benefit those performing exploratory analysis or feature selection in a complementary fashion by identifying relationships between variables that traditional summary metrics cannot provide.

Significance Statement

Distilling large-scale, multidimensional datasets via analysis of pairwise relationships often employs a single value to describe the relationship between variables. However, as demonstrated through simulations, such summarization fails to retain the nuances of the data. Characteristics such as the type of relationship (linear versus nonlinear, etc.) and the spread of the data are commonly lost when using correlations. Here we propose a transfer learning framework, borrowing from image clustering and classification software, to visually classify graphs. We apply our method towards separation of scatterplots with similar correlation statistics but visually distinctive patterns in both simulations and real data, demonstrating its broad applicability.
Early-life sleep disruption impairs subtle social behaviors during pair bond formation in prairie voles: A computer vision study
Authors: Bueno-Junior Lezio S. , Jones-Tinsley Carolyn E. , Wickham Peyton T. , Watson Brendon O. , Lim Miranda M.
Published: October 2022

Early life sleep disruption (ELSD) has been shown to have long lasting effects on social behavior in adult prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), including impaired expression of pair bond behavior during partner preference testing (e.g., reduced huddling with a pair bonded partner). However, due to the limitations of manual behavior tracking, the behavioral effects of ELSD across the entire time course of pair bond formation have not yet been described, hindering our ability to trace mechanisms. Here, we used computer vision to precisely track multiple behaviors during opposite-sex cohabitation of prairie voles. Male-female pairs were allowed to interact through a mesh divider in the home cage for 72 h, providing variables of body direction, distance-to-divider, and locomotion speed, with temporal resolution as high as the video frame rate (20-25 Hz). We found that control males displayed periodic, stereotyped patterns of body orientation towards females during pair bond formation. In contrast, ELSD males showed reduced duration and ultradian periodicity of these body orientation behaviors towards females. Furthermore, in both sexes, ELSD altered stereotypical spatial and temporal patterns of locomotion seen in control animals that typically varied across days of cohabitation and light/dark periods. This study highlights the utility of computer vision in deep characterization of subtle behaviors and allows a more comprehensive behavioral assessment of the profound and persistent effects of ELSD on later life social behavior. Our findings may shed light on causal mechanisms underlying human neurodevelopmental disorders featuring sleep disruption and social deficits, such as autism spectrum disorder.
Bayesball: Bayesian Integration in Professional Baseball Batters
Authors: Brantley Justin A. , Körding Konrad P.
Published: October 2022

Pitchers in baseball throw the ball with such high velocity and varying movement that batters only have a few hundred milliseconds to estimate whether to swing and how high to swing. Slight deviations in the contact point on the ball can result in weakly hit balls that do not result in opportunities for batters to score. Even before the pitcher releases the ball, the batter has some belief (an estimated distribution–a ‘prior’), of where the ball may land in the strike zone. Batters will update this prior belief with information from observing the pitch (the ‘likelihood’) to calculate their final estimate (the ‘posterior’). These models of behavior, called Bayesian models within movement science, predict that players will estimate a final ball position by combining prior information with observation of the pitch in a way that weights each information source relative to the uncertainty. Here we test this model using data from more than a million samples from professional baseball. Moreover, as predicted by a Bayesian model, we show that a batter’s estimate of where to swing is biased towards the prior when prior information is available (‘pitch tipping’), and biased towards the likelihood in the case of pitches with high movement uncertainty. These results demonstrate that Bayesian ideas are relevant well beyond laboratory experiments and matter for real-world movements.