bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteomic analysis of the mango anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides treated with borate highlights distinct mitochondrial response mechanisms
Authors: He S. T. , Chen T. T. , Xu X. B. , Zhang Z. K. , Song H. C. , Song H. M. , Meng L. H. , Zhou P. , Shi X. Q.
Published: June 2019

Mango anthracnose caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides results in substantial economic losses in postharvest fruits. Borate is an effective fungicide against C. gloeosporioides. It appears to induce mitochondrial degradation and dysfunction in the fungal conidia, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of borate on this pathogen by examining its mitochondrial proteins, which were extracted from C. gloeosporioides mycelium after borate treatment (5 or 10 mm potassium tetraborate for 48 and 72 h) and characterized using proteomic analysis (two‐dimensional electrophoresis, 2‐DE; and mass spectrometry, MS) and bioinformatics. In total, 600 protein spots were separated by 2‐DE, and 115 of these appeared to be differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Among the DEPs, 58 were identified using MALDI‐TOF‐TOF MS/MS. Borate treatment was found to alter the expression levels of proteins involved in seven different metabolic pathways, mostly related to energy supply and/or biosynthesis. The effect of borate on mRNA expression levels of 17 genes involved in these metabolic pathways was confirmed by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR). The results suggest that borate might have distinct effects on mitochondrial function in C. gloeosporioides and could be used to control anthracnose in postharvest mango fruits.
Causative agent, diagnosis and management of white spot disease in shrimp: A review
Authors: Dey Bipul K. , Dugassa Girsha H. , Hinzano Sheban M. , Bossier Peter
Published: June 2019

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the pathogen behind white spot disease (WSD) in shrimp and many other crustaceans. It is a highly contagious virus capable of causing total mortality in 3–10 days of outbreak in normal culture conditions. Since the first report of occurrence in China and Taiwan between 1991 and 1992, WSD outbreak caused tremendous losses at farm level throughout the world. Most of the published reviews on WSSV emphasize advanced genetic studies and biosecurity measures in terms of disease management. Recently, some new technologies such as greenhouse, polyculture, biofloc and minimal water exchange have been proposed for WSD management, which is the trigger for this review. However, further research is needed on those new technologies enhancing their efficient application.
Growth differentiation factor‐9 improves development, mitochondrial activity and meiotic resumption of sheep oocytes after in vitro culture of secondary follicles
Authors: Monte Alane P. O. , Santos Jamile M. , Menezes Vanúzia G. , Gouveia Bruna B. , Lins Thae L. B. G. , Barberino Ricássio S. , Oliveira Joãozito L. , Donfack Nathalie J. , Matos Maria Helena T.
Published: June 2019

This study analysed the effect of growth differentiation factor‐9 (GDF‐9) on the in vitro culture of isolated ovine secondary follicles. The follicles were cultured in α‐MEM supplemented with BSA, insulin, glutamine, hypoxanthine, transferrin, selenium, ascorbic acid and FSH (α‐MEM+—control medium) or α‐MEM+ supplemented with 1, 10, 50 or 100 ng/ml GDF‐9. Next, the oocytes were destined to in vitro maturation (IVM). After 12 days of culture, there were no differences regarding the percentage of normal follicles, antrum formation and follicle diameter between the treatments (p > 0.05). The rates of fully grown oocytes (≥110 µm) were higher (p < 0.05) in 100 ng/ml GDF‐9 than other treatments, except for 10 ng/ml of GDF‐9 (p > 0.05). Treatment containing 100 ng/ml GDF‐9 showed higher (p < 0.05) mitochondrial activity than the control group. Moreover, 100 ng/ml GDF‐9 showed more oocytes in MI than α‐MEM+, 1 or 50 ng/ml GDF‐9 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, 100 ng/ml GDF‐9 increased the growth, mitochondrial function and meiotic resumption of oocytes from in vitro grown sheep secondary follicles.
Impact of data averaging strategies on V̇O2max assessment: Mathematical modeling and reliability
Authors: Martin‐Rincon Marcos , González‐Henríquez Juan José , Losa‐Reyna José , Perez‐Suarez Ismael , Ponce‐González Jesús Gustavo , de La Calle‐Herrero Jaime , Perez‐Valera Mario , Pérez‐López Alberto , Curtelin David , Cherouveim Evgenia D. , Morales‐Alamo David , Calbet Jose A. L.
Published: June 2019

Background

No consensus exists on how to average data to optimize O2max assessment. Although the O2max value is reduced with larger averaging blocks, no mathematical procedure is available to account for the effect of the length of the averaging block on O2max.

Aims

To determine the effect that the number of breaths or seconds included in the averaging block has on the O2max value and its reproducibility and to develop correction equations to standardize O2max values obtained with different averaging strategies.

Methods

Eighty‐four subjects performed duplicate incremental tests to exhaustion (IE) in the cycle ergometer and/or treadmill using two metabolic carts (Vyntus and Vmax N29). Rolling breath averages and fixed time averages were calculated from breath‐by‐breath data from 6 to 60 breaths or seconds.

Results

O2max decayed from 6 to 60 breath averages by 10% in low fit (O2max < 40 mL kg−1 min−1) and 6.7% in trained subjects. The O2max averaged from a similar number of breaths or seconds was highly concordant (CCC > 0.97). There was a linear‐log relationship between the number of breaths or seconds in the averaging block and O2max (R2 > 0.99, P < 0.001), and specific equations were developed to standardize O2max values to a fixed number of breaths or seconds. Reproducibility was higher in trained than low‐fit subjects and not influenced by the averaging strategy, exercise mode, maximal respiratory rate, or IE protocol.

Conclusions

The O2max decreases following a linear‐log function with the number of breaths or seconds included in the averaging block and can be corrected with specific equations as those developed here.
Morphological phylogeny and classification of Winthemiini (Diptera: Tachinidae: Exoristinae)
Authors: Lopes André C. , de Carvalho Claudio J. B. , Nihei Silvio S.
Published: June 2019

Winthemiini is a worldwide tribe in the subfamily Exoristinae (Diptera: Tachinidae) with 200 species in 16 genera. We confirm the monophyly of Winthemiini and examine relationships among the constituent genera based on a parsimonious analysis of adult morphological characters for 53 species representing 12 out of 16 currently recognized Winthemiini genera. As a result, Winthemiini is divided into three major clades, with relationships as follows: ((Rhaphiochaeta [Ossidingia, Nemorilla]) ((Hemisturmia [Avibrissosturmia, Triodontopyga]) ([Smidtia, Winthemia])). A revised classification system for Winthemiini is proposed, recognizing 12 genera. Four new synonymies are proposed – Diotrephes and Chesippus as junior synonyms of Smidtia, and Hemisturmiella and Parachetolyga as junior synonyms of Winthemia – along with four new combinations: Winthemia brasiliana (Guimarães) comb.n., W. metopia (Bischof) comb.n., Smidtia atriventris (Walker) comb.n., and S. notialis (Reinhard) comb.n.
Cost of managing severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions to first‐line tuberculosis therapy in South Africa
Authors: Knight Lauren K. , Lehloenya Rannakoe J. , Sinanovic Edina , Pooran Anil
Published: June 2019

Objective

To compare the cost of managing treatment‐limiting cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) to first‐line anti‐tuberculosis drugs to an alternative strategy of immediate treatment initiation using second‐line drugs in a South African setting.

Methods

Clinical and cost data were retrospectively collected from patients presenting with a first‐line anti‐tuberculosis therapy‐associated CADR. Costs (2016 US$) were estimated using an ingredient’s approach from a healthcare provider perspective. The per‐patient and total cost of drug rechallenge, the current management strategy for severe CADR, was calculated. Alternative strategies involving second‐line treatment were derived from literature and expert clinical advice.

Results

Drug rechallenge costs US $5831 (95% CI: 5134–6527) per patient. Hospitalisation accounted for 62% of this cost. Alternative CADR management strategies using regimens containing rifabutin, bedaquiline and/or delamanid cost 44%–55% less than drug rechallenge (US $2651–US $3276/patient). In univariate sensitivity analyses, drug rechallenge and alternative strategies were most sensitive to hospitalisation and tuberculosis drug costs, respectively.

Conclusion

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions to anti‐tuberculosis treatment represent a significant economic burden. An alternate strategy of outpatient‐initiated second‐line therapy is economically feasible but requires clinical validation to assess effectiveness.
Point of care ultrasound: does the presence of ascites in severe pre‐eclampsia correlate with poor maternal and neonatal outcome?
Authors: Mbonyizina Celestin , Ntirushwa David , Bazzett‐Matabele Lisa , Ntasumbumuyange Diomede , Rulisa Stephen , Magriples Urania
Published: June 2019

Objective

Ascites in severe pre‐eclampsia may impact foetal and maternal outcomes. The objective was to determine the prevalence of ascites in women with severe pre‐eclampsia by point of care (POC) ultrasound and to determine whether it correlates with higher perinatal risks.

Methods

Prospective cohort study of patients admitted with severe pre‐eclampsia at 2 teaching hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda. Serial POC ultrasound was performed to document ascites. Patients were stratified by the presence of ascites in perinatal period. Maternal demographics and complications were recorded and compared between groups.

Results

There were 112 patients with severe pre‐eclampsia, and ascites was found in 53.5% (76.7% antepartum, and 23.3% postpartum). Antepartum ascites correlated with an earlier delivery (32.2 ± 0.51 vs. 33.8 ± 0.47 weeks, P = 0.022) as well as lower birthweight (1587.3 ± 77.03 vs. 2011.6 ± 103.5 g, P = 0.002). Antepartum ascites was associated with higher stillbirth rates (P = 0.034) and NICU admission (87.2% vs. 68%, P = 0.034). Maternal hospital stay was increased in the ascites group (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Ascites is common in severe pre‐eclampsia in Rwanda and maybe a prognosticator for poor outcomes. A larger sample is necessary to determine whether ascites is independently associated with maternal morbidity and mortality and whether documenting its presence aids in the management of the foetus and mother.
Effectiveness of a large‐scale handwashing promotion intervention on handwashing behaviour in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Wichaidit Wit , Biswas Shwapon , Begum Farzana , Yeasmin Farzana , Nizame Fosiul Alam , Najnin Nusrat , Leontsini Elli , Winch Peter J. , Unicomb Leanne , Luby Stephen P. , Ram Pavani K.
Published: June 2019

Objective

The behavioural effect of large‐scale handwashing promotion programmes has been infrequently evaluated, and variation in the effect over time has not been described. We assess the effect of a large‐scale handwashing promotion programme on handwashing outcomes in a community setting in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods

We analysed data from a cluster‐randomised trial that included three arms: vaccine‐and‐behaviour‐change intervention (VBC), vaccine‐only (V) and no intervention (Control). Data collectors randomly selected different subsets of households each month during the study period and assessed: (i) temporal variation in availability of soap and water at handwashing place; (ii) the use of water and soap by participants when asked to demonstrate handwashing, and; (iii) handwashing behaviour according to structured observation. We used log‐binomial regression analyses to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals and compare outcomes by study arms.

Results

Data collectors surveyed 9325 households over 28 months. In VBC, there was a significant positive trend on availability of water and soap from baseline to 9 months after the start of the intervention (P‐for‐trends <0.001), and no significant trend during months 10–28 (P‐for‐trend = 0.297). In the entire study period, availability of water and soap was higher in VBC (43%) than in V (23%) (PR = 1.92; CI = 1.72, 2.15) and Control (28%) (PR = 1.53; CI = 1.38, 1.69) households. There were no differences between study arms with regard to use of soap during handwashing demonstrations. Observed handwashing with soap after toilet use was higher in VBC (17%) than in V (8%) (PR = 1.47, CI = 0.58, 3.75) and Control (2%) (PR = 3.47, CI = 0.48, 23.33) groups. At other possible pathogen transmission events, the prevalence of handwashing with soap was ≤3%.

Conclusion

VBC households maintained soap and water for handwashing, but the prevalence of observed handwashing was low in all study arms. The results underscore the need to strengthen scalable behaviour change approaches.
Does genetic variability in weeds respond to non‐chemical selection pressure in arable fields?
Authors: Darmency H
Published: June 2019

At a time when herbicide use is being challenged by the selection of herbicide‐resistant weeds, reliance on other, innovative weed control strategies is becoming increasingly necessary. However, one may question the sustainability of these novel farming practices if weeds adapt rapidly to these non‐chemical selection pressures. Although farmers and agronomists impose many selective processes through farming practices, there is a paucity of literature demonstrating these selection cases in arable fields. In contrast to the relatively simple case of herbicide resistance, random trait association and variability in selection pressures in field conditions could explain why there are so few clear examples of adaptive processes to non‐chemical control in arable fields.
Leptospira detection in flood‐prone environment of Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Widiyanti Dian , Djannatun Titiek , Astuti Ike Irmawati Purbo , Maharsi Eri Dian
Published: June 2019

The study about Leptospira, particularly pathogenic strain, was conducted in the flood‐prone area in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. The aim of this study was to discover and identify the serovars of pathogenic Leptospira in the environment, which might infect human during flooding. Seventy‐three samples, consisted of 36 samples of environmental water and 37 samples of soil, were collected from 5 districts of Jakarta. Their pH was measured, and the samples were then cultured in a modified Korthof's medium with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) addition. Polymerase chain reaction, targeted on 23S rDNA (rrl), FlaB and LipL32 genes, was performed to identify Leptospira genus and differentiate the pathogenic. Identification of the pathogenic Leptospira was done utilising DNA sequencing. Seven samples showed amplification of rrl‐gene. flaB and lipl32‐PCR assay indicated one positive amplification band, each. Confirmation of flaB and lipl32 amplicons by DNA sequencing and BLAST analysis showed flaB amplicon (G1B; GenBank accession number MK006031.1) had 94% similarity with L. licerasiae (LC005426.1), while lipl32 amplicon was not identified as lipl32 of Leptospira. Based on those results, one intermediate pathogenic and six saprophytic Leptospira were obtained from the environment in Jakarta.
High Thermoregulatory Strain During Competitive Paratriathlon Racing in the Heat
Authors: Stephenson Ben T. , Hoekstra Sven P. , Tolfrey Keith , Goosey-Tolfrey Victoria L.
Published: June 2019

Purpose: Paratriathletes may display impairments in autonomic (sudomotor and/or vasomotor function) or behavioral (drinking and/or pacing of effort) thermoregulation. As such, this study aimed to describe the thermoregulatory profile of athletes competing in the heat. Methods: Core temperature (Tc) was recorded at 30-second intervals in 28 mixed-impairment paratriathletes during competition in a hot environment (air temperature = 33°C, relative humidity = 35%–41%, and water temperature = 25°C–27°C), via an ingestible temperature sensor (BodyCap e-Celsius). Furthermore, in a subset of 9 athletes, skin temperature was measured. Athletes’ wetsuit use was noted while heat illness symptoms were self-reported postrace. Results: In total, 22 athletes displayed a Tc ≥ 39.5°C with 8 athletes ≥40.0°C. There were increases across the average Tc for swim, bike, and run sections (P ≤ .016). There was no change in skin temperature during the race (P ≥ .086). Visually impaired athletes displayed a significantly greater Tc during the run section than athletes in a wheelchair (P ≤ .021). Athletes wearing a wetsuit (57% athletes) had a greater Tc when swimming (P ≤ .032), whereas those reporting heat illness symptoms (57% athletes) displayed a greater Tc at various time points (P ≤ .046). Conclusions: Paratriathletes face significant thermal strain during competition in the heat, as evidenced by high Tc, relative to previous research in able-bodied athletes and a high incidence of self-reported heat illness symptomatology. Differences in the Tc profile exist depending on athletes’ race category and wetsuit use.
Mobility Improvements Are Found in Older Veterans After 6 Months of Gerofit Regardless of Body Mass Index Classification
Authors: Addison Odessa , Serra Monica C. , Katzel Leslie , Giffuni Jamie , Lee Cathy C. , Castle Steven , Valencia Willy M. , Kopp Teresa , Cammarata Heather , McDonald Michelle , Oursler Kris A. , Jain Chani , Bettger Janet Prvu , Pearson Megan , Manning Kenneth M. , Intrator Orna , Veazie Peter , Sloane Richard , Li Jiejin , Morey Miriam C.
Published: June 2019

Veterans represent a unique population of older adults, as they are more likely to self-report a disability and be overweight or obese compared with the general population. We sought to compare changes in mobility function across the obesity spectrum in older veterans participating in 6 months of Gerofit, a clinical exercise program. A total of 270 veterans (mean age: 74 years) completed baseline, 3-, and 6-month mobility assessments and were divided post hoc into groups: normal weight, overweight, and obese. The mobility assessments included 10-m walk time, 6-min walk distance, 30-s chair stands, and 8-foot up-and-go time. No significant weight × time interactions were found for any measure. However, clinically significant improvements of 7–20% were found for all mobility measures from baseline to 3 months and maintained at 6 months (all ps < .05). Six months of participation in Gerofit, if enacted nationwide, appears to be one way to improve mobility in older veterans at high risk for disability, regardless of weight status.
Comparing Cognitive Control Performance During Seated Rest and Self-Paced Cycling on a Desk Bike in Preadolescent Children
Authors: Ruiter Margina , Eielts Charly , Loyens Sofie , Paas Fred
Published: June 2019

Background: Although active workstations, such as desk bikes, have proven to be beneficial for health, there is limited information regarding their effects on children’s acute cognitive performance during self-paced exercise. Methods: This study used a within-subjects, fully counterbalanced design with a sample of 38 preadolescent children (mean age = 12.50 y, SD = 0.62; 43% male), who performed cognitive tests while being seated or while cycling for 45 minutes with a 7-day interval. Effects of using a desk bike were evaluated on cognitive control: verbal and visuospatial working memory capacities were tested, and inhibition was assessed using a modified flanker task. In addition, subjective task experience was explored using self-report measures. Results: Cognitive control performance was not degraded but also not improved with the short-term use of desk bikes. Because of the null effects, there is no direction and magnitude of the outcomes to discuss. Conclusions: These findings suggest that schools can successfully implement desk bikes to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary time among children without compromising cognitive control processes necessary for academic achievement.
Reciprocal Relationships Between Efficacy and Performance in Athlete Dyads: Self-, Other-, and Collective Constructs
Authors: Habeeb Christine M. , Eklund Robert C. , Coffee Pete
Published: June 2019

This study’s purpose was to evaluate the unique contributions of self-, other-, and collective constructs in the efficacy–performance reciprocal relationship for athlete dyads involving low- and high-dependence roles. Data were obtained from 74 intact cheerleading pairs on self-, other-, and collective efficacy and subjective performance evaluations for each of 5 successive trials. Objective assessments of dyad performances were obtained from digital recordings. Across path models involving a single efficacy construct, similar reciprocal relationships between objective dyad performance and self-, other-, or collective efficacy were observed. In path models composed of multiple efficacy or performance constructs, unique efficacy contributions were observed in the prediction of objective dyad performance, and unique subjective performance contributions were observed in the prediction of efficacy beliefs. Partner effects were observed more often for athletes in the high-dependence role than for those in the low-dependence role. Findings support how self-, other-, and collective beliefs are processed by team athletes.
Ultrahydrophobic 3D/2D fluoroarene bilayer-based water-resistant perovskite solar cells with efficiencies exceeding 22%
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Akin Seckin , Pan Linfeng , Uchida Ryusuke , Arora Neha , Milić Jovana V. , Hinderhofer Alexander , Schreiber Frank , Uhl Alexander R. , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Hagfeldt Anders , Dar M. Ibrahim , Grätzel Michael
Published: June 2019

Ultrahydrophobic 2D layer renders 22% perovskite solar cells moisture resistant.
Interleukin-17 receptor D: An orphan receptor finds a home in the skin
Authors: Billi Allison C. , Gudjonsson Johann E.
Published: June 2019

Interleukin-17 receptor D (IL-17RD) heterodimerizes with IL-17RA to form a receptor selective for the cytokine IL-17A. (See the related Research Article by

Su
et al.

)
Characterization and Clinical Significance of Natural Variability in Hepatitis B Virus Reverse Transcriptase in Treatment-Naive Chinese Patients by Sanger Sequencing and Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Fu Ya , Zeng Yongbin , Chen Tianbin , Chen Huijuan , Lin Ni , Lin Jinpiao , Liu Xiaofeng , Huang Er , Wu Songhang , Wu Shu , Xu Siyi , Wang Long , Ou Qishui
Published: June 2019

Mutations in hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcriptase (RT) are associated with nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) resistance during long-term antiviral treatment. However, the characterization of mutations in HBV RT in untreated patients has not yet been well illustrated. The objective of this study was to investigate the characterization and clinical significance of natural variability in HBV RT in treatment-naive patients.
Reaching the End of the Line: Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Tamadonfar Kevin O. , Omattage Natalie S. , Spaulding Caitlin N. , Hultgren Scott J.
Published: June 2019

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) cause a substantial health care burden. UTIs (i) are most often caused by uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(UPEC), (ii) primarily affect otherwise healthy females (50% of women will have a UTI), (iii) are associated with significant morbidity and economic impact, (iv) can become chronic, and (v) are highly recurrent. A history of UTI is a significant risk factor for a recurrent UTI (rUTI). In otherwise healthy women, an acute UTI leads to a 25 to 50% chance of rUTI within months of the initial infection. Interestingly, rUTIs are commonly caused by the same strain of
E. coli
that led to the initial infection, arguing that there exist host-associated reservoirs, like the gastrointestinal tract and underlying bladder tissue, that can seed rUTIs. Additionally, catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTI), caused by
Enterococcus
and
Staphylococcus
as well as UPEC, represent a major health care concern. The host’s response of depositing fibrinogen at the site of infection has been found to be critical to establishing CAUTI. The Drug Resistance Index, an evaluation of antibiotic resistance, indicates that UTIs have become increasingly difficult to treat since the mid-2000s. Thus, UTIs are a “canary in the coal mine,” warning of the possibility of a return to the preantibiotic era, where some common infections are untreatable with available antibiotics. Numerous alternative strategies for both the prevention and treatment of UTIs are being pursued, with a focus on the development of vaccines and small-molecule inhibitors targeting virulence factors, in the hopes of reducing the burden of urogenital tract infections in an antibiotic-sparing manner.
Fatigue in childhood chronic disease
Authors: Nap-van der Vlist Merel M , Dalmeijer Geertje W , Grootenhuis Martha A , van der Ent Cornelis K , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M , Wulffraat Nico M , Swart Joost F , van Litsenburg Raphaële R L , van de Putte Elise M , Nijhof Sanne L
Published: June 2019

Background and objectives

Recently, in adults, the incidence and severity of fatigue was found to exist rather independently from the somatic diagnosis. Since fatigue is distressing when growing up with a chronic disease, we aim to investigate: (1) the prevalence and extent of fatigue among various paediatric chronic diseases and (2) the effect of fatigue on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Design and setting

Cross-sectional study in two children’s hospitals.

Patients

Children and adolescents 2–18 years of age with cystic fibrosis, an autoimmune disease or postcancer treatment visiting the outpatient clinic.

Outcome measures

Fatigue and HRQoL were assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) multidimensional fatigue scale (with lower scores indicating more fatigue) and PedsQL generic core scales, respectively. Linear regression analysis and analysis of covariance were used to compare fatigue scores across disease groups and against two control groups. The effect of fatigue on HRQoL was calculated. Data were adjusted for age, sex and reporting method.

Results

481 children and adolescents were assessed (60% participation rate, mean age 10.7±4.9, 42% men). Children and adolescents with chronic disease reported more fatigue than the general population (mean difference −6.6, 95% CI −8.9 to –4.3 (range 0–100)), with a prevalence of severe fatigue of 21.2%. Fatigue scores did not differ significantly between disease groups on any fatigue domain. Fatigue was associated with lower HRQoL on all domains.

Conclusions

Fatigue in childhood chronic disease is a common symptom that presents across disease, age and sex groups. Fatigue affects HRQoL. Our findings underscore the need to systematically assess fatigue. Future studies should determine possible biological and psychosocial treatment targets.
Gerstmann syndrome complicating polycythemia secondary to anabolic steroid use
Authors: Long Nina , Bassi Satnaam , Pepito Don , Akhondi Hossein
Published: June 2019

Anabolic steroid use is prevalent among athletes and bodybuilders. There are known cardiovascular, reproductive, musculoskeletal and neuropsychiatric risks associated with their prolonged use. Although there have been very few documented cases of strokes associated with anabolic steroid use, cardiomyopathy and secondary erythropoiesis can increase the risk of strokes in users with no other risk factors. We present a 49-year-old man with left parietal ischaemic stroke with haemorrhagic conversion resulting in Gerstmann syndrome secondary to a hypercoagulable state from chronic anabolic steroid use.
Standard reference values of the postural control in healthy young female adults in Germany: an observational study
Authors: Ohlendorf Daniela , Doerry Charlotte , Fisch Vanessa , Schamberger Sebastian , Erbe Christina , Wanke Eileen M , Groneberg David A
Published: June 2019

Objective

Many people of all ages suffer from vertigo due to different reasons. The comparison of patient data with standard values can highlight deteriorations or changes in postural control and thus indicate, for example, an increased risk of falling. Our aim is to measure standard values for the postural control of young healthy women.

Design

Observational study.

Setting

Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main.

Participants

106 healthy German female subjects aged between 21 and 30 years (25±2.7 years) were measured. Their average body mass index (BMI) was 21.1±2.61 kg/m².

Outcome measures

A pressure measuring platform was used to measure the weight distribution and postural sway in habitual standing. Median, tolerance range and CI were calculated.

Results

Height, weight and BMI are comparable to the average young German female population. The load distribution between right and left foot was 49.91%:50.09%. The forefoot was less loaded than the rear foot (33.3%:66.67%). The right rear foot carried most of the body weight (34.34%). The average body sway was 9.50 mm in the frontal and 13.00 mm in the sagittal plane.

Conclusions

Standard values for the postural control of the women aged 21–30 years correlate with the already collected data of healthy subjects and can therefore be described as representative. The standard values enable diagnosing and treating impaired balance.
Power estimations for non-primary outcomes in randomised clinical trials
Authors: Jakobsen Janus Christian , Ovesen Christian , Winkel Per , Hilden Jørgen , Gluud Christian , Wetterslev Jørn
Published: June 2019

Objective and methods: It is rare that trialists report power estimations of non-primary outcomes. In the present article, we will describe how to define a valid hierarchy of outcomes in a randomised clinical trial, to limit problems with Type I and Type II errors, using considerations on the clinical relevance of the outcomes and power estimations. Conclusion: Power estimations of non-primary outcomes may guide trialists in classifying non-primary outcomes as secondary or exploratory. The power estimations are simple and if they are used systematically, more appropriate outcome hierarchies can be defined, and trial results will become more interpretable.
Protocol for Healthy Habits Happy Homes (4H) Scotland: feasibility of a participatory approach to adaptation and implementation of a study aimed at early prevention of obesity
Authors: Gillespie Jenny , Hughes Adrienne , Gibson Ann-Marie , Haines Jess , Taveras Elsie , Reilly John J
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Prevention of childhood obesity is an important public health objective. Promoting healthful energy balance related behaviours (EBRBs) in the early years should be a key focus. In Scotland, one in five children are overweight or obese by age 5 years, with levels highest in deprived areas. This study protocol outlines the stages of a feasibility study to translate the highly promising North American Healthy Habits, Happy Homes (4H) a home based, preschool childhood obesity prevention intervention to Scotland (4H Scotland). First, elements of participatory and co-production approaches utilised to: (a) engage key stakeholders, (b) enable inclusive recruitment of participants and (c) adapt original study materials. Second, 4H Scotland intervention will be tested within a community experiencing health/social inequalities and high levels of deprivation in Dundee, Scotland.

Methods and analysis

4H Scotland aims to recruit up to 40 families. Anthropometry, objective and subjective measures of EBRBs will be collected at baseline and at 6 months. The intervention consists of monthly visits to family home, using motivational interviewing and SMS to support healthful EBRBs: sleep duration, physical activity (active play), screen time, family meals. The Control Group will receive standard healthy lifestyle information. Fidelity to intervention will be assessed using recordings of intervention visits. Feasibility and acceptability of study design components will be assessed through qualitative interviews and process evaluation of recruitment, retention rates; appropriateness, practicality of obtaining outcome measures; intervention duration, content, mode of delivery and associated costs. Adaptation through participatory and co-production will support development of 4H Scotland. Process evaluation offers two future directions; advancement towards a definitive, larger trial or routine practice.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was granted ethical approval by the University of Strathclyde’s School of Psychological Sciences and Health Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated through lay summaries workshops, peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN13385965; Pre-results.
Molecular analysis of genes related to phenylpropanoid and ascorbate biosynthesis in salt and UV-B treated pak choi grown under LEDs
Authors: Yun Young Beom , Jung Hee-Jeong , Rahim Md Abdur , Park Jong-In , Kuk Yong In
Published: June 2019

In this study, we measured the expression of genes related to the phenylpropanoid pathway and ascorbate oxidation by qRT-PCR to explore the mechanism of nutraceutical compounds enhancement in pak choi during stress treatments. The expression of most phenylpropanoid biosynthesis related genes (PAL, C4H, CHS, CHI, F3H1, DFR, and ANS1) was up-regulated in plants treated with NaCl, solar salt, and UV-B radiation, compared with the untreated controls under both white light and light emitting diode illumination. Moreover, CHS and ANS1 were expressed at levels 15 and 95 times higher than the untreated control. The expression of the ascorbate oxidation related gene tAPX was also up-regulated in the NaCl and UV-B treated samples compared with the control under both light conditions. By comparison, the expression of APX1 was down-regulated during the stress treatment under both light conditions. Total chlorophyll and total carotenoid contents were unaffected by the stress treatments, and there was no significant difference in the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) between the stress treatments and the untreated controls. These results suggest that the expression of genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and ascorbate oxidation correlates with the previously reported enhanced production of phenolic compounds in pak choi plants subjected to stress treatments.
Design-related questions in the construction phase: the effect of using the Last Planner System in design management
Authors: Mäki Tarja , Kerosuo Hannele
Published: June 2019

This study explores designers, engineers, and managers sharing their knowledge and resolving design-related issues during construction site meetings. It provides new insights into the collaboration and the expertise of the different partners. In addition, the study provides new knowledge of using LPS in the design phase and its influence on the site meeting discussions in the construction phase. The research data comprise video recordings of 17 site meetings in two BIM-based renovation projects. Based on the data, the construction managers were the most active in addressing issues; however, all partners were actively involved in the discussion and shared their expertise to address the open questions. The use of the Last Planner System in the design phase seemed to decrease the number of design-related open questions in the construction phase. The findings emphasize the need to develop more collaborative design management methods and practices for sharing each expertise.
Blown-up Čech cohomology and Cartan’s Theorem B on real algebraic varieties
Authors: Kowalczyk Tomasz
Published: June 2019

We introduce a concept of blown-up Čech cohomology for coherent sheaves of homological dimension [Formula: see text] and some quasi-coherent sheaves on a nonsingular real affine variety. Its construction involves a directed set of multi-blowups. We establish, in particular, long exact cohomology sequence and Cartan’s Theorem B. Finally, some applications are provided, including universal solution to the first Cousin problem (after blowing up).
Multiple solutions for Grushin operator without odd nonlinearity
Authors: Hamdani Mohamed Karim
Published: June 2019

We deal with existence and multiplicity results for the following nonhomogeneous and homogeneous equations, respectively: [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the strongly degenerate operator, [Formula: see text] is allowed to be sign-changing, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is a perturbation and the nonlinearity [Formula: see text] is a continuous function does not satisfy the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz superquadratic condition ((AR) for short). First, via the mountain pass theorem and the Ekeland’s variational principle, existence of two different solutions for [Formula: see text] are obtained when [Formula: see text] satisfies superlinear growth condition. Moreover, we prove the existence of infinitely many solutions for [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is odd in [Formula: see text] thanks an extension of Clark’s theorem near the origin. So, our main results considerably improve results appearing in the literature.
Some properties for certain subclasses of analytic functions defined by a general differential operator
Authors: Deniz Erhan , Çağlar Murat , Özkan Yücel
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we study two new subclasses [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of analytic functions which are defined by means of a differential operator. Some results connected to partial sums and neighborhoods and integral means related to these subclasses are obtained.
The source of topography across the Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, Arctic Canada: differential exhumation of a North Atlantic rift flank
Authors: Jess Scott , Stephenson Randell , Nielsen Søren B. , Brown Roderick
Published: June 2019

Elevated topography is evident across the continental margins of the Atlantic. The Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, formed as the result of rifting along the Labrador–Baffin margins in the late Mesozoic and is dominated by low-relief high-elevation topography. Apatite fission-track (AFT) analysis of the landscape previously concluded that the area has experienced a differential protracted cooling regime since the Devonian; however, defined periods of cooling and the direct causes of exhumation were unresolved. This work combines the original AFT data with 98 apatite new (U–Th)/He (AHe) ages from 16 samples and applies the newly developed ‘broken crystals’ technique to provide a greater number of thermal constraints for thermal history modelling to better constrain the topographic evolution. The spatial distribution of AFT and AHe ages implies that exhumation has been significant toward the SE (Labrador) coastline, and results of thermal modelling outline three notable periods of cooling: in the pre-rift stage (460–200 Ma), from synrift stage to present (120–0 Ma) and within the post-rift stage (30–0 Ma). Pre-rift cooling is interpreted as the result of exhumation of Laurentia and synrift cooling as the result of rift-flank uplift to the SE and differential erosion of landscape, whereas the final post-rift period is probably an artefact of the modelling process. These results suggest that the source of the Cumberland Peninsula's modern-day elevated topography is uplift during rifting in the Cretaceous and the isostatic compensation following continuous Mesozoic and Cenozoic differential erosion. This work highlights how interaction of rift tectonics and isostasy can be the principal source for modern elevated continental margins, and also provides insight into the pre-rift exhumational history of central Laurentia.

Supplementary material:
Thermal histories are available at:
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4528409
Electrochemical Conversion of Biomass-Based Oxygenated Compounds
Authors: Carneiro Juliana , Nikolla Eranda
Published: June 2019

Dwindling fossil fuel resources and substantial release of CO2from their processing have increased the appeal to use biomass as a sustainable platform for synthesis of chemicals and fuels. Steps toward this will require selective upgrading of biomass to suitable intermediates. Traditionally, biomass upgrading has involved thermochemical processes that require excessive amounts of petrochemical-derived H2and suffer from poor product selectivity. Electrochemical routes have emerged as promising alternatives because of ( a) the replacement of petrochemical-derived H2by protons generated in situ, ( b) mild operating temperatures and pressures, and ( c) the use of electrode potential to tune reaction rates and product selectivity. In this review, we highlight the advances in the electrocatalytic hydrogenation and oxidation of biomass-derived platform molecules. The effects of important reaction parameters on electrochemical efficiency and catalytic activity/selectivity are thoroughly discussed. We conclude by summarizing current challenges and discussing future research directions.
Responsive Polymers as Smart Nanomaterials Enable Diverse Applications
Authors: Zhao Jing , Lee Victoria E. , Liu Rui , Priestley Rodney D.
Published: June 2019

Responsive polymers undergo reversible or irreversible physical or chemical modifications in response to a change in environment or stimulus, e.g., temperature, pH, light, and magnetic or electric fields. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), which constitute a diverse set of morphologies, including micelles, vesicles, and core-shell geometries, have been successfully prepared from responsive polymers and have shown great promise in applications ranging from drug delivery to catalysis. In this review, we summarize pH, thermo-, photo-, and enzymatic responsiveness for a selection of polymers. We then discuss the formation of NPs made from responsive polymers. Finally, we highlight how NPs and other nanomaterials are enabling a wide range of smart applications with improved efficiency, as well as improved sustainability and recyclability of polymeric systems.
Perspectives on Low-Temperature Electrolysis and Potential for Renewable Hydrogen at Scale
Authors: Ayers Katherine , Danilovic Nemanja , Ouimet Ryan , Carmo Marcelo , Pivovar Bryan , Bornstein Marius
Published: June 2019

Hydrogen is an important part of any discussion on sustainability and reduction in emissions across major energy sectors. In addition to being a feedstock and process gas for many industrial processes, hydrogen is emerging as a fuel alternative for transportation applications. Renewable sources of hydrogen are therefore required to increase in capacity. Low-temperature electrolysis of water is currently the most mature method for carbon-free hydrogen generation and is reaching relevant scales to impact the energy landscape. However, costs still need to be reduced to be economical with traditional hydrogen sources. Operating cost reductions are enabled by the recent availability of low-cost sources of renewable energy, and the potential exists for a large reduction in capital cost withmaterial and manufacturing optimization. This article focuses on the current status and development needs by component for the low-temperature electrolysis options.
High-Resolution Bisulfite-Sequencing of Peripheral Blood DNA Methylation in Early-Onset and Familial Risk Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Chen Justin , Haanpää Maria K. , Gruber Joshua J. , Jäger Natalie , Ford James M. , Snyder Michael P.
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

Understanding and explaining hereditary predisposition to cancer has focused on the genetic etiology of the disease. However, mutations in known genes associated with breast cancer, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, account for less than 25% of familial cases of breast cancer. Recently, specific epigenetic modifications at BRCA1 have been shown to promote hereditary breast cancer, but the broader potential for epigenetic contribution to hereditary breast cancer is not yet well understood.

Experimental Design:

We examined DNA methylation through deep bisulfite sequencing of CpG islands and known promoter or regulatory regions in peripheral blood DNA from 99 patients with familial or early-onset breast or ovarian cancer, 6 unaffected BRCA mutation carriers, and 49 unaffected controls.

Results:

In 9% of patients, we observed altered methylation in the promoter regions of genes known to be involved in cancer, including hypermethylation at the tumor suppressor PTEN and hypomethylation at the proto-oncogene TEX14. These alterations occur in the form of allelic methylation that span up to hundreds of base pairs in length.

Conclusions:

Our observations suggest a broader role for DNA methylation in early-onset, familial risk breast cancer. Further studies are warranted to clarify these mechanisms and the benefits of DNA methylation screening for early risk prediction of familial cancers.
Health-Related Quality of Life Impact from Adding Bevacizumab to Cisplatin-Pemetrexed in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma in the MAPS IFCT-GFPC-0701 Phase III Trial
Authors: Eberst Guillaume , Anota Amélie , Scherpereel Arnaud , Mazieres Julien , Margery Jacques , Greillier Laurent , Audigier-Valette Clarisse , Moro-Sibilot Denis , Molinier Olivier , Léna Hervé , Rivière Frédéric , Monnet Isabelle , Gounant Valérie , Janicot Henri , Gervais Radj , Locher Chrystelle , Charton Emilie , Morin Franck , Zalcman Gérard , Westeel Virginie
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

The IFCT-GFPC-0701 MAPS phase III trial highlighted significant improvement in overall survival from adding bevacizumab to the standard first-line chemotherapy regimen [cisplatin plus pemetrexed (PC)] in advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). We present the results of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), a secondary endpoint of MAPS.

Patients and Methods:

HRQoL was assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire QLQ-C30 and the lung cancer–specific module QLQ-LC13 at randomization and then every 9 weeks until disease progression.

HRQoL deterioration–free survival (QFS), used to analyze longitudinal HRQoL data, was defined as the interval between randomization and the occurrence of the first clinically relevant definitive deterioration compared with the HRQoL score at baseline, or death.

Results:

A total of 448 patients were included in the MAPS trial between 2008 and 2014. At baseline, 425 patients (94.8%) completed the HRQoL questionnaire. We report that adding bevacizumab to cisplatin and pemetrexed (PCB) significantly improved QFS for the peripheral neuropathy dimension, with a median QFS of 12.09 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 9.59–13.67] in the PCB arm versus 7.59 months (95% CI, 6.57–8.61) in the PC arm [HR (PCB vs. PC) = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61–0.91; P = 0.004]. QFS was also longer in the PCB arm for the pain dimension (HR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.69–1.02; P = 0.08).

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated that adding bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy in patients with advanced MPM had no negative impact on HRQoL. A significant improvement in the peripheral neuropathy and pain HRQoL dimensions was even observed.