bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of a mailed educational reminder to increase colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Lee Jeffrey K , Groessl Erik J , Ganiats Theodore G , Ho Samuel B
Published: August 2011

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates are low in many areas and cost-effective interventions to promote CRC screening are needed. Recently in a randomized controlled trial, a mailed educational reminder increased CRC screening rates by 16.2% among U.S. Veterans. The aim of our study was to assess the costs and cost-effectiveness of a mailed educational reminder on fecal occult blood test (FOBT) adherence.

Methods

In a blinded, randomized, controlled trial, 769 patients were randomly assigned to the usual care group (FOBT alone, n = 382) or the intervention group (FOBT plus a mailed reminder, n = 387). Ten days after picking up the FOBT cards, a 1-page reminder with information related to CRC screening was mailed to the intervention group. Primary outcome was number of returned FOBT cards after 6 months. The costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the intervention were assessed and calculated respectively. Sensitivity analyses were based on varying costs of labor and supplies.

Results

At 6 months after card distribution, 64.6% patients in the intervention group returned FOBT cards compared with 48.4% in the control group (P < 0.001). The total cost of the intervention was $962 or $2.49 per patient, and the ICER was $15 per additional person screened for CRC. Sensitivity analysis based on a 10% cost variation was $13.50 to $16.50 per additional patient screened for CRC.

Conclusions

A simple mailed educational reminder increases FOBT card return rate at a cost many health care systems can afford. Compared to other patient-directed interventions (telephone, letters from physicians, mailed reminders) for CRC screening, our intervention was more effective and cost-effective.
Phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, mTOR, and Glycogen synthase kinase-3β mediated regulation of p21 in human urothelial carcinoma cells
Authors: Yohn Nicole L , Bingaman Caitlyn N , DuMont Ashley L , Yoo Lina I
Published: August 2011

Background

The PTEN/Phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3-kinase) growth factor signaling pathway plays a critical role in epithelial tumor development in a multitude of tissue types. Deletion of the Pten tumor suppressor gene in murine urothelial cells in vivo results in upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. We have previously shown in mice that p21 expression blocks an increase in urothelial cell proliferation due to Pten deletion. In this study, we utilized human urothelial carcinoma cells UMUC-3 and UMUC-14 to identify the signaling pathways downstream of PI3-kinase that regulate p21.

Methods

Cells were treated with a combination of PI3-kinase stimulating growth factors and kinase inhibitors, or transfected with exogenous genes in order to identify the signaling events that are necessary for p21 induction. Mice with conditional deletion of Pten in bladder urothelium were also examined for evidence of PI3-kinase pathway signaling events that affect p21 expression.

Results

When cells were treated with PI3-kinase activating growth factors EGF or PDGF, we found that p21 levels increased, in a manner similar to that observed in mice. We used the inhibitors LY294002, Akti-1/2, and rapamycin, to show that p21 induction is dependent upon PI3-kinase and AKT activity, and partially dependent on mTOR. We treated the cells with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 and found that p21 may be degraded in the proteasome to regulate protein levels. Importantly, our findings show that GSK-3β plays a role in diminishing p21 levels in cells. Treatment of cells with the GSK-3β inhibitor SB-216763 increased p21 levels, while exogenous expression of GSK-3β caused a decrease in p21, indicating that GSK-3β actively reduces p21 levels. We found that a combined treatment of LY294002 and SB-216763 improved the cytotoxic effect against UMUC-3 and UMUC-14 carcinoma cells over LY294002 alone, suggesting potential therapeutic uses for GSK-3β inhibitors. Immunohistochemical staining in bladders from wild-type and Pten-deleted mice indicated that GSK-3β inhibitory phosphorylation increases when Pten is deleted.

Conclusion

PI3-kinase and AKT cause an upregulation of p21 by suppressing GSK-3β activity and activating mTOR in both cultured human urothelial carcinoma cells and mouse urothelial cells in vivo.
Characterization of the latent membrane protein 1 signaling complex of Epstein-Barr virus in the membrane of mammalian cells with bimolecular fluorescence complementation
Authors: Talaty Pooja , Emery Amanda , Everly David N
Published: August 2011

Background

Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) is a novel technique to examine protein-protein interaction through the assembly of fluorescent proteins. In the present study, BiFC was used to study the assembly of the Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) signaling complex within the membrane of mammalian cells. LMP1 signaling requires oligomerization, localization to lipid rafts, and association of the cytoplasmic domain to adaptor proteins, such as the tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factors (TRAFs).

Methods

LMP1-TRAF and LMP1-LMP1 interactions were assayed by BiFC using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Function of LMP1 BiFC contructs were confirmed by transformation assays and nuclear factor- κB (NF-κB) reporter assays.

Results

BiFC was observed between LMP1 and TRAF2 or TRAF3 and mutation of the LMP1 signaling domains reduced complementation. Fluorescence was observed in previously described LMP1 signaling locations. Oligomerization of LMP1 with itself induced complementation and BiFC. LMP1-BiFC constructs were fully functional in rodent fibroblast transformation assays and activation of NF-κB reporter activity. The BiFC domain partially suppressed some LMP1 mutant phenotypes.

Conclusions

Together these data suggest that BiFC is a unique and novel platform to identify and characterize proteins recruited to the LMP1-signaling complex.
Cognitive function among hemodialysis patients in Japan
Authors: Odagiri Gen , Sugawara Norio , Kikuchi Atsuhiro , Takahashi Ippei , Umeda Takashi , Saitoh Hisao , Yasui-Furukori Norio , Kaneko Sunao
Published: August 2011

Background

Over 290,000 patients are undergoing hemodialysis (HD) in Japan. With old age, the odds of undergoing HD treatment sharply increase, as does the prevalence of cognitive impairment. The aim of the present work was to assess cognitive impairment in HD patients and its relation to clinical characteristics.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional design, we administered the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to 154 HD outpatients and 852 participants from the Iwaki Health Promotion Project 2010, representing the general population.

Results

The prevalence of cognitive impairment based on the MMSE was 18.8% in HD patients. HD patients showed a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in older groups (50 years and older). In a logistic regression model with age, gender and amount of education as covariates, undergoing HD was a significant independent factor (OR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.33 to 3.94) associated with a lower MMSE score. Among HD patients, we found that level of education was associated with MMSE score.

Conclusions

There is a high prevalence of cognitive impairment among HD patients that has adverse implications for hospitalization and shortens their life expectancy. HD treatment was an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. Clinicians should carefully monitor and treat cognitive impairment in HD patients. Further studies are required to determine the reasons for cognitive impairment in HD patients.
Mechanism of the chromosome-induced polar body extrusion in mouse eggs
Authors: Wang Qiong , Racowsky Catherine , Deng Manqi
Published: August 2011

Background

An oocyte undergoes two rounds of asymmetric division to generate a haploid gamete and two small polar bodies designed for apoptosis. Chromosomes play important roles in specifying the asymmetric meiotic divisions in the oocytes but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood.

Results

Chromosomes independently induce spindle formation and cortical actomyosin assembly into special cap and ring structures in the cortex of the oocyte. The spindle and the cortical cap/ring interact to generate mechanical forces, leading to polar body extrusion. Two distinct force-driven membrane changes were observed during 2nd polar body extrusion: a protrusion of the cortical cap and a membrane invagination induced by an anaphase spindle midzone. The cortical cap protrusion and invagination help rotate the spindle perpendicularly so that the spindle midzone can induce bilateral furrows at the shoulder of the protruding cap, leading to an abscission of the polar body. It is interesting to note that while the mitotic spindle midzone induces bilateral furrowing, leading to efficient symmetric division in the zygote, the meiotic spindle midzone induced cytokinetic furrowing only locally.

Conclusions

Distinct forces driving cortical cap protrusion and membrane invagination are involved in spindle rotation and polar body extrusion during meiosis II in mouse oocytes.
Placenta previa percreta left in situ - management by delayed hysterectomy: a case report
Authors: Tikkanen Minna , Stefanovic Vedran , Paavonen Jorma
Published: August 2011

Introduction

Placenta percreta is an obstetric emergency often associated with massive hemorrhage and emergency hysterectomy.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 30-year-old African woman, gravida 7, para 5, with placenta percreta managed by an alternative approach: the placenta was left in situ, methotrexate was administered, and a delayed hysterectomy was successfully performed.

Conclusions

Further studies are needed to develop the most appropriate management option for the most severe cases of abnormal placentation. Delayed hysterectomy may be a reasonable strategy in the most severe cases.
Simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation of lignocellulosic residues from commercial furfural production and corn kernels using different nutrient media
Authors: Tang Yong , Zhao Danqing , Cristhian Carrasco , Jiang Jianxin
Published: August 2011

Background

As the supply of starch grain and sugar cane, currently the main feedstocks for bioethanol production, become limited, lignocelluloses will be sought as alternative materials for bioethanol production. Production of cellulosic ethanol is still cost-inefficient because of the low final ethanol concentration and the addition of nutrients. We report the use of simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF) of lignocellulosic residues from commercial furfural production (furfural residue, FR) and corn kernels to compare different nutritional media. The final ethanol concentration, yield, number of live yeast cells, and yeast-cell death ratio were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating cellulosic and starch ethanol.

Results

Both the ethanol yield and number of live yeast cells increased with increasing corn-kernel concentration, whereas the yeast-cell death ratio decreased in SSCF of FR and corn kernels. An ethanol concentration of 73.1 g/L at 120 h, which corresponded to a 101.1% ethanol yield based on FR cellulose and corn starch, was obtained in SSCF of 7.5% FR and 14.5% corn kernels with mineral-salt medium. SSCF could simultaneously convert cellulose into ethanol from both corn kernels and FR, and SSCF ethanol yield was similar between the organic and mineral-salt media.

Conclusions

Starch ethanol promotes cellulosic ethanol by providing important nutrients for fermentative organisms, and in turn cellulosic ethanol promotes starch ethanol by providing cellulosic enzymes that convert the cellulosic polysaccharides in starch materials into additional ethanol. It is feasible to produce ethanol in SSCF of FR and corn kernels with mineral-salt medium. It would be cost-efficient to produce ethanol in SSCF of high concentrations of water-insoluble solids of lignocellulosic materials and corn kernels. Compared with prehydrolysis and fed-batch strategy using lignocellulosic materials, addition of starch hydrolysates to cellulosic ethanol production is a more suitable method to improve the final ethanol concentration.
Lessons Learned from the hGH Era
Authors: Allen David B.
Published: August 2011

Today, many medical interventions that begin as treatments for disease often expand into therapies that reduce disability, lessen disadvantage, or even confer advantage. Forces that propel profitable drugs, devices, and procedures dominate over considerations of efficient and equitable distribution of resources. This dominance is fueled by industry-physician collaborations often biased by prior assumptions, reliant on surrogate outcomes, and advantageous to marketing. Interventions are justified by “medicalization” of physiologic variations (e.g. short stature) as defects or disease, and nudged into “standard practice” by key opinion leaders. The story below of recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) treatment of short stature is one vivid example, but others (e.g. expansion of drug treatment to “optimize” cholesterol profiles, bone health, psychological well-being) can be found throughout medicine. In the new obesity era, lessons learned from the hGH era will be needed to keep the field of pediatric endocrinology empowered to make the key clinical decisions, and free of unintended consequences for patients and runaway health care inflation for society.
Combinatorial activation and concentration-dependent repression of the Drosophila even skipped stripe 3+7 enhancer
Authors: Struffi Paolo , Corado Maria , Kaplan Leah , Yu Danyang , Rushlow Christine , Small Stephen
Published: August 2011

Despite years of study, the precise mechanisms that control position-specific gene expression during development are not understood. Here, we analyze an enhancer element from the even skipped (eve) gene, which activates and positions two stripes of expression (stripes 3 and 7) in blastoderm stage Drosophila embryos. Previous genetic studies showed that the JAK-STAT pathway is required for full activation of the enhancer, whereas the gap genes hunchback (hb) and knirps (kni) are required for placement of the boundaries of both stripes. We show that the maternal zinc-finger protein Zelda (Zld) is absolutely required for activation, and present evidence that Zld binds to multiple non-canonical sites. We also use a combination of in vitro binding experiments and bioinformatics analysis to redefine the Kni-binding motif, and mutational analysis and in vivo tests to show that Kni and Hb are dedicated repressors that function by direct DNA binding. These experiments significantly extend our understanding of how the eve enhancer integrates positive and negative transcriptional activities to generate sharp boundaries in the early embryo.
How Golden Parachutes Unfolded: Diffusion and Variation of a Controversial Practice
Authors: Fiss Peer C. , Kennedy Mark T. , Davis Gerald F.
Published: August 2011

We contribute to a growing focus on variation in diffusion processes by examining the ways in which contested practices are modified as they spread among adopters. Expanding on prior diffusion accounts, we argue that the extensiveness and similarity of a practice will vary in response to both population- and organization-level mechanisms. To examine these issues, we study variation in “golden parachute” contracts, a controversial corporate governance practice that emerged and spread widely during the hostile takeover wave of the 1980s. Using a concept network approach to analyze the composition of parachute plans, we find evidence of mechanisms that both increase and decrease extensiveness and variation of golden parachutes. Our findings hold implications for accounts of practice diffusion over contested terrain by revealing substantial variation in the course of diffusion.
Bridging the Knowledge Gap: The Influence of Strong Ties, Network Cohesion, and Network Range on the Transfer of Knowledge Between Organizational Units
Authors: Tortoriello Marco , Reagans Ray , McEvily Bill
Published: August 2011

Prior research has emphasized the importance of boundary spanners in facilitating the transfer of knowledge between organizational units. The successful transfer of knowledge between organizational units is critical for a number of organizational processes and performance outcomes. The empirical evidence on the success of boundary spanners is mixed, however. Research findings indicate boundary spanners can either facilitate or inhibit the flow of knowledge between organizational units. We develop and test a theoretical argument emphasizing the importance of the broader network context in which boundary spanning occurs. In particular, we consider how tie strength, network cohesion, and network range affect the level of knowledge acquired in cross-unit knowledge transfer relationships. An analysis of knowledge transfer relationships among several hundred scientists indicates that each network feature had a positive effect on the level of knowledge acquired in cross-unit knowledge transfer relationships. Our findings illustrate how network features contribute to the flow of knowledge between organizational units and, therefore, how network context contributes to heterogeneity in boundary-spanning outcomes.
Reference Values for Aldosterone–Renin Ratios in Normotensive Individuals and Effect of Changes in Dietary Sodium Consumption
Authors: Kerstens Michiel N , Kobold Anneke C Muller , Volmer Marcel , Koerts Jan , Sluiter Wim J , Dullaart Robin PF
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND

Determination of the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) in blood is the preferred screening test for primary aldosteronism. Renin can be measured as the plasma renin activity (PRA) or the plasma renin concentration (PRC). Consequently, the ARR can be measured either based on the PRA (ARRpra) or based on the PRC (ARRprc). In contrast with the ARRpra, the data on reference values for the ARRprc are limited. Moreover, whether the ARRpra or ARRprc is affected by variations in salt intake is unknown.

METHODS

We measured the PRA, the PRC, and serum aldosterone in 100 normotensive individuals between 20 and 70 years of age before and after a 3-day oral sodium-loading test (SLT). Participants were stratified according to age and sex. Data are presented as the median and interquartile range (IQR).

RESULTS

Urinary sodium excretion after the SLT was ≥200 mmol/24 h in all participants. Serum aldosterone, PRA, and PRC values were significantly reduced after the SLT. PRC and PRA results were highly correlated [Spearman rank correlation rs = 0.80 and 0.74 before and after SLT, respectively; P < 0.001 for both]. The central 95% reference intervals for ARRpra before and after SLT were 0.07–1.45 h−1 and 0.06–1.84 h−1, respectively. The corresponding reference intervals for ARRprc were 4.1–81.3 pmol/ng and 3.9–74.8 pmol/ng. The median ARRprc decreased after the SLT from 19.5 pmol/ng (IQR, 13.0–29.4 pmol/ng) to 18.6 pmol/ng (IQR, 9.4–27.1 pmol/ng) (P = 0.005), whereas the median ARRpra did not change (P = 0.12). Both the ARRprc and ARRpra at baseline were higher in women than in men, whereas no sex difference was observed after sodium loading.

CONCLUSIONS

We present reference values for the ARRprc for healthy individuals. The ARR is affected to a variable degree by sex and sodium intake.
Serum Concentrations of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-1 and IGF Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3), IGF-1/IGFBP-3 Ratio, and Markers of Bone Turnover: Reference Values for French Children and Adolescents and z-Score Comparability with Other References
Authors: Alberti Corinne , Chevenne Didier , Mercat Isabelle , Josserand Emilie , Armoogum-Boizeau Priscilla , Tichet Jean , Léger Juliane
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND

A reference model for converting serum growth factor and bone metabolism markers into an SD score (SDS) is required for clinical practice. We aimed to establish reference values of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) concentrations and bone metabolism markers in French children, to generate a model for converting values into SDS for age, sex, and pubertal stage.

METHODS

We carried out a cross-sectional study of 1119 healthy white children ages 6–20 years. We assessed concentrations of serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3, carboxyterminal telopeptide α1 chain of type I collagen (CrossLaps), and bone alkaline phosphatase concentrations and height, weight, and pubertal stage, and used semiparametric regression to develop a model.

RESULTS

A single regression model to calculate the SDSs with an online calculator was provided. A positive relationship was found between SDS for serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3, IGF/IGFBP-3 mol/L ratio, and anthropometric parameters (P < 0.0001), with slightly greater effects observed for height than for body mass index (BMI). There was a negative relationship between serum CrossLaps concentration and BMI, and a positive relationship between serum CrossLaps concentration and height. A comparison of serum IGF-1 reference databases for children showed marked variation as a function of age and pubertal group; smooth changes with age and puberty were observed only in our model.

CONCLUSIONS

This new model for the assessment of SDS reference values specific for age, sex, and pubertal stage may help to increase the diagnostic power of these parameters for the assessment of growth and bone metabolism disorders. This study also provides information about the physiological role of height and BMI for the interpretation of these parameters.
Reporter gene HEK 293 cells and WNT/Frizzled fusion proteins as tools to study WNT signaling pathways
Authors: Ring Larisa , Peröbner Iris , Karow Marisa , Jochum Marianne , Neth Peter , Faussner Alexander
Published: August 2011

WNT/Frizzled receptor (FZD) signaling pathways are pivotal for physiological and pathophysiological processes. In humans, the complexity of WNT/FZD signaling is based on 19 WNTs, 10 FZDs and at least two (co)receptors (LRP5/6) mediating supposably four different signaling cascades. The detailed investigation of the specific function of the different initiating components is primarily hampered by the lack of most WNT proteins in a purified form. Therefore, we constructed and examined a chimeric protein of WNT3a and FZD4 as a suitable approach to overcome this obstacle for future studies of the specificity of other WNT/FZD combinations. Furthermore, we produced four different reporter HEK 293 cell lines to quantify the induced activation of the proposed signaling cascades, the β-catenin-, the NFAT-, the AP-1- and the CRE-regulated pathways. The chimera WNT3aFZD4 efficiently induced β-catenin-mediated luciferase activity. This activity was increased 40-fold compared with basal when LRP6 was stably cotransfected, proving that the chimera WNT3aFZD4 can also interact efficiently with LRP6. Our results demonstrate that the approach of using reporter gene cell lines in combination with WNT/FZD chimeras is efficient to study the β-catenin-mediated pathway and should also allow clarifying the specificity of WNT/FZD combinations in the activation of the other pathways.
Resilient Characteristics of Bottom Ash and Bottom Ash-Soil Mixtures
Authors: Coenen Aaron R. , Titi Hani H. , Elias Mohammed B.
Published: August 2011

Bottom ash, a byproduct of the coal combustion process to generate electricity by power plants, is generally underutilized and ends up in landfills or ponds. This paper aims at evaluating the characteristics of the coal combustion bottom ash for potential utilization in pavement construction materials. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive laboratory testing program was undertaken to evaluate the physical properties, compaction characteristics, and resilient modulus of bottom ash, subgrade soils, and bottom ash-soil mixtures. The investigated bottom ash was obtained from power plants in Wisconsin and Michigan. Test results showed that there is a wide spectrum of bottom ash properties pertaining to specific gravity and unit weight, while the investigated bottom ash samples were classified as granular material. Repeated load triaxial testing was performed to determine the resilient modulus of the bottom ash, subgrade soil, and bottom ash-soil mixtures. Specimens were tested at the maximum dry unit weight and optimum moisture content. Test results demonstrated that the resilient modulus values of bottom ash vary depending on the physical properties and unit weight of the bottom ash. For four bottom ash-soil mixtures, the resilient modulus values were low compared with the resilient modulus of subgrade soils, while for one type the resilient modulus was comparable/higher than that of subgrade soil. Therefore, mixing the bottom ash with subgrade soil showed increased resilient modulus values of the mixture for the bottom ash sample from Oak Creek Power Plan (OCPP). Mixing 50% of the bottom ash with subgrade soil, by dry weight, was considered an optimum amount to improve the resilient modulus of the bottom ash soil mixture for OCPP bottom ash.
Plasma omentin-1 levels are reduced in non-obese women with normal glucose tolerance and polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Choi Ji-Hun , Rhee Eun-Jung , Kim Kye-Hyun , Woo Hee-Yeon , Lee Won-Young , Sung Ki-Chul
Published: August 2011

Objective

Omentin-1 is a novel adipokine that increases insulin sensitivity and is expressed in visceral adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the metabolic parameters that influence plasma omentin-1 levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design and methods

A cross-sectional study was performed in 87 women with PCOS and 53 body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls including 39 non-obese, normal-weight (NW) PCOS women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 44 BMI- and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-matched controls. Indices of insulin sensitivity, metabolic variables, circulating androgen levels, serum adiponectin, and omentin-1 levels were measured. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed in all participants.

Results

Plasma omentin-1 levels were significantly lower in women with PCOS compared with those in BMI-matched controls (P<0.001). A significantly lower level of plasma omentin-1 was observed in non-obese women with PCOS and NGT compared with that in BMI- and HOMA-matched controls (P<0.001). Omentin-1 level was negatively correlated with BMI, indices of insulin sensitivity, and circulating androgens and was associated with greater 2 h postprandial glucose, C-peptide, and insulin levels compared with fasting values. Within the NW and NGT groups, omentin-1 levels remained negatively correlated with BMI, 2 h postprandial C-peptide, and circulating androgens and demonstrated a negative linear trend according to quartile of free testosterone (P=0.028).

Conclusions

Plasma levels of omentin-1 were reduced in non-obese women with PCOS and NGT. Postprandial hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia contributed more to lower omentin-1 levels than did fasting values in the setting of PCOS. Increased androgen levels contributed to decreased omentin-1 levels in women with PCOS.
The Pietà study: epidemiological investigation on successful brain aging in Caeté (MG), Brazil. Methods and baseline cohort characteristics
Authors: Caramelli Paulo , Barbosa Maira Tonidandel , Sakurai Emília , Santos Etelvina Lucas dos , Beato Rogério Gomes , Machado João Carlos Barbosa , Guimarães Henrique Cerqueira , Teixeira Antonio Lucio
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVES: To present the methods and baseline characteristics of the Pietà study, a population-based survey investigating successful brain aging in the oldest-old. METHOD: The study was conducted in Caeté (MG), Brazil. In 2007, 1,251 individuals aged 75+ years were living in the city and were invited to participate. Participants responded to a general health questionnaire and were submitted to clinical, neurological, cognitive, psychiatric and functional evaluations. A subgroup was submitted to neuropsychological testing, blood tests and magnetic resonance of the skull. Individuals were classified as having cognitive impairment-no dementia, dementia, parkinsonism, psychiatric disorders or successful brain aging. RESULTS: We evaluated 639 individuals (51.1% of the target population; 64% women), aged 81.4±5.2 years and with 2.7±2.6 years of schooling. Almost 30% of the elderly were illiterates and 82.1% belonged to middle/middle-low socioeconomic levels. Almost 50% were widows, but only 14.3% were living alone. CONCLUSION: The Pietà cohort is representative of the oldest-old Brazilian population. We believe the results of the study may contribute to increase our knowledge about healthy and pathological brain aging in the oldest-old.
Quality of life and psychomotor profile of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Goulardins Juliana Barbosa , Marques Juliana Cristina Fernandes Bilhar , Casella Erasmo Barbante
Published: August 2011

The knowledge of psychomotor development of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may help in defining therapeutic approaches in order to minimize losses in their quality of life. The study objectives were to evaluate the quality of life and psychomotor profile of children with ADHD and check your correlation. Fourteen children, from seven to ten years, with ADHD combined type were evaluate using the scales PedsQL™ and Motor Development Scale. Results showed adverse effects of ADHD on quality of life and a deficit in motor skills. Nine participants (64.2%) were classified in motor development as "Normal Medium", followed by the classification "Normal Low" in four (28.5%) and "Low" in one subject (7.1%). We observed a positive correlation between quality of life and psychomotor development of children with ADHD, especially in areas: fine motor and spatial organization with social and psychosocial aspects, gross motor control with the emotional and temporal organization with the emotional, psychosocial and overall quality of life.
Reliability and validity of a scale for measurement of trunk mobility in Parkinson's disease: Trunk Mobility Scale
Authors: Franco Clarissa R.C. , Leão Paula , Townsend Raquel , Rieder Carlos R.M.
Published: August 2011

Axial rigidity is an important motor manifestation in Parkinson's disease (PD). Trunk mobility impairment can cause gait, balance and postural problems. However, only few instruments analyze the trunk mobility in PD patients. The aim of this study is to present a new Trunk Mobility Scale (TMS) and its validation in PD. The TMS constituted of dynamic tests involving trunk movements in sagittal, transversal and coronal planes. Ninety eight PD patients and 31 normal controls were analyzed. A strong correlation was found between the TMS scores and the Hoehn & Yahr staging scale (r: 0.72; p<0.01), motor Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (r: 0.84; p<0.01) and Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living (r: -0.72; p<0.01). The scale showed a satisfactory reliability rate (αCronbach: 0.85, ICC: 099). TMS is a simple and reliable instrument to evaluate trunk mobility impairment in patients with PD.
Clinical and electroencephalographic characteristics of benign occipital epilepsy of childhood in two tertiary Brazilian hospitals
Authors: Alves-Leon Soniza Vieira , Nunes Renata Gomes , Andraus Maria Emilia Cosenza , Biagini Junior José Carlos , Hemb Marta , Genofre Maria Alice
Published: August 2011

This study intended to investigate the clinical and electroencephalographic benign occipital epilepsy of childhood (BOEC) characteristics in a population sample of patients from two tertiary Brazilian hospitals. We analyzed retrospectively 4912 electroencephalograms (EEGs) records, and the included patients were submitted to a new clinical and EEG evaluation. Were included 12 (0.92%) patients; 4 (33.3%) with criteria for early BOEC; 6 (50%) for late form and 2 (16.7%) with superimposed early and late onset forms. After new investigation, 2 (16.7%) had normal EEG; 4 (33.3%) had paroxysms over the occipital region; 3 (25%) over the temporal posterior regions and 3 (25%) over the posterior regions. Sharp waves were the predominant change, occurring in 8 (66.6%); spike and slow wave complexes in 1 (8.3%) and sharp and slow wave complexes in 1 (8.3%). Vomiting, headache and visual hallucinations were the most common ictal manifestations, presented in 100% of patients with superimposed forms. Vomiting were absent in the late form and headache was present in all forms of BOEC.
Trigone ventricular meningiomas: surgical approaches
Authors: Zanini Marco Antonio , Faleiros Antonio Tadeu Souza , Almeida Carlos Roberto , Clara Carlos Afonso , Gabarra Roberto C.
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE: Report our experience with trigone ventricular meningiomas and review the surgical approaches to the trigone. METHOD: From 1989 to 2006, six patients with meningiomas of the trigone of the lateral ventricles underwent microsurgical resection. Their clinical features, image, follow up, and surgical approaches were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Five patients presented with large and one with small volume meningioma. Unspecific symptoms occurred in three patients; intracranial hypertension detected in three patients; homonymous hemianopsy in three; and motor deficit present in one patient. Three patients were operated by transparietal transcortical approach, two by middle temporal gyrus approach, and one by parieto-occipital interhemispheric precuneus approach. Total resection was achieved in all patients without additional deficits. CONCLUSION: Judicious preoperative plan, adequate knowledge of anatomy, and use of correct microsurgical techniques are fundamental in achieving complete resection of trigone meningioma with low morbidity.
Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: new hypothesis regarding its etiology and pathogenesis suggests that astrocytes might be the primary target hosting a still unknown external agent
Authors: Sica Roberto E.P. , Nicola Alejandro F. De , Deniselle María C. González , Rodriguez Gabriel , Monachelli Gisella M. Gargiulo , Peralta Liliana Martinez , Bettini Mariela
Published: August 2011

This article briefly describes the already known clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms underlying sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, namely excitoxicity, oxidative stress, protein damage, inflammation, genetic abnormalities and neuronal death. Thereafter, it puts forward the hypothesis that astrocytes may be the cells which serve as targets for the harmful action of a still unknown environmental agent, while neuronal death may be a secondary event following the initial insult to glial cells. The article also suggests that an emergent virus or a misfolded infectious protein might be potential candidates to accomplish this task.
Wittgenstein, medicine and neuropsychiatry
Authors: Teive Hélio A.G. , Silva Guilherme Ghizoni , Munhoz Renato P.
Published: August 2011

A historical review is presented of the link between Ludwig Wittgenstein, considered the most important philosopher of the 20th century, and medicine, particularly neurology and psychiatry. Wittgenstein worked as a porter at Guy's Hospital in London, and then as a technician at the Royal Victoria Infirmary in Newcastle. He wrote about his important insights into language, and neuroscience. It has been suggested that he had Asperger syndrome and a possible movement disorder (mannerisms).
Influência da dureza e potencial hidrogeniônico da calda de pulverização sobre o controle do ácaro-da-leprose em frutos de laranja doce
Authors: Prado Evandro Pereira , Araújo Demétrius de , Raetano Carlos Gilberto , Pogetto Mário Henrique Ferreira do Amaral Dal , Aguiar-Júnior Hélio Oliveira , Christovam Rafael de Souza
Published: August 2011

Muitos são os relatos de ineficiência de agrotóxicos no controle de pragas quando estes são preparados em soluções com água dura e pH elevado. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da dureza da água e o pH de soluções acaricidas, em diferentes períodos de tempo após o preparo da calda (0 e 24 horas) no controle do ácaro-da-leprose Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes). O bioensaio foi conduzido sobre frutos de Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Valência. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com 14 tratamentos e 4 repetições, sendo a parcela experimental composta de um fruto com 10 fêmeas do acarino por fruto. Os acaricidas testados nas dosagens registradas foram: propargite, hexitiazoxi e espirodiclofeno. A pulverização dos frutos foi feita em torre de Potter adaptada, conferindo um volume equivalente a 1616 L ha-1. As avaliações foram realizadas até 49 dias após aplicação dos produtos, contando o número de adultos, ninfas e, na avaliação final, o número de ovos do acarino por fruto. A dureza da água, pH e tempo de preparo não interferiram no controle do ácaro da leprose. Os acaricidas, após mistura com os diferentes tipos de água, não alteraram o pH das soluções, os quais mostraram pequenas variações de pH no decorrer de 24 horas. Todos os acaricidas propiciaram alta eficácia de controle do acarino nas diferentes condições de preparo de calda, mostrando que esses fatores não interferiram no potencial acaricida.
Adubação nitrogenada na cultura do milho safrinha irrigado em plantio direto
Authors: Souza Juliana Aparecida , Buzetti Salatiér , Teixeira Filho Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto , Andreotti Marcelo , Sá Marco Eustáquio de , Arf Orivaldo
Published: August 2011

A cultura do milho safrinha é uma importante alternativa econômica para a entressafra. Contudo, esta cultura remove grandes quantidades de nitrogênio (N) e necessita de manejo adequado da adubação nitrogenada para obtenção de elevadas produtividades. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de fontes, doses e épocas de aplicação de N nas características agronômicas e na produtividade de grãos de milho safrinha irrigado. O experimento foi realizado em Selvíria (MS), em Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico, irrigado por aspersão e sob plantio direto, em 2007 e 2008. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, dispostos em um esquema fatorial 5 x 3 x 2, sendo: cinco doses de N (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1), três fontes de N (sulfonitrato de amônio com inibidor de nitrificação, sulfato de amônio e uréia) aplicadas na semeadura ou em cobertura, no estádio de seis folhas. As fontes de N proporcionaram semelhantes produtividades de grãos de milho safrinha irrigado e com efeito similar quanto às características agronômicas estudadas. A antecipação da adubação nitrogenada foi viável, assim como a tradicional aplicação de N em cobertura. O incremento das doses de N aumentou o teor de N foliar, os números de grãos por fileira e por espiga, e consequentemente, a produtividade de grãos de milho safrinha irrigado. O incremento das doses de nitrogênio aumentou a produtividade de grãos de milho safrinha cultivado após milho até a dose de 150 kg ha-1 de N, em média, independentemente da época de aplicação e da fonte de N.
Atmosfera modificada e refrigeração para conservação pós-colheita da nêspera 'Fukuhara'
Authors: Sanches Juliana , Cia Patrícia , Valentini Silvia Regina de Toledo , Benato Eliane , Chagas Edvan Alves , Pio Rafael
Published: August 2011

A rápida perda de qualidade pós-colheita limita a comercialização da nêspera no mercado de frutas frescas. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da utilização de atmosfera modificada na conservação pós-colheita da nêspera 'Fukuhara' armazenada sob refrigeração (1 °C / 90% UR). Para tanto, os frutos (≈450 g) foram acondicionados em bandejas de poliestireno e embalados em dois tipos de filme: polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD, 50 µm) e polipropileno (PP, 30 µm), sendo, em seguida, armazenados a 1 °C / 90% UR. Os frutos foram comparados a um controle que não envolveu a aplicação de filmes. As análises físico-químicas (perda de massa, firmeza, sólidos solúveis, pH e acidez titulável) foram realizadas aos 15, 30 e 45 dias sob refrigeração, seguido por período de três dias sob condição ambiente (25 °C / 80% UR). A composição gasosa (O2/CO2) no espaço livre das embalagens, a incidência de podridões e de manchas escuras na epiderme dos frutos também foram avaliadas. Os resultados mostraram que a utilização de filme PEBD e PP para a conservação pós-colheita da nêspera, apesar de ser eficaz na redução da perda de massa e não alterar a cidez titulável, o pH e a firmeza dos frutos, não é indicada para o aumento do período de conservação, pois deprecia sua qualidade devido a condições de anaerobiose e elevada incidência de podridões.
Six new species of Dasyhelea (Insecta, Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from Patagonia
Authors: Díaz Florentina , Spinelli Gustavo R , Ronderos Maria M
Published: August 2011

Six new species of Dasyhelea Kieffer, 1911 from Argentinean and Chilean Patagonia are described and illustrated based on adults. Five of these species do not belong to any of the recognized groups found in the Americas. The remaining one, Dasyhelea pabloi sp. nov. is a typical member of the leptobranchia group and is the first record of a species from this group found in the Neotropical region.
Contribuição de Melampus coffeus (Gastropoda, Ellobiidae) na degradação da serapilheira do médio estuário do rio Pacoti, Ceará, Brasil
Authors: Tavares Diva S , Maia Rafaela C , Rocha-Barreira Cristina A
Published: August 2011

A degradação da serapilheira no médio estuário do rio Pacoti foi estudada na presença e na ausência do gastrópode Melampus coffeus (Linnaeus, 1758), visando verificar a possível contribuição desse invertebrado na ciclagem da matéria orgânica dos manguezais. A densidade populacional de M. coffeus e a distribuição das folhas, em termos de biomassa úmida, biomassa seca e abundância, presentes na serapilheira do local, foram estimadas a partir de uma amostragem. Um experimento em campo foi realizado com amostras de coloração e biomassas similares de folhas de Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) sem sinais de herbivoria, distribuídas igualmente entre 64 gaiolas. Em 32 destas foram colocados também exemplares de M. coffeus. Essas gaiolas foram distribuídas entre quatro pontos, sendo oito pares de gaiolas (controle e experimento) por ponto. Durante oito semanas, quatro pares de gaiolas foram coletados semanalmente. Após coletadas, os sinais de pastagem nas folhas causados por M. coffeus foram contados e as biomassas úmida e seca das amostras foram determinadas. Comparando controle e experimento, verificou-se que M. coffeus é capaz de contribuir na degradação da serapilheira na área estudada, porém, não foi verificada uma participação significativa desse gastrópode na degradação das folhas quando comparados experimento e controle ao longo do experimento.
Buccal apparatus and gastrointestinal tract dimensions associated to the diet of early life stages of Centropomus undecimalis (Centropomidae, Actinopterygii)
Authors: Araújo Isabela M. S , Silva-Falcão Elisabeth C , Severi William
Published: August 2011

The present study aims to compare the buccal apparatus and gastrointestinal tract of early life stages of Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792), and relate them to its diet. A total of 190 individuals collected with a channel net in the Catuama estuary (07º40'9.9''S, 34º50'36.7''W), northern coast of the state of Pernambuco, were examined. Morphometrical and meristic data were analyzed for the two initial developmental periods (larval and juvenile). Their digestive tube was morphologically characterized and its content identified. The longest transverse axis of food items was measured, and compared to the standard length (SL) and mouth gape size (D) of the individuals. Body measurement regressions differed significantly (p<0.001) between larvae and juveniles. The stomachs with food content (n=118 individuals) presented a proportion of 62% full and 30% empty (being 8% damaged). They differed in relation to the fullness level and presented a coiled shape when empty. The number of food items in relation to SL and D did not present an evident correlation. Larvae (SL<10 mm) feed on small copepods, while juveniles (SL=11.1 to 64.7 mm) ingest larvae of various decapod species, showing a distinct diet between these initial developmental stages.
Composition and structure of a Miridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) assemblage from a relict of deciduous rainforest in southern Brazil
Authors: Barcellos Aline , Schmidt Letícia S , Ferreira Paulo Sergio F
Published: August 2011

A two-year study was carried out to evaluate the composition, abundance and species richness of Miridae from Parque Estadual do Turvo, municipality of Derrubadas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Samplings were made in the springs of 2003 and 2004 (October), and autumns of 2004 and 2005 (May), using a beating tray method, along two trails of the park. Sampling effort (hours x collectors) in the quantitative collections totaled 153 hours. Two-hundred mirid specimens of 50 species were collected. The most abundant mirid was Prepops setosipes (Reuter, 1910), representing 23% of the collected individuals, followed by Collaria capixaba Carvalho & Fontes, 1981 (10.5%) and Tropidosteptes cribratus (Stål, 1860) (7%), the latter recorded in all sampling periods. The highest abundance was observed in the springs of 2003 and 2004, with 53 and 78 individuals, respectively. Rarefaction method showed that estimated species richness was higher in autumn/2004 than in the other sampling periods, and higher along Yucumã than in Garcia trail. Besides a higher species richeness, Yucumã had more exclusive species than Garcia trail. The percent of species represented by one or two specimens in quantitative samplings (singletons and doubletons) was 60%. Additional samplings including hand collection, random beating tray and light trap collections added 20 species not recorded in the quantitative samplings.
Comunicação e educação nas consultas de crianças com infecções respiratórias agudas
Authors: Carvalho Ana Paula Alves de , Veríssimo Maria De La Ó Ramallo
Published: August 2011

Este estudo objetivou identificar as orientações de cuidado à criança com infecções respiratórias agudas (IRA) e descrever o processo de comunicação entre profissionais e mães na consulta. Os dados foram coletados em Unidades Básicas de Saúde, em entrevistas e observação de consultas de enfermeiras e médicos a crianças com IRA. Os resultados mostram orientações variáveis e incompletas entre os profissionais, predominantemente prescritivas e centradas na doença, principalmente no tratamento medicamentoso. A comunicação é centrada no profissional, o que não favorece um processo educativo emancipatório. Conclui-se a necessidade de incluir esses conteúdos na formação inicial e permanente dos profissionais.
Versão reduzida da escala de atitudes frente ao álcool, alcoolismo e ao alcoolista: resultados preliminares
Authors: Vargas Divane de
Published: August 2011

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os itens da Escala de Atitudes frente ao Álcool, ao Alcoolismo e ao Alcoolista, a fim de elaborar uma versão reduzida, mantendo as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento. Em sua versão preliminar, a escala foi constituída por 165 itens, sendo aplicada a uma amostra de 144 estudantes de enfermagem. O processo de avaliação dos itens deu-se pela análise da correlação do item total e a confiabilidade do instrumento foi estimada pelo coeficiente alfa de Crombach. Os resultados obtidos indicaram a permanência de 83 itens, divididos em cinco fatores que apresentaram valores satisfatórios nos diferentes coeficientes de consistência interna. Concluiu-se que o resultado do estudo abre perspectivas para novas pesquisas, com a necessidade de ampliação da amostra com vistas a dar continuidade ao processo de validação da Escala de Atitudes frente ao Álcool, ao Alcoolismo e ao Alcoolista entre profissionais da saúde.