bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conclusion: The Encounter
Authors: Johnson Ryan J.
Published: September 2017

This concluding chapter returns to the St Jerome story of the love potion before addressing some lingering issues on the Deleuze-Lucretius encounter thus presented. It considers what is meant with the claim that Lucretian atomism produced portions of Deleuzeanism, returning once again to the term used to characterise this relationship — ‘encounter’. From here, the chapter considers yet another question: what is an encounter for Deleuze and why is it so important to this story of his philosophical relationship with Lucretius? After exploring this issue further, the chapter concludes the story of the encounter with a final observation on why Deleuze's theory of immanent ideas was selected for discussion in this volume.
The Shakespearean Inside
Authors: Nordlund Marcus
Published: September 2017

The Shakespearean Inside is a study of all soliloquies and solo asides in Shakespeare’s complete plays. The first step in the research process was the creation of the Shakespearean Inside Database (SID), where these speeches were annotated according to variables of genuine literary interest such as act, dramatic subgenre, probable time of composition, dramatic speech acts, selected figures of speech and character attributes such as gender or class. Such comprehensive and detailed data makes it possible to generalise dependably about Shakespeare’s authorial habits, and by extension, to identify situations where the author departs in interesting ways from his authorial habits. The Shakespearean Inside uses these broad patterns and significant exceptions as a backdrop for fresh interpretations of various Shakespeare plays, from early works such as The Taming of the Shrew and Two Gentlemen of Verona to mature tragedies like Hamlet and late plays such as The Tempest and The Two Noble Kinsmen.
Divergence
Authors: Nordlund Marcus
Published: September 2017

Chapter 2, entitled ‘Divergence’, explores a number of situations in Shakespeare’s plays where the sharp boundary between inside and dialogue becomes muddled. The chapter begins with a survey of different situations where this line is difficult to draw, often because it is hard to gauge the speaker’s fictional intentions on the basis of the printed page. The chapter then gives extended attention to two examples of such dramatically productive divergence from Shakespeare’s standard practice. The conventions governing insides are transformed in significant ways by the intrusion of magic in The Tempest and by the early modern discourse of royalty in Richard II. In both plays we find a powerful protagonist with rhetorical boundary issues that either transcend (Prospero) or dismantle (Richard II) the ordinary distinction between private and interpersonal speech.
Sense and Sensibility: Wishing is Believing
Authors: Morris Pam
Published: September 2017

Sense and Sensibility, traces the movement of young female protagonists from a traditional patrician place into a more heterogeneous social space, a shift from time-denying idealist values to empirical possibility. In this novel, Austen registers a transitional moment when consensual notions of self begin to change, when self is privatised. Earlier traditions of embodied sociability give way to emergent individualistic values centred upon an idea of self as superior interiority, or upon competitive acquisition as aggrandisement of identity. Both these ideas of self are subject to Austen’s irony, which demonstrates how even the most cherished sense of interiority derives largely from very ordinary things. The novel explores the associated individualistic ideologies of privacy and domesticity utilising a chain of references to fireplaces and domestic hearths and to literalised metaphors of warmth and coldness.
Emma: A Prospect of England
Authors: Morris Pam
Published: September 2017

In Emma, as in Sense and Sensibility, the plot tracks the movement of the young woman protagonist from a hierarchical, time-resisting place to a more socially heterogeneous space of horizontal relationships. In so doing, the novel engages with a dissensus in public opinion in post-revolutionary England as to who should count as perceptible within the national community. The text extends the terrain of what can be said and by whom to those traditionally deemed beneath notice, entering dialogically into public debates as to who legitimately constitute ‘the people’. The complex social energies propelling change and inter-class rivalry and emulation are ‘gathered’ within the most significant thing to feature in the story: a piano. The ironic treatment of the heroine’s self-willed subjective blindness continues Austen’s critique of idealism to which the text opposes a continuous emphasis upon bodily concern with food, shelter, and weather.
Relationship of Cord Blood Immunoglobulin E and Maternal Immunoglobulin E with Birth Order and Maternal History of Allergy in Albanian Mother/Neonate Pairs
Authors: Latifi-Pupovci Hatixhe , Lokaj-Berisha Violeta , Lumezi Besa
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND: Previous studies reported that familial factors such as birth order and mothers atopy might influence cord blood levels and development of allergies.AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship of cord blood IgE and maternal IgE with birth order and mothers history of allergy in Albanian mother/neonate pairs.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study population represented 291 mother-infant pairs. Mothers were interviewed with a questionnaire for personal history of allergy and pregnancy history whereas serum IgE levels were determined using sandwich IRMA assay.RESULTS: The mean level of cIgE in neonates with detectable levels was 1.59 (n = 78). No significant difference in means of cIgE was found between first born and later born neonates (p = 0.232) and between neonates of mothers with a negative and positive history of allergy (p = 0.125). Also, no significant difference was found between means of mIgE by birth order, whereas there was a significant difference of mIgE between mothers with and without a history of allergy (p = 0.01). In a group of neonates with detectable cIgE levels, maternal IgE levels were moderately correlated with cIgE levels.CONCLUSION: Cord blood IgE is not affected by birth order and mothers history of allergy, whereas mothers IgE are affected by the history of allergy but not by birth order.
Association between Beta-Sympathomimetic Tocolysis and Risk of Autistic Spectrum Disorders, Behavioural and Developmental Outcome in Toddlers
Authors: Altay Mengühan Araz , Görker Işık , Aslanova Rakhshanda , Bozatlı Leyla , Turan Nesrin , Kaplan Petek Balkanlı
Published: September 2017

AIM: To investigate whether maternal intravenous beta-mimetic tocolytic therapy increases the risk of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and poorer behavioural and developmental outcomes.METHOD: Our study is a prospective case-control study among 90 children between 1.5 and three years old. Cases (n = 46) were toddlers with betamimetic tocolytic exposure; control group toddlers (n = 44) were tocolytic untreated. Treated and untreated groups were also divided into subgroups: term and preterm delivered. The gestational age of tocolytic treatment start, the dose and duration of exposure in hours were obtained from obstetric medical records. The Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA), the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) tests were applied for evaluation of social, emotional problems, autism and developmental disorders.RESULTS: Term and preterm born toddlers treated tocolytically in utero didn’t demonstrate a higher risk of autistic disorders or poorer behavioural and developmental results than controls. In the preterm group, the earliest start of tocolytic treatment was correlated with toddlers lower score of the Competencies Scale (p = 0.009) and a higher score of the Problems Scale (p = 0.048). Also, we concluded that preterm membrane rupture was associated with higher ASD risk in the untreated group (p = 0.043).CONCLUSION: Exposure to betamimetics during pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of autism, behavioural and developmental disorders.
Conformity Index and Homogeneity Index of the Postoperative Whole Breast Radiotherapy
Authors: Petrova Deva , Smickovska Snezana , Lazarevska Emilija
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND: The treatment of breast cancer involves a multidisciplinary approach in which radiotherapy plays a key role.AIM: The conformity index and the homogeneity index are two analysis tools of a treatment plan using conformal radiotherapy. The purpose of this article is an analysis of these two parameters in the assessment of the treatment plans in 58 patients undergoing postoperative radiotherapy of the whole breast.MATERIALS AND METHODS: All 58 patients participating in the study had a conservatively treated early-stage breast cancer. The treatment was performed using a standard regimen of fractionation in 25 fractions up to a total dose of 50Gy. Dose-volume histograms were generated for both plans with and without segmental fields.RESULTS: Pair samples t-test was used. The technique with segmental fields allowed us more homogeneity distribution when compared to standard two tangential field techniques. The HI values were 1.08 ± 0.01 and 1.09 ± 0.01 for segment and technique with two tangential fields (p < 0.001). The DHI values were 0.92 ± 0.02 and 0.901 ± 0.01 for segment and technique with two tangential fields (p < 0.001). The CI values were 1.38 ± 0.02 and 1.43 ± 0.3 for segment and technique with two tangential fields (p = 0.0018).CONCLUSION: The results showed that the conformity and the homogeneity index are important tools in the analysis of the treatment plans during radiation therapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Adding segment fields in the administration of radiotherapy in patients with conservatively treated breast cancer can lead to improved dosage homogeneity and conformity.
Validation of the ELISA Method for Quantitative Detection of TNF-α in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Rendevski Vladimir , Aleksovski Boris , Stojanov Dragan , Mihajlovska-Rendevska Ana , Aleksovski Vasko , Baneva–Dolnenec Natalija , Nikodijevic Dijana , Gudeva-Nikovska Dance
Published: September 2017

AIM: We aimed to investigate the sensitivity, reproducibility and validity of the commercial ELISA kits for quantitative detection of TNF-α and their potential application for screening purposes in patients with ICH.METHODS: Analysis of six independent standard series, evaluation of the deviation of the TNF-α concentration in patients with ICH, standard addition and visual analysis of whole UV-Vis spectra were carefully performed.RESULTS: Low standard deviations of the absorbance were detected for every standard, as well as in the samples of healthy controls and patients with ICH. The standard addition series have also confirmed high sensitivity and reproducibility of the assay, with a congruent shift of the standard curves with the concentration of TNF-α for the added plasma. The visual analyses of the gained spectra have revealed the absence of any matrix effects from the addition of the human plasma in the reconstituted standards.CONCLUSION: The commercial ELISA kits can be used in the clinical practice for screening purposes of the plasma TNF-α levels in patients with ICH.
Рhysiotherapy in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Dimitrova Antoaneta , Izov Nikolay , Maznev Ivan , Vasileva Danche , Nikolova Milena
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND: Physiotherapy is an essential for the treatment of patients with chronic respiratory non-inflammatory diseases especially for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).AIM: To assess the effect of six months physiotherapy (PT) program on functional status in patients with COPD.МАTERIAL AND METHODS: The patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of the disease. Group A included 33 patients (mean age 68.6 ± 7.3; GOLD II – III stages). Group B included 32 patients (mean age 71.7 ± 6.9; GOLD I –II). They were referred to supervised PT program performed three times weekly for a half a year. All the patients were on standard medical care. At entry and after PT, six minutes walking test (6 MWT), Borg scale and modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale were assessed.RESULTS: Significant changes in 6 MWT (р < 0.001) and mMRC scale (р < 0.001) were found after applied physical therapy program in patients of group A. Exertional dyspnoea decreased significantly in patients with group A (р < 0.001). Positive changes were found in physical tolerance in the patients of group B (р < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed the positive effect of six months physiotherapy in physical tolerance and dyspnoea in patients with COPD at different stages of the disease.
Figures de la parentalité et enjeux du familial en accueil familial thérapeutique
Authors: Jung Johann , Pétavy Chantal , Pourcel Nathalie , Rochet Thierry , Serhane Yasmine
Published: September 2017

L’accueil familial thérapeutique (AFT) est un dispositif de soin qui permet d’explorer les figures de la parentalité et les enjeux du « familial » mobilisés dans la relation accueillant/accueilli. À partir de l’analyse psychodynamique d’un cas clinique d’une petite fille de deux ans, nous envisageons l’AFT comme un dispositif de soin attracteur des figures de la parentalité et congruent aux besoins psychiques de l’enfant. Ainsi, nous étudions comment l’AFT soutient un travail de transformation des figures de la parentalité, en appui sur l’élaboration du positionnement clinique de l’assistante familiale, partagée entre des préoccupations professionnelles et parentales, induites par ce dispositif. Cette perspective nous permet également d’aborder la façon dont la parentalité et les enjeux du « familial » se rejouent institutionnellement à travers les liens entre les professionnels impliqués dans cette modalité de soin. L’AFT peut alors s’offrir comme lieu de mise en scène et d’élaboration des processus qui se déploient dans l’espace de l’accueil.
Traces traumatiques et figures projectives des catastrophes de symbolisation
Authors: Roman Pascal
Published: September 2017

L’auteur reprend, actualise et développe la notion de « catastrophe de symbolisation » dans le cadre des productions aux épreuves projectives. Cette notion avait initialement été proposée dans un article paru en 1997 pour rendre compte des effets de rupture dans les processus de symbolisation. L’hypothèse centrale consiste à considérer que les productions projectives, au Rorschach et au TAT, portent la trace des vécus traumatiques précoces. Ces vécus traumatiques se traduisent par un certain nombre d’expressions projectives (catastrophes de symbolisation) qui témoignent de la mise en échec des processus de symbolisation. Une première discussion du concept de « catastrophe » en mathématique met l’accent sur le double mouvement qui le caractérise : rupture et élaboration d’une nouvelle forme. La définition de trois figures des catastrophes de symbolisation est proposée secondairement, illustrée à partir des protocoles de Rorschach et de TAT de deux adolescents issus d’une recherche consacrée aux adolescents engagés dans des agirs sexuels violents.
La relation d’implication (et non d’application) entre les phénoménologies philosophique et clinique : le point de vue d’Arthur Tatossian
Authors: Bloc Lucas , Moreira Virginia , Wolf-Fédida Mareike , Chamond Jeanine
Published: September 2017

Les travaux de Minkowski, Binswanger, Boss, Strauss, Ey et von Gebsattel ont été les premiers à interroger les apports de la phénoménologie philosophique au domaine de la clinique (psychopathologie, psychiatrie et psychothérapie phénoménologique). Cet article a pour objet de présenter et de discuter le point de vue d’Arthur Tatossian qui, plus récemment, est revenu sur la question de la relation entre les phénoménologies philosophique et clinique pour souligner l’importance d’une relation d’implication, et non d’application, dans la méthodologie entre ces deux domaines. Tatossian construit une psychopathologie de la clinique et pour la clinique, et son point de vue est sous-tendu par une éthique de la considération de l’autre et de son vécu et du phénomène qui se montre – dimensions originaires de toute phénoménologie clinique.
Perversion et psychose II (dans « Kant avec Sade » de Jacques Lacan)
Authors: Kaltenbeck Franz
Published: September 2017

Répondre à la question de savoir comment la perversion et la psychose se situent l’une par rapport à l’autre est nécessaire pour éclairer ces deux structures cliniques. Si la perversion évolue sous le régime logique du déni (de la castration) et la psychose sous celui de la forclusion (du Nom-du-Père et/ou du phallus) il est clair que ces deux structures ne se confondent pas. Un pervers ne rejette ni le père ni le phallus. Mais un psychotique peut trouver dans une perversion une assise qui ne se réduit pas aux « traits de perversion » toujours présents dans les fantasmes des névrosés. Un psychotique peut agir comme un pervers, s’habiller en pervers, jouer dans un scénario pervers. Selon Freud, la perversion est le négatif de l’hystérie. Pourrait-on affirmer que la perversion propose une scène pour la psychose ? Que la perversion ne se transforme pas en psychose, est-ce que cela ne rend pas pour autant le pervers insensible aux phénomènes psychotiques ? Comme nous le verrons, dans l’écrit « Kant avec Sade » (1960) de Lacan, la perversion croise trois fois les voies de la psychose. Un pervers ne devient pas fou ni un fou pervers, et pourtant ni la perversion ni la psychose ne sont étanches l’une par rapport à l’autre. Les passerelles qui mènent de l’une à l’autre peuvent entraîner tel sujet au crime sexuel et tel autre à une création sublime…
Le corps adolescent et le transfert. Tague ton blaze ou le bang de la rencontre
Authors: Masson Céline
Published: September 2017

À partir de deux cas cliniques d’adolescents, il s’agit de montrer en quoi l’espace du transfert est un espace de subjectivation et de créativité. Comment le psychanalyste et l’adolescent co-créent dans ce lieu de la consultation qu’est l’espace analytique. Ce lieu crée du temps, il est le lieu de tous les possibles où le patient comme l’analyste sont modifiés par ce contact de psychique à psychique. Comment le malaise adolescent peut-il s’inscrire dans ce lieu et s’écrire  ? Nous verrons que ces adolescents en « mal de corps » vont parvenir à tracer, sur l’espace blanc de la rencontre, des mots, des images qui sont déjà une en-formation de leurs symptômes.
Bloomer Girls
Authors: Shattuck Debra A.
Published: September 2017

This book is the first to document the transformation of America’s national pastime from a gender-neutral sport into a highly-gendered “man’s game.” For decades, most modern scholars of sport have assumed that baseball was, and always has been, a man’s game. Yet baseball began as a gender-neutral “blank slate” upon which adult men and women wrote their gendered narratives and then taught those narratives to their children. Baseball’s gendered future was never inevitable nor was it quickly solidified or uncontested. Every decade of the nineteenth century saw more girls and women playing and watching baseball than in previous decades. Yet the narrative of baseball as a man’s game gained momentum in each successive decade well into the twentieth century. The book describes the process through which the history of women baseball players became distorted by myth and misperception even as girls and women played on the same types of teams that boys and men did, including scholastic/collegiate, civic/pick-up, amateur/professional and factory teams. The book places the evolution of baseball’s gendered characterization into the broader context of American sport and culture, and describes how professional interests wrested control of the game’s institutional structures, culture, and social interactions from amateur interests.
Introduction
Authors: Shattuck Debra A.
Published: September 2017

The Introduction presents the thesis that baseball has not always been identified as a man’s game even though its boosters began proclaiming it a “manly” pastime from the moment it coalesced into a new sport in antebellum America. It explains that humans use sport to inculcate and express socio-cultural identities like race, gender, social class, and ethnicity. It argues that sports can have gendered characterizations; these gendered characterizations can take decades to solidify. Gender ideals are fluid, influenced by myriad factors, and jointly constructed by men and women. Both men and women have used sport to model and perpetuate ideals of masculinity and femininity. The history of women baseball players as been distorted by myth and misperception as baseball’s gendered identity solidified.
1865–1879: Commodifying a National Pastime
Authors: Shattuck Debra A.
Published: September 2017

While Major League Baseball is a multi-billion dollar business today, the early professional game struggled to attract fans and make money. The 1870s saw the transformation of America’s leisure activities and men’s and women’s professional baseball teams emerged to compete for spectators with circuses, pedestrian races, boxing matches, and theatrical productions. Colorful pageantry was part of the early professional matches and many of the female players were former theatrical performers. Women’s professional teams emerged in Springfield, Illinois (1875) and in Philadelphia, New Orleans, and New York (1879). Burlesque troupes began featuring “female nines” at indoor performances; middle-class critics began accusing female professional teams of making a “burlesque” of the national pastime.
The 1890s: New Women, Bloomer Girls, and the Old Ball Game
Authors: Shattuck Debra A.
Published: September 2017

The 1890s saw a dramatic redefinition of femininity that coalesced into the image of the Gibson Girl and “New Woman.” Men like Bernarr Macfadden taught women that athleticism was a prerequisite of beauty; thousands of women began riding bicycles and playing vigorous sports with gusto. Women’s professional baseball shifted from theatrical to highly competitive and featured talented female players like Maud Nelson and Lizzie Arlington. Their “Bloomer Girl” teams barnstormed the country playing men’s amateur and semi-professional teams. Many decried the New Woman ideal and critics of female baseball players called them Amazons and freaks. Bloomer Girl teams of the 1890s paved the way for the talented female teams of the twentieth century.
Chinatown Opera Theater in North America
Authors: Yunhwa Rao Nancy
Published: September 2017

In this expansive project, Nancy Yunhwa Rao examines the world of Chinatown theaters, focusing on iconic theaters in San Francisco and New York but also tracing the transnational networks and migration routes connecting theaters and performers in China, Canada, and even Cuba. Drawing on a wealth of physical, documentary, and anecdotal evidence, Rao brings together the threads of an enormously complex story: on one hand, the elements outside the theaters, including U.S. government policies regulating Chinese immigration, dissemination through recordings and print materials of the music performed in the theaters, impresarios competing with each other for performers and audiences, and the role of Chinese American business organizations in facilitating the functioning of the theaters; and on the other hand, the world inside the theaters, encompassing the personalities and careers of individual performers, audiences, repertoire, and the adaptation of Chinese performance practices to the American immigrant context. The study also documents the important influence of the theaters on the Chinatown community's sense of its cultural self. Presenting Chinese American music as American music, Rao's work significantly revises understandings of American music by placing the musical activities of an important immigrant group firmly within the bounds of music identified as "American," liberating it from the ghetto of exoticism. Firmly grounded in both Chinese and English language sources, this study offers critical insight into both historical and contemporary questions of cultural identity in the American context.
Everyday Practice and the Imaginary
Authors: Yunhwa Rao Nancy
Published: September 2017

Using lyrics, artifacts, memoir, playbills, etc. from within the Chinese community, the Introduction chapter offers a much-needed perspective on Chinatown opera theaters in North America during its golden era of the 1920s. Attention is drawn to issues such as social memory, everyday life, and bodily performance to reveal how these opera performances at these theaters were as satisfying as it was meaningful. By Various types of documents, recordings, sources and immigration files constitute the “archive” of Chinatown opera theaters for this book, one that allow us to reimagine the theaters, the dynamic ways that opera were presented and the transnational route across Pacific that the performers traveled.
The Affluent Years
Authors: Yunhwa Rao Nancy
Published: September 2017

By 1926, the Great China Theater in Seattle boasted a cast of performers from the top tier of the Cantonese opera profession, and performed different operas daily all year long without breaks. A roster of key professionals, such as playwrights, musicians, and scene painters, took up residence at the theater. The stage designs and theatrical spectacle grew bolder and grander, showing influences from other entertainment; a record label of Cantonese opera was started. The opera culture also bore fruit in the younger generation, as seen in the increased participation of native-born Chinese Americans. This chapter describes the ways in which the Great China Theater played an important role in that community until the end of the decade, when motion pictures and other forms of entertainment eroded opera’s popular appeal.
A Theater of Actresses
Authors: Yunhwa Rao Nancy
Published: September 2017

By its fourth year in operation, the Mandarin boasted a Los Angeles branch, troupes in Mexicali and elsewhere, and a close relationship with the Jock Ming On Theater in New York City. This chapter focuses on the period of the Mandarin’s continued success as it expanded its reach into the community, attracted superstar performers such as the actress Li Xuefang, and staged ever more grand productions. The chapter closes with the return of Cantonese opera troupe to Vancouver to a theater named Mandarin Theater co.
Two Theaters and a Merger in New York
Authors: Yunhwa Rao Nancy
Published: September 2017

This chapter documents the rise of Cantonese opera theater in New York City from the mid-nineteenth century through the 1920s. By the mid-1920s, the New York theaters became a nodal point of the performing network linking San Francisco, Los Angeles, and elsewhere, sharing many of its talented performers. In New York's Chinatown, opera was an art form that united spectacle, drama, local and visiting talents, regional musical tastes, and musical tradition into a vibrant whole. At the height of its golden age, Chinese theater had taken its place in a city with a long and prestigious tradition in the theatrical and performing arts. Two theaters were established during this period: Jock Ming On and Lok Tin Tsau. The former arrived New York City from Vancouver, while the latter via Toronto and Boston. In 1927, the two merged to form Yong Ni Shang Theater. Many performers discussed in previous chapters reappear in this chapter. In addition, the chapter discusses the relation between Peking opera star, Mei Lanfang’s US tour and Chinatown theaters. Finally, through a close analysis of the phonograph record advertisement, the chapter reflects on the connection of Cantonese opera and the community.
Common Compassion and the Mad Scientist
Authors: Boddice Rob
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores the debate about the dangers of a civilisation losing its grip on ‘common compassion’, thereby to explain the cultural fascination with the ‘mad scientist’. The common quality of the mad scientist was a lack of sympathy: a brutal quest for knowledge that overrode moral boundaries. The chapter asks ‘what was sympathy?’ for most people, finding a religiously grounded emotional experience that owed its definition to as much to Adam Smith as to messages from the pulpit. The chapter concludes with some examples of scientific controversy that seemed to bring home to the lay public their worst fears, from Edward Klein’s testimony before the Royal Commission on Vivisection, to the public condemnation in the English press of Moritz Schiff as an animal torturer.
Sympathy, Liberty, and Compulsion: Vaccination
Authors: Boddice Rob
Published: September 2017

Major figures within evolutionary science contributed to the debate about vaccination, exposing some key practical differences in the moral imperatives to be derived from slightly different models of emotional evolution. The chapter shows how the science of sympathy impinged on individual liberties for the sake of a greater good at the level of society itself. It also shows how the science of sympathy could be liberty’s greatest advocate in its determination to let ‘nature’ take its course. Intellectual investigations of evolutionary scientists were internalised and employed as modes of being, or as guides to moral action. The opposite reactions of Huxley and Wallace over vaccination, are taken to be expressions of moral feeling, based on alternative understandings and internalisations of the evolution of civilised emotions.
Sympathetic Selection: Eugenics
Authors: Boddice Rob
Published: September 2017

Chapter 5 returns to the blueprint for the evolution of sympathy in Darwin’s Descent, picking up at the point where Darwin introduces a paradoxical prediction of degeneration, caused by the same force that inspired social cohesion and moral progress. This chapter analyses the birth of the eugenics movement as a department of statistics, arising directly from a concern for the common good of civilised society – the central tenet of highly evolved sympathy. Unlike most studies of eugenics, this chapter focuses largely on the period before 1900, when the parameters of eugenic thought were being hashed out. It particularly focuses on the problem of degeneration as seen through the eyes of Francis Galton and Karl Pearson, who pointed to the need for social-policy interventions in breeding.
Politicizing Creative Economy
Authors: Da Costa Dia
Published: September 2017

This book rethinks the hegemonic and sentimental optimism around the arts and creative economy by politicizing a global discursive regime that effectively asks the poor to eat heritage. Critical scholarship largely views creative economy as new, as applicable to the de-industrializing global North, and as neoliberal commodification and governmentality. It neglects complex and intersecting histories of national, colonial, development, and progressive politics; longstanding uses of creative practices to remake economies and polities; and spatial specificities that give a global discourse traction. Attending to historical, spatial, and ethnographic complexities, this book probes discursive planning and activist politics intersectionally. Focusing on India, the analysis juxtaposes nationalist and progressive histories alongside critical ethnographies of two activist performance troupes: Communist-affiliated, Jana Natya Manch, and the indigenous Chhara’s (former ‘criminal tribe’) community-based Budhan Theatre. The subtle invasions of commodification, heritage, and management into performance make activist theater a crucial site for considering what counts as creativity in the cultural politics of creative economy. A transnational feminist approach drives this exploration of precarious lives, livelihoods, and ideologies at the intersection of heritage, planning, and performance. By analyzing the creators, performers, and activists involved—individuals at the margins of creative economy and society—it builds a provocative argument. Their creative practices may survive, challenge, and even reinforce the economies of death, displacement, and divisiveness used by the urban poor to survive
A Hunger Called Theater
Authors: Da Costa Dia
Published: September 2017

Budhan Theater’s community-based politics and performance seems perfectly aligned with creative economy discourses, given the optimism with which the indigenous Chhara community embraces the possibility of transcending stigmatized histories of criminality through creative practices and livelihood opportunities. Yet, this chapter complicates this optimism by highlighting the complex affective structures—betrayal, sentimental optimism, cruel pessimism, and ordinary regard—that coconstitute Chhara history of criminality and activist performance. Combining transnational feminism, queer and affect theory, it challenges Lauren Berlant’s cruel optimism and argues that cruel pessimism better describes the affective structure of those compelled to pursue the (bad) good life even while living with colonial capitalism’s ongoing betrayals. Like the Chhara, such putative citizens are compelled to embrace citizenship through their pessimistic critique of its resounding failures.
Alfred Bester
Authors: Smith Jad
Published: September 2017

The introduction examines how Bester’s unique approach challenged the paradigm of Golden Age science fiction. After a stint scripting comics and radio, Bester returned to the SF field in search of creative freedom; however, a conflict with legendary editor John W. Campbell over the story “Oddy and Id,” among other circumstances, prompted Bester to assume the stance of an outsider and write against the grain of the Astounding ethos, which he came to regard as escapist and scientistic. Bester wanted to write “arrest” fiction “full of romantic curiosity” that left ample opportunity for the reader to cogenerate meaning and experience the euphoria of raw imagination. Bester’s approach is discussed in terms of Roland Barthes’s distinction between “readable” and “writable” fiction.
May Irwin
Authors: Ammen Sharon
Published: September 2017

Before Sophie Tucker “corked up” to entertain her audiences with ragtime songs in “Negro dialect” and before Fanny Brice stumbled into the footlights in her rendition of the “Dying Swan,” the reigning queen of comedy and song on the American stage was May Irwin. A performer in both vaudeville and the legitimate stage, Irwin was also known as an accomplished homemaker and loving mother, a political activist, a real estate tycoon, and a prolific writer of articles, composer of songs, and author of a popular cookbook. This book is the first full-length study of Irwin and focuses on the strategies she used to remain successful, both personally and publicly, throughout a long life. Her success far exceeded those of her contemporaries, even though she was involved in often controversial political activities such as suffragism and pacifism. As a female comic, she made fun of the dominant male culture by anchoring her more radical views with domestic feminism.Using her body weight as a source of self-deprecating humor, she nevertheless retained an aura of attractiveness. One of the first celebrity chefs, she filled her cookbook with jokes and songs. Irwin is identified closely with the birth of the “coon” song and may have been forgotten because of the racism associated with what was undeniably popular American music from the 1890s through the 1920s. The author delves into the audience response to Irwin’s performances, both in her coon shouting and in her character work in musical farce.
Stardom
Authors: Ammen Sharon
Published: September 2017

Chapter two considers Irwin’s career during her years of greatest popularity. Her appearance in vitascope’s “The Kiss” from The Widow Jones enhanced her fame. The author analyzes Irwin’s string of successes in comic farce and her use of scenes of intoxication during a time of temperance crusades. Irwin’s style as a major female comic elicited positive middle class audience response as she used her performance skills to help make the audience identify with her even as she profited from the nineteenth century growth of the “cult of personality.” Like other fat comics, she used her size as a source of humor–but maintained an image of personal attractiveness.
The Profoundly Troubling History of the Coon Song
Authors: Ammen Sharon
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores the origination of the coon song, a ragtime melody mixing jazz and march music and replete with degrading racial stereotypes. May Irwin was the most prominent white female coon shouter. Songs by Stephen Foster and those performed by William Walker and Bert Williams are discussed, as is the nationwide dissemination of sheet music from Tin Pan Alley. The author examines abolitionism and Radical Reconstruction in African American history and the increase of lynchings of African Americans in Jim Crow America. She then looks at the “Greedy Gal” and the “Idealized” and “Pathetic” coon stereotypes of black life.
Re-Enchanting Modernity
Authors: Mansell James G.
Published: September 2017

This chapter inserts an interruption into the story usually told about sound control in modernity, arguing that scientific and secular rationalisms were not the only forces shaping responses to the problem of noise in the early twentieth century. The chapter takes account of those seeking sonic “re-enchantment” via sounds that promised to reconnect the hearing self with the magical vibrations of the cosmos. The chapter takes the Theosophical movement as its case study, tracing the influence of this movement on a range of cultural projects that emerged in response to modern noise, including self-help writing, social sound projects such as John Foulds’s “Cenotaph in Sound” as well as Maud MacCarthy’s experiments in musical healing.
Noir En Couleur
Authors: Miklitsch Robert
Published: September 2017

The decline of American film noir is historically coincident with the advent of the “red menace” and the “blacklist” as well as the transformation of the motion picture industry occasioned by new technologies such as Technicolor and CinemaScope. However, a close examination of color and widescreen in select feature films of the period—Black Widow (1954), House of Bamboo (1955), Slightly Scarlet (1956), and A Kiss before Dying (1956)--suggests that film noir in the 1950s in fact adapted to the rapidly changing industrial landscape of Hollywood and, in the process, engaged such “classical” and topical issues as the femme fatale, femininity, and the “murder mystery” (Black Widow), homosexuality, interracial romance, and the occupation of Japan (House of Bamboo), criminality, gangsters, and female sexuality (Slightly Scarlet), as well as class, the homme fatal, and the female detective (A Kiss before Dying).
The Elocutionists
Authors: Wilson Kimber Marian
Published: September 2017

Poetry recitation and music intersected in performances by American women between ca. 1850 and 1950. Through oral interpretation of literature, women aspired to a place in high culture, yet in taking to the platform, female elocutionists transgressed the previous boundaries between private and public domains. Nonetheless, programs, press reports, and archival materials from women’s clubs, elocution schools, women’s colleges, and the Chautauqua circuit demonstrate that musical and literary entertainments by professional and amateur female performers were widespread. Repertoire was selected to be socially acceptable for women and to distinguish elocutionists from morally-suspect actresses. Many of the performance practices typical of spoken word and accompaniment are unknown today because they fall outside our conception of the musical work. Although women’s increasing dominance of the field of elocution resulted in its subsequent denigration as a “feminine” profession, their spoken-word performance tradition influenced the history of music, and they became the primary composers of melodramatic compositions in twentieth-century America. The Elocutionists is thus a study of the intersection of gender and genre, demonstrating female elocutionists’ role in the creation of musically-accompanied recitation and women composers’ transformations of late nineteenth-century practices in creating works that would appeal specifically to women.
Making Elocution Musical
Authors: Wilson Kimber Marian
Published: September 2017

Poetic recitation was regularly heard at concerts and in “musical and literary entertainments.” Recitation anthologies designed for homes and schools provided sample programs. Music and elocution were combined outside of the conventions of notation: texts of songs were spoken to their accompaniments, and previously composed or improvised music was used to accompany speech. Contemporary speech pedagogy reveals that performed speech was characteristically musical due to highly-pitched practices, often notated with graphic symbols. The career of Jane Manner demonstrates the full range of melodramatic approaches available. Something between a musical composition and a genre of performed literature, accompanied recitation allowed women to exert their artistic power beyond the traditional boundaries of elocution and to usurp the place of the composer.
Grecian Urns in Iowa Towns
Authors: Wilson Kimber Marian
Published: September 2017

The Delsarte movement expanded the oratorical poses of elocutionists into tableaux of Grecian statuary performed to poetic recitation or music, justified by the belief that a spiritual essence could be expressed through women’s bodies. Over one hundred Delsarte performances took place ca. 1888-1920 in fifty Iowa communities, often as benefits for community betterment. Music was essential to these exhibitions, pacing movements, and clarifying meaning, through the use of popular songs. Amateur female practitioners’ attempts to associate their bodies with the highest art of Western European culture through tableaux and pantomime were satirized in Meredith Willson’s 1957 Broadway musical, The Music Man.
Media Localism
Authors: Ali Christopher
Published: September 2017

Local media is at a turning point. Legacy outlets – television and newspapers – are declining while emerging platforms are failing to take their place. When it comes to the policies and regulations governing local television, regulators are struggling to address audience gravitation and fragmentation, the declining commercial viability of broadcasting, and the ongoing crisis of journalism. In an era of digital platforms such as YouTube and Facebook, regulators are also grappling with a question they had never anticipated: What does it mean to be local in the digital age? The lack of an answer has left them unsure of how to define a locality, what counts as local news, if the information needs of communities are being met, and the larger role of local media in a democracy. Through comparative analysis, Media Localism explains, assesses, and critiques these issues and asks how communication regulators in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom defined, mobilized and regulated “the local” in broadcasting from 2000 to 2012. Using critical theories of space and place, critical regionalism and critical political economy, and based on document analysis and interviews, Ali offers a fresh approach to localism in media policy. Through policy critique and intervention Ali argues that it is only through redefining the scope of localism that regulators can properly understand and encourage local media in the 21st century.
Introduction
Authors: Ali Christopher
Published: September 2017

The introductory chapter introduces the reader to the concept of localism in both broadcast policy and critical theory. It also provides a brief historical overview of local broadcast policy in the United States, Canada and United Kingdom, and unpacks the methods and methodologies employed in the research. More specifically, it discusses the value of document analysis and interviews to critical media policy studies, explains critical discourse analysis, and introduces the concept of critical regionalism which will be further explicated in chapter 1. Additionally, the chapter introduces the reader to two terms coined in the book: “the political economy of localism” and “default localism.” The chapter concludes with an outline of the chapters to follow.
Interventions in Localism
Authors: Ali Christopher
Published: September 2017

Chapter 7 focuses on two concrete recommendations for policy makers interested in protecting media localism and encouraging local news. The first advocates for comprehensive local media policy frameworks. These frameworks must take into account the different platforms providing local news and local media, and the different funding systems as well. The second recommendation is larger in scope and argues that we need to reclassify local news from a public good to a merit good. Based on the work of Richard Musgrave, the designation of “merit good” would allow us to justify greater regulatory interventions, such as encouraging cross-media subsidies to support local news on a variety of platforms.
“The Progeny of Jamestown”
Authors: Stanley Matthew E.
Published: September 2017

This chapter demonstrates how antebellum migration, culture, and politics laid the foundation for the region’s white supremacy, its libertarian proclivities, and its sharp class and racial hierarchies. I argue that a cross-class fear of losing the privileges associated with whiteness drove an antebellum political culture that fostered racial aversion, agnosticism toward slavery, and antipathy toward African Americans and Upper Middle West “Yankees.” These tensions resulted in a remarkably flexible conservative Unionism by 1860.
Cristi Puiu
Authors: Filimon Monica
Published: September 2017

The rise of the New Romanian Cinema in a postcommunist country without a particularly vigorous film tradition has puzzled critics and audiences alike. Its roots have been traced to Cristi Puiu’s rebellion against his compatriots’ outdated assumption that cinema is an instrument of propaganda, denunciation, or entertainment. A detailed analysis of Puiu’s work, this book underscores the gradual evolution of his approach to cinema as a form of silent witnessing and a means of personal investigation and revelation. Each chapter revolves around one film, exploring the historical, cultural, and biographical circumstances that have inspired it, its thematic and aesthetic texture, and the director’s dynamic artistic philosophy. Working through the past, the emergence of the precariat classes and the perils they face, the troubled relationship between fathers and sons, or the question of authorship are important narrative threads. The book’s central argument is that Puiu’s preference for observational cinema derives both from his personal experience as a historical subject and from his deep conviction that the image on screen can trigger viewers’ epiphany of a sacred dimension of earthly existence. Cinema is a form of testimony/confession that can underscore people’s strong bonds to each other. The only condition is that the camera should remain faithful to the observed reality and reveal its own subjectivity.