bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Home and Away. The Enlistment of Australian, Canadian, New Zealand, and South African Men in Dominion Expeditionary Forces in the United Kingdom during the Great War
Authors: Connor John
Published: January 2015

On the outbreak of war, men from the Dominions were scattered across the British Empire. As each Dominion began recruiting their expeditionary forces at home, the issue arose whether these expatriates, especially those resident in the United Kingdom, should join the British Army or be able to enlist in their Dominion's force. Canada and New Zealand allowed recruiting for the CEF and NZEF in the UK. Many Anglophone White South Africans joined a “colonial” battalion of the Royal Fusiliers. The Australian Government refused to allow Australians in the UK to join the AIF, despite the repeated requests of the Australian expatriate community. This paper examines the questions of British and sub-Imperial Dominion identities as well as the practical policy considerations raised by this issue. It argues that there is some evidence of nascent Dominion nationalism—the Canadian High Commission in London issued what became known as “a Certificate of Canadian Citizenship” to expatriates— but that Dominion Governments generally based their decisions on this issue based on cost and domestic political considerations.
Recruitment and Volunteerism for the Cypriot Mule Corps, 1916-1919. Pushed or Pulled?
Authors: Varnava Andrekos
Published: January 2015

In the summer of 1916, the British Salonica Army and the Cyprus colonial government established the Cypriot Mule Corps (officially called the Macedonian Mule Corps), composed of mostly of Christian (Eastern Orthodox, and smaller numbers of Catholics, Armenians, and Maronites) and Muslim Cypriot muleteers and interpreters. These men served mostly in Salonica during the war and in Istanbul after the armistice. Although given the title of “Macedonian” Mule Corps, it was almost exclusively Cypriot in composition, with a staggering enlistment of about 12,000 Cypriots from every religious group in Cyprus. This article explores the formation of the corps, muleteer numbers, and recruitment strategies. It argues that there were both push and pull factors in understanding the striking enlistment of between 20 and 25 per cent of peasant and labouring men aged between 18 and 39.
British Informal Empire during the Great War. Welsh Identity and Loyalty in Argentina
Authors: Harris Trevor
Published: January 2015

In Latin America, where British imperial expansion had left little administrative trace, Argentina was nonetheless profoundly affected by British investment and imported British technical expertise. Among the more modest examples of British expansionism in Argentina was the arrival, from 1865 onwards, of Welsh immigrants eager to establish a colony in Patagonia isolated from the seemingly unstoppable progress of Anglicisation by an overwhelmingly hegemonic Victorian England. By the time of the First World War, however, the Celtic character of the colony could no longer be taken for granted: Argentine government pressures had already meant that the Welsh-speaking colony was now more firmly integrated into the nation-building process. Friction which then developed between the Welsh community and the Argentine government acted as one of the push factors which sent Welsh Patagonians back to Wales and on to Australia, for example…To this process of integration the Great War added new pressures in the form of the question of loyalty to Britain during the conflict. Those who stayed in Patagonia during the war often expressed views which were pro-British and the Argentine province became a source of recruitment for the British armed services…Using a range of sources, this paper attempts to show that the Welshness of the Patagonian colonists had not destroyed their British patriotism: the latter survived and even came to the fore during the conflict of 1914-18.
Instructed pragmatics at a glance: Where instructional studies were, are, and should be going
Authors: Taguchi Naoko
Published: January 2015

This paper brings together the research and developments of instructed pragmatics over the past three decades by reporting the synthesis findings of instructional intervention studies in interlanguage pragmatics. Two questions have guided this investigation: (1) is instruction effective in learning pragmatics?; and (2) what methods are most effective in learning pragmatics? Exhaustive electronic bibliographical searches yielded a body of 58 instructional intervention studies for the review. Findings across these studies are compared and explored for common patterns and inconsistencies that emerge among them. The paper concludes with implications for future research based on the survey of the existing practice.
The roles of attention and (un)awareness in SLA: Conceptual replication of N. C. Ellis & Sagarra (2010a) and Leung & Williams (2012)
Authors: Leow Ronald P.
Published: January 2015

There is no doubt that attention and (un)awareness in second/foreign language (L2 learning) are two constructs that have permeated, explicitly or implicitly, second language acquisition (SLA) studies since their inception. Indeed, we have witnessed several empirical studies attempting to probe more deeply into the roles of these two constructs in the L2 learning process. Given the challenging methodological issue of eliciting and interpreting data on such internal processes, this paper underscores the importance and benefits of conducting replications of studies investigating both the roles of attention and awareness, or lack thereof, in the L2 learning process. A report on two key SLA studies is provided and several suggestions for replication are made for each study together with their accompanying potential benefits.
Research into Practice: Cultural and intercultural awareness
Authors: Baker Will
Published: January 2015

This article examines the role of cultural awareness (CA) and intercultural awareness (ICA) in classroom theory and practice. CA and ICA can be roughly characterised as an awareness of the role of culture in communication with CA focused on national cultures and ICA on more dynamic and flexible relationships between languages and cultures. There will be a consideration of findings from CA and ICA research that have not been well applied, those that have been well applied and those that have been over-applied to classrooms. In particular, it will be argued that CA and ICA are more prevalent in pedagogic theory, and to a lesser extent policy, than they are in practice. While the cultural dimension to language learning is now fairly mainstream, where elements of CA and ICA are applied or translated into the classroom they typically take the form of comparisons between national cultures, often in essentialist forms. There is still little evidence of classroom practice that relates to the fluid ways cultures and languages are related in intercultural communication, especially for English as a lingua franca or other languages used on a global scale.
Subdirect products of pro-p groups
Authors: KOCHLOUKOVA DESSISLAVA H. , ZALESSKII PAVEL A.
Published: January 2015

We study when a pro-p subdirect product S ⩽ G1 × . . . × Gn is of type FPm for m ⩾ 2 for some special pro-p groups Gi. In particular we treat the case when Gi is a finitely generated non-trivial free pro-p product different from C2 ∐ C2 if p = 2 or a non-abelian pro-p group from the class $\mathcal{L}$ defined in [12].
Using linked birth, notification, hospital and mortality data to examine false-positive meningococcal disease reporting and adjust disease incidence estimates for children in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: GIBSON A. , JORM L. , McINTYRE P.
Published: January 2015

Meningococcal disease is a rare, rapidly progressing condition which may be difficult to diagnose, disproportionally affects children, and has high morbidity and mortality. Accurate incidence estimates are needed to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination and treatment. We used linked notification, hospital, mortality and birth data for all children of an Australian state (2000–2007) to estimate the incidence of meningococcal disease. A total of 595 cases were notified, 684 cases had a hospital diagnosis, and 26 cases died from meningococcal disease. All deaths were notified, but only 68% (466/684) of hospitalized cases. Of non-notified hospitalized cases with more than one clinical admission, most (90%, 103/114) did not have meningococcal disease recorded as their final diagnosis, consistent with initial ‘false-positive’ hospital meningococcal disease diagnosis. After adjusting for false-positive rates in hospital data, capture–recapture estimation suggested that up to four cases of meningococcal disease may not have been captured in either notification or hospital records. The estimated incidence of meningococcal disease in NSW-born and -resident children aged 0–14 years was 5·1–5·4 cases/100 000 child-years at risk, comparable to international estimates using similar methods, but lower than estimates based on hospital data.
The effects of violence exposure on the development of impulse control and future orientation across adolescence and early adulthood: Time-specific and generalized effects in a sample of juvenile offenders
Authors: Monahan Kathryn C. , King Kevin M. , Shulman Elizabeth P. , Cauffman Elizabeth , Chassin Laurie
Published: January 2015

Impulse control and future orientation increase across adolescence, but little is known about how contextual factors shape the development of these capacities. The present study investigates how stress exposure, operationalized as exposure to violence, alters the developmental pattern of impulse control and future orientation across adolescence and early adulthood. In a sample of 1,354 serious juvenile offenders, higher exposure to violence was associated with lower levels of future orientation at age 15 and suppressed development of future orientation from ages 15 to 25. Increases in witnessing violence or victimization were linked to declines in impulse control 1 year later, but only during adolescence. Thus, beyond previous experiences of exposure to violence, witnessing violence and victimization during adolescence conveys unique risk for suppressed development of self-regulation.
The emergence of co-occurring adolescent polysubstance use and depressive symptoms: A latent growth modeling approach
Authors: Felton Julia W. , Kofler Michael J. , Lopez Cristina M. , Saunders Benjamin E. , Kilpatrick Dean G.
Published: January 2015

This study tests competing models of the relation between depression and polysubstance use over the course of adolescence. Participants included a nationwide sample of adolescents (N = 3,604), ages 12 to 17 at study Wave 1, assessed annually for 3 years. Models were tested using cohort-sequential latent growth curve modeling to determine whether depressive symptoms at baseline predicted concurrent and age-related changes in drug use, whether drug use at baseline predicted concurrent and age-related changes in depressive symptoms, and whether initial levels of depression predicted changes in substance use significantly better than vice versa. The results suggest a transactional model such that early polysubstance use promotes early depressive symptoms, which in turn convey elevated risk for increasing polysubstance use over time, which in turn conveys additional risk for future depressive symptoms, even after accounting for gender, ethnicity, and household income. In contrast, early drug use did not portend risk for future depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a complicated pattern of interrelations over time and indicate that many current models of co-occurring polysubstance use and depressive symptoms may not fully account for these associations. Instead, the results suggest a developmental cascade, in which symptoms of one disorder promote symptoms of the other across intrapersonal domains.
Nitrate controls testa rupture and water content during release of physiological dormancy in seeds of Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.
Authors: Toorop Peter E.
Published: January 2015

Seeds of Sisymbrium officinale display physiological dormancy and require nitrate to germinate. Rupture of the testa precedes radicle protrusion through the endosperm (germination sensu stricto). While both endosperm rupture and testa rupture (TR) required nitrate, endosperm rupture was fully inhibited by abscisic acid (ABA) but TR was not inhibited. The gibberellic acid (GA)-synthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol prevented TR, which was reverted by exogenous GA4 but not by nitrate. The orientation of TR was transverse, which prompted the question whether seeds elongate prior to radicle protrusion, concurrent with an increase in water content. Between 9 h and 1 d no increase in length or water content was observed. During incubation in ABA the length of imbibed seeds without TR did not increase between 1 and 5 d, whereas nitrate added to ABA induced TR and a 94% increase in length. At the same time the water content of seeds without TR increased by 18%, while the water content of seeds with TR increased by 38%. Length and water content were correlated in a single-seed analysis for seeds with TR, but not for seeds without TR. Increased length was also observed in Arabidopsis seeds with nitrate-induced TR. These results indicate that prior to endosperm rupture dormancy release by nitrate is accompanied by TR, seed elongation and an increase in water content. A new multiphasic model is proposed for the imbibition curve, where the second phase of the classical triphasic curve is split into three sub-phases, of which phases IIB and IIC are associated with TR.
Are wildfires an adapted ecological cue breaking physical dormancy in the Mediterranean basin?
Authors: Jaganathan Ganesh K.
Published: January 2015

Many studies have claimed that fire acts as the chief ecological factor cueing dormancy break in seeds with a water-impermeable seed coat, i.e. physical dormancy (PY), in Mediterranean ecosystems. However, a proposal is made that seasonal temperature changes must be viewed as more meaningful dormancy-breaking cues because: (1) fire is erratic and may break PY in seasons during which seedlings cannot complete their life cycle; (2) fire may not occur for long periods, thereby only providing an opportunity for dormancy break and germination once in every several years; and (3) if fire opens the specialized anatomical structures called ‘water gaps’, in seconds, their evolutionary role of detecting environmental conditions becomes irrational. Although fire breaks dormancy in a proportion of seeds, given the risk of seed mortality and the post-fire environment providing cues for dormancy break, it is suggested that fire might possibly be an exaptation.
A ‘social evil’: Liverpool moneylenders 1920s–1940s
Authors: FEARON PETER
Published: January 2015

During the 1920s and 1930s many working-class families needed emergency credit. Their use of pawnbrokers is well documented but the presence of a network of moneylenders, most of whom were women operating from their own homes, is not. This article examines the background to and the impact of the Moneylenders Act (1927) which was designed to reduce the number of working-class lenders, widely perceived as disreputable, in order to protect vulnerable borrowers, most of whom were women. Using Liverpool as a case-study, I also examine the possible reasons for the dramatic decline in the number of licensed moneylenders and analyse the implications of this for the provision of working-class credit.
ONE-POINT CONNECTIFICATIONS
Authors: KOUSHESH M. R.
Published: January 2015

A space $Y$ is called an extension of a space $X$ if $Y$ contains $X$ as a dense subspace. An extension $Y$ of $X$ is called a one-point extension if $Y\setminus X$ is a singleton. Compact extensions are called compactifications and connected extensions are called connectifications. It is well known that every locally compact noncompact space has a one-point compactification (known as the Alexandroff compactification) obtained by adding a point at infinity. A locally connected disconnected space, however, may fail to have a one-point connectification. It is indeed a long-standing question of Alexandroff to characterize spaces which have a one-point connectification. Here we prove that in the class of completely regular spaces, a locally connected space has a one-point connectification if and only if it contains no compact component.
Radiotherapy for histiocytic sarcoma: a case report
Authors: Bourgeois Daniel J. , Dixon Allison , Singh Anurag K.
Published: January 2015

Background

Histiocystic sarcoma is a rare, but aggressive tumour that often involves extranodal sites. Histiocystic sarcoma is recognised by the World Health Organization as one of six subtypes of dendritic cell neoplasms. Diagnosis is difficult due to overlapping immunohistochemistry with other dendritic cell neoplasms. The optimal roles for chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery in the treatment of histiocytic sarcoma remain unknown.

Methods

We report a case of a patient with histiocytic sarcoma diagnosed after excisional biopsy and immunohistochemistry testing.

Results

The patient underwent external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). After 18 Gray (Gy), the 8 cm lesion had regressed to ~5 cm in diameter. The treatments were continued to a total dose of 45 Gy with the lesion regressing to less than a centimeter by the end of treatment. Local control was maintained but the patient died of acute myelogenous leukemia 5 months after her treatment.

Conclusions

This case suggests that histicytic sarcomas can be controlled locally with EBRT.
The Development of Housing in Mexico: A Welfare Regime Approach
Authors: Leyer Ricardo Velázquez
Published: January 2015

Housing represents a basic human need. Families can access housing through public policy, market mechanisms or by their own resources. This article adopts a welfare regime approach to analyse the housing sector in Mexico. The objective is to map the Mexican housing regime and to reveal its major outcomes. The study reveals the roles that public policy, markets and families have played for housing provision in the country's recent history. Findings show that whilst recent policy changes have enhanced the government's intervention in the housing sector, they have reproduced the unequal and fragmented nature of the country's social policy, and their design based on a market rationale has not resolved the housing needs for the majority of the population. The state and markets fail to provide adequate support for the majority of Mexican families, which continue to bear the heaviest responsibility for housing provision.
Psycho-oncology: Searching for practical wisdom?
Authors: Butlin Helen
Published: January 2015

The debate is vigorous in psycho-oncology about whetherspiritual,existential, andpsychosocialare the most comprehensive terms for academic research discourses investigating meaning and purpose. A call-to-action email from the International Society of Psycho-Oncology included the termsoul. The current essay highlights the historical and contemporary uses of “soul” to suggest that the re-emergentsoulsignifies a tacit quest for an “intangible” that seems missing in current constructs of clinical domains reflected in the vigor of the debates. It is suggested that the re-emergence of the pre-Medieval meaning(s) of the notion ofsoulaffirms a growing need for integrative paradigms on “being human” to guide psycho-oncology practitioners and their research. As a paradigmatic example, a clinical support group entitledSoul Medicineis described as employing the termsoulto open up the more marginal discourses about experiences of illness arising from philosophical reflection, arts, humanities, and spirituality within a clinical oncology context. A link betweensoulandwisdomis suggested for further exploration with the view thatphronesis(“the virtue of practical wisdom”), an emerging concept in health professional education research, is of ultimate value to the people psycho-oncology seeks to serve. This group holds that garnering wisdom from the expertise of those living with cancer should be a central aim of our field.
JAZZ, THE WOUND: NEGATIVE IDENTITY, CULTURE, AND THE PROBLEM OF WEAK SUBJECTIVITY IN THEODOR ADORNO’S TWENTIETH CENTURY
Authors: OBERLE ERIC
Published: January 2015

This essay addresses the emergence of theories of “identity” in twentieth-century politics, aesthetics, and philosophy by considering Theodor Adorno's understanding of “negative identity” as a form of coercive categorization that nevertheless contains social knowledge. A historical account of the Frankfurt school's relation to questions of race, anti-Semitism, and the idea of culture, the essay analyzes Adorno's infamous jazz articles in light of the transatlantic history of Marxian political theory and its understanding of racism, subject–object relations, and models of cultural production. The result is an investigation of the history of the concept of identity, its emergence alongside the rise of cultural studies, and its relation to international cultural–aesthetic formations such as jazz. The article concludes with an examination of Adorno's critique of idealism, cultural identity, and nationalism in light of the “wounded” political subjectivity of the modern era.
On the margins of health economics: a response to ‘resolving NICE’S nasty dilemma’
Authors: Birch Stephen , Gafni Amiram
Published: January 2015

In a 2011 article published in this journal, Baker et al. set out to resolve a nasty dilemma for NICE by reconciling two approaches for determining whether adopting a new intervention would increase total health gains produced from available resources and hence increase system efficiency. In this response we show how the proposed reconciliation, as well as the two approaches on which it is based, fail to inform decision makers about the efficiency of a new intervention. We show how this arises from the misuse of incremental costs and effects of between-intervention comparisons as measures of changes in costs and effects associated with marginal adjustments to the scale of an intervention. Ironically, incremental data represent the choices faced by decision makers and we illustrate a method for determining unambiguously whether a new intervention represents an improvement in efficiency.
CONTINGENCY AND KNOWING WHETHER
Authors: FAN JIE , WANG YANJING , DITMARSCH HANS VAN
Published: January 2015

A proposition is noncontingent, if it is necessarily true or it is necessarily false. In an epistemic context, ‘a proposition is noncontingent’ means that you knowwhetherthe proposition is true. In this paper, we study contingency logic with the noncontingency operator Δ but without the necessity operator □. This logic is not a normal modal logic, because Δ(φ→ψ) → (Δφ→ Δψ) is not valid. Contingency logic cannot define many usual frame properties, and its expressive power is weaker than that of basic modal logic over classes of models without reflexivity. These features make axiomatizing contingency logics nontrivial, especially for the axiomatization oversymmetricframes. In this paper, we axiomatize contingency logics over various frame classes using a novel method other than the methods provided in the literature, based on the ‘almost-definability’ schema AD proposed in our previous work. We also present extensions of contingency logic with dynamic operators. Finally, we compare our work to the related work in the fields of contingency logic and ignorance logic, where the two research communities have similar results but are apparently unaware of each other’s work. One goal of our paper is to bridge this gap.
Bandwidth enhancement of capacitive fed monopole antenna using parasitic patches
Authors: Ayyadurai Kamalaveni , Muthu Ganesh Madhan
Published: January 2015

This paper proposed a compact planar monopole antenna operating at 5 GHz (5.180–5.825 GHz) industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio band. The antenna constructed with 20 mm × 12 mm radiating element and 25 mm square of the ground plane in FR4 substrate provided −10 dB bandwidth of 1 GHz (5.4–6.4 GHz). To improve the bandwidth, parasitic elements are added with the monopole antenna. A capacitive feed is also incorporated in the design. It observed that the proposed antenna with parasitic elements provides a larger impedance bandwidth of about 3 GHz (5.1–8.1 GHz), which is three-fold improvements over the one without parasitic patches. The prototype of the antenna that operates at 5.8 GHz frequency range is fabricated and characterized using a near-field measurement system. A good agreement is found between the simulation and measured results.
Power performance of 65 nm CMOS integrated LDMOS transistors at WLAN and X-band frequencies
Authors: Lotfi Sara , Bengtsson Olof , Olsson Jörgen
Published: January 2015

Laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) transistors with 10 V breakdown voltage have been implemented in a 65 nm Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process without extra masks or process steps. Radio frequency (RF) performance for Wireless local area network (WLAN) frequencies and in X-band at 8 GHz is investigated by load-pull measurements in class AB operation for both 3.3 and 5 V supply voltage. Results at 2.45 GHz showed 290 mW/mm output power density with 17 dB linear gain and over 45% power added efficiency (PAE) at 4 dB compression at a supply voltage of 5 V. Furthermore, results in X-band at 8 GHz show 8 dB linear gain, 320 mW/mm output power density and over 22% PAE at 4 dB compression. Third-order intermodulation measurements at 8 GHz revealed OIP3 of 18.9 and 21.9 dBm at 3.3 and 5 V, respectively. The transistors were also tested for reliability which showed no drift in quiescent current after 26 h of DC stress while high-power RF stress showed only small extrapolated drift at 10 years in output power density. This is to the authors' knowledge the first time high output power density in X-band is demonstrated for integrated LDMOS transistors manufactured in a 65 nm CMOS process without extra process steps.
Pain-Related Attitudes and Functioning in Elderly Primary Care Patients
Authors: Miró Jordi , Queral Rosa , Nolla Maria del Carme
Published: January 2015

This study examined the associations between specific pain-related beliefs and both mental health and pain interference in elderly patients with chronic pain. A total of 139 patients completed validated questionnaires assessing pain domains (i.e., intensity, duration and location), psychological functioning, pain interference and demographic variables. Pain-related beliefs were related with poorer mental health (Disability = –.27; Harm = –.23; Solicitude = –.24; Control = .18; Emotion = –.29) and greater interference in daily activities (Disability =.41; Harm =.13; Solicitude =.29; Control = –.31). Our findings are consistent with a biopsychosocial model of chronic pain which goes beyond physical variables in an attempt to understand and promote patients’ adjustment to chronic pain problems.
Interpersonal Self-Support and Attentional Disengagement from Emotional Faces
Authors: Xia Ling - Xiang , Shi Xu - Liang , Zhang Ran - Ran , Hollon Steven D.
Published: January 2015

Prior studies have shown that interpersonal self-support is related to emotional symptoms. The present study explored the relationship between interpersonal self-support and attentional disengagement from emotional faces. A spatial cueing task was administrated to 21 high and 24 low interpersonal self-support Chinese undergraduate students to assess difficulty in shifting away from emotional faces. The Sidak corrected multiple pairwise tests revealed that the low interpersonal self-support group had greater response latencies on negative faces than neutral faces or positive faces in the invalid cues condition,F(2, 41) = 5.68,p< .01, η2= .22. In addition, in the invalid cues condition, the low interpersonal self-support group responded more slowly than the high interpersonal self-support group to negative faces,F(1, 42) = 7.63,p< .01, η2= .15, the 95% confidence interval for difference of reaction time from 16.30 to 104.70. The results support our hypotheses that low interpersonal self-support is related to difficulty disengaging from negative emotional information and suggest that interpersonal self-support may refer to emotional dispositions, especially negative emotional dispositions.
Wunscharbeitsfeld „Kindertageseinrichtung“
Authors: Fuchs-Rechlin Kirsten , Göddeke Lorette , Smidt Wilfried , Theisen Christiane
Published: January 2015

Die Kindertageseinrichtung stellt für Absolvent(inn)en der Erzieherausbildung und frühpädagogischer Bachelorstudiengänge ein potentielles Arbeitsfeld für die berufliche Erstplatzierung dar. In der ÜFA-Studie interessieren sich mehr als die Hälfte aller befragten Fachschüler(innen) und etwa ein Drittel der Studierenden für das Arbeitsfeld der Kindertageseinrichtung. Vor dem Hintergrund einer sozialökologischen Perspektive wird untersucht, unter welchen Bedingungen sich bei den Absolvent(inn)en eine Arbeitsfeldpräferenz zugunsten der Kindertageseinrichtungen bereits während der Ausbildung bzw. des Studiums zeigt. Mit Hilfe einer binär-logistischen Regression kann aufgezeigt werden, dass weniger organisationsbezogene Merkmale wie beispielsweise die Art der Institution (Fachschule oder Hochschule) als vielmehr personenbezogene und soziale Merkmale wie Berufswahlmotive, Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und der Bildungshintergrund einen Einfluss haben.
Epistemologische Überzeugungen zur Mathematik von ErzieherInnen und PrimarstufenlehrerInnen im Vergleich
Authors: Levin Anne , Meyer-Siever Katja , Gläser Johanna
Published: January 2015

Im Rahmen des Projektes AnschlussM wurden 1525 LehrerInnen und ErzieherInnen in Bremen und Baden-Württemberg zu ihren epistemologischen Überzeugungen zur Natur von Mathematik, zum Lehren und Lernen von Mathematik und zur Natur mathematischer Leistungen befragt. Es zeigen sich durchgehend signifikante Unterschiede nicht nur zwischen LehrerInnen und ErzieherInnen, sondern auch zwischen LehrerInnen mit einem Fachstudium in Mathematik und LehrerInnen ohne Mathematikstudium derart, dass LehrerInnen mit einem Fachstudium in Mathematik sich eindeutiger zu den Überzeugungen zur Mathematik positionieren, sei es in einer deutlicheren Ablehnung oder Zustimmung. Unterschiede zwischen den Bundesländern sind nur im Einzelfall zu beobachten.
Die Verankerung der Transitionsthematik in Studium und Ausbildung
Authors: Henkel Jennifer , Neuß Norbert
Published: January 2015

Im Rahmen des BMBF-Förderprogramms „Kooperation von Elementar- und Primarbereich“ erforschte das Projekt „VElPri“ die Bearbeitung der Übergangsthematik in den Qualifikationswegen von ErzieherInnen, KindheitspädagogInnen und LehrerInnen. Der Artikel legt den Schwerpunkt auf die Sicht der Lernenden. Anhand einer Onlinebefragung (n = 2063) wurde erfasst, wie häufig und intensiv die Thematik „Übergang Kita-Grundschule“ in Studium und Ausbildung bearbeitet wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen Unterschiede zwischen und innerhalb der Gruppen auf. Insgesamt wird die Häufigkeit und die Intensität der Bearbeitung der Übergangsthematik als eher gering eingeschätzt.
Aerobic and anaerobic nitrogen transformation processes in N2-fixing cyanobacterial aggregates
Authors: Klawonn Isabell , Bonaglia Stefano , Brüchert Volker , Ploug Helle
Published: January 2015

Colonies of N2-fixing cyanobacteria are key players in supplying new nitrogen to the ocean, but the biological fate of this fixed nitrogen remains poorly constrained. Here, we report on aerobic and anaerobic microbial nitrogen transformation processes that co-occur within millimetre-sized cyanobacterial aggregates (Nodularia spumigena) collected in aerated surface waters in the Baltic Sea. Microelectrode profiles showed steep oxygen gradients inside the aggregates and the potential for nitrous oxide production in the aggregates’ anoxic centres. 15N-isotope labelling experiments and nutrient analyses revealed that N2 fixation, ammonification, nitrification, nitrate reduction to ammonium, denitrification and possibly anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) can co-occur within these consortia. Thus, N. spumigena aggregates are potential sites of nitrogen gain, recycling and loss. Rates of nitrate reduction to ammonium and N2 were limited by low internal nitrification rates and low concentrations of nitrate in the ambient water. Presumably, patterns of N-transformation processes similar to those observed in this study arise also in other phytoplankton colonies, marine snow and fecal pellets. Anoxic microniches, as a pre-condition for anaerobic nitrogen transformations, may occur within large aggregates (⩾1 mm) even when suspended in fully oxygenated waters, whereas anoxia in small aggregates (<1 to ⩾0.1 mm) may only arise in low-oxygenated waters (⩽25 μm). We propose that the net effect of aggregates on nitrogen loss is negligible in NO3−-depleted, fully oxygenated (surface) waters. In NO3−-enriched (>1.5 μm), O2-depleted water layers, for example, in the chemocline of the Baltic Sea or the oceanic mesopelagic zone, aggregates may promote N-recycling and -loss processes.
The physiology and ecological implications of efficient growth
Authors: Roller Benjamin R K , Schmidt Thomas M
Published: January 2015

The natural habitats of microbes are typically spatially structured with limited resources, so opportunities for unconstrained, balanced growth are rare. In these habitats, selection should favor microbes that are able to use resources most efficiently, that is, microbes that produce the most progeny per unit of resource consumed. On the basis of this assertion, we propose that selection for efficiency is a primary driver of the composition of microbial communities. In this article, we review how the quality and quantity of resources influence the efficiency of heterotrophic growth. A conceptual model proposing innate differences in growth efficiency between oligotrophic and copiotrophic microbes is also provided. We conclude that elucidation of the mechanisms underlying efficient growth will enhance our understanding of the selective pressures shaping microbes and will improve our capacity to manage microbial communities effectively.
Diverse protist grazers select for virulence-related traits in Legionella
Authors: Amaro Francisco , Wang Wen , Gilbert Jack A , Roger Anderson O , Shuman Howard A
Published: January 2015

It is generally accepted that selection for resistance to grazing by protists has contributed to the evolution of Legionella pneumophila as a pathogen. Grazing resistance is becoming more generally recognized as having an important role in the ecology and evolution of bacterial pathogenesis. However, selection for grazing resistance presupposes the existence of protist grazers that provide the selective pressure. To determine whether there are protists that graze on pathogenic Legionella species, we investigated the existence of such organisms in a variety of environmental samples. We isolated and characterized diverse protists that graze on L. pneumophila and determined the effects of adding L. pneumophila on the protist community structures in microcosms made from these environmental samples. Several unrelated organisms were able to graze efficiently on L. pneumophila. The community structures of all samples were markedly altered by the addition of L. pneumophila. Surprisingly, some of the Legionella grazers were closely related to species that are known hosts for L. pneumophila, indicating the presence of unknown specificity determinants for this interaction. These results provide the first direct support for the hypothesis that protist grazers exert selective pressure on Legionella to acquire and retain adaptations that contribute to survival, and that these properties are relevant to the ability of the bacteria to cause disease in people. We also report a novel mechanism of killing of amoebae by one Legionella species that requires an intact Type IV secretion system but does not involve intracellular replication. We refer to this phenomenon as ‘food poisoning’.
Connecting biodiversity and potential functional role in modern euxinic environments by microbial metagenomics
Authors: Llorens-Marès Tomàs , Yooseph Shibu , Goll Johannes , Hoffman Jeff , Vila-Costa Maria , Borrego Carles M , Dupont Chris L , Casamayor Emilio O
Published: January 2015

Stratified sulfurous lakes are appropriate environments for studying the links between composition and functionality in microbial communities and are potentially modern analogs of anoxic conditions prevailing in the ancient ocean. We explored these aspects in the Lake Banyoles karstic area (NE Spain) through metagenomics and in silico reconstruction of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur metabolic pathways that were tightly coupled through a few bacterial groups. The potential for nitrogen fixation and denitrification was detected in both autotrophs and heterotrophs, with a major role for nitrogen and carbon fixations in Chlorobiaceae. Campylobacterales accounted for a large percentage of denitrification genes, while Gallionellales were putatively involved in denitrification, iron oxidation and carbon fixation and may have a major role in the biogeochemistry of the iron cycle. Bacteroidales were also abundant and showed potential for dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. The very low abundance of genes for nitrification, the minor presence of anammox genes, the high potential for nitrogen fixation and mineralization and the potential for chemotrophic CO2 fixation and CO oxidation all provide potential clues on the anoxic zones functioning. We observed higher gene abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria than ammonia-oxidizing archaea that may have a geochemical and evolutionary link related to the dominance of Fe in these environments. Overall, these results offer a more detailed perspective on the microbial ecology of anoxic environments and may help to develop new geochemical proxies to infer biology and chemistry interactions in ancient ecosystems.
BCL11A is a triple-negative breast cancer gene with critical functions in stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Khaled Walid T. , Choon Lee Song , Stingl John , Chen Xiongfeng , Raza Ali H. , Rueda Oscar M. , Hadi Fazal , Wang Juexuan , Yu Yong , Chin Suet-Feung , Stratton Mike , Futreal Andy , Jenkins Nancy A. , Aparicio Sam , Copeland Neal G. , Watson Christine J. , Caldas Carlos , Liu Pentao
Published: January 2015

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has poor prognostic outcome compared with other types of breast cancer. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying TNBC pathology are not fully understood. Here, we report that the transcription factor BCL11A is overexpressed in TNBC including basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) and that its genomic locus is amplified in up to 38% of BLBC tumours. Exogenous BCL11A overexpression promotes tumour formation, whereas its knockdown in TNBC cell lines suppresses their tumourigenic potential in xenograft models. In the DMBA-induced tumour model, Bcl11a deletion substantially decreases tumour formation, even in p53-null cells and inactivation of Bcl11a in established tumours causes their regression. At the cellular level, Bcl11a deletion causes a reduction in the number of mammary epithelial stem and progenitor cells. Thus, BCL11A has an important role in TNBC and normal mammary epithelial cells. This study highlights the importance of further investigation of BCL11A in TNBC-targeted therapies.
A Highly Efficient Approach to Protein Interactome Mapping Based on Collaborative Filtering Framework
Authors: Luo Xin , You Zhuhong , Zhou Mengchu , Li Shuai , Leung Hareton , Xia Yunni , Zhu Qingsheng
Published: January 2015

The comprehensive mapping of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is highly desired for one to gain deep insights into both fundamental cell biology processes and the pathology of diseases. Finely-set small-scale experiments are not only very expensive but also inefficient to identify numerous interactomes despite their high accuracy. High-throughput screening techniques enable efficient identification of PPIs; yet the desire to further extract useful knowledge from these data leads to the problem of binary interactome mapping. Network topology-based approaches prove to be highly efficient in addressing this problem; however, their performance deteriorates significantly on sparse putative PPI networks. Motivated by the success of collaborative filtering (CF)-based approaches to the problem of personalized-recommendation on large, sparse rating matrices, this work aims at implementing a highly efficient CF-based approach to binary interactome mapping. To achieve this, we first propose a CF framework for it. Under this framework, we model the given data into an interactome weight matrix, where the feature-vectors of involved proteins are extracted. With them, we design the rescaled cosine coefficient to model the inter-neighborhood similarity among involved proteins, for taking the mapping process. Experimental results on three large, sparse datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms several sophisticated topology-based approaches significantly.
Fluorescent silver nanocluster DNA probes for multiplexed detection using microfluidic capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Del Bonis-O'Donnell Jackson Travis , Fygenson Deborah K. , Pennathur Sumita
Published: January 2015

We tune the electrophoretic mobilities of silver nanocluster DNA probes for Hepatitis A, B and C targets for single-color multiplexing by microfluidic capillary electrophoresis.
Comparison of the different responses of surface plasmon resonance and quartz crystal microbalance techniques at solid–liquid interfaces under various experimental conditions
Authors: Fang Jiajie , Ren Chunlai , Zhu Tao , Wang Kaiyu , Jiang Zhongying , Ma Yuqiang
Published: January 2015

The different characteristics of surface plasmon resonance and quartz crystal microbalance techniques under different experimental scenarios are discussed.
The pituitary gland under infrared light – in search of a representative spectrum for homogeneous regions
Authors: Banas A. , Banas K. , Furgal-Borzych A. , Kwiatek W. M. , Pawlicki B. , Breese M. B. H.
Published: January 2015

This work focuses on obtaining unique representative FTIR spectrum characteristic for one type of cells architecture. Presented idea is based on using of HCA for data evaluation to search for uniform patterns within samples from the perspective of FTIR spectra.
Highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for dopamine with a double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid/gold nanoparticle/graphene modified electrode
Authors: Wang Wencheng , Cheng Yong , Yan Lijun , Zhu Huanhuan , Li Guangjiu , Li Jing , Sun Wei
Published: January 2015

A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of dopamine was realized with a double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid/gold nanoparticles/graphene modified carbon ionic liquid electrode.
Impact of surface chemistry and topography on the function of antigen presenting cells
Authors: Rostam H. M. , Singh S. , Vrana N. E. , Alexander M. R. , Ghaemmaghami A. M.
Published: January 2015

The impact of biomaterial surface topography and chemistry on antigen presenting cells’ phenotype and function.
Identification of novel interactors of human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA
Authors: Pagano Bruno , Margarucci Luigi , Zizza Pasquale , Amato Jussara , Iaccarino Nunzia , Cassiano Chiara , Salvati Erica , Novellino Ettore , Biroccio Annamaria , Casapullo Agostino , Randazzo Antonio
Published: January 2015

Starting from a chemoproteomic-driven approach, novel human telomeric G-quadruplex binding proteins were identified that directly bind the DNA structure in vitro and colocalize with such structures in cells.
A multiplex fluorophore molecular beacon: detection of the target sequence using large Stokes shift and multiple emission signal properties
Authors: Joo Han Na , Seo Young Jun
Published: January 2015

We have developed a multiplex fluorophore molecular beacon (mfMB) with fluorophores located at its end to produce unique FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer). It exhibited diverse fluorescence properties depending on the mixing pattern, such as large Stokes shift emission and multiple colors.
Third-body effects of native surfactants on Pt nanoparticle electrocatalysts in proton exchange fuel cells
Authors: Chung Young-Hoon , Kim Soo Jin , Chung Dong Young , Park Hee Young , Sung Yung-Eun , Yoo Sung Jong , Jang Jong Hyun
Published: January 2015

The third-body effect of oleylamine could enhance the oxygen reduction reaction of Pt nanoparticles in the presence of specifically adsorbed anions despite the quite small electrochemical surface active area.
Pd(0)-catalyzed chemoselective construction of spirocarbocycles via an alkyne insertion/β-naphthol dearomatization cascade
Authors: Zheng Huayu , Bai Lu , Liu Jingjing , Nan Jiang , Zuo Zhijun , Yang Liu , Wang Yaoyu , Luan Xinjun
Published: January 2015

A highly chemoselective route to obtain spiro[indene-1,1′-naphthalen]-2′-ones via a microwave-assisted Pd(0)-catalyzed alkyne migratory insertion/β-naphthol dearomatization cascade is described.
Target profiling of zerumbone using a novel cell-permeable clickable probe and quantitative chemical proteomics
Authors: Kalesh Karunakaran A. , Clulow James A. , Tate Edward W.
Published: January 2015

The first target profile for zerumbone in live cancer cells determined through quantitative competitive chemical proteomics with a cell-permeable probe.
A novel aromatic carbocation-based coupling reagent for esterification and amidation reactions
Authors: Nguyen Thanh V. , Lyons Demelza J. M.
Published: January 2015

Driven by aromatization: a novel tropylium-based coupling reagent has been developed to facilitate nucleophilic coupling reactions of carboxylic acids.
Niobium-nitrides derived from nitrogen splitting
Authors: Searles Keith , Carroll Patrick J. , Chen Chun-Hsing , Pink Maren , Mindiola Daniel J.
Published: January 2015

Under reducing conditions the complex [(ArO)2Nb(μ-Cl)Cl2]2 undergoes a series of color changes which ultimately result in the splitting of atmospheric N2 to form nitride species. Nb(iv) and Nb(iii) species produced in this interesting transformation have been isolated and the possibility of a Nb(ii) species being responsible in the N2 activation and splitting process is discussed.
Highly selective adsorption of ethylene over ethane in a MOF featuring the combination of open metal site and π-complexation
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Li Baiyan , Krishna Rajamani , Wu Zili , Ma Dingxuan , Shi Zhan , Pham Tony , Forrest Katherine , Space Brian , Ma Shengqian
Published: January 2015

A MOF featuring the combination of open metal site and π-complexation demonstrates exceptional ethylene–ethane adsorption selectivity at 318 K.
Single-base mismatch discrimination by T7 exonuclease with target cyclic amplification detection
Authors: Wu Zhen-Kun , Zhou Dian-Ming , Wu Zhan , Chu Xia , Yu Ru-Qin , Jiang Jian-Hui
Published: January 2015

T7 exonuclease is reported for the first time to have high specificity in discriminating single-base mismatch.
A survey of advancements in nucleic acid-based logic gates and computing for applications in biotechnology and biomedicine
Authors: Wu Cuichen , Wan Shuo , Hou Weijia , Zhang Liqin , Xu Jiehua , Cui Cheng , Wang Yanyue , Hu Jun , Tan Weihong
Published: January 2015

Nucleic acid based logic systems have been rationally designed and functionalized to better serve bioanalytical and biomedical applications.
Preparation of phenanthrenes from ortho-amino-biphenyls and alkynes via base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution
Authors: Hartmann Marcel , Daniliuc Constantin Gabriel , Studer Armido
Published: January 2015

Phenanthrenes are prepared from ortho-aminobiphenyls and acetylenes via base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution.
Microbial electrosynthesis of butyrate from carbon dioxide
Authors: Ganigué R. , Puig S. , Batlle-Vilanova P. , Balaguer M. D. , Colprim J.
Published: January 2015

This work proves for the first time the bioelectrochemical production of butyrate from CO2as a sole carbon source.