bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IoT role in women safety: A systematic literature review
Authors: Asharani R  , Nayana R  , Harish GN
Published: October 2024

Safety has become a major concern for women, children, and even the elderly from all walks of life. Today, women can compete with men in every field, but unfortunately, this progress often comes at the cost of abuse, harassment, and brutality in public places and even at home. Women are not always allowed to leave their homes freely or go to work in peace. In such situations, they may feel helpless and unable to protect themselves or alert their family, neighbors, or the police. Due to the lack of safety measures, crime rates against women and children in India have risen to unprecedented levels. Therefore, systems must be in place to protect them during such times. Greater awareness and technological support are needed to reduce the number of crimes against women and children.The Internet of Things (IoT) is playing a key role in improving women’s safety through various innovative applications and technologies. This review was conducted based on research articles published in reliable media, such as journal articles and conference papers. The results showed that different types of sensors are used to detect women’s conditions, including pulse, movement, and body temperature, which can pose safety issues. Pressure sensors are the most commonly used in these devices. Moreover, these devices transmitted alerts using various technologies, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). These were connected to small computers, such as Raspberry Pi, and microcontrollers, such as Arduino.
Population dynamics of the main necrophagous Diptera in the sub-Sudanese zone of Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Hassane DAO  , Drissa FONDIO  , Eurudice Carine Yapibié YAPO  , Prisca Gnanda EHOUNOU  , Kouamé Jacques Léonce YAO  , Louis Roi Nondenot ABOUA
Published: October 2024

The objective of this work was to identify the population variation of the main necrophagous Diptera in the sub-Sudanese zone of Côte d'Ivoire. Three traps, inspired by Upton's and using pig liver and viscera as bait were placed on the site of the Botanical Garden of Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University and Lataha located 10 km from the Botanical Garden. Weekly captures were taken from October 4, 2018 to October 3, 2019. In total, 194,853 individuals from the Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae and Muscidae were collected. Calliphoridae represented 48%, Sarcophagidae 24% and Muscidae 28% in the Botanical Garden site and in Lataha, Calliphoridae presented 52%, Sarcophagidae 27% and Muscidae 21%. Chrysomya albiceps, Sarcophaga carnaria and Musca domestica were the majority species. The numbers of these three species were higher at relative humidity levels reaching 70 to 85%. A correlation between relative humidity and the numbers of these three species was observed. Apart from relative humidity, these results show that other climatic parameters have a weak influence on the activity of Chrysomya albiceps, Sarcophaga carnaria and Musca domestica. During this study, temperature and rainfall had little influence on the variation in the numbers of these three main species of necrophagous insects. However, the numbers of the three species were correlated with relative humidity levels.
Corporate marketing in modern hospitals and satisfaction level of corporate clients in Bangladesh
Authors: Somaiyah Sarwar  , Tapan Kumar Biswas  , Md. Mostafa Kamal  , Swapna Chowdhury  , Shuma Roy  , Tanjina Shahid  , Farah Tiyaba Tabassum
Published: October 2024

The study's abstract emphasizes the Marketing Department's dual responsibility in creating external awareness and disseminating internal information in modern hospitals. To improve service quality and management decision-making, the department keeps an eye on patient happiness and oversees communication, advertising, corporate agreements and feedback methods. Key research findings show that while corporate patients generally value the department's cutting-edge technology and the expertise of its staff, they do have reservations about the department's responsiveness and punctuality, particularly with regard to inpatient care. Patients in the Outpatient Department (OPD) expressed greater levels of satisfaction than those in the Inpatient Department (IPD), where patients expressed greater dissatisfaction with personalized care and error correction. To increase general patient happiness, recommendations include enhancing service speed, providing personnel training, and attending to particular patient requirements.
Water footprint and virtual water assessment for textile industries of Bangladesh
Authors: Nabil Ahemed Piyash  , Salah Uddin Ahmed Dipu
Published: October 2024

The textile and garment industry in Bangladesh, a significant contributor to the national economy and major exporters, heavily consumes water and causes environmental pollution. This thesis evaluates the water usage and pollution in the sector by assessing its blue, green, and grey water footprints, focusing on the dyeing, printing, and finishing stages in three industries: KDS, FOURH, and AMBER. The study aims to provide insights into the virtual water footprint and current water management practices, identifying areas for improvement to promote sustainable water resource management in the textile industry.
Optimizing treasury management in a high-inflation environment: A strategic framework for U.S. Financial Institutions
Authors: Boris A Koffi  , Jodian Campbell
Published: October 2024

There has been a considerable innovative rise in the United States' financial institutions achievable through numerous implementations including treasury management optimization irrespective of the high inflation rate. Treasury management tends to be an important technique viable in managing risks in this world of increasing cyberattacks on financial institutions. To effectively counter this threat, financial institutions must implement a comprehensive risk management technique, among which is the Repo risk management technique. This article, through an extensive literature review, aims to analyze possible means of improving risk management in US financial institutions during high inflation through treasury management optimization strategies. The roles of treasury management were effectively analyzed, and the effects of high inflation in optimizing cash flows through liquidity risk management.
AI-driven decarbonization of buildings: Leveraging predictive analytics and automation for sustainable energy management
Authors: Feyisayo Ajayi  , Osho Moses Ademola  , Kafilat Funmilola Amuda  , Bolape Alade
Published: October 2024

The decarbonization of buildings is a pivotal strategy in addressing global climate change, and artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool in this process. This paper explores the application of AI in optimizing building energy consumption, focusing on predictive analytics, real-time energy monitoring, and smart energy systems. By leveraging machine learning algorithms, AI enhances energy efficiency through precise automation, particularly in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. AI-powered demand response solutions dynamically adjust energy use based on factors like occupancy, weather patterns, and energy prices, further minimizing carbon footprints. Additionally, the integration of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind with AI-driven energy management systems enables smarter utilization of clean energy. The paper examines both new construction projects and the retrofitting of existing infrastructures, offering insights into AI’s role in reducing carbon emissions and improving energy sustainability. Case studies highlight successful implementations, underscoring AI’s ability to drive significant energy savings and carbon reduction. The study also discusses challenges such as data privacy, the high cost of AI technology, and the regulatory framework required for widespread adoption. The findings present AI as an essential component of the future of sustainable, carbon-neutral buildings.
Optimizing University administrative structures: Strategies for enhancing efficiency and effectiveness in higher education institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Jacob O. Sule
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the inefficiencies within Nigerian university administrative structures, prompted by ongoing challenges such as bureaucratic bottlenecks, poor coordination between academic and administrative units, and insufficient technological integration. These issues have hindered the effectiveness of university operations and negatively impacted staff and student satisfaction. The research adopted a mixed-methods approach, using both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather data from select Nigerian universities. The survey measured perceptions of administrative inefficiencies through Likert-scale questions, while interviews with key stakeholders provided deeper insights into structural challenges. The findings revealed significant delays in decision-making, caused by hierarchical administrative structures, as well as a lack of communication between academic and administrative units. Additionally, technological integration was found to be inconsistent and inadequate, exacerbated by financial constraints and insufficient training. These results were consistent with prior studies, highlighting the need for structural reforms to enhance efficiency. The study concluded that optimizing university administrative structures requires decentralizing decision-making, improving communication between departments, investing in modern technology, and implementing clear accountability mechanisms. Based on these findings, the study recommended promoting collaborative practices, adopting digital solutions, and fostering transparency to rebuild trust within the university community. Addressing these inefficiencies is crucial for improving institutional performance and ensuring Nigerian universities remain competitive in a rapidly evolving global educational landscape.
Combating food waste in the agricultural supply chain: A systematic review of supply chain optimization strategies and their sustainability benefits
Authors: Oluwakemi Betty Arowosegbe  , Catherine Ballali  , Kyei Richard Kofi  , Mutolib Kehinde Adeshina  , Jumoke Agbelusi  , Mohammad Awwal Adeshina
Published: October 2024

Food waste represents a significant global challenge, with approximately one-third of all food produced for human consumption lost or wasted annually, leading to severe environmental, economic, and social consequences. The issue not only exacerbates food insecurity but also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, waste of resources, and economic losses estimated at over $1 trillion each year. This paper aims to systematically review the causes of food waste across agricultural supply chains and explore effective supply chain optimization strategies to mitigate these losses. Through a comprehensive analysis, the paper identifies critical drivers of food waste, including post-harvest losses, inefficient processing, and aesthetic standards, while proposing technological innovations such as the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and artificial intelligence (AI) as solutions to enhance supply chain efficiency. Furthermore, it evaluates policy frameworks that support waste reduction, highlighting the role of government incentives and regulations in promoting sustainable practices. The findings underscore the importance of reducing food waste not only for environmental sustainability but also for economic profitability, as optimizing supply chains can lead to substantial cost savings and increased revenue for businesses. Ultimately, the paper emphasizes the necessity for collaboration among stakeholders—including governments, industries, and non-profit organizations—to create systemic change and effectively combat food waste on a global scale. By fostering innovative practices and policies, we can pave the way for a more sustainable agricultural future, ultimately contributing to the alleviation of food insecurity and the enhancement of economic resilience.
The impact of social media on mental health and well-being
Authors: Oluwatosin Esther Ajewumi  , Victoria Magbagbeola  , Ogechi Christine Kalu  , Racheal Ada Ike  , Okunjolu Folajimi  , Christianah Omolola Diyaolu
Published: October 2024

The rise of social media has transformed the landscape of interpersonal communication, presenting both opportunities and challenges for mental health and well-being. This article explores the multifaceted impact of social media on individuals, particularly focusing on its psychological effects. Research indicates that social media can foster a sense of community and belonging, providing users with social support and a platform for self-expression. However, it also has a darker side, as excessive use can lead to increased feelings of anxiety, depression, and loneliness. The phenomenon of social comparison is amplified on these platforms, where curated representations of life can distort reality, leading to dissatisfaction and low self-esteem among users. Moreover, cyberbullying and negative interactions can further exacerbate mental health issues, particularly in younger populations. This article reviews current literature on the subject, highlighting the importance of understanding these dynamics for developing effective mental health interventions and promoting responsible social media use. By analysing both the positive and negative aspects of social media, this study aims to provide a balanced perspective that encourages users to cultivate healthy online habits and supports mental well-being in a digital age.
Analysis of financial ratios in measuring pt Unilever’s financial performance in 2020-2023
Authors: Singgih Ardhi Prabowo  , Andi Wijayanto  , Ngatno
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to show the company's financial ratios PT. Unilever Indonesia, Tbk. Consisting of: liquidity ratio (Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Cash Ratio), activity ratio (Inventory Turn Over, Fixed Asset Turn Over, Total Assets Turn Over), solvency ratio (total Debt to Total Asset, Total Debt to Equity Ratio), and profitability ratios (Net Profit Margin, Return on Investment, Return on Equity). The type of research conducted is descriptive research. The focus of the research is the company's financial statements, which consist of a balance sheet, and income statement for the period 2020-2023. The research was conducted through the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) on the website. The data source used is secondary data. The data collection technique used in this research is documentation. The data analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis using financial ratio analysis. The results of the analysis of financial ratios consisting of liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, activity ratios, and profitability ratios for the 2020-2023 period.
Review on Status of Strongylosis in Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Abrahim Dawed , Dahesa Gelan Dule , Kebede Isayas Asefa
Published: October 2024

1, 2, 3,*
Exploring the influences of surrounding environments on students' habits
Authors: Bakri Fitriyani , Halim Abd , Hasbi Muhammad , Halim Nur Mutmainna
Published: October 2024

Acknowledging that students are intricately woven into diverse physical, social, and cultural fabric forms, this study aims to explore the multifaceted impact of the surrounding environment on the habits of students. This study employed a correlational research design to investigate the relationship between the family environment (X1) and the school environment (X2) on students' habits at IBC School Makassar (Y). The study conducted a comprehensive approach encompassing academic and non-academic habits to provide a nuanced understanding of the intricate. Through a correlational design, the study analyses various environmental factors, including home environment and school environment. By analyzing the impact of these variables on the routines of students, the study seeks to discern recurring trends and associations that facilitate the formation and reinforcement of particular conduct. The population of this study was students at IBC School Makassar in the academic year of 2023/2024. The researchers selected 1 class of 10 students as samples of the study. The data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires regarding the students' habits, familial environment, and school environment. According to the research findings, the assertion that family and school environments have a one hundred percent impact on students' behaviors at IBC School Makassar is a strong statement. Both family and school environments play pivotal roles in shaping student behavior. The interplay between these two environments is crucial for the holistic development of students.
Waves in the marine area near Cape Svobodny (south-eastern part of Sakhalin Island)
Authors:   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the Far Eastern Branch of RAS, Kovalev D.P. , Kovalev P.D. ,   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the Far Eastern Branch of RAS, Borisov A.S. ,   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the Far Eastern Branch of RAS, Kirillov K.V. ,   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the Far Eastern Branch of RAS
Published: October 2024

A study of wave processes near Cape Svobodny on the south-eastern coast of the island Sakhalin using autonomous wave recorders and a weather station has been performed. Analysis of five-month data of sea level and temperature, atmospheric pressure and wind speed revealed that there are no significant peaks for wind and infragravity (IG) waves in the wave period range 2–600 s, and the wave energy is lower at the point protected by Cape Svobodny. During storms, there is an increase in the energy of IG waves. Waves detected at periods of 14.2 seconds, 3.62 minutes, and 8.85 minutes are related to swell and edge waves propagating seaward. For explanation of short waves, the Longuet-Higgins and Stewart theory was used which describes the dispersion of swell in the surf zone and the formation of free waves. Edge waves were analyzed using the Lamb model and the Bessel function of the first kind of zero order. Modelling of wave processes propagating shoreward revealed the presence of IG waves with periods of 20–110 seconds and edge waves with periods of 4.27–7.63 minutes, confirmed by the dispersion relation for Stokes waves on a sloping bottom. Sea water temperature fluctuations of more than 7 °C with periods of 3–100 minutes affect the propagation of waves with periods longer than 3 minutes, destroying the edge and leaky waves. Analysis of wind wave characteristics showed no significant wave processes, including wind waves, in the 2–20 second period range. The maximum wave height was observed during prolonged southern winds associated with a cyclone. This study is important for understanding wave processes in this area, aiding in predicting their behaviour and impact on the coastline.
Lichen Herbarium of the Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the FEB RAS (SAK): preliminary results of the inventory
Authors:   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the Far Eastern Branch of RAS, Ezhkin A.K. , Kaganov V.V. ,   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the Far Eastern Branch of RAS
Published: October 2024

The organization of the lichen herbarium in the Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the FEB RAS was initiated in 2014 after a number of integrated expeditions in the Sakhalin Region. The herbarium is based on the collections of Aleksandr K. Ezhkin and Vladimir V. Kaganov. A significant amount of lichen samples was collected in protected areas of the Sakhalin Region, in wild remote sites, and in areas of volcanic activity. Currently, a part of the collection (1178 samples, 307 species) is mounted and stored in the Laboratory of plant ecology and geoecology, which is about 1/8 of all herbarium material of lichens stored in the Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the FEB RAS.
The Relevance of Mathematical Critical Thinking Skill with Numerical Intelligence and Learning Independence
Authors: Suseno Imam , Suendarti Mamik , Supeno Supeno , Suhendar Yeyen
Published: October 2024

Several studies show point out the ability of mathematical critical thinking of Indonesian students is still low, students often have difficulty dealing with situations that require problem-solving skills using Mathematics. Through a survey method, this research seeks to reveal the causal relationship between variables, namely whether the students’ mathematical critical thinking skills of SMAN Serang Regency, West Java are influenced by numerical intelligence and are also influenced by students’ learning independence. The research targets were class X students from SMAN 1 Anyar, SMAN 1 Mancak, and SMAN 1 Gunungsari which are in Serang Regency, West Java. A total of 88 students as respondents or research samples were selected using the proportional cluster random sampling technique. Data collection on students' mathematical critical thinking skills were used as an instrument for essay tests, data on students' numerical intelligence was used as a multiple choice test instrument, and learning independence was obtained by distributing a questionnaire. The results of the research show that there is an influence of numerical intelligence and learning independence partially and/or jointly on the students’ mathematical critical thinking skills of SMAN Serang Regency. Students' mathematical critical thinking skills can be improved by optimizing internal and external factors within themselves. Through fun Mathematics learning activities, prioritizing the scientific method approach in solving mathematical problems, as well as increasing awareness of learning independence by utilizing other sources of learning Mathematics besides from the teacher. In addition, seeking a positive attitude of students towards the importance of Mathematics learning to continue to be appropriately organized.
Estimation of Automatic License Plate Recognition Using Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India, Ravichandran Kattur Soundarapandian
Published: October 2024

Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) or Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) is the technology responsible for reading the License plates of a vehicle in an image or a video sequence using optical character recognition (OCR). With the latest advancements in Deep Learning and Computer Vision, these tasks can be done in a matter of milliseconds. Much work has been proposed in recent days for number plate identification through OCR with the standard datasets available in an open database. But, in a real-time scenario, there are many external events like rain, heavy wind, and other reasons; the top of the plates may be affected by pasting sand or hair-like objects on it. The resultant images are called noisy input images. In this paper, we have applied various preprocessing techniques like noise removal algorithm, extended hair-removal algorithm, etc., before applying deep learning algorithms, including the latest version of YOLO v8. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed model performs better than the recent state of the technology proposed.
Analysis of Semantic Network between Teacher’s Teaching Concepts and Student’s Acquisition Concepts on Photosynthesis Domain in the Middle School
Authors: Chun Hyunju , Lim Soo-min , Kim Youngshin
Published: October 2024

One of the key goals of science education is to enable students to acquire scientific concepts. Most science concepts are learned through teachers in class. Therefore, this study analyzes conceptual structure that teachers use to teach students and the conceptual structure that students develop as they learn new concepts. Specifically, we examined the differences between the conceptual frameworks used by teachers to teach students and the networks of concepts that students actually acquire, focusing on the topic of photosynthesis in middle school. Within the domain of photosynthesis, we categorized concepts into the photosynthesis reactants, photosynthesis products, environmental factors. This study revealed that the types of concepts used by teachers in class and those acquired by students are similar, but the network structures differ. Teachers do not clearly distinguish and explain subtopics, and students also do not distinguish subtopics to acquired concepts. Teachers focus on explaining concepts, and students’ conceptual networks are influenced by subsequent learning as well. Based on these findings, it is crucial for teachers to understand the conceptual structures that students develop and to clearly articulate sub-concepts to guide their learning effectively. Furthermore, future research should explore whether there are variations in acquired conceptual networks based on characteristics of the learners.
Exploring Educational Effects of Classes Using GeoGebra for Crystal Structure Learning
Authors: Kim Sungki , Jeon Hyewon , Paik Seoung-Hey
Published: October 2024

This study explored the educational value of using GeoGebra in lessons on crystal structure learning. To this end, a four-session course utilizing GeoGebra was conducted for 50 students taking Chemistry II at M Girls’ High School in Jeollanam-do. The understanding of crystal structure concepts was assessed through pre- and post-tests, and changes were examined using paired sample t-test. Course satisfaction was measured in the post-test using a 5-point Likert scale and open-ended questions. The results are as follows: First, the students showed a significant increase in understanding all three crystal structures (p<0.001), particularly noted by the decrease in non-responding students in the post-test, indicating meaningful changes for students with lower learning levels. Second, the course satisfaction, as measured by the Likert scale, was high, ranging between 4.46 and 4.62. The students’ responses highlighted that the use of GeoGebra not only aided in conceptual learning but also facilitated scientific inquiry. This study suggests the value of tools like GeoGebra in science education, particularly in utilizing sub-microscopic like the particle model.
The Impact of an AI-based Feedback System on the Improvement of Elementary Students’ Statistical Inquiry Question Posing: The Moderating Effects of AI Perception and Feedback Self-efficacy
Authors: Lee Juyeong , Jho Hunkoog
Published: October 2024

With the advent of the digital age, the amount of data has exponentially increased making statistical analysis essential for decision-making and problem-solving. This research examines the impact of an AI-based feedback system (FS) using the GPT-4 model on the ability of sixthgrade students to formulate statistical inquiry questions. Conducted at an elementary school in Gyeonggi-do, the research involved 95 students divided into experimental and control groups, who participated in an eight-session program. The experimental group received feedback from the AI-based FS, while the control group received teacher feedback. Pre- and post-tests measured the improvement in students’ statistical inquiry question levels. Additionally, the study analyzed how students’ self-efficacy regarding feedback and their perception of AI moderated the effectiveness of the FS. Results showed that the AI-based FS significantly improved the students’ ability to pose statistical inquiry questions compared to the control group. The study also found that a positive perception of AI enhanced the effectiveness of the FS, while self-efficacy regarding feedback did not show a significant impact. These findings suggest that AI-based FS can be an effective educational tool, particularly when students have a positive attitude toward AI. Future research should focus on developing fine-tuned AI-based FS capable of providing detailed feedback throughout all stages of statistical inquiry and investigate its effects on students with cognitive challenges in accepting feedback.
How can Light Pollution over the City of Mumbai be Assessed and Reversed?
Authors: Khandeparkar Anandi
Published: October 2024

Light pollution, which adversely affects entire ecosystems, is a lesser-known but completely reversible form of pollution. The financial capital of India, Mumbai has been experiencing a steady rise in light pollution levels. This research article aims to answer the question “How can light pollution over the city of Mumbai be assessed and reversed?” It uses satellite data to map radiance levels over four representative locations in Mumbai over the last decade. To put it into a global perspective, the overall radiance level of Mumbai in 2023 is compared with that of nine other megacities. A graphical analysis of both sets of data reveals that radiance levels over Mumbai have increased in the past decade but in comparison with other global megacities such as New York or Shanghai, they are considerably low. Of particular concern, however, is the sharp increase in radiance level over the biodiversity hotspot within the city: Sanjay Gandhi National Park. The paper further explores five case studies of places from around the world that have successfully identified the emergent problem of light pollution, and introduced policies to mitigate it. Several reports indicate that although awareness about light pollution is generally lacking in India, policies introduced under energy-efficiency programmes have indirectly helped reduce radiance levels and new technological innovations now allow a smart lighting environment. The paper concludes that taking inspiration from global case studies, it is not impossible for cities like Mumbai to implement workable alternatives to conventional lighting practices to curb light pollution.
Does Music Training Improve Emotion Recognition? Longitudinal and Correlational Evidence from Children
Authors: Lima Cesar
Published: October 2024

Despite widespread claims that music training enhances nonmusical abilities, causal evidence remains inconclusive. Moreover, much research has focused on potential benefits for perception and cognition, but socioemotional skills are often overlooked. Here, we used longitudinal and correlational approaches to ask whether music training improves emotion recognition in voices and faces among school-aged children. We also assessed musical abilities, fine- and gross-motor skills, broader socioemotional functioning, and cognitive abilities including nonverbal reasoning, executive functions, and auditory short-term and working memory. Study 1 (N = 110) was a two-year longitudinal intervention conducted in a naturalistic school environment with three groups: music training, basketball training (active control), and no training (passive control). Compared to both control groups, music training improved fine-motor skills and auditory short-term and working memory, but it had no effect on emotion recognition or other cognitive and socioemotional abilities. Study 2 (N = 192) compared musically untrained children with those attending a music school. Music training correlated with improved emotion recognition in speech prosody (tone of voice), but this association disappeared after accounting for musical abilities, short-term memory, or socioeconomic status. In contrast, musical abilities correlated with improved emotion recognition in prosody and faces independently of music training and other confounding variables. These findings suggest that while music training may enhance fine-motor skills and auditory memory, observed advantages in emotion recognition likely stem from preexisting musical abilities.
How choice confidence shapes preferences: a Registered Report
Authors: Guggenmos Matthias , Sterzer Philipp , Steinecker Isa
Published: October 2024

An intriguing finding in human decision making is that the act of choice itself affects preferences − chosen options often increase and unchosen options decrease in subjective value. The observation of such choice-induced revaluation inspired the theory of cognitive dissonance, which posits that human behavior generally strives for internal consistency. Yet, which aspects of choices are responsible for choice-induced revaluation has remained unclear. Here we argue that previous research has overlooked an important explanatory variable: choice confidence. While the original cognitive dissonance theory posits stronger revaluation for low-confidence decisions, a recently proposed theory that parallels confidence and reward predicts stronger revaluation for high-confidence decisions. To arbitrate between these hypotheses, and a confidence-independent mere-choice hypothesis, we employ an instrumental conditioning paradigm and quantitatively compare computational models of choice revaluation that operationalize the hypothesized confidence effects. Our results will clarify the mechanism of how choices and preferences interact in human decision making.
A Novel Multidimensional Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment Algorithm: Use Case in a Cognitive Training Video Game
Authors: Pasqualotto Angela , Fanourakis Marios , menestrina zeno , Hummel Friedhelm , Rancans Elmars , Padberg Frank , Bonne Omer , Lotan Amit , Bukowski Esther , Lipskaya-Velikovsky Lena , nahum mor , Bavelier Daphne
Published: October 2024

This study introduces a novel methodological framework for cognitive control training, embedded in a video game that incorporates action-based gameplay and a multidimensional Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA) system. This system adapts to individual player performance in real-time, ensuring a personalized and engaging experience. The game architecture is modular, including a configurable set of cognitive training modules which are tailored according to one’s training goals. Transitioning between modules occurs through an action-based central hub following the literature on action video games and their positive impact on brain plasticity. Analysis of data from 34 players demonstrates how they progress through each module, with most players reaching their zone of proximal development after approximately 30-45 minutes of playing a module. Once players stabilize in their skill progression, the DDA system maintains variability in gameplay, a feature that has been suggested to promote the transfer of skills to novel situations. This analysis also highlights how our novel multidimensional DDA system accommodates a wide range of skill levels, offering a seamless on-boarding experience across a variety of players. Together, this novel architecture and DDA framework provide a new, rigorous methodological blueprint for the design of computerized cognitive training tools.
Typochemistry and possible sources of ferrosaponite with Ce–Cu–Ni from the metabasalts of the Northern Ural
Authors: Grakova O. V. , Popvasev K. S. , Ulyasheva N. S.
Published: October 2024

We studied metabasites from metamorphic complexes located in the northern part of the Lyapin anticlinorium of the Subpolar Urals and the Kharbey anticlinorium in the Polar Urals of the Central Ural Uplift, which are part of the Arctic zone. For the first time, ferrosaponite containing copper, nickel, and rare earth metals has been identified in these metabasites. The morphological and typochemical characteristics of ferrosaponite were examined using electron microscopy. In the Polar Urals, ferrosaponite is found in the almandine eclogite of the Marunkeu eclogite-amphibolite gneiss. The mineral is associated with garnet, quartz, pyroxene, muscovite, amphibole, and sulfides. The general formula for the mineral from almandine eclogite: (Ca0,06–0,27K0,01–0,06Се0,01)∑0,13–0,31(Fe2+ 1,67–2,21Mg0,51–0,84 Cu0,01–0,09Ni0,03–0,11)∑2,25–3,08[(Si2,84–3,08Al0,92–1,16)∑4,00O10](OH)2 ×3,55–3,83H2O. In the Subpolar Urals, this mineral was examined in a sample of garnet-amphibole-biotite-plagioclase-quartz shale, where it occurs in association with other minerals: amphibole, plagioclase, quartz, epidote, biotite, zircon, albite, titanite, apatite, and sulfides. The general formula of the mineral: (Ca0,14–0,22K0,01–0,02Се0,01)∑0,15–0,23(Fe2+ 1,24–2,22Mg0,76–0,97)∑2,17–3,15 [(Si2,86–2,96Al1,04–1,14)∑4,00O10](OH)2 ×3,41–4,47H2O. It is assumed that ferrosaponite forms through a hydrothermal-metamorphic process during the late fluid stage of rock transformation. Feldspars and biotite serve as sources of potassium and aluminum, while hornblende, pyroxenes, and epidote are the primary suppliers of magnesium and iron. In the chemical composition, alongside the main components of the mineral—potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, and iron—copper, nickel, and rare earth metals were also detected. Under the influence of fluids, copper and nickel may have been derived from replaced sulfides, while cerium could have been introduced from allanite, apatite, and other minerals containing rare earth elements. Continued study of the mineragenic features of metamorphic rocks in the Arctic regions of the Urals is essential for a comprehensive assessment of their resource potential, as well as promising sources and concentrators of rare metals.
An optimal set of criteria for the allocation of territories within the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Zhukov M. A.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the criteria for classifying regions in the Far North as part of the Arctic Zone within the Russian Federation. It evaluates a range of factors, including natural and climatic conditions, socio-economic aspects, and the medical and biological characteristics of the territories. Additionally, the article presents the outcomes of zoning the northern territories of the Russian Federation based on the natural and climatic conditions that impact human life. This analysis resulted in the identification of three criteria for determining the inclusion of territories in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation: the vegetation component of landscapes in its zonal distribution; the CAFF boundary, which proposed by the Arctic Council’s Arctic Flora and Fauna Conservation Working Group; and the level of ultraviolet deficiency, which reflects the direct impact of latitude on the natural environment and human health. These criteria are characterized by their clarity and ease of interpretation, and do not require the development or endorsement of supplementary methodological guidelines. They are easily grasped by both regional leaders and residents regarding the inclusion or exclusion of areas from the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation. Consequently, these criteria can be effectively integrated into federal legislation as directly applicable norms.
The Group of Seven, American Philanthropy, and the Cultural and Racial Politics of the Interwar Commonwealth
Authors: Crevier Martin
Published: October 2024

From 1936 to 1939, a travelling art exhibition consisting mainly of paintings by members of the Group of Seven toured South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. All costs were covered by the Carnegie Corporation of New York, a phenomenally wealthy and powerful American philanthropical organization. Canadian art entrepreneurs and Carnegie Corporation officials intended this exhibition as a means to foster nationalist and modernist artistic practices in the other dominions of the British Empire. The model to be emulated, the organizers believed, was that of the critically acclaimed and nationally oriented Canadian school of landscape art associated with the Group of Seven. The venture was in a large measure motivated by the perceived decline of white settler populations outside Europe and the Northern United States and must be understood as part of a general project to strengthen, on a global scale, liberal forms of white supremacy. This article recounts Canadian participation in this Carnegie Corporation scheme, while placing particular emphasis on the exhibition’s passage in South Africa. It traces how some members of the Group of Seven and their institutional supporters became involved with American philanthropy, it describes how the Canadian traveling exhibition was assembled and received abroad, and it situates these activities within the racial and cultural politics of the interwar Commonwealth.
Three new species of Discopsis De Folin, 1870 from the Plio-Pleistocene of Sicily (Gastropoda Tornidae)
Authors: Reitano Agatino , Di Franco Davide , Scuderi Danilo
Published: October 2024

Three new species, placed in the genus Discopsis de Folin, 1870 (Gastropoda Tornidae) are here described as new from the Plio-Pleistocene of Sicily on the basis of morphological characters. The first two, D. destefanii n. sp. and D. vivianorum n. sp., derived from sandy clayey silt outcropping along the shore of the left side of the mouth of Nocella river (Castellammare Gulf, North-western Sicily). Discopsis destefanii n. sp has been tentatively assigned to Imperator europaeum De Stefani, 1888 at first attempt. After deeper researches, discrepancies between the original description and its relative drawing emerged, which rendered questionable the correct interpretation of the De Stefani’s species and the possible institution of a neotype to stabilize taxonomy of this controversial species. But the lack of type materials to ascertain characters typical of this species induced us to consider it as unaccepted. As a consequence, comparisons between D. destefanii n. sp. and I. europaeum become superfluous on account of the above reported reasons. The other one, D. philippii n. sp., has been collected from the Pleistocene marly sand/calcarenite succession outcropping along the left shore of the Ossena river (Francofonte, Syracuse, Sicily).
Datos abiertos para la creación de valor: atención e interés para el marketing
Authors: Curto Rodríguez Ricardo
Published: October 2024

Introducción: La divulgación de información en manos del sector público mediante datos abiertos se ha consolidado a nivel mundial. Dentro de la diversa tipología de los datos abiertos, la información demográfica presenta un elevado interés para el marketing al constituir una variable útil para realizar segmentaciones de mercados. Metodología: Se procede a revisar los conjuntos de datos autonómicos en abril de 2024 observando que, de los casi 40 000 conjuntos de datos existentes, aproximadamente unos 7 000 presentan la etiqueta “Demografía”. Resultados: En este apartado muestra una aproximación al contenido de datos demográficos a nivel autonómico. Discusión: Se aprecian diferencias inter autonómicas muy importantes tanto en el número de datasets, porcentaje respecto al total autonómico, información contenida e incluso en la formulación de los conjuntos de datos. Conclusiones: A pesar de que existen datos poblacionales relevantes, la heterogeneidad observada dificulta su tratamiento automatizado y, por tanto, la creación de valor, bien sea por empresas infomediarias como por institutos de investigación de mercados.
Relationship between Theoretical Knowledge and Application Abilities of Science Teachers in Assessment Practices at School Level
Authors: Khan Yousaf , Khan Munir , Khan Iqbal Amin
Published: October 2024

The objective was to test the hypothesis that there is no relationship between theoretical knowledge and its practical application in assessment practices used by science teachers in the classroom and in general at the school level. The nature of the study was quantitative with descriptive correlational and linear regression design. The sample was randomly taken for the survey questionnaire from the Principals of high and higher secondary schools in two districts of Pakistan. The result revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between theoretical knowledge and its practical application in assessment used by science teachers at the secondary level. The regression analysis also showed that the theoretical understanding of assessment has a strong impact on the hands-on practices of the assessment. It was recommended that the science teachers' training focus on both theoretical concepts and learning along with the practical application of the assessment practices for effective and quality instructions or pedagogy.
Single National Curriculum in Afghanistan: An Examination of Law and Political Science
Authors: Sahel Sidiqullah
Published: October 2024

A successful education system enables its beneficiaries to achieve their goals and objectives and is a key indicator of the progress of a country. However, the higher education system in Afghanistan has fallen short of the above. Recently, the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) processed a Single National Curriculum (SNC) to reform higher education. The paper seeks to critically evaluate if SNC is the solution to problems in higher education and to use the curriculum adopted for Law and Political Science as a case study. In this regard, the paper is divided into two parts. Part one discusses the drawbacks of SNC and the challenges in its implementation. It is observed that SNC is against the laws and regulations in place, and guidelines issued by MOHE. Also, SNC is an attempt to take away the academic autonomy of institutions of higher education since their creativity and innovation in the curriculum are undermined, and the critical thinking capacity of students is eclipsed barring them from thinking differently. In part two of this paper, an attempt
is made to examine problems in the curriculum for the Departments of Law and Political Science. By adopting a comparative approach, the Afghan curriculum is compared with that approved by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC) and the University Grant Commission of India (UGC). It is found out that Political Science is treated as part of Law; subjects offered in the field are out-of-place, and the focus is on a cursory study of law, political science, international relations, and diplomacy. Resultantly, a graduate is a “jack of all trades, master of none.”
Key Words: Afghanistan, Single National Curriculum, Political Science, Law, Curriculum
Rights and Liabilities of Employees in Light of the Afghan Law: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Hatam Ahmad Khalid
Published: October 2024

که له یوې خوا انسان د کار حق لري او باید په مصئونه فضا کې دغه حق وکاروي،
له بلې خوا هر کارکوونکی وجایب لري چې باید یې د مزد په بدل کې تر رسه کړي.
نو ویالی شو چې د کارمند حقوق د ګومارونکي یا کارفرما وجایب دي، او د
ګومارونکي حقوق د کارمند وجایب دي چې دواړه مکلف دي په نېک نیت او
اخالص خپل وجایب تر رس ه کړي. ډېر وخت داسې لیدل کېږي چې د حقوقو او
وجایبو تر منځ دغه انډول نه مراعات کېږي او کارکوونکی او ګومارونکی له خپلو
حقوقو سوء استفاده کوي یا هم خپل وجایب نقض کوي. د بېلګې په توګه،
کارکوونکی په یو وخت د بېالبېلو ګومارونکو رسه کار کوي، په رسمي وخت کې،
چې د مزد په بدل کې یې په ګومارونکي پلورلی دی، شخيص کارونه تررسه کوي،
یا هم هغه کار چې بدل کې یې مزد اخيل نه تر رسه کوي. دا هم په افغانستان کې
اکرثه لیدل کېږي چې ګومارونکی قرارداد داسې طرح کوي چې د کارکوونکي
حقوق پکې ضعیف وي، هر وخت او په هر دلیل چې وغواړي کار کوونکی منفک
کړي، مزد یې پر وخت نه تادیه کوي، یا د کار ځای وضعیت داسې وي چې د
کارکوونکي بنسټیزه اړتیاوې نه پوره کوي. پدې وضعیت کې دا الزمي ده چې د
کارکوونکي حقوق د ګومارونکي د وجایبو په توګه او د کارکوونکي مکلفیتونه د
ګومارونکي د حقوقو په توګه وڅېړل يش تر څو دواړه اړخونه وکوالی يش په ارامه
او قانومننه فضا کې له خپلو حقوقو څخه ګټه پورته کړي. دا مقاله کمي څېړنه ده
چې ترشیحي-تحلیيل میتود پلی کوي او د دې پوښتنې ځواب لټوي چې د قانون
په رڼا کې یو کارکوونکی کوم حقوق او مکلفیتونه لري