bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Pengembangan Desain Model Social Learning untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Penguasaan Bahasa Arab
Authors: Mutmainah Mutmainah
Published: March 2024

Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab di Sekolah Tinggi Agma Islam Syaichona Cholil Bangkalan berupaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas penguasaan bahasa arab yang dimiliki oleh mahasiswa. Namun demikian, tidak semua mahasiswa STAIS bersedia dan semangat untuk meningkatkan penguasaan bahasa Arab. Sehingga membutuhkan strategi agar mahasiswa memiliki kesadaran untuk memiliki kemauan membuka diri untuk meningkatkan penguasaan bahasa Arab, sebagai mahasiswa prodi Bahasa Arab yang memang semestinya memiliki kualifikasi Bahasa Arab yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis kinerja dan kebutuhan guna mengetahui masalah yang dihadapi Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab di STAIS dalam meningkatkan kualitas penguasaan bahasa arab dan menentukan kebutuhan-kebutuhan mahasiswa agar dapat meningkatkan kualitas penguasaan bahasa arab yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ini merupakan jenis kajian pengembangan model ADDIE tahap analysis, ada dua: pertama adalah analisis kinerja (performance analysis), dan kedua adalah analisis kebutuhan (need analysis). Pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis kajian studi kasus. Teknik penentuan informan pada penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling dan snowball sampling. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview) dan dokumentasi. Data penelitian ini diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis kualitatif, dan uji keabsahhannya menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil analisis kinerja menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa problem dalam peningkatan penguasaan kualitas bahasa Arab, antara lain: motivasi yang kurang, belum terbuka terhadap informasi atau teknologi baru, dan kuranya strategi yang inovatif. Sedangkan dari analisis kebutuhan menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa membutuhkan tiga aspek, meliputi: 1) aspek motif,  motif dalam mempelajari dan meningkatkan motivasi dalam meningkatkan pengusaan bahasa Arab. 2) aspek kompetensi/kemampuan, ada empat yaitu: pertama adalah maharah al istima’ (ketrampilan mendengar), kedua adalah maharah al kalam (ketrampilan berbicara), keterampilan membaca) merupakan keterampilan membaca. Dan keempat adalah maharah al kitabah (ketrampilan menulis). 2) Aspek strategi, dalam meningkatkan penguasaan kualitas pengguanasaan bahasa Arab penting menggunakan stertegi yang efektif, salah satunya adalah model social learning, sebagai upaya pada peningkatan kualitas penguasaan bahasa arab mahasiswa melalui program-program.
Model Pembelajaran Maharah al-Kalam Menggunakan Kitab “al-Muhadatsah al-Arabiah” Karya K.H Ahc. Ghazali Salim
Authors: Supriyadi Moh
Published: March 2024

Berbicara bahasa arab merupakan suatu keterampilan yang produktif dari seorang pelajar yang memiliki skel dalam menggunakan suara yang akurat dan mampu mengatur susunan kata dan kalimat sehingga bisa mengungkapkan apa yang diinginkan oleh pembicara saat berbicara. Tidak diragukan lagi bahwa berbicara adalah salah satu bentuk kegiatan linguistik yang paling penting, bagi orang dewasa dan anak-anak, baik pria maupun wanita, berbicara lebih banyak digunakan dalam kehidupan manusia dibandingkan dengan tulisan. Oleh karena itu, guru harus mempersiapkan strategi dan tadribat lughawiyah yang menyenangkan dan memotivasi untuk mendorong siswa agar mandiri dan terdorong untuk berbicara, terutama dalam berbicara bahasa Arab dengan mudah dan benar, untuk meningkatkan kefasihan lisan. Seorang guru sangat membutuhkan kitab “al-Muhadatsah al-Arabiah” dalam pembelajaran maharah al-kalam, karana kitab ini memiliki kelebihan tersendiri yang sangat memudahkan oleh siswa terutama bagi siswa baru mengenal bahasa arab. Karena didalamnya tidak hanya focus pada materi percakan akan tetapi dilengkapi dengan latihan-latihan yang menstimulus siswa untuk berbicara bahasa arab denga fasih.
Analisis Faktor Motivasi Membaca Teks Arab Bagi Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab
Authors: Rofi'i M
Published: March 2024

Motivation has a very strong influence on the cognitive and affective aspects of reading. Motivation affects a person's thinking style. When a person is interested in the text he reads, his understanding will increase more than when reading a text he is not interested in. This study describes the factors influencing the motivation for Arabic Language Education at STAI Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan will read Arabic texts in the Qira'ah lesson. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation using descriptive qualitative methods. The collected data was analyzed and validated by the triangulation method. The results showed that six factors influence students' motivation to read Arabic text: (1) Reading ability. (2) Individual interest or desire. (3) Reading needs. (4) Social support. (5) Technology and learning resources. and (6) Supportive conditions and facilities.
Similarities and Differences in Kierkegaard's Accounts of Hegel
Authors: McKinnon A.
Published: March 2024

Similarities and Differences in Kierkegaard's Accounts of Hegel
Grafologisk undersøgelse af Søren Kierkegaards håndskrift i årene 1831-1855
Authors: Garde A.
Published: March 2024

Grafologisk undersøgelse af Søren Kierkegaards håndskrift i årene 1831-1855
Kierkegaards møde med mystik gennem den spekulative idealisme - anden del
Authors: Thulstrup M. Mikulová
Published: March 2024

Kierkegaards møde med mystik gennem den spekulative idealisme - anden del
Kierkegaard and Feuerbach
Authors: Arbaugh George E.
Published: March 2024

Kierkegaard and Feuerbach
Præsentation af kristne mystikere i faglitteraturen, Kierkegaard kendte
Authors: Thulstrup Marie Mikulová
Published: March 2024

Præsentation af kristne mystikere i faglitteraturen, Kierkegaard kendte
Temporality and Self-Affirmation: A Kierkegaardian Critique of Nietzsche's Doctrine of the Eternal Recurrence of the Same
Authors: Hinman Lawrence M.
Published: March 2024

Temporality and Self-Affirmation: A Kierkegaardian Critique of Nietzsche's Doctrine of the Eternal Recurrence of the Same
Søren Kierkegaard-litteratur 1971-1980: En bibliografi - anden del
Authors: Jørgensen Aage
Published: March 2024

Søren Kierkegaard-litteratur 1971-1980: En bibliografi - anden del
Die Freiheit der Verzweiflung und die Freiheit im Glauben
Authors: Figal Günther
Published: March 2024

Die Freiheit der Verzweiflung und die Freiheit im Glauben: Zu Kierkegaard Konzeption des Selbstseins und Selbstwerdens in der »Krankheit zum Tode«
Søren Kierkegaard-litteratur 1971-1980: Tilføjelser til Aage Jørgensens bibliografi i Kierkegaardiana XII 1982, pp. 129-235:
Authors: Jørgensen Aage
Published: March 2024

Søren Kierkegaard-litteratur 1971-1980: Tilføjelser til Aage Jørgensens bibliografi i Kierkegaardiana XII1982, pp. 129-235:
Kierkegaard's Coachman
Authors: Ackermann Robert
Published: March 2024

Kierkegaard's Coachman
"Who" is the Discourse? A Study in Kierkegaard’s Religious Literature
Authors: Pattison George
Published: March 2024

"Who" is the Discourse? A Study in Kierkegaard’s Religious Literature
Kierkegaard and "The Leap of Faith"
Authors: McKinnon Alastair
Published: March 2024

Kierkegaard and "The Leap of Faith"
Kontemplativ-ästhetisch oder existentiell-ethisch. Zur Kritik der auf der Stadienlehre basierenden Kierkegaardinterpretation
Authors: Fujino Hiroshi
Published: March 2024

Kontemplativ-ästhetisch oder existentiell-ethisch. Zur Kritik der auf der Stadienlehre basierenden Kierkegaardinterpretation
Kierkegaards philosophisches Profil
Authors: Theunissen Michael
Published: March 2024

Kierkegaards philosophisches Profil
Kierkegaard and Dostoyevsky Seen Through Bakhtin's Prism
Authors: Fryszman Alex
Published: March 2024

Kierkegaard and Dostoyevsky Seen Through Bakhtin's Prism
Kierkegaards »onde verden«
Authors: Thulstrup Marie
Published: March 2024

Kierkegaards »onde verden«
Karl Barth og Søren Kierkegaard
Authors: Søe N. H.
Published: March 2024

Karl Barth og Søren Kierkegaard
Describing What You Cannot Understand: Another Look at Fear And Trembling
Authors: Ferreira Jamie
Published: March 2024

Describing What You Cannot Understand: Another Look at Fear And Trembling
"Tak, elskede Kierkegaard, for Din Ironi!" Kierkegaards entré i Corsaren 1841
Authors: Olesen Tonny Aagaard
Published: March 2024

"Tak, elskede Kierkegaard, for Din Ironi!" Kierkegaards entré i Corsaren 1841
Søren Kierkegaards enten-eller
Authors: Skjoldager Emanuel
Published: March 2024

Søren Kierkegaards enten-eller
Løgstrups Opgør med Kierkegaard
Authors: Malantschuk G.
Published: March 2024

Løgstrups Opgør med Kierkegaard
Sein und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Wilde Frank-Eberhard
Published: March 2024

Sein und Wirklichkeit
Søren Kierkegaards bibelsyn
Authors: Pedersen Jørgen
Published: March 2024

Søren Kierkegaards bibelsyn
Kierkegaard und der Kommunismus
Authors: Hügli Anton
Published: March 2024

Kierkegaard und der Kommunismus
Rewriting History for the Stage: The Theatricality of the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in Christopher Marlowe’s The Massacre at Paris (1592)
Authors: Mathieu Jeanne
Published: March 2024

In his 1592 play, The Massacre at Paris, Christopher Marlowe adapted his main source, François Hotman’s A true and plaine reporte of the furious outrages of France (1573), and undoubtedly gave his own version of the events of the Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. While representing the failure of language to solve the conflict, the playwright paradoxically created a specific sound environment and specific images to reconstitute and represent the event. This essay focuses the link between the creation of a certain vision of history on stage and the use of stage devices. The play illustrates the power of theatre to shape the collective memory of an event. Even though the dramatist cut short most of the dialogues, they are still of prime importance in the play and their brevity is significant. The paper also looks at the cacophony that emerges from Marlowe’s play and which seems to complement language when alluding to certain religious controversies. Finally, it argues that Marlowe represents the massacre as a dance of life and death in which the dancers move to the rhythm of a very precise tune and that the choreography may have reminded the audience of a hunting party where the sound of the bells stands for the sound of the horn. This created a powerful image which is still to be found in contemporary works on the Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.
Presentació del monogràfic «Aportacions a l’estudi de la semàntica diacrònica»
Authors: Antolí Martínez Jordi M. , Garcia Sebastià Josep V.
Published: March 2024

Presentació del monogràfic «Aportacions a l’estudi de la semàntica diacrònica», coordinat per Jordi M. Antolí Martínez i Josep V. Garcia Sebastià.
Josep Ruaix i Vinyet, «Nous estudis de llengua», Barcelona, Claret, 2023, 1.022 p.
Authors: Vilà Comajoan Carme
Published: March 2024

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Josep Ruaix i Vinyet, Nous estudis de llengua, Barcelona, Claret, 2023, 1.022 p., ISBN: 978-84-9136-471-9.
Enric Querol Coll, «Francesc Vicent Garcia, poeta barroc. Vida i misteris del Rector de Vallfogona», Barcelona, Rafael Dalmau editor, 2023, 142 p.
Authors: Solervicens Josep
Published: March 2024

Ressenya sobre el llibre d’Enric Querol Coll, Francesc Vicent Garcia, poeta barroc. Vida i misteris del Rector de Vallfogona, Barcelona, Rafael Dalmau editor, 2023, 142 p., ISBN: 978-84-232-0890-6.
'Don Julián' de Goytisolo: compromiso mitológico y mirada exiliada
Authors: Jordana Darder Marta
Published: March 2024

El artículo explica el compromiso mitológico que Goytisolo inicia en los 60. Para ello, incluye una introducción a la definición compleja que elabora Goytisolo de la palabra "mito" en su obra ensayística, que se nutre al mismo tiempo de las teorías historiográficas de Américo Castro sobre la falsedad de ciertos episodios y definiciones de la historia de España, y de las teorías estructuralistas del mito como discurso o sistema. Después, explora en la novela Don Julián esta crítica estructural al discurso franquista desde una posición periférica y exiliada.
“Escribo para perdonar ciertas actitudes”. Diálogo sobre creación literaria con Bárbara Blasco
Authors: Tévar Garcilópez Silvia
Published: March 2024

Entrevista a la escritora Bárbara Blasco
“Cuando escribes, miras el mundo de manera diferente y te fijas en distintas frecuencias”. Entrevista a la escritora Gabriela Ybarra
Authors: Tévar Garcilópez Silvia
Published: March 2024

Entrevista a la escritora Gabriela Ybarra
Novela y franquismo: narrativas periféricas y la periferia de la narrativa
Authors: Souto Luz C.
Published: March 2024

Descarga volumen completo DTD 13
Science stories through a cultural lens: The effects of cultural framing of storytelling in the natural and social sciences
Authors: Finkler Wiebke , Davis Lloyd Spencer , Ruwhiu Diane , Li Loic , Lloyd Nikki , Beatson Nicola , Zhu Lei
Published: March 2024

Storytelling is a critical element for the effective communication of science in online videos. However, its effect is not consistent across different cultures. Here, we review and examine cultural framing of storytelling used to communicate science, including social science, in online teaching videos. We found that students from high-context cultures engage more with online videos than do students from low-context cultures but, nevertheless, do more poorly in tests that measure knowledge obtained. Our findings highlight the need to consider the cultural framing of storytelling – cultural science communication – when communicating science to audiences from different cultures.
In light of evolution. Making sense of biotech applications
Authors: González Candelas Fernando
Published: March 2024

Evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky refl ected on the place held by evolutionary theory in modern biology in the title of his famous article: «Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution». Published in the early seventies, at the dawn of a revolution sparked by new genetic engineering techniques, his message still holds weight; perhaps even more so.
Crossroads. Where science and literature meet
Authors: Bernat Pasqual
Published: March 2024

The world in which we live is becoming ever-more globalised, with a clear predominance of information and communications media, packed with interactivity and feedback. This makes it more diffi cult to sustain the increasingly topical idea of a potential schism between scientifi c-technical and artistic knowledge. Of all types of artistic expression, probably literature has most clearly shown us the blurred line between science and art. Indeed literature has historically contributed not only texts that recreate scientifi c activity, but that also refl ect on the moral implications – both social and ethical – of science, as a human construct.
The rhetoric of science and why it matters
Authors: Ruse Michael
Published: March 2024

When I started out as a philosopher of science, rather more than fifty years ago, the rhetoric of science did not exist. At least, it did not exist in philosophical circles. If you read the works of leading figures in the field like Karl Popper and Ernest Nagel, no attention was paid at all methods of convincing hearers – to language or argumentative gambits as such. It was all a matter of what the language said and the arguments proved. Indeed, there was a fair about of presupposition that science would be better off if it could be reduced to pure mathematics, without need of language at all and all arguments were straightforward deductions like you find in Euclidean geometry!
Michael Ruse. Lucyle T. Florida State University (USA). Member of Mètode’s scientific board.
Editorial
Authors: Domínguez Martí
Published: March 2024

Mètode Science Studies Journal is a rare bird. Its pages want to reconcile the latest advances in research and the review of each particular science; mixes science communication and excellence research. It focuses on the intersection between academic research, scientific essay and science popularisation. As a matter of fact, its readers are not only experts, not even scientists in a broad sense, but anyone who tries to keep abreast of scientific news and wants to reflect on the challenges of contemporary culture. The quality standard awarded by Scopus, as well as other indexes, guarantees that our path – which we walk almost alone, since similar editorial projects are scarce – remains on track. We live in a world where the progress of science and technology goes faster and faster, where the need to reflect on their scope and impact turns more and more decisive every day. This issue of Mètode Science Studies Journal collects essential topics in current scientific research, such as the secrets of neuroscience, the connection between science and ideology, gender issues related to scientific research and violent dynamics in our universe. All in all, Mètode Science Studies Journal delves on the great problems of current research from its characteristic transversality, together with the contributions of artists to provide the last touch of beauty and exclusivity.Martí Domínguez. Editor-in-Chief of Mètode SSJ. University of Valencia (Spain).
Proposal to Create a System of Archival Materials for the Preservation of Historical Objects of St. Petersburg
Authors: Musienko Aleksandra Vladimirovna , Akulova Nadezhda Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2024

The subject of the study is the interest of specialists in the study and analysis of cultural heritage sites of St. Petersburg. The object of the study is an information resource on this topic - the city archives and electronic resources of St. Petersburg. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to optimize access to complete and reliable information on the cultural heritage of St. Petersburg. This information is disassembled from a variety of unrelated sources, which complicates the work of specialists in terms of quick access to complete information on the object. Analysis of the studies showed the relevance of the issue in obtaining materials on cultural heritage objects, but the method of optimal access to them has not been developed. On the basis of the considered problems, a hypothesis was built and an empirical study was carried out in the form of a survey of specialists in the sphere of preservation of cultural heritage objects of St. Petersburg. The results of the study made it possible to identify the problem of obtaining information and suggest a way to solve it. A proposal has been formulated to optimize the work of specialists, in terms of access to reliable and complete data on the cultural heritage of St. Petersburg. To do this, it is necessary to systematize archival sources and information systems for each object of cultural heritage into a single database. The authors have designated sections and headings of a single information source. The practical value of the study lies in the development of a proposal for the prompt receipt of information necessary for the design and other studies of cultural heritage sites in St. Petersburg. Its structure and approach to implementation are disclosed. A potential audience of specialists working in the field of conservation, use, promotion and state protection of cultural heritage sites of St. Petersburg is indicated. The results of the study can draw the attention of specialized specialists to the identified issues and become the basis for creating a system of archival materials for the preservation of historical objects of St. Petersburg.
The stability of the primed pool of synaptic vesicles and the clamping of spontaneous neurotransmitter release rely on the integrity of the C-terminal half of the SNARE domain of syntaxin-1A
Authors: Salazar Lázaro Andrea , Trimbuch Thorsten , Vardar Gülçin , Rosenmund Christian
Published: March 2024

The SNARE proteins are central in membrane fusion and, at the synapse, neurotransmitter release. However, their involvement in the dual regulation of the synchronous release while maintaining a pool of readily releasable vesicles remains unclear. Using a chimeric approach, we performed a systematic analysis of the SNARE domain of STX1A by exchanging the whole SNARE domain or its N- or C-terminus subdomains with those of STX2. We expressed these chimeric constructs in STX1-null hippocampal mouse neurons. Exchanging the C-terminal half of STX1’s SNARE domain with that of STX2 resulted in a reduced RRP accompanied by an increased release rate, while inserting the C-terminal half of STX1’s SNARE domain into STX2 leads to an enhanced priming and decreased release rate. Additionally, we found that the mechanisms for clamping spontaneous, but not for Ca2+-evoked release, are particularly susceptible to changes in specific residues on the outer surface of the C-terminus of the SNARE domain of STX1A. Particularly, mutations of D231 and R232 affected the fusogenicity of the vesicles. We propose that the C-terminal half of the SNARE domain of STX1A plays a crucial role in the stabilization of the RRP as well as in the clamping of spontaneous synaptic vesicle fusion through the regulation of the energetic landscape for fusion, while it also plays a covert role in the speed and efficacy of Ca2+-evoked release.
Targeting host deoxycytidine kinase mitigates Staphylococcus aureus abscess formation
Authors: Winstel Volker , Abt Evan R , Le Thuc M , Radu Caius G
Published: March 2024

Host-directed therapy (HDT) is an emerging approach to overcome antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic microorganisms. Specifically, HDT targets host-encoded factors required for pathogen replication and survival without interfering with microbial growth or metabolism, thereby eliminating the risk of resistance development. By applying HDT and a drug repurposing approach, we demonstrate that (R)-DI-87, a clinical-stage anticancer drug and potent inhibitor of mammalian deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), mitigates Staphylococcus aureus abscess formation in organ tissues upon invasive bloodstream infection. Mechanistically, (R)-DI-87 shields phagocytes from staphylococcal death-effector deoxyribonucleosides that target dCK and the mammalian purine salvage pathway-apoptosis axis. In this manner, (R)-DI-87-mediated protection of immune cells amplifies macrophage infiltration into deep-seated abscesses, a phenomenon coupled with enhanced pathogen control, ameliorated immunopathology, and reduced disease severity. Thus, pharmaceutical blockade of dCK represents an advanced anti-infective intervention strategy against which staphylococci cannot develop resistance and may help to fight fatal infectious diseases in hospitalized patients.
Effectiveness of Differentiated Learning in Improving Literacy and Numeracy of Primary School Students
Authors: Indrawatiningsih Nonik , Qomariyah Siti , Nubita Andina Rahma , Muarofah Lailatul
Published: March 2024

Literacy and numeracy are one of the critical thinking skills in solving daily life problems that must be possessed by every individual. Based on data obtained from PISA, the level of literacy and numeracy skills in Indonesia is still relatively low, which ranks 62nd out of 70 countries. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve literacy and numeracy skills, one of which is through Differentiated Learning Activities. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of differentiated learning implementation in improving students' literacy and numeracy skills. The subjects of this study were fifth grade students one of elementary school in Pasuruan with a total of 18 students. The instruments used in this study were pretest and post-test sheets, observation sheets, and documentation. The method used in this research is an experiment with a pre-experimental design (One Group Pretest-Posttest) using the t test. Data collection techniques are observation, tests (pretest and posttest), and documentation. This study found that the application of differentiated learning can improve the literacy and numeracy skills of elementary school students. This is obtained from the results of the t test which shows that literacy skills obtained a significance value = 0.04452 and numeracy skills obtained a significance value = 0.000938 with α = 0.05. Based on the test criteria that the significance value <0.05 means that differentiated learning can improve students' literacy and numeracy skills. In addition, the average score of the post-test results on literacy skills is 73.611. While the average score of the post-test results on numeracy skills is 70.277 so that the average result of normalized gain with a literacy ability value of 0.53 and a numeracy ability value of 0.58. The differentiated learning activities that have been carried out can improve students' literacy and numeracy skills.
Optimized Conditions for the Production of Yogurt from Soya Bean (Glycine max) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)
Authors: Hector Momo Kenfack Chancel , Oraikwu Love Adjei , Njapndounke Bilkissou , Sévérin Dangang Bossi Donald , Léa Kengne Notong Jules , François Zambou Ngoufack
Published: March 2024

This study aimed at producing functional soy bean yoghurt by optimizing the production conditions using response surface methodology. The quantity of ferment (LYOFAST Y439A) (50–100 g) and quantity of cinnamon (10-40 g) were optimized using central composite design. Responses (global acceptability and scavenging activity) obtained from experimental runs were fitted into second order polynomial regression model. Also, the multiple optimization technic was used to obtain the compromised optimum condition. The optimized yoghurt was evaluated for its pH and proximate composition using standard methods. The optimum conditions for the production of this yoghurt was as thus: 69.64 g for quantity of ferment and 10 g for quantity of cinnamon, 100 g soya beans, 100 g of sugar and 1 L of water soybeans. Soy bean yoghurt made from optimized conditions had a global acceptability of 6.8, scavenging activity of 34 %. Also, protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, sodium magnesium and energy value was respectively 17.1%, 2.91%, 17.93%, 144 mg/100 g, 159.91 mg/100g, 159.91 mg/100g, 63.18 mg/100g and 166.31 kcal/100g. Thus, acceptable yoghurt with functional properties can be obtained from soya beans and cinnamon.
Effect of Pre-treatments on Germination of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. for Developing Field Gene-Banks in Eastern India
Authors: Mishra Yogeshwar , Sinha Animesh , Kumar Rikesh , Malakar Ayushman
Published: March 2024

Aims: Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. is an important timber species with high medicinal properties belonging to the Fabaceae family. The species is severely threatened by anthropogenic and ecological pressures coupled with less natural regeneration. No results in vegetative propagation methods and very less germination is reported for the species under nursery conditions. This study investigates the germination potential of P. marsupium seeds under the prevailing climatic conditions of regions in eastern India.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the ICFRE - Institute of Forest Productivity (IFP), Lalgutwa, Ranchi, during the 24th to the 32nd Meteorological Standard Week (MSW) of 2022, spanning from June to August.
Methodology: Seeds were collected from three CPTs selected from natural forests of Jharkhand, Bihar and West Bengal and the experiment was carried out following split plot design. Observations on several germination parameters and seed vigour indices were recorded until eight weeks after sowing and subjected to factor multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) in SPSS 25.0.
Results: The experiment revealed that alternate wetting and drying of seeds significantly (P <. 001) outperformed all other treatments with a highest germination percentage of 60±1.196%. Accessions from Jharkhand and West Bengal exhibited significantly (P < .001) better vigour indices (1959.8, 1855.35 for SVI-I and 538.715, 527.742 for SVI-II, respectively) compared to the accession from Bihar (1796.49 and 532.618 for SVI-I and SVI-II). Although the study did not find any significant interaction between the treatments and accession, there was a statistically significant impact on the aggregate dependent variables (F (126,503.279) = 1.579, P <. 001; Wilks' Λ = .077).
Conclusion: The results of this study report an economically feasible and rapid seed treatment method for establishing field gene banks of P. marsupium in eastern India to aid its ex-situ conservation practices.
Infant developmental milestones and subsequent cognitive function
Authors: Murray Graham K. , Jones Peter B. , Kuh Diana , Richards Marcus
Published: May 2007

Objective

Developmental delay is associated with a subsequent diagnosis of learning disability. However, the relationship between the age of reaching infant developmental milestones and later intellectual function within the general population remains unresolved. We hypothesized that earlier attainment of developmental milestones would be associated with better subsequent intellectual performance throughout the range of abilities, rather than confined to extremes.

Methods

Developmental data were obtained at age 2 years in the National Survey of Health and Development, a representative sample of 5,362 children born in the United Kingdom in 1946. Data on intellectual function and educational attainment at ages 8, 26, and 53 years were also obtained. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to analyze the effect of age of reaching developmental milestones on subsequent cognition and educational attainment.

Results

The age of reaching developmental milestones was associated with intellectual performance at ages 8, 26, and 53 years; for every month earlier a child learned to stand, there was, on average, a gain of one half of one intelligence quotient point at age 8. Speech development had a small but statistically significant effect on subsequent educational attainment (later developers were less likely to progress beyond basic education); this effect was not apparent for motor development. Effect sizes were reduced when the slowest developers were excluded, but many effects remained significant.

Interpretation

The association between later development and poorer subsequent intellectual function is small, but it does have theoretical implications; we suggest it is secondary to suboptimal cortical‐subcortical connectivity. Ann Neurol 2007
Striped‐pattern deterioration and morphological analysis of injection moldings comprising polypropylene/ethylene α‐olefin rubber blends. I. Influence of ultraviolet irradiation
Authors: Hirano Koki , Tamura Satoshi , Kanai Toshitaka
Published: May 2007

Unique deterioration with a periodical striped pattern on the injection moldings of polypropylene/rubber blends is reported. After exposure to ultraviolet irradiation with a sunshine fade meter, striped patterns appeared on the injection moldings along the flow direction of the molten resin during the filling process of injection molding, even though the initial specimen showed no sign of any stripe pattern on its surface. The stripe was carefully observed with ultrasonic echo imaging, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. As a result, a number of microvoids were observed inside the injected body at a depth of 50–100 μm from the surface. It became clear that the difference in the number of voids along the flow direction formed the stripe pattern. Surprisingly, these voids occurred in domains comprising a rubber phase. The distribution of voids in depth indicated the existence of a trace of a snakelike flow caused inside the injected body during the injection‐molding process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
New approach to the study of city planning and domestic dwellings in the ancient Near East
Authors: Benech Christophe
Published: May 2007

This paper presents the results of a magnetic survey on the Hellenistic and Roman site of Doura‐ Europos in Syria. The interpretation of the magnetic data is based on an original approach by considering the use of space in a domestic unit. This type of study has been developed for sociological research but is adapted to the information carried within geophysical data. After a brief presentation of the role of geophysical methods for the study of city planning, the most important components of the ‘space syntax’ will be presented and applied to two blocks of Doura‐Europos, one that has been excavated in the twentieth century by the Yale University and another surveyed using the magnetic method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Effect of Unbalancedness and Heteroscedasticity on the ANOVA Estimator of Group Variance Component in One‐Way Random Model
Authors: Singh B.
Published: May 2007

The expression for rth cumulant of ANOVA estimator of group variance component is derived in the One‐way unbalanced random model under heteroscedasticity. The expression is used to study the effect of unbalancedness and heteroscedasticity on the mean and variance of the estimator, numerically. The computed results reveal that the unbalancedness and heteroscedasticity have a combined effect on the mean and variance of the estimator. For certain situations of unequal group sizes and error variances, the mean and variance of the estimator are increased and for certain other situations the values are decreased.
Inference on Risk Rates Based on Mortality Data Under Censoring and Competing Risks Using Parametric Models
Authors: Kundu D. , Kannan N. , Mazumdar M.
Published: May 2007

In this paper we consider the competing risks model where the risks may not be independent. We assume both fixed and random censoring. The random censoring mechanism could have either a parametric or a non‐parametric form. The life distributions and the parametric censoring distribution considered are exponential or Weibull. The expressions for the asymptotic confidence intervals for various parameters of interest under different models, using the estimated Fisher information matrix and parametric bootstrap techniques have been derived. Monte Carlo simulation studies for some of these cases have been carried out.
Ranked Set Sampling and the Line Intercept Method: A More Efficient Procedure
Authors: Muttlak H. A. , McDonald L. L.
Published: May 2007

Ranked set sampling is a method which may be used to increase the efficiency of the estimator of the mean of a population. Ranked set sampling with size biased probability of selection (i.e., the items are selected with probability proportion to its size) is combined with the line intercept method to increase the efficency of estimating cover, density and total amount of some variable of interest (e.g. biomass). A two‐stage sampling plan is suggested with line intercept sampling in the first stage. Simple random sampling and ranked set sampling are compared in the second stage to show that the unbiased estimators of density, cover and total amount of some variable of interest based on ranked set sampling have smaller variances than the usual unbiased estimator based on simple random sampling. Efficiency is increased by reducing the number of items which are measured on a transect or by increasing the number of independent transects utilized in a study area. An application procedure is given for estimation of coverage, density and number of stems of mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus) in a study area east of Laramie, Wyoming.
Analysis of Cross‐Over Trials When Within‐Subject Errors Follow an AR(1) Process
Authors: Chi Eric M.
Published: May 2007

For cross‐over trials with the assumption that the within‐subject errors follow an AR(1) process, we propose a method, which is simple to compute, to obtain the generalized least squares estimates. The computation is easily implemented on any software that handles matrix manipulations.
Minimum Sample Size Ensuring Validity of Classical Confidence Intervals for Means of Skewed and Platykurtic Distributions
Authors: Bartkowiak A. , Sen A. R.
Published: May 2007

COCHRAN (1953) and BARTCH (1957) gave formulae for the magnitude of the sample size (n) ensuring the validity of the limiting normal distribution of the sample mean x(n) obtained from a non‐normal distribution with marked asymmetry and kurtosis.

These formulae have been checked empirically in this paper using (a) simulated data with given asymmetry and kurtosis and (b) real data gathered from a coronary heart disease study. We find that our results are in general agreement with Bartch's formula. However, in a number of cases, the asymptotic normal distribution is attained for smaller sample size than that required by Bartch's formula.
A New Statistical Goodness‐of‐Fit Test Based on Graphical Representation
Authors: Öztürk A. , Dudewicz E. J.
Published: May 2007

A statistical goodness‐of‐fit test, based on representing the sample observations by linked vectors, is developed. The direction and the length of the linked vectors are defined as functions of the expected values of the order statistics and sample order statistics, respectively. The underlying method can be used to test distributional assumptions for any location‐scale family. A test statistic Qn is introduced and some of its properties are studied. It is shown that the proposed test can be generalized to test if two or more independent samples come from the same distribution. The test procedure provides a graphical method of identifying the true distribution when the null hypothesis is rejected.
Eine kurze Formel zur Berechung von partiellen Multiplen Korrelationen
Authors: Windemuth D. , Nentwig Ch. G. , Raatz U. , Windemuth  , Nentwig R. Na T. C. G.
Published: May 2007

Die Herauspartalisierung von Effekten einer Variable auf Multiple Korrelationen kann nicht mit Hilfe der Formel zur Berechnung einfacher Partialkorrelationen durchgeführt werden. Es wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, das die Bestimmung eines Partiellen Multiplen Korrelationskoeffizienten erlaubt. Das Vorgehen wird anhand eines Beispiels erlätert. Die Anwendung dieser Formel erweist sich insbesondere bei Verwendung eines Statistikprogrammpaketes (z. B. SPSS/PC+) als einfach.
Orthogonal Prediction Configural Frequency Analysis by Chi‐Square Partitioning
Authors: Lautsch Erwin , Lienert Gustav A. , Eye Alexander Von
Published: May 2007

Prediction Configural Frequency Analysis is reconceptualized in terms of orthogonal Chi‐Square decomposition. The predictor‐criterion contingency table is subdivided into fourfold tables. The chisquare components of these tables, calculated using Kimball's shortcut formulas, sum up to the total chi‐square of the r × c table. As a result of this decomposition, the number of r × c prediction tests of classical Prediction CFA is reduced to R = (r ‐ 1) (c ‐ 1) biprediction types. The resulting version of Prediction CFA is termed orthogonal Prediction CFA. Orthogonal Prediction CFA is illustrated using data describing pupils' performance in German language as predicted from performance in two verbal tests.
A Bivariate Median Test on Partial Association CFA
Authors: Fleischmann U. M. , Lienert G. A. , Fleischmann Ulrich M.
Published: May 2007

A modification of the two‐sample median test is introduced which enables a nonparametric evaluation of bivariate location differences. Based on the association of sub‐ und supramedian scores of the two variables a X2 globally evaluates the group differences of the medians. This is done assuming the two variables contribute to one supervariable. The method is examplified by recall scores of verbal and pictural stimuli in male and female elderly subjects. Generalizations for the case of more than two groups and more than two variables are discussed.
Design Aspects and Odds Ratio Estimation in Multicenter Case‐Control Studies
Authors: Becher H. , Drescher K. , Jöckel K.‐H.
Published: May 2007

In this paper we propose a method to be used in the planning stage of a case‐control study. An allocation rule for controls in multicenter case‐control studies is proposed which would assure a simple, efficient and unbiased estimation of the odds ratio in the pooled data. It is shown that the efficiency of the design increases with increasing correlation between study center and risk factor. Sources of bias and their implications for relative risk estimation are discussed. The method is demonstrated with data from a case‐control study.
Bending of Parameter Estimates from Non‐Orthogonal Data to Improve Genetic Gain Through Index Selection
Authors: Jaiswal U. C. , Jain J. P. , Khanna A. S. , Jaiswal U. C.
Published: May 2007

The bending procedure for modification of the estimates of genetic and phenotypic variance‐covariance matrices in balanced data (HAYES and HILL, 1981) has been extended to non‐orthogonal data (unequal number of daughters per sire) and illustrated with the help of live data. Simulations conducted for different values of bending factor revealed that the expected genetic gain is improved significantly after modification of parameters.
Testing Hypotheses about Occupancy Rates for Clustered Populations
Authors: Vaillant J. , Vaillant J.
Published: May 2007

The use of the Pearson chi‐square statistic for testing hypotheses on biological populations is not appropriate when the individuals are distributed by clusters. In the case where the clusters are distributed independently of each other, we propose an asymptotically chi‐square distributed test statistic taking into account the cluster size distribution. An example provided by European Corn Borer eggs data is used to illustrate the test procedure.
A Multivariate Procedure for Linear Comparisons of Mean Vectors when Residual Covariance and Regression Coefficient Matrices are Unequal
Authors: Msra R. K.
Published: May 2007

A multivariate procedure for testing linear comparisons of vectors of adjusted group means of response (dependent) variables when groups differ in residual covariance and regression coefficient matrices is presented. Such disparities have been observed in investigations of trends in contaminant levels in fish. Application of the procedure is illustrated with data on Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). The procedure is quite general and can be employed to test any linear comparisons.
Comparison of EEGs Before and After Stunning of Cattle Taking Account of Animal‐to‐Animal Variation
Authors: Jones Peter N. , Pettitt Anthony N.
Published: May 2007

Data are available for the electroencephalograms (EEGs) of cattle before and after they received a mild electric shock. The purpose of the proposed statistical analysis is to extract from the data what differences there an in pre‐ and post‐stun EEGs and possibly restrict attention to a small frequency band where there is a significant change. We study the log periodogram ratios for each animal and propose a stochastic model based method for smoothing these ratios. This method is novel in that it allows (i) for between animal variation, and (ii) the amount of local smoothing to adapt according to the data requirements. The smoothing method is implemented by utilizing a Kalman filter approach and the fixed interval smoothing algorithm, which allows us to obtain point‐wise estimates and standard errors for the log periodogram ratio. Common animal effects which are intimated by animal‐by‐animal plots of log periodogram ratios against frequency are highlighted by this method.
A Multivariate Method for the Parameter Estimation in Biorhythms
Authors: Kumar K. , Srivastava M. , Mandal S. K.
Published: May 2007

A suitable multivariate method is described for the periodic observations of a group of individuals having comparable periods and amplitudes. Simultaneous confidence region can be obtained for the parameters of the group as a whole instead of an individual. The study of periodic behaviour of a group is more realistic than the study of the behaviour of an individual. An application of human leucocyte counts in microfilariasis (W. bancrofti) infection has been described.
An Annotated Bibliography on the Attributable Risk
Authors: Gefeller Olaf
Published: May 2007

The attributable risk constitutes an important epidemiologic risk measure. In epidemiologic studies it quantifies the proportion of cases of disease due to the exposure factor under study. Hence, it assesses the public health importance of an exposure factor in the study population. The literature on the concept of attributable risk is diverse, appears in a variety of journals from different specialities, and most papers cite only a very limited part of it. In addition, it suffers from a substantial confusion in terminology and algebraic formulation. As a consequence, it is difficult to obtain an overview with respect to the statistical results relating to the concept. To remedy this problem, this paper provides an annotated bibliography containing a complete list of all references dealing with methodological aspects of the attributable risk.
Estimating Population Size for Continuous‐Time Capture‐Recapture Models Via Sample Coverage
Authors: Chao Anne , Lee S.‐M.
Published: May 2007

An estimation procedure using the idea of sample coverage is proposed to estimate population size for capture‐recapture experiments in continuous time. The capture rates (intensity) are allowed to vary by time and individuals (heterogeneity). Only capture frequency history are sufficient for estimating population size while capture times and sequential orders of animals caught are irrelevant for the analysis. An example is given for illustration. The performance of the proposed estimation procedure is also investigated by simulation.
Basing the Analysis of Comparative Bioavailability Trials on an Individualized Statistical Definition of Equivalence
Authors: Wellek S.
Published: May 2007

The conventional definition of bioequivalence in terms of population means only, is criticized for lacking relevance to the individual subject. Both approaches to bioequivalence assessment proposed here for avoiding this shortcoming, focus on the probability of an event induced by the response of a randomly selected subject to two formulations of a given active agent. The first approach leads to converting the basic idea underlying the well‐known 75‐rule into an exact statistical procedure. The second approach is of a parametric nature. It reduces bioequivalence assessment to testing against the alternative hypothesis that the standardized expected value of a Gaussian distribution is contained in a short interval around zero. For this problem, an exact optimal solution is provided as well.
A Note on Comparing Stochastically Restricted Linear Estimators in a Regression Model
Authors: Trenkler Götz
Published: May 2007

In his recent paper Liski (1989) derived conditions for superiority of the minimum dispersion estimator over another with respect to the covariance matrix when the parameter vector of a regression model is subject to competing stochastic restrictions. The aim of this note is to provide another necessary and sufficient condition which admits an easier interpretation of superiority related to the covariance matrix criterion.
Gene Flow Technique for Response to Selection under Non‐Random Mating
Authors: Muralidharan K. , Jain J. P.
Published: May 2007

The gene flow technique for predicting response to selection in random mating populations with overlapping generations is extended to cover any system of mating and illustrated with full‐sibbing.
Inverted Configural Types Derived from Incomplete Contingency Tables: Q‐CFA
Authors: Lienert G. A. , Ploog W. D. , Von Eye A.
Published: May 2007

Inverted Configural Frequency Analysis (Q‐CFA) allows one to analyze complete and incomplete, symmetrical and asymmetrical cross‐classifications made up by individuals rather than variables. The cells of such cross‐classifications contain counts of behavior events as, for instance, pairwise interactions of individuals. The paper introduces Q‐CFA. Interactions between individuals are defined as dyadic types and antitypes or as monadic types and antitypes. An example is given using data that describe genital display frequencies in squirrel monkeys. Generalizations are discussed in regard to the number of groups of individuals involved, to the type of design used for data collection, and the number of variables simultaneously analyzed.