Association of adiponectin with thyroid dysfunction in diabetes mellitus type II
Authors: Sabah Qusay Abd-Alhussain  , Omar Sabbar Sallman  
Published: February 2024

The two most prevalent endocrine-related conditions seen in clinical practice are thyroid diseases (TD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction are strongly related conditions. Numerous research investigations have reported that individuals with diabetes mellitus are more likely to have thyroid issues, and vice versa. Compared to individuals without diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients have higher rates of both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Thyroid hormones are circulating hormones that impact various organs and tissues, have a vital role in the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, and can exacerbate glycemic control in individuals with Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). At the Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes – Al-Kindi Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, a case-control research was carried out. The samples were gathered between January 1, 2021, and April 1, 2021. The current study had one hundred twenty (120) volunteers, all of whom fasted for eight to twelve hours before to the test: · Thirty (30) patients suffered from diabetic mellitus type II seventeen (17) females and thirteen (13) males. · Thirty (30) were control with, sixteen (16) females and fourteen (14) males. · Thirty (30) patients had thyroid dysfunction eighteen (18) females and twelve (12) males. · Thirty (30) patients had thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus type II, sixteen (16) females and fourteen (14) males. Variables such as gender, age, Body Mass Index (BMI), thyroid hormones ,Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile (TG, CHOL, LDL-C, HDL-C, VLDL-C), Adiponectin (ADP)were measured and documented from participants included in this study. According to the results of hormones, there were substantial variations in all of the hormone levels. Thyroid Stimulating Hermon (TSH) was the highest level in Thyroid Dysfunction with Diabetes Mellitus type II: Hypothyroidism patients(0.46 ± 6.26) µIU/mL. T3 hormone was (187.84 ± 6.12) ng/dL, the highest resultin Thyroid Dysfunction with Diabetes Mellitus type Ⅱ: Hyperthyroidism patients. T4 was highest hormonal level in Thyroid Dysfunction with Diabetes Mellitus type II: Hyperthyroidism patients which was (14.02 ± 0.56) ng/dL. Fasting blood sugar (serum) measured a highly significant differences and highest level in patients who suffered from thyroid Dysfunction with Diabetes Mellitus type II: Hypothyroidism with (190.50 ± 12.72) mg/dL. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measured high significant differences with (11.13 ± 0.55) mmoL/L in patients of diabetes type II. Cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-C and VLDL-C high significant differences and highest levels were among patients with Thyroid Dysfunction with Diabetes Mellitus type II: Hypothyroidism with (209.45 ±12.29, 268.18 ±31.57, 114.24 ±13.74 and 55.98 ±5.63) mg/dL respectively, while HDL-C was significantly higher in control group. The Adiponectin had high significant differences among Thyroid Dysfunction: Hyperthyroidism patients with (17.98 ±1.43) ng/mL. In conclusion this data backs up the theory that inducing or suppressing adiponectin in individuals with thyroid dysfunction can help them in losing weight. Hypothyroid individuals with DM Type II and lipid abnormalities in their blood. This data is attributed to the idea that inducing or suppressing adiponectin in individuals with thyroid dysfunction might be a promising new treatment strategy. Adiponectin has been shown that’s involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including as inflammation and tissue remodeling. They may be crucial in the formation of adipose tissue and insulin resistance, and they have been linked to a number of inflammatory illnesses.