bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equitable and Algorithmic Legal Reasoning: Deconstructive Approach to Human and Artificial Intelligence Judges
Authors: Sağlam Rabia
Published: January 2025

This paper argues that equitable legal reasoning is not an exclusive property of human judges. To investigate whether judges’ perceptions can be regarded as a fundamental and special prerequisite for equitable reasoning, I discuss the virtue jurisprudence thesis. Then, using the aporetic logic of deconstructive justice, I outline a framework for the prospective content of equitable reasoning for human judges and future artificial intelligence (AI) judges. However, despite the optimistic and visionary claims about AI judges’ ability to make decisions in a similar way to human judges, pervasive skepticism exists. This essay critically analyzes this skepticism by focusing on the possibility of programing algorithmic models to encode values associated with Aristotle’s concept of epikeia. To demonstrate how algorithmic reasoning can be harmonized with value-based principles, a case-based algorithmic model is presented as a representative example. The goal of this example is to challenge the assumption that human judges have an inherent advantage in (equitable) legal reasoning. To illustrate that the reasoning of human judges is not always equitable, I present an example of an inequitable decision by the Turkish Supreme Court of Appeals. These examples serve to justify my two claims. First, there is no compelling reason to favor the ‘virtuous’ and ‘legal’ reasoning of human judges over the ‘algorithmic’ reasoning of AI judges. Second, the legal responsibility to consider the particular nuances of each case—the central element of equitable reasoning—can be seen as a quality attributed to both human and AI judges.
THE DENTATE NUCLEUS AND THE FLEECE OF STILLING: NARRATIVE REVIEW ON THE HISTORY OF INTRACEREBELLAR WHITE MATTER ANATOMY
Authors: Olei Simone , Colacicco Giovanni , Lauber Beatrice Astrid , Pruthi Nupur , Krayenbühl Niklaus , Riva Marco , Pessina Federico , Regli Luca , Serra Carlo
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The cerebellum harbors a variety of different functions, ranging from motor to cognitive and linguistic skills. This complex functional landscape is founded on an intricate and specific architecture of intracerebellar white matter fibers surrounding the dentate nucleus, which is extremely difficult to visualize with modern imaging techniques. Though, surgeons may greatly benefit from detailed knowledge of this anatomy. Historic studies have proved how anatomic dissections allow an accurate study of intracerebellar white matter bundles, providing essential information about the relations between dentatenucleus, cerebellar cortex and cerebellar peduncles. Throughout the centuries, the concept of dentate capsule, the so called Fleece of Stilling, has been demonstrated by multiple Authors but has been neglected in recent times.Materials and Methods: An extensive historical literature research was conducted through multiple digital libraries, searching for complete digitalized works of selected historical anatomists, with the specific goal of reconstructing the evolution of knowledge relative to intracerebellar white matter architecture from the second half of the XVIIIth century to recent years. Key Authors have been selected and their original works were studied and reviewed.Results: Essays and atlases from Malacarne, Vicq d’Azyr, Reil, Meckel, Arnold, Stilling, Cajal, Dejerine and Jakob were collected. Their anatomic descriptions and illustrations were discussed and detailed, demonstrating their discoveries about intracerebellar white matter anatomy.Conclusion: Information deriving from studies performed by the major anatomists of the past highlights pivotal anatomical information. Integration of this knowledge with modern imaging technologies may have an important surgical impact.
What does evolution make? Learning in living lineages and machines.
Authors: Hartl Benedikt , Levin Michael
Published: January 2025

What is the origin of the complex, highly functional patterns of form and behavior observed in the living world? Specifically, how does the information in the genome unfold and give rise to self-constructing living organisms with problem-solving capacities implemented at all levels of organization? Here we review recent progress that unifies work in developmental genetics and machine learning, in a powerful way that goes beyond traditional mappings of genes to traits. We emphasize the discovery of deep symmetries between evolution and learning, which cast the genome as instantiating a generative model. The layer of physiological computations between genotype and phenotype provides a powerful degree of plasticity and robustness, not merely complexity and indirect mapping, which strongly impacts individual and evolutionary scale dynamics. Powerful ideas from machine learning and neuroscience now provide a versatile, quantitative formalism for understanding what evolution learns and how developmental and regenerative morphogenesis interpret the deep lessons of the past to solve new problems. This emerging understanding of the informational architecture of living material is poised to impact not only genetics and evolutionary developmental biology but also regenerative medicine and synthetic morphoengineering.
“Strong Black Women”: Prescription Stimulant Use as a Site of Resistance in the Context of Black Women’s Labor and Negative Images of Black Womanhood
Authors: Webster Joni-Leigh , Sarker Abeed , Cooper Hannah LF
Published: January 2025

Black women are experiencing rising rates of mortality from stimulant-involved overdose. Yet research on the reasons for use of stimulants among Black women are rare. The present study evaluates how the war on drugs has used negative stereotypes of Black womanhood tied to labor through racial capitalism to create barriers in access to prescription stimulants for Black women. We applied the strong Black woman controlling image and transactional stress process model to evaluate how Black women talked about nonmedical prescription stimulant use on Twitter. Results indicated that the controlling image of the crack-addicted mother still affects the way Black women talk about and view their drug use. We found that stressors related to productivity at school, work, and in the home, as well as mental health and addiction determine how Black women cope with stress through nonmedical prescription drug use as a problem- and emotion-based coping method. Identifying how stressors influence Black women’s decisions to engage in nonmedical prescription stimulant use, especially in terms of barriers to care, can help to reduce overdose and poor mental health outcomes through decriminalization of drugs and increased access from medical providers.
Gravity Model applied on Trade Flows between Portugal and the OECD
Authors: Sandambi Nerhum
Published: January 2025

The study analyses foreign trade between Portugal and the OECD countries in the period 1980-2020. The objective, of course, is to analyse foreign trade and understand the main factors that influence foreign trade. The analysis is estimated using a gravity model, analysed using ordinary least squares, random effects, fixed effects and the Hausman Taylor estimator. According to the results, there is a negative impact of the real GDP of the country of origin, Portugal being in the sample, and a positive impact on the economies of the destination countries, thus being relevant for explaining trade. These results are related to the fact that most OECD countries have a significantly larger economic size than Portugal. Physical distance produced results that show a negative impact on the volume of trade transacted, so when trade is made with the countries furthest away from Portugal (with Australia, for example), the volume of trade drops to -5.60 ‘coeteris paribus’. On the other hand, the real effective exchange rate (reer) has a positive impact of 1.6. We also used some binary variables to analyse whether trade is made with a country that belongs to an economic integration zone itself, so trade made with a country in the European Union produces negative impacts, unlike the results of the binary variable MERCOSSUR, which characterises whether countries belong to this economic bloc, where there are positive impacts on trade volume when trade is made with Brazil or Argentina, for example.
When the Robot Says “No”: The Impact of Robot Agreement and Disagreement on User's Trust, Perceived Expertise and Compliance
Authors: Maj Konrad , Modliński Artur , Małaszniak Wiktoria , Kamerys Jan
Published: January 2025

As social robots engage in increasingly complex interactions with humans, understanding the impact of their conversational behaviors on trust and compliance becomes essential. This study investigates how a robot’s agreement, disagreement, or neutral response to human opinions affects trust, perceived expertise, and compliance behaviors, such as data sharing and monetary donations. A total of 241 participants interacted with the humanoid robot Pepper across conditions that varied by the robot's response type (agreement, disagreement, or neutrality) and the conversational topic (human-centric vs. technical).The results demonstrated that robot disagreement significantly reduced trust and perceived expertise, as well as the willingness to share personal data, compared to agreement or neutral responses. However, no differences were observed in trust, expertise perception, or compliance behaviors between the agreement and neutrality conditions. Furthermore, the conversational topic did not moderate these effects, suggesting that the robot’s reaction type plays a more critical role in shaping user attitudes than the nature of the discussion.These findings highlight the importance of designing interaction strategies for social robots that prioritize agreement or neutrality to foster trust and compliance. They also emphasize the need for further exploration of long-term trust dynamics and adaptive robot behaviors in diverse social contexts.
Drawing animals in the Palaeolithic: The effect of perspective and abbreviation on animal recognition and aesthetic appreciation.
Authors: Pagnotta Murillo , Psujek Mateusz , Fusaroli Riccardo , Straffon Larissa Mendoza , Tylén Kristian
Published: January 2025

The majority of Pleistocene figurative cave art in Western Europe consists of line drawings depicting large herbivores from the side view, and outlines were sometimes abbreviated to the head-neck-dorsal line. It is often assumed that the side view and abbreviation were used because they facilitate animal recognition compared to other views and to complete outlines, respectively. We investigate these claims grounded on the ecological approach to picture perception. We present the implications of the ecological approach for the study of cave art and report an experiment conducted to examine the roles of perspective and abbreviation in cave art in relation to two roles: communicating about specific animals and inducing aesthetic appreciation. Participants were shown outlines of animals (bison, horse, hind, and ibex), which varied in terms of perspective (frontal, fronto-oblique, side, rear-oblique, and rear view) and abbreviation (complete or abbreviated). They were instructed to quickly identify them and to rate their aesthetic value. We found that side and oblique views provide equivalent information, equally facilitating recognition and inducing aesthetic appreciation; and did so more than frontal and rear views. We found that complete outlines facilitate recognition and induce more aesthetic appreciation compared to abbreviated outlines. Contrary to common assumptions, side views are not simply motivated by ease of recognition. Facts of ecological optics, production effort, and available drawing techniques must also be considered. Abbreviation may also be contingent on participation in a shared history of communicative practices and production effort, as its prevalence further from cave entrances might partly be motivated by the need to draw quickly as the light was scarce. Our results point to a complex interplay of perceptual, technical, and cultural factors in the development of early human art and show how an ecological approach to (picture) perception can bring new insights to inform these discussions.
Families First Home-Visiting Program: Impact on Child and Adolescent Education, Mental Disorders, and Service Use
Authors: Cameron Emily E , Joyce Kayla , Hunter Sandra , Brownell Marni , Chartier Mariette , Afifi Tracie , Nickel Nathan , Roos Leslie
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the Families First Home-Visiting (FFHV) program, versus risk-matched controls, on mental disorder, education, and service use outcomes in childhood and adolescence. Methods: Administrative-linked data from a retrospective, population-based cohort drawn from the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy repository, in Manitoba, Canada, was analysed. All families with a child born between 2003-2009 who were eligible for the FFHV program (N = 9,761) were included. Families were exposed to the FFHV program or not (risk-matched controls) when children were 0-3 years old. Outcomes of interest included mental disorders, educational, and service use. Moderators came from the FFHV program universal newborn screener and included child, parent psychosocial, and socioeconomic risk factors. Results: Children/Adolescents from the FFHV program were more likely to receive a mental disorder diagnosis (Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, mood and/or anxiety disorders, any mental illness) and engage with health services compared to risk-matched controls. No significant difference in education outcomes were found. Outcomes were moderated by the presence of child (service use), parent psychosocial (mental disorder and Early Development Instrument), and socioeconomic (service use, provincial education assessments, and Early Development Instrument) risk factors identified at birth. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate mental disorders, educational, and service use outcomes for children/adolescents who previously received the FFHV program. Findings have important implications for tailoring home-visiting programs based on significant moderation of risk factors identified at birth to optimize child outcomes. Trial Registration: N/A
Why some people struggle more than others with moral violations in the long-term: A belief updating model of moral injury
Authors: Herzog Philipp , McNally Richard J.
Published: January 2025

Exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIE) poses a threat to one’s moral beliefs that can lead to prolonged and impairing mental health outcomes (e.g., PTSD, depression, suicidality) related to moral injury (MI). Despite recent advances in MI research, little is known about how the experience of PMIE actually influences mental health outcomes and why some people are more affected by MI than others. Addressing these issues, the present article connects research from clinical science on MI with the basic science literature on belief updating through a cognitive neuroscience lens. In doing so, we propose a novel theoretical model of MI that allows empirically testable hypotheses about when and how PMIE is likely leading to worse long-term MI-related mental health outcomes. In particular, we argue that the integration of PMIE and its effect on an individual’s moral belief system depends on two factors: the perception of the PMIE as a moral violation, and the weight an individual assigns to their prior moral beliefs relative to the weight of the PMIE. We point then to some implications for the understanding, prevention and treatment of MI-related psychopathology. Before we outline some directions for future research on the underpinnings of this model, we develop a new comprehensive experimental research paradigm that allows to empirically study the psychopathology of MI from lab to real-life: the Moral Injury Paradigm (MIP) aimed at stimulating further MI research.
Learning mechanisms underlying impression formation and updating
Authors: Amodio David
Published: January 2025

Impression formation is the process of learning about people—how we infer a person’s character traits, goals, and preferences while forming our own attitudes toward them. Emerging research shows that impressions are formed through a variety of mechanisms—a multimodal process rooted in different underlying systems of learning and memory. In this review, I describe the roles of episodic, semantic, instrumental, and Pavlovian memory systems in impression formation and updating. By considering the unique and interactive functions of learning and memory mechanisms, this memory systems framework expands and clarifies our understanding of how impressions are formed, changed, and expressed in behavior, relative to prior accounts based only on semantic memory models, while illuminating longstanding debates on the nature of implicit social cognition and how social information is represented in the mind.
A Ten-Year Scoping Review of Qualitative Research on Online Psychoeducational, Counseling, and Therapy Groups
Authors: Rubel Deborah J. , Ferris April , Giscombe Keeble , Harshfield Karen , Mutize Sabriya , Resendiz Ana Rosa , Smith Briana
Published: January 2025

This scoping review aimed to determine the extent of qualitative research focused on online psychoeducational, counseling, and therapy groups published between 2014 and 2024, identify publication trends, and characterize the groups and populations served by the groups. It utilized the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist, a systematic search in the PsychINFO and Google Scholar databases, and study selection based on preset inclusion criteria. Ultimately, 18 studies were included. Data were charted on a review question-based matrix, which revealed novel trends in publication, study design, and group characteristics. Implications for future review and research are provided.
बौद्धदर्शनका व्यावहारिक उपयोगिता
Authors: शर्मा Sharma यादवप्रसाद  yadav Prasad
Published: January 2025

बौद्धदर्शनको सङ्क्षिप्त परिचय दिई यस दर्शनमा रहेका सामाजिक जीवनका निम्ति उपयोगी पक्षहरू प्रस्तुत गर्ने उद्देश्यमा केन्द्रित प्रस्तुत लेखका लागि पुस्तकालयीय विधिबाट सामग्री सङ्कलन गरिएको छ र यसरी सङ्कलित सामग्रीको विश्लेषण निगमनात्मक विधिबाट गरी लेखनमा एपिएपद्धति प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यो लेखमा शील, सदाचारजन्य उपयोगिता, विभेदरहित दृष्टिजन्य उपयोगिता, सम्बोधिजन्य उपयोगिता, गृहस्थहरूका लागि व्यावहारिक उपदेश, सामाजिक, आर्थिक, धार्मिक र न्यायिक व्यवहारजन्य उपयोगिताजस्ता विषयमा छलफल गरिएको छ तथा अन्तमा अनुचित र निरर्थक वचनबाट बँचेर सदा मङ्गलमयी र कल्याणकारी सुभाषित वाणीको प्रयोग, दुष्कर्महरूको परित्याग तथा करुणा, मैत्री आदिबाट उत्प्रेरित आचरण र चोरी, छलकपट, धुर्त्याइँ, घुस, आर्थिक बेइमानीजस्ता निषिद्ध कर्महरूबाट बँचेर गरिने न्यायपूर्ण जीविकोपार्जनको शिक्षा उपयोगितापूर्ण रहेको, विभेदरहित जीवनदृष्टि उपयोगितापूर्ण रहेको, सम्बोधिजन्य विकारविमुिक्त परम उपयोगी रहेको, गृहस्थहरूका लागि दिइएको व्यावहारिक उपदेश सार्थक जीवनयापनका लागि अत्यन्त उपयोगी रहेको र तपश्चर्याका नाममा गरिने शील, समाधि, प्रज्ञा र विमुक्तिसँग असम्बन्धित मूर्खतायुक्त अन्धवेणी परम्पराहरूको बौद्धदर्शनले गरेको खण्डन पनि सशक्त रहेको निष्कर्ष दिइएको छ ।
स्वास्थ्य र समाज
Authors: न्यौपाने Neupane नम्रता Namrata
Published: January 2025

यो लेखमा नेपाली समाजमा स्वास्थ्यको महत्त्व र स्वास्थ्य र समाजसँगको पारस्परिक सम्बन्धलाई उजागर गरिएको छ । शारीरिक, मानसिक, र सामाजिक रूपमा स्वस्थ व्यक्तिहरू समृद्ध समाजको आधार हुन् । नेपाल सरकारले वि.सं. २००७ सालपछि पञ्चवर्षीय योजनाहरू सुरु गर्यो, जसले समाजमा स्वास्थ्य जागरूकता र सेवाहरूको पहुँच बढाउन थाल्यो । अहिले करिब ७३ वर्षमा पुग्दा स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रमा धेरै परिवर्तन भएको छ । तर पनि अझै पनि धेरै नागरिक निःशुल्क स्वास्थ्य सेवाको उपभोगबाट वञ्चित छन् । लेखले समाजमा रहेका अन्धविश्वासहरू र स्वास्थ्य सेवामा आधुनिकीकरणको आवश्यकतालाई चित्रित गर्न खोजेको छ । यो लेखले समृद्ध समाज निर्माणको लागि सरोकारवालहरूलाई सुझाव प्रदान गर्नुका साथै नागरिकले स्वास्थ्य र समाजप्रति कसरी सक्रिय भूमिका निर्वाह गर्न सक्छन् भन्ने विषयमा थोरै भए पनि जानकारी प्रदान गर्छ भन्ने आशा राखिएको छ । यति मात्र नभएर राजनीतिक, आर्थिक, शिक्षा, रीतिरिवाजले स्वस्थ समाज निमार्णमा कसरी भूमिका खेल्छन् । शक्तिको केन्द्रीकरणदेखि विकेन्द्रीकरणसम्ममा नेपालमा स्वास्थ्य समाज निमार्णमा केकस्ता सकारात्मक अनि नकारात्मक परिवर्तन आए र स्वस्थ समाज निमार्णमा राजनीतिको कस्तो प्रभाव छ भन्ने कुरा विश्लेषण गर्न खोजिएको छ ।
FDI in Nepal: Illusion and Reality
Authors: Gautam Rudra Prasad
Published: January 2025

Available with full text.
Labor and Market in Modern Sector Economy A Case of Three Western Tarai Districts
Authors: Silwal Uma Kant
Published: January 2025

Available with full text.
New Approaches in the Theory of Economic Democracy
Authors: Grigoryan Arman Arayik
Published: January 2025

Available with full text.
A Note on Economic Cooperation and Sustainable Development in Nepal
Authors: Shah Madhavi Singh
Published: January 2025

Available with Full text.
Community Forestry in Nepal: A Review of Socioeconomic Contribution to Forest-Dependents in a Changing Climate
Authors: Gautam Narayan Prasad , Bhusal Prabin , Raut Nirjala , Wu Penfei
Published: January 2025

Community forestry (CF) in Nepal has successfully revitalized the barren hills and improved the socioeconomic conditions of communities that depend on forests. However, a thorough review of its actual contribution to poverty reduction and its potential to mitigate the impacts of climate change remains lacking. To contribute to this statement, we reviewed and synthesized the literature from 1987 to 2023, focusing on Nepal's community forest management scenario and its contribution to the socioeconomic aspect of forest-dependent communities in a changing climate. This will aid in generating evidence regarding the extent to which CF contributes to the economic upliftment of forest users and how it should address the gaps in the CF's poverty reduction objective. This review aims to help policymakers and practitioners find ways to integrate climate change issues into community forest management. This paper is fully based on a literature review where articles and journals pertaining to the topic were searched, and websites such as Crossref, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar were used to access the documents. The review explains that CF substantially contributes to forest development, community development, and the socioeconomic change of forest-dependent communities in a changing climate. Nevertheless, the economic benefits, particularly the contribution to poverty reduction, have not met expectations yet. However, we should not undermine its potential to reduce poverty. Thus, focusing on the context-specific policy should be a priority.
Analyzing Gender Representation in English Textbooks (IX & X) through Gender Schema Theory
Authors: Tiwari Yasoda
Published: January 2025

The current English textbooks of Nepal misrepresent gender in lexical, graphic, and symbolic ways. If a teaching material starts misrepresenting gender through an academic approach, It directly hits the mental and behavioural aspects of students. This study explores gender representation in the current English textbooks IX and X from the perspective of qualitative research design and the Gender Schema Theory and Critical Discourse Analysis to explore how gender is represented in terms of visibility, character attitudes, and gender stereotypes. The results indicate that these textbooks misrepresented gender differently, including profession, social roles, prioritizing male roles, and social space. This dominance reveals a persistent gender bias favoring men in various activities, such as becoming athletes, holding prestigious positions, and participating in sports. Despite this bias, gender stereotyping has significantly decreased compared to previous research, with some evidence of equality in responsibilities, activities, and pictorial representations. This study suggests contributing to raising gender awareness in education in order to maintain equity and equality in learning.
Narrative Technique in Jeet Bahadur Katuwal's Sitanjali
Authors: Kanel Achut Raj , Adhikari Rohit Kumar
Published: January 2025

This paper has studied how an author can resurrect and reconstruct the mythology of the Ramayana and how to bring necessary creative additions to the ancient story so that the resultant will be a new story. Katuwal's novel Sitanjali is entirely based on the event of the Ramayana story. However, author’s creativity is diluted in such a way that the novel stands a complete masterpiece of a newly version of a Nepali novel. The methodology applied in the research is Gerard Genette’s structuralism. Katuwal's Sitanjali is in a novel version of the Ramayana into a genre of Nepali novel written in a wide range of spectrum, which deems progressive and even subversive. This study is significant in order to disclose how the sidelined voices are given preference in these stories. There is an attempt to give the women characters their due status and that is why some of the novel's event sequences make it a point to be viewed from the feminine perspective.
The Effectiveness of Teaching Speaking through Audio Aids
Authors: Dulal Ganesh Prasad
Published: January 2025

Effectiveness of teaching speaking through audio aids plays principal role in scaffolding speech communication verbally in the classroom, such as selection and use of language as a resource as well as medium of instruction, instructional strategies and teaching materials. Considering classroom space as a social space, this paper explores whether or not linguistic discourse analysis can be used as a resource for learning, the effectiveness regarding the use of audio aids as a resource in second/foreign language classroom management. The information for this phenomenological qualitative research study in a constituent campus through a series of interviews of the students reveals by the researcher, classroom observation and informal interactions of the students to raise the issues. From this study it is concluded that ample opportunities should be given to use audio aids as the medium of instruction in the classroom settings creating face to face interaction, speech conversation, debate and live dialogue in order to tap the students’ communicational talents and abilities for developing constituent campus
Letermovir treatment for refractory or resistant cytomegalovirus infection or disease or with concurrent organ dysfunction: a phase 2 open label study
Authors: Cheng Matthew P , Gonzalez-Bocco Isabel H , Arbonna-Haddad Esther , Aleissa Muneerah , Chen Kaiwen , Zhou Eric , Beluch Katherine , Cho Alyssa , Burchett Sandra , Moulton Elizabeth , Desjardins Michaël , Baden Lindsey R , Koo Sophia , Letourneau Alyssa R , Hammond Sarah P , Ritz Jerome , Soiffer Robert , Issa Nicolas C , Kim Haesook T , Sherman Amy C
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Refractory or resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease pose a significant challenge in immunocompromised patients, including solid organ transplant (SOT) and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients. This study aimed to evaluate letermovir as a treatment for patients with CMV infection or disease.

Methods:

We performed an open-label, phase II non-randomized clinical trial. Adult and pediatric (≥12 years of age) patients who had undergone an SOT or allo-HCT and who required antiviral treatment for refractory or resistant CMV or who had CMV with concurrent organ dysfunction were eligible. Patients received letermovir treatment daily for up to 12 weeks with an optional additional 12 weeks of therapy for secondary prophylaxis if clinically indicated. The primary objectives were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of letermovir treatment based upon virological and clinical responses.

Results:

Ten patients were enrolled in the study and seven patients completed the study treatment and follow-up period. The overall virological response (defined as a complete virological response at the end of the study period) rate was 60% in the study population. The study drug was well tolerated as only two patients experienced study drug-related toxicity and only one grade 3 toxicity (elevated ALT) was observed. Letermovir was not associated with acute kidney injury, hepatotoxicity, cardiac arrhythmias, or bone marrow suppression.

Conclusion:

In this limited sample, letermovir for CMV treatment was safe and well tolerated. Further research is needed to determine if letermovir can be used for the treatment of refractory or resistant CMV infection or disease.
SMAS-rhytidectomy and fractional laser therapy in patients with age-related facial changes
Authors: Vasyliuk S. M. , Prudnikov O. V. , Petrash A. V. , Hudyvok V. I. , Labiak I. R. , Krysa B. V.
Published: January 2025

Annotation. Aim – to evaluate the outcomes of the combination of SMAS facelift and fractional laser resurfacing in patients with involutional facial changes. The study included 58 female patients aged 30 to 55 who underwent SMAS facelift combined with fractional CO2 laser resurfacing. SMAS rhytidectomy was performed using the standard technique for lifting soft tissues of the face and neck. The power settings and the number of CO2 laser passes were adjusted individually based on the patient's skin type. Ninety days after surgery, 95% of patients reported high satisfaction with the procedure, 3.5% rated the result as satisfactory, and one patient (1.5%) was dissatisfied. Early postoperative complications were observed in 5 patients (8.6%): hematomas occurred in 5.1%, partial skin flap necrosis in 1.7%, infection in 1.7%, and hyperpigmentation in the laser-treated areas in 1.7%. So, the combination of SMAS facelift and fractional CO2 laser resurfacing is an effective method for correcting facial aging in women aged 30–55 years, providing high patient satisfaction with a low complication rate. The combination of rhytidectomy and laser skin treatment achieves more stable rejuvenation results, making it a reliable choice for patients with mixed signs of skin involution and tissue ptosis. Further research should focus on evaluating the long-term outcomes of this method in a larger cohort, considering different skin types and individual characteristics.
Perioperative management of patients with infective endocarditis complicated by acute heart failure
Authors: Koltunova H. B. , Rudenko S. A. , Chyzh K. P.
Published: January 2025

Annotation. The article presents the results of a retrospective analysis, which included clinical data from 311 patients with infective endocarditis over the period from January 1, 2019, to October 22, 2021, at the “M.M. Amosov National Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”. Clinical and laboratory data, as well as echocardiographic examination results, were recorded and statistically processed using STATISTICA 12.6. An algorithm for diagnostic and therapeutic measures was developed for patients with infective endocarditis presenting signs of acute heart failure during the perioperative period. The presence of vegetations on left heart valves on echocardiography, an end-diastolic index greater than 94.3 ml/m², an end-systolic index greater than 40.5 ml/m², a pulmonary artery pressure above 50 mm Hg, and a baseline NT-proBNP level over 7473.7 pg/ml were identified as independent indicators for admission to the intensive care unit and the need for urgent cardiac surgical intervention. Intraoperative hemosorption demonstrated that in-hospital mortality in the group without hemosorption was higher than in the group where hemosorption was used, with 4 (5.3%) and 1 (3.9%) patients, respectively. The results of the developed perioperative protocol for treating patients with infective endocarditis complicated by acute heart failure suggest it may be recommended for implementation in healthcare facilities.
Morphological Associations between White Matter Disease and Index Stroke Lesion
Authors: Bartiuk R. S. , Moskovko S. P. , Smolko D. G. , Smotrytska T. V. , Zheliba L. M. , Marunkevych Y. Yu.
Published: January 2025

Annotation. The aim of the research is to investigate the associations between white matter disease (WMD) parameters and index stroke lesion characteristics in patients with acute stroke. There are a number of studies that have examined the effect of WMD on the consequences of cerebral stroke, but few of them have addressed the issues of its effect on stroke focus parameters. The aim of the study is to establish relationships between WMD parameters and stroke focus characteristics in patients with acute cerebral stroke. 294 consecutive patients with acute stroke were enrolled. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Assessment for WMD markers and index stroke lesion parameters as well as clinical-neurological testing were performed. Statistical analysis was performed using the jamovi project (2022). Jamovi (Version 2.2.5) [Computer Software]. Sydney, Australia. In the multivariable analysis, WMD grade 3 significantly associated with stroke volume (b = 30.0; 95% CI 3.6 - 56.5, p = 0.026), more severe brain edema (OR = 2.4; 95% CI 1.0 - 5.8, p = 0.047). Irregular shape of WMD associated with brain edema (b = 0.4; 95% CI 0.1 - 0.7, p = 0.019) and ischemic penumbra growth (b = -0.7; 95% CI –1.2 - -0.1, p = 0.014). Patients with severe WMD had significantly higher prevalence of hemorrhagic transformation: 2 (3%) vs 29 (13%), p < 0.05 and more often had neuroimaging evidence of previous stroke lesions: 3 (5%) vs 34 (32%), p <0.001. Thus, WMD characteristics are independent predictors of larger index stroke volume, brain edema growth, early ischemic changes preceding thrombolytic therapy and hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke lesion, which is important for better prognosis and preventive strategies.
Postoperative pancreatic fistula and postpancreatectomy acute pancreatitis: influence on the clinical course of the postoperative period and outcomes in patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Formanchuk T. V.
Published: January 2025

Annotation. Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is one of the most difficult surgical interventions in abdominal surgery. Particularly important complications of PD are postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and postpancreatectomy acute pancreatitis (PPAP), which have a significant impact on the clinical course of the postoperative period, hospitalization duration, risk of infectious complications, and overall health outcomes. The study was based on the analysis of 296 cases of patients who underwent PD in the period from 2014 to 2023. The criteria of the International study group on pancreatic surgery (ISGPS) were used to diagnose PPAP. Patients were divided into four groups according to the presence or absence of POPF and PPAP. The data obtained were processed by statistical methods using SPSS. Among 296 patients who underwent PD, POPF developed in 42,2% of cases, and PPAP - in 42,6%. Patients with a combination of POPF and PPAP had the worst rates of postoperative complications, more often required repeated interventions, and stayed in the hospital longer. The group with isolated POPF, but without PPAP, demonstrated the highest incidence of serious complications (bleeding, sepsis, multiple organ failure). The lowest complications were observed in the group without POPF and PPAP. Thus POPF and PPAP significantly worsen the course of the postoperative period in patients after PD, increasing the incidence of severe complications and mortality. To reduce the risks, individualized preoperative strategies, monitoring and prevention of POPF and PPAP in the perioperative management program of patients undergoing PD are necessary.
Radical surgical treatment methods for pancreatic tumors
Authors: Pidmurniak O. O. , Tsvihun M. B. , Kravchuk Y. S. , Pidmurniak O. O.
Published: January 2025

Annotation. Pancreatic cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, ranking seventh among other neoplastic diseases with high mortality rates. The purpose of the work is to review and analyze the effectiveness of various surgical methods of pancreatic cancer treatment. Currently, the only radical treatment method for pancreatic cancer is surgical intervention. There is a range of surgical operations for pancreatic cancer, requiring the surgeon to differentiate and appropriately apply them to each clinical case. The choice of surgical treatment strategy primarily depends on assessing the resectability of the tumor, with the goal of achieving R0 resection and conducting lymphadenectomy. This article presents the results of an analysis of literature data and the outcomes of our own surgical experience over the past 15 years. It has been determined that among all radical surgical methods for treating pancreatic tumor lesions, segmental resections lead to significantly better overall patient condition with a lower percentage of complications and early mortality. Additionally, segmental resections allow for tumor removal while preserving the maximum volume of healthy parenchyma and maintaining normal anatomical and physiological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. This substantially reduces the risk of pancreatic endocrine insufficiency, while maintaining a high quality of life and work capacity for patients. The main goal of treating pancreatic cancer is to improve and optimize radical surgical treatment methods while adhering to all oncological principles, reducing complication and mortality rates, and improving the rehabilitation period and overall patient condition.
Prospects for the development of higher medical education in the conditions of war and pandemics
Authors: Semenenko S. I. , Vozniuk L. A. , Semenenko A. I. , Doroshkevych I. O. , Semenenko N. O. , Zhamba A. O. , Semenenko O. M. , Oleksiienko I. V.
Published: January 2025

Annotation. The state of higher medical education in today's conditions has undergone significant changes. The use of distance education with the involvement of modern information capabilities as an alternative to the traditional learning process has shown itself positively in the context of pandemics and full-scale Russian military aggression. But the use of such learning elements specifically among medical students has caused controversy due to the idea that in order to acquire knowledge and practical skills, physicians need to be personally present in classrooms for learning and practice. Therefore, the purpose of the article was to analyze the system of theoretical, methodological and anxiological attitudes of the development of higher medical education in the conditions of modern challenges. General scientific and theoretical pedagogical methods of research were used in order to implement the set tasks. A comprehensive analysis of the problem of organizing the training of future doctors was performed using innovative methods of organizing the educational process. In addition, the role of the teacher in today's conditions is highlighted. An analysis of the use of modern teaching methods was carried out STEM education: quest-task, training, case study. Conclusions were made regarding the comprehensive use of modern teaching methods, as this will have an impact on the formation of the level of theoretical and practical knowledge. Attention is drawn to aspects of further transformation of higher medical education in Ukraine.
Restoration and development of the health care system of Ukraine and implementation of the who mental/psychology health promotion guidelines
Authors: Petrushenko V. V. , Chorna V. V.
Published: January 2025

Annotation. The purpose of this work is to study the solution of the problem of mental health of the population of Ukraine and the comparative experience of WHO. The methods used in the work are: bibliosemantic, content analysis. The WHO has developed tools and recommendations, comprehensive policy plans for all member states in the “Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan for 2021-2030” and has legalized the field of mental/mental health for all countries of the world. Ukraine has developed a “Plan for the Recovery of the Healthcare System of Ukraine from the Consequences of the War for 2022-2032” to improve the provision of care to people with mental disorders. The main areas of focus are to improve patient awareness and satisfaction with medical care at all levels of care and to ensure a person-centered approach, as practiced in European countries. The main directions in achieving the objectives in the “Plan for the Recovery of the Healthcare System of Ukraine from the Consequences of the War for 2022-2032” are the development of legislative and regulatory documents to restore the healthcare sector and infrastructure in accordance with international requirements to strengthen and preserve the mental/mental health of the population of Ukraine; centralization of management and planning of the healthcare network at the national and regional levels to complete the healthcare reform, namely planning at the primary and hospital levels.
Gout – from history to the present
Authors: Slepchenko N. S. , Poberezhets V. L. , Livakovskyi K. S. , Kernitskyi V. V. , Matviienko K. M. , Bokhan A. S.
Published: January 2025

Anotation. Gout is a metabolic disease caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Due to improved living standards, the number of gout patients worldwide is constantly increasing. Scientific views on the causes of appearance and clinical manifestations changed and supplemented over time. The purpose of our work is to study the history of gout and research the latest data about it, using the PubMed database. About 20,000 results were found for the query. Preference was given to articles of the last 5-10 years. 36 articles corresponded to the purpose of the work. We conducted a review and analysis of the literature based on EULAR, ACR, NICE guidelines, and articles from specialized medical journals. During the search for information, we selected the main points from the recommendations and summarized the currently known information. The need to study all aspects of this disease is important for the further development of the healthcare system and the prevention of gout spread.
ZANGEZUR CORRIDOR: REALITIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR NAKHCHIVAN'S ECONOMY
Authors: Shahin Aliye
Published: January 2025

The article examines the factors that will affect the economy of Nakhchivan with the opening and operation of the Zangezur corridor. Research has revealed that with the implementation of the Zangezur corridor, Nakhchivan will first and foremost emerge from the blockade, gain direct connection with mainland, Azerbaijan, and see an increase in its economic potential. Secondly, with the launch of this corridor, Armenia will also establish its relations with Turkey and Europe through this railway. It can be seen from the studies that were conducted that the Zangezur corridor is of great economic and political importance. One of the issues that increase the political and economic importance of the road is that it is located in one of the main centers connecting East and West. Second, the realization of the Zangezur corridor will create an alternative passage with the main territory of Azerbaijan and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, which is of great importance within the framework of the regional political configuration, which will reduce the impact of the "Nakhchivan transit" issue, which is one of Iran's most important levers on Azerbaijan. In general, this road will be quite important in the field of both cargo and passenger transportation, which is one of the issues that justify the relevance of the topic. The purpose of the topic is to analyze Zangezur Corridor's potential for economic impact and development directions, as well as development perspectives. One of the tasks set to achieve the stated goal is to examine the perspectives of activity regulation and sustainable development, the sustainability and development of the additional energy sector.
Role of the State and Market in Low Cost Housing Provision: The Case Study of Open Registration System (ORS) for Low Cost House Buyers in Malaysia
Authors: Shuid Syafiee
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research is to examine the role of the state and market in low cost housing allocation in Malaysia in the context of a global trend towards neo-liberalism. This research explores the transformation in low cost housing provision in Malaysia particularly in the allocation process. The research is premised on a qualitative research paradigm using case study research design. The low cost housing allocation system in Malaysia under the Open Registration System (ORS) was selected as a case study to determine the role of the state and market in housing allocation. Meanwhile the State of Selangor was selected to study the implementation of ORS at the state level. The research framework was based on the Structure of Housing Provision (SHP) approach in order to determine the changes in housing provision system in Malaysia since the 1950s and to identify the key players involved in the low cost housing production and allocation process. The method of data collection was based on the analysis of documents, qualitative interviews and a group interview. The key findings include, firstly, the fact that housing provision in Malaysia shows no sign of convergence with the Western neo-liberal model. The state continues to control and regulate the market in low cost housing allocation through ORS. Secondly, although low cost housing production shows trends of commodification since the early 1990s, but the allocation process remains the sole responsibility of the state and is highly decommodified. Thirdly, most low cost house buyers prefer the market to manage the allocation for private low cost housing. Finally, ORS implementation shows the state is dominant in housing provision in Malaysia, which is synonymous with the developmental state approach in the East Asia.
Low Energy Ground Cooling System For Buildings In Hot And Humid Malaysia
Authors: Sanusi Aliyah Nur Zafirah
Published: January 2025

This thesis presents an investigation into the viability of Low Energy Earth Pipe Cooling Technology in providing thermal comfort in Malaysia. The demand for air-conditioning in buildings in Malaysia affects the country escalating energy consumption. Therefore, this investigation was intended to seek for a passive cooling alternative to air-conditioning. By reducing the air-conditioning demand, there would be a higher chance of Malaysia government to achieve their aim in reducing CO2 emissions to 40 per cent by the year 2020, compared to 2005 levels. The passive technology, where the ground was used as a heat sink to produce cooler air, has not been investigated systematically in hot and humid countries. In this work, air and soil temperatures were measured on a test site in Kuala Lumpur. At 1m underground, the result is most significant, where the soil temperature are 6oC and 9oC lower than the maximum ambient temperature during wet and dry season, respectively. Polyethylene pipes were buried around 0.5m, 1.0m and 1.5m underground and temperature drop between inlet and outlet were compared. A significant temperature drop was found in these pipes: up to 6.4oC and 6.9oC depending on the season of the year. The results have shown the potential of Earth Pipe in providing low energy cooling in Malaysia. A parametric study on the same experiment was carried out using Energy Plus programme. Energy Plus data agreed with the field work data and therefore, this confirms Energy Plus is reliable to investigate Earth Pipe Cooling in Malaysia. Furthermore, thermal comfort of air at the Earth Pipe outlet was analyzed and the result has shown that the outlet air is within the envelope of thermal comfort conditions for hot/humid countries.
Editorial Board
Authors: Abdul Rashid Kharuddin
Published: January 2025

Editorial Board for Vol.2, No. 1