bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buszel, Kombajner, and Rels: Fisiak’s 1961 Corpus of English Borrowings in Polish Fifty Five Years Later
Authors: Dylewski Radosław
Published: January 2017

The onset of Professor Jacek Fisiak’s scholarly career is marked by his 1961 Ph.D. dissertation devoted to the lexical influence of English upon Polish. This study, conducted 55 years ago, offers a multilayered analysis and sets the standards of studies on lexical transfer from English to Polish for the years to come. The present article is a tribute to Fisiak’s first scholarly endeavor; it examines the fate of lexical items comprising Fisiak’s corpus in the second decade of the 21st century. More specifically, by conducting searches in the National Corpus of Polish as well as a Google search, the paper checks which borrowings to the Polish language listed and scrutinized by Fisiak gained popularity, which fell out of use, and which underwent semantic changes.
The Effect of Dreissena polymorpha on Bacterioplankton, Nematode Fauna and their Relations to Environmental Factors in Ogosta Reservoir (Danube Basin)
Authors: Kalcheva Hristina , Stoichev Stefan , Beshkova Mihaela , Kalchev Roumen , Stanchkova Marieta , Kozuharov Dimitar , Trichkova Teodora
Published: January 2017

Spatial, seasonal, and annual bacterioplankton dynamics in recently infested by the species Dreissena polymorpha Ogosta Reservoir were studied for the first time during three year period. Bacterioplankton total number was higher in spring in ecotone zones, than in summer at thermocline. NH4-N, PO4-P, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, COD and chlorophyll-a correlate positively, while transparency and Ca2+ negatively with bacteria. Nematode species composition, included 22 species studied (13 rarely found and Rhabditis brevispina new for Bulgaria) belonging to nine families. The D. polymorpha impact is positive on nematodes and phytoplankton, negative on zooplankton and bacterioplankton, but weak positive on larger bacteria, rods and attached bacteria.
Proposing a Technical Solution for Restoring Longitudinal Connectivity in the Brădeni/Retiş Accumulation Area on Hârtibaciu River
Authors: Voicu Răzvan , Miles Kelly , Sotir Robbin , Bănăduc Angela-Curtean , Bănăduc Doru
Published: January 2017

The fish fauna of the Hârtibaciu River has experienced a disrupted connectivity due to the hydrotechnical works and the Brădeni/Retiş Dam located across the Hârtibaciu watercourse being one of this significant obstacles. The newly proposed constructed wetlands can improve the habitat quality for the fish species of conservative interest sampled in the Brădeni/Retiş Dam proximity Rhodeus amarus, and can increase the individuals’ number of this population. Also can benefit the local populations of Phoxinus phoxinus and Gobio obtusirostris. Using gravitational force and also the underground layout, a proposed technical solution gives maximum safety regarding the water supply for the newly proposed to be created wetlands.
Land-Use Change Scenarios of Chosen Small Water Body – Public Participation for a New Reality
Authors: Maślanko Weronika , Sender Joanna , Kułak Agnieszka
Published: January 2017

The object of this study was a small water body adjacent to the Zemborzycki Reservoir. The aim of the study was to find an optimal way of management of the small water body’s surroundings based on scenario building and public participation. The three following scenarios of the small water body’s surroundings’ management with a leading role were used: a) ecological and educational, b) representative and recreational, and c) left in its current form. As a result of the public participation conducted in 2011, it was shown that the ecological and educational scenario is the most optimal for the respondents; and in 2012, implementation had been undertaken. In the decision-making process, a public participation seems to play an important role because actions are accepted, thus fulfilling needs of most users and allowing for identification of the society within a given place.
Four New Species of the Genus Melanagromyza (Diptera, Agromyzidae) from Ukraine
Authors: Guglya Yu. A.
Published: January 2017

Melanagromyza trapezoidea sp. n., M. asymmetrica sp. n., M. cuprea sp. n. and M. pratensis sp. n. are described, and a key to Melanagromyza species known to occur in Ukraine is provided.
Regulatory Architecture of Gene Expression Variation in the Threespine Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus
Authors: Pritchard Victoria L , Viitaniemi Heidi M , McCairns R J Scott , Merilä Juha , Nikinmaa Mikko , Primmer Craig R , Leder Erica H
Published: January 2017

Much adaptive evolutionary change is underlain by mutational variation in regions of the genome that regulate gene expression rather than in the coding regions of the genes themselves. An understanding of the role of gene expression variation in facilitating local adaptation will be aided by an understanding of underlying regulatory networks. Here, we characterize the genetic architecture of gene expression variation in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), an important model in the study of adaptive evolution. We collected transcriptomic and genomic data from 60 half-sib families using an expression microarray and genotyping-by-sequencing, and located expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) underlying the variation in gene expression in liver tissue using an interval mapping approach. We identified eQTL for several thousand expression traits. Expression was influenced by polymorphism in both cis- and trans-regulatory regions. Trans-eQTL clustered into hotspots. We did not identify master transcriptional regulators in hotspot locations: rather, the presence of hotspots may be driven by complex interactions between multiple transcription factors. One observed hotspot colocated with a QTL recently found to underlie salinity tolerance in the threespine stickleback. However, most other observed hotspots did not colocate with regions of the genome known to be involved in adaptive divergence between marine and freshwater habitats.
The CgHaa1-Regulon Mediates Response and Tolerance to Acetic Acid Stress in the Human Pathogen Candida glabrata
Authors: Bernardo Ruben T , Cunha Diana V , Wang Can , Pereira Leonel , Silva Sónia , Salazar Sara B , Schröder Markus S , Okamoto Michiyo , Takahashi-Nakaguchi Azusa , Chibana Hiroji , Aoyama Toshihiro , Sá-Correia Isabel , Azeredo Joana , Butler Geraldine , Mira Nuno Pereira
Published: January 2017

To thrive in the acidic vaginal tract, Candida glabrata has to cope with high concentrations of acetic acid. The mechanisms underlying C. glabrata tolerance to acetic acid at low pH remain largely uncharacterized. In this work, the essential role of the CgHaa1 transcription factor (encoded by ORF CAGL0L09339g) in the response and tolerance of C. glabrata to acetic acid is demonstrated. Transcriptomic analysis showed that CgHaa1 regulates, directly or indirectly, the expression of about 75% of the genes activated under acetic acid stress. CgHaa1-activated targets are involved in multiple physiological functions including membrane transport, metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids, regulation of the activity of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, and adhesion. Under acetic acid stress, CgHaa1 increased the activity and the expression of the CgPma1 proton pump and contributed to increased colonization of vaginal epithelial cells by C. glabrata. CgHAA1, and two identified CgHaa1-activated targets, CgTPO3 and CgHSP30, are herein demonstrated to be determinants of C. glabrata tolerance to acetic acid. The protective effect of CgTpo3 and of CgHaa1 was linked to a role of these proteins in reducing the accumulation of acetic acid inside C. glabrata cells. In response to acetic acid stress, marked differences were found in the regulons controlled by CgHaa1 and by its S. cerevisiae ScHaa1 ortholog, demonstrating a clear divergent evolution of the two regulatory networks. The results gathered in this study significantly advance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the success of C. glabrata as a vaginal colonizer.
The Physical Genome Mapping ofAnopheles albimanusCorrected Scaffold Misassemblies and Identified Interarm Rearrangements in GenusAnopheles
Authors: Artemov Gleb N , Peery Ashley N , Jiang Xiaofang , Tu Zhijian , Stegniy Vladimir N , Sharakhova Maria V , Sharakhov Igor V
Published: January 2017

The genome of the Neotropical malaria vector Anopheles albimanus was sequenced as part of the 16 Anopheles Genomes Project published in 2015. The draft assembly of this species consisted of 204 scaffolds with an N50 scaffold size of 18.1 Mb and a total assembly size of 170.5 Mb. It was among the smallest genomes with the longest scaffolds in the 16 Anopheles species cluster, making An. albimanus the logical choice for anchoring the genome assembly to chromosomes. In this study, we developed a high-resolution cytogenetic photomap with completely straightened polytene chromosomes from the salivary glands of the mosquito larvae. Based on this photomap, we constructed a chromosome-based genome assembly using fluorescent in situ hybridization of PCR-amplified DNA probes. Our physical mapping, assisted by an ortholog-based bioinformatics approach, identified and corrected nine misassemblies in five large genomic scaffolds. Misassemblies mostly occurred in junctions between contigs. Our comparative analysis of scaffolds with the An. gambiae genome detected multiple genetic exchanges between pericentromeric regions of chromosomal arms caused by partial-arm translocations. The final map consists of 40 ordered genomic scaffolds and corrected fragments of misassembled scaffolds. The An. albimanus physical map comprises 98.2% of the total genome assembly and represents the most complete genome map among mosquito species. This study demonstrates that physical mapping is a powerful tool for correcting errors in draft genome assemblies and for creating chromosome-anchored reference genomes.
CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Double-Strand Break Repair in Arabidopsis Nonhomologous End-Joining Mutants
Authors: Shen Hexi , Strunks Gary D , Klemann Bart J P M , Hooykaas Paul J J , de Pater Sylvia
Published: January 2017

Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most harmful DNA lesions. Cells utilize two main pathways for DSB repair: homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). NHEJ can be subdivided into the KU-dependent classical NHEJ (c-NHEJ) and the more error-prone KU-independent backup-NHEJ (b-NHEJ) pathways, involving the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). However, in the absence of these factors, cells still seem able to adequately maintain genome integrity, suggesting the presence of other b-NHEJ repair factors or pathways independent from KU and PARPs. The outcome of DSB repair by NHEJ pathways can be investigated by using artificial sequence-specific nucleases such as CRISPR/Cas9 to induce DSBs at a target of interest. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 for DSB induction at the Arabidopsis cruciferin 3 (CRU3) and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) genes. DSB repair outcomes via NHEJ were analyzed using footprint analysis in wild-type plants and plants deficient in key factors of c-NHEJ (ku80), b-NHEJ (parp1 parp2), or both (ku80 parp1 parp2). We found that larger deletions of >20 bp predominated after DSB repair in ku80 and ku80 parp1 parp2 mutants, corroborating with a role of KU in preventing DSB end resection. Deletion lengths did not significantly differ between ku80 and ku80 parp1 parp2 mutants, suggesting that a KU- and PARP-independent b-NHEJ mechanism becomes active in these mutants. Furthermore, microhomologies and templated insertions were observed at the repair junctions in the wild type and all mutants. Since these characteristics are hallmarks of polymerase θ-mediated DSB repair, we suggest a possible role for this recently discovered polymerase in DSB repair in plants.
First in Vivo Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Transcriptomes Reveal Mechanisms of Host Exploitation, Host-Specific Gene Expression, and Expressed Genotype Shifts
Authors: Ellison Amy R , DiRenzo Graziella V , McDonald Caitlin A , Lips Karen R , Zamudio Kelly R
Published: January 2017

For generalist pathogens, host species represent distinct selective environments, providing unique challenges for resource acquisition and defense from host immunity, potentially resulting in host-dependent differences in pathogen fitness. Gene expression modulation should be advantageous, responding optimally to a given host and mitigating the costs of generalism. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a fungal pathogen of amphibians, shows variability in pathogenicity among isolates, and within-strain virulence changes rapidly during serial passages through artificial culture. For the first time, we characterize the transcriptomic profile of Bd in vivo, using laser-capture microdissection. Comparison of Bd transcriptomes (strain JEL423) in culture and in two hosts (Atelopus zeteki and Hylomantis lemur), reveals >2000 differentially expressed genes that likely include key Bd defense and host exploitation mechanisms. Variation in Bd transcriptomes from different amphibian hosts demonstrates shifts in pathogen resource allocation. Furthermore, expressed genotype variant frequencies of Bd populations differ between culture and amphibian skin, and among host species, revealing potential mechanisms underlying rapid changes in virulence and the possibility that amphibian community composition shapes Bd evolutionary trajectories. Our results provide new insights into how changes in gene expression and infecting population genotypes can be key to the success of a generalist fungal pathogen.
Imputation-Based Fine-Mapping Suggests That Most QTL in an Outbred Chicken Advanced Intercross Body Weight Line Are Due to Multiple, Linked Loci
Authors: Brandt Monika , Ahsan Muhammad , Honaker Christa F , Siegel Paul B , Carlborg Örjan
Published: January 2017

The Virginia chicken lines have been divergently selected for juvenile body weight for more than 50 generations. Today, the high- and low-weight lines show a >12-fold difference for the selected trait, 56-d body weight. These lines provide unique opportunities to study the genetic architecture of long-term, single-trait selection. Previously, several quantitative trait loci (QTL) contributing to weight differences between the lines were mapped in an F2-cross between them, and these were later replicated and fine-mapped in a nine-generation advanced intercross of them. Here, we explore the possibility to further increase the fine-mapping resolution of these QTL via a pedigree-based imputation strategy that aims to better capture the genetic diversity in the divergently selected, but outbred, founder lines. The founders of the intercross were high-density genotyped, and then pedigree-based imputation was used to assign genotypes throughout the pedigree. Imputation increased the marker density 20-fold in the selected QTL, providing 6911 markers for the subsequent analysis. Both single-marker association and multi-marker backward-elimination analyses were used to explore regions associated with 56-d body weight. The approach revealed several statistically and population structure independent associations and increased the mapping resolution. Further, most QTL were also found to contain multiple independent associations to markers that were not fixed in the founder populations, implying a complex underlying architecture due to the combined effects of multiple, linked loci perhaps located on independent haplotypes that still segregate in the selected lines.
Efficient Screening of CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Events in Drosophila Using a Co-CRISPR Strategy
Authors: Kane Nanci S , Vora Mehul , Varre Krishna J , Padgett Richard W
Published: January 2017

Genome editing using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and associated nuclease (Cas9) enables specific genetic modifications, including deletions, insertions, and substitutions in numerous organisms, such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. One challenge of the CRISPR/Cas9 system can be the laborious and time-consuming screening required to find CRISPR-induced modifications due to a lack of an obvious phenotype and low frequency after editing. Here we apply the successful co-CRISPR technique in Drosophila to simultaneously target a gene of interest and a marker gene, ebony, which is a recessive gene that produces dark body color and has the further advantage of not being a commonly used transgenic marker. We found that Drosophila broods containing higher numbers of CRISPR-induced ebony mutations (“jackpot” lines) are significantly enriched for indel events in a separate gene of interest, while broods with few or no ebony offspring showed few mutations in the gene of interest. Using two different PAM sites in our gene of interest, we report that ∼61% (52–70%) of flies from the ebony-enriched broods had an indel in DNA near either PAM site. Furthermore, this marker mutation system may be useful in detecting the less frequent homology-directed repair events, all of which occurred in the ebony-enriched broods. By focusing on the broods with a significant number of ebony flies, successful identification of CRISPR-induced events is much faster and more efficient. The co-CRISPR technique we present significantly improves the screening efficiency in identification of genome-editing events in Drosophila.
One-Cell Doubling Evaluation by Living Arrays of Yeast, ODELAY!
Authors: Herricks Thurston , Dilworth David J , Mast Fred D , Li Song , Smith Jennifer J , Ratushny Alexander V , Aitchison John D
Published: January 2017

Cell growth is a complex phenotype widely used in systems biology to gauge the impact of genetic and environmental perturbations. Due to the magnitude of genome-wide studies, resolution is often sacrificed in favor of throughput, creating a demand for scalable, time-resolved, quantitative methods of growth assessment. We present ODELAY (One-cell Doubling Evaluation by Living Arrays of Yeast), an automated and scalable growth analysis platform. High measurement density and single-cell resolution provide a powerful tool for large-scale multiparameter growth analysis based on the modeling of microcolony expansion on solid media. Pioneered in yeast but applicable to other colony forming organisms, ODELAY extracts the three key growth parameters (lag time, doubling time, and carrying capacity) that define microcolony expansion from single cells, simultaneously permitting the assessment of population heterogeneity. The utility of ODELAY is illustrated using yeast mutants, revealing a spectrum of phenotypes arising from single and combinatorial growth parameter perturbations.
Caenorhabditis elegansDAF-2 as a Model for Human Insulin Receptoropathies
Authors: Bulger David A , Fukushige Tetsunari , Yun Sijung , Semple Robert K , Hanover John A , Krause Michael W
Published: January 2017

Human exome sequencing has dramatically increased the rate of identification of disease-associated polymorphisms. However, examining the functional consequences of those variants has created an analytic bottleneck. Insulin-like signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans has long provided a model to assess consequences of human insulin signaling mutations, but this has not been evaluated in the context of current genetic tools. We have exploited strains derived from the Million Mutation Project (MMP) and gene editing to explore further the evolutionary relationships and conservation between the human and C. elegans insulin receptors. Of 40 MMP alleles analyzed in the C. elegans insulin-like receptor gene DAF-2, 35 exhibited insulin-like signaling indistinguishable from wild-type animals, indicating tolerated mutations. Five MMP alleles proved to be novel dauer-enhancing mutations, including one new allele in the previously uncharacterized C-terminus of DAF-2. CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing was used to confirm the phenotypic consequence of six of these DAF-2 mutations and to replicate an allelic series of known human disease mutations in a highly conserved tyrosine kinase active site residue, demonstrating the utility of C. elegans for directly modeling human disease. Our results illustrate the challenges associated with prediction of the phenotypic consequences of amino acid substitutions, the value of assaying mutant isoform function in vivo, and how recently developed tools and resources afford the opportunity to expand our understanding even of highly conserved regulatory modules such as insulin signaling. This approach may prove generally useful for modeling phenotypic consequences of candidate human pathogenic mutations in conserved signaling and developmental pathways.
Editorial
Authors: Agronomica Acta
Published: January 2017

Editorial Vol.66 - 1, 2017
La reconstrucción de un espacio de poder a través de los mapas. El caso de la cartografía misional del Obispado de Villarrica, Chile (1890-1935)
Authors: González Quitulef Hernán Leonel , Llancavil Llancavil Daniel Rodrigo
Published: January 2017

El artículo analiza el trabajo desplegado por los misioneros capuchinos bávaros en la Araucanía (Chile), entre 1890 y 1935, a partir del cual se levantaron mapas que representaron las dinámicas de poder presentes en el territorio durante aquel periodo. La investigación toma como referentes teóricos las perspectivas de la Geohistoria y la Geografía del poder. Las fuentes utilizadas provienen del Archivo Regional de la Araucanía y del Archivo del Obispado de Villarrica. Los resultados de la investigación reflejan que la acción misionera de los capuchinos siguió un patrón de ocupación territorial que sirvió de base para que el Estado Chileno consolidara la ocupación de la Araucanía. Asimismo, se demuestra que dicha acción misional permitió la formación de un espacio de poder que fue fundamental para la estructuración de los mecanismos administrativos que legitimaron la presencia del Estado en la zona.
Characterization of traditional production systems of sugarcane for panela and some prospects for improving their sustainability
Authors: Ramírez Gil Joaquín Guillermo
Published: January 2017

Sugarcane used for the production of “panela” (unrefined cane sugar) is a crop of great importance for Colombia’s rural economy. Additionally, it serves a fundamental role in the food security and sovereignty of the Colombian population and daily consumption. However, the small production system presents problems of sustainability, as a direct consequence of its technological arrears and loss of interest in this crop. In this study, a characterization of 30 small productive units located in three municipalities in Antioquia was performed with the objective of identifying the problems associated with this production system and stablish the causes associated with loss of area dedicated to this crop in the study area. The results demonstrate that in the region of study, this production system and its associated agro-industry have problems associated with low technological level, poor infrastructure, deficient agro-industry processing and low levels of associativity and marketing. This situation has generated a low economic solvency for the farmers, leading many to abandon this activity and migrate towards other economic sectors. The findings of this study indicate the need to reengineer this production system, for which they could make technological adaptations that improve productivity and product quality and generate added value. On the other hand, must the rural countryside attractive to avoid the loss of labor and make young people become interested in this economic activity. As strategies to improve productivity, we suggest the effective use of information technologies, improve rural living conditions, increase associativity and value added, involve the consumer in the production chain and design development policies for the entire chain of value.
Production and composition of buffalo milk supplemented with agro industrial byproducts of the african palm
Authors: Bustamante Hinojosa Carlos Augusto , Campos Rómulo , Sánchez Guerrero Hugo
Published: January 2017

The goal for this applied research was to assess the production and composition of buffalo milk when Oil Palm kernel flour and Oil Palm kernel cake are supplemented to their diet. Thirty buffaloes from the grasslands of the Andes valleys in Colombia with 1 to 3 lactations and an average weight of 575 kg were selected for the experimental. The animals were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: (T1 Control Group) with no diet supplements, (T2) 1000 g·day-1 of oil palm kernel cake and 350 g·day-1 of molasses diet supplement, and (T3) 1150 g·day-1 of oil palm kernel flour. During the first 100 days of lactation, the milk livestock were individually weighed and milked. Milking was scheduled every 15 days, for a total of seven samples. The supplement consumption was recorded and a bromatological analysis of grasses was performed. The chemical composition of the milk was determined using an ultrasonic Ekomilk analyzer and a fatty acid full profile analysis was made using High Liquid Pressure Chromatography (HLPC). A 7 x 3 multiple variable statistical analysis was performed by sampling seven fifteen day periods and three types of diet. The average values of milk components observed were: 3.54% protein; 7.4% fat; total solids 16.9%; non-fat solids 9.5%; 2.1 fats to protein ratio. The profile of fatty acids showed 2.34% of polyunsaturated; 33.1% of monounsaturated; 64.6% of unsaturated fatty acids; and 0.96% of Omega 6 acids. In conclusion was observed partial effect to fat supplementation in the buffaloes milk production.
Preliminary characterization of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase and rheological behavior from Averrhoa carambola juice
Authors: Murillo Elizabeth , Aristizábal Juan Guillermo , Murillo Walter , Ibarz Ribas Albert , Méndez Jonh Jairo , Solanilla José Fernando
Published: January 2017

Averrhoa carambola fruit represents a potential as an agro-industrial production line. A restriction on the use of this exotic fruit is the susceptibility to enzymatic browning, affecting nutritional and visual acceptance. The aim of this study was to determine the physical and chemical composition of A. carambola at three stages of maturity. The polyphenol oxidase enzyme has also been characterized on the fruits and juices. Also, the enzymatic effect on the ripening stages and the fruit juices flow behavior were equally determined using different rheological models. The increasing in degrees Brix (unripe (UR) 6.63 ± 0.25, intermediate (IN) 6.8 ± 0.10 and ripe (R) 8.26 ± 0.37) and the decreasing of the pectinic content (UR 4.35% ± 0.98, IN 3.6% ± 1.26 and R 2.25% ± 0.76) could be considered as indicators of fruit ripening. The protein content and levels of organic acids decreased during the ripening of fruit was observed, indicate a high metabolic rate during this process. For all stages, the polyphenol oxidase exhibited a maximum activity at pH 8 and 40 °C. In the fruit aqueous fraction, the enzyme would be an appropriate indicator in industrial handling (temperatures below 20 °C and pH less than 7), which would control enzymatic browning. According to the rheological study, the viscosity variation (η: UR (13.4 to 1.1), IN (15.4 to 1.4), R (69.6 to 2.9)) with temperature changes (10 to 50 °C) is adjusted to the Arrhenius equation, whereas the effect of soluble solids content on the samples viscosity was accurately described by an exponential equation. This appears to be the first work to study the rheological properties and polyphenol oxidase enzyme of A. carambola fruit in our country, the information provided from this study could be helpful to the successful development of new food functional products.
KEPADATAN STOK IKAN DEMERSAL DAN UDANG DI SAMUDERA HINDIA BARAT SUMATERA PADA MUSIM PERALIHAN II
Authors: Nurulludin Nurulludin , Hidayat Thomas , Mamun Asep
Published: January 2017

Kepadatan stok ikan merupakan indikasi dari potensi perikanan di suatu wilayah yang sangat penting diketahui. Tujuan tulisan ini membahas tentang laju tangkap, kepadatan stok dan perkiraan biomassa ikan demersal serta udang. Penelitian sumber daya ikan demersal dan udang di Samudera Hindia Barat Sumatera dilakukan dengan menggunakan Kapal Riset Baruna Jaya IV (1.200 GT) pada bulan Oktober dan November 2015 (Musim peralihan II). Penghitungan kepadatan stok menggunakan metode sweept area dengan panjang tali ris atas dari jaring trawl 36 m, kecepatan kapal saat menarik jaring berkisar 2,5 – 3 knot, lama penarikan jaring maksimal 1 jam. Perairan Samudera Hindia Barat Sumatera terdiri dari 151 spesies yang tergolong dalam 59 famili. Famili ikan demersal yang dominan tertangkap (5 besar), yaitu Leiognathidae sebesar 23,6 %, Trichiuridae 9,8%, Haemulidae 8,0%,  Engraulididae 6,6%, dan Polynemidae 6,05%. Famili udang yaitu Penaeidae (79,08%), Scyllaridae 19,49%, dan Solenoceridae 1,43%. Rata-rata laju tangkap ikan demersal 205,80 kg/jam, dengan kepadatan stok 6,66 ton/km2 dan udang 2,30 kg/jam dengan kepadatan stok 0,053 ton/km2. Biomassa ikan demersal diperkirakan sebesar 470.122 ton dan udang 3.706 ton.  Fish stock density  is an index of stock abundance indicating the fish resources potential in a region.  This paper discusses the catch rate, stock density and biomass estimates of the demersal fish and shrimp resources. Research on the demersal fish and shrimp resources in the Indian Ocean-Western Sumatera conducted using the Research Vessel Baruna Jaya IV (1200 GT) carried out during  October and November 2015 (2nd intermonsoon season). Stock density was estimated through the swept area method. The trawl used has 36 m headrope, trawling speed of 2.5 - 3 knots, and maximum towing time was 1 hour. It was found that the fish resources in the waters of the Indian Ocean-Western Sumatera consisted of 151 species belonging to 59 families. The top five dominant fish families caught were Leiognathidae of 23.6%, Trichiuridae 9.8%, Haemulidae 8.0%, Engraulididae 6.6%, and Polynemidae 6.05%, while the shrimp families were Penaeidae of 79.08%, Scyllaridae 19.49%, and Solenoceridae 1.43%. The average catch rate of demersal fish was 205.80 kg/hour, with a stock density of 6.66 tons/km2 and shrimp of 2.30 kg/hour with a stock density of 5.3 kgs/km2. The estimated biomass of demersal fish was  470,122 tons and shrimp was 3,706 tons.
Bridge weigh-in-motion using fibre optic sensors
Authors: Lydon Myra , Taylor Su E. , Doherty Ciaran , Robinson Des , O'Brien Eugene J. , Žnidarič Aleš
Published: January 2017

Bridge weigh-in-motion systems were introduced in the 1970s as a structural health monitoring tool for road bridges. They help bridge operators determine the cause of induced strain in bridges and collect statistics on vehicle weight, class and frequency. There have been over 3000 installations in 25 countries worldwide, which has led to vast improvements in data post-processing. However, existing systems are based on electrical resistance strain gauges, which can be prohibitive in achieving data for long-term monitoring of rural bridges due to power consumption. This paper introduces a new low-power system using fibre optic sensors, which has been pioneered in Northern Ireland. A series of fibre optic sensors were attached to the soffit of an existing integral bridge with a single span of 19 m. The site selection criteria and full installation process are described in this paper. A method of calibration was adopted using live traffic at the bridge site, based on which the accuracy of the system was determined. New methods of axle detection for bridge weigh-in-motion were investigated and verified in the field.
Probabilistic service life of RC structures under carbonation
Authors: Faustino Pedro , Brás Ana , Gonçalves Fábio , Nunes Ângela
Published: January 2017

The service life of reinforced concrete structures is assessed for carbonation environments using mathematical models based on different tests: carbonation test-based modelling and air permeability test-based modelling. The study includes experimental testing of five concrete mixes with respect to compressive strength, accelerated carbonation and air permeability with different types of cement, in order to assess the models using probabilistic calculus. Both mathematical models are part of the Portuguese National Annex to the European standard EN 206 for the estimation of design service life. Engineers have the option of choosing which of the two models to use, which means that using either model should produce similar results. The design service life results show that the two models do not converge. The different principle of each test – accelerated carbonation and air permeability – and their different characteristics regarding the various parameters of the modelling equations are some of the aspects discussed.
Briefing: Recent developments in construction and engineering insurance law
Authors: Ghosh Ashok
Published: January 2017

The UK Supreme Court has considered, for the first time, the effect on an insurance claim of a ‘fraudulent device’ – the embellishment of that claim. In doing so, it has also clarified the ambit of the doctrine of utmost good faith, which for centuries has underpinned UK insurance contracts. The extent of the uncertainty which has hitherto surrounded this area of law can be seen by the fact that the opinion of four Supreme Court judges prevailed, notwithstanding the opposing views of five judges, one in the High Court, three in the Court of Appeal and one in the Supreme Court. This briefing note discusses the Supreme Court’s recent judgement in Versloot Dredging BV and another v. HDI Gerling Industrie Versicherung AG and others.
Application of thin-layer wicking method for surface free energy determination
Authors: Chibowski Emil , Hołysz Lucyna , Szcześ Aleksandra
Published: January 2017

The determination of solid surface free energy is still not a fully solved problem. There are several approaches to calculating the energy from the measured contact angles of probe liquids. Surface free energy changes accompany all processes occurring at a solid surface. Therefore, knowledge about these changes is very helpful for better understanding and prediction of their occurrences. In the case of a flat solid surface, contact angle measurement is a principal method for surface free energy determination, but many naturally occurring or artificial solids occur only as powders. In the case of such systems, the thin-layer wicking method, originally proposed by Giese, Constanzo and van Oss and further developed by Chibowski and Hołysz, is useful for determination of the surface free energy. The experimental methods for the determination of solid surface free energy bear some doubts, and the obtained results may be debatable. Nevertheless, even the determined relative changes in the energy shed light on the investigated process, helping in its handling. In this paper the theoretical fundamentals of the thin-layer wicking method as well as some practical guidelines are described. Moreover, literature data of the energy determination for some powdered solids and fabrics are reported.
Die verhouding tussen vertroue en diversiteitsklimaat by 'n Suid-Afrikaanse universiteit
Authors: McCallaghan S
Published: January 2017

Hierdie studie stel ondersoek in na die verwantskap tussen vertroue en die diversiteitsklimaat binne 'n Suid-Afrikaanse tersiêre inrigting. 'n Kwantitatiewe benadering met behulp van 'n nie-waarskynlikheidsgerieflikheidsteekproef (N=350) is gevolg. Die vraelys wat in die studie gebruik is, maak gebruik van 'n kombinasie van drie vooraf-gevalideerde instrumente. Die resultate dui aan dat die werknemers saamstem dat die instelling bereid is tot diversiteitsbestuur en die uitskakeling van diskriminasie. 'n Korrelasie-analise tussen die dimensies vertroue en diversiteitsklimaat het getoon dat al die vertrouedimensies, met die uitsondering van een - geneigdheid tot vertroue - 'n verwantskap met die belewing van 'n diversiteitsklimaat aantoon. Die resultate het ook verder aangedui dat die groep werknemers wie se opleiding net tot matriek/graad 12 gestrek het, 'n groter geneigdheid tot vertroue gehad het as die groep met 'n diploma of nagraadse kwalifikasie. Geneigdheid tot vertroue en onthullingsgebaseerde vertrouedimensies het die enigste opvallende verskille tussen wit en swart groepe getoon. Daar was geen praktiese betekenisvolheid tussen die diversiteitsklimaatkonstruk as dit kom by geslag, opvoedingsvlak, etnisiteit, werkstatus of vlak van werkstatusgroepe nie, en ons voer dus aan dat hierdie bevinding as n positiewe uitkoms vir die organisasie beskou moet word.
Die aard, wese en rol van die Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite in 'n ontwikkelende land
Authors: Smit F
Published: January 2017

Die studenteproteste aan die begin van 2015 en met die aanvang van die 2016-akademiese jaar het die universiteite tot in hul fondamente geskud. Die outonomie van universiteite is 'n nekslag toegedien toe die voorgestelde klasgeldverhogings tot 0%-verhoging wegonderhandel is. Daar is 'n volgehoue aandrang dat universiteite meer studente en veral meer swart studente moet toelaat. Die staatsbydrae het egter nie met die toename in studentegroei tred gehou nie. Klasgelde moes noodwendig verhoog word. Daar is egter twyfel of klasgelde in die toekoms verhoog sal word. Die universiteite betree dus 'n onsekere toekoms. Sonder drastiese herstrukturering en meer realistiese toelating van studente sal meer geld nie die probleme oplos nie. Die aandrang op transformasie bring groot onsekerheid by personeel en standaarde is ook in gevaar. Akademici moet akademiese vryheid aangryp en hierdie selfvernietigende proses op wetenskaplike wyses teenstaan.
LABORTERAPIA NA PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE NO TRABALHO SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA SOCIONOMIA
Authors: Schmidt Maria Luiza Gava
Published: January 2017

Introdução: O termo Laborterapia, citado pelo médico Jacob Levy Moreno, precursor da Socionomia, é a ciência que estuda as leis sociais e que está estruturada em três ramos (Sociometria, Psicodrama/Sociodrama, Sociatria) tendo sido criada por ele nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Objetivo: Este texto visa: Resgatar o significado do conceito de Laborterapia; Apresentar a experiência de Moreno como médico do trabalho, em especial um exemplo de sua atuação em uma lavanderia e; Ressaltar a importância da utilização de métodos socionômicos para propiciar o espaço de expressão e mobilização subjetiva dos trabalhadores. Metodologia: Em suas ações, Moreno utilizou entrevistas individuais (para verificar as razões das escolhas ou rejeições) antes e após a reorganização do grupo e o sociograma, um procedimento embasado na sociometria que permite visualizar os conflitos, compreendê-los e intervir na vincularidade grupal, de modo a resolver conflitos de relacionamento e melhorar aspectos da organização do trabalho. Resultados: Para Moreno, o resultado foi promissor, pois houve uma reorganização do grupo, sendo que os atritos interpessoais diminuíram acentuadamente e a produção aumentou para um tempo de trabalho reduzido. Suas experiências revelaram que a sociometria como forma de propiciar a coesão grupal é uma abordagem promissora na promoção da saúde no trabalho. Considerações Finais: Nossas experiências no campo da saúde no trabalho, mediante a utilização de métodos socionômicos preconizados por Moreno, revelaram que a abordagem socionômica é relevante, pois além de propiciar o espaço de expressão e mobilização subjetiva dos trabalhadores, confirmou a função terapêutica desta metodologia.
FATORES QUE FAVORECEM A REINCIDÊNCIA CRIMINAL A LUZ DA ANÁLISE FUNCIONAL
Authors: Souza Souto Verena , São Thiago Bezerra de Menezes Mariana
Published: January 2017

OBJETIVOS: A tentativa de obter comportamentos socialmente adequados num ambiente em que há privação de reforçadores apropriados é bastante evidente no sistema carcerário atual e torna o índice de reincidência elevado. Por esse motivo o presente trabalho buscou fazer uma análise das contingências da vida de um detento que podem se relacionar à reincidência criminal, pois o tempo limitado de contato com o sujeito e a multideterminação do comportamento não permite ter certeza de quais variáveis independentes podem ser responsáveis pela reincidência. MÉTODO: Foi feito um estudo descritivo do histórico de um sujeito apenado reincidente da Penitenciária Lemos de Brito em Salvador-BA, utilizando como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista aberta e a análise funcional para interpretação dos dados. RESULTADOS/DISCUSSÃO: A partir do presente estudo, pôde-se pensar que o Sistema Prisional tem dificuldade para dispor de meios eficazes para a ressocialização do detento, não o preparando de modo real para sua reinserção na sociedade tendo como principal consequência a reincidência criminal. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Torna-se necessário pensar em estratégias de investimento no tratamento penal e no acompanhamento dos egressos do sistema prisional e pensar em possibilidades de construção de políticas públicas, considerando, dentre outras medidas, a atenção psicossocial.
CasPASE™ Apoptosis Fluorometic Assay with Tissue Lysate v1
Authors: not provided G-Biosciences
Published: January 2017

CasPASE™ Apoptosis Fluorometric Assay provides a simple method for assaying the activities of various caspases (proteases), a key early indicator of apoptosis in mammalian cells.
AÇÃO SOCIAL DE PENTECOSTAIS E DA RENOVAÇÃO CARISMÁTICA CATÓLICA NO BRASIL. O discurso de seus líderes
Authors: Mariz Cecília Loreto
Published: January 2017

Tematizando a relação religião e espaço público, esse artigo analisa operações discursivas de agentes religiosos em defesa de um protagonismo imprescindível das instituições e crenças religiosas em projetos públicos especificamente no trabalho social. A comparação de entrevistas com líderes pentecostais e da Renovação Carismática Católica identifica como a crescente fluência na gramática secular dessa liderança, historicamente a menos intelectualizada dentre as cristãs, a habilita a criticar o discurso moderno a partir de dentro. Focando nos limites da prática médica científica e do discurso racional na promoção humana, em geral, e especialmente na recuperação de dependentes químicos, os líderes defendem a maior competência da religião na realização nesse trabalho social e de saúde pública. O texto sugere ainda que pesquisas empíricas, como a descrita, são espaços, dentre outros, que fomentam a construção de articulações entre falas religiosas e seculares.
PARA ALÉM DA RENDA. Uma análise da pobreza multidimensional no Brasil
Authors: Fahel Murilo , Teles Letícia Ribeiro , Caminhas Davy Alves
Published: January 2017

O Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional (IPM) foi adotado pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD) e desenvolvido pela Oxford Poverty et Human Development Initiative (OPHI) desde 2010 em consonância com o novo paradigma analítico internacional do fenômeno da pobreza. A metodologia utilizada neste estudo é baseada em Alkire e Foster (2011), que analisa a incidência e a intensidade da pobreza, ou seja, a porcentagem de indivíduos pobres e a distância média que esses indivíduos estão de uma situação de não pobreza. O objetivo é aplicar o IPM ao Brasil, utilizando os dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios de 2002, 2007, 2012 e 2013, produzida pelo IBGE. Os resultados indicam que o IPM no Brasil atinge 6,97% (2002) e 1,95% (2013), demonstrando que há uma tendência de redução entre os anos.
CIÊNCIA E MERCADO. Impasses na institucionalização de práticas empreendedoras em uma universidade pública brasileira
Authors: Barcelos Régis Leonardo Gusmão , Mocelin Daniel Gustavo
Published: January 2017

As políticas de ciência e tecnologia passaram a adotar a inovação como prioridade, formulando leis e programas mais favoráveis às ligações entre universidade e empresa. O estudo analisa o processo de institucionalização da apropriação comercial da ciência por meio das práticas científicas difundidas no contexto acadêmico brasileiro. Argumenta-se que apesar dos incentivos criados a partir das políticas científicas, os novos valores e as práticas orientadas para o mercado ainda não têm sido incorporadas sem resistência no campo científico. A pesquisa evidenciou que as políticas de inovação tiveram implicação direta no comportamento adotado pela universidade no que diz respeito aos mecanismos de interface com empresas e que a eficácia dessas políticas depende das orientações científicas dos atores sociais envolvidos nesse processo.
ASSIMETRIAS DA ANTROPOLOGIA SIMÉTRICA DE BRUNO LATOUR
Authors: Bachur João Paulo
Published: January 2017

Bruno Latour oferece uma das mais interessantes críticas à modernidade ocidental. Seu postulado básico é considerar equanimemente humanos e não humanos, tratando de maneira rigorosamente simétrica o social, a natureza e o discurso. O artigo avalia em que medida a simetria é preservada à luz de quatro pontos críticos: a rede de atores é na verdade uma ferramenta discursiva, na qual o peso de humanos e não humanos é atribuído pelo observador em sua narrativa; ao lidar com a relação entre signos e coisas, o conceito de black-boxing acaba por impor um viés tecnicista na compreensão do discurso; o pluralismo ontológico dos modos de existência não supera, em última instância, a pressuposição de uma teoria da diferenciação social latente, nos moldes clássicos da sociologia; e, por fim, enquanto a técnica, a ciência e o direito são desmistificados pela antropologia dos modernos, a política preserva um status idealizado, distante das práticas políticas reais e rotineiras.
PENAR EM SÃO PAULO: Sofrimento e mobilização na prisão contemporânea
Authors: Godoi Rafael
Published: January 2017

Neste artigo, com base em uma pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e etnográfica, exponho algumas das condições sociais que intensificam o sofrimento penitenciário no estado de São Paulo e apresento aspectos estruturantes do regime de processamento que organiza o andamento das penas nas penitenciárias paulistas. Sustento que a opacidade do sistema de justiça, a ilegibilidade dos encaminhamentos processuais e, principalmente, a indeterminação na qualidade e na duração das penas são elementos que concorrem para gerar uma experiência do tempo e da punição particular no interior das prisões de São Paulo, indexada, ademais, a toda uma dinâmica social que ultrapassa suas muralhas. Tais considerações visam a desdobrar a crítica da prisão contemporânea como mero dispositivo de contenção.