bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building Progressive Coalitions around Experience-Based Politics
Authors: Lindsay Keisha
Published: January 2019

This dialectic between experience and politics sheds important light on the possibility of building coalitions among disadvantaged groups. Such coalitions are possible when social groups use a normative-critical understanding of power to interrogate the assumptions and demands associated with their own and others’ experience-based claims. Doing this allows ABMS’ supporters to recognize that they, like their feminist critics, make emancipatory and oppressive experiential claims. They are consequently united by a conundrum - how to reap the benefits without succumbing to the limitations of their respective claims. The end of this chapter concretizes this vision of coalition building by detailing a specific circumstance - a roundtable on ABMS in which supporters and critics assess the risks and rewards of constructing black boys as intersectionally oppressed.
Transnational Lives
Authors: Alcalde M. Cristina
Published: January 2019

This chapter draws the reader into everyday transnational experiences and the role of exclusion in Peruvian racial-class-gender hierarchies. It introduces the main themes and concepts of the book, its methodological approaches, and research locations: Peru, the United States, Canada, and Germany. It also presents the main topical and theoretical concepts and trajectories within the book: home and belonging, exclusion, return, intersectionality, exclusionary cosmopolitanism, and transnational lives.
Breakin’ Up is Hard to do
Authors: Clark Walter Aaron
Published: January 2019

As Angel’s solo career gained momentum, he found it increasingly difficult to manage his commitments to the quartet, especially given his interests in conducting, acting, and film scoring. Pepe also had a flourishing solo career, but Columbia Management was able to avoid conflicts in his schedule, something Angel’s solo agency, International Creative Management, could not do. In addition, audiences and managers fostered a sort of competition between the two virtuosos, to see which could outperform the other. By 1990, the personal and professional conflicts in the quartet resulted in Angel striking out on his own; however, Celin’s son Celino took his place, thus saving the quartet.
Introduction
Authors: Blevins Brooks
Published: January 2019

This is the story of an American region. It is the story of a place long controlled by the Osages, claimed by the French, and for decades under the jurisdiction of the Spanish Crown. It was a place that became the first dumping ground for Native Americans who were pressured out of their ancestral homelands and pushed across the Mississippi River, a place traversed by thousands of Cherokees on the last leg of their Trail of Tears. It was a destination for Tennesseans, Kentuckians, Virginians, and Carolinians in ox carts and covered wagons. It was a launching point for forty-niners and cattle drives to the western coast. It was a place that hosted the early business ventures of the men who established the Rocky Mountain fur trade. It was the place where General Ulysses S. Grant received his first star. It was home to lead miners and iron mongers, to cowboys and slaves, to circuit riders and trappers, dirt farmers and counterfeiters. It was the last hunting ground of Daniel Boone. It was home to industrialist Moses Austin and his son, Stephen F., the “Father of Texas.” It was the birthplace and childhood home of African American scientist and inventor George Washington Carver. It was home to Hermann Jaeger, a Swiss immigrant credited with saving the European wine industry in the nineteenth century. It was the site of “Wild Bill” Hickok’s first shootout and Jesse James’s first train robbery. It was where a teenage Charlie Parker honed his licks on the alto sax. It is now the home of the world’s largest retail corporation, the nation’s leading meat-producing company, and one of the world’s finest collections of American art....
Engaged Opera
Authors: André Naomi
Published: January 2019

This chapter introduces two case studies of “Black Otellos” and situates the author’s voice in this project. This chapter outlines the historical background of race in the United States and South Africa around opera. The constructions of “downstaging black voices” and a “black shadow culture” in opera are introduced. Blackface, colorblind, and true-to-color casting decisions in opera are examined. The critical roles of Marian Anderson and Leontyne Price in shaping a black presence in opera are discussed. Three rubrics for listening and analyzing opera across the chapters are presented: Who is in the story? Who speaks? and Who is in the audience doing the interpreting?
Haunted Legacies
Authors: André Naomi
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the song cycle (also thought of as a monodrama or solo opera) by composer William Bolcom and playwright/librettist Sandra Seaton, From the Diary of Sally Hemings. The chapter includes a discussion of the DNA, kinship, and social controversies over the interracial pairing of Jefferson, a founder of the United States as a nation, and Hemings, his slave and consort. Through an analysis of the compositional genesis of the work, the text, and the music, this chapter also explores what is at stake for thinking about the breakdown of black-white racial categories. Extended references are made to Saartijie Baartman (the South African “Hottentot Venus”) and Edward Ball, the descendent of the Ball plantation who looked up interracial relationships with slaves in his family.
Human Destinies
Authors: Westfahl Gary
Published: January 2019

Unlike other science fiction writers, this chapter explains, Clarke rarely envisions humanity colonizing interstellar space and forging a galactic empire, anticipating limitations on human development. Though unconcerned about nuclear wars or alien invasions, Clarke regularly predicts humanity’s extinction, due to climate change or competing new species, or long periods of decadence. If humans avoid these fates, evolution may transform them into a new species, unlike present-day humans. Such scenarios unfold in Clarke’s major novels about humanity’s destiny: in Against the Fall of Night (1953), revised as The City and the Stars (1956), residents of an unchanging future city rediscover their ambitions but still face eventual demise; and in Childhood’s End (1953) humans guided by alien Overlords become a group intelligence to join a transcendent Overmind.
The Solitary Observer
Authors: Westfahl Gary
Published: January 2019

This chapter argues that typical Clarke protagonists are not bland, but merely solitary and reticent men who primarily function as observers of events, not participants, as seen in Prelude to Space (1951) and elsewhere. After early stories about completely isolated individuals, Clarke’s science fiction increasingly explores ways for these men to ameliorate their loneliness, such as important tasks, close male friendships, connections to larger communities, and families that are far away but remain in touch. Perhaps perceiving that Stanley Kubrick reshaped the film 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) to criticize his characters as unemotional and unfulfilled, Clarke produced stories in the 1970s emphasizing that his characters, in 2001 and other works, are actually emotionally complex and perfectly content with their solitude.
Douglass and Political Judgment
Authors: Turner Jack
Published: January 2019

This chapter analyzes Frederick Douglass’s post-Reconstruction thoughts, believing that they deserve greater emphasis and are interesting in how they sharply oppose the common strictly libertarian reading of his beliefs. Douglass’s thoughts model a form of political ideals that helps to identify forces of white supremacy that disguise themselves as fair or virtuous. Douglass examines political phenomena and Supreme Court cases in the aftermath of Reconstruction to determine whether the spirit of liberty or slavery animates them. The chapter discusses how Douglass was able to fight against disingenuous thoughts about the virtues of white supremacy—namely, the “Negro ignorance” argument. Using the backdrop of antirepublican politics, Douglass helps his audience see the corrupt nature of this argument and quells Northern whites who had been fooled by Southern hysterics about “Negro supremacy.” The chapter distinguishes itself in its elucidation of Douglass’s conception of political judgment and the implications of this view for interpreting contemporary Supreme Court decisions.
The De-moralization of the Cold War
Authors: Jurdem Laurence R.
Published: January 2019

As the American public became increasingly disenchanted over the nation’s ongoing presence in Southeast Asia, the Nixon administration initiated a diplomatic strategy toward the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China. Nixon, who early in his political career had been a passionate anticommunist, began to consider ways in which he might bring China into the international community. The president believed that this strategy had the potential to decrease the Cold War tensions that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union. The foreign policy strategy that Nixon and his national security adviser, Henry Kissinger, developed came to be known as détente. The initiatives that composed Nixon’s policy were based on Kissinger’s realist view of international affairs. That perspective embraced the idea of accepting the world as it was rather than trying to change it. By deemphasizing the importance of the conflict between international communism and democracy, pundits on the Right believed Nixon was not only withdrawing America from its global responsibilities, but in doing so was giving the communist world free reign to pursue a more aggressive foreign policy.
A Symbol of Appeasement
Authors: Jurdem Laurence R.
Published: January 2019

One of the major concerns of writers for the publications of conservative opinion was the growth of leftist ideology that permeated much of the newly independent Third World. Many of the activist leaders who led their nations’ independence movements in Asia, Africa, and Latin America during the decades following World War II viewed the Soviet Union as an ally that was philosophically opposed to European imperialism. It was within the General Assembly of the United Nations that these new states began to exert their influence. Since the founding of the institution in 1945, the United States had been able to exert a large amount of influence in the major decisions taken up by the UN. The independent nations that now occupied the diplomatic chamber were determined to redress the economic injustices they believed had been committed against them by the West. Commentators who contributed to these publications were frustrated by the inability of American policy makers to stand up to the rampant criticism of the United States and its democratic values and believed that this represented another example of the decline of US foreign policy.
A Loss of National Pride
Authors: Jurdem Laurence R.
Published: January 2019

In a similar manner to the United Nations, the Panama Canal was an image that represented a powerful reminder of America’s great historical legacy. However, a large number of Americans believed the international waterway symbolized much more. Those that supported the American Right saw President Jimmy Carter’s decision to return the canal in 1977 as another example of the decline of American power in the world. Conservatives were upset that the United States was acquiescing to the demands of another emerging Third World nation that, like those within the General Assembly, appeared unwilling to appreciate America’s past generosity. The loss of the canal also reverberated with the US defeat in Vietnam. In the wake of the loss of American military prestige, conservatives were irate that a significant reminder of the country’s industrial greatness was now on the verge of being given away.
The Pathology of Inaction
Authors: Jurdem Laurence R.
Published: January 2019

Throughout the 1970s, Human Events, National Review, and Commentary drew connections to argue that the nation’s dependence on foreign oil continued to grow because of numerous regulations imposed on energy producers by the Nixon, Ford, and Carter administrations. The three media outlets also concluded that America’s inability to respond to the economic aggression of OPEC represented another example of the weakness that had been at the heart of the American worldview for decades. Finally, the seizure of the US embassy in Iran in 1979 by Islamic fundamentalists led writers for these publications to contend that in order for the United States to regain national greatness it must free itself from limitations imposed on it by hostile forces at home and abroad. That goal of national revival was a key theme that Ronald Reagan and his supporters at Human Events, National Review, and Commentary capitalized on as the country moved into the presidential election of 1980.
A Friend in the White House
Authors: Jurdem Laurence R.
Published: January 2019

Over the course of the Reagan presidency, those who had written for National Review and Commentary shifted from their roles as policy analysts to putting their policy recommendations into practice as members of the foreign, domestic, and speechwriting staff in the Reagan administration. Figures like Jeane Kirkpatrick, Carl Gershman, Aram Bakshian, Anthony Dolan, and many others played a key role in the creation of one of the most ideological administrations in recent memory. While neither William F. Buckley Jr. nor Norman Podhoretz had active roles in the administration, their influence was nonetheless felt as those who had worked for them utilized their ideas and language in helping construct a consistent ideology that played a significant role in how rhetoric was designed and policy was implemented.
War and Remembrance
Authors: Conner Thomas H.
Published: January 2019

Every year, people from all over the world visit American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) sites, from Normandy, France, to Busan, South Korea, to Corozal, Panama. At rest in the twenty-six overseas cemeteries are almost 139,000 dead, and memorialized on “Walls of the Missing” are 60,314 fallen soldiers with no known graves. The ABMC administers, operates, and maintains twenty-six permanent American military cemeteries and twenty-seven federal memorials, monuments, and markers. These graves and memorials are among the most beautiful and meticulously maintained shrines in the world. This book is the first study of the ABMC, from its founding in 1923 to the present. It traces the agency’s history, from its early efforts under the leadership of John J. Pershing to establish permanent American burial grounds in Europe after WWI and through the World War II years, where ABMC personnel weathered the storm of another war whose combatants actually passed back and forth through many of the sites. After the war, top-ranking generals, including George Marshall, Jacob L. Devers, and Mark Clark expanded the scope of the commission. The relationship between the monuments and their local hosts constitutes one of the most compelling and least known aspects of the story. Conner’s work powerfully demonstrates that these monuments are living sites that embody the costs of war and aid in understanding the interconnections between memory and history.
The New Commission Goes to Work, 1923–1938
Authors: Conner Thomas H.
Published: January 2019

This chapter gives an overview of the ABMC’s first fifteen years as an official independent federal agency. Adding to the work of the Graves Registration Service and the National Commission of Fine Arts, it beautified the eight European cemeteries, added eleven monuments and two commemorative plaques, formulated polices to regulate against the proliferation of private and non-federal American war memorials in Europe, and built relationships with other federal agencies. As a new agency, the ABMC’s primary job was to begin notifying the public of its existence, and one way of accomplishing that was by securing a permanent office in Europe, which opened in 1924 in Paris. This new base in Europe allowed the ABMC to establish a firmer foothold across the Atlantic and a means to further monitor the work that was being accomplished there.
Building the World War II Memorials, 1945–1960
Authors: Conner Thomas H.
Published: January 2019

This chapter looks at the longer aftermath of WWII and traces the creation of the second generation of ABMC sites. Focusing on the process of securing grounds overseas, allowing family members to decide where their loved ones would be buried, and obtaining US government clearance on designs, the account is reminiscent of the start of the ABMC and its first project. By 1960, fourteen cemetery memorials had been dedicated. This chapter also highlights the leadership of the agency’s second chairman, General George C. Marshall, and his direction of the building of memorials in eight countries to remember the 400,000 Americans who had died and the 16 million who had served in WWII. Marshall’s high standing in the US government and in the public esteem, just as was true of Pershing, greatly helped the agency to fulfill its renewed mission. The special treatment shown the grave of General George S. Patton in the Luxembourg American Cemetery is also detailed.
Nonverbale Synchronie und Musik-Erleben im klassischen Konzert
Authors: Seibert Christoph , Greb Fabian , Tschacher Wolfgang
Published: January 2019

Die Praxis der Musikrezeption im Rahmen klassischer Konzerte ist von restriktiven Verhaltenskonventionen geprägt. Aktuelle kognitionswissenschaftliche und philosophische Ansätze, welche Musik-Erleben als verkörpert oder als über mehrere Individuen verteilt konzeptualisieren, scheinen daher für die Erklärung des Musik-Erlebens in klassischen Konzerten weniger geeignet. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersuchte die vorliegende explorative Studie das Auftreten koordinierter Körperbewegungen als nonverbale Synchronie im Rahmen eines klassischen Konzertes und den Zusammenhang zwischen den Synchronien innerhalb des Publikums und Aspekten des subjektiven Musik-Erlebens. Im Rahmen eines Forschungskonzerts wurden 22 Teilnehmern verschiedene Kammermusikwerke präsentiert, sowie dabei Selbstauskünfte zu Aspekten des Musik-Erlebens erhoben und Körperbewegungen mit drei stationären Kameras erfasst. Non-verbale Synchronie, als Indikator für koordinierte Körperbewegungen, wurde über die Korrelation von Bewegungsenergie-Zeitreihen ermittelt. Die Bewegungsenergie wurde als Anzahl der sich ändernden Pixel aufeinanderfolgender Frames operationalisiert. Es zeigte sich stark ausgeprägte Synchronie zwischen den Musikern sowie eine Synchronie kleiner bis mittlerer Effektstärke innerhalb des Publikums. Zwischen den Musikern und dem Publikum konnte hingegen keine Synchronie festgestellt werden. In Bezug auf das Verhältnis von Synchronie innerhalb des Publikums und dem subjektiven Musik-Erleben zeigten sich signifikante negative Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Gefühl der Verbundenheit mit den Musikern, dem Grad der Absorption und der Synchronisierung innerhalb des Publikums. Dies lässt sich dahingehend interpretieren, dass bei einem stärkeren Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit und des Erlebens auf das Bühnengeschehen die Synchronisierung mit den anderen Mitgliedern des Publikums abnimmt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie stehen im Einklang mit Theorien zum verkörperten Musik-Erleben, sie stützen jedoch Ansätze nicht, die darunter die Nachahmung der klangproduzierenden Bewegungen der Musiker verstehen. Ebenso stehen die Befunde nicht in Einklang mit Ansätzen zum verteilten Musik-Erleben. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse hinsichtlich ihrer musikpraktischen Relevanz bezüglich einer Diversifizierung klassischer Konzerte diskutiert.
Predoperacijsko zdravljenje miomov z ulipristal acetatom
Authors: Vogler Andrej , Rajić Mišo
Published: January 2019

Izhodišče: Miomi so najpogostejši benigni tumorji maternice. Približno petina do polovica žensk z miomi ima simptome oz. pri njih miomi hitro rastejo. Najpogosteje gre za podaljšane in/ali močne menstruacijske krvavitve, ki povzroče anemijo, dismenorejo, bolečine zaradi pritiska na sosednje organe, redkeje pa neplodnost in motnje pri odvajanju urina in blata. Zdravljenje miomov je potrebno pri bolnicah s simptomi in v primeru, ko gre za hitro rastoče miome. Selektivni modulatorji progesteronskih receptorjev (SMPR) so novejša zdravila za predoperacijsko zdravljenje miomov, ki le-te učinkovito zmanjšajo, povzročijo amenorejo ali zmanjšanje krvavitev, s tem pa izboljšajo krvno sliko. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti vpliv predoperacijskega zdravljenja s SMPR ulipristal acetatom (UPA) na velikost miomov in krvno sliko.

Metode: Petdesetim (50) bolnicam s simptomatskimi miomi smo pred načrtovanim kirurškim posegom predpisali SMPR UPA 5 mg za dvanajst tednov. Pred in po končanem zdravljenju smo izmerili velikost miomov, ocenili količino krvavitve iz maternice in preverili krvno sliko.

Rezultati: Po končanem zdravljenju z UPA se je povprečna prostornina največjega mioma zmanjšala za 33,3 %, skupna povprečna prostornina do 3 največjih miomov pa za 32,3 %. Zmanjšanje prostornine je bilo v obeh primerih statistično značilno. Amenoroičnih je bilo 41 (82,0 %) bolnic, pri 9 (18,0 %) pa so se menstruacijske krvavitve znatno zmanjšale. Pri vseh bolnicah smo opazili porast koncentracije hemoglobina.

Zaključek: 12-tedensko predoperacijsko zdravljenje z UPA učinkovito zmanjša velikost miomov in s tem olajša oziroma omogoči najsodobnejše laparoskopsko kirurško zdravljenje. Ker povzroči amenorejo oziroma zmanjša količino menstruacijske krvavitve, se izboljša tudi krvna slika, kar je pomembno za okrevanje po operaciji.
Kardionevroablacija pri zdravljenju refleksne nevrokardiogene sinkope - Prikaz primera
Authors: Novak Petra , Antolič Bor , Wichterle Dan , Šinkovec Matjaž
Published: January 2019

Izvleček

Refleksna nevrokardiogena sinkopa je ena izmed najbolj pogostih oblik izgube zavesti, pri kateri prekomeren odziv parasimpatičnega živčnega sistema vodi do padca krvnega pritiska preko vazodilatacije in/ali znižanja srčnega utripa. Gre za sinkopo, ki praviloma ni povezana z organsko boleznijo, zato je njena prognoza dobra in umrljivost ni povečana, lahko pa vpliva na kvaliteto življenja. Z novo metodo zdravljenja - kardionevroablacijo - želimo doseči izboljšanje kvalitete življenja pri pacientih s pogostimi epizodami refleksne nevrokardiogene sinkope s prevladujočo kardioinhibitorno komponento, pri katerih nefarmakološki in farmakološki načini zdravljenja niso učinkoviti, vstavitev srčnega spodbujevalnika pa zaradi mladosti odsvetovana. Gre za perkutani elektrofiziološki poseg, kjer z radiofrekvenčno ablacijo z endokardialne strani uničimo specifične parasimpatične ganglije epikardialno na srcu. Na ta način dosežemo delno parasimpatično denervacijo srca in s tem zmanjšamo ali odpravimo prekomeren vpliv parasimpatičnega živčevja na srce in posledično tudi kardioinhibitorno komponentno refleksne nevrokardiogene sinkope.
Transcribing silent actions: a multimodal approach of sequence organization - Lorenza Mondada
Authors: Mondada Lorenza
Published: January 2019

Transcribing silent actions: a multimodal approach of sequence organization - Lorenza Mondada
The politics of health promotion
Authors: Triantafillou Peter , Vucina Naja
Published: January 2019

This book examines the politics of health promotion in Denmark and England. Based on two areas of health interventions, namely obesity control and mental recovery, the book analyses how public health policies have shifted since the 1980s from a dual strategy of prevention – by modifying the physical environment – and curation to a strategy of health promotion. This involves a new kind of power exercised over and through the subjectivity not only of the ill and sick, but, in principle, all citizens. Thus, the aim of health promotion is not only to prevent or cure illness, but to improve health, a political ambition that has no immanent limits. While health promotion is endorsing a soft mode of power that works through the subjectivity and freedom of those over whom it is exercised, its drive to indefinitely improve the health of each and all calls for concern. Inspired by Michel Foucault, the book employs the conceptual terms constructivist neoliberalism and optimistic vitalism to grasp this phenomenon. Whereas the former denotes a general mode of power working through the mobilization of the self-steering capacities of individuals and groups, the latter term points to the specific mode of biopower by which public authorities constantly seek to augment the health and productive capacities of its citizens.
The gestures of participatory art
Authors: Bala Sruti
Published: January 2019

The gestures of participatory art offers a critical investigation of key debates in relation to participatory art, spanning the domains of applied and community theatre, immersive performance as well as the visual arts. Rather than seeking a genre-based definition, it asks how artists, audiences and art practices approach the subject of participation beyond the predetermined options allocated to them. In doing so, it inquires into the ways that artworks participate in civic life. Participation is the utopian sweet dream that has turned into a nightmare in contemporary neoliberal societies. Yet can the participatory ideal be discarded or merely replaced with another term, just because it has become disemboweled into a tool of pacification? The gestures of participatory art insists that the concept of participation must be re-imagined and shifted onto other registers. It proposes the concept of the gesture as a rewarding way of theorizing participatory art. The gesture is simultaneously an expression of an inner attitude as well as a social habitude; it is situated in between image, speech and action. The study reads the gestural as a way to link discussions on participatory art to broader issues of citizenship and collective action. Moving from reflections on institutional critique and impact to concrete analyses of moments of unsolicited, delicate participation or refusal, the book examines a range of practices from India, Sudan, Guatemala and El Salvador, the Lebanon, the Netherlands and Germany. It engages with the critiques of participation and pleads for a critical reclaiming of participatory practices.
The British tradition of minority government
Authors: Peacock Timothy Noël
Published: January 2019

Conservative plans for a coalition government, a snap General Election, Prime Ministers considering whether to resign after an electoral or referendum defeat, and the contemplation of both Labour and Conservative deals with the Liberals, SNP and Northern Ireland Unionist parties, are all aspects readily identifiable in British politics since 2010, and once again following the hung parliament in June 2017. However, secret plans for all these different scenarios were drawn up by British political leaders and advisers in the 1970s. These documents challenge the mythology that dominates historical accounts, documentary films, and television news programmes, in particular, the contention that the minority governments of this era were weak, unthinking aberrations, alien to Britain’s otherwise strong majoritarian political traditions. Using declassified internal party files, this book provides new perspectives of the strategic response to minority government during the Wilson and Callaghan Administrations of the 1970s, reveals a previously unrecognized distinct British tradition of minority government that goes beyond established international minority government theory and practice, and shows how these antecedents might apply to minority government at Westminster in 2017. Employing a new model which includes historical-political interparty comparison, this work examines how both Labour Governments and Conservative Oppositions confronted challenges ranging from legislative management and electoral timing to planning for future minority or coalition governments. This study will be invaluable to all interested in minority government and British political history, from policymakers, students, and journalists to the general public.
The new treason of the intellectuals
Authors: Docherty Thomas
Published: January 2019

This book addresses the condition of the university today. There has been a fundamental betrayal of the institution by the political class, perverting it from its proper social and cultural functions. The betrayal has narrowed the scope of the university, through the commercial financialisation of knowledge as such. In short, the sector has been politicized, and now works explicitly to advance and serve a market-fundamentalist ideology. When all human values are measured by money, then wealth is mistaken for ‘the good’. Social, cultural and political corruption follow. 
The University’s leadership has become complicit in a yet more fundamental betrayal of society, as an ever-widening wedge is driven between the lives of ordinary citizens and the self-interest of the privileged and wealthy. It is no wonder that ‘experts’ are in the dock today. 
In 1927, the philosopher Julien Benda accused intellectuals of treason. His argument was that their thinking had been politicized, polluted by a nationalism that could only culminate in war. In 1939, Nazism explicitly corrupted the University and the intellectuals, demanding ideological allegiance instead of thought. We continue to live through the aftermath of this, only worse: by endorsing an entire ideology of ‘competition’, intellectuals have established a neo-Hobbesian war of all against all as the new cornerstone of societies. This now threatens human ecological survival. 
In light of this, the intellectual and the University have a duty to extend democracy and social justice. This book calls upon the intellectual to assist in the survival of the species.
Roles of pyroptosis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury diseases
Authors: Shi Shupeng , Zhang Haoran , Gao Wenzhe , Nasser Moussa Ide , Shen Jie , Yang Minghua , Guo Feng , Xu Linyong , Zhao Mingyi
Published: January 2019

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) occurred when an organ lost its blood supply in a short time, and then the perfusion was restored automatically or iatrogenically, leading to a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mitochondria. It is common in the clinic, and lead to deterioration, even death, so an exploratory examination of the mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury is of great significance. Among the most common and fatal types of IR in myocardial tissue, myocardial IRI is one of the most fatal diseases in the modern world. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of IRI mainly include calcium overload, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, energy metabolic disorders, neutrophil infiltration, cardiomyocyte autophagy, and apoptosis, etc. The main pathogenesis of IRI is programmed cell death, of which apoptosis is the most deeply studied processes. However, pyroptosis is a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death (PCD), which depends on the activation of the caspase cascade and inflammatory mediators, which have been thought to be involved in the processes of IRI. Ptosis has been referred to as a pattern. PCD with apoptosis characteristics Necrosis. It’s stimulated by molecular signaling pathways similar to apoptosis, mainly including Caspase. The research progress in recent years is presented in this review. Among them, myocardial tissue and so on provide a theoretical basis for the burning organ system in I/R injury and provide theoretical practice for the clinical research of reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Different genetic mechanisms mediate spontaneous versus UVR-induced malignant melanoma
Authors: Ferguson Blake , Handoko Herlina Y , Mukhopadhyay Pamela , Chitsazan Arash , Balmer Lois , Morahan Grant , Walker Graeme J
Published: January 2019

Genetic variation conferring resistance and susceptibility to carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis is frequently studied in mice. We have now turned this idea to melanoma using the collaborative cross (CC), a resource of mouse strains designed to discover genes for complex diseases. We studied melanoma-prone transgenic progeny across seventy CC genetic backgrounds. We mapped a strong quantitative trait locus for rapid onset spontaneous melanoma onset to Prkdc, a gene involved in detection and repair of DNA damage. In contrast, rapid onset UVR-induced melanoma was linked to the ribosomal subunit gene Rrp15. Ribosome biogenesis was upregulated in skin shortly after UVR exposure. Mechanistically, variation in the ‘usual suspects’ by which UVR may exacerbate melanoma, defective DNA repair, melanocyte proliferation, or inflammatory cell infiltration, did not explain melanoma susceptibility or resistance across the CC. Instead, events occurring soon after exposure, such as dysregulation of ribosome function, which alters many aspects of cellular metabolism, may be important.
A scalable discrete-time survival model for neural networks
Authors: Gensheimer Michael F. , Narasimhan Balasubramanian
Published: January 2019

There is currently great interest in applying neural networks to prediction tasks in medicine. It is important for predictive models to be able to use survival data, where each patient has a known follow-up time and event/censoring indicator. This avoids information loss when training the model and enables generation of predicted survival curves. In this paper, we describe a discrete-time survival model that is designed to be used with neural networks, which we refer to as Nnet-survival. The model is trained with the maximum likelihood method using mini-batch stochastic gradient descent (SGD). The use of SGD enables rapid convergence and application to large datasets that do not fit in memory. The model is flexible, so that the baseline hazard rate and the effect of the input data on hazard probability can vary with follow-up time. It has been implemented in the Keras deep learning framework, and source code for the model and several examples is available online. We demonstrate the performance of the model on both simulated and real data and compare it to existing models Cox-nnet and Deepsurv.
Nonconventional opponents: a review of malaria and leishmaniasis among United States Armed Forces
Authors: Beiter Kaylin J. , Wentlent Zachariah J. , Hamouda Adrian R. , Thomas Bolaji N.
Published: January 2019

As the United States military engage with different countries and cultures throughout the world, personnel become exposed to new biospheres as well. There are many infectious pathogens that are not endemic to the US, but two of particular importance arePlasmodiumandLeishmania, which respectively cause malaria and leishmaniasis. These parasites are both known to cause significant disease burden in their endemic locales, and thus pose a threat to military travelers. This review introduces readers to basic life cycle and disease mechanisms for each. Local and military epidemiology are described, as are the specific actions taken by the US military for prevention and treatment purposes. Complications of such measures with regard to human health are also discussed, including possible chemical toxicities. Additionally, poor recognition of these diseases upon an individual’s return leading to complications and treatment delays in the United States are examined. Information about canine leishmaniasis, poorly studied relative to its human manifestation, but of importance due to the utilization of dogs in military endeavors is presented. Future implications for the American healthcare system regarding malaria and leishmaniasis are also presented.
Sleeping mattress determinants and evaluation: a biomechanical review and critique
Authors: Wong Duo Wai-Chi , Wang Yan , Lin Jin , Tan Qitao , Chen Tony Lin-Wei , Zhang Ming
Published: January 2019

Background

Sleeping mattress parameters significantly influence sleeping comfort and health, as reflected by the extensive investigations of sleeping support biomechanics to prevent sleep-related musculoskeletal problems.

Methodology

Herein, we review the current trends, research methodologies, and determinants of mattress biomechanics research, summarizing evidence published since 2008. In particular, we scrutinize 18 articles dealing with the development of new designs, recommendation criteria, instruments/methods of spine alignment evaluation, and comparative evaluation of different designs.

Results

The review demonstrated that mattress designs have strived for customization, regional features, and real-time active control to adapt to the biomechanical features of different body builds and postures. However, the suggested threshold or target values for desirable spine alignment and body pressure distribution during sleep cannot yet be justified in view of the lack of sufficient evidence.

Conclusions

It is necessary to formulate standard objectives and protocols for carrying out mattress evaluation.
Thin‐Film‐Based Integrated High‐Transition‐Temperature Superconductor Devices
Authors: Balasubramanian Krishna , Xing Xinxi , Strugo Nir , Hayat Alex
Published: January 2019

Since the discovery of superconductivity at temperatures above the technologically promising liquid nitrogen temperatures, applications based on superconductors have expanded and are being put to commercial use. However, superconductivity at higher temperatures typically occurs in complex materials requiring stringent material and environmental constraints. Such restraints make the realization and integration of these materials with normal materials a nontrivial aspect. In this progress report, unique features of these superconductors in terms of their synthesis, physical properties determining interface electrical transport, and their applications are discussed. A detailed progress report on these applications with remarks on efforts taken to integrate these devices with traditional platforms and semiconducting materials is provided.
Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells via Modification of Energy Levels at the Perovskite/Carbon Electrode Interface
Authors: Wu Zhifang , Liu Zonghao , Hu Zhanhao , Hawash Zafer , Qiu Longbin , Jiang Yan , Ono Luis K. , Qi Yabing
Published: January 2019

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted great attention in the past few years due to their rapid increase in efficiency and low‐cost fabrication. However, instability against thermal stress and humidity is a big issue hindering their commercialization and practical applications. Here, by combining thermally stable formamidinium–cesium‐based perovskite and a moisture‐resistant carbon electrode, successful fabrication of stable PSCs is reported, which maintain on average 77% of the initial value after being aged for 192 h under conditions of 85 °C and 85% relative humidity (the “double 85” aging condition) without encapsulation. However, the mismatch of energy levels at the interface between the perovskite and the carbon electrode limits charge collection and leads to poor device performance. To address this issue, a thin‐layer of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is introduced to achieve improved interfacial energy level alignment, which is verified by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy measurements. Indeed as a result, power conversion efficiency increases from 12.2% to 14.9% after suitable energy level modification by intentionally introducing a thin layer of PEO at the perovskite/carbon interface.
Engineering NiO/NiFe LDH Intersection to Bypass Scaling Relationship for Oxygen Evolution Reaction via Dynamic Tridimensional Adsorption of Intermediates
Authors: Gao Zhi‐Wen , Liu Jie‐Yu , Chen Xue‐Min , Zheng Xue‐Li , Mao Jing , Liu Hui , Ma Tian , Li Lan , Wang Wei‐Chao , Du Xi‐Wen
Published: January 2019

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a pivotal reaction in many technologies for renewable energy, such as water splitting, metal–air batteries, and regenerative fuel cells. However, this reaction is known to be kinetically sluggish and proceeds at rather high overpotential due to the universal scaling relationship, namely, the adsorption energies of intermediates are linearly correlated and cannot be optimized simultaneously. Several approaches have been proposed to break the scaling relationship by introducing additional active sites; however, positive experimental results are still absent. Herein, a different solution is suggested on the basis of dynamic tridimensional adsorption of the OER intermediates at NiO/NiFe layered double hydroxide intersection, by which the adsorption energy of each intermediate can be adjusted independently, so as to bypass the scaling relationship and achieve high catalytic performance. Experimentally, the OER overpotential is reduced to ≈205 mV at current density of 30 mA cm−2, which represents the best performance achieved by state‐of‐the‐art OER catalysts.
Recent Advances in Molecular Spintronics: Multifunctional Spintronic Devices
Authors: Guo Lidan , Gu Xianrong , Zhu Xiangwei , Sun Xiangnan
Published: January 2019

The field of spintronics has triggered an enormous revolution in information storage since the first observation of giant magnetoresistance (GMR). Molecular semiconductors are characterized by having very long spin relaxation times up to milliseconds, and are thus widely considered to hold immense potential for spintronic applications. Along with the development of molecular spintronics, it is clear that the study of multipurpose spintronic devices has gradually grown into a new research and development direction. The abundant photoelectric properties of molecular semiconductors and the intriguing functionality of the spinterface, together with novel designs of device structures, have promoted the integration of multiple functions and different mechanisms into discrete spintronic devices. Here, according to the different relationships between the integrated mechanisms, multifunctional molecular spintronic devices containing parallel and interactive types are highlighted. This is followed by the introduction of pure‐spin‐current‐type molecular spintronic devices that have already demonstrated great potential for multifunction exploration. Finally, the challenges and outlook that make this field young and energetic are outlined.
Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Ni–Ti Archwires with Resistance to Bacterial Adhesion and Nickel Ion Release
Authors: Liu Ruoxi , Liu Xi , Zhou Jie , Nie Qiong , Meng Jingxin , Lin Jiuxiang , Wang Shutao
Published: January 2019

Although orthodontic archwires are made from biomedical materials with vast potential for applications worldwide, great challenges, including the adhesion of cariogenic bacteria, the release of nickel ions, and the weakness of mechanical strength, remain and affect their biocompatibility and service life. Herein, a bioinspired superhydrophobic nickel–titanium alloy archwire is reported that displays multifunctional properties of antibacteria adhesion, antinickel release, and corrosion resistance. Compared with commercially purchased archwires, these performances on superhydrophobic archwires can be significantly elevated by varying the contact mode between archwires and the bacterial suspension from surface contact to point contact. Thus, this bioinspired superhydrophobic design has the potential to be applied in other dental devices and provides new ideas for developing novel multifunctional biomaterials.
Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications
Authors: Huang Qijin , Zhu Yong
Published: January 2019

Printed electronics is attracting a great deal of attention in both research and commercialization as it enables fabrication of large‐scale, low‐cost electronic devices on a variety of substrates. Printed electronics plays a critical role in facilitating widespread flexible electronics and more recently stretchable electronics. Conductive nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles and nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, are promising building blocks for printed electronics. Nanomaterial‐based printing technologies, formulation of printable inks, post‐printing treatment, and integration of functional devices have progressed substantially in the recent years. This review summarizes basic principles and recent development of common printing technologies, formulations of printable inks based on conductive nanomaterials, deposition of conductive inks via different printing techniques, and performance enhancement by using various sintering methods. While this review places emphasis on conductive nanomaterials, the printing techniques and ink formulations can be applied to other materials such as semiconducting and insulating nanomaterials. Moreover, some applications of printed flexible and stretchable electronic devices are reviewed to illustrate their potential. Finally, the future challenges and prospects for printing conductive nanomaterials are discussed.
Efficient Near Infrared Modulation with High Visible Transparency Using SnO2–WO3 Nanostructure for Advanced Smart Windows
Authors: Nguyen Tam Duy , Yeo Loo Pin , Kei Tan Chiew , Mandler Daniel , Magdassi Shlomo , Tok Alfred Iing Yoong
Published: January 2019

Renewable energy technology and effective energy management are the most crucial factors to consider in the progress toward worldwide energy sustainability. Smart window technology has a huge potential in energy management as it assists in reducing energy consumption of indoor lighting and air‐conditioning in buildings. Electrochromic (EC) materials, which can electrically modulate the transmittance of solar radiation, are one of the most studied smart window materials. In this work, highly transparent SnO2 inverse opal (IO) is used as the framework to electrochemically deposit amorphous WO3 layer to fabricate hybrid SnO2–WO3 core–shell IO structure. The hybrid structure is capable of effective near infrared (NIR) modulation while maintaining high visible light transparency in the colored and bleached states. By varying the initial diameter of the polystyrene (PS) opal template and the WO3 electrodeposition time, optimal results can be obtained with the smallest PS diameter of 392 nm and 180 s WO3 electrodeposition. In its colored state, the 392‐SnO2–WO3‐180 core–shell IO structure shows ≈70% visible light transparency, 62% NIR blockage at 1200 nm, and ≈15% drop in NIR blocking stability after 300 cycles. The SnO2–WO3 core–shell IO structure in this study is a promising EC material for advanced smart window technology.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroarylation of Chromene Derivatives with Aromatic Ketones: Enantioselective Synthesis of 2‐Arylchromanes
Authors: Sakamoto Kana , Nishimura Takahiro
Published: January 2019

Catalytic asymmetric hydroarylation of 2H‐chromenes with aromatic ketones was realized by use of a cationic iridium/chiral phosphine complex. The reaction proceeded via olefin isomerization, followed by enantioselective hydroarylation, thus giving 2‐arylchromanes in high yields with high enantioselectivity.

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Metallization of 3D Printed Polymers and Their Application as a Fully Functional Water‐Splitting System
Authors: Su Xinran , Li Xinwei , Ong Chun Yee Aaron , Herng Tun Seng , Wang Yanqing , Peng Erwin , Ding Jun
Published: January 2019

In this work, the plating of high‐quality amorphous nickel–phosphorous coating with low resistivity of 0.45 µΩ m (298 K) on complex 3D printed polymeric structures with high uniformity is reported. Such a polymer metallization results in an effective conductivity of 4.7 × 104 S m−1. This process also allows flexible structures to maintain their flexibility along with the conductivity. Octet‐truss structures with nickel–iron‐(oxo) hydroxide nanosheets electrodeposited onto further displays excellent water‐splitting performance as catalytic electrodes, i.e., in KOH (1 m, aq), a low oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotential of 197 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 51 mV dec−1. Using this light‐weight electrode with high specific area, strength, and corrosion resistance properties, a fully functional water‐splitting system is designed and fabricated through the concentric integration of 3D printed components. A dense polymeric mesh implemented is also demonstrated as an effective separator of hydrogen and oxygen bubbles in this system.