bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite obtained by designed organosiloxane: synthesis, characterization, and catalytic applications
Authors: Liu Changshuai , Zhang Rong , Pei Rujing , Zhang Chao , Li Fuxiang
Published: March 2022

A new strategy was implemented to synthesize hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite, which uses self-made organosilanized double-terminal amino polyetheramine (ODAP) as a soft template to generate mesopores. The influence of the additional amount of ODAP on the textural properties and morphologies of the hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite was investigated. The obtained hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 physical adsorption, SEM, temperature-programmed desorption of NH3, and other methods. The analysis of the experimental results shows that the maximum total BET specific surface area and mesoporous specific surface area of the optimized hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite reached 609 and 278 m2/g, respectively. Because the synthesized hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite has a large mesoporous specific surface area and abundant surface acidity, in terms of reactant conversion and product selectivity, compared with microporous zeolite, it exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the thiophene alkylation desulfurization reaction. This synthesis strategy can be extended to the preparation of zeolites with different framework structures, which is of great significance.
The age and origin of the South Mountain Batholith (Nova Scotia, Canada) as constrained by zircon U–Pb geochronology, geochemistry, and O–Hf isotopes
Authors: Bickerton Luke , Kontak Daniel J. , Murphy J. Brendan , Kellett Dawn A. , Samson Iain M. , Marsh Jeffrey H. , Dunning Greg , Stern Richard
Published: March 2022

The South Mountain Batholith (SMB; Nova Scotia, Canada) is the largest composite batholith exposed in the Appalachians and lies entirely within the most outboard Meguma terrane. In situ and CA–TIMS U–Pb dating and in situ isotopes (Lu–Hf, O) and geochemistry for zircon from all phases of the SMB constrain its source as well as its evolution. CA–ID–TIMS for zircon yields emplacement (autocryst) ages, indicating a transition from granodiorite (378.7 ± 1.2 to 375.4 ± 0.8 Ma) to leucogranite (375.4 to 371.8 ± 0.8 Ma) over several million years. Furthermore, in situ SHRIMP, LA–MC–ICP–MS, and SIMS analyses of distinct zircon domains reveal: (1) abundant ancient xenocrysts (∼420 Ma to 2.2 Ga); (2) antecryst ages ca. 3–15 million years older than SMB emplacement; (3) autocryst δ18O values between +7.3‰ and +9.1‰ (V-SMOW); (4) similar isotopes, REE signatures, and derived fO2 values among antecrysts and autocrysts; and (5) εHf values from the 371.8 ± 0.8 Ma Davis Lake Pluton (DLP) autocrysts that are higher (+1.74 to +4.38) than the rest of the SMB (−2.99 to +1.68). Collectively, these data suggest a protracted magmatic evolution for the SMB with melt generation and assembly from ∼390 to 370 Ma via melting of a metasomatized mantle source followed by contamination, first from the structurally underlying Avalonian terrane and later by metasedimentary wall rocks of the Meguma terrane. The most southwesterly part of the SMB (i.e., DLP) represents a petrogenetically distinct magmatic phase that underwent less overall contamination than the rest of the SMB.
Examining public-facing statements on airport websites related to aerial drones
Authors: Abdul Razak Armar Syahid bin , Henderson Isaac Levi
Published: March 2022

This study examines the public-facing statements that can be found on airport websites related to aerial drones. Data were extracted via manual web scraping from 288 different airports’ official websites across 69 different countries. To be selected, airports had to be one of the 100 busiest airports in terms of passenger numbers in 2017, and (or) be one of the IATA slot coordinated and facilitated airports as of 10 November 2020. Manual web scraping was completed by using Google site searches for the keywords “unmanned”, “drone”, and “remotely piloted”. Phrases, sentences, and paragraphs containing these keywords were collated for each airport and then thematic analysis was undertaken to identify themes within the data. Surprisingly, this study finds that 143 (49.65%) of the airports have no mention of the keywords on their websites. For those that did have statements, thematic analysis revealed 20 themes, of which the largest three were regulation, ensuring compliance, and enforcement (38.54%, 29.17%, and 25.35% of airports, respectively). There were significant differences in the number of statements overall and within specific themes based upon airport location; however, there were no statistically significant differences based upon how many passengers the airport handles.
Possible observation of ppπ+ resonance state in 12C12C collisions at 3.37 A GeV
Authors: Olimov Alisher K. , Olimov Kosim , Olimov Khusniddin K. , Yuldashev Bekhzod S.
Published: March 2022

Experimental results on the search and investigation of the possible pp[Formula: see text] resonance states in inelastic [Formula: see text]C[Formula: see text]C collisions at 3.37 [Formula: see text] GeV are presented. The statistically significant peak structure with mass [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MeV and Breit–Wigner width [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MeV has been observed for the first time in the spectrum of invariant masses of pp[Formula: see text] system in [Formula: see text]C[Formula: see text]C collisions at 3.37 [Formula: see text] GeV. The inclusive cross-section of the formation of this possible eight quark pp[Formula: see text] resonance state has been estimated to be [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mb. The significant maximum structure with the center estimated at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MeV, and having a narrow width ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MeV), has been observed in the spectrum of the invariant masses of two protons in [Formula: see text]C[Formula: see text]C collisions at 3.37 [Formula: see text] GeV when the value of the invariant mass [Formula: see text] of the pp[Formula: see text] system falls inside the region of the observed pp[Formula: see text] resonance structure: [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MeV.
K-cosymplectic metric as an η-Ricci soliton
Authors: Wang Wenjie
Published: March 2022

Let M be an almost cosymplectic manifold such that the Reeb vector field is Killing. In this paper, it is proved that if the metric of M satisfying the [Formula: see text]-Einstein condition is an [Formula: see text]-Ricci soliton, then either M is Ricci flat or the potential vector field is an infinitesimal contact transformation. Also, a concrete example of cosymplectic [Formula: see text]-manifold admitting non-trivial Ricci and [Formula: see text]-Ricci solitons is constructed.
Divergent coindex sequence for dynamical systems
Authors: Shi Ruxi , Tsukamoto Masaki
Published: March 2022

When a finite group freely acts on a topological space, we can define its index and coindex. They roughly measure the size of the given action. We explore the interaction between this index theory and topological dynamics. Given a fixed-point free dynamical system, the set of [Formula: see text]-periodic points admits a natural free action of [Formula: see text] for each prime number [Formula: see text]. We are interested in the growth of its index and coindex as [Formula: see text]. Our main result shows that there exists a fixed-point free dynamical system having the divergent coindex sequence. This solves a problem posed by M. Tsukamoto, M. Tsutaya and M. Yoshinaga, [Formula: see text]-index, topological dynamics and marker property, preprint (2020), arXiv:2012.15372.
The second-minimum and second-maximum values of exponential Zagreb indices among trees
Authors: Yang Lu , Zhu Yan
Published: March 2022

Exponential of the first Zagreb index and the second Zagreb index of a graph [Formula: see text] are defined as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] denotes the set of edges and [Formula: see text] denotes the degree of a vertex [Formula: see text]. The extremal trees of these two indices among trees have been determined in previous studies. In this paper, we give the second-minimum and the second-maximum values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] among trees.
Weathering processes and forms
Authors: Trudgill Stephen T. , Goudie Andrew S. , Viles Heather A.
Published: March 2022

This chapter considers the various processes of rock weathering, starting with physical weathering processes (frost, wetting and drying, heating and cooling or insolation weathering, and salt weathering (haloclasty)). It then turns to a consideration of chemical weathering processes and to the remarkable increase of interest in biological (organic) processes. This is followed by a discussion of rates of weathering and the techniques that have been developed to study them, including the analysis of sediment loads and the measurement of surface changes with instruments like the micro-erosion meter. The global carbon cycle and the links between geomorphology and soils are also considered. Progress in the study of weathering forms such as alveoli, pits and tafoni is described. There is also a discussion of materials deposited as a consequence of chemical weathering, such as various types of duricrust. Finally, weathering hazards are addressed together with an assessment of the ways in which humans have accelerated some weathering processes.
Synthesis of Clock Networks with a Mode-Reconfigurable Topology
Authors: Uysal Necati , Ewetz Rickard
Published: March 2022

Modern digital circuits are often required to operate in multiple modes to cater to variable frequency and power requirements. Consequently, the clock networks for such circuits must be synthesized, meeting different timing constraints in different operational modes. The overall power consumption and robustness to variations of a clock network are determined by the topology. However, state-of-the-art clock networks use the same topology in every mode, despite that timing constraints in low- and high-performance modes can be very different. In this article, we propose a clock network with a
mode-reconfigurable topology (MRT)
for circuits with positive-edge-triggered sequential elements. In high-performance modes, the MRT structure is reconfigured into a near-tree to provide the required robustness to variations. In low-performance modes, the MRT structure is reconfigured into a tree to save power. Non-tree (or near-tree) structures provide robustness to variations by appropriately constructing multiple alternative paths from the clock source to the clock sinks, which neutralizes the negative impact of variations. In MRT structures, OR-gates are used to join multiple alternative paths into a single path. Hence, the MRT structures consume no short-circuit power because there is only one gate driving each net. Moreover, it is straightforward to reconfigure an MRT structure into a tree topology using a single clock gate. In high-performance modes, the experimental results demonstrate that MRT structures have

\( 25\% \)

lower power consumption than state-of-the-art near-tree structures. In low-performance modes, the power consumption of the MRT structure is similar to the power consumption of a clock tree.
Fault Localization Scheme for Missing Gate Faults in Reversible Circuits
Authors: Handique Mousum , Deka Jantindra Kumar , Biswas Santosh
Published: March 2022

This article introduces a fault localization method to extract the exact location of single and multiple missing gate faults in reversible

\( k \)

-CNOT -based circuits. The primary target of the proposed method is to obtain the complete test set for localizing faults in

\( k \)

-CNOT circuits. We propose a fault localization algorithm to construct a fault localization tree that can be used to find equivalent and non-equivalent faults. For the non-equivalent faults, the test sequences can be obtained from the fault localization tree that uniquely localizes the non-equivalent faults. Finally, this article presents the experimental results and comparative analysis with existing works.
Perceptual Error Optimization for Monte Carlo Rendering
Authors: Chizhov Vassillen , Georgiev Iliyan , Myszkowski Karol , Singh Gurprit
Published: March 2022

Synthesizing realistic images involves computing high-dimensional light-transport integrals. In practice, these integrals are numerically estimated via Monte Carlo integration. The error of this estimation manifests itself as conspicuous aliasing or noise. To ameliorate such artifacts and improve image fidelity, we propose a perception-oriented framework to optimize the error of Monte Carlo rendering. We leverage models based on human perception from the halftoning literature. The result is an optimization problem whose solution distributes the error as visually pleasing blue noise in image space. To find solutions, we present a set of algorithms that provide varying trade-offs between quality and speed, showing substantial improvements over prior state of the art. We perform evaluations using quantitative and error metrics and provide extensive supplemental material to demonstrate the perceptual improvements achieved by our methods.
Two-In-One: A Design Space for Mapping Unimanual Input into Bimanual Interactions in VR for Users with Limited Movement
Authors: Yamagami Momona , Junuzovic Sasa , Gonzalez-Franco Mar , Ofek Eyal , Cutrell Edward , Porter John R. , Wilson Andrew D. , Mott Martez E.
Published: March 2022

Virtual Reality (VR)
applications often require users to perform actions with two hands when performing tasks and interacting with objects in virtual environments. Although bimanual interactions in VR can resemble real-world interactions—thus increasing realism and improving immersion—they can also pose significant accessibility challenges to people with limited mobility, such as for people who have full use of only one hand. An opportunity exists to create accessible techniques that take advantage of users’ abilities, but designers currently lack structured tools to consider alternative approaches. To begin filling this gap, we propose Two-In-One, a design space that facilitates the creation of accessible methods for bimanual interactions in VR from unimanual input. Our design space comprises two dimensions, bimanual interactions and computer assistance, and we provide a detailed examination of issues to consider when creating new unimanual input techniques that map to bimanual interactions in VR. We used our design space to create three interaction techniques that we subsequently implemented for a subset of bimanual interactions and received user feedback through a video elicitation study with 17 people with limited mobility. Our findings explore complex tradeoffs associated with autonomy and agency and highlight the need for additional settings and methods to make VR accessible to people with limited mobility.
Understanding How Sensory Changes Experienced by Individuals with a Range of Age-Related Cognitive Changes Can Affect Technology Use
Authors: Dixon Emma , Anderson Jesse , Lazar Amanda
Published: March 2022

Clinical researchers have identified sensory changes people with age-related cognitive changes, such as dementia and mild cognitive impairment, experience that are different from typical age-related sensory changes. Technology designers and researchers do not yet have an understanding of how these unique sensory changes affect technology use. This work begins to bridge the gap between the clinical knowledge of sensory changes and technology research and design through interviews with people with mild to moderate dementia, mild cognitive impairment, subjective cognitive decline, and healthcare professionals. This extended version of our ASSETS conference paper includes people with a range of age-related cognitive changes describing changes in vision, hearing, speech, dexterity, proprioception, and smell. We discuss each of these sensory changes and ways to leverage optimal modes of sensory interaction for accessible technology use with existing and emerging technologies. Finally, we discuss how accessible sensory stimulation may change across the spectrum of age-related cognitive changes.
Plan B: Design Methodology for Cyber-Physical Systems Robust to Timing Failures
Authors: Khayatian Mohammad , Mehrabian Mohammadreza , Andert Edward , Grimsley Reese , Liang Kyle , Hu Yi , McCormack Ian , Joe-Wong Carlee , Aldrich Jonathan , Iannucci Bob , Shrivastava Aviral
Published: March 2022

Many Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have timing constraints that must be met by the cyber components (software and the network) to ensure safety. It is a tedious job to check if a CPS meets its timing requirement especially when it is distributed and the software and/or the underlying computing platforms are complex. Furthermore, the system design is brittle since a timing failure can still happen (e.g., network failure, soft error bit flip). In this article, we propose a new design methodology calledPlan Bwhere timing constraints of the CPS are monitored at runtime, and a proper backup routine is executed when a timing failure happens to ensure safety. We provide a model on how to express the desired timing behavior using a set of timing constructs in a C/C++ code and how to efficiently monitor them at the runtime. We showcase the effectiveness of our approach by conducting experiments on three case studies: (1) the full software stack for autonomous driving (Apollo), (2) a multi-agent system with 1/10th-scale model robots, and (3) a quadrotor for search and rescue application. We show that the system remains safe and stable even when intentional faults are injected to cause a timing failure. We also demonstrate that the system can achieve graceful degradation when a less extreme timing failure happens.
Opinion column: Fairness, accountability and transparency (in multimedia)
Authors: Redi Miriam , Alameda-Pineda Xavier
Published: March 2022

The inclusiveness and transparency of automatic information processing methods is a research topic that exhibited growing interest in the past years. In the era of digitized decision-making software where the push for artificial intelligence happens worldwide and at different strata of the socio-economic tissue, the consequences of biased, unexplainable and opaque methods for content analysis can be dramatic.
Perspective—Electrolyte Design for Aqueous Batteries: From Ultra-High Concentration to Low Concentration？
Authors: Xu Jijian , Wang Chunsheng
Published: March 2022

High voltage aqueous Li-ion batteries have the potential for sustainable large-scale energy storage due to their intrinsic advantages of safety, low cost, as well as environmental friendliness. “Water-in-salt” electrolytes have significantly enhanced the energy density of aqueous Li-ion batteries by extending the aqueous electrolyte stability window to 3.0 V. However, the cathodic limit and salt concentration need to be reduced, enabling to operate low cost LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12 cells. In addition, gravimetric energy density of LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12, self-discharge rate, and operation temperature range remain rarely studied. This perspective aims to briefly summarize the opportunity and challenges of aqueous batteries for practical applications.
Perspective—Conducting Polymer Hybrids as Diagnostic Chemosensors
Authors: Haynes A. , Gouma P. I.
Published: March 2022

Polyaniline is a conducting polymer in which both redox and protonating/ deprotonating conduction mechanisms are activated in the presence of gaseous compounds, making it a gas sensor. Resistive chemosensors based on PANI, in particular, have been well studied for their gas sensing properties and are considered important sensing materials for a wide range of applications as they operate at room temperature. There is, however, a novel class of polyaniline hybrids with cellulose acetate that may be suitable for detecting biomarkers emitted from the skin and in measuring the pH of breath condensate for diseases and thus, worth studying them further.
An Ensemble Learning Method Based on an Evidential Reasoning Rule considering Combination Weighting
Authors: Xu Cong , Zhang YunYi , Zhang Wei , Zu HongQuan , Zhang YiZhe , He Wei
Published: March 2022

As an extension of Dempster–Shafer (D-S) theory, the evidential reasoning (ER) rule can be used as a combination strategy in ensemble learning to deeply mine classifier information through decision-making reasoning. The weight of evidence is an important parameter in the ER rule, which has a significant effect on the result of ensemble learning. However, current research results on the weight of evidence are not ideal, leveraging expert knowledge to assign weights leads to the excessive subjectivity, and using sample statistical methods to assign weights relies too heavily on the samples, so the determined weights sometimes differ greatly from the actual importance of the attributes. Therefore, to solve the problem of excessive subjectivity and objectivity of the weights of evidence, and further improve the accuracy of ensemble learning based on the ER rule, we propose a novel combination weighting method to determine the weight of evidence. The combined weights are calculated by leveraging our proposed method to combine subjective and objective weights of evidence. The regularization of these weights is studied. Then, the evidential reasoning rule is used to integrate different classifiers. Five case studies of image classification datasets have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the combination weighting method.
Cerebral Arterial Gas Embolism due to Helium Inhalation from a High-Pressure Gas Cylinder
Authors: Morales Gabriel , Fiero Marie , Albert Jesselle , Di Gennaro Jane , Gerbino Anthony
Published: March 2022

Cerebral arterial gas embolism (CAGE) is a rare but serious cause for acute neurologic deficit that occurs most often in divers who breathe compressed gas at depth or iatrogenically from a variety of invasive medical procedures. We present a rare case of CAGE caused by inhaling helium from an unregulated, high-pressure gas cylinder. Following inhalation, the patient experienced loss of consciousness, neurologic deficits, pneumomediastinum, and pneumothorax requiring transfer and treatment at a hyperbaric facility with resulting resolution of neurologic symptoms. This case highlights the importance of rapid diagnosis and hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO), facilitated by close coordination among community emergency departments, pediatric tertiary care centers, hyperbaric facilities, and poison control.
Solving Fractional Generalized Fisher–Kolmogorov–Petrovsky–Piskunov’s Equation Using Compact‐Finite Different Methods Together with Spectral Collocation Algorithms
Authors: Youssef Maged Z. , Khader M. M. , Al-Dayel Ibrahim , Ahmed W. E.
Published: March 2022

The main target of this work is presenting two efficient accurate algorithms for solving numerically one of the most important models in physics and engineering mathematics, Fisher–Kolmogorov–Petrovsky–Piskunov’s equation (Fisher‐KPP) with fractional order, where the derivative operator is defined and studied by the fractional derivative in the sense of Liouville–Caputo (LC). There are two main processes; in the first one, we use the compact finite difference technique (CFDT) to discretize the derivative operator and generate a semidiscrete time derivative and then implement the Vieta–Lucas spectral collocation method (VLSCM) to discretize the spatial fractional derivative. The presented approach helps us to transform the studied problem into a simple system of algebraic equations that can be easily resolved. Some theoretical studies are provided with their evidence to analyze the convergence and stability analysis of the presented algorithm. To test the accuracy and applicability of our presented algorithm a numerical simulation is given.
A Reliable Machine Intelligence Model for Accurate Identification of Cardiovascular Diseases Using Ensemble Techniques
Authors: Doppala Bhanu Prakash , Bhattacharyya Debnath , Janarthanan Midhunchakkaravarthy , Baik Namkyun
Published: March 2022

Machine intelligence can convert raw clinical data into an informational source that helps make decisions and predictions. As a result, cardiovascular diseases are more likely to be addressed as early as possible before affecting the lifespan. Artificial intelligence has taken research on disease diagnosis and identification to another level. Despite several methods and models coming into existence, there is a possibility of improving the classification or forecast accuracy. By selecting the connected combination of models and features, we can improve accuracy. To achieve a better solution, we have proposed a reliable ensemble model in this paper. The proposed model produced results of 96.75% on the cardiovascular disease dataset obtained from the Mendeley Data Center, 93.39% on the comprehensive dataset collected from IEEE DataPort, and 88.24% on data collected from the Cleveland dataset. With this proposed model, we can achieve the safety and health security of an individual.
Frequent Eating Out and 10‐Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Evidence from a Community Observatory in Malaysia
Authors: Ang Chiew Way , Ismail Roshidi , Kassim Zaid , Mohd Ghazali Ahmad Nizal , Reidpath Daniel , Su Tin Tin
Published: March 2022

Despite increasing mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in low‐ and middle‐income countries, information on the estimation of 10‐year CVD risk remains to be sparse. Therefore, this study was aimed at predicting the 10‐year CVD risk among community dwellers in Malaysia and at identifying the association of distal (socioeconomic characteristics) and proximal (lifestyle practices) factors with 10‐year CVD risk. We calculated the 10‐year CVD risk score among 11,897 eligible respondents from the community health survey conducted by the South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO) using the Framingham risk score (FRS). The findings indicate that 28% of respondents have a high chance of having CVD within the next ten years. After adjusting for the age of respondents, demographic and socioeconomic factors such as gender, ethnicity, marital status, education, income, and occupation had an association with the 10‐year CVD risk. In addition, frequent eating out had an association with 10‐year CVD risk, while physical activity was found to have no association with predicted CVD risk. CVD remained among the top five mortality causes in Malaysia. Health promotion strategies should emphasize the importance of having home‐cooked meals as a healthy dietary behavior, to reduce the mortality rate among Malaysians due to CVDs.
On Edge Irregular Reflexive Labeling for Generalized Prism
Authors: Wang Chenxi , Khan M. J. A. , Ibrahim M. , Bonyah E. , Siddiqui M. K. , Khalid S.
Published: March 2022

Among the various ideas that appear while studying graph theory, which has gained much attraction especially in graph labeling, labeling of graphs gives mathematical models which value for a vast range of applications in high technology (data security, cryptography, various problems of coding theory, astronomy, data security, telecommunication networks, etc.). A graph label is a designation of graph elements, i.e., the edges and/or vertex of a group of numbers (natural numbers), and is called assignment or labeling. The vertex or edge labeling is related to their domain asset of vertices or edges. Likewise, for total labeling, we take the domain as vertices and edges both at the same time. The reflexive edge irregularity strength (res) is total labeling in which weights of edges are not the same for all edges and the weight of an edge is taken as the sum of the edge labels and the vertices associated with that edge. In the res, the vertices are labeled with nonnegative even integers while the edges are labeled with positive integers. We have to make the labels minimum, whether they are associated with vertices or edges. If such labeling exists, then it is called the res of H and is represented as s res(H). In this paper, we have computed the res for the Cartesian product of path and cycle graph which is also known as generalizing prism.
Local Treatment of Hydrogen-Rich Saline Promotes Wound Healing In Vivo by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress via Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathway
Authors: Li Yujie , Shen Chengcheng , Zhou Xin , Zhang Jianghe , Lai Xiaoyue , Zhang Yiming
Published: March 2022

Wound healing is a complex dynamic process involving a large number of biological events. Excessive oxidative stress is a key factor delaying wound healing. Hydrogen is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic medical gas with safety, effectiveness, and penetrability. However, the effects of local treatment of hydrogen on wound healing and its potential mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, Kunming (KM) mice were used to set up a wound model. All the mice were randomly divided into the control, the local treatment with saline group, the local treatment with the hydrogen-rich saline group, and the intraperitoneal injection of the hydrogen-rich saline group. To evaluate the impact of hydrogen-rich saline on wound healing, we assessed the wound healing rate, wound closure time, histomorphology, oxidative stress indicators, inflammatory cytokines, the apoptosis index, and the expression of the nuclear factor-erythroid-related factor 2(Nrf-2). Furthermore, the immortalized nontumorigenic human epidermal (HaCaT) cells were chosen to investigate the therapeutic effects of hydrogen-rich medium on oxidative stress and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that local treatment of hydrogen-rich saline shortened wound closure time and reduced the level of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxidation. Meanwhile, it decreased the cell apoptosis index and increased the Nrf-2 expression. Besides, hydrogen-rich medium relieved the oxidative stress via the activation of the Nrf-2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. In conclusion, local treatment of hydrogen-rich saline exhibits the healing-promoting function through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. Hydrogen relieves the oxidative stress in the wound microenvironment via Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway. This study may offer a new strategy to promote wound healing and a new perspective to illustrate the mechanism of wound healing.
A Novel Structure for Transformerless Grid-Connected PV Inverter to Eliminate Common-Mode Current under Mismatch Condition
Authors: Katouli Alireza , Rezanejad Mohammad , Adabi Jafar
Published: March 2022

Common-mode current is one of the major challenges in transformerless grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters. This current is affected when the PV arrays are exposed to different environmental conditions and its value increases. This paper attempts to investigate the effect of mismatched condition on voltage balance of PV arrays, which leads to the increment of common-mode current. A new circuit structure is presented for compensating for voltage drop caused by partial shading and ambient temperature and removing the effect on the common-mode current. To validate the proposed structure, a laboratory prototype of this circuit is implemented.
Bedding Effect on the Deformation: Damage Differentiation of Coal Mass
Authors: Shaoqiang Liu , Hongbao Zhao , Qinrong Kang , Tao Wang , Dongliang Ji , Boyi Su
Published: March 2022

In order to reveal the mechanical properties and damage mechanism of coal with parallel multibedding under stress disturbance, the raw coal samples with parallel multibedding were selected. The uniaxial compression and acoustic emission damage measurement were carried out using the coal-rock mechanics damage coupling test system, revealing the bedding effect of coal deformation-damage failure differentiation under different loading methods; based on the test results, a coupling characterization model of mechanical damage of coal and rock with parallel multibedding is established. The results show that (a) the acoustic emission of raw coal samples under different loading modes has obvious differentiation characteristics of bedding effect. When the vertical bedding is loaded, the peak stress of raw coal samples is relatively high and the acoustic emission activity period is relatively long; when the parallel bedding is loaded, the active degree of acoustic emission is relatively strong, and there is an obvious mutation period after the acoustic emission enters the acute period. (b) Under different loading modes, the difference in the influence of bedding on the fracture evolution of raw coal specimens is mainly concentrated before the stress turning point. In stage I, the acoustic emission b value of raw coal specimens decreases first, then becomes stable under vertical bedding loading, and decreases under parallel bedding loading; in stages II and III, the acoustic emission b value of raw coal samples showed the same change trend under different loading modes. (c) Combined with the basic principle of continuous damage mechanics and based on the difference of bedding effect, the relationship between cumulative acoustic emission ringing count and stress and damage variable of the raw coal samples was established. The rationality and effectiveness of the model are verified by experiments.
Named Entity Recognition of Medical Text Based on the Deep Neural Network
Authors: Yang Tianjiao , He Ying , Yang Ning
Published: March 2022

Medical text data records detailed clinical data; named entity recognition is the basis of text information processing and an important part of mining valuable information in medical texts. The named entity recognition technology can accurately identify the information needed in medical texts and help medical staff make clinical decision-making, evidence-based medicine, and epidemic disease monitoring. This paper proposes a hybrid neural network medical text named entity recognition model. First, a coding method based on a fully self-attentive mechanism is proposed. The vector representation of each word is related to the entire sentence through the attention mechanism. It determines the weight distribution by scoring the characters or words in all positions and obtains the position information in the sentence that needs the most attention. The encoding vector at each position is integrated with the context information of full sentence, which solves the ambiguity problem. Second, a multivariate convolutional decoding method is proposed. This method can effectively pay attention to the characteristics of medical text named entity recognition in the decoding process. It uses two-dimensional convolutional decoding to associate the current position word with surrounding words to improve decoding efficiency while extracting features from the logic of the preceding and following words. Using the same number of convolution kernels as the entity category, it can effectively extract effective features from the label dimension. Besides, according to the characteristics of the named entity recognition task, a special mixed loss is designed. The experimental results verify that the proposed method is effective, and it is improved compared with some existing medical text named entity recognition methods.
SSR Loci Analysis in Transcriptome and Molecular Marker Development in Polygonatum sibiricum
Authors: Yang Qingwen , Jiang Yujie , Wang Yuping , Han Ruilian , Liang Zongsuo , He Qiuling , Jia Qiaojun
Published: March 2022

To study the SSR loci information and develop molecular markers, a total of 435,858 unigenes in transcriptome of Polygonatum sibiricum were used to explore SSR. The distribution frequency of SSR and the basic characteristics of repeat motifs were analyzed using MISA software, and SSR primers were designed by Primer 3.0 software and then validated by PCR. Moreover, the gene function analysis of SSR Unigene was obtained by Blast. The results showed that 112,728 SSR loci were found in the transcriptome of Polygonatum sibiricum, which distributed in 435,858 unigenes with a distribution frequency of 25.86%. Mo‐nucleotide and Di‐nucleotide repeat were the main types, accounted for 83.83% of all SSRs. The repeat motifs of A/T and AC/GT were the predominant repeat types of Mo‐nucleotide and Di‐nucleotide, respectively. A total of 113,305 pairs of SSR primers with the potential to produce polymorphism were designed for maker development. One hundred and fifty‐four of the 500 randomly selected primers not only produced fragments with expected molecular size but also had high polymorphism, which could accurately separate the tested varieties. The gene function of unigenes containing SSR was mostly related to the molecular function of Polygonatum sibiricum. The SSR markers in transcriptome of Polygonatum sibiricum show rich type, strong specificity, and high potential of polymorphism, which will benefit the candidate gene mining and marker‐assisted breeding. The developed markers can also provide technical methods for molecular identification of intraspecific species of Polygonatum Mill. and maker‐assisted breeding of superior varieties of Polygonatum Mill.
Comprehensive Landscape of Modules-Dysregulated Functions Reveals a Profound Role of ceRNAs in Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Li , Feng Qiuju , Liu Qi , Wang Li , Huang Shuming
Published: March 2022

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common severe cardiovascular diseases. Competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) play critical roles in complex diseases. However, our understanding of the dysregulated functions of ceRNAs in CHD remains limited. Here, we systematically analyzed the alterations of ceRNAs and identified the specific functions based on dysregulated modules from the ceRNA network. A total of 2457 significantly differential expressed genes and 212 differential expressed lncRNAs were identified. We got 76679 regulator relationship between different expression genes and miRNAs and 336 regulator relationship between differential expressed lncRNAs and miRNAs. We constructed the ceRNA network and selected five dysregulated modules. Furthermore, CHD specific functions based on dysregulated modules from the ceRNA network were identified, including histone acetylation, platelet degranulation, cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex, xenobiotic transport and so on. Our results will provide novel insight for a better understanding of the mechanism of ceRNAs and facilitate the identification of novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in CHD.
Real-World Comparisons of Low-Dose NOACs versus Standard-Dose NOACs or Warfarin on Efficacy and Safety in Patients with AF: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Ze , Wang Xiaozhen , Li Dandan , Wen Aiping
Published: March 2022

Objective. We aimed to further investigate the efficacy and safety of low-dose NOACs by performing a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Background. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that low-dose non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) showed inferior efficacy compared with standard-dose NOACs, although they are still frequently prescribed for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in the clinical practice. Methods. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, and MEDLINE were systematically searched from the inception to September 9, 2021, for cohort studies that compared the efficacy and/or safety of low-dose NOACs in patients with AF. The primary outcomes were ischemic stroke and major bleeding, and the secondary outcomes were mortality, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GH). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with the random-effect model. Results. Twenty-five publications involving 487856 patients with AF were included. Compared with standard-dose NOACs, low-dose NOACs had comparable risks of ischemic stroke (HR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.11), major bleeding (HR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.28), ICH (HR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.36), and GH (HR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.33), except for a higher risk of mortality (HR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.65). Compared with warfarin, low-dose NOACs were associated with lower risks of ischemic stroke (HR = 0.72, 95% CI .67 to 0.78), mortality (HR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.77), major bleeding (HR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.79), ICH (HR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.77), and GH (HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.95). Conclusions. Low-dose NOACs were comparable to standard-dose NOACs considering risks of ischemic stroke, major bleeding, ICH, and GH, and they were superior to warfarin. Low-dose NOACs might be prescribed effectively and safely for patients with AF. Considering limitations, further well-designed prospective studies are foreseen.
Research on Fitness Movement Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Yu Zhenhao
Published: March 2022

A multiuser motion-monitoring system based on MEMS is proposed for fitness movement, it is used to monitor the three important parameters of movement type, movement times, and movement cycle in the body movement and supports the simultaneous use of multiple users. The specific content of the method: (1) In terms of system design, a motion-monitoring system framework based on the Internet of things is proposed considering the motion-monitoring scene oriented to intelligent fitness. (2) In the aspect of algorithm, the relevant research of motion pattern recognition and cycle calculation method is carried out. For action pattern recognition, SVM-based algorithm to adapt to different computing capabilities of the scene is applied. (3) Experiments on 7 kinds of actions show that the proposed deep neural network has a good learning effect on small datasets, the recognition accuracy of the proposed deep neural network reaches 97.61%, and the recognition accuracy of SVM also reaches over 96%. In the 50 times of operation cycle calculation experiments, the frequency statistics algorithm has reached 100% of the calculation accuracy, and the calculation results of the operation cycle are close to the real value, which proves the validity of the method of cycle calculation. The experiment proves that the zero-crossing detection and wavelet analysis methods have a good overall effect and can accurately count and calculate the period when the number of actions is more, improve fitness efficiency, and provide guarantee for human health.
Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 Expression as Worse Prognostic Marker in Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Romayor Irene , García-Vaquero Marina Luque , Márquez Joana , Arteta Beatriz , Barceló Ramón , Benedicto Aitor
Published: March 2022

Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) is arising as a promising therapeutic target in breast carcinoma (BC). The ability of DDR2 to bind to collagen promotes protumoral responses in cancer cells that influence the tumor microenvironment (TME). Nonetheless, the interrelation between DDR2 expression and TME modulation during BC progression remains poorly known. For this reason, we aim to evaluate the correlation between intratumoral expression of DDR2 and the infiltration of the main TME cell populations, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). First, collagen and DDR2 expression levels were analyzed in human invasive BC samples. Then, DDR2 status correlation with tumor aggressiveness and patient survival were retrieved from different databases. Subsequently, the main pathways, cell types, and tissues correlated with DDR2 expression in BC were obtained through bioinformatics approach. Finally, we studied the association of DDR2 expression with the recruitment of CAFs and TAMs. Our findings showed that, together with the expected overexpression of TME markers, DDR2 was upregulated in tumor samples. Besides, we uncovered that altered TME markers were linked to DDR2 expression in invasive BC patients. Consequently, DDR2 modulates the stromal reaction through CAFs and TAMs infiltration and could be used as a potential worse prognostic factor in the treatment response of invasive BC.
Modelling to Engineering Data: Using a New Two-Parameter Lifetime Model
Authors: AL Sobhi Mashail M.
Published: March 2022

A novel two-parameter continuous lifespan model is developed, based on a truncated Fréchet produced family of distributions known as the truncated Fréchet inverted Lindley distribution. It includes a thorough discussion of statistical features such as the quantile function, moments, order statistics, incomplete moments, and Lorenz and Bonferroni curves. The greatest likelihood approach for estimating population parameters is described. Finally, one real-world data set to application is utilized to demonstrate the new distribution’s utility. The data represent the tensile strength, measured in GPa, of 69 carbon fibers tested under tension at gauge lengths of 20 mm.
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding as a Debut Form of Groove Pancreatitis: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Matías-García Belén , Castellón-Pavón Camilo José , Díaz-García Gustavo , Manso-Abajo Belén , Hernández-Aceituno Daniel , Hermosín-Peña Antonio , Mejías-Sosa Luis , Durán-Poveda Manuel
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Groove pancreatitis (GP) is an unusual subtype of chronic pancreatitis that affects the groove area. Differential diagnosis between groove pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma (PC) can be challenging, both clinically and radiologically. Our aim is to report the first case of GP debut with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB). Case Report. A 53-year-old man with a personal history of alcohol and tobacco abuse and chronic pancreatitis was admitted to the hospital for epigastric abdominal pain. A computed tomography scan showed a locally advanced neoformative lesion in the distal stomach. The patient presented melena, arterial hypotension, and 4.4 g/dl of hemoglobin. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a neoformative ulcerated lesion at the duodenal bulb without active bleeding. Biopsies were taken, and histopathological analysis did not show malignancy. A cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed, and the postoperative period was uneventful. Histopathological analysis revealed a segmental GP. Discussion. GP is an uncommon entity, and its clinical and radiological presentation mimics PC. However, with advances in imaging tests, several radiological criteria have been described to distinguish GP from PC preoperatively. Although some authors recommend a stepwise management with initial conservative therapy, a therapeutic strategy has not yet been established. Conclusion. GP is an uncommon type of focal pancreatitis that should be considered as a differential diagnosis of PC. We report the first clinical case of GP whose debut with UGB presented a greater diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Enhances T Cell Immune Responses and Reduces Resistance of Breast Cancer Cells to Radiotherapy
Authors: Guo Lei-Ming , Ding Gao-Feng , Xu Wen-Cai , Ge Hong , Jiang Yue , Lu Yu-Fei
Published: March 2022

Immune escape is a frequent occurrence, which limits the duration of antitumor immune responses to radiotherapy. Here, we aimed to ascertain the roles and underlying mechanisms of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tolerance of breast cancer (BC) to radiotherapy. We first quantified microRNA-21 (miR-21) and PD-L1 expression in BC tissues and cells, followed by identification of the interactions between miR-21, PD-L1, and programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4). miR-21 knock-in mice were used to construct tumor-bearing models, which were then treated with anti-PD-L1 antibody and irradiation, followed by measurement of tumor growth and tumor immune escape. Finally, we evaluated the synergistic effects of radiotherapy and anti-PD-L1 antibody in vivo. The results showed increased miR-21 expression in BC tissues and cells, which was positively correlated with PD-L1 expression. The treatment with radiotherapy or anti-PD-L1 antibody in the miR-21 knock-in mice diminished tumor weight and volume, along with decreased CD3+CD8+ positive cells, serum IL-2 and IFN-γ levels, and lower PD-L1 expression, but augmented apoptosis of T and BC cells. Moreover, miR-21 significantly augmented PD-L1 expression via PI3K/Akt pathway activation by targeting PDCD4 in BC cells. Thus, radiotherapy and anti-PD-L1 antibody synergistically accelerated the therapeutic effect against BC in mice, thereby implicating a close interplay between radiotherapy, T cells, and the miR-21/PDCD4/PI3K/Akt/PD-L1 axis.