bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cross‐sectional study of indications for cesarean deliveries in Médecins Sans Frontières facilities across 17 countries
Authors: Groen Reinou S. , Trelles Miguel , Caluwaerts Severine , Papillon‐Smith Jessica , Noor Saiqa , Qudsia Burhani , Ndelema Brigitte , Kondo Kalla M. , Wong Evan G. , Patel Hiten D. , Kushner Adam L.
Published: February 2015

Objective

To review the major indications for cesareans performed by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) personnel from the Operational Center Brussels.

Methods

A retrospective study was undertaken of all singleton cesarean deliveries from 2008–2012 for which indications were recorded. Location of project, age of patient, type of anesthesia, and duration of operation were also recorded.

Results

A total of 14 151 singleton cesarean deliveries were identified from 17 countries. Among the 15 905 indications recorded, the most common was failure to progress or cephalopelvic disproportion (4822 [30.3%]), followed by previous uterine scar (2504 [15.7%]), non‐reassuring fetal status (2306 [14.5%]), and fetal malpresentation (1746 [11.0%]). Other indications were placenta or vasa previa (794 [5.0%]), uterine rupture (676 [4.3%]), hypertensive disorders (659 [4.1%]), placental abruption (520 [3.3%]), pre‐rupture (450 [2.8%]), and cord prolapse (365 [2.3%]).

Conclusion

Indications for cesareans in MSF settings differ from those in higher‐income countries. Further investigation is needed for adequate emergency obstetric care coverage.
A new surgical technique of hymenoplasty
Authors: Wei Shu‐Yi , Li Qiang , Li Sen‐Kai , Zhou Chuan‐De , Li Feng‐Yong , Zhou Yu
Published: February 2015

Objective

To review data from patients who have undergone hymenoplasty with a novel surgical technique, termed the STSI (suture three stratums around the introitus) method.

Methods

In a retrospective study, data were reviewed from patients who underwent hymenoplasty by STSI at a center in Beijing, China, between January 2010 and January 2014. Patients were scheduled to attend a follow‐up appointment 1 month after surgery. Long‐term follow‐up was conducted by telephone. Follow‐up data and preoperative and postoperative photos were assessed.

Results

Overall, 125 patients had undergone hymenoplasty using the STSI method. Only 1 (0.8%) patient had an early postoperative complication (uncontrolled bleeding). Among the 99 patients who returned for follow‐up at 1 month, healing was recorded for 91 (91.9%). Long‐term follow‐up suggested that no patient had persistent dyspareunia, menstruation changes, or other health problems after the surgery. Among 51 patients who reported sexual intercourse since the surgery, 47 (92.2%) were satisfied with the outcome and 28 (54.9%) reported blood loss during the first intercourse.

Conclusion

The STSI method seems to be an effective, enduring, and safe technique of hymenoplasty.
Peri‐Incisional Botulinum Toxin for Chronic Postcraniotomy Headache After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Series
Authors: MacKenzie Heather M. , Teasell Robert , Miller Thomas A. , Sequeira Keith
Published: February 2015

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has been used successfully to treat primary headache syndromes, but there are no published data on its use for chronic postcraniotomy headache. Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT‐A) (4:1 dilution) was injected at a dose of 15‐50 units into peri‐incisional sites of the scalp in 3 patients who had undergone craniotomy remotely for traumatic epidural hematoma. All patients reported reductions in headache lasting at least 2.5 months. Repeat injections were performed in all cases with favorable outcomes. There were no complications. Peri‐incisional BoNT‐A appears to be a potentially valuable tool in the chronic management of post craniotomy headache after traumatic brain injury.
Slaughterhouse survey of cystic echinococcosis in cattle and sheep from the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Chihai O. , Umhang G. , Erhan D. , Boué F. , Tălămbuţă N. , Rusu Ş. , Zamornea M.
Published: March 2015

The Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm is responsible for cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. The life cycle of the parasite is mainly domestic and takes place between dogs and livestock species. A slaughterhouse survey was conducted in 2012 in the Republic of Moldova in order to estimate the prevalence of CE. A total of 1525 cattle, 5580 sheep and 12,700 pigs were surveyed. No CE infection was observed in pigs, while prevalence was estimated at 59.3% in cattle and 61.9% in sheep. Infection was significantly higher in animals raised in private households than in those from collective farms. The frequency of infection increased with age in both species. In cattle and in sheep, infection of both the liver and lungs was the most common, while infection in the lungs only was much less frequent. Farm type appears to be an important factor in CE infection in Moldova, due to the extensive farming and the home-slaughtering undertaken in the majority private sector, despite a high prevalence of CE also recorded in the public sector. The low fertility of cysts in cattle (1.1%) compared to sheep (47.6%) confirmed the maintenance of E. granulosussensu stricto in a dog–sheep life cycle which excludes cattle. Further studies are needed to obtain a complete overview of the parasite's epidemiology in its intermediate and definitive hosts, in order to implement control and preventive measures, with specific attention given to farms in the private sector.
THE INTERSECTION OF TASK-BASED INTERACTION, TASK COMPLEXITY, AND WORKING MEMORY
Authors: Kim YouJin , Payant Caroline , Pearson Pamela
Published: March 2015

The extent to which individual differences in cognitive abilities affect the relationship among task complexity, attention to form, and second language development has been addressed only minimally in the cognition hypothesis literature. The present study explores how reasoning demands in tasks and working memory (WM) capacity predict learners’ ability to notice English question structures provided in the form of recasts and how this contributes to subsequent development of English question formation. Eighty-one nonnative speakers of English completed three interactive tasks with a native speaker interlocutor, one WM task, and three oral production tests. Prior to the first interactive task, participants were randomly assigned to a task group (simple or complex). During task performance, all learners were provided with recasts targeting errors in question formation. The results showed that learners’ cognitive processes during tasks were in line with the cognitive demands of the tasks, at two complexity levels. The findings suggest that WM was the only significant predictor of the amount of noticing of recasts as well as of learners’ question development. With regard to interaction effects between WM and task complexity, high WM learners who carried out a complex version of the tasks benefitted the most from task-based interaction.
Impact of a short-term exposure to spaceflight on the phenotype, genome, transcriptome and proteome ofEscherichia coli
Authors: Li Tianzhi , Chang De , Xu Huiwen , Chen Jiapeng , Su Longxiang , Guo Yinghua , Chen Zhenhong , Wang Yajuan , Wang Li , Wang Junfeng , Fang Xiangqun , Liu Changting
Published: March 2015

Escherichia coli(E. coli) is the most widely applied model organism in current biological science. As a widespread opportunistic pathogen,E. colican survive not only by symbiosis with human, but also outside the host as well, which necessitates the evaluation of its response to the space environment. Therefore, to keep humans safe in space, it is necessary to understand how the bacteria respond to this environment. Despite extensive investigations for a few decades, the response ofE. colito the real space environment is still controversial. To better understand the mechanisms howE. coliovercomes harsh environments such as microgravity in space and to investigate whether these factors may induce pathogenic changes inE. colithat are potentially detrimental to astronauts, we conducted detailed genomics, transcriptomic and proteomic studies onE. colithat experienced 17 days of spaceflight. By comparing two flight strains LCT-EC52 and LCT-EC59 to a control strain LCT-EC106 that was cultured under the same temperature conditions on the ground, we identified metabolism changes, polymorphism changes, differentially expressed genes and proteins in the two flight strains. The flight strains differed from the control in the utilization of more than 30 carbon sources. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one deletion were identified in the flight strains. The expression level of more than 1000 genes altered in flight strains. Genes involved in chemotaxis, lipid metabolism and cell motility express differently. Moreover, the two flight strains also differed extensively from each other in terms of metabolism, transcriptome and proteome, indicating the impact of space environment on individual cells is heterogeneous and probably genotype-dependent. This study presents the first systematic profile ofE. coligenome, transcriptome and proteome after spaceflight, which helps to elucidate the mechanism that controls the adaptation of microbes to the space environment.
Incentivising improvements in health care delivery
Authors: Oliver Adam
Published: March 2015

This Special Section of Health Economics, Policy and Law begins with an article on the different ways in which one might incentivise improved performance among health care providers. I asked five experts on performance management, Gwyn Bevan, Tim Doran, Peter Smith, Sandra Tanenbaum and Karsten Vrangbaek, to write brief reactions to the article and to the notion of performance management in health care in general. The commentators were given an open remit to be as critical as they wished to be, and their reactions can be found in the pages that follow. I would like to thank Albert Weale for reviewing all of the articles, and Katie Brennan for serving as the catalyst for this collection.
The rights of the dead through the prism of Israeli succession disputes
Authors: Hacker Daphna
Published: March 2015

This paper aims at contributing to the evolving debate over the rights of the dead by providing it with concrete empirical socio-legal context. A pioneering study of succession disputes, conducted in Israel, exposes a gap between a prominent judicial promise to respect the wishes and guard the dignity of the deceased testator, and the actual action taking place behind this rhetoric. The findings reveal that the testator's dignity and wishes are trampled during testamentary procedures, when demeaning allegations about his or her mental and physical competence are allowed, and personal and medical information is exposed, and when the judge approves settlements that diverge from the testator's last will in the name of familial reconciliation, even though in most cases there are no nuclear family ties between the rival parties. These findings are discussed in the light of an original typology mapping the theoretical controversies over posthumous rights, to highlight some of the possible normative implications of the project for the law on the books and law in action related to property division after death.
Shared Genetic and Environmental Influences on Early Temperament and Preschool Psychiatric Disorders in Hispanic Twins
Authors: Silberg Judy L. , Gillespie Nathan , Moore Ashlee A. , Eaves Lindon J. , Bates John , Aggen Steven , Pfister Elizabeth , Canino Glorisa
Published: March 2015

Objective:Despite an increasing recognition that psychiatric disorders can be diagnosed as early as preschool, little is known how early genetic and environmental risk factors contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders during this very early period of development.Method:We assessed infant temperament at age 1, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and separation anxiety disorder (SAD) at ages 3 through 5 years in a sample of Hispanic twins. Genetic, shared, and non-shared environmental effects were estimated for each temperamental construct and psychiatric disorder using the statistical program MX. Multivariate genetic models were fitted to determine whether the same or different sets of genes and environments account for the co-occurrence between early temperament and preschool psychiatric disorders.Results:Additive genetic factors accounted for 61% of the variance in ADHD, 21% in ODD, and 28% in SAD. Shared environmental factors accounted for 34% of the variance in ODD and 15% of SAD. The genetic influence on difficult temperament was significantly associated with preschool ADHD, SAD, and ODD. The association between ODD and SAD was due to both genetic and family environmental factors. The temperamental trait of resistance to control was entirely accounted for by the shared family environment.Conclusions:There are different genetic and family environmental pathways between infant temperament and psychiatric diagnoses in this sample of Puerto Rican preschool age children.
When Love Dies: Further Elucidating the Existence of a Mate Ejection Module
Authors: Boutwell Brian B. , Barnes J. C. , Beaver Kevin M.
Published: March 2015

As a species, humans are generally serial monogamists; in some cases mating with the same partner for years or even decades. Nonetheless, humans often mate with more than one partner over the life course, meaning that romantic pair bonds often come to an end. Prior research has tentatively suggested that a mental mechanism might exist that facilitates severing the romantic bond between mates. Put differently, because romantic love is a species-typical trait, all members of the human species may come equipped with the mental hardware for both falling in love as well as for ending a relationship. Currently, the evolutionary, cognitive, neurobiological, and genetic underpinnings of human mate ejection have yet to be fully elucidated. We examine each of these factors to illuminate the possible mechanisms that may underpin the human tendency to fall out of love.
Practicing What We Preach (and Sometimes Study): Methodological Issues in Experimental Laboratory Research
Authors: Nichols Austin Lee , Edlund John E.
Published: March 2015

At the core of any causal claim is an experimental study, and laboratory research often provides the most valid arena for conducting experiments. Laboratory experiments allow researchers to provide internal validity to any phenomena they examine. However, researchers must consider and address certain methodological concerns when conducting lab research. Before participants ever agree to participate, forces are beginning to affect how they will respond to experimental manipulations. These and additional concerns continue during and after the completion of the experiment, yet many researchers do not fully understand their implications. As serious as these issues have always been, the introduction of social media and Internet data collection only highlight the importance of understanding and addressing methodological issues in laboratory experiments. In the following article, we discuss potential methodological flaws in laboratory research, examine research relevant to these problems, review evidence that suggests problems actually do contaminate our data, and suggest areas for future research. We conclude by providing recommendations for eliminating or alleviating these problems in future research, considering the role of replication studies as a post-hoc means of detecting these issues, and apply our conclusions to experimental research performed outside or a laboratory. In all, we believe that addressing these concerns in experimental research and practice will strengthen the validity of our conclusions, the replicability of our findings, and science as a whole.
In Pursuit of William James's McLean Hospital Records: An Inherent Conflict between Postmortem Privacy Rights and Advancing Psychological Science
Authors: Ponterotto Joseph G.
Published: March 2015

Psychological historians and psychobiographers advance our understanding of psychological theories through the intensive study of the lives of pioneering psychologists. In the course of their archival research, psychobiographers often uncover private information on the lives of historic psychologists that may never have been intended for public view and scrutiny. As such, psychobiographers need to balance considerations of the postmortem privacy of historic figures with the potential benefit to psychological science of revealing private information. Federal research guidelines and the ethical principles of the American Psychological Association concern themselves primarily with research on living subjects and are generally silent on best ethical practices regarding deceased historic and public figures. Using the case of William James's possible sojourn at McLean Hospital as an example, this article examines legal and ethical issues regarding the postmortem privacy protections of influential psychologists. An actuarial model is presented that recommends the postmortem time period after which private information, including mental health records, may become open to researchers. A decision-tree model on the process of requesting, securing, and reporting on such information is also presented. Finally, specific suggestions for follow-up qualitative and quantitative research on psychobiographical ethics are put forth.
Life After Genocide: Mental Health, Education, and Social Support of Orphaned Survivors
Authors: Ng Lauren C. , Ahishakiye Naphtal , Miller Donald E. , Meyerowitz Beth E.
Published: March 2015

Thousands of orphaned survivors of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide against the Tutsi were not only exposed to extraordinarily severe forms of violence, but many of these children took on the responsibility of caring and providing for other child survivors. This study describes the poverty, educational attainment, social support, and mental health of orphaned heads of household (OHH) 14 years after the genocide, and analyzes how violence exposure during the genocide and postgenocide stressors contributed to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and distress. Participants were 61 members of an OHH community organization who were interviewed in 2002 about their genocide experiences and who provided a follow-up assessment of postgenocide risk factors and PTSD and distress symptoms in 2008. Almost all of the OHH in this study reported low social support, high levels of poverty, and high rates of PTSD and distress symptoms. Lower educational attainment predicted PTSD symptoms and partially mediated the association between exposure to genocide violence and PTSD. Distress was predicted by lack of social support and witnessing family members harmed during the genocide. Results suggest that public health and community efforts to improve educational outcomes and to strengthen and expand social support networks may improve mental health outcomes of OHH.
Contribution of substantia nigra glutamate to prediction error signals in schizophrenia: a combined magnetic resonance spectroscopy/functional imaging study
Authors: White David M , Kraguljac Nina V , Reid Meredith A , Lahti Adrienne C
Published: March 2015

Background:

Because dopamine neurons signal a mismatch between expected and actual reward called prediction error (PE), aberrant PE signals in schizophrenia have been attributed to known dopaminergic abnormalities. However, dysfunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors on cortical γ-aminobutyric acid neurons, as hypothesized in schizophrenia, could lead to excess glutamate release in the substantia nigra (SN) and affect reward processing.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of SN glutamate to PE signals in healthy controls (HC) and patients with schizophrenia (SZ).

Methods:

We recruited 22 medicated SZ and 19 HC. We obtained (1) functional magnetic resonance imaging during a probabilistic monetary reward task to assess PE-related blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal and (2) magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure Glx (glutamate+glutamine) in the SN. To identify group differences in regions where the BOLD signal varies as a function of PE, we analyzed PEs generated during the task as parametric modulators of reward delivery. Finally, we examined the correlation of PE-related BOLD signal and SN Glx in each group.

Results:

Relative to HC, PE-related BOLD signals in SZ were significantly different in the midbrain/SN and ventral striatum. In SZ, SN Glx was significantly elevated. In HC, but not in SZ, PE-related BOLD signal in SN was positively correlated with SN Glx.

Conclusions:

These results suggest a role of glutamate in the neural coding of PE in controls. They indicate that glutamatergic dysfunction might contribute to abnormal PE coding in schizophrenia, suggesting the use of glutamate-targeted approaches to improve these deficits.
Homogeneous self-aligned liquid crystals on wrinkled-wall poly(dimethylsiloxane) via localised ion-beam irradiation
Authors: Jeong Hae-Chang , Park Hong-Gyu , Lee Ju Hwan , Jung Yoon Ho , Jang Sang Bok , Seo Dae-Shik
Published: March 2015

We demonstrate self-aligned liquid crystals (LCs) using a wrinkled-wall polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) wrinkle structure, which is a key factor to obtain a stable homogeneous alignment state with positive LCs. We constructed the wrinkled walls via localised surface exposure to IB radiation, which passed through a long length localised pattern mask. The creation of the wrinkled wall helped to align the LC molecules homogeneously because the wrinkled wall acted as a guide for the arrangement of positive LC molecules. In addition, we confirmed the stability of the alignment state as the width of the wrinkled wall was changed. Although this wrinkled-wall method is a non-contact method, LC alignment is achieved via an anisotropic topographical guide, which provides the LC molecules with stable homogeneous alignment.
Characterization of LGR5 stem cells in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas
Authors: Baker Ann-Marie , Graham Trevor A. , Elia George , Wright Nicholas A. , Rodriguez-Justo Manuel
Published: March 2015

LGR5 is known to be a stem cell marker in the murine small intestine and colon, however the localization of LGR5 in human adenoma samples has not been examined in detail and previous studies have been limited by the lack of specific antibodies. Here we used in situ hybridization to specifically examine LGR5 mRNA expression in a panel of human adenoma and carcinoma samples (n = 66). We found that a small number of cells express LGR5 at the base of normal colonic crypts. We then showed that conventional adenomas widely express high levels of LGR5 and there is no evidence of stereotypic cellular hierarchy. In contrast, serrated lesions display basal localization of LGR5 and the cellular hierarchy resembles that of a normal crypt. Moreover, ectopic crypts found in traditional serrated adenomas show basal LGR5 mRNA, indicating that they replicate the stem cell organization of normal crypts with the development of a cellular hierarchy. These data imply differences in the stem cell dynamics between the serrated and conventional pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis. Furthermore we noted high LGR5 expression in invading cells, with later development of a stem cell niche in adenocarcinomas of all stages.
Cocaine exposure impairs multilineage hematopoiesis of human hematopoietic progenitor cells mediated by the sigma-1 receptor
Authors: Nixon Christopher C. , Schwartz Brandon H. , Dixit Dhaval , Zack Jerome A. , Vatakis Dimitrios N.
Published: March 2015

Prenatal exposure to cocaine is a significant source of fetal and neonatal developmental defects. While cocaine associated neurological and cardiac pathologies are well-documented, it is apparent that cocaine use has far more diverse physiological effects. It is known that in some cell types, the sigma-1 receptor mediates many of cocaine's cellular effects. Here we present a novel and concise investigation into the mechanism that underlies cocaine associated hematopoietic pathology. Indeed, this is the first examination of the effects of cocaine on hematopoiesis. We show that cocaine impairs multilineage hematopoiesis from human progenitors from multiple donors and tissue types. We go on to present the first demonstration of the expression of the sigma-1 receptor in human CD34 + human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these cocaine-induced hematopoietic defects can be reversed through sigma-1 receptor blockade.
A cell-based screening system for anti-influenza A virus agents
Authors: Wong Wan Ying , Loh Sheng Wei , Ng Wei Lun , Tan Ming Cheang , Yeo Kok Siong , Looi Chung Yeng , Maah Mohd Jamil , Ea Chee-Kwee
Published: March 2015

Emerging of drug resistant influenza A virus (IAV) has been a big challenge for anti-IAV therapy. In this study, we describe a relatively easy and safe cell-based screening system for anti-IAV replication inhibitors using a non-replicative strain of IAV. A nickel (II) complex of polyhydroxybenzaldehyde N4-thiosemicarbazone (NiPT5) was recently found to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro. NiPT5 impedes the signaling cascades that lead to the activation of NF-κB in response to different stimuli, such as LPS and TNFα. Using our cell-based screening system, we report that pretreating cells with NiPT5 protects cells from influenza A virus (IAV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. Furthermore, NiPT5 inhibits replication of IAV by inhibiting transcription and translation of vRNAs of IAV. Additionally, NiPT5 reduces IAV-induced type I interferon response and cytokines production. Moreover, NiPT5 prevents activation of NF-κB and IRF3 in response to IAV infection. These results demonstrate that NiPT5 is a potent antiviral agent that inhibits the early phase of IAV replication.
Structural Basis for Substrate-specific Acetylation of Nα-acetyltransferase Ard1 from Sulfolobus solfataricus
Authors: Chang Yu-Yung , Hsu Chun-Hua
Published: March 2015

Nα-acetyltransferases (Nats) possess a wide range of important biological functions. Their structures can vary according to the first two residues of their substrate. However, the mechanisms of substrate recognition and catalysis of Nats are elusive. Here, we present two structure of Sulfolobus solfataricus Ard1 (SsArd1), a member of the NatA family, at 2.13 and 1.84 Å. Both structures contain coenzyme A, while the latter also contains a substrate-derived peptide. Sequential structure-based mutagenesis revealed that mutations of critical residues for CoA binding decreased the binding affinity of SsArd1 by 3 ~ 7-fold. Superimposition of SsArd1 (NatA) with human Naa50p (NatE) showed significant differences in key residues of enzymes near the first amino-acid position of the substrate peptide (Glu35 for SsArd1 and Val29 for Naa50p). Further enzyme activity assays revealed that the substrate specificity of SsArd1 could be altered from SSGTPT to MEEKVG by a range of Glu35 mutants. These studies provide not only a molecular elucidation of substrate recognition and specificity for the NatA family, but also insight into how members of the NAT family distinguish between amino acids at the substrate N-terminus from the ancient monomeric archaeal Ard1.
MoS2nanosheets as an effective fluorescence quencher for DNA methyltransferase activity detection
Authors: Deng Huimin , Yang Xinjian , Gao Zhiqiang
Published: March 2015

A fluorometric DNA methyltransferase activity assay is described. MoS2nanosheets are employed as the fluorescence quencherviavan der Waals interactions with fluorophore labeled substrate DNA.
New insights into phase distribution, phase composition and disorder in Y2(Zr,Sn)2O7 ceramics from NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Ashbrook Sharon E. , Mitchell Martin R. , Sneddon Scott , Moran Robert F. , de los Reyes Massey , Lumpkin Gregory R. , Whittle Karl R.
Published: March 2015

The use of solid-state NMR spectroscopy to provide new insight into the composition and atomic-scale disorder in pyrochlore-based ceramics produces a very different picture to that obtained using other techniques.
Cu, Al and Ga based metal organic framework catalysts for the decarboxylation of oleic acid
Authors: Yang L. , Ruess G. L. , Carreon M. A.
Published: March 2015

Herein we demonstrate the catalytic decarboxylation and conversion of oleic acid to paraffins and hydrocarbons over bare and Pt supported Cu, Al and Ga based metal organic frameworks.
High temperature neutron diffraction studies of PrInO3and the measures of perovskite structure distortion
Authors: Baszczuk A. , Dabrowski B. , Avdeev M.
Published: March 2015

The A3+M3+O3perovskites with ions in the fixed oxidation state exhibit slower reduction of structural distortion and the tolerance factor with temperature than the A2+M4+O3.
Sub-ns triplet state formation by non-geminate recombination in PSBTBT:PC70BM and PCPDTBT:PC60BM organic solar cells
Authors: Etzold Fabian , Howard Ian A. , Forler Nina , Melnyk Anton , Andrienko Denis , Hansen Michael Ryan , Laquai‡ Frédéric
Published: March 2015

Transient absorption spectroscopy and multivariate curve resolution analysis is used to demonstrate triplet state formation in low-bandgap polymer:fullerene photovoltaic blends.
Probing the effect of an inhibitor of an ATPase domain of Hsc70 on clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Cho Hyungseoph J. , Kim Gun-Hee , Park Seong-Hyun , Hyun Ji Young , Kim Nak-Kyoon , Shin Injae
Published: March 2015

Az blocks the association of Hsc70 with clathrin and consequently suppresses the disassembly of CCVs during clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
In silico study on aging and reactivation processes of tabun conjugated AChE
Authors: Chandar Nellore Bhanu , Lo Rabindranath , Kesharwani Manoj K. , Ganguly Bishwajit
Published: March 2015

This study revealed that the reactivation of tabun inhibited AChE is feasible with neutral antidotes prior to the aging process.
Synthesis of polybenzoxazine based nitrogen-rich porous carbons for carbon dioxide capture
Authors: Wan Liu , Wang Jianlong , Feng Chong , Sun Yahui , Li Kaixi
Published: March 2015

Nitrogen-rich porous carbons were synthesized from a novel bifunctional polybenzoxazine for high-performance CO2 capture.
Typical and atypical domain combinations in human protein kinases: functions, disease causing mutations and conservation in other primates
Authors: Rakshambikai Ramaswamy , Manoharan Malini , Gnanavel Mutharasu , Srinivasan Narayanaswamy
Published: March 2015

A twist in the evolution of human kinases resulting in kinases with hybrid and rogue properties.
Tuning finely the packing density of heavy microparticles in a microfluidic channel
Authors: Guevara-Pantoja Pablo E. , Caballero-Robledo Gabriel A.
Published: March 2015

The packing density of heavy microparticles is finely tuned inside a microfluidic channel by applying a vibration protocol with important implications for applications.
Continuous sol–gel derived SiOC/HfO2 fibers with high strength
Authors: Xu Yao , Su Dong , Feng Hongjun , Yan Xiao , Liu Ning , Sun Yong
Published: March 2015

This study presents the fabrication and characterization of continuous SiOC/HfO2 fibers with high strength by the sol–gel process.
Effect of the functional diamine structure on the properties of a polyimide liquid crystal alignment film
Authors: Liu Ming , Zheng Xinguo , Gong Shiming , Liu Lulu , Sun Zhen , Shao Leishan , Wang Yinghan
Published: March 2015

A novel functional diamine containing triphenylamine moiety and biphenyl as well as a long alkyl chain, 4-dodecyloxy-biphenyl-4′,4′′-diaminotriphenylamine (DBDTA), was synthesized and characterized.
Cholesteric films exhibiting expanded or split reflection bands prepared by atmospheric photopolymerisation of diacrylic nematic monomer doped with a photoresponsive chiral dopant
Authors: Harada Y. , Sakajiri K. , Kuwahara H. , Kang S. , Watanabe J. , Tokita M.
Published: March 2015

Cholesteric films exhibiting expanded or split reflection bands prepared by atmospheric photopolymerization of nematic diacrylate doped with a photoresponsive chiral dopant.
Using integrated absorption to calibrate optical cavity spectrometers
Authors: Fullam D. P. , Shoji K. , Venables D. S.
Published: March 2015

CEAS spectrometers are conveniently and accurately calibrated based on the integrated absorption of an absorbing compound evaporated into the inlet.
Ultrasound and salt-assisted liquid–liquid extraction as an efficient method for natural product extraction
Authors: Rezaeepour Reza , Heydari Rouhollah , Ismaili Ahmad
Published: March 2015

Ultrasound and salt-assisted liquid–liquid extraction (USALLE) has been introduced for extraction, clean-up and pre-concentration of oleuropein from olive leaves.
Colorimetric determination of total phenolic contents in ionic liquid extracts by paper microzones and digital camera
Authors: Aid Tiina , Kaljurand Mihkel , Vaher Merike
Published: March 2015

A rapid colorimetric paper microzone assay of total polyphenols in ionic liquid extracts was developed and validated.
Catalytic activity for CO oxidation of Cu–CeO2 composite nanoparticles synthesized by a hydrothermal method
Authors: Li Yuxiu , Cai Yun , Xing Xinxin , Chen Nan , Deng Dongyang , Wang Yude
Published: March 2015

A facile hydrothermal method has been developed for the synthesis of nanosized Cu–CeO2 composites with various Cu contents.
A cyclic octithiophene containing β,β′-linkages
Authors: Asai Kengo , Fukazawa Aiko , Yamaguchi Shigehiro
Published: March 2015

A cyclic octithiophene containing β,β′-linkages showed red-shifted fluorescence compared to α-quaterthiophene and a spin delocalization in the radical cation state.
Catalytic one-electron reduction of uranyl(vi) to Group 1 uranyl(v) complexes via Al(iii) coordination
Authors: Zegke Markus , Nichol Gary S. , Arnold Polly L. , Love Jason B.
Published: March 2015

Reactions between [(UO2)(py)(H2L)], the uranyl(vi) Pacman complex of the polypyrrolic macrocycle L and Tebbe's reagent or DIBAL result in the first reductive functionalisation of the uranyl oxo by Al to form [(py)R2AlOUO(py)(H2L)] (R = Me or iBu).
Correction: 9,9′-Anthryl-anthroxyl radicals: strategic stabilization of highly reactive phenoxyl radicals
Authors: Aotake Tatsuya , Suzuki Mitsuharu , Aratani Naoki , Yuasa Junpei , Kuzuhara Daiki , Hayashi Hironobu , Nakano Haruyuki , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Wu Jishan , Yamada Hiroko
Published: March 2015

Correction for ‘9,9′-Anthryl-anthroxyl radicals: strategic stabilization of highly reactive phenoxyl radicals’ by Tatsuya Aotake et al., Chem. Commun., 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c4cc10104a.
Constructing calixarene-supported high nuclearity Co27, Co28 and Ni18Na6 clusters with triazoles as co-bridges
Authors: Wang Shentang , Bi Yanfeng , Liao Wuping
Published: March 2015

Four high nuclearity compounds are constructed by M4-calixarene SBUs and triazole co-bridges.
Influence of hybrid nano-filler on the crystallization behaviour and interfacial interaction in polyamide 6 based hybrid nano-composites
Authors: Sreekanth M. S. , Panwar Ajay S. , Pötschke Petra , Bhattacharyya Arup R.
Published: March 2015

‘Agglomerated’ and ‘debundled’ structure of EG/MWNTs hybrid providing hetero-nucleation to PA6 chain. The dispersion state of the hybrid filler in PA6 changes from ‘agglomerated and stacked’ state to ‘debundled and exfoliated’ state in the presence of Li-AHA modified hybrid filler.
Gas phase selective hydrogenation over oxide supported Ni–Au
Authors: Cárdenas-Lizana Fernando , Keane Mark A.
Published: March 2015

Ni–Au synergism on Al2O3 and TiO2 generates increased surface reactive hydrogen with elevated reaction rates in the hydrogenation of nitroarenes.
Selective turn-off phosphorescent and colorimetric detection of mercury(ii) in water by half-lantern platinum(ii) complexes
Authors: Sicilia Violeta , Borja Pilar , Baya Miguel , Casas José M.
Published: March 2015

Complexes [{Pt(bzq)(μ-C7H4NS2-κN,S)}2] and [{Pt(bzq)(μ-C7H4NOS-κN,S)}2] are two new selective colorimetric and turn-off phosphorescent chemosensors for Hg2+ in DMSO–H2O solution.
A convenient and quantitative route to Sn(iv)–M [M = Ti(iv), Nb(v), Ta(v)] heterobimetallic precursors for dense mixed-metal oxide ceramics
Authors: Mishra Shashank , Jeanneau Erwann , Mangematin Stéphane , Chermette Henry , Poor Kalhor Mahboubeh , Bonnefont Guillaume , Fantozzi Gilbert , Le Floch Sylvie , Pailhes Stéphane , Daniele Stéphane
Published: March 2015

Simplicity is beauty. Reactions of SnCl4 with M(OR)x yield novel heterobimetallics with simple addition formula.
An experimental and theoretical magneto-structural study of polynuclear NiII complexes assembled from a versatile bis(salicylaldehyde)diamine polytopic ligand
Authors: Oyarzabal Itziar , Ruiz José , Mota Antonio J. , Rodríguez-Diéguez Antonio , Seco José M. , Colacio Enrique
Published: March 2015

Experimental and theoretical magneto-structural correlations and DFT calculations carried out in six novel NiII complexes with uncommon structures.
Highly bright multicolour emission through energy migration in core/shell nanotubes
Authors: Liu Lu , Zhang Nannan , Leng Zhihua , Liang Yimai , Li Ruiqing , Zou Lianchun , Gan Shucai
Published: March 2015

Multicolour photoluminescence was achieved in gadolinium-based core/shell nanotube structures via energy migration of Ce3+→Gd3+→Ln3+ and Ce3+→Ln3+ (Ln = Eu, Tb, Dy and Sm) in separated layers.
Fully printed organic tandem solar cells using solution-processed silver nanowires and opaque silver as charge collecting electrodes
Authors: Guo Fei , Li Ning , Radmilović Vuk V. , Radmilović Velimir R. , Turbiez Mathieu , Spiecker Erdmann , Forberich Karen , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: March 2015

Efficient, fully-printed organic tandem solar cells are realized by introducing solution-processed silver nanowires and opaque silver as charge collecting electrodes.
Is the surface oxygen exchange rate linked to bulk ion diffusivity in mixed conducting Ruddlesden–Popper phases?
Authors: Tomkiewicz Alex C. , Tamimi Mazin A. , Huq Ashfia , McIntosh Steven
Published: March 2015

The possible link between oxygen surface exchange rate and bulk oxygen anion diffusivity in mixed ionic and electronic conducting oxides is a topic of great interest and debate. While a large body of experimental evidence and theoretical analyses support a link, observed differences between bulk and surface composition of these materials are hard to reconcile with this observation. This is further compounded by potential problems with simultaneous measurement of both parameters. Here we utilize separate techniques, in situ neutron diffraction and pulsed isotopic surface exchange, to examine bulk ion mobility and surface oxygen exchange rates of three Ruddlesden–Popper phases, general form An−1A′2BnO3n+1, An−1A′2BnX3n+1; LaSrCo0.5Fe0.5O4−δ (n = 1), La0.3Sr2.7CoFeO7−δ (n = 2) and LaSr3Co1.5Fe1.5O10−δ (n = 3). These measurements are complemented by surface composition determination via high sensitivity-low energy ion scattering. We observe a correlation between bulk ion mobility and surface exchange rate between materials. The surface exchange rates vary by more than one order of magnitude with high anion mobility in the bulk of an oxygen vacancy-rich n = 2 Ruddlesden–Popper material correlating with rapid oxygen exchange. This is in contrast with the similar surface exchange rates which we may expect due to similar surface compositions across all three samples. We conclude that experimental limitations lead to inherent convolution of surface and bulk rates, and that surface exchange steps are not likely to be rate limiting in oxygen incorporation.
Recycling of rare earths from NdFeB magnets using a combined leaching/extraction system based on the acidity and thermomorphism of the ionic liquid [Hbet][Tf2N]
Authors: Dupont David , Binnemans Koen
Published: March 2015

A new recycling process was developed to recover rare earths from roasted NdFeB magnets using the thermomorphic and acidic properties of the ionic liquid [Hbet][Tf2N] to achieve a combined leaching/extraction system.
Sono-induced cold vapour generation interfaced with capacitively coupled plasma microtorch optical emission spectrometry: analytical characterization and comparison with atomic fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Frentiu Tiberiu , Butaciu Sinziana , Darvasi Eugen , Ponta Michaela , Senila Marin , Levei Erika , Frentiu Maria
Published: March 2015

Sono-induced cold vapour generation was interfaced for the first time with a plasma microtorch for Hg determination.
Glyconanoparticles and their interactions with lectins
Authors: Yilmaz Gokhan , Becer C. Remzi
Published: March 2015

Glyconanoparticles and their interactions with lectins.
Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of aromatic compounds with carboxylic acids via C–H bond activation
Authors: Wu Junliang , Hoang Kim Le Mai , Leow Min Li , Liu Xue-Wei
Published: March 2015

Ester bonds were readily achieved by directly coupling aromatic compounds and carboxylic acids via Pd-catalyzed C–H bond activation.
Synthesis of silafluorenes and silaindenes via silyl radicals from arylhydrosilanes: intramolecular cyclization and intermolecular annulation with alkynes
Authors: Xu Liang , Zhang Shuai , Li Pengfei
Published: March 2015

Effective synthetic methods, involving silyl radical intermediates and furnishing silafluorenes and silaindenes via direct Si–H and C–H cleavage in one step, have been developed.
A new platinum(ii) complex for bioimaging applications
Authors: Manikandamathavan Verasundaram M. , Duraipandy Natarajan , Kiran Manikantan S. , Vaidyanathan Vaidyanathan G. , Nair Balachandran U.
Published: March 2015

A new Pt(ii) complex bearing terpyridine derivative exhibit specificity towards nuclear DNA. The staining ability has been explored in cell imaging as well as in gel electrophoresis an alternative to highly mutagenic ethidium bromide.
SnS2 nanosheet-based microstructures with high adsorption capabilities and visible light photocatalytic activities
Authors: Wu Zhengcui , Xue Yejing , Zhang Yali , Li Jingjing , Chen Tao
Published: March 2015

High adsorption capabilities and visible light photocatalytic activities of SnS2 nanosheet-based microstructures are achieved.
Integration of benzo[h]quinoline and π-extended dibenzo[b,f]silepins on pentacoordinate silicon
Authors: Tokoro Yuichiro , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: March 2015

We investigated the relationship between the chemical structure involving the pentacoordinate silicon and the electronic properties of the molecules.
Facile preparation of mesoporous Cu–Sn solid solutions as active catalysts for CO oxidation
Authors: Li Yarong , Peng Honggen , Xu Xianglan , Peng Yue , Wang Xiang
Published: March 2015

A mesoporous Cu0.5Sn0.5Oy solid solution catalyst with Caramel-Treats-like morphology prepared easily by co-precipitation method exhibits remarkably improved CO oxidation activity and potent resistance to water vapour deactivation.
Electrochemical exfoliation of graphite to produce graphene using tetrasodium pyrophosphate
Authors: Punith Kumar M. K. , Nidhi Monika , Srivastava Chandan
Published: March 2015

An electrochemical exfoliation based synthetic methodology to produce graphene is provided.
Fabrication of a photo-catalytic cell using polymer-based composite films and investigation of its performance in the degradation of methyl blue
Authors: Jia Yiru , Yu Yun , Cheng Xinjian , Zhao Xiao , Ma Shengwei , Huang Honghui
Published: March 2015

A photo-catalytic cell was fabricated using CdS/polymer composite films with a CdS particle layer on the surface. The cell exhibited high efficiency in the photo-degradation of methyl blue.
Efficient aqueous dye-sensitized solar cell electrolytes based on a TEMPO/TEMPO+ redox couple
Authors: Yang Wenxing , Söderberg Magnus , Eriksson Anna I. K. , Boschloo Gerrit
Published: March 2015

Aqueous electrolyte-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have recently emerged and shown to be promising eco-friendly photovoltaic devices.
Site-specific bioalkylation of rapamycin by the RapM 16-O-methyltransferase
Authors: Law Brian J. C. , Struck Anna-Winona , Bennett Matthew R. , Wilkinson Barrie , Micklefield Jason
Published: March 2015

Characterisation of a rapamycinO-methyltransferase (RapM) and its utilisation in coupled reactions, with an improved variant of the human methionine adenosyl transferase (hMAT2A), results in new regioselectively alkylated rapamycin derivatives.
Gold(i)-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of allenamides, alkenes and aldehydes: a straightforward approach to tetrahydropyrans
Authors: Faustino Hélio , Varela Iván , Mascareñas José L. , López Fernando
Published: March 2015

A novel fully intermolecular gold-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition involving an allenamide, an alkene and an aldehyde provides a straightforward entry to tetrahydropyrans.
Hydrated vanadium pentoxide with superior sodium storage capacity
Authors: Wei Qiulong , Liu Jin , Feng Wei , Sheng Jinzhi , Tian Xiaocong , He Liang , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang
Published: March 2015

The V2O5·nH2O xerogel composed of thin acicular interconnected nanowire networks has been synthesized via a facile freeze-drying process and exhibits superior sodium storage capacity.
Confining MoS2 nanodots in 3D porous nitrogen-doped graphene with amendable ORR performance
Authors: Du Cuicui , Huang Hao , Feng Xun , Wu Siyuan , Song Wenbo
Published: March 2015

3D porous MoS2 NDs/NGr with controllable composition were prepared via in situ pyrolysis, and displayed amendable activity towards ORR in basic solution.
Novel understanding of carbothermal reduction enhancing electronic and ionic conductivity of Li4Ti5O12 anode
Authors: Yan Bo , Li Minsi , Li Xifei , Bai Zhimin , Yang Jianwen , Xiong Dongbin , Li Dejun
Published: March 2015

The electronic and ionic conductivity of Li4Ti5O12 can be simultaneously improved via a facile cost-saving carbothermal reduction method.
Conducting polymer electrodes for auditory brainstem implants
Authors: Guex Amélie A. , Vachicouras Nicolas , Hight Ariel Edward , Brown M. Christian , Lee Daniel J. , Lacour Stéphanie P.
Published: March 2015

PEDOT:PSS films are integrated in a flexible neural implant to safely transduce electrical pulses to stimulate the auditory brainstem.
Local demagnetisation analysis of a permanent magnet motor
Authors: Lee Ki‐Doek , Kim Won‐Ho , Jin Chang‐Sung , Lee Ju
Published: March 2015

Irreversible demagnetisation of a permanent magnet (PM) at high temperature can be caused by the field distributions because of the stator currents. It can be prevented if the magnet thickness is sufficient. However local irreversible demagnetisation can occur even if the magnet thickness is sufficient. The local irreversible demagnetisation is varied according to the magnetic path. To analyse the cause of local irreversible demagnetisation, the authors introduced an interior PMSM (IPMSM), consisting of a V‐shaped magnet and concentrated winding, and performed a parameter analysis of the magnetic field based on the barrier width and magnet position considerably related to the magnetic path using the finite‐element method. On the basis of the results, the authors developed a model avoiding local irreversible demagnetisation. A maximum load test was performed after a thermal saturation test to confirm whether irreversible demagnetisation of the manufactured models occurred. Finally, to verify the validity of the finite‐element analysis (FEA) results, the torque, efficiency, power factor and induced voltage of the manufactured model, which were obtained by FEA, were compared with the test results.
Model of aeronautical ground lighting system transformers
Authors: Lombarte Daniel Vidal , Monjo Lluis , Sainz Luis , Pedra Joaquin
Published: March 2015

Aeronautical ground lighting (AGL) systems provide visual reference to aircraft during airport operations. In AGL systems, constant current regulators feed a series circuit composed of luminaires supplied through transformers. Component modelling is necessary to simulate AGL systems, and thus characterise and predict their behaviour. This paper presents an AGL transformer model including transformer core saturation. Moreover, a procedure to estimate transformer model parameters is proposed. Both the model and the estimation method are validated with extensive measurements on more than 20 AGL transformers of different power ratings and trade names.