bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probably Approximately Symmetric: Fast Rigid Symmetry Detection With Global Guarantees
Authors: Korman Simon , Litman Roee , Avidan Shai , Bronstein Alex
Published: August 2014

We present a fast algorithm for global rigid symmetry detection with approximation guarantees. The algorithm is guaranteed to find the best approximate symmetry of a given shape, to within a user‐specified threshold, with very high probability. Our method uses a carefully designed sampling of the transformation space, where each transformation is efficiently evaluated using a sublinear algorithm. We prove that the density of the sampling depends on the total variation of the shape, allowing us to derive formal bounds on the algorithm's complexity and approximation quality. We further investigate different volumetric shape representations (in the form of truncated distance transforms), and in such a way control the total variation of the shape and hence the sampling density and the runtime of the algorithm. A comprehensive set of experiments assesses the proposed method, including an evaluation on the eight categories of the COSEG data set. This is the first large‐scale evaluation of any symmetry detection technique that we are aware of.
Boundary Handling at Cloth–Fluid Contact
Authors: Huber M. , Eberhardt B. , Weiskopf D.
Published: August 2014

We present a robust and efficient method for the two‐way coupling between particle‐based fluid simulations and infinitesimally thin solids represented by triangular meshes. Our approach is based on a hybrid method that combines a repulsion force approach with a continuous intersection handling to guarantee that no penetration occurs. Moreover, boundary conditions for the tangential component of the fluid's velocity are implemented to model the different slip conditions. The proposed method is particularly useful for dynamic surfaces, like cloth and thin shells. In addition, we demonstrate how standard fluid surface reconstruction algorithms can be modified to prevent the calculated surface from intersecting close objects. For both the two‐way coupling and the surface reconstruction, we take into account that the fluid can wet the cloth. We have implemented our approach for the bidirectional interaction between liquid simulations based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and standard mesh‐based cloth simulation systems.
Social Capital and the Family: Evidence that Strong Family Ties Cultivate Civic Virtues
Authors: Ljunge Martin
Published: August 2014

I establish a positive relationship between family ties and civic virtues, as captured by disapproval of tax and benefit cheating, corruption and a range of other dimensions of exploiting others for personal gain. I find that family ties are a complement to social capital, using within‐country evidence from 83 nations and data on second‐generation immigrants in 29 countries. Strong families cultivate Universalist values and produce more civic and altruistic individuals. The results provide a constructive role for families in promoting family values, which challenge an ‘amoral familism’. Moreover, strong families are complementary with more developed and democratic institutions.
Understanding the Filler Effect on the Nucleation and Growth of C‐S‐H
Authors: Berodier E. , Scrivener K.
Published: August 2014

The “filler effect”, due to the physical presence of mineral additions in cement, is mainly known to accelerate the hydration of the clinker component. Previously, this was attributed to the surface of the filler providing nucleation sites for C‐S‐H as there is a clear dependence on the surface provided by the filler particles. Our results reveal that the increase in nucleation is quite low compared to the area provided. Based on the isothermal calorimetry experiments and SEM images, we demonstrate that the most important parameter is the interparticle distance. We propose that this is mainly the result of the shearing conditions rather than extra surface available for C‐S‐H as formerly assumed. Quantitatively slag and fly ash behave very similarly to quartz. Limestone, on the other hand, seems also to stimulate C‐S‐H nucleation giving it a higher efficiency in accelerating clinker hydration.
Psychopathy and Low Anxiety: Meta‐Analytic Evidence for the Absence of Inhibition, Not Affect
Authors: Derefinko Karen J.
Published: August 2014

Despite historical conviction that the psychopath is low‐anxious, contemporary research remains equivocal. An examination of the literature suggests that the lack of consensus may be due to problems with the conceptualization of “psychopathic low anxiety.” It was hypothesized that ambiguous relations could be clarified by parsing the psychopathic low anxiety construct into more discrete components: anxiety, fear, and constraint. The current study examined the relations between psychopathy and these three different low anxiety conceptualizations through three meta‐analyses. Results indicated that anxiety and fear were negligibly related to psychopathyTotal. In contrast, constraint demonstrated a medium negative relation with psychopathyTotal. Relations showed divergence across psychopathy factor scores. Anxiety, fear, and constraint were all negatively related toFactor 1 scores, whereas anxiety was positively related, and constraint negatively related, toFactor 2 scores. These meta‐analytic findings suggest that although psychopathic individuals have deficits in inhibition/constraint, they do not necessarily exhibit a consistent absence of negative affect. This interpretation is consistent with predictions regarding the personality correlates of the factors of psychopathy, indicating that while constraint composes a large part of psychopathy assessments, it is less clear how much anxiety lends to the construct.
Factors Influencing Prostate-Specific Antigen Response among Men Treated with Testosterone Therapy for 6 Months
Authors: Morgentaler Abraham , Benesh Janet A. , Denes Bela S. , Kan-Dobrosky Natalia , Harb Diala , Miller Michael G.
Published: August 2014

Introduction

Factors influencing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) changes in men undergoing testosterone (T) therapy have not been well studied.

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of selected variables on PSA changes in hypogonadal men administered with 1.62% testosterone gel (T-gel) for 6 months.

Methods

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 274 (234 T-gel, 40 placebo) hypogonadal men >18 years of age, with baseline T concentrations <300 ng/dL, PSA ≤2.5 ng/mL, and negative digital rectal examination. Subjects received once-daily T-gel for T therapy.

Main Outcome Measures

Changes in mean serum PSA, percentage of free PSA (%fPSA), and T from baseline to 6 months (182 days).

Results

Mean age was 53.5 years and baseline mean values were total T 247 ng/dL, PSA 0.9 ng/mL, and %fPSA 24.6%. Among men treated with T-gel, T increased to 499 ng/dL and PSA increased by 0.1 ng/mL (P = 0.0012). PSA increased ≥0.3 ng/mL in 26.3%, <0.3 ng/mL in 73.7%, including a decline from baseline in 33.0%. In the placebo group, T increased 29 ng/dL to 274 ng/dL, and PSA decreased 0.1 ng/mL, compared with baseline. A greater increase in PSA was noted in men ≥60 years old than in men <60 years old (0.4 vs. 0.05 ng/mL, respectively; P = 0.0006). Mean PSA did not change in men with baseline serum T >250 ng/dL, whereas it increased by 0.2 ng/mL in men with T ≤250 ng/dL (P = 0.0031). PSA increased 0.3 ng/mL in men with baseline %fPSA <20% and 0.1 ng/mL in men with %fPSA ≥20%.

Conclusions

Overall, T-gel treatment was associated with a minor increase in PSA, of questionable clinical significance. Factors predicting greater PSA increases included age ≥60 years, baseline T ≤250 ng/dL, and %fPSA <20%. Men with T >250 ng/dL and age <60 years demonstrated minimal or no PSA change.
Who are the children using hospice care?
Authors: Lindley Lisa C. , Shaw Shih‐Lung
Published: August 2014

Purpose

The purpose was to examine the characteristics of children who use hospice care.

Design and Methods

Using the Andersen Model of Health Services Use, California Medicaid administrative databases were analyzed to describe the characteristics of 76 children in hospice.

Results

The predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics of children were identified. Children who used hospice were a diverse group with community resources that enabled them to access care while presenting with serious health needs. Children enrolled in hospice were more likely older (15–20 years of age), resided nearer a pediatric hospice, and had a serious health condition such as neuromuscular disease with multiple comorbidities.

Practice Implications

With this knowledge, pediatric nurses can improve their clinical practice by targeting conversations with families and children most in need of hospice care.
Limits on Violence; Limits on Responsive Regulatory Theory
Authors: Braithwaite John
Published: August 2014

Responsive regulation is a general theory of how to steer the flow of events. This article seeks to understand when violence is and is not defensible as an enforcement escalation. It specifies limits on the claim of responsive regulatory theory that a tough enforcement peak to a regulatory pyramid helps drive regulation down to persuasion at the base of the pyramid. Those limits are about the counterproductive effects of violence at the peak of an enforcement pyramid. Erica Chenoweth and her colleagues show that nonviolent civilian resistance to regimes is twice as likely as armed struggle to succeed. Nonviolence complemented by a violent radical flank is less effective than disciplined nonviolence. This refutes the “benign big gun” aspect of responsive regulatory theory as a general theory of the regulation of social action. The theory implies that capacity to escalate to armed struggle at the peak of a regulatory pyramid should empower resistance. Can responsive theory be adapted to this empirical challenge? Can that adaptation show a productive path to an ethics of when to constrain escalation to violence as an option at the peak of all kinds of regulatory pyramids? Lessons are drawn from how Nelson Mandela's struggle against apartheid opened nonviolent paths to transformation without total renunciation of violence.
A pathogenicity determinant maps to the N‐terminal coat protein region of the Pepino mosaic virus genome
Authors: Duff‐Farrier Celia R. A. , Bailey Andy M. , Boonham Neil , Foster Gary D.
Published: August 2014

Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) poses a worldwide threat to the tomato industry. Considerable differences at the genetic level allow for the distinction of four main genotypic clusters; however, the basis of the phenotypic outcome is difficult to elucidate. This work reports the generation of wild‐type PepMV infectious clones of both EU (mild) and CH2 (aggressive) genotypes, from which chimeric infectious clones were created. Phenotypic analysis in three solanaceous hosts, Nicotiana benthamiana, Datura stramonium and Solanum lycopersicum, indicated that a PepMV pathogenicity determinant mapped to the 3′‐terminal region of the genome. Increased aggression was only observed in N. benthamiana, showing that this factor is host specific. The determinant was localized to amino acids 11–26 of the N‐terminal coat protein (CP) region; this is the first report of this region functioning as a virulence factor in PepMV.
Three types of temporal perspective: characterizing developmental changes in temporal thought
Authors: McCormack Teresa
Published: August 2014

This paper provides an outline of the development of temporal thinking that is underpinned by the idea that temporal cognition shifts from being event dependent to event independent over the preschool period. I distinguish between three different ways in which it may be possible to have a perspective on time: (1) a perspective that is grounded in script‐like representations of repeated events; (2) a more sophisticated perspective that brings in an fundamental categorical distinction between events that have already happened and events that are yet to come; and (3) a mature temporal perspective that involves orienting oneself in time using a linear temporal framework, with a grasp of the distinctions between past, present, and future. I propose that, with development, children possess each of these types of perspective in turn, and that only the last of these involves being able to represent time in an event‐independent way.
Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of Valencia orange fruit after natural frost exposure
Authors: Perotti Valeria E. , Moreno Alejandra S. , Trípodi Karina E.J. , Meier Guillermo , Bello Fernando , Cocco Mariángeles , Vázquez Daniel , Anderson Catalina , Podestá Florencio E.
Published: August 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of orange fruit (Citrus sinensis var. Valencia Late) to freezing stress in planta, both immediately after the natural event and after a week, in order to understand the biochemical and molecular basis of the changes that later derive in internal and external damage symptoms. Using two‐dimensional differential gel electrophoresis to analyze exposed and non‐exposed fruit, 27 differential protein spots were detected in juice sacs and flavedo, among all comparisons made. Also, primary and secondary metabolites relative contents were analyzed in both tissues by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, respectively. Proteins and compounds involved in regulatory functions, iron metabolism, oxidative damage and carbohydrate metabolism were the most affected. Interestingly, three glycolytic enzymes were induced by cold, and there was an increase in fermentation products (volatiles); all of that suggests that more energy generation might be required from glycolysis to counter the cold stress. Moreover, a notable increase in sugar levels was observed after frost, but it was not at the expense of organic acids utilization. Consequently, these results suggest a probable redistribution of photoassimilates in the frost‐exposed plants, tending to restore the homeostasis altered by that severe type of stress. Isosinensetin was the most cold‐sensitive secondary metabolite because it could not be detected at all after the frost, constituting a possible tool to early diagnose freezing damage.
Automated hematologic analysis of bone marrow aspirate samples from healthy Beagle dogs
Authors: Tan E. , Abrams‐Ogg A. C. G. , Defarges A. , Bienzle D.
Published: August 2014

Background

Interpretation of bone marrow (BM) smears typically is comprised of qualitative assessment and differential counting of cells. Analysis of BM fluid with automated hematology analyzers may provide rapid characterization of cells to supplement microscopic interpretation.

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to examine the practicality and utility of analyzing BM samples in the Advia 2120 hematology analyzer; to determine if results correlate with smear assessment; and to establish descriptive statistics from hematologically normal and clinically healthy Beagle dogs.

Methods

Anticoagulated BM aspirates from 3 different sites of 26 adult Beagle dogs were collected. BM samples were analyzed in the Advia 2120, and numerical results were correlated with microscopic assessment of corresponding BM smears. Results from automated analyses and manual 500‐cell differential counts were statistically analyzed.

Results

Forty‐six samples were suitable for complete analysis. Results were available in approximately 2 (Advia) and 30 (stained and cover‐slipped smear) minutes. Advia nucleated cell concentration was significantly correlated with microscopic assessment of smear particle number and smear cellularity. Significant correlations were also identified for Advia percent neutrophils with segmented, band and metamylocyte neutrophils, Advia percent lymphocytes with rubricytes, and Advia percent large unstained cells (LUC) with myeloblasts and promyelocytes.

Conclusions

Automated analysis of BM aspirates was practicable, although techniques to obtain cellular samples and avoid clot formation could be improved. Automated analysis may provide rapid and useful preliminary information regarding sample cellularity, and granulocytic and erythrocytic components. Automated analysis should not supplant microscopic assessment, but may be a useful adjunct.
Studying the linguistic ecology of Singapore: A comparison of college and university students
Authors: SIEMUND PETER , SCHULZ MONIKA EDITH , SCHWEINBERGER MARTIN
Published: August 2014

The focus of research on Singapore English has traditionally been on its structural features, while the relationship between English and other official languages of the Republic within the individual speaker has attracted much less interest, and comparatively little empirical data exist on the actual linguistic ecology of individual Singaporeans. The present study explores the results of detailed language background questionnaires eliciting the linguistic and sociological background of 300 Singaporean university and polytechnic students. The questionnaires assess not only how many languages a speaker is proficient in, but also when and how they acquired each language, how often and in which contexts speakers make use of which language, as well as their attitudes to different languages. The data depict a fine‐grained picture of language use among Singaporean students that challenges the notion of the typical multilingual Singaporean. On the whole, students exhibit bilingual or trilingual identities and report positive attitudes towards both English and their respective mother tongue. Attitudes towards Singapore Colloquial English (Singlish) are also generally positive, especially among university students, as Singlish evidently continues to serve as an important marker of Singaporean identity.
Implementing Skin‐to‐Skin Contact in the Operating Room Following Cesarean Birth
Authors: Grassley Jane S. , Jones Judith
Published: August 2014

This column shares the best evidence‐based strategies and innovative ideas on how to facilitate the implementing of EBP principles and processes by clinicians as well as nursing and interprofessional students. Guidelines for submission are available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1741‐6787
Effect of Induced Magnetic Field on Magnetohydrodynamic Stagnation Point Flow and Heat Transfer on a Stretching Sheet
Authors: Sinha A. , Misra J. C.
Published: August 2014

In this paper, the steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point flow of an incompressible viscous electrically conducting fluid over a stretching sheet has been investigated. Velocity and thermal slip conditions have been incorporated in the study. The effects of induced magnetic field and thermal radiation have also been duly taken into account. The nonlinear partial differential equations arising out of the mathematical analysis of the problem are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and boundary layer approximation. These equations are solved by developing an appropriate numerical method. Considering an illustrative example, numerical results are obtained for velocity, temperature, skin friction, and Nusselt number by considering a chosen set of values of various parameters involved in the study. The results are presented graphically/in tabular form.
Wireless Telemetric Data Acquisition and Real-Time Control for a High Measurement-Density Internal Heat Transfer Experiment
Authors: Habib Alexander J. , Barton Jeffery L. , Mathison Randall M. , Dunn Michael G.
Published: August 2014

This paper describes a wireless data transmission system for a large-scale rotating experiment to investigate the heat transfer in a three-passage serpentine test section. Patterned after the NASA HOST program, the current experiment extends the data set to larger aspect ratios including 1:2, 1:4, and 1:6. As with HOST, heat transfer is measured using the heated segments technique, and the serpentine test section spins at rotation numbers representative of engine conditions. Rotating experiments are essential for capturing the representative operating conditions and complicated flow physics that must be understood to advance internal cooling technology for high aspect ratio configurations. There are challenges associated with controlling the operating parameters and collecting accurate data for high measurement-density rotating experiments. This experiment requires that 140 copper panels be held at a constant temperature by independently controlling and recording the power supplied to a separate heater on each panel. This means there must be 140 temperature measurements, 140 pairs of heater power leads, enough power to drive all of these heaters, and data recording capacity left over to measure fluid temperatures and pressures. Traditional methods of transferring rotating signals to the stationary frame of reference (like slip rings) are widely implemented but have practical limitations in the quantity of transferrable signals and the electrical current capacity of the individual channels. Alternatively, wireless transmission techniques were first developed decades ago, but their practical use has been limited by onboard power delivery requirements and cost. This paper describes the development of a new data transmission and control system that takes advantage of improvements in inexpensive electronics to create a battery-powered and microprocessor controlled system for acquisition, storage, control, and wireless communication. These components are assembled as an integral part of the rotating mechanical hardware. By handling high-fidelity microcircuit signal conditioning, data acquisition, feedback control, and data storage in the rotating frame and transmitting the results wirelessly, this system provides high measurement density and active feedback control that would have been impractical with a conventional slip-ring approach. The design and construction of the wireless control system for one full sidewall of the three-serpentine passage is described in detail. Its capability and functionality is demonstrated with operational data. It will be demonstrated that while all of the components in this system are readily available, the unique combination of this technology opens up a new world of measurement capabilities.
How Does Drag Affect the Underwater Phase of a Swimming Start?
Authors: Tor Elaine , Pease David L. , Ball Kevin A.
Published: August 2014

During the underwater phase of the swimming start drag forces are constantly acting to slow the swimmer down. The current study aimed to quantify total drag force as well as the specific contribution of wave drag during the underwater phase of the swimming start. Swimmers were towed at three different depths (surface, 0.5 m, 1.0 m) and four speeds (1.6, 1.9, 2.0, 2.5 m·s–1), totaling 12 conditions. Wave drag and total drag were measured for each trial. Mixed modeling and plots were then used to determine the relationships between each towing condition and the amount of drag acting on the swimmer. The results of this study show large decreases in total drag as depth increases, regardless of speed (–19.7% at 0.5 m and –23.8% at 1.0 m). This is largely due to the significant reduction in wave drag as the swimmers traveled at greater depth. It is recommended that swimmers travel at least 0.5 m below the surface to avoid excessive drag forces. Swimmers should also perform efficient breakouts when transitioning into free swimming to reduce the duration spent just below the surface where drag values are reported at their highest.
Participant Variation by Delivery Site Type in an Evidence-Based Physical Activity Program
Authors: Kohn Marlana J. , Belza Basia , Petrescu-Prahova Miruna , Miyawaki Christina E. , Hohman Katherine H.
Published: August 2014

This study examined participant demographic and physical function characteristics from EnhanceFitness, an evidence-based physical activity program for older adults. The sample consisted of 19,964 older adults. Participant data included self-reported health and demographic variables, and results for three physical function tests: chair stand, arm curls, and timed up-and-go. Linear regression models compared physical function test results among eight program site types. Participants were, on average, 72 years old, predominantly female, and reported having one chronic condition. Residential site participants’ physical function test results were significantly poorer on chair stand and timed up-and-go measures at baseline, and timed up-and-go at a four-month follow-up compared with the reference group (senior centers) after controlling for demographic variables and site clustering. Evidence-based health-promotion programs offered in community settings should assess demographic, health, and physical function characteristics to best serve participants’ specific needs, and offer classes tailored to participant function and ability while maintaining program fidelity.
Genetic parameters of growth and stem quality traits for jack pine second-generation progeny tested in New Brunswick
Authors: Weng Y.H. , Lu P. , Adams G.W. , Fullarton M.S. , Tosh K.J.
Published: August 2014

Genetic variation and time trends for growth and stem quality traits were evaluated in jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) second-generation progeny tests. The study was based on a large dataset, involving 275 half-sib families and 17 field trials, planted across New Brunswick, Canada. Growth was indicated by cumulative tree height (HT) measured at trial ages from 5 to 20 years, and stem quality was evaluated on stem straightness (SST) and stem forking (SF). Results indicated that both HT and SST were moderately genetically controlled, with mean individual heritability estimates of 0.14 (range: 0.03–0.30) and 0.16 (range: 0.10–0.25), respectively, which were lower than those estimates from the first-generation progeny tests. Heritability estimates for HT increased from trial ages of 5 to 10 years and then remained stable, whereas for SST, heritability estimates showed a “Λ” shape with the highest value occurring at trial age of 15 years. HT measurements at trial ages of 5 to 10 years were highly predictive of HT growth at 15 to 20 years, and similarly, SST assessment at 10 years correlated well with assessment at 20 years. Estimates of genetic correlation between HT and SST were positively and moderately strong, which contrasted with the moderately negative genetic correlation between the two traits in the first-generation progeny. Heritability estimates for SF were generally low (mean [Formula: see text] = 0.06) and remained constant over time. SF was essentially not genetically correlated with HT or SST. Family-by-site interactions were weak for HT and SST over the trial ages but were strong for SF at trial age of 10 years or older. The potential impact of selection on genetic architecture of growth and stem quality traits in advanced generation jack pine breeding populations and on breeding and selection strategies was discussed.
Kaluza–Klein dark energy model in the form of wet dark fluid in f(R, T) gravity
Authors: Sahoo P. K. , Mishra B.
Published: August 2014

In this paper, we have investigated the five-dimensional Kaluza–Klein space time with wet dark fluid (WDF), which is a candidate for dark energy (DE), in the framework of f(R, T) gravity. R and T denote the Ricci scalar and the trace of the energy–momentum tensor, respectively (Harko et al. Phys. Rev. D, 84, 024020 (2011)). We have used equation of state in the form of WDF for the DE component of the universe. It is modeled on the equation of state p = ω(ρ – ρ*). With the help of the power law and exponential law of volumetric expansion, we have derived the exact solutions of the corresponding field equations. The geometrical and physical parameters for both the models are studied. The model obtained here may represent the inflationary era in the early universe and very late time of the universe. It is concluded that the model obtained here shows that even in the presence of WDF, the universe indicates accelerated expansion of the universe.
Challenges and advances in the study of pterosaur flight
Authors: Middleton K.M. , English L.T.
Published: August 2014

Pterosaurs have fascinated scientists and nonscientists alike for over 200 years, as one of the three known clades of vertebrates to have evolved flapping flight. The smallest pterosaurs were comparable in size to the smallest extant birds and bats, but the largest pterosaurs were vastly larger than any extant flier. This immense size range, coupled with poor preservation and adaptations for flight unknown in extant vertebrates, have made interpretations of pterosaur flight problematic and often contentious. Here we review the anatomical, evolutionary, and phylogenetic history of pterosaurs, as well as the views, perspectives, and biases regarding their interpretation. In recent years, three areas of pterosaur biology have faced challenges and made advances: structure of the wing membrane, function of the pteroid, body size and mass estimates, as well as flight mechanics and aerodynamics. Comparative anatomical and fossil study, simulated bone loading, and aerodynamic modeling have all proved successful in furthering our understanding of pterosaur flight. We agree with previous authors that pterosaurs should be studied as pterosaurs, a diverse but phylogenetically, anatomically, and mechanically constrained clade that can offer new insights into the diversity of vertebrate flight.
Relativistic rotation curve for cosmological structures
Authors: Razbin Mohammadhosein , Firouzjaee Javad T. , Mansouri Reza
Published: August 2014

Using a general relativistic exact model for spherical structures in a cosmological background, we have put forward an algorithm to calculate the test particle geodesics within such cosmological structures in order to obtain the velocity profile of stars or galaxies. The rotation curve thus obtained is based on a density profile and is independent of any mass definition which is not unique in general relativity. It is then shown that this general relativistic rotation curves for a toy model and a NFW density profile are almost identical to the corresponding Newtonian one, although the general relativistic masses may be quite different.
2-adic properties for the numbers of involutions in the alternating groups
Authors: Koda Tatsuhiko , Sato Masaki , Takegahara Yugen
Published: August 2014

We study the 2-adic properties for the numbers of involutions in the alternative groups, and give an affirmative answer to a conjecture of Kim and Kim [A combinatorial approach to the power of 2 in the number of involutions, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A117 (2010) 1082–1094]. Some analogous and general results are also presented.
Finite groups with cyclic S-cofactors of subgroups
Authors: Yi Xiaolan
Published: August 2014

Let H be a subgroup of a finite group G. We use HsG to denote the S-core of H, that is, the subgroup of G generated by all those subgroups of H which are S-permutable in G. We say that H/HsG is the S-cofactor of H. In this paper we study G under restrictions on the S-cofactors of some subgroups of G.
Finite groups with few non-normal subgroups
Authors: Lu Jiakuan , Pang Linna , Qiu Yanyan
Published: August 2014

For a finite group G, let v(G) denote the number of conjugacy classes of all non-normal subgroups of G, and let π(G) denote the set of primes dividing the order of G. In this note, we shall classify the finite groups G with v(G) ≤ |π(G)|.
Non-inertial frames in Minkowski space-time, accelerated either mathematical or dynamical observers and comments on non-inertial relativistic quantum mechanics
Authors: Crater Horace W. , Lusanna Luca
Published: August 2014

After a review of the existing theory of non-inertial frames and mathematical observers in Minkowski space-time we give the explicit expression of a family of such frames obtained from the inertial ones by means of point-dependent Lorentz transformations as suggested by the locality principle. These non-inertial frames have non-Euclidean 3-spaces and contain the differentially rotating ones in Euclidean 3-spaces as a subcase. Then we discuss how to replace mathematical accelerated observers with dynamical ones (their world-lines belong to interacting particles in an isolated system) and how to define Unruh–DeWitt detectors without using mathematical Rindler uniformly accelerated observers. Also some comments are done on the transition from relativistic classical mechanics to relativistic quantum mechanics in non-inertial frames.
A new transmission model in cognitive radio based on cyclic generalized polynomial codes for bandwidth reduction
Authors: Azam Naveed Ahmed , Shah Tariq , de Andrade Antonio Aparecido
Published: August 2014

The frequency spectrums are inefficiently utilized and cognitive radio has been proposed for full utilization of these spectrums. The central idea of cognitive radio is to allow the secondary user to use the spectrum concurrently with the primary user with the compulsion of minimum interference. However, designing a model with minimum interference is a challenging task. In this paper, a transmission model based on cyclic generalized polynomial codes discussed in [2] and [15], is proposed for the improvement in utilization of spectrum. The proposed model assures a non interference data transmission of the primary and secondary users. Furthermore, analytical results are presented to show that the proposed model utilizes spectrum more efficiently as compared to traditional models.
Quantum Monte-Carlo simulation of FeAs-based superconductors
Authors: Kashurnikov Vladimir , Krasavin Andrey
Published: August 2014

The generalized quantum Monte Carlo algorithm is developed and used to calculate the energy, occupation numbers, and correlations functions of finite FeAs clusters in the two-orbital model at finite temperatures. The coding of quantum states made it possible to take into account complex exchange terms between the orbitals. The results for the calculation of the thermodynamic characteristics of finite two-dimensional FeAs clusters simulating iron-based superconductors have been obtained. The calculated correlation functions indicate the possibility of the effective attraction of charge carriers.
Climate Change, Extreme Events, and Hurricane Sandy: From Non-Stationary Climate to Non-Stationary Policy
Authors: Solecki William , Rosenzweig Cynthia
Published: August 2014

This paper illustrates and examines the development of a flexible climate adaptation approach and non-stationary climate policy in New York City in the post-Hurricane Sandy context. Extreme events, such as Hurricane Sandy, are presented as learning opportunities and create a policy window for outside-of-the-box solutions and experimentation. The research investigates the institutionalization of laws, standards, and codes that are required to reflect an increasingly dynamic set of local environmental stresses associated with climate change. The City of New York responded to Hurricane Sandy with a set of targeted adjustments to the existing infrastructure and building stock in a way that both makes it more resistant (i.e., strengthened) and resilient (i.e., responsive to stress) in the face of future extreme events. Post-Sandy New York experiences show that the conditions for a post-disaster flexible adaptation response exist, and evidence shows that the beginnings of a non-stationary policy generation process have been put into place. More broadly, post-disaster policy processes have been configured in New York to enable continuous co-production of knowledge by scientists and the community of decision-makers and stakeholders.
The Possible Role of the Novel Cytokines IL-35 and IL-37 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Li Yanmei , Wang Yanan , Liu Ying , Wang Yatian , Zuo Xiuli , Li Yanqing , Lu Xuefeng
Published: August 2014

Interleukin- (IL-) 35 and IL-37 are newly discovered immune-suppressing cytokines. They have been described in inflammatory diseases such as collagen-induced arthritis and asthma. However, their expressions in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have not been yet explored. Our aim was to evaluate serum and inflamed mucosal levels in IBD patients. In 20 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, 7 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients, and 15 healthy subjects, cytokine levels in serum were determined using ELISA and mucosal expression studies were performed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR, and Western blot. The results showed that serums IL-35 and IL-37 levels were significantly decreased in UC and CD patients compared with healthy subjects. The cytokines levels correlated inversely with UC activity. IL-35 was expressed in infiltrating immune cells while IL-37 in intestinal epithelial cells as well as inflammatory cells. IBD patients had significantly higherEbi3,p35(two subunits of IL-35), andIL-37bgene expressions; IL-35 and IL-37 protein expressions were higher in IBD patients compared with controls. The study showed that serums IL-35 and IL-37 might be potentially novel biomarkers for IBD. Intestinal IL-35 and IL-37 proteins are upregulated, suggesting that regulating the expression of the two cytokines may provide a new possible target for the treatment of IBD.
Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance during On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Mentese Umit , Dogan Orhan Veli , Turan Ibrahim , Usta Sefer , Dogan Emre , Oztas Mentese Seda , Demir Selim , Ozer Tanil , Aykan Ahmet Cagri , Alver Ahmet
Published: August 2014

Backround. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in perioperative oxidant-antioxidant balance in ONCABG.Methods. Twenty-three patients were included in this study. Serum total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values were assessed preoperatively, at 20 minutes after aortic clamping and at 30 minutes, 6 hours, and 48 hours after declamping (reperfusion). The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the median aortic cross clamping (XC) time: group 1 (XC time < 42 minutes) and group 2 (XC time ≥ 42 minutes).Results. TOS and OSI values of whole patients at 30 minutes after reperfusion were higher than preoperative values (P=0.045,P=0.015), while perioperative TAS levels of the patients were similar to the preoperative levels (P=0.173). XC time was correlated with TOS levels at 30 minutes after reperfusion (r=0.43,P=0.041). In group 2, TOS and OSI values at 30 minutes after reperfusion were higher than preoperative values (P=0.023,P=0.048), whereas a significant difference was not found in group 1 (P=0.601,P=0.327).Conclusions. Oxidative imbalance and increase in TOS at reperfusion in ONCABG may be associated with XC time.
Effects of Recombinant Human Thyrotropin Administration on 24-Hour Arterial Pressure in Female Undergoing Evaluation for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Rentziou Gianna , Saltiki Katerina , Manios Efstathios , Stamatelopoulos Kimon , Koroboki Eleni , Vemmou Anastasia , Mantzou Emily , Zakopoulos Nikolaos , Alevizaki Maria
Published: August 2014

Objective.Thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH) receptors are expressed in endothelial cells. We investigated whether elevated TSH levels after acute recombinant TSH (rhTSH) administration may result in alterations in blood pressure (BP) in premenopausal women with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).Designs.Thirty euthyroid DTC female patients were evaluated by rhTSH stimulation test (mean age40.4±8.6years). A 24 h ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) monitoring (24 hr ABPM) was performed on days 2-3(D2-3). TSH was measured on day 1(D1), day 3(D3), and day 5(D5). Central blood pressure was evaluated on D3. Twenty-three patients were studied 1–4 weeks earlier (basal measurements).Results.TSH levels were D1: median 0.2 mU/L, D3: median 115.0 mU/L, and D5: median 14.6 mU/L. There were no significant associations between TSH on D1 and D3 and any BP measurements. Median D5 office-SBP and 24 h SBP, DBP, and central SBP were correlated with D5-TSH (P<0.04). In those where a basal 24 h ABPM had been performed median pulse pressure was higher after rhTSH-test (P=0.02).Conclusions.TSH, when acutely elevated, may slightly increase SBP, DBP, and central SBP. This agrees with previous reports showing positive associations of BP with TSH.
A Class of Estimators for Finite Population Mean in Double Sampling under Nonresponse Using Fractional Raw Moments
Authors: Khan Manzoor , Shabbir Javid , Hussain Zawar , Al-Zahrani Bander
Published: August 2014

This paper presents new classes of estimators in estimating the finite population mean under double sampling in the presence of nonresponse when using information on fractional raw moments. The expressions for mean square error of the proposed classes of estimators are derived up to the first degree of approximation. It is shown that a proposed class of estimators performs better than the usual mean estimator, ratio type estimators, and Singh and Kumar (2009) estimator. An empirical study is carried out to demonstrate the performance of a proposed class of estimators.
Automatic Extraction System for Common Artifacts in EEG Signals Based on Evolutionary Stone’s BSS Algorithm
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed Kareem , Zhang Chao Zhu , Abdullah Ali Abdul Abbas , Lian Siyao
Published: August 2014

An automatic artifact extraction system is proposed based on a hybridization of Stone’s BSS and genetic algorithm. This hybridization is called evolutionary Stone’s BSS algorithm (ESBSS). Original Stone’s BSS used short‐ and long‐term half‐life parameters as constant values, and the changes in these parameters will be affecting directly the separated signals; also there is no way to determine the best parameters. The genetic algorithm is a suitable technique to overcome this problem by finding randomly the optimum half‐life parameters in Stone’s BSS. The proposed system is used to extract automatically the common artifacts such as ocular and heart beat artifacts from EEG mixtures without prejudice to the data; also there is no notch filter used in the proposed system in order not to lose any useful information.
Midsagittal Anatomy of Lumbar Lordosis in Adult Egyptians: MRI Study
Authors: Hegazy Abdelmonem A. , Hegazy Raafat A.
Published: August 2014

Despite the increasing recognition of the functional and clinical importance of lumbar lordosis, little is known about its description, particularly in Egypt. At the same time, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been introduced as a noninvasive diagnostic technique. The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomy of the lumbar lordosis using midsagittal MRIs. Normal lumbar spine MRIs obtained from 93 individuals (46 males, 47 females; 25–57 years old) were evaluated retrospectively. The lumbar spine curvature and its segments “vertebrae and discs” were described and measured. The lumbar lordosis angle (LLA) was larger in females than in males. Its mean values increased by age. The lumbar height (LH) was longer in males than in females. At the same time, the lumbar breadth (LB) was higher in females than in males. Lumbar index (LI = LB/LH × 100) showed significant gender differences (P<0.0001). Lordosis was formed by wedging of intervertebral discs and bodies of lower lumbar vertebrae. In conclusion, MRI might clearly reveal the anatomy of the lumbar lordosis. Use of LI in association with LLA could be useful in evaluation of lumbar lordosis.
Hypertensive Crisis, Burden, Management, and Outcome at a Tertiary Care Center in Karachi
Authors: Almas Aysha , Ghouse Ayaz , Iftikhar Ahmed Raza , Khursheed Munawwar
Published: August 2014

Objectives. Hypertension, if uncontrolled, can lead to hypertensive crisis. We aim to determine the prevalence of hypertensive crisis, its management, and outcome in patients presenting to a tertiary care center in Karachi.Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Adult inpatients (>18 yrs) presenting to the ER who were known hypertensive and had uncontrolled hypertension were included.Results. Out of 1336 patients, 28.6% (387) had uncontrolled hypertension. The prevalence of hypertensive crisis among uncontrolled hypertensive was 56.3% (218). Per oral calcium channel blocker; 35.4% (137) and intravenous nitrate; 22.7% (88) were the most commonly administered medication in the ER. The mean (SD) drop in SBP in patients with hypertensive crisis on intravenous treatment was 53.1 (29) mm Hg and on per oral treatment was 43 (27) mm Hg. The maximum mean (SD) drop in blood pressure was seen by intravenous sodium nitroprusside; 80 (51) mm Hg in SBP. Acute renal failure was the most common complication with a prevalence of 11.5% (24).Conclusion. The prevalence of hypertensive crisis is high. Per oral calcium channel blocker and intravenous nitrate are the most commonly administered medications in our setup.
Hydroboration of Substituted Cyclopropane: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Singh Satya Prakash , Thankachan Pompozhi Protasis
Published: August 2014

The hydroboration of substituted cyclopropanes has been investigated using the B3LYP density functional method employing 6-31G** basis set. Borane moiety approaching the cyclopropane ring has been reported. It is shown that the reaction proceeds via a three-centered, “loose” and “tight,” transition states when boron added to the cyclopropane across a bond to a substituents. Single point calculations at higher levels of theory were also performed at the geometries optimized at the B3LYP level, but only slight changes in the barriers were observed. Structural parameters for the transition state are also reported.
Philicity and Fugality Scales for Organic Reactions
Authors: Ormazábal-Toledo Rodrigo , Contreras Renato
Published: August 2014

Theoretical scales of reactivity and selectivity are important tools to explain and to predict reactivity patterns, including reaction mechanisms. The main achievement of these efforts has been the incorporation of such concepts in advanced texts of organic chemistry. In this way, the modern organic chemistry language has become more quantitative, making the classification of organic reactions an easier task. The reactivity scales are also useful to set up a number of empirical rules that help in rationalizing and in some cases anticipating the possible reaction mechanisms that can be operative in a given organic reaction. In this review, we intend to give a brief but complete account on this matter, introducing the conceptual basis that leads to the definition of reactivity indices amenable to build up quantitative models of reactivity in organic reactions. The emphasis is put on two basic concepts describing electron-rich and electron-deficient systems, namely, nucleophile and electrophiles. We then show that the regional nucleophilicity and electrophilicity become the natural descriptors of electrofugality and nucleofugality, respectively. In this way, we obtain a closed body of concepts that suffices to describe electron releasing and electron accepting molecules together with the description of permanent and leaving groups in addition, nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions.