bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The epistemic evolution of market authority: Big data, blockchain and China’s neostatist challenge to neoliberalism
Authors: Gruin Julian
Published: October 2020

Neoliberalism initially invoked the authority of competitive markets as the ideal epistemic mechanism for socio-economic coordination. Yet, the rise of neoliberal ‘market society’ in Western advanced economies since the 1970s has been underpinned by a normative political theory that advocates the reconfiguration of society and politics around the authority of economic theory and knowledge in both production, but especially finance. Conversely, the reform-era development of China’s ‘socialist market economy’ has been underpinned by an insistence on retaining centralized political power over the allocation of financial capital. This article argues that the rise of digital algorithmic technologies constitutes one means by which these contrasting politico-economic visions are being more closely reconciled. It investigates the ways in which China’s ongoing construction of an explicitly authoritarian capitalism is being facilitated by the deployment of complementary financial technologies that enable the Chinese Communist Party to embrace the micro-level epistemic coordinative function of markets without relinquishing macro-level political power and juridical sovereignty over these markets. Following a comparative historiography of the praxis of ‘neoliberal’ and ‘neostatist’ political theory in contemporary capitalism, two case studies of blockchain-enabled currency and big-data driven credit scoring in China illustrate the emergent Fintech foundations of Chinese authoritarian capitalism. The findings contribute to our understanding of how markets are being reshaped by new algorithmic technologies, as well as illuminate some of ideological contradictions in existing conceptions of markets as (neo)liberal institutions at the centre of capitalist political economy.
Intrapreneurship: Productive and Non-Productive
Authors: Elert Niklas , Stenkula Mikael
Published: October 2020

Researchers increasingly recognize that entrepreneurial employees, intrapreneurs, play a critical role in innovation. As with regular entrepreneurship, however, the value of intrapreneurial activity depends on the firm-specific and societal reward structures that intrapreneurs face. Ideally, these rules of the game are such that they reward intrapreneurship that is beneficial for the firm and the economy. When this is not the case, intrapreneurship can be beneficial for the firm but not for society, damaging for the firm yet beneficial for society, or downright non-productive. We offer a taxonomy describing how society’s rules and firm rules interact to produce different intrapreneurial outcomes.
Dual-Income Couples’ Gender Role Attitudes, Paid Leave Use, and Second-Birth Intentions
Authors: Hwang Woosang
Published: October 2020

This study examined whether dual-income couples’ gender role attitudes are associated with their paid leave use and second-birth intentions. Forty employed wives who returned to the workplace after childbirth and their employed husbands were recruited from the Central New York area. Actor–partner interdependence model path analysis was used to test the above associations at the dyadic level. This study found two indirect effects: Paid leave use mediated not only the relationship between husbands’ egalitarian gender role attitudes and their own second-birth intentions, but also the relationship between husbands’ egalitarian gender role attitudes and their wives’ second-birth intentions as well. This study suggests that enhancing husbands’ egalitarian gender role attitudes can be a possible solution for increasing their paid leave use and couples’ subsequent fertility intentions. This study provides insight regarding benefits of paid leave for researchers and policymakers.
Driving Out Fear in the Nontraditional Classroom: Five Practical Strategies From Neuroscience to Build Adult Student Success
Authors: Spagnola Robert , Yagos Tom
Published: October 2020

Although enrollment of nontraditional students in higher education is skyrocketing, the failure rate of these students is staggering. They come to a university full of fear and misgivings for a variety of reasons, and it keeps them from succeeding. Referencing the neuroscience of fear, this article offers practical strategies for university educators that will help nontraditional students, not only succeed but also flourish in higher education.
Estimate buried metal pipe length using PZT detected stress wave reflection
Authors: Xu Chuan , Luo Mingzhang , Hei Chuang , Song Gangbing
Published: October 2020

A roadway guardrail, as the driver’s last safety barrier, is an important part of a transportation system. The buried depth of the metal pipe directly determines the bearing capacity of the guardrail during an impact. It is important to estimate the buried depth during the inspection of a guardrail system. In this paper, we proposed an original method by integrating wavelet denoising, multiple self-correlation analysis (MSA) and energy spectrum analysis (ESA) to estimate the length of buried metal pipe based on the stress wave reflection. The stress wave is initiated by an impact on the exposed end of the buried pipe and stress wave reflection is detected by a PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) transducer. To execute the proposed method, firstly, Wavelet denoising is used to process the reflected stress wave signal to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Then, the MSA detects the major frequency of the reflected signal. At last, the ESA extracts the time interval between the reflected signal and the excitation signal with the help of Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) that acquires the frequency band where the reflected signal is located. Experimental verifications were carried out, and two different lengths of buried metal pipes are selected to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can accurately extract the length of buried metal pipes. The superiority of the proposed method over the traditional methods, such as Peak-Peak Discriminance (PPD) and Phase Analysis Method (PAM), is demonstrated by experimental comparative studies.
How to Recruit, Support, and Retain Speech-Language Pathologists in Public Schools
Authors: Farquharson Kelly , Therrien Michelle , Barton-Hulsey Andrea , Brandt Ann F.
Published: October 2020

Over the past two decades, there has been a persistent shortage of qualified speech-language pathologists (SLPs) across the United States. This shortage is predicted to continue, as data reported by the American Speech Language Hearing Association (ASHA) from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates that there will be a 27% increase in job openings through the year 2028. In some states, the shortage has led to service provision from individuals without a background in speech-language pathology and/or without speech-language pathology certification and licensure. Speech and language services that are delivered by unqualified personnel may lead to inadequate time devoted to therapy—either too much, or too little—which is ultimately unethical, illegal, and expensive. However, there is a real issue at hand for school leadership—and that is: How to recruit, support, and retain highly qualified SLPs? In the current tutorial, we will provide evidence-based action steps for how and why to recruit, support, and retain certified and licensed SLPs. Specifically, we discuss the qualifications of the SLP, roles and responsibilities of school-based SLPs, caseload versus workload considerations, various service delivery models, and a review of SLP job satisfaction research. Throughout the tutorial, we will provide concrete and evidence-based ideas for school leadership to consider when recruiting, supporting, and retaining SLPs.
Safety and financial analysis of outpatient dose-adjusted EPOCH for B-cell lymphoma at a tertiary comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Li Wenhui , Richter Katherine A , Tobon Katherine A , McCarthy Kevin T , Kubal Timothy E
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Dose-adjusted (DA-) EPOCH (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin) is a front-line treatment option for aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Due to regimen complexity, inpatient administration of DA-EPOCH has been historically required. Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC) developed an Inpatient/Outpatient (IPOP) program to facilitate administration of complicated regimens in the outpatient setting. We hypothesized that outpatient administration of DA-EPOCH at a comprehensive cancer center is both safe and cost-effective.

Methods

We conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review including B-cell lymphoma patients who were 18 years or older and who had received DA-EPOCH at MCC from April 26, 2017 through August 10, 2019. The primary endpoint was hospital admissions during outpatient chemotherapy administration. Additional safety endpoints included hospitalizations between cycles, infectious complications, extravasations, drug spills, pump-malfunctions, and drug-related adverse events. Financial analysis included drug cost, resource utilization, and impact of hospital bed backfill.

Results

56 patients received 219 cycles of DA-EPOCH with 193 cycles administered outpatient. Zero patients required hospitalization during outpatient administration of DA-EPOCH, resulting in 965 saved hospital days. 23 patients (41%) were hospitalized between cycles, most commonly due to neutropenic fever (52%). No extravasations were documented throughout the study period. There were few incidences of drug spills or pump malfunctions. Based on current regimen utilization, the annual transition of 84 cycles of DA-EPOCH to the outpatient setting has a positive impact on margin of $1,444,548.

Conclusions

Routine outpatient administration of DA-EPOCH is both safe and feasible with a positive annual impact on margin of $1,444,548 at a comprehensive cancer center.
Symmetry-adapted tight-binding electronic structure analysis of carbon nanotubes with defects, kinks, twist, and stretch
Authors: Mukherjee Soumya , Pourmatin Hossein , Wang Yang , Breitzman Timothy , Dayal Kaushik
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a symmetry-adapted method is applied to examine the influence of deformation and defects on the electronic structure and band structure in carbon nanotubes. First, the symmetry-adapted approach is used to develop the analog of Bloch waves. Building on this, the technique of perfectly matched layers is applied to develop a method to truncate the computational domain of electronic structure calculations without spurious size effects. This provides an efficient and accurate numerical approach to compute the electronic structure and electromechanics of defects in nanotubes. The computational method is applied to study the effect of twist, stretch, and bending, with and without various types of defects, on the band structure of nanotubes. Specifically, the effect of stretch and twist on band structure in defect-free conducting and semiconducting nanotubes is examined, and the interaction with vacancy defects is elucidated. Next, the effect of localized bending or kinking on the electronic structure is studied. Finally, the paper examines the effect of 5–8–5 Stone–Wales defects. In all of these settings, the perfectly matched layer method enables the calculation of localized non-propagating defect modes with energies in the bandgap of the defect-free nanotube.
Children With ADHD Are at Risk for a Broad Array of Adverse Adult Outcomes That Cross Functional Domains: Results From a Population-Based Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Harstad Elizabeth B. , Katusic Slavica , Sideridis Georgios , Weaver Amy L. , Voigt Robert G. , Barbaresi William J.
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To identify patterns (“classes”) of outcomes for adults with and without childhood ADHD.

Method:

Subjects were 232 childhood ADHD cases and 335 non-ADHD referents from a 1976 to 1982 birth cohort. We used latent class analyses to identify classes based on a broad array of adult psychosocial outcomes and determined the proportion of subjects with childhood ADHD within each class.

Results:

A three class solution provided optimal model fit; classes were termed “good,” “intermediate,” and “poor” functioning. Subjects with childhood ADHD comprised 62.8% of the “poor,” 53.5% of the “intermediate,” and 24.9% of the “good” functioning class. The “poor” functioning class was distinguished by increased likelihood of legal trouble and substance use disorders and included more individuals with childhood ADHD and psychiatric disorder than the “intermediate” class (45.5% vs. 30.6%).

Conclusion:

Children with ADHD are at risk for adverse adult outcomes in multiple domains and co-morbid childhood psychiatric disorders increase risk.
Effect of capsular tension ring on refractive results in cases with pseudoexfoliation syndrome
Authors: Kandemir Besek Nilay , Gumus Gulsah , Karabulut Gamze Ozturk , Nacaroglu Senay Asik , Kirgiz Ahmet , Kepez Yildiz Burcin , Agca Alper
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

To investigate the effect of capsular tension rings (CTRs) on postoperative refractive results in patients with pseudoexfoliation (PSX) syndrome.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty-nine patients with PSX syndrome who had uncomplicated cataract surgery between March 2016 and February 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups. The 35 patients in Group 1 received CTRs prior to intraocular lens implantation during cataract surgery, and the 34 patients in Group 2 had cataract surgery without CTRs. Significant zonular weakness, uncontrolled glaucoma, and ocular pathologies causing low visual acuity were excluded. The preoperative and postoperative keratometry and autorefraction measurements, preoperative expected refractive values, and absolute refractive error were recorded.

Results:

The mean ages of patients were 73.54 ± 9.78 years in Group 1 and 72.23 ± 6.72 years in Group 2 ( p = 0.521). There was no statistically significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 in terms of expected preoperative refraction values (–0.52 ± 0.12,–0.56 ± 0.08, respectively, p = 0.118). There was a statistically significant difference in postoperative spherical equivalent values between Group 1 and Group 2 (–0.05 ± 0.97 and −0.92 ± 0.57, respectively, p < 0.01). A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of absolute refractive error (0.46 ± 0.74 in Group 1 and −0.34 ± 0.59 in Group 2 p < 0.01).

Conclusion:

CTR implantation causes hyperopic shift, which should be taken into consideration when calculating the lens power of intraocular lens in patients with PSX syndrome.
Choroidal, macular and ganglion cell layer thickness assessment in Caucasian children measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Del-Prado-Sánchez Cristina , Seijas-Leal Olga , Gili-Manzanaro Pablo , Ferreiro-López Juan , Yangüela-Rodilla Julio , Arias-Puente Alfonso
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

To study the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), macular ganglion cell layer (GCL-IPL) and central macular thickness (CMT) in Caucasian children, and to analyze these optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters depending on the spherical equivalent (SE).

Methods:

Cross-sectional study of SFCT, GCL-IPL, and CMT in Caucasian children, analyzed with spectral-domain OCT Cirrus 5000 and Enhanced-depth imaging technique. Correlation between these three OCT parameters, age, sex, and spherical equivalent was analyzed. The eyes were classified into three groups: group 1 included eyes with SE < 0, group 2 included eyes with SE between 0 and +2.00, and group 3 eyes with SE > +2.00.

Results:

Hundred ninety-eight eyes of 121 subjects were studied. The mean age was 9.22 years (range 3–16); 61.1% were female. The mean SFCT was 351.04 ± 84.08 µm, being 310.04 ± 82.84µm in group 1 (n = 62), 373.14 ± 83.16 µm in group 2 (n = 71) and 365.18 ± 73.16 µm in group 3 ( n = 65); statistically significant differences were found between groups 2 and 3, compared with group 1. GCL-IPL thickness was significantly thinner ( p < 0.001) in group 1, compared with group 3. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups regarding CMT. Correlation with age, and sex was not found.

Conclusions:

SFCT and GCL-IPL thickness were significantly thinner ( p < 0.001) in myopic children when compared with a non-myopic pediatric population. However, it seems that there is not a correlation among the three OCT parameters studied, age and sex, when they are analyzed depending on refractive error.
Multimodal imaging in IRVAN syndrome presenting with Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Zina Sourour , Ksiaa Imen , Abdelhedi Chiraz , Ben Amor Hager , Attia Sonia , Khochtali Sana , Khairallah Moncef
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

To describe multimodal imaging ﬁndings in a patient with idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome presenting with branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO).

Case description:

A 33-year-old woman presented with acute BRAO in the right eye. A diagnosis of underlying IRVAN syndrome was made based on the presence of arteriolar aneurysms on the optic disc and along major arterioles and faint retinal hard exudates in both eyes. Eight months later, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. The hard exudates had increased, and there were extensive areas of peripheral retinal capillary nonperfusion without new vessels. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a localized retinal thinning corresponding to the prior BRAO. Fundus autofluorescence showed nodulo-linear periarterial hypoautofluorescence. OCT angiography (OCTA) showed localized ischemic changes, mainly involving the deep capillary plexus, corresponding to the area of resolved BRAO. It also clearly delineated the optic disc aneurysms. The patient received bilateral scatter laser photocoagulation directed to areas of peripheral capillary nonperfusion. Over a 6-month follow-up period, visual acuity remained unchanged, and there was no evidence of disease progression.

Conclusion:

Multimodal imaging, including fundus autofluorescence, OCT, and OCTA can provide additional valuable information in the evaluation of IRVAN syndrome complicated with BRAO.
Modified Y- split and recession of medial rectus muscles in convergence excess esotropia
Authors: Bagheri Abbas , Abbasnia Ehsan , Tavakoli Mehdi
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

The convergence excess esotropia (CEET) is defined when near esotropia is greater than the distance by at least 10 PD while the eye is corrected with the full cycloplegic refraction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of a modified technique of Y- split recession of the medial rectus muscles on CEET.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study on patients diagnosed with CEET. The surgery included longitudinally dividing the medial rectus muscles into two equal halves and re-attaching them in a recessed and one-tendon width apart position. Success was defined as a residual distance and near esotropia of less than 10 PD and a distance-near disparity of less than 5 PD.

Results:

Fourteen patients, including 8 (57.1%) females, were enrolled with a mean age of 7.1 ± 2.9 years. The mean follow-up period was 28.6 ± 12.1 months. The mean preoperative distance and near esotropia was 31 ± 10 and 45 ± 11.3 PD respectively that decreased to 2.4 ± 3 and 3.6 ± 3.8 PD at the final visit ( p < 0.001). The Mean distance-near disparity of esotropia was 14 ± 4.5 PD before the operation that decreased to 1.3 ± 1.8 PD at the final visit ( p < 0.001). The motor success rate was 78.6%, bifocal glasses were no more required in 92.9% of patients, and stereopsis improved in 35.7% of patients after the surgery.

Conclusion:

Bilateral modified Y- split and recession of the medial rectus muscle is an effective technique for the treatment of CEET with persistent outcomes in the long-term follow-up.
In search of labral restoration function with hip arthroscopy: outcomes of hip labral reconstruction versus labral repair: a systematic review
Authors: Maldonado David R , Kyin Cynthia , Chen Sarah L , Rosinksy Philip J , Shapira Jacob , Meghpara Mitchell B , Lall Ajay C , Domb Benjamin G
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

To perform a systematic review comparing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients who underwent hip arthroscopy with labral repair versus labral reconstruction in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and labral tears.

Methods:

A systematic review of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed in May 2020 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and checklist. Articles were included in the analysis if they compared PROs between a labral repair and labral reconstruction cohort. For all PROs, the standardised mean difference (SMD) was calculated to compare the effect size of labral repair and labral reconstruction.

Results:

10 comparative studies, with 582 reconstruction cases and 631 repair cases, were included in this analysis. The mean age for the reconstruction and the repair groups ranged from 27.0 years to 52.6 years and 27.5 years to 47.0 years, respectively. The mean follow-up for the reconstruction and the repair groups ranged from 24.0 months to 66.0 months and 24.0 months to 71.0 months, respectively. The modified Harris Hip Scores (mHHS) was favourable in 8 reconstruction studies (range 80.4–95.0) and 9 repair studies (range 84.1–93.0). Average NAHS scores for the repair and reconstruction cohorts ranged from 77.9–88.6 and 73.9–92.4, respectively. Additionally, the effect sizes regarding NAHS and mHHS scores were large (SMD > 0.8) in both the reconstruction and repair groups for the majority of studies. Finally, reconstruction patients underwent a subsequent total hip arthroplasty (THA) at a slightly higher rate.

Conclusions:

In the setting of FAIS and labral tears, patients who underwent hip arthroscopy may expect significant improvement in PROs at short-term follow-up with either labral repair or labral reconstruction. Although, not statistically significant, the repair group trended towards higher scores and exhibited a lower risk of conversion to THA.
A Clinicoepidemiological Study of Melanoma in Young Patients (20 Years of Age or Less) in Alberta, Canada, From 1992 to 2011
Authors: AlZahrani Fatmah , Kuzel Paul , Metelitsa Andrei , Smylie Michael , Dover Douglas , Fiorillo Loretta
Published: October 2020

The epidemiological trends of malignant melanoma have been well described in the literature. However, there remains a paucity of population-based studies assessing melanoma epidemiology in our younger patients (20 years of age or less). Other studies indicate that melanoma incidence has risen in pediatric populations over the last several decades and that these tumors may display different clinical characteristics from those arising in adult populations. We conducted a retrospective, population-based analysis of all incident cases of melanoma occurring in young patients aged ≤20 years in Alberta from 1992 to 2011. Information, including patient age, sex, anatomical location, date of diagnosis, histological subtype (if available), level of invasion, and date of death (if applicable), was obtained from the Alberta Cancer Registry. All cases occurring during a 10-year period from 1993 to 2011 have been reviewed. A total of 71 cases were diagnosed during this time (63% female and 37% male). Age range was 0-20 years (mean of 17.5 years). Truncal melanomas made up 36% of cases, while 28% occurred on the lower limbs, 17% on the upper limbs, and 18% in the head and neck region. Average Breslow thickness was 1.97 mm; 67% of tumors were less than 1 mm thick. Unfortunately, 8 of 71 patients died from their disease. Overall, the incidence of melanoma in patients aged ≤20 years appeared to decrease in Alberta in the past 20 years; however, there has been an increase in the thickness of melanoma at diagnosis, which needs to be addressed.
Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis in children aged 5 to 11 years: A qualitative study
Authors: Brigden Amberly , Shaw Alison , Anderson Emma , Crawley Esther
Published: October 2020

Treatments for paediatric chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) have not been designed or evaluated for younger children (5–11-years). The development of a complex intervention for this population requires an in-depth understanding of the perspectives and psychosocial context of children and families. Children with CFS/ME (5–11-years) and their families were recruited from a specialist CFS/ME service, and interviewed using semi-structured topic guides. Data were analysed thematically. Twenty-two participants were interviewed; eight parents, two children (aged nine and ten) and six parent-child dyads (aged 5–11-years). Theme 1: CFS/ME in younger children is complex and disabling. Theme 2: Children aged eight and over (in comparison to those under eight) were more able to describe their illness, engage in clinical consultation, understand diagnosis and self-manage. Theme 3: Parents of children under eight took full responsibility for their child’s treatment. As children got older, this increasingly became a joint effort between the parent and child. Parents felt unsupported in their caring role. Clinicians should consider different treatment approaches for children under eight, focusing on: parent-only clinical sessions, training parents to deliver treatment, and increasing support for parents. Children over eight may benefit from tools to help them understand diagnosis, treatment and aids for self-management.
“God is a painter”: How Jewish Ultra-Orthodox art therapists and clients perceive mental health treatment
Authors: Podolsky-Krupper Chana , Goldner Limor
Published: October 2020

The current study examined the ways in which 14 art therapists and adult clients from the Ultra-Orthodox sector in Israel perceive mental health and mental health treatment. Semi-structured interviews were subjected to an interpretative phenomenological analysis to capture the meaning ascribed to the treatment and its challenges. Four themes emerged: the perception of mental health as related to the centrality of functioning, purposefulness, and emotional balance; the specific challenges of therapy, in terms of suspicion regarding treatment and difficulties in establishing intimacy and self-disclosure; the interplay between the worlds of therapy and religion; and the intersection of art and religion. The discussion centers on an interpretation of the findings in light of the ontological typology of individualism versus collectivism.
Fire police: A statutory comparison of the operational nexus between law enforcement and the fire service in six states
Authors: Attwood Wesley R.
Published: October 2020

The disciplines of law enforcement and fire–rescue services have maintained a tradition of performing separately but together in terms of cohesion at the emergency scene. This can be attributed to differing operational focuses and organizational culture, leaving a response gap in unified command and functional response efforts. In order to bridge this cohesion gap, several states have implemented legislation that establishes an operational nexus between the two disciplines. Known as “fire police” in corresponding law, these personnel perform duties that draw upon specialized knowledge and practice in firefighting and police powers. Although these specialized personnel have been used for the past several decades, a void remains in academic discourse of the duties they perform, the powers they maintain for exercise, and where they fit in the emergency response picture. This investigation focuses on fire police within the United States and performs a statutory comparison of the states where they exist to provide a better understanding of their role.
Wands up! Internet-mediated social advocacy organizations and youth-oriented connective action
Authors: McInroy Lauren B , Beer Oliver WJ
Published: October 2020

Internet-mediated social advocacy organizations (IMSAOs) have advanced over the past two decades. These organizations differ significantly from traditional “brick-and-mortar” non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in terms of institutional structure and some of the tactics employed to leverage both collective and connective action. Connective action may have particular relevance for young people, whose civic engagement tends to be personalized through Internet-enabled information and communication technologies—contradicting narratives implying youth are apathetic or disinterested in political and social movements. This article considers the potential significance of IMSAOs in terms of participation in social advocacy efforts, drawing on organizations leveraging fan activism—particularly the Harry Potter Alliance—as a youth-oriented example. While IMSAOs may serve as platforms and mechanisms for social debate and meaningful change by engaging young people as active stakeholders, empirical research on these emerging organizations is required.
Between militants and “mafia”: Interrupting dispossession in rural Pakistan
Authors: Raza Shozab
Published: October 2020

In 2000, one of Pakistan’s largest social movements began: a tenant struggle for land rights on the country’s military farms. Though the military tried to subdue the movement, it eventually succeeded insofar as many tenants stopped paying rent. As a result, villagers experienced a generalized (albeit uneven) prosperity. Certain movement leaders, in particular, became especially wealthy, relocating from their mud houses to big bungalows, replacing their motorbikes with SUVs, and transitioning from tenant farming to lucrative businesses in nearby cities. They also started moving around with armed security, allying with urban elites, and entering Pakistan’s major political parties. Rumors also began spreading that some leaders were using violence or intimidation to accumulate this political-economic power. In the movement’s afterlife, ordinary villagers began to wonder: were their leaders still committed to militantly pursuing villagers’ collective interests? Or were they now using the movement for their own private, even criminal, ambitions?
Developing sustainable tourism through public-private partnership to alleviate poverty in Ghana
Authors: Geoffrey Deladem Tamakloe , Xiao Zhongdong , Siueia Tito Tomas , Doku Spencer , Tettey Isaac
Published: October 2020

Encouraging sustainable tourism is an essential aspect of driving economic growth, social responsibility and safeguarding the ecology. This study, therefore, aimed at examining how Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in sustainable tourism development helps eradicate poverty in tourism host communities. A qualitative design was employed by using a semi-structured interview to collect primary data from experts from diverse backgrounds using both purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The findings were thematically analysed and discussed by focusing on general issues related to sustainable tourism and how PPP implementation in the tourism sector has impacted on the economic, social and environmental conditions of the tourism destination areas in Ghana. The findings indicate that the potential of PPP development for long-term economic infrastructural needs of tourism destination have not been sufficiently realized. We suggest that the sole involvement of the private sector and a poor commitment from government has led to a failure to create enough jobs to improve prosperity among the local people in these tourism host communities. Nonetheless, PPP development and implementation have improved the preservation of traditional values, cultural heritage and inter-cultural tolerance in the tourism destination areas. As a result, tourism host communities have seen a positive impact on intercultural interaction, business activities, entrepreneurial development and economic empowerment to eradicate poverty in the host communities. Commitment and the poor involvement of the tourism host communities can have long-term negative effects on poverty eradication in the locales.
Endothelial prostaglandin D2 opposes angiotensin II contractions in mouse isolated perfused intracerebral microarterioles
Authors: Li L , Lai EY , Cao X , Welch WJ , Wilcox CS
Published: October 2020

Hypothesis:

A lack of contraction of cerebral microarterioles to Ang II (“resilience”) depends on cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipocalin type prostaglandin D sythase L-PGDS producing PGD2 that activates prostaglandin D type 1 receptors (DP1Rs) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS).

Materials & Methods:

Contractions were assessed in isolated, perfused vessels and NO by fluorescence microscopy.

Results:

The mRNAs of penetrating intraparenchymal cerebral microarterioles versus renal afferent arterioles were >3000-fold greater for L-PGDS and DP1R and 5-fold for NOS III and COX 2. Larger cerebral arteries contracted with Ang II. However, cerebral microarterioles were entirely unresponsive but contracted with endothelin 1 and perfusion pressure. Ang II contractions were evoked in cerebral microarterioles from COX1 –/– mice or after blockade of COX2, L-PGDS or NOS and in deendothelialized vessels but effects of deendothelialization were lost during COX blockade. NO generation with Ang II depended on COX and also was increased by DP1R activation.

Conclusion:

The resilience of cerebral arterioles to Ang II contractions is specific for intraparenchymal microarterioles and depends on endothelial COX1 and two products that are metabolized by L-PGDS to generate PGD2 that signals via DP1Rs and NO.
Time reversibility of Lamb waves in thin plates with surface-bonded piezoelectric transducers is temperature invariant at the best reconstruction frequency
Authors: Sharma Bhabagrahi Natha , Kapuria Santosh , Arockiarajan A
Published: October 2020

The Lamb wave time-reversal method has been widely proposed as a baseline-free method for damage detection in thin-walled structures. Under varying thermal environments, it would require that the time reversibility of Lamb waves is temperature invariant. In this study, we examine the temperature dependence of Lamb waves and its time reversibility using experiments and finite element simulations on isotropic plates with surface-bonded piezoelectric wafer transducers for actuation and sensing. The study is conducted at three different temperatures of the system from 25°C to 75°C for a wide range of excitation frequency. The results indicate that the time reversibility can undergo significant changes due to temperature variations depending on the excitation frequency. However, at the best reconstruction frequency corresponding to the maximum similarity of the reconstructed signal with the original input signal (proposed recently as the probing frequency), the change in the percent similarity with temperature is insignificant. The results also demonstrate that changes in the physical properties of both adhesive layers and piezoelectric transducers with temperature play a dominant role in influencing Lamb wave amplitudes. However, only the change in the characteristics of the adhesive layers is responsible for the temperature dependence of the time reversibility of Lamb waves.
The path to human rights in Romania: Emergent voice(s) of legal mobilization in prisons
Authors: Dâmboeanu Cristina , Pricopie Valentina , Thiemann Alina
Published: October 2020

Starting from the premise that a better understanding of the legal efforts to implement European norms regarding human rights in prisons cannot overlook prisoners’ subjective experiences of rights, this article addresses the issue of prisoners’ complaints in Romania. Using survey data on a sample of 557 prisoners, it first seeks to examine how often prisoners lodge formal complaints and on what grounds, and how their complaints are framed. Second, employing models drawn from the legal mobilization literature, it tries to identify which are the individual and institutional determinants of prisoners’ complaints. Third, based on a unique qualitative (content) analysis of the comments prisoners made at the end of the survey, the article examines how prisoners articulate their discourse on rights’ claims. The article concludes by pointing to the relevance of institutional status variables as determinants of prisoners’ complaints and to the development of prisoners’ discourse embracing legal and procedural languages.
Prefabrication 4.0: BIM-aided design of sustainable DIY-oriented houses
Authors: Ostrowska-Wawryniuk Karolina
Published: October 2020

In the context of continuous housing shortage, increasing construction standards and rising labour costs, one of the possibilities to address this array of problems is prefabrication directed towards do-it-yourself (DIY) construction methods. This paper presents a prototype tool for aiding the design of DIY-oriented single-family houses with the use of small-element timber prefabrication. The introduced solution uses the potential of BIM technology for adapting a traditionally designed house to the prefabrication requirements and reduction of waste generated in the assembly process. The experimental tool was developed in the Autodesk Revit software. It incorporates custom Dynamo-for-Revit scripts. The experimental tool implemented the user- and technology-specified boundary conditions and converted an input BIM model into a prefabricated alternative. The tool was tested on the design of a two-story single-family house. The results compare the automated optimized panelization with manual approach. The simulation revealed the possibility of the construction waste reduction by at least 50% when comparing to the non-optimized panelization.
Data Mining and Machine Learning Retention Models in Higher Education
Authors: Cardona Tatiana , Cudney Elizabeth A. , Hoerl Roger , Snyder Jennifer
Published: October 2020

This study presents a systematic review of the literature on the predicting student retention in higher education through machine learning algorithms based on measures such as dropout risk, attrition risk, and completion risk. A systematic review methodology was employed comprised of review protocol, requirements for study selection, and analysis of paper classification. The review aims to answer the following research questions: (1) what techniques are currently used to predict student retention rates, (2) which techniques have shown better performance under specific contexts?, (3) which factors influence the prediction of completion rates in higher education?, and (4) what are the challenges with predicting student retention? Increasing student retention in higher education is critical in order to increase graduation rates. Further, predicting student retention provides insight into opportunities for intentional student advising. The review provides a research perspective related to predicting student retention using machine learning through several key findings such as the identification of the factors utilized in past studies and methodologies used for prediction. These findings can be used to develop more comprehensive studies to further increase the prediction capability and; therefore, develop strategies to improve student retention.
Dynamic stab resistance of multi-ply three-dimensional warp interlock fabrics with high-performance high-molecular-weight polyethylene yarns for protective applications
Authors: Li Mengru , Wang Peng , Boussu François , Soulat Damien
Published: October 2020

Fabrics constructed from 3 D warp interlock fabrics (3DWIFs) structures provide varying flexibility and durability and are promising structures for protective applications. However, its performance toward stab resistance from knife attack should be investigated before applying. In this work, the influences of fabric architectures, ply orientation of stacking sequences, and the number of fabric plies on the dynamic stab resistance are comparatively studied on high-molecular-weight polyethylene (HMWPE) 3DWIFs. It indicates that 3DWIF with orthogonal and through-the-thickness interlock structure reveals a helpful influence on stab resistance. Further investigation on the influence of different ply orientation of stacking sequences, based on the combination of fabrics placed at different angles, is analyzed showing a certain influence of stab resistance. Dynamic stab resistance reveals the linear correlation with a low number of fabric plies (less than 6 plies), but shows a parabolic relationship with the increase of fabric plies (more than 16 plies) until there is no penetration.
Study of the potential use of the invasive marine algae Undaria pinnatifida in the preliminary development of a functional textile
Authors: Martinez Maria Alejandra , Becherucci Maria Eugenia
Published: October 2020

Seaweeds are considered to be an important source of relevant chemical substances or bioactive compounds of great usefulness in the medical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical or food industry. Recently, some seaweed had been used to produce or incorporate in fibers in order to manufacture technical textiles in which functional ingredient of the seaweed are exploited in the health and body care area. The brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida (Undaria) has an important nutritive value being consumed as food in several Asian countries. As well Undaria is required in cosmetic or dermatology medicine given the presence of other bioactive chemical substances known as phycocolloids. The objective of this study was to explore the potential use of Undaria in a preliminary development of a functional textile. A soft bilaminate textile with a high crease recovery and an efficient release of mucilage, was achieved using a fine dust (particle of <0.26 mm) of Undaria between two layers of nonwoven. The best combination of the two layers of nonwoven was laminate and fine spundbond. The extract of Undaria used in our experimentation had minerals and vitamins with positive effect to the human skin, besides it is no irritant when applied to healthy or abraded skin. Further research focused in the incorporation of this alga in nonwoven fibers is required. We expect to obtain a textile with a dermatologic use in the near future; so as to turn Undaria into a resource susceptible to exploitation given the specie is considered a worldwide plague.
Is Negative Campaigning a Matter of Taste? Political Attacks, Incivility, and the Moderating Role of Individual Differences
Authors: Nai Alessandro , Maier Jürgen
Published: October 2020

We test how individual differences moderate the attitudinal effects of attack politics in two online experiments among US respondents, surveyed through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk ( N = 1,408 and N = 1,081). Study 1 tests the moderating effect of personality traits (Big Five, Dark Triad) on the effectiveness of character vs. policy attacks. Study 2 investigates the difference between civil and uncivil attacks and explores the moderating effect of Big Five, Dark Triad, tolerance to negativity and conflict avoidance. Results suggest that the effects of negativity and incivility are not uniform across all respondents. For instance, evaluations of the sponsor are more negative after exposure to negative messages for respondents high in conflict avoidance; respondents high in psychopathy are more likely to have a more negative opinion of the target after being exposed to character attacks, whereas incivility worsen the perception of the target for individuals low in conflict avoidance and agreeableness. Harsher campaigns, in other terms, work particularly well for some – and are particularly rejected by others. The implications of these trends are discussed.
Spinal arteriovenous fistula located in the filum terminale externa: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ryu Bikei , Sato Shinsuke , Mochizuki Tatsuki , Niimi Yasunari
Published: October 2020

A filum terminale arteriovenous fistula (FTAVF) is an extremely rare spinal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and typically presents with myelopathy and conus medullaris syndrome caused by venous congestion in the spinal cord. Most reported FTAVFs are intradural pial AVFs with perimedullary drainage in the filum terminale interna. However, there are no reports of AVFs in the filum terminale externa (FTE). We describe a case involving a 68-year-old man with an AVF in the FTE who presented with progressive myelopathy and underwent successful endovascular treatment. We identified the specific shunt point by fusing postoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance images. The features of the extradural sac AVF developed in the FTE may mimic those of a dural AVF with dural supply to the FTE covered by the dural component, unlike typical FTAVFs where the shunt develops at the pia mater. This case makes a significant contribution to the field by increasing the understanding of the clinical characteristics of an AVF that develops in the FTE and its angioarchitecture.
Are relative age and biological ages associated with coaches’ evaluations of match performance in male academy soccer players?
Authors: Hill Megan , Scott Sam , McGee Darragh , Cumming Sean P
Published: October 2020

Talent identification and selection in soccer has been shown to be confounded by individual differences in relative age and biological maturation. Limited research has however, investigated whether these effects are reflected in coaches’ evaluations of performance. This study investigated relative and biological age associated differences in coach perceptions of performance in a professional soccer academy across four seasons. The performances of 279 male players were evaluated on a 4-point Likert-scale. Multi-level modelling was used to examine predictive relationships between biological age, chronological age, result and opposition of game, on match grades. Result of the games was a statistically significant predictor of players perceived performance in every age-group; category of opposition was only significant in the under 13 and 14 age-groups. Biological age significantly predicted players perceived performance grades in the under 10, 14 and 15 age-groups, whereby advanced maturity predicted a higher grade. Across all age-groups, a relative age effect was observed, however age half was not a significant predictor of perceived performance grade in any age-group. Coaches evaluations of match performance appear to vary in accordance with maturity, opposition, and result of game. Academy staff should recognise and account for individual differences in biological maturation when retaining and releasing players.
Intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery based on a novel lightweight convolutional neural network
Authors: Lu Yuqi , Mi Jinhua , Liang He , Cheng Yuhua , Bai Libing
Published: October 2020

For most existing fault diagnosis methods, feature extraction is always based on a complex artificial design and the complete feature extraction from an original signal. With the gradual complication of modern industrial machinery and equipment, it has become more difficult for traditional feature extractors to achieve the desired results. Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have been developed as effective techniques for fault classification but require large-scale high-intensity computing and prohibitive hardware resource requirements. This paper proposes a lightweight CNN that can be easily used for the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery by adjusting the network structure and optimizing the network. First, the raw vibration acceleration signal is transformed into a two-dimensional gray image. Second, two mature and commonly used modules named LeNet and NIN are combined to form a new model with a simple structure. Then, through parameter adjustment and optimization, an improved and optimized CNN with a lightweight structure and fewer parameters is constructed. The experimental verification has shown that this method has high accuracy and stability in fault diagnosis. Finally, the application of this new network for the fault diagnosis of rolling bearings with different damage levels but similar fault types shows high diagnostic accuracy and good generalization ability. In addition, we attempt to explain how the feature filters of a CNN work by visualizing the convolutional layer of the network.