bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is there an ideal curriculum and pedagogy to achieve an optimal One Health practitioner capable of contributing to the growing expectations for One Health?
Authors: Stephen Craig
Published: July 2022

The looming challenges of pandemic recovery, climate change emergencies, species extinction, and growing food insecurity are driving calls for more One Health to “do more.” To address these calls, it is reasonable to anticipate an explosion in One Health training programs. Many One Health educational efforts were originally designed in response to emerging zoonotic diseases. As the scope of practice of One Health grows, the breadth of knowledge, skills, and attitudes to be cultivated through education and training also grows. Many One Health programs created in the early days of One Health could not benefit from the experiences of years of applying One Health in practice that exist today. Few One Health programs have been systematically evaluated to see if or how their structure or curriculum empowers learners to be effective One Health researchers or practitioners. We invite authors to provide evidence-based assessments of the impacts of different means, methods, and targets for training and/or systematic assessments of educational theory to help answer the Question, “is there an ideal curriculum and pedagogy to achieve an optimal One Health practitioner capable of contributing to the growing expectations for One Health?”
NEW CHRONOLOGY FOR MEGALITHIC BURIALS IN VIDARBHA (CENTRAL INDIA): INSIGHTS INTO CONTEMPORARY HYDRO-CLIMATE AND FOOD HABITS
Authors: Patel Nikhil , Trivedi Preeti , Agnihotri Rajesh , Rai Niraj , Sathe Vijay , Khonde Niteshkumar , Bhushan Ravi , Jena Partha Sarathi , Shivam A , Kumar Alok
Published: July 2022

Megalithic cultures of central India provide important links between the southern Neolithic-Chalcolithic cultures and the early Historical period (∼500 BC to ∼AD 700) and reveal knowledge of ancient traditions of early inhabitants. Scientific dating of these Megalithic burial sites is a challenging task due to scarcity of dateable material and alterations. Here, we present multiple accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dates from equine tooth-enamel and organic food remains recovered from pots from Megalithic burials of the Vidarbha region. Using δ13CTOC and δ15N values of organic food remains recovered from pots, we deduced past-diet (palaeo-vegetation) that indicates C4 type of vegetation and thus arid climate during life-spans of these burials. We also analyzed stable δ13C and δ18O isotopes of equine tooth-enamel to investigate hydro-climatic conditions of Maharashtra (Vidarbha region). A total of 10 AMS 14C dates of tooth enamel provide a time range of AD 250–874 for two Megalithic burials. Two AMS 14C dates of organic food remains recovered from pots corroborated aforementioned time-range. The average δ13C and δ18O of equine tooth-enamel samples were −5.3 ± 2.1‰ and −2.9 ± 0.8‰, respectively, both significantly enriched compared to their modern counterparts (−13.7‰ ± 0.7 and −4.3‰ ± 1.1), indicating intense arid conditions in the past.
Effects of spinal structure on quadruped bounding gait
Authors: Lei Chen , Dongliang Chen , Wei Dong
Published: July 2022

This paper proposes a robot model with multiple spines and investigates its effects on the bounding gait of quadruped robot. Contrastive tests, carried out by adding an active driving joint (ADJ) and changing the number of passive driving joints, were divided between simulation and physical. The results reveal that the spinal structure (one ADJ and several passive driving joints) is closely related to the performance parameters. Increasing the number of passive driving joints can improve the velocity and energy efficiency. This structure may have significant guidance for designing a quadruped robot.
Many Turán exponents via subdivisions
Authors: Jiang Tao , Qiu Yu
Published: July 2022

Given a graph
$H$
and a positive integer
$n$
, the Turán number
$\mathrm{ex}(n,H)$
is the maximum number of edges in an
$n$
-vertex graph that does not contain
$H$
as a subgraph. A real number
$r\in (1,2)$
is called a Turán exponent if there exists a bipartite graph
$H$
such that
$\mathrm{ex}(n,H)=\Theta (n^r)$
. A long-standing conjecture of Erdős and Simonovits states that
$1+\frac{p}{q}$
is a Turán exponent for all positive integers
$p$
and
$q$
with
$q\gt p$
.

In this paper, we show that
$1+\frac{p}{q}$
is a Turán exponent for all positive integers
$p$
and
$q$
with
$q \gt p^{2}$
. Our result also addresses a conjecture of Janzer [18].
The Effect of Seawater Salinity and Seawater Temperature on Sea Salt Aerosol Production
Authors: Zinke J. , Nilsson E. D. , Zieger P. , Salter M. E.
Published: July 2022

To improve our understanding of the impact of sea salt aerosols (SSA) on the Earth's climate, it is critical to understand the physical mechanisms which determine the size‐resolved SSA production flux. Of the factors affecting SSA emissions, seawater salinity has perhaps received the least attention in the literature and previous studies have produced conflicting results. Here, we present a series of laboratory experiments designed to investigate the role of salinity on aerosol production from artificial seawater using a continuous plunging jet. During these experiments, the aerosol and surface bubble size distributions were monitored while the salinity was decreased from 35 to 0 g kg−1. Three distinct salinity regimes were identified: (a) A high salinity regime, 10–35 g kg−1, where lower salinity resulted in only minor reductions in particle number flux but notable reductions in particle volume flux; (b) an intermediate salinity regime, 5–10 g kg−1, with a local maximum in particle number flux; (c) a low salinity regime, <5 g kg−1, characterized by a rapid decrease in particle number flux at lower salinities and dominated by small particles and larger bubbles. We discuss the implications of our results through comparison of the size‐resolved aerosol flux and the surface bubble population at different salinities. Finally, by varying the seawater temperature at three specific salinities we have also developed a simple parameterization of the particle production flux as a function of seawater temperature and salinity. The range of seawater salinity and temperature studied is representative of the global oceans and lower salinity water bodies such as the Baltic Sea.
Sorting Minerals Differently Could Usher a New Era for Mineralogy
Authors: Wilke Carolyn
Published: July 2022

Grouping minerals by how they were formed yields insights into our planet’s evolution across billions of years.
Observational Evidence of Aerosol Radiation Modifying Photochemical Ozone Profiles in the Lower Troposphere
Authors: Shi Shuangshuang , Zhu Bin , Tang Guiqian , Liu Cao , An Junlin , Liu Duanyang , Xu Jiaping , Xu Honghui , Liao Hong , Zhang Yanlin
Published: July 2022

Aerosol optical effects can trigger complex changes in solar shortwave radiation (SW) in the atmosphere, resulting in significant impacts on the photochemistry and vertical structure of ozone. This paper provides observational evidence of aerosol absorbing and scattering effects on modifying the SW and ozone profiles in the low troposphere. Using field vertical measurements and observation‐based model simulations, we demonstrated that absorbing aerosols decreased SW, resulting in substantial inhibition of ozone production throughout the boundary layer (BL). A similar inhibition effect occurred within the lower BL under sufficient scattering aerosols. However, the scattering augmentation effect played an additional role in enhancing the photolysis rate and promoting ozone generation in the upper BL. Hence, the observational evidence as well as our model simulations disentangled the radiative effects of different types of aerosols on the vertical structures of ozone.
Submarine Groundwater Discharge in the Northern Bohai Sea, China: Implications for Coastal Carbon Budgets and Buffering Capacity
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zou Changpei , Wang Zhaohui Aleck , Wang Xuejing , Zeng Zhenzhong , Xiao Kai , Guo Huaming , Jiang Xiaowei , Li Zhenyang , Li Hailong
Published: July 2022

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has been widely recognized as an important source of dissolved nutrients in coastal waters and affects nutrient biogeochemistry. In contrast, little information is available on SGD impacts on coastal carbon budgets. Here, we assessed the SGD and associated carbon (dissolved inorganic carbon [DIC] and total alkalinity [TA]) fluxes in Liaodong Bay (the largest bay of the Bohai Sea, China) and discussed their border implications for coastal DIC budget and buffering capacity. Based on 223Ra and 228Ra mass balance models, the SGD flux was estimated to be (0.92–1.43) × 109 m3 d−1. SGD was the largest contributor of DIC, accounting for 55%–77% of the total DIC sources. The low ratio (<1) of SGD‐derived TA to DIC fluxes and negative correlation between radium isotopes and pH in seawater implied that SGD would potentially reduce seawater pH in Liaodong Bay. Combining the groundwater carbon data in Liaodong Bay with literature data, we found that the SGD‐derived DIC flux off China was 4–9 times greater than those from rivers. By analyzing the TA/DIC ratios in groundwater along the Chinese coast and related carbon fluxes, SGD was thought to partially reduce the CO2 buffer capacity in receiving seawater. These results obtained at the bay scale and national scale suggest that SGD is a significant component of carbon budget and may play a critical role in modulating coastal buffering capacity and atmospheric CO2 sequestration.
Inhibition of pancreatic EZH2 restores progenitor insulin in T1D donor
Authors: Al-Hasani Keith , Khurana Ishant , Mariana Lina , Loudovaris Thomas , Maxwell Scott , Harikrishnan K. N. , Okabe Jun , Cooper Mark E. , El-Osta Assam
Published: July 2022

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that selectively destroys insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas. An unmet need in diabetes management, current therapy is focussed on transplantation. While the reprogramming of progenitor cells into functional insulin-producing β-cells has also been proposed this remains controversial and poorly understood. The challenge is determining why default transcriptional suppression is refractory to exocrine reactivation. After the death of a 13-year-old girl with established insulin-dependent T1D, pancreatic cells were harvested in an effort to restore and understand exocrine competence. The pancreas showed classic silencing of β-cell progenitor genes with barely detectable insulin (Ins) transcript. GSK126, a highly selective inhibitor of EZH2 methyltransferase activity influenced H3K27me3 chromatin content and transcriptional control resulting in the expression of core β-cell markers and ductal progenitor genes. GSK126 also reinstated Ins gene expression despite absolute β-cell destruction. These studies show the refractory nature of chromatin characterises exocrine suppression influencing β-cell plasticity. Additional regeneration studies are warranted to determine if the approach of this n-of-1 study generalises to a broader T1D population.
pT3 colorectal cancer revisited: a multicentric study on the histological depth of invasion in more than 1000 pT3 carcinomas—proposal for a new pT3a/pT3b subclassification
Authors: Foersch Sebastian , Lang-Schwarz Corinna , Eckstein Markus , Geppert Carol , Schmitt Maxime , Konukiewitz Björn , Groll Tanja , Schicktanz Felix , Engel Jutta , Gleitsmann Moritz , Westhoff Christina C. , Frickel Nadine , Litmeyer Anne-Sophie , Grass Albert , Jank Paul , Lange Sebastian , Tschurtschenthaler Markus , Wilhelm Dirk , Roth Wilfried , Vieth Michael , Denkert Carsten , Nagtegaal Iris , Weichert Wilko , Jesinghaus Moritz
Published: July 2022

Background

Pathological TNM staging (pTNM) is the strongest prognosticator in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and the foundation of its post-operative clinical management. Tumours that invade pericolic/perirectal adipose tissue generally fall into the pT3 category without further subdivision.

Methods

The histological depth of invasion into the pericolic/perirectal fat was digitally and conventionally measured in a training cohort of 950 CRCs (Munich). We biostatistically calculated the optimal cut-off to stratify pT3 CRCs into novel pT3a (≤3 mm)/pT3b (>3 mm) subgroups, which were then validated in two independent cohorts (447 CRCs, Bayreuth/542 CRCs, Mainz).

Results

Compared to pT3a tumours, pT3b CRCs showed significantly worse disease-specific survival, including in pN0 vs pN+ and colonic vs. rectal cancers (DSS:P < 0.001, respectively, pooled analysis of all cohorts). Furthermore, the pT3a/pT3b subclassification remained an independent predictor of survival in multivariate analyses (e.g. DSS:P < 0.001, hazard ratio: 4.41 for pT3b, pooled analysis of all cohorts). While pT2/pT3a CRCs showed similar survival characteristics, pT3b cancers remained a distinct subgroup with dismal survival.

Discussion

The delineation of pT3a/pT3b subcategories of CRC based on the histological depth of adipose tissue invasion adds valuable prognostic information to the current pT3 classification and implementation into current staging practices of CRC should be considered.
Decreasing surface albedo signifies a growing importance of clouds for Greenland Ice Sheet meltwater production
Authors: Ryan J. C. , Smith L. C. , Cooley S. W. , Pearson B. , Wever N. , Keenan E. , Lenaerts J. T. M.
Published: July 2022

Clouds regulate the Greenland Ice Sheet’s surface energy balance through the competing effects of shortwave radiation shading and longwave radiation trapping. However, the relative importance of these effects within Greenland’s narrow ablation zone, where nearly all meltwater runoff is produced, remains poorly quantified. Here we use machine learning to merge MODIS, CloudSat, and CALIPSO satellite observations to produce a high-resolution cloud radiative effect product. For the period 2003–2020, we find that a 1% change in cloudiness has little effect (±0.16 W m−2) on summer net radiative fluxes in the ablation zone because the warming and cooling effects of clouds compensate. However, by 2100 (SSP5-8.5 scenario), radiative fluxes in the ablation zone will become more than twice as sensitive (±0.39 W m−2) to changes in cloudiness due to reduced surface albedo. Accurate representation of clouds will therefore become increasingly important for forecasting the Greenland Ice Sheet’s contribution to global sea-level rise.
Detection of neutralizing antibodies against multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains in dried blood spots using cell-free PCR
Authors: Danh Kenneth , Karp Donna Grace , Singhal Malvika , Tankasala Akshaya , Gebhart David , de Jesus Cortez Felipe , Tandel Devangkumar , Robinson Peter V. , Seftel David , Stone Mars , Simmons Graham , Bagri Anil , Schreiber Martin A. , Buser Andreas , Holbro Andreas , Battegay Manuel , Morris Mary Kate , Hanson Carl , Mills John R. , Granger Dane , Theel Elitza S. , Stubbs James R. , Corash Laurence M. , Tsai Cheng-ting
Published: July 2022

An easily implementable serological assay to accurately detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies is urgently needed to better track herd immunity, vaccine efficacy and vaccination rates. Herein, we report the Split-Oligonucleotide Neighboring Inhibition Assay (SONIA) which uses real-time qPCR to measure the ability of neutralizing antibodies to block binding between DNA-barcoded viral spike protein subunit 1 and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor protein. The SONIA neutralizing antibody assay using finger-prick dried blood spots displays 91–97% sensitivity and 100% specificity in comparison to the live-virus neutralization assays using matched serum specimens for multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants-of-concern. The multiplex version of this neutralizing antibody assay, using easily collectable finger-prick dried blood spots, can be a valuable tool to help reveal the impact of age, pre-existing health conditions, waning immunity, different vaccination schemes and the emergence of new variants-of-concern.
A nationwide questionnaire study of post-acute symptoms and health problems after SARS-CoV-2 infection in Denmark
Authors: Sørensen Anna Irene Vedel , Spiliopoulos Lampros , Bager Peter , Nielsen Nete Munk , Hansen Jørgen Vinsløv , Koch Anders , Meder Inger Kristine , Ethelberg Steen , Hviid Anders
Published: July 2022

A considerable number of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 continue to experience symptoms after the acute phase. Here, we report findings from a nationwide questionnaire study in Denmark including 61,002 RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and 91,878 test-negative controls aged 15-years or older. Six to twelve months after the test, the risks of 18 out of 21 symptoms were elevated among test-positives. The largest adjusted risk differences (RD) were observed for dysosmia (RD = 10.92%, 95% CI 10.68–11.21%), dysgeusia (RD = 8.68%, 95% CI 8.43–8.93%), fatigue/exhaustion (RD = 8.43%, 95%CI 8.14–8.74%), dyspnea (RD = 4.87%, 95% CI 4.65–5.09%) and reduced strength in arms/legs (RD = 4.68%, 95% CI 4.45–4.89%). During the period from the test and until completion of the questionnaire, new diagnoses of anxiety (RD = 1.15%, 95% CI 0.95–1.34%) or depression (RD = 1.00%, 95% CI 0.81–1.19%) were also more common among test-positives. Even in a population where the majority of test-positives were not hospitalized, a considerable proportion experiences symptoms up to 12 months after infection. Being female or middle-aged increases risks.
A classical equation that accounts for observations of non-Arrhenius and cryogenic grain boundary migration
Authors: Homer Eric R. , Johnson Oliver K. , Britton Darcey , Patterson James E. , Sevy Eric T. , Thompson Gregory B.
Published: July 2022

Observations of microstructural coarsening at cryogenic temperatures, as well as numerous simulations of grain boundary motion that show faster migration at low temperature than at high temperature, have been troubling because they do not follow the expected Arrhenius behavior. This work demonstrates that classical equations, that are not simplified, account for all these oddities and demonstrate that non-Arrhenius behavior can emerge from thermally activated processes. According to this classical model, this occurs when the intrinsic barrier energies of the processes become small, allowing activation at cryogenic temperatures. Additional thermal energy then allows the low energy process to proceed in reverse, so increasing temperature only serves to frustrate the forward motion. This classical form is shown to reconcile and describe a variety of diverse grain boundary migration observations.
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide modulates gut microbiota to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis in a rat model
Authors: Lai Wenjia , Wang Chunyan , Lai Renfa , Peng Xichun , Luo Jianming
Published: July 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) seriously impairs the quality of life of sufferers. It has been shown that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), a natural active indigestible ingredient with medicinal and edible functions, can effectively relieve RA, however, whether this effect is related to gut microbiota is not known. This study aimed to explore the RA alleviating mechanism of LBP mediated by gut microbiota using a collagen-induced arthritis rat model. The results showed that LBP significantly changed the gut microflora structure accompanied with the RA alleviation. Specifically, a LBP intervention reduced the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and uncultured_bacterium_f_Ruminococcaceae and significantly increased the abundance of Romboutsia, Lactobacillus, Dubosiella and Faecalibaculum. The mRNA contents of several colonic epithelial genes including Dpep3, Gstm6, Slc27a2, Col11a2, Sycp2, SNORA22, Tnni1, Gpnmb, Mypn and Acsl6, which are potentially associated to RA, were down-regulated due to the DNA hypermethylation, possibly caused by the elevating content of a bacterial metabolite S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). In conclusion, our current study suggests that LBP alleviated RA by reshaping the composition of intestinal microflora which may generate SAM, inducing DNA hypermethylation of RA-related genes in the host intestinal epithelium and subsequently reducing their expression.
Structure of the metastatic factor P-Rex1 reveals a two-layered autoinhibitory mechanism
Authors: Chang Yong-Gang , Lupton Christopher J. , Bayly-Jones Charles , Keen Alastair C. , D’Andrea Laura , Lucato Christina M. , Steele Joel R. , Venugopal Hari , Schittenhelm Ralf B. , Whisstock James C. , Halls Michelle L. , Ellisdon Andrew M.
Published: July 2022

P-Rex (PI(3,4,5)P3-dependent Rac exchanger) guanine nucleotide exchange factors potently activate Rho GTPases. P-Rex guanine nucleotide exchange factors are autoinhibited, synergistically activated by Gβγ and PI(3,4,5)P3 binding and dysregulated in cancer. Here, we use X-ray crystallography, cryogenic electron microscopy and crosslinking mass spectrometry to determine the structural basis of human P-Rex1 autoinhibition. P-Rex1 has a bipartite structure of N- and C-terminal modules connected by a C-terminal four-helix bundle that binds the N-terminal Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. In the N-terminal module, the Dbl homology (DH) domain catalytic surface is occluded by the compact arrangement of the DH-PH-DEP1 domains. Structural analysis reveals a remarkable conformational transition to release autoinhibition, requiring a 126° opening of the DH domain hinge helix. The off-axis position of Gβγ and PI(3,4,5)P3 binding sites further suggests a counter-rotation of the P-Rex1 halves by 90° facilitates PH domain uncoupling from the four-helix bundle, releasing the autoinhibited DH domain to drive Rho GTPase signaling.
The Multilingual Picture Database
Authors: Duñabeitia Jon Andoni , Baciero Ana , Antoniou Kyriakos , Antoniou Mark , Ataman Esra , Baus Cristina , Ben-Shachar Michal , Çağlar Ozan Can , Chromý Jan , Comesaña Montserrat , Filip Maroš , Đurđević Dušica Filipović , Dowens Margaret Gillon , Hatzidaki Anna , Januška Jiří , Jusoh Zuraini , Kanj Rama , Kim Say Young , Kırkıcı Bilal , Leminen Alina , Lohndal Terje , Yap Ngee Thai , Renvall Hanna , Rothman Jason , Royle Phaedra , Santesteban Mikel , Sevilla Yamila , Slioussar Natalia , Vaughan-Evans Awel , Wodniecka Zofia , Wulff Stefanie , Pliatsikas Christos
Published: July 2022

The growing interdisciplinary research field of psycholinguistics is in constant need of new and up-to-date tools which will allow researchers to answer complex questions, but also expand on languages other than English, which dominates the field. One type of such tools are picture datasets which provide naming norms for everyday objects. However, existing databases tend to be small in terms of the number of items they include, and have also been normed in a limited number of languages, despite the recent boom in multilingualism research. In this paper we present the Multilingual Picture (Multipic) database, containing naming norms and familiarity scores for 500 coloured pictures, in thirty-two languages or language varieties from around the world. The data was validated with standard methods that have been used for existing picture datasets. This is the first dataset to provide naming norms, and translation equivalents, for such a variety of languages; as such, it will be of particular value to psycholinguists and other interested researchers. The dataset has been made freely available.
Modelling the interplay of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the United Kingdom
Authors: Barreiro N. L. , Govezensky T. , Ventura C. I. , Núñez M. , Bolcatto P. G. , Barrio R. A.
Published: July 2022

Many COVID-19 vaccines are proving to be highly effective to prevent severe disease and to diminish infections. Their uneven geographical distribution favors the appearance of new variants of concern, as the highly transmissible Delta variant, affecting particularly non-vaccinated people. It is important to device reliable models to analyze the spread of the different variants. A key factor is to consider the effects of vaccination as well as other measures used to contain the pandemic like social behaviour. The stochastic geographical model presented here, fulfills these requirements. It is based on an extended compartmental model that includes various strains and vaccination strategies, allowing to study the emergence and dynamics of the new COVID-19 variants. The model conveniently separates the parameters related to the disease from the ones related to social behavior and mobility restrictions. We applied the model to the United Kingdom by using available data to fit the recurrence of the currently prevalent variants. Our computer simulations allow to describe the appearance of periodic waves and the features that determine the prevalence of certain variants. They also provide useful predictions to help planning future vaccination boosters. We stress that the model could be applied to any other country of interest.
Proteins, possibly human, found in World War II concentration camp artifact
Authors: Yang Heyi , Butler Erin , Monier Samantha A. , Siegel Donald
Published: July 2022

Museums displaying artifacts of the human struggle against oppression are often caught in their own internal struggle between presenting factual and unbiased descriptions of their collections, or relying on testament of survivors. Often this quandary is resolved in favor of what can be verified, not what is remembered. However, with improving instrumentation, methods and informatic approaches, science can help uncover evidence able to reconcile memory and facts. Following World War II, thousands of small, cement-like disks with numbers impressed on one side were found at concentration camps throughout Europe. Survivors claimed these disks were made of human cremains; museums erred on the side of caution—without documentation of the claims, was it justifiable to present them as fact? The ability to detect species relevant biological material in these disks could help resolve this question. Proteomic mass spectrometry of five disks revealed all contained proteins, including collagens and hemoglobins, suggesting they were made, at least in part, of animal remains. A new protein/informatics approach to species identification showed that while human was not always identified as the top contributor, human was the most likely explanation for one disk. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of protein recovery from cremains. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD035267.
A joint learning approach for genomic prediction in polyploid grasses
Authors: Aono Alexandre Hild , Ferreira Rebecca Caroline Ulbricht , Moraes Aline da Costa Lima , Lara Letícia Aparecida de Castro , Pimenta Ricardo José Gonzaga , Costa Estela Araujo , Pinto Luciana Rossini , Landell Marcos Guimarães de Andrade , Santos Mateus Figueiredo , Jank Liana , Barrios Sanzio Carvalho Lima , do Valle Cacilda Borges , Chiari Lucimara , Garcia Antonio Augusto Franco , Kuroshu Reginaldo Massanobu , Lorena Ana Carolina , Gorjanc Gregor , de Souza Anete Pereira
Published: July 2022

Poaceae, among the most abundant plant families, includes many economically important polyploid species, such as forage grasses and sugarcane (Saccharumspp.). These species have elevated genomic complexities and limited genetic resources, hindering the application of marker-assisted selection strategies. Currently, the most promising approach for increasing genetic gains in plant breeding is genomic selection. However, due to the polyploidy nature of these polyploid species, more accurate models for incorporating genomic selection into breeding schemes are needed. This study aims to develop a machine learning method by using a joint learning approach to predict complex traits from genotypic data. Biparental populations of sugarcane and two species of forage grasses (Urochloa decumbens,Megathyrsus maximus) were genotyped, and several quantitative traits were measured. High-quality markers were used to predict several traits in different cross-validation scenarios. By combining classification and regression strategies, we developed a predictive system with promising results. Compared with traditional genomic prediction methods, the proposed strategy achieved accuracy improvements exceeding 50%. Our results suggest that the developed methodology could be implemented in breeding programs, helping reduce breeding cycles and increase genetic gains.
The impact of preoperative oral nutrition supplementation on outcomes in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery for cancer in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Knight Stephen R. , Qureshi Ahmad U. , Drake Thomas M. , Lapitan Marie Carmela M. , Maimbo Mayaba , Yenli Edwin , Tabiri Stephen , Ghosh Dhruva , Kingsley Pamela A. , Sundar Sudha , Shaw Catherine , Valparaiso Apple P. , Bhangu Aneel , Brocklehurst Peter , Magill Laura , Morton Dion G. , Norrie John , Roberts Tracey E. , Theodoratou Evropi , Weiser Thomas G. , Burden Sorrel , Harrison Ewen M.
Published: July 2022

Malnutrition is an independent predictor for postoperative complications in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We systematically reviewed evidence on the impact of preoperative oral nutrition supplementation (ONS) on patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery in LMICs. We searched EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, WHO Global Index Medicus, SciELO, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) databases from inception to March 21, 2022 for randomised controlled trials evaluating preoperative ONS in gastrointestinal cancer within LMICs. We evaluated the impact of ONS on all postoperative outcomes using random-effects meta-analysis. Seven studies reported on 891 patients (446 ONS group, 445 control group) undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer. Preoperative ONS reduced all cause postoperative surgical complications (risk ratio (RR) 0.53, 95% CI 0.46–0.60, P < 0.001, I2 = 0%, n = 891), infection (0.52, 0.40–0.67, P = 0.008, I2 = 0%, n = 570) and all-cause mortality (0.35, 0.26–0.47, P = 0.014, I2 = 0%, n = 588). Despite heterogeneous populations and baseline rates, absolute risk ratio (ARR) was reduced for all cause (pooled effect −0.14, −0.22 to −0.06, P = 0.006; number needed to treat (NNT) 7) and infectious complications (−0.13, −0.22 to −0.06, P < 0.001; NNT 8). Preoperative nutrition in patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery in LMICs demonstrated consistently strong and robust treatment effects across measured outcomes. However additional higher quality research, with particular focus within African populations, are urgently required.
Role of phosphorus as micro alloying element and its effect on corrosion characteristics of steel rebars in concrete environment
Authors: Hussain Raja Rizwan , Alhozaimy Abdulrahman , Al-Negheimish Abdulaziz , Singh D. D. N.
Published: July 2022

This communication reports the effect of phosphorus (P) added in micro concentration range in steel on kinetics, mechanism and growth of passive film in contact of chloride contaminated concrete. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, direct-current polarization, mass loss and Raman spectroscopic techniques were used to arrive at the findings. The results showed that an intentional addition of P in steel (0.064%) makes it more prone to uniform and localized corrosion (about 1.1 and 1.7 times) than the steel having low phosphorus (< 0.016%, present as tramp element) exposed under wet/dry conditions in simulated pore solution added with chloride and in the absence of this ion. A similar effect is also noted for the rebars embedded in mortars. Identification of corrosion products formed on steel rebars surface by Raman spectroscopy reveals thermodynamically stable maghemite and goethite phases on the surface of low P content steel. Unstable phase of lepidocrocite is recorded on the surface of higher phosphorus steel rebars. The findings are discussed with experimental evidence and taking clues from the published literature to arrive at plausible mechanism for this behaviour.
Prevention of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by a RANKL peptide in mice
Authors: Ju Nan , Hayashi Hiroki , Shimamura Munehisa , Baba Satoshi , Yoshida Shota , Morishita Ryuichi , Rakugi Hiromi , Nakagami Hironori
Published: July 2022

Despite the recent therapeutic developments for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, its prognosis is still not well controlled, and a novel therapeutic agent is needed. Recently, the critical role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis has been reported; however, the effects of multiple TLR signaling inhibition are still unknown. Here, we examined how the inhibition of multiple TLRs affects pulmonary fibrosis using a novel synthetic receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) partial peptide, MHP1-AcN, which could suppress TLR2, 3, 4, 7, and 9 signaling through CD14 and RANK. When MHP1-AcN was administered in the bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model, reduced collagen deposition was observed, with suppressed fibrosis-related gene expression including Col1a1, Col1a2, Acta2, Tgfb1 and Tgfbr2. MHP1-AcN also decreased proinflammatory M1 and profibrotic M2 macrophage marker expression. Furthermore, MHP1-AcN treatment inhibited transforming growth factor (TGF-β)-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and myofibroblast differentiation in human fetal lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cells. This effect was associated with decreased TGF-β receptor levels and the upregulated Bmp7 and Smad7 expression. These findings suggest that MHP1-AcN protects mice against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. MHP1-AcN might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the pulmonary fibrosis.
Peripheral blood DNA methylation profiles predict future development of B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Espín-Pérez Almudena , Brennan Kevin , Ediriwickrema Asiri Saumya , Gevaert Olivier , Lossos Izidore S. , Gentles Andrew J.
Published: July 2022

Lack of accurate methods for early lymphoma detection limits the ability to cure patients. Since patients with Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) who present with advanced disease have worse outcomes, accurate and sensitive methods for early detection are needed to improve patient care. We developed a DNA methylation-based prediction tool for NHL, based on blood samples collected prospectively from 278 apparently healthy patients who were followed for up to 16 years to monitor for NHL development. A predictive score was developed using machine learning methods in a robust training/validation framework. Our predictive score incorporates CpG DNA methylation at 135 genomic positions, with higher scores predicting higher risk. It was 85% and 78% accurate for identifying patients at risk of developing future NHL, in patients with high or low epigenetic mitotic clock respectively, in a validation cohort. It was also sensitive at detecting active NHL (96.3% accuracy) and healthy status (95.6% accuracy) in additional independent cohorts. Scores optimized for specific NHL subtypes showed significant but lower accuracy for predicting other subtypes. Our score incorporates hyper-methylation of Polycomb andHOXgenes, which have roles in NHL development, as well asPAX5- a master transcriptional regulator of B-cell fate. Subjects with higher risk scores showed higher regulatory T-cells, memory B-cells, but lower naïve T helper lymphocytes fractions in the blood. Future prospective studies will be required to confirm the utility of our signature for managing patients who are at high risk for developing future NHL.
Human–machine teaming is key to AI adoption: clinicians’ experiences with a deployed machine learning system
Authors: Henry Katharine E. , Kornfield Rachel , Sridharan Anirudh , Linton Robert C. , Groh Catherine , Wang Tony , Wu Albert , Mutlu Bilge , Saria Suchi
Published: July 2022

While a growing number of machine learning (ML) systems have been deployed in clinical settings with the promise of improving patient care, many have struggled to gain adoption and realize this promise. Based on a qualitative analysis of coded interviews with clinicians who use an ML-based system for sepsis, we found that, rather than viewing the system as a surrogate for their clinical judgment, clinicians perceived themselves as partnering with the technology. Our findings suggest that, even without a deep understanding of machine learning, clinicians can build trust with an ML system through experience, expert endorsement and validation, and systems designed to accommodate clinicians’ autonomy and support them across their entire workflow.
Seed choice in ground beetles is driven by surface-derived hydrocarbons
Authors: Ali Khaldoun A. , Mori Boyd A. , Prager Sean M. , Willenborg Christian J.
Published: July 2022

Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are among the most prevalent biological agents in temperate agroecosystems. Numerous species function as omnivorous predators, feeding on both pests and weed seeds, yet the sensory ecology of seed perception in omnivorous carabids remains poorly understood. Here, we explore the sensory mechanisms of seed detection and discrimination in four species of omnivorous carabids:Poecilus corvus,Pterostichus melanarius,Harpalus amputatus, andAmara littoralis. Sensory manipulations and multiple-choice seed feeding bioassays showed olfactory perception of seed volatiles as the primary mechanism used by omnivorous carabids to detect and distinguish among seeds ofBrassica napus,Sinapis arvensis, andThlaspi arvense(Brassicaceae). Seed preferences differed among carabid species tested, but the choice of desirable seed species was generally guided by the olfactory perception of long chain hydrocarbons derived from the seed coat surface. These olfactory seed cues were essential for seed detection and discrimination processes to unfold. Disabling the olfactory appendages (antennae and palps) of carabid beetles by ablation left them unable to make accurate seed choices compared to intact beetles.
Time management governs climate resilience and productivity in the coupled rice–wheat cropping systems of eastern India
Authors: McDonald Andrew J. , Balwinder-Singh  , Keil Alwin , Srivastava Amit , Craufurd Peter , Kishore Avinash , Kumar Virender , Paudel Gokul , Singh Sudhanshu , Singh A. K. , Sohane R. K. , Malik R. K.
Published: July 2022

India will need to produce 30% more wheat by 2050, and these gains must principally come from intensification in eastern India where low productivity is common. Through a dense network of on-farm surveys for the rice–wheat system in this region, we show that contemporary wheat sowing dates have a central influence on achieved and attainable yields, superseding all other crop management, soil and varietal factors. We estimate that untapped wheat production potential will increase by 69% with achievable adjustments to wheat sowing dates without incurring undesirable trade-offs with rice productivity, irrigation requirements or profitability. Our findings also indicate that transformative gains in wheat yields are only possible in eastern India if rice and wheat are managed as a coupled system. Steps taken to ‘keep time’ through better management of the annual cropping calendar will pay dividends for food security, profitability and climate resilience now and as a foundation for adaptation to progressive climate change.
Primary amine synthesis by hydrogen-involving reactions over heterogeneous cobalt catalysts
Authors: Kato Kahoko , Deng Dian , Kita Yusuke , Kamata Keigo , Hara Michikazu
Published: July 2022

Co/SiO2 exhibited high selectivity for primary amines in hydrogenation of nitriles and reductive amination of carbonyl compounds.
Facile control of the surface property and hydrolytic degradation of poly(l-lactide) materials by coating poly(l-lactide)-based triblock copolymers with hydrophilic or hydrophobic block
Authors: Tsuji Hideto , Tsukamoto Narumi , Arakawa Yuki
Published: July 2022

The hydrophilicity of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) films was increased and decreased by coating with hydrophilic PLLA-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-PLLA and hydrophobic PLLA-b-polybutadiene-b-PLLA. The hydrolytic degradation rate was controllable by the hydrophilicity of coated polymers.
A 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) gas sensor based on a WO3/graphite nanocomposite with high selectivity and fast response-recovery properties
Authors: Qiu Chenguang , Li Kun , Yan Wenlong , Fan Yong , Xia Changyue , Sun Chuang , Zeng Wei , Wang Siliang
Published: July 2022

A 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) gas sensor based on WO3/graphite nanocomposite with high selectivity and fast response-recovery properties was successfully developed.
Monolayer H-MoS2 with high ion mobility as a promising anode for rubidium (cesium)-ion batteries
Authors: Lu Baichuan , Liu Xiaochi , Qu Jifeng , Li Zesheng
Published: July 2022

MoS2-anode-based RIBs and CIBs are innovative batteries with high theoretical capacity and rate capacity.
Optimized preparation and performance evaluation of a bifunctional chitosan-modified flocculant
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhang Xianming , Xie Shiyu , Ge Yaling , Feng Li , Li Wei
Published: July 2022

In view of the diversification of pollutants in current sewage, further improving the application efficiency of water treatment agents and realizing multi-functionalization are important directions for the research of water treatment agents.
Study of the microstructure of chitosan aerogel beads prepared by supercritical CO2 drying and the effect of long-term storage
Authors: Li Chun-gong , Dang Qi , Yang Qinqin , Chen Dong , Zhu Hongliang , Chen Jiachen , Liu Runjin , Wang Xiang
Published: July 2022

Chitosan aerogel beads prepared by different drying methods were compared, and the effects of long-term storage and humidity on the structure were investigated.
Iodine-catalyzed synthesis of benzoxazoles using catechols, ammonium acetate, and alkenes/alkynes/ketones via C–C and C–O bond cleavage
Authors: Aboonajmi Jasem , Panahi Farhad , Hosseini Mina Aali , Aberi Mahdi , Sharghi Hashem
Published: July 2022

A metal-free one-pot multi-component method for the efficient synthesis of 2-aryl benzoxazoles via coupling of catechols, ammonium acetate and alkenes/alkynes/ketones using an I2–DMSO catalyst system is illustrated.
Rapid photodegradation of methylene blue by laser-induced plasma
Authors: Jiang Jie , Xie Na , Jiang Yilan , Han Jinghua , Feng Guoying , Shi Zhongbing , He Changtao
Published: July 2022

A new strategy was established for the degradation of wastewater-based organic pollutants.
Enzyme-powered micro- and nano-motors: key parameters for an application-oriented design
Authors: Arqué Xavier , Patiño Tania , Sánchez Samuel
Published: July 2022

Nature has inspired the creation of artificial micro- and nano-motors that self-propel converting chemical energy into mechanical action.
Green-/NIR-light-controlled rapid photochromism featuring reversible thermally activated delayed fluorescence and photoelectronic switching
Authors: Li Ziyong , Zhang Ji-Rui , Tian Xu-Ke , Yang Shuren , Chen Si , Zhou Hui , Yang Xiao-Gang
Published: July 2022

Controlled by the alternating irradiation of green and NIR light, difluoroboron modifed dithienylethene shows rapid photochromism and photoelectronic switching.
Determination of the critical chain length for macromolecular crystallization using structurally flexible polyketones
Authors: Ide Yuki , Manabe Yumehiro , Inaba Yuya , Kinoshita Yusuke , Pirillo Jenny , Hijikata Yuh , Yoneda Tomoki , Shivakumar Kilingaru I. , Tanaka Saki , Asakawa Hitoshi , Inokuma Yasuhide
Published: July 2022

Critical chain length dividing small-molecule crystallization from macromolecular crystallization was determined for discrete polyketones to be as short as pentamer.
CdS nanocages@defective-CoNi-LDH with bilayer porous hollow frameworks toward optimized sono-photocatalytic performance
Authors: Fang Bin , Xing Zipeng , Du Fan , Kong Weifeng , Li Zhenzi , Zhou Wei
Published: July 2022

HCNs@HD-CoNi-LDH are fabricatedviaCd-based Prussian blue analog nanocubes twice sulfidation and epitaxial growth ZIF-67 etching into hollow defective CoNi-LDH strategies, which exhibit excellent sono-photocatalytic performance due to special bilayer porous hollow frameworks.
The strongest cool core in REXCESS: Missing X-ray cavities in RXC J2014.8–2430
Authors: Mroczkowski Tony , Donahue Megan , van Marrewijk Joshiwa , Clarke Tracy E. , Hoffer Aaron , Intema Huib , Di Mascolo Luca , Popping Gergö , Pratt Gabriel W. , Sun Ming , Voit Mark
Published: July 2022

We present a broad, multi-wavelength study of RXC J2014.8−2430, the most extreme cool-core cluster in the RepresentativeXMM-NewtonCluster Structure Survey (REXCESS), usingChandraX-ray, Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) Telescope spectroscopic and narrow-band imaging, Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), Very Large Array, and Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations. While feedback from an active galactic nucleus (AGN) is thought to be the dominant mechanism by which a cooling flow is suppressed, theChandraimaging observations surprisingly do not reveal the bi-lateral X-ray cavities one might expect to see in the intracluster medium (ICM) of an extreme cool core hosting a powerful radio source, though cavities commonly appear in many similar sources. We discuss the limits on the properties of putative radio bubbles associated with any undetected X-ray cavities. We place upper limits on any significant X-ray AGN in the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) and show that the X-ray peak is offset from the central radio source, which exhibits a steep low-frequency radio spectrum indicative of electron ageing. The imaging and spectroscopy provided by SOAR reveal an extended, luminous optical emission-line source. From our narrow-band Hαimaging of the BCG, the central Hαpeak is coincident with the radio observations, yet offset from the X-ray peak, consistent with sloshing found previously in this cluster. ALMA observations of the CO(1−0) emission reveal a large reservoir of molecular gas that traces the extended Hαemission in the direction of the cool core. We conclude either that the radio source and its cavities in the X-ray gas are nearly aligned along the line of sight, or that ram pressure induced by sloshing has significantly displaced the cool molecular gas feeding it, perhaps preempting the AGN feedback cycle. We argue that the sloshing near the core is likely subsonic, as expected, given the co-location of the Hα, CO(1−0), radio continuum, and stellar emission peaks and their proximity to the X-ray peak. Further, the X-ray emission from the core is strongly concentrated, as is the distribution of metals, indicating the cool core remains largely intact. DeeperChandraobservations will be crucial for definitively establishing the presence or lack of X-ray cavities, while X-ray micro-calorimetric observations fromAthenacould establish if the motion of the cold and warm gas is dominated by large-scale motions of the surrounding ICM.