bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weather Radar Time Series Simulation: Improving Accuracy and Performance
Authors: Curtis Christopher D.
Published: October 2018

Time series simulation is an important tool for developing and testing new signal processing algorithms for weather radar. The methods for simulating time series data have not changed much over the last few decades, but recent advances in computing technology call for new methods. It would seem that faster computers would make better-performing simulators less necessary, but improved technology has made comprehensive, multiday simulations feasible. Even a relatively minor performance improvement can significantly shorten the time of one of these multiday simulations. Current simulators can also be inaccurate for some sets of parameters, especially narrow spectrum widths. In this paper, three new modifications to the conventional simulators are introduced to improve accuracy and performance. Two of the modifications use thresholds to optimize both the total number of samples and the number of random variates that need to be simulated. The third modification uses an alternative method for implementing the inverse Fourier transform. These new modifications lead to fast versions of the simulators that accurately match the desired autocorrelation and spectrum for a wide variety of signal parameters. Additional recommendations for using single-precision values and graphical processing units are also suggested.
A Remote Sensing and Atmospheric Correction Method for Assessing Multispectral Radiative Transfer through Realistic Atmospheres and Clouds
Authors: Burley Jarred L. , Fiorino Steven T. , Elmore Brannon J. , Schmidt Jaclyn E.
Published: October 2018

The ability to quickly and accurately model actual atmospheric conditions is essential to remote sensing analyses. Clouds present a particularly complex challenge, as they cover up to 70% of Earth’s surface, and their highly variable and diverse nature necessitates physics-based modeling. The Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference (LEEDR) is a verified and validated atmospheric propagation and radiative transfer code that creates physically realizable vertical and horizontal profiles of meteorological data. Coupled with numerical weather prediction (NWP) model output, LEEDR enables analysis, nowcasts, and forecasts for radiative effects expected for real-world scenarios. A recent development is the inclusion of the U.S. Air Force’s World-Wide Merged Cloud Analysis (WWMCA) cloud data in a new tool set that enables radiance calculations through clouds from UV to radio frequency (RF) wavelengths. This effort details the creation of near-real-time profiles of atmospheric and cloud conditions and the resulting radiative transfer analysis for virtually any wavelength(s) of interest. Calendar year 2015 data are analyzed to establish climatological limits for diffuse transmission in the 300–1300-nm band, and the impacts of various geometry, cloud microphysical, and atmospheric conditions are examined. The results show that 80% of diffuse band transmissions are estimated to fall between 0.248 and 0.889 under the assumptions of cloud homogeneity and maximum overlap and are sufficient for establishing diffuse transmission percentiles. The demonstrated capability provides an efficient way to extend optical wavelength cloud parameters across the spectrum for physics-based multiple-scattering effects modeling through cloudy and clear atmospheres, providing an improvement to atmospheric correction for remote sensing and cloud effects on system performance metrics.
A Multiscale Approach to High-Resolution Ocean Profile Observations within a 4DVAR Analysis System
Authors: Carrier Matthew J. , Osborne John J. , Ngodock Hans E. , Smith Scott R. , Souopgui Innocent , D’Addezio Joseph M.
Published: October 2018

Most ocean data assimilation systems are tuned to process and assimilate observations to constrain features on the order of the mesoscale and larger. Typically this involves removal of observations or computing averaged observations. This procedure, while necessary, eliminates many observations from the analysis step and can reduce the overall effectiveness of a particular observing platform. Simply including these observations is not an option as doing so can produce an overdetermined, ill-conditioned problem that is more difficult to solve. An approach, presented here, aims to avoid such issues while at the same time increasing the number of observations within the assimilation. A two-step assimilation procedure with the four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) system is adopted. The first step attempts to constrain the large-scale features by assimilating a set of super observations with appropriate background error correlation scales and error variances. The second step then attempts to correct smaller-scale features by assimilating the full observation set with shorter background error correlation scales and appropriate error variances; here the background state is taken as the analysis from the first step. Results using a real high-density observation set from underwater gliders in the region southeast of Iceland, collected during the 2017 Nordic Recognized Environmental Picture (NREP) experiment, will be shown using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model 4DVAR (NCOM-4DVAR).
Measuring migrant worker rights violations in practice: The example of temporary skilled visas in Australia
Authors: Boucher Anna
Published: October 2018

Despite global attention to worker rights violations experienced by temporary migrants, we lack a clear evidence base to understand the extent and nature of these abuses. This article presents findings from a pilot of a Migrant Worker Rights Database. This pilot measures rights abuses of former Temporary Work (Skilled) visa (subclass 457) entrants to Australia from 1996 to 2016. This visa was the key formal temporary visa into Australia over this period. The pilot codes all available court cases that 457 visa holders brought before the national workplace relations tribunal, the Australian Fair Work Commission and relevant state and federal courts and tribunals, to capture legally recognised rights abuses that migrant workers experienced on the ground. It also codes coverage in three daily newspapers of these rights violations. This combined evidence base generates a series of rights violations, or ‘events’, that are then analysed to present patterns of rights abuses of migrant workers on the 457 visa. Key findings are that ethnic background and occupational status of migrants appear to inform the level of reported rights abuses. Further, legal representation of migrant workers assists in successful outcomes, particularly through the Fair Work Ombudsman – a government body empowered with enforcing compliance with workplace laws (197).
Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) Does Exactly What It Should Do When Applied Properly: A Reply to a Comment on NCA*
Authors: Dul Jan , Vis Barbara , Goertz Gary
Published: October 2018

There are two problems with the comment of Thiem about necessary condition analysis (NCA): First, it is based on wrong assumptions about what NCA aims to do. Second, it applies NCA incorrectly. These are critical errors such that the comment’s conclusions about NCA are flawed. Contrary to what the comment states, NCA is a valid method for identifying necessary conditions.
Toxicologic Pathology of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Overview, Challenges, and Current Practices
Authors: Pardo Ingrid D. , Rao Deepa B. , Butt Mark T. , Jortner Bernard S. , Valentine William M. , Arezzo Joseph , Sharma Alok K. , Bolon Brad
Published: October 2018

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) toxicity is a frequent adverse effect encountered in patients treated with certain therapeutics (e.g., antiretroviral drugs, cancer chemotherapeutics), in occupational workers exposed to industrial chemicals (e.g., solvents), or during accidental exposures to household chemicals and/or environmental agents (e.g., pesticides). However, the literature and expertise needed for the effective design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of safety studies to identify and define PNS toxicity are hard to find. This half-day course familiarized participants with basic PNS biology; causes and mechanisms of PNS pathology; classic methods and current best practice recommendations for PNS sampling, preparation, and evaluation; and examples of commonly observed lesions and artifacts. Three concluding case presentations synthesized information from the prior technical lectures by presenting real-world examples of lesions caused by drugs and chemicals to demonstrate how PNS toxicity may be addressed in evaluating product safety during nonclinical studies. Topics emphasized comparative and correlative data among animal species used in toxicity studies and clinical evaluation in humans in order to facilitate the translation of animal data into human risk assessment with respect to PNS toxicologic pathology.
A Deep Generative Adversarial Architecture for Network-Wide Spatial-Temporal Traffic-State Estimation
Authors: Liang Yunyi , Cui Zhiyong , Tian Yu , Chen Huimiao , Wang Yinhai
Published: October 2018

This study proposes a deep generative adversarial architecture (GAA) for network-wide spatial-temporal traffic-state estimation. The GAA is able to combine traffic-flow theory with neural networks and thus improve the accuracy of traffic-state estimation. It consists of two Long Short-Term Memory Neural Networks (LSTM NNs) which capture correlation in time and space among traffic flow and traffic density. One of the LSTM NNs, called a discriminative network, aims to maximize the probability of assigning correct labels to both true traffic-state matrices (i.e., traffic flow and traffic density within a given spatial-temporal area) and the traffic-state matrices generated from the other neural network. The other LSTM NN, called a generative network, aims to generate traffic-state matrices which maximize the probability that the discriminative network assigns true labels to them. The two LSTM NNs are trained simultaneously such that the trained generative network can generate traffic matrices similar to those in the training data set. Given a traffic-state matrix with missing values, we use back-propagation on three defined loss functions to map the corrupted matrix to a latent space. The mapping vector is then passed through the pre-trained generative network to estimate the missing values of the corrupted matrix. The proposed GAA is compared with the existing Bayesian network approach on loop detector data collected from Seattle, Washington and that collected from San Diego, California. Experimental results indicate that the GAA can achieve higher accuracy in traffic-state estimation than the Bayesian network approach.
Applying St. Cyril’s Pedagogy to Contemporary Christian Education
Authors: Bullis Ronald K.
Published: October 2018

This article asserts that early Church educators, like St. Cyril of Jerusalem, offer contemporary Christian educators theological and pedagogical insights and methods. It describes the trend of Christian education programs to teach a living relationship with a living Christ at a time when categorical, rational and empirical methods predominate in education. The article describes St. Cyril’s catechetical theology and pedagogy. Finally, it applies pedagogical methods, used or inspired by Cyril, to contemporary Christian education.
Do charter schools alleviate the negative effect of teacher turnover?
Authors: Naslund Karlerik , Ponomariov Branco
Published: October 2018

Using data on charter and public school districts in Texas, we test the hypothesis that the labor practices in charter schools, in particular their ability to easily dismiss poorly performing teachers, diminishes the negative effect of teacher turnover on student achievement and graduation rates in comparison to public schools. We find some support for this hypothesis, and discuss implications for theory and practice.
Embedding constructive alignment of reading lists in course design
Authors: Croft Dan
Published: October 2018

Reading list practices are long-standing but cause confusion and misunderstanding between module leaders and students. Constructive alignment (Biggs and Tang, 2011), although widely applied in course design across the UK Higher Education sector, has not previously been applied to the practice of reading lists but offers a practical and pedagogically sound method for reinventing reading list practice and bridging the gap of understanding between the intentions of module leaders and the interpretation of students. The module leaders of seven modules were offered the support of a project led by Oxford Brookes Library to redesign their modules so that the reading lists were constructively aligned with the learning outcomes of the modules. After an initial run of the redesigned modules the module leaders were asked whether they would embed the practice of constructively aligned reading lists in their modules. Five of the modules were redesigned and continued with the redesign past the initial instance, one of the modules exited the project before it was redesigned, and one of the modules returned to the pre-project module design and reading list practice. The project was successful in embedding constructively aligned reading list practice in Oxford Brookes University modules past the first run of the module, but several barriers to effective learning and teaching were identified with the most significant being a lack of student engagement with the redesigned reading lists. The implication for practice is that constructively aligned reading lists should include an element of summative assessment to increase the chances of student engagement and the successful embedding of constructively aligned reading lists in the design of modules.
Negev Bedouin Teachers’ Attitudes Toward ADHD and Its Pharmacological Treatment
Authors: Fleischmann Amos , Dabbah Sharief
Published: October 2018

Little is known about the attitudes of Negev Bedouin toward attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its pharmacological treatment. This study examines the perspectives of Negev Bedouin teachers on pharmacological treatment. Thirty-six teachers are asked to consider how their views influence the way they relate to pupils’ parents. A grounded-theory analysis of semistructured interviews illuminates ambivalence in teachers’ attitudes. Teachers, like the rest of their community, when asked about the implications of an ADHD evaluation for their children, respond that ADHD and its pharmacological treatment cause dishonor. When asked what ADHD means when it is their pupils who are diagnosed and treated, however, teachers, like the education establishment, accept the need for medication. However, they fail to communicate this need to parents because their attempts to do so show parents that they consider their children “flawed”—causing parents to oppose treatment even more lest they succumb to social stigma.
Reconceptualizing Self-Affirmation With the Trigger and Channel Framework: Lessons From the Health Domain
Authors: Ferrer Rebecca A. , Cohen Geoffrey L.
Published: October 2018

Self-affirmation—a theory-based technique to affirm the adaptive adequacy of the self—can promote positive behavior change and adaptive outcomes, although effects are variable. We extend a novel framework (Trigger and Channel), proposing three conditions that facilitate self-affirmation-induced behavior change: (a) presence of psychological threat, (b) presence of resources to foster change, and (c) timeliness of the self-affirmation with respect to threat and resources. Using health behavior as a focus, we present meta-analytic evidence demonstrating that when these conditions are met, self-affirmation acts as a psychological trigger into a positive channel of resources that facilitate behavior change. The presence of a timely threat and the availability of timely resources independently predicted larger self-affirmation effects on behavior change, and the two interacted synergistically to predict still larger effects. The results illustrate the conditionality of self-affirmation effects and offer guidelines for when, where, and for whom self-affirmation will be most effective.
The evolution of gender equality and related employment policies
Authors: Busby Nicole
Published: October 2018

European Union (EU) law and policy on work–family reconciliation has developed by way of two parallel but often incoherent movements. The jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the EU has been a driving force in its interpretation of sex discrimination provisions in the context of claims concerning women’s labour market experiences, which have subsequently been codified, for example, to provide positive rights in relation to pregnancy and maternity. Alongside this development, policy has been linked to wider economic concerns such as the goal of full employment leading to specific measures intended to equalize employment conditions for those with non-standard working arrangements and to encourage shared parenting between men and women. The lack of a specific focus on work–family reconciliation as a goal for law and policy in its own right has resulted in a patchwork of provisions rather than an overarching framework. The net result is that EU law provides an unsatisfactory response to what has been termed the unsolved conflict between paid work and unpaid care. Recent developments may provide a solution. The Commission has reinvigorated its interest through its ‘New Start’ initiative – a package of both legislative and non-legislative measures under the auspices of the European Pillar of Social Rights launched in April 2017. Provisions incorporate, inter alia, a proposed directive that would amend the parental leave regime and introduce paid paternity and carers’ leave. This article provides a critique of law and policy to date and assesses the potential for a coordinated EU strategy for work–family reconciliation, focusing specifically on gender equality. It is argued that, even with the enhanced interest of the Commission, it may be difficult to achieve a coordinated approach to what has always been a contentious policy area within a rapidly changing EU although the United Kingdom’s departure from the EU may provide an opportunity in this respect.
Negotiations between progressive and ‘traditional’ expressions of masculinity among young Australian men
Authors: Elliott Karla
Published: October 2018

This article draws on feminist theory and critical studies on men and masculinities to explore expressions of masculinity among young, relatively privileged men between the ages of 20 and 29 in Australia. Narrative interviews conducted with these men in 2014 revealed assertions of progressive attitudes alongside reworkings of more hegemonic expressions of masculinity. In particular, participants demonstrated distancing from ideas of protest masculinity and spoke of iterations of softer masculinities in relation to their work lives and friendships. At the same time, they borrowed or co-opted aspects of a perceived version of protest masculinity, such as ‘hard work for hard bodies’. Through such practices and beliefs, participants could juggle contradictory requirements of masculinity in late modernity and perpetuate more privileged modes of masculinity. This article argues that sociological attention must continue to be focused on ongoing, privileged expressions of masculinity, even as encouraging changes emerge in late modern, post-industrial societies.
Sweet care against sugar bitterness, designing health-based electronic game
Authors: Safdari Reza , Ghazisaeidi Marjan , Goodini Azadeh
Published: October 2018

Health-based electronic games present an innovative tool to deal with mental and behavioral disorders as well as physical. An appropriately designed game can optimize health care. The aim of this study was to establish a design for health-based electronic games model and to develop a sample game in diabetes. This study was carried out in two phases: first, the design of a health-based electronic game framework and second, the design and production of sweet care game. There were two intended information prerequisites: determination of effective components in models of behavior change and validation of these components on health topics and structural formation of a game. The game framework design was presented. In the second phase, a sample of the game was developed in the field of diabetes. Important components to empower people were ranked using the Friedman test in the following order: self-learning, treatment, mental empowerment, condition management, healthy eating and physical activity. The axis of self-learning received the highest rating from the perspective of the subjects with an average of 3.93 percent. Another part was the game framework with components as follows: application areas, educational content for change behavior, resources, game structure and game production. Finally, the sweet care game was designed on diabetes with educational, technological and clinical content. The health-based electronic game designed on a systematic framework could be applied as a tool to expanding the knowledge base on how to create effective health-based digital games that entertain while promoting behavior change.
Endovascular Coil Migration Into the Intestinal Lumen: Two Cases of Successful Nonoperative Management
Authors: French Bryce , Hayes Danielle
Published: October 2018

Endovascular embolization of visceral arteries is commonly performed as treatment for aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms, and emboloradiation of liver tumors; while considered relatively safe, it is not without complications. We are reporting 2 cases of coil migration into the gastrointestinal tract. Patients were successfully managed without endoscopic or surgical coil removal. Patients were followed after discharge and noted to have no further complications from their migrated coils. These cases highlight the success of expectant management for coil migration. We recommend against invasive intervention for coil removal as first-line treatment for endovascular coil migration into the intestinal tract. We urge providers to weigh the risks and benefits of coil removal, prior to invasive intervention.
Can Whole-Body Vibration Exercises in Different Positions Change Muscular Activity of Upper Limbs? A Randomized Trial
Authors: Morel Danielle S , Marín Pedro J , Moreira-Marconi Eloá , Dionello Carla F , Bernardo-Filho Mario
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of whole-body vibration exercises (WBVE) in different positions on muscular activity of flexor digitorum superficialis (FD), wrist extensor (ED), and handgrip strength (HG) of healthy men. Fifteen participants have performed 5 test sets each one consisting of HG strength measurement and 1-minute WBVE intervention (frequency: 50 Hz, amplitude: 1.53 mm, synchronous tri-planar oscillating/vibratory platform), that could be control (no exposition to vibration), squat (30 seconds of rest and 30 seconds of WBVE in squat position), or push-up (30 seconds of rest, and 30 seconds of WBVE in push-up position). After testing, participants had 2 minutes of rest and then were encouraged to keep themselves on a pull-up bar for 30 seconds. During all procedures, muscular activity of FD and ED was measured by surface electromyography (EMG). Statistical analysis has revealed that the EMG measured in the FD during the static pull-up bar exercise after SQUAT condition was significantly higher ( P = .004) than the CONTROL and PUSH-UP conditions. Whole-body vibration exercises in squat position increase acutely muscle activation of the FD during isometric exercises of longer duration, while muscle activation of ED and HG strength are not affected by WBVE.
Diabetes and the direct secondary use of electronic health records: Using routinely collected and stored data to drive research and understanding
Authors: Robbins Tim , Lim Choi Keung Sarah N , Sankar Sailesh , Randeva Harpal , Arvanitis Theodoros N
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Electronic health records provide an unparalleled opportunity for the use of patient data that is routinely collected and stored, in order to drive research and develop an epidemiological understanding of disease. Diabetes, in particular, stands to benefit, being a data-rich, chronic-disease state. This article aims to provide an understanding of the extent to which the healthcare sector is using routinely collected and stored data to inform research and epidemiological understanding of diabetes mellitus.

Methods

Narrative literature review of articles, published in both the medical- and engineering-based informatics literature.

Results

There has been a significant increase in the number of papers published, which utilise electronic health records as a direct data source for diabetes research. These articles consider a diverse range of research questions. Internationally, the secondary use of electronic health records, as a research tool, is most prominent in the USA. The barriers most commonly described in research studies include missing values and misclassification, alongside challenges of establishing the generalisability of results.

Discussion

Electronic health record research is an important and expanding area of healthcare research. Much of the research output remains in the form of conference abstracts and proceedings, rather than journal articles. There is enormous opportunity within the United Kingdom to develop these research methodologies, due to national patient identifiers. Such a healthcare context may enable UK researchers to overcome many of the barriers encountered elsewhere and thus to truly unlock the potential of electronic health records.
Platelet-rich plasma decreases fibroblastic activity and woven bone formation with no significant immunohistochemical effect on long-bone healing: An experimental animal study with radiological outcomes
Authors: Canbeyli İbrahim Deniz , Akgun Rahmi Can , Sahin Orcun , Terzi Aysen , Tuncay İsmail Cengiz
Published: October 2018

Purpose:

This study aimed to analyze the immunohistochemical effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on healing of long-bone fractures in terms of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the Ki-67 proliferation index, and radiological and histological analyses.

Methods:

Sixteen adult rabbits, whose right femoral diaphysis was fractured and fixed with Kirschner wires, were randomly divided into two groups, control and PRP (groups A and B, respectively). PRP was given to group B at 1 week postoperatively, and all animals were euthanized after 12 weeks. Radiographic evaluations were performed periodically. Cortical callus formation, chondroid and woven bone area percentages, osteoblastic and fibroblastic activities, and mature bone formation were examined. The depths of BMP-2 and VEGF staining were measured. The Ki-67 proliferation index was also calculated.

Results:

The mean radiological union score of group B was significantly higher than that of group A. There were also statistically significant differences between groups A and B in terms of cortical callus formation, woven bone area percentage, fibroblast proliferation, and mature bone formation. Group B had significantly more cortical callus and mature bone formation with less woven bone and fibroblast proliferation. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of BMP-2 and VEGF staining and the Ki-67 index.

Conclusions:

PRP had no effect on BMP-2 or VEGF levels with no increase in the Ki-67 proliferation index, although its application had a positive effect on bone healing by increasing callus and mature bone formation with decreased woven bone and fibroblast proliferation.
The Noise Exposure Structured Interview (NESI): An Instrument for the Comprehensive Estimation of Lifetime Noise Exposure
Authors: Guest Hannah , Dewey Rebecca S. , Plack Christopher J. , Couth Samuel , Prendergast Garreth , Bakay Warren , Hall Deborah A.
Published: October 2018

Lifetime noise exposure is generally quantified by self-report. The accuracy of retrospective self-report is limited by respondent recall but is also bound to be influenced by reporting procedures. Such procedures are of variable quality in current measures of lifetime noise exposure, and off-the-shelf instruments are not readily available. The Noise Exposure Structured Interview (NESI) represents an attempt to draw together some of the stronger elements of existing procedures and to provide solutions to their outstanding limitations. Reporting is not restricted to prespecified exposure activities and instead encompasses all activities that the respondent has experienced as noisy (defined based on sound level estimated from vocal effort). Changing exposure habits over time are reported by dividing the lifespan into discrete periods in which exposure habits were approximately stable, with life milestones used to aid recall. Exposure duration, sound level, and use of hearing protection are reported for each life period separately. Simple-to-follow methods are provided for the estimation of free-field sound level, the sound level emitted by personal listening devices, and the attenuation provided by hearing protective equipment. An energy-based means of combining the resulting data is supplied, along with a primarily energy-based method for incorporating firearm-noise exposure. Finally, the NESI acknowledges the need of some users to tailor the procedures; this flexibility is afforded, and reasonable modifications are described. Competency needs of new users are addressed through detailed interview instructions (including troubleshooting tips) and a demonstration video. Limited evaluation data are available, and future efforts at evaluation are proposed.
Tardive dyskinesia update: treatment and management
Authors: Owens David Cunningham
Published: October 2018

The development of rational treatments for tardive dyskinesia has been held back by limitations to our understanding of its aetiology, which even now does not extend far beyond its association with centrally acting dopamine-blocking drugs. This article reviews briefly the major aetiological theories and addresses general management and specific treatment options. Primary prevention and early recognition remain the crucial management issues because, once the condition is established, there are no satisfactory treatments. The article considers two newly developed drugs, valbenazine and deutetrabenazine, in some detail as, although they are not yet licensed in Europe, they have largely been responsible for an upsurge in interest in tardive dyskinesia in the North American literature and are likely to be widely promoted in the future. Although possessed of undoubted benefits, the evidence suggests that these represent small steps rather than large leaps forward in treatment.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

•

Be able to discuss the major aetiological theories on the causation of a common, and sometimes serious, adverse action of antidopaminergic drugs

•

Understand general management and specific treatment options

•

Understand the pharmacology and efficacy of two drugs recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

D.C.O. is psychiatric commissioner on the Commission on Human Medicines, the UK drug regulator, and chair of its expert advisory group on CNS drugs. He is also a member of the psychiatry Scientific Advisory Group of the European Medicines Agency.
Postoperative Management of Resected Brain Metastases: When Can Radiotherapy Be Deferred?
Authors: Mehta Minesh P. , Kotecha Rupesh
Published: October 2018

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.

A 67-year-old woman was diagnosed 17 months ago with stage IIIB non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC; adenocarcinoma), without a targetable mutation, for which she received chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy. She developed new-onset gait ataxia, nausea, morning emesis, and headaches. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan demonstrated a 3.2-cm left cerebellar enhancing metastatic lesion, with surrounding vasogenic edema and mass effect, and three additional enhancing cortical, parenchymal lesions, each < 1.2 cm in maximum diameter, and none with significant mass effect ( Fig 1A ). A restaging positron emission tomography scan revealed no new sites of metastatic disease and no obvious intrathoracic progression. She underwent craniotomy, with piecemeal resection of the cerebellar metastatic lesion that proved to be recurrent lung cancer ( Fig 1B ). Her medical history was significant for mild hypertension and diet-controlled type II diabetes. She had smoked one pack a day for 32 years and had quit 3 years earlier. Postoperatively, her neurologic symptoms resolved, and physical and neurologic examinations were unrevealing; she had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) of 0 and a Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 29 of 30. A 3-week postoperative MRI scan confirmed the presence of 1-cm right frontal, 1.2-cm right parietal, and 1.2-cm left temporal enhancing lesions with minimal enhancement and no evidence of mass effect or edema. In addition, there was an ill-defined residual tumor bed, estimated to be approximately 3.7 cm in maximum diameter ( Fig 1C ). The patient was no longer receiving any steroids and was not receiving any anticonvulsants. Because of the residual three brain metastatic lesions, as well as the consideration of a high risk of surgical failure, she was referred for radiotherapy.
Presumed Malignant Hyperthermia Treated During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in a Pediatric Patient Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement: A Case Report
Authors: Kuntz Michael T. , Saab Amanda D.
Published: October 2018

There are no case reports of malignant hyperthermia in pediatric patients treated on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We report the case of a 10-year-old boy undergoing aortic valve replacement. The patient developed progressive tachycardia and hypercarbia. In addition, Etco
2 and Paco
2 were equal and myoglobinuria was suspected given darkened urine. Numerous dantrolene boluses were given on CPB, and a dantrolene infusion was started. The patient’s base deficit and creatine phosphokinase normalized by postoperative day 2. This case demonstrates the importance of expeditious diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia, and the need for additional dantrolene when treating patients whose blood volume is diluted on CPB.
Relocation of an Infected Cardiac Pacemaker Generator Under Ultrasound-Guided Pectoralis Nerve Block: A Case Study
Authors: Şahin Ayhan , Baran Onur
Published: October 2018

Reports on pacemaker placement/relocation surgery under pectoralis nerve block are limited. We herein report a case involving a 74-year-old woman with an infected cardiac pacemaker generator who underwent pacemaker relocation surgery under an ultrasound-guided pectoralis nerve block. On preoperative evaluation, she had congestive heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a pacer-dependent heart rhythm. She was considered to be at high risk for general anesthesia. Thus, an ultrasound-guided pectoralis nerve block was planned. The surgery was completed successfully, without notable complications. Our findings might help in the management of patients who require pacemaker implantation/relocation.
As the Crow Flies: Yi Sang’s Aerial Poetics
Authors: Kim John H.
Published: October 2018

This essay rereads the work of Yi Sang (1910–37) against the early twentieth-century revolution in aerial photographic technologies. It argues that the aerial view (and the problem of “blind sight” that attends it) functions as a dynamic organizing principle for understanding the complex network of technoscientific, political, and existential concerns driving Yi’s literary and graphic practice, across both his Japanese and his Korean works. Bringing together a comparative framework with select close readings, the essay shows how aeriality furnished Yi with a particular set of structures and signs with which to engage larger questions around the nature of seeing, the limits of objectivity and rationality, and the possibilities and politics of creative expression.
The Posthuman and Transboundary Imagination in Contemporary Korean Literature: Considering the Works of Pae Myŏnghun and Yun Ihyŏng
Authors: Yeon Namkyung
Published: October 2018

Literature limited to the eyes of “humanity” as created by humanism is insufficient to explore the conditions faced in the twenty-first century. The posthuman forms prevalent in contemporary South Korean literature, such as cyborgs, humanoids, and artificial intelligence, go beyond reflecting scientific developments; they operate as critical, political rhetoric with regard to discourses of modernity. This article focuses on the posthuman forms and also future time and space in Pae Myŏnghun’s and Yun Ihyŏng’s short stories in relation to critical posthumanism. Although Pae’s allegorical approach may seem somewhat simplistic, the posthuman forms that are brought to life in his works are highly innovative and effectively criticize modern systems. In contrast to Pae, Yun uses the futuristic subject to concentrate on humans, through narratives of coexistence where nonsynchronism is in operation. Yun’s narratives focus on a performative posthuman discourse that traverses gender, age, and class-based dualisms. With hybrid, multilayered, and performative identities and the transgression of boundaries, the two writers undermine the modern notion of linear, progressing time and cast doubt on notions of objectivity or totalized knowledge, urging a rethinking of the “here and now.”
Encountering the Alien: Alterity and Innovation in North Korean Science Fiction since 1945
Authors: Berthelier Benoît
Published: October 2018

From the translations of Soviet sci-fi and biographies of foreign scientists published in popular science magazines after liberation, to the exotic settings and strange technologies of contemporary novels, the history of science fiction in North Korea is marked by an engagement with the strange, the foreign, and the novel. Retracing the history of the genre from 1945 to the present time, this essay attempts to understand how North Korean science fiction has managed its constitutive alterity. In so doing, it explores tales of space travel fused with socialist realist production novels, how Hollywood blockbuster tropes met North Korea’s nationalist rhetoric, and how juche literary theory assessed the legacy of writers such as H. G. Wells, George Orwell, and A. E. van Vogt. The production of works of science fiction in North Korea has evolved in relationship with the country’s cultural, social, and ideological trends. As such, this essay highlights how the political stakes of scientific progress have influenced the themes and narrative structures of the genre. Nonetheless, North Korean literature’s politicization has not excluded tensions and ambiguities, innovation and change, external influences and curiosity toward the other. The international or interplanetary settings of science fiction have thus allowed for the introduction of hitherto unseen affects, characters, and plot devices in North Korean novels and short stories.
NFIA and GATA3 are crucial regulators of embryonic articular cartilage differentiation
Authors: Singh Pratik Narendra Pratap , Yadav Upendra Singh , Azad Kimi , Goswami Pooja , Kinare Veena , Bandyopadhyay Amitabha
Published: October 2018

During appendicular skeletal development, the bi-potential cartilage anlagen gives rise to transient cartilage, which is eventually replaced by bone, and to articular cartilage that caps the ends of individual skeletal elements. While the molecular mechanism that regulates transient cartilage differentiation is relatively well understood, the mechanism of articular cartilage differentiation has only begun to be unraveled. Furthermore, the molecules that coordinate the articular and transient cartilage differentiation processes are poorly understood. Here, we have characterized in chick the regulatory roles of two transcription factors, NFIA and GATA3, in articular cartilage differentiation, maintenance and the coordinated differentiation of articular and transient cartilage. Both NFIA and GATA3 block hypertrophic differentiation. Our results suggest that NFIA is not sufficient but necessary for articular cartilage differentiation. Ectopic activation of GATA3 promotes articular cartilage differentiation, whereas inhibition of GATA3 activity promotes transient cartilage differentiation at the expense of articular cartilage. We propose a novel transcriptional circuitry involved in embryonic articular cartilage differentiation, maintenance and its crosstalk with the transient cartilage differentiation program.
Spatial effects − site-specific regulation of actin and microtubule organization by septin GTPases
Authors: Spiliotis Elias T.
Published: October 2018

The actin and microtubule cytoskeletons comprise a variety of networks with distinct architectures, dynamics and protein composition. A fundamental question in eukaryotic cell biology is how these networks are spatially and temporally controlled, so they are positioned in the right intracellular places at the right time. While significant progress has been made in understanding the self-assembly of actin and microtubule networks, less is known about how they are patterned and regulated in a site-specific manner. In mammalian systems, septins are a large family of GTP-binding proteins that multimerize into higher-order structures, which associate with distinct subsets of actin filaments and microtubules, as well as membranes of specific curvature and lipid composition. Recent studies have shed more light on how septins interact with actin and microtubules, and raised the possibility that the cytoskeletal topology of septins is determined by their membrane specificity. Importantly, new functions have emerged for septins regarding the generation, maintenance and positioning of cytoskeletal networks with distinct organization and biochemical makeup. This Review presents new and past findings, and discusses septins as a unique regulatory module that instructs the local differentiation and positioning of distinct actin and microtubule networks.
Supplemental Oxygen Does Not Influence Self-selected Work Rate at Moderate Altitude
Authors: WILLIAMS KIRSTEN A. , BELL KATHRYN , JACOBS ROBERT A. , SUBUDHI ANDREW W.
Published: October 2018

Introduction

It is well known that supplemental oxygen can increase aerobic power output during high-intensity and/or maximal efforts at moderate altitude, yet the effects on self-selected work rate during lower-intensity, submaximal exercise are unknown. We reasoned that if the degree of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) influences teleoanticipatory regulation of power output, supplemental oxygen given at moderate altitude would increase average power output during exercise performed at self-selected work rates corresponding to RPE 9 (very light) and 13 (somewhat hard).

Methods

Twenty-three subjects (17 males, 6 females) completed one familiarization [fraction of inspired O2 (FIO2) = 0.209] and two blinded, experimental trials (FIO2 = 0.209 and FIO2 = 0.267). In each trial, subjects self-regulated their work rate on a cycle ergometer to maintain RPE 9 for 5 min and RPE 13 for 10 min, before performing an incremental step test to exhaustion (25 W·min−1). Oxygen consumption (V˙O2) and SaO2 via pulse oximetry (SpO2) were continuously monitored. Subjects were asked to guess the experimental condition after each stage of the protocol.

Results

Supplemental oxygen increased SpO2 throughout exercise (~4%; P < 0.001) and was associated with greater peak power output (4% ± 4%; P < 0.001) and V˙O2 (5% ± 10%; P = 0.010) during the incremental test, but did not increase average power output selected during exercise at RPE 9 (P = 0.235) or 13 (P = 0.992). Subjects were unable to perceive the difference in FIO2 at any stage (P > 0.14).

Conclusions

Small increases in inspired oxygen concentration at moderate altitude are imperceptible and do not appear to influence selection of submaximal work rates at RPE ≤ 13.
Έρευνα για την αναγκαιότητα δημιουργίας ενός Πληροφοριακού Συστήματος καταγραφής εξοπλισμού Εργαστηριακού Κέντρου
Authors: Ντουμανάκης Ευστράτιος , Σαμαράς Χρήστος , Νιάρη Μαρία , Βερύκιος Βασίλειος , Τσαγκάρης Απόστολος , Κουτσούκος Βλάσιος
Published: October 2018

Η εργασία αυτή αφορά τη διερεύνηση της αναγκαιότητας δημιουργίας ενός καινοτόμου Πληροφοριακού Συστήματος Διοίκησης Εργαστηριακού Κέντρου που να αφορά τη διαδικασία απογραφής και διαγραφής υλικών και εξοπλισμού των εργαστηριακών υποδομών του Κέντρου. Τα Εργαστηριακά Κέντρα (ΕΚ) διαχειρίζονται εκπαιδευτικό προσωπικό, μαθητές των Επαγγελματικών Λυκείων και ένα τεράστιο εξοπλισμό κατανεμημένο στα εργαστήρια κατεύθυνσης ειδικοτήτων που έχει στην κατοχή του το Κέντρο. Η ανάγκη διερεύνησης της δημιουργίας ενός δομημένου Πληροφοριακού Συστήματος προσαρμοσμένου στις απαιτήσεις ενός Εργαστηριακού Κέντρου προκύπτει από την έλλειψη οποιουδήποτε τέτοιου συστήματος από την υπάρχουσα διοικητική δομή των Εργαστηριακών Κέντρων της χώρας, με αποτέλεσμα την χειρόγραφη ή και μερικώς ηλεκτρονική μέχρι σήμερα απογραφή και διαγραφή των υλικών και του εξοπλισμού με διαφορετικούς από ΕΚ σε ΕΚ τρόπους.
"Εύαθλον": Αναπτύσσοντας την ηθικότητα των μαθητών μέσω της Φυσικής Αγωγής στην Α/θμια και Β/θμια Εκπαίδευση, με εργαλεία μικτής μάθησης.
Authors: Κοτρέτσου Πολυξένη Αντώνιος , Μπουρδανιώτης Πολυχρόνης Δημήτριος
Published: October 2018

Το «Εύαθλον», αποτελεί πρόγραμμα που αποσκοπεί στην ηθική εκπαίδευση των μαθητών/τριών των δύο τελευταίων τάξεων του Δημοτικού και όλων των τάξεων του Γυμνασίου. Βασίζεται τόσο στο Μοντέλο Προσωπικής και Κοινωνικής Υπευθυνότητας (TPSR), όσο και στο Μοντέλο Αθλητικής Εκπαίδευσης (SEM). Η εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία της μικτής μάθησης (ασύγχρονης τηλεκπαίδευσης και βιωματικότητας) που αξιοποιείται στο παρόν, αφήνει στους μαθητές την πρωτοβουλία της ενασχόλησής τους ως προς τον χρόνο, τον τόπο και την συχνότητα πρόσβασής τους στο διαδραστικό, πολυμορφικό εκπαιδευτικό υλικό που αναρτάται στην ηλεκτρονική τάξη του σχολείου τους που δημιουργήθηκε για την εξυπηρέτηση του σκοπού του παρόντος, στο Σύστημα Διαχείρισης Μάθησης (LMS) «Edmodo». Το δικαίωμα αυτό της αυτενέργειας, καθιστά τους μαθητές υπεύθυνους για τη μάθησή τους, επεκτείνει τον εκπαιδευτικό χρόνο που αφιερώνεται στη σχολική Φυσική Αγωγή για την επίτευξη της στοχοθεσίας του μαθήματος, καθώς και αυτόν της συμμετοχής των μαθητών σε επιθυμητές βιωματικές καταστάσεις. Τον μαθησιακό σχεδιασμό διατρέχουν ο κριτικός στοχασμός των εμπειριών που αποκτούνται, το «παίξιμο ρόλων», η επίλυση προβληματικών/διλημματικών καταστάσεων μέσα από τη «δοκιμή σωστού-λάθους», οι «θεματικές ομαδικές δραστηριότητες» και η παροχή πλείστων και ποικίλων ευκαιριών υιοθέτησης επιθυμητών συμπεριφορών, επιφέροντας σημαντικά οφέλη στην ηθικότητα των μαθητών/τριών.