bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of adherence and consequences of the transition from adolescence to adulthood among young people with severe haemophilia (TRANSHEMO): A multicentric French national observational cross‐sectional study based on the FranceCoag registry
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Anh Thu , Auquier Pascal , Beltran Anzola Any , Harroche Annie , Castet Sabine , Huguenin Yoann , Meunier Sandrine , Repesse Yohann , D'Oiron Roseline , Rauch Antoine , Desprez Dominique , Spiegel Alexandra , Chamouni Pierre , Schneider Pascale , Baumstarck Karine , Boucekine Mohamed , Tabele Clémence , Viprey Marie , Leroy Tanguy , Roques Marie‐Anaïs , Sannie Thomas , Giraud Nicolas , Chambost Hervé , Resseguier Noémie ,   the TRANSHEMO Study group
Published: August 2023

Introduction

It is necessary to gain insights into adherence to healthcare in people with severe haemophilia (PwSH), especially during the transition from paediatric to adult care, which is an important phase in lives of young people with childhood chronic disease. This adherence can be considered as a marker of successful transition.

Objectives

The main objective of the quantitative phase of the TRANSHEMO project was to compare the adherence to healthcare between adolescents and young adults (YAs) with severe haemophilia. The secondary objective was to identify the determinants (facilitators and barriers) of this adherence and associations between these determinants.

Methods

A multicentre, observational, cross‐sectional study was conducted in 2017–2019 on PwSH aged between 14 and 17 years (adolescents) or between 20 and 29 years (YAs), included in the FranceCoag registry and having completed the questionnaires. The adherence to healthcare (treatment regimens and clinical follow‐up) was compared between adolescents and YAs using the chi‐squared test. The determinants of this adherence were analysed by structural equation modelling.

Results

There were 277 participants, 107 adolescents, and 170 YAs. The rate of adolescents adhering to healthcare was 82.2%, while the rate of YAs was 61.2% (p < .001). The barriers to the adherence to healthcare were being YA, having repeated at least one school grade and presenting mental health concerns.

Conclusion

Adolescents had better adherence to healthcare than YAs. According to the determinants enlightened in this project, targeted supportive strategies and adapted therapeutic education programs can be developed for young PwSH to facilitate their adherence to healthcare.
The engagement of older people living with chronic lung disease in a peer support community‐based exercise programme: A qualitative study
Authors: Middleton Rebekkah , Metusela Christine , Marriott‐Statham Kelly , Ferguson Caleb , Davidson Patricia M.
Published: August 2023

Background

Chronic lung disease is a common and complex condition. Pulmonary rehabilitation programmes—either hospital‐based or in the community are recommended in evidence‐based clinical practice guidelines.

Aim

To explore the experience of older people with chronic lung disease involved in a peer support community‐based exercise maintenance programme.

Design and Method

Participants were a part of the Lungs in Action programme run in a local community leisure centre through Lung Foundation Australia. All the programme participants (n = 25) were invited by an independent person through email and/or letter to participate in the study and provided with a participant information and consent form. Participants who returned consent forms were scheduled for group interviews. Participants were recruited over a 2‐week period between 30 August and 13 September 2022. We conducted qualitative group interviews using a semi‐structured interview guide to explore the experiences of older people living with chronic lung disease. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

A total of 14 participants (eight female and six male) aged between 64 and 86 years were interviewed. Three themes emerged from the data: motivation, authentic social engagement, and sustainable achievement. Motivation stemmed from the participants' perceived health benefits, and from the trainers' motivation and encouragement. Participants discussed how sharing experiences created an environment of trust and understanding, fun and friendship. Social engagement and creating authentic relationships were key aspects raised by participants. Feeling more confident in themselves and being able to accomplish physical tasks, making activities of daily living more manageable featured highly in participants' responses.

Discussion and Conclusion

Community‐based peer support exercise groups enable environments for people with chronic lung disease to maintain physical fitness, and to connect with others to form friendships and have fun.
Genomic tools for comparative conservation genetics among three recently diverged stag beetles (Lucanus, Lucanidae)
Authors: De Vivo Mattia , Chou Min‐Hsun , Wu Shu‐Ping , Kuan Yi‐Hsiu , Chen Wei‐Yun , Wang Liang‐Jong , Morgan Brett , Phang Guan‐Jie , Huang Jen‐Pan
Published: August 2023

We are witnessing a rapid decline in global biodiversity. International protocols and local conservation laws have been installed to counter such an unprecedent rate of decline.

However, quantitatively evaluating how much biodiversity has been lost due to climatic and anthropogenic effects and how much biodiversity has been restored due to conservation efforts remains challenging.

We applied a comparative conservation genomic approach to statistically and quantitatively address these questions using three geographical taxa from a stag beetle species complex.

We found that the three sky‐island taxa formed three independently evolving units without detectable post‐divergence gene flow; furthermore, the three taxa, which have been divergent from each other since the mid‐Pleistocene, have experienced episodes of demographic decline in the past.

More importantly, even though idiosyncratic anthropogenic exploitations have been hypothesised to impact the recent demographic history (<100 years) differently, we found a shared pattern of continuous decline in effective population size among the three geographical taxa.

We argue that future empirical studies should include more taxa, in addition to the focal species, that may or may not be affected by the focal historical events to avoid making biased conservation plans.
Effect of nano∖micro‐textures on the enhancement of tool wear resistance in green ceramics processing
Authors: Liu Yayun , Zhang Kedong , Zhu Qi , Wang Chuanyang
Published: August 2023

The processing of green ceramics aims to obtain parts with complex shapes and good surface quality. This paper prepared tools with micro/nano‐textured flank face by femtosecond laser to improve the cutting performance in processing of Al2O3 green ceramics. The wear resistance of cutting tools and characteristics of machined compacts are analyzed. Results shows that textures can improve the wear resistance of cutting tools and surface quality of green ceramics. Micro/nano‐textured tools own the best cutting performance, the improvement rate of wear resistance and surface roughness can reach 28.5% and 25% respectively. The reasonable mechanisms are explained by the storage of powder chips and the derivative‐cutting phenomenon by textures. The derivative‐cutting behavior can prevent cutting tool from severe abrasive wear by hard phase particles. The storage function prevents the powder chips from scratching the unworn surface of cutting tools, and the additional scratching of the machined surface by the hard phase particles is reduced. The two functions contribute to the improvement of cutting performance of micro/nano‐textured tools.
Bath psoralen plus ultraviolet‐A photochemotherapy for chronic graft‐versus‐host disease: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kassem Riad , Barzilai Aviv , Pras Elon , Sizopoulou Christina , Pavlotsky Felix
Published: August 2023

Background

Chronic graft‐versus‐host disease is a severe complication of allogeneic stem cell and bone marrow transplantation. First‐line immunosuppressive agents, such as steroids, are used to prevent this disease; however, they have multiple side effects. Therefore, bath psoralen plus ultraviolet‐A (PUVA) is an alternative second‐line treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of bath PUVA for managing chronic graft‐versus‐host disease.

Methods

This retrospective, case–control study included 14 patients with extensive cutaneous chronic graft‐versus‐host disease, resistant to systemic corticosteroid, treated with bath PUVA. Major and partial responses were defined as clinical improvements of >70% and 50–70%, respectively. We analyzed the graft‐versus‐host disease clinical presentation and timing after allogeneic stem cell and bone marrow transplantation, bath PUVA doses, background diseases, additional treatments, and adverse effects.

Results

We observed eight major (three lichenoid and five sclerodermatoid) and six partial (three lichenoid and three sclerodermatoid) responses after a mean of 28 treatment sessions. After 6 to 25 months, four of the eight patients with sclerodermatoid lesions and all those with lichenoid lesions experienced relapse but responded to additional treatment cycles.

Conclusions

Bath PUVA is well‐tolerated and effective for extensive cutaneous chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. It allows rapid tapering of adjuvant immunosuppressants; however, most patients require prolonged maintenance phototherapy.
Interference of bovine hemoglobin‐based oxygen carrier‐201 (Hemopure) on four hematology analyzers
Authors: Bronkhorst‐van der Helm Marinke W. , Weerkamp Floor , Huisman Albert , Huisman Elise J. , Russcher Henk
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers, for example HBOC‐201 (Hemopure), are aimed to bridge acute anemia when blood transfusion is not available or refused by the patient. However, since HBOC‐201 appears free in plasma, it interferes with laboratory tests. This study presents an overview of HBOC‐201 interference on four commonly used hematology analyzers and suggests treatment monitoring possibilities.

Methods

Blood samples were spiked with therapeutic doses of HBOC‐201 and nine hematology parameters were measured with the Sysmex XN‐20, Siemens Advia 2120i, Abbott Alinity Hq and Abbot Cell Dyn Sapphire hematology analyzers. The results were compared to control samples and the bias was determined.

Results

Most parameters, including all cell counts, hematocrit and MCV, showed a non‐significant bias compared to control. However, the standard, total hemoglobin (Hb) measurement as well as MCH and MCHC showed poor agreement with control, as HBOC‐201 was included in this measurement. Yet, the flow cytometry‐based Hb method quantified intracellular Hb in spiked samples, excluding HBOC‐201.

Conclusion

Of all included hematology parameters, only total Hb and the associated MCH and MCHC suffered from interference. In contrast, the flow cytometry‐based Hb measurement provided an accurate measure of intracellular Hb. The difference between total Hb and cellular Hb represents the HBOC‐201 concentration and can be used to monitor HBOC‐201 treatment.
Per‐oral endoscopic myotomy in cases with prior Heller's myotomy: Outcomes at a median follow‐up of 5 years
Authors: Nabi Zaheer , Ramchandani Mohan , Basha Jahangeer , Inavolu Pradev , Kotla Rama , Goud Rajesh , Darisetty Santosh , Reddy Duvvur Nageshwar
Published: August 2023

Background and Aim

Per‐oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an established treatment for achalasia cardia. However, data on the long‐term efficacy of POEM in patients with failed Heller's myotomy (HM) are limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of POEM in patients with persistent or recurrent symptoms following HM.

Methods

Data of patients with recurrence of symptoms after HM who underwent POEM (September 2013 to December 2022) were analyzed, retrospectively. Primary outcome was clinical success [Eckardt score (ES) ≤ 3]. Secondary outcomes included improvement of manometry parameters, barium emptying at 5 min and gastroesophageal reflux (esophagitis and increased esophageal acid exposure) after POEM.

Results

Seventy‐two cases (45.9 ± 13.4 years, 43 men) with history of HM were included in the study. The subtypes of achalasia were type 1 (40.3%), type 2 (37.5%), and unknown (19.4%). Prior treatment included HM in 48 (66.7%), HM plus pneumatic dilatation in 20 (27.8%), and HM plus pneumatic dilatation and Botox in 4 (5.5%). Technical success was achieved in all cases. Mean length of myotomy was 10.7 ± 3.3 cm, and mean procedure duration was 59.2 ± 25.9 min. There was significant improvement in ES (pre‐POEM 6.5 ± 1.8 vs post‐POEM 0.7 ± 0.7), lower esophageal sphincter pressure pressures (31.7 ± 12.5 vs 13.3 ± 5.7 mmHg) and barium emptying (14.2 ± 4.2 vs 2.4 ± 3.1 cm) after POEM. At a median follow‐up of 63 months (IQR 40–95), clinical success (ES ≤ 3) was documented in 58 (80.6%) patients. Reflux esophagitis and increased esophageal acid exposure were recorded in 28 of 49 (57.1%) and 11 of 20 (55%) patients, respectively.

Conclusion

POEM is a durable treatment modality in cases with relapse of symptoms after HM.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in people living with dementia receiving home health services
Authors: Lassell Rebecca K. F. , Lin Shih‐Yin , Convery Kimberly , Fletcher Jason , Chippendale Tracy , Jones Tessa , Durga Aditi , Galvin James E. , Rupper Randall W. , Brody Abraham A.
Published: August 2023

Background

We sought to describe neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) among people living with dementia (PLWD) from diverse racial and ethnic groups receiving home health services while accounting for dementia severity, individual symptom prevalence, and neighborhood disadvantage.

Methods

A prospective study using cross‐sectional data from n = 192 PLWD receiving skilled home healthcare in New Jersey enrolled in the Dementia Symptom Management at Home Program trial. We prospectively measured symptom prevalence with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire and dementia severity using the Quick Dementia Rating System. A one‐way ANOVA determined NPS prevalence by dementia severity (mild, moderate, severe). Fisher's exact tests were used to assess the association of individual symptom prevalence with race and ethnicity and cross tabs to descriptively stratify individual symptom prevalence by dementia severity among groups. A Pearson correlation was performed to determine if a correlation existed among neighborhood disadvantages measured by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) state decile scores and NPS prevalence and severity.

Results

Participants identified as non‐Hispanic White (50%), non‐Hispanic Black (30%), or Hispanic (13%). NPS were prevalent in 97% of participants who experienced 5.4 ± 2.6 symptoms with increased severity (10.8 ± 6.6) and care partner distress (13.8 ± 10.8). NPS increased with dementia severity (p = 0.004) with the greatest difference seen between individuals with mild dementia (4.3 ± 2.3) versus severe dementia (5.9 ± 2.3; p = 0.002). Few differences were found in symptom prevalence by racial and ethnic sub‐groups. Nighttime behaviors were higher in non‐Hispanic Black (78%), compared with non‐Hispanic Whites (46%) with moderate dementia, p = 0.042. State ADI scores were not correlated with the number of NPS reported, or severity.

Conclusions

NPS were prevalent and increased with dementia severity with commonalities among racial and ethnic groups with varying levels of neighborhood disadvantage. There is a need for effective methods for improving NPS identification, assessment, and management broadly for homebound PLWD.
Global Pricing of Carbon‐Transition Risk
Authors: BOLTON PATRICK , KACPERCZYK MARCIN
Published: August 2023

The energy transition away from fossil fuels exposes companies to carbon‐transition risk. Estimating the market‐based premium associated with carbon‐transition risk in a cross section of 14,400 firms in 77 countries, we find higher stock returns associated with higher levels and growth rates of carbon emissions in all sectors and most countries. Carbon premia related to emissions growth are greater for firms located in countries with lower economic development, larger energy sectors, and less inclusive political systems. Premia related to emission levels are higher in countries with stricter domestic climate policies. The latter have increased with investor awareness about climate change risk.
Missing Price Information and Its Impact on Equilibrium Price Dispersion: Evidence From Gasoline Signboards*
Authors: Noel Michael D. , Qiang Hongjie
Published: August 2023

This article seeks to quantify the importance of price information in reducing consumer search costs and equilibrium price dispersion in a competitive setting. It exploits a natural experiment in the retail gasoline industry in which stations post the prices of only certain grades of gasoline on large street‐side signboards, and not others, except where required by law. Differential‐by‐grade signboard information predicts a specific curvature in price dispersion across grades, and differentiates itself from other noninformational factors such as income and cost. The impact of readily‐available price information on search and price dispersion is found to be exceptionally large.
Empirical testing of cryoconite granulation: Role of cyanobacteria in the formation of key biogenic structure darkening glaciers in polar regions
Authors: Wejnerowski Łukasz , Poniecka Ewa , Buda Jakub , Klimaszyk Piotr , Piasecka Agnieszka , Dziuba Marcin Krzysztof , Mugnai Gianmarco , Takeuchi Nozomu , Zawierucha Krzysztof
Published: August 2023

Cryoconite, the dark sediment on the surface of glaciers, often aggregates into oval or irregular granules serving as biogeochemical factories. They reduce a glacier's albedo, act as biodiversity hotspots by supporting aerobic and anaerobic microbial communities, constitute one of the organic matter (OM) sources on glaciers, and are a feeder for micrometazoans. Although cryoconite granules have multiple roles on glaciers, their formation is poorly understood. Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous and abundant engineers of cryoconite hole ecosystems. This study tested whether cyanobacteria may be responsible for cryoconite granulation as a sole biotic element. Incubation of Greenlandic, Svalbard, and Scandinavian cyanobacteria in different nutrient availabilities and substrata for growth (distilled water alone and water with quartz powder, furnaced cryoconite without OM, or powdered rocks from glacial catchment) revealed that cyanobacteria bind mineral particles into granules. The structures formed in the experiment resembled those commonly observed in natural cryoconite holes: they contained numerous cyanobacterial filaments protruding from aggregated mineral particles. Moreover, all examined strains were confirmed to produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which suggests that cryoconite granulation is most likely due to EPS secretion by gliding cyanobacteria. In the presence of water as the only substrate for growth, cyanobacteria formed mostly carpet‐like mats. Our data empirically prove that EPS‐producing oscillatorialean cyanobacteria isolated from the diverse community of cryoconite microorganisms can form granules from mineral substrate and that the presence of the mineral substrate increases the probability of the formation of these important and complex biogeochemical microstructures on glaciers.
Association between androgenetic alopecia and periodontitis
Authors: Karasu Yerda Özkan , Orbak Recep , Kaşalı Kamber , Berker Ezel , Kantarci Alpdogan
Published: August 2023

Aim

Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is men's most common form of hair loss. It is affected by changes in the expression and activity of 5αR and the metabolism of testosterone and DHT. There is an association between AGA and systemic inflammatory diseases. We hypothesized that there is an association between AGA and periodontal disease, as inflamed gingiva and periodontal fibroblasts have been shown to express more 5αR. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and AGA and the potential effect of aging on this association.

Materials and Methods

Out of a cohort of 1088 individuals, 385 white males aged 25–65 with similar socioeconomic levels and without systemic disease were included. Periodontitis was defined using NHANES data. AGA was evaluated using the Norwood–Hamilton scale. The relationship between AGA, periodontal disease severity, and age was assessed.

Results

There was a correlation between age and baldness (r = .421, p < .001). There was a significant correlation between AGA and periodontal disease in younger patients aged 25–34 and 35–44. (p < .042 and p < .036, respectively). There was no significant correlation between AGA and periodontal disease in the 45–54 and 55–65 age groups (p > .05).

Conclusion

There may be a relationship between periodontal disease and AGA in the 25–44 age range, suggesting that this association starts at an early age in adulthood.
Mild to moderate increases in activity are associated with increased seizure incidence in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy receiving anti‐epileptic drugs
Authors: Cameron S. , Grady K. M. , Kent S. P. , Sousa M. M.
Published: August 2023

Objective

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder, and approximately 25% to 30% of dogs with epilepsy are refractory to anti‐epileptic drugs. As increased activity has been shown to reduce seizure frequency in people with epilepsy, the goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between deviation from baseline activity and seizure incidence in dogs with epilepsy.

Materials and Methods

Activity and seizure data were obtained using a canine activity monitoring device and owner observed seizure logs in 53 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy receiving anti‐epileptic drugs. Each dog's activity was individually measured, and 14‐day baseline averages were calculated. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate how an observed increase in activity, ranging from 0% to 50%, above baseline activity, affects the incidence of a seizure in the following 24 hours.

Results

A total of 8540 activity days and 365 seizure days were used in the final analysis with an average of 11 seizures per dog (range 0 to 30 seizures). Seizure incidence was significantly more likely when activity was 10%, 20%, or 30% above baseline activity in the 24 hours before the day of a documented seizure [95% confidence interval (1.02 to 1.60), P=0.033; 95% confidence interval (1.08 to 1.80), P=0.010; 95% confidence interval (1.13 to 2.07), P=0.005, respectively]. However, when activity levels were 40% and 50% above baseline, the effect diminished (95% confidence interval (0.74 to 1.70), P=0.532; or 95% confidence interval (0.56 to 1.66), P=0.988, respectively).

Clinical Significance

Differently than in humans, this study demonstrated that a mild to moderate increase in activity resulted in a higher seizure incidence within 24 hours in dogs with epilepsy.
Expansion microscopy of apicomplexan parasites
Authors: Liffner Benjamin , Absalon Sabrina
Published: August 2023

Apicomplexan parasites comprise significant pathogens of humans, livestock and wildlife, but also represent a diverse group of eukaryotes with interesting and unique cell biology. The study of cell biology in apicomplexan parasites is complicated by their small size, and historically this has required the application of cutting‐edge microscopy techniques to investigate fundamental processes like mitosis or cell division in these organisms. Recently, a technique called expansion microscopy has been developed, which rather than increasing instrument resolution like most imaging modalities, physically expands a biological sample. In only a few years since its development, a derivative of expansion microscopy known as ultrastructure‐expansion microscopy (U‐ExM) has been widely adopted and proven extremely useful for studying cell biology of Apicomplexa. Here, we review the insights into apicomplexan cell biology that have been enabled through the use of U‐ExM, with a specific focus on Plasmodium, Toxoplasma and Cryptosporidium. Further, we summarize emerging expansion microscopy modifications and modalities and forecast how these may influence the field of parasite cell biology in future.
Assessing digital accessible botanical knowledge and priorities for exploration and discovery of plant diversity across Mesoamerica
Authors: Ramírez‐Barahona Santiago , Cuervo‐Robayo Angela P. , Magallón Susana
Published: August 2023

Digital accessible biodiversity knowledge has the potential to greatly advance botanical research and guide conservation efforts. Evaluating its shortfalls is key to understanding its limits and prioritising regions in need of renewed survey efforts.

We used the Royal Botanical Gardens Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants to parse publicly available occurrence data downloaded from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and quantify the spatial distribution of spatial, phylogenetic, and temporal data shortfalls across Mesoamerica.

After processing 3578 777 occurrence records for 32 522 species of vascular plants across Mesoamerica, we found evidence of poor data coverage: incomplete characterisation of species diversity, old occurrence records, and low phylogenetic representation. One‐third of the region showed large gaps for at least one of these dimensions (hotspots) and < 15% had adequate data coverage across dimensions.

Overall, the shortfalls we identified compromise the quality of digitally available occurrence data and hamper research on spatial phylogenetics and species dynamics under anthropogenic disturbances. Our analyses identified areas of opportunity for increased efforts in data digitisation, botanical exploration, sequencing, and biodiversity monitoring. These efforts would serve to increase and rejuvenate knowledge on the geographic distribution of vascular plants in Mesoamerica.
Neurovascular segregation of the retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucoma
Authors: Yow Ai Ping , Chua Jacqueline , Tan Bingyao , Chong Rachel , Nongpiur Monisha E. , Gupta Preeti , Lamoureux Ecosse , Husain Rahat , Schmetterer Leopold , Wong Damon
Published: August 2023

The imaging data of one eye from 154 healthy and 143 glaucoma participants were acquired to evaluate the contributions of the neuronal and vascular components within the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) for detecting glaucoma and modeling visual field loss through the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography. The neuronal and vascular components within the circumpapillary RNFL were independently evaluated. In healthy eyes, the neuronal component showed a stronger association with age (r = −0.52, p < 0.001) compared to measured RNFL thickness (r = −0.46, p < 0.001). Using the neuronal component alone improved detection of glaucoma (AUC: 0.890 ± 0.020) compared to measured RNFL thickness (AUC: 0.877 ± 0.021; χ2 = 5.54, p = 0.019). Inclusion of the capillary components with the sectoral neuronal component resulted in a significant improvement in glaucoma detection (AUC: 0.927 ± 0.015; χ2 = 15.34, p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, AUC increased to 0.952 ± 0.011. Results from modeling visual field loss in glaucoma eyes suggest that visual field losses associated with neuronal thinning were moderated in eyes with a larger capillary component. These findings suggest that segregation of the neurovascular components could help improve understanding of disease pathophysiology and affect disease management in glaucoma.
Teaching children with food allergy to recognize anaphylaxis: The caregivers' perspectives
Authors: Keohane Hannah , Cronin Caoimhe , O'Rourke Eimear , O'Kelly Ciobha , Ramesh Yukta , Flores Laura , Velasco Roberto , Trujillo Juan
Published: August 2023

Background

Anaphylaxis is rising in prevalence among children. The current recommendations on the effective transition of anaphylaxis management to adolescents and young adults suggest preparation for the transition may be considered at 11–13 years of age in accordance with the patient's developmental stage. However, there has been limited research conducted on the perspective of caregivers regarding the transition of anaphylaxis management to their children. This study aims to determine the age caregivers feel it is appropriate to begin to teach their child to recognize anaphylaxis and use their adrenaline auto‐injectors (AAI).

Methods

Caregivers of pediatric allergy patients who have been diagnosed with IgE‐mediated food allergy and have an AAI prescription were contacted by phone and invited to complete a questionnaire about when they feel it is appropriate to begin to teach their child to recognize anaphylaxis and use their AAI.

Results

Of the 123 responses to the questionnaire received, 44.7% indicated that 9–11 years was the appropriate time for teaching their children to self‐inject an AAI. History of severe anaphylaxis (94.3%), child's ability to describe reasons to inject adrenaline (87.8%), and demonstrate AAI use (82.1%) were “very important” readiness factors identified. Almost half of caregivers were “not confident” (8.94%) or “somewhat confident” (40.65%) in training their child to use AAI. Caregivers with higher household incomes more frequently identified themselves as the party responsible for training their children to use AAI (p = .04).

Conclusion

Caregivers in this sample expressed different perspectives than the current guidelines regarding the timing to initiate the transition of anaphylaxis management to their child. Caregivers expressed suboptimal confidence in teaching their children to use AAI. Clinicians should be aware of the factors that may indicate caregivers' desire to initiate an earlier transition of anaphylaxis management to their child and ensure access to appropriate training, education and support is available.
The combination of Ara h 2‐sIgE and basophil activation test could be an alternative to oral food challenge in cases of suspected peanut allergy
Authors: Carrette Marion , Couderc Laure , Bubenheim Michael , Vidal Alexandra , Youssouf Asmynour , Boyer Olivier , Marguet Christophe , Martinet Jérémie
Published: August 2023

Background

Most children with peanut sensitisation do not have a clinical peanut allergy (PA). Oral food challenge (OFC) is then necessary to diagnose PA and assess the reactive dose of the allergen. However, OFC is laborious to perform, expensive and stressful. We evaluated whether in vitro tests, such as basophil activation test (BAT), allergen‐specific IgE (sIgE) and their combination, could be used to replace OFC for the diagnosis of PA in children.

Methods

Ninety‐one patients aged 6 months to 18 years with suspected PA were prospectively recruited. These patients then underwent an OFC to assess PA. Whole peanut‐sIgE, Ara h 2‐sIgE, Ara h 8‐sIgE and %CD63+ basophils (CCR3+/SCClow) to peanut measured by BAT were investigated for PA diagnosis.

Results

Forty‐one patients had a positive peanut OFC, and the remaining 50 were only sensitised. All patients with Ara h 2‐sIgE >7 kUA/L were allergic to peanut. A threshold of 6% for activated basophils yielded a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 54%. All patients with Ara h 2‐sIgE ≤7 kUA/L and BAT ≤6% (n = 22) had a negative OFC except for one who presented an oral syndrome due to PR‐10 sensitisation.

Conclusions

We have shown that Ara h 2‐sIgE >7 kUA/L is a discriminating threshold for the diagnosis of PA. Furthermore, when Ara h 2‐sIgE ≤7 kUA/L and BAT ≤6%, patients do not need to adjust their diet and, thus, do not need an OFC.
Directed evolution rice genes with randomly multiplexed sgRNAs assembly of base editors
Authors: Zhang Ao , Shan Tiaofeng , Sun Yan , Chen Zhipeng , Hu Jianjian , Hu Zhichao , Ming Ziheng , Zhu Zhitao , Li Xue , He Jun , Liu Shijia , Jiang Ling , Dong Xiaoou , Wu Yufeng , Wang Yanpeng , Liu Yuqiang , Li Chao , Wan Jianmin
Published: August 2023

CRISPR‐based directed evolution is an effective breeding biotechnology to improve agronomic traits in plants. However, its gene diversification is still limited using individual single guide RNA. We described here a multiplexed orthogonal base editor (MoBE), and a randomly multiplexed sgRNAs assembly strategy to maximize gene diversification. MoBE could induce efficiently orthogonal ABE (<36.6%), CBE (<36.0%), and A&CBE (<37.6%) on different targets, while the sgRNA assembling strategy randomized base editing events on various targets. With respective 130 and 84 targets from each strand of the 34th exon of rice acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (OsACC), we observed the target‐scaffold combination types up to 27 294 in randomly dual and randomly triple sgRNA libraries. We further performed directed evolution of OsACC using MoBE and randomly dual sgRNA libraries in rice, and obtained single or linked mutations of stronger herbicide resistance. These strategies are useful for in situ directed evolution of functional genes and may accelerate trait improvement in rice.
Delayed ulceration following combination pulse dye laser and topical sirolimus treatment for port wine birthmarks: A case series
Authors: Hobayan Catherine Grace P. , Nourse Elizabeth J. , Paradiso Michela M. , Fernandez Faith Esteban
Published: August 2023

Port wine birthmarks (PWB) are capillary vascular malformations within the papillary and reticular dermis, most commonly occurring on the head and neck and may darken and thicken with age. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is the gold standard of treatment for PWB as it selectively targets involved vessels. Sirolimus is a macrolide antibiotic that selectively inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin, thereby suppressing the angiogenesis pathways that can be activated by PDL. Sirolimus and PDL may be used together to treat PWB. We present a case series describing three cases of delayed ulceration and systemic sirolimus absorption following combination therapy, highlighting a potential complication and patient safety concern.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal system problems in children working in Turkey's automotive industry
Authors: Bozdag Fatma , BALCI Serap
Published: August 2023

Objective

This epidemiology study was conducted to determine the musculoskeletal system problems of children working in the automotive industry and related factors affecting them in the province of Şanlıurfa, the Turkish province where the child population is the highest at 44.9%.

Design and Methods

A cross‐sectional descriptive type study of 256 children aged 7–17 years working in Şanlıurfa Evren Auto Industry Site and Birecik Fırat Auto Industry Site was carried out between April and September 2021.

Results

The majority (55.9%) of the children spent most of their time afoot while working and had musculoskeletal symptoms, with a duration of more than one year. The body areas with the most symptoms were the waist, feet, and hands, respectively. These symptoms had not occurred before a child started working and were affected by the posture they worked in, and their daily working and sleep hours.

Conclusion

Public health nurses are in a position to ensure that tetanus vaccination of working children, employment examinations, routine health checks, and necessary personal protective equipment are available. They can also work to ensure that children work for legal periods, get paid their wages, have health insurance, receive apprenticeship training, and only start working when they reach the age of being an apprentice or apprentice candidate.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals blastomere heterogeneity of 2‐cell embryos in pigs
Authors: Fang Ting , Wang Fang , Zhang Rong , Du Zhi‐Qiang , Yang Cai‐Xia
Published: August 2023

In mammals, single blastomeres from as early as 2‐cell embryos demonstrate heterogeneous developmental capacity and fate decision into different cell lineages. However, mechanisms underlying blastomere heterogeneity of 2‐cell embryos remain largely unresolved. Here, we analysed the molecular heterogeneity of full‐length mRNAs and their 3′UTR regions, based on the single‐cell RNA‐seq data of pig 2‐cell embryos generated from in vivo fertilization (in vivo), in vitro fertilization (in vitro) and parthenogenetic activation (PA), respectively. First, unsupervised clustering helped discover two different groups of blastomeres for 2‐cell pig embryos. Between these two groups of blastomeres in pig 2‐cell embryos, 35, 301 and 428 full‐length mRNAs respectively in in vivo, in vitro and PA embryo types were identified to be differentially expressed (padj ≤ .05 and |log2[fold change]| ≥1) (DE mRNAs), while 92, 89 and 42 mRNAs were shown to be with significantly different 3′UTR lengths (3′UTR DE) (padj ≤ .05). Gene enrichment for both DE mRNAs and 3′UTR DE mRNAs found multiple signalling pathways, including cell cycle, RNA processing. Few numbers of common DE mRNAs and 3′UTR DE mRNAs existed between in vitro and in vivo blastomeres derived from 2‐cell embryos, indicating the larger differences between in vitro and in vivo fertilized embryos. Integrative genomics viewer analysis further identified that 3′UTRs of HSDL2 and SGTA (in vivo), FAM204A and phosphoserine phosphatase (in vitro), PRPF40A and RPIA (PA) had >100 nt average length changes. Moreover, numbers and locations of regulatory elements (polyadenylation site, cytoplasmic polyadenylation element and microRNA binding sites) within 3′UTRs of these DE mRNAs were predicted. These results indicate that molecular heterogeneity existed among blastomeres from different types of pig 2‐cell embryos, providing useful information and novel insights into future functional investigation on its relationship with the subsequent embryo development and differentiation.
Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton regulates tumour‐associated macrophage polarization by reprogramming M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages via STAT1/STAT6 pathways
Authors: Chen Wei , Guo Qianyu , Zhang Yi , Liu Qianwen , Zhang Yanan , Zhao Chunfang , Li Xuehui , Bai Xue , Zhang Lei , Shao Suxia
Published: August 2023

Targeted therapy with tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) has emerged as a new paradigm for immunotherapy of cervical cancer. Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (Nr‐CWS) for external use is an immunotherapeutic agent. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of Nr‐CWS on TAMs and the potential mechanisms. Cervical tissue samples were collected before and after Nr‐CWS treatment from patients with high‐risk HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The effect of Nr‐CWS on macrophages in vivo was examined by immunohistochemistry and double‐labeling immunofluorescence histochemistry. In vitro experiments were performed using a TAM model established by THP‐1 cells under Nr‐CWS treatment. We found that Nr‐CWS treatment significantly reduced the numbers of total macrophages and M2 macrophages, increased the proportion of M1 macrophages and decreased the proportion of M2 macrophages in cervical tissues. After Nr‐CWS treatment in vitro, the expression levels of the M1 macrophage markers were increased, while the expression levels of the M2 macrophage markers were decreased. Nr‐CWS treatment also activated STAT1 pathways but inhibited STAT6 pathways. These results indicated that Nr‐CWS may improve local immune response and reverse immunosuppression by regulating the M2 to M1 polarization of TAMs via STAT1/STAT6 pathways.
“An unreserved yea‐saying even to suffering”: A skeptical defense of Nietzschean life affirmation
Authors: Mollison James A.
Published: August 2023

After examining the problem that gratuitous suffering poses for Nietzsche's notion of life affirmation, I mount a skeptical response to this problem on Nietzsche's behalf. I then consider an orthogonal objection to Nietzschean life affirmation, which argues that the need to justify life is symptomatic of life denial and show how strengthening the skeptical defense sidesteps this worry. Nietzsche's skepticism about our all‐too‐human, epistemic position thus aids his project of life affirmation in two ways. First, it suggests that we are unable to determine reliably whether a given instance of suffering is, in fact, gratuitous. Second, it provides a corrective to the moralistic need to redeem life, showing that all attempts to justify life as a whole are epistemically fraught. Before concluding, I examine Nietzsche's reasons for advancing such an epistemological argument and suggest how we might approach life affirmation in nonrational terms.
Understanding suicidality in Pacific adolescents in New Zealand using network analysis
Authors: Gossage Lisa E. , Narayanan Ajit , Dipnall Joanna F. , Berk Michael , Sumich Alexander , Haslbeck Jonas M. B. , Iusitini Leon , Wrapson Wendy , Tautolo El‐Shadan , Siegert Richard
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Pacific adolescents in New Zealand (NZ) are three to four times more likely than NZ European adolescents to report suicide attempts and have higher rates of suicidal plans. Suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts, termed suicidality in this study, result from a complex dynamic interplay of factors, which emerging methodologies like network analysis aim to capture.

Methods

This study used cross‐sectional network analysis to model the relationships between suicidality, self‐harm, and individual depression symptoms, whilst conditioning on a multi‐dimensional set of variables relevant to suicidality. A series of network models were fitted to data from a community sample of New Zealand‐born Pacific adolescents (n = 550; 51% male; Mean age (SD) = 17 (0.35)).

Results

Self‐harm and the depression symptom measuring pessimism had the strongest associations with suicidality, followed by symptoms related to having a negative self‐image about looks and sadness. Nonsymptom risk factors for self‐harm and suicidality differed markedly.

Conclusions

Depression symptoms varied widely in terms of their contribution to suicidality, highlighting the valuable information gained from analysing depression at the symptom‐item level. Reducing the sources of pessimism and building self‐esteem presented as potential targets for alleviating suicidality amongst Pacific adolescents in New Zealand. Suicide prevention strategies need to include risk factors for self‐harm.
Chinese adolescents’ attitudes and beliefs about shy, unsociable, and socially avoidant peers
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Zhao Qinghua
Published: August 2023

Peers play an important role in socially withdrawn adolescents’ adjustment. Using a dyadic peer‐rating approach, this study examined adolescents’ attitudes and beliefs about real‐world, rather than hypothetical, subtypes of socially withdrawn peers. Data were drawn from 274 adolescents (Mage = 13.23 years, SD = .68; 52% boys) from rural China. Adolescents rated each classmate's withdrawal motivation (shyness, unsociability, and social avoidance) and attitudes and beliefs about each classmate, including affiliative preference, social acceptance, prosocial orientation, teacher liking, negative impact, and learning problems. Results indicated that adolescents had pervasive negative perceptions of socially avoidant peers on all the outcomes except for teacher liking, and occasionally negative perceptions of shy peers, including low social acceptance and more learning problems. In contrast, adolescents did not perceive unsociable peers differently compared to non‐withdrawn peers. Gender differences were found only for social avoidance with avoidant girls occasionally eliciting more negative perceptions than avoidant boys. These findings uncovered the complexity of young adolescents’ perceptions of socially withdrawn peers in rural China and highlight the need for more efforts to support the healthy development of socially avoidant adolescents.
On endomorphism algebras of Gelfand–Graev representations II
Authors: Li Tzu‐Jan , Shotton Jack
Published: August 2023

Let be a connected reductive group defined over a finite field of characteristic , with Deligne–Lusztig dual . We show that, over where is the product of all bad primes for , the endomorphism ring of a Gelfand–Graev representation of is isomorphic to the Grothendieck ring of the category of finite‐dimensional ‐representations of .
Cut‐and‐join operators for higher Weil–Petersson volumes
Authors: Alexandrov Alexander
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we construct the cut‐and‐join operator description for the generating functions of all intersection numbers of , , and classes on the moduli spaces . The cut‐and‐join operators define an algebraic version of topological recursion. This recursion allows us to compute all these intersection numbers recursively. For the specific values of parameters, the generating functions describe the volumes of moduli spaces of (super) hyperbolic Riemann surfaces with geodesic boundaries, which are also related to the Jackiw–Teitelboim (JT) (super)gravity.
Perceptions of High-Intensity Interval Training Among People With Spinal Cord Injury: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
Authors: Peters Joseph , Halloran Kellie , Teague Alexander , Erlenbach Emily , Abou Libak , Kersh Mariana , Rice Ian
Published: August 2023

This mixed-method project investigated how people with spinal cord injury perceive high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Using a recumbent hand cycle, 11 active men and 9 active women with spinal cord injury or related disease participated in a single HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) session. Following exercise, participants completed surveys assessing enjoyment, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations. Ten participants were randomly selected to participate in a semistructured interview to assess perceptions toward HIIT. Quantitative survey data revealed that participants trended toward enjoying HIIT over MICT (p = .06) with similar levels of self-efficacy and outcome expectations toward HIIT and MICT (p > .05). Qualitative data revealed that participants believed HIIT would enhance long-term physical and self-evaluative outcomes; several barriers emerged that could prevent widespread adoption among the general population with spinal cord injury. Results support HIIT as a viable exercise option, although research should begin exploring ways to remove HIIT-related barriers that people with spinal cord injury may encounter.
Women Physical Education Teacher Education Faculty’s Experiences in Japan and the United States
Authors: Tsuda Emi , Ogiwara Tomoko , Murai Risako , Wyant James , Watanabe Rio , Chen Yung-Ju ‘Ruth’
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore women physical education teacher education faculty’s experiences in Japan and the United States, using an exploratory descriptive case study design. The conceptual framework of the faculty’s job satisfaction underpinned the study. A criterion sampling approach was employed to recruit participants. In total, seven Japanese and eight U.S. women faculty members took part in the study. Data were collected from a survey and a semistructured interview. The semistructured interviews served as the primary source of data. The survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the frequency of the responses was calculated. An inductive thematic analysis was employed to analyze the interview responses. Triangulation, member checking, and peer debriefing ensured the trustworthiness of the data. Relative to overall job satisfaction, the U.S. faculty tend to have higher satisfaction levels in teaching achievement, research expectations, and research productivity compared to Japanese faculty. Four themes were identified from the interview responses: (a) persisting social norms and stereotypes toward women, (b) women’s representation matters, (c) juggling dual roles of being faculty and a mother, and (d) lack of support for mothers at work. This study provided the first evidence of women faculty members’ experiences and perspectives in the field of physical education teacher education in Japan and the United States. Continuous discussion and effort are crucial to creating a more inclusive and supportive environment for all.