bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time patterns in multiple acute cerebral infarcts
Authors: Novotny Vojtech , Khanevski Andrej N , Thomassen Lars , Waje-Andreassen Ulrike , Naess Halvor
Published: November 2016

Background

Multiple acute cerebral infarcts in different arterial territories may be caused by several emboli concurrently or successively.

Aim and/or hypothesis

We hypothesized that the time from stroke onset to magnetic resonance imaging may shed light on underlying mechanisms of multiple acute cerebral infarcts.

Methods

This is a prospective observational cohort study involving 2697 ischemic stroke patients conducted at Haukeland University Hospital between February 2006 and October 2013. Only patients with diffusion-weighted imaging lesions in more than one arterial territory (left or right anterior circulation or posterior circulation) were included. The time from stroke onset to magnetic resonance imaging was registered and correlated with the etiology of multiple acute cerebral infarcts in each patient.

Results

We reviewed 2697 consecutive patients and 2220 (82%) underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Among these 2125 (96%) had diffusion-weighted imaging lesions. We found 187 multiple acute cerebral infarct patients who were then included in the study. There was positive correlation (0.20; p < .001) between time to magnetic resonance imaging and frequency of multiple acute cerebral infarcts caused by internal carotid stenosis. There was no correlation (−.02) between time to magnetic resonance imaging and frequency of multiple acute cerebral infarcts caused by cardiogenic embolism.

Conclusions

Multiple acute cerebral infarcts associated with cardiogenic embolism seem to happen concurrently as a shower of emboli whereas multiple acute cerebral infarcts associated with internal carotid artery stenosis seem to occur successively separated by hours or days.
The prevalence of physical activity among the young population of UAE: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yammine Kaissar
Published: November 2016

Aims:

Lack of physical activities is a key disease factor and constitutes a serious public health issue in the Middle East region. Reports from this geographical area converge in concluding that the resident populations do not get enough exercise to keep themselves healthy. The objective of this systematic review is to obtain accurate data on the prevalence of physical activity (PA) and levels of PA among the young residents of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Methods:

Five prospective studies met the inclusion criteria with 12,988 subjects (including 12,782 adolescents).

Results:

Meta-analytical results showed that (1) almost a quarter of the young population have a total sedentary lifestyle with no PA, (2) less than half have been mildly involved in physical activities, (3) around a fifth practised a moderate level of PA, and (4) a quarter were involved in a vigorous PA. Additionally, mild PA was more common in female adolescents, whereas moderate and high PA were significantly higher in male adolescents.

Conclusion:

Such alarming rates of exercise involvement among the young UAE residents should stimulate policymakers and college/university administrations to plan and promote PA in order to reduce future levels of chronic diseases.
Complications, effectiveness, and long term follow‐up of fecal microbiota transfer by nasoduodenal tube for treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
Authors: van Beurden Yvette H , de Groot Pieter F , van Nood Els , Nieuwdorp Max , Keller Josbert J , Goorhuis Abraham
Published: November 2016

Background

Fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) is an effective treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but data on procedure‐related complications and long‐term outcome are scarce.

Methods

All patients treated with FMT for recurrent CDI at the Academic Medical Center between July 2010 and January 2016 were included. FMT was performed according to the FECAL trial protocol: administration of fresh donor feces (related or unrelated donor) through a duodenal tube after pre‐treatment with vancomycin and bowel lavage. We collected information on FMT‐related complications, recurrent CDI, and short‐ and long‐term adverse events by telephone interviews using a structured questionnaire at three months after FMT, and at the time of data collection of this study.

Results

In total, 39 patients were treated with FMT. The primary cure rate (no recurrence ≤8 weeks after one infusion with donor feces) was 82% (32 of 39 patients). Of the seven patients with recurrent CDI after FMT, four were cured by antibiotic therapy alone (fidaxomicin in three patients, metronidazole in one patient) and three by repeat FMT. Peri‐procedural complications occurred in five patients, comprising fecal regurgitation or vomiting. One patient died one week post‐FMT due to pneumonia; a causal relation with FMT could not be excluded. The follow‐up period ranged between 3 and 68 months. No long‐term side effects were reported.

Conclusions

Our data underline the efficacy of FMT as treatment for recurrent CDI. Importantly, it is possible to cure post‐FMT recurrences with antibiotic therapy alone. Peri‐procedural complications do occur and should be closely monitored to help identify high‐risk patients. To minimize the risk of complications, all FMT candidates should be evaluated to assess the most ideal delivery method.
BMPR2mutation status influences bronchial vascular changes in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Ghigna Maria-Rosa , Guignabert Christophe , Montani David , Girerd Barbara , Jaïs Xavier , Savale Laurent , Hervé Philippe , Thomas de Montpréville Vincent , Mercier Olaf , Sitbon Olivier , Soubrier Florent , Fadel Elie , Simonneau Gérald , Humbert Marc , Dorfmüller Peter
Published: November 2016

The impact of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) gene mutations on vascular remodelling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is unknown. We sought to identify a histological profile ofBMPR2mutation carriers.

Clinical data and lung histology from 44 PAH patients were subjected to systematic analysis and morphometry.

Bronchial artery hypertrophy/dilatation and bronchial angiogenesis, as well as muscular remodelling of septal veins were significantly increased in PAH lungs carryingBMPR2mutations. We found that patients displaying increased bronchial artery remodelling and bronchial microvessel density, irrespective of the mutation status, were more likely to suffer from severe haemoptysis. History of substantial haemoptysis (>50 mL) was significantly more frequent inBMPR2mutation carriers. 43.5% ofBMPR2mutation carriers, as opposed to 9.5% of noncarriers, displayed singular large fibrovascular lesions, which appear to be closely related to the systemic lung vasculature.

Our analysis provides evidence for the involvement of the pulmonary systemic circulation inBMPR2mutation-related PAH. We show thatBMPR2mutation carriers are more prone to haemoptysis and that haemoptysis is closely correlated to bronchial arterial remodelling and angiogenesis; in turn, pronounced changes in the systemic vasculature correlate with increased pulmonary venous remodelling, creating a distinctive profile in PAH patients harbouring aBMPR2mutation.
Mortality prediction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evaluation of computer-based CT analysis with conventional severity measures
Authors: Jacob Joseph , Bartholmai Brian J. , Rajagopalan Srinivasan , Kokosi Maria , Nair Arjun , Karwoski Ronald , Walsh Simon L.F. , Wells Athol U. , Hansell David M.
Published: November 2016

Computer-based computed tomography (CT) analysis can provide objective quantitation of disease in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A computer algorithm, CALIPER, was compared with conventional CT and pulmonary function measures of disease severity for mortality prediction.

CT and pulmonary function variables (forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity, diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, transfer coefficient of the lung for carbon monoxide and composite physiologic index (CPI)) of 283 consecutive patients with a multidisciplinary diagnosis of IPF were evaluated against mortality. Visual and CALIPER CT features included total extent of interstitial lung disease, honeycombing, reticular pattern, ground glass opacities and emphysema. In addition, CALIPER scored pulmonary vessel volume (PVV) while traction bronchiectasis and consolidation were only scored visually. A combination of mortality predictors was compared with the Gender, Age, Physiology model.

On univariate analyses, all visual and CALIPER-derived interstitial features and functional indices were predictive of mortality to a 0.01 level of significance. On multivariate analysis, visual CT parameters were discarded. Independent predictors of mortality were CPI (hazard ratio (95% CI) 1.05 (1.02–1.07), p<0.001) and two CALIPER parameters: PVV (1.23 (1.08–1.40), p=0.001) and honeycombing (1.18 (1.06–1.32), p=0.002). A three-group staging system derived from this model was powerfully predictive of mortality (2.23 (1.85–2.69), p<0.0001).

CALIPER-derived parameters, in particular PVV, are more accurate prognostically than traditional visual CT scores. Quantitative tools such as CALIPER have the potential to improve staging systems in IPF.
Laboratory diagnosis of pneumonia in the molecular age
Authors: Torres Antoni , Lee Nelson , Cilloniz Catia , Vila Jordi , Van der Eerden Menno
Published: November 2016

Pneumonia remains a worldwide health problem with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Identification of microbial pathogens which cause pneumonia is an important area for optimum clinical management of pneumonia patients and is a big challenge for conventional microbiological methods. The development and implementation of molecular diagnostic tests for pneumonia has been a major advance in the microbiological diagnosis of respiratory pathogens in recent years. However, with new knowledge regarding the microbiome, together with the recognition that the lungs are a dynamic microbiological ecosystem, our current concept of pneumonia is not totally realistic as this new concept of pneumonia involves a dysbiosis or alteration of the lung microbiome. A new challenge for microbiologists and clinicians has therefore arisen. There is much to learn regarding the information provided by this new diagnostic technology, which will lead to improvements in the time to antibiotic therapy, targeted antibiotic selection and more effective de-escalation and improved stewardship for pneumonia patients. This article provides an overview of current methods of laboratory diagnosis of pneumonia in the molecular age.
Adenotonsillectomy for childhood obstructive sleep apnoea reduces thoraco-abdominal asynchrony but spontaneous apnoea−hypopnoea index normalisation does not
Authors: Liu Xiao , Immanuel Sarah , Pamula Yvonne , Kennedy Declan , Martin James , Baumert Mathias
Published: November 2016

The efficacy of adenotonsillectomy for treating obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in children has been established, but its precise effects on inspiratory effort are not well documented.

In 353 children enrolled in the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial, randomised to undergo either early adenotonsillectomy (n=182) or a strategy of watchful waiting with supportive care (WWSC) (n=171), thoraco-abdominal asynchrony (TAA) was analysed during quiet, non-apnoeic and non-hypopnoeic breathing during sleep at baseline and at 7 months using overnight polysomnography.

Children who underwent early adenotonsillectomy demonstrated a reduction in TAA post-surgery while the WWSC arm showed no change. On assessing TAA with regard to normalisation of clinical polysomnography findings at follow-up, TAA was reduced in children who had surgical resolution of OSAS (based on apnoea–hypopnoea index), but not in children who displayed spontaneous normalisation of apnoea–hypopnoea index. In the latter group, TAA was inversely correlated with quality of life.

We conclude that adenotonsillectomy reduces TAA during quiet sleep. Monitoring of instantaneous TAA may yield additional insight in the dynamic changes of inspiratory effort. In combination with traditional indices of obstruction, TAA may more accurately characterise the degree of sleep-disordered breathing in children.
Implementation of a Collaborative Series of Classroom-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences Spanning Chemical Biology, Biochemistry, and Neurobiology
Authors: Kowalski Jennifer R. , Hoops Geoffrey C. , Johnson R. Jeremy
Published: November 2016

Classroom undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) provide students access to the measurable benefits of undergraduate research experiences (UREs). Herein, we describe the implementation and assessment of a novel model for cohesive CUREs focused on central research themes involving faculty research collaboration across departments. Specifically, we implemented three collaborative CUREs spanning chemical biology, biochemistry, and neurobiology that incorporated faculty members’ research interests and revolved around the central theme of visualizing biological processes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis enzyme activity and neural signaling using fluorescent molecules. Each CURE laboratory involved multiple experimental phases and culminated in novel, open-ended, and reiterative student-driven research projects. Course assessments showed CURE participation increased students’ experimental design skills, attitudes and confidence about research, perceived understanding of the scientific process, and interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines. More than 75% of CURE students also engaged in independent scientific research projects, and faculty CURE contributors saw substantial increases in research productivity, including increased undergraduate student involvement and academic outputs. Our collaborative CUREs demonstrate the advantages of multicourse CUREs for achieving increased faculty research productivity and traditional CURE-associated student learning and attitude gains. Our collaborative CURE design represents a novel CURE model for ongoing laboratory reform that benefits both faculty and students.
Induction of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor 2 by hCG Regulates Periovulatory Gene Expression and Plasmin Activity
Authors: Puttabyatappa Muraly , Al-Alem Linah F. , Zakerkish Farnosh , Rosewell Katherine L. , Brännström Mats , Curry Thomas E.
Published: November 2016

Increased proteolytic activity is a key event that aids in breakdown of the follicular wall to permit oocyte release. How the protease activity is regulated is still unknown. We hypothesize that tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2), a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, plays a role in regulating periovulatory proteolytic activity as in other tissues. TFPI2 is secreted into the extracellular matrix (ECM) where it is postulated to regulate physiological ECM remodeling. The expression profile of TFPI2 during the periovulatory period was assessed utilizing a well-characterized human menstrual cycle model and a gonadotropin-primed rat model. Administration of an ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) increased TFPI2 expression dramatically in human and rat granulosa and theca cells. This increase in Tfpi2 expression in rat granulosa cells required hCG-mediated epidermal growth factor, protein kinase A, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1/2, p38 MAPK and protease activated receptor 1-dependent cell signaling. A small interferingRNA-mediated knockdown of TFPI2 in rat granulosa cells resulted in increased plasmin activity in the granulosa cell conditioned media. Knockdown of TFPI2 also reduced expression of multiple genes including interleukin 6 (Il6) and amphiregulin (Areg). Overexpression of TFPI2 using an adenoviral vector partially restored the expression of Il6 and Areg in TFPI2 siRNA treated rat granulosa cells. These data support the hypothesis that TFPI2 is important for moderating plasmin activity and regulating granulosa cell gene expression during the periovulatory period. We, therefore, propose that through these actions, TFPI2 aids in the tissue remodeling taking place during follicular rupture and corpus luteum formation.
Retinal specialization through spatially varying cell densities and opsin coexpression in cichlid fish
Authors: Dalton Brian E. , de Busserolles Fanny , Marshall N. Justin , Carleton Karen L.
Published: November 2016

The distinct behaviors and varied habitats where animals live place different requirements on their visual systems. A trade-off exists between resolution and sensitivity, with these properties varying across the retina. Spectral sensitivity, which affects both achromatic and chromatic (colour) vision, also varies across the retina, though the function of this inhomogeneity is less clear. We previously demonstrated spatially varying spectral sensitivity of double cones in the cichlid fish Metriaclima zebra due to coexpression of different opsins. Here, we map the distributions of ganglion cells and cone cells and quantify opsin coexpression in single cones to show these also vary across the retina. We identify an area centralis with peak acuity and infrequent coexpression, which may be suited for tasks such as foraging and detecting male signals. The peripheral retina has reduced ganglion cell densities and increased opsin coexpression. Modeling of cichlid visual tasks indicates that coexpression might hinder colour discrimination of foraging targets and some fish colours. But, coexpression might improve contrast detection of dark objects against bright backgrounds, which might be useful for detecting predators or zooplankton. This suggests a trade off between acuity and colour discrimination in the central retina versus lower resolution but more sensitive contrast detection in the peripheral retina. Significant variation in the pattern of coexpression among individuals, however, raises interesting questions about the selective forces at work.
Inter-Metallocene Cross-Coupling Reaction and Oxidation Study on Hetero Nuclear Bimetallocene Compounds including Fe, Ru and Os
Authors: Yasuhara Hiroki , Nakashima Satoru
Published: October 2016

Hetero nuclear bimetallocene compounds, ferrocenylruthenocene (FcRc), ferrocenylosmocene (FcOc), ruthenocenylosmocene (RcOc) and 1-ferrocenyl-4-ruthencoenylbenzene (FcPhRc) were synthesized by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling or Negishi coupling reaction. When these compounds were oxidized with I2, mixed-valence compounds, [(C5H5)FeII(C5H4-C5H4)OsIV-I(C5H5)]I3 (1), [(C5H5)RuII(C5H4-C5H4)OsIV-I(C5H5)]I3 (3) and [(C5H5)FeIII(C5H4-Ph-C5H4)RuIV-I(C5H5)](I3)2 (4), were obtained. The valence state was investigated by using 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and variable-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. FcOc was also oxidized by [(C5H5)2RuIV-Cl]PF6, and the ferrocenylosmocenium-Cl adduct [(C5H5)FeII(C5H4-C5H4)OsIV-Cl(C5H5)]PF6 (2) was obtained. The valence detrapping described as FeII-OsIV$ \rightleftharpoons $ FeIII-OsIII was observed by 1H NMR measurement in high-temperature solution. The valence detrapping was also observed in solid state by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Plus jamais la même À propos de quelques interprétations récentes de la Révolution française
Authors: Benigno Francesco
Published: October 2016

Cet article propose une discussion sur trois publications récentes et importantes consacrées à la Révolution française: le livre de Timothy Tackett,The Coming of the Terror in the French Revolution, celui de Jonathan Israel,Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution from the Rights of Man to Robespierreet, enfin, celui de Haim Burstin,Révolutionnaires. Pour une anthropologie politique de la Révolution française. Ces ouvrages se caractérisent notamment par un retour bienvenu à des interprétations générales renouvelées par de nouvelles approches théoriques. Le processus révolutionnaire est donc envisagé sous de multiples points de vue: le premier se fonde sur le courant historiographique connu sous le nom de « nouvelle histoire des émotions » pour expliquer l’obsession de la conspiration et, donc, la Terreur; le deuxième propose une utilisation nouvelle de l’histoire traditionnelle des idées, considérée comme capable d’expliquer les prétendus « faits concrets »; le troisième envisage l’expérience révolutionnaire selon une perspective inspirée par l’anthropologie en établissant une typologie afin de la caractériser. Cependant, tous sont unis par leur résistance à analyser la structure politique en tant que telle, c’est-à-dire à étudier comment fonctionnaient concrètement les institutions politiques pendant la Révolution.
Sociologie de l’antisémitisme allemand
Authors: Elias Norbert
Published: October 2016

Pour comprendre la montée de l’antisémitisme en Allemagne, il convient de saisir ce phénomène dans des termes sociologiques. Les causes de l’antisémitisme ont toujours été structurelles bien qu’il ait pris des formes différentes selon les époques. L’article retrace la manière dont l’hostilité à l’égard des juifs est un effet des luttes de pouvoir entre groupes, produisant à chaque fois des constellations singulières et des visions du monde où le groupe particulier des juifs apparaît parfois comme le support d’une revendication d’émancipation générale, mais figure aussi comme une extériorité dont la proximité et la concurrence sont redoutées. Revenant sur la conjoncture actuelle de 1929, marquée par une crise économique et politique aiguë, le sociologue constate que l’antisémitisme ne peut que croître, de sorte qu’il ne demeure aux juifs que l’option d’une émigration en Palestine ou, à défaut, de faire face à la situation avec lucidité.
Elias sur l’antisémitisme: le sionisme ou la sociologie
Authors: Trom Danny
Published: October 2016

Appuyé sur une lecture du texte d’intervention de Norbert Elias « Sociologie de l’antisémitisme allemand », paru en 1929 dans une revue israélite communautaire, cet article se propose de reconsidérer la trajectoire intellectuelle du sociologue. Il soutient que dans ce texte aux allures circonstancielles Elias thématise le choix qu’il fait en faveur de la sociologie. Cette option vient se substituer à et recouvrir son engagement sioniste dans le mouvement de jeunesse Blau-Weiss, comme le laisse entendre, malgré son ambiguïté, la phrase conclusive de son texte où il présente aux juifs d’Allemagne une alternative: l’émigration collective vers la Palestine ou la lucidité tirée du diagnostic sociologique de la situation. L’article situe d’abord ce texte d’intervention dans la palette des analyses de l’antisémitisme en Allemagne durant les années 1920, en particulier celles de Franz Oppenheimer, dans son rapport au sionisme. Il le situe ensuite dans ce courant de la sociologie mené par Karl Mannheim, dont Elias sera l’assistant à Francfort, dans son contraste avec la perspective développée à la même époque par l’École de Francfort. Enfin, il montre que le geste de distanciation sociologique opéré par Elias viendra imperceptiblement se substituer à la distanciation politique qui avait le sionisme pour pivot, un geste scientifique qui supposait d’effacer définitivement de sa mémoire l’option politique sioniste en faveur de laquelle il avait pourtant longtemps milité.
La force des dispositifs
Authors: Dodier Nicolas , Barbot Janine
Published: October 2016

Les sciences sociales peuvent tirer parti d’une attention particulière à la place qu’occupent les dispositifs dans la vie sociale. L’intérêt d’une telle perspective transparaît de l’examen des recherches qui, depuis la fin des années 1970, ont recouru à cette notion. Mais la lecture de ces travaux fait apparaître également, outre la grande variété des définitions et des objectifs associés au concept de dispositif, certaines des difficultés rencontrées en chemin. Elle incite à un effort de clarification et de renouvellement, autant sur le plan conceptuel que méthodologique, auquel cet article souhaite contribuer. Dans la première partie de l’article, nous présentons les résultats d’une enquête conceptuelle sur la notion de dispositif. Dans la deuxième partie, nous développons une série de propositions qui visent à élaborer une approche « processuelle » des dispositifs. Nous revenons enfin sur plusieurs enquêtes que nous avons conduites dans cette perspective autour de dispositifs de réparation: étude du travail doctrinal des juristes autour du procès pénal, des pratiques d’avocats à l’audience d’un procès, des réactions de victimes d’une catastrophe sanitaire face à un fonds d’indemnisation, des transformations historiques des dispositifs de réparation des accidents médicaux depuis le début du XIXesiècle. Il s’agit ainsi de préciser l’approche proposée et d’en suggérer des prolongements possibles.
Sciences et savoirs
Authors: Chartier Roger
Published: October 2016

Cette note critique pose trois questions, formulées essentiellement à partir des deux premiers tomes de l’Histoire des sciences et des savoirs, entreprise dirigée par Dominique Pestre.Tout d’abord, elle examine les relations entre « sciences » et « savoirs ». Est-il possible de tracer une nette frontière entre les unes et les autres? Ou faut-il considérer les savoirs « scientifiques » (avec ou sans guillemets) comme une classe particulière de savoirs? Et, dans ce cas, doit-on les définir à partir d’un certain nombre d’opérations spécifiques? Ensuite, l’interrogation porte sur l’acceptation, la critique ou le refus de la définition classique de la « révolution scientifique », datée du XVIIe siècle et caractérisée par la rencontre entre la mathématisation de la nature et la pratique expérimentale. Faut-il lui substituer d’autres perspectives, qui portent l’attention sur les reconfigurations des champs de la connaissance ou sur la pluralité des révolutions? Enfin, est discutée l’attention portée aux histoires connectées des savoirs, qui rompent avec l’européocentrisme et introduisent de nouveaux acteurs. Mais ces circulations n’effacent pas l’asymétrie des échanges, les stigmatisations des savoirs indigènes ou l’imposition impérialiste de la science occidentale.
Social classes and tolerance to corruption in Portugal: What is the relationship?
Authors: Moriconi Marcelo , Carvalho Tiago
Published: November 2016

Corruption has been perceived as one of the main problems in Portuguese politics and society. However, the phenomenon is not new for the country. Therefore, this article tries to identify the ways in which tolerance to corruption is disseminated among various social classes. In order for a source of unrest to persist for a length of time, it requires a high degree of social tolerance. Using data from a 2006 survey (corruption and ethics in democracy project), this article presents a portrait of how different social classes correspond to different types of tolerance to parochial corruption. These groups have different views regarding the phenomenon as well as certain forms of non-transactive corruption that reproduce tolerance to corruption.
Application of Novel Chlorine-Resistant Fixing Agent DE-2 on Yarn-Dyed Cotton Fabric
Authors: Wang Lianjun , Yi Bing , Li Ronglong , Gui Rongna
Published: November 2016

A novel chlorine-resistant fixing agent DE-2 was designed, synthesized, and mixed for application to yarn-dyed cotton fabrics by the pad-dry-cure process. The properties of fabrics treated with DE-2, AR-200, and CF-2 were studied. The results showed that the chlorine fastness of the fabrics treated with DE-2 reached 3.5. The chlorine fastness was better than that of AR-200 and CF-2. Moreover, formaldehyde emissions from the treated fabrics were lower than 75 mg/L. However, formaldehyde emissions from CF-2 treated fabrics were greater than the standard content. Except for color change in a few CF-2 treated fabrics, other fixing agents had no effect on the fabric. Among them, although the DE-2 presented good comprehensive properties, the washing durability was relatively poor.
Antibacterial Finishing of 100% Cotton Fabric with β-Cyclodextrin-Ozonated Olive Oil Inclusion Complex
Authors: Beşen Burcu Sancar , Balci Onur
Published: November 2016

Ozone (O3) was reacted with unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils to yield products with antibacterial activity. In this paper, olive oil, containing large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, was ozonated and characterized with gas chromatography (GC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses. The ozonated oils were sequestered in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complexes and applied onto 100% cotton fabric. The inclusion complex was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR, and TGA, and treated fabric with FTIR and SEM. The antibacterial activity of the ozonated oil and treated fabric was assessed using ASTM E2149-01. The results showed that the ozonated oil had high antibacterial activity and the resulting β-CD/ozonated olive oil inclusion complex also had antibacterial activity when applied to cotton fabric.
The dynamics of chronic absence and student achievement
Authors: London Rebecca A. , Sanchez Monika , Castrechini Sebastian
Published: October 2016

Students with low attendance miss important learning and developmental opportunities and research has shown that they are at heightened risk of negative outcomes. Although there is an extensive body of research on truancy, chronic absenteeism is not generally measured or tracked in school data systems and is therefore not as well understood. This analysis uses linked, longitudinal administrative records to examine chronic absence across years for elementary and secondary school students. We investigate chronic absence patterns over time, ramifications of chronic absence on students’ educational outcomes, and effects of continued absence across school years. Results illustrate the cumulative nature of chronic absence and the negative role of persistent chronic absence on students’ educational outcomes. We discuss implications of these results for state policies and intervention procedures.
RURAL FLASH-FLOOD BEHAVIOR IN GOUYAVE WATERSHED, GRENADA, CARIBBEAN ISLAND
Authors: Pratomo Rahmat Aris , Jetten Victor , Alkema Dinand
Published: October 2016

Flash-flood is considered as one of the most common natural disasters in Grenada, a tropical small state island in Caribbean Island. Grenada has several areas which are susceptible to flooding. One of them is Gouyave town which is located in the north-west of Grenada. Its land-use types are highly dominated by green areas, especially in the upper-part of the region. The built-up areas can only be found in the lower-part of Gouyave watershed, near the coastal area. However, there were many land conversions from natural land-use types into built-up areas in the upper-part region. They affected the decrease of water infiltration and the increase of potential run-off, making these areas susceptible to flash-flood. In addition, it is also influenced by the phenomenon of climate change. Changes in extreme temperature increase higher potential of hurricanes or wind-storm, directly related to the potential escalation of flash-flood. To develop effective mitigation strategies, understanding the behavior of flash-flood is required. The purpose of this paper was to observe the behavior of flash-flood in Gouyave watershed in various return periods using OpenLISEM software. It was used to develop and analyse the flash-flood characteristics. The result showed that the climatic condition (rainfall intensity) and land-use are influential to the flash-flood event. Flash-flood occurs in 35 and 100 years return period. Flash-flood inundates Gouyave’s area in long duration, with below 1 m flood depth. The flood propagation time is slow. This condition is also influenced by the narrower and longer of Gouyave basin shape. To develop flash-flood reduction strategies, the overall understanding of flash-flood behavior is important. If the mitigation strategy is adapted to their behavior, the implementation will be more optimum.
Some approximation results for operators of Szász-Mirakjan-Durrmeyer type
Authors: Krech Grażyna
Published: November 2016

In this paper certain integral operators of Szász-Mirakjan-Durrmeyer type are presented. Some approximation results and a Voronovskaya type theorem are obtained for these operators.
Memorable Audiovisual Narratives Synchronize Sensory and Supramodal Neural Responses
Authors: Cohen Samantha S. , Parra Lucas C.
Published: November 2016

Our brains integrate information across sensory modalities to generate perceptual experiences and form memories. However, it is difficult to determine the conditions under which multisensory stimulation will benefit or hinder the retrieval of everyday experiences. We hypothesized that the determining factor is the reliability of information processing during stimulus presentation, which can be measured through intersubject correlation of stimulus-evoked activity. We therefore presented biographical auditory narratives and visual animations to 72 human subjects visually, auditorily, or combined, while neural activity was recorded using electroencephalography. Memory for the narrated information, contained in the auditory stream, was tested 3 weeks later. While the visual stimulus alone led to no meaningful retrieval, this related stimulus improved memory when it was combined with the story, even when it was temporally incongruent with the audio. Further, individuals with better subsequent memory elicited neural responses during encoding that were more correlated with their peers. Surprisingly, portions of this predictive synchronized activity were present regardless of the sensory modality of the stimulus. These data suggest that the strength of sensory and supramodal activity is predictive of memory performance after 3 weeks, and that neural synchrony may explain the mnemonic benefit of the functionally uninformative visual context observed for these real-world stimuli.
Mathematics, Peace, and the Cold War
Authors: Shields Brit
Published: November 2016

This paper seeks to combine studies of émigré scientists, Cold War American science, and cultural histories of mathematical communities by analyzing Richard Courant’s participation in the National Academy of Sciences interacademy exchange program with the Soviet Union in the 1960s. Following his dismissal by the Nazi government from his post as Director of the Göttingen Mathematics Institute in 1933, Courant spent a year at the University of Cambridge, and then immigrated to the United States where he developed the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University. Courant’s participation with the National Academy of Sciences interacademy exchange program at the end of his career highlights his ideologies about the mathematics discipline, the international mathematics community, and the political role mathematicians could play in contributing to international peace through scientific diplomacy. Courant’s Cold War scientific identity emerges from his activities as an émigré mathematician, institution builder, and international “ambassador.”
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy and hypophysitis after Puumala hantavirus infection
Authors: Tarvainen Marlene , Mäkelä Satu , Mustonen Jukka , Jaatinen Pia
Published: November 2016

Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) infection causes nephropathia epidemica (NE), a relatively mild form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Hypophyseal haemorrhage and hypopituitarism have been described in case reports on patients with acute NE. Chronic hypopituitarism diagnosed months or years after the acute illness has also been reported, without any signs of a haemorrhagic aetiology. The mechanisms leading to the late-onset hormonal defects remain unknown. Here, we present a case of NE-associated autoimmune polyendocrinopathy and hypopituitarism presumably due to autoimmune hypophysitis. Thyroid peroxidase antibody seroconversion occurred between 6 and 12 months, and ovarian as well as glutamate decarboxylase antibodies were found 18 months after acute NE. Brain MRI revealed an atrophic adenohypophysis with a heterogeneous, low signal intensity compatible with a sequela of hypophysitis. The patient developed central (or mixed central and peripheral) hypothyroidism, hypogonadism and diabetes insipidus, all requiring hormonal replacement therapy. This case report suggests that late-onset hormonal defects after PUUV infection may develop by an autoimmune mechanism. This hypothesis needs to be confirmed by prospective studies with sufficient numbers of patients.

Learning points:

Pituitary haemorrhage resulting in hypopituitarism has been reported during acute HFRS caused by PUUV and other hantaviruses.

Central and peripheral hormone deficiencies developing months or years after HFRS have also been found, with an incidence higher than that in the general population. The pathogenesis of these late-onset hormonal defects remains unknown.

This case report suggests that the late-onset hypopituitarism and peripheral endocrine defects after HFRS could evolve via autoimmune mechanisms.

The sensitivity of current anti-pituitary antibody (APA) tests is low. A characteristic clinical course, together with typical brain MRI and endocrine findings may be sufficient for a non-invasive diagnosis of autoimmune hypophysitis, despite negative APAs.
FENOMENOLOGINĖS PRIEIGOS PRIE KONTEKSTO PROBLEMA HUSSERLIO PASYVIŲ IR AKTYVIŲ SINTEZIŲ ANALIZĖSE
Authors: Šatkauskas Ignas
Published: November 2016

Dabartiniuose fenomenologiniuose dėmesio tyrinėjimuose dėmesio struktūra aprašoma kaip trimatė temos, konteksto ir ribos sąranga. Tai liudija, kad buvo atsisakyta dėmesį mąstyti tik temizacijos rakursu. Dėmesys imtas suvokti kaip visą sąmonės lauką organizuojanti galia. Šitaip išplėtus dėmesio sampratą fenomenologijoje buvo siekta į pirmą vietą iškelti dėmesio temos konteksto reikšmę, arba kiek tai, kas nėra dėmesio tema, veikia šios temos suvokimą ir kokia yra šios organizacijos reikšmė. Šiame straipsnyje tiriamas Husserlio „Pasyvių ir aktyvių sintezių analizėse“ pateikiamas fenomenologinis dėmesio temos ir konteksto aprašymas, kuriame įtvirtinama nuostata apie dėmesio temos ir konteksto struktūros universalumą. Teigiama, kad, nuosekliai laikantis šios nuostatos, kyla problema siekiant temizuoti kontekstą tiesiogiai kaip fenomenologinių tyrimų objektą ir tai lemia konteksto neapibrėžtumą. Konteksto neapibrėžtumas įneša šį neapibrėžtumą į bet kokį suvokimo aktą, kiek jis vyksta kokiame nors kontekste.
KELIAS Į ANTROPOCENĄ: SANTYKIO SU GAMTA KAITA
Authors: Bartkienė Aistė
Published: November 2016

Česlovas Kalenda. Achilo kulno papėdėje: pasaulinė ekologinė krizė ir Lietuva.Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2016. 301 p. ISBN 978-609-459-616-2
Precíziós és perszonalizált medicina
Authors: Sipka Sándor
Published: October 2016

The author describes the concept of “personalized medicine” and the newly introduced “precision medicine”. “Precision medicine” applies the terms of “phenotype”, “endotype” and “biomarker” in order to characterize more precisely the various diseases. Using “biomarkers” the homogeneous type of a disease (a “phenotype”) can be divided into subgroups called “endotypes” requiring different forms of treatment and financing. The good results of “precision medicine” have become especially apparent in relation with allergic and autoimmune diseases. The application of this new way of thinking is going to be necessary in Hungary, too, in the near future for participants, controllers and financing boards of healthcare. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(44), 1739–1741.
Az Egészségügyi Világszervezet öttételes jól-lét kérdőívének vizsgálata a Semmelweis Egyetem elsőéves hallgatóinak körében
Authors: Dinyáné Szabó Mariann , Pusztai Gabriella
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Studies on well-being of students in higher education are in the centre of international research interest, because adult health as a value plays an important role in the life of future generation. Aim: The authors studied variables that affect the value of well-being (satisfaction with life, student success, satisfaction with academic infrastructure, sports and financial situation of parents) among medical and health science students starting their studies. Method: The Hungarian version of the Word Health Organization WBI-5 (General Well-Being Index, 5-item version) were used. This questionnaire has a high internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.778). Results: The unrotated principal component analysis of the questionnaire survey confirmed the homogeneity of the database utility (Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin-index = 0.748; Bartlett test<0.0001). On the basis of stepwise linear regression (R = 0.458, R2 = 0.21, F = 16.33, p = 0.001, VIF values around 1) showed (i) a positive relationship with explanatory variables such as faculty and sport activity, satisfaction with life scale and university infrastructure, and (ii) a negative relationship with gender and parental substance. Conclusion: The authors conclude that short Well-Being Index is a reliable and valid instrument to measure positive quality of life of medical students. Furthermore, the Well-Being Index can help university faculties and lecturers to deploy the student facilities and to eliminate the harm of stress situations. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(44), 1762–1768.
Revisiting the Relationship between Micro and Macro Social Work Practice
Authors: Austin Michael J. , Anthony Elizabeth K. , Knee Ryan Tolleson , Mathias John
Published: November 2016

This analysis seeks to bridge the differences between micro and macro practice within the context of the shared mission of social work. The search for common ground, given decades of specialization, includes the identification of the different ways that the two forms of practice can inform each other, describes core workplace skills relevant to interventions at the micro and macro levels of organizational and community life, and explores the need for bilingual capacities to enhance communications between both domains of social work practice. It concludes with implications for future curricular changes.
Empowering Clients to Have an Impact on Their Environment: Social Work Practice with Groups
Authors: Gitterman Alex , Knight Carolyn
Published: November 2016

Social work practitioners often are forced to overlook the environmental realities of their clients' lives. The tension inherent in the conflict between the realities of contemporary social work practice and the profession's social justice mission leave many social workers frustrated, with little choice but to follow prescribed and proscribed procedures and practices centered in their clients' “clinical” environment. Given the enormity and intractability of broader social problems, workers can also feel overwhelmed and powerless to effect change in the clients' physical and social environments. By ignoring environmental realities, social work professionals unwittingly reinforce clients' feelings of hopelessness and powerlessness. Social work practice with groups is uniquely positioned to be a powerful force for influencing clients' social and physical environments.
Does Collaborative Engagement Affect the Health of Young Children in Child Welfare System?
Authors: Cheng Tyrone C. , Lo Celia C.
Published: November 2016

This temporal-ordered causal analysis of secondary data examined impacts of collaborative engagement, chronic health conditions, health and medical services, maltreatment types, and out-of-home placements on health of young children from families participating in the child welfare system. A national sample of 1,087 abused or neglected children (under age 5) was employed. Results suggested that a child's chronic health condition, receiving health and medical services, and receiving emergency medical services lowered the child's health level measured at subsequent interview, but collaborative engagement raised the child's health level measured at subsequent interview. Results identified, moreover, lower next-wave health levels among Hispanic and/or younger children, children cared for by nonbiological parents, and children who lived in lower income families. Implications for policy and intervention are discussed.
Caracterização do Perfil dos Consumidores de Peixe no Município de Belém, Estado do Pará, Brasil
Authors: Mangas Flávio Paixão , Rebello Fabrício Khoury , Santos Marcos Antônio Souza dos , Martins Cyntia Meireles
Published: November 2016

O artigo analisa o perfil dos consumidores de peixe no município de Belém, Estado do Pará, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de um formulário de pesquisa disponibilizado pela ferramenta Google Docs junto a uma rede de contatos constituída por servidores públicos federais, estaduais e municipais, professores, bancários, autônomos e comerciantes com diversos graus de formação e renda. Foram validados 400 questionários. A margem de erro adotada foi de 5%, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Os resultados demonstram que 88% dos entrevistados consideram o preço do peixe alto. O supermercado foi o local com maior preferência para compra do produto (51,75% dos consumidores). Com relação à verificação do frescor do peixe, 80,25% responderam que sabem realizar tal procedimento. Os consumidores com formação de nível médio e superior revelaram que o acesso a informações sobre a origem do peixe, qualidade e validade do produto favorecem suas decisões de compra. Em geral, o consumidor belenense aprecia bastante a carne de peixe, consumindo, em média, 21,96 kg/hab./ano, principalmente em função de fatores culturais e pela abundância do produto na região. Ficou evidenciada uma mudança no perfil do consumidor de peixe na capital paraense que, ao longo dos anos, se tornou mais crítico e exigente com relação à qualidade do produto ofertado e quanto ao local de preferência para realizar suas compras que, agora, passou a ser o supermercado em detrimento da feira livre.
Entrepreneurial Orientation, Business Development Services, Business Environment, and Performance: A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Okeyo Washington O. , Gathungu James M. , K’Obonyo Peter
Published: November 2016

The role of entrepreneurial orientation in firms has been a major area of interest to many scholars in the past. Entrepreneurially oriented firms are innovative, calculated risk-takers, and proactively reach markets ahead of their competitors. This paper examines the role of business development services, internal and external business environments on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm’s performance. The article is a theoretical discourse and uses literature from secondary sources in the analysis. The paper finds that past studies conceptualized entrepreneurial orientation as a three factor single-dimensional model and a five factor multidimensional model. Studies using the three factor model have reported different results to those adopting the five factor approach. This has led to inconsistencies in the empirical results of entrepreneurial orientation on firm’s performance. This article also finds that business development services play a mediating role in the entrepreneurial orientation and performance relationship, and that external environment moderates this relationship. However, the paper finds no role of internal environment in the EO-firm’s performance relationship. The paper concludes that the link between entrepreneurial orientation and performance is still a worthy area for further study since contradictions still exist in empirical studies. This study recommends that future studies can use a contingency framework to focus on how other factors are likely to affect this relationship.
A Sociological Approach Concerning Leadership: How CEO and the Masses Behave
Authors: GARITA Mauricio , MARTINEZ Sergio
Published: October 2016

The article focuses on the importance of analyzing leadership as part of a sociological issue rather than a management issue. This approach reflects that the leadership in multinationals is a social leadership, that has its effects in the different aspects of society. The article also states that the mass movement in societies is key since globalization and that handling it as an important issue in the management aspects of business will impact the development of the companies.

 