bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Self-Heating in Silicon Photomultipliers
Authors: Garutti Erika , Martens Stephan , Schwandt Joern , Villalba-Pedro Carmen
Published: April 2024

The main consequence of radiation damage on a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is a significant increase in the dark current. If the SiPM is not adequately cooled, the power dissipation causes it to heat up, which alters its performance parameters. To investigate this heating effect, a measurement cycle was developed and performed with a KETEK SiPM glued to an Al2O3 substrate and with HPK SiPMs glued to either an Al2O3 substrate or a flexible PCB. The assemblies were connected either directly to a temperature-controlled chuck on a probe station, or through layers of materials with defined thermal resistance. An LED operated in DC mode was used to illuminate the SiPM and to tune the power dissipated in a measurement cycle. The SiPM current was used to determine the steady-state temperature reached by the SiPM via a calibration curve. The increase in SiPM temperature due to self-heating is analyzed as a function of the power dissipation in the SiPM and the thermal resistance. This information can be used to adjust the operating voltage of the SiPMs, taking into account the effects of self-heating. Similarly, this approach can be applied to investigate the unknown thermal contact of packaged SiPMs.
Reliability Analysis and Optimization of a Reconfigurable Matching Network for Communication and Sensing Antennas in Dynamic Environments through Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Van Brandt Seppe , Kapusuz Kamil Yavuz , Sennesael Joryan , Lemey Sam , Van Torre Patrick , Verhaevert Jo , Van Hecke Tanja , Rogier Hendrik
Published: April 2024

During the implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT), the performance of communication and sensing antennas that are embedded in smart surfaces or smart devices can be affected by objects in their reactive near field due to detuning and antenna mismatch. Matching networks have been proposed to re-establish impedance matching when antennas become detuned due to environmental factors. In this work, the change in the reflection coefficient at the antenna, due to the presence of objects, is first characterized as a function of the frequency and object distance by applying Gaussian process regression on experimental data. Based on this characterization, for random object positions, it is shown through simulation that a dynamic environment can lower the reliability of a matching network by up to 90%, depending on the type of object, the probability distribution of the object distance, and the required bandwidth. As an alternative to complex and power-consuming real-time adaptive matching, a new, resilient network tuning strategy is proposed that takes into account these random variations. This new approach increases the reliability of the system by 10% to 40% in these dynamic environment scenarios.
The Impact of Dual-Tasks and Disease Severity on Posture, Gait, and Functional Mobility among People Living with Dementia in Residential Care Facilities: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jehu Deborah A , Langston Ryan , Sams Richard , Young Lufei , Hamrick Mark , Zhu Haidong , Dong Yanbin
Published: April 2024

Gait speed and timed-up-and-go (TUG) predict cognitive decline, falls, and mortality. Dual-tasks may be useful in cognitive screening among people living with dementia (PWD), but more evidence is needed. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare single- and dual-task performance and determine the influence of dementia severity on dual-task performance and interference. Thirty PWD in two residential care facilities (Age: 81.3 ± 7.1 years; Montreal Cognitive Assessment: 10.4 ± 6.0 points) completed two trials of single- (feet apart) and dual-task posture (feet apart while counting backward), single- (walk 4 m) and dual-task gait (walk 4m while naming words), and single- (timed-up-and-go (TUG)), and dual-task functional mobility (TUG while completing a category task) with APDM inertial sensors. Dual-tasks resulted in greater sway frequency, jerk, and sway area; slower gait speed; greater double limb support; shorter stride length; reduced mid-swing elevation; longer TUG duration; reduced turn angle; and slower turn velocity than single-tasks (ps < 0.05). Dual-task performance was impacted (reduced double limb support, greater mid-swing elevation), and dual-task interference (greater jerk, faster gait speed) was related to moderate-to-severe compared to mild PWD. Moderate-to-severe PWD had poorer dynamic stability and a reduced ability to appropriately select a cautious gait during dual-tasks than those with mild PWD, indicating the usefulness of dual-tasks for cognitive screening.
R-Cut: Enhancing Explainability in Vision Transformers with Relationship Weighted Out and Cut
Authors: Niu Yingjie , Ding Ming , Ge Maoning , Karlsson Robin , Zhang Yuxiao , Carballo Alexander , Takeda Kazuya
Published: April 2024

Transformer-based models have gained popularity in the field of natural language processing (NLP) and are extensively utilized in computer vision tasks and multi-modal models such as GPT4. This paper presents a novel method to enhance the explainability of transformer-based image classification models. Our method aims to improve trust in classification results and empower users to gain a deeper understanding of the model for downstream tasks by providing visualizations of class-specific maps. We introduce two modules: the “Relationship Weighted Out” and the “Cut” modules. The “Relationship Weighted Out” module focuses on extracting class-specific information from intermediate layers, enabling us to highlight relevant features. Additionally, the “Cut” module performs fine-grained feature decomposition, taking into account factors such as position, texture, and color. By integrating these modules, we generate dense class-specific visual explainability maps. We validate our method with extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments on the ImageNet dataset. Furthermore, we conduct a large number of experiments on the LRN dataset, which is specifically designed for automatic driving danger alerts, to evaluate the explainability of our method in scenarios with complex backgrounds. The results demonstrate a significant improvement over previous methods. Moreover, we conduct ablation experiments to validate the effectiveness of each module. Through these experiments, we are able to confirm the respective contributions of each module, thus solidifying the overall effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Modified RTK-GNSS for Challenging Environments
Authors: Fredeluces Ellarizza , Ozeki Tomohiro , Kubo Nobuaki , El-Mowafy Ahmed
Published: April 2024

Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (RTK-GNSS) is currently the premier technique for achieving centimeter-level accuracy quickly and easily. However, the robustness of RTK-GNSS diminishes in challenging environments due to severe multipath effects and a limited number of available GNSS signals. This is a pressing issue, especially for GNSS users in the navigation industry. This paper proposes and evaluates several methodologies designed to overcome these issues by enhancing the availability and reliability of RTK-GNSS solutions in urban environments. Our novel approach involves the integration of conventional methods with a new technique that leverages surplus satellites—those not initially used for positioning—to more reliably detect incorrect fix solutions. We conducted three tests in densely built-up areas within the Tokyo region. The results demonstrate that our approach not only surpasses the fix rate of the latest commercial receivers and a popular open-source RTK-GNSS program but also improves positional reliability to levels comparable to or exceeding those of the aforementioned commercial technology.
Impact of Rainfall on the Detection Performance of Non-Contact Safety Sensors for UAVs/UGVs
Authors: Sumi Yasushi , Kim Bong Keun , Ogure Takuya , Kodama Masato , Sakai Naoki , Kobayashi Masami
Published: April 2024

This study comprehensively investigates how rain and drizzle affect the object-detection performance of non-contact safety sensors, which are essential for the operation of unmanned aerial vehicles and ground vehicles in adverse weather conditions. In contrast to conventional sensor-performance evaluation based on the amount of precipitation, this paper proposes spatial transmittance and particle density as more appropriate metrics for rain environments. Through detailed experiments conducted under a variety of precipitation conditions, it is shown that sensor performance is significantly affected by the density of small raindrops rather than the total amount of precipitation. This finding challenges traditional sensor-evaluation metrics in rainfall environments and suggests a paradigm shift toward the use of spatial transmittance as a universal metric for evaluating sensor performance in rain, drizzle, and potentially other adverse weather scenarios.
Curved and Annular Diaphragm Coupled Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers for High Transmit Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhang Yun , Jin Tong , Zhao Zijie , Yan Chenfang , Lu Xinchao , Gao Hang , Huang Chengjun
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we present a novel three-dimensional (3D) coupled configuration of piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers (pMUTs) by combing a curved and an annular diaphragm for transmit performance optimization in biomedical applications. An analytical equivalent circuit model (EQC) is developed with varied excitation methods to incorporate the acoustic–structure coupling of the curved and annular diaphragm-coupled pMUTs (CAC-pMUTs). The model-derived results align well with the reference simulated by the finite element method (FEM). Using this EQC model, we optimize the key design parameters of the CAC-pMUTs in order to improve the output sound pressure, including the width of the annular membrane, the thickness of the passive layer, and the phase difference of the driving voltage. In the anti-phase mode, the designed CAC-pMUTs demonstrate a transmit efficiency 285 times higher than that of single annular pMUTs. This substantial improvement underscores the potential of CAC-pMUTs for large array applications.
Design and Experiment of an Unoccupied Control System for a Tracked Grain Vehicle
Authors: Pan Jiahui , Xu Lizhang , Lu En , Dai Buwang , Chen Tiaotiao , Sun Weiming , Cui Zhihong , Hu Jinpeng
Published: April 2024

In order to enhance crop harvesting efficiency, an automatic-driving tracked grain vehicle system was designed. Based on the harvester chassis, we designed the mechanical structure of a tracked grain vehicle with a loading capacity of 4.5 m3 and a grain unloading hydraulic system. Using the BODAS hydraulic controller, we implemented the design of an electronic control system that combines the manual and automatic operation of the chassis walking mechanism and grain unloading mechanism. We utilized a hybrid A* algorithm to plan the traveling path of the tracked grain vehicle, and the path-tracking controller of the tracked grain vehicle was designed by combining fuzzy control and pure pursuit algorithms. Leveraging binocular vision technology and semantic segmentation technology, we designed an automatic grain unloading control system with functions of grain tank recognition and grain unloading regulation control. Finally, we conducted experiments on automatic grain unloading control and automatic navigation control in the field. The results showed that both the precision of the path-tracking control and the automatic unloading system meet the requirements for practical unoccupied operations of the tracked grain vehicle.
The Role of Interdigitated Electrodes in Printed and Flexible Electronics
Authors: Habboush Shayma , Rojas Sara , Rodríguez Noel , Rivadeneyra Almudena
Published: April 2024

Flexible electronics, also referred to as printable electronics, represent an interesting technology for implementing electronic circuits via depositing electronic devices onto flexible substrates, boosting their possible applications. Among all flexible electronics, interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) are currently being used for different sensor applications since they offer significant benefits beyond their functionality as capacitors, like the generation of high output voltage, fewer fabrication steps, convenience of application of sensitive coatings, material imaging capability and a potential of spectroscopy measurements via electrical excitation frequency variation. This review examines the role of IDEs in printed and flexible electronics since they are progressively being incorporated into a myriad of applications, envisaging that the growth pattern will continue in the next generations of flexible circuits to come.
Building Capacity for Sustainability Education: An Analysis of Vocational Teachers’ Knowledge, Readiness, and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Yang Wudi , Chinedu Caleb Chidozie , Chen Wulin , Saleem Atif , Ogunniran Moses Oladele , Ñacato Estrella Diego Ramiro , Vaca Barahona Bayardo
Published: April 2024

In contributing towards the discourse on developing teachers’ capabilities for Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), this study examines the relationships between sustainability knowledge, readiness, and self-efficacy for teaching sustainability concepts among vocational teachers in Malaysian colleges. Grounded in Bandura’s self-efficacy theory, the research assesses the combined effect of teachers’ sustainability knowledge and readiness on their ability to teach sustainability effectively. Using a cross-sectional survey design, a sample of three hundred and seventy-five (375) vocational college teachers and structural equation modeling (SEM), the results indicate no significant link between teachers’ sustainability knowledge and their readiness for ESD. However, a positive relationship between teachers’ readiness and their self-efficacy was found. The study shows that while sustainability knowledge does not directly enhance readiness for ESD, it is a strong predictor of self-efficacy in teaching sustainability. Moreover, readiness has a greater effect on self-efficacy than sustainability knowledge alone, highlighting the importance of conceptual understanding in building teachers’ confidence and competence in sustainability education. Despite focusing specifically on Malaysia and using self-reported data, which to some extent limits the study’s findings, the outcomes offer practical insights for educational policymakers, vocational institutions, and educators. They underscore the need for a comprehensive educational approach beyond just knowledge transfer. This research contributes to the sustainability education discourse and suggests areas for future studies, including exploring contextual differences and adopting longitudinal study designs to better understand the dynamics between sustainability knowledge, readiness, and teaching self-efficacy in vocational education.
Understanding Tourists’ Social Networking Site (SNS) Intention with Regards to World Heritage Sites: The Role of Motivation and Overall Image
Authors: Li Jiachen , Xie Mengru , Yu Mengfei , Ahn Young-joo
Published: April 2024

With the growing recognition of sustainability and environmental protection, World Heritage Sites (WHSs) are becoming popular destinations among tourists. To promote heritage destinations in South Korea via social networking site (SNS) platforms, the importance of joint support from tourists to share their experiences should be emphasized. In this research, we aimed to assess the formation process of WHS tourists’ SNS intentions by adopting concepts of travel motivation and overall image. As a part of this study, a survey was conducted among 238 tourists currently living in South Korea who have visited WHSs within the country. The survey results showed that cultural, travel, and social motives led to the construction of the overall destination image. The overall image also affects SNS intention in a positive and significant regard. We also examined the mediating effect of overall image on the relationship between motives and SNS intention. The findings of this study provide further theoretical and practical contributions that can be used to help analyze tourists’ motivations and increase the number of international visitors to a particular country.
Comparative Study on Different Interpolation Methods and Source Analysis of Soil Toxic Element Pollution in Cangxi County, Guangyuan City, China
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Peng Junsheng , Chen Xingyi , Shi Xinyi , Feng Ziwei , Meng Yichen , Chen Wende , Liu Yingping
Published: April 2024

Spatial interpolation is a crucial aspect of soil toxic element pollution research, serving as a vital foundation for pollution assessment, treatment, and sustainability efforts. The selection and adjustment of interpolation methods directly influences the accuracy of spatial distribution maps and data results, thereby indirectly impacting related research. This paper conducts a comparative study of different interpolation methods and analyses the sources of soil toxic elements in the study area of Cangxi County, aiming to provide a scientific foundation for future soil management, remediation, and enhanced local sustainability. The spatial correlation of As, Cd, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Mo in 228 surface soil samples in the study area of Cangxi County is analyzed. The interpolation results, spatial distribution of OK (ordinary Kriging), IDW (inverse distance weighting), RBF (radial basis function) and the changes of pollution area after interpolation are compared. The smoothing effect is assessed based on the comparison results, interpolation accuracy, and impact on pollution assessment of OK, IDW, and RBF. The interpolation method most suitable for each metal in the study area is selected. It can be concluded that the optimal interpolation method for As, Hg, and Mn is IDW; for Cd and Mo, it is RBF; and for Pb, it is OK. After the correlation analysis of toxic elements in the soil of the study area, the PMF (positive matrix factorization) model and hotspot analysis is applied to analyzing the source of toxic elements. The analysis indicates that the predominant sources of pollution are anthropogenic, categorized into industrial activities (30.8%), atmospheric deposition caused by coal combustion and traffic exhaust (21.5%) and agricultural activities (19.5%). Natural sources, such as soil parent material, contribute to 28.2% of the pollution on average.
Study on the Geographical Spatial Characteristics of Forest Health Resorts in Fujian Province, China
Authors: Ye Haodong , Wen Jun , Xu Xingpeng , Li Jiayu , Lv Zhaopeng , Su Yueping
Published: April 2024

Forest health tourism is an increasingly popular new form of tourism. Fujian Province, with its abundant forest resources, ranks among the top provinces in China in terms of forest coverage and holds significant development potential. The study focuses on 80 provincial-level forest health resorts in Fujian Province, China. Software such as the ArcGIS geographic information system is used to analyze the resorts’ nearest neighbor index, geographic concentration index, kernel density, etc., thus indicating their spatial distribution characteristics. Overlay analysis, correlation analysis, and fitting analysis are employed to explore the spatial distribution specificity and its influencing factors. The research results indicate that forest health resorts in the area exhibit an aggregated distribution with a higher overall concentration. They are influenced by factors such as the distribution of river systems, the accessibility of transportation, distance to central cities, and socio-economic conditions. The geographic concentration index (G) is 50.28 and the unevenness index (S) is 0.640, both indicating that the forest health resorts in Fujian Province demonstrate a distribution pattern of “overall dispersion with multiple core aggregations”. Based on the research findings, the article puts forward some policy insights. Taking into account the local geographical characteristics, it advocates for the rational development of forest health resort industry models suitable for the region. It suggests incorporating innovative ideas into the forest health resort industry in order to broaden development channels. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of close collaboration between the government and the market for mutual development.
Land-Use Transitions and Its Driving Mechanism Analysis in Putian City, China, during 2000–2020
Authors: Peng Qingxia , Wu Dongqing , Lin Wenxiong , Fan Shuisheng , Su Kai
Published: April 2024

Investigating the spatial-temporal evolution of land use and its driving forces provides a scientific basis for policy formulation, land-use structure adjustment, and ecological civilization development. Using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, this study analyzed remote sensing images from 2000, 2010, and 2020 to derive basic land-use data for Putian City and its five districts and counties. These data were then systematically analyzed using methodologies such as Single Land-use Dynamics and Geo-informatic Tupu to reveal the characteristics of land-use transitions (LUTs), and the spatial-temporal evolution pattern over the past two decades in Putian City, China. Subsequently, socioeconomic conditions and macro policies were identified as driving factors to further explore the mechanisms behind land-use evolution in the study area through canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The findings revealed that: (1) The predominant land-use structure in Putian City consisted mainly of cultivated land and forest land, with other land types interspersed within them, while built-up land exhibited continual outward expansion. (2) Various regions within Putian City exhibited varying degrees of abandoned farmland, ultimately transforming into wasteland (grassland) with weed growth, presenting significant challenges for ensuring food security and mitigating the conversion of cultivated land to non-agricultural and non-grain uses. (3) Specific macro-economic development objectives during distinct periods, particularly urban expansion and the growth of the secondary industry resulting from municipal and county mergers, emerged as pivotal factors driving the spatial and temporal evolution of land use and influenced the differential distribution pattern across Putian City. Consequently, this study suggests bolstering scientific planning and implementing effective regulations concerning land use, and it advocates for the efficient utilization of space-time resources pertaining to cultivated land, integrating them with agriculture, culture, and tourism endeavors. Such measures are proposed to ensure the harmonized and sustainable development of the regional ecological economy.
Human–Wild Boar Coexistence: A Role-Playing Game for Collective Learning and Conflict Mitigation
Authors: Coz Deborah , Mathevet Raphaël
Published: April 2024

Wild boars have become a common yet controversial species in France, where the main response to the species’ development and the problems it may cause is an increased hunting effort. However, wild boars are an extremely adaptive species, and their response to human activities (including hunting) is not fully understood. Moreover, hunting may be a source of conflict with other stakeholders and a topic for public debate, which questions its sustainability. To discuss wild boar behaviour, as well as (other) means to coexist with these animals, we developed a role-playing board game framed around wild boars and hunting. In this paper, we outline the design of the WILD BOAR(D) GAME and reflect on the first three game sessions, which we conducted in our research areas (Gorges du Gardon and Camargue Biosphere Reserves, France). We show that a continuous back and forth between the game and reality allows the participants to elicit their knowledge as well as learn from the other participants, which contributes to filling in the knowledge gaps identified previously in the game design as well as mitigating conflicts regarding wild boars. Finally, we discuss the interest of including wild boars as a role in itself to reflect on their agency.
Students’ Intention toward Artificial Intelligence in the Context of Digital Transformation
Authors: Milicevic Nikola , Kalas Branimir , Djokic Nenad , Malcic Borka , Djokic Ines
Published: April 2024

The analysis of students’ attitudes and perceptions represents a basis for enhancing different types of activities, including teaching, learning, assessment, etc. Emphasis might be placed on the implementation of modern procedures and technologies, which play an important role in the process of digital transformation. Among them is artificial intelligence—a technology that has already been found to be applicable in various sectors. When it comes to education, several AI-based tools and platforms can be used by students and teachers. Besides offering customized learning experiences, AI may play a significant part in establishing the concept of sustainability, especially when concerning the achievement of sustainable development goal 4. This paper investigates students’ intention to use artificial intelligence in education, taking three predictors from the UTAUT model and AI awareness as the moderator. The analysis included students from the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia. For the purpose of the research, the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method was applied. Hereby, two models (without and with a moderator) were tested to examine the main and moderating effects, respectively. Regarding the results, while interaction terms were non-significant, the impacts of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence on behavioral intention were significant and positive.
Values-Based Education for Sustainable Development (VbESD): Introducing a Pedagogical Framework for Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) Using a Values-Based Education (VbE) Approach
Authors: Huang Ruo Xi , Pagano Alessandro , Marengo Agostino
Published: April 2024

It is widely recognized that quality and sustainable education is a key enabler for all the SDGs, and that affective education significantly enhances such education. However, while certain pedagogical approaches have been found to support the competencies and skills within Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), there is no tangible framework to facilitate ESD in classrooms. This paper introduces and demonstrates Values-based Education for Sustainable Development (VbESD): a comprehensive, replicable, and actionable pedagogical framework that explicitly and holistically fosters sustainability as an intrinsic value by using the principles of Values-based Education (VbE) in an ESD context. The VbESD framework presents eight pillars—modelling, Inner Curriculum, reflection, atmosphere and ethos, curriculum, leadership, ethical vocabulary, and sustainable school operations (MIRACLES)⁠—that holistically facilitate the development of intrinsic positive values into quality education for sustainable development. Using a deductive-inductive approach with two mixed-method surveys and 157 responses, VbESD was developed and validated with significant interest in, support for, and willingness to implement the framework. All surveyees responded neutrally or positively to valuing sustainability, believing it is important as an intrinsic value, incorporating sustainability into the educational system, and implementing the VbESD framework. This study proposes VbESD as a potential method for primary educational institutions and educators to nurture resilient, ethically intelligent change-leaders who can champion the social change needed for a peaceful, prosperous, and sustainable world.
Evaluation and Optimization of Interior Circadian Daylighting Performance for the Elderly in Traditional Dwellings: A Case Study in Western Hunan, China
Authors: Liu Jixin , Li Zhe , Zhang Zuopeng , Xie Liang , Wu Jiade
Published: April 2024

With the implementation of China’s rural revitalization strategy, the sustainable preservation of traditional dwellings has become a research priority. Moreover, with the aging population in the countryside increasing, the limited mobility of the elderly may result in them receiving daily corneal illuminance too low for a healthy circadian stimulus. This work aims to explore the relationship between circadian and daylighting design parameters inside traditional dwellings and to develop easy-to-use methods for guiding indoor circadian design in traditional dwellings in western Hunan. Additionally, it seeks to promote the digitalization and informatization of traditional dwellings in western Hunan for preservation purposes, aiming to integrate these efforts with sustainable tourism and community development, which supports the local economy while preserving cultural heritage. The main contributions are as follows: (i) Systematic evaluation of the indoor lighting and circadian status of traditional Miao dwellings in western Hunan. (ii) Simplification and application of the CS and corneal illuminance fitting model for guiding circadian design, especially suitable for indirect indoor circadian aspects of lighting in daylight scenarios. The simplified model provides quick circadian design feedback and promotes healthy circadian concepts. Its accuracy has been verified by fitting it with simulation data from Climate Studio daylighting software. (iii) Exploration of daylighting conditions using simulation software, focusing on ρ′ (the area-weighted average of room surface reflectance), ρ (the reflectance of the surface where the first reflection occurs), and the WWR (Window-to-wall ratio) in two different types of traditional dwellings. This also includes defining the dwelling parameter intervals necessary for an appropriate circadian stimulus in traditional Miao dwellings in western Hunan. (iv) The analysis suggests that enhancing ρ′ has a greater effect on circadian lighting than WWR, indicating that increasing ρ′ should be the preferred method for achieving high-quality and efficient circadian lighting.
Life Cycle Assessment of Plasterboard Production: A UK Case Study
Authors: Morsali Saeed , Rakhshanbabanari Kambiz , Osmani Mohamed , Cavalaro Sergio , Gutai Matyas , Castro-Díaz Miguel , Parker Bill , Sparkes Joanna , Needham Paul , Newport Scott , Sands Meaghan , Massey Alexis
Published: April 2024

Plasterboard, which serves as a nonstructural building material, is widely employed for lightweight wall construction and surface finishing in walls and ceilings. Amid mounting concerns regarding product sustainability and the adoption of Net Zero strategies, evaluating the environmental performance of materials has become crucial. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) for wall gypsum plasterboard, aiming to pinpoint areas for potential environmental improvement. The LCA methodology, adhering to established guidelines and considering midpoint impact categories, was employed to quantify environmental impacts across various stages of the plasterboard life cycle—encompassing raw material extraction, plasterboard manufacturing, transportation during all stages, and end-of-life treatment of plasterboard waste. Primary data were sourced directly from a plasterboard manufacturer and recycler and supplemented with secondary data obtained from the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) and the Ecoinvent 3.9 database. Among the identified impact categories, the human carcinogenic toxicity category emerged as the most affected category, primarily due to the raw material supply stage, followed by freshwater ecotoxicity, which was impacted due to the material supply stage.
Innovative Approaches to Sustainable Computer Numeric Control Machining: A Machine Learning Perspective on Energy Efficiency
Authors: Nugrahanto Indrawan , Gunawan Hariyanto , Chen Hsing-Yu
Published: April 2024

Computer Numeric Control (CNC) five-axis milling plays a significant role in the machining of precision molds and dies, aerospace parts, consumer electronics, etc. This research aims to explore the potential of the machine learning (ML) technique in improving energy efficiency during the CNC five-axis milling process for sustainable manufacturing. The experiments with various machining parameters, forms of toolpath planning, and dry cutting conditions were carried out, and the data regarding energy consumption were collected simultaneously. The relationship between machine parameters and energy consumption was analyzed and built. Subsequently, a machine learning algorithm was developed to classify test methods and identify energy-efficient machining strategies. The developed algorithm was implemented and assessed using different classification methods based on the ML concept to effectively reduce energy consumption. The results show that the Decision Tree and Random Forest algorithms produced lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of 4.24 and 4.28, respectively, compared to Linear, Lasso, and Ridge Regression algorithms. Verification experiments were conducted to ascertain the real-world applicability and performance of the ML-based energy efficiency approach in an operational CNC five-axis milling machine. The findings not only underscore the potential of ML techniques in optimizing energy efficiency but also offer a compelling pathway towards enhanced sustainability in CNC machining operations. The developed algorithm was implemented within a simulation framework and the algorithm was rigorously assessed using machine learning analysis to effectively reduce energy consumption, all while ensuring the accuracy of the machining results and integrating both conventional and advanced regression algorithms into CNC machining processes. Manufacturers stand to realize substantial energy savings and bolster sustainability initiatives, thus exemplifying the transformative power of ML-driven optimization strategies.
A Comprehensive Assessment of the Carbon Footprint of the Coal-to-Methanol Process Coupled with Carbon Capture-, Utilization-, and Storage-Enhanced Oil Recovery Technology
Authors: Li Xinyue , Zhou Bin , Jin Weiling , Deng Huangwei
Published: April 2024

The process of coal-to-methanol conversion consumes a large amount of energy, and the use of the co-production method in conjunction with carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology can reduce its carbon footprint. However, little research has been devoted to comprehensively assessing the carbon footprint of the coal-to-methanol (CTM) co-production system coupled with CCUS-enhanced oil recovery technology (CCUS-EOR), and this hinders the scientific evaluation of its decarbonization-related performance. In this study, we used lifecycle assessment to introduce the coefficient of distribution of methanol and constructed a model to calculate the carbon footprint of the process of CTM co-production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as well as CTM co-production coupled with CCUS-EOR. We used the proposed model to calculate the carbon footprint of the entire lifecycle of the process by using a case study. The results show that the carbon footprints of CTM co-production and CTM co-production coupled with CCUS-EOR are 2.63 t CO2/tCH3OH and 1.00 t CO2/tCH3OH, respectively, which is lower than that of the traditional CTM process, indicating their ability to achieve environmental sustainability. We also analyzed the composition of the carbon footprint of the coal-to-methanol process to identify the root causes of carbon emissions in it and pathways for reducing them. The work described here provided a reference for decision making and a basis for promoting the development of coal-to-methanol conversion and the CCUS industry in China.
Application of Internet-of-Things Wireless Communication Technology in Agricultural Irrigation Management: A Review
Authors: Tang Pan , Liang Qi , Li Hong , Pang Yiyuan
Published: April 2024

The integration of Internet-of-Things technology with traditional agricultural irrigation is a crucial factor in the advancement of traditional agricultural irrigation towards smart irrigation. Despite the widespread use of conventional irrigation methods in many areas, they lead to the significant wastage of both human and water resources. Therefore, the development of energy-saving and efficient intelligent irrigation systems through the application of Internet-of-Things technology and wireless communication technology is the way forward. This paper summarizes the common wireless communication technologies in the agricultural Internet of Things: Fifth-generation, WiFi, ZigBee, LoRa, and NB-IoT. The research status of the above wireless communication technology in agricultural irrigation management is discussed, and the agricultural irrigation management example using the above wireless communication technology is also presented. The advantages and limitations of the application of the above wireless communication technology in agricultural irrigation management are sorted out. Finally, this paper analyzes the challenges of data security issues, data fusion problems, intelligent irrigation system costs, power and energy problems, and system equipment failures faced by the use of IoT wireless communication technology in agricultural irrigation management. This review aims to assist researchers and users in choosing the most suitable wireless communication technology for diverse applications.
Reconsidering the Long-Term Impacts of Digitalization, Industrialization, and Financial Development on Environmental Sustainability in GCC Countries
Authors: Touati Kamel , Ben-Salha Ousama
Published: April 2024

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have faced environmental challenges in recent decades. This study aims to identify the contribution of digitalization, industrialization, and financial development to the ecological footprint (EF) in GCC countries between 2000 and 2021. The empirical investigation involves estimating the STochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model using the augmented mean group (AMG), common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) and cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) estimators. The findings reveal the existence of long-term linkages between EF and the factors mentioned above. Furthermore, there is evidence that adopting digitalization and information and communication technologies (ICT) improves long-term environmental quality. In contrast, both industrialization and financial development exert detrimental effects on the environment. Finally, the JKS Granger non-causality test revealed that all variables, except financial development, predict environmental degradation in GCC countries. These findings can assist in formulating efficient strategies to reduce ecological degradation and achieve environmental sustainability in GCC countries.
How to Reduce College Students’ Food Waste Behavior: From the Perspective of College Canteen Catering Modes
Authors: Wang Amin , Luo Xi , Liu Xiaojun , Sun Yongkai
Published: April 2024

Reducing consumer food waste plays an important role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Considering the large number of colleges in China, with the largest enrollment in the world, it is especially important to address the issue of food waste among college students. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects that the college canteen catering modes have on the food-saving behavior of college students remain unclear. To fill this gap, an integrated theoretical framework model was constructed from the perspective of “psychological factors–behavioral intention–external environment–actual behavior” based on the theory of planned behavior, the norm activation model, and the attitude–context–behavior theory. Then, 422 valid questionnaires were empirically analyzed by structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) Food-saving intention and herd mentality are the major drivers of college students’ food-saving behavior. Personal norms, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and health risk perception are influencing factors on food-saving intention, among which personal norms have the greatest effect. (2) The standard-quantity catering mode has an inhibitory moderating effect, while the large-/small-portion-size and buffet catering modes have promoting moderating effects in the transformation of food-saving intention into actual behavior. Notably, the moderating effects of the buffet catering mode are more pronounced than those of the large-/small-portion-size catering mode. (3) The standard-quantity catering mode has a promoting moderating effect, while the large-/small-portion-size and buffet catering modes have inhibitory moderating effects in the path of the negative impact of herd mentality on food-saving behavior. These conclusions can help colleges recommend strategies to avoid food waste on their campuses from the perspectives of both the individual student and the food provider.
Algebraic Nexus of Fibonacci Forms and Two-Simplex Topology in Multicellular Morphogenesis
Authors: Butler Hoyos William E. , Andrade Loarca Héctor , Kahle Kristopher T. , Williams Ziv , Lamb Elizabeth G. , Alcántara Julio , Kinane Thomas Bernard , Turcio Cuevas Luis J.
Published: April 2024

Background: Fibonacci patterns and tubular forms both arose early in the phylogeny of multicellular organisms. Tubular forms offer the advantage of a regulated internal milieu, and Fibonacci forms may offer packing efficiencies. The underlying mechanisms behind the cellular genesis of Fibonacci and tubular forms remain unknown. Methods: In a multicellular organism, cells adhere to form a macrostructure and to coordinate further replication. We propose and prove simple theorems connecting cell replication and adhesion to Fibonacci forms and simplicial topology. Results: We identify some cellular and molecular properties whereby the contact inhibition of replication by adhered cells may approximate Fibonacci growth patterns. We further identify how a component 2→3 cellular multiplication step may generate a multicellular structure with some properties of a two-simplex. Tracking the homotopy of a two-simplex to a circle and to a tube, we identify some molecular and cellular growth properties consistent with the morphogenesis of tubes. We further find that circular and tubular cellular aggregates may be combinatorially favored in multicellular adhesion over flat shapes. Conclusions: We propose a correspondence between the cellular and molecular mechanisms that generate Fibonacci cell counts and those that enable tubular forms. This implies molecular and cellular arrangements that are candidates for experimental testing and may provide guidance for the synthetic biology of hollow morphologies.
Design and Application of Biosafe Coronavirus Engineering Systems without Virulence
Authors: Wu Guoqiang , Li Qiaoyu , Dai Junbiao , Mao Guobin , Ma Yingxin
Published: April 2024

In the last twenty years, three deadly zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs)—namely, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2—have emerged. They are considered highly pathogenic for humans, particularly SARS-CoV-2, which caused the 2019 CoV disease pandemic (COVID-19), endangering the lives and health of people globally and causing unpredictable economic losses. Experiments on wild-type viruses require biosafety level 3 or 4 laboratories (BSL-3 or BSL-4), which significantly hinders basic virological research. Therefore, the development of various biosafe CoV systems without virulence is urgently needed to meet the requirements of different research fields, such as antiviral and vaccine evaluation. This review aimed to comprehensively summarize the biosafety of CoV engineering systems. These systems combine virological foundations with synthetic genomics techniques, enabling the development of efficient tools for attenuated or non-virulent vaccines, the screening of antiviral drugs, and the investigation of the pathogenic mechanisms of novel microorganisms.
Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Producing Bacterial Cocktail Reduces Rotavirus A, B, and C Infection and Disease in Gnotobiotic Piglets
Authors: Raev Sergei A. , Kick Maryssa K. , Chellis Maria , Amimo Joshua O. , Saif Linda J. , Vlasova Anastasia N.
Published: April 2024

The suboptimal performance of rotavirus (RV) vaccines in developing countries and in animals necessitates further research on the development of novel therapeutics and control strategies. To initiate infection, RV interacts with cell-surface O-glycans, including histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs). We have previously demonstrated that certain non-pathogenic bacteria express HBGA- like substances (HBGA+) capable of binding RV particles in vitro. We hypothesized that HBGA+ bacteria can bind RV particles in the gut lumen protecting against RV species A (RVA), B (RVB), and C (RVC) infection in vivo. In this study, germ-free piglets were colonized with HBGA+ or HBGA- bacterial cocktail and infected with RVA/RVB/RVC of different genotypes. Diarrhea severity, virus shedding, immunoglobulin A (IgA) Ab titers, and cytokine levels were evaluated. Overall, colonization with HBGA+ bacteria resulted in reduced diarrhea severity and virus shedding compared to the HBGA- bacteria. Consistent with our hypothesis, the reduced severity of RV disease and infection was not associated with significant alterations in immune responses. Additionally, colonization with HBGA+ bacteria conferred beneficial effects irrespective of the piglet HBGA phenotype. These findings are the first experimental evidence that probiotic performance in vivo can be improved by including HBGA+ bacteria, providing decoy epitopes for broader/more consistent protection against diverse RVs.
Precipitation Changes on the Northern Slope of the Kunlun Mountains in the Past 42 Years
Authors: Xia Zhenhua , Chen Yaning , Zhang Xueqi , Li Zhi , Fang Gonghuan , Zhu Chengang , Li Yupeng , Li Jinglong , Xia Qianqian , Liang Qixiang
Published: April 2024

The precipitation on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains significantly impacts the green economy of the Tarim Basin’s southern edge. Observations have noted an expansion of the surface water area in this region, though the reasons for this are not yet fully understood. Due to limited instrumental data, this study leverages field measurements from the third Xinjiang comprehensive expedition and multiple gridded datasets. Through trend analysis and a geographical detector model, it examines the precipitation’s decadal, interannual, and seasonal variations across key areas (Hotan River Basin, Keriya River Basin, Qarqan River Basin, and Kumukuli Basin), identifying factors behind the spatial and temporal distribution of regional precipitation. The findings reveal the following: (1) An increase in annual precipitation across the region from 187.41 mm in the 1980s to 221.23 mm in the early 21st century, at a rate of 10.21 mm/decade, with the most significant rise in the eastern Kunlun-Kumukuli Basin. (2) Precipitation exhibits clear seasonal and spatial patterns, predominantly occurring in spring and summer, accounting for 90.27% of the annual total, with a general decrease from the mountains towards downstream areas. (3) Rising average annual temperatures contribute to an unstable atmospheric structure and increased water-holding capacity, facilitating precipitation. Significant influences on precipitation changes include the North Atlantic Oscillation and solar flux, explaining 43.98% and 31.21% of the variation, respectively.