bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circadian Organization Is Governed by Extra-SCN Pacemakers
Authors: Pezuk Pinar , Mohawk Jennifer A. , Yoshikawa Tomoko , Sellix Michael T. , Menaker Michael
Published: December 2010

In mammals, a pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is thought to be required for behavioral, physiological, and molecular circadian rhythms. However, there is considerable evidence that temporal food restriction (restricted feedisng [RF]) and chronic methamphetamine (MA) can drive circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, body temperature, and endocrine function in the absence of SCN. This indicates the existence of extra-SCN pacemakers: the Food Entrainable Oscillator (FEO) and Methamphetamine Sensitive Circadian Oscillator (MASCO). Here, we show that these extra-SCN pacemakers control the phases of peripheral oscillators in intact as well as in SCN-ablated PER2::LUC mice. MA administration shifted the phases of SCN, cornea, pineal, pituitary, kidney, and salivary glands in intact animals. When the SCN was ablated, disrupted phase relationships among peripheral oscillators were reinstated by MA treatment. When intact animals were subjected to restricted feeding, the phases of cornea, pineal, kidney, salivary gland, lung, and liver were shifted. In SCN-lesioned restricted-fed mice, phases of all of the tissues shifted such that they aligned with the time of the meal. Taken together, these data show that FEO and MASCO are strong circadian pacemakers able to regulate the phases of peripheral oscillators.
Functional Molecular Analysis of a Circadian Clock Gene timeless Promoter from the Drosophilid Fly Chymomyza costata
Authors: Kobelková Alena , Bajgar Adam , Dolezel David
Published: December 2010

The circadian transcription of the tim gene is tightly regulated by the protein complex dCLK/CYC, which directly interacts with a series of closely spaced E-box and E-box—like elements in the Drosophila timeless promoter. The tim promoter from D. melanogaster has been studied in detail both in tissue cultures and in living flies yet has never been investigated in other species. This article presents a detailed functional analysis of the tim promoter from the drosophilid fly, C hymomyza costata, in Drosophila tissue cultures. A comparison of tim promoters from wt and npd-mutants confirmed that the 1855 bp deletion in the latter removes crucial regulatory cis-elements as well as the minimal promoter, being subsequently responsible for the lack of tim mRNA expression. Deletion and substitution mutations of the wt tim promoter showed that the region containing the canonical E-box, TER-box, and 2 incomplete E-box sequences is essential for CLK/CYC-mediated expression, while the PERR element appears to be a repressor in S2 cells. Furthermore, the expression of the circadian genes timeless, period , vrille, and doubletime was quantified in C. costata adults. Striking differences were found in expression profiles for tim, per, and vri between wild-type and npd-mutant individuals.
Novel Wheel Running Blocks the Preovulatory Luteinizing Hormone Surge and Advances the Hamster Circadian Pacemaker
Authors: Legan S.J. , Franklin K.M. , Peng X.-L. , Duncan M.J.
Published: December 2010

In rodents, the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge is timed by a circadian rhythm. We recently reported that a phenobarbital-induced delay of the estrous cycle in Syrian hamsters is associated with an approximately 2-h phase advance in both the circadian locomotor activity rhythm and the timing of the LH surge. The following study tests the hypothesis that a >2-h nonpharmacological phase advance in the circadian pacemaker that delays the estrous cycle by a day will also phase advance the LH surge by approximately 2 h. Activity rhythms were continuously monitored in regularly cycling hamsters using running wheels or infrared detectors for about 10 days prior to jugular cannulation. The next day, on proestrus, hamsters were transferred to the laboratory for 1 of 3 treatments: transfer to a “new cage” (and wheel) from zeitgeber time (ZT) 4 to 8 (with ZT12 defined as time of lights-off), or exposure to a “novel wheel” at ZT5 or ZT1. All animals were then placed in constant dark (DD). Blood samples were obtained just before onset of DD and hourly for the next 6 h, on that day and the next day for determination of plasma LH concentrations. Running activity was monitored in DD for about 10 more days. Transfer to a novel wheel at either ZT5 or ZT1 delayed the LH surge to day 2 in most hamsters, whereas exposure to a new cage did not. Only the delayed LH surges were phase advanced at least 2.5 h on average in all 3 groups. However, wheel-running activity was similarly phase advanced in all 3 groups regardless of the timing of the LH surge; thus, the phase advances in circadian activity rhythms were not associated with the 1-day delay of the LH surge. Interestingly, the number of wheel revolutions was closely associated with the 1-day delay of LH surges following exposure to a novel wheel at either ZT1 or ZT5. These results suggest that the intensity of wheel running (or an associated stimulus) plays an important role in the circadian timing mechanism for the LH surge.
Physical andin vitrobiological evaluation of a PA 6/MWCNT electrospun composite for biomedical applications
Authors: Zomer Volpato Fabio , Fernandes Ramos Sérgio Lopes , Motta Antonella , Migliaresi Claudio
Published: December 2010

Significant progress in the study of scaffolds for cell growth has taken place that has led to the development of a wide variety of metallic, polymeric, ceramic, and composite biomaterials. This article describes the fabrication and characterization of an electrospun net with tunable morphological and mechanical properties composed by aligned fibers of polyamide 6 (PA 6) and carboxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Physical and short-term biological properties of the nets were evaluated, focusing on the effect of the filler addition. The production technique used, induced the alignment of MWCNT within the nanofiber axis and the formation of a roughness on the fiber’s surface. The proliferation and activation of MG63 cell line osteoblasts were enhanced due to surface modification caused by the filler addition compared to the purely PA 6 networks.
Lesbian separatist feminism at Michigan Womyn’s music festival
Authors: Browne Kath
Published: December 2010

This paper attends to the 35 years of learning From Michigan Womyn’s Music Festival. Questionnaire, interview and focus group data from the 2006 festival are used to examine: the physical and social creation of feminist separatism at the site of the festival; lesbian cultures, and the lessons and learning of Michfest, all of which create contemporary womyn’s space. The paper thus offers insights into some of the positive contemporary manifestations of lesbian feminist separatisms ‘on the land’ and concludes by contesting oppositional positioning of lesbian feminisms and post-feminism.
Mobile knowledge and the media: The movement of scientific information in the context of environmental controversy
Authors: Bocking Stephen
Published: December 2010

This paper examines the role of the news media in transnational flows of knowledge. Its focus is on salmon aquaculture, an industry operating in Europe, Canada, and elsewhere. To examine the movement of knowledge from Europe to Canada, a sample of 323 news stories mentioning European aquaculture was drawn from 1261 stories about aquaculture published in Canadian newspapers between 1982 and 2007. Their analysis demonstrates the role of the media in selectively moving and shaping scientific knowledge. This role has been influenced by numerous factors, including journalistic norms, source strategies, and the assertion of trust, relevance and scientific credibility. This analysis corrects the common assumption in the internet era that information flows freely: new technology has not obviated the role of social factors. The media’s role in the movement of knowledge also has implications for the geography of science, and for the status of science as a situated practice.
A Randomized Trial of the Effects of Anonymity and Quasi Anonymity on Disclosure of Child Maltreatment-Related Outcomes Among Postpartum Women
Authors: Chase Sara K. , Beatty Jessica R. , Ondersma Steven J.
Published: December 2010

Anonymity may facilitate disclosure of maltreatment-related variables among parents, particularly in the perinatal period. This study was conducted in order to (a) confirm the effect of anonymity on commonly used measures in the field of child maltreatment; (b) examine the extent to which quasi anonymity (in which identifying information is collected but not linked to research data) can also facilitate disclosure on maltreatment-related measures; and (c) examine potential explanatory mechanisms of any association between level of anonymity and disclosure. This study further sought to evaluate these associations in the perinatal period, a crucial point for intervention that is also a time when rates of disclosure may be particularly low. A total of 150 postpartum, primarily African American women were randomly assigned to conditions involving traditional confidentiality, quasi anonymity, or full anonymity. Overall, disclosure on maltreatment-related measures was more than twice as likely for participants in the anonymous condition; quasi anonymity resulted in similar but somewhat smaller increases in disclosure. Anonymous methods may be greatly underutilized in child maltreatment research, and quasianonymous methods show promise as an alternative for longitudinal designs.
The Effects of Gender Discrimination on Refugee Torture Survivors: A Cross-Cultural Traumatology Perspective
Authors: Kira Ibrahim A. , Smith Iris , Lewandowski Linda , Templin Thomas
Published: December 2010

Trauma developmental theory identifies gender discrimination (GD) as a type of persistent, ongoing trauma that has the potential for serious, negative effects on mental health. This study was conducted to examine the potential role of GD in the development of cumulative trauma disorders (CTD) and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as the role of GD in mediating the effects of other traumas on these disorders. The sample included 160 female torture survivors from more than 30 countries. Measures of PTSD, CTD, and types of trauma exposure were acquired as part of a larger study on refugee torture survivors. Structural equation modeling was used to test several plausible models for the direct and indirect effects of GD on PTSD and CTD, within the context of other trauma exposure. Results suggest that GD mediates the effects of identity traumas on CTD and PTSD. GD also had direct effects on CTD, including relationships with dissociation, suicidality, and deficits in executive function. GD did not appear to directly influence the development of PTSD. The implications of these results for assessment and treatment of women’s trauma-related disorders as well as strategies for their prevention are discussed.
Using Concha Electrodes to Measure Cochlear Microphonic Waveforms and Auditory Brainstem Responses
Authors: Zhang Ming
Published: December 2010

During electrocochleography, that is, ECochG or ECoG, a recording electrode can be placed in the ear canal lateral to the tympanic membrane. We designed a concha electrode to record both sinusoidal waveforms of cochlear microphonics (CMs) and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). The amplitudes of CM waveforms and Wave I or compound action potentials (CAPs) recorded at the concha were greater than those recorded at the mastoid but slightly lower than those recorded at the ear canal. Wave V amplitudes recorded at the concha were greater than those recorded at the ear canal but lower than those recorded at the mastoid. There was not a significant difference between the amplitudes recorded at the concha and at the ear canal. For CM and Wave I or CAP, the latency recorded at the concha was longer than at the canal but shorter than at the mastoid; for Wave V, the reverse was true. However, these differences were not statistically significant and may be due to the distance to response generators. Aside from the advantages that the regular ECoG has over otoacoustic emission (OAE) testing, the concha electrode was also easier and safer to place and may be suitable for children, newborn screening, participants with canal conditions, and remote clinics which could have concerns with the availability and cost of a canal electrode. Using concha electrodes, we also experienced fewer postauricular artifacts than when using a mastoid electrode.
Sparse triangular solves for ILU revisited: data layout crucial to better performance
Authors: Smith Barry , Zhang Hong
Published: December 2010

A key to good processor utilization for sparse matrix computations is storing the data in the format that is most conducive to fast access by the memory system. In particular, for sparse matrix triangular solves the traditional compressed sparse matrix format is poor, and minor adjustments to the data structure can increase the processor utilization dramatically. Such adjustments involve storing the L and U factors separately and storing the U rows ‘backwards' so that they are accessed in a simple streaming fashion during the triangular solves. Changes to the PETSc libraries to use this modified storage format resulted in over twice the floating-point rate for some matrices. This improvement can be accounted for by a decrease in the cache misses and TLB (transaction lookaside buffer) misses in the modified code.
Clinical Profile of Diabetic Foot in India
Authors: Pendsey Sharad
Published: December 2010

The clinical profile of diabetes differs across the world on account of differences in social, economic, and cultural factors. India is referred to as the capital of type 2 diabetes. The burden of diabetes as well its complications like the diabetic foot is increasing constantly. This article on the clinical profile of the diabetic foot describes commonly observed problems in India, certain atypical features, and the successful implementation of a national project on reducing leg amputations.
A Difficult Case of Necrotizing Fasciitis Caused By Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Corradino Bartolo , Toia Francesca , di Lorenzo Sara , Cordova Adriana , Moschella Francesco
Published: December 2010

This study reports the case of a 55-year-old woman with diabetes with a necrotizing fasciitis of the right lower limb and the perineum, first admitted at the emergency department for septic shock with cardiac arrest, and later transferred to the department of surgery. Microbiological and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis caused by Acinetobacter baumanii. A broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy was administered and later readjusted according to the results of microbiological culture. Intensive hemodynamic support was required. Wounds were dressed daily with a 3 percent boric acid solution and a silver sulfadiazine-impregnated dressing. An extensive surgical debridement was promptly performed and repeated until complete control of the infection. Wounds were finally covered with split-thickness skin grafts. The infection was overcome 35 days after admission. The graft take was 100%. Postoperative rehabilitation was required because of the functional limitation of lower limb movements. Follow-up at 6 months showed no functional deficit and an acceptable aesthetic result. Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening disorder, especially in patients with diabetes, whose clinical diagnosis may sometimes be challenging. Early recognition and treatment represent the most important factors influencing survival.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Masquerading as a Trophic Ulcer in a Patient With Hansen’s Disease
Authors: Venkatswami Sandhya , Anandan S. , Krishna Nikilesh , Narayanan C.D.
Published: December 2010

Nonhealing trophic ulcers in leprosy are a common phenomenon, but acute malignant transformations of the same are relatively rare. This study reports on a 35-year-old man previously treated for Hansen’s disease with a squamous cell carcinoma involving the right foot with rapid lymphatic spread. He was being treated as a benign trophic ulcer for more than 12 months until he started developing huge inguinal lymph nodes and the ulcer rapidly increased in size. Squamous cell carcinomas are known to occur in ulcers of considerable duration but such rapid growth in such a short duration and rapid lymphatic spread is unusual in Marjolin’s ulcer as the lymphatics are usually destroyed because of previous inflammation and scarring.
Efficacy of cling film for barrier protection in a dental clinical environment: short communication
Authors: Porter Susan J , Porter Kathryn , Sammons Rachel L
Published: December 2010

Disposable plastic film is sometimes used as barrier protection for items of equipment in the dental surgery. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of cling film for this purpose. The clinic experiment investigated whether there was a progressive accumulation of bacteria on the dental chair bracket table surface, protected by cling film, during 10 clinical sessions. The results showed that occasional contamination occurred (1—7 cfu/100cm2) but there was no evidence of accumulation of bacteria beneath the cling film. Laboratory experiments in which Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus sanguinis in suspensions of approximately 3 × 105 cfu/ml were placed on the surface of cling film on agar plates for 30 minutes demonstrated that the organisms were unable to pass through but contaminants from the film were detected on 12/32 plates. We conclude that cling film is effective in this application but could itself potentially be a vehicle for cross-infection.
The novel receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is constitutively active in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acts as a docking site of nonreceptor kinases: implications for therapy
Authors: Ghosh Asish K. , Secreto Charla , Boysen Justin , Sassoon Traci , Shanafelt Tait D. , Mukhopadhyay Debabrata , Kay Neil E.
Published: December 2010

Recently, we detected that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B-cell–derived microvesicles in CLL plasma carry a constitutively phosphorylated novel receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), Axl, indicating that Axl was acquired from the leukemic B cells. To examine Axl status in CLL, we determined the expression of phosphorylated-Axl (P-Axl) in freshly isolated CLL B cells by Western blot analysis. We detected differential levels of P-Axl in CLL B cells, and further analysis showed that expression of P-Axl was correlated with the other constitutively phosphorylated kinases, including Lyn, phosphoinositide-3 kinase, SyK/ζ-associated protein of 70 kDa, phospholipase C γ2 in CLL B cells. We found that these intracellular signaling molecules were complexed with P-Axl in primary CLL B cells. When Axl and Src kinases were targeted by a Src/Abl kinase inhibitor, bosutinib (SKI-606), or a specific-inhibitor of Axl (R428), robust induction of CLL B-cell apoptosis was observed in both a dose- and time-dependent manner. Therefore, we have identified a novel RTK in CLL B cells which appears to work as a docking site for multiple non-RTKs and drives leukemic cell survival signals. These findings highlight a unique target for CLL treatment.
Anisotropic model building with wells and horizons: Gulf of Mexico case study comparing different approaches
Authors: Bakulin Andrey , Liu Yangjun (Kevin) , Zdraveva Olga , Lyons Kevin
Published: December 2010

Anisotropic depth imaging with ver-tical transversely isotropic (VTI) models has become the dominant practice in the industry. However, anisotropic parameters for these models continue to be derived by basic practices without the use of tomography. Hanging a single profile of Thomsen's parameters from the water bottom still remains the most common practice. In a simple structural setting, it is usually possible to focus the data and obtain a good image despite having a simple and unrealistic model for Thomsen's parameters. However, depth positioning of such images is usually suboptimal. Better positioning requires more geologically plausible models. In addition, imaging in complex settings may require tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) models.
Introduction to this special section: Tight gas sands
Authors: Smith Tad , Sayers Colin M. , Liner Chris
Published: December 2010

U.S. production of natural gas is expected to increase from 20 TCF/year in 2008 to approximately 23 TCF by 2035, with most of this growth projected to come from expansion of shale gas plays (Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook, 2010). The bulk of the production, however, will continue to come from sandstone reservoirs, with tight gas sandstones contributing about 19% of the total daily production (Oil and Gas Investor, 2005).
Petrophysics in tight gas reservoirs—key challenges still remain
Authors: Miller Mike , Shanley Keith
Published: December 2010

Unconventional gas resources con-tinue to be a growing part of the total gas production in the United States and have captured the interest of energy firms around the world. Unconventional resources comprise three major categories; tight-gas sand-stones (low-permeability), shale gas, and coal-bed methane. Tight-gas reservoirs currently comprise approx-imately 35% of the uncon-ventional gas production in the U.S. Lower 48 (Wood Mackenzie's Unconventional Gas Service).
Microstructural controls on electric and acoustic properties in tight gas sandstones; some empirical data and observations
Authors: Smith Tad , Sondergeld Carl , Tinni Ali Ousseini
Published: December 2010

Quantitative interpretation of log data from tight gas sandstone reservoirs is almost always difficult, and typically yields saturations that are inconsistent with results from various measurements of well performance. This is an issue of economic importance, as the ability to use log data to reliably identify completion zones and predict well performance could result in considerable cost savings for operators.
3D porosity and mineralogy characterization in tight gas sandstones
Authors: Golab Alexandra N. , Knackstedt Mark A. , Averdunk Holger , Senden Tim , Butcher Alan R. , Jaime Patricio
Published: December 2010

Tight gas reservoirs exhibit storage and flow characteristics that are intimately tied to depositional and diagenetic processes. As a result, exploitation of these resources requires a comprehensive reservoir description and characterization program to identify properties which control production. In particular, tight gas reservoirs have significant primary and secondary porosity and pore connectivity dominated by clays and slot-like pores. This makes them particularly susceptible to the effects of overburden stress and variable water saturation. This paper describes an integrated approach to describe a tight gas sandstone at the pore scale in 3D. In particular, the primary and secondary porosity of a tight gas sandstone are identified and quantified in three dimensions using 3D X-ray micro-CT imaging and visualization of core material at the pore scale. 3D images allow one to map in detail the pore and grain structure and interconnectivity of primary and secondary porosity. Once the tomographic images are combined with SEM images from a single plane within the cubic data set, the nature of the secondary porosity can be determined and quantified. In-situ mineral maps measured on the same polished plane are used to identify different microporous phases contributing to the secondary porosity. Once these data sets are combined, the contribution of individual clay minerals to the microporosity, pore connectivity, and petrophysical response can be determined. Insight into the producibility may also be gained. This illustrates the role 3D imaging technology can play in a comprehensive reservoir characterization program for tight gas.
A rock physics model for tight gas sand
Authors: Ruiz Franklin , Cheng Arthur
Published: December 2010

Tight gas reservoirs are often defined as gas-bearing sandstones or carbonates having in-situ permeabilities to gas less than 0.1 mD (Holditch, 2006; Smith et al., 2009). Tight gas reservoir rocks can be at different in-situ physical conditions: deep or shallow; over- or underpressured; high temperature or low temperature; and under different stress states. The reservoir-forming rock can have different textures such as shaley and silty unconsolidated sandstones or clean-cemented sandstones. These different rocks produce gas at low rates. Tight reservoir rocks can be blanket or lenticular, homogeneous or heterogeneous, and can contain a single layer or multiple layers, be fractured or unfractured, and mainly produce dry natural gas.
Sensitivity of velocities to overpressure within heterogeneous tight gas sand reservoirs
Authors: Sayers Colin M. , Noeth Sheila
Published: December 2010

Tight gas sands account for approximately 19% of the total U.S. gas production, and may contain more than 35% of the U.S. recoverable gas resources (Oil and Gas Investor, 2005). In order to test technology for the production of gas from tight gas sands, the U.S. Department of Energy sponsored a Multiwell Experiment (MWX) in the Rulison gas field in the Piceance Basin, Colorado (Northrop et al., 1983). Drilling commenced in 1981, the field program was completed in 1988, and reporting was completed in 1990. In this article, we examine the relation between acoustic-wave velocities and pore pressures using data acquired during this experiment, and show how acoustic velocities can be used to estimate pore pressure. This is important, because pore pressure is an important factor determining the amount of gas in place, but is difficult to measure directly in low-permeability formations.
GEOPHYSICS BRIGHT SPOTS
Authors: Mahrer K.
Published: December 2010

Greetings dear reader and welcome back to another episode of Bright Spots. This month we feature the November-December 2010 issue of GEOPHYSICS. Our column comes to you via the hard work of a band of Associate Editors (AEs) of GEOPHYSICS. They spotlighted the articles. I am only the messenger and cannot take credit for the choices. So please join me in recognizing these AEs. They certainly made my job manageable, since the Nov-Dec issue of GEOPHYSICS has more than 80 articles! I would still be up to my neck trying to select the Bright Spots. Thanks again, guys.
O Cant: Singing the Race Music of Jean Toomer's Cane
Authors: Graham T. Austin
Published: December 2010

Graham considers Jean Toomer's Cane from a musicological perspective and discusses the novel's musical poetics with an ear toward 1920s discussions of African American folk culture, preservationism, and the mediation of song. At the time of Cane's publication, Toomer's poems—modeled on African American spirituals—could be appreciated and sung by readers of various ethnic backgrounds. This essay argues that their musicality and performability were ultimately intended to promote interracial empathy and to elide racial difference.

Other topics of the essay include turn-of-the-century American theater, Tin Pan Alley and the music industry, anthropology and ethnography in the southern United States, and Toomer's debts or relations to other writers of the Harlem Renaissance, among them James Weldon Johnson, Zora Neale Hurston, Alain Locke, and Langston Hughes.
“Poets of the First Book, Writers of Promise”: Beginning in the Era of the First Book Prize
Authors: Zuba Jesse
Published: December 2010

The proliferation of first book prizes for poetry reflects the increasingly professionalized academic culture in which poetry was published, written, and read during the 1950s and 1960s. This change threatened the validity of the poetic vocation by formalizing the career and thus opening poets to the charge of careerism. Zuba's essay explores the representation of poets' paths in the context of postwar debuts, which consistently evoke the career through the theme of beginning. On the one hand, this emphasis signifies a capitulation to the imperative of development that informs the university-based poetry scene. On the other, laying claim to the status of a beginner may be read as a strategy of defense, for it allows poets to present themselves as if they had yet to embark on professional careers. Interpretations of articulations of beginning in first-book poems by Sylvia Plath, Richard Howard, Robert Pack, and Donald Hall illustrate the ambivalence with which poets responded to the new conditions of poetic production. In turn, that ambivalence signals a need to reevaluate the division between mainstream and countercultural poetries that often structures critical discussion of postwar verse, for it reflects a resistance to cultural norms typically credited solely to mainstream poets' more overtly antiestablishment counterparts on the margins.
A New Global Financial Architecture: Lessons from the Greek Crisis
Authors: Papandreou George A.
Published: December 2010

The prime minister of Greece discusses the causes, dimensions, character, and contributing factors to the current global financial turmoil and points to lessons to be learned from the crisis in his own country. The essay underscores the potential consequences of inattention to emerging threats to financial stability, and warns that no economy is too small to have huge implications for broader economic stability. The author offers concrete recommendations for a new, transparent, and global financial architecture.
Estrangement: The United States and Turkey in a Multipolar Era
Authors: Carpenter Ted Galen
Published: December 2010

Although US leaders have long regarded Turkey as a crucial strategic ally, relations between Ankara and Washington have been deteriorating for years. Domestic changes in Turkey, especially the decline of secular forces, account for some of that estrangement but fundamental disagreements about international issues are a more important cause. The United States and Turkey differ sharply about policy regarding Iraq, Iran, the Israeli-Arab conflict, and other matters. In addition to disagreements about those specific issues, Turkish leaders increasingly view the United States as a reckless, destabilizing power in the Middle East rather than a cautious, stabilizing power. Given that perspective, the estrangement between the two countries is unlikely to diminish in the foreseeable future.
Maastricht and the Death of Social Democracy: The Creation of a Consumer Culture
Authors: Vamvakas Petros
Published: December 2010

The global financial crisis of 2009–2010 has further underscored the demise of social democracy as a legitimate political alternative, for example, due to an absence of a clearly articulated alternative approach to the crisis offered by Social Democratic parties, even though neoliberal deregulated markets have proven to be vulnerable to the corrupt and opaque practices that created a massive crisis of systemic confidence. The author contends that the Maastricht process has transformed the Western European party system away from parties based on ideology and toward catchall issue-oriented parties. For Socialist and Social Democratic parties, this has meant the end of the centrality of the welfare state in their ideological domain. However, other trends have been equally damaging. Unionization, which has been in decline since the 1980s, primarily because of the changing nature of the labor force in postindustrial societies, has been further affected by the Maastricht criteria, which sought to enhance the competitiveness through increasing productivity, reducing wage costs, and significantly restructuring the labor relations that organized labor had achieved. For Social Democratic parties, the changing demographic of its support base, the ideological collapse of the Soviet Union, the adoption of the Maastricht convergence agenda, and the rise of a debt-infused consumer culture has meant death.
Temperature-Dependent Change of Extraction Performance of Soft Cadmium(II) Ion with TPEN–NIPA Gel. Studies on the Effect of the Ethylenediamine Skeleton
Authors: Maekawa Tetsuya , Kida Tatsuya , Miyazaki Yuji , Watanabe Wataru , Inaba Yusuke , Takeshita Kenji , Mori Atsunori
Published: December 2010

TPEN (N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine) derivatives of different skeleton of the ethylene moiety are designed and synthesized. The obtained product is subjected to radical copolymerization with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) to afford the polymer gel. Temperature-dependent extraction performance of TPEN derivatives and the corresponding polymer gels is compared at different temperatures and pH values.
Editorial: My Experience as a Book Review Editor
Authors: Lev Benjamin
Published: December 2010

No abstact available.
The University of Dayton Operations Management Capstone Course: Undergraduate Student Field Consulting Applies Theory to Practice
Authors: Gorman Michael F.
Published: December 2010

The operations management major at the University of Dayton offers a unique capstone experience that features live consulting projects with actual client problems. As a result, students gain valuable experience applying technical skills in a live environment, and clients gain real operations improvements. In the past eight years we have graduated 163 students who have conducted 56 projects for 22 clients. This paper describes how the course is structured, observations of faculty and clients on best practices and risks associated with such an offering, and as evidence of success, the quantitative and qualitative impact the student-led projects have had on clients.
Tutorial: COIN-OR: Software for the OR Community
Authors: Martin Kipp
Published: December 2010

The goal of the COIN-OR Foundation is to serve the operations research community by providing both software and the necessary infrastructure to foster the development and deployment of cutting-edge computational operations research. Many people in the operations research community are either not familiar with just how much COIN-OR can benefit them, or do not know how to obtain and use COIN-OR software. In this tutorial, we first show how COIN-OR software can be applied in the workplace, in the classroom, and in research. We then show how to obtain and use COIN-OR software. We consider two classes of users: those who want to use the COIN-OR software but are not interested in compiling code and those who wish to write code that uses this software as a foundation for their applications.
On the communicative constitution of risk objects in mediated times
Authors: Horlick-Jones Tom , Farr Jordi
Published: December 2010

This article provides an introduction to, and some motivation for, the themes addressed in the following collection of papers. This special issue was initially conceived as a kind of open-ended dialogue between communication studies and sociology, with the central focus being the conceptualization
and practical understanding of the nature of risk communication. In the contemporary world, a technical discourse on risk has, in recent years, assumed the status of a universal basis for governance and administrative practice in both public and private sector spheres. This reframing of pre-existing
organizational concerns in terms of risk categories reflects an underlying bureaucratic concern with the formally accountable, controllable and cost-effective management of contingency. During this period, the use of risk communication as a regulatory, policy and operational tool has become
increasingly important for institutional attempts to optimize resource allocation, and to inform and influence the behaviour of target audiences. The emergence of this risk management society has occurred during a period of enormous growth in the density and complexity of global media communications,
and the saturation of everyday life in an extraordinary diversity of mediated knowledge. Now is the time, we suggest, to re-examine risk communication from the point of view of its reflexive and constitutive dynamics. What are the implications for the nature and characteristics of risk objects
and discourses in mediated, twenty-first-century, times? In what ways do the specific properties of risk objects and discourses come to shape the form of communication processes and practices? The following papers attempt to make some progress in responding to these important questions.
Risk communication and the discourse of fear
Authors: Altheide David
Published: December 2010

Risk communication is emerging as a subformat within institutional formats, including official agency reports (e.g. FBI) and news formats. The latter may draw on the former, while the former virtually never draw on the latter. Claimsmakers may draw on both. The format of risk communication
shapes the organization, presentation, emphasis and interpretation of information. And like all formats, risk communication carries with it a context of assumed audience experiences and expectations. The prevailing context of risk communication is fear, or something to be dreaded, avoided
and even intervened against in order to keep us safe. Moreover, the information models of risk assessment are built on quantitative platforms with measurable results. This means that they are also built on official information bases that have been constructed by agencies with rather narrow
agendas, much of which are self-serving and reflective of their own institutional narratives about efficiency, reliability and validity. Ultimately, then, risk assessment models are subject to all the pitfalls and critiques of official information (Douglas 1967, The Social Meanings of Suicide,
Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press; 1970, Deviance and Respectability; The Social Construction of Moral Meanings, New York: Basic Books; 1971, American Social Order; Social Rules in a Pluralistic Society, New York: Free Press; 1972, Research on Deviance, New
York: Random House) and the social construction of reality including accounting metrics, various fallacies of commensurability (Espeland and Stevens 1998, Commensuration as a Social Process, 24) and isomorphism (Cicourel 1964, Method and Measurement in Sociology, New York: Free
Press of Glencoe), and bureaucratic propaganda (Altheide and Johnson 1980, Bureaucratic Propaganda, Boston: Allyn and Bacon).
Shifting anxieties, altered media: Risk communication in networked times
Authors: Murdock Graham
Published: December 2010

Over the last two decades both the landscape of risk and the organization of public communication have been substantially transformed by the intersection of two processes: the digitalization of media systems and the acceleration of marketization. Taken together, these shifts raise a series of conceptual and research issues for work in risk communication. This article sets out to sketch an agenda for discussion by outlining the implications of current changes for five key areas of risk research: public knowledge, public debate; popular participation and mobilization; surveillance and monitoring; and security and safety. It argues that in the current economic and political context digitalized media have contradictory potentials. On the one hand, they can enhance public engagement in information, deliberation and mobilization around risk issues. On the other hand, they also allow for more intensive categorization of selected social groups as sources of risk, and by making the operation of essential infrastructural services increasingly dependent on digital networks, they generate a major new source of economic and social risks.
A new epistemic community in nuclear waste governance? Theoretical reflections and empirical observations on some fundamental challenges
Authors: Stauffacher Michael , Moser Corinne
Published: December 2010

Discourses around nuclear waste were, for decades, dominated by techn(ocrat)ic debates. The respective international group of experts can be understood as an epistemic community (Haas 1992), as this community impacts on the way an issue is perceived and discussed. Yet, nuclear waste
is not only a technical, but also a so-called socio-technical problem, and hence the discourses have been broadened. Lately, risk communication has become ubiquitous in discussions on the siting of nuclear waste across the globe. Lay knowledge, risk perception, involvement and procedural justice
are some of the terms used and negotiated here. Thus, the question can be posed as to whether this trend will lead to the development of a new epistemic community that also includes experts on social scientific aspects. Using a set of different sources, we demonstrate potential difficulties
in the mutual understanding of interdisciplinary teams in nuclear waste governance. We conclude by arguing that epistemological differences and structural challenges are so fundamental that it is unlikely that a new epistemic community will be able to develop.
Risk information and minority identity in the neighbourhood of industrial facilities
Authors: Poumadère Marc , Bertoldo Raquel
Published: December 2010

Informing communities who live in the vicinity of dangerous industries has become an established principle of risk policy and management, as demonstrated, for instance, by the EU Seveso Directive and the US Right to Know Act. The underlying postulate is that populations will be better off in accident situations if they are informed beforehand. Or, as Harmon bluntly puts it, populations in an accident situation can be part of the problem or part of the solution (Harmon 2007). Subjacent operational goals suggest that risk information should engage populations to behave responsibly and to take care of themselves, which will lower the workload of emergency forces and health units, while limiting panic and organizational chaos in case of accident (Paton and Johnston 2001). Accident-impacted communities have often been studied from a socio-economic perspective, acknowledging social inequalities in risk exposure (Graham et al. 1999). More recently, the identity of local populations has been shown to be constructed partially through making various accommodations to the presence of the dangerous industrial installation (e.g. social attenuation of risk regarding an accident that, in the vast majority of cases, will never occur; Poumadre 2009). In this article, using French and other European examples, we further these recent analyses through the concepts ofminority identityandsocial representations: minority status designates not only numeric inferiority, but also, more importantly, a different and less powerful position (Mugny 1982, Moscovici 1979). Communities targeted to receive accident risk information do form a numeric minority, as only a fraction of the general population is affected. But they are a minority as well in terms of cognitions, as these local communities find themselves doing what the overall population declares it would never do: live in the neighbourhood of dangerous industries. Our approach to minority communities under the influence of laws and regulations promulgated by a majority should prompt a reassessment of the logic and possible efficiency of risk information in this context. This previously unconsidered aspect of risk policy and management could lead to a better articulation that cuts across the generally established right to know and the more ambivalent wish to know of specific communities. This articulation could engender local empowerment through improvements in quality of life, as defined within each community.
News media and the (de)construction of risk: How Flemish newspapers select and cover international disasters
Authors: Joye Stijn
Published: December 2010

News media play an important role in giving publicity and meaning to global suffering, as it is mainly through media reports that the world perceives international risk situations. This article focuses on natural and technological disasters as part of the contemporary risk society and
their (de)construction by Flemish news media. Applying quantitative content analysis, the study reveals that 70.8 per cent of all disasters occurring between 1986 and 2006 are neglected by the newspapers, for the large part disasters in less developed countries. Regarding news coverage, proximity
appears to be the guiding principle. Disasters developing in western or high-income countries are well covered while distant crises in the peripheral south are struggling to get attention, unless they affect a huge number of (western) people. In general, this article supports the claim that
disasters and other instances of risk are essentially media constructs: they exist only when covered by the media.
Risk communication, phenomenology, and the limits of representation
Authors: Kinsella William J.
Published: December 2010

Despite movements towards more dialogic and rhetorical models, the field of risk communication remains rooted in foundational commitments regarding ontology, epistemology, authority and practice. In prevailing views of risk communication, risk is the primary phenomenon and communication
is a secondary and subordinate process. Applying Heidegger's phenomenological critique of the modern world picture, phenonenologically-grounded communication theory, and Luhmann's model of autopoietic social systems, this essay proposes an alternative view in which communication constitutes,
rather than represents, risks and explores the implications of such a view.
A model small cinema: Icelandic film policy since 1978
Authors: White Jerry
Published: December 2010

This article argues that film policy-making in Iceland offers an example of a marginal European culture that has been able to balance cultural and economic imperatives in a way that acknowledges the reality of transnational film production. Following a brief description of Icelandic
film culture, the article discusses film laws of 1978, 1984, 1999, 2001 and 2003. The article also provides a sketch of Icelandic archiving policy and exhibition. Overall, we can see that Icelandic film policy has for several decades been simultaneously locally oriented and internationalist,
and has allowed for the simultaneous emergence of popular and less mainstream film-making practices, and that it is quite exceptional by the standards of small countries.
Mother's little nightmare: Photographic and monstrous genealogies in David Lynch's The Elephant Man
Authors: Nowak Lars
Published: December 2010

David Lynch's film The Elephant Man (1980) tells of the bourgeoisification and rehumanization of the physically deformed Englishman Joseph Merrick, who was put on display as the Elephant Man in European freak shows. The stages of this formative process are illustrated by the
monster's progressive acquisition of the ability to engage in the normative use of photographic images. These events are framed by an allegory that constructs two material genealogies, Merrick's own and the genealogy of the filmic medium, and presents the origins of these genealogies, Merrick's
mother and the medium of photography, as divided and derivative. At the same time, the interweaving of the two genealogies does not allow film to appear as photography's legitimate descendent, but rather its monstrous offspring. But The Elephant Man suggests that it is precisely this
monstrosity that allows film in contrast to photography to represent the monster in a way that lends him a human countenance. This celebration of the filmic culminates in the final sequence, in which the transformation of the photographic medium into the filmic is surpassed by a general transformation
from mediated to immediate, in which Lynch's film paradoxically allows its own medium to participate.
Miszelle: Das Verschweigen des sexuellen Missbrauchs in Henrik Ibsens Rosmersholm
Authors: Tanzmann Christian
Published: December 2010

Up to present the fact that the protagonist of the Rosmersholm-tragedy had become a victim of sexual abuse by her own father, has entirely been neglected nor been subject of any scientific research on Ibsen's works. The tabou constantly avoiding implications conscerning sexual abuse, and, in addition to that, Freud's interpretation of the tragedy, which favors (sic !) the daughter's sexual desire towards her father instead of the father's one towards his own daughter, might have been the underlying reason for this scientific negligence. The essay is a revised version of a basic chapter of the author's thesis critically debating psychoanalytic samples of research on and about the works of Gottfried Keller.