bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
수확시기에 따른 수확 후 PE필름, 1-MCP 및 AVG 처리가 ‘상주둥시’ 감과실의 저온저장동안 과실품질에 미치는 영향
Authors: Win Nay Myo , Yoo Jingi , Ryu Seulgi , Lee Jinwook , Jung Hee-Young , Choung Myoung-Gun , Park Kyeung-il , Cho Young-Je , Kang Sang-Jae , Kang In-Kyu
Published: March 2020

This study was aimed to test harvest time effect with polyethylene (PE) film liner, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) treatments on fruit quality attributes in ‘Sangjudungsi’ persimmon fruit during cold storage. The fruits were harvested 10 days earlier in 2016 than the mature harvest time in 2015. The ethylene production was significantly lower in early harvested fruits than in mature harvested ones. Flesh firmness was maintained higher in 1-MCP treated fruit than in other treatments during cold storage. The rate of fruit weight loss was significantly inhibited by PE film liner treatment during storage, regardless of harvest time. 1-MCP treatment showed less change in fruit peel color variables (L* and b*) from the calyx-end and equatorial regions during cold storage, compared with those from the control and PE film treatments. The incidence rate of fruit decay and softening was higher in PE film treated fruits than in the other treatments. However, there was no decay detected in AVG treated fruit. The early harvested fruits were maintained higher flesh firmness, compared with mature harvested fruits. Nevertheless, the mature harvested fruits showed much higher soluble solids content, the redness (Hunter a value) of the fruit peel and respiration rate, compared with early harvested fruits. Furthermore, the rate of weight loss in the fruit was remarkably inhibited in the PE film treatment.
Manufacture technology of tofu shake added with red rice
Authors: Cho Eun-Jeong , Lee Sang-Soo , Kwon Dong-Jin
Published: March 2020

To establish manufacturing technology of tofu shake added with red rice prepared with Monascus purpureus KCCM 60570, the quality characteristics of tofu shake added with M. purpureus KCCM 60570 were investigated. Also, we determined the optimal mixing ratios of raw materials including red rice for manufacturing tofu shake. Monacolin K and mold number of red rice were increased rapidly until 8th day of incubation and then gradually increased during the 12 day manufacturing period. As the results, it was considered to be most suitable to prepare red rice for 8 days at 25°C, and inoculate 1% (w/w) M. purpureus KCCM 60570. Sensory evaluation of tofu shake added with red rice and tofu shake without red rice was not significantly different at p<0.05. In sensory evaluation, tofu shake added with 0.5% (w/w) red rice was higher in taste, texture, and overall acceptability than the other. Therefore, the optimal mixing ratio of red rice and tofu shake is 0.5% (w/w). These results suggest that the addition of red rice could improve the quality of tofu shake.
Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction process of Hordeum vulgare L. by response surface methodology
Authors: Lee Jae-Jun , Park Dae-Hee , Lee Won-Young
Published: March 2020

This study attempted to find optimum extract range of active ingredient for barley sprouts (Hordeum vulgare L.). Extracts from Hordeum vulgare L. were made by microwave extraction method and total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity (DPPH) were measured with extract of Hordeum vulgare L.. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to a extraction process, and central composite design (CCD) was also used for this process to examine the optimum condition. Independent variables (Xn) are concentration of ethanol (X1: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100%), microwave power (X2: 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 W), extraction time (X3: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 min). Dependent variables (Yn) are TPC (Y1), TFC (Y2), DPPH radical scavenging (Y3). It is formed by sixteen conditions to extract. The R2 value of dependent variables is ranged from 0.90 to 0.97 (p<0.05). Experiments values within the optimal range (40% of ethanol concentration, 120 W of microwave power, 18 min of extraction time) were 3.74 mg GAE/g (TPC), 3.00 mg RE/g (TFC), 35.43% (DPPH), respectively. Under the optimized conditions, predicted value showed no significant difference comparing with the experimental values.
Antioxidant activity and physicochemical composition of fermented Vigna angularis using Bacillus subtilis KCCM 11965P
Authors: Jeong Kyung Ok , Oh Keun Su , Moon Kwang Hyun , Kim Dae Geun , Im So Yeon , Lee Eun Ji , Kim Na Ri , Kim Wook , Kim Hae Jin , Lee Jeong Ho
Published: March 2020

Health of human intestine has deteriorated due to excessive stress and western diet. In this study, Vigna angularis was fermented by Bacillus subtilis KCCM11965P in order to develop prebiotic resource for improving bowel movement. The contents of ash and crude protein were 3.35±0.04% and 21.1±0.19% respectively. Vigna angularis extract (1, 3, 5%) were incubated with 3% (v/v) Bacillus subtilis KCCM 11965P for 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. Total bacterial numbers showed that the combination of 3% powdered seeds and 72 h incubation time was optimum condition for this experiment. Total polyphenol content increased from 0.18±0.010 mg/mL in pre-incubation to 0.23±0.007 mg/mL in post-incubation with the condition mentioned above. DPPH radical scavenging activity also increased from 36.1±6.0% to 63.6±5.2%. Analysis of protease activity showed 2.69±0.003 unit/mL in combination of 5% powdered seeds and 72 h incubation time. Amylase activity increased from 1.0±0.1 unit/mL in pre-incubation to 26.0±0.2 unit/mL in post-incubation. The analysis of free amino acids after incubation with Bacillus subtilis KCCM 11965P showed that leucine increased from 5.22 mg/L to 67.59 mg/L and tyrosine, one of non-essential amino acid also increased 10.08 mg/L to 259.35 mg/L by incubation with 5% powdered seeds. Most of organic acid were reduced by incubation for 72 h. These results suggest that Vigna angularis could be utilized most as a prebiotic resources.
Antioxidant and anti-aging activities of water extracts from Chionanthus retusus flesh according to different extraction temperatures
Authors: Choi Hae-Sim , Lee Yang-Suk , Seo Su-Jeong , Kim Nam-Woo
Published: March 2020

The fringe tree, Chionanthus retusus (Oleaceae) has been used as a natural remedy that helps a paralytic stroke, dementia, phlegm and malaria. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of water extracts obtained from the flesh of C. retusus by reflux extraction at room temperature and 80°C, and pressure heating extraction at 110°C, for an increment of their practical use. The highest extraction yield from the flesh of C. retusus was 67.94% extract by pressure heating extraction at 110°C. The content of total polyphenol compounds was the highest by 72.71 mg/g in 80°C extract by reflux extraction. The highest content of total flavonoid compounds was 7.60 mg/g at 110°C extract. The results of soluble protein and reducing sugar contents showed the highest content of 4.93 mg/g and 46.77 mg/g in 110°C extract, respectively. In the analysis of DPPH radical scavenging activity, all extracts showed an excellent effect of 92% in 1.0 mg/mL concentration. The highest effect of ABTS radical scavenging activity was 88.67% at 110°C extraction in 1.0 mg/mL concentration. Nitrite scavenging ability was the highest as 66.16% at 110°C extract at pH 1.2 and 1.0 mg/mL concentration. The results of SOD-like activity and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities showed the highest effect of 14.95% and 59.45% at 110°C extract in 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. Tyrosinase inhibition activity for whitening effect was the highest of 35.31% at 85°C in 1.0 mg/mL. In the analysis of anti-aging effect, collagenase and elastase inhibition activity showed the highest effects of 37.78% at 110°C and 20.39% at 80°C, respectively. All results of antioxidant activities and anti-aging effects increased along with the concentration increases. These results indicated that the extracts extracted from the flesh of C. retusus at 80°C and 110°C have a large amount of useful ingredients, an excellent antioxidant activity, like as DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, and anti-aging effects to develop functional products than those of 25°C.
Inhibition effect of herbs on the rancidity of soybean oil
Authors: Ryu Keun-Young , Kim Ae-Gyeong , Kim Tae-Sun , Lee Hyang-Hee , Seo Kye-Won , Cho Bae-Sik
Published: March 2020

In this study, we investigated the inhibition effect of various herbs on the rancidity of soybean oil. The antioxidant activity of herb-infused oils was evaluated by examining their total phenolic contents and DPPH radical scavenging abilities. The total phenolic contents were found to increase with addition of herbs to the soybean oil. Rosemary-infused oil (RO) exhibited the highest total phenolic contents (77.28 μg GE/mL), followed by the lemon-balm-infused oil (LO), green-tea-infused oil (GO), and soybean oil (SO) alone (36.82, 36.66, and 21.24 μg GE/mL, respectively). Similary, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the herb infused oil also increased. Moreover, measurements on the total polar compound (TPC) contents, acid value, and p-anisidine value were carried out in order to confirm the changes in the rancidity of the oils during frying. The time for the TPC content to reach 25% was confirmed to be delayed from 62 h for SO to 68 h, 74 h, and 80 h for GO, RO, LO, respectively. Even though there were some differences between the p-anisidine and acid values, it was confirmed that the addition of herbs inhibited the rancidity of soybean oil. Therefore, the results in this study show that adding herbs to soybean oil could positively contribute to the inhibition of oxidation and rancidity.
In vitro correlation between anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of stone and seed of peaches cultivars
Authors: Jung Kyung-Mi , Baek Seung-hwa
Published: March 2020

Peach seeds contain a large amount of phenolic components and exhibit excellent physiological effects in various diseases. We examined the antioxidant effects of stone and seed of three peach cultivars (Miwhang, MH; Kanoiwa hakuto, KH; and Cheonhong, CH) by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, ferric reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) assay, and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) reduction. The results showed that the stone extracts of CH had higher levels of total phenols and flavonoids than those of the other cultivars do, and the stone extracts of KH and CH have the potential to reduce DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC activities. In addition, we found that KH, MH, and CH stone extracts decreased nitric oxide generation in RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells. The total phenol and flavonoid contents had no significant correlation with anti-oxidant activities. On the other hand, the anti-inflammatory activity had a low linear correlation with anti-oxidant activities and total phenol and flavonoid contents. The present results suggest that the correlation between antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of stone and seed, and the appropriate combination of the stone and seed extracts could be used as an anti-inflammatory treatment and prevention material, respectively.
Perspectives on disruptive technology and innovation
Authors: Liu Wan , Liu Ren-huai , Chen Hui , Mboga Jet
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Disruptive technology and innovation represent complex conflicts in nature. This paper aims to present an analytical review of the heterogeneity and conflicts that exist in the disruptive technology/innovation between the eastern and western countries using Chinese high-speed railways to illustrate disruptive innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

The emerging economy brings about other theoretical and practical conflicts. Qualitative analysis is conducted on Chinese high-speed railways to assess the validity of innovation characteristics using Professor Clayton M. Christensen’s theories of disruptive technology/innovation and conflict. The authors explore the conflicts that can accompany the introduction of disruptive technologies in the current platform and how appropriately this specific context can lessen these conflicts.

Findings

The study revealed that Christensen’s theories could be applied 100per cent to the Chinese context if the western disruptive innovation theory can meet the practical requirements of Chinese disruptive technology/innovation. Qualitative analysis showed that Chinese high-speed railways had experienced greater success with disruptive innovation mechanism. The authors conclude that while the Chinese market is critical in shaping the kind of innovations that are emerging there, many disruptive technologies/innovations in China have their roots in the low-end market and new market. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

Originality/value

There exists a research gap in the literature on the Chinese context. Conflict of disruptive technology and innovation within China and the characteristics of the Chinese high-speed railway prompt further research for scholars and practitioners.
Trade diversion risk for halal food exports
Authors: Kabir Shahriar , Shams Syed , Lawrey Roger
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the link between trade diversion risk and new Halal market exploration.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper analyzes the Halal trade flows for Malaysia’s top 11 halal food/food-related commodities from 1967 to 2018 by relying on co-integration and auto-regression techniques.

Findings

This paper determines that the greater the country’s current comparative advantage in an exported good, the higher the risk of export diversion between the Halal and conventional markets. The diversion risk, however, disappears with a lower current comparative advantage.

Practical implications

To take advantage of the fast-emerging Halal market, a country should expand export of commodities with relatively low current comparative advantage but high demand in the target market, along with supportive trade policies to build competitiveness in the long term.

Originality/value

This study fills the gap in the literature by investigating if the theory of comparative advantage can predict the market diversification risk that may arise from the expansion of exports to the Halal market occurring alongside existing exports to the conventional market.
Controlling and enabling practices to manage supply in online service triads
Authors: van Kalsbeek Robert , Broekhuis Manda , Roodbergen Kees Jan
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand which controlling and enabling practices are used, how the numerous supplying partners are managed and how positive network effects are generated in online service triads (multi-sided platform – supplying partners – consumers).

Design/methodology/approach

A single representative in-depth case study was conducted to refine theory on managing service triads. The main data source consists of field notes collected by one author, who held a temporary position within the organization. Additional data were collected from observations, internal documents, informal talks and 20 interviews.

Findings

The authors found controlling and enabling organizational practices in four main categories on two levels as follows: managing network composition (system level), managing order fulfillment and returns (operations level), category management (both levels) and capability enhancement (both levels).

Research limitations/implications

The authors show that both controlling and enabling practices are present in online service triads. This enables platform owners and supplying partners to share responsibilities for creating positive network effects, i.e. to increase scale, which increases value, which again attracts more suppliers and consumers, which creates more value, etc.

Practical implications

The authors present a range of and controlling and enabling practices that describe how multi-sided platforms can manage numerous supplying partners in an online context.

Originality/value

This study is the first to show that contractual and relational governance is insufficient in service triads in online settings with numerous supplying partners. Further, the authors provide empirical evidence that supply networks continuously adapt over time.
Epidemiological features of rosacea in Changsha, China: A population‐based, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Li Jinglin , Wang Ben , Deng Yuxuan , Shi Wei , Jian Dan , Liu Fangfen , Huang Yingxue , Tang Yan , Zhao Zhixiang , Huang Xin , Li Ji , Xie Hongfu
Published: March 2020

Rosacea is a common chronic skin disorder of unknown etiology. While population prevalence rates range 0.2–22% in Europe and North America, prevalence in China is currently undetermined. We conducted a large population‐based case–control study to determine the present epidemiological status of rosacea in China, involving 10 095 participants aged 0–100 years (mean age, 35.5 ± 19.1; 50.5% female). A census of rosacea among 15 communities in Changsha in south central China was conducted with skin examination by board‐certified dermatologists. Rosacea was observed in 3.48% (95% confidence interval, 3.13–3.85%) of the study population. Subtype distribution was erythematotelangiectatic in 47.6%, papulopustular in 35.0% and phymatous in 17.4%. Family history was noted in 37.8% and ocular symptoms in 31.3%. Associations with rosacea were observed for melasma, hypertension, hyperthyroidism and breast cancer in females (P < 0.05), and also for hyperthyroidism and peptic ulcers in males (P < 0.05). Our results provide baseline information about epidemiological aspects of rosacea in China.
Surgical site infection caused by Aeromonas hydrophila presenting as necrotizing soft tissue infection after esophagectomy
Authors: Yamasaki Osamu , Takahashi Eizo , Noda Kazuyo , Kanaya Nobuhiko , Tanabe Shunsuke , Shirakawa Yasuhiro , Morizane Shin
Published: March 2020

Several virulence factors of Aeromonas such as hemolysin, proteases and lipases have been characterized. The relationship between these virulence factors and disease remains unclear. A 71‐year‐old man underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy, lymph node dissection and Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction for esophageal cancer. On postoperative day 1, redness around the wound on the thoracic abdominal wall gradually enlarged and necrosis became apparent with septic shock. Necrotizing soft tissue infection was suspected and emergency surgical debridement was performed. Blood and wound cultures were positive for Aeromonas hydrophila. The strain was found to have hemolytic activity, proteolytic activity and extremely high elastolytic activity. In addition, the strain actively produced elastolytic metalloprotease, which may contribute to extensive tissue necrosis.
DNA sequencing, genomes and genetic markers of microbes on fruits and vegetables
Authors: Shen Youming , Nie Jiyun , Kuang Lixue , Zhang Jianyi , Li Haifei
Published: March 2020

The development of DNA sequencing technology has provided an effective method for studying foodborne and phytopathogenic microorganisms on fruits and vegetables (F & V). DNA sequencing has successfully proceeded through three generations, including the tens of operating platforms. These advances have significantly promoted microbial whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) and DNA polymorphism research. Based on genomic and regional polymorphisms, genetic markers have been widely obtained. These molecular markers are used as targets for PCR or chip analyses to detect microbes at the genetic level. Furthermore, metagenomic analyses conducted by sequencing the hypervariable regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) have revealed comprehensive microbial communities in various studies on F & V. This review highlights the basic principles of three generations of DNA sequencing, and summarizes the WGS studies of and available DNA markers for major bacterial foodborne pathogens and phytopathogenic fungi found on F & V. In addition, rDNA sequencing‐based bacterial and fungal metagenomics are summarized under three topics. These findings deepen the understanding of DNA sequencing and its application in studies of foodborne and phytopathogenic microbes and shed light on strategies for the monitoring of F & V microbes and quality control.
Application of Bayesian causal inference and structural equation model to animal breeding
Authors: Inoue Keiichi
Published: March 2020

Optimized breeding goals and management practices for the improvement of target traits requires knowledge regarding any potential functional relationships between them. Fitting a structural equation model (SEM) allows for inferences about the magnitude of causal effects between traits to be made. In recent years, an adaptation of SEM was proposed in the context of quantitative genetics and mixed models. Several studies have since applied the SEM in the context of animal breeding. However, fitting the SEM requires choosing a causal structure with prior biological or temporal knowledge. The inductive causation (IC) algorithm can be used to recover an underlying causal structure from observed associations between traits. The results of the papers, which are introduced in this review, showed that using the IC algorithm to infer a causal structure is a helpful tool for detecting a causal structure without proper prior knowledge or with uncertain relationships between traits. The reports also presented that fitting the SEM could infer the effects of interventions, which are not given by correlations. Hence, information from the SEM provides more insights into and suggestions on breeding strategy than that from a multiple‐trait model, which is the conventional model used for multitrait analysis.
Phase I study of imalumab (BAX69), a fully human recombinant antioxidized macrophage migration inhibitory factor antibody in advanced solid tumours
Authors: Mahalingam Devalingam , Patel Manish R. , Sachdev Jasgit C. , Hart Lowell L. , Halama Niels , Ramanathan Ramesh K. , Sarantopoulos John , Völkel Dirk , Youssef Ashraf , de Jong Floris A. , Tsimberidou Apostolia Maria
Published: March 2020

Aim

Preclinical evidence suggests that oxidized macrophage migration inhibitory factor (oxMIF) may be involved in carcinogenesis. This phase 1 study (NCT01765790) assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and antitumour activity of imalumab, an oxMIF inhibitor, in patients with advanced cancer using ‘3 + 3’ dose escalation.

Methods

In Schedule 1, patients with solid tumours received doses from 1 to 50 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks. In Schedule 2, patients with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma, non‐small‐cell lung, or ovarian cancer received weekly doses of 10 or 25 mg/kg IV (1 cycle = 28 days). Treatment continued until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, dose‐limiting toxicity, or withdrawal of consent.

Results

Fifty of 68 enrolled patients received imalumab. The most common treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) included fatigue (10%) and vomiting (6%); four grade 3 serious TRAEs (two patients) occurred. The dose‐limiting toxicity was allergic alveolitis (one patient, 50 mg/kg every 2 weeks). The maximum tolerated and biologically active doses were 37.5 mg/kg every 2 weeks and 10 mg/kg weekly, respectively. Of 39 assessed patients, 13 had stable disease (≥4 months in 8 patients).

Conclusions

Imalumab had a maximum tolerated dose of 37.5 mg/kg every 2 weeks in patients with advanced solid tumours, with a biologically active dose of 10 mg/kg weekly. Further investigation will help define the role of oxMIF as a cancer treatment target.
Heralding the Value of Design in Business
Authors: Walton Thomas
Published: March 2020

Those were heady days in which to start a magazine devoted to design management—but a few “true believers” saw the future of design at the board level.

The Review’s founding editor looks back on this magazine’s beginnings as design management begins its ascent to the board level.
From creative outlet to perceived panacea: Can design deliver?
Authors: Trummer Juliane , El Mahgiub Maruan
Published: March 2020

Design has meant many things to many people, but it’s safe to say it has never been presented as a way to save the world… until now.

Design as solution for the world’s ills: a pretty big burden to carry.
The Impact Canvas: An Ethical Design Experiment
Authors: Walmsley Craig
Published: March 2020

When we set out to design a product or a service, what are the questions we should ask early on to minimize the risk of unintended consequences?

The law of unintended consequences also applies to design.
Spatial behaviour of the Apennine hare: Are females territorial?
Authors: Lovari Sandro , Fattorini Niccolò , Calosi Martina , Cozzi Francesca , Gabbrielli Chiara , Giari Chiara , Torniai Letizia , Romeo Giorgia , Mori Emiliano
Published: March 2020

The spatial behaviour of seven male and five female Apennine hares Lepus corsicanus was studied in a scrub‐wood area of Central Italy, through radiotracking. The median percentage of home‐range overlap was about five times lower between females (< 15%) than between males (75%). Intrasexual aggression was recorded for females, but never for males. No species within the Lepus genus are known to be territorial, whereas we suggest that inter‐individual female intolerance in the Apennine hare may be compatible with territoriality. The Apennine hare is also unusual among hares because it reproduces throughout the year, that is also during food‐poor months, which could have triggered resource defence between females to maximise their reproductive fitness.
Fracture behaviour analysis of the full‐graded concrete based on digital image correlation and acoustic emission technique
Authors: Xiangqian Fan , Shengtao Li , Xudong Chen , Saisai Liu , Yuzhu Guo
Published: March 2020

Three‐point bending tests of the full‐graded concrete under different loading rates were carried out. The cracks were quantitatively analyzed by digital image correlation (DIC). The toughening mechanism during the crack development process was observed, and there are obvious crack branching and aggregate interlocking during the crack propagation. At the same load level, the crack opening width increases with the increase of the loading rate. DIC detects a decrease in the tortuosity of the fracture morphology. And at the same time, the damage of the dam concrete was evaluated by the frequency analysis and the damage type analysis from acoustic emission (AE) signals. The signal strength increases at a higher loading rate as well as the tensile type cracks. The results show that the monitoring results of DIC and AE technique are in agreement with each other, which is very effective for determining the fracture behaviour of concrete materials.

Highlights

The aggregate interlocking and crack branching form the toughening mechanism after peak

The interlocking and crack branching decrease with the increase of the loading rate.

Signals with different frequency content correspond to different fracture scale.

The development type of crack tends to direct tension with the increase of the rate.
Effects of pasture age on the genotype and phenotype of perennial ryegrass
Authors: Faville Marty J. , Crush James R. , Hong Won , Phillips Holly , Lee Julia M. , Chapman David
Published: March 2020

Limited persistence of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in dairy pastures is a significant issue in parts of New Zealand. The contribution of plant genetic background to this problem is not well understood. Temporal changes were investigated in genotypic and phenotypic composition of two perennial ryegrass cultivars (Nui SE and Alto AR37, older and newer cultivars respectively) sown as fields plots at three locations. Samples from survivor populations collected annually over 6 years from each location were established in a field nursery, analysed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and assessed for vigour, leaf morphology and tiller number. SSR‐based estimates of the statistic G′ST indicated no significant (p > .05) genetic differentiation between survivor populations and plants grown from remnant seed (ex‐seed) after 5 years, and no significant change (p > .05) in within‐population genetic diversity for either cultivar at any location. SSR analysis of endophytic fungus (Epichloë festucae var. lolii) type revealed only limited ingress of off‐type ryegrass volunteers into plots at two locations. Vigour scores of survivor plants were not significantly (p > .05) different among plants collected from different locations and ex‐seed plants. Leaves on ex‐seed plants were longer (p < .001) than those on the survivor plants after four but not 6 years and may reflect a short‐term response to climatic conditions experienced in the field nursery. Our results suggest that the reported poor ryegrass persistence is not driven by changes in population genetic structure and that the sown cultivars survived and remained true to type.
Are small renal masses all the same?
Authors: Tan Yu Guang , Khalid Mohamad Farhan Bin , Villanueva Andre , Huang Hong Hong , Chen Kenneth , Sim Allen Soon Phang
Published: March 2020

Objectives

To evaluate variables that can predict synchronous metastasis in patients presenting with small renal masses.

Methods

We reviewed our institution’s prospectively maintained database of 565 patients diagnosed with small renal masses (≤4 cm) over a 16‐year period. Variables associated with synchronous metastasis and subsequent relapse were analyzed using χ2 and logistic regression models.

Results

A total of 16 patients (2.7%) presented with synchronous metastasis. Just three patients with tumor size <3 cm had metastatic disease at presentation. On multivariate analyses, tumor size >3 cm, symptomatic cancer, age >65 years and ipsilateral synchronous tumors were independent predictors of M1 renal cell carcinoma. A weighted predictive model (concordance index 0.786) showed that a score ≥2 significantly increases the risk of synchronous metastasis (7.9% vs <1% for score <2, P < 0.01, hazard ratio 12.56, 95% confidence interval 5.52–22.85). A total of 498 (90.7%) patients underwent nephrectomies, 27 (4.9%) had ablative therapies and 24 (4.4%) continued on active surveillance/watchful waiting. Over a median follow‐up period of 62.8 months, 30 patients (6.1%) had disease recurrence. On multivariate analyses, higher Fuhrman grade and lymphovascular invasion were independent predictors of recurrence. A separate predictive model (concordance index 0.723) showed that either pathological outcome increases recurrence risk up to 15% (P < 0.01, hazard ratio 11.83, 95% confidence interval 5.82–18.76).

Conclusions

Several clinical variables can better identify the metastatic potential of small renal masses. The two proposed predictive models can be valuable tools in future clinical practice.
PTBP1 modulates osteosarcoma chemoresistance to cisplatin by regulating the expression of the copper transporter SLC31A1
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Ding Qiuyue , Zhang Zhicai , Wang Shangyu , Zhong Binlong , Huang Xin , Shao Zengwu
Published: March 2020

Chemoresistance is the main obstacle of treatment in patients with osteosarcoma. RNA‐binding protein PTBP1 has been identified as an oncogene in various cancers. However, the role of PTBP1 in osteosarcoma, especially in chemoresistant osteosarcoma, and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the functions of PTBP1 in chemoresistance of osteosarcoma. We found that PTBP1 was significantly increased in chemotherapeutically insensitive osteosarcoma tissues and cisplatin‐resistant osteosarcoma cell lines (MG‐63CISR and U‐2OSCISR) as compared to chemotherapy‐sensitive osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Knock‐down of PTBP1 can enhance the anti‐proliferation and apoptosis‐induced effects of cisplatin in MG‐63CISR and U‐2OSCISR cells. Moreover, PTBP1 knock‐down significantly up‐regulated the expression of the copper transporter SLC31A1, as indicated by transcriptome sequencing. Through RNA immunoprecipitation, dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA stability detection, we confirmed that PTBP1 binds to SLC31A1 mRNA and regulates the expression level of SLC31A1 by affecting mRNA stability. Additionally, SLC31A1 silencing abrogated the chemosensitizing effect of PTBP1 knock‐down in MG‐63CISR and U‐2OSCISR cells. Using a nude mouse xenograft model, we further confirmed that PTBP1 knock‐down enhanced chemoresistant osteosarcoma responsiveness to cisplatin treatment in vivo. Collectively, the present study suggests that PTBP1 is a crucial determinant of chemoresistance in osteosarcoma.
Construction project scheduling under workspace interference
Authors: Tao Sha , Wu Changzhi , Hu Shaolong , Xu Feng
Published: March 2020

Workspace interference in construction sites usually leads to work inefficiency, rework, and risk to the workforce. In this paper, we present a study on controlling and mitigating workspace interference in construction project scheduling. In particular, we consider two types of workspace interference: unacceptable workspace interference (USI) and acceptable workspace interference (ASI). During the scheduling process, if two activities cause USI, they must be scheduled for non‐overlapping execution periods. If the two activities that cause ASI are executed concurrently, it will lead to decrease in productivity. We first establish a mathematical model for construction project scheduling subject to these two types of workspace interference. This established model is a mixed‐integer, multiobjective optimization problem. Then, a two‐stage metaheuristic algorithm is developed to solve the problem. Two construction scenarios are selected to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. By comparing with traditional forward scheduling method, the two‐stage metaheuristic algorithm can achieve solutions with, on average, shorter project makespan, less total cost as well as milder resource usage variation in execution.
Thirty‐Five Years of Research on Turning Points: Insights Gained and Gaps to be Filled
Authors: Druckman Daniel
Published: March 2020

In this article, I review three decades of research conducted on turning points (TPs) in negotiation. The article begins with a historical overview that describes how the concept was discovered. The sections to follow highlight key ideas and findings. These include how negotiators monitor the process and adjust their moves, the relationship between crises and TPs, and the development and application of a three‐part framework. These findings are the basis for developing a theory (or theories) of TPs. Building on the approach taken in my earlier Negotiation Journal special issue article, I use the perspective of levels of analysis (individual, interactive, collective) to provide a route for theory development. The levels idea is used as well to organize the research needed to fill gaps in our understanding. I conclude by suggesting two paths for theory development: separate theories at each of the three levels or an integrated theory based on an interplay among the levels.
Beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Watanabe Mikiko , Tozzi Rossella , Risi Renata , Tuccinardi Dario , Mariani Stefania , Basciani Sabrina , Spera Giovanni , Lubrano Carla , Gnessi Lucio
Published: March 2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease, characterized by hepatic fat accumulation and possible development of inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. The ketogenic diet (KD), with its drastic carbohydrate reduction, is a now popular weight loss intervention, despite safety concerns on a possible association with fatty liver. However, KDs were also reported to be beneficial on hepatic pathology, with ketone bodies recently proposed as effective modulators of inflammation and fibrosis. If the beneficial impact of weight loss on NAFLD is established, less is known on the effect of macronutrient distribution on such outcome. In a hypocaloric regimen, the latter seems not to be crucial, whereas at higher calorie intake, macronutrient ratio and, theoretically, ketosis, may become important. KDs could positively impact NAFLD for their very low carbohydrate content, and whether ketosis plays an additional role is unknown. Indeed, several mechanisms may directly link ketosis and NAFLD improvement, and elucidating these aspects would pave the way for new therapeutic strategies. We herein aimed at providing an accurate revision of current literature on KDs and NAFLD, focusing on clinical evidence, metabolic pathways involved, and strict categorization of dietary interventions.
Stem phototropism toward blue and ultraviolet light
Authors: Legris Martina , Boccaccini Alessandra
Published: March 2020

Positive phototropism is the process through which plants orient their organs toward a directional light source. While the blue light receptors phototropins (phot) play a major role in phototropism toward blue (B) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, recent research showed that the UVB light receptor UVR8 also triggers phototropism toward UVB. In addition, new details of the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of these receptors and interaction with other environmental signals have emerged in the past years. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about hypocotyledoneous and inflorescence stem growth reorientation toward B and UVB, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms.
Functional analysis of ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 reveals conserved light signaling mechanism in maize and Arabidopsis
Authors: Huai Junling , Jing Yanjun , Lin Rongcheng
Published: March 2020

Plants have evolved light signaling mechanisms to optimally adapt developmental patterns to the ambient light environments. CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) and LONG HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) are two critical components in the light signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. COP1 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets positive regulators, such as HY5, leading to their degradation in darkness. However, functional analysis of the COP1‐HY5 module in maize (Zea mays) has not been reported. Here, we investigated the expression patterns and roles of the COP1 and HY5 orthologs, ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5, in regulating photomorphogenesis. These two genes have high amino acid identities with their Arabidopsis homolog and were both regulated by light. Subcellular localization assay showed that ZmCOP1 was distributed in the cytosol and ZmHY5 localized in the nucleus. Exogenous expression of ZmCOP1 rescued the physiological defects of the cop1‐4 mutant, and expression of ZmHY5 complemented the long hypocotyl phenotype of the hy5‐215 mutant in Arabidopsis. Yeast two‐hybrid and fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays showed that ZmCOP1 interacted with ZmHY5. Our study gains insight into the conserved function and regulatory mechanism of the COP1‐HY5 signaling pathway in maize and Arabidopsis.
Relative cubulations and groups with a 2-sphere boundary
Authors: Einstein Eduard , Groves Daniel
Published: March 2020

We introduce a new kind of action of a relatively hyperbolic group on a$\text{CAT}(0)$cube complex, called a relatively geometric action. We provide an application to characterize finite-volume Kleinian groups in terms of actions on cube complexes, analogous to the results of Markovic and Haïssinsky in the closed case.
Salt Enhances the Thermostability of Enteroviruses by Stabilizing Capsid Protein Interfaces
Authors: Meister Simon , Prunotto Alessio , Dal Peraro Matteo , Kohn Tamar
Published: March 2020

The genus
Enterovirus
encompasses important contaminants of water and food (e.g., coxsackieviruses), as well as viruses of acute public health concern (e.g., poliovirus). Depending on the properties of the surrounding matrix, enteroviruses exhibit different sensitivities to heat, which in turn influences their persistence in the environment, during food treatment, and during vaccine storage. Here, we determined the effect of NaCl and pH on the heat stability of different enteroviruses and related the observed effects to changes in protein interaction forces in the viral capsid. We demonstrate that NaCl renders enteroviruses thermotolerant and that this effect stems from an increase in van der Waals forces at different protein subunits in the viral capsid. This work sheds light on the mechanism by which salt enhances virus stability.
Lipid Anchoring of Archaeosortase Substrates and Midcell Growth in Haloarchaea
Authors: Abdul-Halim Mohd Farid , Schulze Stefan , DiLucido Anthony , Pfeiffer Friedhelm , Bisson Filho Alexandre Wilson , Pohlschroder Mechthild
Published: March 2020

The subcellular organization of biochemical processes in space and time is still one of the most mysterious topics in archaeal cell biology. Despite the fact that haloarchaea largely rely on covalent lipid anchoring to coat the cell envelope, little is known about how cells coordinate
de novo
synthesis and about the insertion of this proteinaceous layer throughout the cell cycle. Here, we report the identification of two novel contributors to ArtA-dependent lipid-mediated protein anchoring to the cell surface, HvPssA and HvPssD. ArtA, HvPssA, and HvPssD, as well as SLG, showed midcell localization during growth and cytokinesis, indicating that haloarchaeal cells confine phospholipid processing in order to promote midcell elongation. Our findings have important implications for the biogenesis of the cell surface.
Tailoring a Global Iron Regulon to a Uropathogen
Authors: Banerjee Rajdeep , Weisenhorn Erin , Schwartz Kevin J. , Myers Kevin S. , Glasner Jeremy D. , Perna Nicole T. , Coon Joshua J. , Welch Rodney A. , Kiley Patricia J.
Published: March 2020

Host iron restriction is a common mechanism for limiting the growth of pathogens. We compared the regulatory network controlled by Fur in uropathogenic
E. coli
(UPEC) to that of nonpathogenic
E. coli
K-12 to uncover strategies that pathogenic bacteria use to overcome iron limitation. Although iron homeostasis functions were regulated by Fur in the uropathogen as expected, a surprising finding was the activation of the stringent and general stress responses in the uropathogen
fur
mutant, which was rescued by amino acid addition. This coordinated global response could be important in controlling growth and survival under nutrient-limiting conditions and during transitions from the nutrient-rich environment of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract to the more restrictive environment of the urinary tract. The coupling of the response of iron limitation to increased demand for amino acids could be a critical attribute that sets UPEC apart from other
E. coli
pathotypes.
Localized Hypermutation is the Major Driver of Meningococcal Genetic Variability during Persistent Asymptomatic Carriage
Authors: Green Luke R. , Al-Rubaiawi Ali A. , Al-Maeni Mohammad A. R. M. , Harrison Odile B. , Blades Matthew , Oldfield Neil J. , Turner David P. J. , Maiden Martin C. J. , Bayliss Christopher D.
Published: March 2020

Many bacterial pathogens coexist with host organisms, rarely causing disease while adapting to host responses.
Neisseria meningitidis
, a major cause of meningitis and septicemia, is a frequent persistent colonizer of asymptomatic teenagers/young adults. To assess how genetic variation contributes to host persistence, whole-genome sequencing and hypermutable sequence analyses were performed on multiple isolates obtained from students naturally colonized with meningococci. High frequencies of gene transfer were observed, occurring in 16% of carriers and affecting 51% of all nonhypermutable variable genes. Comparative analyses showed that hypermutable sequences were the major mechanism of variation, causing 2-fold more changes in gene function than other mechanisms. Genetic variation was focused on genes affecting the outer membrane, with directional changes in proteins responsible for bacterial adhesion to host surfaces. This comprehensive examination of genetic plasticity in individual hosts provides a significant new platform for rationale design of approaches to prevent the spread of this pathogen.
Natural Transmission of Helicobacter saguini Causes Multigenerational Inflammatory Bowel Disease in C57/129 IL-10
−/−
Mice
Authors: Mannion Anthony , Shen Zeli , Feng Yan , Puglisi Dylan , Muthupalani Sureshkumar , Whary Mark T. , Fox James G.
Published: March 2020

While family history is a significant risk factor for developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), it is unclear whether the microbiome from parents is a transmissible influence on disease in their offspring. Furthermore, it is unknown whether IBD-associated microbes undergo genomic adaptations during multigenerational transmission and chronic colonization in their hosts. Herein, we show that a single bacterial species,
Helicobacter saguini
, isolated from a nonhuman primate species with familial IBD, is transmissible from parent to offspring in germfree IL-10
−/−
mice and causes multigenerational IBD. Additionally, whole-genome sequence analysis of
H. saguini
isolated from different mouse generations identified microevolutions in environmental interaction, nutrient metabolism, and virulence factor genes that suggest that multigenerational transmission may promote adaptations related to colonization and survival in new hosts and chronic inflammatory environments. The findings from our study highlight the importance of specific bacterial species with pathogenic potential, like
H. saguini
, as transmissible microorganisms in the etiopathogenesis of IBD.
A Front Line on Klebsiella pneumoniae Capsular Polysaccharide Knowledge: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy as an Accurate and Fast Typing Tool
Authors: Rodrigues Carla , Sousa Clara , Lopes João A. , Novais Ângela , Peixe Luísa
Published: March 2020

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is nowadays recognized as one of the most defiant human pathogens, whose infections are increasingly more challenging to treat and control. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has been key for clarifying the population structure of
K. pneumoniae
, and it is still instrumental to provide insights into potential pathogenicity and evolutionary markers, such as the capsular locus. However, this information and WGS are still far from being accessible and translated into routine clinical microbiology laboratories as quick and cost-efficient strain diagnostic tools. Here, we propose a biochemical fingerprinting approach based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and multivariate data analysis tools for
K. pneumoniae
capsular typing that, because of its high resolution, speed, and low cost, can be an asset to provide enough information to support real-time epidemiology and infection control decisions. Besides, it provides a simple framework for phenotypic/biochemical validation of
K. pneumoniae
capsular diversity.