bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amide Proton Transfer‐Weighted MRI, Associations with Clinical Severity and Prognosis in Ischemic Strokes
Authors: Zhou Le , Pan Wanqian , Huang Renjun , Wang Tianye , Wei Zifan , Wang Hui , Zhang Yi , Li Yonggang
Published: March 2024

Background

The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores have important shortcomings. Amide proton transfer‐weighted (APTw) imaging might offer more valuable information in ischemic strokes assessment.

Purpose

To utilize APTw, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and computed tomography perfusion (CTP) for the assessment of clinical symptom severity and 90‐day prognosis in patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

61 patients (mean age 63.2 ± 9.7 years; 46 males, 15 females) with ischemic strokes were included in the study.

Field Strength/Sequence

3T/turbo spin echo (TSE) T1‐weighted imaging, T2‐weighted imaging, T2‐fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T2‐FLAIR), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and single‐shot TSE APTw imaging.

Assessment

APTw, ADC, and CTP were used to compare patient subgroups and construct a prognostic nomogram model.

Statistical Tests

Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, chi‐square test, Pearson correlation analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, decision curve analysis (DCA), receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs). The significance threshold was set at P < 0.05.

Results

Correlation analysis revealed that APTw and NIHSS exhibit the highest correlation (r = −0.634, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.418 to −0.782), surpassing that of ADC and lesion size. Multivariable analysis revealed APTw (odds ratio [OR] 0.905, 95% CI 0.845–0.970), ADC (OR 0.745, 95% CI 0.609–0.911), and infarct core‐cerebral blood volume (IC‐CBV) (OR 0.547, 95% CI 0.310–0.964) as potential risk factors associated with a poor prognosis. The nomogram model demonstrated the highest predictive efficacy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.960 (95% CI 0.911–0.988), exceeding that of APTw, ADC, and IC‐CBV individually.

Data Conclusion

The APTw technique holds potential value in categorizing and managing patients with ischemic stroke, offering guidance for the implementation of clinical treatment strategies.

Level of Evidence

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Feasibility of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in temporary permanent pacemaker implants in pediatric myocarditis and complete atrioventricular block
Authors: Kakarla Saikiran , Abhilash Sreevilasam P. , Valakkada Jineesh , Namboodiri Narayanan
Published: March 2024

Background

Diagnosing myocarditis in children presenting with complete AV block (CAVB) is challenging. Temporary permanent pacing support using standard transvenous active fixation lead can be inserted percutaneously until recovery. However, access to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging may be limited due to safety concerns.

Cases

We report three cases where CMR was performed using temporary permanent pacemaker in situ. We evaluated the effect of device artefacts on image quality and examined any instances of device malfunction.

Conclusion

In children with CAVB and myocarditis, a temporary permanent pacemaker can provide reliable pacing until recovery, and CMR can be safely performed with the implanted pacemaker without compromising image quality.
Parental perspectives on pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: Unraveling concerns, and study participation willingness
Authors: Eindor‐Abarbanel Adi , Pinchevski Noa , Shalem Tzippora , Agajany Netanel , Ophir Nimrod , Weiss Batya , Broide Efrat , Richter Vered
Published: March 2024

Objectives

The impact of disease burden extends beyond pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients to include their parents. Previous studies, predating the biologic era, have highlighted parental concerns about potential side effects associated with IBD medications. However, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding parents' perceptions of clinical studies involving pediatric IBD patients. This study aims to explore the specific concerns troubling parents of children with IBD, identifying factors influencing these concerns, and assesses parental willingness to allow their child's participation in clinical studies.

Methods

Utilizing social media, we disseminated an anonymous questionnaire to parents of pediatric IBD patients. The questionnaire encompassed queries about parental willingness for their child to partake in clinical studies, aspects of the disease deemed bothersome, and the sense of coherence scale (SOC).

Results

Responses were obtained from 101 parents, with a mean age of 46.4, of whom 82.2% were female. Concerns about potential future side effects of their child's medications surpassed worries about disease symptoms (80.04% vs. 73.47%). Linear regression analysis revealed that parents with lower SOC scores, limited medical care accessibility, and a higher age of the child at diagnosis, exhibited heightened concerns about the future impact of the disease on their child (p = 0.016, 0.003, and 0.045, respectively). While a majority rejected participation in studies involving new medications (54.5%), there was greater agreement for studies on nutritional therapies (84.2%) and complementary medicine (91.1%). Classification tree analysis indicated that women were more inclined to permit their child's participation in studies focusing on complementary medicine (adjusted p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Parents of IBD patients express greater apprehension about potential side effects from IBD medications and display reluctance toward their child participating in clinical studies related to medications.
Personalized alignment techniques better restore the native trochlear groove compared to systematic alignment techniques in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Orsi Alexander D. , Shatrov Jobe , Plaskos Christopher , Kreuzer Stefan
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The relationship between constitutional coronal alignment and implant positioning on trochlear groove restoration in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether the choice of alignment philosophy significantly affects the restoration of the trochlea groove.

Methods

Sixty‐one imageless robotic TKAs performed by a single orthopaedic surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. In each case, the entire native trochlea was digitized to generate the native femoral anatomy, and implants were planned according to a functional alignment (FA) technique. Final implant position was recorded using the validated bone resection planes from the navigation system. Simulated femoral component positions were generated according to previously described alignment techniques: mechanical alignment (MA), gap balancing (GB), kinematic alignment (KA), restricted kinematic alignment (rKA) and restricted inverse kinematic alignment (riKA). Trochlear angle (TA), trochlear under/overstuffing and mediolateral sulcus offset were compared between the six simulated alignment techniques, as well as the final implanted technique. Further analyses investigated the effect of preoperative coronal alignment on trochlear position. Comparisons were assessed with an analysis of variance and Welch's t‐tests or Wilcoxon's rank‐sum tests with Bonferroni corrections.

Results

The implanted and simulated techniques all resulted in greater TA valgus compared to the native groove (p < 0.001). The implanted technique, KA and rKA were closer to the native TA than GB, MA and riKA (p > 0.001). All alignment philosophies understuffed the native trochlea groove. KA and rKA understuffed less than all other techniques (p < 0.001), and GB understuffed more than all other techniques (p < 0.001). In extension, all techniques shifted the trochlear sulcus laterally, while in flexion, they medialized it. These effects were most prominent in GB and MA.

Conclusion

Personalized alignment techniques such as KA and rKA, which consider variations in individual anatomy, best restore the native patellar groove compared to systematic alignment techniques when using a standardized femoral component.

Level of Evidence

Level III, retrospective review.
ELOVL6 promotes the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via activating WNT/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Wang Ruoya , Liu Xianzhi , Li Xiyao , Qian Ming , Yang Xi , Jiang Qichuan , Wang Yijie , Liu Hao , Chen Jianguo , Wang Xuefeng , Gong Liang
Published: March 2024

This study was to explore the role of ELOVL6 in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Considering its previously identified oncogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma. ELOVL6 gene expression, clinicopathological analysis, enrichment analysis, and immune infiltration analysis were based on the data from Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas, with additional bioinformatics analyses performed. Human HNSCC tissue microarray and cell lines were used. The expression of ELOVL6 in HNSCC was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry assay, and western blot analysis. The proliferation ability of HNSCC cells, invasion, and apoptosis were evaluated using cell counting kit‐8 method, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Based on the data derived from the cancer databases and our HNSCC cell and tissue studies, we found that ELOVL6 was overexpressed in HNSCC. Moreover, ELOVL6 expression level had a positive correlation with clinicopathology of HNSCC. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that ELOVL6 affected the occurrence of HNSCC through WNT signaling pathway. Functional experiments demonstrated that ELOVL6 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and invasion of HNSCC cells while promoting apoptosis. Additionally, compound 3f, an agonist of WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway, enhances the effect of ELOVL6 on the progression of HNSCC cells. ELOVL6 is upregulated in HNSCC and promotes the development of HNSCC cells by inducing WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway. ELOVL6 stands a potential target for the treatment of HNSCC and a prognosis indicator of human HNSCC.
Dynamical properties, chirped solutions, and chaotic behaviors of the extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Tang Jia‐Xuan
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we focus on an extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing the pulse propagation in a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with self‐steepening and magneto‐optic effects. The existence of periodic and solitary solutions are proved based on the bifurcation method, and also, the Hamiltonian properties and the classification of its equilibrium points are obtained. The chirped solutions of the extended nonlinear Schrödinger equations are obtained by using the complete discrimination system for polynomial method, and under specific parameter conditions, three types of optical wave patterns are obtained to visualize the model. In particular, we consider the external perturbation terms to analyze the chaotic behavior of this equation.
“IT's too much to do alone”: A mixed‐methods exploration of patient experiences implementing emergency department management plans for chronic pain
Authors: Brady Bernadette , Pang Sheng Min , Dennis Sarah , Chipchase Lucy , Liamputtong Pranee , Jennings Matthew , Tcharkhedian Elise , Andary Toni , Pavlovic Natalie , Zind Marguerite , Middleton Paul , Boland Robert
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To explore the experiences of socio‐culturally diverse community members attempting to manage their chronic pain and enact evidence‐based management plans following an index Emergency Department (ED) visit.

Methods

A convergent parallel mixed‐methods design with qualitative interviews and descriptive analysis was undertaken in two public hospitals in a multicultural region in Sydney, Australia. Consecutive adults were recruited from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD: n = 45) or Australian‐born (n = 45) backgrounds, who presented to the ED for a chronic neuromusculoskeletal pain condition. Consenting participants were prescribed an individualised chronic pain management plan following examination by a physiotherapist, who collected standardised measures of pain and health literacy. Six months later, participants underwent a structured phone survey regarding their pain status and whether they had actioned management plans. Participants were invited to participate in a semi‐structured interview.

Results

Six‐month data were available for 82 of 90 participants who attended the ED and consented to the baseline assessment (40 CALD and 42 Australian‐born). Participants were 52% females, predominately middle‐aged (mean age 54.7 years), with an overall mean symptom duration of 10 years (SD 9.0). At 6 months, there were nine representations by six CALD participants and 23 by nine Australian‐born participants. Overall, 52% reported unchanged pain, 24% were worse and 23% improved, with similar action plan progress for CALD (58%) and Australian‐born (53%) participants. Pain features and health literacy were similar, irrespective of progress with pain management plans. From 41 participants who consented to phone interviews, three themes emerged to explain their progress with recommendations: ‘illness model’, ‘urgency’ and ‘control orientation’.

Conclusions

Patients presenting to the ED with chronic pain might be more likely to action discharge recommendations if primary care providers identify patient‐specific and contextual barriers to implementation.
Stress field and interaction forces between dislocations and precipitate distributions
Authors: Takahashi A. , Kasuya T. , Ghoniem N. M.
Published: March 2024

A computational method is developed for calculation of the stress field and interaction forces between dislocations and precipitates of arbitrary shape and distribution. The internal stress generated by precipitates due to coherency strain is implemented within the discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD) framework. The s‐version finite element method (s‐FEM), which models a precipitate of arbitrary shape using a local mesh is used to calculate coherency stress fields. The method facilitates meshing precipitate volumes of arbitrary geometry, and multiple local meshes can be superimposed at various positions of the global mesh. Accuracy and convergence conditions of the method are established. For a single precipiate, the method is shown to be 3.5 times faster than a standard FEM calculation for the same accuracy, and the gain in speed increases with the number of precipitates. The CRSS of spherical precipitates is found to be higher than disk‐shaped precipitates of the same volume fraction.
Research hotspots and frontiers of alcohol and epilepsy: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Liu Wenhui , Li Huan , Lin Simei
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Alcohol is implicated in epileptogenesis and seizures attack. An increasing number of studies about alcohol and epilepsy have been published. We aimed to assess research trends and hot spots in the field of alcohol and epilepsy.

Patients and Methods

Literature concerning alcohol and epilepsy was systemically searched through the Web of Science database. Collaborative maps were quantitatively analyzed by using the VOSviewer and CiteSpace tools.

Results

A total of 1578 papers about the field of alcohol and epilepsy were taken into analysis, which was written by 6840 authors from 2153 institutions in 85 countries, published in 676 journals, and cited 79 667 references from 10 750 journals. The United States was the leading country and had close ties with others. The University of Toronto was the most productive institution. Alcoholism‐clinical and experimental research was the fastest‐growing journal. Richard J. Bodnar was the author contributing the most literature. Analysis of keywords showed epilepsy, alcohol, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, and management were common themes.

Conclusion

The presented study conducted the first bibliometric analysis of the field of alcohol and epilepsy, which will provide insights into the latest progress, evolution paths, frontier research hot spots, and future research trends in the field.
Comparison of Epworth Sleepiness Scale and OSA‐18 Scores With Polysomnography in Children
Authors: Bacon Beatrice R. , Hassinger Amanda B. , Varavenkataraman Gaayathri , Gould Erin , Sahlollbey Nick , Carr Michele M.
Published: March 2024

Objective

Our goal is to determine if there is a correlation between Modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale (M‐ESS) scores, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)‐18 scores, and polysomnography (PSG) outcomes in children.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Setting

Pediatric otolaryngology clinic.

Methods

Charts of consecutive children presenting from July 2021 to July 2023 were reviewed. Demographics, body mass index (BMI), BMI Z score, M‐ESS score, OSA‐18 score, PSG results, and sleep apnea severity were included. One‐way analysis of variance and Pearson/Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated.

Results

Three hundred sixty‐seven children were included, 162 (44.1%) girls and 205 (55.9%) boys. Mean patient age was 7.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.3‐8.3) years. M‐ESS score was 6.3 (n = 348, 95% CI: 5.8‐6.8), mean OSA‐18 score was 56.2 (n = 129, 95% CI: 53.0‐59.4). Mean apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) was 10.1 (95% CI: 8.7‐11.4) events/h, obstructive AHI 9.3 (95% CI: 8.0‐12.7) events/h, respiratory distress index 14.6 (95% CI: 8.4‐20.8) events/h, and oxygen saturation nadir 89.8% (95% CI: 89.1‐90.4). Sixty‐two children (17.2%) had mild, 192 (53.5%) moderate, and 105 (29.2%) severe sleep apnea. M‐ESS score correlated weakly to AHI (r = .19, P = <.001), and OSA‐18 score to oxygen saturation nadir (r = −.16, P = .002). After logistic regression adjusted for age and BMI, neither clinical scores were independently associated with AHI.

Conclusion

M‐ESS and OSA‐18 scores have a weak correlation with OSA severity in children. More reliable, age‐appropriate screening tools are needed in pediatric sleep apnea.
Evaluating dynamics in human‐bear interactions within social‐ecological system
Authors: Ji Yunrui , Wei Xuelei , Li Diqiang
Published: March 2024

Over the past few decades, social‐ecological transformations have contributed to the restoration of numerous carnivores, presenting new challenges for human‐wildlife coexistence. Evaluating and understanding human‐wildlife interaction dynamics, particularly for conflict‐prone species, is crucial for conservation and management strategies.

Our study focuses on Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Western Yunnan, China, a region with favourable bear conditions and significant environmental changes due to conservation policies. This study employed a multifaceted approach to gather data on bear occurrences and human‐bear conflicts. Utilising species distribution models, we predicted the potential bear habitat in 2000 and 2020. We proposed a methodology integrating bear habitat with human footprint to delineate the human‐bear interface. Additionally, we evaluated the spatial–temporal variations in bear habitat and human‐bear interface between 2000 and 2020. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted to capture the perceptions of local communities regarding the bear population, human‐bear interactions and conservation policies.

Our findings indicated that the potential habitats of bears were strongly influenced by forest cover. We noticed improvements in bear habitat from 2000 to 2020, notwithstanding localised losses in specific areas. Most respondents attributed the increasing bear population to forest restoration and reduced human impact during this period. Notably, a significant proportion of respondents supported the conservation policies, previously participating in their formulation and implementation. Our analysis further revealed increases in the human‐bear interface and human‐bear interactions from 2000 to 2020. Remarkably, these changes did not significantly diminish local communities' endorsement of conservation policies. This resilience can be attributed to the net positive impacts of conservation policies on the livelihoods of these communities.

Our study highlights the complexity and dynamic nature of human‐wildlife interactions within the social‐ecological system and provides new insights to facilitate sustainable conservation and management measures.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Relative Intensity Noise in a Two‐Section Distributed Bragg Reflector Tapered Laser
Authors: Adamiec Pawel , Tijero Jose Manuel Garcia , Esquivias Ignacio , Wenzel Hans , Sumpf Bernd
Published: March 2024

The relative intensity noise (RIN) in a two‐section distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) tapered laser emitting around 1060 nm is being studied experimentally. By analyzing the RIN spectra, a resonance frequency and damping is obtained. Herein, the dependence of the resonance frequency and the maximum RIN at the resonance frequency is studied as functions of the ridge waveguide (RW) and tapered section currents independently. The low frequency RIN is approximately −162 dB Hz−1, and the RIN peak at currents providing high output power is as low as −154 dB Hz−1. The observed nonlinearity of the squared resonance frequency with the RW section current is attributed to carrier saturation. The measured high values of the resonance frequency, exceeding 2.5 GHz for RW currents higher than 100 mA at a tapered current of 3 A, indicate gain lever enhancement.
A New Protocol for Obtaining Mucilage and Biopolymeric Ecofilms From Cacti
Authors: de Andrada Lucas Vinícius Pierre , do Nascimento Souza Jheizon Feitoza , de Sousa Lady Daiane Costa , Brito Andréa Monteiro Santana Silva , de Lima Silva Ivo Diego , Vinhas Glória Maria , da Silva Thieres George Freire , Ferreira Natanael Lucena , de Brito Fred Augusto Lourêdo , do Nascimento Simões Adriano
Published: March 2024

The objective was to produce an innovative biopolymeric ecofilm, using hydrotested and reused alcohol for mucilage extraction and incorporation of calcium lactate into the film. The mucilage of Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm‐Dyck was extracted with ethyl alcohol P.A. (99.8%) or reused alcohol after hydrodistillation (82%). Mucilage powder was hydrated (4% w/v), glycerol at a concentration of 60% and calcium lactate (0% and 2%) were added and the emulsion was then placed in the oven for 24 h to prepare the films. The innovation of this work was the recycling of the ethanol used to extract cactus mucilage in order to prepare ecofilms, which resulted in a more environmentally friendly production process. The industrial yield of mucilage extracted using distilled ethanol (1.3%) was lower than that of P.A. alcohol (3.3%). However, the mucilage extracted using distilled ethanol had a higher concentration of carbohydrates and phenolic compounds and lower levels of Na+ and K+, leading to reduced electrical conductivity. The biopolymeric ecofilm obtained was thinner (0.15 mm) and had lower solubility in water (43%) and moisture content (15%), greater transparency (12.65%) and higher tensile strength (12.91 MPa). The addition of calcium lactate in biopolymers decreased water solubility while increasing permeability and thickness. Furthermore, it enhanced the resistance and thermal stability of biopolymeric ecofilms. Thus, biopolymeric ecofilms of mucilage obtained showed potential for use in biofilms and edible coatings on fruits and vegetables, with a strong appeal for lower environmental impact and, consequently, being able to reduce manufacturing costs for the industry.
Failure analysis of floating offshore wind turbines based on a fuzzy failure mode and effect analysis model
Authors: Feng Qian‐Dong , Xia Jin‐Song , Wen Liangjun , Yazdi Mohammad
Published: March 2024

The surging global demand for renewable energy has fueled the expansion of offshore wind energy, leveraging superior wind profiles and technological advancements in offshore wind turbine technology. Despite this growth, the operational experience of floating offshore wind turbines still needs to be improved as an emerging technology. Addressing this knowledge gap, our study compiles a comprehensive database of failure events associated with these turbines. Employing a rigorous analytical approach through the Fuzzy Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) methodology, we conduct an in‐depth failure analysis of floating offshore wind turbines. This investigation allows us to identify the most critical failure modes and pinpoint components vulnerable to failures. The paper delves into the root causes of these significant failure modes, proposing preventive and corrective measures based on our findings. Our recommendations serve as a strategic guide for stakeholders, offering insights to enhance offshore wind turbines’ design, operation, and maintenance practices and the broader wind farm infrastructure. Despite this, further clarification on the application and highlights of the fuzzy FMEA model is warranted in the abstract, a point we address in the revised conclusion to enhance our study's overall clarity and completeness.
Pressure‐Induced Structural and Semiconductor‐Metal‐Superconductor Transitions in a High‐Entropy van der Waals Compound (MnFeCuCdIn)PSe3
Authors: Zhang Xiaoliang , Li Weiwei , Feng Jiajia , Song Meng , Wang Gui , Liu Junxiu , Wang Zifan , Jiang Sheng , Sheng Hongwei , Chen Bin , Zhang Hengzhong
Published: March 2024

The properties of the emerging phosphochalcogenide compounds can be tuned by temperature, pressure, and the chemical composition characterized by the compound entropy. However, it is unknown how the entropy of such a compound affects its structural stability and material properties when a state variable changes. In this work, a new layered high‐entropy phosphoselenide compound (MnFeCuCdIn)PSe3 (denoted MPSe3) is prepared and its structural evolution and property changes are studied at pressures up to ≈60 GPa. It is found that the compound undergoes two isostructural changes at ≈10 and 20 GPa, a structural change forming a high‐coordination phase in ≈32–35 GPa, a semiconductor‐to‐metal transition in ≈28–30 GPa at room temperature, and a metal‐to‐superconductor transition in ≈2.5–4.9 K at a pressure from ≈43 to 58 GPa. Combining data from prior studies, it is further found that for the MPSe3‐type medium/high‐entropy compounds, there exists a linear relationship between the structural transition pressure and the cation mixing entropy, and an inverse nearly linear relationship between the superconducting critical temperature and the cation mixing entropy, with the latter due primarily to the decrease in the Debye temperature. These findings will have great importance for developing new complex materials using the evolving entropy engineering.
Advocating green economy in India: The tug of war among income inequality, export diversification, and environmental quality
Authors: Onwe Joshua Chukwuma , Uche Emmanuel , Dhayal Karambir Singh , Uwazie Iyke Uwazie , Ashibogwu Kingsley Nze
Published: March 2024

Globally, most countries have shown strong commitments toward the attainment of sustainable development goals before 2023. Thus, this study focuses on analyzing such commitments toward the attainment of SDGs (7, 8, 10, and 13), respectively. The study evaluates the role played by income inequalities, export diversification, and economic growth in restoring a sustainable environment in India from 1970 to 2019. To achieve its objective, the study employed the novel Fourier autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method. Remarkably, the study utilizes the load capacity factor (LCF) as a unique indicator for environmental sustainability. The LCF, which takes into account both biocapacity and ecological footprint, is one of the most complete indicators of environmental quality to date. The study's findings revealed a long‐run relationship between the LCF and all the explanatory variables. According to the Fourier ARDL results, income inequality and renewable energy improve environmental quality. At the same time, economic growth and export diversification negatively impact the LCF in India both within the short and long‐run periods. Conclusion and policy prescriptions are included in the study.
Synthesis of Pyrazoline Derivatives and Their Pharmacological Activities: A Review of the Last Decade
Authors: Anita  , Chouhan Laxmi K. , Ameta Sunil , Sharma Vinita , Ranawat Pradhyuman S.
Published: March 2024

Pyrazolines are nitrogen–containing heterocyclic compounds that find widespread use as herbicides and are active pharmaceuticals in the agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Pyrazolines possess a five–membered ring with two nitrogen atoms and one endocyclic double bond. They are synthesized by conventional methods. However, Claisen–Schmidt condensation, a reaction of α, β‐unsaturated carbonyl (chalcones) compounds with hydrazine in the presence of acetic acid under refluxing conditions, is a popular conventional method. They have antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, antifungal, antipyretic, anticancer, antidepressant, and analgesic properties. The present study summarizes the chemistry of various chalcone–based pyrazolines and their pharmacological activities with the available data till 2023.
Synthesis of Magnesium hydroxide Whisker‐encapsulated Carbonized Chitosan and Basic Magnesium Carbonate Composite for Efficient Pb(II) Removal
Authors: Gong Lu , Zhu Chunmei , Yao Zhenying , Cui Chenyuan , Zhang Liting , Lian Xin , Qu Long , He Bai , Yuan Guoyuan , Yu Bo
Published: March 2024

In this study, for magnesium hydroxide adsorbents, hydrothermal doping strategies were used to change their surface and structural properties to enhance adsorption. A novel adsorbent was prepared and used to remove low concentrations (<100 mg ⋅ L−1) of Pb2+ from water. The structure of the adsorbent was characterized a series of characterization methods with X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption‐desorption isotherms, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the adsorbent was a whisker composed of magnesium hydroxide, carbonized chitosan and basic magnesium carbonate (BMC@Mg(OH)2/CCS) with a specific surface area of 84.35 m2 ⋅ g−1, much higher than that of pure magnesium hydroxide whisker (37.84 m2/g). The adsorption isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties of the adsorbent for lead ions were studied in detail by batch adsorption. The Langmuir model fits the adsorption isotherm better, and the adsorption capacity is 416.67 mg ⋅ g−1. The adsorption mechanism, which mainly involves chemical precipitation and ligand chelation, is discussed.
Green Synthesis of Pyrrole Derivatives Catalyzed by Molecular Sieves: DFT, ADMT, and Molecular Docking Investigations
Authors: Serdaroğlu Goncagül , Uludağ Nesimi , Üstün Elvan
Published: March 2024

A new synthetic methodology for the preparation by a different alternative method of five aryl pyrrole derivatives is produced from the corresponding ketoximes, giving diverse five‐membered N‐heterocycles in satisfactory yields. For the first time in literature, the synthetic catalyst molecular sieves were described. The simplicity and high response yield of this procedure are its standout qualities. Additionally, spectroscopic techniques (FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis) were used to confirm the structures of all synthesized compounds. FT‐IR and NMR computations with B3LYP/6‐311G** level by utilizing the G09 W package were performed to compare with observed data and evaluate the structural confirmation of novel pyrrole derivatives. Then, the lipophilic characterization and water solubility were computed to enlighten the physicochemical attitude. The ADMT properties were calculated to elucidate the possible bioavailability tendencies of the compounds and the adverse behaviour in terms of both medicinal and environmental. FMO analyses were also conducted to indicate/show the reactivity tendencies and possible regions. The molecular docking analyses of the optimized molecules were performed against Bovine Serum Albumin and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor. In conclusion, this study underscores the crucial role of green chemistry principles in developing novel synthetic methodologies, using environmentally benign catalysts like zeolite 3 Å.
A new perspective on the competent programmer hypothesis through the reproduction of real faults with repeated mutations
Authors: Ahmed Zaheed , Schwass Eike , Herbold Steffen , Trautsch Fabian , Grabowski Jens
Published: March 2024

The competent programmer hypothesis is one of the fundamental assumptions of mutation testing, which claims that most programmers are competent enough to create correct or almost correct source code. This implies that faults should usually manifest through small variations of the correct code. Consequently, researchers assumed that the synthetic faults injected in source code through the mutation operators closely resemble the real faults. Unfortunately, it is still unclear whether the competent programmer hypothesis holds, as past research presents contradictory claims. Within this article, we provide a new perspective on the competent programmer hypothesis and its relation to mutation testing. We try to re‐create real‐world faults through chains of mutations to understand if there is a direct link between mutation testing and faults. The lengths of these paths help us to understand if the source code is really almost correct, or if large variations are required. Our experiments used a state‐of‐the‐art benchmark database of real faults named Defects4J 2.0.0. It contains 835 reproducible real‐world faults in 17 open‐source projects that comprise a total of 1044 bug‐fix pairs of files. Our results indicate that while the competent programmer hypothesis seems to be true, mutation testing is missing important operators to generate representative real‐world faults.
Writing and Reading Connections: A before, during, and after Experience for Critical Thinkers
Authors: Deane Paul , Traga Philippakos Zoi A.
Published: March 2024

This article underscores the intimate connection between reading and writing as communication skills that share a common linguistic and orthographic foundation, and which combine in complex ways to support practical literacy tasks. Developing higher order literacy skills requires teachers to develop metacognitive skills and self‐regulation, both of which are fostered by writing‐for‐reading and reading‐for‐writing tasks. Writing for reading includes prereading tasks, such as analyzing form, topic, audience, and purpose; writing during reading includes tasks such as notetaking; and writing after reading includes tasks such as writing summaries. Reading for writing includes prewriting tasks, such as analysis of task requirements; reading during writing includes tasks such as correcting errors, monitoring for content quality, and searching source texts for needed information; and reading after writing includes tasks such as self‐evaluation and peer review. To illustrate these concepts in a pedagogical context, this article provides practical strategies for integrating reading and writing tasks in the classroom.
Maternal diabetes as a teratogenic factor in fetal congenital heart disease: more than hyperglycemia
Authors: Jiang F. , Li D.‐Z.
Published: March 2024

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on He et al. Click here to view the article.
Avian flu causes concerning falls in seabird numbers
Authors: Mills Georgina
Published: March 2024

Georgina Mills discusses a new report from the RSPB describing how seabird populations have been affected by avian influenza.
Enhanced recovery protocols after surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials in cardiac surgery
Authors: Spadaccio Cristiano , Salsano Antonio , Pisani Angelo , Nenna Antonio , Nappi Francesco , Osho Asishana , D’Alessandro David , Sundt Thoralf M. , Crestanello Juan , Engelman Daniel , Rose David
Published: March 2024

Background

Previous meta‐analyses combining randomized and observational evidence in cardiac surgery have shown positive impact of enhanced recovery protocols after surgery (ERAS) on postoperative outcomes. However, definitive data based on randomized studies are missing, and the entirety of the ERAS measures and pathway, as recently systematized in guidelines and consensus statements, have not been captured in the published studies. The available literature actually focuses on “ERAS‐like” protocols or only limited number of ERAS measures. This study aims at analyzing all randomized studies applying ERAS‐like protocols in cardiac surgery for perioperative outcomes.

Methods

A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ERAS‐like with standard protocols of perioperative care was performed (PROSPERO registration CRD42021283765). PRISMA guidelines were used for abstracting and assessing data.

Results

Thirteen single center RCTs (N = 1704, 850 in ERAS‐like protocol and 854 in the standard care group) were selected. The most common procedures were surgical revascularization (66.3%) and valvular surgery (24.9%). No difference was found in the incidence of inhospital mortality between the ERAS and standard treatment group (risk ratio [RR] 0.61 [0.31; 1.20], p = 0.15). ERAS was associated with reduced intensive care unit (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.57, p < 0.01) and hospital stay (SMD −0.23, p < 0.01) and reduced rates of overall complications when compared to the standard protocol (RR 0.60, p < 0.01) driven by the reduction in stroke (RR 0.29 [0.13; 0.62], p < 0.01). A significant heterogeneity in terms of the elements of the ERAS protocol included in the studies was observed.

Conclusions

ERAS‐like protocols have no impact on short‐term survival after cardiac surgery but allows for a faster hospital discharge while potentially reducing surgical complications. However, this study highlights a significant nonadherence and heterogeneity to the entirety of ERAS protocols warranting further RCTs in this field including a greater number of elements of the framework.
Land-Use Implications of Carbon Dioxide Removal: An Emerging Legal Issue?
Authors: Markus Till , Schaller Romina
Published: March 2024

Science has expressed concerns that carbon dioxide removal (CDR) as a means to fight climate change could potentially increase competition for land and contribute to soil degradation. This paper aims to map out the potential land-use and soil implications of CDR to identify possible lines of political and legal conflicts. To this end, we will briefly introduce the most promising removal approaches, highlight existing preliminary estimates about their removal potential, give some basic assumptions about their effects on competition over land and the environment, and discuss the demand for political and legal action (Sect. 5).
“Unnecessary Conversations”: Talking Sex in the Early Modern Polish Village
Authors: Wiślicz Tomasz
Published: March 2024

This chapter shows us how early modern Polish peasants used to discuss sex. Despite the rules of decorum, conversations about sex were still conducted in private, intimate settings. However, because sexual life was strictly regulated by law and some forms of intimate behaviour were prosecuted by the local judiciary, it was not uncommon for these private conversations to find their way into the interrogation protocols of people accused of transgressing moral norms. Those records are compared and contrasted with folk ditties on sexual themes, which were recorded contemporaneously by proto-folklorists. The chapter shows the potential of cross-referencing different sources to gain access to early modern peasant conversations, especially when it comes to themes deemed to be intimate or taboo.
“Alone Amongst Ourselves”: How to Talk in Private According to the Cologne Diarist, Hermann von Weinsberg (1518–1597)
Authors: Péter Krisztina
Published: March 2024

This chapter examines the diarist Hermann von Weinsberg’s descriptions of everyday conversations, which are incredibly revealing of the notions of privacy within his social circles. Weinsberg recorded these conversations in his diary, a record meant to be kept secret from his contemporaries but at the same time intended to be read by his future family members. The chapter explores the creative textual approaches (writing about some conversations at a later time, trying to hide them entirely, subtle hints, referring to other texts, switching to Latin, etc.) that the diarist used while trying to balance between these two aims in his records. Péter’s contribution highlights different spaces in which private conversations could take place, and how people could negotiate what they understood to be the boundaries of privacy while communicating with people.
“We Take Care of Our Own”: Talking about ‘Disability’ in Early Modern Netherlandish Households
Authors: Kaminska Barbara A.
Published: March 2024

This chapter investigates how people in the Netherlands talked about disability, poverty, and charity in the privacy of their homes in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Around the middle of the sixteenth century, we observe a growth in the ownership of works of art depicting disability that were displayed in dining and reception rooms meant to stimulate conversations among family members and guests. The chapter argues that the more positive iconography of disability that we begin to see at the time was influenced by a direct, lived experience of disability. Kaminska’s contribution offers new insight into how art was able to bring the disability witnessed in the streets into one’s home, sparking private conversations about disabled people, bodies, accessibility, and responsibility within the confines of the domestic realm.
Liquid Biopsy bei hereditärer Tumorprädisposition
Authors: Hallermayr Ariane , Keßler Thomas , König Courtney , Steinke-Lange Verena , Holinski-Feder Elke
Published: March 2024

Patienten mit einem hereditären Tumorprädispositionssyndrom haben ein deutlich erhöhtes Tumorrisiko und erkranken oft schon im jungen Erwachsenenalter. Sie benötigen daher eine intensivierte Überwachung, um Tumoren bereits in einem frühen Stadium detektieren und behandeln zu können. Entsprechend werden bei Patienten mit einem Lynch-Syndrom, der häufigsten erblichen Darmkrebsprädisposition, regelmäßige Koloskopien zur Vorsorge empfohlen. Eine Liquid Biopsy ermöglicht die nicht- bzw. minimal-invasive Untersuchung von zirkulierenden Tumormarkern. Insbesondere die Analyse von zirkulierender Tumor-DNA (ctDNA) wird schon jetzt zur Therapiesteuerung von Tumorpatienten eingesetzt und ermöglicht darüber hinaus den Nachweis einer minimale Resterkrankung oder eines Rezidivs. Fortschritte im Bereich des hochsensitiven, nicht zielgerichteten Nachweises von ctDNA sind vielversprechend für die Früherkennung bei Patienten mit einer hereditären Tumorprädisposition. Hinsichtlich des Nachweises von Tumorerkrankungen im Frühstadium müssen diese Analyseverfahren jedoch noch verbessert und ihre Spezifität und Sensitivität in klinischen Studien bewertet werden. Die Herausforderung ist die sensitive Erkennung von Vorstufen, wie z. B. fortgeschrittenen Adenomen, um maligne Tumorerkrankungen vorzubeugen oder diese möglichst frühzeitig behandeln zu können.
Metabolic effect of adrenaline infusion in people with type 1 diabetes and healthy individuals
Authors: She Rui , Suvitaival Tommi , Andersen Henrik U. , Hommel Eva , Nørgaard Kirsten , Wojtaszewski Jørgen F. P. , Legido-Quigley Cristina , Pedersen-Bjergaard Ulrik
Published: March 2024

Aims/hypothesis

As a result of early loss of the glucagon response, adrenaline is the primary counter-regulatory hormone in type 1 diabetes. Diminished adrenaline responses to hypoglycaemia due to counter-regulatory failure are common in type 1 diabetes, and are probably induced by exposure to recurrent hypoglycaemia, however, the metabolic effects of adrenaline have received less research attention, and also there is conflicting evidence regarding adrenaline sensitivity in type 1 diabetes. Thus, we aimed to investigate the metabolic response to adrenaline and explore whether it is modified by prior exposure to hypoglycaemia.

Methods

Eighteen participants with type 1 diabetes and nine healthy participants underwent a three-step ascending adrenaline infusion during a hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp. Continuous glucose monitoring data obtained during the week before the study day were used to assess the extent of hypoglycaemia exposure.

Results

While glucose responses during the clamp were similar between people with type 1 diabetes and healthy participants, plasma concentrations of NEFAs and glycerol only increased in the group with type 1 diabetes (p<0.001). Metabolomics revealed an increase in the most common NEFAs (p<0.01). Other metabolic responses were generally similar between participants with type 1 diabetes and healthy participants. Exposure to hypoglycaemia was negatively associated with the NEFA response; however, this was not statistically significant.

Conclusions/interpretation

In conclusion, individuals with type 1 diabetes respond with increased lipolysis to adrenaline compared with healthy participants by mobilising the abundant NEFAs in plasma, whereas other metabolic responses were similar. This may suggest that the metabolic sensitivity to adrenaline is altered in a pathway-specific manner in type 1 diabetes.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05095259

Graphical Abstract
“Fontan Conduit Stent-Angioplasty and Progression of Fontan-Associated Liver Disease”
Authors: Kavin Umakanthan , Shahrier Aniqa , Bandisode Varsha M. , Chowdhury Shahryar M. , Rhodes John F. , Gaydos Stephanie S.
Published: March 2024

Patients with Fontan circulation insidiously develop congestive hepatopathy related to chronically reduced cardiac output and central venous hypertension, also known as Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD). Fontan pathway obstruction is increasingly detected and may accelerate FALD. The impact of conduit stent angioplasty on FALD is unknown. Retrospective, single-center review of patients with Fontan circulation who underwent conduit stent angioplasty at cardiac catheterization over 5-year period. Demographics and cardiac histories were reviewed. Labs, liver ultrasound elastography, echocardiogram, hemodynamic and angiographic data at catheterization were recorded pre- and post-stent angioplasty. Primary outcome was change in hepatic function via MELD-XI scores and liver stiffness (kPa), with secondary outcomes of ventricular function, BNP, and repeat catheterization hemodynamics. 33 patients underwent Fontan conduit stent angioplasty, 19.3 ± 7.0 years from Fontan operation. Original conduit diameter was 19.1 ± 1.9 mm. Prior to angioplasty, conduit size was reduced to a cross-sectional area 132 (91, 173) mm2 and increased to 314 (255, 363) mm2 post-stent. Subjects’ baseline median MELD-XI of 11 (9, 12) increased to 12 (9, 13) at 19 ± 15.5 months post-angioplasty (n = 22, p = 0.053). There was no significant change in liver stiffness at 12.1 ± 8.9 months post-angioplasty (n = 15, p = 0.13). Median total bilirubin significantly increased (1.4 [0.9, 1.8]), from baseline 1.1 [0.7, 1.5], p = 0.04), as did median BNP (41 [0, 148] from baseline 34 [15, 79]; p = 0.02). There were no significant changes in ventricular function or repeat invasive hemodynamics (n = 8 subjects). Mid-term follow-up of Fontan subjects post-conduit stent angioplasty did not show improvements in non-invasive markers of FALD.