bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationships Among Performance Anxiety, Agari Experience, and Depressive Tendencies in Japanese Music Students
Authors: Bannai Kurara , Kase Takayoshi , Endo Shintaro , Oishi Kazou
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among anxiety prior to actual performance (music performance anxiety, MPA), mental and physical negative responses during performance (agari), and depressive tendencies in Japanese college students majoring in music. Participants
were 171 music majors (33 males, 138 females, 20.6±1.7 yrs). They rated the degree of self-perceived MPA before their performance on a scale ranging from 0–100%. The Features of Agari Experience Questionnaire was used to assess agari response levels during standard performances,
and the Japanese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) was used to measure depressive tendencies. Path analysis showed that MPA levels were positively related to agari scores, which were positively related to CES-D scores. Mediation analysis found a significant
indirect effect of MPA scores on CES-D scores via the agari scores. These results suggest that MPA first occurs before an actual music performance and evokes agari, which in turn may cause an increase in depressive tendencies.
Fundamentals of Embouchure in Brass Players: Towards a Definition and Clinical Assessment
Authors: Woldendorp Kees H , Boschma Hans , Boonstra Anne M , Arendzen Hans J , Reneman Michiel F
Published: December 2016

Brass players may experience problems producing an optimal sound (or range of sounds) in their instrument. Assessing and treating dysfunctional embouchure requires knowledge of functional embouchure, but peer-reviewed literature on dysfunctional and functional embouchure is scarce.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to provide a narrative overview of embouchure based on information from different scientific and clinical fields. This should be regarded as a first step in constructing a reliable, valid, and practical multi-item method to assess embouchure for brass players. METHODS:
Literature reviews were conducted concerning: 1) the definition of embouchure, 2) physics and acoustics of embouchure, 3) functioning of embouchure-related structures, and 4) instruments to assess embouchure. Also, embouchure experts (clinicians, scientists, and elite wind players) were consulted
for information and discussion. RESULTS: A proposal for a new definition of embouchure, an overview of the relevant physics and acoustics, functions of embouchure-related body structures, and the main methods to measure embouchure in brass playing are presented. CONCLUSION: Peer-reviewed information
about the fundamentals of dysfunctional embouchure is scarce and sometimes contradictory. A new definition for embouchure is proposed: embouchure is the process needed to adjust the amount, pressure, and direction of the air flow (generated by the breath support) as it travels through the
mouth cavity and between the lips, by the position and/or movements of the tongue, teeth, jaws, cheeks, and lips, to produce a tone in a wind instrument. An integrative overview is presented which can serve as a transparent foundation for the present understanding of functional and dysfunctional
embouchure and for developing an evidence-based multi-item assessment instrument.
From Stats to Stage—Translational Research in Performing Arts Medicine
Authors: Ackermann Bronwen J
Published: December 2016

Medical Problems of Performing Artists, since its inception under the legendary Alice Brandfonbrener’s guidance and vision, has always recognized the need for voices to be heard from the clinic, stage, and experimental research. This has been important in a relatively young field
like performing arts medicine, where there is not yet a robust base of evidence to draw from for the complex range of physical, psychological, and institutional challenges that can affect performer health. Evidence-based medicine has long been described as using the best available research
in conjunction with clinical expertise, while considering patient beliefs, characteristics, and circumstances.
Cultural Video Project Assignment (VPA) through the Eyes of Young ESL Learners: A Multi-Modal Vocabulary Learning Approach
Authors: Mohamad Ali Afiza , Jabar Norina
Published: December 2016

Learning vocabulary is vital to language proficiency and skills. However, for the ESL learner, vocabulary learning can be challenging due to poor memory and the distinct nature of vocabulary itself. Many studies have looked into vocabulary learning strategies and most have concurred that they should be fun, interactive and meaningful especially for the young ESL learners to recall and use. This paper investigates the effectiveness of video project assignments (VPA) on young learner’s vocabulary learning in an ESL reading class. The activity utilizes a combination of project-based learning and multimodal learning platforms like Web 2.0 (Google, YouTube and Padlet). A group of primary five students (N=30) from a public school in Malaysia are examined. The students were exposed to vocabulary items in reading passages on Malaysian culture and asked to discuss them on Padlet. A group video project assignment was also developed and uploaded on Youtube. In this paper, we discuss the quantitative and qualitative findings that show the effectiveness of using multi-modal learning platforms and developing simple, pocket-sized VPAs in enhancing young ESL learners’ vocabulary learning.
An Investigation into the Educational Philosophy and Spirituality of Iranian EFL Teachers
Authors: Suleimani Elaheh , Sahragard Rahman
Published: December 2016

Although philosophy and spirituality are related to various branches of disciplines, they have not been subject to focused attention in foreign language teaching. In this paper, schools of educational philosophy, and spirituality in education were connected together to present the stance, viewpoint, and practice of these two constructs in English as foreign language (EFL) Iranian educators. Results indicated that the dominant philosophy of education of Iranian EFL teachers was progressive education. Furthermore, combination of progressive and humanistic philosophies and humanistic philosophy were to some extent established a balance with progressivism. None of the participants practice spirituality in classrooms. By illuminating the spiritual language of humanistic and progressive philosophies, we may conclude that the nature and spiritual discourse of each philosophy as well as their practical implications should be articulated in teacher education programs to fulfill the everlasting growth of an individual as an utmost purpose of education.
A Política Migratória Brasileira em Perspectiva Comparada: Uma Análise a partir e sobre o Índice de Concessão de Cidadania
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo Matos , Medeiros Marcelo De Almeida , Santos Leonardo Gill , Teixeira Mariana Cockles
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma extensão do estudo apresentado por J. Fitzgerald, D. Leblang e J. Teets no artigo “Defying the Law of Gravity: The Political Economy of International Migration” na revista World Politics em 2014. Os autores analisam a relação entre o fluxo migratório internacional e as condições políticas internas nos países de destino. Para isso, eles elaboraram um índice que avalia o rigor no procedimento de concessão de cidadania em centros receptores e utilizaram esta medida como referência para a abertura política do país em relação aos imigrantes. Entretanto, o Brasil não foi acrescentado na lista de países que foram codificados no índice como ponto de destino. Iremos, portanto, suprir esta lacuna, a fim de comparar a política brasileira de concessão de nacionalidade para estrangeiros com outros países que também recebem um grande fluxo de pessoas. A partir dos resultados foi possível questionar a validade da medida, visto que o Brasil apresenta um perfil de abertura política de acordo com os critérios elencados pelo índice, apesar da legislação brasileira ter um caráter autoritário e conter sérias restrições à liberdade dos imigrantes.
The influence of the microbial quality of wastewater, lettuce cultivars and enumeration technique when estimating the microbial contamination of wastewater-irrigated lettuce
Authors: Makkaew P. , Miller M. , Cromar N. J. , Fallowfield H. J.
Published: December 2016

This study investigated the volume of wastewater retained on the surface of three different varieties of lettuce, Iceberg, Cos, and Oak leaf, following submersion in wastewater of different microbial qualities (10, 102, 103, and 104E. coli MPN/100 mL) as a surrogate method for estimation of contamination of spray-irrigated lettuce. Uniquely, Escherichiacoli was enumerated, after submersion, on both the outer and inner leaves and in a composite sample of lettuce. E. coli were enumerated using two techniques. Firstly, from samples of leaves – the direct method. Secondly, using an indirect method, where the E. coli concentrations were estimated from the volume of wastewater retained by the lettuce and the E. coli concentration of the wastewater. The results showed that different varieties of lettuce retained significantly different volumes of wastewater (p < 0.01). No statistical differences (p > 0.01) were detected between E. coli counts obtained from different parts of lettuce, nor between the direct and indirect enumeration methods. Statistically significant linear relationships were derived relating the E. coli concentration of the wastewater in which the lettuces were submerged to the subsequent E. coli count on each variety the lettuce.
Assessment of groundwater quality and health risk in drinking water basin using GIS
Authors: Şener Şehnaz , Şener Erhan , Davraz Ayşen
Published: December 2016

Eğirdir Lake basin was selected as the study area because the lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Turkey and groundwater in the basin is used as drinking water. In the present study, 29 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters to determine the hydrochemical characteristics, groundwater quality, and human health risk in the study area. The dominant ions are Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO32−, and SO42. According to Gibbs plot, the predominant samples fall in the rock–water interaction field. A groundwater quality index (WQI) reveals that the majority of the samples falls under good to excellent category of water, suggesting that the groundwater is suitable for drinking and other domestic uses. The Ca-Mg-HCO3, Ca-HCO3, Ca-SO4-HCO3, and Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4 water types are the dominant water types depending on the water–rock interaction in the investigation area. Risk of metals to human health was then evaluated using hazard quotients (HQ) by ingestion and dermal pathways for adults and children. It was indicated that As with HQ ingestion >1 was the most important pollutant leading to non-carcinogenic concerns. It can be concluded that the highest contributors to chronic risks were As and Cr for both adults and children.
The EU Floods Directive trickling down: tracing the ideas of integrated and participatory flood risk management in Sweden
Authors: Hedelin Beatrice
Published: December 2016

This study examines how the EU Floods Directive – an extensive and innovative legislative instrument for integrated and participatory flood risk planning in all EU member states – influences local flood risk management in one member state, Sweden. The study identifies that: many municipalities have received new knowledge; cross-sectoral organisational structures for water and flood risk issues at the local level are being formed or strengthened; and the flood risk issue has been elevated up the political agenda. There are also however clear signs that a number of other fundamental issues are not being adequately addressed in the complex institutional setting that results from the directive's implementation. These issues are undoubtedly obstructing the development of a more integrated and participatory flood risk management system. Of key importance here are questions relating to how roles and mandates are communicated and adopted, the lack of coordination between the Floods Directive and the Water Framework Directive, and the inadequate involvement of the municipal level and other stakeholders. Practical recommendations on how to redirect development towards more positive outcomes in these areas are thus formulated.
An integrated UMAS for POME treatment
Authors: Abdurahman N. H. , Azhari N. H.
Published: December 2016

The direct discharge of palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater causes serious environmental hazards due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand. This paper proposes a new approach for integrated technology of ultrasonic membrane for a POME treatment. The paper evaluated the economic viability based on the changes of the new design of ultrasonic membrane anaerobic system (UMAS) when a POME introduces this approach. Six steady states were attained as a part of a kinetic study that considered concentration ranges of 13,800–22,600 mg/L for mixed liquor suspended solids and 10,400–17,350 mg/L for mixed liquor volatile suspended solids. Kinetic equations from Monod, Contois and Chen and Hashimoto were employed to describe the kinetics of POME treatment at organic loading rates ranging from 1 to 15 kg COD/m3/d. throughout the experiment, the removal efficiency of COD was from 92.8 to 98.3% with hydraulic retention time from 500.8 to 8.6 days. The growth yield coefficient, Y, was found to be 0.73 gVSS/g COD, the specific microorganism decay rate was 0.28 day–1 and the methane gas yield production rate was between 0.27 and 0.62 L/g COD/d.
The ManureEcoMine pilot installation: advanced integration of technologies for the management of organics and nutrients in livestock waste
Authors: Pintucci Cristina , Carballa Marta , Varga Sam , Sarli Jimena , Peng Lai , Bousek Johannes , Pedizzi Chiara , Ruscalleda Maël , Tarragó Elena , Prat Delphine , Colica Giovanni , Picavet Merijn , Colsen Joop , Benito Oscar , Balaguer Marilos , Puig Sebastià , Lema Juan M. , Colprim Jesús , Fuchs Werner , Vlaeminck Siegfried E.
Published: December 2016

Manure represents an exquisite mining opportunity for nutrient recovery (nitrogen and phosphorus), and for their reuse as renewable fertilisers. The ManureEcoMine proposes an integrated approach of technologies, operated in a pilot-scale installation treating swine manure (83.7%) and Ecofrit® (16.3%), a mix of vegetable residues. Thermophilic anaerobic digestion was performed for 150 days, the final organic loading rate was 4.6 kgCOD m−3 d−1, with a biogas production rate of 1.4 Nm3 m−3 d−1. The digester was coupled to an ammonia side-stream stripping column and a scrubbing unit for free ammonia inhibition reduction in the digester, and nitrogen recovery as ammonium sulphate. The stripped digestate was recirculated daily in the digester for 15 days (68% of the digester volume), increasing the gas production rate by 27%. Following a decanter centrifuge, the digestate liquid fraction was treated with an ultrafiltration membrane. The filtrate was fed into a struvite reactor, with a phosphorus recovery efficiency of 83% (as orthophosphate). Acidification of digestate could increment the soluble orthophosphate concentration up to four times, enhancing phosphorus enrichment in the liquid fraction and its recovery via struvite. A synergistic combination of manure processing steps was demonstrated to be technologically feasible to upgrade livestock waste into refined, concentrated fertilisers.
Nitrogen removal and power generation from treated municipal wastewater by its circulated irrigation for resource-saving rice cultivation
Authors: Watanabe Toru , Mashiko Takuma , Maftukhah Rizki , Kaku Nobuo , Pham Dong Duy , Ito Hiroaki
Published: December 2016

This study aims at improving the performance of the cultivating system of rice for animal feed with circulated irrigation of treated municipal wastewater by applying a larger amount of wastewater, as well as adding a microbial fuel cell (MFC) to the system. The results of bench-scale experiments indicate that this modification has increased the rice yield, achieving the target for the rice cultivar used in the experiment. In addition, an assessment of protein content of the harvested rice showed that the value of the rice as animal fodder has improved. Compared with normal one-way irrigation, circulated irrigation significantly enhanced the plant growth and rice production. The direction of the irrigation (bottom-to-top or top-to-bottom) in the soil layer had no significant effect. This modified system demonstrated >96% for nitrogen removal from the treated wastewater used for the irrigation, with approximately 40% of the nitrogen being used for rice plant growth. The MFC installed in the system facilitated power generation comparable with that reported for normal paddy fields. The power generation appeared to be enhanced by bottom-to-top irrigation, which could provide organic-rich treated wastewater directly to the bacterial community living on the anode of the MFC set in the soil layer.
Estimating models of Extreme Behavior: A Monte Carlo Comparison between SWAT and Quantise Regression
Authors: Wu Jiannan , Bretschneider Stuart , Marc-Aurele Frederick
Published: December 2016

We are interested in theoretical explanations of extreme behavior in social and management science situations. For example, in studying organizational performance we theorize that organizations achieve high levels of performance by employing innovative or unique behavioral characteristics. Methodologially, several approaches have emerged to facilitate investigation of how extreme cases differ from the typical. This paper focuses on two quantitative approaches that provide. tools for modeling extreme hehavior: substantively weighied analytical techniques (SWAT) and quantile regression. We evaluate both for their anility to accurately estimate models of extreme behavior when that behavior significantly differs from the average case. Since we attempt to evaluate statistical approaches in situations where standard axiomatic approaches fall short. our strategy is to use simulation techniques where the underlying data-generating structure is known and desisted to have different underlying mathematical relationships between the middle and the two extremes. We also apply a Monte Carlo approach of repeated simulating to investigate the sampling characteristics of these approaches. Finally, we apply standard measures for evaluation of statistical estimators, mean square error, to examine both the bias and the relative efficiency of each approach. The experimental results demonstrate that quantile regression provides a more accurate and reliable estimation of extreme phenomena.
Understanding the Difficulties of Building Intersubjectivity among Members of an Organization
Authors: Hom Doona
Published: December 2016

The power of an organization comes from its members and it is the commitment of developing an intersubjective experience with other members that makes the administration functional. To translate the intersubjectivity concept to an organization's life, it can be interpreted as follows: to be a member of an organization is to think and act in a certain way, in the light of particular goals, values, pictures of the world, and to think and act so as to belong to an organization. In reality, because organization members have diversified backgrounds in cultural, sexual, educational, ethnic, and age - there are difficulties in building an intersubjective understanding. To name a few, not recognizing the need for nor being willin to build intersubjectivity, lack of trust among members, lack of complete information when constructing intersubjectivity, ambiguity of language, cultural diufferences among members of an organization, action being different from words, act of recognition of changing condition, and valuing efficiency over long-term commitment. Some tools, such as action skills, can be used to overcome these difficulties. Action skills can be acquired through continuous education.
Development and management of government human resources: A shortcut to economic development
Authors: Song Bin
Published: December 2016

To strengthen the overall developmen and management of government human resources is not only of vital importance to the development of China's government and nation, but also plays an important role in meeting the nees of digital development and management after China's entry into the World Trade Organization. Therefore, beginning with the transformation from government personnel administrtion to a philosophy pursuing the development of government human resources, this article discusses the peculiarities, the contents, the trends of development, and the construction of twenty informational Lcoal Area Networks.
A curvilinear model of trust and innovation with implications for China's transition
Authors: Herting Stephen R.
Published: December 2016

How can an atmosphere of innovation be infused into cultures (national cultures as well as organizational cultures) that are commonly associated with such traditionally viable values as stability and conformity? Understandting the linkage between trust and innovation could be very important to any organization, particularly where extensive innovation adoption is necessary, as in China's transtion.In this paper, innovation adoption is associated with the degree of trust by managers of organizations in the behavior of their members. As a methodological model, the paper descibes a consulting project that surveyed ten Southern California Hospitals, with fifty organizational groups and over 800 participants, questioning their perceptions of organizational climate elemets as well as their observations of innovation adoptions. Trust-related organizational climate elements were positively associate with the adoptions of administrative innovations and negatively associated with adoptions of product/service innovations.The paper proposes a curvilinear model to illustrate the trust/innovation association. It also suggests possible implications of the findings and discussion on the stufy of diffusion of innovative technologies in China and developing countries. The curvilnear model itself can perhaps be realted to some Chinese cultural norms, particularly the "doctrine of the mean" from Confucianism. The methodology may be applicable to important studies of innovations in China.
Political reform in China in the 1990s: Implications for the future
Authors: Zhou Guanghui
Published: December 2016

Chinese political reform in the 1980s was concentrated largely on reversing many of the affects of the Cultural Revolution, such as the "personality cult" and the attitutde of "what I say goes." and improving efficiency through streamlining admininstration and delegating power to the lower levels. The reforms of that decade demonstrate a certain passivity and vacillation. In comparison, the political reforms enacted in the 1990s tended to be theoretically conscious, entailing a progressive advancing political reform, which promoted change at many levels, concerning relationship between micro and macro, central and local, and state and society. Autonomy, internationality, and progressiveness were the key characteristics of Chinese political reform in the 1990s. In the near future, political reform in China will begin storming age-old fortifications, and only through uninterrupted institutional innovation can China effectively avoid a cataclysin fron am "explosion of participation."
Knowledge management and public organizations: How well does the model apply to Greece?
Authors: Michalopoulos Nikos
Published: December 2016

This paper seeks to shed some light on the field of organizational learning in public organizations. More specifically, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of the middle manager in organizations operating in the Greek public domain. Our main finding is that middle manager are, in fact, far from fulfilling the role of knowledge engineers in Greek public organizations, succumbing to old style operationsl duties. Middle managers are merely conduits, translating plans into action, monitoring and controlloin activities to keep things on track. In other words, their role in public management is completely internal, because they have lived theri lives within the functional corridors of an organzation's hierarchy.
The decoupling of organizations: Organizational operation under the non-coordinating constraint: A framework for studying the relationship between China's charity organizations and the government
Authors: Tian Kai
Published: December 2016

Since the late 1990s, a large number of charity organizations have emerged in China, though there is obvious disparity between their organizational forms and their operations. Although these charity organzations have the form of nonprofit organizations (NPOs), they are in fact part of the goverment system. This paper aims to develop a theoretical framework, namely "organizational operation under incoordinate constraint," to illustrate the operating logic of these charity organizations. The conflict between the government's demand for attaining resources and the need for social control is the institutional origin of the decoupling of charity organizations' form and operation. The decoupling of the organizational form and operation is a common phenomenon, and this theoretical framework could be applied to analyze similar scenarios.
The MPA Curriculum Development in China: Learning from American Theories and Practices
Authors: Ye Lin
Published: December 2016

As China is experiencing its dramatic transition from planned economy to market economy and undergoing its economic and political reform during the last two decades, there are many new phenomena worth studying. The emergence of Master of Public Administration (MPA) education is certainly one of them. Borrowing and learning experiences from advanced countries has been a main theme for the curriculum development for China’s MPA education. Using personal experience as a graduate from a full-time MPA program in the United States and research in this field, the author discusses in this article the issue of how to learn from the American theories and practices and develop an MPA curriculum that fits China’s specific political, economic and social environment. The four main areas of discussion include theory development, quantitative skills, technology training, and case study.
Chinese Public Policy Innovation and the Diffusion of Innovations: An Initial Exploration
Authors: Foster Kenneth W.
Published: December 2016

In a rapidly changing country such as China, how to promote public Policy innovation is an especially critical issue. Understanding how and when innovation occurs, and how and when innovations spread to other jurisdictions, is vitally important if the goal of spurring greater innovation is to be achieved. This article examines one particularly interesting case of policy innovation in China, the development of the "Service Promise System" in the city of Yantai. The analysis of this Case will provide the basis for a more theoretical discussion that combines insights from the Western literature on the topic with the specific characteristics of the Chinese administrative system. One of the key aims is to sketch out an agenda for future research.
Implementing a Performance-Based Management System (with a Case Description of China Post)
Authors: Wang Xiaohu (Shawn)
Published: December 2016

This study examines an implementation model of performance-based management (PBM). It argues that technical competencies and stakeholder involvement are necessary for a successful PBM implementation. Using the case of PBM reforms in China Post, it finds that technical competencies are being developed in the reforms. It also finds that, although the channels of stakeholder participation exist, stakeholders may not be involved in making critical decisions in Chinese reforms.
A Critique of the Local Poverty Diagnosis and Planning System
Authors: Bautista Victoria A.
Published: December 2016

The paper discusses the strengths of the Local Poverty Indicator Monitoring System (LPIMS) Guidebook which was advocated as a platform in formulating local poverty reduction action plan for local government units (LGUs) in the Philippines. The strengths of the LPIMS Guidebook include: (1) the formulation of a rational plan by the LGUs through the use of the set of indicators, (2) ; the application of convergence principle as local government executive officials, local legislative officials, technical staff of different sectors from the local government and the national government, community volunteers, people, organization groups and marginalized groups are represented in the local planning committee; (3) enabling local government units to identify relevant projects on the basis of the indicators; (4) identification of local capabilities through self-reflection process that could respond to the unmet needs; (5) identification of various resources that could support local government unit initiatives; and, (6) the importance of linking poverty alleviation with the comprehensive development plan.Weaknesses identified with respect to the Guidebook include: (1) lack of emphasis on community mobilization, (2) emphasis on municipal-level planning instead of the lowest level of the barangay; and (3) failure to provide strategies on how to implement focused targeting of individuals and families at the barangay level. Recommendations to enhance the utilization of LPIMS include: emphasis on barangay-level planning for poverty alleviation, community mobilization, implementation of focused targeting of individuals and families using indicators, the need to formulate basic needs for facilities to match basic needs for services, training of local officials on LPIMS, and the use of poverty indicators in allocating resources.
Toward Digitan Equality: The Study of ICT and the Effective Public Service Deliverty in Taiwan
Authors: Jan Chung-Yuang
Published: December 2016

Our society has undergone several transformations with the coming of the information age, one of which is the method of public service delivery. Nowadays, some governments provide services through new technologies, such as Internet, BBS, or IC cards. These e-techs will inevitably propel the mutation in org structure, adv process…and so on. From the public administration perspective, obviously, NPM is also a force underpinning the e-governance. In the early 1980s, G. Caiden described that administrative reform came of age. Under the Thatcherism and Reaganism, the core values of government reform are entrepreneurship and competition, and these will be helpful to the formation of Egovernment. In this paper, some points will be discussed. First, the formation of the society of Information under the development of Information and Communication Technology（ICT）. Second, the transformation of public service delivery in e-government context and the approach of New Public Management(NPM）, and of course, the issues of equality, such as digital divide, and digital democracy will also be discussed under the context. Finally, the case of public service delivery of digital equality in Taiwan will be analyzed.
Poverty Alleviation and Peace Building in Multiethnic Societies: The Need for Multiculturalist Governance in the Philipines
Authors: Muslim Macapado A
Published: December 2016

This paper is about the twin challenges of poverty alleviation and peace building in multiethnic countries. It argues that alleviating poverty and achieving peace require the transformation of their politics and governance in multiethnic societies to become multiculturalist. This means making their governance responsive to the challenges and requirements of cultural diversity. Moreover, focusing on the Philippine situation, the paper stresses the urgency of evolving a cultural diversity-friendly political formula for the government to achieve the twin goals of peace and development, particularly in relation to its ethnocultural minorities like the Bangsa Moro of Southern Philippines. Part II of this paper discusses the inextricable link between peace and development, while Part III elucidates some of the political, socio-economic, cultural and security determinants of ethnic conflict. Part IV presents some features of governance warranted by the ethnocultural diversity of multiethnic societies, while Part V analyzes the Philippine situation using the multiculturalist governance framework. Part VI provides some concluding statements.
Improving Governance and Services: Can E-Government Help?
Authors: Smith RFI
Published: December 2016

E-government can help improve governance and service delivery by refocusing consideration of the purposes and tools of government. However, E-government initiatives pose challenging questions of management, especially about coordination in government and the design of services for citizens. Progress towards implementing e-government raises critical questions about preferred styles of governance and about how governments relate to citizens. At present, interactions between citizens, the institutions of government and information and communications technology raise more agendas than governments can handle. However, trying to find ways through these agendas is to confront questions of wide interest to citizens. At the very least, e-government helps improve governance and services by asking questions.
Mutually Reinfocing Cycles of Public Service Deliverty and Poverty Reduction Program: Lesson from the Implementation of Social Safety Net Program in Indonesia
Authors: Santoso Djonet
Published: December 2016

What people do with their lives and those of their family affects their health more than anything the government can do. But what they can do is determined, to a great extent, by their income and knowledge – factors that are not completely within their control. Policies that accelerate income growth and reduce poverty make it possible for people to afford better diets, healthier living conditions, and better health care. Policies to improve people’s income, assists their welfare, expands educational opportunities, and policies that work to ensure effective and accessible health services for all aim to reduce poverty. At the same time, to make the commitment work, there must also be many policies in place to improve the capacity of the administrator and the quality of public service delivery. When these policies are combined, they create a virtuous cycle in which reduction of poverty and public service delivery reinforces each other. Because people’s ability to improve their own health depends so much on income and education, the policy conclusions are clear: government should work to boost economic growth, reduce poverty, and develop human resources through expanded job opportunities, increased public health spending and education. The question is: have these economic policies taken into account the strategy to deliver the service for the poor? To protect the most vulnerable members of society, it is appropriate for governments to ensure that transfers and other special arrangements are effective.
Rural Poverty Alleviation in India: An Assessment of Public Programs
Authors: Ghuman B.S. , Chima Gurpinder
Published: December 2016

India adopted a centralized development strategy after independence. The development strategy focusing on high growth postulated that the benefits of such growth would percolate down and would mitigate problems of income inequality, unemployment and poverty. Empirical evidence of the 1950s and 1960s, however, did not lend support to this ‘trickle down’ hypothesis. As a consequence social justice (i.e. equity) was added as another principal concern to the development strategy. In the 1970’s, ‘Garibi Hatao’ (i.e. removal of poverty) was the buzzword among policy makers. With a view to solve the problems of unemployment and poverty, both the central and the state governments initiated a series of programs. The growing significance of poverty alleviation programs in planning evinced interest among scholars for poverty studies. The objective of the paper is to make an assessment of public programs for alleviating rural poverty. The paper is organized into five sections. In Section I, data and methodology used in the study have been explained. Public programs for rural poverty alleviation programs have been described in Section II. Section III deals with the extent of rural poverty across the states. In Section IV assessment of public programs for rural poverty has been made. Section V includes conclusions and policy recommendations.
The CCP, the State and the Cadres in China
Authors: Li Suizhou
Published: December 2016

This paper, on the basis of documentary analysis, examines the CCP’s monopoly of cadre management. The basic question to be answered is what the relationships among the Party, the state and the cadres are through an analysis of how the Party manages the cadres. Constitutionally, both the legislature (the people’s congress in Chinese lexicon) and the government have extensive authority in cadre management. In reality, there is no state autonomy in personnel, and the state exercises its cadre management functions and duties through the party branches dispatched by the CCP committees. This study shows that the cadre management system is still highly centralized, a heritage with which all the reformists have to deal. This is the background to understand the evolution of the system reforms both at present and in the future. This paper is descriptive, but creatively descriptive in that it depicts a picture of how the Party manages its cadres.
Dynamics of Policy Changes in China: A Case Study of the Renewable Energy Law
Authors: Tan Honggang
Published: December 2016

With its rapid economic development, China plays a key role in the world energy economy. Its future energy path will influence the world’s future. On February 28, 2005, China passed a comprehensive Renewable Energy Law, which was a major policy change for the Chinese government. This article investigates the legislative process of the law and uses this as a case to analyze the dynamics of policy change in China. Throughout this article, I try to explain two highlights of the process: that the law was passed quickly and overwhelmingly, and that the process included various actors, including international and domestic environmental NGOs, which is very rare in China. Applying two Western theoretical frameworks—punctuated-equilibrium theory and advocacy coalition framework—to analyze this case, I partly explain the process. However, I also find the inapplicability of these frameworks in China’s special political context. I argue that some exogenous pressures influenced both dominant core and advocacy groups. With few retarding forces, these strong driving forces made the law pass quickly and overwhelmingly. Generally speaking, the Chinese government is seeking to utilize these NGOs to achieve its own goals. Common interest is a key factor for the involvement of NGOs.
Public Service and Technology Policy Research in China
Authors: Sun Ping , Zhang Xiaojie
Published: December 2016

This article offers an empirical study of contemporary public science and technology (S&T) policy research in mainland China by analyzing 1,410 articles published in four core academic journals during the three year period from 2004 to 2006. Based on the data, we found that the main subjects of the research were the national innovation system, S&T policy tools, and S&T industrial policy, and that the predominant research method was qualitative. The S&T research received significant financial support. We also argue that there is an enduring group of scholars devoting themselves to S&T research and they attach much importance to literature review. Although there were various problems with the research, this is a transitional phenomenon which should improve in the future.
Three Waves of Public Administration Education in China: The Human Resource Development Perspective
Authors: Zhao Yongfei
Published: December 2016

Based on changing social and political trends, the history of the evolvement of public administration education in China is divided into two waves: the initial western-style practice in the first half of the 20th century and the socialist alteration after the Cultural Revolution in the PRC. This study, examines the two waves, focusing on the changes in structures and backgrounds of university faculty in the second wave. A series of in-depth interviews with leading professors at top Chinese public administration schools are used to explore the answer to the question: What is the current situation of human resource development in China’s public administration education? Furthermore, future development strategies are proposed and projected, as the third wave, from the perspective of students studying abroad. The findings of this study indicate that the current development of Chinese public administration schools is healthy and promising. However, further efforts are still needed for future development.
Discussion of a Utilization-Driven Approach for Performance-Informed Budgeting in China
Authors: Lu Yi
Published: December 2016

The diffusion of performance budgeting into China asks the question: how may China approach this task? This research examines the experience of performance budgeting in the United States, and explores the desirability of a utilization-driven approach to implement performance budgeting in China. This article argues that, given what we have known from experiences in other countries, a utilization driven approach, an approach that means to design a performance measurement system that clearly identifies the users of information and the intended uses, holds the promise in China’s unique historical, political and cultural environment.
The Issue of Problem Formulation in Public Policy-Making: A Sandstorm-Combating Policy Case in Northern China
Authors: Yang Lihua , Lan Zhiyong
Published: December 2016

Problem formulation is a critical step in the public policy process. Nonetheless, this importance is not listed in regular policy textbooks and is often overlooked. This study uses the case of sandstorm-combating in Minqin County, China, to illustrate the problem. Through statistical analysis of the data, the authors have demonstrated how policy formulation could be set on the wrong premise and lead to wrong policy consequences, particularly in the case of environmental issues for which full information is not readily available. In conclusion, the authors argue that conscientious attention to policy problem formation, careful empirical analysis, and collaborative participatory efforts are essential to ensure public policy success.
A Comparison of U.S. and Chinese Performance Measurement Legislation
Authors: Wang Tiankai
Published: December 2016

This study reviews the development of performance measurement in the United States and China, and compares the differences in related legislation between the two countries. U.S. performance measurement legislation is more sophisticated and advanced than that in China. China’s economic development has contributed to the lag in performance measurement legislation and philosophy. It is meaningful for China to learn from the U.S. experience to improve its performance measurement. This study proposes some suggestions to improve Chinese performance measurement legislation.
Human Resources Management for Effective Public Administration
Authors: Covell Caroline
Published: December 2016

Managing human resources in public administration is difficult and complex because it is an academic field, a field of scientific management and application, and a field of managerial professionalism, which includes legal and political processes. Effective management of human resources in public administration requires the incorporation of human resources development and continuous and strategic planning for “the right person for the right job.” The contemporary public administration with personnel that possess “employable skills” belittles the government and reduces its capacity. This system has resulted in a human resource management style that is based on feelings. This paper argues that traditional human management is more effective and it determines the success and the strength of the government. The crisis faced by public administration today is the result of the reinventing the government movement–a system whose human resources management is based on “employable skills,” multitasking, and a fast-paced environment. This system diminishes the importance of knowledge, science, and professionalism. It causes a leadership crisis and poor capacity governance. This paper describes the theoretical foundation of human resources management in the government. This paper also discusses a comparative analysis between line-department and matrix approach as an alternative solution to improve the capacity of public employees so that they can perform effectively and maximize their potential.
Chinese Public Administration as a Resource for the World
Authors: Holzer Marc , Lu Yi
Published: December 2016

Chinese Public Administration as a Resource for the World
Організація нефрологічної допомоги в Україні: сучасний стан і перспективи
Authors: Pyrih L.A.
Published: December 2016

Подана оцінка сучасних статистичних показників нефрологічної допомоги в Україні, їх неповноти й невірогідності. Вказано на необхідність законодавчої та організаційної оптимізації розвитку трансплантології.
Keragaman dan Kelimpahan Musuh Alami Hama pada Habitat Padi yang Dimanipulasi dengan Tumbuhan Berbunga
Authors: Kurniawati Nia
Published: December 2016

Penelitian lapangan secara terbatas telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui dampak keberadaan tumbuhan berbunga pada kelimpahan dan keragaman artropoda termasuk serangga musuh alami padi. Dua perlakuan, yaitu ditambah tumbuhan berbunga dan tanpa tumbuhan berbunga diaplikasikan di lahan penelitian Fakultas Pertanian UGM di Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta, dan masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan berbunga meningkatkan keragaman artropoda termasuk serangga musuh alami secara signifikan, serta memberikan hasil padi yang cenderung lebih tinggi, di samping juga mampu menurunkan insiden serangan hama, misalnya penggerek batang padi.Kata Kunci : tumbuhan berbunga, musuh alami, keragaman, kelimpahan
Efisiensi Teknis Usahatani Kopi Arabika di Kabupaten Enrekang
Authors: Thamrin Syahruni
Published: December 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi teknis usahatani kopi arabika di Kabupaten Enrekang. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah petani kopi arabika, jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 100 orang. Analisis dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif, analisis efisiensi teknis dan inefisiensi teknis. Estimasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan fungsi produksi frontir stokastik. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh sangat nyata pada efisiensi teknis kopi adalah luas lahan, penggunaan pupuk Urea, ZA dan tenaga kerja. Rata-rata efisiensi teknis petani responden adalah 0,89. Berarti petani telah efisien secara teknis khususnya dalam mengalokasikan sumberdaya dan memanfaatkan teknologi budidaya yang ada. Sementara itu hasil estimasi dengan menggunakan metode MLE, variable yang signifikan dan berkorelasi negatif adalah jumlah anggota keluarga.