bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid in broiler breeders and egg storage time on the fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation and internal egg quality
Authors: Silvério Priscila S. , de Lima Cristiane B. , da Silva Frederico L. , Mendonça Márcio A. , Tanure Candice B. G. S. , Stringhini José Henrique , Racanicci Aline M. C.
Published: June 2023

Context The need for the storage of fertile eggs is a reality in the poultry industry. At the same time, prolonged storage periods decrease the quality of egg components that are essential for embryo development, and can compromise hatchability and chick quality; thus, the high content of unsaturated fatty acids in embryo tissues increase the susceptibility to peroxidation. Aims The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of cis-9, trans-11, trans-10 and cis-12 isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to the broiler-breeder diet and the storage time on the internal egg quality, composition and lipid oxidation. Methods In total, 22 000 Cobb female broiler breeders of 58 weeks of age were fed with diets containing 0 or 0.024% CLA and fertile eggs were stored 3, 6 or 9 days prior to incubation. In total, 6912 hatching eggs were used in a completely randomised experimental design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (CLA inclusion × egg storage time). At the end of each storage period, 30 eggs per dietary treatment were sampled to analyse yolk and albumen height, percentage and pH, yolk:albumen ratio, yolk diameter and index, Haugh unit (HU), yolk lipid oxidation, acidity and fatty acid profile. Key results The progression of storage negatively affected the internal quality of the eggs; however, inclusion of CLA minimised these effects up to Day 6, especially for yolk diameter, HU, height and albumen pH. The total lipid content was not affected by the dietary treatments; however, CLA inclusion resulted in a higher proportion of stearic acid and a lower concentration of linoleic acid in yolks. Conclusions The changes observed in fatty acid profile of the eggs may have favoured the reduction of lipid oxidation, as shown by the decrease in the acidity index and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) values at shorter storage periods. Implications The dietary addition of CLA to broiler breeders may be used to preserve the egg internal quality during a short-term storage period.
The comprehensive effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on the physiology of the diatom microalga Thalassiosira weissflogii
Authors: Shoman Natalia , Solomonova Ekaterina , Akimov Arkady , Rylkova Olga , Meger Yakov
Published: June 2023

The high rate of production and use of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) results in its accumulation in the environment. However, the effect of large quantities of CuO NPs on aquatic ecosystems is not fully known. In aquatic ecosystems, phytoplankton is the primary producer of organic matter and the basis of all the trophic interactions; accordingly, the potential effect of CuO NPs on the microalgae community is of great concern. This study established the main patterns of changes in morphological, structural, functional, fluorescent and cytometric parameters in the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii after adding CuO NPs to the medium at concentrations of 250–2500 μg L−1. As shown, the investigated pollutant has cytotoxic, genotoxic and mechanical effect on the microalga covering almost all the aspects of cell functioning. A two-fold decrease in the culture abundance relative to the control is observed at the toxicant content of 550 μg L−1 in the medium. At CuO NPs content above 750 μg L−1, a pronounced inhibition of the alga growth is recorded, as well as a decrease in the efficiency of its photosynthetic apparatus, a disturbance of membrane integrity, an increase in cell volume, a rise in abundance of dead/inactive cells in the culture, enlargement and deformation of nuclei, an increase in reactive oxygen species production, and depolarisation of the mitochondrial membrane. Our results show that high CuO NPs concentrations in water can cause serious disruptions in phytoplankton functioning and in equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems in general.
The effects of cycloastragenol on bovine embryo development, implantation potential and telomerase activity
Authors: Khan Abdul Majid , Idrees Muhammad , Perera Chalani Dilshani , Haider Zaheer , Joo Myeong-Don , Kang Ji-Su , Lee Seo-Hyeon , Kong Il-Keun
Published: June 2023

Context Telomerase reverse transcriptase is a key factor responsible for structural and cellular alterations in aged oocytes and changes in the structure of the zona pellucida and mitochondria. Telomerase expression is reduced in aged cumulus oocyte complexes, and its activation or enhanced expression would be beneficial for in vitro oocyte maturation and in vitro embryo development. Aims This study aimed to investigate telomerase activation by cycloastragenol and its effect on bovine oocyte in vitro maturation, fertilisation, and early embryo development. Methods We used qPCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay,TUNEL assay, JC-1 assay, and invasion assay to analyse the affect of cycloastragenol (CAG) on bovine oocyte maturation, embryo development, embryo quality and implantation potential. Key results Cycloastragenol treatment of oocytes in in vitro maturation (IVM) media significantly (P < 0.05) improved oocyte IVM (90.87%), embryo cleavage (90.78%), blastocyst hatching (27.04%), and embryo implantation potential. Telomerase also interacts with mitochondria, and JC-1 staining results showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in the CAG-treated group. Furthermore, the inner cell mass (OCT4 and SOX2) and trophoblasts (CDX2) of the control and CAG groups were examined. Moreover, CAG treatment to primary cultured bovine cumulus cells substantially enhanced telomerase activity. Conclusions Telomerase activation via cycloastragenol is beneficial for bovine oocyte IVM and for the production of high-quality bovine embryos. Implications Cycloastragenol is a natural telomerase activator, and could be useful as a permanent component of oocyte maturation media.
Animals squawking their mysteries
Authors: Caracciolo Marco
Published: June 2023

Scholarship on literature’s engagement with the climate crisis has frequently highlighted the limitations of the
realist novel vis-à-vis the scale and wide-ranging ramifications of climate change. This article reads Laura Jean McKay’s
The Animals in That Country (2020) as a powerful example of how
the cross-fertilization of narrative and poetic forms can expand the imaginative reach of the novel. Through the plot device of a
pandemic that enables human-nonhuman communication, McKay’s novel explores the fragility of nonhuman life in a world shaped by the
violence of advanced capitalist societies. The poetic nature of the animals’ utterances complicates interpretation and draws
attention to the complexities of human-nonhuman entanglement, echoing – and performing through literary form – the ethical
position formulated by Deborah Bird Rose under the rubric of “ecological existentialism.”
Nearly optimal bounds for the global geometric landscape of phase retrieval
Authors: Cai Jian-Feng , Huang Meng , Li Dong , Wang Yang
Published: June 2023

The phase retrieval problem is concerned with recovering an unknown signal

x
∈

C

n

from a set of magnitude-only measurements

y
j

=
∣
⟨

a
j

,
x

⟩
∣
,
j
=
1
,
…
,
m

. A natural least squares formulation can be used to solve this problem efficiently even with random initialization, despite its non-convexity of the loss function. One way to explain this surprising phenomenon is the benign geometric landscape: (1) all local minimizers are global; and (2) the objective function has a negative curvature around each saddle point and local maximizer. In this paper, we show that

m
=
O
(
n
log
n
)

Gaussian random measurements are sufficient to guarantee the loss function of a commonly used estimator has such benign geometric landscape with high probability. This is a step toward answering the open problem given by Sun et al (2018 Found. Comput. Math.
18 1131–98), in which the authors suggest that

O
(
n
log
n
)

or even O(n) is enough to guarantee the favorable geometric property.
Surface effects on the spherical indentation of biological film/substrate structures
Authors: Ding Yue , Liang Xuan-Ming , Li Cheng-Ya , Wang Gang-Feng
Published: June 2023

Micro-/nano-indentation has been the most popular technique to extract the mechanical characteristics of biological cells and tissues. However, due to surface effects and the existence of substrates, conventional contact models are unable to determine the accurate elastic modulus of biological samples by analyzing the measured load-indent depth data. In this study, the spherical indentation of the film/substrate structure considering the surface energy and large deformations is investigated. The hyperelasticity of biological films and substrates is considered through neo-Hookean constitutive model, and the surface effect is incorporated using the finite element method. The explicit formulas for the relations between load and indent depth are presented for films with two orders of magnitude modulus mismatch to the substrate. It is found that the modulus mismatch between film and underlying substrate would lead to an overestimation of modulus for the film on a stiffer substrate, but an underestimated modulus for that on a softer substrate if the conventional Hertzian theory is directly adopted in the analysis. Moreover, for indentation at micro-/nano-scale, the surface energy would pronouncedly reduce the indent depth under a given load and lead to a seemingly stiffer film. Our results provide the explicit expressions to accurately predict the spherical indentation response of biological film/substrate structures.
Temporal afterglow between two pulses of repetitively pulsed argon-acetylene plasma: measuring electron and negatively charged species densities
Authors: Hasani M , Donders T J M , Beckers J
Published: June 2023

The temporal afterglow between two pulses of a repetitively pulsed radio-frequency driven low-pressure argon-acetylene plasma is experimentally explored using laser-induced photodetachment combined with microwave cavity resonance spectroscopy. The densities of electrons and negatively charged species, i.e. anions and dust particles, are measured temporally resolved until 1.9 s in the temporal plasma afterglow. Two different plasma-on times are adjusted to investigate the dynamics of anions and dust particles in the afterglow phase. The measurements show that while electrons decay rapidly within the first few milliseconds of the afterglow phase, the negatively charged species reside much longer in the plasma after the plasma is switched off. The electron density decay is measured to be faster for a longer plasma-on time. This effect is attributed to an enhanced recombination rate due to a higher dust particle density and/or size. The density of negatively charged species decays within two different timescales. The first 20 milliseconds of the afterglow is marked with a rapid decay in the negatively charged species density, in contrast with their slow density decay in the second time scale. Moreover, a residual of the negatively charged species densities is detected as long as 1.9 s after extinguishing the plasma.
A method for separating unmodeled errors in GNSS based on the constraint of the prior variance of unit weight
Authors: Yu Xianwen , Wang Jiafu
Published: June 2023

In global navigation satellite system (GNSS), unmodeled errors critically affect the accuracy and reliability of positioning solutions. When the unmodeled errors are significant in the mathematical model, they are mainly processed by choosing adjustment models with additional systematic error parameters or semiparametric estimation. However, many existing methods require knowledge of prior information on unmodeled errors; otherwise, achieving better processing results is difficult. To address this problem, this study proposes a GNSS unmodeled error separation method that does not rely on prior information on unmodeled errors. This method is based on the constraint of prior variance of unit weight. First, the method effectively separates the effect of unmodeled errors in the residuals under this constraint. Second, the initial estimate of the unmodeled errors in the observation domain is used as a virtual observation. Thus, the optimal estimate and variance of the unmodeled errors are obtained. Finally, the observations are effectively corrected by combining the concepts of mean shift and variance inflation. Multiple experiments were performed in this study. The results show that the proposed method can effectively weaken the impact of unmodeled errors on the float and fixed solutions of GNSS positioning, regardless of whether unmodeled errors exist in a single observation or multiple observations.
Hydrothermal synthesis and formation mechanism of controllable magnesium silicate nanotubes derived from coal fly ash
Authors: Gong Yanbing , Chen Muyang , Zhang Yongfeng , Wu Liying
Published: June 2023

A novel controllable magnesium silicate nanotube (MSN) material derived from coal fly ash was successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal process for the first time, and the reaction conditions and mechanism of synthesizing MSN materials from magnesium oxide and sodium silicate extracted from the fly ash were studied. The optimal preparation conditions are temperature = 220 °C, pH = 13.5, and Mg: Si molar ratio = 3:2, and the tubular structure gradually appeared and showed controllable and regular growth with the increase of synthesis time. The mechanism revealed that with the gradual dissolution of brucite into the sodium silicate solution, the reaction product begins to crystallize and transform from an initial sheet-like structure to a tubular structure, and finally becomes a uniformly arranged nanotube. The formation process of MSN follows Pauling’s fourth rule, Si–O tetrahedral coordination and Mg–OH octahedral coordination is further condensed to form a two-layer structure by the action of active oxygen, then the sheet is rolled into a tube under its structural stress. The growth of both outer tubular diameter and inner tubular diameter has good linear law and controllable, and the growth rate are 0.289 nm h−1 and 0.071 nm h−1, respectively.
Collective excitations of a charged Fermi superfluid in the BCS-BEC crossover
Authors: Klimin S N , Tempere J , Repplinger T , Kurkjian H
Published: June 2023

We consider collective excitations in the superfluid state of Fermi condensed charged gases. The dispersion and damping of collective excitations at nonzero temperatures are examined, and the coexistence and interaction of different branches of collective excitations: plasma oscillations, pair-breaking Higgs modes, and Carlson–Goldman phonon-like excitations are taken into account. The path integral methods for superfluid Fermi gases and for Coulomb gas are combined into a unified formalism that extends the Gaussian fluctuation approximation to account for plasmonic modes. This approximation of Gaussian pair and density fluctuations is able to describe all branches of collective excitations existing in a charged superfluid. The spectra of collective excitations are determined in two ways: from the spectral functions and from the complex poles of the fluctuation propagator. A resonant avoided crossing of different modes is shown. It is accompanied by resonant enhancement of the response provided by the pair-breaking modes due to their interaction with plasma oscillations. This may facilitate the experimental observation of the pair-breaking modes.
In-vitro anticancer and anti-migration effect of Ficus racemosa leaves extract and its neoadjuvant combination with chemo-photodynamic therapy
Authors: Aziz Bushra , Ahmat Lubna , Khurshid Ahmat , Khan Junaid Ahmad , Alam Masroor , Ikram Masroor
Published: June 2023

Phytocompounds play a key role in prevention and treatment of cancers. The secondary metabolites are being studied due to their anticancer and antioxidant properties leading to the finding of new therapeutic agents. Like many medicinal plants, Ficus racemosa (FR) is rich in polyphenols and can be used in cancer treatment. The side effects of existing therapeutic modalities at high doses may be reduced in combination. In this study the anticancer and anti-migration potentials of FR were evaluated, along with its combinational study at low therapeutic dosage with doxorubicin-HCl (Dox-HCl), dacarbazine (DTIC) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The effects of FR leaves extract on the rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells morphology, cell viability, and cell migration ability were investigated by light microscopy, MTT assay, and wound healing cell migration assay respectively. The effect of various FR concentrations on RD cells indicated the potential anticancer effect in a dose dependent manner. The results of low dose di-combinations (FR-chemo, FR-PDT) and tri-combinations (FR-chemo-PDT) were synergistic. The % cell viability was reduced to 29% for FR-Dox-HCl-PDT and 44% for FR-DTIC-PDT combinations. A pronounced cytotoxic effect and cell migration was observed in tri-combination therapy as compared to di- and mono-therapy. This study concluded that FR leaves extract has anticancer effects and gives synergy with chemo and PDT combinations.
Glider Network Observation Unraveling A Cyclonic Eddy in the Northwestern Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent
Authors: Jiang Feng , Zhou Muping , Zhou Feng , Hu Zhentao
Published: June 2023

The North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) is a zonal current consisting of a weak eastward current near the surface and a westward current (north equatorial current, NEC) below. Previous studies have proved that this region is an extremely active region of the North Pacific eddy. The activity of mesoscale eddy in this region can directly or indirectly affect the periodic variations of the Kuroshio and the Chinese coastal waters. In order to study the structure of mesoscale eddies in this region and their impact on the upper ocean, five Petrel-II underwater gliders were conducted as a network to collect hydrographic properties from December 09 2020 to February 05, 2021. It is found that a cyclonic eddy passed through the glider network from east to west during the observation period, and the glider grid almost covers the whole eddy. The radius, amplitude and propagation velocity of the eddy were analyzed. The underwater gliders were equipped with CTD sensors, collected about 1200 full thermohaline profiles. The observation results indicated that the cyclonic eddy can influence over 400 m in the vertical, which caused the isotherm rising up to 40 m. Analysis based on satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level anomaly (SLA) data suggest that the cyclonic eddy is probably locally generated.
A Ship Monitoring Framework Based on Multimodal Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Yin Z Y , Tang Y Q , Chen Y Z , Zhang Y Y
Published: June 2023

Due to the wide monitoring range, remote sensing satellites have more advantages than ground monitoring in large-scale monitoring. In particular, satellite network observations make rapid and frequent ground monitoring possible. In this paper, an all-day and all-weather marine ship monitoring framework based on multimodal remote sensing data was established. Scene recognition method was first used to segment sea areas. Then, we analyzed the ship characteristics of different data and used them for ship detection. Finally, the motion state of the ship was judged and the dynamic ships in the video were tracked. To prove the proposed framework, the data of Sentinel-1/2 and Jilin-1 data were used for verification. The experimental results demonstrated the advantages of the proposed framework for ship monitoring, which achieved the purpose of ship detection and tracking.
Ecological Vulnerability and Ecological Risk Assessment of Shanghai Section of Hangzhou Bay North Shore
Authors: Guo Yutong , Zhang Ren , Wang Yangjun , Yan Hengqian , Liu Quanhong , Xu Jing
Published: June 2023

Vulnerability research and ecological risk assessment of coastal ecological environment are of great significance for the temporal and spatial evolution process and trend of coastal zone. In this paper, using the 4-phase GF-1 remote sensing data, the landscape fragility index and landscape artificial disturbance intensity index of the Shanghai section of the north bank of Hangzhou Bay are calculated, and the temporal and spatial variation characteristics and the response to human activities are analyzed. The prediction based on Kalman filtering is used. The area of the landscape vulnerability level of the Shanghai section of the north shore of Hangzhou Bay in 2022. The results show that: (1) The lower fragile area is the dominant type of vulnerable area between 2013 and 2016, and the low-vulnerable area rises to the dominant type in 2016-2018, and the area of higher and high vulnerable areas is on the rise, and the vulnerable areas in 2018-2019 The change is slower than the previous stage. High-level vulnerable areas continue to spread, mainly from urban to suburban, inland to coastal, land to port. (2) The landscape change in the study area has a significant response to human activities, and there is a significant positive correlation between landscape fragility and landscape artificial disturbance intensity. (3) Based on the Kalman filter method, the results of predicting the level of vulnerable areas in each landscape in 2022 show that the area of the low vulnerability level area and the higher vulnerability level area has increased from the previous moment, and the lower vulnerability level area and The area of the medium vulnerability level has increased from the previous moment, and the area of the high vulnerability level has increased from 2018, which is lower than that in 2019.
Application of Hydro-morphodynamic Modelling in Coastal Salt Marsh Management
Authors: Chen Z. P. , Dai J. C. , Zeng J. W. , Li R. J.
Published: June 2023

Salt marshes are widespread in estuarine coastal areas and are one of the most productive natural ecosystems in the world. More importantly, the role of salt marshes in coastal protection is of increasing interest, as salt marshes significantly reduce wave height and stabilize substrates. However, the application of hydrodynamic models for coastal salt marsh management is still uncommon. In this study, TELEMAC is used to set up a hydro-morphodynamic model to simulate the dynamic process in the study area. After that, the influence of hydrodynamic stress on the salt marshes under natural conditions was analysed and the feasibility of applying artificial structures to restore salt marshes was discussed. Finally, the long-term evolution of salt marsh platform is modelled. The results show that salt marsh vegetation is strongly influenced by coastal dynamics. The artificial restoration measures such as submerged dikes have the potential to restore or rehabilitate salt marshes by attenuating the currents on tidal flats. The long-term marsh evolution contains both platform raising and channel incision, which forms the unique landscape of tidal salt marsh. The research results of the study can provide theoretical support for the management and restoration of coastal salt marsh wetlands and contribute to disaster prevention and mitigation in the coastal areas.
Summary of development of offshore wind power transmission technology and local hydrogen production
Authors: Chao Hou , Zhang Wenjie , Chen Hu , Zhang Nan , Qian Han , Gu Jie , Gao Xiang , Zhao Chenyin
Published: June 2023

In recent years, Wind power generation is one of the effective ways to achieve the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutralization”. By summarizing the latest progress of offshore wind power generation technology and transmission technology, and analyzing the development status and trend of offshore wind power, the new generation of offshore wind turbine, floating offshore wind power technology, offshore wind power hydrogen production, power collection system design This paper expounds the research direction and development prospect of power frequency grid connection improvement and new grid connection transmission mode, summarizes the development technology of offshore wind power, points out the development trend of offshore wind power technology, and points out the direction for further research on offshore wind power.
Research on risk Assessment and decision support for underwater Platform in Naval Battle field environment
Authors: Zilong Guo , Hong Mei , Shi Jian , Yunxiang Zhang , Qiuliang Hu
Published: June 2023

Autonomous underwater unmanned platforms have become important facilities in the marine field since countries attach importance to maritime rights and interests, and play an important role in both military and civilian use. However, complex underwater marine environmental elements will have a huge impact on the performance of underwater unmanned platforms, and how to ensure the safe and stable operation of underwater unmanned platforms has become an urgent problem to be solved. Based on this practical problem, this paper studies the influence of marine environmental elements on the operation of underwater unmanned platforms with reference to the hydrological data of the South China Sea, and uses Bayesian methods to carry out risk zoning of the impact of the marine environment in the South China Sea on underwater unmanned platforms.
Analysis of Current at a Continuous Observation Station in the Shallow Water of the Northern Outer Shelf of the East China Sea
Authors: Zhang Yachao , Sha Wei , Zhang Xiaojie , Wei Yingxin , Zhao Jianli , Qiu Jufei , Wang Jianfeng , Pan Wei
Published: June 2023

In this paper, multi-layer current data continuously observed in November 2021 was studied by statistical analysis, spectral analysis, and harmonic analysis in the shallow water area of the northern outer shelf of the East China Sea. The results showed that: during observation, the average velocity was 30.5cm/s, and the maximum velocity was 78.1cm/s. The velocity from 30cm/s to 40cm/s accounts for the largest proportion, and the maximum direction frequency was eastward, up to 12.4%. The stationary flow direction is northward and changes from northeast to northwest with the increase of depth. The current is a regular semi-diurnal current, and the current ellipse rotates clockwise. The major axis of the M2 tidal current ellipse ranges from 12.9cm/s to 37.7cm/s, and firstly increases, then keeps constant, and finally decreases with the increase of depth. This study fills in the blank of the autumn hydrodynamic data and can provide a reference for studying hydrodynamics in the Kuroshio affected area.
Key Technologies of Marine Environment Safety
Authors: Zhang W , Sun L E , Cao L , Liu J , Li J , Cao S W , Huang Q Y , Yang X Z
Published: June 2023

An increasing number of marine disasters and maritime accidents occurred frequently in coastal area of China which lead to giant loss of life and property in recent years. In response to those disasters and accidents, China had put enormous effort into ocean observation, disaster prediction and forecasting, risk assessment and informationization, which lead to the preliminary improvement on safety capability of marine environment. In this paper, China’s marine environment safety situation are analyzed for concluding the insufficient research on Multi-source Information Aggregation, Assistant Decision-Making, Emergency Dispatching and relevant informationization. Hence plenty of key technologies as Multi-source Information Aggregation and Fusion, Dynamic Risk Assessment, Scenario Deduction, Command Coordination and Information Platform Construction Technology are also analyzed for feasible implementation mean and possible development direction..
Summary of research on generator of offshore wind wave combined power generation system
Authors: Zhao Chenyin , Qian Han , Gu Jie , Zhu Yingqian , Gao Xiang
Published: June 2023

In recent years, multi energy complementary utilization has become a new trend of energy development. Offshore wind and wave energy have many advantages, such as no pollution, concentrated energy form, etc. a new wind wave combined power generation system based on two degree of freedom linear rotating generator came into being. The research status of offshore wind and wave power generation system is summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of independently developed offshore wind and wave power generation system, traditional wind wave combined power generation system and new offshore wind wave combined power generation system are compared. The research status of rotating generator of two degree of freedom straight line as the core energy conversion device of a new offshore wind wave combined power generation system is summarized, and the feasibility of using two degree of freedom generator in the new offshore wind wave combined power generation system is preliminarily verified by finite element method. Then, the research hotspots and difficulties of this kind of generator are discussed. Finally, the main research directions of two degree of freedom generator for offshore wind wave combined power generation system in the future are prospected.
Optimization Research of Er-doped Magneto-refractive Photonic Crystal Fiber Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Yao Siyu , Wang Dongying , Yu Yang , Zhang Zhenrong
Published: June 2023

In order to meet the demand for large-scale magnetic field testing, this paper proposes a D-shaped magneto-refractive photonic crystal fiber (MRPCF) based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) by using the erbium-doped material. By varying the diameter, location, and number of layers of the air holes, the four different Models A, B, C, and D structures are created, and the corresponding magnetic field sensing properties are analyzed. The simulation findings demonstrate that the magnetic field sensitivities of Models A, B, C, and D are 28 pm/mT, 48 pm/mT, 36 pm/mT, and 21 pm/mT, respectively when the magnetic field strength is 5 - 405 mT. Meanwhile, the figure of merit (FOM) of the four MRPCF-SPR sensors is investigated, which have FOMs of 4.8×10-4 mT-1, 6.4×10-4 mT-1, 1.9×10-4 mT-1, 0.9×10-4 mT-1. Model B has high sensitivity and large FOM. It shows that altering the structural design of the fiber can significantly improve the magneto-refractive effect of MRPCF. The proposed MRPCF has numerous uses in the areas of geological research, earthquake and tsunami monitoring, and military navigation. It can also be expected to enable quasi-distributed magnetic field sensing.
Source Range Estimation with Horizontal Arrays Using Frequency Difference Matched Field Processing in Shallow Water
Authors: Song Penghua , Wang Haozhong
Published: June 2023

Due to the modal interference, the ambiguity function of conventional matched field processing (CMFP) exists periodic solutions. To solve this problem, a frequency difference matched field processing (FDMFP) method with horizontal linear array (HLA) for estimating the source range is proposed. The method calculates the ambiguity function of two-neighbor-frequency between the measurement and the replica of each hydrophone, and then computes the high-order cross-spectrum. The range corresponding to the maximum of the ambiguity function is the optimal estimation. Because of the larger modal interference distances, the FDMFP can efficiently provide one-only optimal range instead of some of CMFP.
Comparative research on 3D visualization of underwater acoustic fields using near real-time database
Authors: Chen Jiandong , Tian He
Published: June 2023

In order to realize the near real-time prediction of the ocean acoustic field, this paper conducted a comparative study of HYCOM data and NMDC data for the application of hydrographic datasets, and drew pseudo-color maps of ocean surface temperature distribution and sound velocity distribution characteristics in the area of 4°N~26°N and 105°E~1236°E respectively. Moreover, the 3D visual distribution of sound velocity in the ocean acoustic field in a 1° grid region of 114°E~115°E, 18°N~19°N is also conducted. Comparisons of the results with the two datasets shown that the acoustic velocity distribution characteristics generated by these two datasets remain consistent overall, and the data generated by HYCOM has more detailed features than the NMDC, however, NMDC data has smaller size and advantageous data type of acoustic velocity, which reduces the requirements for computer hardware and offers a faster processing speed.
Adaptive Interference Suppression and FPGA Implementation for Active Sonar Detection
Authors: Sun Shouyang , He Chuanlin , Yu Yang , Liu Zeqi
Published: June 2023

Active sonar is used for target detection in the bistatic detection system. When the target approaches or crosses the source-receiver line, the direct blast will cause serious interference in the received signal. The adaptive filtering algorithm is used to suppress the interference such as direct blast, and it is implemented on FPGA by System Generator. The results show that the adaptive filter can effectively suppress the direct blast, and the forward scattering signal submerged in direct blast can be displayed, and underwater target can be detected.
Research on the Estimation Method of Target Motion Parameters Based on Ternary Array
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Cui Hongxu , Wang Liang
Published: June 2023

The ternary array passive positioning technique performs the estimation of target distance and bearing by measuring the time delay difference between array elements. The estimates are limited by the geometric model and time delay measurement errors, and the positioning accuracy and reliability are poor. In this paper, we propose an orientation matching-based motion target localization model. By introducing the target motion model, and establish a matching objective function for the time delay difference obtained by calculating the predefined target motion trajectory and the actual received data of the ternary array separately. The matching objective function is optimally solved by using Burg algorithm in the AR spectrum estimation method, and a highly accurate and reliable target parameter estimation can be obtained in a short time. The results of computer simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the method.
Research on Target Tracking Simulation System Framework for Multi-Static Sonar Buoys
Authors: Guo Yu , Li Yalin , Tan Haoyang , Zhang Zenghui , Ye Junxiang , Ren Chaoqi
Published: June 2023

In the modern war, with the improvement of the target mobility, the increase of the diversity of the target platform, the decrease in the radiation noise of underwater targets, active sonar technology is becoming increasingly important in the underwater target detection. The data processing has also been continuously improved. Especially with the development of information technology in the modern warfare, the target tracking technology is highly valued by various countries around the world, and it has now become a very important field of research. This article proposes a general tracking framework based on the Multi-Static Sonar Buoys System and a variety of tracking algorithms. It lays the foundation for further completing the multi-target tracking simulation system.
Study on the effect of seafloor sound speed dispersion on sound propagation
Authors: Wu Y H , Huang Y W
Published: June 2023

As one of the boundaries of ocean waveguide, the acoustic properties of seafloor sediments have been a hot research problem in ocean acoustic propagation and acoustic field modeling. The existing research has shown that the sound velocity in seafloor sediment is frequency dependent. In order to solve the problem that the sedimentary sound speed dispersing often be ignored in actual applications, this article uses the parabolic Newton to iterate to solve the dispersion equation to obtain the characteristic value of the normal mode. And the impact of frequency dispersion of sediment sound speed through simulation are studied. The results show that the sound wave in the time domain will appear more obvious broadening phenomenon, and the propagation loss will be reduced after considering the sound velocity dispersion of the sediment. Also, with the increase of frequency, the more obvious the effect of sound velocity dispersion on the sound propagation in the frequency range of sound velocity dispersion.
Greening rate in North Korea doubles South Korea
Authors: Qu Sai , Ryu Youngryel , Liu Jiangong , Wang Jonathan A
Published: June 2023

South and North Korea have experienced contrasting economic developments since the 1950s while sharing similar climates. Previous studies revealed an overall long-term greening trend across the Korean Peninsula based on greenness data from coarse-resolution satellite images. However, there has been no comprehensive comparison of the greenness patterns and the driving mechanisms between two countries due to the limitations of coarse-resolution satellite data. Here, we performed cross-calibration among Landsat sensors and adopted a phenology-based approach to generate Landsat annual maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVImax) time series for each pixel from 1986 to 2017. We found that over 1986–2017, the greening rate in North Korea was almost twice that of South Korea. Cropland in South Korea is the main source of the greening discrepancy. The expansion of agricultural facilities in the stable cropland area and urbanization in the cropland loss area of South Korea contributed 57% to the significant negative NDVImax trend, which was dominant over the forest NDVImax increase resulting from rising temperatures, CO2 fertilization effects and afforestation projects. However, in North Korea, CO2 fertilization effects in the stable cropland area and transition from grassland to cropland promoted an increase in NDVImax, despite decreasing NDVImax in forest areas due to deforestation. Our results highlight the need for delineating fine-scale land-use changes to advance our understanding of regional vegetation dynamics.
Health Professional- and Volunteer-partnered Self-management Support (COMBO-KEY) to Promote Self-efficacy and Self-management Behaviors in People with Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lo Suzanne H S , Chau Janita P C , Choi Kai C , Wong Rebecca Y M , Kwan Jackie C Y , Iu Issac H L
Published: June 2023

Background

Multiple systematic reviews have reported that self-management interventions are associated with positive impacts on self-efficacy and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with stroke.

Purpose

This article reports the effects of an enhanced stroke self-management program.

Methods

Eligible adults with stroke were recruited from community-based organizations and a support group for a two-arm, assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial. Participants in the control group received usual care, while those in the intervention group also received the 8-week self-management program, Coaching Ongoing Momentum Building On stroKe rEcovery journeY (COMBO-KEY), consisting of four individual home visits and five follow-up phone calls, delivered by healthcare professionals and trained volunteers. Assessments were conducted at baseline and after the intervention, for outcomes of self-efficacy, satisfaction with the performance of self-management behaviors, HRQoL, and community reintegration, which were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEEs).

Results

134 Participants were recruited [mean age = 64.1 years, standard deviation (SD) = 12.7]. Over 80% of the participants had a first-ever stroke [mean years after first stroke: 4.2 (SD = 5.1)]. The GEE analysis revealed that the intervention group participants showed significantly greater improvements in self-efficacy, satisfaction with their performance of self-management behaviors, HRQoL, and community reintegration at 8-week follow-up with respect to their baseline levels.

Conclusions

The COMBO-KEY program showed effective improvements in recovery outcomes of people with stroke. Future research should explore the inclusion of virtual/hybrid sessions, strategies to assess health conditions of people with stroke via online modes, and assessment of goal attainment and actual performance of self-management behaviors.
The Weakness of Relationality as a Unifying Concept in Tort
Authors: Borgerson Timothy
Published: June 2023

Corrective justice and civil recourse theorists aim to provide coherent and unified theories of tort law—and private law more generally. In doing so, they have identified relationality as a key unifying concept. For corrective justice theorists, relational rights and wrongs are based on the internal moral structure of private law—namely a notion of rights that protect a person’s capacity to exercise purposive agency. For civil recourse theorists, on the other hand, relational rights and wrongs are grounded in the positive law. This essay assesses whether relationality does, in fact, provide a strong foundation for grounding a theory of tort law. It argues that, while relationality certainly describes aspects of the remedial relationship between right and wrong, it does not generally provide sufficient guidance for understanding what kinds of “relational wrongs” should be redressable by tort in the first instance.
Risky drinking and other drug use in adults with chronic conditions in the United States: differential associations by race/ethnicity
Authors: Cook Won Kim , Kerr William C , Tam Christina C , Li Libo
Published: June 2023

Co-use of multiple drugs may prolong or increase heavy drinking, even for individuals with health conditions adversely affected by it. Patterns of alcohol and drug use may vary across racial/ethnic groups, with differential implications for health. This study examines racial/ethnic differences in the associations between risky drinking and other drug use in adults with diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, or cancer. Multiple logistic regression modeling, stratified by condition, was performed using a nationally representative sample of adults drawn from the 2015 to 2019 National Survey on Drug and Health. The outcome was risky drinking (consuming more than 7/14 drinks weekly). Other drugs considered were tobacco, marijuana, illicit drugs, and non-medical prescription drugs. Covariates included age, sex, education, income, marital/cohabitation status, health insurance coverage, and self-rated health status. Each drug category was positively associated with risky drinking across all four conditions. Racial/ethnic minority adults were less likely than White adults to engage in risky drinking, with this pattern most consistent for those with hypertension. Other drug use in minority adults (i.e. tobacco and illicit drug use in Black and Hispanic adults, and marijuana and prescription drug use in Asian adults) was associated with disproportionately greater odds of risky drinking compared with White adults. This pattern was more prominent for those with a heart condition, and not found for those with cancer. Future interventions might address co-use of alcohol and other drugs in adults with chronic conditions, with special attention to racial/ethnic minority adults.
Pathological staging in postneoadjuvant pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer: implications for adjuvant therapy
Authors: Maggino Laura , Malleo Giuseppe , Crippa Stefano , Belfiori Giulio , Bannone Elisa , Lionetto Gabriella , Gasparini Giulia , Nobile Sara , Luchini Claudio , Mattiolo Paola , Schiavo-Lena Marco , Doglioni Claudio , Scarpa Aldo , Ferrone Cristina , Bassi Claudio , Fernández-del Castillo Carlos , Falconi Massimo , Salvia Roberto
Published: June 2023

Background

It is unclear whether pathological staging is significant prognostically and can inform the delivery of adjuvant therapy after pancreatectomy preceded by neoadjuvant therapy.

Methods

This multicentre retrospective study included patients who underwent pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant treatment at two Italian centres between 2013 and 2017. T and N status were assigned in accordance with the seventh and eighth editions of the AJCC staging system, as well as according to a modified system with T status definition combining extrapancreatic invasion and tumour size. Patients were then stratified by receipt of adjuvant therapy. Survival analysis and multivariable interaction analysis of adjuvant therapy with pathological parameters were performed. The results were validated in an external cohort from the USA.

Results

The developmental set consisted of 389 patients, with a median survival of 34.6 months. The modified staging system displayed the best prognostic stratification and the highest discrimination (C-index 0.763; 1-, 2- and 3-year time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) 0.746, 0.722, and 0.705; Uno’s AUC 0.710). Overall, 67.0 per cent of patients received adjuvant therapy. There was no survival difference by receipt of adjuvant therapy (35.0 versus 36.0 months; P = 0.772). After multivariable adjustment, interaction analysis suggested a benefit of adjuvant therapy for patients with nodal metastases or with tumours larger than 2 cm with extrapancreatic extension, regardless of nodal status. These results were confirmed in the external cohort of 216 patients.

Conclusion

Modified staging with a T status definition combining extrapancreatic invasion and tumour size is associated with better prognostic segregation after postneoadjuvant pancreatectomy. This system allows identification of patients who might benefit from adjuvant therapy.
Operationalizing inclusion: moving from an elusive goal to strategic action
Authors: Aysola Jaya , Murdock H Moses , Lett Elle , Williams Corey , Wade Jr Roy , Higginbotham Eve J
Published: June 2023

To mitigate the structural and institutional biases that contribute to inequities in health, we need a diverse cadre of individuals to feel included and advance within our field in order to bring a multicultural set of perspectives to the studies we conduct, the science we generate, the health and academic systems we design, and the medical and scientific knowledge we impart. There has been increasing focus on diversity, inclusion, and equity in recent years; however, often these terms are presented without adequate precision and, therefore, the inability to effectively operationalize inclusion and achieve diversity within organizations. This narrative review details several key studies, with the primary objective of presenting a roadmap to guide defining, measuring, and operationalizing inclusion within work and learning environments.
Proximity to refugee accommodations does not affect locals’ attitudes toward refugees: evidence from Germany
Authors: Schmidt Katja , Jacobsen Jannes , Iglauer Theresa
Published: June 2023

With the so-called ‘long summer of migration’ of 2015, there was an urgent need to accommodate many refugees in Germany. This situation was framed as a ‘refugee reception crisis’, and it revealed diametrically opposed stances within German society. Within this debate, anti-refugee sentiment is often explained with the placement of nearby refugee reception facilities. Conclusive evidence of this claim is yet missing. Most studies dealing with refugee immigration and attitudes toward refugees lack of appropriate geo-data to test this assumption. We fill this empirical gap by employing novel data on refugee reception facilities in Germany, including exact geo-location, and combine it with the geo-locations of households participating in the German Socio-Economic Panel. Drawing on group threat and contact theory, we report a solid null effect and conclude that the placement of reception facilities does not influence locals’ attitudes toward refugees.