bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preclinical and Clinical Therapeutic Strategies Affecting Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Degroote H. , Van Dierendonck A. , Geerts A. , Van Vlierberghe H. , Devisscher L.
Published: October 2018

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) most often develops in patients with underlying liver disease characterized by chronic nonresolving inflammation. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most abundant immune cell populations within the tumoral microenvironment. As key actors of cancer-related inflammation, they promote tumor growth by suppression of effective anticancer immunity, stimulation of angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Therefore, they have become an attractive and promising target for immunotherapy. The heterogeneity of TAM subtypes and their origin and dynamic phenotype during the initiation and progression of HCC has been partially unraveled and forms the base for the development of therapeutic agents. Current approaches are aimed at decreasing the population of TAMs by depleting macrophages present in the tumor, blocking the recruitment of bone marrow-derived monocytes, and/or functionally reprogramming TAMs to antitumoral behavior. In this review, the preclinical evolution and hitherto clinical trials for TAM-targeted therapy in HCC will be highlighted.
Crystalline Swelling Process of Mg‐Exchanged Montmorillonite: Effect of External Environmental Solicitation
Authors: Ammar Marwa , Oueslati Walid
Published: October 2018

This work reports characterization of the possible effects that might distress the hydration properties of Mg‐exchanged low‐charge montmorillonite (SWy‐2) when it undergoes external environmental solicitation. This perturbation was created by an alteration of relative humidity rates (i.e., RH%) over two hydration‐dehydration cycles with different sequence orientations. Structural characterization is mainly based on the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) profile‐modeling approach achieved by comparing the “in situ” obtained experimental 00l reflections with other ones calculated from theoretical models. This method allows assessing the evolution of the interlayer water retention mechanism and the progress of diverse hydration state’s contributions versus external strain. Obtained results prove that the hydration behavior of the studied materials is strongly dependent on the RH sequence orientation which varied over cycles. The interlayer organization of Mg‐exchanged montmorillonite (i.e., SWy‐2‐Mg) is characterized by a heterogeneous hydration behavior, which is systematically observed at different stages of both cycles. By comparing the interlayer water process evolution of Mg‐exchanged montmorillonite with the observed SWy‐2‐Ni sample hydration behaviors, a same hysteresis thickness characterized by obvious fluctuations of interlayer water molecule abundances is observed. Nevertheless, in the case of Hg and Ba‐saturated montmorillonite, the retention water process versus the applied cycles was steadier comparing with Mg ions.
Environmental and Life-Style Related Risk Factors for Sinonasal and Nasopharyngeal Malignancies among a Prospective Cohort in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Adoga Adeyi A. , Kokong Daniel D. , Nimkur Tonga L. , Ma’an Nuhu D.
Published: October 2018

Background. Worldwide evidence indicates that environmental and life-style related factors are associated with increased risk for cancers in the head and neck region. We aim to study the association between these risk factors and cancers in the sinonasal and nasopharyngeal regions in our environment. Methods. Longitudinal prospective cohort study at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria. Risk exposures were classified based on the International Agency for the Research on Cancer (IARC) classification of suspected carcinogens. Associations between variables were analyzed using logistic regression. Results. We studied 44 patients with malignancies in nasopharynx (n= 24; 54.5%) and sinonasal regions (n= 20; 45.5%). Male to female ratio is 1.9:1 and mean age is 45.2 years. Alcohol was the commonest risk factor in males (n= 19; 43.2%) while cooking wood fumes were the commonest in females (n= 14; 31.8%) which was associated with increased risk for malignancies for all sites, showing ten times risk in nasal cancers (OR= 9.67; 95% CI 1.87- 9.88; p= 0.01). Tobacco was associated with elevated risk of malignancies in the nasomaxillary and nasal regions. Other risks were herbicides, pesticides, and chemical fertilizers in farmers. Conclusion. The significant risk exposures in females were cooking wood fumes and alcohol, tobacco, and exposure to agricultural chemicals in males. Life-style modification and environmental changes to ensure clean air in Nigeria are essential to reduce risks.
A Modified Fourier–Ritz Formulation for Vibration Analysis of Arbitrarily Restrained Rectangular Plate with Cutouts
Authors: Liu Yiming , Lin Zhuang , Ding Hu , Jin Guoyong , Yan Sensen
Published: October 2018

A modified Fourier–Ritz method is developed for the flexural and in‐plane vibration analysis of plates with two rectangular cutouts with arbitrary boundary conditions, aiming to provide a unified solving process for cases that the plate has various locations or sizes of cutout, and different kinds of boundary conditions. Under the current framework, modifying the position of the cutout or the boundary conditions of the plate is just as changing the geometric parameters of the plate, and there is no need to change the solution procedures. The arbitrary boundary conditions can be obtained by setting the stiffness constant of the boundary springs which are fixed uniformly along the edges of the plate at proper values. The strain and kinetic energy functions of a plate with rectangular cutout are derived in detail. The convergence and accuracy of the present method are demonstrated by comparing the present results with those obtained from the FEM software. In this paper, free in‐plane and flexural vibration characteristics of the plate with rectangular cutout under general boundary conditions are studied. From the results, it can be found that the geometric parameters and positions of the cutout and the boundary conditions of the plate will obviously influence the natural vibration characteristics of the structures.
Cancers Potentially Preventable through Excess Weight Reduction in Germany in 2010
Authors: Wienecke Antje , Neuhauser Hannelore , Kraywinkel Klaus , Barnes Benjamin
Published: October 2018

Objective: In order to quantify the preventive potential of body weight reduction in Germany, population-attributable risks (PARs) were estimated for 13 cancer types. Methods: PARs were calculated using body weight prevalence from a nationwide survey from 1998, cancer incidence estimates for 2010 from cancer registry data and relative risk estimates from published meta-analyses. Three counterfactual scenarios were evaluated: reducing BMI to maximally 21 kg/m² (main analysis) and weight reductions among overweight and obese persons of 5% and 10%. Results: An estimated 9% of all incident cancer cases in Germany - 40,748 cases - could be attributed to excess body weight in 2010. The highest proportions were estimated for endometrial cancer (48%) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (48% for women, 46% for men). The largest case numbers were estimated for postmenopausal breast (9,081 cases), colorectal (8,002 cases among men, 3,297 cases among women) and endometrial cancer (5,468 cases). The additional counterfactual scenarios suggested that weight reductions of 5% and 10% could prevent 5,572 cases and 11,427 cases, respectively. Conclusions: In Germany there is a considerable preventive potential for cancers associated with excess body weight. Efforts to prevent further weight gain and encourage weight loss should be promoted.
Chronische Prurigo: eine ungewöhnliche Manifestation des Hodgkin-Lymphoms
Authors: Dumont Shireen , Péchère Marc , Toutous Trellu Laurence
Published: October 2018

Hintergrund: Prurigo nodularis ist eine Krankheit unbekannten Ursprungs, die durch papulonoduläre Effloreszenzen und starken Juckreiz charakterisiert ist. Hodgkin-Lymphome manifestieren sich anfänglich oft mit unspezifischen Symptomen. Eine Assoziation zwischen systemischen malignen Erkrankungen und kutanen Manifestationen ist schon seit Langem dokumentiert. Wir berichten hier über einen Fall von Prurigo nodularis als Erstmanifestation eines Hodgkin-Lymphoms. Fall: Eine 35-jährige Frau stellte sich mit seit 2 Jahren bestehendem Pruritus vor. Nachdem zunächst Wanzen als Ursache diagnostiziert wurden, der Pruritus jedoch auch nach Bekämpfung der Insekten anhielt, kamen papulonoduläre Läsionen hinzu, die dem Bild einer chronischen Prurigo entsprachen. Juckreiz und Schmerzen sprachen auf keine Behandlung an. Die Patientin hatte keine einschlägige Vorgeschichte bzw. lagen auch keine früheren klinischen und radiologischen Untersuchungsergebnisse oder Laborbefunde vor. Eine Lymphadenopathie wurde 2 Jahre nach dem Auftreten der ersten Symptome entdeckt. Eine Lymphknotenbiopsie ergab ein nodulär-sklerosierendes Hodgkin-Lymphom. Eine Chemotherapie wurde eingeleitet, und die Hautläsionen gingen zurück. Schlussfolgerung: Der hier beschriebene Fall einer chronischen Prurigo als erstem Anzeichen einer systemischen malignen Erkrankung unterstreicht, wie wichtig es ist, bei diesen Patienten sowohl anfangs als auch im gesamten Verlauf bei der Diagnose systematisch vorzugehen, insbesondere wenn durch die Behandlung keine Besserung der Beschwerden eintritt. Unser Fall könnte die Rolle der Bildgebung im Management und Follow-up der persistierenden Prurigo nodularis in Frage stellen. Übersetzung aus Case Rep Dermatol 2018;10:122-126 (DOI: 10.1159/000489161)
Perioperative Hypotensive Crisis in an Adolescent with a Pancreatic VIPoma and MEN1-Gene Variant
Authors: Acosta-Gualandri Alejandra , Kao Kung-Ting , Wong Tiffany , Webber Eric , Armstrong Linlea , Panagiotopoulos Constadina
Published: October 2018

Background: Vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumours (VIPomas) lead to high-volume secretory diarrhoea with hypokalaemia, as well as hyperglycaemia and hypercalcaemia. Diagnosis is often delayed. Case Description: We present a 13-year-old girl with a distal pancreatic VIPoma diagnosed on her second hospital presentation who became severely hypotensive on anaesthetic induction prior to tumour removal, likely due to the vasodilatory effect of supraphysiological VIP levels. Prior to the second surgical attempt, an octreotide infusion was started preoperatively to suppress systemic VIP levels and counter the potential for VIP-induced hypotension upon tumour manipulation, and the tumour was successfully resected. Hyperparathyroidism and history of GI tumour resection were subsequently identified in the father, and the two members were found to have a heterozygous variant of uncertain significance in the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene. However, as this family meets the diagnostic criteria for MEN1 clinically, ongoing surveillance for MEN1 tumours and genetic counseling for at-risk family members are required despite the non-pathogenic genetic result. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of screening for a VIPoma in patients with high-volume secretory diarrhoea and preventing cardiovascular complications with perioperative VIP suppression. Furthermore, careful interpretation of genetic results within the clinical context is required.
Circulating miR-421 Targeting Leucocytic Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 Is Elevated in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Trojanowicz Bogusz , Imdahl Thomas , Ulrich Christof , Fiedler Roman , Girndt Matthias
Published: October 2018

Background: Decreased levels of leucocytic angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) relate to atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recently, micro RNA 421 (miR-421) was found to target and down-regulate ACE2 in human cardiac myofibroblasts. In this study, we investigated the correlation between serum levels of miR-421 and ACE2 transcripts in circulating leukocytes of healthy individuals (NP), CKD (3–5) and haemodialysis (HD) patients. Furthermore, we tested the possible interaction between miR-421 and 3′-UTR of ACE2 under normal and uremic milieu. Methods: The levels of circulating miR-421, serum Ang1–7 and expression of leucocytic ACE2, ACE, MASR, AT1R and AT2R were investigated in 16 CKD3–5 (76 ± 10 years), 32 HD patients (65 ± 13 years) and 23 NP (51 ± 5 years) by employment of specific primers, TaqMan and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assays. Interaction between miR-421 and ACE2–3′-UTR was investigated on THP-1 cells by employment of normal and uremic sera, reporter vectors and miR-421 inhibitor. Effects of uremic toxins indoxyl sulphate, p-cresol and p-cresyl sulphate on ACE2 and miR-421 levels were investigated in THP-1 monocytes. Results: The levels of serum miR-421 were significantly elevated, while Ang1–7 was significantly decreased in CKD3–5 and HD patients as compared with NP. Serum Ang1–7 correlated positively with leucocytic ACE2 (r2 = 0.213, p < 0.001). We found a significant and inverse correlation between the levels of circulating miR-421 and the expression of leucocytic ACE2 (r2 = 0.223, p < 0.0001). Further significant and positive correlations could be demonstrated between miR-421 and the transcripts of leucocytic AT1R (r2 = 0.094, p < 0.05) or eGFR (r2 = 0.231, p < 0.0001) or CRP (r2 = 0.092, p < 0.01). We found no correlations between miR-421 and ACE or AT2R or MASR expression. Treatment with miR-421 or uremic serum led to noticeable decrease of reporter 3′UTR-ACE2. Anti-miR-421 treatment resulted in the up-regulation of ACE2 protein. All uremic toxins tested were able to significantly elevate miR-421 levels and decrease the monocytic ACE2 transcripts. Conclusions: Uremic patients show an enhanced expression of serum miR-421 as compared to healthy individuals. A strong association of circulating miR-421 with decreased transcripts of ACE2 may contribute to the low expression of the enzyme in leukocytes of CKD patients, further supporting the development of atherosclerotic events.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Qiao Xiao-Feng , Li Xin , Wang Guo-Ping , Bai Yin-Huan , Zheng Wei , Li Tong-Li
Published: October 2018

Objective: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a common acute disease with an incidence of 0.5–2/10,000. This study aimed to determine whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) could be indicators for SSNHL. Methods: A total of 60 confirmed cases of SSNHL and 60 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Peripheral blood NLRs and PLRs were compared between these groups. The SSNHL patients were divided into two groups, according to therapeutic effect: an effective group and an ineffective group. Peripheral blood NLRs and PLRs before and after treatment were compared between these two groups. Results: The average NLRs and PLRs of these patients were both significantly higher than in controls. The average NLRs and PLRs of the ineffective group were both significantly higher than those of the effective group. Conclusion: Peripheral blood NLR and PLR could be used as a convenient, reliable, and cost-effective indicator to predict the prognosis of SSNHL.
Endospanin 1 Determines the Balance of Leptin-Regulated Hypothalamic Functions
Authors: Roujeau Clara , Jockers Ralf , Dam Julie
Published: October 2018

Endospanin 1 (Endo1), a protein encoded in humans by the same gene than the leptin receptor (ObR), and increased by diet-induced obesity, is an important regulator of ObR trafficking and cell surface exposure, determining leptin signaling strength. Defective intracellular trafficking of the leptin receptor to the neuronal plasma membrane has been proposed as a mechanism underlying the development of leptin resistance observed in human obesity. More recently, Endo1 has emerged as a mediator of “selective leptin resistance.” The underlying mechanisms of the latter are not completely understood, but the possibility of differential activation of leptin signaling pathways was suggested among others. In this respect, the expression level of Endo1 is crucial for the appropriate balance between different leptin signaling pathways and leptin functions in the hypothalamus and is likely participating in selective leptin resistance for the control of energy and glucose homeostasis.
Sexual Behavior: From Hormonal Regulation to Endocrine Disruption
Authors: Mhaouty-Kodja Sakina , Naulé Lydie , Capela Daphné
Published: October 2018

Sexual behavior constitutes a chain of behavioral responses beginning with courtship and leading to copulation. These responses, which are exhibited in a sexually dimorphic manner by the two partners, are tightly regulated by sex steroid hormones as early as the perinatal period. Hormonal changes or exposure to exogenous factors exhibiting hormone-mimetic activities, such as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC), can therefore interfere with their expression. Here we review the experimental studies in rodents performed to address the potential effects of exposure to EDC on sexual behavior and underlying mechanisms, with particular attention to molecules with estrogenic and/or anti-androgenic activities.
Prognostic Impact of Multiple Prior Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Biancari Fausto , Dalén Magnus , Ruggieri Vito G. , Demal Till , Gatti Giuseppe , Onorati Francesco , Faggian Giuseppe , Rubino Antonino S. , Maselli Daniele , Gherli Riccardo , Salsano Antonio , Saccocci Matteo , Santarpino Giuseppe , Nicolini Francesco , Tauriainen Tuomas , De Feo Marisa , Airaksinen Juhani , Rosato Stefano , Perrotti Andrea , Mariscalco Giovanni
Published: October 2018

Background

Multiple percutaneous coronary interventions (
PCIs
) are considered determinant of poor outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (
CABG
), but scarce data exist to substantiate this.

Methods and Results

Patients who underwent
CABG
without history of prior
PCI
or with
PCI
performed >30 days before surgery were selected for the present analysis from the prospective, multicenter E‐CABG (European Multicenter Study on Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting) registry. Out of 6563 patients with data on preoperative
SYNTAX
(Synergy between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) score, 1181 patients (18.0%) had undergone
PCI
>30 days before
CABG
. Of these, 11.6% underwent a single
PCI
, 4.4% 2
PCI
s, and 2.1% ≥3
PCI
s.
PCI
of a single main coronary vessel was performed in 11.3%, of 2 main vessels in 4.9%, and of 3 main vessels in 1.6% of patients. Multivariable analysis showed that differences in early mortality and other outcomes were not significantly different in the study cohorts. The adjusted hospital/30‐day mortality rate was 1.8% in patients without history of prior
PCI
, 1.9% in those with a history of 1
PCI
, 1.4% after 2
PCI
s, and 2.5% after ≥3
PCI
s (adjusted
P
=0.8). The adjusted hospital/30‐day mortality rate was 2.0% in those who had undergone
PCI
of 1 main coronary vessel, 1.3% after
PCI
of 2 main vessels, and 3.1% after
PCI
of 3 main coronary vessels (adjusted
P
=0.6).

Conclusions

Multiple prior
PCI
s are not associated with increased risk of early adverse events in patients undergoing isolated
CABG
. The present results are conditional to survival after
PCI
and should not be viewed as a support for a policy of multiple
PCI
as opposed to earlier
CABG
.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.Clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02319083.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Among Patients With Prior Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Kahlon Ravi S. , Armstrong Ehrin J.
Published: October 2018

See Article by
Biancari et al
.
Divergent Approaches Regulating Beta Agonists and Cloning of Animals for Food: USA and European Union
Authors: Centner Terence J. , Petetin Ludivine
Published: October 2018

Technologies being used to produce nonhuman animals who are used for meat and dairy products are viewed by some people as meaningful. Two technologies receiving scrutiny in agriculture are beta agonists that are fed to food animals to improve weight gain and cloning animals to secure offspring with specific traits. The technologies enhance the productive capacities of animals so that fewer resources are needed to produce meat and dairy products. Yet consumers are not sure they want food products with beta agonist residues and that are produced from clones. In overseeing the safety of food products and animals, legislators and regulators in the United States (US) and European Union (EU) have developed contrasting provisions regarding the usage of these technologies. An evaluation of heuristics involving information and experiences with bovine spongiform encephalopathy and animal production technologies offers support in explaining the US’s and EU’s divergent provisions.
Ecclesiology and Ethnography: An Unresolved Relationship
Authors: Avis Paul
Published: October 2018

This article undertakes a critical exploration of the current relationship between ecclesiology and ‘ecclesial ethnography’. It begins by proposing that ecclesiology should be a realistic, critical and practical discipline and that in these respects it can learn from ethnographical principles. It goes on to raise some questions about how the relationship between ecclesial ethnography and ecclesiology is presented in some recent literature, pointing out instances of over-drawn distinctions, exaggerated claims and methodological naivety. It concludes by affirming the vital role of ethnographical study to the overall theological investigation of the church and suggests that this would be strengthened if the weaknesses mentioned above were addressed.
Kazakh Land, China Capital: Exporting China’s Project System to External Geographies
Authors: Kenderdine Tristan
Published: October 2018

China’s Belt and Road geoindustrial policy is dependent on upgrading transport logistics throughout the Middle East and the former Soviet Republics of Central Asia. However, the key International Capacity Cooperation policy also aims to move industrial plants abroad in support of China’s wider import strategy. Planning this industrial offshoring not only requires significant domestic industrial policy governance coordination, with policy being formed at the center and transmitted to lower levels of China’s administrative hierarchy, but also involves traversing largely unmapped policy territory, namely international multilevel governance cooperation with host countries in Central Asia. Taking the International Capacity Cooperation policy as its focus, this paper examines China’s geoeconomic industrial policy in Kazakhstan, arguing that greater public administration interdependence is needed to develop China’s foreign policy into genuine regional economic cooperation.
Notes on Carex (Cyperaceae) from China (V): new species, combination and subspecies from Zhejiang
Authors: LU YI-FEI , JIN XIAO-FENG
Published: October 2018

Recent fieldwork in the Chinese province of Zhejiang revealed new insights into the taxonomy of the genus Carex in this area. Carex honglinii, a new species of Carex sect. Confertiflorae, is described. It differs from C. pseudodispalata in having perigynia broadly obovoid, contracted into a ca. 0.5‒0.7 mm long beak at the apex, and staminate scales acuminate. Carex nemostachys var. subglabra (sect. Confertiflorae) is raised to specific rank and combined as C. subglabra. Eventually, a new subspecies of Carex scopulus (subsp. aristata; sect. Mitratae) is described. This new subspecies differs from the type subspecies in having pistillate scales with a 1‒4 mm long apical scabrous awn, and leaves 1.5‒2.5 wide.
Passiflora bernaccii (Passifloraceae s.s.), a new species from Acre, Brazil
Authors: MEZZONATO-PIRES ANA CAROLINA
Published: October 2018

Passiflora bernaccii is described and illustrated here as a new species belonging to P. subgenus Astrophea section Pseudoastrophea from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest. The new species has similarities with P. hexagonocarpa, P. rhamnifolia and P. tessmannii, but differs mainly by the shape of the outer filaments of the corona, shape of the operculum and presence of trochlea. Palynological support for the classification is also discussed.
Description of a new genus and two new species of Anacolini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae) from South America
Authors: GALILEO MARIA HELENA M. , KOMIYA ZIRO , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO
Published: October 2018

A new genus, Homoeomyzo gen. nov. and new species H. katsurai sp. nov. are described from Venezuela. A new species Oideterus birai sp. nov. is described from Colombia. The new genus is included in a previously published key and a key to males of Oideterus is provided.
Upscale Impact of Mesoscale Disturbances of Tropical Convection on 2-Day Waves
Authors: Yang Qiu , Majda Andrew J.
Published: October 2018

Westward-propagating 2-day waves with embedded mesoscale disturbances contribute a large portion of synoptic variability of tropical convection over the western Pacific. It is of crucial importance to assess the upscale impact on 2-day waves of these mesoscale disturbances that propagate at various tilt angles. Also, it will be informative to consider the upscale impact on both symmetric and asymmetric 2-day waves in terms of convection, morphology of circulation, and tropical cyclogenesis. A simple multiscale asymptotic model is used to simulate the two-scale structure of 2-day waves. The synoptic-scale circulation response is driven by westward-propagating mean heating and eddy transfer of momentum and temperature. The latter is interpreted as the upscale impact of mesoscale fluctuations. The upscale impact of mesoscale disturbances that propagate at a tilt angle between 315° and 45° induces low-level negative potential temperature anomalies and westerly inflow. Shallow congestus convection triggered in a moist environment at the leading edge of the 2-day waves supports the westward propagation. For asymmetric 2-day waves in the Northern Hemisphere, the upscale impact of mesoscale disturbances propagating at a tilt angle between 315° and 0° induces lower-tropospheric cyclonic flows and negative pressure perturbation. This provides a new mechanism to precondition tropical cyclogenesis. A comparison of the upscale impact on symmetric westward-propagating 2-day waves and eastward-propagating convectively coupled Kelvin waves shows that their tilt angle ranges with favorable conditions for convection and enhanced inflow are simply opposite.
Comparison of Cloud Microphysics Schemes in a Warn-on-Forecast System Using Synthetic Satellite Objects
Authors: Jones Thomas A. , Skinner Patrick , Knopfmeier Kent , Mansell Edward , Minnis Patrick , Palikonda Rabindra , Smith William
Published: October 2018

Forecasts of high-impact weather conditions using convection-allowing numerical weather prediction models have been found to be highly sensitive to the selection of cloud microphysics scheme used within the system. The Warn-on-Forecast (WoF) project has developed a rapid-cycling, convection-allowing, data assimilation and forecasting system known as the NSSL Experimental WoF System for ensembles (NEWS-e), which is designed to utilize advanced cloud microphysics schemes. NEWS-e currently (2017–18) uses the double-moment NSSL variable density scheme (NVD), which has been shown to generate realistic representations of convective precipitation within the system. However, very little verification on nonprecipitating cloud features has been performed with this system. During the 2017 Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) experiment, an overestimation of the areal coverage of convectively generated cirrus clouds was observed. Changing the cloud microphysics scheme to Thompson generated more accurate cloud fields. This research undertook the task of improving the cloud analysis generated by NVD while maintaining its skill for other variables such as reflectivity. Adjustments to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), fall speed, and collection efficiencies were made and tested over a set of six severe weather cases occurring during May 2017. This research uses an object-based verification approach in which objects of cold infrared brightness temperatures, high cloud-top pressures, and cloud water path are generated from model output and compared against GOES-13 observations. Results show that the modified NVD scheme generated much more skillful forecasts of cloud objects than the original formulation without having a negative impact on the skill of simulated composite reflectivity forecasts.
Profoundly Gifted Students’ Perceptions of Virtual Classrooms
Authors: Potts Jessica Alison
Published: October 2018

The intent of this case study is to understand profoundly gifted students’ perceptions of virtual programs. The participants for this study were five profoundly gifted students who were enrolled in a fully virtual writing course hosted by a school that serves the profoundly gifted population. The researcher gathered data via asynchronous focus groups on an online discussion board, observations of synchronous sessions in their virtual classroom, and individual interviews with the participants. The participants reported a preference for frequent interactions with classmates and the instructor, but expressed concern about the lack of social opportunities. While technical difficulties did occur, these were mostly due to operator error or disuse of available tools. Finally, in terms of curriculum and pedagogy, the participants saw little difference between brick-and-mortar and virtual classrooms, suggesting that for profoundly gifted students, the quality of the content and instruction outweighs the realities of the learning environment. This information can be used either to improve online gifted education, or create new programs, thus diversifying opportunities.
Industry Payments to Physicians and Prescriptions of Brand‐Name Proton‐Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Morse Elliot , Fujiwara Rance J. T. , Mehra Saral
Published: October 2018

Objective

To characterize the association between industry payments and prescriptions of 2 brand‐name proton‐pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Study Design

Cross‐sectional retrospective.

Setting

Physicians nationwide.

Subjects and Methods

We identified all physicians receiving industry payments for Dexilant and Nexium 2014‐2015 from the Open Payments database. We linked this to records of prescriptions for PPIs paid for by Medicare Part D these same years and compared the proportion of prescriptions written for Dexilant and Nexium in industry‐compensated vs nonindustry compensated physicians. The number and dollar amount of payments were associated with the rate of drug prescriptions.

Results

We identified 254,452 physicians prescribing PPIs; 8586 and 2766 physicians received industry payments for Dexilant and Nexium, respectively. A total of 5052 of 7876 (64%) physicians compensated for Dexilant prescribed Dexilant vs 39,778 of 246,571 (16%) noncompensated physicians (P <. 001). For Nexium, 2525 of 2654 (95%) compensated physicians prescribed Nexium, compared to 123,913 of 252,067 (49%) noncompensated physicians. For both Dexilant and Nexium, there was a significant correlation between the number (ρ = 0.22, P <. 001 and ρ = 0.12, P <. 001) and dollar amount (ρ = 0.22, P <. 001 and ρ = 0.13, P <. 001) of payments and the percentage of prescriptions written for the compensated drug. Industry payments for Nexium remained associated with rate of prescription even after generic esomeprazole became available.

Conclusion

Both the number and dollar amount of industry payments were associated with increased prescriptions for both Dexilant and Nexium. Although unable to show causality, this study suggests that industry payments may increase physician prescriptions of costly, brand‐name drugs.
Unusual Dermatologic Toxicity of Long-Term Therapy with Hydroxyurea in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Montefusco Enrico , Alimena Giuliana , Gastaldi Roberta , Carlesimo Onorio A. , Valesini Guido , Mandelli Franco
Published: October 2018

The unusual appearance of extensive skin ulcerations was observed in 17 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia on continuous chemotherapy with hydroxyurea. The strict relationship between ulcers and therapy was proved by the complete (14 cases) or almost complete (3 cases) healing of lesions after therapy was discontinued. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for skin alterations are considered. The particular importance of the continuous hydroxyurea administration modality clearly emerges, suggesting the use of different administration modalities to reduce such serious side effects.
Relationship between Doxorubicin-Induced Ecg Changes and Myocardial Alterations in Rats
Authors: Villani Fabrizio , Monti Elena , Piccinini Francesco , Favalli Luigia , Lanza Enrica , Dionigi Annalinda Rozza , Poggi Paola
Published: October 2018

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dose- and time-dependence of the effect displayed by doxorubicin (DXR) on the electrocardiogram (ECG) and to establish the relationship between structural alterations of the myocardium and ECG changes in rats administered DXR, at a dose of 1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg, every 3 days for a total of three administrations. The most interesting findings consisted of a dose-dependent, but reversible prolongation of the QRS complex, and in a dose-dependent and progressive irreversible increase in QaT and, in particular, in SaT duration. Furthermore, animals treated with the higher DXR dose showed a slight increase in serum K+ concentration and a significant decrease in serum Ca2+ levels. A good correlation was found between the morphologic score indicating the degree of observed tissue damage and SaT prolongation. These results therefore support the usefulness of measuring this ECG parameter for monitoring the development of DXR-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
The Value of Limited Resection for “Clinical” Stage I Peripheral Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Poor-Risk Patients: Comparison of Limited Resection and Lobectomy by a Computer-Assisted Matched Study
Authors: Date Hiroshi , Andou Akio , Shimizu Nobuyoshi
Published: October 2018

Aim

A computer-assisted retrospective matched study was devised to compare limited resection and lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods

Of 353 patients undergoing operation for “clinical” stage I peripheral non-small cell lung cancer, 16 patients undergoing limited resection (because of poor risk) could be matched satisfactorily with 16 patients undergoing lobectomy (as a standard procedure) on the basis of age, sex, histology, tumor location, and tumor size with computer assistance.

Results

No hospital death was observed in the 32 patients. Three of the 16 limited resection patients (19%) developed local recurrence in the same lobe. The 5-year survival rate was 55.5% for limited resection and 73.7% for lobectomy ( P = not significant). For tumors more than 2.0 cm in diameter, 3-year survival rate was significantly lower in the limited resection group than in the lobectomy group: 34.3% versus 85.7%, P < 0.05. For adenocarcinoma, limited resection seemed to be more unfavorable than lobectomy: 5-year survival rate, 34.3% versus 75.0%, P = 0.07.

Conclusions

Limited resection offered a good survival rate without hospital death for poor-risk patients; however, lobectomy should be performed for good-risk patients.
The Extent of Surgery for Thyroid Medullary Cancer
Authors: Pelizzo Maria Rosa , Bernante Paolo , Piotto Andrea , Toniato Antonio , Girelli Maria Elisa , Busnardo Benedetto , Rupolo Maurizio , Fassina Ambrogio , Pennelli Natale
Published: October 2018

Aims

Evaluation of the impact of the extent of primary surgery and reintervention on the outcome of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Methods

Seventy-two patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) were surgically treated between 1967 and 1992.

Results

Fifty-five cases were sporadic, 5 patients had MEN 2A, 4 MEN 2B syndrome and 8 familial non-MEN MTC; 1 patient had stage I disease, 30 patients stage II, 36 stage III and 5 stage IV. Sixty-four had their initial treatment at our center, and 8 came for subsequent treatment. At first treatment, 8 patients were subjected to partial thyroidectomy, 10 to total thyroidectomy, 53 to total thyroidectomy with neck dissection, and 1 to only radical neck dissection; postoperative serum calcitonin (Ct) levels returned to normal in 3, 6 and 27 patients, respectively. In the patient with only radical neck dissection, Ct levels remained elevated. No patient with Ct normalization after surgery became responsive to pentagastrin in the follow-up. Thirteen patients had a reoperation due to nodal relapse. At a mean follow-up of 5.7 years (6-252 months), the 10-year survival rate was 84.5% with a significant difference between patients under and over 40 years of age (96.4 vs 57%), between stage I-II (100%) and stage III, IV (83.8%, 0% respectively). At the last follow-up, 36 (50%) patients were alive and disease free and 26 were alive with disease (15 with distant metastases). Of the 10 deaths, 7 were due to tumor recurrence, 3 to 120 months after surgery.

Conclusions

Data suggest that an earlier diagnosis rather than more extensive surgery could improve survival and reduce recurrences. However, the least treatment required is total thyroidectomy plus central neck and upper mediastinum clearance and in addition, according to the extent of nodal involvement, mono- or bilateral neck dissection. To avoid ineffective reoperation due to distant (mainly liver) micro-metastases, persistent residual microscopic disease requires a more aggressive restaging.
Mediastinal Haematoma Caused by Subclavian Catheterisation for Haemodialysis
Authors: Masud T. , Tapson J.S.
Published: October 2018

A 59 year old woman developed a mediastinal haematoma after placement of a subclavian haemodialysis catheter. Vascular perforation by the guide wire used during catheterisation was the probable cause. The use of guide wires with a flexible J-shaped terminal portion is recommended to minimise this risk.
Oxalate Bone Disease - an Emerging Form of Renal Osteodystrophy
Authors: Brady H.R. , Fay W.P. , Meema H.E. , Rabinovich S. , Rapoport A. , Oreopoulos D.G.
Published: October 2018

Rosette-like arrays of highly birefringent calcium oxalate crystals are commonly seen in the marrow space of bone biopsy specimens taken from patients with primary hyperoxaluria, particularly if complicated by renal failure. Similar deposits have been described in chronic hemodialysis patients with secondary forms of oxalosis. Large multinucleated histiocytes may be seen surrounding these crystal deposits. Many of these cells are histologically indistinguishable from osteoclasts. We present a patient in whom this histiocytic reaction appeared to be of sufficient magnitude to stimulate bone resorption and to cause severe osteodystrophy. This observation, and those of other investigators reviewed in the discussion, suggest that oxalate deposition within bone may contribute to the pathogenesis of uremic osteodystrophy in chronic renal failure patients with primary or secondary types of oxalosis.
Metabolic CO2 Removal by Dialysis: THAM vs NaOH Infusion
Authors: Gille J.P. , Saunier C. , Schrijen F. , Hartemann D. , Tousseul B.
Published: October 2018

New methods of respiratory support are needed to reduce the high mortality rate of acute respiratory failure. To simplify the procedures of extracorporeal CO2 elimination under apneic oxygenation, one approach is to replace the membrane lung by a hemodialyzer and to administer an alkali, since hemodialysis requires a lower blood flow rate than blood-gas exchange. This study compared the effectiveness of trishydroxymethyl aminomethane (THAM) and NaOH in this procedure. Twelve male Anglo-Poitevin dogs (25 to 33 kg) were anesthetized, curarized and mechanically hypoventilated (&Vdot;E = 41% of the control value). After not less than 15 min, a venovenous shunt was used for dialysis with blood flow of 7-10 ml. min.-1kg-1 for at least 8 hours. The dialysate contained no acetate, bicarbonate or lactate, but was alkalinized to a pH of 8-9 by the addition of NaOH. A solution of THAM (0.5 N) was infused into the right heart at the rate of 0.30 ml.min.-1kg-1 in six animals, and NaOH (0.15 N) was infused in the other six at the rate of 0.80 ml.min.-1 kg-1. The injected volumes were compensated for by an equivalent amount of ultrafiltration. Elimination of CO2 (mean †CO2 = 2.3 ml.min.-1kg-1) was the same with both methods and the difference for the electrolytes and acid-base equilibrium was only very small. However, hemolysis was six times greater with NaOH than with THAM. Despite ultrafiltration, a similar marked weight gain was observed from the second hour of the experiment in the NaOH series, but only after 7 hours with THAM. It thus appears that hemodialysis combined with alkalinisation is still too complex a procedure to be safely applied in acute or chronic pulmonary failure
Experiments for the Partial Replacement of the Wall of the Urinary Bladder with Homotransplants
Authors: Magasi P. , Csontai Á. , Ruszinkó B.
Published: October 2018

Experiments were made in 27 female dogs to investigate morphological changes of particles excised from the urinary bladder wall of an experimental animal and transplanted into the identic bladder-part of another. In the course of the experiments, the vertex of the bladder was removed with 50 per cent of the bladder, or the anterior wall of the bladder with the region of the internal orifice. The dissections of the experimental animals were performed during the first week and third month. Microscopic pictures obtained after one week showed the disappearance of the mucous membrane, which appeared again in the 4-5-week preparations. Endeavours to establish smooth muscle as a residue of the transplantate were unsuccessful, likewise proliferation of smooth muscles ensuing from the remaining wall of the bladder could not be observed. Intact smooth muscle elements were seen in one case, when the formation of a rich peritoneal vascular plexus extending towards the transplantate could be observed.
Die Diagnostik Und Therapie Gedeckter Harnblasenverletzungen ()
Authors: Pytel Anton
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung

Die diagnostischen, in erster Linie röntgenologischen Methoden, die bei 67 Patienten mit intra- und extraperitonealen Harnblasenrissen Anwendung fanden, werden analysiert. Besondere Bedeutung wird der aufsteigenden Zystographie zugesprochen, die eine ungefährliche und dabei äusserst wertvolle diagnostische Methode darstellt, welche in 92% der Fälle eine richtige Diagnosenstellung ermöglicht. Die gewaltigen diagnostischen Vorzüge der Zystographie haben überwiegende Bedeutung im Vergleich zu der Möglichkeit der Einschleppung einer Infektion bei dieser Untersuchung. Der Verfasser betont, dass das Schicksal der Patienten mit Verletzungen der Harnblase von der maximal frühzeitigen Vornahme eines operative Eingriffs abhängt. Die Mortalität betrug unter den Beobachtungen des Verfassers 28,3%. Bei 72% der Überlebenden wurde die Arbeitsfähigkeit wiederhergestellt.
Infections Des Voies Urinaires Et Grossesse
Authors: Leka-Halliassou D. , Haliassos D. , Papaloukas A. , Zervos S.
Published: October 2018

Sur 200 cas de femmes enceintes étudiées, nous avons constaté un pourcentage élevé (27,1%) des bacteriuries asymptomatiques. L'influence de celle-ci sur le foetus est évidente puisque les nouveaux nés a une proportion de 30,7% presentent un poids corporei réduit à moins de 3.000 gr.
Earlier Onset of Maternal Excess Adiposity Associated with Shorter Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration
Authors: Hawkins Misty A. W. , Colaizzi Janna , Rhoades-Kerswill Sarah , Fry Emily D. , Keirns Natalie G. , Smith Caitlin E.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is recommended; however, women with obesity have lower exclusive breastfeeding rates than their normal weight peers. The impact of the timing of maternal excess adiposity onset is unknown.

Research aim:

We examined whether the timing of onset of excess weight was related to exclusive breastfeeding duration.

Methods:

Snowball sampling was used for the cross-sectional Breastfeeding Opinions, Outcomes, Behaviors, and Services online survey. The sample was 1,570 mothers who reported their breastfeeding and weight history. Exclusive breastfeeding duration (for first biological child only) was calculated in months and dichotomously (0=< 6 months exclusive breastfeeding; 1=⩾ 6 months exclusive breastfeeding). Participants self-reported their excess weight onset (0=before/during puberty or 1=after puberty).

Results:

Analysis of covariance results indicated that earlier onset of excess weight was associated with shorter exclusive breastfeeding ( F (1, 1518) = 11.29, p<.001, η2=.01). Those with excess adiposity onset before or during puberty were 1.6 times more likely to experience exclusive breastfeeding failure (< 6 months exclusive breastfeeding) than those with onset after puberty ( OR = 1.57, β = .46, Wald = 11.81, p = .001).

Conclusion:

Earlier onset of excess adiposity had an adverse influence on exclusive breastfeeding duration. Women with a history of excess adiposity before or during puberty who want to breastfeed may require additional intervention to promote their breastfeeding success.
Stability analysis of a rigid rotor supported by two-lobe hydrodynamic journal bearings operating with a non-Newtonian lubricant
Authors: Yadav Saurabh K , Rajput Arvind K , Ram Nathi , Sharma Satish C
Published: October 2018

In the present work, an investigation has been performed on a rigid rotor supported by two-lobe journal bearings operating with a non-Newtonian lubricant. The governing Reynolds equation for pressure field is solved by using non-linear finite element method. Further to study the dynamic stability of the bearing system, governing equation of motion for the rotor position is solved by fourth order Runge–Kutta method. Bifurcation and Poincaré maps of two-lobe bearings are presented for different values of the non-Newtonian parameter and bearing ellipticity ratio. The numerical results illustrate that the ellipticity of a bearing with a dilatant lubricant improve the stability of the rotordynamic system.
Exposure to Interpersonal Violence During Pregnancy and Its Association With Women’s Prenatal Care Utilization: A Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Jamieson Brittany
Published: October 2018

Inadequate prenatal care utilization has been proposed as a mechanism between exposure to violence during pregnancy and adverse maternal and fetal obstetric outcomes. Adequate prenatal care is important for identifying and treating obstetric complications as they arise and connecting pregnant women to supports and interventions as needed. There is some evidence that pregnant women experiencing relational violence may delay or never enter prenatal care, though this association has not been systematically or quantitatively synthesized. The present meta-analysis investigates the relationship between interpersonal violence during pregnancy and inadequate prenatal care utilization across two dimensions: (1) no prenatal care during gestation ( k = 9) and (2) delayed entry into prenatal care ( k = 25). Studies were identified via comprehensive search of 9 social science and health-related databases and relevant reference lists. Studies were included if (1) participants were human, (2) violence occurred in the context of an interpersonal relationship, (3) abuse occurred during pregnancy (including abuse within 12 months before the time of assessment during pregnancy), (4) the study was empirical, peer-reviewed, and included quantitative data, (5) prenatal care utilization data were available, (6) they were in English, and (7) they were not part of an intervention study. Results from random-effects models found that women abused during pregnancy were more likely to never enter care (odds ratio [ OR] = 2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.55, 4.42]) or to delay care ( OR = 1.81, 95% CI [1.48, 2.23]). Sociodemographic, abuse-related, and methodological factors emerged as moderators. Practice, policy, and research implications are discussed.