bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Sexual Life During Pregnancy
Authors: Kim Yun Mi , Park Young Sook
Published: September 2023

A Pregnancy is the women's normal physiological and developmental process, in which many psychological changes including sexual problems always occur. But there have been few guidelines on sexual life during pregnancy. So this study was performed to evaluate the sexual life of pregnant women, and to analyze the factors affecting satisfaction of sexual life during pregnancy. Questionnaires were given to pregnant women who visited two general hospitals for antenatal care as well as to attendants at a prenatal Lamaze class.The results were as followings : 1) The average age of the 194 pregnant women was 28.5 years ; 98.4% of them had educated more than 12 years. ; the average monthly income was about 15,000,000 won ; primigravida women were 81.4% of the total cases.2) As the pregnancy progressed, the frequency of the sexual intercourses was decreased in 48.5% because of the anxiety on the fetal damages. The was no significant differences between frequency of sexual intercourses and the degrees of physical discomfort and spouse intimacy. Man superior position was taken in 88.1% ; the incidence of orgasms before and during pregnancy were 71.1% and 41.1%, respectively ; the incidence of painful sexual intercourse in primigravida women was decreased by pregnancy in 4.6%, and in the case of multigravida women it was increased in 2.1%.3) The average point of sexual knowledge was 11.5 in total points of 20 ; that of sexual attitude was 29.1 in total points of 40 ; that of sexual satisfaction was 28.5 in perfects points of 40.4) The factors which significantly related to the satisfaction of sexual life were spouse intimacy, sexual attitude, change of sexual body position during pregnancy, and the orgasms before and during pregnancy.Considering above results, nursing care and nursing intervention including sexual education and counselling programs are needed during pregnancy as well as before pregnancy.
The Meaning of Menopause Experienced by Women
Authors: Kim Ae Kyung , Yoo Eun Kwang
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was attempted to understand the substance and meaning of menopause experienced by women through informal interviews with oral consent. The informants were 6 perimenopausal women of 50-55 years old who are executing menopause. Colaizz's analytical method, a type of phenomenological analysis, was used to analyze data recorded by audiotape. One professor and a master's degree student who understand phenomenology, and the one who has a master of arts examined the validity between the meanings composed of the clusters of themes. Findings were turned out to be valid through validation process as the last step. The meaning of menopause implied both 'concept about menopause' and 'menopause as a time of change'. Menopause was mostly considered as cessation of menstruation as a physiological, natural, and normal process by aging. However, some people regarded menopause as a loss of youth and womanhood and lessening of every function of the body. Menopause as the time of changes means 'the period of' 'hormonal changes' such as change of menstruation, hot flushes, perspiration, and palpitation ; 'body function changes' of visual acuity, physical strength, sleeping, digestion, thoughts, bone and joints, skin sensibility, sexual pattern and intelligence ; 'emotional changes' such as anxiety, loneliness, gloominess, and nervousness. Menopause is a turning point on the women's life cycle accompanying various kind of changes and health problems. Therefore it is inevitable to develop strategy helping menopausal women pass through the critical successfully by adapting and coping with their critical period toward the healthy and better quality of life individually rather than putting them all into the standardized hormonal replacement protocol.
Victim's Experiences of Wife-Abuse
Authors: Lee Eun Joo
Published: September 2023

The wife-abuse is a seriously threatening factor with victim's wellbeing and health. This study was performed to analyze the victims' experiences of wife-abuse to prepare the basis of nursing intervention for them. The participants of study were 96 women who counseled with W counselling center for wife-abuse from January 1996 to August 1997 in Cheju. Data were gathered through the unstructured interviews(telephone, face-to-face and letter) by trained 3 members of the center.The collected data were analyzed to reveal the characteristics of wives and husbands, the modes of wife-abuse, the influences of abuse to wives and the coping styles of wives. The modes of wife-abuse were analyzed and classified using the power and control wheel model of Pence et al. The results of study unveiled that the wife-abuse behaviors were used to control the wife physically, sexually, economically, and psychologically and to maintain the abuse situation. We have to understand the dominant regime of our society, ie the patriarchy that controls the women's labor power, production power and personality, to approach the victims' of wife-abuse and to provide the proper nursing interventions for them.
The Influence of Cold Therapy on the Perineal Discomfort and the Healing State of the Postpartum Women
Authors: Shin Hyun Jeong
Published: September 2023

A quasi-experiment, repeated measures design with non-equivalent control group was used to test the influence of cold therapy on the perineal discomfort and the healing state of the postpartum women undergoing vaginal delivery with episiotomy. Experiment was carried out from July 28, through October 2, 1996 with 40 postpartum women conveniently sampled from one university hospital located in Seoul. The 40 postpartum women undergoing vaginal delivery with episiotomy were as signed to experimental and control groups evenly(20 each). The instrument of measurement of perineal discomfort was 0-10 rating scale that was made by researcher and that of perineal healing state was Davidson's REEDA tool. The perineal discomfort and the healing state level were measured before and after each treatment. The treatment using ice glove that was given for the only experimental group was carried out at three points ; as soon as returning to the recovery room, 3 hours after returning to the recovery room and 6 hours after returning to the recovery room. The data was analysed by using t-test, chi-square test to determine the similarity between experimental and control groups. The hypotheses were tested using repeated measures ANOVA. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The first hypothesis that the perineal discomfort level of the experimental group will be significantly lower than that of the control group(df(1,38), F=24.12, p=.0001) was supported.2. The second hypothesis that the perineal healing state of the experimental group wil be better than that of the control group(df(1,38), F=0.48, p=.49) was not supported. Based on the results of this study, could therapy was turned out to have significant effect on the perineal discomfort of the postpartum women undergoing vaginal delivery with episiotomy.
A Correlational Study on the level of Importance & performance of postpartal Care and its Relationship with Women's Health Status
Authors: Kim Tae Kyung , Yoo Eun Kwang
Published: September 2023

This correlational study sought to find the relationship among women's health status and the level of importance & performance of postpartal care. One hundred thirty three women who live in Seoul and rural area including hospitalized in a general hospital and midwifery clinic were studied from 1st April, 1998 to 25th April, 1998 for 25 days. Data analysis consisted of frequency, percentage, Pearson Correlation Coefficiency, t-test, ANOVA and Sheffe test as a post hoc, using SPSS. The results of analysis were as follows ; mean age of respondents was 31.9 years and mean number of children was 1.8. The most of family type was nuclear family and lived int apartment. Mean frequency of pregnancy was 2.7 times and most women delivered at local clinic, general or University hospital. Mean period of after delivery was 53.7 month. The level of importance and performance of traditional postpartal care (Sanhujori) was more higher than hospital postpartal care. The level of importance, performance of postpartum care and health status had significant relationship. The higher level of importance was, & the higher level of performance was higher, and the higher degree of health status. The factors related to health status were postabortal sahujori period after abortion, nuclear family, the evaluation of sahujori, whether women and followed the caregiver's advice well or not and whether they have physical symptoms or not, at the level of 5~0.1% of significance statistically. The factors related to the level of importance of postpartal care were the number of child, present health status and health status of pre-post of delivery, deliver place and the opinion of effective postpartum care method at the level of 5~0.1% of significance statistically. The factors related to the level of performance of postpartal care were delivery place, the opinion of whether they can do at the hospital or not and whether they have physical symptom or not at the level of 1~0.1% of significance statistically. In conclusion, this finding reconfirmed the relationship among women's health status and the postpartal care. It provides a challenge to the health professional caregivers to research continually and repeatedly and confirm the conceptual model of Sanhujori, reestablish effective and integrative postpartal caring system which contains oriental and western paradigm for women's life long health toward the 21C.
Understanding Maternal Role Attainment in Taejon, Korea through the Use of a Structural Model
Authors: Lee Hae Kyung
Published: September 2023

No abstract available.
A Study on the Educational Needs and Satisfaction of Primigravida during the Antepartal Period
Authors: Chun Young Ja
Published: September 2023

This study was carried out to identify the difference between educational needs and levels of satisfaction of primigravida during the antepartum period. The goal of the study was to obtain data needed to develope educational programs and to improve the nursing quality for antepartal clients. The subjects were 106 primigravida who attend antenatal clinic at 3 general hospitals in the Seoul area. The data was gathered using a questionnaire which, consist of 71 items, was developed by the researcher from May 4 to June 3, 1998.Results found are as follows : 1. The characteristics of subjects : The majority of subjects were aged 25-29 years(73.6%), college graduates(61.3%), jobless(68.9%), had no religion(38.7%), attended antenatal clinic regularly(91.5%), duration of pregnancy was 38-39 weeks(49.06%), pregnancy was planned(67%), and 42.5% have had some sort of prenatal education.2. Over all level of educational needs was relatively high(Mn. 3.97) but the level of satisfaction was of average level(Mn. 3.01). Therefore, differences between the level of educational needs and satisfaction was significant(P=.0001).3. The educational needs by category, the highest need was on birth preparation(Mn. 4.18), self care of the mother and infant care(Mn 4.10), health maintenance and promotion(Mn. 3.79), the lowest was care of discomfort(Mn 3.66). The level of satisfaction was higher on postpartum self care(Mn 3.15), but the lowest was infant care(Mn 2.84). Differences between educational needs and satisfaction by categories was significant(P=.0001).4. Relationship between educational needs and levels of satisfaction among primigravida of different characteristics were as follows : 1) Educational needs of minor discomforts area were significantly high among age of 25-29(P=.0108), and over 35 years of age, was satisfied on preparation of labor & delivery, postpartum self care (P=.036, .02).2) With regard to different level of education, middle school graduates had higher educational needs on discomfort care and postpartum self care(P=.0014, .014). College graduates have had higher educational needs on health maintenance(P=.008) and were more satisfied on preparation of birth(P=.0025) 3) With regard to whether pregnancy was planned or not, no difference was found on educational needs. But the levels of satisfaction was significantly higher in the group of planned pregnancy(discomfort care P=.0454, birth preparation P=.0256, postpartum self care P=.0092).4) with regard to antenatal education , those who have had some sort of antenatal education, educational needs on birth preparation(P=.0345) was significantly high. And also the levels of satisfaction were significantly higher on every category(P=.0004 -.0001).5) No difference was found on educational needs or level of satisfaction by Job, religions, regularity of antenatal care and complication of pregnancy.
The Concept Analysis of Motherhood
Authors: Kim Young Hee
Published: September 2023

The characteristics of health behavior related pregnancy and childbirth have reflected on the cultural belief and value in the society. The efforts for women's health promotion through the current illumination of the traditional health care are the prompting assignment to be in nursing. The process of motherhood already progress before the motherhood actually. The functional state as the expectant mother can be the important predicting factor of the postpartum state, the quality of a married life. Motherhood was analyzed by Walker and Avant's method to clarify the concept 'to be a mother' using the various concepts like Koreans' Taekyo, transition to motherhood, maternal identity, maternal role attainment, maternal fetal attachment, and maternal fetal interaction. Upon the concept analysis, naturalness, responsibility, attachment, readiness, controllability were identified as the defining characteristics of motherhood. The antecedents of motherhood were consist of maternal affection, positive self esteem, pregnancy acceptance, fetus recognition and the consequences of motherhood were consist of positive maternal identity, maternal fetal attachment, confidence about the maternal role, the healthy mother and the healthy baby. The empirical referents of motherhood were consists of recognition of motherhood, expectation about motherhood, fetal recognition with ultrasonography and fetal movement, experience of unification between mother and fetus, expression of affection to the fetus, concern about fetal health, concern and practice about Taekyo, adaptation behavior about physical change and discomfort due to pregnancy. Therefore it is necessary to develop the instruction program of motherhood including the defining attributes identified in this study.
The Lived Experience of Postpatal Women in Che-Ju island
Authors: Shin Hye Sook , Lee Kyung Hee
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore and describe the experiences of postpatral woman, Korean postpatal care that Korean women experience afterbirth, to find the meaning of their lived experiences and to contribute to the base Korean maternal nursing. The method is to phenomenological through participant in depth interview. The subjects of this study were 8 women who are 1 week to less or over 100 days afterbirth. Their age rang from 22 to 33. All available data was collected from 26th of March 1988 to 10 of July 1998. A tape recorder was used with the permission of the subjects to prevent the loss of spoken information. The analysis of the data was made through Colaizzi's. The result of the study was as follow: There were eleven themes and 8 structures, Structure 1 : Acceptance to the traditional Sanhujori, Structure 2 : Powerlessness, Structure 3 : Disappointment and Being sorry, Structure 4 : Attachment as mother, Structure 5 : Anxiety on bring up, Structure 6 : Praying the well being of baby. Structure 7 : Negative body image 8 : Information seeking, Structure. In conclusion, nurses have to help Korean women afterbirth who are in difficulties physically, emotionally, socio-psychologically as direct caregivers and educators. As continually finding out the Korean postpartal care. Sanhujori, we can build the our original maternal nursing.
A Study on the Degree of Knowledge of Menopause and Management of Menopausal Women
Authors: Choi Nam Youn , Choi So Young , Jo Hea Jin
Published: September 2023

The purpose of study was to identify the degree of menopausal of age knowledge and management of menopausal women. The data were collected from April lst to May 31th in 1998 and 368 total. Data were analyzed by SPSS/PC program. The results were as follows.1. The average age was 45-50 years. General health state was good 71% mosty they were house keeper. 87.5% had religion. The married woman was 86.1%. Menopause treatment experience was 88.1%. The educational state was below middle school, 72.3%.2. The high score of knowledge of menopause was the item of whether they conceive or not after menopause, irregularity of menopause, menopausal symptoms, of the possibility osteoporosis.3. The score of knowledge was the highest at the group 45-50, the high education, and the high number of family members.4. The score of management was the highest in self control category. No drinking & no smoking items were the highest. Sexual management and management by professional person were low score.5. The higher score of the knowledge of menopause, the higher score of the management.
Significance of the Ancillary Posterior Knee Soft-Tissue Edema Sign in Traumatic Knee Injuries
Authors: Shah Ali , Iyengar Karthikeyan. P. , Beale David , Sonsale Paresh , Botchu Rajesh
Published: September 2023

Introduction/Background:

Traumatic soft-tissue injuries of the knee involve a spectrum of pathologies of the soft-tissue envelope, menisci or rupture of supporting tendinous or ligamentous structures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent, noninvasive modality to assess these injuries to guide patient management and improve patient outcomes.

Objective:

To highlight and explore the clinico-radiological significance of posterior knee soft-tissue edema (PKSTO) ancillary sign in traumatic knee injuries.

Materials and Methods:

MRI of 150 consecutive young adults undergoing within 1 week of an acute knee injury were reviewed. The area of interest behind the knee was specifically assessed for the presence of PKSTO sign. MRI of patients with PKSTO was analyzed further for associated ligament and meniscal injuries.

Results:

There were 18 patients with PKSTO sign with a mean age of 21.7 years (range 9–39 years). There was a male preponderance. The most common associated injury found was of the anterior cruciate ligament with four patients having multiple injuries. The average volumetric area of PKSTO was 68.5 cm3 (1.5 cm3–486 cm3) with a proportional increase depending on the severity/number of ligamentous or meniscal pathologies.

Conclusion:

Detection of the PKSTO ancillary sign on sagittal MRI sequences is associated with clinically relevant knee soft-tissue injuries including multi-ligament and meniscal tears.
Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Shoulder: A Narrative Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Itha Rajesh , Vaishya Raju , Vaish Abhishek
Published: September 2023

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) primarily affect the ankle and knee joints, but its occurrence in the shoulder is rare. This condition can lead to long-term complications and early osteoarthritis, especially in young athletes, potentially jeopardizing their professional careers. To aid in early diagnosis, advanced imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used. However, due to the rarity of this condition, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment approach. In an effort to provide a concise and up-to-date review of this rare condition, we conducted a detailed search on OCD of the shoulder using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. We utilized keywords such as “osteochondritis dissecans,” “shoulder,” and “humeral head.” Despite our search, we found limited literature available on this condition. The etiology of osteochondritis dissecans of the shoulder is multifactorial, and its diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical history, physical examination, and imaging studies, particularly MRI. The MRI provides detailed information about the lesion, articular cartilage, and subchondral bone, aiding in accurate diagnosis. Treatment options for OCD of the shoulder encompass conservative management, biological interventions, and surgical approaches to alleviate symptoms and improve outcomes.
Dental Caries Prevalence, Severity, and Pattern Among Male Adolescents in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Okolo Chizoba Chineme , Oredugba Folakemi A. , Denloye Obafunke O. , Adeyemo Yewande I.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Dental caries is the most common oral disease of mankind; however, there are limited data on the oral status of adolescents in northern Nigeria. Recently, the World Health Organization set the global caries goal as significant caries (SiC) index score of <3. This study was designed to appraise the magnitude of the disease among adolescents in northern Nigeria.

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence, pattern, and severity of caries among 10–12-year-old adolescents in Kano, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

Six hundred and ninety-four school-aged children were selected through a multi-stage sampling of 10–12-year-old children in Kano and examined for dental caries using the WHO protocols. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 20 Inc. Chicago IL, USA).

Results:

The prevalence of caries was 22.9% with mean DMFT and SiC scores of 0.5 (±1.2) and 3.7 respectively. DMFT >0 ranged from 1 to 8. Tooth 85 (the right mandibular second primary molar) and tooth 36 (left mandibular permanent first molar) had the highest caries count for primary and permanent teeth respectively. More lesions occurred on the left mandible in primary and permanent teeth. The second primary molars and the first permanent molars were most affected by the disease.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of dental caries was low among male adolescents in Kano as evidenced by the low mean DMFT/dmft scores; however, the condition exceeded the recommended WHO thresholds. Caries occurred more frequently on teeth 85 and 36.
Determinants of Obstetricians’ Pattern of Care for Sickle Cell Disease in Pregnancy
Authors: Nwagha Theresa Ukamaka , Okoye Helen Chioma , Ugwu Angela Ogechukwu , Ugwu Emmanuel Onyebuchi , Duru Augustine Nwakuche , Ezebialu Ifeanyichukwu Uzoma , Menuba Ifeanyi E. , Ugwu Alloy Okechukwu , Eze Stephen Chijioke
Published: September 2023

Background:

Pregnancy in sickle cell disease (SCD) is high risk. With improved comprehensive obstetric care, pregnant females with SCD can achieve successful pregnancy outcomes, especially in resource-poor settings.

Objectives:

To determine the predictors of Obstetricians’ pattern of care for SCD in pregnancy in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

Self-administered, pre-tested, pre-validated questionnaires containing 18 questions on demographic details of obstetricians, and their pattern of practice towards antenatal care for pregnant SCD patients were distributed to attendees of the 2018 conference of the Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Nigeria (SOGON). Regression analysis was done to determine the possible predictors, and a significant level was <0.05.

Result:

Almost all the respondents (98.4%) considered pregnancy in SCD as high risk, and 96.2% proposed for preconception care in a tertiary hospital. The majority, (62%) agreed that antenatal visits in the first and second trimesters should be more frequent. The majority (96.2%) reported they would routinely order urine tests among other investigations. Majority of respondents,74.9% and 98.4% knew that foetal medicine specialists and haematologists should be part of preconception care team, respectively. Respondents’ practice centre and designation, significantly contributed to their “willingness to consult a haematologist” (P = 0.004),” and willingness to consult a foetal specialist” (P = 0.047), while practice centre and practice population significantly contributed to their response to “ideal centre for management of SCD pregnancy”: (P = 0.049), (P = 0.024) respectively.

Conclusion:

Obstetricians’ level of training, practice centre, and practice population of pregnant women with SCD are significant contributors to their pattern of care towards antenatal care for pregnancy in SCD.
The Burden of Geriatric Trauma at the University College Hospital, Ibadan Nigeria
Authors: Ogunrewo Tolulope , Alonge Oluwagbenga T.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Geriatric populations presently account for 9% of the world population and this is expected to increase. Injuries to the elderly accounted for 5.8 million accident and emergency visits in the US as well as 4% of patients treated for traumatic injuries in Abuja, Nigeria. Traumatic injury is therefore a major cause of morbidity in the elderly as such the need for the study in our environment.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of this study was to review the incidence and types of traumatic injury among the elderly population that presented at the University College Hospital Ibadan and to determine the causes of traumatic injury involving the geriatric age group in our environment.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective hospital-based study involving the records of geriatric patients that presented with traumatic injuries between January 2014 and June 2021 at the geriatric center and the accident and emergency department of the hospital. The record was retrieved from the Total Quality Management Unit of the hospital.

Results:

Approximately 7.61% of the traumatic injury that presented at the accident and emergency department within the study period involved geriatric patients with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.08, whereas 0.3% of the patients for inpatient care at the geriatric center had a traumatic injury. Fall was the most common cause of traumatic injury observed and fracture was the most common traumatic injury observed.

Conclusion:

Less than 10% of the patients with the traumatic injury that presented at the University College Hospital Ibadan are in the geriatric age group. Most of the traumatic injury involving geriatric patients in our environment is due to low energy falls and fracture is the most common injury observed with the femur being the most affected bone. Therefore, interventions directed at reducing the incidence of falls in our environment will hopefully help in reducing the incidence of traumatic injuries in older person.
Power Plug of a Mobile Phone Charger in the Orbit
Authors: Habib Saudat Garba , Ibrahim Usman Yuguda , Mohammed Isyaku , Umar Saudatu Madaki
Published: September 2023

Background:

This is the case of a girl who sustained orbital injury while playing with a mobile phone charger.

Case Report:

The patient presented to the tertiary hospital 5 h after she sustained a penetrating injury with the power plug of a mobile phone charger to the right upper lid. There was associated headache, tearing, bleeding, discharge, and inability to open the right eye.

On Examination:

She was ill-looking and anxious, not febrile or pale. Systemic examination did not reveal any abnormality. Unaided visual acuity in the right eye (OD) could not be tested, left eye (OS)—6/9. The right eyelid was completely closed with a penetrating power plug of the phone charger in the supero-lateral aspect of the upper eyelid. A diagnosis of penetrating power plug of a charger in the right upper lid and orbit was made. Computed tomography scan showed the power plug of the charger in the right orbit with a little blood collection in the right maxillary sinus. She underwent examination under anaesthesia, foreign body removal, and repair of the lid penetration. The findings were right upper lid penetration with ptosis, corneal epithelial erosion, phone charger power plug in the medial orbital wall, and cataract. The foreign body was removed, and lid and conjunctival lacerations repaired. Eight weeks post-operatively, ptosis had resolved, leaving the anterior polar cataract (<3 mm) and a best corrected visual acuity of (OD) 6/6 and (OS) 6/5. About 6 months afterwards, the cataract matured with a visual acuity of 6/60 for which she had right phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intra-ocular lens implant insertion.

Conclusion:

Prompt presentation and management lead to good visual outcomes in this patient.
Paediatric Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Kalu Ukoha Agwu , Jones Taiwo , Fadahunsi Olufunke O. , Ibiyeye Taiye T. , Odi Temitope O. , Abdur-Rahman Lukman Olajide
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

The diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) is usually clear cut but sometimes there is atypical presentation of this condition in children. There is a need to determine and compare the diagnostic accuracy of these three pre-operative diagnostic modalities: Paediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS), abdominal ultrasonographic scan (USS) findings, and serum C-reactive proteins (CRPs). The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the three diagnostic modalities and to compare each diagnostic test result with the histopathological results of the appendix specimens.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective cross-sectional study that involved children aged 4–15 years with suspected AA who presented at the emergency paediatric unit of a tertiary health care hospital in North Central, Nigeria. The PAS, quantitative serum CRP, and abdominal USS were performed for all eligible patients.

Results:

A total of 43 patients were included in this study. Forty appendicectomy specimens (93%) were histologically confirmed to be AA and three appendicectomy specimens (7%) were normal appendix. The diagnostic accuracy values of PAS, abdominal USS, and CRP were 95.3%, 93.0%, and 90.7%, respectively.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that PAS, abdominal USS, and serum CRP provided useful diagnostic accuracy for AA in children.
Bacterial and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Secondary Peritonitis
Authors: Ojo Adedoyin Babatunde , Omoareghan Irabor David
Published: September 2023

Background:

Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum usually as a result of a localized or generalized infection. Secondary peritonitis which is the most common type follows an infective process in a visceral organ. The role of peritoneal cultures and use of antibiotics effective against culture results remain controversial.

Objectives:

This study was conducted to determine the bacterial and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in patients with secondary peritonitis. It also compared the use of empirical antibiotics and culture-sensitive antibiotics with outcomes of patients with secondary peritonitis.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective randomized clinical study was conducted. Five millilitres of peritoneal fluid was sampled intra-operatively, and microscopy, culture, and sensitivity testing was performed in patients with secondary peritonitis. The patients, randomized into two groups, had antibiotics administered for 7 days. The first group had empirical antibiotics throughout (Ceftriaxone + Metronidazole), whereas the second group had empirical antibiotics (Ceftriaxone + Metronidazole) for the first 2 days and antibiotics according to the sensitivity report for the remaining 5 days. The post-hoc analysis was also done on a third group, who, even though were randomized to either groups, had no growth on culture of peritoneal fluid.

Results:

The commonest pathogens identified from the peritoneal culture of the participants were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Anaerococcus group, and Bacteroides fragilis. Complications including mortality were significantly higher in those who received empirical antibiotics than those who received culture-sensitive antibiotics.

Conclusion:

The outcome of antibiotics administration in patients with secondary peritonitis with a positive culture was better in those who received culture-sensitive antibiotics than those who received empirical antibiotics.
Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Predictors and its Significance
Authors: Karim Shivam Tanweer , Chakravarti Sumit , Jain Atul , Patel Gaurav , Dey Subhajeet
Published: September 2023

Background:

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the procedure of choice for the management of symptomatic gallstone disease. In LC, the surgeons encountered difficulties with acutely inflamed or gangrenous gallbladder (GB), dense adhesions at Calot’s triangle, fibrotic and contracted GB, and cholecystoenteric fistula. Depending on the difficulty faced during the surgery, the outcome of LC may vary from abandoning the procedure or partial cholecystectomy to conversion into open cholecystectomy. Complications related to biliary tract or adjoining structures or vessels may also occur. Our aim was to assess the different preoperative factors in patients of cholelithiasis and ascertain the validity of the scoring system devised by Randhawa and Pujahari in preoperatively predicting the difficult LC in our hospital scenario.

Materials and Methods:

This hospital-based observational study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery for a period of 2 years. All diagnosed cases of cholelithiasis admitted for elective LC during the study period in our hospital were included in the study.

Results:

In total, 154 patients, aged≥50 years, history of hospitalization for acute cholecystitis (AC), body mass index of 25 kg/m2 and more, abdominal scar, palpable GB, GB wall thickness ≥4 mm, pericholecystic collection, impacted stone found to be significant factors to predict difficult LC preoperatively. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and pancreatitis were found as independent risk factor for difficult LC.

Conclusion:

We recommend that the scoring system should be regularly used as a protocol for predicting difficulty levels preoperatively in LC. It can help to decide the surgical approach, counsel the patients, and reduce the complication rate, rate of conversion, and overall medical cost. The scoring system proposed by Randhawa and Pujahari is effective but has some lacunae.
Experience with Abdominoplasty at National Orthopedic Hospital, Enugu, South-East, Nigeria
Authors: Mba Uwakwe Cosmas , Ogbonnaya Iheuko Sunday , Uduezue Anthonia O. , Okoye Chukwuemeka Patrick , Okoli Chinedu Michael , Eze Balantine Ugochukwu
Published: September 2023

Background:

Abdominoplasty is a body contouring surgical procedure designed to improve the contour of the lower trunk. It is one the most commonly performed cosmetic procedures in developed countries. In developing nations such as ours, it constitutes a small percentage of aesthetic procedures performed. In our hospital, a number of cases have been done in the past 12 years. However, some studies from developed countries suggest that cosmetic surgeries in developing countries in associated with higher risk of complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of abdominoplasties performed in a specialist hospital of a developing country.

Patients and Methods:

The study was a 12-year retrospective study. The folders of all the patients that had abdominoplasty were retrieved and reviewed. Data was subjected to statistical analysis using PSPP4Windows®17 computer software version 1.4.1, 2019. The results are presented in prose, tables, charts, and figures.

Results:

A total of 30 women aged between 26 and 59 years had abdominoplasty. All were multiparous. About 76% of the patients had previous abdominal surgeries and 74% of this were caesarean section. No mortality was recorded but some patients had minor complications. The most common was respiratory distress which resolved on supportive treatment. Outcome was satisfactory in 95.5% and good in 4.5% of patients.

Conclusion:

Abdominoplasty in our environment is safe in trained hands.
The Effect of Sumatriptan, Theophylline, Pregabalin and Caffeine on Prevention of Headache Caused by Spinal Anaesthesia (PDPH)
Authors: Amini Nazanin , Modir Hesameddin , Omidvar Safoora , Kia Mansoreh Karimi , Pazoki Shirin , Harorani Mehdi , Moradzadeh Rahmatollah , Derakhshani Maryam
Published: September 2023

Spinal anaesthesia (SA) is a common method during surgery due to easy administration, rapid effects, relaxes muscles and controls pain. But, post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common problem after SA that occurs in 6%–36% of SA. We assessed the effect of four common treatment drugs sumatriptan, theophylline, pregabalin and oral caffeine on prevention of PDPH. In this systematic review, all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) during January 2015 and December 2021 were searched from PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane review and Clinical Key with a specific search strategy. The article qualities were assessed by two independent authors and were screened for relevant sources based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Moreover, the included articles data were extracted and checked for regular basis. A total of 421 articles were identified and 193 articles were removed following a preliminary review and finally, 14 articles were included in review. Overall, we identified five RCTs on the effect of caffeine, two RCTs on the effect of sumatriptan, three RCTs on theophylline, three RCTs on pregabalin and one RCT on theophylline and sumatriptan in PDPH prevention. This review supports the effects of theophylline, pregabalin and sumatriptan in the prevention of PDPH incidence and treatment of PDPH intensity, but we cannot draw the same conclusions about caffeine due to some negative results about the caffeine effect. Nevertheless, this extracted conclusion should be considered and interpreted with caution and limited generalizations due to the small number of studies, the variety of evaluated drugs and measures, the low sample size and the bias presented.
Role of Serum Interleukin-6 and C-reactive Protein in Early Prediction of Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Kumar Ram Bharosh , Karim Tanweer , Jain Atul , Arora Sarika , Katiyar Vivek Kumar , Patel Gaurav
Published: September 2023

Background:

Early prediction of severity is an important goal in acute pancreatitis (AP), to identify 20% of patients who are likely to have a severe course. Such patients have an expected mortality of 15–20% and may benefit from early admission to high dependency or intensive care units, with parenteral or nasojejunal feeding and prophylactic antibiotics. In severe AP (SAP), multiorgan dysfunction accounts for most of early deaths.

Aims:

The aim of this article is to assess the role of serum interleukin (IL)-6 and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in early prediction of severity of AP.

Materials and Methods:

This observational analytical study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery and Department of Biochemistry in our hospital in 62 patients as per inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results:

IL-6 on day 1 and day 2 as well as CRP on day 2 was 100% sensitive but IL-6 on day 1 and day 2 had a maximum specificity of 88.37% among them when compared with a specificity of 81.4% of CRP on day 2. Though CRP on day 1 also had a specificity of 88.37%, its sensitivity was 89.47%.

Conclusion:

IL-6 and CRP together appear to be a promising marker for assessing the severity of AP within 48 h. We recommend to do IL-6 and CRP in patients with AP, which can help in predicting severity of the disease in patients.
Look Beyond the Cataract
Authors: Oyediji Funmilayo Jane , Abdullahi Abubakar Usman , Shirama Yakubu Bababa
Published: September 2023

Alport syndrome is an inherited disease with a trio of hearing loss, ocular abnormalities, and progressive renal failure. The most severe form is commonest in males due to the X-linked mutations. We present a 25-year-old male who presented with deterioration of vision over 5 years, further questioning revealed use of hearing aid. Although he had no renal-related complaints, investigation revealed proteinuria. There is a need for proper examination of developmental cataract to avoid missing out on Alport syndrome.
Post-Dated Breech Pregnancy in a Non-obviously Communicating Rudimentary Horn of a Bicornuate Uterus Requiring Hemi-Hysterectomy
Authors: Aminu Muhammad Baffah , Sania Iffat , Khairunnaesa Munni
Published: September 2023

Developmental anomalies of the Müllerian duct systems such as the bicornuate uterus are rare globally and hardly do term pregnancies occur in conjunction with these abnormalities. The occurrence of post-dated pregnancy is rarely associated with a bicornuate uterus. We present a 35-year-old un-booked multigravida with post-date pregnancy complicated by breech and intrauterine foetal death (IUFD) in a rudimentary uterine horn. She had caesarean delivery complicated by intractable postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). This together with the risks of poor uterine involution in the postpartum and obstetric outcome in the event that another pregnancy occurs in the same horn subsequently warranted a caesarean hemi-hysterectomy of the rudimentary uterine horn. Uterine bicornuate is an uncommon genital tract anomaly and a rare cause of post-date pregnancy. Postpartum bleeding warranting caesarean hemi-hysterectomy should be anticipated as the pregnant horn may not be responsive to conventional oxytocics.
Auditing the Findings of Computed Tomographic Angiographic Examinations Using 160-Slice Scanner
Authors: Ismail Anas , Lawal Yusuf , Adamu Adamu Abba , Muhammad Isa Hassan , Sani Tahir , Jaafar Saadatu Hassan , Hayatu Zainab , Saleh Mohammed Kabir
Published: September 2023

Background:

Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is a promising tool for the rapid characterisation of the anatomy and structural lesions of the vascular system.

Aim/Objectives:

The aims/objectives of the study were to determine the frequency and pattern of vascular lesions in northern Nigeria. We also set to determine the agreement between clinical and CTA diagnosis of vascular lesions.

Materials and Methods:

We study patients that had CTA studies over a 5-year period. In total, 361 patients were referred for CTA, but only the records of 339 of them were retrieved and analysed. The information about patients’ characteristics, clinical diagnosis, and the findings on CTA was also retrieved and analysed. The categorical data results were expressed as proportions and percentages. The Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ statistic) was used to determine the agreement between the clinical and CTA findings. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The mean (standard deviation) age of the subjects was 49.3 (17.9) years with a range of 1–88 years, consisting of 138 (40.7%) females. Up to 223 patients had various abnormalities on CTA. There were 27 (8.0%) cases of aneurysms, eight (2.4%) cases of arteriovenous malformations, and 99 (29.2%) cases of stenotic atherosclerotic disease. There was a significant agreement between the clinical diagnosis and corresponding findings on CTA showed for intracranial aneurysms (k = 15.0%; P < 0.001), for pulmonary thromboembolism (k = 4.3%; P < 0.001), and for coronary artery disease (k = 34.5%; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The study found that close to 70% of the patients referred for CTA have abnormal findings, out of which stenotic atherosclerosis and aneurysm are the common findings. Our findings highlighted the diagnostic value of CTA variety of clinical conditions and underscored the prevalence of many vascular lesions in our environment, which hitherto were regarded as uncommon.
Neonatal Burn Injuries Managed in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Hospital in North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Yiltok Simon J. , Akintayo Akintunde J. , Toma Bose Ozoiza , Diala Udochukwu Michael , Dafong Atarang A. , Karago Christopher Y. , Choji Joshua D. , Idrisu Abdulquadri
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

Neonatal burn injuries are rare in clinical practice. This explains the many case reports of such injuries. This is a report of our experience in the management of neonatal burn injuries in our centre.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective study of neonatal burn injuries that were managed over an eight year period (2014–2022). The information that was retrieved from the case notes included the socio-demographic data, birth weight, weight at admission, type of injury, total burn surface area (TBSA), depth of burn injury, type of treatment, length of hospital stay and outcome of care. The data were then entered into the SPSS version 25 (IBM Corp., United States) software and analysed.

Results:

We managed 11 neonates, five males and six females with a male: female (M: F) ratio of 1:1.2. Their age ranged from zero to 25 days with a median (IQR) of 2 (1 -15) days. Eight (72.7%) of them were one to two days old and eight (72.7%) were admitted as out born. Majority (81.8%) of the mothers were primiparous women. Nine (81.8%) of the injuries were as a result of hot water bath. Most (66.6%) of these baths were done by the grandmothers or mothers of the babies. The total burn surface area (TBSA) ranged from 1% to 62%, with a median (IQR) of 11 (7.5 – 19.0). None of the babies had skin grafting. The length of stay (LOS) ranged from six days to 25 days with a median (IQR) of 11.0 (7.0 – 16.0) days. Only one baby died giving a hospital mortality rate of 9.1%.

Conclusions:

The commonest cause of neonatal burn injury in this series is scald injuries from hot water bath. Providing education about safe bathing to caregivers should be included in routine antenatal and postnatal instructions in order to prevent burns.
Clinicopathological Features and Treatment Outcome of Patients with Gastric Cancer in Lagos
Authors: Osinowo Adedapo Olumide , Olajide Thomas Olagboyega , Balogun Olanrewaju Samuel , Makanjuola Ayomide , Adesanya Adedoyin Adekunle , Atoyebi Oluwole A.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Gastric cancer (GC) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. Significant advances in the management of GC in South-West Nigeria occurred in the last three decades.

Patients and Methods:

This was a retrospective comparative study of patients with GC that presented at our tertiary hospital in the last three decades. Information on clinicopathological features and treatment outcome were analysed. Data of two consecutive periods; 1991–2004 (Group I) and 2005–2018 (Group II) were compared.

Results:

Ninety-one patients were studied; Group I (47 patients), Group II (44 patients). The mean age was 56.4 ± 12.7 years and male-to-female ratio was 1.8 to 1.0. The predominant symptoms were epigastric pain in 81(89.0%) (43 vs. 38) and weight loss in 63(69.2%) (32 vs. 31), whereas the signs were epigastric tenderness in 44(46.1%) (24 vs. 20) and epigastric mass in 42(46.1%) (26 vs. 16). The overall mean duration of symptom was 12.3 ± 16.9 months. Barium meal diagnosed GC in 29(61.7%) patients in Group I vs. 4(9.1%) patients in Group II. Conversely, endoscopy diagnosed GC in 23(48.9%) patients in Group I vs. 37(84.1%) patients in Group II. Operations undertaken included palliative subtotal gastrectomy 26(28.6%), potentially curative subtotal gastrectomy 15(16.5%) and non-resectional surgeries in 27(29.7%) patients. The overall incidence of major post-operative complications was 33%. Thirty-nine (42.8%) of the studied patients were lost to follow up. The median postoperative survival for Groups I and II patients was 22 weeks and 58 weeks, P = 0.012, respectively.

Conclusion:

The outcome of management of patients with GC at our tertiary hospital has improved modestly in the past three decades. Patients are still presenting late with very advanced disease.