bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Organogold(III) Difluoride with a trans Arrangement
Authors: Pérez‐Bitrián Alberto , Baya Miguel , Casas José M. , Martín Antonio , Menjón Babil , Orduna Jesús
Published: March 2018

The trans isomer of the organogold(III) difluoride complex [PPh4][(CF3)2AuF2] has been obtained in a stereoselective way and in excellent yield by reaction of [PPh4][CF3AuCF3] with XeF2 under mild conditions. The compound is both thermally stable and reactive. Thus, the fluoride ligands are stereospecifically replaced by any heavier halide or by cyanide, the cyanide affording [PPh4][trans‐(CF3)2Au(CN)2]. The organogold fluoride complexes [CF3AuFx]− (x=1, 2, 3) have been experimentally detected to arise upon collision‐induced dissociation of the [trans‐(CF3)2AuF2]− anion in the gas phase. Their structures have been calculated by DFT methods. In the isomeric forms identified for the open‐shell species [CF3AuF2]−, the spin density residing on the metal center is found to strongly depend on the precise stereochemistry. Based on crystallographic evidence, it is concluded that Auiii and Agiii have similar covalent radii, at least in their most common square‐planar geometry.
Electronic Communication between two [10]cycloparaphenylenes and Bis(azafullerene) (C59N)2 Induced by Cooperative Complexation
Authors: Rio Jérémy , Beeck Sebastian , Rotas Georgios , Ahles Sebastian , Jacquemin Denis , Tagmatarchis Nikos , Ewels Chris , Wegner Hermann A.
Published: March 2018

The complex of [10]cycloparaphenylene ([10]CPP) with bis(azafullerene) (C59N)2 is investigated experimentally and computationally. Two [10]CPP rings are bound to the dimeric azafullerene giving [10]CPP⊃(C59N)2⊂[10]CPP. Photophysical and redox properties support an electronic interaction between the components especially when the second [10]CPP is bound. Unlike [10]CPP⊃C60, in which there is negligible electronic communication between the two species, upon photoexcitation a partial charge transfer phenomenon is revealed between [10]CPP and (C59N)2 reminiscent of CPP‐encapsulated metallofullerenes. Such an alternative electron‐rich fullerene species demonstrates C60‐like ground‐state properties and metallofullerene‐like excited‐state properties opening new avenues for construction of functional supramolecular architectures with organic materials.
Simultaneous plasticization and blending of isolate soy protein with poly[(butylene succinate)‐co‐adipate] by one‐step extrusion process
Authors: Renoux Jennifer , Dani Jagadeesh , Douchain Catherine , Prashantha Kalappa , Krawczak Patricia
Published: March 2018

This article focuses on the preparation of isolated soy protein plasticized by a glycerol and water mixture/poly[(butylene succinate)‐co‐adipate] blends by an original single step extrusion process. Prepared blends were injection‐molded and characterized for their molecular interaction, morphology, rheological, thermal, dynamic mechanical, and mechanical properties. The comparison of these results with those obtained using a more regular two‐step compounding process validates the technical efficiency of this cost‐effective one‐step approach. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46442.
Fabrication of citric acid crosslinked β‐cyclodextrin/hydroxyethylcellulose hydrogel films for controlled delivery of poorly soluble drugs
Authors: Sampatrao Ghorpade Vishwajeet , Vyankatrao Yadav Adhikrao , Jacky Dias Remeth , Krishnat Mali Kailas
Published: March 2018

β‐cyclodextrin grafted hydroxyethylcellulose (βCD‐g‐HEC) hydrogel films were prepared for the controlled release of poorly soluble model drug (ketoconazole) using citric acid as crosslinking agent. The active βCD and carboxyl content of the hydrogel films were determined by phenolphthalein assay and acid–base titration. The films were characterized by solid state 13C NMR, ATR–FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetric, and analyzed for tensile strength, swelling ratio, drug loading, release, hemocompatibility, in vitro cytotoxicity, and implantation test. An increase in the concentration of βCD in feed increased the active βCD content of the hydrogel films but reduced their extent of interpolymer crosslinking. The βCD‐g‐HEC hydrogel films with high active βCD content showed maximum drug loading whereas those with high crosslinking density were capable of controlling the drug release for long duration. Hemolysis assay and in vitro cytotoxicity study revealed the biocompatible nature of the hydrogel films whereas implantation test indicated their minimal inflammatory effect. From the overall results, βCD‐g‐HEC hydrogel films were found to be better alternative to the previously reported βCD‐HPMC and βCD‐CMC hydrogel films for enhanced loading and long‐term release, respectively, of the poorly soluble drugs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46452.
Effects of different catalysts on the structure and properties of polyurethane/water glass grouting materials
Authors: Zhang Qian , Hu Xiang‐Ming , Wu Ming‐Yue , Zhao Yan‐Yun , Yu Chuang
Published: March 2018

Polyurethane/water glass (PU/WG) grouting materials were prepared in presence of different proportions of catalyst. The effects of catalyst on the mechanical properties, thermal properties, and chemical cross‐sectional morphologies of the grouting materials were also investigated. Catalyst addition can significantly increase the chemical reaction rate, reduce the gel time and curing time, and improve the thermal stability of PU/WG grouting materials. It was found that the grouting material containing 0.1 wt % BDMA + 0.1 wt % DBTDL demonstrated high fluidity, short curing time, and high early‐stage and late‐stage (up to 66.1 MPa) compression strengths. However, when the content of the added catalyst was equal to 0.5 wt %, fine cracks were formed in the material structure accompanied by the detachment of spherical particles from the PU matrix, which significantly deteriorated its mechanical properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46460.
Nursery pre‐treatment positively affects reintroduced plant performance via plant pre‐conditioning, but not via maternal effects
Authors: Brancaleoni Lisa , Gerdol Renato , Abeli Thomas , Corli Anna , Rossi Graziano , Orsenigo Simone
Published: March 2018

Pre‐release treatments have long been neglected in plant translocation science, despite being crucial for reintroduction success. Practitioners sometimes adopt acclimation and pre‐treatment to reduce environmentally mediated shocks at the recipient site, although the effects of these techniques are unclear. The conditions experienced during cultivation may affect the performance of plants once released.

The influence of the cultivation environment, and the maternal effects from fertilizer and salt treatments, on post‐release performance were investigated on Kosteletzkya pentacarpos, a threatened plant species growing in coastal wetlands.

Two experimental translocation sites, representing the opposite ends of the ecological range of K. pentacarpos, were chosen: one was a nutrient‐rich, freshwater site and the other was a nutrient‐poor, brackish water site. Treatment with salt had negligible effects on performance, whereas fertilization positively affected the vegetative and reproductive performance of maternal plants throughout the growing season. Pre‐treatment effects were most evident at the highest nutrient site, however, suggesting that pre‐treatment could be connected to ‘memory’ in plants. No maternal effects were observed.

Overall, results show that pre‐treatment can increase the chances of survival and improve the performance of translocated plants at the recipient site. From an applied conservation perspective, ex situ cultivation and nursing conditions may play a key role in establishing self‐sustaining populations during plant translocation. These results have important implications for the use of K. pentacarpos for the restoration of saline wetlands, especially outside of its native range, but also for the conservation of the species via conservation translocation in general.
Effect of the insect phenoloxidase on the metabolism of l‐DOPA
Authors: Wu Kai , Han Fang , Yuan Yi , Liu Yining , Ling Erjun , Wang Qian , Huang Wuren
Published: March 2018

Insect prophenoloxidase (PPO) induces melanization around pathogens. Before melanization, PPO is cleaved into phenoloxidase (PO) by serine proteases. Insect PPO can also be activated by exogenous proteases secreted by pathogens as well as by other compounds, such as ethanol and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). However, the effect of these activators on the activity of PO is unclear. In this study, the insect endogenous serine protease AMM1, α‐chymotrypsin, and ethanol were used to activate recombinant Drosophila PPO1 (rPPO1), and the PO activity differed depending on the activator applied. The PO‐induced intermediates during melanization also varied markedly in their numbers and abundances. Therefore, this study indicates that the mechanism of PPO activation influences PO activity. It also suggests that PO‐induced different intermediates may affect the antibacterial activity during melanization due to their toxicity.
Geophysical prospection pilot in rock‐cut tombs: The case study of Anghelu Ruju necropolis (Sardinia)
Authors: Testone Valeria , Longo Vittorio , Mameli Paola , Rovina Daniela
Published: March 2018

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were conducted in the Anghelu Ruju hypogeic necropolis in northern Sardinia (Italy). The main purpose was to calibrate both techniques on a known and already dug tomb. After the calibration the survey was extended to a neighbouring unexplored area with the aim to demonstrate new hypogeic structures. A comparison of the high‐resolution GPR and ERT models was made, and their results are discussed in terms of providing a more complete picture that would not be attainable using a single method. Several anomalies were identified that might represent previously unknown rock‐cut tombs and burial sites in the central part of the investigated area.
Correlation of High‐Density Lipoprotein–Associated Paraoxonase 1 Activity With Systemic Inflammation, Disease Activity, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Psoriatic Disease
Authors: Husni M. Elaine , Wilson Tang W. H. , Lucke Michael , Chandrasekharan U. M. , Brennan Danielle M. , Hazen Stanley L.
Published: March 2018

Objective

To compare the activity of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)–associated paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in patients with psoriasis (PsO) and patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and to evaluate the association of PON1 activity with the extent of disease activity and severity of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden in these patients.

Methods

Serum levels of paraoxonase and arylesterase activity (both measures of PON1 function in humans) were measured in patients with PsA (n = 198, 51.0% male) and patients with PsO (n = 145, 50.3% male) who were enrolled in a longitudinal psoriatic disease biorepository. Data on PsA disease activity (using the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints [DAS28], Clinical Disease Activity Index, and painful/swollen joint counts), preexistent CVD and CVD risk factors (including diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and smoking), Framingham Risk Scores for CVD, quality of life measures, and laboratory test findings (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein level, and lipid profiles) were recorded.

Results

Serum arylesterase activities were significantly lower in patients with PsO and patients with PsA (mean ± SD 111.1 ± 25.5 μmoles/minute/ml and 124.4 ± 33.4 μmoles/minute/ml, respectively) compared to healthy controls (144.3 ± 33.4 μmoles/minute/ml) (each P < 0.001 versus healthy controls). Serum arylesterase activity decreased in parallel with increasing levels of disease activity (DAS28 scores, P = 0.012), older age (P = 0.013), higher body mass index (P = 0.042), greater incidence of metabolic syndrome (P = 0.004) and hypertension (P = 0.014), and worsening Framingham Risk Scores (P = 0.001). However, no correlation was seen between serum arylesterase activity and the extent of disease activity or CVD burden in patients with PsO. Serum paraoxonase activity trended lower both in patients with PsO and in patients with PsA (each P = 0.073 versus healthy controls). However, no association was seen between serum paraoxonase activity and the extent of disease activity or CVD burden in either of the patient cohorts.

Conclusion

PON1 activity is decreased in psoriatic diseases. In the PsA cohort, decreases in arylesterase activity correlated with increasing severity of joint disease and CVD burden. Arylesterase activity, as compared to paraoxonase activity, appeared to serve as a more sensitive predictor of preexisting CV risk factors in the PsA cohort. However, this correlation was not observed in the PsO population.
Chemistry of Metallacyclobutadienes
Authors: Cui Mingxu , Lin Ran , Jia Guochen
Published: March 2018

Metallacyclobutadienes are analogues of cyclobutadienes in which one of the cyclobutadiene CR groups has been formally replaced by a transition‐metal fragment. These metallacycles are interesting because they can play an important role in catalysis and can serve as starting materials for the syntheses of organometallic compounds such as metallabenzene, η5‐cyclopentadienyl, and η3‐cyclopropenyl complexes. Unlike cyclobutadienes, metallacyclobutadienes can be significantly more stable. A number of metallacyclobutadienes have now been isolated and thoroughly characterized, especially for those that contain transition metals of groups 5–9. Their properties have also been actively investigated. This article highlights the chemistry of metallacyclobutadienes with reference to their syntheses, reactivity, and structural properties.
Chiral Metal–Organic Framework Hollow Nanospheres for High‐Efficiency Enantiomer Separation
Authors: Wang Xiaoshi , Zhu Yanan , Liu Jian , Liu Chang , Cao Changyan , Song Weiguo
Published: March 2018

Chiral ZIF‐8 hollow nanospheres with d‐histidine as part of chiral ligands (denoted as H‐d‐his‐ZIF‐8) were prepared for separation of (±)‐amine acids. Compared to bulk d‐his‐ZIF‐8 without a hollow cavity, the prepared H‐d‐his‐ZIF‐8 showed 15 times higher separation capacity and higher ee values of 90.5 % for alanine, 95.2 % for glutamic acid and 92.6 % for lysine, respectively.
Uniform Quantized Synchronization for Chaotic Neural Networks with Successive Packet Dropouts
Authors: Niu Yichun , Sheng Li
Published: March 2018

In this paper, the problem of uniform quantized synchronization is investigated for chaotic neural networks with packet dropouts. By means of the stochastic analysis approach and inequality technique, sufficient conditions are derived under which the synchronization error system is exponentially ultimately bounded in mean square. Finally, a numerical example is provided to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed results.
An Adaptive Passivity‐Based Controller of a Buck‐Boost Converter with a Constant Power Load
Authors: He Wei , Ortega Romeo , Machado Juan E. , Li Shihua
Published: March 2018

This paper addresses the problem of regulating the output voltage of a DC‐DC buck‐boost converter feeding a constant power load, which is a problem of current practical interest. Designing a stabilising controller is theoretically challenging because its average model is a bilinear second order system that, due to the presence of the constant power load, is non‐minimum phase with respect to both states. Moreover, to design a high‐performance controller, the knowledge of the extracted load power, which is difficult to measure in industrial applications, is required. In this paper, an adaptive interconnection and damping assignment passivity‐based control—that incorporates the immersion and invariance parameter estimator for the load power—is proposed to solve the problem. Some detailed simulations are provided to validate the transient behaviour of the proposed controller and compare it with the performance of a classical PD scheme.
Confirmation of the detection of B modes in the Planck polarization maps
Authors: Nørgaard‐Nielsen H. U.
Published: March 2018

One of the main problems of extracting the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from submm/mm observations is correcting for the galactic components, mainly synchrotron, free–free, and thermal dust emission, with the required accuracy. Through a series of papers, it has been demonstrated that this task can be fulfilled by means of simple neural networks with high confidence. The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the CMB BB power spectrum detected in the Planck 2015 polarization maps is present in the improved Planck 2017 maps with higher signal‐to‐noise ratio. Two features have been detected in the EB power spectrum in the new dataset, both with S/N ∼ 4. The origin of these features is most likely leakage from E to B with a level of about 1%. This leakage does not significantly contribute to the detected BB power spectrum. The TB power spectrum is consistent with a zero signal. Altogether, the BB power spectrum is not consistent with the “canonical” tensor‐to‐scalar models combined with gravitational lensing spectra. These results will provide additional strong arguments for support to the proposed polarization satellite projects to follow up on the Planck mission.
Understanding environmental contributions to autism: Causal concepts and the state of science
Authors: Hertz‐Picciotto Irva , Schmidt Rebecca J. , Krakowiak Paula
Published: March 2018

The complexity of neurodevelopment, the rapidity of early neurogenesis, and over 100 years of research identifying environmental influences on neurodevelopment serve as backdrop to understanding factors that influence risk and severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This Keynote Lecture, delivered at the May 2016 annual meeting of the International Society for Autism Research, describes concepts of causation, outlines the trajectory of research on nongenetic factors beginning in the 1960s, and briefly reviews the current state of this science. Causal concepts are introduced, including root causes; pitfalls in interpreting time trends as clues to etiologic factors; susceptible time windows for exposure; and implications of a multi‐factorial model of ASD. An historical background presents early research into the origins of ASD. The epidemiologic literature from the last fifteen years is briefly but critically reviewed for potential roles of, for example, air pollution, pesticides, plastics, prenatal vitamins, lifestyle and family factors, and maternal obstetric and metabolic conditions during her pregnancy. Three examples from the case‐control CHildhood Autism Risks from Genes and the Environment Study are probed to illustrate methodological approaches to central challenges in observational studies: capturing environmental exposure; causal inference when a randomized controlled clinical trial is either unethical or infeasible; and the integration of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences on development. We conclude with reflections on future directions, including exposomics, new technologies, the microbiome, gene‐by‐environment interaction in the era of –omics, and epigenetics as the interface of those two. As the environment is malleable, this research advances the goal of a productive and fulfilling life for all children, teen‐agers and adults. Autism Res 2018, 11: 554–586. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

This Keynote Lecture, delivered at the 2016 meeting of the International Society for Autism Research, discusses evidence from human epidemiologic studies of prenatal factors contributing to autism, such as pesticides, maternal nutrition and her health. There is no single cause for autism. Examples highlight the features of a high‐quality epidemiology study, and what comprises a compelling case for causation. Emergent research directions hold promise for identifying potential interventions to reduce disabilities, enhance giftedness, and improve lives of those with ASD.
The psychrotrophic yeast Sporobolomyces roseus LOCK 1119 as a source of a highly active aspartic protease for the in vitro production of antioxidant peptides
Authors: Białkowska Aneta M. , Krysiak Joanna , Florczak Tomasz , Szulczewska Katarzyna M. , Wanarska Marta , Turkiewicz Marianna
Published: March 2018

A psychrotrophic yeast strain producing a cold‐adapted protease at low temperature was classified as Sporobolomyces roseus. In standard YPG medium, S. roseus LOCK 1119 synthesized an extracellular protease with an activity of approximately 560 U/L. Optimization of medium composition and process temperature considerably enhanced enzyme biosynthesis; an approximate 70% increase in activity (2060 U/L). The native enzyme was purified to homogeneity by cation exchange chromatography followed by a size exclusion step, resulting in a 103‐fold increase in specific activity (660 U/mg) with 25% recovery. The enzyme displayed 10%–30% of its maximum activity at 0–25 °C, with the optimum temperature being 50°C. Protease G8 was strongly inactivated by pepstatin A, an aspartic protease inhibitor. The enzyme was used to hydrolyze four natural substrates, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl. The highest antioxidant activity (69%) was recorded for beef casein.
A microscale HPLC‐UV method for the determination of latamoxef in plasma: An adapted method for therapeutic drug monitoring in neonates
Authors: Dong Qian , Shi Hai‐Yan , Kou Chen , Huang Xin , Shen A‐Dong , Zhao Wei
Published: March 2018

Latamoxef, a broad‐spectrum anti‐bacterial agent of the β‐lactam antibiotics, is used off‐label in treatment of neonatal sepsis. Large inter‐individual variability and uncertainty of treatment make therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) useful to optimize antimicrobial therapy. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a simple, selective and reliable HPLC method for the determination of latamoxef in small volumes of plasma, which could be used in neonatal TDM. After a simple protein precipitation, analytes were separated with liquid chromatography and quantified by UV detection, with tinidazole as the internal standard. The calibration range was linear from 3.0 to 60.0 μg/mL. Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were < 7.2%. The acceptance criteria of accuracy (between 85 and 115%, 120% for lower limit of quantification) were met in all cases. A plasma volume of 50 μL was required to achieve the limit of quantification of 3.0 μg/mL. The TDM results showed a large variability in trough concentrations. A large number of patients were underdosed, highlighting the unmet need for TDM to optimize latamoxef therapy in neonates.
Effects of top leadership culture and strategic sustainability orientation on sustainable development among Malaysian herbal‐based SMEs
Authors: Abdullahi Muhammad Auwal , Mohamed Zainalabidin , Shamsudin Mad Nasir , Sharifuddin Juwaidah , Ali Fazlin
Published: March 2018

Entrepreneurial activities cause a disastrous effect on us and our future generation due to its contribution to environmental degradation. Because of this, sustainable entrepreneurship practice becomes a resolution of ecological problems capable of addressing business change issues, public health, and safety concerns and crucial for sustainable development. Pollution was identified causing environmental degradation among the upstream and downstream players in Malaysian herbal industry. In response, the Malaysian government focused on ensuring that herbal‐based small and medium enterprises (SMEs) produce products through safe and environmentally friendly practices. Literature suggests that organizational culture influences sustainable entrepreneurship practice among small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises, hence provide them the opportunities to achieve sustainable business development. Nonetheless, its implementation among SMEs is still low due to numerous challenges. This paper intends to investigate the standpoints of herbal‐based SMEs on the influence of top leadership culture and strategic sustainability orientation on sustainable entrepreneurship practice towards achieving sustainable development. This study surveyed 300 herbal‐based SMEs in Malaysia, and data were analyzed using structural equation model. Structural equation model displays the interrelations among latent constructs and observable variables in a model. The results show that top leadership culture has both direct and indirect effect on sustainable practices through strategic sustainability orientation, accounting for 71.049% variance. Findings reveal that both top leadership culture and strategic sustainability orientation are significantly related to sustainable entrepreneurship practice among the respondents, thus substantiates and support previous findings on the crucial roles of top leadership culture and strategic sustainability orientation in enabling organizations to achieve sustainable development.
Shedding light on the determinants of eco‐innovation: A meta‐analytic study
Authors: Zubeltzu‐Jaka Eugenio , Erauskin‐Tolosa Artitzar , Heras‐Saizarbitoria Iñaki
Published: March 2018

In the past decade a stream of studies has analyzed the determinants of eco‐innovation. Four main clusters of drivers have been identified in the literature: “technology push,” “market pull,” “regulatory push‐pull,” and “firm specific factors.” Nevertheless, the empirical quantitative and comparative analysis of those clusters is rare, scattered and inconclusive. This article aims to fill this gap by analyzing the determinants of eco‐innovation on the basis of a meta‐analytic study of quantitative empirical studies published over the period 2006 to 2017—a meta‐analysis which accounts for a total of 211,123 firms. The findings show that firms with collaborative networks and/or more environmental concern are more prone to eco‐innovate, emphasizing the role of “technology push” as the main cluster of determinants, regardless of whether a typology of eco‐innovation is included as a moderator in the meta‐analysis. Based on the results of the meta‐analytic study, the paper discusses several courses of action to foster eco‐innovation and achieve environmental benefits.
Statistical evaluation of mathematics lecture performances by soft computing approach
Authors: Gavrilović Snežana , Denić Nebojša , Petković Dalibor , Živić Nebojša V. , Vujičić Slađana
Published: March 2018

Mathematics lectures could be very challenging task for the both, teachers and pupils, since there are large education material which should be acquired throughout 1 year. Therefore there is need to improve the lectures in order to make it more interesting and attractive for pupils especially. In order to find a way how to improve the lectures, there is need to make statistical analysis in order to detect which factors are the most dominant for the mathematics lecture performance. For such a purpose, in this study soft computing approach, namely, adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was used. The ANFIS should determine what the qualitative influence of the several factors on the mathematics performance is. The results confirm that the application for education software could produce the best results in mathematics lecture.
Significant variations in the cervical cancer screening rate in China by individual‐level and geographical measures of socioeconomic status: a multilevel model analysis of a nationally representative survey dataset
Authors: Bao Heling , Zhang Lei , Wang Limin , Zhang Mei , Zhao Zhenping , Fang Liwen , Cong Shu , Zhou Maigeng , Wang Linhong
Published: March 2018

Variations in cervical cancer screening rates in China have rarely been studied in depth. This study aimed to investigate cervical cancer screening rates in relation to both individual‐level and geographical measures of socioeconomic status (SES). Data were obtained from women aged 21 years or older by face‐to‐face interviews between August 2013 and July 2014 as part of the Chinese Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Surveillance. The geographical variables were obtained from the 2010 Chinese population census. The cervical cancer screening rates and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated and mapped. Multilevel logistic regression models were fitted. Overall, only 21.4% (95% CI: 19.6–23.1%) of 91,816 women aged ≥21 years reported having ever been screened for cervical cancer and significant geographical variations at both province and county levels were identified (P < 0.01). The cervical cancer screening rates were the lowest among the poor [13.9% (95% CI: 12.1–15.7%)], uninsured [14.4% (95% CI: 10.3–18.4%)], less‐educated [16.0% (95% CI: 14.3–17.6%)], and agricultural employment [18.1% (95% CI: 15.8–20.4%)] women along with those residing in areas of low economic status [15.0% (95% CI: 11.8–18.2%)], of low urbanization [15.6% (95% CI: 13.4–17.7%)], and of low education status [16.0% (95% CI: 14.0–18.1%)]. The multilevel analysis also indicated that women with lower individual‐level measures of SES residing in areas with low geographical measures of SES were significantly less likely to receive cervical cancer screening (P < 0.0001). Despite the launch of an organized cancer screening program in China, cervical cancer screening rates remain alarmingly low and significant variations based on geographical regions and measures of SES still exist. It is therefore essential to adopt strategies to better direct limited available public resources to priority groups.
Epidemiology of multiple myeloma in 17 Latin American countries: an update
Authors: Curado Maria Paula , Oliveira Max M. , Silva Diego R. M. , Souza Dyego L. B.
Published: March 2018

The objective of this study was to describe incidence, mortality rates, and trends for multiple myeloma (MM) in Latin America (LA), contributing to better knowledge on the epidemiology of MM in this continent. Incidence data were extracted from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), for the period 1990–2007. Mortality data were obtained for 17 countries from the World Health Organization, for the period 1995–2013. Annual average percentage change (AAPC) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated for incidence and mortality. The average incidence rate of MM was higher in Cali (Colombia). For the age‐group over 60 years old, rates were 14.2 and 12.8 per 100,000 inhabitants for men and women, respectively. Increasing incidence trends were verified for Cali (Colombia). Mortality rates were higher among men; most countries presented increasing trends, and the highest increments were observed in Guatemala (12.5% [95% CI: 10.6; 14.5] in men; 8.8% [95% CI: 7.8; 9.8] in women), Ecuador (5.5% [95% CI: 5.0; 6.0] in men; 3.7 [95% CI: 3.1; 4.3] in women), Paraguay (2.9% [95% CI: 2.3; 3.5] in men; 3.2% [95% CI: 2.1; 4.3] in women), and Brazil (1.4% [95% CI: 1.3; 1.5] in men; 0.9% [95% CI: 0.8; 1.0] in women). Multiple myeloma presented heterogeneous incidence patterns in Cali (Colombia), Quito (Ecuador), and Costa Rica. Increasing mortality trends were verified for most Latin American countries and could be related to limited access to diagnosis and new therapies.
Correlating colorectal cancer risk with field carcinogenesis progression using partial wave spectroscopic microscopy
Authors: Gladstein Scott , Damania Dhwanil , Almassalha Luay M. , Smith Lauren T. , Gupta Varun , Subramanian Hariharan , Rex Douglas K. , Roy Hemant K. , Backman Vadim
Published: March 2018

Prior to the development of a localized cancerous tumor, diffuse molecular, and structural alterations occur throughout an organ due to genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. This process is known as field carcinogenesis. In this study, we used partial wave spectroscopic (PWS) microscopy to explore the progression of field carcinogenesis by measuring samples collected from 190 patients with a range of colonic history (no history, low‐risk history, and high‐risk history) and current colon health (healthy, nondiminutive adenomas (NDA; ≥5 mm and <10 mm), and advanced adenoma [AA; ≥10 mm, HGD, or >25% villous features]). The low‐risk history groups include patients with a history of NDA. The high‐risk history groups include patients with either a history of AA or colorectal cancer (CRC). PWS is a nanoscale‐sensitive imaging technique which measures the organization of intracellular structure. Previous studies have shown that PWS is sensitive to changes in the higher‐order (20–200 nm) chromatin topology that occur due to field carcinogenesis within histologically normal cells. The results of this study show that these nanoscale structural alterations are correlated with a patient's colonic history, which suggests that PWS can detect altered field carcinogenic signatures even in patients with negative colonoscopies. Furthermore, we developed a model to calculate the 5‐year risk of developing CRC for each patient group. We found that our data fit this model remarkably well (R2 = 0.946). This correlation suggests that PWS could potentially be used to monitor CRC progression less invasively and in patients without adenomas, which opens PWS to many potential cancer care applications.
An open‐label, dose‐ranging study of Rolontis, a novel long‐acting myeloid growth factor, in breast cancer
Authors: Vacirca Jeffrey L. , Chan Arlene , Mezei Klára , Adoo Clarence S. , Pápai Zsuzsanna , McGregor Kimberly , Okera Meena , Horváth Zsolt , Landherr László , Hanslik Jerzy , Hager Steven J. , Ibrahim Emad N. , Rostom Makharadze , Bhat Gajanan , Choi Mi Rim , Reddy Guru , Tedesco Karen L. , Agajanian Richy , Láng István , Schwartzberg Lee S.
Published: March 2018

This randomized, open‐label, active‐controlled study investigated the safety and efficacy of three doses of Rolontis (eflapegrastim), a novel, long‐acting myeloid growth factor, versus pegfilgrastim in breast cancer patients being treated with docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (TC). The primary efficacy endpoint was duration of severe neutropenia (DSN) during the first cycle of treatment. Patients who were candidates for adjuvant/neoadjuvant TC chemotherapy were eligible for participation. TC was administered on Day 1, followed by 45, 135, or 270 μg/kg Rolontis or 6 mg pegfilgrastim on Day 2. Complete blood counts were monitored daily when the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) fell to <1.5 × 109/L. Up to four cycles of TC were investigated. The difference in DSN (time from ANC <0.5 × 109/L to ANC recovery ≥2.0 × 109/L) between the Rolontis and pegfilgrastim groups was −0.28 days (confidence interval [CI]: −0.56, −0.06) at 270 μg/kg, 0.14 days (CI: −0.28, 0.64) at 135 μg/kg, and 0.72 days (CI: 0.19, 1.27) at 45 μg/kg. Noninferiority to pegfilgrastim was demonstrated at 135 μg/kg (P = 0.002) and 270 μg/kg (P < .001), with superiority demonstrated at 270 μg/kg (0.03 days; P = 0.023). The most common treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) were bone pain, myalgia, arthralgia, back pain, and elevated white blood cell counts, with similar incidences across groups. All doses of Rolontis were well tolerated, and no new or significant treatment‐related toxicities were observed. In Cycle 1, Rolontis demonstrated noninferiority at the 135 μg/kg dose and statistical superiority in DSN at the 270 μg/kg dose when compared to pegfilgrastim.
Serum exosomal microRNAs combined with alpha‐fetoprotein as diagnostic markers of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yurong , Zhang Chunyan , Zhang Pengjun , Guo Guanghong , Jiang Tao , Zhao Xiumei , Jiang Jingjing , Huang Xueliang , Tong Hongli , Tian Yaping
Published: March 2018

Exosomal microRNAs have recently been studied as the potential diagnostic marker for various malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate serum exosomal microRNA profiles as HCC diagnostic marker. Transmission electron microscopy and Western blot were used to identify serum exosomes. Deep sequencing was performed to screen differentially expressed microRNAs between HCC (n = 5) and liver cirrhosis (LC, n = 5) groups. Three upregulated and two downregulated microRNAs were selected for qPCR analysis. The levels of selected microRNAs were normalized to Caenorhabditis elegans miR‐39 microRNA mimics. Serum exosomal level of miR‐122, miR‐148a, and miR‐1246 was further analyzed and significantly higher in HCC than LC and normal control (NC) groups (P < 0.001), but not different from chronic hepatitis group (P > 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of candidate microRNAs. Area under the curve (AUC) of miR‐148a was 0.891 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.809–0.947] in discriminating HCC from LC, remarkably higher than alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) (AUC: 0.712, 95% CI: 0.607–0.803). Binary logistic regression was adopted to establish the diagnostic model for discriminating HCC from LC. And the combination of miR‐122, miR‐148a, and AFP increased the AUC to 0.931 (95% CI, 0.857–0.973), which can also be applied for distinguishing early HCC from LC. miR‐122 was the best for differentiating HCC from NC (AUC: 0.990, 95% CI, 0.945–1.000). These data suggest that serum exosomal microRNAs signature or their combination with traditional biomarker may be used as a suitable peripheral screening tool for HCC.
Human papillomavirus and survival of patients per histological subsite of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Haeggblom Linnea , Attoff Tove , Hammarstedt‐Nordenvall Lalle , Näsman Anders
Published: March 2018

Current data advocate that oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) should be divided into subsites when evaluating the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and prognosis. More specifically, tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (BOTSCC) have much higher HPV prevalence compared to other OPSCC. Moreover, patients with HPV positive (HPV+) TSCC and BOTSCC have a better prognosis as compared to patients with HPV negative (HPV−) corresponding tumors, while the prognostic role of HPV in other OPSCC is unclear. Furthermore, in a recent report from Denmark, TSCC was further subclassified into specified TSCC (STSCC) and nonspecified TSCC (NSTSCC), with HPV significantly more prevalent in STSCC. In this study, the histopathological influence of HPV prevalence and survival in TSCC was analyzed in a TSCC cohort with known HPV status, of patients diagnosed 1970–2002 in Stockholm. In total, 139 TSCC biopsies with both tumor and adjacent normal tissue were separated into STSCC and NSTSCC. HPV was significantly more commonly found in STSCC than in NSTSCC. Patients with HPV+ STSCC had a better disease‐specific and overall survival as compared to patients with HPV+ NSTSCC, but no survival differences were observed in patients with HPV− STSCC and NSTCC. These findings confirm previous reports and suggest that TSCC subsite may also be of relevance for clinical outcome and should be further followed up in future studies.
lncRNA‐NKILA/NF‐κB feedback loop modulates laryngeal cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and radioresistance
Authors: Yang Tao , Li Shisheng , Liu Jiajia , Yin Danhui , Yang Xinming , Tang Qinglai
Published: March 2018

Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common head and neck malignant tumors and is commonly resistant to X‐ray‐based radiotherapy. NF‐κB interacting lncRNA (NKILA) has been reported to serve as a tumor suppressor in several cancers through combining with NF‐κB: IκB complex thereby inhibiting NF‐κB activation. Herein, we demonstrated a low NKILA expression in laryngeal cancer and its correlation with shorter overall survival in patients with laryngeal cancer. NKILA serves as a tumor suppressor in laryngeal cancer by suppressing laryngeal cancer cell viability and migration, whereas promoting cell apoptosis; NKILA knockdown reverses the cytotoxicity of X‐ray radiation on laryngeal cancer cells through combining with NF‐κB: IκB complex to inhibit IκB phosphorylation, inhibit p65 nuclear translocation, and finally inhibit NF‐κB activation. NF‐κB binds to the promoter region of NKILA to activate its transcriptional activity, upregulated NKILA then inhibits IκB phosphorylation and NF‐κB activation, thus forming a negative feedback loop to sensitize laryngeal cancer cell to X‐ray radiation. In conclusion, NKILA can serve as a promising agent of enhancing the cytotoxicity of X‐ray radiation on laryngeal cancer and addressing the radioresistance of laryngeal cancer.
Importance of the site of positive surgical margin in salvage external beam radiation therapy for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Kashihara Tairo , Nakamura Satoshi , Wakita Akihisa , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Inaba Koji , Umezawa Rei , Shima Satoshi , Tsuchida Keisuke , Kobayashi Kazuma , Takahashi Kana , Murakami Naoya , Ito Yoshinori , Igaki Hiroshi , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Uno Takashi , Itami Jun
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study was to examine long‐term outcomes in patients who received salvage radiotherapy (SRT) for biochemical recurrence (BRec) of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (RP). One hundred and twenty patients with prostate cancer who underwent SRT for BRec after RP without evidence of clinical disease were identified in our institution from 2002 to 2014. Prescription doses to prostate beds were 64.8 Gy with a fractional dose of 1.8 Gy in 96.7% of the patients. In three‐dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D‐CRT), the seminal vesicle bed (SVB) was not included in the radiation fields. The prognostic factors for BRec‐free survival (BRFS) and incidence of acute and late toxicities were investigated. Median follow‐up duration after SRT was 64.9 months. The 5‐year rates of BRFS, overall survival (OS), cause‐specific survival (CSS), and clinical recurrence‐free survival (CRFS) were 39.2%, 98.3%, 97.0%, and 91.9%, respectively. Only two patients experienced late grade 3 toxicity of hematuria. Multivariate analysis revealed that BRFS was significantly favorable in patients with prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) values <0.5 ng/mL at the initiation of SRT and pathological Gleason score not including Gleason grade 5. In patients treated with 3D‐CRT, a positive surgical margin at the base of the prostate influenced BRFS unfavorably in comparison with positive surgical margins at other sites. SRT for patients with BRec after RP was performed very safely in our institution. However, to improve BRFS, adequate inclusion of the SVB appears mandatory, especially in cases of positive surgical margins at the base of the prostate.
Re‐irradiation of recurrent gliomas: pooled analysis and validation of an established prognostic score—report of the Radiation Oncology Group (ROG) of the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)
Authors: Combs Stephanie E. , Niyazi Maximilian , Adeberg Sebastian , Bougatf Nina , Kaul David , Fleischmann Daniel F. , Gruen Arne , Fokas Emmanouil , Rödel Claus M. , Eckert Franziska , Paulsen Frank , Oehlke Oliver , Grosu Anca‐Ligia , Seidlitz Annekatrin , Lattermann Annika , Krause Mechthild , Baumann Michael , Guberina Maja , Stuschke Martin , Budach Volker , Belka Claus , Debus Jürgen , Kessel Kerstin A.
Published: March 2018

The heterogeneity of high‐grade glioma recurrences remains an ongoing challenge for the interdisciplinary neurooncology team. Response to re‐irradiation (re‐RT) is heterogeneous, and survival data depend on prognostic factors such as tumor volume, primary histology, age, the possibility of reresection, or time between primary diagnosis and initial RT and re‐RT. In the present pooled analysis, we gathered data from radiooncology centers of the DKTK Consortium and used it to validate the established prognostic score by Combs et al. and its modification by Kessel et al. Data consisted of a large independent, multicenter cohort of 565 high‐grade glioma patients treated with re‐RT from 1997 to 2016 and a median dose of 36 Gy. Primary RT was between 1986 and 2015 with a median dose of 60 Gy. Median age was 54 years; median follow‐up was 7.1 months. Median OS after re‐RT was 7.5, 9.5, and 13.8 months for WHO IV, III, and I/II gliomas, respectively. All six prognostic factors were tested for their significance on OS. Aside from the time from primary RT to re‐RT (P = 0.074) and the reresection status (P = 0.101), all factors (primary histology, age, KPS, and tumor volume) were significant. Both the original and new score showed a highly significant influence on survival with P < 0.001. Both prognostic scores successfully predict survival after re‐RT and can easily be applied in the routine clinical workflow. Now, further prognostic features need to be found to even improve treatment decisions regarding neurooncological interventions for recurrent glioma patients.
A prospective study of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and adipokines in association with pancreatic cancer in postmenopausal women
Authors: White Donna L. , Hoogeveen Ron C. , Chen Liang , Richardson Peter , Ravishankar Milan , Shah Preksha , Tinker Lesley , Rohan Thomas , Whitsel Eric A. , El‐Serag Hashem B. , Jiao Li
Published: March 2018

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) dysregulate adipokines and induce inflammation by binding to their adipocyte receptor (RAGE). Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) prevents AGEs/RAGE signaling. We performed a nested case–control study of the association between sRAGE, adipokines, and incident pancreatic cancer risk in the prospective Women's Health Initiative Study. We individually matched controls (n = 802) to cases (n = 472) on age, race, and blood draw date. We evaluated serum concentrations of sRAGE, adiponectin, leptin, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI1) using immunoassay. We used conditional logistic regression model to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pancreatic cancer over biomarker quartiles (Q1–Q4). We used principal component analysis to create two composite biomarkers and performed a confirmatory factor analysis to examine the association between composite biomarker scores (CBS) and pancreatic cancer risk. Baseline serum sRAGE concentrations were inversely associated with pancreatic cancer risk (aORQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.50–0.99). High MCP1 (aOR Q4 vs. Q1 = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.41–4.61) and the higher CBS including MCP1, PAI1, and leptin (aORQ4 vs. Q1 = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.04–3.18) were also associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk among women with BMI <25 kg/m2 (P values for interaction <0.05). We found an inverse association between prediagnostic sRAGE concentrations and risk of incident pancreatic cancer in postmenopausal women. A proinflammatory CBS was associated with increased risk only in women with normal BMI. MCP1 was not modulated by sRAGE.