bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FHL3 promotes the formation of fast glycolytic muscle fibers by interacting with YY1 and muscle glycolytic metabolism
Authors: Bai Wei , Zhang Yunxia , Ma Jun , Du Mengmeng , Xu Haiyang , Wang Jian , Zhang Lu , Li Wentao , Hou Yunqing , Liu Xiaomeng , Zhang Xinyue , Peng Yaxin , Li Jianan , Zhan Xizhen , Jiang Wei , Liu Shengsi , Liu Xiao , Li Qinying , Miao Yang , Sui Mengru , Yang Yuhan , Xu Zaiyan , Zuo Bo
Published: November 2022

The proportions of the various muscle fiber types are important in the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism, as well as animal meat production. Four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 3 (FHL3) is highly expressed in fast glycolytic muscle fibers and differentially regulates the expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms at the cellular level. Whether FHL3 regulates the transformation of muscle fiber types in vivo and the regulatory mechanism are unclear. In this study, muscle-specific FHL3 transgenic mice were generated by random integration, and lentivirus-mediated gene knockdown or overexpression in muscles of mice or pigs was conducted. Functional analysis showed that overexpression of FHL3 in muscles significantly increased the proportion of fast-twitch myofibers and muscle mass but decreased muscle succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and whole-body oxygen consumption. Lentivirus-mediated FHL3 knockdown in muscles significantly decreased muscle mass and the proportion of fast-twitch myofibers. Mechanistically, FHL3 directly interacted with the Yin yang 1(YY1) DNA-binding domain, repressed the binding of YY1 to the fast glycolytic MyHC2b gene 5' regulatory region, and thereby decreased MyHC2b expression. FHL3 also competed with EZH2 to bind the repression domain of YY1 and reduced H3K27me3 enrichment in the MyHC2b regulatory region. Moreover, FHL3 overexpression reduced glucose tolerance by affecting muscle glycolytic metabolism, and its mRNA expression in muscle was positively associated with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, FHL3 is a novel potential target gene for the treatment of muscle metabolism-related diseases and improvement of animal meat production.
Production of xylooligosaccharides and monosaccharides from switchgrass by FeCl3 hydrolysis combined with sodium perborate pretreatment
Authors: Gao Kaikai , Chen Yu , Wang Hanxing , Quan Xiyu , Chu Jie , Zhang Junhua
Published: November 2022

The production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) using metal salt-catalyzed hydrolysis has the advantages of rapid reaction and mild conditions. At present, no metal salt has been reported that can be used to produce XOS from switchgrass. In this study, the productions of XOS from switchgrass using the hydrolysis of FeCl3 and that of FeCl2 were compared with each other, and the residual lignin in FeCl3-hydrolyzed switchgrass was removed using sodium perborate (SPB) for producing monosaccharides. The highest XOS (X2-X6) of 40.7% was obtained from switchgrass using the hydrolysis of 25 mM FeCl3 at 160°C for 50 min. The optimized conditions for the SPB pretreatment of FeCl3-hydrolyzed switchgrass were 8% (w/v) SPB, 70°C, and 4 h, which removed 75.5% of lignin and retained 90.5% of glucan. After the hydrolysis of switchgrass’s solid residue using cellulase, 87.5% glucose and 95.0% xylose were obtained. The results suggest that the hydrolysis of FeCl3 combined with SPB pretreatment is an efficient novel method for producing XOS and monosaccharides from switchgrass under relatively mild conditions.
Efficient determination of the Hamiltonian and electronic properties using graph neural network
Authors: Gong Xinggao , Su Mao , Yang Jihui , Xiang Hongjun
Published: November 2022

Despite past decades have witnessed many successes of machine learning methods in physical sciences, prediction of the Hamiltonian, and thus electronic properties, is still unsatisfactory. Here, based on graph neural network architecture, we present an extendable neural network model to determine the Hamiltonian from ab initio data, with only local atomic structures as inputs. The local coordinates information, encoded using the convolutional neural network and designed to preserve Hermitian symmetry, is used to map hopping parameters onto local structures. We demonstrate the performance of our model using graphene and SiGe random alloys as examples. We show that our neural network model, although trained using small-size systems, can predict the Hamiltonian, as well as electronic properties such as band structures and densities of states (DOS) for large-size systems within the ab initio accuracy, justifying its extensibility. In combination with the high efficiency of our model, which takes only seconds to get the Hamiltonian of a 1728-atom system, present work provides a general framework to predict electronic properties efficiently and accurately, which provides new insights into computational physics and will accelerate the research for large-scale materials.
Symmetric Peer-to-Peer Applications
Authors: Sant’Anna Francisco
Published: November 2022

In real-time networked applications, such as collaborative documents, users can interact remotelyand yet share the exact same experience as if they were using a single machine. In this work,we propose a middleware for symmetric peer-to-peer applications in which decentralized instancescan broadcast asynchronous events and yet conform to identical behavior. Peers are allowed tojoin and leave the network at any time. Application developers must adhere to a determinis-tic and stateless API. The middleware is responsible for synchronizing the events in a globalshared timeline across the network. Also, based on memory snapshots and deterministic simu-lation, a “time machine” can rollback conflicting peers to resynchronize their states. We showthat the middleware can handle applications with over 20 peers in a heterogeneous topologiesunder high churns. For instance, in a simulation scenario with a network latency of 50ms and 25 events per minute, the peers need to roll back and resynchronize only 3% of the time.
A cisplatin conjugate with tumor cell specificity exhibits antitumor effects in renal cancer models
Authors: Mrdenovic Stefan , Wang Yanping , Yin Lijuan , Chu Gina , Ou Yan , Lewis Michael , Heffer Marija , Posadas Edwin , Zhau Haiyen , Chung Leland , Edderkaoui Mouad , Pandol Stephen , Wang Ruoxiang , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2022

Background
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and is notorious for its resistance to both chemotherapy and small-molecule inhibitor targeted therapies. Subcellular targeted cancer therapy may thwart the resistance to produce a substantial effect.
Methods
We tested whether the resistance can be circumvented by subcellular targeted cancer therapy with DZ-CIS, which is a chemical conjugate of the tumor-cell specific heptamethine carbocyanine dye (HMCD) with cisplatin (CIS), a chemotherapeutic drug with limited use in ccRCC treatment because of frequent renal toxicity.
Results
DZ-CIS displayed cytocidal effects on Caki-1, 786-O, ACHN, and SN12C human ccRCC cell lines and mouse Renca cells in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited ACHN and Renca tumor formation in experimental mouse models. Noticeably, in tumor-bearing mice, repeated DZ-CIS use did not cause renal toxicity, in contrast to the CIS-treated control animals. In ccRCC tumors, DZ-CIS treatment inhibited proliferation markers but induced cell death marker levels. In addition, DZ-CIS at half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) sensitized Caki-1 cells to small-molecule mTOR inhibitors. Mechanistically, DZ-CIS selectively accumulated in ccRCC cells' subcellular organelles, where it damages the structure and function of mitochondria, leading to cytochrome C release, caspase activation, and apoptotic cancer cell death.
Conclusions
Results from this study strongly suggest DZ-CIS be tested as a safe and effective subcellular targeted cancer therapy.
Ground-Penetrating Radar System, Measurement and Data Analysis for Investigating and Understanding Tree Root System Architecture
Authors: Takahashi Kazunori , Aoike Kunio , Kajino Ken , Ishizawa Nobuaki
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Ground-penetrating radar has been used for tree root mapping as a non-destructive technique. The conventional data collection is performed on a predefined grid, which is not very suited for tree roots. A method optimised for tree roots, a system that enables the method and data analyses are proposed in the paper.
Methods: The performance of ground-penetrating radar depends on how clearly reflections are recorded and it can be optimised using a circular scan for tree roots, in contrast to the conventionally employed grid scan. A ground-penetrating radar system combined with a total station enabled us to record the accurate locations of the scans, thereby enabling the post-processing of circular scan data.
Results: Data were acquired using circular scanning around a tree. The results clearly exhibited the presence of roots. Thus, the distribution and extension of the root system were mapped. Additionally, detailed root paths were reconstructed in a 3D space based on manually selected hyperbolic signatures on B-scans. The result corresponded excellently to the actual roots observed during the excavation.
Conclusion: Tree root mapping by applying an imaging algorithm provided an easy and quick means of understanding the distribution. Further analysis enabled us to reconstruct the details of the tree root shape and distribution. Both data analyses required accurate positioning for improved results. The system and data analyses were very useful in understanding root architecture and studying the impact of subsurface conditions on the growth of tree roots.
Estimation of Glacier Mass Balance using Remote Sensing and GIS Technology in the Hindu-Kush region of northern Pakistan
Authors: Bibi Sidra , Shafique Muhammad Shafique , Ali neelum , Naznin Sehla , Liaqat Liaqat , Baig Siddique Uallah , Gul Rehman
Published: November 2022

The Hindu Kush range of northern Pakistan has a large variety of Alpine and valley glaciers. These glaciers are subjected to volumetric changes owing to a host of factors (i.e., altitude, slope, glacier types, and aspect). The geodetic survey and field-based data are not available for assessment of glacier’s ELA for the Hindu Kush due to rough topography and rigorous climate. However, the mass balance of the alpine and valley glaciers can be obtained through Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) and Accumulation Area Ratio (AAR). Therefore, this study deals with the estimation of ELA, the hypsometrically controlled methods based on AAR and Accumulation Area Balance Ratio (AABR). The various ratio of AAR and AABR is applied to obtain the glacier ELAs of valley glaciers. AAR-ELAs are estimated based on ratios between 0.4–0.8 with 0.05 interval a d 0.67–4.4 with 0.01 for AABR-ELAs Moreover, the glacier contours with the interval of 50 m ± 5 m are employed for these estimations. This technique adjusted glacier hypsometry and area with the constant AAR ratio (rather than constant glacier area) to calculate the ELA variations. The results show that for AAR (0.5), 50m ELA declined from 5409 to 5359 m and reducing 4% the geometric area. The maximum decrease of 150 m ELA for these glaciers is reported for the AAR-AABR ratio 0.1–4.4, showing a significant decrease. The estimated decrease in the glacier area of Hindu-Kush glaciers is extremely variable specifically in Phargam, Khorabohr and Gordoghan.
Surgical landmarks for identification and preservation of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
Authors: Türk Bilge , Canda Buket , Pençe Kadriye Betül , Yüzbaşıoğlu Neslihan , Turgut Suat
Published: November 2022

Objective: To determine the topographical anatomic features of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (ibSLN) at the thyrohyoid membrane entrance area in relation to certain consistent anatomical structures.
Material-Method: Twenty-two fresh adult head cadavers (9 male, 13 female; age range 52- 95 years) with no signs of abnormality in the neck were dissected to determine the anatomic relationship of ibSLN and superior border of thyroid cartilage, thyroid notch, carotis bifurcation, hyoid corpus and hyoid greater cornus.
Result: The topographical relationship between ibSLN and superior border of thyroid cartilage, thyroid notch, carotis bifurcation, hyoid corpus and hyoid greater cornus was identified bilaterally in all cadavers.
Conclusion: We provided the surgical anatomy and important landmarks for determining the internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve in the thyrohyoid membrane entrance region to avoid surgical damage during surgeries of this region.
Association between statin use and open-angle glaucoma: A nested case–control study using the Japanese claims database
Authors: Yokoyama Satoshi , Nakagawa Chihiro , Hosomi Kouichi
Published: November 2022

Background: The association between statins and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) remains controversial.
Aim: This study investigated the relationship between statins and OAG in Japanese patients with dyslipidemia using the Japanese administrative claims database.
Methods: A nested case–control study using two models was conducted using the JMDC claims database (01/2005–01/2020). The onset of OAG: index date was defined as the diagnosis of glaucoma, prescription of anti-glaucoma drugs, or surgery of glaucoma. For each case, 10 age-, sex-, and calendar year/month-matched controls were randomly selected from the risk sets. The number of statin prescriptions during the exposure period, which was identified as the12-month (model 1) or 24-month (model 2) periods prior to the index date, was used as an indicator for statin exposure. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses.
Results: We identified 378,494 patients with newly diagnosed dyslipidemia. Of them, 6,281 cases and 62,804 controls (model 1) and 4,229 cases and 42,284 controls (model 2) were selected. Significant risk factors commonly identified in the two models were diabetes mellitus, myopia, and steroid use. Statin use was not identified as a significant risk factor for OAG (model 1: aOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.94–1.05, model 2: aOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.90–1.03).
Conclusion: Compared with non-exposure, short-term exposure (<2 years) to statins was not related to increased risk of OAG in Japanese working-age population with dyslipidemia.
Concentration Levels of BDNF, PI3K, AKT, and CREB Predict Depressed Mood and Impulsive Behavior in First-Episode Drug- Naive Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Li Shan , Lu Cailian , Kang Lin , Li Qianqian , Chen Hongxu , Zhang Han , Tang Ziling , Lin Yanwen , Bai Meiyan , Xiong Peng
Published: November 2022

Background
The pathogenesis of schizophrenia remains unknown. Nearly half of the patients with schizophrenia have a combination of depressive symptoms and even some impulsive behaviors. Accurate diagnosis of this disorder has been a great challenge. Molecular biology plays an important role in the study of its pathogenesis.
Objective
This study is committed to analyze the correlation between depressed mood and impulsive behavior and serum protein factor levels in first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia patients.
Methods
Seventy first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia patients and 69 healthy controls from a physical examination center during the same period participated in this study. Peripheral blood concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) were measured using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in the patient and control groups. The Chinese version of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) was used to assess depressed mood. The Chinese version of the Short UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (S-UPPS-P) was used to assess impulsive behavior.
Results
Serum BDNF, PI3K and CREB concentrations in the patient group were lower than those in the control group, while AKT concentrations were higher than those in the control group. The total CDSS and S-UPPS-P scores were higher in the patient group than in the control group. The total CDSS score was negatively correlated with the concentrations of BDNF, PI3K and CREB, and positively correlated with the concentrations of AKT in the patient group. The total S-UPPS-P score in the patient group was negatively correlated with BDNF, PI3K, and CREB concentrations and positively correlated with AKT concentrations. Premeditation subscore of S-UPPS-P was not significantly correlated with BDNF, PI3K, AKT, and CREB concentrations.
Conclusion
Our findings show significant differences between the levels of BDNF, PI3K, AKT, and CREB concentrations in the peripheral blood of patients with first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia and controls. The concentration levels of these serum proteins could be used as biomarkers for the prediction of mood and impulsive behavior in schizophrenia.
Saccadic Eye Movement Speed Can Explain the Large Variations in Phantom Array Effect Visibility
Authors: Kang Hyeran , Lee Chan-Su , Kim Jun-Gi , Pak Hyensou
Published: November 2022

The phantom array effect is one of the temporal light artefacts that can decrease performance and increase fatigue. The phantom array effect visibility shows large individual differences; however, the dominant factors that can explain these individual differences remain unclear. We investigated the relationship between saccadic eye movement speed and phantom array visibility at two different distances and four different directions of saccadic eye movement. The peak speed of saccadic eye movement and the phantom array effect visibility were measured at different modulation frequencies of the light source. Our results show that phantom array visibility increased as eye movement speed increased; the visibility of eye movement speed of a wide viewing distance was higher than that of a narrow one, and the peak speed of eye movement at a wide viewing distance was higher than that of a narrow one. Moreover, when clustered into subgroups according to individual eye movement speed, the mean speed of the saccadic eye movement of each subgroup can explain the variations in the visibility of the phantom array effect of the subgroup. Therefore, saccadic eye movement speed can affect the visibility of the phantom array effect.
A dual NURBS curve five-axis interpolator with interval division under axial kinematic constraints
Authors: xiao jianxin , zhang hui , Bingran Li
Published: November 2022

This paper presents an online full real-time dual non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) interpolator. Under the constraints of the kinematic parameters of the drive axis, the nonlinear effects of the five-axis CNC are solved on the basis of dual NURBS curve trajectory. Furthermore, smooth interpolation data are generated to realise machining efficiency, balance of quality and machining accuracy. After introducing the idea of ​​interval division, this research divides the tool path into instruction, transition and constant speed intervals. In order to prevent the increase of the computational burden of the numerical control system due to the too large sampling data points, the two-step scanning method is adopted to realize the precise expression of the parameter position of the starting point in each interval, and the calculation of the interval speed is studied. Further, in order to meet the real-time requirements of industrial systems and avoid inputting all trajectory segments into the system for calculation, this study proposes a prospective velocity bidirectional scanning planning method based on interval division, which realizes the segmented planning of the full trajectory. The planning result adopts the S-curve acceleration and deceleration control commonly used in the industry to realize the interpolation output. The proposed system interpolation method belongs to the online real-time processing and can be applied to the actual numerical control system. The proposed interpolator is verified by simulation and experimental tests for the cutter shaft to participate in the oblique flow impeller.
A MIMO Dielectric Resonator Antenna in single DRA Element with Reduce Mutual Coupling
Authors: Zambak Muhammad Fitra , Adam Ismahayati , Yasin Mohd Najib Mohd , Ismail Arif Mawardi , Jamaluddin Mohd Haizal
Published: November 2022

A multiple input multiple output (MIMO) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with reduced mutual coupling is presented in the paper. The antenna resonates at dual frequencies of 4.91GHz and 6.5GHz with a coupling of less than -35dB. Unlike other DRA MIMO antennas, the design proposed in this work implements a single DRA to cover both antenna elements. The mutual coupling compensation is done using a DRA with a Z-shaped hole at the bottom of the DRA. Two slots were etched on the ground plane for impedance matching of the antenna. Analysis of the optimization of the DRA structure is presented with each of the findings presented in detail. A comparison of the energy density of the proposed DRA structure with a conventional DRA structure indicates that introducing a Z-shaped hole inside the DRA reduces the coupling between the antenna elements. MIMO antenna performances such as envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, channel capacity and total active reflection were presented with all values that are justifiable for MIMO applications. The proposed DRA show an ideal DRA MIMO antenna with a less complicated design.
A cross-sectional survey of epidemiology workforce performance and its influencing factors during the emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Guangdong, China
Authors: Zheng Peng , Li Cuizhi , Zhang Yue , Feng Huiyao , Huang Bing , Liu Xiaohan , Tian Fenglin , Jiang Diwei , Ma Wenjun , Liu Tao , Liang Xiaofeng , Chen Xiongfei , Dong Xiaomei
Published: November 2022

Background
The epidemiology workforce contributes a lot to the response to COVID-19(Corona Virus Disease 2019) pandemic. Here this study focuses on the self-evaluation of the epidemiology workforce’s capacity and their impression of the cases they interviewed during the emergency response of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
This study was a cross-sectional, anonymous survey conducted in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, Dongguan and Zhuhai in Guangdong province. Data collection was performed between December 5, 2020 and December 22, 2020 through convenient sampling. A total of 596 epidemiology workforce participated in this study.
Results
Role in the team, professional title, gender, perceived social support, enough COVID-19 related training as well as experience were significantly associated with personal skills. 72.8% (429/589) and 86.3% (164/190) of participants reported they had interviewed uncooperative Chinese and foreign COVID-19 patients, respectively.
Conclusions
Epidemiology workforce needs enough training and experience to perform better in the investigation. Uncooperative patients were a big obstruction during the emergency response of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results suggest Chinese experience and strategies focusing on the improvement of the public health emergency management system, including establishing Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, enhancing training and the like.
Gut Microbiota and Host CYP450s Characteristics in the Pseudo Germ-free Model: Co-shaping Individual Metabolic Landscapes
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Wen Qiuyu , Qin Yan , Xia Quan , Shen Chenlin , Song Shuai
Published: November 2022

Background
Pseudo germ-free (PGF) model has been widely used to research the role of intestinal microbiota in drug metabolism and efficacy, while the modeling methods and the utilization of PGF model are still not standardized and unified. A comprehensive and systematic research of PGF model on the composition and function of intestinal microbiota, the changes of CYP450s enzyme expression in host and intestinal mucosal permeability in 4 different modeling cycles of the PGF groups were provided in this paper.
Results
16S rRNA sequencing was employed to compare and analyze the alpha and beta diversity, species composition, indicator species and predicted function of gut microbiota in control and PGF groups. The results showed that bacterial species richness and diversity decreased significantly in the PGF group from the first week of PGF model establishment with the antibiotic cocktail. PGF group at the fourth week of modeling possessed the least indicator genera. Moreover, the increase of intestinal mucosal permeability occurred in the second week of PGF model establishment, indicating that 1 week was appropriate time for PGF modeling with antibiotic treatment. The results of western blot displayed that the expression level of CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP2E1 in PGF group was significantly upregulated compared with the control group,, implying that the metabolic clearance of related drugs will change accordingly. The abundance of functional pathways predicted in gut microbiota changed dramatically between the control group and the PGF groups.
Conclusions
These results manifested the microbial profile and the expression characteristic of CYP450s enzymes and provides model reference for the study on individual drug metabolism differences co-affected by gut microbiota and host CYP450s enzymes.
Simultaneous determination of volatile phenol, cyanide, anionic surfactant and ammonia nitrogen in drinking, ground and surface water and in wastewater applying continuous flow analyzer
Authors: Qin Guofu , Zou Keting , He Fengrui , Shao Ji , Zuo Bei , Liu Jia , Liu Ruixiao , Yang Bixia , Zhao Guipeng
Published: November 2022

The present study aimed to develop a method for the simultaneous determination of volatile phenol, cyanide, anionic surfactant, and ammonia nitrogen in drinking, ground and surface water, as well as in wastewater, using a continuous flow analyzer. Using on-line distillation, the distillate reacts with 4-aminoantipyrine in the presence of basic potassium ferricyanide, and the amount of volatile phenol is assessed using spectrophotometry. The distillate combines with chloramine-T and then with isonicotinic acid pyrazolone to generate blue chemicals through on-line distillation. The amount of cyanide is measured using spectrophotometry and extracted on-line, the amount of anionic surfactants was measured using methylene blue spectrophotometry and extracted on-line, and ammonia is reacting with salicylate and chlorine from dichloroisocyanuric acid to produce indophenol blue at 37°C in an alkaline environment and measured at 660 nm. The relative standard deviations were 0.75%~ 2.80% and 0.36% ~ 2.26%, respectively, and the recoveries were 98% ~ 103.6% and 101% ~ 102% when the mass concentration of volatile phenol and cyanide is 2 µg/L ~ 100 µg/L, the linear correlation coefficients are greater than or equal to 0.9999, and the detection limits are 1.2 µg/L and 0.9 µg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations were 0.27% ~ 0.96% and 0.33% ~ 3.13%, and the recoveries were 94.3% ~ 107.0% and 98.0% ~ 101.7%. The mass concentration of anionic surfactant and ammonia nitrogen is 10 µg/L ~ 1000 µg/L, the linear correlation coefficients are 0.9995 and 0.9999, and the detection limits are 10.7 µg/L and 7.3 µg/L, respectively. This approach saves time and labor, has a lower detection limit, higher precision and accuracy, less contamination, and is more appropriate for the analysis and determination of large amounts of samples. When compared to the national standard method, the difference was not statistically significant.
Sec61 blockade therapy overrides resistance to proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Domenger Antoine , Ricci Daniela , Mayau Véronique , Majlessi Laleh , Marcireau Christophe , Dadaglio Gilles , Demangel Caroline
Published: November 2022

Purpose
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable neoplasm of mature B cells and the second most prevalent hematological malignancy worldwide. While combinations of proteasome inhibitors like bortezomib (Bz) and immunomodulators (IMIDs) like lenalinomide (Len) are generally effective in stopping MM development, treated patients will eventually become resistant to one or both of these drugs. Using MM cell lines and patient-derived tumors, we recently reported that blocking the Sec61 translocon with mycolactone triggers an atypical unfolded protein response synergizing with Bz to kill MM cells, and overriding resistance to Bz. To extend this work, here we examined how Sec61 blockade interferes with Len and whether it overcomes IMID resistance.
Methods
Using the MM1S model cell line and a previously established daughter with stable resistance to Bz, we genetically engineered two additional daughters with single and double resistance to Len and Bz. The four cell lines were then compared side by side for sensitivity to mycolactone, alone and combined to Bz and/or Len, in vitro and in vivo.
Results
The synergistic effect of mycolactone on Bz was maintained in both single and double drug resistant MM cells and notably, extended to Len. Double drug resistance even conferred MM cells with an increased sensitivity to Sec61 blockade. Notably, mycolactone enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of the Bz + Len combination in both mice engrafted with parental or double drug resistant MM1S.
Conclusion
These data support the interest of further evaluating Sec61 blockers in MM drug combinations and their potential for treatment of refractory or relapsed MM.
Select the optimal channel based on improved Bat optimization in the cognitive radio network
Authors: mustafa Mustafa sabah , Najm Ihab Ahmed , Al-yousif Shahad
Published: November 2022

A group of nodes that can progress execution automatically by changing their behavior to adapt to the environment is called cognitive radio networks (CRNs). Though several routing protocols inverting the CRNs decisions are proposed to combine the variable degrees of adaptation, these protocols provide quality of service (QoS) assurance to the networks. This study suggests an optimization algorithm based on one of the inspired approaches (particularly the improved bat swarm algorithm) to expedite the reconnaissance for the best paths. It is to create cognitive routing protocols, transmit data packets effectively, and impose complexities as a result of the evolving climate of the reachable spectrum. The optimization problem is being solved using this algorithm. The transmission mechanism is made scalable, effectual, and adaptive with an increasing number of nodes using the bat swarm method presented in this study. This paper suggests a method that more effectively fulfills QoS requirements and demonstrates how to control residual bandwidth, time delay, and packet loss ratio. Meanwhile, the same algorithm also favors service requirements and highlights some important characteristics of the bat swarm algorithm. Finally, simulation results illustrate that the proposed work offers efficient bandwidth exploitation.
Analysis of dog breed diversity using a composite selection index.
Authors: Hsu Wei-Tse , Williamson Peter , Khatkar Mehar Singh
Published: November 2022

During breed development, domestic dogs have undergone genetic bottlenecks and sustained selective pressures, as a result distinctive genomic diversity occurs to varying degrees within and between breed groups. This diversity can be identified using standard methods or combinations of these methods. This study explored the application of a combined selection index, composite selection signals (CSS), derived from multiple methods to an existing genotype dataset from three breed groups developed in distinct regions of Asia: Qinghai-Tibet plateau dogs, Xi dogs and Mountain hounds. The selection signature analysis confirmed top ranked genomic regions on CFA10 and CFA21 in Qinghai-Tibet plateau dogs, CFA1 in Xi dogs and CFA5 in Mountain hounds. Additional regions were found for each group, and a total of 1,394, 1,684 and 1,475 significant SNPs were identified in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau dogs, Xi dogs and Mountain hounds, respectively. Chitinase 3 Like 1 (CHI3L1) and Leucine Rich Repeat Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor 6 (LGR6) genes were located in the top ranked region on CFA7 (0.02 – 1 Mb) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau dogs. Both genes have been associated with hypoxia responses or altitude adaptation in humans. For the Xi dogs, the top ranked region on CFA25 contained the Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily C Member 4 (TRPC4) gene. This calcium channel is important for optimal muscle performance during exercise. The outstanding signals in the Mountain dogs were on CFA5 with 213 significant SNPs that spanned genes involved with cardiac development, sight and generation of biochemical energy. These findings support the use of the combined index approach for identifying regions of genome diversity in dogs. As with other methods, the regions do not prove causal links between these regions and phenotypes, but they may assist in focusing future studies that seek to identify functional pathways that contribute to breed diversity.
Performance and diagnostic accuracy of scoring systems in patients with suspected adult appendicitis
Authors: Gan David Eng Yeow , Mahmood Nik Ritza Kosai Nik , Chuah Jitt Aun , Hayati Firdaus
Published: November 2022

Background
This study aims to determine the most accurate appendicitis scoring system and optimal cutoff points for each scoring system.
Methods
This single-centred prospective cohort study was conducted from January-to-June 2021, involving all patients admitted on suspicion of appendicitis. All patients were scored according to the Alvarado score, Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha (RIPASA) score and Adult Appendicitis score (AAS). The final diagnosis for each patient was recorded. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each system. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed for each scoring system and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Optimal cutoff scores were calculated using Youden’s Index.
Results
A total of 245 patients were recruited with 198 (80.8%) patients underwent surgery. RIPASA score had the highest sensitivity (72.7%) and specificity (62.3%) at an optimal score of 8.5 with AUC 0.724, followed by the AAS (sensitivity 60.2%, specificity 75.4%, optimal score 14, AUC 0.719), AIR score (sensitivity 76.7%, specificity 52.2%, optimal score 5, AUC 0.688) and Alvarado score (sensitivity 69.9%, specificity 62.3%, optimal score 5, AUC 0.681). Multiple logistic regression revealed anorexia (p-value 0.018), right iliac fossa tenderness (p-value 0.005) and guarding (p-value 0.047) as significant clinical factors independently associated with appendicitis.
Conclusion
Appendicitis scoring systems have shown moderate sensitivity and specificity in our population. The RIPASA scoring system has shown to be the most sensitive, specific and easy-to-use scoring system in the Malaysian population whereas the AAS is most accurate in excluding low-risk patients.
Optimal Promises A General Framework with Application to Airline Schedule Times
Authors: Prince Jeffrey , Simon Daniel
Published: November 2022

Sellers in a wide range of industries frequently make promises about service performance (product quality) that can only be assessed after purchase. Making such a promise creates a tradeoff: A better promise (1) increases demand today, but (2) reduces the likelihood of achieving the promised performance, which reduces future demand. In this paper, we present a simple model of optimal promised performance. We then apply this model to the airline industry, and we develop hypotheses for how changes in market conditions -- the availability of on-time performance data, competition, and prevalence of connecting passengers -- lead to changes in promised performance via their impact on one or both components of the aforementioned promise tradeoff. Lastly, we test our hypotheses using airlines on-time performance data. Our results provide support for our hypotheses, and more broadly for our model of promises and the associated tradeoffs, indicating that airlines promise more when the cost of failing to attain the promised performance level is low: When passengers are less informed about airlines’ on-time performance; when airlines face little competition; and, when there are relatively fewer connecting passengers.
Structural behavior of hybrid reinforced concrete short columns under uniaxial load
Authors: Hassoon Alaa , Mosheer Khamail
Published: November 2022

Columns are essential part of several civil engineering applications that relocate the weight of the superstructure and the other loads to the soil. Usually, columns are subjected to eccentric compressive loads. Sometimes, it is required to increase the cross sectional area of columns to gain additional load capacity. This paper investigates the behavior of reinforced concrete columns under uniaxial loading. Five specimens of 0.2 × 0.2 × 1 m were fabricated to study the effect of type of concrete and near surface mounted NSM strengthening technique on the structural behavior of the columns. All columns were tested under uniaxial loads of 50 mm offset with simply supported ends. The presented strengthening techniques are flexible and effective. The experimental results showed that using of steel fiber concrete SFC of 1% volume fraction raised the ultimate load by 200% while increasing of concrete strength by 42.1% achieved just 36.4% additional load capacity. Also, strengthening of columns using NSM steel and carbon fiber reinforced polymer bars increased the load carrying capacity by 54.5 to 136.4%. Furthermore, the stiffness criteria increased by 105.3, 29.3, and 90% for the specimens with higher compressive strength, SFC, and strengthened with NSM steel bars owing to the additional stiffness provided. However, the brittle weakness nature of FRP composites in compression decreased the stiffness criteria by 14.6%.
Re-visiting the paradigm of coral reef depth zonation on contemporary reefs
Authors: Richardson Laura , Heenan Adel , Delargy Adam , Neubauer Philipp , Lecky Joey , Gove Jamison , Green J. A. Mattias , Kindinger Tye , Ingemann Kurt , Williams Gareth
Published: November 2022

The influence of depth and associated gradients in light, nutrients, and plankton on the ecological organisation of tropical reef communities was first described over six decades ago but remains untested across broad geographies. Humans have also become the dominant driver of planetary change, requiring we re-visit historic ecological paradigms to ensure they capture the dynamics of contemporary ecological systems. Analysing >5,500 in-water reef fish surveys between 0–30 m depth across reef slopes at 35 islands in the Pacific, we assess whether a depth gradient consistently predicts variation in reef fish biomass. We reveal predictable ecological organisation in the absence of local human populations, with increased biomass of planktivores and piscivores, and decreased biomass of primary consumers with increasing depth. Bathymetric steepness also had a striking influence on biomass patterns, primarily for planktivores, emphasising potential links between local hydrodynamics and the upslope propagation of pelagic subsidies to the shallows. However, signals of resource-driven depth zonation were altered or lost at populated islands, likely due to depleted fish biomass baselines. While principles of depth zonation broadly held, our findings expose limitations of the paradigm for predicting ecological dynamics where human-mediated impacts confound the connections between ecological communities and their surrounding environment.
Wood Anisotropic Compression-Induced Power Enhancement Aerogel Thermoelectric Generator Based on BC/PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT
Authors: Chen Luzheng , Lou Jiang , Zong Yudong , Liu Zhuqing , Jiang Yifei , Han Wenjia
Published: November 2022

Aerogel is a solid material with a large specific surface area and ultra-high porosity, which is considered a promising candidate for thermoelectric (TE) devices due to its unique ultra-low thermal conductivity. Generally, aerogels prepared from common organic polymers usually have low mechanical strength. Bacterial cellulose (BC), a particular nanomaterial with good mechanical properties, can act as a significant component for preparing high-performance nanomaterials. This study prepared aerogel thermoelectric generator (TEG) based on BC, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). The aerogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties with stresses of up to 241 KPa at 90% compressive deformation, and the output performance can be easily tuned by temperature difference and compressive strain. Additionally, the TE device consisting of a single aerogel achieves an optimal output power of 84 nW at 30% strain and 50 K temperature difference. This work takes into account both the high mechanical properties and TE performance of cellulose aerogels and elucidates the strengthening effect of the layered ordered inner structure of lignoid on TEG. TE aerogels exhibit excellent heat harvesting capability under both vertical temperature difference and mechanical deformation, which provides good insight for future design and application of multifunctional self-powered sensors.
Construction of cohesion model of college English teaching under Cloud Computing environment
Authors: Luo Liang
Published: November 2022

In order to improve the cohesion and quality of college English teaching, a model of college English teaching cohesion under the interactive network environment of cloud computing database server is constructed. In this paper, we propose an interactive network platform for college English teaching based on cloud computing multimedia fusion database server. In the interactive network environment of cloud computing database server, the big data analysis model of college English teaching fusion multimedia information is constructed, and combined with the big data mining method, the multimedia information fusion and feature clustering processing of college English teaching fusion are carried out in the interactive network environment of cloud computing database server. Using the heterogeneous directed graph fusion clustering method, this paper designs the optimal storage structure of college English teaching integration multimedia information under the cloud computing database server interactive network environment, and extracts the semantic ontology features of college English teaching integration multimedia information under the cloud computing database server interactive network environment. Through feature optimization retrieval, the design of college English teaching fusion platform and multimedia information fusion under the interactive network environment of cloud computing database server are realized. Through the multimedia information fusion method of college English teaching fusion under the interactive network environment of cloud computing database server, differential scheduling is carried out to improve the ability of college English teaching integration and multimedia information fusion under the interactive network environment of cloud computing database server. The simulation results show that the designed college English teaching interface platform has a high degree of information fusion and a strong ability of resource allocation under the interactive network environment of cloud computing database server.
Title: QT Correction Formulae: comparison of different heart rate correction methods in Indian rhesus monkeys
Authors: Bhatt Laxit K. , Shah Chitrang R. , Patel Rajesh J. , Patel Shital D. , Patel Sudhir R. , Patel Vipul A. , Patel Jitendra H. , Dwivedi Pankaj , Shah Niraj A. , Sundar Rajesh S. , Jain Mukul R.
Published: November 2022

Rhesus monkeys are a non-rodent species employed in the preclinical safety evaluation of pharmaceuticals and biologics. These nonhuman primate species have been increasingly used in biomedical research because of the similarity in their ionic mechanisms of repolarization with humans. Heart rate and QT interval are two primary endpoints in determining the pro-arrhythmic risk of drugs. As heart rate and QT interval have an inverse relationship, any change in heart rate causes a subsequent change in QT interval. This warrants for calculation of a corrected QT interval. The objective of this study was to identify an appropriate formula that best corrected QT for change in heart rate. We employed seven formulas based on source-species type, clinical relevance, and requirements of various international regulatory guidelines. Data showed that corrected QT interval values varied drastically for different correction formulas. Equations were further compared on their slope values based on QTc versus RR plots. The rank order of the slope for different formulas was (closest to farthest from zero) QTcNAK, QTcHAS, QTcBZT, QTcFRD, QTcVDW, QTcHDG, and QTcFRM. QTcNAK emerged to be the best correcting formula in this study. It showed the least correlation with the RR interval (r= -0.01) and no significant difference amongst the sexes. As there is no universally recognized formula for preclinical use, the authors recommend developing a best-case scenario model for specific study designs and individual organizations. The data from this research will help decide the appropriate QT correction formula for the safety assessment of new pharmaceuticals and biologics.
A heuristic-iterative technique for optimal battery size selection towards dispatchable wind generation
Authors: Kashyap Shubham , Ghose Tirthadip
Published: November 2022

This paper aims to develop a simple yet effective technique for estimating the size of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in order to make a Wind Energy System (WES) work as a dispatchable unit in unit commitment problem. The technique proposes an approximate method that can estimate the initial kWh of the battery and then upgrade the kWh size of the battery iteratively on the basis of heuristic rules that can mitigate the probabilistic forecasted error of wind power generation. An approximate method for initial size of the BESS has been proposed based on the longest continuous discharging cycle of the BESS to obtain near-optimum solution. After determining the initial BESS size, two heuristic rules are used to update the initial value in each iteration when the constraints are violated. A series of probabilistic forecasted wind power generation errors generated by the Autoregressive Dynamic Adaptive (ARDA) technique and then mapped on the Normal Distribution Curve (NDC) for each time block of a day to generate a more appropriate error or load cycle of the BESS to deal with wind speed variability. To demonstrate the justification of the proposed technique and the cost of the BESS, different load cycles have been generated using mean and 1σ of the NDC values. The proposed iterative technique was validated by comparing it to the Genetic Algorithm (GA) when applied to the BESS sizing optimization problem.