bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Analysis and Inhibition Study of Carbonic Anhydrase from Azadirachta indica Leaves
Authors: Hazarika Anindita , Upadhyaya Bedanta , Yadav Meera
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) has been an enzyme of great interest for its application
in carbon dioxide sequestration. A total of 66 protein sequences of plant CAs were computationally
analyzed and submitted to bioinformatics for motif and domain identification, multiple
sequence alignment, and phylogenetic analysis.

Method:

The current work aims to extend knowledge among researchers in better understanding
the structure of AZDI CA by analyzing its physicochemical properties, secondary structure prediction,
3D modeling of protein sequence, and its validation using a variety of conventional computational
methods.

Results:

The accuracy of the predicted 3D structure checked by the Ramachandran plot generated
by PROCHECK showed that for the CA protein sequence 93.1%, was observed in the most favored
regions, VERIFY 3D 69.44% and ERRAT 98.09%. AZDI CA was docked with various
anions and sulphonamide derivatives to study their inhibitory effect and calculate binding energy
by using Autodock 4.2. Ethoxzolamide is found to be a better inhibitor of AZDI CA with binding
energy -8.71 kCal/mol and KI value 0.0004 mM. Further MD simulation of the docked complex of
ethoxzolamide with AZDI CA was done using SCHRODINGER DESMOND software.

Conclusion:

The outcomes of this research will have a significant influence on biochemistry,
biotechnology, and potential applications of AZDI CA and similar plant CAs in determining potent
inhibitors for drug targets in treating various diseases.
The Role of MicroRNAs and Stem cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Therapeutic and Diagnostic Approach
Authors: Elsamman Kholoud , Abdelgawad Mai , Gouri Adel , Hussein Aya , Hesham Mohammed Reham , Mostafa Rabab , Abdelmo'tie Shorouk Abdelhakiem , Abdallah Hoda Y.
Published: October 2024

In autoimmune illnesses like Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), the synovium is constantly inflamed,
and joints are ruptured. It is becoming increasingly clear that stem cells, especially notably
mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), play important roles in the onset
and amelioration of RA. There is mounting evidence from both animal and human studies that
suggests a potentially safe and effective method to treat RA and other intractable diseases by reducing
chronic inflammation and spurring tissue regeneration through the transplantation of multipotent
adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. To control gene expression,
which impacts immune cell differentiation and inflammatory pathways, microRNAs (miRNAs)
are crucial, even though MSCs can self-renew and modify inflammatory reactions. The pathophysiology
of RA is marked by the dysregulation of immunological responses and the proliferation of
fibroblast-like synoviocytes, which are linked to the aberrant expression of specific microRNAs
(miRNAs). This study mainly aims to examine the therapeutic implications of these microRNAs
(miRNAs) in relation to RA, as they can function as diagnostic and prognostic indicators. This
study explores the functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) and stem cells in rheumatoid arthritis
(RA), drawing attention to the relevance of these biological processes and the potential for creating
novel therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.
Benzimidazole Conjugates as Multi-target Anticancer Agents - A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Remya R.S. , Ramalakshmi N. , Aaliya M.G. Safiya , Concilia W. Blossom , Thasneem S. Fameetha , Rohini S. , Narmadha N.
Published: October 2024

Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality globally and is characterized by a multifactorial
etiology. Drug resistance and multidrug resistance are the reasons for the failure of many
anticancer drugs that are in clinical practice now. The current review is a complete review of
benzimidazole hybrids with different heterocyclic rings, which are potential anticancer agents. We
reviewed around 70 research works of benzimidazole hybrids published in high-impact journals,
along with a short discussion of structural features responsible for its activity against various
cancers. This review highlighted benzimidazole hybrids as targeted anticancer agents with effects
on multiple targets. Researchers working on targeted medications for cancer treatment will benefit
from this review when designing new scaffolds with benzimidazole moieties.
The Long COVID: Further Advances in Our Understanding about the Role of Specific Chemokines (CCR5, CCR6, CCR9 and CCL3) in Pediatrics
Authors: Ghoreshi Zohreh-al-sadat , Behboudi Emad , Arefinia Nasir
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Long COVID, also known as post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), is a condition
where individuals continue to experience symptoms for weeks or months after recovering from
COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of severe COVID-19 on
promotor methylation and expression genes including CCR5, CCR6, CCR9 and CCL3 in children.

Material and Methods:

Clinical data and blood samples from 94 long COVID patients and 25
healthy subjects were collected. The control group was age-matched. Promotor methylation and
mRNA expression of CCR5, CCR6, CCR9 and CCL3 genes in these patients and control group were
assessed through methylation-specific PCR and Real-time PCR assay.

Results:

Our result indicated that promotor of CCR5 (p = 0.01) and CCL3 (p = 0.006) in long
COVID children were hyper-methylated compared to healthy control group. Subsequently CCR5 and
CCL3 transcript was decreased compared to control group (p = 0.01). In addition, CCL3 transcript in
children with long COVID was decreased compared to control group (p = 0.008). On the other hand,
we did not observe any significant modification in the transcript levels of CCR6 (p = 0.7) and CCR9
(p = 0.46) in children with long COVID in comparison to all control groups.

Conclusion:

The CCR5 and CCL3 promoter region DNA methylation and the subsequent decrease
in the expression of these genes were possibly correlated with long COVID occurrence in children.
Our study revealed additional data on the SARS-CoV-2 mediated inflammatory response.

conclusion:

The CCR5 and CCL3 promoter region DNA methylation and the subsequent decrease in the expression of these genes were possibly correlated with long COVID occurrence in children. Our study revealed additional data on the SARS-CoV-2 mediated inflammatory response.
Beyond Creams and Gels: The Emergence of Emulgels in Pharmaceutical Science
Authors: Bhadouria Vikash Singh , Verma Sushma , Mishra Rashmi , Kapoor Bhupinder
Published: October 2024

Background:

Emulgels combine the properties of emulsions and gels, offering a
unique drug delivery system that enhances the solubility and stability of hydrophobic drugs. This
study reviews recent advancements in emulgels and their potential in pharmaceutical applications.

Objective:

To systematically review the current state of research on emulgels, focusing on formulation
techniques, characterization methods, and therapeutic applications.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed,
Scopus, and Web of Science, covering studies published from 2010 to 2023. Inclusion criteria included
articles discussing formulation techniques, characterization, and therapeutic applications of
emulgels. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers.

Results:

Various formulation techniques, such as high-energy emulsification, phase inversion,
and solvent evaporation, have been explored to enhance the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs.
Recent advancements introduced novel methods like microfluidization and ultrasound-assisted
emulsification to improve formulation efficiency. Characterization techniques, including rheological
analysis, particle size determination, and drug release studies, are crucial for optimizing emulgel
formulations. Several patents have been filed, reflecting innovative approaches in emulgel
technology, such as incorporating nanomaterials and targeted delivery systems. Therapeutic applications
of emulgels have been extensively studied in dermatology, pain management, and antimicrobial
therapy, showing promising results in enhancing drug efficacy and patient compliance.

Conclusion:

Emulgels present a versatile and efficient drug delivery system with significant potential
in various therapeutic areas. Future research should focus on the large-scale production of
emulgels and their long-term stability to facilitate their transition from research to clinical practice.
An Improved Phase Noise Reduction in Millimeter-Wave FBMC Systems
Authors: Udayakumar E. , Krishnaveni V.
Published: October 2024

The next generation mobile network needs to have a spectrum above the 30 GHz radio
band. The 5G system is a promising technology for future communication systems. It has
been used in Device-to-Device (D2D) communications, IoT, Machine type communications
(MTC), and wireless backhaul. The 5G is expected to have speeds of hundreds of times and
satisfy the requirements of larger traffic density, low latency, connective density, higher capacity
& reliability, data rate, super high mobility, etc. It is expected to have applications such as
HD video, virtual reality & augmented reality, online games, and cloud desktops. For this, Millimeter
wave (Mmwave) has been used for fifth-generation mobile networks. The millimeter
wave has a frequency range from 30 to 300 GHz. When the usage of frequency is above 60
GHz, the band will acquire RF impairments such as PAPR, Phase noise, non-linearity, and
phase and quadrature timing mismatch (IQTM). This article shows the Phase noise reduction in
MIMO FBMC systems using Extended Kalman filter techniques.
A framework for building scientific literacy through an inquiry learning model using an ethnoscience approach
Authors:   Department of Science Education, IAIN Palangka Raya, Palangkaraya, Indonesia, Mulyono Yatin , Sapuadi Sapuadi ,   Department of Tarbiyah, IAIN Palangka Raya, Palangkaraya, Indonesia, Yuliarti Yuliarti ,   Department of Information Systems, STMIK Palangka Raya, Palangkaraya, Indonesia, Sohnui Suhailee ,   Department of Oriental Languages, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Published: October 2024

Scientific literacy is an essential skill in today's complex information age, particularly in 21st-century education. The inquiry-based learning model, which encourages students to actively engage in research, has been shown to effectively improve scientific literacy. However, combining this model with an ethnoscience approach, which links scientific learning to local cultural knowledge, is important for creating a more comprehensive and relevant learning experience. This study aims to combine the strengths of these two methods to develop a framework for an inquiry-based learning model that incorporates an ethnoscience approach. Through a review of existing literature, the study finds that integrating ethnoscience into inquiry-based learning can enhance student engagement, relevance, and learning impact. The proposed model consists of five key components: Syntax, principles of reaction, social systems, support systems, and instructional effects and follow-up. This approach has shown significant positive effects in adult education, helping students understand science while valuing local cultural knowledge. By fully utilizing the potential of inquiry-based learning, ethnoscience approaches, and scientific literacy, we can create a more inclusive, relevant learning environment that promotes students' overall development.
The problem of comorbidity in patients with HIV infection and hepatic cirrhosis in the intensive care unit
Authors: Burdova E. Yu. , Voznesenskiy S. L. , Samotolkina E. S. , Ermak T. N. , Klimkova P. V. , Korneva I. A.
Published: October 2024

Objective: clinical and laboratory assessment of HIV-infected patients in the intensive care unit with liver cirrhosis that developed as a result of hepatitis of various etiologies.Materials and methods: a retrospective assessment of 91 medical records of patients with hepatic cirrhosis among 494 HIV-infected patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) was carried out in order to describe the clinical and laboratory features of the course of liver pathology against the background of HIV infection with secondary diseases. The subjects under observation were 46 (50.5%) men, 45 (49.5%) women, median age — 41 years.Results: patients were diagnosed with profound immunodeficiency (CD4+ lymphocyte count 100,000 copies of HIV RNA per 1 ml — in 45.1% of patients). Child-Pugh class C hepatic cirrhosis was diagnosed in 72.5% of patients. Cirrhosis in most cases developed as a result of toxic hepatitis in combination with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). More than half of the patients showed clinical and laboratory signs of decompensated hepatic cirrhosis. Combinations of two to five secondary infections were diagnosed in 52.8% of patients. The structure of secondary diseases was dominated by bacterial pneumonia, encephalitis and visceral candidiasis. 75.8% of patients did not receive ART, all patients did not receive antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis.Conclusion: the mortality rate of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in the intensive care unit was 80.2% and was associated with the number of secondary diseases and the lack of antiretroviral therapy. Patients with a combination of HIV infection and viral hepatitis require earlier diagnosis and prescription of etiotropic therapy.
Results of a survey of medical students on key aspects of health preservation
Authors: Savisko D. A. , Batyushin M. M. , Zakusilov D. I. , Safronenko A. V.
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Study of the influence and assessment of risk factors for chronic non-infectious diseases in medical students through an online survey. Materials and methods: During the period from 03/19/24 to 04/08/24, an online survey was conducted at the Rostov State Medical University using the google platform. A group of 1232 people was formed, including students from 1st to 6th year of all faculties. The results of the survey were systematized and analyzed. Results: Вy analyzing the information received from respondents, several groups of risk factors for chronic NCDs were identified: 1. Sleep disturbances; 2. Indifference to compliance with healthy eating standards; 3. Susceptibility to chronic emotional stress. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, risk factors for chronic non-diseases were identified among Rostov State Medical University students (the leading ones were: sleep disturbance, non-compliance with healthy eating standards, stress). It was also found that indicators such as physical activity and the presence of bad habits are not common risk factors in this group of respondents. From the above, we can conclude about the feasibility and importance of introducing preventive measures to increase the importance and significance of such aspects as healthy.
Atypical variants of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in the structure of inflammatory diseases of the peripheral nervous system
Authors: Goncharova Z. A. , Kovaleva N. S. , Kolesnikov G. D.
Published: October 2024

Objective: to identify the clinical features of atypical forms of CIDP, improve the diagnosis of this nosology at the outpatient stage by objectifying the reference points in the clinical picture and focusing the attention of primary care specialists on this pathology. Materials and methods: the medical records of 203 patients admitted to the neurological center of the Rostov State Medical University in the period from January 1, 2014 to April 1, 2024 with a diagnosis of polyneuropathy were analyzed. The examination included a general clinical and neurological examination, an electrophysiological study (stimulated electroneuromyography on the Natus Keypoint Focos neurophysiological complex), as well as laboratory evaluation of blood and cerebrospinal fluid tests. Results: to objectify the speed of diagnosis, the “debut-diagnosis” interval was calculated. In patients with the motor form of CIDP it averaged 2.2 years, in patients with the sensory form of CIDP it was 3.9 years. In the group of patients with a typical clinical picture of CIDP, this indicator ranged from 1.5 to 4.5 years. Conclusions: CIDP is a rare acquired neuropathy of dysimmune origin, heterogeneous in course and clinical manifestations, but classified as curable. The variety of forms of the disease and its course cause difficulties in timely diagnosis and initiation of pathogenetic therapy. While early diagnosis and initiation of therapy significantly improve the prognosis for this category of patients.
“Doctor ChatGPT, Can You Help Me?” The Patient’s Perspective: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Armbruster Jonas , Bussmann Florian , Rothhaas Catharina , Titze Nadine , Grützner Paul Alfred , Freischmidt Holger
Published: October 2024

Background

Artificial intelligence and the language models derived from it, such as ChatGPT, offer immense possibilities, particularly in the field of medicine. It is already evident that ChatGPT can provide adequate and, in some cases, expert-level responses to health-related queries and advice for patients. However, it is currently unknown how patients perceive these capabilities, whether they can derive benefit from them, and whether potential risks, such as harmful suggestions, are detected by patients.

Objective

This study aims to clarify whether patients can get useful and safe health care advice from an artificial intelligence chatbot assistant.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted using 100 publicly available health-related questions from 5 medical specialties (trauma, general surgery, otolaryngology, pediatrics, and internal medicine) from a web-based platform for patients. Responses generated by ChatGPT-4.0 and by an expert panel (EP) of experienced physicians from the aforementioned web-based platform were packed into 10 sets consisting of 10 questions each. The blinded evaluation was carried out by patients regarding empathy and usefulness (assessed through the question: “Would this answer have helped you?”) on a scale from 1 to 5. As a control, evaluation was also performed by 3 physicians in each respective medical specialty, who were additionally asked about the potential harm of the response and its correctness.

Results

In total, 200 sets of questions were submitted by 64 patients (mean 45.7, SD 15.9 years; 29/64, 45.3% male), resulting in 2000 evaluated answers of ChatGPT and the EP each. ChatGPT scored higher in terms of empathy (4.18 vs 2.7; P<.001) and usefulness (4.04 vs 2.98; P<.001). Subanalysis revealed a small bias in terms of levels of empathy given by women in comparison with men (4.46 vs 4.14; P=.049). Ratings of ChatGPT were high regardless of the participant’s age. The same highly significant results were observed in the evaluation of the respective specialist physicians. ChatGPT outperformed significantly in correctness (4.51 vs 3.55; P<.001). Specialists rated the usefulness (3.93 vs 4.59) and correctness (4.62 vs 3.84) significantly lower in potentially harmful responses from ChatGPT (P<.001). This was not the case among patients.

Conclusions

The results indicate that ChatGPT is capable of supporting patients in health-related queries better than physicians, at least in terms of written advice through a web-based platform. In this study, ChatGPT’s responses had a lower percentage of potentially harmful advice than the web-based EP. However, it is crucial to note that this finding is based on a specific study design and may not generalize to all health care settings. Alarmingly, patients are not able to independently recognize these potential dangers.
Reflections on the Optimal Use of eDiaries for Data Collection in Vaccine Clinical Trials (Preprint)
Authors: Nukala Ujwani , Cho Sylvia , Sahu , Aneesha , Zhou Jessica , Steele Whitney , Whitaker Barbee I , Chang Stephen H. , Ezzeldin Hussein
Published: October 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Recent years have witnessed a transformative shift in the way patient-reported outcomes are captured. The increasing adoption of digital health technologies offers exciting possibilities for more efficient, engaging, and insightful electronic data collection. Electronic diaries (eDiaries) represent a paramount resource that could improve data quality, reduce costs, and limit the burden on clinical staff and trial participants. Herein, we present our perspective on how to effectively use eDiaries to optimize the data collection processes in vaccine clinical trials. We begin with with a brief description of the benefits of eDiaries in vaccine clinical trials and provide reflections on key measures such as programming the eDiary platform, training the trial staff and participants, and real-time monitoring of participant compliance, which are crucial for leveraging eDiaries for optimal data collection. By implementing the measures discussed in this paper, eDiaries can offer significant advantages for both trial participants and clinical investigators by ensuring quality and integrity of the data collected.
Survival Prediction in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Ensemble Models (Preprint)
Authors: Sun Jianguo , Li Lingchen , Zhang Anni , Yin Chenrui , Cai Dingqin , Wang Yi , Xie Lijiao , Yan Lvjun , Niu Kai , Luo Jianbo , Shi Xiaoyan , Jian Chunli , Zheng Linpeng , Bin Fang , Yi Zhou , Zepeng Liu
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the foremost cause of cancer-related mortality, underscoring the need for precise prognostic tools to enhance clinical decision-making. Existing models often fall short in providing reliable survival predictions.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop a robust machine learning ensemble model to refine survival probability estimations for NSCLC patients and support clinical decisions.

METHODS

Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, we utilized the SEER cohort to identify 93,828 NSCLC patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2019. The dataset was partitioned into training (70%) and testing (30%) subsets. Spearman correlation and univariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify significant variables influencing overall survival. A soft voting ensemble model was constructed, integrating MLP, XGBoost, and Random Forest algorithms. Model performance was assessed using Area Under the Curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) in both the training and internal validation datasets. An external validation cohort comprising 325 NSCLC patients from our hospital (2015-2023) was used to evaluate generalizability.

RESULTS

Eleven critical variables were identified: sex, age, histologic type, tumor grade, tumor size, N stage, M stage, and metastases (bone, lung, brain, liver). The soft voting ensemble model yielded AUCs of 0.819, 0.818, and 0.819 for predicting 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival in the internal test set, respectively, demonstrating substantial predictive accuracy. External validation produced AUCs of 0.809, 0.793, and 0.800. DCA affirmed the model’s clinical relevance. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis highlighted tumor size, N stage, and M stage as the most influential factors.

CONCLUSIONS

The soft voting ensemble model offers a highly accurate prognostic tool for NSCLC survival prediction, significantly enhancing clinical prognosis. SHAP feature importance analysis further supports the development of personalized treatment strategies.

CLINICALTRIAL

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172670, 81972858, 82202951 and 81773245), the Technology Innovation and Application Development Project of Chongqing (2023DBXM002 and CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0176 and CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1356 and 2022yjgA06) and the Cultivation Program for Clinical Research Talents of Army Medical University (2018XLC1010 and 2019XQN10).
Photopolymerization of Imprinted Polymer with Dummy Template for the Recognition of Hydroquinone in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Musali Norlin Suhaiza , Abu Bakar Norlaili , Abdul Rahim Nurulsaidah , Wan Mahamod Wan Rusmawati , Hashim Norhayati , Mohd Sharif Sharifah Norain , Che Soh Siti Kamilah , Ulianas Alizar
Published: October 2024

This study' purposes are to synthesize molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) using p-xylene under ultraviolet curing at 405 nm for the recognition of hydroquinone (HQ) in aqueous medium. The template was extracted from the polymer with a mixture of methanol and acetic acid (9:1) by volume (v/v). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of MIP (after wash) showed the absence of peak at the range of 840–860 cm−1, which represented the stretching outside the aromatic plane C–H at the para position (p-xylene). Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) micrograph showed that the MIP had cavities compared to non-imprinted polymer (NIP). The MIP (MIP-Pxy) with ratio (monomer:crosslinker) 0.25 and 1.00% template gave the highest uptake of hydroquinone (HQ) in aqueous solution, which implied more specific recognition (highest KD value). The rebinding of HQ onto MIP-Pxy was best described by both isotherm (Langmuir and Freundlich) and kinetic model (pseudo-first and -second). The MIP was successfully synthesized using p-xylene, able to recognize HQ and was very selective to p-CP. Implication of the study, the synthesized MIP can be used for recognition and sensing materials for HQ and any similar molecules.
Ozone Plasma Nanobubble (OPN) Reactor Combined with Coagulation-Flocculation Process: A Promising Technology for Leachate Treatment
Authors: Zahra Habiibatuz , Azzahra Ken , Putri Azizka Inneke , Luvita Veny , Bismo Setijo
Published: October 2024

According to World Bank data, approximately 2.01 billion tons of urban waste is produced annually, with approximately 33% of waste being improperly managed, leading to concentrated and toxic leachate. This poses a global challenge due to its varied characteristics influenced by climate, landfill age, and waste composition, resulting in groundwater and surface water pollution with severe impacts on human health, ecosystems, and biodiversity, necessitating stringent treatment measures. To address this, a study integrated coagulation-flocculation and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) ozone plasma nanobubble (OPN) reactor to degrade leachate. Gas flow rate, plasma voltage, and gas sources are variated. This research uses O2 or air as a gas source that produces plasma. The leachate is fed into the DBD reactor, so the bubble will burst and produce further ROS. Optimal results were observed after 60 min, with oxygen gas feed reducing total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD) by 100, 93.93, and 74.12%, respectively, alongside a decrease in pH. This study indicates the promising potential of this technology for leachate treatment and demonstrates the potential for nitrate production using both types of gas feed.
Enhancing Urban Resilience through Strategic Parking Pricing in Jakarta’s Bus Rapid Transit Corridors
Authors: Arifianto Sanda , Irawan Muhammad Zudhy , Phathinan Thaithatkul  , Muhamad Rizki  , Ari Krisna Mawira Tarigan  , Nur Oktaviani Widiastuti
Published: October 2024

Although Jakarta has invested in various mass transport systems, these efforts have not successfully reduced private vehicle use. Due to this, this study aims to analyze the impact of implementing TransJakarta bus rapid transit corridor-based high parking tariffs on travel mode choice, including road- and rail-based public transport, ride-hailing, taxi, car, and motorcycle. Involving 478 private vehicle users and implementing a nested logit model, some variables, including respondents’ income, travel time, egress time, parking costs, parking distance, travel cost, and parking surcharge, are considered to understand to what extent these variables influence the use of proposed travel mode in the future. The nested logit model shows that not all variables significantly influence travel mode use, specifically related to rail-based public transport choice among motorcyclists. Meanwhile,parking distance insignificantly influences the choice of all travel modes except cars among car users. The results also indicate that increasing parking tariffs insignificantly influences the likelihood of both motorcyclists and car users shifting to public transport. Motorcyclists and car users tend to continue using motorcycles but change parking locations with higher tariffs. Additionally, some shifts towards ride-hailing services and TransJakarta Bus Rapid Transit are found, meaning that there is potential for these alternatives to play a significant role in reducing private vehicle use. Based on the model results, additional push-based policies, such as the odd-even license plate rule, are necessary to effectively support the transition from private vehicle use to public transport. Implementing these policies is expected to significantly contribute to reducing traffic congestion and promoting a sustainable and resilient urban environment.
Plant Chromosome and Karyotype Analysis Training for High School/MA/Equivalent Teachers in Samarinda and its Surrounding Areas
Authors: Oktavianingsih Linda , Aryani Retno , Hariani Nova , Rosadi Imam , Pratiwi Anggita Endar , Arif Muhammad Fauzi
Published: October 2024

Increasing biology teachers’ comprehension of the principles of geneticsis attainable through the implementation of specialized training sessions focused onchromosome and karyotype analysis. In this training, 21 high school biology teachersfrom Samarinda and Nears participated in a structured training program encompassingthree stages. In the initial phase, participants were provided with materials on thefundamental aspects of genetics. Subsequently, in the second phase, hands-ontraining was imparted, focusing on acquiring skills in plant chromosome preparationtechniques. Lastly, the third stage concentrated on reﬁning skills to constructchromosome karyotyping. Completing all stages was required for participants,followed by submitting evaluation forms for assessment by the committee. Theevaluation outcomes revealed that 84.30% of participants regarded the presentationand assistance provided by principal lecturer and assistants as highly commendable.At the same time, the remaining respondents expressed satisfaction with the qualityand adequacy of the training. This comprehensive training eﬀectively equippedparticipants with specialized chromosome and karyotype analysis skills, and theparticipants notably absorbed the training materials. The anticipated outcome ofenhanced teacher understanding, speciﬁcally in the knowledge of inheritance andchromosome biology, was to stimulate heightened levels of student engagement andlearning interest within the biology classroom.
Breast Cancer Prevention Education Through Community Empowerment and TPS (Transactional, Precise, and Skilled) Communication Model in Bontang City
Authors: Asbi Erni Asneli , Siregar Diyanti Isnani , Zein Khairu , Triani Emi , Marpaung Nicholas
Published: October 2024

The prevalence of breast cancer in Indonesia is still increasing. Datafrom the Global Cancer Observatory shows that the most common cancer case inIndonesia is breast cancer. Meanwhile, the incidence of breast and cervical cancerin Bontang City reaches 30% of the overall cancer data in Bontang (Akurasi.id,2024). Therefore, there is a need for a health promotion campaign and breast cancerprevention using simple communication methods. This program aimed to provideeducation to health cadres (PKK) in three sub-districts of Bontang, targeting 100participants. Five sub-districts were selected from each of the three sub-districts, withseven participants sampled from 10 sub-districts and six participants sampled fromﬁve sub-districts. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. The programemployed a participatory research approach based on community empowerment,using the TPS (Transactional, Precise, and Skilled) communication model. The programwas conducted in three stages. In the ﬁrst stage, theoretical information relatedto breast cancer and its prevention was provided, along with 100 questions andanswers shared online beforehand. The second stage involved practicing breast selfexamination(SADARI). The third stage combined theory and practice, incorporatingeducational strategies through games and evaluations. The program results showedthat 83% of participants agreed that knowledge about breast cancer and its preventionwas necessary. The program successfully improved the knowledge and attitudes ofPKK/health cadres through an interactive, participatory approach. Although therewere barriers related to participant agility, support from trained organizers provedeﬀective in overcoming them. These ﬁndings conﬁrm the importance of healtheducation that emphasizes two-way communication and breast cancer prevention.
Sistem Pranata Mangsa: Tinjauan Arkeologis dan Uji Keakuratan Data Iklim Tahun 2023 di Yogyakarta
Authors: Nabila Kharisma , Wirawan Mahbubi Satria Agusti
Published: October 2024

Sistem pranata mangsa telah diyakini oleh para peneliti terdahulu memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dalam perkembangan adaptasi manusia. Salah satu pengaruh tersebut ialah menjadikan sistem ini sebagai pedoman perubahan musim oleh masyarakat Jawa Kuno. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan pengetahuan mengenai seberapa besar tingkat keakuratan penggunaan sistem pranata mangsa masa lampau yang diterapkan dengan menggunakan data perubahan musim pada tahun 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan etnosains dengan menggunakan kepercayaan masyarakat yang memahami sistematika pranata mangsa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem pranata mangsa memiliki tingkat keakuratan sebesar 83,3% dengan diuji relevansinya menggunakan data periode musim dari Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika tahun 2023. Sedangkan jika menggunakan data curah hujan kota Yogyakarta tahun 2023, pranata mangsa menghasilkan tingkat keakuratan sebesar 66,70%. Selain itu, perubahan iklim ditinjau melalui perspektif arkeologis juga telah menyebabkan terjadinya interaksi antar kelima komponen, yaitu alam, manusia, budaya, lingkungan, dengan perubahan iklim itu sendiri. Temuan ini diharapkan menambah pengetahuan mengenai keakuratan sistem pranata mangsa masa lampau jika diterapkan dengan menggunakan data musim terbaru.
Tackling the Problem of Multilingualism in Voice Assistants
Authors: Sabharwal Soham , Sahni Rohan
Published: October 2024

Voice assistants like Alexa and Siri have become increasingly advanced due to improvements in AI and language processing models like GPT and Gemini. However, these systems often perform poorly with less commonly spoken languages, such as many Indian languages, creating a significant accessibility gap. This paper addresses the problem of multilingualism in voice assistants, with a focus on languages like Hindi, Punjabi, and Bengali. We examine the evolution of voice assistants and highlight the major technical challenges they face, including speech recognition, language processing, and response generation in low-resource languages. To overcome these barriers, we propose a novel framework that combines different AI models to enhance multilingual support. Our approach offers a potential solution to make voice assistants more inclusive and accessible for speakers of underrepresented languages. By broadening language support, this research has the potential to extend the benefits of AI to a much wider audience.
(Mis)Recognition of Post-blackness through Crossings in Danzy Senna’s Caucasia
Authors: Dhifallah Hajer
Published: October 2024

Post-blackness emerged as a reaction against the commonly old-fashioned and restrictive representation of blackness to enhance for a more fluid, flexible and fruitful representation of blackness. It is a shifting discourse for securing a multidimensional consideration of black identity that most contemporary African American women aspire to attain. Nevertheless, the pernicious influences of black authenticity and racial essentialism cast serious doubts on the premises of post-black rhetoric and complicate the recognition of post-black identity for African American women within and across geo-racial borders. Danzy Senna is one of the post-soul writers who shed light on this critical problem in her first novel Caucasia. She depicts the tiring journey of her female protagonist Birdie Lee who keeps crossing color and geographical borders in an endeavor to resist the grips of black authenticity and racial invisibility and to recognize the fluid form of post-black identity. The possibility of Birdie’s (mis)recognition of post-black identity throughout her crossing journey is the central issue at stake. The present paper tends to illustrate the dilemma of her migrating female protagonist who is torn between the pressure of authentic blackness and the desire for post-blackness, between the influence of invisible blackness and the quest for black visibility. Interestingly, it investigates the extent to which she succeeds in recognizing a space of post-blackness through crossing practices.
Cyberwarfare and the challenges it poses to the international governance of armed conflict with particular reference to attribution, distinction, and self-defence.
Authors: Gray Hannah
Published: October 2024

Cyberwarfare is an emerging form of conflict in the 21st Century. Whether it is considered a domain, a field of weaponry, or capable of being a completely new and separate type of conflict, the international governing community must find a way to protect citizens from its potential damage. International Law may be able to do so, but there are plot holes in existing international law governing armed conflicts in relation to cyber, particularly in regards to the notions of attributability, distinction, and self-defence. This paper uses two case studies, the 2008 Russo-Georgian War and the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war to discuss the practical application of international law to cyberwarfare. This is an example of a contemporary form of conflict and how we must work to effectively acknowledge and address it.
Analyzing the U.S. Drone Program’s Deployment of Armed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for Targeted Killings Outside of National Boundaries
Authors: Anand Amit , Lolaksha Nagaveni Preethi
Published: October 2024

Following the 9/11 attacks, U.S. counterterrorism efforts have gradually shifted focus from Afghanistan to regions like Pakistan, Yemen, and Somalia. The deployment of armed drones in these areas to target al-Qaeda members and their affiliates has sparked a contentious international law debate. While the U.S. drone policy claims adherence to international targeting rules, the reality of operations in remote locations has led to numerous civilian casualties. With a rising toll of civilian deaths, challenges in distinguishing between combatants and non-combatants, and concerns about accountability in drone operations, it seems that the approach taken by U.S. policymakers may have misconstrued existing laws governing hostilities. The policy lacks clarity on the applicable legal framework and necessary constraints to prevent potential misuse of drone technology, fostering a perception that the U.S. administration consistently employs armed drones without transparency or accountability.
Despite extensive literature on the 9/11 attacks and scholarly discussions on U.S. drone use, the alignment between rules governing targeting under international humanitarian law and the practical implementation of drone operations by the U.S. remains an area with limited examination in international law. Consequently, given issues related to civilian casualties, collateral damage, and potential violations of humanitarian law principles, it becomes crucial to evaluate whether U.S. targeting practices violate the law of armed conflict.
SLIDING FRICTION IN CONTACTS WITH ONE- AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL VISCOELASTIC FOUNDATIONS AND VISCOELASTIC HALF-SPACE
Authors: Watanabe Toshiki , Hatanaka Shintaro , Nakano Ken , Popov Valentin L.
Published: October 2024

Solid viscoelasticity is one of the essential origins of sliding friction, as every solid exhibits energy dissipation due to it during deformation processes. In this paper, we first show theoretical solutions for one-dimensional (1D) problems of viscoelastic friction with a 1D viscoelastic foundation. Then, we extend the 1D model to a two-dimensional (2D) model to find theoretical solutions for 2D problems of viscoelastic friction. Finally, we apply the Method of Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) to the theoretical solutions for the 1D problems to discuss three-dimensional (3D) problems of viscoelastic friction.
THE EXTENDED SMIRNOV THEOREM FOR PSEUDONEARNESS
Authors: Leseberg Dieter , Vaziry Zohreh
Published: October 2024

Pseudonearness is a common enlargement of bornology, b-topology, pseudoproximity and classical nearness as well. Furthermore, generalized contiguity, here defined as contiguous pseudonearness, can be dealt with.By using the b-completion of a regulative contiguous pseudonear space we obtain its b-compactification, which in a special case represents the Hausdorff compactification of the induced Efremovič proximity space.
GENERALIZATION OF PELL SEQUENCE AND PELL-LUCAS SEQUENCE, NEW RESULTS AND CIRCULANT MATRICES ASPECTS
Authors: Jafari Petroudi Seyyed Hossein , Pirouz Maryam
Published: October 2024

Some generalizations of Pell sequence and Pell-Lucas sequence, namely, (k,h)-Pell sequence and (k,h)-Pell-Lucas sequence are considered in this paper. We obtain generating functions, some identities and formulas for the sums of a finite number of terms and consecutive terms, sums of squares of consecutive terms and alternating sums of consecutive terms of these sequences. Then, we obtain the eigenvalues and determinants of particular circulant matrices involving (k,h)-Pell sequence and (k,h)-Pell-Lucas sequence. Finally, we obtain some upper and lower bounds for the spectral norms of these circulant matrices.
Ciencias, Tecnologías y Sociedades. La Nueva Escuela Mexicana
Authors: Catalá Rodes Rosa María , García Franco Alejandra , Antonio Chamizo José
Published: October 2024

A partir de las ideas pioneras de J.D. Bernal se discute el sentido del modelo educativo llamado Ciencia Tecnología y Sociedad (CTS). Se reconocen las dificultades de su recepción por científicos y docentes de muchos lugares particularmente en la Nueva Escuela Mexicana. Adicionalmente se comparan las ideas de CTS con la de STEM para tratar de identificar hacia dónde se encamina la enseñanza de las ciencias y las tecnologías en sociedades tan diferentes como las que se integran en México y en America Latina.
Estructuración de un estilo de pensamiento en un colectivo de profesores en ejercicio a partir del abordaje de las sustancias psicoactivas como cuestión sociocientífica
Authors: Rodríguez Hernández Blanca , Martínez Pérez Leonardo Fabio
Published: October 2024

En este artículo se analiza la estructuración del estilo de pensamiento de un colectivo de profesores en ejercicio al abordar las sustancias psicoactivas como cuestión sociocientífica con enfoque ciencia, tecnología, sociedad y ambiente (CTSA). El estudio hace parte de una investigación más amplia sobre el conocimiento del profesor y las cuestiones sociocientíficas. Se presenta la fundamentación teórica basada en el enfoque CTSA y el abordaje CSC como estrategia didáctica, posteriormente se describe el estudio de caso cualitativo implementado y el análisis textual discursivo realizado a la luz de la teoría de Ludwin Fleck. Los resultados evidencian que el abordaje de la CSC posibilita en los profesores la movilización de un estilo de pensamiento transformador como parte de un proceso formativo realizado en la interfaz universidad – escuela.
Ciencia y Sociedad: una ventana a la visión CTS en la formación sociohumanística de las carreras de la Facultad de Química, UNAM
Authors: Bernal-Perez Rolando Javier , Orrantia Cavazos José-Ramón , Trejo Candelas Luis-Miguel , Sánchez Graillet Luis Avelino
Published: October 2024

En este trabajo se presenta una breve descripción de la asignatura de Ciencia y Sociedad, con una descripción sintética de sus antecedentes, y de los antecedentes y presupuestos metodológicos del enfoque CTS; para referir luego las principales metodologías educativas empleadas por las y los docentes que imparten Ciencia y Sociedad, así como algunos de sus resultados. Y se cierra con una discusión sobre los efectos positivos que se han logrado con la implementación de esta asignatura en el primer semestre de las carreras de la Facultad de Química de la UNAM, más algunas consideraciones finales.
Metodologia da problematização e uso do fluxograma descritor na reorganização do processo de trabalho em vigilância sanitária
Authors: Cardoso dos Santos Rodrigo
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The field of work in Health Surveillance in the Unified Health System (SUS) has undergone considerable strategic reformulations in recent years, marked, above all, by the increase in technological and informational aspects in the routine of the work process. Although they represent advances and potential benefits, different obstacles have been mentioned by the sector’s work teams, which weigh on the training of workers to understand these transformations. Objective: To report the experience of developing a flowchart that describes the work process in health surveillance in a health district in Recife/PE. Method: The problematization methodology was used to guide the preparation and execution of the study. The methodology was carried out through collaborative practice and construction, involving professionals from the health surveillance sector, proposing the situational diagnosis of the work and the demands presented by the teams, associated with the role of the resident health professional as facilitator and driver of operationalization of the action described. Results: The construction and implementation of the descriptor  flowchart in the reality of the health surveillance service enabled the reorganization of the work process and  alignment between professionals, guided by teamwork in a collaborative and situational way. Conclusions: The proposal presents a pragmatic and pedagogical nature, by using the horizons of observation, action, and intervention directed to the field of work management in health surveillance, in order to seek the resolution of obstacles and critical formative knots that sometimes interfere in the full exercise of programmatic activities of the work field.