bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copyright Concerns for Educators: Online Learning Post Pandemic Effect
Authors: Abu Bakar Mardiah Hayati , Ya'cob Syazni Nadzirah , Mohd Bajury Mimi Sintia , Wan Rosli Wan Rosalili
Published: October 2021

Online distance education was once a process that was not easily been accepted by students, even by the educators, but when the pandemic strikes, they had to adopt and adapt the process in order to gain knowledge. The COVID-19 has resulted in shutting down schools, including tertiary institutions, all across the world. Consequently, education changed dramatically, and the mode of teaching was done remotely and on a digital platform. One of the adoptions of online learning involves using numerous online platforms and inserting interactive programs, music, animated graphics, photos in the teaching material to attract the interest of students. These types of works are, more often than not, copyrighted works that belong to someone. Generally, a license or permission must be sought before these works can be used by anyone. The permission or license, once granted, would involve a licensing fee or royalty payments to the copyright owner. However, this article looks at the law relating to the copyright exploitation awareness in the context of the law of intellectual property and the exceptions to this law, in particular, the scope of the hybrid fair dealing defence for education. This paper employs a doctrinal analysis using secondary data from academic journals, books, and online databases. The findings will respond to the legal framework for the understanding of copyright exploitation and its exception in the post-pandemic era.
The Instructional Design of Chinese Characters’ Stroke Order Motion Graphics Based on Cognitive Load Theory
Authors: Cao Wenjun , Ismail@Kamal Julina , Goh Chu Hiang
Published: October 2021

This research aims to develop stroke order motion graphics for Chinese characters to solve the problem of memorising Chinese characters’ stroke order in the learning process. This research adopted cognitive load theory and the ADDIE model as an instructional design process guide. Herbart’s four-stage teaching method is used as a guide for the motion graphics presentation module. Based on the characteristics of Malaysian students who learn Chinese as their second language, motion graphics for Chinese characters’ stroke order learning were developed. The expert evaluation was conducted to identify problems, and modifications were done to improve the created prototype. A total of six Chinese characters’ stroke order motion graphics have been successfully developed. The result shows that cognitive load theory provides an effective solution for developing Chinese characters’ stroke order motion graphics. The ADDIE model also offered a significant direction for the instructional design process. In addition, to be more effective in Chinese character stroke order teaching, interface design must consider the relevant teaching effects of cognitive load theory. However, making the prototype in advance can avoid large-scale modifications in the later process. The successful development of the Chinese characters’ stroke order motion graphics allows teaching Chinese character stroke order in Malaysia to be carried out more effectively.
Matlamat Pendidikan untuk Pembangunan Lestari (ESD) daripada perspektif guru Geografi KSSM
Authors: Md Zain Nurul Adilla , Aiyub Kadaruddin
Published: October 2021

Pendidikan untuk Pembangunan Lestari (ESD) merupakan satu konsep pendidikan global yang berperanan untuk meningkatkan keupayaan dan kompetensi generasi muda sebagai warganegara global yang mampu merealisasikan Matlamat Pembangunan Lestari (SDG). Kerajaan Malaysia telah menerima dan menyatakan komitmen untuk bersama-sama berusaha menjayakan SDG menjelang tahun 2030. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) juga turut mempromosikan ESD dalam sistem pendidikan formal di Malaysia termasuk pendidikan sekolah menengah. Bagaimanapun, matlamat sebenar ESD diterapkan dalam pendidikan sekolah menengah di Malaysia masih belum dapat dipastikan lagi. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti matlamat ESD diterapkan dalam pendidikan geografi sekolah KSSM daripada perspektif guru-guru geografi di Malaysia. Pengkaji menggunakan tiga matlamat atau fungsi pendidikan yang dicadangkan oleh Gert Biesta iaitu kelayakan (qualification), sosialisasi dan subjektifikasi sebagai kerangka teoretikal yang akan menjadi panduan kepada pelaksanaan kajian ini. Kajian ini dijalankan menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kualitatif. Pengkaji menggunakan kaedah temu bual separa berstruktur bagi memperoleh data kajian. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 11 orang guru geografi yang dipilih menggunakan kaedah persampelan bertujuan daripada 11 buah sekolah menengah di Malaysia. Data kajian dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis tematik yang dilakukan secara manual. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan matlamat guru menerapkan konsep ESD dalam mata pelajaran geografi KSSM di Malaysia lebih dominan kepada matlamat kelayakan dan sosialisasi. Manakala matlamat penerapan ESD untuk subjektifikasi masih belum begitu menonjol dalam landskap pendidikan geografi di Malaysia.
Elemen Etnomatematik dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran: Kajian Literatur Bersistematik
Authors: Ariffaturrahman Zani Mohamad Agung , Maat Siti Mistima
Published: October 2021

Etnomatematik adalah satu upaya untuk menghubungkan Matematik kepada budaya sedia ada di dalam masyarakat. Etnomatematik yang mula diperkenalkan oleh Ubiratan D’Ambrosio pada tahun 1985 terus berkembang sehingga sekarang, penggunaan Etnomatematik dewasa ini terus berkembang manakala tidak ada upaya untuk mengembangkan kurikulum berbasis Etnomatematik. Masalah yang timbul ialah tidak ada suatu kurikulum yang khas bagi Etnomatematik, seterusnya elemen-elemen Matematik yang digunakan amat pelbagai. Sehingga tujuan dari kajian ini ialah untuk menerokai elemen-elemen Matematik yang digunakan dalam kajian-kajian empirikal sedia ada. Metodologi yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan dalam kajian ini ialah kajian literatur bersistematik. Kajian-kajian empirikal sedia ada daripada tahun 2010 sehingga 2020 dilakukan penyaringan secara bersistematik dengan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Sebanyak 40 kajian sedia ada dianalisis, selanjutnya dipisahkan berdasarkan tema yang timbul. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa dari 40 artikel yang dianalisis, sebanhyak 30 artikel berasal daripada negara Indonesia, dan peningkatan penerbitan daripada tahun 2010 sehingga 2020 mengalami peningkatan mulai dari 2 penerbitan sehingga pada tahun 2020 ada 17 penerbitan selama satu tahun. Metodologi pada kajian-kajian empirikal sedia ada kebanyakannya menggunakan kaedah kualitatif sebanyak 43% dan R&D sebanyak 40%. Elemen Etnomatematik yang banyak digunakan ialah bangunan dengan aspek Matematik pengetahuan asas. Sehingga kedepannya pengkaji lain dan guru boleh menggunakan hasil kajian ini untuk mengembangkan kajian ataupun pengajaran di dalam bilik darjah.
Tinjauan Terhadap Tahap Tekanan Pelajar Universiti Semasa Pandemik COVID-19
Authors: Abdul Aziz Abdul Rashid , Zulkifli Nathratul Ayeshah , Othman Mohd Zaini , Musa Nurun Najihah
Published: October 2021

Pandemik Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) yang melanda Malaysia dan seluruh dunia telah memberikan pelbagai implikasi yang sangat besar terutamanya dalam aspek kesihatan mental. Golongan pelajar merupakan golongan yang berisiko mengalami tekanan akibat norma baharu yang wujud susulan pandemik ini. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap tekanan pelajar dan mengenal pasti pengaruh jantina dalam menentukan tahap tekanan pelajar. Kajian ini adalah kajian kuantitatif yang menggunakan reka bentuk tinjauan. Seramai 400 orang pelajar dari sebuah institusi pengajian tinggi di Malaysia dipilih melalui kaedah persampelan rawak mudah. Soal selidik Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) yang dialih bahasa telah digunakan. Analisis statistik deskriptif dalam bentuk peratus kekerapan dan ujian t-test dijalankan melalui perisian Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Versi 26. Kajian mendapati bahawa seramai 340 pelajar (85%) mengalami tekanan pada tahap sederhana. Selain itu, tidak terdapat perbezaan antara jantina lelaki dan perempuan dalam menentukan tahap tekanan pelajar. Konklusinya, kajian ini amatlah signifikan dalam mengetahui tahap tekanan pelajar semasa pandemik ini. Ia boleh dijadikan sebagai garis panduan terutamanya kepada institusi pendidikan dalam mengatur strategi bagi membantu dalam meningkatkan dan mengekalkan kegembiraan pelajar.
Eko Kritik Puisi Pilihan Malaysia dan Indonesia
Authors: Muda Mohd. Saberi , Ahmad Mas Rynna Wati
Published: October 2021

Suara sasterawan dalam isu alam sekitar menjadi satu tema yang tidak asing lagi dalam penulisan dunia sejagat. Alam sekitar yang menjadi sebahagian dari kehidupan ini menjadi sumber dalam proses pengkaryaan. Puisi-puisi hijau adalah antara karya yang muncul pada perkembangan dunia penulisan puisi di Malaysia dan Indonesia. Dua negara berjiran ini turut memiliki permasalahan yang hampir sama dalam isu alam sekitar. Justeru itu keprihatinan penyair dalam isu ekosistem ini diperlu dianalisis menerusi kajian eko kritik bagi merincikan lontaran pemikiran tersebut. Puisi-puisi tersebut seperti “Balada Terbunuhnya Beringin Tua di Pinggir Sebuah Bandar Raya” karya Usman Awang (1979), “Hari Terakhir Sebuah Hutan” karya Muhammad Haji Salleh (1989) dan “Debu dan Dendam Alam” karya Baha Zain (1997). Manakala dari Indonesia puisi-puisi yang serupa adalah “Membaca Tanda-Tanda” oleh Taufik Ismail (1982), “Danau Toba” oleh Sitor Situmorang (1982) dan “Pandangan Senjakala” karya WS Rendra (1967). Periodisasi karya-karya yang mewakili era tahun 1960-an hingga 1990an ini memperlihatkan perjuangan yang berterusan dari penyair kedua-dua negara. Pendekatan eko kritik yang digunakan bagi menganalisis karya tersebut difokuskan kepada elemen ekologi, etika, bahasa dan kritikan sebagai kerangka kajian. Kajian yang melihat hubungan manusia dengan alam ini turut menyenaraikan manfaat alam pada seluruh kehidupan serta tanggapan atau perlakuan moral manusia terhadap alam. Etika dan perlakuan moral ini merupakan sebahagian dari tanggung jawab dalam sistem nilai sesebuah masyarakat. Manakala bahasa dan kritikan pula merupakan kaedah penyampaian penyair bagi perkongsian pemikiran dalam usaha melestarikan alam sekitar. Nostalgia, kehilangan serta protes dalam karya akan memperlihatkan kesan kerosakan alam sekitar yang memerlukan kepada pemuliharaan. Pemuliharaan khazanah warisan ini perlu ditangani dengan bijaksana demi kesejahteraan warga di masa akan datang.
Three perspectives on the role of teacher beliefs in the language classroom
Authors: Krogager Andersen Line
Published: October 2021

This study explores the role of teacher beliefs in two teachers’ implementation of a collaboratively planned teaching activity into classroom practice. It is a retrospective case study aiming to explain how the difference between two teachers’ realisations of a specific bilingual teaching activity may be seen as related to their beliefs about language learning and teaching. The role of teacher beliefs for language teaching practice has been the subject of much research, although the nature of the relationship remains contested. This study explores a new approach to the puzzle by combining new and existing perspectives on teacher beliefs in the form of enacted, professed and implicit beliefs. The study re-examines data from a larger action research study through 4 cycles of analysis and interpretation, moving from observed teaching practices to the three perspectives on teacher beliefs to provide a description of the complex interplay between beliefs and practice. The analysis shows that the combination of the different perspectives on teacher beliefs allows for a meaningful interpretation of the relationship between teacher beliefs and teaching practice, that the two teachers’ beliefs about language learning and teaching play an important role in their transformation of teaching plans to teaching practice and that their different practices lead to different language learning affordances in the two classrooms. The article concludes by suggesting that the interplay between teaching activities, students’ engagement and teacher beliefs may be a fruitful place of inquiry for future research.
INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS ON PERFORMANCE OF PROJECTS AMONG STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA
Authors: Mutiso Stephen , Mwangangi Patrick
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of public private partnerships on performance of projects among state corporations in Kenya with an aim of making recommendations to other institutions.

 

Methodology: The researcher reviewed both theoretical and empirical literature and proposed to use the research methodology that addressed the gaps identified in literature as well as answer the stipulated research questions. This research study adopted a descriptive research design approach. The study prefers this method because it allows an in-depth study of the subject. The study employed stratified random sampling technique in coming up with a sample size of 127 respondents from a total of 187 target population. Structured and semi structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data gathered from the questionnaires administered was analyzed by the help of Ms Excel and SPSS version 22, while output was presented inform of frequency tables and charts. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics to show the relationship between variables

Results and conclusion: The response rate of the study was 87%.The coefficient of determination also called the R2 was 0.634. R2 value of 0.634 means that 63.4% of the corresponding variation in performance of commercial building projects registered by National Construction Authority in Kenya can be explained or predicted by (information technology adoption, strategic partnerships, customer experience management, team management) which indicated that the model fitted the study data.The findings of the study indicated that information technology adoption, strategic partnerships, customer experience management and team management have a positive relationship with performance of commercial building projects registered by National Construction Authority in Kenya.The findings of the study indicated that legal framework, stakeholder involvement, value for money and risk management have a positive relationship with performance of projects among state corporations in Kenya

Policy recommendation: The study recommended that public institutions should embrace public private partnerships so as to improve performance of projects among state corporations and further researches should to be carried out in other public institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained.
A Brief Survey of Question Answering Systems
Authors: Caballero Michael
Published: October 2021

Question Answering (QA) is a subfield of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and computer science focused on building systems that automatically answer questions from humans in natural language. This survey summarizes the history and current state of the field and is intended as an introductory overview of QA systems. After discussing QA history, this paper summarizes the different approaches to the architecture of QA systems -- whether they are closed or open-domain and whether they are text-based, knowledge-based, or hybrid systems. Lastly, some common datasets in this field are introduced and different evaluation metrics are discussed.
A New Efficient Cache Replacement Strategy for Named Data Networking
Authors: Al-Ahmadi Saad
Published: October 2021

The Information-Centric Network (ICN) is a future internet architecture with efficient content retrieval and distribution. Named Data Networking (NDN) is one of the proposed architectures for ICN. NDN’s innetwork caching improves data availability, reduce retrieval delays, network load, alleviate producer load, and limit data traffic. Despite the existence of several caching decision algorithms, the fetching and distribution of contents with minimum resource utilization remains a great challenge. In this paper, we introduce a new cache replacement strategy called Enhanced Time and Frequency Cache Replacement strategy (ETFCR) where both cache hit frequency and cache retrieval time are used to select evicted data chunks. ETFCR adds time cycles between the last two requests to adjust data chunk’s popularity and cache hits. We conducted extensive simulations using the ccnSim simulator to evaluate the performance of ETFCR and compare it to that of some well-known cache replacement strategies. Simulations results show that ETFCR outperforms the other cache replacement strategies in terms of cache hit ratio, and lower content retrieval delay.
Sector Tree-Based Clustering for Energy Efficient Routing Protocol in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Tan Nguyen Duy , Quy Vu Khanh , Hung Pham Ngoc , Vinh Le Van
Published: October 2021

One of the main challenges for researchers to build routing protocols is how to use energy efficiently to extend the lifespan of the whole wireless sensor networks (WSN) because sensor nodes have limited battery power resources. In this work, we propose a Sector Tree-Based clustering routing protocol (STB-EE) for Energy Efficiency to cope with this problem, where the entire network area is partitioned into dynamic sectors (clusters), which balance the number of alive nodes. The nodes in each sector only communicate with their nearest neighbour by constructing a minimum tree based on the Kruskal algorithm and using mixed distance from candidate node to base station (BS) and remaining energy of candidate nodes to determine which node will become the cluster head (CH) in each cluster? By calculating the duration of time in each round for suitability, STB-EE increases the number of data packets sent to the BS. Our simulation results show that the network lifespan using STB-EE can be improved by about 16% and 10% in comparison to power-efficient gathering in sensor information system (PEGASIS) and energy-efficient PEGASIS-based protocol (IEEPB), respectively.
An Experimental Evaluation of Similarity-Based and Embedding-Based Link Prediction Methods on Graphs
Authors: Islam Md Kamrul , Aridhi Sabeur , Smail-Tabbone Malika
Published: October 2021

The task of inferring missing links or predicting future ones in a graph based on its current structure is referred to as link prediction. Link prediction methods that are based on pairwise node similarity are well-established approaches in the literature and show good prediction performance in many realworld graphs though they are heuristic. On the other hand, graph embedding approaches learn lowdimensional representation of nodes in graph and are capable of capturing inherent graph features, and thus support the subsequent link prediction task in graph. This paper studies a selection of methods from both categories on several benchmark (homogeneous) graphs with different properties from various domains. Beyond the intra and inter category comparison of the performances of the methods, our aim is also to uncover interesting connections between Graph Neural Network(GNN)- based methods and heuristic ones as a means to alleviate the black-box well-known limitation.
Study of Task Scheduling Strategy based on Trustworthiness
Authors: QIN Jun , SONG Yanyan , ZONG Ping
Published: October 2021

MapReduce is a distributed computing model for cloud computing to process massive data. It simplifies the writing of distributed parallel programs. For the fault-tolerant technology in the MapReduce programming model, tasks may be allocated to nodes with low reliability. It causes the task to be reexecuted, wasting time and resources. This paper proposes a reliability task scheduling strategy with a failure recovery mechanism, evaluates the trustworthiness of resource nodes in the cloud environment and builds a trustworthiness model. By using the simulation platform CloudSim, the stability of the task scheduling algorithm and scheduling model are verified in this paper.
Perceptions of Online Teaching and Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Barbadian Primary and Secondary Schools
Authors: Stuart Kristina , Devonish Dwayne , Babb Unri , Burke Kenroy , McClean-Trotman Lisa
Published: October 2021

This paper explores a sample of data collected from a UNICEF Eastern Caribbean rapid assessment on teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in eight countries. The primary investigation method was mixed and captured data from key participants/stakeholders in education using CAPI Technology and Video Conferencing tools. Statistical analyses and qualitative thematic analysis were conducted to report on findings using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and Nvivo Qualitative Software. The data on online teaching and learning from Barbados was selected for further review and presented an opportunity to assess the Barbadian experience against other developing and developed countries. In assessing these perceptions in a sample of primary and secondary schools, stakeholders were generally dissatisfied with the online and blended learning modalities citing challenges relating to the equality and equity in access to devices and the enabling environment that facilities effective online teaching and learning.
Corporate Environmental Sustainability – A Key Figure-Based Approach
Authors: Stern Sabrina , Steck Sven , Waitzinger Stefan
Published: October 2021

This paper describes the rationale and the development of a structured digital approach for measuring corporate environmental sustainability using performance metrics. It is impossible to imagine today's age without the preservation of our environment, not even in the corporate environment. Currently, sustainability is mostly only rudimentarily considered in companies, mostly only with written down phrases on the website. This will no longer be sufficient in the future, which is why companies should record sustainability on a numerical basis. Based on the development of a workable concept for companies, a small empirical study was carried out, which can be used to numerically measure the sustainability performance of companies. Two utility analyses were completed. One of them was supplemented by expert interviews. Well-known practitioners from the business world were interviewed and asked for their assessment of ecological performance indicators. The result of the research is an indicator-based concept that can be applied in corporate practice to determine ecological sustainability performance.
A Development Framework for a Conversational Agent to Explore Machine Learning Concepts
Authors: Kok Arslan Ayse
Published: October 2021

This study aims to introduce a discussion platform and curriculum designed to help people understand how machines learn. Research shows how to train an agent through dialogue and understand how information is represented using visualization. This paper starts by providing a comprehensive definition of AI literacy based on existing research and integrates a wide range of different subject documents into a set of key AI literacy skills to develop a user-centered AI. This functionality and structural considerations are organized into a conceptual framework based on the literature. Contributions to this paper can be used to initiate discussion and guide future research on AI learning within the computer science community.
Catwalkgrader: A Catwalk Analysis and Correction System using Machine Learning and Computer Vision
Authors: Dong Tianjiao , Sun Yu
Published: October 2021

In recent years, the modeling industry has attracted many people, causing a drastic increase in the number of modeling training classes. Modeling takes practice, and without professional training, few beginners know if they are doing it right or not. In this paper, we present a real-time 2D model walk grading app based on Mediapipe, a library for real-time, multi-person keypoint detection. After capturing 2D positions of a person's joints and skeletal wireframe from an uploaded video, our app uses a scoring formula to provide accurate scores and tailored feedback to each user for their modeling skills.
Reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol using Pt/HKUST-1 catalyst
Authors: Bui Thi Thanh Ha  , Le Van Duong  , Ta Ngoc Hung  , Dinh Thi Thanh Hai  , Pham Dai Duong  , Nguyen Le Anh  , Ta Ngoc Don
Published: October 2021

The catalyst Pt/HKHUST-1 was used for synthesis 4-aminophenol (4-AP) by reducsion 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). Factors that affected to the reaction were tested: ratio 4-NP/NaBH4, temperature and time of the reaction. Changing the ratio of 4-NP/NaBH4 in the direction of increasing NaBH4, the reaction rate increases. However, it is acceptable to reduce the reaction rate when synthesizing with high concentration of reactants. The 4-AP synthesis is performed with ratio 4-NP/NaBH4 = 1/5, suitable time and temperature for this reaction is 60 minutes and 15 oC. The catalyst sample containing 2% Pt on HKUST-1 material was used to synthesize 4-AP with the yield of 65.3% (average 64.2%), the catalyst has good stability, can reused many times. The purity of 4-AP after refining was > 99 %.
The effect of protic solvents in the conversion of lignin from Earleaf Acacia tree
Authors: Vu Bao Khanh  , Huynh Van Phat  , Nguyen Kim Truc  , Tran Nguyen Minh An  , Nguyen Van Cuong  , Phung Thanh Khoa
Published: October 2021

Lignin is one of main components of lignocellulosic along with cellulose and hemicellulose. It is a by-product of the paper and pulp industry, and has aromatic backbones making them an ideal renewable feedstock of aromatic compounds for a range of applications. Catalytic conversion of lignin from Earleaf Acacia tree was performed using high pressure/temperature reactor with Ru/C catalyst and protic solvents. The results showed that the conversion of lignin depends on the solvent polarity of protic solvents, and Ru/C catalyst enhanced the lignin conversion. Phenolic compounds are the main components of lignin conversion. Those compounds can be applied as a basement for bulk chemical and fuels.
Insight into structure, stability and hydrogen bond in complexes of guanine and thymine at the molecular level using computational chemical method
Authors: Ngo Thi Hong Nhung  , Dau Thi Thu Huong  , Nguyen Tien Trung
Published: October 2021

Nine stable structures of complexes formed by interaction of guanine with thymine were located on potential energy surface at B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p). The complexes are quite stable with interaction energy from -5,8 to -17,7 kcal.mol-1. Strength of complexes are contributed by hydrogen bonds, in which a pivotal role of N−H×××O/N overcoming C−H×××O/N hydrogen bond, up to to 3.5 times, determines stabilization of complexes investigated. It is found that polarity of N/C−H covalent bond over proton affinity of N/O site governs stability of hydrogen bond in the complexes. The obtained results show that the N/C−H×××O/N red-shifting hydrogen bonds occur in all complexes, and a larger magnitude of an elongation of N−H compared C-H bond length accompanied by a decrease of its stretching frequency is detected in the N/C−H×××O/N hydrogen bond upon complexation. The SAPT2+ analysis indicates the substantial contribution of attractive electrostatic energy versus the induction and dispersion terms in stabilizing the complexes.
Atmospheric tomography using the Nordic Meteor Radar Cluster and Chilean Observation Network De Meteor Radars: network details and 3D-Var retrieval
Authors: Stober Gunter , Kozlovsky Alexander , Liu Alan , Qiao Zishun , Tsutsumi Masaki , Hall Chris , Nozawa Satonori , Lester Mark , Belova Evgenia , Kero Johan , Espy Patrick J. , Hibbins Robert E. , Mitchell Nicholas
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Ground-based remote sensing of atmospheric parameters is often limited to single station observations by vertical profiles at a certain geographic location. This is a limiting factor for investigating gravity wave dynamics as the spatial information is often missing, e.g., horizontal wavelength, propagation direction or intrinsic frequency. In this study, we present a new retrieval algorithm for multistatic meteor radar networks to obtain tomographic 3-D wind fields within a pre-defined domain area. The algorithm is part of the Agile Software for Gravity wAve Regional Dynamics (ASGARD) and called 3D-Var, and based on the optimal estimation technique and Bayesian statistics. The performance of the 3D-Var retrieval is demonstrated using two meteor radar networks: the Nordic Meteor Radar Cluster and the Chilean Observation Network De Meteor Radars (CONDOR). The optimal estimation implementation provide statistically sound solutions and diagnostics from the averaging kernels and measurement response. We present initial scientific results such as body forces of breaking gravity waves leading to two counter-rotating vortices and horizontal wavelength spectra indicating a transition between the rotational k−3 and divergent k-5/3 mode at scales of 80–120 km. In addition, we performed a keogram analysis over extended periods to reflect the latitudinal and temporal impact of a minor sudden stratospheric warming in December 2019. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the 3D-Var algorithm to perform large-scale retrievals to derive meteorological wind maps covering a latitude region from Svalbard, north of the European Arctic mainland, to central Norway.
Development of an in situ dual-channel thermal desorption gas chromatography instrument for consistent quantification of volatile, intermediate-volatility and semivolatile organic compounds
Authors: Wernis Rebecca A. , Kreisberg Nathan M. , Weber Robert J. , Liang Yutong , Jayne John , Hering Susanne , Goldstein Allen H.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Aerosols are a source of great uncertainty in radiative
forcing predictions and have poorly understood health impacts. Most aerosol
mass is formed in the atmosphere from reactive gas-phase organic precursors,
forming secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Semivolatile organic compounds
(SVOCs) (effective saturation concentration, C*, of 10−1–103 µg m−3) comprise a large fraction of organic aerosol, while
intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) (C* of
103–106 µg m−3) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
(C* ≥ 106 µg m−3) are gas-phase precursors to SOA and
ozone. The Comprehensive Thermal Desorption Aerosol Gas Chromatograph (cTAG) is the
first single instrument simultaneously quantitative for a broad range of
compound-specific VOCs, IVOCs and SVOCs. cTAG is a two-channel instrument
which measures concentrations of C5–C16 alkane-equivalent-volatility VOCs and IVOCs on one channel and C14–C32 SVOCs on the
other coupled to a single high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer,
achieving consistent quantification across 15 orders of magnitude of vapor
pressure. cTAG obtains concentrations hourly and gas–particle partitioning
for SVOCs every other hour, enabling observation of the evolution of these species
through oxidation and partitioning into the particle phase. Online
derivatization for the SVOC channel enables detection of more polar and
oxidized species. In this work we present design details and data evaluating key parameters of
instrument performance such as I/VOC collector design optimization,
linearity and reproducibility of calibration curves obtained using a custom
liquid evaporation system for I/VOCs and the effect of an ozone removal
filter on instrument performance. Example timelines of precursors with
secondary products are shown, and analysis of a subset of compounds
detectable by cTAG demonstrates some of the analytical possibilities with
this instrument.
Multi-scale virtual field experience: sedimentology and stratigraphy of Grand Ledge, Michigan, USA
Authors: Marshall Madeline S. , Higley Melinda C.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Field experiences are a critical component of undergraduate
geoscience education; however, traditional onsite field experiences are not
always practical due to accessibility, and the popularity of alternative
modes of learning in higher education is increasing. One way to support
student access to field experiences is through virtual field trips,
implemented either independently or in conjunction with in-person field
trips. We created a virtual field trip (VFT) to Grand Ledge, a regionally
important suite of sedimentary outcrops in central lower Michigan, USA. This
VFT undertakes all stages of a field project, from question development and
detailed observation through data collection to interpretation. The VFT was
implemented in undergraduate sedimentation and stratigraphy courses at two different liberal arts institutions, with one version of the VFT conducted
in-person and the other online. The VFT was presented from a locally hosted
website and distributed through an online learning platform. Students
completed a series of activities using field data in the form of outcrop
photos, virtual 3D models of outcrops and hand samples, and photos of thin
sections. Student products included annotated field notes, a stratigraphic
column, a collaborative stratigraphic correlation, and a final written
reflection. VFT assessment demonstrated that students successfully achieved
the inquiry-oriented student learning outcomes, and student reflection responses provide anecdotal evidence that the field experience was
comparable to field geology onsite. This VFT is an example of successful
student learning in an upper-level sedimentation and stratigraphy course via virtual field experience with an emphasis on local geology.
Justificatory Narratives: The Collapse of Greensill Capital
Authors: Ruggiero Vincenzo
Published: October 2021

The collapse of Greensill Capital, a company whose self-styled owner experimented with innovative supply-chain finance, led to parliamentary inquiries in the UK during the course of 2021. This paper tells the story of the collapse and analyses the justifications mobilised by the company’s owner, Lex Greensill, in defence of his acts. His exculpatory narratives contain classical components that characterise white-collar and financial crime, but also some innovative aspects that may prefigure the future development of these types of crimes.
UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY READINESS, SATISFACTION AND ELECTRONIC WORD-OF-MOUTH ON LOYALTY IN 3C PRODUCTS
Authors: Chen Shih-Chih
Published: October 2021

This research examines the exogenous antecedents of loyalty in the purchase of 3C products. In the proposed model, we assess how the direct effects of technology readiness, satisfaction, and electronic word-of-mouth on consumers’ loyalty and the indirect effects of technology readiness on loyalty via satisfaction and electronic word-of-mouth. Data was collected via online survey from experienced buyers and users of the leading 3C internet forums in Taiwan. Structural Equation modeling was applied to examine the proposed model. According to the analysis results, loyalty is influenced significantly by technology readiness, satisfaction and electronic word-of-mouth. And, technology readiness has the mediation effects on loyalty via satisfaction and electronic word-of-mouth. Finally, detailed research findings and managerial implications are discussed.
THE STORY OF EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENT BY CHINA AND ITS IMPACT ON USA ECONOMY
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Ramzan Muhammad , Naveed Sundus , Hameed Saira
Published: October 2021

Exchange rate is an important element of the country’s economic health. It is one of the most scrutinized, anatomized and manipulated economic dimension. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of exchange rate of China on the US trade, employment and on its currency as well. The approach to this paper is to answer the questions such as the mechanism selected by China for its exchange rate determination? What are the interests of China in adopting the fixed exchange rate strategy? How this step of China is affecting the U.S.? What steps are taken by USto abandon China’ policy? This paper concludes that US economy is badly affected; China snatches the jobs of US, exports of China rushes towards US economy while imports from US towards China did not come with that pace. This happens because of exchange rate and trade mechanism adopted by China. Moreover this policy of China is beneficial for its economy but not for the well being of the Chinese people. This paper is beneficial for the researchers, students, policy makers, politicians and economists related to international finance area.
EMOTIVE EFFORT AMONG MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Bilal Kanwal
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between work complexity, emotive effort and its effects on job satisfaction and Emotion Management related stress among medical professionals; as in accordance with ‘The Managed Heart’ by Arlie Hochschild, it is asserted that emotive toil is carried out by medical professionals. Correspondence among work complexity, emotive toil and job satisfaction are ascertained by circulating questionnaires among medical personnel. This correspondence is investigated by the use of regression analysis. Conclusions drawn on the basis of analysis disclose that emotive struggle was considerably negatively associated to job satisfaction and work complexity. The research verdicts are only restricted to the medical professionals working in different hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan.
THE ROLE OF EMAIL IN IMPROVING TASK PERFORMANCE AMONG THE EXECUTIVES IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Baninajarian Narges , Abdullah Zulhamri , Bolong Jusang
Published: October 2021

As new technologies that support managerial communication became widely used, the question of how they influence task performance increases in importance. This study aims to examine the role of email in improving task performance. Specifically, this study attempts to look at how email richness and ease of use can affect task performance. The results of this study revealed that the executives experienced moderate to high level of task performance while using email. The results also showed that the executives perceived email in moderate to high level in richness while they perceived email as an easy to use communication medium. Perceived email richness and perceived email ease of use had a positively significant relationship with task performance. However, the positive correlation coefficient values indicated that the increase in email richness and ease of use perception generates an increase in task performance.
BASIC EMPIRICAL APPROACHES TO STUDYING SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF STUDENTS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Kungurtseva M. D.
Published: October 2021

Speaking about empirical approaches to the study of the socio-psychological adaptation of students with visual impairments (hereinafter referred to as SPAVI), it is necessary to proceed from the understanding that the very process of adaptation for students with the indicated health limitations is the basic process of social and mental development of the individual. In addition, this process is constant in terms of active adaptation of students with visual impairments to the environment in which they integrate and interact in it. In this regard, the relevance and significance of empirical approaches to the study of SPAVI is determined by their position and the degree of formation of the ability to be included in the life of the microsocium in which they are socialized and to occupy a full-fledged creative "membership" in it. The article identifies and characterizes the main empirical approaches to the study of SPAVI. The identification of the types of approaches is given in the author's concept-interpretation. Within the framework of each identified approach, the author defines a range of indicators that make it possible to draw up the most complete picture of the socio-psychological adaptation of students in higher educational institutions. The author concludes that that the support of the SPAVI process on the basis of the identified approaches will effectively contribute to the development of a high level of self-actualization and social activity of this category of students.
Characterization of innately decellularised micropattern pseudostem of Musa balbisiana - A non-surface functionalized 3D economic biomaterial scaffold
Authors: Narayanan Deepa , Bhat Sarita , Baranwal Gaurav
Published: October 2021

Banana (Musa balbisiana) pseudostem 3D scaffolds have been developed here for primary eukaryotic cell and cell line culture as an economical, sustainable, eco-friendly alternative for surface-functionalized polymeric and plant tissue-based structures. Musa pseudostem 3D micro pattern scaffold (MPM-3Ds) developed by freeze-drying followed by ethylene oxide sterilization yielded 5.6ng of DNA per mg of tissue, confirming its extended decellularised state. Thermogravimetric analysis, contact angle measurement, uniaxial testing, and FTIR determined thermal stability, wettability, tensile strength, and surface functional groups respectively. Micro and macronutrients, sugars, and amino acids that naturally enrich MPM-3Ds were estimated using EDAX, HPLC, and biochemical analysis. The most important finding was, non-surface functionalized MPM-3Ds supported attachment, growth, and differentiation of human mesenchyme stem cells, human primary hepatocytes like cells, primary mouse brain cortical neurons, mouse fibroblast cells, and human pancreatic cancer cells. MPM-3Ds showed in vivo biodegradation and biocompatibility in a preliminary analysis in Sprague Dawley rats. These findings illuminate nature's power to nurture cells in the micropattern cradles of MPM- 3Ds that can support innovative research in stem cell differentiation, drug and cosmetic testing, and biosensor development leading to advanced biomedical research.
Selectivity of Herbicides Applied in Preemergence and Diuron in Postemergence for Sesame
Authors: Sofiatti Valdinei , Costa Augusto GF , Cavalieri Sidnei D , Martins Lucas S , Pereira Cássio L , Silva Thiago RB , Clemente Vilmar V
Published: October 2021

The expansion of sesame growth has led to one of the biggest challenges in weed management mainly due to the limited options of selective herbicides for the control of eudicots species. This study aimed to evaluate the selectivity of diuron, s-metolachlor or imazethapyr herbicide treatments in isolation, or in a tank mixture, when applied in preemergence only, or association with diuron herbicide sprayed in postemergence during sesame cultivation. Two experiments were carried out under Brazilian Cerrado conditions. In the first experiment, different doses (g ha-1) of diuron (500 and 750), s-metolachlor (480 and 960) and imazethapyr (40 and 80) were applied in preemergence in isolation or in a tank mixture. In the second experiment, doses (g ha-1) of the herbicides diuron (500 and 750) and s-metolachlor (480 and 720) were applied in preemergence isolated or in tank mixture, associated or not with diuron (500 g ha-1) in postemergence. The results indicated that diuron and s-metolachlor applied in isolation or in combination during preemergence are selective to the sesame crop up to the doses of 750 g ha-1 and 720 g ha-1, respectively, and when applied in association with diuron at a dose of 500 g ha-1 in postemergence are also selective for sesame crop.
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH FREE BUS TRAVEL SCHEME IN TAMIL NADU: SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VILLUPURAM DISTRICT
Authors: S Sudarkodi , S Balasubramani
Published: October 2021

This article has mainly focused on the innovative scheme of free bus travel and how it benefited the people and sparked to empower the women in the male centric society. Tamil Nadu is a welfare State which implemented innovative schemes for enhancement of people status gradually. On the consequence, the Government of Tamil Nadu has announced the scheme for women welfare and empowerment named “Free Bus Travel Scheme” which has given the free travel to all women in Tamil Nadu. The intention of the scheme was announced by the Government of Tamil Nadu to increase the mobility of women. This scheme has increased the women’s mobility and their savings. Tamil Nadu, being a role model for implementing the innovative free schemes for entire India. All the state has attributed the concept for their convenience and applied the different phenomenon. Earlier, Tamil Nadu Government has given the doles and freebies to the people, especially those have in the poverty line. Some of the electronic goods also provided to enhance the economic and educational enhancement. Now the tern has changed beyond the stereo type of schemes and programs. Conceptually, the Government has announced the free travel for all women might be stupendous character which directly or indirectly enhance the women status and empower the women in this society. Keywords: Women Empowerment, Innovative schemes, free bus travel, economical enhancement.
عمل المرأة مأذوناً شرعياً في الفقه الإسلامي والمعمول به في القضاء الشرعي الفلسطيني
Authors: كليبي يوسف
Published: October 2021

يعد تولي المرأة لوظيفة المأذونة الشرعية من القضايا المعاصرة التي ظهرت في الآونة الأخيرة خصوصاً بعد إقرار بعض الدول الإسلامية توليها هذه الوظيفة، وعلى إثر ذلك ظهرت أصوات تطالب ببيان رأي الشرع في هذا الأمر، فتناقضت الآراء بين مجيز ومانع، وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى البحث عن مدى مشروعية تولي المرأة المأذونة الشرعية، وتوصيف هذه الوظيفة التوصيف الصحيح، وعرض الأقوال والأدلة حول هذه المسألة، إضافة إلى ذلك هدفت الدراسة إلى بيان المتبع والمعمول به في القضاء الشرعي الفلسطيني، واتبعت الدراسة المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج الوصفي التحليلي والمنهج المقارن، وخلصت الدراسة إلى ترجيح جواز إيكال وظيفة المأذون الشرعي للنساء ضمن ضوابط محددة، وأن توصيف الوظيفة هو عمل توثيقي لا قضائي، كما خلصت إلى أن القانون المنظم لعمل المأذون الشرعي في فلسطين لم ينص على شرط الذكورة، وتم تسجيل أول حالة  لتكليف امرأة في هذه الوظيفة في العام 2015م، وبلغ عدد النساء المزاولات لوظيفة مأذون شرعي في فلسطين حتى بداية 2020م 15 إمرأة تقريباً.
Evaluation of Memory Impairment Following Prenatal Exposure to Mosquito Coil Smoke
Authors: K Shehu , Im Badamosi , MS Saleh
Published: October 2021

Background: Developmental Neurotoxicity can lead to the buildup of reactive oxygen species which is an indicator to oxidative stress in the prenatally exposed offspring. Neuronal oxidative stress induces neuroinflammation, precedes tangle formation, and disrupts synaptic plasticity. The result of such changes may be expressed into adulthood as behavioral deficits. All together, these mechanisms are implicated in memory disorders. Objectives: To investigate the histochemical changes in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of Wistar rats' offspring after prenatal exposure to mosquito coil smoke and its effect on memory. . Methods: 12 pregnant Wistar rats were grouped into four, 3 animals per group. Group I was exposed to fresh air. Groups II, III, and IV were exposed to mosquito coil smoke for 4, 6 and 8 hours daily respectively throughout gestation period. On Post-natal day (PND) 28 and 29, shortterm spatial and recognition memory of adolescent wistar rats were assessed using water licking task and novel object recognition test respectively. For each animal group (I-IV), a total of 8 animals were randomly selected from the litters for neurobehavioral studies. Experimental animals were humanely sacrificed and sections from the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex were processed for histochemical studies using Bielschowsky stain. Data were presented as mean ± SEM; analysed using One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test (p<0.05). Results and Conclusion: Our results showed significant impairment in short-term recognition and spatial memory of group III and IV adolescent wistar rats when compared with the control (p<0.05) and the formation of neurofibrillary tangle-like structures in neurons of the studied regions. .