bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple obesity indices suggest a close relationship between obesity and constipation: evidence from NHANES
Authors: Xiang Nengjun , Xu Lulu , Qian Haihua , Zhang Dan
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study aims to investigate the relationship between obesity and constipation among American adults.

Methods

Our study leveraged data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This comprehensive approach enabled us to summarize the weighted prevalence rates of obesity in adults. To further deepen our understanding, we employed a variety of analytical methods. These included multivariable logistic regression, subgroup analysis and restricted cubic splines. Through these methodologies, we were able to effectively evaluate the correlation between various obesity indicators and constipation, offering new insights into this complex relationship.

Results

The weighted prevalence of constipation stands at 9.42%. Notably, an increased risk of constipation is linked with a BMI (body mass index) exceeding 28 kg/m2, WSR (waist-stature ratio) that is either between 58.3 and 64.8 or above 64.8, as well as a LAP (lipid accumulation products) ranging from 50.8 to 90.1. In contrast, a reduced risk of constipation is associated with WWI (weight-adjusted-waist index) that falls between 0.015 and 0.020, exceeds 0.020, and without the presence of central obesity (P < 0.05). Restricted cubic spline analysis, a significant non-linear relationship was discerned between BMI, WSR, and LAP in relation to constipation.

Conclusions

This pioneering large-scale study explores the relationship between various obesity indices and constipation. It reveals that reducing the BMI, WSR, LAP and waist circumference can decrease the risk of constipation. Conversely, a higher value of WWI correlates with a lower constipation risk, and this remains true even after adjusting for a wide range of variables.
Hepatitis B virus infection among illegal drug users in Enugu State, Nigeria: prevalence, immune status, and related risk factors
Authors: Orabueze Ibuchukwu N , Ike Anthony C , Aniche Oluchi M , Nwafia Ifeyinwa N , Ebede Samuel O
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Hepatitis B virus infection poses a global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income African countries. Illicit drug use exacerbates the problem, with drug users having a higher HBV infection risk and maintaining a quiet transmission pool. This study aimed to determine HBV infection prevalence, immune status, and risk factors among illegal drug users in Enugu State, Nigeria.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Enugu State, using privileged access interviewer methods to enroll drug users. Pre-tested structured questionnaires were administered after informed consent was obtained. Blood samples were tested for HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb using immunochromatographic rapid test kits. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.

Results

One hundred drug users were recruited into the study. Overall, 7% of the drug users had HBV infection. 61% were found to be susceptible to HBV infection, 15% showed serological evidence of immunity from HBV vaccination and 1% developed natural immunity from HBV exposure. Significant risk factors for HBV infection were age less than 20 years, young age (≤ 20 years) at drug initiation, being single, injecting drugs more than or equal to 20 times per month and injecting with used syringes.

Conclusion

This study shows high intermediate endemicity of HBV infection among drug users, low vaccination uptake, and high susceptibility to HBV infection. This calls for the urgent inclusion of drug users in national HBV vaccination campaigns and the adoption of the World Health Organization’s recommendations on the prevention of viral hepatitis among people who inject drugs.
Diabetes, life course and childhood socioeconomic conditions: an empirical assessment for Mexico
Authors: Gonzalez-Samano Marina , Villarreal Hector J.
Published: May 2024

Background

Demographic and epidemiological dynamics characterized by lower fertility rates and longer life expectancy, as well as higher prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, represent important challenges for policy makers around the World. We investigate the risk factors that influence the diagnosis of diabetes in the Mexican population aged 50 years and over, including childhood poverty.

Results

This work employs a probabilistic regression model with information from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) of 2012 and 2018. Our results are consistent with the existing literature and should raise strong concerns. The findings suggest that risk factors that favor the diagnosis of diabetes in adulthood are: age, family antecedents of diabetes, obesity, and socioeconomic conditions during both adulthood and childhood.

Conclusions

Poverty conditions before the age 10, with inter-temporal poverty implications, are associated with a higher probability of being diagnosed with diabetes when older and pose extraordinary policy challenges.
Short-term and long-term outcomes after robotic radical surgery for rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Maeda Chikara , Yamaoka Yusuke , Shiomi Akio , Kagawa Hiroyasu , Hino Hitoshi , Manabe Shoichi , Kai Chen , Nanishi Kenji
Published: May 2024

Background

The optimal approach for ensuring both complete resection and preservation of anal function in rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify short-term and long-term outcomes after robotic radical surgery for rectal GIST.

Methods

A total of 13 patients who underwent robotic radical surgery for rectal GIST between December 2011 and April 2022 were included. All robotic procedures were performed using a systematic approach. A supplemental video of robotic radical surgery for rectal GIST is attached. The short-term outcome was the incidence of postoperative complications during the first 30 days after surgery. Surgical outcomes were retrieved from a prospective database. Long-term outcomes, including overall survival and recurrence-free survival, were determined in all patients.

Results

Median distance from the tumor to the anal verge was 4.0 cm. Surgical margins were negative in all patients. Two patients underwent neoadjuvant imatinib therapy. All patients underwent sphincter-preserving surgery. None underwent conversion to open or laparoscopic surgery. The incidence of postoperative Clavien-Dindo grade II and grade ≥ III complications was 7.7% and 0%, respectively. The median postoperative hospital stay was 7 days. Twelve patients (92.3%) underwent stoma closure within 5 months of the initial surgery. Median follow-up time was 76 months. The 5-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates were both 100%. None of the patients had recurrence.

Conclusion

Short-term and long-term outcomes after radical robotic surgery for rectal GIST were favorable. Robotic surgery might be a useful surgical approach for rectal GIST.
The potential of the Mediterranean diet to improve metabolic control and body composition in youths with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Güneş Kaya Didem , Arslan Neslihan , Ayyıldız Feride , Bayramoğlu Elvan , Turan Hande , Ercan Oya
Published: May 2024

Background

A chronic autoimmune disease with an increasing incidence rate, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is typified by the degeneration of the pancreatic beta cells. Diabetes management is significantly impacted by nutrition. Although it has been demonstrated that following the Mediterranean diet (MD) improves metabolic control with type 2 diabetes in children and adults, its effects on children with T1DM have not received much attention.

Objective

Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess whether adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with better metabolic control and body composition in youths with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. The study recruited T1DM patients aged 6-18 years at İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Hospital's Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Outpatient Clinic for follow-up.

Methods

In addition to demographic variables, some anthropometric measurements, body composition and biochemical parameters such as: Trygliceride(TG), Total cholesterol (TC), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), (Aspartate aminotransferase) AST, Alanine transaminase (ALT) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was analyzed. The time in range (TIR) is a value obtained from continuous glucose monitoring. KIDMED was used to assess the participants' adherence with the MD.

Results

Good adherence to the MD resulted in much larger height SDS than poor adherence. Poor adherence to MD resulted in higher body fat than moderate and good adherence.

There is positivite correlation between TIR and KIDMED score. Adherence to MD is negatively associated with HbA1c. The regression anaylsis showed that a one-point rise in the KIDMED score would result in a 0.314-unit reduction in the HbA1c value (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

In conclusion, this study found that adhering to MD led to improved anthropometric measurements, biochemistry, and diabetes outcomes. Awareness among children, adolescents with T1DM, and their parents about the benefits of MD compliance for glycemic and metabolic control should be raised.
The substitution effect of financial and non-financial incentives at different income levels in physician recruitment: evidence from medical students in China
Authors: Li Xinyan , Zhang Yue , Han Youli
Published: May 2024

Background

Understanding how medical students respond to financial and non-financial incentives is crucial for recruiting health workers and attracting health talents in medical education. However, both incentives are integrated in working practice, and existing theoretical studies have suggested that various income levels may influence the substitution effect of both incentives, while the empirical evidence is lacking. Furthermore, little attention has been paid to the intrinsic motivation. This study aimed to explore the substitution effect of extrinsic incentives at different income levels, also taking intrinsic altruism into account.

Methods

We used the behavioral data from Zhang et al.’s experiments, which involved discrete choice experiments (DCEs) to assess the job preferences of medical students from six teaching hospitals in Beijing, China. The incentive factors included monthly income, work location, work environment, training and career development opportunities, work load, and professional recognition. Additionally, a lab-like experiment in the medical decision-making context was conducted to quantify altruism based on utility function. Furthermore, we separated the choice sets based on the actual income and distinguished the medical students on altruism. The willingness to pay (WTP) was used to estimate the substitution effect of incentives through conditional logit model.

Results

There was a significant substitution effect between non-financial and financial incentives. As income increased, non-financial incentives such as an excellent work environment, and sufficient career development became relatively more important. The impact of the increase in income on the substitution effect was more pronounced among individuals with higher altruism. Concerning the non-financial incentive work environment, in contrast to the growth of 546 CNY (84 USD) observed in the low-altruism group, the high-altruism group experienced a growth of 1040 CNY (160 USD) in the substitution effect.

Conclusions

The increase in the income level exerted an influence on the substitution effect of non-financial incentives and financial incentives, especially in high-altruism medical students. Policymakers should attach importance to a favorable environment and promising career prospects on the basis of ensuring a higher income level. Medical school administrations should focus on promoting altruistic values in medical education, enhancing talent incentives and teaching strategies to encourage medical students to devote themselves to the medical professions.
Perceptions and outcomes of an embedded Alzheimer Society First Link Coordinator in rural primary health care memory clinics
Authors: Morgan Debra G. , Kosteniuk Julie , Bayly Melanie
Published: May 2024

Background

Primary health care has a central role in dementia detection, diagnosis, and management, especially in low-resource rural areas. Care navigation is a strategy to improve integration and access to care, but little is known about how navigators can collaborate with rural primary care teams to support dementia care. In Saskatchewan, Canada, the RaDAR (Rural Dementia Action Research) team partnered with rural primary health care teams to implement interprofessional memory clinics that included an Alzheimer Society First Link Coordinator (FLC) in a navigator role. Study objectives were to examine FLC and clinic team member perspectives of the impact of FLC involvement, and analysis of Alzheimer Society data comparing outcomes associated with three types of navigator-client contacts.

Methods

This study used a mixed-method design. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with FLC (n = 3) and clinic team members (n = 6) involved in five clinics. Data were analyzed using thematic inductive analysis. A longitudinal retrospective analysis was conducted with previously collected Alzheimer Society First Link database records. Memory clinic clients were compared to self- and direct-referred clients in the geographic area of the clinics on time to first contact, duration, and number of contacts.

Results

Three key themes were identified in both FLC and team interviews: perceived benefits to patients and families of FLC involvement, benefits to memory clinic team members, and impact of rural location. Whereas other team members assessed the patient, only FLC focused on caregivers, providing emotional and psychological support, connection to services, and symptom management. Face-to-face contact helped FLC establish a relationship with caregivers that facilitated future contacts. Team members were relieved knowing caregiver needs were addressed and learned about dementia subtypes and available services they could recommend to non-clinic clients with dementia. Although challenges of rural location included fewer available services and travel challenges in winter, the FLC role was even more important because it may be the only support available.

Conclusions

FLC and team members identified perceived benefits of an embedded FLC for patients, caregivers, and themselves, many of which were linked to the FLC being in person.
Association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and long-term adverse outcomes of heart failure patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Lyu Lyu , Wang Xinhong , Xu Juan , Liu Zhenzhen , He Yanru , Zhu Wenjing , Lin Lin , Hao Benchuan , Liu Hongbin
Published: May 2024

Background

The triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) is recognized as a reliable surrogate for evaluating insulin resistance and an effective predictor of cardiovascular disease. However, the link between TyG-BMI index and adverse outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients remains unclear. This study examines the correlation of the TyG-BMI index with long-term adverse outcomes in HF patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods

This single-center, prospective cohort study included 823 HF patients with CHD. The TyG-BMI index was calculated as follows: ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2] × BMI. To explore the association between the TyG-BMI index and the occurrences of all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization, we utilized multivariate Cox regression models and restricted cubic splines with threshold analysis.

Results

Over a follow-up period of 9.4 years, 425 patients died, and 484 were rehospitalized due to HF. Threshold analysis revealed a significant reverse “J”-shaped relationship between the TyG-BMI index and all-cause mortality, indicating a decreased risk of all-cause mortality with higher TyG-BMI index values below 240.0 (adjusted model: HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86–0.93; Log-likelihood ratio p = 0.003). A distinct “U”-shaped nonlinear relationship was observed with HF rehospitalization, with the inflection point at 228.56 (adjusted model: below: HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.98; above: HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.13; Log-likelihood ratio p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study reveals a nonlinear association between the TyG-BMI index and both all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization in HF patients with CHD, positioning the TyG-BMI index as a significant prognostic marker in this population.
Integrins as the pivotal regulators of cisplatin response in tumor cells
Authors: Nasimi Shad Arya , Moghbeli Meysam
Published: May 2024

Cisplatin (CDDP) is a widely used first-line chemotherapeutic drug in various cancers. However, CDDP resistance is frequently observed in cancer patients. Therefore, it is required to evaluate the molecular mechanisms associated with CDDP resistance to improve prognosis among cancer patients. Integrins are critical factors involved in tumor metastasis that regulate cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. They modulate several cellular mechanisms including proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, polarity, and chemo resistance. Modification of integrin expression levels can be associated with both tumor progression and inhibition. Integrins are also involved in drug resistance of various solid tumors through modulation of the tumor cell interactions with interstitial matrix and extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, in the present review we discussed the role of integrin protein family in regulation of CDDP response in tumor cells. It has been reported that integrins mainly promoted the CDDP resistance through interaction with PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and WNT signaling pathways. They also regulated the CDDP mediated apoptosis in tumor cells. This review paves the way to suggest the integrins as the reliable therapeutic targets to improve CDDP response in tumor cells.
A voltammetric method coupled with chemometrics for determination of a ternary antiparkinson mixture in its dosage form: greenness assessment
Authors: Hindam Finan T. , Eltanany Basma M. , Abou Al Alamein Amal M. , El Nashar Rasha M. , Arafa Reham M.
Published: May 2024

An electroanalytical methodology was developed by direct differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) measurement of Levodopa (LD), Carbidopa (CD) and Entacapone (ENT) mixture using bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in Britton Robinson (BR) buffer (pH = 2.0). A multivariate calibration model was then applied to the exported preprocessed voltammetric data using partial least square (PLS) as a chemometric tool. Additionally, the model was cross-validated and the number of latent variables (LVs) were determined to produce a reliable model for simultaneous quantitation of the three drugs either in their synthetic mixtures or in their marketed pharmaceutical formulation with high accuracy and precision. Data preprocessing was used to tackle the problem of lacking bi-linearity which is commonly found in electrochemical data. The proposed chemometric model was able to provide fast and reliable technique for quantitative determination of antiparkinson drugs in their dosage forms. This was successfully achieved by utilizing sixteen mixtures as calibration set and nine mixtures as validation set. The percent recoveries for LD, CD and ENT were found to be 100.05% ± 1.28%, 100.04% ± 0.53% and 99.99% ± 1.25%, respectively. The obtained results of the proposed method were statistically compared to those of a previously reported High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methodology. Finally, the presented analytical method strongly supports green analytical chemistry regarding the minimization of potentially dangerous chemicals and solvents, as well as reducing energy utilization and waste generation.
MnO2/TiO2-Catalyzed ozonolysis: enhancing Pentachlorophenol degradation and understanding intermediates
Authors: Valdés Cristian , Quispe Cristina , Fritz Rubén A. , Andler Rodrigo , Villaseñor Jorge , Pecchi Gina , Avendaño Edgardo , Delgadillo Alvaro , Setzer William N. , Sharifi-Rad Javad
Published: May 2024

Pentachlorophenol is a pesticide widely known for its harmful effects on sewage, causing harm to the environment. In previous studies, our group identified adsorption as a crucial factor in catalytic ozonation processes, and subsequent observations revealed the catalyst’s role in reducing toxicity during degradation. In this research, we quantified organochlorine intermediates and low molecular weight organic acids generated under optimal pH conditions (pH 9), with and without the catalyst. Additionally, we assessed the reactivity of these intermediates through theoretical calculations. Our findings indicate that the catalyst reduces the duration of intermediates. Additionally, the presence of CO2 suggests enhanced mineralization of pentachlorophenol, a process notably facilitated by the catalyst. Theoretical calculations, such as Fukui analysis, offer insights into potential pathways for the dechlorination of aromatic molecules by radicals like OH, indicating the significance of this pathway.
Roles of post-translational modifications of UHRF1 in cancer
Authors: Gu Lili , Fu Yongming , Li Xiong
Published: May 2024

UHRF1 as a member of RING-finger type E3 ubiquitin ligases family, is an epigenetic regulator with five structural domains. It has been involved in the regulation of a series of biological functions, such as DNA replication, DNA methylation, and DNA damage repair. Additionally, aberrant overexpression of UHRF1 has been observed in over ten cancer types, indicating that UHRF1 is a typical oncogene. The overexpression of UHRF1 repressed the transcription of such tumor-suppressor genes as CDKN2A, BRCA1, and CDH1 through DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation. In addition to the upstream transcription factors regulating gene transcription, post-translational modifications (PTMs) also contribute to abnormal overexpression of UHRF1 in cancerous tissues. The types of PTM include phosphorylation, acetylation, methylationand ubiquitination, which regulate protein stability, histone methyltransferase activity, intracellular localization and the interaction with binding partners. Recently, several novel PTM types of UHRF1 have been reported, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. This comprehensive review summarized the types of UHRF1 PTMs, as well as their biological functions. A deep understanding of these crucial mechanisms of UHRF1 is pivotal for the development of novel UHRF1-targeted anti-cancer therapeutic strategies in the future.
Exploiting non-permissive CHO cells as a rapid and efficient method for recombinant HSV-1 isolation
Authors: Kelishadi Mishar , Shahsavarani Hosein , Tabarraei Alijan , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali , Rahimi Amirabbas , Teimoori-Toolabi Ladan , Azadmanesh Kayhan
Published: May 2024

Using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a therapeutic tool has recently emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing the treatment of various cancers, particularly those associated with the nervous system, which is the virus's natural site of infection. These viruses are specifically engineered to infect and eradicate tumor cells while leaving healthy cells unharmed. To introduce targeted mutations in specific viral genes, gene-modification techniques such as shuttle vector homologous recombination are commonly employed. Plaque purification is then utilized to select and purify the recombinant virus from the parental viruses. However, plaque purification becomes problematic when the insertion of the desired gene at the target site hampers progeny virus replication, resulting in a lower titer of cell-released virus than the parental virus. This necessitates a laborious initial screening process using approximately 10–15 tissue culture dishes (10 cm), making plaque purification time-consuming and demanding. Although the recently developed CRISPR-Cas9 system significantly enhances the efficiency of homologous integration and editing precision in viral genes, the purification of recombinant variants remains a tedious task. In this study, we propose a rapid and innovative method that employs non-permissive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, representing a remarkable improvement over the aforementioned arduous process. With this approach, only 1–2 rounds of plaque purification are required. Our proposed protocol demonstrates great potential as a viable alternative to current methods for isolating and purifying recombinant HSV-1 variants expressing fluorescent reporter genes using CHO cells and plaque assays.
A systematic review to determine the effect of strategies to sustain chronic disease prevention interventions in clinical and community settings: study protocol
Authors: Riley-Gibson Edward , Hall Alix , Shoesmith Adam , Wolfenden Luke , Shelton Rachel C. , Doherty Emma , Pollock Emma , Booth Debbie , Salloum Ramzi G. , Laur Celia , Powell Byron J. , Kingsland Melanie , Lane Cassandra , Hailemariam Maji , Sutherland Rachel , Nathan Nicole
Published: May 2024

Background

The primary purpose of this review is to synthesise the effect of strategies aiming to sustain the implementation of evidenced-based interventions (EBIs) targeting key health behaviours associated with chronic disease (i.e. physical inactivity, poor diet, harmful alcohol use, and tobacco smoking) in clinical and community settings. The field of implementation science is bereft of an evidence base of effective sustainment strategies, and as such, this review will provide important evidence to advance the field of sustainability research.

Methods

This systematic review protocol is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist. Methods will follow Cochrane gold-standard review methodology. The search will be undertaken across multiple databases, adapting filters previously developed by the research team, data screening and extraction will be performed in duplicate, strategies will be coded using an adapted sustainability-explicit taxonomy, and evidence will be synthesised using appropriate methods (i.e. meta-analytic following Cochrane or non-meta-analytic following SWiM guidelines). We will include any randomised controlled study that targets any staff or volunteers delivering interventions in clinical or community settings. Studies which report on any objective or subjective measure of the sustainment of a health prevention policy, practice, or programme within any of the eligible settings will be included. Article screening, data extraction, risk of bias, and quality assessment will be performed independently by two review authors. Risk of bias will be assessed using Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2). A random-effect meta-analysis will be conducted to estimate the pooled effect of sustainment strategies separately by setting (i.e. clinical and community). Sub-group analyses will be undertaken to explore possible causes of statistical heterogeneity and may include the following: time period, single or multi-strategy, type of setting, and type of intervention. Differences between sub-groups will be statistically compared.

Discussion/conclusion

This will be the first systematic review to determine the effect of strategies designed to support sustainment on sustaining the implementation of EBIs in clinical and community settings. The findings of this review will directly inform the design of future sustainability-focused implementation trials. Further, these findings will inform the development of a sustainability practice guide for public health practitioners.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42022352333.
The potential association between metabolic disorders and pulmonary tuberculosis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Du Zhi-xiang , Ren Yun-yao , Wang Jia-luo , Li Shun-xin , Hu Yi-fan , Wang Li , Chen Miao-yang , Li Yang , Hu Chun-mei , Yang Yong-feng
Published: May 2024

Background

Metabolic disorders (MetDs) have been demonstrated to be closely linked to numerous diseases. However, the precise association between MetDs and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains poorly understood.

Method

Summary statistics for exposure and outcomes from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for exposures and outcomes were obtained from the BioBank Japan Project (BBJ) Gene–exposure dataset. The 14 clinical factors were categorized into three groups: metabolic laboratory markers, blood pressure, and the MetS diagnostic factors. The causal relationship between metabolic factors and PTB were analyzed using two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR). Additionally, the direct effects on the risk of PTB were investigated through multivariable MR. The primary method employed was the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) model. The sensitivity of this MR analysis was evaluated using MR-Egger regression and the MR-PRESSO global test.

Results

According to the two-sample MR, HDL-C, HbA1c, TP, and DM were positively correlated with the incidence of active TB. According to the multivariable MR, HDL-C (IVW: OR 2.798, 95% CI 1.484–5.274,P = 0.001), LDL (IVW: OR 4.027, 95% CI 1.140–14.219,P = 0.03) and TG (IVW: OR 2.548, 95% CI 1.269–5.115,P = 0.009) were positively correlated with the occurrence of PTB. TC (OR 0.131, 95% CI 0.028–0.607,P = 0.009) was negatively correlated with the occurrence of PTB. We selected BMI, DM, HDL-C, SBP, and TG as the diagnostic factors for metabolic syndrome. DM (IVW, OR 1.219, 95% CI 1.040–1.429P = 0.014) and HDL-C (IVW, OR 1.380, 95% CI 1.035–1.841,P = 0.028) were directly correlated with the occurrence of PTB.

Conclusions

This MR study demonstrated that metabolic disorders, mainly hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, are associated with the incidence of active pulmonary tuberculosis.
Cytomorphological spectrum of breast fine needle aspiration cytology using the International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System and evaluation of associated risk of malignancy–A retrospective study in a tertiary care cente
Authors: Yadav Ranjan , Singh Nikita , Bakna Minu , Bhadkariya Anand , Singh Arjun
Published: May 2024

Background

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the breast is a well-established technique that aids in the preoperative identification and differentiation between nonneoplastic and neoplastic breast lesions. Breast lesions can be efficiently categorized into different cytological groups using the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama System. The aim of this study was to classify breast lesions based on the proposed Yokohama system of reporting breast cytology and identify the need for a unified system of reporting breast lesions.

Materials and methods

This retrospective descriptive study was performed in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Datia, M.P. from January 2019 to June 2023. A total of 762 FNAC slides reported during this period were retrieved, re-examined and reclassified according to the IAC Yokohama System. Histopathological diagnoses were also retrieved and correlated with the cytological findings wherever available.

Results

In the present study, a total of 762 smears of breast fine needle aspirations were included and categorized using the IAC Yokohama System. There were 3.8% cases (29/762) in the C1 category (insufficient), 71.6% cases (545/762) in the C2 category (benign), 6.3% cases (48/762) in the C3 category (atypical), 3.1% cases (24/762) in the C4 category (suspicious for malignancy) and 15.2% (116/762) cases in the C5 category (malignant).

Conclusion

FNAC is a reliable diagnostic technique for the evaluation and management of breast lesions prior to surgery. Implementing the IAC Yokohama System for reporting breast cytopathology enhances the accuracy of diagnosing breast lesions, reduces missed diagnoses, and offers reliable estimates of risk of malignancy. Adopting the Yokohama system is a crucial first step in boosting the overall effectiveness of breast cytology reporting among clinicians and pathologists, which will ultimately lead to improved communication and patient care.
Systematic approach to contextualize findings of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in neurogenic dysphagia– towards an integrated FEES report
Authors: Dziewas Rainer , Warnecke Tobias , Labeit Bendix , Claus Inga , Muhle Paul , Oelenberg Stephan , Ahring Sigrid , Wüller Christina , Jung Anne , von Itter Jonas , Suntrup-Krueger Sonja
Published: May 2024

Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is one of the most important methods for instrumental swallowing evaluation. The most challenging part of the examination consists in the interpretation of the various observations encountered during endoscopy and in the deduction of clinical consequences. This review proposes the framework for an integrated FEES-report that systematically moves from salient findings of FEES to more advanced domains such as dysphagia severity, phenotypes of swallowing impairment and pathomechanisms. Validated scales and scores are used to enhance the diagnostic yield. In the concluding part of the report, FEES-findings are put into the perspective of the clinical context. The potential etiology of dysphagia and conceivable differential diagnoses are considered, further diagnostic steps are proposed, treatment options are evaluated, and a timeframe for re-assessment is suggested. This framework is designed to be adaptable and open to continuous evolution. Additional items, such as novel FEES protocols, pathophysiological observations, advancements in disease-related knowledge, and new treatment options, can be easily incorporated. Moreover, there is potential for customizing this approach to report on FEES in structural dysphagia.
A social media adoption strategy for cultural dissemination in municipalities with tourist potential: Lamas, Peru, as a case study
Authors: Vidaurre-Rojas Pierre , Vela-Reátegui Seidy Janice , Pinedo Lloy , Valles-Coral Miguel , Navarro-Cabrera Jorge Raul , Rengifo-Hidalgo Very , López-Sánchez Teresa del Pilar , Seijas-Díaz José , Cárdenas-García Ángel , Cueto-Orbe Rosa Elena
Published: May 2024

Social media is commonly used by governments to disseminate information related to transparency and institutional promotion, but its potential for the dissemination of cultural resources is often overlooked. This research proposes a strategy for adopting social media to achieve cultural dissemination in the municipality of Lamas, Peru, which has tourism potential and has been awarded the “Best Tourism Villages” seal of the World Tourism Organisation. Methodologically, we propose a case study at a propositional exploratory level. We start by determining the current state of dissemination of tangible and intangible resources, as well as the practical use of social media, through a survey of 20 officials. The results reveal that crafts are the most widely disseminated tangible resource in the municipality (according to 55% of officials), and intangible resources are occasionally disseminated (50%). We also find that Facebook is the only digital channel used to disseminate cultural information. In this context, we formulate a strategy for adopting social media to improve cultural dissemination, which consists of six phases: (i) forming a work team, (ii) preparing a budget plan, (iii) strengthening capacities, (iv) taking inventory of cultural resources, (v) coordinating community interests and (vi) preparing a cultural dissemination plan. The findings can contribute to formulating public initiatives for the institutionalisation of social media in governments for the purposes of preserving, promoting and guaranteeing the accessibility of cultural heritage.
Inversion strategies for Q estimation in viscoacoustic full-waveform inversion
Authors: Yong Peng , Brossier Romain , Métivier Ludovic
Published: May 2024

Estimation of an attenuation parameter, represented by the quality factor Q, holds paramount importance in seismic exploration. One of the main challenges in Q estimation through viscoacoustic full-waveform inversion (FWI) is effectively decoupling Q from velocity. In this study, our objective is to enhance Q inversion by addressing critical aspects, such as gradient preconditioning, workflow, and misfit design. By developing a new preconditioner that approximates the diagonal of the Hessian, we facilitate automatic parameter tuning across different classes, ensuring comparable magnitudes of preconditioned gradients for velocity and Q. Moreover, our investigations confirm the efficacy of the two-stage hierarchical strategy in mitigating velocity- Q trade-offs, enabling more accurate Q estimation by first focusing on velocity reconstruction before jointly estimating velocity and Q. The analysis and numerical examples also highlight the importance of broadband data and long-offset acquisition for a reliable Q estimation. In addition, leveraging amplitude information can improve Q estimation to some extent, but careful consideration of frequency band and noise effects is necessary. We explore two misfit functions that capture amplitude variation with frequency in the time-frequency domain, noting their sensitivity to noise. To address this, we develop a differential strategy that can effectively mitigate the effects of low-frequency noise. This comprehensive study on enhancing Q estimation in viscoacoustic FWI offers valuable insights for multiparameter inversion in realistic scenarios.
Identification of Rare and Novel PHEX Variants in X-linked Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Ma Xiaosen , Pang Qianqian , Gong Yiyi , Li Xiang , Liu Wei , Jiang Yan , Wang Ou , Li Mei , Xing Xiaoping , Xia Weibo
Published: May 2024

Context

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare metabolic bone disease caused by inactivation mutations in the PHEX gene. Despite the extensive number of reported PHEX variants, only a few cases of chromosomal abnormalities have been documented.

Objective

We aimed to identify the pathogenic variants in 6 unrelated families with a clinical diagnosis of XLH and to propose a genetic workflow for hypophosphatemia patients suspected of having XLH.

Methods

Multiple genetic testing assays were used to analyze the 6 families' genetic profiles, including whole exome sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, whole genome sequencing, reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, and karyotyping.

Results

The study identified 6 novel pathogenic variants, including 1 mosaic variant (exon 16-22 deletion), 3 chromosomal abnormalities (46, XN, inv[X][pter→p22.11::q21.31→p22.11::q21.31 →qter], 46, XN, inv[X][p22.11p22.11], and XXY), a nonclassical intron variant (NM_000444.6, c.1701_31A > G), and a deletion variant (NM_000444.6, c.64_5464-186 del5215) of PHEX. Additionally, a genetic testing workflow was proposed to aid in diagnosing patients suspected of XLH.

Conclusion

Our research expands the mutation spectrum of PHEX and highlights the significance of using multiple genetic testing methods to diagnose XLH.
Patient Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes in a Novel Cohort of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Sant Vivek R , ElNakieb Yaser , Lehmann Christoph U , Rousseau Justin F , Maalouf Naim M
Published: May 2024

Context

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) increases the risk of bone loss, debilitating fractures, kidney stones, impaired renal function, and neurocognitive symptoms. Studies describing the natural history of PHPT have been limited to small samples, single institutions, or specific populations.

Objective

We assessed the natural history of PHPT through a large, diverse national cohort from an electronic health record dataset representing more than 100 million patients.

Methods

The TriNetX database was queried for adult patients with PHPT. We extracted demographics, comorbidities, and longitudinal biochemistries. Primary outcomes included major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Outcomes were stratified by treatment strategy (surgical parathyroidectomy [PTX] vs nonsurgical) and age.

Results

Among 50 958 patients with PHPT, 26.5% were treated surgically at a median of 0.3 years postdiagnosis. At diagnosis, median age was 65 years, 74.0% were female, and median calcium level was 10.9 mg/dL. Black and older patients underwent PTX less frequently than White and younger patients. MOF 10-year incidence was 5.20% (PTX) and 7.91% (nonsurgical), with median 1.7-year delay with PTX compared to nonsurgical. PTX-associated MOF absolute risk reduction was 0.83% (age < 65 years) and 3.33% (age ≥ 65 years). CKD 10-year incidence was 21.2% (PTX) and 33.6% (nonsurgical), with median 1.9-year delay with PTX. PTX-associated CKD absolute risk reduction was 12.2% (age < 65 years) and 9.5% (age ≥ 65 years).

Conclusion

We report 1 of the largest, representative, population-based natural histories of PHPT with different management strategies. A minority of patients underwent PTX, especially in older age. Patients managed surgically had lower incidence of fracture and CKD, and older patients experienced differential benefit.
Functional exploration of copy number alterations in a Drosophila model of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Diaz Jennifer E. L. , Barcessat Vanessa , Bahamon Christian , Hecht Chana , Das Tirtha K. , Cagan Ross L.
Published: May 2024

Accounting for 10-20% of breast cancer cases, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a disproportionate number of breast cancer deaths. One challenge in studying TNBC is its genomic profile: with the exception of TP53 loss, most breast cancer tumors are characterized by a high number of copy number alterations (CNAs), making modeling the disease in whole animals challenging. We computationally analyzed 186 CNA regions previously identified in breast cancer tumors to rank genes within each region by likelihood of acting as a tumor driver. We then used a Drosophila p53-Myc TNBC model to identify 48 genes as functional drivers. To demonstrate the utility of this functional database, we established six 3-hit models; altering candidate genes led to increased aspects of transformation as well as resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug fluorouracil. Our work provides a functional database of CNA-associated TNBC drivers, and a template for an integrated computational/whole-animal approach to identify functional drivers of transformation and drug resistance within CNAs in other tumor types.
An ALS-associated mutation dysregulates microglia-derived extracellular microRNAs in a sex-specific manner
Authors: Christoforidou Eleni , Moody Libby , Joilin Greig , Simoes Fabio A. , Gordon David , Talbot Kevin , Hafezparast Majid
Published: May 2024

Evidence suggests the presence of microglial activation and microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common form of adult motor neuron disease. However, few studies have investigated whether the miRNA dysregulation originates from microglia. Furthermore, TDP-43 (encoded by TARDBP), involved in miRNA biogenesis, aggregates in tissues of ∼98% of ALS cases. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether expression of the ALS-linked TDP-43M337V mutation in a transgenic mouse model dysregulates microglia-derived miRNAs. RNA sequencing identified several dysregulated miRNAs released by transgenic microglia and a differential miRNA release by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia, which was more pronounced in cells from female mice. We validated the downregulation of three candidate miRNAs, namely, miR-16-5p, miR-99a-5p and miR-191-5p, by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and identified their predicted targets, which primarily include genes involved in neuronal development and function. These results suggest that altered TDP-43 function leads to changes in the miRNA population released by microglia, which may in turn be a source of the miRNA dysregulation observed in the disease. This has important implications for the role of neuroinflammation in ALS pathology and could provide potential therapeutic targets.
Ο ρόλος του κοινωνικού κεφαλαίου στην ανάπτυξη των ορεινών αγροτικών περιοχών του ελλαδικού χώρου
Authors: Καραμέτου Παναγιώτα
Published: May 2024

Η εν λόγω διατριβή διερευνά το ρόλο του κοινωνικού κεφαλαίου ως σημαντικού προσδιοριστικού παράγοντα τοπικής ανάπτυξης των ορεινών περιοχών του ελλαδικού χώρου. Προκειμένου να επιτευχθεί ο παραπάνω στόχος επιχειρείται η ταυτοποίηση των βασικών διαστάσεων του κοινωνικού κεφαλαίου και η εκτίμηση της ποιότητας της ανάπτυξης σε δύο αγροτικές ορεινές περιοχές του χώρας: το Πήλιο και το Ζαγόρι. Αναλύοντας και κατανοώντας τα ποιοτικά και ποσοτικά χαρακτηριστικά βασικών διαστάσεων του κοινωνικού κεφαλαίου, οι οποίες αποτελούν ταυτόχρονα σημαντικούς παράγοντες τοπικής ανάπτυξης, προκύπτει η δυνατότητα ερμηνείας του τρέχοντος επίπεδου τοπικής ανάπτυξης, καθώς και πρόβλεψης της μελλοντικής αναπτυξιακής τροχιάς των δύο περιοχών. Τα δεδομένα της μελέτης συλλέχθηκαν από πρωτογενή έρευνα πεδίου σε δείγμα 318 ατόμων που επελέγησαν με τυχαία στρωματοποιημένη δειγματοληψία από την υποψήφια διδάκτορα με χρήση αναλυτικού ερωτηματολογίου. Για τη στατιστική επεξεργασία των ποσοτικών πρωτογενών δεδομένων χρησιμοποιήθηκαν οι μέθοδοι της Διερευνητικής Παραγοντικής Ανάλυσης (για την ταυτοποίηση των βασικών διαστάσεων του κοινωνικού κεφαλαίου) και της Επικυρωτικής ή Επιβεβαιωτικής Παραγοντικής Ανάλυσης, προκειμένου να ελεγχθεί η καλή προσαρμογή της δομής των παραγόντων που προέκυψαν από τη διερευνητική παραγοντική ανάλυση και στη συνέχεια να διερευνηθεί η αιτιώδης σχέση μεταξύ των διαφόρων διαστάσεων του κοινωνικού κεφαλαίου και της ποιότητας της ανάπτυξης.Τα αποτελέσματα οδηγούν στο συμπέρασμα ότι τα άτυπα/οικογενειακά δίκτυα αποτελούν την κυρίαρχη μορφή κοινωνικού κεφαλαίου στις δύο υπό μελέτη περιοχές. Η προσήλωση στην οικογένεια αποτελεί μία εναλλακτική επιλογή έναντι της συλλογικής ζωής, η οποία αποδεικνύεται ιδιαίτερα αδύναμη. Όσον αφορά τη συσχέτιση μεταξύ των επτά επιμέρους διαστάσεων του κοινωνικού κεφαλαίου και των δύο βασικών διαστάσεων εκτίμησης της ποιότητας της ανάπτυξης, στις δύο υπό μελέτη περιοχές, προέκυψε η ύπαρξη αρνητικής γραμμικής συσχέτισης μεταξύ της διάστασης «άτυπες/οικογενειακές σχέσεις» και των δύο βασικών παραγόντων εκτίμησης της ποιότητας της ανάπτυξης («απουσία υπηρεσιών υγείας και μέσων μαζικής μεταφοράς» αφενός και «προσδόκιμο επιβίωσης και ποιότητα φυσικού περιβάλλοντος» αφετέρου).Τα εμπειρικά ευρήματα είναι σημαντικά, καθώς επιτρέπουν τον εντοπισμό εκείνων των διαστάσεων του κοινωνικού κεφαλαίου, στις οποίες θα πρέπει να επικεντρωθεί το ενδιαφέρον των υπευθύνων διαμόρφωσης και άσκησης αναπτυξιακών πολιτικών σε τοπικό επίπεδο, προκειμένου να προχωρήσουν στην εφαρμογή συγκεκριμένων μέτρων ενίσχυσης του κοινωνικού κεφαλαίου και προώθησης της τοπικής ανάπτυξης.