bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the historical distribution of Dracaena cinnabari using ethnobotanical knowledge on Socotra Island, Yemen
Authors: Al-Okaishi Abdulraqeb Shamsan
Published: January 2021

BackgroundIn this study, we present and analyze toponyms referring to Socotra Island’s endemic dragon’s blood tree (Dracaena cinnabari) in four areas of the Socotra Archipelago UNESCO World Heritage site (Republic of Yemen). The motivation is understanding of the past distribution of D. cinnabari trees which is an important part of conservation efforts by using ethnobotanical data. We assumed that dragon’s blood trees had a wider distribution on Socotra Island in the past. MethodsThis research was based on field surveys and interviews with the indigenous people. The place names (toponyms) were recorded in both, Arabic and indigenous Socotri language. We grouped all toponyms into five different categories according to the main descriptor: Terrain, Human, Plant, Water and NA (unknown). In addition, this study identified current and historical Arabic names of dragon’s blood trees of the genus Dracaena, through literature review. ResultsA total of 301 toponyms were recorded from the four study areas in Socotra Island. Among names related to plants, we could attribute toponyms to nine different plant species, of which six names referred to the D. cinnabari tree, representing 14.63% of total phytotoponyms in the category. Three historical naming periods prior to 2000 could be identified. The most commonly used Arabic name for dragon’s blood trees (D. cinnabari, D. serrulata. D. ombet) appears to be “ahrieb” "إعريهب", its resin “dum al-akhawin” “دم الأخوين”, while derived (mixed-cooked) products are called “edah” “إيدع”; while regionally different names can be found.ConclusionThe place names that refer to D. cinnabari are herein suggested to represent remnant areas of once large populations. The toponyms may therefore support known hypotheses based on climate models that D. cinnabari had a wider distribution on Socotra Island in the past. This study also confirmed the historical importance of dragon’s blood
OTULIN is a New Target for EA Treatment in Alleviating Brain Injury and The Activation of Glial Cells By Depressing NF-κB Signalling Pathway in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Rats
Authors: Xu Hongbei , Wang You , Luo Yong
Published: January 2021

Objective: Ovarian tumour domain deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity (OTULIN), a potent negative regulator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway, exerted strong neuroprotective role following acute ischemic stroke. Electroacupuncture (EA) is an effective adjuvant treatment for reducing brain injury and neuroinflammtion through inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, while the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated whether OTULIN was necessary for EA to mitigate brain injury and the activation of glial cells, following by a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model in rats.Methods: Acute ischaemic stroke model was established by performing tMCAO surgery in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. EA was performed once daily at “Baihui (GV 20)”, “Hegu (LI 4)”, and “Taichong (LR 3)” acupoints. EA’s effect on the spatiotemporal expression of OTULIN in the ischaemic penumbra of cerebral cortex was detected within 7 d after reperfusion. Following gene interference to silence OTULIN expression, the effects of OTULIN on EA neurological deficits, cerebral infarct volume, neuronal damage, the activation of microglia and astrocytes, the contents of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the expression of p-IκBa, IκBa and nucleus/cytoplasm NF-κB p65 protein were assessed. Results: EA treatment increased endogenous OTULIN expression, with a peak at 48 h. Enhanced OTULIN was mainly located in neurons, and little OTULIN was detected in microglia as well. OTULIN silencing obviously reversed EA neuroprotection as demonstrated by worsened neurobehavioural performance, cerebral infarct volume and neuronal injury. Besides, the inhibitory effect of EA on NF-κB pathway was also attenuated by enhanced IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Furthermore, EA partly inhibited the transformation of microglia and astrocytes to from resting states to activated states, and reduced the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, but this preventive effects were reversed after silencing OTULIN expression. Conclusions: OTULIN provides a new potential therapeutic target for EA to alleviate acute ischaemic stroke induced brain injury and the activation of glial cells, which is related to depression of NF-κB signalling pathway.
Evaluation of Spontaneous Swallow Frequency in Healthy People and Those With, or at Risk of Developing, Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Bulmer Joseph M , Ewers Caroline , Drinnan Michael J , Ewan Victoria C
Published: January 2021

BackgroundDysphagia is a common, and frequently undetected, complication of many neurological disorders and of sarcopoenia in ageing persons. However it is difficult to detect dysphagia clinically until the point of visible aspiration, and there are relatively few trained speech and language therapists, whose time and remit are limited to those with obvious disorders. Reduction in spontaneous swallowing frequency (SSF) has been mooted as a possible proxy for dysphagia. We therefore conducted a systematic review of the literature to describe SSF in both the healthy population, and in disease specific populations, in order to assess its utility as a screening tool to identify dysphagia.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Metadata were extracted, collated, and analysed via a random effects model to give quantitative insight.ResultsThree hundred and twelve articles were retrieved, with 19 meeting inclusion and quality criteria. Heterogeneity between studies was high (I2 = 98%), in part, due to the variety of methods for swallow identification reported. The mean SSF in Healthy younger groups was 0.98/min [CI: 0.78; 1.23]. In the Parkinson’s groups mean SSF was 0.59/min [0.41; 0.85]. Mean SSF in Healthy older, Higher risk and Dysphagic populations were similar (0.21/min [0.12; 0.37], 0.26/min [0.14; 0.85]), (0.27/min [0.17; 0.43] respectively).ConclusionsSSF is a novel, non-invasive clinical variable which warrants further explorations as to its potential to identify persons at risk of dysphagia. Larger, well-conducted studies are needed to develop objective, standardised methods for detecting SSF, and develop normative values in healthy populations.
Design of Telescopic Nadir Imager for Geomorphology (TENGOO) and Observation of Surface Reflectance by Optical Chromatic Imager (OROCHI) for the Martian Moons Exploration (MMX)
Authors: Kameda Shingo , Ozaki Masanobu , Enya Keigo , Fuse Ryota , Kouyama Toru , Sakatani Naoya , Suzuki Hidehiko , Osada Naoya , Kato Hiroki , Miyamoto Hideaki , Yamazaki Atsushi , Nakamura Tomoki , Okamoto Takaya , Ishimaru Takahiro , Hong Peng , Ishibashi Ko , Takashima Takeshi , Ishigami Ryoya , Kuo Cheng Ling , Abe Shinsuke , Goda Yuya , Murao Hajime , Fujishima Saori , Aoyama Tsubasa , Hagiwara Keiji , Mizumoto Satoko , Tanaka Noriko , Murakami Kousuke , Matsumoto Miho , Tanaka Kenji , Sakuta Hironobu
Published: January 2021

The JAXA’s Martian Moons Exploration (MMX) mission is planned to reveal the origin of Phobos and Deimos. Both moons will be observed by remote sensing. Sample return from Phobos will be performed. The nominal instruments were selected, including the telescopic nadir imager for geomorphology (TENGOO) and optical radiometer composed of chromatic imagers (OROCHI). The scientific objective of TENGOO is to obtain the geomorphological features of Phobos and Deimos. The spatial resolution of TENGOO is 0.3 m at an altitude of 25 km in the quasi-satellite orbit. The scientific objective of OROCHI is to obtain material distribution using spectral mapping. OROCHI is composed of seven wide-angle bandpass imagers without a filter wheel and one monochromatic imager dedicated to the observation during the landing phase. Using these two instruments, we plan to select landing sites and obtain information that supports the analysis of return samples.
Objective and subjective outcomes following external dacryocystorhinostomy and inferior tear duct stenting in patients with acquired lacrimal drainage system obstruction
Authors: Prinz Julia , Plange Niklas , Kuerten David , Schellhase Hannah , Koutsonas Antonis , Walter Peter , Fuest Matthias
Published: January 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Bacterial Vaginosis and Risk Factors in Pregnant Women in Senegal
Authors: Bonneton Marion , Huynh Bich-Tram , Seck Abdoulaye , Bercion Raymond , Sarr Fatoumata Diene , Delarocque-Astagneau Elisabeth , Vray Muriel
Published: January 2021

Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with a higher risk of preterm delivery and spontaneous abortion. Yet little data on BV prevalence exist for sub-Saharan countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Senegal.MethodsFrom October 2013 to December 2018, pregnant women in their third trimester were recruited in two primary health centers (one suburban, one rural) in Senegal. Healthcare workers interviewed women and collected a lower vaginal swab and a blood sample. Vaginal flora were classified into four categories using vaginal smear microscopic examination and Gram’s coloration. In our study, BV was defined as vaginal flora with no Lactobacillus spp. Variables associated with BV were analyzed using STATA® through univariate and multivariate analysis.Results A total of 457 women provided a vaginal sample for analysis. Overall, BV prevalence was 18.6% (85/457) [95% CI: 15.4-22.6]) and was similar in suburban and rural areas (18.9 % versus 18.1%, p=0.843). Multivariate analysis showed that primigravidity was the only factor independently associated with a lower risk of BV (aOR=0.35 [95% CI 0.17-0.72]).Conclusions Our study showed significant BV prevalence among pregnant women in Senegal. Although the literature has underscored the potential consequences of BV for obstetric outcomes, data are scarce on BV prevalence in sub-Saharan African countries. Before authorities consider systematic BV screening for pregnant women, a larger study would be useful in documenting prevalence, risk factors and the impact of BV on pregnancy outcomes.
No Evidence of False-negative P. Falciparum Rapid Diagnostic Results in Monrovia, Liberia
Authors: King Mandella , George Alexander E. , Cisteró Pau , Tarr-Attia Christine K. , Arregui Beatriz , Omeonga Senga , Chen Haily , García-Sípido Ana Meyer , Sarukhan Adelaida , Bassat Quique , Lansana Dawoh Peter , Mayor Alfredo
Published: January 2021

Background: Malaria diagnosis relies mainly on the use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). The majority of commercial RDTs used in Africa detect the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2). pfhrp2/3 gene deletions can therefore lead to false-negative RDT results. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of PCR-confirmed, false-negative P. falciparum RDT results in Monrovia, Liberia.Methods: We used PfHRP2-based RDT (Paracheck Pf®) and microscopy results from 1038 individuals with fever or history of fever (n=951) and pregnant women at first antenatal care (ANC) visit (n=87) enrolled in the Saint Joseph Catholic Hospital (Monrovia) from March to July 2019 to assess the frequency of false-negative RDT results. True false negatives were confirmed by detecting the presence of P. falciparum DNA by quantitative PCR in samples from individuals with discrepant RDT and microscopy resultsResults: One hundred and eighty-six (19.6%) and 200 (21.0%) of the 951 febrile participants had a P. falciparum positive result by RDT and microscopy, respectively. Positivity rate increased with age and the reporting of joint pain, chills and shivers, vomiting and weakness, and increased with the presence of coughs and nausea. The positivity rate at first ANC visit was 5.7% (n=5) and 8% (n=7) by RDT and microscopy, respectively. Out of 207 Plasmodium infections detected by microscopy, 22 (11%) were negative by RDT. qPCR confirmed absence of P. falciparum DNA in the sixteen RDT-negative but microscopy-positive samples which were available for molecular testing. Conclusion: There is no qPCR-confirmed evidence of false-negative RDT results due to pfhrp2/pfhrp3 deletions in this study conducted in Monrovia (Liberia). This indicates the appropriate performance of PfHRP2-based RDTs for the diagnosis of malaria in Liberia. Nevertheless, active surveillance for the emergence of PfHRP2 deletions is required.
Environmental Implications of Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield in Lake Hawassa Watershed, South-central Ethiopia
Authors: Degife Arega , Worku Hailu , Gizaw Shumete
Published: January 2021

Background: Assessing soil erosion, sediment yield and sediment retention capacity of watersheds is one of the under researched areas in watersheds of developing countries like Lake Hawassa watershed. The study examined soil erosion, sediment yield and sediment retention and their environmental implications in Lake Hawassa watershed. The quantification and mapping was carried out using Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model. Data such as Land Use Land Cover (LULC), Digital Elevation Model (DEM), rainfall, soil, and management practice were used as input parameters.Results: The empirical analysis confirmed that the watershed has a total soil loss of about 5.27 Mt annually. The mean annual erosion rate from the watershed was estimated to be 37 t ha-1 yr-1. The estimated erosion rate was greater than the maximum tolerable erosion limit in Ethiopia (2-18 t ha-1 yr-1). The total amount of sediment which was exported to the nearby streams and lakes in the watershed was estimated to be 1.6 t ha-1 yr-1. The water bodies receive a total of 226,690.3 t of sediment annually. Although higher soil loss and sediment export per unit of area were estimated from the highest slope gradients, greater contributions to the total soil loss and sediment export were computed from slopes with 5-30% gradients. In terms of LULC, the highest contribution to the total soil loss was computed from cultivated land while the highest rate of soil loss per hectare was observed from bare land. Due to the existing vegetative cover, a total of 18.65 Mt (130.7 t ha-1 yr-1) of sediment was retained. Vegetation-covered LULCs such as forest, woodland, shrub land, and agroforestry revealed the highest sediment retention capacity. As a result of the increasing soil erosion and sediment yield in the watershed, a drying of a small lake and the rise in the water level of Lake Hawassa were identified. Conclusion: Most of the soil loss and sediment yield were contributed by small part of the watershed. Thus, the results underscore the urgent need for targeted soil and water conservation measures of various types to ensure sustainability of the watershed resources.
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of TM4SF5 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yu Zhongbei , Feng Jun , Zhu Yulan , Xie Xiaolu , Huang Hao , Li Yuan , Lu Qicheng , Jiang Jingting , Wang Haitao
Published: January 2021

Background

Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) has been found to play a vital role in the cancer process, but the relationship between TM4SF5 and colorectal cancer remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the clinical and prognostic value of TM4SF5 in colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods

Immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR were used to identify the clinical significance and prognostic value of TM4SF5 expression in colon cancer. The expression of TM4SF5 was knocked down using the siRNA method to evaluate the role of TM4SF5 in regulating the biological behavior of colon cancer cell lines.
Results

The immunohistochemistry study revealed that the expression of TM4SF5 in human colorectal cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.0001). However, there was no correlation between the expression of TM4SF5 and the clinicopathological features of these patients. The RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of TM4SF5 was higherin colon cancer cell lines than in normal cells (P < 0.05). The survival analysis revealed that the overall survival (OS) rate of patients with a low expression of TM4SF5 was significantly higher, when compared to patients with a high expression of TM4SF5 (P = 0.048). The COX model revealed that the expression of TM4SF5 (P < 0.001) and clinical stage (P = 0.025) can be used as independent prognostic factors for patients with colon cancer. In addition, the knockdown of TM4SF5 in colon cancer cell lines LoVo, SW480, RKO and HCT-116 significantly reduced the ability of cells (such as proliferation, migration and invasion).
Conclusion

The present results indicate that the increase in TM4SF5 expression in human colon cancer is associated with cancer progression and poor survival, and that its intervention can be an important therapeutic strategy against colon cancer.
Endometrial Preparation for Frozen–Thawed Embryo Transfer With or Without Pretreatment With Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist in Regular Menstrual Cycles: Results of a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wei Fu , Liu Liling , Dong Mei , Tan Ying , Zhang Xiqian , Song Ge , Tan Weihong
Published: January 2021

ObjectsTo compare the treatment outcomes of FET in hormonal replacement treatment (HRT) protocol with and without long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) pretreatment in patients with regular menstrual cycles. MethodsA total of 5049 patients from three centers were recruited in this retrospective study. The study population was divided into two groups. In HRT with GnRHa group, endometrial preparation with supplement estrogen 6mg daily initiated following down-regulation of long-acting GnRH agonist. In HRT group, the same dose of estrogen administration only for two weeks. Live birth rates were the primary outcomes measured in both groups. ResultsThere were no differences in implantation rate, β-HCG positive rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and early miscarriage rate between the two groups. The ongoing pregnancy rate and the live birth rate were higher in HRT group compared to the agonist group (47.3% vs 42.7% and 44.7% vs 39.8%, respectively). However, the co-treatment with GnRH agonist in HRT protocol was not associated with clinical pregnancy rate (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.12) and live birth rate (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.71 to 1.02) after logistic regression analysis. In the first FET cycle, patients in HRT group achieved higher clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate. In addition, there was no differences in clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate between the two groups in standard patients.ConclusionsThe HRT protocol for FET seems to be as effective as the HRT protocol involving preliminary pituitary suppression with GnRH agonist in regular menstrual cycles.
Impact of Exposure to Mass Media on Utilization Modern Contraceptive Among Adolescent Married Women in Ethiopia: Evidence from EDHS 2016.
Authors: Yesuf Kedir Abdu , Liyew Atrsaw Dessie , Bezabih Amare Kassie
Published: January 2021

IntroductionMore than one billion of world population was adolescent age group. Adolescent are high risk of unwanted pregnancy related to pregnancy is preventable. This complication can be preventing by use of family planning method. One of the challenges to use family planning was lack of information about contraceptive.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the impact of mass media on use of modern contraceptive among adolescent in Ethiopia, 2016 E.C.MethodsThis study conducted based on Ethiopia demographic and health survey 2016 data which was cross-sectional study design. EDHS adolescent married women sample size used was 588. The data were analyzed using propensity score matching and recursive biprobit probit model to determine impact and factor associated with mass media exposure on modern contraceptive utilization.ResultThe magnitude of modern contraceptive utilization among adolescent married women age group 15-19 years was 31.8 %. Expose to family planning message has 16.8%, 13.2%, 17% and 21.9% more likely to use modern contraceptive than unexposed to mass media message. In this study significant factor affect modern contraceptive use include exposure to mass media message family planning, residence, wealth index, exposed to TV message, radio message and magazine message.ConclusionsThis study shows magnitude of contraceptive utilization was low and it might be due to lack of information about family planning. Therefore policy maker and concerned body should consider mass media to integrate family planning program.
'PrEP'ing for a PrEP Demonstration Project: Understanding PrEP Knowledge and Attitudes Among Cisgender Women
Authors: Pasipanodya Elizabeth C. , Stockman Jamila , Phuntsog Thupten , Morris Sheldon , Psaros Christina , Landovitz Raphael , Amico Rivet , Moore David J. , Blumenthal Jill
Published: January 2021

Background: Prior to implementing a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) demonstration study, we sought to explore cisgender women’s experiences with HIV prevention, PrEP knowledge and attitudes, and anticipated barriers and facilitators for PrEP uptake and adherence in Southern California.Methods: Three focus groups were held with cisgender women of mixed HIV serostatus in San Diego (n=12) and Los Angeles (n=10) between November 2015 and January 2016. Women were recruited through local testing sites, community-based organizations, and social media. Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Despite limited prior PrEP knowledge and no PrEP experience, participants expressed interest in taking PrEP. Anticipated benefits were freedom from worry about HIV and control over sexual health; however, these were tempered by concerns including the possibility of increased HIV risk behaviors and potential side effects. Cisgender women reported potential barriers to PrEP uptake and adherence barriers, like competing priorities and poor PrEP access. Conversely, PrEP facilitators included utilizing practical tools such as phone apps and pill boxes as well as receiving encouragement from loved ones and support from other cisgender women on PrEP, women living with HIV, and their medical providers. Conclusions: Despite limited PrEP knowledge and acknowledgement of concerns and potential barriers to taking PrEP, participants recognized the importance of PrEP and ways to facilitate adherence. Exploring perspectives of cisgender women is integral to developing effective interventions to support PrEP uptake and adherence for women at elevated risk for HIV.Trial Registration: Not applicable
Assessing Community Distribution Characteristics and Succession Stages on Mountainous Areas Hosting Coming Winter Olympics Games
Authors: Zhang Hengshuo , Zha Tonggang , Ji Xiaodong , Yu Yang , Rodrigo-Comino Jesús
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe Yin Mountains located in China within the Chongli Country will be the core area of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. It is necessary to survey the key factors limiting the vegetation communities’ development so as to guide the vegetation restoration after major events in this region.MethodsTwo-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and market basket analysis (MBA) were used to classify the vegetation communities. Plant community and relationships among environmental variables were assessed through the detrended correspondence (DCA) and canonical correspondence (CCA) analyses.ResultsSoil moisture and organic matter were found the main factors limiting the development of shrub and herb communities. The distribution of different forest communities was mainly affected by geomorphological factors. In middle and high altitude areas, apart of arbor and shrub communities generally showed the process of transformation from the pioneer community to transitional community in the competition.ConclusionWe concluded that providing the basis to understand the environmental factors that restrict the development of vegetation communities in the eastern Yin Mountains and its potential changes after human impacts, in this case, the Winter Olympic Games, could help to more efficient restoration plans.
Impact of Educational Self-Efficacy Enhancement Program on Quality of Life, Pain Management, Self-Efficiency Behaviors and Its Impact of Satisfaction Among Adults Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy Pain: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Abu-Shennar Jawad Ahmad , Bayraktar Nurhan
Published: January 2021

Background: Peripheral neuropathy pain is common among adult diabetic patients worldwide. Lifestyle behavior modification such as proper diet and exercise, quitting smoking, weight control and regular follow up, as well as enhancement of self-efficacy among adult diabetic patients can be helpful in managing peripheral neuropathy pain and, therefore, improving their quality of life and satisfaction.Aims: This study aims to investigate educational self-efficacy enhancement program's impact on pain management, self-efficiency behaviors, quality of life and satisfaction among adult diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy pain.Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted between October and March 2020 at the Jordanian Ministry of Health settings, where 72 adult diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy pain were randomly assigned into research group (n = 36) or control group (n = 36), after obtaining ethical approval and informed consents. An educational self-efficacy enhancement program was implemented in the research group only. The instrument used for data collection consisted of Demographic Data Form, Diabetes Pain Intensity Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale, Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D) and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire.Results: Statistically significant improvements in pain levels (p = 0.020), self-efficacy score (p = 0.000), quality of life scores (p = 0.000) and best imagined health status (p = 0 .000) were found among research group participants. Furthermore, multiple-linear regression models showed that the implementation of educational self-efficacy enhancement program significantly increased the explained variance of self-efficacy scores (R2 = 0.746, p = 0.000) and quality of life scores (R2 = 0.746, p = 0.000). At the end of implementation, research group participants showed a high overall satisfaction levels (4.33 out of 5). Conclusion: The findings suggest that an educational self-efficacy enhancement program is effective in modifying adult diabetic patients’ lifestyle, enhancing self-efficacy behaviors, managing peripheral neuropathy pain, improving quality of life and satisfaction among adult diabetic patients. It is, therefore, recommended to expand the implementation of this program among adult diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy pain.
Estimating Responders to Chiropractic Treatment on The Impact Stratification Score Using Five Indices of Significant Individual Change
Authors: Hays Ron D. , Slaughter Mary E. , Herman Patricia M.
Published: January 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
The Preoperative Lymphocyte to Monocyte Ratio Predicts Clinical Outcome In Resected Patients With T2-4N0-3M0 Siewert Type II/III Adenocarcinoma Of The Esophagogastric Junction
Authors: Ke Chen , Zhang Jiawei , Chen Bo , Xiong Maoming , Xu Aman
Published: January 2021

Background Inflammation has a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer. The lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) could be a new biomarker in various tumors. Aims We analyzed the LMR with clinicopathological parameters and outcome in resected patients with T2-4N0-3M0 Siewert type II/III of advanced adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) . Methods A total of five hundred and seventy-one patients with Siewert type II/III of AEG between Jan 2006 and Jun 2012 were included in this retrospective study. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to calculate the cancer-specific survival (CSS). Univariate and multivariate Cox-regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic factors. Results We set 3.64 as the cut-off level based on the receiver operating characteristic curve. The preoperative absolute lymphocyte count tended to decrease in ‘LMR≤3.64’ group, and the preoperative absolute monocyte count tended to decrease in ‘LMR＞3.64’ group. The decreased preoperative LMR was significantly associated with decreased CSS in univariate (HR:2.311, 95%CI:1.639-3.254, P=0.008) and multivariate analysis (HR:1.642, 95%CI:1.242-2.171, P=0.027 ). According to the treatment regimen(surgery alone versus surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy), no significant difference in the 5-year CSS was identified in ‘high-risk’ group (LMR≤3.64) (HR: 1.121, 95%CI: 0.733-1.725, P=0.605). Conclusions The LMR might be an independent prognostic marker for CSS in resected patients with T2-4N0-3M0 Siewert type II/III of advanced AEG. When the ‘high-risk’ patients with LMR≤3.64 were analyzed, no benefit of adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy could be found.
Degree of Coronal Alignment Correction Can’t Predict Knee Function in Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Zhu Shibai , Zhang Xiaotian , Chen Xi , Wang Yiou , Li Shanni , Peng Huiming , Wang Wei , Lin Jin , Jin Jin , Weng Xisheng , Qian Wenwei
Published: January 2021

Background: Whether neutral alignment brings better clinical outcomes is controversial. Consideration of the preoperative knee condition of patients and some limitations of previous studies, we suggested that other index may be more important than a generic target of 0° ± 3° of a neutral axis to reflect changes in coronal alignment after total knee replacement (TKR). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between alignment and functional outcome with a new grouping method and the concept of correction rate. Methods: The study included 358 knees, the mean follow-up period was 3.62 years. A new grouping method was adopted to divide patients into three groups based on the degree of correction of mechanical femoral – tibial angle (MFTA): under-correction (n = 128), neutral (n = 209) and over-correction (n = 21). Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score were compared among the 3 groups. In addition, we also attempt to further explore whether the concept of correction rate can predict postoperative functional score. Results: HSS score showed significant improvement in all groups. There was no difference in HSS score (88.27 vs 88 vs 85.62)or incremental scores (26.23 vs 25.22 vs 22.88) based on the postoperative alignment category for the degree of correction of MFTA at the last follow-up. The correlational analyses also didn’t show any positive results.Conclusion: TKR is a soft tissue procedure and clinical outcome depends on many factors, only reaching neutral alignment after surgery may not mean a good clinical result. Therefore, categorization of optimal coronal alignment after TKR may be impractical. But we still believe that the concept of correction rate and new grouping method are worthy of research which can reflects the preoperative knee condition and the change of coronal alignment. Perhaps it can be better used in TKR in the future. Level of evidence: III.
Validated ecofriendly LC-MS/MS and TLC-Densitometric Methods for Determination of Amlodipine besilate and Celecoxib in Presence of Toxic Impurity in pure and formulated tablets
Authors: Mohamed Norhan , Zaki Marco , El-Saadi Mohammed , Amin Noha
Published: January 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
The Serum of MEF2D Expression in Patients with Myocardial Infarction, May be Clinical Indicators and it Mediated ROS Signaling by HDAC5
Authors: Feng Tao , Hu Yongyi , Deng Zhihua
Published: January 2021

Objectives: In this study, we explain that the function of MEF2D gene in myocardial infarction and its possible mechanism. Methods: Patients with MI and normal volunteers were collected. The left anterior descending arteries (LAD) of mice were ligated to induce myocardial infarction. H9c2 cells were stimulated with 5% oxygen (O2) and 5% carbon dioxide (CO2) and 90% N2 for 24 h. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Microarray experiments, Western blot, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Immunofluorescent staining were used at this experiment. Results: MEF2D mRNA and protein expressions in heart tissue of patients and mice with myocardial infarction were reduced. MEF2D protein prevented Myocardial infarction in mice of myocardial infarction. The inhibition of MEF2D aggravated Myocardial infarction in mice of myocardial infarction. MEF2D gene promoted ROS-induced oxidative stress in vitro model of myocardial infarction. MEF2D interlinkage HDAC5 to reduced oxidative stress in vivo model or vitro model. The regulation of HDAC5 adjusted the function of MEF2D in vitro model. Discussion: These data confirmed that the serum of MEF2D expression in patients with Myocardial infarction was reduced, may be clinical indicators and it inhibited ROS-induced oxidative stress signaling by HDAC5. Thus, our results suggest that targeting MEF2D may provide an approach for the treatment of myocardial infarction.
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency After Bone Marrow Transplantation for Thalassemia Major in a Patient With Primary Amenorrhea and 46, XY Karyotype: a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Li Hui , Li Jin , Li Xiaohong , Yi Hong , Ren Qixiu , Chen Xiaoyan
Published: January 2021

Background: Iatrogenic factor is one of the recognized causes for premature ovarian insufficiency. The aim of this case report was to present a rare case with premature ovarian insufficiency and 46, XY karyotype after bone marrow transplant for thalassaemia major at childhood. We also reviewed some relevant literature in this report.Case presentation: A 17-year-old girl was presented with primary amenorrhea and premature ovarian insufficiency after receiving chemotherapy and bone marrow therapy from her brother due to thalassaemia major at childhood. She had poor secondary sex characteristics, assessed as stage I for the development of breasts and external genitalia based on the Tanner scale. Transabdominal ultrasound showed small uterus with visible endometrial lining and small ovaries. Laboratory data showed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism profile with low level of estrogen and high level of follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH). Patient’s peripheral lymphocytes karyotype was 46, XY. Conclusions: A correct diagnosis is not only dependent on clinical manifestations, but also the detailed medical history. In light of the relatively high prevalence of thalassemia, fertility preservation should be considered for young girls before they receive chemotherapy, radiation treatment and bone marrow transplant.
Exploring Experiences of Implementing Standardized Cancer Patient Pathways Within Investigatory Units – a Qualitative Study
Authors: Winterling Jeanette , Delilovic Sara , Dervish Jessica , Gunnarsson Malin , Åhström Mårten , Hasson Henna
Published: January 2021

Background: In the implementation of standardized cancer patient pathways (CPPs), the investigatory units, endoscopy, radiology and pathology, are crucial to ensure an eventual cancer diagnosis. However, when evaluating the implementation of CPPs, little attention has been paid to the healthcare professionals working in these units. The aim of this study was to explore experiences of the implementation of CPPs among health professionals in investigatory units.Methods: This descriptive qualitative study included 55 health professionals working in investigatory units. Participants were interviewed in 2017–2018, and data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: The health professionals reported benefits, facilitators and challenges when describing their experiences of implementing CPPs. Benefits included that that CPP improved collaboration and increased focus on the patients. Facilitators in the implementation process included pre-existing well-functioning work processes and having supportive functions (e.g. coordinators). Challenges included the lack of staff and clinical equipment, as well as unjustified time-slots and incorrect referrals.Conclusions: The findings show that most health professionals working in investigatory units’ experience benefits with the implementation of CPP, but the lack of resources was especially hard to overcome.
Accuracy of Digital Templating for Non-Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Large Series by a Single Surgeon
Authors: Wheeler Adam , Gradisar Ian M.
Published: January 2021

IntroductionPreoperative planning for total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an essential step taken to reduce surgical errors and improve patient outcomes. Previously, templating using acetate radiographs proved accurate and beneficial. However, digital templating of digitally acquired radiographs has become more commonplace. The purpose of this study was to quantify accuracy of digital templating for THA’s performed by a single surgeon over a 4-year period and to determine if accuracy improved over time. Materials and Methods491 patients undergoing primary THA from 2013-2017 performed by a single surgeon were retrospectively analyzed. Digital templating was performed using ORTHOVIEW Orthopaedic Digital Templating for CARESTREAM PACS (© 2019 Carestream Health). Digitally templated acetabular and femoral component sizes were compared to actual implanted sizes to determine template percent accuracy. To investigate changes in accuracy over time, THA cases were divided in half and compared. Chi Square and Fisher’s Exact Tests were used to determine statistically significant differences in percent accuracy over time. Results Overall percent accuracy of acetabular and femoral components was 97.4% and 87.2% respectively. When comparing the first and second half, percent accuracy of acetabular and femoral components was 98.4% versus 97.1% (P =0.58) and 89.4% versus 84.9% (P= 0.14) respectively. ConclusionsThis study represents one of the largest retrospective analyses aimed at determining accuracy of digital templating in THA procedures performed by a single surgeon at a single institution. Percent accuracy was consistently high throughout time and deemed an accurate methodology for preoperative planning of cementless THA.
HuR-mediated posttranscriptional modification of Cx40 and coronary microvascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Si Rui , Cabrera Jody Tori O. , Tsuji-Hosokawa Atsumi , Gao Lei , Guo Rui , Watanabe Makiko , Lee Yun Sok , Moon Jae-su , Scott Brian T. , Wang Jian , Ashton Anthony W. , Rao Jaladanki N. , Yuan Jason X.-J. , Wang Jian-Ying , Makino Ayako
Published: January 2021

Background

Diabetic patients with coronary microvascular disease (CMD) exhibit higher cardiac mortality than patients without CMD. However, the molecular mechanism by which diabetes promotes CMD is poorly understood. RNA-binding protein HuR is a key regulator of mRNA stability and translation of many genes, and there is growing evidence showing the potential role of HuR in cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the role of HuR and its target genes in the development of CMD in type 2 diabetic mice.
Methods

Type 2 diabetes was induced in male mice by a high-fat diet combined with a single injection of low-dose streptozotocin. We assessed coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR, a determinant of coronary microvascular function) in vivo and isolated cardiac endothelial cells (CECs) from those mice for in vitro experiment. Coronary endothelial function was evaluated in the 3rd order of coronary arteries using a wire myograph. Human CECs from 4 control subjects and 4 diabetic patients were purchased from the company.
Results

Diabetic mice exhibited decreases in CFVR and capillary density in the left ventricle (LV). HuR protein levels in CECs were significantly lower in diabetic mice and diabetic patients than in the controls. Endothelial-specific HuR-KO mice also displayed significant reductions in CFVR and capillary density. By examining mRNA levels of 92 genes associated with endothelial function, we found that HuR, Cx40, and Nox4 levels were decreased in CECs from diabetic and HuR-KO mice in comparison to control mice. Cx40 protein level and HuR binding to Cx40 mRNA were downregulated in CECs from diabetic mice, and Cx40-KO mice exhibited decreased CFVR, attenuated endothelium-dependent relaxation, and reduced capillary density in the LV. Furthermore, endothelium-specific Cx40 overexpression ameliorated endothelial functions by augmenting endothelium-dependent relaxation and increasing capillary density in the LV, and resulted in the improvement of CFVR in diabetic mice.
Conclusions

These data suggest that decreased HuR, a specific mRNA binding protein that downregulates gap junction protein Cx40 in CECs, plays an important role in the development of coronary microvascular disease in diabetes. Restoration of Cx40 expression and function is potentially a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic cardiovascular complications.
The Effectiveness of Enhanced Primary Healthcare (EnPHC) Interventions on Type 2 Diabetes Management in Malaysia: Difference-in-differences (DID) Analysis
Authors: husin masliyana , Teh Xin Rou , Ong Su Miin , Lim Yvonne Mei Fong , Ang Swee Hung , Chan Chee Lee , Lim Ming Tsuey , Shanmugam Sunita , Khamis Noraziani , Jaafar Faeiz Syezri Adzmin , Ibrahim Nor Idawaty , Nasir Nazrila Hairizan , Kusuma Dian , Wagner Anita Katharina , Ross-Degnan Dennis , Atun Rifat , Sivasampu Sheamini
Published: January 2021

Background

To evaluate the effectiveness of the Enhanced Primary Healthcare (EnPHC) interventions on process of care and intermediate clinical outcomes among type 2 diabetes patients.

Research Design and Methods

This was a quasi-experimental controlled study of multi-pronged interventions conducted in 20 intervention and 20 control public primary care clinics in Malaysia from November 2016 to June 2019. Malaysian patients aged 30 years and above with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes were selected via systematic random sampling. We conducted difference-in-differences analyses of data on process of care and intermediate clinical outcomes extracted from medical records.

Results

We reviewed 12,017 medical records of patients with type 2 diabetes. Process of care measures improved: HbA1c tests performed within the past three months (odds ratio (OR) 3.31, 95% CI 2.13, 5.13); lipid test (OR 4.59, 95% CI 2.64, 7.97), LDL (OR 4.33, 95% CI 2.16, 8.70), and urine albumin (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.12, 3.55) tests within the past year; BMI measured within the past six months (OR 15.80, 95% CI 4.78, 52.24); cardiovascular risk assessment (OR 174.65, 95% CI 16.84, 1810.80); and exercise counselling (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.33). We found no statistically significant changes in intermediate clinical outcomes.

Conclusions

EnPHC interventions were effective in improving process of care but not intermediate clinical outcomes for type 2 diabetes patients. The intervention package was successful in enhancing the quality of care in diabetes from the health provider perspective. Patient engagement and self-management support may be needed to bring forth changes in patient outcomes.
Risk Factors for Bacterial Infections in Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19: a Case Control Study
Authors: Nasir Nosheen , Rehman Fazal ur , Omair Syed Furrukh
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveBacterial infections are known to complicate respiratory viral infections and are associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. A case control study was conducted to determine risk factors for bacterial infections where cases were defined as moderate to severe/critical COVID-19 patients with bacterial infection and those without were included as controls. Logistic regression analysis was performed. ResultsOut of a total of 50 cases and 50 controls, greater proportion of cases had severe or critical disease at presentation as compared to control i.e 80% vs 30% (p<0.001). Hospital acquired pneumonia (72%) and Gram negative organisms (82%) were predominant. Overall antibiotic utilization was 82% and was 64% in patients who had no evidence of bacterial infection. The median length of stay was significantly longer among cases compared to controls (12.5 versus 7.5 days) (p=0.001). The overall mortality was 30%, with comparatively higher proportion of deaths among cases (42% versus 18%) (p=0.009). Severe or critical COVID-19 at presentation (AOR: 4.42 times; 95% CI; 1.63-11.9) and use of steroids (AOR: 4.60; 95% CI 1.24-17.05) were independently associated with risk of bacterial infections. These findings have implications for antibiotic stewardship as antibiotics can be reserved for those at higher risk for bacterial superinfections.
Fairness in Household Financial Contribution to the Healthcare System; the Evidence of Iran from 2008 to 2018
Authors: Darvishi Ali , Amini-Rarani Mostafa , Mehrolhassani Mohammad Hossein , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid
Published: January 2021

Objective: The achievement of equity in health leads to health gains and financial risk protection and this issue was one of the important goals of Iran’s health transformation programm (HTP). The present study aimed to how the HTP achieved its objectives in terms of fair financial protection by assessing the Fair Financial Contribution Index (FFCI) in various households of urban and rural areas before (2008-2013) and after (2014-2018) the implementation of the HTP. Results: According to the sample analyzed, 207,980 and 212,249 of households lived in urban and rural areas, respectively. The worst fair contributions to health expenditure in urban (FFCI= 0.684) and rural areas (FFCI= 0.530) were occurred in 2010 and 2009, respectively. Otherwise, the best fair contributions for urban areas (FFCI=0.858) and rural areas (FFCI= 0.836) were made in 2011. Before the HTP implementation was began (between 2008 and 2013), FFCI witnessed minor changes from 0.834 in 2008 to 0.833 in 2013. Following the HTP implementation, the FFCI values in urban and rural population declined (worsened) from 0.842 to 0.836 and 0.816 to 0.809, respectively. Overall, FFCI has been improved during years after the implementation of HTP. Such that, the improvement was shown more in rural areas.
The Effect of Stocking Density on the Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Pekin Ducks
Authors: Eratalar Sabri Arda , OKUR Nezih , Yaman Ahmet
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe effect of stocking density on slaughter performance and meat quality were primarily investigated in this research. Pekin ducks were reared until slaughter age (42 days) in three different stocking density groups (three, five and seven ducklings/m2) in four replicate pens. To compare the slaughter performance of the ducklings’ live weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, thigh and breast meat weight and yield, and edible giblets weight (heart, liver and gizzard) were investigated. The meat quality was compared between the treatment groups based on dry matter ratio, cooking loss, water holding capacity, pH values, and colour parameters (L*, a*, b*, c*, h* and ΔE* values). Results Carcass weight, carcass yield, thigh and breast meat weight were found to decrease in parallel to the increasing stocking density, resulting in a reduction in thigh and breast meat weights and ratios (P˂0.05). Increasing the stocking density decreased the heart weight, and positively improved the liver and gizzard ratio (P˂0.05). However, it did not affect the meat quality parameters investigated in this research (P˂0.05). The breast meat of the ducks reared under higher stocking density had higher L*, h* and ΔE* values, lower a* values (P˂0.05), and similar b* and c* values (P˃0.05). ConclusionsEvaluating the overall research findings, it can be concluded that increased stocking density when rearing ducks negatively affects the slaughter performance where affecting only breast meat colour and weight of thigh meat with skin in investigated meat quality parameters. More detailed researches should be undertaken considering welfare and economic issues as well.