bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Daily Sleep and Anxious and Depressive Symptoms Among Dementia Caregivers—The Mediation of Cortisol Total Output on High- and Low-Stress Days
Authors: Liu Yin , Fauth Elizabeth B , Fleming Daniel J M , Lorenz Rebecca
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Dementia family caregivers report poor sleep and mood, typically attributed to chronic stress and managing frequent daily stressors. Although many studies use global retrospective reports of these indicators, the current study examines mechanisms linking sleep, negative affect, stress biomarkers, and high-/low-stress contexts at the daily level, from the biopsychosocial perspective of stressor exposure and reactivity.

Method

One hundred seventy-three caregivers (Mage = 61.97, SD = 10.66) were providing care at home and used adult day services (ADS) at least 2 days a week. Caregivers reported their bedtime, wake time, sleep quality, and nighttime problems of the person with dementia (PwD) daily for eight consecutive days, concurrently reporting noncare stressors, negative affect, and providing five salivary cortisol samples per day. We conducted multilevel analysis to examine whether caregiver sleep characteristics overnight (i.e., total time in bed, quality, and PwD sleep problems) were associated with their anxious and depressive symptoms on days where ADS were utilized versus non-ADS days (i.e., low stress vs. high stress), and whether cortisol daily total output as area under the curve (AUCg) mediated the direct associations, at the within- and between-person levels.

Results

On high-stress (i.e., non-ADS) days when caregivers had a longer time in bed than usual the night before, they were less anxious on the following day; the direct association was statistically mediated through lower cortisol AUCg during the day.

Discussion

Staying longer in bed than usual before an upcoming high-stress day may help dementia family caregivers better regulate cortisol stress reactivity and anxious symptoms.
COVID-19 Worries Predict Aging Preparation: Culture- and Domain-Specific Perspectives
Authors: Kim-Knauss Yaeji , Lang Frieder R , Rupprecht Fiona S , Martin Kristina , Fung Helene H
Published: May 2022

Objectives

We investigated whether worrying about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predicts people’s engagement in aging preparation. Furthermore, we expected that this association would have culture- (i.e., Hong Kong and Germany) and domain-specific (i.e., finances, housing, care needs, connectedness, and end-of-life) tendencies, as the culture and domains that are most severely hit by the pandemic differ.

Methods

A total of 360 and 1,294 adults (aged 18–98 years) living in Hong Kong and Germany, respectively, participated in a web-based study. We fitted our data to a multilevel model in order to take into account the interdependence of domains (i.e., Level 1) within the same individual (i.e., Level 2).

Results

The results revealed that reporting higher COVID-19 worries were associated with pandemic-induced aging preparation, and this association was particularly apparent for Germans in comparison to those from Hong Kong. When domains were specified, this cultural difference appeared significantly stronger for the domains of care, connectedness, and end-of-life than finances and housing.

Discussion

Findings imply that worrying about the COVID-19 pandemic predicts people to engage in aging preparation particularly in the culture and domains most affected by the pandemic. These results from those worried about the virus may be attributed to the increased self-relevance to the topic and hence motivation.
Monitoring Bivalve Behavior and Physiology in the Laboratory and Field Using Open-Source Tools
Authors: Miller Luke P
Published: May 2022

Bivalve molluscs have been the focus of behavioral and physiological studies for over a century, due in part to the relative ease with which their traits can be observed. The author reviews historical methods for monitoring behavior and physiology in bivalves, and how modern methods with electronic sensors can allow for a number of parameters to be measured in a variety of conditions using low-cost components and open-source tools. Open-source hardware and software tools can allow researchers to design and build custom monitoring systems to sample organismal processes and the environment, systems that can be tailored to the particular needs of a research program. The ability to leverage shared hardware and software can streamline the development process, providing greater flexibility to researchers looking to expand the number of traits they can measure, the frequency and duration of sampling, and the number of replicate devices they can afford to deploy.
The Core Concepts, Competencies, and Grand Challenges of Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy and Morphology
Authors: Danos Nicole , Staab Katie Lynn , Whitenack Lisa B
Published: May 2022

Synopsis

Core concepts offer coherence to the discourse of a scientific discipline and facilitate teaching by identifying large unifying themes that can be tailored to the level of the class and expertise of the instructor. This approach to teaching has been shown to encourage deeper learning that can be integrated across subdisciplines of biology and has been adopted by several other biology subdisciplines. However, Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy, although one of the oldest biological areas of study, has not had its core concepts identified. Here, we present five core concepts and seven competencies (skills) for Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy that came out of an iterative process of engagement with the broader community of vertebrate morphologists over a 3-year period. The core concepts are (A) evolution, (B) structure and function, (C) morphological development, (D) integration, and (E) human anatomy is the result of vertebrate evolution. The core competencies students should gain from the study of comparative vertebrate anatomy are (F) tree thinking, (G) observation, (H) dissection of specimens, (I) depiction of anatomy, (J) appreciation of the importance of natural history collections, (K) science communication, and (L) data integration. We offer a succinct description of each core concept and competency, examples of learning outcomes that could be used to assess teaching effectiveness, and examples of relevant resources for both instructors and students. Additionally, we pose a grand challenge to the community, arguing that the field of Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy needs to acknowledge racism, androcentrism, homophobia, genocide, slavery, and other influences in its history and address their lingering effects in order to move forward as a thriving discipline that is inclusive of all students and scientists and continues to generate unbiased knowledge for the betterment of humanity. Despite the rigorous process used to compile these core concepts and competencies, we anticipate that they will serve as a framework for an ongoing conversation that ensures Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy remains a relevant field in discovery, innovation, and training of future generations of scientists.
Unveiling the Evolutionary History of a Puzzling Antlion GenusGatzaraNavás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) Based on Systematic Revision, Molecular Phylogenetics, and Biogeographic Inference
Authors: Zheng Yuchen , Hayashi Fumio , Price Benjamin W , Liu Xingyue
Published: May 2022

The antlion genus Gatzara Navás, 1915 is one of the major lineages of the subfamily Dendroleontinae Banks, 1899 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Asia, but has a complex systematic background. Here we present a comprehensive systematic revision and mitochondrial phylogenomic analysis to clarify the identity of this genus, and to unravel its evolutionary history. Combining morphological and molecular evidence, we found that the species currently placed in Gatzara belong to two clades, and most of the Gatzara species are considered to be affiliated to the genus Nepsalus Navás, 1912. The dated phylogeny with ancestral area reconstruction indicates that the common ancestor of Gatzara and Nepsalus might have been widely distributed in East Asia and these two genera may have diverged during the late Miocene. The speciation of most Nepsalus species that are allopatric in distribution might have been driven by a series of vicariance events related to the rise of the Himalayas and the formation of the major islands of East Asia during the late Miocene and Pliocene. A new species, namely Nepsalus chikuni sp. n., is described from Tibet. New taxonomic changes include the six new combinations: Nepsalus caelestis (Krivokhatsky, 1997) comb. n., Nepsalus decorillus (Yang, 1997) comb. n., Nepsalus decorosus (Yang, 1988) comb. n., Nepsalus insolitus (Walker, 1860) comb. n., Nepsalus jezoensis (Okamoto, 1910) comb. n., and Nepsalus petrophilus (Miller & Stange in Miller et al., 1999) comb. n.
Molecular and Biochemical Detection of Insecticide Resistance in theLeishmaniaVector,Phlebotomus papatasi(Diptera: Psychodidae) to Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and Pyrethroids, in Central Iran
Authors: Shirani-Bidabadi Leila , Oshaghi Mohammad Ali , Enayati Ahmad Ali , Akhavan Amir Ahmad , Zahraei-Ramazani Ali Reza , Yaghoobi-Ershadi Mohammad Reza , Rassi Yavar , Aghaei-Afshar Abass , Koosha Mona , Arandian Mohammad Hossein , Ghanei Maryam , Ghassemi Marzieh , Vatandoost Hassan
Published: May 2022

The aim of the present study was to explore resistance markers and possible biochemical resistance mechanisms in the Phlebotomine sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi in Esfahan Province, central Iran. Homogenous resistant strains of sand flies were obtained by exposing P. papatasi collected from Esfahan to a single diagnostic dose of DDT. The adults from the colony were tested with papers impregnated with four pyrethroid insecticides: Permethrin 0.75%, Deltamethrin 0.05%, Cyfluthrin 0.15%, and Lambdacyhalothrin 0.05% to determine levels of cross-resistance. To discover the presence of mutations, a 440 base pair fragment of the voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene was amplified and sequenced in both directions for the susceptible and resistant colonies. We also assayed the amount of four enzymes that play a key role in insecticide detoxification in the resistant colonies. A resistance ratio (RR) of 2.52 folds was achieved during the selection of resistant strains. Sequence analysis revealed no knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the VGSC gene. Enzyme activity ratio of the resistant candidate and susceptible colonies were calculated for α-esterases (3.78), β-esterases (3.72), mixed function oxidases (MFO) (3.21), and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) (1.59). No cross-resistance to the four pyrethroids insecticides was observed in the DDT resistant colony. The absence of kdr mutations in the VGSC gene suggests that alterations in esterase and MFO enzymes are responsible for the resistant of P. papatasi to DDT in central Iran. This information could have significant predictive utility in managing insecticide resistant in this Leishmania vector.
Conical petal epidermal cells, regulated by the MYB transcription factor MIXTA, have an ancient origin within the angiosperms
Authors: Reed Alison , Rudall Paula J , Brockington Samuel F , Glover Beverley J
Published: May 2022

Conical epidermal cells occur on the tepals (perianth organs, typically petals and/or sepals) of the majority of animal-pollinated angiosperms, where they play both visual and tactile roles in pollinator attraction, providing grip to foraging insects, and enhancing colour, temperature, and hydrophobicity. To explore the evolutionary history of conical epidermal cells in angiosperms, we surveyed the tepal epidermis in representative species of the ANA-grade families, the early-diverging successive sister lineages to all other extant angiosperms, and analysed the function of a candidate regulator of cell outgrowth from Cabomba caroliniana (Nymphaeales). We identified conical cells in at least two genera from different families (Austrobaileya and Cabomba). A single SBG9 MYB gene was isolated from C. caroliniana and found to induce strong differentiation of cellular outgrowth, including conical cells, when ectopically expressed in Nicotiana tabacum. Ontogenetic analysis and quantitative reverse transcription–PCR established that CcSBG9A1 is spatially and temporally expressed in a profile which correlates with a role in conical cell development. We conclude that conical or subconical cells on perianth organs are ancient within the angiosperms and most probably develop using a common genetic programme initiated by a SBG9 MYB transcription factor.
The Lived Experience of Military Women With Chronic Pain: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Peppard Sandra W , Burkard Joseph , Georges Jane , Dye Judy
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Chronic pain, a persistent or recurrent pain lasting more than 3 months, is a widespread problem among military women due to combat-related injuries and post-deployment stressors. Risk factors associated with chronic pain include gender, mental health, post-traumatic stress disorder, and prior physical or military sexual trauma. The most common prevalence of chronic pain is musculoskeletal (e.g., low back and neck), migraine, osteoarthritis, and fibromyalgia. Following deployment, 25% of military women are at risk for chronic pain. Military women are prescribed opioids for pain at a higher rate than men and are at risk for prescription opioid addiction. The unique medical needs of military women, including chronic pain, are poorly understood by health care providers and need to be addressed to achieve full integration into the military. The purpose of this study was to explore a typical day for military women living with chronic pain by examining the participants’ daily life experiences.

Material and Methods

Using van Manen’s approach, 13 active duty, retired, and veteran women were interviewed to explore these lived experiences. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of San Diego.

Results

Eight themes emerged from an analysis of the participants’ experiences: (1) chronic pain is a frustrating, persistent, daily, and an hourly struggle; (2) resilience in living with chronic pain is the new normal; (3) mission first and the impact of invisible pain; (4) self-care management and internal locus of control with nonpharmacological therapies; (5) pain accepted and managed to improve quality of life; (6) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diminished social interactions; (7) pain of sexual trauma is not reported; and (8) disparities in health care due to self-perception of provider bias as pain is not understood.

Conclusions

The study generated new knowledge in Force Health Protection, ensuring (1) a fit and operational readiness force; (2) pre- to post-deployment care for women warriors; and (3) access to health care. The study findings supported previous research and could help direct future research into nursing, medicine, and allied health treatments for military and veterans’ gender-specific health care, education, and training. Furthermore, the military women in this study provided insight into the need for future research to explore unconscious gender bias, health disparities, and a raised awareness of military women living with chronic pain. Findings from this study merit further exploration using other qualitative research methodologies including mixed methods.
Hydrogen emission from accretion and outflow in T Tauri stars
Authors: Wilson T J G , Matt S , Harries T J , Herczeg G J
Published: May 2022

Radiative transfer modelling offers a powerful tool for understanding the enigmatic hydrogen emission lines from T Tauri stars. This work compares optical and near-IR spectroscopy of 29 T Tauri stars with our grid of synthetic line profiles. The archival spectra, obtained with VLT/X-Shooter, provide simultaneous coverage of many optical and infrared hydrogen lines. The observations exhibit similar morphologies of line profiles seen in other studies. We used the radiative transfer code torus to create synthetic H α, Pa β, Pa γ, and Br γ emission lines for a fiducial T Tauri model that included axisymmetric magnetospheric accretion and a polar stellar wind. The distribution of Reipurth types and line widths for the synthetic H α lines is similar to the observed results. However, the modelled infrared lines are narrower than the observations by ${\approx}80\,{~\rm km\,s}^{-1}$, and our models predict a significantly higher proportion (≈90 per cent) of inverse P-Cygni profiles. Furthermore, our radiative transfer models suggest that the frequency of P-Cygni profiles depends on the ratio of the mass-loss to mass accretion rates and blue-shifted sub-continuum absorption was predicted for mass-loss rates as low as 10−12 M⊙ yr−1. We explore the effect of rotation, turbulence, and the contributions from red-shifted absorption in an attempt to explain the discrepancy in widths. Our findings show that, singularly, none of these effects is sufficient to explain the observed disparity. However, a combination of rotation, turbulence, and non-axisymmetric accretion may improve the fit of the models to the observed data.
A NuSTAR and Swift view of the hard state of MAXI J1813−095
Authors: Jiang Jiachen , Buisson Douglas J K , Dauser Thomas , Fabian Andrew C , Fürst Felix , Gallo Luigi C , Harrison Fiona A , Parker Michael L , Steiner James F , Tomsick John A , Ubach Santiago , Walton Dominic J
Published: May 2022

We present an analysis of the NuSTAR and Swift spectra of the black hole candidate MAXI J1813−095 in a failed-transition outburst in 2018. The NuSTAR observations show evidence of reflected emission from the inner region of the accretion disc. By modelling the reflection component in the spectra, we find a disc inner radius of Rin < 7 rg. This result suggests that either a slightly truncated disc or a non-truncated disc forms at a few per cent of the Eddington limit in MAXI J1813−095. Our best-fitting reflection models indicate that the geometry of the innermost accretion remains consistent during the period of NuSTAR observations. The spectral variability of MAXI J1813−095 from multi-epoch observations is dominated by the variable photon index of the Comptonization emission.
The Three Hundred project: The gizmo-simba run
Authors: Cui Weiguang , Dave Romeel , Knebe Alexander , Rasia Elena , Gray Meghan , Pearce Frazer , Power Chris , Yepes Gustavo , Anbajagane Dhayaa , Ceverino Daniel , Contreras-Santos Ana , de Andres Daniel , De Petris Marco , Ettori Stefano , Haggar Roan , Li Qingyang , Wang Yang , Yang Xiaohu , Borgani Stefano , Dolag Klaus , Zu Ying , Kuchner Ulrike , Cañas Rodrigo , Ferragamo Antonio , Gianfagna Giulia
Published: May 2022

We introduce gizmo-simba, a new suite of galaxy cluster simulations within The Three Hundred project. The Three Hundred consists of zoom re-simulations of 324 clusters with $M_{200}\gtrsim 10^{14.8}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ drawn from the MultiDark-Planck N-body simulation, run using several hydrodynamic and semi-analytical codes. The gizmo-simba suite adds a state-of-the-art galaxy formation model based on the highly successful Simba simulation, mildly re-calibrated to match $z$ = 0 cluster stellar properties. Comparing to The Three Hundred zooms run with gadget-x, we find intrinsic differences in the evolution of the stellar and gas mass fractions, BCG ages, and galaxy colour–magnitude diagrams, with gizmo-simba generally providing a good match to available data at $z$ ≈ 0. gizmo-simba’s unique black hole growth and feedback model yields agreement with the observed BH scaling relations at the intermediate-mass range and predicts a slightly different slope at high masses where few observations currently lie. Gizmo-Simba provides a new and novel platform to elucidate the co-evolution of galaxies, gas, and black holes within the densest cosmic environments.
Hot white dwarf candidates from the IGAPS-GALEX cross-match
Authors: Gómez-Muñoz M A , Sabin L , Raddi R , Wells R D
Published: May 2022

White dwarf (WD) stars are often associated with the central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNe) on their way to the cooling track. A large number of WD star candidates have been identified; thanks to optical large-scale surveys such as Gaia DR2 and EDR3. However, hot-WD/CSPNe stars are quite elusive in optical bands due to their high temperatures and low-optical luminosities. The Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) matched with the INT Galactic Plane Survey (IGAPS) allowed us to identify hot-WD candidates by combining the GALEX far-UV (FUV)and near-UV (NUV)with optical photometric bands (g, r, i, and Hα). After accounting for source confusion and filtering bad photometric data, a total of 236 485 sources were found in the GALEX and IGAPS footprint (GaPHAS). A preliminary selection of hot stellar sources was made using the GALEX colour cut on FUV−NUV> −0.53, yielding 74 hot-WD candidates. We analysed their spectral energy distribution (SED) by developing a fitting program for single- and two-body SED using an MCMC algorithm; 41 are probably binary systems (a binary fraction of ∼55 per cent was estimated). Additionally, we classified the WD star candidates using different infrared (IR) colours available for our sample, obtaining similar results as in the SED analysis for the single and binary systems. This supports the strength of the fitting method and the advantages of the combination of GALEX UV with optical photometry. Ground-based time-series photometry and spectra are required in order to confirm the nature of the WD star candidates.
SLC46A3 is a lysosomal proton-coupled steroid conjugate and bile acid transporter involved in transport of active catabolites of T-DM1
Authors: Tomabechi Ryuto , Kishimoto Hisanao , Sato Taeka , Saito Naoki , Kiyomiya Keisuke , Takada Tappei , Higuchi Kei , Shirasaka Yoshiyuki , Inoue Katsuhisa
Published: May 2022

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a new class of cancer therapeutics that enable targeted delivery of cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells. Although clinical efficacy has been demonstrated for ADC therapies, resistance to these conjugates may occur. Recently, SLC46A3, a lysosomal membrane protein, was revealed to regulate the efficacy of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), a noncleavable ADC that has been widely used for treating breast cancer. However, the role of SLC46A3 in mediating T-DM1 cytotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, we discovered the function of SLC46A3 as a novel proton-coupled steroid conjugate and bile acid transporter. SLC46A3 preferentially recognized lipophilic steroid conjugates and bile acids as endogenous substrates. In addition, we found that SLC46A3 directly transports Lys-SMCC-DM1, a major catabolite of T-DM1, and potent SLC46A3 inhibitors attenuate the cytotoxic effects of T-DM1, suggesting a role in the escape of Lys-SMCC-DM1 from the lysosome into the cytoplasm. Our findings reveal the molecular mechanism by which T-DM1 kills cancer cells and may contribute to the rational development of ADCs that target SLC46A3.
HIV-1 mutants that escape the cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are defective in viral DNA integration
Authors: Balasubramaniam Muthukumar , Davids Benem-Orom , Bryer Alex , Xu Chaoyi , Thapa Santosh , Shi Jiong , Aiken Christopher , Pandhare Jui , Perilla Juan R , Dash Chandravanu
Published: May 2022

HIV-1 replication is durably controlled without antiretroviral therapy (ART) in certain infected individuals called elite controllers (ECs). These individuals express specific human leukocyte antigens (HLA) that tag HIV-infected cells for elimination by presenting viral epitopes to CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL). In HIV-infected individuals expressing HLA-B27, CTLs primarily target the viral capsid protein (CA)-derived KK10 epitope. While selection of CA mutation R264K helps HIV-1 escape this potent CTL response, the accompanying fitness cost severely diminishes virus infectivity. Interestingly, selection of a compensatory CA mutation S173A restores HIV-1 replication. However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying HIV-1 escape from this ART-free virus control by CTLs is not fully understood. Here, we report that the R264K mutation-associated infectivity defect arises primarily from impaired HIV-1 DNA integration, which is restored by the S173A mutation. Unexpectedly, the integration defect of the R264K variant was also restored upon depletion of the host cyclophilin A. These findings reveal a nuclear crosstalk between CA and HIV-1 integration as well as identify a previously unknown role of cyclophilin A in viral DNA integration. Finally, our study identifies a novel immune escape mechanism of an HIV-1 variant escaping a CA-directed CTL response.
Probing the entanglement of operator growth
Authors: Patramanis Dimitrios
Published: May 2022

In this work we probe the operator growth for systems with Lie symmetry using tools from quantum information. Namely, we investigate the Krylov complexity, entanglement negativity, entanglement entropy, and capacity of entanglement for systems with SU(1,1) and SU(2) symmetry. Our main tools are two-mode coherent states, whose properties allow us to study the operator growth and its entanglement structure for any system in a discrete series representation of the groups under consideration. Our results verify that the quantities of interest exhibit certain universal features in agreement with the universal operator growth hypothesis. Moreover, we illustrate the utility of this approach relying on symmetry as it significantly facilitates the calculation of quantities probing operator growth. In particular, we argue that the use of the Lanczos algorithm, which has been the most important tool in the study of operator growth so far, can be circumvented and all the essential information can be extracted directly from symmetry arguments.
Eye Movement Patterns Can Distinguish Schizophrenia From the Major Affective Disorders and Healthy Control Subjects
Authors: St Clair David , MacLennan Graeme , Beedie Sara A , Nouzová Eva , Lemmon Helen , Rujescu Dan , Benson Philip J , McIntosh Andrew , Nath Mintu
Published: May 2022

Background and hypothesis

No objective tests are currently available to help diagnosis of major psychiatric disorders. This study evaluates the potential of eye movement behavior patterns to predict schizophrenia subjects compared to those with major affective disorders and control groups.

Study design

Eye movements were recorded from a training set of UK subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ; n = 120), bipolar affective disorder (BPAD; n = 141), major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 136), and healthy controls (CON; n = 142), and from a hold-out set of 133 individuals with proportional group sizes. A German cohort of SCZ (n = 60) and a Scottish cohort of CON subjects (n = 184) acted as a second semi-independent test set. All patients met DSMIV and ICD10 criteria for SCZ, BPAD, and MDD. Data from 98 eye movement features were extracted. We employed a gradient boosted (GB) decision tree multiclass classifier to develop a predictive model. We calculated the area under the curve (AUC) as the primary performance metric.

Study results

Estimates of AUC in one-versus-all comparisons were: SCZ (0.85), BPAD (0.78), MDD (0.76), and CON (0.85). Estimates on part-external validation were SCZ (0.89) and CON (0.65). In all cases, there was good specificity but only moderate sensitivity. The best individual discriminators included free viewing, fixation duration, and smooth pursuit tasks. The findings appear robust to potential confounders such as age, sex, medication, or mental state at the time of testing.

Conclusions

Eye movement patterns can discriminate schizophrenia from major mood disorders and control subjects with around 80% predictive accuracy.
Analysis of critical success factors for blockchain technology implementation in healthcare sector
Authors: Bali Shivani , Bali Vikram , Mohanty Rajendra Prasad , Gaur Dev
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Recently, blockchain technology (BT) has resolved healthcare data management challenges. It helps healthcare providers automate medical records and mining to aid in data sharing and making more accurate diagnoses. This paper attempts to identify the critical success factors (CSFs) for successfully implementing BT in healthcare.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is methodologically structured in four phases. The first phase leads to identifying success factors by reviewing the extant literature. In the second phase, expert opinions were solicited to authenticate the critical success factors required to implement BT in the healthcare sector. Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method was employed to find the cause-and-effect relationship among the third phase’s critical success factors. In phase 4, the authors resort to validating the final results and findings.

Findings

Based on the analysis, 21 CSFs were identified and grouped under six dimensions. After applying the DEMATEL technique, nine factors belong to the causal group, and the remaining 12 factors fall under the effect group. The top three influencing factors of blockchain technology implementation in the healthcare ecosystem are data transparency, track and traceability and government support, whereas; implementation cost was the least influential.

Originality/value

This study provides a roadmap and may facilitate healthcare professionals to overcome contemporary challenges with the help of BT.
Jaya Honey Badger optimization-based deep neuro-fuzzy network structure for detection of (SARS-CoV) Covid-19 disease by using respiratory sound signals
Authors: Dar Jawad Ahmad , Srivastava Kamal Kr , Lone Sajaad Ahmad
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The Covid-19 prediction process is more indispensable to handle the spread and death occurred rate because of Covid-19. However early and precise prediction of Covid-19 is more difficult because of different sizes and resolutions of input image. Thus these challenges and problems experienced by traditional Covid-19 detection methods are considered as major motivation to develop JHBO-based DNFN.

Design/methodology/approach

The major contribution of this research is to design an effectual Covid-19 detection model using devised JHBO-based DNFN. Here, the audio signal is considered as input for detecting Covid-19. The Gaussian filter is applied to input signal for removing the noises and then feature extraction is performed. The substantial features, like spectral roll-off, spectral bandwidth, Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), spectral flatness, zero crossing rate, spectral centroid, mean square energy and spectral contract are extracted for further processing. Finally, DNFN is applied for detecting Covid-19 and the deep leaning model is trained by designed JHBO algorithm. Accordingly, the developed JHBO method is newly designed by incorporating Honey Badger optimization Algorithm (HBA) and Jaya algorithm.

Findings

The performance of proposed hybrid optimization-based deep learning algorithm is estimated by means of two performance metrics, namely testing accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 0.9176, 0.9218 and 0.9219.

Research limitations/implications

The JHBO-based DNFN approach is developed for Covid-19 detection. The developed approach can be extended by including other hybrid optimization algorithms as well as other features can be extracted for further improving the detection performance.

Practical implications

The proposed Covid-19 detection method is useful in various applications, like medical and so on.

Originality/value

Developed JHBO-enabled DNFN for Covid-19 detection: An effective Covid-19 detection technique is introduced based on hybrid optimization–driven deep learning model. The DNFN is used for detecting Covid-19, which classifies the feature vector as Covid-19 or non-Covid-19. Moreover, the DNFN is trained by devised JHBO approach, which is introduced by combining HBA and Jaya algorithm.
Who wins the paralympic medals? An analysis of the socio-economic determinants
Authors: Lui Cheuk-Wing , Lui Hon-Kwong
Published: May 2022

Purpose

While the Olympic Games are always under the spotlight, the Paralympic Games are somehow ignored. This paper aims to invite the general public to think about the para-athletes and the differential treatments they received.

Design/methodology/approach

Among the participating countries, many of them were unable to win a single Olympic or Paralympic medal. When the dependent variable is left-censored, ordinary least squares regression is asymptotically biased downwards. In the literature, researchers typically employ the maximum likelihood Tobit model to take care of the censoring problem. However, some researchers argue that the Hurdle model has an advantage over the Tobit model in identifying the determinants of winning Olympic medals. Following their wisdom, this paper employs both the Tobit and Hurdle models in analysis.

Findings

The empirical evidence gathered in this paper suggests that population size, host status and average years of schooling are the big three socio-economic determinants when it comes to winning medals at the Paralympic Games and Olympic Games. The findings support the hypothesis that sports talent is randomly distributed and a large country has a higher chance to have talented athletes or para-athletes winning the Olympic medals. The strong host advantage also showed up in the following Paralympics but was not so strong at the next Olympics.

Originality/value

This paper not only examines the relationship between various social, economic and political factors in determining the success of a nation in the Paralympic Games but also attempts to identify possible non-traditional determinants.
The effect of digital transformation on firm performance: evidence from Swedish listed companies
Authors: Jardak Maha Khemakhem , Ben Hamad Salah
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The objective of this research is to examine empirically the effects of digital maturity (DM) on the firm's financial performance as measured by return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and Tobin's Q.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use a panel data sample of 92 observations collected from 23 listed firms on Sweden's stock exchange over four years, 2015–2018. The authors hand collect DM from the digital leader's reports and collect financial data from DataStream. Using both static and dynamic panel (generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation) regression models to perform endogeneity problem, the authors explore the impact of the DM index on ROA, ROE and Q of Tobin.

Findings

The results show that DM has a negative effect on ROA and ROE but a positive effect on Q of Tobin. This negative relationship can be explained, by the fact that information technology (IT) investment and the DM could take years to be materialized and to be captured by performance indicators. Company investment in IT will increase and basically the ROA will be negatively affected because the higher value of IT assets is not amortized. Nevertheless, in the long term, company can maximize its performance. The positive effect on Q of Tobin captures the long-run effect of digital transformation.

Research limitations/implications

This research can be helpful for firms in their process of digital transformation to succeed with the change, create value and to understand the challenges they have to face. In the short term, firms undertaking digital transformation will face some financial difficulties which affect negatively their ROA and ROE, but in the long term they can maximize their performance (captured by Tobin’s Q) and improve their market value.

Originality/value

In previous research, the impact of digital transformation on performance has been measured in terms of revenue growth, profit margins and in terms of earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT). Even if the authors have sufficient evidence of the positive effect of digital transformation on organizational performance, there is no support of the positive effect on financial performance. So, the authors try to fill this gap. This research has also the merit of examining this relationship empirically through a dynamic panel data estimation two-step system GMM, while the majority of previous studies are qualitative in nature based on interviews and questionnaires or simple correlations.
Proportionate mortality and national rate of death from COVID-19 among US law enforcement officers: 2020
Authors: Violanti John M. , Fekedulegn Desta , McCanlies Erin , Andrew Michael E.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The goal of the present study is to determine the proportionate mortality and national rate of duty-related deaths from COVID-19 among US law enforcement officers during the year 2020.

Design/methodology/approach

Data for the current study were obtained from the National Law Enforcement Officer Memorial Fund (NLEOMF) database for the year 2020. The database contains deaths designated as caused by incidents that occurred while in the line of duty. The chi-square test and two-sample t-test were used to compare characteristics of officers who died of COVID-19 versus other causes of death. Both the proportionate mortality and rates of death were calculated. To compute the rate of death, the authors obtained data on the total number of law enforcement officers employed in the United States (and therefore at risk) for the year 2020 from Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Findings

COVID-19 deaths (n = 182) accounted for 62% of all duty-related law enforcement officer deaths during 2020. The national rate of death due to COVID-19 (12.8/100,000 per year) for law enforcement officers was higher compared to all other causes of death combined (8.0/100,000 per year).

Research limitations/implications

A limitation of the study is the uncertainty of a definitive assessment that the viral infection was acquired through work (versus at home or other non-work-related community settings). Although highly unlikely, deaths designated as duty related entail financial benefits for the survivors and may be a potential source of bias. Given the complexity of personal exposures, the percentage of COVID-19 deaths attributed to duty may represent an over or under estimation of the actual value. Therefore, the data should be interpreted cautiously.

Practical implications

These findings provide police organizations with information needed to understand the risk of death among officers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to make informed decisions about future preparedness strategies.

Originality/value

There are presently no published scientific studies that examine both the proportionate mortality and national rate of death from COVID-19 among law enforcement officers for the year 2020.
Metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity and risk of vasomotor symptoms in premenopausal women: cross‐sectional and cohort studies
Authors: Namgoung Sunju , Chang Yoosoo , Woo Chae‐Yeon , Kim Yejin , Kang Jeonggyu , Kwon Ria , Lim Ga‐Young , Choi Hye Rin , Kim Kye‐Hyun , Kim Hoon , Hong Yun Soo , Zhao Di , Cho Juhee , Guallar Eliseo , Park Hyun‐Young , Ryu Seungho
Published: May 2022

Objective

To examine the relationship between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity phenotypes and risk of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in premenopausal women.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Middle‐aged women in a cohort based on regular health screening examinations.

Population

Premenopausal Korean women aged 42–52 years were recruited and were followed up for a median of 4.2 years. The cross‐sectional and cohort studies comprised 4672 women and 2590 women without VMS at baseline, respectively.

Methods

Adiposity measures included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and percentage body fat. Being metabolically healthy was defined as not having any metabolic syndrome components or a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance of 2.5 or more.

Main outcomes measures

VMS (hot flushes and night sweats) assessed using the questionnaire.

Results

All adiposity measures were positively associated with an increased risk of VMS in both cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies. The multivariable‐adjusted prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) for VMS comparing percentage body fat of 35% or more with the reference was 1.47 (95% CI 1.14–1.90) in metabolically healthy women, and the corresponding prevalence ratio was 2.32 (95% CI 1.42–3.78) in metabolically unhealthy women (Pinteraction = 0.334). The multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio for incident VMS comparing percentage body fat of 35% or more with the reference was 1.34 (95% CI 1.00–1.79) in metabolically healthy women, whereas the corresponding hazard ratio was 3.61 (95% CI 1.81–7.20) in metabolically unhealthy women (Pinteraction = 0.036). The association between BMI, waist circumference and VMS did not significantly differ by metabolic health status.

Conclusions

Maintaining normal weight and being metabolically healthy may help to prevent VMS in premenopausal women.

Tweetable abstract

Avoiding obesity and a metabolically unhealthy status may help reduce vasomotor symptoms in premenopausal women.
Putting patients at the centre of pain management
Authors: Wojtaszewska Alexandra , Vashisht Arvind , Hirsch Martin
Published: May 2022

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on Beales et al., pp. 1981–1991. in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471‐0528.17232
Cost‐effectiveness of clinical interventions for delirium: A systematic literature review of economic evaluations
Authors: Kinchin Irina , Edwards Layla , Hosie Annmarie , Agar Meera , Mitchell Eileen , Trepel Dominic
Published: May 2022

Objective

Little is known about the economic value of clinical interventions for delirium. This review aims to synthesise and appraise available economic evidence, including resource use, costs, and cost‐effectiveness of interventions for reducing, preventing, and treating delirium.

Methods

Systematic review of published and grey literature on full and partial economic evaluations. Study quality was assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS).

Results

Fourteen economic evaluations (43% full, 57% partial) across nine multicomponent and nonpharmacological intervention types met inclusion criteria. The intervention costs ranged between US$386 and $553 per person in inpatient settings. Multicomponent delirium prevention intervention and the Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP) reported statistically significant cost savings or cost offsets somewhere else in the health system. Cost savings related to inpatient, outpatient, and out‐of‐pocket costs ranged between $194 and $6022 per person. The average CHEERS score was 74% (±SD 10%).

Conclusion

Evidence on a joint distribution of costs and outcomes of delirium interventions was limited, varied and of generally low quality. Directed expansion of health economics towards the evaluation of delirium care is necessary to ensure effective implementation that meets patients' needs and is cost‐effective in achieving similar or better outcomes for the same or lower cost.
Review article: latent tuberculosis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases receiving immunosuppression—risks, screening, diagnosis and management
Authors: Fehily Sasha R. , Al‐Ani Aysha H. , Abdelmalak Jonathan , Rentch Clarissa , Zhang Eva , Denholm Justin T. , Johnson Douglas , Ng Siew C. , Sharma Vishal , Rubin David T. , Gibson Peter R. , Christensen Britt
Published: May 2022

Background

One quarter of the world's population has latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Systemic immunosuppression is a risk factor for LTBI reactivation and the development of active tuberculosis. Such reactivation carries a risk of significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the increasing global incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the use of immune‐based therapies, current guidelines on the testing and treatment of LTBI in patients with IBD are haphazard with a paucity of evidence.

Aim

To review the screening, diagnostic practices and medical management of LTBI in patients with IBD.

Methods

Published literature was reviewed, and recommendations for testing and treatment were synthesised by experts in both infectious diseases and IBD.

Results

Screening for LTBI should be performed proactively and includes assessment of risk factors, an interferon‐gamma releasing assay or tuberculin skin test and chest X‐ray. LTBI treatment in patients with IBD is scenario‐dependent, related to geographical endemicity, travel and other factors. Ideally, LTBI therapy should be used prior to immune suppression but can be applied concurrently where urgent IBD medical treatment is required. Management is best directed by a multidisciplinary team involving gastroenterologists, infectious diseases specialists and pharmacists. Ongoing surveillance is recommended during therapy. Newer LTBI therapies show promise, but medication interactions need to be considered. There are major gaps in evidence, particularly with specific newer therapeutic approaches to IBD.

Conclusions

Proactive screening for LTBI is essential in patients with IBD undergoing immune‐suppressing therapy and several therapeutic strategies are available. Reporting of real‐world experience is essential to refining current management recommendations.
Neolithic burial pottery from the Jiaojia site, China: A multi‐analytical study
Authors: Yuan Chao , Wang Fen , Yuan Shiling
Published: May 2022

The present study focuses on middle and late Dawenkou Culture burial pottery—cookware, drinking ware, and tableware—recently unearthed from the Jiaojia site. Through the application of X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), we have revealed for the first time that the compositional difference of Jiaojia burial pottery is related to the category and function of wares. Calcium‐poor clay was used for cookware and tableware, whereas calcium‐rich clay was used for drinking ware. The pottery body's mineralogical assemblage and chemical composition results point to the careful selection and preparation of raw materials and oxidizing fire temperatures between 750 and 950°C. In most cases, the temperatures used for firing drinking ware were generally higher than those used for firing tableware and cookware.
Metamemory for involuntary autobiographical memories and semantic mind‐pops in 5‐, 7‐ and 9‐year‐old children and young adults
Authors: Kvavilashvili Lia , Ford Ruth M.
Published: May 2022

In a cross‐sectional study, 5‐, 7‐, and 9‐year‐old‐children and adults (N = 144, 86 females, predominantly White U.K. sample of lower‐middle to middle‐class background) were interviewed about their experiences of involuntary autobiographical memories (IAMs) and semantic mind‐pops that come to mind unintentionally. Although some age differences emerged, the majority of participants in all age groups claimed familiarity with involuntary memories and provided examples from their own experience. Moreover, the self‐reported frequency of IAMs and mind‐pops was high, and reported IAMs usually referred to incidental environmental triggers, whereas reported mind‐pops did not. This age invariance highlights the ubiquity of involuntary memories across development and opens up interesting avenues for developmental research on involuntary memories and other spontaneous phenomena (e.g., mind‐wandering, future thinking).
Childhood poverty, immune cell aging, and African Americans' insulin resistance: A prospective study
Authors: Barton Allen W. , Yu Tianyi , Gong Qiujie , Miller Gregory E. , Chen Edith , Brody Gene H.
Published: May 2022

The present study investigated developmental pathways that can contribute to chronic disease among rural African Americans. With a sample of 342 African American youth (59% female) from the southeastern United States followed for nearly two decades (2001–2019), we examined the prospective association between family poverty during adolescence (ages 11–18) and insulin resistance (IR) in young adulthood (ages 25–29) as well as underlying biological and psychosocial mechanisms. Results indicated family poverty during adolescence forecast higher levels of IR in young adulthood, with accelerated immune cell aging at age 20 partially mediating this association. Serial mediational models confirmed the hypothesized pathway linking family poverty, perceived life chances, cellular aging, and IR. Findings provide empirical support for theorized developmental precursors of chronic disease.