bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building a resilient future workforce: Analysis of initiatives in Australian and New Zealand dietetics curricula
Authors: Richards Kate T. , Williams Lauren T. , Rigby Roshan R.
Published: December 2023

Aim

Dietitians work in high‐pressure environments and student dietitians attend placement in these settings. Resilience is a personal quality that can buffer against the stressors of professional placement; however, little is known about how dietetics students learn resilience. This study aimed to describe how resilience is embedded within Australian and New Zealand dietetics curricula.

Methods

This three‐phased qualitative study examined 18 credentialed dietetics education programs in Australia (n = 16) and New Zealand (n = 2). In Phase 1 (document analysis), publicly available curricular documents were screened for key resilience terms. In Phase 2, academics were invited to participate in a semi‐structured interview on Microsoft Teams to verify and advance upon documentary evidence. Extracted data were combined and evaluated according to Bloom's Taxonomy in Phase 3.

Results

Fifty‐six courses were found to have documented mentions of resilience factors from dietetics programs in Australia and New Zealand. Academics from 14 universities (12 Australia and 2 New Zealand) were interviewed. Three themes were identified from Phase 3: Resilience is valuable content within a dietetics degree, Resilience can be taught indirectly throughout programs and Resilience education is not static. Resilience education was mostly taught by academic dietitians in courses prior to placement and assessed by students completing self‐reflection while on placement. The documentation of resilience within learning objectives and graduate attributes varied between universities.

Conclusion

While all dietetics programs included some resilience curricula, academics acknowledged that resilience content and their own knowledge base could be strengthened. The findings provide direction for program improvements and further research.
Different effects of crizotinib treatment in two non‐small cell lung cancer patients with SDC4::ROS1 fusion variants
Authors: Ohishi Yuta , Nakanishi Yoko , Hirotani Yukari , Suzuki Atsuko , Tanino Tomoyuki , Nishimaki‐Watanabe Haruna , Kobayashi Hiroko , Nozaki Fumi , Ohni Sumie , Tang Xiaoyan , Hayashi Kentaro , Nakagawa Yoshiko , Shimizu Tetsuo , Tsujino Ichiro , Takahashi Noriaki , Gon Yasuhiro , Masuda Shinobu
Published: December 2023

The possibility of stratifying patients according to differences in ROS proto‐oncogene 1 (ROS1) fusion partners has been discussed. This study aimed to clarify the clinicopathological differences between two SDC4::ROS1 positive NSCLC cases who had different responses to crizotinib. Cytology and pathology samples from two NSCLC cases with SDC4::ROS1 who were diagnosed and treated with crizotinib at Nihon University Itabashi Hospital were obtained. Case 1 has been well‐controlled with crizotinib for over 5 years, but case 2 was worse and overall survival was 19 months. Sequencing analysis of ROS1 fusion genes was performed by reverse‐transcription‐PCR and Sanger's sequencing methods. In addition, thyroid transcription factor (TTF)‐1, ROS‐1, Ki67, and phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (pERK)1/2 expression were investigated using immunohistochemistry. Sequencing analysis showed SDC4 exon2::ROS1 exon 32 (exon33 deleted) in case 1, and coexistence of SDC4 exon2::ROS1 exon 34 and SDC4 exon2::ROS1 exon35 in case 2. The Ki67 index was not different, but ROS1 and pERK1/2 expression levels tended to be higher in the tumor cells of case 2 than in case 1. Therapeutic response to crizotinib and patients' prognosis in ROS1 rearranged NSCLC may be related to the activation of ROS1 signaling, depending on ROS1 and pERK1/2 overexpression status, even if the ROS1 fusion partner is the same.
Molecular diagnostics of insecticide resistance in Australian Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) quarantine intercepts
Authors: Chen Yizhou , Nguyen Duong T. , Herron Grant A.
Published: December 2023

Australian ports are continuously exposed to exotic and invasive mite and insect species associated with imported fresh produce. Much effort is focused on preventing the exotic species from entering Australia by product fumigation or destruction in a timely manner. However, quarantine intercepts of invasive species may contain unwanted resistance to pesticides or carry viruses that can undermine Australian agricultural sustainability. We examined pesticide resistance status in 1275 Tetranychus urticae samples from quarantine intercepts from the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry originating from some 29 countries spread over 6 main continents (Africa [4], Asia [12], Europe [3], North America [2], Oceania [4] and South America [4]). We used a high‐throughput multiamplicon sequencing platform to screen major target‐site mutations that cause acaricide resistance in T. urticae. These included G119S, A201S, T280A, G328A and F331Y (Ace‐1) associated with mode of action (MoA) 1 insecticide (organophosphates and carbamates); M918, L925I, L1014F and F1538I (VGSC) associated with MoA 3 insecticide (pyrethroids); G314D (GluCl1) associated with MoA 6 insecticide (avermectins and milbemycins); and finally, H92R (PSST) associated with MoA 21 insecticide (fenpyroximate, pyridaben and tebufenpyrad). The results revealed that four known mutations (G119S, T280A, G328A and F331W) were abundant in the quarantine samples including those from Norfolk Island and New Zealand. The mutations L1024V, F1538I and L925V (VGSC) associated with pyrethroid resistance were widespread through many samples, but the super Kdr mutation M918 was not detected. Similarly, H92R (PSST) that causes resistance to fenpyroximate, pyridaben and tebufenpyrad was found in most of the T. urticae intercept samples. We conclude that resistance alleles entering Australia through quarantine intercepts are common, suggesting that unwanted or rare alleles could enter Australia via this route. However, exotic quarantine breaches carrying such alleles remain of most serious concern.
Negative pressure dressings and the impact on pain management on thoracic incisions in patients undergoing oesophagectomy: a pilot study
Authors: Pavan Fiona , Tan Jed , Gamage Sankalpa , Vu Joseph , Cashin Paul , Low Liang , Martin Sarah
Published: December 2023

Background

Pain control is recognised as a crucial post‐operative measure for patients undergoing oesophagectomy with a thoracotomy incision for oesophageal cancer, where ineffective breathing due to pain is directly correlated with increased morbidity. The analgesic benefits of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) appear to be a relatively new and emerging finding. This pilot study aims to investigate the effects of NPWT on post‐operative pain control and determine the feasibility of a larger trial.

Method

Ten consecutive patients undergoing oesophagectomy were prospectively enrolled to have a PREVENA Incision Management System placed over a closed thoracotomy wound. This dressing was changed at post‐operative day 5 and removed after day 10. Post‐operative morbidity was recorded and analgesia was prescribed by the Acute Pain Service who were blinded to the study aims. Analgesia requirements were recorded in oral morphine equivalents (OME) and compared to 30 patients that had previously undergone oesophagectomy via thoracotomy.

Results

One patient was withdrawn from the study and there was no significant differences in patient demographics. The study group had less average daily analgesia requirements and reduced overall reported pain. Patients in the study group were less likely to develop pneumonia (44% and 57%) and less likely to require re‐operation for complications of their surgery (0% and 10%).

Conclusion

This pilot study shows reduced post‐operative analgesia requirements and reduced morbidity when using NPWT over a closed thoracotomy wound, and affirms the feasibility of a future randomized control trial.
Self‐compassionate reflective writing for affect regulation in Australian perinatal women
Authors: Angus Bronwyn M. , Saling Lauren L. , Moffitt Robyn L.
Published: December 2023

The current study investigated the effect of a brief online self‐compassionate reflective writing task on affect regulation in a sample of Australian perinatal women. Participants were 55 women (Mage = 35.47, SD = 3.79) who were pregnant (16.4%) and/or had an infant <24 months old (76.4%). State self‐compassion, positive and negative affect, and future help‐seeking behavior intentions were compared at pre‐ and post‐intervention while controlling for trait self‐compassion. Inductive thematic analysis was used to extract themes regarding why participants deemed the intervention helpful or unhelpful. As hypothesized, global state self‐compassion and intention to engage in self‐care behavior were higher, and negative affect was lower, immediately post‐intervention relative to pre‐intervention scores. Follow‐up subscale analyses revealed that the mechanisms of the shift in state self‐compassion scores were via reduced self‐judgment and overidentification and increased common humanity. There was no significant change in positive affect or intention to engage in help‐seeking behavior. Most participants (75%) indicated that the task was helpful with themes identified as written format, changed perspective, dedicating time to reflect, improved mood, and practicing self‐kindness. Self‐compassionate reflective writing may be a brief and accessible psychosocial approach with the potential to foster healthy emotion regulation and coping among perinatal women.
Clinical trial: Combination allopurinol‐thiopurine versus standard thiopurine in patients with IBD escalating to immunomodulators (the DECIDER study)
Authors: Vasudevan Abhinav , Con Danny , De Cruz Peter , Sparrow Miles P. , Friedman Antony B. , Garg Mayur , Kashkooli Soleiman , Gibson Peter R. , van Langenberg Daniel R.
Published: December 2023

Background

Thiopurines are established treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet concerns remain regarding their safety.

Aim

To evaluate the use of thiopurine‐allopurinol combination therapy compared to standard thiopurine therapy in IBD.

Methods

We performed a multicentre, randomised, placebo‐controlled trial to compare the efficacy and safety of thiopurine‐allopurinol versus thiopurine with placebo for adults commencing a thiopurine for IBD. Patients had active disease at baseline; dosing of therapy was based on a pre‐specified regimen and subsequent metabolites. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving a composite of symptomatic disease activity remission (Harvey Bradshaw Index <5 for Crohn's disease, Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index <4 for ulcerative colitis) and a faecal calprotectin <150 μg/g after 26 weeks of treatment.

Results

The trial was terminated early due to slow recruitment. We randomised 102 participants (54 thiopurine‐allopurinol, 48 thiopurine with placebo) with similar age (median 42 vs 48 years) and sex distribution (46% women per group). A higher proportion achieved the primary outcome in the thiopurine‐allopurinol group (50% vs 35%, p = 0.14) and fewer participants stopped their allocated therapy due to adverse events (11% vs 29%, p = 0.02). Also, within the thiopurine‐allopurinol group, thiopurine dose adjustments were less frequent (69% vs 92%, p = 0.03), a higher proportion achieved an early therapeutic 6‐TGN level at week 6 (71% vs 53%, p = 0.19), and adverse events attributed to therapy were less frequent (15% vs 44%, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Thiopurine‐allopurinol therapy is safe and mitigates thiopurine adverse effects, thus enhancing tolerability without compromising efficacy (ACTRN12613001347752).
A gastroduodenal artery that branched from the celiac artery in gastrectomy: A rare case of an anatomical variant
Authors: Shimizu Shota , Matsunaga Tomoyuki , Sakano Yu , Makinoya Masahiro , Shishido Yuji , Miyatani Kozo , Kono Yusuke , Murakami Yuki , Hanaki Takehiko , Kihara Kyoichi , Yamamoto Manabu , Tokuyasu Naruo , Takano Shuichi , Sakamoto Teruhisa , Hasegawa Toshimichi , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki
Published: December 2023

Understanding anatomical anomalies of the branch of the celiac artery for safe gastrectomy is important. We report a case of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D1+ lymph node dissection for early gastric cancer with a vascular anatomical anomaly of the celiac artery. A 45‐year‐old woman was referred to our hospital because of early gastric cancer. Computed tomography showed an anatomical variation of the gastroduodenal artery, which branched from the celiac artery. The celiac artery also branched into the left gastric artery, the splenic artery, and the common hepatic artery. Preoperative understanding of an unusual branch of the celiac artery enabled a safe laparoscopic surgery. There were no postoperative complications. The Adachi classification or Michel classification is used for an anatomical anomaly of the celiac artery, but to the best of our knowledge, this case has not been previously classified and is the first reported case.
Interrelatedness of women's health‐behaviour cognitions: A dyadic study of female family members on carrying heavy loads during pregnancy in Nepal
Authors: Tomberge Vica Marie Jelena , Shrestha Akina , Meierhofer Regula , Inauen Jennifer
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Decisions about reproductive health are often influenced by women's female family members, particularly in low‐resource contexts. However, previous research has focused primarily on individual behavioural determinants. We investigated the interrelatedness of female family members' reproductive health behaviour with a dyadic version of an extended health action process approach. We investigated this for carrying heavy loads during pregnancy and postpartum, a risk factor for reproductive health in many low‐income countries such as Nepal.

Design

This cross‐sectional study included dyads of daughters‐in‐law and mothers‐in‐law in rural Nepal (N = 476, nested in 238 dyads).

Methods

Dyads of daughters‐ and mothers‐in‐law were surveyed about avoiding carrying heavy loads during pregnancy and postpartum. The effects of a woman's cognitions and her female dyadic partner's cognitions on their intention and behaviour about avoiding carrying loads were estimated using linear mixed models.

Results

The results showed that a mother‐in‐law's cognitions were related to her daughter‐in‐law's intentions and vice versa. The mother‐in‐law's cognitions were also related to the daughter‐in‐law's behaviour. The mother‐in‐law's self‐efficacy and injunctive norms related to the daughter‐in‐law's intention and behaviour over and above the daughter‐in‐law's own self‐efficacy and injunctive norms.

Conclusion

Female Nepali family members' cognitions about carrying heavy loads during pregnancy and postpartum are interrelated. Including female family members in interventions to help women manage their reproductive health in low‐resource populations seems promising. These novel findings add to the growing body of research indicating the importance of including a dyadic perspective when understanding and changing health behaviour.
Mixtures of t$$ t $$ factor analysers with censored responses and external covariates: An application to educational data from Peru
Authors: Wang Wan‐Lun , Castro Luis M. , Li Huei‐Jyun , Lin Tsung‐I
Published: December 2023

Analysing data from educational tests allows governments to make decisions for improving the quality of life of individuals in a society. One of the key responsibilities of statisticians is to develop models that provide decision‐makers with pertinent information about the latent process that educational tests seek to represent. Mixtures of factor analysers (MtFA) have emerged as a powerful device for model‐based clustering and classification of high‐dimensional data containing one or several groups of observations with fatter tails or anomalous outliers. This paper considers an extension of MtFA for robust clustering of censored data, referred to as the MtFAC model, by incorporating external covariates. The enhanced flexibility of including covariates in MtFAC enables cluster‐specific multivariate regression analysis of dependent variables with censored responses arising from upper and/or lower detection limits of experimental equipment. An alternating expectation conditional maximization (AECM) algorithm is developed for maximum likelihood estimation of the proposed model. Two simulation experiments are conducted to examine the effectiveness of the techniques presented. Furthermore, the proposed methodology is applied to Peruvian data from the 2007 Early Grade Reading Assessment, and the results obtained from the analysis provide new insights regarding the reading skills of Peruvian students.
Oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans promotes tumor metastasis through thrombosis formation
Authors: Yu Li , Hong Yuying , Maishi Nako , Matsuda Aya Yanagawa , Hida Yasuhiro , Hasebe Akira , Kitagawa Yoshimasa , Hida Kyoko
Published: December 2023

Thrombosis is a well‐known cardiovascular disease (CVD) complication that has caused death in many patients with cancer. Oral bacteria have been reported to contribute to systemic diseases, including CVDs, and tumor metastasis. However, whether oral bacteria‐induced thrombosis induces tumor metastasis remains poorly understood. In this study, the cariogenic oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans was used to examine thrombosis in vitro and in vivo. Investigation of tumor metastasis to the lungs was undertaken by intravenous S. mutans implantation using a murine breast cancer metastasis model. The results indicated that platelet activation, aggregation, and coagulation were significantly altered in S. mutans‐stimulated endothelial cells (ECs), with elevated neutrophil migration, thereby inducing thrombosis formation. Streptococcus mutans stimulation significantly enhances platelet and tumor cell adhesion to the inflamed ECs. Furthermore, S. mutans‐induced pulmonary thrombosis promotes breast cancer cell metastasis to the lungs in vivo, which can be reduced by using aspirin, an antiplatelet drug. Our findings indicate that oral bacteria promote tumor metastasis through thrombosis formation. Oral health management is important to prevent CVDs, tumor metastasis, and their associated death.
RNA: The most attractive target in recent viral diseases
Authors: Rabie Amgad M.
Published: December 2023

As an expert in the field of drug design and discovery, I tried, in this up‐to‐date perspective or commentary article, to recap and shed light on the previous and latest revolutionary strategies employed in medicinal and therapeutic chemistry to target the principal viral weapon used by virulent RNA viruses (e.g., the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 “SARS‐CoV‐2”) to infect humans and spread infections, the genomic RNA strands. These strategies act by taking advantage of the weakness points of this attractive bioweapon to disable or attack it (itself), accordingly stop the entire viral reproduction, and effectively end the severe microbial infections such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The generation of respective slightly falsely‐weaved RNA strands, either endogenously or exogenously, is the principal key for designing most of these therapeutic approaches.
Systematic review and appraisal of quality, definitions and treatment recommendations of clinical guidelines for glaucoma suspects
Authors: Wu Zhichao , Karunaratne Senuri , Ang Ghee Soon , Martin Keith R. , Downie Laura E.
Published: December 2023

Background

To appraise the quality of clinical practice guidelines for glaucoma suspects, and to assess their consistency for how a ‘glaucoma suspect’ is defined and their recommendations for treatment initiation for such individuals.

Methods

This study included all documents that self‐identified as a ‘guideline’ and provided recommendation(s) for the clinical care of glaucoma suspects. The quality of eligible guidelines was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument.

Results

From 1196 records retrieved from comprehensive searches and two records manually included, 20 clinical practice guidelines were deemed eligible. Based on an appraisal using the AGREE II instrument, 16 (80%) guidelines had ≤2 domains with scores >66%. Overall, the lowest scoring domains were for applicability, editorial independence and stakeholder involvement. There was relatively poor agreement across the guidelines for what defines a ‘glaucoma suspect’ or ‘primary open angle glaucoma [POAG] suspect’, as well as the recommendations and criteria for treatment initiation in these populations. There was better agreement for the definition and recommendations for treatment initiation for ‘primary angle closure suspects’.

Conclusions

There is substantial room to improve the methodological quality of most current international clinical guidelines for glaucoma suspects. Clinicians should consider this finding when using such guidelines to inform their care of glaucoma suspects. Substantial variation in the definition of a POAG suspect and recommendations for treatment initiation underscores important gaps in the current evidence for the accurate prediction of glaucoma development and treatment effectiveness in these individuals.
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for Crohn's perianal fistula—a real‐world experience
Authors: White Ian , Yanai Henit , Avni Irit , Slavin Moran , Naftali Timna , Tovi Shifra , Dotan Iris , Wasserberg Nir
Published: December 2023

Aim

Remission rates of medically and surgically treated complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease are low. Recently, trials have demonstrated the potential for long‐term remission with local injection of allogeneic adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (darvadstrocel). Our aim was to analyse outcomes from our real‐world experience with this new treatment.

Methods

All patients with Crohn's disease suffering complex perianal fistulas who consecutively underwent administration of darvadstrocel at two centres were followed up and evaluated. Patients were assessed for clinical remission, response, failure, and any complications during follow‐up. The results of all patients with a minimum of 3 months’ follow‐up are presented.

Results

Thirty‐three patients with Crohn's disease and complex perianal fistulas were included. Of these, 20 (61%) experienced clinical remission that was maintained for a mean follow‐up of 14 (3–32) months. A total of 24 of 33 (73%) experienced at least 3 months of clinical remission, with four later having recurrence (3–12 months). Among the remaining nine patients who did not experience clinical remission, two (6%) had partial remission (such as one of two fistulas closing), two (6%) showed signs of response but not remission, and five (15%) showed no signs of healing. The mean time to maintained clinical remission was 6 weeks (range 2 weeks to 6 months), and there were no severe adverse events.

Conclusion

In this real‐world experience, treatment of Crohn's disease complex perianal fistulas with darvadstrocel had a 61% success rate for maintained clinical remission.
The search for enchantment in times of climate change: Religious or spiritual responses to climate crisis
Authors: Brissman Ive
Published: December 2023

Public discourse and political climate policymaking are based on scientific reports and propose technological solutions to solve the crisis, primarily by changing fossil fuels to renewable energy. Rather than questioning growth and the overuse of natural resources—which has been at the core of green concern for decades—green growth is the motor in an economy that aims for continuous economic spin, driven by new technological innovations that will enable us to go on as before, simply by replacing energy sources. It is no surprise that in such a discourse, the alternative voices—such as religious or spiritual responses—are left out, but to go from that and conclude that no such voices exist would be to rush to conclusions. I suggest that if we want to search for enchantment in times of climate change, we must look elsewhere. Searching for these voices means leaving the discourse framed by scientific rationalistic measurements because we can find an enchanted alter‐tale beyond this disenchanted tale. In this article, I account for voices from my field and answer the question: What motivates people to turn to spirituality in times of climate change?
Weight loss and treatment patterns in a real‐world population of adults receiving liraglutide 3.0 mg for weight management in routine clinical practice in Switzerland (ADDRESS study)
Authors: Schultes Bernd , Timper Katharina , Cavadini Gionata , Rüh Josefine , Gerber Philipp A.
Published: December 2023

Aim

To assess weight loss associated with liraglutide 3.0 mg treatment in individuals with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) or overweight (BMI > 27 to <30 kg/m2) in a reimbursed, real‐world setting in Switzerland.

Materials and Methods

ADDRESS was a non‐comparative, multicentre, retrospective exposure cohort study in Switzerland, examining weight loss in individuals with obesity or overweight whose treatment was reimbursed (divided into BMI subgroups) or non‐reimbursed. The primary outcomes were proportions of participants in the reimbursed cohort achieving predefined weight loss targets with liraglutide 3.0 mg at Week 16 (≥5% and ≥7% for the lower BMI [28 to <35 kg/m2 with weight‐related comorbidities] and higher BMI [≥35 kg/m2] subgroups, respectively) and Month 10 (additional ≥5% from Week 16; per Swiss reimbursement criteria).

Results

The full analysis set comprised 258 individuals (195 reimbursed; 63 non‐reimbursed). In the reimbursed cohort, 139 individuals (71.3%) achieved their weight loss targets at Week 16. Of individuals who met the Week‐16 criteria, 43.2% attained an additional 5% weight loss at Month 10. In 162 individuals for whom data were recorded at Month 10, the mean (standard deviation) relative weight loss from baseline to Month 10 was −12.4% (6.4%).

Conclusions

Although reimbursement criteria may be difficult to achieve, particularly the additional weight loss of 5% from Week 16 to Month 10, a clinically relevant overall weight loss from baseline to Month 10 was shown in most individuals with obesity or overweight who received liraglutide 3.0 mg.
Performance of Felixer devices when faced with captive‐held Spotted‐tailed Quolls: Do they pose a risk to an endangered marsupial carnivore?
Authors: Claridge Andrew W. , Ballard Guy A. , Luck Elliott A.G. , Fleming Peter J.S.
Published: December 2023

Feral Cats are widespread and common across Australia, preying upon a wide diversity and large quantity of vertebrates and invertebrates. Curbing their impacts demands developing new control methods, as existing techniques are only usually partially successful. One such new method is the Felixer, a device that uses a combination of sensors to differentiate Feral Cats from other fauna before delivering a toxic gel to the fur of its target. Subsequently, this gel is then groomed and ingested. Before the Felixer can be more widely adopted, however, it is important to understand its target specificity. In a series of pen trials, we examined the ability of Felixer devices to discriminate Spotted‐tailed Quolls, a cat‐sized marsupial carnivore high on the list of species of concern. Over several weeks, multiple Spotted‐tailed Quolls were each individually placed in pens with Felixers programmed in photograph only mode to take photographs only when sensors were triggered. Overall, there were almost 4000 detection events where Quolls passed in front of these devices and photographs taken. Nearly 1300 of these detections showed Quolls in a perpendicular or side‐on position, ideally placed for the Felixer sensor arrays. Despite this exposure, there were no instances where the Felixer devices indicated that they would have activated on Quolls, had they been in lethal mode. This finding adds to recently published work in Tasmania, that also showed Quolls were highly unlikely to be incorrectly identified. Nevertheless, further studies of non‐target discrimination by the Felixer device on other species of native wildlife is vital before they are made fully operational. This is particularly the case on the eastern seaboard of the country where the device has not yet been widely used and much remains to be learned about how they perform when faced with different species.
Decoding immunogenic cell death from a dendritic cell perspective
Authors: Janssens Sophie , Rennen Sofie , Agostinis Patrizia
Published: December 2023

Dendritic cells (DCs) are myeloid cells bridging the innate and adaptive immune system. By cross‐presenting tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) liberated upon spontaneous or therapy‐induced tumor cell death to T cells, DCs occupy a pivotal position in the cancer immunity cycle. Over the last decades, the mechanisms linking cancer cell death to DC maturation, have been the focus of intense research. Growing evidence supports the concept that the mere transfer of TAAs during the process of cell death is insufficient to drive immunogenic DC maturation unless this process is coupled with the release of immunomodulatory signals by dying cancer cells. Malignant cells succumbing to a regulated cell death variant called immunogenic cell death (ICD), foster a proficient interface with DCs, enabling their immunogenic maturation and engagement of adaptive immunity against cancer. This property relies on the ability of ICD to exhibit pathogen‐mimicry hallmarks and orchestrate the emission of a spectrum of constitutively present or de novo‐induced danger signals, collectively known as damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In this review, we discuss how DCs perceive and decode danger signals emanating from malignant cells undergoing ICD and provide an outlook of the major signaling and functional consequences of this interaction for DCs and antitumor immunity.
Do all job changes increase wellbeing?
Authors: Longhi Simonetta , Nandi Alita , Bryan Mark , Connolly Sara , Gedikli Cigdem
Published: December 2023

We provide a comprehensive framework, based on person–environment fit, for evaluating the relationship between types of job change and wellbeing, and estimate it using fixed‐effects methods applied to UK longitudinal data. Changing job is associated with large swings in job satisfaction, but not all job changes are equal. Changes in workplace are associated with increased job satisfaction only when they are associated with a change in job role. The largest associations are for changing employers. These associations extend beyond job satisfaction to mental health and, to a lesser extent, life satisfaction. Changes in broader wellbeing are especially pronounced for women.
Impact of antiviral therapy on short‐ and long‐term outcomes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after influenza infection
Authors: Wallick Christopher , To Tu My , Korom Stephan , Masters Henry , Wu Ning , Moawad Dalia , Hanania Nicola A.
Published: December 2023

Background

Respiratory complications often accompany influenza in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this retrospective study, we quantified the impact of antiviral therapy on exacerbations, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and costs in patients with COPD across 5 influenza seasons.

Methods

Using claims data from US MarketScan® databases, we identified patients with COPD who had an influenza diagnosis during the 2012–2016 influenza seasons. Patients who received a neuraminidase inhibitor within 48 h of diagnosis (N = 4134) were identified and propensity score–matched 1:1 to a comparator cohort of untreated patients. We determined COPD‐ and pneumonia‐related HRU and costs during month 1, each subsequent quarter, and months 2–13.

Results

Antiviral‐treated patients had a significantly lower frequency of COPD‐related outcomes than untreated patients during all periods (exacerbations: 10.4% vs 18.2% [month 1] and 17.7% vs 24.2% [months 2–13]; inpatient visit: 2.5% vs 7.9% [month 1] and 3.8% vs 6.7% [months 2–13]; P < 0.0001, all comparisons). Treated patients also had significantly lower outpatient and emergency department (ED) visits beyond month 1. Pneumonia‐related inpatient, ED, and outpatient visits were significantly lower in antiviral‐treated patients than in untreated patients over all periods (P < 0.0001, all comparisons). In all HRU categories, COPD‐ and pneumonia‐related costs were significantly lower in treated patients over all periods (month‐1 ED visit costs were higher).

Conclusions

Antiviral treatment in patients with COPD and influenza is associated with significantly lower HRU and costs in the postinfection month and for an entire year following infection compared with untreated patients.
In situ growth of CuO on porous geopolymer spheres as green catalysts for enhanced peroxymonosulfate‐activated degradation of Orange I
Authors: Li Weizhuo , Wang Liya , Bai Chengying , Ren Yueming , Colombo Paolo
Published: December 2023

In this study, in situ growth of CuO on the surface of porous geopolymer catalyst spheres (GC) was prepared through a simple method for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade Orange I (OI) in water. GC‐0.01 exhibited an excellent performance with more than 95% degradation of OI within 30 min. The effects of PMS concentrations, catalyst dosage, Cl−, HCO3−, and humic acid (HA) on OI degradation in the GC‐0.01/PMS system were systematically investigated. The study of the mechanism showed that PMS combined with the catalyst to generate complexes on the surface of the spheres, which could degrade OI through an electron transfer pathway. In addition, a variety of reactive oxygen species, mainly 1O2, were also present in the GC‐0.01/PMS system, which could also degrade OI. This work provides new insight into the application of oxide‐modified geopolymers in the activation of PMS for water purification applications.
Comparison of manual, machine learning, and hybrid methods for video annotation to extract parental care data
Authors: Chan Alex Hoi Hang , Liu Jingqi , Burke Terry , Pearse William D. , Schroeder Julia
Published: December 2023

Measuring parental care behaviour in the wild is central to the study of animal ecology and evolution, but it is often labour‐ and time‐intensive. Efficient open‐source tools have recently emerged that allow animal behaviour to be quantified from videos using machine learning and computer vision techniques, but there is limited appraisal of how these tools perform compared to traditional methods. To gain insight into how different methods perform in extracting data from videos taken in the field, we compared estimates of the parental provisioning rate of wild house sparrows Passer domesticus from video recordings. We compared four methods: manual annotation by experts, crowd‐sourcing, automatic detection based on the open‐source software DeepMeerkat, and a hybrid annotation method. We found that the data collected by the automatic method correlated with expert annotation (r = 0.62) and further show that these data are biologically meaningful as they predict brood survival. However, the automatic method produced largely biased estimates due to the detection of non‐visitation events, while the crowd‐sourcing and hybrid annotation produced estimates that are equivalent to expert annotation. The hybrid annotation method takes approximately 20% of annotation time compared to manual annotation, making it a more cost‐effective way to collect data from videos. We provide a successful case study of how different approaches can be adopted and evaluated with a pre‐existing dataset, to make informed decisions on the best way to process video datasets. If pre‐existing frameworks produce biased estimates, we encourage researchers to adopt a hybrid approach of first using machine learning frameworks to preprocess videos, and then to do manual annotation to save annotation time. As open‐source machine learning tools are becoming more accessible, we encourage biologists to make use of these tools to cut annotation time but still get equally accurate results without the need to develop novel algorithms from scratch.
The role of lipid dysregulation in gestational diabetes mellitus: Early prediction and postpartum prognosis
Authors: Zhang Ziyi , Zhou Zheng , Li Hong
Published: December 2023

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pathological condition during pregnancy characterized by impaired glucose tolerance, and the failure of pancreatic beta‐cells to respond appropriately to an increased insulin demand. However, while the majority of women with GDM will return to normoglycemia after delivery, they have up to a seven times higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes during midlife, compared with those with no history of GDM. Gestational diabetes mellitus also increases the risk of multiple metabolic disorders, including non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Lipid metabolism undergoes significant changes throughout the gestational period, and lipid dysregulation is strongly associated with GDM and the progression to future type 2 diabetes. In addition to common lipid variables, discovery‐based omics techniques, such as metabolomics and lipidomics, have identified lipid biomarkers that correlate with GDM. These lipid species also show considerable potential in predicting the onset of GDM and subsequent type 2 diabetes post‐delivery. This review aims to update the current knowledge of the role that lipids play in the onset of GDM, with a focus on potential lipid biomarkers or metabolic pathways. These biomarkers may be useful in establishing predictive models to accurately predict the future onset of GDM and type 2 diabetes, and early intervention may help to reduce the complications associated with GDM.
A survey on the cosmetic use of injectable polynucleotide: The pattern of practice among Korean Dermatologists
Authors: Rho Nark Kyoung , Han Kwang Ho , Cho Minah , Kim Hei Sung
Published: December 2023

Background

Skin boosters denote injectables that promote global improvement of the skin which includes skin texture, elasticity, hydration, and overall appearance. Polynucleotide (PN) products have become popular, but there is surprisingly little guidance on their use. We aimed to maximize the safety and efficacy of injectable PN by providing information on their pattern of practice among board‐certified dermatologists.

Methods

A total of 235 Korean board‐certified dermatologists familiar with skin boosters participated in a survey which questioned the participant's years of practice, selection of skin boosters in one's clinic, and range of lasers and light sources as well as skin care devices that are available. For those who use PN, one was asked to check all its aesthetic indications, mode of delivery, injection depth, treatment interval as well as options for combined therapy.

Results

Seventy‐one percent of the survey participants had at least 5 years of professional experience as a board‐certified dermatologist, and among the different skin boosters, 88% replied that they practiced PN injection. The top six indications for PN were fine lines on the cheek followed by infraorbital fine lines, periorbital fine lines, uneven skin texture, dry skin, and fine lines on the forehead. Many opted for a 33G needle and the serial puncture technique targeting the dermis. A total of three sessions of PN injection spaced 4 weeks apart is most often recommended. 79 percent of PN users blended PN injection with lasers and light therapy with the most popular being radiofrequency (non‐invasive, needle RF) and high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).

Conclusion

PN is a skin booster which is widely practiced among Korean dermatologists. According to our survey, the best indication of PN is facial fine lines, and as such PN injection is often repeated and combined with a variety of non‐surgical rejuvenation procedures. We hope our data help dermatologists better understand and utilize PN injection.
Patients' and Nurses' experiences of caring in nursing: An integrative literature review across clinical practices
Authors: Hynnekleiv Ingerd Irgens , Jensen Jørghild K. , Giske Tove , Lausund Hilde , Mæland Elisabeth , Heggdal Kristin
Published: December 2023

Aim

To summarise, interpret and synthesize research findings on patients' and nurses' experiences of caring in nursing across clinical practices.

Background

Caring is a universal element of nursing; however, economic restrictions often negatively impact health services, and time shortages and limited numbers of staff may characterize care encounters. It is unclear how these contextual conditions affect patients' and nurses' experiences of caring.

Design and Methods

This integrative literature review covers papers published between 2000 and 2022. Four databases—PubMed, PsycINFO (via Ovid), MEDLINE (via Ovid) and CINAHL (via EBSCO)—were systematically searched for eligible papers in May 2022. The included studies were critically appraised. Content analysis was performed to interpret and synthesize the findings. In accordance with the EQUATOR guidelines, the PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA‐S checklists were used. An Integrative review methodology guided the process.

Findings

In total, 33 studies were included in the review. Three themes captured the experiences of caring in nursing: (1) the complexity of the nursing care context, (2) the professionalism of the nurse, and (3) the trusting patient–nurse relationship.

Conclusion

The experience of caring in nursing depended on nurses' competence and discretion in the personal encounter framed by the nursing context. The caring relationship was based on reciprocity, but it remains asymmetrical, as the nurse had the power and responsibility to empower the patient. Barriers, such as increased demands for efficiency and resource scarcity, may hinder the experience of caring in nursing.

Implications for the profession and patient care

By promoting an ongoing discussion of caring in nursing, nurse management can systematically support nurses in reflecting on their practice in diverse and complex clinical contexts.

Patient or public contribution

No patient or public contribution was made due to the study design.
RAD‐seq data provide new insights into biogeography, diversity anomaly, and species delimitation in eastern Asian–North American disjunct clade Benthamidia of Cornus (Cornaceae)
Authors: Du Zhi‐Yuan , Cheng Jin , Xiang Qiu‐Yun (Jenny)
Published: December 2023

The big‐bracted dogwood clade Benthamidia of Cornus is a typical example of the well‐known eastern Asia (EA) and North America (NA) floristic disjunction, with greater species diversity in EA than in NA. The lineage provides an opportunity to explore factors contributing to the plant diversity unevenness between EA and NA and test hypotheses on the origin of disjunct distribution from a phylogenetic perspective. We generated RAD‐seq data, conducted phylogenomic and biogeographic analyses for the clade with sampling of all species (9) and subspecies (10) currently recognized in floras. We also assessed species delineation and calculated phylogenetic diversity to evaluate the diversity unevenness between EA and NA. Finally, we examined variation of diversification rates and ecological niches on the phylogeny to explore potential causes underlying the observed diversity pattern. Our results revealed phylogenetic relationships congruent with previous studies and suggested a trans‐Beringian ancestral distribution of the clade Benthamidia in the mid‐Oligocene, dispersal from Mexico to eastern United States in the mid‐Miocene, and early diversification of the EA clade in SW China. Our results also confirmed greater phylogenetic diversity and diversification rate of the EA clade. Species delimitation analysis suggested 17 species in the clade Benthamidia, including all recognized subspecies. By integrating the results of molecular data with morphology, we proposed to retain the subspecies without changing their ranks. Our data suggested increased diversification rate in EA as an intrinsic factor explaining the greater species diversity in the region driven mainly by biogeographic isolation and partially by niche divergence.
Metabolic syndrome risk among adolescents in the Deep South and the relationships with behavioral health, food insecurity, and physical activity
Authors: Duck Angela A. , Karimi Masoumeh , Watkins LaDaryl L. , Tacy Joseph W. , Savell Christy L. , Hall Katherine C.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

A combination of physical and psychosocial risk factors put adolescents at risk for poor cardiometabolic health and chronic disease burden, often recognized as metabolic syndrome. The purposes of this study were to (1) identify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome risk among adolescents, utilizing the metabolic syndrome severity index, and (2) determine the relationship between metabolic syndrome risk and behavioral health, food insecurity, and physical inactivity among adolescents.

Methods and Design

A cross‐sectional, descriptive, correlational design was deployed in an inner‐city high school in the Deep South. An 8‐month recruitment and enrollment period yielded a sample of 55 adolescents. A battery of measures included assessment of demographic data, anthropometric, cardiovascular, and psychosocial data. Utilizing these data elements, a progressive methodological approach was used to identify metabolic severity risk as a continuous variable for use in the adolescent population.

Results

All participants identified as African American/Black. Among them, 71% (N = 39) were female and an average age of 16 (SD = 1.3) years old, with 67.3% (N = 37) of the sample at risk for metabolic syndrome. There was not a statistically significant relationship between metabolic syndrome severity score and behavioral health risk, food insecurity, and physical inactivity in this sample.

Practice Implications

Future use of the continuous metabolic syndrome severity score may guide practice by utilizing longitudinal data to assess the trends of metabolic syndrome severity scores in relation to disease outcomes in adolescents. This may promote the identification of psychosocial and physical interrelationships with metabolic syndrome, thus improving overall health through the development of age‐appropriate interventions.
Aquaculture practices in Bangladesh: A synopsis on prospects, productivity, and problems
Authors: Samanta Chandan Chironjib Singha , Roy Puja
Published: December 2023

Aquaculture is one of the most prominent sectors of Bangladesh regarding nutrition, livelihood, and revenues. Although this nation has made promising improvements in aquaculture, several existing and imminent challenges can disrupt further development. Until now, no studies have extensively reviewed the existing aquaculture practices of this nation. Thus, this article elucidates the prospects, production, and problems of common aquaculture practices for the establishment of sustainable aquaculture in Bangladesh. The culture units are mainly natural bodies of water including earthen ponds, seasonal floodplains, baor, and gher. Although pond farming is the oldest and most dominant practice in this nation, the use of pen and cage cultures has also been intensified in the last decade. Regarding farmed fish species, indigenous major carps, exotic carps, tilapia, pangas catfish, and climbing perch are the major runners. Among crustaceans, giant freshwater prawns and tiger shrimp are the leading farmed species. Mud crab, biofloc, and seaweed farming are a growing focus that can evolve as artisanal and commercial‐scale farming practices in the near future. Major challenges that are potent enough to impede the establishment of viable aquaculture practices in Bangladesh are inadequate seed production, disease outbreaks, climate change, mediocre management practices, and limited mariculture propagations.