bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Normal Limit Laws for Vertex Degrees in Randomly Grown Hooking Networks and Bipolar Networks
Authors: Desmarais Colin , Holmgren Cecilia
Published: June 2020

We consider two types of random networks grown in blocks. Hooking networks are grown from a set of graphs as blocks, each with a labelled vertex called a hook. At each step in the growth of the network, a vertex called a latch is chosen from the hooking network and a copy of one of the blocks is attached by fusing its hook with the latch. Bipolar networks are grown from a set of directed graphs as blocks, each with a single source and a single sink. At each step in the growth of the network, an arc is chosen and is replaced with a copy of one of the blocks. Using Pólya urns, we prove normal limit laws for the degree distributions of both networks. We extend previous results by allowing for more than one block in the growth of the networks and by studying arbitrarily large degrees.
A Toeplitz Property of Ballot Permutations and Odd Order Permutations
Authors: Wang David G.L. , Zhang Jerry J.R.
Published: June 2020

We give a new semi-combinatorial proof for the equality of the number of ballot permutations of length $n$ and the number of odd order permutations of length $n$, which was originally proven by Bernardi, Duplantier and Nadeau. Spiro conjectures that the descent number of ballot permutations and certain cyclic weights of odd order permutations of the same length are equi-distributed. We present a bijection to establish a Toeplitz property for ballot permutations with any fixed number of descents, and a Toeplitz property for odd order permutations with any fixed cyclic weight. This allows us to refine Spiro's conjecture by tracking the neighbors of the largest letter in permutations.
A Note on the Hurwitz Action on Reflection Factorizations of Coxeter Elements in Complex Reflection Groups
Authors: Lewis Joel Brewster
Published: June 2020

We show that the Hurwitz action is "as transitive as possible" on reflection factorizations of Coxeter elements in the well-generated complex reflection groups $G(d,1,n)$ (the group of $d$-colored permutations) and $G(d,d,n)$.
A New Member of the Family: The Sojo International Learning Centre
Authors: Rowberry Jon
Published: June 2020

The Sojo International Learning Centre (SILC) is a new facility which has been developed jointly by Sojo University and the External Language Consultancy Centre (ELCC) based at Kanda University of International Studies (KUIS). This report aims to explain the rationale for the SILC project and to briefly outline the services offered by the centre before going on to describe some of the practical challenges that were encountered in getting the SILC up and running.
Principles and Procedures for Self-Access Materials
Authors: Tomlinson Brian
Published: June 2020

Like all language learning materials, self-access materials need to be developed from principles driven by what is known about the needs and wants of the target users. In my view, there should be a specification of universal principles, delivery specific principles, and local principles before deciding what self-access materials to develop and how to develop them. Universal principles are principles of language acquisition and development (Tomlinson, 2007a) which are applicable to all learners everywhere regardless of their age, level, objectives, and context of learning. Delivery specific principles are those which are peculiar to the means of delivering the materials (i.e. through self-access). Local principles are those which are peculiar to the specified target learners.
Self-Access Centers: Maximizing Learners’ Access to Center Resources
Authors: McMurry Benjamin L. , Tanner Mark W. , Anderson Neil J.
Published: June 2020

Although some students have discovered how to use self-access centers effectively, the majority appear to be unaware of available resources. A website and database of materials were created to help students locate materials and use the Self-Access Study Center (SASC) at Brigham Young University’s English Language Center (ELC) more effectively. Students took two surveys regarding their use of the SASC. The first survey was given before the website and database were made available. A second survey was administered 12 weeks after students had been introduced to the resource. An analysis of the data shows that students tend to use SASC resources more autonomously as a result of having a web-based database. The survey results suggest that SAC managers can encourage more autonomous use of center materials by provided a website and database to help students find appropriate materials to use to learn English.
Learning Strategy Sheets: Supporting Advisors and Learners
Authors: Thornton Katherine
Published: June 2020

Learning advisors working at Kanda University of International Studies (KUIS) in Japan are available for consultation on language learning matters with any students, who are all language majors, or members of staff who would like some assistance with their language learning. Consultations with advisors are entirely voluntary and take place predominantly in English, the working language of the Self Access Learning Centre (SALC), and the L2 of most of our students. Learners may either reserve a 30 minute session with an advisor of their choice, or visit the Learning Help Desk in the SALC, which is manned throughout the day by one of our 9 full-time advisors.
The L2 Passionate Interactional Imperative (for short “The L2 Pie”): It’s Hot or It’s Not!
Authors: Murphey Tim
Published: June 2020

At the American Association of Applied Linguistics (AAAL) 2011 conference, John Schumann described how Lee, Dina, Joaquin, Mates & Schumann’s (2010) interactional instinct unfolds between infants and caregivers such that learning an L1 is assured in normal development through emotional bonding between infants and caregivers which is substantiated by motivation, proficiency, and opportunities (all co-constructing concepts). In subsequent second language learning at an older age, these three characteristics are not environmentally and contextually assured, and this seems to account for a great part of the shortcomings of much of the late-L2 instruction in the world (Lee, Dina, Joaquin, Mates & Schumann, 2010).
Blogging in the Target Language: Review of the “Lang-8” Online Community
Authors: Bündgens-Kosten Judith
Published: June 2020

Progress in language learning can be framed as the development of skills in four domains: reading, speaking, writing, and listening. While material to improve reading and listening skills is fairly easy to find, practicing productive skills outside the formal classroom can be more difficult. Computer-based trainings attempt to incorporate elements of language production – but often with limited success (Schlickau, 2009). Theoretically, language learners can just join online communities in their target language: forums, chats, etc. exist on nearly every imaginable topic. For beginners and intermediate level learners however, such a step can be intimidating. They might wish to practice their written English, French, Japanese or Tagalog, but may not feel ready to ‘mingle among the natives’ online. Language learning communities can serve as a stepping stone for these learners. They offer protected environments where learners can interact in the target language, but under the tacit understanding that they do not need to reach a specific language level to be accepted as valued members of the community.
Directorate of Security Intelligence based on Organization Structure and Work Procedure of the Regional Police
Authors: Sampara Said , Qamar Nurul , Syalman Arri Abdi
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the function of the Directorate of Security Intelligence based on Organization Structure and Work Procedure of the South Sulawesi Regional Police. This research was conducted in South Sulawesi Province, with 92 respondents. Data analysis in this study uses a qualitative approach, which processes the output of the questionnaire, and is presented in the form of frequency tabulation (F) and percentage distribution (%). The results of this study show that the effectiveness of the function of the Directorate of Security Intelligence based on Organization Structure and Work Procedure of the South Sulawesi Regional Police, can be assessed from seven tasks, including: Directorate of Security Intelligence (Ditintelkam); Planning and Administration Subdivisions (Subbagrenmin); Analysis Divisions (Baganalisis); Administrative Services Section (Siyanmin); Intelligence Technology Section (Sitekintel); Coding Section (Sisandi); and Subdirectorate (Subdit). Research data from the overall function of the Directorate of Security Intelligence in South Sulawesi Regional Police shows less effective results. Seriousness is needed in increasing the effectiveness of the Directorate of Security Intelligence in South Sulawesi Regional Police to realize public order security.
Protective Role of Vernonia Amygdalina Leaf Aqueous Extract Against Neomycin-Induced Hair Cell Damage in Transgenic Zebrafish
Authors: Hsu Chia-Fang , Yang Fu-An , Liu Shih-Chuan , Li Shuan-Yow , Song Hao-Wei , Liang Zeng-Chin , Yang Jiann-Jou
Published: June 2020

Aminoglycoside treatment increases the loss of hair cells in the inner ear. Once the hair cells are lost, they are unable to regenerate spontaneously, and the resulting hearing loss is profound and irreversible in humans. The aqueous extract from the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina has been reported to have antioxidant properties. In this study, we evaluated whether the aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf could protect hair cells from aminoglycoside-induced damage using a transgenic zebrafish line. Our results showed that the EC50 of 1,1-Diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate), a measure of antioxidant capacity, of the aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf was 11.31 mg/mL and 2.73 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the total phenolic and flavonoids contents were 11.48 ŷ 3.12 mg gallic acid/g and 6.89 ŷ 0.65 mg catechin/g, respectively. In the toxicology study, the larval survival rate was significantly decreased and was dependent on the dosage of aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf, whereas it had no significant toxicity at doses below 2.5 mg/mL concentration (survival rate = 100%). Furthermore, a hair cell survival study shows that aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf decreased neomycin-induced hair cell death in a dose-dependent manner (survival rate = ∼94.1 ŷ 3.1% at 2 mg/mL concentration). Overall, these results suggest that the aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf possess the antioxidant effect and protects against hair cell loss caused by toxic side effects of neomycin. An optimal aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf can be consumed as an herbal medicine without probable toxicity to body tissues and organs.
The Effects of Tandem Stance Therapy on the Risk of Falling in the Elderly
Authors: Astriani Ni Made Dwi Yunica , Dewi Putu Indah Sintya , Yudiastu I Putu Indra , Putra Made Mahaguna
Published: June 2020

Abstract: Tandem Stance Therapy is a therapy that is usually given to the elderly who are at risk of falling. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of tandem stance therapy on the risk of falling in the elderly in Giri Emas Village, Sawan District, Buleleng Regency. The research design was pre-experimental with one group pretest post-test design approach with a sample of 64 respondents selected using simple random sampling technique. Data collection was performed using the Morse Fall Scale (MFS) questionnaire. This study uses the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that the pre-test means value was 2.41 and the post-test score was 2.27. Wilcoxon test results obtained pretest and posttest (0.003) <α (0.05). It was concluded that there was an influence of Tandem Stance Therapy on Falling Risk in the Elderly in Giri Emas Village, Sawan District, Buleleng Regency.
Peer Education Meningkatkan Perilaku dalam Mencegah Penularan Tuberkulosis Paru pada Keluarga
Authors: Rahayu Sunarsih , Happy Patriyani Ros Endah
Published: June 2020

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is an important public health problem in the world. In 1992, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared pulmonary tuberculosis as a "global emergency". Indonesia is committed to ending pulmonary tuberculosis as a "public health problem" in 2030. Peer education is the proper media and method to provide counseling on prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis transmission. This study was conducted to determine the effect of peer education on behavior change in preventing pulmonary tuberculosis transmission in families of ​ Sibela and Sangkrah Health Center’s work area in Surakarta. Methods:  This research is a quasi-experimental study with pre post-test control group design. Data analysis using dependent t-test and independent t-test. Results: The results of the dependent t test in the intervention group showed p-value = 0,000 on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior, while the control group showed results p-value = 0.003 on knowledge, p-value = 0.057 on attitudes, and p-value = 0.004 on behavior. Independent t test shows the results of p-value = 0,000 in knowledge, p-value = 0.002 in attitudes, and p-value = 0.778 in behavior. Conclusion: Based upon these results it can be concluded that there is an influence of peer education on changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in pulmonary tuberculosis transmission prevention, as well as differences in knowledge and attitudes, but there is no difference in behavior between respondents with and without peer education.
The Voice of the Southern Diaspora: Muddy Waters and the Multi-Layered Influences Associated with the Diffusion of Blues Culture
Authors: Strait John Byron
Published: June 2020

This paper focuses on the dynamic nature of the Southern Diaspora, the twentieth-century mass migration of African-Americans in United States from the rural south to the urban north and west. The significant migratory links between the Mississippi Delta and Chicago, Illinois, and the influences it had on the larger diaspora, are emphasized. The music of famed blues artist Muddy Waters is used as a lens to demonstrate both the causes and the significant impacts of this diaspora. By exploring the multi-layered circuitry of change associated with the evolution and diffusion of Delta blues music, this paper reveals the transnational and transcultural dimensions of the Southern Diaspora.
La paz como símbolo: El caso de los diálogos de paz dentro del conflicto armado colombiano
Authors: Segovia-Nieto Laura , Ramírez-Velandia Andrés , Osorio-Rojas Solangy
Published: June 2020

La firma del acuerdo de paz con las FARCEP, así como la implementación del acuerdo allí firmado, ha suscitado desconfianza, polarización y animadversiones entre los colombianos. Mientras algunos sectores acadmicos del país están concentrados en abordar la paz desde sus elementos jurídicos y legislativos, las ciencias humanas, en especial la psicología, están llamadas a comprender, construir y reconstruir el tejido social, la memoria histórica y todas aquellas dinámicas culturales propias de este momento. Así, con el objetivo de analizar el papel que han cumplido y seguirán cumpliendo las construcciones simbólicas alrededor de la paz, el presente artículo rescata la teoría del símbolo de Ernest Cassirer y Paul Ricoeur como punto de referencia para comprender el símbolo y su papel a la hora de dar sentido al pasado y construir futuro. Bajo este análisis se puede observar cómo, a través de los diferentes diálogos con las FARC-EP, el símbolo de paz en Colombia, se ha cargado de significados asociados a la división, ingenuidad, desconfianza y exclusión. En este sentido, el éxito a la hora de implementar los acuerdos y construir una paz estable y duradera debería radicar, en gran medida, en la capacidad de los colombianos de construir y reconstruir un tejido simbólico capaz de resistirse a la segregación o polarización política que lo ha marcado.
Construyendo Memoria Histórica Desde la violencia social a través del acompañamiento psicosocial
Authors: Morris-Camacho Juliana Valentina , Oquendo-Rojas William , Prieto-Alejo M. Andrea , Vega-Diaz H. Valentina , Zambrano-Amador Vicenta
Published: June 2020

La violencia política enmarcada en el conflicto armado interno, ha sido usada de manera simbólica para permear los conflictos cotidianos que se desarrollan en las zonas urbanas del país. Desde esta mirada, reflexionamos sobre el acompañamiento psicosocial como herramienta para construir memoria histórica de la Violencia en los barrios del Centro Oriente de Bogotá, específicamente en la zona alta de la localidad Santa Fe; esto enmarcado en el Programa Memorias de Barrio de la Corporación Cultural Hatuey, que se ha convertido en valioso aporte a la reconstrucción del tejido social, ya que éste ha sufrido una ruptura como consecuencia de los hechos violentos que han acabado con la vida de aproximadamente 300 jóvenes habitantes del sector. De esta manera el acompañamiento psicosocial que se plantea desde el Programa, ha tenido como objetivo resignificar la vida de estas personas fallecidas en hechos violentos junto a sus familias y restablecer la integridad emocional de las mismas. Por tal motivo, será importante ampliar las miradas sobre las afectaciones que ha dejado el conflicto armado y las múltiples violencias en los barrios populares de las ciudades del país.
Estrategias de afrontamiento y resiliencia en adultos mayores víctimas del conflicto armado
Authors: Cerquera Córdoba Ara Mercedes , Matajira Camacho Yeferson Jahir , Romero Gutiérrez Karenth Lorena , Peña Peña Arbey Jair
Published: June 2020

Se planteó como objetivo identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento y el nivel de resiliencia de una muestra de 60 adultos mayores víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano, se desarrolló un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo no experimental, de alcance descriptivo transversal, con muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la escala de estrategias de afrontamiento-modificada (EEC-M) y la escala de resiliencia de Wagnild y Young adaptada por Novella (1993). En los resultados se encontró que las estrategias de afrontamiento mayormente implementadas fueron la religión, solución de problemas, evitación emocional y reevaluación positiva; mientras que las de menor uso fueron reacción agresiva, búsqueda de apoyo social, búsqueda de apoyo profesional, evitación cognitiva, negación, autonomía, espera y expresión de la dificultad de afrontamiento. En relación con la variable resiliencia, se confirman altos niveles en la muestra. Como conclusión, se puede señalar que las estrategias de mayor uso en la muestra están centradas en el esfuerzo por manejar y regular la carga emocional que trae consigo la experiencia del conflicto armado. No obstante, la falta de estrategias de tipo activo como la búsqueda de apoyo social y profesional pueden convertirse en un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de patologías de salud mental asociadas a eventos traumáticos y estresores. Respecto a los niveles de resiliencia encontrados se puede referir que, aunque esta característica personológica puede considerarse un factor protector presente en la muestra, no debe desconocerse a la hora de trabajar con esta población en programas de promoción, atención y prevención de la salud mental.
El arte y la palabra como dispositivo narrativo en estrategias pedagógicas para la formación de psicólogos en el posconflicto
Authors: Galeano Amaya Adriana Marcela , Galindo Ubaque Adrián David
Published: June 2020

El propósito del presente artículo es generar un diálogo epistémico de la práctica pedagógica como escenario de reflexión para el agenciamiento político del psicólogo en formación en una postura crítica sobre la historia del conflicto colombiano, la reconstrucción de la memoria colectiva y la emergencia de prácticas cotidianas para la paz en el marco del posconflicto. Esto se establece con respecto al momento histórico, social y político que atraviesa Colombia, luego de la firma de los acuerdos de paz y el rol de la academia desde sus prácticas cotidianas movilizadas en el aula a partir de los principios metodológicos; la contextualidad y reflexividad de la investigación cualitativa de segundo orden enmarcan una acción ética en el trabajo pedagógico y comunitario. Se llevó a cabo una sistematización de experiencias sobre procesos pedagógicos cuyo objetivo general fue favorecer escenarios de paz desde las prácticas cotidianas en conexión con la academia, siendo el arte y la palabra dispositivos narrativos. Frente a los resultados fue posible la configuración de dispositivos narrativos por medio del arte y la palabra para la emergencia del sujeto político desde el aula, lo que fomentó escenarios de paz desde lo cotidiano. Finalmente, dadas las condiciones de violencia del país, los murales artísticos, el performance y la investigación formativa en el aula se convierten en medios narrativos para la construcción de la memoria colectiva, la elaboración del dolor y la gestión del perdón.
Adaptación de la escala MAPE II al contexto colombiano
Authors: Reyes Molina Iván Yesid
Published: June 2020

La investigación tiene por objetivo realizar la adaptación de la escala MAPE II al contexto colombiano. La metodología fue cuantitativa con un diseño de tipo instrumental. La población estuvo conformada por estudiantes de instituciones públicas de la ciudad de Arauca - Colombia. La muestra estuvo conformada por 800 estudiantes entre los 15 y 18 años de edad. La confiabilidad por medio de K de Richardson presenta un buen ajuste. Se garantizó la validez por medio de un análisis factorial confirmatorio. La versión definitiva para Colombia queda en 50 ítems. Se concluye que existen suficientes pruebas estadísticas para aplicar el instrumento en el contexto colombiano.
Heritage monitoring and surveillance using Sentinel satellite data in the Lower Alentejo (Portugal)
Authors: Davies Steffan , Correia Martino , Cabral Ricardo
Published: June 2020

In this article, the potential of Satellite Remote Sensing (SRS) for large-scale monitoring of archaeological sites is analysed. This analysis focuses on the Portuguese Lower Alentejo region, where multiple sites have been destroyed over the last years, mainly due to intensive agriculture. The development of a surveillance system based on data from the Sentinel 1 and Sentinel 2 satellite constellations, named SENSEOS, had its pilot application in this region during the first half of 2019. In a vast region where authorities lacked the proper resources to timely detect events endangering the integrity of heritage sites, this system tried to overcome these issues. By using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical data, it was possible to detect such events through a technique labelled Normalized Difference Amplitude Index (NDAI). The identification of these changes on the surface, associated with potentially destructive events, contributed to minimize the damage and destruction of archaeological sites.
Solution of problem of returning to the starting point of autonomously flying UAV by visual navigation
Authors: Zhuk R. S. , Zalesky B. A. , Trotski Ph. S.
Published: June 2020

An autonomous visual navigation algorithm is considered, designed for “home“ return of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with on-board video camera and on-board computer, out of GPS and GLONASS navigation signals. The proposed algorithm is similar to the well-known visual navigation algorithms such as V-SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) and visual odometry, however, it differs in separate implementation of mapping and localization processes. It calculates the geographical coordinates of the features on the frames taken by on-board video camera during the flight from the start point until the moment of GPS and GLONASS signals loss. After the loss of the signal the return mission is launched, which provides estimation of the position of UAV relatively the map created by previously found features. Proposed approach does not require such complex calculations as V-SLAM and does not accumulate errors over time, in contrast to visual odometry and traditional methods of inertial navigation. The algorithm was implemented and tested with use of DJI Phantom 3 Pro quadcopter.
Voice activity detection in noisy conditions using tiny convolutional neural network
Authors: Vashkevich R. S. , Azarov E. S.
Published: June 2020

The paper investigates the problem of voice activity detection from a noisy sound signal. An extremely compact convolutional neural network is proposed. The model has only 385 trainable parameters. Proposed model doesn’t require a lot of computational resources that allows to use it as part of the “internet of things” concept for compact low power devices. At the same time the model provides state of the art results in voice activity detection in terms of detection accuracy. The properties of the model are achieved by using a special convolutional layer that considers the harmonic structure of vocal speech. This layer also eliminates redundancy of the model because it has invariance to changes of fundamental frequency. The model performance is evaluated in various noise conditions with different signal-to-noise ratios. The results show that the proposed model provides higher accuracy compared to voice activity detection model from the WebRTC framework by Google.
A CASE STUDY OF AN EXPANSION OF INDIAN FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS EAST ASIA: LOOK EAST POLICY TO ACT EAST POLICY
Authors: Kotecha Kashyap , Khatik Mukesh
Published: June 2020

Foreign policies of the Nation-States being corrected continuously, especially
after the Post - Cold war multipolar scenario. India’s partnership with SouthEast Asian Nation-States is a Post – Cold war story. The era of globalisation impels India as well as ASEAN countries to explore opportunities for mutual economic and strategic benefits, as a result of that India adopted the Look East Policy during 1990. Look East Policy being implemented successfully by successive governments.
Meanwhile, China is being emerged as a global economic superpower in the last two decades. Due to the rise of Chinese hegemony in the South-East Indian and Indo-Pacific region compel India and other stack holder countries to reshape their foreign policies according to time, to serve their national interests. Consequently, the last Indian Government redefined and renamed the Look East policy to Act East Policy. One could say it as an updated version of Look East policy. In earlier episode policy was limited to South East Asia while in next episode focus of the policy is on whole East Asia. Also, the scope of Look East policy was idealistic and economic-centred, while the scope of the Act East Policy is realistic and vast. The newly emerged Act East Policy has an extra
strategic edge over previous Look East Policy, the newer version is multidimensional, and it inculcates the strategic vision like the balance of power in East Asia, national interest and security-related issues in addition to the economic vision. Indeed, the nature of foreign policy always should be dynamic rather than static; hence, the Indian foreign policy is being transformed continuously as per the requirement of the time.
THE IMPORTANCE OF NANO BIOSENSORS AND ETHICAL ELEMENTS IN SPORTS PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Authors: AKPINAR KOCAKULAK Neşe , SAYGIN Ali Sabahattin
Published: June 2020

Performance analysis is an indispensable element for elite sports success. Coaches and teams are constantly striving for ways to improve and maximize their performance. Effective use of performance analysis enables tactical, decision making, better athletic confidence and improvement of reflective coaching technique. Performance analysis is required for coaches and athletes to ensure consistent success rates, especially at elite levels. Although performance analysis seems necessary in elite sports, we should recognize the benefits and disadvantages associated with the individual athlete and sports system that regulate their distribution for their use. These are a new technology, nanobiosensor, a concept that combines biomedical field with sports engineering and nanotechnology and ethically addresses future performance analysis in sports. In this study, this concept is discussed. This innovative technology has the potential to revolutionize sports and enables athletes to collect real-time biological data electronically. Affinity-based nanobiosensors have also been taken into consideration in sports medicine and doping control analysis because they are cheap and easy-to-use, yet selectively analytical devices. Allows the use of the same sensor for multiple analyzes. At the same time, nanobiosensors can contribute to filling an important information gap about complementary evidence from their “on-site” use and pre-selecting the risk population of individuals to be targeted for a complete antidoping test; In sports medicine, they can contribute to obtaining analytical knowledge of physiological relevance from measurement of specific parameters or markers before, during and after physical exercise. However, as with many technologies, this technology may have undesirable uses. These unwanted uses are; data ownership and privacy may affect data privacy and well-being of athletes. While the use of nanobiosensors in sports analysis in the future offers many potential benefits, there is also a concern that they can be abused. For this reason, it is essential for sports organizations to consider the development of a sound, ethically informed governance framework before their increased use. Thus, the value of sports and athletes will become more prominent. For this reason, it is very important for athletes and their regulators to develop measures to ethically integrate this technology into sports.
Infrastructural Resources Managerial Practices of Principals for the Implementation of Entrepreneurship Studies in Public and Private Secondary School in Anambra State
Authors: Uzoamaka Emegwa Tina
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate principals’ infrastructural resources managerial practices for the implementation of entrepreneurship studies in public and private secondary school in Anambra State. One research question and one null hypothesis guided the study. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study which was conducted in public and private secondary school in Anambra State. The population for this study is 16,727 respondents while the sample size for this study is 1,332 respondents drawn from public and private secondary schools in Anambra state using simple random sampling technique balloting with replacement. A researcher-developed instrument was the instrument for data collection. The validity and reliability of the instrument were determined. The Cronbach reliability co-efficient of 0.82 was obtained for the instrument. The researcher assisted by six research assistants who are teachers in the state administered the instrument. Mean scores were used to answer the research question while t- test was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. Findings indicated that principals and teachers in public and private secondary schools do not differ significantly in their mean ratings on infrastructural resources managerial practices for the implementation of entrepreneurship studies in Anambra State
SMART TECHNOLOGIES AND SOCIAL MEDIA IN BUSINESS
Authors: Nedvecki Valdemar , Smaliukienė Rasa
Published: June 2020

In the following article “Smart Technologies and Social Media in Business” is examined how rapid growth of everyday technologies during 21st century has changed user experiences, how business was forced to react and how would we could describe relationship of business and user nowadays. Theoretical and historical information is expanded with quantitative research with the purpose to look how previously mentioned changes influenced business. In these researches are used TOPSIS and EDAS method of evaluation, which showed that not only good financial indicators, but user engagement creates a successful environment for business. The results show that it is often assumed incorectly that the company with the highest turnover is well known and most effecient in creating corporate awareness. While assesing four multinational corporations we found that social media, rather than sales or advertising spend, was a decisive factor in corporate awareness. These results can be used as a basis for planning business investment in technology and marketing campaigns.
Evidence for Resonance Scattering in the X-Ray Grating Spectrum of the Supernova Remnant N49
Authors: Amano Yuki , Uchida Hiroyuki , Tanaka Takaaki , Gu Liyi , Tsuru Takeshi Go
Published: June 2020

Resonance scattering (RS) is an important process in astronomical objects, because it affects measurements of elemental abundances and distorts surface brightness of the object. It is predicted that RS can occur in plasmas of supernova remnants (SNRs). Although several authors reported hints of RS in SNRs, no strong observational evidence has been established so far. We perform a high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the SNR N49 with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer on board XMM-Newton. The Reflection Grating Spectrometer spectrum of N49 shows a high G-ratio of O vii Heα lines as well as O viii Lyβ/α and Fe xvii (3s–2p)/(3d–2p) ratios, which cannot be explained by the emission from a thin thermal plasma. These line ratios can be well explained by the effect of RS. Our result implies that RS has a large impact particularly on a measurement of the oxygen abundance.
New Radio Constraints on the Obscured Star Formation Rates of Massive GRB Hosts at Redshifts 2–3.5
Authors: Gatkine Pradip , Vogel Stuart , Veilleux Sylvain
Published: June 2020

It is not clear whether gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are unbiased tracers of cosmic star formation at z > 2. Since dusty starburst galaxies are significant contributors to the cosmic star formation at these redshifts, they should form a major part of the GRB host population. However, recent studies at z ≤ 2 have shown that the majority of the star formation activity in GRB hosts is not obscured by dust. Here, we investigate the galaxy-scale dust obscuration in z ∼ 2–3.5 GRB hosts preselected to have high-resolution, high signal-to-noise afterglow spectra in the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) and thus relatively low line-of-sight dust obscuration. We present new deep Very Large Array observations of four GRB hosts, and compare the radio-based (upper limits on the) total star formation rates (SFRs) to the unobscured SFRs derived from fits to the optical-UV spectral energy distribution. The fraction of the total SFR that is obscured by dust in these galaxies is found to be <90% in general, and ≲50% for GRB 021004 in particular. These observations suggest that z ∼ 2–3.5 GRBs with UV-unobscured sightlines originate in star-forming galaxies with low overall dust obscuration, unlike the dusty starburst population.
Radio Observations of Two Intermittent Pulsars: PSRs J1832+0029 and J1841−0500
Authors: Wang S. Q. , Wang J. B. , Hobbs G. , Zhang S. B. , Shannon R. M. , Dai S. , Hollow R. , Kerr M. , Ravi V. , Wang N. , Zhang L.
Published: June 2020

We present long-term observations of two intermittent pulsars, PSRs J1832+0029 and J1841−0500, using the Parkes 64 m radio telescope. The radio emission for these pulsars switches off for year-long durations. Our new observations have enabled us to improve the determination of the on–off timescales and the spin-down rates during those emission states. In general our results agree with previous studies of these pulsars, but we now have significantly longer data spans. We have identified two unexpected signatures in the data. Weak emission was detected in a single observation of PSR J1832+0029 during an off emission state. For PSR J1841−0500, we identified a quasi-periodic fluctuation in the intensities of the detectable single pulses, with a modulation period between 21 and 36 pulse periods.
Tidal Inflation Reconciles Low-density Sub-Saturns with Core Accretion
Authors: Millholland Sarah , Petigura Erik , Batygin Konstantin
Published: June 2020

While the solar system contains no planets between the sizes of Uranus and Saturn, our current exoplanet census includes several dozen such planets with well-measured masses and radii. These sub-Saturns exhibit a diversity of bulk densities, ranging from ∼0.1 to 3 g cm−3. When modeled simply as hydrogen/helium envelopes atop rocky cores, this diversity in densities translates to a diversity in planetary envelope fractions, f
env = M
env/M

p
, ranging from ∼10% to ∼50%. Planets with f
env ≈ 50% pose a challenge to traditional models of giant planet formation by core-nucleated accretion, which predict the onset of runaway gas accretion when M
env ∼ M
core. Here, we show that many of these apparent f
env ≈ 50% planets are less envelope-rich than they seem, after accounting for tidal heating. We present a new framework for modeling sub-Saturn interiors that incorporates envelope inflation due to tides, which are driven by the observed nonzero eccentricities, as well as potential obliquities. Consequently, when we apply our models to known sub-Saturns, we infer lower f
env than tides-free estimates. We present a case study of K2-19 b, a moderately eccentric sub-Saturn. Neglecting tides, K2-19 b appears to have f
env ≈ 50%, poised precariously near the runaway threshold; by including tides, however, we find f
env ≈ 10%, resolving the tension. Through a systematic analysis of 4–8 R
⊕ planets, we find that most (but not all) of the similarly envelope-rich planets have more modest envelopes of f
env ≈ 10%–20%. Thus, many sub-Saturns may be understood as sub-Neptunes that have undergone significant radius inflation, rather than a separate class of objects. Tidally induced radius inflation likely plays an important role in other size classes of planets including ultra-low-density Jupiter-size planets like WASP-107 b.
Dissecting the Strong-lensing Galaxy Cluster MS 0440.5+0204. I. The Mass Density Profile
Authors: Verdugo Tomás , Carrasco Eleazar R. , Foëx Gael , Motta Verónica , Gomez Percy L. , Limousin Marceau , Magaña Juan , de Diego José A.
Published: June 2020

We present a parametric strong-lensing modeling of the galaxy cluster MS 0440.5+0204 (located at z = 0.19). We have performed a strong-lensing mass reconstruction of the cluster using three different models. The first model uses the image positions of four multiply imaged systems (providing 26 constraints). The second one combines strong-lensing constraints with dynamical information (velocity dispersion) of the cluster. The third one uses the mass calculated from weak lensing as an additional constraint. Our three models reproduce equally well the image positions of the arcs, with an rms image equal to ≈0.″5. However, in the third model, the inclusion of the velocity dispersion and the weak-lensing mass allows us to obtain better constraints in the scale radius and the line-of-sight velocity dispersion of the mass profile. For this model, we obtain r

s
 = 

kpc,

km s−1, M
200 = 

×1014

, and a high concentration c
200 =

. Finally, we used our derived mass profile to calculate the mass up to 1.5 Mpc. We compare it with X-ray estimates previously reported, finding a good agreement.
Fast Radio Bursts from Reconnection in a Magnetar Magnetosphere
Authors: Lyubarsky Yuri
Published: June 2020

The nearly 100% linear polarization has been reported for a few fast radio bursts (FRBs). This finding places severe limits on the emission mechanism. I argue that the completely polarized radiation could be generated in the course of relativistic magnetic reconnection in the outer magnetosphere of the magnetar. At the onset of the magnetar flare, a large-scale magnetic perturbation forms a magnetic pulse, which propagates from the flare cite outward. The pulse strongly compresses magnetospheric plasma and pushes it away. The high-frequency MHD waves are generated when the magnetic pulse reaches the current sheet separating, just beyond the light cylinder, the oppositely directed magnetic fields. Coalescence of magnetic islands in the reconnecting current sheet produces magnetosonic waves, which propagate away on the top of the magnetic pulse and escape in the far zone of the wind as radio waves polarized along the rotational axis of the magnetar. I estimate parameters of the outgoing radiation and show that they are compatible with the observed properties of FRBs.
Credit Lost: Two Decades of Software Citation in Astronomy
Authors: Bouquin Daina R. , Chivvis Daniel A. , Henneken Edwin , Lockhart Kelly , Muench August , Koch Jennifer
Published: June 2020

Software has been a crucial contributor to scientific progress in astronomy for decades, but practices that enable machine-actionable citations have not been consistently applied to software itself. Instead, software citation behaviors developed independently from standard publication mechanisms and policies, resulting in human-readable citations that remain hidden over time and that cannot represent the influence software has had in the field. These historical software citation behaviors need to be understood in order to improve software citation guidance and develop relevant publishing practices that fully support the astronomy community. To this end, a 23 year retrospective analysis of software citation practices in astronomy was developed. Astronomy publications were mined for 410 aliases associated with nine software packages and analyzed to identify past practices and trends that prevent software citations from benefiting software authors.
SPECULATOR: Emulating Stellar Population Synthesis for Fast and Accurate Galaxy Spectra and Photometry
Authors: Alsing Justin , Peiris Hiranya , Leja Joel , Hahn ChangHoon , Tojeiro Rita , Mortlock Daniel , Leistedt Boris , Johnson Benjamin D. , Conroy Charlie
Published: June 2020

We present speculator—a fast, accurate, and flexible framework for emulating stellar population synthesis (SPS) models for predicting galaxy spectra and photometry. For emulating spectra, we use a principal component analysis to construct a set of basis functions and neural networks to learn the basis coefficients as a function of the SPS model parameters. For photometry, we parameterize the magnitudes (for the filters of interest) as a function of SPS parameters by a neural network. The resulting emulators are able to predict spectra and photometry under both simple and complicated SPS model parameterizations to percent-level accuracy, giving a factor of 103–104 speedup over direct SPS computation. They have readily computable derivatives, making them amenable to gradient-based inference and optimization methods. The emulators are also straightforward to call from a GPU, giving an additional order of magnitude speedup. Rapid SPS computations delivered by emulation offers a massive reduction in the computational resources required to infer the physical properties of galaxies from observed spectra or photometry and simulate galaxy populations under SPS models, while maintaining the accuracy required for a range of applications.
A Systematic Search for the Reddest Far-infrared and Submillimeter Galaxies: Revealing Dust-embedded Starbursts at High Redshifts
Authors: Yan Haojing , Ma Zhiyuan , Huang Jia-Sheng , Fan Lulu
Published: June 2020

We present the results of our systematic search for the reddest far-infrared (FIR) and submillimeter (sub-mm) galaxies using the data from the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) and the SCUBA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey (S2CLS). The red FIR galaxies are “500 μm risers,” whose spectral energy distributions increase with wavelength across the three FIR passbands of the Spectral and Photometric Imaging REceiver (SPIRE) of Herschel. Within 106.5 deg2 of the HerMES fields, we have selected 629 500 μm risers. The red sub-mm galaxies are “SPIRE drop-outs,” which are prominent detections in the S2CLS 850 μm data but are extremely weak or invisible in the SPIRE bands. Within the 2.98 deg2 common area of HerMES and S2CLS, we have selected 95 such objects. These very red sources could be dusty starbursts at high redshifts (z ≳ 4–6) because the peak of their cold-dust emission heated by star formation is shifted to the reddest FIR/sub-mm bands. The surface density of 500 μm risers is ∼8.2 deg−2 at the ≥20 mJy level in 500 μm, while that of SPIRE drop-outs is ∼19.3 deg−2 at the ≥5 mJy level in 850 μm. Both types of objects could span a wide range of redshifts, however. Using deep radio data in these fields to further select the ones likely at the highest redshifts, we find that the surface density of z > 6 candidates is 5.5 deg−2 among 500 μm risers and is 0.8–13.6 deg−2 among SPIRE drop-outs. If this is correct, the dust-embedded star formation processes in such objects could contribute comparably as Lyman-break galaxies to the global SFR density at z > 6.
Hygrophorus subsection Hygrophorus (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales) in China
Authors: Wang Chao-Qun , Li Tai-Hui , Zhang Ming , He Xiao-Lan , Qin Wei-Qiang , Liu Tie-Zhi , Zeng Nian-Kai , Wang Xiang-Hua , Liu Jian-Wei , Wei Tie-Zheng , Xu Jiang , Li Yue-Qiu , Shen Ya-Heng
Published: June 2020

Hygrophorus subsect. Hygrophorus has been relatively well-studied in Europe and North America, but studies on the taxa in Asia, particularly in China, are still limited. In this study, phylogenetic overviews of genus Hygrophorus, based on the nuclear large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA gene and of subsect. Hygrophorus, based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were generated. Four new species, i.e. H. brunneodiscus, H. fuscopapillatus, H. glutiniceps and H. griseodiscus are described from southern China; and a rarely reported edible species H. hedrychii is described in detail, based upon the materials from north-eastern China. The main characteristics of the species under subsect. Hygrophorus worldwide are summarised in a table.
A new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from China, with an account on the histochemical structure of its major nervous system
Authors: Song Xiao-Yu , Li Wei-Xuan , Sluys Ronald , Huang Shu-Xin , Li Shuang-Fei , Wang An-Tai
Published: June 2020

By means of an integrated approach, including molecular, morphological, anatomical and histological data, we describe a new species of freshwater flatworm of the genus Dugesia from southwest China, representing the third species recorded for the country. Morphologically, the new species, Dugesia umbonata Song & Wang, sp. nov., is particularly characterised by the presence of a muscularised hump immediately antero-dorsally to a knee-shaped bend in its bursal canal and by an ejaculatory duct that opens subterminally through the dorsal side of the penis papilla. Four molecular datasets (18S rDNA; ITS-1; 28S rDNA; COI) facilitated determination of the phylogenetic position of the new species, which belongs to a clade comprising other species from the Australasian and Oriental regions. We also analysed the structure of its major nervous system by means of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemical method and compared these results with data available for three other species of Dugesia.