bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of tyre chips on dynamic properties of saturated sands
Authors: Bahadori Hadi , Manafi Siavash
Published: November 2015

The effect of adding various amounts of tyre chips to a host liquefiable sand deposit is investigated in this paper. Also the mixed soil's dynamic properties such as damping ratio and shear modulus degradation curves are analysed. A series of 1g shaking table model tests are conducted at different percentages of sand–tyre chips mixtures. Firoozkuh sand is utilised in the tests and the wet tamping sample preparation method is adopted. The results show that using tyre chips basically reduces pore-water pressure generation due to liquefaction. Also, mean damping ratio is increased with increasing tyre chip content in the sand–tyre chips mixture. Overall, reinforcing soil with tyre chips is found to decrease the deformations caused by liquefaction considerably. The reinforcing depth is also found to have a considerable effect on the liquefaction mitigation outcomes.
Mathematical and physical modelling of rainfall in centrifuge
Authors: Caicedo Bernardo , Tristancho Julian , Thorel Luc
Published: November 2015

Rainfall simulation in centrifuge models is important for modelling soil–atmosphere interactions. However, the presence of Coriolis force, drag forces, evaporation and wind within the centrifuge may affect the distribution of rainfall over the model. As a result, development of appropriate centrifuge rain simulators requires a demanding process of experimental trial and error. This paper highlights the key factors involved in controlling rainfall in centrifuge simulations, develops a mathematical model to simulate rainfall within a centrifuge and shows how to calibrate it experimentally. Finally, the paper summarises some important factors that should be considered in the development of rainfall simulators for centrifuges.
Centrifuge modelling of seepage through tailings embankments
Authors: Beckett Christopher , Fourie Andy B. , O'Loughlin Conleth D.
Published: November 2015

Tailings storage facilities (TSFs) are manmade geotechnical structures usually comprising a perimeter embankment, fill material (the tailings) and a water-level control system. The key issues often raised in TSF operation are uncertainties surrounding likely seepage to the environment and accurate prediction of seepage surfaces for input into stability assessment. Critically, TSFs are much more complex than the current numerical models conventionally assumed. This paper presents techniques for investigating steady-state and drawdown seepage behaviour of TSF embankments using a fixed-beam geotechnical centrifuge. The development of experimental equipment for centrifuge testing is described and novel methods to characterise model materials preliminarily, using a ‘desktop’ centrifuge, is presented. Good agreement is found between experimental results from the fixed-beam centrifuge and those predicted by the GeoStudio SEEP/W software package for steady-state and drawdown conditions at all tested hydraulic gradients.
Physical modelling of oil sands tailings consolidation
Authors: Sorta Amarebh R. , Sego David C. , Wilson Ward
Published: November 2015

The self-weight consolidation of oil sands tailings and kaolinite slurry is modelled using a new geotechnical beam centrifuge located at the University of Alberta (Geomechanical Reservoir Engineering Facility (GeoREF) centrifuge). The centrifuge is used to create a prototype-effective stress regime in the model, and centrifuge tests are conducted at different initial compositions at acceleration levels of 40 to 100g. The objectives of the centrifuge tests are to study the long-term consolidation behaviour, derive consolidation parameters, verify modelling procedures and to evaluate time-domain reflectometry application for solids content profile monitoring during centrifuge testing. The interface settlement, pore pressure and solids content profiles of the consolidating materials are monitored in-flight. Large strain consolidation parameters are derived from centrifuge tests and compared with parameters determined from a large strain consolidometer. The paper describes the modelling aspect as well as the instrumentation and monitoring of centrifuge tests. The centrifuge results are presented, discussed and compared using results from large strain numerical models.
Behaviour of strip footing on oil-contaminated sand slope
Authors: Nasr Ahmed M. A.
Published: November 2015

This paper presents an experimental and theoretical programme aimed at promoting a greater understanding of the behaviour of strip footing on oil-contaminated sand slope. Contaminated sand layers were prepared by mixing sand with an oil content of 0–3% by weight of dried sand. A broad series of conditions, including uncontaminated cases, was tested by varying parameters such as the thickness of the contaminated sand layer, the type of oil contamination, the slope angle and the edge distance of the footing relative to the slope crest. A plane-strain elastoplastic theoretical model using finite-element analyses was additionally performed to supplement the results of the model tests. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of strip footings on the contaminated sloping ground can be drastically decreased with increasing the thickness of the contaminated sand layer and the slope angle. To design a footing on oil-contaminated sand slope, it would be necessary to reduce the value of the bearing capacity factor Nγaccording to the type and percentage of the contaminated oil. The investigation also provides knowledge to revise the foundation design of the existing structures subjected to contamination.
Superhydrophobic laser-ablated stainless steel substrates exhibiting Cassie–Baxter stable state
Authors: Moradi Sona , Kamal Saeid , Hatzikiriakos Savvas George
Published: November 2015

In order to produce long-lasting, non-wettable surfaces, femtosecond laser ablation process was used to produce micro/nano structures on metallic surfaces. The effects of femtosecond laser irradiation process parameters (fluence, scanning speed and laser beam overlap) on the hydrophobicity of the resulting micro/nano-patterned morphologies on stainless steel were studied in detail. Seven distinctly different micro/nano patterns, namely nano-rippled, paraboloidal, sinusoidal, triple roughness, cauliflowered, tulip and scaly patterns, were fabricated. The latter pattern (scaly) was found to be identical to that of the butterfly wing structure. All patterns were classified according to laser intensity and scanning speed. Consequently, the fabricated substrates were chemically treated by silanization (Young contact angle (CA) of about 105°) in order to examine the additional effects of nanopatterning on wettability. The analysis of wettability revealed enhanced superhydrophobicity for most of these structures, particularly for the cauliflowered and scaly patterns with CAs in excess of 160° and contact angle hysteresis of less than 10°. Finally, the cauliflowered pattern was found to possess a stable composite state, which is important for certain applications such as friction (Cassie–Baxter).
Application of different modes of nanoscale impedance microscopy in materials research
Authors: Zieliński Artur
Published: November 2015

In recent years, there is noticeable interest in application of various types of scanning probe microscopy in material science research. One of them is contact atomic force microscopy combined with local impedance measurements, known as nanoscale impedance microscopy. Literature references present its application in investigations of new materials, microelectronics diagnostics, or research of protective coatings performance. In this paper, the authors present assumptions of methodology, important modes of operation, practical aspects of measurement system, and also exemplary results of application in fields of materials’ characterization.
Adhesion promotion by ESI deposition of thin polymer layers onto carbon fibers
Authors: Friedrich Jörg F. , Wettmarshausen Sascha , Altmann Korinna , Hidde Gundula
Published: November 2015

Thin coatings of high-molecular weight poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) were deposited onto carbon fibers by means of atmospheric electrospray ionization (ESI) as adhesion promoters in carbon fiber–epoxy resin composites. The carbon fibers were completely wrapped by pinhole-free polymer coatings in the upper 10 plies of a carbon fiber roving (corresponding to 50–100 µm) as verified with scanning electron microscopy (‘electrophoretic effect’). The polymer films have either a granular or a smooth structure depending on the absence or presence of residual solvent in the deposit. The ESI-deposited PAA films did not show any changes in composition and structure referenced to commercial PAA as analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Single fiber pull-out tests demonstrated significantly increased adhesion of coated carbon fibers to epoxy resin. It is assumed that chemical bonds between carbon fiber-PAA and epoxy resin contribute significantly to the improved interactions.
Organic–inorganic hybrid sol–gel coatings for corrosion protection of aluminum alloys
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Junqing , Liu Ruiping
Published: November 2015

Chromium-based pretreatments are among the most successful systems for aluminum-based alloys, however, due to environmental and health concerns, chromium-based compounds are a target for replacement. Sol–gel approach has emerged as a versatile method for preparing a host of sol–gel hybrid coatings that are candidates for use in protective coating applications. Organic–inorganic hybrid sol–gel coatings are among the most attractive alternatives to the use of chromium-based coatings because they are highly adherent and chemically inert coatings that are covalently bonded on the metal substrates at low temperature near ambient. In this review, the authors aim to summarize the latest achievements and strategies for the sol–gel process parameters as well as other factors that influence the corrosion properties of the organic–inorganic hybrid sol–gel coatings for the corrosion protection of aluminum-based alloys. The authors also discuss the existing issues and challenges in anticorrosion performance of the organic–inorganic hybrid sol–gel coatings.
Encapsulation of urea and caffeine in Cu3(BTC)2 metal–organic framework
Authors: Loera-Serna Sandra , Zarate-Rubio Jocelyn , Medina-Velazquez Dulce Y. , Zhang Lei , Ortiz Elba
Published: November 2015

The Cu3(BTC)2 metal–organic framework (MOF) (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate), also known as HKUST-1 (or MOF-199), is one of the most studied MOFs because it has a large surface area, high pore volume, high chemical stability and the ability to bind water, among other molecules, by coordinating to the unsaturated Cu(II) sites. In this study, Cu3(BTC)2 was used for the first time to remove the pharmaceutical products of urea and caffeine. Two strategies for retention of urea and caffeine in Cu3(BTC)2 were studied. The first strategy corresponds to in situ encapsulation, where urea and caffeine were added to Cu3(BTC)2 synthesis precursors and the porous structure was formed around the urea or caffeine molecules resulting in the encapsulation. The second one corresponds to post-synthesis encapsulation. The adsorption of urea or caffeine in MOF structure was realized by adding the as-synthesized dry Cu3(BTC)2 into urea or caffeine aqueous solution. The results show that in situ encapsulation of caffeine and urea in Cu3(BTC)2 produced a guest loading of 38 and 25 wt%, respectively, whereas, post-synthesis encapsulation had a guest loading of 52 and 30 wt% for caffeine and urea, respectively.
Activity index for steel slag
Authors: Qiang Wang , Peiyu Yan , Song Han
Published: November 2015

Currently, most steel slag is used as aggregate for concrete, asphaltic paving and road bases. High-alkalinity steel slag shows certain cementitious properties and should be given priority to be used as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete, based on economical and environmental considerations. This study was conducted to propose an effective method to evaluate the activity of high-alkalinity steel slag. Although the alkalinity determines the types of major minerals of steel slag, it does not determine the contents of these minerals. The difference of activity among different types of high-alkalinity steel slag cannot be further distinguished by alkalinity. The activity index (AI = (SiO2 + Al2O3)/(FeO + Fe2O3 + MgO + MnO)) was defined to evaluate the hydration activity of steel slag, which was verified to be effective by the results of examples. The higher the activity index, the higher the hydration activity of the steel slag.
Plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete − roles of osmotic suction
Authors: Dao Vinh T. N. , Morris Peter H. , Dux Peter F.
Published: November 2015

Plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete occurs when the stresses arising in the concrete, due to a combination of suction and restraints of deformation such as reinforcement or formwork, equal its strength. However, three different types of suctions should be distinguished, namely total, matric and osmotic suctions. Although the total suction comprises matric and osmotic suctions, it is often used interchangeably with matric suction, with the underlying unconfirmed assumption that either the osmotic suction or its effect is negligible. In this paper, after a discussion of the pore moisture suctions and strength of unsaturated early-age concrete, experimental investigations of the suctions arising in, and the tensile strength and shear strength of, fly ash mixed with solutions of different osmotic suctions are described. It was found that osmotic suction has negligible effect on the shear and tensile strength, and hence, by inference, the inter-particle stresses in the fly ash mixture and early-age concrete. This strongly suggests that the role played by osmotic suction in the plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete is minimal and, accordingly, justifies the focus of earlier researchers on matric suction only.
Influence of steel–concrete interface defects owing to the top-bar effect on the chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcement
Authors: Zhang Ruijin , Castel Arnaud , François Raoul
Published: November 2015

This paper deals with the influence of the steel–concrete interface condition on the reinforcement corrosion in a chloride environment. Two large-sized concrete members were cast including horizontal reinforcements at different levels in order to create voids under the upper horizontal bars caused by the well-known ‘top-bar effect'. The walls were then sawn into small-sized specimens including one rebar. These small specimens were submitted to wetting–drying cycles in salt water (natural corrosion process). The polarisation resistance technique was performed to monitor the steel corrosion during the ageing up to 55 weeks. Chloride profiles were regularly measured and specimens were broken to observe the corrosion pattern. Results show that, first, a good-quality steel–concrete interface significantly reduces the corrosion rate in comparison with the specimen with interfacial defects. Second, before concrete cracking, the corrosion pattern observed is completely different between the specimens with or without defect. Perfect interface specimens show a typical local pitting corrosion pattern owing to chloride attack. However, specimens affected by the ‘top-bar effect' show a generalised corrosion along the steel surface affected by the void (surface under the horizontal steel bars in regard to concrete casting direction). Macrocell corrosion seems to develop between the lower surface affected by the void acting as an anode and the upper surface where the bond is perfect as the cathode. The concrete cracking is delayed for specimens affected by the ‘top-bar effect' in spite of a higher corrosion rate. This delay can be attributed to the time necessary for the rust to fill the voids.
Behaviour of hybrid fibre reinforced high-strength lightweight aggregate concrete
Authors: Daneti Saradhi Babu , Wee Tiong-Huan
Published: November 2015

An experimental study has been carried out to understand the behaviour of high-strength lightweight aggregate concrete reinforced with mono and hybrid fibres. Control, mono (single), double hybrid and triple hybrid fibre reinforced concretes were cast using macro-fibres of steel and micro-fibres of steel and polypropylene. This paper presents the segregation resistance, compressive and tensile strength, flexural toughness, stress–strain behaviour, shrinkage and water absorption of lightweight aggregate concrete C with and without hybrid fibres. The results indicate that the stability of lightweight aggregate (segregation resistance) increases when LWAC is reinforced with fibres in general and hybrid fibres in particular. Lightweight aggregate concrete with mono and hybrid fibres has shown a significant increase in tensile strength when compared with plain lightweight aggregate concrete; however, it has shown a marginal decrease in compressive strength. Lightweight aggregate concrete with mono and hybrid fibres displayed a pseudo hardening response in the post-crack region, while lightweight aggregate concrete with hybrid fibres has shown superior performance to lightweight aggregate concrete with mono fibres in terms of flexural toughness, post-crack strength and durability. The effect of water to cement ratio on the properties of lightweight aggregate concrete with hybrid fibres was also studied.
Concrete cover cracking caused by steel reinforcement corrosion
Authors: Al-Harthy Ali S. , Stewart Mark G. , Mullard John
Published: November 2015

The paper reviews previously reported predictive models on corrosion-induced crack initiation and propagation and presents new additional results of ongoing accelerated corrosion tests conducted at The University of Newcastle. In addition to eight concrete specimens previously tested, six new specimens were tested to study the effect of reinforcement confinement, concrete strength (24 and 8 MPa), cover (10 and 20 mm) and reinforcing bar diameter (16 and 27 mm) on corrosion-induced cracking. Time-dependent crack widths were measured for different reinforced concrete slabs for corrosion rates up to 169 μA/cm2. It was found that predictions of time to crack initiation are highly scattered and can differ by as much as two orders of magnitude. It was also found that crack initiation and propagation times increase with increasing cover and decrease with increasing reinforcing bar diameter and compressive strength. In addition, the rate of crack propagation is 10–50% higher for reduced reinforcement confinement such as at the edge of a slab or corner of a column. The experimental results are compared with existing crack initiation and propagation predictive models allowing for the accuracy of existing models to be assessed and showing potential areas for further research.
Pull-out and push-in tests of bonded steel strands
Authors: Faria Duarte M. Viúla , Lúcio Válter J. G. , Pinho Ramos A.
Published: November 2015

The objective of this study was to analyse the behaviour of prestress strand anchorages by bonding with an epoxy adhesive for structural strengthening use. Pull-out and push-in tests were carried out on 15·2 mm diameter prestress steel strands sealed in 18 mm diameter holes with several embedment lengths, complemented by long-term tests. Experimental results are presented and compared with theoretical results regarding maximum pull-out and transmittable loads and also draw-in results. Theoretical results are obtained by solving the governing equation of the bond phenomenon adopting a non-linear local bond/slip law derived from pull-out tests with short embedment length. The study shows that it is reasonable to assume an average constant bond stress for anchorage design with the studied epoxy adhesive in the range of the studied values of anchor embedment length and diameter. The average values for bond stress to be used for determining the maximum pull-out and transmittable loads were found to be 12·0 and 5·2 MPa, respectively. Experimental draw-in values show a great variability, and so determining transmission length based on draw-in values may lead to a false perception that the transmission length is very variable.
Effects of CSF content on rheology and cohesiveness of mortar
Authors: Kwan A. K. H. , Fung W. W. S.
Published: November 2015

It is widely known that the addition of condensed silica fume to a concrete mix would improve the cohesiveness and hence segregation stability. However, quite often, this would also impair the flowability. To study the overall effects of condensed silica fume, an experimental programme was launched, whereby 45 mortar samples with different condensed silica fume contents and water/solid ratios, each representing the mortar portion of a concrete mix, were tested for their rheological properties, cohesiveness and packing densities. Their rheological properties were measured in terms of flow spread, flow rate, yield stress and apparent viscosity, while their cohesiveness and packing densities were measured using the sieve segregation and wet packing tests respectively. It was found that the effect of condensed silica fume on flowability could be positive or negative, depending on the water/solid ratio, and when the water/solid ratio is low, the addition of condensed silica fume would improve the flowability by increasing the packing density. It was also found that the effect of condensed silica fume on cohesiveness is always positive. Put together, the overall flowability-cohesiveness performance would be improved by the addition of condensed silica fume.
Measurement of innovation in South Africa: An analysis of survey metrics and recommendations
Authors: Manzini Sibusiso T.
Published: November 2015

The National System of Innovation (NSI) is an important construct in South Africa’s policy discourse as illustrated in key national planning initiatives, such as the National Development Plan. The country’s capacity to innovate is linked to the prospects for industrial development leading to social and economic growth. Proper measurement of innovation activity is therefore crucial for policymaking. In this study, a constructive analytical critique of the innovation surveys that are conducted in South Africa is presented, the case for broadening current perspectives of innovation in the national policy discourse is reinforced, the significance of a broad perspective of innovation is demonstrated and new metrics for use in the measurement of the performance of the NSI are proposed. Current NSI survey instruments lack definition of non-technological innovation. They emphasise inputs rather than outputs, lack regional and sectoral analyses, give limited attention to innovation diffusion and are susceptible to respondent interpretation. Furthermore, there are gaps regarding the wider conditions of innovation and system linkages and learning. In order to obtain a comprehensive assessment of innovation in South Africa, there is a need to sharpen the metrics for measuring non-technological innovation and to define, account for and accurately measure the ‘hidden’ innovations that drive the realisation of value in management, the arts, public service and society in general. The new proposed indicators, which are mostly focused on innovation outputs, can be used as a basis for plugging the gaps identified in the existing surveys.
Potential human impact on the environmental central niche of the chacma baboon
Authors: Stone Olivia M.L. , Laffan Shawn W. , Curnoe Darren , Herries Andy I.R.
Published: November 2015

We assessed the human impact on regions identified as the environmental central niche for the chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) across southern Africa. This central niche is the area within an animal’s natural range that is most insulated from changes to the environmental variables that influence that animal’s distribution. We used an environmental envelope model constructed with geographic information system software to predict the geographic extent of the central niche. The predicted chacma baboon central niche was 389 000 km2, with substantial overlap with human settlements in several countries. Of note is that although Botswana contains nearly 60 000 km2 of predicted central niche, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature chacma baboon distribution map implies that much of this area is uninhabited by baboons. A regional assessment of the province of KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) suggests more than 95% of its central niche is uninhabited. Additionally, the very limited and likely disturbed central niche area in Lesotho coupled with the unknown status of chacma baboons within Lesotho warrants further attention. Overall, it appears likely that significant proportions of the predicted central niche in southern Africa are currently uninhabited by the chacma baboon. These uninhabited areas correspond with areas of high human population density and anthropogenic land alteration. The remaining central niche areas that are still inhabited are potentially key areas for conservation and are important for ensuring the sustainability of future populations. However, these areas may be undergoing degradation whilst also becoming more inaccessible to baboons, thus increasing the difficulty of conservation efforts. This preliminary assessment highlights the urgent need for detailed assessments at a finer scale.
Temple anímico fundamental y crítica a la cultura contemporánea en Heidegger
Authors: Held Klaus
Published: November 2015

Gracias a la rápida aparición de las “Obras completas” de Heidegger, podemos formarnos una imagen concreta de su desarrollo creador en la década que siguió a Ser y tiempo y que culminó en los Aportes a la filosofía escritos en 1936-38. En esta década Heidegger llego a su comprensión definitiva, a saber, ontohistórica, de la situación contemporánea de la filosofía. Su tesis fundamental es que vivimos en una época de transición: tras nosotros está la época de la metafísica que emergió del “primer comienzo” de nuestra cultura, que desde los griegos recibió un cuño filosófico. Ante nosotros, en un futuro que está apenas por intuirse, yace el “otro comienzo” para un pensamiento completamente nuevo. El pensamiento que surge del primer comienzo y sobre el cual ha reposado hasta ahora nuestra cultura, fue hecho posible por el contenerse del ser, la sustracción. Este construyó el soporte a partir del cual el ser en tanto entidad del ente se entregó al poder de la disponibilidad del pensamiento metafísico-científico. A la esencia de la sustracción le perteneció que esta se sustrajera a sí misma al pensamiento, en un ocultamiento abismal. Hoy alcanza el olvido de la sustracción determinado por ello su punto máximo, su eschaton. Dado esto podría acaecer una transformación a través de la cual el hombre se vuelva otro, a saber, capaz y dispuesto a experimentar la sustracción como sustracción, es decir, como “misterio”.
Percepção de pessoas estomizadas acerca do serviço de estomaterapia: um estudo descritivo
Authors: Mota Marina Soares , Reis Telma Rosely Von Schustuschitz dos , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Barros Edaiane Joana Lima , Nörnberg Pâmela Kath de Oliveira , Chagas Maria Cristina da Silveira
Published: November 2015

Objetivo: Conhecer a importância do serviço de estomaterapia na percepção de pessoas com estomia. Método: Estudo descritivo e exploratório de cunho qualitativo, realizado em 2011 no serviço de estomaterapia de um hospital do sul do Brasil. Participaram 12 pessoas no setor com estomias . Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados pela técnica da Análise Temática. Resultados: O serviço é percebido como um local para aprender a conviver com a estomia e autocuidar-se, atualizar-se, ter contato com outras pessoas com estomias e estabelecer relações de apoio mútuo e troca de experiências. Discussão: As pessoas adquirem no serviço conhecimentos acerca da doença que resultou a estomia, dos cuidados necessários e de como obter melhor qualidade de vida por meio do autocuidado. Conclusão: O serviço de estomaterapia é compreendido como um local de promoção da saúde, sendo parte da rede de apoio social de pessoas com estomias.
El cine de la tele. Su implicación con la literatura infantil y juvenil
Authors: Romea Castro Celia
Published: November 2015

Presentamos películas emitidas en televisión en las vacaciones de Navidad de 2006, adaptadas de obras literarias y destinadas a jóvenes y niños. En el trabajo se clasifican las películas por sus géneros literarios de procedencia. Se señala su autor literario y el director del la producción cinematográfica, se resume su contenido y se hace un somero juicio de las características positivas que tienen o de las que carece la película. Se ha recurrido a la programación de las televisiones públicas, privadas abiertas y cerradas. El propósito es sugerir una guía de películas y lecturas de literatura infantil y juvenil –la mayoría clásicas– que son programadas frecuentemente en las emisoras de televisión, como orientación didáctica para el profesorado.
Los Episodios Nacionales de Pérez Galdós y su presencia en el canon de la literatura infantil y juvenil (1873-1939)
Authors: Fraga Fernández-Cuevas María Jesús
Published: November 2015

A partir de diversos documentos (catálogos de bibliotecas, manuales escolares, libros de texto o crítica, revistas femeninas e infantiles y material epistolar) se analiza el acercamiento de los primeros Episodios Nacionales de Benito Pérez Galdós al lector infantil y juvenil, desde su fecha primera de publicación hasta el franquismo. Este fue muy diferente según la laicidad y confesionalidad de centros educativos y bibliotecas. La intervención familiar tuvo probablemente un papel decisivo, en el que pudo haber influido la versión infantil de Galdós, de la cual se resalta su discutible tono didáctico al compararla con la versión original.
Propuestas didácticas para la educación infantil mediante el uso de adivinanzas y canciones populares. El uso estético de la lengua en el MCERL
Authors: López Valero Amando , Jerez Martínez Isabel , López López María
Published: November 2015

El presente artículo tiene que ver con el estudio de adivinanzas y canciones populares que poseen potencial didáctico en Educación Infantil. Es muy importante en la formación de maestras y maestros poseer un conocimiento del género poético y no perder aquellos aspectos culturales que han sido transmitidos a través de los años por las distintas generaciones. En un original estudio Cook (2007) indica que las adivinanzas desvelan grandes misterios a partir de cosas muy pequeñas. Ella indica que el mundo se presenta a sí mismo como una adivinanza. ¿Son las adivinanzas un género, una forma, un modo, un guión maestro? Dicha cuestión ayuda a reseñar la importancia de las mismas. Todo el planteamiento estará auspiciado por las directrices que nos otorga el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las Lenguas. Nuestra intención es que la formación lingüística y literaria que reciba el alumnado esté contextualizada en un espacio europeo y de ese modo el niño o la niña puedan desarrollar sus capacidades de un modo deseable, es decir que esa tradición lírica popular pueda conectarse a través de las sugerencias didácticas con vocabulario de otras Lenguas, al contacto con sonidos en otros idiomas y demás situaciones positivas para la formación del alumnado.
Más sobre la valoración y recuperación de la lírica popular moderna. Una antología de coplas y seguidillas de la Mancha conquense
Authors: Carrasco Sotos Ángel
Published: November 2015

En el artículo se intentan poner sobre la mesa los condicionantes culturales e históricos que han influido en el descrédito y marginalidad de la poesía popular oral moderna, por parte, sobre todo, de la crítica literaria. Tales reservas han servido para que la mención de este tipo de lírica, cuya calidad literaria se defiende aquí (incluso mediante una antología), haya desaparecido de manuales de literatura y libros de texto al uso. La reivindicación de la consideración, estudio y recolección de esta literatura del pueblo ha venido siendo un tópico desoído desde el siglo XIX, pues el canon literario que se fue fraguando a raíz de los estudios filológicos de principios del siglo XX apartó a los investigadores de su estudio, recopilación y difusión. En el artículo se consideran todos los prejuicios y causas que han incidido para que esto mismo haya terminado por aceptarse.
Distribution of Herbicide‐Resistant Shattercane and Johnsongrass Populations in Sorghum Production Areas of Nebraska and Northern Kansas
Authors: Werle Rodrigo , Jhala Amit J. , Yerka Melinda K. , Anita Dille J. , Lindquist John L.
Published: November 2015

Overreliance on acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibiting herbicides for weed control during the 1990s resulted in selection of ALS‐resistant shattercane [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) de Wet ex Davidse] biotypes in Nebraska. The objective of this study was to assess the baseline presence of ALS‐resistance in 190 shattercane and 59 johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] populations collected across northern Kansas, northwestern Missouri, and southern Nebraska in 2013. In 2014, a preliminary field experiment was conducted to evaluate the presence of herbicide resistance in the aforementioned populations. Treatments consisted of four herbicides (clethodim {2‐[1‐[[(E)‐3‐chloroprop‐2‐enoxy]amino]propylidene]‐5‐(2‐ethylsulfanylpropyl)cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione}, glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl) glycine], imazethapyr [5‐ethyl‐2‐(4‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐4‐propan‐2‐yl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)pyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid], and nicosulfuron {2‐[(4,6‐dimethoxypyrimidin‐2‐yl)carbamoylsulfamoyl]‐N,N‐dimethylpyridine‐3‐carboxamide}) applied at labeled rates. Clethodim and glyphosate controlled all shattercane and johnsongrass populations evaluated. Putative imazethapyr and nicosulfuron (ALS‐inhibiting herbicides) resistant populations were further exposed to a dose–response study under greenhouse conditions. Five shattercane and five johnsongrass populations were confirmed resistant to imazethapyr. Four shattercane and three johnsongrass populations were confirmed resistant to nicosulfuron. All ALS‐resistant shattercane and johnsongrass populations were collected in Nebraska except for one johnsongrass population, resistant to nicosulfuron, that was collected in Kansas. Acetolactate synthase‐resistance persists, even though ALS‐inhibitors have not been widely used to control shattercane and johnsongrass for more than 15 yr, indicating the lack of a strong fitness cost associated with ALS‐resistance. Therefore, shattercane and johnsongrass should be properly managed before and during the commercialization of ALS‐tolerant grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor] (expected in 2017), especially in regions where ALS‐resistance has been confirmed.
Characterization of Two Adult‐Plant Stripe Rust Resistance Genes on Chromosomes 3BS and 4BL in Soft Red Winter Wheat
Authors: Subramanian Nithya K. , Mason Richard Esten , Milus Eugene A. , Moon David E. , Brown‐Guedira Gina
Published: November 2015

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss. (Pst), is an important foliar disease of soft red winter wheat (SRWW) (Triticum aestivum L.) in the eastern United States. However, very few resistance genes have been characterized in the SRWW germplasm pool. The SRWW line VA96W‐270 is known to be resistant to stripe rust race PST‐100, which was the predominant race in the United States from 2003 to 2006. To elucidate the genetic basis of resistance, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from a cross between VA96W‐270 and the susceptible cultivar Coker 9835 was evaluated for response to stripe rust infection in inoculated field nurseries over a 3‐yr period. The RIL population was then genotyped with stripe rust‐linked simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 90K single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified, located on chromosomes 3BS and 4BL, both contributed by VA96W‐270. The 3BS and 4BL QTL explained up to 28 and 25% of the phenotypic variation for area under disease pressure curve (AUDPC), respectively. Recombinant inbred lines containing both QTL had average disease severity of 6%, compared with 38 to 45% for lines containing one of the two QTL and 69% for those containing neither QTL. Based on susceptibility of VA96W‐270 to infection at the seedling stage, the two genes appear to be associated with adult‐plant resistance. Markers associated with the two QTL were polymorphic in various wheat genotypes, suggesting they could be useful in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) to develop wheat cultivars with improved stripe rust resistance.
Improving Maize Grain Yield under Drought Stress and Non‐stress Environments in Sub‐Saharan Africa using Marker‐Assisted Recurrent Selection
Authors: Beyene Yoseph , Semagn Kassa , Crossa Jose , Mugo Stephen , Atlin Gary N. , Tarekegne Amsal , Meisel Barbara , Sehabiague Pierre , Vivek Bindiganavile S. , Oikeh Sylvester , Alvarado Gregorio , Machida Lewis , Olsen Michael , Prasanna Boddupalli M. , Bänziger Marianne
Published: November 2015

In marker‐assisted recurrent selection (MARS), a subset of molecular markers significantly associated with target traits of interest are used to predict the breeding value of individual plants, followed by rapid recombination and selfing. This study estimated genetic gains in grain yield (GY) using MARS in 10 biparental tropical maize (Zea may L.) populations. In each population, 148 to 184 F2:3 (defined as C0) progenies were derived, crossed with a single‐cross tester, and evaluated under water‐stressed (WS) and well‐watered (WW) environments in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). The C0 populations were genotyped with 190 to 225 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A selection index based on marker data and phenotypic data was used for selecting the best C0 families for recombination. Individual plants from selected families were genotyped using 55 to 87 SNPs tagging specific quantitative trait loci (QTL), and the best individuals from each cycle were either intercrossed (to form C1) or selfed (to form C1S1 and C1S2). A genetic gain study was conducted using test crosses of lines from the different cycles F1 and founder parents. Test crosses, along with five commercial hybrid checks were evaluated under four WS and four WW environments. The overall gain for GY using MARS across the 10 populations was 105 kg ha−1 yr−1 under WW and 51 kg ha−1 yr−1 under WS. Across WW environments, GY of C1S2–derived hybrids were 8.7, 5.9, and 16.2% significantly greater than those of C0, founder parents, and commercial checks, respectively. Results demonstrate the potential of MARS for increasing genetic gain under both drought and optimum environments in SSA.
Degradation kinetics of fisetin and quercetin in solutions affected by medium pH, temperature and co-existed proteins
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhao Xin-Huai
Published: November 2015

Impacts of medium pH, temperature and coexisted proteins on the degradation
of two flavonoids fisetin and quercetin were assessed by spectroscopic method
in the present study. Based on the measured degradation rate constants (k),
fisetin was more stable than quercetin in all cases. Increasing medium pH
from 6.0 to 7.5 at 37?C enhanced respective k values of fisetin and quercetin
from 8.30x10?3 and 2.81x10?2 to 0.202 and 0.375 h-1 (P<0.05). In comparison
with their degradation at 37?C, fisetin and quercetin showed larger k values
at higher temperature (0.124 and 0.245 h?1 at 50?C, or 0.490 and 1.42 h?1 at
65?C). Four protein products in medium could stabilize the two flavonoids
(P<0.05), as these proteins at 0.10 g L-1 decreased respective k values of
fisetin and quercetin to 2.28x10?2-2.98x10?2 and 4.37?10?2-5.97x10?2 h?1.
Hydrophobic interaction between the proteins and the two flavonoids was
evidenced responsible for the stabilization, as sodium dodecyl sulfate could
destroy the stabilization significantly (P<0.05). Casein and soybean protein
provided greater stabilization than whey protein isolate. It is thus
concluded that higher temperature and alkaline pH can enhance flavonoid loss,
whereas coexisted proteins as flavonoid stabilizers can inhibit flavonoid
degradation.
Effects of repeated petting sessions on leukocyte counts, intestinal parasite prevalence, and plasma cortisol concentration of dogs housed in a county animal shelter
Authors: Dudley Emily S. , Schiml Patricia A. , Hennessy Michael B.
Published: November 2015

Objective—To describe changes in WBC counts, plasma cortisol concentration, and fecal parasite shedding of dogs housed in an animal shelter and determine the effects of daily petting sessions on these variables.

Design—Hybrid prospective observational and experimental study.

Animals—92 healthy dogs newly arrived to an animal shelter and 15 healthy privately owned dogs (control group).

Procedures—Blood and fecal samples were collected from shelter dogs 1, 3, and 10 days after arrival and from control dogs once. A subset of shelter dogs (n = 15) was assigned to receive 30 minutes of petting daily. Plasma cortisol concentration was measured, CBCs were performed, and fecal samples were evaluated for parasite ova.

Results—For shelter dogs, total leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts increased significantly between days 1 and 10, with less consistent increases in monocyte count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio. Parasite shedding was unaffected by duration of shelter stay but was greater for shelter versus control dogs. For shelter dogs, plasma cortisol concentration decreased with time and was higher than that of control dogs on each day. Total leukocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratios were also higher for shelter versus control dogs. Petting sessions resulted in a decrease in plasma cortisol concentration but in no other variables.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Large increasing immunologic responses, heavy parasite shedding, and high but decreasing plasma cortisol concentration were identified in shelter dogs. Daily 30-minute petting sessions affected only cortisol values, so the clinical importance of petting for immunologic and other health outcomes remains unclear.
Endoscopic treatment of an intrathoracic tracheal osteochondroma in a dog
Authors: Hawley Melissa M. , Johnson Lynelle R. , Johnson Eric G. , Pascoe Peter J. , Murphy Brian G.
Published: November 2015

Case Description—A 1.5-year-old spayed female Bernese Mountain Dog was examined for a 6-month history of intermittent vomiting, regurgitation, wheezing, and coughing. Initially, a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease with secondary aspiration pneumonitis was made but clinical signs did not resolve with treatment.

Clinical Findings—Thoracic and cervical radiography and CT revealed a sessile, irregularly marginated soft tissue opacity at the level of the fourth rib. Results of a CBC, serum biochemical analysis, and urinalysis were within reference limits. Results of abdominal ultrasonography were normal.

Treatment and Outcome—Tracheoscopy revealed a firm, irregularly marginated mass apparently originating from the ventral aspect of the trachea, occluding approximately one-half of the tracheal lumen, and located 2 cm cranial to the carina. Cytologic and histopathologic examination of fine-needle aspirate and biopsy samples suggested a benign etiology; therefore, endoscopic minimally invasive laser and electrocautery resection of the mass was scheduled. A total IV anesthetic protocol was administered with an oxygen-air mixture used to decrease the risk of fire during tracheal surgery. The mass was successfully resected, and histopathologic examination confirmed a diagnosis of osteochondroma. Clinical signs resolved, and at follow-up 32 months later, no regrowth of the mass was evident.

Clinical Relevance—Tracheoscopy-guided electrocautery and surgical diode laser resection was successful in removing an obstructive tracheal mass that was not resectable by means of a conventional open surgical approach. Minimally invasive procedures may decrease morbidity and mortality and improve outcome in appropriately selected small animal patients.
Medical treatment of horses with deep digital flexor tendon injuries diagnosed with high-field-strength magnetic resonance imaging: 118 cases (2000–2010)
Authors: Lutter John D. , Schneider Robert K. , Sampson Sarah N. , Cary Julie A. , Roberts Greg D. , Vahl Christopher I.
Published: November 2015

Objective—To describe the location and severity of deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) lesions diagnosed by means of high-field-strength MRI in horses and to identify variables associated with return to activity following medical treatment.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—118 horses.

Procedures—Medical records of horses with DDFT injury diagnosed with MRI over a 10-year period (2000–2010) and treated medically (intrasynovial administration of corticosteroids and sodium hyaluronan, rest and rehabilitation, or both) were reviewed. History, signalment, use, results of lameness examination and diagnostic local anesthesia, MRI findings, and treatment details were recorded. Outcome was obtained by telephone interview or follow-up examination. Horses were grouped by predictor variables and analyzed with logistic regression to identify significant effects.

Results—Overall, of 97 horses available for follow-up (median time to follow-up, 5 years; range, 1 to 12 years), 59 (61%) returned to activity for a mean duration of 22.6 months (median, 18 months; range, 3 to 72 months), with 25 (26%) still sound at follow-up. Of horses with mild, moderate, and severe injury, 21 of 29 (72%), 20 of 36 (56%), and 18 of 32 (56%), respectively, returned to use. Horses treated with intrasynovial corticosteroid injection and 6 months of rest and rehabilitation returned to use for a significantly longer duration than did horses treated without rest. Western performance horses returned to use for a significantly longer duration than did English performance horses.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the present study suggested that outcome for horses with DDFT injuries treated medically depended on injury severity, presence of concurrent injury to other structures in the foot, type of activity, and owner compliance with specific treatment recommendations. Although some horses successfully returned to prior activity, additional treatment options are needed to improve outcome in horses with severe injuries and to improve long-term prognosis.