bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra-oscillator high harmonic source reaching 100-eV photon energy
Authors: Drs Jakub , Trawi Firas , Müller Michael , Fischer Julian , Wittwer Valentin , Südmeyer Thomas
Published: March 2024

Resonant enhancement inside an optical cavity has been a wide-spread approach to increase efficiency of nonlinear optical conversion processes while reducing the demands on the driving laser power. This concept has been particularly important for high harmonic generation XUV sources, where passive femtosecond enhancement cavities allowed significant increase in repetition rates required for applications in photoelectron spectroscopy, XUV frequency comb spectroscopy, including the recent endeavor of thorium nuclear clock development. In addition to passive cavities, it has been shown that comparable driving conditions can be achieved inside mode-locked thin-disk laser oscillators, offering a simplified single-stage alternative. This approach is less sensitive to losses thanks to the presence of gain inside the cavity and should thus allow higher conversion efficiencies through tolerating higher intensity in the gas target. Here, we show that the intra-oscillator approach can indeed surpass the much more mature technology of passive enhancement cavities in terms of XUV flux, even reaching comparable values to single-pass sources based on chirped-pulse fiber amplifier lasers. Our system operates at 17 MHz repetition rate generating photon energies between 60 eV and 100 eV. Importantly, this covers the highly attractive wavelength for the silicon industry of 13.5 nm at which our source delivers 60 nW of outcoupled average power per harmonic order.
Characterizing mobility patterns and malaria risk factors in semi-nomadic populations of Northern Kenya
Authors: Meredith Hannah R. , Wesolowski Amy , Okoth Dennis , Maraga Linda , Ambani George , Chepkwony Tabitha , Abel Lucy , Kipkoech Joseph , Lokoel Gilchrist , Esimit Daniel , Lokemer Samuel , Maragia James , Prudhomme O’Meara Wendy , Obala Andrew A.
Published: March 2024

While many studies have characterized mobility patterns and disease dynamics of settled populations, few have focused on more mobile populations. Highly mobile groups are often at higher disease risk due to their regular movement that may increase the variability of their environments, reduce their access to health care, and limit the number of intervention strategies suitable for their lifestyles. Quantifying the movements and their associated disease risks will be key to developing interventions more suitable for mobile populations. Turkana, Kenya is an ideal setting to characterize these relationships. While the vast, semi-arid county has a large mobile population (>60%) and was recently shown to have endemic malaria, the relationship between mobility and malaria risk in this region has not yet been defined. Here, we worked with 250 semi-nomadic households from four communities in Central Turkana to 1) characterize mobility patterns of travelers and 2) test the hypothesis that semi-nomadic individuals are at greater risk of malaria exposure when migrating with their herds than when staying at their semi-permanent settlements. Participants provided medical and travel histories, demographics, and a dried blood spot for malaria testing before and after the travel period. Further, a subset of travelers was given GPS loggers to document their routes. Four travel patterns emerged from the logger data, Long Term, Transient, Day trip, and Static, with only Long Term and Transient trips being associated with malaria cases detected in individuals who carried GPS devices. After completing their trips, travelers had a higher prevalence of malaria than those who remained at the household (9.2% vs 4.4%), regardless of gender and age. These findings highlight the need to develop intervention strategies amenable to mobile lifestyles that can ultimately help prevent the transmission of malaria.
How do household living conditions and gender-related decision-making influence child stunting in Rwanda? A population-based study
Authors: Utumatwishima Jean Nepo , Mogren Ingrid , Umubyeyi Aline , Mansourian Ali , Krantz Gunilla
Published: March 2024

Child stunting (chronic undernutrition) is a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. In Rwanda, an estimated 33% of children are affected. This study investigated the household living conditions and the impact of gender-related decision-making on child stunting. The findings contribute to ongoing discussion on this critical public health issue. In December 2021, a population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Rwanda’s Northern Province; 601 women with children aged 1–36 months were included. Stunting was assessed using low height-for-age criteria. The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was used to determine household socioeconomic status. Researcher-designed questionnaires evaluated gender-related factors such as social support and household decision-making. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified risk factor patterns. Six hundred and one children were included in the study; 27.1% (n = 163) were diagnosed as stunted; there was a higher prevalence of stunting in boys (60.1%) than girls (39.9%; p<0.001). The MPI was 0.265 with no significant difference between households with stunted children (MPI, 0.263; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.216–0.310) and non-stunted children (MPI, 0.265; 95% CI, 0.237–0.293). Most households reported a lack of adequate housing (78.9%), electricity (63.0%), good water sources (58.7%), and proper toilets (57.1%). Male-headed households dominated (92% vs. 8.0%; p = 0.018), and women often shared decision-making with their partners. However, 26.4% of women reported forced sexual intercourse within marriage (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.81; 95% CI, 1.15–2.85). Lack of support during illness ([OR], 1.93; 95% CI, 1.13–3.28) and absence of personal guidance (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.41–4.26) were significantly associated with child stunting. Poverty contributes to child stunting in the Northern Province of Rwanda. Limited social support and women’s lack of decision-making power in the household increase stunting rates. Interventions should empower women and address the broader social and economic context to promote both women’s and children’s health.
Functional correlates of cognitive performance and working memory in temporal lobe epilepsy: Insights from task-based and resting-state fMRI
Authors: Fajardo-Valdez Alfonso , Camacho-Téllez Vicente , Rodríguez-Cruces Raúl , García-Gomar María Luisa , Pasaye Erick Humberto , Concha Luis
Published: March 2024

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common form of medically intractable epilepsy. Although seizures originate in mesial temporal structures, there are widespread abnormalities of gray and white matter beyond the temporal lobes that negatively impact functional networks and cognition. Previous studies have focused either on the global impact on functional networks, or on the functional correlates of specific cognitive abilities. Here, we use a two-pronged approach to evaluate the link between whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) anomalies to overall cognitive performance, and how such abnormal connectivity alters the fronto-parietal brain regions involved in working memory (WMem), a cognitive disability often reported by TLE patients. We evaluated 31 TLE patients and 35 healthy subjects through extensive cognitive testing, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI), and task-based fMRI using Sternberg’s task to evaluate WMem. As a group, TLE patients displayed cognitive abnormalities across different domains, although considerable within-group variability was identified. TLE patients showed disruptions of functional networks between and within the default mode network (DMN) and task-positive networks (TPN) resulting in associations with cognitive performance. Furthermore, during the WMem task, TLE patients showed abnormal activity of fronto-parietal regions that were associated with other forms of memory, and alterations of seed-based connectivity analyses. Our results show that different degrees of abnormal functional brain activity and connectivity are related to the severity of disabilities across cognitive spheres. Differential co-activation patterns between patients and healthy subjects suggest potential compensatory mechanisms to preserve adequate cognitive performance.
MIS-Net: A deep learning-based multi-class segmentation model for CT images
Authors: Li Huawei , Wang Changying
Published: March 2024

The accuracy of traditional CT image segmentation algorithms is hindered by issues such as low contrast and high noise in the images. While numerous scholars have introduced deep learning-based CT image segmentation algorithms, they still face challenges, particularly in achieving high edge accuracy and addressing pixel classification errors. To tackle these issues, this study proposes the MIS-Net (Medical Images Segment Net) model, a deep learning-based approach. The MIS-Net model incorporates multi-scale atrous convolution into the encoding and decoding structure with symmetry, enabling the comprehensive extraction of multi-scale features from CT images. This enhancement aims to improve the accuracy of lung and liver edge segmentation. In the evaluation using the COVID-19 CT Lung and Infection Segmentation dataset, the left and right lung segmentation results demonstrate that MIS-Net achieves a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 97.61. Similarly, in the Liver Tumor Segmentation Challenge 2017 public dataset, the DSC of MIS-Net reaches 98.78.
An invisible water surcharge: Climate warming increases crop water demand in the San Joaquin Valley’s groundwater-dependent irrigated agriculture
Authors: Moyers Kelley , Abatzoglou John T. , Escriva-Bou Alvar , Medellín-Azuara Josué , Viers Joshua H.
Published: March 2024

California’s bountiful San Joaquin Valley (SJV), a critical region for global fruit and nut production, has withstood two severe, multi-year droughts in the past decade, exacerbated by record-breaking high temperature and evaporative demand. We employed climate data and crop coefficients to estimate the crop water demand in the SJV over the past forty years. Our approach, using crop coefficients for Penman-Montieth modeled evapotranspiration, focused on the climate effects on crop water demand, avoiding the confounding factors of changing land use and management practices that are present in actual evapotranspiration. We demonstrate that increases in crop water demand explain half of the cumulative deficits of the agricultural water balance since 1980, exacerbating water reliance on depleting groundwater supplies and fluctuating surface water imports. We call this phenomenon of climate-induced increased crop water demand an invisible water surcharge. We found that in the past decade, this invisible water surcharge on agriculture has increased the crop water demand in the SJV by 4.4% with respect to the 1980–2011 timeframe—more than 800 GL per year, a volume as large as a major reservoir in the SJV. Despite potential agronomic adaptation and crop response to climate warming, increased crop water demand adds a stressor to the sustainability of the global fruit and nut supply and calls for changes in management and policies to consider the shifting hydroclimate.
Amalia Guglielminetti, la Femme Fatale y su aplicación didáctica
Authors: Iglesias-Grande Cristina
Published: March 2024

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las iconografías que hacen referencia a la femme fatale dentro de la obra poética de Amalia Guglielminetti. En ellas se reflejan los deseos de emancipación y libertad femeninos, fruto de los cambios sociales que se dieron a principios del siglo xx en Italia. Se propone un método innovador de aplicación didáctica para las aulas, el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (abp), en el que, a través de la investigación por grupos, los alumnos sean capaces de adquirir conocimientos sobre los estudios de género de manera autónoma para, después, ponerlos en común con los compañeros de clase.
Carteggio inedito d’Isabella di Capua (1512-1559)
Authors: Mele Rosanna
Published: March 2024

Mi propongo di presentare l’edizione delle lettere inedite e autografe scritte da Isabella di Capua, principessa di Molfetta. La corrispondenza di 160 lettere ci permette di studiare la vita, finora poco conosciuta, di una donna di grande rilievo del xvi secolo, nota soprattutto per essere stata la consorte di Ferrante Gonzaga, uomo di fiducia del re Carlo V. Nell’epistolario emergono le preoccupazioni, la vita sociale e la sua proiezione pubblica. Le lettere selezionate sono custodite presso l’Archivio di Stato di Modena, Mantova e la Biblioteca Palatina di Parma.
Reasoning in Euclidean Geometry using Information

Invariance Principle
Authors: Amiri Manouchehr
Published: March 2024

This article presents an introduction to a new logical reasoning method for Euclidean geometry basedon the invariance principle of information (data). Due to this principle, any geometrical configuration(shape or entity) in Euclidean geometry possesses a conserved content of geometrical data that could beexpressed as information bits. On the basis of this principle, we explain what is the content of informationbits and how is the analysis of this content in Euclidean geometry. Every geometric structure is actually aset of information bits that define that structure. We discuss the relationship between bits of informationwith the use of straight edge and compass in Euclidean geometry and show that theorems of Euclideangeometry can be expressed in the term of bits of information. In this regard, we show that the abilityto draw a geometric structure, as well as theorems and propositions related to these structures, can bereduced to the rules of the invariance of information bits, and consequently leads to a new reasoningmethod in Euclidean geometry that can be applied for reasoning algorithms in AI. Based on this principlethe converse of corresponding angles postulate and some of the theorems of constructible numbers andregular polygons are proved with concise proofs.
Food Insecurity, Low Household Income, and Low Education Level Increase the Risk of Having Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Fatty Liver Disease Among Adolescents in the United States
Authors: Paik James M. , Duong Sandy , Zelber-Sagi Shira , Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Henry Linda , Younossi Zobair M.
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION:

In the United States, 10.2% households (HH) report child food insecurity. We assessed associations between metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) and food insecurity among the adolescents in the United States.

METHODS:

This cross-sectional study was performed using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018. Food insecurity was assessed by the US Department of Agriculture Child Food Security Survey Module. MASLD was defined by transient elastography.

RESULTS:

Among 771 adolescents (aged 12–18 years) (mean age 14.7 years; 52.5% male; 50.9% White, 12.7% Black, 24.4% Hispanic, and 12.1% other), 9.8% reported food insecurity; MASLD prevalence of 10.12% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.13%–13.20%) affecting 4.27 million adolescents; and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence of 10.77% (95% CI 7.76–13.78) affecting 4.52 million adolescents. There was near-perfect concordance between MASLD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (Cohen's κ coefficient of 0.971, 95% CI 0.946–0.996). The prevalence of MASLD was greater among food-insecure adolescents vs food-secure ones (17.4% vs 9.4%) and adolescents living with a low HH income vs those with a higher HH income (15.0% vs 7.2%) and living with a head of HH with a lower education level vs one with a higher education level (18.0% vs 8.2%) (P < 0.05). The fully adjusted model showed that compared with adolescents living in a higher HH income, food-insecure adolescents living in low income HH had a 3-fold greater risk (odds ratio [OR] 3.25, 1.31–8.08) of having MASLD, while food-secure adolescents living in low-income HH had no increased risk (OR 1.58, 0.85–2.93, P = 0.139). The fully adjusted odds of having MASLD was elevated by +163% with the presence of HTN (OR 2.63, 1.02–6.78), +241% with being Hispanic (OR 3.41, 1.36–8.56), and +138% with being male (OR 2.38, 1.20–4.75). In addition, a 1-unit increase in BMI was associated with 25% increase in the odds of having MASLD (OR 1.25, 1.17–1.33) among US adolescents.

DISCUSSION:

Food insecurity is associated with MASLD among US low-income adolescents especially Hispanic male individuals with obesity and hypertension. Policies addressing inequities are needed.
Research on Sustainable Textile Production: Waterless Dyeing of PET and Recycled PET Fabrics
Authors: Eren Semiha , Akarsu Özenç Aliye , Çeven Nejla
Published: March 2024

Due to water limitations and the growing global demand for raw materials, manufacturers and consumers are seeking more environmentally friendly alternatives. Polyester, a non-biodegradable fibre derived from petroleum, can be replaced with recycled polyester (r-PET), a sustainable alternative that reduces environmental impacts through the reuse of materials. The textile finishing industry, known for its high water and energy consumption, is calling for the development of low-water-consumption technologies. One innovative approach involves waterless dyeing procedures using a supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) medium that is particularly suitable for dyeing synthetic fibres. To assess its effectiveness, a study compared traditional water dyeing with scCO2 medium dyeing on woven fabrics made from both polyester (PET) and recycled polyester (r-PET) fibres with varying weights. After conducting tests on the dyed fabrics, the data revealed that r-PET fabrics dyed using a supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) medium appeared darker than fabrics dyed using traditional water dyeing techniques. Moreover, r-PET fabrics demonstrated better colour fastness. Notably, the K/Ssum values (measurement of colour intensity) of r-PET fabrics were at least as good as those of PET-based fabrics in all cases of dyeing, while the fastness values were similar for both PET and r-PET fabrics.
A novel approach for protein secondary structure prediction using encoder–decoder with attention mechanism model
Authors: Sonsare Pravinkumar M. , Gunavathi Chellamuthu
Published: March 2024

Computational biology faces many challenges like protein secondary structure prediction (PSS), prediction of solvent accessibility, etc. In this work, we addressed PSS prediction. PSS is based on sequence-structure mapping and interaction among amino acid residues. We proposed an encoder–decoder with an attention mechanism model, which considers the mapping of sequence structure and interaction among residues. The attention mechanism is used to select prominent features from amino acid residues. The proposed model is trained on CB513 and CullPDB open datasets using the Nvidia DGX system. We have tested our proposed method for Q
3 and Q
8 accuracy, segment of overlap, and Mathew correlation coefficient. We achieved 70.63 and 78.93% Q
3 and Q
8 accuracy, respectively, on the CullPDB dataset whereas 79.8 and 77.13% Q
3 and Q
8 accuracy on the CB513 dataset. We observed improvement in SOV up to 80.29 and 91.3% on CullPDB and CB513 datasets. We achieved the results using our proposed model in very few epochs, which is better than the state-of-the-art methods.
COVID-19 vaccine reviews on YouTube: What do they say?
Authors: Kang Da-Young , Ki Eyun-Jung
Published: March 2024

After the Covid-19 vaccination started, social media users created an enormous amount of content on the vaccines. Especially in the early stages of vaccination, people searched and watched YouTube videos sharing personal experiences after getting the vaccines (i.e., vaccine review videos), usually titled “I got the COVID-19 vaccine.” Few studies have examined the characteristics and impacts of vaccine review videos on viewers’ responses (e.g., likes, dislikes, comments). This study investigates the content of, and reactions to, the most-viewed Covid-19 vaccine review videos on YouTube, based on the social communication framework. A quantitative content analysis of 148 vaccine review videos revealed their unique characteristics, including source expertise, message valence, narration, and topics. Most of the videos had a positive tone, with some urging vaccination and showing pro-vaccine attitudes. Furthermore, source expertise and hybrid message types (messages conveyed in narrative and informative ways) were not significantly related to positive responses. Rather, non-expert videos received more positive responses. The findings concern the public opinions surrounding new vaccines, including related concerns and attitudes. Given the positive tone of the content, vaccine review content made by diverse groups can be encouraged by public health institutions regardless of the creators’ expertise.
Organoids as preclinical models of human disease: progress and applications
Authors: Chen Baodan , Du Cijie , Wang Mengfei , Guo Jingyi , Liu Xingguo
Published: March 2024

In the field of biomedical research, organoids represent a remarkable advancement that has the potential to revolutionize our approach to studying human diseases even before clinical trials. Organoids are essentially miniature 3D models of specific organs or tissues, enabling scientists to investigate the causes of diseases, test new drugs, and explore personalized medicine within a controlled laboratory setting. Over the past decade, organoid technology has made substantial progress, allowing researchers to create highly detailed environments that closely mimic the human body. These organoids can be generated from various sources, including pluripotent stem cells, specialized tissue cells, and tumor tissue cells. This versatility enables scientists to replicate a wide range of diseases affecting different organ systems, effectively creating disease replicas in a laboratory dish. This exciting capability has provided us with unprecedented insights into the progression of diseases and how we can develop improved treatments. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the progress made in utilizing organoids as preclinical models, aiding our understanding and providing a more effective approach to addressing various human diseases.
Efficient second-harmonic generation of quasi-bound states in the continuum in lithium niobate thin film enhanced by Bloch surface waves
Authors: Lin Yun , Ye Yong , Fang Ziliang , Chen Bingyu , Zhang Haoran , Yang Tiefeng , Wei Yuming , Jin Yunxia , Kong Fanyu , Peng Gangding , Cao Hongchao , Guan Heyuan , Lu Huihui
Published: March 2024

Nonlinear optics has generated a wide range of applications in the fields of optical communications, biomedicine, and materials science, with nonlinear conversion efficiency serving as a vital metric for its progress. However, the weak nonlinear response of materials, high optical loss, and inhomogeneous distribution of the light field hamper the improvement of the conversion efficiency. We present a composite grating waveguide structure integrated into a Bragg reflector platform. This design achieves high Q in the spectral range by exploiting the unique properties exhibited by the bound states in the Bloch surface wave-enhanced continuum, and efficient second-harmonic generation by close-field amplification with the optical field tightly localized in a nonlinear material. By manipulating the symmetry of the grating, a precise tune over the near field within a designated wavelength range can be achieved. Specifically, we select a photonic crystal configuration supporting surface waves, employing TE polarization conditions and an asymmetry factor of −0.1 between the composite gratings. This configuration resonates at a fundamental wavelength of 783.5 nm, exhibiting an impressive Q-factor of 106. Notably, at an incident light intensity of 1.33 GW/cm2, we achieve a normalized electric field strength of up to 940 at the fundamental frequency and a second-harmonic conversion efficiency of up to 6 × 10−3, significantly amplifying the second-harmonic response. The proposed configuration in this investigation has the potential to be integrated into the field of nonlinear optics for sensing frequency conversion applications.
Tropes and play: a new account on embodied figures of thought
Authors: Söffner Jan
Published: March 2024

This paper aims at expanding theories of metaphorical reasoning to other tropes. Asking why figurative language tends to fall into a limited number of patterns, it first examines approaches that offer an answer – ranging from antique rhetoric theory, Hans Blumenberg, Harald Weinrich, Donald Davidson, and Roman Jakobson to George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. By then turning to Giambattista Vico, it puts forth the argument that a limited set of pre-structured ways of embodied reasoning is hard-wired in and enacted by different aspects of children’s ways of playing – and provides the foundation for structures ofthinking inthe adult life.
Chitosan in cancer therapy: a dual role as a therapeutic agent and drug delivery system
Authors: Atmaca Harika , Oguz Ferdi , Ilhan Suleyman
Published: March 2024

Although chemotherapy is still the most preferred treatment for cancer, most chemotherapeutic agents target both cancer cells and healthy cells and cause serious side effects due to high toxicity. Improved drug delivery systems (DDSs), which enhance the efficacy of current chemotherapeutic drugs while reducing their toxicity, offer potential solutions to these challenges. Chitosan (CS) and its derivatives are biopolymers with biodegradable, biocompatible, and low-toxicity properties, and their structure allows for convenient chemical and mechanical modifications. In its role as a therapeutic agent, CS can impede the proliferation of tumor cells through the inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis, as well as by triggering apoptosis. CS and its derivatives are also frequently preferred as DDSs due to their properties such as high drug-carrying capacity, polycationic structure, long-term circulation, and direct targeting of cancer cells. Various therapeutic agents linked to CS and its derivatives demonstrate potent anticancer effects with advantages such as reduced side effects compared to the original drugs, owing to factors like targeted distribution within cancer tissues and sustained release. This review emphasizes the utilization of CS and its derivatives, both as therapeutic agents and as carriers for established chemotherapeutic drugs.
Vom Verein zum Unternehmen?
Authors: Ahrens Ralf
Published: March 2024

Using the example of the German Mechanical and Plant Engineering Association (Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau, VDMA), this paper examines the viability of corporate history approaches in the history of the associations. The VDMA, one of the largest trade associations in the Federal Republic of Germany, faced increasing criticism from its member companies in the late 60s. The complex organisation, which had to reconcile the interests of some three dozen branches of industry and various regional groups, was considered inefficient and lacking in profile. The reaction was to launch a reform programme with rationalisation measures, a modern image policy and an expansion of the range of services on offer that showed certain traits of entrepreneurial behaviour. At the same time, the dues system was reformed, but the introduction of a splitting of the dues to the association’s headquarters and the branches was dispensed in order not to endanger the cohesion of interests. Both areas of reform thus demonstrate the imits of entrepreneurial logic in the organisation of an association.
SINGULARITY AND VISUAL PERCEPTION
Authors: Porto André
Published: March 2024

This paper deals with the mutations in Wittgenstein’s treatment of the notions of “generality”and of “singularity”, from his first philosophy, in the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, to his later maturephilosophy represented by the Philosophical Investigations. As we shall see, Wittgenstein’s philosophicalhandling of the notion of “visual perception” plays a key role in those conceptual transformations.
Location- and Object-Based Representational Mechanisms Account for Bilateral Field Advantage in Multiple-Object Tracking
Authors: Merkel Christian , Hopf Jens-Max , Schoenfeld Mircea Ariel
Published: March 2024

Keeping track of multiple visually identical and independently moving objects is a remarkable feature of the human visual system. Theoretical accounts for this ability focus on resource-based models that describe parametric decreases of performance with increasing demands during the task (i.e., more relevant items, closer distances, higher speed). Additionally, the presence of two central tracking resources, one within each hemisphere, has been proposed, allowing for an independent maintenance of moving targets within each visual hemifield. Behavioral evidence in favor of such a model shows that human subjects are able to track almost twice as many targets across both hemifields compared with within one hemifield. A number of recent publications argue for two separate and parallel tracking mechanisms during standard object tracking tasks that allow for the maintenance of the relevant information in a location-based and object-based manner. Unique electrophysiological correlates for each of those processes have been identified. The current study shows that these electrophysiological components are differentially present during tracking within either the left or right hemifield. The present results suggest that targets are mostly maintained as an object-based representation during left hemifield tracking, while location-based resources are preferentially engaged during right hemifield tracking. Interestingly, the manner of representation does not seem to have an impact on behavioral performance within the subjects, while the electrophysiological component indicating object-based tracking does correlate with performance between subjects. We propose that hemifield independence during multiple-object tracking may be an indication of the underlying hemispheric bias for parallel location-based and object-based tracking mechanisms.
The phenology of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the North Atlantic does not trend with temperature
Authors: Friedland Kevin D. , Nielsen Jens M. , Record Nicholas R. , Brady Damian C. , Morrow Clay J.
Published: March 2024

Climate change is anticipated to alter the phenology of phytoplankton blooms in the ocean, making their recent dynamics of interest to inform models of future ocean states. We characterized temperature change in the North Atlantic using metrics that track the patterns of sea surface water temperature (SST) defined by quantiles. To complement these thermal indicators, we estimated a thermal phenology index in the form of the date of the spring transition, taken as the date that temperature achieved the long-term mean at a specific location. We then used ocean color data (1998–2022) and characterized spring bloom phenology using change point methods to derive bloom initiation, duration, magnitude, and intensity. The North Atlantic has warmed over recent decades, averaging a rate of increase of 0.27°C decade−1, yet throughout most of the basin, spring transition timing has remained constant, with the exception of small areas with either delayed or advanced transitions. There were no clear trends in bloom start or duration in the North Atlantic, indicating that spring bloom phenology was independent of climate-driven temperature change. Bloom magnitude and intensity trended downward in some North Atlantic continental shelf seas, indicating that increased temperatures may have had negative effects on overall bloom productivity. However, exclusive of the areas where the bloom parameters were trending, there was a decrease in magnitude and intensity with warmer winter temperatures, suggesting that the inter-annual variability of these parameters may be affected by thermal conditions at the onset of the bloom. While temperature has increased in the North Atlantic, vernal light availability has remained unchanged, which may explain why spring bloom phenology has remained resistant to climate change. Consequently, it seems plausible that future climate change may have limited effects on spring bloom phenology, but could have substantial effects on overall phytoplankton production.
First principles insights into Cs2XAgCl6 (X= Sc, Y) compounds for energy harvesting applications
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia, Aldaghfag S. A. , Nasarullah  ,   Spin-Optoelectronics and Ferro-Thermoelectric (SOFT) Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan, Aziz A. ,   Spin-Optoelectronics and Ferro-Thermoelectric (SOFT) Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan, Ishfaq M. ,   Spin-Optoelectronics and Ferro-Thermoelectric (SOFT) Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan, Yaseen M. ,   Spin-Optoelectronics and Ferro-Thermoelectric (SOFT) Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan, Hafsa  ,   Spin-Optoelectronics and Ferro-Thermoelectric (SOFT) Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan, Jamshaid S. ,   Spin-Optoelectronics and Ferro-Thermoelectric (SOFT) Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Published: March 2024

Herein, the investigation is presented to analyze the structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric features of Cs2XAgCl6 (X= Sc, Y) by applying the first principles approach. The confirmation of the stable structure of both compounds is reinforced by the negative values of formation enthalpies. The electronic band gaps (Eg) of 3.78/4.86 eV are computed for Cs2ScAgCl6 /Cs2YAgCl6 through Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson (TBmBJ) potential, correspondingly. The tolerance factor(τ) is found as 0.9 for Cs2ScAgCl6 and 1.0 for Cs2YAgCl6 which confirmed the stable cubic nature of both compounds. Optical factors like dielectric-function ε(ω), absorption coefficient α(ω), and others related parameters are analyzed within 0 to 10 eV of energy span. Both compounds demonstrated high absorption in the ultraviolet region, rendering them as well-suited materials for photovoltaic applications. The calculated values of refractive index for Cs2ScAgCl6 and Cs2YAgCl6 indicated super-luminescent characteristics in the ultraviolet region. For thermoelectric (TE) features, electrical conductivity (σ/τ), figure of merit (ZT), power factor (PF), thermal conductivity (k/τ), and Seebeck coefficient (S) are calculated using the BoltzTraP code. According to the findings, both materials are advocated as promising candidates for thermoelectric and optoelectronic applications.
Photoassisted activation of persulfate by Cu2(OH)2CO3 for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride
Authors:   Institute of Traffic Engineering, Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030619, China, Li S. J. , Pang E. ,   Research Group of New Energy Materials and Devices, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China, Zhao W. J. ,   School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Published: March 2024

Cu2(OH)2CO3 (cupric carbonate basic, CCB) is a common copper-based semiconductor compound that can absorb the visible light due to its suitable bandgap structure. Here, CCB was synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal strategy. The catalyst exhibited excellent activation activity of persulfate (PS) supported by visible light irradiation and can degrade tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) over a wide pH range from 3.0 to 10.0. Under the condition of 0.1 g/L catalyst and 2 mM PS, the removal rate of TCH (30 mg/L) reached 96% after 60 min of visible light irradiation. Coexisting anions (Cl- , HCO3 - , SO4 2- ) had little effect on the TCH degradation. The synergistic effects of CCB combined with PS and visible light were beneficial for the separation of photogenerated hole-electrons and the generation of more free radicals. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments and quenching experiments show that HO∙ and h+ are the predominant species in the catalytic reaction. Thus, this study proposes a promising approach using the CCB/PS/Vis system for wastewater remediation.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA POLA BUSANA ZERO WASTE MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI CLO VIRTUAL FASHION 3D DI SMK NEGERI 1 PRINGAPUS
Authors: Widya Meitri , Setyowati Erna
Published: March 2024

Media pembelajaran merupakan alat yang dapat memperjelas materi sehingga pembelajaran dapat lebih efektif. Hasil observasi awal di SMK Negeri 1 Pringapus penggunaan media pembelajaran masih belum optimal dengan penggunaan media yang tepat sesuai capaian pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan produk media pembelajaran pola busana zero waste menggunakan aplikasi clo virtual fashion 3D dengan pendekatan RnD yang menerapkan 8 tahapan. Subjek penelitian yaitu 60 peserta didik kelas XI Busana Butik dengan pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik sampling sistematis. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu: 1) menghasilkan produk media pembelajaran dari penggunaan media papan tulis, jobsheet, dan modul menjadi powerpoint dan video tutorial. 2) Kelayakan media yang dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif persentase dari hasil validasi ahli materi, media, dan teknologi pada aspek pembelajaran, isi/materi, tampilan dan teknologi mendapatkan rata-rata 96,60% dengan kriteria valid. Hasil uji coba produk pada kelompok kecil mendapatkan hasil 87,76% dan uji coba kelompok besar mendapatkan rata-rata 89,01% dengan kategori sangat layak.
Gabrielino-Tongva Bibliography
Authors:   William H. Hannon Library
Published: March 2024

The Gabrielino-Tongva Bibliography is an openly licensed, annotated bibliography of published and archival resources on the Gabrielino-Tongva tribe. This project builds upon an earlier printed version of the bibliography, to promote wider dissemination of Gabrielino-Tongva-centric resources and scholarship.
Fibre Collapse and Sheet Structure
Authors:   University of Rhode Island, Department of Natural Resources, Görres J. , Amiri R. ,   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Grondin M. ,   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Wood J. R. ,   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada
Published: March 2024

A stylus profilometer has been used to evaluate the effect of wet pressing on the collapse of individual fibres from mechanical, chemimechanical and chemical pulps. The chemimechanical and chemical pulp fibres begin to collapse at low pressures and approach complete collapse at high pressures, while the mechanical pulp fibres do not exceed 80% collapse to 5000 kPa. The degree of collapse of southern pine TMP at a given pressure is about the same as that of northeastern spruce/balsam TMP. Since the thick-walled Southern pine fibres are less flexible, it is concluded that transverse collapsibility and flexibility are two independent fibre properties. On the basis of modelling results and the difference between fibre thickness-measurement from networks pressed in contact with smooth and with rough surfaces, it is suggested that wet pressure transferred locally at fibre contacts within a sheet leads to local collapse forces higher- than expected from nominal wet pressure values. Fibre contacts are initially present in the unpressed sheet.On pressing, free fibre segments will be deflected into contact with other segments above or below them, producing additional fibre crossings as pressing progresses . The effective pressing pressure will be highest at the initial fibre contacts, decreasing to zero at contacts just formed at the end of pressing. Because of the demonstrated effect of wet pressure on fibre collapse, it is the thickness at the initial fibre contacts or those formed early in the pressing process that is important in determining sheet density. Use of the more appropriate fibre thicknesses, substantially improves the prediction of sheet density by the Interactive Multiplanar Model of sheet structure for a range of pulp types.
Paper and Print Noise as Limiting Factors of Information Capacity
Authors:   Helsinki University of Technology, Saarelma Hannu J. , Oittinen Pirkko T. ,   Helsinki University of Technology
Published: March 2024

Print noise and its effect on information capacity and visual image quality are analyzed. Noise in prints originates from the signal (immaterial image information), the printing process and the materials. The frequency bands and orders of magnitude of the noise associated with the different sources are discussed with emphasis on general principles and limits in off set printing.
Physical Aging and Glass Transition: Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Paper and Board
Authors:   Amcor Research & Technology Centre, Padanyi Z. V.
Published: March 2024

Physical aging is a general process appearing in all amorphous or partially amorphous materials below the glass transition and is a fundamental characteristic of the glassy state. It is shown here that paper is no exception and the same behaviour is observable as in other materials. The aging process represents the slow movement of a glassy molecular network towards equilibrium and displays the ‘universal’ characteristics of strong age-dependence of some properties, scaling behaviour, reversibility, and relaxations which follow a stretched exponential or Kohlrausch law. Physical aging in paper is readily reversed by moisture sorption, which lends the aging effect particular practical importance. Small-strain mechanical viscoelastic properties such as creep and stress relaxation rates are strongly affected by age; this has very significant implications for the performance of paper webs or structures subject to short or long term endurance loading. A measurable but less important effect is also demonstrated for a very large-strain property, CD Ring Crush. The rate at which moisture is sorbed is strongly age dependent. Attempts to measure the glass-transition temperature in paper, and its dependence on moisture content, by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis are described; the results were inconclusive.
Analysis of the Strain Field in a Twisted Sandwich Panel with Application to Determining the Shear Stiffness of Corrugated Fibreboard
Authors:   Amcor Research and Technology Centre, McKinlay P. R.
Published: March 2024

Accurate measurement of the shear stiffness of corrugated fibreboard and other high performance sandwich panels is difficult because most loading strategies required to introduce shear stresses also introduce secondary effects, which complicate the measurement. This paper analysis the strain field introduced by twisting a strip of material and demonstrates a simple relationship for accurately determining the shear stiffness of corrugated fibreboard and other high performance sandwich panels.
The Edgewise Compression Creep of Paperboard: New Principles of Evaluation
Authors:   STFI, Box 5604, 114 86 STOCKHOLM, Sweden, Haraldsson Tony , Fellers Christer ,   STFI, Box 5604, 114 86 STOCKHOLM, Sweden, Kolseth Peter ,   STFI, Box 5604, 114 86 STOCKHOLM, Sweden
Published: March 2024

A suggested method to describe the creep behaviour of paperboard in edgewise compression works for paperboard in the same way as for other polymers. The relation between stress, strain and time maybe determined by a simple equation involving two factors, a power function of time and a factor describing the non-linear behaviour of the stress-strain curve. For engineering purposes, it is an advantage to be able to design a given product in terms of stress and strain in isochronous curves. In some applications the critical design criteria maybe governed by a critical strain. For such applications isometric curves, i.e. stress versus time at different strains, are used. The strain at break in compression of the investigated paperboards was found to be independent of time. The strain to break in creep was equal to the strain at break for stress-strain testing under strain control. By inserting the strain at break in creep in the creep equation, the isometric curve at break could be derived which by definition gives the relation between stress and lifetime. The data in this investigation indicate that a rather small number of specimens and a reasonably short creep time are sufficient to provide a good prediction of the long-term creep behaviour. In other words, the creep of paper follows the fundamental behaviour of the material already established at short times, and described by the creep equation.
Marija Gimbutas and the Ethnic Origin of the Baltic Nation
Authors: Merkevičius Algimantas
Published: March 2024

Birutė Marija Alseikaitė-Gimbutienė (English Marija Gimbutas), is one of the most prominent and well-known archaeologists of the 20th century, pioneer of archaeomythology, creator of new theories in archaeology. In her scientific research, she paid a great attention to the ethnic origins and development of nations.This article analyzes the Theory of Baltic Ethnic Origins formulated by Gimbutas. The solution to this important scientific problem involves two main research stages. The first stage is formulation of the Theory of Indo-European homeland, named the Kurgans Theory. The second stage is formulation of the Theory of the origins of Balts. According to Gimbutas, a few cultural systems participated in the formation of the Balts: the indoeuropeans and substrat culture, that is Indo-Europeanized people of Central Europe. The Indo-Europeans migrated from their homeland, located in the steppe zone north of the Black and Caspian seas, in three waves between 4400/4200 and 3000/2800 BC, ultimately reaching Europe and Indo-Europeanizing it.A secondary Indo-European Homeland was formed in Central Europe, from which the Indo-European culture spread to the Baltic region and other European regions.The last, third wave of newcomers, from around 3000–2800 BC, had the greatest influence on the southeastern and eastern Baltic region and the surrounding territories. During several centuries of assimilation between local inhabitants and newcomers, around 2500–2000 BC, in the territory between the Vistula River in the west and the Volga and Oka rivers in the east, several cultural groups of Proto-Balts were formed. During further ethnocultural processes, around 2000 BC. the Baltic ethnos was formed. In the 2nd and 1st millennium BC. and in the first part of the 1st millennium AD the Balts inhabited a huge area in the North Eastern part of Europe.