bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Properties of Selected Lightweight Wooden Walls and Windows in the Regime of Long Time Testing
Authors: Ďurica Pavol , Ďuriníková Mária , Ponechal Radoslav , Štaffenová Daniela , Štúňová Marianna
Published: February 2014

The article presents the partial knowledge of the area of building thermal physics. The goal is to evaluate the measured data ​​of the temperatures the lightweight-construction of external wall, which is made in three different material solutions and three different colored exterior side surfaces and evaluation of thermal parameters of three window constructions from different material and different glass systems. It is a measurement of two chambers of the pavilion type, where the samples are placed on the facade and they are exposed to the real action of external climatic factors. From the inside they are made ​​stationary conditions. The rooms have minimized heat loss of heat passing through interior walls and air filtration.Temperature measurements are made at different places of assessed constructions and they underway continuously throughout the year. The article will publish initial results only of temperature measurements. After completing the laboratory of additional sensors will be able to be processed year round thermal balance observed envelope and opening constructions.
Transient Pulse Method for Measuring of Heat Conductivity of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
Authors: Vertaľ Marián , Katunský Dušan , Šimiček Jozef
Published: February 2014

The heat conductivity, specific heat and bulk density are the basic material parameters and thus indispensable. There are numbers of methods used for measurement of heat conductivity. However, the non-stationary (transient pulse method) measurements methods are preferred for description of heat conductivity moisture dependence. This article discusses on the establishment dependence of heat conductivity on water content for selected porous building materials by using non stationary measurement methods. Dependence of the thermal conductivity on the water content is necessary for coupled heat, air and moisture (HAM) simulation in building construction.
Effects of Smoke on Evacuation
Authors: Lopušniak Martin
Published: February 2014

Smoke is often presents during a fire. It affects efficiency of evacuations in buildings. Slovakian national standards do not consider any fire products in evacuation calculations. The paper presents results of evacuation calculations with considerations of smoke. Calculations are done with the evacuation model buildingEXODUS on a hotel building. Results show that prolongation of evacuation time is up to 162%. Results show that the prolongation of evacuation time is up to 162 %, and also show the prolongation of evacuation time do not necessary depend on size, but on position of smoke.
Risk Analysis of Steel Construction Projects Documentation Blast Furnaces
Authors: Dobiášová Silvie , Kubečka Karel
Published: February 2014

This paper shows the example of the blast furnace project risk assessment project documentation. Evaluation is performed by expert Universal Matrix of Risk Analysis (UMRA) and in the second part will be aligned with the evaluation using RPN index. Individual analysis of the research questions will reveal whether and to what extent it is necessary to deliver it to the weighting of individual factors or whether it is sufficient to use a constant scale factor input data.
The Concept of Minimalism in Sustainable Residential Buildings
Authors: Selcová Ľubica
Published: February 2014

The concept of minimalism in residential buildings accompanied mankind from the beginning of the existence of primary dwelling. The contribution analyses and summarizes historical theory of minimalism in housing and compares it with current architectural realizations, new trends, and experiments in the future in term of sustainability, economy, efficiency and savings. Financial economy and efficiency of construction is not resulting automatically from the minimalist concept of residential buildings. A residential building, which is minimalistic may not be sustainable, or energy efficient yet.
Building Sector & Climate Change: The Case of Hungary
Authors: Talamon Attila
Published: February 2014

Building sector plays an important role in climate impacts mitigation, as it is responsible for 40% of global energy use and global GHG emissions. Climate change has a dual implication on the built environment: on one hand human settlements and buildings are vulnerable to the effects of changing climate and on the other hand the building sector has a significant climate change mitigation potential. Although nowadays the trends are positive, the share of newly built low-energy buildings is very low, the near-zero-energy building market is in its early phase. Simultaneously the optimizing technologies in the building design are strongly highlighted. The presence of the energy and environment efficient buildings and the stringent building energy regulations of the EU need more accurate building design. The constant design parameters will come to foreground and their role will be appreciated. The relevant sustainable development and building policies, as well as the building design, construction and maintenance should jointly respond both to adaptation to and mitigation of climate change. This paper focuses the relevance of the main constant design parameter: How to take into account the increasing outdoor temperature in the building energy design.
Progress in Development of Catalyst Systems for Coordinated Polymerization of Olefins
Authors: Zhou Wei , Zhong Lei , Li Wei Dong
Published: February 2014

The research progresses about polyolefin catalyst systems in recent years are summarized. Focusing on the type and properties of the catalytic polymerization of the olefin polymerization catalyst, including typical Ziegler-Natta catalysts, metallocene catalysts and post-transition metal catalyst system. Then the new post-transition metal catalyst is introduced.
A Closed Form Solution for Wave Propagation in a Rectangular Waveguide Filled with Time-Varying Media
Authors: Chen Bing Kang , Guo Feng
Published: February 2014

In this paper, the solution and some propagation characteristics of waves inside a rectangular waveguide in the time-varying media are presented. The separation of variables method is used to get a closed form solution i.e. accurate expression for TE mode when the permittivity of media changes with respect to time. It is clearly shown that both the amplitude and frequency of the waves in rectangular waveguide change with respect to time in time-varying permittivity.
Study of Molecular Structure of Water-Soluble Phenolic Resin with Different Molecular Weight by Infrared Spectrum
Authors: Lei Xing , Xu Gui Long , Yang Jin , Hu Jian
Published: February 2014

Water-soluble phenolic resin was prepared using sodium hydroxide and ammonia as catalysts. The molecular structure of water-soluble phenolic with different molecular weight was studied by infrared spectrum and the mechanism was discussed. The results show that addition reaction and polycondensation synchronize in the reaction process, while addition reaction dominates in the early stage while polycondensation dominates in the later stage.
Preparation of Functional Particles Modified Epoxy Multilayer Composite and their Radiation Shielding Properties
Authors: Zhang Hong Xu , Chang Shu Quan , Kang Bin , Sheng Bo , Dai Yao Dong
Published: February 2014

Several kinds of functional particles modified epoxy multilayer composite, which were constituted with lead acrylate/erbium oxide/epoxy and tungsten oxide/erbium oxide/epoxy layer by layer, were successfully prepared. The shielding properties under different γ-ray were tested and discussed in detail. Multilayer composite exhibited higher shielding ability to lower energy γ-ray. The radiation shielding rates of four samples were all above 80% when the energy of γ-ray was about 79.9 keV. The results also revealed that stacking sequence of layer with different functional particles will affect their radiation shielding ability when the energy of γ-ray was low.
The Influences of Holmium on Microstructure and Properties of In Situ Mg2Si/Al Composites
Authors: Liu Yong Tian , Tong Xian , Lin Ji Xing , Niu Li Yuan , Li Guang Yu
Published: February 2014

In this study, Mg2Si in in-situ Mg2Si/Al composites were subjected to modification treatment using rare earth element Holmium (Ho). The phase composition and microstructure before and after modification of Mg2Si were also analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscope (OM); in addition, its mechanical properties were detected as well. The results showed that moderate addition of rare earth element Ho in in-situ Mg2Si/Al composites presents good modification effects on Mg2Si, the morphology of primary Mg2Si was changed from cross shape before modification to dispersed irregular mass; optimal modification effect was obtained when 0.4% rare earth element Ho was added. Under this condition, the average size of primary Mg2Si was decreased from 74 μm before modification to 16 μm; its mechanical properties were promoted significantly; and its tensile strength increased from 134 MPa before modification to 174.6 MPa, its brinell hardness elevated from 76 HB to 90 HB.
Synthesis of a Surfactant Hexadecyl Methyl Dihydroxyethyl Ammonium Bromide by a Non-Solvent Synthesis Method
Authors: Zhang Li Ping , Zheng Cheng , Zhou Yong Qiang , Chen Yue Kai
Published: February 2014

1-Bromohexadecane (BHD) and N-Methyl diethanol amine (MDEA) are applied as reactants, to synthesize the surfactant hexadecyl methyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium bromide (HMDAB). The product was analyzed by IR,1H NMR and MS. The best reaction conditions are obtained by single feature experiment method: 110°C, molar ratio of reactants n (BHD):n (MDEA) = 1.1:1, reaction time 110min, and scale up in a 10 L reactor in similar condition. Finally the surface tension of 24.8 mN·m-1 was identified, showing that the HMDAB has good solubilization, foaming and emulsifying properties.
Novel Honeycomb Glassfiber Mat as the Core of Vacuum Insulation Panel
Authors: Li Cheng Dong , Chen Zhao Feng
Published: February 2014

Vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) are regarded as one of the most promising high-performance thermal insulation solutions on the market today. In this paper, a novel structure, i.e., honeycomb glassfiber mat was proposed as the core material of VIP. The honeycomb glassfiber mat was composed of glass wool mat and glassfiber chopped strand mat. Among them, 70% centrifugal glass wool and 30% flame attenuated glass wool were mixed together to form the 0.5mm-thickness glass wool mat, while thirteen holes with diameter of 10mm were opened uniformly on the surface of glassfiber chopped strand mat. Glassfiber VIPs possessed honeycomb core material have superior thermal conductivity of 1.52mW/(m•K). In order to obtain better thermal insulation performance, ultrafine and stiff fibers with three-dimensional overlapping structure is preferable. Meanwhile, hollow fibers with bifurcated structure are the guarantee of high-strength core material.
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel γ-PGA/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Shu Xiu Lin , Shi Qing Shan , Xie Xiao Bao , Huang Xiao Mo , Chen Yi Ben
Published: February 2014

In order to improvedβ-TCP biocompatibility and cell growth, was chosen to modify β-TCP matrices to produce a γ-PGA/β-TCP composite biomaterial. Then, the morphology, water uptake and retention abilities,in vitrodegradation property in the simulated medium, cytotoxicity of this novel γ-PGA/β-TCP composite is investigated. SEM shows that the γ-PGA/β-TCP composite has a porous structure. By increasing the percentage ofγ-PGA from 0% to 50%, the swelling ratio of the composite s was enhanced from 9.0%to 297%. These data suggested that the surface hydrophilicity, water absorption rate, and swelling ratio were improved by adding γ-PGA to the composite. In the cytocompatibility test, the density of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts cells on the PTCP1:1 leachates was almost 110% higher than that on the controls on day 3. Therefore, the γ-PGA/β-TCP composite scaffolds, due to their better hydrophilicity, cytocompatibility, and porous structure, are very promising biomaterials for tissure engineering applications.
Double-Chain Tight-Binding Model to Calculate Conductance of DNA
Authors: Zhang Qing Feng
Published: February 2014

In this thesis, aperiodic genomic DNA have weak charge transfer; the transmission coefficient of DNA with short period sequence does not seem to depend on the length, yet differently, the transmission pattern of aperiodic genomic DNA sequences strongly depends on the strand length. As the number of corresponding bases increases, fewer states will present good transmission ability, because aperiodic increasing bases make more backscattering; at low temperature, the transmission spectrum presents a higher number of transmitting states, due to a breaking of level degeneracy. At higher temperature, the number of transmitting states decreases; Small intrastrand hopping integral does not seem to diminish the transmission coefficient, but shrinks the location in the three-dimension figure. And the distribution of energy is concentrated.
Synthesis and Evaluation Methacrylate-Based Monolithic Materials Mixed with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Feng Rui
Published: February 2014

An effective approach to synthesize methacrylate-based hybrid monoliths was carried out by photopolymerization and the properties of the obtained monoliths mixed with mult-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) were studied in this paper. The prepared hybrid materials with MWNT in the range of 0-5% total weight of monomers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mercury intrusion porosimetry, respectively. Moreover, their porosities were evaluated by the determination of flow rate for different prepared monolithic capillaries. The results showed that the monoliths with more MWNT (1-5%) possessed larger pore sizes between 1-10 μm. The hybrid monoliths have the potential advantages including stronger hydrophobic properties and less resistance for the application of reversed phase liquid chromatography in the micro-column separation.
Corrosion Behaviors of Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr Alloys in CO2 Atmosphere under Different Relative Humidity
Authors: Jiang Quan Tong , Li Xing Gang , Li Yong Jun , Ma Ming Long , Shi Guo Liang , Yuan Jia Wei
Published: February 2014

The corrosion behaviors of peak-aged Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr alloys in CO2atmosphere under different relative humidity were investigated by OM, SEM. The weight loss rates, corrosion morphology and residual mechanical properties were also analyzed. The corrosion rates of specimens in CO2atmosphere at 70% relative humidity were highest than others. Relevancy of the influence factors included relative humidity and concentration of CO2were researched. The results show that relative humidity and concentration of CO2in the environment both played an important role in corrosion behaviors.
Effect of Rotating Magnetic Field on Fluid Convection and Microstructure during Directional Solidification of Sn-Zn Alloy
Authors: Chen Zhao , Wen Xiao Li , Chen Chang Le
Published: February 2014

The solidification behaviors of Sn-Zn alloy under rotating magnetic field (RMF) with different magnetic intensities and different rotating frequencies were investigated, and the velocity of the convection induced by RMF was calculated. It is found that the trunk length of the precipitated phase reduces with the increase of magnetic intensity and rotating frequency, and the precipitated-phase distribution is more uniform. The tangential rate increases with increasing the magnetic intensity and rotating frequency, and reaches the maximum value at about 0.55r0. All the results indicate that the solidification microstructure is attributed to the effect of RMF on the nucleation, temperature fluctuation and fluid convection in the solidification process. It predicts that RMF presents obvious advantages on controlling solidification microstructure.
Design of an Innovative Large FRP Pultruded Structure
Authors: Boscato Giosuè , Dal Cin Alessandra
Published: February 2014

The paper shows the approach toward the construction of a very large Pultruded Fibre Reinforced Polymer (PFRP) temporary structure realized to accommodate future restoration work and to cover a historic church stroked and partially collapsed by 2009 LAquila earthquake. The aim regards the analysis and evaluation of seismic performance of that structure made by very light and elastic-brittle material, as FRP material, in a moment in which there is a loss of technical recommendation for specific calculation in seismic field, indeed actually some deepening already present in literature allows only static field. The covering structure is an all FRP spatial-reticular with elements made by pultrusion process, connection plates by bag molding process and steel bolts. The PFRP structure covers more than 1050 meters squares surface with 32 meters height and only 100 kN weight. Detail performance of first part of PFRP structure through mode vibrations and involved percentage mass deduced by numerical approach with discussion of employments perspectives of PFRP material in seismic zones than traditional material are showed.
Experimental Study of Rockfill Particle Breakage
Authors: Xu Zhi Hua , Sun Da Wei
Published: February 2014

As the high concrete faced rockfill dams construction, grain breakage gradually become the factors that influence the high dam construction which can not be ignored. This text based on the master of rockfill of shuibuya dam as the experimental material, getting and analyzing the particle breakage data under different confining pressure through the large-scale triaxial test, and the results show that the particle breakage index increases with the increase of confining pressures. The relationship between particle breakage index and confining pressure can be expressed by formula;Particle breakage increase leading to reduced internal friction angle and the shear strength of rockfill, and the author newly introduced two broken variable to describe the relationship which can be expressed by the formula between the particle breakage and internal friction angle, it has certain reference value for establishing constitutive model considering particle breakage.
Performance of Different Connections for a SFGP-RC Prototype Panel
Authors: Boscato Giosuè , Dal Cin Alessandra
Published: February 2014

The aim of this research regards the evaluation of mechanical performance of a prototype panel made by steel fiber reinforced concrete, SFRC, on the top, and fiber reinforced pultruded sandwich panel, GFRP, on the bottom, subjected to combined moment-shear actions through four-bending test. Two different mechanical solutions were used for the connection of the panels. A first steel connection previously designed and a second one with resin applied uniformly on the surface of GFRP panel. The SFRC-G panel involves the analysis of the weakness of GFRP material due to its very low deformability, the risk of the local instability and the elastic brittle behaviour till the collapse, while steel is obviously characterized by elastic-plastic curve. However in the test proposed the ultimate limit state (SLU) involves first of all the loss of bond strength between materials. The panels length/thickness ratio has been previously designed to give prominence to flexural-shear combined actions and in verifying the connections capacity.
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Steel-Reactive Powder Concrete Composite Beams
Authors: Han Li Zhong , Zhang Jin Quan , Nie Jian Guo
Published: February 2014

Concrete slab in the negative moment area of continuous steel-concrete composite beams is prone to crack due to the low tension strength of common concrete, which could result in the decreasing of the strength and durability. To solve this problem, a method of replacing the concrete slab with reactive powder concrete (RPC) slab which is of super high strength, durability, toughness and volume stabilization is presented. According to the constitutive relation and the high tension strength of RPC, the normal section failure mode is defined as the critical crack state, and the calculation formula of ultimate bearing capacity is deduced. Finally, some parameters that influence the ultimate bearing capacity are analyzed, such as the height ratio of RPC slab to whole beam, width ratio of RPC slab to steel beam, and the ratio of reinforcement of RPC slab. Compared with the steel-concrete composite beams, it is indicated that in the precondition of RPC slab unallowable crack in negative moment area, the ultimate bearing capacity of steel-RPC composite beams can still be increased, and the crack resistance, stiffness and durability can all be enhanced greatly.
Analysis of Bearing Capacity of Eccentrically Loaded GFRP Tube Columns Filled with Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Li Tian , Zhou Xin Yu , Wu Ya Jun , Wu Dian Chen , Guan Hai Wei
Published: February 2014

Based on the eccentric loaded simulations of 30 GFRP tube columns filled with reinforced concrete, and comparative analysis with the corresponding experiments, for ultimate load analysis GFRP tube columns filled with reinforced concrete, establish the models of GFRP tube columns filled with reinforced concrete, and prove accuracy of the models.
Process Parameters of Rubber Powder Particles Modified Asphalt
Authors: Mao Yu , Liu Yang , Hao Pei Wen , Wang Hai Nian
Published: February 2014

A new type rubber powder particle modifier can be produced by adding some performance improvement additives into normal 40-60 mesh rubber powder, and re-granulation, it mixed well with the base asphalt, having less airborne dust and better performance. Researching the performance indicators of rubber powder particles modified asphalt under different process parameters through the adjustment of shear temperature, shear rate, shear time, and the dosage of rubber powder in the process of producing rubber powder particles modified asphalt, determining the optimal process parameters, and the road performance indicators of the modified asphalt mixture has been verified.
Corrosion Behavior of the Composite Coatings Prepared on Magnesium Alloy AZ91 in Na2SO4 Solution
Authors: Shang Wei , Yin Zhou Lan , Wen Yu Qing , Wang Xu Feng
Published: February 2014

The composite coatings were obtained on a magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and sol-gel technique. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of MAO coating and composite coatings in a 3.5% Na2SO4 solution. The results show that corrosion behavior of the MAO coating and composite coatings are different at different immersion times. The corrosion resistance of composite coatings is good than that of MAO coating.
Impedance Behavior of the Composite Coatings Prepared on Magnesium Alloy AZ91 in Simulated Seawater Solution
Authors: Shang Wei , Yin Zhou Lan , Wen Yu Qing , Wang Xu Feng
Published: February 2014

The composite coatings were obtained on a magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation and sol-gel technique. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of MAO coating and composite coatings in a simulated seawater solution. The results show that corrosion behavior of the MAO coating and composite coatings are different at different immersion times. Corrosion protection of the MAO coating gradually weaken with the extension of soaking time, but corrosion protection of the composite coatings become stronger first and then weaken.
Development and Application of a Cutting - Abrasive Impregnated Diamond Bit
Authors: Zhao Hong Shan , Zhang Kun
Published: February 2014

Igneous rocks of Junggar Basin are hard, strong abrasive and poor drillability. ROP is low in drilling these rocks, and drilling cycle is long, which seriously affect the process of exploration and development in the Carboniferous reservoir. Considering the igneous rock formation characteristics and the drilling problems, using PDC impregnated diamond high strength, super abrasion as the main rock breaking device, a new type of cutting and grinding of diamond impregnated bit was developed. This bit has the following characteristics: Compound cutting structure with blades and cylindrical Impregnated cutters; big nozzle in the center + deep radiation water slot hydraulic structures; Natural diamond and TSP lengthened gauge design; Selection of 40/50 mesh diamond grit, mix two kinds of inserts with diamond concentration 70%.The bit has the combination of impregnated bit and PDC drill bit technical advantages, which improve the bit adaptability to the formations. Hassan3 Carboniferous igneous formations field test shows that: average ROP is 0.71m / h, single bit footage is 86.5m, which increased by about 20% and 302% respectively compared with high efficient three-roller bits. The success usage of this bit in Hassan 3 provide an effective means for high quality fast drilling in Junggar Basin igneous rock formation.
Simulation and Stress Analysis of U-Shaped Seam Welding Process Based on ABAQUS
Authors: Zhang Hong Zhi , Sheng Xuan Yu
Published: February 2014

At present, there is large-scale trend for chemical containers and reaction tower in the industry. In the large-scale equipment, U-shaped weld structure are widely used for splice weld of container wall. In this paper, by ABAQUS software, using plane models, U-shaped seam welding process was simulated which was commonly used in pressure vessels and tower equipment. For welding material part, the calculation use of "dead-actived elements" technique, and the weld material part was divided into finer grid. The calculation model of the plane model was created using CATIA software, the software plug-in software was used to transform the model to directly read the ABAQUS software model. Calculation can be given to each welding temperature distribution and stress distribution. At the same time, the welding process to consider the cooling after welding. Computer simulation gave the overall structure of the stress distribution and strain energy curve.
Study on the Double Pulse Laser Dynamic Electronic Speckle Measurement Based on FPGA
Authors: Yu Fu Sheng , Li Teng Fei , Wu Yan Chao , Sun Zhong Guo , Yin Sheng Jiang
Published: February 2014

Speckle pattern interferometry can be used to measure he displacement, strain and vibration, surface deformation and surface roughness. And dynamic laser speckle measurement with high accuracy has been widely used in measurement of surface deformation. Tool breakage is the main bottleneck of high-speed intermittent cutting development, therefore, obtaining stress distribution of milling tools is a base of improving the tool design and tool life. Using a speckle measurement method of double pulsed digital based on FPGA, which involves the laser cutter, tools and CCD, transforms the high-speed dynamic measurement to quasi-static measurement. As a result, we can get two speckle images of front and back milling cutter surface and calculate the deformation ,strain and stress distribution of the tool surface with analysis.
Inner Connection of Bainite and Pearlite Transformation in Steels
Authors: Chen Jian Hao , Zhou Xiao Ling· , Meng Lan , Liu Wen
Published: February 2014

Decomposition of austenite in steels from high to low temperatures is pearlite, bainite and martensite phase transformation. According to studies, magnetic field promotes the three transformations. The phenomenons indicate the three transformations have coherence in magnetics. There is a transformation from paramagnetism (γ) to ferromagnetism (α) among all these three. Magnetic drive ΔGm plays an important role in the phase transition. The bainite transformation was carried out at 300°C during different isothermal time. Combining the results, it studied the relationship of bainite and pearlite transformation from characteristics of the nucleation of BF, microstructures etc. Even without magnetic field, spontaneous magnetization makes contributions to phase transformation driving force. Small deflections cause by spontaneous magnetization may promote the lattice reorganization from FCC to BCC in a certain extent, while promote the formation of the new phase with BCC cube.
Etching of Magnetic Materials Using Ar-CO/NH3 in a Reactive Ion Etching System
Authors: Liu Shang Xian , Wang Ming Gang , Xia Yang
Published: February 2014

A new automatic RIE etching system has been developed. Multi-layers of magnetic materials were fabricated using this system. We compared the process of using conventional Ar gas plasma and the process using CO/NH3gas plasma. Then by combining the two processes, we achieved smooth surface and good uniformity with a good selectivity to photoresist mask. And few of corrosions appeared at the sidewall of trench. Additionally, the etching process could stop exactly at the stop layer. The whole processes ran at a chamber without control of temperature, pressure and end point detection.
Influence of Lithography Distortion due to Metal Fill on CA
Authors: Chen Xiao Ming , Wang Ke Qin , Li Song Song
Published: February 2014

In the process of integrated circuit design and manufacturing, dummy metal fill can improve the planarity of layout after Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP). However, it will also cause lithography distortion and Critical Area (CA) variation. This paper compares and analyzes the influences of lithography distortion due to metal fill on CA from the perspectives of different defect particles based on 45nm technology node. The results indicate that dummy metal fill can increase open CA after lithography and the defect particle with the diameter of 0.066um leads to the largest increment percentage of open CA, which will take up almost 10%. This paper is instructive in researching dummy metal fill and CA or related fields in the future.
Compressive Behavior of a Polyurea Elastomer
Authors: Ghezzo Fabrizia , Miao Xi Geng , Ji Chun Lin , Liu Ruo Peng
Published: February 2014

The application of elastomeric coatings for improving the ability of already existing structures to dissipate the energy released by impact events has been investigated by many researchers in the past decade and is today an area of considerable interest. In recent years, polyurea has been successfully applied as a coating material for enhancing the impact protection of buildings and it has also demonstrated a considerable improvement of the survivability of metallic and non-metallic structures subjected to severe shock and impact loading conditions. Given its remarkable properties in terms of impact energy mitigation, life endurance and corrosion resistance, this material is currently of interest for its application in many fields of engineering. This paper presents and discusses the results of the mechanical characterization conducted on a polyurea elastomer fabricated following two different procedures and subjected to varying strain rates of compression load. The tests were conducted to verify the sensitivity of the material behavior to the varying loading conditions and to verify how the fabrication of the material in the laboratory can influence the test results.
Dynamic Response Analysis of Super-Long Hybrid Jib Structure under Impact Load
Authors: Dong Qing , Xu Ge Ning , Yang Ming Liang , Ren Hui Li , Zhang Bin
Published: February 2014

For the vibration of the super-long hybrid jib structure of hundreds of meters level elevating platform fire truck under water cannon impact load, linear dynamic response and nonlinear dynamic response methods were used to analyze the characteristics of the structure in the conditions of the large deformation of the structure, geometry, contact, material nonlinear and coupling. Through analyzing linear and nonlinear dynamic response results about peaks, steady-state values, amplitudes and dynamic load coefficients, the more scientific and practical method was given. The results provide scientific data for active vibration control and track control, and lay the foundation for achieving stable-work and pinpoint of the elevating platform. The results shows that dynamic load coefficients of each part of the super-long hybrid jib structure are not identical. The dynamic load coefficient of where lifting load is smaller and support part is larger. The larger gap between linear and nonlinear dynamic response results shows that linear dynamic response analysis should be taken as an estimation method, but nonlinear response analysis is more scientific and applied.
Gelled Crude Oil Particle Deformation under Hydraulic Suspension Transport Investigated by Numerical Simulation
Authors: Liu Xiao Yan , Li You Hang , Li Xiao Qing , Zhao Chen Chen , Liu Li Jun
Published: February 2014

In hydraulic suspension transport, the gelled crude oil particles are known to change shape in response to local flow conditions. The phase field method is used to simulate the deformation for the gelled crude oil particle with the same internal and external fluid viscosities. For this purpose, an Image Pro Plus software records the major and minor axises and thus, analyzes digitally its deformation degree. Initially spheroidal oil droplet is simulated and it is shown that the gelled crude oil particle exhibits deformation behavior as the movement and its final stable shape close to oval. The deformation behavior is response to shear stress with a time of 0.08s delayed. In the range of delayed time, the gelled crude oil particle deforms with a little degree and after the delayed time, the deformation degree increases seriously.
Analyzed on the Lubrication Characteristics Orthogonal Test of the Low Speed and Heavy Load Equipment
Authors: Chen Si Yu , Liu Chun Shan , Li Ya Qin , Li Xiao Xia , Wang Jun Fa
Published: February 2014

The traction characteristics of lubricant is one of the important parameters of the dynamic performance of bearings design .This paper chose three significant factors affecting the traction coefficient：temperature、load and rotate speed. Test results showed that the traction coefficient under the high load is significantly higher than under low load from room temperature to 135 °C. After more than 135 °C, the traction coefficient under the low load is higher than under the high load. It illustrated that the grease was sensitive to temperature but it reflected high temperature stable performance.The optimum conditions were obtained by Design-Expert software optimization : temperature for 235°C、load for 2800.00N、rotate speed for 183.17r/min and in this time the traction coefficient is at 0.547 in this test. It shown that the grease fitted the low speed and heavy load equipment.
Study on Fe-Mn-Si Shape Memory Alloy Anti-Loosening Bolt
Authors: Zhou Chao Yu , Lin Cheng Xin , Liu Lin Lin
Published: February 2014

A new type mechanism of anti-loosening bolt has been developed on the basis of the recovery characteristics of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy. Based on that, Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy (SMA) anti-loosening bolt was processed, and its loose torque was increased by axial and radial restoring force generated in the process of heating. The anti-loosening experiment of the Fe-Mn-Si SMA bolt matching the common nut shows that the loose torque of pre-strain bolt increases with the increment of temperature, when the temperature is up to 500°C, the loose torque is 3 times than that of common bolt, which fits in with the characteristics of Fe-Mn-Si SMA phase transition; According to the failure criterion of fasteners, 80% decrease of loose torque, the vibration failure time of Fe-Mn-Si SMA bolt is 7 times than common bolt, so its anti-loosening effect is remarkable.
Study on Friction and Wear Behaviors of Aluminium Matrix Composites Reinforced with In Situ Formed TiB2 Particles
Authors: Huang Bei , Zeng Jian Min , Hu Zhi Liu , He Huan , He Cui Yun , Yan Jia Lin
Published: February 2014

Friction and wear behaviors of aluminium matrix composites reinforced with in-situ formed TiB2particles were measured by MMW-1 friction testing machine under the different loads and rotation speeds. SEM, heating microscope and XRD were utilized to research the friction and wear behaviors. The results showed that the friction and wear property was improved by addition of TiB2particles.
Numerical Study on Structure Thermal Protection of Aerospace Plane
Authors: Chen Shuang , Zhang Qing Feng
Published: February 2014

The letter relying on the status of existing thermal protection system and existing flight parameters, appropriate metal thermal protection system being able to reproduced are designed; according to the distribution of heat-flow density we make certain the structure and thickness of the heat shield, structure of cooling bed and pressure of cooling air, velocity of flow and so on. The distributions of temperature of points on the nose and the inside of skin are calculated.
The High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Hot-Dip Aluminized GH169
Authors: Lou Jin , Ruan Cheng Xiang
Published: February 2014

GH169 was coated by hot-dipping in a molten aluminum bath, and then diffusing annealing at 950 °C for 2 h. The high temperature isothermal oxidation behavior of the hot-dipped aluminized alloy and GH169 was tested at 900 °C for 100 h using resistance furnace. The surface morphology and phase composition of the oxide scale were studied by SEM and EDS. The result of high temperature oxidation test showed that oxidation curves of hot-dipped aluminized steel and GH169 followed parabolic law at 900 °C for 100h and the hot-dipped aluminum present more excellent anti-oxidation. A dense film formed on GH169 mainly composed of Cr2O3and TiO2while on hot-dipped aluminized steel is Al2O3.
A Comparison Study of Fire Resistance of High Strength Structural Steels According to Boundary Condition
Authors: Kwon In Kyu
Published: February 2014

Material strength is one of the most important factors in designing a building. For this reason, many structural steel manufacturers have been trying to develop it. In Korea, SM 570 is one high structural steel that has many merits such as longer span and reduction of construction cost for steel works. However, the fire resistance performance of H-section made of SM 570 has not been evaluated. Especially, in high-rise steel building that can be built with various joint systems like hinged to hinge, hinge to fixed, and fixed to fixed. However, the performance of fire resistant is limited. In this paper, to evaluate the fire resistance of H-section made of SM 570, the advanced fire design was conducted using regressive equation of the mechanical and thermal properties at high temperature, compared with those made of an ordinary structural steel, SS 400. The facts show that hinge to hinge had the lowest load bearing capacity at high temperature. Therefore, to keep the same fire resistance with other types boundary conditions, the more passive fire materials are required.
Design of Projection Lithography Objective Lens with Sub-Ten Micrometer Line-Width and its MTF Experimental Measurements
Authors: Lei Liang , Liu Xin , Li Lang Lin , Zhou Jin Yun
Published: February 2014

Double fold reduction projection lithography objective lens with bi-telecentric configuration, consists of 6 lenses and the number aperture , is designed based on the optical design software Zemax. It uses the 405nm laser diode (LD) as light source. The spatial resolving capacity approaches to 5um. In a field of view of , its wave-front aberration is less than a quarter of wave-length and the distortion ratio is not more than. The imaging performance, in particular, the accurate modulation transfer function (MTF) value of the projection objective lens being fabricated by experiments is determined in this paper. Through analyzing the noise disturbance law in MTF tests, the result show that the projection objective lens has sub ten micrometer resolving ability.
TMAH Etching of Silicon Wafer for Detector Fabrication
Authors: Qi Lin , Yu Min , Wang Shao Nan , Liu Hong Zhi , Shi Bao Hua , Hu An Qi , Du Hong , Wang Jin Yan , Jin Yu Feng
Published: February 2014

Anisotropic wet etching of high resistivity silicon by TMAH for the fabrication of large area silicon radiation detectors is studied in this work. TMAH is widely applied in microelectronics and micromechanical fabrication etching low resistivity silicon, whereas the etching of high resistivity silicon was seldom studied by the industry. This work focused on the research of TMAH etching of high resistivity lager area silicon wafer aiming at its application in silicon radiation detector fabrication. We investigated the etching properties of TMAH of 4 inch (111) silicon wafers. Various parameters combinations were explored, such as TMAH solution concentration of 25wt%, 15wt% and 5wt%, and temperature of 95 °C, 90 °C and 85 °C. Etch rate, etch uniformity and silicon surface roughness were observed.
Removal of Heavy Metal Ions with Hacac-Silica
Authors: Cui Dan Feng , Zhao Jian Zhuang , Zheng Yan Ying
Published: February 2014

This paper presents a new decoration view functionalization of mesoporous silica to extend their applications to heavy metal ion removal. The study showed that Hacac can be incorporated into the structure through in-situ strategy, and the calcined Hacac-silica possesses advantages of high specific surface area of about 1496 m2/g and pore size of 4nm, ordered spheric morphology of about 300nm in diameter. Auxiliary by ultrasonic technology, the heavy metal ions remove rates are more than 95% for Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cr3+. More choice of chelating agents can be used for further functionalization of silica based mesoporous material.
Research on a Novel Compensation Algorithm for MEMS Sub-Pixel Displacement Measurement
Authors: Hu Zhang Fang , Huang Dong Dong , Luo Yuan , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2014

The sub-pixel allocation is a key technology for achieving high-precision measurement for micro electro mechanical system (MEMS). In this paper, a novel sub-pixel compensation algorithm based on an improved gradient algorithm utilized in a rough sub-pixel position is proposed to compensate the insufficient accuracy extracted by the surface fitting. And compared with traditional gradient used in the integer pixel, the proposed algorithm can reduce the error introduced by abandoning the higher order term without using iteration and second-order Taylor formula. The experimental results show that the displacement parameters calculated by the proposed algorithm is more accurate, and the method has a good noise resistance, it can meet high-precision positioning of MEMS motion image.
Laser Compensation for Ceramics Accuracy Improvement of Selective Laser Sintering
Authors: Lee Ruey Tsung , Liu Fwu Hsing , Ting Ku En , Yeh Sheng Lih , Lin Wen Hsueng
Published: February 2014

This research developed a feedback control system of laser compensation for the rapid prototyping (RP) machine using layer-wise slurry deposition and selective laser sintering (SLS). The slurry was prepared by silica power and silica sol with 60 and 40 wt.% with suitable rheological properties for 0.1 mm layer deposition. Four ceramics for comparison of the formability of fabricated ceramic green parts with/without the feedback control system of laser energy density for models were designed With this laser feedback control, batter quality ceramic green parts can be manufactured and the rapid prototyping machine with steady laser energy radiated on slurry layer was achieved. Experimental results validate the well performance of the measuring laser power and feedback control system.
Vibration Analysis of Motor Stator
Authors: Yan Rong Ge , Feng Xu , Zhu Li Hua , Yang Qing Xin
Published: February 2014

Motor vibration is one of the main causes of the motor noise, and the vibration of the motor also brings great harm for the safe and reliable operation of the motor load system. The vibration and noise level is one of the essential elements in evaluating the electrical machines quality. Accurate calculation of the stator natural frequencies and harmonic response of an electrical machine is essential to the prediction of the vibration. This paper takes the common Y series induction motors as the sample. The motor is a complex electromechanical coupling system, which includes stator and rotor. The finite element analysis is used to study on the stator modal shapes and natural frequencies of the induction motor. Then this paper calculates the electromagnetic force by using the finite element method, and gets the spectrum distribution of the radial electromagnetic force. Thus it provides a good method for the motor design by predicting natural frequency and optimizing the motor parameters to avoid resonance. All of them provide theory fundamental basis and technical support for reducing vibration and noise of the motor.
Giant Magnetostrictive Freezing Rain Sensor
Authors: Yan Rong Ge , Jia Yu Long , Zhu Li Hua , Yang Qing Xin
Published: February 2014

As a disastrous weather, hazards of freezing rain can not be ignored. The important thing to be solved at present is using advanced technology and material to correctly detect and improve the forecasting ability of freezing rain. Based on the damage of freezing rain and excellent properties of the giant magnetostrictive materials, this paper gives a giant magnetostrictive freezing rain sensor. When there is different thickness of freezing rain, natural frequency of the sensor will change. Resonance is regained by adjusting the frequency of the power. From natural frequency change, the thickness of the freezing rain can be known. Using COMSOL software, modal analysis of different thickness freezing rain for the giant magnetostrictive freezing rain sensor is studied. The results show that there is big difference in natural frequency with difference thickness of freezing rain, which is easy to achieve automatic frequency tracking and monitor.
On-Line Identification of Line Segments Using Hypothesis Testing for Robot Mapping
Authors: Huo Guang Lei , Zhao Li Jun , Li Rui Feng , Wang Ke , Lv Ming Rui
Published: February 2014

A novel features identification method is proposed for mobile robot indoor environment perception. In this paper, firstly, multi-dimensional data space is building based on laser scanner data, in which corner point is located by hypothesis testing theory. Secondly, line segments are obtained and localized by fitting method, which are previously estimated using probability model. At last, experiments verify the efficiency of proposed algorithm in indoor environment.
Design and Testing of a Micro-Dynamometer for Desktop Micro-Milling Machine
Authors: Mekid Samir
Published: February 2014

The emerging miniaturized high-tech products are required to have increased functionalities of systems within a volumetric size on the order of 1 cm3. Hence, the parts are mesoscopic with complex microscopic features of a few mm length with machining accuracy of better than 1 micrometer with secured surface integrity as components will require high surface finish, tensile stress and crack free surfaces in order to function reliably. One of the characteristics to be measured is the cutting forces on the parts being machined. This paper will present the design, manufacture and testing of a miniature dynamometer capable of measuring cutting forces within a low range of 50N but with a resolution better than 1 mN and high frequency since the micromachining involves small cutting forces but the spindle rotates at high speed. The dynamometer is capable of measuring forces in five directions (±x, ±y, and z). The instrument was calibrated and exhibit very good results leading to a true validation. This instrument is assembled on a micro milling desktop machine designed in-house. It will not only support predicting the surface finish and chip thickness but also monitoring tool wear evolution and hence prevents/reduce tool breakage known to be one of the main issues in micro-milling.