bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research and modeling of tire cornering characteristics considering temperature based on UniTire model
Authors: Lu Lei , Lu Dang , Wu Haidong , Wang Wei , Li Lun , Lv Yi Man
Published: June 2021

Based on the results of tire handling test, the cornering properties of the tire at small side slip under different temperature are obtained, and the variation law of the parameters of tire cornering characteristic with the temperature is obtained. By establishing a tread temperature model and finite element tire model considering the influence of temperature, the mechanism of tire mechanical properties with temperature is clarified, and the expression of tread stiffness and aligning stiffness considering temperature is obtained. Then, based on the above expression and the tire mechanical characteristics with temperature, a complex brush model is established and the relationship between the temperature and the tire cornering properties is obtained. The relationship is used as the basic expression formula to establish the UniTire cornering model considering tire temperature. In order to verify the correctness of the model, four kinds of temperature state cornering data are used for parameter identification, and the tire cornering properties in the other two temperature states is predicted. The error between the simulation results of the prediction model and the experimental results is very small, which effectively proves the predictive ability of the UniTire cornering model considering tire temperature. This research is helpful to improve the application of UniTire model under different temperature condition.
Optimal model-free fuzzy logic control for autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Glida Hossam E , Abdou Latifa , Chelihi Abdelghani , Sentouh Chouki , Perozzi Gabriele
Published: June 2021

This article deals with the issue of designing a flight tracking controller for an unmanned aerial vehicle type of quadrotor based on an optimal model-free fuzzy logic control approach. The main design objective is to perform an automatic flight trajectory tracking under multiple model uncertainties related to the knowledge of the nonlinear dynamics of the system. The optimal control is also addressed taking into consideration unknown external disturbances. To achieve this goal, we propose a new optimal model-free fuzzy logic–based decentralized control strategy where the influence of the interconnection term between the subsystems is minimized. A model-free controller is firstly designed to achieve the convergence of the tracking error. For this purpose, an adaptive estimator is proposed to ensure the approximation of the nonlinear dynamic functions of the quadrotor. The fuzzy logic compensator is then introduced to deal with the estimation error. Moreover, the optimization problem to select the optimal design parameters of the proposed controller is solved using the bat algorithm. Finally, a numerical validation based on the Parrot drone platform is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method with various flying scenarios.
Scientific realism and the historical emergence of consciousness
Authors: Azeri Siyaves
Published: June 2021

In “Scientific Realism and the Issue of Variability in Behavior,” J. F. Arocha (2021) proposes a (hylo)-realist method of studying behaviour and consciousness. Arocha adopts the thesis that reality consists of concrete (determinate) things, is orderly and lawful, and that it has an emergent character. I propose that furthering the critical power of the realist position requires the adoption of the thesis that human societies also have emergent properties and are determined by historically specific laws.
What Is “This” a Case of? Generative Theorizing for Disruptive Times
Authors: Langley Ann
Published: June 2021

In this essay, I examine how different strands of process theorizing might be applied to the phenomenon of the COVID-19 pandemic, offering different answers to the question “What is ‘this’ a case of?” I further argue that the question “What is this a case of?” captures the spirit of intellectual curiosity that can bridge phenomena and theory, making phenomena understandable and theories meaningful for action. For me, this is what Organization and Management Theory, seen as both a discipline within the broader field of management and as a community of scholars is and should be fundamentally about.
Experimental and theoretical study on the internal pressure induced by the transient local failure of low-rise building roofs
Authors: Yuan Yangjin , Dai Yimin , Jiang Shu , Liu Taiting
Published: June 2021

A case study on the internal pressure induced by a local failure on the vulnerable gable roof of a low-rise building was extensively conducted experimentally and numerically. Five roof opening configurations were tested in the wind tunnel under three different boundary layer conditions, based on 1:40 scaled models. The effects of opening shape, opening position, opening ratio, building internal volume, and wind speed on peak transient and steady-state internal pressures were studied. The study results indicate that the peak transient and steady-state internal pressures and the corresponding transient overshoot ratio all increase with an increasing opening ratio. The peak steady-state internal pressure is little affected by the approaching wind speed; while the peak transient internal pressure coefficient shows a significant linear relationship with the wind speed. The coupling effect of vortex shedding and Helmholtz resonance in double building volume compensation situation may cause larger fluctuating internal pressure. Both the vortex shedding and Helmholtz resonance reduce the internal pressure coherence to some extent. The agreement between the numerical and experimental results is much better for the mean internal pressure than that for fluctuating internal pressure or peak internal pressure.
MiR-130a-3p Has Protective Effects in Alzheimer’s Disease via Targeting DAPK1
Authors: Wang Yanbo , Shi Min , Hong Zhenmei , Kang Junling , Pan Haiyan , Yan Ci
Published: June 2021

The present study investigated the role and potential mechanisms of miR-130a-3p in AD. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with Aβ 1-42 to construct AD cell models. APP/PS1 mice were used for the animal experiments.  MiR-130a-3p was downregulated in Aβ-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Overexpression of miR-130a-3p attenuates Aβ induced SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis. Low miR-130a-3p expression was detected in the hippocampus tissues of AD mice. The Morris water maze (MWM) results indicated that miR-130a-3p upregulation reduced the escape latency time and increased the time of AD mice spent in the target quadrant. DAPK1 was the target gene of miR-130a-3p. High DAPK1 mRNA level was detected in Aβ treated PC 12 cells and in the hippocampus tissues of AD mice. It was concluded that overexpression of miR-130a-3p may attenuate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and improve the cognitive function of AD mice via targeting DAPK1.
A New Method of Storage Management Based on ABC Classification: A Case Study in Chinese Supermarkets’ Distribution Center
Authors: Lin Hung-Lung , Ma Yu-Yu
Published: June 2021

Most of the distribution centers of chain supermarkets in China adopt the excessively simple activity-based classification (ABC) as the management method of classifying warehousing work, which often leads to an increase in operation and storage costs of the enterprise, a decrease in efficiency of the commodity circulation operation, and, eventually, a loss in enterprise growth because the goods ordered by stores cannot be delivered immediately. In addition, many studies in recent years have aimed at solving the problems of ABC classification by using the concept, method, or model of multi-criteria; however, limitations can be found in these studies. The main purpose of this study is to propose a new method, based on ABC classification, to improve the shortcomings of traditional classification methods, especially for special industries such as chain supermarkets. First, the case was classified using the ABC classification method as designed according to the actual situation of the case, and then the modified Delphi method, factor analysis, and analytic network process (ANP) decision model constructed by focus group was applied. Finally, ANP is used to put forward a specific improvement scheme and countermeasures for the storage management classification plan of the case. Last but not least, to verify the applicability of the model, an actual case was used to test the model. The results show the reference value and practicability of the proposed model. Furthermore, it can be offered as a set of systematic and scientific decision-making reference standards for managers and decision-makers of chain supermarkets when making warehouse management plans and standards.
Contextualizing Cannabis Implicit Associations: Consideration of Peers and Personality
Authors: Ramer Nolan E. , Colder Craig R.
Published: June 2021

Objective:

Implicit cannabis associations (ICAs) inconsistently predict cannabis use (CU), and little is known about their formation. Personality, behavioral approach and inhibition, were tested as predictors of ICAs, which in turn, was expected to predict CU (mediation). Peer context was tested as a moderator.

Method:

Data were taken from three annual assessments of a larger longitudinal study. The community sample (314 emerging adults, mean age = 19.13, 54% female, 76% White/non-Hispanic at the first assessment) completed an ICA task and questionnaire assessments of CU, personality, and peer norms.

Results:

ICAs were positively associated with CU at high but not low levels of perceived peer approval/use. Behavioral inhibition was negatively associated ICAs, which in turn, predicted infrequent CU at high levels of peer approval/use (moderated mediation). Behavioral approach was marginally associated with ICAs.

Conclusions:

Peer context and personality are important for understanding the formation of ICAs and their association with CU.
LncRNA H19 induces immune dysregulation of BMMSCs, at least partly, by inhibiting IL-2 production
Authors: Chen Xinpeng , Luo Xiuxia , Wei Yazhi , Sun Hualin , Dai Liping , Tangzhou Yidou , Jin Huijie , Yin Zhihua
Published: June 2021

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a representative systemic autoimmune disease. LncRNA H19 has been identified to participate in various biological processes in human diseases. However, the role of H19 in SLE remains unclear.

Methods

In this study, we first examined H19 expression in SLE patients by RT-qPCR and found that H19 expression was significantly upregulated in the serum and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) of SLE patients and positively associated with SLE disease activity index. We then performed gain-of-function and loss-of-function using mimic-H19 (H19-OE) and inhibitor-H19 (H19-KD) to examine the effects of H19 on BMMSC differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis using flow cytometry, DAPI staining, and migration and apoptosis assays.

Results

The results showed that H19 inhibited proliferation and migration but promoted apoptosis of BMMSCs, interfered with BMMSCs-mediated Treg cell proliferation and differentiation, and regulated BMMSCs-mediated Tfh/Treg cell balance. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed the in silico prediction of interaction between H19 and IL-2. Furthermore, RT-qPCR showed that H19 directly inhibited IL-2 transcription in BMMSCs. ELISA showed that both active and total IL-2 protein levels were significantly lower in SLE BMMSCs. More importantly, we found that IL-2 significantly enhanced H19-OE-induced Treg cell differentiation and migration of BMMSCs, and these effects were reversed by anti-IL-2 antibody.

Conclusion

Overall, our study indicates that LncRNA H19 induces immune dysregulation of BMMSCs, at least partly, by inhibiting IL-2 production and might be a novel therapeutic target for SLE.
IOAT: an interactive tool for statistical analysis of omics data and clinical data
Authors: Wu Lanlan , Liu Fei , Cai Hongmin
Published: June 2021

Background

With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, a huge amount of multi-omics data has been accumulated. Although there are many software tools for statistical analysis and visual development of omics data, these tools are not suitable for private data and non-technical users. Besides, most of these tools have specialized in only one or perhaps a few data typesare, without combining clinical information. What’s more, users could not choose data processing and model selection flexibly when using these tools.

Results

To help non-technical users to understand and analyze private multi-omics data and ensure data security, we developed an interactive desk tool for statistical analysis and visualization of omics and clinical data (shortly IOAT). Our mainly targets csv format data, and combines clinical data with high-dimensional multi-omics data. It also contains various operations, such as data preprocessing, feature selection, risk assessment, clustering, and survival analysis. By using this tool, users can safely and conveniently try a combination of various methods on their private multi-omics data to find a model suitable for their data, conduct risk assessment and determine their cancer subtypes. At the same time, the tool can also provide them with references to genes that are closely related to tumor staging, facilitating the development of precision oncology. We review IOAT’s main features and demonstrate its analysis capabilities on a lung from TCGA.

Conclusions

IOAT is a local desktop tool, which provides a set of multi-omics data integration solutions. It can quickly perform a complete analysis of cancer genome data for subtype discovery and biomarker identification without security issues and writing any code. Thus, our tool can enable cancer biologists and biomedicine researchers to analyze their data more easily and safely. IOAT can be downloaded for free fromhttps://github.com/WlSunshine/IOAT-software.
Comparisons among rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, populations of maternal transcript profile associated with egg viability
Authors: Weber Gregory M. , Birkett Jill , Martin Kyle , Dixon Doug , Gao Guangtu , Leeds Timothy D. , Vallejo Roger L. , Ma Hao
Published: June 2021

Background

Transcription is arrested in the late stage oocyte and therefore the maternal transcriptome stored in the oocyte provides nearly all the mRNA required for oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early cleavage of the embryo. The transcriptome of the unfertilized egg, therefore, has potential to provide markers for predictors of egg quality and diagnosing problems with embryo production encountered by fish hatcheries. Although levels of specific transcripts have been shown to associate with measures of egg quality, these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) have not been consistent among studies. The present study compares differences in select transcripts among unfertilized rainbow trout eggs of different quality based on eyeing rate, among 2 year classes of the same line (A1, A2) and a population from a different hatchery (B). The study compared 65 transcripts previously reported to be differentially expressed with egg quality in rainbow trout.

Results

There were 32 transcripts identified as DEGs among the three groups by regression analysis. Group A1 had the most DEGs, 26; A2 had 15, 14 of which were shared with A1; and B had 12, 7 of which overlapped with A1 or A2. Six transcripts were found in all three groups, dcaf11, impa2, mrpl39_like, senp7, tfip11 and uchl1.

Conclusions

Our results confirmed maternal transcripts found to be differentially expressed between low- and high-quality eggs in one population of rainbow trout can often be found to overlap with DEGs in other populations. The transcripts differentially expressed with egg quality remain consistent among year classes of the same line. Greater similarity in dysregulated transcripts within year classes of the same line than among lines suggests patterns of transcriptome dysregulation may provide insight into causes of decreased viability within a hatchery population. Although many DEGs were identified, for each of the genes there is considerable variability in transcript abundance among eggs of similar quality and low correlations between transcript abundance and eyeing rate, making it highly improbable to predict the quality of a single batch of eggs based on transcript abundance of just a few genes.
Identification and characterization of immune-related lncRNAs and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks of Paralichthys olivaceus involved in Vibrio anguillarum infection
Authors: Ning Xianhui , Sun Li
Published: June 2021

Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) structurally resemble mRNAs and exert crucial effects on host immune defense against pathogen infection. Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an economically important marine fish susceptible to Vibrio anguillarum infection. To date, study on lncRNAs in flounder is scarce.

Results

Here, we reported the first systematic identification and characterization of flounder lncRNAs induced by V. anguillarum infection at different time points. A total of 2,368 lncRNAs were identified, 414 of which were differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) that responded significantly to V. anguillarum infection. For these DElncRNAs, 3,990 target genes (named DETGs) and 42 target miRNAs (named DETmiRs) were identified based on integrated analyses of lncRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA expressions, respectively. The DETGs were enriched in a cohort of functional pathways associated with immunity. In addition to modulating mRNAs, 36 DElncRNAs were also found to act as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that regulate 37 DETGs through 16 DETmiRs. The DETmiRs, DElncRNAs, and DETGs formed ceRNA regulatory networks consisting of 114 interacting DElncRNAs-DETmiRs-DETGs trinities spanning 10 immune pathways.

Conclusions

This study provides a comprehensive picture of lncRNAs involved in V. anguillarum infection. The identified lncRNAs and ceRNA networks add new insights into the anti-bacterial immunity of flounder.
Ovary-derived circular RNAs profile analysis during the onset of puberty in gilts
Authors: Pan Xiangchun , Gong Wentao , He Yingting , Li Nian , Zhang Hao , Zhang Zhe , Li Jiaqi , Yuan Xiaolong
Published: June 2021

Background

In mammals, the ovary is the essential system of female reproduction for the onset of puberty, and the abnormal puberty has negative outcomes on health. CircRNA is a non-coding RNA produced by non-canonical alternative splicing (AS). Several studies have reported that circRNA is involved in the gene regulation and plays an important role in some human diseases. However, the contribution of circRNA has received little known within the onset of puberty in ovary.

Results

Here, the profiles of ovarian circRNAs across pre-, in- and post-pubertal stages were established by RNA-sEq. In total, 972 circRNAs were identified, including 631 stage-specific circRNAs and 8 tissue-specific circRNAs. The biological functions of parental genes of circRNAs were enriched in steroid biosynthesis, autophagy-animal, MAPK signaling pathway, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation and ras signaling pathway. Moreover, 5 circRNAs derived from 4 puberty-related genes (ESR1, JAK2, NF1 and ARNT) were found in this study. The A3SS events were the most alternative splicing, but IR events were likely to be arose in post-pubertal ovaries. Besides, the circRNA-miRNA-gene networks were explored for 10 differentially expressed circRNAs. Furthermore, the head-to-tail exon as well as the expressions of 10 circRNAs were validated by the divergent RT-qPCR and sanger sequencing.

Conclusions

In summary, the profiles of ovarian circRNAs were provided during pubertal transition in gilts, and these results provided useful information for the investigation on the onset of puberty at the ovarian-circRNAs-level in mammals.
Microbiome recovery in adult females with uncomplicated urinary tract infections in a randomised phase 2A trial of the novel antibiotic gepotidacin (GSK2140944)
Authors: Nuzzo Andrea , Van Horn Stephanie , Traini Christopher , Perry Caroline R. , Dumont Etienne F. , Scangarella-Oman Nicole E. , Gardiner David F. , Brown James R.
Published: June 2021

Background

With increasing concerns about the impact of frequent antibiotic usage on the human microbiome, it is important to characterize the potential for such effects in early antibiotic drug development clinical trials. In a randomised Phase 2a clinical trial study that evaluated the pharmacokinetics of repeated oral doses of gepotidacin, a first-in-chemical-class triazaacenaphthylene antibiotic with a distinct mechanism of action, in adult females with uncomplicated urinary tract infections for gepotidacin (GSK2140944) we evaluated the potential changes in microbiome composition across multiple time points and body-sites (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03568942).

Results

Samples of gastrointestinal tract (GIT), pharyngeal cavity and vaginal microbiota were collected with consent from 22 patients at three time points relative to the gepotidacin dosing regimen; Day 1 (pre-dose), Day 5 (end of dosing) and Follow-up (Day 28 ± 3 days). Microbiota composition was determined by DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA gene variable region 4 amplicons. By Day 5, significant changes were observed in the microbiome diversity relative to pre-dose across the tested body-sites. However, by the Follow-up visit, microbiome diversity changes were reverted to compositions comparable to Day 1. The greatest range of microbiome changes by body-site were GIT followed by the pharyngeal cavity then vagina. In Follow-up visit samples we found no statistically significant occurrences of pathogenic taxa.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that gepotidacin alteration of the human microbiome after 5 days of dosing is temporary and rebound to pre-dosing states is evident within the first month post-treatment. We recommend that future antibiotic drug trials include similar exploratory investigations into the duration and context of microbiome modification and recovery.

Trial registration

NCT03568942. Registered 26 June 2018.
Exploration and validation of hub genes and pathways in the progression of hypoplastic left heart syndrome via weighted gene co-expression network analysis
Authors: Liu Xuelan , Shang Honglei , Li Bin , Zhao Liyun , Hua Ying , Wu Kaiyuan , Hu Manman , Fan Taibing
Published: June 2021

Background

Despite significant progress in surgical treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), its mortality and morbidity are still high. Little is known about the molecular abnormalities of the syndrome. In this study, we aimed to probe into hub genes and key pathways in the progression of the syndrome.

Methods

Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in left ventricle (LV) or right ventricle (RV) tissues between HLHS and controls using the GSE77798 dataset. Then, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed and key modules were constructed for HLHS. Based on the genes in the key modules, protein–protein interaction networks were conducted, and hub genes and key pathways were screened. Finally, the GSE23959 dataset was used to validate hub genes between HLHS and controls.

Results

We identified 88 and 41 DEGs in LV and RV tissues between HLHS and controls, respectively. DEGs in LV tissues of HLHS were distinctly involved in heart development, apoptotic signaling pathway and ECM receptor interaction. DEGs in RV tissues of HLHS were mainly enriched in BMP signaling pathway, regulation of cell development and regulation of blood pressure. A total of 16 co-expression network were constructed. Among them, black module (r = 0.79 andpvalue = 2e−04) and pink module (r = 0.84 andpvalue = 4e−05) had the most significant correlation with HLHS, indicating that the two modules could be the most relevant for HLHS progression. We identified five hub genes in the black module (includingFbn1,Itga8,Itga11,Itgb5andThbs2), and five hub genes (includingCblb,Ccl2,Edn1,Itgb3andMap2k1) in the pink module for HLHS. Their abnormal expression was verified in the GSE23959 dataset.

Conclusions

Our findings revealed hub genes and key pathways for HLHS through WGCNA, which could play key roles in the molecular mechanism of HLHS.
Characteristics of coronary artery disease in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: evaluation using coronary artery computed tomography angiography
Authors: Zhou Xin-zhu , Shi Rui , Wang Jin , Shi Ke , Liu Xi , Li Yuan , Gao Yue , Guo Ying-kun , Yang Zhi-gang
Published: June 2021

Background

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has recently been acknowledged as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the characteristics of CAD in patients with SCH are not fully understood. This study aims to evaluate the features of CAD in patients with SCH using coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA).

Materials and methods

From 1 April, 2018 to 30 June, 2020, 234 consecutive SCH patients with coronary plaques identified on CCTA were included retrospectively. They were further subdivided into different degree of SCH groups (mild SCH vs. moderate SCH vs. severe SCH: 143 vs 62 vs 28) and different gender groups (men with SCH vs. women with SCH:116 vs 118). The distributions and types of plaques, luminal narrowing, segment involvement scores (SIS) and segment stenosis scores (SSS) were evaluated and compared among the different groups.

Results

Patients with severe SCH had fewer calcified plaques (0.7 ± 0.9 vs. 2.0 ± 1.9, p < 0.001) and more non-calcified plaques (0.9 ± 1.0 vs. 0.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.001) than those with mild SCH. As the SCH condition worsened, the proportion of non-calcified plaques significantly increased. Whereas there were no significant discrepancies in SIS and SSS among patients with different grades of SCH (all p > 0.05). Men with SCH had higher SIS (3.9 ± 2.3 vs. 3.0 ± 2.3, p = 0.004) and SSS (7.8 ± 5.4 vs. 5.4 ± 3.0, p = 0.002) than women. Multivariate logistic and linear regression analysis demonstrated that grades of SCH (Moderate SCH, odds ratio [OR] 2.11; 95% CI 1.03–4.34, p = 0.042; severe SCH, OR: 10.00; 95% CI 3.82–26.20, p < 0.001, taken mild SCH as a reference) was independently associated with the presence of non-calcified plaques, whereas sex (B: 1.67; 95% CI 0.27–3.10, p = 0.009) was independently associated with SSS.

Conclusions

Severe SCH is associated with non-calcified plaques, and men with SCH have higher total plaque burden than women. We suggest that it is important to evaluate for coronary plaque in SCH patients, especially those with severe SCH and men with SCH.
Integrated analysis of the functions and prognostic values of RNA binding proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Zeng-Hong , Huang Hong-Ming , Yang Dong-Liang
Published: June 2021

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, ranks as the fifth most common cancer and has been the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are proteins that interact with different classes of RNA and are commonly detected in cells.

Methods

We used RNA sequencing data from TCGA to display dysfunctional RBPs microenvironments and provide potential useful biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis.

Results

330 differently expressed RBPs (208 upregulated and 122 downregulated) were identified. KEGG were mainly enriched in RNA degradation, Influenza A, Hepatitis C, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, Herpes simplex virus 1 infection and RNA transport. CBioPortal results demonstrated that these genes were altered in 50 samples out of 357 HCC patients (14%) and the amplification of BRCA1 was the largest frequent copy-number alteration.

Conclusion

Based on the online database, we identified novel RBPs markers for the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Factors associated with eating performance in older adults with dementia in long-term care facilities: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jung Dukyoo , De Gagne Jennie C. , Lee Hyesoon , Lee Minkyung
Published: June 2021

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing eating performance in older adults with dementia (OAWDs) in long-term care (LTC) facilities.

Methods

This cross-sectional study examined risk factors for compromised eating performance by comparing both independent and dependent older adults with dementia. The study participants were 117 OAWDs in LTC facilities in South Korea. Measurements included (a) general characteristics, (b) activities of daily living (ADL) including eating performance, (c) cognitive function, (d) physical capability, (e) grip strength, (f) Behavioral Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD), and (g) depression. Data were analyzed by the percentage, mean and standard deviation, Chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression.

Results

The eating independent group had more comorbidities than the dependent group (t = 2.793, p < .006); had significantly higher cognition (t = 4.108, p < .001) and physical capability (t = 5.258, p < .001); and had stronger grip strength (t = 2.887, p = .005). Comorbidities and physical capability were determinants for independent eating performance (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.969, p = .014; OR = 1.324, p < .001).

Conclusions

It is suggested that maintaining physical capability should be encouraged to support independent eating performance by OAWDs in LTC facilities. The results of this study could serve as a basis for developing function-focused care to maintain the residual eating performance of OAWDs in Korean LTC facilities. This is a subject area that has not been fully explored.
Adenosine deaminase negative pleural tuberculosis: a case report
Authors: Boggs Zachary H. , Heysell Scott , Eby Joshua , Arnold Christopher
Published: June 2021

Background

A pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) has been used globally to assist in the diagnosis of a tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) with a notable negative predictive value.

Case presentation

We report a case of a patient with a negative pleural fluid ADA who was found to have culture-positive and biopsy-proven Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Conclusions

This case shows the importance of pursuing gold standard diagnostic studies when clinical suspicion remains high despite negative preliminary testing. We further describe gaps in research to improve pleural fluid biomarkers for TPE.
Protective population behavior change in outbreaks of emerging infectious disease
Authors: Lodge Evans K. , Schatz Annakate M. , Drake John M.
Published: June 2021

Background

During outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging infections, the lack of effective drugs and vaccines increases reliance on non-pharmacologic public health interventions and behavior change to limit human-to-human transmission. Interventions that increase the speed with which infected individuals remove themselves from the susceptible population are paramount, particularly isolation and hospitalization. Ebola virus disease (EVD), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) are zoonotic viruses that have caused significant recent outbreaks with sustained human-to-human transmission.

Methods

This investigation quantified changing mean removal rates (MRR) and days from symptom onset to hospitalization (DSOH) of infected individuals from the population in seven different outbreaks of EVD, SARS, and MERS, to test for statistically significant differences in these metrics between outbreaks.

Results

We found that epidemic week and viral serial interval were correlated with the speed with which populations developed and maintained health behaviors in each outbreak.

Conclusions

These findings highlight intrinsic population-level changes in isolation rates in multiple epidemics of three zoonotic infections with established human-to-human transmission and significant morbidity and mortality. These data are particularly useful for disease modelers seeking to forecast the spread of emerging pathogens.
Effect of increased blood flow rate on renal anemia and hepcidin concentration in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Yamamoto Masateru , Matsumoto Tomio , Ohmori Hiromitsu , Takemoto Masahiko , Ikeda Masanobu , Sumimoto Ryo , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Kato Akihiko , Ohdan Hideki
Published: June 2021

Background

Increasing the blood flow rate (BFR) is a useful method for increasing Kt/V and the clearance for low molecular solutes. Hemodialysis patients are often anemic due to hypoerythropoiesis and their chronic inflammatory state. Hepcidin, a hormone that regulates iron homeostasis, is considered as an indicator of iron deficiency in patients with end-stage renal disease. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an increased BFR during hemodialysis on serum hepcidin levels and anemia.

Methods

Between April 2014 and March 2016, 22 chronic dialysis patients (11 men [50.0 %]; mean [± standard deviation] age, 72 ± 12 years) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis treatment, thrice weekly, were enrolled and followed prospectively for 24 months. In April 2014, the BFR was 200 mL/min; in April 2015 this was increased to 400 mL/min, which was within acceptable limits. The dialysate flow rate remained stable at; 500mlL/min. Blood samples were collected in March 2015 and 2016. The primary endpoint was the comparison of the amounts of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) required.

Results

The increased BFR increased the Kt/V and contributed to significantly decreased urea nitrogen (UN) (p = 0.015) and creatinine (Cr) (p = 0.005) levels. The dialysis efficiency was improved by increasing the BFR. Ferritin (p = 0.038), hepcidin (p = 0.041) and high-sensitivity interleukin-6 (p = 0.038) levels were also significantly reduced. The ESA administered was significantly reduced (p = 0.004) and the Erythropoietin Resistant Index (ERI) significantly improved (p = 0.031). The reduction rates in UN (p < 0.001), Cr (p < 0.001), and beta-2 microglobulin (p = 0.017) levels were significantly greater post the BFR increase compared to those prior to the BFR increase. However, hepcidin was not affected by the BFR change.

Conclusions

Increasing BFR was associated with hemodialysis efficiency, and led to reduce inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6, but did not contribute to reduce C-reactive protein. This reduced hepcidin levels, ESA dosage and ERI. Hepcidin levels were significantly correlated with ferritin levels, and it remains to be seen whether reducing hepcidin leads to improve ESA and iron availability during anemia management.
Co-occurrence of thyroid and breast cancer is associated with an increased oncogenic SNP burden
Authors: Bakos Bence , Kiss András , Árvai Kristóf , Szili Balázs , Deák-Kocsis Barbara , Tobiás Bálint , Putz Zsuzsanna , Ármós Richárd , Balla Bernadett , Kósa János , Dank Magdolna , Valkusz Zsuzsanna , Takács István , Tabák Ádám , Lakatos Péter
Published: June 2021

Background

Epidemiological evidence suggests that synchronous or metachronous presentation of breast and thyroid cancers exceeds that predicted by chance alone. The following potential explanations have been hypothesized: common environmental or hormonal factors, oncogenic effect of the treatment for the first cancer, closer follow-up of cancer survivors, shared underlying genetic risk factors. While some cases were found to be related to monogenic disorders with autosomal inheritance, the genetic background of most cases of co-occurring breast and thyroid cancer is thought to be polygenic.

Methods

In this retrospective case-control study we compared the genetic profile of patients with a history of breast cancer (n = 15) to patients with co-occurring breast and thyroid cancer (n = 19) using next generation sequencing of 112 hereditary cancer risk genes. Identified variants were categorized based on their known association with breast cancer and oncogenesis in general.

Results

No difference between patients with breast and double cancers was observed in clinical and pathological characteristics or the number of neutral SNPs. The unweighted and weighted number of SNPs with an established or potential association with breast cancer was significantly lower in the group with breast cancer only (mean difference − 0.58, BCa 95% CI [− 1.09, − 0.06], p = 0.029, and mean difference − 0.36, BCa 95% CI [− 0.70, − 0.02], p = 0.039, respectively). The difference was also significant when we compared the number of SNPs with potential or known association with any malignancy (mean difference − 1.19, BCa 95% CI [− 2.27, − 0.11], p = 0.032 for unweighted, and mean difference − 0.73, BCa 95% CI [− 1.32, − 0.14], p = 0.017 for weighted scores).

Conclusion

Our findings are compatible with the hypothesis of genetic predisposition in the co-occurrence of breast and thyroid cancer. Further exploration of the underlying genetic mechanisms may help in the identification of patients with an elevated risk for a second cancer at the diagnosis of the first cancer.
Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy stratified by age and the 21-gene recurrence score in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Yu Jing , Lin Caijin , Huang Jiahui , Hong Jin , Gao Weiqi , Zhu Siji , Lin Lin , Chen Xiaosong , Huang Ou , He Jianrong , Zhu Li , Chen Weiguo , Li Yafen , Wu Jiayi , Shen Kunwei
Published: June 2021

Background

The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) can predict chemotherapy benefit in estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative (ER+/HER2-) early breast cancer patients. Age would influence the interaction between RS and chemotherapy effect. The current study aimed to determine RS thresholds which were predictive of chemotherapy benefit in young and old women, respectively.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with pN0–1, ER+/HER2- breast cancer between 2009 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Propensity score matching was performed according to chemotherapy usage. After stratifying patients with different cutoffs of age, the RS threshold indicating chemotherapy benefit in each age strata were determined by cox proportional hazard models.

Results

A total of 1227 patients were included. The median age was 58 years and the median RS was 24. After matching, the RS thresholds suggesting chemotherapy benefit varied with age. For patients ≤55 years, chemotherapy benefit was observed in those having RS > 25 (P = 0.03), with 4-year invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) of 97.0 and 89.3% in patients receiving chemotherapy or not. While patients derived no benefit from chemotherapy if they had RS ≤25 (P = 0.66, 4-year IDFS: 95.3% vs. 94.6%). For patients > 55 years, adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with better prognosis in those with RS > 36 (P = 0.014, 4-year IDFS: 94.7% vs. 76.2%), but not in those having RS ≤36 (P = 0.13, 4-year IDFS: 92.3% vs. 95.8%).

Conclusions

Old patients need higher RS thresholds to demonstrate the chemotherapy benefit. Further efforts are warranted to investigate the association between age and predictive RS thresholds.
Predictive factors for survival following stereotactic body radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumour thrombosis and construction of a nomogram
Authors: Li Xiaojie , Ye Zhimin , Lin Sheng , Pang Haowen
Published: June 2021

Background

We evaluated the treatment response and predictive factors for overall survival (OS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal vein tumour thrombosis (PVTT), who underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Additionally, we developed and validated a personalised prediction model for patient survival.

Methods

Clinical information was retrospectively collected for 80 patients with HCC and PVTT, who were treated with SBRT at the Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital) between December 2015 and June 2019. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify the independent predictive factors for survival. Clinical factors were subsequently presented in a nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model and the net clinical benefit.

Results

All patients completed the planned radiotherapy treatment, and the median follow-up duration was 10 months (range, 1–35.3 months). The median survival duration was 11.5 months, with 3-, 6-, and 12-month survival rates of 92.5, 74.5, and 47.5%, respectively. The multivariable Cox regression model indicated that the following were significant independent predictors of OS: clinical T stage (p = 0.001, hazard ratio [HR] = 3.085, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.514–6.286), cirrhosis (p = 0.014, HR = 2.988, 95% CI: 1.246–7.168), age (p = 0.005, HR = 1.043, 95% CI: 1.013–1.075), alpha-fetoprotein level (p = 0.022, HR = 1.000, 95% CI: 1.000–1.000), and haemoglobin level (p = 0.008, HR = 0.979, 95% CI: 0.963–0.994). A nomogram based on five independent risk factors and DCA demonstrated a favourable predictive accuracy of patient survival (AUC = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63–0.85) and the clinical usefulness of the model.

Conclusions

SBRT is an effective treatment for patients with HCC with PVTT. Notably, clinical T stage, presence of cirrhosis, age, alpha-fetoprotein levels, and haemoglobin levels are independent prognostic factors for survival. The presented nomogram can be used to predict the survival of patients with HCC and PVTT, who underwent SBRT.
Body dysmorphic disorder and self-esteem: a meta-analysis
Authors: Kuck Nora , Cafitz Lara , Bürkner Paul-Christian , Hoppen Laura , Wilhelm Sabine , Buhlmann Ulrike
Published: June 2021

Objective

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is associated with low self-esteem. The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the strength of the cross-sectional relationship between BDD symptom severity and global self-esteem in individuals with BDD, mentally healthy controls, community or student samples, and cosmetic surgery patients. Moreover, the role of depressive symptom severity in this relationship and other moderating factors were investigated.

Methods

A keyword-based literature search was performed to identify studies in which BDD symptoms and global self-esteem were assessed. Random effects meta-analysis of Fisher’s z-transformed correlations and partial correlations controlling for the influence of depressive symptom severity was conducted. In addition to meta-analysis of the observed effects, we corrected the individual correlations for variance restrictions to address varying ranges of BDD symptom severity across samples.

Results

Twenty-five studies with a total of 6278 participants were included. A moderately negative relationship between BDD symptom severity and global self-esteem was found (r = −.42,CI = [−.48, −.35] for uncorrected correlations,r = −.45,CI = [−.51, −.39] for artifact-corrected correlations). A meta-analysis of partial correlations revealed that depressive symptom severity could partly account for the aforementioned relationship (pr = −.20,CI = [−.25, −.15] for uncorrected partial correlations,pr = −.23,CI = [−.28, −.17] for artifact-corrected partial correlations). The sample type (e.g., individuals with BDD, mentally healthy controls, or community samples) and diagnosis of BDD appeared to moderate the relationship only before artifact correction of effect sizes, whereas all moderators were non-significant in the meta-analysis of artifact-corrected correlations.

Conclusions

The findings demonstrate that low self-esteem is an important hallmark of BDD beyond the influence of depressive symptoms. It appears that negative evaluation in BDD is not limited to appearance but also extends to other domains of the self. Altogether, our findings emphasize the importance of addressing self-esteem and corresponding core beliefs in prevention and treatment of BDD.
Effects of branded health messages on e-cigarette attitudes, intentions, and behaviors: a longitudinal study among youth and young adults
Authors: Rath Jessica , Tulsiani Shreya , Evans W. Douglas , Liu Shiyang , Vallone Donna , Hair Elizabeth C.
Published: June 2021

Background

Launched in 2000, the truth campaign was one of the first health-related campaigns to embrace the building of a brand to further amplify its message, such as by building brand equity. Brand equity is an asset that represents the audience’s perception of the brand. Previous research supports that strong brand equity is associated with lower tobacco intentions and behaviors; however, brand equity and its change over time have not been studied as it relates to e-cigarettes. This study examines the effects of change in brand equity on e-cigarette attitudes, intentions, and behaviors among youth and young adults.

Methods

The sample (N = 6427) is from the Truth Longitudinal Cohort, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort of youth and young adults, ages 15–24. Variables include brand equity tobacco scale, demographic characteristics, and e-cigarette use status. The outcomes included anti-e-cigarette attitudes, intentions to use e-cigarettes, and use of e-cigarettes. Multiple and logistic regression models determined the relationship between change in brand equity from respondents at Spring 2018 to Spring 2019 and respondent e-cigarette outcomes at Fall 2019. All models controlled for demographic characteristics and cigarette use.

Results

Mean brand equity scores in Spring 2018 were significantly associated with greater anti-e-cigarette attitudes (β = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.19), lower odds of intention to use (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.85), and lower odds of current use (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.92). Change in brand equity from Spring 2018 to Spring 2019 was significantly associated with greater anti-e-cigarette attitudes (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.11) and lower odds of intention to use (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.93), but not associated with current use behaviors.

Conclusions

Strengthening brand equity is an effective strategy for influencing anti-e-cigarette related attitudes and intentions, much like it is for anti-smoking campaigns. More research needs to be done on the relationship between change in brand equity and e-cigarette behavior to better understand how brand equity can be wielded to influence change in e-cigarette use behavior.