bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapy for Diffuse Astrocytic and Oligodendroglial Tumors in Adults: ASCO-SNO Guideline
Authors: Mohile Nimish A. , Messersmith Hans , Gatson Na Tosha , Hottinger Andreas F. , Lassman Andrew , Morton Jordan , Ney Douglas , Nghiemphu Phioanh Leia , Olar Adriana , Olson Jeffery , Perry James , Portnow Jana , Schiff David , Shannon Anne , Shih Helen A. , Strowd Roy , van den Bent Martin , Ziu Mateo , Blakeley Jaishri
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE

To provide guidance to clinicians regarding therapy for diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors in adults.

METHODS

ASCO and the Society for Neuro-Oncology convened an Expert Panel and conducted a systematic review of the literature.

RESULTS

Fifty-nine randomized trials focusing on therapeutic management were identified.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Adults with newly diagnosed oligodendroglioma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)–mutant, 1p19q codeleted CNS WHO grade 2 and 3 should be offered radiation therapy (RT) and procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV). Temozolomide (TMZ) is a reasonable alternative for patients who may not tolerate PCV, but no high-level evidence supports upfront TMZ in this setting. People with newly diagnosed astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, 1p19q non-codeleted CNS WHO grade 2 should be offered RT with adjuvant chemotherapy (TMZ or PCV). People with astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, 1p19q non-codeleted CNS WHO grade 3 should be offered RT and adjuvant TMZ. People with astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, CNS WHO grade 4 may follow recommendations for either astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, 1p19q non-codeleted CNS WHO grade 3 or glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, CNS WHO grade 4. Concurrent TMZ and RT should be offered to patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, CNS WHO grade 4 followed by 6 months of adjuvant TMZ. Alternating electric field therapy, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, should be considered for these patients. Bevacizumab is not recommended. In situations in which the benefits of 6-week RT plus TMZ may not outweigh the harms, hypofractionated RT plus TMZ is reasonable. In patients age ≥ 60 to ≥ 70 years, with poor performance status or for whom toxicity or prognosis are concerns, best supportive care alone, RT alone (for MGMT promoter unmethylated tumors), or TMZ alone (for MGMT promoter methylated tumors) are reasonable treatment options. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/neurooncology-guidelines .
Landscape and Clonal Dominance of Co-occurring Genomic Alterations in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Harboring MET Exon 14 Skipping
Authors: Le Xiuning , Hong Lingzhi , Hensel Chuck , Chen Rongrong , Kemp Haley , Coleman Niamh , Ciunci Christine A. , Liu Stephen V. , Negrao Marcelo V. , Yen Jennifer , Xia Xuefeng , Scheuenpflug Juergen , Stroh Christopher , Juraeva Dilafruz , Tsao Anne , Hong David , Raymond Victoria , Paik Paul , Zhang Jianjun , Heymach John V.
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE

MET exon 14 skipping alterations ( METex14) comprise a diverse set of actionable oncogene drivers in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent studies have established the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for this patient population. The landscape of co-occurring genetic alterations in METex14 NSCLC and their potential impact to therapeutic sensitivities has not yet been fully described.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

METex14 NSCLC cases were collected from three cohorts: the VISION trial, and data sets from Guardant360 and GenePlus. Clinicopathologic characteristics and METex14 mutation sites were analyzed and compared across data sets. Co-occurring genetic alterations and the clonality relationships to METex14 were evaluated.

RESULTS

Of 40,824 NSCLCs, 692 METex14 cases (1.7%) were identified, including 332 in Guardant360, 188 in VISION, and 172 in GenePlus. The demographics and mutation type and/or sites were similar in the Asian versus Western cohorts. MET amplification, which were found to be associated with sensitivity to MET kinase inhibitors, co-occurs in 7.6%-13.8% of cases, whereas kinase domain secondary mutation of MET co-occurs in 5%-6%. When co-occurring with METex14, EGFR mutations were often identified as the dominant clone (78%, 7 of 9), whereas when co-occurring, METex14 (39%, 7 of 18) and KRAS (44%, 8 of 18) had similar rates of clonal dominance. PIK3CA and PTEN mutations were almost always subclones (89%, 16 of 18) to METex14. Moreover, RET-CCDC6 fusion and EGFR mutation were detected following crizotinib treatment in two patients, suggesting novel mechanisms of resistance.

CONCLUSION

METex14 mutations frequently co-occur with other potential driver oncogenes with differing patterns of clonal dominance observed among the drivers. This cellular context can provide insights into whether METex14 is acting as a primary oncogenic driver or resistance mechanism and help guide treatment choices.
The Limits of Algorithmic Management
Authors: Woodcock Jamie
Published: December 2021

Much of the existing research on platform work has focused on the role of data and algorithmic management. These new techniques of management need to be critically understood, but there is a risk of overemphasizing the importance and power of these techniques. The obscuring processes of data collection and analysis make it hard to comprehend how data is being used in practice. Less is known about the ways in which workers are resisting these methods, as well as developing new forms of organization that can effectively build on this. This article reflects on the practices of algorithmic management in platform work, considering the limitations of this approach. It considers the ways in which data is, and can be, used in platform work, drawing attention to the limits. While algorithmic management and the collection of data serve a role for capital in platform work—and are increasingly finding broader applications—the article argues that is crucial that research does not lose sight of the role and agency of workers against capital.
Actually Existing Platformization
Authors: van Doorn Niels , Mos Eva , Bosma Jelke
Published: December 2021

In this article we examine the partnership as a heterogeneous boundary resource that enables platforms to generate dependencies, become locally embedded, and gain power in urban settings. Pushing back against narratives of platform-driven disruption, which tend to universalize and totalize platform power, we discuss three cases of what we term “actually existing platformization”—a path-dependent and locally situated process in which platform companies engage in various forms of “boundary work” with other actors seeking to retain and/or gain power. Each case focuses on a distinct industry: food delivery, short-term housing rental, and the social/voluntary sector. In each of these domains, we show how asset-light platforms initiate and develop partnerships as a frequently nebulous boundary resource that opens up potential avenues for (1) market consolidation, (2) logistical integration, (3) social mobilization, and/or (4) institutional legitimation. Such strategic moves, we argue, have become particularly pertinent following the COVID-19 pandemic, which has hit urban areas particularly hard and is intensifying certain social dependencies and institutional shortcomings that platforms are seeking to exploit.
The End of the Road
Authors: Gilbert Jeremy
Published: December 2021

This essay examines the electoral failure of Jeremy Corbyn’s Labour Party from one specific perspective. Assuming that, as the most thorough subsequent analysis has concluded, there was no way for Labour to hold together its electoral coalition during the 2017–19 Brexit negotiations, it argues that Corbyn’s one electoral chance came at the June 2017 election. Given Labour’s long history of electoral failure, and the specific limitations imposed by the UK electoral system, the essay posits that it was an irrational and catastrophic mistake for Corbyn to reject the offer of an alliance of left-of-center parties made by the Green and Scottish National Parties in April 2017. The essay seeks to explain the genesis of this decision with reference to the long history of “Bennism”: the political tendency and philosophy associated with the career and ideas of Corbyn’s mentor, the prominent British politician Tony Benn. It argues that the strategic and analytical prejudices and shortcomings of this tradition ultimately proved fatal to Corbynism’s electoral prospects.
By Leaps or by Federation
Authors: Forrester Katrina
Published: December 2021

One of the underappreciated dimensions of the Corbyn era was that it forged a novel unity on the British left. This article explores how that unity was achieved, what it meant, and why it was so temporary. After tracing the variety of left ideas and factions that shaped the organizational and institutional dimensions of the Corbyn project, it argues that these were held together by three mechanisms: Corbynism’s annual campaigns, digital structures, and policy platform. These were insufficient to achieve lasting organizational change. In light of this, the article compares two metaphors—the leap and the federation—that have been used to characterize the formation and aims of Corbynism, and suggests that Corbynist unity was temporary precisely because it was achieved by leaps rather than by federation.
Studenci w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej: symetria czy asymetria planów życiowych? Studium przypadku Polski i Ukrainy
Authors: Pantyley Viktoriya , Kisla Ganna , Butrym Marek
Published: December 2021

The article makes an attempt to analyse scope and timing prospects of students’ life goals in two East-Central European countries – Poland and Ukraine. These two countries were under similar socio-economic circumstances in the last decade of the past century, but nowadays the situation is totally different. The study was conducted in November and December 2019 using the authors’ survey questionnaire carried out on the sample of 658 university students from Lublin and Kyiv. Our research showed that symmetry in students’ life goals primarily occurred in the scope of goals and values, with a greater focus on family in the case of Ukrainian students and on material goods and business activity for Polish students. Asymmetry was observed in the term of planned implementation of particular life goals: Ukrainian students expected stabilisation based on family, children, and apartment ownership within 5 years from graduation and Polish students expected such stabilisation within 10 years after graduation. Moreover, more optimistic expectations for the future were observed in the case of Ukrainian students.
The genome sequence of a snail-killing fly, Coremacera marginata (Fabricius, 1775)
Authors: Sivell Olga , Sivell Duncan ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: December 2021

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Coremacera marginata (Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Sciomyzidae). The genome sequence is 980 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly (99.84%) is scaffolded into six chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the X sex chromosome assembled.
The genome sequence of the swallow prominent, Pheosia tremula (Clerck, 1759)
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Holland Peter W.H. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: December 2021

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Pheosia tremula (the swallow prominent; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Notodontidae). The genome sequence is 290 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly, 99.94%, is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the Z sex chromosome assembled.
The genome sequence of the red deer, Cervus elaphus Linnaeus 1758
Authors: Pemberton Josephine , Johnston Susan E. , Fletcher T. John ,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: December 2021

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Cervus elaphus (the red deer; Chordata; Mammalia; Artiodactyla; Cervidae). The genome sequence is 2,887 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly is scaffolded into 34 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the X sex chromosome assembled.
Ogólnopolska Konferencja Naukowa Animus Belli 2021 „WOJNA DOMOWA W SZTUCE WOJENNEJ” Akademia Sztuki Wojennej, 12 maja 2021 r.
Authors: Tuszyńska Daria
Published: December 2021

Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej „WOJNA DOMOWA W SZTUCE WOJENNEJ” Akademia Sztuki Wojennej, 12 maja 2021 r.
ANALYSIS ON THE RISKS OF CHINA'S DIRECT INVESTMENT IN AFRICA AND THE COUNTERMEASURES
Authors: DAI JUN-PING , WU LING-FANG
Published: December 2021

Since the establishment of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, China's Direct investment in Africa has the characteristics as follows: rapid development of investment scale, enriched investment fields and diversified investors. While the investment proportion in Africa of total China’s OFDI is still small and the investment mainly concentrates on certain Africa countries. Most importantly, in the process of China’s investment in Africa, investment risks are rising, many investment projects have suffered setbacks or failures. Chinese enterprises face with political risk, corruption risk, environmental risk and public opinion risk in process of direct investment in Africa. Therefore, enterprises should improve the ability to control and prevent the risk, investment strategy should be optimized according to local conditions, as well as fulfill the environmental responsibility and enhance the voice in Africa to improve the international image.
RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL FARMERS’ ECONOMIC SALES CHANNELS: A CASE STUDY OF QINGYUAN, GUANGDONG AND HUALIEN, TAIWAN
Authors: CHIEN HSIAO-YU , BHUIYAN MIRAJ AHMED
Published: December 2021

In order to meet the demand of sustainable development of agriculture, we should enhance the competitiveness of small-scale peasant economy, grasp the business channels, grasp the business opportunities, and expand the new development of agriculture by strengthening and integrating the sales channels of agriculture. Sales channels have a positive impact on the development of small-scale farmers' economy. Hualian Changliang organic group develops through diversified channels such as school nutrition lunch, farmer's market, chain supermarket and farmer's direct selling station, so as to improve the sales volume of agricultural products and expand the new development of small-scale peasant economy. Through in-depth interviews, the sales channels of Qingyuan Bailijin Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. are mainly divided into online and offline Channel, offline distributors are directly used for distribution, while ‘Wechat’ is used for online sales. The diversified development of channels has a certain impact on the sales volume of agricultural products. The development of small-scale peasant economy in Hualian and Qingyuan depends on the expansion of sales channels. The establishment and deepening of diversified online and offline sales channels affect the development of small-scale peasant economy and the sustainability of agricultural development.
THE ENTREPRENEURIAL MECHANISM OF DIGITAL FINANCE FOR INCLUSIVE GROWTH—EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Authors: TENG LEI , YAN YANG
Published: December 2021

Inclusive growth is an important goal of economic development. Active entrepreneurial activities have brought a large number of new jobs, which make development benefit more people and become an important means to achieve inclusive growth. However, financial constraints often become an obstacle for entrepreneurial activities. This paper studies the mechanism of using digital financial development to alleviate the constraints of venture capital and achieve inclusive growth. It is found that digital financial development is indeed conducive to the development of entrepreneurial activities to achieve inclusive growth, and the use depth and digital degree of digital finance play a more significant role in easing the constraints of venture capital.
RESEARCH ON THE ECONOMIC EFFECT OF INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE COLLABORATIVE AGGLOMERATION
Authors: WU HONG-XIA , CUI CHAO
Published: December 2021

In order to promote the coordinated development of industrial structure towards manufacturing industry and producer services and improve the level of regional economic development, the "double-wheel drive" development mode of modern service industry and manufacturing industry in developed regions or countries is studied, and the economic effect of the collaborative agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry is studied. The most basic economic effects of industrial collaborative agglomeration are economic growth effect and industrial structure upgrade effect. The Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration must reasonably promote the "two-wheel" driving strategy, change the mode of economic development, relieve the crowded effect of industrial collaborative agglomeration, and transform the negative effect of industrial collaborative agglomeration on economic growth. This study has reference value in the following aspects: to ease the spillover conduction path of industrial collaborative agglomeration, to strengthen the coordinating and leading role of central cities, to accelerate industrial upgrading, and to narrow the regional income gap.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON SSM
Authors: SUN QI-LIANG
Published: December 2021

Personnel management is a series of management activities for the company to select, use, train, evaluate, reward and punish its employees. The personnel management information system designed and implemented in this paper integrates the functions of batch import of information, instant update of personnel information, position transfer, information inquiry and statistical analysis. This system is oriented to various users such as managers at all levels of small and medium-sized enterprises and institutions. In this paper, using the aspect-oriented programming, Inversion of Control features of the Spring framework, using spring MVC model and using the ORM (Object Relational Mapping, Object Relational Mapping) feature of MyBatis, using B/S architecture and MySQL database, with high scalability, high refactorability as the design goal, designs and implements an Personnel Management Information System. The system builds a personnel database covering more than 20 information about personnel's basic information, education background, and positions, and realizes functions such as batch import of information, instant update of personnel information, job transfer, entry management, resignation management, information inquiry and statistical analysis. At the same time, it is ensured that these functions will not be illegally operated by users without authority, so that the system has higher security. This system provides an integrated solution for the informatization of personnel management and has high practical and commercial value.
A TRIPLE SCREENING METHOD FOR THE IMPACT FACTORS OF HIGH STOCK TURNOVER
Authors: PEI YU-YANG , XUE XIAO-WEN
Published: December 2021

Taking 2680 stocks selected from the market as the research object, this paper proposes a triple screening method for the influential factors of high transfer of stocks. Firstly, we preprocess the data and eliminate the variables with insufficient information. Secondly, cluster analysis was used to eliminate small clusters. Finally, according to the method of feature engineering, we further screen the features. In addition, this paper uses factor analysis method for reference to calculate the profitability of listed companies. The effect is remarkable.
ANTI-CORRUPTION MECHANISM OF SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: ZHANG CAN
Published: December 2021

The advent of the Internet era has increased the ways for people to participate in political life and online media has become a force that cannot be ignored in fight against corruption. How to use social media for effective online anti-corruption constitutes a major problem. Based on the Multi-value set analysis method, this article analyzes the anti-corruption cases that have occurred on social networks from 2008 to the present. A total of three invalid paths and seven effective paths for Internet anti-corruption are obtained. The path is more effective that whistleblower has direct contact with the officials and the officials at the bureau rank. The whistleblower has no contact with the officials and the official’s rank is at low level, which is more likely to fail. The future development direction is to use technology to empower anti-corruption and to carry out anti-corruption through emerging social media. The government should take an institutionalized path to promote the sound operation of online anti-corruption.
The Creator Economy: Managing Ecosystem Supply, Revenue Sharing, and Platform Design
Authors: Bhargava Hemant K.
Published: December 2021

Many digital platforms give users a bundle of goods sourced from numerous creators, generate revenue through consumption of these goods, and motivate creators by sharing of revenue. This paper studies the platform’s design choices and creators’ participation and supply decisions when users’ (viewers’) consumption of goods (content) is financed by third-party advertisers. The model specifies the platform’s scale: number of creators and content supplied and magnitudes of viewers, advertisers, and revenues. I examine how the distribution of creator capabilities affects market concentration among creators and how it can be influenced by platform design. Tools for ad management and analytics are more impactful when the platform has sufficient content and viewers but has low ad demand. Conversely, reducing viewers’ distaste for ads through better matching and timing—which can create win–win–win effects throughout the ecosystem—is important when the platform has strong demand from advertisers. Platform infrastructure improvements that motivate creators to supply more content (e.g., development toolkits) must be chosen carefully to avoid creating higher concentration among a few powerful creators. Investments in first-party content are most consequential when the platform scale is small and when it has greater urgency to attract more viewers. I show that revenue sharing is (only partly) a tug of war between the platform and creators because a moderate sharing formula strengthens the overall ecosystem and profits of all participants. However, revenue-sharing tensions indicate a need to extend the one-rate-for-all creators approach with richer revenue-sharing arrangements that can better accommodate heterogeneity among creators.

This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, information systems.
Active alignment of receiving beam for coaxial optics in wind sensing coherent Doppler lidar using feedback control based on the processing of heterodyne-detected signal
Authors: Ito Yusuke , Imaki Masaharu , Tanaka Hisamichi , Hagio Masahiro , Inokuchi Hamaki , Kameyama Shumpei
Published: December 2021

We have developed an active alignment of receiving beam (AARB) function for coaxial optics in wind sensing coherent Doppler lidar using feedback control based on the heterodyne-detected signal processing of backscattered light from the aerosols. The proposed method needs only the simple alignment components and contributes to the robustness for the coherent lidars with the high-power laser transmitter under the risky condition of misalignment, for example, in the airborne application. The concept, design, and evaluation results of the alignment precision are shown. The effect of the AARB is demonstrated for both cases of the hard target and soft target (i.e., wind sensing). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the AARB concept for the wind sensing coherent lidar.
Room temperature photon-counting lidar at 3  µm
Authors: Widarsson Max , Henriksson Markus , Barrett Laura , Pasiskevicius Valdas , Laurell Fredrik
Published: December 2021

A midinfrared single-photon-counting lidar at 3 µm is presented. The 3 µm photons were upconverted to 790 nm in a periodically poled rubidium-doped

K
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i
O
P

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4

crystal through intracavity mixing inside a 1064 nm

N
d

:

Y
V
O

4

laser and detected using a conventional silicon single-photon avalanche detector (SPAD). The lidar system could distinguish 1 mm deep features on a diffusely reflecting target, limited by the SPAD and time-tagging electronics. This technique could easily be extended to longer wavelengths within the transparency of the nonlinear crystal.
Gold-viral particle identification by deep learning in wide-field photon scattering parametric images
Authors: Zhao Hanwen , Ni Bin , Jin Xiao , Zhang Heng , Hou Jamie Jiangmin , Hou Lianping , Marsh John H. , Dong Lei , Li Shanhu , Gao Xiaohong W. , Shi Daming , Liu Xuefeng , Xiong Jichuan
Published: December 2021

The ability to identify virus particles is important for research and clinical applications. Because of the optical diffraction limit, conventional optical microscopes are generally not suitable for virus particle detection, and higher resolution instruments such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are required. In this paper, we propose a new method for identifying virus particles based on polarization parametric indirect microscopic imaging (PIMI) and deep learning techniques. By introducing an abrupt change of refractivity at the virus particle using antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), the strength of the photon scattering signal can be magnified. After acquiring the PIMI images, a deep learning method was applied to identify discriminating features and classify the virus particles, using electron microscopy (EM) images as the ground truth. Experimental results confirm that gold-virus particles can be identified in PIMI images with a high level of confidence.
Specialty optical fiber modeling, fabrication, and characterization: introduction
Authors: Ortaç Bülend , Jain Deepak , Jha Rajan , Hu Jonathan , Ung Bora
Published: December 2021

In this introduction, we provide an overview of the papers that were accepted for publication in the feature issue on specialty optical fiber modeling, fabrication, and characterization. A total of 22 papers were published in JOSA B. This feature issue presents cutting-edge research on specialty optical fibers and highlights recent developments in a new generation of optical fibers.
Classification accuracy improvement of the optical diffractive deep neural network by employing a knowledge distillation and stochastic gradient descent β-Lasso joint training framework
Authors: Fang Tao , Li Jingwei , Zhang Xiang , Dong Xiaowen
Published: December 2021

Optical diffractive deep neural network (OD2NN) is an optical machine learning framework that utilizes diffraction on the cascaded diffractive surfaces to perform an arbitrary function. Compared with the deep neural networks (DNNs) implemented in electronic domain, proof-of-principle demonstrations of OD2NNs show promising advantages in terms of speed and power efficiency. However, the classification accuracy of the demonstrated OD2NN has been limited by the absence of optical nonlinear operations, even in the hybrid OD2NNs which are integrated with electronic neural networks. Here, we propose a novel training framework to improve the classification accuracy of the OD2NNs without employing any nonlinear physical elements. In this framework, the hybrid OD2NN with a fully connected electronic layer integrated (hybrid) are preferred and knowledge distillation (KD) and stochastic gradient descent β-Lasso (SGD-β-Lasso) joint-training are used. A blind testing classification accuracy of 70.19% and 85.17% have been obtained for Cifar-10 and Cats vs. Dogs dataset, respectively, which is the state-of-the-art accuracy achieved by the hybrid OD2NN so far. In addition, the proposed framework can significantly reduce the complexity of hardware fabrication and layers alignment since the hybrid OD2NN only consists of 5 diffractive layers. This work take a big step forward the application of the OD2NN in realistic scenarios.
Generation of Huygens’ dipoles for any spherical nanoparticle excited by counter-propagating plane waves: study of scattered helicity
Authors: Carretero L. , Acebal P. , Blaya S.
Published: December 2021

Helicity and directionality control of scattered light by nanoparticles is an important task in different photonic fields. In this paper, we theoretically demonstrate that scattered light of lossy spherical nanoparticles excited by using two counter-propagating dephased plane waves with opposite helicity ±1 and the adequate selection of dephase and intensity shows a well defined helicity and a controllable scattering directivity. Numerical examples of Si nanospheres are studied showing their potential application to directional nanoantennas with a well defined helicity. The proposed method is valid for any type of nanoparticle, not only lossy ones.
Distributed Brillouin fiber laser sensor
Authors: Murray Joseph B. , Cerjan Alex , Redding Brandon
Published: December 2021

Brillouin fiber sensors can provide distributed strain and temperature measurements over long distances in standard off-the-shelf fiber by measuring the Brillouin frequency shift as a function of position along a fiber. The primary drawback of these systems is their limited sensitivity, which results from the challenge in identifying the Brillouin frequency shift to within a small fraction of the Brillouin linewidth. In this work, we introduce a technique that overcomes this fundamental limitation by establishing a series of lasing modes that experience Brillouin amplification at discrete spatial locations in the test fiber. The linewidth narrowing and high intensity associated with the lasing transition enable precise measurements of this lasing frequency. As an initial demonstration, we present a sensor that simultaneously excites 40 lasing modes in a 400 m fiber, providing a measurement of the strain at 40 discrete locations with a spatial resolution of 4 m. Each sensor exhibits a minimum detectable strain as low as

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ε

/

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z

1

/

2

with a dynamic range of

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5

m

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and a bandwidth of

∼

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z

. As the first demonstration that Brillouin lasing can be used for distributed fiber sensing, this work establishes an approach that could enable ultrahigh strain sensitivity using off-the-shelf fiber.
Spatial coherence of electrically pumped random terahertz lasers
Authors: Pogna Eva A. A. , Di Gaspare Alessandra , Reichel Kimberly , Liberatore Chiara , Beere Harvey E. , Ritchie David A. , Vitiello Miriam S.
Published: December 2021

Light sources with high radiance and tailored coherence properties are highly desirable for imaging applications in the mid-infrared and terahertz (THz) spectral regions, which host a large variety of molecular absorptions and distinctive fingerprints to be exploited for sensing and tomography. Here, we characterize the spatial coherence of random multimode THz quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) emitting > mW optical power per mode and showing low divergence (10°–30°), performing a modified Young’s double-slit experiment. Partial spatial coherence values ranging between 0.16 and 0.34 are retrieved, depending on the specific degree of disorder. These values are significantly lower than those (0.82) of conventional Fabry–Perot THz QCLs exploiting an identical active region quantum design. We then incorporate the devised low spatial coherence random lasers into a confocal imaging system with micrometer spatial resolution and demonstrate notable imaging performances, at THz frequencies, against spatial cross talk and speckles.
Principle and numerical demonstration of high power all-fiber coherent beam combination based on self-imaging effect in a square core fiber
Authors: Yan Yuefang , Liu Yu , Zhang Haoyu , Li Yue , Li Yuwei , Feng Xi , Yan Donglin , Wang Jianjun , Lin Honghuan , Jing Feng , Huang Wenhui , Tao Rumao
Published: December 2021

The self-imaging effect in a square core fiber has been investigated, and an integrated all-fiber combiner has been proposed based on a large mode area double clad fiber, which can be employed to construct high power coherent beam combining sources in the all-fiber format. The influence of various parameters on beam quality (

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2

) and efficiency of the all-fiber coherent beam combiner has been studied numerically, which reveals that the near diffraction-limited laser beam can be achieved. A principle demonstration of the self-imaging effect has been carried out experimentally in a square core fiber, which proves the feasibility of beam combining with the square fiber, and that it is a promising way to develop high power coherent beam combination sources.
Dual-band multifunctional coding metasurface with a mingled anisotropic aperture for polarized manipulation in full space
Authors: Pan Yibo , Lan Feng , Zhang Yaxin , Zeng Hongxin , Wang Luyang , Song Tianyang , He Guiju , Yang Ziqiang
Published: December 2021

Integrated metasurfaces with diversified functionalities have demonstrated promising prospects for comprehensive implementations in compact 5G/6G communication systems by flexibly manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves. Increasingly emerged multifunctional metasurfaces have successfully revealed integrated wavefront manipulations via phase gradient arrays, coding apertures, independent polarization control, asymmetric transmission/reflection, etc. However, multifunctional metasurfaces with more degrees of freedom in terms of multi-band/broadband operation frequencies, full-space coverage, and computable array factors are still in dire demand. As a step forward in extending manipulation dimensions, we propose and corroborate a dual-band multifunctional coding metasurface for anomalous reflection, radar cross-section reduction, and vortex beam generation through full-wave analysis and experiment. Our tri-layer meta-device comprises a shared coding aperture of split-ring and cross-shaped resonators sandwiched between two layers of orthogonal wire gratings. With an approach of independent control of a reflection–transmission wavefront under orthogonal polarization states and Fabry–Perot-like constructive interference, the low-cross-talk shared coding aperture features a smooth phase shift and high efficiency for 3-bit coding in the K-band and 1-bit coding in the Ka-band. Both numerical and measured results verify that the proposed coding metasurface can effectively realize full-space EM control and improve the capacity of the information channel, which could be developed for potential applications in multifunctional devices and integrated systems.
Examination of the cognitive function of Japanese community-dwelling older adults in a class for preventing cognitive decline during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kouzuki Minoru , Furukawa Shota , Mitani Keisuke , Urakami Katsuya
Published: December 2021

We examined the changes in cognitive function due to restrictions in daily life during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive decline. This was a retrospective, case-control study. The participants include 88 older adults with mild cognitive decline (mean age = 81.0 [standard deviation = 6.5] years) who participated in a class designed to help prevent cognitive decline. This class was suspended from early-March to end of May 2020 to prevent the spread of COVID-19, and resumed in June 2020. We collected demographic and cognitive function test data (Touch Panel-type Dementia Assessment Scale [TDAS]) before and after class suspension and questionnaire data on their lifestyle and thoughts during the suspension. Change in TDAS scores from before and after the suspension was used to divide the participants into decline (2 or more points worsening) and non-decline (all other participants) groups, with 16 (18.2%) and 72 (81.8%) participants in each group, respectively. A logistic regression model showed that the odds ratio (OR) for cognitive decline was lower in participants whose responses were “engaged in hobbies” (OR = 0.07, p = 0.015), “worked on a worksheet about cognitive training provided by the town hall” (OR = 0.19, p = 0.026), and “had conversations over the phone” (OR = 0.28, p = 0.0495). There was a significant improvement in TDAS scores after class was resumed (p < 0.01). A proactive approach to intellectual activities and social ties may be important for the prevention of cognitive decline during periods of restrictions due to COVID-19. We found that cognitive function test scores before class suspension significantly improved after resuming classes. We speculate that continued participation in this class led to positive behavioral changes in daily life during periods of restriction due to COVID-19.
Limitations of lymphoblastoid cell lines for establishing genetic reference datasets in the immunoglobulin loci
Authors: Rodriguez Oscar L. , Sharp Andrew J. , Watson Corey T.
Published: December 2021

Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) have been critical to establishing genetic resources for biomedical science. They have been used extensively to study human genetic diversity, genome function, and inform the development of tools and methodologies for augmenting disease genetics research. While the validity of variant callsets from LCLs has been demonstrated for most of the genome, previous work has shown that DNA extracted from LCLs is modified by V(D)J recombination within the immunoglobulin (IG) loci, regions that harbor antibody genes critical to immune system function. However, the impacts of V(D)J on short read sequencing data generated from LCLs has not been extensively investigated. In this study, we used LCL-derived short read sequencing data from the 1000 Genomes Project (n = 2,504) to identify signatures of V(D)J recombination. Our analyses revealed sample-level impacts of V(D)J recombination that varied depending on the degree of inferred monoclonality. We showed that V(D)J associated somatic deletions impacted genotyping accuracy, leading to adulterated population-level estimates of allele frequency and linkage disequilibrium. These findings illuminate limitations of using LCLs and short read data for building genetic resources in the IG loci, with implications for interpreting previous disease association studies in these regions.
How to Read a Suit: A Guide to Changing Men’s Fashion from the 17th to the 20th Century, Lydia Edwards (2020)
Authors: Gavin Lauren
Published: December 2021

Review of: How to Read a Suit: A Guide to Changing Men’s Fashion from the 17th to the 20th Century, Lydia Edwards (2020)

London: Bloomsbury, 232 pp.,

ISBN: 978-1-35007-116-2, h/bk, £75.00
Kanduras ‘Khaleeji style’: Investigating Gulf masculinities and dress
Authors: George Lezley
Published: December 2021

Far more research is dedicated to assessing women’s fashioned bodies than for men’s in the Middle East and particularly in Gulf countries. Across the Gulf, male national citizens typically wear a long ‘dress-like’ garment, with regionally designated names of kandura
, dish-dasha or thobe, and in colours delineated depending on the particular GCC state. Particularly focusing on the United Arab Emirates, I investigate how the kandura, when combined with the ghutra (white headscarf) and agal (black rope with tassels), becomes representational of national hegemonic masculinity and performatively styled to underline cultural authority and authenticity. These garments are deemed traditional attire, but on a closer inspection, they act as sites to investigate coded signs of cultural fashion capital and ‘local’ tastes. This article critically unpacks these constructs and their meanings for Khaleeji masculinity by examining three main ‘spaces’ – work, leisure and military national service – to scrutinize how the gender politics of space operates on men’s dressed body practices and underpins an emblematic presentation of privilege and patriotic manhood.
Agitation Courts as a Form of Agitation and Propaganda Work in the 1920s.
Authors: Sidorchuk I.V.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to such a type ofagitation and propaganda work, which was actively used in the 1920s, as staged agitation courts (agitsudy). According to the idea of their popularizers, they should have been an integral part of club work, being evaluated as a sufficiently effective way to revive cultural work and involve the broad masses in it, and become one of the many forms of rational organization of free leisure time. The article considers the range of topics covered by the agit-sudy and their place in cultural and propaganda work in the context of the transformation of everyday and leisure culture. The author comes to the conclusion that agitation courts, when properly organized, helped to combine indoctrination with entertainment, thereby contributing to the involvement of the broad masses in agitation and propaganda work. With minimal organization costs, they were more effective than lectures and plays due to the active involvement of the audience in the process. The topic of the processes depended on the most relevant tasks for the time and place and was often associated with the ongoing political campaigns. If initially agitsudy were organized not only to accuse, but also to re-educate, educate and integrate new values into everyday life, then by the end of the period there is a tendency to weigh down the charges and increase the severity of sentences.
APLICACIÓN DE COLORACIONES ESPECIALES EN EL DIAGNÓSTICO HISTOPATOLÓGICO: TINCIÓN TRICRÓMICA DE MASSON
Authors: Cruz N RN
Published: December 2021

Masson's trichrome (MT) is a three-color staining protocol used in histology. MT allows to show and quantify changes such as tissue repair (healing) and collagen deposition. Also, it can be used to quantify blood vessels, in epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. The objective of this work is to describe the MT staining technique and to exemplify some applications of this technique in routine veterinary histopathological diagnosis. Archived histologic sections were selected from the records of the histopathology laboratory. Tissues were selected in base on theirs structures and lesions that could be evaluated with MT: a rabbit lung with a chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia; a bovine liver with lesions of Echium plantagineum poisoning; and a bovine eyelid with a squamous cell carcinoma. The TM was able to show fibroplasia in the pulmonary interstitium and confirm the presence of a chronic respiratory process, and clearly revealed an abundant fibrovascular tumor stroma, with profuse connective tissue and neovascularization between the tumor cells in deep dermis. In the liver, extensive and marked fibroplasia was confirmed. MT represents a complementary coloration to routine hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) and provides accurate information from several pathological processes, mainly those related to fibrovascular proliferation and scarring.
Violência de gênero em mulheres estudantes universitárias: evidências sobre a prevalência e sobre os fatores associados
Authors: Tasqueto Tassinari Taís , Honnef Fernanda Honnef , Arboit Jaqueline , Ferreira Langendorf Tassiane , Cardoso de Paula Cristiane , De Mello Padoin Stela Maris
Published: December 2021

A violência de gênero contra as mulheres está relacionada à desigualdade de gênero. Ela é compreendida como a ruptura de qualquer forma de integridade da mulher — física, sexual, psicológica, patrimonial, econômica ou moral — e pode ocorrer tanto no âmbito privado-familiar como nos espaços de trabalho e públicos. A violência de gênero repercute na saúde e na qualidade de vida das mulheres em qualquer âmbito social. No caso deste estudo, ela foi analisada no ambiente universitário e no desenvolvimento acadêmico delas. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou analisar as evidências acerca da prevalência da violência de gênero em mulheres estudantes universitárias e seus fatores associados. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC e ASSIA, em que 22 artigos atenderam aos critérios de seleção. As evidências disponíveis na literatura indicaram diferentes formas de violência de gênero em mulheres universitárias, perpetradas por parceiros íntimos e outros agressores. A prevalência de violência de gênero em mulheres estudantes universitárias apontada nos estudos variou entre 1,3% e 85%, diferindo de acordo com o tipo de violência. A violência está associada com fatores sociais e comportamentais, uma vez que as estudantes mais jovens apresentaram maiores índices de violência, assim como as de raça/etnia não branca, as que se identificavam como homossexuais ou bissexuais e as que tinham histórico de vitimização anterior. Evidências sobre o uso de álcool e outras drogas por parte das mulheres e a participação em irmandades sociais diferiram de acordo com o tipo de violência. Assim, conclui-se que a prevalência da violência de gênero na população de mulheres estudantes universitárias varia de acordo com a sua tipificação, é majoritariamente perpetrada por homens próximos a elas e está associada com marcadores sociais.
Ідеографічний словник як форма представлення діалектного матеріалу
Authors: Рябець Людмила Віталіївна
Published: December 2021

У статті окреслено етапи становлення ідеографічної діалектної лексикографії в українському мовознавстві, теоретичні аспекти випрацювання методики їх укладання. Наголошено на важливості наукової спадщини професора М.В. Никончука в ділянці створення ідеографічних діалектних словників; його досвід є цінним для дослідників, які прагнуть повно відтворити лексику діалектів. Подано огляд опублікованих праць, виконаних за ідеографічною методикою. Відзначено, що представлення діалектного лексичного матеріалу у формі ідеографічного словника розширює межі традиційного діалектного тлумачного словника і максимально зберігає всю зафіксовану в говірках мовну інформацію.
Wialnia i młynek w języku mieszkańców wybranych wsi wielkopolskich
Authors: Kobus Justyna
Published: December 2021

W artykule podjęto problem relacji nazwa–desygnat na przykładzie nazw maszyn do czyszczenia oraz sortowania zboża. Analizy opierają się głównie na materiale wielkopolskim z odwołaniami do źródeł z innych regionów. Pozyskane współcześnie dane terenowe zostały zestawione z danymi Atlasu języka i kultury ludowej Wielkopolski, co pozwoliło wykazać zmiany zachodzące w zakresie badanych nazw.
Wybrane zjawiska słowotwórcze przymiotnika w polszczyźnie południowokresowej (na przykładzie obwodu lwowskiego)
Authors: Kostecka-Sadowa Anna
Published: December 2021

Artykuł przedstawia zjawiska związane ze słowotwórstwem przymiotników w polszczyźnie południowokresowej. Podstawę materiałową analizy stanowią wyrazy rodzime i obcego pochodzenia, typowe dla polszczyzny kresowej. Omawiam sufiksy najbardziej produktywne i typowe w mowie badanych mieszkańców.
PhDr. Stanislava Kloferová, CSc. 3.11.1955 – 5.07.2020
Authors: Spinková Stanislava
Published: December 2021

"V létě tohoto roku jsme se rozloučili s PhDr. Stanislavou Kloferovou, CSc. (* 3.11.1955 – † 5.07.2020), významnou českou lingvistkou, bohemistkou a lexikografkou; a také dobrým a laskavým člověkem".