bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical Conduction and Relaxation in Perovskite Oxide SrCe0.98Na0.02O3 Synthesized by Solid‐State Route
Authors: Yadav Dharmendra , Kumar Upendra , Nirala Gurudeo , Upadhyay Shail
Published: December 2019

Powder of SrCe0.98Na0.02O3 is synthesized by calcination at 1000 °C for 8 h via solid‐state ceramic route. The ceramic/pellet of this compound is obtained by sintering at 1200 °C for 12 h. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) technique is used to confirm single‐phase formation. Rietveld refinement of the XRD pattern of sintered powder has confirmed orthorhombic crystal structure and space group Pnma as reported for SrCeO3. Further, the purity of the synthesized compound is ensured using Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Scanning electron microscopic studies have reflected dense microstructure and spherical shape grains with an average size of 1.80 µm. Complex plane impedance and spectroscopic analysis are employed to study electrical conduction and relaxation mechanisms in the temperature range 300–600 °C and frequency range 20 Hz to 2 MHz. The activation energy for DC conduction (Econ) and relaxation (Erelx) is found to be the same (0.77 eV). Based on the numerical value of activation energies, conduction and relaxation mechanisms are attributed to migration of doubly ionized oxygen vacancies (VO••).
Influence of SiO2 Filler on the Property Enhancement and Endurance of Poly(ethylene oxide)–Salt Composite
Authors: Choudhuri Mayuri , Choudhury Debasmita , Mukhopadhyay Jayanta , Mukhopadhyay Madhumita
Published: December 2019

Ion conduction process is highly dependent on the synthesis and type of polymer salt composite. Composites are synthesized using low melting poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) salts (NH4I and KBr) loaded with 10 wt% treated silica as passive filler. Highest ionic conductivity of ≈10−3 S cm−1 with least bulk resistance is obtained from PEO–NH4I (20%) composite consisting of treated silica as filler. The aim of the present article resides in the selection and usage of salt effectively wherein highly conductive (like PEO–NH4I‐treated SiO2) and highly dielectric (like PEO–KBr‐treated SiO2) films can be utilized as per the needs of application. The novelty of the research work is imbibed in the long‐term endurance analyses of such composites for 2000 h. Addition of silica is reported to significantly enhance the cyclability of PEO–ammonium salt based electrolyte significantly up to 2000 h. Detailed study is carried out in terms of long‐term analyses and correlated with SEM morphology.
Elaborative Studies on Non‐Porous Carbon Material for Super Capacitor Application
Authors: Dhapola Pawan S. , Sahoo Nanda G. , Bhattacharya Bhaskar , Kumar Yogesh , Singh Pramod K. , Gupta Meenal
Published: December 2019

This study demonstrates a simplistic and effectual approach to prepare non‐porous carbon for which nitrogen is doped in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in presence of catalyst cobalt chloride (COCl2). Characterization of the prepared non‐porous carbon is carried out using Raman, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller. The calculated surface area of the prepared carbon is 15.78 m2 g−1. To compare the performance of prepared non‐porous carbon with pure PVC as an electrode material for supercapacitor application, two EDLC cells are prepared. In both the cells, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate (ionic liquid) is used as an electrolyte and filter paper is used as a separator. Six times increment is found in the specific capacitance value of EDLC prepared using nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC‐CO) than prepared using pure PVC. The calculated specific capacitance values using low‐frequency impedance spectroscopy are 62.28 and 7 F g−1, respectively, for NC‐CO and pure PVC.
Monitoring Populations in Partially Protected Marine Areas: Comparisons of Length Data Derived from Recreational Angler Surveys and Fishery-Independent Surveys
Authors: Ochwada-Doyle Faith A. , Johnson Daniel D. , Gray Charles A. , Rotherham Douglas
Published: December 2019

In partially protected marine areas, such as recreational fishing havens (RFHs), fishery-independent surveys and recreational angler surveys represent two of the few available methods of collecting length-frequency data to monitor population responses to protection from commercial fishing and the impacts of ongoing recreational fishing. Although length data plays an important role in facilitating stock assessment and monitoring within RFHs, little is known about the relative magnitude and direction of size-selective biases introduced by fishery-independent surveys and angler surveys. This study quantitatively compared length data derived from the two methods for three exploited species or taxa (bream species complex of Acanthopagrus spp. [hybrid complex of Black Bream A. butcheri × Yellowfin Bream A. australis], Dusky Flathead Platycephalus fuscus, and Sand Whiting Sillago ciliata) sampled from two estuarine RFHs in Australia. When all lengths sampled by each method were compared, the species-specific length frequencies derived from angler surveys and fishery-independent surveys differed significantly in all cases but for Dusky Flathead from one RFH. Following standardization for minimum-legal-length restrictions, the angler survey method captured a more representative spectrum of lengths for Acanthopagrus spp. For Dusky Flathead, angler surveys and fishery-independent surveys performed equally in terms of the lengths captured. Although length frequencies for Sand Whiting above minimum legal length differed significantly between the methods in both RFHs, spatial inconsistencies precluded a clear conclusion for this species. The fact that neither method consistently outperformed the other across all species supports the idea that using both angler surveys and fishery-independent surveys in a complimentary manner may enable a clearer understanding of size compositions across multiple species for monitoring and stock assessment purposes and thereby facilitate an ecosystem-based approach to fishery assessment and management.
Higher Aggregation of Key Prey Species Associated with Diet and Abundance of the Steller Sea Lion Eumetopias jubatus across the Aleutian Islands
Authors: Rand Kimberly , McDermott Susanne , Logerwell Elizabeth , Matta Mary Elizabeth , Levine Mike , Bryan David R. , Spies Ingrid B. , Loomis Todd
Published: December 2019

The Aleutian Islands ecosystem is a highly dynamic marine environment that supports commercially important fish species, such as Atka Mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius and Northern Rockfish Sebastes polyspinis, and several large marine mammals, including the Steller sea lion (SSL) Eumetopias jubatus. To protect SSL foraging behavior and prey, trawl exclusion zones (TEZs) were established around SSL rookeries and haulouts across the Aleutian Islands and are closed to bottom trawling. The Atka Mackerel fishery is concentrated at small, local patches (~37.04 km [~20 nautical miles]) across the Aleutian Islands, often near and adjacent to TEZs. Food web models and fishery stock assessments predict sufficient prey for both the fishery and foraging SSLs at the level of large management areas (each area is ~463 km [~250 nautical miles] longitudinally), but little is known about local fish distribution (~37.04 km) in proximity to SSL rookeries and haulouts. We used CPUE to examine the spatial distribution of two SSL prey species (Atka Mackerel and Northern Rockfish) and marine invertebrates (as a proxy for habitat quality) at large (across the Aleutian Islands) and small (~37.04-km) scales. Although Atka Mackerel abundance estimates were similar across the Aleutian Islands, the density of Atka Mackerel differed. In the eastern Aleutian Islands, where SSL population trends have stabilized, Atka Mackerel aggregations were dense. In contrast, in the far western Aleutian Islands, where SSL populations are still in decline, Atka Mackerel distributions were diffuse and Northern Rockfish exhibited a greater density. Results indicated no significant difference in CPUE between areas open to fishing and closed areas (i.e., TEZs) at all study sites for Atka Mackerel and at all but one study site for Northern Rockfish, whereas invertebrate densities were significantly higher inside of TEZs at all study sites. We discuss how fish distributions across the Aleutian Islands may impact the success and behavior of foraging SSLs.
Gene‐by‐gene interactions associated with the risk of conotruncal heart defects
Authors: Lyu Chen , Webber Daniel M. , MacLeod Stewart L. , Hobbs Charlotte A. , Li Ming ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: December 2019

Background

The development of conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) involves a complex relationship among genetic variants and maternal lifestyle factors. In this article, we focused on the interactions between 13 candidate genes within folate, homocysteine, and transsulfuration pathways for potential association with CTD risk.

Methods

Targeted sequencing was used for 328 case‐parental triads enrolled in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS). To evaluate the interaction of two genes, we applied a conditional logistic regression model for all possible SNP pairs within two respective genes by contrasting the affected infants with their pseudo‐controls. The findings were replicated in an independent sample of 86 NBDPS case‐parental triads genotyped by DNA microarrays. The results of two studies were further integrated by a fixed‐effect meta‐analysis.

Results

One SNP pair (i.e., rs4764267 and rs6556883) located in gene MGST1 and GLRX, respectively, was found to be associated with CTD risk after multiple testing adjustment using simpleM, a modified Bonferroni correction approach (nominal p‐value of 4.62e‐06; adjusted p‐value of .04). Another SNP pair (i.e., rs11892646 and rs56219526) located in gene DNMT3A and MTRR, respectively, achieved marginal significance after multiple testing adjustment (adjusted p‐value of .06).

Conclusion

Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm and elucidate these potential interactions.
Specialized study to perform complex phase synchronization of two chaotic complex systems including a similar structure of direct terms with modifying in nonlinear terms
Authors: E. Mahmoud Emad , Ahmed Alyami Maryam
Published: December 2019

We ponder a different kind of complex synchronization. We name this sort “complex phase synchronization” (CPHS). This review concentrates on two chaotic complex structures, including a similar structure of direct terms with totally differing or incompletely in nonlinear terms. A novel plan is needed to complete the complex phase synchronization (CPHS) for the chaotic complex structures. In this plan, we have utilized the dependability hypothesis to decide diagnostically the complex control capacities that are expected to accomplish CPHS. From this plan, we found that CPHS holds or incorporates two sorts of synchronizations (phase and anti‐phase synchronizations) and the state factors of the main structure synchronize with alternate state factors of the slave structure. We connected this plan, for instance, to study the CPHS of two chaotic complex Lü structures with incompletely changing in nonlinear terms. These complex (or mind‐boggling) structures resemble in various imperative areas of mineral science and building. Numerical outcomes are sketched out to uncover the phases and modules errors of these chaotic attractors, subsequently communicating that CPHS is fulfilled. A specific application in secure communication is designed. Amongst this secure communication, CPHS between transmitter and collector is the key to the information signs are regained.
EBV‐directed viral‐specific T‐lymphocyte therapy for the treatment of EBV‐driven lymphoma in two patients with primary immunodeficiency and DNA repair defects
Authors: Rubinstein Jeremy D. , Burns Karen , Absalon Michael , Lutzko Carolyn , Leemhuis Tom , Chandra Sharat , Hanley Patrick J. , Keller Michael D. , Davies Stella M. , Nelson Adam , Grimley Michael
Published: December 2019

Children with ataxia telangiectasia (AT), a primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in ATM, which is critical for repairing DNA defects, are at risk for the development of hematologic malignancy, frequently driven by infection with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). Conventional chemotherapy is poorly tolerated by patients with AT, with excessive toxicity even when doses are reduced. Here, we report on two patients with AT and EBV‐positive neoplasms who were treated with EBV‐targeted viral‐specific T cells (VST). One patient had a prolonged complete response to VSTs while the other had a partial response. Therapy was well tolerated without infusion toxicity or graft‐versus‐host disease.
Aggression toward teachers, interaction with school shooting media, and secondary trauma: Lockdown drills as moderator
Authors: Stevens Tara , Barnard‐Brak Lucy , Roberts Brook , Acosta Rio , Wilburn Sydney
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the present study was first to investigate whether both teacher‐reported classroom aggression (ATT) and teachers’ interaction with school shooting media (ISSM) are predictors of teachers’ secondary trauma related to school shootings (STSS) and to second, consider how participation in lockdown drills may moderate these relationships. Two measures were created to understand the levels of aggression teachers report occurs in their classrooms and to understand how teachers interact with media related to school shootings. Both ISSM and ATT were associated with higher levels of STSS. Lockdown drills did not appear to interact with these relationships to either strengthen or weaken them. Considering the importance of teachers’ well‐being and how it influences their ability to be effective teachers, continued investigation is warranted.
Why do girls do better in reading than boys? How parental emotional contagion explains gender differences in reading achievement
Authors: Nalipay Ma. Jenina N. , Cai Yuyang , King Ronnel B.
Published: December 2019

Previous studies that attempted to explain why girls often perform better than boys in reading have emphasized the role of values and beliefs, with little attention paid to the role of emotions. This study focused on the role of parent–child emotional contagion in explaining gender differences, by investigating how parents’ reading emotion predicts students’ reading emotion and subsequent reading achievement. The data that was used was from a subsample of students from the Program for International Students Assessment (n = 84,429) from 14 countries. Multi‐group structural equation modeling was conducted to assess a model of parents’ enjoyment of reading predicting reading achievement through students’ enjoyment of reading. Results provided support for a model of parents’ enjoyment of reading, predicting students 'enjoyment of reading, and subsequent reading achievement for both girls and boys. However, the indirect effect of parents’ enjoyment of reading on reading achievement through students’ enjoyment of reading was found to be stronger in girls than in boys. Findings emphasize the important role of parents’ emotions on student outcomes and how gender biases in a certain context can affect the extent to which parents’ emotions can influence student achievement.
High‐Temperature Optical Characterization of GaN‐Based Light‐Emitting Diodes for Future Power Electronic Modules
Authors: Madhusoodhanan Syam , Sabbar Abbas , Atcitty Stanley , Kaplar Robert , Mantooth Alan , Yu Shui-Qing , Chen Zhong
Published: December 2019

High‐temperature optical analysis of three different InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) light‐emitting diode (LED) structures (peak wavelength λp = 448, 467, and 515 nm) is conducted for possible integration as an optocoupler emitter in high‐density power electronic modules. The commercially available LEDs, primarily used in the display (λp = 467 and 515 nm) and lighting (λp = 448 nm) applications, are studied and compared to evaluate if they can satisfy the light output requirements in the optocouplers at high temperatures. The temperature‐ and intensity‐dependent electroluminescence (T‐IDEL) measurement technique is used to study the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of the LEDs. All three LEDs exhibit above 70% IQE at 500 K and stable operation at 800 K without flickering or failure. At 800 K, a promising IQE of above 40% is observed for blue for display (BD) (λp = 467 nm) and green for display (GD) (λp = 515 nm) samples. The blue for light (BL) (λp = 448 nm) sample shows 24% IQE at 800 K.
Rumex japonicusHoutt.: A phytochemical, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic review
Authors: Sun Yue , Lenon George B. , Yang Angela W. H.
Published: December 2019

Rumex japonicusHoutt.(RJH‐Yang Ti) RJH has been used as a folk medicine in East Asian countries for thousands of years. It has a wide range of therapeutic effects in terms of anti‐microorganic, anti‐oxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antitumor effects. Therefore, it is urgent to thoroughly review the existing knowledge for this herb from phytochemical, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic perspectives. “Yang Ti” and its English, botanical and pharmaceutical names used as keywords to perform database search which included the Encyclopaedia of traditional Chinese Medicines, PubMed, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and China Network Knowledge Infrastructure. Forty‐five compounds identified from RJH. Besides, the therapeutic effects of RJH have been summarized as well. The root of RJH contains derivatives of anthraquinones, phytosterols, nepodin, oxanthrone c‐glycosides, phenolic acid, cinnamic acid, flavonoid, epoxynaphthoquinol, triterpenoids, methoxynaphthalene, trihydroxybenzene, anthracene‐9,10‐dione, and other compounds. The extract of RJH and its chemical compounds showed the potentials as a complementary agent to exert antioxidant, antimicrobial, antisepsis, anticancer, anti‐haematological disease, anti‐dermatological disease, and antidiabetic activities. For the record, there is no study conducted on RJH regarding its pharmacokinetic aspect. Notably, Emodin may require additional attention due to its multiple organ toxicity concerns.
Dynamic output‐feedback fuzzy MPC for Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy systems under event‐triggering–based try‐once‐discard protocol
Authors: Dong Yuying , Song Yan , Wang Jianhua , Zhang Bin
Published: December 2019

The fuzzy model predictive control (FMPC) problem is studied for a class of discrete‐time Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy systems with hard constraints. In order to improve the network utilization as well as reduce the transmission burden and avoid data collisions, a novel event‐triggering–based try‐once‐discard (TOD) protocol is developed for networks between sensors and the controller. Moreover, due to practical difficulties in obtaining measurements, the dynamic output‐feedback method is introduced to replace the traditional state feedback method for addressing the FMPC problem. Our aim is to design a series of controllers in the framework of dynamic output‐feedback FMPC for T‐S fuzzy systems so as to find a good balance between the system performance and the time efficiency. Considering nonlinearities in the context of the T‐S fuzzy model, a “min‐max” strategy is put forward to formulate an online optimization problem over the infinite‐time horizon. Then, in light of the Lyapunov‐like function approach that fully involves the properties of the T‐S fuzzy model and the proposed protocol, sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the input‐to‐state stability of the underlying system. In order to handle the side effects of the proposed event‐triggering–based TOD protocol, its impacts are fully taken into consideration by virtue of the S‐procedure technique and the quadratic boundedness methodology. Furthermore, a certain upper bound of the objective is provided to construct an auxiliary online problem for the solvability, and the corresponding algorithm is given to find the desired controllers. Finally, two numerical examples are used to demonstrate the validity of proposed methods.
Direct data‐driven design of switching controllers
Authors: Breschi Valentina , Formentin Simone
Published: December 2019

Switching linear models can be used to represent the behavior of hybrid, time‐varying, and nonlinear systems, while generally providing a satisfactory trade‐off between accuracy and complexity. Although several control design techniques are available for such models, the effect of modeling errors on the closed‐loop performance has not been formally evaluated yet. In this paper, a data‐driven synthesis scheme is thus introduced to design optimal switching controllers directly from data, without needing a model of the plant. In particular, the theory will be developed for piecewise affine controllers, which have proven to be effective in many real‐world engineering applications. The performance of the proposed approach is illustrated on some benchmark simulation case studies.
Neural critic learning toward robust dynamic stabilization
Authors: Wang Ding , Xu Xin , Zhao Mingming
Published: December 2019

In this article, we focus on developing a neural‐network‐based critic learning strategy toward robust dynamic stabilization for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. A type of general uncertainties involved both in the internal dynamics and in the input matrix is considered. An auxiliary system with actual action and auxiliary signal is constructed after dynamics decomposition and combination for the original plant. The reasonability of the control problem transformation from robust stabilization to optimal feedback design is also provided theoretically. After that, the adaptive critic learning method based on a neural network is established to derive the approximate optimal solution of the transformed control problem. The critic weight can be initialized to a zero vector, which apparently facilitates the learning process. Numerical simulation is finally presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the critic learning approach for neural robust stabilization.
Structure‐Reactivity Relationship in ES Models of Co(II)‐Containing Quercetin 2,4‐Dioxygenase
Authors: Sun Ying‐Ji , Liu Yan‐Fang , Zhang Jian‐Jun , Li Yan‐Qin
Published: December 2019

To clarify structure‐function relationship among “typical” (2HisCOO) and “atypical” (3His, 3HisCOO, 4His) different active site dioxygenases, a set of model ligands 2NCOO, 3 N, 3NCOO, 4 N (L2NCOOH: 2‐((benzyl(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amino)methyl)benzoic acid, L3N: N‐benzyl‐1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐N‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)methanamine, L3NCOOH: 2‐{[bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amino]methyl}benzoic acid, L4N: tris(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amine) and their complexes [CoIILn(fla)] (n: 2NCOO (1), 3 N (2), 3NCOO (3), 4 N (4); fla: 3‐flavonolate) were designed as ES models of the Co(II)‐containing quercetin 2,4‐dioxygenase (Co‐2,4‐QD) from a structural and functional viewpoint. Their structure, properties, O2 reactivity, reaction mechanism, and structure‐reactivity relationship details were investigated. [CoLn(fla)] exhibit higher single turnover O2 reactivity to produce products similar to the enzymatic reaction, and model ligands dependent order 3 > 4 > 1 > 2. 3 (the same 3HisCOO structure as natural 2,4‐QD) shows higher reactivity, which highlight the role of active site Glu of 2,4‐QD. The reaction rate constant k shows linear correlation with E1/2(CoIII/II) and Epa(fla−/fla•), which highlights the structure‐property‐O2 reactivity relationship. This is the first biomimetic study of structure‐function correlation among 2HisCOO, 3His, 3HisCOO, 4His different active site dioxygenases, could shed light on understanding structure‐function relationship among them and reaction mechanism of Co‐2,4‐QD.
A Phosphorous‐Aluminium‐Nitride Synergistic Flame Retardant to Enhance Durability and Flame Retardancy of Cotton
Authors: Hao Shuaishuai , Zhu Wenju , Huang Hao , Yang Mingyang , Zhang Jimei
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a Phosphorous ‐ Aluminium ‐ Nitride synergistic flame retardant (PAN) was synthesized by phosphoric acid, glycerol, aluminium sulfate and urea, though a one‐pot process. The PAN was durably grafted onto the surface of cotton fabric by the simple process of soak‐dry‐cure. At the same time, the synergistic effect of the aluminium element and Phosphorous ‐ Nitrogen flame retardants (PN) was investigated. The flame‐retardant effect is the best when the conttent of alumium is 2.5 mol% (percentage of phosphoricacid) in PAN. The analyses of FTIR and XPS results suggested that PAN was grafted onto the cotton by forming a strong P−O‐C covalent bond on the surface of fiber. The SEM and Whiteness test proved that the flame‐retardant finishing cotton fabric do possess good morphology and whiteness. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of the PAN treated cotton fabric were assessed by TG and vertical flammability test. Then, found the aluminium sulfate in PAN had synergistic effect, and the PAN had significant flame retardancy in application.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct ortho‐C‐H Acylation of 2‐Phenylpyridine N‐oxides with Benzyl Alcohols/α‐Oxocarboxylic Acids
Authors: Zhou Ming‐Dong , Liu Chang , Sun Jing , Zhang Jing‐Hao , Wang He
Published: December 2019

A palladium(II)‐catalyzed acylation of 2‐phenylpyridine N‐oxides via ortho‐selective C−H activation at phenyl ring is developed using benzyl alcohols or α‐oxocarboxylic acids as the acylation reagents under mild conditions. The two reaction protocols exhibited complementary substrate scopes, and are tolerated to a variety of 2‐phenylpyridine N‐oxide substrates with high yield and selectivity. Mechanism studies indicated that this acylation reaction includes a radical process via acyl radical.
A computational investigation of airfoil aeroacoustics for structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades
Authors: Traylor Caleb , DiPaola Milo , Willis David J. , Inalpolat Murat
Published: December 2019

A generalized computational methodology for reduced order acoustic‐structural coupled modeling of the aeroacoustics of a wind turbine blade is presented. This methodology is used to investigate the acoustic pressure distribution in and around airfoils to guide the development of a passive damage detection approach for structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades for the first time. The output of a k − ε turbulence model computational fluid dynamics simulation is used to calculate simple acoustic sources on the basis of model tuning with published experimental data. The methodology is then applied to a computational case study of a 0.3048‐m chord NACA 0012 airfoil with two internal cavities, each with a microphone placed along the shear web. Five damage locations and four damage sizes are studied and compared with the healthy baseline case for three strategically selected acoustic frequencies: 1, 5, and 10 kHz. In 22 of the 36 cases in which the front cavity is damaged, the front cavity microphone measures an increase in sound pressure level (SPL) above 3 dB, while rear cavity damage only results in six out of 24 cases with a 3‐dB increase in the rear cavity. The 1‐ and 5‐kHz cases show a more consistent increase in SPL than the 10‐kHz case, illustrating the spectral dependency of the model. The case study shows how passive acoustic detection could be used to identify blade damage, while providing a template for application of the methodology to investigate the feasibility of passive detection for any specific turbine blade.
Exact SUSY Wilson loops on S3 from q-Virasoro constraints
Authors: Cassia Luca , Lodin Rebecca , Popolitov Aleksandr , Zabzine Maxim
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Using the ideas from the BPS/CFT correspondence, we give an explicit recur- sive formula for computing supersymmetric Wilson loop averages in 3d

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons U(N) theory on the squashed sphere

$$ {S}_b^3 $$

S
b
3

with one adjoint chiral and two antichiral fundamental multiplets, for specific values of Chern-Simons level κ
2 and Fayet- Illiopoulos parameter κ
1. For these values of κ
1 and κ
2 the north and south pole turn out to be completely independent, and therefore Wilson loop averages factorize into answers for the two constituent D
2
× S
1 theories. In particular, our formula provides results for the theory on the round sphere when the squashing is removed.
Feynman integrals as A-hypergeometric functions
Authors: de la Cruz Leonardo
Published: December 2019

Abstract

We show that the Lee-Pomeransky parametric representation of Feynman integrals can be understood as a solution of a certain Gel’fand-Kapranov-Zelevinsky (GKZ) system. In order to define such GKZ system, we consider the polynomial obtained from the Symanzik polynomialsg=$$ \mathcal{U} $$U+$$ \mathcal{F} $$Fas having indeterminate coefficients. Noncompact integration cycles can be determined from the coamoeba — the argument mapping — of the algebraic variety associated withg. In general, we add a deformation togin order to define integrals of generic graphs as linear combinations of their canonical series. We evaluate several Feynman integrals with arbitrary non-integer powers in the propagators using the canonical series algorithm.
Shrinking of operators in quantum error correction and AdS/CFT
Authors: Hirai Hayato
Published: December 2019

Abstract

We first show that a class of operators acting on a given bipartite pure state on ℋ
A
⊗ ℋ
B
can shrink its supports on ℋ
A
⊗ ℋ
B
to only ℋ
A
or ℋ
B
while keeping its mappings. Using this result, we show how to systematically construct the decoders of the quantum error-correcting codes against erasure errors. The implications of the results for the operator dictionary in the AdS/CFT correspondence are also discussed. The “sub- algebra code with complementary recovery” introduced in the recent work of Harlow is a quantum error-correcting code that shares many common features with the AdS/CFT correspondence. We consider it under the restriction of the bulk (logical) Hilbert space to a subspace that generally has no tensor factorization into subsystems. In this code, the central operators of the reconstructed algebra on the boundary subregion can emerge as a consequence of the restriction of the bulk Hilbert space. Finally, we show a theorem in this code which implies the validity of not only the entanglement wedge reconstruction but also its converse statement with the central operators.
Momentum mappings for subtractions at higher orders in QCD
Authors: Del Duca Vittorio , Deutschmann Nicolas , Lionetti Simone
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Subtraction schemes provide a systematic way to compute fully-differential cross sections beyond the leading order in the strong coupling constant. These methods make singular real-emission corrections integrable in phase space by the addition of suitable counterterms. Such counterterms may be defined using momentum mappings, which are parametrisations of the phase space that factorise the variables that describe the particles becoming unresolved in some infrared or collinear limit from the variables that describe an on-shell phase space for the resolved particles. In this work, we review existing momentum mappings in a unified framework and introduce new ones for final-collinear and soft counterterms. The new mappings work in the presence of massive particles and with an arbitrary number of soft particles or of clusters of collinear particles, making them fit for subtraction methods at any order in perturbation theory. The new mapping for final-collinear counterterms is also used to elucidate relations among existing final-collinear mappings.
Salvianolic acid B protects against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats via inhibiting high mobility group box 1 protein expression through the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway
Authors: Liu Hanqing , Liu Wei , Qiu Huiliang , Zou Dezhi , Cai Huayang , Chen Qiuxiong , Zheng Chaoyang , Xu Danping
Published: December 2019

Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) has a significant protective effect on myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the effects of Sal B on myocardial ischaemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and to explore whether its underlying mechanism of cardioprotection occurs through activating the expression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein, kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and inhibiting the expression of high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1). Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups: group 1 (sham-operated), group 2 (myocardial I/R), group 3 (low dose of Sal B+I/R), group 4 (high dose of Sal B+I/R), and group 5 (high dose of Sal B+I/R+LY294002, which is a specific PI3k inhibitor). All I/R rats received 30 min myocardial ischaemia followed by 24-h reperfusion. Cardiac function, infarct size, myocardial injury marker levels, inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte apoptosis as well as Bcl-2, Bax, P-Akt, HMGB1 and TLR4 expression were measured. In the current study, Sal B significantly ameliorated myocardial I/R injury in a dose-dependent manner, ameliorated cardiac function, reduced myocardial infarction size, decreased myocardial injury marker expression, decreased inflammatory responses, reduced apoptosis, activated PI3K/Akt expression and inhibited HMGB1 expression. However, all effects of Sal B were significantly reversed by LY294002. Overall, the present study indicated that Sal B attenuated myocardial I/R injury by activating PI3K/Akt and inhibiting the release of HMGB1 in rats.
cGMP: a unique 2nd messenger molecule – recent developments in cGMP research and development
Authors: Friebe Andreas , Sandner Peter , Schmidtko Achim
Published: December 2019

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a unique second messenger molecule formed in different cell types and tissues. cGMP targets a variety of downstream effector molecules and, thus, elicits a very broad variety of cellular effects. Its production is triggered by stimulation of either soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) or particulate guanylyl cyclase (pGC); both enzymes exist in different isoforms. cGMP-induced effects are regulated by endogenous receptor ligands such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Depending on the distribution of sGC and pGC and the formation of ligands, this pathway regulates not only the cardiovascular system but also the kidney, lung, liver, and brain function; in addition, the cGMP pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, inflammation, or neurodegeneration and may also play a role in infectious diseases such as malaria. Moreover, new pharmacological approaches are being developed which target sGC- and pGC-dependent pathways for the treatment of various diseases. Therefore, it is of key interest to understand this pathway from scratch, beginning with the molecular basis of cGMP generation, the structure and function of both guanylyl cyclases and cGMP downstream targets; research efforts also focus on the subsequent signaling cascades, their potential crosstalk, and also the translational and, ultimately, the clinical implications of cGMP modulation. This review tries to summarize the contributions to the “9th International cGMP Conference on cGMP Generators, Effectors and Therapeutic Implications” held in Mainz in 2019. Presented data will be discussed and extended also in light of recent landmark findings and ongoing activities in the field of preclinical and clinical cGMP research.
Infiltration Depth is the Most Relevant Risk Factor for Overall Metastases in Early Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Oetzmann von Sochaczewski Christina , Haist Thomas , Pauthner Michael , Mann Markus , Braun Susanne , Ell Christian , Lorenz Dietmar
Published: December 2019

Background

Research in early esophageal adenocarcinoma focused on prediction of lymph node metastases in order to stratify patients for endoscopic treatment instead of esophagectomy. Although distant metastases were described in rates of up to 13% of patients within a follow‐up of 3 years, their prediction has been neglected so far.

Methods

In a secondary analysis, a cohort of 217 patients (53 T1a and 164 T1b) treated by esophagectomy was analyzed for histopathological risk factors. Their ability to predict the combination of lymph node metastases at surgery as well as metachronous locoregional and distant metastases (overall metastatic rate) was assessed by uni‐ and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

Tumor invasion depth was correlated with both lymph node metastases at surgery (τ = 0.141; P = .012), tumor recurrences (τ = 0.152; P = .014), and distant metastases (τ = 0.122; P = 0.04). Multivariate analysis showed an odds ratio of 1.31 (95% CI 1.02–1.67; P = .033) per increasing tumor invasion depth and of 3.5 (95% CI 1.70–6.56; P < .001) for lymphovascular invasion. The pre‐planned subgroup analysis in T1b tumors demonstrated an even lower predictive ability of lymphovascular invasion with an odds ratio of 2.5 (95% CI 1.11–5.65; P = 0.028), whereas the predictive effect of sm2 (odds ratio 3.44; 95% CI 1.00–11.9; P = 0.049) and sm3 (odds ratio 3.44; 95% CI 1.00–11.9; P = 0.049) tumor invasion depth was similar.

Conclusions

The present report demonstrates the insufficient risk prediction of histopathologic risk factors for the overall metastatic rate.
Southern-Hemisphere high-latitude stratospheric warming revisit
Authors: Xia Yan , Xu Weixuan , Hu Yongyun , Xie Fei
Published: December 2019

Previous studies showed significant stratospheric warming at the Southern-Hemisphere (SH) high latitudes in September and October over 1979–2006. The warming trend center was located over the Southern Ocean poleward of the Western Pacific in September, with a maximum trend of about 2.8 K/decade. The warming trends in October showed a dipole pattern, with the warming center over the Ross and Amundsen Sea, and the maximum warming trend is about 2.6 K/decade. In the present study, we revisit the problem of the SH stratospheric warming in the recent decade. It is found that the SH high-latitude stratosphere continued warming in September and October over 2007–2017, but with very different spatial patterns. Multiple linear regression demonstrates that ozone increases play an important role in the SH high-latitude stratospheric warming in September and November, while the changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation contributes little to the warming. This is different from the situation over 1979–2006 when the SH high-latitude stratospheric warming was mainly caused by the strengthening of the Brewer-Dobson circulation and the eastward shift of the warming center. Simulations forced with observed ozone changes over 2007–2017 shows warming trends, suggesting that the observed warming trends over 2007–2017 are at least partly due to ozone recovery. The warming trends due to ozone recovery have important implications for stratospheric, tropospheric and surface climates on SH.
PrP is a central player in toxicity mediated by soluble aggregates of neurodegeneration-causing proteins
Authors: Corbett Grant T. , Wang Zemin , Hong Wei , Colom-Cadena Marti , Rose Jamie , Liao Meichen , Asfaw Adhana , Hall Tia C. , Ding Lai , DeSousa Alexandra , Frosch Matthew P. , Collinge John , Harris David A. , Perkinton Michael S. , Spires-Jones Tara L. , Young-Pearse Tracy L. , Billinton Andrew , Walsh Dominic M.
Published: December 2019

Neurodegenerative diseases are an enormous public health problem, affecting tens of millions of people worldwide. Nearly all of these diseases are characterized by oligomerization and fibrillization of neuronal proteins, and there is great interest in therapeutic targeting of these aggregates. Here, we show that soluble aggregates of α-synuclein and tau bind to plate-immobilized PrP in vitro and on mouse cortical neurons, and that this binding requires at least one of the same N-terminal sites at which soluble Aβ aggregates bind. Moreover, soluble aggregates of tau, α-synuclein and Aβ cause both functional (impairment of LTP) and structural (neuritic dystrophy) compromise and these deficits are absent when PrP is ablated, knocked-down, or when neurons are pre-treated with anti-PrP blocking antibodies. Using an all-human experimental paradigm involving: (1) isogenic iPSC-derived neurons expressing or lackingPRNP, and (2) aqueous extracts from brains of individuals who died with Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Pick’s disease, we demonstrate that Aβ, α-synuclein and tau are toxic to neurons in a manner that requires PrPC. These results indicate that PrP is likely to play an important role in a variety of late-life neurodegenerative diseases and that therapeutic targeting of PrP, rather than individual disease proteins, may have more benefit for conditions which involve the aggregation of more than one protein.
Somatosensory changes in Chinese patients after coronectomy vs. total extraction of mandibular third molar: a prospective study
Authors: Yan Zi-Yu , Yan Xiao-Yan , Guo Chuan-Bin , Xie Qiu-Fei , Yang Guang-Ju , Cui Nian-Hui
Published: December 2019

Objectives

This study aimed to quantitatively compare the somatosensory function changes of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) after mandibular third molar extraction with a surgery protocol of coronectomy, as opposed to the conventional method.

Materials and methods

Patients with a lower third molar directly contacting IAN were recruited and assigned either to a test group (coronectomy group) or a control group (conventional extraction). A standardized quantitative sensory testing (QST) battery was performed for four times: one week before surgery and the second, seventh, and 28th days after surgery. Z-scores and the loss/gain coding system were applied for each participant.

Results

A total of 140 molars (test group: n = 91, control group: n = 49) were enrolled. The sensitivity of the mechanical detection threshold (MDT) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) significantly increased after surgery more than before surgery in both groups (P ≤ 0.001). After the surgery, the sensitivities of the cold detection threshold (CDT), cold pain threshold (CPT), and heat pain threshold (HPT) were significantly higher in the test group than in the control group (P ≤ 0.027). The risk of IANI was significantly larger (P = 0.041) in the test group than in the control group.

Conclusions

QST was a sensitive way to detect somatosensory abnormalities even with no subjective complaint caused by surgery. Coronectomy had less influence on IAN function than conventional total extraction.

Clinical relevance

The somatosensory function changes after mandibular third molar extraction were quantitatively studied, and coronectomy was proved a reliable alternation to reduce IAN injury rate.
Challenges in passenger use of mixed reality headsets in cars and other transportation
Authors: McGill Mark , Williamson Julie , Ng Alexander , Pollick Frank , Brewster Stephen
Published: December 2019

This paper examines key challenges in supporting passenger use of augmented and virtual reality headsets in transit. These headsets will allow passengers to break free from the restraints of physical displays placed in constrained environments such as cars, trains and planes. Moreover, they have the potential to allow passengers to make better use of their time by making travel more productive and enjoyable, supporting both privacy and immersion. However, there are significant barriers to headset usage by passengers in transit contexts. These barriers range from impediments that would entirely prevent safe usage and function (e.g. motion sickness) to those that might impair their adoption (e.g. social acceptability). We identify the key challenges that need to be overcome and discuss the necessary resolutions and research required to facilitate adoption and realize the potential advantages of using mixed reality headsets in transit.
High-resolution modelling of a coastal harbour in the presence of strong tides and significant river runoff
Authors: Paquin Jean-Philippe , Lu Youyu , Taylor Stephanne , Blanken Hauke , Marcotte Guillaume , Hu Xianmin , Zhai Li , Higginson Simon , Nudds Shannon , Chanut Jérôme , Smith Gregory C. , Bernier Natacha , Dupont Frédéric
Published: December 2019

In the context of Canada’s Ocean Protection Plan (OPP), improved coastal and near-shore modelling is needed to enhance marine safety and emergency response capacity in the aquatic environment. In this study, the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) is adopted to develop an ocean forecasting system for Saint John harbour in the Bay of Fundy, on the east coast of Canada. The challenging regional oceanography is characterized by the presence of some of the world’s strongest tides, significant river runoff and complicated geometry. A three-level one-way nesting approach is used to downscale from a 1/12° North Atlantic-Arctic regional model to very-high-resolution port-scale around Saint John harbour. The three nested grids cover the outer shelf, the Bay of Fundy and finally the approach to the harbour with resolutions of 2.5 km, 500 m and 100 m respectively. Due to the lack of accurate runoff data at the Saint John River outlet, the model’s lateral open boundary condition is modified to introduce the river forcing with the observed time series of water level near the mouth of the river. Evaluation with observational data demonstrates the model’s accuracy for the simulation of tidal elevation and currents, non-tidal water level and currents, temperature and salinity. Comparison with the observed sea surface temperature demonstrates the improved model accuracy through increasing the horizontal resolution. Virtual Lagrangian trajectories computed using the modelled surface currents and including wind effects show good agreement with the observed trajectories of different types of surface drifters. This study demonstrates the capability of the NEMO modelling framework to provide very-high-resolution modelling at port-scale resolution for the Saint John harbour.
Selecting fault revealing mutants
Authors: Titcheu Chekam Thierry , Papadakis Mike , Bissyandé Tegawendé F. , Le Traon Yves , Sen Koushik
Published: December 2019

Mutant selection refers to the problem of choosing, among a large number of mutants, the (few) ones that should be used by the testers. In view of this, we investigate the problem of selecting the fault revealing mutants, i.e., the mutants that are killable and lead to test cases that uncover unknown program faults. We formulate two variants of this problem: the fault revealing mutant selection and the fault revealing mutant prioritization. We argue and show that these problems can be tackled through a set of ‘static’ program features and propose a machine learning approach, named FaRM, that learns to select and rank killable and fault revealing mutants. Experimental results involving 1,692 real faults show the practical benefits of our approach in both examined problems. Our results show that FaRM achieves a good trade-off between application cost and effectiveness (measured in terms of faults revealed). We also show that FaRM outperforms all the existing mutant selection methods, i.e., the random mutant sampling, the selective mutation and defect prediction (mutating the code areas pointed by defect prediction). In particular, our results show that with respect to mutant selection, our approach reveals 23% to 34% more faults than any of the baseline methods, while, with respect to mutant prioritization, it achieves higher average percentage of revealed faults with a median difference between 4% and 9% (from the random mutant orderings).