bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tree selection and use by the polyphagous xylophage Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Canada
Authors: Turgeon Jean J. , Smith Michael T. , Pedlar John H. , Fournier Ronald E. , Orr Mary , Gasman Ben
Published: December 2021

Two breeding populations of the non-native Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), a pest of broadleaf trees in its native China, were discovered in Ontario in 2003 and 2013, respectively. Both populations were eradicated by removing all trees injured by the beetle and all uninjured trees deemed at high risk of injury. We used data collected during this removal to study host selection. Signs of A. glabripennis injury were observed on 732 stems from seven (i.e., Acer, Salix, Populus, Betula, Ulmus, Fraxinus, and Tilia) of the 45 tree genera available. Complete beetle development was confirmed on only the first four of these seven genera. Most signs of injury were on the genus Acer and on trees with a diameter at 130 cm above ground ranging between 15 and 40 cm. On most trees, the lowest sign of injury was within 3 m of the ground or within 40% of tree height. Tree height explained 63% of the variance in the location of the lowest sign of injury. Initial attacks were typically near the middle of the tree and expanded both upward and downward with successive attacks over time. We discuss how these findings could improve survey efforts for A. glabripennis.
On octonion quark confinement condition
Authors: Chanyal B. C.
Published: December 2021

The octonion algebra is analyzed using a formalism that demonstrates its use in color quark confinement. In this study, we attempt to write a connection between octonion algebra and SU(3)[Formula: see text] group generators, as well as color quarks representation. We demonstrated the glueballs construction in the extended octonionic color field and also proposed the prerequisite for octonion color confinement of hadrons.
Scalarons mimicking dark matter in the Hu–Sawicki model of f(R ) gravity
Authors: Parbin Nashiba , Goswami Umananda Dev
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we conduct a study on the scalar field obtained from [Formula: see text] gravity via Weyl transformation of the spacetime metric [Formula: see text] from the Jordan frame to the Einstein frame. The scalar field is obtained as a result of the modification in the geometrical part of Einstein’s field equation of General Relativity. For the Hu–Sawicki model of [Formula: see text] gravity, we find the effective potential of the scalar field and calculate its mass. Our study shows that the scalar field (also named as scalaron) obtained from this model has the chameleonic property, i.e. the scalaron becomes light in the low-density region, while it becomes heavy in the high-density region of matter. Then it is found that the scalaron can be regarded as a dark matter (DM) candidate since the scalaron mass is found to be quite close to the mass of ultralight axions, a prime DM candidate. Thus, the scalaron in the Hu–Sawicki model of [Formula: see text] gravity behaves as DM. Further, a study on the evolution of the scalaron mass with the redshift is also carried out, which depicts that scalaron becomes light with expansion of the Universe and with different rates at different stages of the Universe.
An efficient routing strategy for coupled spatial networks
Authors: Jing Xing-Li , Hu Mao-Bin , Shi Cong-Ling , Ling Xiang
Published: December 2021

The study of traffic dynamics on couple networks is important for the design and management of many real systems. In this paper, an efficient routing strategy on coupled spatial networks is proposed, considering both traffic characteristics and network topology information. With the routing strategy, the traffic capacity can be greatly improved in both scenarios of identical and heterogeneous node capacity allocation. Heterogeneous allocation strategy of node delivery capacity performs better than identical capacity allocation strategy. The study can help to improve the performance of real-world multi-modal traffic systems.
The observation of high-energy neutrinos from the cosmos: Lessons learned for multimessenger astronomy
Authors: Halzen Francis
Published: December 2021

The IceCube neutrino telescope discovered PeV-energy neutrinos originating beyond our Galaxy with an energy flux that is comparable to that of GeV-energy gamma rays and EeV-energy cosmic rays. These neutrinos provide the only unobstructed view of the cosmic accelerators that power the highest energy radiation reaching us from the universe. We will review the results from IceCube’s first decade of operations, emphasizing the measurement of the diffuse multiflavored neutrino flux from the universe and the identification of the supermassive black hole TXS [Formula: see text] as a source of cosmic neutrinos and, therefore, cosmic rays. We will speculate on the lessons learned for multimessenger astronomy, among them that extragalactic neutrino sources may be a relatively small subset of the cosmic accelerators observed in high-energy gamma rays and that these may be gamma-ray-obscured at the times that they emit neutrinos.
CONTEXTUALIZING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS: ECONOMIC DYNAMISM AND CULTURE IN MULTILAYERED RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: LIN XIAOHUA , KOÇAK AKIN , CARSRUD ALAN
Published: December 2021

We examine how economic dynamism, along with the cultural orientation of individualism vs. collectivism shape the multilayered relationships between perceptual variables—self efficacy, attitude, social capital and perceived opportunities—and entrepreneurial intentions (EI). For the first time, we introduce economic dynamism as a national context variable for EI. We also join a group of entrepreneurship scholars to apply a multilayered approach to account for the multiple interactions among individual and contextual variables. We test our hypotheses using country-level aggregates of GEM data. For comparison purposes, we consider four nations differentiated along the dimensions of economic dynamism and the cultural trait of individualism vs. collectivism, namely, China, Italy, Japan and the United States. The results show that self-efficacy predicts EI across all four nations; the interactive effects between perceived opportunities and attitude and between social capital and attitude are contingent upon national contexts in terms of economic dynamism and individualism vs. collectivism. Although economic development long has been a popular contextual variable in the study of EI, there remains a lack of empirical support. One reason is economic development assumes a stable state, when in fact changes in an economy may be more critical in impacting entrepreneurial intentions. In the current study, we replace economic development with that of economic dynamism. Future research needs to refine the construct and develop a measure of it.
Numerical simulation of thermal behavior in a naturally ventilated greenhouse
Authors: Slatni Yassine , Djezzar Mahfoud , Messai Tarek , Brahim Mahfoud
Published: December 2021

Inside a greenhouse, during the day, the temperature rises very quickly, while the plants have to face temperatures that rise to more than 35[Formula: see text]C. The plant closes its pores to limit sweating and stops growing. As soon as it gets hot, it is therefore necessary to ventilate the greenhouse. In this context, this research aims to investigate the behavior of the natural ventilation on the internal climate of the tunnel greenhouse, which contains two openings in the roof. The effect of the position of the openings on heat transfer is considered, thus promoting photosynthesis and plant growth. The vorticity transport equation, the Poisson equation and the energy equation are discretized by using the finite volume method. Two-dimensional simulations that described laminar flows in a steady state were carried out. Flows are studied for a range of parameters: the Rayleigh number, Ra, [Formula: see text], and three positions of opening ventilation. The results reveal that the ventilation through the top opening position allows the best creation of heat exchanges between the air inside the greenhouse and its atmosphere, which serves to conserve the plant under a favorable climate that allows its growth.
Thermal residual stresses in thermoplastic CFRP-steel laminates: Modification and influence on fatigue life
Authors: Hausmann Joachim , Schmidt Stefan
Published: December 2021

Thermal residual stresses (TRS) in hybrid materials and structures occur by the mismatch of thermal expansion of different materials. Especially when combining metals with carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP), a significant level of internal stresses can be reached. High processing temperatures and high stiffness of the constituents are also responsible for high stress levels. Laminates of thermoplastic CFRP (unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6) and stainless steel foils are a suitable material system to examine the TRS in detail. Since TRSs in the steel fraction are of tensile nature, these superpose to externally applied loads, resulting in higher efforts for the material and thus reduced lifetimes under cyclic fatigue loading. Therefore, a reduction of TRS is desired. Two methods for TRS reduction were applied, and its influence on fatigue lifetime was investigated. Firstly, specimens were stretched by a preloading to reduce TRS by yielding of the metal. Secondly, non-symmetric laminates were gradually cooled down after consolidation to compensate TRS formation by non-symmetric shrinkage. While preloading of materials and structures is known for TRS modification, the gradually cooling is not established, yet. Both modification principles were numerically investigated before experimental validation. A significant increase of lifetime was reached by TRS reduction.
Black-Box Diagnosis and Calibration on GAN Intra-Mode Collapse: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wu Zhenyu , Wang Zhaowen , Yuan Ye , Zhang Jianming , Wang Zhangyang , Jin Hailin
Published: December 2021

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) nowadays are capable of producing images of incredible realism. Two concerns raised are whether the state-of-the-art GAN’s learned distribution still suffers from mode collapse and what to do if so. Existing diversity tests of samples from GANs are usually conducted qualitatively on a small scale and/or depend on the access to original training data as well as the trained model parameters. This article explores GAN
intra-mode collapse
and calibrates that in a novel
black-box
setting: access to neither training data nor the trained model parameters is assumed. The new setting is practically demanded yet rarely explored and significantly more challenging. As a first stab, we devise a set of statistical tools based on sampling that can visualize, quantify, and rectify
intra-mode collapse
. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed diagnosis and calibration techniques, via extensive simulations and experiments, on unconditional GAN image generation (e.g., face and vehicle). Our study reveals that the
intra-mode collapse
is still a prevailing problem in state-of-the-art GANs and the mode collapse is diagnosable and calibratable in
black-box
settings. Our codes are available at
https://github.com/VITA-Group/BlackBoxGANCollapse
.
Introduction to the Special Issue on First-Person Methods in HCI
Authors: Desjardins Audrey , Tomico Oscar , Lucero Andrés , Cecchinato Marta E. , Neustaedter Carman
Published: December 2021

In this introduction to the special issue on First-Person Methods in (Human-Computer Interaction) HCI, we present a brief overview of first-person methods, their origin, and their use in Human-Computer Interaction. We also detail the difference between first-person methods, second-person, and third-person methods, as a way to guide the reader when engaging the special issue articles. We articulate our motivation for putting together this special issue: we wanted a collection of works that would allow HCI researchers to develop further, define, and outline practices, techniques and implications of first-person methods. We trace links between the articles in this special issue and conclude with questions and directions for future work in this methodological space: working with boundaries, risk, and accountability.
Qualitative Research Methods in Chronic Disease: Introduction and Opportunities to Promote Health Equity
Authors: Shelton Rachel C. , Philbin Morgan M. , Ramanadhan Shoba
Published: December 2021

Public health research that addresses chronic disease has historically underutilized and undervalued qualitative methods. This has limited the field's ability to advance ( a) a more in-depth understanding of the factors and processes that shape health behaviors, ( b) contextualized explanations of interventions’ impacts (e.g., why and how something did or did not work for recipients and systems), and ( c) opportunities for building and testing theories. We introduce frameworks and methodological approaches common to qualitative research, discuss how and when to apply them in order to advance health equity, and highlight relevant strengths and challenges. We provide an overview of data collection, sampling, and analysis for qualitative research, and we describe research questions that can be addressed by applying qualitative methods across the continuum of chronic disease research. Finally, we offer recommendations to promote the strategic application of rigorous qualitative methods, with an emphasis on priority areas to enhance health equity across the evidence generation continuum.
Personal Interventions to Reduce Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution
Authors: Laumbach Robert J. , Cromar Kevin R.
Published: December 2021

Unhealthy levels of air pollution are breathed by billions of people worldwide, and air pollution is the leading environmental cause of death and disability globally. Efforts to reduce air pollution at its many sources have had limited success, and in many areas of the world, poor air quality continues to worsen. Personal interventions to reduce exposure to air pollution include avoiding sources, staying indoors, filtering indoor air, using face masks, and limiting physical activity when and where air pollution levels are elevated. The effectiveness of these interventions varies widely with circumstances and conditions of use. Compared with upstream reduction or control of emissions, personal interventions place burdens and risk of adverse unintended consequences on individuals. We review evidence regarding the balance of benefits and potential harms of personal interventions for reducing exposure to outdoor air pollution, which merit careful consideration before making public health recommendations with regard to who should use personal interventions and where, when, and how they should be used.
Shear stress induced by acute heat exposure is not obligatory to protect against endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury in humans
Authors: Hemingway Holden W. , Richey Rauchelle E. , Moore Amy M. , Shokraeifard Austin M. , Thomas Gabriel C. , Olivencia-Yurvati Albert H. , Romero Steven A.
Published: December 2021

Acute heat exposure protects against endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury in humans. However, the mechanism/s mediating this protective effect remain unclear. We utilized arterial compression to inhibit the temperature-dependent increase in brachial artery blood velocity that occurs during acute heat exposure to isolate the contribution of shear stress to the protection of endothelial function following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Our findings demonstrate that shear stress induced by acute heat exposure is not obligatory to protect against endothelial I/R injury.
Progress on the Experimental Research of Sciatic Nerve Injury with Acupuncture
Authors: Wang Hui , Cui Jingjing , Zhao Shitong , Xu Dongsheng , Wu Shuang , Bai Wanzhu , Wang Jia
Published: December 2021

Objective. To collect and summarize relevant literatures on the experimental researches of sciatic nerve injury (SNI) with acupuncture during the last decade providing a guideline for effectively treating SNI with acupuncture in the future. Methods. The Chinese and English databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (WanFang Data), VIP Information Chinese Journal Service Platform (VIP Date), and PubMed were searched from 2009 to 2020 with keywords of “acupuncture and moxibustion OR acupuncture OR electroacupuncture OR scalp acupuncture OR wrist-ankle acupuncture OR acupoint injection OR ear acupuncture” AND “sciatic nerve OR sciatic nerve injury OR sciatic injury OR SNI.” The collected data were mainly evaluated in the items of animal model of SNI, type of interventions, selection of acupuncture points (acupoints), course of treatment and its frequency, and approaches of assessment. Results. A total of 89 studies were included in this analysis. Among them, the most commonly used animal models of SNI were produced by the clamp or transverse injury in the rats; the most frequently used intervention was electroacupuncture with dilatational wave of 2/100 Hz; the frequency of acupuncture was mainly performed once per day lasting for more than 2 weeks; the mainly selected acupoints were Huantiao (GB30), Zusanli (ST36), and Yanglingquan (GB34); and the approaches of assessment were contained with behavioral, functional, morphological, histological, cellular, and molecular measurements. Conclusion. The results indicated that the experimental researches of SNI with acupuncture has made marked progress in recent years, which may provide important clues for further investigating the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture for the treatment of SNI in the future.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Dynamic Properties and Human‐Induced Vibrations of an Asymmetric Steel‐Plated Stress‐Ribbon Footbridge
Authors: Zhang Yi , He Wei , Zhang Jiewen , Dong Hua
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a comprehensive study on dynamic properties and human‐induced vibrations of a slender asymmetric steel‐plated stress‐ribbon footbridge via both experimental and analytical methods. Bridge modal test was conducted using both ambient vibration testing and impact methods. Modal properties of the bridge were identified based on stochastic subspace identification and peak‐pick techniques. Results show that the bridge is characterized by closely spaced modes with low natural frequencies and small damping ratios (<0.002). A sophisticated finite element model that incorporates pretension of the stress ribbon and contribution of deck panels is developed and proven to be capable of reflecting the main dynamic characteristics of the bridge. Human‐induced vibrations were measured considering synchronization cases, including single‐person and small group walking as well as random walking cases. A theoretical model that takes into account human‐structure interaction was developed, treating the single walking person as an SDOF system with biomechanical excited force. The validity of the model was further verified by measurement results.
The Impact of Rural Livelihood Diversification on Household Poverty: Evidence from Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Tsehaynesh , Chalchisa Tamiru , Eneyew Adugna
Published: December 2021

In Ethiopia, agriculture is the principal source of food and livelihood for many rural households, making it a central component of programs that seek to reduce poverty and achieve food security. Since the sector is faced with many challenges, rural households are compelled to develop strategies through diversification to cope with the increasing vulnerability associated with agricultural production. As a result, the purpose of this research is to assess the impact of livelihood diversification on household poverty in the Jimma zone of Ethiopia’s Oromia regional state. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 385 sample household heads. The study utilized data obtained from a cross-sectional survey using an interview schedule, focus group discussion, key informant interview, and personal observations. Both descriptive and econometric data analysis techniques were applied. The result of the FGT poverty measure revealed that the incidence of poverty among rural households was 37.14%, implying that 62.86% were non-poor. The descriptive statistics revealed that age of household, dependency ratio, year of schooling, sex of household, livestock ownership, landholding, non-farm income, market distance, and extension contact were found to have a significant influence on the poverty status of a household at different probability levels. Based on the cost of basic needs approach, it was applied to measure poverty status. The results of the logit model indicate that family size, landholding, livestock ownership, year of schooling, access to credit services, and off-farm income of the households were found to have significantly determined livelihood diversification. Moreover, the results of the propensity score matching indicate that household participation in livelihood diversification has a positive and significant impact on household poverty. Accordingly, households with diversified livelihoods were found to be 9% better off than those that were not diversified in terms of poverty. Policies aimed at increasing the income generation ability of the household should be strongly considered. Therefore, to ensure the capacity of rural households to practice farming along with a wide range of income-generating activities to improve the well-being of the rural poor and have a significant impact on poverty reduction, participating in livelihood diversification should be given emphasis in development planning.
The Main Patterns in the Trend Change of Stomach Cancer Incidence amongst Selected African Countries
Authors: Shokouhi Fahimeh , Amiripour Aida , Raeisi Shahraki Hadi
Published: December 2021

Aim. The current study aimed to investigate the trend changes of stomach cancer incidence amongst African countries and identify the main patterns. Methods. The annual reports of stomach cancer incidence rate (per 100,000 people) for males and females in 53 African countries from 1990 to 2016 were maintained from the World Health Organization archive. The growth mixture model was used for fitting the models in Mplus 7.4. The estimated linear trend in each pattern was characterized by intercept (the rate at 1990) and slope (the observed biennial trend changes), and finally, each country was grouped into a cluster with the most similar pattern. Results. Three main patterns for males and two main patterns for females were determined. For males, the first cluster, containing Cape Verde, Central African Republic, and Mauritius, showed a sharp fall, while countries in the second pattern including Algeria, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Gambia, Libya, Malawi, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, and Tunisia were categorized in a pattern with a slight decrease, and other 43 countries were in the third pattern with a moderate falling trend. For females, 19 countries including Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Congo Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Mali, Mauritius, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe were categorized in the moderate-to-high falling pattern, but the other 34 countries had a gentle downward pattern. Conclusion. Although most of the observed trends of stomach cancer were falling, only a few countries had experienced a favorable decreasing trend (three countries in male incidence and nineteen countries in female incidence). Therefore, taking effective actions to accelerate the observed falling trends seems necessary.
Exploring Key Competencies and Professional Development of Music Teachers in Primary Schools in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zhao Xian , Guo Zhenjie , Liu Shanqin
Published: December 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced new era elements to the connotation of key competencies and professional development of music teachers in primary schools. The education management department in the AI era has flawed systems for the professional development of music teachers in primary schools. To assist music teachers in primary schools fulfill the development needs of the development of the times and enhance the quality of music education in primary schools, the status and income of music teachers in primary schools warrant improvement, and the system should be upgraded to promote the implementation of key competencies. Moreover, the related system construction of music teachers in primary schools should be reinforced by rationally arranging teachers, workload and creating a teacher learning community, in order to guide schools to provide a suitable environment for teachers, key competencies and professional development. Furthermore, methods like strengthening teachers, awareness of independent development and augmenting professional identity should be adopted to prompt teachers to comprehensively enhance their key competencies and professional development.
Effect of Luminance and Contrast Variation on Stereoacuity Measurements Using Smartphone Technology
Authors: Liu Lu , Xu Lingxian , Wang Junyue , Wu Huang
Published: December 2021

Owing to the limitations of printed stereoacuity tests, the effects of luminance and contrast on stereopsis have not yet been sufficiently investigated, despite its important implications in designing stereoacuity measuring instruments, particularly for electronic devices. A stereopsis measurement system was established using two 4 K smartphones and a phoropter to evaluate the effects of luminance and contrast variations on the stereoacuity test. Seventeen young subjects with normal visual acuity and stereopsis were recruited. Two types of test symbols, contour-based and random-dot-based, were used in the experiment. Four series tests were established with different maximum brightness values, including 240 lux, 120 lux, 60 lux, and 30 lux. Each series test contained 19 pages with different contrasts between 95% and 5% and was calculated using the Michelson contrast formula. No significant difference was found for both contour-based and random-dot-based stereograms in any of the contrast groups with different maximum brightness. Similarly, no significant difference was found between contour-based and random-dot-based patterns under different contrasts of above 35%. As the contrast decreased below 30%, the stereopsis was significantly better in the contour-based pattern than in the random-dot-based pattern for some degrees of contrast. The luminance and contrast of the digital display are not critical factors for stereoacuity under normal circumstances. This implies that a standard monitor with a certain 3D technology can be used to measure the stereoacuity threshold without calibrating the luminance and contrast.
Effect of Preservation Methods on Physicochemical Quality, Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Stevia Leaves
Authors: Hidar Nadia , Noufid Abdelhamid , Mourjan Ayoub , El Adnany El Mustapha , Mghazli Safa , Mouhib Mohammed , Jaouad Abderrahim , Mahrouz Mostafa
Published: December 2021

The effect of freeze-drying and gamma irradiation at 0.5, 1, and 2 kGy on the physicochemical composition (moisture, fat, ash, mineral, and chlorophyll contents), microstructure, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity of stevia leaves was investigated in the present study. The results obtained indicated that freeze-drying and gamma irradiation treatments caused significant reduction (

p

 ≤ 0.05) of moisture and fat contents in comparison with those of commercial leaves, while ash content was not significantly affected. Mineral composition was analysed. Among the analysed elements, potassium and iron levels were higher in the freeze-dried and irradiated samples, respectively. The microstructure was analysed using a scanning electron microscope. Micrographs revealed that a higher porous size structure was obtained by freeze-drying, and degradation of cell wall structure was more clearly visualized by irradiation at 2 kGy. However, the main functional groups were stable as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The effects on chlorophyll content, phenolic profile, and antioxidant properties were evaluated before and after ten months of storage. In terms of chlorophyll contents, the freeze-dried leaves exhibited the highest content. Chlorophylls a and b decreased when storage progressed for freeze-dried leaves as well as for gamma-irradiated leaves. Both preservation methods gave significant advantages in increasing the total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity. Moreover, a significant increase of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity was observed as the gamma irradiation dose increased. In addition, the storage time increased the amounts of polyphenols and DPPH scavenging activity. After 10 months of storage, gamma-irradiated leaves had the highest total phenolic content as well as the DPPH scavenging activity followed by freeze-dried leaves. The results indicate that freeze-drying and gamma irradiation at the studied doses could be effective postharvest methods for preservation of stevia leaf quality.
Multimodal Wireless Situational Awareness‐Based Tourism Service Scene
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhu Shuo
Published: December 2021

Community platforms featuring user sharing and self‐expression in social media generate big data on tourism resources, which, if fully utilized in a smart tourism system driven by high‐tech and new technologies, will bring new life to the field of smart tourism research and will play an important role in the development of Internet+ tourism. However, tourism data in social media has the following characteristics: diversity, redundancy, heterogeneity, and intelligence. To address the characteristics of tourism data in social media, this thesis focuses on the following challenges: it is difficult to efficiently obtain tourism visualization information (text and images) in social media; it is difficult to effectively utilize tourism multimodal heterogeneous information; it is difficult to properly retrieve multimedia entity information of tourism attractions; and it is difficult to reasonably construct tourism personalized recommendation models. In this paper, an image search reordering method based on a hybrid feature graph model is proposed to realize the rapid acquisition of high‐quality Internet images from the web using hybrid visual features and graph models, thus providing data security for the analysis of social media‐based tourism images. To address the shortcomings of current search engines for image retrieval, visual information is used to bridge the problem of semantic gap between text‐based search and images. To address the limitation of single visual features, we use latent semantic analysis to fuse multiple visual features to obtain hybrid features, which not only combine multiple single features but also preserve the potential relationship between these features. To address the shortcomings of the reordering methods based on classification and clustering, a reordering framework based on the graph model is used to reorder the images and finally complete the image search reordering based on the hybrid feature graph model. This method can obtain image information in social media with high efficiency and quality and then prepare for the subsequent work of tourism image analysis mining and personalized recommendation.
Atypical Presentation of Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumor (TART) Leading to Bilateral Partial Orchiectomy in a 31-Year-Old Adult Revealing Primary Adrenal Insufficiency with CYP11A1 Deficiency
Authors: Garcia Cyril , Dusaud Marie , Chiron Paul , Sollier Mathilde , Nassouri Sika , Groussin Lionel , Sibony Mathilde , Goursaud Claire , Roucher-Boulez Florence , Bordier Lyse
Published: December 2021

Adrenogenital syndrome is commonly associated with a deficiency in 21-hydroxylase but can be present in other rare enzymatic blocks. We report here the case of a 31-year-old man who presented with bilateral painful testicle lesions leading to bilateral partial orchiectomy as they were suspected for malignancy. These lesions were finally identified as benign testicle adrenal rest tumors (TARTs), and the patient was actually belatedly diagnosed with primary adrenal insufficiency due to 2 mutations of the CYP11A1 gene encoding the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc); the mutations were 940G > A (p.Glu314Lys) and c.1393C > T (p.Arg465Trp). The same mutations were found in his 29-year-old sister, who was then also diagnosed for primary adrenal insufficiency. Deficiency in P450scc is an extremely rare genetic autosomal recessive disorder with around 40 described families in the literature and 30 different mutations. As the diagnosis of delayed onset of P450Scc mutation is difficult, this case illustrates the need for a systematic endocrinological assessment in any case of bilateral testicle lesions, thus avoiding unnecessary surgery.
A Brief Study of Binaural Beat: A Means of Brain-Computer Interfacing
Authors: Abadin A. F. M. Zainul , Imtiaz Ahmed , Ahmed Md. Manik , Dutta Mithun
Published: December 2021

The human brain tends to follow a rhythm. Sound has a significant impact on our physical and mental health. This sound technology uses binaural beat by generating two tones of marginally different frequencies in each individual ear to facilitate the improved focus of attention, emotion, calming, and sensory organization. Binaural beat helps in memory boosting, relaxation, and work performance. Again because of hearing a binaural beat sound, brainwave stimuli can be diagnosed to pick up a person’s sensitive information. Using this technology in brain-computer interfacing, it is possible to establish a communication between the brain and the computer. Thus, it enables us to go beyond our potential. The aim of this study is to assess the impact and explore the potential contribution of binaural beat to enhancement of human brain performance.
Construction and Simulation of Athlete’s Wrong Action Recognition Model in Sports Training Based on Embedded Wireless Communication and Computer Vision
Authors: Gao Naichun
Published: December 2021

Embedded networking has a broad prospect. Because of the Internet and the rapid development of PC skills, computer vision technology has a wide range of applications in many fields, especially the importance of identifying wrong movements in sports training. To study the computer vision technology to identify the wrong movement of athletes in sports training, in this paper, a hidden Markov model based on computer vision technology is constructed to collect video and identify the landing and take‐off movements and badminton serving movements of a team of athletes under the condition of sports training, Bayesian classification algorithm to analyze the acquired sports training action data, obtain the error frequency, and the number of errors of the landing jump action, and the three characteristic data of the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the body’s center of gravity of the athlete in the two cases of successful and incorrect badminton serve actions and compared and analyzed the accuracy of the action recognition method used in this article, the action recognition method based on deep learning and the action recognition method based on EMG signal under 30 experiments. The training process of deep learning is specifically split into two stages: 1st, a monolayer neuron is built layer by layer so that the network is trained one layer at a time; when all layers are fully trained, a tuning is performed using a wake‐sleep operation. The final result shows that the frequency of the wrong actions of the athletes on the landing jump is concentrated in the knee valgus, the total frequency of error has reached 58%, and the frequency of personal error has reached 45%; the problem of the landing distance of the two feet of the team athletes also appeared more frequently, the total frequency reached 50%, and the personal frequency reached 30%. Therefore, athletes should pay more attention to the problems of knee valgus and the distance between feet when performing landing jumps; the difference in the displacement, speed, and acceleration of the body’s center of gravity during the badminton serve will affect the error of the action. And the action recognition method used in this study has certain advantages compared with the other two action recognition methods, and the accuracy of action recognition is higher.
An Unusual Cause of Secondary ITP in a 34-Year-Old Hispanic Male
Authors: Bangolo Ayrton , Ahmed Mohamed , Atoot Ali , Mahmoud Ashraf , Agbakwuru-Onyike Chibuzo , Palad Maria Karina Larni Y. , Sciarra Michael , Atoot Adam
Published: December 2021

Secondary immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been described in the literature. It appears to have a geographic distribution; mostly encountered in countries with a higher prevalence for H. pylori such as Italy or Japan. H. pylori eradication has been recommended in the management of ITP with studies showing improvement in the platelet count in some patients. Substantial platelet count increases in patients with severe thrombocytopenia (platelet counts <30 × 103 microliter), however, are uncommon with H. pylori treatment alone. Here, we present a 34-year-old Hispanic male with worsening chronic thrombocytopenia that resolved following eradication of his H. pylori infection. Herein, we highlight a rare and reversible cause of secondary ITP. With this case report, we hope to encourage physicians to include H. pylori testing in the evaluation of thrombocytopenia.
Low-Dose Collagenase Chemonucleolysis Combined with Radiofrequency in the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation: A 10-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Meng , Zhang Xuexue , Yu Yaoping , Xu Gang , Nie Jinping , Yu Bo , Cao Xuezhong , Qiu Mizhen , Liao Yunhua , Zhang Daying , Yan Yi
Published: December 2021

Objective. This study explored the 10-year efficacy, safety, and prognostic factors of low-dose collagenase chemonucleolysis (CCNL) combined with radiofrequency (RF) in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods. The data of 167 LDH patients were collected. Modified MacNab criteria, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores were, respectively, used to evaluate patients’ excellent and good rates, pain degree, and nerve function. The preoperative and 10-year postoperative patients’ pain, numbness, and muscle weakness were compared. Patients’ complications in perioperative period, recurrent/reappeared LDH, and reoperations were recorded. Finally, the independent risk factors affecting the long-time efficacy were assessed. Results. A total of 126 patients were included. The patients’ excellent and good rates were 86.51%–92.86% with no significant difference

P
>
0.05

. Postoperative NRS and JOA scores significantly improved

P
<
0.01

, most obvious within 6 months postoperatively. At 10 years postoperatively, 65.08%, 83.95%, and 93.02% of patients’ pain, numbness, and muscle weakness were completely relieved

P
<
0.05

. Perioperative complications occurred in three patients with the rate of 2.38%. Recurrent/reappeared LDH patients were 11 with the ratio of 8.73%; nine of them underwent reoperations with the rate of 7.14%. And patients’ probability of fair and poor efficacy at 10 years postoperatively with the course of disease >12 months and the responsibility disc ≥2 were, respectively, 6.005 and 4.227 times that of patients with the course of disease ≤12 months and the responsibility disc = 1

P

<

0.05

. Conclusion. The combined treatment is effective and safe in the long term. A course of disease >12 months and responsibility disc ≥2 independently reduce efficacy, and a course of disease >12 months has a more significant impact.
Selective Fermentation of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus In Vitro: Effects of Chinese Fermented Glutinous Rice on the Growth Promotion of Potential Probiotics
Authors: Ma Wenliang , Ni Xiao , Guo Ying , Zhang Yu , Zhu Chaojie , Li Yinping , Shen Chi , Yuan Biao , Xu Xiao
Published: December 2021

A functional Chinese fermented glutinous rice has been developed with the supplementation of Fu brick tea (CRW-FBT). In this study, we aimed to evaluate its effect on the growth of potential probiotic strains in the Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Weissella genus, compared with traditional Chinese fermented glutinous rice (CRW). The growth profiles of lactic acid bacteria were analyzed based on fermentations in vitro, and the optical densities were recorded at 600 nm during the whole fermentation. Growth curve, maximum OD600 nm, and growth rate were measured and compared among samples with different ratios of CRW-FBT and CRW addition. Through the multiple analysis of growth parameters, we found that all the tested strains obtained better growth results when CRW-FBT was supplemented to the media, compared with the CRW and basic media. The bacterial growth was promoted by exhibiting the shortened lag time, prolonged logarithmic phase and stationary phase, and increased growth rate and cell density, as well as the better performance after 24 h and 48 h fermentation. Besides, short-chain fatty acids and organic acids in CRW-FBT were founded. Our work demonstrated the positive effect of Fu brick tea supplemented in the CRW and illustrated its beneficial role in the food fermentation industry for the purpose of microorganism enrichment and the improvement of microbial metabolism.
IgA-Dominated Humoral Immune Responses Govern Patients' Outcome in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Mandal Gunjan , Biswas Subir , Anadon Carmen M. , Yu Xiaoqing , Gatenbee Chandler D. , Prabhakaran Sandhya , Payne Kyle K. , Chaurio Ricardo A. , Martin Alexandra , Innamarato Patrick , Moran Carlos , Powers John J. , Harro Carly M. , Mine Jessica A. , Sprenger Kimberly B. , Rigolizzo Kristen E. , Wang Xuefeng , Curiel Tyler J. , Rodriguez Paulo C. , Anderson Alexander R. , Saglam Ozlen , Conejo-Garcia Jose R.
Published: December 2021

Recent studies suggest that B cells could play an important role in the tumor microenvironment. However, the role of humoral responses in endometrial cancer remains insufficiently investigated. Using a cohort of 107 patients with different histological subtypes of endometrial carcinoma, we evaluated the role of coordinated humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses in endometrial cancer. Concomitant accumulation of T, B, and plasma cells at tumor beds predicted better survival. However, only B-cell markers corresponded with prolonged survival specifically in high-grade endometrioid type and serous tumors. Immune protection was associated with class-switched IgA and, to a lesser extent, IgG. Expressions of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) by tumor cells and its occupancy by IgA were superior predictors of outcome and correlated with defects in methyl-directed DNA mismatch repair. Mechanistically, pIgR-dependent, antigen-independent IgA occupancy drove activation of inflammatory pathways associated with IFN and TNF signaling in tumor cells, along with apoptotic and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways, while thwarting DNA repair mechanisms. Together, these findings suggest that coordinated humoral and cellular immune responses, characterized by IgA:pIgR interactions in tumor cells, determine the progression of human endometrial cancer as well as the potential for effective immunotherapies.

Significance:

This study provides new insights into the crucial role of humoral immunity in human endometrial cancer, providing a rationale for designing novel immunotherapies against this prevalent malignancy.

See related commentary by Osorio and Zamarin, p. 766
Berberine Protects against Neurological Impairments and Blood-Brain Barrier Injury in Mouse Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Wu Xiuwen , Liu Xiaopeng , Yang Liang , Wang Yuanyu
Published: December 2021

Background: Elevation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) signaling can suppress intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced neurological impairments. As an isoquinoline alkaloid, Berberine exerts neuroprotective effects in neurological disease models with activated AMPK/PGC1α signaling. Aim: We aim to study the effect of Berberine on ICH-induced brain injury and explore the potential molecular mechanism. Methods: ICH model was established in mice through intracerebral injection of autologous whole blood, followed by treatment with Berberine. Neurological impairments were assessed by the modified neurological severity score and behavioral assays. Brain edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity were assessed by water content in the brain, amount of extravasated Evans blue, and BBB tight junction components. Neuroinflammatory responses were assessed by inflammatory cytokine levels. AMPK/PGC1α signaling was examined by AMPK mRNA expression and phosphorylated AMPK and PGC1α protein levels. Results: Berberine (200 mg/kg) attenuated ICH-induced neurological deficits, motor and cognitive impairment, and BBB disruption. Berberine also suppressed ICH-induced inflammatory responses indicated by reduced production of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, Berberine drastically elevated AMPK/PGC1α signaling in the hemisphere of ICH mice. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Berberine plays an important neuroprotective role against ICH-induced neurological impairments and BBB injury, probably by inhibition of inflammation and activation of AMPK/PGC1α signaling.
Intravitreal Injection Is Associated with Increased Posterior Capsule Rupture Risk during Cataract Surgery: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhong Zhe , He Zhenghua , Yu Xi , Zhang Ying
Published: December 2021

Background: Although observational studies have suggested that prior intravitreal therapy may predict posterior capsule rupture (PCR) during cataract surgery, this finding is still controversial. Objective: This study aimed to summarize current evidence on the association between prior intravitreal injection (IVI) and PCR during cataract surgery. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed up to October 27, 2021. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. The potential association between IVI and PCR in future cataract surgeries was assessed using the following two models: “pooling the ORs of PCR in eyes with and without previous IVI(s)” and “pooling the ORs for PCR relative to each increase in the number of prior injections.” The quality of included studies was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Six cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis, with a total of 1,051,097 eyes that underwent cataract surgery. Of these, 7,034 eyes were associated with previous IVI. The pooled odds of PCR in eyes with prior IVI was 2.01 (95% CI: 1.35–3.00) times higher than that of eyes without an IVI history. An increase in the number of previous IVI conferred increased odds of PCR of 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01–1.06). After excluding studies that failed to account for confounders, the significantly increased risk was not altered, and the significant heterogeneity was minimized in both models. Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides evidence that previous IVI significantly increases the risk of PCR during future cataract surgery. The risk of PCR should be discussed preoperatively with patients. Further studies are required to validate our findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.