bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
4788 Thermal Manikin Measurements of Protective Clothing Assemblies
Authors: Frydrych Iwona , Frydrych Iwona , Cichocka Agnieszka , Gilewicz Paulina , Dominiak Justyna
Published: February 2018

The thermal comfort of a foundry worker is very important and related to many factors, i.e., the structure of the protective clothing assembly, the number of layers and their thickness, as well as the distance between the body and appropriate underwear. The research undertaken aimed at checking thermal insulation for assemblies consisting of aluminized protective clothing and appropriate underwear in two sizes and without underwear. Measurements of the clothing thermal insulation were conducted using a thermal manikin dressed in two-layer protective clothing and three kinds of underwear products covering the upper and lower parts of the manikin. The first part of the paper presents a comparison of results of thermal insulation measurement of two kinds of protective clothing: a traditional one made of aluminised glass fabrics and a new one made of aluminised basalt fabrics. Each of the protective clothing was worn on three kinds of underwear products in m and s sizes. The influence of the underwear size was noted. In the second part of paper, measurements were made for two aluminized basalt clothing variants: commercial and a prototype with modifications in static and dynamic conditions. The results were discussed.
INTELLIGENT MACHINING: REAL-TIME TOOL CONDITION MONITORING AND INTELLIGENT ADAPTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS
Authors: HASSAN M. , SADEK A. , ATTIA M.H. , THOMSON V.
Published: February 2018

Unmanned manufacturing systems has recently gained great interest due to the ever increasing requirements
of optimized machining for the realization of the fourth industrial revolution in manufacturing ‘Industry 4.0’. Real-time tool condition monitoring (TCM) and adaptive control (AC) machining system are essential technologies to achieve the required industrial competitive advantage, in terms of reducing cost, increasing productivity, improving quality, and preventing damage to the machined part. New AC systems aim at controlling the process parameters, based on estimating the effects of the sensed real-time machining load on
the tool and part integrity. Such an aspect cannot be directly monitored during the machining operation in
an industrial environment, which necessitates developing new intelligent model-based process controllers.
The new generations of TCM systems target accurate detection of systematic tool wear growth, as well as
the prediction of sudden tool failure before damage to the part takes place. This requires applying advanced signal processing techniques to multi-sensor feedback signals, in addition to using ultra-high speed controllers to facilitate robust online decision making within the very short time span (in the order of 10 ms) for high speed machining processes. The development of new generations of Intelligent AC and TCM systems involves developing robust and swift communication of such systems with the CNC machine controller. However, further research is needed to develop the industrial internet of things (IIOT) readiness of such systems, which provides
a tremendous potential for increased process reliability, efficiency and sustainability.
DEVELOPMENT AND MANUFACTURING OF ARDUINO BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL DISCHARGE MACHINE
Authors: PAWAR Pravin , KUMAR Amaresh , BALLAV Raj
Published: February 2018

The machining of non-conducting materials is very difficult due to its brittleness and hardness properties.
The electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) process is the hybrid non-traditional manufacturing technology because it is combined with two processes namely electro-chemical machining (ECM) and
electro-discharge machining (EDM) which can cut non-conducting and conducting materials. Hence from this view, the present work is undertaken to understand the development and manufacturing of ECDM setup based on Arduino. The 2D drawings are drawn by using AutoCAD software and 3D model is developed with CATIA software. The ECDM machine setup is manufactured accurately according to the 2D drawings and 3D model. The gravity feed mechanism is applied to workpiece materials and the speed of cathode tool electrode is controlled by using Arduino programming through the computer. The preliminary experimental trials were carried out and micro-hole drills on the glass and ceramic materials are successfully achieved. The present article provides fundamental and detailed building study of ECDM setup which includes information from the starting sketch up to the real prototype model. This work may be useful to make advanced machining setup as well as may solve the basic difficulties of new researchers in this field.
DECOMPOSITION ALGORITHM FOR TOOL PATH PLANNING
FOR WIRE-ARC ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Authors: NGUYEN Lam , BUHL Johannes , BAMBACH Markus
Published: February 2018

Three-axis machines are limited in the production of geometrical features in powder-bed additive manufacturing processes. In case of overhangs, support material has to be added due to the nature of the process, which causes some disadvantages. Robot-based wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is able to fabricate overhangs without adding support material. Hence, build time, waste of material, and post-processing might be reduced considerably. In order to make full use of multi-axis advantages, slicing strategies are needed. To this end,
the CAD (computer-aided design) model of the part to be built is first partitioned into sub-parts, and for each sub-part, an individual build direction is identified. Path planning for these sub-parts by slicing then enables to produce the parts. This study presents a heuristic method to deal with the decomposition of CAD models and build direction identification for sub-entities. The geometric data of two adjacent slices are analyzed to construct centroidal axes. These centroidal axes are used to navigate the slicing and building processes. A case study and experiments are presented to exemplify the algorithm.
GALINDO HERVÁS, Alfonso y PÉREZ BERNAL, Ángeles M.ª del Rosario (eds.) (2016): Pensar lo político. Ontología y mundo contemporáneo, México: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México.
Authors: García Pérez María
Published: February 2018

Reseña del libro: GALINDO HERVÁS, Alfonso y PÉREZ BERNAL, Ángeles M.ª del Rosario (2016): Pensar lo político. Ontología y mundo contemporáneo, México: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. 
Perspectivas ecofeministas de la ciencia y el conocimiento La crítica al sesgo andro-antropocéntrico
Authors: Puleo Alicia Helda
Published: February 2018

Este artículo sostiene que la crítica feminista de la ciencia alcanza su máxima intensidad con la teoría ecofeminista porque, en ésta, el análisis del androcentrismo conecta con el intento de superación del antropocentrismo. Considerando que androcentrismo y antropocentrismo se hallan profundamente ligados, el ecofeminismo busca un modelo científico empático que reemplace el paradigma del dominio de la naturaleza propio del complejo tecno-científico hegemónico. Pero, para lograr con éxito este cometido, sus teóricas deben evitar caer en una mística biocéntrica que termine negando los derechos de las mujeres sobre sus propios cuerpos y en un relativismo cultural que debilite su objetivo de superación del andro-antropocentrismo y disuelva la realidad del cuerpo sufriente en el espacio ideal del discurso.
Las grandes crisis de la historia: una óptica de género.
Authors: Pérez del Río Teresa
Published: February 2018

Cuando se estudia la sociedad contemporánea debe estudiarse el papel de las mujeres en el desarrollo histórico y también analizar cómo han afectado a las mismas los distintos hitos del devenir histórico, pues nunca en la historia mujeres y hombres han estado en la misma posición social. Se ha afirmado reiteradamente que “la pobreza tiene rostro de mujer”. Y, efectivamente, en toda crisis las mujeres  se han visto especialmente afectadas de una manera singular reiterada, salvo, claro está,  en la crisis del sistema patriarcal que provocó el movimiento feminista, que muchos investigadores han calificado como la verdadera revolución del Siglo XX. 
El Neurofeminismo frente a la investigación sobre la diferencia sexual
Authors: Reverter-Bañon Sonia
Published: February 2018

En el presente trabajo se exponen las carencias más importantes en la investigación de la denominada “diferencia sexual en el cerebro”. Desde la revisión y análisis crítico del grupo de científicas NeuroGenderings Network se propone una superación de los prejuicios que, de manera obvia o solapada, continúan manteniéndose en la investigación en relación a las diferencias sexuales en el cerebro. La tarea de “guerrilla epistemológica” que este grupo feminista lleva a cabo con el fin de ir conformando un conocimiento rigurosamente científico se podrá ver con el ejemplo concreto de la propuesta que hacen a una revista neurocientífica.
MUÑOZ PÁEZ, Adela (2017) Sabias. La cara oculta de la ciencia. Barcelona: Debate.
Authors: Daza Aure
Published: February 2018

Reseña de MUÑOZ PÁEZ, Adela (2017) Sabias. La cara oculta de la ciencia. Barcelona: Debate.
Gerardus van der Leeuw. Et forstudie til en kognitiv revurdering af mana
Authors: Sørensen Jesper
Published: February 2018

English abstract: This article has a double focus. First, and in line with the special theme of this issue, it will address and discuss the celebrated, later rebuked and finally almost forgotten ‘hero’ from our discipline’s historical cabinet of curiosity, the Dutch phenomenologist of religion and theologian, Gerardus van der Leeuw (1890-1950). Van der Leeuw’s work had its primary impact in the first part of the 20th century, but came to play a special role in Denmark when his Introduction to the Phenomenology of Religion was published in Danish in 1969 – a book which influenced a whole generation of Danish high school teachers. Second, taking my departure from van der Leeuws emphasis, I reevaluate the concept of mana in order to explore its relevance in the contemporary, academic study of religion. My point of departure is, that we need a concept covering broad notions of force. Further I argue that a rejuvenated notion of mana should build upon results from the cognitive sciences regarding causal representation as well as from the notion of force-dynamic representations argued in cognitive linguistics. Finally, in a more speculative manner, I shall present a number of hypotheses concerning the relation between social organization and mana and argue that this relation can be understood as a driving factor in a general history of religion. Dansk resume: Denne artikels formål er dobbelt. For det første vil den, i tråd med dette nummers overordnede tema, diskutere en hyldet, udskældt og nu nærmest glemt ’helt’ fra det forskningshistoriske raritetskabinet, den hollandske religionsfænomenolog og teolog, Gerardus van der Leeuw (1890-1950). Van der Leeuw havde sit virke i første halvdel af det 20. århundrede, men fik en særlig i indflydelse i Danmark fra 1969, hvor hans indføring i religionsfænomenologien udkom på dansk under titlen Mennesket og Mysteriet – en bog, som fik stor indflydelse på en hel generation gymnasielærere. For det andet vil den, med afsæt i van der Leeuws brug af mana som central eksplanatorisk kategori, revurdere dette begreb for at undersøge dets relevans for den moderne religionsvidenskab. Udgangspunktet er, at religionsvidenskaben har brug for et begreb, der dække kraftforestillinger bredt forstået, og at nyere kognitive forklaringer på kausale forestillinger samt den kognitive lingvistiks fokus på kraftdynamik i sproget kan fungere som udgangspunkt for et moderne mana-begreb. Afslutningsvis vil artiklen mere spekulativt udkaste en række hypoteser om forholdet mellem social organisering og mana som en central drivkraft i den generelle religionshistorie.
La construction des dispositifs de GRH territoriale : grille d’analyse et modalités du processus de traduction
Authors: Mazzilli Ingrid , Pichault François
Published: February 2018

Les projets de GRH territoriale trouvent leur origine dans le besoin de voir se développer de nouvelles formes de collaboration entre des acteurs privés et publics à l’échelle locale. Ces formes de collaboration inédites autour des ressources humaines d’un territoire méritent d’être appréhendées dans la complexité des processus qui concourent à leur émergence. En mettant en perspective deux cas de GRH territoriale français, cet article propose une grille d’analyse des dispositifs de gestion élaborés et examine comment s’y forme un réseau d’acteurs. Grâce à la théorie de l’acteur-réseau, l’accent est mis sur trois modalités du processus de traduction permettant de surmonter plus aisément la mise à l’épreuve que représente la construction d’un réseau d’acteurs : la capacité diversement répartie des acteurs à « reproblématiser », le caractère intensif ou extensif de l’enrôlement, et l’acceptabilité sociale des conséquences relationnelles inscrites dans les instruments de gestion produits.
How does accreditation influence the dynamics of organizational identity for business schools?
Authors: Lejeune Christophe , Schultz Majken , Vas Alain
Published: February 2018

Accreditation has become more prominent for business schools since two decades. In this paper, we explore how accreditation influences the internal and external processes of identity dynamics. First, we argue that Hatch & Schultz (2002) framework, social identity theory and the habitual routines approach offer a comprehensive theoretical framework. Second, we illustrate it with a European Management School’s accreditation failure and its management of change related to the accreditation goal. We elaborate and discuss a model titled “Identity Change through Accreditation” (ICA). Finally, we suggest some implications for managing change during accreditation as well as avenues for research.
L’acceptabilité sociale : une notion en consolidation
Authors: Baba Sofiane , Raufflet Emmanuel
Published: February 2018

Cet article examine un enjeu particulièrement important pour toutes les entreprises qui ont des ancrages locaux marqués : l’acceptabilité sociale. Cette notion s’est imposé au cours des dernières années dans différents contextes à la suite de controverses entre entreprises et communautés locales. Cependant, sa diffusion parmi les praticiens et les décideurs contraste avec sa conceptualisation limitée en tant qu’objet de recherche. Les apports de cet article sont de deux ordres. Le premier est théorique et vise à cartographier les définitions de l’acceptabilité sociale, cerner ses enjeux et proposer un modèle multi-niveaux de l’acceptabilité sociale. Le deuxième apport est empirique. L’étude en profondeur des niveaux d’acceptabilité sociale à partir de l’analyse de l’évolution des relations entre Hydro-Québec et la nation crie sur près de quatre décennies (1971-2012) illustre ces enjeux et l’évolution de leur gestion.
Différencier les contributions des filiales d’une multinationale en matière d’innovation
Authors: Guérineau Mathias , Ben Mahmoud-Jouini Sihem , Charue-Duboc Florence
Published: February 2018

Le renforcement du rôle des filiales dans la stratégie d’innovation de la Firme Multinationale (FMN) est souligné par différents travaux. Nous proposons quatre idéaux types différenciés de la contributions des filiales dans cette stratégie à partir d’un cadre analytique qui prolonge celui de Bartlett et Ghoshal (1989) et de l’étude du cas d’une FMN emblématique. Parallèlement aux « grandes historiques » et aux « implémenteurs », deux nouveaux types sont mis en avant; les « accélérateurs » et les « forts potentiels » qui développent des innovations susceptibles d’être déployées dans le reste de la FMN. Le type d’innovations que chaque type de filiale serait le plus à même de développer est également précisé.
On the emergence and diffusion of technological capabilities and the theory of the MNC
Authors: Blomkvist Katarina , Kappen Philip , Zander Ivo
Published: February 2018

This paper intersects extant theories of the MNC with empirically observed patterns in the intra-company emergence and diffusion of technological capabilities. It draws upon a database containing the complete patenting history of 24 Swedish multinationals over the 1890-2008 period, which allows for the identification of when and where in the multinational organization new technological capabilities first emerged, and when and to where they subsequently diffused into other units of the multinational organization. The results reveal an increasing share of foreign-introduced technological capabilities, as well as distinctive and differentiated diffusion patterns across headquarters, greenfield subsidiaries, and acquired units in the MNC group. We conclude that a theory of the MNC should recognize the shift towards more equal conditions for the generation of new technology within the multinational organization, but that within this overall development some conspicuous inequalities in intra-company capability diffusion remain to be accounted for.
Le management international des talents dans une perspective institutionnelle : les conflits de logiques dans les pays du Golfe
Authors: Al Ariss Akram , Sidani Yusuf , d’Armagnac Sophie
Published: February 2018

Cette étude analyse le management international des talents par les entreprises dans une perspective institutionnelle. Elle est réalisée auprès de managers d’entreprises du Conseil de Coopération du Golfe (CCG). Dans ces pays, les problématiques d’emploi sont typiquement internationales et différentes du contexte occidental. Les difficultés du management des talents sont interprétées en examinant les conflits de logiques institutionnelles en jeu. Dans l’ensemble des entreprises, la nationalisation de la main d’oeuvre gêne la mise en oeuvre des programmes. Dans les entreprises régionales et locales, l’influence du contexte socio-culturel est un obstacle majeur mais des évolutions sont perceptibles.
Aetiology of livestock fetal mortality in Mazandaran province, Iran
Authors: Amouei Afsaneh , Sharif Mehdi , Sarvi Shahabeddin , Bagheri Nejad Ramin , Aghayan Sargis A , Hashemi-Soteh Mohammad Bagher , Mizani Azadeh , Hosseini Seyed Abdollah , Gholami Sara , Sadeghi Alireza , Sarafrazi Mohammad , Daryani Ahmad
Published: February 2018

In the farming industry, the productivity of livestock herds depends on the fertility efficiency of animals. The accurate diagnosis of a broad range of aetiological agents causing fetal death is often difficult. Our aim was to assess the prevalence rates of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Brucella spp. infections in ruminant abortion using bacteriological culture and molecular techniques in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. Samples were collected from 70 aborted sheep, goat, and cattle fetuses between September 2014 and December 2015. Necropsy was performed on all the received samples, and brain tissue and abomasal content were obtained from the aborted fetuses. Protozoan infections were detected by specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial agents using bacteriological examinations and PCR assay.Infectious pathogens were detected in 22 out of 70 (31.4%) examined fetuses. Moreover, T. gondii, N. caninum, and B. melitensis were verified in 13 (18.6%), 4 (5.7%), and 2 (2.85%) samples, respectively. Our results showed that infection with the mentioned pathogenic agents brings about considerable fetal mortality, which can be a major cause of economic loss. The listed pathogens could be considered important etiological agents of fetal loss in Mazandaran Province, for which appropriate control measures such as vaccination and biosecurity can be implemented to prevent infection and reduce reproductive loss in livestock farms.
Predicting the spatial and temporal effects of climate change on the south american lizard genus Teius (Squamata: Teiidae)
Authors: Minoli Ignacio , Cacciali Pier , Morando Mariana , Avila Luciano Javier
Published: February 2018

Background. The consequences of past or future climate change have been studied in many physical and biological systems, and their effects could change the ecology and spatial distribution of suitable areas for a wide variety of organisms.

Methods. We analyzed the environmental and geographic space of the current suitable area and we projected these conditions into Mid-Holocene and 2050 RCP8.5 scenarios. Through these projections, we assessed and quantified whether climate change would affect the distribution and size of environmental and geographic space for lizard species of the genus Teius.

Results. The potentially suitable geographic area for the Mid-Holocene decreased for T. oculatus (-29.55%) and for T. teyou (-6.82%), but for T. suquiensis it was inferred as a larger suitable area (+26%). For the future scenario all species showed a decrease in the potentially suitable area compared to the present (T. oculatus = -9.30%, T. teyou = -0.79%, T. suquiensis = -37.58%). The first 3 PCA axes in the environmental space explained more than 86% of the variation for each temporal scenario for all species. The higher contribution for PC1-2 in Mid-Holocene and Present were mostly related to temperature and for PC3 with altitude variables: and for the 2050 scenario were temperature for PC1, precipitation for PC2 and altitude-temperature for PC3. The hypervolumen distance for T. oculatus from the Present scenario to Mid-Holocene = 67.80 and for 2050 = 309.10; for T. teyou to Mid-Holocene = 95.67 and for 2050 = 442.67; for T. suquiensis to Mid-Holocene = 275.57 and for 2050 = 248.07.

Discussion. These results suggest that current geographic space versus the other temporal forecast of all Teius species, showed different specific magnitude changes in their potentially suitable areas. This work illustrates how ectothermic organisms might have to face major changes in their environmental and geographic space as a consequence of the effect of climate changes.
Application of hyperspectral imaging system to discriminate different diets of live Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Saberioon Mohammadmehdi , Cisar Petr , Labbé Laurent , Souček Pavel , Pelissier Pablo
Published: February 2018

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of hyperspectral imagery for determining the influence of different diets on fish skin. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed either a commercial based diet (N= 80) or a 100 % plant-based diet (N = 80). Hyperspectral images were made using a push-broom hyperspectral imaging system in the spectral region of 394-1009 nm. All images were calibrated using dark and white reference and the average spectral data from the region of interest were extracted. Six spectral pre-treatment methods were used, including Savitzky-Golay (SG), First Derivative(FD), Second Derivative (SD), Standard Normal Variate (SNV) and Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC) then a support vector machine (SVM) with linear kernel was applied to establish the classification models. Additionally, the Genetic algorithm (GA) was used to select optimal wavelengths to reduce the high dimensionality from hyperspectral images in order to decrease the computational costs and simplify the classification models. Overall classification models established from full wavelengths and selected wavelengths showed the good performance (Correct Classification Rate (CCR) = 0.871, Kappa = 0.741) when coupled with SG. The overall results indicate that the integration of Vis/NIR hyperspectral imaging system and machine learning algorithms has promise for discriminating different diets based on the live fish skin.
Scaling up DNA metabarcoding for freshwater macrozoobenthos monitoring
Authors: Elbrecht Vasco , Steinke Dirk
Published: February 2018

The viability of DNA metabarcoding for assessment of freshwater macrozoobenthos has been demonstrated over the past years. It matured to a stage where it can be applied to monitoring at a large scale, keeping pace with increased high throughput sequencing (HTS) capacity. However, workflows and sample tagging need to be optimized to accommodate for hundreds of samples within a single sequencing run. We here conceptualize a streamlined metabarcoding workflow, in which samples are processed in 96-well plates. Each sample is replicated starting with tissue extraction. Negative and positive controls are included to ensure data reliability. With our newly developed fusion primer sets for the BF2+BR2 primer pair up to three 96-well plates (288 wells) can be uniquely tagged for a single Illumina sequencing run. By including Illumina indices tagging can be extended to thousands of samples. We hope that our metabarcoding workflow will be used as a practical guide for future large-scale biodiversity assessments involving freshwater invertebrates. However, we also want to point out that this is just one approach, and that we hope this article will stimulate discussion and publication of alternatives and extensions.
Efficient and accurate extraction of in vivo calcium signals from microendoscopic video data
Authors: Zhou Pengcheng , Resendez Shanna L , Rodriguez-Romaguera Jose , Jimenez Jessica C , Neufeld Shay Q , Giovannucci Andrea , Friedrich Johannes , Pnevmatikakis Eftychios A , Stuber Garret D , Hen Rene , Kheirbek Mazen A , Sabatini Bernardo L , Kass Robert E , Paninski Liam
Published: February 2018

In vivo calcium imaging through microendoscopic lenses enables imaging of previously inaccessible neuronal populations deep within the brains of freely moving animals. However, it is computationally challenging to extract single-neuronal activity from microendoscopic data, because of the very large background fluctuations and high spatial overlaps intrinsic to this recording modality. Here, we describe a new constrained matrix factorization approach to accurately separate the background and then demix and denoise the neuronal signals of interest. We compared the proposed method against previous independent components analysis and constrained nonnegative matrix factorization approaches. On both simulated and experimental data recorded from mice, our method substantially improved the quality of extracted cellular signals and detected more well-isolated neural signals, especially in noisy data regimes. These advances can in turn significantly enhance the statistical power of downstream analyses, and ultimately improve scientific conclusions derived from microendoscopic data.
GRAM domain proteins specialize functionally distinct ER-PM contact sites in human cells
Authors: Besprozvannaya Marina , Dickson Eamonn , Li Hao , Ginburg Kenneth S , Bers Donald M , Auwerx Johan , Nunnari Jodi
Published: February 2018

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane contact sites (MCSs) are crucial regulatory hubs in cells, playing roles in signaling, organelle dynamics, and ion and lipid homeostasis. Previous work demonstrated that the highly conserved yeast Ltc/Lam sterol transporters localize and function at ER MCSs. Our analysis of the human family members, GRAMD1a and GRAMD2a, demonstrates that they are ER-PM MCS proteins, which mark separate regions of the plasma membrane (PM) and perform distinct functions in vivo. GRAMD2a, but not GRAMD1a, co-localizes with the E-Syt2/3 tethers at ER-PM contacts in a PIP lipid-dependent manner and pre-marks the subset of PI(4,5)P2-enriched ER-PM MCSs utilized for STIM1 recruitment. Data from an analysis of cells lacking GRAMD2a suggest that it is an organizer of ER-PM MCSs with pleiotropic functions including calcium homeostasis. Thus, our data demonstrate the existence of multiple ER-PM domains in human cells that are functionally specialized by GRAM-domain containing proteins.
Rab5 and Alsin regulate stress-activated cytoprotective signaling on mitochondria
Authors: Hsu FoSheng , Spannl Stephanie , Ferguson Charles , Hyman Anthony A , Parton Robert G , Zerial Marino
Published: February 2018

Mitochondrial stress response is essential for cell survival, and damaged mitochondria are a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, it is fundamental to understand how mitochondria relay information within the cell. Here, by investigating mitochondrial-endosomal contact sites we made the surprising observation that the small GTPase Rab5 translocates from early endosomes to mitochondria upon oxidative stress. This process is reversible and accompanied by an increase in Rab5-positive endosomes in contact with mitochondria. Interestingly, activation of Rab5 on mitochondria depends on the Rab5-GEF ALS2/Alsin, encoded by a gene mutated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Alsin-deficient human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived spinal motor neurons are defective in relocating Rab5 to mitochondria and display increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. These findings define a novel pathway whereby Alsin catalyzes the assembly of the Rab5 endocytic machinery on mitochondria. Defects in stress-sensing by endosomes could be crucial for mitochondrial quality control during the onset of ALS.
Internações por fraturas ósseas pelo SUS em idosos do município de Salvador (BA): um estudo descritivo do ano de 2015
Authors: Almeida Daniela Oliveira de , Araújo Edilene Maria Queiroz de , Lemaire Denise Carneiro
Published: February 2018

Introdução: as fraturas ósseas são os casos mais frequentes de internações hospitalares relacionadas a lesões por causas externas, gerando alto impacto econômico ao Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro (SUS). A população idosa apresenta grande risco de fraturas devido à pré-existência de condições clínicas de fragilidade e de osteoporose. Objetivo: este estudo visa a analisar as internações hospitalares por fraturas ósseas pelo SUS em idosos residentes de Salvador (BA), seus custos correspondentes, a média de permanência hospitalar e o número de óbitos no ano de 2015. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo com dados do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar, disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do SUS (SIH/SUS). As categorias de fraturas desse sistema são: crânio e ossos da face, pescoço, tórax e pelve, fêmur, outros ossos dos membros e fraturas envolvendo múltiplos ossos. As variáveis estudadas foram: sexo, faixa etária, autorização de internação hospitalar, valor total, média de dias de permanência e número de óbitos. Resultados: as fraturas de outros ossos dos membros foram as mais frequentes em idosos internados por fraturas ósseas (43,7%), enquanto as mais frequentes em idosas internadas foram as de fêmur (41,3%) e de outros ossos dos membros (40,4%). Em ambos os sexos, a média de custo das internações por fraturas de fêmur foram as mais altas (≈R$3.000,00), além de demandarem mais tempo de internamento (≈12 dias). Por outro lado, a média de custo das internações por fraturas de outros ossos dos membros e sua média de dias de permanência hospitalar ficaram entre as mais baixas. Independentemente do sexo, não houve correlação importante entre os dias de permanência e a média de custo hospitalar. A taxa de mortalidade por fraturas de fêmur, no grupo de indivíduos do sexo masculino, foi discretamente maior do que no feminino (5 óbitos/100.000 e 3/100.000, respectivamente). O tipo de fratura que mais levou a óbito, no sexo feminino, foram as fraturas envolvendo múltiplos ossos, com taxa de 6 óbitos/100.000 idosas. Conclusão: os resultados apresentados neste estudo reforçam a importância do planejamento de estratégias a serem implementadas nos programas de atenção à saúde do idoso. Ao reduzir fatores de risco envolvidos com a ocorrência de fraturas, haverá redução de gastos públicos com o tratamento desse tipo de lesão e, logo, consequente melhora da utilização dos recursos financeiros em outros setores da saúde em prol da população
Ocorrência do bullying e sua correlação com as escalas psicométricas SCARED e CDI, o consumo de álcool e a automutilação em escola pública municipal de Salvador, Brasil
Authors: Cypriano Cybele Perciano , Oliveira Irismar Reis de
Published: February 2018

Introdução: bullying ocorre entre 5% e 35% dos estudantes, podendo gerar psicopatologias. Objetivos: verificar a incidência de “prática” e “vitimização” por bullying e correlações com as escalas SCARED e CDI; álcool; “pensamentos de ferir-se” e “comportamentos de ferir-se de propósito”. Metodologia: foi realizado cálculo da ocorrência da forma direta de agressão em setenta e um escolares, com idade entre doze e dezessete anos, no contexto de estudo oferecendo treinamento baseado na Terapia Cognitiva Processual. Foi também calculada a correlação de Pearson e a análise de regressão linear, bem como a estatística descritiva da amostra (média e desvio padrão).  Resultados: 54,93% eram meninas. Idade média: 13.92 anos. Meninos praticaram mais e meninas sofreram mais bullying. 56,35% reportaram envolvimento com agressão: 35,22% como vítimas, 21,13% como agressores e 14,09% como vítimas/agressores. “Pensar em ferir-se” e “ferir-se de propósito” possuem correlação moderada e positiva com a prática de bullying e a escala SCARED apresentou associação fraca, mas significativa com o sofrer bullying. A análise de regressão mostrou que: 1) “pensar em ferir-se” tem possibilidade de predizer significantemente a prática de bullying e explica 15% de sua variância; 2) “ferir-se de propósito” tem potencial para predizer a prática da agressão, explicar 18% de sua variância e para predizê-la significativamente. A Scared associada com sofrer bullying explica 9% da variância e foi capaz de predizer o sofrer bullying. Não houve correlação com CDI e uso de álcool. Conclusão: a ocorrência de violência na escola é alta, sugerindo-se psicoeducação sobre bullying no ambiente escolar, tanto para os pais quanto para a população em geral.
Análise descritiva das internações e óbitos por asma em Salvador, Bahia
Authors: Peleteiro Thaís Silva , Machado Adelmir Souza , Pereira Luciana Jaqueline Xavier
Published: February 2018

Introdução: a asma pode ser definida como uma doença inflamatória crônica das vias aéreas, caracterizada por hiperresponsividade brônquica, por limitação reversível do fluxo aéreo, manifestando-se clinicamente por episódios recorrentes de sibilância, chiado no peito, tosse, dentre outros. A asma constitui-se em um grave problema de saúde pública, sendo, muitas vezes, subdiagnosticada e subtratada, o que exclui uma parcela expressiva da população de acompanhamento satisfatório e tratamento adequado. Objetivo: avaliar e descrever a ocorrência das internações hospitalares e óbitos por asma em residentes de Salvador (BA), no período de 1996 a 2016. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico realizado por meio de consulta ao DATASUS, sendo verificados os dados referentes ao período de 1996 a 2016. Os dados obtidos foram organizados em planilhas do software Microsoft Excel® e passaram por tratamento estatístico descritivo, sendo calculadas as frequências e as taxas de internações hospitalares e óbitos. Resultados: o número de óbitos foi verificado em maior quantidade entre os idosos, totalizando 490, e as internações foram mais frequentes entre as crianças na faixa de 1 a 4 anos, totalizando 12.447. Durante as estações outono e inverno, foi verificado maior número de internações. Observou-se um decréscimo gradativo das taxas de internações e óbitos ao longo do período avaliado. Conclusões: a redução a das taxas de óbitos e internações pode ser explicada como resultante da melhoria na assistência à saúde. Entretanto, a asma ainda pode ser considerada uma doença de grande impacto e elevado custo social em Salvador.
Associação entre níveis séricos de vitamina D e componentes da síndrome metabólica em pacientes atendidos no centro de estudos e atendimento dietoterápico da Universidade do Estado da Bahia
Authors: Lima Claubert Radamés O. Coutinho de , Dos Santos Luama Araújo , Lemaire Denise Carneiro , Rios Domingos Lázaro , Conceição Gildásio Carvalho da , Conceição Gildásio Carvalho da , Brandão Najara Amaral , Araújo Edilene Maria Queiroz
Published: February 2018

Introdução: a síndrome metabólica é um conjunto de disfunções que ocorre no metabolismo. Por sua vez, as disfunções endocrinometabólicas, incluindo componentes da síndrome, tais como obesidade, diabetes mellitus, elevação da pressão arterial e dislipidemias, têm sido associadas a baixos níveis séricos de vitamina D. A Hipovitaminose D tem atingido altas prevalências em diferentes populações mundiais, sobretudo em portadores desta síndrome. Metodologia: estudo observacional analítico, descritivo, de corte transversal. Os pacientes foram diagnosticados com síndrome metabólica a partir das recomendações da IDF, 2006. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de agosto de 2015 a julho de 2016 e para determinação da concentração sérica de 25-hidroxivitamina D foi utilizado o método de quimioluminescência. Resultados: a hipovitaminose D foi observada em 77,6% dos pacientes. Dentre os componentes da SM a hipertensão arterial foi o mais prevalente. A análise de dados evidenciou correlação inversamente proporcional entre os níveis séricos de 25(OH)D, com as medidas de circunferência da cintura (r= – 0,245; pvalor= 0,013), com níveis séricos de triglicerídeos (r= – 1,54; pvalor= 0,030) e também com valores de Índice de Massa Corporal (r= – 0,225; pvalor= 0,023). Conclusão: neste estudo foi observado alta prevalência de hipovitaminose D e evidenciada correlação inversa entre os níveis séricos de vitamina D e as medidas de Circunferência da Cintura, de níveis séricos de triglicerídeos e valores de IMC.
Perfil dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia plástica pós-bariátrica
Authors: Silva Chenia Frutuoso , Felzemburgh Victor Araújo , Rosa Fabiana Paim
Published: February 2018

Introdução: Estudos que relacionam qualidade de vida com abdominoplastia demonstram aspectos positivos na vida desses pacientes. O abdômen é uma das cirurgias mais solicitadas após grande perda ponderal. E as cirurgias devem ser indicadas individualizadas. Objetivo: Avaliar qual perfil dos pacientes submetidos à abdominoplastia pós-bariátrica no C-HUPES no período de 2008-2015 e comparar dados dos prontuários do C-HUPES com dados disponibilizados pelo DATASUS. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal realizado em um hospital universitário no estado da Bahia. Após seleção dos pacientes os dados foram coletados dos prontuários e instrumentos de avaliação padronizados foram aplicados durante avaliação no ambulatório. Foi realizada ainda coleta de dados e estudo de série temporal com dados agregados e secundários oriundos do sistema DATASUS e do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares/SIH. Foram analisadas todas as cirurgias bariátricas e pós-bariátricas realizadas no estado da Bahia no mesmo período de coleta do C-HUPES no período de 2008 a 2015. Resultado: O peso no período da dermolipectomia variou entre 55,4 e 111,8 kg (média de 86,361 Kg) apresentando cerca de 50 kg a menos que antes da gastroplastia. Na avaliação pós-operatória no ambulatório foi constatado uma média de idade de 49 anos, A altura da cicatriz com relação ao púbis foi de 9,1 cm e foi observada uma pequena assimetria entre a distância da extremidade da cicatriz e o eixo central variando de 0 a 6 cm. A média do comprimento da cicatriz horizontal foi de 57,8 cm. Conclusão: Identificado uma demanda muito grande de pacientes que necessitam de tratamento pós-gastroplastia. As pacientes são operadas com idade diferente do esperado pela idade das gastroplastias, houve pouco ganho de peso no pós-operatório tardio mesmo operando pacientes com IMC elevado. Foi identificado o uso de códigos de dermolipectomias não estéticas quando poderia ser usado o de cirurgia pós-bariátrica onerando o custo com internamento hospital.
AUDIT‐C shows reliability when used online in patient portals
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2024

The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption (AUDIT‐C) is a validated screen, but until recently has not been evaluated in routine conditions for adult primary care patients. A new study has found that AUDIT‐C screens have “excellent” test‐retest reliability, which assesses the consistency of results when given at two different times. Excellent test‐retest reliability means that there are similar results across separate test administrations, and the study, supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), shows that the AUDIT‐C can be used reliably in adult primary care patients. The study, led by Claire B. Simon, M.D., of the University of Washington in Seattle, used electronic health record (EHR) data from Kaiser Permanente. For the study, more than 18,000 adult primary care patients completed two AUDIT‐C screens at 1 to 21 days apart as part of routine care in 2021. Screen results were reliable whether completed in person or online through patient portals. However, reliability was higher when the patient completed both screens using online patient portals, compared to completing both screens in the clinic or one in the clinic and one online. Therefore, completing two screens may be a better option than just doing one. The study, High test–retest reliability of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption (AUDIT‐C) questionnaire completed by primary care patients in routine care, is published in the February 2024 issue of Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research. The researchers also found that reliability was lower for American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) patients and multiracial patients.
Advances and Challenges of Carbon‐Free Gas‐Diffusion Electrodes (GDEs) for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Rabiee Hesamoddin , Ma Beibei , Yang Yu , Li Fengwang , Yan Penghui , Wu Yuming , Zhang Xueqin , Hu Shihu , Wang Hao , Ge Lei , Zhu Zhonghua
Published: October 2024

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) coupled with renewable electricity holds promises for efficient mitigation of carbon emission impacts on the environment and turning CO2 into valuable chemicals. One important task in CO2RR development is the design and fabrication of efficient electrodes for stable operation in the long term. Gas‐diffusion electrodes (GDEs) have been employed to continuously feed CO2 to the electrolyzers. Despite significant advances in GDE design and tailoring GDE properties, the present GDEs often suffer from the critical issue of flooding due to the electrowetting of carbon‐based substrates, which hinders the transition to industrial application. To address flooding, GDEs with intrinsically hydrophobic polymeric substrates have been recently fabricated and have shown promising performances. Herein, the advances and challenges associated with carbon‐free GDEs are reviewed for CO2RR. This review first briefly outlines GDE and electrolyzers basics. Through critical discussion around the shortcomings of conventional carbon‐based GDEs, the most recent efforts to resolve flooding are summarized. Subsequently, the advances, advantages, and challenges of carbon‐free GDEs are elaborated. Finally, priorities for future studies are suggested, with the aim to support the advancement and scale‐up of carbon‐free GDEs and extend them to other electrochemical systems where gas and the electrolyte are in contact.
Tunable Anomalous Hall Effect in Broken–Symmetry Integrated Perovskite/Brownmillerite Superlattices
Authors: Jia Xiaomin , Liang Yuhan , Wu Liang , Zhang Yujun , Chen Yanbin , Nan Ce‐Wen , Yi Di , Ma Jing , Chen Chonglin
Published: October 2024

The anomalous Hall effect (AHE), a hallmark of broken time–reversal symmetry, serves as a powerful tool for probing magnetic states and elucidating complex spin–orbit interactions in transition metal oxides. It is reported here that the emergence of AHE signals and interfacial ferromagnetism is directly observed from broken–symmetry integrated perovskite PrCoO3 and brownmillerite SrCoO2.5 superlattices. Through the strategic combinations of these two complex oxide systems onto the substrates with tailored lattice parameters, squared AHE hysteresis loops with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are found under compressive strain in the optimized superlattices, and the magnitude of the loops is more than three times greater compared to those under tensile strain. The manifestation of AHE in these superlattices is attributed to an extrinsic mechanism involving spin–polarized scattering of charge carriers, with the mismatched perovskite/brownmillerite interfaces acting as the primary scattering centers. These discoveries suggest a promising avenue for the development of artificial materials with controllable AHE properties.
On‐Demand Fabrication and Manipulation of Single Plasmonic Trimers for Ultrasensitive Enantiomer Detection
Authors: Wang Qifa , Liu Jiahe , Li Chenyang , Hou Liping , Wang Puhui , Gan Xuetao , Liu Kaihui , Lei Dangyuan , Zhao Jianlin , Xiao Fajun
Published: October 2024

The capability of plasmonic nanostructures in generating superchiral near‐fields holds great potential for a wide range of applications, including enantioselective sensing, medical diagnosis, and chirality‐based bioimaging. To implement high‐performance chiral nanophotonic devices, achieving in situ tuning of chiroptical activity in plasmonic nanostructures is highly desirable yet remains a formidable challenge. Here, a straightforward method is developed for deterministic assembly of plasmonic nanosphere trimers using spectroscopy‐assisted nano‐manipulation. The technique offers in situ, real‐time, and site‐specific control over the chiroptical response of trimers by adjusting their vertex angle and in‐plane orientation. The combination of numerical simulations with the Born‐Kuhn model reveals that oblique excitation effectively induces the symmetry breaking of the trimer structure, resulting in a preferential response of two distinct hybridized plasmonic modes to the handedness of light. Consequently, this yields a significant chiroptical response with the g factor up to 0.37. Remarkably, the trimer with an optimized obtuse angle exhibits a 193‐fold enhancement of optical chirality density, enabling the detection of molecular chirality with a record‐large spectral dissymmetric factor of 12 nm. The study facilitates the rational design of plasmonic nanostructures, offering promising prospects for chiral sensing at the single‐molecule level and asymmetric photocatalysis.
Constructing 2D PtSe2/PtCo Heterojunctions by Partial Selenization for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Hao Bing , Gan Manyuan , Guo Jingjing , Li Guoshen , Song Yanhui , Shen Yongqing , Xu Bingshe , Liu Peizhi , Guo Junjie
Published: October 2024

The rational design and fabrication of 2D heterojuctions are proven a promising strategy for boosting the performance of electrocatalysts. Although 2D platinum diselenide (PtSe2) exhibits catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the catalytic performance is still unsatisfactory due to its inert basal plane, wide bandgap, and poor electron transfer ability. Herein, a new strategy is reported to construct PtSe2/PtCo heterojunctions by partial selenization of PtCo alloy for high‐efficiency HER electrocatalyst, which exhibits a low overpotential of 38 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 22 mV dec−1, and a superior stability over 24 h and 1000 cycles. The outstanding HER activity of the catalyst arises from the strong electronic interactions between PtSe2 and PtCo in the heterojunctions, which induce electron transferring from PtSe2 to PtCo and the d‐band center down shifting, and thus optimize the H* adsorption/desorption. This work provides a novel strategy for constructing highly efficient heterostructure electrocatalysts, which facilitates the applications of hydrogen energy conversion.