bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural insight into Tn3 family transposition mechanism
Authors: Shkumatov Alexander V. , Aryanpour Nicolas , Oger Cédric A. , Goossens Gérôme , Hallet Bernard F. , Efremov Rouslan G.
Published: October 2022

Transposons are diverse mobile genetic elements that play the critical role as genome architects in all domains of life. Tn3 is a widespread family and among the first identified bacterial transposons famed for their contribution to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Transposition within this family is mediated by a large TnpA transposase, which facilitates both transposition and target immunity. Howtever, a structural framework required for understanding the mechanism of TnpA transposition is lacking. Here, we describe the cryo-EM structures of TnpA from Tn4430 in the apo form and paired with transposon ends before and after DNA cleavage and strand transfer. We show that TnpA has an unusual architecture and exhibits a family specific regulatory mechanism involving metamorphic refolding of the RNase H-like catalytic domain. The TnpA structure, constrained by a double dimerization interface, creates a peculiar topology that suggests a specific role for the target DNA in transpososome assembly and activation.
Designing fuel cell catalyst support for superior catalytic activity and low mass-transport resistance
Authors: Islam Muhammad Naoshad , Mansoor Basha Abdul Bashith , Kollath Vinayaraj Ozhukil , Soleymani Amir Peyman , Jankovic Jasna , Karan Kunal
Published: October 2022

The development of low-Platinum content polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) has been hindered by inexplicable reduction of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and unexpected O2 mass transport resistance when catalysts have been interfaced with ionomer in a cathode catalyst layer. In this study, we introduce a bottom-up designed spherical carbon support with intrinsic Nitrogen-doping that permits uniform dispersion of Pt catalyst, which reproducibly exhibits high ORR mass activity of 638 ± 68 mA mgPt−1 at 0.9 V and 100% relative humidity (RH) in a membrane electrode assembly. The uniformly distributed Nitrogen-functional surface groups on the carbon support surface promote high ionomer coverage directly evidenced by high-resolution electron microscopy and nearly humidity-independent double layer capacitance. The hydrophilic nature of the carbon surface appears to ensure high activity and performance for operation over a broad range of RH. The paradigm challenging large carbon support (~135 nm) combined with favourable ionomer film structure, hypothesized recently to arise from the interactions of an ionic moiety of the ionomer and Nitrogen-functional group of the catalyst support, results in an unprecedented low local oxygen transport resistance (5.0 s cm−1) for ultra-low Pt loading (34 ± 2 μgPt cm−2) catalyst layer.
Mitophagy and reactive oxygen species interplay in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Xiao Bin , Kuruvilla Joshua , Tan Eng-King
Published: October 2022

Mitophagy impairment and oxidative stress are cardinal pathological hallmarks in Parkinson’s disease (PD), a common age-related neurodegenerative condition. The specific interactions between mitophagy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have attracted considerable attention even though their exact interplay in PD has not been fully elucidated. We highlight the interactions between ROS and mitophagy, with a focus on the signalling pathways downstream to ROS that triggers mitophagy and draw attention to potential therapeutic compounds that target these pathways in both experimental and clinical models. Identifying a combination of ROS inhibitors and mitophagy activators to provide a physiologic balance in this complex signalling pathways may lead to a more optimal outcome. Deciphering the exact temporal relationship between mitophagy and oxidative stress and their triggers early in the course of neurodegeneration can unravel mechanistic clues that potentially lead to the development of compounds for clinical drug trials focusing on prodromic PD or at-risk individuals.
A systematic review of interventions to recognise, refer and diagnose patients with lung cancer symptoms
Authors: Saab Mohamad M. , McCarthy Megan , O’Driscoll Michelle , Sahm Laura J. , Leahy-Warren Patricia , Noonan Brendan , FitzGerald Serena , O’Malley Maria , Lyons Noreen , Burns Heather E. , Kennedy Una , Lyng Áine , Hegarty Josephine
Published: October 2022

Patients with lung cancer (LC) often experience delay between symptom onset and treatment. Primary healthcare professionals (HCPs) can help facilitate early diagnosis of LC through recognising early signs and symptoms and making appropriate referrals. This systematic review describes the effect of interventions aimed at helping HCPs recognise and refer individuals with symptoms suggestive of LC. Seven studies were synthesised narratively. Outcomes were categorised into: Diagnostic intervals; referral and diagnosis patterns; stage distribution at diagnosis; and time interval from diagnosis to treatment. Rapid access pathways and continuing medical education for general practitioners can help reduce LC diagnostic and treatment delay. Awareness campaigns and HCP education can help inform primary HCPs about referral pathways. However, campaigns did not significantly impact LC referral rates or reduce diagnostic intervals. Disease outcomes, such as LC stage at diagnosis, recurrence, and survival were seldom measured. Review findings highlight the need for longitudinal, powered, and controlled studies.
Robust quantum-network memory based on spin qubits in isotopically engineered diamond
Authors: Bradley C. E. , de Bone S. W. , Möller P. F. W. , Baier S. , Degen M. J. , Loenen S. J. H. , Bartling H. P. , Markham M. , Twitchen D. J. , Hanson R. , Elkouss D. , Taminiau T. H.
Published: October 2022

Quantum networks can enable quantum communication and modular quantum computation. A powerful approach is to use multi-qubit nodes that provide quantum memory and computational power. Nuclear spins associated with defects in diamond are promising qubits for this role. However, dephasing during optical entanglement distribution hinders scaling to larger systems. Here, we show that a 13C-spin quantum memory in isotopically engineered diamond is robust to the optical link operation of a nitrogen-vacancy centre. The memory lifetime is improved by two orders-of-magnitude upon the state-of-the-art, surpassing reported times for entanglement distribution. Additionally, we demonstrate that the nuclear-spin state can survive ionisation and recapture of the nitrogen-vacancy electron. Finally, we use simulations to show that combining this memory with previously demonstrated entanglement links and gates can enable key network primitives, such as deterministic non-local two-qubit gates, paving the way for test-bed quantum networks capable of investigating complex algorithms and error correction.
An interactive mass spectrometry atlas of histone posttranslational modifications in T-cell acute leukemia
Authors: Provez Lien , Van Puyvelde Bart , Corveleyn Laura , Demeulemeester Nina , Verhelst Sigrid , Lintermans Béatrice , Daled Simon , Roels Juliette , Clement Lieven , Martens Lennart , Deforce Dieter , Van Vlierberghe Pieter , Dhaenens Maarten
Published: October 2022

The holistic nature of omics studies makes them ideally suited to generate hypotheses on health and disease. Sequencing-based genomics and mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics are linked through epigenetic regulation mechanisms. However, epigenomics is currently mainly focused on DNA methylation status using sequencing technologies, while studying histone posttranslational modifications (hPTMs) using MS is lagging, partly because reuse of raw data is impractical. Yet, targeting hPTMs using epidrugs is an established promising research avenue in cancer treatment. Therefore, we here present the most comprehensive MS-based preprocessed hPTM atlas to date, including 21 T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell lines. We present the data in an intuitive and browsable single licensed Progenesis QIP project and provide all essential quality metrics, allowing users to assess the quality of the data, edit individual peptides, try novel annotation algorithms and export both peptide and protein data for downstream analyses, exemplified by the PeptidoformViz tool. This data resource sets the stage for generalizing MS-based histone analysis and provides the first reusable histone dataset for epidrug development.
Dataset of parent-child hyperscanning functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings
Authors: Bizzego Andrea , Gabrieli Giulio , Azhari Atiqah , Lim Mengyu , Esposito Gianluca
Published: October 2022

The term “hyperscanning” refers to the simultaneous recording of multiple individuals’ brain activity. As a methodology, hyperscanning allows the investigation of brain-to-brain synchrony. Despite being a promising technique, there is a limited number of publicly available functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning recordings. In this paper, we report a dataset of fNIRS recordings from the prefrontal cortical (PFC) activity of 33 mother-child dyads and 29 father-child dyads. Data was recorded while the parent-child dyads participated in an experiment with two sessions: a passive video attention task and a free play session. Dyadic metadata, parental psychological traits, behavioural annotations of the play sessions and information about the video stimuli complementing the dataset of fNIRS signals are described. The dataset presented here can be used to design, implement, and test novel fNIRS analysis techniques, new hyperscanning analysis tools, as well as investigate the PFC activity in participants of different ages when they engage in passive viewing tasks and active interactive tasks.
Salt tolerance QTLs of an endemic rice landrace, Horkuch at seedling and reproductive stages
Authors: Haque Taslima , Elias Sabrina M. , Razzaque Samsad , Biswas Sudip , Khan Sumaiya Farah , Jewel G. M. Nurnabi Azad , Rahman Md. Sazzadur , Juenger Thomas E. , Seraj Zeba I.
Published: October 2022

Salinity has a significant negative impact on production of rice. To cope with the increased soil salinity due to climate change, we need to develop salt tolerant rice varieties that can maintain their high yield. Rice landraces indigenous to coastal Bangladesh can be a great resource to study the genetic basis of salt adaptation. In this study, we implemented a QTL analysis framework with a reciprocal mapping population developed from a salt tolerant landrace Horkuch and a high yielding rice variety IR29. Our aim was to detect genetic loci that contributes to the salt adaptive responses of the two different developmental stages of rice which are very sensitive to salinity stress. We identified 14 QTLs for 9 traits and found that most are unique to specific developmental stages. In addition, we detected a significant effect of the cytoplasmic genome on the QTL model for some traits such as leaf total potassium and filled grain weight. This underscores the importance of considering cytoplasm-nuclear interaction for breeding programs. Finally, we identified QTLs co-localization for multiple traits that highlights the possible constraint of multiple QTL selection for breeding programs due to different contributions of a donor allele for different traits.
Broadband infrared study of pressure-tunable Fano resonance and metallization transition in 2H-$$\hbox {MoTe}_2$$
Authors: Stellino E. , Capitani F. , Ripanti F. , Verseils M. , Petrillo C. , Dore P. , Postorino P.
Published: October 2022

High pressure is a proven effective tool for modulating inter-layer interactions in semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides, which leads to significant band structure changes. Here, we present an extended infrared study of the pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal transition in 2H-$$\hbox {MoTe}_2$$

MoTe
2

, which reveals that the metallization process at 13–15 GPa is not associated with the indirect band-gap closure, occurring at 24 GPa. A coherent picture is drawn where n-type doping levels just below the conduction band minimum play a crucial role in the early metallization transition. Doping levels are also responsible for the asymmetric Fano line-shape of the $$\hbox {E}_{1u}$$

E

1
u

infrared-active mode, which has been here detected and analyzed for the first time in a transition metal dichalcogenide compound. The pressure evolution of the phonon profile under pressure shows a symmetrization in the 13–15 GPa pressure range, which occurs simultaneously with the metallization and confirms the scenario proposed for the high pressure behaviour of 2H-$$\hbox {MoTe}_2$$

MoTe
2

.
Stochastic process and tutorial of the African buffalo optimization
Authors: Odili Julius Beneoluchi , Noraziah A. , Alkazemi Basem , Zarina M.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents the data description of the African buffalo optimization algorithm (ABO). ABO is a recently-designed optimization algorithm that is inspired by the migrant behaviour of African buffalos in the vast African landscape. Organizing their large herds that could be over a thousand buffalos using just two principal sounds, the /maaa/ and the /waaa/ calls present a good foundation for the development of an optimization algorithm. Since elaborate descriptions of the manual workings of optimization algorithms are rare in literature, this paper aims at solving this problem, hence it is our main contribution. It is our belief that elaborate manual description of the workings of optimization algorithms make it user-friendly and encourage reproducibility of the experimental procedures performed using this algorithm. Again, our ability to describe the algorithm’s basic flow, stochastic and data generation processes in a language so simple that any non-expert can appreciate and use as well as the practical implementation of the popular benchmark Rosenbrock and Shekel Foxhole functions with the novel algorithm will assist the research community in benefiting maximally from the contributions of this novel algorithm. Finally, benchmarking the good experimental output of the ABO with those of the popular, highly effective and efficient Cuckoo Search and Flower Pollination Algorithm underscores the ABO as a worthy contribution to the existing body of population-based optimization algorithms
Meteorological flash droughts risk projections based on CMIP6 climate change scenarios
Authors: Sreeparvathy Vijay , Srinivas V. V.
Published: October 2022

Meteorological flash droughts (MFDs) are sub-seasonal-to-seasonal drought phenomena characterized by rapid onset/intensification. This study assesses the changes in trends and hotspot regions of MFDs for the present and five future CMIP6 SSP forcing scenarios (SSP-FS) at global-, continental- and regional-scales. Analysis with 12 GCMs indicates that globally, frequency, duration and severity of MFDs are projected to increase ~20–50%, 20–58%, and 26–62%, respectively, with the highest occurrence probability during the summer season. The MFD hotspot regions appeared prominent in arid and semi-arid zones. MFD exposure risk is projected to exceed ~1.5 folds in most continents, with the highest risk in the Indian sub-continent. Furthermore, in Europe and South America, which are currently less impacted by MFDs, a considerable increase in hotspot regions (~122–127%) is projected under the warmest SSP-FS. The LULC-classes and elevation range most vulnerable to MFDs, and regional potential hydrometeorological drivers that trigger the development of MFDs are identified.
Triphenylamine-embedded copper(ii) complex as a “turn-on” fluorescent probe for the detection of nitric oxide in living animals
Authors: Shang Zhuye , Shu Li , Liu Jianhua , Meng Qingtao , Wang Yue , Sun Jianguo , Zhang Run , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: October 2022

A triphenylamine-copper(ii)-based fluorescence probe (NZ-Cu2+) has been developed for the detection of NO in vivo.
Enhancing the luminescence performance of an LED-pumped Mn4+-activated highly efficient double perovskite phosphor with A-site defectsvialocal lattice tuning
Authors: Li Liang , Cao Qianwen , Xie Jing , Wang Wenming , Wang Yubei , Chen Hongmei , Li Zhongyuan , Pan Yan , Wei Xiantao , Li Yong
Published: October 2022

Enhancing luminescence performance of Mn4+-activated highly efficient double perovskite phosphor with A-site vacanciesvialocal lattice tuning (left), and warm white and far-red light-emitting diodes prepared with the phosphors (right).
Structural engineering of bimetallic selenides for high-energy density sodium-ion half/full batteries
Authors: Zhu Jing , Chen Xiaoyu , Zhang Lei , Wang Quan , Yang Jun , Geng Hongbo
Published: October 2022

The bimetallic selenide ZnSe/MoSe2@NC fabricated byin situselenation of a Zn/Mo MOF shows potential for application in high-energy density sodium ion batteries.
The stability and spicy taste masking effect of capsaicin loaded α-lactalbumin micelles formulated in defatted cheese
Authors: Li Zekun , Liu Zhenmin , Mu Haibo , Liu Yidi , Zhang Yihan , Wang Qimeng , Quintero Laura Estefania Erazo , Li Xing , Chen Shanan , Gong Yifu , Wang Yiming , Sun Rui , Zhao Liang , Li Yuan
Published: October 2022

A nanocarrier strategy that can load capsaicin with high bioavailability and excellent spicy taste masking feature in functional cheese is developed.
Carrier transport characteristics of glass-forming chiral liquid crystalline dimers based on oligo(phenylenevinylene) units
Authors: Kunihiro Masaki , Shimaoka Eigo , Morishita Shuhei , Tsurumachi Noriaki , Funahashi Masahiro
Published: October 2022

We synthesized chiral dimeric chiral nematic (N*) liquid crystals bearing tri(p-phenylene vinylene) units and studied the carrier transport characteristics as well as the circularly polarized fluorescence in the N* phase of the liquid crystals.
Photo-assisted effective and selective reduction of CO2to methanol on a Cu–ZnO–ZrO2catalyst
Authors: Wang Jian , Qu Xiuli , Djitcheu Xavier , Meng Qingrun , Ni Zenan , Liu Huimin , Zhang Qijian
Published: October 2022

Highly selective catalysis of CO2hydrogenation to methanol with photo-assistance on Cu–ZnO–ZrO2, a photothermal synergistic catalyst.
Looking into a crystal ball: printing and patterning self-assembled peptide nanostructures
Authors: Alves Wendel A. , King Gavin M. , Guha Suchismita
Published: October 2022

Recent advances in printing and patterning self-assembled peptide nanostructures are highlighted. Ice lithography, which thus far has not been applied to biological macromolecules, is promising for functionalizing and patterning peptides.
Synthesis of the matriglycan hexasaccharide, -3Xylα1-3GlcAβ1-trimer and its interaction with laminin
Authors: Tamura Takahiro , Omura Yuka , Kotera Kota , Ito Ryota , Ohno Shiho , Manabe Noriyoshi , Yamaguchi Yoshiki , Tamura Jun-ichi
Published: October 2022

Matriglycan hexasaccharide (-3Xylα1-3GlcAβ1)3-O(C2H4O)3CH2CCH and the biotin conjugate was synthesized. The hexasaccharide showed good interaction with laminin-G-like domains 4 and 5 of laminin-α2 using saturation transfer difference-NMR and bio-layer interferometry.
Cyclization of arylhydrazones of cross-conjugated enynones: synthesis of luminescent styryl-1H-pyrazoles and propenyl-1H-pyrazoles
Authors: Itakhunov Radik N. , Odin Ivan S. , Gusev Dmitry M. , Grabovskiy Stanislav A. , Gordon Kareem V. , Vologzhanina Anna V. , Sokov Sergey A. , Sosnin Ilya M. , Golovanov Alexander A.
Published: October 2022

On the basis of available ethynyl vinyl ketones and arylhydrazines, the authors have developed the two-stage synthesis method for styrylpyrazoles possessing fluorescent abilities, as well as the gram-scale synthesis method for fluorescent probes.
Hybrid data and model‐driven joint identification of distribution‐network topology and parameters
Authors: Yang Xiu , Jiang Jiafu , Liu Fang , Tang Jinzhang
Published: October 2022

Because of frequent changes in the topologies of distribution networks, the aging of lines and insufficient monitoring capacity compared to the transmission grid, the topology and line parameters are difficult to determine. Here, a hybrid data and model‐driven method is proposed for identifying the topologies and line parameters of distribution networks in the absence of voltage‐angle measurements. First, a topology identification model based on an attention mechanism and convolutional neural networks is constructed as an upper‐layer model, which requires a small number of voltage measurement snapshots of key nodes to identify the current topology. Second, a model‐driven two‐stage line‐parameter identification model is constructed as the lower‐layer model. Case studies based on the IEEE33 and PG&E69 node distribution systems are performed to validate the proposed method. The results confirm that the proposed method is effective for a stable and accurate identification of the topology and line parameters of distribution networks within a certain error range. In addition, the proposed method exhibits a reasonable generalization capability, and all models are equally applicable to both radial and ring networks.
Secure distributed power trading protocol for networked microgrids based on blockchain and elliptic curve cryptography
Authors: Fkaier Soumoud , Khalgui Mohamed , Frey Georg , Li Zhiwu , Yu Jiaxin
Published: October 2022

The definition of an electricity trading protocol among microgrids is not an easy task to perform due to the grid's increasing requirements. In fact, a trading process must provide security and especially privacy of the buyer and seller identities as well as prices. Also, guaranteeing a financial profit to trading parties is of great importnace. Moreover, matching the full distributed paradigm is required since it will be executed in a distributed system. All these constraints must be satisfied with consideration to the computational costs especially data storage. In this paper, an electricity trading protocol is introduced to ensure: (1) the security and privacy of buyers, sellers, and sales information, (2) the trading process distribution, and (3) the minimisation of the stored data. The protocol builds upon the blockchain technology and the Elliptic Curve Cryptography. To achieve the protocol goals, a new architecture based on a concept of membership of microgrids to families and groups of families is defined. The proposed protocol is implemented using Java programming langauge. An honest‐but‐curious‐adversary security model is applied to a formal case study to prove security of the protocol.
An astrometric mass estimate for asteroid (223) Rosa
Authors: Kretlow M.
Published: October 2022

Context. Outer main belt asteroid (223) Rosa is a possible flyby target of opportunity for the European Space Agency (ESA) JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) mission when it passes the asteroid belt on the way to Jupiter. The very low albedo and the featureless red spectra indicate a P-type asteroid in the Tholen taxonomy, though the yet known bulk density does not appear to match this classification.

Aims. The aim of this work is to derive new estimates for the mass and bulk density of (223) Rosa.

Methods. We derived the mass of Rosa by analyzing the gravitational deflection of small "test" asteroids that had a close encounter with Rosa in the past. To find such events suitable for the mass determination, we performed an encounter search with about 900 000 asteroids over the time span 1980–2030.

Results. Three encounters were identified from which two independent mass estimates for Rosa were derived: M = (5.32 ± 2.17) × 1017 kg and M = (3.15 ± 1.14) × 1017 kg, respectively. The weighted mean is M = (3.62 ± 1.25) × 1017 kg. This yields to a bulk density of ρ = 1.2 ± 0.5 g cm−3, when adopting an effective diameter of D = 83 ± 8 km. This bulk density estimate is consistent with typical densities for Tholen taxonomy P-type asteroids.
Pulsating hydrogen-deficient white dwarfs and pre-white dwarfs observed with TESS
Authors: Córsico A. H. , Uzundag M. , Kepler S. O. , Althaus L. G. , Silvotti R. , Bradley P. A. , Baran A. S. , Koester D. , Bell K. J. , Romero A. D. , Hermes J. J. , Gentile Fusillo N. P.
Published: October 2022

Context. The TESS space mission has recently demonstrated its great potential to discover new pulsating white dwarf and pre-white dwarf stars, and to detect periodicities with high precision in already known white-dwarf pulsators.

Aims. We report the discovery of two new pulsating He-rich atmosphere white dwarfs (DBVs) and present a detailed asteroseismological analysis of three already known DBV stars employing observations collected by the TESS mission along with ground-based data.

Methods. We processed and analyzed TESS observations of the three already known DBV stars PG 1351+489 (TIC 471015205), EC 20058−5234 (TIC 101622737), and EC 04207−4748 (TIC 153708460), and the two new DBV pulsators WDJ152738.4−50207.4 (TIC 150808542) and WD 1708−871 (TIC 451533898), whose variability is reported for the first time in this paper. We also carried out a detailed asteroseismological analysis using fully evolutionary DB white-dwarf models built considering the complete evolution of the progenitor stars. We constrained the stellar mass of three of these target stars by means of the observed period spacing, and derived a representative asteroseismological model using the individual periods, when possible.

Results. We extracted frequencies from the TESS light curves of these DBV stars using a standard pre-whitening procedure to derive the potential pulsation frequencies. All the oscillation frequencies that we found are associated with g-mode pulsations with periods spanning from ∼190 s to ∼936 s. We find hints of rotation from frequency triplets in some of the targets, including the two new DBVs. For three targets, we find constant period spacings, which allowed us to infer their stellar masses and constrain the harmonic degree ℓ of the modes. We also performed period-to-period fit analyses and found an asteroseismological model for three targets, with stellar masses generally compatible with the spectroscopic masses. Obtaining seismological models allowed us to estimate the seismological distances and compare them with the precise astrometric distances measured with Gaia. We find a good agreement between the seismic and the astrometric distances for three stars (PG 1351+489, EC 20058-5234, and WD 1708-871); although, for the other two stars (EC 04207-4748 and WD J152738.4-50207), the discrepancies are substantial.

Conclusions. The high-quality data from the TESS mission continue to provide important clues which can be used to help determine the internal structure of pulsating pre-white dwarf and white dwarf stars through the tools of asteroseismology.
Evidence for a milliparsec-separation supermassive binary black hole with quasar microlensing
Authors: Millon M. , Dalang C. , Lemon C. , Sluse D. , Paic E. , Chan J. H. H. , Courbin F.
Published: October 2022

We report periodic oscillations in the 15-year-long optical light curve of the gravitationally lensed quasar Q J0158−4325 at zs = 1.29. The signal is enhanced during a high magnification microlensing event of the quasar that the fainter lensed image, B, underwent between 2003 and 2010. We measure a period of Po = 172.6 ± 0.9 days, which translates to 75.4 ± 0.4 days in the quasar frame. The oscillations have a maximum amplitude of 0.26 ± 0.02 mag and decrease concurrently with the smooth microlensing amplitude. We explore four scenarios to explain the origin of the periodicity: (1) the high magnification microlensing event is due to a binary star in the lensing galaxy, (2) Q J0158−4325 contains a supermassive binary black hole system in its final dynamical stage before merging, (3) the quasar accretion disk contains a bright inhomogeneity in Keplerian motion around the black hole, and (4) the accretion disk is in precession. Of these four scenarios, only a supermassive binary black hole can account for both the short observed period and the amplitude of the signal, through the oscillation of the accretion disk towards and away from high-magnification regions of a microlensing caustic. The short measured period implies that the semi-major axis of the orbit is ∼10−3 pc and that and the coalescence timescale is tcoal ∼ 1000 yr, assuming that the decay of the orbit is solely powered by the emission of gravitational waves. The probability of observing a system so close to coalescence, in a sample of only 30 monitored lensed quasars, suggests either a much larger population of supermassive binary black holes than predicted or, more likely, that some other mechanism significantly increases the coalescence timescale. Three tests of the binary black hole hypothesis include: (i) the recurrence of oscillations in photometric monitoring during any future microlensing events in either image, (ii) spectroscopic detection of Doppler shifts (up to ∼0.01c) associated with optical emission in the vicinity of the black holes, and (iii) the detection of gravitational waves through pulsar timing array experiments, such as the Square Kilometre Array, which will have the sensitivity to detect the ∼100 nano-hertz emission.
Improvement of hetero-interface engineering by partial substitution of Zn in Cu2ZnSnS4-based solar cells
Authors: Tamin Charif , Chaumont Denis , Heintz Olivier , Leray Aymeric , Adnane Mohamed
Published: October 2022

This paper investigates the effects of partial substitution of zinc (Zn) in pure sulfide kesterite (Cu2ZnSnS4) by cadmium (Cd) and manganese (Mn) incorporation. Thin films of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), Cu2Zn1–xCdxSnS4 (CCZTS) and Cu2Zn1–xMnxSnS4(CMZTS) were produced chemically. A comparison of pure CZTS with CCZTS and CMZTS was performed to study the influence of Cd and Mn incorporation on the morphology, structure, optical and electronic properties of the films. The results show an improvement of the morphology and an adjustment of the band gap and valence band position by partial substitution of Zn with Cd and Mn. In addition, for the first time, the band alignment at the absorber/buffer hetero-interface is studied with partial Zn substitution. Band alignments at the absorber/buffer hetero-interface were estimated by XPS and UV/Visible measurements. The results show a cliff-like CBO for CZTS/CdS heterojunction, a spike-like CBO for CCZTS/CdS and a near flat-band CBO for CMZTS/CdS heterojunction.
Spielerisch gegen Parkinson
Authors: Mainz Anne
Published: October 2022

Die neurodegenerative Parkinsonerkrankung betrifft vor allem Menschen fortgeschrittenen Alters und mittlerweile knapp 400 000 Menschen in Deutschland. Um die motorischen Symptome von Parkinson zu verbessern, nutzen viele Patienten Therapieangebote. Durch den erkrankungsbedingten Motivationsmangel und starke Erschöpfung fällt es vielen Patienten aber schwer, bei diesen Angeboten längerfristig am Ball zu bleiben. Um die Therapie zu unterstützen, wurde ein Serious-Game-Konzept für die Parkinson-Therapie mithilfe der Design-Thinking-Methode entwickelt. Durch Design Thinking werden nutzerzentrierte Lösungen durch eine systematisierten Kreativprozess entwickelt. Das entstandene Spiel PARKinson ist ein kompetitives Serious Game für 2 Spieler, was durch die Körperbewegungen der Spieler gesteuert wird. Die Bewegungen werden durch kamerabasiertes Bodytracking mithilfe der Azure Kinect erfasst und durch soziales Spielen und den Wettbewerbsgedanken soll die Motivation der Spieler gesteigert und langfristig erhalten werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass eine digitale, spielerische Bewegungstherapie eine geeignete Ergänzung für die Parkinson-Therapie darstellen kann.
Diabetes mellitus im Alter
Authors: Zeyfang Andrej , Wernecke Jürgen , Bahrmann Anke
Published: October 2022

Bundesweit gibt es insgesamt etwa 630 000 pflegebedürftige Personen mit Diabetes mellitus. Die Aussagen der Praxisempfehlungen richten sich vorwiegend an die Mehrheit der älteren Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes und können nur einen Teil der Besonderheiten des alten Menschen mit Diabetes wiedergeben. Alterstypische Funktionseinschränkungen und eine hohe Vulnerabilität erzeugen besonderen Handlungsbedarf, der über die Blutglukoseeinstellung und das Management kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren oder diabetestypischer Komplikationen hinausgeht. Grundsätzlich sind Ziele unter dem Gesichtspunkt der partizipativen Entscheidungsfindung gemeinsam zwischen Arzt und Patienten zu vereinbaren. Der Erhalt der Lebensqualität und das Vermeiden von Hypoglykämien sind vorrangiges Therapieziel. Der HbA1c-Wert hat im höheren Lebensalter einen geringeren Stellenwert bei Therapieentscheidungen. Auch beim älteren Menschen mit Diabetes bilden nichtmedikamentöse Verfahren die Basis der Behandlung. Bei der medikamentösen Therapie soll Metformin auch für ältere Patienten als medikamentöse Therapie der ersten Wahl eingesetzt werden. Technische Hilfsmittel zum Diabetesmanagement für Ältere sind bereits seit vielen Jahren auf dem Markt. Während mechanische Hilfsmittel wie altengerechte Blutzuckermessgeräte oder altengerechte Insulin-Pens bereits eine gute Akzeptanz finden, sind elektronische oder auch digitale Hilfsmittel noch nicht in den breiten Einsatz gelangt. Zu den Pflegeschwerpunkten geriatrischer Patienten mit Diabetes sollen v. a. Folgendes gehören: Hypoglykämievermeidung, Prävention des diabetischen Fußsyndroms, Erfassung von Schmerzen (insbesondere auch mit Blick auf Polyneuropathien), Beobachtung der Haut, Wundassessments und -management sowie Förderung der Mundgesundheit, Erfassung der Ernährungssituation, Kontinenzerhaltung und -förderung und Erfassung von Mobilitätseinschränkungen/Sturzgefahr.
Antipsychotic Monotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic
Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nishi Akira , Sawada Kyosuke , Uchida Hiroyuki , Mimura Masaru , Takeuchi Hiroyoshi
Published: October 2022

Although several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared the
effectiveness, efficacy, and safety of antipsychotic monotherapy (APM) versus
placebo in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), no meta-analysis has
examined this topic. We conducted a systematic literature search using MEDLINE
and Embase to identify relevant RCTs and performed a meta-analysis to compare
the following outcomes between APM and placebo: response and remission rates,
study discontinuation due to all causes, lack of efficacy, and adverse events,
changes in total scores on depression severity scales, and individual adverse
event rates. A total of 13 studies were identified, with 14 comparisons
involving 3,197 participants that met the eligibility criteria. There were
significant differences between APM and placebo in response and remission rates
and changes in the primary depression severity scale in favor of APM, and study
discontinuation due to adverse events and several individual adverse events in
favor of placebo. No significant difference was observed in discontinuation due
to all causes. APM could have antidepressant effects in the acute phase of MDD,
although clinicians should be aware of an increased risk of some adverse
events.
Longly-attached cap can contribute to en bloc underwater endoscopic mucosal resection of 20–30 mm colorectal intramucosal lesions
Authors: Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Akamatsu Takuji , Ogino Shinya , Morimura Hiroki , Shimoyama Masayuki , Terashita Tomoko , Nakano Shogo , Wakita Midori , Edagawa Takeya , Konishi Takafumi , Nakatani Yasuki , Yamashita Yukitaka
Published: October 2022

Background and study aims Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) is effective for colorectal intramucosal lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a longly-attached cap in UEMR improves the en bloc resection rate for 20–30 mm lesions.

Patients and methods We performed a retrospective study at a tertiary institute. Candidates for the study were systematically retrieved from an endoscopic and pathological database from October 2016 to December 2020. We assessed the procedural outcomes with UEMR for lesions ≥ 20 mm in size and the clinical factors contributing to en bloc resection.

Results A total of 52 colorectal lesions that underwent UEMR were included. The median procedure time was 271 (66–1264) seconds. The en bloc resection rate and R0 resection rate were 75 % and 73 %, respectively. Intraprocedural perforation occurred in one (1.9 %) case, but no bleeding occurred. Delayed bleeding occurred in one (1.9%) case, but no delayed perforation occurred. Regarding tumor size, macroscopic type, tumor location, and the presence or absence of a history of abdominal operation, there was no significant difference between the en bloc resection and piecemeal resection groups. The visibility of the whole lesion, a longly-attached cap, and sessile serrated lesions were more frequently observed in the en bloc resection group than in the piecemeal resection group (P < 0.001, P = 0.01, and P = 0.04, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that a longly-attached cap was the only independent factor associated with en bloc resection (P = 0.02).

Conclusions A longly-attached cap might contribute to en bloc resection.
A Description of the Imaging Innovations for Placental Assessment in Response to Environmental Pollution Study
Authors: Janzen Carla , Lei Margarida Y. Y. , Lee Brian R. , Vangala Sitaram , DelRosario Irish , Meng Qi , Ritz Beate , Liu Jonathan , Jerrett Michael , Chanlaw Teresa , Choi Sarah , Aliabadi Arya , Fortes Precious Ann , Sullivan Peggy S. , Murphy Aisling , Vecchio Giorgia Del , Thamotharan Shanthie , Sung KyungHyun , Devaskar Sherin U.
Published: October 2022

Objective The aim of Placental Assessment in Response to Environmental Pollution Study (PARENTs) was to determine whether imaging of the placenta by novel multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in early pregnancy could help predict adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) due to ischemic placental disease (IPD). Additionally, we sought to determine maternal characteristics and environmental risk factors that contribute to IPD and secondary APOs.

Study Design Potential patients in their first trimester of pregnancy, who agreed to MRI of the placenta and measures of assessment of environmental pollution, were recruited into PARENTs, a prospective population-based cohort study. Participants were seen at three study visits during pregnancy and again at their delivery from 2015 to 2019. We collected data from interviews, chart abstractions, and imaging. Maternal biospecimens (serum, plasma, and urine) at antepartum study visits and delivery specimens (placenta, cord, and maternal blood) were collected, processed, and stored. The primary outcome was a composite of IPD, which included any of the following: placental abruption, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, fetal growth restriction, or a newborn of small for gestational age.

Results In this pilot cohort, of the 190 patients who completed pregnancy to viable delivery, 50 (26%) developed IPD. Among demographic characteristics, having a history of prior IPD in multiparous women was associated with the development of IPD. In the multiple novel perfusion measurements taken of the in vivo placenta using MRI, decreased high placental blood flow (mL/100 g/min) in early pregnancy (between 14 and 16 weeks) was found to be significantly associated with the later development of IPD.

Conclusion Successful recruitment of the PARENTs prospective cohort demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of the use of MRI in human pregnancy to study the placenta in vivo and at the same time collect environmental exposure data. Analysis is ongoing and we hope these methods will assist researchers in the design of prospective imaging studies of pregnancy.

Key Points
The Association of Prenatal C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-8 Levels with Maternal Characteristics and Preterm Birth
Authors: Litonjua Augusto A. , Lee-Sarwar Kathleen A. , Chen Yih-Chieh S. , Mirzakhani Hooman , Knihtilä Hanna , Fichorova Raina N. , Luu Ngan , Laranjo Nancy , Jha Anjali , Kelly Rachel S. , Weiss Scott T.
Published: October 2022

Objective The determinants of preterm birth remain unknown. Excessive maternal inflammation during pregnancy may play an important role in the pathogenesis of preterm birth. Our objective was to describe the association of prenatal levels of proinflammatory C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) with preterm birth in participants of the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial.

Study Design Five hundred and twenty-eight patients with available samples of both first- and third-trimester plasma were included in this analysis. CRP and IL-8 were measured from maternal prenatal samples. We examined the association between prenatal CRP and IL-8 with maternal health characteristics and the outcome of preterm birth. We also described the patterns of change in CRP and IL-8 from first to third trimester and their association with preterm birth. A subgroup analysis comparing only those with a spontaneous preterm birth phenotype to those with term birth was also performed.

Results Maternal characteristics including lower educational attainment, higher prepregnancy body mass index, gestational diabetes, lower vitamin D, and an unhealthy diet were associated with elevated levels of prenatal CRP and IL-8. Higher third trimester CRP and an increase in CRP from first to third trimester were associated with an increased odds of preterm birth when compared to lower levels of CRP (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 2.23, p = 0.04) or a decrease in CRP over pregnancy (aOR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.31,7.55, p = 0.01), after adjusting for potential confounders. These associations were strengthened when comparing only patients with spontaneous preterm birth (n = 22) to those with term births.

Conclusion Higher levels of the proinflammatory markers CRP and IL-8 are associated with indicators of poor maternal health and preterm birth. Prenatal CRP levels may reflect maternal prenatal health status and serve as a predictor of preterm birth, especially among those with spontaneous preterm birth.

Key Points
Catalytic Enantioselective Dihalogenation of Alkenes
Authors: Dong Jia-Wei , Cao Ren-Fei , Chen Zhi-Min
Published: October 2022

Vicinal dihalides not only emerge as reactive intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry, but also are extensively existing in bioactive marine natural products. The dihalogenation of alkenes is the most direct and effective method for the synthesis of vicinal dihalides. Because there is always an exchange process between the chiral haloniums and the unreacted olefins to cause racemization, the development of catalytic enantioselective dihalogenation of alkenes is of great difficulty. Recently, great progress has been made in catalytic asymmetric manner. However, there is a lack of related review of discussions of the mechanisms and reaction systems. This review is aimed at summarizing enantioselective dihalogenation of alkenes, including 1,2-dichlorination, 1,2-dibromination, and 1,2-difluorination, which is expected to encourage more researchers to participate in this field.

1 Introduction

2 Enantioselective 1,2-Dichlorination and 1,2-Dibromination of Alkenes

2.1 Chiral-Boron-Complex-Promoted Enantioselective 1,2-Dichlorination

2.2 Organocatalytic Asymmetric 1,2-Dichlorination and 1,2-Dibromination

2.3 Chiral-Titanium-Complex-Catalyzed 1,2-Dihalogenation

3 Chiral-Iodide-Catalyzed Enantioselective Oxidative 1,2-Difluorination

4 Summary and Outlook
Fast Access to 5-Hydroxymethyl Derivatives of 2′-Deoxyuridine Promoted by Acidic Amberlyst 15 Resin
Authors: Guianvarc’h D. , Doisneau G. , Liu D. , Monfret O. , Bourdreux Y. , Urban D.
Published: October 2022

5-Hydroxymethyl derivatives of pyrimidine nucleosides are an important class of biologically relevant compounds. In addition, such derivatives and related compounds can be functionalized for various applications. To enable fast, economical, and efficient access to 5-hydroxymethylated derivatives of 2′-deoxyuridine, we report a method for the O-5 chemoselective transformation of unprotected 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2′-deoxyuridine through selective etherification in the presence of an alcohol promoted by acidic Amberlyst 15 resin at room temperature. These mild conditions constitute a significant improvement compared with the harsh conditions previously described. Applied to various primary or secondary alcohols, the reaction showed a broad substrate scope, and 24 C(5)-modified derivatives of 5hmdU were synthesized with good isolated yields. Notably, this efficient procedure represents a straightforward method for preparing (i) several useful building blocks for subsequent chemical ligation by using CuAAC reactions; (ii) natural hypermodified thymidines and analogues, including glycosylated derivatives; and (iii) cyanoethyl-protected 5hmdU, useful for solid-phase oligonucleotide syntheses.
Síndrome interóssea posterior devido a schwannoma – Um relato de caso
Authors: Severo Antônio Lourenço , Alencar Neto Deodoro Máximo de , Lemos Marcelo Barreto , Duarte Matheus Predebon , Tagliari Ivânio
Published: October 2022

A síndrome interóssea posterior é a síndrome mais frequente de compressão do nervo radial, com a arcada de Frohse sendo o principal local de compressão. Seus sintomas incluem dificuldades na extensão do dedo e punho, com possível desvio radial. Aqui, apresentamos um caso de síndrome interóssea posterior causada por um schwannoma, um tipo de tumor neurológico.
Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Radical Synthesis of Aryl Allyl Sulfones
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhang Ling-feng
Published: October 2022

A photocatalytic synthesis of aryl allyl sulfones by a radical cascade reaction from an aryl diazonium salt, DABCO·(SO2)2 and 3-bromoprop-1-ene has been developed. This reaction employed ­DABCO·(SO2)2 as the SO2 source and a polyaniline–graphitic carbon ­nitride–titanium dioxide composite as the photocatalyst. A series of substrates were tolerated, providing the corresponding products in good yields. Moreover, the photocatalyst could be readily recovered and reused several times with only a slight decrease in its catalytic activity.
Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Cryoanalgesia for Pectus Excavatum: When Should It be Applied?
Authors: Velayos María , Alonso Mercedes , Estefanía Karla , Jesus Muñoz Antonio , Torres Raquel , Hernández Francisco , Reinoso Francisco , Torre Carlos De la
Published: October 2022

Introduction The addition of ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoanalgesia (PCr) for pain management after pectus excavatum (PE) surgery offers a new and advantageous approach. Our aim is to describe our experience with PCr applied on the same day, 24 hours, and 48 hours prior to PE surgery.

Material and Methods Prospective pilot study in patients undergoing ultrasound-guided PCr (2019–2022) was divided into three groups: PCr on the same day of surgery (PCrSD), PCr 24 hours before (PCr24), and PCr 48 hours before (PCr48). We describe the application of technique and data obtained by comparing the three groups.

Results We present 42 patients (25 PCrSD, 11 PCr24, 6 PCr48). PCr24 had a shorter procedure duration than PCrSD (65.8 vs. 91.2 minute; p = 0.048). Related to analgesia, PCr24 and PCr48 showed lower opioid consumption than PCrSD in PCA volume (48.5 and 49.6 vs. 75.1 mL; p = 0.015) and PCA time (23.3 and 23.8 vs. 34.3 hours; p = 0.01). Degree of pain (VAS scale) on the day of surgery and on the second postoperative day was lower in PCr24 and PCr48 than in PCrSD (4 and 2 vs. 5; p = 0.012; 0 and 1 vs. 2; p = 0.01, respectively) as well as shorter hospital stay (3 and 3.5 vs. 5 days; p = 0.021). In addition, PCr24 showed lower opioid consumption and hospital stay than PCr48 (p > 0.05). The greatest savings in hospital costs were obtained in the PCr24 group.

Conclusion PCr48 and PCr24 prior to PE surgery offers lower opioid consumption, less pain and shorter hospital stay than PCrSD. PCr24 is comparable to PCr48, but seems to show advantages and simpler logistics for the patient and the hospital.