bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Appropriate Clinical Strategies for Breast Cancer Coexisting with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Genomic-Molecular Era: A Case Report
Authors: Hu Guangfu , Mallik Dipendra K. , Yang Weige , Hou Yingyong , Cheng Zhixiang , Chen Pu , Zhu Wei , Wang Hong , Shen Lei , Zhang Hongwei , Yang Ziang
Published: February 2016

Background: The coexistence of breast cancer (BC) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has rarely been reported. Considering the fatality of AML, the management of this condition is based on treating the AML immediately while putting BC treatment on hold. Case Report: Here, we report a synchronous occurrence of BC and AML. Prognostic factors for both BC and AML were determined by genomic and molecular evaluation. The evaluation for AML showed a relatively good prognosis, and we simultaneously conducted treatment for AML and BC. The patient has survived for more than 3 years, which makes this the case with the longest survival reported. Conclusion: In patients with BC and AML, it is essential to determine the prognosis through a genomic and molecular evaluation. For a certain group of patients whose prognosis of AML is good, simultaneous or initial treatment of BC before treatment of AML may be appropriate.
Epididymitis following Cytoreductive Surgery with Intraperitoneal Oxaliplatin Chemotherapy: Two Case Reports
Authors: Ribeiro Barbosa Luiza Damian , Belotto Marcos , D'Alpino Peixoto Renata
Published: February 2016

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy has emerged as an aggressive treatment option with intent to either cure or extend disease-free survival of selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. However, postoperative complications are common. We describe the cases of 2 men who underwent CRS with hyperthermic intraperitoneal oxaliplatin and developed scrotal pain, which was consistent with noninfectious epididymitis.
An Adjuvant-Free Mouse Model of Transdermal Sensitization and Oral Elicitation of Anaphylaxis to Shellfish
Authors: Parvataneni Sitaram , Gonipeta Babu , Acharya Harini G. , Gangur Venu
Published: February 2016

Background: Shellfish (SF) allergy is a leading cause of systemic anaphylaxis in humans. An adjuvant-free mouse model to evaluate allergenicity and oral anaphylaxis to SF is currently unavailable. Here, we tested the hypothesis that transdermal exposure (TDE) to SF protein extract (SFPE) not only elicits a systemic allergic immune response but also will clinically sensitize mice for oral anaphylaxis. Methods: Adult BALB/c female mice (6-8 weeks of age) were exposed to saline or SFPE once a week for 4 weeks using a transdermal sensitization method. Systemic SF-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a and total (t)IgE responses were measured using ELISA. Systemic anaphylaxis upon oral SFPE administration was assessed according to clinical symptoms and the hypothermia shock response (HSR). Using individual mouse data, the correlation between the readouts of allergenicity was determined using Pearson's analysis. Spleen-cell IL-4 and IFN-γ responses were determined using primary cell culture and ELISA. Results: TDE to SFPE resulted in marked systemic specific (s)IgE, tIgE, IgG1 and IgG2a responses. Oral challenge with SFPE in sensitized mice (but not controls) elicited systemic anaphylactic clinical reactions and HSR. A strong correlation was observed between sIgE, tIgE and HSR. Spleen cells isolated from allergic mice (but not controls) exhibited memory IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokine responses. Conclusion: We report a novel adjuvant-free mouse model of SF allergy with robust quantifiable and correlated readouts of allergenicity that may be used in basic biomedical, preclinical and applied food/nutrition research on SF allergy.
Extracellular Matrix Disarray as a Mechanism for Greater Abdominal Versus Thoracic Aortic Stiffness With Aging in Primates
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhao Xin , Vatner Dorothy E. , McNulty Tara , Bishop Sanford , Sun Zhe , Shen You-Tang , Chen Li , Meininger Gerald A. , Vatner Stephen F.
Published: February 2016

Objective—

Increased vascular stiffness is central to the pathophysiology of aging, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. However, relatively few studies have examined vascular stiffness in both the thoracic and the abdominal aorta with aging, despite major differences in anatomy, embryological origin, and relation to aortic aneurysm.

Approach and Results—

The 2 other unique features of this study were (1) to study young (9±1 years) and old (26±1 years) male monkeys and (2) to study direct and continuous measurements of aortic pressure and thoracic and abdominal aortic diameters in conscious monkeys. As expected, aortic stiffness, β, was increased
P
<0.05, 2- to 3-fold, in old versus young thoracic aorta and augmented further with superimposition of acute hypertension with phenylephrine. Surprisingly, stiffness was not greater in old thoracic aorta than in young abdominal aorta. These results can be explained, in part, by the collagen/elastin ratio, but more importantly, by disarray of collagen and elastin, which correlated best with vascular stiffness. However, vascular smooth muscle cell stiffness was not different in thoracic versus abdominal aorta in either young or old monkeys.

Conclusions—

Thus, aortic stiffness increases with aging as expected, but the most severe increases in aortic stiffness observed in the abdominal aorta is novel, where values in young monkeys equaled, or even exceeded, values of thoracic aortic stiffness in old monkeys. These results can be explained by alterations in collagen/elastin ratio, but even more importantly by collagen and elastin disarray.
Streamlined Hyperacute Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol Identifies Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator–Eligible Stroke Patients When Clinical Impression Is Stroke Mimic
Authors: Goyal Manu S. , Hoff Brian G. , Williams Jennifer , Khoury Naim , Wiesehan Rebecca , Heitsch Laura , Panagos Peter , Vo Katie D. , Benzinger Tammie , Derdeyn Colin P. , Lee Jin-Moo , Ford Andria L.
Published: February 2016

Background and Purpose—

Stroke mimics (SM) challenge the initial assessment of patients presenting with possible acute ischemic stroke (AIS). When SM is considered likely, intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) may be withheld, risking an opportunity to treat AIS. Although computed tomography is routinely used for tPA decision making, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may diagnose AIS when SM is favored but not certain. We hypothesized that a hyperacute MRI (hMRI) protocol would identify tPA-eligible AIS patients among those initially favored to have SM.

Methods—

A streamlined hMRI protocol was designed based on barriers to rapid patient transport, MRI acquisition, and post-MRI tPA delivery. Neurologists were trained to order hMRI when SM was favored and tPA was being withheld. The use of hMRI for tPA decision making, door-to-needle times, and outcomes were compared before hMRI implementation (pre-hMRI: August 1, 2011 to July 31, 2013) and after (post-hMRI, August 1, 2013, to January 15, 2015).

Results—

Post hMRI, 57 patients with suspected SM underwent hMRI (median MRI-order-to-start time, 29 minutes), of whom, 11 (19%) were diagnosed with AIS and 7 (12%) received tPA. Pre-hMRI, no tPA-treated patients were screened with hMRI. Post hMRI, 7 of 106 (6.6%) tPA-treated patients underwent hMRI to aid in decision making because of suspected SM (0% versus 6.6%;
P
=0.001). To ensure standard care was maintained after implementing the hMRI protocol, pre- versus post-hMRI tPA-treated cohorts were compared and did not differ: door-to-needle time (39 versus 37 minutes;
P
=0.63), symptomatic hemorrhage rate (4.5% versus 1.9%;
P
=0.32), and favorable discharge location (85% versus 89%;
P
=0.37).

Conclusions—

A streamlined hMRI protocol permitted tPA administration to a small, but significant, subset of AIS patients initially considered to have SM.
Intra-Arterial Therapy and Post-Treatment Infarct Volumes
Authors: Al-Ajlan Fahad S. , Goyal Mayank , Demchuk Andrew M. , Minhas Priyanka , Sabiq Farahna , Assis Zarina , Willinsky Robert , Montanera Walter J. , Rempel Jeremy L. , Shuaib Ashfaq , Thornton John , Williams David , Roy Daniel , Poppe Alexandre Y. , Jovin Tudor G. , Sapkota Biggya L. , Baxter Blaise W. , Krings Timo , Silver Frank L. , Frei Donald F. , Fanale Christopher , Tampieri Donatella , Teitelbaum Jeanne , Lum Cheemun , Dowlatshahi Dar , Shankar Jai J. , Barber Philip A. , Hill Michael D. , Menon Bijoy K. ,   for the ESCAPE Trial Investigators
Published: February 2016

Background and Purpose—

The goal of reperfusion therapy in acute ischemic stroke is to limit brain infarction. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the beneficial effect of endovascular treatment on functional outcome could be explained by a reduction in post-treatment infarct volume.

Methods—

The Endovascular Treatment for Small Core and Anterior Circulation Proximal Occlusion With Emphasis on Minimizing CT to Recanalization Times (ESCAPE) trial was a multicenter randomized open-label trial with blinded outcome evaluation. Among 315 enrolled subjects (endovascular treatment n=165; control n=150), 314 subject’s infarct volumes at 24 to 48 hours on magnetic resonance imaging (n=254) or computed tomography (n=60) were measured. Post-treatment infarct volumes were compared by treatment assignment and recanalization/reperfusion status. Appropriate statistical models were used to assess relationship between baseline clinical and imaging variables, post-treatment infarct volume, and functional status at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale).

Results—

Median post-treatment infarct volume in all subjects was 21 mL (interquartile range =65 mL), in the intervention arm, 15.5 mL (interquartile range =41.5 mL), and in the control arm, 33.5 mL (interquartile range =84 mL;
P
<0.01). Baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (
P
<0.01), site of occlusion (
P
<0.01), baseline noncontrast computed tomographic scan Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS) (
P
<0.01), and recanalization (
P
<0.01) were independently associated with post-treatment infarct volume, whereas age, sex, treatment type, intravenous alteplase, and time from onset to randomization were not (
P
>0.05). Post-treatment infarct volume (
P
<0.01) and delta National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (
P
<0.01) were independently associated with 90-day modified Rankin Scale, whereas laterality (left versus right) was not.

Conclusions—

These results support the primary results of the ESCAPE trial and show that the biological underpinning of the success of endovascular therapy is a reduction in infarct volume.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01778335.
The Postmortal Life of Savages: Witkiewicz and Malinowski Disinterred
Authors: Sajewska Dorota
Published: February 2016

In the burial rites of the Trobrianders Bronislaw Malinowski describes, a body is removed from its grave so that certain bones can be used as relics. He was joined in the tropics by Polish playwright Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, whose bones, it was later discovered—after his remains were relocated twice—were nowhere to be found. The two friends were reunited in a 2011 play that shares a title with one of Malinowski’s books: The Sexual Life of Savages. The anthropologist’s demonstration of how remains achieve autonomy aptly reflects the role bones and things play in “necroperformance.”
Capitalism and Corporealities: Helena Waldmann’s Made in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Munjulika
Published: February 2016

German dance director Helena Waldmann’s Made in Bangladesh (2015) explores how capitalism’s drive for optimization and profit has adverse effects on Bangladeshi workers and European dancers. The choreography and multimedia highlight similarities between the precarious existences of the two groups, but the production does not address the racial and economic disparities.
Performing the Un-Chosen Israeli Body: Nataly Zukerman’s Haguf Ha’acher
Authors: Harari Dror
Published: February 2016

Nataly Zukerman “comes out” in this autobiographical performance piece, exposing to the public eye the “invisibility” of her limp; an invisibility imposed on her by a society that insists on downplaying her disability in an attempt to normalize her. Her “other body” is set against not only the universally fabricated image of the privileged able body but also, quite specifically, the idealized, physically fit, heroic Israeli body.
Optimal Schedules in Multitask Motor Learning
Authors: Lee Jeong Yoon , Oh Youngmin , Kim Sung Shin , Scheidt Robert A. , Schweighofer Nicolas
Published: February 2016

Although scheduling multiple tasks in motor learning to maximize long-term retention of performance is of great practical importance in sports training and motor rehabilitation after brain injury, it is unclear how to do so. We propose here a novel theoretical approach that uses optimal control theory and computational models of motor adaptation to determine schedules that maximize long-term retention predictively. Using Pontryagin’s maximum principle, we derived a control law that determines the trial-by-trial task choice that maximizes overall delayed retention for all tasks, as predicted by the state-space model. Simulations of a single session of adaptation with two tasks show that when task interference is high, there exists a threshold in relative task difficulty below which the alternating schedule is optimal. Only for large differences in task difficulties do optimal schedules assign more trials to the harder task. However, over the parameter range tested, alternating schedules yield long-term retention performance that is only slightly inferior to performance given by the true optimal schedules. Our results thus predict that in a large number of learning situations wherein tasks interfere, intermixing tasks with an equal number of trials is an effective strategy in enhancing long-term retention.
Vector Symbolic Spiking Neural Network Model of Hippocampal Subarea CA1 Novelty Detection Functionality
Authors: Agerskov Claus
Published: February 2016

A neural network model is presented of novelty detection in the CA1 subdomain of the hippocampal formation from the perspective of information flow. This computational model is restricted on several levels by both anatomical information about hippocampal circuitry and behavioral data from studies done in rats. Several studies report that the CA1 area broadcasts a generalized novelty signal in response to changes in the environment. Using the neural engineering framework developed by Eliasmith et al., a spiking neural network architecture is created that is able to compare high-dimensional vectors, symbolizing semantic information, according to the semantic pointer hypothesis. This model then computes the similarity between the vectors, as both direct inputs and a recalled memory from a long-term memory network by performing the dot-product operation in a novelty neural network architecture. The developed CA1 model agrees with available neuroanatomical data, as well as the presented behavioral data, and so it is a biologically realistic model of novelty detection in the hippocampus, which can provide a feasible explanation for experimentally observed dynamics.
Trap characteristics and species morphology explain size-biased sampling of two salamander species
Authors: Luhring Thomas M. , Connette Grant M. , Schalk Christopher M.
Published: February 2016

Demographic studies often depend on sampling techniques providing representative samples from populations. However, the sequence of events leading up to a successful capture or detection is susceptible to biases introduced through individual-level behaviour or physiology. Passive sampling techniques may be especially prone to sampling bias caused by size-related phenomena (e.g., physical limitations on trap entrance). We tested for size-biased sampling among five types of passive traps using a 9-year data set for two species of aquatic salamanders that have a 20 and 61 fold change in length over their ontogeny (Amphiuma means, Siren lacertina). Size-biased trapping was evident for both species, with body size distributions (body length mean and SD) of captured individuals differing among sampling techniques. Because our two species differed in girth at similar lengths, we were able to show that size biases (in length) were most likely caused by girth limitations on trap entry rates, and potentially by differences in retention rates. Accounting for the biases of sampling techniques may be critical when assessing current population status and demographic change.
Metaphor in Linguistic Thought and Theory
Authors: Langacker Ronald W.
Published: February 2016

Metaphor is pervasive at all levels of the linguistic enterprise: from the conception of particular phenomena, to the formulation of theories, to “world views” such as the “formalist” and “functionalist” perspectives. Metaphor is not just unavoidable but essential to the enterprise, a source of insight and creativity. But since all metaphors are inappropriate in some respect, they can lead to spurious questions, conceptual confusion, misconception of the target, and pointless arguments. These points are illustrated in regard to several metaphors pertaining to lexicon and lexical meaning. Further illustration is provided by an extended case study comparing the network and exemplar models of categorization. When the actual models proposed are distinguished from their metaphorical descriptions, there is no fundamental conflict.
Events of Motion and Talmyan Typology: Verb-framed and Satellite-framed Patterns in Portuguese
Authors: Batoréo Hanna J. , Ferrari Lilian
Published: February 2016

This paper discusses the classical Talmyan proposal (Talmy 1985, 2000) on events of motion and lexicalization patterns, which classifies languages as verb-framed and satellite-framed. The research is based on corpus data of European Portuguese (ep) and Brazilian Portuguese (bp), and focuses on costa-motion events, which imply movement along/ towards an area of land bordering on a water basin. It is shown that these motion patterns may be encoded by: a) denominal lexicalized verbs such as (a)beirar, margear, acostar, and b) satellite-framed patterns of the type [V + preposition + costa Noun], in which the noun may be instantiated by costa ‘coast’, margem ‘margin’ or beira ‘edge’. Our analysis challenges the assumption that Portuguese is a(n) (exclusively) verb-framed language by showing that while the verb-framed pattern is stronger in bp, ep seems to be moving toward satellite-framing. These results indicate different typological tendencies in the development of Portuguese as a pluricentric language.
Three new micro-endemic species of Paepalanthus (Paepalanthoideae, Eriocaulaceae) from Serra do Ambrósio, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: COSTA FABIANE NEPOMUCENO , ANDRINO CAROLINE OLIVEIRA , TROVÓ MARCELO , ECHTERNACHT LIVIA , SANO PAULO TAKEO
Published: February 2016

We describe and illustrate three new species of Paepalanthus (Eriocaulaceae: Paepalanthoideae) from the Espinhaço Range: P. argyrotrychus, P. farinaceus and P. velutiphyllus, all endemic to Serra do Ambrósio, a mountain disjunct from the Espinhaço Range in the municipality of Rio Vermelho, Minas Gerais, Brazil. These species belong to Paepalanthus ser. Paepalanthus (=Paepalanthus [unranked] Variabiles). We provide detailed descriptions and illustrations for each taxon, as well as comments on habitat, distribution, morphology, conservation and their affinities to the most morphologically similar species.
A new species of Hohenbergia (Bromeliaceae) endemic to the Dolphin Head Mountains in western Jamaica
Authors: AGUIRRE-SANTORO JULIÁN , CAMPBELL KERON C. ST. E. , PROCTOR GEORGE R.
Published: February 2016

Recent botanical expeditions to the Dolphin Head Mountains in western Jamaica allowed the collection of different specimens of a new species, Hohenbergia rohan-estyi, an enigmatic plant that resembles the also Jamaican-endemic H. negrilensis. In this study, we describe H. rohan-estyi and include notes on its geographical distribution, habitat, conservation status and taxonomy. The length of the stipes and number of flowers per spike permit the differentiation of H. rohan-estyi from H. negrilensis. In addition, the geographic distributions of these two species do not overlap, as H. rohan-estyi inhabits mountainous forests of the Dolphin Head region while H. negrilensis occurs in coastal areas of western Jamaica. Finally, H. rohan-estyi is the third species of Hohenbergia reported as endemic to the Dolphin Head Mountains, indicating the importance of this area in the evolution and conservation of the genus in Jamaica and the Caribbean.
Review of the genus Saprinus Erichson, 1834 from Madagascar and adjacent islands with description of a new species (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Saprininae) Third contribution to the knowledge of the Histeridae of Madagascar
Authors: LACKNER TOMÁŠ , GOMY YVES
Published: February 2016

Clown beetles belonging to the genus Saprinus Erichson, 1834 from Madagascar and adjacent islands are reviewed. The Malagasy fauna of Saprinus consists of seven species: Saprinus (Saprinus) erichsonii Marseul, 1855; Saprinus (Saprinus) fulgidicollis Marseul, 1855; Saprinus (Saprinus) basalis Fairmaire, 1898; Saprinus (Saprinus) cupreus Erichson, 1834; Saprinus (Saprinus) chalcites (Illiger, 1807); Saprinus (Saprinus) splendens (Paykull, 1811); one species S. (Saprinus) labordei sp. nov., is described as new. Saprinus erichsonii Marseul, 1855 is transferred from the subgenus Phaonius Reichardt, 1941 into the nominotypical subgenus based on the morphological evidence. Lectotypes of the following species are designated: Saprinus erichsonii Marseul, 1855; Saprinus basalis Fairmaire, 1898 and Saprinus fulgidicollis Marseul, 1855. Saprinus (Saprinus) cupreus Erichson, 1834 is newly reported from Madagascar and Saprinus (Saprinus) basalis Fairmaire, 1898 is newly reported from the following countries: Congo, Gambia, Central African Republic, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Republic of South Africa.
First stage larva of the mud shrimp Nihonotrypaea makarovi Marin, 2013
(Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) obtained in the laboratory
Authors: KORN OLGA M. , KORNIENKO ELENA S. , GOLUBINSKAYA DARYA D.
Published: February 2016

First stage larva of a new mud shrimp Nihonotrypaea makarovi Marin, 2013 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) obtained from the ovigerous female is described and illustrated for the first time. The first zoea of N. makarovi is well distinguished from the first larvae of N. japonica and N. petalura, sympatric callianassid species inhabiting Russian waters of the Sea of Japan, only by the greater size and by the presence of two terminal setae on the antennal endopod.
Are Rogue Waves Really Unexpected?
Authors: Fedele Francesco
Published: February 2016

An unexpected wave is defined by Gemmrich and Garrett as a wave that is much taller than a set of neighboring waves. Their definition of “unexpected” refers to a wave that is not anticipated by a casual observer. Clearly, unexpected waves defined in this way are predictable in a statistical sense. They can occur relatively often with a small or moderate crest height, but large unexpected waves that are rogue are rare. Here, this concept is elaborated and statistically described based on a third-order nonlinear model. In particular, the conditional return period of an unexpected wave whose crest exceeds a given threshold is developed. This definition leads to greater return periods or on average less frequent occurrences of unexpected waves than those implied by the conventional return periods not conditioned on a reference threshold. Ultimately, it appears that a rogue wave that is also unexpected would have a lower occurrence frequency than that of a usual rogue wave. As specific applications, the Andrea and Wave Crest Sensor Intercomparison Study (WACSIS) rogue wave events are examined in detail. Both waves appeared without warning and their crests were nearly 2 times larger than the surrounding O(10) wave crests and thus unexpected. The two crest heights are nearly the same as the threshold ~ 1.6Hs exceeded on average once every 0.3 × 106 waves, where Hs is the significant wave height. In contrast, the Andrea and WACSIS events, as both rogue and unexpected, would occur slightly less often and on average once every 3 × 106 and 0.6 × 106 waves, respectively.
Application of Two Spatial Verification Methods to Ensemble Forecasts of Low-Level Rotation
Authors: Skinner Patrick S. , Wicker Louis J. , Wheatley Dustan M. , Knopfmeier Kent H.
Published: February 2016

Two spatial verification methods are applied to ensemble forecasts of low-level rotation in supercells: a four-dimensional, object-based matching algorithm and the displacement and amplitude score (DAS) based on optical flow. Ensemble forecasts of low-level rotation produced using the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) Experimental Warn-on-Forecast System are verified against WSR-88D single-Doppler azimuthal wind shear values interpolated to the model grid. Verification techniques are demonstrated using four 60-min forecasts issued at 15-min intervals in the hour preceding development of the 20 May 2013 Moore, Oklahoma, tornado and compared to results from two additional forecasts of tornadic supercells occurring during the springs of 2013 and 2014.

The object-based verification technique and displacement component of DAS are found to reproduce subjectively determined forecast characteristics in successive forecasts for the 20 May 2013 event, as well as to discriminate in subjective forecast quality between different events. Ensemble-mean, object-based measures quantify spatial and temporal displacement, as well as storm motion biases in predicted low-level rotation in a manner consistent with subjective interpretation. Neither method produces useful measures of the intensity of low-level rotation, owing to deficiencies in the verification dataset and forecast resolution.
Edge conditions under a bearing load: Use of asymptotic solutions
Authors: Nowell Sarah C , Paynter Robert JH , Hills David A
Published: February 2016

This short article focuses on the nature of the tractions at the edge of a complete contact in the form of a sharp wedge on a flat surface. The possible states of stress, slip and separation are dependent on the wedge angle and the coefficient of friction. The requirement of remote loading is only that it holds the parts together. The choice of angle at the edge of a component will thus have consequences for behaviour or integrity in some cases.
Design of low dielectric constant polybenzoxazine nanocomposite using mesoporous mullite
Authors: Ilango K , Prabunathan P , Satheeshkumar E , Manohar P
Published: February 2016

In this present work, porous mullites (PM0–5) were synthesized through a template-assisted method using various weight percentages of pluronic (P-123). PM5 obtained using 10 wt% of P-123 was found to show maximum porosity (3.8 Å) and low dielectric constant value (2.4). PM5 was functionalized using glycidyl-terminated silane and denoted as FPM and various weight percentages of FPM were reinforced with polybenzoxazine (PBZ) matrix in order to develop FPM/PBZ nanocomposites. The thermal studies indicate that 1.5 wt% of FPM/PBZ nanocomposite showed improved thermal stability with 34% char yield at 800°C and 162°C as glass transition temperature. It also exhibits low dielectric constant (2.6) than that of the neat PBZ matrix and other FPM/PBZ nanocomposites. The microscopic analysis confirms the homogenous dispersion of FPM into the PBZ polymer that has a porous morphology. The results suggest that the as-synthesized mesoporous mullite with low dielectric constant ( k), synthesized via template-assisted method can be used as a reinforcement to decrease the dielectric constant of polymeric material, which is of industrial significance.
Hargreaves’ “open-earedness”: A critical discussion and new approach on the concept of musical tolerance and curiosity
Authors: Louven Christoph
Published: February 2016

This study offers a critical discussion of the term “open-earedness”, which David Hargreaves introduced in 1982. Despite the lack of an exact definition, the term has been used as a theoretical basis for numerous studies in recent years. We show that such an ambiguous term might lead to conceptual and methodological inconsistencies in scientific contexts, which in turn calls into question the validity of any results that have been published as a result. Therefore, based on the semantic discussion of recent circumscriptions of “open-earedness” as “musical tolerance” and “curiosity”, we develop a consistent definition and methodological operationalization, and propose the Osnabrück Open-Earedness Index (OOI) as a measure of open-earedness. Lastly, we introduce a few basic empirical findings based on this new approach.
“I Do Not Really Belong Out There Anymore”
Authors: Lian Olaug S. , Lorem Geir Fagerjord
Published: February 2016

In this article, we explore relations between health, being, belonging and place through an interpretive thematic analysis of autobiographic text and photographs about the everyday lives of 10 women and men living with medically unexplained long-term fatigue in Norway. While interpreting their place-related illness experiences, we ask: How do they experience their being in the world, where do they experience a sense of belonging/not belonging, and why do places become places of belonging/not belonging? The participants describe experiences of (a) being socially detached and alienated, (b) being imprisoned, (c) being spectators who observe the world, and (d) senses of belonging. They describe senses of being and belonging/not belonging as closely attached to physical and symbolic aspects of places in which they reside, and they wistfully reflect on the question of “why.” The study illustrates the influence of experienced place—material as well as immaterial—on health and illness.
Evidence-Based Development and Rationale for Once-Daily Rivaroxaban Dosing Regimens Across Multiple Indications
Authors: Kubitza Dagmar , Berkowitz Scott D. , Misselwitz Frank
Published: February 2016

Background:

Rivaroxaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor, has been developed to meet clinical needs in a broad range of indications in adults: prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective hip or knee replacement surgery, treatment and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism, prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation having one or more risk factors, and in Europe, prevention of atherothrombotic events after an acute coronary syndrome in patients with elevated cardiac biomarkers. However, the precise dose and regimen vary with the indication, leading to this effort to provide clarity concerning the appropriate use of rivaroxaban. This article reviews the clinical development program for rivaroxaban and summarizes the evidence for each approved, indication-specific dose regimen.

Results:

Although initially investigated for twice-daily dosing, early observations, including the finding that the pharmacodynamic effects of rivaroxaban last longer than the elimination half-life, suggested that once-daily dosing might be attainable and effective. These observations were evaluated within the extensive phase II program, which, together with pharmacology studies, provides the evidence underpinning the selection of once-daily regimens for most, but not all, of the approved clinical indications for rivaroxaban.

Conclusion:

The evidence for each dosing regimen demonstrates that although pharmacology studies are of paramount importance, dose regimens must be subjected to careful empirical validation. Once-daily dosing was shown to be clinically appropriate for most rivaroxaban indications. Furthermore, a “one size fits all” approach to dosing frequency is unlikely to result in a regimen that yields optimal patient outcomes across different indications.
Effects of Media Exemplars on the Perception of Social Issues With Pre-Existing Beliefs
Authors: Yan Yan , Liu Jun
Published: February 2016

Exemplification studies usually examined the influence of media exemplars on people’s perceptions of fictional or controversial issues, but neglected the circumstances when people have prior beliefs. The present research tested the effects of media exemplars on people’s perceptions of Chengguan–vendor conflicts, a social issue with strong prior beliefs in China. The typical between-group exemplification effect was not evident; a relative, within-group exemplification effect was found; and a progressively decaying exemplification effect emerged. Yet, when evaluating belief/attitude formation and change beyond the media context, initial belief emerged as the most prominent and the only consistent predictor of subsequent perceptions.
Using a latent variable model with non-constant factor loadings to examine PM2.5 constituents related to secondary inorganic aerosols
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhen , O'Neill Marie S. , Sánchez Brisa N.
Published: February 2016

Factor analysis is a commonly used method of modelling correlated multivariate exposure data. Typically, the measurement model is assumed to have constant factor loadings. However, from our preliminary analyses of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) PM2.5 fine speciation data, we have observed that the factor loadings for four constituents change considerably in stratified analyses. Since invariance of factor loadings is a prerequisite for valid comparison of the underlying latent variables, we propose a factor model that includes non-constant factor loadings that change over time and space using P-spline penalized with the generalized cross-validation (GCV) criterion. The model is implemented using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm and we select the multiple spline smoothing parameters by minimizing the GCV criterion with Newton's method during each iteration of the EM algorithm. The algorithm is applied to a one-factor model that includes four constituents. Through bootstrap confidence bands, we find that the factor loading for total nitrate changes across seasons and geographic regions.
De novo lipogenesis is suppressed during fasting but upregulated at population decline in cyclic voles
Authors: Nieminen Petteri , Rouvinen-Watt Kirsti , Harris Lora , Huitu Otso , Henttonen Heikki , Mustonen Anne-Mari
Published: February 2016

Arvicolines are susceptible to the development of fatty liver during short-term fasting. We examined the potential role of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) (i) in the development of fasting-induced fatty liver and (ii) during a population cycle by measuring the mRNA expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Laboratory voles ( Microtus oeconomus and Microtus arvalis) were fed or fasted for 12 or 18 h and their liver mRNA levels were determined. Both species showed decreased mRNA expression of ACC1 and FAS during fasting. This suggests that DNL does not participate in the development of fatty liver in voles, different from human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In wild bank voles ( Myodes glareolus), the mRNA levels of the genes of interest were higher during the population decline compared to the increase phase. In conclusion, DNL was suppressed during acute fasting but upregulated during a long-term population decline—a period of purported scarcity of high-quality food.
Fatal arterial rupture during angioplasty of a flow diverter in a recurrent, previously Y-stented giant MCA bifurcation aneurysm
Authors: Gentric Jean-Christophe , Fahed Robert , Darsaut Tim E , Salazkin Igor , Roy Daniel , Raymond Jean
Published: February 2016

Background and purpose

A patient with a previously Y-stented giant left middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation aneurysm returned with a recurrence.

Materials and methods

A flow diverter (FD) was deployed through one limb of the high-porosity Y-stenting construction. The proximal FD failed to expand and an attempt at balloon angioplasty led to fatal rupture of the MCA.

Results

Autopsy demonstrated subarachnoid hemorrhage, vessel rupture and fracture of the proximal high-porosity stent. Microscopic photographs showed that the FD had failed to open because the guiding wire had inadvertently exited and re-entered the proximal segment of the high-porosity stent partially incorporated to the wall of the MCA. Balloon dilatation of the FD which had remained collapsed between the stent and the vessel wall caused fracture of the stent and rupture of the artery.

Conclusion

Angioplasty and flow-diversion of previously Y-stented aneurysms can lead to serious complications.
Fingolimod in the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: long-term experience and an update on the clinical evidence
Authors: Khatri Bhupendra O.
Published: February 2016

Since the approval in 2010 of fingolimod 0.5 mg (Gilenya; Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland) in the USA as an oral therapy for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, long-term clinical experience with this therapy has been increasing. This review provides a summary of the cumulative dataset from clinical trials and their extensions, plus postmarketing studies that contribute to characterizing the efficacy and safety profile of fingolimod in patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Data from the controlled, phase III, pivotal studies [FREEDOMS (FTY720 Research Evaluating Effects of Daily Oral therapy in Multiple Sclerosis), FREEDOMS II and TRANSFORMS (Trial Assessing Injectable Interferon versus FTY720 Oral in Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis)] in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis have shown that fingolimod has a robust effect on clinical and magnetic resonance imaging outcomes. The respective study extensions show that effects on annualized relapse rates are sustained with continued fingolimod treatment. Consistent, significant reductions in magnetic resonance imaging lesion counts and brain volume loss have also been sustained with long-term treatment. The safety profile of fingolimod is also examined, particularly in light of its long-term use. A summary of the adverse events of interest that are associated with fingolimod treatment and associated label guidelines are also considered, which include cardiac effects following first-dose administration, infections, lymphopenia, macular edema and pregnancy. Historic hurdles to the prescription of fingolimod and how these challenges are being met are also discussed.
Skin tissue engineering advances in severe burns: review and therapeutic applications
Authors: Chua Alvin Wen Choong , Khoo Yik Cheong , Tan Bien Keem , Tan Kok Chai , Foo Chee Liam , Chong Si Jack
Published: February 2016

Current advances in basic stem cell research and tissue engineering augur well for the development of improved cultured skin tissue substitutes: a class of products that is still fraught with limitations for clinical use. Although the ability to grow autologous keratinocytes in-vitro from a small skin biopsy into sheets of stratified epithelium (within 3 to 4 weeks) helped alleviate the problem of insufficient donor site for extensive burn, many burn units still have to grapple with insufficient skin allografts which are used as intermediate wound coverage after burn excision. Alternatives offered by tissue-engineered skin dermal replacements to meet emergency demand have been used fairly successfully. Despite the availability of these commercial products, they all suffer from the same problems of extremely high cost, sub-normal skin microstructure and inconsistent engraftment, especially in full thickness burns. Clinical practice for severe burn treatment has since evolved to incorporate these tissue-engineered skin substitutes, usually as an adjunct to speed up epithelization for wound closure and/or to improve quality of life by improving the functional and cosmetic results long-term. This review seeks to bring the reader through the beginnings of skin tissue engineering, the utilization of some of the key products developed for the treatment of severe burns and the hope of harnessing stem cells to improve on current practice.
New perspectives of volemic resuscitation in polytrauma patients: a review
Authors: Bedreag Ovidiu Horea , Papurica Marius , Rogobete Alexandru Florin , Sarandan Mirela , Cradigati Carmen Alina , Vernic Corina , Dumbuleu Corina Maria , Nartita Radu , Sandesc Dorel
Published: February 2016

Nowadays, fluid resuscitation of multiple trauma patients is still a challenging therapy. Existing therapies for volume replacement in severe haemorrhagic shock can lead to adverse reactions that may be fatal for the patient. Patients presenting with multiple trauma often develop hemorrhagic shock, which triggers a series of metabolic, physiological and cellular dysfunction. These disorders combined, lead to complications that significantly decrease survival rate in this subset of patients. Volume and electrolyte resuscitation is challenging due to many factors that overlap. Poor management can lead to post-resuscitation systemic inflammation causing multiple organ failure and ultimately death. In literature, there is no exact formula for this purpose, and opinions are divided. This paper presents a review of modern techniques and current studies regarding the management of fluid resuscitation in trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock. According to the literature and from clinical experience, all aspects regarding post-resuscitation period need to be considered. Also, for every case in particular, emergency therapy management needs to be rigorously respected considering all physiological, biochemical and biological parameters.
Risk of depressive disorder following disasters and military deployment: systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Bonde J. P. , Utzon-Frank N. , Bertelsen M. , Borritz M. , Eller N. H. , Nordentoft M. , Olesen K. , Rod N. H. , Rugulies R.
Published: February 2016

Background

Numerous studies describe the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters, but less is known about the risk of major depression.

Aims

To review the risk of depressive disorder in people surviving disasters and in soldiers returning from military deployment.

Method

A systematic literature search combined with reference screening identified 23 controlled epidemiological studies. We used random effects models to compute pooled odds ratios (ORs).

Results

The average OR was significantly elevated following all types of exposures: natural disaster OR = 2.28 (95% CI 1.30–3.98), technological disaster OR = 1.44 (95% CI 1.21–1.70), terrorist acts OR = 1.80 (95% CI 1.38–2.34) and military combat OR = 1.60 (95% CI 1.09–2.35). In a subset of ten high-quality studies OR was 1.41 (95% CI 1.06–1.87).

Conclusions

Disasters and combat experience substantially increase the risk of depression. Whether psychological trauma per se or bereavement is on the causal path is unresolved.
Maternal Plasma DHA Levels Increase Prior to 29 Days Post-LH Surge in Women Undergoing Frozen Embryo Transfer: A Prospective, Observational Study of Human Pregnancy
Authors: Meyer Barbara J. , Onyiaodike Christopher C. , Brown E. Ann , Jordan Fiona , Murray Heather , Nibbs Robert J. B. , Sattar Naveed , Lyall Helen , Nelson Scott M. , Freeman Dilys J.
Published: February 2016

Context:

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an important fatty acid required for neurological development but its importance during early fetal neurological organogenesis is unknown.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess plasma fatty acid changes in early pregnancy in women undergoing natural cycle-frozen embryo transfer as a means of achieving accurately timed periconceptual sampling.

Design:

Women undergoing frozen embryo transfer were recruited and serial fasting blood samples were taken pre-luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, and at 18, 29, and 45 d post-LH surge and fatty acids were analyzed using gas chromatography.

Setting:

This study took place at the Assisted Conception Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Scotland.

Main Outcome Measures:

Plasma fatty acid concentrations and influence of twin pregnancies on DHA plasma concentration were measured.

Results:

In pregnant women, there was a rapid, early increase in the maternal rate of change of plasma DHA concentration observed by 29 d post-LH surge (mean ± SD, from 0.1 ± 1.3 to 1.6 ± 2.9 nmol DHA per mL plasma per day). This early pressure to increase plasma DHA concentration was further emphasized in twin pregnancies where the increase in DHA concentration over 45 d was 2-fold higher than in singleton pregnancies (mean ± SD increase, 74 ± 39 nmol/mL vs 36 ± 40 nmol/mL). An index of delta-6 desaturase activity increased 30% and positively correlated with the rate of change of DHA concentration between 18 and 29 d post-LH surge (R2 adjusted = 41%; P = .0002). DHA was the only fatty acid with a continual accelerated increase in plasma concentration and a positive incremental area under the curve (mean ± SD, 632 ± 911 nmol/mL × d) during the first 45 d of gestation.

Conclusions:

An increase in maternal plasma DHA concentration is initiated in human pregnancy prior to neural tube closure which occurs at 28 d gestation.
As Constituições Estaduais e sua Adaptação à Carta Federal
Authors: Tácito Caio
Published: February 2016

Tendências características da Constituição de 1967. Relações entre a União e os Estados. Fortalecimento do Poder Executivo. Competência legislativa da União. A moldagem das Constituições estaduais. Processo legislativo. Elaboração orçamentária. Evolução do Federalismo. O Decreto-lei n.º 216, de 27 de fevereiro de 1967 e a adaptação das Constituições estaduais. Conclusão.
A Crise do Estado de Direito e a Nova Constituição do Brasil
Authors: Cotrim Neto A. B.
Published: February 2016

Antecedentes históricos. As Constituições dos séculos XVIII e XIX. A realização do Estado de direito. Instituição e política. Direito e poder. Agonia do Estado representativo parlamentar. A doutrina Italiana e Alemã. O Estado social. A Constituição francesa de 1958. A Constituição do Brasil de 1967. O processo legislativo. Conclusão.
A Cláusula de Repercussão Geral e o Diálogo Constitucional entre os Poderes
Authors: Saadi Bernardo de Vilhena
Published: February 2016

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Propriedade Urbana no Ordenamento Brasileiro
Authors: Cardoso Fernanda Lousada
Published: February 2016

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Controvérsia entre Lei Complementar e Lei Ordinária: um estudo com base na anômala técnica legislativa do art. 86 do Estatuto Nacional da Microempresa e Empresa de Pequeno Porte
Authors: Nohara Irene Patrícia
Published: February 2016

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Regularização Fundiária: Direito Fundamental na Política Urbana
Authors: Carvalho Filho José dos Santos
Published: February 2016

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Solução de Litígios pela Administração Pública sem Intervenção do Judiciário
Authors: Davi Kaline Ferreira
Published: February 2016

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Apontamentos sobre as funções estatais
Authors: Freire André Luiz
Published: February 2016

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Resistências à Gerencialização da Administração Pública: Comentários sobre as Leis Estaduais 15.340/06-PR e 15.608/07-PR
Authors: Guandalini Junior Walter
Published: February 2016

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Breve Nota Sobre a Moralidade e o Direito Moderno
Authors: Grau Eros Roberto
Published: February 2016

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Consequencialismo Jurídico, Racionalidade Decisória e Malandragem
Authors: Schuartz Luis Fernando
Published: February 2016

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Comentários à ADI nº 3.378 - Redução da Discricionariedade Administrativa por meio de Previsibilidade Técnica
Authors: Guerra Sérgio
Published: February 2016

Supremo Tribunal Federal. Direitos autorais reservados a outra Editora Atlas. Consulte este artigo na Biblioteca.