bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat-flow parameters affecting microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Cu and Al–Ni alloys in directional solidification: an experimental comparative study
Authors: Júnior Paulo Felipe , de Olivé Ferreira Leonardo , Garção Wysllan Jefferson Lima , de Paula Almeida Rangel , Melo Camilla Mota , Ferreira Alexandre Furtado
Published: February 2022

A comparative analysis was carried out of the alloys examined, using the results found for thermal variables, macrostructure, dendrite arm spacing, modulus of elasticity and microhardness. Comparing all the results for variables, a predominance was found of higher values for the Al-5.0 wt.% Cu alloy in relation to those for the Al-5.0 wt.% Ni alloy. Although structural transition has occurred in both alloys, the columnar–equiaxed transition position in castings was not altered during the solidification experiments. Addition of Ni solute into pure aluminum favors a significant decrease in tertiary dendrite spacing, while Cu addition leads to a coarser microstructure. Primary dendrite arm spacing, also, was measured along the castings of both alloys. Theoretical approaches such as the well-known Hunt–Lu, Bouchard–Kirkaldy, and Kurz–Fisher models were used to determine quantitatively this particular microstructural parameter. Good agreement was observed between experimental data and predictions by Hunt–Lu and Bouchard–Kirkaldy models, which assume solidification under a transient heat-flow condition. Finally, empirical equations relating tertiary dendritic arm spacing and mechanical properties to the scale of the dendritic microstructure have been proposed. While no relationship was observed between modulus of elasticity and tertiary dendritic arm spacing, addition of Cu into pure aluminum as an alloying element favored a reduction in the average value of modulus of elasticity when compared with those observed for the Al–Ni alloy. It was found that the microhardness decreases with increasing tertiary dendritic arm spacings. On the other hand, solute addition of Cu into commercially pure aluminum favors a microhardness higher than that verified during upward unidirectional solidification of the Al-5.0 wt.% Ni alloy.
First record of the lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros (Borkhausen, 1797), in Libya and potential distribution in North Africa
Authors: Bendjeddou Mohammed Lamine , Bouam Idriss , Aulagnier Stéphane , Abdelaziz Seif E. , Etayeb Khaled , Mihalca Andrei Daniel , Sándor Attila D.
Published: February 2022

The lesser horseshoe bat has a broad distribution in warm temperate regions of Europe and Western Asia, and a patchy distribution in Africa. Common in the north-western part of North Africa, the species is missing more to the east. Hereby we report the first record in Libya, considerably extending its known geographic range. Additionally, we performed a species distribution modelling (SDM) analysis to explore its potential distribution in North Africa. The final SDM depicted a relatively well-known distribution and predicted that the suitable bioclimatic areas for this species are essentially found within the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome.
Solutions to a multi-phase model of sea ice growth
Authors: Tang Yangxin , Zheng Lin , Luan Liping
Published: February 2022

The multi-phase systems have found their applications in many fields. We shall apply this approach to investigate the multi-phase dynamics of sea ice growth. In this paper, the weak solution existence and uniqueness of parabolic differential equations are proved. Then large-time behavior of solutions is studied, and also the existence of the global attractor is proved. The key tool in this article is the energy method. Our existence proof is only in one dimension.
A study of minimax shrinkage estimators dominating the James-Stein estimator under the balanced loss function
Authors: Benkhaled Abdelkader , Hamdaoui Abdenour , Almutiry Waleed , Alshahrani Mohammed , Terbeche Mekki
Published: February 2022

One of the most common challenges in multivariate statistical analysis is estimating the mean parameters. A well-known approach of estimating the mean parameters is the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). However, the MLE becomes inefficient in the case of having large-dimensional parameter space. A popular estimator that tackles this issue is the James-Stein estimator. Therefore, we aim to use the shrinkage method based on the balanced loss function to construct estimators for the mean parameters of the multivariate normal (MVN) distribution that dominates both the MLE and James-Stein estimators. Two classes of shrinkage estimators have been established that generalized the James-Stein estimator. We study their domination and minimaxity properties to the MLE and their performances to the James-Stein estimators. The efficiency of the proposed estimators is explored through simulation studies.
A random von Neumann theorem for uniformly distributed sequences of partitions
Authors: Carbone Ingrid
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we prove a theorem that confirms, under a supplementary condition, a conjecture concerning random permutations of sequences of partitions of the unit interval.
Quercitrin protects human bronchial epithelial cells from oxidative damage
Authors: Yu Dan , Wang Fan , Ye Shuming , Yang Shuo , Yu Ning , Zhou Xinyan , Zhang Nian
Published: February 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is mainly caused by cigarette smoking (CS), with oxidative stress being one key component during its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of quercitrin (QE) on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and its underlying mechanism. HBECs were treated with 2% CSE for 24 h to establish in vitro COPD cellular models. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis were performed to evaluate cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Western blotting was applied to examine protein levels and ELISA kits were used to examine contents of the indicated oxidant/antioxidant markers. The results demonstrated that CSE promoted apoptosis and suppressed viability of HBECs and QE reversed these effects. CSE caused increase in T-AOC, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase contents and decrease in MDA, reactive oxygen species , and GSH contents in HBECs, which were rescued by QE treatment. The CSE-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and elevation of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression were also reversed by QE in HBECs. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was activated by CSE and further suppressed by QE in HBECs. Collectively, QE exerts a protective role in HBECs against cell apoptosis and oxidative damage via inactivation of the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway and the MAPK/ERK pathway.
miR-29c-5p knockdown reduces inflammation and blood–brain barrier disruption by upregulating LRP6
Authors: Dai Qijun , Sun Jian , Dai Tianyi , Xu Qin , Ding Yueqin
Published: February 2022

Blood–brain barrier participates in the pathological process of ischemic stroke. MicroRNA-29c-5p was highly expressed in clinical samples from patients with ischemic stroke. In this study, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) treatment of astrocytes enhanced the permeability of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), and the miR-29c-5p expression was elevated in clinical samples from patients with ischemic stroke. For the function of miR-29c-5p in ischemic stroke, the miR-29c-5p knockdown decreased the permeability and the tight junction protein (TJP) destruction of BMECs and ameliorated the inflammation induced by OGD-treated astrocytes. Mechanistically, miR-29c-5p interacted with lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) and negatively regulated the LRP6 expression in astrocytes. Moreover, the rescue assays indicated that the interference with miR-29c-5p ameliorated the TJP destruction of BMECs and inflammation caused by OGD-treated astrocytes by increasing the LRP6 expression. Together, miR-29c-5p knockdown decreased the high permeability and the TJP destruction of BMECs and ameliorated the inflammation induced by OGD-treated astrocytes by elevating LRP6 expression.
Familism and HIV Risk Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Taiwan: The Mediating Roles of Stressful Life Events and Coping Strategies
Authors: Chuang Deng-Min , Newman Peter A. , Fang Lin , Lai Meng-Chuan
Published: February 2022

Familism may play an important role in HIV risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) living in a collectivist culture. This study examined a hypothesized path from familism, stressful life events (i.e., adverse childhood experiences, intimate partner violence, and sexuality-related discriminatory experiences), and coping strategies to condomless anal sex (CAS) among Taiwanese MSM. Participants were 1,000 MSM (mean age = 28.5 years) recruited through five community-based organizations. Structural equation modeling using bootstrapping with 3,000 iterations evaluated the mediating effects of 14 coping strategies. We found a pathway from familism to CAS through stressful life events and substance use coping. The protective effects of familism on stressful life events and CAS suggest that integrating components of family support and family connection into HIV prevention and education programs may increase the effectiveness of these programs in reducing HIV risk behaviors and dysfunctional coping strategies among MSM in Taiwan.
A Progressive Build-up of Perineuronal Nets in the Somatosensory Cortex Is Associated with the Development of Chronic Pain in Mice
Authors: Mascio Giada , Notartomaso Serena , Martinello Katiuscia , Liberatore Francesca , Bucci Domenico , Imbriglio Tiziana , Cannella Milena , Antenucci Nico , Scarselli Pamela , Lattanzi Roberta , Bruno Valeria , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Fucile Sergio , Battaglia Giuseppe
Published: February 2022

Chronic pain is sustained by a maladaptive form of neuronal plasticity occurring in all stations of the pain neuraxis, including cortical regions of the pain matrix. We report that chronic inflammatory pain induced by unilateral injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in the hindpaw of male mice was associated with a progressive build-up of perineuronal nets (PNNs) in the contralateral somatosensory cortex (SSC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and reticular thalamic nucleus. In the SSC, the density of PNNs labeled by Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) was increased at both 3 and 7 d following CFA injection, but only after 7 d in the mPFC. The number of parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons enwrapped by WFA+/PNNs was also increased in all three brain regions of mice injected with CFA. Remarkably, PNN degradation induced by intracortical infusion of chondroitinase-ABC significantly reduced mechanical and thermal pain, and also reversed the increased frequency of IPSCs recorded in layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the contralateral SSC in CFA-injected mice. These findings suggest a possible relationship between cortical PNNs and nociceptive sensitization, and support the hypothesis that PNNs maintain their plasticity in the adult life and regulate cortical responses to sensory inputs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe brain extracellular matrix not only provides structural support, but also regulates synapse formation and function, and modulates neuronal excitability. We found that chronic inflammatory pain in mice enhances the density of perineuronal nets (PNNs) in the somatosensory cortex and medial prefrontal cortex. Remarkably, enzymatic degradation of PNNs in the somatosensory cortex caused analgesia and reversed alterations of inhibitory synaptic transmission associated with chronic pain. These findings disclose a novel mechanism of nociceptive sensitization and support a role for PNNs in mechanisms of neuronal plasticity in the adult brain.
Efek Rebusan Sereh (Cymbopogon citratus) Terhadap Respon Stress Oksidatif Pada Tikus Wistar Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) Diabetes
Authors: Widaryanti Barinta , Khikmah Nur , Sulistyani Nunung
Published: February 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with hyperglycemia. The amount of diabetic patients in Indonesia will increase rapidly without suitable treatment.  High level of blood glucose will trigger oxidative stress. The objective of this research wa to investigate the effect of lemongrass on oxidative stress response that was indicated by serum and hepatic Total antioxidant capacity and Malondialdehyde level. Thirty male wistar rat were divided into five groups. K1 was a normal group, K2 was a normal group with lemongrass treatment, K3 was a diabetic group induced by a single dose of Streptozotocin at a concentration of 60 mg/kg body weight, K4 was a diabetic group that was treated with glibenclamid at a concentration of 0.09 mg/200 gr body weight, while K5 was a diabetic group treated with lemongrass at a concentration of 3.6 ml/200 gr body weight. The result showed that lemongrass was able to reduce blood glucose levels, serum MDA and hepatic MDA levels and increased the level of total antioxidant status

 

Diabetes adlah kelainan metabolisme yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia. Jumlah penderita diabetes mellitus di Indonesia akan mengalami peningkatan jika tidak ada penanganan yang sesuai. Tinggi kadar glukosa darah dapat memicu terjadinya stress oksidatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian sereh terhadap respon stress oksidatif yang ditunjukan dengan kapasitas antioksidan total dan kadar malondialdehid. Tigapuluh ekor tikus wistar jantan dibagi menjadi lima kelompok. K1 adalah kelompok normal, K2 adalah kelompok normal dengan perlakuan sereh, K3 adalah kelompok diabetes yang diinduksi dengan streptozotocin 60 mg/kg berat badan single dose, K4 adalah kelompok diabetes yang diberi perlakuan dengan glibenklamid dengan dosis 0.09 mg/200 gr berat badan. Sedangkan K5 adalah kelompok diabetes yang dieri perlakuan dengan rebusan sereh dengan dosis 3.6 ml/200 gr berat badan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rebusan sereh mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah, konsetrasi malondialdehid serum dan hepar, serta meningkatkan total antioksidan status pada serum dan hepar.
MARCO INTERNACIONAL DE LA JUSTICIA PENAL JUVENIL
Authors: Gómez Barrera Alejandra Marlene
Published: February 2022

Debido a las disparidad en las legislaciones en torno al régimen jurídico de personas jóvenes menores de edad acusados, investigados, procesados y sentenciados por la comisión de un delito, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, a través de las Reglas mínimas para la Administración de justicia de menores, la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño, Reglas mínimas sobre medidas no privativas de libertad, las Directrices para la prevención de la delincuencia juvenil y las Reglas para la protección de menores privados de libertad ha establecido parámetros mínimos que sirven de base para que los estados parte creen y apliquen un sistema especializado, que garantice los derechos de las personas jóvenes menores de edad. Estos parámetros se complementan con las Observaciones Generales del Comité de los Derechos del Niño, la Convención Americana de los Derechos Humanos, así como los criterios de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.
MIGRACIONES INTERNACIONALES CON ROSTRO HUMANO: UNA REFLEXIÓN ÉTICA DEL FENÓMENO
Authors: Franco Gaviria Luis Horacio
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo central reconocer la condición humana del sujeto migrante, dándole voz para hablar desde su propia narrativa. Para ello nos focalizaremos en algunas nociones filosóficas como la libertad y la dignidad, centrándonos en el fenómeno humano lejos, por ahora, de las cifras que se han utilizado para estigmatizar las  migraciones internacionales. El análisis de algunos textos filosóficos  y la hermenéutica crítica, serán el eje Metodológico  que nos permitirá contextualizar y relacionar a la filosofía moral con las migraciones. Como resultado se espera dar cuenta de la importancia que tiene la filosofía moral en los estudios migratorios para la humanización de un fenómeno que no es ni una amenaza ni una oportunidad; es, ante todo, una realidad que invita a pensarnos en sociedades más dinámicas. Una de las conclusiones a la que llegaremos será que la intensificación de los flujos migratorios es resultado de la crisis social, económica y política de muchos estados y no de los migrantes que con sus pasos construyen el escenario para redefinir el concepto de ciudadanía y de derechos humanos.
JUSTICIA TRANSICIONAL PARA LA SUPERACIÓN DEL DILEMA COLOMBIANO
Authors: ARIAS HENAO DIANA PATRICIA , Idrobo-Velasco Jhon Alexander , Jaime Ruiz Edwin Diomedes
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo de reflexión tiene como objetivo analizar la justicia restaurativa desde la relación individuo-sociedad y dentro del proceso de paz específico con las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, Farc-Ep. Recorre sus antecedentes históricos hasta la consecución de una Justicia Especial para la Paz – JEP, como modelo de justicia transicional.  Con una metodología descriptiva que utiliza instrumentos cualitativos y comparativos de medición con otros procesos transicionales de justicia como el caso de Irlanda del Norte y Sudáfrica, se presentan resultados en materia de escenarios de construcción de paz. Se propone a la teoría política contemporánea como un marco de comprensión conceptual de la urgencia de un modelo de justicia que esté a la altura de las circunstancias y los tiempos colombianos.
ABUNDANCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROPLASTICS IN MARKET BIVALVE Aulacomya Atra (MYTILIDAE: BIVALVIA)
Authors: De-la-Torre Gabriel Enrique , Laura Rosa Pilar , Mendoza-Castilla Lisseth Meliza
Published: February 2022

Seafood contamination with microplastics is one major route for human intake. Shellfish are among the most important since most shellfish species are eaten fresh and entirely. The aim of the present study was to report the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in commercial bivalve Aulacomya atra sold in fisheries from three Peruvian provinces. Market surveys were carried out and standard microplastic extraction, observation, and analysis methods were conducted. The mean microplastic abundance in the three provinces was 0.56 ± 0.08 MP g-1. Lima, the most populated province in Peru, presented the highest concentration (1.04 ± 0.17 MP g-1). The majority of the microplastics were fiber/lines (58.8 %) and blue (40.5 %). The polymer identity of most fiber/lines was polyester, suggesting microfibers that shed from clothes during laundry may be one major source of contamination. Other identified polymers were polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). The annual dietary microplastic intake by the Peruvian population was estimated to be ~48.18 MP person-1 year-1 via A. atra consumption only, although values could vary depending on the region. The need for a better supply chain, handling conditions, and further research are discussed.
Reflexiones femeninas sobre el pensamiento económico latinoamericano de la CEPAL. Diálogos con Maria da Conceição Tavares.
Authors: Fernández Virginia Laura
Published: February 2022

Este artículo propone difundir algunas reflexiones sobre la contribución del pensamiento económico cepalino latinoamericano por medio del uso de la historia oral femenina, en la voz de Maria da Conceição Tavares, una de las economistas más destacadas mundialmente. La principal fuente, inédita, surge de una entrevista que Tavares otorgó a la autora, en mayo de 2019. La perspectiva de Tavares, referencia femenina en un entorno profesional marcadamente masculino, es cuestionada sobre tres aspectos: la principal contribución cepalina a la historia del pensamiento económico, el aporte de Tavares a dicho cuerpo teórico, y el principal desafío actual de las economías latinoamericanas. Además, se esbozan los principales elementos teóricos de este pensamiento: el sistema centro-periferia, el deterioro de los términos de intercambio y la heterogeneidad estructural, así como la discusión entre el dinamismo concentrador de Brasil propuesto por Tavares y Serra, y el estancamiento de Furtado. Finalmente, la autora reflexiona sobre las percepciones de las cuestiones de género que surgen de la entrevista.
Personal médico como factores asociados a la eficiencia hospitalaria en Chile
Authors: Barahona Urbina Planck , Barahona Droguett Manuel , López Labarca Claudio
Published: February 2022

Objetivo El Análisis Envolvente de Datos se ha convertido en una herramienta de gran ayuda para analizar la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos hospitalarios. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la eficiencia técnica para un conjunto de hospitales de la Red del Sistema Nacional de Salud de Chile para el período 2007-2016.
Método La metodología utilizada en el estudio es el análisis envolvente de datos DEA-CCR, conocido como rendimientos constantes a escala, y DEA-BCC, conocido como rendimientos variables a escala (orientación inputs). Como variables de entrada se utilizaron la cantidad de personal médico, dentistas, nutricionistas, enfermeras, kinesiólogos, matronas, técnicos, médicos y número de camas por millón de habitantes. Comovariables de salida se utilizaron los egresos hospitalarios.
Resultados Del análisis de eficiencia se encontró que los hospitales que resultaron ser técnicamente eficientes en todo el período fueron de las regiones de Antofagasta (100%), Metropolitana (100%) y ÓHiggins (100%). En concreto, se puede constatar que, en su conjunto, y bajo el primero de los supuestos, los hospitales de las distintas regiones del país deberían reducir sus inputs en un 11,3% para situarse en la frontera eficiente. Si se considera el supuesto de rendimientos variables a escala, los hospitales deberían reducir sus inputs en un 5,2% para situarse en la frontera eficiente.
Conclusiones Esta investigación podría contribuir a la mejora del quehacer hospitalario y a la toma de decisiones de las autoridades sanitarias en el uso de sus recursos.
Síndrome de burnout en el personal de enfermería en hospitales del departamento del Atlántico
Authors: De las salas Roxana , Díaz Agudelo Daniela , Serrano Meriño Dolores Vanessa , Ortega Pérez Stefany , Tuesca Molina Rafael , Gutiérrez López Carolina
Published: February 2022

Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout en el personal de enfermería en hospitales del Departamento del Atlántico (Colombia).

Materiales y Métodos Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo transversal, en 117 profesionales y 229 auxiliares de enfermería de cuatro hospitales del Departamento del Atlántico (Colombia), dos públicos y dos privados. Se empleó una encuesta anónima con datos sociodemográficos y la escala de Maslach.
Resultados La prevalencia global del síndrome de burnout o desgaste profesional fue de 65%. En profesionales de enfermería, fue de 63,2% y en auxiliares de enfermería, de 65,9%. El 13,3% de los participantes presentó un grado elevado de burnout para el cansancio emocional; el 9,2%, para la despersonalización; y el 62,7% obtuvo puntuaciones bajas para la realización personal. En los profesionales de enfermería, el 12,7% obtuvo una puntuación alta para cansancio emocional; 7,4% para despersonalización, y 64,2% obtuvo puntuaciones bajas para la realización personal. Por su parte, en los auxiliares de enfermería el comportamiento en algunas subescalas fue muy similar; el 14,5% obtuvo una puntuación alta para cansancio emocional; 12,8%, para despersonalización y 59,8% obtuvo puntuaciones bajas para la realización personal.
Conclusiones La presencia del síndrome de burnout en la población estudiada es alta. Es similar tanto en enfermeros como en auxiliares de enfermería. La dimensión más afectada fue la realización personal en ambos grupos estudiados, lo cual corresponde a sentimientos altos del “quemado”.
Refúgios do Eu paterno
Authors: Cabrera Isabel Ibarra
Published: February 2022

O objetivo da presente investigação foi o de analisar a preocupação de José Martí com a transmissão de saberes, fazeres e valores que deveriam fazer parte da formação feminina. O artigo analisa a escrita direcionada às “crianças de América” em La edad de Oro (1889) e busca identificar no projeto martiano de formação do “novo homem” a distinção entre uma educação para meninos e meninas. Mas será no acervo formado pelo conjunto de cartas pessoais dirigidas à Maria Mantilla e nos conselhos direcionados à filha que Martí se revela como um pai preocupado com a formação da mulher de elite ou da classe média, bem como o papel que essa mulher deveria desempenhar na sociedade decimonônica.
Three-dimensional printing of scaffolds for facial reconstruction
Authors: Zhou Yuxiao , Grayson Warren
Published: February 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) printing of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications has grown substantially in the past two decades. Unlike conventional autografts and allografts, 3D-printed scaffolds can satisfy the growing need for personalized bony reconstruction following massive craniofacial bone loss. Employing layer-by-layer manufacturing techniques, it is possible to produce patient-specific structures to rebuild complicated geometries for esthetic purposes and restore mechanical and respiratory functions. Here, we summarize the trends and current state-of-the-art studies in 3D-printing technologies for craniofacial bone reconstruction. We describe the design and development of the craniofacial scaffolds, including material choices, scaffold fabrication workflows, and the mechanical, structural, and biological considerations impacting scaffold application and function. Finally, we summarize the remaining hurdles and opportunities for growth to transition to the widespread clinical adoption of this technology.

Graphical abstract
Editorial from 1949 (Anonymous)
Authors: Pye Michael
Published: February 2022

As we pick up the story after the ending of global hostilities, it seems appropriate to take some account of the way in which these devastating events are themselves reflected in the content of the journal. The previously mentioned Editorial of May 1949 provides the link. Though unsigned, this Editorial bears all the marks of Suzuki Daisetsu’s authorship, and the fact that he published an article on “Buddhism and Education” in the same issue is significant.6 In this piece, originally a talk, Suzuki does not mince his words and distinguishes sharply between the character of Shintō and of Buddhism. He distances himself from Shintō by the use of the phrase “Japanese Shinto militarists”7 (p.41) but also regards a militaristic propensity as being fundamentally characteristic of Shintō.
Introduction
Authors: Pye Michael
Published: February 2022

In this chapter, the editor discusses the life and career of Beatrice Lane Suzuki as a Mahāyāna Buddhism expositor, as well as explaining the structure of this book.
Higashiyama Temples Today
Authors: Yamada Patricia
Published: February 2022

In this chapter, the author illustrates the beauty of the Higashiyama Temples in the past and today. To do so she reveals the history of the place where they are settled and, therefore, the temples.
Shinran’s World: A Dialogue of Shin Buddhism and Zen Buddhism (1961: published in three parts in 1985, 1986 and 1988)
Authors: Daiei Kaneko , Nishitani Keiji , Ryōjin Soga , Daisetsu Suzuki
Published: February 2022

Finally, we re-compact this period in the presentation of Shin Buddhism by taking a step backwards in time to take note of the interaction with Zen Buddhism. This area is explored in a robust dialogue between Suzuki Daisetsu, Kaneko Daiei, Soga Ryōjin 曽我量深 (1875–1971) and Nishitani Keiji 西谷啓治 (1900–1990), all resident in Kyōto at that time. Though not published until 1985, 1986 and 1988, in three parts, the meetings between these Buddhist thinkers had of course taken place shortly before Suzuki died in 1966. The participants are all major figures in the philosophically religious explorations of Buddhism in the wider context of modern thought. Soga Ryōjin was one of the leading intellectuals of the Shin Buddhist tradition in his day. Nishitani Keiji is well known as a representative figure of the “Kyōto School,” a loose designation for that influential stream of intellectual consciousness which spanned religious denominations and universities alike in the city of Kyōto. This chapter is dedicated to analyse the dialogue of four of the most eminent Japanese Buddhist thinkers of this century, who gathered on Mount Hiei for a three-day dialogue on Shin Buddhism.
Fudō the Immovable
Authors: Suzuki Beatrice Lane
Published: February 2022

This chapter discusses one of the most popular gods (or symbolical beings) of Buddhism in Japan known as “Vidyārājas”, Fudō the Immovable, i.e. Fudō Myōō 不動明王, meaning Bright King Fudō (known in Sanskrit as Acala).
On Steadfast Holding to the Name
Authors: Shōnin Kakunyo
Published: February 2022

This chapter analyses the translation of the short treatise known as the Shūjishō 執持抄 is a compilation by Kakunyo of Shinran’s sayings on Shin teaching. In the title, shūji has the literal meaning of “steadily holding to” or “holding on” while shō means “treatise.”
Buddhism and Moral World Order
Authors: Ryohon Kiba
Published: February 2022

The author gave this address at a meeting of the Religioser Menscheitsbund which took place near Berlin in August 1922. That group was founded in 1921 by Rudolf Otto. This article was translated for The Eastern Buddhist from a German text which appeared in the second report of the association.
A Little Lipstick Goes a Long Way: Chit-chatting with Women in the Rāmāyaṇa and Mahābhārata
Authors: Sivakumar Deeksha
Published: February 2022

Often times the word cosmetic connotes a superficial beautification of appearance. Once applied, mineral makeup can mask imperfections and make you more attractive. My analysis of two conversations that occur in Valmiki’s Rāmāyaṇa and the Mahābhārata, will contend that cosmetics in the Hindu textual world appear hardly cosmetic, going skin-deep. Makeup techniques and the appropriate unguents and minerals are usually guarded and shared in confidence. In the Mahābhārata’s Virāṭaparvan, Satyabhama, competing for Krishna's attention with his many lovers, approaches Draupadi for advice on these womanly matters. In a confidential exchange Draupadi tells Satyabhama that the key to managing the attention of all five Pānḍava brothers is to “worship your husband wearing your costly flowers and jewels and makeup and scents.” The potential of learning a good makeup trick or two is a real asset for a woman, helping her acquire and keep her partner, or as Draupadi suggested, ensuring your husband’s affection and obedience. A youthful complexion is also cultivated by employing age-defying creams. In Valmiki’s Rāmāyaṇa, an older wife Anasuya gives the new bride Sita a special ointment to preserve eternal beauty, initiating her to cosmetics and their application. In my interpretation minerals are pivotal to arranging and maintaining personal and social relationships between a man and his wife. The sensorial experiences of mineral makeup -- through implication -- render Rama and the five Pānḍavas as connoisseurs aroused by well adorned women, and attractable through makeup. Mineral cosmetics and adorning one's self with makeup is hardly manipulative, but rather positively transforms marital relationships.
Nancy Gonlin and April Nowell, Archaeology of the Night: Life after Dark in the Ancient World
Authors: O’Donnell Ingrid
Published: February 2022

Nancy Gonlin and April Nowell, Archaeology of the Night: Life after Dark in the Ancient World Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2018. e-book, 412 pp. ISBN 9781607326786. £20.35.
Innowacyjność regionów w Polsce – stan i uwarunkowania
Authors:   dr, Katedra Ekonomiki i Zarządzania, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Kaliszczak Lidia , Rabiej Ewelina ,   dr, Katedra Finansów i Rachunkowości, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study was to assess the diversification of the degree of innovation in the Polish regions. For the analysis 21 partial indicators were used, these were grouped into four areas describing the level of innovation in each region (framework conditions, investments, innovative activities, influence). The data was taken from the European Innovation Scoreboard 2021. Hellwig’s development pattern method was used in the research. A ranking was created based on the synthetic variable, and typological groups of regions were extracted with a similar development level in each of the assessed areas. The results obtained from organizing and classifying individual voivodeships showed the distance between individual voivodeships with regard to the examined criteria, and allowed for the creation of a qualitative and quantitative description of the existing disproportions. The most innovative region in Poland is the statistically separate Warsaw capital district. At the same time, the difference between the rest of the Mazowiecki region and its capital is clearly visible, as well as the necessity to further concentrate European Union resources there in order to stimulate the development of the region. Among the leaders of innovation, apart from the Warsaw district, are the Małopolski, Pomorski, and Dolnośląski regions. The Podkarpacki region holds a relatively high position in the areas of investment, innovative activities and influence (concerning employment, selling innovative products and sustainable development), and is situated to the second (II) group. On the other hand its weakness include its framework conditions (human capital, attractive research systems and digitalization). The lowest level of innovation was recorded in the aforementioned Mazowieckie region (excluding Warsaw), and in the Świętokrzyski, Zachodniopomorski, and Warmiński-mazurski regions. Each voivodeship is distinguished by its specificity, hence the obtained results may constitute important indicators for local governments to adopt courses of action to stimulate the process of building regional innovation systems.
Das epistemologias do Sul a um novo Ethos Sulista: comunidades tradicionais e responsabilidade ambiental
Authors: Oliveira Jelson R. de
Published: February 2022

RESUMO: Pretende-se, com este artigo, analisar como a noção de epistemologias do Sul possibilita pensar também em um ethos sulista, no sentido de que a crise ambiental que assola a civilização tecnológica, crescida sob os auspícios do saber científico moderno, acabou por levar ao maior impasse ético da história humana, aquele que põe em xeque a própria possibilidade de sua existência no futuro. Dessa forma, almeja-se analisar como as comunidades tradicionais representam a concretização fática daquilo que o filósofo alemão Hans Jonas descreveu, em sua proposta de uma ética para a civilização tecnológica: um tipo de vida baseado na frugalidade e na temperança, diante da emergência da crise climática e da urgência de uma nova ética amparada na responsabilidade.
Experimental quantification of 3D deformations in sensitive clay during stress-probing
Authors: Birmpilis Georgios , Andò Edward , Stamati Olga , Hall Stephen A. , Gerolymatou Eleni , Dijkstra Jelke
Published: February 2022

Unique four-dimensional (4D) deformation data are collected during drained triaxial tests on intact specimens of a natural sensitive clay. This requires the development of a miniature triaxial cell for advanced stress path testing, specifically designed for X-ray computed tomography. Salient features include the omission of a membrane, and a mounting procedure that minimises disturbance by the experimenter. Three distinct drained stress ratios are studied for pseudo-isotropic, K0, and highly deviatoric loading paths. The results indicate that the K0path shows the most uniform deformation mechanism, where the measured ratio of deviatoric and volumetric strain increments reach the stress ratio applied at boundary value level for large magnitudes of total strain. The pseudo-isotropic test also reaches a strain ratio close to η at large total strain levels; however, the deformation field is less uniform. Furthermore, the highly deviatoric stress path shows the most heterogeneous deformation fields commensurate with the applied stress ratio, although the ratio of deviatoric and volumetric strain increments falls above the η applied. The mean value of the three-dimensional spatial fields of strain corresponds well with the changes observed at boundary level, supporting prior research on drained stress-probing on clays for which there are no 4D deformation data available.
Response of a model footing reinforced by novel three-dimensional elements
Authors: Moghaddas Tafreshi S. N. , Karami N. , Rahimi M. , Dawson A. R.
Published: February 2022

In this study, a new three-dimensional (3D) reinforcement element, comprising a horizontal ring connected to vertical legs, is introduced. A series of 1g laboratory-scale tests was conducted on a circular footing that rested on a sand bed containing planar or new 3D reinforcements. The effects of depth of the first layer, reinforcement configuration number and spacing of layers are reported. Tests were performed on discrete or contiguously attached elements. The new 3D elements were examined with either upward- or downward-facing legs. An improvement of about 16% was achieved by the upward-legged contiguous 3D elements over the performance delivered by planar contiguous elements. Also, the results show that the vertical legs are capable of exerting passive forces on the soil and increasing the stiffness and bearing capacity of the composite system, but the contributory effect is more pronounced for the upward-leg configuration. Finally, 17 and 26% improvements were achieved, respectively, for two planar and two 3D-reinforcement layers when compared with that of a single layer. The concept of planar reinforcement connected to vertical legs, could be adapted for developing a more efficient generation of reinforcement, such as geogrids with vertical ‘legs’, to take advantage of the passive resistance generated by ‘legs’.
Bier Spots on the Face: The First Case Report
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, Eskisehir Military Hospital, 26020, Eskisehir, Turkey, Yildiz Hamza , Saman Huseyin ,   Department of Dermatology, Isparta Military Hospital, 32020, Isparta, Turkey
Published: February 2022

Bier Spots are small, light, irregular, hypopigmented and transient macules, usually found on the upper and lower extremities of young adults, in which the intervening skin may seem ertyhematous but blanches with pressure so that these light macules disappear. This is a benign physiologic vascular anomaly of no clinical significance. We present, the case of a 33-year-old man with Bier spots on face associated with insomnia, alopecia areata, epilepsy, and deep venous thrombosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report that presented with Bier spots on the face
Actinic Lichen Nitidus with Dermoscopic Features, and Response to Hydroxychloroquine
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavrepalanchok, Nepal, Shrestha Smriti , Mishra Aditi ,   Department of Dermatology, School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavrepalanchok, Nepal
Published: February 2022

Lichen nitidus (LN) is an entity of unknown etiology, with typical morphology and histology. Actinic lichen nitidus (ALN) is rare. It presents as typical lesions of LN in photodistribution, with classical histology. Dermoscopic findings in LN has been documented in very few cases in literature. We present a case of ALN with koebnerization, characteristic histology and dermoscopic features. Dermoscopy revealed round, bluish white streaks in “fern leaf ” pattern in the background of brownish reticular network. Our patient responded well to hydroxychloroquine and photoprotection.
Medical Micro-Needling
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Private Practice, Dermatology OPD, Tripoli-Libya, P.O.BOX 3232, Libya, Elghblawi Ebtisam
Published: February 2022

Microneedles are a modestly invasive technique that gained mass popularity, and is utilized to break the top skin layer into tiny holes which self regenerate and rejuvenate the skin and facilitate the delivery of certain nutrients, proteins, drugs, antiageing, products and vitamins on the skin surface and underneath in the form of mesotherapy, being a form of controlled intradermal (transdermal drug absorption) applications. It has been an extensively researched topic in the field of cosmetology and aesthetic dermatology and has grabbed great attention all over the world. It stimulates elastin and collagen production through a controlled cascade of inflammation initiation, and then followed by production and remodeling of collagen and elastin the skin dermis. Eventually it helps in thickening of the skin, improving its texture and appearance and by combating skin aging process.
Arbeitsplatzmessungen: Messtechnische Ermittlung der inhalativen Belastungen gegenüber krebserzeugenden Stoffen am Arbeitsplatz
Authors:   Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA), Dortmund, Hebisch Ralph
Published: February 2022

Die inhalative Exposition der Beschäftigten bei Tätigkeiten mit Gefahrstoffen kann mit Arbeitsplatzmessungen ermittelt und beurteilt werden. Durch die in der TRGS 402 vereinheitlichte Vorgehensweise soll sichergestellt werden, dass vergleichbare Ergebnisse erzielt werden – unabhängig davon, wer die Arbeitsplatzmessungen durchführt. In dem Beitrag wird die Vorgehensweise bei Probenahme, Analytik und Beurteilung der Messergebnisse näher beschrieben.
Fünf Jahre Präventionsgesetz in Thüringen
Authors:   Landesvereinigung für Gesundheitsförderung Thüringen e.V. – AGETHUR, Weimar, Staats Martin , Maercker Uta
Published: February 2022

Das Gesetz zur Stärkung der Gesundheitsförderung und Krankheitsprävention (Präventionsgesetz, PrävG) ist am 17. 07. 2015 in Kraft getreten. Bereits zu diesem Zeitpunkt planten die Thüringer Akteure die strategische Umsetzung auf Landesebene in Verbindung mit einem landespolitischen Prozess, der Etablierung einer Landesgesundheitskonferenz. Einige Sitzungen waren erforderlich, bevor am 07. 04. 2016 die Landesrahmenvereinbarung Thüringen im Rahmen der Auftaktveranstaltung der Landesgesundheitskonferenz unterzeichnet wurde. Neben dem § 20f SGB V – Landesrahmenvereinbarung – hat das PrävG aber noch viele weitere Impulse für die Gesundheitsförderungs- und Krankheitspräventionslandschaft in Deutschland und damit auch für Thüringen gegeben. Einen Einblick darüber soll dieser Artikel bieten.
Passgenaues betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement – nichts leichter als das?
Authors:   Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lösch Regina , Fischmann Wolfgang ,   Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Drexler Hans ,   Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Published: February 2022

Um Firmennetzwerke mit gesundheitsförderlichen Maßnahmen auf Verhaltens- und Verhältnisebene zu unterstützen und den gesetzlichen Grundlagen zu entsprechen, wurden im Rahmen von Personalbefragungen die Bedarfe der Netzwerkfirmen im Modellprojekt „Gesund arbeiten in Thüringen“ erhoben. Der nachfolgende Artikel zeigt Möglichkeiten der Maßnahmenableitung auf Basis der Ergebnisse und erläutert Herausforderungen, die sich in der Praxis ergeben.
Hautkrebs durch UV-Strahlung – Zahlen zur Berufskrankheit
Authors:   Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV), Berlin, Krohn Steffen , Schneider Stephanie ,   Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV), Berlin
Published: February 2022

Seit dem 01.01.2015 können Plattenepithelkarzinome oder multiple aktinische Keratosen der Haut durch natürliche UV-Strahlung als Berufskrankheit (BK) Nr. 5103 der Berufskrankheitenliste anerkannt werden. Im Jahr 2018 wurden fast 10.000 Anzeigen auf Verdacht dieser Berufskrankheit gestellt. Betroffen sind Versicherte, die viel im Freien arbeiten („Outdoor-Worker“), wie Maurer, Straßenbauer und Dachdecker.
Sekundäre Individualprävention des berufsbedingten Handekzems
Authors:   Institut für interdisziplinäre Dermatologische Prävention und Rehabilitation (iDerm), Universität Osnabrück, Skudlik Christoph , Brans Richard
Published: February 2022

Kontaktekzeme der Hände zählen zu den häufigsten berufsbedingten Erkrankungen. Das persönliche Hautschutzverhalten, zum Beispiel die richtige Anwendung geeigneter Hautmittel und Schutzhandschuhe, trägt maßgeblich zur Wiederherstellung und Aufrechterhaltung der Hautgesundheit bei. Maßnahmen der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherungsträger zur sekundären Individualprävention des berufsbedingten Handekzems, insbesondere in Form einer entsprechenden Schulung und Beratung der Betroffenen, sind effektiv und können betriebsärztlich eingeleitet werden.
Arbeitsbedingte Kontaktekzeme
Authors:   Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der DGUV, Institut der Ruhr Universität Bochum (IPA), Fartasch Manigé
Published: February 2022

Arbeitsbedingte Hauterkrankungen stellen aufgrund ihrer Häufigkeit, Kosten, starken psychosozialen Belastungen sowie der nicht selten damit verbundenen Tätigkeitsaufgabe eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Um primär präventive Maßnahmen ergreifen zu können, ist es wichtig, die Entstehungsmechanismen von Hauterkrankungen, in diesem Fall den Kontaktekzemen, zu kennen.
Muskel-Skelett-Belastungen in der Reinigungsbranche
Authors:   Institut für Arbeitsschutz der DGUV (IFA), Sankt Augustin, Brütting Mark , Steindorf Kerstin ,   BG BAU – Berufsgenossenschaft der Bauwirtschaft, Berlin
Published: February 2022

Beschäftigte in der Gebäudereinigung sind teilweise sehr hohen körperlichen Belastungen ausgesetzt, was sich auch in den Statistiken zu AU-Tagen und Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen bei dieser Berufsgruppe niederschlägt. Ergonomisch gestaltete Arbeitsmittel können helfen, diese hohen Belastungen zu reduzieren. Diesbezüglich stand die manuelle Bodenreinigung im Fokus einer Laboruntersuchung des Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (IFA). Beauftragt durch die BG BAU wurden drei verschiedene Typen von Bodenwischerstielen auf deren belastungsreduzierende Wirkung hin untersucht.
Prüfung der Rutschhemmung von Bodenbelägen
Authors:   Institut für Arbeitsschutz der DGUV (IFA), Sankt Augustin, Mewes Olaf , Ceylan Orhan
Published: February 2022

Im Jahr 2017 ereigneten sich im gewerblichen und öffentlichen Bereich rund 169.000 meldepflichtige Unfälle durch Stolpern, Stürzen und Ausrutschen. Damit bilden, nach der Unfallstatistik der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung e.V. (DGUV) Stolper-, Rutsch- und Sturzunfälle (SRS-Unfälle) einen Schwerpunkt im Unfallgeschehen. Dies wird noch deutlicher, wenn man berücksichtigt, dass sich 25 Prozent aller meldepflichtigen Unfälle durch Stolpern, Rutschen und Stürzen ereignen. Dabei sind 58 Prozent der SRS-Unfälle auf einen zu glatten Fußboden zurückzuführen (Statistik – Arbeitsunfallgeschehen 2017).
Mikrobielle Belastung von Trinkwasserleitungen
Authors:   Singapore Centre for Life Science Engineering at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Leifels Mats , Temizel Selin ,   Stabstelle Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg
Published: February 2022

Trinkwasser ist das in Deutschland mit Abstand am strengsten regulierte und überwachte Gut, da mikrobiologische Kontaminationen gerade bei diesem essenziellen Nahrungsmittel katastrophale Folgen haben würden. Trotz der überwiegend guten Qualität des Wassers ist bekannt, dass das Leitungsnetz zwischen Produktion und Verbrauch von einer Vielzahl an Mikroorganismen besiedelt sein kann, die in einigen Fällen – und bei unzureichender Kontrolle – zu akuten oder chronischen Erkrankungen führen können. Daher ist nicht nur eine Qualitätsüberwachung im Wasserwerk, sondern auch beim Endverbraucher am Wasserhahn (insbesondere in klinischen beziehungsweise Pflegeinrichtungen) empfehlenswert.