bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vespidae (Hymenoptera) of the Pothwar region of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: SIDDIQUI JUNAID ALI , BODLAH IMRAN , CARPENTER JAMES M. , NAEEM MUHAMMAD , AHMAD MUNIR , BODLAH MUHAMMAD ADNAN
Published: January 2015

Six genera and nine species of Eumeninae (Eumenes punctatus de Saussure, E. papillarius (Christ), Delta dimidiatipenne (de Saussure), D. p. pyriforme (Fabricius), D. esuriens (Fabricius), Rhynchium brunneum (Fabricius), Anterhynchium abdominale (Illiger), Antepipona sibilans (Cameron), Allorhynchium argentatum (Fabricius)) , two genera and six species of Polistinae (Polistes wattii (Cameron), P. olivaceus (De Geer), P. rothneyi carletoni van der Vecht, P. indicus Stolfa), Ropalidia brevita Das & Gupta, R. cyathiformis (Fabricius), and one genus and four species of Vespinae (Vespa basalis Smith, V, orientalis Linnaeus, V, tropica (Linnaeus), V. velutina Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau) are recorded from Pothwar region. Eumenes punctatus and E. papillarius are newly recorded from Pakistan. An illustrated keys to subfamilies, genera and species are given.
Mesoconius Enderlein (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae) of Central America
Authors: MARSHALL S. A.
Published: January 2015

Mesoconius Enderlein, including Zelatractodes Enderlein new synonym, is revised for Central America with one described species (Mesoconius hemithorax Frey) and five new species (M. bicolor, M. dianthus, M. nigrihumeralis, M. tigrinus, and M. zadbi). The relatively large species of this entirely Neotropical genus, most of which are restricted to narrow high elevation ranges, lack the male genital fork that characterizes all other Taeniapterinae.
Integrated taxonomy of a new species of black fly in the subgenus Trichodagmia (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Páramo Region of Colombia
Authors: DIAZ SOFIA A. , MONCADA LIGIA I. , MURCIA CARLOS H. , LOTTA INGRID A. , MATTA NUBIA E. , ADLER PETER H.
Published: January 2015

A new species of simuliid from the Andean Mountains of Colombia is described on the basis of females, males, pupae, larvae, polytene chromosomes, and COI and ITS2 DNA sequences. Simulium (Trichodagmia) chimguazaense new species is structurally, chromosomally, and molecularly distinct from its nearest relatives, S. muiscorum Bueno, Moncada & Muñoz de Hoyos and S. sumapazense Coscarón & Py-Daniel.
Review of the millipede family Diplomaragnidae of Japan, with description of a new species and the restoration of the combination Diplomaragna hokkaidensis (Verhoeff, 1939) (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Diplomaragnidae)
Authors: MIKHALJOVA ELENA V. , KORSÓS ZOLTÁN
Published: January 2015

Diplomaragnidae are currently represented in Japan by ten species in three genera. One species is described here as new to science: Tokyosoma flexuosum sp. n. Maritimosoma hokkaidense (Verhoeff, 1939) is returned to Diplomaragna: Diplomaragna hokkaidensis (Verhoeff, 1939). The distributions of the Japanese species of Diplomaragnidae are mapped.
Two new species and new records of Liocanthydrus Guignot (Coleoptera, Noteridae) from Brazil
Authors: GUIMARÃES BRUNO AGUILAR CARRILHO , FERREIRA-JR NELSON
Published: January 2015

Two new species of Liocanthydrus Guignot, L. zanclus sp. nov. and L. mecespilus sp. nov., are described and illustrated from the Brazilian states of Goiás and Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, respectively. New records from Brazil are also provided: Liocanthydrus clayae (J. Balfour-Browne) from the state of Pará, L. bicolor (J. Balfour-Browne) from the states of Amazonas and Pará and L. uniformis (Zimmermann) from the states of Espírito Santo, Maranhão and Pará. The previous key of Liocanthydrus is modified to include the new species.
Evaluating Light Rain from Satellite- and Ground-Based Remote Sensing Data over the Subtropical North Atlantic
Authors: Burdanowitz Jörg , Nuijens Louise , Stevens Bjorn , Klepp Christian
Published: January 2015

Three state-of-the-art satellite climatologies are analyzed for their ability to observe light rain from predominantly shallow, warm clouds over the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean trade winds (1998–2005). HOAPS composite (HOAPS-C), version 3.2; TMPA, version 7; and GPCP 1 Degree Daily (1DD), version 1.2, are compared with ground-based S-Pol radar data from the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO; winter 2004/05) campaign and Micro Rain Radar data from the Barbados Cloud Observatory (2010–12). Winter rainfall amounts to one-third of annual rainfall, whereby light rain from warm clouds dominates. Daily rain occurrence and rain intensity during RICO largely differ among the satellite climatologies. TMPA best captures the frequent light rain events, only missing 7% of days on which the S-Pol radar detects rain, whereas HOAPS-C misses 33% and GPCP 1DD misses 56%. Algorithm constraints mainly cause these differences. In HOAPS-C also few available passive microwave (PMW) sensor overpasses limit its performance. TMPA outperforms HOAPS-C when only comparing nonmissing time steps, yet HOAPS-C can detect rain for S-Pol rain-covered areas down to 2%. In GPCP 1DD’s algorithm, the underestimated rain occurrence derived from PMW scanners is linked to the overestimated rain intensity, being constrained by the GPCP monthly satellite–gauge combination, whereby IR sensors determine the timing. Algorithm improvements in version 1.2 increased the rain occurrence by 50% relative to version 1.1. In version 7 of TMPA, algorithm corrections in PMW sounder data largely improved the rain detection relative to version 6. TMPA best represents light rain in the North Atlantic trades, followed by HOAPS-C and GPCP 1DD.
Modelled Rainfall Response to Strong El Niño Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Chung Christine T. Y. , Power Scott B.
Published: January 2015

El Niño–Southern Oscillation strongly influences the interannual variability of rainfall over the Pacific, shifting the position and orientation of the South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ) and intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). In 1982/83 and 1997/98, very strong El Niño events occurred, during which time the SPCZ and ITCZ merged into a single zonal convergence zone (szCZ) extending across the Pacific at approximately 5°S. The sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) reached very large values and peaked farther east compared to other El Niño events. Previous work shows that tropical Pacific precipitation responds nonlinearly to changing the amplitude of the El Niño SSTA even if the structure of the SSTA remains unchanged, but large canonical El Niño SSTAs cannot reproduce the szCZ precipitation pattern. This study conducts idealized, SST-forced experiments, starting with a large-amplitude canonical El Niño SSTA and gradually adding a residual pattern until the full (1982/83) and (1997/98) mean SST is reproduced. Differences between the canonical and strong El Niño SSTA patterns are crucial in generating an szCZ event. Three elements influence the precipitation pattern: (i) the local meridional SST maxima influences the ITCZ position and western Pacific precipitation, (ii) the total zonal SST maximum influences the SPCZ position, and (iii) the equatorial Pacific SST influences the total amount of precipitation. In these experiments, the meridional SST gradient increases as the SSTAs approach szCZ conditions. Additionally, the precipitation changes evident in szCZ years are primarily driven by changes in the atmospheric circulation, rather than thermodynamic changes. The addition of a global warming SST pattern increases the precipitation along the equator and shifts the ITCZ farther equatorward.
Arctic Ocean Water Mass Transformation in S–T Coordinates
Authors: Pemberton Per , Nilsson Johan , Hieronymus Magnus , Meier H. E. Markus
Published: January 2015

In this paper, water mass transformations in the Arctic Ocean are studied using a recently developed salinity–temperature (S–T) framework. The framework allows the water mass transformations to be succinctly quantified by computing the surface and internal diffusive fluxes in S–T coordinates. This study shows how the method can be applied to a specific oceanic region, in this case the Arctic Ocean, by including the advective exchange of water masses across the boundaries of the region. Based on a simulation with a global ocean circulation model, the authors examine the importance of various parameterized mixing processes and surface fluxes for the transformation of water across isohaline and isothermal surfaces in the Arctic Ocean. The model-based results reveal a broadly realistic Arctic Ocean where the inflowing Atlantic and Pacific waters are primarily cooled and freshened before exiting back to the North Atlantic. In the model, the water mass transformation in the T direction is primarily accomplished by the surface heat flux. However, the surface freshwater flux plays a minor role in the transformation of water toward lower salinities, which is mainly driven by a downgradient mixing of salt in the interior ocean. Near the freezing line, the seasonal melt and growth of sea ice influences the transformation pattern.
Capturing Culture
Authors: Polavieja Javier G.
Published: January 2015

We know that culture influences people’s behavior. Yet estimating the exact extent of this influence poses a formidable methodological challenge for the social sciences. This is because preferences and beliefs are endogenous, that is, they are shaped by individuals’ own experiences and affected by the same macro-structural conditions that constrain their actions. This study introduces a new method to overcome endogeneity problems in the estimation of cultural effects by using migrant populations. This innovative method uses imputed traits, generated from non-migrating equivalents observed at the country of origin, as instruments for immigrants’ own cultural traits measured at the country of destination. By construction, imputed traits are exogenous to immigrants’ host social environment. The predicted power of imputed traits over observed traits in instrumental-variable estimation captures the non-idiosyncratic component of preferences and beliefs that migrants and non-migrating equivalents share as members of the same national-origin group, that is, their culture. I use this innovative method to estimate the net exogenous impact of traditional values on female labor-force participation in Europe. I find that this impact is much larger than standard regression methods would suggest.
Can We Finish the Revolution? Gender, Work-Family Ideals, and Institutional Constraint
Authors: Pedulla David S. , Thébaud Sarah
Published: January 2015

Why has progress toward gender equality in the workplace and at home stalled in recent decades? A growing body of scholarship suggests that persistently gendered workplace norms and policies limit men’s and women’s ability to create gender egalitarian relationships at home. In this article, we build on and extend prior research by examining the extent to which institutional constraints, including workplace policies, affect young, unmarried men’s and women’s preferences for their future work-family arrangements. We also examine how these effects vary across education levels. Drawing on original survey-experimental data, we ask respondents how they would like to structure their future relationships while experimentally manipulating the degree of institutional constraint under which they state their preferences. Two clear patterns emerge. First, as constraints are removed and men and women can opt for an egalitarian relationship, the majority choose this option, regardless of gender or education level. Second, women’s relationship structure preferences are more responsive than men’s to the removal of institutional constraints through supportive work-family policy interventions. These findings shed light on important questions about the role of institutions in shaping work-family preferences, underscoring the notion that seemingly gender-traditional work-family decisions are largely contingent on the constraints of current workplaces.
Pulling Closer and Moving Apart
Authors: Liu Christopher C. , Srivastava Sameer B.
Published: January 2015

This article reconciles two seemingly incompatible expectations about interpersonal interaction and social influence. One theoretical perspective predicts that an increase in interaction between two actors will promote subsequent convergence in their attitudes and behaviors, whereas another view anticipates divergence. We examine the role of political identity in moderating the effects of interaction on influence. Our investigation takes place in the U.S. Senate—a setting in which actors forge political identities for public consumption based on the external constraints, normative obligations, and reputational concerns they face. We argue that interaction between senators who share the same political identity will promote convergence in their voting behavior, whereas interaction between actors with opposing political identities will lead to divergence. Moreover, we theorize that the consequences of political identity for interpersonal influence depend on the local interaction context. Political identity’s effects on influence will be greater in more divided Senate committees than in less divided ones. We find support for these hypotheses in analyses of data, spanning over three decades, on voting behavior, interaction, and political identity in the Senate. These findings contribute to research on social influence; elite integration and political polarization; and identity theory.
Effect of a Natural Supplement Containing Curcuma Longa, Guggul, and Chlorogenic Acid in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Patti Angelo Maria , Al-Rasadi Khalid , Katsiki Niki , Banerjee Yajnavalka , Nikolic Dragana , Vanella Luca , Giglio Rosaria Vincenza , Giannone Valeria Ausilia , Montalto Giuseppe , Rizzo Manfredi
Published: January 2015

The impact of a natural supplement (Kepar; Rikrea, Italy), containing several plant extracts such as curcuma longa, silymarin, guggul, chlorogenic acid, and inulin, was evaluated in 78 patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS; 45 men; age: 62 ± 9 years). Kepar at a dose of 2 pills/d was given for 4 months as add-on therapy to the ongoing treatment, maintained at fixed doses for the entire study. Anthropometric variables, plasma lipids, glucose parameters, and oxidative stress were measured at baseline and after 4 months. We found significant reductions in body weight (from 81.1 ± 13.5 to 79.4 ± 12.5 kg, P < .0001), body mass index (from 29.6 [23.7] to 29.3 [21.9] kg/m2, P = .001), and waist circumference (from 105 ± 11 to 102 ± 10 cm, P = .0004) as well as in fasting glucose (from 6.5 [11.7] to 6.4 [7.6] mmol/L, P = .014) and total cholesterol (from 4.8 ± 1.4 to 4.5 ± 1.0 mmol/L, P = .03). No significant changes were found in the other appraised parameters, including oxidative stress. In conclusion, after few months of treatment Kepar seems to exert beneficial effects in patients with MetS. Larger studies with a longer follow-up period are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
A Small Suburb Becomes a Boomburb
Authors: Miller Brian J.
Published: January 2015

The Chicago suburb of Naperville, Illinois, today has over one hundred forty thousand residents and is considered a “boomburb” because of its double-digit percentage growth over several decades. How did it reach this point? Explanations of urban growth—including the Chicago School and political economy perspectives; categories of suburbs, like boomburbs and edge cities; and narratives within Naperville itself—highlight different mechanisms at work. This study considers the factors that influenced Naperville’s growth and how each narrative fits the suburb’s development. The implications for future studies of suburban growth include the unpredictability of growth as it is happening, recognizing the limits of categorizing suburbs, undertaking comparative studies of suburbs across types or within regions, and not relying heavily on analyses of suburban outliers and unusual cases (like Naperville).
E’s are good
Authors: Baker Dana Lee , Miller Audrey Anna , Bratton Todd
Published: January 2015

Promoting understanding of quality in the context of good governance can be a challenging classroom exercise not only because of the potential for hijacking politicization of the discussion, but also because of the variety of ways in which public sector goals can be defined, even in the context of a single policy. Standards of quality in the present in the contemporary practice of public administration include many words beginning with “E” in the English language. Employing the “E’s are Good” taxonomy helps communicate different aspects of good governance to students in public administration and policy courses. In this article, literature surrounding the public sector standards of quality is reviewed using this framework. Examples of discussion of the E concepts drawn from legislative discourse surrounding Canadian health and social policy designed are then considered as an empirical case study.
Reduced Activity of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Lyase Induces Podocyte-related Glomerular Proteinuria, Skin Irritation, and Platelet Activation
Authors: Schümann Jens , Grevot Armelle , Ledieu David , Wolf Armin , Schubart Anna , Piaia Alessandro , Sutter Esther , Côté Serge , Beerli Christian , Pognan François , Billich Andreas , Moulin Pierre , Walker Ursula Junker
Published: January 2015

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase is considered as a drug target in autoimmune diseases based on the protective effect of reducing activity of the enzyme in animal models of inflammation. Since S1P lyase deficiency in mice causes a severe, lethal phenotype, it was of interest to investigate any pathological alterations associated with only partially reduced activity of S1P lyase as may be encountered upon pharmacological inhibition. Both genetic reduction of S1P lyase activity in mice and inhibition of S1P lyase with a low-molecular-weight compound in rats consistently resulted in podocyte-based kidney toxicity, which is the most severe finding. In addition, skin irritation and platelet activation were observed in both instances. The similarity of the findings in both the genetic model and the pharmacological study supports the value of analyzing inducible partially target-deficient mice for safety assessment. If the findings described in rodents translate to humans, target-related toxicity, particularly podocyte dysfunction, may limit chronic systemic treatment of autoimmune diseases with S1P lyase inhibitors. Furthermore, partial deficiency or inhibition of S1P lyase appears to provide an in vivo rodent model to enable studies on the mechanism of podocyte dysfunction.
Cost of Care for Subjective Tinnitus in Relation to Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Goldstein Eric , Ho Chuan‐Xing , Hanna Rania , Elinger Clara , Yaremchuk Kathleen L. , Seidman Michael D. , Jesse Michelle T.
Published: January 2015

Objective

A consistent management algorithm for subjective tinnitus remains to be elucidated. Chronic tinnitus yields approximately US$2110 in annual health care costs per patient. However, it is unclear whether spending more in the management of tinnitus equates with greater patient satisfaction. Thus, the aim of this study is to correlate patient satisfaction with patient demographics, provider recommendations, and total health care–related expenditures.

Study Design

A retrospective chart review and a patient satisfaction questionnaire.

Setting

All data were collected from a large Midwestern hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Patients were included who presented to the tinnitus clinic during the year 2011 and were between the ages of 18 and 89 years. They were excluded with diagnoses of Ménière’s disease, pulsatile tinnitus, acoustic neuromas, or autoimmune inner ear diseases. The retrospective data and satisfaction surveys were entered by 3 of the authors. Responses were based on Likert scales.

Results

Of the 692 patients included, 230 completed and returned the satisfaction questionnaire (33.2% response rate), yielding an overall mean of $662.60 charges. The frequency of intervention recommendations per patients ranged from 0 to 13, with a median of 4. Spearman’s correlations did not result in significant correlations between patient satisfaction and number of clinic visits (P =. 499) or associated charges (P =. 453).

Conclusion

Given that the variability among provider recommendations, the high overall mean of tinnitus‐related charges, and patient satisfaction was not related to costs, further research is needed examining patient preference in the treatment of tinnitus.
Introduction: Governing Emergencies: Beyond Exceptionality
Authors: Adey Peter , Anderson Ben , Graham Stephen
Published: January 2015

What characterizes emergency today is the proliferation of the term. Any event or situation supposedly has the potential to become an emergency. Emergencies may happen anywhere and at any time. They are not contained within one functional sector or one domain of life. The substantive focus of the articles collected in this special issue reflects this proliferation: they explore ways of governing in, by and through emergencies across different types of emergencies and different domains of life. In response to this proliferation, the issue opens up critical work on the politics of emergency beyond the ‘state of exception’ as dominant paradigm. Emergency is treated as a problem for government that calls for the invention of new techniques or the redeployment of existing techniques. Through this shift in emphasis, the articles in this issue disclose relations between modalities of power and emergency life that differ from the ‘lightening flash’ of a sovereign decision on the exception taken from outside of life, or the capacity to ‘mould’ an always-already emergent life from within life.
Relational frames as mediators of everyday talk and relational satisfaction in stepparent–stepchild relationships
Authors: Schrodt Paul
Published: January 2015

This study tested the degree to which stepchildren’s relational frames operate as explanatory mechanisms for the positive association between everyday talk and relational satisfaction in stepparent–stepchild relationships. Participants included 127 stepparent–stepchild dyads from the Midwest and Southwest regions of the U.S. Results indicated that stepchildren’s everyday talk with their residential stepparent positively predicts their positive regard for the stepparent, the parental authority they grant the stepparent, and their affective certainty within the relationship. Bootstrapping analyses revealed significant indirect effects for both stepchildren’s and stepparents’ everyday talk on stepchildren’s relational satisfaction through stepchildren’s positive regard (i.e., an affiliation–disaffiliation frame). When combined, everyday talk and stepchildren’s relational frames account for 74% of the shared variance in stepchildren’s satisfaction with their stepparent.
Parent-implemented Hanen program More than words in Angelman syndrome: A case study
Authors: de Carlos Isla Mercedes , Baixauli Fortea Inmaculada
Published: January 2015

Children with Angelman syndrome (AS) exhibit significant social, communicative and cognitive difficulties. The aim of this case study was to describe the profile of communicative abilities of a child with AS, before and after the implementation of the Hanen program ‘More than words’ (MTW). Additionally, changes on the language directed at her in spontaneous interactions were analysed. Advances were observed regarding the quantity and quality of communicative acts displayed by the child, both in natural interactions and through the use of standardized instruments. Moreover, a different rate of development was noted, when comparing two time periods (with and without MTW intervention). Linguistic input provided by the mother also exhibited some variations after treatment. Our findings suggest that MTW could be a promising approach to use with the communicative challenges experienced by AS children. Further research is needed to add more evidence about the suitability of the MTW program for AS individuals.
Altered elastase—alpha1-antitrypsin balance in the blood of patients with chronic venous disease
Authors: Budzyn-Napierala M , Iskra M , Krasinski Z , Turkiewicz W , Gryszczynska B , Kasprzak M , Urbanek T
Published: January 2015

Objectives

Although leukocyte elastase is suspected to be involved in the damage of vein wall during chronic venous disease, the equilibrium between this protease and its inhibitor, alpha1-antitrypsin, has not yet been evaluated. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between leukocyte elastase and alpha1-antitrypsin, in the blood of patients with chronic venous disease.

Patients and methods

The concentration and the activity of leukocyte elastase along with the activity of alpha1-antitrypsin were evaluated in the blood of 55 chronic venous disease patients. The results were compared with those obtained in 33 healthy age and sex-matched volunteers.

Results

A significant decrease in the leukocyte elastase activity that correlated with an increased alpha1-antitrypsin activity was observed in the serum of patients with mild clinical symptoms of chronic venous disease.

Conclusions

The results of the study did not confirm a hypothesis about an important role of proteolytic activity of leukocyte elastase in the vein wall injury mechanism. They show that the leukocyte elastase–alpha1-antitrypsin balance is rather shifted toward antiprotease activity, especially in an early stage of chronic venous disease.
Evaluating Educational Practices for Positively Affecting Student Perceptions of a Sales Career
Authors: Cummins Shannon , Peltier James W. , Pomirleanu Nadia , Cross James , Simon Rob
Published: January 2015

Despite demand for new graduates seeking a sales position, student reticence toward pursuing a sales career remains. While all students will not choose a sales career, diminishing the existence of sales-related misconceptions among the student population should establish sales as a viable career path for a larger number of students. We test six educational interventions in large Principle of Marketing classes from three different universities ( n = 1,355) to help identify educational practices for reducing student reticence toward a career in sales. Our results show that while all six educational approaches raise students’ perceptions and interest in a selling career, the utilization of experienced salespeople to present classroom materials and to discuss their sales career was the most effective. Classroom lecture and role-plays by university sales students had the second highest intent to pursue intervention scores. We offer recommendations for how to best present sales material to these large, lecture-based courses.
Skinfold Thickness of Preterm Newborns When They Become Late Preterm Infants
Authors: Simsek Meral , Ergenekon Ebru , Beken Serdar , Kulalı Ferit , Unal Sezin , Kazancı Ebru , Aktas Selma , Altuntas Nilgun , Hirfanoglu Ibrahim , Turkyılmaz Canan , Koç Esin , Atalay Yıldız
Published: January 2015

Background: Nutrition of very low‐birth‐weight newborns is important for a good physical and neurologic outcome. Body composition assessment, together with anthropometric measurements, is considered necessary to monitor adequate nutrition and growth. Objectives of this study were to assess body fat changes in newborns ≤32 weeks gestation by weekly skinfold thickness (SFT) measurements and to compare them with those of late preterm infants born at 34, 35, and 36 weeks once they reached 34, 35, and 36 weeks corrected age (CA). Materials and Methods: Preterm infants ≤32 weeks gestation had SFT measured from 4 body sites, including biceps, triceps, and subscapulary and suprailiac regions, by a Holtain caliper starting from 48 hours of age at weekly intervals until 34, 35, and 36 weeks CA. The measurements were compared with those of late preterm controls born at 34, 35, and 36 weeks gestation. Results: There were 37 preterm infants in the patient group. When reaching 34, 35, and 36 weeks CA, preterm infants had higher SFT values compared with controls in all body sites. Median and range of total SFT were 14.6 mm (9.6–18.9 mm) in patients and 11 mm (7.8–16.4 mm) in controls at 34 weeks CA, 15.5 mm (10.7–21.8 mm) in patients and 12.3 mm (7–17 mm) in controls at 35 weeks CA, and 16.4 mm (11.8–23.7 mm) in patients and 12.9 mm (7–17.8 mm) in controls at 36 weeks CA (P = .001 in all). No sex difference was observed at 34 and 35 weeks. Conclusion: These results show that preterm infants start accumulating excess fat even from early weeks of life. Careful assessment of growth by tools other than simple anthropometric measurements is essential to avoid future complications.
Avestan studies in Imperial Germany
Authors: Kaplan Judith R. H.
Published: January 2015

This article sheds new light on late-19th-century debates about the organization of knowledge through its emphasis on German orientalism and comparative linguistics. Centering on Friedrich Carl Andreas’ (1846–1930) controversial reconstruction of the Avestan language and its sacred literary corpus, I highlight a shift from the history of texts to an engagement with ‘living’ language in the decades around 1900. Andreas is shown to have inherited aspects of two schools, which collectively defined the landscape of 19th-century philological research – one traditional and the other comparative. The long-standing struggle between these schools demonstrates that ‘the humanities’ were no monolithic foil to the rise of natural sciences during the second half of the 19th century. Instead, I argue that alternative conceptual frameworks were cultivated within German philology – concepts that were taken up in broader disciplinary debates, though they were not narrowly the products of them.
13-Month-Olds’ Understanding of Social Interactions
Authors: Choi You-jung , Luo Yuyan
Published: January 2015

In the present research, we investigated how 13-month-olds use their emergent theory-of-mind understanding (i.e., understanding about other people’s mental states, such as their intentions, perceptions, and beliefs) and social-evaluation skills to make sense of social interactions. The infants watched three puppets (A, B, and C) interact. The results showed that after seeing Agents A and B interact in a positive manner, infants expected them to continue doing so, even after they saw B hit another agent, C, while A was absent. When A was present to witness B’s harmful action, however, infants expected A to change his or her behavior and ignore B. Therefore, infants seemed to consider A’s perspectives when predicting A’s actions. Furthermore, if B accidentally hit C when A was present, infants seemed to accept that A could interact or not interact with B, which suggests that they had taken into account B’s intention in their interpretations of the agents’ interactions.
Mothers Speak Less Clearly to Infants Than to Adults: A Comprehensive Test of the Hyperarticulation Hypothesis
Authors: Martin Andrew , Schatz Thomas , Versteegh Maarten , Miyazawa Kouki , Mazuka Reiko , Dupoux Emmanuel , Cristia Alejandrina
Published: January 2015

Infants learn language at an incredible speed, and one of the first steps in this voyage is learning the basic sound units of their native languages. It is widely thought that caregivers facilitate this task by hyperarticulating when speaking to their infants. Using state-of-the-art speech technology, we addressed this key theoretical question: Are sound categories clearer in infant-directed speech than in adult-directed speech? A comprehensive examination of sound contrasts in a large corpus of recorded, spontaneous Japanese speech demonstrates that there is a small but significant tendency for contrasts in infant-directed speech to be less clear than those in adult-directed speech. This finding runs contrary to the idea that caregivers actively enhance phonetic categories in infant-directed speech. These results suggest that to be plausible, theories of infants’ language acquisition must posit an ability to learn from noisy data.
Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism: The making of a classic
Authors: Emmenegger Patrick , Kvist Jon , Marx Paul , Petersen Klaus
Published: January 2015

In this introduction to the special issue, we review the various debates spurred by Esping-Andersen’s The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Tracing its impact since the book’s publication in 1990, we show that Three Worlds continues to be the point of reference for comparative welfare state research. A content analysis of articles in the Journal of European Social Policy citing the book indicates that Three Worlds may even have obtained a paradigmatic status and that its claims and findings are often taken for granted rather than challenged. We conclude that Three Worlds has become a classic that is likely to continue to have a major influence on welfare state research in its next 25 years.
The decline of the working-class vote, the reconfiguration of the welfare support coalition and consequences for the welfare state
Authors: Gingrich Jane , Häusermann Silja
Published: January 2015

The central political claim of Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is that class actors, through the instruments of the democratic process, can modify capitalism. Where working-class mobilization is strong, left parties have sufficient electoral support in the political arena to alter markets politically in ways that decommodify and thereby empower workers. The decline of traditional class voting, however, has profoundly changed this dynamic of welfare politics. We show that the political support coalition for welfare states has been reconfigured through two processes. On the one hand, the Left may have lost support among the traditional working class, but it has substituted this decline by attracting substantial electoral support among specific parts of the expanding middle class. On the other hand, the welfare support coalition has been stabilized through increasing support for the welfare state among right-wing political parties. We discuss the possible consequences of this ‘middle-class shift’ in the welfare support coalition in terms of policy consequences.
Three worlds’ typology: Moving beyond normal science?
Authors: van Kersbergen Kees , Vis Barbara
Published: January 2015

There is no doubt that Esping-Andersen’s three worlds’ typology has been extremely valuable. However, the literature inspired by it shows signs of Kuhnian normal science, which is impairing empirical and theoretical progress. We explain normal science, demonstrate that it characterizes recent empirical regime studies and ask why this has come about. We show that the welfare regime literature has a tendency to confuse the terms ‘typology’ and ‘ideal-types’. This has prevented the emergence of anomalies that are needed for progress. We argue that normal science is fostered by the combination of researchers’ tendency to prefer certainty (e.g. to address solvable research problems) and the environmental pressures they face (especially the ‘publish or perish’ culture and the need to frame research problems in terms of variation rather than similarity). In the discussion section, we suggest several routes by which the welfare state literature can move beyond normal science.
Distress Reduction for Palliative Care Patients and Families With 5-Minute Mindful Breathing
Authors: Beng Tan Seng , Ahmad Fazlina , Loong Lam Chee , Chin Loh Ee , Zainal Nor Zuraida , Guan Ng Chong , Ann Yee Hway , Li Lee Mei , Meng Christopher Boey Chiong
Published: January 2015

A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of 5-minute mindful breathing in distress reduction. Twenty palliative care patients and family caregivers with a distress score ≥4 measured by the Distress Thermometer were recruited and randomly assigned to mindful breathing or “listening” (being listened to). Median distress reductions after 5 minutes were 2.5 for the mindful breathing group and 1.0 for the listening group. A significantly larger reduction in the distress score was observed in the mindful breathing group (Mann-Whitney U test: U = 8.0, n1 = n2 = 10, mean rank1 = 6.30, mean rank2 = 14.70, z = −3.208, P = .001). The 5-minute mindful breathing could be useful in distress reduction in palliative care.
Elastic analysis for contact problems with surface effects under normal load
Authors: Wang LY
Published: January 2015

Based on surface elasticity theory, contact problems with surface effects at the nano-scale are considered in this paper. The complex variable function method is adopted to derive the fundamental solutions for the contact problem. As examples, the deformations induced by uniformly distributed normal pressures and concentrated force are analyzed in detail. The results reveal some interesting characteristics in contact mechanics, which are distinctly different from those in classical elasticity theory. At the nano-scale, the deformation gradient on the deformed surface varies smoothly across the loading boundary as a result of surface effects. In addition, for nano-indentation, the indent depth depends strongly on the surface stress.
Using the Personality Assessment Inventory to Identify ADHD-Like Symptoms
Authors: Watson Jeffery , Liljequist Laura
Published: January 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of creating a new scale on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) to assess for ADHD-like symptomatology. Method: Two approaches to scale development were compared: (a) stepwise regression using PAI scales and subscales as predictors and the CAARS-H index as the dependent variable and (b) a MANOVA using discharge diagnosis as the grouping variable and PAI scales and subscales as the dependent variables. Results: Stepwise regression identified six PAI scales and subscales (PIM, RXR, SOM-S, ARD-T, MAN-A, and SCZ-T) that were responsible for a large proportion of variance (39%) in the CAARS-H index, and the MANOVA also identified six subscales that significantly differed between those clients eventually diagnosed with ADHD and those not diagnosed (ANT-S, SCZ-T, MAN-A, ANX-C, BOR-S, and MAN-G). Conclusion: Although each set produced statistically significant findings, neither produced high correct classification rates in the eventual diagnosis of ADHD.
Audio Storytelling
Authors: McHugh Siobhan
Published: January 2015

Audio storytelling is booming. From crafted, long-form documentaries to short digital narratives, podcasting, social media and online streaming have liberated audio from the confines of a live radio schedule and created huge new transnational audiences. But how can the burgeoning influence of audio storytelling be harnessed in educational and community sectors? This article examines an initiative designed to advance the use of audio storytelling in educational contexts: the emotional history project, an intensive teaching model that trains undergraduate students with no prior audio experience to create powerful short audio stories in a 4 x 3 hour module. It relies on the capacity of audio to convey emotion, and the power of emotion to transcend social, cultural and racial differences and forge a visceral connection. By gathering deeply personal emotional moments, students not only have a heightened incentive to learn technical production skills, they are also motivated to consider ethical issues and vital principles of empathy and responsibility.
WIL-power
Authors: Woolley Bruce
Published: January 2015

This article examines journalism students’ learning experience that is intercultural, immersive and intensive. Accounts of ‘intercultural’ experience date back to Herodotus of Halicarnassus; ‘immersion’ is integral to contemporary practice in language learning; and ‘intensive’ delivery has been refined to an art by postgraduate business education. Together they can be grouped under the broader pedagogical concept of work-integrated learning (WIL). This article examines two WIL projects that involved a field trip by University of Queensland journalism students to Vietnam in 2012 and 2014, and its implications for future WIL initiatives.
‘De-Americanizing’ News Literacy
Authors: Hornik Richard , Kajimoto Masato
Published: January 2015

This commentary explains how a curriculum using news media to teach critical thinking that was developed at an American university is being adapted for non-American university settings, particularly in Asia. The authors explain the importance of focusing on key course concepts and of finding and applying local media examples to illustrate those concepts and, most importantly, to keep the students actively engaged. Early results indicate that this approach can succeed, though it does require a great deal of effort developing examples that clearly illustrate the course concepts and, at the same time, are fresh and relevant to the students.
I Would Rather Just Go Through With It Than Be Called a Wussy
Authors: Meissner Birte , Bantjes Jason , Kagee Ashraf
Published: January 2015

Worldwide suicide is a deeply gendered phenomenon. In South Africa, approximately 80% of suicide completers are male. This study aimed to investigate how a group of young South African men understand and think about suicidal behavior. In-depth semistructured interviews and thematic analysis using a grounded theory approach revealed that this group of young South African men had permissive attitudes to suicide and viewed suicide as a morally defensible alternative in specific situations. They spoke of suicide as a goal-directed behavior that provides a means of regaining control, asserting power, communicating, and rendering oneself visible. From this perspective, suicide was understood as a brave act requiring strength and determination. These data have congruence with the Theory of Gender and Health, which proposes that constructions of masculinity may be implicated in the attitudes and beliefs young men in South Africa hold toward suicide.
Was the Anthropocene anticipated?
Authors: Hamilton Clive , Grinevald Jacques
Published: January 2015

Various authors have identified ‘precursors’ of the new concept of the Anthropocene, with most frequent reference made to Antonio Stoppani, Vladimir Vernadsky and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. The effect, intended or otherwise, of finding forerunners is to deflate the significance of the proposed new geological epoch. We argue there were no precursors to the notion of the Anthropocene, and that there could not have been because the concept (put forward in the year 2000) is an outgrowth of the recent interdisciplinary understanding of the Earth as an evolving planet inaugurated in the 1980s by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme and Earth system science. Earlier scientists who commented on ‘the age of man’ did so in terms of human impact on the environment or ‘the face of the Earth’, not the Earth system. Moreover, earlier Western conceptions relied on a progressive and linear evolutionary understanding of the spread of humankind’s geographical and ecological influence, whereas the Anthropocene represents a radical rupture with all evolutionary ideas in human and Earth history, including the breakdown of any idea of advance to a higher stage (such as Teilhard’s ‘noösphere’).
The Harmonious Relationship between Faith and Science from the Perspective of Some Great Saints: A Brief Comment
Authors: Cortés Manuel E. , del Río Juan Pablo , Vigil Pilar
Published: January 2015

The objective of this editorial is to show that a harmonious relationship between science and faith is possible, as exemplified by great saints of the Catholic Church. It begins with the definitions of science and faith, followed by an explanation of the apparent conflict between them. A few saints that constitute an example that a fruitful relationship between these two seemingly opposed realities has been possible are Saint Albert the Great, Saint John of the Cross, Saint Giuseppe Moscati, and Saint Edith Stein, among others, and this editorial highlights their deep contributions to the dialogue between faith and reason. This editorial ends with a brief discussion on whether it is possible to be both a scientist and a man of faith.
Critical Assessment 14: High entropy alloys and their development as structural materials
Authors: Miracle D. B.
Published: January 2015

The field of high entropy alloys has exploded in its first 10 years. Vast opportunities for new compositions and microstructures are offered by this idea, but current efforts have become surprisingly focused on a narrow set of systems and on the search for single phase solid solution alloys. This perspective outlines the challenge to re-engage the full range of compositional and microstructural complexity in the search for new structural metals. We draw on extensive experience in the development of exquisite multiphase microstructures and define new high throughput experiments and computations that must be integrated to respond to this challenge. Broadening the scope is expected to provide dramatic new opportunities in the field of complex concentrated alloys.
Antigenic modulation limits the effector cell mechanisms employed by type I anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Tipton Thomas R. W. , Roghanian Ali , Oldham Robert J. , Carter Matthew J. , Cox Kerry L. , Mockridge C. Ian , French Ruth R. , Dahal Lekh N. , Duriez Patrick J. , Hargreaves Philip G. , Cragg Mark S. , Beers Stephen A.
Published: January 2015

Key Points

Antigenic modulation significantly impacts natural killer cell and macrophage ability to mediate Fc γ receptor-dependent killing. hIgG1 mAbs are unable to elicit natural killer–mediated ADCC in the mouse, supporting ADCP as the dominant effector mechanism.
A novel mutation in the F5 gene (factor V Amsterdam) associated with bleeding independent of factor V procoagulant function
Authors: Cunha Marisa L. R. , Bakhtiari Kamran , Peter Jorge , Marquart J. Arnoud , Meijers Joost C. M. , Middeldorp Saskia
Published: January 2015

Key Points

A novel gain-of-function mutation in factor V leading to increased levels of TFPI and bleeding was identified by whole exome sequencing. Factor V Amsterdam (F5 C2588G) resembles the mutation (F5 A2350G) leading to East Texas bleeding disorder.