bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chamber music – An unusual Helmholtz resonator for song amplification in a Neotropical bush-cricket (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)
Authors: Jonsson Thorin , Chivers Benedict D. , Brown Kate Robson , Sarria-S Fabio A. , Walker Matthew , Montealegre-Z Fernando
Published: June 2017

Animals use sound for communication, with high-amplitude signals being selected for attracting mates or deterring rivals. High amplitudes are attained by employing primary resonators in sound producing structures to amplify the signal (e.g., avian syrinx). Some species actively exploit acoustic properties of natural structures to enhance signal transmission by using these as secondary resonators (e.g., tree-hole frogs). Male bush-crickets produce sound by tegminal stridulation and often use specialised wing areas as primary resonators. Interestingly, Acanthacara acuta, a Neotropical bush-cricket, exhibits an unusual pronotal inflation, forming a chamber covering the wings. It has been suggested that such pronotal chambers enhance amplitude and tuning of the signal by constituting a (secondary) Helmholtz resonator. If true, the intact system – when stimulated sympathetically with broadband sound – should show clear resonance around the song carrier frequency which should be largely independent of pronotum material, and change when the system is destroyed. Using laser Doppler vibrometry on living and preserved specimens, micro computed tomography, 3D printed models, and finite element modelling, we show that the pronotal chamber not only functions as a Helmholtz resonator due to its intact morphology but also resonates at frequencies of the calling song on itself, making song production a three-resonator system.
A review of endothermal laser ablative treatment of incompetent saphenous veins
Authors: Hartmann K. , Schuler L.
Published: June 2017

Endovenous treatment of incompetent great and small saphenous veins has become firmly established as an alternative to cross-ectomy and stripping operations. Among other thermal and non-thermal procedures, endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) is one of the most frequently used methods. Development of the procedure has continued since its introduction in 1998: the low wavelengths used at first (810 nm) resulted in a high rate of complications (ecchymosis, pain), and over the years systems using longer wavelengths have been developed with increasingly fewer side effects. The effectiveness of the wavelength most frequently used today (1470 nm) has been reported in numerous studies. The most frequent side effects include endovenous heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT), nerve damage and ecchymosis; major complications like lung embolism are reported very rarely.
We can shift academic culture through publishing choices
Authors: Logan Corina J
Published: June 2017

Researchers give papers for free (and often actually pay) to exploitative publishers who make millions off of our articles by locking them behind paywalls. This discriminates not only against the public (who are usually the ones that paid for the research in the first place), but also against the academics from institutions that cannot afford to pay for journal subscriptions and the ‘scholarly poor’. I explain exploitative and ethical publishing practices, highlighting choices researchers can make right now to stop exploiting ourselves and discriminating against others.
Interactions of CAF1-NOT complex components from Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Chakraborty Chaitali , Fadda Abeer , Erben Esteban , Lueong Smiths , Hoheisel Jörg , Mugo Elisha , Clayton Christine
Published: June 2017

The CAF1-NOT complex of Trypanosoma brucei, like that of other eukaryotes, contains several NOT proteins (NOT1, NOT3, NOT3/5, NOT10, and NOT11), NOT9/CAF40, and the CAF1 deadenylase, which targets 3' poly(A) tails. Again like other eukaryotes, deadenylation is the first step in the degradation of most trypanosome mRNAs. In animal cells, destruction of unstable mRNAs is accelerated by proteins that bind the RNA in a sequence-specific fashion, and also recruit the CAF1-NOT complex. However, this has not yet been demonstrated for T. brucei. To find interaction partners for the trypanosome NOT complex, we did a genome-wide yeast two-hybrid screen, using a random shotgun protein fragment library, with the subunits CAF40, NOT2, NOT10 and NOT11 as baits. To assess interaction specificity, we compared the results with those from other trypanosome proteins, including the cyclin-F-box protein CFB1. The yeast 2-hybrid screen yielded four putatively interacting proteins for NOT2, eleven for NOT11, but only one for NOT9/CAF40. Both CFB1 and NOT10 had over a hundred potential interactions, indicating a lack of specificity. Nevertheless, a detected interaction between NOT10 and NOT11 is likely to be genuine. We also identified proteins that co-purify with affinity tagged NOT9/CAF40 by mass spectrometry. The co-purifying proteins did not include the 2-hybrid partner, but the results confirmed NOT9/CAF40 association with the CAF1-NOT complex, and suggested interactions with expression-repressing RNA-binding proteins (ZC3H8, ZC3H30, and ZC3H46) and the deadenylase PARN3.
Cognition, Technology, and Organizational Limits: Lessons from the Air France 447 Disaster
Authors: Oliver Nick , Calvard Thomas , Potočnik Kristina
Published: June 2017

Organizations, particularly those for whom safety and reliability are crucial, develop routines to protect them from failure. But even highly reliable organizations are not immune to disaster and prolonged periods of safe operation are punctuated by occasional catastrophes. Scholars of safety science label this the “paradox of almost totally safe systems,” noting that systems that are very safe under normal conditions may be vulnerable under unusual ones. In this paper, we explain, develop, and apply the concept of “organizational limits” to this puzzle through an analysis of the loss of Air France 447. We show that an initial, relatively minor limit violation set in train a cascade of human and technological limit violations, with catastrophic consequences. Focusing on cockpit automation, we argue that the same measures that make a system safe and predictable may introduce restrictions on cognition, which over time, inhibit or erode the disturbance-handling capability of the actors involved. We also note limits to cognition in system design processes that make it difficult to foresee complex interactions. We discuss the implications of our findings for predictability and control in contexts beyond aviation and ways in which these problems might be addressed.
The impact of the multidisciplinary team in the management of individuals with diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review
Authors: Buggy A. , Moore Z.
Published: June 2017

Objective:

To assess the impact of the multidisciplinary team in the management of the diabetic foot compared with those who did not receive multidisciplinary care.

Method:

A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the following databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library. The following search terms were used: diabetic foot, multidisciplinary team, patient care team, multidisciplinary care team. Data were extracted using a bespoke data extraction tool and quality appraisal of the studies was undertaken using the EBL Critical Appraisal checklist. Data analysis was undertaken using RevMan with results presented as odds ratio for dichotomous data, or mean difference for continuous data, all with the associated 95% confidence intervals.

Results:

The search identified 19 eligible studies. Severity of amputation, death rates and length of hospital stay of clients receiving multidisciplinary team care were improved when compared with those who did not receive multidisciplinary team care. Ulcer healing and quality of life showed an improvement but not all studies explored these outcomes. Only 7 of the 19 articles appraised were found to be of acceptable quality, questioning the generalisability of the results.

Conclusion:

From the currently available evidence a positive impact of the multidisciplinary team on diabetic foot outcomes can be seen, but due to the lack of high-quality evidence and substantial heterogeneity in the studies, these results should be interpreted with caution.
Baseline Circulating FGF21 Concentrations and Increase after Fenofibrate Treatment Predict More Rapid Glycemic Progression in Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the FIELD Study
Authors: Ong Kwok-Leung , O'Connell Rachel , Januszewski Andrzej S , Jenkins Alicia J , Xu Aimin , Sullivan David R , Barter Philip J , Scott Russell S , Taskinen Marja-Riitta , Waldman Boris , Colman Peter G , Best James D , Simes John R , Rye Kerry-Anne , Keech Anthony C
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

It is not known whether circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) concentrations are associated with glycemic progression in patients with established type 2 diabetes. This study reports this relationship in type 2 diabetes patients participating in the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) trial.

METHODS

Plasma FGF21 was quantified in 9697 study participants. Among patients with lifestyle-only glucose control measures at baseline, glycemic progression was defined as the initiation of oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin therapy. We assessed the relationship of FGF21 concentrations with glycohemoglobin (Hb A1c), the homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and glycemic progression.

RESULTS

Among 2584 patients with lifestyle-only glycemic therapy at baseline, plasma FGF21 concentrations were positively associated with HOMA-IR (5.1% increase per 100% increase in FGF21 concentrations). Patients with higher baseline plasma FGF21 concentrations had higher risk of glycemic progression over a 5-year period (P = 0.02), but the association was not significant after further adjusting for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activity. During the fenofibrate active run-in phase, higher tertiles of fenofibrate-induced increase in FGF21 concentrations were associated with higher risk of glycemic progression (adjusted hazards ratio = 1.09 and 1.18 for tertiles 2 and 3, respectively, P for trend = 0.01), even after adjusting for ALT enzyme activity. This association was statistically significant in the fenofibrate group only (P = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Higher baseline and fenofibrate-induced increase in FGF21 concentrations predict more rapid glycemic progression in type 2 diabetes patients. This association may be partly explained by hepatic function.
In- vitroantioxidant and anti-obesity properties of Bauhinia variegata
Authors: Patil M. M. , Anand T. , Ilaiyaraja N. , Khanum Farhath
Published: June 2017

Bauhinia variegata L (Synonyms: Phanera variegata Benth), commonly known as orchid tree or Kachnar belongs to the family of Leguminosae and found throughout India. All parts of the plants are used in the treatment of many ailments such as obesity, dyspepsia, bronchitis, leprosy, ulcer etc. The objective of the present study was to assess the in- vitro antioxidant and anti-obesity properties of different solvent (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and distilled water) extracts of Bauhinia variegataleaves. All the solvent extracts were found to contain different phytochemicals with bioactive properties at varying concentrations.The results of extraction showed that methanol was the suitable solvent for extraction of phytochemical as it recorded highest yield of 6.80%. The phytochemical assay results showed the highest polyphenol content in methanol extract (243 μg GAE/mg) and flavonoids content in chloroform extract (1.87 μg CE/g).The in-vitro antioxidant and anti obesity property was observed more in methanolic extract than the other extracts. The overall study suggests that Bauhinia variegataleaf extract could be a potential ingredient for the preparation of nutraceuticals to treat obesity and oxidative stress related complications. 
Lettuce: a promising leafy vegetable with functional properties
Authors: Anilakumar K. R. , Harsha S. N. , . Mallesha , Sharma R. K.
Published: June 2017

Lactuca sativa (lettuce) belongs to Asteraceae family important leafy vegetable known for its medicinal properties. The lettuce is a food that should not lack in our meals, we should keep in mind that its low fat and carbohydrate contents and its high contents of water, it provides caloric power of only 13 Kcal /100gm are very appropriate for weight loss diets. It is rich in minerals, especially potassium that is very necessary to maintain appropriate levels of liquids in the body, together with calcium and phosphorus makes it especially for the correct well being of the bones. It contains selenium, an antioxidant that has a medicinal property in prevention of certain type of cancers, colon, prostrate and lungs. It contains many necessary amino acids for the formation of the proteins, alanine, and necessary for the construction of muscular and nervous tissues, glycine for the correct operation of immunological system. The most of therapeutic properties of this plant is due to sesquiterpene lactones- lactucin, lactucopicrin the most bioactive compound of Lactuca sativa. This review mainly focuses on the pharmacological action of the Lettuce and active constituents for the wide spectrum biological properties, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, analgesic, neuroprotective and sedative properties etc. Since Lettuce has medicinal therapeutic potential its usage in dietary supplementation can be exploited. Lettuce has also acquired a folk reputation. More clinical studies are needed to further asses the efficiency and safety in therapeutic application
Iron Bio-accessibility and Nutritional Attributes of Selected Disease Specific Commercial Formulations
Authors: Urooj Asna , Siddiqi Seema , S. Lakshmi
Published: June 2017

Iron deficiency is the most common form of malnutrition in the world, affecting more than 2 billion people globally. Food labeling is an important tool that provides information on the nutritional composition data to consumers. However, the information on bio accessibility values is limited; therefore, the aim of the present study is to promote the nutritional labeling by the inclusion of bio accessibility values of micronutrients of importance along with nutritional composition data. Commercial supplements commonly used for disease specific conditions were selected & their iron bio accessibility was determined by equilibrium dialysis involving an in vitro simulated digestion procedure.  The formulations were also subjected to nutritional composition analysis & functional properties by standard AOAC methods. The total iron content of the supplements ranged between 8.66±0.5mg/100g to 21.72±1.44 mg/100g whereas the bio accessibility of micronutrient iron ranged between 0.05±0.01 mg/100g to 0.32±0.20mg/100g. The % iron bio accessibility was also determined & ranged between 0.23-2.52%. Thus inclusion of bio accessibility values of vital micronutrients along with usual nutritional composition data employs as an effective tool to combat various micronutrient deficiencies. Therefore, application of supplements with higher bioavailability may result in usage of lower doses of iron with fewer side effects, thus improving treatment efficacy. This novel information has the potential application in nutritional labeling to improve the bioavailability of trace minerals and hence contributes to the human health benefit.
Screening and statistical optimization of media ingredients for production of microbial transglutaminase
Authors: Xavier Janifer Raj , Ramana K. V. , Sharma R. K.
Published: June 2017

Transglutaminase is a calcium dependent enzyme that catalyses acyl transfer reactions between primary amino groups and protein bound glutamine residues. Eighteen bacterial and twenty eight actinomycetes were screened for the presence of transglutaminase. Among the microbial cultures screened Streptomyces sp. D1, showed maximum transglutaminase activity. In this study characterization of transglutaminase and its application to modifying the properties of panner (Indian cottage cheese) in the form of cross linking was investigated. Optimum temperature and pH for enzyme was found to be at 50°C and 6.0, respectively. Optimization of media ingredients for maximizing the transglutaminase activity using Streptomyces sp. D1 was carried out using central composite design. Response surface methodology was employed to standardize the optimum media composition for maximum enzyme activity. Three factors such as carbon source, nitrogen source and pH were tested for the maximum enzyme activity as response. The optimized medium with sugarcane molasses as carbon source 6.0% (w/v), peptone as nitrogen source 1.75% (w/v) were found to be optimal at initial pH 6.5 and incubation temperature 30.0°C with agitation at 100 rpm for 96h. The enzyme activity of transglutaminase obtained from the optimized medium was found to be 4.1 (AU/ml). Low cost substrate such as sugarcane molasses in the form of a renewable substrate is proposed to be suitable even for scale-up production of enzyme and for industrial applications. The ethanol fractionated transglutaminse treated milk was found to produce more paneer with increased moisture content while reduction in cooking loss of the paneer prepared using enzyme treated milk is also reported.
A Game Theoretic Approach to Modelling Jamming Attacks in Delay Tolerant Networks
Authors: Ravishankar Monica , Rao D. Vijay , Kumar C.R.S.
Published: June 2017

Cyberspace plays a prominent role in our social, economic and civic welfare and cyber security issues are of paramount importance today. Growing reliance of the intertwined military and civilian applications on wireless computer networks makes these networks highly vulnerable to attacks of which jamming attacks are a vital and exigent problem. In this paper, we study defence against jamming attacks as game in a delay tolerant network, with two adversarial players: the jammer playing against the transmitter. The transmitters seek to choose an optimal time to schedule his transmission securely, so as to maximize the probability of successful delivery before his session expires, while these transmissions are subject to inference from the jammer, who attempts to minimize this probability . We design strategies for the transmitters that offset transmission period based inference of network traffic by the jammer. We model these interactions and decisions as a game and use simulation as a tool to evaluate the games. Probability distribution functions over finite set of strategies are proposed to compute the expected payoff of both the players. Simulation results are used to evaluate the expected payoff along with the resulting equilibrium in cases where players are biased and unbiased. These results are used to strategically decide on the optimal time for both the players, and evaluate the efficiency of the strategies used by the transmitters against jammer attacks. 
A Software Defined Radio based UHF Digital Ground Receiver System for Flying Object using LabVIEW
Authors: Panda Amiya Ranjan , Mishra Debahuti , Ratha Hare Krishna
Published: June 2017

This study demonstrates the design and implementation of a software defined radio based digital ground receiver system using LabVIEW. In flight testing centre, command transmission system is used to transmit specific commands to execute some operation inside the flight vehicle. One ground receiver system is needed to monitor the transmitted command and monitor the presence of the command in air. The newly implemented ground receiver system consists of FPGA, RTOS and general processing unit. The analog to digital conversion and RF down conversions are carried out in high speed PCI extension for instrumentation express cards. The communication algorithms, digital down conversion are implemented in FPGAs. The communication system uses digital demodulation and decoding scheme and realised by NI PXI-7966R with Xilinx Virtex 5, SXT, FPGA. The performance of the receiver system has been analysed by linearity measurement of pre-amplifier Gain, Noise figure, frequency, power and also measurement of sensitivity. The results show successful implementation of the ground receiver system.
Predictive Missile Guidance with Online Trajectory Learning
Authors: Akcal M. Ugur , Ure N. Kemal
Published: June 2017

This study presents a predictive guidance scheme for tactical missiles. The modern day targets, with improved manoeuverability, have revealed insufficient performance of the conventional guidance laws. The underlying cause of this poor performance is the reactive nature of the conventional guidance laws such as proportional navigation (PN) and pure pursuit (PP). Predictive guidance offers an alternative approach to the classical methods by taking proactive actions by estimating target’s future trajectory. However, most of the existing predictive guidance approaches assume that the interceptor have a model of the target dynamics. A guidance strategy is developed in this study, that can learn the target dynamics iteratively and adapt the interceptor actions accordingly. A recursive least squares (RLS) estimation algorithm is employed for learning and estimating the possible future target positions, and a fixed horizon nonlinear program is employed for selecting the optimal interception action. Monte-Carlo simulations show that the guidance algorithm introduced in this work demonstrates a significantly improved performance compared to the alternatives in terms of interception time and miss distance.
An Approach to Reduce the Sample Consumption for LIBS based Identification of Explosive Materials
Authors: Anubham S.K. , Junjuri R. , Myakalwar A.K. , Gundawar M.K.
Published: June 2017

An experimental design based on spectral construction, which has potential to minimise the sample consumption, the number of laser shots and time required to collect the data from laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for identification of the explosive materials is reported in the study. This approach is an ideal solution in the field of hazardous material detection, where the availability of the sample can be a serious limiting factor. The experimental data recorded on a set of five high energy materials has been considered to test the performance of the proposed methodology. Multiple spectra are constructed by assuming a normal distribution at each wavelength of the spectrum, where random numbers are generated using the mean and standard deviations obtained from arbitrarily chosen five experimental spectra from each class. The newly generated spectra are called as synthetic spectra. The correct classification obtained from – K - nearest neighbour combined with principal component analysis and partial least square – discriminant analysis demonstrated very promising results. The correct classification rates differed by only
4 per cent - 7 per cent as compared to conventional approach where experimental spectra alone are considered for the analysis. Further, when RDX is excluded, the obtained results are almost identical with conventional approach.
Investigation on Semi-active Suspension System for Multi-axle Armoured Vehicle using Co-simulation
Authors: Trikande Mukund W. , Jagirdar Vinit V. , Rajamohan Vasudevan , Sampat Rao P.R.
Published: June 2017

The objective of the study is to evaluate the performance of various semi-active suspension control strategies for 8x8 multi-axle armoured vehicles in terms of comparative analysis of ride quality and mobility parameters during negotiation of typical military obstacles. Since the cost, complexity and time precludes realisation of actual system, co-simulation technique has been effectively implemented for this investigation. Co-simulation combines advanced virtual prototyping and control technology which offers a novel approach to investigate the dynamics of such complex system. The simulations for the integrated control system along with multi body model of the vehicle are carried out for the control strategies, viz. continuous sky hook control, cascade loop control and cascade loop with ride control and compared with passive suspension system. The vehicle with 8x8 configuration is run on the real world obstacle profiles, viz. step, trench, trapezoidal bump and corrugated road and the effect of control strategies on ride comfort, wheel displacement and ground reaction is presented. It is observed that cascade loop with ride control in semi-active mode offers better vehicle ride comfort while crossing the said obstacles. The improved performance parameters are achieved through stabilisation of heave, pitch and roll motions of the vehicle through outer loop and isolation of vehicle level uneven disturbances through the fuzzy logic controller employed in inner loop.
Kesetimbangan Fasa Ekstraksi β-Karotin Dari Minyak Sawit dengan CO2 Superkritik
Authors: Prasetyaningrum Aji
Published: June 2017

Karotin merupakan komponen minor bernilai tinggi yang terkandung dalam minyak sawit. Peranan karotin adalah sebagai unsure pendukung vitamin A dan mencegah penyakit kanker. Hal ini membantu meningkatkan harga jual dari β-karotin.Untuk bahan makanan dan obat-obatan perlu dikembangkan metode pemisahan yang dapat mengambil produk tanpa mendegradasi bahan bakunya. Ekstraksi dengan pelarut superkritik merupakan metode pemisahan yang memanfaatkan daya melarutkan dan sifat-sifat difusional fluida superkritik. Penggunaan pelarut tidak berbahaya (CO2) dan dapat dipisahkan dari produk akhir dengan metode pemisahan yang sederhana dan hemat energy merupakan keunggulan proses ini.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan model kesetimbangan fasa ekstraksi superkritik β-karotin dari minyal sawit dengan persamaan keadaan Redlich-Kwong-Soave dan Peng Robinson yang dilengkapi aturan pencampuran asli maupun aturan pencampuran Kwak-Mansoori. Data yang tersedia dari literature dipergunakan untuk menentukan harga optimum parameter interaksi biner dalam system tersebut. Model kesetimbangan fase yang didapat selanjutnya digunakan untuk melacak kondisi operasi serta untuk memerikan gambaran tentang kebutuhan perancangan peralatan pemisahan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi operasi yang optimal untuk proses ekstrasi superkritik β-karotin dari minyak sawit adalah pada suhu 70 0C dan tekanan 300 bar.pada kondisi operasi tersebut dicapai selektivitas proses yang tertinggi.Kata kunci : β-karotin, minyak sawit, CO2 superkritik
New saprobic marine fungi and a new combination
Authors: Abdel-Wahab Mohamed A. , Dayarathne Monika C. , Suetrong Satinee , Guo Sheng-Yu , Alias Siti Aisyah , Bahkali Ali H. , Nagahama Takahiko , Elgorban Abdallah M. , Abdel-Aziz Faten A. , Hodhod Mohamed S. , Al-Hebshi Mohamed O. , Hyde Kevin D. , Nor Norlailatul A.B.M. , Pang Ka-Lai , Jones E.B. Gareth
Published: June 2017

This paper documents five new saprobic marine fungi occurring on various substrata in the marine environment.
Influence of Information Technology on Organization Strategy
Authors: Sibanda Mabutho , Ramrathan Durrel
Published: June 2017

The exponential development of information technology has presented many opportunities to organizations; however, it has also presented several challenges. A key challenge is how do organizations effectively use information technology and incorporate it into their strategies to make full use of its capabilities as an enabler. The fast-changing nature of information technology has resulted in little empirical evidence on how it influences organization strategy. The Strategic Alignment Model was a popular model created to assist organizations to align their information technology and their business strategy; however, the growth of technology may have made this model irrelevant in this age. Therefore, organizations need to determine what factors drive this alignment. Using hermeneutic phenomenology, 12 in-depth interviews were conducted within IBM South Africa to determine real-life drivers that help create this alignment. The themes derived from the interview texts reveal that consumers are becoming more empowered; therefore, organizations need to be more flexible in their business models and strategies. Furthermore, the integration of cross-functional roles in the organization at the management level allow for improved alignment between information technology and strategy as better integrated roles bring a combination of these two elements.
Level of Internet use among Greek adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Daniilidou Katerina , Triantafyllou Panagiota , Resta Maria , Dimitriadou Meropi , Christoforidis Athanasios
Published: June 2017

Background

Compulsive Internet use has emerged as a contemporary addictive behavior. Our aim was to investigate the reasons for Greek adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and their families to use the Internet and additionally to investigate the level of Internet use and its associations to demographic, socio-economic parameters and glycemic control.

Methods

Patients with T1DM, aged >12 years and their parents were recruited during their regular visits to the Pediatric Diabetes Clinic. A similar group of healthy children, age- and sex-matched served as a control group. All participants were asked to fill out the Greek translated version of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Caregivers of patients with T1DM were asked to complete a second questionnaire consisting of questions regarding demographic and socio-economic data of the family and data concerning disease management.

Results

Thirty-five patients with T1DM (mean decimal age of 14.95 ± 1.90 years) and 35 controls participated in the study. Nine patients were on an insulin pump whereas the rest were on multiple daily injections. The mean total score of the patients’ IAT questionnaires was significantly lower compared to the controls (26.26 ± 12.67 vs. 39.91 ± 18.55, p = 0.003). Controls were characterized as exhibiting moderate addictive behavior at a significantly higher percentage than patients (31.43% vs. 2.86%, p = 0.002). All patients on insulin pumps demonstrated normal Internet use. Mild addictive behavior was associated with a lower parental educational level. Finally, level of Internet use (IAT score) was positively associated to glycemic control (HbA1c value) with a correlation that was approaching significance (r = 0.315, p = 0.065).

Conclusions

Adolescents with T1DM and especially those on an insulin pump exhibit normal Internet use compared to their healthy peers. Time consumed on Internet correlates reversibly with glycemic control.
Associations among daytime sleepiness, depression and suicidal ideation in Korean adolescents
Authors: Yang Boksun , Choe Kwisoon , Park Youngrye , Kang Youngmi
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of daytime sleepiness on depression and suicidal ideation in adolescent high-school students. A survey of 538 high school students aged 16–17 years attending two academic schools was conducted. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Beck Depression Inventory and the Scale for Suicide Ideation were used to assess subjects’ daytime sleepiness, depression and suicidal ideation. The mean score for daytime sleepiness was 8.52, which indicates a sleep deficit. Significant positive correlations were found between daytime sleepiness and depression, between daytime sleepiness and suicidal ideation and between depression and suicidal ideation. Gender and depression were significant predictors of suicidal ideation, accounting for 48% of the variance in this measure. Depression acts as a mediator of the relationship between daytime sleepiness and suicidal ideation. High school students in Korea generally have insufficient sleep time and feel sleepy during the day; insufficient sleep during adolescence may be associated with depression and suicidal ideation.
Factors contributing to intentional injuries in Iranian university students
Authors: Kasgary Kobra Abedian , Hamzehgardeshi Zeinab , Shahhosseini Zohreh
Published: June 2017

Background

Intentional injuries refer to injuries resulting from purposeful human action, whether directed at oneself or others. This study was performed to assess intentional injuries in Iranian university students.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was carried out with 430 female and male university in three higher education institutions located in the northern part of Iran in the year 2015. Samples were chosen through the stratified cluster random sampling method. They were requested to fill out the demographic data form and the Persian version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis via the SPSS v.13 software.

Findings

Intentional injuries were more frequent in the male university students than female (p < 0.05). Also, 9.1% and 6.7% of the university students were physically injured or sexually assaulted by a boy/girl friend. No statistically significant difference was reported in dating violence between the male and female university students. The logistic regression test showed that the history of stealing money from parents without their permission, son’s preferences in the family and gender are the most important predisposing factors for the university students’ intentional injury.

Conclusion

It is suggested that health policy makers consider the role of family in programs that have been designed for improving the health of young people.
Oppressed no more? Indigenous language regimentation in plurinational Bolivia
Authors: Gustafson Bret
Published: June 2017

Indigenous language regimentation in Bolivia is traced through historical legal documents and contemporary transformations. While state language policy is often fragmented and improvisational, non-state linguistic activist networks have taken an increasingly significant role in shaping state policy. Under the government of Evo Morales, explicit state measures to preserve and develop Indigenous languages are discussed as incipient shifts toward a more decolonizing mode of language regimentation. It remains to be seen whether the new state position will lay the groundwork for robust language revitalization at the level of Indigenous language communities.
On language regimes in the Americas: Mexicano illustrations
Authors: Flores Farfán José Antonio
Published: June 2017

In this article several heteroglossic expressions of language regimes will be presented. To this end, I will succinctly discuss a series of (socio) linguistic issues related to the use of one of the major Indigenous languages in Mexico – namely, Mexicano (Nahuatl) – in its political, ideological and pragmatic arenas. This includes a consideration of Mexicano political economies, entailing a dispute over the politics of representation of Mexicano verbal culture in different ambits in which language plays an outstanding role. Comparing different linguistic politics of interpretation will allow an understanding of antagonistic voices regarding competing (e.g., ethnographic, linguistic) approaches, including different linguists’ and anthropologists’ descriptions vis-à-vis varying actors’ contradictory perspectives on the same or similar facts. These will encompass political, ideological and pragmatic uses and ideologies, in both historical and contemporary domains, including the written and oral worlds.
On the universality of “rights”: Absence and presence of “rights” in the Chinese language
Authors: Cao Deborah
Published: June 2017

This paper wishes to challenge the proposition that the word “rights” is a universal and innate concept in human societies. It provides an analysis of the absence and presence of the word “rights” in the Chinese language and culture in traditional and contemporary China. It presents a linguistic and cultural explanation for the fact that classical Chinese language and culture did not have an equivalent word or concept for the English word “rights.” After the word and concept of “rights” were introduced to China from the West in the second half of the nineteenth century, the new word
A Parallel Algorithm for Wavelet Transform-Based Color Image Compression
Authors: Singh Piyush Kumar , Singh Ravi Shankar , Rai Kabindra Nath
Published: June 2017

Wavelet transforms emerge as one of the popular techniques in image compression. This technique is accepted by the JPEG Committee for the next-generation image compression standard JPEG-2000. Convolution-based strategy is widely used in calculating the wavelet transform of the image. A convolution-based wavelet transform consists of a large number of multiplications and additions. A color image consists of a two-dimensional matrix each for red, green, and blue colors. An ordinary way to calculate the wavelet transform of a color image includes calculating the transform of the intensity matrix of the red, green, and blue components. In this article, we present a parallel algorithm for calculating the convolution-based wavelet transform of the red, green, and blue intensity components simultaneously in color images, which can run on commonly used processors. This means that it needs no extra hardware. The results are also compared to the nonparallel algorithm based on compression time, mean square error, compression ratio, and peak signal-to-noise ratio. Complexity analysis and comparative complexity analysis with some other papers are also shown here.
Computational study of the substituent effects on the gas-phase stabilities of phenylboranylmethyl anions
Authors: Nakata Kazuhide , Fujio Mizue
Published: June 2017

The relative gas-phase stabilities of ring-substituted phenylboranylmethyl anions were computationally determined using isodesmic reactions. The energies of species included in the reactions were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) level of theory. The obtained substituent effects were analyzed by the extended Yukawa-Tsuno equation, and unexpectedly substantial r
− (0.59) and s (0.65) values were found for the fully-optimized planar anion. The substantial through-resonance effect quantified by the r
− value was observed, although it is not possible to draw a canonical form in which the negative charge is delocalized on the benzene ring. Substituent effects were also analyzed for the anions in which the dihedral angle (φ) between the side chain plane and the benzene ring was fixed. The r
− value decreased significantly by changing the φ from 0° to 90°, while the s value changed little. NBO analyses revealed that the r
− value is proportional to the sum of the π–π* and σ–π* orbital interactions between the side chain and the benzene ring. This fact shows that the through-resonance effect quantified by the r
− value is present at all φ, and therefore, the anion cannot become an ideal σ
0-reference system. The constant saturation effect quantified by the s value can be explained by the constant charge distributed to the benzene ring. The combination of substituent-effect analysis and NBO analysis successfully revealed the nature of the anion.
Partizipative Gesundheitsforschung mit älteren Menschen im Wohnquartier
Authors: Kumpers Susanne , Kuhnemund Christina , Nemelka Miguel
Published: June 2017

Der Artikel zeigt Fragestellungen und Vorgehensweisen partizipativer Gesundheitsforschung (PGF) fur und mit alteren Menschen fur die Entwicklung gesundheitsforderlicher Wohnquartiere auf. Dabei werden Kooperationen mit Akteuren aus Verwaltung und Zivilgesellschaft erprobt. Die Beteiligung insbesondere benachteiligter Gruppen erweist sich als voraussetzungsreich und erfordert vielfaltige Zugange zu Zielgruppen. Reflexive Wissenschafts- und Praxiskooperationen ermoglichen lokale Lernprozesse.
„Den Jahren Leben geben!“ Das gilt auch für lebenslang behinderte Menschen
Authors: Lehr Ursula
Published: June 2017

Immer mehr lebenslang Behinderte erleben das Ende ihres Arbeitslebens, ihres Werkstattbesuchs. Damit entfällt die Strukturierung ihres Tagesablaufs, die Möglichkeit sozialer Kontakte, vielseitiger Anregung und das Erleben, eine Aufgabe geschafft zu haben. Diese Umstellung ist eine einschneidende Verengung ihres Lebensraumes. Ist dann die Familie durch die ganztägige Anwesenheit zuhause überfordert, erfolgt gleichzeitig eine Heimübersiedlung. Ein kritisches Lebensereignis, das hilfreich begleitet werden muss. Strukturierende Freizeitaktivitäten sind notwendig.
Kognitive Veränderungen im Alter: Förderung kognitiver Kontrolle als präventiver Ansatz?
Authors: Schipper Marc , Scherenberg Viviane
Published: June 2017

Auch gesundes Altern geht nicht ohne kognitive Defizite einher. Bei Betrachtung des aktuellen Erkenntnisstands zu kognitiven Veränderungen im gesunden Alterungsprozess stellt sich eine dysfunktionale kognitive Kontrolle als ein Kerndefizit heraus. Moderne Präventionsansätze verfolgen das Ziel, den im gesunden Alterungsprozess vermuteten Veränderungen der kognitiven Kontrolle entgegenzuwirken.
Gerontologische Kompetenzen für Pflegekräfte
Authors: Pundt Johanne , Schöpke Birte
Published: June 2017

Mit veränderten Pflege- und Versorgungsbedarfen werden insbesondere auch die Handlungs- und Qualifizierungsprofile in Bezug auf die Pflege älterer Menschen in immer stärkerem Maße konfrontiert. Die Wissenschaftsdisziplin der Gerontologie hat einen interdisziplinären Weg ermöglicht. In dem Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche gerontologischen Fachkompetenzen für Pflegekräfte im Rahmen eines berufsbegleitenden Master-Studiengangs notwendig sind.
Neuropsychologische Frühdiagnostik von kognitiven Störungen und Demenzen im Alter
Authors: Kalbe Elke , Folkerts Ann-Kristin , Hossner Karlin , Kessler Josef
Published: June 2017

Für die Frühdiagnostik kognitiver Störungen und Demenzen sind sensitive kognitive Screenings (z.B. MoCA, DemTect) hilfreiche Instrumente, die zeitökonomisch verschiedene kognitive Domänen erfassen. Für eine weitere Diagnostik sollte eine elaborierte neuropsychologische Untersuchung erfolgen. Zur Abklärung von Beeinträchtigungen der Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens (ADL) ist eine (Fremd-)Anamnese angezeigt, und es steht zusätzlich eine Reihe standardisierter Fragebögen zur Verfügung.
Gesund Altern: Martha Nussbaums Gerechtigkeits-Ethik
Authors: Hahn Daphne
Published: June 2017

Derzeit besteht die Tendenz, Verantwortlichkeit für Gesundheit im Alter zu individualisieren, was bedeutet, ohnehin Benachteiligte für ihre gesundheitlichen Probleme verantwortlich zu machen. Aus ethischen Grundsätzen von Public Health lässt sich eine Verantwortlichkeit der Gesellschaft ableiten, Menschen zu einer guten Lebensführung zu befähigen und Bedingungen für Gesundheit zu schaffen. Hilfreich ist der gerechtigkeitsethische Ansatz von Martha Nussbaum. Sie definiert Befähigungen, zu denen die Gesellschaft Menschen verhelfen sollte, um all ihren Mitgliedern ein würdiges Leben im Alter zu ermöglichen.
Das Nationale Gesundheitsziel Gesund älter werden
Authors: Herweck Rudolf
Published: June 2017

Das Gesundheitsziel „Gesund älter werden“ zielt darauf ab, den Herausforderungen der Alterung der Bevölkerung und der damit einhergehenden höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit des Auftretens von Krankheiten zu begegnen. Es sollen Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention gestärkt, die Versorgungsstrukturen an die Bedürfnisse älterer Menschen angepasst und Augenmerk auf bestimmte schwere Krankheiten gerichtet werden. Durch das Präventionsgesetz haben sich die Chancen für die Umsetzung der Empfehlungen des Gesundheitsziels erhöht.
Wirksamkeit körperlicher Aktivität bei Bewohnern in der stationären Pflege
Authors: Blättner Beate , Wöhl Caroline , Siebert Hendrik
Published: June 2017

Pflegekassen haben den Auftrag, Leistungen zur universellen Prävention bei Bewohnern in der stationären Pflege zu erbringen. Aufgrund unzureichender synthetisierter Evidenz für das Handlungsfeld körperliche Aktivität wurde ein systematisches Review erstellt. Interventionen zur Förderung körperlicher Aktivität könnten danach die Durchführbarkeit der Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens begünstigen. Konzeptionelle und methodische Mängel der Primärstudien erschweren generell Wirksamkeitsnachweise.
Suizid und Alter: Eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Schaar Yannick , Schipper Marc
Published: June 2017

In Deutschland und vielen anderen Ländern ist die Altersgruppe der über 65-Jährigen gemessen am Anteil dieser Gruppe an der Gesamtbevölkerung übermäßig in Suizidstatistiken vertreten. Als Risikofaktoren gelten das Vorliegen von sozialen Stressoren, körperlichen und psychischen Beeinträchtigungen, eingeschränkter Funktion sowie ungünstiger Problembewältigungsstrategien. Indikator für suizidales Verhalten sind Suizidgedanken. Bei der Identifikation von Suizidgefährdeten spielen Hausärzte eine zentrale Rolle. Therapeutische Angebote sind vorhanden und wirksam, werden aber aktuell nur selten in Anspruch genommen.
Aktiv mobil im ländlichen Raum – was denken die zukünftigen „Alten“?
Authors: Knorr Christina , Schlicht Wolfgang
Published: June 2017

Der ländliche Raum ist von Abwanderungen junger Menschen in die Städte betroffen. Zurück bleiben die Alten. Damit diese auch zukünftig gesund älter werden, sollten sie mobil bleiben. Vor allem körperliche Aktivität (Zufußgehen und Radfahren) stabilisiert und fördert ihre Gesundheit. Der Beitrag benennt die Bedingungen, die zu aktiver Mobilität motivieren und fasst zusammen, was Mitglieder der Babyboomer-Generation (geb. 1954 bis 1969) – die zukünftigen Alten – über ihre Mobilität denken.
Patientenorientierung in der akut-stationären Versorgung älterer Patienten
Authors: Rutz Maria , Junius-Walker Ulrike , Dierks Marie-Luise
Published: June 2017

Patientenorientierung ist seit Jahren ein wichtiges Thema in der Gesundheitsversorgung. Trotzdem ist die Patientenperspektive im Alltag der Versorgungseinrichtungen nicht immer im Fokus. Wie genau die Umsetzung der Patientenorientierung aus Patienten-, Angehörigen- und Forschersicht in der stationären Behandlung von älteren Patienten erfolgt, war deshalb Gegenstand einer qualitativen Beobachtungs- und Befragungsstudie. Aus den Ergebnissen lassen sich zukünftige Implikationen für eine Verbesserung der Patientenorientierung ableiten.
Entomological and Thermo-Hygrometric Monitoring at the Angelica Library in Rome (Italy)
Authors: Fizialetti Giorgia , Ventura Alessandra , Fidomanzo Mirella , Filippucci Maria Grazia
Published: June 2017

Results of entomological and thermo-hygrometric monitoring carried out at the Angelica Library in Rome are presented and discussed. Monitoring was carried out for a whole year, from April 2015 to March 2016. The purpose was to verify the possible presence of infestations of the stored goods within the building by pest species and to evaluate the possible correlation between environmental parameters found within the various areas examined and the density of the pest species found. Several pest insects were found in the library but only the beetles of the family Dermestidae can be regarded as particularly harmful and dangerous. This family was present with the genera Attagenus and Anthrenus. The presence and the frequency of other pest organisms (silverfish, booklice and isopods) can be kept under control by monitoring the environmental parameters. Psocottera were represented by the genera Liposcelis and Dorypteryx. More dangerous pest species such as anobiids, termites, cockroaches or rodents were not found in the library.