bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alopecia Areata Occurring after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Single-Center, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tassone Francesco , Cappilli Simone , Antonelli Flaminia , Zingarelli Ruggiero , Chiricozzi Andrea , Peris Ketty
Published: September 2022

Limited data concerning the development of autoimmune skin diseases after COVID-19 vaccination are currently available. Recently, a few reports described the development, worsening or recurrence of alopecia areata after the administration of COVID-19 vaccines. High variability in terms of disease onset following vaccination as well as the heterogeneous topical and/or systemic treatment approaches have been described. Methods: All patient-related data and images were obtained as part of clinical routine. Diagnosis of alopecia areata was established according to clinical and trichoscopic findings, along with the exclusion of common differential diagnoses. Results. Twenty-four patients, 20 females (83.3%) and four males (16.7%), with a mean age of 39.1 years (age range: 14–66 years), were examined for the occurrence of alopecia areata within 16 weeks after COVID-19 vaccination. Out of 24, 14 patients (58.3%) experienced a patchy alopecia areata, while an extensive disease occurred in 10/24 patients (41.7%): six patients with whole scalp involvement (alopecia areata totalis) and four patients with the whole body affected (alopecia areata universalis). Twelve patients reported a history of autoimmune disease (50%). Treatment with topical corticosteroid was performed in almost all patients with patchy alopecia areata, whilst it was associated with systemic drugs (corticosteroids, minoxidil, cyclosporin) in the case of generalized alopecia areata and alopecia areata universalis. Mean baseline values of Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score decreased from 43.4 to 36.6 after 12 weeks of treatment, with evidence of hair regrowth in 16/21 patients. Conclusion. This study described the occurrence of alopecia areata after COVID-19 vaccination and its management that implicates the use of both topical and systemic therapies.
Attitudes and Beliefs around the Value of Vaccination in the United States
Authors: Childers-Strawbridge Sarah , Eiden Amanda L. , Nyaku Mawuli K. , Bhatti Alexandra A.
Published: September 2022

Despite the benefits of immunization, differences in attitudes persist toward vaccines. We captured individuals’ perceptions of vaccines and vaccination across the United States (US) to inform vaccine-related policy development. A survey was completed by 5000 respondents from 10 states. Respondents were screened for inclusion, which included individuals ≥ 18 years of age that had received a vaccine or were unvaccinated but indicated a favorable or neutral attitude towards vaccinations. Participants were excluded if they indicated they did not support the idea of vaccinations. Questions explored perceptions of vaccines for all age groups. Among unvaccinated individuals, the most common concerns were about safety (38%). Most respondents (95%) highlighted the importance of state immunization programs for disease prevention. Access to health and immunization records and immunization information systems were important to 96% and 88% of respondents, respectively, for future health planning. Doctors and healthcare professionals (HCPs) were considered trusted sources for vaccine information (95%). Overall, respondents recognized the importance of vaccination, but documented concerns among the unvaccinated indicated a need for greater promotion regarding vaccine safety. Doctors and HCPs, as trusted information sources, should continue to and increasingly advocate for the importance of immunization to increase vaccine uptake.
Reduced Antibody Acquisition with Increasing Age following Vaccination with BNT162b2: Results from Two Longitudinal Cohort Studies in The Netherlands
Authors: van den Hoogen Lotus Leonie , Boer Mardi , Postema Abigail , de Rond Lia , de Zeeuw-Brouwer Mary-lène , Pronk Inge , Wijmenga-Monsuur Alienke Jentien , Bijvank Elske , Kruiper Caitlyn , Beckers Lisa , Maurik Marjan Bogaard-van , Zutt Ilse , van Vliet Jeffrey , van Bergen Rianne , Kuijer Marjan , Smits Gaby , Verschuren W. M. Monique , Picavet H. Susan J. , van der Klis Fiona Regina Maria , den Hartog Gerco , van Binnendijk Robert Samuel , Buisman Anne-Marie
Published: September 2022

Vaccine-induced protection against severe COVID-19, hospitalization, and death is of the utmost importance, especially in the elderly. However, limited data are available on humoral immune responses following COVID-19 vaccination in the general population across a broad age range. We performed an integrated analysis of the effect of age, sex, and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on Spike S1-specific (S1) IgG concentrations up to three months post-BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech; Comirnaty) vaccination. In total, 1735 persons, eligible for COVID-19 vaccination through the national program, were recruited from the general population (12 to 92 years old). Sixty percent were female, and the median vaccination interval was 35 days (interquartile range, IQR: 35–35). All participants had seroconverted to S1 one month after two vaccine doses. S1 IgG was higher in participants with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (median: 4535 BAU/mL, IQR: 2341–7205) compared to infection-naive persons (1842 BAU/mL, 1019–3116), p < 0.001. In infection-naive persons, linear mixed effects regression showed a strong negative association between age and S1 IgG (p < 0.001) across the entire age range. Females had higher S1 IgG than males (p < 0.001). In persons with an infection history, age nor sex was associated with S1 IgG concentrations. The lower magnitude of S1 antibodies in older persons following COVID-19 vaccination will affect long-term protection.
A Lesson from the Green Pass Experience in Italy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Campanozzi Laura Leondina , Tambone Vittoradolfo , Ciccozzi Massimo
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 outbreak has raised several global challenges related to disease management while highlighting the need to embrace a multidimensional approach in dealing with events such as. Due to the singular features of SARS-CoV-2, an appropriate medical response was required to develop new vaccines able to tackle it effectively. Mass vaccination plans were thus promptly launched around the world. However, vaccine uptake has been coupled with growing concerns that have affected people’s willingness to get vaccinated. To promote compliance with vaccination campaigns, many governments introduced the use of vaccination certificates and immunization passports. Studies have discussed some benefits and cons coupled with the rollout of vaccine passports or certificates. This paper takes up and extends this discussion by showing the results of a mini- narrative review we undertook with the aim of critically summarizing the existing scholarly research on the Green Pass in Italy. In analyzing the 12 included records, we explored the scientific viability of this measure, as well as the concerns and criticisms it has raised and the recommendations that have been proposed to address them, as a starting point to consider how the lesson learned in the Italian context can contribute to informing future reflections and strategies in view ofanother pandemic event.
Vaccinating Front-Line Healthcare Workers: Results of a Pre-Pandemic Cross-Sectional Study from North-Eastern Italy on First Responders
Authors: Riccò Matteo , Vezzosi Luigi , Marchesi Federico
Published: September 2022

First responders are front-line healthcare workers who are potentially exposed to different infectious agents. Characterizing their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards immunization, therefore, has the potential to significantly improve occupational health and safety. A cross-sectional study was performed in October 2018 using a sample of 161 first responders from the Parma Province (mean age 45.1 ± 14.1 years; seniority 10.8 ± 8.6 years). The participants were questioned on three recommended vaccinations (i.e., the seasonal influenza, measles, and pertussis vaccines) and on meningococcal vaccines (not officially recommended for first responders). The participant’s knowledge status and risk perception were assessed as percentage values through a specifically designed questionnaire. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for factors associated with vaccination status were calculated by means of a binary logistic regression analysis. The internal consistency result, calculated using a general knowledge test, was good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.894), but the corresponding score was unsatisfying (46.5% ± 32.4), evidencing uncertainties surrounding the recommendations for measles and meningococcal vaccines (39.1% and 34.2% incorrect answers, respectively). While the large majority of respondents were favorable towards the meningococcal (89.4%), measles (87.5%), and pertussis vaccines (83.0%), 55.3% exhibited a favorable attitude toward the seasonal influenza vaccine, the uptake of which in 2018, was reported by 28.0% of respondents, compared to the self-reported lifetime status for meningitis (26.1%), measles (42.2%), and pertussis (34.8%). Not coincidentally, all assessed infections were associated with a low-risk perception score, particularly influenza (33.9% ± 18.4). Interestingly enough, neither knowledge status nor risk perception were associated with vaccination rates. More precisely, the main predictor for being vaccinated against seasonal influenza in 2018 was a seniority of ≥10 years (aOR 3.26, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.35–7.91), while both pertussis and measles were positively associated with higher educational achievement (aOR 3.27, 95%CI 1.29–8.30; and aOR 2.69, 95%CI 1.09–6.65, respectively). The reasons for vaccination gaps among the sampled first responders, apparently, did not find their roots in inappropriate knowledge status and risk perception alone. However, the very low rates of sampled immunization lead us to recommend stronger and more appropriate information campaigns.
In Silico Discovery of GPCRs and GnRHRs as Novel Binding Receptors of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Could Explain Neuroendocrine Disorders in COVID-19
Authors: Elkazzaz Mahmoud , Ahmed Amr , Abo-Amer Yousry Esam-Eldin , Hydara Tamer , Haikal Abdullah , Razek Dina N. Abd El , Eltayb Wafa Ali , Wang Xiling , Karpiński Tomasz M. , Hamza Dalia , Jabbar Basit , Shamkh Israa M.
Published: September 2022

Despite the intense research work since the beginning of the pandemic, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not yet clearly understood. The previous mechanism of COVID-19, based on ACE2 tropism and explained through a single receptor, is insufficient to explain the pathogenesis due to the absence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in most of the affected organs. In the current study, we used the PatchDock server to run a molecular docking study of both the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) and G-protein-coupled-receptor (GPCR) with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were run to analyze the stability of the complexes using the GROMACS package. The docking results showed a high affinity between the spike protein with the GnRHR (−1424.9 kcal/mol) and GPCR (−1451.8 kcal/mol). The results of the MD simulations revealed the significant stability of the spike protein with the GnRHR and GPCR up to 100 ns. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein had strong binding interactions with the GPCRs and GnRHRs, which are highly expressed in the brain, endocrine organs, and olfactory neurons. This study paves the way towards understanding the complex mechanism of neuroendocrine involvement and peripheral organ involvement, may explain the changing symptoms in patients due to new variants, and may lead to the discovery of new drug targets for COVID-19. In vitro studies involving genetic engineering or gene knockdown of the GPCRs and GnRHRs are needed to further investigate the role of these receptors in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
An Efficacious Transgenic Strategy for Triple Knockout of Xeno-Reactive Antigen Genes GGTA1, CMAH, and B4GALNT2 from Jeju Native Pigs
Authors: Yoon Seungwon , Lee Seulgi , Park Chungyu , Choi Hyunyong , Yoo Minwoo , Lee Sang Chul , Hyun Cheol-Ho , Kim Nameun , Kang Taeyoung , Son Eugene , Ghosh Mrinmoy , Son Young-Ok , Hur Chang-Gi
Published: September 2022

Pigs are promising donors of biological materials for xenotransplantation; however, cell surface carbohydrate antigens, including galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (α-Gal), N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), and Sd blood group antigens, play a significant role in porcine xenograft rejection. Inactivating swine endogenous genes, including GGTA1, CMAH, and B4GALNT2, decreases the binding ratio of human IgG/IgM in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and erythrocytes and impedes the effectiveness of α-Gal, Neu5Gc, and Sd, thereby successfully preventing hyperacute rejection. Therefore, in this study, an effective transgenic system was developed to target GGTA1, CMAH, and B4GALNT2 using CRISPR-CAS9 and develop triple-knockout pigs. The findings revealed that all three antigens (α-Gal, Neu5Gc, and Sd) were not expressed in the heart, lungs, or liver of the triple-knockout Jeju Native Pigs (JNPs), and poor expression of α-Gal and Neu5G was confirmed in the kidneys. Compared with the kidney, heart, and lung tissues from wild-type JNPs, those from GGTA1/CMAH/ B4GALNT2 knockout-recipient JNPs exhibited reduced human IgM and IgG binding and expression of each immunological rejection component. Hence, reducing the expression of swine xenogeneic antigens identifiable by human immunoglobulins can lessen the immunological rejection against xenotransplantation. The findings support the possibility of employing knockout JNP organs for xenogeneic transplantation to minimize or completely eradicate rejection using multiple gene-editing methods.
Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Interferon-Stimulated Gene Responses Induced by Seasonal Influenza A Virus with Varying Growth Capabilities in Human Lung Epithelial Cell Lines
Authors: Hinay Alfredo A. , Kakee Sosuke , Kageyama Seiji , Tsuneki-Tokunaga Akeno , Perdana Waldy Y. , Akena Yui , Nishiyama Shota , Kanai Kyosuke
Published: September 2022

In a previous study, we described the diverse growth capabilities of circulating seasonal influenza A viruses (IAVs) with low to high viral copy numbers in vitro. In this study, we analyzed the cause of differences in growth capability by evaluating pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-β) and antiviral interferon-stimulated genes (ISG-15, IFIM1, and TRIM22). A549 cells (3.0 × 105 cells) were inoculated with circulating seasonal IAV strains and incubated for 6 and 24 h. In cells inoculated for 6 h, IAV production was assessed using IAV-RNA copies in the culture supernatant and cell pellets to evaluate gene expression. At 24 h post-infection, cells were collected for IFN-β and ISG-15 protein expression. A549 cells inoculated with seasonal IAV strains with a high growth capability expressed lower levels of IFN-β and ISGs than strains with low growth capabilities. Moreover, suppression of the JAK/STAT pathway enhanced the viral copies of seasonal IAV strains with a low growth capability. Our results suggest that the expression of ISG-15, IFIM1, and TRIM22 in seasonal IAV-inoculated A549 cells could influence the regulation of viral replication, indicating the existence of strains with high and low growth capability. Our results may contribute to the development of new and effective therapeutic strategies to reduce the risk of severe influenza infections.
Essential Oils as a Dietary Additive for Small Ruminants: A Meta-Analysis on Performance, Rumen Parameters, Serum Metabolites, and Product Quality
Authors: Dorantes-Iturbide Griselda , Orzuna-Orzuna José Felipe , Lara-Bueno Alejandro , Mendoza-Martínez Germán David , Miranda-Romero Luis Alberto , Lee-Rangel Héctor Aarón
Published: September 2022

There is an increasing pressure to identify natural feed additives that improve the productivity and health of livestock, without affecting the quality of derived products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with essential oils (EOs) on productive performance, rumen parameters, serum metabolites, and quality of products (meat and milk) derived from small ruminants by means of a meta-analysis. Seventy-four peer-reviewed publications were included in the data set. Weighted mean differences (WMD) between the EOs treatments and the control treatment were used to assess the magnitude of effect. Dietary inclusion of EOs increased (p < 0.05) dry matter intake (WMD = 0.021 kg/d), dry matter digestibility (WMD = 14.11 g/kg of DM), daily weight gain (WMD = 0.008 kg/d), and feed conversion ratio (WMD = −0.111). The inclusion of EOs in small ruminants’ diets decreased (p < 0.05) ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration (WMD = −0.310 mg/dL), total protozoa (WMD = −1.426 × 105/mL), methanogens (WMD = −0.60 × 107/mL), and enteric methane emissions (WMD = −3.93 L/d) and increased ruminal propionate concentration (WMD = 0.726 mol/100 mol, p < 0.001). The serum urea concentration was lower (WMD = −0.688 mg/dL; p = 0.009), but serum catalase (WMD = 0.204 ng/mL), superoxide dismutase (WMD = 0.037 ng/mL), and total antioxidant capacity (WMD = 0.749 U/mL) were higher (p < 0.05) in response to EOs supplementation. In meat, EOs supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) the cooking loss (WMD = −0.617 g/100 g), malondialdehyde content (WMD = −0.029 mg/kg of meat), yellowness (WMD = −0.316), and total viable bacterial count (WMD = −0.780 CFU/g of meat). There was higher (p < 0.05) milk production (WMD = 0.113 kg/d), feed efficiency (WMD = 0.039 kg/kg), protein (WMD = 0.059 g/100 g), and lactose content in the milk (WMD = 0.100 g/100 g), as well as lower somatic cell counts in milk (WMD = −0.910 × 103 cells/mL) in response to EOs supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with EOs improves productive performance as well as meat and milk quality of small ruminants. In addition, EOs improve antioxidant status in blood serum and rumen fermentation and decrease environmental impact.
Modified Tibial Tuberosity Advancement Rapid in a Dog with One Contralateral Amputated Limb
Authors: Ober Ciprian , Dragomir Mădălina , Aștilean Andreea , McCartney William , Yiapanis Christos , Milgram Joshua
Published: September 2022

Cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) is one of the most frequent causes of hindlimb lameness in dogs. Tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) is a common surgery performed for CCLD. A modified, simplified technique (TTA Rapid) is also reported to have very good clinical outcomes. In this paper, we report a modified TTA Rapid technique to treat a CCLD in a dog with an amputated contralateral hindlimb. A 5-year-old mixed breed dog presented with amputated right hindlimb and difficulty walking. Pain and positive drawer sign were present at manipulation of left stifle joint. Radiographic findings of the stifle joint confirmed the presence of moderate osteoarthritis associated with CCLD, and modified TTA Rapid procedure was performed. Recovery from surgery was uneventful, and the dog was able to stand by his own by the second day postoperative. At three months follow-up evaluation, the dog was free of lameness and the osteotomy site was completely healed. This paper describes the first modified TTA rapid osteotomy technique performed in a dog with a contralateral amputated hindlimb.
Intra- and Interexaminer Measurement Variability Analysis of an Orthodontic Gauge Device to Determine Incisor Occlusal Surface Angles in the Horse
Authors: Kau Silvio , Motter Katharina S. , Moser Viktoria J. , Kunz João R. , Pellachin Matteo , Hartl Bettina
Published: September 2022

Incisor malocclusions are common in horses. As yet, an evidence-based understanding of incisor occlusal surface angle dynamics and normocclusal range is missing. Orthodontic measuring devices could help unravel this information objectively but imply measurement validation. We evaluated intra- and interexaminer variability of repeated sagittal and transversal incisor occlusal surface angle measures using a commercial orthodontic gauge device (MaPHorse1). Five examiners (two experienced, three inexperienced) measured six cadaver heads on 2 consecutive days in a blinded block-randomization design, resulting in 16 measures per examiner*head. Sagittal and transversal angle measures revealed low intraexaminer variability at scale-level independent mean SDs of α 0.58° and α 0.69°, respectively. Sagittal angle measures associate with low interexaminer variability, showing small mean angle differences (max. α 0.51° ± 0.35°), small scatter, and more consistent data reproducibility. Despite comparable mean interexaminer differences, the spread of transversal angle measures was relevantly higher using the proposed landmarks (average 2.2-fold higher interquartile range). The measurement performance of experienced and inexperienced examiners did not systematically differ. The time required for individual measurements was already comparable after 24/96 repetitions. This instrument may help deciphering sagittal angle normocclusal range and orthognathic dynamics and, with a proposed procedural amendment, transversal angle as well.
Leishmania infantum Specific Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Cats and Dogs: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Priolo Vito , Martínez-Orellana Pamela , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Raya-Bermúdez Ana Isabel , Jurado-Tarifa Estefania , Masucci Marisa , Donato Giulia , Bruno Federica , Castelli Germano , Solano-Gallego Laia
Published: September 2022

Dogs are the main reservoir of Leishmania infantum and display different immunological patterns correlating with the progression of infection to disease. Data about feline L. infantum adaptive immune response are scant. This study aimed to compare the prevalence and immune response in cats and dogs from the same endemic area of canine leishmaniosis. Stray cats (109) and rescued dogs (59) from Córdoba (Spain) were enrolled. Data about their exposure to L. infantum were analyzed by detection of parasite DNA, measurements of Leishmania-specific interferon-γ (whole blood assay in 57 cats and 29 dogs), and antibodies (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence antibody test). An overall L. infantum prevalence of 30.5% in dogs and 30% in cats were found according to serology and PCR tests. Prevalence was 44.8% in dogs and 35.1% in cats tested also for interferon-γ production. Dogs showed higher anti-L. infantum antibody levels compared to cats. More than one-third of cats had contact with or were infected by L. infantum and they may contribute to the endemicity of leishmaniosis in the investigated region. The immunopathogenesis of feline L. infantum infection has similarities with dogs but cats show a lower level of adaptive immune response compared to dogs.
Morphological and Morphometrical Aspects of the Auditory Ossicles in the European Badger (Meles Meles)
Authors: Martonos Cristian , Gudea Alexandru , Lațiu Călin , Blagojevic Milos , Stan Florin
Published: September 2022

Given the scarce morphological data regarding the middle ear anatomy of this species, the paper attempts to describe the morphological and morphometrical data of the auditory ossicles in the badger. The study was performed using the standard morphological investigations and provides a complete morphological description of the ossicular assembly (malleus, incus and stapes) with some comparative features and attempts to provide a complete set of standardized metrical data for each ossicle. A more-detailed attempt to compare some functional aspects in the light of combined metrical ratios is also implied.
Parametric Instability of Functionally Graded Porous Cylindrical Panels under the Effect of Static and Time-Dependent Axial Loads
Authors: Zaidan Salah M. , Hasan Hamad M.
Published: September 2022

This work presents an analytical study of the parametric instability of cylindrical panels containing functionally graded porous exposed to static and dynamic periodic axial loads under simply supported boundary conditions. Based on Hamilton’s principle, the governing equation of motion by using first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) has been obtained. By applying the Galerkin technique, an excitation frequency expression is derived, which helps identify areas of instability of functionally graded porous cylindrical panels. Numerical simulations are used to validate the analytical results. Eventually, the impacts of the porosity coefficient, porosity distribution method, static and dynamic periodic axial loads, panel angle, circumferential wave number, and cylindrical panel characteristics on the region of instability are displayed in the section of results and discussions. The findings show that when the porosity is further from the surface, the more stable the structure is. Furthermore, a small angle of the cylindrical panels gives a better dynamic response than a large angle. In addition, increased static and dynamic loads lead to an expansion of areas of instability.
Co-Simulation-Based Verification of Torsional Vibration Protection of Electric-Driven Railway Vehicle Wheelsets
Authors: Abouzeid Ahmed Fathy , Trimpe Fritz Felix , Lück Sönke , Traupe Markus , Guerrero Juan Manuel , Briz Fernando
Published: September 2022

Torsional vibration is an oscillation phenomenon occurring at driven railway vehicle wheelsets. As the resulting dynamic stresses can be significantly larger than the maximum static motor torque, axle and press fit are at risk of failure. To prevent dangerous vibration events and with these, press fit and axle from failure, traction drive manufactures nowadays used to implement vibration suppression algorithms in drive controls. In this paper, the effectiveness of such suppression algorithms is analyzed. Furthermore, as a pilot survey, we analyze to what extend traction controls influence the excitation of torsional vibration.
Diagnostic system for the analysis of log files from remote data processing nodes
Authors:   National University of Food Technologies, Bratskyi V.O. , Miakshylo O.M. ,   National University of Food Technologies, Lytvynov V.A. ,   Institute of Mathematical Machines and Systems Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: September 2022

To monitor and maintain the proper functioning of distributed systems, there are used log events to further analyze and identify the circumstances and causes of deviations from normal operation. Tools to achieve this goal should primarily provide: 1) rapid search and processing of log files in the process of analysis and identification of failure causes; 2) generation of offers for solving the identified problem. This article presents the results of the analysis of the exist-ing tools for logging and log file processing and substantiates the feasibility of the development of the proposed diagnostic system. The general structure of the developed diagnostic system and its functional model are described. In the paper, there are considered the functions of the main software modules: a parser that processes a log file and collects parts of messages into a single log object; a diagnostic module that processes information about an error in a log file ob-ject; and a module for accumulating and using knowledge about the known node malfunctions, ways to fix them and problems that were not previously identified. The choice of MongoDB NoSQL for saving the log file data and knowledge base storage DBMS is substantiated. A uni-fied structure for log file objects has been developed for the MongoDB environment. Diagnos-tics system control – interoperability of modules and their interaction with the database and knowledge base in the MongoDB environment – is provided by the main program LogHelper which allows the user to perform different queries on log objects, monitor their results, inspect known and not previously identified errors, work with unknown malfunctions, manually set their statuses and find a solution from an existing set of solutions. The results of the conducted research show that the developed diagnostic system is highly effective as a maintenance solu-tion for remote data processing nodes and it supports rapid identification of the malfunction and generation of proposed solutions.
Geo-information web-system for presenting the results of the inventory of air pollution emis-sions in Kyiv
Authors:   Institute of Mathematical Machines and Systems Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Maistrenko S.Ya. , Nochvai V.I. ,   Institute of Mathematical Machines and Systems Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dontsov-Zahreba T.O. ,   Institute of Mathematical Machines and Systems Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Khurtsylava K.V. ,   Institute of Mathematical Machines and Systems Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kovalets I.V. ,   Institute of Mathematical Machines and Systems Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: September 2022

In the current work, there has been developed for the first time a geo-information web-system for presenting the results of the inventory of air pollution emissions in Kyiv from industrial en-terprises on the basis of the processing of data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, as well as estimates of geo-distributed emission fields from vehicles. The system contains infor-mation on emissions of 21 pollutants, including those that are regularly monitored in Kyiv by governmental agencies. The system is available via the link http://env.kiev.ua:8080/pollutionsystem/ pollutionsystem.html. Its main features – viewing on the map the locations of industrial emission sources for the selected substance, and the corre-sponding amount of emissions – can be used even by unregistered users. The developed system can be used in combination with the existing public and state systems for monitoring of air pol-lution in Kyiv for preliminary (screening) analysis of possible causes of high levels of air pollu-tion during their observing with the monitoring systems. The paper presents a relevant example of the system application to explain the high levels of hydrogen sulfide concentrations at one of the stations in Kyiv. Another purpose of the system may be to detect shortcomings in the exist-ing inventory of industrial emissions, namely the lack of information on certain sources, as well as verification and adjustment of data on emissions from the registered sources. To fully use the system potential, it is necessary to expand its functionality in the direction of mathematical modeling of the spread of pollution due to emissions from industrial enterprises and vehicles. For this purpose, it is also necessary to integrate hydrometeorological parameters and levels of air pollution in Kyiv into the data monitoring system.
Holistic spatial analysis of distributed worlds
Authors:   Institute of Mathematical Machines and Systems Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sapaty P.S.
Published: September 2022

The paper investigates extended applications of the developed spatial grasp model and technology for analyzing large distributed systems and environments, as well as some examples of solving typical problems in them in the Spatial Grasp Language (SGL). The Spatial Grasp (SG) paradigm allows solving complex problems in a holistic and fully distributed way. It develops in distributed spaces as active ubiquitous waves or even viruses and grasps solutions to spatial problems in parallel pattern-matching mode, fundamentally differing from traditional representations of systems and their solutions as parts that exchange messages. The resultant Spatial Grasp Technology details are briefed where its SGL interpreters can be networked as powerful spatial computers covering any terrestrial and celestial environments and solving problems without any centralized resources. The extended areas for new SG applications include basic environmental issues, global systems, discovering new worlds, Earth science, and planetary exploration activities at NASA. The paper contains descriptions of solutions in SGL to practical problems related to different worlds, including group behavior of marine animals, details of geographical terrain, management of transport networks, and investigation of information networks. The developed paradigm allows direct expression of top semantics and holistic methods for solving complex problems and dynamically composes the needed implementation environments, thus providing the strictest way from problem definition to a practical solution. The formula-like high-level solutions in SGL are extremely compact, often a hundred times shorter than in other languages, and its implementation can be accomplished on any existing platforms, as for the previous language versions in different countries.
Decision-making. Terms and definitions
Authors:   Institute of Mathematical Machines and Systems Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Morozov A.O.
Published: September 2022

Decision-making is directly connected with purposeful human activity. All people are engaged in this process on a daily basis both personally and using automatic or automated systems. The paper considers the issues of decision-making technology in automatic and automated systems, identifies the main stages of decision making: data – information – knowledge – decision making – decision implementation. There are defined terms «data», «information», «knowledge», «decision», «implementation» which are used at the stages of decision making and decision implementation in automated and automatic control systems. In the paper, there are provided definitions of automatic and automated systems, robots as a separate class of automatic systems, as well as the next stage of development of robots – self-organizing automatic machines which are independently configured to perform various target functions based on the rules of acquiring knowledge. Some features of large systems such as industry or state are noted. For such systems, it is impossible to get all the necessary data about the processes that take place in them. Therefore, the information obtained as a result of their processing will not provide enough knowledge for decision-making on system management. Missing knowledge can be obtained thanks to the unformalized knowledge of people. The definition of unformalized knowledge is provided as well. The paper forms the principles of building automated and automatic systems using artificial intelligence and describes the sequence of control processes in any automatic or automated control system
Modeling and analysis of three-dimensional quasi-stationary electromagnetic fields of non-contact inductometers placed above the conductive agricultural soil. Part 1.
Authors:   Kyiv Cooperative Institute of Business and Law, Brovarets O.O. , Chovnyuk Yu.V. ,   National University of Bioresources and Natural Resources of Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The paper is devoted to solving the problem of the theory of three-dimensional quasi-stationary electromagnetic field generated by a non-contact inductometer in its interaction with the electrically conductive agricultural soil located below it at some distance and whose specific electrical conductivity is measured. The peculiarity of this study is that it is based on obtaining an accurate analytical solution to the problem of an electromagnetic field created by an arbitrary spatial circuit with a current (contactless inductometer model) located near a magnetized electrically conductive body with a flat surface (agricultural conductive soil model). Solutions made by taking into account the closed circuits are found in the form of squares for vector and scalar potentials, magnetic and electric field strengths in an electrically conductive medium without restrictions on the geometry of the circuits, environmental properties, and field frequency. Having a precise solution, in addition to the indisputable advantage associated with the validity of the results found, allows obtaining a number of consequences that are valid for an arbitrary field in the system. Another important consequence of an accurate solution is the conclusion that an inhomogeneous electromagnetic field when penetrating into an electrically conductive space with depth always attenuates faster than a homogeneous field. For pulsed fields, the calculation is limited to a certain period of time from the beginning of the current pulse, and the closer to the initial moment of time, the more accurately the electromagnetic field is calculated. Since the current pulse usually changes the fastest and reaches its highest values in a relatively short period of time, it is at this most important stage that the electromagnetic field is determined.
Conceptos Actuales de la Terapia Con Insulina.
Authors: Jmenez Montero Jose Guillermo , Villegas Barakat Mayra , Carvajal Solórzano María L.
Published: September 2022

Objetivo. Revisar las características de las diferentes insulinas disponibles para el tratamiento de la diabetes y crisis hiperglucémicas, sus indicaciones, uso clínico y seguridad.

Método. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos y revisiones disponibles en revistas científicas que incluían el tema de diabetes, hiperglucemia, complicaciones de la diabetes, terapia insulínica y guías de manejo de la diabetes de los últimos 20 años.

Resultados. Se presenta las indicaciones de la insulina, su dosificación, vía de administración según la situación clínica del paciente y las formulaciones de insulina disponibles para Costa Rica. Se presentan las diferencias entre las insulinas humanas y los análogos de insulina, resaltando las diferencias farmacocinéticas y la seguridad de los análogos. En la actualidad existe varios análogos de insulina de acción prolongada y de corta acción que le permite al paciente alcanzar una mejor concentración de glucosa. Estos análogos de insulina son efectivos, seguros y asociados con menos hipoglucemia y menor ganancia de peso comparado con las insulinas humanas. Se hace énfasis en el riesgo de hipoglucemias asociado a la terapia insulínica y la importancia de la intervención no farmacológica.

Conclusión. El descubrimiento de la insulina en Toronto, Canadá hace 100 años revolucionó el tratamiento de las personas con diabetes. El desarrollo de análogos de insulina semeja mejor la secreción endógena de insulina y permite mejorar las metas de control glucémico. Los programas educación en diabetes representan un beneficio en el manejo exitoso de la diabetes como parte de la intervención no farmacológica.
Urban Housing Affordability Problem in Africa: A Search for Pragmatic Solution?
Authors: Dapaah Kwame Addae
Published: September 2022

The paper takes a holistic view of the housing affordability problem to discuss the multifaceted nature of the problem vis-à-vis the political, social, institutional, economic, and financial milieu of Africa. The paper reviews the definitions of housing and housing affordability, and analyses relevant secondary data obtained through archival research and google search to propose practical measures for resolving the problem in the context of the socio-economic, cultural, and political milieu of Africa. It concludes that the enormity of the problem is a function of the vested interest of the powerbrokers, the market, the unwitting application of western models to Africa, poverty, and the sheer neglect of time-tested African means of affordable housing delivery by the housing policymakers of Africa. A significant fascinating finding is that the people can build cheap houses that no one (including the government, international bodies, aid donors, and especially the market) can do for them. All they need is help with infrastructure provision.
Usage of Nivolumab- Platinum Containing STAT1 Molecule for Suppression PD-1/PD-L1 Genes in PD-1/ PD-L1 Expressing Cancer Cells
Authors: Atta Waleed O.
Published: September 2022

Blockage of PD-1 proteins by immune checkpoint inhibitors showed an accepted therapeutic effect in cancer. But; tumor microenvironment exerts its antitumor influence by various mechanisms. Malignant cells have the ability of PD-1/PD-L1 protein over synthesis, which can be a defense action against immune checkpoint inhibitors and immunotherapy. Binding nivolumab with platinum-containing STAT1 will be used to reduce PD-1 genetic level. Nivolumab has the option of endocytosis, while STAT1 is the transcription factor that binds to the DNA, specifically PD-1 gene. STAT1 is the activated protein in response to multiple cytokines stimulation of cancer cells, which are the same for increasing PD-1/ PD-L1 upregulation. The used STAT1 in our therapeutic strategy is the activated form and loaded with platinum particles for damaging DNA bases in PD-1 promoter regions upon translocation to the nucleus. STAT1-platinum molecule is connected to nivolumab Fc region by solamargine polymer for selective cancer cell targeting.
The Armed Resistance Movement in Kosovo 1918-1928 according to the Albanian press
Authors: KRYEZIU Veli , DUGOLLI Bujar
Published: September 2022

Political Albania continuously made efforts to help the Kachak resistance in Kosovo, which in 1918 took over through the Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo, this resistance Albania supported by arming, of the Albanian rebellious groups. However, this Committee, except in Kosovo, its activity extended to Albania, in the consolidation and democratization of the Albanian state. To realize the National Union Hasan Prishtina established contacts with some Italian deputies from whom he received support and secured weapons to organize an armed uprising and thus overthrow the Serbian invader in Kosovo.
The attitude of the soviet authorities to the first wave of ‘nomaders’ according to the documents of the ‘special folders’ of the CC CP(B)K
Authors: SHOTAYEV Madi Tursynbekovich , ALIMGAZINOV Kairat Shakarimovich , ZHUGENBAYEVA Gulbanu
Published: September 2022

The central party organs dealt with all issues of the internal and foreign policy of the republic, led the national economy, public organizations, and personnel policy. Therefore, the documents of the ‘special folders’ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) Kazakhstan reflect various spheres of the life of the republic, which for a long time were not available to researchers due to the highest secrecy stamp imposed. The article deals with one of such areas of the problem – the settlement of Kazakh repatriates and representatives of other nationalities from China, who left during the civil war, collectivization, famine and repressions, who, unable to withstand the attitude of local residents and the persecution of the authorities of the country, republic or regions to which they moved, returned back to Kazakhstan. The ways of solving problems related to their settlement in Soviet farms, organization of trade with them, their cultural services, medical care, their resettlement, maintenance and veterinary services for their livestock are analyzed. Authors describes the reasons and measures to prevent the mass return of "nomads" back to China, despite all the decisions taken, the measures taken by the leadership of the republic in connection with the gaps made by some representatives of local authorities during their placement.
The Impact of Digital Technologies on Kazakh archivists in the Age of Globalization
Authors: AKMARAL Yskak , GABIT Zhumatay
Published: September 2022

Based on the survey questionnaire and interviews with employees of the state archives across Kazakhstan, this article examines the impact of digital technology on Kazakh archivists. Although the impact of information technology on human life in the information age is growing, there is a lack of research in Kazakhstan about how the deep transformation in society engendered by digital technology has affected the national archival system and archivists. It is therefore not fully understood how they can influence and what changes they bring to the archival system in Kazakhstan and archivists. Hence, this study aims to fill the gap in this specific area and contribute to the scholarship on archival science. The results of the study empirically confirm the positive impact of information technology on the work of archivists. The obtained data require a critical approach to the role of information technology in the work of archivists.
Fiona K. Haarer, Justinian: Empire and Society in the Sixth Century, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2022, ISBN: 978-0-7486-3678-5
Authors: SZKLARZ Joanna
Published: September 2022

Book Review
The plan of Kamianets-Podilskyi from 1773
Authors: OPYRCHAŁ Leszek
Published: September 2022

The paper discusses a plan of the Kamianets-Podilskyi fortress from the year 1773, which has not been known until now. The performed analyses of the biographical notes of the Reibnitz family, demonstrated that the most probable author is Ferdinand Friedrich Christoph von Reibnitz, a standard-bearer and later captain of the regiment of royal infantry. The descriptions in the plan and the legend were made in German. The shape of the city and of the castles is represented in a very deformed way, however, the plan includes many details of the city surroundings, such as the locations of windmills or of the Evangelical and Jewish cemeteries. The errors in the representation of both castles, the new one and the old one, suggest that the discussed plan is a copy of the plan kept in Berlin, at the Prussian Privy State Archives.
Magnesium sulphate pretreatment obtunds fentanyl-induced cough during general anaesthesia induction
Authors: Maaya Muhammad , Masdar Azlina , Mahdi Siti Nidzwani Mohamad , Yusof Mohamad , Cheong Ai Chiah
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Fentanyl-induced cough is common during induction of general anaesthesia. This unpleasant cough may increase the intraocular, intracranial, and intraabdominal pressure. We hypothesised that 30 mg/kg of prophylactic intravenous magnesium sulphate is effective in obtunding 2 μg/kg fentanyl-induced cough.Methods: One hundred and forty patients scheduled for general anaesthesia, aged between 18 to 70 years old with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I were randomised into two groups. Group I and Group II patients received 30 mg/kg intravenous magnesium sulphate and normal saline, respectively. The solution studied was infused over 15 minutes followed by a fentanyl bolus 2 μg/kg delivered within 3 seconds. The incidence of cough and severity were documented. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded every 5 minutes during the infusion.Results: Eight patients (11.4%) had cough in Group II and one (1.4%) in Group I. Compared to Group II, the incidence and severity of cough were significantly lower in Group I (p = 0.003 and p = 0.037), respectively. There was no significant difference regarding the haemodynamic status between the two groups during the infusion of both solutions.Conclusion: During general anaesthesia induction, 30 mg/kg of intravenous magnesium sulphate effectively obtunded fentanyl-induced cough.