bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA Barcoding to Identify All Life Stages of Holocyclic Cereal Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Wheat and Other Poaceae
Authors: Shufran Kevin A , Puterka Gary J
Published: January 2011

The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of the mitochondrial DNA was sequenced in eight holocyclic monoecious aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) that occur on wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; barley, Hordeum vulgare L.; oat, Avena sativa L.; and sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench in the United States. The first 640 bp of the 5′ end were considered as a DNA barcoding technique for species identification. DNA barcoding successfully differentiated Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), Diruaphis noxia (Kurdjumov), Diruaphis tritici (Gillette), Diruaphis frequens (Walker), Diruaphis mexicana (McVicar Baker), Sipha flava (Forbes), Sipha elegans del Guercio, and Sitobion avenae (F.). In addition to the above-mentioned monoecious species, the common cereal aphids Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) were included and successfully differentiated. DNA barcoding is a reliable alternative to traditional morphology in the identification of cereal aphids and their various life stages and morphs, including eggs. The application of DNA barcoding to aphid eggs found on grasses will be able to confirm whether D. noxia is now reproducing sexually in the United States after 20 yr of asexual reproduction.
Efficient water conservation in agriculture for growing urban water demands in Jordan
Authors: Ramírez Octavio A. , Ward Frank A. , Al-Tabini Raed , Phillips Richard
Published: January 2011

A significant worldwide challenge is to increase the food supply to accommodate a population growing to 9,000,000,000 in the face of climate change. Per capita water supply in Jordan is among the world's lowest. Despite this scarcity, three-quarters of Jordan's water use is consumed by irrigated agriculture, while producing low economic values from additional water used compared to urban uses. However, irrigated agriculture supports Jordan's food security, so its policymakers continue to examine measures to produce more crop per drop in irrigated agriculture, to permit scarce water to meet growing urban demands. This paper examines economically efficient measures to conserve water in irrigated agriculture to sustain growing urban water demands. Using a sample of one-third of the farms in Jordan's Mafraq Basin, an econometric model is formulated to identify factors influencing irrigation water use and economic productivity. Findings show that the price of water is the overarching factor influencing both. A low water price discourages water conservation even if other institutions promote it. A high price of water encourages conservation even in the presence of other discouraging factors. Results suggest that water-conserving policies in Jordan's irrigated agriculture can be more effectively implemented where water institutions and programs are designed to be compatible with the underlying economic scarcity of water. Results carry significant implications for the design and implementation of development programs affecting the use of water in the world's dry areas.
Fluoride-treated water and the problem of merit goods
Authors: Mendoza Roger Lee
Published: January 2011

This paper inquires into the fluoride treatment of community water in the United States to determine why and how conflicts in the production, consumption, and distribution of merit goods arise and are resolved. Primary and secondary data were employed to analyze statewide and municipality-level fluoridation initiatives in one key “battleground” state. We find that obstacles to successful fluoridation include a unidimensional policy space, high risk premia assigned by the affected population to health and environmental hazards, concerns over government interference with personal health choices, perceived adequacy of fluoride sources, “customer bundling,” and lack of a critical middle ground for consensus-building. The accessibility and social desirability of merit goods, like fluoridated water, cannot therefore be considered as value-free choices. How consumer demand is expressed, how fluoridation costs and benefits are estimated, how conflicts over its provision and production are resolved, and how the merits of science-based policies can be equally recast in terms of their presumed demerits require serious attention on the part of decision-makers in formulating and implementing health promotion policies.
“No performance in surgery more interesting and satisfactory”: Harvey Cushing and his experience with spinal cord tumors at the Johns Hopkins Hospital
Authors: Dasenbrock Hormuzdiyar H. , Pendleton Courtney , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. , Wolinsky Jean-Paul , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Quinones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Bydon Ali
Published: January 2011

Although Harvey Cushing was a neurosurgical pioneer, his work on the spine remains largely unknown. In fact, other than his own publications, Cushing's patients with pathological lesions of the spine who were treated while he was at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, including those with spinal cord tumors, have never been previously described. The authors report on 7 patients with spinal cord tumors that Cushing treated surgically between 1898 and 1911: 2 extradural, 3 intradural extramedullary, and 2 intramedullary tumors. The authors also describe 10 patients in whom Cushing performed an “exploratory laminectomy” expecting to find a tumor, but in whom no oncological pathological entity was found. Cushing's spine surgeries were limited by challenges in making the correct diagnosis, lack of surgical precedent, and difficulty in achieving adequate intraoperative hemostasis. Other than briefly mentioning 2 of the 4 adult patients in his landmark monograph on meningiomas, these cases—both those involving tumors and those in which he performed exploratory laminectomies—have never been published before. Moreover, these cases illustrate the evolution that Harvey Cushing underwent as a spine surgeon.
Extent of resection and the long-term durability of vestibular schwannoma surgery
Authors: Sughrue Michael E. , Kaur Rajwant , Rutkowski Martin J. , Kane Ari J. , Kaur Gurvinder , Yang Isaac , Pitts Lawrence H. , Parsa Andrew T.
Published: January 2011

Object

With limited studies available, the correlation between the extent of resection and tumor recurrence in vestibular schwannomas (VSs) has not been definitively established. In this prospective study, the authors evaluated 772 patients who underwent microsurgical resection of VSs to analyze the association between total tumor resection and the tumor recurrence rate.

Methods

The authors selected all cases from a prospectively collected database of patients who underwent microsurgical resection as their initial treatment for a histopathologically confirmed VS. Recurrence-free survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. The authors studied the impact of possible confounders such as patient age and tumor size using stepwise Cox regression to calculate the proportional hazard ratio of recurrence while controlling for other cofounding variables.

Results

The authors analyzed data obtained in 571, 89, and 112 patients in whom gross-total, near-total, and subtotal resections, respectively, were performed. A gross-total resection was achieved in 74% of the patients, and the overall recurrence rate in these patients 8.8%. There was no significant relation between the extent of resection and the rate of tumor recurrence (p = 0.58). As expected, the extent of resection was highly correlated with patient age, tumor size, and surgical approach (p < 0.0001). Using Cox regression, the authors found that the approach used did not significantly affect tumor control when the extent of resection was controlled for.

Conclusions

While complete tumor removal is ideal, the results presented here suggest that there is no significant relationship between the extent of resection and tumor recurrence.
The role of flexion and extension computed tomography with reconstruction in clearing the cervical spine in trauma patients: a pilot study
Authors: Wadhwa Rishi , Shamieh Samer , Haydel Justin , Caldito Gloria , Williams Mallory , Nanda Anil
Published: January 2011

Object

As a result of spinal trauma, approximately 12,000 individuals become quadriplegic or paraplegic each year in the US. The cervical spine is the most frequently injured part of the spinal column, and approximately 60% of spinal cord injuries involve the cervical region. The cervical collar remains the best method of prehospital spinal stabilization. Following trauma, difficulty securing an airway, the shielding of life-threatening injuries, and pressure ulcers are just a few of the serious problems that may be encountered in patients placed in cervical collars. The authors' goal was to develop an efficient method of clearing the cervical spine, by incorporating flexion and extension CT scanning with reconstruction (FECTR) into a trauma protocol.

Methods

This prospective study reviewed consecutive patients evaluated by the neurosurgery and trauma services who underwent FECTR. Imaging studies were reviewed using the Picture Activating and Communication System. The incidence of injury detection was recorded, and detection of otherwise-missed cervical spinal injuries using FECTR and CT scanning were also recorded. This technique was also applied, without causing any new neurological complications, for comatose patients if the original CT showed no suspicion of unstable injury. The study end point was determination of the presence of cervical spinal column injury that would pose a threat of instability or injury to the patient.

Results

Seventy-seven consecutive patients who underwent FECTR were identified. Far superior visualization of the cervicothoracic junction was achieved compared with flexion-extension cervical spine radiographs. In this case series, the sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of both FECTR and CT were 80% and 98.6% for all radiographic abnormalities. More importantly, for clinically unstable injuries, FECTR had a sensitivity of 100%. The use of FECTR added approximately 10–12 minutes to the time required for CT scanning.

Conclusions

The authors' initial findings show FECTR to be a safe, effective, and efficient method of posttraumatic cervical spine clearance. In unconscious or obtunded patients, FECTR facilitates cervical spine clearance with a high degree of accuracy. A larger prospective study is needed to confirm these findings.
Potential placebo effect in assessing idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Gupta Amitabh , Lang Anthony E.
Published: January 2011

Although shunt placement constitutes the primary treatment for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH), it has been challenging to decide which patients to refer for such an intervention. Procedures involving CSF removal, such as large-volume lumbar puncture (LP) and external lumbar drainage, are commonly used to predict a successful response to surgery, but their positive and negative predictive values have considerable shortcomings. The authors here report the case of a 76-year-old woman with possible INPH whose condition improved equally well after actual and sham large-volume LPs. The authors discuss the implications of this placebo response in the context of the diagnosis and management of INPH. The authors suggest that the clinical response to sham procedures for CSF removal might provide important information for better predicting which patient might respond to shunt surgery.
Association of the CC genotype of the regulatory BCL2 promoter polymorphism (−938C>A) with better 2-year survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Hindy Nicolai El , Bachmann Hagen S. , Lambertz Nicole , Adamzik Michael , Nückel Holger , Worm Karl , Zhu Yuan , Sure Ulrich , Siffert Winfried , Sandalcioglu I. Erol
Published: January 2011

Object

Bcl-2 plays a key role in the downregulation of apoptosis and proliferation and leads to increased chemoresistance in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The authors investigated the role of a common regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphism (−938C>A), which is located in the inhibitory P2 promoter of BCL2.

Methods

Data from 160 patients suffering from GBM were retrospectively evaluated. Study inclusion criteria consisted of available DNA and, in patients still alive, a follow-up of at least 24 months. Results were analyzed with respect to the basic clinical data, type of surgical intervention (gross-total resection [GTR] versus stereotactic biopsy [SB]), adjuvant therapy, MGMT promoter methylation, and survival at the 2-year follow-up.

Results

At the 2-year follow-up, 127 (79.4%) of the 160 patients had died. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a significantly higher rate of survival for homo- and heterozygous C-allele carriers (p = 0.031). In the GTR group, the survival rate was 47.1% for homozygous C-allele carriers, 32.0% for heterozygous C-allele carriers, and only 21.4% for homozygous A-allele carriers (p = 0.024). The SB group showed no genotype-dependent differences. Multivariable Cox regression revealed that the BCL2 (−938AA) genotype was an independent negative prognostic factor for 2-year survival in the GTR group according to the BCL2 (−938CC) genotype reference group (hazard ratio 2.50, 95% CI 1.14–5.48, p = 0.022).

Conclusions

These results suggested that the (−938C>A) polymorphism is a survival prognosticator as well as a marker for a high-risk group among patients with GBM who underwent GTR.
The Contribution of Discontinuous Rock-Mass Failure to Glacier Erosion
Authors: Addison Ken
Published: January 2011

Geomechanical rock-mass properties control the response of bedrock to applied stresses and can be summarized in a linear Mohr-Coulomb equation, which defines the principal parameters determining failure. Nevertheless, in studying the erosion of bedrock by glacier ice, little attention has been paid to failure criteria though a coincidence of erosion all and forms with fracture systems at regional and local scales has been demonstrated. Few studies have analysed the precise nature of the fracture geometry, or proposed its mechanical impact in association with glacier ice.

This investigation proposes that, since almost all bedrock possesses identifiable fracture systems, the properties of discontinuous rock mass (DRM) be regarded as defining primary conditions of stress and stability which are subsequently modified directly and indirectly by glacier ice. Consequent rock-mass failure modes are prescribed by discontinuity geometry and applied stresses, and evidence from North Wales confirms the validity of the theoretical treatment of rock-mass properties, and explains the accordance of landforms with structure.
Plucking as an Effect of Water-Pressure Variations at the Glacier Bed
Authors: Rӧthlisberger Hans , Iken Almut
Published: January 2011

A rapid displacement of glaciers occurs at times when the water supply from melting or lake drainage surmounts the capacity of the subglacial drainage system. It is explained by the hydraulic action of water at high pressure in cavities which open up on the lee side of undulations or steps of the glacier bed. It is suggested that, because of pressure-induced temperature fluctuations, rock fragments may freeze on to the glacier sole and be lifted out into an opening cavity. Laboratory experiments have shown that small pressure fluctuations of a few bars* only are sufficient for rock slabs of a considerable thickness to be moved in this way.
Bedrock Weathering Features in a Portion of Eastern High Arctic Canada: Their Nature and Significance
Authors: Watts Stephen
Published: January 2011

Highly-weathered Pre-Cambrian bedrock has been reported from scattered localities across Arctic Canada during the past decade. As part of a study on weathering processes under arid conditions, field studies are reported on-similar terrain in the Alexandra Fjord-Cape Herschel area of east-central Ellesmere Island. Features examined and sampled in both near-coastal and upland positions include grus, tor-like forms, weathering pits, and tafoni. Factors influencing their development and preservation are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the influence of bedrock lithology and mineralogy (in this case, hornblende content) on the intensity of physical disintegration under cold arid conditions. Chemical analyses and petrographic data are presented in support of this observation. Preservation of certain remnant weathering features in upland summit areas under cold-based glacial ice is postulated.
Basal Stress Concentrations Due to Abrupt Changes in Boundary Conditions: A Cause for High Till Concentration at the Bottom of a Glacier
Authors: Hutter Kolumban , Olunloyo Vincent O.S.
Published: January 2011

The existence of cold patches at the base of a glacier suggests that the sliding law will depend on these patches, which will essentially affect the viscosity constant. In a poly thermal glacier, such as a glacier which is cold in its lower part and temperate in its upper part, basal boundary conditions change from no-slip to viscous sliding. It is anticipated that the viscosity constant of this sliding law will depend on the distance from the transition line between cold and temperate ice.

The mixed boundary conditions, namely no-slip where the ice is cold and viscous sliding where it is temperate, induce large stresses and velocity changes close to the transition line. In fact, it is shown that, for a Newtonian fluid and all investigated discontinuities of boundary data, square-root singularities of the stresses will develop at the transition line. Asymptotic expressions for the basal stresses are derived. The explicit forms of these asymptotic expansions depend on the form of the spatial dependence of the sliding law and, furthermore, on the numerical values of the viscosity coefficient. It is, moreover, argued that the stress concentrations are sufficiently pronounced to account for the removal of basal rock especially in regions of high cleavage concentrations, the details again depending upon the sliding coefficients.

No mathematical details of the problem solved are presented as attention is focused on the physical processes.
Moraine In-Transit as Parent Material for Soil Development and the Growth of Valdivian Rain Forest on Moving Ice: Casa Pangue Glacier, Mount Tronador (Lat. 41°10's), Chile
Authors: Rabassa Jorge , Rubulis Sigfrido , Suarez Jorge
Published: January 2011

Casa Pangue glacier is a regenerated valley glacier, covered by supraglacial moraine of variable thickness (1 to 3 m). Seven moraine in-transit arcs have originated from avalanches falling on the ice from the steep walls at the head of the valley. The debris has been relocated by glacier movement, and vegetation has become established on areas with sediment cover. Primitive soil has developed very rapidly, probably in less than 100 a. Chemical analysis of soil samples show that it is acid (pH 4.6 to 4.7), nitrogen and organic matter are absent, calcium content is low, and potassium content is high. Pedogenic processes are mostly related to intense chemical weathering, under conditions of more than 4 000 mm a−l of total precipitation.

The plant communities established on the moraine are essentially similar to the Va1divian rain forest that characterizes the region. The most frequent tree is “coihue” (Nothofagus dombeyi), followed by “teniú“ (Weinmannia trichosperma) and “notro” (Embothrium coccineum). One specimen of N.dombeyi was found to be 18 m tall and 0.62 m in diameter; many others were taller than 12 m and reproduction was abundant. Dendrochronological analysis indicates a minimum age of 45 a for the oldest tree. Other plants found here are shrubs, some hemiparasitic and creeping plants, mosses, lichens, ferns, and fungi.

Using air photographs of 1942, 1953, 1970, and our own oblique photographs of 1978, taken from the summit of a neighbouring peak 1 200 m above the glacier tongue, average surface velocity of the glacier tongue was estimated at 22.5 m a−l for the lower and intermediate sectors where the trees are growing. If the total length of the regenerated valley glacier is taken into account, the mean annual movement rate is 35.0 m a−l. If this value is extrapolated over the last 45 a, the trees have moved an average distance of at least 1 000 m in that time.

The discovery of established communities (also observed at Río Blanco glacier, southwest of Mt Tronador) on moving ice constitutes an event not previously recorded in glaciological literature. Some significant aspects are discussed: time lapse for soil development on moraine deposits, primary plant succession on moraine deposits, the need of stable ground for plant colonization, the absolute validity of radiocarbon dating of glacier advances using fossil wood found within terminal moraines, and the validity of lichenometric techniques in deglaciated terrain.
Importance of the Regelation Process to Certain Properties of Basal Tills Deposited by the Laurentide Ice Sheet in Iowa and Illinois, U.S.A
Authors: Kemmis T.J.
Published: January 2011

Recent stratigraphic studies have characterized the sequence and nature of tills deposited in Iowa and Illinois by Quaternary Laurentide ice sheets. Basal tills within the sequence are each dominated by matrix-size materials and exhibit uniform matrix properties over hundreds or thousands of square kilometers. This uniformity suggests that matrix-size materials were effectively mixed for each basal till. Three mixing processes seem probable: differential shear in debris-rich basal ice; continuous subglacial deformation of the till; and repeated erosion-transportation-deposition of matrix-size materials during recurrent regelation in the basal ice. Shearing and subglacial deformation appear to have been only locally important. Most of the mixing may have occurred during regelation. Particles on the bed may have been frozen into the basal ice during regelation freezing, and transported until deposited during subsequent pressure-melting on a down-glacier obstacle. During recurrent regelation on fine-grained beds such as occurred in this area, particles may have been subject to several periods of erosion-transportation deposition, and mixed through time over long transport distances. This mixing process was certainly not the only process taking place, but it appears to have been the dominant subglacial mixing process.
Forms of Glacial Relief of Spitsbergen Glaciers
Authors: Macheret Yu. Ya.
Published: January 2011

Results are given of radio echo‐sounding of 53 glaciers of different sizes and glaciological regimes during 1974–75 and 1977–79 in Spitsbergen. Mountain glaciers have maximum ice thicknesses ranging from 90 to 350 m. Thicknesses up to 165 m, as well as the presence of overdeepened sections of the bed and subglacial ridges up to 100 m high are typical. Other glaciers have ice thickness values of up to 500 m (e.g. Veteranen) but on some sections of glaciers and ice caps depressions in the bed with ice thicknesses reaching 540 m have been found, which exceed the “background” thickness by 200 to 400 m. Subglacial relief of Vestfonna, Nordaustlandet, is very rough in its outer region but is rather smooth in the central part beneath the ice dome, where ice thickness reaches 385 m. Multiple correlation analysis of 15 glaciers indicates a number of significant relationships between the area of terminal and lateral moraines of glaciers and length, area, and, consequently, volume.
The Nature and Origin of Debris Layers within Glacier De Tsidjiore Nouve, Valais, Switzerland
Authors: Small R. J. , Gomez B.
Published: January 2011

The development of medial moraines on the Glacier de Tsidjiore Nouve is related to numerous englacial debris layers of limited dimensions, which are exposed at the glacier surface below the Pigne d’Arolla ice fall. Previous research has suggested that such layers result either from high-level transport of debris, derived from rock weathering and/or glacial erosion in the accumulation zone, or from shearing up of subglacial debris owing to intense compressive stresses in the glacier. The morphology of the debris layers is investigated in the field, and samples are subjected to particle-size analysis. It is concluded that constituent debris is derived largely from exposed faces of rock between the upper and lower firn basins, but that a subglacial component is present. Entry of the debris into the glacier is possibly by way of crevasses on the lower firn basin.
Field Experiments to Determine the Effect of a Debris Layer on Ablation of Glacier Ice
Authors: Nakawo M. , Young G.J.
Published: January 2011

Ablation of glacier ice has been observed with artificial debris layers prepared with Ottawa sand (ASTM C-109) ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 m thick. Data on external variables observed during the experiments and determination of physical constants of the debris layers have allowed the testing of a proposed simple model. Theoretical predictions compare favourably with the observations. Discussion is extended to a proposal for a simple method by which ablation under a debris layer could be estimated even if the thermal conductivity or thermal resistance of the material were unknown.
The Tiskilwa Till, a Regional View of its Origin and Depositional Processes
Authors: Wickham Susan Specht , Johnson W. Hilton
Published: January 2011

The Tiskilwa Till Member of the Wedron Formation represents deposition by basal melt-outin the marginal area of the Laurentide ice sheetduring the Woodfordian (late-Wisconsinan) in Illinois. Distinctive characteristics include: a very thick, homogeneous till; relatively little ablation till; red color; sandy texture; illite content that is relatively low withrespect to other Woodfordian tills; and the presence of discontinuous basal zones of differing composition.

Erosion and entrainment of debris from both distant and local source areas are evident in the Tiskilwa Jill. Basal thermal regime is suggested as a major controlling factor on the location of the zones of entrainment. The debris was homogenized en route to the margin and eventually was deposited as basal melt-out till near the margin. Deposition occurred within an interval of 6 ka or more during the first half of the Woodfordian.
Deformation of Subglacial Sediments and its Implications (Abstract only)
Authors: Boulton G. S.
Published: January 2011

Field experiments have shown that unlithified sediments beneath a glacier may undergo strong shear deformation in response to the movement of the overlying glacier, and that much of the forward movement of the glacier may be contributed by this mechanism. Mathematical analysis of the physics of this process suggests that it can be very important in glaciers underlain by deformable sediments

Two- and three-dimensional patterns of subglacial sediment deformation are analysed in response to both irregularities on a sub-sediment rock bed and grain-size inhomogeneities within the sediment itself. The results of a modeling exercise show that drumlin fields may develop from subglacial deformation and that the form and size of the drumlin depend primarily on ice velocity, effective stress, sediment strength properties, and time.

Characteristic structures are described which are believed to reflect this process, and allow it to be recognized in areas of Quaternary glaciation.

Subglacial sediment deformation has an important effect on glacier dynamics, and icesheet reconstructions using this as a boundary condition are presented for the Laurentide and European ice sheets at 20 ka BP.
Detected Atrial Arrhythmias with the 12-lead Holter System in Patients Complaining of Palpitations with Normal 12-lead ECGs - Gender and Age Differences
Authors: Sclarovsky Samuel , Nikus Kjell Christer , Huhtala Heini , Eskola Markku
Published: January 2011

Objective: Hypoestrogenemia in postmenopausal female has important effects on the heart with possible arrhythmic consequences. We studied the prevalence of atrial arrhythmias in 12-lead Holter in patients with normal baseline ECGs. We used morphologic ECG data to define the origin of the arrhythmias. Methods: Twelve lead Holter recordings in 172 consecutive patients in the community were analyzed. The prevalence of ectopic and reentry nonsustained atrial tachycardia (NSAT), atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and right and left premature atrial complexes, was studied in men and women. Patients aged ≥50 years and <50 years were analyzed separately. Results: Premature atrial complexes were frequent in all the four groups. In women aged ≥50 years, the prevalence of ectopic NSAT was 57%. Women aged ≥50 years, who showed episodes of atrial fibrillation or flutter, had a prevalence of concomitant ectopic NSAT of 67 %. All the NSAT episodes were repetitive (≥10 episodes/24h). There was a striking gender difference, as the corresponding number for men in the same age group was only 17 %. Conclusions: Ectopic NSAT is frequently associated with atrial fibrillation or flutter in women aged ≥50 years. We propose a hypothesis related to hormone metabolism and collagen expression in the heart to explain this phenomenon. Keyword: Holter; Atrial arrhythmia; atrial fibrillation; estrogen; postmenopausal DOI: 10.3329/jom.v12i1.5384J Medicine 2011; 12 : 40-44
News from Bangladesh Society of Medicine
Authors: Editor The
Published: January 2011

DOI: 10.3329/jom.v12i1.6943J Medicine 2011; 12 : 98
Ignatius of Smolensk and the Late Byzantine Monasteries of Thessaloniki
Authors: Rautman Marcus L.
Published: January 2011

REB 49 1991 France p. 143-169

M. L. Rautman, Ignatius of Smolensk and the Late Byzantine Monasteries of Thessaloniki. — The «Description of Thessaloniki», written by the Russian pilgrim Ignatius of Smolensk c. 1405, is one of the earliest accounts by medieval travelers to the late Byzantine city and an important witness to its ecclesiastical landscape. Recently published documents and study of the surviving monuments permit a reappraisal of the text within the architectural and historical context of early 15th- century Thessaloniki. This analysis clarifies certain implicit limitations of the pilgrim's account and illustrates the problems of medieval topographic research.
La continuation de l'«Histoire ecclésiastique» d'Eusèbe par Gélase de Césarée
Authors: Nautin Pierre
Published: January 2011

REB 50 1992 France p. 163-183

P. Nautin, La continuation de l'« Histoire ecclésiastique» d'Eusèbe par Gélase de Césarée. — Dans sa notice sur l'Histoire ecclésiastique de Gélase de Césarée (Bibl. 89), Photius donne seulement le titre du Prologue. On en a toujours conclu qu'il n'avait connu que cette partie de l'ouvrage. Le présent article étudie les différentes méthodes utilisées dans l'antiquité pour continuer un ouvrage déjà existant. L'une d'elles consistait à ajouter simplement des feuillets au manuscrit de l'œuvre ancienne, et dans ce cas l'auteur nouveau ne mettait pas de titre aux pages ajoutées. C'est cette méthode qu'a employée Gélase de Césarée : il n'a fait que donner une édition augmentée de l'Histoire d'Eusèbe. Par la même occasion, on répare deux omissions commises dans l'édition, par ailleurs excellente, de Théodore le Lecteur parue dans le Corpus de Berlin (GCS).
Contribution à l'étude de la famille Antiochos
Authors: Loukaki Marina
Published: January 2011

REB 50 1992 France p. 185-205

Marina Loukaki, Contribution à l'étude de la famille Anliochos. — S'appuyant sur les renseignements fournis par les textes et les sceaux, l'auteur recherche les traces de la famille byzantine des Antiochoi à travers les siècles de l'époque byzantine. Le patronyme apparaît déjà au 11e siècle, et les membres de la famille appartenaient, à cette époque à l'aristocratie militaire. Au 12e siècle, des Antiochoi s'allièrent à la famille impériale des Comnènes, aux familles des Phorbènoi et des Kastamonitès. Aux 13e et 14e siècles, les Antiochoi sont attestés seulement en Eubée, au service de la famille latine des Ghisi. Au 15e siècle, cependant, les Antiochoi réapparaissent dans le milieu impérial.
L'achèvement des Regestes des actes patriarcaux
Authors: Failler Albert
Published: January 2011

REB 50 1992 France p. 249-263

A. Failler, L'achèvement des Hegestes des actes patriarcaux. — Le fascicule VII et dernier des Hegestes des actes patriarcaux est paru en mai 1991, un an après la mort de son principal artisan, Jean Darrouzès. Il contient les regestes des années 1410-1453, suivis des Tables générales des sept fascicules. A l'occasion de l'achèvement de cet ouvrage monumental de près de 3000 pages, il n'est pas sans intérêt de revenir sur la genèse et l'étendue du projet initial pour signaler les modifications qu'il a subies en cours de route et montrer le but et les caractéristiques de la compilation.
The land and taxation in the reign of Alexios I Komnenos: the evidence of Theophylakt of Ochrid
Authors: Harvey Alan
Published: January 2011

REB 51 1993 France p. 139-154

A. Harvey, The land and luxation in the reign of Alexios I Komnenos : the evidence of Theophylakt's of Ochrid. — Theophylakt's evidence has to be interpreted in comparison with the more detailed information provided by the archives of the Athonite monasteries. The fiscal reassessments ordered by Alexios Komnenos were intended to increase tax revenues and only a very few, highly privileged landowners like Lavni could escape the impact of these measures. In spite of Theophylakt's impressive range of contacts, he had great difficulty in restraining fiscal officials, because he was not confronting isolated abuses by individual officials, but a concerted imperial policy.
A New Look at the Byzantine Sanctuary Barrier
Authors: Walter Christopher
Published: January 2011

REB 51 1993 France p. 203-228, 4 pl.

Ch. Walter, A New Look al the Byzantine Sanctuary Barrier. — Profiting from the numerous studies of the subject published over the last two decades, the author attempts to establish with more precision what was the purpose of the Byzantine sanctuary barrier. While it effectively prevented the laity from entering the sanctuary and even from observing what took place there, it was also intended to be the focal point of lay piety. The lower icons were accessible to the laity for veneration. The icons on the architrave or epistyle were destined to nourish their meditation during the celebration of the liturgy. The Deësis recalled the necessity of the intercession of the saints. The Twelve Feasts provided a selection from the redemptive acts of Christ's life, analogous to the mysteries of the Roman Catholic rosary. Thus the purpose of the imagery of the sanctuary barrier was primarily to respond to the needs of lay devotion. It had its specific function independent of the programmes developed on the walls of Byzantine churches.
Les émirs turcs à la conquête de l'Anatolie au début du 14e siècle
Authors: Failler Albert
Published: January 2011

REB 52 1994 France p. 69-112

A. Failler, Les émirs turcs à la conquête de l'Anatolie au début du 14e siècle. — Dans le chapitre 9 du livre XI de son Histoire, Georges Pachymérès énumère les noms des chefs turcs qui menaçaient la frontière orientale de l'empire byzantin au début du 14e siècle : c'étaient Amourios, Atman (Osman), Atinès, Halisyras, Mantachias, Salampaxis, Alaïs, Amèramanès, Lamisès, Sphondylès, Pagdinès. A cette liste, il faut ajouter six autres noms, dont la mention est dispersée à travers les derniers livres de l'Histoire : Amourès, Atarès, Mélèk Isaac, Mélèk Masour, Sasan, Solymampax. Près de la moitié de ces noms sont connus uniquement grâce à l'historien byzantin. Le but de l'article est de rassembler les données des sources sur chacun de ces dix-sept noms, pour essayer, à partir de là, d'identifier les chefs turcs qui portaient ces noms et d'indiquer l'origine et l'action de chacun d'eux.
Synthesis of Ru alkylidene complexes
Authors: Kadyrov Renat , Rosiak Anna
Published: January 2011

The present work describes the robust synthesis of Ru alkylidene complexes (PCy3)2Cl2Ru=CHR – precursors for metathesis catalysts. Moreover, the dynamic behavior of complexes where R = 2-naphthyl and 2-thienyl was studied. 1H NMR techniques were employed to establish the preferred conformations in solution for both complexes and the energy barrier for rotation around single (Ru=)CH–C(thienyl) bond was estimated (ΔG≠303K = 12.6 kcal/mol).
Small farms building global brands through social networks
Authors: Dentoni Domenico , Reardon Thomas
Published: January 2011

Small farms have the option of competing in the global market by pursuing a niche brand differentiation strategy. However, they usually face tight financial constraints when attempting to build a food brand that meets both the desires of a small segment of distant final consumers and the requirements of its international buyers. In this study, we explore how small farms can use social networks to start transacting with international buyers and to build global niche brands. Following a 'grounded theory' approach, we analyzed the evidence collected from 34 cases of small farms producing single-estate extra-virgin olive oil and other specialty food products in Italy. The analysis led to the following conclusions. First, small olive oil farmers can build brand associations and perceived brand quality, and ultimately brand equity, by developing social ties with third-party endorsers that are outside the product supply chain but have high status in the market. Second, to intentionally develop these social ties, small olive oil farmers need to obtain information both on (a) international consumer preferences for olive oil attributes and (b) which actors have the high status to endorse and promote the individual brands. Third, use of social ties with high-status endorsers for brand development is more effective when international consumers' familiarity with the product is lower and their preference for credence attributes stronger. While concerning a developed country that moreover enjoys a strong reputation in relation to the product, we posit that this study is rich with lessons for small producers of specialty food in both developed and developing regions whose reputations associated with the specific products are high. From a policy perspective, this study suggests that public market development programs can play a key facilitation role for the development of social networks linking small companies and international buyers by providing relevant market information on third-party endorsers as well as final consumers and buyers.
Phytogeography of the vascular páramo flora of Ramal de Guaramacal (Andes, Venezuela) and its ties to other páramo floras
Authors: Cuello Nidia L. , Cleef Antoine M. , Aymard Gerardo
Published: January 2011

Ramal de Guaramacal is an outlier and lower elevation mountain range located at the northeastern end of the Venezuelan Andes. Phytogeographical patterns and affinities of the low altitude and wet vascular páramo flora of Ramal de Guaramacal, have been studied with emphasis in to the analysis of the floristic connections of the Guaramacal páramo flora with the neighboring dry páramos of the Sierra Nevada de Mérida and other páramo floras of the northern Andes and Central America. A total of 252 vascular plant taxa belonging to 150 genera and 69 families were recorded from the study area. The most species rich families are Asteraceae, Poaceae, Ericaceae and Orchidaceae, followed by the ferns families Grammitidaceae and Lycopodiacae. The most diverse genera are the ferns Elaphoglossum, Huperzia and Hymenophyllum. The analysis of generic phytogeographical composition of páramo flora showed that 52.8% of the genera are Tropical. The Temperate component is represented by 33.3% of the genera and the Cosmopolitan component is represented by 13.9% of the genera. The Neo - tropical montane element (38.9%) is high in Guaramacal páramo, the Páramo endemic element (1.9%) and the Andean alpine element (0.9%) and represented by only one genus (Lachemilla) are low compared to other páramo areas. The vascular flora of Páramo de Guaramacal is largely composed of (1) a group of Neotropical widespread distributed species (32%), (2) a group of Andean distributed species (49%), part of them confined to the Northern Andes and part widespread in the Andes from Colombia to Bolivia, and (3) a group of Venezuelan endemics (19%). From an eight páramo flora comparative dataset, the closest relationships among páramos is observed between the generic páramo floras of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental of Sumapáz and Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, which are both closely related to that of the Sierra Nevada de Mérida in Venezuela. The generic páramo flora of Ramal de Guaramacal shows the closest relationship to southern Ecuador páramo flora of Podo - carpus Biosphere Reserve. According to Detrended Correspondance Analysis and Principal Component Analysis ordination results, most of the variations in páramo floras may represent a response to differences in ambient humidity.
Checking The Pulse Of The Profession
Authors: Miller Larry E.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Focusing Agricultural Education Research: Strategies For The Discipline
Authors: Williams David L.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
The Relationship Between Cognitive Performance And Critical Thinking Abilities Among Selected Agricultural Education Students
Authors: Cano Jamie , Martinez Cathy
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Student/Teacher Participatory Interaction, Motivation, And Satisfaction During Group Problem Solving
Authors: Dormody Thomas J. , Sutphin H. Dean
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
National Trends In Programming, Preparation, And Staffing Of County Level Cooperative Extension Service Offices As Identified By State Extension Directors
Authors: Agnew David M. , Foster Richard
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Practicing Agricultural Education Teachers' Concerns And Their Implication For Improving The Profession
Authors: Burke Stanley R. , Hillison John
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
The Use Of International Technologies In Agricultural Education
Authors: Birkenholz Robery J. , Stewart Bob R.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
A Definition And Concepts Of Agricultural Literacy
Authors: Frick Martin J. , Kahler Alan A. , Miller W. Wade
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
The Future Of Agricultural Education: A View From The Bleachers
Authors: Swanson Gordon I.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Agricultural Employment In The Illinois Food And Fiber System
Authors: Pepple Jerry D. , Valdez Constanza M. , Law Dale A.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Focusing Agricultural Education Research: Strategies For The Professor
Authors: Williams David L.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Student Achievement And Factors Related To Achievement In A State FFA Agricultural Mechanics Contest
Authors: Johnson Donald M.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Guidelines For Promotion And Tenure Of College Faculty In The 21st Century
Authors: Petty Gregory C.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Adult Education In Agriculture: A National Survey
Authors: Birkenholz Robert J. , Maricle Gary L.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Utilizing Indigenous Knowledge Systems In Agricultural Education To Promote Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Williams David L. , Muchena Olivia N.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Towards the improvement of cloud microphysical retrievals using simultaneous Doppler and polarimetric radar measurements
Authors: Dufournet Y. , Russchenberg H. W. J.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Radar-based retrievals are often employed to characterize the microphysical properties of cloud hydrometeors, i.e., their phases, habits, densities as well as their respective size and orientation distributions. These techniques are based on a synergetic use of different cloud observation sensor(s) and microphysical algorithm(s) where the information extracted from both sensors and models are combined and converted into microphysical cloud properties. However, the amount of available information is often limited, which forces current microphysical retrieval techniques to base their algorithms on several microphysical assumptions which affect the retrieval accuracy. By simultaneously combining Doppler and polarimetric measurements obtained from fully Doppler polarimetric radar, it is possible to create spectral polarimetric parameters. Although these parameters are easily contaminated with unwanted echoes, this work shows that, from a correct radar signal processing based on filtering and averaging techniques, spectral polarimetric parameters can be correlated to microphysical cloud properties. In particular, preliminary results suggest that particle orientations and habits can be easily determined from the solely use of such spectral polarimetric parameters. Therefore, such additional microphysical information offers a great opportunity to improve current microphysical models by reducing their amount of microphysical assumptions.
Real-time remote sensing driven river basin modeling using radar altimetry
Authors: Pereira-Cardenal S. J. , Riegels N. D. , Berry P. A. M. , Smith R. G. , Yakovlev A. , Siegfried T. U. , Bauer-Gottwein P.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Many river basins have a weak in-situ hydrometeorological monitoring infrastructure. However, water resources practitioners depend on reliable hydrological models for management purposes. Remote sensing (RS) data have been recognized as an alternative to in-situ hydrometeorological data in remote and poorly monitored areas and are increasingly used to force, calibrate, and update hydrological models. In this study, we evaluate the potential of informing a river basin model with real-time radar altimetry measurements over reservoirs. We present a lumped, conceptual, river basin water balance modeling approach based entirely on RS and reanalysis data: precipitation was obtained from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), temperature from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast's (ECMWF) Operational Surface Analysis dataset and reference evapotranspiration was derived from temperature data. The Ensemble Kalman Filter was used to assimilate radar altimetry (ERS2 and Envisat) measurements of reservoir water levels. The modeling approach was applied to the Syr Darya River Basin, a snowmelt-dominated basin with large topographical variability, several large reservoirs and scarce hydrometeorological data that is located in Central Asia and shared between 4 countries with conflicting water management interests. The modeling approach was tested over a historical period for which in-situ reservoir water levels were available. Assimilation of radar altimetry data significantly improved the performance of the hydrological model. Without assimilation of radar altimetry data, model performance was limited, probably because of the size and complexity of the model domain, simplifications inherent in model design, and the uncertainty of RS and reanalysis data. Altimetry data assimilation reduced the mean absolute error of the simulated reservoir water levels from 4.7 to 1.9 m, and overall model RMSE from 10.3 m to 6.7 m. Model performance was variable for the different reservoirs in the system. The RMSE ranged from 10% to 76% of the mean seasonal reservoir level variation. Because of its easy accessibility and immediate availability, radar altimetry lends itself to being used in real-time hydrological applications. As an impartial source of information about the hydrological system that can be updated in real time, the modeling approach described here can provide useful medium-term hydrological forecasts to be used in water resources management.