bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sweet Defense: Unveiling the Antioxidant Power of Honey
Authors: Hira Raees  , Sidra Zubair  , Asma Eraj  , Anum Liaquat
Published: October 2024

Honey, propolis, and secretion are practical foods with phenoplast composite collected by bees from plants. Honey consist of sugars and water, with laevulose and grape sugar being the main sugars.Honey contains several inhibitory components, including amino acids, proteins, carotenes, phenoplast composite and flavonoids, vitamin C, and organic acids. The inhibitory capability of honey is primarily due to the phenoplast compounds and flavonoids it contains,  high correlation between polyphenols and honey has inhibitory properties,exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to be due to atom sequestration, H donation, gold-bearing particle chelation, or their action as substrate for radicals like superoxide and hydroxyl radical. Honey also has antimicrobial properties, inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and fungi through organic processes and antiseptic effects. It also protects against tumoral development, with studies showing that nectar activates the framework and prevents malignant growth and metastasis, Nectar, a natural source of antioxidants, has been found to have anti-inflammatory properties. It can help combat free radicals that cause cell damage and damage to the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, which can lead to age-related diseases. Nectar contains water-dissolvable nutrients, phenol compounds, catalase, peroxides, aldohexose catalyst compounds, flavonoids, and carotinoids. Abnormal amounts of these compounds can cause abnormal state of cell reinforcements in nectar,Nectar's antioxidant properties are compared to other sources of antioxidants, suggesting that nectars with dark pigments are more efficient for the treatment of cancer, incorporated various inhibitory agents  such as aldohexose compound, catalase, cell support, flavonoids, phenolic tar acids, cancer prevention agent subordinates, characteristic acids, amino acids, and proteins. This report shows that synthetic resin antioxidants from processed honey are bioavailable, increasing plasma inhibitor activity. The studies  found that multifocal nectar with full-scale inhibitor control and methodological profiling in malignant growth inhibitor agents reduced multiple free radicals , with notable reduction in cell lysis, ROS production and revival of GSH.This concluded that the anti-cancerous agents  of Nectar showed the resultant impact on reduction of intense and chronic particle induced pathologies in in-vivo studies.
Comparative Analysis of Four Brands of Levocetirizine Tablets Available in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Tabassum Atiya , Saima Iqbal  , Atiya Kaleem  , Halima Sadia  , Mehroz Kalim  , Sabahat Abdullah
Published: October 2024

The basic purpose to prepare any drug is to increase quality of life; therefore, different quality control tests have been performed to achieve the desired outcome. One of the most frequently used dosage form is tablet which requires different techniques to prepare his study is aimed to examine the comparison in formulation of oral dosage form of Levocetirizine tablets available in the local pharmaceutical market of Karachi, Pakistan. It is a selective H1 antagonist used as anti-allergy and it is available in many brands in retail pharmacies of Karachi. The sample tablets of four different brands of Levocetirizine were analyzed. The analysis includes weight variation, hardness test, friability test, disintegration and dissolution tests as well as U.V. absorbance is also checked. All the four brands of the tablets are successfully analyzed in BP/USP standards for average variation in weight, hardness, disintegration, friability and dissolution tests.
The study reveals that all four brands of Levocetirizine HCL marketed in Karachi meet BP/USP requirements for the quality specification.
Holistic Approaches to Hypertension: Lifestyle Changes and Natural Remedies
Authors: Aymen Owais  , Sabira Ammar  , Anum Liaquat
Published: October 2024

The worldwide burden of hypertension and its associated cardiovascular diseases have urged researchers to explore for alternative therapies. Together with laboratory studies, field surveys on the documentation of traditional antihypertensive therapies have expanded across the world. However, a compilation and analysis of these field studies has not been done so far. This review aim to document all traditional medicinal plants used globally for the management of hypertension. Lamiaceae were the families with the most used species. The main species were Allium sativum L. Followed by Aristolochia Manshuriensis., Avena Sativa, Apium Graveolens, Camellia Sinensis: Capparis Cartilaginea: Blond Psyllium: Cassiaabsus: Carumcopticum: Cassiaoccidentalis: Coleusforskohlii, Castano spermumaustrale: Commelina Virginica: Crinum Glaucum: Crataegus Pinnatifida: Zingiber Officinale: Triticum Aestivum.
This study is the first of its kind to compile all traditionally used hypotensive medicinal plants across the world. It is recommended that another systematic review be conducted on the biological properties of all identified species in our review to identify those which have been scientifically validated in in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies before they can be considered as alternative or complementary antihypertensive therapies.
The High blood pressure is also called as Hypertension. Hypertension is that state in which the pressure of the blood of the arteries increases constantly. High blood pressure usually not causes the sign and symptoms. The high blood pressure causes heart diseases like CAD (coronary artery disease), failure of heart, stroke and others include loss of memory called dementia and CKD.
Dietary Strategies for Osteoarthritis: An In-depth Look at the Sesame Seed Connection
Authors: Hira Raees  , Sidra Zubair  , Fouzia Karim  , Saima Iqbal  , Sabahat Abdullah
Published: October 2024

Sesame seeds are recognized for their high amount of oil content; they are commonly used in Asia and West, for both culinary and therapeutics. This article mainly focuses on the phytochemical composition, cultivation, and conventional uses of sesame seeds, along with their role in managing osteoarthritis. They are obtained from unhulled seeds; its cultivation is done in enriched soil during April, May, September, and October. It is harvested when its seed capsule changes color to yellowish brown, followed by sun-drying and baking to collect maximum seeds. Sesame seeds are loaded with flavonoids, thus possess many medicinal properties including anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular and wound healing properties. Presence of phenolic compounds contributes to the reduction of cholesterol and improves cardiovascular health. These seeds also hold flavonoids, tannins, phytates, phylates, tocopherol, phytosterols and unsaturated fats, each contributing to the nutritional and therapeutic values of seeds. According to the research studies, these seeds are associated with potential health benefits specifically their role in cure of osteoarthritis. It is also suggested to contain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, consequently, reducing oxidative stress in osteoarthritis and improving lipid profile. Lignans found in sesame seeds are also related to reducing cholesterol levels and improving hormones in postmenopausal conditions and providing protection against breast cancer. Many years back it was also used to treat skin infections, also used as a key ingredient in mouth washes. Additionally, it was also used to treat CNS-related ailments such as insomnia, dizziness, and headache. Dose recommendation is 9 gram. However it should be cautiously used in pregnancy and breastfeeding, diabetes and post surgery. Osteoarthritis is a widespread musculoskeletal disease, affecting joints, mainly knees most common symptoms are joint pain, stiffness, swelling and difficulty in mobility. The disease progression is multifactorial, including imbalancement between antioxidants in body resulting in high oxidative stress. It is also very progressive disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Pathological findings show abnormal bone structure, narrow joint spaces and cyst. Risk factors include age, injury, diet and obesity. Treatment plan include analgesics, steroids and surgery in required cases, along with weight management, exercise and physical therapy. Sesame seeds have potency to cure and prevent osteoarthritis; further studies are suggested to validate this claim.
What will encourage pregnant women in Ethiopia to take multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS)?
Authors:   Busara, Ashok Varsha , Kaur Kawal , Lilumbi Mellan , Mersha Selamawit , Nyaga Robert , Oberoi Zeena , Okorafor Arizechukwu
Published: October 2024

The study researched barriers to uptake of AnteNatal Care and nutrition services, and proposed potential social behavior change communication strategies. Women in Ethiopia face several socio-cultural barriers to accessing MMS pills, which cost effectively enhance maternal nutrition, that policymakers need to understand to provide effective care for a healthy pregnancy and childbirth.
Performance of OpenAI’s GPT-4 in a mock MRCS Part A Examination
Authors: Haq Ibrahim , Raj Siddarth , Ridha Ali , O'Sullivan Arun , Ahmed Imran , Syed Farhan , Khatri Chetan
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
OpenAI’s latest iteration of a Large Language Model (LLM); GPT-4 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4) has demonstrated its proficiency against various professional examination standards like the USMLE (United States Medical Licensing Examination), FRCS (Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons) and the United States Bar. However, GPT-4’s capability with the MRCS (Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons) Part A has not yet been investigated.
 
Methodology:
A representative MRCS Part A examination that was prepared and provided by “TeachMeSurgery” based on the MRCS Intercollegiate Curriculum was used to assess GPT-4's performance. Each question was processed via the web-based interface of ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) Plus.
 
Results:
GPT-4 scored 87.2% on Applied Basic Sciences (157/180) and 86.7% on Principles of Surgery in General (104/120 questions), achieving an overall score of 261/300 (87%), which is above the typical passing threshold. GPT-4 scored 100% in four out of the eleven predefined curriculum areas, which included: Pharmacology, Microbiology, Data Interpretation and Audit, and The Surgical Care of Children. GPT-4’s weakest performance was in the Medico-Legal Aspects of Surgical Practice, in which it scored 33.3%.
 
Conclusion:
GPT-4 successfully passed the mock MRCS Part A without any specialised preparatory training, however further research could look at integrating the GPT-4 model to enhance a trainee surgeon’s learning and use it as an effective tool to deliver high quality & efficient patient care.
Surgical Care in Refugee Populations: Addressing the Unmet Needs and Overcoming Challenges
Authors: ISIK ARDA , RASA KEMAL , Sartelli Massimo
Published: October 2024

The global refugee population, currently estimated at 35.3 million by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), is one of the most vulnerable groups in the world, facing daily threats of violence, conflict, and persecution. While international efforts to address these crises are ongoing, the increasing number of displaced individuals underscores the urgent need for sustainable solutions. Among the myriad challenges refugees face, access to adequate healthcare remains a critical concern, particularly in the domain of surgical care.
THE FORGOTTEN HISTORY OF THE WAQF: THE KAʿABA
Authors:   Islamic Economics Institute, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, Belabes Abderrazak
Published: October 2024

This research aims to shed light on the forgotten history of waqf. It examines the limits of the fiqhi and legal interpretation of waqf as a gift contract, Islamic social and solidarity economy institution, an instrument of Islamic social finance, in exploring historical facts. Through a careful examination of the awqāf literature, the research finds that the Kaʿaba was the first waqf built on Earth by Ādam and then rebuilt by Ibrāhīm and Ismāʿīl after the Flood of Nuḥ. This forgotten history of the Kaʿaba as a waqf is an example of how our preconceptions get in the way of the historical data. Among the major historical results of this study concerning the Kaʿaba, the following should be noted: (1) The construction of the Kaʿaba by Ādam arises from a mīthāq (pact) of obedience to God and not from an ʿaqd tabaruʿ (donation contract) made in perpetuity. (2) The Kaʿaba is the best waqf that exists on earth from Ādam until the Last Day. (3) The Kaʿaba was rebuilt by Ibrāhīm and Ismāʿīl after the flood on the original location. Among the organization of life, the reconstruction of the Kaʿaba by Ibrāhīm and Ismāʿīl, with local natural resources, shows the importance of the recall to Worshipping God alone, without associating anything else with Him in the foundation of the process of maʿāsh (which closely associates the world we live from and the world we live in), and that of ʿumrān (which encourages regrouping in a place for living together in peace).
ABU MUIN AN-NASAFI - THE CONTINUATOR OF THE DOCTRINE OF MOTURUDIYA
Authors:   Department of History and Social Sciences, University of Economics and Pedagogy, Uzbekistan, Murtazova Sahodat
Published: October 2024

The paper studies the scientific activity of the great scholar Abu Muin an-Nasafi, the scholar of the word, the sword of truth, who continued the doctrine of Moturudiya and caused its wide spread
Universal Design in Design Education: Developing a Framework of Cross-Continental Perspectives.
Authors: White P.J. , Briede-Westermeyer Juan Carlos , Dempsey Hilary , López Gabriela
Published: October 2024

Since the 1990s, the principles of Universal Design have offered design educators overarching guidelines to ensure the greatest extent of users are included in the design process. Universal Design education has grown widely, in turn inspiring the development of Universal Design for Learning. Universal Design education for design programmes at university level is evolving with an emphasis on addressing global challenges in inclusion. As a result of this change, the conditions in which we embed Universal Design in programmes and curricula need to be understood in greater detail. In this short paper, we initiate research on embedding Universal Design in design education at university level in a global context. We have developed a draft framework by gaining the cross-continental perspectives and reflections of senior design educators working in South America and Europe. The framework shows that the conditions for embedding Universal Design in design education rely on the application of real-world research overlapping with the creation of suitable learning environments for Universal Design. The findings of this draft framework will be leveraged to develop a deeper understanding of Universal Design across continents. The next stage of this research will be to expand the study with design educators in Asia, North America, Australia/Oceania and Africa.
Qanun and House of Worship Conflict: The Irony of the Aceh Government in Aceh Singkil
Authors: . Muzakkir , . M. Anzaikhan
Published: October 2024

Resolving the conflict over the legality of the establishment of non-Muslim houses of worship in Aceh Singkil is not an easy matter, especially after the burning of 1 church and the demolition of 9 churches in 2015. The existence of Christian congregations that continue to grow is a 'time bomb' in the future, considering that not a single church has received its license to date. This research aims to place the 'real' phenomenon (the latest motive) behind the non-approval of permits for the establishment of non-Muslim houses of worship in Aceh Singkil. This research is an output of the Research Organization for Science and Social Humanities (OR IPSH) Program House of the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) in collaboration with PTKIN Aceh Lecturers. This research is classified as field research with a qualitative approach. The methodology used is a phenomenological study and ethnographic study. Data collection was done through interviews and Qanun observations. The study found that church burning is not a religious conflict but a conflict of political interests. Politicians deliberately maintain religious conflicts (always exist) to obtain majority votes. Second, the motive for not issuing permits for the establishment of non-Muslim houses of worship is a hypocritically packaged 'hands-off policy'. Through Qanun's affirmation, the executive does not want legality to be issued when they take office.
Evaluating the Economic Impacts of Artificial Intelligence Integration on Supply Chain Management; A Mediation Analysis through AI Capability
Authors: Mohamad Balouza
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the performance of Supply Chain Management (SCMP) while also investigating the mediating influence of AI Capability (AICAP). The hypotheses examined were as follows: H1, the beneficial influence of AI on SCMP; and H2, the mediating role of AICAP in the link between AI and SCMP. The research was underpinned by a positivist philosophy which supported in being able to carry out an objective analysis of AICAP's mediation between AI and SCMP. Regression analysis with a deductive way was used to investigate the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The ability to quantitatively analyze the data supported a comprehensive examination of hypotheses originally posited. Findings indicated that there is a strong positive association (r = 0.816) between AI and SCMP, with R2 of the variance in SCMP accounted by AI as 66.5%, therefore, continued support for H1 was established. Moreover, the mediating role of AICAP is significant (total effect = 0.8239 and mediation effect = 0.1862, implicating H2 as well. These results verify the importance of AI for SCMP improvement.
Microprocessor equipment SPD selection particularities
Authors: Кузнецов М.Б. , Павлов Е.В. , Щербина Е.Г.
Published: October 2024

В статье описаны особенности выбора УЗИП для защиты системы микропроцессорной централизации стрелок и светофоров (МПЦ) при импортозамещении. Предложен унифицированный метод входного и периодического контроля параметров УЗИП, в том числе для комбинированных УЗИП, состоящих из последовательно включенных разрядника и варистора.

The paper describes issues of selection SPD parameters for protection of microprocessor interlocking equipment and other railway automation and telemechanics systems in conditions of import substitution. A unified method of SPD parameters monitoring is proposed, including for combined SPD consisting of a series-connected spark gap and varistor.
From silence to surge : illuminating the stealthy threat of aneurysms and dissections with the aid of cell models and insights into the genetic architecture
Authors:   , Perik Melanie H.A.M.
Published: October 2024

Thoracic aortic wall weakening can lead to thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) and life-threatening dissections and ruptures. Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by skeletal and cardiovascular features, including TAA(D)s. LDS is distinguished by features like hypertelorism, cleft palate or bifid uvula, widespread arterial tortuosity, and a predisposition for aneurysms throughout the arterial tree. This autosomal dominant disorder results from loss-of-function mutations in genes involved in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway. This thesis examines LDS type V (LDS-V), focusing on a p.(Asp263His) likely pathogenic variant in the TGFB3 gene. Mutations in TGFB3 typically result in milder symptoms with significant intra- and interfamilial phenotypic variability. By studying five distantly related families with this variant, a range of connective tissue and cardiovascular features, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and valve abnormalities, was observed, but with limited aortic involvement. This suggests that additional factors may be required for aneurysm development in LDS-V patients. To further explore this, peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were differentiated into neural crest-derived vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to create a disease-specific model. Enhancements such as heparin stimulation during starvation were used to increase VSMC maturity and functional studies were optimized. Preliminary findings showed that VSMCs from LDS-V patients harboring the p.(Asp263His) variant exhibited a trend of reduced contractile marker expression, contractility and calcium flux compared to VSMCs from healthy controls. Furthermore, an upregulation of the (non-)canonical TGFβ pathway, was observed, indicating that this model successfully replicates aspects of LDS-V disease. Additionally, we tried to confirm the pathogenicity of the THSD4 gene, involved in fibrillin-1 matrix assembly and TGFβ regulation, in five additional THSD4 families. Despite its previous association with TAAs, we question the pathogenicity and classification of THSD4 variants due to the non-penetrance and non-segregation observed. Functional assays using the NC-VSMC model could further clarify the role of THSD4 in TAAD. Finally, spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) patients also show arterial wall weakening, potentially leading to severe outcomes. SCAD is linked to fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and occasionally to TAA(D) genes. Investigation of rare variants in known TAA(D) genes revealed that rare LDS variants impinge on SCAD risk, suggesting a role for dysregulated TGFβ signaling. These findings underscore the need for functional studies to better understand the impact of genetic variants on these diseases. IPSC-derived VSMCs offer a promising avenue for further research, risk assessment, and drug discovery, ultimately enhancing patient care.
Induce pain to relieve pain : the effect of “exercise into discomfort” on clinical outcomes and ultrasound imaging parameters in patients with subacromial shoulder pain
Authors:   , Cavaggion Claudia
Published: October 2024

Subacromial shoulder pain (SSP) is a common musculoskeletal complaint, often triggered by overhead movements. SSP can result from extrinsic factors like external compression of the rotator cuff (RC) during arm elevation or intrinsic factors such as changes in the RC’s load capacity. Conservative treatments, particularly exercise therapy, are recommended. The debate continues on whether exercises should be painful or not, as painful exercises might increase exercise-induced hypoalgesia and improve self-efficacy. Ultrasound (US) can help to investigate the subacromial (acromiohumeral distance, AHD) and subcoracoid (coracohumeral distance, CHD) spaces. While a reduction in AHD might indicate an extrinsic cause of SSP, the relationship between symptoms and AHD is inconsistent. The role of CHD and RC interval tendons in SSP has still to be investigated. US is operator-dependent, requiring proper training to ensure reliability. Further research is needed to explore the association of US changes with symptom improvement. This PhD project aimed to address four key objectives: 1) evaluating the feasibility of exercising into pain for SSP patients; 2) assessing the reliability of a novice US examiner in measuring AHD, CHD, and RC interval tendons; 3) comparing the effects of painful versus non-painful exercises in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on patient-reported and physical outcomes over a 12-week program with a six-month follow-up; 4) analysing the US outcomes collected during the RCT and exploring the correlation between changes in US measures and symptoms after six months. The feasibility study revealed high attendance at physiotherapy sessions but low adherence to home exercises. Only 57% of patients engaged in painful exercises, and physiotherapists faced difficulties in maintaining pain-provoking exercises over time. Consequently, the RCT was adjusted to include just one painful exercise, with the rate of perceived exertion being used instead of a numeric pain scale when necessary. The reliability studies showed high intra-rater reliability for a novice US examiner but poor-to-good inter-rater reliability compared to an expert, highlighting the need for thorough training. CHD measurements demonstrated high reliability and should be investigated in future research. The RCT results showed no significant differences between painful and non-painful exercise groups in improving clinical, physical, or US outcomes. However, all participants experienced considerable improvements in pain, disability, quality of life, strength, and range of motion. The findings suggest that painful exercises are not essential for symptom improvement, emphasizing the importance of other factors (psychological, contextual aspects) in rehabilitation.
Insurance fraud prediction with machine learning
Authors:   , Vandervorst Félix
Published: October 2024

Insurance Fraud is a problem which has received little attention in the machine learning literature. The two common fraud types encountered in insurance are Claims and Underwriting fraud (Viaene, 2004). One specific feature shared by both types is that the fraud status in non-self- revealing, which challenges the completeness and existence of a label history. This finding challenges the usage of machine learning approaches, which have been successfully applied to other fraud types (notably Credit Card Fraud). At underwriting of an insurance contract, fraud is as dynamic as the business environment itself and prospective policyholders swiftly capitalize on the latest opportunities which are set by the pricing policy of the company. Little recent research has been conducted on the topic (Xia, Gustafson, 2016; Akakpo et al. 2019), using restrictive assumptions (parametric distributions, unidirectional misrepresentation). A quantitative approach to model adverse data misrepresentations with respect to a pricing model using state of art approaches in non-parametric statistics is proposed. At the occurrence of a claim, the usual independence of records -a common assumption in supervised and unsupervised fraud problems- is often violated. Fraudsters organise staged accidents and construct social networks to perpetrate fraud. Graph networks capture those interactions, however their structures are not suited to common machine learning approaches which expect tabular data. This research aims at investigating the most effective way to approach fraud problems in insurance specifically, both at claim and underwriting stages, in collaboration with Allianz Benelux.
Sostenibilidad y justicia social en el ámbito del derecho agroalimentario
Authors: Lascorz Collada María-Cruz
Published: October 2024

La sostenibilidad y la justicia social son dos conceptos fundamentales, cuya interrelación en la búsqueda de un desarrollo equitativo y duradero es muy estrecha. La sostenibilidad alude a la capacidad de satisfacer las necesidades existentes por las personas en la actualidad, pero sin comprometer la capacidad de satisfacer dichas necesidades de las futuras generaciones. Dicho concepto, por tanto, abarca no solo la protección al medio ambiente, si bien es un punto fundamental, pero también el uso responsable de los recursos naturales, la gestión de los residuos y la reducción de la huella ecológica causada por particulares y grandes empresas. Por su parte, la justicia social implica la equidad e igualdad de oportunidades para todos los seres humanos, independientemente de cuál sea su origen, género, raza o condición socioeconómica. Si bien resulta compleja la obtención de una justicia social plena, pues los condicionantes de posición social y contactos siempre influirán, la responsabilidad de la administración es disminuir lo máximo posible las diferencias existentes entre unos y otros. Con esta nueva monografía, el grupo de investigación ECONOMIUS-J, de la Universidad San Jorge, aborda, en su vertiente jurídica, algunas de las cuestiones de mayor actualidad que actualmente influyen en la cuestión de la justicia y equidad social. Se trata de la tercera monografía del grupo de investigación. Tras las dos primeras, centradas en mayor medida en la obtención limpia de energía y circunscribiéndose a la materia medioambiental, el paso lógico devenía en ampliar el campo de investigación y analizar su incidencia en las personas y los colectivos más vulnerables.
Transfer Learning Strategy for Fault Identification in Wind Turbine High-Speed Shaft Bearing with Limited Samples
Authors: Gbashi S.M. , Olatunji O.O. , Adedeji P.A. , Madushele N.
Published: October 2024

The application of deep learning algorithms for fault identification in wind turbine components is contingent on extensive data. Such data is often scarce, especially in the faulty category. While adversarial data augmentation helps, biases from the original data persist, and larger datasets strain computational resources. As a solution, experts are turning to transfer learning. Leveraging insights from related domains, transfer learning enables machine learning models to circumvent the exigency of training from scratch with extensive data. This study proposed a transfer learning strategy for fault identification in high-speed wind turbine shaft bearings. Two-dimensional matrices extracted from vibration signals sampled from the turbine bearings are employed to train ResNet50 and VGG16 convolutional neural network models with frozen weights based on transfer learning. While both models performed well on the normal test samples, they showed differing robustness when evaluated with noise-induced test samples. Contrarily, the ResNet50 had an accuracy, F-score, and training time of 82.21%, 78.34%, and 26.3 s, respectively, while the VGG16 model had an accuracy and F-score of 95.55% and 95.35%, respectively, but trained for 46 s. The ResNet50 may have converged quickly due to “skip connection” in its architecture, typical of residual learning models. While the VGG16 is computationally intensive, its superior performance and resilience to noise make it suited for vibration-based defect detection in the high-speed shaft bearing, where severe background noise is prevalent.
Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara e os impactos estruturais na cidade de São Raimundo Nonato - PI
Authors: José Rampaneli de Almeida Vitor , Justamand Michel
Published: October 2024

Localizado na mesorregião do Sudoeste piauiense, o município de São Raimundo Nonato concentra os principais equipamentos e serviços para a recepção dos turistas que visitam o Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara, além de ser o mais importante centro econômico da região Sudeste do estado. Neste cenário, esse trabalho pretende detectar e entender os impactos estruturais no ambiente urbano do município de São Raimundo Nonato, a partir da instalação dessa Unidade de Conservação de visibilidade internacional, bem como reconhecer as debilidades estruturais que ainda persistem no município em estudo.
Geodiversidade do Alto Rio Negro
Authors: Menezes Basilio Cisnea , Cavalcante Lima Raimundo Humberto
Published: October 2024

O artigo parte da percepção da correlação dos elementos da geodiversidade com os  elementos cosmológicos indígenas do Alto Rio Negro, a partir de dois Kihti ukuse (narrativa ancestral) Yepamahsã (Tukano), e das obras do artista plástico Desana  Feliciano Lana. Para isso foram utilizadas as obras “OMERÕ Constituição e  Circulação de Conhecimento Yepamahsã” e “Agenciamento do mundo pelo KUMUÃ YE´PAMAHSÃ”, desenvolvidas por intelectuais indígenas do Alto Rio Negro. Foram selecionadas três áreas para correlação, que correspondem ao cartão postal da sede  urbana do município de São Gabriel da Cachoeira compreendida, o Morro Boa  Esperança, Serra do Cabari e Serra de Curicuriari, e seu entorno. O município de São  Gabriel da Cachoeira é o município com maior diversidade étnica do Brasil, o que evidencia características culturais bem marcantes, e de território de resistência. As  narrativas indígenas desde sua cosmologia de criação do mundo, do ser humano até  a prática atual do Bahsese, associadas à geodiversidade indicam uma conexão intrínseca à cultura indígena no seu cotidiano de vida e seus lugares.
PREVALÊNCIA DA SÍNDROME DE DOWN RELACIONADA COM A IDADE MATERNA NO BRASIL
Authors: Lírio Kethilyn Eduarda Ribeiro , Bovi Beatriz , Furlan Jociely Parrilha Mota
Published: October 2024

Down Syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic condition resulting from the presence of an extra chromosome, totaling 47 instead of the usual 46. The syndrome is more common among women aged 35 or over, but factors such as low education and social conditions also contribute to its incidence. In Brazil, it is estimated that there are around 300,000 people with this syndrome, with a rate of one case for every 700 births. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of Down Syndrome in Brazil according to data from the DATASUS system. The study is descriptive and analyzes data from the SUS Information Department (DATASUS) on cases of Down Syndrome born alive in Brazil between 2012 and 2022 and maternal age of 35 to 39 years, within Brazilian regions. The Southeast region has the highest number of births and diagnoses, followed by the Northeast, while the Central-West and North have the lowest rates. The study indicates that the prevalence of Down Syndrome is higher in the Southeast and Northeast regions of Brazil. In the Northeast, factors such as low education and family income, along with maternal age, influence genetic changes in the fetus. In the Southeast, high population density is the main factor. The text concludes that the determining factor in the prevalence of Down Syndrome is maternal age, but more research is needed to better understand the etiological factors of the Syndrome.
A FORMAÇÃO DAS IDENTIDADES: O CONCEITO DE HABITUS DE BOURDIEU CONTRIBUI PARA A COMPREENSÃO NO AMBIENTE ESCOLAR
Authors: Silva Carlos André dos Santos , Pena Rosinai Amanajás , Pena Rosinere Amanajás , Freitas Josué Coelho de
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo aborda o impacto do conceito de habitus, desenvolvido por Pierre Bourdieu, na formação das identidades no ambiente escolar, examinando como as disposições internalizadas pelos alunos, moldadas por contextos sociais específicos, influenciam suas percepções e construções identitárias. O problema investigado reside na perpetuação das desigualdades sociais através do habitus, que tende a reproduzir as disposições da classe dominante na escola.  O objetivo do estudo é analisar criticamente o papel do habitus na formação das identidades escolares e explorar práticas educativas que desafiem as disposições internalizadas. A metodologia empregada envolve uma revisão teórica da literatura sobre habitus, identidade e práticas escolares, com base em autores como Bourdieu, Ortiz e Lahire. Os resultados indicam que o habitus tem um impacto significativo na reprodução das desigualdades no ambiente escolar, mas também destacam o potencial de práticas pedagógicas transformadoras para reconfigurar essas disposições. As considerações finais apontam para a necessidade de políticas educacionais e metodologias de ensino que desafiem o habitus tradicional, promovendo uma educação mais justa e inclusiva.
OSTEONECROSE DOS MAXILARES RELACIONADO A MEDICAMENTOS
Authors: Correa Luis Fernando Alves , Dias João Kleber Silva , Lopes Ludymilla De Lima
Published: October 2024

A alta afinidade pelo tecido ósseo e consequente alteração do turnover ósseo causada pelos bisfosfonatos (BFs, fármacos antirreabsortivos) colocam em cheque a segurança da execução de procedimentos odontológicos invasivos nos maxilares em pacientes que fazem uso dessas medicações, apontando tais condutas como o principal gatilho para o surgimento de uma osteonecrose nos maxilares. Por conseguinte, vários autores e associações têm classificado a terapia com BFs como um fator limitante ou até mesmo excludente para a instalação de implantes dentários. A presente revisão de literatura teve como proposição identificar a existência ou não de um perfil de risco individual do paciente que fez ou faz uso de BFs, determinado por vários fatores, como: a via de administração, potência do fármaco, duração da terapia e doença base. Além disso, essa pesquisa buscou informações sobre contraindicação de instalação de implantes em pacientes sob terapia com BFs. Com base na literatura consultada foi possível concluir que os principais fatores que aumentam o risco de desenvolvimento de OMRM incluem: BFs administrado por via endovenosa; Pacientes com neoplasia maligna e mieloma múltiplo como doença base; Droga mais potente: ácido zoledrônico; Valor de CTX: < 150 pg/ml; Tempo de uso de BFs VO maior que três anos ou associado a corticoide; Sítio do implante: região posterior de mandíbula. Dentro das limitações deste trabalho, é possível afirmar que o uso de BFs não é uma contraindicação absoluta para a instalação de implantes.
Phthalates in Food
Authors: Oltulu Cagatay , Dasman Mustafa
Published: October 2024

Phthalates, also known as phthalic acid esters, are a group of chemicals extensively used to enhance the flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity of plastics. Since their introduction in the 1920s, they have become integral components in a wide range of consumer products, including toys, medical devices, packaging materials, cosmetics, and personal care items. Phthalates are synthesized through the esterification of phthalic acid with various alcohols, resulting in different properties based on the length and type of the alkyl chain. They are broadly classified into low molecular weight and high molecular weight phthalates.Despite their widespread use, phthalates pose significant health concerns due to their ability to leach out of products and enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption. Once in the body, they are metabolized into more active compounds that can disrupt endocrine function, leading to reproductive and developmental issues, hormonal imbalances, and other adverse health effects. Research has linked exposure to phthalates with conditions such as premature puberty in girls, reduced sperm quality in men, and various developmental disorders in children.

Environmental contamination is another major concern. Phthalates can leach into food and water from packaging materials, with levels increasing under certain conditions such as higher temperatures and prolonged storage. This widespread contamination underscores the necessity for stringent monitoring and regulatory measures to minimize human exposure and safeguard public health.

In this chapter, we will explore the mechanisms of phthalate exposure, their impact on human health, and the regulatory authorities needed to address these challenges.
Fluoride Toxicity
Authors: Aras Aysun , Orbak Recep , Orbak Zerrin
Published: October 2024

Adequate fluoride intake is beneficial for oral health in both children and adults. It prevents tooth decay through various mechanisms. Fluoride in low concentrations in saliva and plaque delays demineralization and accelerates remineralization of enamel lesions. It also disrupts glycolysis, the process by which cariogenic bacteria metabolize sugars to produce acid, and has bactericidal effects on these and other bacteria. During tooth development, ingested fluoride makes enamel more resistant to acid attacks and caries formation. However, excessive fluoride intake can be harmful. High amounts can bind to calcium, interfering with proteolytic and glycolytic enzyme activities. Fluoride ingestion in large quantities can be toxic, causing reactions with gastric acid to form hydrofluoric acid, which leads to abdominal pain, excessive salivation, nausea, vomiting, seizures, muscle cramps, and potentially respiratory paralysis. Inhalation of hydrogen fluoride can severely irritate the respiratory tract, cause asthma-like reactions, and pulmonary edema, while skin or eye contact can result in severe burns. Exposure to aluminium fluoride, particularly in occupational settings, can be fatal and may cause asthma with prolonged exposure.
Industrial Microbiology for Food Safety
Authors: Temiz Hakan
Published: October 2024

Food has been one of the most basic needs to sustain life since the beginning of human history. In order for people to sustain their lives in a healthy way, in addition to adequate and balanced nutrition, the food they consume must be safe. Safe food is defined as qualified food that has not lost its value in terms of nutrients and does not carry physical, chemical and biological risks. Increasing consumer concern about food safety and quality has forced the public and private food sectors to develop higher food safety and quality standards. Microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites can produce toxins with disease-causing effects in foods. In food safety, bacteria have been observed as the microorganism group that poses the most risk among biological hazards and plays the most role in food-related infections. Various practices and regulations are in place to ensure food safety, but the consumption of food contaminated with microbial agents causes foodborne diseases. Therefore, it is of great importance that microbial agents thought to be causative agents are detected with appropriate techniques in a short time and necessary precautions are taken.
Pesticides in Agricultural Products and Heath Effect
Authors: Bayhan Erol , Ceylan Ali
Published: October 2024

Widely used in the agricultural sector, they are designed to fight plant diseases, pests, insects, weeds and other harmful organisms. Pesticides are chemical or biological substances used to prevent or reduce the damage of harmful organisms to plants, humans and animals. For example, arsenic powder and sulphur were among the first pesticides used to control insects and pests during these periods. The most important reason for this is that natural organic and inorganic substances used as pesticides have been replaced by synthetic substances due to their disadvantages such as being unstable and quite expensive. Especially in the 19th century, the use of steam engines and the advancement of chemical science led to pesticides becoming more effective. DDT was used as an effective tool for the control of diseases, especially those carried by mosquitoes (Malaria). Rachel Carson`s 1962 book ``Silent Spring`` highlighted the negative effects of DDT on bird populations, and efforts have been made to regulate pesticides as part of the modern environmental movement. In addition, the use of pesticides secures the food supply by preventing the spread of plant diseases and pests. Pesticides protect plant health by reducing the effects of harmful organisms. Pesticides secure the food supply by enabling crops to grow in a controlled manner against harmful organisms. Pesticides prevent agricultural products from being destroyed by harmful organisms. These chemicals can cause harmful effects on the natural environment and living organisms. The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture, horticulture and other fields leads to the release of large quantities of chemicals into the natural environment.
Significant Parameters in Honey Safety
Authors: Demir Nurullah , Izol Ebubekir
Published: October 2024

Food safety is the responsibility of the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Expert Commission to ensure the production of healthy and perfect food. It is expressed as complying with the necessary rules and taking precautions during production, processing, storage, and distribution. The food safety concern associated with honey is of particular significance due to its production and marketing processes being subject to comparatively less regulation and control, unlike other agricultural goods. The issue of honey residue and the potential adulteration of honey with sugar additions has led customers to seek out direct purchases from producers rather than depending on market sources. Consequently, there exists a significant level of suspicion regarding the quality of honey available in the market. Despite the existence of numerous beekeeping and product standards, unfair competition negatively affects the industry because beekeepers are not well-organized and do not act on the knowledge they have gained from previous beekeepers, use ineffective or incomplete methods to combat bee diseases, sell products in unsuitable conditions for food safety, and engage in practices intended to deceive consumers.
Bacterial Toxins
Authors: Gul Guven Reyhan , Guven Kemal
Published: October 2024

In the globalizing world, food safety and food-borne pathogenic microorganisms are among the important public health problems. There are more than 250 known foodborne diseases and many different types of viruses, bacteria, parasites, toxins, metals and prions that cause these diseases. Toxic molecules generated by bacteria, whether within or outside the organisms, are commonly referred to as "toxins". Toxins serve as the primary virulence factors generated by a multitude of bacteria responsible for causing severe illnesses in both humans and animals. Toxins are the primary bacterial component leading to health problems. This chapter provides information about bacterial toxins.
Public Health Protection Approaches to Prevent Violence
Authors: Gullu Muhsin , Turkkan Alpaslan
Published: October 2024

A severe problem for public health is the prevalence of violence in the healthcare which has become an epidemic in every region of the world and continues to rise with each passing year. Violence in healthcare affects the well-being of healthcare workers and reduces the quality of healthcare services. This chapter examines various studies on violence in health and explores the prevalence, forms, risk factors and root causes of violence. We suggest a comprehensive strategy to address violence in healthcare by implementing interventions at various levels - individual, organizational, and socioeconomic. Our aim is to eradicate violence in healthcare through a combination of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention methods. By prioritizing risk reduction and safety measures, the implementation of policies will not only safeguard healthcare professionals but also improve the standard of patient care.
Healthcare Employee and Patient Rights
Authors: Yeyit Sevval , Kacan Havva
Published: October 2024

Recommendations about the attitudes of healthcare staff and patients toward patient rights within the scope of patient rights and the current status of patient rights are dis- cussed in this section. The correlation between healthcare staff and patients, patient rights regulations of countries, attitudes of healthcare staff and patients toward patient rights and related factors, the most frequently violated patient rights and ethical problems are emphasized. The section also involves the ethical dilemmas faced by healthcare staff when defending patient rights, situations that cause ethical dilemmas, and attitudes on this is- sue, and emphasizes that patient rights are based on human rights and are a medical re- flection of human rights. It is argued that patient rights are universal for every individual, but perceptions of patient rights might change depending on individual characteristics. As a result, recommendations are included to raise awareness and strengthen healthcare staff and patients about patient rights.