bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VARIAÇÃO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA CONDIÇÃO DA VEGETAÇÃO NO INTERIOR PAULISTA
Authors: Filgueiras Roberto , Nicolete Donizeti Aparecido Pastori , Cunha Antonio Ribeiro , Zimback Célia Regina Lopes
Published: September 2019

A compreensão da dinâmica das condições da vegetação ao longo do tempo tem sido ampliada devido ao avanço das técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a dinâmica espaço-temporal da vegetação estratificada por diferentes usos e cobertura da terra, em área localizada no município de Botucatu-SP. Para isso, foram utilizadas 21 imagens da plataforma Landsat-5/TM, totalizando uma série temporal de 25 anos (1985 a 2010). As imagens foram submetidas aos processos de conversão dos números digitais para valores físicos, correção atmosférica e correção topográfica. As imagens corrigidas foram utilizadas para estimar os valores do VCI (Vegetation Condition Index). Os resultados da estimativa do VCI foram promissores para subsidiar a análise espaço-temporal da condição da vegetação em nível local, sendo sensível às variações locais de precipitação pluviométrica, amplificando a variabilidade intra-classe de uso da terra para o vigor da vegetação. O comportamento característico da floresta semidecidual (classe de uso da terra = Floresta) presente na propriedade foi perceptível nessa análise, fato que faz com se recomende essa metodologia em pesquisas futuras relacionadas a análise da condição da vegetação.Palavras-chave: monitoramento ambiental; sensoriamento remoto; séries temporais. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHANGES IN VEGETATION CONDITIONS IN PAULIST INTERIOR ABSTRACT: There is an increasing demand to better understand the dynamics of the vegetation conditions over time as a result of the improvement of remote sensing techniques. Yhis study aimed to analyse the spatio-temporal behavior of vegetation, stratified by land use in area located in Botucatu-SP. We sused21 Landsat-5 TM images in 25 years (1985 – 2010) of analysis. We applied conversion of the digital numbers to physical values, atmospheric and topographic corrections, which allowed to analyze the vegetation changes by using the VCI (Vegetation Condition Index) calculation. The VCI showed a good performance in analyzing the spatiotemporal vegetation condition at a local level, it is sensitive to local variations of rainfall, it enhances the variability of the intra-class land use for the vigor of vegetation. By applying the VCI we were able to observe the vegetation pattern of the semideciduous forest (land use class = Forest) present in the area, fact that makes this methodology recommended in future researches related to the analysis of the vegetation condition.Keywords: environmental monitoring; remote sensing; time series.
MANEJO DA PALHADA E ADUBAÇÃO NA PRODUÇÃO DA SOJA E COBERTURA DO SOLO
Authors: Cortez Jorge Wilson , Furlani Carlos Eduardo Angeli , Silva Rouverson Pereira da , Arcoverde Salvio Napoleão Soares
Published: September 2019

Diversos fatores podem interferir no desenvolvimento da cultura da soja, dentre os quais pode-se citar o manejo de restos culturais e o método de aplicação do adubo. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os equipamentos de manejo da palhada (rolo-faca, triturador de palhas e roçadora) e sistemas de adubação (em pré-semeadura e na semeadura), na produção da soja e cobertura do solo. O experimento foi conduzido em Latossolo Vermelho utilizando-se um esquema fatorial 2 x 3 em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados: estande inicial e final, distribuição longitudinal, altura de planta e inserção da primeira vagem, número de vagens por planta e número de grãos por vagem, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade além da porcentagem de cobertura do solo e biomassa seca no solo. Os sistemas de manejo da palhada, individualmente, influenciaram as variáveis: estande, altura de inserção da primeira vagem e número de vagens por planta. A interação manejo da palhada e adubação, seja na semeadura ou pré-semeadura, não influenciaram a produtividade da soja. A cobertura do solo foi maior para o tratamento com rolo-faca com adubação em pré-semeadura. A massa seca no solo foi maior após manejo para o triturador na adubação em pré-semeadura.Palavras-chave: resíduos agrícolas; desenvolvimento de cultura; uniformidade de distribuição. STRAW MANAGEMENT AND FERTILIZATION IN SOYBEAN PRODUCTION AND SOIL COVER ABSTRACT: Several factors can interfere in the development of the soybean crop, among which we can mention the management of cultural remains and the method of applying the fertilizer. The objective of this study was to evaluate straw management equipment (knife roller, rotary mower and straw crusher) and fertilization systems (before sowing and sowing), soybean production and soil cover. The experiment was conducted in Red Latosol using a 2 x 3 factorial randomized block design with four replicates. The initial and final stand, longitudinal distribution, plant height and insertion of the first pod, number of pods per plant and number of grains per pod, mass of 100 grains and yield in addition to the percentage of soil cover and dry biomass in the soil . The straw management systems, individually, influenced the variables: stand, height of insertion of the first pod and number of pods per plant. The interaction between straw management and fertilization, whether at sowing or before sowing, did not influence soybean yield. Soil cover was higher for the treatment with a knife roller with fertilization in pre-sowing. The dry mass in the soil was higher after handling to the straw crusher in the before seeding fertilization.Keywords: agricultural wastes; growth stages; distribution uniformity.
COMPORTAMENTO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA FUSARIOSE EM PIMENTA-DO-REINO
Authors: Brumat Ana Carolina Lyra , Silva Marcelo Barreto da , Souza Antonio Fernando de , Gontijo Ivoney , Vitória Edney Leandro da , Sambugaro Rosana
Published: September 2019

Objetivou-se com o trabalho estudar a dinâmica de distribuição espaço-temporal da fusariose em pimenta-do-reino. Foram monitoradas quatro áreas de plantio, no município de São Mateus-ES, no período de dez/2015 a dez/2016. Realizaram-se seis avaliações da doença. As plantas foram avaliadas visualmente em busca dos sintomas típicos da doença. A presença ou ausência de sintomas, e a posição de cada planta, foram anotadas em planilhas obtendo-se o mapeamento da evolução da doença dentro das áreas. Com base nos mapas criados fez-se o estudo da distribuição espaço-temporal. A partir dos dados de incidência calculou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) e realizou-se o ajuste de modelos epidemiológicos.  Para o estudo espacial utilizou-se a Lei de Taylor modificada, o Índice de Dispersão (ID) e a análise de dinâmica e estrutura de focos (ADEF). O modelo monomolecular foi o que melhor se ajustou à curva de progresso da fusariose.  Observou-se que os resultados de ID variaram em cada área. A Lei de Taylor modificada indicou distribuição agregada somente em uma área.  A ADEF demonstrou que com a evolução da doença ao longo do tempo os focos se tornavam maiores e em menor número.Palavras-chave: Piper nigrum; Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis; epidemiologia. SPATIO-TEMPORAL BEHAVIOR OF FUSARIOSIS IN BLACK PEPPER ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to study the spatio-temporal dynamics of fusariosis in black pepper. Four planting areas were monitored in the municipality of São Mateus-ES, in the period from 10/2015 to 10 / 2016. Six classifieds of the disease were carried out. The plants were visually evaluated for the typical symptoms of the disease. The presence or absence of symptoms, and the position of each plant, were recorded on planets and the mapping of the evolution of the disease within the areas was obtained. Based on the sites visited, he studied the spatial-temporal distribution. From the calculation data, an area under the disease progress curve (AACPD) is calculated and adjusted for epidemiological models. For the spatial study we used a modified Taylor's Law, the Dispersion Index (ID) and a dynamics and foci structure analysis (ADEF). The monomolecular model was the one that best fit the progression curve of fusariosis. It was observed that the ID results varied in each area. The modified Taylor Law indicated the distribution of content in an area. ADEF demonstrated an evolution of the disease over time as the outbreaks became larger and smaller.Keywords: Piper nigrum; Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis; epidemiology.
DIAGNÓSTICO DA COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DE MADEIRA SERRADA NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO
Authors: Zaque Leonardo Antônio de Moraes , Melo Rafael Rodolfo de , Stangerlin Diego Martins , Serenine Junior Laercio
Published: September 2019

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o comércio madeireiro no estado de Mato Grosso, analisando as principais espécies madeireiras comercializadas e os seus principais produtos gerados. Os dados foram coletados a partir dos relatórios de Beneficiamento e Comércio de Produtos da Madeira por Espécie Florestal e disponibilizados pela Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente de Mato Grosso (SEMA-MT). O diagnóstico foi realizado no período entre 2007 e 2014, onde foram analisados o volume total, os valores comercializados das dez espécies mais comercializadas e dos seus produtos gerados. As dez espécies mais comercializadas (Erisma uncinatum Warm., Goupia glabra Aubl, Qualea albiflora Warm., Qualea paraensis Ducke, Mezilaurus itauba, Qualea sp., Hymenolobium sp., Apuleia sp., Trattinnickia sp. e Vochysia sp.) obtiveram um valor de 5,6 bilhões e um volume aproximado de 10,42 milhões de metros cúbicos no período, que corresponde a 48,60% do volume total comercializado. Os produtos analisados corresponderam a quase 36% de todos os produtos comercializáveis pelas principais espécies em volume, e em valor corresponderam a cerca de 70% do total.Palavras-chave: indústria madeireira; madeira tropical; comércio de madeiras. DIAGNOSIS OF THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF SAWN TIMBER IN THE STATE OF MATO GROSSO ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to evaluate the timber trade in the state of Mato Grosso, analyzing the main timber species traded and its main products generated. The data were collected from the reports of Beneficiation and Trade of Madeira Products by Forest Species and made available by the State Secretariat of Environment of Mato Grosso (SEMA-MT). The diagnosis was made between 2007 and 2014, where the total volume, the commercialized values of the ten most traded species and their products were analyzed. The ten most commercialized species (Erisma uncinatum Warm., Goupia glabra Aubl, Qualea albiflora Warm., Qualea paraensis Ducke, Mezilaurus itauba, Qualea sp., Hymenolobium sp., Apuleia sp., Trattinnickia sp. e Vochysia sp.) obtained a value 5.8 billion and an approximate volume of 10.42 million cubic meters in the period, which corresponds to 48.60% of the total volume traded. The products analyzed corresponded to almost 36% of all products traded by the main species in volume, and in value corresponded to about 70% of the total.Keywords: timber industry; tropical wood; timber trade.
CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA O CONHECIMENTO DE LAMIINAE (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO, BRASIL
Authors: Barreto Marliton Rocha , Silva Pablo João da
Published: September 2019

A Classe Insecta representa 80% do Reino Animal e a ordem Coleoptera é a mais diversa em número de espécies, com os mais variados hábitos alimentares. Entre os insetos xilófagos, destacam-se os da Família Cerambycidae e poucos trabalhos relatam a presença de Lamiinae na região amazônica. Desta forma, este trabalho objetivou contribuir para o conhecimento da fauna de Lamiinae da região norte do estado de Mato Grosso. Os insetos foram coletados nos anos de 2008 a 2010, em área florestal, no período noturno, das 18: 00 as 06: 00 h., com armadilha luminosa, em duas áreas: nos municípios de Claudia (11º34'54.0"S; 55º17'15.6" W) e Sinop (11º 87' 20.9" S 55º 47' 48.6" W). No laboratório de Entomologia da Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), Câmpus de Sinop, os insetos foram triados, montados e separados para identificação das espécies. A presente contribuição enumerou 20 espécies de Lamiinae para o estado de Mato Grosso, distribuídos em 11 tribos e 18 gêneros, com quatro novas ocorrências para o estado e oito para a região norte do estado. Grosso e contribui para o conhecimento da riqueza e da distribuição de algumas espécies de Ceramcycidae, os quais constituem bons indicadores de diferentes compartimentos do sistema.Palavras-chave: Amazônia meridional; besouros; Insecta; inventário. CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF LAMIINAE (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) IN THE STATE OF MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL ABSTRACT: The Class Insecta, represents 80% of the Animal Kingdom and order Coleoptera is the most diverse, concerning the number of species, with the most varied eating habits. Among the xylophagous insects stand out from the family Cerambycidae and few studies have reported the presence of Lamiinae in the Amazon region. Thus, this study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of the fauna of Lamiinae from the northern state of Mato Grosso. The insects were collected in the years 2008-2010, in forest area, at night, from 18:00 to 06:00 h, with light traps in two areas: Municipalities Claudia (11º34'54.0"S; 55º17'15.6" W) and Sinop (11º87' 20.9" S 55º47' 48.6" W). In entomology laboratory of Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Campus of Sinop, the insects were sorted, mounted, and separated to identification to species level. The present contribution listed 20 species of Lamiinae for the state of Mato Grosso, distributed in 11 tribes and 18 genera, with four new occurrences for the state and eight for the northern region of the state and contributes to the knowledge of the richness and distribution of some species of Ceramcycidae, which are good indicators of different compartments of the system.Keywords: beetles; Insect; inventory; Southern Amazon.
CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT OF �GREEN� BUSINESS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT EXPERIENCE OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: BOIARCHUK А.I. , CHABANOV D.V.
Published: September 2019

Topicality. The actuality of problem of �green� business stimulation and creation of favourable climate rises nowadays because of the necessity of additional resources engaging in socio-economic development of Ukraine and due to the reform progress that causes new possibilities for communities �green� business. At the period of active global modernization of humanity in scientific and political circles, issues related to the "green" business began to be discussed more and more, in which the necessity of intensifying the development of the branches of the national economy, creation and increase of natural capital was foreseen.
Aim and tasks. The article is devoted to defining features of �green� business and the basic tools of transformation in social-oriented system. The contradictions of its forming have been reflected. The perspectives of development of �green� business as functional form of �green� economy have been defined. Using three groups of tools: economic, marketing and corporate are proposed to improve the implementation of the basic principles of �green� business.
Research results. Developed a conceptual model of development of entrepreneurship in the sphere of �green� business and as a result of the region whose main idea is to increase the level of interest in the development of business, government, based on certain criteria, through the promotion of entrepreneurship in the regions, as well as the result of which is the elimination of inconsistencies of socio-ecologic-economic development of regions by applying organizational and economic levers of influence. Usually, economic development, based on the principles of the "green" economy, is quite difficult to fulfill, since in the world models of megaeconomics and assess of their effectiveness are already formed.
In global and domestic practice, the "green" business is becoming increasingly competitive every year. "Green" business is not only the refinement of income from the production of environmentally friendly products and the provision of environmental services, but also the preservation of the environment and natural resources.
Conclusion. The article substantiates the expediency of the principles of sustainable development to preserve the environment and minimize environmental risks in the country's national strategy, regional development programs and strategies in Ukrainian companies. Green "business can be considered as a business activity, which is based on the recognition of the principle of non-alternative environmental activities. At the same time it is necessary to assimilate the potential of the natural environment in the form of expanded reproduction of business resources, and the most important criteria are the formation of systems for assessing the quality of the product, competitive advantages, investment attractiveness and the effectiveness of business activities in general.
The Preservation and Continuation of Sephardi Art in Morocco
Authors: Sabar Shalom
Published: September 2019

While it is widely known that the Jews of medieval Spain carried with them their language, literature and other traditions to the countries in which they settled following the Expulsion in 1492, little research has been conducted on the preservation of their material culture and the visual arts. In this article, these aspects are examined vis-à-vis the Judaic artistic production and visual realm of the Sephardi Jews in Morocco, who adhered to these traditions perhaps more staunchly than any other Sephardi community in modern times. The materials are divided into several categories which serve as an introduction to specific topics that each require further research. These include Hebrew book printing, Jewish marriage contracts (ketubbot), Hebrew manuscript decoration, clothing and jewellery relating to the world of the Sephardi-Moroccan woman and the interior of the home, and ceremonial objects for the synagogue.
Modeling the dynamics of a sand beach governed by the wave and underwater bar interaction
Authors: Kuznetsova O. A. , Saprykina Ya. V.
Published: September 2019

Effect of bar position on underwater profile of sandy beach was studied at the timescale of one storm using the xBeach numerical model. Beach profiles were extracted from the bathymetry of the Shkorpilovtsy beach (the Bulgarian coast of the Black Sea). Computed results were verified by field measurements. The largest shoreline retreat occurred in the first hour of a storm. For the chosen wave regime (largest wave height 1.5 m, wave period 10.5 s), an equilibrium profile was formed after 6 hours. The resulting profile contained an underwater terrace with the slope close to that of the theoretical equilibrium profile. It was shown that the position of the underwater bar affects the shoreline retreat rate. The smallest and the largest shore retreat occur if bar crest is located at a distance about 0.7–0.8 and 0.5 of the deep water wavelength, correspondingly. It was found that the shoreline retreat depends on the height of infragravity waves and mean wave period: the smaller mean wave period and the higher infragravity waves near the coast, the smaller is the retreat of the coastal line. Distance of seaward sediment transfer is directly relates to the height of large waves near the shore.
Lake Onego development in the late glacial assessed with the use of GIS technologies
Authors: Subetto D. A. , Potakhin M. S. , Zobkov M. B. , Tarasov A. Yu. , Shelekhova T. S. , Gurbich V. A.
Published: September 2019

The GIS-based reconstructions of Lake Onego development in the Late Glacial (14500–12300 yrs ago) were performed. Reconstructions have been based on the deglaciation model of the Lake Onego depression, digital elevation model of the lake depression, SRTM model of its drainage basin and on the data obtained from the palaeolimnological studies of numerous lake sediment cores. This allowed us to distinguish six main stages of the lake development for which a series of detailed schemes were produced. 1. Formation of the ice-dammed lake as a result of the ice sheet retreating (14.5 cal ka BP). 2. Emerging of the southern and central parts of the lake basin from the ice cover (14.0 cal ka BP). 3. The maximum development of the proglacial lake (13.3 cal ka BP). The lake area in this period was around 33 000 km2. 4. The first regression (13.2 ka BP). 5. The second regression (12.4 ka BP). 6. The third regression (12.3 ka BP), when the area of the lake dropped to 18 000 km2. We created detailed digital maps of the main stages of Lake Onego development during the Late Glacial and calculated the spatial parameters of the lake. The quantitative data obtained in this study would be used in estimation of the volumes of the lake and outflow discharges in the past. Maps are available in electronic form.
Holocene environmental changes in the Northern Khibiny mountains (Kola Peninsula) inferred by diatom analysis of lake sediments
Authors: Shilova O. S. , Romanenko F. A. , Kolka V. V. , Denisov D. B.
Published: September 2019

The article presents the results of diatom analysis of bottom sediment cores of Lake Shchuchye located in the northern part of the Khibiny Mountains. Data of radiocarbon dating of lacustrine sediments and comparison with previously published sections of lake sediments in the Kola Peninsula suggest that the accumulation of sediments in Shchuchye Lake began during the final stages of deglaciation in the early Holocene and continued uninterruptedly until the present time. Changes in the composition of diatom associations in sediments reflect alterations in the hydrodynamic regime of the lake associated with the isolation from the Goltsovoye Lake, influence of Kunyok River runoff, evolution of vegetation and weathering processes in the catchment area. We used concentration, variety and composition of species and distinguished 8 separate zones of diatoms. Climate changes in the Holocene are reflected directly in the change of the percentage of indicator species, and indirectly through changes in pH, etc. The early Holocene rise of temperature began in this region later than in the sea coastal area. It may reflect the pecularities of deglaciation, namely — late melting of alpine glaciers. Along with the evolutionary environmental changes some catastrophic events are reflected in the sediments of the Shchuchye Lake. For example, in early stages, there the yield of big quantity of terrigenous deposits into the lake was revealed produced by mud flows and erosion from slopes covered by scarce vegetation at that time. Mudflow processes probably led to the formation of a clear interlayer of terrigenous material in the biogenic sediments in the upper part of the section.
对秀山县生态旅游资源开发与利用的思考
Authors: 李 伟丽
Published: September 2019

当前旅游已从传统的观光游转变成重体验、重参与的文化游。秀山为全面贯彻“旅游是金山、电商是银山”的要求,充分发挥“一脚踏三省、三省共一城”独特资源禀赋和生态自然、人文资源的优势,以武陵山区文化旅游城市为发展定位,走深走实产业生态化、生态产业化路径,加快把秀山建设成为重庆东南重要门户、武陵山区践行“两山论”的样板,让边城风情秀色可餐、秀山人民秀外慧中。
林业技术推广在生态林业建设中的问题及对策
Authors: 李 东领
Published: September 2019

随着人们生活水平的提高以及对美好生活的向往,生态文明建设逐渐得到人们的重视。生态林业建设是生态文明建设的关键,而林业技术推广是生态林业建设中的重要组成部分,所以当务之急是进行林业技术的推广工作。但在实践过程中仍存在许多问题,本文通过探究林业技术推广在实践过程中所存在的问题,提出了一些解决对策,希望为林业技术的推广提供思考和借鉴。
会计信息管理学生专业情意调查研究——基于昆山登云科技职业学院的调查研究
Authors: 张 香芹 , 池 宁波
Published: September 2019

专业情意是学生全面发展的重要方面,然而在传统的教育教学中,我们更多地去关注学生专业知识和专业能力方面的发展,却忽视了对其进行专业情意的培养。专业情意和专业知识及专业能力一样,都是培养学生全面发展必不可少的组成部分。因此,在对学生的培养过程中,一定也不能忽视了专业情意的培养。本文以昆山登云科技职业学院会计信息管理专业学生为调查研究对象,进行专业情意调查。针对调查中存在的问题,提出相应的解决对策。
内蒙古高校太极拳教学现状调查与分析
Authors: 张 博 , 段 慧宇 , 朝 日格图
Published: September 2019

近几年随着我国改革开放的深入,太极拳运动逐渐普及。太极拳运动在高等院校中的发展也日益形成良好趋势,参加太极拳运动的学生与日俱增,高校太极拳课程也逐步被广大学生所接受。但在众多高校开展太极拳课程中也可以发现,部分学生仍然存在课上被动学习、课下不去练习的尴尬情况。本文对内蒙古高校太极拳教学现状进行调查与分析,通过对学校课程现状、学生参与动机、师资职称结构等多方面进行调查研究,了解和掌握我区高校太极拳教学的现状,对其进行具体分析,得出影响教学质量的主要因素,为我区今后更好的开展太极拳教学提供可参考依据。
论短视频在职业教育中的发展可行性
Authors: 吕 伟
Published: September 2019

随着“抖音”、“快手”等APP的兴起,一股短视频浪潮席卷了互联网新媒体领域,各行各业借助短视频为自身引流,以获取巨额红利,短视频的数量近2年来成爆发式的增长。在职业教育中,微课亦是一种教学视频的呈现形式,发展至今已近10年,教学视频也将面临改革创新,短视频的出现对职业教育是否有促进发展作用？教师授课的形式和风格是否会有新的转变？学生获取知识与技能的途径是否能拓新？或许,跨领域的产物也能成为职业教育加速发展的助力。
我国生态环境保护的法律问题研究
Authors: 廖 燕臻
Published: September 2019

受多方面因素影响,我国对生态环境保护整理效果还不够理想,引起了一系列环境问题,这将影响公民生活和我国可持续性发展。为了进一步促进环境保护,需建立健全环境保护法律法规,对违法行为进行严肃处理,以逐步增强公民的环保护意识。结合实际情况,采用科学合理手段,创建出生态文明的环境。
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER (NHT) UNTUKMENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA
Authors: Yulisafni Yulisafni
Published: September 2019

This research is a classroom action research with the aim to improve the learning outcomes of Natural Sciences students in grade VI SD Negeri 019 Bumi Ayu by applying the cooperative learning model numbered heads together (NHT). This research was conducted in two cycles consisting of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The results of the study showed, in the initial data that was completed as many as 12 students with classical completeness of 48% the category was incomplete. In the first cycle, student learning outcomes have increased with the number of students who completed to 18 students with classical completeness by 72% complete category. In the second cycle, student learning outcomes increased again to 23 students with a classical completeness of 92% complete category. it can be concluded that by implementing numbered heads together (NHT) learning can improve the learning outcomes of students of Class VI of Public Elementary School 019 Bumi Ayu.
Popular Attitudes, Populist Attitudes & Populist Party Votes: A Comparatve European Analysis
Authors: Rose Richard
Published: September 2019

The paper sets out three models of the influence of populist attitudes on voting 1.The sole reason for voting for populist parties. 2. A major influence competing with other influences. 3. No significant influence because widely diffused in the electorate. The lower the percentage holding an attitude, e.g. extreme right or left wing ideology, the fewer votes it can affect. . The more widespread, e.g. concern with immigration, the more widely diffused among all parties. It distinguishes populist parties from a larger universe of Outsider parties never responsible for government and seeking support on personal, ethnic and environmental grounds. The impact of populist parties on government depends not on their size but whether the seats they win in Parliament are critical for forming a government coalition and whether mainstream parties treat them as pariahs or partners.
Evaluation of Mobile Heat Treatment System for Treating In-Field HLB-Affected Trees by Analyzing Survival Rate of Surrogate Bacteria
Authors: Ghatrehsamani Shirin , Czarnecka Eva , Verner F. Lance , Gurley William B. , Ehsani Reza , Ampatzidis Yiannis
Published: September 2019

Huanglongbing (HLB or citrus greening) is a disease caused by an insect-transmitted bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). Thermotherapy has been successfully used by others to reduce the population of CLas bacteria in HLB-affected citrus trees under greenhouse studies. Thermotherapy is the application of heat as a strategy to reduce the adverse economic impact of certain pests and diseases. CLas is a fastidious, non-cultivable organism. The high variance in CLas titers in canopy samples together with this lack of cultivability makes it impossible to use classical bacteriological techniques to measure the viability either before or after treatments. Therefore, we used the survival rates of a surrogate bacterium, Klebsiella oxytoca, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile thermotherapy delivery system developed for in-field treatment of HLB-affected trees. K. oxytoca is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that was originally isolated from soil and has been used in the development of industrial applications related to ethanol fuel production. It served as a biologically-based sensor of temperature stress (biosensor) in this study. Thermocouples and biosensor packets (plastic cups with suspended small snap-top tubes) containing the K. oxytoca were attached to an HLB-affected citrus tree and their canopy locations mapped. The mobile thermotherapy treatment hood covered the canopy of the HLB-affected tree. Then, steam and hot water were injected through nozzles inside of the hood to increase the temperature of the tree canopy. A standard temperature–time combination of 54 °C for 90 s was chosen based on preliminary studies where heat treatment parameters caused a significant reduction in CLas populations without inflicting permanent damage to the tree. The survival ratio of the K. oxytoca in the biosensor packets was found to range from complete elimination to 5% with treatments of 250 s and a maximum temperature of 54 °C.
Maltol Improves APAP-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Response via NF-κB and PI3K/Akt Signal Pathways
Authors: Wang Zi , Hao Weinan , Hu Junnan , Mi Xiaojie , Han Ye , Ren Shen , Jiang Shuang , Wang Yingping , Li Xindian , Li Wei
Published: September 2019

Maltol, a food-flavoring agent and Maillard reaction product formed during the processing of red ginseng (Panax ginseng, C.A. Meyer), has been confirmed to exert a hepatoprotective effect in alcohol-induced oxidative damage in mice. However, its beneficial effects on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity and the related molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this article was to investigate the protective effect and elucidate the mechanisms of action of maltol on APAP-induced liver injury in vivo. Maltol was administered orally at 50 and 100 mg/kg daily for seven consecutive days, then a single intraperitoneal injection of APAP (250 mg/kg) was performed after the final maltol administration. Liver function, oxidative indices, inflammatory factors—including serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), liver glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), cytochrome P450 E1 (CYP2E1) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were measured. Results demonstrated that maltol possessed a protective effect on APAP-induced liver injury. Liver histological changes and Hoechst 33258 staining also provided strong evidence for the protective effect of maltol. Furthermore, a maltol supplement mitigated APAP-induced inflammatory responses by increasing phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), inhibitor kappa B kinase α/β (IKKα/β), and NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (IκBα) in NF-κB signal pathways. Immunoblotting results showed that maltol pretreatment downregulated the protein expression levels of the B-cell-lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family and caspase and altered the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, our findings clearly demonstrate that maltol exerts a significant liver protection effect, which may partly be ascribed to its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic action via regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Sand Removal Mechanism of a High-Speed Roller Bit with Helical Sealing
Authors: Zhou Yi , Tan Bin , Huang Yuxing
Published: September 2019

A roller bit is a drilling tool widely used in oil and gas exploitation. The roller bit is applied to cutting the rock stratum, and its working life and rotational speed are important factors affecting the drilling efficiency. Moreover, a bearing sealing affects the working life and rotational speed of a bit. This paper proposes a helical sealing structure that addresses the problems of severe sealing wear and a short working life. This structure has been used in many engineering fields but was first applied to the roller bit. This paper investigates the sand removal mechanism of helical sealing through simulation and experiment. Additionally, helical sealing parameters were optimized. The optimum structural parameters of helical sealing in a high-speed roller bit were obtained. It was shown that the helical sealing structure can be applied to a roller bit with good effects of sealing and sand removal.
Tomographic Diffractive Microscopy: A Review of Methods and Recent Developments
Authors: Zhang Ting , Li Kan , Godavarthi Charankumar , Ruan Yi
Published: September 2019

Tomographic diffractive microscopy (TDM) is a label-free, far-field, super-resolution microscope. The significant difference between TDM and wide-field microscopy is that in TDM the sample is illuminated from various directions with a coherent collimated beam and the complex diffracted field is collected from many scattered angles. By utilizing inversion procedures, the permittivity/refractive index of investigated samples can be retrieved from the measured diffracted field to reconstruct the geometrical parameters of a sample. TDM opens up new opportunities to study biological samples and nano-structures and devices, which require resolution beyond the Rayleigh limit. In this review, we describe the principles and recent advancements of TDM and also give the perspectives of this fantastic microscopy technique.
Integrative Neuromuscular Training in Young Athletes, Injury Prevention, and Performance Optimization: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sañudo Borja , Sánchez-Hernández Juan , Bernardo-Filho Mario , Abdi Ellie , Taiar Redha , Núñez Javier
Published: September 2019

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current evidence by assessing the effectiveness of integrative neuromuscular training programs in injury prevention and sports performance in young athletes. Different data sources were analyzed up to January 2018. Eligible studies contained information on population (young athletes), intervention (neuromuscular training), comparator (control group or another exercise intervention), outcomes (injury prevention or sport performance), and study design (randomized trials or prospective studies). The trials were restricted based on the language (English) and for publication date (after 1 January 2007). Fourteen randomized controlled trials were included: Seven included dynamic stability-related outcomes. Three assessed the coordination performing fundamental movements and sport-specific skills, while other five studies analyzed muscle strength and two assessed plyometric tests. Agility was evaluated in three studies and speed tests were also considered by four studies. Finally, fatigue resistance in three studies and injury risk in four were assessed. This review provides evidence that integrative neuromuscular training programs can enhance performance and injury prevention in young athletes, taken into account that adherence to the training program is adequate. Collectively, well-designed, randomized studies are necessary to collaborate with the present findings.
Impact of Wind on the Movement of the Load Carried by Rotary Crane
Authors: Cekus Dawid , Gnatowska Renata , Kwiatoń Paweł
Published: September 2019

This paper considers the coupled kinematic and dynamic models of a mobile crane. A full description of boom and load movement has been provided as a response of the system to the influence of kinematic forces. The linear system model was treated as rigid, and the carried load as a nondeformed static body. To describe the position of said load, Bryant angles were used. The dynamic model includes the impact of external forces (wind pressure) while load carrying and positioning. Algorithm and calculation software were developed to enable dynamic phenomena analysis during both a work cycle and free movement of said load. The initial problem was solved by means of the ode45 calculation procedure in the Matlab software based on the Runge–Kutta 4th Order Method. The work presents exemplary results of load movement simulation with respect to various wind velocities, selected on the basis of guidelines from Poland’s standards regarding safe operation of mechanical equipment.
Carbohydrate-Based Macromolecular Crowding-Induced Stabilization of Proteins: Towards Understanding the Significance of the Size of the Crowder
Authors: Shahid Sumra , Hasan Ikramul , Ahmad Faizan , Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz , Islam Asimul
Published: September 2019

There are a large number of biomolecules that are accountable for the extremely crowded intracellular environment, which is totally different from the dilute solutions, i.e., the idealized conditions. Such crowded environment due to the presence of macromolecules of different sizes, shapes, and composition governs the level of crowding inside a cell. Thus, we investigated the effect of different sizes and shapes of crowders (ficoll 70, dextran 70, and dextran 40), which are polysaccharide in nature, on the thermodynamic stability, structure, and functional activity of two model proteins using UV-Vis spectroscopy and circular dichroism techniques. We observed that (a) the extent of stabilization of α-lactalbumin and lysozyme increases with the increasing concentration of the crowding agents due to the excluded volume effect and the small-sized and rod-shaped crowder, i.e., dextran 40 resulted in greater stabilization of both proteins than dextran 70 and ficoll 70; (b) structure of both the proteins remains unperturbed; and (c) enzymatic activity of lysozyme decreases with the increasing concentration of the crowder.
Induction of Urokinase Activity by Retinoic Acid in Two Cell Lines of Neuronal Origin
Authors: Horvat Luka , Madunić Josip , Grubar Martina , Antica Mariastefania , Matulić Maja
Published: September 2019

Retinoic acid is one of the most well-known agents able to induce differentiation in several types of tumours. Unfortunately, most of the tumours are refractive to the differentiation cues. The aim of this investigation was to analyse the effects of prolonged treatment with retinoic acid on two cell lines of neural origin refractive to differentiation. Cells were also treated with retinoic acid in combination with a poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor because PARP1 is a known chromatin modulator and can influence the process of differentiation. The main methods comprised tumour cell line culturing and treatment; analysis of RNA and protein expression after cell treatment; as well as analysis of urokinase activity, migration, and proliferation. Both cell lines continued to proliferate under the prolonged treatment and showed increase in urokinase plasminogen activator activity. Analysis of gene expression and cell phenotype revealed different mechanisms, which only in neuroblastoma H4 cells could indicate the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The data collected indicate that the activity of the urokinase plasminogen activator, although belonging to an extracellular protease, does not necessary lead to epithelial-mesenchymal reprogramming and increase in cell migration but can have different outcomes depending on the intracellular milieu.
Purine-Metabolising Enzymes and Apoptosis in Cancer
Authors: Camici Marcella , Garcia-Gil Mercedes , Pesi Rossana , Allegrini Simone , Tozzi Maria Grazia
Published: September 2019

The enzymes of both de novo and salvage pathways for purine nucleotide synthesis are regulated to meet the demand of nucleic acid precursors during proliferation. Among them, the salvage pathway enzymes seem to play the key role in replenishing the purine pool in dividing and tumour cells that require a greater amount of nucleotides. An imbalance in the purine pools is fundamental not only for preventing cell proliferation, but also, in many cases, to promote apoptosis. It is known that tumour cells harbour several mutations that might lead to defective apoptosis-inducing pathways, and this is probably at the basis of the initial expansion of the population of neoplastic cells. Therefore, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that lead to apoptosis of tumoural cells is key to predicting the possible success of a drug treatment and planning more effective and focused therapies. In this review, we describe how the modulation of enzymes involved in purine metabolism in tumour cells may affect the apoptotic programme. The enzymes discussed are: ectosolic and cytosolic 5′-nucleotidases, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, adenosine deaminase, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, and inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase, as well as recently described enzymes particularly expressed in tumour cells, such as deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphatase.
Roles of mTOR Signaling in Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Wei Xiangyong , Luo Lingfei , Chen Jinzi
Published: September 2019

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is a serine/threonine protein kinase and belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-related kinase (PIKK) family. mTOR interacts with other subunits to form two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 coordinates cell growth and metabolism in response to environmental input, including growth factors, amino acid, energy and stress. mTORC2 mainly controls cell survival and migration through phosphorylating glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK), protein kinase B (Akt), and protein kinase C (PKC) kinase families. The dysregulation of mTOR is involved in human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and epilepsy. Tissue damage caused by trauma, diseases or aging disrupt the tissue functions. Tissue regeneration after injuries is of significance for recovering the tissue homeostasis and functions. Mammals have very limited regenerative capacity in multiple tissues and organs, such as the heart and central nervous system (CNS). Thereby, understanding the mechanisms underlying tissue regeneration is crucial for tissue repair and regenerative medicine. mTOR is activated in multiple tissue injuries. In this review, we summarize the roles of mTOR signaling in tissue regeneration such as neurons, muscles, the liver and the intestine.
Channel Capacity of Concurrent Probabilistic Programs
Authors: Salehi Khayyam , Karimpour Jaber , Izadkhah Habib , Isazadeh Ayaz
Published: September 2019

Programs are under continuous attack for disclosing secret information, and defending against these attacks is becoming increasingly vital. An attractive approach for protection is to measure the amount of secret information that might leak to attackers. A fundamental issue in computing information leakage is that given a program and attackers with various knowledge of the secret information, what is the maximum amount of leakage of the program? This is called channel capacity. In this paper, two notions of capacity are defined for concurrent probabilistic programs using information theory. These definitions consider intermediate leakage and the scheduler effect. These capacities are computed by a constrained nonlinear optimization problem. Therefore, an evolutionary algorithm is proposed to compute the capacities. Single preference voting and dining cryptographers protocols are analyzed as case studies to show how the proposed approach can automatically compute the capacities. The results demonstrate that there are attackers who can learn the whole secret of both the single preference protocol and dining cryptographers protocol. The proposed evolutionary algorithm is a general approach for computing any type of capacity in any kind of program.
Resilience of Urban Technical Networks
Authors: Raicu Serban , Rosca Eugen , Costescu Dorinela
Published: September 2019

The need to overcome the insulated treatment of urban technical infrastructures according to the nature of the transferred flows is argued. The operation of urban technical networks is affected by endogenous and exogenous random events with consequences for users. By identifying these operational risks and the difficulties of estimating the impact on the performance of the urban technical networks, the authors chose to study the risk management through a concise expression—in relation to the engineering resilience and its connections with vulnerability. Further, the research is confined to the case of urban traffic networks for which the resilience is expressed by the capabilities of these networks of resistance and risk absorption (both motivated by the redundancy in design and execution). The dynamics of the network, in correlation with the resistance and absorption capacities, is introduced by three states for which the signal graph is built. In a stationary regime, the probability of each state is computed. These probabilities allow the calculation of the entropy of the network, relevant for assessing the preservation of the network functionality.
Towards Quantum-Secured Permissioned Blockchain: Signature, Consensus, and Logic
Authors: Sun Xin , Sopek Mirek , Wang Quanlong , Kulicki Piotr
Published: September 2019

While Blockchain technology is universally considered as a significant technology for the near future, some of its pillars are under a threat of another thriving technology, Quantum Computing. In this paper, we propose important safeguard measures against this threat by developing a framework of a quantum-secured, permissioned blockchain called Logicontract (LC). LC adopts a digital signature scheme based on Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) mechanisms and a vote-based consensus algorithm to achieve consensus on the blockchain. The main contribution of this paper is in the development of: (1) unconditionally secure signature scheme for LC which makes it immune to the attack of quantum computers; (2) scalable consensus protocol used by LC; (3) logic-based scripting language for the creation of smart contracts on LC; (4) quantum-resistant lottery protocol which illustrates the power and usage of LC.
On the Security of a Latin-Bit Cube-Based Image Chaotic Encryption Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Zeqing , Yu Simin
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the security analysis of an image chaotic encryption algorithm based on Latin cubes and bit cubes is given. The proposed algorithm adopts a first-scrambling-diffusion- second-scrambling three-stage encryption scheme. First, a finite field is constructed using chaotic sequences. Then, the Latin cubes are generated from finite field operation and used for image chaotic encryption. In addition, according to the statistical characteristics of the diffusion image in the diffusion stage, the algorithm also uses different Latin cube combinations to scramble the diffusion image for the second time. However, the generation of Latin cubes in this algorithm is independent of plain image, while, in the diffusion stage, when any one bit in the plain image changes, the corresponding number of bits in the cipher image follows the change with obvious regularity. Thus, the equivalent secret keys can be obtained by chosen plaintext attack. Theoretical analysis and experimental results indicate that only a maximum of 2.5 × w × h 3 + 6 plain images are needed to crack the cipher image with w × h resolution. The size of equivalent keys deciphered by the method proposed in this paper are much smaller than other general methods of cryptanalysis for similar encryption schemes.