bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dogs and the classic route of Guinea Worm transmission: an evaluation of copepod ingestion
Authors: Garrett Kayla B. , Box Erin K. , Cleveland Christopher A. , Majewska Ania A. , Yabsley Michael J.
Published: January 2020

Dracunculus medinensis, the causative agent of Guinea worm disease in humans, is being reported with increasing frequency in dogs. However, the route(s) of transmission to dogs is still poorly understood. Classical transmission to humans occurs via drinking water that contains cyclopoid copepods infected with third stage larvae of D. medinensis, but due to the method of dog drinking (lapping) compared to humans (suction and/or retrieval of water into containers), it seems unlikely that dogs would ingest copepods readily through drinking. We exposed lab raised beagles to varying densities of uninfected copepods in 2 liters of water to evaluate the number of copepods ingested during a drinking event. We confirmed dogs can ingest copepod intermediate hosts while drinking; however, low numbers were ingested at the densities that are typically observed in Chad suggesting this transmission route may be unlikely. Overall, the relative importance of the classic transmission route and alternate transmission routes, such as paratenic and transport hosts, needs investigation in order to further clarify the epidemiology of guinea worm infections in dogs.
Preparation of single- and double-oligonucleotide antibody conjugates and their application for protein analytics
Authors: Wiener Julius , Kokotek Daniel , Rosowski Simon , Lickert Heiko , Meier Matthias
Published: January 2020

Oligonucleotide-conjugated antibodies have gained importance for their use in protein diagnostics. The possibility to transfer the readout signal from the protein to the DNA level with an oligonucleotide-conjugated antibody increased the sensitivity of protein assays by orders of magnitude and enabled new multiplexing strategies. A bottleneck in the generation of larger oligonucleotide-conjugated antibody panels is the low conjugation yield between antibodies and oligonucleotides, as well as the lack of product purification methods. In this study, we combined a non-site-directed antibody conjugation technique using copper-free click chemistry with ion-exchange chromatography to obtain purified single and double oligonucleotide-conjugated antibodies. We optimized the click conjugation reaction of antibodies with oligonucleotides by evaluating crosslinker, reaction temperature, duration, oligonucleotide length, and secondary structure. As a result, we were able to achieve conjugation yields of 30% at a starting quantity as low as tens of nanograms of antibody, which makes the approach applicable for a wide variety of protein analytical assays. In contrast to previous non-site-directed conjugation methods, we also optimized the conjugation reaction for antibody specificity, confirmed by testing with knockout cell lines. The advantages of using single or double oligonucleotide-conjugated antibodies in regards to signal noise reduction are shown within immunofluorescence, proximity ligation assays, and single cell CITE-seq experiments.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Brain Connectivity Changes for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Elsheikh Samar S. M. , Chimusa Emile R. , Mulder Nicola J. , Crimi Alessandro
Published: January 2020

Variations in the human genome have been found to be an essential factor that affects susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic loci that significantly contribute to the risk of Alzheimers. The availability of genetic data, coupled with brain imaging technologies have opened the door for further discoveries, by using data integration methodologies and new study designs. Although methods have been proposed for integrating image characteristics and genetic information for studying Alzheimers, the measurement of disease is often taken at a single time point, therefore, not allowing the disease progression to be taken into consideration. In longitudinal settings, we analyzed neuroimaging and single nucleotide polymorphism datasets obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative for three clinical stages of the disease, including healthy control, early mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease subjects. We conducted a GWAS regressing the absolute change of global connectivity metrics on the genetic variants, and used the GWAS summary statistics to compute the gene and pathway scores. We observed significant associations between the change in structural brain connectivity defined by tractography and genes, which have previously been reported to biologically manipulate the risk and progression of certain neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease.
Functional analysis of molecular and pharmacological modulators of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Ma Yibao , Wang Wei , Devarakonda Teja , Zhou Huiping , Wang Xiang-Yang , Salloum Fadi N. , Spiegel Sarah , Fang Xianjun
Published: January 2020

Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a key bioenergetic pathway often dysregulated in diseases. The current knowledge on FAO regulators in mammalian cells is limited and sometimes controversial. Previous FAO analyses involve nonphysiological culture conditions or lack adequate quantification. We herein described a convenient and quantitative assay to monitor dynamic FAO activities of mammalian cells in physiologically relevant settings. The method enabled us to assess various molecular and pharmacological modulators of the FAO pathway in established cell lines, primary cells and mice. Surprisingly, many previously proposed FAO inhibitors such as ranolazine and trimetazidine lacked FAO-interfering activity. In comparison, etomoxir at low micromolar concentrations was sufficient to saturate its target proteins and to block cellular FAO function. Oxfenicine, on the other hand, acted as a partial inhibitor of FAO. As another class of FAO inhibitors that transcriptionally repress FAO genes, antagonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly that of PPARα, significantly decreased cellular FAO activity. Our assay also had sufficient sensitivity to monitor upregulation of FAO in response to environmental glucose depletion and other energy-demanding cues. Altogether this study provided a reliable FAO assay and a clear picture of biological properties of potential FAO modulators in the mammalian system.
Chronotype assessment via a large scale socio-demographic survey favours yearlong Standard time over Daylight Saving Time in central Europe
Authors: Sládek Martin , Kudrnáčová Röschová Michaela , Adámková Věra , Hamplová Dana , Sumová Alena
Published: January 2020

Abandoning daylight saving time in Europe raises the topical issue of proper setting of yearlong social time, which needs mapping of various socio-demographic factors, including chronotype, in specific geographic regions. This study represents the first detailed large scale chronotyping in the Czech Republic based on data collected in the complex panel socio-demographic survey in households (total 8760 respondents) and the socio-physiological survey, in which chronotyped participants also provided blood samples (n = 1107). Chronotype assessment based on sleep phase (MCTQ questions and/or time-use diary) correlated with a self-assessed interval of best alertness. The mean chronotype of the Czech population defined as mid sleep phase (MSFsc) was 3.13 ± 0.02 h. Chronotype exhibited significant east-to-westward, north-to-southward, and settlement size-dependent gradients and was associated with age, sex, partnership, and time spent outdoors as previously demonstrated. Moreover, for subjects younger than 40 years, childcare was highly associated with earlier chronotype, while dog care was associated with later chronotype. Body mass index correlated with later chronotype in women whose extreme chronotype was also associated with lower plasma levels of protective HDL cholesterol. Based on the chronotype prevalence the results favour yearlong Standard Time as the best choice for this geographic region.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: A Complete Formula of Ocean Surface Absolute Geostrophic Current
Authors: Chu Peter C.
Published: January 2020

Absolute geostrophic current at the ocean surface (S) contains three components: (1) absolute geostrophic current at the geoid undulation (N), (2) geostrophic shear (betweenSandN) due to horizontal gradient of dynamic ocean topography, and (3) geostrophic shear (betweenSandN) due to horizontal gradient of density. However, only the second component is used to represent the surface absolute geostrophic current in physical oceanography and satellite geodesy. Four public datasets are used to calculate each component. Evident difference between the surface absolute geostrophic current and the second component (i.e., geostrophic shear due to horizontal gradient of dynamic ocean topography) was found by the statistical characteristics with the relative root mean square difference of 0.605. It shows that the common practice in physical oceanography and satellite geodesy is not correct. The horizontal gradient of dynamic ocean topography alone cannot be claimed as the surface absolute geostrophic current.
A Novel Loss-of-Function Variant in the Chloride Ion Channel Gene Clcn2 Associates with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hansen Thea Hyttel , Yan Yannan , Ahlberg Gustav , Vad Oliver Bundgaard , Refsgaard Lena , dos Santos Joana Larupa , Mutsaers Nancy , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup , Olesen Morten Salling , Bentzen Bo Hjorth , Schmitt Nicole
Published: January 2020

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Its pathogenesis is complex and poorly understood. Whole exome sequencing of Danish families with AF revealed a novel four nucleotide deletion c.1041_1044del in CLCN2 shared by affected individuals. We aimed to investigate the role of genetic variation of CLCN2 encoding the inwardly rectifying chloride channel ClC-2 as a risk factor for the development of familiar AF. The effect of the CLCN2 variant was evaluated by electrophysiological recordings on transiently transfected cells. We used quantitative PCR to assess CLCN2 mRNA expression levels in human atrial and ventricular tissue samples. The nucleotide deletion CLCN2 c.1041_1044del results in a frame-shift and premature stop codon. The truncated ClC-2 p.V347fs channel does not conduct current. Co-expression with wild-type ClC-2, imitating the heterozygote state of the patients, resulted in a 50% reduction in macroscopic current, suggesting an inability of truncated ClC-2 protein to form channel complexes with wild type channel subunits. Quantitative PCR experiments using human heart tissue from healthy donors demonstrated that CLCN2 is expressed across all four heart chambers. Our genetic and functional data points to a possible link between loss of ClC-2 function and an increased risk of developing AF.
Author Correction: Exhaled volatile substances in children suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus: results from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Trefz Phillip , Obermeier Juliane , Lehbrink Ruth , Schubert Jochen K. , Miekisch Wolfram , Fischer Dagmar-Christiane
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Characterization and printability of Sodium alginate -Gelatin hydrogel for bioprinting NSCLC co-culture
Authors: Mondal Arindam , Gebeyehu Aragaw , Miranda Mariza , Bahadur Divya , Patel Nilkumar , Ramakrishnan Subhramanian , Rishi Arun K. , Singh Mandip
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Efficient water-mediated synthesis of bismuth oxyiodide with several distinct morphologies
Authors: Long Yang , Tan Siyuan , Han Qiang , Ai Yongjian , Sheng Yuqiang , Wang Yi , Wang Haibo , Xie Youliang , Liang Qionglin , Ding Mingyu
Published: January 2020

Water mediates the crystal growth and self-assembly of BiOI nanostructures with several distinct morphologies for the preparation of functional photoactive materials.
Photoemission from non-polar aromatic molecules in the gas and liquid phase
Authors: Longetti L. , Randulová M. , Ojeda J. , Mewes L. , Miseikis L. , Grilj J. , Sanchez-Gonzalez A. , Witting T. , Siegel T. , Diveki Z. , van Mourik F. , Chapman R. , Cacho C. , Yap S. , Tisch J. W. G. , Springate E. , Marangos J. P. , Slavíček P. , Arrell C. A. , Chergui M.
Published: January 2020

Photoelectron spectra of both liquid and gas phase aromatic molecules are reported.
Modulation of the properties of dinuclear lanthanide complexes through utilizing different β-diketonate co-ligands: near-infrared luminescence and magnetization dynamics
Authors: Wang Yun-Juan , Wu Dong-Fang , Gou Jian , Duan Yao-Yao , Li Ling , Chen Huan-Huan , Gao Hong-Ling , Cui Jian-Zhong
Published: January 2020

Four Dy2 complexes based on the ligand H2L display various slow magnetic relaxation behaviors through utilizing different β-diketonate co-ligands.
1-D manganese(ii)-terpyridine coordination polymers as precatalysts for hydrofunctionalisation of carbonyl compounds
Authors: Zhang Guoqi , Zeng Haisu , Li Sihan , Johnson Jahvon , Mo Zixuan , Neary Michelle C. , Zheng Shengping
Published: January 2020

Efficient hydroboration and hydrosilylation of ketones and aldehydes has been achieved using a MnII-coordination polymer as precatalyst under mild conditions.
Templated synthesis of nickel nanoparticles embedded in a carbon layer within silica capsules
Authors: Song Dandan , Zheng Jing , Liu Libin , Alsulami Hamed , Amin Kutbi Marwan , Xu Jingli , Zhang Min
Published: January 2020

Herein, we have fabricated hollow structured Ni–Pd composites in which a high density of the Ni–Pd NPs are embedded in the carbon layer and also entrapped by SiO2 nanocages.
A capped trigonal prismatic cobalt(ii) complex as a structural archetype for single-ion magnets
Authors: Yi Gangji , Cui Huihui , Zhang Chunyang , Zhao Wen , Chen Lei , Zhang Yi-Quan , Chen Xue-Tai , Song You , Yuan Aihua
Published: January 2020

Mononuclear, seven-coordinate complex [CoII(BPA-TPA)](BF4)2 (BPA-TPA = pentapyidyldiamine) display field-induce slow magnetic relaxation, thereby presenting the first report of SIMs based on 3d metal ions with a capped trigonal prismatic geometry.
Naphthalimide-containing coordination polymer with mechanoresponsive luminescence and excellent metal ion sensing properties
Authors: Liu Jian-Jun , Xia Shu-Biao , Que Qi-Tao , Suo Hongbo , Liu Jiaming , Shen Xiang , Cheng Fei-Xiang
Published: January 2020

A new multifunctional luminescent Cd(ii) coordination polymer based on a 1,8-naphthalimide has been synthesized. It exhibits interesting mechanoresponsive luminescence properties and sensing ability for the detection of the toxic Cr3+ ion.
A facile method for the simultaneous recovery of rare-earth elements and transition metals from Nd–Fe–B magnets
Authors: Xu Xuan , Sturm Saso , Samardzija Zoran , Scancar Janez , Markovic Katarina , Zuzek Rozman Kristina
Published: January 2020

A closed loop of recovering rare-earth elements and transition metals from Nd–Fe–B magnets with the total re-use of the electrolyte using a facile electrolysis-selective precipitation procedure.
Covalent triazine frameworks – a sustainable perspective
Authors: Krishnaraj Chidharth , Jena Himanshu Sekhar , Leus Karen , Van Der Voort Pascal
Published: January 2020

Rise of porous covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) for sustainable applications.
A mini-panel PET scanner-based microfluidic radiobioassay system allowing high-throughput imaging of real-time cellular pharmacokinetics
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zhang Pengfei , Ji Hao , Long Yu , Jing Boping , Wan Lu , Xi Daoming , An Rui , Lan Xiaoli
Published: January 2020

Pharmacokinetics of parallel or comparison samples can be imaged simultaneously with a mini PET scanner-based microfluidic radiobioassay system.
Application of triazoles as bioisosteres and linkers in the development of microtubule targeting agents
Authors: Malik M. Shaheer , Ahmed Saleh A. , Althagafi Ismail I. , Ansari Mohammed Azam , Kamal Ahmed
Published: January 2020

Application of triazoles in the development of microtubule targeting agents.
A carbon dot-based tandem luminescent solar concentrator
Authors: Zdražil Lukáš , Kalytchuk Sergii , Holá Kateřina , Petr Martin , Zmeškal Oldřich , Kment Štěpán , Rogach Andrey L. , Zbořil Radek
Published: January 2020

We report a large area tandem LSC that is based exclusively on carbon dots and exhibits ηint of 23.6% and ηext of 2.3%.
RAFT dispersion polymerisation of lauryl methacrylate in ethanol–water binary mixtures: synthesis of diblock copolymer vesicles with deformable membranes
Authors: Gibson R. R. , Cornel E. J. , Musa O. M. , Fernyhough A. , Armes S. P.
Published: January 2020

Diblock copolymer vesicles with deformable membranes are prepared via RAFT dispersion polymerisation of lauryl methacrylate in an 80 : 20 w/w ethanol–water mixture; visible light irradiation allows facile RAFT chain-end removal from these nano-objects.
Solvent processable and recyclable covalent adaptable organogels based on dynamic trans-esterification chemistry: separation of toluene from azeotropic mixtures
Authors: Debnath Suman , Kaushal Swaraj , Mandal Subhankar , Ojha Umaprasana
Published: January 2020

New covalent adaptable networks (CANs) possessing processability and recyclability to monomers are desirable as an alternative to traditional plastics to address plastic waste-related issues.
Roles of gel polymer electrolytes for high-power activated carbon supercapacitors: ion reservoir and binder-like effects
Authors: Park Habin , Chung Jaewon , Yong Hansol , Jung Jongwon , Jung Cheolsoo
Published: January 2020

Roles of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), ion reservoir and binder-like effects, are suggested for enhanced rate capability and high durability of supercapacitors at 3.4 V, surpassing the conventional liquid SCs.
Investigation of structural, electronic and magnetic properties of breathing metal–organic framework MIL-47(Mn): a first principles approach
Authors: Hosseini Mohammadreza , Vanpoucke Danny E. P. , Giannozzi Paolo , Berahman Masoud , Hadipour Nasser
Published: January 2020

The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of the MIL-47(Mn) metal–organic framework are investigated using first principles calculations.
pH-responsive polymeric nanoparticles with tunable sizes for targeted drug delivery
Authors: Kong Mengle , Peng Xinwen , Cui Hao , Liu Peiwen , Pang Bo , Zhang Kai
Published: January 2020

Novel nanoparticles for efficient drug delivery were designed and constructed using polymeric 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). The drug DOX was encapsulated into nanoparticles and underwent thoroughly controlled release in acidic tumor microenvironments.
Benchmarking the acceleration of materials discovery by sequential learning
Authors: Rohr Brian , Stein Helge S. , Guevarra Dan , Wang Yu , Haber Joel A. , Aykol Muratahan , Suram Santosh K. , Gregoire John M.
Published: January 2020

Benchmarking metrics for materials discovery via sequential learning are presented, to assess the efficacy of existing algorithms and to be scientific in our assessment of accelerated science.
High-yield gram-scale organic synthesis using accelerated microdroplet/thin film reactions with solvent recycling
Authors: Nie Honggang , Wei Zhenwei , Qiu Lingqi , Chen Xingshuo , Holden Dylan T. , Cooks R. Graham
Published: January 2020

A closed system has been designed to perform microdroplet/thin film reactions with solvent recycling capabilities for gram-scale chemical synthesis.
Bright red aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles for multifunctional applications in cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Liping , Che Weilong , Yang Zhiyu , Liu Xingman , Liu Shi , Xie Zhigang , Zhu Dongxia , Su Zhongmin , Tang Ben Zhong , Bryce Martin R.
Published: January 2020

Developing multifunctional photosensitizers (PSs) is needed to effectively simplify cancer treatment, but it remains a big challenge.
Correction: Evolution of important glucosinolates in three common Brassica vegetables during their processing into vegetable powder and in vitro gastric digestion
Authors: Kuljarachanan Thitima , Fu Nan , Chiewchan Naphaporn , Devahastin Sakamon , Chen Xiao Dong
Published: January 2020

Correction for ‘Evolution of important glucosinolates in three common Brassica vegetables during their processing into vegetable powder and in vitro gastric digestion’ by Thitima Kuljarachanan et al., Food Funct., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00811j.
A highly active Pd/H-ZSM-5 catalyst in lean methane combustion prepared via a sol–gel method and treated by reduction–oxidation
Authors: Fan Chao , Yang Li , Luo Li , Wu Zhiwei , Qin Zhangfeng , Zhu Huaqing , Fan Weibin , Wang Jianguo
Published: January 2020

The reduction–oxidation treatment can reconstruct Pd nanoparticles, strengthen metal–support interactions and enhance catalytic performance of Pd/H-ZSM-5 in methane combustion.
A FRET-based ratiometric fluorescent probe to detect cysteine metabolism in mitochondria
Authors: Han Xiaojing , Zhai Zhiyao , Yang Xiaopeng , Zhang Di , Tang Jun , Zhu Jianming , Zhu Xiaofei , Ye Yong
Published: January 2020

A FRET fluorescent probe was reported for detecting the Cys metabolism in mitochondria.
Safranin O-functionalized cuboid mesoporous silica material for fluorescent sensing and adsorption of permanganate
Authors: Chatterjee Sobhan , Qin Jianchun , Li Xiangshuai , Liang Feng , Rai Dhirendra K. , Yang Ying-Wei
Published: January 2020

A new safranin O-based chelating fluorophore coupled, dual-functionalized organic–inorganic hybrid material has been prepared for simultaneous MnO4− detection and adsorption in aqueous media and living organisms such as limnodrilus claparedianus and zebrafish.
Heat stress modulates differential response in skin fibroblast cells of native cattle (Bos indicus) and riverine buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Shandilya Umesh K. , Sharma Ankita , Sodhi Monika , Mukesh Manishi
Published: January 2020

Heat stress in hot climates is a major cause that negatively affects dairy animals, leading to substantial economic loss. The present study was aimed to analyze the effect of heat stress on cellular and molecular levels in dermal fibroblast of cattle and buffaloes. Primary fibroblast culture was established using ear pinna tissue samples of cattle (Bos indicus) and riverine buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis). The cells were exposed to thermal stress at 42°C for 1 h and subsequently allowed to recover and harvest at 37°C at different time points (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h) along with control samples. Different cellular parameters viz., apoptosis, proliferation, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), oxidative stress, along with expression pattern of heat responsive genes and miRNAs were determined. Cell viability and proliferation rate of heat-stressed fibroblasts decreased significantly (P < 0.05) albeit to a different extent in both species. The cell cytotoxicity, apoptosis, production of reactive oxygen species, and ΔΨm increased more significantly (P < 0.01) in heat stressed fibroblasts of buffalo than cattle. The pattern of heat shock proteins, inflammation/immune genes, and heat responsive miRNA showed differences in induction of their expression level in buffalo and native cattle fibroblasts. Conclusively, finding indicates that heat stress induces more profound impact on buffalo fibroblasts than native cattle fibroblasts. The differential response of cellular parameters, HSP genes, and miRNA expression could be due to better adaptive capacity of skin fibroblast of Bos indicus cattle in comparison with riverine buffaloes.
The effects of the M2a macrophage-induced axonal regeneration of neurons by arginase 1
Authors: Zhang Jieyuan , Li Yue , Duan Zhaoxia , Kang Jianyi , Chen Kuijun , Li Guanhua , Weng Changmei , Zhang Dongdong , Zhang Lu , Wang Jianmin , Li Bingcang
Published: January 2020

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a challenge worldwide, but there are no effective treatments or therapeutic methods in the clinic. Recent studies have shown that type I arginase (Arginase1, Arg1) is closely associated with the treatment of SCI. The classical treatment for SCI involves filling the local area of SCI with activated M2a macrophages to allow the repair and regeneration of some synapses, but the specific mechanism of action of Arg1 is not clear.

Method: In the present study, we first induced the polarization of RAW264.7 macrophages to M2a-type cells using IL-4 and constructed an Arg1 knockout cell line through the use of shRNA; we used these cells to treat a rat model of SCI. Finally, the present study explored the mechanism and pathway by which Arginase 1 regulates spinal repair by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry.

Result: Suspended M2a (Arg1-/+) macrophages were transplanted into the injury site in a rat model of contusion SCI. Compared with the model group and the shArg1 group, the shScramble (shSc) group exhibited higher Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan motor function scores, more compact structures and more Nissl bodies. Immunohistochemical results showed that the shSc group expressed higher levels of NeuN (a neuronal marker) and tau (an axonal marker), as well as the up-regulation of Cdc42, N-WASP, Arp2/3 and tau, as determined by Western blot.

Conclusion: The study found that the polarization of M2a macrophages promoted the expression of Arginase 1, which restored axonal regeneration, promoted axonal regeneration, and promoted the structural and functional recovery of the contused spinal cord.
Pediatric Dysphagia: Survey Results Describing Speech-Language Pathologists' Education and Experience
Authors: Wilson Jennifer J. , Simmons Amanda K. , H. McCarthy Jillian
Published: January 2020

Purpose

Evaluation and treatment of pediatric dysphagia, swallowing difficulties occurring during childhood, is in the speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) scope of practice; however, little is known regarding the education SLPs receive during their graduate work and afterwards to effectively assess, treat, and manage this diagnosis.

Method

An 11-question survey was developed to examine the experience and opinions of SLPs related to the type and extent of pediatric dysphagia education and training they have and/or should have received during their graduate education. The survey was disseminated to SLPs across the United States via social media and e-mail Listservs.

Results

Survey results from 134 participants across the country, with varying clinical backgrounds, indicated a lack of pediatric dysphagia education during graduate school. SLPs reported overcoming these insufficiencies through gaining work experience and pursuing continuing education units on pediatric dysphagia. SLPs overwhelmingly (> 95% of respondents) recommended a full course or unit focusing on pediatric dysphagia for master's students in speech-language pathology. Survey results found a statistically significant increase in the likelihood of completion of a pediatric dysphagia unit or course for students graduating in the last 10 years; however, this positive trajectory shows a modest increase in the availability of coursework to prepare pediatric SLPs to evaluate and treat the growing pediatric dysphagia population.

Conclusions

Some positive changes in SLP education can be inferred from these results; however, there is still additional work to be done to equip pediatric SLPs to provide adequate care for a growing population with pediatric dysphagia.
Adults Who Stutter and Their Motivation for Attending Stuttering Support Groups: A Pilot Study
Authors: Medina Angela M. , Almeida Naiceli , Amarante Kayleen , Martinez Natalie , Prezzemolo Michele
Published: January 2020

Purpose

While the benefits of participating in stuttering support groups are well known, the factors that motivate adults who stutter (AWS) to continue attending these meetings are not documented. The purpose of this exploratory study is to investigate the narratives of AWS and identify their individual motivations for regularly attending stuttering support groups.

Method

Seven AWS, ages 23–54 years, who attended more than one stuttering support group meeting participated in a semistructured interview about their stuttering and their experiences participating in a stuttering support group. Thematic analysis procedures were followed to investigate descriptions of motivating factors in each participant's narrative.

Result

Four major themes emerged from the data including “Mutual Understanding and Common Ground,” “Support Group Format,” “Positive Changes,” and “Give and Take of the Support Group.” The support group served as a place to gain new perspectives by watching others who stutter more severely communicate while also creating a sense of not being “alone.” Opportunities to speak and/or stutter freely as well as the role chapter leaders take in facilitating conversation were motivating factors in terms of the support group format. Positive changes in emotional well-being and socialization were reported. Participants also stated that they attend support groups because the group provides them with an opportunity to help others and learn from others.

Conclusion

This exploratory study uncovered particular aspects of support groups, including group members and the structure of meetings, that motivate AWS to attend. Findings support the literature in that participants reported benefiting from participating in support groups.
Improved auto‐synchronisation of grid‐connected PV inverter based on the DC capacitor voltage control
Authors: Musengimana Antoine , Zheng Xuemei , Li Haoyu
Published: January 2020

Based on inherent dynamics similarity between synchronous generator (SG) and DC capacitor power port, this study proposes an improved synchronisation control method of grid‐connected PV inverter based on DC capacitor voltage control where a DC‐link capacitor voltage is regulated to provide the synchronisation angle. The proposed control method uses the estimated grid angle feedforward to improve the damping performance of the system under disturbances. To assess the robustness of the proposed control method, a two‐step procedure is followed. Firstly, a reduced‐order model of the system was derived. Secondly, the performance and stability of the proposed control method were fully investigated through the eigenvalue analysis. The offline simulations and real‐time simulations are carried in PLECS software and PLECS RT Box, respectively in order to validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method. It has been found that the proposed control method yields a large band controller parameter setting while maintaining system stability. The results showed that the proposed method improved the operating capability and enhanced the performance of the system under disturbances and weak grid operation.
Anticipatory AGC control strategy based on wind power variogram characteristic
Authors: Guo Yufeng , Wang Qi , Zhang Dongrui , Wan Jie , Yu Daren , Yu Jilai
Published: January 2020

Increasing penetration of wind power has a negative effect on system frequency deviation due to the fast variability and uncertainty characteristics of wind. In this study, a wind power variation prediction‐based automatic generation control (AGC) feedforward control method is applied within the conventional AGC framework to minimise system frequency and tie‐line deviations. Firstly, the variogram function is introduced for analysing the characteristics of wind power variations. A relationship between the variogram of wind power and the trend component of wind power is found and then a three‐parameter power‐law model is established. Then, the generation rate constrains of AGC generators is considered as the main constraint factor that influences wind power smoothing. By predicting the wind power variations in AGC control time‐scale, a coordination AGC feedforward control strategy is proposed. The control strategy makes different types of AGC generators act in advance to improve the ability of the power system, corresponding to the forecasted ramp variations in wind power generation. Finally, the performance of the proposed coordination control strategy is verified and tested using the actual data from China. Simulation results show that with this new strategy, frequency deviation under wind power variations can be effectively decreased.
Copper ferrite nanoparticles: an effective and recoverable nanomagnetic catalyst for the synthesis of N, N ′,N ″‐trisubstituted guanidines from the addition reaction of anilines to carbodiimide
Authors: Germaninezhad Fatemeh , Hosseinzadeh Rahman , Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Beitollahi Ali
Published: January 2020

In this study, copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles were successfully prepared and employed as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of guanidine derivatives through the addition of anilines to N, N ‐dicyclohexylcarcodiimide under solvent‐free conditions. This magnetically retrievable catalyst was well characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive X‐ray techniques. The catalyst can be readily recovered from the reaction mixture by the use of an external magnet and reused several times without remarkable loss of its catalytic activity.
Spiral arms and instability within the AFGL 4176 mm1 disc
Authors: Johnston Katharine G. , Hoare Melvin G. , Beuther Henrik , Kuiper Rolf , Kee Nathaniel Dylan , Linz Hendrik , Boley Paul , Maud Luke T. , Ahmadi Aida , Robitaille Thomas P.
Published: January 2020

We present high-resolution (30 mas or 130 au at 4.2 kpc) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations at 1.2 mm of the disc around the forming O-type star AFGL 4176 mm1. The disc (AFGL 4176 mm1-main) has a radius of ∼1000 au and contains significant structure, most notably a spiral arm on its redshifted side. We fitted the observed spiral with logarithmic and Archimedean spiral models. We find that both models can describe its structure, but the Archimedean spiral with a varying pitch angle fits its morphology marginally better. As well as signatures of rotation across the disc, we observe gas arcs in CH3CN that connect to other millimetre continuum sources in the field, supporting the picture of interactions within a small cluster around AFGL 4176 mm1-main. Using local thermodynamic equilibrium modelling of the CH3CN K-ladder, we determine the temperature and velocity field across the disc, and thus produce a map of the Toomre stability parameter. Our results indicate that the outer disc is gravitationally unstable and has already fragmented or is likely to fragment in the future, possibly producing further companions. These observations provide evidence that disc fragmentation is one possible pathway towards explaining the high fraction of multiple systems around high-mass stars.
Machines de vie, machines de mort : la famille à l’épreuve des soins machinisés
Authors: Jean-Dit-Pannel Romuald , Thomas François
Published: January 2020

Des machines médicales tiennent en vie des sujets en soins intensifs, en hémodialyse. Le soin somatique est à la fois médical, technique, machinique/machinisé et robotique/robotisé. Ces machines de vie et de mort sont vécues comme des corps étranges et étrangers, par le sujet lui-même, par son entourage, notamment familial.

Avec le cas d’une femme hémodialysée qui a perdu un fils en soins intensifs, nous illustrerons comment une famille tout entière peut se trouver dans l’engrenage de soins machinisés, machiniques, et le rester in(dé)finiment.
Radio observatories and instrumentation used in space weather science and operations
Authors: Carley Eoin P. , Baldovin Carla , Benthem Pieter , Bisi Mario M. , Fallows Richard A. , Gallagher Peter T. , Olberg Michael , Rothkaehl Hanna , Vermeulen Rene , Vilmer Nicole , Barnes David ,   the LOFAR4SW Consortium
Published: January 2020

The low frequency array (LOFAR) is a phased array interferometer currently consisting of 13 international stations across Europe and 38 stations surrounding a central hub in the Netherlands. The instrument operates in the frequency range of ~10–240 MHz and is used for a variety of astrophysical science cases. While it is not heliophysics or space weather dedicated, a new project entitled “LOFAR for Space Weather” (LOFAR4SW) aims at designing a system upgrade to allow the entire array to observe the Sun, heliosphere, Earth’s ionosphere, and Jupiter throughout its observing window. This will allow the instrument to operate as a space weather observing platform, facilitating both space weather science and operations. Part of this design study aims to survey the existing space weather infrastructure operating at radio frequencies and show how LOFAR4SW can advance the current state-of-the-art in this field. In this paper, we survey radio instrumentation and facilities that currently operate in space weather science and/or operations, including instruments involved in solar, heliospheric, and ionospheric studies. We furthermore include an overview of the major space weather service providers in operation today and the current state-of-the-art in the radio data they use and provide routinely. The aim is to compare LOFAR4SW to the existing radio research infrastructure in space weather and show how it may advance both space weather science and operations in the radio domain in the near future.
Robotic perineal radical prostatectomy in a patient with a pre-existing three piece inflatable penile prosthesis
Authors: Yenice Mustafa Gurkan , Yigitbasi Ismail , Sam Emre , Simsek Abdulmuttalip , Tugcu Volkan
Published: January 2020

Radical prostatectomy (RP) is the primary and standard treatment for localized prostate cancer. As in many surgical procedures, RP can now be accomplished through minimally invasive methods. RP in a patient with a pre-existing 3-piece inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) is an exceptional condition and involves coping with many difficulties. In this case report, we aimed to present a patient with pre-existing 3-piece IPP for whom we successfully performed robotic perineal RP (r-PRP).
Microwave-Accelerated N-Acylation of Sulfoximines with Aldehydes under Catalyst-Free Conditions
Authors: Rajbongshi Kamal K. , Ambala Srinivas , Govender Thavendran , Kruger Hendrik G. , Arvidsson Per I. , Naicker Tricia
Published: January 2020

An efficient catalyst-free radical cross-coupling reaction between aromatic aldehydes and sulfoximines was developed. The reaction took place in the presence of N-bromosuccinimide as the radical initiator under microwave irradiation to afford the corresponding acylated sulfoximines in moderate to excellent yields (27 examples). This protocol proved to be rapid, easy to handle, and applicable to a broad scope of substrates.
Role of CTA in Women with Abdominal Scars Undergoing DIEP Breast Reconstruction: Review of 1,187 Flaps
Authors: Daly Lauren T. , Doval Andres F. , Lin Samuel J. , Tobias Adam , Lee Bernard T. , Dowlatshahi A. Samandar
Published: January 2020

Background This study examines the effect of prior abdominal surgery on flap, donor-site, and overall complications in women undergoing deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction and assesses whether preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) affects outcomes.

Methods All DIEP flaps performed at our institution between 2004 and 2015 were identified retrospectively. Patients were stratified based on a history of prior abdominal surgery and whether or not they underwent a preoperative CTA. A subgroup analysis was performed to compare operative times and incidence of complications using adjusted odds ratios (ORs).

Results Over a 12-year period, 425 patients (640 flaps) had prior abdominal surgery, and 393 patients (547 flaps) had no prior abdominal surgery. Of the patients with previous abdominal surgery, 67 (15.7%) underwent preoperative CTA and 333 (78.4%) did not. Patients with prior abdominal surgery were more likely to have donor-site wound complications (OR: 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–2.87, p = 0.01), fat necrosis ≥2cm of the transferred flap (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.0–1.94, p = 0.05), and were more likely to have bilateral DIEP flap reconstruction (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.22–2.12, p < 0.001). Preoperative CTA did not reduce the risk of complications and did not affect operative times.

Conclusion DIEP flap reconstruction can be safely performed in women with prior abdominal surgery. However, these patients should be counseled that they are at an increased risk for donor-site wound breakdown and fat necrosis of the reconstructed breast. Preoperative CTA does not reduce complication rate, overall operative time, or time needed to dissect perforators in women with abdominal scars.
Quantification in Musculoskeletal Imaging Using Computational Analysis and Machine Learning: Segmentation and Radiomics
Authors: Bach Cuadra Meritxell , Favre Julien , Omoumi Patrick
Published: January 2020

Although still limited in clinical practice, quantitative analysis is expected to increase the value of musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging. Segmentation aims at isolating the tissues and/or regions of interest in the image and is crucial to the extraction of quantitative features such as size, signal intensity, or image texture. These features may serve to support the diagnosis and monitoring of disease. Radiomics refers to the process of extracting large amounts of features from radiologic images and combining them with clinical, biological, genetic, or any other type of complementary data to build diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive models. The advent of machine learning offers promising prospects for automatic segmentation and integration of large amounts of data. We present commonly used segmentation methods and describe the radiomics pipeline, highlighting the challenges to overcome for adoption in clinical practice. We provide some examples of applications from the MSK literature.
Acute Renal Infection in Adult, Part 2: Emphysematous Urinary Tract Infection—What the Radiologist Needs to Know
Authors: Hazarika Suman , Venkataramanan Rochita , Das Tonmoy , Venkataramanan Akash , Deuri Sukanya , Lohchab Shalini , Rongpipi Tamsir , Agarwala Ashish
Published: January 2020

Renal emphysema, as described by Kelly and MacCallum in 1898, refers to the spontaneous generation of gas within the renal parenchyma and surrounding tissues. Since its initial description, it has become apparent that the spectrum of radiologically visible renal and perirenal gas includes three distinct clinical entities: (1) emphysematous pyelonephritis, a necrotizing infection associated with gas formation in the renal parenchyma, (2) emphysematous pyelitis, in which gas is confined to the renal pelvis and calyces, and (3) gas-forming perinephric abscess. In this article, we will review gas-forming infections of the urinary system in terms of radiological features, clinical manifestations, predisposing factors, and appropriate management guidelines.
Elective Lung Resections in the Elderly: Where Do We Draw the Line?
Authors: Smelt Jeremy , Lovejoy Christopher A. , Thakker Rudrik , Hunt Ian , Martin Fionna , Tan Carol
Published: January 2020

Introduction The increasing longevity of the Western population means patients with a more advanced age are being diagnosed with resectable disease. With improvements in imaging and diagnostic capabilities, this trend is likely to develop further. As a unit operating on a higher proportion of older patients and with limited literature regarding the population of older than 85 years, we retrospectively compared the outcomes of patients older than 85 years in our unit treated with elective lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with those between the age of 80 and 84 years inclusive.

Methods All patients who underwent elective lung cancer resection between the years 2012 and 2015 were identified from the National Thoracic Surgical Database.

Results A total of 701 elective lung resections were performed during this time frame; 76 patients between the ages of 80 and 84 years and 18 patients older than 85 years. The follow-up period was 3 to 7 years. There was a significant increase in the Thoracic Surgery Scoring System (2.04; 2.96%, p = 0.0015) and a significant reduction in the transfer factor (94.7; 69.5%, p = 0.0001) between the younger and older groups. There were three (3.9%) in-hospital deaths in the 80 to 84 years age group and no in-hospital deaths in the 85 years and older age group.

Conclusion This study demonstrates that surgery for early NSCLC can be safely performed in 85 years and older population. This is a higher risk population and parenchymal-sparing procedures should be considered.
The relation between the collective motility and shapes of human cancer cells under heat stress
Authors: Chen Shaoyong , Liu Mingyue , Huang Huiming , Zhang Zhenyu , Li Bo , Feng Xi-Qiao , Zhao Hong-Ping
Published: January 2020

Epithelial tumor cells may display different collective invasion behaviors, forming an unjammed flow like a fluid or a jammed deformation like a solid depending on such factors as cell–cell adhesion, cell–substrate adhesion, or the density and shapes of the cells. We investigate the relation between the collective motility and the shapes of human cancer cells under heat stress. The collective dynamics of MGC-803 cells in a confluent monolayer subjected to heat stress at 48 °C for 10 min were observed and analyzed using the long-term live imaging technique. We found that the normal cell motions slow down with increasing cell density and cell–cell adhesion, accompanied by a decrease in the average aspect ratio of the cell shapes and substrate-to-cell traction. Heat stress can speed up cellular motions while almost maintaining the same cell density and cell–cell adhesion and also increases the cell shape index and the traction force exerted by the cells on the substrate. An approximately linear relation is revealed between the collective migration velocity and the shape index of the heated cells. This work helps explain the collective motility of cancer cells and provides inspiration for regulating cell motion with factors such as temperature.
In situ measurements of the structure and strain of a π-conjugated semiconducting polymer under mechanical load
Authors: Aliouat Mouaad Yassine , Escoubas Stéphanie , Benoudia Mohamed Chérif , Ksenzov Dmitriy , Duché David , Bènevent Evangéline , Videlot-Ackermann Christine , Ackermann Jörg , Thomas Olivier , Grigorian Souren
Published: January 2020

In this work, in situ studies of organic thin films under stretching are developed. A high efficiency PffBT4T-2OD π-conjugated polymer (PCE11) was coated directly on a stretchable substrate in order to examine the impact of tensile strain on the structural properties. For that purpose, in situ grazing incidence x-ray diffraction coupled with optical microscopic observations have been carried out to measure the structural parameters of PCE11 and to probe the mechanical behavior of polymer chains under uniaxial tensile load. It is observed that in the range between 0% and 15%–20% of stretching, the polymer chains become more oriented. Meanwhile, an increase in negative values of deformation, i.e., compression of the polymer chains along the film normal was measured. Beyond this range of stretching, the polymer order declined and the stress was relaxed. This relaxation is explained by the increased number of cracks spreading over the entire film as observed using optical microscopy.