bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Error analysis of the language transfer in Grammar construction of the brain
Authors: Khair Andi Ummul
Published: February 2019

This study attempts to analyze the reason of students in making fossilized errors on the sentence uttered in their effort of language transfer and related it with the grammar construction in the brain. Fifty-six students participated in this study. The technique used to collect the data is an analysis of transcription on conversation video. This study found out that the students make those due to their active trial in making sense of the limited knowledge of the language they are exposed to in the brain in order to express some phrases systematically. Thus, learners need to rich out the input of target language from the native language resources which can be gained from many kinds of authentic material; those are music, movie, games, advertisement, and information of the stuff. This study is expected to be a reference for the future research to find the best way in stimulating learners in acquiring grammar of L2 sentence considering that they need maturity in the regular changing sequence of acquisition of morpho-syntactical structures, impervious to teaching.
I-WEIGHTED LACUNARY STATISTICAL tau-CONVERGENCE IN LOCALLY SOLID RIESZ SPACES
Authors: KONCA Şükran , GENÇ Ergin
Published: February 2019

An ideal $I$ is a family of positive integers $\mathbb{N}$ which is closed under taking finite unions and subsets of its elements. In this  paper, we introduce the notions of ideal versions of weighted lacunary statistical $\tau$-convergence, statistical $\tau$-Cauchy, weighted lacunary $\tau$-boundedness of sequences in locally solid Riesz spaces endowed with the topology $\tau$. We also prove some topological results related to these concepts in locally solid Riesz space.
MODELLING UNCERTAINTIES IN ASSESSING RISKS TO STRUCTURES CAUSED BY ACCIDENTAL EXPLOSIONS/NEAPIBRĖŽTUMŲ MODELIAVIMAS VERTINANT AVARINIŲ SPROGIMŲ RIZIKĄ PASTATAMS
Authors: Vaidogas Egidijus Rytas
Published: February 2019

Siūloma procedūra avarinių sprogimų mechaninių poveikių neapibrėžtumams kiekybiškai įvertinti. Nagrinėjamas pavojingasis reiškinys yra dėl avarinių dujų nuotėkių susidarančių degių ir sprogių debesų detonacija ir jos sukeliama sprogimo banga. Sprogimų poveikių intensyvumai yra apibūdinami tikimybinei rizikos analizei įprastomis pavojaus funkcijomis (angl. hazard functions). Galutinis siūlomosios procedūros taikymo rezultatas yra pavojaus funkcijų parinkimas statistinių imčių, sukurtų stochastinio modeliavimo būdu, pagrindu. Taikomas Monte Karlo metodas, o modeliuojami nepalankieji reiškiniai, kurių eskalacija baigiasi dujų ir oro misinio debesies detonacija. Siūlomos procedūros taikymo rezultatai leidžia įvertinti dinamines apkrovas, galinčias veikti tiriamą (vertinamą konstrukcinę sistemą įvykus aptariamo tipo sprogimui.

Teoriu požiūriu siūloma procedūra remiasi tikimybinės rizikos analizės metodologija, kuri vadinama klasikiniu Bėjeso požiūriu (angl. classical Bayesian approach). Teigiama, kad sprendžiant nagrinėjamą problemą yra sunku išsiversti be Bėjeso požiūrio, nes pavojaus funkcijas tenka parinkti labai ribotos statistinės informacijos sąlygomis. Taikant procedūrą operuojama stochastiniais (angl. aleatory) ir pažintiniais (angl. epistemic) neapibrėžtumais. Skaiciuojant pagal procedūros algoritmą neapibrėžtumai, susiję su sprogimų pavojaus funkcijomis, yra išreiškiami per ,žemesnio" lygio neapibrėžtumus, apibūdinančius tuos reikškinius, kurių eskalacija gali baigtis sprogimu. Pastebėta, kad šiems neapibrėžtumams kokybiškai išreiksti turima daug daugiau statistinės informacijos, nei neapibrėžtumams, tiesiogiai susijusiems su mechaniniais sprogimo bangos poveikiais konkreciai konstrukcinei sistemai.

Numatoma praktinio procedūros taikymo sritis yra pavojingųjų dujų ūkio objektų rizikos analizė. Procedūra leidžia įvertinti tų objektų pavojingumą vertinamai (projektuojamai) konstrukcinei sistemai.
CALCULATION OF DEFLECTIONS OF HOLLOW CONCRETE-FILLED STEEL TUBULAR MEMBERS OF THREE-HINGE SUSPENSION STRUCTURE/KABAMOSIOS TRILANKSTĖS BETONŠERDŽZIŲ TUŠČIAVIDURIŲ VAMZDINIŲ PLIENO STRYPŲ KONSTRUKCIJOS ĮLINKIŲ SKAIČIAVIMAS
Authors: Šaraškinas Viačeslavas , Kvedaras Audronis Kazimieras
Published: February 2019

Recently, in scientific literature, information on a new type of suspended straight-line 3-hinged roof structures has considerably increased. It was stressed that straight-line elements are easily manufactured and erected, roof decking service conditions are good. In the world building practice during last 30 years very effective composite structures have been introduced, even hollow concrete-filled steel tubular members. But no information on the application of such members for suspended roofs was obtained. In some sources very simple straight-line suspended roofs structures were analysed, and for those shapes an effective centrifuged hollow concrete-filled steel tubular members may be successfully applied. These members do not require additional roof stabilisation. These composite ropes may be attributed to the elements of final flexural stiffness, and they are effective and simple to decrease deflections of the suspended roof. However, for these composite ropes the methods of their deflection calculations must be developed because it is necessary to estimate their composite cross-section and interaction between components. This paper deals with analysis of these ropes' behaviour and their deflection calculation, which was made by exact I. Kalminzer's and other simplified methods. The vertical deflections in the middle of elements of the straight-line three-hinge composite suspended structure may be calculated as consisting of two parts depending on their bending and tension. The part of vertical deflection at mid-span of a composite member connected with its bending may be calculated as for hollow concrete-filled steel tubular beam taking into account the sum of flexural bending stiffness of its cross-sectional components (EJ) c . The I.Kalminzer's or other simplified methods taking into account the sum of flexural bending stiffness of cross-sectional components may calculate the vertical deflection called by tension of element as the member of final flexural stiffness (EJ) c . Comparison of experimental and theoretical data shows a good satisfaction when deflection calculation for the straight-line composite rope is made by dividing it into two parts depending on bending and tension. Investigation made into the deformation properties and methods of deflection definition of straight-line circular hollow concrete-filled steel tubular members allows declaring the possibility of useful application of such members as the ones of final flexural stiffness in suspended roof structures.
THE HIERARCHY OF DECISION-MAKING CRITERIA IN CONCRETING AT LOW TEMPERATURES/SPRENDIMŲ PRIĖMIMO KRITERIJŲ HIERARCHIJA ATLIEKANT BETONAVIMO DARBUS ŽEMOSE TEMPERATŪROSE
Authors: Paslawski Jerzy
Published: February 2019

Betonuojant žemose temperatūrose būtina naudoti specialias priemones. Svarbu yra parinkti medžiagas ir technologijas.

Nagrinėjami sprendimai, susiję su betonavimo darbais zemose temperatūrose. Reikia įvertinti ne tik betono pasipriešinimą užšalimui, bet ir daugybę kitų veiksnių. Statyboje svarbiausia yra ilgaamžiškumas. Lenkijos standartuose reikalaujama atlikti betono svorio nuostolių ir betono atsparumo gniuždymui sumažėjimo testus. Straipsnyje pateikti testų, atliekamų su betono bandiniais, pagamintais su modifikatoriais ir be jų, pavyzdžiai.

Racionaliai betono sudėčiai ir betonavimo technologijai nustatyti gali būti taikoma sintezės analizė, linijinis programavimas, lošimo teorija. Efektyvesnė yra hierarchinių sprendimųanalizė. Aprašyti pagrindiniai sintezės analizės realizavimo etapai.
ROAD PAVEMENT LONGITUDINAL EVENNESS QUANTIFICATION AS STATIONARY STOCHASTIC PROCESS
Authors: Leitner Bohuš , Decký Martin , Kováč Matúš
Published: February 2019

One of the requirements concerning pavement quality is the evenness of its surface. Pavement unevenness has a random character and has an adverse influence to rolling resistance, tyre–pavement coherence, safety and the driving comfort. Knowledge of “longitudinal unevenness” has been long recognized as an important criteria of road performance, not only for safety by causing vehicle vibrations and affecting ride comfort but also as a major factor in pavement deterioration and working conditions of vehicles. The paper presents two original devices for the measurement of pavement longitudinal unevenness designed as a reaction to results and experiences gathered from a few years’ research activities, measurements and evaluations of road pavement evenness carried out in the authors' work place (University of Žilina – UNIZA). The first equipment has been designed as a single-wheel trailing vehicle and has been constructed on the Double-mass Measuring Set (DMS) principle and it is referred to as UNIZA single-wheel vehicle JP VSDS. The main reason for designing the device were authors’ findings that the reference quarter car model (used for calculation of International Roughness Index – IRI) can provide evaluation, which can be in contradiction with ride safety. This fact is determined by overvaluation of the short wavelengths and undervaluation the longer wavelengths by reference model. The second one is a profiler with very high resolution of surface scanning using mathematical models for unevenness evaluation. The device is referred to as Dynamic Road Scanner (DRS). The reason for designing of this equipment was in the first place insufficient repeatability of transversal unevenness measurements of device used by Slovak Road Administration, but for the purpose of correctness and measurements accuracy verifying were also results of longitudinal unevenness measurements compared. The paper presents results of evaluation by international established dynamic quantifiers of longitudinal unevenness based on measurements performed by these devices on three selected road sections in Slovakia. In the next part of the paper are compared IRI values obtained by mathematical calculations using reference quarter car model “driving” on road section profile measured by geodetic survey with IRI values obtained by conversion of the unevenness degree C (measured by UNIZA single-wheel vehicle JP VSDS) and IRI values measured by profilometer DRS.
EFFECTS OF PAVEMENT SURFACE DEFORMATIONS ON TRAFFIC FLOW
Authors: Mutlu Aydin Metin , Topal Ali
Published: February 2019

Pavement surface deformations have a significant effect on speed profile of vehicles and traffic flow conditions. These deformations limit driving properties and increase vehicle operation and maintenance costs. Additionally, they cause many problems such as accidents, slower movement speeds, capacity loss and severe discomfort states. There are many factors having an effect on road capacities and they vary according to different road and traffic flow conditions. In this study, it is aimed to investigate and develop models to estimate shockwave and bottleneck forming, capacity loss and speed reduction, which occurred on examined road links caused by pavement deformations. For the prediction of road capacity, flow–density (q–k) relationship, bottleneck and shockwave analysis methods were used. In the scope this study, deformed road links were divided into three sections; Section A – before deformation zone, Section B – deformation zone, and Section C – after deformation zone. All three sections were investigated and empirical results were obtained. According to analysis results, it was found that pavement surface deformations have a negative effect on the level of road service capability. Obtained results also showed that there are significant reductions in capacity relatively by up to 44 and 26% would result from surface deformations on deformed lanes and non-deformed adjacent lanes.
A Near-coplanar Stellar Flyby of the Planet Host Star HD 106906
Authors: De Rosa Robert J. , Kalas Paul
Published: February 2019

We present an investigation into the kinematics of HD 106906 using the newly released Gaia DR2 catalog to search for close encounters with other members of the Scorpius–Centaurus (Sco–Cen) association. HD 106906 is an eccentric spectroscopic binary that hosts both a large asymmetric debris disk extending out to at least 500 au and a directly imaged planetary-mass companion at a projected separation of 738 au. The cause of the asymmetry in the debris disk and the unusually wide separation of the planet is not currently known. Using a combination of Gaia DR2 astrometry and ground-based radial velocities, we explore the hypothesis that a close encounter with another cluster member within the last 15 Myr is responsible for the present configuration of the system. Out of 461 stars analyzed, we identified two candidate perturbers that had a median closest approach distance within 1 pc of HD 106906: HIP 59716 at

pc (

Myr) and HIP 59721 at

pc (

Myr), with the two stars likely forming a wide physical binary. The trajectories of both stars relative to HD 106906 are almost coplanar with the inner disk (Δθ = 5.°4 ± 1.7 and

). These two stars are the best candidates of the currently known members of Sco–Cen for having a dynamically important close encounter with HD 106906, which may have stabilized the orbit of HD 106906 b in the scenario where the planet formed in the inner system and attained high eccentricity by interaction with the central binary.
Cloud Atlas: High-contrast Time-resolved Observations of Planetary-mass Companions
Authors: Zhou Yifan , Apai Dániel , Lew Ben W. P. , Schneider Glenn , Manjavacas Elena , Bedin Luigi R. , Cowan Nicolas B. , Marley Mark S. , Radigan Jacqueline , Karalidi Theodora , Lowrance Patrick J. , Miles-Páez Paulo A. , Metchev Stanimir , Burgasser Adam J.
Published: February 2019

Directly imaged planetary-mass companions offer unique opportunities in atmospheric studies of exoplanets. They share characteristics of both brown dwarfs and transiting exoplanets, and therefore are critical for connecting atmospheric characterizations for these objects. Rotational phase mapping is a powerful technique to constrain the condensate cloud properties in ultra-cool atmospheres. Applying this technique to directly imaged planetary-mass companions will be extremely valuable for constraining cloud models in low mass and surface-gravity atmospheres and for determining the rotation rate and angular momentum of substellar companions. Here, we present Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 near-infrared time-resolved photometry for three planetary-mass companions, AB Pic B, 2M0122B, and 2M1207b. Using two-roll differential imaging and hybrid point-spread function modeling, we achieve sub-percent photometric precision for all three observations. We find tentative modulations (<2σ) for AB Pic B and 2M0122B, but cannot reach conclusive results on 2M1207b due to strong systematics. The relatively low significance of the modulation measurements cannot rule out the hypothesis that these planetary-mass companions have the same vertical cloud structures as brown dwarfs. Our rotation rate measurements, combined with archival period measurements of planetary-mass companions and brown dwarfs, do not support a universal mass-rotation relation. The high precision of our observations and the high occurrence rates of variable low-surface-gravity objects encourage high-contrast time-resolved observations with the James Webb Space Telescope.
The Core Mass Function in the Infrared Dark Cloud G28.37+0.07
Authors: Kong Shuo
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we analyze the 1.3 mm continuum ALMA data that cover the majority of the infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G28.37+0.07. With a spatial resolution of 0.″5 (2500 au at 5 kpc), the continuum image reveals five groups of dense cores. Each core group has a projected physical scale of about 1 pc, with core masses spanning a dynamic range of about 100. We use the dendrogram method (astrodendro) and a newly developed graph method (astrograph) to identify individual cores. The core masses are estimated through the millimeter continuum flux, assuming constant temperature and using an NH3-based gas temperature. We construct core mass functions (CMFs) based on the two methods and fit a power-law relation dN/d log M ∝ M
−α
to the CMFs for M > 0.79 M
⊙. In the constant-temperature scenario, astrograph gives α = 0.80 ± 0.10, while astrodendro gives α = 0.71 ± 0.11, both significantly shallower than the Salpeter-type initial mass function with α = 1.35. In the scenario where the NH3 gas temperature is applied to cores, astrograph gives α = 1.37 ± 0.06, while astrodendro gives α = 0.87 ± 0.07. Regional CMF slope variation is seen between the core groups. We also compare CMFs in three different environments, including IRDC G28.37+0.07, IRDC clumps, and G286.21+0.17, using the identical dendrogram method. Results show that IRDCs have smaller α than the cluster-forming cloud G286.21+0.17.
Relativistic Components of the Ultra-fast Outflow in the Quasar PDS 456 from Chandra/HETGS, NuSTAR, and XMM-Newton Observations
Authors: Boissay-Malaquin Rozenn , Danehkar Ashkbiz , Marshall Herman L. , Nowak Michael A.
Published: February 2019

We present the spectral analysis of Chandra/High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS) and NuSTAR observations of the quasar PDS 456 from 2015, and XMM-Newton and NuSTAR archival data from 2013 to 2014, together with Chandra/HETGS data from 2003. We analyzed these three different epochs in a consistent way, looking for absorption features corresponding to highly ionized blueshifted absorption lines from H-like and He-like ions of iron (and nickel), as well as of other elements (O, Ne, Si, and S) in the soft band. We confirm the presence of a persistent ultra-fast outflow (UFO) with a velocity of v
out = −0.24 to −0.29 c, that has previously been detected. We also report the detection of an additional faster component of the UFO with a relativistic velocity of v
out = −0.48 c. We implemented photoionization modeling, using XSTAR analytic model warmabs, to characterize the physical properties of the different kinematic components of the UFO and of the partially covering absorber detected in PDS 456. These two relativistic components of the UFO observed in the three epochs analyzed in this paper are powerful enough to impact the host galaxy of PDS 456 through feedback from active galactic nuclei.
Detection of Nonthermal Hard X-Ray Emission from the “Fermi Bubble” in an External Galaxy
Authors: Li Jiang-Tao , Hodges-Kluck Edmund , Stein Yelena , Bregman Joel N. , Irwin Judith A. , Dettmar Ralf-Jürgen
Published: February 2019

We report new Chandra hard X-ray (>2 keV) and Jansky Very Large Array C-band observations of the nuclear superbubble of NGC 3079, an analog of the “Fermi bubble” in our Milky Way. We detect extended hard X-ray emission on the southwest (SW) side of the galactic nucleus with coherent multiwavelength features in radio, Hα, and soft X-ray. The hard X-ray feature has a cone shape with possibly a weak cap, forming a bubble-like structure with a diameter of ∼1.1 kpc. A similar extended feature, however, is not detected on the northeast (NE) side, which is brighter in all other wavelengths such as radio, Hα, and soft X-ray. Scattered photons from the nuclear region or other nearby point-like X-ray bright sources, inverse Compton emission from cosmic-ray (CR) electrons via interaction with the cosmic microwave background, or any individually faint stellar X-ray source populations, cannot explain the extended hard X-ray emission on the SW side and the strongly NE/SW asymmetry. A synchrotron emission model, plus a thermal component accounting for the excess at ∼1 keV, can well characterize the broadband radio/hard X-ray spectra. The broadband synchrotron spectra do not show any significant cutoff, and even possibly slightly flatten at higher energy. This rules out a loss-limited scenario in the acceleration of the CR electrons in or around this superbubble. As the first detection of kiloparsec-scale extended hard X-ray emission associated with a galactic nuclear superbubble, the spatial and spectral properties of the multiwavelength emissions indicate that the CR leptons responsible for the broadband synchrotron emission from the SW bubble must be accelerated in situ, instead of transported from the nuclear region of the galaxy.
LOFAR Observations of 4C+19.44: On the Discovery of Low-frequency Spectral Curvature in Relativistic Jet Knots
Authors: Harris D. E. , Moldón J. , Oonk J. R. R. , Massaro F. , Paggi A. , Deller A. , Godfrey L. , Morganti R. , Jorstad S. G.
Published: February 2019

We present the first LOFAR observations of the radio jet in the quasar 4C+19.44 (a.k.a. PKS 1354+19) obtained with long baselines. The achieved resolution is very well matched to that of archival Jansky Very Large Array observations at higher radio frequencies as well as the archival X-ray images obtained with Chandra. We found that, for several knots along the jet, the radio flux densities measured at hundreds of MHz lie well below the values estimated by extrapolating the GHz spectra. This clearly indicates the presence of spectral curvature. Radio spectral curvature has already been observed in different source classes and/or extended radio structures, and it has been often interpreted as due to intrinsic processes, as a curved particle energy distribution, rather than absorption mechanisms (Razin–Tsytovich effect, free–free or synchrotron self absorption to name a few). Here, we discuss our results according to the scenario where particles undergo stochastic acceleration mechanisms also in quasar jet knots.
A Method for Weak Pulsar Signal Detection Combining the Bispectrum and a Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Wang Longqi , Jin Jing , Jiang Yu , Shen Yi
Published: February 2019

Traditional pulsar signal detection technology based on a fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectrum search and epoch folding requires a very long time to obtain an appropriate net signal-to-noise gain, especially for weak pulsar signals with low photon fluxes. We utilize a high-order spectrum with a nonuniform sampling strategy and an extra denoising process, including a high-pass filter and autocorrelation, to suppress the noise to a great extent. Because of the advantages of the deep convolutional neural network in two-dimensional data mining, the pulsar detection task is accurately realized, while the expert’s subjective experience and the formal theory are avoided. The Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer data from three pulsars, PSR B0531+21, PSR B0540−69, and PSR B1509−58, are selected for the experiment, and the identification task is realized with a classification accuracy greater than 90%, with observation times of only 0.5 s, 40 s, and 15 s, respectively. Traditional methods have difficulty accomplishing the identification task within the same observation time. Further experiments reveal that the high-pass filter and autocorrelation can effectively suppress the cosmic background and random noise and that the nonuniform sampling of the bispectrum can avoid frequency leakage. Although the time complexity (O(N
2)) of the algorithm is higher than those of the traditional FFT (O(N log N)) methods, the algorithm reduces the requirement of the observation duration time; thus, the computational complexity is comparable to that of traditional methods.
Tracing Magnetic Field Morphology Using the Velocity Gradient Technique in the Presence of CO Self-absorption
Authors: Hsieh Cheng-han , Hu Yue , Lai Shih-Ping , Yuen Ka Ho , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Hsieh I-Ta , Ho Ka Wai , Lazarian A.
Published: February 2019

Probing magnetic fields in self-gravitating molecular clouds is generally difficult, even with the use of polarimetry. Based on the properties of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence and turbulent reconnection, the velocity gradient technique (VGT) provides a new way of tracing magnetic field orientation and strength based on spectroscopic data. Our study tests the applicability of VGT in various molecular tracers, e.g., 12CO, 13CO, and C18O. By inspecting synthetic molecular-line maps of CO isotopologs generated through radiative transfer calculations, we show that the VGT can be successfully applied in probing the magnetic field direction in the diffuse interstellar medium, as well as in self-gravitating molecular clouds.
Discovery of Resolved Magnetically Split Lines in SDSS/APOGEE Spectra of 157 Ap/Bp Stars
Authors: Chojnowski S. Drew , Hubrig Swetlana , Hasselquist Sten , Castelli Fiorella , Whelan David G. , Majewski Steven R. , Nitschelm Christian , García-Hernández D. A. , Stassun Keivan G. , Zamora Olga
Published: February 2019

We report on magnetic field measurements of 157 chemically peculiar A/B stars (Ap/Bp) based on resolved, magnetically split absorption lines present in H-band spectra provided by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)/Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey. These stars represent the extreme magnetic end of a still-growing sample of >900 Ap/Bp stars selected among the APOGEE telluric standard stars as those with Ce iii absorption lines and/or literature Ap/Bp classifications. The lines most frequently resolved into their split components for these stars in the H-band pertain primarily pertain to Ce iii, Cr ii, Fe i, Mn ii, Si i, and Ca ii, in addition to one or more unidentified ions. Using mean magnetic field modulus (

) estimates for transitions with known Landé factors, we estimate effective Landé factors for 5 Ce iii lines and 15 unknown lines and proceed to measure

of 157 stars, only 3 of which have previous literature estimates of

. This 183% increase in the number of Ap/Bp stars for which

has been measured is a result of the large number of stars observed by SDSS/APOGEE, extension of high-resolution Ap/Bp star observations to fainter magnitudes, and the advantages of long wavelengths for resolving magnetically split lines. With

 ∼ 25 kG, the star 2MASS J02563098+4534239 is currently the most magnetic star of the SDSS/APOGEE sample. Effective Landé factors, representative line profiles, and magnetic field moduli are presented. The validity of the results is supported using optical, high-resolution, follow-up spectra for 29 of the stars.
Pooled analysis of 1270 infective endocarditis cases in Turkey
Authors: Vahabi Arman , Gül Funda , Garakhanova Sabina , Sipahi Hilal , Sipahi Oğuz Reşat
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Despite developments in medicine, infective endocarditis (IE) is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this study it was aimed to systematically review the infective endocarditis literature published or presented from Turkey.

Methods: To find the published series, one national database (Ulakbim), and three international databases (Scopus, Pubmed and Sci-e) were searched between 31 October-3 November 2014. also, abstracts of congresses by three national congresses were searched for studies regarding infective endocarditis.

Results: Data for 1270 patients (38.3% female, mean age 46.2, 28% prosthetic valve endocarditis) with a diagnosis of infective endocarditis were obtained from 21 reports (18 published articles and three congress abstracts). Of the 18 articles, four were in peer-reviewed medical journals indexed in national databases and 14 were in international databases. There was an underlying heart disease in 51.9% and history of dental procedure was 6.7%. Fever, heart murmur and fatigue were present in 94%, 71.4% and 69% respectively. most commonly involved site was mitral valve (43.3%), followed by aortic (33.8%) and tricuspid valve (6.4%). Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci comprised the 22.8%, 9.7% and 7.5% of the cases while 31.1% were culture-negative. Overall mortality was 23.4%. When we compared series related to years 2008 and before and 2009 and after, the mortality rates were (24.1%-224/931) vs (20.1%-32/159), respectively (p = 0,31).

Conclusion: Infective endocarditis is still associated with significant mortality. S. aureus seems to be the most common etiologic agent. There was a slight decrease in the recent years in mortality.
Enhanced directly-observed treatment short-course for tuberculosis control program in mountain areas of Taiwan
Authors: Huang Yi-Wen , Tsao Chang-Yao , Chen Wei-Wen , Yen Pai-Sheng , Lee Jen-Jyh , Huang Sheng-Shiung , Yang Hao-Jan
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) is one of the most cost-effective approaches for TB treatment. However, TB incidence rates remain high in the mountain areas of Taiwan. A lay health advisor (LHA) strategy is integrated into DOTS as an Enhanced-DOTS (E-DOTS) to provide trustworthy, culturally-specific services in mountain areas that consider the characteristics of local ethnic groups.

Methodology: We recruited two Taiwanese indigenes as LHAs (one for each county) to screen close contacts in five townships of Hualien and Nantou counties from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013. Incidence and active finding rates of TB during the E-DOTS periods (2011-2013 for Hualien and 2012-2013 for Nantou) were compared with data when traditional DOTS was implemented (2006-2010 for Hualien and 2006-2011 for Nantou) to evaluate the effectiveness of E-DOTS using the before-and-after study design.

Results: Incidence rate in Hualien decreased from 393.3 in 2011 to 235.7 in 2013 per 100,000 population and from 338 in 2012 to 235.5 in 2013 in Nantou mountain area. Furthermore, the active case finding rate increased from 15.42% in 2012 to 27.38% in 2013 as compared to an average of 6.5% for CDC, Taiwan, for the specified years. TB treatment success rates were significantly improved from an average of less than 80% to an average of higher than 90% after E-DOTS was implemented.

Conclusions: Our findings highlighted that the use of LHAs in E-DOTS is an effective and applicable strategy for controlling tuberculosis in the mountain areas of Taiwan.
Serologic characteristics of hepatitis B virus among hill-tribe children in Omkoi district, Chiangmai province, Thailand
Authors: Khamduang Woottichai , Ponchomcheun Nichagamon , Yaaupala Witchuda , Puwaruengpat Phongpatchara , Hongjaisee Sayamon , Samleerat Tanawan , Yanola Jintana , Pornprasert Sakorn , Ratanasthien Kwanchai , Jourdain Gonzague , Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole , Sirirungsi Wasna
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Thailand has integrated hepatitis B (HB) vaccination of newborns into the national Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 1992. This has led to a dramatic decrease of HBsAg prevalence in children. However, HB vaccine coverage in remote areas is not well-known. This study aimed to investigate serologic characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among hill-tribe children in Omkoi District, Chiangmai Province, Thailand.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on stored samples collected from hill-tribe children attending the primary/secondary school in Omkoi District in December 2014. Sera were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc using enzyme immunoassays (MUREX, DiaSorin, Italy). Samples with anti-HBc positive were further assessed for HBV DNA using an in-house HBV DNA semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.

Results: Of 210 children evaluated, 4 (1.9%:95% CI 0.5-4.8) were HBsAg-positive. Of the 206 children HBsAg negative, 17 were anti-HBc and anti-HBs positive, 15 anti-HBc positive only, 26 anti-HBs positive only and 148 negative for both anti-HBc and anti-HBs. None of the children with anti-HBc were positive for HBV DNA.

Conclusions: A high percentage of children had no markers of HBV protection suggesting that HB vaccine coverage was not optimal in this area. Our results warrant HBV serologic investigations in other remote areas to assess whether HB vaccine coverage needs to be improved and to identify children who should be vaccinated.
A qualitative study of hand hygiene compliance among health care workers in intensive care units
Authors: Ay Pinar , Teker Ayse Gulsen , Hidiroglu Seyhan , Tepe Pinar , Surmen Aysen , Sili Uluhan , Korten Volkan , Karavus Melda
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Studies indicate that adherence to hand hygiene guidelines is at suboptimal levels. We aimed to explore the reasons for poor hand hygiene compliance.

Methodology: A qualitative study based on the Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework in explaining compliance, consisting four focus group discussions and six in-depth interviews.

Results: Participants mostly practiced hand hygiene depending on the sense of "dirtiness" and "cleanliness". Some of the participants indicated that on-job training delivered by the infection control team changed their perception of "emotionally" based hand hygiene to "indication" based. Direct observations and individual feedback on one-to-one basis were the core of this training. There was low social cohesiveness and a deep polarization between the professional groups that led one group accusing the other for not being compliant.

Conclusions: The infection control team should continue delivering one-to-one trainings based on observation and immediate feedback. But there is need to base this training model on a structured behavioral modification program and test its efficacy through a quasi-experimental design. Increasing social cohesiveness and transforming the blaming culture to a collaborative safety culture is also crucial to improve compliance. High workload, problems related to work-flow and turnover should be addressed.
Tuberculosis outbreak among high school students in Novi Pazar, Serbia 2016: a retrospective-cohort study
Authors: Stosic Maja B , Plavsa Dragana , Mavroeidi Nikoletta , Jovanovic Dragana , Vucinic Violeta , Stevanovic Goran , Sagic Lidija , Spahic Sefadil , Rakic Uros , Grgurevic Anita
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Between February and November 2016, 17 tuberculosis (TB) cases were identified among high school students in Novi Pazar, Serbia. The objectives of our study were to describe the outbreak, to identify potential risk factors and to evaluate the applied control measures.

Methodology: The outbreak was described by time, person and place. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Attack rates, unadjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Multiple log-binomial regression analysis was performed to calculate adjusted RR.

Results: Sixteen of the total 17 cases occurred among grade 3 students, AR 5.5%. Previous TB family history, (RR = 5.29; 95% CI = 1.63-17.12), spending time with a known TB case at school (RR = 5.38; 95% CI = 1.48-19.55) and exposure to secondhand smoke (RR = 3.37; 95% CI = 1.11-10.29) were all significantly and independently associated with the occurrence of TB.

Conclusions: Delayed diagnosis and reporting resulted in delayed initiation of the contact investigation and non-identification of latent TB cases probably favored the occurrence of this outbreak in a low incidence country. Public health authorities should consider revising the existing guidelines, promoting inter-sectorial collaboration and increasing awareness of public health professionals.
Ambulation Patterns Post-Discharge in Older Adults Identified as Fall Risk: A Descriptive Pilot Study
Authors: King Barbara J. , Brown Roger , Steege Linsey , Wang Haocen , Kuo Fang-lin , Brown Cynthia
Published: February 2019

Older adults identified as fall risk during a hospital stay may be at high risk for decreased ambulation during hospitalization and after discharge. Little is known about ambulation frequency in older adults identified as fall risk during a hospital stay or their trajectory of ambulation patterns after an acute hospitalization. Individual ambulation frequency, patterns, functional performance, and fear of falls for 14 older adults were studied. Accelerometers were worn by patients during their hospital stay and for 4 weeks post-discharge. Novel analytics using piecewise regression were used to analyze data. Patterns of ambulation were heterogeneous, and 64% of patients demonstrated no change in the first 2 weeks post-discharge. Increase in ambulation frequency was positively correlated with higher Katz Activities of Daily Living Index scores, gait speed, and lower fear of falls score. Ambulation patterns in older adults identified as fall risk show promise in capturing ambulation recovery and functional ability post-discharge.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2019; 12(3):113–119.]
Feasibility and Effect of a Multidimensional Support Program to Improve Gerotranscendence Perception and Depression for Older Adults: A Pragmatic Cluster–Randomized Control Study
Authors: Chen Shu-Chuan , Moyle Wendy , Jones Cindy
Published: February 2019

Improving perception of gerotranscendence can increase life satisfaction in older adults to achieve successful aging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effect of a multidimensional support program (MSP) on gerotranscendence and depression in community-dwelling older adults. Using a cluster–randomized control trial design, four sites (98 participants) were randomly assigned to a MSP or control group. The Gerotranscendence Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale were administered pre- and postintervention. A total of 91 participants completed the study. The mean attendance rates in the MSP and control groups were 85.5% and 84.3%, respectively. The MSP was found to significantly enhance the perception of gerotranscendence in older adults but not their level of depression. This study demonstrated the MSP is a feasible and effective program to improve perception of gerotranscendence and may potentially lead to positive psychological well-being for older adults.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2019; 12(3):148–158.]
Biodiversity of epiphytic macroalgae (Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta, and Rhodophyta) on leaves of Zostera marina in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: García-Redondo Verónica , Bárbara Ignacio , Díaz-Tapia Pilar
Published: February 2019

The composition, abundance, and distribution of epiphytic macroalgae living in meadows of Zostera marina L. in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula are here analyzed. We identified 63 species: 40 red algae, 16 brown algae, and 7 green algae. Most of them are classified as filamentous or filiform functional forms, while Pneophyllum fragile Kütz. was the only encrusting species. In general, the surface covered by epiphytes on the leaves of Zostera marina was low and a 43% of species were only found in juvenile stages. Regarding their frequency, 10 species were collected in the majority of the areas, while others were rare. Most species were found both epiphytic and in other substrata of the meadows, but 9 were exclusively epiphytic. We detected 9 introduced species.
Annaeus Cornutus and the Stoic Allegorical Tradition: Meaning, Sources, and Impact
Authors: Ramelli Ilaria L.E.
Published: February 2019

The Roman Stoic Cornutus, who lived in the age of Nero, is the heir of an ancient and rich Stoic allegorical tradition applied to all aspects of traditional religion: literary myths, cultic epithets and attributes, and even iconographical representations of deities. Allegoresis (allegorical exegesis) was applied in antiquity to culturally and religiously authoritative texts. It was mainly practiced by “pagan” philosophers like Stoics and Middle and Neoplatonists and by philosophically minded Hellenistic Jewish and Christian exegetes, who read Scripture allegorically.Cornutus offers an excellent example of mythological allegoresis in his handbook of Greek theology. For each divinity, from Ouranos to Hades, Cornutus provides an allegorico-etymological interpretation of its names and epithets, its attributes, aspects of its myths and rituals, etc. Physical allegory (Zeus represents the ether, Hera the air, etc.) is prevalent, although there are also examples of ethical and historical exegeses. Special attention is demanded by Cornutus’ programmatic assertion—analysed below—that “The ancients were not people of no account, but they were also able to understand the nature of the cosmos and had the ability to philosophise on it by means of symbols and enigmata” (35). The ancient were nothing less than philosophers, since they were endowed with the understanding of the cosmos, of what exists. What they expressed allegorically are philosophical truths. Philosophical allegoresis interprets their expressions and finds philosophical tenets therein. Cornutus was strongly influenced by Chrysippus, Apollodorus of Athens, and Crates of Mallus, while Seneca, who was a Stoic but no allegorist, probably polemicised with Cornutus.Stoic allegoresis, as practiced by the Stoics Cornutus and Chaeremon roughly at the same time, later influenced not only the so-called Middle Platonists, but also the Christian Platonist Origen. Origen seems to have applied allegoresis not only to the Bible, like Philo and Clement before him, but also to Plato’s dialogues and myths. All these allegorisers aimed at finding deeper meanings and philosophical truths in traditional accounts, thereby rescuing them from accusations of superficiality or impiety. The goal was to find in ancient poets and other expressions of traditional religion, as well as in Scripture, meanings “worthy of the divine.” Remarkable structural similarities between the Stoic allegorical tradition inherited by Cornutus and Origen’s allegoresis will be pointed out.
Hacia una nueva edición crítica del manual mitológico de Cornuto
Authors: Torres Guerra José B.
Published: February 2019

Para leer el manual de Cornuto (Compendio de las tradiciones teológicas de los griegos) se debe acudir aún a la edición teubneriana de Lang (1881), trabajo que se debería haber sustituido hace tiempo por diversos motivos. Esta contribución analiza primero los distintos problemas que presenta la edición de Lang, caracterizada sobre todo por las abundantes interpolaciones que el editor detectó a partir de criterios discutibles. Tras discutir la viabilidad de rescatar, como pretendía Lang, las ipsissima verba de Cornuto, se presentan los materiales en los que se ha de basar cualquier nueva edición crítica del Compendio. En este punto se asume la estemática de los manuscritos propuesta por Krafft en 1975. Después se proponen ciertas decisiones críticas que el nuevo editor de Cornuto deberá adoptar en relación con la forma lingüística del texto transmitido. Asimismo se explica la política de conjeturas que se seguirá al objeto de enmendar aquellos lugares en los que la literalidad de la parádosis parece corrupta.
Fortifier en terre crue au xviie siècle
Authors: Hurard Séverine , Mercé Gwenaël
Published: February 2019

L’escarpe maçonnée mise en évidence à Saint-Germain-en-Laye constitue, à ce jour, un exemple unique d’utilisation de la terre crue, appliquée à la fortification du xviie siècle, qui cache sans doute une réalité largement sous-estimée. Le cas de l’escarpe maçonnée de terre crue du Fort-Saint-Sébastien témoigne du soin apporté à la construction d’une fortification de campagne éphémère et donne la mesure des investissements techniques et logistiques d’un chantier de terrassement de la guerre de siège qui, aux portes de Paris, en temps de paix, mobilise d’importantes ressources matérielles et humaines, dans le cadre d’une répétition à échelle réduite des capacités opérationnelles des armées de Louis XIV.
Le projet ALeRT
Authors: Daire Marie-Yvane , Olmos Pau , López-Romero Elías
Published: February 2019

Cet article propose de présenter les enjeux et les actions du projet ALeRT (Archéologie, Littoral et Réchauffement Terrestre), porté par le Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH) et l’Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Rennes (OSUR). Les changements climatiques touchent les zones côtières avec des effets diversifiés ; ainsi l’érosion littorale, combinée à certaines pressions anthropiques, affecte non seulement les systèmes naturels mais aussi l’ensemble du patrimoine culturel, historique et archéologique des côtes de la Manche et de l’Atlantique. Cette perte de patrimoine et de données scientifiques demandait à être prise en compte d’urgence. La démarche scientifique engagée dans le cadre du projet ALeRT comprend à la fois : un volet recherche (réflexion sur la vulnérabilité et le risque en milieu littoral, appliqués au patrimoine culturel) ; un volet observation (avec mise au point d’outils normalisés, d’une base de données interactive et d’applications dédiées) ; et enfin une démarche participative (développement de réseaux). à terme, c’est le développement de l’archéologie préventive littorale qui est visé, à l’interface des domaines marin et terrestre.
Le Marais-Vert à Strasbourg.
Authors: Xandry Catherine
Published: February 2019

Le quartier du Marais-Vert, à Strasbourg, s’inscrit dans l’extension de l’enceinte de la fin du xive siècle. Il se situe plus précisément entre le Faubourg-National et le faubourg de Pierre. Se présentant comme un espace ouvert, très faiblement bâti, et composé de cultures, de jardins et de bâtiments agricoles, il semble demeurer un espace presque rural dans la ville intra-muros et ce jusqu’à la fin du xixe siècle. Cependant, on y rencontre aussi des fonctions urbaines variées, temporaires ou périodiques (gibet, champ de tir d’arbalétriers, dépotoir, marché au bois…) qui s’y succèdent sans s’y fixer réellement. De même, à partir du xviiie siècle, la municipalité y envisage des projets urbanistiques, dont un bon nombre ne se concrétisent pas. Il s’agit de l’un des rares espaces intra-muros où elle peut se moderniser sans avoir à raser trop d’éléments. Cependant, si l’on constate la continuité de cette « réserve » de la ville jusqu’à la période contemporaine, son explication reste pour l’instant l’objet d’hypothèses.
Quand se soigner, c’est croire
Authors: Raux Stéphanie
Published: February 2019

Parce que la médecine dans l’Antiquité ne répond pas toujours aux besoins et aux attentes des malades, ceux-ci recourent fréquemment aux substituts prophylactiques de la religion. Les divinités guérisseuses sont sollicitées par la population pour soulager les maux qui l’accablent. Des prières sont adressées dans les sanctuaires et sont accompagnées d’offrandes en demande ou en remerciement de l’exaucement d’un vœu. Parmi ces offrandes, les ex-voto anatomiques occupent une place privilégiée dans le processus de guérison, qu’ils représentent un organe atteint d’une affection ou encore le fidèle guéri.
Organisation médicale pendant la première guerre mondiale
Authors: Tisserand Nicolas , Coulaud Alexandre
Published: February 2019

The data obtained from the diagnosis carried out in 2014 in Saint-Parize-le-Châtel, in Nièvre, compared with those obtained from the archives and information provided by local authorities, enabled us to retrace the history of this large American hospital (700 permanent buildings on 330 ha) built during the winter of 1918-1919. The spatial organization of the camp, which meets various criteria (patient/caregiver, male/female, officers/soldiers, living areas/care areas/technical areas), and equipment (radiology, disinfection, laboratories...) show that it was conceived as a place benefiting from pioneering advances in matters of health.
Remèdes et médicaments au début du xxe siècle
Authors: Brouillaud Stéphane , Horry Alban
Published: February 2019

Une fouille préventive menée à Vénissieux (Rhône) a permis d’étudier une zone de rejets collective de type décharge publique constituée, en grande partie, des déchets domestiques : céramiques, verres, vaisselles en fer émaillé et coquilles d’huîtres. La variété des produits, tant régionaux que d’importation, et les divers emballages découverts illustrent notamment les soins médicaux utilisés dans la sphère domestique à la fin du xixe et au début du xxe siècle. Les milliers de contenants rejetés sont assez souvent en céramique, faïence fine ou porcelaine, mais c’est surtout le flaconnage et les bouteilles en verre qui contribuent à la vente des préparations de pharmacie ou des produits dérivés. Le verre s’impose d’ailleurs au xixe siècle face à la céramique car il pouvait être stérilisé. Le lot découvert met aussi l’accent sur la naissance et l’importance de l’industrie pharmaceutique et biologique à Lyon qui s’affirme, déjà à cette époque, comme un grand centre de production et qui n’aura de cesse de se développer tout au long du xxe siècle.