bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Open Ocean Particle Flux Variability From Surface to Seafloor
Authors: Cael B. B. , Bisson Kelsey , Conte Maureen , Duret Manon T. , Follett Christopher L. , Henson Stephanie A. , Honda Makio C. , Iversen Morten H. , Karl David M. , Lampitt Richard S. , Mouw Colleen B. , Muller‐Karger Frank , Pebody Corinne A. , Smith Kenneth L. , Talmy David
Published: April 2021

The sinking of carbon fixed via net primary production (NPP) into the ocean interior is an important part of marine biogeochemical cycles. NPP measurements follow a log‐normal probability distribution, meaning NPP variations can be simply described by two parameters despite NPP's complexity. By analyzing a global database of open ocean particle fluxes, we show that this log‐normal probability distribution propagates into the variations of near‐seafloor fluxes of particulate organic carbon (POC), calcium carbonate, and opal. Deep‐sea particle fluxes at subtropical and temperate time‐series sites follow the same log‐normal probability distribution, strongly suggesting the log‐normal description is robust and applies on multiple scales. This log‐normality implies that 29% of the highest measurements are responsible for 71% of the total near‐seafloor POC flux. We discuss possible causes for the dampening of variability from NPP to deep‐sea POC flux, and present an updated relationship predicting POC flux from mineral flux and depth.
Thank You to Our 2020 Peer Reviewers
Authors: Montési Laurent G. J. , Määttänen Anni , Rogers A. Deanne , Thomson Bradley J.
Published: April 2021

Peer reviewing is the selfless act of evaluating and providing feedback on scientific papers submitted in journals like JGR: Planets. Every review is written with the objective of clarifying the article and often contains suggestions for additional analyses or topics of discussion. Reviewers often spend hours examining the rigor of the methods, the validity of the results, and the significance of the conclusions in the submitted manuscripts. The extra effort of our pool of reviewers in a year when we all needed to adjust our daily routines in response to a pandemic has not gone unnoticed. In 2020, JGR: Planets benefited from 1,168 reviews provided by 705 unique reviewers. We are particularly grateful to the scientists who remained involved in the review process. We also understand that many of us had to reduce our reviewing commitment this year. Hopefully, the coming year will see a return to normalcy in your lives. To our reviewers, past, present, and future, the entire editorial board of JGR: Planets wishes to express here our most heartfelt gratitude. Thank you!
LINC00470 accelerates the proliferation and metastasis of melanoma through promoting APEX1 expression
Authors: Huang Ting , Wang Yong-Jie , Huang Mi-Tao , Guo Yu , Yang Li-Chang , Liu Xiao-Jin , Tan Wu-Yuan , Long Jian-Hong
Published: April 2021

Recently studies found that APEX1 was abnormally expressed in melanoma, indicating that it might be involved in the development of melanoma. However, the underlying mechanism and the interaction between APEX1 and LINC00470 in melanoma are not clear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of LINC00470 in the development of melanoma in this work. We discovered that LINC00470 was overexpressed in melanoma tissues and cells compared with the adjacent normal tissues and cells by qPCR. The overexpression of LINC00470 promoted the proliferation and migration of melanoma cells. The functional investigation demonstrated that LINC00470 activated the transcription factor, ZNF131, to regulate the APEX1 expression, which finally promoted cell proliferation and migration. In contrast, knockdown of LINC00470 could significantly inhibit the melanoma cell proliferation and migration, and suppress the growth of tumor in vivo. Overexpression of APEX1 could reverse the impact of the silence of LINC00470 in melanoma cells. In summary, our studies revealed that LINC00470 promoted melanoma proliferation and migration by enhancing the expression of APEX1, which indicated that LINC00470 might be a therapeutic target for the treatment of melanoma.
A 127 kb truncating deletion of PGRMC1 is a novel cause of X-linked isolated paediatric cataract
Authors: Jones Johanna L. , Corbett Mark A. , Yeaman Elise , Zhao Duran , Gecz Jozef , Gasperini Robert J. , Charlesworth Jac C. , Mackey David A. , Elder James E. , Craig Jamie E. , Burdon Kathryn P.
Published: April 2021

Inherited paediatric cataract is a rare Mendelian disease that results in visual impairment or blindness due to a clouding of the eye’s crystalline lens. Here we report an Australian family with isolated paediatric cataract, which we had previously mapped to Xq24. Linkage at Xq24–25 (LOD = 2.53) was confirmed, and the region refined with a denser marker map. In addition, two autosomal regions with suggestive evidence of linkage were observed. A segregating 127 kb deletion (chrX:g.118373226_118500408del) in the Xq24–25 linkage region was identified from whole-genome sequencing data. This deletion completely removed a commonly deleted long non-coding RNA gene LOC101928336 and truncated the protein coding progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) gene following exon 1. A literature search revealed a report of two unrelated males with non-syndromic intellectual disability, as well as congenital cataract, who had contiguous gene deletions that accounted for their intellectual disability but also disrupted the PGRMC1 gene. A morpholino-induced pgrmc1 knockdown in a zebrafish model produced significant cataract formation, supporting a role for PGRMC1 in lens development and cataract formation. We hypothesise that the loss of PGRMC1 causes cataract through disrupted PGRMC1-CYP51A1 protein–protein interactions and altered cholesterol biosynthesis. The cause of paediatric cataract in this family is the truncating deletion of PGRMC1, which we report as a novel cataract gene.
Socio-economic differences in accessing NHS spectacles amongst children with differing refractive errors living in Scotland
Authors: Kearney Stephanie , Strang Niall C. , Lewsey Jim , Azuara-Blanco Augusto , Jonuscheit Sven
Published: April 2021

Background/objectives

Adults living in more deprived areas are less likely to attend an eye examination, resulting in greater visual impairment from undiagnosed eye disease and a widening of health inequalities. It is unknown if the introduction of free NHS eye examinations and help with spectacle costs has benefited children in Scotland. This study aimed to explore factors associated with accessing NHS spectacles including level of deprivation, refractive error, urbanity and age.

Subjects/methods

NHS-financed General Ophthalmic Services (GOS) 3 supplement the cost of spectacles for children under 16 years. Administrative data on the spectacle refraction dispensed were obtained from Information Services Division (ISD) for mainland Scotland, 2018, and categorised by: Emmetropes/low hyperopes (reference group), myopes and moderate/high hyperopes. Data were linked to the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintile.

Results

Data included 108, 043 GOS 3 claims. Greater deprivation was associated with greater GOS 3 claims p = 0.041. This was most evident in emmetropic/low hyperopic children and in moderate/high hyperopic children. GOS 3 claims in the myopes group increased with age across all SIMD and decreased with age in the moderate/high hyperope group (all p < 0.001). GOS 3 claims were not associated with urbanity for all Health Boards (p = 0.13).

Conclusions

Children in areas of greater deprivation and in more rural areas are not disadvantaged in accessing NHS spectacles. This did not vary by refractive error group. This suggests that health policy in Scotland is accessible to those from all deprivation levels and refractive errors.
Transcriptomic analysis to identify genes associated with selective hippocampal vulnerability in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Crist Angela M. , Hinkle Kelly M. , Wang Xue , Moloney Christina M. , Matchett Billie J. , Labuzan Sydney A. , Frankenhauser Isabelle , Azu Nkem O. , Liesinger Amanda M. , Lesser Elizabeth R. , Serie Daniel J. , Quicksall Zachary S. , Patel Tulsi A. , Carnwath Troy P. , DeTure Michael , Tang Xiaojia , Petersen Ronald C. , Duara Ranjan , Graff-Radford Neill R. , Allen Mariet , Carrasquillo Minerva M. , Li Hu , Ross Owen A. , Ertekin-Taner Nilüfer , Dickson Dennis W. , Asmann Yan W. , Carter Rickey E. , Murray Melissa E.
Published: April 2021

Selective vulnerability of different brain regions is seen in many neurodegenerative disorders. The hippocampus and cortex are selectively vulnerable in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), however the degree of involvement of the different brain regions differs among patients. We classified corticolimbic patterns of neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem tissue to capture extreme and representative phenotypes. We combined bulk RNA sequencing with digital pathology to examine hippocampal vulnerability in AD. We identified hippocampal gene expression changes associated with hippocampal vulnerability and used machine learning to identify genes that were associated with AD neuropathology, including SERPINA5, RYBP, SLC38A2, FEM1B, and PYDC1. Further histologic and biochemical analyses suggested SERPINA5 expression is associated with tau expression in the brain. Our study highlights the importance of embracing heterogeneity of the human brain in disease to identify disease-relevant gene expression.
Bias free multiobjective active learning for materials design and discovery
Authors: Jablonka Kevin Maik , Jothiappan Giriprasad Melpatti , Wang Shefang , Smit Berend , Yoo Brian
Published: April 2021

The design rules for materials are clear for applications with a single objective. For most applications, however, there are often multiple, sometimes competing objectives where there is no single best material and the design rules change to finding the set of Pareto optimal materials. In this work, we leverage an active learning algorithm that directly uses the Pareto dominance relation to compute the set of Pareto optimal materials with desirable accuracy. We apply our algorithm to de novo polymer design with a prohibitively large search space. Using molecular simulations, we compute key descriptors for dispersant applications and drastically reduce the number of materials that need to be evaluated to reconstruct the Pareto front with a desired confidence. This work showcases how simulation and machine learning techniques can be coupled to discover materials within a design space that would be intractable using conventional screening approaches.
A large modulation of electron-phonon coupling and an emergent superconducting dome in doped strong ferroelectrics
Authors: Ma Jiaji , Yang Ruihan , Chen Hanghui
Published: April 2021

We use first-principles methods to study doped strong ferroelectrics (taking BaTiO3 as a prototype). Here, we find a strong coupling between itinerant electrons and soft polar phonons in doped BaTiO3, contrary to Anderson/Blount’s weakly coupled electron mechanism for "ferroelectric-like metals”. As a consequence, across a polar-to-centrosymmetric phase transition in doped BaTiO3, the total electron-phonon coupling is increased to about 0.6 around the critical concentration, which is sufficient to induce phonon-mediated superconductivity of about 2 K. Lowering the crystal symmetry of doped BaTiO3 by imposing epitaxial strain can further increase the superconducting temperature via a sizable coupling between itinerant electrons and acoustic phonons. Our work demonstrates a viable approach to modulating electron-phonon coupling and inducing phonon-mediated superconductivity in doped strong ferroelectrics and potentially in polar metals. Our results also show that the weakly coupled electron mechanism for "ferroelectric-like metals” is not necessarily present in doped strong ferroelectrics.
STING enhances cell death through regulation of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage
Authors: Hayman Thomas J. , Baro Marta , MacNeil Tyler , Phoomak Chatchai , Aung Thazin Nwe , Cui Wei , Leach Kevin , Iyer Radhakrishnan , Challa Sreerupa , Sandoval-Schaefer Teresa , Burtness Barbara A. , Rimm David L. , Contessa Joseph N.
Published: April 2021

Resistance to DNA-damaging agents is a significant cause of treatment failure and poor outcomes in oncology. To identify unrecognized regulators of cell survival we performed a whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screen using treatment with ionizing radiation as a selective pressure, and identified STING (stimulator of interferon genes) as an intrinsic regulator of tumor cell survival. We show that STING regulates a transcriptional program that controls the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that STING loss alters ROS homeostasis to reduce DNA damage and to cause therapeutic resistance. In agreement with these data, analysis of tumors from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patient specimens show that low STING expression is associated with worse outcomes. We also demonstrate that pharmacologic activation of STING enhances the effects of ionizing radiation in vivo, providing a rationale for therapeutic combinations of STING agonists and DNA-damaging agents. These results highlight a role for STING that is beyond its canonical function in cyclic dinucleotide and DNA damage sensing, and identify STING as a regulator of cellular ROS homeostasis and tumor cell susceptibility to reactive oxygen dependent, DNA damaging agents.
Energy implications of the 21st century agrarian transition
Authors: Rosa Lorenzo , Rulli Maria Cristina , Ali Saleem , Chiarelli Davide Danilo , Dell’Angelo Jampel , Mueller Nathaniel D. , Scheidel Arnim , Siciliano Giuseppina , D’Odorico Paolo
Published: April 2021

The ongoing agrarian transition from small-holder farming to large-scale commercial agriculture is reshaping systems of production and human well-being in many regions. A fundamental part of this global transition is manifested in large-scale land acquisitions (LSLAs) by agribusinesses. Its energy implications, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we assess the multi-dimensional changes in fossil-fuel-based energy demand resulting from this agrarian transition. We focus on LSLAs by comparing two scenarios of low-input and high-input agricultural practices, exemplifying systems of production in place before and after the agrarian transition. A shift to high-input crop production requires industrial fertilizer application, mechanization of farming practices and irrigation, which increases by ~5 times fossil-fuel-based energy consumption compared to low-input agriculture. Given the high energy and carbon footprints of LSLAs and concerns over local energy access, our analysis highlights the need for an approach that prioritizes local resource access and incorporates energy-intensity analyses in land use governance.
Short-range quorum sensing controls horizontal gene transfer at micron scale in bacterial communities
Authors: van Gestel Jordi , Bareia Tasneem , Tenennbaum Bar , Dal Co Alma , Guler Polina , Aframian Nitzan , Puyesky Shani , Grinberg Ilana , D’Souza Glen G. , Erez Zohar , Ackermann Martin , Eldar Avigdor
Published: April 2021

In bacterial communities, cells often communicate by the release and detection of small diffusible molecules, a process termed quorum-sensing. Signal molecules are thought to broadly diffuse in space; however, they often regulate traits such as conjugative transfer that strictly depend on the local community composition. This raises the question how nearby cells within the community can be detected. Here, we compare the range of communication of different quorum-sensing systems. While some systems support long-range communication, we show that others support a form of highly localized communication. In these systems, signal molecules propagate no more than a few microns away from signaling cells, due to the irreversible uptake of the signal molecules from the environment. This enables cells to accurately detect micron scale changes in the community composition. Several mobile genetic elements, including conjugative elements and phages, employ short-range communication to assess the fraction of susceptible host cells in their vicinity and adaptively trigger horizontal gene transfer in response. Our results underscore the complex spatial biology of bacteria, which can communicate and interact at widely different spatial scales.
How dopants limit the ultrahigh thermal conductivity of boron arsenide: a first principles study
Authors: Fava Mauro , Protik Nakib Haider , Li Chunhua , Ravichandran Navaneetha Krishnan , Carrete Jesús , van Roekeghem Ambroise , Madsen Georg K. H. , Mingo Natalio , Broido David
Published: April 2021

The promise enabled by boron arsenide’s (BAs) high thermal conductivity (κ) in power electronics cannot be assessed without taking into account the reduction incurred when doping the material. Using first principles calculations, we determine the κ reduction induced by different group IV impurities in BAs as a function of concentration and charge state. We unveil a general trend, where neutral impurities scatter phonons more strongly than the charged ones. CB and GeAs impurities show by far the weakest phonon scattering and retain BAs κ values of over ~1000 W⋅K−1⋅m−1 even at high densities. Both Si and Ge achieve large hole concentrations while maintaining high κ. Furthermore, going beyond the doping compensation threshold associated to Fermi level pinning triggers observable changes in the thermal conductivity. This informs design considerations on the doping of BAs, and it also suggests a direct way to determine the onset of compensation doping in experimental samples.
A Chlamydia trachomatis VD1-MOMP vaccine elicits cross-neutralizing and protective antibodies against C/C-related complex serovars
Authors: Olsen Anja Weinreich , Rosenkrands Ida , Holland Martin J. , Andersen Peter , Follmann Frank
Published: April 2021

Ocular and urogenital infections withChlamydia trachomatis (C.t.) are caused by a range of different serovars. The firstC.t. vaccine in clinical development (CTH522/CAF®01) induced neutralizing antibodies directed to the variable domain 4 (VD4) region of major outer membrane protein (MOMP), covering predominantly B and intermediate groups of serovars. The VD1 region of MOMP contains neutralizing B-cell epitopes targeting serovars of the C and C-related complex. Using an immuno-repeat strategy, we extended the VD1 region of SvA and SvJ to include surrounding conserved segments, extVD1Aand extVD1J, and repeated this region four times. The extVD1A*4 was most immunogenic with broad cross-surface and neutralizing reactivity against representative members of the C and C-related complex serovars. Importantly, in vitro results for extVD1A*4 translated into in vivo biological effects, demonstrated by in vivo neutralization of SvA and protection/cross-protection against intravaginal challenge with both SvA and the heterologous SvIa strain.
Daily PM2.5 concentration estimates by county, ZIP code, and census tract in 11 western states 2008–2018
Authors: Reid Colleen E. , Considine Ellen M. , Maestas Melissa M. , Li Gina
Published: April 2021

We created daily concentration estimates for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at the centroids of each county, ZIP code, and census tract across the western US, from 2008–2018. These estimates are predictions from ensemble machine learning models trained on 24-hour PM2.5 measurements from monitoring station data across 11 states in the western US. Predictor variables were derived from satellite, land cover, chemical transport model (just for the 2008–2016 model), and meteorological data. Ten-fold spatial and random CV R2 were 0.66 and 0.73, respectively, for the 2008–2016 model and 0.58 and 0.72, respectively for the 2008–2018 model. Comparing areal predictions to nearby monitored observations demonstrated overall R2 of 0.70 for the 2008–2016 model and 0.58 for the 2008–2018 model, but we observed higher R2 (>0.80) in many urban areas. These data can be used to understand spatiotemporal patterns of, exposures to, and health impacts of PM2.5 in the western US, where PM2.5 levels have been heavily impacted by wildfire smoke over this time period.
Publisher Correction: Dissociating implicit and explicit ensemble representations reveals the limits of visual perception and the richness of behaviour
Authors: Hansmann-Roth Sabrina , Kristjánsson Árni , Whitney David , Chetverikov Andrey
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Dependence of the escape from an axially symmetric galaxy on the energy
Authors: Navarro Juan F.
Published: April 2021

The escape of a particle from a dynamical system depends on the intersection between the ingoing and outgoing asymptotic trajectories to certain periodic orbits placed at the openings of the curves of zero velocity of the system. Although many efforts have been devoted to the analysis of the escape from potentials presenting multiple openings, there are still few studies on potentials with only one opening. In this article, we clarify the way in which the energy affects the escape in this type of systems, showing that, contrary to what one could expect, there are several bifurcations for certain values of the energy.
Global dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 clades and their relation to COVID-19 epidemiology
Authors: Hamed Samira M. , Elkhatib Walid F. , Khairalla Ahmed S. , Noreddin Ayman M.
Published: April 2021

Expansion of COVID-19 worldwide increases interest in unraveling genomic variations of novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. Metadata of 408,493 SARS-CoV-2 genomes submitted to GISAID database were analyzed with respect to genomic clades and their geographic, age, and gender distributions. Of the currently known SARS-CoV-2 clades, clade GR was the most prevalent worldwide followed by GV then GH. Chronological analysis revealed expansion in SARS-CoV-2 clades carrying D614G mutations with the predominance of the newest clade, GV, in the last three months. D614G clades prevail in countries with more COVID-19 cases. Of them, the clades GH and GR were more frequently recovered from severe or deceased COVID-19 cases. In contrast, G and GV clades showed a significantly higher prevalence among asymptomatic patients or those with mild disease. Metadata analysis showed higher (p < 0.05) prevalence of severe/deceased cases among males than females and predominance of GR clade in female patients. Furthermore, severe disease/death was more prevalent (p < 0.05) in elderly than in adults/children. Higher prevalence of the GV clade in children compared to other age groups was also evident. These findings uniquely provide a statistical evidence on the adaptation-driven evolution of SARS-CoV-2 leading to altered infectivity, virulence, and mortality.
Analysis of BRCA1/2 variants of unknown significance in the prospective Korean Hereditary Breast Cancer study
Authors: Kim Joo Heung , Park Sunggyun , Park Hyung Seok , Park Ji Soo , Lee Seung-Tae , Kim Sung-Won , Lee Jong Won , Lee Min Hyuk , Park Sue K. , Noh Woo-Chul , Choi Doo Ho , Han Wonshik , Jung Sung Hoo
Published: April 2021

Genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 is crucial in diagnosing hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes and has increased with the development of multigene panel tests. However, results classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS) present challenges to clinicians in attempting to choose an appropriate management plans. We reviewed a total of 676 breast cancer patients included in the Korean Hereditary Breast Cancer (KOHBRA) study with a VUS on BRCA mutation tests between November 2007 and April 2013. These results were compared to the ClinVar database. We calculated the incidence and odds ratios for these variants using the Korean Reference Genome Database. A total of 58 and 91 distinct VUS in BRCA1 and BRCA2 were identified in the KOHBRA study (comprising 278 and 453 patients, respectively). A total of 27 variants in the KOHBRA study were not registered in the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database. Among BRCA1 VUSs, 20 were reclassified as benign or likely benign, four were reclassified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, and eight remained as VUSs according to the ClinVar database. Of the BRCA2 VUSs, 25 were reclassified as benign or likely benign, two were reclassified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, and 33 remained as VUS according to the ClinVar database. There were 12 variants with conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity for BRCA1 and 18 for BRCA2. Among them, p.Leu1780Pro showed a particularly high odds ratio. Six pathogenic variants and one conflicting variant identified using ClinVar could be reclassified as pathogenic variants in this study. Using updated ClinVar information and calculating odds ratios can be helpful when reclassifying VUSs in BRCA1/2.
Evolution of antibody titres against Epstein–Barr virus and human herpesvirus 6A/B and expression of multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus in the serum of pregnant multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Pérez-Pérez Silvia , Cuello Juan Pablo , Martínez-Ginés Marisa , Pardo-Rodríguez Beatriz , García-Domínguez José Manuel , Domínguez-Mozo María Inmaculada , Lozano-Ros Alberto , García-Martínez María Ángel , Higueras Yolanda , Meldaña-Rivera Ariana , Goicochea-Briceño Haydee , Tejeda-Velarde Amalia , Fernández-Velasco Jose Ignacio , Medina Silvia , Arroyo Rafael , Villar Luisa María , Álvarez-Lafuente Roberto
Published: April 2021

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6A/B (HHV-6A/B) and multiple sclerosis (MS)-associated retrovirus (MSRV) have been described as possible MS triggers. We analysed antibody titres against EBV and HHV-6, and MSRV envelope (env) mRNA expression, in the serum of pregnant multiple sclerosis patients (P-MS) to study their possible link to the clinical activity of MS during pregnancy and postpartum and their possible role as relapse predictors. For that purpose, serum samples were collected from 71 pregnant women (50 pregnant MS and 21 pregnant healthy controls—P-HC) during pregnancy and postpartum. Relating to antibody titres, IgM antibody titres against HHV-6A/B were significantly higher in P-MS than in P-HC both in each pregnancy trimester and in the postpartum period. Moreover, IgM antibody titres against HHV-6A/B were higher in P-MS who suffered a relapse during the postpartum. Regarding MSRV env mRNA expression, the prevalence in the first trimester of pregnancy was significantly higher in P-MS who suffered relapses during pregnancy. Summing it up, high IgM antibody titres against HHV-6A/B and MSRV env mRNA expression during the first trimester of pregnancy could act as relapse predictors for the gestation/postpartum periods.
In silico drug repurposing for filarial infection predicts nilotinib and paritaprevir as potential inhibitors of the Wolbachia 5′-aminolevulinic acid synthase
Authors: Kwarteng Alexander , Asiedu Ebenezer , Sylverken Augustina , Larbi Amma , Mubarik Yusif , Apprey Charles
Published: April 2021

Filarial infections affect millions of individuals and are responsible for some notorious disabilities. Current treatment options involve repeated mass drug administrations, which have been met with several challenges despite some successes. Administration of doxycycline, an anti-Wolbachia agent, has shown clinical effectiveness but has several limitations, including long treatment durations and contraindications. We describe the use of an in silico drug repurposing approach to screening a library of over 3200 FDA-approved medications against the filarial endosymbiont,Wolbachia. We target the enzyme which catalyzes the first step of heme biosynthesis in theWolbachia. This presents an opportunity to inhibit heme synthesis, which leads to depriving the filarial worm of heme, resulting in a subsequent macrofilaricidal effect. High throughput virtual screening, molecular docking and molecular simulations with binding energy calculations led to the identification of paritaprevir and nilotinib as potential anti-Wolbachia agents. Having higher binding affinities to the catalytic pocket than the natural substrate, these drugs have the structural potential to bind and engage active site residues of thewolbachia5′-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthase. We hereby propose paritaprevir and nilotinib for experimental validations as anti-Wolbachia agents.
Author Correction: Knotless seton for perianal fistulas: feasibility and effect on perianal disease activity
Authors: Stellingwerf Merel E. , Bak Michiel T. J. , de Groof E. Joline , Buskens Christianne J. , Molenaar Charlotte B. H. , Gecse Krisztina B. , Nerkens Willem , Horeman Tim , Bemelman Willem A.
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Expression of CARD8 in human atherosclerosis and its regulation of inflammatory proteins in human endothelial cells
Authors: Paramel Geena V. , Karadimou Glykeria , Eremo Anna Göthlin , Ljungberg Liza U. , Hedin Ulf , Olofsson Peder S. , Folkersen Lasse , Paulsson-Berne Gabrielle , Sirsjö Allan , Fransén Karin
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Deep learning for high-resolution and high-sensitivity interferometric phase contrast imaging
Authors: Lee Seho , Oh Ohsung , Kim Youngju , Kim Daeseung , Hussey Daniel S. , Wang Ge , Lee Seung Wook
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Amplification-free RNA detection with CRISPR–Cas13
Authors: Shinoda Hajime , Taguchi Yuya , Nakagawa Ryoya , Makino Asami , Okazaki Sae , Nakano Masahiro , Muramoto Yukiko , Takahashi Chiharu , Takahashi Ikuko , Ando Jun , Noda Takeshi , Nureki Osamu , Nishimasu Hiroshi , Watanabe Rikiya
Published: April 2021

CRISPR-based nucleic-acid detection is an emerging technology for molecular diagnostics. However, these methods generally require several hours and could cause amplification errors, due to the pre-amplification of target nucleic acids to enhance the detection sensitivity. Here, we developed a platform that allows “CRISPR-based amplification-free digital RNA detection (SATORI)”, by combining CRISPR-Cas13-based RNA detection and microchamber-array technologies. SATORI detected single-stranded RNA targets with maximal sensitivity of ~10 fM in <5 min, with high specificity. Furthermore, the simultaneous use of multiple different guide RNAs enhanced the sensitivity, thereby enabling the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 N-gene RNA at ~5 fM levels. Therefore, we hope SATORI will serve as a powerful class of accurate and rapid diagnostics.
A porphyrin-conjugated TiO2/CoFe2O4 nanostructure photocatalyst for the selective production of aldehydes under visible light
Authors: Ghobadifard Mahdieh , Safaei Elham , Radovanovic Pavle V. , Mohebbi Sajjad
Published: April 2021

A ZnTCPP-TiO2/CoFe2O4 nanohybrid easily reusable using a permanent magnet without losing its reactivity for the selective production of aldehydes from a mechanistic point of view.
An aza-Diels–Alder route to quinoline-based unnatural amino acids and polypeptide surrogates
Authors: Umerani M. J. , Yang H. , Pratakshya P. , Nowick J. S. , Gorodetsky A. A.
Published: April 2021

The synthesis of quinoline-based unnatural amino acids and the subsequent preparation of polypeptide surrogates from these building blocks on solid support.
Development of spike protein-based fluorescence lateral flow assay for the simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM and IgG
Authors: Wang Chongwen , Shi Dawei , Wan Nan , Yang Xingsheng , Liu Haifeng , Gao Huixia , Zhang Minli , Bai Zikun , Li Dingchen , Dai Erhei , Rong Zhen , Wang Shengqi
Published: April 2021

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-conjugated fluorescent nanotags-integrated lateral flow strip can simultaneously detect SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG in clinical samples.
Plasmon switching of gold nanoparticles through thermo-responsive terminal breathing of surface-grafted DNA in hydrated ionic liquids
Authors: Cheng Lu , Wang Luyang , He Zhiyu , Sun Xun , Li Yujin , Wang Guoqing , Tian Yongshuai , Takarada Tohru , Maeda Mizuo , Liang Xingguo
Published: April 2021

A triphasic assembly trend for double-stranded DNA-capped gold nanoparticles has been observed on increasing the ionic liquid concentration, suggesting sensitive plasmon switching using ionic liquid-controlled DNA hybridization.
Multifunctional CuxS- and DOX-loaded AuNR@mSiO2platform for combined melanoma therapy with inspired antitumor immunity
Authors: Zhang Yamin , Jiang Biling , Guo Chen , Liu Liping , Xu Jian , Wang Yujue , Shen Chen , Zhu Jinjin , Shen Guanxin , Jiang Hao , Zhu Jintao , Tao Juan
Published: April 2021

CuxS- and doxorubicin-loaded AuNR@mSiO2multifunctional nanocomposite is proposed to inhibitin situtumor growth and lung metastasis in a melanoma model by inducing tumor-specific immune response, indicating its satisfactory clinical applications prospects.
Synthesis and immunological effects of C14-linked 4,5-epoxymorphinan analogues as novel heroin vaccine haptens
Authors: Gutman Eugene S. , Irvin Thomas C. , Morgan J. Brian , Barrientos Rodell C. , Torres Oscar B. , Beck Zoltan , Matyas Gary R. , Jacobson Arthur E. , Rice Kenner C.
Published: April 2021

Three novel opiate surrogates with the linker at C14, 1 (6,14-AmidoHap), 2 (14-AmidoMorHap), and 3 (14-AmidoHerHap) were conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) and tested as heroin vaccines. The C3 and C6 moieties are crucial in antibody selectivity.
Tuning the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-based luminescence of metal–organic frameworks by metal nodes toward versatile photoluminescent applications
Authors: Huang Pengcheng , Liu Ying , Karmakar Avishek , Yang Qikun , Li Jing , Wu Fang-Ying , Deng Ke-Yu
Published: April 2021

A systematic tuning of the emission profiles of an ESIPT luminophore incorporated in MOFs by varying metal nodes enables versatile photoluminescent applications.
Plasma tailored reactive nitrogen species in MOF derived carbon materials for hybrid sodium–air batteries
Authors: Yang Xiecheng , Su Fengmei , Hou Minjie , Zhang Da , Dai Yongnian , Liang Feng
Published: April 2021

Plasma tailored reactive nitrogen species significantly improved the OER and ORR performance of MOF-NCNTs.
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of [18F]PBR316: a novel PET ligand targeting the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) with low binding sensitivity to human single nucleotide polymorphism rs6971
Authors: Mattner Filomena , Katsifis Andrew , Bourdier Thomas , Loc'h Christian , Berghofer Paula , Fookes Christopher , Hung Tzong-Tyng , Jackson Timothy , Henderson David , Pham Tien , Lee Brendan J. , Shepherd Rachael , Greguric Ivan , Wyatt Naomi , Le Thanh , Poon Jackson , Power Carl , Fulham Michael
Published: April 2021

PBR316 has high brain uptake, biodistribution consistent with TSPO expression and is insensitive to rs6971 polymorphism with a LAB:HAB ratio of 1.5. It can be prepared in >99% radiochemical purity, 160–400 GBq μmol−1 and >98.5% stability after 4 h.
On the NICS limitations to predict local and global current pathways in polycyclic systems
Authors: Inostroza Diego , García Victor , Yañez Osvaldo , Torres-Vega Juan J. , Vásquez-Espinal Alejandro , Pino-Rios Ricardo , Báez-Grez Rodrigo , Tiznado William
Published: April 2021

Here, we analyze the possibility of predicting local and global current densities in a series of bicyclic hydrocarbons with 4n and 4n + 2 π-electrons from the nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) computations.
The formation of TiO2/VO2 multilayer structure via directional cationic diffusion
Authors: Zheng Yonghui , Chen Zhuo , Lu Hao , Cheng Yan , Chen Xin , He Yunbin , Zhang Zaoli
Published: April 2021

Alternative TiO2/VO2 nanostructures are self-assembled via directional cationic migration assisted by the interstitial position, which is favorable for reducing the phase transition temperature.
Fabry–Perot cavity enhanced three-photon luminescence of atomically thin platinum diselenide
Authors: Han Jing , Wang Yingwei , He Jun , Lu Hua , Li Xiangping , Gu Min , Zhang Yinan
Published: April 2021

Three-photon luminescence of PtSe2 atomic layers was observed for the first time with an enhancement factor of six times by means of the Fabry–Perot cavity resonance, holding promise for nonlinear optical imaging and encryption applications.
Novel two-dimensional tetrahexagonal boron nitride with a sizable band gap and a sign-tunable Poisson's ratio
Authors: Kilic Mehmet Emin , Lee Kwang-Ryeol
Published: April 2021

Tetrahexagonal boron nitride as a suitable substrate for tetrahexcarbon possesses robust stability, exotic mechanical behaviors such as sign-tunable Poisson's ratio, and remarkable electronic properties such as indirect-to-direct band gap transition.
An entry to 2-(cyclobut-1-en-1-yl)-1H-indoles through a cyclobutenylation/deprotection cascade
Authors: Natho Philipp , Yang Zeyu , Allen Lewis A. T. , Rey Juliette , White Andrew J. P. , Parsons Philip J.
Published: April 2021

A transition-metal-free methodology for the synthesis of 2-(cyclobut-1-en-1-yl)-1H-indoles through a cyclobutenylation/deprotection cascade was developed and the underlying mechanism was studied.
Catalytic separators with Co–N–C nanoreactors for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Ren Longtao , Wang Qian , Li Yajie , Hu Cejun , Zhao Yajun , Qiao Lu , Zhou Henghui , Liu Wen , Xu Haijun , Sun Xiaoming
Published: April 2021

An atomically dispersed supported metal catalyst with a Co–N4 structure on active carbon (Co–N–C/AC) is prepared and introduced to modify the separators of Li–S batteries.
A facile preparation of immobilized naringinase on polyethyleneimine-modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanomaterials with high activity
Authors: Yu Chan , Li Qian , Tian Jing , Zhan Honglei , Zheng Xinyu , Wang Shujing , Sun Xitong , Sun Xiyan
Published: April 2021

Polyethyleneimine-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4-PEI) were synthesized by the one-step co-precipitation method, and the resulting material was used to immobilize naringinase from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus niger FFCC uv-11.
The solar reduction of graphene oxide on a large scale for high density electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Yar Asfand , Dennis John Ojur , Yasin Amina , Din Fasih Ud , Irfan Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Saad , Yang Chun-Chen , Jose Rajan
Published: April 2021

Graphene oxide can be efficiently reduced on a large-scale using sunlight, and the resulting structure demonstrates superior charge storage properties.
Implicit rule on the elastic function of a swollen polyacrylamide hydrogel
Authors: Kawai Ryota , Tanaka Hiro , Matsubara Seishiro , Ida Shohei , Uchida Makoto , Okumura Dai
Published: April 2021

A full understanding of the elastic properties of hydrogels under swelling is required for their practical application. Graphs show the distribution of the shear moduli and swelling factors in the as-prepared state and the equilibrium swelling state.
Motility-induced inter-particle correlations and dynamics: a microscopic approach for active Brownian particles
Authors: Dhont J. K. G. , Park G. W. , Briels W. J.
Published: April 2021

The pair-correlation function is large within a small region on approach of the two ABPs, and is essentially zero within an extended region when the ABPs move apart.
Drastically increased electrical and thermal conductivities of Pt-infiltrated MXenes
Authors: Nguyen Viet Phuong , Lim Mikyung , Kim Kyung-Shik , Kim Jae-Hyun , Park Ji Su , Yuk Jong Min , Lee Seung-Mo
Published: April 2021

Tiny amounts of Pt significantly enhance the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of MXenes.
Study on solid electrolyte catalyst poisoning in solid acid fuel cells
Authors: Wagner Maximilian , Lorenz Oliver , Lohmann-Richters Felix P. , Varga Áron , Abel Bernd
Published: April 2021

Phosphate adsorption to the catalyst caused by local heating and subsequent reduction is proposed as main degradation mechanism in solid acid fuel cells.
Single atom catalysts supported on N-doped graphene toward fast kinetics in Li–S batteries: a theoretical study
Authors: Han Xu , Zhang Zeyun , Xu Xuefei
Published: April 2021

We built a novel strategy to systematically screen 3d to 5d transition metal single atom catalysts supported on N-doped defective graphene, M@N3/G and M@N4/G, toward fast kinetics in Li−S batteries. Cr@N4/G and Mn@N4/G are preferentially recommended.
Spatially resolved MoOx phases by the laser oxidation of MoO2: a possible route for all-molybdenum oxide devices
Authors: de Melo O. , Agulló-Rueda F. , Torres-Costa V.
Published: April 2021

MoO2 thin films were subjected to a laser localized oxidation process that allowed to obtain different well defined and spatially resolved MoOx phases.
Arrb2 causes hepatic lipid metabolism disorder via AMPK pathway based on metabolomics in alcoholic fatty liver
Authors: Sun Ying-Yin , Wu Dong-Qing , Yin Na-Na , Yang Lei , Chen Xin , Li Hai-Di , Li Xiao-Feng , Huang Cheng , Meng Xiao-Ming , Wang Hua , Li Jun
Published: April 2021

Background and aims: Alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) is an early form of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) that usually manifests as lipid synthesis abnormalities in hepatocytes. β-arrestin2 (Arrb2) is involved in multiple biological processes. The present study aimed to explore the role of Arrb2 in the regulation of lipid metabolism in AFL and the underlying mechanism and identify potential targets for the treatment of AFL. Methods: The expression of Arrb2 was detected in liver tissues obtained from AFL patients and Gao-binge AFL model mice. In addition, we specifically knocked down Arrb2 in AFL mouse liver in vivo and used Arrb2-siRNA or pEX3-Arrb2 to silence or overexpress Arrb2 in AML-12 cells in vitro to explore the functional role and underlying regulatory mechanism of Arrb2 in AFL. Finally, we investigated whether Arrb2 could cause changes in hepatic lipid metabolites, thereby leading to dysregulation of lipid metabolism based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Results: Arrb2 was up-regulated in the livers of AFL patients and AFL mice. The in vivo and in vitro results confirmed that Arrb2 could induce lipid accumulation and metabolism disorders. Mechanistically, Arrb2 induced hepatic metabolism disorder via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. The results of LC-MS analysis revealed that hepatic lipid metabolites with the most significant differences were primary bile acids. Conclusions: Arrb2 induces hepatic lipid metabolism disorders via AMPK pathway in AFL. On one hand, Arrb2 increases fatty acid synthesis. On the other hand, Arrb2 could increase the cholesterol synthesis, thereby leading to the up-regulation of primary bile acid levels.
A Cognitive Psychometric Investigation of Word Production and Phonological Error Rates in Logopenic Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Petroi Diana , Walker Grant M. , Duffy Joseph R. , Hickok Gregory S. , Josephs Keith A.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

This study investigated the relationship between word production rates (WPRs) and phonological error rates (PERs) in generative and responsive tasks in logopenic progressive aphasia (lvPPA). We examined whether a portion of the reduced WPR during generative tasks related directly to phonological impairments affecting PER on all tasks, irrespective of other task differences that contributed to WPR.

Method

Two cognitive psychometric models were hypothesized and fit to the total number of words produced and the number of phonological errors produced by 22 participants on 10 tasks. Bayesian inference was used to construct posterior distributions of participant ability and task difficulty parameters. Model fit statistics were compared. Association strengths for average generative WPR and average responsive PER were also evaluated with linear least-squares regression.

Results

Average generative WPR and average responsive PER were significantly associated (
r
= −.77,
p
= .00002). A cognitive psychometric model that assumed reduced WPR on generative tasks reflects a portion of general phonological impairment yielded better fit than a model that ignored performance differences between generative and responsive tasks. Generative fluency tasks that elicited few phonological errors still reflected phonological impairment, via suppression. Individual participants were estimated to suppress between 62% and 93% of phonological errors on generative tasks that would have emerged on responsive tasks.

Conclusions

Suppression of phonological errors may present as decreased WPR on generative tasks in lvPPA. Failure to account for this suppression tendency may lead to overestimation of phonological ability. The findings indicate the need to account for task demands in assessing lvPPA.
Metadeglutition? Rate of Aspiration-Related Events in Healthy Females Using a Novel Data Collection App
Authors: Evitts Paul M. , Fields Kyanne , Lande Benjamin
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Recently, there has been increased emphasis in the dysphagia literature on what constitutes the “normal” swallow, including rates of aspiration and penetration in healthy persons across the age ranges. Since a majority of the normed-based studies utilized videofluoroscopy and were conducted in a tightly controlled environment, there is a need to increase the ecological validity of this body of research and investigate the swallow during functional, day-to-day activities. The aim of this study is to track the incidence of swallowing difficulty in young, healthy adults over an extended period to determine the frequency of aspiration-related events and under what environmental circumstances these events occurred.

Method

Sixty-nine young, healthy women (aged 18–39 years) participated in the study and recorded data for 95 consecutive days. Participants installed a web-based application on their cell phones and were asked to access the app and answer three simple questions immediately following any adverse swallowing events. These data were used to determine the frequency of aspiration-related events and their relationship to environmental circumstance.

Results

Fifty-three of the 69 participants (76.8%) reported coughing or choking, 43 (62.3%) reported clearing their throat, 19 (27.5%) reported a globus sensation, and 14 (20.2%) reported difficulty initiating a swallow. The environmental circumstances most commonly associated with aspiration-related events were talking, being distracted, and using an electronic device.

Conclusion

Results suggest that young, healthy adults experience aspiration-related events at a high frequency and that these events typically occur during activities that require dual attention.
Crosslinking und Keratokonus
Authors: Lang Stefan J. , Maier Philip , Reinhard Thomas
Published: April 2021

Ein Keratokonus führt zu einer progressiven Vorwölbung und Verdünnung der
Hornhaut. Um dies aufzuhalten, kann ein Crosslinking durchgeführt werden. Dabei
ist eine Behandlung nach dem „Dresdener Protokoll“ eine effektive und sichere
Behandlungsmöglichkeit, aber auch zahlreiche neue Anwendungsprotokolle
(akzeleriertes Crosslinking, transepitheliales Crosslinking) und sogar weitere
Indikationen (refraktive Eingriffe, infektiöse Keratitis) wurden in den letzten
Jahren veröffentlicht.