bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential Relationship between Tobacco Control Policies and U.S. Adult Current Smoking by Poverty
Authors: Dutra Lauren M. , Farrelly Matthew C. , Nonnemaker James , Bradfield Brian , Gaber Jennifer , Patel Minal , Hair Elizabeth C.
Published: October 2019

The study’s purpose was to identify differences in the relationship between tobacco control policies and smoking by poverty. We matched state smoke-free air law coverage (SFALs), tobacco control funding (TCF), and cigarette taxes with individual current smoking and demographics from supplements to the Current Population Survey (1985–2015). We regressed (logistic) smoking on policy variables, poverty (<138% of poverty line versus ≥138% of poverty line), interactions of policy and poverty, and covariates, presenting beta coefficients instead of odds ratios because it is difficult to interpret interactions using odds ratios (they are ratios of odds ratios). We coded SFALs as (1) proportion of state covered by 100% workplace, restaurant and bar laws (SFAL-All) or (2) proportion of state covered by workplace laws (SFAL-WP) and proportion covered by restaurant or bar laws (SFAL-RB). In the SFAL-All model, SFAL-All (Beta coeff: −0.03, 95% CI: −0.06, −0.002), tax (Coeff: −0.06, 95% CI: −0.07, −0.05), and TCF (Coeff: −0.01, 95% CI: −0.01, −0.001) were associated with less smoking. In this model, the interaction of SFAL-All by poverty was significant (Coeff: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.13). In the SFAL-WP/RB model, SFAL-RB (Coeff: −0.05, 95% CI: −0.08, −0.02), tax (Coeff: −0.05, 95% CI: −0.06, −0.04), and TCF (Coeff: −0.01, 95% CI: −0.01, −0.00) were significant. In the same model, SFAL-WP (Coeff: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.15), SFAL-RB (Coeff: −0.14, 95% CI: −0.19, −0.09), and TCF (Coeff: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.02) interacted with poverty. Tax by poverty was of borderline significance in this model (Coeff = 0.02, 95% CI: −0.00, 0.04, p = 0.050). Among adults, SFALs, TCF, and tax were associated with less current smoking, and SFALs and TCF had differential relationships with smoking by poverty.
Being Conscious of Water Intake Positively Associated with Sufficient Non-Alcohol Drink Intake Regardless of Seasons and Reasons in Healthy Japanese; the KOBE Study: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Nishikawa Tomofumi , Miyamatsu Naomi , Higashiyama Aya , Kubota Yoshimi , Nishida Yoko , Hirata Takumi , Sugiyama Daisuke , Kuwabara Kazuyo , Kubo Sachimi , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Okamura Tomonori
Published: October 2019

The present study sought to clarify if being conscious of water intake (CWI) is associated with sufficient non-alcohol drink (NAD) intake. We used data of healthy participants without diabetes, aged 40–74 years, in the Kobe Orthopedic and Biomedical Epidemiologic (KOBE) study. The association between being CWI and NAD intake was evaluated by multivariate linear regression analyses after adjusting for age, sex, surveyed months (seasons), alcohol drinking, health-awareness life habits, socioeconomic factors, serum osmolarity, estimated daily salt intake, and reasons for NAD intake. Among 988 (698 women and 290 men) participants eligible for the present analyses, 644 participants (65.2%) were CWI and 344 participants (34.8%) were not CWI (non-CWI). The most popular reason for being CWI was to avoid heat stroke in summer and to prevent ischemic cerebral stroke in winter. The CWI group took more NAD, especially decaffeinated beverages, than the non-CWI group (1846.7 ± 675.1 mL/day vs. 1478.0 ± 636.3 ml/day, p < 0.001). There was a significant association between being CWI and NAD intake in multivariate linear regression analyses ever after adjusting for the relevant variables (β = 318.1, p < 0.001). These findings demonstrated CWI, regardless of the reasons and the seasons, was associated with high NAD intake in Japanese healthy population.
Effects of Maternal Homelessness, Supplemental Nutrition Programs, and Prenatal PM2.5 on Birthweight
Authors: Rhee Jongeun , Fabian M. Patricia , Ettinger de Cuba Stephanie , Coleman Sharon , Sandel Megan , Lane Kevin James , Yitshak Sade Maayan , Hart Jaime E. , Schwartz Joel , Kloog Itai , Laden Francine , Levy Jonathan I. , Zanobetti Antonella
Published: October 2019

Few studies examined the impact of maternal socioeconomic status and of its combined effects with environmental exposures on birthweight. Our goal was to examine the impact of maternal homelessness (mothers ever homeless or who lived in shelters during pregnancy) and participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) during pregnancy in conjunction with air pollution exposure on birthweight in the Boston-based Children’s HealthWatch cohort from 2007 through 2015 (n = 3366). Birthweight was obtained from electronic health records. Information on maternal homelessness and WIC participation during pregnancy were provided via a questionnaire. Prenatal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures, estimated at the subject’s residential address, were calculated for each trimester. We fit linear regression models adjusting for maternal and child characteristics, seasonality, and block-group-level median household income and examined the interactions between PM2.5 and each covariate. Prenatal maternal homelessness was associated with reduced birthweight (−55.7 g, 95% CI: −97.8 g, −13.7 g), while participating in WIC was marginally associated with increased birthweight (36.1 g, 95% CI: −7.3 g, 79.4 g). Only average PM2.5 during the second trimester was marginally associated with reduced birthweight (−8.5 g, 95% CI: −19.3, 2.3) for a 1 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5. The association of PM2.5 during the second trimester with reduced birthweight was stronger among non-Hispanic Black mothers and trended toward significance among immigrants and single mothers. Our study emphasizes the independent and synergistic effects of social and environmental stressors on birthweight, particularly the potentially protective effect of participating in WIC for vulnerable populations.
A Spatial Analysis of the Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting among 0–14-Year-Old Girls in Kenya
Authors: Kandala Ngianga-Bakwin , Nnanatu Chibuzor Christopher , Atilola Glory , Komba Paul , Mavatikua Lubanzadio , Moore Zhuzhi , Mackie Gerry , Shell-Duncan Bettina
Published: October 2019

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), also known as female circumcision, is a global public health and human rights problem affecting women and girls. Several concerted efforts to eliminate the practice are underway in several sub-Saharan African countries where the practice is most prevalent. Studies have reported variations in the practice with some countries experiencing relatively slow decline in prevalence. This study investigates the roles of normative influences and related risk factors (e.g., geographic location) on the persistence of FGM/C among 0–14 years old girls in Kenya. The key objective is to identify and map hotspots (high risk regions). We fitted spatial and spatio-temporal models in a Bayesian hierarchical regression framework on two datasets extracted from successive Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys (KDHS) from 1998 to 2014. The models were implemented in R statistical software using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques for parameters estimation, while model fit and assessment employed deviance information criterion (DIC) and effective sample size (ESS). Results showed that daughters of cut women were highly likely to be cut. Also, the likelihood of a girl being cut increased with the proportion of women in the community (1) who were cut (2) who supported FGM/C continuation, and (3) who believed FGM/C was a religious obligation. Other key risk factors included living in the northeastern region; belonging to the Kisii or Somali ethnic groups and being of Muslim background. These findings offered a clearer picture of the dynamics of FGM/C in Kenya and will aid targeted interventions through bespoke policymaking and implementations.
The Effectiveness of Tobacco Dependence Education in Health Professional Students’ Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hyndman Kathryn , Thomas Roger E. , Schira H. Rainer , Bradley Jenifer , Chachula Kathryn , Patterson Steven K. , Compton Sharon M.
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review to examine the effectiveness of tobacco dependence education versus usual or no tobacco dependence education on entry-level health professional student practice and client smoking cessation. Sixteen published databases, seven grey literature databases/websites, publishers’ websites, books, and pertinent reference lists were searched. Studies from 16 health professional programs yielded 28 RCTs with data on 4343 healthcare students and 3122 patients. Two researchers independently assessed articles and abstracted data about student knowledge, self-efficacy, performance of tobacco cessation interventions, and patient smoking cessation. All forms of tobacco were included. We did not find separate interventions for different kinds of tobacco such as pipes or flavoured tobacco. We computed effect sizes using a random-effects model and applied meta-analytic procedures to 13 RCTs that provided data for meta-analysis. Students’ counseling skills increased significantly following the 5As model (SMD = 1.03; 95% CI 0.07, 1.98; p < 0.00001, I2 94%; p = 0.04) or motivational interviewing approach (SMD = 0.90, 95% CI 0.59, 1.21; p = 0.68, I2 0%; p < 0.00001). With tobacco dependence counseling, 78 more patients per 1000 (than control) reported quitting at 6 months (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.49, 2.74, I2 = 0%, p = 0.76; p < 0.00001), although the strength of evidence was moderate or low. Student tobacco cessation counseling improved guided by the above models, active learning strategies, and practice with standardized patients.
Identification of Isoform-Selective Ligands for the Middle Domain of Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90)
Authors: Mak Oi Wei , Chand Raina , Reynisson Jóhannes , Leung Ivanhoe K. H.
Published: October 2019

The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a current inhibition target for the treatment of diseases, including cancer. In humans, there are two major cytosolic isoforms of Hsp90 (Hsp90α and Hsp90β). Hsp90α is inducible and Hsp90β is constitutively expressed. Most Hsp90 inhibitors are pan-inhibitors that target both cytosolic isoforms of Hsp90. The development of isoform-selective inhibitors of Hsp90 may enable better clinical outcomes. Herein, by using virtual screening and binding studies, we report our work in the identification and characterisation of novel isoform-selective ligands for the middle domain of Hsp90β. Our results pave the way for further development of isoform-selective Hsp90 inhibitors.
Development of an Efficient Protocol to Obtain Transgenic Coffee, Coffea arabica L., Expressing the Cry10Aa Toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Valencia-Lozano Eliana , Cabrera-Ponce José L. , Gómez-Lim Miguel A. , Ibarra Jorge E.
Published: October 2019

This report presents an efficient protocol of the stable genetic transformation of coffee plants expressing the Cry10Aa protein of Bacillus thuringiensis. Embryogenic cell lines with a high potential of propagation, somatic embryo maturation, and germination were used. Gene expression analysis of cytokinin signaling, homedomains, auxin responsive factor, and the master regulators of somatic embryogenesis genes involved in somatic embryo maturation were evaluated. Plasmid pMDC85 containing the cry10Aa gene was introduced into a Typica cultivar of C. arabica L. by biobalistic transformation. Transformation efficiency of 16.7% was achieved, according to the number of embryogenic aggregates and transgenic lines developed. Stable transformation was proven by hygromycin-resistant embryogenic lines, green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression, quantitative analyses of Cry10Aa by mass spectrometry, Western blot, ELISA, and Southern blot analyses. Cry10Aa showed variable expression levels in somatic embryos and the leaf tissue of transgenic plants, ranging from 76% to 90% of coverage of the protein by mass spectrometry and from 3.25 to 13.88 μg/g fresh tissue, with ELISA. qPCR-based 2−ΔΔCt trials revealed high transcription levels of cry10Aa in somatic embryos and leaf tissue. This is the first report about the stable transformation and expression of the Cry10Aa protein in coffee plants with the potential for controlling the coffee berry borer.
The Yin-Yang Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and MicroRNAs in Cancer
Authors: R. Babu Kamesh , Tay Yvonne
Published: October 2019

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive oxygen-containing chemical species formed as a by-product of normal aerobic respiration and also from a number of other cellular enzymatic reactions. ROS function as key mediators of cellular signaling pathways involved in proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and immune response. However, elevated and sustained ROS production promotes tumor initiation by inducing DNA damage or mutation and activates oncogenic signaling pathways to promote cancer progression. Recent studies have shown that ROS can facilitate carcinogenesis by controlling microRNA (miRNA) expression through regulating miRNA biogenesis, transcription, and epigenetic modifications. Likewise, miRNAs have been shown to control cellular ROS homeostasis by regulating the expression of proteins involved in ROS production and elimination. In this review, we summarized the significance of ROS in cancer initiation, progression, and the regulatory crosstalk between ROS and miRNAs in cancer.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of New 4-Acyloxy Derivatives of Robustic Acid
Authors: Chen Rui , Huo Lini , Jaiswal Yogini , Wei Jianhua , Li Dianpeng , Zhong Jing , Williams Leonard , Xia Xing , Liang Yan
Published: October 2019

In the present study, a series of 4-acyloxy robustic acid derivatives were synthesized and characterized for evaluation of their anti-cancer activity. The structures of these derivatives were elucidated by mass spectra (MS) nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR). The single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure of one of these compounds was obtained, for further validation of the target compound structures. The anticancer activities of the target products were evaluated against human leukemic cells HL-60, human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells A-549, human hepatic carcinoma cells SMMC-7721, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2, and human cervical carcinoma cells Hela. Three compounds among them exhibited potent in-vitro cytotoxicity and excellent DNA topoisomerase I inhibitory activity, even at 0.1 mM concentrations. The most noteworthy observation was the minor toxicity of two of these compounds to normal cells, with an activity similar to the positive control in cancerous cells. A Surflex-Dock docking study was performed to investigate the topoisomerase I activity of all compounds. Of all the other compounds, the most sensitive compound was selected for further investigation of its effect on apoptosis induction and cell cycle regulation in HL-60 cells. Our results suggest that the anticancer effects of these compounds can be attributed to their pharmacological effects on topoisomerase I, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle. These findings suggest that robustic acid derivatives could be used as potential antitumor drugs.
Immunomodulatory Protein from Nectria haematococca Induces Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells via the P53 Pathway
Authors: Wang Jing-Jing , Wang Yan , Hou Lizhen , Xin Fengjiao , Fan Bei , Lu Cong , Zhang Lijing , Wang Fengzhong , Li Shuying
Published: October 2019

Our previous research has shown that a fungal immunomodulatory protein from Nectria haematococca (FIP-nha) possesses a wide spectrum of anti-tumor activities, and FIP-nha induced A549 apoptosis by negatively regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway based on comparative quantitative proteomics. This study further confirmed that the anti-lung cancer activity of FIP-nha was significantly stronger than that of the reported LZ-8 and FIP-fve. Subsequently, 1H NMR-based metabolomics was applied to comprehensively investigate the underlying mechanism, and a clear separation of FIP-nha-treated and untreated groups was achieved using pattern recognition analysis. Four potential pathways associated with the anti-tumor effect of FIP-nha on A549 cells were identified, and these were mainly involved in glycolysis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism. Metabolic pathway analysis demonstrated that FIP-nha could induce A549 cell apoptosis partly by regulating the p53 inhibition pathway, which then disrupted the Warburg effect, as well as through other metabolic pathways. Using RT-PCR analysis, FIP-nha-induced apoptosis was confirmed to occur through upregulation of p53 expression. This work highlights the possible use of FIP-nha as a therapeutic adjuvant for lung cancer treatment.
The Impact of Dose Rate on DNA Double-Strand Break Formation and Repair in Human Lymphocytes Exposed to Fast Neutron Irradiation
Authors: Nair Shankari , Engelbrecht Monique , Miles Xanthene , Ndimba Roya , Fisher Randall , du Plessis Peter , Bolcaen Julie , Nieto-Camero Jaime , de Kock Evan , Vandevoorde Charlot
Published: October 2019

The lack of information on how biological systems respond to low-dose and low dose-rate exposures makes it difficult to accurately assess the carcinogenic risks. This is of critical importance to space radiation, which remains a serious concern for long-term manned space exploration. In this study, the γ-H2AX foci assay was used to follow DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction and repair following exposure to neutron irradiation, which is produced as secondary radiation in the space environment. Human lymphocytes were exposed to high dose-rate (HDR: 0.400 Gy/min) and low dose-rate (LDR: 0.015 Gy/min) p(66)/Be(40) neutrons. DNA DSB induction was investigated 30 min post exposure to neutron doses ranging from 0.125 to 2 Gy. Repair kinetics was studied at different time points after a 1 Gy neutron dose. Our results indicated that γ-H2AX foci formation was 40% higher at HDR exposure compared to LDR exposure. The maximum γ-H2AX foci levels decreased gradually to 1.65 ± 0.64 foci/cell (LDR) and 1.29 ± 0.45 (HDR) at 24 h postirradiation, remaining significantly higher than background levels. This illustrates a significant effect of dose rate on neutron-induced DNA damage. While no significant difference was observed in residual DNA damage after 24 h, the DSB repair half-life of LDR exposure was slower than that of HDR exposure. The results give a first indication that the dose rate should be taken into account for cancer risk estimations related to neutrons.
Progress in Tissue Culture and Genetic Transformation of Oil Palm: An Overview
Authors: Yarra Rajesh , Jin Longfei , Zhao Zhihao , Cao Hongxing
Published: October 2019

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq.) is a prominent vegetable-oil-yielding crop. Cultivating high-yielding oil palm with improved traits is a pre-requisite to meet the increasing demands of palm oil consumption. However, tissue culture and biotechnological approaches can resolve these concerns. Over the past three decades, significant research has been carried out to develop tissue culture and genetic transformation protocols for oil palm. Somatic embryogenesis is an efficient platform for the micropropagation of oil palm on a large scale. In addition, various genetic transformation techniques, including microprojectile bombardment, Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated, Polyethylene glycol mediated mediated, and DNA microinjection, have been developed by optimizing various parameters for the efficient genetic transformation of oil palm. This review mainly emphasizes the methods established for in vitro propagation and genetic transformation of oil palm. Finally, we propose the application of the genome editing tool CRISPR/Cas9 to improve the various traits in this oil yielding crop.
Sorghum MSD3 Encodes an ω-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase that Increases Grain Number by Reducing Jasmonic Acid Levels
Authors: Dampanaboina Lavanya , Jiao Yinping , Chen Junping , Gladman Nicholas , Chopra Ratan , Burow Gloria , Hayes Chad , Christensen Shawn , Burke John , Ware Doreen , Xin Zhanguo
Published: October 2019

Grain number per panicle is an important component of grain yield in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)) and other cereal crops. Previously, we reported that mutations in multi-seeded 1 (MSD1) and MSD2 genes result in a two-fold increase in grain number per panicle due to the restoration of the fertility of the pedicellate spikelets, which invariably abort in natural sorghum accessions. Here, we report the identification of another gene, MSD3, which is also involved in the regulation of grain numbers in sorghum. Four bulked F2 populations from crosses between BTx623 and each of the independent msd mutants p6, p14, p21, and p24 were sequenced to 20× coverage of the whole genome on a HiSeq 2000 system. Bioinformatic analyses of the sequence data showed that one gene, Sorbi_3001G407600, harbored homozygous mutations in all four populations. This gene encodes a plastidial ω-3 fatty acid desaturase that catalyzes the conversion of linoleic acid (18:2) to linolenic acid (18:3), a substrate for jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. The msd3 mutants had reduced levels of linolenic acid in both leaves and developing panicles that in turn decreased the levels of JA. Furthermore, the msd3 panicle phenotype was reversed by treatment with methyl-JA (MeJA). Our characterization of MSD1, MSD2, and now MSD3 demonstrates that JA-regulated processes are critical to the msd phenotype. The identification of the MSD3 gene reveals a new target that could be manipulated to increase grain number per panicle in sorghum, and potentially other cereal crops, through the genomic editing of MSD3 functional orthologs.
Reduced Cholinergic Activity in the Hippocampus of Hippocampal Cholinergic Neurostimulating Peptide Precursor Protein Knockout Mice
Authors: Madokoro Yuta , Yoshino Yuta , Kato Daisuke , Sato Toyohiro , Mizuno Masayuki , Kanamori Tetsuko , Shimazawa Masamitsu , Hida Hideki , Hara Hideaki , Yoshida Mari , Borlongan Cesario V. , Ojika Kosei , Matsukawa Noriyuki
Published: October 2019

The cholinergic efferent network from the medial septal nucleus to the hippocampus has an important role in learning and memory processes. This cholinergic projection can generate theta oscillations in the hippocampus to efficiently encode novel information. Hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide (HCNP) induces acetylcholine synthesis in medial septal nuclei. HCNP is processed from the N-terminal region of a 186 amino acid, 21 kD HCNP precursor protein called HCNP-pp (also known as Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (PEBP1)). In this study, we generated HCNP-pp knockout (KO) mice and assessed their cholinergic septo-hippocampal projection, local field potentials in CA1, and behavioral phenotypes. No significant behavioral phenotype was observed in HCNP-pp KO mice. However, theta power in the CA1 of HCNP-pp KO mice was significantly reduced because of fewer cholineacetyltransferase-positive axons in the CA1 stratum oriens. These observations indicated disruption of cholinergic activity in the septo-hippocampal network. Our study demonstrates that HCNP may be a cholinergic regulator in the septo-hippocampal network.
The Construction of the Past: Towards a Theory for Knowing the Past
Authors: Thibodeau Kenneth
Published: October 2019

This paper presents Constructed Past Theory, an epistemological theory about how we come to know things that happened or existed in the past. The theory is expounded both in text and in a formal model comprising UML class diagrams. The ideas presented here have been developed in a half century of experience as a practitioner in the management of information and automated systems in the US government and as a researcher in several collaborations, notably the four international and multidisciplinary InterPARES projects. This work is part of a broader initiative, providing a conceptual framework for reformulating the concepts and theories of archival science in order to enable a new discipline whose assertions are empirically and, wherever possible, quantitatively testable. The new discipline, called archival engineering, is intended to provide an appropriate, coherent foundation for the development of systems and applications for managing, preserving and providing access to digital information, development which is necessitated by the exponential growth and explosive diversification of data recorded in digital form and the use of digital data in an ever increasing variety of domains. Both the text and model are an initial exposition of the theory that both requires and invites further development.
Unraveling the Genetic Structure of the Coconut Scale Insect Pest (Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne) Outbreak Populations in the Philippines
Authors: Serrana Joeselle M. , Ishitani Naoto , Carvajal Thaddeus M. , Almarinez Billy Joel M. , Barrion Alberto T. , Amalin Divina M. , Watanabe Kozo
Published: October 2019

Despite the fact that massive outbreaks of the coconut scale insect pest, Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) are inflicting significant economic losses to the Philippines’ coconut industry, little is known about the population and dispersal history of this invasive pest in the country. Here, we examined the genetic diversity, structure and demographic history of A. rigidus sampled from localities with reported outbreaks from 2014 to 2017. We analyzed the genetic structure of the outbreak populations using mitochondrial COI and nuclear EF-1α markers. Both markers and all methods of population genetic structure analyses indicate clear differentiation among the A. rigidus populations separating the north from the southern regions of the Philippines. Very low or no genetic differentiation was observed within and amongst the populations per geographic region indicating two unrelated outbreak events of the pest originating from two genetically uniform populations isolated in each respective region. Historical data supports the resurgence of an established A. rigidus population in the south which could have been driven by sudden climatic changes or human-induced habitat imbalance. Our study provides valuable information on the genetic differentiation of the two A. rigidus groups that would be useful for developing and implementing biological control strategies against this pest in the Philippines.
Is There Any Improvement of the Coagulation Imbalance in Sickle Cell Disease after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation?
Authors: Rozen Laurence , Noubouossie Denis F. , Dedeken Laurence , Lê Phu Quoc , Ferster Alina , Demulder Anne
Published: October 2019

Several components of the clotting system are modified towards hypercoagulability in sickle cell disease (SCD). To date, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only validated curative treatment of SCD. Here, we investigated the changes in the hemostatic potential of SCD children who’ve received a successful HSCT. Seventeen children with severe SCD were enrolled in the study. Thrombin generation (TG) was performed on citrated platelet-poor plasma, obtained before and 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 months after HSCT. TG was triggered using 1 pM tissue factor and 4 µM phospholipids with or without thrombomodulin (TM). Before the HSCT, SCD children showed a higher endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), higher peak, higher velocity and shorter time-to-peak of TG than the normal controls (NC). ETP did not significantly change following the HSCT. However, the peak, velocity and time-to-peak of TG reversed to normal ranges from 3 months post-HSCT and remained so up to 15 months post-HSCT. The reduction of ETP after the addition of thrombomodulin (RETP) was dramatically reduced in SCD children before HSCT as compared with the NC. A partial reversal of RETP was observed from 3 months through 15 months post-HSCT. No statistical difference was observed for patient age or donor hemoglobinopathy status. In summary, successful HSCT improves the kinetics of TG but not the total thrombin capacity in SCD children.
Multi-Scale Surface Texturing in Tribology—Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives
Authors: Grützmacher Philipp G. , Profito Francisco J. , Rosenkranz Andreas
Published: October 2019

Surface texturing has been frequently used for tribological purposes in the last three decades due to its great potential to reduce friction and wear. Although biological systems advocate the use of hierarchical, multi-scale surface textures, most of the published experimental and numerical works have mainly addressed effects induced by single-scale surface textures. Therefore, it can be assumed that the potential of multi-scale surface texturing to further optimize friction and wear is underexplored. The aim of this review article is to shed some light on the current knowledge in the field of multi-scale surface textures applied to tribological systems from an experimental and numerical point of view. Initially, fabrication techniques with their respective advantages and disadvantages regarding the ability to create multi-scale surface textures are summarized. Afterwards, the existing state-of-the-art regarding experimental work performed to explore the potential, as well as the underlying effects of multi-scale textures under dry and lubricated conditions, is presented. Subsequently, numerical approaches to predict the behavior of multi-scale surface texturing under lubricated conditions are elucidated. Finally, the existing knowledge and hypotheses about the underlying driven mechanisms responsible for the improved tribological performance of multi-scale textures are summarized, and future trends in this research direction are emphasized.
Revealing the Nanoparticle-Protein Corona with a Solid-State Nanopore
Authors: Coglitore Diego , Coulon Pierre Eugene , Janot Jean-Marc , Balme Sébastien
Published: October 2019

Protein adsorption at the liquid–solid interface is an old but not totally solved topic. One challenge is to find an easy way to characterize the protein behavior on nanoparticles and make a correlation with its intrinsic properties. This work aims to investigate protein adsorption on gold nanoparticles and the colloidal properties. The protein panel was chosen from different structural categories (mainly-α, mainly-β or mix-αβ). The result shows that the colloidal stability with salt addition does not depend on the structural category. Conversely, using the single nanopore technique, we show that the mainly-α proteins form a smaller corona than the mainly-β proteins. We assign these observations to the lower internal energy of α-helices, making them more prone to form a homogeneous corona layer.
Selectively Enhanced 3D Printing Process and Performance Analysis of Continuous Carbon Fiber Composite Material
Authors: Luo Huiyan , Tan Yuegang , Zhang Fan , Zhang Jun , Tu Yiwen , Cui Kunteng
Published: October 2019

Aiming at the limited mechanical properties of general thermoplastic 3D printed models, a 3D printing process method for selective enhancement of continuous carbon fiber composite material is proposed. Firstly, the selective enhanced double nozzle working mechanism and crafts planning process are put forward. Then, based on the double nozzle carbon fiber 3D printing device, test samples are printed by polylactic acid (PLA) and carbon fiber material, and the test samples are enhanced by inserting layers of continuous carbon fiber material. The performance test of the samples is carried out. Experiment results show that when the volume fraction of continuous carbon fiber material increases gradually from 5% to 40%, the tensile strength increases from 51.22 MPa to 143.11 MPa. The performance improvement curve is fitted through experimental data. Finally, field scanning electron microscopy is used to observe the microscopic distribution of continuous fibers in the samples. The results of the research lay the foundation for the performance planning of 3D printed models.
Enhancement of Viscoelastic and Electrical Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomers with Nanosized Ni-Mg Cobalt-Ferrites as Fillers
Authors: Abdul Aziz Siti Aishah , Mazlan Saiful Amri , Ubaidillah U , Shabdin Muhammad Kashfi , Yunus Nurul Azhani , Nordin Nur Azmah , Choi Seung-Bok , Rosnan Rizuan Mohd
Published: October 2019

Carbon-based particles, such as graphite and graphene, have been widely used as a filler in magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) fabrication in order to obtain electrical properties of the material. However, these kinds of fillers normally require a very high concentration of particles to enhance the conductivity property. Therefore, in this study, the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrite is introduced as a filler to soften MRE and, at the same time, improve magnetic, rheological, and conductivity properties. Three types of MRE samples without and with different compositions of Mg, namely Co0.5Ni0.2Mg0.3Fe2O4 (A1) and Co0.5Ni0.1Mg0.4Fe2O4 (A2), are fabricated. The characterization related to the micrograph, magnetic, and rheological properties of the MRE samples are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and the rheometer. Meanwhile, the effect of the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites on the electrical resistance property is investigated and compared with the different Mg compositions. It is shown that the storage modulus of the MRE sample with the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites is 43% higher than that of the MRE sample without the nanomaterials. In addition, it is demonstrated that MREs with the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites exhibit relatively low electrical resistance at the on-state as compared to the off-state condition, because MRE with a higher Mg composition shows lower electrical resistance when higher current flow occurs through the materials. This salient property of the proposed MRE can be effectively and potentially used as an actuator to control the viscoelastic property of the magnetic field or sensors to measure the strain of the flexible structures by the electrical resistance signal.
A New Fixed Point Result of Perov Type and Its Application to a Semilinear Operator System
Authors: Altun Ishak , Hussain Nawab , Qasim Muhammad , Al-Sulami Hamed H.
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we present a new generalization of the Perov fixed point theorem on vector-valued metric space. Moreover, to show the significance of our result, we present both a nontrivial comparative example and an application to a kind of semilinear operator system about the existence of its solution.
Centered Polygonal Lacunary Graphs: A Graph Theoretic Approach to p-Sequences of Centered Polygonal Lacunary Functions
Authors: Sullivan Keith , Rutherford Drew , Ulness Darin J.
Published: October 2019

This work is on the nature and properties of graphs which arise in the study of centered polygonal lacunary functions. Such graphs carry both graph-theoretic properties and properties related to the so-called p-sequences found in the study of centered polygonal lacunary functions. p-sequences are special bounded, cyclic sequences that occur at the natural boundary of centered polygonal lacunary functions at integer fractions of the primary symmetry angle. Here, these graphs are studied for their inherent properties. A ground-up set of planar graph construction schemes can be used to build the numerical values in p-sequences. Further, an associated three-dimensional graph is developed to provide a complementary viewpoint of the p-sequences. Polynomials can be assigned to these graphs, which characterize several important features. A natural reduction of the graphs original to the study of centered polygonal lacunary functions are called antipodal condensed graphs. This type of graph provides much additional insight into p-sequences, especially in regard to the special role of primes. The new concept of sprays is introduced, which enables a clear view of the scaling properties of the underling centered polygonal lacunary systems that the graphs represent. Two complementary scaling schemes are discussed.
Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckol Alleviates Obesity and Systemic Inflammation in a Mouse Model by Reducing Expression of RAGE and RAGE Ligands
Authors: Choi Junwon , Oh Seyeon , Son Myeongjoo , Byun Kyunghee
Published: October 2019

Ecklonia cava (E. cava) can alleviate diet-induced obesity in animal models, and phlorotannins contained in E. cava help prevent hypertrophy-induced adipocyte differentiation. Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is well known to induce hypertrophy of visceral fat and to trigger inflammation substantially. While the relationship between RAGE and obesity and inflammation has been well-characterized, few studies describe the effects of phlorotannin on RAGE. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB)—a single compound from the ethanoic extract of E. cava—mediated by a reduction in the inflammation caused by RAGE and RAGE ligands. In visceral fat, PPB (i) significantly inhibited RAGE ligands, (ii) reduced the expression of RAGE, and (iii) reduced the binding ratio between RAGE and RAGE ligands. Under lower expression of RAGE, RAGE ligands and their cognate binding, the differentiation of macrophages found in visceral fat into M1-type—the pro-inflammatory form of this immune cell—was reduced. As the M1-type macrophage decreased, pro-inflammatory cytokines, which cause obesity, decreased in visceral fat. The results of this study highlight the anti-obesity effects of PPB, with the effects mediated by reductions in RAGE, RAGE ligands, and inflammation.
Lipidomics of Brain Tissues in Rats Fed Human Milk from Chinese Mothers or Commercial Infant Formula
Authors: Su Miya , Subbaraj Arvind K. , Fraser Karl , Qi Xiaoyan , Jia Hongxin , Chen Wenliang , Gomes Reis Mariza , Agnew Mike , Day Li , Roy Nicole C. , Young Wayne
Published: October 2019

Holistic benefits of human milk to infants, particularly brain development and cognitive behavior, have stipulated that infant formula be tailored in composition like human milk. However, the composition of human milk, especially lipids, and their effects on brain development is complex and not fully elucidated. We evaluated brain lipidome profiles in weanling rats fed human milk or infant formula using non-targeted UHPLC-MS techniques. We also compared the lipid composition of human milk and infant formula using conventional GC-FID and HPLC-ELSD techniques. The sphingomyelin class of lipids was significantly higher in brains of rats fed human milk. Lipid species mainly comprising saturated or mono-unsaturated C18 fatty acids contributed significantly higher percentages to their respective classes in human milk compared to infant formula fed samples. In contrast, PUFAs contributed significantly higher percentages in brains of formula fed samples. Differences between human milk and formula lipids included minor fatty acids such as C8:0 and C12:0, which were higher in formula, and C16:1 and C18:1 n11, which were higher in human milk. Formula also contained higher levels of low- to medium-carbon triacylglycerols, whereas human milk had higher levels of high-carbon triacylglycerols. All phospholipid classes, and ceramides, were higher in formula. We show that brain lipid composition differs in weanling rats fed human milk or infant formula, but dietary lipid compositions do not necessarily manifest in the brain lipidome.
A Novel Expanding Mechanism of Gastrointestinal Microrobot: Design, Analysis and Optimization
Authors: Wang Wei , Yan Guozheng , Wang Zhiwu , Jiang Pingping , Meng Yicun , Chen Fanji , Xue Rongrong
Published: October 2019

In order to make the gastrointestinal microrobot (GMR) expand and anchor in the gastrointestinal tract reliably, a novel expanding mechanism of the GMR is proposed in this paper. The overlapping expanding arm is designed to be used to increase the variable diameter ratio (ratio of fully expanded diameter to fully folded diameter) to 3.3, which makes the robot more adaptable to the intestinal tract of different sections of the human body. The double-layer structure of the expanding arm increases the contact area with the intestine, reducing the risk of intestinal damage. The kinematics and mechanical model of the expanding arm are established, and the rigid velocity, rigid acceleration, and expanding force of the expanding arm are analyzed. The elastodynamics model of the expanding arm is established. Through the finite element analysis (FEA), the velocity, acceleration, and the value and distribution of the stress of the expanding arm under elastic deformation are obtained. Based on the elastodynamics analysis, the structure of the expanding arm is optimized. By the structure optimization, the thickness of the expanding mechanism is reduced by 0.4mm, the weight is reduced by 31%, and the stress distribution is more uniform. Through the mechanical test, the minimum expanding force of the expanding mechanism is 1.3 N and the maximum expanding force is 6.5 N. Finally, the robot is tested in the rigid pipeline and the isolated intestine to verify the reliability and safety of the expanding mechanism.
The Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium cupreum Regulates Expression of Genes Involved in the Tolerance to Metals and Plant Growth Promotion in Eucalyptus globulus Roots
Authors: Ortiz Javier , Soto Javiera , Fuentes Alejandra , Herrera Héctor , Meneses Claudio , Arriagada César
Published: October 2019

The endophytic strain Chaetomium cupreum isolated from metal-contaminated soil was inoculated in Eucalyptus globulus roots to identify genes involved in metal stress response and plant growth promotion. We analyzed the transcriptome of E. globulus roots inoculated with C. cupreum. De novo sequencing, assembly, and analysis were performed to identify molecular mechanisms involved in metal stress tolerance and plant growth promotion. A total of 393,371,743 paired-end reads were assembled into 135,155 putative transcripts. It was found that 663 genes significantly changed their expression in the presence of treatment, of which 369 were up-regulated and 294 were down-regulated. We found differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding metal transporters, transcription factors, stress and defense response proteins, as well as DEGs involved in auxin biosynthesis and metabolism. Our results showed that the inoculation of C. cupreum enhanced tolerance to metals and growth promotion on E. globulus. This study provides new information to understand molecular mechanisms involved in plant–microbe interactions under metals stress.
Crustose Calicioid Lichens and Fungi in Mountain Cloud Forests of Tanzania
Authors: Temu Stella Gilbert , Tibell Sanja , Tibuhwa Donatha Damian , Tibell Leif
Published: October 2019

A total of 26 crustose calicioid lichens and fungi were found in Tanzania. Most of them belong to a group of species with wide distributions in cool areas of both hemispheres and occasional occurrence in high mountains at low latitudes. In Tanzania calicioids mainly occur in the middle and upper forest zones and their niches are found on the bark of old trees and on lignum, most of them restricted to mountain cloud forests. Calicioids are rare and often red-listed, and are also bioindicators of long forest continuity. Consequently, they form an important biota in mountain cloud forests and deserve attention in the context of preserving biodiversity and developing conservation policies. One new species, Chaenothecopsis kilimanjaroensis, is described. Chaenotheca hispidula and Pyrgillus cambodiensis are reported as new to Africa and Calicium lenticulare and Chaenothecopsis debilis are reported as new to Tanzania.
Bioremediation of Artificial Diesel-Contaminated Soil Using Bacterial Consortium Immobilized to Plasma-Pretreated Wood Waste
Authors: Farber Ravit , Rosenberg Alona , Rozenfeld Shmuel , Banet Gabi , Cahan Rivka
Published: October 2019

Bioaugmentation is a bioremediation option based on increasing the natural in-situ microbial population that possesses the ability to degrade the contaminating pollutant. In this study, a diesel-degrading consortium was obtained from an oil-contaminated soil. The diesel-degrading consortium was grown on wood waste that was plasma-pretreated. This plasma treatment led to an increase of bacterial attachment and diesel degradation rates. On the 7th day the biofilm viability on the plasma-treated wood waste reached 0.53 ± 0.02 OD 540 nm, compared to the non-treated wood waste which was only 0.34 ± 0.02. Biofilm attached to plasma-treated and untreated wood waste which was inoculated into artificially diesel-contaminated soil (0.15% g/g) achieved a degradation rate of 9.3 mg day−1 and 7.8 mg day−1, respectively. While, in the soil that was inoculated with planktonic bacteria, degradation was only 5.7 mg day−1. Exposing the soil sample to high temperature (50 °C) or to different soil acidity did not influence the degradation rate of the biofilm attached to the plasma-treated wood waste. The two most abundant bacterial distributions at the family level were Xanthomonadaceae and Sphingomonadaceae. To our knowledge, this is the first study that showed the advantages of biofilm attached to plasma-pretreated wood waste for diesel biodegradation in soil.
Discovery of Novel µ-Opioid Receptor Inverse Agonist from a Combinatorial Library of Tetrapeptides through Structure-Based Virtual Screening
Authors: Poli Giulio , Dimmito Marilisa Pia , Mollica Adriano , Zengin Gokhan , Benyhe Sandor , Zador Ferenc , Stefanucci Azzurra
Published: October 2019

Morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, and other µ-opioid receptors (MOR) agonists have been used for decades in antinociceptive therapies. However, these drugs are associated with numerous side effects, such as euphoria, addiction, respiratory depression, and adverse gastrointestinal reactions, thus, circumventing these drawbacks is of extensive importance. With the aim of identifying novel peptide ligands endowed with MOR inhibitory activity, we developed a virtual screening protocol, including receptor-based pharmacophore screening, docking studies, and molecular dynamics simulations, which was used to filter an in-house built virtual library of tetrapeptide ligands. The three top-scored compounds were synthesized and subjected to biological evaluation, revealing the identity of a hit compound (peptide 1) endowed with appreciable MOR inverse agonist effect and selectivity over δ-opioid receptors. These results confirmed the reliability of our computational approach and provided a promising starting point for the development of new potent MOR modulators.
Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil of Four Sympatric Orchid Species
Authors: Robustelli della Cuna Francesco Saverio , Calevo Jacopo , Bari Elia , Giovannini Annalisa , Boselli Cinzia , Tava Aldo
Published: October 2019

The volatile fractions from fresh inflorescences of naturally growing orchids Anacamptis coriophora (L.) R. M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M. W. Chase subsp. fragrans (Pollini), Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) R. Ophrys holosericea (Burm.) Greuter and Serapias vomeracea (Burm. f.) B. were isolated by steam distillation and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. Saturated hydrocarbons were quantified as the major constituents of the volatile fraction (47.87–81.57% of the total essential oil), of which long-chain monounsaturated hydrocarbons accounted from 9.20% to 32.04% of the total essential oil. Double bond position in linear alkenes was highlighted by dimethyl disulfide derivatization and MS fragmentation. Aldehydes (from 3.45 to 18.18% of the total essential oil), alcohols (from 0.19% to 13.48%), terpenes (from 0.98 to 2.50%) and acids (0.30 to 2.57%) were also detected. These volatiles compounds may represent a particular feature of these plant species, playing a critical role in the interaction with pollinators. DPPH assay evaluating the antioxidant activity of the essential oils was carried out, showing a dose-dependent antioxidant activity.