bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is there a Relationship between Shyness and English Proficiency Level of Bilingual and Monolingual EFL Learners
Authors: Kohzadi Hamedreza , Aziz Mohammadi Fatemeh , Samadi Fatemeh
Published: May 2015

It would be mention that bilingualism can be defined in different ways. For example, Maleki (2011) asserted that individual level includes consecutive or simultaneous learning which involves the content of achievement, ability, language competence and proficiency. However, social level contains complex phenomena of minority and migrants and focuses some matters like domain and diglossia. These are useful in interpreting the various ways that linguistic resources are organized in multilingual communities. In these communities, there are some phenomena like transfer, borrowing, code switching and interference. The current study seeks to examine the effects of the role of shyness in English proficiency level of Bilingual EFL Learners in Komijan (in the province of Markazi) and Monolingual EFL learners in Arak (in the province of Markazi). The number of subjects were 98 and all of them were male. The age range of learners was 12 to 15. Thus, Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale (RCBS) was used to measure the shyness level of both bilingual and monolingual learners. Results of the One-way ANOVA indicated that different level of shyness was not significant among bilingual and monolingual learners. It also indicated that bilingual students outperformed monolingual students in General English Proficiency.
Opinion and Persuasion
Authors: Dima Ioan Constantin , Gîfu Daniela
Published: May 2015

The research proves that persuasion has two types of objectives. Its main objective is the change of opinion. Its fundamental and foundational objectives are the change in attitude, generic conduct and situational behaviour. The main objective controls the fundamental objectives. The change in attitudes and conduct/behaviour is presided by changes in opinion. Persuasion is thus shown to be primarily and ultimately a matter of opinion. As such, its mechanism to manage and generate at the level of opinion must be searched and rendered visible. Its specific strategies at this level must also be deciphered. Persuasion as opinion moves towards an opinion. It should not be denied that conviction also moves towards an opinion, and similarly, as manner, by means of an opinion.
Practicing the International Theme of America versus Europe through Depicting their Cultures, Characters and Settings, in The Portrait of a Lady by Henry James
Authors: Moghadam Davood Mohammadi , Wan Yahya Wan Roselezam
Published: May 2015

Henry James is the most prominent American novelist who practices the international novels which deals with America and Europe. Among the subjects and the themes which James wrote about, his international theme is the most recurrent theme in his work, in other words we can say that James‟s international theme is the main an the most important subjects of his literary career. James‟s literary career is divided into three periods and the international theme is the main subject of the first and the third period, so its importance is obvious. This international theme is called in other words the issue of „America versus Europe‟ through which James tried to show the contrasts which he believed to exist between America and Europe. In the days of Henry James it was as a defined duty for American writers to represent the contrast of America and Europe, because they were exhausted to be looked as a second-hand European. While in those days Americans looked themselves as inferior to European, so American writers defined to write about their contrast with Europe to be separated from Europe and that illusion. The Portrait of a Lady is James‟ most well-known masterpiece; this novel is again an international novel in which James practiced the international theme with a high proficiency because all parts of this novel, including its characters, settings and events are used skillfully like a chain to show the contrast between America and Europe.
In Search of True Identity: The Mutual Relationships of Human Beings in Ian McEwan’s Atonement and Enduring Love
Authors: Ramin Zohreh , Masoumi Fatemeh
Published: May 2015

Critically acclaimed writer, Ian McEwan, has been recognized as a pioneer for writing unique forms of fiction. His craftsmanship has been explained as “rational”, “controlled”, and “precise”. The narrative organization in his works brings out the human nature, which is at times, introduced as misled, confused, and guilt ridden. Influenced by Freud, McEwan has written novels which probe into the psyche of the characters so deeply that they resemble psychological case studies. It is here argued that a psychological reading can be done based on the theories of Erik Erikson; namely, identity crisis and identity formation of the characters. Furthermore, to provide a richer theoretical background, narratology is incorporated. Monika Fludernik‟s narratological novel approach sheds light on issues of misinterpretation and unreliability to further verify the psychological aspects of the work. Atonement and Enduring Love have been analyzed as evidence on the basis of theories in narratology and psychology. Finally, drawing on both theories, a new form of character representation will be manifested on identity and self-recognition.
Tax-Spend, Spend-Tax or Fiscal Synchronization Hypothesis: Evidence from Iran
Authors: Rezaei Abbas Ali
Published: May 2015

The relationship between revenue and government expenditure is an important subject in public economics especially for Iran country, which is suffering from persistent budget deficits. From point of view of theoretical studies, there are essentially four schools of thought on the direction of causation between government expenditure and revenue. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the Long and short Run relationship between government revenue and government expenditure in Iran Country covering data 1978- 2012 with using An Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Approach. The Iranian economy has been subject to a multitude of structural changes and regime shifts during the sample period. First, time series properties of the data are first analysed by Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Zivot-Andrews and Lee – Strazicich (2003, 2004) model. The results of the ADF and Lee – Strazicich models indicate that all series under investigation are non-stationary at level. However, it is evident from the results of Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Lee – Strazicich tests that revenue and government expenditure are stationary at first difference because null hypotheses of unit roots for all the variables are rejected at 1 percent significance level then, we investigated causality between revenue and government expenditure by using an application of Toda-Yamamoto approach. Their evidence generally found unidirectional causality running from government revenue to government expenditure. So, these results consistent with the revenue-spend hypothesis. In the three stage, Autoregressive Distributeded Lag (ARDL) technique is used to describe both long run relationships and short run dynamic adjustments between government revenue and expenditure variables. The results of this paper support the Freidman (1978) hypothesis that government revenues cause expenditure and revenues have a positive causal impact on government expenditure.
Strategic Optional for Sustainability in Human Resources Management in Tertiary Institution
Authors: Mukoro Akpoyovwaire Samuel
Published: May 2015

Efficient human resources management in any human organization has a tremendous impact on employer’s morale, achievement of organizational goals and maximal productivity. Thus, the degree to which an organization achieves its goals depends greatly on how the human resources are effectively managed and utilized. Therefore, this paper examines the concept of human resources management, rationale for human resources management and the relevance of human resources in tertiary institutions. Finally, the paper discusses how best human resources could be managed and maintained to enhance personnel efficiency in tertiary institutions in Nigeria.
Iranian EFL Learners' Perceptions and Beliefs about their English Teachers: A Psycholinguistic Perspective
Authors: Heidari-Shahreza Mohammad Ali
Published: May 2015

The present study expolred English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' perceptions and beliefs concerning their English teachers. Through a mixed-methods research design and using descriptive statistics, 146 Iranian adult EFL learners were probed on different aspects of their interaction with English teachers. In addition, their objectives as language learners were investigated to discern how their perceptions and beliefs could be related to the learning goals they aimed at. The findings revealed that the participants generally believed English teachers were not competent enough as language users and the teaching materials they used, were not appropriate. Concerning the relation between EFL learners' beliefs and their learning objectives, the findings indicated that communicative, occupational and academic objectives for male participants and communicative, cultural and academic objectives for female participants were the three most important learning goals they had. It is recommended that EFL teachers direct their focus of teaching to more communicative language teaching approaches. This way, in addition to fulfilling their learners' primary objective, they are better able to create an interesting, diverse atmosphere in language classrooms. Such learning environment may also serve as a solution to the learners' lack of motivation and their perception of language class as a boring place.
Henry Neville’s The Isle of Pines and the Emergence of Racial and Colonial Discourses in the Genre of Utopia in Britain
Authors: Ladani Zahra Jannessari
Published: May 2015

This essay will explicate and study Henry Neville's The Isle of Pines as one of the most popular utopian/dystopian accounts written in the pamphleteering tradition current in the seventeenth century. The researcher will see how Neville's socio-political philosophy was molded in the highly turbulent atmosphere of the seventeenth century. Then, The Isle of Pines will closely be analyzed to assess its formation under the influence of the controversial nature of the politics of the time. We will also elaborate on Neville's introduction of the pamphleteering tradition to utopian fiction. In addition, Neville's employment and foregrounding of racial and colonial intentions will be discussed to see how these modern discourses gave shape and directed the genre of British utopia as an apology for the republic and commonwealth as the requirement of an age with a disturbed political face.
An Explanatory Analysis to Identify and Prioritize the Challenges of Islamic Banking Implementation: The Case of I.R. Iran
Authors: Seyed-Javadin Seyed Reza , Raei Reza , Iravani Mohammad Javad , Safari Mohammad
Published: May 2015

Islamic banking system has emerged as a competitive and a viable substitute for the conventional banking system during the last four decades. Islamic banking is a banking activity that is accordance with the laws of Islam (Islamic jurisprudence) and its practical application is in the development of Islamic economics. For complete implementation of Islamic banking, namely transition from interest free banking system and going forward to reach the total Islamic banking system, there are challenges and problems involved. The main purpose of this research is to identify and explain the important challenges associated with IB implementation in I.R.Iran. To achieve this goal, based on the qualitative method after a detailed study of the theoretical foundation and literature review, using data obtained from interviews with experts and the convenient questionnaire, the final identified factors have been analyzed and presented in form of a conceptual research model. Experts of this research were both academicians and practitioners in the field of banking and financial system. The findings showed that significant challenges exist to establish a comprehensive system of Islamic banking; accordingly policy makers and mangers in order to succeed in this system should consider them. The convenient programs should be settled so that the problems and challenges eliminated and the road to success implementation will be paved.
Microfinance and Women Empowerment in Zimbabwe: A Case of Women Development Fund in Umguza District
Authors: Selome Joyce , Tshuma Nevel
Published: May 2015

The gender dimension of poverty focuses on the dilemma of women, their numerous roles as women and their role in dealing with poverty. In many developing countries, women are discriminated upon in terms of their access to capital means of production; basic needs support, employment opportunities and access to credit facilities. In Zimbabwe, like in many developing countries, empowering women through micro-credit finance is viewed as a means of reducing women poverty, empowering them, reducing their vulnerability and improving their well-being especially in the rural areas. This paper discusses the role of the government of Zimbabwe in empowering rural women through the introduction Women Development Fund (WDF). The study was carried out in Umguza district in Matabeleland North province of Zimbabwe. The study employed mainly purposive sampling and data was collected using questionnaire, key informant interviews, focus group discussion observation and oral history. Research revealed that WDF as a strategy has made a difference in the livelihoods of the recipients through initiation of income generating projects. However the major handicap with WDF is that the amount of money given are small and that it was employed in isolate hence the need to have complementary initiatives such as capacity building, market networking among others.
Empirical Investigation of Risk Tacking Channel of Monetary Policy in Iran
Authors: Rahbar Farhad , Sargolzaei Mostafa
Published: May 2015

This study deals with investigation of existence of monetary policy risk channel in the economy of Iran. For the same purpose, the seasonal data of macroeconomic variables are used in such a manner that changes in interest rate as an indicator of monetary policy and bank leverage ratio as an indicator of risk are considered. Using VAR approach and Impulse response functions, the experimental test of channel of monetary policy risk in the economy of Iran was examined. The results showed that an expansionary monetary policy which occurs by decrease in interest rates causes that risk of bank system to be increased. In addition, it should be stated that inflation had positive impacts and economic growth had negative impacts on the risk of bank system.
Toward a Psycholinguistic Model of Affective Variables in EFL Contexts
Authors: Heidari-Shahreza Mohammad Ali
Published: May 2015

The present study initially aimed at exploring the realm of affective variables such as motivation, anxiety and inhibition by reviewing the prevailing models and taxonomies used to account for such variables in the relevant literature. In so doing, three common approaches to the study of affective vriables, that is, (meta) cognitive approach, socio-cultural approach and the (more recent) contextual approach were elaborated on. Secondly, as the primary purpose of the study, a trichotomous model of affective variables within a contextual approach was put forward. Based on this tentative model, three macro components of a contextual approach to affective variables were identified as a) learners' objectives; b) learning environment and c) learners' emotions and feelings. A number of components were also highlighted at micro level under the three categories of objective-oriented, environment-oriented and feeling-oriented taxonomy of this model. Finally, these components were briefly discussed and their pedagogical implications for language teachers were drawn upon.
William Faulkner’s Dialogue with the Pastoral Genre
Authors: Ladani Zahra Jannessari
Published: May 2015

This essay deals with the fact that The Sound and the Fury and Light in August dialogize the pastoral genre. In this respect, the first part of the essay presents a discussion about the definitions and modifications of the concept of the pastoral in different epochs. Then it will be proved that pastoral and specifically post-pastoral codes are appropriated in the two novels and, in this way, these novels can be categorized as pastoral novels. It will also be explained in detail that the mentioned novels not only appropriate the pastoral and post-pastoral codes but also reverse them and render a carnivalised version of the pastoral. The objective is to show that dialogue with the pastoral genre is not simply the appropriation of its codes within the two novels, and that the two novels interact with this genre in terms of giving a new version of the pastoral through negating its codes. The researcher will show that this interaction provides a good opportunity for Faulkner to question and criticize the social ideology of his time.
Odile Riondet in Communication Horizon
Authors: Vlăduţescu Ştefan
Published: May 2015

The study radiographies the scientific contribution of Professor Odile Riondet in communication domain. It is ascertained that the standard R. T. Craig, of the "seven major traditions" of "communication field theory", is inapplicable. The method that is used is the axis of segregation of problems after expressed ideational. It emerges that Odile Riondet as advocate of SIC (Sciences de l'information et communication), is positioned by default in "communication science". It results that she has meritorious contributions to communication epistemology, in communication ethics, communication philosophy and communication anthropology. It is concluded that in the communication horizon, Odile Riondet can be remembered as outstanding specialist of the "communication anthropology" axis.
Coriolanus: Celebrating a Bakhtinian Anarchic Body of Roman Republic
Authors: Beigi Roohollah Datli , Abbasi Pyeaam
Published: May 2015

The last tragedy of Shakespeare, Coriolanus (1608), is one of the most ignored and controversial Shakespearian plays towards which there has always been a sort of dislike. Despite the fact that the dislike is attributed by many critics to the play's harshness, it can be analyzed in terms of the play's protagonist and the low language he uses. Cursing language is the most important feature of Coriolanus which undermines him into a grotesque figure, removes the audience's and the reader's sympathy with him, and questions the authoritative language of the play. This study uses Mikhail Bakhtin's ideas to bring under scrutiny Shakespeare's unpopular protagonist in terms of his cursing and obscene language or voice. Using such ideas as "heteroglossia," "grotesque body" and "carnival" it will be argued that Shakespeare through language makes the audiences sympathize neither with patricians nor plebeians, but gets them to stand and criticize a contemporary issue. This so-called "alienation effect" created by Shakespeare changes the play into an epic theatre. Also, it is shown that "heteroglossia" and the grotesque quality of Coriolanus' language help to undermine the authoritative or "unitary language" of the play as a systematic whole. In other words, the stable society and language Shakespeare is after are subverted by the heteroglot and grotesque language of Coriolanus and Menenius.
Optimal Hedge Ratio for Brent Oil Market; Baysian Approach
Authors: Mehrara Mohsen , Hamldar Monire
Published: May 2015

This paper examines the optimal hedging ratio (OHR) for the Brent Crude Oil Futures using daily data over the period 1990/17/8-2014/11/3. To gain OHR, it is employed a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) and Vector Error Correction (VEC) and Baysian Vector Autoregressive (BVAR) models. At last, the efficiency of these calculated OHR are compared through Edrington's index.
Speech Act Disagreement among Young Men in Iran
Authors: Heidari Afroozeh , Rasekh Abbas Eslami , Simin Shahla
Published: May 2015

Speech act of disagreement is one of the least attended among all the other types of speech act. The present study seeks to find out the ways in which this inherently threatening act is expressed by young male Persian speakers. To gather the needed data one hundred participants randomly selected from among a population of BA and MA students of Isfahan and Najafabad universities were asked to complete a discourse completion test (DCT) designed by the researchers. The respondents were to read six natural situations, and react to them via making disagreements. As the major focus of the study was the role that gender and power play in the application of politeness strategies, the participants were expected to disagree with two higher power interlocutors (one male and one female), two peers (one male and one female) and two addressees with lower power status (one male and one female). In order to analyze the units of disagreement, Muntigl and Turnbull’s taxonomy (1995) was employed. Students’ responses were further compared with Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategies. The results revealed that respondents use confrontational strategies more frequently whenever expressing their oppositions to a person with the same sex which could be explained with regards to the effect of social solidarity which can potentially over rule the effect of power and gender differences.
Two Types of Theories about Manipulative Communication
Authors: Vlăduţescu Ştefan
Published: May 2015

The study aims to explore and classify the theories of manipulation. Our thesis is that manipulation constitutes a form of manipulative utilisation of communication; in fact, manipulation is communication, is manipulative communication. Taking into account that under the action of manipulation the judgement of the manipulated is paralysed, in individualising the manipulative persuasive intervention, we emphasise that the effect of mental paralysis is achieved by the manipulator coordinating their efforts directly by means of the manipulating message with indirect influences induced by the situation of manipulation. In this regard, one may delimit two types of theories: the theory of message manipulation and theory of situational manipulation. The reality is that manipulation is message-situational and situational-message to the same extent.
Exploring the Sense of Belonging and the Notion of Home in Margaret Atwood’s Cat’s Eye
Authors: Jafni Nur Fatin Syuhada Ahmad , Wan Yahya Wan Roselezam
Published: May 2015

Human beings need to associate and mingle with their surroundings, be they the family, neighbours, colleagues, nature or a place, in order to feel attached and belonging to a particular society and its environment. This article explores the concept of a sense of belonging in Margaret Atwood‟s novel Cat’s Eye (1988). The story is about the protagonist, Elaine, revisiting her childhood memories, where she learned about friendship, longing and betrayal. Although she was being bullied by her own best friends, Elaine remained with them as she feared being alienated. Despite the many years spent outside Toronto and away from her sad childhood memories, Elaine still felt that her hometown was her real home. The notions of belongingness used in this analysis are aided by Abraham Maslow‟s Hierarchy of Needs and William Glasser‟s Choice Theory. Elaine‟s strong attachment to her hometown and her childhood memories is due to the human needs for love and belonging and in an attempt to evade alienation and loneliness. Parallel to what Maslow defines as a sense of belonging, humans on a very basic level long for belonging, respect and love, and Elaine‟s actions are seen as a desperate attempt to get through her days in the way that Glasser outlines in Choice Theory – the need for love and belonging is closely linked to the need for survival.
The Clash within a Civilisation
Authors: Lane Jan Erik
Published: May 2015

At the end of the last century, there was much talk about a future clash of civilisations, replacing the Cold War confrontation. However, the development of events in the early 21rst century has turned the focus upon the clash within one of the largest civilisations of the World: Islam and the Muslim countries. The outcome of the political violence from the civil wars and Salafist terrorism is deaths and casualties beyond imagination. Why cannot the Moslem countries regulate their religious tensions - Sunni-Shia, Salafist jihadism - through institutional innovation, allowing for peaceful settlement and the rule of law?
Managing Service Quality Customer Loyalty and the Role of Relationship Length
Authors: Ahmad Naveed , Iqbal Nadeem , Ahmad Mansoor
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the management of service quality, customer loyalty and the role of relationship length in Islamic and conventional banks. Data was collected from two sectors i.e. Islamic banks and Conventional Banks within four cities of Pakistan and the questionnaires were distributed accordingly. Sample size of 400 was taken as a whole accounts 100 from Islamabad, 100 Lahore, 100 Multan and Faisal Abad each from both sectors. Regression and factor analysis of all variables were executed. T, test is applied on both sectors Islamic and conventional banks for comparisons. Results show that brand awareness has no impact on corporate image. Innovation capability has a significant impact to attract the customer towards the organization and Customer service quality is highly significant on corporate image. Customer service quality is highly significant on switching cost.
Communicational Positive Propaganda in Democracy
Authors: Buşu Oprea Valentin , Teodorescu Mirela , Gîfu Daniela
Published: May 2015

This study examines the propaganda from point of view of positive effects in actual social life dominated by democracy. People have to deal with propaganda in ordinary life: it happens through advertising, propaganda occurs in political speeches, in TV shows, even in the news… With the development of means of communication and especially of mass media, propaganda has become inseparable from the contemporary mass culture. Some sociologists state that the tendencies of propagating particular lifestyles and models of behavior have a negative impact on the society; on the other hand, propaganda can be used for positive purposes: for example, for spreading healthy lifestyle, anti-smoking and anti-drugs campaigns, anti-discrimination ideas etc.
The Effect of Language Changes on Culture Cause by Producing Knowledge and Technology
Authors: Bolban Abad Ali Mohammadi , Hanifi Rouzbeh
Published: May 2015

The Language is one of the instruments that changes by political and cultural evolutions (changes) and revolutionize during the humans history. But the main thing for the power and honor of each nation and government is protecting their culture and local language against these changes. The language evolution is inevitable. As the entrance of any other events is very common affair so the entrance of terms and any structure is common, too. The main language evolution reasons are because of the entrance of industrial and cultural phenomenon, political, economic and cultural relations, and arrival of those who educated abroad, geographical factors (having mutual border), taboos and military conflictions. These evolutions are semantic and not accidental and irregular. Systematic evolution is a part of language identity and maybe a part of human's identity. Changes in language is not always from extrinsic factor but also the language has a natural motion and it changes based on society needs. This evolution is too slow and gradual. But the main reason of entrance foreign terms that is one of the important factors of language changes is by improvement of technology in the world that producing scientific and technical instrument in such a high speed that is innumerable. As these instruments and tools enter other countries, they also enter their commercial names and known with these names. Sometimes in translation the scientific books, translators can't find suitable equivalents and synonymous because of the abundant numbers of the technical terms and lack of time, so they enter the original terms and use them in their translation.
Investigation of the Effects of In-Service Training Courses on Awareness Level of Personnel of Petrochemical Company (Tondgooyagn) on the Base of Halton’s Model
Authors: Ahvazi Maryam Salamat , Omidian Faranak
Published: May 2015

The aim of present study is to investigate the effects of in-service training courses on awareness level of personnel Tondgooyan petrochemical site based on Halton pattern. The present study is applied in its objective and semi-experimental in method of data collection. In the present study, the researcher’s test is used in pre-test, post-test and questionnaire stages. Covariance analysis test was used to test the researcher’s questions. Validity of questions was verified through Pierson Correlation and their reliability was analyzed through Cronbach’s alpha. In present study, sampling method was used to collect the necessary data from employees and based on Morgan’s table, among 240 employees participating in training courses, 201 individuals were chosen but in order to avoid unfavorable decline, 220 employees were randomly chosen which led to collection of 202 completed questionnaires. Findings of present study, as presented in statistical analyses, showed the effectiveness of in-service training courses for stuff working in Tondgooyan petrochemical site in enhancing their learning based on Halton pattern.
Presentation a Conceptual Model to Explain Determinants of Breakthrough the Islamic Banking Marketing: A Managerial Perspective
Authors: Seyed-Javadin Seyed Reza , Raei Reza , Javad Iravani Mohammad , Safari Mohammad
Published: May 2015

Taking advantage of applications of marketing in the Islamic banking is a great opportunity for this area to gain competitive advantage in the today’s turbulent business and market. Specialized field of Islamic banking marketing is a subset of marketing management has received less attention and consideration. Islamic banking (IB) is one of the growing fields in the today's economy. To achieve more advancement in the IB it is necessary that recent findings of the other research and practical areas to be used and implemented. Scholars and experts believe that the market for Islamic banking has grown rapidly over the past few years, and this robust growth is expected to continue for the foreseeable future. In many markets, Islamic banking has evolved from being a niche offering into being part of the mainstream financial services landscape. Marketing capabilities can provide the convenient and required ground for the continued growth of Islamic banking. This study aimed at present a conceptual model to explain the determining factors to achieve the IB marketing from managerial perspective. Using a descriptive method this study tried to identify and present the main factors from managerial perspective that affected on the IB marketing. Proposed model and appropriated explanations have been provided in the paper.
Deconstructing Assumptions in A Jury of Her Peers
Authors: Zadeh Mohammad Reza Modarres
Published: May 2015

A Jury of Her Peers is truly a small masterpiece. Set in limited rural community, it reaches far back to eons of lost history. From the vivid dramatic scenes and from the heart of a feminine reticence embedded in them, it seems that a desperate cry against injustice toward women echoes. The Minnie Foster who we never meet has an imposing spiritual presence from start to end. Her pitiful silence seems to lament the dark shadow of cruelty and suffering which has overwhelmed of the life of despondent women throughout history. Following her final, desperate attempt to defend herself from being wholly crushed she is subdued by a burden heavier than that from which she had tried to escape. From the rough unsympathetic hands of a husband she is put under the glaring stare of cold uncaring law. What becomes of her remains unknown, just as the lament of her pitiful cry for justice remains unfulfilled.
Some Aspects of Economic Geographic Views at the Geological Makeup: The Case Northeastern Montenegro
Authors: Rajović Goran , Bulatović Jelisavka
Published: May 2015

This paper discusses some aspects of the economic and geographic look at the geological structure of northeastern Montenegro. The geological structure of part all three groups of rocks metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary. When viewing certain kinds of rock and emphasized their economic importance. The considered area has excellent possibilities for development of mining, particularly as Berane basin contains significant reserves of brown coal and lignite (176.231.197 tons). Since metallic materials have be discovered bearing the following metals: lead, zinc, copper, iron and pyrite. A deposit of non-metallic building materials: gravel, sand and decorative stone. Northeastern Montenegro has exceptional opportunities for the development of industry, whose focus should be about n Berane coal production in the basin, which would cause intense regrouping and integration of industrial enterprises, which would undoubtedly affect the entire economic life of the considered geographic space.
Gender in White-Collar Crime: An Empirical Study of Pink-Collar Criminals
Authors: Gottschalk Petter , Glasø Lars
Published: May 2015

White-collar crime is financial crime committed by white-collar criminals. Sensational white-collar crime cases regularly appear in the international business press and studies in journals of ethics and crime. This article is based on a sample of 255 convicted white-collar criminals in Norway from 2009 to 2012. Only 20 out of 255 white-collar criminals presented in Norwegian newspapers in the years from 2009 to 2012 were women. In the popular press, white-collar crime committed by women is sometimes labeled pink-collar crime. In this article, a number of reasons for this gender discrepance are discussed. Women’s access to organizational power structures is rising, but remains still limited. This is in line with opportunity theory. Women may have a greater sense of risk aversion rather than risk willingness, and women may more easily be perceived as victims of crime. However, It is very hard to believe that Norwegian men commit ten times more white-collar crime than Norwegian women, also because Norway is seen as a salient egalitarian country. Therefore, it is a question of whether the detection rate for female white-collar criminals is lower than for males. As a consequence, more attention should be paid to characteristics of female white-collar crime and criminals in future criminology research and law enforcement.
A Reading of Joseph Conrad's The Tale
Authors: Zadeh Mohammad Reza Modarres
Published: May 2015

The Tale is a short story by Joseph Conrad. Typical of a Conrad story it is set at sea. The sea is symbolic of the unconscious and this story may be read as a story of the unconscious. On the outside, it seems simple; a man tells a woman a tale of the commanding officer of a patrol ship who gives false directions to another ship and sends it to its doom. In between the lines of the seemingly simple plot, however, can be read another tale; one which speaks of a human sea deeper than the sea of water; deeper, darker, and infinitely more mysterious. Man has navigated the sea of water but the unfathomed sea of his own being remains, for the most part, undiscovered. This is a sea different from the sea of this world and Conrad sets sail on it by telling a tale from another world. Sailing with Conrad, the reader can look out on the infinite vastness and try to form a picture of the infinite depth of a sea which is not visible to the human eye.
Performance Management System in Maharatna Companies (A Leading Public Sector Undertaking) of India - A Case Study of B.H.E.L., Bhopal (M.P.)
Authors: Yadav Rajesh K. , Dabhade Nishant
Published: May 2015

Extensive changes in the global economy have made it imperative for the governments all over the world to improve the quality of their governance structures. The Government of India has also introduced the New Public Management concepts in public administration with emphasis on „results‟ or „performance‟ to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public services. This research aims to figure out the key variables that are having strong influence on Performance management system with special reference to BHEL, Bhopal (M.P.). Chi square test is applied in this paper to check the authenticity of data given by the respondents. We are also going to study the PM process, awareness level and satisfaction level of employees of BHEL and how the PM system affects the performance and career development of employees.
A Reading of Flannery O’Connors “Everything that Rises Must Converge”
Authors: Zadeh Mohammad Reza Modarres
Published: May 2015

Everything that rises must converge is a short story which, without the aid of suspense that is often provoked in fiction by actions hanging on a bare thread in a whirling plot of intertwining – and perhaps incredible – events, catches the reader‟s attention until the very last word. The plot of the story could not be any simpler; a young bachelor takes his overweight mother by bus to a „reducing class‟ but before they reach the place the mother changes her mind, heads back home, has a stroke and is left by her helpless son dying or maybe dead as he goes to seek help. But parallel to the plot of events is a “plot" of revelation; as the insignificantly banal happenings take place, an unfolding of character slowly emerges before the reader‟s eyes.
Role of Work-Family Conflict in Job Burnout: Support from the Banking Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Laeeque Syed Harris
Published: May 2015

The main aim of this study is to determine the relationship between work-family conflict (WFC) and job burnout experienced by an employee. This study follows a cross-sectional and quantitative approach. Self-administered, ordinal scale based questionnaires are used as an instrument to collect the responses from 200 respondents, working in the head offices of two private banks in Islamabad, Pakistan. Kendall tau-b rank correlation coefficient, linear regression and one-way ANOVA are employed for testing conceptual and mathematical model. The results of statistical analysis shows that both the domains of work-family conflict i.e. family interference with work and work interference with family, significantly and positively influence the job burnout of employees. Organizations must take an initiative to resolve the work-family conflict so that the employees devote their full capacity to work and also be able to meet their family requirements easily.
Margaret Atwood in the Second and Third Waves of Feminism on the Basis of Julia Kristeva’s Theories
Authors: Alaei Sarieh , Barfi Zahra
Published: May 2015

Although Margaret Atwood started writing in the second phase of feminism, some of her works show the features of the second and the third wave of feminism. It’s clear in Atwood’s Cat’s Eye. Elaine, protagonist of the novel, and other female characters indicate these features. Some of Atwood’s works imply Kristeva’s theories. Unlike the second wave of feminism, Julia Kristeva as a postmodern feminist rejects the distinction between sex and gender believing that these two terms respectively represent biology and culture which cannot be separated from each other. This idea can be examined in Margaret Atwood’s novel, Cat’s Eye, as a feature of the third wave of feminism. The authors of this article seek to analyze Atwood’s famous novel, Cat’s Eye, in the second and third waves of feminism based on Julia Kristeva’s theories.
Historiography in “Beginnings: Malcolm” by Amiri Baraka
Authors: Hosseini Maryam , Pirnajmuddin Hossein
Published: May 2015

This article discusses Aimiri Baraka‘s concern with the history of black people in his poem ―Beginnings: Malcolm‖. The writers try to shed some light on the way Baraka‘s historiography challenges the white supremecist discourses through a rewriting of the African American past that blurs the boundaries of myth and history, fact and fiction, in a postmodern manner. It is argued that through the use of the central African myth of Esu/Elegba and drawing on traditions of Christianity and Western literature/culture, Baraka‘s poem offers an uncanny insight into the past.
Florentin Smarandache: Law of Included Multiple-Middle - Book Review
Authors: Novak-Marcincin Jozef , Gîfu Daniela , Teodorescu Mirela
Published: May 2015

Florentin Smarandache is known as scientist and writer. He writes in three languages: Romanian, French, and English. He graduated the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science at the University of Craiova in 1979 first of his class, earned a Ph. D. in Mathematics from the State University Moldova at Kishinev in 1997, and continued postdoctoral studies at various American Universities such as University of Texas at Austin, University of Phoenix, etc. after emigration. He did post-doctoral researches at Okayama University of Science (Japan) between 12 December 2013 - 12 January 2014; at Guangdong University of Technology (Guangzhou, China), 19 May - 14 August 2012; at ENSIETA (National Superior School of Engineers and Study of Armament), Brest, France, 15 May - 22 July 2010; and for two months, June-July 2009, at Air Force Research Laboratory in Rome, NY, USA (under State University of New York Institute of Technology). In U.S.A. he worked as a software engineer for Honeywell (1990-1995), adjunct professor for Pima Community College (1995-1997), in 1997 Assistant Professor at the University of New Mexico, Gallup Campus, promoted to Associate Professor of Mathematics in 2003, and to Full Professor in 2008. Between 2007-2009 he was the Chair of Math & Sciences Department.
Relation of Corporate Governance with Financial Performance
Authors: Ahmad Naveed , Iqbal Nadeem , Tariq Muhammad Sulaman
Published: May 2015

The intention of the work is to prove that corporate governance is essential to uninterrupted operation of any corporation, while more consideration to the process such that governance. Hence it is transparent what is commonly intermediate by corporate governance. This work proves a link with the corporate governance and firm financial performance in insurance industry of Pakistan. It included three variables which are Audit committee independence, board independence and CEO duality for corporate governance. The degree of firm’s performance is limited by return on equity and asset. This work gives a positive direction for exploring this concept.
The Geo-Cultural and Geo-Linguistic Dimension of Media
Authors: Lami Roland
Published: May 2015

Besides the potential advancement of technology, the global and local communication is framing itself within bigger dimensions. The messages delivered by actual media means and the intensive exchange of experiences and ideas are conceived by the communication specialists as the most effective ways to configure the positions and therefore, are offering new models for solutions to challenges of the life. Under the influence of electronic media, highly urbanized areas like remote provinces and lost, suffer the impact of a communication process only, support on standardization, repeatability and homogeneity. This influence increases much more in terms of a social organization nonsolid and isolation relative to individuals. Also, under the influence of technology, communication transcends, institutional and legal barriers by providing to citizen unlimited messages in time and space. This dimension will be limited to some form of analysis within the Albanian-speaking scope. As we already know, some powerful media companies based in Tirana are dominating the Albanian-speaking trade, deploying a business with clear geo-cultural and geo-linguistic orientation. Precisely, these cultural products are having national nuances and are stimulating homogenous tendencies of the thought, “threatening” the cultural nuances of diverse social groups included in the communication process. The “center” that is producing linguistic and cultural standards is enforcing the “periphery”, inflicting the demonstration of nuances, dialects, mentalities and different points of view. This mode, cannot avoid hegemonic reproduction phenomenon due to the effect structuring speech by "mighty" you have the opportunity to deliver the and transmit it. Thereupon, social group, that has access to the media reaches impose cultural patterns off majority of the population.
Child Sacrifice: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Bukuluki Paul
Published: May 2015

The paper makes an effort to define, contextualise and present cases of child sacrifice and some of its drivers. It argues that child mutilation and sacrifice is not a myth but rather an emerging unfortunate reality in some communities in Uganda and other parts of Africa. The paper also presents the historical overview, theoretical, policy and programming implications of the phenomenon of child mutilation and sacrifice.
The African Conception of Sacrifice and its Relationship with Child Sacrifice
Authors: Bukuluki Paul , Mpyangu Christine Mbabazi
Published: May 2015

Although the practice of human sacrifice is not new in the mythology around sacrifice in Africa, the practice of child mutilation and sacrifice at least in Uganda was just spoken about as fairytale. However events that have unraveled since the late 1990s have shocked the country with real cases of children being mutilated and killed in the context of what is commonly referred to as child sacrifice in Uganda. This paper presents the “African” meaning of the concept sacrifice and how demonstrates how the in African religious theology disassociates itself from murder and mutilation of children‟s body parts as part of the rituals for healing, dealing misfortunes or even prevention of unfortunate events. There was consensus from our study participants that although historically, there has been human and child sacrifice in the African and Uganda cultural mythology, the actual practice of these vices is a new phenomenon, not recognized and accepted in indigenous/traditional religious theology and practice of African religion and culture.
Constructive-Feedback: An Educational District Forma Theory to Practice in ELF Teacher Education
Authors: Pourmandnia Delaram , Behfrouz Behnam
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study is to familiarize the readers with some key and basic issues about feedback which is an educational district these days, in a coherent and tangible manner. In this paper, through using relevant literature, issues such as teacher education, good language teaching constructive feedback, types of feedback and its effect on educational environment of language teachers are discussed.