bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of 100 sequential SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma donations
Authors: Jungbauer Christof , Weseslindtner Lukas , Weidner Lisa , Gänsdorfer Simon , Farcet Maria R. , Gschaider-Reichhart Eva , Kreil Thomas R.
Published: June 2020

Transfusion of SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma is a promising treatment for severe COVID-19 cases, with success of the intervention based on neutralizing antibody content. Measurement by serological correlates without biocontainment needs, and an understanding of donor characteristics that may allow for targeting of more potent donors would greatly facilitate effective collection.
Survival Analysis on Rare Events Using Group-Regularized Multi-Response Cox Regression
Authors: Li Ruilin , Tanigawa Yosuke , Justesen Johanne M. , Taylor Jonathan , Hastie Trevor , Tibshirani Robert , Rivas Manuel A.
Published: June 2020

We propose a Sparse-Group regularized Cox regression method to improve the prediction performance of large-scale and high-dimensional survival data with few observed events. Our approach is applicable when there is one or more other survival responses that 1. has a large number of observed events; 2. share a common set of associated predictors with the rare event response. This scenario is common in the UK Biobank (Sudlow et al. 2015) dataset where records for a large number of common and rare diseases of the same set of individuals are available. By analyzing these responses together, we hope to achieve higher prediction performance than when they are analyzed individually. To make this approach practical for large-scale data, we developed an accelerated proximal gradient optimization algorithm as well as a screening procedure inspired by Qian et al. (2019). We provide a software implementation of the proposed method and demonstrate its efficacy through simulations and applications to UK Biobank data.
Amyloid-beta mediates homeostatic synaptic plasticity
Authors: Galanis Christos , Fellenz Meike , Becker Denise , Bold Charlotte , Lichtenthaler Stefan F. , Müller Ulrike C. , Deller Thomas , Vlachos Andreas
Published: June 2020

The physiological role of the amyloid-precursor protein (APP) is insufficiently understood. Recent work has implicated APP in the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Substantial evidence exists for a role of APP and its secreted ectodomain APPsα in Hebbian plasticity. Here, we addressed the relevance of APP in homeostatic synaptic plasticity using organotypic tissue cultures ofAPP−/−mice. In the absence of APP, dentate granule cells failed to strengthen their excitatory synapses homeostatically. Homeostatic plasticity is rescued by amyloid-β (Aβ) and not by APPsα, and it is neither observed inAPP+/+tissue treated with β- or γ-secretase inhibitors nor in synaptopodin-deficient cultures lacking the Ca2+-dependent molecular machinery of the spine apparatus. Together, these results suggest a role of APP processing via the amyloidogenic pathway in homeostatic synaptic plasticity, representing a function of relevance for brain physiology as well as for brain states associated with increased Aβ levels.
Activation of mitochondria is an acute Akt-dependent response during osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Smith C. Owen , Eliseev Roman
Published: June 2020

Osteogenic differentiation, the process by which bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal (a.k.a. skeletal stem) cells and osteoprogenitors form osteoblasts, is a critical event for bone formation during development, fracture repair, and tissue maintenance. Extra- and intracellular signaling pathways triggering osteogenic differentiation are relatively well known; however, the ensuing change in cell energy metabolism is less clearly defined. Here we tested the effect of osteogenic media containing ascorbate and β-glycerol phosphate, or various osteogenic hormones and growth factors on energy metabolism in long bone (ST2)- and calvarial bone (MC3T3-E1)-derived osteoprogenitors. We show that osteogenic media, and differentiation factors, Wnt3a and BMP2, stimulate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) with little effect on glycolysis. The activation of OxPhos occurs acutely, suggesting a metabolic signaling change rather than protein expression change. To this end, we found that the observed mitochondrial activation is Akt-dependent. Akt is activated by osteogenic media, Wnt3a, and BMP2, leading to increased phosphorylation of various mitochondrial Akt targets, a phenomenon known to stimulate OxPhos. In sum, our data provide comprehensive analysis of cellular bioenergetics during osteoinduction in cells of two different origins (mesenchyme vs neural crest) and identify Wnt3a and BMP2 as physiological stimulators of mitochondrial respiration via Akt activation.
Relational governance in supply chain: a systematic literature review
Authors: Bonatto Franciele , de Resende Luis Mauricio Martins , Pontes Joseane
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The goal of this research is to establish which contextual factors influence the selection of relational governance instruments in supply chains (SCs) and how these factors impact the expected performance.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review (SLR) identified 103 conceptual, empirical and analytical studies between 2007 and 2017.

Findings

A conceptual framework is developed from the categorization of contextual factors, relational governance instruments and expected SC performance. The conceptual framework provides three propositions: (1) The choice for relational governance instrument is influenced differently by the contextual factors; (2) the impact that the contextual factors have on the governance instruments and SC performance is mediated by trust; (3) The SC performance is affected differently by the instruments of flexibility, solidarity and information sharing.

Practical implications

The findings of this research can help business managers better govern and know the contextual factors and use different relational governance instruments and trust dimensions to drive the expected results of the SC.

Originality/value

The synthesis reveals contingencies of relational governance instruments in SCs for performance expected in different contexts and proposes a standpoint for further research in the area.
Putting the entrepreneur back into entrepreneurial ecosystems
Authors: Lux Andrei Alexander , Macau Flávio Romero , Brown Kerry Ann
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This paper extends entrepreneurial ecosystems theory by testing how aspects of the local business environment affect individual entrepreneurs' ability to translate their personal resources into firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 223 business owners across Australia. Moderation hypotheses were tested using multiple hierarchical regression and confirmed with the Preacher and Hayes (2004) bootstrapping method.

Findings

The results show that business owners' psychological capital, social capital and entrepreneurial education directly affect their individual firm performance. These positive relations are moderated by specific aspects of the business environment, such that they are stronger when the environment is more favorable.

Originality/value

This study puts individual business owners back into entrepreneurial ecosystems theory and explains how they can make the most of their personal resources, suggesting a complex interplay where one size does not fit all. Far-reaching practical implications for policymakers are discussed.
Classical and Bayesian estimation of stress-strength reliability of a component having multiple states
Authors: K C Siju , Kumar Mahesh , Beer Michael
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This article presents the multi-state stress-strength reliability computation of a component having three states namely, working, deteriorating and failed state.

Design/methodology/approach

The probabilistic approach is used to obtain the reliability expression by considering the difference between the values of stress and strength of a component, say, for example, the stress (load) and strength of a power generating unit is in terms of megawatt. The range of values taken by the difference variable determines the various states of the component. The method of maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation is used to obtain the estimators of the parameters and system reliability.

Findings

The maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimates of the reliability approach the actual reliability for increasing sample size.

Originality/value

Obtained a new expression for the multi-state stress-strength reliability of a component and the findings are positively supported by presenting the general trend of estimated values of reliability approaching the actual value of reliability.
Antihypertensive effect of carvacrol is improved after incorporation in β‐cyclodextrin as a drug delivery system
Authors: Barreto da Silva Liliane , Camargo Samuel Barbosa , Moraes Raiana dos Anjos , Medeiros Carla Fiama , Jesus Anderson de Melo , Evangelista Afrânio , Villarreal Cristiane Flora , Quintans‐Júnior Lucindo José , Silva Darízy Flávia
Published: June 2020

Carvacrol (CARV), has been shown to possess various pharmacological properties, especially in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated the antihypertensive effect of the CARV free and encapsulation of CARV in β‐cyclodextrin (CARV/β‐CD), and whether CARV/β‐CD is able to improve the antihypertensive effects of CARV free in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The rats were randomly divided into four groups, each treated daily for 21 days and the mean arterial pressure and heart rate was measured every 5 days: group 1, Wistar‐vehicle solution; group 2, SHR‐vehicle; group 3, SHR‐CARV 50 mg/kg/d; and group 4, CARV/β‐CD 50 mg/kg/d. After 21 days of treatment, the mesenteric artery from treated animals was tested for phenylephrine (Phe) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) sensitivity. In addition, administration of CARV/β‐CD induced important antihypertensive activity when compared with the uncomplexed form, reducing the progression of arterial hypertension in SHR. Moreover, pharmacological potency to Phe in the SHR‐CARV and CARV/β‐CD groups was increased, approaching values expressed in the Wistar‐vehicle. Furthermore, CARV/β‐CD reduced the production of the pro‐inflammatory mediator, IL‐1β, and increased anti‐inflammatory cytokine, IL‐10. Together, these results produced evidence that the encapsulation of CARV in β‐CD can improve cardiovascular activity, showing potential anti‐inflammatory and antihypertensive effects.
Phylogeny and life cycle of the zoonotic pathogen Vibrio vulnificus
Authors: Hernández‐Cabanyero Carla , Amaro Carmen
Published: June 2020

Vibrio vulnificus is a zoonotic pathogen able to cause diseases in humans and fish that occasionally result in sepsis and death. Most reviews about this pathogen (including those related to its ecology) are clearly biased towards its role as a human pathogen, emphasizing its relationship with oysters as its main reservoir, the role of the known virulence factors as well as the clinic and the epidemiology of the human disease. This review tries to give to the reader a wider vision of the biology of this pathogen covering aspects related to its phylogeny and evolution and filling the gaps in our understanding of the general strategies that V. vulnificus uses to survive outside and inside its two main hosts, the human and the eel, and how its response to specific environmental parameters determines its survival, its death, or the triggering of an infectious process.
Accuracy of imaging modalities for adnexal torsion: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wattar B , Rimmer M , Rogozinska E , Macmillian M , Khan KS , Al Wattar BH
Published: June 2020

Background

Adnexal torsion (AT), a serious gynaecological emergency, often presents with non‐specific symptoms leading to delayed diagnosis.

Objective

To compare the test accuracy of ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose AT.

Search strategy

We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane CENTRAL until December 2019.

Selection criteria

Studies reporting on the accuracy of any imaging modality (Index Test) in female patients (paediatric and adult) suspected of AT compared with surgical diagnosis and/or standard clinical/radiological follow‐up period until resolution of symptoms (Reference Standard).

Data collection and analysis

We assessed study quality using QUADAS‐2. We conducted test accuracy meta‐analysis using a univariate model or a hierarchical model.

Main results

We screened 3836 citations, included 18 studies (1654 women, 665 cases), and included 15 in the meta‐analyses. Ultrasound pooled sensitivity (n = 12, 1187 women) was 0.79 (95% CI 0.63–0.92) and specificity was 0.76 (95% CI 0.54–0.93), with negative and positive likelihood ratios of 0.29 (95% CI 0.13–0.66) and 4.35 (95% CI 2.03–9.32), respectively. Using Doppler with ultrasound (n = 7, 845 women) yielded similar sensitivity (0.80, 95% CI 0.67–0.93) and specificity (0.88, 95% CI 0.72–1.00). For MRI (n = 3, 99 women), the pooled sensitivity was 0.81 (95% CI 0.63–0.91) and specificity was 0.91 (95% CI 0.80–0.96). A meta‐analysis for CT was not possible with two case‐control studies and one cohort study (n = 3, 232 women). Its sensitivity range was 0.74–0.95 and specificity was 0.80–0.90.

Conclusions

Ultrasound has good performance as a first‐line diagnostic test for suspected AT. Magnetic resonance imaging could offer improved specificity to investigate complex ovarian morphology, but more evidence is needed.

Tweetable abstract

To investigate adnexal torsion, ultrasound is a good first‐line diagnostic test with a pooled sensitivity of 0.79 and specificity of 0.76.
The 2018 Guidelines for Initial IFT Approval of undergraduate food science and food technology programs
Authors: Santau Alexandra O. , MacDonald Ruth S. , Roberts Robert R.
Published: June 2020

IFT Approval of undergraduate food science and technology programs has continued to evolve since its inception in the 1960s. This report provides rationale and outlines key changes in the latest revisions of the IFT Approval Guidelines that were approved by the IFT Board of Directors in 2018. The 2018 Guidelines retained the previously established outcomes‐based assessment model, but includes changes to Program Goals, redefined Standards, and measurable Essential Learning Outcomes. In addition, this report describes a new online submission platform. The report also provides insights into the training and review systems employed by the Higher Education Review Board.
Chemical Imaging of Human Fingermark by X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
Authors: Erdoğan Ayşegül , Esen Meral , Simpson Robin
Published: June 2020

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a widely used technique to characterize the surface chemistry of materials. It plays a crucial role in accessing qualitative and quantitative information and in detecting the presence of chemical functional groups on the surface of any material. The forensic methods available to detect and identify elements and organic/inorganic compounds are often destructive, so evidence cannot be re‐analyzed. However, XPS allows rapid analysis of samples without damaging them. Recently, an increasing number of forensic researchers have begun to study certain chemical information on fingermarks. In this study, the authors aimed to present the applicability and power of XPS imaging in fingermark analysis which can also provide specific information about the fingermark chemical composition. Herein, monochromated X‐ray (Al Kα) spot size was fixed at 50 μm. XPS mapping resulted in the acquisition of spectra at each pixel, in an array of 41 × 30 pixels with a step size of 50 μm. Then, a simple discussion has been made about how the scanned surface spectrum and basic snapshot spectra are used to identify different components at a fingertip of a scanned surface area (~3 mm2). Hence, a fingermark pattern contaminated with caffeine, TiO2, and Pb/PbO deposited on the silicon wafer can be chemically mapped and visualized by XPS using principal component analysis (PCA). Thus, the present study showed the possible applicability of XPS for the identification of illicit drugs of abuse, gunshot residue, and skin care products on latent fingermark by mimicking a crime scene evidence.
Increased nitrogen fertilization inhibits the biocontrol activity promoted by the intercropping partner plant
Authors: Wang Leyun , Cui Hongying , Chang Xinyue , Zhu Mengmeng , Zhao Zihua
Published: June 2020

The examination of the compatibility between agricultural practices and biocontrol activities is crucial for establishing an efficient, eco‐friendly, and sustainable pest management program. In this study, we examined the population dynamics of two specialist aphids, the English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) on potted wheat and the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) on potted alfalfa, as well as the biocontrol activity of a generalist predator, the harlequin ladybird beetle (Harmonia axyridis). We investigated their responses to the presence of the intercropping partner plant species (alfalfa and wheat, respectively) through plant volatiles or visual cues at three nitrogen fertilizer levels in a greenhouse. In the absence of the predator, the English grain aphid population growth rate increased significantly with increasing nitrogen levels, whereas the pea aphid population increased significantly more slowly in response to high nitrogen levels. The English grain aphid and pea aphid population dynamics were unaffected by the presence of the intercropping partner. However, the presence of the intercropping partner enhanced the control of both aphid populations by the harlequin ladybird beetle. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer levels decreased the predation rates, which were otherwise increased by the intercropping partner. The beneficial effects of the intercropping partner were eventually non‐existent at the highest nitrogen level tested. These results imply that the interaction between the presence of intercropping partner and the nitrogen fertilizer application affects the biocontrol activity of the natural enemies of insect pests. Thus, the compatibility between agricultural intensification and biocontrol strategies in integrated pest management programs need to be investigated.
Heat tolerance may determine activity time in coprophagic beetle species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Gotcha Nonofo , Machekano Honest , Cuthbert Ross N. , Nyamukondiwa Casper
Published: June 2020

Although reports have documented loss of species diversity and ecological services caused by stressful temperature changes that result from climate change, some species cope through behavioral compensation. As temperatures and magnitudes of temperature extremes increase, animals should compensate to maintain fitness (such as through temporary behavioral shifts in activity times). Appropriate timing of activity helps avoid competition across species. Although coprophagic dung beetles exhibit species‐specific temporal activity times, it is unknown whether temperature drives evolution of these species‐specific temporal activity times. Using nine dung beetle species (three each of diurnal, crepuscular, and nocturnal species), we explored differences in heat stress tolerance measured as critical thermal maxima (CTmax; the highest temperature allowing activity) and heat knockdown time (HKDT; survival time under acute heat stress) across these species, and examined the results using a phylogenetically informed approach. Our results showed that day‐active species had significantly higher CTmax (diurnal > crepuscular = nocturnal species), whereas crepuscular species had higher HKDT (crepuscular > nocturnal > diurnal species). There was no correlation between heat tolerance and body size across species with distinct temporal activity, and no significant phylogenetic constraint for activity. Species with higher CTmax did not necessarily have higher HKDT, which indicates that species may respond differently to diverse heat tolerance metrics. Acute heat tolerance for diurnal beetles indicates that this trait may constrain activity time and, under high acute temperatures with climate change, species may shift activity times in more benign environments. These results contribute to elucidate the evolution of foraging behavior and management of coprophagic beetle ecosystem services under changing environments.
Effect of extrusion conditions on the anthocyanin content, functionality, and pasting properties of obtained nixtamalized blue corn flour (Zea mays L.) and process optimization
Authors: Menchaca‐Armenta Mariela , Ramírez‐Wong Benjamín , Torres‐Chávez Patricia I. , Quintero‐Ramos Armando , Ledesma‐Osuna Ana I. , Frutos María J. , Gutiérrez‐Dorado Roberto , Campas‐Baypoli Olga N. , Morales‐Rosas Ignacio
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extrusion factors on the properties of extruded nixtamalized corn flours (ENCFs), determine the optimal conditions, and produce a tortilla with texture and nutraceutical characteristics acceptable for consumers. The processing factors used were feed moisture (FM, 15 to 30%), extruder temperature (T, 70 to 110 °C), and screw speed (SS, 50 to 145 rpm). The properties evaluated in the flours were total anthocyanins (TA), subjective water absorption capacity, and peak viscosity (PV). Response surface methodology and analysis of variance were used in the evaluation. The linear and quadratic terms of FM had a greater effect on all evaluated parameters. The optimization was performed using the numerical method of global desirability. The response variables that were optimized in the ENCF were TAs (maximize) and PV (maximize). The optimal region was the following: FM (18.17%), T (92.03 °C), and SS (76.61 rpm). The experimental value for the TA in the optimized ENCF was 226.07 mg/kg, and the PV was 1063.9 cP. The results of this study could help develop nixtamalized corn flours with desirable characteristics to make tortillas using the extrusion process.

Practical Application

The results obtained would be useful for the tortilla industry, developing nixtamalized corn flours with desirable characteristics to make healthy tortillas using the extrusion process, with minimum losses in biologically active compounds such as anthocyanins (health promoters) without affect negatively the eating quality of the product (good texture).
Academic Emergency Medicine Physicians' Anxiety Levels, Stressors, and Potential Stress Mitigation Measures During the Acceleration Phase of the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Rodriguez Robert M. , Medak Anthony J. , Baumann Brigitte M. , Lim Stephen , Chinnock Brian , Frazier Remi , Cooper Richelle J.
Published: June 2020

Objective

The objective was to assess anxiety and burnout levels, home life changes, and measures to relieve stress of U.S. academic emergency medicine (EM) physicians during the COVID‐19 pandemic acceleration phase.

Methods

We sent a cross‐sectional e‐mail survey to all EM physicians at seven academic emergency departments. The survey incorporated items from validated stress scales and assessed perceptions and key elements in the following domains: numbers of suspected COVID‐19 patients, availability of diagnostic testing, levels of home and workplace anxiety, severity of work burnout, identification of stressors, changes in home behaviors, and measures to decrease provider anxiety.

Results

A total of 426 (56.7%) EM physicians responded. On a scale of 1 to 7 (1 = not at all, 4 = somewhat, and 7 = extremely), the median (interquartile range) reported effect of the pandemic on both work and home stress levels was 5 (4–6). Reported levels of emotional exhaustion/burnout increased from a prepandemic median (IQR) of 3 (2–4) to since the pandemic started a median of 4 (3–6), with a difference in medians of 1.8 (95% confidence interval = 1.7 to 1.9). Most physicians (90.8%) reported changing their behavior toward family and friends, especially by decreasing signs of affection (76.8%). The most commonly cited measures cited to alleviate stress/anxiety were increasing personal protective equipment (PPE) availability, offering rapid COVID‐19 testing at physician discretion, providing clearer communication about COVID‐19 protocol changes, and assuring that physicians can take leave for care of family and self.

Conclusions

During the acceleration phase, the COVID‐19 pandemic has induced substantial workplace and home anxiety in academic EM physicians, and their exposure during work has had a major impact on their home lives. Measures cited to decrease stress include enhanced availability of PPE, rapid turnaround testing at provider discretion, and clear communication about COVID‐19 protocol changes.
Effectiveness of the WeChat‐based smoking cessation intervention (‘WeChat WeQuit’ program) in China: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liao Yanhui , Wang Yunfei , Liu Yueheng , McNeill Ann , Tang Jinsong
Published: June 2020

Background and aims

Since its first release in 2011, WeChat (Chinese pinyin: Wei Xin) has been widely used to promote health. As the most popular all‐in‐one social media application providing free instant messaging, voice, text, pictures, videos and location information exchange via smartphone, WeChat holds promise for delivering smoking cessation services to a large number of people at low unit cost in China, a country with more than 300 million smokers. This protocol is for a study that aims to assess the efficacy of a WeChat‐based smoking cessation intervention (‘WeChat WeQuit’) for treatment‐seeking smokers in China.

Design

In this two‐arm randomized controlled trial (RCT), the control group will receive only a digital version of a booklet of ‘Happy Quit’. The intervention group will also receive the 2 weeks pre‐ and 12 weeks post‐quit ‘WeChat WeQuit’ intervention. Both groups will be followed‐up to 26 weeks (6 months) after quit day.

Setting

This on‐line trial has no restrictions on setting or location.

Participants

Chinese‐speaking current smokers (have smoked ≥100 cigarettes in their life‐time and currently smoke cigarettes) aged 18+ years willing to make a quit attempt within 1 month (n = 2000) will be recruited by on‐ and off‐line advertising. Potential participants will register their interest by sending WeChat messages or text messages, or making a voice call.

Measurements

The primary outcome measure is self‐reported 26‐week continuous smoking abstinence with biological verification [test by clinic visit: expired carbon monoxide concentration <10 parts per million (p.p.m.) or by mailing cotinine urine dipsticks: urine cotinine <200 ng/ml]. Secondary outcome measures include: 7‐day point prevalence abstinence at weeks 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26 after‐quit day; self‐reported 12‐week continuous smoking abstinence and 26‐week continuous smoking abstinence; reductions in number of cigarettes smoked per day; and rates of participation in and completion of the smoking‐cessation program.

Conclusions

If the ‘WeChat WeQuit’ program is found to be effective, it will be an accessible, affordable and widely implementable intervention to help cigarette smokers to quit. The potential public health impact of its expansion into underserved regions or communities is considerable.
Coronal Bacterial Penetration after 7 days in class II endodontic access cavities restored with two temporary restorations: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Shanmugam Sandhya , PradeepKumar Angambakkam Rajasekaran , Abbott Paul Vincent , Periasamy Ravishankar , Velayutham Gopikrishna , Krishnamoorthy Sridevi , Mahalakshmi Krishnan
Published: June 2020

The aim of this in vivo randomised clinical trial was to assess coronal bacterial penetration after placement of Cavit G and IRM temporary restorations in Class II endodontic access cavities. After completion of endodontic treatment, placement of an orifice seal and disinfection of the operating field, sterile cotton pellets were placed in the pulp chamber and the cavities were restored with Cavit G or IRM. After 7 days, coronal and proximal restoration thickness was measured by digital radiographs. Cotton pellet was evaluated by culture methods and polymerase chain reaction assay and bacterial species identified. Bacterial growth was observed in 5 of the 27 (18%) Cavit G samples and in 11 of the 27 (40%) IRM samples which was not significant. Coronal restoration thickness of 4–5 mm and proximal restoration thickness of more than 2.15 mm for Cavit G and 2.35 mm for IRM are recommended to prevent bacterial penetration over 7 days. Adequate restoration thickness is critical to prevent bacterial penetration.
‘That might be a bit sexy for somebody your age’: Older adult sexual health conversations in primary care
Authors: Malta Sue , Temple‐Smith Meredith , Bickerstaffe Adrian , Bourchier Louise , Hocking Jane
Published: June 2020

Background

Many older adults are sexually active, and STIs are rising amongst this cohort. In primary care, sexual health discussions are limited as health‐care practitioners commonly assume older patients aged 60+ are not sexually active or are unwilling to discuss sex. Studies have either examined patient or clinician views, but not both.

Objective

This study investigates sexual health discussions in general practice. It is unique in that it sought perspectives of different groups: older patients, health‐care professionals and key informants.

Results

Qualitative interviews revealed that older patients expect clinicians to bring up sexual concerns, whereas clinicians prefer older patients to do so. A simple electronic solution to circumvent this impasse was suggested and discussed.

Conclusions

Older adults would like to discuss sexual concerns with their health‐care providers. Given the rising rates of STIs in later life, sexual health discussions with older patients must become part of routine care.
Pharmacoepidemiology of medications omitted in New Zealand Residential Aged Care Homes
Authors: Garratt Stephanie M. , Kerse Ngaire M. , Peri Kathryn , Jonas Monique F. , Scahil Shane L.
Published: June 2020

Objective

To investigate the dispensing, administration and omission of medications in residential aged care (RAC) homes in New Zealand (NZ).

Methods

Secondary data from a medication management database were analysed, to identify the most frequently omitted regular medications and commonly reported reasons for omissions in a sample of 11 015 residents across 374 RAC homes.

Results

Overall, 3.59 medication doses were omitted per 100 (±7.4) prescribed doses per resident (SD 7.43). Common regular medications omitted ranged from analgesics to psychotropic medications. Recording of justifications for medication omissions was inconsistent—only 48% of omissions had a recorded reason.

Conclusions

A wide range of medications are regularly prescribed and administered to RAC home residents in NZ. Omitted doses are frequently recorded without a justification. Inconsistent recording of omissions can increase potential for error, particularly in relation to psychotropic medications. More consistent recording may help staff to maintain a high standard of quality care.
Faster waning of the rubella‐specific immune response in young pregnant women immunized with MMR at 15 months
Authors: Kung Wan‐Ju , Shih Ching‐Tang , Shih Yung‐Luen , Liu Ling‐Yao , Wang Chiou‐Huey , Cheng Ya‐Wen , Liu Hsueh‐Chiao , Lin Ching‐Chiang
Published: June 2020

Problem

Vaccination is the best protection against rubella and congenital rubella infection. Although a high rate of immunization coverage is achieved in Taiwan, it is unknown if the vaccine‐induced immunity persists from the age of vaccination to childbearing age.

Methods of study

A total of 5,988 prenatal rubella IgG test results of young pregnant women aged 19‐23 years old from six hospitals during January 2001 to December 2008 and January 2013 to December 2017 were analyzed. We compared the rubella seropositivity rates and titers in these women who were vaccinated with MMR vaccine in four different vaccination age cohorts.

Results

The overall rubella seropositivity rate was 87.4% (95% CI: 86.6%‐88.3%), and the mean rubella IgG level was 39 IU/mL among young pregnant women aged 19‐23 years. Women in the elementary cohort had the highest rubella positivity of 90.8% (95% CI: 89.6%‐91.9%), and levels gradually decrease to 84.6% (95% CI: 82.4%‐86.7%) in 15‐month plus cohort. The average rubella IgG was only 25 IU/mL for the 15‐month plus cohort. Women in cohorts immunized at younger age exhibited significantly lower chances of being seropositive relative to women in older cohort after adjusting other factors (all P < .01).

Conclusion

The rubella seropositivity rate and rubella IgG levels were low among young women aged 19‐23 years, especially in cohorts immunized at younger age. As rubella immunity wanes over time, a third dose of MMR may be a protective strategy for women who conceive later in life.
Evaluation of anterior chamber angle by van Herick grading and ultrasound biomicroscopy in light and dark conditions for finding appositional angle closure and plateau iris configuration
Authors: Uejyo Chiharu , Henzan Ichiko Medoruma , Nakamura Yuko , Ishikawa Shusaku , Sakai Hiroshi , Sawaguchi Shoichi , Kumar Rajesh S. , Iwase Aiko , Tomidokoro Atsuo , Araie Makoto
Published: June 2020

Purpose

To evaluate association of the van Herick (VH) grades with the ultrasound biomicroscopic (UBM) parameters, appositional irido‐trabecular contact (A‐ITC) and plateau iris (PI) in a randomly sampled population.

Methods

A 10% random sample of all residents aged 40 or older of the Kumejima study underwent UBM under dark and light conditions in the four quadrants of right eyes.

Results

Of 301 right eyes with eligible UBM images, 101 (33.6%) and 200 (66.4%) were classified as VH ≤ 2 and VH ≥ 3, respectively. The UBM parameters on angle width and ciliary body configuration were significantly different between VH ≤ 2 and VH ≥ 3 eyes (p < 0.001). A‐ITC was found in at least one quadrant in 54.5% and 75.2% of VH ≤ 2 eyes under light and dark conditions, respectively; and 20.5% and 45.5% of VH ≥ 3 eyes. When ‘VH ≤ 2’ was used to screen eyes with A‐ITC in three or more quadrants, the sensitivity and specificity were 74.1% and 75.3%, respectively. A‐ITC was significantly associated with shallower anterior chamber (p = 0.018) and higher intraocular pressure (p = 0.044) in VH ≥ 3 eyes. Plateau iris (PI) was found in 15.8% and 6.0% of VH ≤ 2 and VH ≥ 3 eyes, respectively. Plateau iris (PI) was significantly associated with the UBM parameters on angle width and ciliary body configuration. When ‘VH ≤ 2’ was used to screen eyes with PI, the sensitivity and specificity were 57.1% and 68.9%, respectively.

Conclusions

The VH grade of ≤2 and ≥3 showed significant association with UBM angle width and ciliary body configuration parameters. The VH ≤ 2 criterion should be useful for screening of A‐ITC and PI.
Renal length z‐score for the detection of dysfunction in children with solitary functioning kidney
Authors: Restrepo Jaime M. , Torres‐Canchala Laura , Viáfara Lina M. , Agredo Maria A. , Quintero Ana M. , Filler Guido
Published: June 2020

Aim

To evaluate whether renal length z‐scores predict renal dysfunction in children with a solitary functioning kidney (SFK).

Methods

In a single‐centre retrospective cohort of children with SFK, we correlated body mass index z‐scores, extracellular volume and lean body mass to renal length z‐scores. We grouped these z‐scores to other markers of renal dysfunction (proteinuria, hypertension, extracellular volume and abnormal estimated glomerular function rate [eGFR]) and analysed renal length z‐score with multivariate analysis, receiver‐operated characteristics (ROC) plots and Youden's index to determine an appropriate cut‐off.

Results

111 children had a median follow‐up 5.08 years, eGFR 80.8 mL/min/1.73 m2, and age at last follow‐up 7.4 (3.8‐13.4 years). The median renal length z‐scores of those without any renal dysfunction (n = 37, 25.1%) were greater (+3.66, interquartile range 3.02‐4.47) than those with renal dysfunction (median 3.11, interquartile range 1.76‐4.11, P = .0107, Mann‐Whitney test). Using a cut‐off of z‐score of >+1.911, the odds ratio for having no renal dysfunction was 0.07 (95% CI 0.002‐0.459, P = .0010). However, accuracy of the renal length z‐score was poor (ROC curve 0.6488).

Conclusion

In this cohort of children with SKF, using the renal length z‐score as a biomarker of renal dysfunction at 7 years of age is not recommended.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia predicted at birth by artificial intelligence
Authors: Verder Henrik , Heiring Christian , Ramanathan Rangasamy , Scoutaris Nikolaos , Verder Povl , Jessen Torben E. , Höskuldsson Agnar , Bender Lars , Dahl Marianne , Eschen Christian , Fenger‐Grøn Jesper , Reinholdt Jes , Smedegaard Heidi , Schousboe Peter
Published: June 2020

Aim

To develop a fast bedside test for prediction and early targeted intervention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) to improve the outcome.

Methods

In a multicentre study of preterm infants with gestational age 24‐31 weeks, clinical data present at birth were combined with spectral data of gastric aspirate samples taken at birth and analysed using artificial intelligence. The study was designed to develop an algorithm to predict development of BPD. The BPD definition used was the consensus definition of the US National Institutes of Health: Requirement of supplemental oxygen for at least 28 days with subsequent assessment at 36 weeks postmenstrual age.

Results

Twenty‐six (43%) of the 61 included infants developed BPD. Spectral data analysis of the gastric aspirates identified the most important wave numbers for classification and surfactant treatment, and birth weight and gestational age were the most important predictive clinical data. By combining these data, the resulting algorithm for early diagnosis of BPD had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 91%.

Conclusion

A point‐of‐care test to predict subsequent development of BPD at birth has been developed using a new software algorithm allowing early targeted intervention of BPD which could improve the outcome.
Pre‐Hispanic gold pieces of an enigmatic archaeological finding in Medellín, Colombia: A glance at an archaeometric analysis
Authors: Fabián‐Salvador J. , Diez J. P. , Aristizabal R. , Enzo S. , Arnache O.
Published: June 2020

The study analysed pre‐Hispanic gold objects found within a surprising archaeological finding of a structure that likely served as a funeral pyre in Medellín, Colombia.14C analyses of the site's organic materials dated the structure to the fifth centuryce. The metal objects were subjected to X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF), scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM‐EDX), density measurement by the Archimedes method, and metallographic analysis. The measurements by EDXRF and SEM‐EDX showed that the pieces were composed mostly gold and silver. The XRD results indicated that the microstructure of the objects corresponded to a single phase of gold and silver. The images obtained by the metallographic microscope showed equiaxial grains with some twins, a structure consistent with annealed metals. The different colours observed correspond to different grain orientations. Pre‐Hispanic objects from a second archaeological site in the municipality of Amalfi (Department of Antioquia) were also analysed for comparative purposes. The results showed that the gold objects were not subjected to any alloying process, but were instead manipulated in their original form (native gold). The shape of the objects and their microstructural results suggested that the pieces were manufactured by casting, mechanical deformation and then annealing.
Prevalence of dental and mandibular disorders in culled sheep in Spain
Authors: Ruiz de Arcaute M , Ferrer LM , Lacasta D , González JM , De las Heras M , Borobia M , Ramos JJ
Published: June 2020

At the slaughterhouse, 1465 culled sheep heads were studied in order to identify disorders of the mandibular cheek teeth. Of these, 227 (15.5%) had evidence of osteomyelitis. The lesional profile showed that the mandible was affected in a similar proportion on both sides (46.7% on the right side vs 50.7% on the left side), mainly in the middle region (55.3%) and with most of the lesions closed without fistulisation (89.4%). In addition, swelling was palpable, with an increase in thickness in the area of the affected body (2.65 ± 0.065 cm vs 1.74 ± 0.030 cm). In 78.6% of the animals, the regional lymph nodes were enlarged. Concerning the mandibular cheek teeth, more than half of the animals lacked at least one tooth (57.0%), with the first premolar being the most frequently missing tooth (34.8%) and the third molar the least (8.2%). The impaction of food around the teeth was very common with the posterior molars being more frequently affected. In the knowledge of the authors, this is the first study that analyses the prevalence of mandibular molar and premolar disorders in sheep, and these are revealed as an important condition affecting culled sheep.
Scalable Bayesian matrix normal graphical models for brain functional networks
Authors: Kundu Suprateek , Risk Benjamin B.
Published: June 2020

Recently, there has been an explosive growth in graphical modeling approaches for estimating brain functional networks. In a detailed study, we show that surprisingly, standard graphical modeling approaches for fMRI data may not yield accurate estimates of the brain network due to the inability to suitably account for temporal correlations. We propose a novel Bayesian matrix normal graphical model that jointly models the temporal covariance and the brain network under a separable structure for the covariance to obtain improved estimates. The approach is implemented via an efficient optimization algorithm that computes the maximum‐a‐posteriori network estimates having desirable theoretical properties and which is scalable to high dimensions. The proposed method leads to substantial gains in network estimation accuracy compared to standard brain network modeling approaches as illustrated via extensive simulations. We apply the method to resting state fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project involving a large number of time scans and brain regions, to study the relationships between fluid intelligence and functional connectivity, where it is not computationally feasible to apply existing matrix normal graphical models. Our proposed approach led to the detection of differences in connectivity between high and low fluid intelligence groups, whereas these differences were less pronounced or absent using the graphical lasso.
Students’ multidimensional profiles of math engagement: Predictors and outcomes from a self‐system motivational perspective
Authors: Miller Chyna J. , Perera Harsha N. , Maghsoudlou Alireza
Published: June 2020

Background

Math engagement research has been largely limited to examining the unique and additive relations of engagement dimensions with outcomes. However, an emerging perspective is that students may simultaneously invest varying degrees of their distinct energetic resources (e.g., cognitive vs. emotional) in their interactions with the math learning environment.

Aims

Adopting a person‐centred perspective, we examined unique latent subpopulations of adolescents’ multidimensional math engagement. Importantly, we did so while accounting for generality and specificity in engagement data, including general engagement and specific cognitive, emotional, and social engagement dimensions. Additionally, we examined students’ math self‐efficacy, outcome expectations, and gender as predictors, and math achievement indices as outcomes, of profile membership.

Sample

The sample comprised 400 Australian school students taking mandatory math classes.

Methods

Data on students’ multidimensional engagement, math self‐efficacy, math outcome expectations, and demographic characteristics were collected at the beginning of the academic semester. Standardized test scores and class grades were retrieved at the end of the semester.

Results

Latent profile analyses, based on preliminary bifactor exploratory structural equation models intended to tease apart generality from specificity in engagement data, revealed ‘Minimally Engaged’, ‘Emotionally Disengaged’, and ‘Moderately‐to‐Highly Engaged’ profiles. Additionally, math self‐efficacy, outcome expectations, and gender were found to predict the likelihood of profile membership. Finally, class grades, but not standardized test scores, were found to significantly differ across the profiles, accounting for prior achievement, gender, and grade level.

Conclusions

The findings replicate previous work that has shown profiles of student engagement and extend this work by (1) accounting for known generality and specificity in engagement data and (2) obtaining evidence for relations of profile membership with gender, self‐beliefs, and achievement.
Heterogeneous agroecosystems support high diversity and abundance of trap‐nesting bees and wasps among tropical crops
Authors: Coutinho Jeferson G. E. , Angel‐Coca Catalina , Boscolo Danilo , Viana Blandina F.
Published: June 2020

Land‐use intensification for agricultural purposes modifies the structure of natural environments in various ways and at different spatial scales. These modifications can affect ecological processes and the community structure of multi‐environment users such as solitary bees and wasps. Understanding the role of distinct habitat descriptors in promoting such changes is one of the major challenges of empirical studies. In this study, we use a multi‐scale approach to evaluate how landscape compositional and configurational heterogeneity, vegetation structural complexity, and the proportion of agricultural landscape composition affect communities of bees and wasps that nest in pre‐existing cavities in remnants of native vegetation bordering agroecosystems. We selected 25 sampling points along a gradient of amount of surrounding agriculture and landscape diversity within natural physiognomies located in Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. Through model selection using Akaike's information criterion, we verified the complementary roles of landscape heterogeneity and local vegetation in structuring these hymenopteran communities. Abundance in the groups showed different tendencies depending on the descriptors employed, pointing to the importance of evaluating within‐group specificity. Furthermore, bees and wasps presented differential responses to landscape composition, but they did not differ in relation to configurational complexity. In more heterogeneous landscapes or sites with more complex local vegetation, the proportion of agriculture had a positive influence on the response evaluated. Efficient management of agricultural landscapes therefore requires increased landscape heterogeneity and conservation or restoration of native vegetation remnants at the local scale.
Ambitious deep energy retrofits of buildings to accelerate the 1.5°C energy transition in Canada
Authors: Hoicka Christina E. , Das Runa
Published: June 2020

Scientists advise limiting global warming to 1.5°C with substantial actions by 2030. Our viewpoint argues that climate response strategies in Canada have underemphasized and underestimated the potential contribution deep energy retrofits can make to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions, leading to inadequate responses in the building sector, and that Canada can (and should) be ambitious with building retrofits over the next decade. GHG savings from building retrofits can be realized more quickly than GHG reductions from other sectors, and either deliver net cost savings or are cost‐effective when compared to other mitigation measures. Retrofits can also provide social and economic benefits, such as improved health and comfort, and lower energy costs. This paper reviews energy use and building retrofits in Canada and argues the following should be implemented: (1) focus innovation on deep energy retrofit processes, not singular retrofit actions; (2) maximize both social and environmental benefits; (3) improve data gathering and availability for analysis and delivery; (4) innovate for a process of decisions and to avoid “dropouts” during the retrofit process; and (5) focus innovation on business models that maximize benefits.