bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex and mental health are related to subcortical brain microstructure
Authors: Pecheva Diliana , Smith Diana M. , Casey B. J. , Woodward Lianne J. , Dale Anders M. , Filippi Christopher G. , Watts Richard
Published: July 2024

Some mental health problems such as depression and anxiety are more common in females, while others such as autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity (AD/H) are more common in males. However, the neurobiological origins of these sex differences are poorly understood. Animal studies have shown substantial sex differences in neuronal and glial cell structure, while human brain imaging studies have shown only small differences, which largely reflect overall body and brain size. Advanced diffusion MRI techniques can be used to examine intracellular, extracellular, and free water signal contributions and provide unique insights into microscopic cellular structure. However, the extent to which sex differences exist in these metrics of subcortical gray matter structures implicated in psychiatric disorders is not known. Here, we show large sex-related differences in microstructure in subcortical regions, including the hippocampus, thalamus, and nucleus accumbens in a large sample of young adults. Unlike conventional T1-weighted structural imaging, large sex differences remained after adjustment for age and brain volume. Further, diffusion metrics in the thalamus and amygdala were associated with depression, anxiety, AD/H, and antisocial personality problems. Diffusion MRI may provide mechanistic insights into the origin of sex differences in behavior and mental health over the life course and help to bridge the gap between findings from experimental, epidemiological, and clinical mental health research.
Unified understanding of the impact of semiflexibility, concentration, and molecular weight on macromolecular-scale ring diffusion
Authors: Mei Baicheng , Grest Gary S. , Liu Songyue , O’Connor Thomas C. , Schweizer Kenneth S.
Published: July 2024

Conformationally fluctuating, globally compact macromolecules such as polymeric rings, single-chain nanoparticles, microgels, and many-arm stars display complex dynamic behaviors due to their rich topological structure and intermolecular organization. Synthetic rings are hybrid objects with conformations that display both ideal random walk and compact globular features, which can serve as models of genomic DNA. To date, emphasis has been placed on the effect of ring molecular weight on their unusual behaviors. Here, we combine simulations and a microscopic force-level theory to build a unified understanding for how key aspects of ring dynamics depend on different tunable molecular properties including backbone rigidity, monomer concentration, degree of traditional entanglement, and molecular weight. Our large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of ring melts with very different backbone stiffnesses reveal unanticipated behaviors which agree well with our generalized theory. This includes a universal master curve for center-of-mass diffusion constants as a function of molecular weight scaled by a chemistry and thermodynamic state-dependent critical molecular weight that generalizes the concept of an entanglement cross-over for linear chains. The key physics is how backbone rigidity and monomer concentration induced changes of the entanglement length, interring packing, degree of interpenetration, and liquid compressibility slow down space-time dynamic-force correlations on macromolecular scales. A power law decay of the center-of-mass diffusion constant with inverse molecular weight squared is the first consequence, followed by an ultraslow activated hopping transport regime. Our results set the stage to address slow dynamics and kinetic arrest in different families of compact synthetic and biological polymeric systems.
A billion-year shift in the formation of Earth’s largest ore deposits
Authors: Courtney-Davies Liam , Fiorentini Marco , Dalstra Hilke , Hagemann Steffen , Ramanaidou Erick , Danišik Martin , Evans Noreen J. , Rankenburg Kai , McInnes Brent I. A.
Published: July 2024

Banded iron formations (BIFs) archive the relationship between Earth’s lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere through time. However, constraints on the origin of Earth’s largest ore deposits, hosted by BIFs, are limited by the absence of direct geochronology. Without this temporal context, genetic models cannot be correlated with tectono-thermal and atmospheric drivers responsible for BIF upgrading through time. Utilizing in situ iron oxide U–Pb geochronology, we provide a direct timeline of events tracing development of all the giant BIF-hosted hematite deposits of the Hamersley Province (Pilbara Craton, Western Australia). Direct dating demonstrates that the major iron ore deposits in the region formed during 1.4 to 1.1 Ga. This is one billion to hundreds of millions of years later than previous age constraints based upon 1) the presence of hematite ore clasts in conglomerate beds deposited before ~1.84 Ga, and 2) phosphate mineral dating, which placed the onset of iron mineralization in the Province at ~2.2 to 2.0 Ga during the great oxidation event. Dating of the hematite clasts verified the occurrence of a ~2.2 to 2.0 Ga event, reflecting widespread, but now largely eroded iron mineralization occurring when the Pilbara and Kaapvaal cratons were proximal. No existing phosphate mineral dates overlap with obtained hematite dates and therefore cannot be related to hematite crystallization and ore formation. New geochronology conclusively links all major preserved hematite deposits to a far younger (1.4 to 1.1 Ga) formation period, correlated with the amalgamation of Australia following breakup of the Columbia supercontinent.
Enhanced dielectric response and non-Ohmic properties of Cd-doped Na1/3Ca1/3Bi1/3Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics
Authors: Xue Renzhong , Liu Xiaosong , Zhao Liuyang , Zhu Xiang
Published: July 2024

In this study, Na1/3(Ca1−xCdx)1/3Bi1/3Cu3Ti4O12 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0) ceramics were prepared via solid-state method. Effects of substitution of Ca2+ with Cd2+ on the microstructure, dielectric response, and non-Ohmic properties of Na1/3Ca1/3Bi1/3Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics were studied systematically. Results showed that all samples possessed single perovskite phase, in which grain size increased with the increase in Cd2+ doping content. Energy band gaps and activation energy first increased and then decreased, achieving their maxima (4.22 and 0.642 eV, respectively) at x = 0.2. Besides, dielectric constant of doped samples increased with the decrease in dielectric loss in frequency range of 40–106 Hz. Moreover, improvement in non-Ohmic properties was also observed with Cd2+ doping. The optimal dielectric properties (dielectric constant of ∼12,500, dielectric loss of ∼0.032 at 10 kHz, nonlinear coefficient of ∼3.42, and breakdown strength of ∼2.7 kV·cm−1) were achieved at x = 0.2. Dielectric response mechanism of ceramics followed internal barrier layer capacitor model while nonlinear ohmic properties were derived from Schottky barrier structure. Dielectric relaxation peaks at high temperatures (120 °C–220 °C) were associated with grain boundaries. Therefore, partial substitution of Ca2+ with Cd2+ can improve simultaneously dielectric and non-Ohmic properties of Na1/3Ca1/3Bi1/3Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics, which is conducive to their application in high-energy-density storage capacitors and varistors.
Sudden change of the geometric quantum discord and quantum coherence in dissipative superconducting circuit systems with the time-dependent electromagnetic field
Authors: Xiong Zi-Yu , Xiao Yong-Jun , Zhang Ye-Qi , He Qi-Liang
Published: July 2024

We investigate the influence of a time-dependent electromagnetic field (TDEF) on the double sudden change of the 1-norm geometric quantum discord (GQD) and sudden change of quantum coherence for superconducting circuit systems under spontaneous emission, where two superconducting qubits are each coupled to their own LC circuit or uniformly coupled to a common LC circuit, respectively. It is shown that the double sudden change of the GQD can be controlled, and the frozen time during which the GQD keeps nearly constant can be lengthened by applying the TDEF. Furthermore, we also find that the TDEF can delay the ‘critical point’ of sudden change for quantum coherence and slow down the decay of quantum coherence. Finally, we explore how the TDEF affects the superconducting circuits system’s information flow by using trace distance and the optimal control scheme is sought by comparing the two coupled modes.
Exploring the impact of weak measurements on exciton–exciton interactions
Authors: Siyouri Fatima-Zahra , Giraud Olivier , Hassouni Yassine
Published: July 2024

In our study of super quantum discord between two excitonic qubits inside a coupled semiconductor quantum dots system, our primary focus is to uncover the impact of weak measurement on its quantum characteristics. To achieve this, we analyze how varying the measurement strength x, affects this super quantum correlation in the presence of thermal effects. Additionally, we assess the effect of this variation on the system’s evolution against its associated quantum parameters; external electric fields, exciton–exciton dipole interaction energy and Förster interaction. Our findings indicate that adjusting x to smaller values effectively enhances the super quantum correlation, making weak measurements act as a catalyst. This adjustment ensures its robustness against thermal effects while preserving the non-classical attributes of the system. Furthermore, our study unveils that the effect of weak measurements on this latter surpasses the quantum effects associated with the system. Indeed, manipulating the parameter x allows the weak measurement to function as a versatile tool for modulating quantum characteristics and controlling exciton–exciton interactions within the coupled semiconductor quantum dots system.
The effect of NaOH and KOH on the strength-mechanical properties of alkali-activated composites based on granulated blast-furnace slag
Authors: Gandel R , Jeřábek J , Marcalíková Z , Ćmiel P
Published: July 2024

Alkali-activated systems are a more sustainable alternative to Portland cement concrete. The activation of latently hydraulic and pozzolanic raw materials in these composites is one of the many investigated factors, where the price ratio and the ability to optimally activate the mentioned precursors with the given activator play a major role. The subject of the presented work is a comparison of the influence of NaOH and KOH on the development of the strength-mechanical properties of alkali-activated materials based on granulated blast furnace slag - the secondary raw material of metallurgical processes.
Using shredded fibre cement recyclate to produce new innovative fibre cement boards
Authors: Khongová I , Frank M , Krejčí Kotlánová M , Šimbera T
Published: July 2024

The study investigated the effect of the addition of crushed recyclate on the final properties of fibre cement boards. In some fibre cement board production technologies, waste in the form of solid trimmings accounts for up to 7% of total production, which is not an insignificant amount. The research aims to maximise the use of the waste generated and its effective reintegration into the production of new fibre cement boards. In the experimental work, shredded recyclate was used in varying quantities to replace expanded perlite. The results obtained show that the reuse of shredded recyclate has a minimal impact on the observed physical and mechanical properties. A similar trend was found when evaluating the durability tests. The proposed solution for the reuse of recyclate can be considered successful both in terms of production technology and the properties of the fibre cement boards achieved.
Experimental verification of the effect of lithium silicate surface treatment on concrete durability
Authors: Fládr J , Bílý P
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the results of a research focused on the behaviour of lithium silicate sealer as an additional protection of concrete structures against environmental degradation effects. The results are compared with the behaviour of siloxane sealer – an agent commonly used for the protection of concrete structures against environmental effects in practice. The paper presents the results of several tests: contact angle, porosity change and carbonation depth that was determined by accelerated test method. All the mentioned tests lead to a conclusion that siloxane sealer is significantly more efficient in increasing the durability of structures than lithium silicate sealer.
Impact of water content and salts on the mechanical properties of masonry materials used in historic structures
Authors: Náhunková P , Nunes C , Slížková Z , Frankeová A D
Published: July 2024

The protection of built cultural heritage is increasingly important due to climate change. Given that flooding is one of the most serious threats to the conservation of heritage objects, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of water and soluble salts on the mechanical strength of materials commonly used in old structures. An experimental analysis was conducted by wetting several types of conventional building materials (such as stone, lime mortar, and fired-clay brick), each characterised by distinct mechanical properties and porous structure. The impact of contamination with three types of soluble salts commonly found in historic buildings was also assessed. The results showed that the level of water saturation can have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of all the tested materials. In some cases, the sample heterogeneity surpassed the effect of water content on the mechanical behaviour. Brick and stone samples showed a similar trend in the strength behaviour. Brick had a flexural strength decrease of around 15% after 7 days of submersion in water and also after storage in an environment with high relative humidity. Mortar mixtures were more sensitive to the effect of water and salt solutions compared to stone and bricks. One-cycle of salt contamination followed by drying increased the mechanical strength of the tested materials.
Recent advancement and trends in the development of membranes having bactericidal attributes via direct ink writing
Authors: Lanke Himanshu , Patadiya Jigar , Banerjee Barnali , Kandasubramanian Balasubramanian
Published: July 2024

The necessity for orthopedic prostheses, implants, and membranes to treat diseases, trauma, and other disasters has increased as the risk of survive through various factors has intensified exponentially. Considering exponential growth in demand, it has been observed that the traditional technology of grafts and membranes lags to fulfill the demand and effectiveness simultaneously. These challenges in traditional methodologies prompted a revolutionary shift in the biomedical industry when additive manufacturing (AM) emerged as an alternative fabrication technique for medical equipments such as prostheses, implants, and membranes. However these techniques were fast and precise the major attributes of the biomedical materials were the processability, bactericidal nature, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity together with good mechanical properties. Major challenges faced by researchers in the present-day scenario regarding materials are the lack of bactericidal attributes in tailored material, though having better mechanical as well as biocompatible properties, which, on the other hand, are primary critical factors too, in the healthcare sector. Hence considering the advantages of AM and need for membranes with bacteriacidal attributes this present review will highlight the studies based on the manufacturing of membranes with bacteria-resistant properties majorly using direct ink writing and some AM techniques and the reasoning behind the antibacterial attributes of those composite materials.
Fire is associated with forest degradation and economic land concessions, but not land conversion in the rapidly transforming Cambodian landscape
Authors: Webb Edward L , Jamaludin Johanness
Published: July 2024

Cambodia is beset by high deforestation rates and fire frequencies. From 2001 to 2020, forest cover declined by 34%, and cropland and rubber expanded by 31 401 km2 and 4530 km2, respectively; meanwhile nearly 8.7 million fires burned 41.6% of the land. Fires may be associated with deliberate land change, stable land management systems, and unplanned forest degradation. We integrated annual land cover and monthly burned area data from 2001–2020 to test three hypotheses. First, if fire is used during land conversion, there would be a detectable pulse in fire activity in the year immediately prior to, and the year of land cover change. Our temporal analysis found statistically elevated burn rates in five of 16 transition tests, however, they were typically <1% outside the predicted range, indicating no practical significance in the association of fire with land cover change. Second, fire prevalence would be lower in land managed for conservation or agricultural production than unclassified or unmanaged land. Persistent forest and shrubland burned at significantly higher rates than expected, cropland burned significantly less, burning was almost absent from rubber plantations, and forests in protected areas exhibited lower total burn percentages than unclassified land or industrial economic land concessions (ELCs), thus supporting the fire-land management hypothesis. However, percent burned area in ELCs was greater than unclassified land for several persistent land cover classes, suggesting that local landowners may prevent fire in commercially valuable private agricultural land, but there may be no such prevention measures in industrial ELCs. Anti-fire policy enforcement in ELCs should be enhanced. Third, forests that converted into (degraded) shrublands would experience increasing fire frequency in the years leading up to transition, a hypothesis we found strong support for through our temporal analysis. Cambodia’s 2013 Law on Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting deputizes the public to enforce its provision, however given that the vast majority of fires occur in persistent forest in state-owned land, collective action problems are likely to hinder its effective implementation.
Translating strain to stress: a single-layer Bi-LSTM approach to predicting stress-strain curves in alloys during hot deformation
Authors: Xu Sheng , Xiong Jie , Zhang Tong-Yi
Published: July 2024

This study introduces a novel deep learning network that integrates a single-layer bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network with a coding layer to analyze the hot deformation behavior of various alloys. The single-layer Bi-LSTM model adeptly predicts experimental stress–strain curves obtained under different deformation temperatures and strain rates, demonstrating superior effectiveness and excellent performance in modeling hot deformation behaviors of the FGH98 nickel-based alloy and TiAl intermetallic alloy. The present model achieves the coefficient of determination of 0.9051 for FGH98 and 0.9307 for TiAl alloys, whereas the corresponding values of 0.8105 and 0.8356 are obtained by the conventional strain-compensated Sellars constitutive equation (SCS model). Additionally, the mean absolute percentage error of the single-layer Bi-LSTM model are 11.37% for FGH98 and 7.16% for TiAl alloys, while the SCS model gains the corresponding error of 15.29% and 17.01%. These results show that the present model has enhances the predictive accuracy exceeding 10% for both FGH98 and TiAl alloys over the SCS model. Consequently, the proposed single-layer Bi-LSTM model provides substantial potential for optimizing manufacturing processes and improving material properties.
Formation energy prediction of neutral single-atom impurities in 2D materials using tree-based machine learning
Authors: Kesorn Aniwat , Hunkao Rutchapon , Na Talang Cheewawut , Cholsuk Chanaprom , Sinsarp Asawin , Vogl Tobias , Suwanna Sujin , Yuma Suraphong
Published: July 2024

We applied tree-based machine learning algorithms to predict the formation energy of impurities in 2D materials, where adsorbates and interstitial defects are investigated. Regression models based on random forest, gradient boosting regression, histogram-based gradient-boosting regression, and light gradient-boosting machine algorithms are employed for training, testing, cross validation, and blind testing. We utilized chemical features from fundamental properties of atoms and supplemented them with structural features from the interaction of the added chemical element with its neighboring host atoms via the Jacobi–Legendre (JL) polynomials. Overall, the prediction accuracy yields optimal

MAE
≈
0.518

,

RMSE
≈
1.14

, and

R
2

≈
0.855

. When trained separately, we obtained lower residual errors RMSE and MAE, and higher R
2 value for predicting the formation energy in the adsorbates than in the interstitial defects. In both cases, the inclusion of the structural features via the JL polynomials improves the prediction accuracy of the formation energy in terms of decreasing RMSE and MAE, and increasing R
2. This work demonstrates the potential and application of physically meaningful features to obtain physical properties of impurities in 2D materials that otherwise would require higher computational cost.
Activating supercooled electrolytes
Authors: Hu Yuan-Chao , Jiang Liwei
Published: July 2024

While materials science research in the rechargeable battery field is usually application-oriented, the general supercooled liquid theory from glass science can drive high-performance low-temperature aqueous batteries, facilitating cross-disciplinary collaborations and simultaneous research breakthroughs.
Cloud-based introduction to BASH programming for biologists
Authors: Wilkins Owen M , Campbell Ross , Yosufzai Zelaikha , Doe Valena , Soucy Shannon M
Published: July 2024

This manuscript describes the development of a resource module that is part of a learning platform named ‘NIGMS Sandbox for Cloud-based Learning’, https://github.com/NIGMS/NIGMS-Sandbox. The overall genesis of the Sandbox is described in the editorial authored by National Institute of General Medical Sciences: NIGMS Sandbox: A Learning Platform toward Democratizing Cloud Computing for Biomedical Research at the beginning of this supplement. This module delivers learning materials introducing the utility of the BASH (Bourne Again Shell) programming language for genomic data analysis in an interactive format that uses appropriate cloud resources for data access and analyses. The next-generation sequencing revolution has generated massive amounts of novel biological data from a multitude of platforms that survey an ever-growing list of genomic modalities. These data require significant downstream computational and statistical analyses to glean meaningful biological insights. However, the skill sets required to generate these data are vastly different from the skills required to analyze these data. Bench scientists that generate next-generation data often lack the training required to perform analysis of these datasets and require support from bioinformatics specialists. Dedicated computational training is required to empower biologists in the area of genomic data analysis, however, learning to efficiently leverage a command line interface is a significant barrier in learning how to leverage common analytical tools. Cloud platforms have the potential to democratize access to the technical tools and computational resources necessary to work with modern sequencing data, providing an effective framework for bioinformatics education. This module aims to provide an interactive platform that slowly builds technical skills and knowledge needed to interact with genomics data on the command line in the Cloud. The sandbox format of this module enables users to move through the material at their own pace and test their grasp of the material with knowledge self-checks before building on that material in the next sub-module.

This manuscript describes the development of a resource module that is part of a learning platform named ``NIGMS Sandbox for Cloud-based Learning'' https://github.com/NIGMS/NIGMS-Sandbox. The overall genesis of the Sandbox is described in the editorial NIGMS Sandbox [1] at the beginning of this Supplement. This module delivers learning materials on the analysis of bulk and single-cell ATAC-seq data in an interactive format that uses appropriate cloud resources for data access and analyses.
Association of resilience and psychological flexibility with surgeons’ mental wellbeing
Authors: Greville-Harris Maddy , Withers Catherine , Wezyk Agata , Thomas Kevin , Bolderston Helen , Kane Amy , McDougall Sine , Turner Kevin J
Published: July 2024

Background

Existing research highlights the link between certain personality traits and mental health in surgeons. However, little research has explored the important role of psychological skills and qualities in potentially explaining this link. A cross-sectional survey of UK-based surgeons was used to examine whether two such skills (psychological flexibility and resilience) helped to explain why certain personality traits might be linked to mental health in surgeons.

Method

An online survey comprising measures of personality (neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness), psychological skills/qualities (psychological flexibility and resilience) and mental health (depression, anxiety, stress and burnout) was sent to surgeons practising in the UK. Mediation analyses were used to examine the potential mediating role of psychological flexibility and resilience in explaining the relationship between personality factors and mental health.

Results

A total of 348 surgeons completed the survey. In all 12 mediation models, psychological flexibility and/or resilience played a significant role in explaining the relationship between personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness) and mental health (depression, anxiety and burnout).

Conclusion

Findings suggest that it is not only a surgeon’s personality that is associated with their mental health, but the extent to which a surgeon demonstrates specific psychological qualities and skills (psychological flexibility and resilience). This has important implications for improving surgeons’ mental wellbeing, because psychological flexibility and resilience are malleable, and can be successfully targeted with interventions in a way that personality traits cannot.
Robot-assisted minimally invasive oesophagectomy versus thoracoscopic approach: multi-institutional study on short-term outcomes
Authors: Chao Yin-Kai , Lee Jui-Ying , Huang Wen-Chien , Lee Jang-Ming , Tseng Yau-Lin , Lu Hung-I
Published: July 2024

Background

Robot-assisted minimally invasive oesophagectomy and conventional minimally invasive oesophagectomy are superior to open techniques. However, few studies have directly compared the outcomes of the two minimally invasive approaches.

Methods

A retrospective study of patients from six medical centres with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent minimally invasive oesophagectomy between 2015 and 2022. Perioperative outcomes were compared after applying inverse probability of treatment weighting.

Results

The study included 577 patients (robot-assisted minimally invasive oesophagectomy: 206; conventional minimally invasive oesophagectomy: 371). After applying inverse probability of treatment weighting, robot-assisted minimally invasive oesophagectomy was found to yield a higher number of mediastinal nodes compared with conventional minimally invasive oesophagectomy (14.86 versus 12.66, P = 0.017). Robot-assisted minimally invasive oesophagectomy was notably effective in retrieving upper mediastinal left recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes, averaging 1.97 nodes versus 1.14 nodes harvested by conventional minimally invasive oesophagectomy (P < 0.001). This was coupled by a significant decrease in nerve palsy rates (13.9% versus 22.8%, P = 0.020). A significantly larger percentage of patients in the robot-assisted minimally invasive oesophagectomy group had an uncomplicated postoperative course (51.8% versus 34%, P < 0.001). Robot-assisted minimally invasive oesophagectomy also led to a reduction in pneumonia rates (8.6% versus 15.2%, P = 0.041) and was linked to a shorter length of stay (length of stay; 16.64 versus 21.14 days, P = 0.007). The advantage of robot-assisted minimally invasive oesophagectomy in reducing the length of stay was especially pronounced in patients with a high Charlson co-morbidity index (≥2, mean difference 8.46 days; P = 0.0069) and those who underwent neoadjuvant therapy (mean difference 5.63 days; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

In oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, the use of robot-assisted minimally invasive oesophagectomy led to fewer cases of pneumonia and faster recovery compared with conventional minimally invasive oesophagectomy. Additionally, robot-assisted minimally invasive oesophagectomy significantly improved the feasibility and safety of performing lymph node dissection along the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Takotsubo syndrome in a cancer patient treated with a combination of anti-cancer drugs including immune checkpoint inhibitors: a case report
Authors: Yamada Keita , Ida-Ichikawa Mizuki , Fujimoto Naoki , Ishida Masaki , Dohi Kaoru
Published: July 2024

Background

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is characterized by transient regional left ventricular (LV) dysfunction occurring in individuals exposed to physical or emotional stress. Various stressors are triggers for TTS in cancer patients, and anti-cancer drugs have recently been proposed as a trigger. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify these triggers and avoid the unnecessary interruption of anti-cancer treatment.

Case summary

A 66-year-old woman presented with dyspnoea 10 days after the initiation of atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab. She had previously received osimertinib as first-line therapy for recurrent lung cancer after primary resection and atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab, paclitaxel, and carboplatin as second-line therapy. She was admitted due to electrocardiography abnormalities and elevated troponin I and brain natriuretic peptide levels. Echocardiography revealed circumferential severe LV hypokinesis at the mid-ventricular level, with preserved wall motion at the base and apex. Cardiac catheterization performed after the attenuation of symptoms with 20 mg of intravenous furosemide showed normal coronary arteries. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging on Day 4 revealed increases in T1 and T2 values and extracellular volume fraction; however, neither myocardial infiltration of inflammatory cells or myocardial necrosis was observed in endomyocardial samples obtained on the day of her arrival. Atypical TTS was suspected, and she was treated with perindopril, bisoprolol, and spironolactone. Magnetic resonance imaging 1.5 months after the onset of TTS showed improvements in LV contractility, T1 and T2 values, and the extracellular volume fraction.

Discussion

A more detailed understanding of the relationship between anti-cancer drugs and TTS is crucial for preventing interruptions to anti-cancer therapy.
Kirchhoff prestack time migration of crooked-line seismic data
Authors: Chen Xiangzhong , Yue Yubo , Xie Yu , Li Wei
Published: July 2024

The crooked-line seismic survey has been widely used in oil and gas exploration in complex areas of western China. However, due to the unconventional acquisition geometry, current migration methods cannot fully account for the characteristics of crooked-line seismic data and may lead to poorly resolved images with inaccurate kinematics. To mitigate this problem, we present in this paper a modified Kirchhoff prestack time migration well adapted to such seismic data. We first carry out a theoretical analysis on the propagation geometry of crooked-line seismic data and demonstrate problems associated with conventional 3D traveltime-based migration. Then, we present a modified 2D migration scheme based on the projection between the actual imaging trace within the vertical plane of seismic reflections and the output imaging trace. Compared with the 3D traveltime-based migration, our method not only ensures the accuracy of imaging depth, but also improves the focusing and continuity of the migrated image. We use both synthetic and real data tests to validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Safety and efficacy of antibiotic-impregnated absorbable calcium sulfate beads (Stimulan) in cranioplasty
Authors: Evans Alexander R , Kimmell Marianne E , Kharbat Abdurrahman F , Shakir Hakeem J
Published: July 2024

Cranioplasty is a common neurosurgical procedure that follows hemicraniectomy in the setting of neoplasm resection or increased intracranial pressure. Although standardized practices aim at minimizing infection risk, infection of the surgical site has been reported in 6.6%–8.4% of patients. In this work, we document the novel use of synthetic dissolvable antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate beads (STIMULANⓇ Rapid Cure, Biocomposites Ltd, Wilmington, NC, USA) in five cases of cranioplasty at our institution. Four patients experienced wound healing as expected with no complications related to the use of Stimulan beads. One patient’s clinical course was complicated by pseudomeningocele with superficial wound infection occurring 74 days following cranioplasty. Of note, this patient had suffered an avulsion injury and subgaleal hematoma of the scalp ipsilateral to the cranial incision, predisposing to infection due to incompetent scalp vasculature. No complications could be directly attributed to the use of STIMULANⓇ beads.
Washington, D.C.—History of Planning and Urbanism
Authors: Schrag Zachary M.
Published: July 2024

For thousands of years, the Piscataway and other Native peoples have lived along the Potomac and Anacostia Rivers. In the eighteenth century, British-descended colonists established the river ports of Georgetown in Maryland and Alexandria in Virginia. Then, in 1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, allowing President George Washington to select a place along the Potomac River to serve as the permanent seat of government of the United States. In 1800, the new city, now named for Washington, became the capital. Visitors often regard Washington as a collection of museums and monuments, and members of Congress—to whom the Constitution grants the power to “exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever” in the District of Columbia—may see it as a social laboratory in which they can test their latest theories of education, law enforcement, or other policies. But hundreds of thousands of District of Columbia residents, and millions of suburbanites, think of the metropolitan region as a place to live and work. Scholars have explored these multiple experiences of the region and the frequent intersections among them. The story of the Washington region is as much one of people and communities as of plans and plazas.
Rhymers' Club
Authors: Girdwood Megan
Published: July 2024

The Rhymers’ Club was a group of loosely affiliated poets who convened at pub off Fleet Street, the Old Cheshire Cheese, among other locations, between 1890 and 1896 (though the exact dates are disputed). Its membership was exclusively male, and the group’s semi-regular meetings were attended by both official members and invited guests, who gathered to eat dinner, drink ale, discuss the state of English poetry, and listen to readings of one another’s work. In one of several accounts, the group, initially called the “Rhymesters’ Club,” was founded by W. B. Yeats, Ernest Rhys, and T.W. Rolleston, who sought to create a space for emerging poets unconstrained by any ideological manifesto or program. Over the years, other members included Ernest Dowson, Arthur Symons, Lionel Johnson, John Davidson, Richard Le Gallienne, Ernest Radford, John Gray, Edwin Ellis, and John Todhunter, with occasional visits by Oscar Wilde and Lord Alfred Douglas when meetings were held in private homes. The group published two collections with the Bodley Head, The Book of the Rhymers’ Club (1892) and The Second Book of the Rhymers’ Club (1894), which varied widely in theme and style and were ambivalently received as a collective effort, though certain poets were commended for their technical virtuosity. Yeats, the group’s most influential voice, saw it as Celtic in its social outlook and English in its literary impulses, responding in part to Walter Pater and the tradition of English Aestheticism. His retrospective portrait of a Tragic Generation ensconced in the atmosphere of Decadence, symbolized by the premature deaths of poets like Dowson and Johnson, created a mythology around the Rhymers and shaped much of the early scholarship on the group. The Club’s intellectual climate was influenced in part by the model of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, as well as the personal mentorship Pater had provided to members including Johnson and Symons. Although they were heterogeneous in their poetic styles, many of the Rhymers were concerned with the relationship of art to life and the insights that might be gained from the cultivation of sensuous experience. The group also had a self-identified “regional” makeup, with poets of Scottish, Irish, Welsh, and Cornish heritage. The entries included in the following sections reflect the range of scholarly approaches to the Rhymers’ Club, from biographical and historical perspectives to more recent contributions in studies of Decadence, fin-de-siècle poetics, and London literary networks.
Sclerochronology
Authors: Andrus C. Fred T.
Published: July 2024

Sclerochronology is the study of time-series data derived from accretionary hard tissues, such as shells and other skeletal elements. Sclerochronological data are useful to interpret the life history of organisms, infer ecological changes, and assess past environmental conditions. Such data may include growth rate and/or periodicity records from measurements of increments, but the process also frequently involves sequential biogeochemical analyses, sometimes called sclerochemistry, that can often be aligned with calendar years. The periodicity of growth may vary across multiple timescales, and include tidal, daily, fortnightly, monthly, seasonal, and annual patterns, among others. The duration of these records varies extensively, ranging from sub-seasonal to millennial scales, and can be expanded with the use of cross-dating. The studied tissues are most often mineralized and biologically inert after initial precipitation, such as calcium carbonate skeletons of corals, fish otoliths, or mollusks, but can include other skeletal elements, such as bone, which may be biologically remodeled during the life of the organism. Sclerochronology is analogous to dendrochronology, sharing an emphasis on time-series analysis of growth and the factors that affect growth rates, but often places a greater emphasis on chemical data due to the properties of calcium carbonate, one of the most common skeletal materials. Isotopic and elemental composition of calcium carbonate biominerals can yield insight into biological and environmental conditions throughout ontogeny. The durability of the tissues permits analysis of fossil, archaeological, and museum-archived samples to aid reconstruction of past ecological and environmental conditions. Application of this method can be a useful tool in fisheries management, assessment of anthropogenic impacts to habitats, and measurement of the effects of climate change, in addition to addressing fundamental questions relating to organism age, growth rate and periodicity, life history, and environmental variation across multiple timescales. Sclerochronology is thus linked to several disciplines such as biology, ecology, paleoclimatology, paleontology, archaeology, and biomineralogy. The bibliography begins with publications of relatively broad interdisciplinary significance, followed by subsequent sections organized based on the different organisms and their skeletal elements amendable to sclerochronological study. In general, methodological and review papers are included more frequently than particular applications.
Jewish Children During the Holocaust
Authors: Sliwa Joanna
Published: July 2024

Children deemed as “Aryan” by Nazi ideology epitomized the future of a unified and pure “Aryan” racial community. On the other hand, Nazi ideology and policies targeted “non-Aryan” children, such as Jewish, Roma, and Slavic children, as well as children with disabilities. The Nazis and their collaborators murdered an estimated 1.5 million Jewish children under the age of sixteen. A child’s age during the Holocaust determined his or her experiences, identities, and understandings of the events, as well as child survivors’ memories. The Nazi definition of a Jewish child differed geographically and temporally. Jewish children endured the same patterns of Nazi-inflicted persecution as adult Jews, such as restrictions on freedom of movement, confinement in ghettos, incarceration in camps, and forced and slave labor. Jewish children embodied the continuity of the Jewish people and as such were among the first to be murdered in mass shootings and in killing centers. The Nazis considered the youngest children dispensable because they could not work. To survive, Jewish children employed the same strategies as adults, such as flight, life under a false identity, and life in hiding. Fewer than one in ten Jewish children survived the Holocaust. Initially, analyses of the voices and experiences of children were mostly absent from Holocaust scholarship, except to illustrate the extent and consequences of the Nazi genocide. A scholarly turn that began in the 1990s, including as a result of child survivors’ endeavors, recalibrated the focus to scrutinize the voices and texts of Jewish children and child survivors as valid historical sources. Doing so has led to a multidisciplinary investigation of the many dimensions of Jewish child life during the Holocaust, including forms of young people’s agency. An ongoing interest in children’s experiences during the Holocaust and in responses to the plight of young people have offered new insights into Holocaust history and memory, as well as contributed to efforts to provide compensation for Jewish child Holocaust survivors. The scholarly output on Jewish children during the Holocaust has also inspired studies on non-Jewish child victims of Nazism. This article focuses on the experiences of Jewish children, meaning those born in 1928 or later, during the Holocaust. It highlights some of the many works, both scholarly and popular, that have emerged over the years and that aim to expand our understanding of what and how Jewish children endured during the Holocaust.
Middle English Literature
Authors: Battles Paul
Published: July 2024

The Middle English period extends from approximately 1100–1150 to 1450–1500. The term “Middle English” was borrowed from historical linguistics, which divides English into three phases: Old English, with its highly inflected grammar; Modern English, where only vestigial inflections remain; and Middle English, which witnessed the change. Thus, the Middle English period (and its literature) has more often been defined by its transitional status than by its intrinsic features; it is difficult to make valid generalizations about texts written over a period of four centuries. The most common approach, therefore, has been to subdivide the corpus into an early and a late period, with 1350 as watershed. Early Middle English texts do not form a unified literary tradition; works do not frequently reference one another, they do not use a uniform style, and they are not concerned with the same topics. One reason for this is the Norman Conquest. Before 1066, English had enjoyed authorized status as the language of record for government and major institutions. After the Battle of Hastings, this role was filled by Latin and Anglo-Norman French. Written English was still cultivated in regional centers, but it did not return to official status until 1362, when the Statute of Pleading made English the language of the law courts. In the twelfth century, more literary patrons commissioned works in French than English; Anglo-Norman literature flourished, culminating in works such as the Lais of Marie de France and Thomas of Britain’s Tristan (both c. 1160). The situation changed in the thirteenth century, with important Middle English texts being produced: Laȝamon’s Brut (c. c.1200); The Owl and the Nightingale (c. 1250); verse romances such as King Horn, Havelok the Dane, and Sir Orfeo (c. 1250–1300); and religious and secular lyrics (from c. 1225). In the late Middle English period, starting in the 1360s, English reestablished itself as the dominant literary language. In addition to Geoffrey Chaucer, other notable authors include the anonymous poet of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Pearl, William Langland, John Gower, and Julian of Norwich. In the post-Chaucerian period of 1400 to 1500, major figures include John Lydgate, Margery Kempe, Sir Thomas Malory, and William Caxton. In addition to the chronological approach, other ways to analyze Middle English literature include focusing on notable authors, verse forms, genres, or themes, or by using a particular theoretical lens.
Business Ethics
Authors: Spence Laura
Published: July 2024

Business ethics is the study of the moral rules and perspectives in use in organizations, particularly market actors. With roots in both applied moral philosophy and the study of social issues in management and business, it is a diverse and interdisciplinary field offering rich perspectives on how, why, and whether businesses, other organizations, and individuals operate in ethical and social terms. Additionally, business ethics incorporates the macro perspective of how business systems, structures, economies, and policy do or should organize in support of ethical practice. Business ethics research can be found across a range of disciplines. While the majority of work remains in outlets explicitly called “business ethics,” important research is also published elsewhere. Importantly, there is a good deal of crossover with neighboring subjects such as sustainability, corporate social responsibility, organizational responsibility, and corporate citizenship (for more information see Oxford Bibliographies in Management articles “Organizational Responsibility” by Stephanie R.Klein and “Approaches to Social Responsibility” by Kellie C. Liket and Pursey P.M.A.R. Heugens). In the contributions selected here, a driving requirement has been that business ethics remain center stage. This means that the ethical component of each article or book in question needs to be clearly articulated and attended to. In this business ethics bibliography, the approach taken has been to acknowledge the origins and foundation of business ethics and, importantly, to make visible some areas of research which are evolving to be critically important for the future. The future is necessarily guided by the past, and the earlier themes highlighted here remain pertinent and continue to develop and mature. It is an exciting time for business ethics, and as this bibliography shows, there is a great deal that this discipline has to offer to global critical problems. Indeed, the rise of the recognition of the practical relevance of business ethics is evident in the bibliography. Additionally, while the English-language field of the early years was overwhelmingly dominated by North American voices and North American interests, that has changed; now issues of global concern are firmly on the agenda, and contributors from around the world are far more familiar in the debates, though there remain structural barriers to the important diversity of contributions that the complex field arguably needs to be relevant and innovative. The approach taken here has been to actively seek to include diverse contributors of all kinds. The subjects covered can be divided into theory (ethical theory and stakeholder theory); themes (perennial themes, convergence, and new technology); and perspectives (organizational form, disciplinary viewpoints and the ‘Global South), ending with reference to the place of business ethics in the grand challenges as an indicator of the important practical impact of business ethics as a subject.