bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct radiative effects of intense Mediterranean desert dust outbreaks
Authors: Gkikas Antonis , Obiso Vincenzo , Pérez García-Pando Carlos , Jorba Oriol , Hatzianastassiou Nikos , Vendrell Lluis , Basart Sara , Gassó Santiago , Baldasano José Maria
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The direct radiative effect (DRE) of 20 intense and widespread dust outbreaks that affected the broader Mediterranean basin during the period March 2000 – February 2013, has been calculated with the regional NMMB-MONARCH model. The DREs have been calculated based on short-term simulations (84 hours) for a domain covering the Sahara and most part of the European continent. At midday, desert dust outbreaks induce locally a NET (shortwave plus longwave) strong atmospheric warming (DREATM values up to 285 Wm−2), a strong surface cooling (DRENETSURF values down to −337 Wm−2) whereas they strongly reduce the downward radiation at the ground (DRESURF values down to −589 Wm−2). During nighttime, reverse effects of smaller magnitude are found. At the top of the atmosphere (TOA), positive (planetary warming) DREs up to 85 Wm−2 are found over highly reflective surfaces while negative (planetary cooling) DREs down to −184 Wm−2 are computed over dark surfaces at noon. Desert dust outbreaks significantly affect the regional radiation budget, with regional clear-sky NET DRE values ranging from −13.9 to 2.6 Wm−2, from −43.6 to 4 Wm−2, from −26.3 to 3.9 Wm−2 and from −3.7 to 28 Wm−2 for TOA, SURF, NETSURF and ATM, respectively. Although the shortwave (SW) DREs are larger than the longwave (LW) ones, the latter are comparable or even larger at TOA, particularly over the Sahara at midday. As a response to the strong surface cooling during daytime, dust outbreaks cause a reduction of the regional sensible and latent heat fluxes by up to 45 Wm−2 and 4 Wm−2, respectively, averaged over land areas of the simulation domain. Dust outbreaks reduce the temperature at 2 meters by up to 4 K during day, whereas a reverse tendency of similar magnitude is found during night. Depending on the vertical distribution of dust loads and time, mineral particles heat (cool) the atmosphere by up to 0.9 K (0.8 K) during daytime (nighttime) within atmospheric dust layers. Beneath and above the dust clouds, mineral particles cool (warm) the atmosphere by up to 1.3 K (1.2 K) at noon (night). When dust radiative effects are taken into account in numerical simulations, the total emitted dust and dust AOD, computed on a regional mean basis, are decreased (negative feedback) by 19.5 % and 6.9 %. The consideration of dust radiative effects in numerical simulations improves the model predictive skills. More specifically, it reduces the model positive and negative biases for the downward surface SW and LW radiation, respectively, with respect to Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) measurements. In addition, they also reduce the model near-surface (at 2 meters) nocturnal cold biases by up to 0.5 K (regional averages), as well as the model warm biases at 950 and 700 hPa, where the dust concentration is maximized, by up to 0.4 K.
Continued increase of CFC-113a (CCl3CF3) mixing ratios in the global atmosphere: emissions, occurrence and potential sources
Authors: Adcock Karina E. , Reeves Claire E. , Gooch Lauren J. , Leedham Elvidge Emma C. , Ashfold Matthew J. , Brenninkmeijer Carl A. M. , Chou Charles , Fraser Paul J. , Langenfelds Ray L. , Mohd Hanif Norfazrin , O'Doherty Simon , Oram David E. , Ou-Yang Chang-Feng , Phang Siew Moi , Samah Azizan Abu , Röckmann Thomas , Sturges William T. , Laube Johannes C.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Atmospheric measurements of the ozone depleting substance CFC-113a (CCl3CF3) are reported from ground-based stations in Australia, Taiwan, Malaysia and the United Kingdom, and aircraft-based measurements in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. Building on previous work we find that, since the gas first appeared in the atmosphere in the 1960s, global CFC-113a mixing ratios have been increasing monotonically to the present day. Mixing ratios of CFC-113a have increased by 40 % (percent) from 0.50 to 0.70 ppt (parts per trillion) in the Southern Hemisphere between the end of the previously published record in December 2012 and February 2017. We derive updated global emissions of 1.7 Gg yr−1 (1.3–2.4 Gg yr−1) on average between 2012 and 2016 using a two-dimensional model. We compare the long-term trends and emissions of CFC-113a to those of its structural isomer, CFC-113 (CClF2CCl2F), which still has much higher mixing ratios than CFC-113a, despite its mixing ratios and emissions decreasing since the 1990s. The continued presence of Northern Hemispheric emissions of CFC-113a is confirmed by our measurements of a persistent interhemispheric gradient in its mixing ratios, with higher mixing ratios in the Northern Hemisphere. The sources of CFC-113a are still unclear, but we present evidence that indicates large emissions in East Asia, most likely due to its use as a chemical involved in the production of hydrofluorocarbons. Our aircraft data confirm the interhemispheric gradient as well as showing mixing ratios consistent with ground-based observations and the relatively long atmospheric lifetime of CFC-113a. CFC-113a is the only known CFC for which abundances are still substantially increasing in the atmosphere.
The NASA Carbon Airborne Flux Experiment (CARAFE): Instrumentation and Methodology
Authors: Wolfe Glenn M. , Kawa S. Randy , Hanisco Thomas F. , Hannun Reem A. , Newman Paul A. , Swanson Andrew , Bailey Steve , Barrick John , Thornhill K. Lee , Diskin Glenn , DiGangi Josh , Nowak John B. , Sorenson Carl , Bland Geoffrey , Yungel James K. , Swenson Craig A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The exchange of trace gases between the Earth’s surface and its atmosphere drives atmospheric composition. Airborne eddy covariance can provide observational constraints on surface fluxes at regional scales, helping to bridge the gap between top-down and bottom-up flux estimates and offering novel insights into biophysical and biogeochemical processes. The NASA Carbon Airborne Flux Experiment (CARAFE) utilizes the NASA C-23 Sherpa aircraft with a suite of commercial and custom instrumentation to acquire fluxes of carbon dioxide, methane, sensible heat, and latent heat at high spatial resolution. Key components of the CARAFE payload are described, including the meteorological, greenhouse gas, water vapor, and surface imaging systems. Continuous wavelet transforms deliver spatially-resolved fluxes along aircraft flight tracks. Flux analysis methodology is discussed in depth, with special emphasis on evaluation of uncertainties and vertical flux divergence. CARAFE has successfully flown two missions in the Eastern U.S. in 2016 and 2017, quantifying fluxes over forest, cropland, wetlands, and water. Results from these campaigns highlight the performance of this system and its potential to further our understanding of ecosystem exchange.
A 305-year continuous monthly rainfall series for the Island of Ireland (1711–2016)
Authors: Murphy Conor , Broderick Ciaran , Burt Timothy P. , Curley Mary , Duffy Catriona , Hall Julia , Harrigan Shaun , Matthews Tom K.R. , Macdonald Neil , McCarthy Gerard , McCarthy Mark P. , Mullan Donal , Noone Simon , Osborn Timothy J. , Ryan Ciara , Sweeney John , Thorne Peter W. , Walsh Seamus , Wilby Robert L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A continuous 305-year (1711–2016) monthly rainfall series is created for the Island of Ireland. Two overlapping data sources are employed: i) a previously unpublished UK Meteorological Office note containing annual rainfall anomalies and corresponding proportional monthly totals based on weather diaries and early observational records for the period 1711–1977 and; ii) a long-term, homogenised monthly rainfall series for the island of Ireland for the period 1850–2016. Using estimates of long-term average precipitation from the homogenised series to merge these sources, the new 305-year record is constructed and insights drawn about notable extremes, climate variability and change. The consistency of the resulting series was evaluated by comparison with independent long-term observations and reconstructions of precipitation, temperature and circulation indices from across the British-Irish Isles. Strong decadal consistency is evident throughout the record amongst all series in spring, summer and autumn. The winter series is probably too dry from the 1740s to the 1780s, but strong consistency with other records strengthens confidence from 1790 onwards. The new Island of Ireland series reveals remarkably wet winters during the 1730s, concurrent with a period of strong westerly airflow, glacial advance throughout Scandinavia and near unprecedented warmth in the Central England Temperature record – all consistent with the strong phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The driest winter decade in the series coincides with the Laki eruption of 1783–1784. Unusually wet summers occurred in the 1750s, consistent with proxy (tree-ring) reconstructions of summer precipitation in the region. In the annual series, the most recent decade (2006–2015) is found to be the wettest in over 300 years. The new series reveals statistically significant (0.05 level) multi-centennial trends in winter (increasing) and summer (decreasing) seasonal precipitation. However, given uncertainties in the early winter record, the former should be treated as tentative. Importantly, we show that the years 1940 to present – the period with the most widely available digitised records – is unrepresentative of long-term changes in all seasons. Although there are recognized uncertainties in the early record, the derived series offers valuable insights for understanding multi-decadal and centennial rainfall variability in Ireland, and provides a firm basis for benchmarking other long-term records and future reconstructions.
Liquid water infiltration into a layered snowpack: evaluation of a 3-D water transport model with laboratory experiments
Authors: Hirashima Hiroyuki , Avanzi Francesco , Yamaguchi Satoru
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The heterogeneous movement of liquid water through the snowpack during precipitation and snowmelt leads to complex liquid water distributions that are important for avalanche and runoff forecasting. We reproduced the formation of capillary barriers and the development of preferential flow through snow using a three-dimensional water transport model, which was then validated using laboratory experiments of liquid water infiltration into layered, initially dry snow. Three-dimensional simulations assumed the same column shape and size, grain size, snow density, and water input rate as the laboratory experiments. Model evaluation focused on the timing of water movement, thickness of the upper layer affected by ponding, water content profiles and wet snow fraction. Simulation results showed that the model reconstructs relevant features of capillary barriers, including ponding in the upper layer, preferential infiltration far from the interface, and the timing of liquid water arrival at the snow base. In contrast, the area of preferential flow paths was usually underestimated and consequently the averaged water content in areas characterized by preferential flow paths was also underestimated. Improving the representation of preferential infiltration into initially dry snow is necessary to reproduce the transition from a dry-snow-dominant condition to a wet-snow-dominant one, especially in long-period simulations.
Tree-based mesh-refinement GPU accelerated tsunami simulator for
real time operation
Authors: Arce Acuña Marlon , Aoki Takayuki
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This paper presents a fast and accurate tsunami real time operational model to compute across-ocean wide-simulations completely on GPU. The spherical shallow water equations are solved using the method of characteristics and upwind cubic-interpolation, to provide high accuracy and stability. A customized, user interactive, tree based mesh refinement method is implemented based on distance from the coast and focal areas to generate a memory efficient domain with resolutions of up to 50 m. Three GPU kernels, specialized and optimized (wet, wall and inundation) are developed to compute the domain block mesh. Multi-GPU is used to further speed up the computation and a weighted Hilbert space filling curve is used to produce balanced work load. Hindcasting of the 2004 Indonesia tsunami is presented to validate and compare the agreement of the arrival times and main peaks at several gauges. Inundation maps are also produced for Kamala and Hambantota to validate the accuracy of our model. Test runs on three Tesla P100 cards on Tsubame 3.0 could fully simulate 10 hours in just under 10 minutes wall clock time.
How Neoliberalism Got Organized: A Usable History for Resisters, With Special Reference to Education
Authors: Fink Ben
Published: November 2017

Neoliberalism is not a catch-all term for the evils of capitalism. Nor is it a fantasy invented by leftists. It is a long-term, strategic organizing campaign—a kind of civil rights movement for corporations—conducted by a network of people and groups who openly called themselves “neoliberals” until they decided it would be more strategic to cover their tracks. While neoliberalism may now seem universal and even unstoppable, it began in the 1930s and 40s as an all-too-familiar organizing effort, led largely by people within higher education. To understand the early history of the neoliberal campaign, in its fallible, human dimensions, is to understand how educators and educational institutions can organize to change the world—and to understand how another similar group of educators and institutions might organize ourselves to defeat them.
Campus Community Literacy Initiatives as Preparation for Civic Life
Authors: Donahue David M. , Autry Mary Murray , Cotterman Karin
Published: November 2017

Like many U.S. universities with service learning and community engagement programs, the University of San Francisco (USF) works to serve the literacy needs of young people in local public schools. Through its Engage San Francisco initiative, USF meets community identified needs, while it also prepares university students for civic life in democratic communities. Faculty and administrators engaged in university school literacy partnerships have a responsibility not only to prepare college students for success as tutors, but for a lifetime of thoughtful, socially just and equity-minded decision making. University-school partnerships focused on literacy provide ideal contexts for questioning assumptions about the purpose and methods of public schools and educating university students about education for the common good.
(Re)framing Citizenship Education in the Philippines: A Twenty-First Century Imperative
Authors: Adarlo Genejane Monroy
Published: November 2017

In this era of globalization when local issues have global implications and global concerns manifest locally, traditional citizenship education aimed toward national unity and consciousness is no longer relevant. Thus, for nation-states such as the Philippines, there is a growing need to incorporate a global dimension to citizenship education. In this paper, I discuss salient points in the history of the Philippines to help the reader understand the trajectories of the Filipinos as a nation. I then identify the challenges to educate Filipinos to the civic demands of the twenty-first century and consider the value of a critical approach to citizenship education in acting against the legacies of colonization, dictatorship, and neoliberalism. Finally, I explore service learning in (re)framing citizenship education in the Philippines, highlighting the importance of reciprocity and critical reflection to bring about a citizenry committed to social transformation.
The Dissertation Dilemma and the Challenge of American Graduate Education
Authors: Loss Christopher P. , Ryan, Jr. Christopher J.
Published: November 2017

As challenges to graduate education mount, so too have calls for reevaluating the dissertation. This article argues that the dissertation is a critical institution by which knowledge production is disciplined; however, alternative models of credentialing expertise are warranted. We explore the “dissertation dilemma” by explaining that the modern university's legitimacy hinges on the expert authority that the dissertation confers and the social deference that it commands. Next, we discuss shortcomings of the dissertation process, namely that it is supposed to sift out amateurs from experts, which negatively impacts demographically underrepresented doctoral candidates while failing to prevent the overproduction of Ph.D.s. Lastly, we evaluate reform proposals that have emerged as awareness of the challenges with graduate education has grown. We argue that these reform efforts have raised important questions about the university's role in American society that demand serious reflection on the part of stakeholders in and beyond the academy.
The mass/count distinction in Japanese from the perspective of partitivity
Authors: Watanabe Akira
Published: November 2017

This article presents a novel set of observations concerning partitive constructions that indicate that bare nouns in Japanese can be marked with the singular/plural distinction, despite the absence of its overt morphological reflection. The new data set challenges the currently dominant view that bare nouns are number-neutral in classifier languages. A way of accommodating the phenomenon with the syntactically represented singular/plural distinction is provided. Implications for noun classification are also discussed. It is then concluded that it is a mistake to regard Japanese nouns with count semantics as furniture-type nouns and that we need to recognize the familiar mass/count distinction in the language.
How Many Bullets Do You Need? Contrasting and Comparing Behavioral Outcomes and Cognitive Abilities When Using a Semiautomatic Versus Automatic Firearm
Authors: Biggs Adam T.
Published: November 2017

Civilian, police, and military policies about firearms attract significant attention, yet the corresponding discussions tend to focus on retrospective evidence, such as the effectiveness of previous policies or reactions to recent tragedy. Less attention is devoted to proactive research issues. In particular, recent evidence has demonstrated a strong link between shooting performance and cognitive abilities, which provides numerous implications for policy decisions, assessment procedures, and firearm training. One important issue is how the weapon’s rate of fire affects performance. Specifically, how does behavior differ when one is using a semiautomatic versus automatic weapon, and which cognitive abilities are most important with each weapon type? Results indicated that participants fired nearly twice as many rounds when armed with automatic versus semiautomatic weapons, yet they showed no difference in successfully neutralizing hostile targets. However, participants were more than twice as likely to inflict civilian casualties with automatic weapons, and different cognitive tasks aligned with the likelihood of inflicting civilian casualties for each specific weapon type. This evidence suggests substantial differences in shooting behavior based on the rate of fire. Furthermore, the cognitive evidence predicted performance regarding hostile casualties and civilian casualties inflicted even when accounting for differences in gender, previous firearm use, and video game experience. This evidence supports the idea that different cognitive mechanisms may underlie different aspects of shooting performance, which could allow for targeted assessments and training based on firearm type.
Proximity to Task: A Prerequisite for Two Cognitive Biases
Authors: Bates Kathryn B. , Peynircioğlu Zehra F.
Published: November 2017

Proximity to an event or task can alter one’s perception or judgment in many situations. We extended such findings to two cognitive biases in decision making and showed that one’s psychological proximity to the task was a prerequisite that had to be met before the illusion of control and the framing effect could arise. In Experiment 1, a coin-tossing task was used to create an illusion of control. Unlike the participants who reported their guesses to the experimenter directly, participants who reported their guesses while watching themselves engage in the task on a monitor, and were thus distanced to some extent from the task, did not show an illusion of control. In Experiment 2, the Asian disease decision-making task was used to show a framing effect. The same distancing procedure as in Experiment 1 removed the participants’ wording-based risk preference bias. Thus, the proximity prerequisite was shown to extend also to the framing effect. We discuss the findings within the framework of explanations offered for these two biases and suggest that a prerequisite of proximity may generalize to other decision-making biases.
Are You Sure You’re Faster When Using a Cognitive Tool?
Authors: Virgo Jérémy , Pillon Jonathan , Navarro Jordan , Reynaud Emanuelle , Osiurak François
Published: November 2017

Humans might have a “tool-related bias” consisting of using tools, even when they do not provide benefits compared with natural abilities. Here, we report evidence for this tool-related bias with a cognitive tool (i.e., a calculator). The task was to make series of six additions. Some series were faster to complete by mental calculation and others with the calculator. In five experiments, participants had to actually perform these additions by mental calculation or with the calculator, to estimate the time spent to perform the series with each option, and to choose which option was faster to compute the series. Our main finding is that people overestimate the time benefits provided by the calculator, confirming the existence of a tool-related bias for cognitive tools. This finding opens a promising avenue for understanding the cognitive bases of this bias.
Milk hygiene in small ruminants: A review
Authors: Gonzalo Carlos
Published: November 2017

Somatic cell count (SCC), mammary pathogens prevalence, total and specific bacterial counts, antimicrobial residues, macroscopic sediment, water addition, aflatoxins and other contaminants constitute the basis for milk payment-schemes, monitoring and improvement of flock hygiene and health management, and development of analytical surveillance programs in the dairy small ruminants. The present work reviews factors influencing the variation of these variables, including milk analytical methods, storage and preservation, along with management implications during the last two decades. Following farmer and cooperative educational programs, progressive reductions have been reported for total bacterial count and antimicrobial residue occurrence in bulk tank milk. These results were consistent, however, with high values for SCC and specific bacterial populations. Thus, mastitis control programs should be intensified to increase hygiene in milk and economic returns for producers and processors. In addition, the implementation of programs to reduce specific bacterial counts (i.e., psychrotrophs, coliforms, Clostridium spp. spores) and mammary pathogen prevalence (i.e., Staph. aureus, Mycoplasma spp.), as well as the use of combined screening methods for an increased rate of antimicrobial detection, are currently required strategies which are positively valuated by milk processors, industry and consumers. Other contaminants may also be present, but cost-effective screening and analytical systems have not yet been implemented. This review aims to be helpful for troubleshooting milk quality and safety, developing future premium payment systems and industry quality-standards, optimizing management, on-farm risk traceability systems and consumer acceptance.
The Periodic Table Possible Coincided with an Unfolded Shape of Atomic Nuclei
Authors: Mao Jianping
Published: November 2017

The periodic table seems to correspond to folding nuclei, a visible proton (nucleon) distribution, that can grow vertical 4 a (representative), 4 b (transition), and 8 c (inner transition) axes (alpha-clusters) bound with valence neutrons standing a core (1st period) of likely expanding in Co, Ni, Rh, and Pd, which was naturally within proton and neutron drop lines, and roughly able to fit in with nuclear fission phenomena, including alpha-cluster decay. It was observed in analysis molecular structures that crosses nuclear, atomic, and molecular three levels, which provides a convenient way that will enable the nature of the periodic table promisingly to become easier understanding.
Using WhatsApp to Enhance Students’ Learning of English Language “Experience to Share”
Authors: Hamad Mona M.
Published: November 2017

Education system has developed rapidly, technology has invaded our life, everyone has smart phone these days, using WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Telegram, etc. No one can deny that the generation we teach these days, has become addicted to these applications, for social relationship and fun. In 2012 when I started teaching in KSA, Blackboard has been newly introduced for teaching in King Khalid University, but most of the students were reluctant to use it due to net access problems and unfamiliarity. This study was conducted in College of Science & Arts Majarda King Khalid University, English Department. The population of the study were 36 female students from 1st level who were studying Listening & Speaking 1 course in the 1st semester 2013-2014. The researcher has used the analytical descriptive method to conduct this study in King Khalid University. A students’ questionnaire and instructor observation were the tools for collecting the data, results were coded manually and analyzed using SPSS. Almost all study-findings supported using WhatsApp to enhance students learning and enthusiasm, using WhatsApp helped students to develop English skills, enriched their vocabulary and learn from their mates mistakes, although the study laid out some disadvantages of the experience such as preparing the materials and having discipline in the group.
Percepties van verantwoordelijkheid in de multilevel democratie
Authors: de Blok Lisanne , van der Brug Wouter
Published: November 2017

Perceptions of responsibility in the multilevel democracy

The increased complexity of multilevel democracies makes the evaluation of the performances of the government an increasingly difficult task for citizens. Multilevel governance involves information costs, which makes it more difficult for citizens to give clear responsibility for government tasks to the correct level of government. This article contains the first study that is focussing on the responsibility perceptions in the Netherlands. The authors do not just look at who citizens hold responsible for certain government tasks, but they also look at the consequences of these perceptions for the mechanism of accountability. The satisfaction of citizens are with the policy in a particular area should only influence the political support for the level of government they hold responsible. Results of the research are that in line with this perspective a strong correlation exists between satisfaction with the pursued policy and trust of the citizens in this government, in proportion as they hold a level of government more responsible. On the other hand there are large differences between citizens, that correlate with their level of education. So there are also large groups of citizens for whom it is not possible to keep governments responsible for the policy pursued, because they simply do not know which government is responsible.
A relação da escola estratégica de aprendizado e da escola cultural com processos de produção de software ágil
Authors: Perucci Camilo César , Campos Fernando Celso de
Published: November 2017

Produção de software é uma atividade complexa que necessita de um método adequado. A evolução de métodos e a adoção de novas práticas são constantes em disciplinas relacionadas à engenharia de software. Os métodos ágeis são utilizados em projetos desenvolvidos para tornar a produção mais eficiente, econômica e de qualidade. As características coletivas e colaborativas dos métodos ágeis indicam uma relação com a escola estratégica de aprendizado e a cultural. Para identificar outras relações e contribuições dessas escolas estratégicas para o aprimoramento do paradigma ágil, nesta pesquisa, apresenta-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura e analisam-se trabalhos que relacionam os temas. Evidenciou-se que o tema é atual e discutido mundialmente, destacando-se a importância de gestão de conhecimento como apoio ao processo de implantação de métodos ágeis. Identificaram-se também outras relações com a escola estratégica de aprendizado e a cultural, como as características incremental e evolutiva, adaptação a mudanças e integração da equipe de projeto.
Sistemas produto-serviço e características sustentáveis: uma análise comparativa de cinco sistemas de compartilhamento de bicicletas
Authors: Molinari Jaqueline , Cauchick-Miguel Paulo A.
Published: November 2017

De forma a gerar alternativas de consumo e a atingir resultados sustentáveis, os Sistemas Produto-Serviço (PSS) se apresentam como estratégias competitivas para substituir a venda somente de produtos pela oferta de uma solução que agrega produtos e serviços, e propicia menores impactos ambientais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo neste trabalho é levantar e analisar características fundamentais de um PSS em situações empíricas na Europa e na América do Sul. Analisam-se cinco sistemas de compartilhamento de bicicletas (bike sharing), os quais são discutidos conforme as particularidades que definem a sua operação pelas perspectivas de um PSS. São obtidos quadros com dados comparativos dos cinco programas selecionados e analisados, sendo observadas as suas características com base nas dimensões da sustentabilidade.
Pharmacological augmentation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) protects against paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: LoCoco Peter M , Risinger April L , Smith Hudson R , Chavera Teresa S , Berg Kelly A , Clarke William P
Published: November 2017

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) arises from collateral damage to peripheral afferent sensory neurons by anticancer pharmacotherapy, leading to debilitating neuropathic pain. No effective treatment for CIPN exists, short of dose-reduction which worsens cancer prognosis. Here, we report that stimulation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) produced robust neuroprotection in an aggressive CIPN model utilizing the frontline anticancer drug, paclitaxel (PTX). Daily treatment of rats with the first-in-class NAMPT stimulator, P7C3-A20, prevented behavioral and histologic indicators of peripheral neuropathy, stimulated tissue NAD recovery, improved general health, and abolished attrition produced by a near maximum-tolerated dose of PTX. Inhibition of NAMPT blocked P7C3-A20-mediated neuroprotection, whereas supplementation with the NAMPT substrate, nicotinamide, potentiated a subthreshold dose of P7C3-A20 to full efficacy. Importantly, P7C3-A20 blocked PTX-induced allodynia in tumored mice without reducing antitumoral efficacy. These findings identify enhancement of NAMPT activity as a promising new therapeutic strategy to protect against anticancer drug-induced peripheral neurotoxicity.
Systematic proteomic analysis of LRRK2-mediated Rab GTPase phosphorylation establishes a connection to ciliogenesis
Authors: Steger Martin , Diez Federico , Dhekne Herschel S , Lis Pawel , Nirujogi Raja S , Karayel Ozge , Tonelli Francesca , Martinez Terina N , Lorentzen Esben , Pfeffer Suzanne R , Alessi Dario R , Mann Matthias
Published: November 2017

We previously reported that Parkinson’s disease (PD) kinase LRRK2 phosphorylates a subset of Rab GTPases on a conserved residue in their switch-II domains (Steger et al., 2016) (PMID: 26824392). Here, we systematically analyzed the Rab protein family and found 14 of them (Rab3A/B/C/D, Rab5A/B/C, Rab8A/B, Rab10, Rab12, Rab29, Rab35 and Rab43) to be specifically phosphorylated by LRRK2, with evidence for endogenous phosphorylation for ten of them (Rab3A/B/C/D, Rab8A/B, Rab10, Rab12, Rab35 and Rab43). Affinity enrichment mass spectrometry revealed that the primary ciliogenesis regulator, RILPL1 specifically interacts with the LRRK2-phosphorylated forms of Rab8A and Rab10, whereas RILPL2 binds to phosphorylated Rab8A, Rab10, and Rab12. Induction of primary cilia formation by serum starvation led to a two-fold reduction in ciliogenesis in fibroblasts derived from pathogenic LRRK2-R1441G knock-in mice. These results implicate LRRK2 in primary ciliogenesis and suggest that Rab-mediated protein transport and/or signaling defects at cilia may contribute to LRRK2-dependent pathologies.
Anthropogenic water sources and the effects on Sonoran Desert small mammal communities
Authors: Switalski Aaron B. , Bateman Heather L.
Published: November 2017

Anthropogenic water sources (AWS) are developed water sources used as a management tool for desert wildlife species. Studies documenting the effects of AWS are often focused on game species; whereas, the effects on non-target wildlife are less understood. We used live trapping techniques to investigate rodent abundance, biomass, and diversity metrics near AWS and paired control sites; we sampled vegetation to determine rodent-habitat associations in the Sauceda Mountains of the Sonoran Desert in Arizona. A total of 370 individual mammals representing three genera and eight species were captured in 4,800 trap nights from winter 2011 to spring 2012. A multi-response permutation procedure was used to identify differences in small mammal community abundance and biomass by season and treatment. Rodent abundance, biomass, and richness were greater at AWS compared to control sites. Patterns of abundance and biomass were driven by the desert pocket mouse (Chaetodipus penicillatus) which was the most common capture and two times more numerous at AWS compared to controls. Vegetation characteristics, explored using principal components analysis, were similar between AWS and controls. Two species that prefer vegetation structure, Bailey’s pocket mouse (C. baileyi) and white-throated woodrat (Neotoma albigula), had greater abundances and biomass near AWS and were associated with habitat having high cactus density. Although small mammals do not drink free-water, perhaps higher abundances of some species of desert rodents at AWS could be related to artificial structure associated with construction or other resources. Compared to the 30-year average of precipitation for the area, the period of our study occurred during a dry winter. During dry periods, perhaps AWS provide resources to rodents related to moisture.
Avaliação da via aérea superior em pacientes Classe III submetidos à cirurgia ortognática – Revisão de Literatura
Authors: Castro-Silva Lucas Martins , Pereira-Filho Valfrido Antônio , De  Moraes Márcio , Pereira Carla Maria Melleiro Gimenez
Published: November 2017

Introdução: A configuração e as dimensões da via aérea superior são determinadas pelas estruturas anatômicas como: tecidos moles, musculatura e esqueleto craniofacial, que compõem ou circundam a faringe. As alterações anatômicas dos tecidos moles e/ou do esqueleto craniofacial poderão tornar a via aérea superior (VAS) mais estreita. A cirurgia ortognática, que é utilizada na correção das deformidades dento-esqueléticas, leva também a alterações na VAS. Objetivo: Em vista dos fatos apresentados, o presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre as alterações da via aérea superior em pacientes classe III submetidos à cirurgia ortognática. Metodologia: Foram selecionados artigos originais e de revisão publicados entre 1990 e 2010, em duas bases de dados bibliográficos –Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde (Pubmed) e Porta de Periódicos CAPES. Resultados: Foram selecionados trinta e nove (39) artigos para a escrita dessa revisão. Conclusão: A via aérea superior e a deformidade dento-esquelética classe III devem ser avaliadas cuidadosamente antes da cirurgia ortognática e sempre que o planejamento cirúrgico permitir deve-se preferir os avanços maxilares aos recuos mandibulares.
Avaliação educativa de promoção da saúde baseado em competências nas ações de primeiros socorros na construção civil: relato de experiência da fisioterapia
Authors: Macena Raimunda Hermelinda Maia , Braga Darling Kescia Araújo Peixoto , Amaral Luana Bandeira De Mello , Souza Daniel Lucas De Lima , Rodrigues Bruno Noronha , De Vasconcelos Thiago Brasileiro , Fontenelle Maria Aridenise Macena
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: Descrever um relato de experiência da prática extensionista-docente utilizando o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Metodologia: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, interpretativa através da descrição das fases de elaboração, implantação e avaliação por competências de um modelo educativo multiprofissional de promoção da saúde, centrados nas tomadas de decisão e no comportamento individual, no que se refere aos cuidados iniciais nos casos de acidentes nos canteiros de obra na construção civil. Resultados: Pesquisa de base referencial que utiliza como técnica de coleta de dados a leitura de artigos relativos a modelos teóricos de educação por pares, modelo explicativo da promoção da saúde, elaboração de fichamentos e a observação assistemática. Propõe uma capacitação para estudantes com carga horária de 12horas/aula em três blocos, a saber: planejamento da ação educativa, primeiros socorros, gestão e segurança no trabalho. Conclusão: A experiência da ação educativa entre acadêmicos de Fisioterapia e de Engenharia Civil revelou que há habilidades didático-pedagógicas a serem aprimoradas nos dois segmentos, mas que a contribuição desta parceria trará ganho para a saúde e segurança nos canteiros de obras.
Efeitos do consumo de cannabis na função respiratória
Authors: Barros Raquel , Raposo Liliana
Published: November 2017

Introdução: A cannabis é a droga ilícita mais usada nas sociedades desenvolvidas. Excetuando os componentes psicoativos, a cannabis e o tabaco possuem uma mistura semelhante de tóxicos e irritantes. Muitas vezes a cannabis é misturada com o tabaco quer durante o seu consumo quer como hábito inalatório concomitante, o que torna difícil isolar os efeitos nocivos para a saúde causados por estas duas substâncias. Objetivo: Caracterizar os efeitos do consumo de cannabis na função respiratória. Resultados: O consumo de cannabis associada ou não a tabaco pode promover alterações funcionais respiratórias que se manifestam predominantemente pela diminuição da condutância específica e da relação entre o volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo e a capacidade vital forçada. Também outros parâmetros podem sofrer modificações, tais como o volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo, a resistência das vias aéreas e a capacidade de difusão do monóxido de carbono. Conclusão: Através da análise da literatura é possível verificar que a inalação desta substância afeta a função respiratória, majoritariamente as vias aéreas de maior calibre.
Análise comparativa do controle glicêmico de crianças com diabetes melito tipo 1 com base na distribuição de insumos: capital x interior da Bahia
Authors: Andrade Carlos Jefferson Do Nascimento , Dantas Alves Crésio De Aragão
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: Analisar o controle glicêmico de crianças com diabetes melito tipo 1 (DM1), com base na distribuição de insumos na capital e no interior baiano. Metodologia: Estudo de corte transversal realizado entre abril e agosto de 2013, nos Serviços de Endocrinologia Pediátrica de dois hospitais públicos universitários de Salvador, Bahia, avaliando crianças pré-púberes, com DM1. As características sociodemográficas, clínicas e de aquisição de insumos foram mensuradas por um questionário estruturado para pesquisa. Estas variáveis foram comparadas aos resultados da hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c). Resultados: Foram estudadas 68 crianças portadoras de DM1, 36 (52,9%) delas residiam em cidades do interior do Estado. Constatou-se que foi garantido fornecimento gratuito dos insumos: insulina a 10 (14,7%) pacientes, seringa a 7 (10,3%) pacientes, glicosímetro e fitas reagentes de glicemia a 5 (7,3%) e 4 (5,9%), respectivamente. Quando comparado o controle glicêmico, no grupo de pacientes residentes em Salvador, 9  (13,2%) crianças apresentaram valores de HbA1c dentro da taxa esperada e 23 (33,8%), encontravam-se acima dos valores de referência. Discussão: <span style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Apesar dos avanços legislativos, constatou-se que nem todas as crianças estão asseguradas quanto à aquisição de insumos, tendo que adquiri-los com recursos próprios, de forma insuficiente, fazendo reuso ou até não realizando o cuidado como indicado pela equipe, pela falta de material. Conclusão: As crianças, de Salvador e interior do estado, adquirem insumos da rede pública de saúde, contudo, essa distribuição se torna ausente e/ou insuficiente para alguns dos participantes. Os resultados apresentados fornecem elementos para uma reflexão sobre as políticas e práticas desenvolvidas no estado. 
Eventos adversos nasofaríngeos da pressão positiva contínua em vias aéreas em pacientes com asma grave e apneia obstrutiva do sono
Authors: Landeiro Renata Brito Rocha , Salles Cristina , Do Amaral Santine Ferreira , Souza-Machado Adelmir
Published: November 2017

Introdução: Pacientes com asma grave e síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) apresentam frequência elevada de sintomas sugestivos de rinite, tais como ressecamento nasal e de faringe, rinorréia e espirros que podem ser agravados com o tratamento com pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas (CPAP). O CPAP constitui-se em uma das opções terapêuticas para indivíduos com SAOS moderada e grave. Apesar de efetivo, a adesão ao CPAP nasal (nCPAP) é variável, sendo a intolerância à máscara e a presença de sintomas nasofaríngeos problemas clínicos observados. Objetivo: descrever os efeitos adversos nasofaríngeos da nCPAP durante a titulação em pacientes com asma grave e SAOS. Metodologia: Foram avaliados 21 indivíduos asmáticos adultos de ambos os sexos, admitidos no Programa de Controle da Asma na Bahia. Todos realizaram polissonografia basal e com titulação de CPAP; receberam orientação sobre o tratamento e foram submetidos a um criterioso ajuste da máscara. Resultado: Entre os pacientes estudados, 20 (95,2%) apresentaram sintomas nasofaríngeos durante a titulação de CPAP. Ressecamento de faringe e oral foram os sintomas mais frequentes, pois estiveram presentes em 12 (57,0%) e 8 (38,1%) dos pacientes. Outros sintomas relatados foram: 7 (33,4%) cefaleia, 6 (28,5%) obstrução nasal, 6 (28,5%) prurido nasal, 4 (19,1%) ressecamento nasal, 4 (19,1%) dor compressiva, 3 (14,2%) rinorréia, 3 (14,2%) lesão na pele, 2 (9,6%) ressecamento ocular e 1 (4,8%) espirros. Conclusão: Pacientes asmáticos submetidos à terapia com nCPAP apresentaram<span style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> elevada frequência de ressecamento oral e de faringe.
The dual effects of the astrocyte‐specific enhancer of the AQP4 M1 promoter
Authors: Abe Yoichiro , Goda Wakami , Ikeshima‐Kataoka Hiroko , Yasui Masato
Published: November 2017

Aquaporin‐4, a predominant water channel in the central nervous system, has two isoforms, M1 and M23, whose transcripts are driven by distinct promoters. Using a reporter assay, we found that a fragment located between exons 0 and 1 of the mouse aquaporin‐4 gene, which had been thought to be the promoter for M23, lacked enhancers functioning in astrocytes. When the astrocyte‐specific enhancer (ASE) of the M1 promoter is connected to the putative M23 core promoter, it also works in astrocytes. Importantly, the ASE inhibits downstream promoter activity in NIH3T3 cells, indicating that the ASE also functions as a silencer in cells lacking aquaporin‐4.
Atmospheric Inputs of Iron and Manganese to Coastal Waters of the Southern California Current System: Seasonality, Santa Ana Winds, and Biogeochemical Implications
Authors: Félix‐Bermúdez A. , Delgadillo‐Hinojosa F. , Huerta‐Diaz M. A. , Camacho‐Ibar V. , Torres‐Delgado E. V.
Published: November 2017

The magnitude and temporal variability of mineral dust deposition and its associated Fe and Mn inputs to coastal waters of the California Current System (CCS) has been scarcely investigated. Here we report a 5 year time series (April 2010 to December 2014) of mineral dust (Fdust), Fe (FFe), and Mn (FMn) fluxes to the coastal zone of the southern CCS. Atmospheric deposition displayed a strong seasonal trend, with lowest Fdust, FFe, and FMn during the warm season (May–October), a period dominated by strong moisture‐laden winds of oceanic origin. In contrast, the highest Fdust, FFe, and FMn were recorded during the cool season (November–April), a period characterized by strong winds devoid of moisture coming from the mainland. Our analysis suggests that Santa Ana Wind events could contribute with ∼15%, 20%, and 24%, respectively, to the total annual input of dust, Fe and Mn to the region. Besides, atmospheric soluble Fe inputs are equivalent to between 11% (warm season) and 35% (cool season) of the dissolved Fe supplied by upwelling. Our calculations indicate that atmospheric Fe deposition could explain between ∼5% (warm season) and 15% (cool season) of primary production reported for the southern CCS, suggesting that this route could also be an important input of Fe for primary producers in this region. Finally, the average Fdust, FFe, and FMn for the cool seasons showed a positive interannual trend that was significantly correlated with an intensification of drought conditions over the period 2010–2014 in northwest of Mexico and southwest of the United States.
Understanding the Hydromechanical Behavior of a Fault Zone From Transient Surface Tilt and Fluid Pressure Observations at Hourly Time Scales
Authors: Schuite Jonathan , Longuevergne Laurent , Bour Olivier , Burbey Thomas J. , Boudin Frédérick , Lavenant Nicolas , Davy Philippe
Published: November 2017

Flow through reservoirs such as fractured media is powered by head gradients which also generate measurable poroelastic deformation of the rock body. The combined analysis of surface deformation and subsurface pressure provides valuable insights of a reservoir's structure and hydromechanical properties, which are of interest for deep‐seated CO2 or nuclear waste storage for instance. Among all surveying tools, surface tiltmeters offer the possibility to grasp hydraulically induced deformations over a broad range of time scales with a remarkable precision. Here we investigate the information content of transient surface tilt generated by the pressurization a kilometer scale subvertical fault zone. Our approach involves the combination of field data and results of a fully coupled poromechanical model. The signature of pressure changes in the fault zone due to pumping cycles is clearly recognizable in field tilt data and we aim to explain the peculiar features that appear in (1) tilt time series alone from a set of four instruments and 2) the ratio of tilt over pressure. We evidence that the shape of tilt measurements on both sides of a fault zone is sensitive to its diffusivity and its elastic modulus. The ratio of tilt over pressure predominantly encompasses information about the system's dynamic behavior and extent of the fault zone and allows separating contributions of flow in the different compartments. Hence, tiltmeters are well suited to characterize hydromechanical processes associated with fault zone hydrogeology at short time scales, where spaceborne surveying methods fail to recognize any deformation signal.