bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporary mechanical support in the peripartum patient as a bridge to postpartum recovery: A report of three cases
Authors: Jimenez Yomary , Elzeneini Mohammed , Siddique Nasir F. , Vilaro Juan , Aranda Juan , Al‐Ani Mohammad , Park Ki , Wen Tony S. , Egerman Robert S. , Jeng Eric I. , Ahmed Mustafa M. , Parker Alex M.
Published: July 2024

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a severe complication of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). Patients with deteriorating CS often require temporary mechanical circulatory support. In PPCM, this can be used as a bridge to postpartum recovery or bridge to decision. The outcomes are unclear, especially if prolonged utilization is required. We present a case series of three patients with PPCM in deteriorating CS who were successfully supported with a ventricular assist device or veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to postpartum recovery.
Spatial distribution of bedforms and related flow processes around canyon mouths: Insights from the Rovuma Basin (offshore Mozambique)
Authors: Chen Yuhang , Lu Yintao , Wang Xiaofeng , Fan Guozhang , Li Lin , Xu Xiaoyong , Zuo Guoping , Shao Dali , Cao Quanbin
Published: July 2024

Bedforms associated with turbidite systems are commonly observed on seafloor. Previous studies have analysed bedform morphological and sedimentary features to determine their formation mechanisms and flow dynamics. However, the seafloor topography and ocean circulation have comprehensively influenced both down‐ and along‐slope turbidity flow processes, complicating the spatial distribution of the related bedforms. Three‐dimensional seismic data (3D) were used to depict the morphological and sedimentary features of the bedforms around the canyon mouth on the slope of the Rovuma Basin (offshore Mozambique), to reveal the spatial distribution and related flow processes of the bedforms. The results show that the spatial morphological and sedimentary features of the submarine bedforms at canyon mouths are controlled by the combined action of down‐ and along‐slope factors. The along‐slope bottom currents influence the deposition distribution of the turbidity current at the canyon mouth. However, slope breaks control bedform morphological and sedimentary features during downslope turbidity currents. Coarse‐grained material of turbidity current flows along the axial zone of the canyon mouth, forming a linear series of crescent‐shaped net‐erosional cyclic steps characterized by short steep stoss sides and long gentle lee sides. The fine‐grained material of the turbidity currents is deflected towards the northern flank of the axial zone by the bottom currents and deposited as undulating net‐depositional cyclic steps at upper reach of the northern flank, showing long gentle stoss sides and short steep sides. Slope breaks enhance the erosion on cyclic steps by altering the velocity of turbidity current, forming net‐erosional cyclic steps with the manifestation of both short and steep stoss and lee sides at lower reaches of northern flank. The turbidity current in the axial zone formed lateral flow diversions caused by the obstruction of the cyclic steps. The flow diversions converge with the downslope flowing unconfined turbidity current at the northern flank and constitute a confluence characterized by continuous variation of flow properties, forming the cyclic steps featuring irregular morphology.
Boosting Design Thinking adoption in organisations through a game‐based toolkit: A gamified approach in building facilitators to overcome Design Thinking adoption barriers
Authors: Carella Gianluca , Melazzini Michele , Cautela Cabirio , Zurlo Francesco
Published: July 2024

Design Thinking is increasingly used within organisations to achieve innovative results that give companies a competitive advantage. However, this is not an easily achievable result: companies face multiple obstacles that slow adoption and often force companies not to pursue adoption. The scientific community has not identified clear contributions that can help overcome the barriers discussed in the literature for years, giving the possibility to companies to boost Design Thinking adoption. By studying 10 private organisations that have adopted Design Thinking effectively, overcoming the main adoption obstacles, this study tries to identify which facilitators can be adopted to enable an effective adoption. This puts companies in a position to benefit from Design Thinking and achieve innovative performance. In any case, these represent complex notions to be even understood. As an additional result, the study recognises how game‐based formats enhance and facilitate the adoption mentioned above of Design Thinking within private organisations. The literature has already identified that game‐based formats facilitate the understanding and digestion of new concepts and procedures. This study expands the range of applications of gamified approaches in unconventional contexts and scope, verifying the benefits also in relation to Design Thinking. A new game‐based format has been designed for this research, which was also tested. The study demonstrates how the integration in the organisational culture of approaches such as Design Thinking through a gamified format represents one of the critical ways companies can embrace to face the internal tension of transformation, speeding up the adoption process to give companies the possibility to adopt innovation processes faster.
Surface Cues Explain the Logic‐Liking Effect in Disjunctions
Authors: Meyer‐Grant Constantin G. , Poggel Dorothea , Klauer Karl Christoph
Published: July 2024

The finding that people tend to prefer logically valid conclusions over invalid ones is known in the literature as the logic‐liking effect and has traditionally been interpreted as evidence for the notion of so‐called logical intuitions. Results of more recent empirical studies investigating conditional and categorical syllogisms suggest, however, that previous instances of the logic‐liking effect can be accounted for by a confound in terms of surface‐feature atmosphere. But the true nature of this atmosphere effect has so far remained largely elusive. Here, we address this issue and introduce two variants of disjunctive syllogisms that enable us to deconfound validity, possibility of the conclusion, and surface‐feature atmosphere, which has been impossible with simple disjunctive syllogisms used in earlier studies. Three experiments, in which participants were asked to provide liking and logic ratings for these arguments, revealed that the logic‐liking effect in disjunctive syllogisms can be explained by an atmosphere confound in combination with implied demand to consider logicality when judging likability. We also observed a strong atmosphere effect in logic ratings over and above an effect of logical validity per se. Furthermore, atmosphere effects appear to be induced only by specific surface features, namely those that are ecologically valid, if fallible, predictors for logicality. We conclude that acquired atmosphere heuristics provide proxies for logical validity that reasoners often take at face value. A comparison of the present results with previous findings from experiments that focused on conditional and categorical syllogisms additionally indicates that these atmosphere heuristics are used irrespective of an argument's complexity.
Learning multi‐modal recurrent neural networks with target propagation
Authors: Manchev Nikolay , Spratling Michael
Published: July 2024

Modelling one‐to‐many type mappings in problems with a temporal component can be challenging. Backpropagation is not applicable to networks that perform discrete sampling and is also susceptible to gradient instabilities, especially when applied to longer sequences. In this paper, we propose two recurrent neural network architectures that leverage stochastic units and mixture models, and are trained with target propagation. We demonstrate that these networks can model complex conditional probability distributions, outperform backpropagation‐trained alternatives, and do not rapidly degrade with increased time horizons. Our main contributions consist of the design and evaluation of the architectures that enable the networks to solve multi‐model problems with a temporal dimension. This also includes the extension of the target propagation through time algorithm to handle stochastic neurons. The use of target propagation provides an additional computational advantage, which enables the network to handle time horizons that are substantially longer compared to networks fitted using backpropagation.
PBPK‐led assessment of antimalarial drugs as candidates for Covid‐19: Simulating concentrations at the site of action to inform repurposing strategies
Authors: Abla Nada , Almond Lisa M. , Bonner Jennifer J. , Richardson Naomi , Wells Timothy N. C. , Möhrle Jörg J.
Published: July 2024

The urgent need for safe, efficacious, and accessible drug treatments to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) prompted a global effort to evaluate drug repurposing opportunities. Pyronaridine and amodiaquine are both components of approved antimalarials with in vitro activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). In vitro activity does not always translate to clinical efficacy across a therapeutic dose range. This study applied available, verified, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for pyronaridine, amodiaquine, and its active metabolite N‐desethylamodiaquine (DEAQ) to predict drug concentrations in lung tissue relative to plasma or blood in the default healthy virtual population. Lung exposures were compared to published data across the reported range of in vitro EC50 values against SARS‐CoV‐2. In the multicompartment permeability‐limited PBPK model, the predicted total Cmax in lung mass for pyronaridine was 34.2 μM on Day 3, 30.5‐fold greater than in blood (1.12 μM) and for amodiaquine was 0.530 μM, 8.83‐fold greater than in plasma (0.060 μM). In the perfusion‐limited PBPK model, the DEAQ predicted total Cmax on Day 3 in lung mass (30.2 μM) was 21.4‐fold greater than for plasma (1.41 μM). Based on the available in vitro data, predicted drug concentrations in lung tissue for pyronaridine and DEAQ, but not amodiaquine, appeared sufficient to inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 replication. Simulations indicated standard dosing regimens of pyronaridine‐artesunate and artesunate‐amodiaquine have potential to treat COVID‐19. These findings informed repurposing strategies to select the most relevant compounds for clinical investigation in COVID‐19. Clinical data for model verification may become available from ongoing clinical studies.
Atypical cellular neurothekeoma of the oral mucosa: A rare case report and literature review
Authors: Bezerra Hélen Kaline Farias , Nakamura Gabriele Prospero , Mariz Bruno Augusto Linhares Almeida , Lopes Rodrigo Nascimento , Prado José Divaldo , Roza Ana Luiza Oliveira Corrêa , Vargas Pablo Agustin
Published: July 2024

Cellular neurothekeoma (CN) is a benign dermal neoplasm that most often affects the head and neck region and rarely occurs in the oral mucosa. We report a rare case of CN with atypical features on the floor of the mouth and summarize the reported cases of oral CN in English‐language literature. A 62‐year‐old woman presented with a 6‐month history of a painless mass on the floor of the mouth. Histopathological analysis of the excised specimen revealed a proliferation of neoplastic cells with oval to spindle morphology arranged in a vaguely nested and multinodular architecture separated by scarce hyaline collagen within a predominantly myxoid‐rich stroma. The tumor cells were positive for NSE, and CD63 (NKI/C3), and negative for S100 protein, CD34, and SMA. Thus, the final diagnosis was CN. In addition, we summarized all clinicopathological data on oral CNs reported in the English‐language literature. Nineteen cases were reviewed. Among them, only one case affected the floor of the mouth of a young girl, in contrast to the present case that occurred in an elderly woman. CN is particularly rare in this location and may be a diagnostic challenge for oral pathologists due to its rarity and morphological similarity with other lesions.
Impact of peroral endoscopic myotomy on the endoscopic pressure study integrated system
Authors: Nishikawa Yohei , Inoue Haruhiro , Tanaka Ippei , Ito Shotaro , Azuma Daisuke , Ushikubo Kei , Yamamoto Kazuki , Okada Hiroki , Toshimori Akiko , Tanabe Mayo , Onimaru Manabu , Ito Takayoshi , Yokoyama Noboru , Shimamura Yuto
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The endoscopic pressure study integrated system (EPSIS) is an endoscopic diagnostic system utilized for evaluation of lower esophageal sphincter function. Although previous studies have determined that EPSIS was effective as a tool for the diagnosis of achalasia, it remains uncertain if EPSIS can detect significant changes before and after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), which is the premier treatment for achalasia. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of EPSIS as an objective diagnostic tool for assessing the clinical effect of POEM.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent POEM from January 2022 to December 2023. The patients underwent EPSIS preoperatively and 2 months postoperatively. Intragastric pressure (IGP) parameters, including the maximum IGP, IGP difference, and waveform gradient were compared pre‐ and post‐POEM. These parameters also were compared between two groups: the postoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) group and the non‐GERD group.

Results

A total of 50 patients were analyzed. The mean maximum IGP was significantly lower postoperatively than preoperatively (15.0 mmHg vs. 19.8 mmHg, P < 0.001). The mean IGP difference and waveform gradient were also significantly lower postoperatively than preoperatively (8.0 mmHg vs. 12.2 mmHg, P < 0.001; and 0.26 mmHg/s vs. 0.43 mmHg/s, P < 0.001, respectively). The mean postoperative waveform gradient was significantly lower in the GERD group (17 patients, 34%) than in the non‐GERD group (33 patients, 66%) (0.207 mmHg vs. 0.291 mmHg, P = 0.034).

Conclusion

The results supported the use of EPSIS as an effective diagnostic tool for assessing the effect of POEM.
“SEMS‐in‐SEMS” technique for the removal of embedded fully covered self‐expandable metal stents in benign pancreatic duct stricture
Authors: Shin Il Sang , Moon Jong Ho , Lee Yun Nah
Published: July 2024

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Impact of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis on mortality and kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A multi‐cohort longitudinal study
Authors: Zhao Lijun , Zeng Qingyue , Zhou Xiaoqin , Tang Linqiao , Wang Yujia , Han Qianqian , Zou Yutong , Xiao Xiang , Liu Ke , Ju Xuegui , Wu Yucheng , Li Xingyuan , Zhao Chuanyi , Liu Fang
Published: July 2024

Aim

To evaluate the impact of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presence and fibrosis risk on adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.

Methods

Data were sourced from two longitudinal cohorts: 1172 patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and 326 patients from the kidney biopsy cohort at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for NAFLD and liver fibrosis concerning adverse clinical outcomes. Subsequently, a two‐sample Mendelian randomization study using genome‐wide association study statistics explored NAFLD's potential causal link to cardio‐cerebrovascular events.

Results

In the NHANES cohort, NAFLD stood as an independent risk factor for various outcomes: overall mortality [HR 1.53 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.21‐1.95)], mortality because of cardio‐cerebrovascular diseases [HR 1.63 (95% CI 1.12‐2.37)], heart disease [HR 1.58 (95% CI 1.00‐2.49)], and cerebrovascular disease [HR 3.95 (95% CI 1.48‐10.55)]. Notably, advanced liver fibrosis, identified by a fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) score >2.67, exhibited associations with overall mortality, cardio‐cerebrovascular disease mortality and heart disease mortality. Within the kidney biopsy cohort, NAFLD correlated with future end‐stage kidney disease [ESKD; HR 2.17 (95% CI 1.41‐3.34)], while elevated FIB‐4 or NAFLD Fibrosis Scores predicted future ESKD, following full adjustment. Liver fibrosis was positively correlated with renal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy in biopsies. Further Mendelian randomization analysis supported a causal relationship between NAFLD and cardio‐cerebrovascular events.

Conclusions

In patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, the NAFLD presence and elevated FIB‐4 scores link to heightened mortality risk and ESKD susceptibility. Moreover, NAFLD shows a causal relationship with cardio‐cerebrovascular events.
The potential role of finerenone in patients with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Escobar Vasco Maria Adelaida , Fantaye Samuel H. , Raghunathan Sapna , Solis‐Herrera Carolina
Published: July 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global health concern, associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and decreased quality of life. Many patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) will develop CKD over their lifetime. Uncontrolled glucose levels, which occur in patients with T1D as well as type 2 diabetes (T2D), are associated with substantial mortality and cardiovascular disease burden. T2D and T1D share common pathological features of CKD, which is thought to be driven by haemodynamic dysfunction, metabolic disturbances, and subsequently an influx of inflammatory and profibrotic mediators, both of which are major interrelated contributors to CKD progression. The mineralocorticoid receptor is also involved, and, under conditions of oxidative stress, salt loading and hyperglycaemia, it switches from homeostatic regulator to pathophysiological mediator by promoting oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. Progressive glomerular and tubular injury leads to macroalbuminuria a progressive reduction in the glomerular filtration rate and eventually end‐stage renal disease. Finerenone, a non‐steroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, is approved for treatment of patients with CKD associated with T2D; however, the benefit of finerenone in patients with T1D has yet to be determined. This narrative review will discuss treatment of CKD in T1D and the potential future role of finerenone in this setting.
Cultivating black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae on coconut endosperm and soybean curd residue: Impact on growth performance, waste reduction efficiency and larval nutritional composition
Authors: Pliantiangtam Nichaphon , Kovitvadhi Uthaiwan , Chundang Pipatpong , Wongoutong Chantha , Hirunwong Apinya , Kovitvadhi Attawit
Published: July 2024

Black soldier fly larva (BSFL), Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), presents an attractive waste management solution that not only addresses the issue of waste but also generates alternative proteins and fats. Substrate quality and pre‐treatment by fermentation may play a crucial role in waste reduction efficiency and larval quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth performance, waste reduction efficiency and nutritional composition of BSFL rearing using different ratios of coconut endosperm (CE) and soybean curd residue (SC) with pre‐treatment by self‐fermentation (F), fermentation with baker's yeast (Y) and without pre‐treatment (C). Seven‐day‐old larvae were randomly separated into 15 experimental groups with three replicates. The experiment ended when the prepupae appeared. Based on the results, the larvae fed a diet with a high percentage of fresh SC exhibited the highest weight and growth rate, whereas the shortest development time was observed in larvae reared on Y. Pre‐treatment of the substrate with fermentation proved effective in waste reduction. The nutritional composition of the larvae showed that the highest crude protein was produced in larva reared on fresh 100% SC, and the highest ether extract was found when fed CE at 100% with pre‐treatment with F or Y. In conclusion, it is recommended to employ a fresh diet with a high SC content to optimise protein production, whereas a high level of CE with F or Y may be performed to obtain a high ether extract content. However, incorporating yeast fermentation with an SC content exceeding 25% provided high efficiency in waste reduction. Therefore, the selection of the ratio between CE and SC and of pre‐treatment techniques depends on the producer's objective.
Real‐world effectiveness of first‐line azacitidine or decitabine with or without venetoclax in acute myeloid leukemia patients unfit for intensive therapy
Authors: Acker Fabian , Chromik Jörg , Tiedjen Emily , Wolf Sebastian , Vischedyk Jonas B. , Makowka Philipp , Enßle Julius C. , Kouidri Khouloud , Sebastian Martin , Steffen Björn , Oellerich Thomas , Serve Hubert , Neubauer Andreas , Schäfer Jonas A. , Bittenbring Jörg T.
Published: July 2024

Background

First‐line treatment in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) unfit for intensive therapy is the combination of a hypomethylating agent (HMA) with venetoclax (VEN). However, retrospective data confirming the benefits of this regimen outside of clinical trials have shown conflicting results.

Methods

We performed a multicenter retrospective analysis of outcomes with first‐line HMA–VEN versus HMA in AML patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy.

Results

A total of 213 patients were included from three German hospitals (125 HMA–VEN, 88 HMA). Median overall survival in the HMA–VEN cohort was 7.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.1–14.7) versus 4.9 months (3.1–7.1) with HMA. After 1 year, 42% (95% CI, 33–54) and 19% (12–30) of patients were alive, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] for death, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46–0.88). After adjusting for clinical and molecular baseline characteristics, treatment with HMA–VEN remained significantly associated with both prolonged survival (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.29–0.77) and time to next treatment (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.47–0.85). Patients who achieved recovery of peripheral blood counts had a favorable prognosis (HR for death, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.33–0.84).

Discussion

These data align with findings from the pivotal VIALE‐A trial and support the use of HMA–VEN in patients unfit for intensive therapy.
The effect of parental age on the quantity and quality of offspring in Syngnathus typhle, a species with male pregnancy
Authors: Pappert Freya Adele , Kolbe Daniel , Dubin Arseny , Roth Olivia
Published: July 2024

Parental age impacts offspring quantity and quality. Most prior research focused on maternal age. Since in most organisms the mother produces the costly eggs plus provides all or most parental care, it is difficult to distinguish maternal effects mediated via the egg from later maternal care. Here, we addressed the effects of parental age on offspring in Syngnathus typhle, a pipefish with male pregnancy. The divide between one parent producing the eggs and the second parent being the exclusive provider of parental care facilitates a distinction between the effects of parental age on egg quality versus parental age on early development. We fully reciprocally crossed young and old mothers and young and old fathers and assessed impact of parental age combination on offspring number, offspring size, and offspring gene expression patterns. Neither parental combination significantly influenced offspring size or male gestation duration; however, they influenced the number of offspring. Paternal, but not maternal, age strongly affected the offspring gene expression. Offspring from old fathers exhibited substantial changes in the expression of genes related to cell cycle regulation, protein synthesis, DNA repair, and neurogenesis. Our findings thus highlight the importance of gestation, as opposed to gamete production, in shaping the parental contribution to offspring development.
Management of paracondylar process fracture in three horses
Authors: Beldeanu Sabina , Tay M. C. Aaron , Daniel Carola , Dosi Miranda C. M. , Hahn Caroline N. , James Oliver , Townsend Neil B. , Liuti Tiziana , Schwarz Tobias , Parkinson Nicholas J.
Published: July 2024

Background

Fractures of the paracondylar process of the occipital bone may cause headshaking, neck pain and neurologic deficits. The condition is being recognised more frequently with increasing availability of computed tomography. However, to date only limited information is available as to presentation, treatment, surgical approach and outcome.

Objectives

To describe the clinical signs, imaging findings, treatment, surgical approach and outcome in three horses diagnosed with paracondylar process fracture.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

Clinical records and diagnostic images of affected cases were reviewed.

Results

Two cases had ventral nonunion fractures—one of these presented with neck pain, headshaking and behavioural changes, while in the other the fracture was a suspected incidental finding in a case of poor performance. A third case with a more dorsal fracture presented with acute facial nerve paralysis. Diagnosis was by computed tomography in all cases, although imaging of ventral fractures by radiography was found to be feasible. Where clinical signs could be associated confidently with the fracture, conservative management resulted in improvement but not complete resolution. Repeated recurrence of clinical signs after prolonged periods of remission necessitated surgical removal in one case, which was readily accomplished with the aid of ultrasound guidance, and led to rapid resolution of clinical signs without significant post‐operative complications. The surgical approach is described.

Main limitations

Limited follow‐up was available.

Conclusions

Paracondylar process fracture should be considered as a differential diagnosis for headshaking, neck pain, poor performance and facial paresis, and is a justification for performing computed tomography in such cases. A multi‐disciplinary approach is beneficial due to the potential for orthopaedic, neurologic, ophthalmologic and behavioural clinical signs, with additional need for expertise in diagnostic imaging and pain management. Surgical fragment removal should be considered for ventral fractures.
Migraine heritability and beyond: A scoping review of twin studies
Authors: Olofsson Isa Amalie
Published: July 2024

Objective

This scoping review aimed to summarize current knowledge from twin studies on migraine. Migraine heritability, genetic correlations with migraine comorbid disorders, and the use of discordant twin pairs in migraine research are described. Further, the review considers the unused potential of twin studies in migraine research and reflects on future directions.

Background

Twin studies can be used to understand how heritable and environmental factors influence human traits and disorders. The classical twin design compares the resemblance of a trait in monozygotic twins to that in dizygotic twins. The classical twin design can be extended to estimate the genetic correlation between disorders, model causality, and describe differences within discordant twin pairs.

Methods

Studies focusing on migraine and using a twin study design were included. The search was performed on the PubMed‐MEDLINE database using the search terms “migraine” AND “twin” OR “twins.” It was done in May 2023, rerun in November 2023, and managed with the Covidence software.

Results

The search identified 52 twin studies on migraine. In 24 papers, the heritability of migraine was estimated with a classical twin design. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.36 to 0.48 for studies with adults, both men and women, and unspecified migraine. Migraine heritability was predominantly estimated with twin cohorts of North European ancestry, and only two studies examined migraine subtypes. A multilevel classical twin design was used in 11 studies to examine the co‐occurrence between migraine and comorbid disorders. The differences within migraine discordant twin pairs were examined in nine studies.

Conclusion

The heritability of migraine was estimated with a classical twin design in twin cohorts from seven different countries, with remarkably similar results across studies. Future studies should include migraine subtypes and twin cohorts of non‐North European ancestry to better reflect the global population. Beyond heritability estimations, the twin method is a valuable tool for understanding causality and describing differences within discordant twin pairs. Despite more than 80 years of twin studies in migraine research, the twin design has a large unused potential to advance our understanding of migraine.
Mapping the cited evidence of ductal carcinoma in situ from the 5th edition of the World Health Organisation classification of tumours of the breast
Authors: Wong Clarissa Jing Wen , Md Nasir Nur Diyana , Koh Valerie Cui Yun , Campbell Fiona , Fox Stephen , Lakhani Sunil R , Myles Nickolas , Yip George , Colling Richard , Cree Ian A , Lokuhetty Dilani , Tan Puay Hoon
Published: July 2024

Aims

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is recognised by the World Health Organisation (WHO) Classification of Tumours (WCT) as a non‐invasive neoplastic epithelial proliferation confined to the mammary ducts and lobules. This report categorises the references cited in the DCIS chapter of the 5th edition of the WCT (Breast Tumours) according to prevailing evidence levels for evidence‐based medicine and the Hierarchy of Evidence for Tumour Pathology (HETP), identifying potential gaps that can inform subsequent editions of the WCT for this tumour.

Methods and results

We included all citations from the DCIS chapter of the WCT (Breast Tumours, 5th edition). Each citation was appraised according to its study design and evidence level. We developed our map of cited evidence, which is a graphical matrix of tumour type (column) and tumour descriptors (rows). Spheres were used to represent the evidence, with size and colour corresponding to their number and evidence level respectively. Thirty‐six publications were retrieved. The cited literature in the DCIS chapter comprised mainly case series and were regarded as low‐level. We found an unequal distribution of citations among tumour descriptors. ‘Pathogenesis’ and ‘prognosis and prediction’ contained the most references, while ‘clinical features’, ‘aetiology’ and ‘diagnostic molecular pathology’ had only a single citation each. ‘Prognosis and prediction’ had the greatest proportion of moderate‐ and high‐levels of evidence.

Conclusion

Our findings align with the disposition for observational studies inherent in the field of pathology. Our map is a springboard for future efforts in mapping all available evidence on DCIS, potentially augmenting the editorial process and future editions of WCTs.
Simultaneously enhanced ferroelectric and magnetic properties of SrTiO3‐modified Bi0.88Sm0.12FeO3 ceramics
Authors: Liu Juan , Sun Yu , Xiang Lilin , Sun TuLai , Yu Zilong , Cui Bing , Jin Chuangui
Published: July 2024

In the present study, SrTiO3 was selected to enhance the multiferroic characteristics of Bi0.88Sm0.12FeO3 (BSF) ceramics. With increasing SrTiO3 content, the principal phase of BSF ceramic transitions from rhombohedral R3c to Pna21. Through DSC and dielectric analysis, it was observed that both the Curie temperature and Néel temperature decreased proportionally with the augmentation of SrTiO3 content. When x = .1, the optimal ferroelectric performance is achieved, and the highest remanent polarization value is 55.47 µC/cm2, significantly surpassing that of BSF ceramics. Moreover, the PFM test results showed that as the substitution content increased, the domains in the BSF ceramic gradually transformed from normal ferroelectric domains to polar nanomicro‐domains. Magnetic and magnetoelectric results show that when x = .1, the best magnetic properties are obtained, Mr = 59.7 emu/mol. The magnetoelectric coefficient αME initially increased and then decreased with the increasing SrTiO3 content, reaching its optimum magnetoelectric properties at x = .1, where αME = .47 mV cm–1 Oe–1. In summary, when the substitution amount of SrTiO3 reaches 10%, the ferroelectric, magnetic, and magnetoelectric properties of BSF ceramics are significantly improved.
Self‐defending mechanism of C/TaC‒SiC composites under 2100°C cyclic ablation environment
Authors: Tong Mingde , Shi Xinhao , Feng Tao , Dai Ying , He Pengfei
Published: July 2024

To achieve the repeatability of aerospace thermal components, C/TaC‒SiC composites were fabricated. Cycle ablation and bending tests were carried out. After 3 × 60 s of ablation beyond 2100°C, the mechanical property retention rate was 80.9%. Interestingly, a reaction similar to “ouroboros ring,” in which the cyclic reactions of “TaC being oxidized to Ta2O5 and Ta2O5 being reduced to TaC,” occurred in the central ablation region of C/TaC‒SiC composites. On the one hand, the continuous generation of TaC could prevent liquid state Ta2O5 from being blown off central ablation region, playing a similar role in “water and soil conservation.” On the other hand, liquid Ta2O5 covered the surface of C/TaC‒SiC composites during ablation process, contributing to block the inward permeation of oxidized gases. In addition, novel “Grotto” structures were detected in the transitional ablation region of C/TaC‒SiC composites. The formation reason of the “Grotto” structure has also been discussed.
The anti‐oxidation behavior of the Ti3SiC2/Cu composites at high temperatures
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Huiming , Liu Fuyan , Ma Shuai
Published: July 2024

The Ti3SiC2/Cu composites were synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 950°C, 1000°C, and 1050°C, and the as‐formed composites were oxidized at 700°C, 800°C, and 900°C. The effects of the sintering temperature and the oxidation temperature on the anti‐oxidation of the composites at high temperatures were explored. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscope. The results indicated that the sintering temperature significantly improved the oxidation resistance of the composites. With the increase of the sintering temperature, the weight gain of the oxidation of the composites decreased and the optimum sintering temperature was 1050°C. At an identical sintering temperature, with the increase of the oxidation temperature, the weight gain of the oxidation of the composites first decreased and then it increased. Thus, when the oxidation temperature was 800°C, the composites exhibited an excellent oxidation resistance (oxidation weight gain: .0042 × 10−5 g/mm2). The anti‐oxidation behavior of the composites benefited by the formation of an oxide layer. The oxide layer was composed by TiO2, CuO, and amorphous SiO2.
An efficient method for quantitative analysis of the lipophilic rosemary extract applied in vegetable oils
Authors: Guo Mimi , Tang Huan , Li Xiujuan , Yang Liping , Xue Yalin , Duan Zhangqun
Published: July 2024

Rosemary extract (RE) is a natural antioxidant, which has been widely used for preservation of oils. The main lipophilic components of RE are carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CN). However, the reports on the method for determining CA and CN in vegetable oils are really rare. Herein, a highly efficient method for quantitative analysis of CA and CN in vegetable oils was developed. The vegetable oil samples were dissolved in n‐hexane saturated using acetonitrile and extracted with acetonitrile saturated using n‐hexane, followed by HPLC analysis using UV detector. Qualitative and quantitative determinations were performed by external standard method. Under the optimised conditions, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of CA were 0.11 μg mL−1 and 0.55 μg mL−1, respectively; LOD and LOQ of CN were 0.05 μg mL−1 and 0.20 μg mL−1, respectively. When the method was applied to determine CA and CN in vegetable oils spiked with standards, good recoveries (83.98% ~ 102.80% for CA and 98.29% ~ 114.74% for CN) and RSDs (0.61% ~ 7.36% for CA and 0.40% ~ 2.88% for CN, n = 2) were achieved. Accordingly, this work would efficiently identify and monitor lipophilic RE in vegetable oils, as this advanced method showed sensitive, quantitative, and reliable results suited for vegetable oils.
Significance of androgen‐deprivation therapy for intermediate‐ and high‐risk prostate cancer treated with high‐dose radiotherapy: A literature review
Authors: Aizawa Rihito , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Kato Manabu , Shimizu Shosei , Mizowaki Takashi , Kohjimoto Yasuo , Hinotsu Shiro , Hara Isao ,   the working group of the Japanese Urological Association Clinical Practice Guideline for Prostate Cancer 2023
Published: July 2024

The real‐world benefits of adding androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) and its optimal duration when combined with current standard high‐dose radiation therapy (RT) remain unknown. We aimed to assess the efficacy of and toxicities associated with ADT in the setting of combination with high‐dose RT for intermediate‐risk (IR) and high‐risk (HR) prostate cancer (PCa). This article is a modified and detailed version of the commentary on Clinical Question 8 described in the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Prostate Cancer (ver. 2023). A qualitative systematic review was performed according to the Minds Guide. All relevant published studies between September 2010 and August 2020, which assessed the outcomes of IR or HR PCa treated with high‐dose RT, were screened using two databases (PubMed and ICHUSHI). A total of 41 studies were included in this systematic review, mostly consisting of retrospective studies (N = 34). The evidence basically supports the benefit of adding ADT to high‐dose RT to improve tumor control. Regarding IR populations, many studies suggested the existence of a subgroup for which adding ADT had no impact on either overall survival or the BF‐free duration. On the other hand, regarding HR populations, several studies suggested the positive impact of adding ADT for ≥1 year on overall survival. Adding ADT increases not only the risk of sexual dysfunction but also that of cardiovascular toxicities or bone fracture. Although the benefit of adding ADT was basically suggested for both IR and HR populations, further investigations are warranted to identify subgroups of patients for whom ADT has no benefit, as well as the appropriate duration of ADT for those who do derive benefit.
High temperature oxidation regime transitions in hafnium carbide
Authors: Scott Jonathan A. , He Xiaoqing , Lipke David W.
Published: July 2024

Understanding the oxidation behavior of hafnium carbide is crucial to its application in extreme environments. In this work, the transition in high‐temperature oxidation kinetics regimes in hafnium carbide is explained based on phase equilibria considerations supported by observed changes in oxide scale microstructure evolution associated with different transformation pathways. Below, a composition‐dependent critical temperature and oxygen pressure, hafnium carbide first transforms to an amorphous material with nominal composition HfO2C followed by phase separation into carbon and hafnia domains. Subsequently, gaseous transport through a nanometric pore network formed by oxidative removal of phase‐separated carbon becomes rate‐limiting. Above this critical point, the oxidation sequence involves a direct transformation from hafnium carbide to hafnia and gaseous products, leading to dissimilar scale morphologies responsible for the reported transition from gaseous to solid‐state diffusion‐limited oxidation regimes at ultra‐high temperatures.
Patient participation—18 months of patient and staff perspectives in kidney care: A mixed methods study addressing the effects of facilitating staff person‐centredness
Authors: Hurtig Caroline , Årestedt Liselott , Uhlin Fredrik , Eldh Ann Catrine
Published: July 2024

Rationale

Patient participation should encapsulate the individual's resources and needs, though such standards remain rationed for people living with a long‐term health concern like kidney failure.

Aims

To illustrate what patient participation signified to patients and staff in kidney care, and whether an agreed or disagreed conceptualisation occurred over time, evaluating the influence of two study‐specific interventions to facilitate more person‐centred participation.

Method

By convergent mixed methods design across 9 units in Sweden, we repeated the following data collection at 3 time points over 18 months: semistructured interviews with patients and staff (n = 72), and structured reviews for accounts of participation in patient records (n = 240). Data were subjected to content analysis and descriptive statistics, respectively. The outcomes were appraised for changes over time besides the interventions to enhance attention to patients' participation: a clinical tool and guidance distributed to management, and additional local support, respectively.

Results

Both patients and staff described patient participation as a comprehension of the disease and its management in everyday life. Yet, patients accentuated participation as one's experiences being recognised, and mutual knowledge exchange. Instead, staff emphasised the patients managing their treatment. The health records primarily represented what staff do to support their notion of patient participation. No influence of the interventions was noted, but what signified patient participation was maintained over time.

Conclusion

Both patients and staff stress the importance of patient participation, although they focus on different elements. Further person‐centred conduct warrants a shared conceptualisation and strategies addressing and scaffolding patients' preferences and means.
Structural characterization and in vitro digestibility of rice starch processed with the combination of ultra‐high pressure homogenization, debranching, and temperature‐cycled crystallization
Authors: Sun Chengyi , Wang Caihong , Zhu Zhijie , Mei Liping , Hu Yuqing , He Zhaoxian , Du Xianfeng
Published: July 2024

This study examined the structural characterization and in vitro digestibility of rice starch processed with the combination of ultra‐high pressure homogenization (UHPH), debranching, and temperature‐cycled crystallization under various pressures (0–160 MPa). After UHPH treatment, the degree of branching (DB) of processed starches (0.65%–2.03%) was lower than that of the native rice starch (NS, 2.96%). Assessment of chain length distribution suggested that the considerable amylose was produced after treatments. Processed starches exhibited an irregular fragmented structure, and the crystalline structure was transformed from A‐type (native rice starch) into B + V‐type (processed starches). Moreover, the relative crystallinity (RC) and the absorbance ratio of 1047/1022 cm−1 (R1047/1022) of processed starches decreased from NS (RC, 22.99%; R1047/1022, 0.79) to 13.47%–18.21% (RC) and 0.51–0.78 (R1047/1022), respectively. Iodine binding curves revealed that processed starches possessed the higher degree of polymerization (DP). Furthermore, the contents of slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) increased in all processed starches, and the RS content of starch treated under 160 MPa (35.33%) was notably greater than that of native starch (9.37%). These results suggested that the UHPH can be used as a pretreatment strategy to reduce the digestibility of starch products.

Practical applications

UHPH pretreatment disrupts starch molecular chains to produce the large amounts of short linear amylose. Debranching followed by temperature‐cycled crystallization can increase the content of resistant starch (RS), yielding a raw material suitable for boosting the health of the digestive system and overall health. Therefore, UHPH pretreatment has a high application value in the field of starch modification.
Sexual support and education for adults with mild intellectual disabilities: a Delphi study on multiple perspectives
Authors: de Wit W. , Frielink N. , Roeg D. , Embregts P. J. C. M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Providing appropriate sexual support and education for adults with mild intellectual disabilities (IDs) is a source of considerable debate, resulting in diverse, non‐funded and potentially adverse practices. This study aims to identify a consensus among experts regarding what conditions are conducive to successful sexual support and education for adults with mild IDs.

Methods

A Delphi study was conducted with 13 experts, including experts‐by‐experience, relatives, support staff, psychologists and sexologists. Qualitative data on the conditions for sexual support and education were gathered in the first round and thematically analysed. In the following three quantitative rounds, consensus was achieved using Likert‐type response scales and participants' feedback.

Results

Round 1 resulted in 82 conditions on six themes: ‘the necessary attitude’, ‘requirements’, ‘approach to delivering sexual support and education’, ‘appropriate providers’, ‘settings and timing’ and ‘effective collaboration with the network’. In the following three quantitative rounds, the experts reached consensus on 68 conditions distributed across the six themes.

Conclusions

The six themes highlight conducive conditions for successful sexual support and education for adults with mild IDs, emphasising the significance of a safe and supportive environment, comprehensive educational programmes, and the promotion of autonomy and protection. The consensus‐based findings have distinct implications for practice and future research.
Exploring the triad: VPS35, neurogenesis, and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Qiu Zixiong , Deng Xu , Fu Yuan , Jiang Mei , Cui Xiaojun
Published: July 2024

Vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35), a critical component of the retromer complex, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). It is involved in protein transmembrane sorting, facilitating the transport from endosomes to the trans‐Golgi network (TGN) and plasma membrane. Recent investigations have compellingly associated mutations in the VPS35 gene with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. These genetic alterations are implicated in protein misfolding, disrupted autophagic processes, mitochondrial dysregulation, and synaptic impairment. Furthermore, VPS35 exerts a notable impact on neurogenesis by influencing neuronal functionality, protein conveyance, and synaptic performance. Dysregulation or mutation of VPS35 may escalate the progression of neurodegenerative conditions, underscoring its pivotal role in safeguarding neuronal integrity. This review comprehensively discusses the role of VPS35 and its functional impairments in NDs. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the impact of VPS35 on neurogenesis and further explore the intricate relationship between neurogenesis and NDs. These research advancements offer novel perspectives and valuable insights for identifying potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of NDs.

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