bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The convergence of regenerative medicine and rehabilitation: federal perspectives
Authors: Rose L. F. , Wolf E. J. , Brindle T. , Cernich A. , Dean W. K. , Dearth C. L. , Grimm M. , Kusiak A. , Nitkin R. , Potter K. , Randolph B. J. , Wang F. , Yamaguchi D.
Published: October 2018

Regenerative rehabilitation is the synergistic integration of principles and approaches from the regenerative medicine and rehabilitation fields, with the goal of optimizing form and function as well as patient independence. Regenerative medicine approaches for repairing or replacing damaged tissue or whole organs vary from utilizing cells (e.g., stem cells), to biologics (e.g., growth factors), to approaches using biomaterials and scaffolds, to any combination of these. While regenerative medicine offers tremendous clinical promise, regenerative rehabilitation offers the opportunity to positively influence regenerative medicine by inclusion of principles from rehabilitation sciences. Regenerative medicine by itself may not be sufficient to ensure successful translation into improving the function of those in the most need. Conversely, with a better understanding of regenerative medicine principals, rehabilitation researchers can better tailor rehabilitation efforts to accommodate and maximize the potential of regenerative approaches. Regenerative rehabilitative strategies can include activity-mediated plasticity, exercise dosing, electrical stimulation, and nutritional enhancers. Critical barriers in translating regenerative medicine techniques into humans may be difficult to overcome if preclinical studies do not consider outcomes that typically fall in the rehabilitation research domain, such as function, range of motion, sensation, and pain. The authors believe that encouraging clinicians and researchers from multiple disciplines to work collaboratively and synergistically will maximize restoration of function and quality of life for disabled and/or injured patients, including U.S. Veterans and Military Service Members (MSMs). Federal Government agencies have been investing in research and clinical care efforts focused on regenerative medicine (NIH, NSF, VA, and DoD), rehabilitation sciences (VA, NIH, NSF, DoD) and, more recently, regenerative rehabilitation (NIH and VA). As science advances and technology matures, researchers need to consider the integrative approach of regenerative rehabilitation to maximize the outcome to fully restore the function of patients.
Anomalous Nernst effect and three-dimensional temperature gradients in magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Martens Ulrike , Huebner Torsten , Ulrichs Henning , Reimer Oliver , Kuschel Timo , Tamming Ronnie R. , Chang Chia-Lin , Tobey Raanan I. , Thomas Andy , Münzenberg Markus , Walowski Jakob
Published: October 2018

Localized laser heating creates temperature gradients in all directions leading to three-dimensional electron flux in metallic materials. Temperature gradients in combination with material magnetization generate thermomagnetic voltages. The interplay between these temperature gradients and the magnetization along with their control enable to manipulate the generated voltages in magnetic nanodevices. We present a highly sensitive method to identify the anomalous Nernst effect generated on the nanometer length scale by micrometer-sized temperature gradients in magnetic tunnel junctions with CoFeB electrodes and a MgO tunnel barrier systematically extracted by analyzing the influence of in-plane temperature gradients on the tunnel magneto-Seebeck effect. This method yields an anomalous Nernst effect coefficient of KN ≈ 1.6 × 10−8 V T−1 K−1 for CoFeB. Generally, such investigations are motivated by utilizing otherwise wasted heat in magnetic memory devices for read/write operations. The additionally generated anomalous Nernst effect offers a functionality expansion, opening new application fields such as direction-dependent temperature sensing with downscaling potential.
Correction: Corrigendum: High-throughput RNAi screen for essential genes and drug synergistic combinations in colorectal cancer
Authors: Williams Steven P. , Barthorpe Andrew S. , Lightfoot Howard , Garnett Mathew J. , McDermott Ultan
Published: October 2018

Correction to: Scientific Data https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.139, published online 03 October 2017. The Data Descriptor incorrectly states the formula used to calculate the Bliss additivity score in the Data analysis subsection of the Methods. The correct equation is listed below: Blissadditivity=1–(1–VsiRNA)–(1–Vanchor)+((1–VsiRNA)×(1–Vanchor))
Correction: Fe-Catalyzed three-component carboazidation of alkenes with alkanes and trimethylsilyl azide
Authors: Li Wei-Yu , Wu Chuan-Shuo , Wang Zhou , Yang Luo
Published: October 2018

Correction for ‘Fe-Catalyzed three-component carboazidation of alkenes with alkanes and trimethylsilyl azide’ by Wei-Yu Li et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05090b.
Observation of enhanced magnetocaloric properties with A-site deficiency in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 manganite
Authors: Arun B. , Akshay V. R. , Vasundhara M.
Published: October 2018

Introduction of a deficiency at the A-site of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 enhanced the magnetocaloric effect due to the multiple double exchange interaction.
Photoexcited state chemistry of metal–oxygen complexes
Authors: Saracini Claudio , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Lee Yong-Min , Nam Wonwoo
Published: October 2018

This Frontier article reviews recent advances on the excited state reactivity of earth-abundant metal–oxygen complexes.
Enhancing porphyrin photostability when locked in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Hassan Ghandi F. , El Hoda Saad Nour , Hmadeh Mohamad , Karam Pierre
Published: October 2018

Porphyrin photostability and brightness was enhanced when locked in Metal–Organic framework.
Improving the photoluminescence quantum yields of quantum dot films through a donor/acceptor system for near-IR LEDs
Authors: Davis Nathaniel. J. L. K. , Allardice Jesse R. , Xiao James , Karani Arfa , Jellicoe Tom C. , Rao Akshay , Greenham Neil C.
Published: October 2018

The PLQE of QD films can be increased by the incorporation of a relatively small fraction of well-passivated acceptor QDs.
Etching silver nanoparticles using DNA
Authors: Hu Shengqiang , Yi Tiantian , Huang Zhicheng , Liu Biwu , Wang Jianxiu , Yi Xinyao , Liu Juewen
Published: October 2018

Poly-C DNA is highly efficient in etching silver nanoparticles followed by Ostwald ripening at high DNA concentrations, increasing the toxicity of the nanoparticles.
Configuration- and concentration-dependent hybrid white light generation using red, green, and blue quantum dots embedded in DNA thin films
Authors: Arasu Velu , Jo Deoksu , Chae Heeyeop , Chung Ho Kyoon , Park Sung Ha
Published: October 2018

A simple and hybrid white-light optoelectronic device with a single excitation source with efficient RGB colours on a stable optical platform was demonstrated.
Enhancing potassium-ion battery performance by defect and interlayer engineering
Authors: Xu Yang , Bahmani Farzaneh , Zhou Min , Li Yueliang , Zhang Chenglin , Liang Feng , Kazemi Sayed Habib , Kaiser Ute , Meng Guowen , Lei Yong
Published: October 2018

Expanded interlayer spacing and additionally exposed edges induced by defects of MoS2 enable facile K-intercalation, rapid K-transport and promoted K-adsorption.
A convenient stereoselective access to novel 1,2,4-triazepan-3-ones/thiones via reduction or reductive alkylation of 7-membered cyclic semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones
Authors: Fesenko Anastasia A. , Grigoriev Mikhail S. , Shutalev Anatoly D.
Published: October 2018

Stereoselective syntheses of 1-unsubstituted and 1-alkylsubstituted 1,2,4-triazepane-3-thiones/ones based on reduction or reductive alkylation of 2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-1,2,4-triazepine-3-thiones/ones are reported.
Polydopamine-based nanoparticles with excellent biocompatibility for photothermally enhanced gene delivery
Authors: Zhang Peng , Xu Qinan , Du Jianwei , Wang Youxiang
Published: October 2018

Polyethylenimine-modified polydopamine-based nanoparticles (PPNPs) were constructed for photothermally enhanced gene delivery.
Comparative studies on structure, sensitivity and mechanical properties of CL-20/DNDAP cocrystal and composite by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Duan Binghui , Shu Yuanjie , Liu Ning , Lu Yingying , Wang Bozhou , Lu Xianming , Zhang Jiaoqiang
Published: October 2018

This work proves that cocrystallization is a more effective modification method than mixing and elucidated the underlying mechanism.
Nanocharacterization of liposomes for the encapsulation of water soluble compounds fromCordyceps sinensisCS1197 by a supercritical gas anti-solvent technique
Authors: Shashidhar G. M. , Manohar B.
Published: October 2018

Nano-liposomes were designed for the sustained release of water soluble compounds fromC. sinensisCS1197 using a supercritical gas anti-solvent (SC-GAS) method at various pressures, temperatures and Tween 80 concentrations.
One plus one greater than two: high-performance inverted planar perovskite solar cells based on a composite CuI/CuSCN hole-transporting layer
Authors: Wang Haoxin , Yu Ze , Lai Jianbo , Song Xinkai , Yang Xichuan , Hagfeldt Anders , Sun Licheng
Published: October 2018

Low-temperature solution-processed CuI/CuSCN composites have been successfully demonstrated to be effective hole-transporting layers for inverted planar perovskite solar cells.
Novel hydroxylated boron nitride functionalized p-phenylenediamine-grafted graphene: an excellent filler for enhancing the barrier properties of polyurethane
Authors: Li Xuyang , Bandyopadhyay Parthasarathi , Kshetri Tolendra , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee
Published: October 2018

A hydroxylated boron nitride (BN(OH)x) functionalized p-phenylenediamine modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO) filler (BN(OH)x–PrGO) is prepared for the first time using a facile and novel strategy.
Simultaneously improved efficiency and average visible transmittance of semitransparent polymer solar cells with two ultra-narrow bandgap nonfullerene acceptors
Authors: Ma Xiaoling , Xiao Zuo , An Qiaoshi , Zhang Miao , Hu Zhenghao , Wang Jianxiao , Ding Liming , Zhang Fujun
Published: October 2018

The efficiency and average visible transmittance of semitransparent polymer solar cells can be simultaneously improved by employing a ternary strategy.
Rapid formulation of redox-responsive oligo-β-aminoester polyplexes with siRNAviajet printing
Authors: Lovato Tatiana , Taresco Vincenzo , Alazzo Ali , Sansone Caterina , Stolnik Snjezana , Alexander Cameron , Conte Claudia
Published: October 2018

Novel reduction responsive oligo-β-aminoesters were successfully synthesized and condensed with siRNA through an inkjet method, thus showing promising biological response.
Excellent microwave absorption properties of the h-BN–GO–Fe3O4ternary composite
Authors: Pang Hua , Pang Wenhui , Zhang Bo , Ren Nan
Published: October 2018

The void containing composites as an efficient approach for fabricating broad-bandwidth and efficient EM microwave absorbers.
Rational design of a triiodide-intercalated dielectric-switching hybrid for visible-light absorption
Authors: Zhang Weichuan , Kou Bo , Peng Yu , Wu Zhenyue , Yao Yunpeng , Dey Dhananjay , Li Lina , Luo Junhua
Published: October 2018

A potential strategy for designing strongly light-absorbing dielectric/ferroelectric materials by alloying triiodide and flexible organic cations.
Achieving highly efficient blue light-emitting polymers by incorporating a styrylarylene amine unit
Authors: Peng Feng , Zhong Zhiming , Ma Yawei , Huang Zhenqiang , Ying Lei , Xiong Jian , Wang Shirong , Li Xianggao , Peng Junbiao , Cao Yong
Published: October 2018

Polyfluorene derivatives containing a styrylarylene amine unit were developed with a luminous efficiency of over 8.0 cd A−1 and CIE of (015, 0.14).
Towards a therapy for mitochondrial disease: an update
Authors: Garone Caterina , Viscomi Carlo
Published: October 2018

Preclinical work aimed at developing new therapies for mitochondrial diseases has recently given new hopes and opened unexpected perspectives for the patients affected by these pathologies. In contrast, only minor progresses have been achieved so far in the translation into the clinics. Many challenges are still ahead, including the need for a better characterization of the pharmacological effects of the different approaches and the design of appropriate clinical trials with robust outcome measures for this extremely heterogeneous, rare, and complex group of disorders. In this review, we will discuss the most important achievements and the major challenges in this very dynamic research field.
Parallel‐connected buck converters controlled by capacitor current feedback based PT with current‐sharing ability
Authors: Geng Yisen , Yu Dongsheng , Xia Zhenglong , Xu Ruidong
Published: October 2018

Parallel‐connected power converters have been widely used in the application scenarios required high power to deal with the high load current. In this study, the pulse train (PT) controller with the advantages of fast response speed and simple structure is newly applied to the parallel‐connected buck converters with current‐sharing ability. However, as the converters operated in continuous conduction mode, undesirable low‐frequency voltage oscillation will be brought about by the PT control method. To resolve this problem, a novel capacitor‐current‐feedback‐based PT (CCF‐PT) control method is proposed to eliminate the low‐frequency oscillation of the parallel‐connected buck converters. The approximate discrete time model of the CCF‐PT‐controlled buck converters is established, and the bifurcation diagrams of output voltage and inductor current changing along with the current scale factor, the capacitor‐current‐feedback coefficient and the load resistance are drawn to show the operation stability of the converters. Simulation and experimental results are obtained, which indicate that the proposed parallel‐connected buck converters with CCF‐PT control have excellent performance such as fast response, wide load range and effective suppression of low‐frequency oscillation.
J-PLUS: Analysis of the intracluster light in the Coma cluster
Authors: Jiménez-Teja Y. , Dupke R. A. , Lopes de Oliveira R. , Xavier H. S. , Coelho P. R. T. , Chies-Santos A. L. , López-Sanjuan C. , Alvarez-Candal A. , Costa-Duarte M. V. , Telles E. , Hernandez-Jimenez J. A. , Benítez N. , Alcaniz J. , Cenarro J. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , Ederoclite A. , Marín-Franch A. , Mendes de Oliveira C. , Moles M. , Sodré L. , Varela J. , Vázquez Ramió H.
Published: October 2018

Context. The intracluster light (ICL) is a luminous component of galaxy clusters composed of stars that are gravitationally bound to the cluster potential, but do not belong to the individual galaxies. Previous studies of the ICL have shown that its formation and evolution are intimately linked to the evolutionary stage of the cluster. Thus, the analysis of the ICL in the Coma cluster will give insights into the main processes driving the dynamics in this highly complex system.

Aims. Using a recently developed technique, we measure the ICL fraction in Coma at several wavelengths, using the J-PLUS unique filter system. The combination of narrow- and broadband filters provides valuable information on the dynamical state of the cluster, the ICL stellar types, and the morphology of the diffuse light.

Methods. We used the Chebyshev-Fourier intracluster light estimator (CICLE) to distinguish the ICL from the light of the galaxies, and to robustly measure the ICL fraction in seven J-PLUS filters.

Results. We obtain the ICL fraction distribution of the Coma cluster at different optical wavelengths, which varies from ∼7%−21%, showing the highest values in the narrowband filtersJ0395, J0410, andJ0430. This ICL fraction excess is a distinctive pattern that has recently been observed in dynamically active clusters (mergers), indicating a higher amount of bluer stars in the ICL than in cluster galaxies.

Conclusions. The high ICL fractions and the excess in the bluer filters are indicative of a merging state. The presence of younger stars or stars with lower metallicity in the ICL suggests that the main mechanism of ICL formation for the Coma cluster is the stripping of the stars in the outskirts of infalling galaxies and possibly the disruption of dwarf galaxies during past or ongoing mergers.
Einfluss von kinesiologischen Tapeanlagen auf das Gleichgewicht von gesunden Probanden – ein narratives Review
Authors: Wegerhoff Tim , Smolenski Ulrich , Bocker Barbara , Best Norman
Published: October 2018

Hintergrund Kinesiologischen Tapeanlagen wird unter anderem ein positiver Einfluss auf das propriozeptive Feedback und damit auch auf das Gleichgewicht zugeschrieben. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden bereits verschiedene Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Kinesio-Tapes auf die posturale Kontrolle von gesunden Probanden durchgeführt. Dieses Review soll einen Überblick über die bisher veröffentlichten Studien zum Thema verschaffen.

Material und Methoden Eine systematische Literaturrecherche innerhalb der Datenbanken PubMed und Web of Knowledge mithilfe der Suchparameter „postural balance tape healthy“ wurde durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 17 relevante Studien identifiziert, im Volltext gelesen und zusammengefasst. Wenn ein Effekt der Tapeanlagen festgestellt werden konnte, wurden zudem fehlende Effektmaße berechnet. 10 Untersuchungen konnten einen positiven Effekt der kinesiologischen Tapeanlage auf die erhobenen Gleichgewichtsparameter feststellen.

Schlussfolgerungen Aufgrund der verschiedenen Tapeanlagen und erhobenen Gleichgewichtsparameter ist ein direkter Vergleich der untersuchten Studien schwierig. Körperliche Aktivität scheint die posturale Kontrolle zu verschlechtern, wobei Kinesio-Tapes den Effekt abmildern können. Des Weiteren scheinen gesunde Probanden insbesondere in anspruchsvollen Situationen sowie Probanden mit geringer posturaler Kontrolle von Kinesio-Tapes zu profitieren. Weitere Untersuchungen sind jedoch notwendig.
Kulturwandel im Unternehmen Krankenhaus: Das Management muss neu gedacht werden
Authors: Napp Barbara
Published: October 2018

Der Arbeitsmarkt verändert sich. Längst ist bekannt, dass sich der Arbeitgebermarkt zu einem Arbeitnehmermarkt gewandelt hat. Bewerber suchen sich den für sie passenden Arbeitgeber aus. Die Auswahl wird neben den rein karrierebezogenen Kriterien auch nach den Arbeitsanreizen getroffen. Darauf haben die Arbeitgeber reagiert: Flexible Arbeitszeiten, Arbeitszeitkonten und Jobanreize, wie Angebote eines betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagements werden allerorts eingeführt. Über die Branchen hinweg muss aber auch das Management neu gedacht werden.
Abrechnung von Wahlleistungen: Von Pull zu Push: Optimierung der Abrechnung
Authors: Saurin Martina , Therre Bärbel
Published: October 2018

Angesichts knapper Kassen gewinnen Erlöse für Privatliquidation und Wahlleistungen an Bedeutung, was ebenso für den Abrechnungsprozess dieser Leistungen gilt. In einem gemeinsamen Projekt des Universitätsklinikums Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) und dem Abrechnungsunternehmen Unimed wurde dieser Prozess weitgehend digitalisiert und dabei optimiert.
E-Health und Telemedizin in der Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin: Kollege Algorithmus
Authors: Marx Gernot
Published: October 2018

Das deutsche Gesundheitssystem steht vor der Herausforderung, für alle Patienten die höchste Qualität und Verfügbarkeit der Versorgung zu gewährleisten. E-Health und Telemedizin können helfen, regionale Unterschiede auszugleichen – indem sie Expertenwissen unabhängig von Raum und Zeit zur Verfügung stellen.
General Method for the Preparation of Indole-2-Weinreb Amides
Authors: Bracher Franz , Glas Carina
Published: October 2018

Indole-2-Weinreb amides are obtained via thermolysis of α-azidocinnamic acid Weinreb amides in a Hemetsberger–Knittel-type cyclization. The required vinyl azides are not accessible by Knoevenagel condensation, but are obtained by cerium(IV)-mediated oxidative azidation of the corresponding cinnamic Weinreb amides.
Spontaneous Septic Arthritis of Canine Elbows: Twenty-One Cases
Authors: Mielke Ben , Comerford Eithne , English Kate , Meeson Richard
Published: October 2018

Objective This study provides information on clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and associated risk factors of spontaneous septic elbow arthritis in the dog.

Methods Medical records between March 2007 and June 2015 were searched for cases of spontaneous septic elbow arthritis with a diagnosis based on clinical signs, arthrocentesis, cytological and microbiological analysis of elbow joint synovial fluid, radiography and outcome following treatment.

Results Twenty-one cases of septic arthritis were identified. Pre-existing osteoarthritis was present in 14/15 elbows for which diagnostic imaging was available. Although all cases had increased neutrophil count on synovial fluid cytology, culture was only positive in 12/21. Despite initial improvement in lameness scores (pre-treatment 9/10 [range: 1–10] versus post-treatment 3/10 [range: 1–5]), 11/12 had residual long-term lameness. Recurrence of infection was noted in 3/12 elbows for which long-term (>8 weeks) follow-up was available. There was an acute mortality rate of 2/21 associated with severe systemic sepsis.

Clinical Significance Septic arthritis, even in the absence of pyrexia, should be considered as a major differential diagnosis in middle aged, large breed dogs, with pre-existing elbow arthritis, that suffer an acute onset lameness, with elbow joint effusion and discomfort. Antibiotic therapy alone was effective for treatment with high initial response rates. Chronic lameness post-treatment was common, and a high rate of recurrence was seen with 3/12 dogs suffering more than one episode.
Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Pulpotomy in Permanent Teeth
Authors: Verma Neha , Kaur Avninder , Acharya Shivesh , Sharma Sunila
Published: October 2018

Aim and objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic outcome of MTA as a pulpotomy agent in permanent teeth as an alternative to conventional root canal treatment. Materials and Methods: Ten permanent teeth with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis with vital pulp were selected for the study. MTAPulpotomy procedure was done in all the cases using standard protocol. Teeth were evaluated for various clinical and radiographic parameters at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of follow up. Results: None of the patients reported any kind of clinical discomfort or radiographic abnormality during the follow up period of 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. All the teeth responded positive on electric pulp test at all successive follow ups. Conclusions: MTA Pulpotomy may be used as an alternative treatment modality to root canal treatment in permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis, if future research continues to show promising results.
Visuelle Analogskalen zur Beurteilung von Müdigkeit und Schlafqualität?
Authors: Frühauf Anika , Kopp Martin
Published: October 2018

Visuelle Analogskalen (VAS) gelten als Goldstandard in der subjektiven Schmerzerfassung. Sie sind einfach zu erheben, es gibt kaum Interpretationsschwierigkeiten, und zeitliche Veränderungen können sensibel erfasst werden. Zur Erhebung der Schlafqualität wurden VAS bisher nur vereinzelt eingesetzt. Um den Übereinstimmungsgrad von VAS-Messungen mit einer etablierten Skala zur Erhebung der Schlafqualität (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSQI) zu erfassen, wurde eine empirische Untersuchung mit 74 Probanden (50 % weiblich) durchgeführt. Es zeigten sich signifikante Korrelationen zwischen den eingesetzten Messinstrumenten. Der größte Zusammenhang wurde zwischen der VAS Allgemeine Schlafqualität und dem PSQI-Gesamtscore gefunden (r=0,693, p < 0,001). Bei Abwägung der Vor- und Nachteile von VAS zur Erhebung der subjektiven Schlafqualität lässt sich festhalten, dass VAS-Skalen für diese Erhebungen in der klinischen Routine aufgrund von fehlenden Kennwerten noch nicht empfohlen werden können. Allerdings könnten VAS hilfreich sein, um ökonomische Verlaufsmessungen von Müdigkeit und Schlafqualität umzusetzen.
Note: Grid cork and septal cork syringe adapters: An effective tool for efficient greasing of 24-well crystallization trays
Authors: Vankadari Naveen
Published: October 2018

Applying grease to seal the well surface of the crystallization plate through traditional approaches in the hanging drop vapor diffusion method is a laborious process and known to cause air bubble formation. Here we report a simple design of adapters to the regular syringes for applying grease to the 24-well crystallization tray. This newly developed tool overcomes the difficulties faced with the traditional greasing methods, such as uneven distribution and excess of grease on the wells. The use of new adapters expedites the process of greasing by 4-5 times which is quick and reliable and can be cost effective in terms of time and labor. In addition, this tool reduces the time and effort required for greasing the wells. Here we demonstrate two types of adaptors (grid cork and septal cork), and the effectiveness of both the adaptors was further corroborated by crystallization trials.
Fast regular firings induced by intra- and inter-time delays in two clustered neuronal networks
Authors: Sun Xiaojuan , Perc Matjaž , Kurths Jürgen , Lu Qishao
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we consider two clustered neuronal networks with dense intra-synaptic links within each cluster and sparse inter-synaptic links between them. We focus on the effects of intra- and inter-time delays on the spiking regularity and timing in both clusters. With the aid of simulation results, we show that intermediate intra- and inter-time delays are able to separately induce fast regular firing−spiking activity with a high firing rate as well as a high spiking regularity. Moreover, when both intra- and inter-time delays are present, we find that fast regular firings are induced much more frequently than if only a single type of delay is present in the system. Our results indicate that appropriately adjusted intra- and inter-time delays can significantly facilitate fast regular firing in neuronal networks. Based on a detailed analysis, we conjecture that this is most likely when the largest value of common divisors of the intra- and inter-time delays falls into a range where fast regular firings are induced by suitable intra- or inter-time delays alone.
Harnessing stochasticity: How do organisms make choices?
Authors: Noble Raymond , Noble Denis
Published: October 2018

Choice in the behavior of organisms involves novelty, which may be unpredictable. Yet in retrospect, we can usually provide a rationale for the choice. A deterministic view of life cannot explain this. The solution to this paradox is that organisms can harness stochasticity through which they can generate many possible solutions to environmental challenges. They must then employ a comparator to find the solution that fits the challenge. What therefore is unpredictable in prospect can become comprehensible in retrospect. Harnessing stochastic and/or chaotic processes is essential to the ability of organisms to have agency and to make choices.
Highly confined Love waves modes by defect states in a holey SiO2/quartz phononic crystal
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Talbi Abdelkrim , Pernod Philippe , Bou Matar Olivier
Published: October 2018

Highly confined Love modes are demonstrated in a phononic crystal based on a square array of etched holes in SiO2 deposited on the ST-cut quartz. An optimal choice of the geometrical parameters contributes to a wide stop-band for shear waves’ modes. The introduction of a defect by removing lines of holes leads to the nearly flat modes within the bandgap and, consequently, paves the way to implement advanced designs of electroacoustic filters and high-performance cavity resonators. The calculations are based on the finite element method in considering the elastic and piezoelectric properties of the materials. Interdigital transducers are employed to measure the transmission spectra. The geometrical parameters enabling the appearance of confined cavity modes within the bandgap and the efficiency of the electric excitation were investigated.
Superconducting transition edge sensors with phononic thermal isolation
Authors: Williams E. A. , Withington S. , Thomas C. N. , Goldie D. J. , Osman D.
Published: October 2018

The sensitivity of a low-noise superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) is determined by the thermal conductance of the support structure that connects the active elements of the device to the heat bath. Low-noise devices require conductances in the range 0.1 to 10 pW K−1 and so have to rely on diffusive phonon scattering in long, narrow, amorphous SiNx legs. We show that it is possible to manufacture and operate TESs having short, ballistic low-dimensional legs (cross section 0.5 × 0.2 μm) that contain multi-element phononic interferometers and ring resonators. These legs transport heat in effectively just 5 elastic modes at the TES’s operating temperature (<150 mK), which is close to the quantised limit of 4. The phononic filters then reduce the thermal flux further by frequency-domain filtering. For example, a micromachined 3-element ring resonator reduced the flux to 19% of a straight-legged ballistic device operating at the quantised limit and 38% of a straight-legged diffusive reference device. This work opens the way to manufacturing TESs where performance is determined entirely by filtered, few-mode, ballistic thermal transport in short, low-heat capacity legs, free from the artifacts of two level systems.
Magnetic domain wall neuron with lateral inhibition
Authors: Hassan Naimul , Hu Xuan , Jiang-Wei Lucian , Brigner Wesley H. , Akinola Otitoaleke G. , Garcia-Sanchez Felipe , Pasquale Massimo , Bennett Christopher H. , Incorvia Jean Anne C. , Friedman Joseph S.
Published: October 2018

The development of an efficient neuromorphic computing system requires the use of nanodevices that intrinsically emulate the biological behavior of neurons and synapses. While numerous artificial synapses have been shown to store weights in a manner analogous to biological synapses, the challenge of developing an artificial neuron is impeded by the necessity to include leaking, integrating, firing, and lateral inhibition features. In particular, previous proposals for artificial neurons have required the use of external circuits to perform lateral inhibition, thereby decreasing the efficiency of the resulting neuromorphic computing system. This work therefore proposes a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron that intrinsically provides lateral inhibition, without requiring any additional circuitry. The proposed neuron is based on the previously proposed domain-wall magnetic tunnel junction devices, which have been proposed as artificial synapses and experimentally demonstrated for non-volatile logic. Single-neuron micromagnetic simulations are provided that demonstrate the ability of this neuron to implement the required leaking, integrating, and firing. These simulations are then extended to pairs of adjacent neurons to demonstrate, for the first time, lateral inhibition between neighboring artificial neurons. Finally, this intrinsic lateral inhibition is applied to a ten-neuron crossbar structure and trained to identify handwritten digits and shown via direct large-scale micromagnetic simulation for 100 digits to correctly identify the proper signal for 94% of the digits.
Coercivity enhancement in heavy rare earth-free NdFeB magnets by grain boundary diffusion process
Authors: Salazar D. , Martín-Cid A. , Madugundo R. , Barandiaran J. M. , Hadjipanayis G. C.
Published: October 2018

Grain boundary diffusion of a Pr3(Co,Cu) eutectic alloy has been performed for coercivity enhancement on Nd-lean Nd10Fe84B6 nanocrystalline ribbons. The coercivity increases from 0.5 T to 2.5 T after 6 h of infiltration at 600 °C. High resolution electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy show that the excess α-Fe present in the initial samples diminishes during infiltration, giving rise to the formation of a Rare Earth-rich RE-Fe inter-boundary phase and a layer of (Nd,Pr)2Fe14B close to the surface of the hard magnetic grains. Such a microstructure favours the coercivity by increasing the nucleation field for reversal magnetization and providing magnetically isolated/decoupled hard grains.
A conformal-mapping model for intrusion
Authors: Goncharov V. P.
Published: October 2018

The conformal-mapping approach is used to formulate a minimal exactly solvable model for studying the lock-exchange gravity currents in an infinite horizontal channel. The distinctive feature of such flows is a pressure jump which arises at the interface between two incompressible fluids of different densities at once after removing a lock gate. Because of this, the process of intrusion does not fit into Benjamin’s scenario but rather is like propagation of two shock waves. Being identical in shape and speed, they move in opposite directions along the upper and lower channel boundaries, reaching a steady state as t → ∞.
Mesoscopic simulation of electrohydrodynamic effects on laminar natural convection of a dielectric liquid in a cubic cavity
Authors: Luo Kang , Li Tian-Fu , Wu Jian , Yi Hong-Liang , Tan He-Ping
Published: October 2018

Electro-thermo-hydrodynamic (ETHD) flows induced by simultaneous Coulomb and buoyancy forces in a dielectric medium are studied. Previous results limited to two dimensions are extended to three dimensions. The fully coupled governing equations, including the Navier–Stokes equations, the electrohydrodynamic equations, and the energy equation, are solved using a unified lattice Boltzmann model. Various flow patterns, determined by the balance between the buoyancy-driven mechanism and the Coulomb-driven mechanism, can be observed for different combinations of the governing parameters (the electric Rayleigh number T and the Rayleigh number Ra). It is found that the electrical effect on enhancement of heat transfer becomes significant at a relatively low value of Ra. Besides, an approximately linear relationship is found between the Nusselt number Nu and T. Finally, ETHD flows for different directions of charge injection are investigated, and the results reveal that the heat transfer performance of the system is improved when the injection direction is the same as the direction of the temperature gradient.
How boiling happens in nanofuel droplets
Authors: Pandey Khushboo , Basu Saptarshi
Published: October 2018

We report detailed analyses of evaporation and atomisation characteristics of nanofuel droplets in a contactless environment (acoustic levitation) under external radiative heating. Two base fuels, ethanol and n-dodecane with a significant difference in their respective vapour-pressures, are considered. Nanoparticles (NPs) of cerium oxides (CeO2) are utilised as nano-additives at a dilute particle loading rate (PLR) of 0%-0.5% by weight. Pure ethanol droplets vaporise at a faster rate than pure dodecane droplets and do not exhibit any secondary atomisation. However, pure dodecane droplets exhibit two modes of secondary breakup; Kelvin-Helmholtz instability induced stripping and catastrophic breakup beyond a certain threshold value of the initial droplet size. Nanofuel droplets of ethanol neither exhibit any significant change in the vaporisation rate nor exhibit secondary atomization. Contrarily, dodecane-based nanofuels show enhanced vaporisation due to heat absorption by nanoparticles and consequently different modes of secondary breakup. Interestingly, dodecane-based nanofuel droplets exhibit internal boiling induced atomization. A time scale analysis considering orthokinetic NP aggregation, evaporation lifetime, and bubble growth rate is presented to elucidate the mechanism of such internal boiling. The theoretical non-dimensional time scale (τ*) so coined is extended to estimate the minimum value of the droplet size necessary for exhibiting boiling. The analysis shows excellent agreement with the experimental observations. Furthermore, we propose a unique three-dimensional regime map to correlate the breakup modes with droplet sizes, PLR, and heating rates.
Highly robust emergent 2-D patterns found in a time-delay laser system
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: October 2018

Nonlinear time-delay methods are used to investigate the complex dynamic behavior of a laser subjected to two time delays, revealing the existence of two-dimensional chimeras and dissipative solitons.
Chronic social stress-induced hyperglycemia in mice couples individual stress susceptibility to impaired spatial memory
Authors: van der Kooij Michael A. , Jene Tanja , Treccani Giulia , Miederer Isabelle , Hasch Annika , Voelxen Nadine , Walenta Stefan , Müller Marianne B.
Published: October 2018

Significance

Stress-associated mental disorders and diabetes pose an enormous socio-economic burden. Glucose dysregulation occurs with both psychosocial and metabolic stress. While cognitive impairments are common in metabolic disorders such as diabetes and are accompanied by hyperglycemia, a causal role for glucose has not been established. We show that chronic social defeat (CSD) stress induces lasting peripheral and central hyperglycemia and impaired glucose metabolism in a subgroup of mice. Animals exhibiting hyperglycemia early post-CSD display spatial memory impairments that can be rescued by the antidiabetic empagliflozin. We demonstrate that individual stress vulnerability to glucose homeostasis can be identified early after insult and that stress-induced hyperglycemia directly impinges on cognitive integrity. Our findings further bridge the gap between stress-related pathologies and metabolic disorders.
Highly disordered histone H1−DNA model complexes and their condensates
Authors: Turner Abigail L. , Watson Matthew , Wilkins Oscar G. , Cato Laura , Travers Andrew , Thomas Jean O. , Stott Katherine
Published: October 2018

Significance

DNA is a stiff polymer that is condensed in vivo by polyamines and cationic proteins, many of which are intrinsically disordered. In eukaryotes, where DNA is packaged as chromatin, condensation of internucleosomal (linker) DNA is effected by the C-terminal tail of histone H1. Its structure and DNA binding are poorly understood, as is the link between H1 phosphorylation and chromatin structural changes during the cell cycle. Here we present a model system, with which we show that H1 binds tightly to DNA but retains a high level of disorder. Phase-separated condensates form, containing higher-order structures that are highly sensitive to the phosphorylation state of H1, suggesting a mechanism by which condensation of the chromatin fiber and other assemblies might be regulated.
Why large icosahedral viruses need scaffolding proteins
Authors: Li Siyu , Roy Polly , Travesset Alex , Zandi Roya
Published: October 2018

Significance

Despite a plethora of experimental data on the role of scaffolding proteins in the structure of viral shells, no theoretical/numerical explanations have been put forward to decipher the indisputable need of large shells for scaffolding proteins. This paper explains the underlying physical mechanisms for the formation of large viral shells and elucidates the “universal” role of scaffolding proteins in the formation of large spherical crystals.
Nonproteinogenic deep mutational scanning of linear and cyclic peptides
Authors: Rogers Joseph M. , Passioura Toby , Suga Hiroaki
Published: October 2018

Significance

The 20 proteinogenic amino acids have physicochemical properties that allow peptides and proteins to fold and bind. However, there are numerous unnatural, nonproteinogenic amino acids that may be equally good, or even better, at folding and binding. Exploration of these alternative peptide building blocks has been limited by slow, one-at-a-time synthesis and testing. We describe how, in a single experiment, multiple nonproteinogenic amino acids can be trialed at all positions in a peptide sequence, with thousands of modifications tested in parallel. This permits detailed analysis of how chemical structure relates to function and allows for systematic comparisons of proteinogenic and nonproteinogenic chemistry. Such analysis can guide the improvement of drug-candidate peptides, including the therapeutically promising class of cyclic peptides.
MmpL8
MAB
controls
Mycobacterium abscessus
virulence and production of a previously unknown glycolipid family
Authors: Dubois Violaine , Viljoen Albertus , Laencina Laura , Le Moigne Vincent , Bernut Audrey , Dubar Faustine , Blaise Mickaël , Gaillard Jean-Louis , Guérardel Yann , Kremer Laurent , Herrmann Jean-Louis , Girard-Misguich Fabienne
Published: October 2018

Significance

One major defense mechanism of mycobacteria relies mainly on the synthesis and transport of specialized lipids, processes that reside in the cell wall. Among the transporters, Mycobacterial membrane protein Large (MmpL) plays an essential role. We describe the role of MmpL8 (MmpL8
MAB
) in the survival of
Mycobacterium abscessus
within eukaryotic hosts. We show that its absence slows the contact between
M. abscessus
and the host cell cytosol, an essential element in its resistance to the cell bactericidal mechanisms. The absence of MmpL8
MAB
leads to reduced production of a previously unknown glycolipid: a glycosyl diacylated nonadecyl diol (GDND). The glycolipid seems unique to the
Mycobacterium chelonae
complex, supporting the view that GDND might represent a typical signature of
M. abscessus
infection.
Word order as a subject test in Old Icelandic
Authors: Jónsson Jóhannes Gísli
Published: October 2018

The main claim of this article is that word order can be used to diagnose subjecthood in Old Icelandic if the relative order of subjects and objects in clauses where both arguments follow the finite verb is examined. The subject always precedes the object in such cases unless (i) the object is moved by Pronominal Object Scrambling, (ii) the subject is moved by Heavy/Indefinite Subject Shift, or (iii) the object contains a reflexive possessive which precedes its binder, a distributive subject. This means that a pronominal subject will always precede an object following the finite verb. It is also shown that these facts strongly support the existence of oblique subjects in Old Icelandic since oblique subjects behave exactly like nominative subject in that they must precede objects under the same conditions as nominative subjects.
Forty years in the search of a/the subject
Authors: Malchukov Andrej L.
Published: October 2018

The present short discussion piece presents my personal view of the studies of the topics related to the notion of subject, oblique subject and non-canonical subject marking over the last years. The presentation is of course subjective insofar as it reflects my range of interests in this field. Equally subjective is the selected timeframe mentioned in the title (“forty years”) which is meant to refer to the time when the notion of subject has been in the spotlight of typological interest.
Plural inflection in North Sea Germanic languages
Authors: Versloot Arjen P. , Adamczyk Elżbieta
Published: October 2018

The present study explores the variation in the plural inflection of eight varieties of Frisian and English, focusing on irregular plural formations. The aim of the study is to identify and assess the significance of the factors which contributed to the preservation and emergence of irregular plural patterns in the investigated varieties. Multivariate regression analysis, which was employed to weigh the significance of individual factors, reveals that the retention and emergence of irregular plural patterns is primarily determined by a combination of three major factors: relative frequency, absolute frequency and salience. These factors can be reduced to underlying cognitive processes, including the storage and retrieval of linguistic information in the human brain. Another relevant factor, semantics, affects the lemma frequency profile, but can gain momentum as a factor in its own right due to analogical co-activation in language processing.
Shifting of air pollutants distribution during car free day event
Authors: Huboyo H S , Wardhana I W , Sutrisno E , Budisulistiorini S H
Published: October 2018

According to Decree of Semarang Mayor No. 22/2011, car free day activities is addressed to give clean air for facilitating citizens activities. This car free day event is held every Sunday in the morning in the city center of Semarang i.e. located at Simpang Lima square. This research is aimed at identifying the shifting of pollutant during car fee day event by comparing ambient air pollutant concentration represented by carbon monoxide during car free day event and non-car free day event. About 14 streets had been measured its ambient CO concentration during Saturday (non-car free day event) and Sunday (car free day event). We also modeled (using Caline4) the CO dispersion at the certain area on those streets to know the spatial distribution of concentration during those two events. The ambient CO concentration, in general, during car free day event were somewhat increase for certain roads. The emission load of vehicles emission during CFD event was 1.37 times of non-CFD event. Nevertheless, based on spatial distribution of ambient CO concentration at the area of roads of interest, its concentrations were below the ambient CO concentration standard (PP.41/99).
PlateDesigner: a web-based application for the design of microplate experiments
Authors: Suprun Maria , Suárez-Fariñas Mayte
Published: October 2018

In biological assays, systematic variability, known as a batch effect, can often confound the effects of true biological conditions and has been well documented for a variety of high-throughput technologies. In microplate-based multiplex experiments, such as Luminex or OLINK assays, researchers need to consider both position and plate effects. Those effects can be easily accounted for if the experiments are properly designed, which includes randomization of the samples across multiple experimental runs. However, doing the ad hoc randomization becomes challenging when handling multiple samples. PlateDesigner is the first web-based application that provides randomization for microplate experiments, ensuring that the main principles of the experimental design, such as grouping samples from the same biological units and balancing the distribution of experimental conditions, are applied. Creating randomizations with PlateDesigner is simple and the results can be exported in a variety of formats, and easily integrated with microplate readers and statistical analysis software.

Availability and implementation

PlateDesigner is written in R/Shiny and is hosted online by the Center of Biostatistics at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. This application is freely available at platedesigner.net.