bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Child and caregiver mental health during 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: findings from national repeated cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Price Anna MH , Measey Mary-Anne , Hoq Monsurul , Rhodes Anthea , Goldfeld Sharon
Published: July 2022

Background

There are calls for research into the mental health consequences of living through the COVID-19 pandemic. Australia’s initial, effective suppression of COVID-19 offers insights into these indirect impacts in the relative absence of the disease. We aimed to describe the mental health experiences of Australian caregivers and children over 12 months, reporting differences related to demographic, socioeconomic and lockdown characteristics.

Methods

Data were from Australia’s only nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional survey of caregivers with children (0–17 years). N=2020 caregivers participated in June 2020, N=1434 in September 2020 and N=2508 in July 2021. Caregivers reported their mental health (poor vs not, Kessler-6), and perceived impacts of the pandemic on theirs and their children’s mental health (negative vs none/positive). Data were weighted to approximate population distributions of caregiver age, gender, sole caregiving, number and ages of children, state/territory and neighbourhood-level disadvantage.

Results

Perceived impacts on mental health were more frequently negative for female (vs male) caregivers and older (vs younger) children. Poor caregiver mental health (Kessler-6) was more common for families experiencing socioeconomic adversity (especially financial), while perceived impacts were more frequently negative for more socially advantaged groups. Caregivers who experienced the least total lockdown reported similar mental health over time. Otherwise, poor mental health and perceived negative impacts increased over time with increasing total length of lockdown.

Conclusion

Despite Australia’s low infection rates, the negative mental health experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic are real and concerning. Addressing poor mental health must be central to ongoing pandemic recovery efforts for families and children.
Early surfactant and non-invasive ventilation versus intubation and surfactant: a propensity score-matched national study
Authors: Reigstad Hallvard , Hufthammer Karl Ove , Rønnestad Arild E , Klingenberg Claus , Stensvold Hans Jørgen , Markestad Trond
Published: July 2022

Objective

To compare outcome after less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) and primary endotracheal intubation (non-LISA) in infants born before gestational age (GA) 28 weeks.

Setting

All neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Norway during 2012–2018.

Methods

Defined population-based data were prospectively entered into a national registry. We compared LISA infants with all non-LISA infants and with non-LISA infants who received surfactant following intubation. We used propensity score (PS) matching to identify non-LISA infants who were similar regarding potential confounders.

Main outcome variables

Rate and duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), survival, neurological and gastrointestinal morbidity, and need of supplemental oxygen or positive pressure respiratory support at postmenstrual age (PMA) 36 and 40 weeks.

Results

We restricted analyses to GA 25–27 weeks (n=843, 26% LISA) because LISA was rarely used at lower GAs. There was no significant association between NICUs regarding proportions treated with LISA and proportions receiving MV. In the PS-matched datasets, fewer LISA infants received MV (61% vs 78%, p<0.001), and they had fewer days on MV (mean difference 4.1, 95% CI 0.0 to 8.2 days) and lower mortality at PMA 40 weeks (absolute difference 6%, p=0.06) compared with all the non-LISA infants, but only a lower rate of MV (64% vs 97%, p<0.001) and fewer days on MV (mean difference 5.8, 95% CI 0.6 to 10.9 days) compared with non-LISA infants who received surfactant after intubation.

Conclusion

LISA reduced the rate and duration of MV but had no other clear benefits.
Optimising rehabilitation and recovery after a stroke
Authors: Bonifacio Guendalina B , Ward Nick S , Emsley Hedley C A , Cooper Jon , Bernhardt Julie
Published: July 2022

Stroke can cause significant disability and impact quality of life. Multidisciplinary neurorehabilitation that meets individual needs can help to optimise recovery. Rehabilitation is essential for best quality care but should start early, be ongoing and involve effective teamwork. We describe current stroke rehabilitation processes, from the hyperacute setting through to inpatient and community rehabilitation, to long-term care and report on which UK quality care standards are (or are not) being met. We also examine the gap between what stroke rehabilitation is recommended and what is being delivered, and suggest areas for further improvement.
Effective transport coefficients of anisotropic disordered materials
Authors: Hilfer R. , Hauskrecht J.
Published: July 2022

A novel effective medium theory for homogenized transport coefficients of anisotropic mixtures of possibly anisotropic materials is developed. Existing theories for isotropic systems cannot be easily extended, because that would require geometric characterizations of anisotropic connectivity. In this work anisotropic connectivity is characterized by introducing a tensor that is constructed from a histogram of local percolating directions. The construction is inspired by local porosity theory. A large number of known and unknown generalized effective medium approximations for anisotropic media are obtained as limiting special cases from the new theory. Among these limiting cases the limit of strong cylindrical anisotropy is of particular interest. The parameter space of the generalized theory is explored, and the advanced results are applied to experiment.

Graphic abstract
Ensemble of Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Estimation Using Topic Modeling and Similarity Measure
Authors: Chakriswaran Priya , Vincent Durai Raj , Kadry Seifedine
Published: July 2022

In recent times, bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) analyses becomes a hot study topic. The AMR comprises information related to the antibiotic product name, class name, subclass name, type, subtype, gene type, etc., which can fight against the illness. However, the tagging language used to determine the data is of free context. These contexts often contain ambiguous data, which leads to a hugely challenging issue in retrieving, organizing, merging, and finding the relevant data. Manually reading this text and labelling is not time-consuming. Hence, topic modeling overcomes these challenges and provides efficient results in categorizing the topic and in determining the data. In this view, this research work designs an ensemble of artificial intelligence for categorizing the AMR gene data and determine the relationship between the antibiotics. The proposed model includes a weighted voting based ensemble model by the incorporation of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Hierarchical Recurrent Neural Networks (HRNN), shows the novelty of the work. It is used for determining the amount of “topics” that cluster utilizing a multidimensional scaling approach. In addition, the proposed model involves the data pre-processing stage to get rid of stop words, punctuations, lower casing, etc. Moreover, an explanatory data analysis uses word cloud which assures the proper functionality and to proceed with the model training process. Besides, three approaches namely perplexity, Harmonic mean, and Random initialization of K are employed to determine the number of topics. For experimental validation, an openly accessible Bacterial AMR reference gene database is employed. The experimental results reported that the perplexity provided the optimal number of topics from the AMR gene data of more than 6500 samples. Therefore, the proposed model helps to find the appropriate antibiotic for bacterial and viral spread and discover how to increase the proper antibiotic in human bodies
Applying Behavioral Contagion Theory to Examining Young Adults’ Participation in Viral Social Media Challenges
Authors: Abraham Jaclyn , Roth Rebecca , Zinzow Heidi , Madathil Kapil Chalil , Wisniewski Pamela
Published: July 2022

Viral social media challenges have erupted across multiple social media platforms. While social media users participate in prosocial challenges designed to support good causes, like the Ice Bucket Challenge, some challenges (e.g., Cinnamon Challenge) can also potentially be dangerous. To understand the influential factors, experiences, and reflections of young adults who participated in a viral social media challenge in the past, we conducted interviews with 30 college students (ages 18–27). We applied behavioral contagion theory as a qualitative lens to understand whether this theory could help explain the factors that contributed to their participation. We found that behavior contagion theory was useful but not fully able to explain how and why young social media users engaged in viral challenges. Thematic analyses uncovered that overt social influence and intrinsic factors (i.e., social pressure, entertainment value, and attention-seeking) also played a key role in challenge participation. Additionally, we identified divergent patterns between prosocial and potentially risky social media challenges. Those who participated in prosocial challenges appeared to be more socially motivated as they saw more similarities between themselves and the individuals that they observed performing the challenges and were more likely to be directly encouraged by their friends to participate. In contrast, those who performed potentially risky challenges often did not see similarities with other challenge participants, nor did they receive direct encouragement from peers; yet, half of these participants said they would not have engaged in the challenge had they been more aware of the potential for physical harm. We consider the benefits and risks that viral social media challenges present for young adults with the intent of optimizing these interactions by mitigating risks, rather than discouraging them altogether.
Should I write about mental health on my med school app? Examining medical school admissions committee members’ biases regarding mental health conditions
Authors: Abraham Anna E. , Busch Carly A. , Brownell Sara E. , Cooper Katelyn M.
Published: July 2022

Mental health conditions can impact college students’ academic achievements and experiences. As such, students may choose to disclose mental illnesses on medical school applications. Yet, no recent studies have investigated to what extent disclosure of a mental health condition may impact whether an applicant is accepted to medical school. We conducted an audit study to address this gap and surveyed 99 potential medical school admissions committee members from over 40 M.D.-granting schools in the United States. Participants rated a fictitious portion of a single medical school application on acceptability, competence, and likeability. They were randomly assigned to a condition: an application that explained a low semester grade-point average due to 1) a mental health condition, 2) a physical health condition, or 3) offered no explanation. After rating their respective application, all committee members were asked about when revealing a mental health condition would be beneficial and when it would be detrimental. Using ANOVAs, multinomial regression, and open coding, we found that medical school admissions committee members do not rate applications lower when a mental health condition is revealed. Committee members highlighted that revealing a mental health condition to demonstrate resiliency could be beneficial, but if the reference is vague or the condition is not being managed, it could be detrimental to a student’s application. This work indicates that medical school admissions committee members do not exhibit a bias against mental health conditions and provides recommendations on how to discuss mental illness on medical school applications.
Chronic activation of vasopressin-2 receptors induces hypertension in Liddle mice by promoting Na+ and water retention
Authors: Stockand James D. , Mironova Elena V. , Xiang Hong , Soares Antonio G. , Contreras Jorge , McCormick James A. , Gurley Susan B. , Pao Alan C.
Published: July 2022

Liddle syndrome is a classic model for hypertension from high epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) activity. In the Liddle mouse model, vasopressin-2 receptors stimulate both ENaC and aquaporin-2, which increases Na+ and water retention to such an extent that hypertension ensues. Liddle mice will preserve plasma tonicity at the expense of a higher blood pressure; these data highlight the inherent limitation in which the kidney must use ENaC as a pathway to regulate both plasma tonicity and blood pressure.
Age-Stratified Analysis of Vaginal Microbiota Dysbiosis and the Relationship with HPV Viral Load in HPV-Positive Women
Authors: Li Mingzhu , Zhao Chao , Zhao Yun , Li Jingran , Wei Lihui
Published: July 2022

Objective. This study evaluated the distribution of vaginal microbiota dysbiosis and the association with HPV viral load test in high-risk HPV-positive women before and after 50 years old. Methods. For this cross-sectional study, 388 HPV-positive women prior to referral to colposcopy in Peking University Peoples’ Hospital were included and classified as younger than 50 years (

n
=
307

) and aged 50 years or older (

n
=
81

), midvagina bacterial community composition was characterized by FlashDetect™ MAX vaginal microbe detection kit, and BMRT-HPV reported type-specific viral loads/10,000 cells. Results. The community state type (CST) IV was the most common CST occurring in 148 women (38.1%). The proportion of CST IV in those aged 50 years or older was significantly higher than those younger than 50 years (women) (66.7% vs. 30.6%); the difference was statistically significant (<0.001). CST distribution has no statistical difference in different grades of cervical lesion, regardless of the age (

p
=
0.238

and 0.263). However, the women with high-grade cervical lesion presented a more complicated trend and the abundance of vaginal microbiota dysbiosis than low-grade lesion. HPV16/18 viral load was found to be significantly higher in CST III and CST IV than CST I/II/V (

p
<
0.05

)in women younger than 50 years. Conclusions. In women younger than 50 years, higher HPV16/18 load was more closely associated with CST IV; however, it had no significant correlation in women aged 50 years or older.
Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis of Toll‐Like Receptors (TLRs) in Pan‐Cancer
Authors: Ping Wei , Hong Senyuan , Xun Yang , Li Cong
Published: July 2022

Background. To conduct a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis on the transcriptome signatures of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) in pan‐cancer. Materials and methods. A total of 11,057 tissues consisting of 33 types of carcinoma in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were retrieved, and then we further explored the correlation between TLRs’ expression with tumorigenesis, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity. We conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis on TLR1 to 10 in pan‐cancer, including differential expression analysis between normal and tumor tissues, differential immune subtype correlation, survival analysis, tumor immune infiltration estimating, stemness indices correlation, and drug responses correlation. Results. TLR2 was highly expressed in most types of tumors. TLR9 was hardly expressed compared to other TLR genes, which lead to TLR9 showing less correlation with both immune‐estimate scores and stromal‐estimate scores. All the TLRs were related with immune subtype of tumor samples that all of them were differentially expressed in differential immune subtype samples. The expression of TLRs was positively related with immune‐estimate scores and stromal‐estimate scores in almost all types of tumor. The expression of TLRs was negatively correlated with mRNA expression‐based stemness scores (RNAss) in nearly almost type of tumors except kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and also negatively correlated with DNA methylation‐based stemness scores (DNAss) in many types of tumors except adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), KIRC, acute myeloid leukemia (LAML), low‐grade glioma (LGG), testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), thyroid carcinoma (THCA), thymoma (THYM), and uveal melanoma (UVM). The expression of TLR9 was significantly positively correlated with the drug sensitivity of fluphenazine, alectinib, carmustine, and 7−hydroxystaurosporine. TLR7 was significantly positively correlated with the drug sensitivity of alectinib. Conclusions. Our study reveals the significant role of TLRs family in pan‐cancer and provides potential therapeutic strategies of cancer.
Bioinformatics Analysis Revealing the Correlation between NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Immune Infiltration in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Chen Qiuxiang , Du Xiaojing , Ruan Pengcheng , Ye Yumei , Zheng Jin , Hu Sunkuan
Published: July 2022

Although the emerging of immunotherapy conferred a new landscape of gastric cancer (GC) treatment, its response rate was of significant individual differences. Insight into GC immune microenviroment may contribute to breaking the dilemma. To this end, the enrichment score of NF-κB signaling pathway was calculated in each GC sample from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) via ssGSEA algorithm, and its association with immune infiltration was estimated. Based on NF-κB-related genes, a risk score was established and its involvement in immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and N6-methyladenosine (M6A) modification was analyzed in GC. The results showed that NF-κB signaling pathway promoted the infiltration of immune cells in GC. In addition, GC samples were divided into low- and high-risk groups according to a seven-gene (CARD11, CCL21, GADD45B, LBP, RELB, TRAF1, and VCAM1) risk score. Although the high-risk group displayed high immune infiltration and high expression of M6A regulatory genes, it remains in an immunosuppressive microenviroment and whereby suffers a poorer outcome. Of note, most of hub genes were related to immune infiltration and could serve as an independent prognostic biomarker. Conclusively, our study emphasized the crucial role of NF-κB signaling pathway in GC immune microenviroment and provided several candidate genes that may participate in immune infiltration.
Continuous Psychological Nursing Based on Grey Clustering Algorithm in Patients after Transurethral Resection of Prostate
Authors: Lu Peiting , Wu Cuiyun
Published: July 2022

Objective. To explore the effect of continuous psychological nursing based on the grey clustering algorithm on erectile function, bad psychological emotion, and complications in patients after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). Methods. 98 patients who underwent TURP were randomly divided into observation and control groups (routine nursing). The observation group first used the grey clustering algorithm to evaluate the psychological intelligence, found patients with abnormal psychological behavior, and then implemented continuous psychological nursing combined with pelvic floor muscle exercise. The patients were followed up for 4 months. The International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), the incidence of complications, the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scores, and the nursing satisfaction were analyzed and compared between these two groups. Results. The grey clustering algorithm can accurately reflect the characteristics of patients’ psychological changes. After targeted nursing, compared with the control group, the IIEF-5 in the observation group was higher [(

24.87
±
1.85

) vs. (

22.24
±
1.47

),

P
<
0.05

], the incidence of total complications was lower (10.20% vs. 26.53%,

P
<
0.05

), the score of HAMA was lower [(

6.11
±
2.57

) vs. (

10.98
±
2.29

),

P
<
0.05

], the score of HAMD was lower [(

6.97
±
2.85

) vs. (

11.35
±
2.19

),

P
<
0.05

], and the nursing satisfaction was higher (100% vs. 85.71%,

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Mental intelligence evaluation based on the grey clustering algorithm combined with pelvic floor muscle exercise can significantly improve the rehabilitation effect of erectile function in patients after TURP, reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, and alleviate patients’ anxiety and depression.
Force Transmission Analysis and Optimization of Bowden Cable on Body in a Flexible Exoskeleton
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Jinkang , Li Weihao , Huang Yijing , Zhan Gan
Published: July 2022

The Bowden cable is a significant force transmission equipment for a flexible exoskeleton. However, the previous researches of Bowden cable had emphasized on the data from experimenting test board, instead of on human body, which produced the inaccurate assisting analysis of the flexible exoskeleton. In this paper, a flexible exoskeleton for assisting knee extension was proposed, which provided an on-body condition. Then, the friction force and its influencing factors between the wire rope and sheath of the Bowden cable from the motor to the anchor of knee have been analyzed. The segment models of force transmission with the concern of three kinds of friction modes were established, and the relationship between various lengths and bending angles of Bowden cable was fitted to the equations of curve. Furthermore, the association rule between the force transmission and the lengths of Bowden cable was obtained, based on which, the optimal force transmission efficiency was 78.68% when the length value of the Bowden cable was 475 mm. A flexible exoskeleton prototype was assembled; then, the experiments with force transmission and metabolic cost have been developed. The results showed that the force transmission efficiency had strong association with the lengths of Bowden cable, instead of the transmission velocities. Furthermore, this knee assistance exoskeleton reduced the net metabolic cost of the testees during walking. These experiments results corroborated the force transmission modeling and simulation of the Bowden cable on body we proposed in this paper.
A Service-Aware Latency-Relaxed uRLLC Multiplexing Strategy within eMBB Traffic for Hyperloop Communications
Authors: Zhang Jiachi , Liu Liu , Ruan Jiuhong , Li Lu , Wang Kai , Sun Rongchen
Published: July 2022

The train-to-ground communications for Hyperloop encounter numerous challenges compared to the previous systems as a result of ultrahigh velocity, metal confined tube, severe penetration attenuation, frequent handover, etc. Ultrareliable low latency communication (uRLLC) services are extremely pivotal to the operation of Hyperloops since they are responsible for the transmission of safety-related messages like train control system (TCS) information. Furthermore, the sporadic generated uRLLC traffic is strictly latency-sensitive and requires stringent transmission reliability, which is usually realized by multiplexing with the enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) traffic when coexisting with heterogeneous traffic. Different from current multiplexing schemes which handle all uRLLC traffic indiscriminately, we focus on the detailed demands of different uRLLC services for Hyperloops, including the end-to-end transmission latency and bit error rate (BER). Then, we classify the safety-related uRLLC traffic into 5 levels according to the metrics and relax the multiplexing latency properly. On this basis, an optimization problem incorporating minimizing uRLLC power and maximizing the eMBB throughput is formulated. Then, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to cope with this nondeterministic polynomial- (NP-) hard problem. Simulation results imply that our proposed service-aware latency-relaxed concept enables a flexible multiplexing of the uRLLC traffic, and the proposed PSO algorithm can obtain the suboptimal solutions with the constraints of BER and time-frequency range, which can cater to the demands of uRLLC and improve the passengers’ in-journey communication quality of services to some degree.
A Study on the Method of Press Freedom Value Assessment Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Zhu Muqing
Published: July 2022

Freedom of the press embodies an increasingly important role in modern democratic society, and people pay more and more attention to the value of freedom of press. The value of freedom of press has been elaborated from the basic concept, right attributes, and role functions of freedom of press, which are the basis for the existence of the value of freedom of the press and the jurisprudential basis for strengthening its legal construction. Freedom of press is a right extended from the freedom of speech and publication and is the application of freedom of speech and publication in news communication activities. Freedom of the press in the modern sense is considered an institutional right, both a fundamental right and a political right. As the role of press freedom in the process of modern democratic society becomes more and more prominent, the conflict between its value and other social values becomes more and more obvious. In such a context, this study introduces BP neural network technology into the assessment of press freedom value, expecting that a set of assessment method models with press freedom value as the core can be constructed. In order to achieve this goal, the core problem is how to use BP neural network technology to automatically evaluate the value of freedom of the press. A web crawler is used to crawl news from various online sources and the news are scored and evaluated by the system to present the most valuable news first to the readers. A dataset of 1440 data samples was created to be used in the experiments. The proposed GRU with multifeature fusion method has a higher accuracy and lower error rate as compared to LSTM, linear regression, and random forest-based model.
Patterns of Sociotechnical Design Preferences of Chatbots for Intergenerational Collaborative Innovation: A Q Methodology Study
Authors: Nurhas Irawan , Jahanbin Pouyan , Pawlowski Jan , Wingreen Stephen , Geisler Stefan
Published: July 2022

Chatbot technology is increasingly emerging as a virtual assistant. Chatbots could allow individuals and organizations to accomplish objectives that are currently not fully optimized for collaboration across an intergenerational context. This paper explores the preferences of chatbots as a companion in intergenerational innovation. The Q methodology was used to investigate different types of collaborators and determine how different choices occur between collaborators that merge the problem and solution domains of chatbots’ design within intergenerational settings. The study’s findings reveal that various chatbot design priorities are more diverse among younger adults than senior adults. Additionally, our research further outlines the principles of chatbot design and how chatbots will support both generations. This research is the first step towards cultivating a deeper understanding of different age groups’ subjective design preferences for chatbots functioning as a companion in the workplace. Moreover, this study demonstrates how the Q methodology can guide technological development by shifting the approach from an age-focused design to a common goal-oriented design within a multigenerational context.
Identification of Genes Predicting Poor Response of Trastuzumab in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Dong Xinrui , Dai Huijuan , Sun Aijun , Yu Zhenfeng , Du Yueyao
Published: July 2022

Objective. To identify trastuzumab-resistant genes predicting drug response and poor prognosis in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer. Methods. Gene expression profiles from the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database were obtained and analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the pathological complete response (pCR) group and non-pCR group in a trastuzumab neoadjuvant therapy cohort and DEGs between Herceptin-resistant and wild-type cell lines were detected and evaluated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analyses were performed to select the functional hub genes. The hub genes’ prognostic power was validated by another trastuzumab adjuvant treatment cohort. Results. Fifty upregulated overlapping DEGs were identified by analyzing two trastuzumab resistance-related GEO databases. Functional analysis picked out ten hub genes enriched in mitochondrial function and metabolism pathways: ASCL1, CPT2, DLD, ELVOL7, GAMT, NQO1, SLC23A1, SPR, UQCRB, and UQCRQ. These hub genes could distinguish patients with trastuzumab resistance from the sensitive ones. Further survival analysis of hub genes showed that DLD overexpression was significantly associated with an unfavorable prognosis in HER2+ breast cancer patients. Conclusion. Ten novel trastuzumab resistance-related genes were discovered, of which DLD could be used for trastuzumab response prediction and prognostic prediction in HER2+ breast cancer.
Better Knowledge about Testicular Cancer Might Improve the Rate of Testicular (Self-)Examination: A Survey among 1,025 Medical Students in Germany
Authors: Aksoy Cem , Ihrig Andreas , Reimold Philipp , Tosev Georgi , Himmelsbach Ruth , Jesser Jessica , Babayigit Güven , Huber Johannes
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy among young men. Public awareness of the disease and testicular (self-)examination (TSE) is low. This study aims to evaluate the awareness of German medical students on TC. Methods: A 25-item questionnaire on TC was handed out during a medical student’s football tournament in Germany. Data collection was anonymous. Results: Questionnaires were answered by 573 (56%) female and 452 (44%) male medical students. Most students had gaps in their knowledge about TC: 483 (48%) students knew, the most common age at which TC occurs, and 413 (41%) knew its cure rate. Having dealt with TC during their studies was significantly associated with a better knowledge about TC (p = 0.001). These students also had a higher rate of TSE among male students (66% vs. 52%, p = 0.002). This also applies to examining the partner’s testicles by female students (25% vs. 13%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Even in a positively selected collective like medical students, the knowledge about TC is low. Better knowledge might improve the chance of detecting the disease early. Therefore, our joint project of urologists, patients, and supporters called Prevention and Advocacy of Testicular Education e.V. (PATE) works on rising public TC awareness in Germany.
Some Points for the KDIGO 2021 Guideline for Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Membranous Nephropathy: Is It Clear Enough for Us to Follow?
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Xie Xiaotong , Zhao Yu , Wang Guihua , Shao Hua , Zhang Xiaoliang
Published: July 2022

Context: Patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) are recognized as individuals with high risk of thrombosis. However, prophylactic anticoagulant therapy in this population is still a controversial topic for a lack of high-quality evidence. Subject of Review: The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases was published in Kidney International in October 2021, and it was updated on the topic of prophylactic anticoagulant therapy in patients with MN. Differing from the previous main concern about the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in MN, it paid attention to the risk of arterial thromboembolism (ATE) as well. Additionally, the risk of ATE was considered to be associated with hypoalbuminemia. A tool for evaluating the risk of bleeding in patients with MN was proposed in the KDIGO 2021 guideline, and individuals with low risk of bleeding as well as high risk of VTE were suggested to use warfarin or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) combined with aspirin, as an alternative regimen for warfarin. Second Opinion: Our analysis shows that no consensuses have been reached on whether the prevention of ATE is necessary for patients with MN or whether the risk of ATE is associated with hypoalbuminemia. The proposed tool is not the only choice of tools for bleeding assessment, and the HAS-BLED risk score might be a better choice from the perspective of general applicability and availability. Furthermore, in our opinion, the suggestion for prophylaxis regimen of LMWH combined with aspirin showed a lack of consideration and might be inappropriate to some degree. In summary, there are still many controversies in the field of prophylactic anticoagulation for MN; as a consequence, more high-quality studies are required to provide guidance.
Impacto da exigência do exame para substâncias psicoativas no consumo de anfetaminas por caminhoneiros
Authors: Flôr Maria Luiza Martins , Spiering Mireila Ribeiro , Wagner Pedro Henrique Jost , Mombach Arthur Royer , Oliveira Margareth da Silva , Thiesen Flávia Valladão
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: avaliar o impacto da exigência do exame para drogas em cabelos no consumo de anfetaminas por motoristas de caminhão. Método: realizou-se um estudo exploratório descritivo, de corte transversal, com coleta de dados na Região Metropolitana da capital do Rio Grande do Sul. Para caracterizar a população e avaliar o impacto da exigência do exame, foi aplicado um instrumento estruturado com perguntas a respeito de informações pessoais, ocupacionais, uso de anfetaminas, sobre a Lei nº 13.103/2015 e o teste em cabelo. Resultados: foram entrevistados 97 motoristas, com idade média de 38 anos, sendo 99% do gênero masculino. Sobre o uso de anfetaminas, 20,6% admitiram fazer uso dessa substância, sendo possível observar que o número de usuários é maior entre os motoristas autônomos e que percorrem longas distâncias (p<0,05). Conclusão: este estudo indica que a exigência da realização de exames para a detecção do uso de drogas em cabelos não reduziu o consumo de anfetaminas por motoristas de caminhão. As demais informações coletadas apontam, como possíveis causas, as condições de trabalho e as péssimas condições das estradas, as quais exigem a realização de longas jornadas de trabalho, bem como a facilidade para adquirir drogas e laudos falsos para os exames.
Estratégias comunicacionais "produto-experiência" e "serviço-experiência" no Instagram
Authors: Fonseca Mayara de Sousa Guimarães , Lacerda Juciano de Sousa
Published: July 2022

A proposta deste estudo é apresentar as conceituações “produto-experiência” e “serviço-experiência”, formuladas a partir da atuação das influenciadoras digitais como estratégias comunicacionais para fomento do consumo de moda e beleza no aplicativo Instagram. A divulgação publicitária em seus perfis gira em torno da relevância da experiência com o produto ou serviço, e não somente deles em si. Este artigo é um dos resultados da tese de doutorado que monitorou, durante um período de 60 dias, cinco perfis de influenciadoras digitais de moda e beleza, das regiões Sudeste, Norte e Nordeste do país. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar também os impactos que as influenciadoras digitais têm no sistema publicitário atual, partindo do pressuposto de que o nível de interação entre elas e seus seguidores define sua institucionalização no cenário virtual, ao associarem seu estilo de vida aos produtos e serviços que divulgam.
Mitosfera do consumo: notas de uma teoria sobre comunicação, consumo e imaginário
Authors: Oliveira Frederico Jorge Tavares de
Published: July 2022

Neste artigo apresento algumas considerações sobre a mitosfera do consumo enquanto teoria que visa aproximar comunicação, consumo e imaginário. Para isso, realizo uma reflexão epistemológica aos estudos de comunicação e consumo, relacionando-os aos estudos do imaginário. Entre outros objetivos menos explícitos, buscarei fornecer bases teóricas para que possamos discutir o estatuto das imagens simbólicas e dos mitos na sociedade midiática e de consumo.
Arte de rua em casa: o consumo de obras que remetem à pichação
Authors: Couto Letícia Lima de Carvalho , Sato Silvio
Published: July 2022

Este artigo reflete sobre as motivações para o consumo de obras de arte que remetem à pichação a partir da articulação teórica de autores das áreas do consumo, arte e psicanálise. Foram entrevistados dois galeristas e quatro consumidores, a fim de identificar possíveis rituais de consumo. Percebeu-se que esse tipo de aquisição e posse é uma forma de o consumidor se aproximar de significados associados à arte de rua, como transgressão, coragem e liberdade. Isso se dá por meio do significado deslocado, no qual, pela posse desses objetos, os consumidores tentariam incorporar tais características e mostrar que são capazes de entender e dialogar com esses artistas que se utilizam da pichação para conseguir visibilidade e inclusão na sociedade.
Podem as marcas medir e compreender a eficácia de suas fachadas? Um estudo de atenção visual com o eye tracking
Authors: Kawano Diogo Rógora , Batista Leandro Leonardo , Silva Pedro Henrique Martins Lopes , Silva Carlos Eduardo da
Published: July 2022

A fachada de estabelecimentos comerciais contendo a marca da empresa e outros elementos de sua identidade visual emerge como um dos aspectos da comunicação visual de maior importância em um cenário repleto de estímulos que competem pela atenção das pessoas. Este estudo pretende analisar a atenção visual dada às fachadas de estabelecimentos comerciais situados na cidade de Passos (MG), a fim de compreender de que forma os níveis de atenção alocados nas lojas são capazes de aumentar ou reduzir as chances de lembrança dessas marcas analisadas. Para tanto, um estudo exploratório com 12 participantes foi conduzido, a partir da análise qualitativa e quantitativa de dados de rastreamento ocular (eye tracking). Os resultados indicaram que maiores níveis de atenção às fachadas potencializaram a lembrança de marca em mais de duas vezes, nas duas métricas utilizadas.
Narrativas e biografia no corpo: tatuagem e o consumo de literatura, as novas performances no cotidiano
Authors: Pavan Maria Angela , Annibal Sérgio Fabiano
Published: July 2022

Esta pesquisa busca possibilidades de compreensão dos sujeitos consumidores de literatura, por meio de tatuagens temáticas em seus corpos e, com isso, conhecer mais seus afetos diante das interações sociais em suas histórias de vida cotidiana. Iniciaremos essa reflexão a partir da compreensão das relações entre literatura, identidade e escolha da tatuagem (imagens e textos), bem como da relação dos conteúdos da pesquisa com a cultura. Como metodologia, utilizaremos a narrativa pessoal e biografia para desvendar os vínculos constitutivos entre literatura e consumo de literatura; também mobilizaremos as contribuições de Sodré, Rancière, Perez e Trindade, dentre outros. Como resultados, buscaremos o que leva esses indivíduos a escolherem autores e textos da literatura para serem temas de tatuagem, pois sabemos que o que permanece com o tempo são as imagens e sons do tempo vivido. A literatura é produção cultural e, ao tatuar, os sujeitos consumidores da literatura já passaram por todas as etapas da mediação cultural.
This Better Be Interesting: A Speaker’s Decision to Speak Cues Listeners to Expect Informative Content
Authors: Rohde Hannah , Hoek Jet , Keshev Maayan , Franke Michael
Published: July 2022

In anticipating upcoming content, comprehenders are known to rely on real-world knowledge. This knowledge can be deployed directly in favor of upcoming content about typical situations (implying a transparent mapping between the world and what speakers say about the world). Such knowledge can also be used to estimate the likelihood of speech, whereby atypical situations are the ones newsworthy enough to merit reporting (i.e., a nontransparent mapping in which improbable situations yield likely utterances). We report four forced-choice studies (three preregistered) testing this distinction between situation knowledge and speech production likelihood. Comprehenders are shown to anticipate situation-atypical meanings more when guessing content (a) that a speaker announces (rather than thinks), (b) that is said out of the blue (rather than produced when prompted), and (c) that is addressed to a large audience (rather than a single listener). The findings contrast with prior work that emphasizes a comprehension bias in favor of typicality, and they highlight the need for comprehension models that incorporate expectations for informativity (as one of a set of inferred speaker goals) alongside expectations for content plausibility.
Alcohol, Violence, and Injury-Induced Mortality: Evidence from a Modern-Day Prohibition
Authors: Barron Kai , Parry Charles D. H. , Bradshaw Debbie , Dorrington Rob , Groenewald Pam , Laubscher Ria , Matzopoulos Richard
Published: July 2022

This paper evaluates the impact of a sudden and unexpected nationwide alcohol sales ban in South Africa. We find that this policy causally reduced injury-induced mortality in the country by at least 14%. We argue that this estimate constitutes a lower bound on the true impact of alcohol on injury-induced mortality. We also document a sharp drop in violent crimes, indicating a tight link between alcohol and aggressive behavior in society. Our results underscore the severe harm that alcohol can cause and point toward a role for policy measures that target the heaviest drinkers in society.
Who Pays Sin Taxes? Understanding the Overlapping Burdens of Corrective Taxes
Authors: Conlon Christopher , Rao Nirupama , Wang Yinan
Published: July 2022

We find that sin-good purchases are highly concentrated, with 10% of households paying more than 80% of taxes on alcohol and cigarettes. Total sin-tax burdens are poorly explained by demographics (including income) but are well explained by eight household clusters defined by purchasing patterns. The two most taxed clusters comprise 8% of households, pay 63% of sin taxes, and are older, less educated, and lower income. Taxes on sugary beverages broaden the tax base but add to the burdens of heavily taxed households. Efforts to increase sin taxes should consider the heavy burdens borne by few households.
Syntactic Optionality in Heritage Language Use: Clause Type Preferences of German Heritage Speakers in a Majority English Context
Authors: Pashkova Tatiana , Tsehaye Wintai , Allen Shanley E. M. , Tracy Rosemarie
Published: July 2022

This study focuses on the syntactic and pragmatic resources heritage speakers (HS s) use to structure their discourse according to register. Drawing on a corpus of narratives produced by German HS s living in the United States, as well as by monolingually-raised speakers (MS s) of English and German, we investigated HS s’ syntactic resources by analyzing how they approached clause type optionality across registers. Concerning overall clause type frequencies, HS s performed similarly to MS s in their majority English, but showed differences in their heritage German compared to German MS s. This can be attributed to the majority language dominance and different complexity of clause types in the heritage language. However, regarding the pattern of clause types across registers, HS s’ productions are similar to those of German MS s, and across HS s’ two languages. This suggests an underlying register awareness that HS s can draw upon in their heritage language.
Three new subterranean species of the genus Speocera (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from caves of the Carajás area in the state of Pará, Brazil
Authors: BRESCOVIT ANTONIO DOMINGOS , ZAMPAULO ROBSON DE ALMEIDA , CIZAUSKAS IGOR , PEDROSO LEANDRO
Published: July 2022

Three new species of the spider genus Speocera Berland, 1914, collected in ferruginous caves in the Carajás region of Pará state, Brazil are described: Speocera pinima sp. nov., S. babau sp. nov. and S. piquira sp. nov., all based on males and females. These are abundant species, which have morphological characteristics probably associated with isolation in the subterranean environment. Variation in the shape of the lateral eyes, which can be reduced, and in the eyes colloration bright or opalescent, were observed in all species in this study. These morphological variations may indicate that some populations are in the process of isolation and/or are distributed in different horizons of the subterranean environment, including the Milieu Souterrain Superficiel (MSS). An update of male and female genital structures and specializations to the subterranean environment are discussed.
Taxonomic studies on Afrotropical Nolinae: review of the Afrotropical taxa of the genus Hampsonola László, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2015, descriptions of five new genera and five new species and introduction of a new synonymy (Lepidoptera, Nolidae)
Authors: LÁSZLÓ GYULA M.
Published: July 2022

An overview of the Afrotropical species of Hampsonola László, Ronkay & Ronkay is given and five new combinations are introduced: Hampsonola inexplicabilis (Hacker, 2012) comb. n., Hampsonola argyropasta (Hampson, 1914) comb. n., Hampsonola nanographa (Hacker, 2012) comb. n. are transferred from Meganola Dyar, and Hampsonola aulombardiella (Hacker, 2012) comb. n. and Hampsonola transecta (Hampson, 1901) comb. n. are transferred from Nola Leach to Hampsonola. Based on integrative taxonomic analyses, five new monotypic genera and their type species are described: Gabonola gen. n. smithi sp. n., Bellanola gen. n. mikongo sp. n., Brunneonola gen. n. nimba sp. n., Ivindonola gen. n. ipassa sp. n. and Cryptonola gen. n. confundata sp. n. Additionally, Negeta franeyae Viette, 1987 is transferred to the genus Leucobaeta László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010: Leucobaeta franeyae (Viette, 1987) comb. n. representing a senior synonym of Leucobaeta malagassa László, 2022 syn. n. The paper is illustrated with 21 colour and 16 black and white diagnostic images.
A new species of Bisaltes Thomson, 1868 from Peru and Ecuador (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini)
Authors: JUÁREZ-NOÉ GINO , GONZÁLEZ-CORONADO UZBEKIA , BEZARK LARRY G.
Published: July 2022

A new species of Bisaltes Thomson, 1868 from Peru and Ecuador is described and illustrated: Bisaltes (Bisaltes) confusa sp. nov. Additionally, Bisaltes (Bisaltes) fuscomarmoratus Breuning, 1966 is excluded from the Ecuadorian fauna.
Redescription of Nannicerus Maldonado-Capriles, 1997 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae: Chiasmdolini) and description of two new species from North Brazil
Authors: GUIMARÃES DANIEL LUCAS PRACIANO , RAFAEL JOSÉ ALBERTINO
Published: July 2022

Nannicerus Maldonado-Capriles, 1977, a previously monotypic genus known from Guyana, is newly recorded from Brazil based on specimens of N. gracilis Maldonado-Capriles, 1977 and two new species from Amazonas State, namely: N. curica sp. nov. and N. grandis sp. nov. A key to species is provided.
Autonomy-Supportive Teaching in the Large Ensemble: Positive Outcomes for Student Motivation and Teacher Satisfaction
Authors: Butler Timothy
Published: July 2022

Autonomy-supportive teaching, self-determination theory, and self-regulated learning can be effective methods for increasing student motivation in a range of classroom settings. However, music educators struggle to apply principles of student autonomy in ensemble rehearsals. Using intent-based leadership as a practical model for guiding students toward self-directed habits, I describe one approach to shape self-sufficient student musicians in the ensemble setting. By creatively harnessing students’ capacity for independent learning, their musical skills and motivation for music learning can improve dramatically.