bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Admission into real estate undergraduate education in Nigerian universities
Authors: Akinbogun Solomon Pelumi
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of a compulsory pass in physics on undergraduate admission into estate management programme and the requisite skill for practice.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from students in selected Polytechnics and a University in South-western Nigeria. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data. Also, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to test the difference between the means of the independent variables and application for admission. The mean plot was used to analyse the different groups of students seeking direct entry admission into the university.

Findings

Analysis shows that 18 per cent of the students seeking admission through direct entry would be denied because they have no credit score or a pass in physics in their Ordinary Level (“O” level) result. Remarkably, high school physics is a compulsory requirement for admission. Findings show that the subject is unacceptable in the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME). An annual average of 10 prospective students who wrote physics in the UTME, but with a pass in it in the Senior Secondary School (“O” level) examination were denied admission at the point of registration. Findings from the hypothesis test show that there is no significant relationship between the rate of application for university admission into Real Estate programmes and students who took physics and had at least a pass in it. Also, the mean plot shows that more Art students would apply for admission compared with science and commercial students. Finally, analysis shows that 83.3 per cent of the students who have gone for Industrial Work Experience Scheme were of the opinion that physics has no role to play in their acquisition of the requisite job skills in Real Estate.

Research limitations/implications

This study may be limited by the sample size of the universities selected for data collection. The impact of the requirement of a compulsory pass in physics for admission into real estate programme in other universities with a similar requirement is not covered.

Practical implications

The findings implied that a compulsory pass in physics constitutes a clog in the wheel of admission of prospective estate management students. This may affect career progression and the number of the Estate Surveyors and Valuers that are expected to render professional service to real estate investors in Nigeria.

Originality/value

This is the first attempt to examine the impact of variation in admission requirement into the real estate undergraduate programme in Nigeria. The novelty is in the analysis of a compulsory requirement of pass in physics for admission and the requisite skill for real estate practice in Nigeria.
Entrepreneurial discovery in property market processes
Authors: Agboola Alirat Olayinka
Published: May 2018

Purpose

This purpose of this paper is to introduce property researchers to the principles of Austrian economics and to consider their methodological relevance and potential for understanding the dynamics of property market processes.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper sets out the basic principles of the Austrian economics thesis, including an outline of the entrepreneurial discovery approach to market processes, a core precept of the Austrian thesis. It then relates the core assumptions of the Austrian school to the workings of the property market.

Findings

It is argued that the driving force of property market process is provided by the entrepreneurial and profit-seeking speculative activities of human agents as they are confronted with incomplete information in an uncertain property market context. Thus, Austrian economics offers a sound and practical alternative theoretical approach to the study of property market, which places the market within its socio-economic context.

Originality/value

In-depth examination of the provisions, assumptions, philosophical orientation and limitations of the Austrian tradition of economic thought toward a better understanding of the workings of the property market.
Behavioral type, in interaction with body size, affects the recapture rate of brown troutSalmo truttajuveniles in their nursery stream
Authors: NÄSLUND Joacim , WENGSTRÖM Niklas , WAHLQVIST Fredrik , ALDVÉN David , ZÁVORKA Libor , HÖJESJÖ Johan
Published: May 2018

Movement activity levels of wild animals often differ consistently among individuals, reflecting different behavioral types. Previous studies have shown that laboratory‐scored activity can predict several ecologically relevant characteristics. In an experiment on wild brown troutSalmo trutta, spanning from June to October, we investigated how spring swimming activity, measured in a standardized laboratory test, related to relative recapture probability in autumn. Based on laboratory activity scores, individuals clustered into 2 groups, which showed contrasting patterns in the size‐dependency of their recapture probability. Size had a slightly positive effect on recapture probability for passive fish but a clear negative effect on active fish. Our results show that the population structure in a cohort, in terms of relative proportions of behavioral types in different size classes, can vary over time. The results of this study could depend on either selective mortality or migration. However, selective disappearance of individuals with specific phenotypes, regardless of the mechanism, will have implications for trout population management, such as stocking efficiency of hatchery fish with high growth rates or maintenance of fishways past migration barriers.
Are the number and size of scales in Liolaemus lizards driven by climate?
Authors: TULLI María José , CRUZ Félix B.
Published: May 2018

Ectothermic vertebrates are sensitive to thermal fluctuations in the environments where they occur. To buffer these fluctuations, ectotherms use different strategies, including the integument, which is a barrier that minimizes temperature exchange between the inner body and the surrounding air. In lizards, this barrier is constituted by keratinized scales of variable size, shape and texture, and its main function is protection, water loss avoidance and thermoregulation. The size of scales in lizards has been proposed to vary in relation to climatic gradients; however, it has also been observed that in some groups of Iguanian lizards it could be related to phylogeny. Thus, here, we studied the area and number of scales (dorsal and ventral) of 60 species of Liolaemus lizards distributed in a broad latitudinal and altitudinal gradient to determine the nature of the variation of the scales with climate, and found that the number and size of scales are related to climatic variables, such as temperature and geographical variables as altitude. The evolutionary process that best explained how these morphological variables evolved was the Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck model. The number of scales seemed to be related to common ancestry, whereas dorsal and ventral scale areas seemed to vary as a consequence of ecological traits. In fact, the ventral area is less exposed to climate conditions such as ultraviolet radiation or wind and is, thus, under less pressure to change in response to alterations in external conditions. It is possible that scale ornamentation, such as keels and granulosity, may bring some more information in this regard.
Does gender matter? The association between gender and the use of management control systems and performance measures
Authors: Bobe Belete J. , Kober Ralph
Published: May 2018

Literature shows that female (male) managers are more likely to adopt a transformational (transactional) leadership style, as well as make greater (lesser) use of information for decision‐making. We draw on this research to investigate whether gender is related to a manager's use of management control systems (MCS) and performance measures. We surveyed the head of school of all schools across all Australian public universities. Our results indicate that females use MCS in an interactive manner to a greater extent than their male counterparts and make greater use of non‐financial performance measures. We conclude with contributions to theory and practice.
Review article: the prevention of hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin C.‐L. , Kao J.‐H.
Published: May 2018

Background

Ample evidence indicates an aetiological association of persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several viral, host and external risk factors for the development of HBV‐related HCC have been documented.

Aims

To summarise and discuss the risk stratification and the preventive strategies of HBV‐related HCC.

Methods

Recent published studies identified from PubMed were comprehensively reviewed. The key words included chronic hepatitis B, HBV, hepatocellular carcinoma, prevention and antiviral therapy.

Results

The incidence of HCC is extremely high in HBV hyperendemic areas. For HBV patients left untreated, significant risk factors for HCC include male gender, aging, advanced hepatic fibrosis, persistent serum transaminase elevation, specific HBV entry receptor (NTCP) genotype, PM2.5 exposure, HBeAg positivity, HBV genotype C/D/F, high proportion of core promoter mutation, pre‐S deletion, high serum levels of HBV DNA and HBsAg as well as co‐infection with HCV, HDV and HIV. Primary prevention of HBV‐related HCC can be achieved through universal HBV vaccination and anti‐viral prophylaxis for high viraemic mothers. The goal of secondary prevention has been reached by effective anti‐viral therapy to reduce the risk of HCC development in chronic hepatitis B patients. However, whether HCC is prevented or delayed deserves further examination. Finally, several studies confirmed the tertiary preventive effect of anti‐viral therapy in reducing risk of HCC recurrence after curative therapies.

Conclusions

Through the strategies of three‐level prevention, the global burden of HBV‐related HCC should decline over time and even be eliminated in conjunction with HBV cure.
Anti‐Communism, Communism, and Anti‐Interventionism in Narratives Surrounding the Student Massacre on Tlatelolco Square (Mexico, 1968)
Authors: KRIZA ELISA
Published: May 2018

Shortly before the Mexico Olympics, on 2 October 1968, student demonstrators were shot by the military on Tlatelolco Square in Mexico City, thus ending the local student movement and its mass protests. This paper explores the government's use of anti‐communism to ideologically justify this massacre in the context of the Cold War. The student movement was presented as a foreign, communist intervention that threatened Mexico's sovereignty. The paper analyses the weaknesses and contradictions of this official narrative by contrasting public and confidential reports. Finally, the marginal role of communism in the movement and its internal divisions are also outlined.
Emerging disease‐modifying strategies targeting α‐synuclein for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Authors: O'Hara Darren M , Kalia Suneil K , Kalia Lorraine V
Published: May 2018

Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. It arises as a result of neuronal cell death in specific brain regions, notably the substantia nigra pars compacta, and is characterized by the accumulation of α‐synuclein in these brain regions. Current pharmacological therapies alleviate the motor symptoms of the disease and are particularly effective in the early stages of the disease. Ongoing drug development efforts focus on disease‐modifying strategies that aim to halt or slow disease progression. In this review, we explore a number of emerging disease‐modifying strategies with a focus on direct and indirect targeting of α‐synuclein dysfunction. We summarize newer classes of small molecules and biological agents intended to attenuate protein aggregation or to target enzymes that may increase the degradation of the pathogenic forms of α‐synuclein. Finally, we discuss emerging strategies that are demonstrating the potential for disease modification at the preclinical stage.
Effects of the Y‐chromosome and the dominant hemimelia mutation on the morphology of the mouse mandible
Authors: Suto Jun‐ichi
Published: May 2018

The aims of this study were to test whether the Y‐chromosome and the autosomal dominant hemimelia (Dh) mutation can affect mandible morphology in mice. I analyzed mandible size and shape using landmark‐based geometric morphometrics in 16 DH‐Chr Y@‐+/+ (@ represents one of the inbred strain names) strains and observed significant differences in mandible size. The largest mandible was identified in strain DH‐Chr YC3H and the smallest in strain DH‐Chr YKK. Canonical variate and discriminant function analyses suggested that the mandible shapes of strains DH‐Chr YC3H and DH‐Chr YKK differed from those of the other strains. Because seven of the DH‐Chr Y@‐+/+ strains were maintained with dominant hemimelia, I also analyzed the potential influence of dominant hemimelia on mandible morphology because dominant hemimelia is known to cause various skeletal malformations. There were no significant differences in mandible size in seven sets of DH‐Chr Y@‐+/+ and DH‐Chr Y@‐Dh/+ strains. However, canonical variate analysis mapped strains DH‐Chr YCAS‐Dh/+ and DH‐Chr YCBA‐Dh/+ mapped distantly from the rest. Additionally, I observed similar patterns of shape change between DH‐Chr YCAS‐+/+ and DH‐Chr YCAS‐Dh/+, and between DH‐Chr YCBA‐+/+ and DH‐Chr YCBA‐Dh/+. These data indicate that the Y‐chromosome affects the size and shape of the mouse mandible. Dominant hemimelia affects mandible shape but not size, and its effects emerge depending on the kinds of Y‐chromosomes.
A multimetric and multideme multiagent system for multiobjective optimization
Authors: Tamouk Jamshid , Acan Adnan
Published: May 2018

This article proposes a multiagent system consisting of a number of multiobjective metaheuristic agents (namely, multiobjective genetic algorithm, strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm, differential evolution, simulated annealing, and particle swarm optimization) working toward to extract optimal or very close‐to‐optimal Pareto fronts using multiple performance metrics in a sessionwise manner. At the beginning of each session, the main population is divided into a number of subpopulations, and each of them is assigned to a particular agent. The system runs in consecutive sessions such that, at the beginning of a session, agents start running after being assigned with a subpopulation and return the optimized subpopulations together with the corresponding set of nondominated solutions at the end of the session. There are 3 multiobjective assessment metrics in use, and a different metric is considered for each session to measure the success of each metaheuristic agent. The evaluation of individual agents using a particular assessment metric is used in 2 ways: first, the number of fitness evaluations for each agent is adjusted based on their performance; second, the subpopulation improved by an individual agent might be rejected on the basis of its evaluation score. At the end of each session, individual subpopulations are merged to get the updated main population, whereas individual sets of nondominated solutions are combined to form the global Pareto front. In addition to the individual multiobjective metaheuristic agents, the system also contains a number of coordination and synchronization agents that run the whole system toward its objectives. The proposed system is tested using real‐valued multiobjective benchmark problems in 2009 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. Experimental results and statistical evaluations exhibited that the achieved success is better than many of state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.
White matter properties associated with pre‐reading skills in 6‐year‐old children born preterm and at term
Authors: Dodson Cory K , Travis Katherine E , Borchers Lauren R , Marchman Virginia A , Ben‐Shachar Michal , Feldman Heidi M
Published: May 2018

Aim

To assess associations between white matter properties and pre‐reading skills (phonological awareness and receptive and expressive language) in children born preterm and at term at the onset of reading acquisition.

Method

Six‐year‐old children born preterm (n=36; gestational age 22–32wks) and at term (n=43) underwent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and behavioural assessments. Tracts were selected a priori based on findings from a study of 6‐year‐old children born at term: the left‐hemisphere arcuate fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus, and right‐hemisphere uncinate fasciculus. Using linear regression, we assessed associations between fractional anisotropy of tracts and phonological awareness and receptive and expressive language scores. We investigated whether associations were moderated by prematurity.

Results

Fractional anisotropy of the left‐hemisphere arcuate fasciculus contributed unique variance to phonological awareness across birth groups. The association between fractional anisotropy of the right‐hemisphere uncinate fasciculus and receptive and expressive language was significantly moderated by prematurity.

Interpretation

A left‐hemisphere tract was associated with phonological awareness in both birth groups. A right‐hemisphere tract was associated with language only in the term group, suggesting that expressive and receptive language is mediated by different white matter pathways in 6‐year‐old children born preterm. These findings provide novel insights into similarities and differences of the neurobiology of pre‐reading skills between children born preterm and at term at reading onset.

What this paper adds

White matter properties and pre‐reading abilities were associated in children born preterm at the onset of reading.

The neurobiology of phonological awareness was similar in children born preterm versus children born at term at 6 years.

The neurobiology of language was different in children born preterm versus children born at term at 6 years.
White matter properties and reading in children born preterm: a step forward
Authors: Laporta‐Hoyos Olga
Published: May 2018

This commentary is on the original article by Dodson et al. on pages 695–702 of this issue.
External Cyclicality in the Face of Aggregate Demand Shocks: Pros and Cons Across Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Kandil Magda
Published: May 2018

The paper studies variation in the effects of aggregate demand shocks on the external sector and underlying components and distinguishes between the effects of expansionary and contractionary shocks. The aim is to study the determinants and implications of cyclicality across advanced and developing countries. The composite evidence points to high degree of cyclicality in many countries. Based on time‐series correlations, there is a stronger cyclical co‐movement between the trade and current account balances across advanced countries, compared to developing countries. Further, fluctuations in the financial balance are dependent on developments in exports in many developing countries. The determinants of external vulnerability vary with macroeconomic indicators. The evidence points to higher vulnerability of the external balance with respect to higher trend inflation across developing countries. In addition, constraints on capacity in developing countries could risk external stability as trend growth increases across countries. Government spending is an important determinant of external stability in developing countries, reflecting the adverse implications of higher government spending and a widening fiscal deficit on debt sustainability and external financial flows. Further, private consumption is a key driver of aggregate uncertainty and cyclical fluctuations in the external balances across developing countries.
Septins regulate the equatorial dynamics of the separation initiation network kinase Sid2p and glucan synthases to ensure proper cytokinesis
Authors: Zheng Shengnan , Dong Fenfen , Rasul Faiz , Yao Xuebiao , Jin Quan‐wen , Zheng Fan , Fu Chuanhai
Published: May 2018

Septins generally function as scaffolds and as cortical barriers to restrict the diffusion of membrane proteins. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, septins form a ring structure at the septum after spindle breakdown during the constriction of the contractile actomyosin ring (CAR) and serve as a scaffold to recruit glucanases to mediate ultimate daughter cell separation. Despite this, it remains unclear if septins play any significant roles before the cell separation during cytokinesis. Employing live cell microscopy, we carefully examined SIN (Septation Initiation Network) signaling and glucan synthases, two key factors ensuring proper function of the CAR. In the absence of the core septin component Spn1p, the formation of a compact CAR is advanced and the CAR constriction rate is slightly but significantly decreased. Moreover, the SIN kinase Sid2p and the glucan synthases Bgs1p and Ags1p form an equatorial ring quite prematurely, but their maintenance at the equatorial region is diminished spn1Δ cells. These findings suggest that septins act as key players in an accurate establishment and the maintenance of CAR by orchestrating the equatorial dynamics of Sid2p and glucan synthases. Hence, this work demonstrates that, in addition to their function during ultimate cell septation, septins have important roles in regulating earlier cytokinetic events, including CAR assembly and constriction, SIN signaling, and the cortical dynamics of the glucan synthases.
NF‐κB signaling mechanisms in HTLV‐1‐induced adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Harhaj Edward William , Giam Chou‐Zen
Published: May 2018

The human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) is a complex deltaretrovirus linked to adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), a fatal CD4 +  malignancy in 3–5% of infected individuals. The HTLV‐1 Tax regulatory protein plays indispensable roles in regulating viral gene expression and activating cellular signaling pathways that drive the proliferation and clonal expansion of T cells bearing HTLV‐1 proviral integrations. Tax is a potent activator of NF‐κB, a key signaling pathway that is essential for the survival and proliferation of HTLV‐1‐infected T cells. However, constitutive NF‐κB activation by Tax also triggers a senescence response, suggesting the possibility that only T cells capable of overcoming NF‐κB‐induced senescence can selectively undergo clonal expansion after HTLV‐1 infection. Tax expression is often silenced in the majority of ATLL due to genetic alterations in the tax gene or DNA hypermethylation of the 5′‐LTR. Despite the loss of Tax, NF‐κB activation remains persistently activated in ATLL due to somatic mutations in genes in the T/B‐cell receptor (T/BCR) and NF‐κB signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on the key events driving Tax‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms of NF‐κB activation during the multistep process leading to ATLL.
Revisiting the Cognition Hypothesis: Bridging a gap between the conceptual and the empirical
Authors: Han ZhaoHong , Kang Eun Young
Published: May 2018

Task‐based language learning has commanded ample attention in the field of instructed second language acquisition (ISLA) over the last two decades. Much of the research has centered on the Cognition Hypothesis, particularly testing out its key tenet that there is a correlation between task complexity and the syntactic complexity of task‐doers' or L2 learners' speech production. Extant studies, however, have led to inconclusive findings, and methodological inadequacy has generally been deemed the source of divergence. In this article, we take issue with this line of reasoning, arguing that the fundamental problem is theoretical more than methodological. We suggest thatthought complexityrather thancognitive complexityshould be investigated as a core construct mediating the task and language relationship in L2 learners.
Discrimination, human capital, and life expectancy in a model of economic development
Authors: Sedgley Norman , Elmslie Bruce
Published: May 2018

Evidence suggests that race‐ and gender‐based discrimination are prevalent. If discrimination misallocates resources then it is likely to generate social costs. This paper provides a general equilibrium model of the impacts of discrimination. We analyze effects of labor market discrimination in a model where agents make human capital decisions based on comparing the marginal benefits and marginal costs of additional human capital accumulation. Life expectancy is a consideration in making human capital decisions, and is allowed to be endogenous. We find that the impact of discrimination on equilibrium depends on the nature of any skills bias in discrimination.
Comparison of treatment outcomes between convergent procedure and catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation evaluated with implantable loop recorder monitoring
Authors: Jan Matevž , Žižek David , Geršak Živa Miriam , Geršak Borut
Published: May 2018

Introduction

While catheter ablation (CA) is an established treatment for symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), convergent epicardial and endocardial ablation procedure (CVP) has been primarily used to treat persistent AF. The aim of this single‐center, prospective, randomized study was to compare treatment efficacy of CA and CVP in paroxysmal AF patients by monitoring AF, atrial tachycardia (AT), and atrial flutter (AFL) recurrence with Implantable Loop Recorder (ILR).

Methods and results

Fifty patients (74% male) with history of paroxysmal AF were randomized between CA and CVP. Outcomes were determined by ILRs; every episode of AF/AT/AFL lasting 6 minutes or more was defined as a recurrence. AF burden (AFB) and required AF reinterventions (cardioversions and repeat ablations) were quantified after a 3‐month blanking period.

Total procedural (266 ± 44 vs. 242 ± 39 minutes) and ablation duration (52 ± 10 vs. 48 ± 12 minutes) was similar in both groups. Recurrence of AF/AT/AFL was more likely in the CA group compared to the CVP group (OR 3.78 (95% CI (1.17, 12.19), P  =  0.048)). During the follow‐up period (mean 30.5 ± 6.9 months), higher AF burden and more reinterventions for recurrent AF were recorded in the CA group. There were more periprocedural complications in the CVP group (12.5%) compared to the CA group (0%).

Conclusion

Treatment of paroxysmal AF with CVP showed less arrhythmia recurrence compared to CA. In addition, patients after CVP had fewer reinterventions and lower AF burden, but more periprocedural complications.
Incidence of pericardial effusion after left atrial appendage closure: The impact of underlying heart rhythm—Data from the EWOLUTION study
Authors: Schmidt Boris , Betts Timothy R. , Sievert Horst , Bergmann Martin W. , Kische Stephan , Pokushalov Evgeny , Schmitz Thomas , Meincke Felix , Mazzone Patrizio , Stein Kenneth M. , Ince Hüseyin , Boersma Lucas V. A.
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Pericardial effusion/tamponade (PE/PT) is a rare but serious complication following left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). It may be speculated that LAA contraction during sinus rhythm (SR) exerts mechanical force on the device that eventually leads to PE. We sought to determine the incidence and predictors of PE following LAAC using Watchman with special emphasis on the underlying heart rhythm during implant.

Methods and results

From 47 centers in 13 European countries 1,020 patients underwent LAAC and data on baseline rhythm were available from 1,010 patients (mean age 73 ± 9 years, 60% male, median CHA2DS2‐VASc = 4). Data were collected via electronic case report forms. A Cox proportional hazard model was calculated adjusting for multiple variables: age, gender, number of recaptures, and device oversizing. During implant, 41% and 59% of patients were in SR and atrial fibrillation (AF), respectively. PE/PT rate was significantly lower in patients implanted during AF at day 30 postimplant (n = 1; 0.2% vs. n = 6; 1.5%; P = 0.02). No PE requiring intervention occurred in the AF group compared to 5 events (1.2%) in the SR group (P = 0.01). While univariate analysis identified SR and gender as predictors for PE/tamponade, multivariate analysis only showed a statistical trend for both variables.

Conclusion

The overall incidence of PE/PT was very low after LAAC using Watchman. Although SR was not identified as an independent predictor of PE/PT, all events requiring intervention occurred in patients with SR. It may be advisable to perform an extended echocardiographic follow‐up in that patient population.
Cerebral Hemodynamic Response During Concealment of Information About a Mock Crime: Application of a General Linear Model With an Adaptive Hemodynamic Response Function
Authors: Niioka Kiyomitsu , Uga Minako , Nagata Taihei , Tokuda Tatsuya , Dan Ippeita , Ochi Keita
Published: May 2018

We investigated cerebral hemodynamic response during concealment of information about a mock crime using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Participants either committed a mock crime or not and then were presented with a randomized series of crime‐relevant questions and crime‐irrelevant questions in a standard concealment task. Participants in the guilty group concealed crime‐relevant information about the mock crime but those in the innocent group did not. Recorded fNIRS timeline data sets were analyzed within the framework of a general linear model approach with an adaptive hemodynamic response function. In this analysis, we affirmed that an adaptive temporal parameter in hemodynamic response function during the concealment task differs from a conventionally used temporal parameter. Group analysis showed that the guilty group elicited greater hemodynamic response during the concealment task than did the innocent group. These results suggest that both the frontal cluster, including frontopolar and orbitofrontal areas, and the temporal cluster are involved in concealment. We also identified a potential application for fNIRS to detect concealment in criminal investigations.
Testing Separability of Functional Time Series
Authors: Constantinou Panayiotis , Kokoszka Piotr , Reimherr Matthew
Published: May 2018

We derive and study a significance test for determining whether a panel of functional time series is separable. In the context of this paper, separability means that the covariance structure factors into the product of two functions, one depending only on time and the other depending only on the coordinates of the panel. Separability is a property that can dramatically improve computational efficiency by substantially reducing model complexity. It is especially useful for functional data, as it implies that the functional principal components are the same for each member of the panel. However, such an assumption must be verified before proceeding with further inference. Our approach is based on functional norm differences and provides a test with well‐controlled size and high power. We establish our procedure quite generally, allowing one to test separability of autocovariances as well. In addition to an asymptotic justification, our methodology is validated by a simulation study. It is applied to functional panels of particulate pollution and stock market data.
Modelling Changes in the Cognitive Processing of Grammar in Implicit and Explicit Learning Conditions: Insights From an Eye‐Tracking Study
Authors: Indrarathne Bimali , Ratajczak Michael , Kormos Judit
Published: May 2018

This study used eye‐tracking to examine changes in how second language (L2) learners process target grammatical exemplars in written L2 input in implicit and explicit instructional conditions and how these changes relate to learning gains. In three separate sessions, 77 L2 learners of English read a story containing seven examples of a grammatical construction. The results of a growth curve analysis indicated significant main effects for the instructional condition and test sessions on total fixation duration and a significant interaction between these two variables. There was minimal attentional processing and no improvement in processing efficiency of the target construction in the unenhanced condition. Learners’ attentional processing in the textually enhanced conditions decreased and, by the end of the experiment, they engaged in establishing and fine tuning form–meaning links. In the two explicit instructional conditions, participants’ attention decreased over time and form–meaning representations of the target structure were strengthened.

Open Practices

This article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All materials are publicly accessible via the IRIS Repository at https://www.iris-database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Attitude alignment increases trust, respect, and perceived reasoning ability to produce attraction
Authors: Reid Chelsea A. , Green Jeffrey D. , Davis Jody L.
Published: May 2018

When others disagree with us, we like them more if they shift their attitude toward ours (i.e., engage in attitude alignment), but why? This article examined the effects of partner attitude alignment on dyadic (trust, inferred attraction) and personal (respect, perceived reasoning ability) evaluations. In two experiments, participants received feedback that imagined (Experiment 1) or real (Experiment 2) partners engaged (vs. did not engage) in attitude alignment; rated partners on trust, inferred attraction, respect (Experiments 1 and 2), and perceived reasoning ability (Experiment 2); and reported attraction. Individuals were more attracted to partners who engaged in attitude alignment because they viewed them as more trustworthy and worthy of respect and as possessing greater reasoning ability. The role of inferred attraction was unclear.
Advanced maxillofacial imaging for temporomandibular disorder in special needs patients
Authors: Chompunud Na Ayudhya Chalatip , Granquist Eric J. , Mupparapu Mel , Sollecito Thomas P. , Stoopler Eric T.
Published: May 2018

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is prevalent in special needs patients. Clinical examination of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) complex and imaging in this patient population can be challenging due to patient disposition and cooperation. We report a case of a 29‐year‐old male with neurologic and behavioral special needs who required advanced maxillofacial imaging for a suspected TMD under general anesthesia, which has not been reported previously. This article intends to serve as a resource for health care providers who may encounter similar clinical situations.
Mucopolysaccharidosis VI and effects on growth of the apical bases: a case report
Authors: Ferreira dos Reis Moema , Pinheiro Lucas Rodrigues , Pinheiro Maria das Graças Rodrigues , de Almeida Haroldo Amorim , Feio Patrícia do Socorro Queiroz , de Almeida Sâmia Cordovil , de Souza Isabel Cristina Neves , Giugliani Roberto , Schwartz Ida Vanessa Doederlein , Cavaleiro Rosely Maria dos Santos , Pinheiro João de Jesus Viana , da Silva Luiz Carlos Santana
Published: May 2018

Objective

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VI is a rare disorder caused by an autosomal recessive mutation in the short arm of chromosome 5 (5q12‐13) leading to an N‐acetylgalactosamine‐sulfatase lysosomal enzyme deficiency and numerous systemic clinical changes. The oral and maxillofacial complex may exhibit tooth eruption anomalies, macroglossia, gingival hypertrophy, mouth breathing, increased lower facial height, open bite, retrognathia, and progressive TMJ arthrosis. This report describes craniofacial growth changes in two MPS VI patients, sisters and daughters of outbred parents, who were longitudinally monitored from 11 to 15 years of age.

Study Design

Skull lateral teleradiography and cephalometric tracings were performed. The measurements were assessed in the anteroposterior and vertical directions based on protocols by McNamara and Usp/Unicamp and compared to the normal reported ranges.

Results

A similar skeletal class III malocclusion was observed in both patients. The jaw was retruded, the anterior skull base decreased, and the mandibular body was normal or larger than normal. The vertical growth direction differed between the patients; one was hyperdivergent, while the other was hypodivergent.

Conclusions

By understanding the craniofacial growth changes in MPS VI patients, new treatment options may be developed for affected patients.
Accreditation of histocompatibility and immunogenetics laboratories: Achievements and future prospects from the European Federation for Immunogenetics Accreditation Programme
Authors: Harmer A. , Mascaretti L. , Petershofen E.
Published: May 2018

The importance of demonstrating adherence to good practice in the provision of clinical services is well recognised, and there are many legislative and regulatory requirements that aim to ensure that services are appropriately reviewed and certified. Therefore, for regulatory purposes, laboratories must provide assurance of the quality of the services they provide. Additionally in the field of transplantation, where donor organs and stem cells are exchanged across national boundaries, adoption of a common set of standards by laboratories across many different countries is an important factor. The European Federation for Immunogenetics (EFI) Accreditation Programme was established to provide assurance that Histocompatibility & Immunogenetics laboratories providing services for transplantation, transfusion, and disease association testing meet the requirements of the specialty specific EFI standards. The first H&I laboratories achieved EFI accreditation in 1995, and currently there are over 260 EFI accredited laboratories in 36 countries. The programme depends on the voluntary participation of the inspectors, who are all experts in the field of H&I, and who, over the last 22 years, have performed over 1400 onsite inspections of laboratories. Inspection findings show the areas that are most frequently found to be deficient in meeting the requirements of the standards, and this can be used to inform educational and other activities with the aim of improving laboratory compliance with the standards. The EFI standards have been regularly updated to reflect the changes in the field with 19 versions over the last 22 years, and the data from the accreditation programme show how laboratories have changed their practices to incorporate new techniques that support patient care.
Task-based Learning Applied: Satisfactory Grammar Coverage
Authors: Esfandiari Mehran
Published: May 2018

Not only did the emergence of the idea of communicative competence result in grammar instruction being moved from its central position in traditional approaches, but it also helped to pave the way for the adoption of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). As a tenet of language teaching methodology, the belief that languages are acquired through communication has appeared to be central to the development of task-based approaches to language teaching. Built upon the idea of learner-centeredness and CLT models of language learning, task-based learning (TBL) comes into play and encourages language learning through authentic acts of communication, interaction, and negotiation of meaning. With its main focus on fluency rather than accuracy, TBL has been criticized for inadequate grammar coverage. By drawing a distinction between a task and a grammar exercise and between focus on form and focus on forms, this paper argues that there are enough opportunities for satisfactory grammar coverage throughout a TBL lesson.
The Effect of Suspension Workout on Agility and Forces Performance in Elite Basketball Players
Authors: Nalbant Özgür
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of suspension training on agility and strength performance in elite male basketball players. The study was carried out on Demir İnşaat Büyükçekmece male U-21 basketball players who are the members of one of the U-21 teams of the Turkish Basketball Federation. 20 volunteer basketball players with age of 18,3 ± 0,3 years; the training ages of 6.5 ± 1.3 years; the lengths of 189.45 ± 7.3 cm; weights of 82.9 ± 7.8 kg and body mass index of 23 ± 1.3 were participated in the study. This group was used as both control and experimental group. Following their first tests, the group participating in the study continued their regular routine training for 6 weeks. After six weeks, the second measurements were taken. These measurements were also accepted as the last measurement of the group which was considered as the control group, while those measurements were accepted as the first measurement of the test group. Afterwards, suspension training (TRX) was performed twice a week right along with basketball training for 6 weeks. At the end of six weeks, the tests were repeated and the level of development of the test group was determined. In the study group, right and left hip flexility test, sitting down flexibility test, standing long jump test, vertical jump test, back and leg strength, T-test and 20-meter sprint tests were performed. The obtained data were analyzed in the SPSS program and descriptive statistics, Anova Test and Bonferroni correction were performed. As a result, there was a significant difference in hip flexion, jump, strength and agility tests (p <0.05). According to these results, suspension TRX training was found to have positive effects on elite male basketball players.
Development of the Sport Mental Health Continuum—Short Form (Sport MHC-SF)
Authors: Foster Brian J. , Chow Graig M.
Published: May 2018

Well-being research conducted in competitive athletics has been marred by the lack of a context-specific measurement instrument. The purpose of this study was to adapt the Mental Health Continuum – Short Form (MHC-SF) to create a sport-specific well-being instrument, the Sport Mental Health Continuum—Short Form (Sport MHC-SF), and test its initial psychometric properties. Participants were 287 collegiate athletes from a variety of sports. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) determined a three-factor structure of sport well-being, consisting of subjective, psychological, and social factors, as the model of best fit. Internal consistency reliabilities of the subscales exceeded .88. Moderate positive correlations were found between Sport MHC-SF subscales and quality of life indices, notably physical and emotional quality of life, demonstrating convergent validity. The Sport MHC-SF will facilitate empirical research by providing a more accurate and comprehensive measurement of well-being for an athletic population.
Bucking global trends, Japan again embraces coal power
Authors: Normile Dennis
Published: May 2018

Plans for new coal plants imperil efforts to cut emissions.
Fossils reveal how ancient birds got their beaks
Authors: Vogel Gretchen
Published: May 2018

3D scan of fossil still in rock uncovers agile, toothed beak, and illuminates evolutionary steps to modern birds.
Uncovering the essential genes of the human malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum
by saturation mutagenesis
Authors: Zhang Min , Wang Chengqi , Otto Thomas D. , Oberstaller Jenna , Liao Xiangyun , Adapa Swamy R. , Udenze Kenneth , Bronner Iraad F. , Casandra Deborah , Mayho Matthew , Brown Jacqueline , Li Suzanne , Swanson Justin , Rayner Julian C. , Jiang Rays H. Y. , Adams John H.
Published: May 2018

Saturating malaria mutagenesis

Malaria is caused by eukaryotic
Plasmodium
spp. parasites that classically infect red blood cells. These are difficult organisms to investigate genetically because of their AT-rich genomes. Zhang
et al.
have exploited this peculiarity by using
piggyBac
transposon insertion sites to achieve saturation-level mutagenesis for identifying and ranking essential genes and drug targets (see the Perspective by White and Rathod). Genes that are current candidates for drug targets were identified as essential, in contrast to many vaccine target genes. Notably, the proteasome degradation pathway was confirmed as a target for developing therapeutic interventions because of the several essential genes involved and the link to the mechanism of action of the current frontline drug, artemisinin.

Science
, this issue p.
eaap7847
; see also p.
490
Sonochemistry of silicon hydrides
Authors: Hidding Bernhard
Published: May 2018

Ultrasonic treatment of silanes opens a path to new silicon compounds and materials
Scrutinizing the EU General Data Protection Regulation
Authors: Marelli Luca , Testa Giuseppe
Published: May 2018

How will new decentralized governance impact research?
CORNICHON sorting and regulation of GLR channels underlie pollen tube Ca
2+
homeostasis
Authors: Wudick Michael M. , Portes Maria Teresa , Michard Erwan , Rosas-Santiago Paul , Lizzio Michael A. , Nunes Custódio Oliveira , Campos Cláudia , Santa Cruz Damineli Daniel , Carvalho Joana C. , Lima Pedro T. , Pantoja Omar , Feijó José A.
Published: May 2018

Multiple, diverse, and complex

Calcium currents characterize the developing pollen tube in the small mustard plant
Arabidopsis
and correlate with growth at the tip of the pollen tube. This system constitutes a practical model for screening for Ca
2+
-signaling mechanisms in plants. Wudick
et al.
analyzed multiple variants of glutamate receptor–like (GLR) channels and discovered that some work alone and others work in pairs or trios. Subcellular localization of GLRs is a complex response to CORNICHON sorting proteins, which leave some GLRs at the plasma membrane and ferry others to internal calcium reservoirs. The calcium current at the tip of the growing pollen tube apparently integrates multiple intracellular currents.

Science
, this issue p.
533
A cellular mechanism for age-induced itch
Authors: Lewis Amanda H. , Grandl Jörg
Published: May 2018

Age-induced loss of touch signaling causes mechanical itch
Enrichment of Clinically Relevant Organisms in Spontaneous Preterm-Delivered Placentas and Reagent Contamination across All Clinical Groups in a Large Pregnancy Cohort in the United Kingdom
Authors: Leon Lydia J. , Doyle Ronan , Diez-Benavente Ernest , Clark Taane G. , Klein Nigel , Stanier Philip , Moore Gudrun E.
Published: May 2018

Preterm birth is associated with both psychological and physical disabilities and is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Infection is known to be an important cause of spontaneous preterm birth, and recent research has implicated variation in the “placental microbiome” in the risk of preterm birth. Consistent with data from previous studies, the abundances of certain clinically relevant species differed between spontaneous preterm- and nonspontaneous preterm- or term-delivered placentas. These results support the view that a proportion of spontaneous preterm births have an intrauterine-infection component. However, an additional observation from this study was that a substantial proportion of sequenced reads were contaminating reads rather than DNA from endogenous, clinically relevant species. This observation warrants caution in the interpretation of sequencing outputs from low-biomass samples such as the placenta.