bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tata Kelola Karya Cipta Sekolah Melaui Digitalisasi Upaya Bakti Bagi Dunia Pendidikan
Authors: Pramono Sri Winiarti , Ulaya Ahdiani  , Supriyanto Supriyanto
Published: May 2021

Karya cipta merupakan suatu ciptaan di bidang ilmu pengetahuan, seni, dan sastra sebagai hasil ide/inspirasi, kemampuan, pikiran, kecekatan, keterampilan, atau keahlian yang diekspresikan dalam bentuk objek riil atau nyata. Setiap karya cipta yang dihasilkan seseorang/sekelompok orang wajib diakui dan dilindungi. Pengakuan terhadap karya cipta ini dikenal dengan hak kekayaan intelaktual. Agar semua karya cipta terlindungi, maka perlu dilakukan pendaftaran untuk memperoleh lisensi serta pengakuan terhadap karya cipta serta dikelola dengan baik. Berdasarkan permasalahan ini, maka dibuat suatu aplikasi e-karya sekolah yang dapat digunakan oleh sekolah-sekolah. Aplikasi ini sebagai luaran dari kegiatan pengabdian masayarakat (PkM) yang dilakukan oleh prodi Teknik Informatika Universitas Ahmad Dahlan bertujuan membantu pihak sekolah mendokumentasikan dan mengelola karya cipta guru dan siswa secara digital. Metode yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan PkM ini adalah melakukan survey ke sekolah yang menjadi mitra, sosialisasi program, membuat aplikasi e-karya sekolah, memberikan transfer knowledge terkait plagiarisme, memberikan pelatihan dan melakukan evaluasi kegiatan.   Hasil dari PkM ini berupa software perangkat lunak dan modul pelatihan karya cipta yang memberikan hasil positif bagi sekolah-sekolah Muhammadiyah di wilayah Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Berdasarkan evalusi yang dilakukan cecara umum pelaksanaan kegiatan PkM ini dinyatakan baik sebesar 78,3%, sedangkan dari sisi produk yang dihasilkan dinyatakan baik sebesar 67,8%.
Penerapan Penyemprot Tanaman Elektrik untuk Lahan Pertanian di Desa Kuta Dame
Authors: Waluyo Bakti Dwi , Sari Ressy Dwitias , Januariyansah Sapitri , Suryanto Eka Dodi
Published: May 2021

Desa Kuta Dame terletak di Kecamatan Kerajaan, Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Dimana sebagian besar masyarakat di Desa Kuta Dame berprofesi sebagai petani. Komoditas utama pertanian di Desa Kuta Dame adalah padi, jagung, dan cabai merah. Pemerintah daerah melalui dinas pertanian telah berusaha untuk meningkatkan hasil pertanian, salah satunya dengan memberikan penyuluhan dan pelatihan. Namun penyuluhan tersebut tidak menyentuh aspek teknologi tepat guna yang efektif dan efisien. Salah satu teknologi yang perlu diterapkan di lahan pertanian adalah sistem penyemprot tanaman elektrik. Sistem penyemprotan otomatis sangat dibutuhkan karena mayoritas petani menggunakan alat penyemprot manual (pompa diafragma) tipe gendong. Kualitas tekanan pompa dengan sistem diafragma bergantung terhadap operator dalam menggerakkan tuas pompanya. Hal ini berakibat terhadap kualitas butiran semprotan menjadi tidak halus dan tidak merata mengenai permukaan daun. Karena permasalah tersebut program pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) dilakukan untuk menerapkan sistem penyemprot tanaman elektrik. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan PKM dimulai dari perencanaan kegiatan, penyuluhan, praktek penggunaan alat, monitoring dan evaluasi. Hasil dari kegiatan PKM ini adalah sepuluh dari lima belas peserta menyatakan sangat puas, karena sistem penyemprot otomatis dapat menghemat tenaga, waktu, pupuk, dan pestisida.
The COVID-19 Pandemic, Remittances and Financial Inclusion in the Philippines
Authors: Yamada Eiji , Shimizutani Satoshi , Murakami Enerelt
Published: May 2021

Recent literature has revealed that financial inclusion enhances economic opportunities and security in developing countries. Moreover, a greater inflow of remittances can promote inclusiveness. In this paper, we explore the potential impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on financial inclusion by focusing on its detrimental effect on remittance flows to developing countries. Using a household-level dataset collected in rural regions of the Philippines prior to the outbreak, we confirm that remittances are associated with financial inclusion, particularly for women. We discuss the potential impacts of the pandemic on financial inclusion through the change in the flow of remittances. We show that a substantial decline in remittances caused by the COVID-19 crisis may have an adverse effect on financial inclusion in the Philippines.
Living in more than one place: capturing dual-local lives in the 2026 Census
Authors: Charles-Edwards Elin
Published: May 2021

No abstract
Counting gender and sexual identity in the Australian census
Authors: Lyons Anthony , Rasmussen Mary Lou , Anderson Joel , Gray Edith
Published: May 2021

No abstract
Ethnicity, race or nation? Census classifications as barriers to the measurement of mixedness in Australia
Authors: Stevens Catriona , Fozdar Farida
Published: May 2021

No abstract
Understanding survey data available for researchers working in ageing: the CEPAR Metadata Database on Ageing
Authors: Temple Jeromey , Sousa Tanara , Williams Ruth , Stiles Jay , Brooke Libby , Knight Josh
Published: May 2021

Background  For researchers working in gerontology or the demography of ageing, knowledge of and access to population-based data, which includes mature age respondents, is critical. The collection of metadata (information describing data) supports researchers in their search for relevant data.

Aims  This proof-of-concept project seeks to develop a metadata database including metadata on Australian sample surveys relevant to ageing over the period 2010–2018.

Data and methods  We used a five-stage approach to create the Centre for Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR) metadata database on ageing: 1) identification of in-scope survey datasets; 2) indexing the in-scope surveys; 3) scraping metadata from publicly available sources; 4) appending metadata to a master database; and 5) creation of a webtool to enable users to search and export metadata and obtain contact details for the relevant data custodian.

Results  The CEPAR Metadata Database webtool is available from: https://mspgh.unimelb.edu.au/centres-institutes/centre-for-health-policy/research-group/metadata-database.

Conclusions  Metadata database collections can assist researchers to identify what data has been collected (for their specific research interest in ageing), how it was collected and how to gain access to the data.
Implantação da coleção de amostras de madeira: características da madeira como material de estudo/ Implementation of the wood sample collection: wood characteristics as study material
Authors: Silva Karoline Saturnino da , Zimmer Leonardo Vinicius Scain , Rodrigues Eduarda Borges , Roballo Estéfany Abreu , Rosso Silviana , Silveira Bruna Denardin da , Gracioli Cibele Rosa , Talgatti Maiara
Published: May 2021

Um montante de objetos ou itens que constituem um conjunto e são denominados de coleção. Uma coleção pode ser de diversos tipos, sendo um deles as coleções biológicas. A coleção biológica pode ser entendida como um conjunto de organismos, ou partes destes, preservados fora do ambiente natural, isto é, de seu sítio de coleta. Estas desempenham um papel de suma importância nos registros sobre a biodiversidade mundial da fauna e da flora. Sua sistematização que vem crescendo ao longo dos anos permite a produção de banco de dados acessíveis por pesquisadores e estudiosos de diversas partes do mundo, criando assim uma importante rede de informações sobre a biodiversidade. Na Engenharia Florestal, por exemplo, há a necessidade de uma coleção que demonstre o crescimento das árvores, espécies, gêneros, dentre outras características, e para isso preservar os exemplares é de suma importância. Nos cursos de ensino superior, para melhor compreensão de estudos, para auxiliar nas práticas de determinadas componentes curriculares e para o ensino e pesquisa o uso de coleções, herbários, xilotecas e acervos são fundamentais como por exemplo na Engenharia Florestal e demais áreas relacionadas a flora e a fauna. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma coleção de madeiras para implementar as aulas dos componentes curriculares da área de tecnologia da madeira, com amostras de troncos de madeira de algumas espécies. Estas amostras visam demonstrar os mais variados tipos de defeitos, com o propósito de proporcionar aos alunos mais uma fonte de informações.
Redescripción y nueva combinación de Euryurus flavocarinatus Daday, 1889, y nuevo nombre para el homónimo Euryurus flavocarinatus Silvestri, 1899 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Aphelidesmidae)
Authors: Recuero Ernesto , Aguado-Aranda Pablo
Published: May 2021

El milpiés mexicano Euryurus flavocarinatus Daday, 1889, ha permanecido como incertae sedis por más de un siglo. El examen del holotipo demuestra que la especie pertenece al género Amplinus dentro de la amplia familia Aphelidesmidae, orden Polydesmida. En el presente trabajo presentamos una redescripción completa del holotipo de Amplinus flavocarinatus (Daday, 1889) comb. nov. Por otro lado, Euryurus flavocarinatus Silvestri, 1899 (actualmente cosiderada dentro del género Pycnotropis) es un homónimo primario más reciente de E. flavocarinatus Daday, 1889, por lo que proponemos el nombre Pycnotropis silvestrii Recuero & Aguado- Aranda nom. nov. para sustituir el nombre de Silvestri y resolver la homonimia.
Adjuvant botulinum toxin for endoscopic management (preaponeurotic endoscopic repair) of severe diastasis recti
Authors: Muas Derlin Marcio Juárez , Palmisano Ezequiel Mariano , Santoja Guillermo Pou , Mustone Paz Olga Rosa
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Diastasis recti (DR) associated with midline hernias is common. Big size DR represents a clinical and cosmetic problem. Its repair is challenging, with intraoperative and postoperative risks. The adjuvant of botulinum toxin serotype A makes it possible to restoration of the linea alba by preaponeurotic endoscopic repair (REPA).

METHODS:

This was a retrospective study with prospective database. Between February 2019 and July 2020, six women were operated, with a mean age of 39 years and a diagnosis of DR >80 mm, with a body mass index of 27. All patients were infiltrated with 50 UR of botulinum toxin serotype A on each side, 30 days before the surgery.

RESULTS:

The intraoperative diagnosis of DR was 87.5 mm average, associated with midline hernias in 100%, with a mean transverse diameter of 24 mm (10–60 mm) Anatomical restoration of the linea alba was performed with a slow absorbable barbed suture. The wall was reinforced with 100% macroporous polypropylene mesh, with 83.3% atraumatic fixation and 16.6% absorbable traumatic fixation. The surgical time was 94 ± 15 min. Postoperative pain was 2/10 ± 1 according to the Visual Analog Scale, allowing a hospital stay of 18 ± 4 h. Return to work 18 ± 3 days. The mean follow-up was 9 (2–18) months by the clinical and ultrasound examination in 100%, without complications or recurrences.

CONCLUSIONS:

The application of botulinum toxin serotype A associated with endoscopic repair (REPA) allowed solving the big size DR and midline hernias with suture of the rectus sheath with less tension, associated with a reinforcement prosthesis, allowing a reduced hospitalization with a low level of postoperative pain, avoiding muscle release incisions, which are irreversible and not exempt from morbidity, added to the proven benefits of endoscopic access.
Long-term parastomal hernia occurrence rate following Stapled Mesh stomA Reinforcement Technique
Authors: Ng Zi Qin , Tan Patrick , Tan Jih Huei , Theophilus Mary
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE:

Our initial publication on Stapled Mesh stomA Reinforcement Technique (SMART) for the prevention of parastomal hernias (PSH) demonstrated promising results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term PSH occurrence rate with SMART and its associated complications and to radiologically measure the progression of trephine diameters.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

All SMART cases from November 2013 to July 2016 were reviewed. Demographics, peri-operative details, and long-term mesh-related complications were collected. Serial computed tomography (CT) scans during follow-up were used to identify PSH and measure the progression of axial and sagittal trephine diameters and trephine area.

RESULTS:

15 patients (M:F = 10:5) underwent an elective stoma formation with SMART. Nine died during the study period. Two patients died before any CT scan with no clinical evidence of PSH. All except one of the remaining 13 patients developed radiological PSH. There were no long-term mesh-related complications. Only one patient required the relocation of stoma due to the incarceration of small bowel in the PSH in an emergency setting. The median follow-up was 28 months (3–77 months).

CONCLUSION:

Prophylactic mesh placement by SMART did not prevent the occurrence of PSH in the long-term despite only a minority of patients required surgical intervention for PSH.
Use of Flipped Classroom for the Teaching of Postgraduate Students
Authors: Nair Anand , Yadav Arun Kumar
Published: May 2021

Background:

Flipped classroom uses a face-to-face approach and delivery of content to the students on an online platform. It combines principles of self-directed learning and active participation. There are not many studies that analyzed the benefits of this approach in India.

Methods:

A flipped classroom session was planned for postgraduate students of community medicine. The faculty conducted discussion on topic and content. The content was selected and sent to students. Students were divided into three groups. A small group teaching session was held after 1 week. Improvement was objectively measured using a pre-posttest. Feedback from the students was taken on Likert's scale and open-ended questionnaire.

Results:

All students (n = 10) agreed with topic selection and quality of content. All were satisfied with the approach and admitted to being interested in attending another session. Eighty percent agreed that teacher-student interaction was better as compared to a regular classroom. Average pre-test multiple-choice question score was 60% and posttest score 87.7% (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Flipped classroom is a useful tool to improve the learning experience of students. However, sessions should be well planned with discussion and consensus among stakeholders. Further research is required for evaluating the benefits of this method on larger scales.
Acupuncture for Hot Flashes
Authors: Sheng Ru-Ya , Yan Yan , Linh Dang Hai Hoang
Published: May 2021

Objective:

To conduct a literature review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the use of acupuncture for hot flashes to analyze the characteristics of each study, draw a conclusion on the advantages and disadvantages of previous studies and provide the suggestions for future studies on the same topic.

Methods:

We searched English and Chinese databases for the literature published from 2009 to 2019 restricted in the English and Chinese language, and we included RCT using acupuncture as the main observational intervention for hot flashes by the criteria.

Results:

Twenty studies met our eligibility criteria. All the studies were of high quality and confirmed the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for hot flashes, although they used different controlled interventions. The acupuncture treatment and theory of acupoints selection were relatively consistent among the studies, and they had close trial designs.

Conclusions:

These RCTs on acupuncture were nonuniform, which made the studies on this topic lack coherence, leading to unsatisfactory research outcomes. Therefore, more professional research teams are needed to perform studies on a definite topic and draw a specific conclusion to previous studies before the next step is taken.
Early and Precise Detection of Pancreatic Tumor by Hybrid Approach with Edge Detection and Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Dhruv Bhawna , Mittal Neetu , Modi Megha
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic cancer is highly lethal as it grows, spreads rapidly and difficult to diagnose at its early stages. It can be identified through scan images. The tumorous images obtained from imaging techniques suffer from the drawback of cryptic data due to presence of unwanted noise and poor contrast.OBJECTIVE: To reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer, its detection and diagnosis at an early stage becomes crucial.METHODS: The proposed work encompasses the processing of CT scans of pancreatic tumor using classical and artificial intelligence based optimized edge detection techniques for optimization and detection of tumor.RESULTS: The simulation results are highly encouraging as evident from the far improved visibility of resultant images with Particle Swarm Optimization.CONCLUSION: The output image with PSO shows the quality enhanced CT images which helps in accurate detection and diagnosis of the pancreatic tumor at an early stage providing an aid in medical imaging.
Global methods for the symplectic type of congruences between elliptic curves
Authors: Cremona John E. , Freitas Nuno
Published: May 2021

We describe a systematic investigation into the existence of congruences between the mod

p

torsion modules of elliptic curves defined over

\mathbb{Q}

, including methods to determine the symplectic type of such congruences. We classify the existence and symplectic type of mod

p

congruences between twisted elliptic curves over number fields, giving global symplectic criteria that apply in situations where the available local methods may fail. We report on the results of applying our methods for all primes

p\ge7

to the elliptic curves in the LMFDB database, which currently includes all elliptic curves of conductor less than

500\,000

. We also show that while such congruences exist for each

p\le17

, there are none for

p \geq 19

in the database, in line with a strong form of the Frey–Mazur conjecture.
Small cap decoupling inequalities: Bilinear methods
Authors: Oh Changkeun
Published: May 2021

We obtain sharp small cap decoupling inequalities associated to the moment curve for certain range of exponents

p

. Our method is based on the bi-linearization argument due to Bourgain and Demeter. Our result generalizes theirs to all higher dimensions.
Критерий единственности решения граничных задач
для абстрактного уравнения Эйлера-Пуассона-Дарбу
на конечном интервале
Authors: Glushak Alexander Vasilevich
Published: May 2021

Для абстрактного уравнения Эйлера-Пуассона-Дарбу
рассматриваются граничные задачи с условиями Дирихле и Неймана.
Устанавливается критерий единственности решения.
Библиография: 12 названий.
О мультипликаторах рядов Фурье по системе Хаара
Authors: Tleukhanova Nazerke Tulekovna , Bashirova Anar Nabievna
Published: May 2021

Дано полное описание мультипликаторов рядов Фурье-Хаара
в пространствах Лоренца. Получены необходимые и достаточные условия
принадлежности классу мультипликаторов рядов Фурье-Хаара
$m(L_{p,r}\to L_{q,s})$.
Библиография: 26 названий.
Эндоморфность абелевых групп как модулей
над своими кольцами эндоморфизмов
Authors: Ljubimtsev Oleg Vladimirovich
Published: May 2021

Для абелевой группы $A$ как модуля
над своим кольцом эндоморфизмов $E(A)$
почти кольцо однородных отображений $\mathcal{M}_{E(A)}(A)$
определяется как множество отображений
$\{f\colon A\to A \mid f(\varphi a)=\varphi f(a)$
для всех $\varphi\in E(A)$ и $a\in A\}$ с операцией сложения и
композиции отображений в качестве умножения. Доказано,
что задача описания некоторых классов смешанных абелевых групп
со свойством $\mathcal{M}_{E(A)}(A)=E(A)$ сводится
к абелевым группам без кручения. Найдены абелевы группы
с указанным свойством в классе сильно неразложимых абелевых групп
без кручения конечного ранга и абелевых групп
без кручения конечного ранга, совпадающих со своим псевдоцоколем.
Библиография: 20 названий.
Асимптотика головной волны в задаче Коши для разностной схемы,
отвечающей двумерному волновому уравнению с локализованными начальными
данными
Authors: Sergeev Sergey Andreevich
Published: May 2021

В работе строится асимптотика головной волны задачи Коши для
псевдодифференциального уравнения, отвечающего разностной схеме
для волнового уравнения с локализованными начальными данными.
В зависимости от соотношения параметров задачи у головной волны
возникают дисперсионные эффекты. В случае сильных дисперсионнных
эффектов строится равномерная асимптотика головной волны в достаточно
большой окрестности переднего фронта. Более того, такую асимптотику
можно представить с помощью тэта-функций Якоби в случае, когда
начальная функция имеет вид гауссовой экспоненты.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Некоммутативная кеплерова динамика: группы симметрий
и бигамильтоновы структуры
Authors: Hounkonnou Mahouton Norbert , Landalidji Mahougnon Justin , Mitrovic Melanija
Published: May 2021

Построены интегралы движения из некоммутативной кеплеровой динамики, порождающие динамические группы симметрий $SO(3)$, $SO(4)$ и $SO(1,3)$. Получено гамильтоново векторное поле в переменных действие-угол и показано существование иерархии бигамильтоновых структур. Вычислено и обсуждается семейство рекурсивных операторов Нейенхейса.
Многокомпонентная цепочка Тоды в центро-аффинном пространстве ${\mathbb R}^n$
Authors: Duan Xiaojuan , Li Chuanzhong , Wang Jing Ping
Published: May 2021

Групповой метод дискретного подвижного репера, используется для изучения эволюций инвариантов в $n$-размерном центро-аффинном пространстве. Выводятся индуцированные интегрируемые уравнения для инвариантов, которые преобразованием Миуры могут быть преобразованы в локальные и нелокальные многокомпонентные цепочки Тоды и, как следствие, даются их геометрические реализации в центро-аффинном пространстве.
В случае дискретных реперов и эволюций кривых исследуются эволюции геометрических инвариантов в центро-аффинном пространстве. Найдены интересные интегрируемые уравнения, которые включают в себя некоторые локальные и нелокальные многокомпонентные уравнения цепочки Тоды или биградуированные уравнения Тоды. Получены некоторые бигамильтоновы пары, которые порождают интегрируемые дифференциально-разностные системы.
Локальные решения быстро-медленной модели оптико-электронного осциллятора с запаздыванием
Authors: Glazkov Dmitrii Vladimirovich
Published: May 2021

Изучается дифференциально-разностная модель оптико-электронного осциллятора, которая представляет собой модификацию уравнения Икеды с запаздыванием. Выполнен анализ устойчивости нулевого состояния равновесия. Отмечается, что число корней характеристического уравнения линеаризованной задачи с близкой к нулю вещественной частью неограниченно возрастает при значениях параметра порядка, стремящихся к бифуркационным. Асимптотика таких корней определяет асимптотическое представление возникающих в окрестности нуля решений исходной задачи. Явно указанная замена переменных позволяет в конечном итоге получить уравнения специального вида для медленных амплитуд, которые не зависят от малого параметра и удовлетворяют граничным условиям типа периодичности по одной из переменных. Такую переменную удобно рассматривать как пространственную, хотя в данном случае в этой роли выступает "быстрое" время. Определены амплитуды и частоты колебательных составляющих решений. Сформулированы результаты о соответствии локальных решений исходной системы и нелокальных решений уравнений в частных производных, выступающих в роли нормальных форм.
Релаксационные колебания в логистическом уравнении с запаздыванием, зависящим от состояния в прошлом
Authors: Golubenets Vyacheslav Olegovich
Published: May 2021

Рассматривается логистическое уравнение с запаздыванием, зависящим от состояния в прошлом времени. Исследуется вопрос о существовании у этого уравнения нелокальных релаксационных периодических решений при больших значениях параметра. Проведено сравнение характеристик (например, периода и экстремальных значений) найденных решений с аналогичными характеристиками решений других модификаций этого уравнения. Получены асимптотические оценки периода и максимального и минимального значений. Исследование проводится методом большого параметра.
Recommended Practice for Determining Material Properties of Li-Battery Cathode Active Materials
Authors:   Battery Materials Testing Committee
Published: May 2021

This SAE Recommended Practice provides a set of test methods and practices for the characterization of lithium ion battery cathode active material.

It is beyond the scope of this document to establish criteria for the test results, as these are usually established between the vendor and customer. It should be noted that materials properties can vary substantially between classes of materials (e.g., LNO and LFP) and caution should be exercised when attempting to directly compare their chemical and physical properties. While these distinctions are important for the manufacturer, this document focuses on the techniques to measure the materials properties and not their absolute or relative values. Future materials such as solid-state batteries and sulfides are beyond the scope of this document.

It is beyond the scope of this document to examine the rheological properties of the cathode material dispersed in a coating slurry since such properties are influenced by the conductive additive, binder, and solvent, which are determined by the coating process.

It is beyond the scope of this document to examine the electrochemical properties of cathode materials since these are influenced by electrode and ultimately cell design. Due to the difference in electrical and electrochemical properties of the cathode material, it is unrealistic to establish an electrode and cell design that would justly compare different cathode active materials.
Iberian inscriptions in Sahara Desert rocks (Ti-m Missaou, Ahaggar Mts. area, Algeria): first evidence of incise Iberian rock scripts in continental North Africa
Authors: Arnaiz-Villena Antonio , Ruiz-del-Valle Valentín , López-Nares Adrián , Suárez-Trujillo Fabio
Published: May 2021

In the present paper, we show Iberian or Iberian-Guanche scripts found in the Middle of Sahara Desert, Ti-m Missaou (Tim Missao, Tim Missaw), 270 km SouthWest of Tamanrasset on Ahaggar or Hoggar Mountains (Mts.) area (Algeria). More Iberian scripts may be earthed beneath Sahara Desert sands or have been neglected by observers. We also put forward that Iberian semi-syllabary may have its origin in the Neolithic Saharo-Canarian Circle, the same as other Mediterranean, Atlantic and European lineal scripts (apart from Berber/Tuareg) like Etruscan, Runes, Old Italian languages, Minoan Lineal A, Sitovo and Gradeshnitsa (Bulgaria) writings (6,000 yearsBC) and others. In fact, Strabo wrote that Iberians had written language before since 6,000 BC. On the other hand, Sahara Desert was green and populated since before 5,000 years BC and we had proposed that most of Mediterranean culture, languages and writing, had a Saharan origin. Ti-m Missaou Sahara Iberian inscriptions, together with our previous and others researches on Canary Islands, further support this proposal, i.e.: rock scripts, Gimbutas-like Paleolithic figurines and unusual artifacts, like a lunisolar Egyptian-like calendar (“Cheeseboard/Quesera” at Lanzarote) carved in a Megalithic stone, do no support that Phoenicians and Romans carried Canarian ancient Guanche culture. Finally, a continuous lineal writing systems developing seems to have occurred during Paleolithic and Neolithic Epochs, which also harbor the related incise Lineal Megalithic Scripts that could have given rise to Iberian development and other lineal African, European and Mediterranean lineal language scripts. Our present new data is interpreted in the context of the Sahara people migration which occurred when hyperarid conditions started establishing about 6,000 years BC.

Keywords: Iberian, Iberian-Guanche, Scripts, Canary Islands, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Prehistory, Saharo-Canarian Circle, Genetics, Megaliths, Iberia, Sahara, Atlantic, Mediterranean, Lineal Scripts, Neolithic, Tamanrasset, Hoggar, Ahaggar, Usko-Mediterranean,Etruscan, Tuareg, Berber, Lineal A.
Misinformation about COVID-19 among internet users in Nigeria: Tools to effective public awareness, prevention and control
Authors: Adeyemi Kayode
Published: May 2021

Since the World Health Organization announced in early 2020 that the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by an infodemic of misinformation, we are left with the question of public perspective-driven compliance to safety measures. This preliminary study evaluated some claims about COVID-19 including vaccine conspiracy theories among Nigerians with factors influencing it. An online structured questionnaire was designed to collect one-time data from voluntary participants. Demographically, major respondents were; bachelor: 284 (75.1%), age-group between 18 and 30 years: 312 (82.5%) and male: 207 (54.8%). Those that do not know the range of infected population in the country accounted for 260 (72.2%). In opinion, 57 (15.1%) supported that SARS-COV-2 cannot survive the warm climate of African continent, and 41 (10.8%) believed the hoax theory about COVID-19. Unapproved herbal medication was reported to be used by 251 (66.4%) of the respondents while 92 (24.3%) made use of Chloroquine. For transmission related conceptions, 52 (13.8%) indicated that an asymptomatic carrier cannot spread the virus to another healthy individual. About half of the respondents 182 (48.1%) suspected that SARS-COV-2 was an engineered virus and 173 (45.8%) supported that there are underlying negative intentions on the clinical trial of COVID-19 vaccines on Africans. There is a weak correlation between the demographic data of the respondents and the claims. The level of misconception Nigerians have about COVID-19 is a major concern. Thus, it is imperative to continuously engage in community awareness and education using proven facts about the virus, and its available prophylaxis measures in order to avoid the dangers that are associated with the prevailing misconceptions.

Keywords: Misinformation, Vaccine conspiracy, COVID-19, Compliance
Strokes in children with sickle cell disease at the National Hospital Abuja Nigeria
Authors: Oniyangi O , Ahmed P , Otuneye OT , Okon J , Aikhionbare HA , Olatunji OO , Akano AO
Published: May 2021

Background: Strokes occur in sickle cell disease (SCD), and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of strokes amongst childrenwith SCD, and document the major clinical features, complications, effect of treatment with chronic transfusion therapy (CTT) and outcome.Methods: A descriptive retrospective study of SCD children with strokes seen at the National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria over a 2.5 year period from January 2009 – June 2012. Data was collected by scrutinizing case files obtained from the hospital medical records unit. Information obtained included demographic data, clinical features, packed cell volume (PCV), brain imaging, long term neurologic deficits, effect of CTT, stroke recurrence and outcome.Results: There were 31 children with strokes among 596 children with SCD documented in the register, giving a prevalence of 5.2%. Twenty six (26) case notes were retrieved. There were 12 males and 14 females, M: F ratio of 0.9:1; mean age was 6.4 years (SD 3.4) range: 1 year 7 months – 14 years; mean PCV at the time of strokes was 21.1% (SD 3.9) range 14 –29%. All (100%) had Haemoglobin SS on electrophoresis. Presentationswere convulsions 18, inability to use limbs 11, weakness of limbs 10; long term neurological deficits were hemiplegia 11, cognition loss 11. Three (3) children had no deficits. Brain imaging (Computed Tomography Scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging) done in 16 (61.5%) children showed cerebral atrophy in 10, acute cerebral infarcts in 9, chronic cerebral infarcts in 6, acute intra cranial haemorrhage in 1 and normal imagings in 4 children. Twelve (12) children (46.2%) children had recurrences of stroke ranging in number from 1 to 4, which occurred 6 months to 3 years afterthe initial stroke. There were no statistical significant differences between the children with recurrences of stroke compared to those without regarding the age, sex, weight or PCVs p > 0.05. Fifteen (15) children (57.7%) wereenrolled in CTT. Two (2) out of 7 children (28.6%) that had regular CTT had stroke recurrence; compared to 5 out of 11 children (45.4%) with no CTT (p > 0.05). Four (4) out of 6 (66.7%) children with irregular CTT and 1 of 2 children who stopped CTT had stroke recurrence.Outcome: 17 children were alive, 7 were lost to follow up, 1 died and 1 was referred to another center.Conclusion: Strokes were an important cause of morbidity in Nigerianchildren with SCD, with major long term neurologic deficits. CTT appearedbeneficial in preventing stroke recurrences. Primary prevention strategy by Trans Cranial Doppler ultrasound studies of the cerebral arteries, with the aim of promptly initiating appropriate preventive therapy for stroke is strongly advocated.Key words: Sickle cell disease, Stroke, Children, Chronic Transfusion Therapy
Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in children at Federal Medical Centre, Gusau, Zamfara state, Nigeria
Authors: Mado SM , Abubakar U , Onazi SO , Adeoye GO
Published: May 2021

Epidemic meningococcal meningitis is a major public health problem still affecting tropical countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, which lieswithin African meningitis belt. Repeated large scale epidemics of CSM have been reported in northern Nigeria for the past four decades. It is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in these regions. Mortality from the CSM remains high despite advances in treatment modalities. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A have been the major cause of large scale epidemics in tropical countries, while serogroups B, C, Y and W-135 are responsible for most of invasive disease in America and other developed countries.Objective: To determine the pattern of epidemic CSM in children atFederal Medical Centre, Gusau.Method: The study was a retrospective one carried out in children agedsix months to 12 years admitted into Emergency Paediatrics Unit (EPU) with a diagnosis of CSM within the period January to May, 2009.Results: Seventy- seven children with epidemic CSM were admittedand managed in EPU from January-May 2009.Conclusion: Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A CSM is becoming thedisease of young infants, and stresses the need for inclusion ofCSM vaccine in early infancy in routine immunization policy, in areas within the meningitis belt in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Triceps skin fold thickness as a measure of body fat in Nigerian adolescents
Authors: Ahmad MM , Ahmed H , Airede KI
Published: May 2021

Background: Skin fold thickness (SFT) at selected areas offers a simple method of subcutaneous fat assessment and provides a good estimate of obesity and body fat distribution. The triceps SFT has been shown to be one of the best and most popular sites for SFT measurement in children.Objective: To assess the body fat of school adolescents and to comparethe performance of triceps SFT with Bioelectrical impedance method in the detection of overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) among the subjectsMethods: The study was cross sectional; involving secondary schoolstudents within Sokoto metropolis. Subjects were selected by a multistagerandom sampling method. Harpenden skin fold caliper (ASSIST Creative Resources Ltd, LL13 9UG, UK) and Tanita Body fat scale (model UM-030, Tanita, UK Ltd; 2004) were used respectively to measure the triceps SFTand body fat content (%) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results: The mean triceps SFT values were 8.9mm (±4.7) for malesand 12.9mm (±4.6) for the females (p<0.001). Mean % BF values were8.2 ± 4.1% for the males, and 20.0 ± 6.8% for the females (p<0.001).The triceps SFT gave a prevalence of overweight of 2.5%, while that of obesity was 0.8%. With the BIA method, 2.5% of the subjects wereclassified as overweight and 1.7% as obese.Conclusion: Triceps SFT remain a fair surrogate for the assessment ofadiposity, the component of overweight that leads to pathology.Key words: Skin fold thickness, bioelectrical impedance analysis, body fat, obesity, adolescents
Transient neonatal diabetes or neonatal hyperglycaemia: A case report
Authors: Obasa TO , Adesiyun OO , Mokuolu OA
Published: May 2021

Transient neonatal diabetes and neonatal hyperglycaemia both present in the neonatal period with features of hyperglycaemia, dehydration and weight loss. Differentiating these conditions clinically is difficult. We describe the case of a 13 day old female whom we managed recently who could have had either condition. Hyperglycaemia is not as commonly documented as would be expected for the frequency of neonatal disease and when it does occur, it will worsen neonatal morbidity and mortality. Blood glucose levels in babies ondextrose infusion should be monitored regularly in order to help individualiseglucose requirements.
Paediatrician workforce in Nigeria and impact on child health
Authors: Ekure EN , Esezobor CI , Balogun MR , Woo JG , Mukhtar-Yola M , Ojo OO , Emodi IJ , Omoigberale AI , Olowu AO , Ogala WN , Esangbedo DO
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the number and distribution of paediatricians in Nigeria. It also aims to determine the association between paediatrician workforce and under five mortality (U5MR) and immunization coverageacross the six geopolitical zones of the country.Methods: The part II fellowship examination pass list of the West African College of Physicians and the National Postgraduate Medical College and the register and financial records of the Paediatric Association of Nigeria were searched for the purpose of the study. Using a structured questionnaire, personal and professional data was obtained frommembers at the 2011 Annual Paediatric Association of Nigeria Conference or via the Association’s website, email network and phone calls to Departments of Paediatrics in institutions (private and public) across the Country. Data on the paediatricians residing within Nigeria was then extracted from the comprehensive database and subsequently analyzed.Population data, mortality and immunization rates were obtained from the National Population Commission census and their most recent National Demographic health survey in Nigeria. Correlations were drawn betweennumber of paediatricians and U5MR and diphtheria-pertussistetanus(DPT) vaccine coverage.Results: There were 492 practicing paediatricians in Nigeria at theend of year 2011, comprising 282 (57.3%) males and 210 (42.7%)females; 476 (96.7%). Majority (84.7%) worked for the governmentwith 97% of them in hospital settings, mostly tertiary centres (344=88%). Lagos State had the highest number (85; 17.9%) of practicing paediatricians followed by the Federal Capital Territory with 37 (7.8%) paediatricians. More than two thirds of the paediatricians (336; 70.6%) were practicing in the southern part of the country. The average child:p a e d i a t r i c i a n r a t i o wa s 157,878:1for the country. TheNorth East zone had the highest chi ld- to-pa ediat r ician rat io (718,412:1) while South West had the lowest ratio (95,682:1).Higher absolute numbers of paediatricians in each zone were associatedwi th lower U5MR (Spearman ñ=-0.94, p=0.0048), accounting for 84% of the variability among zones. Higher ratios of child-to-paediatrician were significantly associated with higher U5MR (Spearman ñ=0.82, p=0.04,linear R2=0.73) and marginally with lower DPT coverage by geopoliticalzone (Spearman ñ=-0.77, p=0.07, linear R2=0.59).Conclusion: The study reveals that the number of paediatricians inNigeria is grossly inadequate with a huge child-to-paediatrician ratio.There is also an uneven distribution of the paediatricians with higher numbers in the southern states. Zones of the country with lower child-to-paediatrician ratios also experienced lower U5MR. There is a need to train more paediatricians in Nigeria and promote an even distribution of the paediatrician workforceKey words: Paediatrician, workforce, child-to-paediatrician ratio, under-5 mortality, immunization, childhealth, Nigeria
Secondary open angle glaucoma in a child with congenital oculodermal melanocytosis
Authors: Duke R , David R , Utam U
Published: May 2021

Congenital oculodermal melanocytosis, a pigmented ocular surface lesion in children, may pose a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge even to the eye physician. Further, parents, care givers and non-eye care physicians are often unaware of this diagnosis and its associated potentialocular morbid conditions or the potential for malignancy thereby causing a delay in examination of such affected eyes. This article highlights an uncommon pigmented ocular surface lesion encountered in childhood. Further, a call to attention, that congenital oculodermal melanosis in childhood may harbor and coexist with an ocular morbid condition of glaucoma which develops in childhood. We report a case of congenital oculodermal melanosis with secondary open angle glaucoma in childhood.Special emphasis is placed on early identification and referral by noneye physicians. Accurate diagnosis and management of congenitaloculodermal melanosis and the associated condition of secondary open angle glaucoma in childhood by the eye care physician is important.An understanding of the natural history of pigmented eye lesions in children by non eye physicians is essential for successful outcomesand prevention of uniocular blindness and its attendant consequences.Key words: oculodermal melanocytosis; unilateral; secondary glaucoma; blindness
Maternal factors in the aetiology of small-for-gestational age among term Nigerian babies
Authors: Oluwafemi RO , Njokanma OF , Disu EA , Ogunlesi TA
Published: May 2021

Background: Babies are classified according to the relationship between birth weight and gestational age, the latter being the strongest determinant of birth weight. Small-for-gestational age (SGA) babies have birth weights less than the 10th percentile for age and sex or more than two standard deviations below the mean for age and sex.Objective: The study was carried out to investigate the maternal factorsassociated with the delivery of term small-for-gestational age babiesin a Nigerian Hospital.Methods: In the cross-sectional survey, the anthropometric parametersof term singleton infants were related to maternal age, parity, socio-economic class, anthropometry and medical disorders in pregnancy.Results: A total of 825 babies were surveyed within the first 24 hoursof life. The mean birth weight of babies was 3233 ± 539g. The males had significantly longer mean crown-heel length and mean occipitofrontal circumference compared to females p = 0.048 and p < 0.000 respectively). The prevalence of infants with small-for-gestational age was 7.2% (5.7% and 8.8% among males and females respectively). The proportion of mothers who did not encounter significant illness in pregnancy was lowestamong those who had SGA babies, followed by mothers of LGA babiesand those of AGA babies in that order. With respect to maternal age,weight, height and body mass index (except inter-pregnancy interval),mothers of SGA babies had significantly lower values compared tomothers of the AGA and LGA babies (p < 0.03).Conclusion: This study identified age, parity, anthropometry and  hypertension-related disorders as major maternal factors associated withthe birth of SGA babies in Nigeria.Keywords: Anthropometry, Intrauterine growth restriction, maternal illness, Nigeria.
Relationship between anthropometric parameters and the location of apex beat in children
Authors: Oyinlade OA , Olowu AO , Ogunlesi TA
Published: May 2021

Background: Childhood growth is characterized by changes in anthropometric parameters. The location of the apex beat may besimilarly influenced by growth.Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine any relationshipbetween the location of the apex beat and anthropometric parameters.Subjects and Methods: This crosssectional survey was carried out inSagamu, Nigeria. Apparently healthy children were randomly selected for the study. Apex beat location in the intercostal space was determined and distance from the midline was recorded. Weight and length/height were also recorded while Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Surface Area (BSA) were calculated.Results: A total of 237 children aged 12 hours to 10 years were surveyed.The mean distance of the apex beat from the midline from birth to 10 years ranged from 2.3cm to 6.4cm. The mean distance of apex beat from the midline increased progressively with weight, height, chest circumference and BSA but not with BMI. Strong correlations were observed betweendistance of apex beat from the midline and weight (r = 0.850, p .0.001); height (r = 0.867, p .0.001); chest circumference (r = 0.833, p . 0.001); BSA (r = 0.862, p . 0.001) but not with Body Mass Index (r = 0.019, p = 0.774).Conclusion: The location of the apex beat in children was stronglyinfluenced by growth as suggested by anthropometric parameters.Key words: Anthropometry, apex beat, children, mid-clavicular line,nipple line
Audit of clinical documentation of external genitalia examination findings in the newborn: The Benin-city experience
Authors: Onyiriuka AN , Sadoh WE , Kuhnle-Krahl U , Elusiyan JBE
Published: May 2021

Background: Over the years, poor medical documentation is a well known phenomenon in medical practice but the magnitude of the problem in our setting has not been defined.Objective: To assess the overall frequency of missed detection of anomalies of external genitalia following the routine newborn physical examination and to describe the general pattern of its documentation.Methods: In this hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study, 915 full-term newborn infants in an open population survey were systematically screened for anomalies of the external genitalia, using a checklist derived by modifying parameters in the Prader scoring system and the External masculinization score charts. The pattern of documentation was assessed in 915 case files. The findings of the researchers were then compared to those previously documented by the attending physician/midwife. The study was conducted in two Nigerian hospitals (University of Benin Teaching Hospital and St Philomena Catholic Hospital) in Benin City. All members of staff of the two hospitals were blinded to the fact that the previous examination findings documented in the case files were being assessed during this study.Results: Of the 915 infants, 19 (2.1%; 95% CI= 1.2-3.0) had anomaly of the external genitalia at birth. The overall frequency of missed diagnosis of external genital anomalies was 68.4% with undescended testes (UDT) being the most frequently missed. The level of documentation of the findings of the external genital examination was poor in both hospitals. Combining the two hospitals, the external genital examination findings were not documented in 76.1% of case files.Conclusions: The routine newborn examination as currently practiced in the two hospitals was weak in detecting external genital anomalies. Poor documentation of the external genital findings is a common occurrence in the setting where we practice, irrespective of whether the health institution is tertiary or secondary.Key words: Audit, clinical documentation, external genitalia anomalies, missed diagnosis, routine newborn examination.