bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Offshore Floating Wind Turbine Prototype and Numerical Analysis During Harsh and Production Events
Authors: Guyot Marc , De Mourgues Cyrille , Le Bihan Gérard , Parenthoine Pierre , Templai Julien , Connolly Aengus , Le Boulluec Marc
Published: December 2019

EOLINK have developed an innovative floating wind turbine in which the single tower is replaced by a set of legs providing a pyramidal architecture. A 1/10th scale prototype of EOLINK’s 12MW concept has been connected to the grid in April 2018 in France. Firstly, the paper describes the technical specifications of this device. Both the turbine and the floater have been designed using Froude scaling, in order to properly represent the EOLINK full scale 12MW concept. The device has been devised from scratch and deploys a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) and an individual electric blade pitch system. The patented mooring system comprises a single point mooring (SPM) system able to withstand very high tide ranges in shallow waters. Regarding monitoring, motions have been recorded using both an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and high precision Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors. Mooring lines tensions have also been monitored. Wind is recorded using both an embedded anemometer on the floating turbine and onshore anemometers installed by IFREMER. This Institute has also measured wave height using a wave recorder. Secondly, experimental results during production and storm events are presented. The encountered environmental conditions highlight the capability of the EOLINK design to withstand harsh wind events, and its ability to produce 12MW using a small sized semi-submersible floater. Then, numerical analysis using FAST and Flexcom is compared with experimental results. Static analysis, decay-tests, Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs) and Power Spectral Densities (PSDs) results are detailed. Power production and the embedded control command capabilities are also presented.
Extreme Wave Loads on Monopile Substructures: Precomputed Kinematics Coupled With the Pressure Impulse Slamming Load Model
Authors: Pierella Fabio , Ghadirian Amin , Bredmose Henrik
Published: December 2019

Monopiles are nowadays the preferred substructure type for bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines at shallow to intermediate water depths. At these locations, the large waves that contribute to extreme loads are strongly nonlinear. Therefore they are not easily reproduced via the simple engineering models who are commonly used in the offshore industry. In the current approach, we develop a design pattern which improves this standard methodology.

To retain nonlinearity in the force computations, we have precomputed a number of wave realizations by means of a potential fully-nonlinear code (OceanWave3D), for a wide span of nondimensional water depths and significant wave heights. The designer can then extract a wave kinematics time series from the precomputed set, scale it by the Froude law, and couple it with a suitable force model to compute loads. To complete the picture, slamming loads are calculated by means of the so-called pressure impulse model, recently developed at DTU. Rather than computing the time series of the slamming load, the model uses a few parameters, all except one determinable from the incident wave to calculate the pressure impulse.

First comparisons with experimental results, obtained in the framework of the DeRisk project, are promising. The force and the wave elevation statistics from the precomputed simulations are in good agreement with the experiments. Some discrepancies are present, due to an imperfect scaling and to the differences in the physical and numerical domains. The computed loads from the slamming model match the experimental ones quite closely, when the wave celerity is extracted as the ratio between the time gradient and the x-wise space gradient of the surface elevation.
AIs direct search for materials breakthroughs
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: December 2019

Decision-making algorithms transform how robots evaluate and synthesize solar cells and more.
Cave painting suggests ancient origin of modern mind
Authors: Price Michael
Published: December 2019

Half-human, half-animal hunters in mythical scene show early artists in Indonesia had sophisticated imaginations.
Nearly quantized conductance plateau of vortex zero mode in an iron-based superconductor
Authors: Zhu Shiyu , Kong Lingyuan , Cao Lu , Chen Hui , Papaj Michał , Du Shixuan , Xing Yuqing , Liu Wenyao , Wang Dongfei , Shen Chengmin , Yang Fazhi , Schneeloch John , Zhong Ruidan , Gu Genda , Fu Liang , Zhang Yu-Yang , Ding Hong , Gao Hong-Jun
Published: December 2019

Reaching a conductance plateau

The surface of the iron-based superconductor FeTe
0.55
Se
0.45
satisfies the necessary conditions to support topological superconductivity. Under the application of a magnetic field, vortices with zero-bias peaks that are consistent with Majorana bound states have been observed. Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, Zhu
et al.
studied the conductance of these states as the tip-sample distance was reduced (see the Perspective by Sau). The researchers found that the value of the conductance increased and eventually saturated. For one of the vortices they studied, the conductance reached a quantized value that is characteristic of the Majorana bound states.

Science
, this issue p.
189
; see also p.
145
Sensory coding mechanisms revealed by optical tagging of physiologically defined neuronal types
Authors: Lee Donghoon , Kume Maiko , Holy Timothy E.
Published: December 2019

Cell-type identification in neural circuits

In many cases, a single molecular marker is insufficient to define a specific cell type and may label a few, or a few hundred, physiologically distinguishable cell types. Lee
et al.
developed a high-throughput technique, called physiological optical tagging sequencing (PhOTseq), for identifying the expression profile of cells that exhibit a particular physiological profile (see the Perspective by Renninger). They used PhOTseq to identify genes encoding vomeronasal receptors in mice, which detect pheromones and subserve social communication.

Science
, this issue p.
1384
; see also p.
1311
The biology of big
Authors: Williams Terrie M.
Published: December 2019

Whales became the world's largest animals thanks to giant gulps of “bite-size” prey
Protect global collaboration
Authors: Leshner Alan I.
Published: December 2019

Organized intellectual espionage is a concept that may not seem relevant to most American scientists because such instances are extremely rare, like most cases of scientific misconduct. But this type of theft from research institutions in the United States, although infrequent and isolated, is very real and very serious. It compromises the scientific values that uphold the openness of academic institutions in the United States as well as the nation's security. Over the past decade, U.S. academic, security, and intelligence communities have identified an increasing number of instances of such misconduct by foreign nations, primarily China but also Russia and Iran. As policies to aggressively deter these occurrences are under vigorous discussion, the scientific community needs to step up and participate in designing the legal path forward, no matter how unpalatable that might seem. Otherwise, scientists will simply be left accepting the cards dealt to them regarding openness and collaboration, which could be even more distasteful.
Commuting time to work and behaviour-related health: a fixed-effect analysis
Authors: Halonen Jaana I , Pulakka Anna , Vahtera Jussi , Pentti Jaana , Laström Hanna , Stenholm Sari , Hanson Linda Magnusson
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Long commuting times are linked to poor health outcomes, but the evidence is mainly cross-sectional. We examined longitudinal within-individual associations between commuting time and behaviour-related health.

Methods

Data were from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health study. We selected workers who responded to a minimum of two surveys conducted every other year between 2008 and 2018. We included all study waves with self-reported commuting time (ie, the exposure, 1–5, 6–10, 11–15 or ≥15 hours/week), body mass index (based on weight and height), physical (in)activity, smoking, alcohol use and sleep problems (ie, the outcomes) (Nindividuals=20 376, Nobservations=46 169). We used conditional logistic regression for fixed effects analyses that controls for time-varying confounders by design. Analyses were stratified by working hours: normal (30–40 hours/week) or longer than normal (>40 hours/week) and adjusted for time dependent covariates: age, marital status, occupational position, presence of children, chronic disease, depressive symptoms, job strain and shift work.

Results

Those working >40 hours/week had higher odds of physical inactivity (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.51) and sleep problems (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.35) when they were commuting >5 hours/week than when they were commuting 1–5 hours/week. Among women working normal hours, longer commuting time associated with lower odds of problem drinking.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that lengthy commuting time increases the risk of physical inactivity and sleep problems if individuals have longer than normal weekly working hours. Effects of work arrangements that decrease commuting time should be examined in relation to health behaviours.
Declining trends in HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Iran could be attributable to reduced drug injection: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mirzazadeh Ali , Shokoohi Mostafa , Karamouzian Mohammad , Ashki Haleh , Khajehkazemi Razieh , Salari Apameh , Abedinzadeh Negin , Nadji Seyed Alireza , Sharifi Hamid , Kazerooni Parvin Afsar , Mohraz Minoo , Haghdoost Ali-Akbar
Published: December 2019

Objective

The HIV trend among female sex workers (FSWs) is understudied. We assessed the prevalence and trend of HIV and five other STIs among FSWs in Iran.

Methods

We recruited FSWs (1337 in 2015, 1005 in 2010) from 21 sites in 13 cities in two cross-sectional biobehavioural surveys. Eligible FSWs were women aged ≥18 years who reported selling sex to more than one male client in the past 12 months. Consenting FSWs were interviewed using a behavioural questionnaire and tested for HIV and five other STIs. We considered study sites as clusters in the analysis and two-sided Fisher’s exact test to compare the HIV prevalence between the two survey rounds.

Results

HIV prevalence was 2.1% in 2015 (vs 4.0% in 2010, p=0.007). Lifetime drug injection was reported by 6.1% of participants in 2015 (vs 14.6% in 2010, p=0.003). In 2015, among FSWs with history of lifetime drug injection, HIV prevalence was 8.6% (vs 9.8% in 2010, p=0.425). The prevalence of other STIs in 2015 was 0.4% (95% CI 0.2 to 1.0) for syphilis, 1.3% (95% CI 0.8 to 2.1) for gonorrhoea, 6.0% (95% CI 4.8 to 7.4) for chlamydia, 11.9% (95% CI 8.5 to 16.5) for trichomoniasis and 41.8% (95% CI 39.2 to 44.5) for human papillomavirus.

Conclusions

HIV prevalence among FSWs in Iran decreased, but remains considerably high. The decrease in HIV prevalence compared with 2010 might be explained by a decrease in drug injection. Other STIs are also high in this population. Harm reduction programmes need to be continued and scaled up among this underserved population in Iran.
Nonlinear solutions for laterally loaded piles
Authors: Gupta Bipin K. , Basu Dipanjan
Published: December 2019

A nonlinear analysis framework for laterally loaded piles is presented that is as accurate as equivalent three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis, but computationally one order of magnitude faster. The nonlinear behavior of sands and clays are account for by using hyperbolic modulus–reduction relationships. These nonlinear–elastic constitutive models are used to calculate the reduced modulus at different points in the soil based on the soil strains induced by lateral pile displacement. The reduced modulus at different points in the soil domain are spatially integrated to calculate the reduced soil resistance parameters associated with the differential equation governing the lateral pile displacement. The differential equations governing the lateral displacements of pile and soil under equilibrium are obtained by applying the principle of virtual work to a continuum-based pile–soil system. These coupled differential equations are solved using the one-dimensional finite difference method following an iterative algorithm. The accuracy of the analysis is verified against equivalent three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis, and the validity of the analysis in predicting the field response is checked by comparisons with multiple pile load test results. Parametric studies are performed to gain insights into the lateral pile response.
Mechanical performance of engineered cementitious composites incorporating recycled glass powder
Authors: Adesina Adeyemi , Das Sreekanta
Published: December 2019

Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) is conventionally made up of high content fly ash (FA) combined with Portland cement (PC) as a binder. However, the growing call for sustainability is leading to continuous decommissioning of various coal power plants around the world thereby limiting the supply of fly ash available for ECC production. Therefore, it is of high importance to find alternative materials that can be incorporated into ECC as a partial replacement of the conventional binders. This experimental investigation was carried out to investigate the feasibility of incorporating glass powder (GP) as binder into ECC mixtures. The mechanical performance in terms of its compressive, tensile, and flexural properties was evaluated. Results from this study showed that 25% FA can be replaced with GP without any significant reduction in the mechanical performance of ECC mixtures. Microstructural investigations of the mixtures incorporating GP show good bonding between the cementitious matrix and the fibres.
Yield and nutritive value of grazed complex legume–grass mixtures under increasing nitrogen application rates
Authors: Bélanger Gilles , Tremblay Gaëtan F. , Papadopoulos Yousef A. , Duynisveld John , Lajeunesse Julie , Lafrenière Carole , Fillmore Sherry A.E.
Published: December 2019

Complex pasture mixtures are advantageous, but little information exists on the best forage species and nitrogen (N) management in eastern Canada. We compared under mob stocking four complex mixtures of one of two legume species [alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.)] plus one of two grass mixes [No. 1 — timothy (Phleum pratense L.), meadow fescue (Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.); No. 2 — tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.), meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem. and Schult.), reed canarygrass, and Kentucky bluegrass] under three N application rates at three sites over the first three post-seeding years. Legume species had little effect on most forage attributes mainly because of their low contribution to forage dry matter (DM) yield (<30%) in second and third years. The grass mix with tall fescue and meadow bromegrass (No. 2) yielded similar or slightly better than the one with timothy and meadow fescue (No. 1) but tended to have a greater neutral detergent fibre concentration, and lower N and total digestible nutrient concentrations. Nitrogen fertilization increased forage DM yield only in second and third years when the legume contribution to forage DM yield was <30%, and it increased N concentration and decreased nonstructural carbohydrate concentration. These results highlight the challenge of maintaining legume species in rotationally grazed pastures of eastern Canada and confirm recommendations of applying no or little N fertilizer on grazed legume–grass mixtures when the legume contribution to forage DM yield is >30%.
The $$\varOmega _{ c}$$-puzzle solved by means of quark model predictions
Authors: Santopinto E. , Giachino A. , Ferretti J. , García-Tecocoatzi H. , Bedolla M. A. , Bijker R. , Ortiz-Pacheco E.
Published: December 2019

The observation of five $$\varOmega _c $$Ωc= ssc states by LHCb [Aaij et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 182001
(2017)] and the confirmation of four of them by Belle [Yelton et al. Phys. Rev. D 97, 051102
(2018)], may represent an important milestone in our understanding of the quark organization inside hadrons. By providing results for the spectrum of $$\varOmega _{ c}$$Ωc baryons and predictions for their $$\varXi _{ c}^{+}K^{-}$$Ξc+K- and $$\varXi _{ c}'^{+}K^{-}$$Ξc′+K- decay amplitudes within an harmonic oscillator based model, we suggest a possible solution to the $$\varOmega _{c}$$Ωc quantum number puzzle and we extend our mass and decay width predictions to the $$\varOmega _b$$Ωb states. Finally, we discuss why the set of $$\varOmega _{ c(b)}$$Ωc(b) baryons is the most suitable environment to test the validity of three-quark and quark–diquark effective degrees of freedom.
Fault-Tolerant Maximal Local-Connectivity on Cayley Graphs Generated by Transpositions
Authors: Xu Liqiong , Zhou Shuming , Yang Weihua
Published: December 2019

An interconnection network is usually modeled as a graph, in which vertices and edges correspond to processors and communication links, respectively. Connectivity is an important metric for fault tolerance of interconnection networks. A graph [Formula: see text] is said to be maximally local-connected if each pair of vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are connected by [Formula: see text] vertex-disjoint paths. In this paper, we show that Cayley graphs generated by [Formula: see text]([Formula: see text]) transpositions are [Formula: see text]-fault-tolerant maximally local-connected and are also [Formula: see text]-fault-tolerant one-to-many maximally local-connected if their corresponding transposition generating graphs have a triangle, [Formula: see text]-fault-tolerant one-to-many maximally local-connected if their corresponding transposition generating graphs have no triangles. Furthermore, under the restricted condition that each vertex has at least two fault-free adjacent vertices, Cayley graphs generated by [Formula: see text]([Formula: see text]) transpositions are [Formula: see text]-fault-tolerant maximally local-connected if their corresponding transposition generating graphs have no triangles.
PREPARATION OF MnO2 NANOPARTICLES BY A SOLUTION BASED APPROACH FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITOR
Authors: SOAM ANKUR , KUMAR RAHUL
Published: December 2019

We report here the development of MnO2 nanostructure electrode for electrochemical energy storage application. MnO2 nanoparticles synthesized by a facile and efficient precipitation approach have been investigated for supercapacitor application. The structures and morphologies of MnO2 nanoparticles were systematically studied using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The synthesized nanoparticles are observed spherical in shape with uniform size distribution. The electrochemical properties were studied in two-electrode configuration by cyclic voltammetry process. A specific capacitance of 52.8[Formula: see text]F/g has been obtained for MnO2 nanoparticles at scan rate of 100[Formula: see text]mV/s. The electrode is able to deliver a power density of 0.66[Formula: see text]kW/kg and energy density of 1.8[Formula: see text]Wh/kg.
Local Overlapping Community Detection
Authors: Ni Li , Luo Wenjian , Zhu Wenjie , Hua Bei
Published: December 2019

Local community detection refers to finding the community that contains the given node based on local information, which becomes very meaningful when global information about the network is unavailable or expensive to acquire. Most studies on local community detection focus on finding non-overlapping communities. However, many real-world networks contain overlapping communities like social networks. Given an overlapping node that belongs to multiple communities, the problem is to find communities to which it belongs according to local information. We propose a framework for local overlapping community detection. The framework has three steps. First, find nodes in multiple communities to which the given node belongs. Second, select representative nodes from nodes obtained above, which tends to be in different communities. Third, discover the communities to which these representative nodes belong. In addition, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework, we implement six versions of this framework. Experimental results demonstrate that the six implementation versions outperform the other algorithms.
A Review on OLAP Technologies Applied to Information Networks
Authors: Queiroz-Sousa Paulo Orlando , Salgado Ana Carolina
Published: December 2019

Many real systems produce network data or highly interconnected data, which can be called information networks. These information networks form a critical component in modern information infrastructure, constituting a large graph data volume. The analysis of information network data covers several technological areas, among them OLAP technologies. OLAP is a technology that enables multi-dimensional and multi-level analysis on a large volume of data, providing aggregated data visualizations with different perspectives. This article presents a literature review on the main applications of OLAP technology in the analysis of information network data. To achieve such goal, it shows a systematic review to list the works that apply OLAP technologies in graph data. It defines seven comparison criteria (Materialization, Network, Selection, Aggregation, Model, OLAP Operations, Analytics) to qualify the works found based on their functionalities. The works are analyzed according to each criterion and discussed to identify trends and challenges in the application of OLAP in the information network.
Physical and functional interaction sites in cytoplasmic domains of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 channel subunits
Authors: Chen Jerri , Liu Zhenning , Creagh John , Zheng Renjian , McDonald Thomas V.
Published: December 2019

The cardiac potassium IKs current is carried by a channel complex formed from α-subunits encoded by KCNQ1 and β-subunits encoded by KCNE1. Deleterious mutations in either gene are associated with hereditary long QT syndrome. Interactions between the transmembrane domains of the α- and β-subunits determine the activation kinetics of IKs. A physical and functional interaction between COOH termini of the proteins has also been identified that impacts deactivation rate and voltage dependence of activation. We sought to explore the specific physical interactions between the COOH termini of the subunits that confer such control. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry narrowed down the region of interaction to KCNQ1 residues 352–374 and KCNE1 residues 70–81, and provided evidence of secondary structure within these segments. Key mutations of residues in these regions tended to shift voltage dependence of activation toward more depolarizing voltages. Double-mutant cycle analysis then revealed energetic coupling between KCNQ1-I368 and KCNE1-D76 during channel activation. Our results suggest that the proximal COOH-terminal regions of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 participate in a physical and functional interaction during channel opening that is sensitive to perturbation and may explain the clustering of long QT mutations in the region.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Interacting ion channel subunits KCNQ1 and KCNE1 have received intense investigation due to their critical importance to human cardiovascular health. This work uses physical (hydrogen/deuterium exchange with mass spectrometry) and functional (double-mutant cycle analyses) studies to elucidate precise and important areas of interaction between the two proteins in an area that has eluded structural definition of the complex. It highlights the importance of pathogenic mutations in these regions.
Mathematical model for β1-adrenergic regulation of the mouse ventricular myocyte contraction
Authors: Mullins Paula D. , Bondarenko Vladimir E.
Published: December 2019

The β1-adrenergic regulation of cardiac myocyte contraction plays an important role in regulating heart function. Activation of this system leads to an increased heart rate and stronger myocyte contraction. However, chronic stimulation of the β1-adrenergic signaling system can lead to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. To understand the mechanisms of action of β1-adrenoceptors, a mathematical model of cardiac myocyte contraction that includes the β1-adrenergic system was developed and studied. The model was able to simulate major experimental protocols for measurements of steady-state force-calcium relationships, cross-bridge release rate and force development rate, force-velocity relationship, and force redevelopment rate. It also reproduced quite well frequency and isoproterenol dependencies for intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) transients, total contraction force, and sarcomere shortening. The mathematical model suggested the mechanisms of increased contraction force and myocyte shortening on stimulation of β1-adrenergic receptors is due to phosphorylation of troponin I and myosin-binding protein C and increased [Ca2+]i transient resulting from activation of the β1-adrenergic signaling system. The model was used to simulate work-loop contractions and estimate the power during the cardiac cycle as well as the effects of 4-aminopyridine and tedisamil on the myocyte contraction. The developed mathematical model can be used further for simulations of contraction of ventricular myocytes from genetically modified mice and myocytes from mice with chronic cardiac diseases.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY A new mathematical model of mouse ventricular myocyte contraction that includes the β1-adrenergic system was developed. The model simulated major experimental protocols for myocyte contraction and predicted the effects of 4-aminopyridine and tedisamil on the myocyte contraction. The model also allowed for simulations of work-loop contractions and estimation of the power during the cardiac cycle.
Intrapelvic Femoral Head Dislocation without Associated Proximal Femur Fracture: A Case Report and Description of Closed Reduction Technique
Authors: Morris S. Craig , Wickramanayake Priyantha L. , Wilton Peter J. , Allen Jonathan L.
Published: December 2019

Traumatic hip dislocations are potentially devastating injuries, especially in young patients, and require emergent orthopedic treatment. Given the significant amount of energy required to cause these injuries, a high index of suspicion is necessary to identify related injuries. The associated injuries, direction of dislocation, and time between injury and reduction represent the known prognostic factors, based on limited available research. Intrapelvic hip dislocations represent an uncommon variant of the traumatic hip dislocation, with all previously reported cases involving ipsilateral proximal femur fractures. We present a case of intrapelvic femoral head dislocation without an associated proximal femur fracture, as well as the maneuvers used to treat the patient via a closed reduction.
Multiparameter-Based Fuzzy Logic Health Index Assessment for Oil-Immersed Power Transformers
Authors: Mharakurwa Edwell Tafara , Goboza Rutendo
Published: December 2019

The health index scheme can be the most fundamental tool that unifies all transformer condition status information into a singular outcome, thereby enhancing the power transformer asset management and life longevity strategies. This study aims at establishing a multiple parameter-dependent transformer health index estimation model cascaded with a fuzzy logic inference system. This strategy is centered on the effect of dynamic loading regime, varying hotspot temperatures and multiple attesting results of the insulation system. Furthermore, a nonintrusive degree of polymerization (DP) model based on furans and carbon oxide ratios as DP pointers is also factored in developing the health index model. The general outcome of the health index depends on entirely considered elements, but not on any isolated attribute. Data obtained from in-service transformers were used to validate the proposed model. The outcome of the model mirrors the practical condition of the evaluated transformers. Therefore, the proposed health index model can be a vital tool to asset managers and power utilities.
On the Elevated Temperature, Tensile Properties of Al-Cu Cast Alloys: Role of Heat Treatment
Authors: Girgis A. , Samuel A. M. , Doty H. W. , Valtierra S. , Samuel F. H.
Published: December 2019

The present study aims to investigate the mechanical properties of a newly developed aluminum Al-6.5% Cu-based alloy, coded HT200, as well as to determine how these properties can be further improved using grain refinement and heat treatment. As a result, the effects of different heat treatments and alloying additions on the ambient and high-temperature tensile properties were examined. Three alloys were selected for this study: (i) the base HT200 alloy (coded A), (ii) the base HT200 alloy containing 0.15% Ti + 0.15% Zr (coded B), and (iii) the base HT200 alloy containing 0.15% Ti + 0.15% Zr + 0.5%Ag (coded C). The properties of the three HT200 alloys were compared with those of 319 and 356 alloys (coded D and E, respectively), subjected to the same heat treatment conditions. The results obtained show the optimum high-temperature tensile properties and Q-values for the five alloys of interest, along with the corresponding heat treatment conditions associated with these properties. It was found that the T6 heat-treated alloy B was the optimum alloy in terms of properties obtained, with values comparable to those of commercial B319.0 and A356.0 alloys.
Innovación Social en Chile: una mirada desde la Empresa
Authors: Geldes Cristian , Ibáñez Fabricio , Cabaleiro Goretti
Published: December 2019

Frente a la creciente complejidad de los problemas sociales y de sustentabilidad de la sociedad moderna, han surgido distintas innovaciones sociales para generar soluciones a problemas que no son eficazmente atendidos por el sistema político-administrativo y económico. Este esfuerzo ha surgido especialmente desde la sociedad civil, representada en gran parte por organizaciones no gubernamentales. A este esfuerzo, el mundo empresarial no ha estado ajeno, y en forma creciente empieza a vislumbrarse su interés por contribuir al desarrollo social. Dado lo anterior, este artículo busca analizar el desarrollo de la innovación social en las empresas en Chile, haciendo referencia al concepto y describiendo la situación actual
El proceso creativo en las pequeñas y medianas empresas
Authors: Castillo Mauricio
Published: December 2019

Chile está experimentando profundos cambios sociales. Son diversos los actores que están reflexionando sobre el futuro. Respecto a las empresas, durante mucho tiempo hemos inculcado que el fin último de estas es maximizar las utilidades de los accionistas, pero en esta mirada, es posible que se vean afectados o descuidados otros elementos de la sociedad. Entonces, este momento es una oportunidad para transformar y renovar también, el como hacer las cosas en las empresas, particularmente aquellas más vulnerables como son las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pyme).
Innovando los modelos de negocios en tiempos de cambios acelerados
Authors: Pino César
Published: December 2019

La cuarta revolución industrial impone nuevos desafíos a las organizaciones que buscan consolidarse en los mercados donde ofrecen sus productos o servicios, o bien, que buscan abrirse hacia nuevos mercados más allá de sus fronteras. La competencia global se da en un escenario muy diferente al del final del siglo anterior. Los avances en el campo de la inteligencia artificial, el diseño 3D, big data, robótica y ciberseguridad, así como la consolidación de tendencias en los mercados como el uso eficiente de los recursos naturales y la incorporación de tecnologías amigables con el ambiente; han obligado a que las organizaciones repiensen sus estrategias corporativas desde modelos tradicionales (liderazgo en costo de Porter) hacia perspectivas donde la innovación juegue un rol protagónico.
Las indicaciones geográficas y sellos de origen agroalimentarios como alternativa de Innovación y desarrollo territorial
Authors: Chacana Ojeda Marcelo , Yañez Castro Guillermo
Published: December 2019

La literatura es prolifica en evidencias empíricas y ejemplos donde las las indicaciones geográficas y sellos de origen agroalimentarios son alternativas para la Innovación y desarrollo territorial, sin embargo el establecimiento de una indicacion geográfica o sello de origen, por si sola no garantiza el desarrollo de innovaciones y el desarrollo de un territorio y la calidad de vidad de sus habitantes y actores. Estos esfuerzos deben considerar una robusta estrategia de diferenciación vinculo     producto - territorio, la que debe considerar sus dinámicas territoriales,  los factores relativos a estas dinámicas deben poner en valor y pontenciar las capacidades de acción colectiva local, como elemento central de la estrategia a desarrollar, dichas capacidades resultan imprescindibles para la adecuada gestión y uso del sello, como condición necesaria para poder alcanzar el éxito comercial y sostenibilidad en el tiempo.
The Matrisome during Aging and Longevity: A Systems-Level Approach toward Defining Matreotypes Promoting Healthy Aging
Authors: Ewald Collin Yvès
Published: December 2019

Accumulation of damage is generally considered the cause of aging. Interventions that delay aging mobilize mechanisms that protect and repair cellular components. Consequently, research has been focused on studying the protective and homeostatic mechanisms within cells. However, in humans and other multicellular organisms, cells are surrounded by extracellular matrices (ECMs), which are important for tissue structure, function, and intercellular communication. During aging, components of the ECM become damaged through fragmentation, glycation, crosslinking, and accumulation of protein aggregation, all of which contribute to age-related pathologies. Interestingly, placing senescent cells into a young ECM rejuvenates them. Furthermore, we found that many longevity-assurances pathways reactivate de novo synthesis of ECM proteins during aging. This raises the question of what constitutes a young ECM to reverse aging or maintain health? In order to make inroads to answering this question, I suggest a systems-level approach of quantifying the matrisome or ECM compositions reflecting health, pathology, or phenotype and propose a novel term, the “matreotype,” to describe this. The matreotype is defined as the composition and modification of ECM or matrisome proteins associated with or caused by a phenotype, such as longevity, or a distinct and acute physiological state, as observed during aging or disease. Every cell type produces its unique ECM. Intriguingly, cancer-cell types can even be identified based on their unique ECM composition. Thus, the matreotype reflects cellular identity and physiological status. Defined matreotypes could be used as biomarkers or prognostic factors for disease or health status during aging with potential relevance for personalized medicine. Treatment with biologics that alter ECM-to-cell mechanotransduction might be a strategy to reverse age-associated pathologies. An understanding of how to reverse from an old to a young matreotype might point toward novel strategies to rejuvenate cells and help maintain tissue homeostasis to promote health during aging.
Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis Mimicking Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Rafael Maria Ana , Martins Figueiredo Luísa , Oliveira Ana Maria , Nuno Costa Mariana , Theias Manso Rita , Martins Alexandra
Published: December 2019

We present the case of a 24-year-old woman with complaints of abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and weight loss for 3 months. An outpatient colonoscopy revealed scattered ulcers, suggestive of Crohn’s disease (CD). Histopathology also favored the diagnosis of CD. However, after admission to our hospital for further investigation, a chest radiograph revealed pulmonary cavitations. A computed tomography scan suggested the diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, a bronchofibroscopy, a total colonoscopy with ileoscopy, and an upper endoscopy were performed. Not only were acid-fast bacilli present in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and gastric juice, but also in colonic biopsies. A complete resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms was achieved 2 weeks after starting anti-TB drugs.
Microvasculature Changes of Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization and the Predictive Value of Feeder Vessel Disappearance after Ranibizumab Treatment Revealed Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Giorno Paola , Iacono Pierluigi , Scarinci Fabio , Di Renzo Antonio , Varano Monica , Parravano Mariacristina
Published: December 2019

Aim: To investigate vascular changes of myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) after ranibizumab treatment using optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCTA). Methods: Consecutive subjects with a diagnosis of mCNV were included. Patients underwent intravitreal injection of ranibizumab treatment with a 6-month follow-up. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination and OCTA evaluation. The 3 × 3 OCTA en face images were analyzed for the absence/presence of mCNV, CNV area, and CNV network morphology. In particular, the morphology of the mCNV was analyzed in order to detect the presence/absence of feeder vessels. Results: Eleven subjects were evaluated. At baseline, the mCNV was identified in all cases on OCTA. At 6 months, the mean mCNV area was not statically significantly reduced in comparison with baseline values (p > 0.05), while the morphologic analysis revealed a complete disappearance of the feeder vessel in 6 eyes. The subgroup analysis of these latter showed that the CNV area was significantly reduced, visual acuity had improved, and only one intravitreal injection was administrated over the entire follow-up period. Conclusions: OCTA allowed the detection of qualitative and quantitative vascular changes in mCNV. The disappearance of the feeder vessel was associated with better anatomical as well as functional outcomes at the last follow-up visit.
РАЦІОНАЛЬНА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ КОСМЕТОЛОГІЧНОГО ДОГЛЯДУ ЗА ШКІРОЮ ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ВУГРОВОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ З УРАХУВАННЯМ РОЛІ СТРЕСОВОГО ЧИННИКА
Authors: Baybarak M. V.
Published: December 2019

У статті проаналізовано поширеність вугрової хвороби та вплив стресу на стан шкіри.
ПИТАННЯ ПІДГОТОВКИ ТА ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ЛІЦЕНЗІЙНОГО ІСПИТУ «КРОК М. СЕСТРИНСЬКА СПРАВА»
Authors: Demydenko V. I.
Published: December 2019

У вступній частині статті визначено мету проведення ліцензійного тестування. Вказано основні види контролю знань, які використовують в медичному училищі. Викладено заходи, які вживають в навчальному закладі з метою підвищення якості освіти та підготовки до ліцензійного іспиту «Крок М. Сестринська справа».
ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ГРУПОВОГО НАВЧАННЯ З ЗАСТОСУВАННЯМ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У СТРУКТУРІ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЙНИХ ЗАХОДІВ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ЦУКРОВИМ ДІАБЕТОМ 2 ТИПУ
Authors: Smachylo A. I. , Ivasykevych L. I. , Kachun O. M. , Matviyіv L. F.
Published: December 2019

Сьогодення вимагає трансформації формату медицини та нових підходів до взаємовідносин лікаря/медсестри і пацієнта, адже у повсякденному житті реальність все більше пронизує інтернет. Співпраця медика та хворого повинна ґрунтуватись на необхідності залучення останнього у процес лікування, перетворення його у партнера, який бере участь у реалізації важливого особистого проекту – одужання. Метою роботи було дослідження ефективності використання групових освітніх програм із застосуванням інноваційних технологій (встановлення програм і додатків на смартфонах, занять он-лайн через скайп-звʼязок та ін.) у структурі реабілітаційних заходів у хворих на цукровий діабет (ЦД) 2 типу. Застосовано практику групових занять з кількома пацієнтами з однією патологією, подібних за віком, особливостями перебігу хвороби, бажанням пацієнта. Метою навчання у створених групах було формування нових психологічних установок, досягнення максимальної кількості хворих, мотивованих на одужання, покращення свого загального стану, досягнення стійких кращих клініко-метаболічних показників, внесення змін у розвиток та прогресування ускладнень ЦД, покращення якості життя. Після закінчення школи виявлено значне зростання відсотка пацієнтів із високою інформованістю про власну хворобу, підвищенням готовності до виконання рекомендацій лікаря/медсестри, що свідчить про ефективність таких групових освітніх програм.
НЕІНФЕКЦІЙНА ЕПІДЕМІЯ ЦУКРОВОГО ДІАБЕТУ
Authors: Rak S. O.
Published: December 2019

У статті наведено статистичні дані про цукровий діабет у світі та в Україні в цілому. Що таке цукровий діабет та його клінічні прояви.
Outcomes and Anticoagulation Use After Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Freeman James V. , Shrader Peter , Pieper Karen S. , Allen Larry A. , Chan Paul S. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Gersh Bernard J. , Kowey Peter R. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Naccarelli Gerald , Reiffel James A. , Singer Daniel E. , Go Alan S. , Hylek Elaine M. , Steinberg Benjamin A. , Peterson Eric D. , Piccini Jonathan P. ,   *On behalf of the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) I & II Investigators and Patients
Published: December 2019

Background:

Studies evaluating the effects of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic therapy on outcomes have shown mixed results. In addition, guidelines recommend continuing oral anticoagulation (OAC) after ablation for those at risk of stroke, but real-world data are lacking.

Methods:

We evaluated outcomes including death, myocardial infarction, stroke or systemic embolism, intracranial bleeding, major bleeding, and hospitalization in patients undergoing AF ablation compared with a propensity score matched cohort of patients treated with anti-arrhythmic medications only in the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation registries. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to evaluate the association between AF ablation and outcomes. We then evaluated patterns of treatment with OAC among AF ablation patients.

Results:

Among 21 595 patients, 1190 (6%) underwent de novo AF ablation. Our propensity score-matched cohort included 1087 patients who underwent AF ablation matched 1:1 with 1087 patients treated with antiarrhythmic medications only. There were no significant differences in the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death, and most other major adverse cardiovascular and neurological events. AF catheter ablation was associated with an increased risk of all-cause hospitalization during follow-up (hazard ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.05–1.46]), particularly in the first 3 months (the standard blanking period) after the procedure. Among those who underwent AF ablation with a CHA
2
DS
2
VASc score ≥2 for men and ≥3 for women, 23% had OAC discontinued after ablation. Among those who discontinued OAC, the median time to discontinuation was 6.2 months.

Conclusions:

In this large US national registry, we found no difference in adjusted rates of cardiovascular or all-cause death between patients treated with AF catheter ablation and antiarrhythmic medications only. Notably, discontinuation of OAC after ablation remains relatively common despite guideline recommendations for continued stroke prevention therapy in patients at risk of stroke.
Collaborative Regulation of LRG1 by TGF-β1 and PPAR-β/δ Modulates Chronic Pressure Overload–Induced Cardiac Fibrosis
Authors: Liu Chenghao , Lim Seok Ting , Teo Melissa Hui Yen , Tan Michelle Si Ying , Kulkarni Madhura Dattatraya , Qiu Beiying , Li Amy , Lal Sean , dos Remedios Cristobal G. , Tan Nguan Soon , Wahli Walter , Ferenczi Michael Alan , Song Weihua , Hong Wanjin , Wang Xiaomeng
Published: December 2019

Background:

Despite its established significance in fibrotic cardiac remodeling, clinical benefits of global inhibition of TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 signaling remain controversial. LRG1 (leucine-rich-α2 glycoprotein 1) is known to regulate endothelial TGFβ signaling. This study evaluated the role of LRG1 in cardiac fibrosis and its transcriptional regulatory network in cardiac fibroblasts.

Methods:

Pressure overload–induced heart failure was established by transverse aortic constriction. Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression level and pattern of interested targets or pathology during fibrotic cardiac remodeling. Cardiac function was assessed by pressure-volume loop analysis.

Results:

LRG1 expression was significantly suppressed in left ventricle of mice with transverse aortic constriction–induced fibrotic cardiac remodeling (mean difference, −0.00085 [95% CI, −0.0013 to −0.00043];
P
=0.005) and of patients with end-stage ischemic-dilated cardiomyopathy (mean difference, 0.13 [95% CI, 0.012–0.25];
P
=0.032). More profound cardiac fibrosis (mean difference, −0.014% [95% CI, −0.029% to −0.00012%];
P
=0.048 for interstitial fibrosis; mean difference, −1.3 [95% CI, −2.5 to −0.2];
P
=0.016 for perivascular fibrosis), worse cardiac dysfunction (mean difference, −2.5 ms [95% CI, −4.5 to −0.4 ms];
P
=0.016 for Tau-g; mean difference, 13% [95% CI, 2%–24%];
P
=0.016 for ejection fraction), and hyperactive TGFβ signaling in transverse aortic constriction–operated
Lrg1
-deficient mice (mean difference, −0.27 [95% CI, −0.47 to −0.07];
P
<0.001), which could be reversed by cardiac-specific
Lrg1
delivery mediated by adeno-associated virus 9. Mechanistically, LRG1 inhibits cardiac fibroblast activation by competing with TGFβ1 for receptor binding, while PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor)-β/δ and TGFβ1 collaboratively regulate
LRG1
expression via SMRT (silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor). We further demonstrated functional interactions between LRG1 and PPARβ/δ in cardiac fibroblast activation.

Conclusions:

Our results established a highly complex molecular network involving LRG1, TGFβ1, PPARβ/δ, and SMRT in regulating cardiac fibroblast activation and cardiac fibrosis. Targeting LRG1 or PPARβ/δ represents a promising strategy to control pathological cardiac remodeling in response to chronic pressure overload.