bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Piezohirurška ekspanzija alveolarnih grebenova u svrhu imedijatne ugradnje dentalnih implantata
Authors: Tanasković Nenad , Lučić Miroslav , Popović Ranko
Published: July 2016

Uvod. Dugogodišnja bezubost dovodi do znatne atrofije alveolarnih grebenovašto zbrinjavanje ove bezubosti dentalnim implantatima čini velikim izazovom.Kod pacijenata koji bi bezubost rešavali implantatima, a volumen kosti to nedozvoljava, najčešće se predlaže korekcija grebena vođenom koštanom regeneracijomili slobodnim koštanim transplantatima. Širenje grebenova u svrhupripreme ležišta za prijem implantata predstavlja praktično jedinu opciju zaimedijatno zbrinjavanje ovih pacijenata, a to je uz poštedu koštanih strukturabilo praktično nemoguće do pojave piezo uređaja. Cilj rada je bio ispitatiefekte primene piezohirurških osteotomija i širenja grebenova dletom kakobi se dobio odgovarajući prostor za imedijatnu implantaciju kod pacijenatakoji nisu prihvatili predloženu rekonstrukciju uskih grebenova slobodnimkoštanim transplantatima.Metode. Tretirana su 32 pacijenta, 18 žena i 14 muškaraca prosečne starosti 40godina. Svim pacijentima je kao jedino rešenje za korekciju uskih grebenovapredložena rekonstrukcija slobodnim koštanim transplantatima što su oniodbili. Plasirano je 96 implantata prečnika 3,3 mm i 3,6 mm i dužine 10 mmi 12 mm, od toga 64 u gornjoj vilici i 32 u donjoj vilici. Svim pacijentima je upripremnom periodu urađen ortopantomogram i konbim kompjuterizovanatomografija, kako bi se, pre svega, konstatovalo da li između čvrstih koštanihlamela postoji spongioza.Rezultati. Ukupan zbir dobijenih širina nakon osteotomija merenih kaliperomje bio od 5 do 7 mm, sa srednjom vrednošću od 6 mm. Gubitak visine alveolarnekosti je prema Buzerovim kriterijumima bio 0,81±0,31 mm mezijalno i0,67±0,37 mm distalno nakon tri meseca i 0,89±0,22 mm mezijalno i 0,74±0,20mm distalno nakon šest meseci.Zaključak. Primenom piezo hirurgije, kombinovanom sa odgovarajućimosteotomijama i širenjem alveolarnih grebenova, omogućena je imedijatna,jednofazna implantacija u područjima u kojima je to pre pojave ove tehnikebilo nemoguće sprovesti.
Future Development Trends in Nursing / Smer razvoja zdravstvene nege u budućnosti
Authors: Skela Savič Brigita
Published: July 2016

In the future, nursing will have to be characterized by transparency in self-regulation, it will have to be implemented and presented as a discipline solidly based on scientific evidence. The key elements of achieving these goals include having relevant knowledge, being informed, following the latest research evidence, the ability to appear in front of nursing professionals and the lay public, own research work, inclusion in EU researches and international collaboration with recognized EU decision-makers. Above all, nursing professionals will have to define their work, critically evaluate the competences of nursing as a profession and allocate existing resources. Nurses are expected to assume responsibility for new roles in health care provision, but the guidelines for doing so must be laid out by the state, professional associations and senior management of health care institutions and educational institutions. Managers should insist on and create conditions for reflection of professional work, critical thinking, gathering of information on similar issues in professional and scientific publications, as well as clearly define nursing issues and solve them in cooperation with the research settings. A National Research Center should be established and the responsibility of doing this lies with the Nurses and Midwives Association of Slovenia. Finally, managers of health care institutions should start planning research and development departments.
Ethical dilemmas in nursing practice / Etičke dileme u sestrinskoj praksi
Authors: Gajić Veselka
Published: July 2016

Contrary to the laws governing the legal duties of health workers and punish their violation of ethical norms are not clearly defined laws, but commonly prescribe appropriate codes. In the Federation B i H, as well as the Republiika  Srpska formal codes of which were developed by the International Code of ethics of nurses. Negative trends in society have made to the medicine under the influence of various factors in the first place money, turned into a fertile ground for individuals to prove himself. Where we often neglect the true value of human achievement, but the stress and adopt values based on statistical results. In the race for the continuous improvement and studying health care workers, and everyone else, neglect respecting the needs and values of people. The position of nurses in relation to ethical issues is very ambiguous, located between opposing attitudes and expectations. Although required independent action and independent thinking, to once again request the cooperation and approval of others. Nurses are more and more considered as employees, rather than professionals with a clearly defined mission and professional activities. The official stance is sometimes more appreciated than ethically responsible execution of their duties. The task of every health care professional is to achieve the highest ethical standards of professional conduct and to motivate such behavior colleagues and associates.
Importance of educating patients in the control and treatment of diabetes / Značaj edukacije oboljelih u kontroli i liječenju dijabetesa
Authors: Lipovac Sanela
Published: July 2016

Unregulated diabetes has resulted in a large number of disabilities caused by damage to the eyes, kidneys, feet, and heart. In this regard, it is important to control diabetes, achieved good education.Education is a continuous process that improves the quality of life of patients.It involves a change of lifestyle.Overall training program about living with diabetes is conducted during a five-day stay at the clinic in groups of 6 participants.The goal: psychological adaptation and acceptance of the disease. One of the goals is to increase patients’autonomy in controlling their disease, and the prevention and delay of the occurrence of chronic complications.Set goals together patients and those educators (nurse, doctor and psychologist).The task of educators is that the guidelines to patients, and patients that these guidelines are applied in life.During group education, people gain a sense of belonging to a group of people who have similar or the same problems.This reduces the sense of psychological tension and contributes to relaxation and better concentration. In preparing the group takes into account that students have roughly the same interests and education, and that there is an age difference.Program of education should include all the basic information about diabetes, its treatment, nutrition, acute and chronic complications, self-control and physical activity.For the successful implementation of education, we need qualified educators, the necessary resources and materials.
The lack of professionalism and ethics in the treatment of an elderly patient / Nedostatak profesionalizma i etike u tretmanu starijeg pacijenta
Authors: Ivanković Zrnić Tatjana
Published: July 2016

An apparent decline in the birth rate that accompanies the aging population with prolonged life expectancy requires greater investment in the health care of the elderly. It is necessary to identify the conditions that naturally carries the older times, expect a slower recovery in comparison to young people, but do not exclude recovery in treatment.In practice we often encounter indifference and neglect of an elderly patient by the medical staff, the assumption is that this is justified by insufficiently motivated patient.Searching PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar and HINARI, we analyzed how this topic is present in nivioma protects the health and recognizing the importance of personalized care for older patients in the world.The results of many studies indicate that there is a neglect of elderly patients, resulting in poor outcome of care.Requires additional training of staff working with elderly patients to improving attitudes and extreme improve the treatment of these patients.Negative attitudes towards older patients contribute to business dissatisfaction medical staff.
Preventive dental work with children of preschool age / Preventivni stomatološki rad sa djecom predškolskog uzrasta
Authors: Latinović Miljević Milica
Published: July 2016

Caries is today regardless of the knowledge of causes, and opportunities for prevention is still the most widespread disease of our civilization, a global problem. Treatment of caries and other oral diseases, due to the high price of dental services, is not only health but also social and economic problem. Caries prevention should begin in early childhood age, the promotion of all forms of promoting oral health. In order to take appropriate measures, it is necessary to investigate the state of oral health. In our study, we examined the condition of teeth in preschool children with milk teeth age 3 or 4 years and children with permanent teeth, age 6 years. With that examined the condition of teeth in pregnant women and conducted surveys on knowledge of prevention of oral health.The systematic examination included 654 child ages 3 and 4 years and found that 250 of them (38%) have carious milk teeth. In the group of 105-year-olds it was noted that 32 of them (30.47%) have healthy teeth (milk and permanent). Carious permanent teeth was 7 (2.18%) of the total erupted 321, while carious milk was in 77 children (73.3%).The analysis of systematic reviews 52 pregnant women, it was noted that 50% of respondents, has no awareness of oral health during pregnancy. Total decayed in all the examined 187 has extracted 118, rehabilitated 348thThe results of our research indicate a high prevalence of diseases of the teeth. Prevention programs and comprehensive health education, through a long period of time can bring adequate improvement of oral health. In these programs, it is necessary to actively participate on the entire population with the support of the wider community.
Prevencija infekcija operativnog mjesta (IOM)
Authors: Perić Biljana , Stanisavić-Šimić Jadranka , Trifunović Silvana
Published: July 2016

AKTUELNE TEME
Wiz binds active promoters and CTCF-binding sites and is required for normal behaviour in the mouse
Authors: Isbel Luke , Prokopuk Lexie , Wu Haoyu , Daxinger Lucia , Oey Harald , Spurling Alex , Lawther Adam J , Hale Matthew W , Whitelaw Emma
Published: July 2016

We previously identified Wiz in a mouse screen for epigenetic modifiers. Due to its known association with G9a/GLP, Wiz is generally considered a transcriptional repressor. Here, we provide evidence that it may also function as a transcriptional activator. Wiz levels are high in the brain, but its function and direct targets are unknown. ChIP-seq was performed in adult cerebellum and Wiz peaks were found at promoters and transcription factor CTCF binding sites. RNA-seq in Wiz mutant mice identified genes differentially regulated in adult cerebellum and embryonic brain. In embryonic brain most decreased in expression and included clustered protocadherin genes. These also decreased in adult cerebellum and showed strong Wiz ChIP-seq enrichment. Because a precise pattern of protocadherin gene expression is required for neuronal development, behavioural tests were carried out on mutant mice, revealing an anxiety-like phenotype. This is the first evidence of a role for Wiz in neural function.
Low interfacial trap density and high-temperature thermal stability in atomic layer deposited single crystal Y2O3/n-GaAs(001)
Authors: Lin Yen-Hsun , Fu Chien-Hua , Lin Keng-Yung , Chen Kuan-Hsiung , Chang Tsong-Wen , Kwo J. Raynien , Hong Minghwei
Published: July 2016

A low interfacial trap density (D
it) of 2.2 × 1011 eV−1 cm−2 has been achieved with an atomic layer deposited (ALD) single crystal Y2O3 epitaxially on n-GaAs(001), along with a small frequency dispersion of 10.3% (2.6%/decade) at the accumulation region in the capacitance–voltage (C–V) curves. The D
it and frequency dispersion in the C–V curves in this work are the lowest among all of the reported ALD-oxides on n-type GaAs(001). The D
it was measured using the conductance–voltage (G–V) and quasi-static C–V (QSCV) methods. Moreover, the heterostructure was thermally stable with rapid annealing at 900 °C under various durations in He and N2, which has not been achieved in the heterostructures of ALD-Al2O3 or HfO2 on GaAs.
Development of a scanning nanopipette probe microscope for fine processing using atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Morimatsu Daisuke , Sugimoto Hiromitsu , Nakamura Atsushi , Ogino Akihisa , Nagatsu Masaaki , Iwata Futoshi
Published: July 2016

We developed a novel technique for fine material processing based on a localized atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) using a scanning probe microscope equipped with a nanopipette. Using a nanopipette — a tapered glass capillary with an aperture of sub-micrometer diameter — as a nozzle makes it possible to localize the discharge area of the APPJ for fine surface processing. The nanopipette can also be used as a probe for a scanning probe microscope operated with shear-force feedback control, which is capable of positioning the pipette edge in the vicinity of material surfaces for APPJ processing and imaging of the processed surface. Sub-micrometer holes and line patterns were successfully processed on a photoresist film. It was possible to control the size of the processed patterns by varying the applied pulse voltage and the distance between the pipette and the surface.
Temperature dependence of Peierls–Hubbard phase transition in [Pd(cptn)2Br]Br2 studied by scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Hosomi Yuka , Yoshida Shoji , Taninaka Atsushi , Yoshida Takefumi , Takaishi Shinya , Takeuchi Osamu , Yamashita Masahiro , Shigekawa Hidemi
Published: July 2016

The temperature dependence of the Peierls–Hubbard phase transition in [Pd(cptn)2Br]Br2 (cptn: 1R,2R-diaminocyclopentane) was directly observed using a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope. A short ligand without alkyl chains was used to form a rigid crystal lattice to reduce the effect of structural changes in the crystal with temperature. The hysteresis in the temperature dependence of the ratio between the areas of the charge density wave (CDW) state produced by the PdII–PdIV mixed-valence state and the Mott–Hubbard (MH) state with a PdIII-averaged valence state which is a characteristic of the first-order phase transition, was directly observed at the atomic scale. Pinning of the CDW phase by defects was observed below the critical temperature, suggesting the growth of the CDW phase with defects as nuclei.
The Strengths of Young People Who Are Homeless
Authors: Roebuck Benjamin S. , Roebuck Maryann M.
Published: July 2016

Researchers examined how young people who are homeless conceptualize and interact with challenging circumstances, adopting a human agency focus rooted in the constructionist model of resilience. Thirty-five young people who were homeless in Ottawa participated in in-depth interviews and/or focus groups. Participants reflected upon their strategic decision-making and described how they solved problems in the midst of adversity, planned for the future, consciously altered their identities, and balanced the costs of engaging in certain behaviours. A constructionist approach to resilience allowed for insight into behaviour that is often seen as risky or outside social norms.
Efficient monitoring of protein ubiquitylation levels using TUBEs‐based microarrays
Authors: Serna Sonia , Xolalpa Wendy , Lang Valérie , Aillet Fabienne , England Patrick , Reichardt Niels , Rodriguez Manuel S.
Published: July 2016

Analyzing protein ubiquitylation changes during physiological or pathological processes is challenging due to its high reversibility and dynamic turnover of modified targets. We have developed a protein microarray to assess endogenous ubiquitylation levels from cell cultures, employing tandem ubiquitin‐binding entities (TUBEs) with three or four ubiquitin‐associated (UBA) domains as capture probes. Adriamycin (ADR)‐stimulated MCF7 cells were used to differentiate protein ubiquitylation levels between cells that are sensitive or resistant to ADR treatment. We show that TUBEs‐based microarrays can be used for the analysis of cellular processes regulated by ubiquitylation and for the detection of pathologies with aberrant ubiquitylation levels.
West Florida shelf upwelling: Origins and pathways
Authors: Weisberg Robert H. , Zheng Lianyuan , Liu Yonggang
Published: July 2016

Often described as oligotrophic, the west Florida continental shelf supports abundant fisheries, experiences blooms of the harmful alga, Karenia brevis, and exhibits subsurface chlorophyll maxima evident in shipboard and glider surveys. Renewal of inorganic nutrients by the upwelling of deeper ocean water onto the shelf may account for this, but what are the origins and pathways by which such new water may broach the shelf break and advance toward the shoreline? We address these questions via numerical model simulations of pseudo‐Lagrangian, isopycnic water parcel trajectories. Focus is on 2010, when the west Florida shelf was subjected to an anomalously protracted period of upwelling caused by Gulf of Mexico Loop Current interactions with the shelf slope. Origins and pathways are determined by integrating trajectories over successive 45 day intervals, beginning from different locations along the shelf break and at various locations and depths along the shelf slope. Waters upwelling across the shelf break are found to originate from relatively shallow depths along the shelf slope. Even for the anomalous 2010 year, much of this upwelling occurs from about 150 m and above, although waters may broach the shelf break from 300 m depth, particularly in the Florida Panhandle. Such interannual renewal of west Florida shelf waters appears to have profound effects on west Florida shelf ecology.
Controls on the distribution of deep‐sea sediments
Authors: Dutkiewicz A. , O'Callaghan S. , Müller R. D.
Published: July 2016

Deep‐sea sediments represent the largest geological deposit on Earth and provide a record of our planet's response to conditions at the sea surface from where the bulk of material originates. We use a machine learning method to analyze how the distribution of 14,400 deep‐sea sediment sample lithologies is connected to bathymetry and surface oceanographic parameters. Our probabilistic Gaussian process classifier shows that the geographic occurrence of five major lithologies in the world's ocean can be predicted using just three parameters. Sea‐surface salinity and temperature provide a major control for the growth and composition of plankton and specific ranges are also associated with the influx of non‐aerosol terrigenous material into the ocean, while bathymetry is an important parameter for discriminating the occurrence of calcareous sediment, clay and coarse lithogenous sediment from each other. We find that calcareous and siliceous oozes are not linked to high surface productivity. Diatom and radiolarian oozes are associated with low salinities at the surface but with discrete ranges of temperatures, reflecting the diversity of planktonic species in different climatic zones. Biosiliceous sediments cannot be used to infer paleodepth, but are good indicators of paleotemperature and paleosalinity. Our analysis provides a new framework for constraining paleosurface ocean environments from the geological record of deep‐sea sediments. It shows that small shifts in salinity and temperature significantly affect the lithology of seafloor sediment. As deep‐sea sediments represent the largest carbon sink on Earth these shifts need to be considered in the context of global ocean warming.
The onset of laboratory earthquakes explained by nucleating rupture on a rate‐and‐state fault
Authors: Kaneko Yoshihiro , Nielsen Stefan B. , Carpenter Brett M.
Published: July 2016

Precursory aseismic slip lasting days to months prior to the initiation of earthquakes has been inferred from seismological observations. Similar precursory slip phenomena have also been observed in laboratory studies of shear rupture nucleation on frictional interfaces. However, the mechanisms that govern rupture nucleation, even in idealized laboratory settings, have been widely debated. Here we show that a numerical model incorporating rate‐and‐state friction laws and elastic continuum can reproduce the behaviors of rupture nucleation seen in laboratory experiments. In particular, we find that both in laboratory experiments and simulations with a wide range of normal stresses, the nucleation consists of two distinct phases: initial slow propagation phase and faster acceleration phase, both of which are likely aseismic processes, followed by dynamic rupture propagation that radiates seismic waves. The distance at which the rupture transitions from the initial slow phase to the acceleration phase can be roughly predicted by a theoretical estimate of critical nucleation length. Our results further show that the critical nucleation length depends on the background loading rate. In addition, our analysis suggests that critical nucleation length and breakdown power derived from the Griffith crack energy balance control the scaling of nucleating ruptures. Moreover, the background loading rate and loading configuration significantly affect the rupture propagation speed. Furthermore, if the same nucleation mechanism applies to natural faults, the migration speed of foreshocks triggered by the propagation of slow rupture within the nucleation zone would depend on the effective normal stress and hence fluid pressure in the fault zone.
Stable reconstruction of Arctic sea level for the 1950–2010 period
Authors: Limkilde Svendsen Peter , Andersen Ole B. , Aasbjerg Nielsen Allan
Published: July 2016

Reconstruction of historical Arctic sea level is generally difficult due to the limited coverage and quality of both tide gauge and altimetry data in the area. Here a strategy to achieve a stable and plausible reconstruction of Arctic sea level from 1950 to today is presented. This work is based on the combination of tide gauge records and a new 20 year reprocessed satellite altimetry‐derived sea level pattern. Hence, the study is limited to the area covered by satellite altimetry (68°N and 82°N). It is found that time step cumulative reconstruction as suggested by Church and White (2011) may yield widely variable results and is difficult to stabilize due to the many gaps in both tide gauge and satellite data. A more robust sea level reconstruction approach is to use datum adjustment of the tide gauges in combination with satellite altimetry, as described by Ray and Douglas (2011). In this approach, a datum‐fit of each tide gauges is used and the method takes into account the entirety of each tide gauge record. This makes the Arctic sea level reconstruction much less prone to drifting. From our reconstruction, we found that the Arctic mean sea level trend is around 1.5 mm ± 0.3 mm/yr for the period 1950–2010, between 68°N and 82°N. This value is in good agreement with the global mean trend of 1.8 ± 0.3 mm/yr over the same period as found by Church and White (2004).
An observations and model‐based analysis of meridional transports in the South Atlantic
Authors: Majumder Sudip , Schmid Claudia , Halliwell George
Published: July 2016

A three‐dimensional velocity field constructed from Argo observations and sea surface heights (called Argo and SSH, hereinafter) is used to estimate meridional overturning volume transport and meridional heat transport (MHT) across 20°S, 25°S, 30°S, and 35°S for the years 2000–2014 in the South Atlantic. Volume transport in the upper branch of Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) and MHT from the observations are consistent with the previous observations, but are higher than the estimates derived from three data assimilative ocean models, at some of the latitudes. Both the observations and models show strong correlations between the strength of MOC and MHT at all the latitudes. The corresponding change in MHT for 1 Sv change of MOC strength, in the observations, increases from 0.046 PW in 25°S, 30°S, and 35°S to 0.056 PW across 20°S. A comparison of model‐based transports at 35°S at the boundaries and in the interior with those from Argo and SSH shows significant differences between them with respect to the contributions in the three segments of the section. In addition, the contributions also vary greatly between the different models. An analysis of the seasonality of MOC in the models and in the observations reveals that MOC anomalies in the models mostly show strong annual cycles at all the latitudes, whereas those derived from Argo and SSH exhibit annual cycles at three latitudes (35°S, 30°S, and to a lesser extent at 25°S) and a semiannual cycle at 20°S.
Winter Water Properties and the Chukchi Polynya
Authors: Ladd C. , Mordy C. W. , Salo S. A. , Stabeno P. J.
Published: July 2016

Water properties from moored measurements (2010–2015) near Icy Cape on the eastern Chukchi shelf have been examined in relation to satellite observations of ice cover. Atlantic Water (AW), with temperature >−1°C and salinity >33.6, has been observed to upwell from deeper than 200 m in the Arctic Basin onto the Chukchi Shelf via Barrow Canyon. Most previous observations of AW on the Chukchi shelf have been in or near Barrow Canyon; observations of AW farther onto the shelf are rare. Despite mooring location on the shelf ∼225 km from the head of Barrow Canyon, five AW events have been observed at mooring C1 (70.8°N, 163.2°W) in 4 years of data. All but one of the events occurred under openings in the sea‐ice cover (either a polynya or the ice edge). No events were observed during the winter of 2011/2012, a year with little polynya activity in the region. In addition to changes in temperature and salinity, the AW events are typically associated with southwestward winds and currents, changes in sea‐ice cover, and increased nutrient concentrations in the bottom water. Estimates of heat content associated with the AW events suggest that the Chukchi Polynya can often be classified as a hybrid sensible heat/wind‐driven polynya.
Mixing of dissolved oxygen in Chesapeake Bay driven by the interaction between wind‐driven circulation and estuarine bathymetry
Authors: Scully Malcolm E.
Published: July 2016

Field observations collected in Chesapeake Bay demonstrate how wind‐driven circulation interacts with estuarine bathymetry to control when and where the vertical mixing of dissolved oxygen occurs. In the across‐Bay direction, the lateral Ekman response to along‐Bay wind forcing contributes to the vertical mixing of dissolved oxygen in two ways. First, the lateral tilting of the pycnocline/oxycline, consistent with the thermal wind relationship, advects the region of high vertical gradient into the surface and bottom boundary layers where mixing can occur. Second, upwelling of low‐oxygen water to the surface enhances the atmospheric influx. In the along‐Bay direction, the abrupt change in bottom depth associated with Rappahannock Shoal results in surface convergence and downwelling, leading to localized vertical mixing. Water that is mixed on the shoal is entrained into the up‐Bay residual bottom flow resulting in increases in bottom dissolved oxygen that propagate up the system. The increases in dissolved oxygen are often associated with increases in temperature and decreases in salinity, consistent with vertical mixing. However, the lagged arrival moving northward suggests that the propagation of this signal up the Bay is due to advection.
A permanent N2O sink in the Nordic Seas and its strength and possible variability over the past four decades
Authors: Zhan Liyang , Chen Liqi , Zhang Jiexia , Yan Jinpei , Li Yuhong , Wu Man
Published: July 2016

Nordic Seas have been assumed to be a net sink of the ozone‐depleting greenhouse gas N2O. However, few studies have been conducted in this region. N2O profile data obtained during the 5th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition demonstrate that the N2O distribution pattern in the Nordic Seas differs from that of most other oceans. N2O sink characteristics of this region are confirmed by the undersaturation of N2O in the water column. Distributions of N2O in three subbasins of the Nordic Seas vary in the upper 1000 m but are homogenous below 1000 m due to a shared origin in the Greenland Basin (GB). Air‐sea exchange and vertical convection are thought to be dominant factors in N2O distribution in the GB, resulting in a distribution pattern that correlates significantly with the atmospheric mixing ratio variation over the past 40 years. Although recent studies have shown that weakened convection and/or enhanced Arctic outflow below the mid‐depth have occurred, our results show that these variations have yet to significantly affect the above relationship. The distribution could be considered a “historical record” that can be used to evaluate the air‐to‐sea flux over the past 40 years in the GB. The annual amount of N2O absorbed by the GB is ∼0.016–0.029 Tg N, which is equal to 0.4–0.8% of the world ocean emissions. This amount should not be simply neglected because it is absorbed by a region that accounts for only 0.03% of the world ocean area.
Illuminating the dual‐hormone hypothesis: About chronic dominance and the interaction of cortisol and testosterone
Authors: Pfattheicher Stefan
Published: July 2016

The dual‐hormone hypothesis suggests that testosterone is positively associated with status‐seeking tendencies such as aggression and dominance, particularly in individuals with low levels of cortisol. Although recent research supports the dual‐hormone hypothesis, its boundary conditions under which the dual‐hormone interaction is likely to emerge are not clearly understood. In the present study (N = 153), the dual‐hormone hypothesis was empirically tested in the context of an economic game that included a decision whether to dominate another individual. We also examined whether the dual‐hormone interaction is more likely to be found in individuals who are chronically prone to dominance tendencies. Results revealed a significant testosterone × cortisol interaction in line with the dual‐hormone hypothesis. Additionally, the testosterone × cortisol interaction was only significant in individuals with a high level of chronic dominance. Overall, the present work suggests that chronic personality tendencies should be taken into account in order to explore (the boundary conditions) of hormone‐behavior associations. Aggr. Behav. 43:85–92, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Red‐Light Azobenzene Di‐Maleimide Photoswitch: Pros and Cons
Authors: Wu Di , Dong Mingxin , Collins Catherine V. , Babalhavaeji Amirhossein , Woolley G. Andrew
Published: July 2016

Azobenzene‐containing intramolecular cross‐linkers with maleimide functional groups (e.g., azobenzene di‐maleimide (ABDM)) have been used successfully for photocontrol of protein conformation and activity. However, the ABDM cross‐linker requires short wavelength UV light (340 nm) for photoisomerization, which is highly scattered and can be absorbed by biological materials. In addition, the maleimide functional groups of ABDM are expected to lead to a mixture of stereoisomeric products upon cross‐linking and these may undergo ring‐opening via hydrolysis. This study reports the design and synthesis of a tetra‐ortho‐methoxy substituted ABDM cross‐linker, which can be photoisomerized using red light (617 nm) and blue light (450 nm), thereby avoiding the use of UV. This new cross‐linker is used to cross‐link a peptide, 30ER that undergoes helix–coil transitions. As predicted, hydrolyzed succinimide cross‐linked products are observed by mass spectrometry. However, although, hydrolyzed products are present, and a mixture of stereoisomers presumably forms, photoisomerization of the cross‐linker nevertheless enables control of peptide helical conformation using red light. Thus, azobenzene di‐maleimides are practically useful, although chemically ill‐defined, photoswitchable cross‐linkers.
Regioselective Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Electron‐Rich Benzenoid Arenes and Spiroepoxyoxindole at the Spiro‐Centre: Efficient Synthesis of Benzofuroindolines and 2H‐ Spiro[benzofuran]‐3,3′‐oxindoles
Authors: Hajra Saumen , Maity Subrata , Roy Sayan
Published: July 2016

Metal triflate‐catalysed intermolecular Friedel–Crafts reactions involving electron‐rich benzenoid arenes and spiroepoxyoxindoles at the spiro‐centre have been developed for the exclusive regioselective synthesis of 3‐aryl‐(3‐hydroxymethyl)oxindoles with an all‐carbon quaternary centre. Selective ring opening of spiroepoxyoxindoles with phenols provided a direct access to 3‐(hydroxymethyl)‐3‐(2‐hydroxyaryl)oxindoles. We have utilized this methodology successfully as the key step for the synthesis of benzofuroindolines and 2H‐spiro[benzofuran]‐3,3′‐oxindoles.

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Enabling the Triplet of Tetraphenylethene to Sensitize the Excited State of Europium(III) for Protein Detection and Time‐Resolved Luminescence Imaging
Authors: Zhu Zece , Song Bo , Yuan Jingli , Yang Chuluo
Published: July 2016

A tetraphenylethene (TPE) group that exhibits aggregation‐induced emission is incorporated into the ligand of a Eu(III) complex (TPEEu) to sensitize the excited state of Eu(III). In steady‐state measurements, TPEEu exhibits weak luminescence when dissolved in aqueous solutions even at a high concentration level, but emits strong fluorescence of TPE and phosphorescence of Eu(III) upon binding with bovine serum albumin. With a delay time of 0.05 ms and a gate time of 1.0 ms in time‐resolved measurements, only phosphorescent emission of Eu(III) is observed with a high on/off ratio. Moreover, this probe is successfully used in time‐resolved luminescence imaging to eliminate the background signal from biological autofluorescence without a washing process. This work provides a general strategy in designing Ln(III) complexes for detecting a broad range of biological molecules.
A tribute to professor Roger Sargent: Intellectual leader of process systems engineering
Authors: Doherty Michael F. , Grossmann Ignacio E. , Pantelides Constantinos C.
Published: July 2016

This article and this issue of the AIChE Journal, is a tribute to Professor Roger Sargent who, as pioneer and intellectual leader of process systems engineering, has had a profound impact on the discipline of chemical engineering. Spanning more than five decades, his work has provided a strong mathematical foundation to process systems engineering through the development of sophisticated mathematical and computational tools for the simulation, design, control, operation and optimization of chemical processes. In this article we first give a brief overview of his career that included several leadership positions and the establishment of the Centre for Process Systems Engineering (CPSE) at Imperial College London. We next review his research contributions in the areas of process modeling, differential algebraic systems, process dynamics and control, nonlinear optimization and optimal control, design under uncertainty, and process scheduling. We highlight the tremendous impact that he has had through his students, students' students, and his entire academic family tree, which at present contains over 2000 names, probably one of the largest among the academic leaders of chemical engineering. Finally, we provide a brief overview of him as a modest and charming individual with a wonderful sense of humor. He is without doubt a true intellectual giant who has helped to expand the scope of chemical engineering by providing a strong systems component to it, and by establishing strong multidisciplinary links with other fields. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2951–2958, 2016
Differences in the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among female and male custodians
Authors: Cavallari Jennifer M. , Ahuja Manik , Dugan Alicia G. , Meyer John D. , Simcox Nancy , Wakai Sara , Garza Jennifer L.
Published: July 2016

Background

The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among custodians is high. We sought to compare musculoskeletal symptoms between female and male custodians and to explore how task might affect this relationship.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was performed among 712 custodians who completed a survey assessing upper extremity, back, and lower extremity musculoskeletal symptoms and exposure to cleaning tasks. Chi‐square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to test for associations between gender, cleaning tasks, and musculoskeletal symptoms.

Results

Gender was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with musculoskeletal symptoms in χ2 tests and multivariate analyses. The prevalence ratio of symptoms among women was roughly 50% higher than men, regardless of the tasks that workers performed.

Conclusions

The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms differed for female and male custodians and appeared to be consistent across a range of job tasks. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:841–852, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biallelic mutations in CYP26B1: A differential diagnosis for Pfeiffer and Antley–Bixler syndromes
Authors: Morton Jenny E. V. , Frentz Sophia , Morgan Tim , Sutherland‐Smith Andrew J. , Robertson Stephen P.
Published: July 2016

Recently, a newly identified autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia was described characterized by calvarial abnormalities (including cranium bifidum, coronal, and lambdoid synostosis), oligodactyly, femoral bowing, narrow thorax, small pelvic bones, and radiohumeral synostosis. In the two families described, a more severe phenotype led to in utero lethality in three siblings while in a single patient in a second family the phenotype was sufficiently mild to allow survival to 5 months of age. The disorder is caused by biallelic missense mutations in CYP26B1, which encodes for a cytochrome P450 enzyme responsible for the catabolism of retinoic acid in a temporally and spatially restricted fashion during embryonic development. Here, we provide the third family affected by the disorder and the first affected individual to survive beyond infancy. This woman homozygous for c.1303G>A; p.(Gly435Ser) in CYP26B1, which was associated with multisutural synostosis, radiohumeral synostosis, normal bone mineral density, and apparent intellectual disability, a phenotype with significant similarities to Antley–Bixler and Pfeiffer syndromes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neonatal McCune–Albright syndrome with survival beyond two years
Authors: Pierce Melinda , Scottoline Brian
Published: July 2016

McCune–Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare disease resulting from a somatic, mosaic mutation of GNAS1 encoding the Gsα subunit of the G‐protein coupled membrane receptor responsible for multiple hormonal signaling cascades. We present a patient with neonatal MAS who initially presented with neonatal diabetes and concern for congenital cardiac disease, and subsequently was found to have significant ACTH‐independent neonatal Cushing syndrome. Her course included multi‐system organ involvement, although she initially did not have obvious findings consistent with the MAS classic triad of café‐au‐lait macules, fibrous dysplasia, or peripheral precocious puberty. After medical and surgical treatment, she remains the only reported survivor of neonatal MAS. This clinical report alerts clinicians to the possibility of this disease in neonates with non‐classical endocrine and non‐endocrine manifestations of MAS, and demonstrates that this very early presentation is potentially survivable. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
17q12 deletion and duplication syndrome in Denmark—A clinical cohort of 38 patients and review of the literature
Authors: Rasmussen Maria , Vestergaard Else Marie , Graakjaer Jesper , Petkov Yanko , Bache Iben , Fagerberg Christina , Kibæk Maria , Svaneby Dea , Petersen Olav Bjørn , Brasch‐Andersen Charlotte , Sunde Lone
Published: July 2016

17q12 deletions and duplications are two distinct, recurrent chromosomal aberrations usually diagnosed by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). The aberrations encompass the genes, HNF1B, LHX1, and ACACA, among others. We here describe a large national cohort of 12 phenotyped patients with 17q12 deletions and 26 phenotyped patients with 17q12 duplications. The total cohort includes 19 index patients and 19 family members. We also reviewed the literature in order to further improve the basis for the counseling. We emphasize that renal disease, learning disability, behavioral abnormalities, epilepsy, autism, schizophrenia, structural brain abnormalities, facial dysmorphism, and joint laxity are features seen in both the 17q12 deletion syndrome and the reciprocal 17q12 duplication syndrome; and we extend the list of features seen in both patient categories to include strabismus, esophageal defects, and duodenal atresia. Delayed language development, learning disability, kidney involvement, and eye dysmorphism and strabismus were the most consistently shared features among patients with 17q12 deletion. Patients with 17q12 duplications were characterized by an extremely wide phenotypic spectrum, including a variable degree of learning disabilities, delayed language development, delayed motor milestones, and a broad range of psychiatric and neurological features. This patient group also included adults achieving an academic degree. Assessing index patients and non‐index patients separately, our observations illustrate that an overall milder disease burden is seen, in particular in patients with 17q12 duplications who are ascertained on the duplication rather than the phenotype. This evidence may be useful in prenatal counseling. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pinpointing a Mechanistic Switch Between Ketoreduction and “Ene” Reduction in Short‐Chain Dehydrogenases/Reductases
Authors: Lygidakis Antonios , Karuppiah Vijaykumar , Hoeven Robin , Ní Cheallaigh Aisling , Leys David , Gardiner John M. , Toogood Helen S. , Scrutton Nigel S.
Published: July 2016

Three enzymes of the Mentha essential oil biosynthetic pathway are highly homologous, namely the ketoreductases (−)‐menthone:(−)‐menthol reductase and (−)‐menthone:(+)‐neomenthol reductase, and the “ene” reductase isopiperitenone reductase. We identified a rare catalytic residue substitution in the last two, and performed comparative crystal structure analyses and residue‐swapping mutagenesis to investigate whether this determines the reaction outcome. The result was a complete loss of native activity and a switch between ene reduction and ketoreduction. This suggests the importance of a catalytic glutamate vs. tyrosine residue in determining the outcome of the reduction of α,β‐unsaturated alkenes, due to the substrate occupying different binding conformations, and possibly also to the relative acidities of the two residues. This simple switch in mechanism by a single amino acid substitution could potentially generate a large number of de novo ene reductases.
Durch Polymerase‐Kettenreaktion erzeugte DNA‐Peptid‐Netzwerke als künstliche extrazelluläre Matrix
Authors: Finke Alexander , Bußkamp Holger , Manea Marilena , Marx Andreas
Published: July 2016

Zellproliferation und Zelldifferenzierung in multizellulären Organismen werden unter anderem durch Signale der extrazellulären Matrix reguliert. Die Möglichkeit, eine extrazelluläre Matrix nachzuahmen, um bestimmte Zelltypen spezifisch zu erkennen, ist ein zentrales Konzept der Gewebezüchtung. Wir präsentieren ein neues DNA‐basiertes Material mit Zellbindungseigenschaften, das durch kovalent gebundene DNA als Primer in einer PCR erzeugt wird. Mittels Klick‐Chemie werden diese Primer mit dem cyclischen Peptid c(RGDfK) funktionalisiert. Es ist bekannt, dass c(RGDfK) vorwiegend an αvβ3‐Integrine bindet, die beispielsweise auf Endothelzellen und Fibroblasten zu finden sind. Als kovalente Beschichtung auf Oberflächen zeigt dieses DNA‐basierte Material in seinem unfunktionalisierten Zustand zellabweisende Eigenschaften. Nach Funktionalisierung mit c(RGDfK) entsteht Adhäsivität zu bestimmten Zellen. Solche Zellen bleiben dabei lebensfähig und können bei milden Bedingungen durch eine Behandlung mit DNase I abgelöst werden.
C−H Coupling Reactions Directed by Sulfoxides: Teaching an Old Functional Group New Tricks
Authors: Pulis Alexander P. , Procter David J.
Published: July 2016

Sulfoxides are classical functional groups for directing the stoichiometric metalation and functionalization of C−H bonds. In recent times, sulfoxides have been given a new lease on life owing to the development of modern synthetic methods that have arisen because of their unique reactivity. They have recently been used in catalytic C−H activation proceeding via coordination of an internal sulfoxide to a metal or through the action of an external sulfoxide ligand. Furthermore, sulfoxides are able to capture nucleophiles and electrophiles to give sulfonium salts, which subsequently enable the formation of C−C bonds at the expense of C−H bonds. This Review summarizes a renaissance period in the application of sulfoxides arising from their versatility in directing C−H functionalization.
On‐Surface Domino Reactions: Glaser Coupling and Dehydrogenative Coupling of a Biscarboxylic Acid To Form Polymeric Bisacylperoxides
Authors: Held Philipp Alexander , Gao Hong‐Ying , Liu Lacheng , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Timmer Alexander , Mönig Harry , Barton Dennis , Neugebauer Johannes , Fuchs Harald , Studer Armido
Published: July 2016

Herein we report the on‐surface oxidative homocoupling of 6,6′‐(1,4‐buta‐1,3‐diynyl)bis(2‐naphthoic acid) (BDNA) via bisacylperoxide formation on different Au substrates. By using this unprecedented dehydrogenative polymerization of a biscarboxylic acid, linear poly‐BDNA with a chain length of over 100 nm was prepared. It is shown that the monomer BDNA can be prepared in situ at the surface via on‐surface Glaser coupling of 6‐ethynyl‐2‐naphthoic acid (ENA). Under the Glaser coupling conditions, BDNA directly undergoes polymerization to give the polymeric peroxide (poly‐BDNA) representing a first example of an on‐surface domino reaction. It is shown that the reaction outcome varies as a function of surface topography (Au(111) or Au(100)) and also of the surface coverage, to give branched polymers, linear polymers, or 2D metal–organic networks.
Organotrisulfide: A High Capacity Cathode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wu Min , Cui Yi , Bhargav Amruth , Losovyj Yaroslav , Siegel Amanda , Agarwal Mangilal , Ma Ying , Fu Yongzhu
Published: July 2016

An organotrisulfide (RSSSR, R is an organic group) has three sulfur atoms which could be involved in multi‐electron reduction reactions; therefore it is a promising electrode material for batteries. Herein, we use dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) as a model compound to study its redox reactions in rechargeable lithium batteries. With the aid of XRD, XPS, and GC‐MS analysis, we confirm DMTS could undergo almost a 4 e− reduction process in a complete discharge to 1.0 V. The discharge products are primarily LiSCH3 and Li2S. The lithium cell with DMTS catholyte delivers an initial specific capacity of 720 mAh g−1DMTS and retains 82 % of the capacity over 50 cycles at C/10 rate. When the electrolyte/DMTS ratio is 3:1 mL g−1, the reversible specific energy for the cell including electrolyte can be 229 Wh kg−1. This study shows organotrisulfide is a promising high‐capacity cathode material for high‐energy rechargeable lithium batteries.