bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of a chlor-alkali superfund site on mercury bioaccumulation in periphyton and low-trophic level fauna
Authors: Buckman Kate L. , Marvin-DiPasquale Mark , Taylor Vivien F. , Chalmers Ann , Broadley Hannah J. , Agee Jennifer , Jackson Brian P. , Chen Celia Y.
Published: March 2015

In Berlin, New Hampshire, USA, the Androscoggin River flows adjacent to a former chlor-alkali facility that is a US Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site and source of mercury (Hg) to the river. The present study was conducted to determine the fate and bioaccumulation of methylmercury (MeHg) to lower trophic-level taxa in the river. Surface sediment directly adjacent to the source showed significantly elevated MeHg (10–40× increase, mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 20.1 ± 24.8 ng g–1 dry wt) and total mercury (THg; 10–30× increase, mean ± SD: 2045 ± 2669 ng g–1 dry wt) compared with all other reaches, with sediment THg and MeHg from downstream reaches elevated (3–7× on average) relative to the reference (THg mean ± SD: 33.5 ± 9.33 ng g–1 dry wt; MeHg mean ± SD: 0.52 ± 0.21 ng g–1 dry wt). Water column THg concentrations adjacent to the point source for both particulate (0.23 ng L–1) and dissolved (0.76 ng L–1) fractions were 5-fold higher than at the reference sites, and 2-fold to 5-fold higher than downstream. Methylmercury production potential of periphyton material was highest (2–9 ng g–1 d–1 dry wt) adjacent to the Superfund site; other reaches were close to or below reporting limits (0. 1 ng g–1 d–1 dry wt). Total Hg and MeHg bioaccumulation in fauna was variable across sites and taxa, with no clear spatial patterns downstream of the contamination source. Crayfish, mayflies, and shiners showed a weak positive relationship with porewater MeHg concentration. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1649–1658. © 2015 SETAC
Deep drainage sensitivity to climate, edaphic factors, and woody encroachment, Oklahoma, USA
Authors: Wine Michael L. , Hendrickx Jan M. H. , Cadol Daniel , Zou Chris B. , Ochsner Tyson E.
Published: February 2015

Because groundwater is Earth's largest pool of freshwater, understanding the sensitivity of deep drainage to climate, soils, and land cover is critical in managing water resources. To better understand controls on this critical flux in the context of woody encroachment, we determined the sensitivity of deep drainage to climate, soil texture, soil compaction, rooting depth, growing season duration, and plant–water stress response using Hydrus‐1D to simulate deep drainage. To evaluate the simulation results, we compared these results with ground measurements at two anchor sites. At both anchor sites, Hydrus‐1D predictions of deep drainage matched measured values within the errors inherent in ground measurements. Sensitivity analysis suggested greatest sensitivity of deep drainage to climate (24 mm yr−1) and rooting depth (12 mm yr−1), moderate sensitivity to growing season duration (5 mm yr−1) and soil texture (4 mm yr−1), and lowest sensitivity to topsoil compaction and plant–water stress response (3 mm yr−1). The sensitivity analysis indicated the relative importance of the plant‐related factors considered, which, in decreasing order, were rooting depth, growing season duration, and plant–water stress response – factors that change concomitantly as a result of forestation or woody encroachment. Further ground‐truth measurements of woody encroachment effects on deep drainage are needed to confirm or refine the results of this simulation modelling study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precipitation patterns control the distribution and export of large wood at the catchment scale
Authors: Seo Jung Il , Nakamura Futoshi , Chun Kun Woo , Kim Suk Woo , Grant Gordon E.
Published: March 2015

Large wood (LW) plays an important role in river ecosystems, but LW‐laden floods may cause serious damage to human lives and property. The relationship between precipitation patterns and variations in LW distribution and export at the watershed scale is poorly understood. To explore these linkages, we examined differences in LW distribution as a function of channel morphologies in six watersheds located in southern and northern Japan and analysed the impacts of different precipitation patterns on the fluvial export of LW from river catchments. In southern Japan, intense rainfalls caused by typhoons or localized torrential downpours initiate landslides and debris flows that introduce massive amounts of LW into channels. Gravel bars formed by frequent flood events are widely prevalent, and the LW temporarily stored on these bars is frequently moved and/or broken into smaller pieces by floods. In these systems fluvial export of LW is supply‐limited, with smaller accumulations and shorter residence times than in northern Japan. Conversely, in northern Japan, where typhoons and torrential downpours rarely occur, LW is mostly recruited by bank erosion, tree mortality and windthrow into channels, rather than by landslides and debris flows. Recruited pieces accumulate in log jams on valley floors, particularly on floodplains supporting mature forests, resulting in larger accumulations and longer residence times. In these watersheds fluvial export of LW is transport‐limited, and the pieces gradually decompose during long‐term storage as log jams. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differences in immune responses between CMV‐seronegative and ‐seropositive patients with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Shmeleva Evgeniya V. , Boag Stephen E. , Murali Santosh , Bennaceur Karim , Das Rajiv , Egred Mohaned , Purcell Ian , Edwards Richard , Todryk Stephen , Spyridopoulos Ioakim
Published: March 2015

CMV infection is responsible for acceleration of immune senescence and linked to systemic pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated differences in the immune response between CMV‐seropositive and seronegative patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for acute myocardial infarction (MI). Peripheral blood samples were taken at six different time points: pre‐, 15, 30, 90 min, 24 h after PPCI and at 3 months after MI. Absolute counts of lymphocyte subpopulations, immune response to specific and nonspecific stimulation, serum cytokines and levels of CMV‐IgG, cardiolipin‐IgG, and anti‐endothelial cell antibodies were assessed. CMV‐seropositive patients with MI showed a twofold higher IFN‐γ production to PHA‐stimulation, up to 2.5‐fold higher levels of IP‐10 in serum and up to 30% lower serum levels of IL‐16 compared to CMV‐seronegative individuals. CMV‐seropositive patients could be divided into two subgroups with high (IL‐10Hi) and low (IL‐10Lo) IL‐10 serum levels during the acute stage of MI. The IL‐10Hi CMV‐seropositive subgroup showed an increased exit of late‐differentiated T lymphocytes, NK and NKT‐like cells from the circulation, which may potentially enhance cytotoxic damage in the ischemic myocardium. Finally, we did not observe an acceleration of autoimmunity by MI in CMV‐seropositive individuals. The immune response during acute MI showed characteristic differences between CMV seronegative and seropositive patients, with a stronger pro‐inflammatory response in seropositive patients. The effects of IP‐10, IL‐16, and IL‐10 on characteristics of acute immune responses and formation of different immune profiles in CMV‐seropositive individuals require further investigation.
Financial Planning Strategies of High School Seniors: Removing Barriers to Career Success
Authors: Poynton Timothy A. , Lapan Richard T. , Marcotte Amanda M.
Published: March 2015

This study explored the postsecondary financial planning of graduating 12th graders as a barrier to educational and career decision making and success. Seniors planning on pursuing postsecondary education (N = 744) from 16 high schools completed an online survey measuring their plans for financing their postsecondary education. They also provided information regarding their academic achievement, motivation, certainty, and postsecondary goals and plans. Students clustered into 4 distinct financial planning strategy groups. These financial planning clusters were evident across a diverse sample of high schools. Almost half of all graduating 12th graders had limited financial planning strategies. Groupings and strategies employed by students were significantly related to career development theory and research. The critical role for career development services in promoting student success is discussed.
OPG-Fc but Not Zoledronic Acid Discontinuation Reverses Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (ONJ) in Mice
Authors: de Molon Rafael Scaf , Shimamoto Hiroaki , Bezouglaia Olga , Pirih Flavia Q , Dry Sarah M , Kostenuik Paul , Boyce Rogely W , Dwyer Denise , Aghaloo Tara L , Tetradis Sotirios
Published: February 2015

Osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) is a significant complication of antiresorptive medications, such as bisphosphonates and denosumab. Antiresorptive discontinuation to promote healing of ONJ lesions remains highly controversial and understudied. Here, we investigated whether antiresorptive discontinuation alters ONJ features in mice, employing the potent bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA) or the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) inhibitor OPG-Fc, utilizing previously published ONJ animal models. Mice were treated with vehicle (veh), ZA, or OPG-Fc for 11 weeks to induce ONJ, and antiresorptives were discontinued for 6 or 10 weeks. Maxillae and mandibles were examined by μCT imaging and histologically. ONJ features in ZA and OPG-Fc groups included periosteal bone deposition, empty osteocyte lacunae, osteonecrotic areas, and bone exposure, each of which substantially resolved 10 weeks after discontinuing OPG-Fc but not ZA. Full recovery of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) osteoclast numbers occurred after discontinuing OPG-Fc but not ZA. Our data provide the first experimental evidence demonstrating that discontinuation of a RANKL inhibitor, but not a bisphosphonate, reverses features of osteonecrosis in mice. It remains unclear whether antiresorptive discontinuation increases the risk of skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases or fracture risk in osteoporosis patients, but these preclinical data may nonetheless help to inform discussions on the rationale for a “drug holiday” in managing the ONJ patient. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Iron Regulatory Protein 1 Suppresses Hypoxia‐Induced Iron Uptake Proteins Expression and Decreases Iron Levels in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Cheng Chun‐Ming , Wang Dan , Cao Xian , Luo Qian‐Qian , Lu Ya‐Peng , Zhu Li
Published: February 2015

Transferrin receptor (TfR1) and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) are important proteins for cellular iron uptake, and both are regulated transcriptionally through the binding of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) to hypoxia‐responsive elements (HREs) under hypoxic conditions. These proteins are also regulated post‐transcriptionally through the binding of iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) to iron‐responsive elements (IREs) located in the mRNA untranslated region (UTR) to control cellular iron homeostasis. In iron‐deficient cells, IRP1–IRE interactions stabilize TfR1 and DMT1 mRNAs, enhancing iron uptake. However, little is known about the impact of IRP1 on the regulation of cellular iron homeostasis under hypoxia. Thus, to investigate the role of IRP1 in hypoxic condition, overexpression and knockdown assays were performed using HepG2 cells. The overexpression of IRP1 suppressed the hypoxia‐induced increase in TfR1 and DMT1 (+IRE) expression and reduced the stability of TfR1 and DMT1 (+IRE) mRNAs under hypoxia, whereas IRP1 knockdown further increased the hypoxia‐induced expression of both proteins, preventing the decrease in IRE‐dependent luciferase activity induced by hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, ferrous iron uptake, the labile iron pool (LIP), and total intracellular iron reduced when IRP1 was overexpressed and further increased when IRP1 was knocked down. IRP1 expression declined and TfR1/DMT1 (+IRE) expression increased with the time of hypoxia prolonged, whereas the binding of IRP1 to the IRE of TfR1/DMT1 mRNA maintained. In summary, IRP1 suppressed TfR1/DMT1 (+IRE) expression, limited the cellular iron content and decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release induced by hypoxia. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1919–1931, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A SMYD3 Small‐Molecule Inhibitor Impairing Cancer Cell Growth
Authors: Peserico Alessia , Germani Aldo , Sanese Paola , Barbosa Armenio Jorge , Di Virgilio Valeria , Fittipaldi Raffaella , Fabini Edoardo , Bertucci Carlo , Varchi Greta , Moyer Mary Pat , Caretti Giuseppina , Del Rio Alberto , Simone Cristiano
Published: February 2015

SMYD3 is a histone lysine methyltransferase that plays an important role in transcriptional activation as a member of an RNA polymerase complex, and its oncogenic role has been described in different cancer types. We studied the expression and activity of SMYD3 in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer (CRC) and found that it is strongly upregulated throughout tumorigenesis both at the mRNA and protein level. Our results also showed that RNAi‐mediated SMYD3 ablation impairs CRC cell proliferation indicating that SMYD3 is required for proper cancer cell growth. These data, together with the importance of lysine methyltransferases as a target for drug discovery, prompted us to carry out a virtual screening to identify new SMYD3 inhibitors by testing several candidate small molecules. Here we report that one of these compounds (BCI‐121) induces a significant reduction in SMYD3 activity both in vitro and in CRC cells, as suggested by the analysis of global H3K4me2/3 and H4K5me levels. Of note, the extent of cell growth inhibition by BCI‐121 was similar to that observed upon SMYD3 genetic ablation. Most of the results described above were obtained in CRC; however, when we extended our observations to tumor cell lines of different origin, we found that SMYD3 inhibitors are also effective in other cancer types, such as lung, pancreatic, prostate, and ovarian. These results represent the proof of principle that SMYD3 is a druggable target and suggest that new compounds capable of inhibiting its activity may prove useful as novel therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 2447–2460, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and rebinding properties of protein‐imprinted polysiloxane using mesoporous calcium silicate grafted non‐woven polypropylene as matrix
Authors: Kan Bohong , Feng Lingzhi , Zhao Kongyin , Wei Junfu , Zhu Dunwan , Zhang Linhua , Ren Qian
Published: February 2015

Calcium silicate particle containing mesoporous SiO2 (CaSiO3@SiO2) was grafted on the surface of non‐woven polypropylene. The PP non‐woven grafted calcium silicate containing mesoporous SiO2 (PP‐g‐CaSiO3@SiO2) was used as the matrix to prepare bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecularly imprinted polysiloxane (MIP) by using silanes as the functional monomers and BSA as the template. PP non‐woven grafted BSA‐imprinted polysiloxane (PP‐g‐CaSiO3@SiO2 MIP) was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectometry (FTIR) and drilling string compensator (DSC). Influence factors on the rebinding capacity of the MIP were investigated, such as grafting degree, the pH in treating CaSiO3 and the type and proportion of silanes. The rebinding properties of BSA on PP‐g‐CaSiO3@SiO2 and MIP were investigated under different conditions. The results indicated that the rebinding capacity of MIP for BSA reached 56.32 mg/g, which was 2.65 times of NIP. The non‐woven polypropylene grafted BSA‐imprinted polysiloxane could recognize the template protein and the selectivity factor (β) was above 2.4 when using ovalbumin, hemoglobin and γ‐globulin as control proteins. The PP‐g‐CaSiO3@SiO2 MIP has favorable reusability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New amino acid changes in drug resistance sites and HBsAg in hepatitis B virus genotype H
Authors: Fernández‐Galindo D. A. , Sánchez‐Ávila F. , Bobadilla‐Morales L. , Gómez‐Quiróz P. , Bueno‐Topete M. , Armendáriz‐Borunda J. , Sánchez‐Orozco L. V.
Published: March 2015

Long‐term treatment with retrotranscriptase (RT) inhibitors eventually leads to the development of drug resistance. Drug‐related mutations occur naturally and these can be found in hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers who have never received antiviral therapy. HBsAg are overlapped with RT domain, thus nucleot(s)ide analogues (NAs) resistance mutations and naturally‐occurring mutations can cause amino acid changes in the HBsAg. Twenty‐two patients with chronic hepatitis B were enrolled; three of them were previously treated with NAs and 19 were NAs‐naïve treated. HBV reverse transcriptase region was sequenced; genotyping and analysis of missense mutations were performed in both RT domain and HBsAg. There was predominance of genotype H. Drug mutations were present in 18.2% of patients. Classical lamivudine resistance mutations (rtM204V/rtL180M) were present in one naïve‐treatment patient infected with genotype G. New amino acid changes were identified in drug resistance sites in HBV strains from patients infected with genotype H; rtQ215E was present in two naïve‐NAs treatment patients and rtI169M was identified in a patient previously treated with lamivudine. Mutations at sites rt169, rt204, and rt215 resulted in the Y161C, I195M, and C206W mutations at HBsAg. Also, new amino acid changes were identified in B‐cell and T‐cell epitopes and were more frequent in HBsAg compared to RT domain. In conclusion, new amino acid changes at antiviral resistance sites, B‐cell and T‐cell epitopes in HBV genotype H were identified in Mexican patients. J. Med. Virol. 87:985–992, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Purification and characterization of a novel cold‐adapted phytase from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain JMUY14 isolated from Antarctic
Authors: Yu Peng , Wang Xue‐Ting , Liu Jing‐Wen
Published: March 2015

A yeast producing a cold‐adapted phytase was isolated from Antarctic deep‐sea sediment and identified as a Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain JMUY14 of basidiomycetous yeasts. It was cultured in fermentation optimized by a response surface methodology based on the Box–Behnken design. The maximum activity of phytase reached 205.447 U ml−1, which was close to the predicted value of 201.948 U ml−1 and approximately 3.4 times higher than its initial activity. The extracellular phytase was purified by 15.2‐fold to homogeneity with a specific activity of 31,635 U mg−1 by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, and a combination of DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow, SP Sepharose Fast Flow, and Sephadex G‐100. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 63 kDa and its pI was 4.33. Its optimal temperature and pH were 50 °C and 5.0, respectively. Its activity was 85% at 37 °C, and showed good stability at pH 3.0∼7.0. When compared with mesophilic counterparts, the phytase not only exhibited a higher activity during 20∼30 °C but also had a low Km (247 µM) and high kcat (1394 s−1). The phytase activity was slightly stimulated in the presence of Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, K+, Na+, Ca2+, EDTA, and EGTA and moderately inhibited by Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Ag+, PMSF, SDS, and phenylgloxal hydrate. It was resistant to both pepsin and trypsin. Since the phytase produced by the R. mucilaginosa JMUY14 showed a high specific activity, good pH stability, strong protease resistance, and high activity at low temperature, it has great potential for feed applications, especially in aquaculture.
Expression of CD105 and CD34 receptors controls BMP‐induced in vitro mineralization of mouse adipose‐derived stem cells but does not predict their in vivo bone‐forming potential
Authors: Madhu Vedavathi , Kilanski Allison , Reghu Nikitha , Dighe Abhijit S. , Cui Quanjun
Published: February 2015

Adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) can be excellent alternative to bone marrow derived stem cells for enhancing fracture repair since ADSCs can be isolated comparatively in large numbers from discarded lipoaspirates. However, osteogenic potential of ADSCs in vivo is very controversial. We hypothesized that adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) that respond maximally to bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in vitro would possess maximum bone‐forming potential. Four purified populations of mouse ADSCs: CD105+CD34+, CD105−CD34−, CD105+CD34− and CD105−CD34+ were obtained using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) and their BMP‐responsiveness was determined in vitro. CD105+CD34− population showed the strongest response to BMPs in terms of robust increase in mineralization. Expression of CD105 correlated with high BMP‐responsive phenotype and larger cell size while expression of CD34 correlated with low BMP‐responsive phenotype and smaller cell size. CD105+CD34− population displayed higher gene expression of Alk1 or Alk6 receptors in comparison with other populations. However, CD105+CD34− ADSCs failed to induce ectopic bone formation in vivo after they were transplanted into syngeneic mice, indicating that in vitro BMP‐responsiveness is not a good indicator to predict in vivo bone forming potential of ADSCs. Therefore greater precautions should be executed during selection of competent ADSCs for bone repair. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:625–632, 2015.
Can agroforestry improve soil fertility and carbon storage in smallholder banana farming systems?
Authors: Zake Joshua , Pietsch Stephan A. , Friedel Jürgen K. , Zechmeister‐Boltenstern Sophie
Published: March 2015

Soil fertility depletion is a major constraint to agricultural production for smallholder farming households in many sub‐Saharan countries, and it is worsened by climate variability. In order to sustain food security for a growing population, measures have to be taken against C and nutrient losses from soils. This study examines whether banana–coffee agroforestry systems can improve soil fertility and C pools in smallholder farms in E Africa amidst observed climate variability. We selected 20 farms in Central Uganda, where soil samples were obtained from the top and subsoil layers. Samples were analyzed for several soil fertility parameters including soil organic matter (SOM), total soil organic C, pH, total N, plant‐available P, exchangeable K, texture, and bulk density. Soil C stocks were calculated based on soil organic C concentrations and bulky density. We measured tree diameter and height and calculated aboveground plant biomass using allometric equations. Belowground biomass was estimated using equations based on the respective aboveground plant biomass. Our results show that banana–coffee agroforestry farming systems had significantly higher total SOM and total N compared to the banana monoculture. Similar trends were observed for soil C stocks and total C pools. The former contained 1.5 times higher soil C stocks than the latter. Likewise, the mean total C pools for the banana–coffee agroforestry farm plots were 26% larger than that under banana monoculture. However, exchangeable K was higher in the soil of banana monocultures. Plant‐available P levels were limiting under both farming systems. The study demonstrates that beyond socio‐economic benefits banana–coffee agroforestry farming systems have beneficial effects on soil fertility and C sequestration compared to banana monocultures in the study area. However, precautions to avoid P depletion have to be taken under current climate conditions.
Biochars influence sweet‐potato yield and nutrient uptake in tropical Papua New Guinea
Authors: Walter Robin , Rao B. K. Rajashekhar
Published: March 2015

Currently, the biomass of an invasive and obnoxious weed, kunai grass (Imperata cylindrica), is uncontrollably burnt in Papua New Guinea in subsistence farming systems resulting in unwarranted negative environmental consequences. We explored the possibility of sustainable utilization of biochar produced from the weed biomass along with a standard feedstock‐rice husk (Oryza sativa). Biochars were produced with lab‐scale pyrolysis at 550°C, characterized for chemical properties and plant nutrient composition. Further, agronomic efficacy of soil incorporation of biochars (5 t ha−1) or co‐applied with mineral fertilizers (100, 11, and 62 kg ha−1 N, P, K, respectively) was tested for sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) in a field experiment. The two biochars differed significantly (P < 5%) with respect to recovery from the feedstocks, chemical characters and nutrient composition. Kunai grass biochar was poorer in nutrients (< 1%) with distinctly alkaline pH and higher electrical conductivity. Biochar amendment to soil showed significant (P < 5%) improvement of soil moisture, while co‐application of biochars along with mineral fertilizers showed soil moisture decrease. Biochar amendment improved the growth parameters and total tuber yield of sweet potato by about 20%, while co‐application with mineral fertilizers augmented total tuber yield by 100% and above‐ground biomass yields by > 75%. Besides, improving agronomic performance of sweet potato crop, co‐application of biochars with mineral fertilizers enhanced uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S. Production and utilization of biochar in sweet‐potato production could offer an efficient means of disposing biomass of kunai grass with concomitant productivity improvement in Papua New Guinea.
A Preliminary Risk Stratification Model for Individuals with Neck Pain
Authors: Cook Chad , Rodeghero Jason , Cleland Joshua , Mintken Paul
Published: March 2015

Introduction

The aim of the present study was to identify predictive characteristics related to patients with neck impairments who have a high risk of a poor prognosis (lowest functional recovery compared to visit utilization) as well as those who are at low risk of a poor prognosis (highest functional recovery compared to visit utilization).

Methods

A retrospective cohort of 3,137 patients with neck pain who were seen for physiotherapy care was included in the study. All patients were seen at physiotherapy clinics in the United States and were provided with care in a manner in which the physiotherapists felt was appropriate and necessary. Univariate and multivariate multinomial regression analyses were used to identify significant patient characteristics predictive of treatment response.

Results

Statistically significant predictors of high‐risk categorization included longer duration of symptoms, surgical history and lower comparative levels of disability at baseline. Statistically significant predictors of low‐risk categorization were younger age, shorter duration of symptoms, no surgical history, fewer comorbidities and higher comparative disability levels of function at baseline.

Discussion

Few studies have analysed risk stratification models for neck pain, and the findings of the present study suggest that predictors of poor success are similar to those in most musculoskeletal prognostic models. Limitations of the study included those inherent in secondary analysis and the inability to identify the diagnoses of the patients.

Conclusions

Future research should continue to examine the variables predictive of treatment response in patients with neck pain. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and thermal characterization of poly(2‐vinylpyridine) copolymers coordinated to Cr nanoparticles
Authors: Lekesiz Tugba Orhan , Kayran Ceyhan , Hacaloglu Jale
Published: February 2015

In this study, polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine), PS‐b‐P2VP, polyisoprene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridne), PI‐b‐P2VP and poly(methyl metacrylate)‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine), PMMA‐b‐P2VP, coordinated to Cr metal were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, transmission electron microscopy and direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry techniques. Both thermal degradation mechanism and thermal stability of P2VP blocks were affected by the coordination of Cr nanoparticles to nitrogen of pyridine rings. Thermal decomposition of P2VP blocks was started by loss of pyridine units leaving an unsaturated and/or crosslinked polymer backbone that degraded at relatively high temperatures. Incorporation of Cr metal did not noticeably influence thermal behavior of PS and PI blocks. However, increase in thermal stability of PMMA block was detected and associated with inhibition of the interactions between carbonyl groups of MMA chains with nitrogen atom of pyridine ring as a consequence of coordination to metal. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sickle cell in sickle cell disease in Latin America and the United States
Authors: Huttle Alexandra , Maestre Gladys E. , Lantigua Rafael , Green Nancy S.
Published: March 2015

Latin Americans are an underappreciated population affected by sickle cell disease (SCD). Sickle trait and SCD exist throughout Latin America and U.S. Latino communities. We describe the epidemiology and genetic heterogeneity of SCD among Latin Americans, and fetal hemoglobin expression. National population‐based newborn screening for SCD is limited to Brazil, Costa Rica, and the U.S. Available and extrapolated data suggest that over 6,000 annual births and 100,000–150,000 Latin Americans are affected by SCD. This comprehensive review highlights the substantial numbers and population distribution of SCD and sickle trait in Latin America, and where national newborn screening programs for SCD exist. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1131–1136. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure of full‐length p53 tumor suppressor probed by chemical cross‐linking and mass spectrometry
Authors: Arlt Christian , Ihling Christian H. , Sinz Andrea
Published: February 2015

The tumor suppressor p53 presents a great challenge for 3D structural analysis due to its inherent flexibility. In this work, we gained insight into the structure of full‐length wild‐type human p53 in solution by chemical cross‐linking/MS. This approach allowed us obtaining structural information of free wild‐type p53 in solution without making use of the ultrastable quadruple p53 variant. The cross‐links within one p53 monomer are in good agreement with the small‐angle X‐ray scattering based model of full‐length p53. Our cross‐linking data between different p53 molecules in the tetramer however indicate a large degree of flexibility in the C‐terminal regulatory domain of full‐length p53 in the absence of DNA. The cross‐links suggest that the C‐terminal regulatory domains are much closer to each other, resulting in a more compact arrangement of the p53 tetramer than perceived by the small‐angle X‐ray scattering model.
An Inquiry to Move an Underutilized Best Practice Forward: Barriers to Partnering in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction Industry
Authors: Mollaoglu Sinem , Sparkling Anthony , Thomas Sean
Published: March 2015

There is an obvious need in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry for improved project team integration through project delivery to ensure improved project outcomes. The literature reports that, among other methods, project partnering, when followed successfully, provides a great opportunity to improve project performance via improved collaboration among key project stakeholders (e.g., owner, designer, contractor) and reduce claims as a result while letting all project members stay in their traditional roles and work under any contractual framework, including design-bid-build. Despite its potential and history in the United States since the late 1980s and being classified as one of the best practices by the Construction Industry Institute in 1996, partnering continues to be underutilized. Existing research on partnering is mostly limited to public projects such as mega roadway and bridge projects. Guided by the literature, the aim of this research is to understand and report barriers to project partnering in the United States from both vertical/horizontal and public/private construction sectors. Via a comprehensive literature review, followed by a Delphi survey of partnering experts, this study systematically classified barriers to project partnering. In study results, implementation barriers to partnering during project delivery are more frequently pronounced than the barriers to its adoption. Of the top reported barriers to project partnering, the majority are cultural; project team related barriers show the greatest area of potential for improvement; and contrary to the literature, none is legislative. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by drawing attention to project delivery and management practices in the AEC industry to improve team collaboration and chances of successful implementation and adoption of integrative practices.
Formal and Informal Practices of Knowledge Sharing between Project Teams and Enacted Cultural Characteristics
Authors: Mueller Julia
Published: March 2015

This article investigates the process of knowledge sharing between project teams and uses a case study approach. This is especially relevant, as organizations face both the needs for separating work into projects and integrating knowledge created in projects into the organization. The results provided by the analysis technique of GABEK® indicate that, although projects create boundaries, employees and project team leaders use formal mechanisms and develop informal practices for knowledge sharing between project teams. Furthermore, the article identifies organizational cultural characteristics enacted in these practices that can stimulate the discussion in “knowledge culture research” regarding the relationship of organizational cultural characteristics and (specific) knowledge processes.
Selective fabrication of n‐ and p‐type SnO films without doping
Authors: Hayashi Hiroyuki , Katayama Shota , Huang Rong , Kurushima Kosuke , Tanaka Isao
Published: March 2015

Undoped n‐ and p‐type tin monoxide (SnO) films have been selectively fabricated by pulsed laser deposition with a Sn target and careful control of oxygen partial pressure. The films are epitaxially grown in optimal growth conditions on yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates with out‐of‐plane and in‐plane orientation relationships of (001)SnO//(001)YSZ and [110]SnO//[100]YSZ, respectively. Both Seebeck and Hall measurements show consistent results on the carrier types of the films. The electron Hall mobility is approximately 11 cm2/Vs at room temperature and the carrier activation energy is 0.14 eV for the n‐type film. The growth at increased oxygen partial pressure yields p‐type films, demonstrating the selective fabrication of both n‐ and p‐type SnO films without doping. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Unilateral robotic hybrid mini‐maze: a novel experimental approach
Authors: Moslemi Mohammad , Rawashdeh Badi , Meyer Mark , Nguyen Duy , Poston Robert , Gharagozloo Farid
Published: March 2015

Background

A complete Cox maze IV procedure is difficult to accomplish using current endoscopic and minimally invasive techniques. These techniques are hampered by inability to adequately dissect the posterior structures of the heart and place all necessary lesions. We present a novel approach, using robotic technology, that achieves placement of all the lesions of the complete maze procedure.

Methods

In three cadaveric human models, the technical feasibility of using robotic instruments through the right chest to dissect the posterior structures of the heart and place all Cox maze lesions was performed.

Results

The entire posterior aspect of the heart was dissected in the cadaveric model facilitating successful placement of all Cox maze IV lesions with robotic assistance through minimally invasive incisions.

Conclusion

The robotic Cox maze IV procedure through the novel right thoracic approach is feasible. This obviates the need for sternotomy and avoids the associated morbidity of the conventional Cox‐maze procedure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TAF4b is Required for Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cell Development
Authors: Lovasco Lindsay A. , Gustafson Eric A. , Seymour Kimberly A. , Rooij Dirk G. , Freiman Richard N.
Published: February 2015

Long-term mammalian spermatogenesis requires proper development of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) that replenish the testis with germ cell progenitors during adult life. TAF4b is a gonadal-enriched component of the general transcription factor complex, TFIID, which is required for the maintenance of spermatogenesis in the mouse. Successful germ cell transplantation assays into adult TAF4b-deficient host testes suggested that TAF4b performs an essential germ cell autonomous function in SSC establishment and/or maintenance. To elucidate the SSC function of TAF4b, we characterized the initial gonocyte pool and rounds of spermatogenic differentiation in the context of the Taf4b-deficient mouse testis. Here, we demonstrate a significant reduction in the late embryonic gonocyte pool and a deficient expansion of this pool soon after birth. Resulting from this reduction of germ cell progenitors is a developmental delay in meiosis initiation, as compared to age-matched controls. While GFRα1+ spermatogonia are appropriately present as Asingle and Apaired in wild-type testes, TAF4b-deficient testes display an increased proportion of long and clustered chains of GFRα1+ cells. In the absence of TAF4b, seminiferous tubules in the adult testis either lack germ cells altogether or are found to have missing generations of spermatogenic progenitor cells. Together these data indicate that TAF4b-deficient spermatogenic progenitor cells display a tendency for differentiation at the expense of self-renewal and a renewing pool of SSCs fail to establish during the critical window of SSC development. Stem Cells  2015;33:1267–1276
Protective effects of Sesamum indicum extract against oxidative stress induced by vanadium on isolated rat hepatocytes
Authors: Hosseini Mir‐Jamal , Shahraki Jafar , Tafreshian Saman , Salimi Ahmad , Kamalinejad Mohammad , Pourahmad Jalal
Published: March 2015

Vanadium toxicity is a challenging problem to human and animal health with no entirely understanding cytotoxic mechanisms. Previous studies in vanadium toxicity showed involvement of oxidative stress in isolated liver hepatocytes and mitochondria via increasing of ROS formation, release of cytochrome c and ATP depletion after incubation with different concentrations (25–200 µM). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of Sesamum indicum seed extract (100–300 μg/mL) against oxidative stress induced by vanadium on isolated rat hepatocytes. Our results showed that quite similar to Alpha‐tocopherol (100 µM), different concentrations of extract (100–300 μg/mL) protected the isolated hepatocyte against all oxidative stress/cytotoxicity markers induced by vanadium in including cell lysis, ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease and lysosomal membrane damage. Besides, vanadium induced mitochondrial/lysosomal toxic interaction and vanadium reductive activation mediated by glutathione in vanadium toxicity was significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated by Sesamum indicum extracts. These findings suggested a hepato‐protective role for extracts against liver injury resulted from vanadium toxicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 979–985, 2016.
Reading Every Single Day
Authors: Hudson Alida K. , Williams Joan A.
Published: March 2015

This article details one teacher's implementation of reading workshop in her second grade classroom. She provided a framework for authentic reading using the five components of reading workshop: time, choice, response, community, and structure. She found that reading workshop is a highly effective practice for not only increasing students’ motivation to read and ownership of reading but also increasing students’ reading abilities. The results indicate that providing students time to read books of their choice every day leads to student growth in the areas of comprehension, fluency, spelling and vocabulary, which correlates well with the Common Core language arts standards.
Effectiveness of biomass for energy purposes: a fuel cycle approach
Authors: Knápek Jaroslav , Králík Tomáš , Valentová Michaela , Voříšek Tomáš
Published: March 2015

The article presents a methodology that allows the complex evaluation of the energy and economic effectiveness of the different kinds of biomass providing, processing and utilization for energy purposes. The methodology is based on identification of the whole fuel cycle for the individual types of grown biomass and conversion technologies used for production of end‐use energy products (such as biomethane, liquid biofuels, electricity, and heat). The evaluation of energy efficiency is based on the calculation of the net energy effect resulting from the use of 1 ha of agricultural land to grow biomass for energy purposes respecting differences in biomass fuel cycles due to differences in biomass production, conversion technologies, and end‐use energy products. Evaluation of the economic effectiveness of biomass utilization combines efficiency of biomass planting, conversion technologies, and the economic parameters of the individual elements of the fuel cycle. The application of the method is demonstrated on selected cases of biomass fuel cycles in the conditions of the Czech Republic. The methodology can serve as the groundwork for identifying the most effective strategies of biomass utilization for the energy purposes with respect to the limitation of agricultural land availability and the economic effectiveness of end‐use energy products providing. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:575–586. doi: 10.1002/wene.164

This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Economics and Policy

Bioenergy > Science and Materials

Bioenergy > Systems and Infrastructure
Expression of a novel epoxide hydrolase of Aspergillus usamii E001 in Escherichia coli and its performance in resolution of racemic styrene oxide
Authors: Hu Die , Tang Cun-Duo , Yang Biao , Liu Jia-Chi , Yu Tao , Deng Chao , Wu Min-Chen
Published: March 2015

The full-length cDNA sequence of Aueh2, a gene encoding an epoxide hydrolase of Aspergillus usamii E001 (abbreviated to AuEH2), was amplified from the total RNA. Synchronously, the complete DNA sequence containing 5′, 3′ flanking regions, eight exons and seven introns was cloned from the genomic DNA. In addition, a cDNA fragment of Aueh2 encoding a 395-aa AuEH2 was expressed in Escherichia coli. The catalytic activity of recombinant AuEH2 (re-AuEH2) was 1.44 U/ml using racemic styrene oxide (SO) as the substrate. The purified re-AuEH2 displayed the maximum activity at pH 7.0 and 35 °C. It was highly stable at a pH range of 5.0–7.5, and at 40 °C or below. Its activity was not obviously influenced by β-mercaptoethanol, EDTA and most of metal ions tested, but was inhibited by Hg2+, Sn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ and Zn2+. The K  m and V  max of re-AuEH2 were 5.90 mM and 20.1 U/mg towards (R)-SO, while 7.66 mM and 3.19 U/mg towards (S)-SO. Its enantiomeric ratio (E) for resolution of racemic SO was 24.2 at 10 °C. The experimental result of re-AuEH2 biasing towards (R)-SO was consistent with the analytical one by molecular docking (MD) simulation.
Genetic Counseling in Portugal: Education, Practice and a Developing Profession
Authors: Paneque Milena , Mendes Álvaro , Saraiva Jorge , Sequeiros Jorge
Published: March 2015

Portugal is one of the European countries where genetic counseling is emerging as an independent clinical and scientific field, paralleling the international expansion of this profession. Important steps have been consistently made towards establishing safe and ethical genetic counseling, delivered by adequately trained professionals. In 1998, Clinical Genetics was recognized in Portugal as a medical specialty. Eleven years later, the first generation of Portuguese (non MD) genetic counselors started a master level training programme at the University of Porto.
A Bayesian Vector Multidimensional Scaling Procedure Incorporating Dimension Reparameterization with Variable Selection
Authors: Fong Duncan K. H. , DeSarbo Wayne S. , Chen Zhe , Xu Zhuying
Published: March 2015

We propose a two-way Bayesian vector spatial procedure incorporating dimension reparameterization with a variable selection option to determine the dimensionality and simultaneously identify the significant covariates that help interpret the derived dimensions in the joint space map. We discuss how we solve identifiability problems in a Bayesian context that are associated with the two-way vector spatial model, and demonstrate through a simulation study how our proposed model outperforms a popular benchmark model. In addition, an empirical application dealing with consumers’ ratings of large sport utility vehicles is presented to illustrate the proposed methodology. We are able to obtain interpretable and managerially insightful results from our proposed model with variable selection in comparison with the benchmark model.
Cost-effectiveness of intensive home treatment enhanced by inpatient treatment elements in child and adolescent psychiatry in Germany: A randomised trial
Authors: Boege I. , Corpus N. , Schepker R. , Kilian R. , Fegert J.M.
Published: February 2015

Background

Admission rate to child and adolescent mental health inpatient units in Germany is high (54 467 admissions in 2013), resources for providing necessary beds are scarce. Alternative pathways to care are needed. Objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of inpatient treatment versus Hot-BITs-treatment (Hometreatment brings inpatient-treatment outside), a new supported discharge service offering an early discharge followed by 12 weeks of intensive support.

Methods

Of 164 consecutively recruited children and adolescents, living within families and being in need of inpatient mental health care, 100 patients consented to participate and were randomised via a computer-list into intervention (n= 54) and control groups (n= 46). Follow-up data were available for 76 patients. Primary outcome was cost-effectiveness. Effectiveness was gathered by therapist-ratings on the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) at baseline (T1), treatment completion (T2) and an 8-month-follow-up (T3). Cost of service use (health care costs and non–health care costs) was calculated on an intention-to-treat basis at T2 and T3.

Results

Significant treatment effects were observed for both groups between T1/T2 and T1/T3 (P< 0.001). The Hot-BITs treatment, however, was associated with significantly lower costs at T2 (difference: −6900.47€,P= 0.013) and T3 (difference: −8584.10€,P= 0.007). Bootstrap cost-effectiveness ratio indicated that Hot-BITs was less costly and tended to be more effective at T2 and T3.

Conclusions

Hot-BITs may be a feasible cost-effective alternative to long inpatient stays in child and adolescent psychiatry. Further rigorous evaluations of the model are required. (Registration number: ISRCTN02672532, part 1, Current Controlled Trials Ltd, URL:http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Nanopore-Based Fourth-Generation DNA Sequencing Technology
Authors: Feng Yanxiao , Zhang Yuechuan , Ying Cuifeng , Wang Deqiang , Du Chunlei
Published: March 2015

Nanopore-based sequencers, as the fourth-generation DNA sequencing technology, have the potential to quickly and reliably sequence the entire human genome for less than $1000, and possibly for even less than $100. The single-molecule techniques used by this technology allow us to further study the interaction between DNA and protein, as well as between protein and protein. Nanopore analysis opens a new door to molecular biology investigation at the single-molecule scale. In this article, we have reviewed academic achievements in nanopore technology from the past as well as the latest advances, including both biological and solid-state nanopores, and discussed their recent and potential applications.