bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cold induces brain region-selective cell activity-dependent lipid metabolism
Authors: Min Hyeonyoung , Yang Yale Y , Yang Yunlei
Published: January 2025

It has been well documented that cold is an enhancer of lipid metabolism in peripheral tissues, yet its effect on central nervous system lipid dynamics is underexplored. It is well recognized that cold acclimations enhance adipocyte functions, including white adipose tissue lipid lipolysis and beiging, and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in mammals. However, it remains unclear whether and how lipid metabolism in the brain is also under the control of ambient temperature. Here, we show that cold exposure predominantly increases the expressions of the lipid lipolysis genes and proteins within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) in male mice. Mechanistically, by using innovatively combined brain-region selective pharmacology and in vivo time-lapse photometry monitoring of lipid metabolism, we find that cold activates cells within the PVH and pharmacological inactivation of cells blunts cold-induced effects on lipid peroxidation, accumulation of lipid droplets, and lipid lipolysis in the PVH. Together, these findings suggest that PVH lipid metabolism is cold sensitive and integral to cold-induced broader regulatory responses.
Synaptic enrichment and dynamic regulation of the two opposing dopamine receptors within the same neurons
Authors: Hiramatsu Shun , Saito Kokoro , Kondo Shu , Katow Hidetaka , Yamagata Nobuhiro , Wu Chun-Fang , Tanimoto Hiromu
Published: January 2025

Dopamine can play opposing physiological roles depending on the receptor subtype. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, Dop1R1 and Dop2R encode the D1- and D2-like receptors, respectively, and are reported to oppositely regulate intracellular cAMP levels. Here, we profiled the expression and subcellular localization of endogenous Dop1R1 and Dop2R in specific cell types in the mushroom body circuit. For cell-type-specific visualization of endogenous proteins, we employed reconstitution of split-GFP tagged to the receptor proteins. We detected dopamine receptors at both presynaptic and postsynaptic sites in multiple cell types. Quantitative analysis revealed enrichment of both receptors at the presynaptic sites, with Dop2R showing a greater degree of localization than Dop1R1. The presynaptic localization of Dop1R1 and Dop2R in dopamine neurons suggests dual feedback regulation as autoreceptors. Furthermore, we discovered a starvation-dependent, bidirectional modulation of the presynaptic receptor expression in the protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) and posterior lateral 1 (PPL1) clusters, two distinct subsets of dopamine neurons, suggesting their roles in regulating appetitive behaviors. Our results highlight the significance of the co-expression of the two opposing dopamine receptors in the spatial and conditional regulation of dopamine responses in neurons.
TurkMedNLI: a Turkish medical natural language inference dataset through large language model based translation
Authors: Oğul İskender Ülgen , Soygazi Fatih , Bostanoğlu Belgin Ergenç
Published: January 2025

Natural language inference (NLI) is a subfield of natural language processing (NLP) that aims to identify the contextual relationship between premise and hypothesis sentences. While high-resource languages like English benefit from robust and rich NLI datasets, creating similar datasets for low-resource languages is challenging due to the cost and complexity of manual annotation. Although translation of existing datasets offers a practical solution, direct translation of domain-specific datasets presents unique challenges, particularly in handling abbreviations, metric conversions, and cultural alignment. This study introduces a pipeline for translating a medical NLI dataset into Turkish, which is a low-resource language. Our approach employs fine-tuning the Llama-3.1 model with selected samples from the Medical Abbreviation dataset (MeDAL) to extract and resolve medical abbreviations. Consequently, NLI pairs are refined with extracted abbreviations and subjected to metric correction. Later, the processed sentences are then translated using Facebook’s No Language Left Behind (NLLB) translation model. To ensure quality, we conducted comprehensive evaluations using both machine learning models and medical expert review. Our results show that BERTurk achieved 75.17% accuracy on TurkMedNLI test data and 76.30% on the normalized test set, while BioBERTurk demonstrated comparable performance with 75.59% accuracy on test data and 72.29% on the normalized dataset. Medical experts further validated the translations through manual assessment of sampled sentences. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of large language models in adapting domain-specific datasets for low-resource languages, establishing a foundation for future research in multilingual biomedical NLP.
Contratos relacionales y los confines de la solidaridad
Authors: Pereira Fredes Esteban
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo desarrollar la teoría rela- cional del contrato y analizar críticamente su encaje con la solidaridad como fundamento normativo que demanda la continuidad entre los intereses de las partes contratantes. Si bien este ideal regulativo presenta atractivo y fuerza apelativa para la filosofía del derecho contractual, la contratación relacional delinea las fronteras de su potencial justificativo. Esta clase de contratos permite mostrar la ambivalencia de la solidaridad en el derecho contractual.
Performing Effective Calculations of Protein-Ligand Binding Free Energy with the Help of Molecular Dynamics Methods
Authors: Akgün İsmail Hakkı
Published: January 2025

Aims: In our study, we aimed to calculate the binding free energies using molecular dynamics methods with the help of biased sampling approach using the binding site residues in protein - ligand complexes.
Methodology: Molecular modeling and dynamics methods such as Steered Molecular Dynamics (SMD) and Umbrella Sampling (US) were used in our studies. Systems to be simulated were prepared using the binding site residues and ligands. In order to perform SMD simulations, the systems were reoriented to allow the ligands to be pulled in the z-axis direction. The poses of the system were recorded while the ligands were drawn in the z-axis direction (reaction coordinate). Using the poses selected from the reaction coordinates, 1 ns molecular dynamics simulations were performed for each selected pose using the umbrella sampling method. The results obtained from US simulations were evaluated through the Gromacs Wham module and the binding free energies of the ligands were calculated.
Results: The binding free energies of the complexes we investigate were calculated as -7.23±1.75 for the 1NFU, -9.73±1.83 for the 2JS4, -9.16±2.53 for the 1FJS, -8.63±0.17 for the 1F0R and -13.76±2.47 kcal/mol for the 1KSN complexes. Experimental values binding free energies of the complexes mentioned were reported as -10.63, -10.47, -10.14, -10.51 and +12.90 kcal/mol, respectively. The bias between the binding free energy values we obtained and the experimental data vary between 0.8 kcal/mol (1FJS) and 3.4 kcal/mol (1NFU). In addition, there is a regression coefficient of 0.80 between our calculated binding free energies and the experimental results.
Conclusion: The high regression coefficient between the binding free energies we determined in our study and the experimental results and the low bias of numerical differences of the binding free energies show that our approach gives positive results.
Isolation, Identification, and Antibiogram of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Ambulatory Patients with Suspected Cases of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Authors: E. A. Okpo, , A. A. Agboke, , C. E. Udobi, , G. E. John , F. T. Otu, , D. I. Omang, , P. A. Omang,
Published: January 2025

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent health issue, with Escherichia coli being the primary causative agent. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogens Escherichia coli (UPEC) from ambulatory patients with suspected cases of UTI. The primary isolation of the UPEC was done using cystine electrolyte deficient agar and MacConkey agar. Different biochemical test was carried out on the isolates for the purpose of characterization and identification. Antibiotics susceptibility test was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. A total of 366 urine samples were collected and processed, resulting in the identification of 192 UPEC isolates. Other bacterial isolates identified in this study were Klebsiella spp, Enterobacter spp, Acinetobacter spp, Citrobacter spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS), Enterococcus spp and Bacillus spp. High susceptibility was observed to ciprofloxacin (92.7%) and Levofloxacin (85.4%), while significant resistance was noted for ceftriaxone resistance (19%) and Pandrug resistance (2.1%) was observed in UPEC isolates. The findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of antibiotic resistance patterns to guide effective UTI treatment strategies and mitigate the spread of resistant UPEC strains.
Optimizing Sponge Gourd Cultivation: Effects of Chemical Hybridizing Agents on Morphological Traits and Flower Development
Authors: Garg Vibhootee , Tiwari Akhilesh , Pandey SK , Choudhary Simran , Gautam Vedant
Published: January 2025

The study investigates the effects of various chemical hybridizing agents (CHAs) on the morphological traits of Sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) over two growing seasons (2023-2024 and 2024-2025) at the Vegetable Research Centre, JNKVV, Jabalpur. The research primarily focuses on vine length, number of primary branches, internodal length, nodes per vine, and flower development stages. Statistical analysis of the collected data reveals that the application of CHAs significantly enhances vine length at 30, 60, and 90 days after transplanting (DAT), with the highest growth observed in treatments involving GA3 (200 ppm) and Sulphonyl Urea (0.4 ml/L). Notably, vine lengths reached up to 6.88 m at final harvest for the most effective treatments. Furthermore, the number of primary branches and nodes per vine also increased substantially with CHA application, particularly with GA3 and Sulphonyl Urea. The timing of flower appearance was influenced by these treatments as well, with earlier flowering noted in Ethrel-treated plants. The study concludes that strategic application of CHAs can significantly improve growth parameters and flowering dynamics in Sponge gourd cultivation, suggesting potential for enhanced yield and agricultural practices. This research contributes valuable insights for horticulturists aiming to optimize growth conditions for this economically important crop.
Effect of Different Levels of Sugar and Jaggery Coating on Freezing of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) var. Winter Dawn
Authors: Raj Sneha , Topno Samir Ebson , Sharma Aniket
Published: January 2025

The present study was investigated the physiological changes occurring in strawberry fruits during storage and examined their effects on various quality attributes. The fruits were subjected to different storage treatments, namely T0 to T9. The study focused on analyzing parameters such as weight loss, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid content, pH, color, texture, taste, aroma, and overall acceptability. The results revealed significant variations in these quality attributes across the different storage treatments. In terms of weight loss, the minimum recorded was in T3, which experienced a loss of 12.88%, while the maximum weight loss was observed in T9 (38.00%), followed by T7 (14.22%). When it came to firmness, T3 exhibited the highest value of 20.88, indicating better fruit texture, while T7 had the lowest firmness (19.7), followed by T2 (20.84). The study also assessed the TSS content of the strawberry fruits, with T3 exhibiting the highest value of 8.83, indicating a higher sugar content, while T7 had the lowest TSS (7.20), followed by T2 (8.10). In terms of ascorbic acid content, T3 had the maximum value of 0.24, indicating higher vitamin C content, while T7 had the lowest (0.20), followed by T8 (0.23). Moreover, the study analyzed pH levels, with T3 showing the highest value of 3.61, while T9 had the lowest pH (3.46), followed by T8 (3.55). Additionally, T3 had the highest color intensity (9), whereas T0 had the lowest (6.93), followed by T8 (8.54). Furthermore, texture, taste, aroma, and overall acceptability were examined. Where, T3 received the highest scores for texture, taste, aroma, and overall acceptability, indicating superior sensory attributes, while T7 had the lowest scores, followed by T6. In summary, the study provided insights into the physiological changes occurring in strawberry fruits during storage and their impact on quality attributes. The findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate storage conditions to minimize weight loss, maintain firmness, optimize TSS and ascorbic acid content, control pH levels, enhance color intensity, and improve sensory characteristics. Implementing these findings can contribute to preserving the quality and market value of strawberries, ultimately satisfying consumer preferences and expectations.
Parasitic Influences on Cancer Patterns: An Analytical Study from Al Hawari Hospital of Benghazi, Libya
Authors: Elmhalli Fawzeia H. , Solyman Muna Salem M , Garboui Samira S. , Qaddafi Aisha El
Published: January 2025

Carcinogenesis, the process of cancer development, can in some cases be associated with certain parasitic infections. In this study, key points regarding the relationship between parasites and carcinogenesis are discussed.
Aims: Through analysing medical records from cancer patients at Al-Hawari Hospital and researching previous studies regarding the present parasite, relationships between parasites and cancer diseases quantifying the types of cancer present in Libya were discovered.
Methods: The study was conducted in Benghazi, Libya, and analysed medical records for 248 patients with cancer from January through March 2024. Data from 13 cities across Libya. Utilising a retrospective design, it incorporates both an analysis of collected medical data and a review of over 18 related literature sources. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software to assess relationships between age and cancer types, applying the Chi-square test for categorical variables.
Results: Breast cancer was the most prevalent cancer type, 41.1%, followed by uterine cancer at 16.9%. Benghazi had the highest cancer incidence rate, accounting for 54.8% of recorded cases, while the age group with the highest frequency of cancer was 51-60 years (29%). The study also linked specific parasites to various cancers, such as Toxoplasma gondii to breast cancer and Schistosoma species to bladder and rectal cancers. The Chi test shows a significantly significant relationship between age and infection with a test value of 125.304 and a p-value of 0.000.
Conclusion: There are many parasites that are present in Libya linked to cancer. Therefore, the study emphasises the need for continued research into the role of infection in the development of cancer.
Power Generation
Authors: Zabihian Farshid
Published: December 2023

Electricity plays a major role in the functioning of our modern society in a way that life without it is unimaginable. We owe our current high quality of life to the electricity generation and distribution industry. This article begins with a brief review of this industry. Then, the history of power generation and its major milestones are discussed. The rest of the article deals with conventional power generation systems, starting with steam power generation cycles as the base for many fossil fuel‐fired, nuclear, geothermal, and solar thermal energy power plants. The major components of a typical steam cycle, including steam generators, combustion systems, emission control systems, steam turbines, condensate‐feedwater systems, and circulating water systems are covered. Next, the fundamental principles for nuclear steam power plants, including heavy‐water, light‐water, boiling‐water, and pressurized‐water reactors, are briefly reviewed. Then, gas turbines, their history, and their major components, that is, compressors, combustion chambers, and turbines, are discussed. The article concludes with a review of combined cycle power plants and cogeneration plants.
Microstructure and Water Vapor Barrier Performance of Organic‐Bridged Polysilsesquioxane/Carbon Quantum Dots Composite Coatings
Authors: Zhang Ce , Ma Cong , Yao Xiaowei , Lai Xiaojuan , Yang Xiaomei , Zhang Wanbin , Zhang Guanghua
Published: December 2023

Developing siloxane‐based coatings with excellent water vapor barrier ability is of great importance due to their wide applications for various optical‐related fields. To improve the water vapor barrier ability of polysilsesquioxane coatings, this research proposes a strategy of introducing carbon quantum dots (CQDs) into organic‐bridged polysilsesquioxane coatings to enhance their water vapor barrier property. The CQDs are prepared by the pyrolysis of citric acid and then the composite coatings are prepared by thioether‐ester‐bridged silsesquioxane precursor in situ hydrolysis and condensation in the presence of CQDs. The experimental results show that the CQDs disperse well in the polysilsesquioxane matrix which is conducive to provide long diffusion pathway of water vapor molecules and also introduce individual “bubble pores” into the composite coatings. Thus‐obtained composite coatings not only show fivefold enhancement in water vapor barrier ability compared to the polysilsesquioxane coating without CQDs, but also perform good light transparence and good UV radiation‐resistant property, which would satisfy the requirements of optical‐related moisture‐resistant application fields.
Simultaneously Improving Strength and Plasticity of Al–Cu Alloy by Introducing Spherical Precipitates
Authors: Wang Xuanyi , Hou Jiapeng , Gong Baishan , Qu Zhan , Liu Hanzhong , Wang Qiang , Zhang Zhenjun , Zhang Zhefeng
Published: December 2023

The trade‐off relation between strength and plasticity is the bottleneck that limits the development of high‐strength and high‐plasticity Al–Cu alloys. Inspired from the influence of precipitate shape on the work‐hardening behavior of Al–Cu alloys, an Al–Cu–Zr–Sc alloy containing a mixed microstructure of spherical‐shaped Al3(Zr, Sc) phases and disk‐shaped θ′ phases is successfully designed and fabricated. Surprisingly, it is found that the strength and plasticity of the Al–Cu–Zr–Sc alloy are synchronously improved compared to the Al–Cu alloy with only disk‐shaped θ′ phases. The introduction of spherical‐shaped Al3(Zr, Sc) phases can increase the yield strength without sacrificing the work‐hardening ability of the Al–Cu–Zr–Sc alloy, which is mainly attributed to the extremely small strain‐hardening exponent of the Al alloy with spherical‐shaped precipitates. Besides, the predicted strength–elongation relation of the Al–Cu alloy is established based on the exponential strain‐hardening model.
Light‐Induced Virtual Electrodes for Microfluidic Droplet Electro‐Coalescence
Authors: Zamboni Riccardo , Sebastián‐Vicente Carlos , Denz Cornelia , Imbrock Jörg
Published: December 2023

Electro‐coalescence is the fusion phenomenon between a pair or more microfluidic droplets that are immersed in an immiscible medium under an electric field. This technique is frequently used to merge confined droplets in surfactant‐stabilized microfluidic emulsions using local electric fields. Despite the necessity of miniaturized electrodes, this method has proven highly successful in microfluidics and lab‐on‐a‐chip applications. Miniaturized electrodes severely curtail the spatial and temporal flexibility of the electric potential, thus hindering real‐time and flexible operation and leading to high production costs. The current study addresses this problem with reconfigurable electric field potential by light‐driven functional virtual electrodes. These electrodes are light‐induced on a non‐centrosymmetric ferroelectric photovoltaic crystal placed below a microfluidic droplet channel. The photovoltaic effect in the crystal is responsible for the space charge distributions that act as virtual electrodes, whose evanescent field is screened by free charges into the two liquids inside the channel. A numerical model is developed to describe the evolution of the evanescent electric field causing electro‐coalescence. Based on this prediction, two coalescence processes occur at two different timescales and with different numbers of droplets involved. Controlled exposure time modulation allows either rapid on‐demand coalescence of droplet pairs or breakup of the entire emulsion.
Effect of 1‐Fluoro‐2‐iodobenzene Solvent Additive on the Crystallization of Donors and Acceptors, and Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Liang Zezhou , Yan Lihe , Wang Ning , Si Jinhai , Liu Shujuan , Wang Yufei , Tong Junfeng , Li Jianfeng , Zhao Baofeng , Gao Chao , Hou Xun
Published: December 2023

Controlled sequential crystallization of donors and acceptors is a critical factor for achieving enhanced phase separation and efficient charge transfer performance in polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this study, a comprehensive investigation of a structurally simple solvent additive, 1‐fluoro‐2‐iodobenzene (OFIB) is conducted, which efficiently controls the morphology of the active layer, resulting in fibrous assembly and significantly enhancing the power conversion efficiency from 16.34% to 18.38% based on the PM6:L8‐BO system. Density functional theory, molecular dynamics simulations, and grazing incidence small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering techniques reveal that the addition of OFIB to the processed blend aligns the orientation of the acceptor molecules, thereby enhancing the overall π–π stacking in the active layer. OFIB establishes nearly equal‐strength π–π interactions with the conjugated frameworks of both the donor and acceptor materials, benefiting from the multiple electron conjugation between its iodine atom and the conjugated framework in the active layer. Femtosecond‐timescale photophysical studies demonstrate that the OFIB‐optimized active layer shows reduced exciton losses at the donor–acceptor interface. This study offers a new perspective on the mechanism underlying the function of solvent additives and presents a comprehensive research methodology that will guide the development of next‐generation non‐fullerene acceptors for efficient PSCs.
High‐Performance Wide‐pH Zn‐Based Batteries via Electrode Interface Regulation with Valine Additive
Authors: Lin Hui , Lin Chuyuan , Xiao Fuyu , He Lingjun , Xiong Peixun , Luo Yongjin , Hu Xiang , Qian Qingrong , Chen Qinghua , Wen Zhenhai , Zeng Lingxing
Published: December 2023

Aqueous zinc (Zn) based batteries show great promise as energy storage devices, cost‐effectiveness, and intrinsic safety. However, the development of Zn‐based batteries faces significant challenges, primarily stemming from poor electrochemical reversibility caused by dendrite growth, hydrogen generation, and byproduct formation on the Zn anode. In this study, valine (Val) is investigated as an electrolyte additive to finely tune the interface microenvironment, resulting in enhanced electrochemical stability of the Zn anode across a wide pH range, marking the first time such an approach has been explored. Val ions preferably adsorb onto the active sites of the Zn anode surface, enabling efficient isolation of water and SO42− from the desolvated shell layer and thus effectively inhibiting dendrite growth. The Zn||Zn symmetric cells are demonstrated with Val electrolyte additives present a remarkable cycling performance of 5400 h. Furthermore, Zn||MnO2 full cells exhibit stable operation for 5000 cycles at 3 A g−1. Notably, the Val additive also functions effectively in rechargeable alkaline cells, enabling the alkaline symmetric cells and Zn||Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 full cells to operate durably across a wide temperature range. This work offers unique insights into electrolyte engineering for aqueous rechargeable batteries, especially in terms of their compatibility with a wide pH range.
EVs‐on‐a‐Bubble: Self‐Aggregated Click Bubbles Streamline Isolation and Amplified Profiling of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Wei Binqi , Xiang Yuanhang , Qin Xiaojie , Yang Yu , Lu Hao , Li Haichao , Fang Min , Li Xinchun , Yang Fan
Published: December 2023

Tumor‐derived circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide a non‐invasive solution for cancer diagnostics, but hampered by challenges in EVs isolation and profiling. Herein, this work shows that bioorthogonal microbubbles (click bubbles) combine a panel of fluorescent aptamers for streamlined isolation and profiling of oncologic EVs in a single assay. This click bubble‐driven aptasensor (cBAS) features self‐aggregation, self‐separation and self‐enhancing in fluorescence. The facile protein phase transition renders bubble surface polyvalent with rich clickable motifs, enabling fast enrichment of EVs. Moreover, the buoyancy allows click bubbles to self‐float to the droplet apex for self‐aggregated fluorescence enhancement via a bubble lensing effect, thus achieving a sensitive profiling of EVs without requiring additional signal amplification or ultrasensitive detectors. By using cBAS to profile EVs surface proteins from a cohort (n = 45) across three cancer types, a machine learning algorithm enables cancer diagnosis and classification with an overall accuracy of 91%. This EVs‐on‐a‐bubble assay is fast, sensitive, self‐powered, and provides a promising tool to facilitate EVs‐based cancer diagnosis in clinical settings.
A Reversible, Versatile Skin‐Attached Haptic Interface Platform with Bioinspired Interconnection Architectures Capable of Resisting Sweat and Vibration
Authors: Kim Jinhyung , Hwang Gui Won , Song Minwoo , Lim Dohyun , Kim Jae‐Ik , Choi Jin‐Ho , Lee Yeon Soo , Kim Da Wan , Yang Tae‐Heon , Pang Changhyun
Published: December 2023

A stable conformal interface technology for rough and sweaty complex skin is essential for a haptic interface capable of delivering sophisticated mechanical stimuli. However, conventional polymeric/hydrogel‐based skin adhesives cannot maintain adequate adhesion interaction performance at the haptic interface due to repetitive vibrations or sweaty skin. This study reports a reversible, versatile skin‐attached haptic interface platform, which embeds the hybrid architecture of a water‐drainable hexagonal array of frog toe pads and the energy‐dissipation matrix of snail pedal muscles with interconnected structures. The hybrid frog–snail‐inspired adhesive patch exhibits remarkable adhesion in pulling and shear directions under both dry and sweaty conditions. Furthermore, the microchannels between the hexagonal array can effectively drain liquid under sweaty conditions while also enhancing skin‐conformal contacts. The adhesion force enhanced by energy‐dissipation is analyzed considering a simple theory based on the adhesion, elastic, dissipation energies, and geometric features, resulting in the vibration‐resistant characteristics against diverse dry and wet vibration environments (vibrational frequency: 1–150 Hz). Bioinspired integrated skin‐attached haptic interface platform demonstrates the versatility of being reversibly applicable to various skin surfaces such as fingers, arms, and legs, yielding the feasibility of dynamic handling a basketball with multiple contacts and impacts in virtual reality (VR).
Logic Gate Activated Lysosome Targeting DNA Nanodevice for Controlled Proteins Degradation
Authors: Shang Yuzhe , Zhu Longyi , Xiao Yang , Du Songyuan , Ji Ruoyang , Li Bin , Chen Jialiang , Deng Shengyuan , Ren Kewei
Published: December 2023

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is a powerful technique for the regulation of protein homeostasis. Current TPD mainly focuses on the therapeutical consequences rather than the operation processes of the molecular tools. Herein, a platform for precise manipulation of the protein degradation by activatable lysosome targeting DNA nanodevices is constructed. In the design, a lysosome‐targeting CD63 aptamer is locked by the single‐stranded DNA with a photocleavable group and a disulfide bond. This locked CD63 aptamer is connected with the aptamer targeting the protein of interest via double‐stranded DNA linkages to form the logic‐gate activated lysosome targeting DNA nanodevice (LALTD). With the UV light and endogenous GSH as inputs, an AND logic gate is built to efficiently manipulate the protein delivery processes by LALTD. The protein of interest can be degraded via efficient lysosome hydrolysis. Further studies show that the logic‐gate operation can be used for modulating T cell‐mediated antitumor immunity. The modularly designed activatable lysosome targeting DNA nanodevices exhibits good stability, controllability, programmability, and universality, providing a new prospect for accurate protein degradation and precise therapy.
Modulating Quantum Well Width of Ferroelectric Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites for Flexible Light Communication Device
Authors: Zhang Xinglong , Li Ziqing , Hong Enliu , Deng Ming , Su Li , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: December 2023

2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites exhibit significant ferroelectricity due to the spontaneous polarization of organic molecules. By modulating the quantum well width in 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites BA2MAn‐1PbnBr3n+1, a series of perovskites are adopted to realize adjustable polarization intensity and bandgap width. It is found that when n = 3, perovskite has the maximum polarization strength and optimal optoelectronic performance. In addition, flexible photodetectors with high mechanical stability are successfully fabricated based on n = 3 perovskite microplates. The fabricated flexible photodetectors exhibit high responsivity of 920 mA W−1 and detectivity of 1.02 × 1011 Jones, along with excellent flexibility and stability. After 3000 bending cycles, the photocurrent of n = 3 perovskites photodetector remains 81.8% of initial state. Besides, the photocurrent of n = 3 perovskites increase by 33 and 34 times after polarization at 0 and 3 V, respectively. And n = 3 perovskites exhibit a high polarization sensitivity with a current ratio of 2.09. On the basis of controllable regulation of the photocurrent through polarization, the application of flexible decoding optoelectronic devices by utilizing the correspondence between optical signals before and after polarization and binaries is achieved. These findings highlight the potential of modulating quantum well width in 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites as a promising strategy for designing next‐generation flexible optoelectronic devices.
Uncovering White Light Emission in Pressure‐Treated Sb‐Doped Double Perovskite by Coherent Optical Phonon
Authors: Jiang Jutao , Niu Guangming , Wang Xiaowei , Zeng Xiangyu , Zhang Yutong , Sui Laizhi , Che Li , Wu Guorong , Yuan Kaijun , Yang Xueming
Published: December 2023

Single‐component white‐light emitters are ideal for solid‐state lighting applications. Here, the dual‐emission white light in the 3D Cs2NaInCl6:0.1 Sb3+ crystal is successfully achieved by the high‐pressure treatment strategy. Upon compression, the remarkable self‐trapped exciton (STE) emission enhancement is observed at 20.6 GPa due to the tilting and twisting of inorganic octahedron caused by the phase transition of Cs2NaInCl6:0.1 Sb3+ crystal. Intriguingly, after undergoing the high‐pressure treatment, in addition to the blue high‐energy emission from the STEs, [SbCl6]3− exhibits the orange low‐energy emission from STEs, which is ascribed to the remaining local distortion of inorganic octahedron resulting from the presence of residual amorphous phase in the local region upon decompression. Furthermore, coherent phonon generation and density functional theory calculations indicate that the electrons exhibit a strong coupling to A1g stretch mode and T2gIn bending mode in Cs2NaInCl6:0.1 Sb3+. After high‐pressure treatment, the coupling between the electrons and the T2gIn bending mode disappears, suggesting local octahedral symmetry disruption due to residual amorphous structures induced by high‐pressure treatment. This work unveils the relationship between the electron‐phonon coupling and the STE emission and offers a new strategy to design and synthesize the new single‐component white‐light metal halide perovskites.
A Precise and Intelligent Nanomedicine for Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Treatment by Combining Antivascular Photodynamic Therapy and Neuroinhibitory Chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Qian , Han Lu , Wu Jiaxin , Cheng Yuanyuan , Bai Liya , Qian Zhanyin , Yang Meng , Liu Xingkun , Wang Yinsong
Published: December 2023

Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is one of the most common salivary gland malignancies. Current clinical therapies have limitations and cannot efficiently prevent the SACC development and metastasis. Hematogenous and neural spread are the two major routes of SACC metastasis. In this study, a precise and intelligent nanomedicine, RCDT, is designed to combine antivascular photodynamic therapy and neuroinhibitory chemotherapy against SACC. A tumor vessel‐targeted and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive photosensitizer (RC) is synthesized by linking cRGD to chlorin e6 (Ce6) via a bridge between the poly(ethylene glycol) and diselenide bonds. A neural‐targeted and pH‐responsive cytotoxic prodrug (DT) is synthesized by conjugating doxorubicin (DOX) with Tet1, a neural‐targeting peptide, via an acidic‐cleavable hydrazone bond. RC and DT are assembled to form RCDT via hydrophobic interactions, thereby shielding Tet1. Under the guidance of cRGD and the photodynamic action of Ce6, RCDT can precisely disrupt the tumor vasculature and simultaneously disintegrate to expose Tet1 by rupturing the diselenide bond. Guided by Tet1, disintegrated RCDT can be specifically internalized into neurons and release DOX to exert neuroinhibitory effects by cleaving the hydrazone bond. Using these stepwise dual‐targeting and dual‐responsive strategies, RCDT can efficiently suppress the growth and metastasis of SACC.
Highly Sensitive Diagnosis of Extracellular Calcium Ions Associated Brain Diseases using Ca2+‐Dependent T2‐T1 Switchable Magnetic Nanosensors
Authors: Wang Qiyue , Wang Tao , Yang Shengfei , Du Hui , Zhang Bo , Cui Sirui , Ling Daishun , Li Fangyuan
Published: December 2023

Calcium ions (Ca2+) play crucial roles as second messengers in living cells and are associated with the onset and development of chronic brain diseases, including epilepsy. Dynamic and real‐time imaging of extracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]ex) in the brain holds great potential for identifying disease foci. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful non‐invasive tool for Ca2+ imaging with unlimited depth penetration. However, current available Ca2+ MR sensors lack the sensitivity to monitor small [Ca2+]ex alterations associated with chronic brain diseases in vivo. In this study, a highly sensitive Ca2+‐dependent T2‐T1 switchable magnetic nanosensor is reported, consisting of Ca2+‐specific ligands engineered near‐paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Surface ligand modifications can be adjusted to regulate the interaction energy between sensors and Ca2+, allowing for customizable response range and sensitivity to fulfill the in vivo imaging requirements. The optimized sensors enable non‐invasive visualization of early‐stage seizure focus in mice undergoing epilepsy.
Revealing the Untapped Potential of Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting in Metal Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wang Caihua , Wan Yangyang , Yang Shaokang , Xie Yuee , Chu Shibing , Chen Yuanping , Yan Xiaohong
Published: December 2023

The past decade witnessed substantial attention toward metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) for photocatalytic water splitting owing to their versatile structural and optoelectronic characteristics. However, MOFs capable of efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting (OWS) remain notably scarce. Although MOF‐based photocatalysts with OWS potential are highly promising due to their diverse building blocks and topological configurations, the vast number of possible MOFs renders traditional trial‐and‐error materials discovery approaches impractical. Herein, a data‐driven methodology that integrates machine learning with high‐throughput first‐principles computations to identify MOFs with OWS capability is presented. By systematically assessing factors including water stability, band gap, band positions, charge carrier transport, and optical absorption properties, 14 MOFs from the Quantum‐MOF (QMOF) database containing over 20,000 MOFs as promising candidates for visible‐light‐driven OWS are identified. Notably, five of them exhibit exceptional electronic and optical properties, outperforming previously reported MOF OWS photocatalysts, such as UIO66(Zr)‐NH2, MIL125(Ti)‐NH2, and MIL53(Al)‐NH2 is established. This work represents a large‐scale, data‐driven exploration of MOF‐based photocatalysts for water splitting, shedding light on the untapped potential of photocatalysis in MOFs.
Liquid Metal Powders Wrapped with Robust Shell by Bimetallic Ions Chelation Strategy for Energy Harvesting and Flexible Electronics
Authors: Qi Xiulei , Yu Lei , Liu Yide , Chen Long , Li Xiankai
Published: December 2023

Excellent electrical and fluidic properties render liquid metal (LM) a promising material for flexible electronics, soft robotics, and stretchable circuits. Although producing LM micro/nano droplets by nanometerization addresses the tricky issue of the processing result from high surface tension, it still remains challenging to obtain stable LM droplets because of their dynamic surfaces. In this study, LM powders wrapped with robust shells are fabricated by bimetallic ions chelation strategy. During sonicating LM (e.g., EGaIn) in an alginate solution, a microgel shell is first formed by the coordination of Ga3+ and carboxyl groups. Subsequently, LM powders are achieved by introducing Ca2+ as secondary metal ions to chelate with redundant carboxyl groups. Besides high chemical stability in water and air, these nonstick LM powders also exhibit superior photothermal effects for energy harvesting, being capable of recovering electrical conductivity by mechanical sintering for flexible electronics. These conductive circuits based on LM powders not only work as electro‐thermal heaters, and electromagnetic interference shielding material but also can be designed as smart actuators. Thus, this bimetallic ions chelation strategy may start a pathway to produce stable, transportable LM powders with multifunctional properties, applicable in stretchable electronics, smart actuators, and electric skins.
Porous Titanium Scaffolds with Mechanoelectrical Conversion and Photothermal Function: A Win‐Win Strategy for Bone Reconstruction of Tumor‐Resected Defects
Authors: Tang Zhen , Yu Dongmei , Bao Shusen , Li Chenyu , Wu Hao , Dong Hui , Wang Ning , Liu Yichao , Wu Qi , Chen Changcheng , Wang Mo , Cao Pengfei , Zheng Zenghui , Huang Hai , Li Xiaokang , Guo Zheng
Published: December 2023

Bone metastases severely threaten the lives of patients. Although surgical treatment combined with adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improves the survival rate of patients, tumor recurrence, or metastasis after surgical resection and bone defects caused by surgical treatment remain major challenges for clinicians. Given the abovementioned clinical requirements, barium titanate‐containing iron‐coated porous titanium alloy scaffolds have been proposed to promote bone defect repair and inhibit tumor recurrence. Fortunately, in vitro and in vivo experimental research confirms that barium titanate containing iron‐coated porous titanium alloy scaffolds promote osteogenesis and bone reconstruction in defect repair via mechanoelectric conversion and inhibit tumor recurrence via photothermal effects. Furthermore, the underlying and intricate mechanisms of bone defect repair and tumor recurrence prevention of barium titanate‐containing iron‐coated porous titanium alloy scaffolds are explored. A win‐win strategy for mechanoelectrical conversion and photothermal functionalization provides promising insights into bone reconstruction of tumor‐resected defects.
Vacancy Defects Inductive Effect of Asymmetrically Coordinated Single‐Atom Fe─N3S1 Active Sites for Robust Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction with High Turnover Frequency and Mass Activity
Authors: Zhao Yilin , Chen Hsiao‐Chien , Ma Xuelu , Li Jiaye , Yuan Qing , Zhang Peng , Wang Minmin , Li Junxi , Li Min , Wang Shifu , Guo Han , Hu Ruanbo , Tu Kun‐Hua , Zhu Wei , Li Xuning , Yang Xuan , Pan Yuan
Published: December 2023

The development of facile, efficient synthesis method to construct low‐cost and high‐performance single‐atom catalysts (SACs) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is extremely important, yet still challenging. Herein, an atomically dispersed N, S co‐doped carbon with abundant vacancy defects (NSC‐vd) anchored Fe single atoms (SAs) is reported and a vacancy defects inductive effect is proposed for promoting electrocatalytic ORR. The optimized catalyst featured of stable Fe─N3S1 active sites exhibits excellent ORR activity with high turnover frequency and mass activity. In situ Raman, attenuated total reflectance surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy reveal the Fe─N3S1 active sites exhibit different kinetic mechanisms in acidic and alkaline solutions. Operando X‐ray absorption spectra reveal the ORR activity of Fe SAs/NSC‐vd catalyst in different electrolyte is closely related to the coordination structure. Theoretical calculation reveals the upshifted d band center of Fe─N3S1 active sites facilitates the adsorption of O2 and accelerates the kinetics process of *OH reduction. The abundant vacancy defects around the Fe─N3S1 active sites balance the OOH* formation and *OH reduction, thus synergetically promoting the electrocatalytic ORR process.
Bioinkjet Printing and Protein Tagging of Camouflaged Biosafe Quick Response Codes for Medicine Authentication
Authors: Kim Joshua J. , Ji Yuhyun , Guo Denny L. , Kim Young L. , Leem Jung Woo
Published: December 2023

Online pharmacies and social media platforms are responsible for the growing presence of counterfeit medicines, and the verification and authentication of dosage levels are imperative for protecting individual medicines. However, the existing anticounterfeit methods for medicines and exterior box‐level protection are often limited, and they focus on pharmaceutical supply chains instead of empowering patients. Here, bioprinting and taggant construction of camouflaged biosafe quick response (QR) codes are introduced for on‐dose (or in‐dose) medicine security, integrated with the dosage form. Machine‐readable color QR codes contain concealed invisible patterns with biologically safe near‐infrared absorption properties, which help enhance the security of conventional QR codes. The reported bioinkjet printing and protein taggant construction guarantee printability, imperceptibility, stability, biocompatibility, digestibility, and tamper resistance to be an inherent part of each unit of medicine in solid dosage formats. Camouflaged biosafe QR code taggants can offer various medicine security applications including anticounterfeit measures, authentication features, track‐and‐trace, and serialization at the dosage level. This approach is expected to empower patients to play an active role in fighting illicit medicines and pharmaceutical products.
Synthesis and Characterization of High‐Quality Ta2O5 Nanoparticles for Highly Selective SAW‐Based DUV Sensor and Corona Detection Application
Authors: Kim Sihyeok , Nawaz Faisal , Choi Cheol , Jeon Il , Lee Keekeun
Published: December 2023

In recent times, significant progress is made in the development of solar‐blind deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) photodetectors (200–280 nm) due to their potential applications for military and civil purposes. In this study, the development of a novel solar‐blind DUV photodetector based on tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensor integrated with Interface electronics is reported for the first time. The 3‐D Ta2O5 NPs surface morphology, crystallinity, and defect state level is discussed using various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and spectrophotometer. The developed 3‐D Ta2O5 NPs based photodetector exhibits high sensitivity to 254 nm DUV irradiation (5 µW cm−2), demonstrating excellent photoresponse characteristics. The performance parameters including highest sensitivity, fast response/recovery time are measured as 1621.1 ppm (mW cm−2)−1, 3.7s/19.8s, respectively. Subsequent analysis demonstrates the stability and repeatability of the photodetector, enabling its potential to real time corona discharge detection. With its inherent advantages, the current DUV photodetector utilizing Ta2O5 NPs exhibits great potential for future applications in DUV optoelectronics.
Ternary Liquid Metal Polymer Composite for Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Luo Zheng , Zhou Xiaoping
Published: December 2023

The small strain characteristics of the traditional flexible conductive composites hinder their realization of skin‐like properties and multi‐scenario applications. The value of liquid metal (LM)‐based elastomers is demonstrated in flexible electronics. Attempts in this area include the development of multifunctional LM‐based elastomers with controllable morphology, superior mechanical performances, and excellent stability. In this work, an efficient strategy is proposed to achieve the fast preparation of the LM patch by uniformly distributing eutectic gallium–indium–tin alloy in deionized water and by constructing the LM‐iron particles‐Ecoflex (LMIE) ternary composite system. In this study, the fabricated LMIE large strain sensor exhibits high sensitivity (the gage factor (GF) = 0.98 when strain ranges from 0% to 60%; GF = 1.91 when strain ranges from 60% to 100%), high linearity (correlation coefficient (R2) = 0.96 when strain ranges from 0% to 60%; R2 = 0.99 when strain ranges from 60% to 100%), a wide strain range of detection (e.g., 1%–100%) and breaking elongation (e.g., 450%), a fast response time (80 ms), excellent repeatability and stability. This work exhibits the excellent potential of multifunctional liquid metal composites in wearable electronics and prediction devices of structural collapse.
Super‐Resolution Imaging via Lenses with Angular Magnification
Authors: Zhou Yi , Ma Zijie , Liao Dingpeng , Zhang Kun , Wu Shikai , Ma Jun , Dai Xuemei , Shang Zhengguo , Wen Zhongquan , Chen Gang
Published: December 2023

The far‐field resolution of traditional optical imaging systems is restricted by the Abbe diffraction limit, a direct result of the wave nature of light. To break this limit, one applicable approach is to reduce the effective size of the point‐spread‐function (PSF). In the past decades, great endeavors have been made to produce an effective super‐resolution PSF by exploiting different mechanisms, including optical nonlinearities and structured light illumination. However, it is difficult to apply these methods to objects at far distance miles away. Here, the study proposes a new approach to achieving super‐resolution imaging for far‐distance objects by utilizing angular magnification. To this end, a new class of metalenses with angular magnification is first theoretically and experimentally validated and demonstrated. Both theoretical and experimental results have demonstrated a more than twofold enhancement beyond the traditional angular‐resolution limit. The proposed approach is of promising potential in the applications of super‐resolution telescopes and remote sensing.