bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
For, of, and by the community: critical place-based reflections on mangroves regeneration in the Indian Sundarbans
Authors: Sen Amrita , Mukherjee Jenia , Ghosh Aditya , Fickert Thomas
Published: November 2024

Mangrove plantations are considered coastal buffers for inland territorial zones since they provide protection from tidal surges and extreme weather events like cyclones, storms, and associated floods. Based on empirical fieldwork on selected villages of the Gosaba block located within the Indian Sundarbans, the largest mangroves delta in the world, we argue that a coupled mangrove management system that draws simultaneously on institutional and community-driven knowledge can lead to enhanced and successful mangrove restoration. In most cases, mangrove management strategies and wetland persistence are largely subjected to an external understanding demonstrated mostly by ‘scientific’ knowledge that lacks community agency and invalidates local knowledge of the associated ecosystem. For instance, in the case of Sundarbans, as we observe, mangrove plantations have been subsumed under a ‘policy choice’ backed by ubiquitous institutional foundations. We demonstrate that local community knowledge has significant merits in suggesting conditions in which mangrove replantation can be successful and produce gains – ecosystem conservation, protection of local livelihoods, and bolstered socioecological resilience. The primary objective of the article is to document and underscore community perceptions and efforts in mangrove restoration, accommodating this unrecognized knowledge, and with the larger agenda of recognizing community as forerunners and agents of change – enhancing avenues of community engagement, agency, and empowerment.
National dermatological surgery sustainability survey: an evaluation of healthcare professional beliefs and practices
Authors: Ali Fatima , Jabouri Hakam , Abbott Rachel A , Wernham Aaron
Published: November 2024

Background

Dermatological surgery contributes to the large environmental impact of healthcare, but to date there are no data on the current sustainability practices, attitudes or behaviours of UK and Republic of Ireland health professionals involved in skin surgery.

Objectives

We sought to evaluate this using a national sustainability questionnaire organized by the British Society for Dermatological Surgery.

Methods

Over 12 weeks, a 17-item online questionnaire was distributed nationally to healthcare professionals involved in skin surgery.

Results

Responses were received from 115 UK healthcare professionals. ‘See and Treat’ provision for non-Mohs skin surgery was described by 32% of respondents. When compared with single-use equipment (median = 4), reusable equipment (median = 7) outperformed on perceived safety (P = 0.0056), quality (P = 0.00001) and patient outcomes (P = 0.0067), but no difference was found in usability (P = 0.68916). Perceived sustainability was greater in the reusable (median = 7) than single-use (median = 1) (P = 0.00001) equipment. Almost all (97%) respondents believe global climate change is happening, and the majority (74%) are concerned by dermatological surgery’s impact. However, only 44% feel comfortable discussing health effects of climate change with patients. While 75% turn off surgical lighting between lists, often room lighting (31%), equipment (32%) or heating/air conditioning (22%) are forgotten.

Conclusions

While awareness of the impact of dermatological surgery on global climate change is common among healthcare professionals involved in skin surgery, there is room for improvement in translating this into local action, advocacy and service improvement to standards dictated by national sustainability guidance.
Outcomes of kidney transplantation in patients with lysinuric protein intolerance
Authors: Rautanen Tomi , Ahopelto Kaisa , Niinikoski Harri , Karppinen Sinikka , Lempinen Marko , Ortiz Fernanda , Helanterä Ilkka
Published: November 2024

Background

Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is a metabolic disorder that leads to dysfunctional intestinal absorption and kidney clearance of cationic amino acids. Chronic kidney disease develops in many LPI patients and leads to end-stage kidney disease in at least 10% of patients. Since data on kidney transplants in LPI patients are limited, we analysed the outcomes of LPI patients after transplantation in Finland.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study includes all Finnish LPI patients who have received a kidney transplant. The data were collected from the Finnish Transplant Registry and electronic medical records from 2005 through May 2023 or patient death. The plasma amino acid profile was analysed before and after transplantation.

Results

Eight LPI patients (75% female, mean age at transplant 41.9 years) received a kidney allograft and two of the patients received a second transplant. Nine transplants were from deceased donors and one was from a living donor. Acute rejection occurred after four transplantations (two T-cell mediated and two antibody mediated). One patient died 6 months after transplantation due to alveolar proteinosis. Apart from lower citrulline and higher lysine concentrations, plasma amino acid levels showed no changes after transplantation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year graft survivals were 80%, 68.6% and 51.4%, and patient survivals were 88%, 86% and 50%, respectively.

Conclusions

Kidney transplantation is feasible in patients with LPI, although the acute rejection rate seems high and severe complications such as pulmonary alveolar proteinosis may occur. Transplantation led to changes in plasma citrulline and lysine concentrations.
Influence of different diet categories on gut bacterial diversity in Frankliniella occidentalis
Authors: Li Dingyin , Zhi Junrui , Ye Jiaqin , Yue Wenbo , Yang Yanqi
Published: November 2024

The microbial composition of insect guts is typically influenced by the type of food consumed, and conversely, these microbes influence the food habits of insects. Western flower thrips (WFT; Frankliniella occidentalis) is an invasive pest with a wide range of hosts, including vegetables and horticultural crops. To elucidate variations in gut bacteria among WFT feeding on rose (Rosa rugosa) flowers (FF), kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) pods (PF), and kidney bean leaves (LF), we collected adult guts and extracted DNA for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of microbial communities. The results revealed that the FF population had the highest number of annotations. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that the Chao and Ace indexes were the greatest in the PF population, indicating a higher abundance of gut bacteria. Moreover, the Simpson index was the highest in the FF population, indicating that gut bacterial diversity was the highest in the FF population. Comparison of species composition demonstrated that Proteobacteria dominated all 3 populations at the phylum level, with Actinobacteria being the subdominant phylum. At the genus level, Stenotrophomonas was the dominant bacteria in the PF and LF populations, whereas Rosenbergiella was dominant in the FF population. KEGG pathway annotation predicted that the gut bacteria of adult WFT were mainly involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Our results revealed that the diversity and composition of WFT gut microbiota are influenced by diet, offering evidence for future studies on the ecological adaptability of WFT and the mechanisms underlying the interaction between gut microbiota and host.
A case report of reversible dilated cardiomyopathy due to left main coronary artery ostial stenosis: optimal imaging is key
Authors: Fletcher Alexander J , Bannerman Kieran , Finlay Emma , Noonan Patrick , Gupta Pankaj , Davidson Mark Richard , Danton Mark
Published: November 2024

Background

Congenital coronary artery anomalies are a rare but reversible cause of dilated cardiomyopathy in infants and children. Optimal imaging strategies to efficiently identify and confirm the diagnosis in the setting of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are crucial to timely surgery.

Case summary

A 2-month-old boy presented with dilated cardiomyopathy and severe left ventricular dysfunction requiring ECMO support. During an unsuccessful ECMO wean, turbulent flow was noted at the origin of the left coronary artery on echocardiography with subsequent computed tomography (CT) angiogram and cardiac angiogram via catheter confirming the very rare diagnosis of left main coronary artery ostial stenosis. He underwent emergency left coronary artery augmentation with excellent outcome.

Discussion

A high index of suspicion for coronary artery anomalies is required for infants presenting with suspected dilated cardiomyopathy. While CT is a potential diagnostic tool for investigating coronary abnormalities in children, image optimization on ECMO is challenging, with further imaging often required. The superior spatial and temporal resolution of cardiac angiography via catheterization allows definitive diagnosis of coronary artery abnormalities in this situation and facilitates timely surgical intervention.
Impact of dispersive patch electrode positioning on safety and efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation
Authors: Futyma Piotr , Zarębski Łukasz , Sauer William H
Published: November 2024

Safe and efficient radiofrequency catheter ablation depends significantly on the proper placement of dispersive patch electrodes (DPEs), on the skin. This viewpoint describes the role of DPE positioning in optimizing lesion creation and reducing the risk of complications. Incorrect DPE placement can lead to suboptimal energy delivery, prolonging the procedure and/or increasing the risk of adverse events, such as steam pops and potentially fatal atrio-oesophageal fistula. Despite its importance, there is no consensus on the optimal positioning of DPE, and current studies require further improvement in predictive modelling.
Multielectrode catheter-based pulsed electric field vs. cryoballoon for atrial fibrillation ablation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vetta Giampaolo , Della Rocca Domenico Giovanni , Parlavecchio Antonio , Magnocavallo Michele , Sorgente Antonio , Pannone Luigi , Del Monte Alvise , Almorad Alexandre , Sieira Juan , Marcon Lorenzo , Doundoulakis Ioannis , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Audiat Charles , Nakasone Kazutaka , Bala Gezim , Ströker Erwin , Combes Stéphane , Overeinder Ingrid , Bianchi Stefano , Palmisano Pietro , Rossi Pietro , Boveda Serge , La Meir Marc , Natale Andrea , Sarkozy Andrea , de Asmundis Carlo , Chierchia Gian-Battista
Published: November 2024

Aims

Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is an innovative technology recently adopted for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Preclinical and clinical studies have reported a remarkable safety profile, as a result of its tissue-specific effect targeting cardiomyocytes and sparing adjacent tissues. Single-shot pentaspline system was the first PFA device to receive regulatory approval. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of PFA with the single-shot pentaspline system vs. currently available second-/third-/fourth-generation cryoballoon ablation (CRYO) technologies.

Methods and results

We systematically searched electronic databases for studies focusing on AF ablation employing the PFA single-shot pentaspline system or second-/third-/fourth-generation CRYO technologies. The primary endpoints were acute procedural success assessed on a vein and patient basis. Safety endpoints included overall periprocedural complications and major periprocedural complications. We also compared procedural, fluoroscopy times, and freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATs) at follow-up (secondary endpoints). Twenty and 70 studies were included for PFA and CRYO, respectively. Pulsed field ablation demonstrated greater acute procedural success on a vein basis (99.9% vs. 99.1%; P < 0.001), as well as per patient (99.5% vs. 98.4%; P < 0.001). Pulsed field ablation yielded lower overall periprocedural complications (3.1% vs. 5.6%; P < 0.001), shorter procedural time (75.9 min vs. 105.6 min; P < 0.001), and fluoroscopy time (14.2 min vs. 18.9 min; P < 0.001) compared with CRYO. No differences were found for major periprocedural complications (1.2% vs. 1.0%; P = 0.46) and freedom from ATs at 1 year (82.3% vs. 80.3%; log-rank P = 0.61).

Conclusion

Pulsed field ablation contributed to higher acute procedural success and safety compared with CRYO. No statistically significant differences in AT recurrence at 1-year follow-up were observed.
Fumigation with dimethyl trisulfide to inhibit Aspergillus flavus growth, aflatoxin B1 production and virulence
Authors: Yang Mingguan , Lu Honggui , Xiao Nan , Qin Yongjian , Sun Lei , Sun Rui
Published: November 2024

Aspergillus flavus is a common saprophytic aerobic fungus in oil crops that poses a serious threat worldwide with the carcinogenic aflatoxin. Prevention of aflatoxin B1 contamination has great significance to ensure food safety and reduce the economic loss. The present work focuses on the antagonistic activity against A. flavus growth in peanuts by fumigation with dimethyl trisulfide. The results indicated that dimethyl trisulfide exhibits great antifungal activity against A. flavus. The conidial germination and mycelial growth of A. flavus were completely suppressed after exposure to 15 and 20 µl/l of dimethyl trisulfide, respectively. Numerous deformed conidia were found after exposure to dimethyl trisulfide at high concentration (≥20 µl/l). Scanning electron microscope observation demonstrated that dimethyl trisulfide induced severely shrinking mycelia of A. flavus. The results of OD-260 nm absorption and rhodamine-123 fluorescent staining indicated that cell membrane and mitochondria may be legitimate antifungal targets of dimethyl trisulfide. Dimethyl triethyl has a significant inhibitory effect on A. flavus infection in peanuts. In addition, dimethyl trisulfide could reduce the production of aflatoxin B1 via down-regulation of toxin synthesis and regulatory gene expression. Dimethyl trisulfide can be a tremendous potential agent for the biological control of A. flavus and deepened our understanding of the anti-fungal mechanisms of volatile organic compounds.
Convergent Evolution Associated with the Loss of Developmental Diapause May Promote Extended Lifespan in Bees
Authors: Santos Priscila K F , Kapheim Karen M
Published: November 2024

Diapause has long been proposed to play a significant role in the evolution of eusociality in Hymenoptera. Recent studies have shown that shifts in the diapause stage precede social evolution in wasps and bees; however, the genomic basis remains unknown. Given the overlap in molecular pathways that regulate diapause and lifespan, we hypothesized that the evolutionary loss of developmental diapause may lead to extended lifespan among adults, which is a prerequisite for the evolution of eusociality. To test whether the loss of prepupal diapause is followed by genomic changes associated with lifespan extension, we compared 27 bee genomes with or without prepupal diapause. Our results point to several potential mechanisms for lifespan extension in species lacking prepupal diapause, including the loss of the growth hormone PTTH and its receptor TORSO, along with convergent selection in genes known to regulate lifespan in animals. Specifically, we observed purifying selection of prolongevity genes and relaxed selection of antilongevity genes within the IIS/TOR pathway in species that have lost prepupal diapause. Changes in selection pressures on this pathway may lead to the evolution of new phenotypes, such as lifespan extension and altered responses to nutritional signals that are crucial for social evolution.
The role of complement factor I rare genetic variants in age related macular degeneration in Finland
Authors: Andreadi Anneliza , Hallam Thomas M , Brocklebank Vicky , Sharp Scott J , Walsh Patrick R , Southerington Tom , Hautalahti Marco , Steel David H , Lotery Andrew J , Harris Claire L , Marchbank Kevin J , Kavanagh David , Jones Amy V
Published: November 2024

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the developed world. The alternative pathway (AP) of complement has been linked to the pathogenesis of AMD. In particular, rare variants (RVs) in the complement factor I (CFI) gene encoding the Factor I (FI) protein confer increased AMD risk. The prevalence of CFI RVs are well characterised in European AMD, however little is known about other populations. The Finnish population underwent genetic restriction events which have skewed allele frequencies in unexpected ways. A series of novel or enriched CFI RVs were identified in individuals with dry AMD from the Finnish Biobank Cooperative (FINBB), but the relationship between these genotypes and contribution to disease was unclear. Understanding how RVs impact the ability of FI to regulate the complement system is important to inform mechanistic understanding for how different genotypes contribute to disease development. To explore this a series of in vitro assays were used to functionally characterise the protein products of 3 CFI RVs enriched in FINBB dry AMD, where no prior data were available. The G547R variant resulted in almost complete loss of both classical pathway and AP regulatory potential. The c.982 g>a variant encoding G328R FI perturbed an exon splice enhancer site which resulted in exon skipping and a premature stop codon in vitro and low levels of FI in vivo. Despite detailed analysis no defect in levels or function was demonstrated in T107A. Functional characterization of all Finnish CFI RVs in the cohort allowed us to demonstrate that in Finnish dry AMD, collectively the type 1 CFI RVs (associated with FI haploinsufficiency) were significantly enriched with odds ratio (ORs) of 72.6 (95% confidence interval; CI 16.92 to 382.1). Meanwhile, type 2 CFI RVs (associated with FI dysfunction) collectively conferred a significant OR of 4.97 (95% CI 1.522 to 15.74), and non-impaired or normal CFI RV collectively conferred an of OR 3.19 (95% CI 2.410 to 4.191) although this was driven primarily by G261D. Overall, this study for the first time determined the ORs and functional effect for all CFI RVs within a Geographic Atrophy (GA) cohort, enabling calculations of combined risk scores that underline the risk conferred by type 1 and 2 CFI RVs in GA/AMD.
Interactive prototype development and evaluation of low-carbon products through virtual reality technology
Authors: Zhang Xianfa , Cheng Haitao
Published: November 2024

The rapid advancement of virtual reality (VR) technology has offered innovative avenues for the design of low-carbon products. This research introduces an integrated 3D VR product design platform and proposes a product interaction effect evaluation system based on membership functions. The results indicate that the platform surpasses traditional systems in terms of visualization effect, image quality, design duration, and production efficiency. Additionally, through the application of fuzzy matrices in gesture recognition, the experimental results demonstrate superior performance in task time, error frequency, and recognition efficiency, thereby reducing computational resource consumption and carbon emissions.
Economic Inequality and Public Support for Redistribution in Europe: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Velev Valentin , Schmidt-Catran Alexander W
Published: November 2024

The relationship between economic inequality and public demand for redistribution has been studied for some decades now. Most empirical studies in this field refer to the median-voter hypothesis, which claims that higher inequality will increase demand for redistribution. Yet, the empirical results remain largely inconclusive. In replicating and expanding Schmidt-Catran (2016; https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwu030), we provide a statistical analysis of the association between inequality and demand for redistribution, using linear mixed-effects models, which allow for the simultaneous estimation of cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships. We test our hypotheses using comparative longitudinal individual-level data from 2002 to 2018 and an extensive set of country-level control variables. We also apply a variety of robustness checks. Our results suggest that higher inequality does increase public demand for redistribution, but it does not have the expected positive interaction effects with individuals’ relative income position. Implications of these results and directions for future research are also discussed.
One Health Networks for Infectious Diseases Surveillance and Pandemic Preparedness in Central and South America
Authors: Guezala Maria Claudia , Schilling Megan A
Published: November 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 2019 pandemic prompted the emergence of collaborative initiatives within South America and the Caribbean, to tackle common challenges. Many initiatives included local government, international entities, military, academia, and research institutions, united to face the challenges brought by the pandemic. Some collaborations were new, but most were built on top of existing networks developed to prevent and control challenges like zoonotic diseases. In the last 40 years, the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit (NAMRU) SOUTH has helped ensure the readiness and health of U.S. service members, Peruvian partners, and civilian population through research, surveillance, and global health, covering One Health interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health to address zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and vector-borne diseases. This article puts together the different communications, data sharing, and initiatives developed throughout South America towards One Health surveillance, focusing on zoonotic pathogens, and to describe the best practices for these networks.
Experimental evolution at ecological scales allows linking of viral genotypes to specific host strains
Authors: Ramos-Barbero María Dolores , Aldeguer-Riquelme Borja , Viver Tomeu , Villamor Judith , Carrillo-Bautista Miryam , López-Pascual Cristina , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T , Martínez-García Manuel , Santos Fernando , Rossello-Mora Ramon , Antón Josefa
Published: November 2024

Viruses shape microbial community structure and activity through the control of population diversity and cell abundances. Identifying and monitoring the dynamics of specific virus-host pairs in nature is hampered by the limitations of culture-independent approaches such as metagenomics, which do not always provide strain-level resolution, and culture-based analyses, which eliminate the ecological background and in-situ interactions. Here, we have explored the interaction of a specific “autochthonous” host strain and its viruses within a natural community. Bacterium Salinibacter ruber strain M8 was spiked into its environment of isolation, a crystallizer pond from a coastal saltern, and the viral and cellular communities were monitored for one month using culture, metagenomics, and microscopy. Metagenome sequencing indicated that the M8 abundance decreased sharply after being added to the pond, likely due to forces other than viral predation. However, the presence of M8 selected for two species of a new viral genus, Phoenicisalinivirus, for which 120 strains were isolated. During this experiment, an assemblage of closely related viral genomic variants was replaced by a single population with the ability to infect M8, a scenario which was compatible with the selection of a genomic variant from the rare biosphere. Further analysis implicated a viral genomic region putatively coding for a tail fiber protein to be responsible for M8 specificity. Our results indicate that low abundance viral genotypes provide a viral seed bank that allows for a highly specialized virus-host response within a complex ecological background.
Investigation of cefiderocol resistance prevalence and resistance mechanisms in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Germany 2019–21
Authors: Kocer Kaan , Boutin Sébastien , Moll Maximilian , Nurjadi Dennis
Published: November 2024

Background

Cefiderocol, a novel siderophore cephalosporin, is a promising therapeutic option for infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We evaluated the activity of cefiderocol against carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (Cr-Pa) isolates and investigated the potential mechanisms involved in resistance.

Methods

108 CR-Pa isolates collected from patients without prior exposure to the substance were studied. MICs of cefiderocol were determined by broth microdilution using iron-depleted cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth. Whole genome sequencing was performed to investigate the potential resistance mechanisms by comparing resistant and susceptible P. aeruginosa isolates and identifying unique mutations in the resistant group.

Results

Of the 108 isolates, nine were resistant to cefiderocol with MIC values ranging from 4 to 32 mg/L. The genetic analysis revealed a broad spectrum of mutations in the resistant isolates associated with iron uptake systems, efflux pumps, AmpC β-lactamase and penicillin-binding proteins. The most frequently observed mutations among the resistant isolates were located in fptA, fpvB and chtA. Notably, the presence of carbapenemases did not correlate with cefiderocol resistance.

Conclusions

Our findings show the low prevalence of cefiderocol resistance among CR-Pa isolates, showing its potential as an effective treatment option. However, the complex genetic landscape of resistance mechanisms, particularly mutations affecting iron transport and other TonB-dependent receptors, requires continuous monitoring and functional analyses to identify and manage potential resistance mechanisms. This study provides a foundation for future research to improve antimicrobial resistance prediction and develop targeted therapies against CR-Pa.
Medical school ranking and provider outpatient Medicare Part D claims for antibiotics among older patients in the USA
Authors: Al Mohajer Mayar , Slusky David , Nix David , Nicodemo Catia
Published: November 2024

Background

Our study aimed to assess whether there was a relationship between graduating from higher-ranked medical schools and the rate of prescribing antibiotics among Medicare Part D providers in the USA.

Methods

The study obtained data from the Medicare Part D Prescribers (FY2013-2021) and the Doctor and Clinicians National repositories. A regression model was fitted to assess the relationship between provider medical school ranking and the rate of antibiotic days supplied per 100 beneficiaries at the provider level.

Results

A total of 197 540 providers were included. No association was found between the medical school ranking and the rate of antibiotics days supplied per 100 beneficiaries. Instead, the type of provider is associated with the prescription rates. Hospitalists and Emergency Medicine providers had fewer days supplied per 100 beneficiaries than Family Medicine providers. In contrast, students, more experienced providers (>20 years since medical school graduation) and females had more days supplied per 100 beneficiaries.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the need for robust outpatient stewardship interventions and incorporating an outcome-based approach to antibiotic stewardship curricula in medical and mid-level provider schools.
Opportunities for the informatics community to advance learning health systems
Authors: Gunderson Melissa A , Embí Peter , Friedman Charles P , Melton Genevieve B
Published: November 2024

Objectives

There is rapidly growing interest in learning health systems (LHSs) nationally and globally. While the critical role of informatics is recognized, the informatics community has been relatively slow to formalize LHS as a priority area.

Materials and Methods

We compiled results from a short survey of LHS leaders and American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) members, discussion from an LHS reception at the AMIA annual meeting, and a follow-up survey to inform priorities at the intersection of LHS and informatics.

Results

We present opportunities between informatics and LHS which fell into themes of: Understanding and Context, Shared Resources, Collaboration, Education, Data, Evaluation, and Patient Centeredness. Immediate LHS informatics priorities identified include establishing informatics LHS forum(s), case reports of LHS informatics successes and failures, LHS informatics education resources, and improved understanding of LHS principles in informatics.

Conclusion

Increased informatics and LHS alignment is critical for advancing this transformative national priority.
Factors affecting the length of productive life in U.S. Katahdin ewes
Authors: Pinto Luis F B , Lewis Ronald M , Rocha Artur O , Freking Brad A , Murphy Tom W , Wilson Carrie S , Nilson Sara M , Burke Joan M , Brito Luiz F
Published: November 2024

The length of ewe productive life (LPL), defined as the number of days between the first and last lambing, is a key indicator of ewe longevity and is directly related to the sustainability of the sheep industry. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to investigate systematic effects influencing LPL in Katahdin sheep. The LPL of 10,474 Katahdin ewes (69.5% with uncensored and 30.5% with right-censored observations) born between 1992 and 2021 in 58 flocks located across the United States were analyzed. The Kaplan–Meier (K-M) and Cox proportional hazard (Cox PH) methods were used to estimate survival probability. Four Cox PH models were evaluated. Model 1 included contemporary group (CG; flock–year–season of ewe birth) as a random effect and the ewe’s dam’s age (EDA), ewe’s own birth-rearing type (BR; 1/1, 2/1, 2/2, 3/2, 3/3, with the digit-3 including lamb counts ≥ 3), and age at first lambing (AFL) as fixed effects. Models 2 to 4 were an extension of model 1. Model 2 also included average lamb birth weight (ABW) per ewe lifetime, while model 3 included average lamb weaning weight (AWW) per ewe lifetime. Both ABW and AWW were fitted as fixed effects. Model 4 fitted all previous effects together. The factors CG, BR, ABW, and AWW affected LPL (P < 0.05) in all models in which these effects were fitted. The EDA effect only influenced LPL (P < 0.05) in model 1, while AFL had no effect (P > 0.05) in any model. The median LPL ranged from approximately 2 to 3 yr, depending on the risk factors analyzed. In general, Katahdin ewes themselves born in multiple litters, and that produced lambs weighing approximately 5 kg at lambing and 20 to 25 kg at weaning (over their lifespan) had better survival probability. Although the LPL of Katahdin sheep is relatively low, it appears to be a consequence of voluntary culling due to its association with both ABW and AWW. Future studies should quantify the rate of involuntary culling in Katahdin ewes to identify whether longevity indicator traits should be included in more comprehensive breeding objectives.
Can Contrast-Enhanced Mammography Improve Positive Predictive Value for Diagnostic Workup of Suspicious Findings? A Single-Arm Prospective Study
Authors: Shames Jason , Nguyen Adrien , Sciotto Maria , Zorn Lisa , Kaufman Theresa , Wilkes Annina , Sevrukov Alexander , Kaushik Chhavi , Patel Ripple , Pascarella Suzanne , Byrd Ashlee , Liao Lydia
Published: November 2024

Objective

To assess the positive predictive value-3 (PPV3) and negative predictive value (NPV) of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) when added to the diagnostic workup of suspicious breast findings.

Methods

This prospective study was IRB approved. We recruited 99 women with abnormal findings on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and/or US to undergo CEM prior to biopsy. Based on final pathology outcomes, PPV3 and NPV were calculated and compared using N-1 chi-squared tests with P-values and 95% CIs.

Results

Final pathologic outcome yielded 56.6% (56/99) benign, 5.1% (5/99) benign with upgrade potential (BWUP), and 38.4% (38/99) malignant lesions. Final pathologic outcomes for the 63 positive CEMs yielded 33.3% (21/63) benign, 6.3% (4/63) BWUP, and 60.3% (38/63) malignant lesions. Adding CEM to the diagnostic workup significantly increased PPV3 from 38.4% (38/99) to 60.3% (38/63) (P <.01; 95% CI, 6.1-36.2). Negative predictive value was 100% (36/36) for CEM, 92.9% (13/14; P = .1; 95% CI, -4.2 to 31.4) for DBT, and 75.9% (22/29; P <.05; 95% CI, 8.8-42.1) for US. The number of unnecessary biopsies could be reduced by 36.4% (from 100% [99/99] to 63.6% [63/99]).

Conclusion

Adding CEM to the diagnostic workup of suspicious breast findings could improve PPV3 to prevent unnecessary biopsies.
Brand Corporateness: Measurement and Symbolic Meaning of an Unfavorable Brand Association
Authors: Reich Brandon J , Hanson Sara
Published: November 2024

This research establishes brand corporateness as a novel brand association that most consumers find unfavorable. Exploratory focus group findings first illuminate consumer meaning structures and attitudes around brand corporateness. An inductive grounded theory approach suggests three core (hierarchical, mechanistic, opaque) and three ancillary (ubiquitous, traditional, strategic) dimensions of the construct, informing a subsequent literature review that theoretically confirms this structure. Our theorizing also suggests that greater corporateness diminishes consumers’ self-brand connection because the symbolic meanings of its core dimensions clash with several fundamental human values, a negative effect that is heightened among more politically liberal consumers. The main empirical work then develops and validates a measure of brand corporateness across 11 studies using best practices in scale development. After a rigorous item generation and refinement process, our studies provide converging evidence for the scale’s structural, nomological, discriminant, predictive, and ecological validity.
The story so far: scoping review of narratives in deaf children
Authors: Puhlman Jane , Sabatino Lauren , DeLuca Zara Waldman , Lorio Ciera , Decker Lindsay
Published: November 2024

Narrative language samples can be used to measure language development in children, but research on narrative development in deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children is scarce, limiting knowledge of developmental stages and best practices for collection and analysis. This scoping review included 39 articles that explored recent methodologies and achievements in oral or signed narratives of DHH children, including comparisons with hearing peers and within-group analyses of early auditory experience, device use, and other measures. Articles featured DHH participants aged < 4 to 18 years, varying in device use, communication modalities, and educational settings. Most studies utilized story generation tasks with early elementary-aged children and analyzed either microstructure or macrostructure. Mixed results in comparisons with hearing children emphasized the need to consider individual differences (e.g., speech perception and age of spoken language access) in DHH narrative assessments. Findings also suggest that comparability across studies would be improved by more consistent terminology and procedures in narrative collection/analysis.
‘We Fear For Our Lives’: Understanding, Responding and Mitigating the Impact of Climate Change on the Malawian Prison System
Authors: Van Hout Marie Claire , Kaima Ruth , Mhango Apatsa Mangwana , Kasunda Vivian , Mhango Victor , Ong David M , Kewley Stephanie
Published: November 2024

Prisons are frequently excluded from hazard risk management, disaster mitigation planning particularly in the aftermath of climate disasters. People deprived of their liberty are wholly reliant on the State, and unable to protect themselves from climate related threats. This is especially the case in Africa where over one million people are incarcerated. We report from Malawi, a least developed country in sub-Saharan Africa, where the system is operating over 234 per cent capacity. With no climate change responsive prison policy, nor research on this topic despite evidence for disrupted agriculture and seasonal cyclone activity; we conducted a rapid situation assessment to evaluate the impact of climate change on the Malawi prison system operations. Interviews and small focus groups were conducted with professional stakeholders (n = 12), prison officers (n = 15), juvenile prisoners (n = 10), and former prisoners (n = 50). Reflexive thematic analysis revealed six themes: climate impacts and infrastructural challenges; extreme life-threatening events and (in)ability to evacuate; fluctuating temperatures, prison system congestion and ventilation; water crisis and environmental health; navigating crop failures, interrupted grain supply and food (in)security; and circulation of disease and amplified health vulnerability. Findings illustrate how climate change poses substantial challenges to congested prison operations in Malawi; infrastructure protection, sanitation and maintenance; (in)ability to safely evacuate; power, water and food shortages; and circulation of disease. Vulnerable prisoners include women, children and people with disabilities. The assessment evidence will inform the development of a climate responsive prison action plan for the Malawi Prison system and represent an exemplar for the Southern African region.
High-grade serous carcinoma occurring after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in BRCA1/2 germline pathogenic variant carriers
Authors: Stroot Iris A S , Bart Joost , Hollema Harry , Wagner Marise M , Yigit Refika , van Doorn Helena C , de Hullu Joanne A , Gaarenstroom Katja N , van Beurden Marc , van Lonkhuijzen Luc R C W , Slangen Brigitte F M , Zweemer Ronald P , Gómez Garcia Encarna B , Ausems Margreet G E M , Komdeur Fenne L , van Asperen Christi J , Adank Muriel A , Wevers Marijke R , Hooning Maartje J ,   HEBON Investigators, Schmidt M K , Hogervorst F B L , van Leeuwen F E , Adank M A , Stommel-Jenner D J , de Groot R , Vieveen E , Collée J M , Geurts-Giele I , Hooning M J , Boere I A , van Asperen C J , Devilee P , van der Luijt R B , Wevers M R , Mensenkamp A R , de Hullu J A , Ausems M G E M , Koole W , van Engelen K , Gille J J P , Gómez García E B , Blok M J , Berger L P V , van der Hout A H , de Bock G H , Yigit R , Siesling S , Verloop J , Voorham Q J M , Mourits Marian J E , de Bock Geertruida H
Published: November 2024

Background

Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) effectively prevents high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) in BRCA1/2 germline pathogenic variant (GPV) carriers. Still, some women develop HGSC after RRSO without pathological findings. This study assessed long-term incidence and risk factors for developing HGSC after RRSO without pathological findings.

Methods

BRCA1/2 GPV carriers were selected from the Hereditary Breast and Ovarian cancer in the Netherlands (HEBON) cohort. Follow-up data for HGSC after RRSO were obtained from the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Databank (PALGA) and confirmed by histopathological review. Cumulative incidence rates of HGSC were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analyses. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with an increased risk of HGSC after RRSO without pathological findings.

Results

A total of 2519 women were included, with a median follow-up of 13.4 years (range: 0.0-27.6 years). The 20-year cumulative incidence rate of HGSC was 1.5% (95% CI = 0.0 to 2.1) for BRCA1 and 0.2% (95% CI = 0.0 to 1.4) for BRCA2 GPV carriers. All women who developed HGSC underwent RRSO after the recommended age. Incomplete embedding of the RRSO specimen (HR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.4 to 12.6), higher age at RRSO (HR per year = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0 to 1.1), and carrying a BRCA1 GPV (HR = 12.1, 95% CI = 1.6 to 91.2) were associated with increased risk of HGSC.

Conclusions

In BRCA1/2 GPV carriers, long-term incidence of HGSC after RRSO without pathological findings was low. Strict adherence to guidelines regarding timely RRSO followed by complete specimen embedding can further reduce the risk of HGSC in the years after RRSO.
Trilaciclib prior to FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab for patients with untreated metastatic colorectal cancer: phase 3 PRESERVE 1 trial
Authors: Lenz Heinz-Josef , Liu Tianshu , Chen Emerson Y , Horváth Zsolt , Bondarenko Igor , Danielewicz Iwona , Ghidini Michele , García-Alfonso Pilar , Jones Robert , Aapro Matti , Zhang Yanqiao , Wang Jufeng , Wang Wayne , Adeleye Jennifer , Beelen Andrew , Hubbard Joleen
Published: November 2024

Background

In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), improvements in survival from combining leucovorin/fluorouracil/oxaliplatin/irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) with bevacizumab have come at the risk of increased rates of high-grade toxicities. Trilaciclib is indicated to decrease the incidence of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in patients receiving standard-of-care chemotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.

Methods

Patients with untreated mCRC were randomly assigned 1:1 to trilaciclib (n = 164) or placebo (n = 162) prior to FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab for up to 12 cycles (induction), followed by trilaciclib or placebo prior to fluorouracil/leucovorin/bevacizumab (maintenance). Co-primary endpoints were duration of severe (grade 4) neutropenia (DSN) in cycles 1-4 and occurrence of severe neutropenia (SN) during induction. Secondary endpoints included antitumor efficacy, survival, and safety.

Results

The study met its co-primary endpoints. Administering trilaciclib prior to FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab resulted in significant reductions in DSN in cycles 1-4 vs placebo (mean, 0.1 vs 1.3 days; P < .001) and occurrence of SN during induction (1.3% vs 19.7%; adjusted relative risk [96% CI] = 0.07 [0.0 to 0.3]; P < .001). Grade 3/4 adverse events, including neutropenia, diarrhea, and leukopenia, were less frequent with trilaciclib vs placebo (64.8% vs 73.1%). Trilaciclib was associated with fewer chemotherapy dose reductions and delays and with reduced administration of supportive therapies, compared with placebo. Objective response rate (41.6% vs 57.1%; P = .009) and median progression-free survival (10.3 vs 13.1 months; P < .001) were significantly lower with trilaciclib vs placebo.

Conclusions

Administering trilaciclib prior to FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab protected the neutrophil lineage from the effects of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. However, antitumor efficacy endpoints favored placebo.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04607668.
Hippocampal dentate gyrus dysplasia and the risk of sudden unexpected death
Authors: Miller Douglas C , Scheitler Kristen M , Holloway Jeffery , Stacy C Christopher
Published: November 2024

Hippocampal dentate gyral dysplasia is well-described in temporal lobe epilepsy and may be a risk factor for sudden, unexpected death in several populations: infants (sudden infant death syndrome [SIDS], sudden unexpected infant death [SUID]), toddlers (sudden unexpected death of a child [SUDC]), and epileptics (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy [SUDEP]). We examined reports and histopathological slides from autopsies performed at our institution from 2008 through 2016 to determine whether the presence or absence of any of the described forms of such dysplasias (duplications, hyperconvolutions, and granule cell dispersion, including bilamination), correlated with the causes of death. From well over 4000 autopsies, we identified 949 autopsies with a neuropathology examination by a neuropathologist. Of these, 205 cases (21.6%) had 1 or more of the described abnormalities of 1 or both dentate gyri; 87 (42.4%) of the individuals in this group of 205 autopsies had died suddenly and unexpectedly, including 29/90 (32.2%) cases of SUDEP, 17/31 (54.8%) cases of SUDC, and 51/104 (49.0%) cases of infants with SIDS or SUID. We conclude that these changes are readily recognizable by experienced neuropathologists and that because they are overrepresented in an autopsy population that died suddenly and unexpectedly, they may represent a risk factor for such outcomes.
Liposomal topical drug administration surpasses alternative methods in glaucoma therapeutics: a novel paradigm for enhanced treatment
Authors: Nordin Nor Asyikin , Sadikan Muhammad Zulfiqah , Lambuk Lidawani , Hashim Sabarisah , Airuddin Syahira , Mohd Nasir Nur-Azida , Mohamud Rohimah , Ibrahim Jamal , Kadir Ramlah
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Glaucoma is a leading cause of permanent blindness. Despite therapeutic advancements, glaucoma management remains challenging due to limitations of conventional drug delivery, primarily topical eye drops, resulting in suboptimal outcomes and a global surge in cases. To address these issues, liposomal drug delivery has emerged as a promising approach.

Key findings

This review explores the potential of liposomal-based medications, with a particular focus on topical administration as a superior alternative to enhance therapeutic efficacy and improve patient compliance compared to existing treatments. This writing delves into the therapeutic prospects of liposomal formulations across different administration routes, as evidenced by ongoing clinical trials. Additionally, critical aspects of liposomal production and market strategies are discussed herein.

By overcoming ocular barriers and optimizing drug delivery, liposomal topical administration holds the key to significantly improving glaucoma treatment outcomes.
Necklace sign in Melioidosis
Authors: Sebastian Anjely , Gupta Nitin , Varma Muralidhar , Mukhopadhyay Chiranjay
Published: November 2024

Melioidosis is an important differential in patients presenting with a multiloculated liver abscess, especially in diabetic individuals from endemic areas. Multiloculated liver abscess with a clear centre and locules arranged peripherally along the circumference (necklace sign) is highly specific for melioidosis.
Ethylene modulates wheat response to phosphate deficiency
Authors: Wang Ruonan , Bowerman Andrew F , Chen Yinglong , Zheng Lu , Shen Renfang , Pogson Barry , Lan Ping
Published: November 2024

Ethylene is involved in the response to P deficiency in some model plants such as Arabidopsis and rice, but its role in wheat remains unclear. Following our recent study demonstrating the role of differentially expressed genes encoding ethylene response factors (ERFs) in response to P starvation in wheat, this study aims to investigate remodeling of the ethylene pathway and the physiological roles of ethylene in wheat under P deficiency using transcriptome analysis and the addition of the exogenous ethylene analogue, ethephon, or ethylene inhibitors. ERFs with at least a 2-fold expression change upon P deficiency had a distribution biased towards chromosome 4B. A group of genes encoding aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase were up-regulated under P starvation, suggesting an increase in ACC and ethylene content, which was verified by biochemical measurements and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Under P deficiency, both root and shoot biomass decreased with application of exogenous ethephon or ethylene inhibitors, while root fork numbers and root surface area decreased upon ethephon treatment. Phosphate (Pi) concentrations in roots and old leaves increased with ethephon treatment, and Pi redistribution in roots and younger leaves was altered under Pi starvation. Our findings can guide breeding of germplasm with high Pi efficiency.