bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IL-37 attenuated HPV induced inflammation of oral epithelial cells via inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR
Authors: Shi Yahong , Liu Ning , Bai Yunfang , Li Kunshan , Li Chencong , Hou Yujiao
Published: September 2024

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection globally, with significant implications for various anogenital cancers, such as vulval, vaginal, anal, penile, and head and neck cancers. HPV infections have been linked to the induction of inflammation. In contrast, Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is recognized as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. In this study, two distinct types of oral epithelial cells were employed to investigate the impact of HPV on inflammation. The results demonstrated a significant induction of inflammation by HPV in both types of oral epithelial cells. Interestingly, IL-37 exhibited a mitigating effect, attenuating the HPV-induced inflammation in oral epithelial cells. Further exploration into the molecular mechanisms involved revealed that knockdown (KD) of PI3K compromised the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-37 in response to HPV. Similarly, KD of AKT was found to compromise the regulatory effects of IL-37 on HPV-induced inflammation. Notably, KD of mTOR was identified as a key factor, compromising the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-37 in the context of HPV-induced inflammation. Additionally, the study uncovered that the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, could effectively compromise the effects of IL-37 on HPV-induced inflammation. These findings contribute valuable insights into the intricate pathogenesis of HPV-induced inflammation and may pave the way for the development of innovative treatments for this condition.
Sucrose-induced biosynthesis of pharmaceutically important secondary cell products in cell suspension cultures of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.)
Authors: Ahmad Naveed , Ahmad Nisar , Fazal Hina , Ali Mohammad , Egertsdotter Ulrika , Ullah Farman , Zhang Guiguo
Published: September 2024

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) is well known for production of pharmaceutically important and nontoxic steviol glycosides (SGs) which can be used as alternative sweeteners to regular sugar. The primary focus of this report was to investigate the sweet diterpenes in cell suspension cultures with different growth responses to sucrose. Initially, different concentrations of carbon source (sucrose; 05–50 g l− 1) were tested for the establishment of cell suspension culture and growth kinetics were determined for 30 days period with three days intervals for each treatment. Cultures collected at late-log phase (day-18) were used for determination of steviosides, rebaudioside-A, dulcoside-A, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. The results showed maximum values for fresh biomass (97.71 g l− 1-FW), dry biomass (8.57 g l− 1-DW), rebaudioside-A content (27.64 mg/g-DW) and dulcoside-A content (6.43 mg/g-DW) in response to 20 g l− 1. The cultures grown with 30 g l− 1sucrose exhibited maximum stevioside content (42.23 mg/g-DW) and highest antioxidant activity (83.87%). However, the exposure of suspended cells to sucrose (40 g l− 1) improved total phenolic (139.20 mg/g-DW) and total flavonoid (41.46 mg/g-DW) contents. The correlation studies showed strongly positive correlation of dry biomass and phenolics and flavonoids contents respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was positively correlated with phenolics and flavonoids contents, but not with steviol glycoside content. This work shows the potential for utilizing liquid suspension cultures of S. rebaudiana for enhanced production of SGs and antioxidant phenolic metabolites.
Integrating Spatial Analysis of Land Surface Temperature and Green Space Suitability: An Advanced Approach to Urban and Peri-Urban Planning
Authors: Parvar Zahra , Mohammadzadeh Marjan , Saeidi Sepideh
Published: September 2024

Sustainable urban development requires a comprehensive understanding of land surface temperature (LST) and the factors that influence it, especially in rapidly urbanizing areas. This study introduces an approach that integrates Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) with Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to enhance green space (GS) planning in Bojnourd City, Iran. By merging these techniques, the research identifies critical areas where high suitability for green space development coincides with LST hotspots, offering a robust tool for urban planners. LST mapping was conducted using the radiative transfer equation (RTE) method with Landsat 8 data. GS suitability was evaluated through an MCE framework incorporating Weighted Linear Combination (WLC), fuzzy set analysis, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Zonal Land Suitability (ZLS) methods. The GWR model demonstrated superior predictive accuracy over the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model, evidenced by a higher R² and lower AIC. This combined analysis identified 255 hectares within the city and 4,393.9 hectares in the expansion zones as prime locations for urban green spaces (UGS) and peri-urban agriculture and forestry (P-UGS) development. Overall, the study's approach demonstrates a valuable framework for advancing green space management and enhancing climate change adaptation strategies.
Fine-tuning of conditional Transformers for the generation of functionally characterized enzymes
Authors: Valentini Giorgio , Nicolini Marco , Saitto Emanuele , Franco Ruben Jimenez , Cavalleri Emanuele , Mesiti Marco , Galeano Aldo , Malchiodi Dario , Paccanaro Alberto , Robinson Peter , Casiraghi Elena
Published: September 2024

We introduce Finenzyme, a Protein Language Model (PLM) that employs a multifaceted learning strategy based on transfer learning from a decoder-based Transformer, conditional learning using specific functional keywords, and fine-tuning to model specific Enzyme Commission (EC) categories.
Using Finenzyme, we investigate the conditions under which fine-tuning enhances the prediction and generation of EC categories, showing a two-fold perplexity improvement in EC-specific categories compared to a generalist model.
Our extensive experimentation shows that Finenzyme generated sequences can be very different from natural ones while retaining similar tertiary structures, functions and chemical kinetics of their natural counterparts.
Importantly, the embedded representations of the generated enzymes closely resemble those of natural ones, thus making them suitable for downstream tasks.
Finally, we illustrate how Finenzyme can be used in practice to generate enzymes characterized by specific functions using in-silico directed evolution, a computationally inexpensive PLM fine-tuning procedure significantly enhancing and assisting targeted enzyme engineering tasks.
The Hidden Cost of Stress: Exploring the Role of Knowledge Hiding in Innovation and Leader Support Dynamics
Authors: Jeong Jeeyoon , Lee Ji Hoon , Karau Steven J.
Published: September 2024

This study, grounded in conservation of resources theory, investigates how job stress hinders innovation through knowledge hiding, with leader support as a moderating factor. Analyzing data from 496 employees in South Korea, we found job stress diminishes innovation, a process partly due to increased knowledge hiding. However, leader support can mitigate job stress's effects on knowledge hiding and its indirect impact on innovation. Results highlight knowledge hiding's critical role in stress-related innovation decline, showcasing how supportive leadership can counteract stress's negative consequences on organizational innovation. Implications for theory and practice are explored.
Determination of Air Quality Through Analysis of Rainwater in Selected Geographical Areas in Kandy and Kurunegala Districts
Authors: Karunarathna Hasini , Priyantha Namal
Published: September 2024

Dissolution of environmental pollutants, which are released mainly by anthropogenic sources, would alter the chemistry of rainwater, which affects ecosystems including humans. As industrial activated are steadily increased over time, the chemistry of rainwater is continuously changing. As such, it is of vital importance to monitor the rainwater quality to understand the levels of rainwater quality and to predict future risks so that protective measures could be taken. In this context, the study reported was aimed to investigate the chemical characteristics of bulk precipitation in selected areas in Kandy and Kurunegala districts representing urban and semiurban areas, namely, Kandy city, University of Peradeniya (UOP) and a suburb area of Kurunegala (Mallawapitiya) over a period of six months from May 2023 to November 2023, collecting samples on a weekly basis. A total of 75 samples analyzed for rainwater quality parameters using standard procedures revealed that the Kandy, UOP and Kurunegala sites had 32%, 20% and 28% dry-only precipitation events, respectively. A few acidic precipitation events (12%) were recorded in Kandy, and no acidic precipitation was recorded at the sites of the UOP and Kurunegala. The volume weighted mean (VWM) total hardness of the three sites were 5.91 mg CaCO3 L− 1 (Kandy), 3.90 mg CaCO3 L− 1 (UOP), and 4.54 mg CaCO3 L− 1 (Kurunegala), respectively, revealing that rainwater of all sampling sites was soft. The VWM concentration of major anions of the Kandy site was in the order of SO42− < NO3− < Cl− while the other two sites had the order NO3− < SO42− < Cl−. The VWM concentrations of trace metals varied in the order of Pb < Cu < Mn < Fe < Zn < Al in both Kandy and UOP sites while in Kurunegala they varied as Pb < Mn < Cu < Fe < Zn < Al. Pearson correlation analysis showed that all three sites exhibit a very strong positive correlation between conductivity and salinity and a very strong to strong correlation between [Cl−] – [SO4 2−], [Cl−] – rainfall, and [Al] – [Fe]. Probable sources of these pollutants are vehicular emissions, crustal origin, biomass burning, industries, and agricultural activities.
Settlement prediction of micropile supported raft using machine learning: modelling and performance evaluation
Authors: Mukherjee Aranya , Borthakur Nirmali
Published: September 2024

Micropiles are composed of steel bars and grouts which can effectively address the challenges of constructing medium-height and medium-weight structures on deep, soft clayey soil deposits. Micropile supported raft foundations not only regulate total as well as differential settlement but also boost the capacity. The accurate prediction of settlement for a micropile supported raft foundation is crucial due to diverse soil properties and complex soil foundation interaction. This paper presents the development of a machine learning-based settlement prediction model using different algorithms. A dataset consisting of 350 data of 13 distinct features of cast in situ micropile supported raft subjected to static load tests was used to develop and validate the model. Following that, the Pearson correlation coefficient is utilized to choose the most efficient features. Different algorithms such as Extreme gradient boosting, Random Forest regressor, Lasso regressor, Decision tree regressor, and Support vector regressor are used for settlement prediction of micropile supported raft using selected features. An evaluation of the model's performance is conducted using the root mean square error, mean absolute error and correlation coefficient. The results showed that the Extreme gradient boosting model performed better. The workability of this model is also justified using prevailing literature’s dataset.
Urinary Retention in Older Adults with Hyponatraemia admitted to Internal Medical and acute Geriatric wards
Authors: Shapiro Dvorah Sara , Ellis Raphael , Mouhtaseb Husam , Sonnenblick Moshe , Munter Gabriel
Published: September 2024

Background
Hyponatraemia and urinary retention are common medical problems. Whilst associations between the two are documented, research has not clearly highlighted the prevalence of urinary retention in hyponatraemic patients.
Objectives
Determining the prevalence of urinary retention in hyponatraemic patients and assessing whether urinary catheter insertion itself affects the correction rate.
Methods
A prospective, single centre, observational study including patients hospitalised in internal medicine and geriatric wards. A total of 199 patients were investigated: 100 with hyponatraemia ≤129 mEq/L, of these, 70 had severe hyponatraemia ≤125 mEq/L and 99 normonatraemic controls. The incidence of urinary retention was checked in all groups. Hyponatraemic patients underwent complete assessment for the cause of hyponatraemia and sodium levels were followed up for 48 hours.
Results:
There was a marked increase in the incidence of urinary retention in hyponatremic patients as compared to those with normal sodium levels (41% vs 21% p=0.004). When comparing to those with severe hyponatraemia, a slightly greater difference was found (44% vs 21% p=0.001). When comparing the hyponatraemic patients with and without urinary retention, there was no difference in sodium correction rate between the two groups. Patients with polyuria secondary to post obstructive diuresis had a more rapid sodium correction (9.2±6.8mEq/L vs 5.8±4.8mEq/L (p=0.05))
Conclusions:
There is a significantly higher prevalence of urinary retention in patients with hyponatremia which is associated with the severity of hyponatraemia. Post obstructive diuresis following catheter insertion is a predictor of rapid sodium correction. We recommend a routine bladder scan for all patients with hyponatraemia.
Ano5 Mutation Leads to Bone Dysfunction of Gnathodiaphyseal Dysplasia via Disturbing Akt Signaling
Authors: Li Hongyu , Wang Shengnan , Zhang Shuai , Dong Rui , Miao Congcong , Tian Zhenchuan , Hu Ying
Published: September 2024

Background
Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by osteosclerosis of the tubular bones and cemento-osseous lesions of the mandibles. Anoctamin 5 (ANO5) is the pathogenic gene, however, the specific molecular mechanism of GDD remains unclear. Herein, a knockin (Ano5KI/KI) mouse model expressing the human mutation p.Cys360Tyr was used to investigate the role of Akt signaling in enhanced osteogenesis and decreased osteoclastogenesis in GDD.
Methods
Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and mouse calvarial osteoblasts (mCOBs) were isolated from homozygous Ano5KI/KI mice and treated with SC79, a specific Akt activator. The differentiation and F-actin ring formation of osteoclasts were examined by TRAP and phalloidin staining, respectively. Osteoblast differentiation and mineralization were examined by ALP and alizarin red staining. The expression of bone remodeling-related factors was measured by qRT-PCR.
Results
Akt activation promoted the generation of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts and the formation of actin rings in Ano5KI/KI BMMs cultures, accompanied by increased expression of Nfatc1, Trap, Dc-stamp, Mmp9, Ctsk, and Atp6v0d2. Additionally, Ano5Cys360Tyr mutation down-regulated the Akt phosphorylation level in osteoblast. ALP activity and matrix mineralization capacity in Ano5KI/KI osteoblast cultures were inhibited after SC79 stimulation, with reduced expression of Runx2, Opn, Col1a1, and Ocn.
Conclusion
Akt activation by SC79 stimulation can obviously rescue abnormal increased osteogenesis and decreased osteoclastogenesis in Ano5KI/KI mouse model, which demonstrated that disturbed Akt signaling pathway may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of GDD, and an Akt activator is probable a therapeutic target for GDD.
Chitosan modified diatomite cross-linked with sodium alginate and polyethyleneimine composite gel particles for efficient removal of copper and lead ions
Authors: Sun Jianjun , Zhang Zongrui , Yu Mengyun , Xu Weiwei , Bai Guona , Xiang Yixin , Li Mengqun
Published: September 2024

This study involved the synthesis of a novel composite gel consisting of chitosan modified diatomite (DE/CS), sodium alginate (SA), and polyethyleneimine (PEI) (DE/CS-PEI@SA) using the ion crosslinking method. The micro characteristics of the composite gels were examined through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry/thermal gravimetric analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller systems. Their adsorption properties and mechanisms towards copper Cu(II) and lead Pb(II) ions were investigated using infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Zeta potential analyses. The DE/CS-PEI@SA composite gels exhibit numerous uniform folds on its surface, boasting a specific surface area of 18.96 m2/g and a pore size ranging from 1.5 to 80.0 nm, demonstrating robust thermal stability pre- and post- adsorption. Notably, these composite gels demonstrate impressive adsorption capacities for Cu(II) (174.39 mg/g) and Pb(II) (295.04 mg/g), respectively. The integration of DE/CS and PEI within the composite gel contributes to a complex pore structure and a multitude of accessible. The adsorption behavior of the composite gel is accurately characterized by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model. The predominant adsorption mechanism involves single-molecule chemisorption, involving coordination adsorption, ion exchange, and electrostatic attraction. The composite gel demonstrates notable efficiency in adsorption, cost-effectiveness, and ease of separation, rendering it a viable option for wastewater treatment applications.
Experimental Study on Multiphase Flow Characteristics in Air Lift Pump
Authors: Zuo Juanli , Huang Ze , Shi Lei , Wu Shuang , Feng Jianjun , Wang Xinhong , Li Guodong
Published: September 2024

Traditional dredging methods often have problems such as low dredging accuracy, serious silt escape and siltation, high maintenance cost, and limited use. The airlift dredging system has the characteristics of simple structure, low maintenance cost, no mechanical moving parts, no need to consider lubrication and wear problems, high work safety and reliability, and is suitable for river and lake reservoir dredging projects with high environmental protection requirements and large dredging depth. In order to further explore the internal flow mechanism and hydraulic characteristics of the air lift pump, in this paper, an experimental bench of the air lift pump is built. The diameter of the lifting pipe is 30 mm and the length of the pipe is 2320 mm. The gas-liquid two phase flow and gas-liquid-solid three phase flow experiments are carried out for the system, the change rules of liquid lifting flow, solid lifting flow and lifting efficiency are obtained. Besides, based on Fluent software, the three-dimensional numerical simulation of gas-liquid two phase flow in the system is carried out, and the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The research results of this paper provide theoretical guidance for the design optimization of airlift pump, and lay a foundation for the popularization and application of air lift technology in the field of dredging.
Assessment of Excess Abstraction Impacts by Pivot Irrigation on Ground Water Quantity in Shendi Sub-basin, Sudan
Authors: Gibreel Iman , Elkrail Adil
Published: September 2024

The hydrogeological system, in the study area, consists of two aquifers, namely; shallow and deep aquifer. These aquifers show a wide range of variable hydraulic parameters, due to rapid lateral and vertical changes of Facies. The deep aquifer is characterized by higher hydraulic parameters, large volume and, consequently, higher productivity compared to the shallow aquifer. These valuable resources are threatened by the impacts of accelerated overexploitation and flood irrigation practices, and may be severely over drafted or may be subjected to continuous decaling of water level and water quality degradation if not managed properly. Previous geological and hydrogeological studies have established that significant overexploitation influence the flow characteristics and water quality, which influence the possibility of using groundwater as a main water resource. The conceptual hydrogeological model was developed using Visual MODFLOW software to assess the impact of pivotal irrigation on groundwater potentiality in shendi sub-basin. Numbers of scenarios were performed to study the impact of well discharge increasing rates to drawdown, subsurface Inflow, Outflow through the general head boundaries (GHBs) at the model domain of Shendi sub- Basin. The results of simulation indicated that increasing wells’ pumping rate to meet future demand will likely result in more dramatic declines in groundwater level with maximum drawdown of 13.39 m. The piezometric surface measured at two adjacent wells before and after pivotal irrigation period, showed a drop of 10m in the groundwater level. Mearements of ground water levels after the pivotal irrigation period show a clear decline ranging from 3 m near the Nile to 10 m at the middle of the area (Maaqil area), and increases eastwards up to 15 m (Bir Al-Jud, 30 Km from east of the river Nile. Most of the wells are exposed to depletion during the pivotal irrigation periods as in Elgemma agricultural project. The most significant impacts of pivotal irrigation in the study area are the ecological damage such as severe reduction in groundwater storage which led to the depletion of wells in agricultural projects which affected the human and vegetation activities in the region. Additionally, it results in insufficient drinking, industrial, and municipal water supplies, which significantly change the ecosystem.
Microstructural, Electrochemical, Mechanical, and Biocompatibility Characterization of ReN Thin Films Synthesized by DC Sputtering on Ti 6 Al 4 V Substrates
Authors: Aperador J. , Bautista-Ruiz J. , Aperador W.
Published: September 2024

Thin films of ReN were synthesized by DC sputtering at different nitrogen pressures (120, 140, 160, and 180 mTorr) on silicon and Ti6Al4V substrates. The coatings were evaluated for their microstructural and mechanical properties. Additionally, the biocompatibility and electrochemical properties of the films were studied using Hanks lactate solution at 37°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of cubic ReN with higher nitrogen content. The optimized nitrogen pressure (180 mTorr) allowed the complete formation of the cubic phase of ReN. Residual stresses were evident in the films due to the difference in mechanical properties of the substrate and the film. Regarding electrochemical behavior, ReN coatings significantly improve corrosion resistance, reducing the corrosion rate as nitrogen content increases, reaching 0.0145 µm/year at 180 mTorr. Regarding mechanical properties, the deposited ReN films presented an optimal combination of hardness and elastic modulus for the highest nitrogen contents. Cell viability was assessed by comparing uncoated and coated samples using a live/dead staining assay, demonstrating the biocompatibility of the coatings. To complement the study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze protein-coating interaction and cell morphology on the surface of the samples.
Preparation and performance study of phosphogypsum slag based magnesium potassium phosphate cement
Authors: Yang Long-long , Zhang Li-juan , Dong Jin-mei , Sheng Cheng-hui , Wen Jing , Chang Cheng-gong , Li Yuan-rui
Published: September 2024

With the production of phosphate fertilizer or phosphoric acid, a large amount of phosphogypsum (PG) is generated as industrial waste and deposited in the open air, causing environmental pollution and occupying land resources. In this study, 0.00%~90.00% PG was used to replace the MgO at 10.00% intervals by the internal mixing method for preparing the magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC). Finally, the physical and mechanical properties of MKPC were investigated. The results showed that with the increase of PG addition, the setting time and compressive strength of MKPC was prolonged and decreased, respectively. The effect of internal doping of PG was significantly better than the external doping for the MKPC preparation, with an optimal addition of internal doping of 50.00% PG. The results also showed that when the mass ratio of MgO, KH2PO4, and PG was 1:1:1, the setting time of the MKPC is 8 min, the compressive strength at 28 days reaches 46.2 MPa, which can still reach the strength of 42.5 grade Portland cement. The mechanism study showed that PG addition significantly slows down the hydration of MKPC and participates in the reaction to produce the hydration product, such as the physical phase of MKPC is MgKPO4·6H2O, CaSO4·2H2O, K2SO4 and unreacted MgO. This work is well help to reduce the burden of PG on the environment and contribute to the sustainability of the construction industry.
A five-year analysis of market share and sales growth for original drugs after patent expiration in Korea
Authors: Bae Minyoung , Shim Sung Ryul , Yang Dong-Wook , Son Kyung-Bok , Lee Sang-Won
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The sales patterns of original drugs after patent expiration in Korea differ from those in other countries. This study investigates how they differ.
Methods: Using data from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, original drugs whose patents expired in 2012–2018 were divided into two groups depending on the generic drug approval. The differences in the attributes of each variable were analyzed. Additionally, we used IQVIA data to determine the market share and growth rate of 48 original drugs over five years from the launch of the first generic drug.
Results: The average sales before the patent expiration of original drugs without a generic drug and the average sales before the first generic drug launch of original drugs with generic drugs were KRW 2.9 and 22.6 billion, respectively. The sales volume of off-patent original drugs in the fifth year had an average growth rate of 150.6% compared with that before the first generic drug launch, indicating a different trend from other countries. The average market share of off-patent original drugs in the same molecule market in the fifth year was 70.6%, which was higher than previously reported research results in Korea and other countries.
Conclusion: This study analyzed the trend of original drugs’ sales volume, value, growth, and market share after the launch of a first generic drug. Furthermore, it demonstrated different patterns from those of other countries.
Effect of mineral filler CaCO3 on the mechanical properties of PBAT/TPS Blend commercially available.
Authors: Qazi Muhammad Omer , Gill Yasir Qayyum , Farooq Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, the packaging industry is highly dependent on petroleum products for improved mechanical and thermal properties. Along with that, pollution is created as they are non-biodegradable products. This research work shaped eco-sustainable blown films with the commercially available blend of Poly Butadiene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) & Thermoplastic Starch (TPS), named BF-02. This blend uses mineral fillers like CaCO3 to improve mechanical performance and make it cost-effective without compromising its degradability. Samples were made by using twin screw extruders in higher concentrations of filler, i.e., 30–40%. Then, these pellets were used to make blown films. The sample's performance was tested on mechanical properties like tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation at Break. The BF-02 performed better tensile strength and elongation at break, and the fillers C30 and C40 performed better in Young’s Modulus. Moreover, no noticeable change was observed during UV degradation, as the remaining sample didn’t degrade up to 480 hrs. This is also because of the shading effect of mineral fillers added to the blend. The thermal properties were also studied, but no change or shift was observed due to adding fillers. The biodegradation of the C30 and C40 showed a better soil degradation rate than BF-02.
Propulsive performance of bionic underwater vehicle based on four flexible oscillating foils - A numerical investigation
Authors: Li Yongcheng , Pan Ziying , Zhang Hua
Published: September 2024

Motivated by the efficient movement of sea creatures, a novel conceptual design of bionic Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) was proposed in this article for the purpose of improving the propulsive performance of UUV based on traditional propulsion device, like propeller, etc. The current bionic UUV consists of two parts, the fuselage and four flexible foils. The former part serves as storage module, where the battery block and sensor devices are placed. The latter part functions as a propulsive module and the travelling wavy motion are adopted by the flexible foils. Moreover, three types of motion strategies are designed. Mode A, the foil 1# and foil 3# undergoes flexible motion while the other two remains stationary. Mode B, the foil 1# and foil 3# remains stationary while the other undergoes motion. Mode C, the four foils is in consistent flexible motion. The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method is utilized to make an evaluation on the propulsive performance of above three motion models. The systematic analysis is conducted on investigating the effect of motion parameters on propulsive performance of bionic UUV, hoping to provide some technical guidance for the future prototype testing. In addition, the typical vortex structures in the wake of bionic UUV are also presented and discussed.
Data-Driven Study on the Dynamic Correlation between Sectoral Electricity Consumption and Average Carbon Column Concentration in Cities
Authors: Zhang Han , Yeng Yufei , Zhan Yu , Chang Zhengwei , Cheng Yumin , Liu Xueyuan , Liu Hongli
Published: September 2024

As global climate change becomes increasingly severe, pollution reduction and carbon mitigation have become particularly important. At present, various industries and sectors are actively engaged in pollution reduction and carbon mitigation efforts, but their effectiveness remains unclear. There is currently a lack of technology that can provide effective indication and guidance for pollution reduction and carbon mitigation efforts across different industries and sectors, leading to difficulties in systematizing and refining control measures. To address this, this paper constructs a correlation model between sectoral electricity consumption and average carbon column concentration in cities by utilizing large-scale, multi-period electricity consumption and average carbon column concentration data, and employing random forest, XGBoost, and stacking regression methods. By integrating time rolling window techniques, the model reveals the dynamic temporal relationship between electricity consumption and carbon concentration, thereby providing guidance and indications for pollution reduction and carbon mitigation efforts. To ensure the reliability of the model, this study collected categorized electricity consumption data and regional average carbon concentration data from 6 cities over a five-year period from January 2017 to December 2021. The performance of the correlation model was evaluated using indicators such as R² and RMSE. The results show that in most cities, the model has high explanatory power and low prediction error, with the highest R² of the stacking model reaching 0.8528 and the root mean square error (RMSE) being 1.4939. To further analyze the dynamic temporal impact relationship between sectoral electricity consumption and average carbon column concentration in cities, this paper also calculates the correlation of sectoral electricity consumption in different time periods for each city through time rolling analysis, revealing the main sectoral factors influencing the rise in urban carbon concentration over different time intervals. This provides valuable insights for grid management and energy policy planning. This study not only provides a scientific basis for assessing and guiding pollution reduction and carbon mitigation efforts in various industries but also offers important reference value for policymakers and industry managers, helping to formulate more effective emission reduction strategies and energy management measures.
Excited-State Reaction Dynamics of the Radical Anions Revealed by the Novel Time-Resolved Photofragment Depletion Spectroscopy
Authors: kim Sang Kyu , An Sejun
Published: September 2024

xcited-state reaction dynamics of the radical anions have been investigated by a newly-developed time-resolved photofragment depletion (TRPD) spectroscopy where the different photodetachment cross-sections of the various anionic species during the reaction process were utilized to unravel their overall temporal evolutions. The otherwise formidable interrogation of the excited-state reaction dynamics of the radical anions, primarily due to the fact that their excited-states are often located above the electron detachment threshold, could be realized here. The shape of the excited-state potential energy surface of I2- has been clearly manifested in the TRPD transients taken at several different probe wavelengths, whereas the ultrafast internal conversion from the optically-excited nonvalence-bound state into the ground or excited valence-bound states of CH3NO2- or (CH3NO2)2-, which is followed by the fast chemical bond dissociation or the rather slow cluster decomposition, has been experimentally investigated for the first time to uncover the overall mechanism of the electron transfer dynamics among different (non)valence orbitals.
Embedded Complexity and Quantum Circuit Volume
Authors: Ma Xiongfeng , Du Zhenyu , Liu Zi-Wen
Published: September 2024

Quantum circuit complexity is a pivotal concept in quantum information, quantum many-body physics, and high-energy physics. While extensively studied for closed systems, the characterization and dynamics of circuit complexity are little understood for the situation where the system is embedded within a larger system, which encompasses measurement-assisted state preparation. To address this gap, we introduce the notion of embedded complexity, which accounts for both system extensions and measurements. We study the complexity of projected states in a subsystem after measuring its complement and find that in random circuits, the embedded complexity is lower-bounded by the circuit volume---the total number of gates affecting both the subsystem and its complement. This finding indicates that the total cost of preparing the projected state cannot be reduced by leveraging ancillary qubits and measurements in general. Our result underscores the operational meaning of circuit volume, as it characterizes the embedded complexity of the generated state. Specifically, for random circuits or Clifford circuits, we demonstrate a spacetime conversion that concentrates circuit volume onto a subsystem via a random gate teleportation approach. In scenarios of deep thermalization where the system interacts extensively with a larger system, our analysis suggests that the resulting projected states exhibit high complexity. Additionally, we introduce a shadow tomography protocol that employs only ancillary random states and Bell state measurements, circumventing the need to evolve the input state and thereby simplifying experimental controls.
Level of Client Satisfaction With Contraceptive Counseling and Associated Factors Among Women Attending Family Planning Services in Public Hospitals Addis Ababa 2022
Authors: Getaneh Chala
Published: September 2024

Background: - Contraceptive counselling is a type of client-provider interaction that involves two-way communication between a health care staff member and a client for the purpose of confirming or facilitating informed decision by the client, or helping the client address problems or concerns.. Effective contraceptive counselling is one of the cornerstones for increasing family planning acceptance. The best decisions about family planning are those that people make for themselves based on accurate information and a range of contraceptive options. Otherwise they can either deny the service or discontinue the method if they are not properly counselled on minor side effects and myths related to the method. It empowers people to exercise their right to good quality family planning care
Objectives: To assess the level of client’s satisfaction with contraceptive counselling and associated factors among reproductive age women in Addis Ababa Ethiopia 2022.
Methods: -Institutional based cross-sectional study was used and multi-stage sampling technique was employed to recruit 592 participants. Structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analysed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistic was used to summarize Socio-demographic and health related factors. Odds ratio was used to identify factor associated with the outcome variable and statically significant was declared at p-value 0.05.
Result The study includes 579 participants making the response rate 97.8%. most (57.2%) of the participants were between the age group 25-34 years .Most (90.7%) of the respondents were married More than half of the study participants are housewives .This study showed nearly three fourth (71.1%) of the respondents were satisfied with counselling given.Clients who were being acknowledged and responded to their concern, being showed how to use and having income greater than or equal to 5000 positively associated with satisfaction with contraceptive counseling .
Conclusion and recommendationPresent study showed that 71% of clients who came for f/p services were satisfied with contraceptive counselling. Acknowledge and respond to clients concern, demonstrate how to use and income were significantly associated with client satisfaction with contraceptive counseling. Strengthening and maintaining regular supervision on how clients are counselled is recommended.
Assessing Mortality Risk in Cardiothoracic Surgery Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ Scores – a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hassan Javerya
Published: September 2024

Background: Mortality risk assessment is vital for preoperative risk evaluation and resource allocation. This article presents a single-centered comprehensive analysis of Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) scores and factors impacting outcomes in cardiothoracic surgery patients. It aims to assess the STS risk score's effectiveness in predicting mortality.
Methods: STS scores for a diverse patient cohort of 3084 patients who underwent cardiac surgery between January 2010 and December 2016 at a Tertiary care Hospital, in a low-middle income country . Statistical methodologies, such as the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were applied. Univariate and multivariate analysis were also executed.
Results: Demographics analysis showed the mean age of study population was 58 years. The predominance of males and the most common procedures were isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG), MVR, and AVR. Hypertension and diabetes were the most prevalent comorbid conditions, with a family history of CAD found in 46.7% of the patients. Mortality rates were higher for females, the elderly, those with mitral insufficiency and patients on ADP inhibitors for anticoagulation. Post-operative complications, including dialysis, stroke, prolonged ventilation and length of stay, were linked to higher mortality. The threshold value of STS was found to be ≥ 1.645 indicating a high-risk group with a 10.3% mortality rate. This threshold had a sensitivity of 74.5% and specificity of 78.2%, contributing to an accuracy of 78.08%.
Conclusion: STS risk calculator is a great tool for mortality prediction in our country with an AUC value of 0.819 (95% CI 0.791-0.898).
Pancreatic fistula after gastrectomy. Retrospective single-center analysis
Authors: Toneev E. A. , Keshyan E. A. , Nuretdinov D. I. , Martynov A. A. , Zhinov A. V. , Shagdaleev R. F.
Published: September 2024

Objective: to determine the frequency and risk factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after gastrectomy. Material and Methods. From January 1, 2018 to October 31, 2023, 198 patients with stage I–III gastric cancer underwent gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy at a Regional Oncological Dispensary. The characteristics of the studied patients were assessed according to a unified protocol. Statistically significant factors influencing the development of POPF were identified. Results. The incidence of POPF was 18.7 % (37/198). It was found that not all pancreatic fistulas were accompanied by acute pancreatitis. Among the patients with POPF, 5 had associated acute pancreatitis: 2 with mild, and 3 with moderate severity; no severe acute pancreatitis was observed. The statistically significant indicator for the occurrence of POPF was the neutrophil-lymphocyte index (p=0.033), in the absence of other infectious phenomena. In addition, the following significant factors were identified: lymphadenopathy of regional lymph nodes (p=0.037), tumor stage (T criterion) (p=0.002), splenectomy (p<0.001), and resection of the pancreas (p<0.001). Conclusion. The frequency of postoperative pancreatic fistulas after gastrectomy was 18.7 %. Statistically significant factors for the development of POPF include resection of the pancreas, splenectomy, lymph node status, tumor size, and depth of invasion. An additional indicator for the development of POPF is an increase in the neutrophil-lymphocyte index 1 day after surgery.
Ways to reduce radioactivity accumulation in the kidney during targeted therapy using small molecules, peptides and antibody fragments
Authors: Avrov K. O. , Shatik S. V. , Samoilovich M. P.
Published: September 2024

Administration of pharmaceuticals containing radioactive isotopes and capable of specific binding to certain proteins is one of the approaches used in the treatment or diagnosis of malignant tumors. High renal accumulation of radioactive compounds after administration of radioconjugates with molecular mass less than 70 KDa is of the challenges that need to be solved. The purpose of the study was to identify the most effective approaches to reduce the accumulation of radioactivity in the kidneys after administration of radioconjugates used for diagnostic imaging and targeted therapy for cancer. Material and Methods. We conducted a literature search on the topic of the review in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from 1987 to 2023, 82 articles were used for writing the review. Results. The review presents a description of approaches used to improve the biodistribution of radioconjugates, mainly in preclinical studies. The advantages and disadvantages of such techniques have been described. Conclusion. Reducing renal radioactivity using radioconjugates of molecules with molecular masses less than 70 KDa is a challenging but achievable task. It is concluded that the use of cleavable linkers in such radioconjugates is highly promising, since this approach does not change the pharmacokinetics of such drugs. It is noted that the advantage of introducing concomitant substances compared to changing the structure of radioconjugates is a lesser dependence on the characteristics of a particular radiopharmaceutical. This approach also does not require prior work to modify the radioconjugate, but has limited efficiency.
Angiogenesis in endometrial cancer: clinical and biological significance
Authors: Maiborodin I. V. , Goncharov M. A. , Shevela A. I. , Krasilnikov S. E. , Shumeikina A. O. , Maiborodina V. I.
Published: September 2024

Objective: to summarize the available data on the features of vascularization of endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC). Material and Methods. The search for relevant sources was performed in the “PubMed” database using the keywords “endometrium + cancer + angiogenesis”, “endometrium + cancer + angiogenesis + lymph”. Of the selected sources, 78 were included in this review. Results. Angiogenesis is an important and necessary stage in the pathogenesis of the appearance, progression and metastasis of EAC and, thus, the study of tumor vascularization provides an opportunity to improve diagnosis and personalized approach to treatment. Vascular density correlates with advanced stage of EAC, high grade of malignancy, myometrial invasion, cervical and adnexal lesions, vascular invasion, metastases to lymph nodes (LN), the presence of cancer cells in the peritoneal fluid, low overall survival and survival without tumor progression. There are publications that deny the connection of vascularization with the histological type of tumor, its grade, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastases, the depth of myometrial invasion, and these publications even prove that microvessel density is not an independent prognostic factor. So, there is still no consensus and final opinion, as evidenced by low or high vascularization of EAC. Recently, there are many drugs that affect both the processes of angiogenesis directly and the inducers and factors that control vascular growth. Unfortunately, all such drugs have a fairly high toxicity, and resistance to them very quickly develops. Conclusion. Despite numerous results of studies devoted to the study of the formation of blood vessels and isolated data on lymphangiogenesis in EAC, there is no data in the literature on studying changes in the vascularization of LN in gynecological cancer. However, proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors are disseminated throughout the body and must exert their effects in distant organs and tissues. Based on changes in the vascularization of LN, it will apparently become possible to predict the activity of angiogenesis in the primary tumor, assess the prognosis of the disease, and the effectiveness of the treatment. In addition, significant expression of the vascular network in an enlarged lymph node biopsied for diagnosis may be a symptom of the development of a malignant tumor in the lymph collection region, even in the absence of metastases.
Biomarkers for modeling of cancer-specifc tumorassociated macrophages ex vivo
Authors: Sudarskikh T. S. , Larionova I. V. , Rakina M. A. , Kzhyshkowska J. G.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are essential innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. TAMs can stimulate cancer cell proliferation and primary tumor growth, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, cancer cell invasiveness in vessels and metastatic niche formation as well as support chemotherapy resistance. TAMs are phenotypically diverse both in various cancer localizations and in intratumoral heterogeneous compartments. Tumor-specific modeling of TAMs is necessary to understand the fundamental mechanism of pro- and anti-tumor activity, to test their interaction with existing therapies, and to develop TAM- targeted immunotherapy. Aim of study: To investigate cancer-specific transcriptomic features of ex vivo human TAM models. Material and Methods. Here we compared transcriptomic profiles of TAMs for breast, colorectal, ovarian, lung, and prostate cancers ex vivo. Human monocytes were isolated from buffy coats, and then stimulated by the tumor cell conditioned medium ex vivo. Using real-time PCR, we quantified the expression of key TAM biomarkers including inflammatory cytokines, scavenger-receptors, angiogenesis-regulating genes, and matrix remodeling factors. Results. PCR analysis allowed revealing cancer-specific expression profiles of modeled TAMs. By comparing the existing knowledge about TAM phenotypes in human tumors in vivo with the collected data, we discuss the advantages and limitation of ex vivo TAM models derived from human blood monocytes. Conclusion. Monocytes-derived macrophages stimulated with cancer cell-conditioned medium can, to a certain extent, allow modeling of cancer-specific programming of TAMs. Our model system is valuable to examine agents reprogramming key TAM pro-tumoral activities, and for the reproducible analysis of mechanistic events that program tolerogenic status of TAMs towards cancer cells.