bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A contribution to the systematics of Australasian Tanytarsini (Diptera: Chironomidae): first descriptions from New Caledonia
Authors: GIŁKA WOJCIECH , DOBOSZ ROLAND
Published: June 2015

First specific records of chironomids of the tribe Tanytarsini from New Caledonia based on detailed descriptions of new species are presented. Cladotanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) stylifer sp. nov. and its closest relatives, i.a. Cladotanytarsus (C.) isigacedeus (Sasa et Suzuki, 2000), comb. nov., known from males bearing extraordinarily elongate hypopygial anal points are diagnosed. Paratanytarsus mirificus sp. nov. is described as adult male with unique structure of its hypopygium and shortened antennae. Diagnostic description of Tanytarsus fuscithorax Skuse, 1889 is also complemented.
A new apterous genus of Carventinae (Hemiptera: Aradidae) from China
Authors: CUI JIANXIN , BAI XIAOSHUAN , HEISS ERNST , CAI WANZHI
Published: June 2015

A new apterous aradid, Paramorphocoris henanensis Bai & Heiss Cai, gen. et sp. nov., from China is described and illustrated, including the diagnostic morphological features of the new taxon.
Synthesis of Vortex Rossby Waves. Part II: Vortex Motion and Waves in the Outer Waveguide
Authors: Gonzalez Israel , Cotto Amaryllis , Willoughby Hugh E.
Published: June 2015

Beta, the meridional gradient of planetary vorticity, causes tropical cyclones to propagate poleward and westward at approximately 2 m s−1. In a previous shallow-water linear model, the simulated vortex accelerated without limit, ostensibly because beta forced a free linear mode. In the analogous nonlinear model, wave–wave interaction limited the propagation speed. Subsequent work based upon the asymmetric balance (AB) approximation was unable to replicate the linear result.

The present barotropic nondivergent model replicates the linear beta gyres as a streamfunction dipole with a uniform southeasterly ventilation flow across the vortex. The simulated storm accelerates to unphysical, but finite, speeds that are limited by vorticity filamentation. In the analogous nonlinear model, nonlinearly forced wavenumber-1 gyres have opposite phase to the linear gyres so that their ventilation flow counteracts advection by the linear gyres to limit the overall vortex speed to approximately 3 m s−1.

A bounded mean vortex with zero circulation at large radius must contain an outer annulus of anticyclonic vorticity to satisfy the circulation theorem. The resulting positive mean vorticity gradient constitutes an outer waveguide that supports downstream-propagating, very-low-frequency vortex Rossby waves. It is confined between an inner critical radius where the waves are absorbed and an outer turning point where they are reflected. Vorticity filamentation at the critical radius limits the beta-drift acceleration. The original unlimited linear acceleration stemmed from too-weak dissipation caused by second-order diffusion applied to velocity components instead of vorticity. Fourth-order diffusion and no outer waveguide in the Rankine-like vortex of the AB simulations plausibly explain the different results.
Out-of-autoclave prepreg consolidation: Coupled air evacuation and prepreg impregnation modeling
Authors: Helmus Rhena , Centea Timotei , Hubert Pascal , Hinterhölzl Roland
Published: June 2015

Out-of-autoclave prepregs produce low-porosity parts through a complex consolidation process that includes air evacuation through a partially impregnated microstructure and subsequent resin infiltration flow. In this article, we propose, develop, and validate the first model describing this consolidation process by computing the thickness change of the material during processing. The air evacuation period is first simulated as a function of fiber packing and pressure conditions. Then, the cure period is described by modeling flow and compaction phenomena. Model predictions are compared to several experimental case studies, which show that the effect of most material properties and process parameters is well captured, and used in parametric studies to identify key trends.
Change in Quality of Life with Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Surgery
Authors: Skirko Jonathan R. , Weaver Edward M. , Perkins Jonathan A. , Kinter Sara , Eblen Linda , Martina Julie , Sie Kathleen C.Y.
Published: June 2015

Objectives

(1) To define the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the Velopharyngeal Insufficiency (VPI) Effects on Life Outcomes (VELO) instrument, and (2) to test for the change in quality of life (QOL) after VPI surgery.

Study Design

Prospective observational cohort.

Setting

VPI clinic at a tertiary pediatric medical center.

Subjects and Methods

Children with VPI and their parents completed the VELO instrument (higher score is better QOL) at enrollment and then underwent VPI surgery (Furlow palatoplasty or sphincter pharyngoplasty, n = 32), other treatments (obturator or oronasal fistula repair, n = 7), or no treatment (n = 18). They completed the VELO instrument again and an instrument of global rating of change in QOL at 1 year. The MCID was anchored to the global change instrument scores corresponding to “a little” or “somewhat” better. Within‐group (paired t test) and between‐group (Student t test) changes in VELO scores were tested for the VPI surgery and no treatment groups. The association between treatment group and change in VELO scores was tested with multivariate linear regression, adjusting for confounders.

Results

Follow‐up was obtained for 37 of 57 (65%) patients. The mean (±standard deviation) change in VELO scores corresponding to the MCID anchor was 15 ± 13. The VELO score improved significantly more in the VPI surgery group (change, 22 ± 15; P <. 001) than in the no treatment group (change, 9 ± 12; P =. 04), after adjusting for confounders (P =. 007 between groups).

Conclusion

VPI surgery using the Furlow palatoplasty or sphincter pharyngoplasty improves VPI‐specific QOL, and the improvement is clinically important.
Using Polysomnography and Airway Evaluation to Predict Successful Decannulation in Children
Authors: Gurbani Neepa , Promyothin Ussana , Rutter Michael , Fenchel Matthew C. , Szczesniak Rhonda D. , Simakajornboon Narong
Published: June 2015

Objective

Decannulation readiness is approached in several ways and is tailored to the individual patient. While microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy evaluate airway patency at all levels, polysomnography assesses sleep‐related upper airway physiology. There are limited data in the literature on the utility of these tools. Thus, the main objectives of this study were (1) to identify sleep and respiratory parameters associated with successful decannulation and (2) to determine the agreement between microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy and polysomnography.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Quaternary care pediatric hospital.

Subjects and Methods

A retrospective review of medical records, microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy, and polysomnographs was performed on subjects preparing for decannulation from 2005 to 2010. Fifty‐nine subjects who underwent overnight polysomnography with a tracheostomy capping trial and microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy were included. Prediction of successful decannulation from polysomnography parameters was determined using logistic regression analysis.

Results

Fifty‐nine subjects with a total of 78 polysomnographs were subdivided into 2 groups: 42 polysomnographs were classified as successfully decannulated, and 36 polysomnographs belonged to the group that did not decannulate. Logistic regression analysis determined that the Apnea Hypopnea Index (P =. 0423) and maximal end‐tidal CO2 (P =. 046) were significant predictors for successful decannulation.

Conclusion

Airway evaluation by microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy is an essential tool in the assessment of decannulation readiness. Polysomnography is an important additional tool for children with complex airway problems. Our results indicate that certain polysomnographic parameters such as Apnea Hypopnea Index and maximal end‐tidal CO2 are valuable in predicting successful tracheostomy decannulation.
Music teacher educators’ visions of music teacher preparation in Finland, Norway and Sweden
Authors: Ferm Thorgersen Cecilia , Johansen Geir , Juntunen Marja-Leena
Published: June 2015

In this study we investigated the visions of 12 music teacher educators who teach pedagogical courses called instrumental pedagogy and classroom music pedagogy in three music academies in Finland, Norway and Sweden. The data were collected through individual, semi-structured qualitative interviews. Drawing on Hammerness’ concept of teachers’ vision we concentrated on the educators’ visions of good music pedagogy teaching, an ideal graduate, and visions of their subject as a whole, as well as how those visions can be extended to denote some characteristics of the teaching traditions at play. The results indicated that visions were personal and not necessarily consistent between educators or across institutions. Rather, they were strongly related to, steered, and limited by established teaching traditions. We suggest that vision might constitute a functional concept in music teacher educators’ reflections on their work and that clear programme visions should be formulated in music teacher education institutions through collective collegial efforts.
Nutrition Management of Cystic Fibrosis in the 21st Century
Authors: Schindler Teresa , Michel Suzanne , Wilson Alexandra W. M.
Published: June 2015

Despite significant advancements made in life expectancy over the past century, cystic fibrosis remains a life‐threatening genetic disease that affects the gastrointestinal tract, and it has significant impact on the nutrition status of those with the disease. Nutrition management includes a high‐calorie/high‐fat diet, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, vitamin and mineral replacement, and enteral support as needed. As patients are living longer, clinicians may encounter patients with cystic fibrosis in obstetrician offices, endocrine clinics, or hospital settings, owing to lung transplantation or for treatment for distal intestinal obstruction syndrome.
Workplace Violence in the Health Sector in Turkey: A National Study
Authors: Pinar Tevfik , Acikel Cengizhan , Pinar Gul , Karabulut Erdem , Saygun Meral , Bariskin Elif , Guidotti Tee L. , Akdur Recep , Sabuncu Hilmi , Bodur Said , Egri Mucahit , Bakir Bilal , Acikgoz Emrah M. , Atceken Ismail , Cengiz Mustafa
Published: June 2015

Violence in the workplace is an increasing occupational health concern worldwide. Health care workers are at high risk of assault. To develop, monitor, and manage prevention policies, baseline data should be available. This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the current extent of workplace violence nationwide in Turkey. The study population of 12.944 health care workers was a stratified sample of all health care workers (612,639) in the country. A probabilistic sampling was made on the basis of the “multistage stratified random cluster sampling method.” This study was conducted by a structured questionnaire in a face-to-face interview. The questionnaire items were adapted and translated into Turkish based on questionnaires of International Labor Organization, International Council of Nurses, World Health Organization, and Public Services International. The percentage of health care workers who experienced workplace violence in Turkey in the previous 12 months was 44.7%. The types of violence included physical 6.8%, verbal 43.2%, mobbing (bullying) 2.4%, and sexual harassment 1%. Multivariate analysis showed that level of health care system, type of institution, gender, occupation, age, working hours, and shift work were independent risk factors for experiencing workplace violence ( p < .05). Our study indicates that the workplace violence among health care workers is a significant problem. The results of the study can serve as the basis for future analytical studies and for development of appropriate prevention efforts.
A unified approach to multi-fixturing layout planning for thin-walled workpiece
Authors: Qin Guohua , Wang Zikun , Rong Yiming , Li Qiang
Published: June 2015

It is crucial to properly design the fixturing layout described by fixturing parameters, such as the fixturing sequence, the placement of clamping force, the locator position, and so on. This is because the clamping deformation of the thin-walled workpiece can influence extremely the machining accuracy and surface quality. Generally speaking, the finite element method can be used to easily obtain the deformation rule of the workpiece caused by one single fixturing parameter. But it is difficult to reveal the relationship between the multiple fixturing parameters and the clamping deformation of workpiece. Therefore, the workable finite element model of multi-fixturing layout is above all established for the thin-walled workpiece. Thus, clamping deformations can be calculated to be the training samples of the neural network. Next, according to the training samples, the prediction model is suggested for obtaining the clamping deformation from multiple fixturing parameters. When the prediction errors are defined as fitness function, the genetic algorithm is developed to search the optimal initial weights and thresholds for the neural network. The optimized neural network has better generalization and prediction ability than the non-optimized one. Ultimately, the embedded optimal model with the objective of minimizing the clamping deformation is presented for a multi-fixturing layout. When the individual fitness of each generation is constructed as a function of the clamping deformations, the genetic algorithm can be skillfully used to solve the embedded optimal model. Moreover, the experiment is conducted to validate the prediction method with good agreement between the predicted results and the experimental data. The above presented “analysis—prediction—control” method of clamping deformation not only improves the calculation efficiency of clamping deformation but also provides a basic theory of fixturing layout design for the thin-walled workpiece.
Design, fabrication, and nonlinear control of a flexible minirobot module by using shape memory alloy actuators
Authors: Abiri Reza , Nadafi Reza , Kabganian Mansour
Published: June 2015

Recently, the increasing need for performing intricate operations in small dimensions has motivated many researchers and industrialists to focus on minirobots. Different types of minirobots with diverse locomotive mechanisms have been designed for various applications. Modular design is a new method which is employed to fabricate small robots with more flexibility and capability. In many works, each module of modular minirobots has rotational displacement. In this article, a flexible minirobot module is developed and manufactured which can produce controlled rotational displacement. Shape memory alloy springs are applied as the actuators to provide impressively large strokes. The final fabricated flexible minirobot module is verified by the open-loop experimental tests. In order to achieve the desired maneuvers and have a perfect tracking of reference input, a nonlinear fuzzy controller is developed and implemented to control the maneuvers of flexible minirobot module. Finally, the results are discussed which show good agreement between the simulations and experimental tests.
Incidence and Salience of Alcohol Taxes
Authors: Hanson Andrew , Sullivan Ryan
Published: June 2015

We use a unique, geocoded micro data set of retail prices to estimate the incidence of alcohol taxation. We estimate the pass-through of alcohol taxation employing both standard ordinary least squares (OLS) and a regression discontinuity design (RDD), using the abrupt change in excise tax occurring at state borders for identification. Our results show that sales and excise taxes on alcohol have different effects on final consumer price. Our estimates suggest that while 40 percent to 50 percent of sales taxes are passed on to consumers, excise taxes have a negative pass-through rate. Negative rates of pass-through on the excise portion of the alcohol tax are likely the result of consumers overreacting to the tax compared to how they would react to a general price increase, or that the alcohol tax is quite salient for consumers. This effect is particularly strong in areas near state borders when using the RDD estimation strategy.
The setting-up of multi-site school collaboratives: The benefits of this organizational reform in terms of networking opportunities and their effects
Authors: Mifsud Denise
Published: June 2015

This article, which is set within the Maltese education scenario of unfolding decentralization through the setting-up of multi-site school collaboratives (legally termed ‘colleges’) via a policy mandate, explores a particular aspect of this reform – that of ‘networking’. This is examined in terms of the potential for ‘networking’ that educational leaders have at both school and college levels and the ‘effects’ of these (non-)opportunities on both the leaders and the network itself. My study is framed within a postmodern paradigm and interpreted through a Foucauldian theoretical framework. Data for this case study are collected via semi-structured, in-depth interviews; participant observation; and documentary analysis; which are then subjected to narrative analysis. The findings reveal a very detached bond within and across levels, with this detachment unfolding simultaneously within both micro and macro strata. This article, besides theoretically addressing a gap in literature regarding the shortcomings of networks and network dynamics, has a particular significance for educational practitioners, policy makers, and all those who have school improvement on their agenda.
Photocatalytic Property of TiO2-Vermiculite Composite Nanofibers via Electrospinning
Authors: Tang Chao , Hu Meiling , Fang Minghao , Liu Yangai , Wu Xiaowen , Liu Wenjuan , Wang Meng , Huang Zhaohui
Published: June 2015

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most common photocatalysts. In this study, TiO2-vermiculite composite nanofibers with a mesh structure and a diameter of approximately 300 nm were prepared via sol–gel approach combined with electrospinning technique. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, etc. The photocatalytic property was also evaluated. The TiO2-vermiculite composite nanofibers annealed at 550 °C for 3 h exhibited the best absorption and photo-degradation ability for the treatment of methylene blue. The results implied that the combination of mineral vermiculite powders with TiO2 enhanced the absorption-degradation performance of the as-prepared photocatalytic materials, consequently promoting the materials’ ability to degrade methylene blue.
A note on Krasnosel’skii fixed point theorem
Authors: Xiang Tian , Yuan Rong
Published: June 2015

In this note, a couple of unclear and unnecessary points made in the two existing papers by Liu and Li (Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 136:1213-1220, 2008) and Xiang and Yuan (Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 139:1033-1044, 2011) are first pointed out and clarified. Second, a few additional remarks are observed. Upon these observations, three corresponding refined and unified Krasnosel’skii fixed point theorems in strong topology setup are formulated. As an illustration, several new classes of Krasnosel’skii fixed point theorems are obtained, which expand and complement some known related results by Agarwal, O’Regan and Taoudi (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2010:243716, 2010) and Edmunds (Math. Ann. 174:233-239, 1967).
Strong convergence theorems of Cesàro-type means for nonexpansive mapping in CAT(0) space
Authors: Tang Jinfang , Chang Shih-sen , Dong Jian
Published: June 2015

The iterative algorithms with Cesàro-type means for a nonexpansive mapping are proposed in CAT(0) spaces. Under suitable conditions, some strong convergence theorems for the sequence generated by the algorithms to a fixed point of the nonexpansive mapping are proved. We also proved that this fixed point is also a unique solution to some kind of variational inequality. The results presented in this paper extend and improve the corresponding results of some others.
Improving in-service teachers’ effectiveness: K-12 academic literacy for the linguistically diverse
Authors: Berg Margaret A. , Huang Jingzi
Published: June 2015

This study investigates how in-service teachers’ learning of a functional linguistic approach for instructional design contributes to linguistic sensitivity, knowledge acquisition, skill development, and classroom practice for their students’ development in content/discipline specific literacy. Twenty-three K-12 teachers with teaching experience ranging from 1 to 12 years, from one urban and three rural school districts, took part in this study. The mixed-method approach includes interviews, baseline and post intervention measures related to instructional planning, and classroom practice observations. The professional development intervention resulted in statistically significant changes in means on all measures. Thematic analysis of interview data showed an increase in the teachers’ knowledge of linguistic sensitivity for linguistically and culturally responsive instruction. Implications for the findings include a need for increased linguistic sensitivity among teachers through teacher preparation programs at colleges, or in professional development for advanced teachers.
The Ganges Basin management and community empowerment
Authors: Hossen Mohhamed Anwar
Published: June 2015

This paper explores the ecological effects of the top-down Ganges Basin water management systems in Chapra, Bangladesh, based on my ethnographic fieldworka data collected in 2011-12. An example of this top-down system is the Farakka Barrage in India that causes major ecological system failures and challenges to community livelihoods. The reduction in Ganges Basin water flow in Bangladesh based on the pre and post Farakka comparison is helpful in understanding these failures and their effects on community livelihoods. My argument is that basin communities are capable of becoming empowered by Ganges Basin water management and failures in the management create major challenges to the livelihood of these communities. In this context, I analyze the current Ganges Basin management practices, focusing specifically on the Joint River Commission and the 1996 Ganges Treaty between India and Bangladesh, and their effects on the basin communities in Chapra. My fieldwork data point out that the current shortcomings in basin management can be overcome with an improved management system. Water governance based on a multilateral approach is a way to restore the basin’s ecological systems and promote community empowerment. Based on this empowerment argument, this paper is divided into the following major sections: importance of the basin ecosystems for protecting community livelihoods, limitations of current basin management practices and community survival challenges, and proposed water governance for community empowerment.
Incentives to using solar thermal energy in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Keh-Chin , Lin Wei-Min , Chung Kung-Ming
Published: June 2015

A national subsidy program is one of the key elements for translating customer choice into a larger market share for renewable energies. Since solar water heaters (SWHs) are a cost-effective and mature technology, purchase-based subsidy programs have been sponsored by the Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs (BEMOEA) in Taiwan. The market of SWHs is associated with economic factors, population characteristics, degree of urbanization (available roof space), and climatic conditions. Regional programs have also affected the growth in sales. However, the penetration rates are still low, and the local market has changed little in recent years. Thus, the timing of the termination of the long-duration subsidy program is a subject of debate. In this study, a new scheme in the residential sector is proposed in the period of 2016 to 2019. In addition, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) make up the majority of Taiwanese companies. Most SMEs suffer from insufficient capital to support their commercial activities. To prompt solar thermal energy in the commercial sector, the energy service company (ESCO) business model can be adopted. The same feed-in tariffs for PV systems can be granted for SWHs and photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) systems with performance-based subsidies to end users or ESCOs.
Phase I Imaging and Pharmacodynamic Trial of CS-1008 in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ciprotti Marika , Tebbutt Niall C. , Lee Fook-Thean , Lee Sze-Ting , Gan Hui K. , McKee David C. , O'Keefe Graeme J. , Gong Sylvia J. , Chong Geoffrey , Hopkins Wendie , Chappell Bridget , Scott Fiona E. , Brechbiel Martin W. , Tse Archie N. , Jansen Mendel , Matsumura Manabu , Kotsuma Masakatsu , Watanabe Rira , Venhaus Ralph , Beckman Robert A. , Greenberg Jonathan , Scott Andrew M.
Published: June 2015

Purpose

CS-1008 (tigatuzumab) is a humanized, monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) agonistic antibody to human death receptor 5. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of CS-1008 dose on the biodistribution, quantitative tumor uptake, and antitumor response in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Patients and Methods

Patients with mCRC who had received at least one course of chemotherapy were assigned to one of five dosage cohorts and infused with a weekly dose of CS-1008. Day 1 and day 36 doses were trace-labeled with indium-111 (111In), followed by whole-body planar and regional single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging at several time points over the course of 10 days.

Results

Nineteen patients were enrolled. 111In-CS-1008 uptake in tumor was observed in only 12 patients (63%). 111In-CS-1008 uptake and pharmacokinetics were not affected by dose or repeated drug administration. 111In-CS-1008 biodistribution showed gradual blood-pool clearance and no abnormal uptake in normal tissue. No anti–CS-1008 antibody development was detected. One patient achieved partial response (3.7 months duration), eight patients had stable disease, and 10 patients had progressive disease. Clinical benefit rate (stable disease + partial response) in patients with 111In-CS-1008 uptake in tumor was 58% versus 28% in patients with no uptake. An analysis of individual lesions showed that lesions with antibody uptake were one third as likely to progress as those without antibody uptake (P = .07). Death-receptor–5 expression in archived tumor samples did not correlate with 111In-CS-1008 uptake (P = .5) or tumor response (P = .6).

Conclusion

Death-receptor–5 imaging with 111In-CS-1008 reveals interpatient and intrapatient heterogeneity of uptake in tumor, is not dose dependent, and is predictive of clinical benefit in the treatment of patients who have mCRC.
Patients With Proneural Glioblastoma May Derive Overall Survival Benefit From the Addition of Bevacizumab to First-Line Radiotherapy and Temozolomide: Retrospective Analysis of the AVAglio Trial
Authors: Sandmann Thomas , Bourgon Richard , Garcia Josep , Li Congfen , Cloughesy Timothy , Chinot Olivier L. , Wick Wolfgang , Nishikawa Ryo , Mason Warren , Henriksson Roger , Saran Frank , Lai Albert , Moore Nicola , Kharbanda Samir , Peale Franklin , Hegde Priti , Abrey Lauren E. , Phillips Heidi S. , Bais Carlos
Published: June 2015

Purpose

The AVAglio (Avastin in Glioblastoma) and RTOG-0825 randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trials in newly diagnosed glioblastoma reported prolonged progression-free survival (PFS), but not overall survival (OS), with the addition of bevacizumab to radiotherapy plus temozolomide. To establish whether certain patient subgroups derived an OS benefit from the addition of bevacizumab to first-line standard-of-care therapy, AVAglio patients were retrospectively evaluated for molecular subtype, and bevacizumab efficacy was assessed for each patient subgroup.

Patients and Methods

A total of 349 pretreatment specimens (bevacizumab arm, n = 171; placebo arm, n = 178) from AVAglio patients (total, N = 921) were available for biomarker analysis. Samples were profiled for gene expression and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation status and classified into previously identified molecular subtypes. PFS and OS were assessed within each subtype.

Results

A multivariable analysis accounting for prognostic covariates revealed that bevacizumab conferred a significant OS advantage versus placebo for patients with proneural IDH1 wild-type tumors (17.1 v 12.8 months, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.73; P = .002). This analysis also revealed an interaction between the proneural subtype biomarker and treatment arm (P = .023). The group of patients with mesenchymal and proneural tumors derived a PFS benefit from bevacizumab compared with placebo; however, this translated to an OS benefit in the proneural subset only.

Conclusion

Retrospective analysis of AVAglio data suggests that patients with IDH1 wild-type proneural glioblastoma may derive an OS benefit from first-line bevacizumab treatment. The predictive value of the proneural subtype observed in AVAglio should be validated in an independent data set.
Accountable Care Organizations and Population Health Organizations
Authors: Casalino Lawrence P. , Erb Natalie , Joshi Maulik S. , Shortell Stephen M.
Published: June 2015

Accountable care organizations (ACOs) and hospitals are investing in improving “population health,” by which they nearly always mean the health of the “population” of patients “attributed” by Medicare, Medicaid, or private health insurers to their organizations. But population health can and should also mean “the health of the entire population in a geographic area.” We present arguments for and against ACOs and hospitals investing in affecting the socioeconomic determinants of health to improve the health of the population in their geographic area, and we provide examples of ACOs and hospitals that are doing so in a limited way. These examples suggest that ACOs and hospitals can work with other organizations in their community to improve population health. We briefly present recent proposals for such coalitions and for how they could be financed to be sustainable.
Computational modelling of embryonic stem-cell fate control
Authors: Herberg Maria , Roeder Ingo
Published: June 2015

The maintenance of pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), its loss during lineage specification or its re-induction to generate induced pluripotent stem cells are central topics in stem cell biology. To uncover the molecular basis and the design principles of pluripotency control, a multitude of experimental, but also an increasing number of computational, studies have been published. Here, we consider recent reports that apply computational or mathematical modelling approaches to describe the regulatory processes that underlie cell fate decisions in mouse ESCs. We summarise the principles, the strengths and potentials but also the limitations of different computational strategies.
Precision-cut kidney slices (PCKS) to study development of renal fibrosis and efficacy of drug targeting ex vivo
Authors: Poosti Fariba , Pham Bao Tung , Oosterhuis Dorenda , Poelstra Klaas , van Goor Harry , Olinga Peter , Hillebrands Jan-Luuk
Published: June 2015

Renal fibrosis is a serious clinical problem forming the utmost cause of need for renal replacement therapy. No adequate preventive or curative therapy is available that can be clinically used to specifically target renal fibrosis. The search for new efficacious treatment strategies is therefore warranted. Although in vitro models using homogeneous cell populations have contributed to the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in renal fibrosis, these models poorly mimic the complex in vivo milieu. Therefore, here we evaluated a precision-cut kidney slice (PCKS) model as a new, multicellular ex vivo model to study development of fibrosis and the prevention thereof using anti-fibrotic compounds.

Precision-cut slices (200-300 µm thickness) were prepared from healthy C57BL/6 mouse kidneys using a Krumdieck tissue slicer. To induce changes mimicking the fibrotic process, slices were incubated with TGFβ1 (5 ng/ml) for 48 hours in the presence or absence of the anti-fibrotic cytokine IFNγ (1 µg/ml) or an IFNγ conjugate which is targeted to the PDGFRβ (PPB-PEG-IFNγ). Following culture, tissue viability (ATP-content) and expression of α-SMA, fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen III were determined using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Slices remained viable up to 72 hours of incubation and no significant effects of TGFβ1 and IFNγ on viability were observed. TGFβ1 markedly increased α-SMA, fibronectin, and collagen I mRNA and protein expression levels. IFNγ and PPB-PEG-IFNγ significantly reduced TGFβ1-induced fibronectin, collagen I and collagen III mRNA expression which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.

The PKCS model is a novel tool to test the pathophysiology of fibrosis and to screen the efficacy of anti-fibrotic drugs ex vivo in a multicellular and pro-fibrotic milieu. Major advantage of the slice model is that it can be used not only for animal but also for (fibrotic) human kidney tissue.
Analysing avian eggshell pigments with Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Thomas Daniel B. , Hauber Mark E. , Hanley Daniel , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Fraser Sara , Gordon Keith C.
Published: June 2015

Avian eggshells are variable in appearance, including colouration. Here we demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy can provide accurate diagnostic information about major eggshell constituents, including the pigments biliverdin and protoprophyrin IX. Eggshells pigmented with biliverdin showed a series of pigment-diagnostic Raman peaks under 785 nm excitation. Eggshells pigmented with protoporphyrin IX showed strong emission under 1064 nm and 785 nm excitation, whereas resonance Raman spectra (351 nm excitation) showed a set of protoporphyrin IX informative peaks characterisitic of protoporphyrin IX. As representative examples, we identified biliverdin in the olive green eggshells of elegant crested tinamous (Eudromia elegans) and in the blue eggshells of extinct upland moa (Megalapteryx didinus). This study encourages the wider use of Raman spectroscopy in pigment and colouration research and highlights the value of this technique for non-destructive analyses of museum eggshell specimens.
Typification and etymology of Aublet's Rubiaceae names
Authors: Delprete Piero G.
Published: June 2015

The ongoing Rubiaceae treatment for the Flora of the Guianas prompted a detailed study of the rubiaceous taxa described by Aublet (“Fusée Aublet”), one of the earliest botanists to collect in South America. This study led to the recognition that a publication by Lanjouw and Uittien in 1940 wherein the authors reported the discovery of an additional set of Aublet specimens in the Jean‐Jacques Rousseau herbarium (P‐JJR) also included many previously unrecognized typifications of Aublet names. This study presents the typifications of the 26 generic and 53 specific Rubiaceae epithets introduced by Aublet in his Histoire. The new combinations Coussarea lutea and Schradera scandens are also proposed.
A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas: Further corrections, changes, and additions
Authors: Austin Daniel F. , Staples George W. , Simão-Bianchini Rosangela
Published: June 2015

Continuing studies of American Ipomoea have accounted for a large percentage of the unplaced names remaining in the 1996 publication by Austin and Huáman. To accomplish the current list we have studied protologues and examined type specimens or images of type specimens or other original material. In this paper we treat the binomials proposed before 1995 and add names published since that year. We include three categories: Accepted taxa, Additions and corrections to the 1996 and 1998 lists of unplaced names, and Unplaced names. In total, we here review 336 of the taxa published in American members of Ipomoea to bring their nomenclature and taxonomy to date. We have now reduced the unplaced names by about seventy percent.
A phylogeny and revised classification for the Apatesieae (Aizoaceae: Ruschioideae) with a comparison of centres of diversity
Authors: Klak Cornelia , Hanáček Pavel , Bruyns Peter V.
Published: June 2015

The Apatesieae (Aizoaceae) is a small tribe of 11 species in seven genera, Apatesia, Carpanthea, Caryotophora, Conicosia, Hymenogyne, Saphesia and Skiatophytum. All are succulent annual or perennial herbs with mostly flat, rarely trigonous to terete leaves. Analysis of molecular data from four plastid and nuclear ITS sequences confirm that the two informal groups identified earlier within the Apatesieae, the “Apatesia‐group” and the “Skiatophytum‐group”, as well as all genera were found to be monophyletic. The relationships among genera of the “Apatesia‐group”, however, differ from those previously suggested, which were largely based on characters of the fruits. Here we show that characters of the fruit are highly homoplasious. Our analysis of distributional data for the three major clades of the Aizoaceae with mesomorphic leaves, namely Apatesieae (Ruschioideae), Aizooideae and Mesembryanthemoideae, shows that each has different centres of diversity. The Apatesieae are most diverse in the south‐western Cape, in the fynbos of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) and they are restricted to the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR). We revise the classification for the Apatesieae and include the monotypic genera Caryotophora and Saphesia in Skiatophytum, in order to increase the phylogenetic information conveyed by the classification. We show that the lectotype and protologue of Mesembryanthemum flaccidum do not correspond to the species currently associated with this name, which we therefore describe as a new species, i.e., Skiatophytum flaccidifolium. In addition, we describe a new subspecies, Hymenogyne glabra subsp. namaquensis, which is endemic to the Kamieskroon area in Namaqualand. Amended descriptions for Skiatophytum and Hymenogyne as well as an improved key to the genera of the Apatesieae and to the species of Skiatophytum are provided.
Spatial structure of plasma density perturbations, induced in the ionosphere modified by powerful HF radio waves: review of experimental results
Authors: Фролов Владимир , Frolov Vladimir
Published: June 2015

In the review, the results of experimental studies of spatial structure of small-, middle-, and large-scale plasma density perturbations induced in the ionosphere by its pumping by powerful HF O-mode (ordinary) radio waves, are analyzed. It is shown that the region with induced plasma density perturbations occupied all ionosphere body from its E-region up to the topside ionosphere in the height and it has the horizontal length of about of 300–500 km. Peculiarities of generation of artificial ionosphere irregularities of different scale-lengths in the magnetic zenith region are stated. Experimental results obtained under conditions of iono-sphere periodical pumping when the generation of travel ionosphere disturbances is revealed are also discussed.
Reliability of Accounting Information: Overview of Assessment Criteria and Users’ Views
Authors: Роженцова  , Rozhentcova Irina
Published: June 2015

The article considers reliability as a category of accounting information, discloses quality characteristics of the

reliability category according to the Concept of accounting in market economy.
The Application of the Theory of Markov Processes to the Study of Dynamics of Economic Systems
Authors: Гришина  , Grishina Svetlana
Published: June 2015

The article analyzes the possibility of using the theory of Markov processes to the study of the dynamics of nonlinear economic systems. It shows the advantages of the application of the theory of Markov processes over traditional methods of econometrics.
The Results of the Research of Cycles of the Australian Economic Dynamics
Authors: Левкина  , Levkina Nataliya
Published: June 2015

The article presents the results of the analysis of Australia`s economic dynamics in order to identify Kondratiev waves (cycles). The analysis of the time series of real per capita GDP for the period from 1820 to 2008 had revealed the presence of cycles of economic dynamics with a period of about 50 years, which can be identified as Kondratieff cycles (waves). The results of the analysis showed that the formation of Kondratieff cycles in the Australian economy occurred in the late XIX — early XX century. The maximum value of these cycles` potency was reached in the middle of XX century, then their potency began to fall. The results of the research may be used in order to determine the time of beginning of these cycles and correlation between Kondratieff cycles and dominant technological modes.
Fiscal Monitoring As a Form of Fiscal Control
Authors: Смирнов  , Smirnov E.
Published: June 2015

Federal law of 04.11.2014 № 348-FZ effective 1.1.15 introduces considerable increase of informational interaction

between tax payers and fiscal authorities.
Documenting the Procedures of Client Risk Profiling at the Stage or Preliminary Audit
Authors: Клинова  , Klinova E.
Published: June 2015

The article considers the issues of preliminary planning of audit, including documentation of new client risk

profiling procedures.
On the origin of frequency modulation of serpentine emission
Authors: Гульельми Анатолий , Guglielmi Anatol , Потапов Александр , Potapov Alexander , Довбня Борис , Dovbnya Boris
Published: June 2015

We consider a problem of the interpretation of the so-called "serpentine emission" (SE), which is ULF electromagnetic emission in the range of Pc1–2 (0.1–5 Hz) found in Antarctica. A distinctive feature of SE complicating its understanding within the standard theory of the magnetospheric oscillations is a deep modulation of the SE carrier-frequency. The characteristic time of the frequency modulation varies from case to case from 1 minute to 1 hour. It is assumed that the frequency-modulated oscillations penetrate into the polar caps from the interplanetary medium, where they are excited in the form of ion-cyclotron waves as a result of the instability of plasma with anisotropic ion velocity distribution. To verify the hypothesis of the SE extra-magnetospheric origin a test is proposed. A previously unknown property of SE is discovered, which supports the hypothesis. The property is that at times the emission carrier frequency undergoes a pronounced 5-minute modulation. Apparently, a 5-minute modulation SE is genetically related to the 5-minute oscillations of the solar photosphere.
Salvage of failed osteosynthesis of an intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck using two cannulated compression screws and a vascularised iliac crest bone graft
Authors: Xiaobing Y. , Dewei Z.
Published: June 2015

We evaluated the outcome of treatment of nonunion of an intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck in young patients using two cannulated screws and a vascularised bone graft. A total of 32 patients (15 women and 17 men, with a mean age of 36.5 years; 20 to 50) with failed internal fixation of an intracapsular fracture were included in the study. Following removal of the primary fixation, two cannulated compression screws were inserted with a vascularised iliac crest bone graft based on the ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery.

At a mean follow-up of 6.8 years (4 to 10), union was achieved in 27 hips (84%). A total of five patients with a mean age of 40.5 years (35 to 50) had a persistent nonunion and underwent total hip arthroplasty as also did two patients whose fracture united but who developed osteonecrosis of the femoral head two years post-operatively. Statistical analysis showed that younger patients achieved earlier and more reliable union (p < 0.001). The functional outcome, as assessed by the Harris Hip score, was better in patients aged < 45 years compared with those aged > 45 years (p < 0.001).

These findings suggest that further fixation using two cannulated compression screws and a vascularised iliac crest bone graft is an effective salvage treatment in patients aged <  45 years, in whom osteosynthesis of a displaced intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck has failed.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:988–91.
Particle characterisation and cytokine expression in failed small-diameter metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasties
Authors: Singh G. , Nuechtern J. V. , Meyer H. , Fiedler G. M. , Awiszus F. , Junk-Jantsch S. , Bruegel M. , Pflueger G. , Lohmann C. H.
Published: June 2015

The peri-prosthetic tissue response to wear debris is complex and influenced by various factors including the size, area and number of particles. We hypothesised that the ‘biologically active area’ of all metal wear particles may predict the type of peri-prosthetic tissue response.

Peri-prosthetic tissue was sampled from 21 patients undergoing revision of a small diameter metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) for aseptic loosening. An enzymatic protocol was used for tissue digestion and scanning electron microscope was used to characterise particles. Equivalent circle diameters and particle areas were calculated. Histomorphometric analyses were performed on all tissue specimens. Aspirates of synovial fluid were collected for analysis of the cytokine profile analysis, and compared with a control group of patients undergoing primary THA (n = 11) and revision of a failed ceramic-on-polyethylene arthroplasty (n = 6).

The overall distribution of the size and area of the particles in both lymphocyte and non-lymphocyte-dominated responses were similar; however, the subgroup with lymphocyte-dominated peri-prosthetic tissue responses had a significantly larger total number of particles.

14 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-γ, and IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10), chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1ß), and growth factors (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and platelet derived growth factor) were detected at significantly higher levels in patients with metal wear debris compared with the control group.

Significantly higher levels for IL-1ß, IL-5, IL-10 and GM-CSF were found in the subgroup of tissues from failed MoM THAs with a lymphocyte-dominated peri-prosthetic response compared with those without this response.

These results suggest that the ‘biologically active area’ predicts the type of peri-prosthetic tissue response. The cytokines IL-1ß, IL-5, IL-10, and GM-CSF are associated with lymphocyte-dominated tissue responses from failed small-diameter MoM THA.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:917–23.