bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Dye in UV Light Irradiation by K2Ti6O13 Nanorods
Authors: K S Kiran , S V Lokesh
Published: July 2021

The K2Ti6O13 nanorods (KTNRs) were synthesized by Molten Salt Solution method (MSS) using TiO2 nanoparticles and potassium chloride as precursors. As synthesized KTNRs was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction to know the crystallinity, scanning electron microscopy confirms the rod type morphology with diameter 10 to 12 nm with length up to 80 nm, functional groups were studied with FT-IR spectroscopy, optical property of KTNRs showed the bandgap energy Eg= 3.41 eV by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The synthesized KTNRs was used as photocatalyst for degradation of the methyl orange dye under UV light illumination. The degradation of methyl orange dye followed the pseudo first order rate law. The kinetics and mechanism of MO dye degradation dye was studied for different photocatalyst dosage 5, 10 and 15 mg of KTNRs, maximum for rate constant is found for 10 mg of photocatalyst.
As políticas públicas educacionais para as pessoas em situação de privação de liberdade no estado do Amapá
Authors: Ferreira Josiane Pantoja
Published: July 2021

Este artigo apresenta um conjunto de normativas que balizam a oferta da educação às pessoas em situação de privação de liberdade no Estado do Amapá. O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir com o debate da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), enfocando o perfil do público alvo dessa modalidade de ensino e as políticas públicas educacionais para as pessoas que estão no cumprimento da pena de reclusão. O resultado da pesquisa possibilita uma reflexão das políticas educacionais voltadas para o ambiente penitenciário do Amapá, e evidencia que historicamente a EJA é marginalizada e que essa característica se reflete na prisão de forma intensificada.Palavras-Chave: Políticas Públicas. EJA. Pessoa em situação de privação de liberdade.Public educational policies for people in distribution of freedom in the state of AmapáABSTRACTThis article presents a set of regulations that guide the provision of education to people in situations of deprivation of liberty in the State of Amapá. The objective of this work is to contribute to the debate on Youth and Adult Education (EJA), focusing on the profile of the target audience of this type of teaching and public educational policies for people who are serving their sentences. The result of the research makes it possible to reflect on educational policies aimed at the prison environment in Amapá, and shows that historically EJA has been marginalized and that this characteristic is reflected in the prison in an intensified way.Keywords: Public Policies. EJA. Person in a situation of deprivation of liberty.Políticas educativas para personas en distribución de libertadem el estado de AmapáRESUMENEste artículo presenta un conjunto de normas que orientan la provisión de educación a personas en situación de privación de libertad en el estado de Amapá. El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir al debate sobre la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA), centrándose en el perfil del público destinatario de este tipo de enseñanza y políticas públicas educativas para las personas que están cumpliendo condena. El resultado de la investigación permite reflexionar sobre las políticas educativas dirigidas al ambiente carcelario en Amapá, y muestra que históricamente EJA ha sido marginada y que esta característica se refleja en la prisión de manera intensificada.Palabras clave: Políticas Públicas. EJA. Persona en situación de privación de libertad
Jornada de alfabetização de jovens e adultos no estado do Maranhão
Authors: Moreno Glaucia Sousa , Bezerra Mileny Alves
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a experiência da Jornada de Alfabetização do Maranhão – Sim, eu posso! e Círculos de Cultura. Além disso, busca recuperar as ações do programa que visam a processos emancipatórios, para além do ensino da leitura e escrita para jovens e adultos. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, recorremos à pesquisa bibliográfica com referencial freireano, Freire (2000 e 2002), documental e à pesquisa participante, enquanto membro da brigada de alfabetização do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra (MST) responsável pela condução da Jornada de Alfabetização. Pretende-se, assim, que o trabalho possa contribuir com as reflexões sobre a educação de jovens e adultos e a educação popular, como importantes instrumentos de emancipação dos sujeitos.Palavras-chave: Jornada de Alfabetização no Maranhão. Educação e Emancipação. Educação de Jovens e Adultos.Youth and adult literacy day in the state of MaranhãoABSTRACTThis article aims to analyze the experience of Maranhão Literacy Day - Yes, I can! and Culture Circles. In addition, it seeks to recover the actions of the program aimed at emancipatory processes, in addition to teaching reading and writing to young people and adults. For the development of the work, we used bibliographic research with Freire's reference, Freire (2000 and 2002), documentary and participatory research, as a member of the literacy brigade of the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra (MST) responsible for conducting the Jornada de Literacy. It is intended, therefore, that the work can contribute to the reflections on the education of young people and adults and popular education, as important instruments for the emancipation of the subjects.Keywords: Literacy Day in Maranhão. Education and Emancipation. Youth and Adult Education.Día de alfabetización de jóvenes y adultos en el estado de MaranhãoRESUMENEste artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la experiencia del Día de la Alfabetización de Maranhão - ¡Sí, puedo! y círculos culturales. Además, se busca recuperar las acciones del programa orientadas a los procesos emancipadores, además de la enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura a jóvenes y adultos. Para el desarrollo del trabajo se utilizó la investigación bibliográfica con referencia de Freire, Freire (2000 y 2002), investigación documental y participativa, como miembro de la brigada de alfabetización del Movimiento de Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierra (MST) encargada de realizar la Jornada de Literatura. Se pretende, por tanto, que el trabajo pueda contribuir a las reflexiones sobre la educación de jóvenes y adultos y la educación popular, como importantes instrumentos para la emancipación de los sujetos.Palabras clave: Día de la Alfabetización en Maranhão. Educación y Emancipación. Educación de jóvenes y adultos
Fundação Escola Técnica Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha: da construção física à constituição de um mito de excelência (1957-1967)
Authors: Müller Deise Margô , Grazziotin Luciane Sgarbi S.
Published: July 2021

Este estudo tem viés historiográfico e o objeto de análise é a Fundação Escola Técnica Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha localizada no município de Novo Hamburgo/RS. Tem o objetivo de explicitar as escolhas metodológicas que viabilizam a produção historiográfica vinculada à temática da História das Instituições de Ensino. Ao se investigar a gênese do processo de implantação de uma escola técnica, em determinado tempo e lugar, foi possível compreender a construção de um discurso de excelência de ensino em tal instituição e o envolvimento desse discurso com as políticas públicas de educação vigentes no período estudado, articuladas às características regionais do espaço geográfico em que a escola está localizada.Palavras chave: Metodologia de Pesquisa. Ensino Técnico Profissionalizante. História da Educação. História das Instituições de Ensino.Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha Technical School: from the physical construction to the constitution of a myth of excellence (1957-1967)ABSTRACTThis historiographical study relates to the History of Educational Institutions, and its object of analysis is the Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha Technical School, located in the city of Novo Hamburgo/RS. It aims at revealing the methodological choices that enable historiographical production in past times. Investigating the genesis of the process of implantation of a technical school, in a certain time and place, enabled understanding about the construction of a discourse of educational excellence in this institution, as well as the involvement of this discourse with educational public policies in effect in the period studied, articulated to the regional characteristics of the geographic space in which the school is located.Keywords: Research Methodology. Technical Professional Secondary Education. History of Education. History of Educational Institutions.Fundación Escuela Técnica Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha:  de la construcción física hasta la constitución de un mito de excelencia (1957 - 1967)RESUMENEste estudio tiene un carácter historiográfico y el objeto del análisis es la Fundación Escuela Técnica Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha, situada en la ciudad de Novo Hamburgo/RS. Tiene el objetivo de explicitar las opciones metodológicas que hacen posible la producción historiográfica vinculada a la temática de la Historia de las Instituciones de Educación. Investigando el origen del proceso de implantación de una escuela técnica, en determinado tiempo y lugar, fue posible entender la construcción de un discurso de excelencia de enseñanza en tal institución y el envolvimiento de ese discurso con las políticas públicas de educación vigentes en el período estudiado, articuladas a las características regionales del espacio geográfico donde se localiza la escuela.Palabras clave: Metodología de investigación. Enseñanza técnica profesional. Historia de la Educación. Historia de las Instituciones de Educación.
A universidade em ação: ensino, formação e extensão no Festival da Primavera da UEMG
Authors: Vaz Aline Choucair , Brescia Amanda Tolomelli
Published: July 2021

Este artigo versa sobre o I Festival da Primavera, realizado no âmbito da Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, em 2019. Os objetivos são avaliar o evento e promover reflexões para aprimorá-lo, pensando em projetos educacionais inovadores que aperfeiçoem o ensino, a extensão e a pesquisa na docência universitária, além da utilização do conceito principal de Moscovici (2003) para analisar as representações sociais dos participantes. A coleta dos dados ocorreu por questionário on-line, enviado a posteriori aos participantes. Os resultados apontam que o evento é um espaço importante para debates, mas ressaltam pontos a serem melhorados em sua realização.Palavras-chave: Festival Universitário. Comunidade. Extensão.The university in action: education, formation  and outreach in The UEMG Spring FestivalABSTRACTThis is an article about the UEMG Springtime Festival, which took place in the Minas Gerais State University in 2019. The goals are to evaluate the event and to promote reflections in order to bolster it, by thinking of educational projects that enhance teaching, outreach and research in scholarship, also using Moscovici’s (2003) main concept to analyze the social representation of participants. The data was collected through an online survey. The results show that the event is an important space for debate, although there is room for improvement in its organization.Keywords: University Festival. Community. Outreach.La universidad en acción: enseñanza, formación y extensión en el Festival de Primavera UEMGRESUMENEste artículo trata sobre el Festival de Primavera celebrado en la Universidad del Estado de Minas Gerais en 2019. Los objetivos son evaluar el evento y promover reflexiones para mejorarlo, pensando enproyectos educativos innovadores que mejoren la docencia, extensión e investigación en la docencia universitaria, además del uso del concepto principal de Moscovici (2003) para analizar las representaciones sociales de los participantes. La recopilación de datos se produjo mediante cuestionario on-line (en línea). Los resultados indican que el evento es unespacio importante para los debates, pero destacan los puntos a mejorar en su realización.Palabras clave: Festival Universitario. Comunidad. Extensión.
A influência da participação popular nas políticas públicas para a educação infantil no município do Recife
Authors: Silva Joyce Danielly Pedrosa da , Santos Ana Lúcia Felix dos
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo discute a relação entre as políticas públicas para educação infantil e as possibilidades de interferência da participação popular nas ações que são de responsabilidade dos municípios. Tem como objetivo analisar a influência da participação popular nas decisões para política educativas nessa área, considerando a concepção de infância e suas especificidades. Toma como espaço de estudo o município do Recife e adota como campo empírico documentos concernentes ao assunto. Procurou considerar os avanços e contradições que permearam o processo de reconhecimento da educação infantil como direito da criança. Os dados revelaram que a participação das comunidades e seus representantes foi determinante para a construção do perfil das ações para a educação infantil municipal.Palavras-chave: Políticas Educacional. Participação Popular. Educação Infantil. Recife.The influence of popular participation in early chilhood educaction’s public policies in the city of RecifeAbstractThis article discusses the correlation between early childhood education's public policies and the possibilities of popular participation interference in actions which are the city’s responsibility.  It aims to analyze the influence of popular participation in decisions for educational policies in this field, considering the concept of childhood and its specificities. Takes the city of Recife as a study space, and documents concerning the subject as an empirical field. It pursued to consider the advances and contradictions which permeated the recognition process of early childhood education as a child’s right.  The data revealed that the participation of communities and their representatives was decisive in developing the action’s profile for municipal early childhood education.Keywords: Educational Policies. Popular Participation. Childhood Education. Recife.La influencia de la participación popular em las políticas públicas para la edcación de la primera infancia en el município de RecifeResumenEste artículo analisa la relación entre las políticas públicas para la educación de la primera infancia y las possibilidades de la interferência del participación popular en acciones que son responsabilidade de los municípios. Su objetivoes analizar la influencia de la participación popular em las decisiones del política educativa para primera infância, considerando la concepción de la infância y sus especificidades. La ciudad de Recife fuera lo espacio del estúdio y adopta  documentos empíricos sobre el tema. Intentó considerar los avances y contradicciones que permearon el proceso que he reconocido la educación de la primera infancia como un derecho del niño. Los datos revelaron que la participación de las comunidades y sus representantes fue determinante en la construcción del perfil de acciones para la educación infantil municipal.Palabras Clave: Políticas Educativas, Participación Popular, Educación Infantil, Ciudad de Recife.
​Multiple Linear Regression Analysis for Factors Influencing Net Return Per Animal in Male Buffalo Calves Farming
Authors: Kumar V. Senthil
Published: July 2021

Background: An integrated crop with male buffalo calves farming system consists of a range of resource-saving practices that aim to achieve high acceptable profits and sustained production levels, while minimizing the negative effects of farming. The farmers earn good income by rearing these calves up to a suitable age and then sell them to meat industry, utilize the dung and urine as manure and fodder wastages used as feeding for male buffalo calves. Methods: Coimbatore, Theni and Kanyakumari districts of Tamil Nadu State were purposively selected for the present study. From each of the selected districts, 20 male buffalo calves rearer were selected randomly, covering a total of 60 male buffalo calves farmers. The collected data were analyzed, by using multiple linear regression function and study the relationship between net return per animal. Result: The five variables viz., sale price of animal, total variable cost, herd size, deworming practices and purchase age of animals were found to be significantly associated with net return per animal in male buffalo calves farming. The coefficient of this variable shows that for every one per cent increase in herd size, there will be 88.611 per cent increase in net return.
Comparative Profitability Analysis of Specialized Cattle and Buffalo Farms
Authors: Gadhvi D.N. , Sorathiya L.M. , Rathva A.L.
Published: July 2021

Background: Economic analysis in 20 specialized cattle and buffalo dairy farms of Gujarat was comparatively studied. The required information from selected farms was collected through personal interview. Methods: It was studied by working annual fixed and variable cost. Gross total income was obtained by sum of all the income generated in dairy farm by selling milk, dung and animals. The collected and derived data were subject to nonparametric test in SPSS software. Result: Total fixed cost was consisted of 19.06% of total cost and it was nonsignificant between cattle and buffalo farms. Total variable cost was higher in buffalo farms. The proportion of variable cost was major (80.94%) among total cost. Among total cost, feed and fodder cost was highest i.e. 63.69% followed by labour cost i.e. 15.72%. Buffalo farms were spending significantly higher amount toward dry fodder and labours. Average total income from sale of milk was Rs. 48.44 lakh (86.59%). Sale of ghee (9.81%), dung (2.72%) and animals (0.90%) was also having some contribution in return. The average net profit was Rs. 16.06 lakh per farm which was nonsignificant. Similarly, yearly overall net return per adult unit (AU) and per man day was 0.16 and 2.35 lakh, respectively. The net profit per liter of milk was Rs. 17.36 and 8.84 lakhs in buffalo farms and cattle farms, respectively. The overall benefit cost ratio was 1:1.35. Thus, it can be concluded that specialized dairy farm of crossbred cattle or buffaloes with herd strength 80-180 were profitable and viable enterprise in Gujarat.
​Husbandry Practices and Phenotypic Characterization of Bidri Goats in Karnataka
Authors: Inamdar Basavraj , Nagaraja R. , Kumar G.S. Naveen , Yathish H.M. , Kumar S. Naveen , Sudha K.V.
Published: July 2021

Background: The present study is focused on documentation of the husbandry practices and phenotypic characterization of Bidri goats, which is essential in recognition and improvement of this breed. Methods: A total of 20 random flocks in 7 villages were investigated. Data was collected as per the standard format suggested by ICAR-NBAGR (2012) and was statistically analyzed using analysis of variance in R software environment. Result: The average flock size of these goats was 33.43±4.73. The smaller flocks were generally housed in the part of residence, whereas, larger flocks (30-40 goats) were housed separately. Random mating was observed as males and females were grazed and housed together. These goats were predominantly black (73%), but black with white patches on ears, forehead, neck and knees (18%) and black with brown coat color (9%) were also found. The eyelids, muzzle and hooves were generally black in color and few exceptions were also seen. The forehead was straight in most of the goats but it was convex and concave shaped in very few. In these goats, 78 per cent were horned and were generally upwards, backwards, outward and curved, 13 per cent had downwards, backwards, outward and curved horns. Majority of these goats have pendulous ears and very few had horizontal ears. The average age at first estrus, first kidding, weaning age and kidding interval observed were 10.33±0.24, 17.57±0.40, 4-6 and 8.48±0.38 months, respectively. Usually the first kidding was single; twinning and triplet was 40 and 5 per cent of the breedable does, respectively. The mean body weight was 32.88±1.04 kg in bucks and 30.08±0.59 kg in does. Bidri goats are distinct and selective breeding would improvise the economic traits in these goats.
​Physico-chemical and Texture Analysis of Ice Cream Prepared by Incorporating Various Spices
Authors: Srinu Dhanavath , Baskaran D. , Dorai R. Palani
Published: July 2021

Background: Spices are widely cultivated in India across various states, which promote the opportunity for the development of spices incorporated products, delivering health benefits along with flavour and taste in the functional food market. Hence, the present study was undertaken to develop exotic foods such as spices incorporated ice cream by inclusion of selected spices viz., fenugreek, coriander, black cumin and cinnamon. Methods: The ice cream was formulated with spice powders at different equal incorporation levels of 1%, 1.5% and 2% and compared with control. The developed ice cream was investigated for their sensory characteristics, physico-chemical properties, textural parameters and microbial analysis. Result: The spice powders with 1.5% incorporation level in ice cream showed higher overall acceptability than others. Among the physico-chemical properties, the melting rate of spices incorporated ice cream was found to be in the range of 1.20 to 1.41 g/min. The overrun of the developed ice cream was found to be in the range of 48.57 to 53.09%. The hardness of the developed ice cream was found to be in the range of 2280.77 to 2485.04g. The results of the present study suggested that the incorporation of different spices in the form of powders improved the flavor and the textural parameters recorded higher values as the inclusion levels are high.
​Effect of Foliar Spray of Nutrients, Growth Regulators on Seed Yield and Quality in Hybrid Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp]
Authors: Sajjan Ashok S. , Shwetha N.
Published: July 2021

Background: The new generation special fertilizers have been introduced exclusively for foliar feeding and fertilization. The increased supply of nutrients and good response by plants resulted in enhanced translocation of nutrients to reproductive structures.Therefore, it is planned to study the effect of different nutrients as a foliar spray for growth, yield and seed quality parameters of hybrid pigeon pea. Methods: The experiment on effect of foliar spray of nutrients, growth regulators on seed yield, quality in hybrid pegionpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp] was conducted at Seed Farm, College of Agriculture, Vijayapura, Karnataka during kharif 2019-2020. The treatment consisting of foliar spray of control (T1), 1% Pulse magic (T2), 1% 19:19:19 (T3), 0.2% Borax (T4), 50 ppm NAA (T5), 1% Pulse magic+1%19:19:19 (T6), 1% Pulse magic+0.2% Borax (T7), 1% Pulse magic+50 ppm NAA (T8), 1% Pulse magic+1% 19:19:19+0.2% Borax (T9), 1% Pulse magic+ 1% 19:19:19+50 ppm NAA (T10), 1% Pulse magic+1% 19:19:19+50 ppm NAA+0.2% Borax (T11). Foliar spray was taken at flower initiation and peak flowering stage. Result: The results revealed that, foliar application of Pulse magic @1% +19:19:19@1%+ NAA@50 ppm + Borax@0.2% recorded higher number of branches (10.60), number of pods per plant (239.33), number of seeds per plant (5.75), test weight (12.18g), hybrid seed yield per plant (48.17g), hybrid seed yield per plot (1188.83g), hybrid seed yield per ha (1499kg /ha) and seed quality parameters viz: seed germination (93%), shoot length (15.08 cm), root length (18.67 cm), seedling vigour index(2649), lower electric conductivity (0.59 dSm-1) and protein percentage (22.18 %) respectively.
​Conservation Agriculture Practices: Impact on Productivity, Energy Utilisation and Profitability of Legume-based Cropping System
Authors: Sobhana E. , Swaminathan C. , Kannan P. , Gurusamy A.
Published: July 2021

Background: Conservation agriculture (CA), an agricultural production system with optimum inputs, high returns and sustainability while conserving environment is primarily required for command areas and rainfed uplands. CA helps to improve and conserve soil health through crop rotation, mulching, minimum field traffic and mechanical soil disturbance etc and conserve water to achieve economically and ecologically sustainable crop production. Methods: The field experiment was conducted for two years during 2019-21 to evaluate the influence of conservation agricultural practices on the system productivity, production efficiency and energy use under legume based cropping system in a command area. Treatments comprised of four cropping systems as Groundnut - foxtail millet (C1), Groundnut - barnyard millet (C2), Daincha - foxtail millet (C3) and Daincha - barn yard millet (C4) in main plots and foliar application of organics, 3% panchagavya, 1% PPFM and 0.1% humic acid formed subplots. Result: System productivity in terms of Groundnut equivalent yield (GEY) was significantly higher (8395 kg/ha) in the Groundnut - Barnyard millet cropping system with foliar application of PPFM 1% in CA system than that of conventional method. The production efficiency was maximum in Groundnut - barnyard millet system (34.41 kg/ha/day) and Groundnut - foxtail millet recorded the highest energy use efficiency (6.8%) which shows that maximum energy was effectively utilized under the system. Daincha - foxtail millet system had highest energy productivity of 0.91 kg M/J. Thus, the conservation tillage based Groundnut - barnyard millet system recorded more system productivity, highest resource use efficiency (both production and land use efficiency) and the highest energy use efficiency.
Pre-Service English Language Teachers’ Levels of Reflectivity during the Process of Identity Construction in Pedagogical Practicum: A Snowball?
Authors: Pita-Castro Angélica María , Castiblanco-Rincón Yury Alicia
Published: July 2021

This research study is about the way pre-service English language teachers’ levels of reflectivity, proposed by Van Manen, give an account of the construction of their identity as language teachers during their pedagogical practicum in a BA program of English Language Teaching at a private university in Bogota, Colombia. This study follows the principles of narrative research to explore the way the participants live their pedagogical practicum experience. Data were collected from the participants’ reflective journals and audio-recorded semi-structured interviews. Findings reveal that pre-service English language teachers possess a level of reflectivity, although they are unaware of it at the beginning of their pedagogical practicum. Thus, their identities as language teachers are constructed depending on the context, the people that are around them, and the specific time; hence, the levels of reflectivity as proposed by Van Manen are set in an incognito manner.
Language Pedagogy and Identity. Learning from Teachers’ Narratives in the Colombian ELT
Authors: Ubaque-Casallas Diego Fernando
Published: July 2021

This article examined two English teachers’ professional identities based on a series of interviews conducted in two universities in Bogotá, Colombia. This paper examined their experiences and discourses regarding language pedagogy. Accordingly, the study adopted a narrative methodology from a decolonial lens to put some tension on the normative conception of the traditional/hegemonic notions of pedagogy and teacher identities configured in the Colombian English Language Teaching (ELT) context. Findings revealed that teachers enact their language pedagogies by merging their personal selves with their professional ones. As a result, identities and ways of knowing are validated in negotiation between doing and being. This posture towards teaching exposes their ontological and epistemic struggles for humanizing their pedagogy.
University Students’ Attitudes towards the Use of YouTube in the EFL Classroom
Authors: Fernández-Carballo María Victoria
Published: July 2021

Noticing the generally lower-than-desirable English language proficiency level with which Spanish students start university, I considered trying a different approach in which the use of a familiar application would be introduced in the classroom. The main objective of this work is to explore Primary Education degree programme students’ attitudes towards the integration of YouTube in the English language classroom. To this end, 46 third-year intermediate-level students participated in the study. It adopted a mixed-method approach, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The results show that, although participants mentioned some drawbacks, they reacted positively to the use of the platform. Given these results and the benefits offered, the integration of YouTube in the foreign language classroom is highly recommended.
Method for testing modern common rail piezoelectric fuel injectors
Authors: STOECK Tomasz
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the author's own method for testing piezoelectric common rail fuel injectors, which for many years were considered non-repairable components. This was mainly due to the lack of availability of spare parts and dedicated measuring equipment, enabling full diagnostics under test bench conditions. As a result, their workshop and laboratory servicing was very limited, as effective disassembly concerned basicaly only the plunger and barrel assembly (needle with nozzle) for selected reference models. The situation has now improved to such an extent that an author’s own regeneration procedure has been proposed with the replacement of the most important controls and actuators. The tests were carried out on the example of Siemens VDO Continental PCR 2.3 fuel injectors from one engine, listing the most important stages of this process, including the correction of fuel dosage and returns.
Functional State of Respiratory Muscles in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kurpаtov I. G. , Geltser B. I. , Kotelnikov V. N. , Kinyaykin M. F.
Published: July 2021

The objective: to assess the strength of respiratory muscles (RM) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and determine the role of certain pathogenetic factors of COPD in the development of respiratory muscle dysfunction.

Subjects and methods. In in-patient settings, the strength characteristics of respiratory muscles were studied in 85 men aged 39-78 years suffering fromCOPD exacerbation. MicroRPM (CareFusion, UK) was used to determine the levels of maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures in the oral cavity, maximum rate of their rise during inspiration and expiration as well as the level of intranasal pressure before and after the test with salbutamol.

Results. Significant variability in strength characteristics of respiratory muscles was observed depending on the stage of COPD, its phenotype, and the presence of hypoxemia or hypercapnia. In patients at early stage of COPD, only expiratory respiratory muscle dysfunction was documented; at moderate and severe stages, inspiratory and expiratory muscle dysfunction was observed, and at very severe stage – diaphragm dysfunction prevailed. The results of the salbutamol test demonstrated the maximum increase in the strength of respiratory in early and moderate COPD and the minimum increase in extremely severeCOPD indicating the role of the irreversible component of bronchial obstruction in the development of respiratory muscle dysfunction. The emphysematous phenotype of COPD was characterized by inspiratory respiratory muscle dysfunction, while the bronchitic phenotype was characterized by expiratory respiratory muscle dysfunction. In patients with hypoxemia and hypercapnia, the strength of inspiratory respiratory muscle was lower versus normoxemia.
Study of Genotoxic Properties of Thiosonide
Authors: Sаvchenko A. Yu. , Burenkov M. S. , Bаydin P. S. , Rаmenskаya G. V. , Perovа N. V. , Kukes V. G.
Published: July 2021

The objective of the study: evaluation of mutagenic properties of thiosonide in tests of chromosomal aberrations in mammalian bone marrow cells and mutation accounting on Salmonella typhimurium strains.

Subjects and methods. Studies were carried out using F1 hybrids of CBA×C57BL/6 mice, they received thiozonide in the equivalent of a therapeutic dose and 160 times above it, once and in the course of 5 injections. The genetic toxicity of thiosonide was evaluated on Salmonella typhimurium strains in the tested doses of 1,000, 100, 10, 1 and 0.1 μg per plate.

Results. No mutagenic activity of thiosonide in the chromosomal aberration counting test in bone marrow cells of mice was demonstrated. The level of chromosome aberrations in the experiment did not exceed the corresponding control values. Thus, thiosonide at the therapeutic dose (25 mg/kg) and 160-fold increase above it (4,000 mg/kg) did not induce chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow cells of mice either with single dosing or several intragastric administrations.

According to the Ames test results, the number of revertant colonies in the solvent control in the CM- and CM+ variants was within the range of spontaneous fluctuations for these strains; thiosonide in all tested doses did not show mutagenic effect on the TA 100, TA 98, and TA 97 strains both with the system metabolic activation and without it.
Determination of Duration of the Intensive Phase of Chemotherapy for Respiratory Tuberculosis in Children without Bacterial Excretion and at No Risk of Multiple and Extensive Drug Resistance
Authors: Gubkinа M. F. , Yukhimenko N. V. , Sterlikovа S. S. , Khokhlovа Yu. Yu. , Petrаkovа I. Yu.
Published: July 2021

The objective of the study: to develop criteria to evaluate the duration of the intensive phase of chemotherapy for respiratory tuberculosis in children without bacterial excretion and at no risk of multiple and extensive drug resistance of tuberculous mycobacteria.

Subjects and methods. Totally, 93 patients with newly diagnosed respiratory tuberculosis without bacterial excretion and at no risk of multiple and extensive drug resistance of tuberculous mycobacteria. Their age varied from 2 to 12 years old. Regimen III was used: the intensive phase – 4 drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol – HRZE).

Results. The intensive phase lasted for 2 months in 39.8% of cases – the main criteria were achieved (relief of intoxication symptoms, normal blood rates, positive or stable CT changes) after 2 months and there was no indication to extend the duration of it. The intensive phase lasted for 3 months in 37.6% of cases – the main criteria were achieved after 2 months and there was at least one additional indication to extend it (17.2%); and the main criteria were achieved after 3 months and there was no indication to extend the duration of it (20.4%). The intensive phase lasted for more than 3 months (4 to 6 months) in 22.6% of cases – the main criteria were achieved after 3 months and there was at least one additional indication to extend it (12.9%), as well as in the case of failure to achieve the main criteria after 3 months regardless of the presence/absence of additional indications to extend its duration (9.7%).

Conclusion. Various combinations of the main criteria and additional indications made the basis for differential approach to determining the duration of the intensive phase of chemotherapy in children with respiratory tuberculosis
Respiratory Tuberculosis in Those over 70 Years of Age: Specific Course of the Disease and Diagnostic Difficulties
Authors: Shprykov A. S. , Sutyaginа D. A. , Dolgovа M. A.
Published: July 2021

The objective: to study specific features of the course and diagnosis of respiratory tuberculosis in persons aged 70 years and older.

Subjects and methods. Medical records of 93 patients aged 70 years and older who were hospitalized due to respiratory tuberculosis in 2000-2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Men made 60.2%, and women – 39.8%.

Results. Often tuberculosis was detected late when referring for medical care (68.8%). In 59.4% of patients, tuberculosis was detected later than in 2 months after the onset of the first symptoms. 89.2% had multiple co-morbidities. Destruction was detected in 52.7% of patients, bacterial excretion – in 69.9%, and remaining post-tuberculosis changes – in 34.4%. Sputum conversion was achieved in 81.5% of patients and cavities were healed in 53.1%.
Plasma Transport Proteins in Patients with Tuberculosis and COVID-19 at the Stages of Treatment
Authors: Shovkun L. A. , Kudlаy D. A. , Nikolenko N. Yu. , Kаmpos E. D. , Shlyk I. F. , Sаrychev A. M.
Published: July 2021

The objective: to assess changes in the level of lactoferrin and ferritin in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and COVID-19 during treatment, to determine their correlation with parameters of free radical oxidation and antioxidant protection.

Subjects and methods. Levels of lactoferrin and erythrocyte catalase ferritin, neutrophil myeloperoxidase were studied against the background of successful treatment in the group of pulmonary tuberculosis patients (n = 80) and the group of COVID-19 patients (n = 75). Their correlation with parameters of free radical oxidation and antioxidant protection was assessed.

Results. Before treatment, the median level of lactoferrin and ferritin increased in both groups, but in the COVID-19 Group, it was significantly more pronounced. At the end of the intensive phase in the Tuberculosis Group and when clinical improvement was achieved in the COVID-19 Group, the median ferritin level decreased. Increased myeloperoxidase activity and decreased level of erythrocyte catalase were also noted in both groups before treatment start; in the COVID-19 Group, the median level of myeloperoxidase was higher versus the Tuberculosis Group, which correlated with a higher median level of ferritin and lactoferrin in this group. After the end of the intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment and achievement of clinical improvement in COVID-19, there was a decrease in the median levels of myeloperoxidase, which coincided with a decrease in the levels of lactoferrin and ferritin. There was a direct strong correlation between myeloperoxidase-ferritin levels (r = 0.80; p < 0.01) and myeloperoxidase-lactoferrin levels (r = 0.73; p < 0.01). Against the background of treatment, intracellular catalase activity increased in both groups, almost reaching the normal value. Also, there is a strong inverse correlation between catalase and ferritin (r = -0.79; p < 0.01).
Specific Diagnosis of Spontaneous Mediastinal Emphysema
Authors: Romanov M. D. , Kireeva E. M. , Levina T. M.
Published: July 2021

The article describes a clinical observation of an 18-year-old patient suffering from bronchial asthma complicated by mediastinal emphysema which developed during a coughing attack. It demonstrates the possibilities of computed tomography in the complex diagnosis of spontaneous mediastinal emphysema.
Pretomanid: Clinical Trials and Prospects to Be Used in Treatment Regimens for Multiple and Extensive Drug Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Kukurika A. V.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the review of 68 publications, recommendations, and guidelines on clinical trials of pretomanid for the treatment of patients with drug resistant tuberculosis. According to the publications, combinations of pretomanid with other anti-tuberculosis drugs are highly effective and promising in the treatment of such patients.
Orman Yangınlarının Kuzugöbeği Mantarının (Morchella spp.) Çoğalması Üzerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması: Giresun, Alucra Örneği
Authors: SAĞLAM Bülent , AYBAR Mustafa , YILMAZ Fatma Nur
Published: July 2021

Türkiye’de her yıl binlerce hektar alanda etkili olan orman yangınlarından sonra yanan alanlarda birçok yeni bitki ve hayvan türü ortaya çıkmaktadır. Aynı şekilde yangınlardan sonra bölgede çok sayıda mantar türünün yoğun olarak ortaya çıktığı bilinmektedir. Bu türlerden kuzugöbeği mantarı (Morchella spp.) fiyatı çok yüksek olmasına rağmen tüm dünyada sevilerek tüketilmektedir. Mantar toplayarak gelir temin eden yöre halkı nazarında kuzugöbeği mantarı potansiyel yüksek bir gelir kaynağıdır. Kuzugöbeği mantarlarının bazı türleri, orman yangınlarından sonra yanmış alanlarda toprak kimyasındaki ani değişiklikler, küçük dal ve yaprakların yanması sonucu oluşan kül birikmesi nedeniyle bol miktarda ortaya çıkar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yanan ormanlık alanlarda toprak reaksiyonu (pH) ve organik maddeye bağlı olarak kuzugöbeği mantarının çoğalma potansiyelini belirlemektir. Sonuçlar, yangınla birlikte toprak pH'ının ve beraberindeki organik maddenin arttığını ve dolayısıyla kuzugöbeği mantarı çoğalmasının arttığını göstermiştir. Mantar, toprak pH değeri yüksek ve organik madde oranı düşük veya organik maddesi yüksek ve toprak pH değeri düşük topraklarda tek başına tespit edilmemiştir. Alanda yüksek toprak pH'sı ve yüksek organik madde birlikte bulunmalıdır. Orman yangınına maruz kalan ve mantarın bulunduğu alanların ortalama organik madde ve pH değerleri sırasıyla 7,25 ve 6,71 olarak bulunurken, aynı ekolojik özellikleri gösteren yanmamış orman alanının ortalama organik madde ve pH değerleri sırasıyla 5,65 ve 5.98 olarak bulunmuştur. Ülkemiz ormanlarında tahribata neden olan en önemli doğal afetlerden biri olan orman yangınlarının kuzugöbeği mantarı üretimi kapsamında da kullanılabileceği söylenebilir. Yanan alanlardaki mantar üretiminden elde edilen gelir, yerel orman köylülerinin gelirlerini artıracak ve sınırlı yıllık bütçelerine ek bir mali yardım sağlayacaktır.
İçme Suyu Dağıtım Sistemlerinde Su Kayıplarının Azaltılması: Kocaeli Örneği
Authors: KIZILÖZ Burak
Published: July 2021

Su kaynakları kısıtlı olan idareler için içme suyu dağıtım sistemlerinde görülen yüksek seviyelerdeki su kayıpları ciddi bir problemdir. Bu kayıplar, ancak şebekenin izlenmesi, kontrol edilmesi ve doğru bir şekilde yönetilmesi ile azaltılabilir. Bu çalışmada Kocaeli’nin merkez ilçesi olan İzmit’in mevcut içme suyu varlıkları sayısallaştırılarak hidrolik model yardımıyla yüksek seviyelerde seyreden su kaybının azaltılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç için ilk olarak toplam şebeke uzunluğu 1143 km olan İzmit’in 567,95 km’sinde 69 izole ölçüm bölgesi oluşturulmuştur. Her izole bölge içinde aktif sızıntı kontrol yöntemleri uygulanarak tespit edilen 2116 şüpheli sızmadan 684’ü onarılarak kayıplar azaltılmıştır. İkinci olarak tespit edilemeyen sızmaları önlemek için basınç kırıcı vanalar kullanılarak basınç yönetim sistemi uygulanmıştır. Aktif sızıntı kontrol metotları ve basınç yönetim aktiviteleri sonrasında minimum gece debisinde yaklaşık 192,48 l/s’lik azalma elde edilmiştir. Üçüncü olarak, izole bölge içinde ekonomik ömrünü tamamlamış su sayaçları yenilenerek idari kayıplar da düşürülmüştür. Sonuç olarak İzmit’in 2014 yılında %45,45 olan su kaybı 2019 yılında %29,50 seviyelerine kadar indirgenebilmiştir. Bu çalışmada uygulanan aktif sızıntı kontrolü, basınç yönetimi ve sayaç değişimi metotlarının diğer ilçelere de uygulanarak Kocaeli genelinde su kaybının azaltılması ve 2014 yılında yayımlanan yönetmelik gereği su kaybının %25 seviyesine düşürülmesi hedeflenmiştir.
Isparta Havzasının 1D Doğrusal Olmayan Zemin Tepki Analizi Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi; 1914 Burdur (Ms: 7.0) Deprem Senaryosu
Authors: SİLAHTAR Ali
Published: July 2021

Depremlerin meydana getirdiği yapı hasarlarının sadece depremin fiziksel özelliklerinden değil aynı zamanda zeminin özelliklerine de bağlı olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu durum zemin tepkisinin kuvvetli yer hareketi öncesi belirlenmesini deprem mühendisliği ve sismolojinin ana hedeflerinden birisi haline getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, belirlenen 24 noktada kayma dalgası (Vs) ve sondaj verileri kullanılarak Türkiye’nin en önemli tektonik elemanlarından birinin merkezinde yer alan Isparta ovasının zemin tepkisinin öngörülmesi hedeflenmiştir. Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği (TBDY-2018) zemin sınıflama kriterlerine göre ZC ve ZD zemin grupları karakterize edilen çalışma alanında 1 boyutlu doğrusal olmayan zemin tepki analizi yaklaşımı DEEPSOIL programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mw:6.9 İrpinia kuvvetli yer hareketi kaydı kullanılarak yapılan çözümlemede çalışma alanının en büyük yer ivmesi (Pga) ve spektral ivme (Sa) dağılım haritası oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma alanında yüzeydeki Pga değerleri 0.28-0.41 g aralığında, maksimum Sa değerleri ise 0.77-1.82 g aralığında dağılım gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca havza içerisinde birbirine dik iki kesit üzerinde Pga ve Vs30 arasındaki uyum irdelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar şehir merkezi ve yeni yapılaşma alanlarının yoğun olduğu Çünür bölgesinde zeminin kuvvetli yer hareketinin etkilerini önemli bir şekilde arttıracağını göstermiştir.
Evaluation of risk factors for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: ÜSTÜN Nuran
Published: July 2021

Aim: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a serious condition in neonates and is associated with neuromuscular dysfunction and death. In this study, we aimed to investigate potential risk factors for neonatal HIE.Methods: A retrospective case–control study was conducted on infants admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit between 2015 and 2020. Infants born at ≥36 weeks of gestation and diagnosed with HIE were included in the case group. For each case, 4 gestational agematched infants without HIE were selected and included in the control group. The groups were compared in terms of maternal demographic characteristics, pregnancy characteristics, and birth-related factors.Results: The study included 75 infants with HIE and 300 controls. Nulliparity, history of antenatal care, medical complications during pregnancy, prolonged difficult birth, abnormal fetal heart rate, mode of delivery, and acute birth complications were found to be significantly associated with HIE in univariate analysis. In multivariate logistic analysis, the lack of antenatal care, abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR), and acute birth complication were the strongest factors associated with neonatal HIE.Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the lack of antenatal care, abnormal FHR, and acute birth complications were risk factors for the development of HIE. Ensuring that pregnant women receive adequate antenatal care and applying necessary obstetric measures may help to reduce the HIE incidence.
Mechanically activated mine tailings for use as supplementary cementitious materials
Authors: Ramanathan Sivakumar , Perumal Priyadarshini , Illikainen Mirja , Suraneni Prannoy
Published: July 2021

Two mine tailings are evaluated for their potential as supplementary cementitious materials. The mine tailings were milled using two different methods – ball milling for 30 minutes and disc milling for durations ranging from 1 to 15 minutes. The modified R3 test was carried out on the mine tailings to quantify their reactivity. The reactivity of the disc milled tailings is greater than those of the ball milled tailings. Strong correlations are obtained between milling duration, median particle size, amorphous content, dissolved aluminum and silicon, and reactivity of the mine tailings. The milling energy results in an increase in the fineness and the amorphous content, which do not appreciably increase beyond a disc milling duration of 8 minutes. The reactivity increases significantly beyond a certain threshold fineness and amorphous content. Cementitious pastes were prepared at 30% supplementary cementitious materials replacement level at a water-to-cementitious materials ratio of 0.40. No negative effects of the mine tailings were observed at early ages in cement pastes based on isothermal calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, demonstrating the potential for these materials to be used as supplementary cementitious materials.