bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-Based Nomogram for Predicting Endometrial Lesions after Tamoxifen Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Cao Shaoshan , Chen Niannian , Ma Ying
Published: August 2024

Objective Endometrial lesions is a frequent complication following breast cancer, and current diagnostic tools have limitations. This study aims to develop a machine learning-based nomogram graph prediction model for the early detection of endometrial lesions in patients. The model is intended to provide risk assessment and facilitate personalized treatment strategies for premenopausal breast cancer patients.Method A retrospective study was conducted on 224 patients who underwent diagnostic curettage post-tamoxifen (TAM) therapy between November 2012 and November 2023. These patients exhibited signs of endometrial abnormalities or symptoms such as colporrhagia. Clinical data were collected and analyzed using R software version 4.3.2 to identify factors influencing the occurrence of endometrial lesions and to evaluate their predictive values. Three machine learning methods were employed to develop a risk prediction model, and the performances of these models were compared. The best-performing model was selected to construct a nomogram of endometrial lesions. Internal validation was conducted using the bootstrap method, and the model’s accuracy and fit were assessed using the concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves.Results Independent risk factors for endometrial lesions included ultrasound characteristics, duration of TAM therapy, presence of colporrhagia, and endometrial thickness (P < 0.05). Among the machine learning methods compared, the LASSO regression integrated with a multifactorial logistic regression model demonstrated strong performance, with a concordance index (C-index) of 0.874 and effective calibration (mean absolute error of conformity: 0.014). This model achieved an accuracy of 0.853 and a precision of 0.917, with a training set AUC of 0.874 (95% CI: 0.794–0.831) and a test set AUC of 0.891 (95% CI: 0.777-1.000), closely matching the predicted risk to the actual observed risk.Conclusion The developed prediction model effectively assesses the likelihood of endometrial lesions in premenopausal breast cancer patients. This model offers a theoretical foundation for improving clinical predictions and devising tailored treatment strategies for this patient group.
Molecular Characterisation of Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba infecting domestic and feral/stray cats in Jordan
Authors: Mukbel Rami , Hammad Haifa , Enemark Heidi , Alsabi Rania , Al-Sabi Mohammad
Published: August 2024

This study aims to carry out a molecular screening for the presence of Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and/or Entamoeba in the faeces of pet and stray/feral cats in Jordan. G. duodenalis was found in 27.9% (95% CI: 23.2–32.9) of the overall 348 sampled cats, E. histolytica was found in only 0.6% (95% CI: 0.1–2.1) of the cats, while none of the sampled cats had Cryptosporidium infections. The infection rate of G. duodenalis among indoor cats (32.3%) did not differ significantly from that of the outdoor ones (24.1%). The infections were significantly higher (p = 0.0004) geographically in the cold semi-arid areas (67%) compared to that of the cold desert area (24%). Multilocus sequence typing analysis on amplicons based on the bg, TPI, and GDH genes revealed that the majority of G. duodenalis infections were of the zoonotic assemblage B (65.9%; 64 of 97 positive samples), followed by the feline specific assemblage F (18.5%, 18/97), the cattle specific assemblage E (5.2%, 5/97), then assemblage C that is shared with canids (1.0%; 1/97). Within Giardia isolates, a substitution mutation (A/G) was found in position 297 of the complete protein coding sequence (cds) of TPI-BIII, which may represent a new spreading mutation within this gene among the cat population in Jordan. The results of the current study suggest that close human-cat interaction could play a role in zoonotic transmission of Giardia, but further research is needed to rule out the possible contribution of cats in transmission of other protozoa to humans.
Influence of Dietary Habit on Obesity Development Among Nigerian Adults
Authors: Segun Asaolu , Adeniyi Richard A. , Ndow Bakary , Mandlate Aquino Ernesto Da Graca , Jallow Chernor H. , Barrow Lamin F.
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives:Obesity remains a significant public health burden among adults globally, contributing to a wide range of health issues. Despite extensive research on obesity worldwide, there has been a notable gap in studies focusing on the specific dietary habits that contribute to general and abdominal obesity among Nigerian adults. This study aimed to fill this gap by evaluating the relationship between dietary habits and the risk of obesity among adults in Nigeria.
Methods: A total of 1000 adults were included in this study (males= 558; females= 442). Body mass index (BMI) and waist-hips-ratio (WHR) were used to assess general and abdominal obesity respectively and they were categorized using WHO standard. Descriptive statistics were used to analyzed the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. Prevalence ratio between dietary habits and both general and abdominal obesity were calculated using Robust Regression Analysis.
Results: The prevalence of general obesity among adults was 15.9% (11.9% in males and 20.4% in females); abdominal obesity was 31.8% (29.6% in males and 33.9% in females). In all the dietary habits variables, we only found a relationship between alcohol consumption, when do you eat the largest portion of meal and obesity. We found a positive association between: alcohol and general obesity (Model 1: PR=0.690, 95%CI:1.482~1.988); abdominal obesity in male (model 1: PR=1.405, 95%CI: 0.970~1.757) and female (Model 1: PR: 1.432, 95%CI: 0.965~1.839; Model 2: PR: 1.327, 95%CI: 1.087~1.525); A positive association was observed between obesity and when you eat the largest portion of meal . Compared to those that consumed their largest portion of meal during breakfast, adults that consumed their largest portion of their meal during dinner had a higher risk of general obesity (Model 1: PR=1.050, 95%CI: 0.704 ~ 1.564; Model 2: PR=1.010, 95%CI: 0.679~1.501) and abdominal obesity in males (Model 1: PR=1.405, 95%CI: 0.970~1.757) and females (Model 1: PR=1.432, 0.965~1.839; Model 2: PR= 1.327, 1.087~1.525).
Conclusion: This study highlights a concerning rise in obesity prevalence among Nigerian adults, significantly influenced by dietary habits. Our findings reveal an association between alcohol consumption, the timing of the largest meal and gender differences in the prevalence for both general and abdominal obesity. These findings may fill in knowledge to initiate discussions on food dietary guidelines and other targeted public health interventions for public health in Nigeria and similar countries with a high burden of obesity.
Assessment of benthic meiofauna in multi-stressed environment of a tropical estuary: A case study using low taxonomic resolution data
Authors: Sautya Sabyasachi , Gaikwad Santosh , Ram Anirudh , Basu Udita , Molla Nageswar Rao , Chatterjee Tapas
Published: August 2024

The estuary receives varying levels of anthropogenic inputs that significantly influence the benthic biota and suppress ecological health. Thus, multiple parameters (natural and anthropogenic) and meiofaunal community structure was assessed in the Patalganga estuary surrounded by industrial area. The eastuary have been divied in three distinct zones based on salinity gradients for assessment. In total. 16 meiofaunal taxa were identified with free-living Nematoda being the most dominant. Notably, low meiofaunal richness and density were observed in the upper and lower parts of the estuary (zones Z3 and Z1) during the pre-monsoon season, indicating different levels of envirmental perturbation. Zone Z1 was characterized by high hydrodynamic properties and significant human physical activities, while Zone Z3 showed high levels of pollutants. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed a clear distinction, with higher levels of pollutant chemical elements (PCEs) recorded in Z3. Additionally, n-MDS ordinations based on meiofaunal abundance indicated differentiation with partial overlap, suggesting significant impacts in Z3 and Z1, supported by low Ne/Co ratio values. BIOENV results indicated that environmental parameters (suspended solids, sand, organic carbon) and PCEs (Hg, Cr) are influencing the meiofaunal community at a higher taxonomic level, leading to poor ecological status. Therefore, the low resolution of meiofaunal taxa can be reliably used to assess the impairment of estuaries. This study underscores the importance of monitoring anthropogenic impacts on estuarine environments to ensure their health and sustainability.
Fine-tuning enzyme activity assays for monitoring the enzymatic PET-hydrolysis
Authors: Boros Krisztina , Nagy Blanka Eszter , Tomoiagă Raluca Bianca , Tőtős Róbert , Toșa Monica Ioana , Paizs Csaba , Bencze László Csaba
Published: August 2024

Efficient monitoring of the enzymatic PET-hydrolysis is crucial for developing novel plastic-degrading biocatalysts. Herein, we aimed to upgrade in terms of accuracy the analytical methods useful for monitoring enzymatic PET-degradation. For the HPLC-based assessment, the incorporation of an internal standard within the analytic procedure enabled a more accurate assessment of the overall TPA content and the assessment of molar distributions and relative content of each aromatic degradation product. The provided calibration curves cover a broad concentration range, from µM to low mM scale, facilitating assessment of both lower and higher PETase activities, with a limit of detection positioned below the reported PET-degrading activities. The increased reproducibility and accuracy of the upgraded HPLC method compared to the previous methods was supported by lower dispersion of product concentrations and their lower deviation from theoretical values, over multiple measurements. The other predominantly employed UV-spectroscopy assay was also improved in terms of employed wavelength and medium extinction coefficient of the three aromatic degradation products, while being cross-validated by the upgraded HPLC method. Finally, both methods were employed to monitor the product formation within the leaf-branch compost cutinase (LCC)-mediated PET-hydrolysis, that provided individual time-productivity profiles for each aromatic degradation product.
Epidemiological and etiological investigation of a rare family cluster caused by SFTS in Anhui Province in 2023
Authors: Chu Na , Lu Wan-Hang , Chu Xiu-Jie , Wu Jia-Bing , Chen Wei , Gong Lei , Song Dan-Dan , Tan Xiao-Wei , Liu Han-Bing , Liu Wen-Wen , Sun Yong , Chen Xiu-Zhi , Li Ming , Liu Xu-Xiang
Published: August 2024

Background
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease discovered in the 21st century. Transmission of the disease among humans has been described, but the transmission mechanisms still need further study.
Methods
Epidemiologic investigations were conducted after a cluster of 18 cases of SFTSV in November 2023 and 4 of them died. The index patient experienced onset of SFTSV on 21 October and died on 2 November. The secondary cases had onset from 7 to 13 November, peaking on 10 November.
Results
According to epidemiologic investigations, 14 secondary cases contracted the disease through contact with blood of the index patient. Another 3 secondary patients did not have a history of contact with the blood of the index patient, but they stayed in the mourning hall for a while. The index patient worked as a powerful source to spread virus to people having close contact with him. Meanwhile, the evidence of aerosol transmission of SFTSV can also be found in this cluster. Risk factors assessment revealed that exposure to the blood of a deceased person during burial preparation was more likely to produce secondary cases than exposure to the blood of living patient.
Conclusions
Contacting with deceased blood during funeral was associated with secondary cases of SFTS.
Life and death in the medieval mining centre of Kutná Hora - reconstructing diets during the recurrent mortality crises of the 14 th century AD (Czechia)
Authors: Kaupová Sylva Drtikolová , Frolík Jan , Velemínský Petr , Velímský Filip , Vytlačil Zdeněk , Brzobohatá Hana
Published: August 2024

During the 14th century AD, the inhabitants of Kutná Hora, an important urban centre in the Kingdom of Bohemia, were exposed to recurrent mortality crises. Using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, this study investigates the relationship between diet and the famine of 1318 and the plague outbreaks after 1346. Together with a comparative sample from regular graves, a total of 112 bone samples were collected, supplemented by 70 first permanent molars subjected to the dentine serial sampling method. The mean bone carbon isotopic value (δ13C) was − 19.3 ± 0.3‰. The mean bone nitrogen isotopic value (δ15N) was 12.0 ± 0.7‰. Individuals from famine graves showed lower δ15N values than those from regular graves. Individuals who survived into adulthood (survivors) showed higher δ15N values than those who died before adulthood i.e. non-survivors (even in the reduced sample of regular graves). Weaning age as estimated by WEAN software was 2.8 years. There was a significant difference between survivors and non-survivors but due to the smaller sample size, the confounding effect of other factors cannot be excluded. The population sample studied had a diet based on C3 plants, with a significant contribution from animal products and/or fish. Not surprisingly, those with a lower intake of animal products were more likely to die of starvation. Plague mortality does not appear to be related to dietary patterns. Apart from catastrophic events, current data suggest that a low proportion of animal products in the diet and perhaps earlier weaning reduced the chances of survival to adulthood.
Transanal intersphincteric combined with laparoscopic total mesorectal excision in treating ultra-low rectal cancer under direct vision at the Jackknife position
Authors: Zhong Guobin , Chen Zhiyu , Li Zhenfeng , Zhao Bin , Deng Junhui
Published: August 2024

Aim
To investigate the effect and clinical advantage of transanal intersphincteric (ISR) combined with laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) for treating ultra-low rectal cancer under direct view in the jackknife position. Additionally, the feasibility of this surgical technique was evaluated.
Method
This was a retrospective, single-center, single-arm pilot study. Ten patients with ultra-low rectal cancer underwent treatment by the same surgical team for direct view transanal ISR combined with laparoscopic TME in the Department of Anorectal Surgery, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital between January 2021 and June 2021. The relevant clinical data were collected and analyzed.
Results
All the patients underwent complete mesenteric resection without conversion to laparotomy. The circumferential and distal resection margins (CRM and DRM) were negative. The mean distance between the lower margin of the tumor and the anal margin was 2.8 ± 0.8 cm, and the mean margin of distal resection was 1.2 ± 0.2 cm. TNM pathological stages I, II, III, and IV were observed in 6, 2, 2, and 0 cases, respectively. The median follow-up period was 15 months (interquartile range, 8 months). The mean Wexner and Low Anterior Resection Syndrome scores at 12 months after ileostomy were 8.1 ± 2.1 and 22.4 ± 5.7, respectively.
Conclusion
Transanal ISR combined with laparoscopic TME is safe and feasible for the treatment of ultralow rectal cancer.
Tillandsia recurvata microbiome from trees and fences
Authors: Siqueira Josiane Soares , Carvalho Lucas Amoroso Lopes , Santos Carlos Henrique Barbosa , Frezarin Edvan Teciano , Pinheiro Daniel Guariz , Nicodemo Daniel , Desoignies Nicolas , Rigobelo Everlon Cid
Published: August 2024

Tillandsia recurvata is an epiphytic plant commonly found in tropical regions and colonizes tree trunks, fences, and power wires. This plant plays an important role in interacting with trees, sharing microorganisms, and performing specific functions in the process of tree colonization. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the microbiomes of T. recurvata collected from two different locations (trees and fences) and two plant tissues (leaves and roots). The hypothesis of this study was that the microbiome of plants on the fence is composed of microorganisms that would provide nutritional support to compensate for the lack of nutrients in a particular area. The results showed significant differences in microbial diversity between trees and fences, with trees exhibiting higher richness and more complex microbial networks. Proteobacteria was the most prevalent bacterial phylum, with Actinobacteria and Sphingomonas also playing key roles in nitrogen fixation and plant growth. Fungal communities were similar across locations, with Ascomycota and Basidiomycota being predominant, but Paraconiothyrium and Nigrospora showed significant differences in abundance between trees and fences. Functional analysis indicated similar metabolic profiles across leaf and root samples, with key functions including carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, stress control, and biofertilization.
Risk Factors and Adverse Fetal Outcomes in Umbilical Artery Thrombosis: A Comparison with Single Umbilical Artery
Authors: Zhou Tong , Zhang Jitai , Yin Fengli , Chen Wenyao , Xiang Huiqiu
Published: August 2024

Background
Despite relative abundant data on SUA, information on UAT is limited. Both conditions, though pathologically different, can result in similar clinical outcomes. Herein, we evaluated the risk factors and their effects on pregnancy outcomes for single umbilical artery (SUA) and umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT), and assess the consistency of these factors with adverse outcomes to explore the applicability of SUA prevention and management strategies to UAT.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study investigated pregnancies diagnosed with SUA and UAT between 2017 and 2021 at a tertiary hospital. Data on medical history, birth details, and diagnoses were collected from medical records. The potential causes of SUA and UAT were explored through comparative analyses with control groups and further regression analysis. Logistic regression models evaluated the adverse pregnancy outcomes potentially caused by SUA and UAT, with a comparative analysis of the adverse outcomes associated with both conditions.
Results
Prior cesarean section and in vitro fertilization were identified as independent risk factors for SUA, while nulliparity, prior cesarean section, and IVF were identified for UAT. SUA was associated with low birth weight, preterm labor, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), congenital heart defects (CHD) and urinary system malformations (USM). UAT was linked to LBW, fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, fetal distress, NRDS, and CHD. Compared to SUA, fetuses with UAT had significantly lower birth weights and greater incidences of LBW, FGR, preterm labor, and fetal distress.
Conclusions
The UAT encompasses the risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with SUA, suggesting that similar prenatal and postnatal care strategies may be applicable. However, due to the heightened risk profile and severity of outcomes in UAT, future research should focus on developing more specialized care protocols to address these challenges.
New global minimum conformers for the Pt19 and Pt20 clusters. Low symmetric species featuring different active sites
Authors: Guevara-Vela José Manuel , Gallegos Miguel , Rocha-Rinza Tomás , Muñoz-Castro Álvaro , Rodríguez-Kessler Peter L. , Pendás Ángel Martín
Published: August 2024

The study of Pt clusters and nanoparticles is a prominent area of research due to their ex- tensive range of potential technological applications, particularly in the field of catalysis. The electronic properties of Pt clusters that result in optimal catalytic performance at the nanoscale are significantly influenced by their size and structure. In this report, we sought to evaluate the lowest-energy candidates for Pt18−20 species via Density Functional Theory, identifying more favorable conformers than those previously documented in the literature. New low-symmetry conformers for the Pt19 and Pt20 systems were identified, which are 3.0 and 1.0 kcal/mol more stable, respectively, than previously reported structures (Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 2008, 77, 205418). Furthermore, we examined the impact of diverse DFT ap- proximations, including GGA (PBE), meta-GGA (TPSS, M06-L), hybrid (PBE0 and PBEh), meta-GGA hybrid (TPSSh), and range-separated hybrid (ωB97x) functionals. Additionally, we evaluated the quality of the employed basis sets in determining the relative energies and structures of the investigated clusters. Our findings indicate that a correct energy ordering for the different isomers examined can only be achieved by employing density functional approximations that incorporate moderate levels of exact Hartree-Fock exchange, in conjunction with the utilization of basis sets of at least quadruple-zeta quality. The resulting structures are asymmetric, with different active sites as evidenced by the analysis of the sigma holes on the electrostatic potential surface. This observation suggests a potential correlation between the electronic structure and the catalytic properties of these Pt clusters, which merits further investigation. We expect that this work will prove to be a valuable reference point for future electronic structure reports dealing with the precise ordering of structures in the determination of global minima of metallic clusters.
Fabrication and Fluorescence Analysis of Rhodamine Dyes in Polycarbonate Serpentine Microfluidic System
Authors: Al-Jarwany Q. A. , Habeeb Salih Abbas , Bakly Ali A.K. , Walton Chris D.
Published: August 2024

This work investigates the emission of polycarbonate substrates (PC) by UV-visible. Erotic nano-stage and 193 nm laser ablation are used to measure the ablation threshold (16mj.sec-1) of PC at 193nm wavelength after that ablation process continued to produce microfluidic serpentine channels on PC by using G-Code. The fluorescence characteristics of Rhodamine 6G and Rhodamine 101 are investigated. To conduct a more quantitative analysis of the absorption and emission spectrum, plot the integrated signal strength of absorption and emission at the peak wavelength against the concentrations of R6G and R101. Furthermore, the refractive indices of both R6G and R1010 vis concentrations are investigated; at low concentrations, there was overlapping, and at high concentrations, there was the least amount of overlapping. We observed that the two dyes differed greatly from one another; R101 showed better photostability and a more consistent diffusion, whereas R6G had a faster diffusion and stronger fluorescence intensity. These differences were caused by the different molecular structures of the dyes and their interactions with the PC micro-channel. The present research illustrates the varied behaviors of two fluorescent dyes in such environments and highlights the importance of precise microfabrication techniques in the development of microfluidic devices. This article presents experimental results for two dyes, R6G and R101. These are standard dyes with high Quantum Yields (QY), QY efficiencies depend on several factors one of which includes solvent concentrations, which are typically 97% and 100% respectively. These dyes will be used as standards when we measure QY for other non-standard materials. Other dyes are currently being synthesized within the chemistry department at the University of Hull. The dyes will be integrated on-board the LOC systems in reservoirs and cavities suitably positioned on the substrate architecture. Routing light around the small foot-print of LOC devices and spatially controlling how the light is confined to a waveguide is highly important in this work.
Silver nanoparticles reduce ACE2 expression via changing mitochondrial function in human fibroblast-like lung cell and periodontal ligament fibroblast cells
Authors: Takahashi Shosei , Tomita Kazuo , Igarashi Kento , Kuwahara Yoshikazu , Kitanaka Junichi , Kitanaka Nobue , Tanaka Koh-ichi , Kurimasa Akihiro , Kamikawa Yoshiaki , Sato Tomoaki
Published: August 2024

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have demonstrated antibacterial properties and are widely recognized as one of the most prominent types of nanoparticles. Recent studies have highlighted their effectiveness against coronaviruses. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the action of AgNPs on viruses and their impacts on the human body remain to be fully elucidated. Thus, we attempt to delineate the preventive effects of AgNPs against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our findings indicate that treatment with AgNPs reduces ACE2 expression, a key receptor for SARS-CoV-2 particularly in normal oral and lung cells. Additionally, we observed a decrease in the binding affinity of the spike protein to the cell after AgNP treatment. Through western blot analysis, we identified the involvement of the AKT and/or mTOR signaling pathway in this process. Since AKT and mTOR signaling have been reported to affect mitochondrial function, we investigated the effects of AgNP treatment on mitochondria. As a result, we found the localization of AgNPs within mitochondria. Furthermore, it was accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial Fe2+ and reactive oxygen species levels, ultimately resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. Our results underscore the remarkable efficacy of AgNP treatment in preventing coronavirus infections.
Assessment of the State of Pharmacovigilance in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria, using WHO Pharmacovigilance Indicators
Authors: Ezeodimegwu Augustus Chukwuebuka , Iloabuchi Francis Chibuike , Onyia Ifunanya Mary-Ann , Eze Cynthia Chidubem , Ezenri Gabriel , Onyekwuo Princess Chidimma , Ihemegbulam Chukwuebuka Vincent , Isah Abdulmuminu
Published: August 2024

Background
The importance of pharmacovigilance (PV) in ensuring drug safety, especially in the detection and prevention of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is critical. However, PV activities in Nigeria still face many challenges, such as very low spontaneous reporting rates, and inadequate training and funding. This study assessed the state of pharmacovigilance in the federal capital territory of Nigeria (FCT), using WHO pharmacovigilance indicators.
Methods
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was carried out among secondary healthcare facilities in the FCT. The WHO Pharmacovigilance Indicators Questionnaire, which consists of the structural, process and outcome measures, was used to collect data from the focal person for pharmacovigilance at all the consenting facilities. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize all variables. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Review Committee of the FCT development authority.
Results
Of the 14 secondary healthcare facilities in the FCT, 11 agreed to the study (response rate = 84.6%). Among the respondents, 4 (36.4%) were females, and 2 (18.2%) had 9 years of experience in pharmacovigilance. For the core structural indicators, 7 (63.6%) of the facilities had a pharmacovigilance center while only 4 (36.4%) had a copy of the Nigerian pharmacovigilance policy. Regarding financial provisions, 10 (90.9%) hospitals reported that there was no regular financial provision for the center while 10 (90.9%) centers had a standard adverse drug reaction reporting form. For the core process indicators, the mean ± SD of the nine core process indicators ranged from 0.9 ± 3.0 to 75.6 ± 38.6 and the total number of reports in the local database, therapeutic ineffectiveness, and medication error were limited.
Conclusion
The assessment of pharmacovigilance activities in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria revealed significant gaps in infrastructure, financial support, and process implementation. Despite the presence of pharmacovigilance centers in the majority of facilities, the lack of consistent financial support and limited adherence to core process indicators highlight the need for enhanced training, resources, and policy enforcement to improve ADR reporting and overall drug safety monitoring. Strengthening these areas is crucial for advancing pharmacovigilance practices and ensuring patient safety in Nigeria.
Nasal microbial diversity is associated with survival in piglets infected by a highly virulent PRRSV-1 strain
Authors: Obregon-Gutierrez Pau , Cortey Martí , Martín-Valls Gerard E. , Clilverd Hepzibar , Correa-Fiz Florencia , Aragón Virginia , Mateu Enric
Published: August 2024

Background
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) is a major threat to swine industry worldwide, especially virulent variants arising during the last years, such as Spanish PRRSV-1 Rosalia strain. The role of the nasal microbiota in respiratory viral infections is still to be unveiled, but may be promisingly related with the health status of the animals and thus, their susceptibility. The goal of this project was to study the nasal microbiota composition of piglets during a highly virulent PRRSV-1 outbreak comparing animals that died due to the infection with animals that survived it. The microbiota composition was inferred by V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. To deepen the analysis, we added samples taken from piglets before the outbreak as well as from the sows giving birth to piglets under study.
Results
Piglets that survived the PRRSV-1 outbreak reported a more diverse and different nasal microbiota at three weeks of age compared to piglets dying, which was highly related with the litter of origin and the sow of the piglets. In addition, the high abundance of classical swine nasal colonizers belonging to genera such as Bergeyella, Glaesserella, Neisseria and Moraxella (among others), was related with good outcome. On the other hand, a dysbiotic community dominated by Escherichiaand a different clade of Moraxella was found in piglets with bad outcome. Moreover, samples taken before the outbreak showed similar dynamics prior to virulent PRRSV-1 arrival, suggesting that microbiota-related susceptibility was already occurring in the animals and that the increase in mortality seen was related to the new highly virulent strain.
Conclusion
Our study suggests that the susceptibility to an infection such as PRRSV could be related to the nasal microbiota composition at the moment of infection and may serve as starting point to explore animal resilience. Since the dysbiosis detected as an initial response to infection may be not specific for this virus, further investigations should explore this phenomenon in the context of other viral infections.
GIMIC - Smoothed Graph-Image representationof Microbiome Samples induce an optimal distance
Authors: Shtossel Oshrit , Louzoun Yoram
Published: August 2024

An essential tool in microbiome is the distance between samples. This serves to detect groups of similar samples. However, current methods lack interpretability. We have recently shown that combining the cladogram with the abundance of each microbe into a sorted normalized abundance tree can improve the accuracy of Machine Learning and Differential Analysis. We show that smoothing these tree-based images to produce GIMIC (Smoothed Graph IMages of the MICrobiome) leads to an interpretable visualization of microbiome sets and that the difference between the smoothed tree-based images is a better metric than the current state-of-the-art in a wide array of tasks.
Microencapsulated essential oils in the diet of the Amazonian fish Colossoma macropomum: growth, loin eye, hematology and osmoregulation
Authors: Mota-Silva Jhonatan , Amanajás Renan Diego , de Melo Thayana Taveira , Silva Ricardo Cézar Alves da , Pereira Luiz André Lima , Paula-Silva Maria de Nazaré , Val Adalberto Luis
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the phytoadditive Digestarom® on the growth, osmoregulation and hematology and plasma metabolites of Colossoma macropomum. The phytogenic was added to the feed at concentrations of 0 (control), 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg kg− 1 and the animals were fed for 60 days. The results revealed that the fish fed with 400 and 500 mg kg− 1 of the phytogenic additive presented greater weight gain, higher specific growth rate, lower feed conversion rate and a higher condition factor compared to those fed with the control feed. The final length, feed intake, hepatosomatic index and survival rate did not vary between the groups throughout the experiment. The loin eye area was higher in fish fed 400 mg kg− 1 when compared to the control groups, 200 mg kg− 1 and 300 mg kg− 1. Hematological and biochemical parameters did not vary between the groups, except for cholesterol, which decreased in the 400 mg kg− 1 and 500 mg kg− 1 groups when compared to the control group. Glucose, triglycerides and total protein levels remained constant throughout the experiment. Plasma sodium and potassium levels showed an inverse relationship, with a reduction in sodium and an increase in potassium in the 400 mg kg− 1 and 500 mg kg− 1 groups when compared to the control. The enzyme Na+K+ATPase was elevated in the 400 mg kg− 1 group and H+-ATPase was elevated in the 400 mg kg− 1 and 500 mg kg− 1 groups in relation to the control. Thus, our data support that, at 400 mg kg− 1, this phytoadditive, which is based on microencapsulated essential oils, improved tambaqui growth without affecting hematological or physiological parameters. However, ion regulation enzymes indicated osmoregulatory impacts, with increases in potassium and decreases in sodium.
Quantum Task Impact Learning (QTIL)Algorithm on Quantum Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Palanivel R. , Muthulakshmi P.
Published: August 2024

Quantum reinforcement learning (QRL) can change computational paradigms through quantum parallelism. A novel algorithm called Quantum Task Impact Learning (QTIL) is coined in this paper, specially designed for the Cart-Pole environment. QTIL combines neural networks with quantum circuits to improve decision-making in dynamic environments. By manipulating quantum states iteratively (ψ) via a policy circuit (P) and computing temporal differences (δ) to update priorities depending on task importance, efficient adaptation to Cart-Pole dynamics is ensured by QTIL. Its prioritized experience replays mechanism guides quantum circuit parameter updates across minibatches thus enabling focused learning. As such, convergence can be achieved faster, and performance enhanced due to the role played by quantum states in Cart-Pole reinforcement learning. The fusion of quantum and artificial intelligence methods into QTIL opens possibilities for advances in quantum-enhanced machine learning especially in complicated issues like Cart-Pole. Potential exploration and optimization of QTIL may greatly enhance synergy between these two quantum computing paradigms leading to breakthroughs in reinforcement learning that are nothing short of transformative.
Quantum qubit-optical cavity node: Effects of the temperature and coupling strengths on the cavity Fock-state distribution occupation probability and entropy of the subsystems using Dicke model
Authors: Barhoumi Mohamed , Bassoli Riccardo , Fitzek Frank H.P.
Published: August 2024

One of the most attractive systems for scalable quantum processing is the trapped atom in the optical cavity, which is easily manipulable with lasers. The qubit-cavity system represents an attractive structure for quantum optics, with possibilities for applications in quantum detecting, quantum computation, and quantum communication. Also, the investigation of the cavity-atom system under temperature is a fundamental concept in quantum optics and quantum information science. Here we continue in this quantum way, investigating different qubit(s)-cavity systems (where we increase the numbers of the qubit inside the optical cavity from one to four). Employing the Dicke model, we calculate the cavity ground state occupation probability ⟨â † ˆ a⟩ and the expectation values ⟨Jz⟩ for each system. We find that these probabilities increase when the coupling 1 strength Cs increases. This leads to reaching the ultra-strong coupling regime, which depends on the numbers of the qubits. To describe the quantum state, we examine the cavity Wigner function WF as a function of the coupling strength Cs. Under the same parameters (e.g., Cs and the dissipation rates), we obtain that the separation of the quantum state in the WFs representation is different from one system to another. Furthermore, since understanding these kinds of systems is very important in order to improve the quantum network system, we study the entropy S of the subsystems (like S of qubit) in each system. Also, we move beyond by studying the effect of the temperature on the Fock-state distribution occupation probability and entropy of the subsystems. Our outcomes present another step to understanding the qubit(s)-cavity interaction to improve the performance of the future quantum networks based on this system.
The local Gaussian correlation networks among return tails in the Chinese stock market
Authors: Liu Peng
Published: August 2024

The financial networks based on Pearson's correlation are intensively studied. However, the previous studies may lead to misleading and catastrophic results because of several critical shortcomings of Pearson's correlation. The Local Gaussian correlation coefficient, a new measurement of statistical dependence between variables, has some new features that can capture the nonlinear correlation and are suitable for heavy-tailed variables. This paper constructs local Gaussian correlation networks using the local Gaussian correlation coefficients among both negative tails and positive tails of returns of stocks traded in the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Compared with the local Gaussian correlation network among positive tails and the network based on Pearson's correlation, the results show that the local Gaussian correlation network among negative tails better reflects the stock market risks. This finding suggests that we must pay more attention to the local Gaussian correlation network among negative tails rather than Pearson's network. In the future, it is worth reexamining the related studies using the local Gaussian correlation.
WITHDRAWN: Surface hydrophobization of pulp paper and nanofibrillated cellulose(CNF) films using blocked diisocyanates
Authors: de Souza Gustavo , de Carvalho Antonio José Felix , Kramer Ricardo Klaus
Published: August 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors as it was submitted and made public without the full consent of all the authors. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Global Diversity of Mesopelagic Mesozooplankton
Authors: Egorova Yulia , Reygondeau Gabriel , Cheung William , Pakhomov Evgeny
Published: August 2024

Despite the ecological importance of mesozooplankton, little is known about their global distribution and diversity in the mesopelagic realm. This study examines the spatial distribution and diversity of 861 mesozooplankton species using species distribution models. The highest species richness and range-size rarity were found in the offshore North Atlantic and coastal areas across both hemispheres, while the Pacific and Indian ocean basins had low rarity and species richness. Latitudinal species richness peaks around 30° N and 30° S, with hotspots mainly within 40°S and 40°N, absent in polar areas. However, mean species richness per area is higher and more evenly distributed in polar regions compared to equatorial or tropical areas. The study also found a correlation between water temperature and species richness, with the highest richness at around 25°C, decreasing sharply below ~10°C.
Efficiency of Blood Utilization in Elective Surgical Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia From November 2023 to April 2024. A Multi- Center Prospective Study
Authors: Denberu Yidersal Demsie , Belayne Enku Shiferaw , Shaf Amria Shamil , Tul Tseganesh Berhanu , Bult Yonatan Abebe , Shifera Ananya Abate , Melak Rahel Tilahun , Seyou Girma Gedeyon
Published: August 2024

Background: Blood transfusion is vital for managing patients with significant blood loss perioperatively. However, over-ordering of blood is prevalent, resulting in increased costs and resource wastage. Implementing various transfusion indices can help reduce unnecessary blood requests for elective surgical patients without compromising patient care. Objective: To assess the efficiency of blood utilization in elective surgeries and associated factors in Addis Ababa from November 1, 2023, to April 30, 2024.
Methods: A multi-center cross-sectional analytical study was conducted over a period of six months from November 1, 2023, to April 30, 2024, at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Menelik II Hospital (MH), Gandhi Memorial Hospital (GMH), and Lancet General Hospital (LGH). Hospitals were selected using simple random sampling. Using sequential sampling and a structured checklist, data were collected from all elective surgical patients during this period. Blood utilization was assessed using various parameters including cross-match to transfusion ratio (C/T), transfusion probability (%T), transfusion index (TI), and Maximum Surgical Blood Ordering Schedule (MSBOS) based on Mead's criterion for common surgical procedures.
Results: During the six-month study, 574 elective surgeries were performed with blood requisitions for 469 cases (81.7%). Gynecology/Obstetrics had the highest requisitions (36.2%). Of the 927 units requested, 182 were used, resulting in a cross-match to transfusion ratio (C/T) of 4.53. Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) showed relatively efficient blood utilization with a C/T ratio of 3.98, while Gandhi Memorial Hospital (GMH) had the highest transfusion probability at 32.6%. Neurosurgery had the highest transfusion probability at 65.3%, while Pediatrics and Orthopedics showed trends of over-ordering. Conclusion and Recommendations: Significant disparity between blood requested and utilized in elective surgeries leads to resource wastage and financial burden, necessitating revised blood ordering protocols. Implementing an updated MSBOS, utilizing C/T ratio and TI, and maintaining regular surveillance can optimize blood utilization and minimize over-ordering.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Significant disparity between blood requested and utilized in elective surgeries leads
to resource wastage and financial burden, necessitating revised blood ordering protocols. Implementing an updated
MSBOS, utilizing C/T ratio and TI, and maintaining regular surveillance can optimize blood utilization and minimize
over-ordering.
Psychological Resilience and Breast Cancer: An Integrative Review
Authors: Maluf Maria Fernanda Matos , Mori Lincon Jo
Published: August 2024

Breast cancer is the second cancer among women in Brazil, with 66,280 new cases in 2022 and estimated 72,000 new cases by 2025, according to data from the Brazilian National Institute of Cancer. On the other hand, there are a few studies of psychological resilience in Brazilian women with breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological resilience process in breast cancer patients. An integrative review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, the Virtual Health Library (BVS), and ScienceDirect. The search included articles published between 2019 and 2024 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. The following mesh terms were included: psychological resilience and breast cancer. The selection and analysis of articles followed the PRISMA guidelines. Of the 319 articles firstly selected, 39 were used in review. Of these, 14 included articles indicate that lack of support during breast cancer treatment can lead to adverse psychological consequences, thereby hindering resilience. The patients demonstrate hight level of anxiety, depression, decrease in self-esteem and self-concept, loss, or low fertility during the treatment in young women in childbearing age, which represents a significant concern for this population. For all breast cancer patients, the presence of external support, such as having family, friends, financial resources, and a support to carry out the treatment, prove to be relevant in maintaining mental health, thus enabling positive resilience.
Developing tumor microenvironment in rotating human melanoma cell cultures: study of novel preclinical model
Authors: Wawrowicz Kamil , Durak-Kozica Martyna , Wierzbicki Mateusz , Stępień Ewa Ł.
Published: August 2024

More than 97% of anticancer drugs under investigation fail in vitro evaluation, while only 0.4% of drug candidates that pass this stage proceed to the clinical trials. The differences between cell morphology and physiology observed in vitro and in vivo make the selection of a drug candidate problematic: traditional in vitro cultures do not reflect tissue-like conditions. Here we aimed for developing and characterizing human melanoma tumorspheres cultured in rotating bioreactors as an alternative for in vitro modeling. Tumorspheres were characterized by in-depth confocal imaging and image cytometry, followed by quantitative analysis that was used for whole tumorspheres characterization. Cell viability and changes in proteins expression were investigated in single-cell analysis through the spectral flow cytometry followed by STRING interaction networks assessment. The tumorspheres showed the ability to grow for at least one month to reach millimeter sizes. In this way, it was possible to improve the morphology of tumorspheres and to observe changes in tumor microenvironment (TME) and the expression of key proteins. The advantage of the described models is the creation of perspectives for further development of maintaining cellular models that are hybrid systems combining the features of spheroids and organoids for preclinical and translational research.
Optimization of Grid-connected Pv Systems: Balancing Economics and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Usman Habib Muhammad , Sani Baba Isah , Mahmud Muhammad , Saminu Sani
Published: August 2024

The increasing harmful gas emissions from industries and institutions pose a significant risk of extreme global warming and climate change, while unreliable power remains a major challenge in Nigeria requiring urgent attention. To address these issues, this study presents a cost-effective and optimized design for a grid-connected PV system at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria. Utilizing HOMER for optimization, the research examines three distinct optimization scenarios, each offering different insights into energy management approaches. The First scenario was designed consisting only grid, relying solely on grid connectivity, with high annual costs and vulnerability to price volatility and environmental degradation, particularly from coal power plants, resulting in an annual energy cost of $2,838 with no renewable energy contribution. The second scenario was designed consisting of grid and solar PV energy sources integrated resulting in lower grid dependence and improved cost-effectiveness though not fully optimized by dint of economic and ecological issues at play, with the annual energy cost being $2,714 with 1867KW h supplied by the solar PV system. With initial higher capital expenditures offset by lower energy purchasing costs and surplus energy sales, this third scenario option turns out to be economically advantageous in the long run. With 29684KW provided by solar PV and $521 sold back to the grid, the yearly energy cost comes to $1,043. The system is expected to recover the initial installation cost in two years, saving about $20,000 over the course of the system's 20-year lifespan. These findings support solar PV domination as a viable way to handle energy concerns in the examined setting and highlight the importance of taking economic and environmental factors into account when designing energy systems.