bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictores del Síndrome de Burnout en líderes de contexto organizacional
Authors: Engers Taube Michelle , Carlotto Mary Sandra
Published: February 2025

Burnout Syndrome is currently one of the main work-related illnesses due to persistent psychosocial stressors in work organizations. The aim of this study was to identify the predictive power of the Emotional Work, Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Conflicts dimensions for the Burnout Syndrome dimensions. The sample consisted of 244 workers who held leadership positions. The instruments used were the Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Syndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo, Conflict subscales, two Emotional Work Subscales: Emotional Demands and Emotional Dissonance; Emotional Intelligence Measure; and a socio-demographic and work-related questionnaire. The results, obtained through Multiple Regression Analysis, identified Emotional Dissonance, Emotional Demands, Self-motivation and Sociability as predictive variables for the dimensions of Burnout Syndrome. Thus, attention is suggested to the emotional aspects involved at work as a way of preventing Burnout Syndrome.
CELEBRACIÓN DE JUNTAS GENERALES TELEMÁTICAS. ASPECTOS CONTROVERTIDOS
Authors: Viguera Revuelta Rodrigo
Published: February 2025

This research examines the evolution of telematic general meetings of shareholders, focusing on the regulatory changes introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Initially limited in the Capital Companies Act, these meetings have been significantly reformed to accommodate virtual formats.
The study covers the different types of telematic meetings, including hybrid and exclusively telematic, and analyzes the relevant regulations, particularly those affecting virtual meetings without shareholders' physical presence.
It also addresses key requirements for implementing these meetings, such as statutory provisions, quorum for amending bylaws, and meeting announcements.
Finally, the research highlights the challenges, especially regarding the reliable identification of participating shareholders.
Methylations with Methanol via Bioinspired Catalytic C–O bond Cleavage
Authors: Xie Youwei , Huang Qing , Xiang Yao , Wu Yaqi , Zheng Yuzhu , Liao Rong-Zhen
Published: February 2025

Nature has a delicate system for catalysis due to optimization through evolution, which often displays unparalleled efficiency and selectivity. “learning from nature” is a popular and effective approach in designing new reactions and catalysts when traditional strategies fail. Here, we proved that it can be highly rewarding to consider nature’s repertoire of catalysis during the effort to facilitate the challenging heterolytic C–O bond cleavage of methanol (MeOH) by studying its metabolism by methyltransferase complex in certain methanogenic microorganisms that contains a Brønsted acid cluster flanked by a Zinc moiety, which led to the identification of the combination of an easily available Brønsted acid Cat.1 and Zn(OTf)2 as a highly efficient and practical binary catalyst for cooperative MeOH activation in various important methylation reactions, including some of those carried out in large scale in industry with significantly increased selectivity under relatively less demanding reaction conditions. This method activates MeOH via heterolytic C–O bond cleavage rather than C–H bond cleavage, therefore, inexpensive and less toxic CD3OD could be used directly as an effective d3-methylating agent. Mechanistic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest a synergy between Cat.1 and Zn(OTf)2, suggestive of that found in methanol-activating MtaBC complex in Methanosarcina barkeri.
Enhancing Endovascular Interventions with A Robotic System with Vision-Based Collaborative Assistance
Authors: WANG Cheng , Zhu Jianjun , Zhu Lifeng , Zhang Tianxue , Zhang Yi , Zhang Du , Zhang Bohan , Li Xinhua , Wu Yanju , Chen Peng , Huang Yongyang , Song Aiguo , Teng Gao-Jun
Published: February 2025

Visual feedback derived from digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images is indispensable for guiding interventional decisions during vascular procedures, as real-time DSA imaging provides critical information about the precise positioning of instruments within the vasculature. Excessive bending of the guidewire or microwire tip can pose significant risks, including potential damage to the intimal surface. To address this challenge, this study aims to integrate DSA-based visual feedback into the closed-loop control of an endovascular robotic system, thereby enhancing its safety and intelligence to prevent excessive wire bending. Building on prior work, we propose a distributed hardware and software architecture for the robotic system. This architecture enables robust support for various combinations of interventional instruments while ensuring efficient and reliable transmission of data and commands between system modules. A key innovation is the introduction of vision-based collaborative assistance, which utilizes DSA images to segment the interventional instrument and calculate its bending energy based on the wire’s curvature. This calculated energy is then constrained through nonlinear thresholds to establish a closed-loop control logic. The vascular interventional robotic system was deployed in a standard interventional operating room and evaluated through experiments involving vascular phantoms and animal models. These evaluations demonstrated the system’s capabilities in teleoperation, low communication latency across modules, and improved procedural safety and intelligence facilitated by the vision co-pilot. Quantitative results indicated that the vision co-pilot significantly reduced excessive bending of the microwire tip, enabling smoother, safer, and more efficient completion of interventional tasks.
Incidence of Ascaris ssp in United Mexican States’ population for twenty years (2003-2022) and incidence prediction until 2030
Authors: Hernández José Manuel , Ibañez-Cervantes Gabriela , Nogueda-Torres Benjamín , Camacho-Nuez Minerva , Camacho Alejandro D. , Fuentes-Domínguez Diego , León-Avila Gloria
Published: February 2025

Purpose
Soil-transmitted helminth infections affect people who live in areas with poor sanitation, low socioeconomical level. Ascaris lumbricoides is one of the most frequent parasites worldwide and in México. The General Directorate of Epidemiology reports data related to infections weekly, and this study was based on that. The aim of this study was to analyze the SINAVE data for twenty years (2003–2022) to assess the incidence of ascariasis in the United Mexican States.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational analysis of ascariasis from January 2003 to December 2022, classifying data by year, age group, state gender, and season. A predictive model was used to estimate the new cases until 2030.
Results
From 2003 to 2022, the total number of new cases registered in the whole country decreased by 81.2%. The geographical distribution of the new cases was more pronounced in the Neotropical region of Yucatan, Tabasco, and Chiapas States. Women and infants from 1 to 9 years old exhibited the highest incidence. The prediction model showed that in 2030, there will be an incidence higher than 15000 new cases in the United Mexican States.
Conclusions
This work indicates that Ascaris infection tends to decrease, which could be related to hands hygiene and the look down during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Role of End-to-End and End-to-Side Anastomoses in Free Flap Success: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: CENGİZ İHTİŞAM ZAFER , YAVUZ ENSARİ
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of end-to-end and end-to-side anastomosis techniques on arterial and venous thrombosis rates in free flap surgery and to examine their relationship with flap success rates.
Materials and Methods: The study includes 472 free flap patients who underwent surgery between 2016 and 2024 at Çukurova University and Atlas University hospitals. A total of 86 patients with additional comorbidities or hypercoagulable conditions were excluded from the study. A total of 911 anastomoses were analyzed, of which 41% were end-to-side and 59% were end-to-end. Arterial and venous thrombosis rates were retrospectively analyzed, and the data were statistically evaluated using SPSS software.
Results: No significant difference was observed in thrombosis rates between end-to-end and end-to-side arterial anastomoses (p>0.05). However, end-to-side venous anastomoses demonstrated significantly lower thrombosis rates compared to end-to-end venous anastomoses (p<0.05). Flap success rates were higher in cases with end-to-side anastomoses, where venous thrombosis rates were notably lower.
Conclusion: End-to-side anastomosis emerges as a more effective technique in reducing thrombosis rates, particularly in venous anastomoses. The absence of a significant difference between end-to-end and end-to-side techniques in arterial anastomoses suggests that both methods can be safely utilized based on the surgeon's preference and the vascular anatomy. This study highlights the impact of anastomosis technique selection on the success of free flap surgery. However, as vessel diameter and type could not be comprehensively analyzed for their effects on thrombosis, further studies are needed in this area.
Maturation of captive male giant grouper Epinephelus lanceolatus in subtropical waters in Japan
Authors: Masuma Shukei , Aoki Ryuichiro
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to determine the maturation process of captive male giant grouper Epinephelus lanceolatus (GG) in the subtropical waters of the Amami Islands, Japan. The experiment commenced in February 2019 using 134 GG (3 years and 5 months old; mean body weight [BW] = 6.0 kg) raised from hatchery-reared juveniles. Of those, 31 were administered 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) at a concentration of 2 mg/kg BW using cholesterol pellets, and the others were not. We assessed the spermiation response (SpR) of all individuals approximately once a month for over one year, from April 2019 to May 2020. Sperm motility (%SM) was also assessed when sufficient semen samples were obtained. The SpR was observed in 22.3% (23/103) untreated and 93.5% (29/31) of MT-treated GG. Some individuals from both groups showed consistent SpR throughout the year. The mean %SM for MT-untreated and treated GG were 49 and 56%, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups. Histological analysis of the gonads of the untreated GG was conducted on three fish harvested in July 2019. While two transitioned from female to male and contained immature oocytes, another possessed fully functional testis; this suggests that sex reversal in GG involves a direct transition from immature female to male. Our study demonstrated that hatchery-reared male GG mature year-round and could maintain motile spermatozoa of consistent quality in the subtropical waters of the Amami Islands. This result is critical for improving any hybridisation using GG males. This study is the first to report on the reproductive ecology of male GG in subtropical waters.
Advancing Civil Engineering Education: A Systematic Review of Opportunities, Trends, Challenges, and Future Research Directions in Computer-Altered Reality Technologies
Authors: Hosny   Fatma , Mantha Bharadwaj R. K. , Dabous Saleh Abu , Al-Khateeb Ghazi , Omar Maher , Arab Mohamed G. , Zeiada Waleed , Merabtene Tarek , Hamad Khaled
Published: February 2025

The increasing complexity of civil engineering demands innovative tools to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Computer-altered reality (CAR) technologies offer immersive environments that enhance learning outcomes. However, civil engineering education lags behind other disciplines in adopting these technologies. This study systematically reviewed 359 relevant studies from an initial pool of 1508 from 20214 to 2023 using a nine-step methodology involving keyword optimization, statistical analysis, and thematic mapping. The method employed was a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Key opportunities include improved visualization, increased engagement, and practical skill building, with 74% of studies reporting enhanced student performance. Trends reveal the growing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and internet of things (IoT) into CAR platforms, enabling adaptive learning. For instance, AI-driven AR overlays improve site inspection accuracy by 36%, while IoT-linked virtual reality (VR) provides dynamic, contextual training. Comparatively, while disciplines like mechanical and aerospace engineering leverage CAR for design and manufacturing simulations, civil engineering applications are more focused on virtual construction sites and structural analysis, reflecting unique characteristics. Significant challenges persist, including high implementation costs (68%), insufficient educator training (54%), and limited infrastructure (41%). Ethical and psychological considerations remain largely unaddressed, with 95% of studies overlooking privacy, cybersecurity, and long-term psychological impacts, such as VR-induced discomfort. These gaps present critical areas for future research to ensure responsible CAR integration. Future directions include cost-effective CAR solutions, improved educator training, interdisciplinary collaborations, and a focus on ethical and cybersecurity concerns. Addressing the long-term psychological impacts of CAR technologies also remains imperative.
CFD and experimental analysis of greenhouse climate and plant comfort in mediterranean regions: impact of crop presence and time variations
Authors: Zghal Olfa , Ketata Ahmed , Abid Hasna , Zouari Slim , Gugliuzza Giovanni , Mejri Maroua , Arrabito Emilia , Driss Zied
Published: February 2025

This study investigates indoor climate dynamics within a large-scale soilless greenhouse in Manouba, northern Tunisia, examining the effects of daily environmental variations. By combining experimental and numerical methods, it analyzes how factors such as glazing, ventilation, crop type, and concrete surfaces influence indoor climate conditions. The study validated a numerical model’s accuracy, particularly for temperature profiles, by comparing its outputs with experimental data. To ensure reliability, the model underwent rigorous testing, including grid independence analysis, incorporation of turbulence and radiation models, and optimization to reflect external conditions accurately. Simulations were run with and without crops, showing that the presence of crops raised temperatures by approximately 1 K for lettuce and 2.2 K for tomato, emphasizing the importance of crop optical properties and transpiration on temperature distribution and ventilation. Temperature patterns within the greenhouse varied, with a 1.2% drop in the center between 13 h and 16 h and a 2.4% increase from 9 h to 13 h. Ground-level temperatures were the highest, largely due to solar radiation. The study established a strong correlation to predict indoor temperature changes in response to external factors, accounting for conditions with and without crops. Additionally, the research addresses thermal comfort indicators like vapor pressure deficit (VPD), offering insights into optimal climate management across different crop scenarios. The findings provide valuable guidance for greenhouse engineers on temperature distribution, suggesting effective sensor placement, monitoring techniques, and control strategies to improve greenhouse performance and crop yield.
Population literacy level in 1926–1939 (by the materials of Sverdlovsk region)
Authors:   Institute of History and Archeology of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, V. Zharkov Alexander
Published: February 2025

Background. In Russia in the 1920s and 1930s, work was carried out to eliminate illiteracy and implement universal primary education. The purpose of the study is to find out how these events influenced changes in the literacy level of the population of the Sverdlovsk region, a region whose level of urbanization increased significantly during the years of forced industrialization. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, we mainly used materials from the population censuses of 1926 and 1939, as well as information about the education system presented in statistical collections. Censuses reflect the literacy rate of the population before and after the introduction of universal primary education. During the specified time period, the administrative boundaries of regions changed several times in the country. To compare them, the QGIS geographic information system was used. The study uses historical-genetic, historical-comparative, statistical methods, and geoinformation analysis. Results. Quantitative changes in the network and student population of educational institutions at different levels are shown. The literacy level of men and women in cities, ru-ral areas and among the entire population in the age groups 9–19, 20–49, 50 and over, as well as 9–49 and 9 years and older in 1926 and 1939 was studied. A comparison was made of the literacy rates of the population of the region and the RSFSR. The magnitude of changes that occurred during the intercensal period was revealed. Conclusions. By 1939, the population of the region aged 9-19 years old had achieved almost absolute literacy, and those aged 20–49 years old were gradually approaching it. But literacy rates among the population 50 years and older remained comparatively low. The literacy level of women lagged behind the literacy level of men, slightly among young people and very much among the older generation. At the same time, literacy rates among women grew at a faster rate than among men. When comparing the Sverdlovsk region and the RSFSR, it is clear that among the population of the region as a whole, the proportion of literate people was slightly higher.
Issues of everyday life and social adaptation of Moscow and Moscow region residents in the conditions of evacuation to the Mari ASSR during the Great Patriotic War
Authors:   Mari Scientific Research Institute of Language, Literature and History named after V.M. Vasilyev, A. Koshkina Olga , O. Lekhanov Pavel ,   Mari Scientific Research Institute of Language, Literature and History named after V.M. Vasilyev
Published: February 2025

Background. The article examines the issue of evacuation of the civilian population from Moscow and the Moscow region, the region with the largest number of arrivals to the Mari ASSR during the Great Patriotic War. In the course of the study, attention is drawn to the problems of a domestic nature faced by the evacuees, as well as to the organization of reception, accommodation and further assistance from the republican authorities. The purpose of the work is to study the process of evacuation from Moscow and region to the Mari ASSR, the peculiarities of everyday life and social adaptation. Materials and methods. The sources on this topic are mainly documents identified in the State Archive of the Republic of Mari El. The systematic approach reflects the complexity and connection of the evacuation process with other events of the period, their influence on each other. The principles of historicism and objectivity contribute to the correct analysis and understanding of the phenomenon under study. Results. Strengths and weaknesses in working with evacuees were identified. The strengths include a good organization for the reception of refugees, a high degree of employment, and constant attention to improving work with the evacuated population. The weak ones include the material supply of both things and products, inter-ruptions in the work of institutions, and often the unpreparedness of local residents to receive evacuees. Conclusions. Evacuation to the Mari ASSR during the Great Patriotic War was important for saving lives and protecting the population. Of course, this was accompanied by a significant number of difficulties, largely due to objective factors of wartime. Moreover, the evacuation contributed to the replenishment of the labor reserve, primarily in industry and agriculture, which also had a certain positive impact on the economy of the region.
Studying the frequency spectrum of acoustic emission signals by the infradyne transform method
Authors:   Penza State University, D. Krevchik Vladimir , V. Rudin Aleksandr ,   Penza State University, V. Safonov Vyacheslav ,   Penza State University
Published: February 2025

Background. The process of formation and development of microcracks in the walls of a tank with liquefied hydrocarbons can inevitably lead to a breach of tightness and, as a consequence, to the creation of a fire-hazardous situation and, yes, an explosion of the tank. The acoustic emission method allows to diagnose the tightness of the walls of the reservoirs, as well as machine parts and structures, in the mode of their operation. The purpose of the work was to develop a technique for reducing the influence of lowfrequency signals of external noise on the spectrum of recorded acoustic pulses and determining the type of microdefect corresponding to this frequency spectrum. Materials and methods. To reduce the influence of low-frequency signals of external noise on the spectrum of recorded acoustic pulses, an original technique is proposed based on the infradine RF conversion of acoustic emission signals, followed by the transfer of the frequency spectrum of the received acoustic emission signals from the low-frequency ultrasound frequency range to three separate high-frequency spectral regions without changing parameters of the frequency spectrum of acoustic signals. Results. A functional block diagram of an acoustic installation has been developed that allows recording acoustic emission signals with subsequent infradine RF conversion and separation into three separate frequency channels, simultaneously registering the number of pulses and the amplitude of individual acoustic emission pulses. The parameters of LC circuits of bandpass filters of resonant RF amplifiers have been calculated. Conclusions. The use of the method of infradine conversion of acoustic emission signals arising in the elastic deformation mode allowed to significantly reduce the influence of low-frequency external noise signals on the spectrum of recorded acoustic pulses, increase the sensitivity of the acoustic installation and determine the type of micro-defect formed in various machine parts and structures in their operation mode.
Integrative Multi-omics Analysis and Mendelian Randomization
Reveal Potential Therapeutic Targets and their Stratification in Lung
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Youpeng , Li Enzhong , Chang Zhenglin , Xie Yifei , Chen Xiaoyi , Sun Junquan , Lai Xuntao , Cheng Zhangkai J. , Sun Baoqing
Published: February 2025

Background:

Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSC), a major subtype of non-small cell lung cancer, presents significant treatment challenges due to limited targeted therapy options. This study aims to identify novel therapeutic targets to improve therapeutic
strategies for LUSC.

Methods:

By employing bulk RNA sequencing, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network
Analysis (WGCNA), survival analysis, and Mendelian Randomization (MR), we pinpointed
genes with prognostic relevance to LUSC. These genes were further scrutinized for their
therapeutic potential through LASSO regression, Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network
analysis, and immune infiltration assessments. To delve into the roles and cell-specific expressions of these genes within the LUSC microenvironment, pathway enrichment analysis,
single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and pseudotime analysis were conducted.

Results:

Our integrative approach identified 23 prognostically significant therapeutic targets, categorized into tier-one, tier-two, and tier-three genes based on their potential therapeutic relevance. Functional enrichment analyses highlighted the significant role of these
genes in immune response regulation, particularly in T-cell receptor signaling and the complement system. scRNA-seq analysis revealed cell-type-specific expression patterns and
pseudotime analysis provided insights into cellular heterogeneity and developmental trajectories in LUSC.

Conclusions:

In this study, we identified 3 tier-one genes (MCM6, C4B, CTC-463A16.1), 7
tier-two genes (C4A, HLA-DRB9, LIMS2, LINC00654, MYO7B, SIGLEC5, TIE1), and 13
tier-three genes (AC007743.1, AC147651.4, ALDH2, BTN3A2, BTNL9, CCR1, GIPC3,
HLA-DQB1, ICAM5, LIMD1, PM20D1, RP11-302L19.3, RP11-768F21.1).
Skin Aging: Insights into the Role of Fatty Acids
Authors: Kshirsagar Snehal , Thomas Asha , Deshkar Sanjeevani , Kothapalli Lata , Borhade Trupti , Chitlange Sohan , Sanap Avinash , Bhonde Ramesh
Published: February 2025

The human skin, being the largest organ, provides defense against bacteria, toxins, and ultraviolet radiation.
The skin may experience changes like dryness, photodamage, oxidative damage, and inflammation.
This review explores sources of fatty acids and how they can prevent skin damage, with the goal of determining
their potential for preventing skin aging. The role and significance of various mechanistic pathways and
molecular targets involved in skin aging are highlighted. By using current research findings, this review contributes
to a comprehensive understanding of how fatty acids may serve as a proactive approach to promoting
youthful skin and mitigating the signs of skin aging. In addition to treating specific skin conditions, nutraceuticals
offer immense potential to minimize, postpone, or prevent premature skin aging. The substances that are
most frequently employed include carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, plant polyphenols, bioactive peptides,
oligosaccharides, and vitamins. Numerous human trials have demonstrated the impact of supplementing
with these items on indicators of aging. The most pertinent clinical and non-clinical investigations are assessed
in this review. Based on the comprehensive understanding of the significant role of fatty acids in addressing
skin aging, this review may open doors and offer avenues for future explorations.
Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Vaginal Secretion Reveals Potential Pathogenesis of Atrophic Vaginitis
Authors: Zhang Chenyun , Ren Yali , Li Jiaxiong , Wang Guanghua , Ma Jiehua , Qiu Jin
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Atrophic vaginitis (AV) is a common and frequently occurring disease, lacking effective
curative measures. Exploring the mechanism of vaginal mucosal homeostasis from the perspective of
metabolites has great research prospects.

Methods:

We compared the metabolic profiles of vaginal secretions between AV patients and healthy individuals
via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We further explored effective
and sensitive metabolites and metabolic pathways for senile vaginitis through bioinformatics analysis and experimental
verification. Through untargeted metabolomics analysis, we screened 561 differential metabolites
in two groups of vaginal secretion samples. These differential metabolites were mainly concentrated in fatty
acids/carboxylic acids, glycerophospholipids, organic oxides, steroids, and their derivatives. They were mainly
enriched in purine metabolism, diabetic cardiomyopathy generation, and choline metabolism pathways.

Results:

The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed the metabolites (e.g., guggulsterone, umbelliprenin,
and inosinic acid) to have good discrimination ability for the AV group. In addition, we also explored
the potential mechanism of action of umbelliprenin at the cellular level.

Conclusion:

This study is expected to provide a new perspective for understanding the relationship between
metabolites and the pathogenesis of AV.
Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted 2-Amino (or 2-Alkoxy) Benzimidazoles
from Amine (or Alcohol)-Trichloroacetonitrile Adduct and 2-Iodoaniline with
Ultrasound Assistance
Authors: Nematpour Manijeh
Published: February 2025

Using ultrasound, the synthesis of substituted 2-amino (or 2-alkoxy) benzimidazoles through a multicomponent, one-pot reaction of 2-iodoaniline and amine (or alcohol)-trichloroacetonitrile (CCl3CN) adduct with
the help of a catalytic amount of copper(I) iodide in dimethylformamide at room temperature has been presented. Using basic materials, simple and available reagents, gentle copper-catalyzed reaction conditions, easy purification with the help of solvent, decent efficiency, applying a simple and efficient sonochemical method, reacting in the shortest time, and finally, the synthesis of 18 new heterocycle compounds are appreciable features of
this protocol.
Role of Cellular Mechanisms in Dengue Pathogenesis: Focus on Immune
Cells Interactions
Authors: Niranjan Rituraj , Ganesh Khashpatika
Published: February 2025

Dengue is an arbovirus mosquito-borne disease that occurs after an infection with
dengue virus. Dengue virus releases E-proteins, which act as binding proteins and enter the host
cell after infection. It triggers several cellular reactions and activates the immune system; however, the mechanisms are still poorly understood. Our goal is to find out how these cellular interactions participate in the activation of immune cells and participate in dengue pathogenesis.
Once dengue infects the host cell, it follows these steps: (1) dengue virus releases M- protein
into the skin of the host, and it infects the Langerhans cells of the skin, which is a dendritic cell
which acts as antigen representing cells. (2) After infection with dendritic cells, the virus enters
into the blood cells white blood cells (monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and macrophages), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets. After blood cell infection,
it targets monocytes or macrophage cells and starts replication. Once replication is done, it circulates in all parts of the organ as well as its cells like endothelium (Endotheliocytes), liver
(Hepatocytes, Kupffer), tissue macrophages, Bone marrow (Stromal cells) and enhances endothelial permeability possibly by overproducing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and other
cellular mediators. (3) Once all monocytes cell of blood gets infected, it activates NK cell, IFNγ and TNF-α response. For the execution of this mechanism, various pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like Receptor 3 (in endosome), play a role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. (4) MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5) MDA5
protein can function as a cytosolic sensor that recognizes viral double-strand RNA and then
triggers the transcription of genes encoding type I interferon (IFN) and RIG-I (retinoic acidinducible gene-I) is an intracellular molecule that responds to viral nucleic acids and activates
downstream signalling, resulting in the induction of members of the type I interferon (IFN)
family. Non-structural part of the virus secretes NS protein, which disrupts the endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) by enkindling the upregulation of 3 of the 4 endothelial sialidases (cytosolic (Neu 2), plasma membrane (Neu 3), and lysosomal (Neu 1). These sialidases translocate to
the plasma membrane and lead to the hydrolysis of the endothelial glycocalyx layer expressed
sialic acid residues, which disrupts the endothelial layer, and as an end result, it increases the
pathogenesis of dengue fever. Collectively, the various molecules of the dengue virus activate
different cellular components of immune cells, leading to immune dysfunctions and causing severe dengue pathogenesis.
Potential Alteration of Rifampicin’s Bioavailability by Phyllanthus niruri Supplementation in Tuberculosis Therapy
Authors: Ardana Mirhansyah , Laksitorini Marlyn Dian , Lukitaningsih Endang , Nugroho Agung Endro
Published: February 2025

Rifampicin is essential for treating TB. The high incidence of resistance to this drug requires efforts to increase the effectiveness of TB therapy. Immunomodulator supplementation is one effort to overcome this problem. Phyllanthus niruri has an immunomodulating effect, which has been proven to influence the clinical improvement of the immunological profile. However, the effect of this plant on rifampicin’s bioavailability should be reviewed to determine potential changes that may affect its antibacterial performance. Several stud-ies have shown an increase in the bioavailability of rifampicin when administered with extracts and active isolates of Carum carvi, Cuminum cyminum, Piper nigrum, and Moringa oleifera through inhibition of the P-gp efflux function in the absorption phase. On the other hand, the decrease occurred in coadministration with Garcinia cola, which activated PXR action and subsequently changed P-gp regulation. Administration of Al-lium sativum and Zingiber officinale extracts did not show significant alteration in bioavailability due to the stimulation of several mechanisms with opposite outputs by each secondary metabolite. In the case of P. niruri supplementation, the potential for a rise in bioavailability could occur due to synergistic effects inhibiting the performance of P-gp, AADAC, and OATP1B. However, the stimulation of PXR and PPARα may reduce or eliminate these effects. Finally, considering that there are so many specific secondary metabolites in P. niruri whose effects on the performance of these functional proteins have not been exposed, in vivo studies are needed to confirm the interactions within complex biological systems.
The Role of Renin-Angiotensin System in Diabetic Nephropathy: An Update
Authors: Sanglard André , Castello Branco Miranda Bárbara , França Vieira Ana Luiza , Miranda Macedo Marcus Vinicius , Lara Santos Rodrigo , Stenner Rodrigues Radicchi Campos Aléxia , Campos Piva Amanda , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims:

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important complication of diabetes,
leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. This review aimed to explore the role
of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in DN, highlighting current treatments and emerging therapeutic
perspectives.

Methods:

We conducted a narrative review of the literature up to March 2024, focusing on the classical
and alternative RAS axes, their implications in DN, and novel therapeutic approaches. Data
were sourced from Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, and Cochrane databases.

Results:

The classical RAS axis, involving angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), Angiotensin II
(Ang II), and the AT1 receptor, promotes vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and fibrosis in DN.
Hyperglycemia-induced Ang II increases oxidative stress, contributing to glomerular hyperfiltration
and kidney damage. Current treatments include ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers
(ARBs), which reduce blood pressure and proteinuria, delaying DN progression. In contrast, the
alternative RAS axis, featuring ACE2, Ang-(1-7), and the Mas receptor, offers renoprotective effects
by counteracting Ang II actions. Ang-(1-7) reduces inflammation, fibrosis, and podocyte apoptosis.
ACE2 activators, Ang-(1-7), and Mas receptor agonists show promise in preclinical studies,
reducing glomerular fibrosis and improving renal function. Ang-(1-9) and alamandine may also hold
potential in future treatments. Emerging therapies, such as the SGLT2 inhibitors, also demonstrate
benefits in reducing DN progression.

Conclusion:

While ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and SGLT2 inhibitors remain central to DN management,
the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis presents a promising therapeutic target. Future research should focus on
translating preclinical findings into clinical applications, potentially improving DN treatment.
Translational Informatics Driven Drug Repositioning for Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Zheng Xin , Chen Jing , Zhang Yuxin , Hu Shanshan , Bi Cheng , Singla Rajeev K. , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Horimoto Katsuhisa , Shen Bairong
Published: February 2025

Neurodegenerative diseases represent a prevalent category of age-associated diseases. As
human lifespans extend and societies become increasingly aged, neurodegenerative diseases pose a
growing threat to public health. The lack of effective therapeutic drugs for both common and rare
neurodegenerative diseases amplifies the medical challenges they present. Current treatments for these
diseases primarily offer symptomatic relief rather than a cure, underscoring the pressing need to
develop efficacious therapeutic interventions. Drug repositioning, an innovative and data-driven approach
to research and development, proposes the re-evaluation of existing drugs for potential application
in new therapeutic areas. Fueled by rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and the burgeoning
accumulation of medical data, drug repositioning has emerged as a promising pathway for
drug discovery. This review comprehensively examines drug repositioning for neurodegenerative
diseases through the lens of translational informatics, encompassing data sources, computational
models, and clinical applications. Initially, we systematized drug repositioning-related databases and
online platforms, focusing on data resource management and standardization. Subsequently, we classify
computational models for drug repositioning from the perspectives of drug-drug, drug-target,
and drug-disease interactions into categories such as machine learning, deep learning, and networkbased
approaches. Lastly, we highlight computational models presently utilized in neurodegenerative
disease research and identify databases that hold potential for future drug repositioning efforts. In the
artificial intelligence era, drug repositioning, as a data-driven strategy, offers a promising avenue for
developing treatments suited to the complex and multifaceted nature of neurodegenerative diseases.
These advancements could furnish patients with more rapid, cost-effective therapeutic options.
Impact of Polyphenol-Rich Chocolate on Microbial Diversity and Human Health: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Chatterjee Ayan , Chatterjee Parna , Irani Rukshana , Ghosh Sourav , Basu Biswajit , Prajapati Bhupendra
Published: February 2025

Background:

Compared to many other foods, cocoa and chocolate stand out for their
high concentrations of polyphenols, particularly catechins, anthocyanidins, and procyanidins. These
compounds possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilatory properties that can confer
multiple health benefits. This present study has been undertaken to assess the effects of polyphenol-
rich chocolate consumption on various aspects of human health, including mood, cognition,
cardiovascular health, insulin sensitivity, immune function, gut microbiota, and cancer risk.
The high polyphenolic content in dark chocolates improves endothelial function, inhibits platelet
aggregation, lowers blood pressure, enhances insulin sensitivity, etc. Cocoa polyphenols have
been found to augment cognitive performance due to their ability to modulate gut microbiota. Potential
antidepressant and anticarcinogenic activities were also reported.

Objective:

The present study aimed to identify the impact of polyphenol-rich chocolate on human
health.

Methods:

Electronic searches were carried out using the databases viz. Google, Google Scholar,
and PubMed for the study. The search was restricted for a period of 48 years, ranging from 1980 -
2022, to make it more systematic and concise. The obtained research and review articles were thoroughly
studied and analyzed to present a comprehensive review.

Findings:

The findings of the present study mainly focus on the impact of polyphenols on human
health, especially cognitive status. Evidence indicates that polyphenol-rich dark chocolate might
offer numerous advantages for cardiovascular and metabolic health, but its effects on cognition,
mental health, gut microbiota, and cancer risk need to be studied further. More research, including
animal experiments and human trials, is needed to understand the health impact and optimal
dosages of dark chocolate. Understanding chocolate’s therapeutic benefits can open new avenues
for human well-being.

Conclusion:

The complex relationship between chocolate and emotion via the gut-brain axis has
been discussed. From the momentary sensory pleasures to the intriguing interplay between cravings
and comfort-seeking behaviors, chocolate has a unique place in the realm of emotional indulgence.
A Graphlet-based Explanation Generator for Graph Neural Networks Over Biological Datasets
Authors: Cetin Selinay , Sefer Emre
Published: February 2025

Background:

Graph neural networks’ (GNNs) explainability, especially the explanation
of edges and interactions among vertices in GNNs, is demanding mainly owing to dynamics and
groupings between vertices. The existing graph explainability methods ignore the analysis of the following
tasks weights over subgraphs but instead analyze solely sample-level explainability. Such
sample-level explainability decreases their generalizability since it directly searches the explaining
behaviour in the input dataset.

Objective:

In this study, we come up with a novel Orbit-based GNN explainer (OExplainer), which
integrates both sample-level and method-level approaches over a predetermined set of subgraphs. As
part of such analysis of subgraphs, our goal is to interpret graphs more comprehensively and intelligibly
while providing each vertex’s explainability score for a particular graph instance.

Methods:

Our OExplainer decomposes the following graph neural network weights into explaining
subgraph bases while identifying and characterizing particular predictions. By such characterization,
we can carefully and accurately interpret the predetermined graph orbit’s role in vertex representation
determination. In this characterization, we can also clarify the method’s behaviour generally for
the whole input dataset. Moreover, we come up with novel vertex-specific scores in our subgraphbased
approach over nonisomorphic graphlets. Such vertex-specific score encourages sample-level
vertex improvement, and such improvement is related to the graph neural network’s vertex classification
task.

Results:

Our experiments over simulated datasets confirm the importance and criticality of method
weights in vertex classification explanation. In this case, method weight decomposition also has criticality.
Our detailed experiments over multiple real protein-protein interaction datasets and metabolic
interaction networks also exhibit enhanced performance in vertex classification.

Conclusion:

In both simulated and biological protein-protein interaction datasets, our approach outperforms
the competing explanation approaches
Sweroside Modulates Oxidative Stress and Neuroplasticity-Related Gene Expression in Scopolamine-Treated Zebrafish
Authors: Brinza Ion , Stache Bogdan Alexandru , Mihasan Marius , Gorgan Dragos Lucian , El Raey Mohamed A. , El-Kashak Walaa , Eldahshan Omayma A. , Hritcu Lucian
Published: February 2025

Background:

A major issue with neurodegenerative diseases is cholinergic depletion, the
development of oxidative stress, and the reduction in the ability to control the expression of genes
involved in the regulation of neurogenesis. The most widespread neurodegenerative disease is
Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current treatments are not able to improve the symptoms of the disease.
Thus, selecting or creating a safe and effective drug is very important.

Objective:

In this context, the potential of sweroside (Swe) to regulate acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and bdnf, npy, egr1, nfr2a, and creb1 gene expression in
the scopolamine (Sco)-induced zebrafish model of cognitive impairment was investigated.

Methods:

Swe was administered daily for 16 days chronically to zebrafish at concentrations of
1 μg/L, 3 μg/L, and 5 μg/L whereas Sco (100 μM) was given to zebrafish for 30 min.

Results:

Exposure to Swe decreased AChE activity and MDA level along with upregulating of gene
expression in the brain of the Sco-induced zebrafish model.

Conclusion:

Overall, our findings suggested that Swe has a positive role in the cholinergic system
activity and brain antioxidant status and showed for the first time that it can restore the downregulated
expression of bdnf, npy, egr1, nfr2a, and creb1 genes in the brain of the Sco-induced zebrafish
model.
A Comprehensive Review on the Botany, Ethnomedicinal Uses, and Pharmacological Effects of Aquilaria sp. Found in Malaysia
Authors: Ong Sheng Wei , Yong Kien Thai , Tan Phui Yee , Low Ying Chiang , Tang Pei Ling , John Oliver Dean , Goh Carolyn , Tan Sheri-Ann
Published: February 2025

The genus Aquilaria is widely distributed in the rainforest of Indomalesia region with the
existence of 20 different species. There are five species native to Malaysia: Aquilaria beccariana
Teigh., A. hirta Ridl., A. malaccensis Lam., A. microcarpa Baill, and A. rostrata Ridl. In recent
years, three non-native Aquilaria species have been introduced to Malaysia: A. crassna Pierre ex
Lecomte, A. subintegra Ding Hou, and A. sinensis (Lour) Sprengel. Aquilaria genus has often been
associated with the production of agarwood oil, a commodity of high economic value, as it is an
important ingredient in perfumes, incense, and traditional medicines. Nevertheless, besides agarwood
oil, the different parts of the tree itself, which include the bark and leaves, are used by traditional
healers to treat skin infection, diarrhoea, constipation, and even rheumatism. In view of that,
numerous research studies have begun exploring the potential uses of the by-products of agarwood
cultivation. This review focuses on the Aquilaria species found in Malaysia regarding their botany,
traditional uses, and also pharmacological effects. The phytochemical and pharmacological
evaluations of these plant species revealed a range of bioactive compounds that contributed to their
beneficial effects, such as antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties.
A Novel Optical Diagnostic Tool for Fuel Characterization in the Spark Ignition Chamber
Authors: Biswas Rajib
Published: February 2025

Background:

The Spark Ignition chamber plays a very vital part in internal combustion
engines.

Objective:

In line with this, this short communication dwells upon a novel probing technique that
employs high-speed cameras and a fiber endoscope-based particle velocimeter.

Methods:

The flame propagation and combustion characteristics vary greatly depending on the
fuel type and air mixture, which can be examined using a variety of probing techniques.

Results:

The proposed scheme can give valuable information on flame propagation features, fuel
concentration, and particle velocity, which, either way, is able to optimize the performance of
combustion engine

Conclusion:

The addition of machine learning will ease the process of data acquisition as well as
their effective management in enhancing the optimality of the internal combustion engine. It is
envisioned that the novel design would pave the way for more research in this direction.
Analysis of the Sentiment of Tweets Regarding COVID-19 Vaccines Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning Sectionification Algorithms
Authors: Ghumman Sukhman
Published: February 2025

The unique Coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (called COVID-19 by the globe
Health Organisation) has exposed several governments throughout the globe to risk.
The Covid-19 epidemic, which had previously only affected the Chinese population, is
now a major worry for countries all over the globe. Additionally to the obvious health
effects of COVID-19 epidemic, this study reveals its repercussions on the worldwide
economy. The research went on to talk about how they analysed public opinion and
learned new things about Covid-19 vaccinations by using content Analytics and
sentiment evaluation in Natural Language Processing (NLP) using content from
Twitter. To categorise and analyse the outcomes, researchers used two machine
learning algorithms: logistic regression (LR), random forest, decision tree, and
convolutional neural networks (CNNs). To better identify public opinion, several preprocessing methods were used and categorised responses into neutral, positive, and
negative categories. The public's opinion on Covid-19 vaccinations is 31% favourable,
22% negative, and 47% neutral, according to the results of the emotion section
distribution. CNN achieved 98% accuracy, according to the tested machine learning
algorithms.