bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Backtalk: Let’s bring the art of deeper conversation into schools
Authors: Rolland Rebecca
Published: May 2022

Discussions of school climate, like those in the February 2022 Kappan, rarely delve deeply into how everyday conversations between students and adults can promote such climates, says Rebecca Rolland. Tips for such conversations are helpful, but a more robust, research-based framework is needed. Rolland’s framework for rich talk suggests that conversations be adaptive, back-and-forth, and child-driven. Rick talk expands on children’s utterances, explores their thoughts and questions, and evaluates. Teachers can also benefit from conversations among themselves that use these strategies.
Levels of Aggression Escalation in Adult/Geriatric Occupational Therapy Workplaces
Authors: Potegal Michael , Htet Leah , Sartor Hannah
Published: May 2022

Workplace aggression can escalate from verbal to physical, adding risk of physical injury to negative psychological impact. Understanding escalation is necessary to develop effective violence intervention/prevention programs, but its occurrence is not well documented. An online survey determined if and how aggression escalates in occupational therapy (OT) workplaces. Because local culture can influence workplace events we compared surveys from northeastern states with the lowest rates of homicide to southeastern states with the highest. Ninety four OTs working in southeastern or northeastern states reported details of the most recent verbal and/or physical aggressive event initiated by clients (NIOSH Type 2) or staff (NIOSH Type 3) they witnessed or experienced in the workplace within the last year. Aggressor status, motivation, actions; therapist reactions, injuries and psychological sequelae were queried in logical order. Behavior inter-correlation followed by cluster analysis determined if levels of escalation could be detected. Analyses grouped events into five escalation levels in which progressively more hostile or damaging behaviors were added at each successive level. Higher levels involved known risk factors: Younger, reactively angry clients with prior aggression histories escalated attacks to involve restraint, calls for help and physical injury. Southeastern aggressor/target interactions appeared more combative, seemingly regardless of personal risk. Remarkably, northeastern OTs reported significantly more positive and fewer negative feelings across levels of escalation. OT workplace aggression occurs frequently, can escalate to injurious levels and requires prevention/intervention. How therapists maintain positive attitudes in the face of violence deserves further study.
Numerical analysis of heat transfer in ring spinning
Authors: Wu Xi , Hurren Christopher , Li Wenbin , Wang Xungai
Published: May 2022

Improving ring spinning efficiency and yarn quality is still challenging due to the sliding friction heat generated by the ring/traveler system, which limits the traveler speed and the yarn production rate. In this study, a finite element model based on the external heat source method was first used to explore the heat transfer process of the ring/traveler system. The reliability of the model was verified empirically. Subsequently, the validated model was used to analyze the effect of the model parameters on the temperature of the ring/traveler system. The results confirm that the high-temperature region of the ring and the traveler was concentrated on their contact area. More specifically the maximum temperature of the traveler was 159.2°C, which was almost three times the maximum temperature of the ring (62.6°C). In addition, smaller frictional coefficient and yarn tension, larger contact area and heat absorption rate, and better thermal conductivity can reduce the high local temperature of the ring/traveler system. Among them, yarn tension, friction coefficient, and heat absorption rate have a significant influence on the system temperature, especially for the small traveler. The developed model is also available for different fiber types and yarn counts which can be used for a comprehensive investigation of the heat transfer in ring spinning processes. The model and results of this study offer a theoretical basis for further optimizing the ring/traveler system and improving the productivity of ring spinning.
My Commander in Chief is Black! The Mental Health Significance of Barack Obama’s 2008 Presidential Election for Military Veterans
Authors: Gorman Quintin , Brown Tony N. , Culver Julian
Published: May 2022

This study investigated the mental health significance of Barack Obama’s 2008 presidential election for military veterans. Many believed his election signaled a progressive shift in race relations and crucial challenge to White supremacy. Furthermore, many argued his election generated hope, especially among Blacks. We therefore hypothesized Black and Hispanic veterans would experience improved mental health after installment of the nation’s first Black commander in chief. We also hypothesized White veterans would experience no change in their mental health. With nationally representative survey data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we tested these hypotheses by predicting poor mental health days self-identified Black, Hispanic, and White veterans experienced preelection and postelection in fall 2008. Net of established social determinants of health, we estimated Black and Hispanic veterans, respectively, experienced approximately 2.01 and 2.17 fewer poor mental health days postelection, whereas White veterans experienced no significant postelection change. Sensitivity analyses seemed to corroborate these findings.
Improving indoor air quality and occupant health through smart control of windows and portable air purifiers in residential buildings
Authors: Wang Yan , Cooper Elizabeth , Tahmasebi Farhang , Taylor Jonathon , Stamp Samuel , Symonds Phil , Burman Esfandiar , Mumovic Dejan
Published: May 2022

Indoor exposure to PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) has a substantial negative impact on people’s health. However, indoor PM2.5 can be controlled through effective ventilation and filtration. This study aimed to develop a smart control framework that (1) combines a portable home air purifier (HAP) and window control system to reduce indoor PM2.5 concentrations whilst maintaining thermal comfort; (2) evaluates the associated health impacts and additional energy use. The proposed framework was demonstrated through a simulation-based case study of a low-energy apartment. The simulation results showed that joint control of HAP and window openings has great potential to not only maintain thermal comfort but also achieve effective PM2.5 removal which, consequently, can lead to considerable health benefits at a low additional energy cost. Compared to similar previous studies, the strength of the proposed control framework lies in combining window operations and HAPs in the same system and including both thermal comfort and indoor PM2.5 as the control targets. This work also introduces a novel concept of linking a building control system with a health impact assessment, an important and innovative step in the creation of holistic and responsive building controls.

Practical application: This study proposes a novel control framework that jointly controls portable home air purifiers (HAPs) and windows to maintain thermal comfort and achieve effective PM2.5 removal. The simulation results suggest that such a hybrid control strategy can result in considerable health benefits at low additional energy costs.
Influencing factors and experimental study on electrothermal high temperature field of the outburst coal in China
Authors: Yang Jin , Xie Xionggang , Luo Jianing , Liu Zhifei , Ren Jianjun
Published: May 2022

In this study, we proposed a method to solve the problems of low permeability of the outburst coal seams and gas extraction in China. We used heating cables to heat outburst coal seams and increase the gas desorption capacity of coal seams to prevent outbursts. An experimental cement tank was constructed to investigate the influence of the heating temperature, cable layout and thermal insulation conditions in the cement tank on the electrothermal high-temperature field characteristics of the outburst coal sample. The following results were obtained: The effective heating radius of the heating cable was 800 mm ≤ R < 1,000 mm. As the heating time increased, the temperature of the coal sample in the cement tank first increased rapidly and then became stabilized. The same heating time, The coal sample temperature of the cement tank in the third experimental scheme is the highest When the heating temperature was 300°C, the maximum coal sample temperature was 107°C. The stable temperature of the coal sample in the cement tank was considerably higher under thermal insulation conditions than under no-thermal insulation conditions.
A case report of adolescent respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma
Authors: Lin Yu-Wen , Lai Kuan-Ju , Shen Kuang-Hsuan
Published: May 2022

Hamartomas are common in the lung, kidney, liver, spleen, and, but rare, in the sinonasal tract. Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas (REAHs) are benign lesions common in men aged 30 to 90 years. Approximately 70% of REAHs in the head and neck region originate from the posterior nasal septum. We present an unusual case of REAH originating from the maxillary sinus and extending to the nasopharynx of an adolescent boy.

A 17-year-old boy without any salient medical history presented to our department with nasal obstruction that had persisted for 7 years as well as greenish nasal discharge, hyposmia, and a complaint of fetid smell. Sinoscopy of the osteomeatal complex (OMC) revealed bilateral mucopus and a large right polypoid tumor extending into the nasopharynx. Computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses revealed soft-tissue opacification around the right OMC, frontal sinus, ethmoid sinus, maxillary sinus, and nasopharynx. We performed bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery. REAH and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps were diagnosed on the basis of a pathology report. No evidence of recurrence was observed by 6 months after surgery, and his hyposmia, nasal obstruction, and purulent nasal discharge were alleviated considerably. Accurate diagnosis based on pathology is essential for determining the optimal treatment, which for REAH is complete surgical excision.
Quality of Life and Disability in Patients with Dhat Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shahi Mohit Kumar , Tripathi Adarsh , Singh Astha , Kar Sujita Kumar , Nischal Anil , Singh Shweta , Dalal Pronob Kumar
Published: May 2022

Background:

Dhat syndrome (DS) is considered a culture-bound syndrome of South East Asia. It is often associated with multiple sexual and psychiatric comorbidities. We aimed to assess the quality of life (QoL) and disability in patients of DS with and without comorbidity.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 117 patients with DS and 117 matched controls. DS was diagnosed based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10 version, Diagnostic Criteria for Research diagnostic criteria. Comorbidities were assessed on MINI 6.0.0, and the patients were divided into two groups (with and without comorbidity). The QoL and disability were estimated and compared between patients with and without comorbidity and their respective control groups consisting of healthy volunteers, using standardized tools.

Result:

Most of the patients were unmarried males aged 18 to 25 years and from rural backgrounds. Most of the patients (72.64%) had comorbidities (psychiatric/sexual). The QoL of patients with DS was poor compared to healthy individuals. The QoL of patients with comorbidity was worse than that of those without them (P < o.ooo). The disability of patients with DS was more than that of healthy individuals (significant in all domains of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule [WHODAS]).

Conclusion:

Patients having DS had poor QoL and higher disability than healthy controls. Patients having psychiatric or sexual comorbidities had less QoL and higher disability compared to healthy controls and those without comorbidities.
IP-10 and complement activation as friend or foe in COVID-19
Authors: Bunprakob Saowalak , Hemachudha Pasin , Ruchisrisarod Chanida , Supharatpariyakorn Thirawat , Hemachudha Thiravat
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The Innate immune system senses danger signals of COVID-19 infection and produce an orchestration of cellular, complement and cytokines cascades. These led to the approach using immunosuppressive agents. It is intriguing whether certain biomarkers can aid the proper administration of such drugs.

Methods

Plasma specimens of 58 COVID-19 patients with differing severity, from very mild illness (group A), mild (group B), moderate (group C), and severe/critical illness (group D) were assayed for cyto-chemokines and terminal complement complex (SC5b-9) during the course of diseases. None received anti-IL-6 therapy, there was no mortality in this cohort.

Results

IP-10 and RANTES levels were dominant cytokines. IP-10 levels increased significantly in all groups when compared between pre-nadir and nadir phases (group A, p =0.428; group B =0.034; group C =0.159; group D <0.001) and in groups B and D when compared between nadir and recovery phases ( p <0.001). RANTES levels were elevated in all groups across all phases with no significant differences. SC5b-9 levels increased significantly as compared to healthy controls [pre-nadir- group A versus healthy, p =0.122; group B-D versus healthy, p =0.021); nadir-group A versus healthy, p =0.003; group B-D versus healthy, p <0.001; recovery phase ( p <0.001)] but not between groups A and B-D at pre-nadir ( p=0.606).

Conclusion

The absence of significant pro-inflammatory responses and early elevation of IP-10 levels and complement activation may be favorable and necessary for viral elimination in COVID-19 patients. Expression of distinct cyto-chemokines during each clinical phase may be useful for guiding proper therapeutic interventions on alleviating thrombo-inflammation responses to COVID-19 infection.
The Body in Crisis: A Health Needs Assessment among Female Survivors of Interpersonal Violence
Authors: Chhetri Shlesma , Gonzalez-Pons Kwynn , Andrews Alita , Carlson Erin , Grace Jessica , Thompson Erika L. , Spence Emily E.
Published: May 2022

Background

When women who experience violence seek social services, they are looking to meet immediate needs: shelter, safety, and support. Seeking assistance as part of a crisis may inadvertently detract attention away from other critical needs. Literature illustrates the emotional and physical effects of violence on women’s bodies, as well as their long-term health. While health may present as an urgent need in cases of serious injury, it is often overlooked in crisis-oriented service delivery systems. This study explored the experience with violence, health status, and holistic healthcare needs among women accessing interpersonal violence services in Texas.

Methods

A tablet-based survey was conducted at a family justice center, rape crisis center, and emergency shelter among women ( N = 99) in Fort Worth, Texas. Survey questions assessed the participants’ demographic information, health status, health needs, healthcare utilization, barriers to accessing healthcare, and experience with interpersonal violence among participating women.

Results

Two-thirds of the sample reported suffering injuries from victimization experiences. More than half of the sample (62%) reported they went to the emergency room at least one time in the last 6 months, with 11 women reported staying five or more nights in the hospital in the last 6 months. Participants described urgent (e.g., advised by healthcare provider, too serious for a clinic) and non-urgent (e.g., not having another source of care, closest provider) reasons for using the emergency room. Roughly, half of the sample (50%) reported having at least three chronic conditions.

Discussion

This study illustrated that women seeking interpersonal violence related (IPV) services have multiple unmet needs and lack adequate access to physical and mental health care. Since the majority of the sample was living in poverty, there are multiple costs and investments in the participants’ health that were forgone for their survival. This study provides data in support of the development of health-related services for IPV survivors.
An Investigation of Factors Influencing Environmental Volunteering Leadership and Participation Behaviors
Authors: Gulliver Robyn E. , Fielding Kelly S. , Louis Winnifred R.
Published: May 2022

Volunteers play critical roles in leading the activities of environmental organizations seeking to address the environmental crisis. Despite their importance, we know little about the factors that motivate individuals to engage in different environmental volunteer behaviors. Drawing on an extended Theory of Planned Behavior model, this study surveyed 259 experienced environmental volunteers who had participated in a range of environmental volunteer “leadership” and “participation” (i.e., nonleadership) behaviors to identify factors associated with these behaviors. Findings indicate that higher self-efficacy beliefs about specific leadership tasks, and higher past participation in participation behaviors, were significant predictors of engaging in more leadership behaviors. Higher self-efficacy and stronger identification as an environmental volunteer also predicted increased participation behaviors, as well as a younger age. Qualitative analysis of open-ended responses highlighted the importance of organizational factors such as training opportunities and receiving support and appreciation from the group in building leaders’ self-efficacy.
Path planning of a 5-dof robotic arm based on BiRRT-APF algorithm considering obstacle avoidance
Authors: Zhang Ning , Cui Chuangchuang , Wu Guanglei
Published: May 2022

In robotic applications, an efficient path planning in a prescribed environment is the central issue, which is a challenging task for multiple degree-of-freedom articulated robotic arms. In this light, the path planning for robotic manipulators based on the combined artificial potential field method and bidirectional rapidly exploring random tree (BiRRT-APF) algorithm is proposed in this paper, aiming to handle the problems of highly possible randomness and low search efficiency. In order to improve the attraction function to speed up the efficiency of searching path, the characteristics of the Bi-RRT algorithm (i.e., bi-directional growth of random trees), is integrated to reduce the search time. Subsequently, a path construction strategy is proposed to remove the redundant nodes of the path, for the increased smoothness of the path and reduced memory storages of the algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed path planning algorithm is illustrated with a 5-dof robotic arm, and is verified with MATLABTM and CoppeliaSimTM co-simulation, through a comparative study among different algorithms. The results show that the proposed BiRRT-APF algorithm can decrease the randomness of node growth and reduce the number of algorithm iterations, resulting in faster convergence of a smooth path for reduced computational burden.
Grapiprant or carprofen following ovariohysterectomy in the cat: analgesic efficacy, hematological, biochemical and urinalysis evaluation
Authors: Teixeira Luciana G , Vaccarin Charline V , Schimites Paula I , Gasparotto Jean C , Costa Gabriela P , Griesang Julia M , Vargas Daniel , Bortolotto Emanuelle D , Soares Ana BU , Camargo Jéssica F , Andrade Cínthia M , Soares André V , Contesini Emerson A
Published: May 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the analgesic effect between carprofen and grapiprant every 12 or 24 h on postoperative pain in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy, in addition to the effects on the hematological, biochemical and urinalysis variables.

Methods

A total of 32 female cats were randomly divided into three groups, according to the treatment administered with the first dose given orally 90 mins before surgery, as follows: CAR (cats received 4 mg/kg carprofen, n = 11); GRA1 (cats received 2 mg/kg grapiprant, n = 10); and GRA2 (cats received 2 mg/kg grapiprant q12h, n = 11). Pain was assessed by UNESP-Botucatu Multidimensional Composite Pain Scale (UNESP) and Glasgow Feline Composite Measure Pain Scale (GLASGOW) for cats preoperatively (baseline) and at 1, 3, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after extubation. Venous blood was collected at baseline, and 12 and 24 h after the administration of carprofen or grapiprant to perform a complete blood count (CBC), the percentage of Heinz bodies and serum biochemistry (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatinine and urea). Urinalysis was performed at baseline and 24 h after extubation. Glucose levels were evaluated at baseline and 1 h postoperatively.

Results

Pain scores were not significantly different among groups in both scales, although pain was higher at 3 h in comparison with 24 h in all groups. In the GRA1 and GRA2 groups, 67% (14/21) of cats needed rescue analgesia compared with 18% (2/11) in the CAR group. Glucose increased from baseline to 1 h in the GRA1 and GRA2 groups. None of the CBC, serum biochemistry and urinalysis variables differed among groups.

Conclusions and relevance

Grapiprant did not promote adequate analgesia during the first 3 h postoperatively in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy compared with carprofen, and no benefits were observed by administering grapiprant every 12 h.
Management of antithrombotic treatment and bleeding disorders in patients requiring venous access devices: A systematic review and a GAVeCeLT consensus statement
Authors: Annetta Maria Giuseppina , Bertoglio Sergio , Biffi Roberto , Brescia Fabrizio , Giarretta Igor , Greca Antonio La , Panocchia Nicola , Passaro Giovanna , Perna Francesco , Pinelli Fulvio , Pittiruti Mauro , Prisco Domenico , Sanna Tommaso , Scoppettuolo Giancarlo
Published: May 2022

Insertion of venous access devices (VAD) is usually considered a procedure with low risk of bleeding. Nonetheless, insertion of some devices is invasive enough to be associated with bleeding, especially in patients with previous coagulopathy or in treatment with antithrombotic drugs for cardiovascular disease. The current practices of platelet/plasma transfusion in coagulopathic patients and of temporary suspension of the antithrombotic treatment before VAD insertion are based on local policies and are often inadequately supported by evidence, since many of the clinical studies on this topic are not recent and are not of high quality. Furthermore, the protocols of antithrombotic treatment have changed during the last decade, after the introduction of new oral anticoagulant drugs. Though some guidelines address some of these issues in relation with specific procedures (port insertion, etc.), no evidence-based document covering all the aspects of this clinical problem is currently available. Thus, the Italian Group of Venous Access Devices (GAVeCeLT) has decided to develop a consensus on the management of antithrombotic treatment and bleeding disorders in patients requiring VADs. After a systematic review of the available evidence, the panel of the consensus (which included vascular access specialists, surgeons, intensivists, anesthetists, cardiologists, vascular medicine experts, nephrologists, infective disease specialists, and thrombotic disease specialists) has structured the final recommendations as detailed answers to three sets of questions: (1) which is an appropriate classification of VAD-related procedures based on the specific bleeding risk? (2) Which is the appropriate management of the patient with bleeding disorders candidate to VAD insertion/removal? (3) Which is the appropriate management of the patient on antithrombotic treatment candidate to VAD insertion/removal? Only statements reaching a complete agreement were included in the final recommendations, and all recommendations were offered in a clear and synthetic list, so to be easily translated into clinical practice.
Factors Associated With Community Based Health Insurance Healthcare Service Utilization of Households in South Gondar Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia. A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Moyehodie Yikeber Abebaw , Fenta Setegn Muche , Mulugeta Solomon Sisay , Agegn Setegn Bayabil , Yismaw Embet , Biresaw Hailegebrael Birhan , Muluneh Mitiku Wale , Masresha Bezanesh Melese , Dagnaw Fentaw Teshome
Published: May 2022

In Ethiopia, community-based health insurance was implemented to promote equitable access to sustainable quality health care and increase financial protection. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with community-based Health Insurance, Health Care Service Utilization of Households in the South Gondar Zone. A community-based cross-sectional study was employed. Data were collected among 619 randomly selected households in the south Gondar zone. Chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses with a P-Value of less than .05 were used to determine the association. Out of the total households, 511(82.6%) were using the CBHI scheme for health care service utilization. Residence, marital status, education level, occupation status, family size, presence of under-five children in the household, presence of elders in the households, nearest health institution, presence of chronic illness in the household’s, time taken to reach health institution, an attitude of a household were the determinant factors of community-based health insurance scheme health care service utilization of households. It is recommended that the local, regional and national governments, policymakers on optimal actions, NGOs, and other supporting organizations shall improve or scale-up the scheme by providing awareness to the community based on these significant factors and the attitude of households.
The relationship between processing speed and verbal and non-verbal new learning and memory in progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chiaravalloti Nancy D , DeLuca John , Salter Amber , Amato Maria Pia , Brichetto Giampaolo , Chataway Jeremy , Dalgas Ulrik , Farrell Rachel , Feys Peter , Filippi Massimo , Freeman Jennifer , Inglese Matilde , Meza Cecilia , Moore Nancy B , Motl Robert W , Rocca Maria Assunta , Sandroff Brian M , Cutter Gary , Feinstein Anthony
Published: May 2022

Objective:

Processing speed (PS) deficits are the most common cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS), followed by learning and memory deficits, and are often an early cognitive problem. It has been argued that impaired PS is a primary consequence of MS, which in turn decreases learning. The current analysis examined the association between PS and learning in a large cohort of individuals with progressive MS.

Methods:

Baseline data from a randomized clinical trial on rehabilitation taking place at 11 centers across North America and Europe were analyzed. Participants included 275 individuals with clinically definite progressive MS (primary, secondary) consented into the trial.

Results:

Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) significantly correlated with California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) ( r = 0.21, p = 0.0003) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised (BVMT-R) ( r = 0.516, p < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the SDMT z score to distinguish between impaired and non-impaired CVLT-II performance demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.61 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55–0.68) and a threshold of −1.62. ROC analysis between SDMT and BVMT-R resulted in an AUC of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.71–0.83) and threshold of −1.75 for the SDMT z score to predict impaired BVMT-R.

Conclusion:

Results indicate little ability beyond chance to predict CVLT-II from SDMT (61%), albeit statistically significant. In contrast, there was a 77% chance that the model could distinguish between impaired and non-impaired BVMT-R. Several potential explanations are discussed.
Pith and power: Colonial style in France and French West Africa
Authors: Rovine Victoria L.
Published: May 2022

Through close analysis of interwar French representations of the pith helmet, both visual and textual, I trace the array of significations to which this single form of material culture was harnessed as it moved between France and Afrique Occidentale Française. Though born of a vulnerability specific to white, European bodies, this headwear's distinctive, recognizable form became an emblem of imperial power for those same bodies. This imperial connotation propelled the helmet into dress practices on the other side of the colonial divide, where West African consumers brought further layers of semantic complexity to this headwear's colonial connotations. A select few West Africans wore pith helmets to signify their status as adjuncts to the French administration, thus extending that power. Others took up the pith helmet in defiance of French sartorial norms, bringing its associations with elite status into their own dress systems. Wherever it appeared, the pith helmet alluded to an elsewhere. In France, the helmet conjured the steamy climate of the colonies; in the colonies this headwear invoked the metropole and its administration of colonial subjects. My analysis demonstrates the complex roles of this key element of colonial material culture, which moved between colony to metropole, both projecting European power and revealing the precarity of that power.
Acute pediatric cannabis intoxication: A scoping review
Authors: A Gaudet Lindsay , Hogue Kaitlin , Scott Shannon D , Hartling Lisa , Elliott Sarah A
Published: May 2022

Little is understood about the unintended consequences of cannabis liberalization on children. Subsequently, this scoping review aimed to map and identify evidence related to acute cannabis intoxication in children. We searched three medical literature databases from inception until October 2019. We identified 4644 information sources and included 158 which were mapped by topic area relating to 1) public health implications and considerations; 2) clinical management; and 3) experiences and information needs of HCPs and families. Public health implications were addressed by 129 (82%) and often reported an increased incidence of acute pediatric cannabis intoxications. Clinical information was reported in 116 (73%) and included information on signs and symptoms ( n = 106, 92%), clinical management processes ( n = 60, 52%), and treatment recommendations ( n = 42, 36%). Few sources addressed the experiences or information needs of either HCPs ( n = 5, <1%) treating children for acute cannabis intoxication or families ( n = 1, <1%) seeking care. Increasing incidence of acute cannabis intoxications concurrent with liberalization of cannabis legislation is clear, however, evidence around clinical management is limited. Additionally, further research exploring HCPs and families experiences and information needs around cannabis intoxication is warranted.
Shear strength of lightweight and normal-weight concrete slender beams and slabs: An appraisal of design codes
Authors: Deifalla Ahmed Farouk , Mukhtar Faisal M
Published: May 2022

Lightweight concrete (LC) is a viable alternative for conventional normal weight concrete (NC). It has a reduced weight and similar properties. However, shear provisions design codes are way behind for the case of the LC compared to the NC. This study evaluates the shear design of NC and LC specimens. First, an extensive experimental database of these specimens under shear was compiled. Then, selected shear provisions of design codes were outlined and applied for strength calculations. The calculated strengths were evaluated considering the experimentally measured ones to assess these design codes' overall accuracy and consistency. In addition, the effect of selected parameters (depth, concrete strength, flexure reinforcement ratio, shear span to depth ratio, and nominal maximum aggregate size) on the safety of the design was assessed. The third draft of the Eurocode was the most accurate and consistent for the shear design of LC and NC specimens. Finally, the Eurocode shear provisions draft was adapted, refined, verified, and proposed for the shear design of LC beams and slabs.
Internet of things and machine learning applied to the thermal comfort of internal environments
Authors: Nascimento Matheus , Lopes Paulo
Published: May 2022

The internet of things connects objects to the internet, enabling the dialogue between devices and users, providing new opportunities for applications, such as thermal comfort. In the research, adequate sensors were used to measure the heat index, the thermal discomfort index and the temperature and humidity index based on the temperature and relative humidity of a remote indoor environment. This research evaluated the level of thermal comfort in real-time using tools of storage, processing and analysis of big data information from the collection of IoT devices. With the analysis of the environment, it is possible to intelligently monitor the level of comfort and alert possible hazards to the people present. Machine learning algorithms were also used to analyse the history of stored data and formulate models capable of making predictions of the parameters of the environment. Health researchers, for example, have the necessary knowledge to evaluate clinical data, but they are not used to using data analysis resources and machine learning algorithms. The platform was developed to reduce dependence on data experts and encourage healthcare researchers to develop their own models by automating the steps required for model development, using automated machine learning (AutoML).
The persistent countervailing consequences of urbanization: A longitudinal study of homicide rates
Authors: Clement Matthew Thomas , Pino Nathan W. , Blaustein Jarrett
Published: May 2022

Quantitative criminologists often use temporally lagged variables to estimate the structural forces contributing to variation in crime rates. We elucidate the relevance of temporal lags for cross-national research by looking specifically at the lagged longitudinal relationship between urbanization and homicide rates. Using cross-national time-series data for ( n  =  83) nations, we run a series of 10 separate panel models, in which we incrementally increase the time lag between the dependent variable homicide rate and two independent measures of urbanization, controlling for changes in GDP and age-structure as well as fixed effects for time and unit. Results from these panel models confirm that the two measures of urbanization are oppositely associated with homicide rates. Moreover, while the magnitudes of the associations for both predictors decline as lag time increases, they continue to be statistically significant. These results provide evidence that urbanization has countervailing and persistent consequences for homicide rates that ripple through time. These results also lead us to conclude that a more systematic approach to lag time in longitudinal research is needed.
From the Field to the Patient: A Rural Food Recovery–Based Produce Rx Program
Authors: Stroud Brandon J. , Sastre Lauren R.
Published: May 2022

Poor nutrition is a major risk factor for chronic diseases, and emerging produce prescription (PRx) programs are a growing approach to addressing gaps in diet quality to promote health. This article describes a food recovery–based PRx framework called Farm to Clinic (F2C). The F2C program includes a partnership between the North Carolina Association of Free and Charitable Clinics (NCAFCC), Society of Saint Andrews (SoSA), and a local food bank. Patients (n = 4,691) were rural, uninsured, and received care at one of three NCAFCC clinics in Eastern North Carolina. Student volunteers gathered gleaned and/or salvaged produce and delivered it to clinics and/or patients directly. Successes of the current model include complementing chronic disease management and health promotion in a cost-effective way that also assists with reducing food waste. In addition, the patients who participate in the program are connected with produce at their primary care clinic and do not have to drive to an additional community site for produce. Some challenges have included consistency with gleaning; therefore, the program has switched to primarily salvaged produce. Areas for expansion and improvement on the F2C model are also outlined and include incorporating a more prioritized eligibility criteria, provision of additional complimentary resources such as nutrition education and culinary support, as well as improved formal evaluation (e.g., use of food and clinical impact). Finally, the F2C model utilizes community partners that have been established nationwide which allows for replication of a framework in other geographic areas.
A paired comparison of nerve dimensions using B-Mode ultrasound and shear wave elastography during regional anaesthesia
Authors: Lockwood Heather , McLeod Graeme A
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Shear wave elastography (SWE) presents nerves in colour, but the dimensions of its colour maps have not been validated with paired B-Mode nerve images. Our primary objective was to define the bias and limits of agreement of SWE with B-Mode nerve diameter. Our secondary objectives were to compare nerve area and shape, and provide a clinical standard for future application of new colour imaging technologies such as artificial intelligence.

Materials and Methods:

Eleven combined ultrasound-guided regional nerve blocks were conducted using a dual-mode transducer. Two raters outlined nerve margins on 110 paired B-Mode and SWE images every second for 20 s before and during injection. Bias and limits of agreement were plotted on Bland-Altman plots. We hypothesized that the bias of nerve diameter would be <2.5% and that the percent limits of agreement would lie ±0.67% (2 SD) of the bias.

Results:

There was no difference in the bias (95% confidence interval (CI) limits of agreement) of nerve diameter measurement, 0.01 (−0.14 to 0.16) cm, P = 0.85, equivalent to a 1.4% (−56.6% to 59.5) % difference. The bias and limits of agreement were 0.03 (−0.08 to 0.15) cm2, P = 0.54 for cross-sectional nerve area; and 0.02 (−0.03 to 0.07), P = 0.45 for shape. Reliability (ICC) between raters was 0.96 (0.94–0.98) for B-Mode nerve area and 0.91 (0.83–0.95) for SWE nerve area.

Conclusions:

Nerve diameter measurement from B-Mode and SWE images fell within a priori measures of bias and limits of agreement.
Post-high school outcomes of students with autism spectrum disorder and students with intellectual disability: Utilizing predictive analytics and state data for decision making
Authors: Yamamoto Scott H , Alverson Charlotte Y
Published: May 2022

This study analyzed the post-high school outcomes of exited high-school students with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder from a southwestern U.S. state. A predictive analytics approach was used to analyze these students’ post-high school outcomes data, which every state is required to collect each year under U.S. special-education law. Data modeling was conducted with machine learning and logistic regression, which produced two main findings. One, the strongest significant predictors were (a) students spending at least 80% of their instructional days in general education settings and (b) graduating from high school. Two, machine learning models were consistently more accurate in predicting post-high school education or employment than were multilevel logistic regression models. This study concluded with the limitations of the data and predictive-analytic models, and the implications for researchers and state and local education professionals to utilize predictive analytics and state-level post-high school outcomes data for decision making.
Leg fidgeting enhances blood lactate clearance following maximal anaerobic exercise
Authors: MartinezAguirre-Betolaza A. , Jacka K. , Sargent D. , Paterson C. , Stone K.J. , Stoner L. , Broomfield-Gull A. , Fryer S.
Published: May 2022

Low intensity active recovery such as walking appears to be optimal for the clearance of blood lactate (BLa) concentration following high intensity exercise. However, within a sporting context, competition rules or procedural impracticalities often mean walking is not possible. Leg fidgeting during sitting has been shown to increase leg blood flow, which may impact BLa clearance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether leg fidgeting stimulates BLa clearance following high intensity exercise. Using a randomized crossover design, fifteen (7 female) university athletes performed a 30 s Wingate test followed by 15 min of either passive seated rest, or seated leg fidgeting. BLa, heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed pre, immediately post and post 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 min. There was a significant ( p < 0.05) condition × time interaction for BLa. Post hoc analysis found that leg fidgeting caused a significantly greater reduction in BLa compared to sitting at post 6 (fidget 9.9  ±  2.6 vs. sitting 9.9  ±  2.2 mmol·L−1), 9 (9.3  ±  2.3 vs. 9.9  ±  2.1 mmol·L−1), 12 (8.8  ±  2.3 vs. 9.5  ±  2.2 mmol·L−1) and 15 (7.6  ±  2.1 vs. 8.6  ±  2.2 mmol·L−1) min respectively. Overall, leg fidgeting improved BLa clearance by 10% more than passive recovery. No significant interactions were found for HR or RPE. Following high intensity exercise, leg fidgeting may be considered a useful alternative to whole body active recovery when walking is not permitted.
Comparison of the game structure and point ending during Grand Slam women's doubles tennis
Authors: Borderias Marcos , Crespo Miguel , Martí­nez-Gallego Rafael , Baiget Ernest
Published: May 2022

Despite the importance of doubles tennis, there is little research on this modality of the game, especially as per women play. The aim of this study was to analyse the structural variables and the way points ended in women's doubles, as well as to observe the differences between surfaces and between winning and losing teams. Twenty-one WTA doubles matches from three Grand Slams played on three different surfaces were analysed. Players played 2.0 ± 0.3 sets, 19.9 ± 3.2 games, 130.4 ± 25.3 points, 0.2 ± 0.6 tie breaks per match (PM), 9.5 ± 1.0 games and 62.6 ± 7.9 points per set, and 6.6 ± 0.6 points per game (PG). 33.5% of the points ended with a winner (Wn), 43.6% with a forced error (FE) and 22.8% with an unforced error (UE), with the Wn shot being the variable that most discriminated between winner and loser teams. It was also shown that the way more points were finished was with FE, followed by Wn and UE. There were no significant differences between surfaces in structural variables or point ending. These results showed that in women's doubles playing Wn shots and avoiding UE is crucial to successful performance, so that aggressive play and taking the initiative in the game has a positive influence in the result.
Spray response on a model prefilmer under unsteady airflows of various frequencies
Authors: Christou Thomas , Stelzner Björn , Zarzalis Nikolaos
Published: May 2022

An appealing concept for jet engine combustors is the Lean Premixed Prevaporized (LPP) combustor, which operates at high pressures. The low NOx emissions achieved by lean combustion are one of the targets for modern aircraft engines. However, these types of combustors can introduce thermoacoustic instabilities that can potentially damage the engine and reduce its lifespan. Since the potential instabilities on the fuel spray characteristics, i.e. the spray mass flux, can affect the flame stability, the need arises to investigate the spray response under an unsteady airflow.

For this study, a model prefilmer was experimentally investigated to produce a two-dimensional droplet flow without swirl flow. An acoustic forcing in the range of 100–500 Hz was introduced into the airflow, characterized by a hot wire Constant Temperature Anemometry (CTA) setup. Droplet characteristics, namely the droplet diameter distribution and velocity, were determined using a Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) setup, while the acquired data were phase-averaged in one period of the airflow oscillation. The influence of the excitation frequency and the air-to-liquid ratio (ALR) on the spray was studied: the spray responded to the acoustic excitation and therefore critical performance parameters, such as the spray mass flux, oscillated indicating potential problems regarding the flame stability.
Revisiting the home learning environment: Introducing the home learning ecosystem
Authors: Gregoriadis Athanasios , Evangelou Maria
Published: May 2022

This commentary paper offers a broader definition of the construct of the home learning environment and an updated conceptual framework. Recent empirical research has burgeoned on the home learning environment and is mainly examining how processes mediate the way parenting practices influence a child’s development and learning. By introducing the Home Learning Ecosystem, the paper presents a holistic view of the different home learning environment components and focuses on the interaction among those. It also expands and updates the way learning activities are perceived and acknowledges the quality of the home learning interactions – by distinguishing them from the general parenting styles – and the quality of the proximal caregiving environment as the heart of the home learning environment.
Can a Basic Management App Paired With A Glucose Meter Help Reduce Glucose Levels Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes? The REALL Study
Authors: Fisher Lawrence , Fortmann Addie , Knaebel Jennifer , Stuhr Andreas
Published: May 2022

Objective:

Evaluations of technology to help adults manage type 2 diabetes (T2D) have yielded mixed results. We analyzed the effectiveness of a free app linked to a glucose meter to study reductions in glucose levels over time among a self-selected sample of adults with T2D.

Research Design and Methods:

Adults with T2D >12 months, >21 years, ability to read English (insulin using—IU and non-insulin using—NIU) who independently elected to pair their CONTOUR NEXT ONE meter with the CONTOUR DIABETES App were invited to participate. Glucose data from baseline to 16 weeks were uploaded to the cloud (N = 461). Assessment of diabetes distress, medication taking, quality of life, and hypoglycemia concerns occurred at baseline, six, and 16 weeks.

Results:

Findings indicated a significant decrease in weekly glucose levels over time: baseline mean = 169 (62.0) (9.4 mmol/L; 3.44); 16-week mean = 146.5 (36.0) (8.1 mmol/L; 2.0) ( P < .001), with no IU and NIU differences. Largest reductions occurred during the first six weeks, with no later rebound effects. Significant, though modest, improvements in global quality of life ( P = .03), hypoglycemia concerns ( P = .01), and diabetes distress ( P < .001) occurred over 16 weeks.

Conclusions:

Making an App for monitoring glucose easily available for download with a glucose meter can be helpful for self-selected adults with T2D. Effective utilization assumes that users are sufficiently motivated and engaged, are comfortable and trusting of the technology, and have sufficient knowledge of how to make use of the glucose data.