bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Adsorption Mechanisms of the Antimicrobial Peptide CIDEM-501 on Membrane Models
Authors: Alpízar-Pedraza Daniel , Roque-Diaz Yessica , Garay-Pérez Hilda , Rosenau Frank , Ständker Ludger , Montero-Alejo Vivian
Published: February 2024

CIDEM-501 is a hybrid antimicrobial peptide rationally designed based on the structure of panusin and panulirin template peptides. The new peptide exhibits significant antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens (MIC = 2–4 μM) while conserving no toxicity in human cell lines. We conducted molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the CHARMM-36 force field to explore the CIDEM-501 adsorption mechanism with different membrane compositions. Several parameters that characterize these interactions were analyzed to elucidate individual residues’ structural and thermodynamic contributions. The membrane models were constructed using CHARMM-GUI, mimicking the bacterial and eukaryotic phospholipid compositions. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted over 500 ns, showing rapid and highly stable peptide adsorption to bacterial lipids components rather than the zwitterionic eucaryotic model membrane. A predominant peptide orientation was observed in all models dominated by an electric dipole. The peptide remained parallel to the membrane surface with the center loop oriented to the lipids. Our findings shed light on the antibacterial activity of CIDEM-501 on bacterial membranes and yield insights valuable for designing potent antimicrobial peptides targeting multi- and extreme drug-resistant bacteria.
Lanthanide-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles: Unraveling Their Role in Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Nanotoxicology
Authors: Mejía-Méndez Jorge L. , Navarro-López Diego E. , Sanchez-Martinez Araceli , Ceballos-Sanchez Oscar , Garcia-Amezquita Luis Eduardo , Tiwari Naveen , Juarez-Moreno Karla , Sanchez-Ante Gildardo , López-Mena Edgar R.
Published: February 2024

This study used a sonochemical synthesis method to prepare (La, Sm)-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). The effect of incorporating these lanthanide elements on the structural, optical, and morphological properties of ZnO-NPs was analyzed. The cytotoxicity and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity of ZnO-NPs were evaluated against breast (MCF7) and colon (HT29) cancer cell lines. Their antioxidant activity was analyzed using a DPPH assay, and their toxicity towards Artemia salina nauplii was also evaluated. The results revealed that treatment with NPs resulted in the death of 10.559–42.546% and 18.230–38.643% of MCF7 and HT29 cells, respectively. This effect was attributed to the ability of NPs to downregulate ROS formation within the two cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. In the DPPH assay, treatment with (La, Sm)-doped ZnO-NPs inhibited the generation of free radicals at IC50 values ranging from 3.898 to 126.948 μg/mL. Against A. salina nauplii, the synthesized NPs did not cause death nor induce morphological changes at the tested concentrations. A series of machine learning (ML) models were used to predict the biological performance of (La, Sm)-doped ZnO-NPs. Among the designed ML models, the gradient boosting model resulted in the greatest mean absolute error (MAE) (MAE 9.027, R2 = 0.86). The data generated in this work provide innovative insights into the influence of La and Sm on the structural arrangement and chemical features of ZnO-NPs, together with their cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and in vivo toxicity.
Regulation of P-Glycoprotein during Oxidative Stress
Authors: Shchulkin Aleksey V. , Abalenikhina Yulia V. , Kosmachevskaya Olga V. , Topunov Alexey F. , Yakusheva Elena N.
Published: February 2024

P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1, MDR1) is an efflux transporter protein that removes molecules from the cells (outflow) into the extracellular space. Pgp plays an important role in pharmacokinetics, ensuring the absorption, distribution, and excretion of drugs and its substrates, as well as in the transport of endogenous molecules (steroid and thyroid hormones). It also contributes to tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of Pgp regulation during oxidative stress. The currently available data suggest that Pgp has a complex variety of regulatory mechanisms under oxidative stress, involving many transcription factors, the main ones being Nrf2 and Nf-kB. These factors often overlap, and some can be activated under certain conditions, such as the deposition of oxidation products, depending on the severity of oxidative stress. In most cases, the expression of Pgp increases due to increased transcription and translation, but under severe oxidative stress, it can also decrease due to the oxidation of amino acids in its molecule. At the same time, Pgp acts as a protector against oxidative stress, eliminating the causative factors and removing its by-products, as well as participating in signaling pathways.
The Impact of Structural Pattern Types on the Electrochemical Performance of Ultra-Thick NMC 622 Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Penghui , Ebert Benjamin , Smyrek Peter , Pfleging Wilhelm
Published: February 2024

An increase in the energy density on the cell level while maintaining a high power density can be realized by combining thick-film electrodes and the 3D battery concept. The effect of laser structuring using different pattern types on the electrochemical performance was studied. For this purpose, LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC 622) thick-film cathodes were prepared with a PVDF binder and were afterward structured using ultrafast laser ablation. Eight different pattern types were realized, which are lines, grids, holes, hexagonal structures, and their respective combinations. In addition, the mass loss caused by laser ablation was kept the same regardless of the pattern type. The laser-structured electrodes were assembled in coin cells and subsequently electrochemically characterized. It was found that when discharging the cells for durations of less than 2 h, a significant, positive impact of laser patterning on the electrochemical cell performance was observed. For example, when discharging was performed for one hour, cells containing laser-patterned electrodes with different structure types exhibited a specific capacity increase of up to 70 mAh/g in contrast to the reference ones. Although cells with a hole-patterned electrode exhibited a minimum capacity increase in the rate capability analysis, the combination of holes with lines, grids, or hexagons led to further capacity increases. In addition, long-term cycle analyses demonstrated the benefits of laser patterning on the cell lifetime, while cyclic voltammetry highlighted an increase in the Li-ion diffusion kinetics in cells containing hexagonal-patterned electrodes.
Optimization of the Ex Situ Biomethanation of Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide in a Novel Meandering Plug Flow Reactor: Start-Up Phase and Flexible Operation
Authors: Hoffstadt Kevin , Nikolausz Marcell , Krafft Simone , Bonatelli Maria Letícia , Kumar Vivekanantha , Harms Hauke , Kuperjans Isabel
Published: February 2024

With the increasing use of renewable energy resources for the power grid, the need for long-term storage technologies, such as power-to-gas systems, is growing. Biomethanation provides the opportunity to store energy in the form of the natural gas-equivalent biomethane. This study investigates a novel plug flow reactor that employs a helical static mixer for the biological methanation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. In tests, the reactor achieved an average methane production rate of 2.5 LCH4LR∗d (methane production [LCH4] per liter of reactor volume [LR] per day [d]) with a maximum methane content of 94%. It demonstrated good flexibilization properties, as repeated 12 h downtimes did not negatively impact the process. The genera Methanothermobacter and Methanobacterium were predominant during the initial phase, along with volatile organic acid-producing, hydrogenotrophic, and proteolytic bacteria. The average ratio of volatile organic acid to total inorganic carbon increased to 0.52 ± 0.04, while the pH remained stable at an average of pH 8.1 ± 0.25 from day 32 to 98, spanning stable and flexible operation modes. This study contributes to the development of efficient flexible biological methanation systems for sustainable energy storage and management.
Modelling the Distribution of Cognitive Outcomes for Early-Stage Neurocognitive Disorders: A Model Comparison Approach
Authors: Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Soo See Ann , Mohammadi Raziyeh , Ng Kok Pin , Greene William , Kandiah Negaenderan
Published: February 2024

Background: Cognitive assessments for patients with neurocognitive disorders are mostly measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Visual Cognitive Assessment Test (VCAT) as screening tools. These cognitive scores are usually left-skewed and the results of the association analysis might not be robust. This study aims to study the distribution of the cognitive outcomes and to discuss potential solutions. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study of individuals with subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment, the inverse-transformed cognitive outcomes are modelled using different statistical distributions. The robustness of the proposed models are checked under different scenarios: with intercept-only, models with covariates, and with and without bootstrapping. Results: The main results were based on the VCAT score and validated via the MoCA score. The findings suggested that the inverse transformation method improved the modelling the cognitive scores compared to the conventional methods using the original cognitive scores. The association of the baseline characteristics (age, gender, and years of education) and the cognitive outcomes were reported as estimates and 95% confidence intervals. Bootstrap methods improved the estimate precision and the bootstrapped standard errors of the estimates were more robust. Cognitive outcomes were widely analysed using linear regression models with the default normal distribution as a conventional method. We compared the results of our suggested models with the normal distribution under various scenarios. Goodness-of-fit measurements were compared between the proposed models and conventional methods. Conclusions: The findings support the use of the inverse transformation method to model the cognitive outcomes instead of the original cognitive scores for early-stage neurocognitive disorders where the cognitive outcomes are left-skewed.
Integrating Egocentric and Robotic Vision for Object Identification Using Siamese Networks and Superquadric Estimations in Partial Occlusion Scenarios
Authors: Menendez Elisabeth , Martínez Santiago , Díaz-de-María Fernando , Balaguer Carlos
Published: February 2024

This paper introduces a novel method that enables robots to identify objects based on user gaze, tracked via eye-tracking glasses. This is achieved without prior knowledge of the objects’ categories or their locations and without external markers. The method integrates a two-part system: a category-agnostic object shape and pose estimator using superquadrics and Siamese networks. The superquadrics-based component estimates the shapes and poses of all objects, while the Siamese network matches the object targeted by the user’s gaze with the robot’s viewpoint. Both components are effectively designed to function in scenarios with partial occlusions. A key feature of the system is the user’s ability to move freely around the scenario, allowing dynamic object selection via gaze from any position. The system is capable of handling significant viewpoint differences between the user and the robot and adapts easily to new objects. In tests under partial occlusion conditions, the Siamese networks demonstrated an 85.2% accuracy in aligning the user-selected object with the robot’s viewpoint. This gaze-based Human–Robot Interaction approach demonstrates its practicality and adaptability in real-world scenarios.
Semantic Clustering during Verbal Episodic Memory Encoding and Retrieval in Older Adults: One Cognitive Mechanism of Superaging
Authors: Shaffer Clare , Andreano Joseph M. , Touroutoglou Alexandra , Barrett Lisa Feldman , Dickerson Bradford C. , Wong Bonnie
Published: February 2024

Normal aging is commonly accompanied by a decline in cognitive abilities, including memory, yet some individuals maintain these abilities as they get older. We hypothesize that semantic clustering, as an effective strategy for improving performance on episodic recall tasks, may contribute to the maintenance of youthful memory in older adults. We investigated the dynamics of spontaneous production and utilization of the semantic clustering strategy in two independent samples of older adults who completed a list learning paradigm (N1 = 40 and N2 = 29, respectively). Specifically, we predicted and observed that older adults who spontaneously used a semantic clustering strategy throughout the encoding process learned more words by the culmination of the encoding trials (Sample 1, R2= 0.53, p < 0.001; Sample 2, R2= 0.51, p < 0.001), and that those who utilized this strategy during retrieval recalled more words, when compared to older adults who did not produce or utilize a semantic clustering strategy during both a short (Sample 1, R2 = 0.81, p < 0.001; Sample 2, R2 = 0.70, p < 0.001) and long delay retrieval (Sample 1, R2 = 0.83, p < 0.001; Sample 2, R2 = 0.77, p < 0.001). We further predicted and observed that older adults who maintained a youthful level of delayed free recall (i.e., “Superagers”) produced (Sample 1, F(1, 38) = 17.81, p < 0.0001; Sample 2, F(1, 27) = 14.45, p < 0.0001) and utilized (Sample 1, F(1, 39) = 25.84, p < 0.0001; Sample 2, F(1, 27) = 12.97, p < 0.01) more semantic clustering than did older individuals with normal memory for their age. These results suggest one cognitive mechanism through which Superagers maintain youthful memory function and raise the possibility that older adults may be able to train themselves to use strategies to promote better memory.
Research on the Influence Mechanism of Moisture Content on Macroscopic Mechanical Response and Microscopic Evolution Characteristic of Limestone
Authors: Zhang Zhibo , Sun Jiang , Ma Yankun , Wang Qi , Li Haotian , Wang Enyuan
Published: February 2024

The uniaxial compression experiments and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring are conducted to investigate the macroscopic mechanical behavior and microscopic fracture characteristics of limestone samples with varying moisture contents. The findings revealed that as the moisture content increases from 0 to 6.6%, there is a decrease in peak stress and an increase in peak strain. A clear trend towards greater complexity in fracture characteristics is observed with increasing moisture content. In addition, AE activities demonstrate a heightened frequency, accompanied by an elevation in the corresponding multifractal parameter Δα as the moisture content rises. These variations are attributed to the increase in moisture content, which promotes the proliferation of small-scale microcracks and inhibits their evolution into large-scale microcracks. Consequently, the damage and failure process of the limestone samples transitions from being predominantly controlled by a few large-scale microcracks to being collectively influenced by a multitude of small-scale microcracks as the moisture content increases. In conjunction with the Criterion of Microcrack Density, the correctness of the analysis above is substantiated through mathematical derivation. Further, a quantitative model that links the microcrack system to moisture content is established based on the multifractal parameter Δα. Following this, a characterization model that depicts the macroscopic mechanical properties of limestone affected by moisture content is developed. This model effectively encapsulates the quantitative relationship between moisture content and the macroscopic characteristics of limestone and is validated through fitting experimental data. This research contributes to understanding the macroscopic mechanical response and microscopic fracture characteristics of limestone samples with different moisture contents, providing valuable insights and guidance for ensuring safety during engineering construction processes.
Perspectives and Concerns on Late Effects Regarding Sexuality among Adolescents and Young Adults Treated for Testicular Germ Cell Tumor: The PRICELESS-Study—A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kuiper Stefan T. , Zweers Daniëlle , Suelmann Britt B. M. , Meijer Richard P. , Vervoort Sigrid C. J. M.
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to explore perspectives and concerns regarding sexuality among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) possibly experiencing late effects after testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) treatment. A qualitative study was performed in which semi-structured interviews were held with thirteen AYAs from a center of expertise for TGCT in the Netherlands. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clark’s thematic analysis method. Seven interacting and interconnected themes were found: desire to have children, rediscovering sexuality, insecurity about sexual performance, acceptance of physical change, loss of masculinity, burden on relationship, and openness in discussing sexuality. Concerns about the desire to have children seem to play a significant role. In conclusion, TGCT patients face multiple changes (physical, emotional, relational, and sexual), followed by a difficult period of acceptance, after which a new phase of rediscovering sexuality appeared. These findings can help to make healthcare professionals aware of the underlying mechanisms and concerns about sexuality. Furthermore, insights can help to develop sexuality-themed items for a broader monitoring tool to structurally assess the late effects to support discussing sexuality.
Investigating the Metallic Nanoparticles Decoration on Reduced Graphene Oxide-Based Sensors Used to Detect Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Ruiz Elisa , Varenne Christelle , De Lima Bruno S. , Gueye Thiaka , Pauly Alain , Brunet Jérôme , Mastelaro Valmor R. , Ndiaye Amadou L.
Published: February 2024

This paper presents the impact of the decoration of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with metallic nanoparticles to detect sulfur dioxide (SO2). Copper and platinum were employed to produce metal nanoparticles (NPs) for the chemical and physical decoration of rGO to form the nanocomposites (rGO/NPs). We optimized NP loading by varying the concentrations of metal ions and deposition times for chemical and physical decoration, respectively. The chemical decoration presents a random nanoparticle distribution on the rGO surface with a broad particle size distribution (1 to 100 nm with a majority less than 40 nm). In comparison, the physical decoration presents uniformly distributed nanoparticles with particles of a size between 1 and 20 nm, with a majority less than 10 nm. The chemically decorated structures present the best gas responses and show that lower NP loading provides better responses. The nanocomposites present responses owing to a better synergy between NPs and the rGO surface, combined with the catalytic action of the NPs on the rGO. The physical decoration allows higher NP surface coverage than the chemical one but implies a lower remaining rGO naked surface for gaseous molecule interaction. These results illustrate that the NPs’ surface and the uncovered rGO contribute to the gas response.
Quantifying the Climate Co-Benefits of Hybrid Renewable Power Generation in Indonesia: A Multi-Regional and Technological Assessment
Authors: Suliman Mohamed Saad , Farzaneh Hooman , Zusman Eric , Mulumba Alphonce Ngila , Lestari Puji , Permadi Didin Agustian , Janardhanan Nandakumar
Published: February 2024

Quantifying the co-benefits of renewable energy investments can aid policymakers in identifying technologies capable of generating significant social, economic, and environmental benefits to effectively offset mitigation costs. Although there has been a growing body of work evaluating co-benefits, few studies have compared the potential co-benefits of several technologies across different regions in key countries. This study fills this gap by formulating a new modeling structure to assess the environmental–health–economic co-benefits of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) in different parts of Indonesia. The proposed model is unique in that it incorporates various techno-economic activities to assess air quality, health, and economic benefits and then presents results as part of a cost–benefit analysis. From the intervention scenario, the modeling results show that installing 0.5 GW grid-connected solar PV, 100 MW of wind turbines, and a 100 MW biomass generator to cover a total of 1.64 million residential load units in the Bali province can avoid GHGs, PM2.5, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and provide health savings of 1.73 Mt/y, 289.02 t/y, 1648, and 6.16 million USD/y, respectively. In addition, it shows that the payback period is enhanced by one year, while the net present value is increased by 28%. In Jakarta, a 3 GW solar PV plant and a 100 MW biomass generator that supply 5.8 million residential load units can deliver 32,490 averted DALYs and 652.81 million USD/y of health care savings. Nationally, the contribution of renewable energy to the electricity supply mix could grow from the 2020 baseline of 18.85% to 26.93%, reducing dependence on oil and coal contribution by 5.32%.
Effect of Additive and Current Density on Microstructures and Corrosion Behavior of a Multi-Component NiFeCoCu Alloy Prepared by Electrodeposition
Authors: Wang Ying , Ma Bingyang , Li Wei , Liaw Peter , Yang Songpu , Zhong Ning
Published: February 2024

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been attracting growing interest for decades due to their unique properties. Electrodeposition provides a low-cost and convenient route for producing classified types of HEAs, compared to other synthesis techniques, making it an attention-grabbing method. However, fabricating high-quality HEAs through electrodeposition in aqueous electrolytes remains a great challenge. In this study, the effects of additives and current densities on the compositions, surface morphologies, microstructures, and corrosion behavior of the electrodeposited NiFeCoCu alloy are studied. The results indicate that saccharin plays a key role in achieving a flat and bright surface for NiFeCoCu coatings, while also relieving the internal stress and improving anti-corrosion properties. Electrodeposition under a current density of 20–40 mA/cm2 results in a uniform and dense deposit with favorable properties. The present work provides a low-cost and feasible industrial solution for the preparation of HEA coatings, which holds great potential for innovation in the field of HEA coatings through electrodeposition.
Relativistic Heat Conduction in the Large-Flux Regime
Authors: Gavassino Lorenzo
Published: February 2024

We propose a general procedure for evaluating, directly from microphysics, the constitutive relations of heat-conducting fluids in regimes of large fluxes of heat. Our choice of hydrodynamic formalism is Carter’s two-fluid theory, which happens to coincide with Öttinger’s GENERIC theory for relativistic heat conduction. This is a natural framework, as it should correctly describe the relativistic “inertia of heat” as well as the subtle interplay between reversible and irreversible couplings. We provide two concrete applications of our procedure, where the constitutive relations are evaluated, respectively, from maximum entropy hydrodynamics and Chapman–Enskog theory.
The Ethanol Production from Sugar Beet Pulp Supported by Microbial Hydrolysis with Trichoderma viride
Authors: Patelski Andrea Maria , Dziekońska-Kubczak Urszula , Balcerek Maria , Pielech-Przybylska Katarzyna , Dziugan Piotr , Berłowska Joanna
Published: February 2024

Despite the significant progress in the research, the problem of finding an efficient method for producing bioethanol from renewable lignocellulosic waste materials remains unresolved. Our investigation aimed to assess the efficacy of ethanol production from sugar beet pulp (SBP) utilising various approaches, including pretreatment variations, enzymatic processes, and microbial hydrolysis. Our research involved using the post-cultivation concentrate of T. viride LOCK 0588 grown in the SBP-based medium as a source of enzymes. The SBP hydrolysis process was carried out for 48 h at 50 °C. The quantity of sugar released, up to 61 g dm−3, through the utilisation of this extract proved to be on par with the outcomes achieved by the application of the commercial Cellic Ctec2 preparation. The final yields of the ethanol production with the use of the coculture of S. cerevisiae (Ethanol Red) and Scheffersomyces stipitis LOCK 0047 strain were in the range 5.1 ± 0.11 kg 100 kg−1 ÷ 5.38 ± 0.11 kg 100 kg−1. These results provide a solid basis for improving larger-scale industrial procedures that involve converting SBP into bioethanol using a cost-efficient approach of microbial hydrolysis with T. viride and a blend of pentose and hexose fermenting yeast.
Research on the Dispatching of Electric Vehicles Participating in Vehicle-to-Grid Interaction: Considering Grid Stability and User Benefits
Authors: Zhang Gang , Liu Hong , Xie Tuo , Li Hua , Zhang Kaoshe , Wang Ruogu
Published: February 2024

As the prevalence of electric vehicles (EVs) continues to grow, their charging and discharging behaviors pose a challenge to the stable operation of power systems. Therefore, this paper analyzes the charging demand of EV users through GPS trajectory data and proposes an EV-discharging-optimization model based on vehicle-to-grid interaction (V2G). Firstly, the spatial–temporal distribution of EV-charging demand is obtained by cleaning and mining the big data of traveling vehicles, considering dynamic energy consumption theory and users’ willingness; secondly, a probabilistic model of EV users’ participation in V2G-demand response is constructed based on expected utility theory, which both considers the heterogeneity of users and reflects the interactive influence of users’ decisions; finally, a scheduling model of EV discharging in the regional grid is established. The results show that the proposed model can explore the potential of user participation in V2G in the study area, and the V2G response resources can reduce the grid fluctuation and enable users to obtain certain benefits, which achieves a win–win situation between the grid side and the user side.
Short-Term Tree-Ring Series of Pinus hartwegii Lindl. Taken at Ground Level Correlate to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Series
Authors: Montoya-Jiménez Luis R. , Gómez-Guerrero Armando , Pedraza-Oropeza Felipe J. A. , González-Martínez Teresa M. , Correa-Díaz Arian
Published: February 2024

In this work, we propose that small wood core samples (≤10 cm length), taken from 0.3 m above the soil, represent an accurate means of correlating forest growth with remote sensing data. Short-term correlations between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and tree-ring components of the last three to four decades were tested, using 210 Pinus hartwegii wood cores collected at two locations, Tláloc (TLA) and Jocotitlán (JOCO) in central Mexico. The NDVI time series were generated with the Google Earth Engine (GEE) using Landsat 8 images. Also, seasonal trends in NDVI (e.g., spring, summer, autumn, winter) were analyzed through longitudinal analysis. The results showed more statistically significant dendrochronological indices in TLA than in JOCO, but both locations consistently showed an NDVI decrease in 2018 and 2020, indicating a reduction in vegetation vigor. At the two locations, the minimum and maximum NDVI occurred in April and October, respectively. Seasonal NDVI changes for spring were mainly seen at TLA with a decreasing trend, which may be related to a less defined dry season. The significant correlations (p < 0.05) between tree-ring components and the NDVI occurred in the dry season, indicating that the productivity of a given year is defined by the tree vigor shown in April and May, in the case of TLA, and between January and March, for JOCO. Although the NDVI values of JOCO were higher than those of TLA, tree growth, expressed by tree-ring indices, was lower. Our proposed field method to correlate tree-ring information and the NDVI is reliable and can be used in other coniferous forests.
Sawlog Recovery in Birch, Black Alder, and Aspen Stands of Hemiboreal Forests in Latvia
Authors: Donis Jānis , Šņepsts Guntars , Zeltiņš Pauls , Jansons Jurģis , Zālītis Pēteris , Jansons Āris
Published: February 2024

In any forest stand, the theoretically modelled output of sawlogs (the most valuable roundwood assortments) will differ from what is actually obtained. The aim of this study was to assess whether it is possible to characterise this difference by site properties or forest inventory parameters for birch, black alder, and aspen. We compared theoretically modelled sawlog recovery with actual recovery according to harvester data from final fellings. The difference between the theoretically modelled and actually recovered sawlog outcomes varied from −24.32 to −60.96 percentage points, with overestimations reaching up to three times for aspen. The differences in yield of sawlogs varied among soil types and increased with age and the average diameter of a tree. The sawlog recovery was underestimated up to the mean diameter at breast height of 16 cm and age of 20 years while being overestimated for larger and older trees. The results highlight the necessity to consider decreasing wood quality with increasing age to account for decay, such as stem rot, in assortment tables.
Effect of the Moso Bamboo Pyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J.Houz. on Soil Phosphorus Bioavailability in a Broadleaf Forest (Jiangxi Province, China)
Authors: Yang Dou , Shi Fuxi , Fang Xiangmin , Zhang Ruoling , Shi Jianmin , Zhang Yang
Published: February 2024

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J.Houz.) is a fast-growing species that commonly invades neighboring broadleaf forests and has been widely reported in subtropical forest ecosystems. However, little is known about the effect on soil phosphorus (P) bioavailability and its potential influence factor during the P. edulis expansion. Here, the four soil P bioavailable fractions (i.e., CaCl2-P, Citrate-P, Enzyme-P, and HCl-P), acid phosphatase activity, iron and aluminum oxides (Fed and Ald), and soil total P pool at depths of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–40 cm were measured in three expanding interfaces (a broadleaf forest, a mixed bamboo–broadleaf forest, and a pure P. edulis forest) in subtropical forests of southern China. Regardless of soil depths, the CaCl2-P content was significantly lower in the mixed bamboo–broadleaf forest than the other two forest types, with contents ranging from 0.09 to 0.16 mg/kg, whereas the HCl-P content was significantly lower in the broadleaf forest, with contents ranging from 3.42 to 14.33 mg/kg, and the Enzyme-P content and acid phosphatase activity were notably lower in P. edulis forest with contents of 0.17–0.52 mg/kg and 68.66–74.80 μmol MUF released g−1 min−1, respectively. Moreover, the soil total P pool was enhanced in the mixed bamboo–broadleaf forest in 0–10 cm depth compared to broadleaf and P. edulis forests, with increases of 27.40% and 31.02%, respectively. The redundancy analysis showed that soil pH plays an important role in regulating soil P bioavailability during the P. edulis expansion (p < 0.01). From the above results, the invasion of P. edulis into broadleaf forests has resulted in soil P bioavailability and storage capacity. The results of this study suggest that when P. edulis invades broadleaf forests, it could affect the soil P bioavailability by elevating soil pH, which in turn drives and facilitates the completion of the expansion. This is important for understanding P cycling during the P. edulis forest expansion in subtropical regions.
A Secure Opportunistic Network with Efficient Routing for Enhanced Efficiency and Sustainability
Authors: Khalil Ayman , Zeddini Besma
Published: February 2024

The intersection of cybersecurity and opportunistic networks has ushered in a new era of innovation in the realm of wireless communications. In an increasingly interconnected world, where seamless data exchange is pivotal for both individual users and organizations, the need for efficient, reliable, and sustainable networking solutions has never been more pressing. Opportunistic networks, characterized by intermittent connectivity and dynamic network conditions, present unique challenges that necessitate innovative approaches for optimal performance and sustainability. This paper introduces a groundbreaking paradigm that integrates the principles of cybersecurity with opportunistic networks. At its core, this study presents a novel routing protocol meticulously designed to significantly outperform existing solutions concerning key metrics such as delivery probability, overhead ratio, and communication delay. Leveraging cybersecurity’s inherent strengths, our protocol not only fortifies the network’s security posture but also provides a foundation for enhancing efficiency and sustainability in opportunistic networks. The overarching goal of this paper is to address the inherent limitations of conventional opportunistic network protocols. By proposing an innovative routing protocol, we aim to optimize data delivery, minimize overhead, and reduce communication latency. These objectives are crucial for ensuring seamless and timely information exchange, especially in scenarios where traditional networking infrastructures fall short. By large-scale simulations, the new model proves its effectiveness in the different scenarios, especially in terms of message delivery probability, while ensuring reasonable overhead and latency.
Correction: Monahan et al. Spatial Patterns in Fish Assemblages across the National Ecological Observation Network (NEON): The First Six Years. Fishes 2023, 8, 552
Authors: Monahan Dylan , Wesner Jeff S. , Parker Stephanie M. , Schartel Hannah
Published: February 2024

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Influence of Different Drying Processes on the Chemical and Texture Profile of Cucurbita maxima Pulp
Authors: Grassino Antonela Ninčević , Karlović Sven , Šošo Lea , Dujmić Filip , Sabolović Marija Badanjak , Marelja Marko , Brnčić Mladen
Published: February 2024

The effects of hot air (HAD), vacuum (VAD) and conductive (CD) drying on the chemical and textural profiles of Cucurbita maxima pulp were investigated to find suitable drying conditions to avoid postharvest losses of pumpkin. The results showed that the drying methods had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the chemical and textural profiles of pumpkin pulp. The ash content was lower in VAD (up to 7.65%) than in HAD (up to 9.88%) and CD pulp (up to 9.21%). The samples of HAD, CD and VAD had a higher fat content, up to 3.07, 2.66 and 2.51%, respectively, than fresh pulp (1.55%). The total fibre content is lower for VAD (up to 8.78%) than for HAD (up to 15.43%) and CD pulp (13.94%). HAD pulp at 70 °C (~15.51%) and VAD and CD pulp processed between 50 and 60 °C (~22%) are good sources of protein. HAD and CD pulp at 70 °C and VAD at 50 °C resulted in a high sugar content (up to 83.23%). In addition to drying, the extraction time of 40 min used in ultrasound-assisted extraction is optimal, especially for protein and sugar recovery in dried samples. Drying also led to strong changes in the textural properties of the pulp, so that an excellent dried intermediate product is the one obtained using HAD at a temperature of 70 °C and an airflow of 0.5 m/s.
The Protection of Quinoa Protein on the Quality of Pork Patties during Freeze–Thaw Cycles: Physicochemical Properties, Sensory Quality and Protein Oxidative
Authors: Meng Zhiming , Liu Ying , Xi Yueyang , Dong Yingying , Cai Chunbo , Zhu Yingchun , Li Qi
Published: February 2024

The present study investigated the impact of quinoa protein (QP) on the physicochemical properties, sensory quality, and oxidative stability of myofibrillar protein (MP) in pork patties during five freeze–thaw (F-T) cycles. It was observed that repeated F-T cycles resulted in a deterioration of pork patty quality; however, the incorporation of QP effectively mitigated these changes. Throughout the F-T cycles, the sensory quality of the QP-treated group consistently surpassed that of the control group. After five F-T cycles, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content in the control group was measured at 0.423 mg/kg, whereas it significantly decreased to 0.347 mg/kg in the QP-treated group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, QP inclusion led to a decrease in pH and an increase in water-holding capacity (WHC) within pork patties. Following five F-T cycles, Ca2+-ATPase activity exhibited a significant increase of 11.10% in the QP-treated group compared to controls (p < 0.05). Additionally, supplementation with QP resulted in elevated total sulfhydryl content and reduced carbonyl content, Schiff base content, and dityrosine content within myofibrillar proteins (MPs), indicating its inhibitory effect on MP oxidation. In particular, after five F-T cycles, total sulfhydryl content reached 58.66 nmol/mL for the QP-treated group significantly higher than that observed for controls at 43.65 nmol/mL (p < 0.05). While carbonyl content increased from 2.37 nmol/mL to 4.63 nmol/mL between the first and fifth F-T cycle for controls; it only rose from 2.15 nmol/mL to 3.47 nmol/mL in the QP-treated group. The endogenous fluorescence levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the QP-treated group compared to controls. In conclusion, the addition of QP enhanced the quality of pork patties and effectively inhibited the oxidative denaturation of MP during F-T cycles.
Real-Time Synchronisation of Multiple Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems: An Application Study in Secure Communication
Authors: Nail Bachir , Atoussi Mahedi Abdelghani , Saadi Slami , Tibermacine Imad Eddine , Napoli Christian
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we use two Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems (FOCS)—one for the sender and one for the receiver—to determine the optimal synchronisation for a secure communication technique. With the help of the Step-By-Step Sliding-Mode Observer (SBS-SMO), this synchronisation is accomplished. An innovative optimisation method, known as the artificial Harris hawks optimisation (HHO), was employed to enhance the observer’s performance. This method eliminates the random parameter selection process and instead selects the optimal values for the observer. In a short amount of time, the secret message that could have been in the receiver portion (signal, voice, etc.) was successfully recovered using the proposed scheme. The experimental validation of the numerical results was carried out with the assistance of an Arduino microcontroller and several electronic components. In addition, the findings of the experiments were compared with the theoretical calculations, revealing a satisfactory level of agreement.
Collagen-Based Scaffolds for Chronic Skin Wound Treatment
Authors: La Monica Francesco , Campora Simona , Ghersi Giulio
Published: February 2024

Chronic wounds, commonly known as ulcers, represent a significant challenge to public health, impacting millions of individuals every year and imposing a significant financial burden on the global health system. Chronic wounds result from the interruption of the natural wound-healing process due to internal and/or external factors, resulting in slow or nonexistent recovery. Conventional medical approaches are often inadequate to deal with chronic wounds, necessitating the exploration of new methods to facilitate rapid and effective healing. In recent years, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have emerged as promising avenues to encourage tissue regeneration. These approaches aim to achieve anatomical and functional restoration of the affected area through polymeric components, such as scaffolds or hydrogels. This review explores collagen-based biomaterials as potential therapeutic interventions for skin chronic wounds, specifically focusing on infective and diabetic ulcers. Hence, the different approaches described are classified on an action-mechanism basis. Understanding the issues preventing chronic wound healing and identifying effective therapeutic alternatives could indicate the best way to optimize therapeutic units and to promote more direct and efficient healing.
A Breast Cancer Candidate Locus at 6q Narrowed to 6q15-q21
Authors: Csuka Dorottya , Freysteinsdottir Edda , Johannesdottir Gudrun , Agnarsson Bjarni , Johannsson Oskar , Barkardottir Rosa , Arason Adalgeir
Published: February 2024

Although a number of high-risk breast cancer genes have been identified, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, the risk profile of many high-risk families cannot be explained using known breast cancer genes. Previously, we have shown strong indications of new breast cancer risk loci at chromosomes 2p, 6q, and 14q in a family of six generations including 10 breast cancer cases. In this study, we identified and traced four new family branches descending from siblings of the parents in the top generation of the studied family. One distantly related branch included four breast cancer cases, two of whom were diagnosed at age < 45 years. DNA samples from the cases were typed at selected polymorphic markers from all three chromosome loci, to test identical origin of the haplotypes. All four cases were shown to segregate a common 6q haplotype with a region identical to the previously identified 6q haplotype. The data strongly support a new breast cancer locus at 6q, and narrow it down to a 17 MB interval at 6q15-q21.
The Development and Evaluation of an Animated Video for Pre- and Postoperative Instructions for Patients with Osteoarthritis—A Design Science Research Approach
Authors: Kylén Erik , Stenholm Joel , Johansson Madeleine , Aggestam Lena , Svensson Ann
Published: February 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a condition in the hip or knee joints that develops during a long period of time and sometimes needs hip or knee joint replacement surgery when pain gets too intense for the patient. This paper describes how an animated video for pre- and postoperative instructions for patients with osteoarthritis was designed. The design science research (DSR) approach was followed by creating a web-based animated video. The web-based animated video is used to support surgical departments with education for patients suffering from OA. In the web-based animated video, information about OA surgical treatment and its pre- and post-arrangements was included. The relevance, the rigor, and the design cycles were focused on, with some iterations of and improvements in the animations. Even after implementation, there was a feedback-loop with comments from the surgeons and their patients. Moreover, as more departments will use the web-based animated video, they want to make their special mark on it, so that further changes will be made. This paper presents the design and successful implementation of an animated video for pre- and postoperative instructions for patients with osteoarthritis, tightly linked to the patient journey and the workflow of healthcare professionals. The animated video serves not only as a tool to improve care but also as a basis for further scientific research studies.
Genome-Wide Analysis of SPL Gene Family and Functional Identification of JrSPL02 Gene in the Early Flowering of Walnut
Authors: Ma Kai , Zhao Yu , Han Liqun , Gao Chaoyuan , Hu Jianfang , Guan Pingyin
Published: February 2024

SPL transcription factors affect plant growth and development, including blooming and photoperiod control. The investigation began with transcriptome data screening of 28 JrSPL genes in walnut (Junglans regia L.) ‘Wen185’. These genes were discovered on all chromosomes except 6 and 15. Phylogenetic study divides the 28 JrSPL genes into five groupings. The biggest cluster, cluster IV, has 12 JrSPL genes. The expression of JrSPL genes in different tissues was investigated by qRT-PCR. JrSPL02 gene expression was greater in walnut female and male flower tissues than other genes. Subcellular localization has shown the JrSPL02 gene resides in the nucleus. Jre-miR156 may target JrSPL02’s 3′-UTR region, according to miRNA sequencing, RACE, and BiFC studies. Arabidopsis plants expressing the JrSPL02 gene flowered 3 days faster than the wild type, according to phenotypic observation. Transgenic lines had more stem branches and siliques than the control group but fewer rosette leaves. In summary, this study functionally analyses the metamorphosis of the miR156-SPL module during the blooming stage and the underlying mechanisms that govern early fruiting in early-fruiting walnuts in Xinjiang.
Correction: Robrigado et al. Bridge Healing: A Pilot Project of a New Model to Prevent Repeat “Social Admit” Visits to the Emergency Department and Help Break the Cycle of Homelessness in Canada. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6845
Authors: Robrigado Matthew , Zorić Igor , Sleet David A. , Francescutti Louis Hugo
Published: February 2024

There was an error in the original publication [...]
Burden of Disease Due to Air Pollution in Afghanistan—Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Hahad Omar
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Air pollution is a significant risk factor for a range of diseases and leads to substantial disease burden and deaths worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the burden of disease in Afghanistan attributed to air pollution in 2019. Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 were used to investigate disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and deaths attributed to air pollution in Afghanistan. Results: In 2019, air pollution in Afghanistan was associated with significant health impacts, and contributed to 37,033 deaths (14.72% of total deaths), 1,849,170 DALYs (10.80% of total DALYs), 76,858 YLDs (2.07% of total YLDs), and 1,772,311 YLLs (13.23% of total YLLs). The analysis further revealed that lower respiratory infections, neonatal disorders, ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and diabetes mellitus were the leading causes of mortality and disease burden associated with air pollution in Afghanistan from 1990 to 2019. Comparative assessments between 1990 and 2019 underscored air pollution as a consistent prominent risk factor that ranked closely with other risk factors, like malnutrition, high blood pressure, and dietary risks, in contributing to deaths, DALYs, YLDs, and YLLs. In a comparative country analysis for the year 2019, Afghanistan emerged as having a substantial burden of disease due to air pollution, closely mirroring other high-burden nations like China, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Discussion: Air pollution is one of the major health risk factors that significantly contribute to the burden of disease in Afghanistan, which emphasizes the urgent need for targeted interventions to address this substantial public health threat.