bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversal Reaction in Leprosy Patients: Study on Prevalence, Sociodemographic Characteristics, and Precipitating Factors at a Tertiary Referral Hospital in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Gunawan Hendra , Miliawati Risa , Hanannisa Renasha Firda
Published: April 2022

Background: Heretofore, leprosy remains one of the most stigmatizing diseases with serious social consequences. Patients with leprosy might develop inflammatory reactions that interrupt with stable and chronic disease which are called leprosy reactions. Type 1 leprosy reactions, also known as reversal reactions (RR), are caused by immune responses that initially decreases, then “reverses” to become more intense, leading to considerable disability. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence, sociodemographic characteristics, and precipitating factors of reversal reaction in leprosy patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study with a cross-sectional design, with an approach to collecting data from the medical records of the Leprosy Clinic, Department of Dermatology and Venereology Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung West Java, during January 2015–December 2019. Results: The results showed that 53 patients (24.7%) of the total 214 leprosy patients experienced a reversal reaction. The most frequent type of leprosy with reversal reaction was borderline lepromatous (BL) (56.5%). Most of the patients were male (68%), aged between 25–44 years (47.2%), unemployed patients (35.8%), and the last education was senior high school (71.7%). Physical stress was suspected as the most precipitating factor in reversal reaction patients (50.9%). Conclusions: The prevalence of leprosy patients with reversal reaction in a Tertiary Referral Hospital West Java, Indonesia is 24.7%, with various characteristics based on sociodemographic. Physical stress is suspected as the most precipitating factor of RR in leprosy patients. Early diagnosis of reversal reaction is important to prevent nerve damage and disability.
Analysis and Dimensions of Bilingualism
Authors: Banerjee Shrestha
Published: April 2022

One of the earliest definitions of bilingualism consisted of using the term to define the nativelike use of two languages by the same individual, but later academic scholars have broadened the scope of this definition to include other aspects in order to account for the influx of immigration
into various areas around the globe and the need for these immigrants to speak two languages without an expert amount of fluency.
 Here I have discussed the stages of bilingualism and how to categorize an individual, the type of bilingual he/she is. I have also taken an example
of myself and have shown how the process works and can be used to analyse linguistic differences among individuals. I have also discussed here the necessary steps that we must follow for second language acquisition and the subjectivity that comes along with it. Lastly, I have generalized the
bilingual results over multilingualism and explained how multilingualism comes into existence. Where the choice isn't available or in some cases, where it is completely a prospect of personal interest.
 I hope through the course of study of these distinct branches of elementary
linguistics, there would be an increase in the awareness of linguistic mental health, especially in kids, and general awareness of the fact that Language learning is a procedural way of life rather than a random one. Hope the content of this study helps build a conducive linguistic atmosphere
and be an insignificant contributor in generating linguistic awareness across all parents, teachers, and students alike.
"Justice served or Justice denied" ----- Decoding the absurd nuances of the Jurisprudence in Leo Tolstoy's selected short stories
Authors: Dastidar Ankana Ghosh , Ullah Shabibun , Basak Sunita
Published: April 2022

Justice is one of the main societal values which construct a society. The very structure of the society is governed by the law and order. But frequently the revered legal system fails pathetically to conduct a fair play. Though in theory there are various moralities and promises to
serve all with equality but many a times human emotions and genuinity are considered irrelevant and proves that law is indeed blind in its exact meaning. In the chosen short stories the truth has been overshadowed by facts and law is stretched to any extent to suit the changing interest of
the powerful. This paper shows how logic creates opacity and strangely prevents us to see the truth and differentiate the right from the wrong.
Xiong’an station, China – how the largest station in Asia was built in just 2 years
Authors: Zhou Man , Zhuang Haiyan , Li Changqing , Su Xiaolong
Published: April 2022

Xiong’an railway station near Beijing in China is the largest railway station in Asia. It was opened in December 2020 and took just 2 years to build. Novel features include extensive use of fair-faced concrete, self-sufficiency in lighting energy, sound-absorbing platform walls and artificial intelligence for real-time building management. The construction team focused on quality management and control throughout delivery, with extensive use of smart construction techniques. These included cloud computing, the internet of things, big data, artificial intelligence, mobile internet and building information modelling technology. The result is a world-class transportation hub delivered in record time.
Three-dimensional limit analysis with Lade–Duncan criterion
Authors: Antão A. N. , Vicente da Silva M.
Published: April 2022

The paper describes the three-dimensional numerical implementation of the Lade–Duncan criterion in a finite-element limit analysis code. Validation is done using examples with a known solution. To conclude the proposed numerical tool is applied to the calculation of the ultimate bearing capacity of square footing.
The compressive strength and microstructural properties of alkali-activated slag cement mixed with zinc oxide
Authors: Kim Taewan
Published: April 2022

The mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali-activated slag cement (AASC) mixed with 2–10% zinc oxide (ZnO) were investigated. The addition of zinc oxide was found to be more effective for improving the strength at a later age: compared with AASC without zinc oxide, the addition of 10% zinc oxide improved the compressive strength by about 22% at 28 days. Furthermore, through the formation of zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2) and calcium zincate (CaZn2(OH)6.2H2O) and an increase in gel porosity (<10 nm), a dense matrix was formed, leading to an improvement in mechanical properties. At high pH, the ionisation of zinc oxide was promoted and the pH of the pore solution was increased. However, as the amount of zinc oxide was increased, unhydrated zinc oxide was observed between the hydration products. AASC has a higher alkali concentration than ordinary Portland cement, which improves the reactivity of zinc oxide and thereby improves strength by forming a high-density hydration product matrix.
Musculoskeletal Burden of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) on Health Care Workers Working for Long Hours during COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Survey
Authors:   Sakshi Sachdeva Seth, Holy Family Hospital, India., Seth. Sakshi Sachdeva
Published: April 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the use of enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE) by healthcare workers (HCWs) in patient-facing roles. Consistent use of PPE is reported to have so many direct or indirect negative effects on human body ranging from physiological impact which includes heat stress, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, fatigue, confusion etc. to Dermatological complications like mask acne and rashes. Tightly fitted mask has been reported to produce Neck pain. But there are no enough evidences for its musculoskeletal impact. The aim of the current study is to find out the effect of consistent use of PPE on musculoskeletal system. Material and Method: We conducted a single-centre, retrospective cross-sectional study among a cohort of HCWs who performed COVID-19 duties and used enhanced PPE. The cohort consisted of different categories of doctors, nursing personnel, and other paramedical staff. A content validated questionnaire was disseminated through WhatsApp application and Email ID. Outcome measures include joint discomfort (measured through CMDQ), Fatigue (FAS score), Cramps, and muscle soreness. Results: Retrospective analysis of the symptoms of 121 respondents is reported. FAS scoring showed 56.19% of the participants complained about fatigue. According to CMDQ tool, 68.59% participants reported discomfort in neck, 69.42% in the upper back, 57.85% in right leg, and 56.19% in left leg. Cramps is reported in 62.8% of the participants. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the undeniable negative impact of PPE on musculoskeletal system of the front-line HCWs using enhanced PPE and lays the ground for incorporating ‘potential exercise regime’ for the health care workers using PPE consistently for the foreseeable future. KEY WORDS: SARS-COV-2, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), Health care workers, Health, Neck pain, Headache, costume related pains.
Gamified learning environment (GLE): A Case study to compare between traditional learning and Gamified learning environment.
Authors: Pelden Kinzang
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research is to assess the difference between the Gamified learning environment and the traditional learning environment. The comparison shows the interests of students in ways of learning, improvement in different fields and learning environments. In this research a questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 400 students from the College of Science and Technology and came with 364 responses, after which compilations and analyzes were performed. This survey also deals with the related revised works, the methodology used, the results and the discussion of the interpreted result.
Conformism of the Soviet Artist as a Way of Existence in Art, or the Generation and Resurrection of Juliet by Soviet Conformism
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Mysovskikh Lev
Published: April 2022

The article examines the influence of the phenomenon of conformism on the formation of an artistic image in the Soviet classical choreographic art on the example of the creative path of the outstanding Soviet ballerina Galina Ulanova. The author analyses the phenomenon of conformism in the Soviet artistic sphere and considers the conditions of its origin and development. Using the dialectical method of research, the author makes an attempt to analyze the phenomenon of conformity from a neutral position and determine its role in creating an artistic image. The biographical method of research makes it possible to establish the contribution of a particular conformist artist to the formation of a single art form – Soviet classical choreographic art. The author comes to the conclusion that artists in the course of their creative activity can consciously adhere to the form of conformal behavior as a certain strategy to achieve their creative goals, which can contribute to the creation of masterpieces and the development of art.
N.A. Berdyaev’s Chiliastic “Mirage” and Eurasianism
Authors:   Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School, Russian Federation, Likhomanov Igor
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of N. A. Berdyaev’s ambiguous and contradictory attitude to Eurasianism - the ultra-right political trend of Russian emigration in the 1920s and 1930s. The author sees the reasons for Berdyaev’s rapprochement with the Eurasians in the collapse of the religious and mystical ideal that captured the philosopher’s imagination during the First World War. Under the influence of religious excitement that seized part of the Russian intelligentsia in the pre-war period, he believed in the nearness of the end of history and the onset of the millennial Kingdom of God on earth. According to Berdyaev, Russia was called upon to fulfill its historical mission in this final act of the world drama. This role (the “Russian Idea”) was to unite the East and the West in a global religious and cultural synthesis. The revolution of 1917 destroyed Berdyaev’s eschatological ideal and forced him to radically reconsider his view. From a Christian anarchist, he turns into a statesman, a defender of conservative values and social hierarchy. During this period, his social philosophy is very close to the ideology of fascism. But fascism was a pan-European phenomenon and in each country had its own original versions. The Eurasian movement was one of the varieties of Russian fascism. Berdyaev’s political sympathies brought him closer to this movement and became the main reason for long-term cooperation with its leaders. However, the commitment to the values of individual freedom and Christian personalism as the basis of his worldview did not allow Berdyaev to go far in his passion for right-wing conservative ideas. In the late 1920s, he sharply criticized the totalitarian features of the Eurasian ideology. After the National Socialists came to power in Germany, Berdyaev gets the opportunity to compare European far-right regimes and creates a general theory of totalitarianism. In this theory, he uses Eurasian concepts and terminology. Thus, Eurasianism becomes a model for him, on the basis of which he develops his theory of totalitarianism. After the end of the Second World War, the philosopher got deeply disappointed. After the end of the Second World War, the disappointment of the philosopher was due to the failure of his hopes for a softening of the political regime in the USSR. He was again seized by gloomy forebodings of an unsuccessful end to human history. And although the hope for a favorable outcome of the struggle between good and evil did not leave Berdyaev until the end of his life, a sense of realism weakened those hopes and faith in the feasibility of the “Russian Idea”.
School water, sanitation, and hygiene inequalities: a bane of sustainable development goal six in Nigeria
Authors: Wada Ojima Zechariah , Olawade David Bamidele , Oladeji Eunice Oluwafolakemi , Amusa Aminat Opeyemi , Oloruntoba Elizabeth Omoladun
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The importance of school water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal targets 6.1 and 6.2 in developing countries cannot be overemphasized. However, widespread WASH inequalities remain an impediment to achieving the targets by 2030. Hence, this study was conducted to examine current school-WASH disparities among public and private schools in a low-income Nigerian community using mixed methods.

Methods

The cross-sectional survey utilized multi-stage sampling to select 400 students from five public and five private schools in Akinyele, Ibadan. Semi-structured questionnaires and observational checklists were used to obtain data. Inferential statistics were measured at a 95% confidence interval. Independent variables like the students’ sociodemographic characteristics, school type, and available WASH facilities were associated with dependent variables like respondents’ hand hygiene and sanitation practices and WASH-associated knowledge and attitude to examine existing inequalities.

Results

Classifying the available WASH facilities based on the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme, none of the public schools provided any sanitation and hygiene service, while all the private schools provided both services. Furthermore, the private-school students had significantly better WASH knowledge (p<0.001; Ƞ2p=0.152) and attitude (p<0.001; Ƞ2p=0.036) compared with the public-school students. Also, a significantly higher portion of public-school students practiced open defecation at school (p<0.001; odds ratio (OR)=7.4; confidence interval (CI)=4.1–13.5) and at home (p<0.001; OR=7.8; CI=3.7–16.7).

Conclusion

WASH disparities among socioeconomic groups remain a persistent challenge. Sole reliance on the Government to narrow the inequalities has persistently proven unfruitful. There is a need to empower local community stakeholders to facilitate sustainable school-WASH interventions.
The “Ontological Turn” in the Social Sciences: The Return of Epistemology
Authors: Kerimov Tapdyg
Published: April 2022

In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in ontological research in the social sciences, the content and direction of which are described as an “ontological turn”. These studies set the formation of a new social ontology as their main goal. The article reveals the basic principles and content of this new social ontology, identifies controversial issues inherent in such a method of its renewal, and formulates guidelines for the return of epistemology to overcome the undesirable consequences of the “ontological turn”. Criticism of the «ontological turn» and the rationale for the return of epistemology are argued as follows; in the first section of the article, two possibilities of constructing a social ontology are considered, those of the essentialist ontology of mainstream sociology and the “flat ontology” of assemblage. The second section provides a critical analysis of three consequences of the “ontological turn”: the problematization of the idea of the autonomous social; the neutralization of the a priori ontological reasoning of social research; and the denial of the real outside beyond the assemblage. In the third section, the consequences of the “ontological turn” are considered in the context of the current discussion about the role of ontology in the social sciences, which is expressed through the opposition of a priori ontological and instrumental-pragmatic justification of social research. To overcome such consequences, the following guidelines for the return of epistemology are formulated: the “underdetermination” of reality by theories; the epistemological difference between the conceptual reality of an object and its ontological reality; and the equality (covariation) of ontology and epistemology.
The Literature “Not for Everyone” and the Phenomenon of the Guilty Pleasure: Classifications in Literature as a Space for Distinction
Authors: Sokolova Nadezhda , Mikhailova Ekaterina
Published: April 2022

This article presents the results of the pilot study in the sphere of literature classifications in Russia in the case of a group of students. The creation of artistic classifications is the focus of research, as the constructed symbolic hierarchies of consumption practices lead to the creation of social boundaries between groups. The boundaries between groups are manifested in the social exclusion of those individuals whose practices are marked as illegitimate in the established system. The results discuss two main categories that structure the reading practices of students, those of “classical literature” and “dime novels”. The consumption of classics is referred to “good taste” (the analogue of highbrow taste in the Russian context), while noting that these books are generally known to all segments of the population. The consumption of “dime novels” for our informants is possible only as a guilty pleasure, a consumption practice that takes a creation of distance with an object of consumption marked as something illegitimate into account. The results also discuss the universality of such a hierarchy of consumer practices. One group of informants can be attributed to those who support the norm that an educated person includes only the classics in his literary preferences, an object of consumption that brings symbolic benefits while avoiding any contact with illegitimate objects of consumption, while others question the grounds for such symbolic hierarchy.
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Authors: not provided health
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[RETRACTED] TrimLab Keto Gummies Reviews: Does It Work? Know This Before Buy! v1
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High Efficiency Transformation Protocol using NEB 10-beta Competent E. coli (C3019) v6
Authors: England Biolabs New
Published: April 2022

This is the High Efficiency Transformation Protocol for C3019H and C3019I cells.
Information Value Factor in Adaptive Time Series Forecasting
Authors:   Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, 305041, Russian Federation, Tarasova S. A.
Published: April 2022

The article considers the task of forecasting time series with unstable dynamics. Adaptive forecasting methods are usually used to solve such tasks, but there is a problem of using adaptive forecasting methods, which consists of choosing an adequate adaptation parameter, in science. The purpose of the study is to construct and test an adaptive forecasting model, in which the adaptation parameter is calculated based on the information value. The discount factor is calculated as the ratio of the measure of the information value in the current period to the measure of the information value in the previous period. The values of the adaptation parameter and the discount factor are obtained depending on the information half-life. The analysis of the effectiveness of the model is carried out on the example of forecasting a medical and statistical indicator — the morbidity of the population. The average relative error of the forecast obtained in the study for the proposed adaptive model is significantly less than for the linear model. The method of finding the adaptation parameter and the discount factor based on the information value can serve as an additional criterion for choosing these constants, and in some cases the method of forecasting.
Bernard Tschumi's architectural intertext
Authors: Danilova Elina V.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the sources and structure of the architectural theory developed by Bernard Tschumi. The historical context in which the formation of the architect took place is described. The concept of intertext, which arose in linguistics in the second half of the 20th century, is considered. The intertext became the basis for both the content and the form of the architect's work, who constructed a theory of architecture that could replace the modernist and postmodernist paradigms. Key points from the works of R. Barthes, which were imported by Tschumi into his texts, are identified. The article shows how the architect developed a new architectural triad to replace Vitruvius' triad. Particular attention is paid to the methodology that was invented by the architect using borrowed tools of linguistic analysis.
Analysis of methods for environmental assessment of urban project solutions
Authors: Sukhinina Elena Alexandrovna
Published: April 2022

The unfavorable ecological situation in cities and the need for ecological assessment of urban space are considered. The determination of the environmental assessment method is done. The existing methods for assessing the environmental friendliness of urban planning solutions have been studied. Evaluation categories of standards in percentage terms are analyzed. Features and priority areas of rating systems are identified. The author's concept of ecological assessment of urban areas is proposed. To achieve the greatest environmental friendliness of the urban space, a number of sustainable solutions should be laid in the system of the whole city (at the macro level), followed by the development of ecosolutions for individual sections (meso, microlevels), which must be more clearly defined in the emerging Russian standards.
Industrial heritage of Saint Petersburg XIX - early xx centuries as objects of architectural tourism
Authors: Vaytens Andrey G. , Shtiglits Margarita S.
Published: April 2022

Territories and objects of industrial architecture are an important and integral part of the image of St. Petersburg. On the vast industrial territories of St. Petersburg, in the past the industrial capital of Russia, many valuable architectural monuments of the 19th - early 20th centuries, created by prominent architects, are concentrated. However, the fate of this architectural heritage raises serious concerns. The liquidation of many industries, caused by socio-economic changes, left entire groups of enterprises lifeless. Such objects are in varying degrees of preservation, repurposed and used in different ways. The article briefly presents the history of the formation of these monuments of industrial architecture. The purpose of the article is to consider the most characteristic objects of the industrial heritage of St. Petersburg, located along the waterways of the city - the Neva and the Obvodny Canal, as objects of architectural tourism.
Transformaton of urban spaces into information age
Authors: Kandalova Alla Dmitrievna
Published: April 2022

The article describes the prerequisites that are global in the perception of the context of digital culture which implies a deep reorganization of social relations in time and space. This article analyzes phased development of means of artistic expressiveness in digital format. Several examples of transformation of urban space due to the emergence of media units of urban structure (MEGS) are considered. The importance of the appearance of media units in the structure of the city was noted. The presence of media units allows to change and adapt the urban environment in a variety of ways as the macro level in a smart city and simple local interventions related to specific sections of the city.
Psychological Factors Contributing to Clients’ Trust for a Law Company
Authors: Khokhlova N. , Plekhanova N.
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the problem of building trust for the activities of law companies in the process of professional interaction between lawyers and their clients. The results of the study demonstrated that the main sources of consumers’ confidence in a law (legal) compa-ny are its lawyers’ communicative qualities, their good understanding of clients’ needs and individual approach. It has been revealed that the view of a lawyer’s personal qualities, as a factor of trust, differs greatly between lawyers and their clients. Lawyers believe that the basis for clients’ trust is high level of lawyers’ expertise, which is in contrast to the users who are more oriented towards lawyers’ communicating qualities and their image. Users’ trusting attitude comes as a result of meeting of their expectations and their actual experi-ence in getting legal advice. The quality of legal services and clients’ confidence are at-tained by building a productive cooperation between a client and a lawyer using a wide range of communication means. The article presents areas of psychological work for further professional training of lawyers in legal companies.
Lichen sclerosus et atrophicans in men: clinical efficacy of hydrobiont collagenase isoenzymes electrophoresis in the rehabilitation phase
Authors: Ignatovskiy Andrei V. , Zhelonkin Anton R. , Zhelonkina Angelina O.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: In view of the lacking ineffectiveness of the currently established treatment methods of men with genital lichen sclerosus (GLS), as well as the lack of evidence-based ways of managing patients at the rehabilitation stage, there exists a want for new approaches to solve this problem.
AIMS: The aim of the research was to study the possibility of applying electrophoresis of an enzyme preparation from hydrobiont collagenases at the stage of rehabilitation in men with GLS.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Open-label randomized controlled trial comparing clinical efficacy of hydrobiont enzyme preparation and standard supportive emollient therapy at the stage of rehabilitation in men with confirmed GLS was conducted. The follow-up period lasted for 16 weeks. Clinical efficacy was estimated using specifically developed scores LS-S (surface area), LS-A (disease activity) and validated dermatologic life quality index (DLQI) at 6th and 16th week of follow-up. The primary study outcome was the comparative efficacy at 16th week as based on the evaluated scores.
RESULTS: All patients (n=27) were given topical glucocorticoids (TGCs) at the first stage of the study during the first 6 weeks. The patients were then randomly allocated into 2 groups for the rehabilitation stage that lasted from 6th to 16th week of the study. The first group (primary group, n=13) were managed with electrophoresis of an enzyme preparation from hydrobiont collagenases. The second group (control group, n=14) were managed with emollients at the rehab stage. The age of patients in the first group and in the second group was 36,6216,04 and 41,939,34 years, respectively. At baseline before initiating treatment patients in both groups as judged by LS-S (p=0,110), LS-A (p=0,757) и DLQI (p=0,149) comparable. At 6th week after course of TGCs no statistically significant differences were detected. At the primary study outcome at 16th week scores LS-S (p=0,002), LS-A (р 0,001) and DLQI (р 0,001) evidenced significantly in favour of enzyme electrophoresis.
CONCLUSION: During staged treatment, a more pronounced and long-lasting effect was observed in the group of patients with electrophoresis of the enzyme complex during the rehabilitation stage compared to the group with emollients
Interdisciplinary databank in oncoendocrinology: radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Rumyantsev Pavel O. , Baidak Andrey G.
Published: April 2022

High achievements in personalized evidence-based medicine and oncology, particularly in developed countries, are associated with the successful development of clinical carceral registries of patients (SEER, NCDB, etc.), which are multimodal data banks. They are a data matrix for the development of analytical and prognostic tools in the study of diagnostic features, clinical disease course, therapy response, assessment of prognostic factors, etc. From the point of view of medical digital data banks, data redundancy and duplication are not as critical as information incompleteness or inconsistency when making medical decisions.
This study aimed to present a multimodal database of patients with radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer, which is essentially a modern interdisciplinary digital medical registry.
Along with demographic and nosological data that is typical for epidemiological registers, the multimodal data banks consider key clinical and paraclinical data, such as the results of laboratory, morphological, and instrumental research methods, and various imaging methods, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography/CT, and positron emission tomography/CT. The multimodal data banks present the molecular genetic profile results of the tumor, of which the clinical usefulness in the choice of treatment tactics is undoubted today. All these data are accumulated in the multimodal data banks, noting the execution time and the revision results (second opinion), considering standardized qualitative and quantitative parameters (factors) that potentially affect the clinical course, treatment response, complication development, and outcomes.
Mechanism and diagnostic capabilities of the reaction of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by human neutrophils
Authors: Mayansky A. N. , Pazyuk E. A. , Makarova T. P. , Parshakova R. A. , Pikuza O. I.
Published: April 2022

The advantages of the methods of cytochemical research include technical simplicity, availability, minimum requirements for the volume of the test material. This makes it possible to introduce them into the daily practice of clinical laboratories. At the same time, they allow detecting such changes in neutrophils that are difficult, and sometimes impossible to detect using other, much more laborious methods.
Radial laser trabeculoplasty as a method of treatment of open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Nesterov A. P. , Mammadov N. G. , Shtilerman A. L.
Published: April 2022

Proposed in 1972 by M. M. Krasnov, a fundamentally new method of treating primary open-angle glaucoma - laser goniopuncture - marked the beginning of the widespread introduction into clinical practice of laser methods of treatment of this serious disease.
Side effects of vaccination against COVID-19: description of a case of isolated oculomotor nerve damage with a literature review
Authors: Gaifutdinov Rustem T. , Kamalova Dinara Sh.
Published: April 2022

In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, unprecedented efforts have been made by governments and the scientific community to develop vaccines. Vaccines developed on the basis of new technologies have proven to be effective and safe. The accumulated experience in vaccine development on the basis of human adenovirus DNA has allowed domestic scientists to develop and launch the worlds first vaccine against a new coronavirus infection, Sputnik V, in a short period of time, which has received worldwide recognition. Pre-registration trials may be insufficient to detect rare post-vaccination complications, and the lack of information about them may cause distrust in vaccination companies among part of the population. A review of the worldwide literature on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related complications is presented. It concludes that vaccination is superior to their risks. An oculomotor nerve injury following vaccination with Sputnik Lite in a 67-year-old woman with a favourable outcome is described.
Clinical aspects of hypomimia in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Khomchenkova Aleksandra A. , Prokopenko Semyon V. , Ismailova Saikal B.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND. Hypomimia is a distinct symptom of Parkinsons disease manifested by reduced facial expression and slowness of movement in mimic muscles. Clinical aspects of this symptom remain underinvestigated to the date.
AIM. Based on correlation analysis, to determine the association between hypomimia, general manifestations of hypokinesia and the quality of life in patients with Parkinsons disease as well as to evaluate the influence of therapy with L-DOPA pharmaceuticals on hypomimia.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. Clinical aspects of hypomimia were studied in 30 patients with stage 1.53.0 PD according to Hoehn and Yahr Rating Scale. The mean age of the patients was 69. Analysis of hypomimia was carried out using a proprietary method of computer video-analysis of facial muscle movement in performance of 6 tests: smiling, drawing of the letter O, winking, eyebrow raising, frowning and text reading. The gait function was assessed using the laser analyser of kinematic parameters of gait. Mean step length, step time and gait velocity were evaluated. Manifestations of general hypokinesia were analysed via the Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale licensed by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Statistical processing of the data was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software package. The Wilcoxon test and the Spearmans correlation coefficient were used. The statistical significance level was set at p 0.05.
RESULTS. The correlation between the degree of hypomimia and the severity of general hypokinesia has been confirmed, which determines the prospect in objective analysis of mimics as a possible screening test for general hypokinesia. We have obtained data confirming the association between hypomimia and general hypokinesia: in particular, step time, step length and gait velocity.
CONCLUSION. While using the proprietary method of objective hypomimia diagnosis, we have revealed the presence of correlation between manifestations of hypomimia and general hypokinesia. Additionally, manifestations of hypomimia have been found to decrease against the background of dopaminergic therapy.
Efficiency of manual therapy methods in treatment of patients with chronic tension type headache
Authors: Yakupov Eduard Z. , Agliullina Faniya F.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND. The treatment of chronic tension headache mainly includes pharmacological methods, but the frequent side effects of medications and the presence of contraindications in some categories of patients determine the relevance of the search for alternative methods. One of them is the use of soft techniques of manual therapy with an impact on the myofascial structures of the head and cervical spine.
AIM. To determine the effectiveness of manual therapeutic use in patients with chronic tension headache.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. The clinical study was conducted in the period from 2019 to 2021. The study involved 49 patients with chronic tension headache, who were divided into 2 groups: the main (37 participants) and control (12 participants). In the main group, patients received 3 manual therapy sessions. In the control group, patients received drug therapy. After 1month and 6 months, the intensity, frequency of headache, the amount of drugs taken, and the effect of headache on work ability were assessed. Statistical processing was performed using the IBM SPSS software. The Friedman test and the Kendall coefficient of concordance were used; the Wilcoxon test and signs were used for the significance of the shift. The results of the data were taken as significant at p 0.05.
RESULTS. After the therapy in the main group of strong intensity headaches decreased 6 times (p 0.05). The number of patients with an insignificant effect of headache on work ability increased 2 times (p 0.05), there were patients (21.6%) whose headache did not influence with their ability to work, while the differences were significant (p 0.05).There was a decrease in the frequency of headache attacks in more than half of the patients (62%) and for 4 times decrease of the number of painkillers (p 0.01). There were no significant changes in the incidence and intensity of headache in the control group.
CONCLUSION. The use of manual therapy in patients with chronic tension headache reduces the frequency, intensity of headache, the amount of drugs used and the negative effect of headache on working capacity.
Cataract Surgery Results after Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Tanash M. A. , Frolov M. A. , Kumar V. , Ababneh L. T. , Alqudah A. A.
Published: April 2022

Objective. To compare clinical and refractive outcomes of cataract surgery by phacoemulsification and by extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of foldable and rigid intraocular lenses in patients previously having undergone penetrating keratoplasty (PK).

Patients and methods. This is a retrospective study. Medical records of all patients admitted for cataract surgery between 2010 and 2018 to the King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) were reviewed and medical records of patients who underwent cataract surgery after PK were analyzed. Medical records of 95 patients (58 males and 37 females; average age 40.0 ± 19.9 years) were selected. Depending upon the type of surgical technique applied, the cases were divided into two groups: first group included 60 patients who underwent cataract surgery by phacoemulsification with implantation of different foldable intraocular lenses (IOL), the second group included 35 patients who underwent cataract surgery by extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with implantation of a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) IOL. The choice of ECCE technique with implantation of rigid IOLs was made if the endothelial cell density after PK was less than 2200 cells/mm2 and cataracts were of 4 and 5 grades to exclude additional trauma to the endothelium by ultrasound energy. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The R statistical program and SPSS were used for data analysis. The P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results. Analysis showed that PK was performed mainly due to 4 indications: keratoconus (KC) — 77 % cases, herpetic keratopathy — 7 % cases, Eye trauma — 5 % cases, previous graft rejection — 5 % cases and Stevens–Johnson syndrome — 1 % cases. The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the first group improved from 0.40 ± 0.05 to 0.80 ± 0.05 postoperatively. The mean BCVA in the second group improved from 0.30 ± 0.05 to 0.70 ± 0.05. In the late postoperative period BCVA with foldable IOLs was higher by 0.10 ± 0.05, as compared with the results obtained with the rigid IOLs. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) changed from 15.1 ± 4.9 before PK to 16.3 ± 5.3 after PK.

Conclusion. KC was the most common indication for PK in Jordan. Results of our analysis showed that cataract surgery could be successfully performed in eyes after PK with favorable results and improvement in patients’ quality of life. Cataract surgery by phacoemulsification with implantation of foldable IOLs results in higher (BCVA) compared to ECCE with implantation of PMMA IOLs. Unless contraindicated otherwise, phacoemulsification technique with foldable IOL implantation should be given preference over ECCE with implantation of rigid PMMA IOLs in visual rehabilitation of cataract patients after PK.
Distant Ocular Manifestations after New Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Plyaskina U. S. , Frolov M. A. , Frolov A. M.
Published: April 2022

Purpose. Theoretically substantiate and practically identify ocular manifestations after the transferred SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Patients and methods. For the study we were invited patients who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 at the hospital of V.M. Buyanova, the age from 20 to 65 years old in period from 2020 to 2021. The total number of patients was 68 people. The patients had with them the results of PCR tests or ELISA tests, or an extract from the hospital confirmed COVID-19 case and also a clinical blood test and CT scan of the chest organs for the period of illness. Before the start of the study, the patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire “Questionnaire for patients who have had a new coronavirus infection” (Appendix 1). For a detailed study of this group of people, each underwent visometry, pneumotonometry, B-scan, a slit lamp study and also a slit lamp study with a 60D lens using 0.5 % Mydriacyl eye drops in the absence of contraindications and pupillography.

Results. As a result of the work carried out, we concluded that the virus is capable of causing inflammation of the choroid of the eyeball, uveitis. Moreover, in our study, we identified patients with acquired intermittent divergent strabismus, anisocoria, ptosis, and accommodation disorder. And, in this regard, we came to the conclusion that the coronavirus belongs to the group of neurotropic, as it is able to affect the nervous tissue and cause the above clinical picture. In other words, the virus negatively affects the somatic and autonomic innervation of the oculomotor nerve. As a result of these lesions, we get the corresponding tetrad of symptoms: heterotropy, mydriasis, ptosis, accommodation paralysis.

Conclusions. One of the extraordinary complications of coronavirus infection is damage effect to the fibers of the oculomotor nerve, the signs include: strabismus, mydriasis, ptosis and accommodation paralysis. Thus, this clinical picture is associated with the affinity of the virus to the nervous tissue. And as a result, this ability of the virus can probably infect various areas of the brain, which will lead to corresponding complications, not only from the oculomotor nerve, but also from other cranial nerves with the manifestation of the corresponding symptoms, which in theory can aggravate the patient’s condition , causing deep disturbances of motor and sensory innervation.
Nutraceuticals for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Formulation Optimization Focused on Safety
Authors: Pedanova E. K.
Published: April 2022

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease, with oxidative stress as a main pathogenetic factor in the development and progression. Large clinical trials have shown that the additional intake of vitamins and minerals in high doses reduce the risk progression to advanced wet AMD by 25 %. Some of these powerful antioxidants are not synthesized in the human body and can only be obtained with food as part of dietary supplements. However, patients with AMD, belonging to the older age group, often have comorbid conditions, for which they are used to take appropriate drug and vitamin therapy for a long time, as well as they have malnutrition of varying severity. Additional intake of high doses of ophthalmic vitamin-mineral complexes can lead to side effects due to overdose and possible disorders of drug absorption due to concomitant pathology. The article presents the results of the AREDS 2 study and a number of other clinical trials that studied long-term intake of vitamins and minerals in dosages similar to the AREDS 1 formula, containing vitamin C (500 mg), vitamin E (400 international units), beta-carotene (15 mg), zinc (80 mg as zinc oxide) and copper (2 mg as copper oxide). The cited works show that long-term intake of high dosages of some vitamins in elderly patients with severe concomitant diseases and a history of smoking can lead to undesirable consequences for the eye and other body systems. Potential side effects include an increased risk of glaucoma and cataract, an increased risk of prostate cancer in healthy men, an increased risk of lung cancer in former smokers, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women with diabetes. Thus, high dosages of vitamins and minerals in nutraceuticals should be administered with great caution, and a reduction in dosages to the recommended intake rates when switching to long-term intake may be considered. One of the possibilities for increasing the bioavailability of active substances in the composition of dietary supplements can be a microencapsulation.