bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF THE NON-EQUILIBRIUM IMPACT ON THE PROPERTIES OF A SUPERCONDUCTOR USING A PLASMA SUPERCONDUCTIVITY MECHANISM
Authors: Fyk Oleksandr
Published: October 2018

The results of theoretical studies of a semiconductor structure are presented which, upon irradiation with a particle stream or light, transforms into a superconducting phase state.

The work is carried out:

– analysis of ion-acoustic oscillations in non-degenerate and degenerate plasma;

– analysis of the possibility of using the jelly model to describe the weak coupling and strong coupling;

– determination of the value of the order parameter when the equilibrium distribution is replaced by a non-equilibrium distribution function;

– analysis of the dispersion properties of the medium for a non-equilibrium stationary distribution of charged particle;

– determination of the critical temperature of a superconducting transition when using the plasma mechanism for describing superconductivity.

The aim of research: determination of the frequency of oscillations of the "ion sound" type with sufficiently large mobility of the sites of the absence of electrons (holes); determination of the method for calculating the damping of ion-acoustic oscillations, which are determined by the imaginary part of the dielectric constant (decrement damping); numerically solution of the equation for the width of the energy gap; determination of the method of estimating the critical temperature of a superconductor in the plasma description of the process of the onset of superconductivity.
El servicio económico-político como culto antifetichista. Aproximación a la «obra temprana» de Enrique Dussel desde la perspectiva de la «ética arqueológica»
Authors: Zielinski Juan Matías
Published: October 2018

En este artículo se realizará un análisis pormenorizado dela relación que presenta Enrique Dussel en su «obra temprana»filosófica entre el servicio económico-político y el culto antifetichista. En el primer apartado, se analizará sistemáticamente la categoríade «fetichismo», la que permite comprender los procesos de«fetichización ontológica» de los sistemas históricos. En principio,se presentará la religión como «ideología supraestructural fetichista»y el proceso de fetichización como sacralización o divinización decualquier sistema histórico («totalización totalitaria»). En ello, sedescribirá la relación analógica entre el fetiche moderno (capital) y lafigura bíblica del «ídolo» (como Moloch o Mammón). En el segundoapartado, se explicará de qué manera la arqueológica liberadora seposiciona como una instancia atea de negación del dios-del-sistema.Luego se explicará el modo mediante el cual el ateísmo puede sercomprendido como una instancia propedéutica para la afirmación deun Absoluto alterativo (Dios-Otro), a partir de la dialéctica profeta-rey(«ateísmo por afirmación»). En el tercer apartado, se presentará lanoción hebrea ‘avodáh en referencia al trabajo-servicio económicopolíticocomo culto. Allí, a partir de una meta-física materialista yde la contingencia, analizaré las categorías fundamentales para eldesarrollo cúltico-profético de la praxis de liberación.
Editorial Franciscanum 168
Authors: Bonilla Morales Jaime Laurence
Published: October 2018

Editorial Franciscanum 168
Schopenhauer y el Eudaimonismo
Authors: Samamé Luciana
Published: October 2018

El artículo pretende defender una tesis problemática y a primera vista paradójica: la tesis con arreglo a la cual la ética de Schopenhauer posee un carácter eudaimonista. Esta afirmación puede resultar desconcertante, dado que el propio filósofo rechaza explícitamente el eudaimonismo, declarando que el concepto de felicidad nada tiene que ver con la moralidad. Sin embargo, el modo en que dispone los elementos que estructuran su sistema ético, como asimismo su peculiar manera de concebir el eudaimonismo, autorizan interpretarlo en dicha dirección. En mi opinión, existen dos argumentos de peso para avalar una interpretación de este tipo, los cuales se vuelven especialmente visibles en el contexto de su discusión del ideal ascético.
La muerte como posible acceso a lo sagrado: perspectivas fenomenológicas
Authors: Lambert Ortiz César
Published: October 2018

El artículo se centra en la noción heideggeriana de filosofía entendida como ontología fenomenológica universal, la cual requiere como su base de una ontología fundamental, a saber, un análisis existencial del Dasein. Pero el análisis tiene que captar al ser humano en su totalidad, es decir, a la existencia humana desde el comienzo hasta el final. Heidegger piensa que dicha totalidad solamente puede ser encontrada en la estructura del estar vuelto hacia la muerte. En tal sentido, el análisis de la muerte no puede ser desarrollado por la vía de una descripción «objetiva» de la muerte de los otros. El autor habla aquí de un tema sucedáneo. Asimismo, él restringe la interpretación ontológica a un análisis en el más acá. Pues bien, yendo más allá de algunos aspectos de este punto de vista, el artículo presenta las ideas de Eugen Fink y de Bernhard Welte acerca de los difuntos, especialmente, en el caso de los familiares. Conceptos importantes referidos a esto son carácter demónico, solemnidad y silencio. Con esta base cabe hablar, en la muerte, de una presencia sacra.
Mística y Alteridad. Una demanda para nuestro tiempo
Authors: Navarro S. Rosana Elena , Castañeda V. Fredy Humberto , Acero M. José Ricardo , Peña E. William Augusto
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo pretende profundizar en las raíces y componentes de la relación entre mística y alteridad, así como en su pertinencia e implicaciones en el mundo de hoy. La necesidad radica en que estamos ante un nuevo emerger de preguntas existenciales enmarcadas por la complejidad y diversidad de comprensiones y posturas sobre la experiencia humana de la mística. En primer lugar, se realiza una aproximación a la experiencia humana y religiosa para penetrar luego en la experiencia mística como experiencia teologal, de modo que se pueda articular dicha experiencia con la experiencia humana, en cuanto la mística le provee sentido. En un segundo momento, desde la experiencia de alguien que ha sido testigo, se aborda la relación mística y alteridad; su posibilidad, sus rasgos y sus implicaciones, tomando como referencia algunos apartes del relato personal e itinerario espiritual de Etty Hillesum.
Fe bíblica y filosofía
Authors: Díaz Jorge Aurelio
Published: October 2018

Se examina la interpretación del pensamiento de Paul Ricoeur propuesta por María Belén Tell, según la cual en la antropología filosófica del pensador francés se hallan elementos que permiten conectarla de manera original con la antropología proveniente de la hermenéutica bíblica. Con ello intenta mostrar una manera novedosa de relacionar la fe bíblica con la filosofía. Se evalúa la propuesta como una forma de «filosofía cristiana», y se propone entenderla como una apologética de la seducción perteneciente al campo de la teología.
Effect of Mycoplasma synoviae strains isolated from the respiratory and reproductive tracts of chicken on SPF chicken embryos
Authors: KURSA OLIMPIA , TOMCZYK GRZEGORZ , SAWICKA ANNA
Published: October 2018

Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) infections in poultry are an important epidemiological and economic problem in poultry production all over the world. The differences between M. synoviae strains are related to the pathogenicity and the course of the disease. In recent years, the pathogenicity of M. synoviae strains has increased, and some of them are capable of causing serious infections. Both horizontal and vertical transmission routes play an important role in MS infection in flocks. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of infection with selected MS strains obtained from chickens showing a clinical form of MS infection on SPF chicken embryos. Ten strains of M. synoviae were used for this purpose. The strains were isolated from the respiratory tract and the oviduct of chickens with symptoms typical of infection with this pathogen. Genetic material isolated from liquid cultures of these strains was confirmed by molecular (PCR and LAMP) and microbiological methods. The selected M. synoviae strains belonged to six different genotypes. Significant differences in virulence between the strains were demonstrated. In nine infected groups of embryos, M. synoviae strains caused weight loss, and in seven groups they produced anatomopathological changes characteristic of mycoplasma infections. The most pathogenic for SPF chicken embryos turned out to be strains characterized as genotype F isolated from the chicken oviduct and strains of genotype C isolated from the respiratory tract. One strain of genotype H isolated from the respiratory tract showed no pathogenic effect on SPF chicken embryos. The study showed that infections with M. synoviae can have a significant impact on the production of chicken chicks in commercial hatcheries and the economy of the poultry industry.
From Qitāl to Difā’: The Meaning and Behavior of Jihad according to Jihadists in Semarang City
Authors: Lathifah Anthin
Published: October 2018

This paper describes the meaning and act of religion-based jihad according to some jihadists in Semarang city. Insisting that the real meaning of Jihad is qitāl (war, to fight) as said by the verse “La hukma Illa lillah” and hadith “faqtulū haythu wajadtumūhum” they, however, still propose another jihad called difā’ (defensive, to survive) for people who cannot meet the requirement of qitāl. The different act of jihad emerges because of its different factors behind such as social, economy, politics, psychology and others. The shift from qitāl to difā’ takes place by the process of humanizing the jihadists using: 1) personal approach by their morally closest men; 2) basic need approach such as economy, existency and peace; 3) religious approach by understanding that what they do is to fully adhere to Islam (kaffah); 4) emotional approach by caring and giving them empathy; 5) social approach by building solidarity to help their comrades.

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Artikel ini mendeskripsikan makna dan perilaku jihad dari para pelaku jihad berbasis agama di Kota Semarang. Makna jihad yang sebenarnya bagi mereka adalah qitāl sebagaimana ayat “la hukma illa lillah” dan hadits “faqtulū haythu wajadtumūhum”, namun jihad difā’ dapat dilakukan bagi yang tidak memenuhi syarat jihad qitāl. Perbedaan perilaku jihad terjadi karena perbedaan faktor yang melingkupinya, yakni faktor sosial, ekonomi, politik, psikologi dan lainnya. Perubahan perilaku jihad (qitāl) menjadi difā’ terjadi karena proses memanusiakan manusia yang dilakukan dengan: 1) pendekatan personil yang dilakukan oleh orang yang dekat secara moril; 2) pendekatan berbasis kebutuhan primer mereka baik ekonomi, eksistensi ataupun rasa aman; 3) pendekatan agama dilakukan dengan memahami apa yang mereka lakukan adalah dalam rangka melakukan Islam secara kaffah; 4) pendekatan emosional dengan memberi perhatian atau empati; 5) pendekatan sosial dengan membangun solidaritas untuk membantu teman-teman seperjuangannya.
Iḥyā’ al-Mawāt dalam Kerangka Hukum Pertanahan di Indonesia
Authors: Munif Ahmad
Published: October 2018

This paper gives a new conception of iḥyā’ al-mawāt. Iḥyā’ al-mawāt is an effort to revive, manage, and cultivate the land that has not been touched by human before, or has been managed but abandoned in a long time. Islam recommends that humans prosper the land (earth) mandated by God. In the classical fiqh study, iḥyā’ al-mawāt has implications for the acquisition of property rights on the land which is sought iḥyā’ al-mawāt and applies to all types of land. The fact is different from the provisions in the land law that applies in Indonesia. In Indonesia, every inch of land that is not in the name of private and customary rights, the land is a state land. So there is no land without a name. Although there are several types of state land that can be attempted to be managed by government permission. By doing descriptive analysis and comparison to the concept of iḥyā’ al-mawāt and land law in Indonesia, obtained two main conclusions. First, the land of al-mawāt in the framework of land law in Indonesia includes abandoned land, arising land, and reclaimed land. Against these three types of land, may be made iḥyā’ al-mawāt effort by permission of the government. Second, the implications of iḥyā’ al-mawāt in the framework of land law in Indonesia only on the right of utilization and management (ḥaq al-intifā'), not to the acquisition of ownership (al-tamlīk).

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Tulisan ini memberikan konsepsi baru atas iḥyā’ al-mawāt. Iḥyā’ al-mawāt merupakan upaya menghidupkan, mengelola, dan mengolah tanah yang tidak terjamah oleh manusia sebelumnya, atau pernah dikelola namun ditelantarkan dalam kurun waktu yang lama. Islam menganjurkan agar manusia memakmurkan tanah (bumi) yang diamanahkan oleh Tuhan. Dalam kajian fiqh klasik, iḥyā’ al-mawāt berimplikasi kepada pemerolehan hak milik atas tanah yang diupayakan iḥyā’ al-mawāt dan berlaku bagi segala jenis tanah. Kenyataan tersebut berbeda dengan ketentuan dalam hukum pertanahan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Di Indonesia, tiap jengkal tanah yang bukan atas nama pribadi dan hak ulayat, tanah tersebut merupakan tanah negara. Sehingga tidak ada tanah yang tanpa atas nama. Meskipun terdapat beberapa jenis tanah negara yang boleh dikelola atas seijin pemerintah. Dengan analisis deskriptif dan perbandingan terhadap konsep iḥyā’ al-mawāt dan hukum pertanahan di Indonesia, diperoleh dua kesimpulan utama. Pertama, tanah al-mawāt dalam kerangka hukum pertanahan di Indonesia meliputi tanah terlantar, tanah timbul, dan tanah reklamasi. Terhadap ketiga jenis tanah tersebut, boleh dilakukan upaya iḥyā’ al-mawāt atas seizin pemerintah. Kedua, implikasi iḥyā’ al-mawāt dalam kerangka hukum pertanahan di Indonesia hanya pada hak pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan (ḥaq al-intifā'), tidak sampai kepada pemerolehan kepemilikan (al-tamlīk).
Anterior Mandibular Segmental Distraction Osteogenesis: A Case Report
Authors: Starch-Jensen Thomas , Kjellerup Annette Dalgaard
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

Skeletal Angle Class I patients with a severe dental Class II malocclusion are characterized by an unfavourable anterior-posterior relationship between the anterior dentoalveolar area and the skeletal base. Orthodontic alignment posing various treatment difficulties and surgical correction with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy may result in a compromised facial profile. Hence, anterior mandibular segmental distraction osteogenesis has been proposed as an alternative treatment modality for solving facial esthetics, anterior tooth crowding and an unfavourable relationship between the anterior dentoalveolar area and the skeletal base in skeletal Angle Class I patients with a severe dental Class II malocclusion. Limited skeletal relapse with predictable soft tissue changes have been documented in long-term studies. Thus, anterior mandibular segmental distraction osteogenesis seems to be a valuable and predictable surgical method for correction of selected cases of skeletal Class I patients with a severe dental Class II malocclusion.

Case report:

The purpose of this case report is to present the treatment of a 57-year-old female with a skeletal Angle Class I relation and a severe dental Class II malocclusion. Anterior mandibular segmental distraction osteogenesis as well as discussing the current knowledge about this treatment modality.

Conclusion:

The present case report illustrates that establishment of a harmonious relationship between the maxillary and mandibular arch in patients with a skeletal Angle Class I relation and a severe dental Class II malocclusion using anterior mandibular segmental distraction osteogenesis seems to be a predictable and applicable surgical method for selected cases and General Dental Practitioners, orthodontics and maxillofacial surgeons must have knowledge of this treatment modality.
To Evaluate the Severity, Distribution of Occlusal Tooth Wear and its Correlation with Bite Force in Young North Indian Adults
Authors: Kumar Mandeep , Verma Rashmi , Bansal Mohit , Singh Sunint , Rehan Sharique , Kumar Virender , Simran Dr.
Published: October 2018

Aim:

To determine the severity and distribution of occlusal tooth wear among young North Indian adults and to evaluate the correlation of occlusal tooth wear with bite force.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 164 subjects were enrolled in the present study. Inclusion criteria included subjects with age range of 25-40 years having a full complement of natural dentition (excluding third molars), with no history of orthodontic treatment, FPD and trauma. Maxillary and mandibular casts of each subject were taken. Tooth wear score of anterior and posterior teeth of both the arches was calculated using a five-point (0 to 4) ordinal scoring system. The calculated tooth wear scores were then compared with data concerning age, sex, number of daily meals, vegetarian/non-vegetarian diet, Group function/Canine guided occlusion and bite force. Nonparametric (Mann-Whitney) test was used to determine the relationship between various factors and occlusal tooth wear. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between tooth wear and bite force.

Results:

After applying statistical analysis to the data collected, total tooth wear score of the whole sample was 30.07 ± 6.39. Anterior teeth had significantly higher wear score than posteriors (P < 0.01). Males showed significantly higher (P < 0.001) tooth wear in both arches factors such as bite force and age showed significant correlation with tooth wear (P=0.000), however, the number of meals taken per day did not show any significant correlation. Higher tooth wear loss was seen in non vegetarian dietary pattern but it was statistically insignificant. It was also found that Group function occlusion showed significantly higher mean tooth wear loss 45.76 ± 9.19 as compared to Canine guided occlusion 26.37 ± 10.68 (P=0.000).
Minimal Increase in Total Hip Arthroplasty Surgical Procedural Time with the Use of a Novel Surgical Navigation Tool
Authors: Christ Alexander , Ponzio Danielle , Pitta Michael , Carroll Kaitlin , Muir Jeffrey M. , Sculco Peter K.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Computer-assisted navigation has proven effective at improving the accuracy of component placement during Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA); however, the material costs, line-of-site issues and potential for significant time increases have limited their widespread use.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of an imageless navigation device on surgical time, when compared with standard mechanical guides.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data from 61 consecutive primary unilateral THA cases (posterior approach) performed by a single surgeon. Procedural time (incision to closure) for THA performed with (intervention) or without (control) a computer-assisted navigation system was compared. In the intervention group, the additional time associated with the use of the device was recorded. Mean times were compared using independent samples t-tests with statistical significance set a priori at p<0.05.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference between procedural time in the intervention and control groups (102.3±28.3 mins vs. 99.1±14.7 mins, p=0.60). The installation and use of the navigation device accounted for an average of 2.9 mins (SD: 1.6) per procedure, of which device-related setup performed prior to skin incision accounted for 1.1 mins (SD: 1.1) and intra-operative tasks accounted for 1.6 mins (SD: 1.2).

Conclusion:

In this series of 61 consecutive THAs performed by a single surgeon, the set-up and hands-on utilization of a novel surgical navigation tool required an additional 2.9 minutes per case. We suggest that the intraoperative benefits of this novel computer-assisted navigation platform outweigh the minimal operative time spent using this technology.
Exosome Biogenesis and Biological Function in Response to Viral Infections
Authors: Crenshaw Brennetta J. , Gu Linlin , Sims Brian , Matthews Qiana L.
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that originate as intraluminal vesicles during the process of multivescular body formation. Exosomes mediate intercellular transfer of functional proteins, lipids, and RNAs. The investigation into the formation and role of exosomes in viral infections is still being elucidated. Exosomes and several viruses share similar structural and molecular characteristics.

Explanation:

It has been documented that viral hijacking exploits the exosomal pathway and mimics cellular protein trafficking. Exosomes released from virus-infected cells contain a variety of viral and host cellular factors that are able to modify recipient host cell responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes are crucial components in the pathogenesis of virus infection. Exosomes also allow the host to produce effective immunity against pathogens by activating antiviral mechanisms and transporting antiviral factors between adjacent cells.

Conclusion:

Given the ever-growing roles and importance of exosomes in both host and pathogen response, this review will address the impact role of exosome biogenesis and composition after DNA, RNA virus, on Retrovirus infections. This review also will also address how exosomes can be used as therapeutic agents as well as a vaccine vehicles.
Computational Studies on Imidazo[1,2-a] Pyridine-3-Carboxamide Analogues as Antimycobacterial Agents: Common Pharmacophore Generation, Atom-based 3D-QSAR, Molecular dynamics Simulation, QikProp, Molecular Docking and Prime MMGBSA Approaches
Authors: Mali Suraj N. , Chaudhari Hemchandra K.
Published: October 2018

Background:

IMB-1402, Q203 and ND09759 analogs were found to have strong efficiency against Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)/Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) strains.

Objectives:

To know the structural necessities for imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide analogues, we intended to develop the ligand-based pharmacophore, Quantitative structure–activity relationship models(3D-QSAR model). We also performed Molecular docking, molecular simulation and Prime/Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (Prime/MM-GBSA) studies.

Methods:

All the studies like Common pharmacophore hypothesis generation, Atom based 3D-QSAR study, Prime MMGBSA, Docking, Qikprop, and Molecular dynamics simulation were processed using various modules incorporated within the maestro software interface from Schrodinger, LLC, New York USA (release 2017).

Results:

The common pharmacophore hypothesis(CPH) generation resulted in a five-featured hypothesis HHPRR, containing 1 positive, 2 hydrophobic and 2 aromatic rings. An Atom-based 3D-QSAR model was predicted for twenty seven training sets (a correlation coefficient i.e.R2= 0.9181,Standard deviation i.e.SD =0.3305, variance ratio i.e. F = 85.9) and eleven test sets (cross-validation correlation coefficient i.e.Q2 =0.6745, Root Mean Square Error i.e. RMSE = 0.65, Pearson R = 0.8427, P=1.21E-12) compounds employing alignment based on CPH. The dataset of thirty-eight molecules was allowed for docking into the active site of pantothenate synthetase (PDBID-3IVX) that shows H-bonding (Hydrogen bonding) interactions with residues Gly158, Met195, Pro38 and additionally shows further Pi-cation interactions with a residue like Hie47. We also obtained good simulation results for1.2ns study.

Conclusion:

From the results, the generated 3D-QSAR model may be applicable for additional designing of various novel potent derivatives in the future.
Double trouble: Numerous puzzles
Authors: Sprod Tim
Published: October 2018

Philip Cam’s Double Trouble can be found in his 1998 collection Twister, Quibbler, Puzzler, Cheat. This story is an especial favourite of mine, which I have used successfully with classes from mid-primary to senior secondary (and with adults).This paper consists of two parts: the story in full; and an exploration of the philosophical background to many of the ideas contained in the story, including some references to discussions of the ideas in the philosophical tradition to support facilitators who use the story within a community of inquiry. I will consider three central issues in some detail, and four other emergent issues more briefly. In conclusion, I offer some more general thoughts as to how facilitators can prepare for using the story.
African Values in Global Ethics and the Emerging New World Order
Authors: Lajul Wilfred
Published: October 2018

Global ethics is the universal aspiration of the citizens of the world towards minimum common values, standards, and basic moral attitudes, shared by all for a better world order. While ethics is the rational justification of the principles of right and wrong. Contrary to the view that the emerging new world order is the intensification of international relations, globalization, or the advent of a cryptoclastic secretive world government conspiring to rule the world, this paper believes that the emerging new world order is a result of human effort to subjugate nature to the laws designed by human reason. It is the attempt of human beings to create themselves and their own laws. It is this effort to manipulate nature to give answers to human problems, which has produced the kind of modern technologies that has turned the world into a global village and made easier international relations. In this process, African traditional values will either be rejected as irrelevant, trans-valued to higher levels, or Africans are deemed to acquire some completely new values to regulate their affairs. However, contemporary society faces peril if it ignores some of these basic African values like, respect for life, the environment, and nature.
ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY FRAGMENTATION PATHWAYS OF SALTS OF SOME 1,2,4-TRIAZOLYLTHIOACETATE ACIDS, THE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS
Authors: Borys Varynskyi , Andriy Kaplaushenko , Vladymyr Parchenko
Published: October 2018

Objective: The goal of this research was to study fragmentation pathways of series salts of 1,2,4-triazolylthioacetate acids. Methods: The study was done in the Electrospray ionization source with single quadrupole mass spectrometer Agilent 6120 after elution through column Zorbax SB-C18, 30 mm × 4.6 mm, 1.8 μm at Agilent 1260 infinity high-performance liquid chromatography system. The series salts of 1,2,4-triazolylthioacetate acids were studied. These salts are active pharmaceutical ingredients of potential or registered pharmaceutical formulations. Results: The mass spectra of corresponding compounds have analyzed. The fragmentation patterns of these compounds decay have proposed. Conclusions: Studying the fragmentation of the indicated substances can be used for detecting the mentioned substances, as well as for confirming the structure of new compounds with the mass spectrum based on the patterns described above.
STEM CELLS: AN APPROACH FOR TREATMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Jatav Vinod Kumar , Sharma Sunita
Published: October 2018

The contribution of stem cells to control atherosclerosis progression and vascular remodeling after injury in humans is established; however, many details are still unknown. The success with stem cell therapies in the treatment of hematological disorders over the past four decades enhanced our understanding of the physiology of vascular remodeling and motivated towards regenerative medicine and therapeutic restoration of the damaged organ. Stem cells isolated from bone marrow are currently being tested for their therapeutic potential in a variety of clinical conditions including cardiovascular injury, kidney failure, cancer, neurological, and bone disorders. The main focus of this review paper is to reveal the role of different types of stem cells such as embryonic stem cell, adult stem cell, smooth muscle progenitor cells, endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells and find out possibility to use them for the treatment of atherosclerosis as well as to reduce atheroma formation.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STATINS IN ANIMAL MODEL OF ANXIETY IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: Vc Jyothsna , O Balaji , Chogtu Bharti
Published: October 2018

Objective: Pleiotropic mechanisms of statins have been explored in treating neurological disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder and depression. Hence, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of different statins in animal model of anxiety in Wistar rats.Methods: Sixty rats were divided into five groups of 6 rats each for each model. Two models were used, elevated plus maze and open-field model. Grouping is as follows: Group 1 - normal control (0.9% saline), Group 2 - alprazolam 0.5 mg/kg, Group 3 - atorvastatin 10 mg/kg, Group 4 - rosuvastatin 10 mg/kg, and Group 5 - pitavastatin 10 mg/kg. All drugs were given orally for 30 days.Results: In open-field model and in elevated plus maze, alprazolam, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and pitavastatin in comparison with control showed significant antianxiety effect (p<0.01 and p<0.001), respectively.Conclusion: Hence, further clinical trials can be done to see the effect of various statins on generalized anxiety disorder in comparison with standard antianxiety drugs.
NEUROCOGNITIVE STATUS IN INDONESIAN HIV-INFECTED REPRODUCTIVE WOMEN
Authors: Lumbanraja Sarma Nursani
Published: October 2018

Introduction: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) was emerging with the deficits inclusion of psychomotor, memory, attention, and verbal fluency. This situation could increase the burden of an HIV-positive subject in daily activities, either the economic or social burden. However, the cases were more likely isolated without exact prevalence data.Objective: This study aims to find the prevalence of HIV-HAND in Indonesia.Methods: This was an analytical research with cross-sectional design to assess neurocognitive status in reproductive age mothers who took regular ARVs for more than 6 months. Neurocognitive impairment in AIDS is diagnosed with the International HIV dementia scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0Results: In this study, no subjects were diagnosed with had neurocognitive impairment. Only 1 of 29 subjects (3.4%) with CD4>350/mm3 had slight psychomotor disorders.Conclusion: This study showed that no subject with HIV infection in had dementia or neurocognitive impairment.
THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MORINGA TEA AGAINST CYPERMETHRIN-INDUCED HEPATORENAL DYSFUNCTION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN FEMALE RATS
Authors: Mansour Sameeh A , Mohamed Reham I , Ali Amina R , Farrag Abdel-razik H
Published: October 2018

Objectives: Exposure to α-cypermethrin (α-CP) may yield reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is responsible for oxidative stress in mammals. A variety of antioxidants were used to alleviate α-CP-induced toxicity in experimental animals. To the best of our knowledge, there are no attempts of using Moringa oleifera L. (MO) plant extracts against α-CP-induced toxicity. Therefore, this study was conducted.Methods: A total of 16 adult female rats were segregated into equally four groups: One group administered α-CP orally at a dose of 0.05/mg kg bw/ day; and the second group was freely allowed to drink MO leaf extract (moringa tea [MOT]) + the α-CP dose. The other two groups represented negative and positive controls. The daily consumption of the solutions was estimated. At the end of experiments (28 day), all animals were subjected to the planned manifestations.Results: MOT has proved its palatability as drinking solution more than water. Compared with control results, the relative weights of liver and brain recorded significant increases, while that of kidney, heart, spleen, ovary, and lung decreased significantly. Furthermore, alterations in the architecture of the liver, kidney, and brain were observed. α-CP treatment induced high elevation of the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and malondialdehyde, while caused decline of butyrylcholinesterase, urea, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity levels. Coadministration of MOT restored biochemical and histopathological alterations caused by α-CP to a great extent.Conclusion: The present study introduces novel data on the protective effect of MO leaf extract against CP toxicity and sheds light on the palatability of “MOT” to rodents.
PREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF blaCTX-M-15-PRODUCING PATHOGENIC GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES
Authors: S Sindhuja , Bt Sureshkumar , S Janaki , S Thenmozhi
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and molecular characterization of blaCTX-M-15-producing pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria from various clinical samples isolated from clinically suspected patients.Methods: In this study, clinical samples of urine, stool, sputum, and pus were collected from 244 patients with nosocomial infections. The phenotypic identification of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) was confirmed by double-disk synergy test and combined disk diffusion test. In vitro, the susceptibility pattern of antimicrobial agents against pathogenic isolates was performed by Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The identification of blaCTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli was assessed by polymerase chain reaction method.Results: The frequency of ESBL-producing pathogenic bacteria from screened was 6 (46.15%). In vitro, susceptibility to pathogenic bacteria showed that the majority of isolates were highly susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (97.87%), ofloxacin (93.33%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed 100% sensitive to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefixime, cefoperazone, and meropenem (92.30%). The rates of resistance to other antibiotics varied from <26.66%. Among six tested isolates, only one E. coli isolates showed blaCTX-M-15 gene.Conclusion: Due to the increase of E. coli with multiple ESBL genes, continuous surveillance should be needed in clinical field to use of appropriate antibiotics and the control of infections.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF WATER, ETHYL ACETATE, AND N-HEXANE FRACTIONS FROM MISTLETOE MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. (DENDROPHTHOE PENTANDRA (L.) MIQ.)
Authors: Kristiningrum Nia , Wulandari Lestyo , Zuhriyah Aini
Published: October 2018

Objective: This study was to investigate the phytochemical screening, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity of fractions of water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane from Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. and mistletoe of Moringa oleifera Lam.Methods: Simplicia extracted with 96% ethanol using maceration method. Liquid-liquid extraction was used for fractionation with water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane as solvent. Phytochemical screening, determination of TPC, and antioxidant activity were performed against these fractions. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. The TPC was measured by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and use gallic acid (GA) as a standard.Results: Water fraction contains saponin and polyphenols. Ethyl acetate fraction contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and polyphenols. N-hexane fraction only contains alkaloids and terpenoids. The TPC and antioxidant activity of fractions of water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane were 9.42±1.16%, 21.35±1.86%, and 67.40±0.82% mg GA equivalent/g fraction and 29.46 μg/ml±0.99%, 7.08 μg/ml±0.39%, and 10.90 μg/ml±1.05%, respectively.Conclusion: Fraction of ethyl acetate exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and TPC. This study showed that there were significant correlations between TPC and antioxidant activity at significance level p<0.05.
IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL
Authors: Venkataraman Rajesh , Mathai Jeethu M , Thomas Linu , James Mathew
Published: October 2018

Objective: This study was designed to analyse the impact of demographic variables on blood pressure and glycaemic levels in patients with diabetes and hypertension.Methods: A community-based prospective observational study was conducted over a span of six months in the rural villages of Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya Dist, Karnataka.Results: Among 320 subjects, 285 patients had been enrolled in the study. The demographic variable such as age was found to be significantly correlated with random blood sugar and blood pressure level. Whereas gender was significantly correlated to the RBS level, while negatively correlated to blood pressure level. Even though the economic status was not significant, educational status was significant to both RBS and blood pressure level.Conclusion: This inquest portrayed that educational stature brings out an immense reverberation on glycemic and blood pressure control apart from other demographic variables. So this study confers an insight that, strategies for educating patients especially in rural areas thereby making them aware of long-term complications leads to augment overall health outcome.
THE EFFECT OF GAMBIER EXTRACT ON THE LEVELS OF MALONDIALDEHYDE, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE, AND BLOOD GLUCOSE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS
Authors: Sari Pane Yunita , Ganie Ratna Akbari , Lindarto Dharma , Lelo Aznan
Published: October 2018

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a disease associated with dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells and oxidative stress. A treatment which can reduce the impact of oxidative stress may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of gambier extract on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and blood glucose level (BGL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: This research was a randomized clinical study consisted of two groups, namely placebo group (n=10) and gambier group (n=6). The blood samples were collected from the vein after fasting overnight and before consuming 100 g white bread to measure the levels of MDA, SOD, and BGL. The same procedure was conducted after fasting and 2-h postprandial on day 1 and day 14. The data obtained were analyzed with Student’s t-test with a statistical significance level of p<0.05.Results: The results showed that there was no change in MDA levels in the placebo group during the observation, but there was a significant decrease in MDA levels in the gambier group on day 14. In contrast, SOD levels increased in all measurements although there was no change on day 1 in the placebo group. The present study also found a significant increase of BGLs after consuming 100 g bread in both groups, but less BGL elevation in the gambier group.Conclusion: It is concluded that gambier extract has special mechanisms in the treatment of T2DM as an antioxidant and BGLs reduction.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LIPSTICKS CONTAINING NEPHELIUM LAPPACEUM SEED FAT AND OTHER NATURAL INGREDIENTS
Authors: Dash Gouri Kumar , Majeed Shahnaz , Zubir Norsyazwani Qayyum Binti Mohd
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate lipsticks containing seed fat of Nephelium lappaceum L. and offer a new prototype of lipstick formulation containing 100% natural ingredients.Methods: Extraction of the seed fat from N. lappaceum was performed using petroleum ether (40–60°C) as the solvent. The coloring matter was obtained by extraction from the shade-dried rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa), fruits of sweet paprika (Capsicum annuum), and roots of carrot (Daucus carota) using suitable non-polar solvents. Different formulations were prepared using varying concentrations of N. lappaceum seed fat and beeswax and carrot extract as the main ingredients. The composition that showed optimum consistency and characteristics (Table 1) of a lipstick was finally chosen to prepare lipsticks with different shades. The formulated lipsticks were evaluated using recommended procedures.Results: Our results revealed that the prepared formulation was good enough to meet the general characteristics for ideal lipsticks. The seed fat of N. lappaceum contributed sufficient hardness and luster to the preparations, thus serving as an ingredient in the preparation of lipsticks.Conclusion: The seed fat of N. lappaceum is reported to be edible and compatible with other cosmetic ingredients. In the present study, we have used the seed fat in the lipstick base for the 1st time and attempted to offer a new prototype of lipstick formulation containing 100% natural ingredients. This may serve as a guideline to use natural products in lipstick formulations so as to avoid toxic effects of harmful chemicals otherwise used in synthetic lipsticks.
STANDARDIZATION OF SNOWDROP (GALANTHUS L.) HERBAL PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES BY UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Authors: Bokov Dmitry Olegovich
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the electronic ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra of herbal pharmaceutical substances (70% ethanol extracts) prepared from medicinal plant material of two snowdrop species – Galanthus woronowii Losinsk and Galanthus nivalis L.Methods: The groups of biologically active substances were investigated by UV-spectrophotometry including special sample preparation for flavonoids and alkaloids.Results: In the present study, data were obtained characterizing the composition of the main biologically active compounds of the genus Galanthus L., received its “spectrophotometric profiles.” On the basis of spectral characteristics of G. woronowii and G. nivalis flavonoids and alkaloids, we confirm feasibility for using galantamine, lycorine, quercetin, and its glycosides (hyperoside et al.) state standard samples in standardization analysis.Conclusion: It is shown that this method can be used to assess the quality of herbal pharmaceutical substances, serve to prove their identity in pharmacopoeial monograph.
FORMULATION OF NANOPARTICLES OF EPROSARTAN MESYLATE FOR THE BETTER DRUG DELIVERY BY IMPROVING SOLUBILITY
Authors: Yadav Upasana , Husain Nuzhat , Rehman Qamar
Published: October 2018

Objective: In the present study, we have made an attempt to the developed formulation of nanoparticles (NPs) of eprosartan mesylate (EM) incorporated in carboxymethyl chitosan using reverse micelle technique for the better drug delivery by improving solubility.Methods: The NPs size and morphology were investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The physical and chemical aggregation state of eprosartan was analyzed using ultraviolet spectroscopy, and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy.Results: To increase the solubility of eprosartan by reverse micelle technique of the drug through polymeric NPs is an alternative efficient, option for increasing the solubility. Eprosartan nanosuspension was successfully formulated for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement of the drug. The percentage drug release pattern of both formulations was compared against that of pure drug. It shows that in 10 min 39% and 17% of drug was released from the NPs made by RM method and microemulsion method, respectively, as compared to that of 1.3% of the pure drug. In 50 min almost more than half 51% of the drug was released from NPs by microemulsion method whereas only 2.5% of the drug was released from NPs containing the pure drug. In 120 min 67% of the drug was released from NPs by microemulsion method whereas only 5.8% of drug release was shown by NPs with the pure drug. We are paying attention on evaluating the influence of particle size and crystalline state on the in vitro performance of eprosartan.Conclusion: In summary, we have developed a new approach toward the delivery of poorly water-soluble drug eprosartan by reverse micellar method. The particle size of NPs obtained by the reverse micellar method was significantly reduced as compared to the other method.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF NEW N-PHENYLCINNAMAMIDE DERIVATIVES LINKED TO ASPIRIN AND IBUPROFEN
Authors: Alwash Ameer H , Mahdi Alaa M , Al-karagully Haider J
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to synthesize phenylcinnamamide (substituted acetanilide chalcone) derivatives linked to aspirin and ibuprofen with potential antibacterial and antifungal activity.Methods: Substituted acetanilide compounds were reacted with different arylaldehydes through Claisen-Schmidt condensation in the presence of KOH. They formed differently substituted acetanilide chalcones (1a-e) which are linked to aspirin and ibuprofen through an ester linkage to form compounds (2a-j) using ethyl chloroformate (ECF) as a catalyst.Results: The synthesized compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared and1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. An antibacterial evaluation was achieved for Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and antifungal for Candida albicans.Conclusion: Compounds (2a-j) have shown intermediate antimicrobial activity against different strains of microorganisms.
IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND CYTOTOXICITY OF CRINUM X AMABILE GROWN IN ECUADOR
Authors: Diego Vinueza , Santiago Portero , Gisela Pilco , Marlene GarcÍa , Karen Acosta , Susana Abdo
Published: October 2018

Objective: The aim of this research was to assess the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of the methanolic extract and total alkaloid extract obtained from leaves and bulbs of Crinum x amabile (CA) growing in Ecuador.Methods: Methanolic extracts of dry powered leaves and bulbs of CA obtained by cold maceration method were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. Total alkaloid extracts of leaves and bulbs of CA were obtained by conventional extraction of alkaloids base with an organic solvent. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of the four extracts were investigated by in vitro isolated neutrophils model using stable tetrazolium salt (WST-1).Results: Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extracts revealed the major classes of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, and steroids, but no proteins or saponins could be detected on leaves extract. Extracts obtained from bulbs both methanolic and total alkaloids of CA show an interesting anti-inflammatory activity, although it was not significant compared to the standard anti-inflammatory drug, aspirin. Cytotoxicity of bulb alkaloid extract was lower compared with all of the other extracts.Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it could be concluded that CA is a very interesting source of natural anti-inflammatory compounds (especially alkaloids) which could be used to prevent many chronic disorders. Further, phytochemical studies are necessary to identify the chemical compounds responsible for the significant anti-inflammatory activity showed.
ASSESSMENT OF CARDIAC FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA TREATED WITH IMATINIB AT THE NATIONAL CENTER OF HEMATOLOGY
Authors: Ym Taher , Aa Ahmed , Ha Fawzi , N Shalaan , Af Alwan
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective was to study the assessment of the possible cardiotoxic effect of imatinib using echocardiography.Methods: Prospective study included 50 patients that treated at the National Hematology Center of Al-Mustansiriya University from May 2008 to December 2009, echocardiography was used to measure the cardiac ejection fraction accurately, indices of ventricular ejection and relaxation and measurement of left ventricular internal diameter in diastole and (LVIDd) at baseline and after 12 months.Results: 24 (41%) were men and 26 (59%) were women. Their ages ranged from 18 to 74 years, with a median age of 36.8 years. At baseline, mean EF was 0.63±0.057 and after 12 months; mean EF was 0.64±0.068 (p>0.05). Mean peak emptying rate at baseline was 3.23±0.5 ED/s, and after 1 year was 3.21±0.5 ED/s (p>0.05). Time to peak filling rate at baseline was 144±26 ms, and after 1 year was 143±25 ms (p>0.05). There is a significant inverse trend for both LVIDd and LVID in systole (LVIDs) reduced as age increase; the female had significantly lower LVIDd and LVIDs compared to male.Conclusion: We find no evidence of significant impairment in cardiac function over 12 months of imatinib treatment. Advancing age associated with reduced cardiac performance for patients receiving imatinib.