bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Higher atherogenic index of plasma is associated with increased major depressive disorder: insights from a nationally representative study
Authors: Tao Shiyi , Yu Lintong , Li Jun , Huang Xuanchun , Xue Tiantian , Yang Deshuang , Tan Yuqing
Published: October 2024

Background

Emerging studies reveal a shared pathophysiological underpinning for metabolic problems and mental illnesses. The present study aimed to determine the association between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods

7,951 subjects of US adults were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018. MDD was evaluated through the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Multivariate logistic regression, sensitivity analysis, and spline smoothing plot method were used to identify the relationship between AIP and MDD. The cut-off point was calculated using recursive partitioning analysis when segmenting effects emerged. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow test were conducted to evaluate the performance of AIP in identifying MDD. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were used to explore whether the association was stable in different populations.

Results

A positive correlation between AIP and PHQ-9 score and MDD was both observed in 7,951 subjects included in the study, with a significant threshold of -0.42 determined using recursive partitioning analysis. In the fully adjusted model, a positive association between AIP and PHQ-9 score and MDD was observed (β=0.46, 95% CI 0.14~0.78; OR=1.42, 95% CI 1.04~1.93). Individuals in the highest AIP quartile had a 0.39-unit higher PHQ-9 score (β=0.39, 95% CI 0.12~0.66) and a significantly 33% greater risk of MDD than those in the lowest AIP quartile (OR=1.33, 95% CI 1.02~1.73). Spline smoothing plot analysis further confirmed the positive and non-linear association between AIP and PHQ-9 and MDD. ROC analysis (AUC=0.771) and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (χ2 = 14.239, P=0.076) suggested an excellent performance and goodness-of-fit of the relatively optimal model. DCA and CIC analysis also revealed a favorable overall net benefit and clinical impact of the model. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests revealed that the association between AIP and PHQ-9 score and MDD remained consistent across different subgroups and was not modified by other covariates, and this positive correlation was more pronounced in those with diabetes or hypertension.

Conclusion

An elevated AIP is linked to a higher chance of MDD, especially in those with diabetes or hypertension. Resolving dyslipidemia and managing comorbidities may help reduce the likelihood of developing MDD.
The association between borderline personality disorder, childhood trauma, neuroticism, and self-rated or clinician-rated functional impairment in euthymic bipolar disorder-1 patients
Authors: Aydın Esat Fahri , Koca Laçin Tuğba
Published: October 2024

Introduction

In this study, we mainly evaluated the associations of borderline personality disorder (BPD), neuroticism, and childhood trauma with the self-rated and clinician-rated overall functional impairment levels of adult euthymic patients with bipolar disorder-1 (BD-1). In addition, we compared patient and healthy control groups regarding the levels of of childhood trauma, neuroticism, BPD and functional impairment.

Methods

In total, 90 euthymic BD-1 patients and 90 healthy controls were enrolled. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form, the neuroticism subscale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised–Abbreviated Form, the Borderline Personality Questionnaire, the Functioning Assessment Short Test, and the Sheehan Disability Scale were administered to the participants.

Results

The study revealed that the levels of BPD, neuroticism, emotional abuse, physical abuse, global childhood trauma, self-rated overall functional impairment, all the subdomains of self-rated functional impairment, clinician-rated overall functional impairment, and all the subdomains of clinician-rated functional impairment (except leisure time) were significantly higher in the patients than those in the healthy controls (p < 0.05). Clinician-rated functional impairment levels were significantly correlated with levels of BPD (r = 0.555, p<0.001), neuroticism (r = 0.429, p < 0.001), global childhood trauma (r = 0.391, p <0.001), and all subtypes of childhood trauma except sexual abuse. Self-rated functional impairment levels were significantly correlated with levels of neuroticism (r= 0.289, p = 0.006), physical neglect (r = 0.213, p = 0.044), and BPD (r = 0.557, p < 0.001). In the regression analyses, the self-rated overall functional impairment levels were only significantly associated with the BPD feature levels (β = 0.319, p < 0.001) and the clinician-rated overall functional impairment levels were only significantly associated with the BPD feature levels (β = 0.518, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The present study’s findings suggest that BPD features should be addressed in psychosocial interventions aimed at ameliorating functional impairment in patients with BD-1. Only BPD features were associated with self-rated and clinician-rated overall functional impairment levels in the regression analyses in the BD-1 patients. Performing self-rated and clinician-rated functional impairment assessments in the same clinical trial may give rise to relevant findings in the future.
HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes toward people living with HIV among college students in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Li Hualing , Wu Qi , Gao Enze , Zhang Ying , Yin Dehui
Published: October 2024

Background

In the contemporary landscape, college students have emerged as a demographic increasingly vulnerable to AIDS. Recognizing that heightened awareness and progressive attitudes toward HIV are pivotal in its prevention, this study was conceived with the intent to meticulously evaluate the level of HIV understanding amongst college students, gauge their sentiments toward people living with HIV (PLHIV), and scrutinize factors influencing these perceptions.

Method

This study used an anonymous online questionnaire to collect data through a cross-sectional survey. The sample size for the survey was 4,193 students from four colleges and universities in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, covering a variety of demographic characteristics. The survey focused on students’ level of knowledge related to HIV and their attitudes toward PLHIV. The study used descriptive statistics to describe the demographic characteristics of the sample, chi-square tests to examine differences within categorical variables, and logistic regression to investigate the associations between knowledge levels and attitudes.

Results

A total of 4,193 university students were surveyed, among whom the majority (96.85%) demonstrated a high level of knowledge related to AIDS. Moreover, 55.52% of the participants reported positive attitudes toward individuals with AIDS. The multiple regression analysis revealed that female students (OR = 0.49, p < 0.001), those enrolled in medical programs (OR = 1.56, p = 0.014), students of Han Chinese ethnicity (OR = 2.46, p = 0.009), and individuals with fewer romantic involvements (OR = 1.57, p < 0.001) possess greater HIV/AIDS awareness. Moreover, lower grade levels (OR = 1.12, p < 0.001), reduced monthly living costs (OR = 1.14, p = 0.014), lack of sexual experience (OR = 0.75, p = 0.015), and a higher degree of HIV/AIDS knowledge (OR = 1.617, p = 0.007) were positively correlated with supportive attitudes toward PLHIV.

Conclusion

Overall, the awareness rate of college students in Xuzhou City about HIV/AIDS infection awareness is high. However, only about half of the university students have positive attitudes toward PLHIV. In order to ensure that a thorough understanding of HIV/AIDS is matched by positive attitudes, it is important to implement targeted educational measures aimed at bridging the gap between knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS in order to develop a more informed and empathetic student body.
Association of per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances/heavy metals and bone health in children and adolescents
Authors: Wei Yumeng , Zhang Yuxiao , Ji Qiaoyun , Yang Sufei , Yang Fan
Published: October 2024

Background

Research on the correlation between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs)/heavy metals and bone health during childhood and adolescence is limited. Considering their role as endocrine disruptors, we examined relationships of six PFASs and three heavy metals with bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents using representative samples from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods

The study included 622 participants aged 12–19. The relationship between single pollutant and lumbar spine and total BMD was studied using linear regression analyses. Additionally, Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models were applied to assess the joint effects of multiple PFASs and heavy metals exposure on the lumbar spine and total BMD.

Results

Statistically significant differences were noted in the serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), blood lead (Pb), and blood manganese (Mn) between male and female participants (all p < 0.05). Single-exposure studies have shown that Mn was negatively correlated with lumbar spine BMD and total BMD. Multivariate linear regression models revealed that, in the male group, total bone density decreased as the blood PFOA levels [95% CI = (−0.031, −0.001), p = 0.040] and blood manganese levels [95% CI = (−0.009, −0.002), p = 0.004] increased. Similarly, lumbar spine bone density decreased as the blood manganese levels [95% CI = (−0.011, −0.002), p = 0.009] increased. In the female group, total bone density decreased as the serum PFNA levels [95% CI = (−0.039, 0.000), p = 0.048] increased. As shown in the BKMR model, the joint effects of pollutant mixtures, including Mn, were negatively associated with both the lumbar spine and total BMD. Among the pollutants analyzed, Mn appeared to be the primary contributor to this negative association.

Conclusion

This study suggests that exposure to certain PFASs and heavy metals may be associated with poor bone health. Childhood and adolescence are crucial stages for bone development, and improper exposure to PFASs and heavy metals during these stages could potentially jeopardize future bone health, consequently raising the risk of osteoporosis in adulthood.
Coupling coordination degree and influencing factors of forestry modernization and high quality economic development: an empirical study from provincial panel in China
Authors: Zhou Chao , Wan Shenwei , Liu Jia , Ma Ye , Zheng Hongling , Chen Song
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Forestry modernization (FM)1 and High quality economic development (HED)2 are two major goals that must be achieved in the process of economic development from low to high, and they are closely related to each other in their respective internal development mechanisms.

Methods

Based on the analysis of the coupling coordination mechanism between FM and HED, this paper empirically studies the coupling coordination degree and influencing factors of “forestry modernization and high quality economic development”3 (“FM-HED”) using panel data from 30 provinces and cities in China (except Xizang, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) from 2012 to 2020. First, the entropy method and the coupling coordination degree model were used to analyze the temporal changes and spatial differentiation of the coupling coordination between FM and HED. Second, the Tobit model is used to find out the factors affecting the coupling coordination degree of FM and HED.

Results

The following conclusions are obtained: (1) The coupling coordination degree of the “FM-HED” system increased rapidly in the early stage and slowly increased in the later period from 2012 to 2020. (2) The level of FM and HED in China in 2012 was obviously unbalanced and insufficient, the coupling coordination degree between the eastern and western provinces and cities was improved in 2015, and the imbalance between regions was alleviated, and the difference in the coupling coordination degree between coastal provinces and cities and inland provinces and cities in 2020 was prominent, and the coastal areas were significantly better than the inland areas. (3) From the national level, the intensity of R&D investment and the burden of the older adult population have a significant effect on the coupling and coordinated development of the two systems. From the perspective of the four regions, the role of R&D investment intensity is reflected in Northeast China and Central China. The role of labor force level is reflected in East China, Northeast China and Northwest China. The role of industrial agglomeration is reflected in Northeast China. The role of the burden of the older adult population is reflected in Northeast China. The role of government intervention is reflected in East China and Northeast China. Accordingly, this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions to better promote the coupling and coordinated development of FM and HED.
The school as an arena for mental health work: exploring the perspectives of frontline professionals on mental health work in Norwegian schools
Authors: Berg Anita , Appoh Lily , Ørjasæter Kristin B.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Children and adolescents are increasingly facing mental health problems. Schools play a crucial role in promoting mental health, as they provide a unique setting where children interact with adults outside their homes.

Methods

This paper explores mental health work in Norwegian schools from the perspective of frontline professionals namely, class teachers, social workers, and public health nurses. We conducted four focus group interviews involving 22 of these professionals from nine primary and secondary schools.

Results

The school professionals view mental health work as an integral part of the school's mission and associate their work with promoting mental wellbeing, strengthening self-esteem, and building resilience among pupils. The professionals noted an expansion in their roles and an increase in expectations to undertake mental health work, even though it is not formally part of their job descriptions. Additionally, they play varied and complementary roles in supporting the pupils' mental health daily. As school professionals, they strive to balance universal health promotion with providing individualized mental health care.

Discussion

These results call for coordinated efforts and interdisciplinary collaboration within the school and discussion regarding the school's role in mental health care for children and adolescents.
The effect of school lockdown on well-being and self-esteem of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary
Authors: Major David , Falus Márton , Árva Dorottya , Eorsi Daniel , Terebessy András , Tabak Adam G. , Fazekas-Pongor Vince
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic affected adolescents’ mental health diversely.

Methods

Our objective was to examine the one-year change in well-being (WHO-5 well-being index) and self-esteem (Rosenberg self-esteem scale) among secondary school students affected by school lockdown (lockdown group) compared to control students unaffected by the pandemic (pre-pandemic group), utilizing data from a longitudinal survey study conducted in Hungary. We used linear mixed models stratified by sex and adjusted for family structure and family communication.

Results

Two hundred twenty seven pre-pandemic (128 girls, 99 boys) and 240 lockdown (118 girls, 122 boys) students were included. Both boys’ and girls’ well-being declined in the pre-pandemic group but remained stable in the lockdown group. Post-hoc analyses on WHO-5 items revealed that the pre-pandemic and lockdown groups differed significantly on Item 4 (waking up feeling fresh and relaxed). Boys’ self-esteem did not change over the observation period in neither groups. As for girls, self-esteem of girls during lockdown increased over the observation period, while it did not change in the pre-pandemic group. Better family communication was consistently associated with higher well-being and self-esteem scores for both sexes.

Discussion

Our results suggested that students may have benefitted from altered academic circumstances due to lockdown (e.g., more sleep) and students struggling with waking up early benefitted the most from lockdown (as shown in our post hoc analysis). Additionally, our results also indicate that families should be involved in mental health promotion interventions, especially in time of adversities. This study underscores the multifaceted effects of pandemic-related factors on adolescent mental health and highlights the need to also investigate the unexpected benefits of pandemic-related restrictions to incorporate this knowledge in health promotion programs targeting the well-being of students.
Knowledge of reproductive rights and associated factors among Oda Bultum University students, eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Hussen Amedin Mohammed , Usso Ahmedin Aliyi , Agero Gebi , Desalegn Tewodros , Adem Hassen Abdi , Yuya Mohammed , Eyeberu Addis , Sani Adnan Abrahim
Published: October 2024

Background

Reproductive rights are an essential element of public health interventions to reduce adolescent and youth mortality and morbidity. A lack of knowledge about sexual and reproductive health is an important barrier that contributes to a variety of health and social issues. This study assessed the knowledge of reproductive rights among Oda Bultum University students, eastern Ethiopia.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 727 students from December 1 to 30, 2020. Participants were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered, pre-tested, and structured questionnaire. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 27. The study employed both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine the variables associated with knowledge regarding reproductive rights. The significance and degree of strength were declared at a p-value < 0.05 using an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval.

Results

The overall knowledge of reproductive rights among university students was 47.2% (95% CI: 43.3%, 50.9%). Male gender (AOR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.50, 2.97), urban residence (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.28), formal maternal education (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.62, 3.17), participation in a sexual and reproductive health club (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.74, 4.10), utilization of sexual and reproductive health services (AOR = 6.29, 95% CI: 4.22, 9.36), and discussion about sexual and reproductive health issues (AOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.30) were the factors that improved the knowledge of reproductive rights.

Conclusions

Almost half of the university students know about reproductive rights. Various factors identified were associated with the knowledge of reproductive rights among university students, including gender, residence, parental education level, engagement in sexual and reproductive health clubs, utilization of sexual and reproductive health services, and discussions about sexual and reproductive issues. Healthcare professionals at all levels should concentrate on offering excellent services related to reproductive health and establishing programs for specific education and counseling on reproductive rights for all well-behaved students.
Mitigating risks and breaking barriers, energy supply contracting in multifamily houses: an ecosystem perspective
Authors: Zapata Riveros Juliana , Gallati Justus , Ulli-Beer Silvia
Published: October 2024

Introduction

In Switzerland, heating accounts for 70% of a building’s energy consumption, mostly fueled by fossil sources. Recently, cantonal regulations have mandated the use of renewable energy in heating, making heat pumps more significant. This study examines how public and private actors can create or transform a business ecosystem to facilitate heat pump adoption in multi-family houses and which business models, resources, and activities are most effective to support this transformation.

Methods

We conducted a literature review and 13 semi-structured interviews with experts in heat pumps and contracting business models. The interviews were analyzed using an ecosystem framework.

Results

Our findings revealed three primary barriers to the adoption of heat pumps in MFHs: technical challenges, lack of expertise, and regulatory issues. In terms of contracting business models, high transaction costs and customer acceptance are significant obstacles. Additionally, we discovered that in Switzerland, contracting is predominantly offered by public-oriented organizations with ready access to capital.

Discussion

The study emphasizes the necessity for collaboration among various actors to facilitate the implementation of contracting solutions with the goal of accelerating the adoption of heat pumps in multifamily housing. Key activities include generating the necessary expertise and standardizing large heat pumps in MFHs, central government efforts to harmonize and facilitate HP regulations across cantons, as well as active communication and sensitization of building owners and users.
Single center experience with ABO-incompatible and ABO-compatible pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Rosenthal L. Lily , Spickermann Tabea Katharina , Ulrich Sarah Marie , Dalla Pozza Robert , Netz Heinrich , Haas Nikolaus A. , Schramm René , Schmoeckel Michael , Hagl Christian , Hörer Jürgen , Michel Sebastian , Grinninger Carola
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The aim of this study was to analyze the results after pediatric heart transplantation (pHTx) at our single center differentiating between ABO-incompatible (ABOi) and -compatible (ABOc) procedures.

Methods and patients

We retrospectively analyzed outcomes of ABO-incompatible HTx procedures performed at our center and compared the data to ABO-compatible HTx of the same era. Eighteen children (<17 months) underwent pediatric HTx and seven of them underwent ABO-incompatible HTx between 2003 and 2015.

Results

Mechanical circulatory support as bridge to transplant was necessary in 3/7 patients before ABO-incompatible HTx and in 3/11 patients before ABO-compatible HTx. Mean waiting time on the list was 36 ± 30 days for ABO-incompatible HTx and 86 ± 65 days for ABO-compatible HTx. The 5-years re-transplant free survival was 86% following ABO-incompatible and 91% after ABO-compatible. In the cohort undergoing ABO-incompatible HTx, 2 patients showed an acute cellular rejection, while early graft failure was not observed. In the cohort undergoing ABOcompatible HTx, acute cellular rejection was observed in 9/11 patients, with early graft failure occurring in nine and CVP in two. A total of ten children were listed for ABO-incompatible HTx after 2015; however, all ten underwent an ABO-compatible transplantation.

Discussion

This study adds much needed information to the literature on ABOi-HTx by showing with a retrospective single center analysis that it is safe and leads to shorter waiting times. We conclude that strategies for ABOi-HTx should be elaborated further, potentially allowing more timely transplantation and thereby preventing waiting list complications such as the need for mechanical circulatory support and even death.
Sediment release of nutrients and metals from two contrasting eutrophic California reservoirs under oxic, hypoxic and anoxic conditions
Authors: Defeo Shelby , Beutel Marc W. , Rodal-Morales Naivy , Singer Maia
Published: October 2024

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) degrade water quality through the production of potent toxins that pose critical management challenges, especially in water-scarce regions. This study examined how dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions at the sediment–water interface in reservoirs in Southern California, United States, affect internal nutrient loading, which can promote HABs through the release of nutrients and metals from sediment to overlaying water. Replicate 2-liter laboratory chamber experiments with minimally disturbed sediment and bottom water from shallow, hypereutrophic Lake Henshaw and moderately deep, meso-eutrophic Lake Wohlford were conducted at ~25°C for ~30 days under oxic (~ 8 mg/L DO), hypoxic (< 2 mg/L DO), and anoxic (0 mg/L DO) conditions. Anoxic conditions in Lake Henshaw chambers resulted in elevated fluxes of ammonia (366 mg-N/m2·d) and soluble reactive phosphorus (122 mg-P/m2·d) from sediment, while hypoxic conditions promoted the flux of manganese (14.9 mg/m2·d), iron (3.3 mg/m2·d), and some SRP (44 mg-P/m2·d). In Lake Wohlford, anoxic conditions resulted in sediment release of ammonia (82 mg-N/m2·d), soluble reactive phosphorus (67 mg-P/m2·d), manganese (24 mg/m2·d) and iron (1.9 mg/m2·d). Under oxic and hypoxic conditions, Lake Henshaw sediments exhibited some release of ammonia and soluble reactive phosphorus, while Lake Wohlford sediments exhibited negligible release. After adjusting for temperature, Lake Wohlford anoxic fluxes of ammonia and soluble reactive phosphorus appear consistent with other eutrophic systems (4–60 mg-N/m2⋅d and 10–53 mg-P/m2⋅d), while Lake Henshaw anoxic fluxes appear rather extreme. Results from Lake Henshaw suggest that different nitrogen to phosphorus ratios were released from sediment to overlaying water under hypoxia (very low ratio plus iron) versus anoxia (low ratio with high nutrient levels). This in turn could affect phytoplankton community composition and toxin production. Results are being used to help inform management strategies, such as dissolved oxygen or sediment amendments, to control internal nutrient loading and reduce HAB toxin production.
The effects of a land-based warm-up and accompanying passive heat retention on core body temperature, hormones, and subsequent performance in elite surfers
Authors: Cook Christian J. , Serpell Benjamin G. , Hanna Lauren J.
Published: October 2024

Surfing is a high participation sport, yet little sport science research exists regarding competitive performance in surfing. Given surfing's inclusion as an Olympic sport from the 2020 Tokyo Olympics onwards, an examination of performance would seem useful. In numerous land-based sports, and in swimming, the importance of a warm-up and muscle heat is well documented. However, surfing is a unique sport in that it is undertaken both above and below water. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a warm-up in terms of readiness to perform in surfing. We discuss this in the context of thermal regulation, hormone profile change, and the subsequent expression of “power” on waves—a key criteria that surfers are scored for. Nineteen advanced level surfers (i.e., competitive at just below national level in Australia; n = 15 males and n = 4 females) with mean (±SD) age, height, and weight of 24.5 ± 11.6 years, 174.7 ± 9.1 cm, and 67.7 ± 10.2 kg, respectively, were recruited. We adopted a repeated measures pre- and post-design whereby participants engaged in several simulated surfing competitions in an artificial wave pool; once after an active warm-up combined with a passive heat retention strategy (i.e., wrapping themselves in survival blankets—treatment), and once after no warm-up (control). Saliva samples were collected pre- and post-active warm-up, or at equivalent times under control conditions, for the measurement of testosterone and cortisol. Increases in these hormones have previously been associated with an enhanced readiness to compete. Our results demonstrate a clear thermoregulatory benefit from the treatment, with the participants’ core body temperatures typically higher from the end of the warm-up to the end of the surf session following treatment (p ≤ 0.03), and a magnitude of increase in core body temperature once in the water that is greater following treatment (p = 0.01). A small magnitude upward change in testosterone (p = 0.01) and cortisol (p ≤ 0.001) following warm-up was also observed. Finally, warm-up was associated with an improved wave performance compared with the control, with a 20% increase in the performance score typically observed (p ≤ 0.01). We argue that the improved thermal profile may have influenced power and, as such, surfing performance was enhanced.
Psychiatric risk factors in Formula One and the importance of integrating mental health into driver science
Authors: Colangelo Jill , Smith Alexander , Keay Nicky , Buadze Ana , Liebrenz Michael
Published: October 2024

Formula One (F1) racing has recently grown in popularity, extending well beyond its traditional European roots. However, there has been a paucity of scholarly research dedicated to the health of drivers and even less discussion of the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms, risk factors, and types of psychopathology in F1. This is notable given advancements in sports psychiatry and evidence of psychiatric disorders emerging across other sports. Accordingly, this perspective paper details the physiological conditions in F1 and the socioenvironmental pressures that a driver may encounter during their career, including heat stress, weight restrictions, harassment, and other factors. These extreme physiological and psychological stressors, both in racing and non-racing environments, alongside sport-specific psychosocial pressures, may cause HPA axis dysregulation and other issues in drivers, heightening vulnerabilities for mental health concerns. Additionally, F1 is still affected by stigmatizing attitudes and regressive sociocultural norms, which could inhibit progress toward promoting sustainable wellbeing. Consequently, drivers may be at risk for mental disorder and a decrease in overall health and wellbeing. Against this background, we thereby recommend mental health programs and regulatory actions that could better address these challenges and promote mental wellbeing across F1.
Analysis of factors associated with postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with urine culture-positive stone lithotripsy
Authors: Li Xinwei , Zhang Yuanpeng , Ruan Hailong , Zhang Xiaoping , Liu Lei
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a significant postoperative complication following lithotripsy, particularly in patients with positive urine cultures. Understanding the factors that contribute to the development of SIRS in these patients is crucial for improving clinical outcomes and reducing morbidity.

Materials and methods

From 2022 to 2023, patients with preoperative positive urine culture who underwent minimally invasive uroscopic lithotripsy in Wuhan Union Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

A total of 393 patients with positive urine cultures underwent endoscopic lithotripsy, and 13.2% (52/393) were diagnosed with SIRS by relevant indicators after surgery. Multivariate logistic regression was used to study the risk factors for the occurrence of SIRS in patients postoperatively, which were preoperative positive WBC in urinalysis (OR = 5.685, p = 0.0051) and postoperative hemoglobin drop of greater than 5 g/L (OR = 2.180, p = 0.0145). Notably, preoperative upper urinary tract drainage was found to be a protective factor (OR = 0.4029, p = 0.0302), and postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) value (OR = 1.025, p < 0.0001) and procalcitonin (PCT) value (OR = 1.066, p < 0.0001) were predictive factors. Besides, postoperative hemoglobin drop showed a weak correlation with surgical duration (r = 0.1589, p = 0.0016).

Conclusions

In summary, our study identifies key factors affecting the occurrence of SIRS after lithotripsy for urine culture-positive stone: preoperative positive WBC in urinalysis, postoperative hemoglobin drop, and preoperative upper urinary tract drainage. And monitoring postoperative CRP and PCT levels helps to predict SIRS.
Diagnostic performance of intracystic carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) versus glucose in differentiation of mucinous and non-mucinous pancreatic cysts
Authors: Gyimesi György , Keczer Bánk , Rein Péter , Horváth Miklós , Szűcs Ákos , Marjai Tamás , Szijártó Attila , Hritz István
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives

Pancreatic cysts have various potential for malignant transformation. Differentiating mucinous from non-mucinous cysts is crucial to make the right decision about further management, since mucinous cysts carry the risk of malignancy. Using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided fine needle aspiration to determine intracystic carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels is the recommended method for identifying mucinous cysts, although intracystic glucose assessment has also proved to be an effective tool. This study aims to compare the diagnostic performance of intracystic glucose and CEA in distinguishing between mucinous and non-mucinous pancreatic cystic lesions.

Methods

In this single center study, we prospectively collected and analyzed the data of 91 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with cytological analysis and measurement of intracystic CEA and glucose levels. The cyst type was classified based on radiological and EUS morphology, string sign, CEA, cytological and histological findings in resected cases. The diagnosis was established retrospectively by three experienced gastroenterologists blinded for glucose level in cases without definitive cytology or histology. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, the positive- and negative predictive value of glucose and CEA respectively, and compared the two methods.

Results

The sensitivity of intracystic glucose versus CEA proved to be 96.2% vs. 69.2% in identifying mucinous cysts, while the specificity of glucose was shown to be 79.5%, compared to 100% for CEA.

Conclusion

Intracystic glucose is a sensitive, easily accessible biomarker in identifying mucinous pancreatic cysts, however, the specificity is lower compared to CEA. The measurement of intracystic glucose level could help in decision-making in daily clinical practice, however the diagnostic performance of the method remains inferior to “through-the-needle” techniques, such as confocal laser endomicroscopy and Moray forceps biopsy.
Evaluating Executives and Non-Executives’ Impact toward ESG Performance in Banking Sector: An Entropy Weight and TOPSIS Method
Authors: Zournatzidou Georgia
Published: October 2024

Financial institutions should prioritize the adoption of comprehensive Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance (ESG) disclosure policies to improve their market reputation and decrease capital expenditures. The current study’s research objective is to investigate the impact of both inside and outside executives on the successive adoption of ESG strategies, based on the sustainable leadership theoretical framework and the bottom-up corporate governance theory. Data for the current study were obtained from the Refinitiv Eikon database and analyzed through using the entropy weight and TOPSIS techniques. The research suggests that including fully autonomous board members has the potential to improve the transparency of firms’ ESG criteria. This result was derived from an analysis of data pertaining to the behavior of CEOs and non-executives at the company level in Fiscal Year (FY) 2023. The verification of the soundness and dependability of this finding has been carried out by scrutinizing the problem of endogeneity and diverse techniques of data representation. Furthermore, our study has disproven the idea that having CEOs on the board of directors may significantly improve the ESG performance of financial institutions. Consequently, the research proposes that adopting a strict policy of board independence has the capacity to alleviate the environmental, social, and governance repercussions that arise from the control of internal executives, namely CEOs.
A Comprehensive Analysis of CSN1S2 I and II Transcripts Reveals Significant Genetic Diversity and Allele-Specific Exon Skipping in Ragusana and Amiatina Donkeys
Authors: Cosenza Gianfranco , Pauciullo Alfredo
Published: October 2024

The αs2-casein is a phosphoprotein secreted in the milk of most mammals, and it is the most hydrophilic of all caseins. Contrary to genes found in ruminants, in donkeys two different encoding genes for donkey αs2-casein (CSN1S2 I and CSN1S2 II) have been identified. However, unlike in ruminants, the variability at these loci has not been characterized in detail in donkeys until now. In this study, we analyze the transcript profile of the donkey CSN1S2 I and CSN1S2 II genes, and we identify and describe the variability of these loci in the Ragusana and Amiatina breeds reared in Italy. The analysis of the CSN1S2 I Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) products and subsequent sequencing showed, in addition to correctly spliced mRNA, seven other minor mRNAs resulting from differential splicing events involving, in various combinations, entire exons (4, 5, 6, and 11), parts of exons (5′ or 3′ end of exon 17), or the recognition of intronic sequences as an exon (exon 12′). Similarly, the transcription analysis of the CSN1S2 II gene revealed a remarkable variability in splicing events, mainly concerning the alternative insertion of an extra exon 7 (named 7′); the first 33 bp of exon 13; or the alternative skipping of exons 9, 10, 11, 12, and 15, and their combinations. At the mRNA level for CSN1S2 I, seven SNPs were observed, five of which led to amino acid changes: p.T73>A, p.I109>V, p.I130>V, p.I146>T, and p.D217>Y. Similarly, nine SNPs were observed at the CSN1S2 II locus, seven of which are non-synonymous: p.L63>F, p.H70>Q, p.D90>N, p.129A>T, p.H131>Y, p.E144>G, and p.F157>S. In addition, the DNA sequencing of exon 17 and flanking introns of the CSN1S2 I gene revealed a G>A transition at the splice acceptor site of CSN1S2 I exon 17 (FM946022.1:c.375-1G>A), resulting in an allele-specific skipping of the first 15 nucleotides of this exon, which encode the peptide 176NKINQ180, and the recognition of an in-frame cryptic splicing acceptor site: arAACAAAATCAACCAG. A genotyping method based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (XbaI PCR-RFLP) was set up for this SNP. In the total population studied (105 Ragusana and 14 Amiatina donkeys), the A allele had a frequency of 0.2437 with no evidence of deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. This study adds new knowledge regarding the genetic variability of αs2-caseins in donkeys and may contribute significantly to the genetic improvement of milk production for this species.
A Graph Convolutional Network-Based Method for Congested Link Identification
Authors: Song Jiaqing , Liao Xuewen , Qiao Jiandong
Published: October 2024

Accurate and efficient congested link identification is crucial in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, in some networks with a centralized management architecture, it is often not feasible to monitor large numbers of internal links directly or even impossible in some heterogeneous networks. Network tomography, the science of inferring the performance characteristics of a network’s interior by correlating sets of end-to-end measurements, was put forward to solve this problem. Nevertheless, a network always contains more links than end-to-end paths, making it problematic to find a determined solution. To solve this problem, most of the current methods try to use some additional prerequisites, such as the link congestion probability. However, most existing studies have not considered the congestion caused by node factors and the case of multiple congested links on one path. In this paper, we initially model the issue of link congestion as a Bayesian network model (BNM). Subsequently, we introduce a congestion link identification method based on graph convolutional networks (GCNs), novelly converting the intricate Bayesian network solving problem into a graph node classification task. The simulation results validate the feasibility of our proposed algorithm in identifying congested links and underscore its advantages in scenarios involving node congestion and multiple congested links.
Some Covering and Packing Problems for Mixed Triples
Authors: Bobga Benkam , Gardner Robert
Published: October 2024

A mixed graph has both edges and directed edges (or “arcs”). A complete mixed graph on v vertices, denoted Mv, has, for every pair of vertices u and v, an edge {u,v}, an arc (u,v), and an arc (v,u). A decomposition of the complete mixed graph on v vertices into a partial orientation of a three-cycle with one edge and two arcs (of which there are three types) is a mixed triple system of order v. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a mixed triple system of order v are well known. In this work packings and coverings of the complete mixed graph with mixed triples are considered. Necessary conditions are given for each of the three relevant mixed triples, and these conditions are shown to be sufficient for two of the relevant mixed triples. For the third mixed triple, a conjecture is given concerning the sufficient conditions. Applications of triple systems in general are discussed, as well as possible applications of mixed graphs, mixed triple systems, and packings and coverings with mixed triples.
Relationship between Area Changes of Key Lakes and Evapotranspiration in Qinghai Province
Authors: Meng Suju , Tang Zeyu , Xue Yong , Wu Xiaotian , Li Chenggang , Wu Xinghuan
Published: October 2024

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the temporal variations in the area and evapotranspiration (ET) of five key lakes on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: Qinghai Lake, Hara Lake, Eling Lake, Gyaring Lake, and Ulan Ula Lake. Utilizing remote sensing data from Landsat satellites over the period from 1986 to 2022, we examined the dynamic changes and identified significant correlations and lag effects between lake area and regional ET. Distinct temporal patterns and sudden changes in lake areas and ET were observed, with Qinghai Lake showing an upward trend in the summer area and a mutation in 2020, while ET exhibited a mutation in 2021. Cyclic characteristics were observed, with significant correlations noted during specific periods, indicating a strong positive phase relationship between lake area and ET. This research contributes to the sustainable development and ecological protection efforts in this ecologically fragile region.
EEG Evidence of Acute Stress Enhancing Inhibition Control by Increasing Attention
Authors: Yan Bingxin , Wang Yifan , Yang Yuxuan , Wu Di , Sun Kewei , Xiao Wei
Published: October 2024

Objective: Research about the impact of acute stress on inhibitory control remains a contentious topic, with no consensus reached thus far. This study aims to investigate the effects of acute stress on an individual’s inhibitory control abilities and to elucidate the underlying neural mechanisms by analyzing resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) data. Methods: We recruited 32 male college students through participant recruitment information to undergo within-subject experiments under stress and non-stress conditions. Physiological indicators (cortisol and heart rate), self-report questionnaires, and behavioral data from the Stroop task were collected before, during, and after the experiment. Additionally, a five-minute eyes closed resting state EEG data collection was conducted during the Stroop task before. Results: (1) Acute stress led to a reduction in the conflict effect during the participants’ Stroop task in individuals. (2) Stress resulted in an increase in the power of the beta in the resting state EEG. (3) Acute stress caused an increase in the duration of class D and an increase in the transition probabilities from classes C and B to class D in the microstates of the resting state EEG. (4) Acute stress leads to an increase in beta power values in individuals’ resting state EEGs, which is significantly negatively correlated with the reduction of the conflict effect in the Stroop task under stress. Conclusions: Acute stress can enhance individuals’ attentional level, thereby promoting inhibitory control performance.
Optimizing Graphene Oxide Film Quality: The Role of Solvent and Deposition Technique
Authors: Politano Grazia Giuseppina
Published: October 2024

Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising material due to its high mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and optical transparency, making it suitable for applications like optoelectronics and energy storage. This study focuses on a simplified method of depositing and characterizing GO films via drop casting, particularly using isopropanol and water as solvents, and compares the results with reference samples of graphene produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and GO films deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The optical properties of these films were analyzed using Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (VASE). The study revealed that GO films prepared with isopropanol exhibited a lower refractive index compared to those using water. Therefore, the research highlighted the significance of solvent choice and deposition method on the overall film quality. This work provides insights into optimizing GO film properties through careful solvent selection, contributing to the broader understanding and application of GO in advanced technologies.
Disparities in Testicular Cancer: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Escobar Domenique , Daneshmand Siamak
Published: October 2024

Background: Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in adolescents and young adults, and evidence has emerged regarding disparities that affect different groups of patients. Methods: In this article, we conducted a thorough review of this area and summarized the existing literature. Results: Some of the pertinent findings from our review include poorer outcomes for various groups including the native Māori population of New Zealand, those who live in the United States–Mexico border region, those who live in Eastern Europe, those who are uninsured and those with poorer socioeconomic status, amongst others. In the United States specifically, there is significant evidence showing that racial/ethnic minorities, compared to white patients, tend to fare worse with later presentation at higher stages and worse survival rates. Hispanic patients in particular appear to have the potential for more aggressive tumor biology than other groups and are projected to have the highest incidence rates in the US by 2026. Conclusions: Overall, disparities exist in many aspects of testicular cancer and are striking in some instances, and further research is needed in this arena and in potential solutions.
Correction: Marin et al. Clinical Correlations between Serological Markers and Endometrial Cancer. Cancers 2024, 16, 1935
Authors: Marin Alina-Gabriela , Filipescu Alexandru George , Petca Răzvan Cosmin , Vlădăreanu Radu , Petca Aida
Published: October 2024

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