bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFIKASI KRIPTOSPORIDIOSIS DI PASIEN ANAK HIV DENGAN DIARE KRONIS DI RUANG GASTRO ANAK
Authors: Nugraha Jusak , Rahmawati Febtarini , Husada Dominicus
Published: October 2018

Based on the results of overseas researchers, Cryptosporidiosis occurs in immunosuppressive cases with chronic diarrhoea. In this study the researchers would like to know exactly whether that Cryptosporidiosis occurs also in paediatric HIV patients. The latest data show that the incidence of opportunistic infection is characterized by persistent diarrhoea and severe malnutrition as a complication of the paediatric HIV-infected patients is increasing. The objects of the research were fifteen paediatric HIV-infected patients which treated at the Paediatric Gastro Ward of Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya due to persistent diarrhoea. Paediatric patients were less than five years old, suffered persistent diarrhoea more than two weeks with severe malnutrition. Stool specimens were transported using 10% formalin. The stool suspension was filtered, and distilled water was added followed by centrifugation (sedimentation method). The precipitate material was placed on a glass object and dried, and then fixed by methanol and stained with Acid Fast Staining and trichrome staining. The protozoa Cryptosporidium spp. was observed under a binocular microscope with 100í— magnification (immersion oil) objective. The result was confirmed as positive if a red spherical or oval formation of oocyste of 4–6 micron appeared. Sixty percent of the 15 paediatric HIV-infected patients with chronic diarrhoea showed positive cryptosporidiosis. Cryptosporidiosis is one of the opportunistic infections resulting in chronic diarrhoea in paediatric HIV-infected patients. The results of the present research indicate that the enteric parasite Cryptosporidium spp. was the main cause of persistent diarrhoea in paediatric HIV-infected patients
POLA KUMAN AEROB DAN KEPEKAAN ANTIMIKROBA PADA ULKUS KAKI DIABETIK
Authors: Kurniawan Liong Boy , Esa Tenri , Sennang Nurhayana
Published: October 2018

Diabetic foot ulcer is a common complication of diabetic disease which causes morbidity and foot amputation. One major pathogenesis is infection. Microbes which infect are varied. The use of inappropriate antimicrobials can or may cause drugs resistance. Data of microbes pattern and sensitivity test is important and may guide the clinician in giving the initial therapy. The aim of this retrospective study was to know the characteristics, microbial pattern, and the sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs of 31 diabetic foot ulcer patients who were hospitalized at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar in the period of January 2009 until June 2010. The study results showed the age mean was 54.06±12.4 years old, and the onset of diabetes mellitus was 7.62±5.77 years. The common microbes were gram negative bacteria (73.52%) including Enterobacter agglomerans, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumonia, while the most common gram positive microbe was Streptococcus sp. Gram positive microbes were sensitive to meropenem, ceforoxim and amoxilin, while Gram negative microbes were sensitive to meropenem. Based on this study, the researchers concluded that the most common microbes which infect the feet were gram negative microbes. Gram positive microbes were still sensitive to meropenem, ceforoxim and amoxilin. Gram negative microbes were sensitive to meropenem.
MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS DAN PCR
Authors: Widaningsih Yuyun , Amin Ismawati , Sennang Nurhayana , Bahrun Uleng , Arif Mansyur
Published: October 2018

TB's coinfection in HIV and AIDS is on the increase together with the high mortality rate. The disseminated TB infection (in blood) of HIV and AIDS patients in Africa (2005) is about 10âˆ’25%. The aim of this study was to identify M.tb disseminated infection in HIV and AIDS patients. In this study was done in six HIV and AIDS patients suffering from suspected TB co infection. The sputum was tested using Fast Acid Bacilli and culture (using LJ and MGIT media) and DST. The identification of M.tb in blood used PCR with IS6110 primer (123 bp). The study was done at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Labuang Baji Hospital, NEHCRI and at the Biomolecular Laboratory of the Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University. From the six patients, four of them had CD4<50 sel/Î¼L, two patients had FAB positive, three patients had positive LJ culture on day 41–47, three patients had positive MGIT culture on day 9–47 and four patients had positive PCR. In this study there was one case of negative FAB but LJ, MGIT and PCR were positive. There were two cases with positive FAB, culture and PCR, one case with negative FAB and culture but positive PCR. The M.tb disseminated infection was 66.7% in six HIV and AIDS patients.
WAKTU PENYIMPANAN TROMBOSIT TERKAIT JUMLAH DI KONSENTRAT TROMBOSIT
Authors: Samad Raehana , Abdullah Agus Alim , A.P. Kusriny , Arif Mansyur
Published: October 2018

The transfusion of thrombocyte concentrate is one of the important medical approaches to make the platelet count raised in patients with thrombocytopenia. The TC could change during the storage process, so the in vitro storaging should be considered to minimalize the alterations on the platelet count. The study was aimed to know the impact of storage time to maintain the platelet count stability in TC of transfusion blood by evaluating it. A study with Time Series design was performed in 30 samples of TC of transfusion blood collected from 30 blood donors. The samples was collected from the bag tube of TC and the test is performed as soon as possible by using haematological analyzer (Sysmex KX-21) with an impedance method, the rest of the samples was stored in an agitator on 22±2°C to perform a repeated count on day 5th and 7th. The collected data was analyzed with "Paired T Test”. The results of this study showed that the platelet count in TC of transfusion blood was decreased in the fifth day compared to the first day, but the decreased matter is insignificant, statistically (p=0.13). While after seventh (7) day, the platelet count is decreased significantly (p=0.00). The researchers concluded that the storage of TC for seven (7) days could not maintain the stability of the platelet count of the transfusion blood. There fore is suggested, a further study to evaluate the impact of storage time on platelets viability. So the quality of platelets in TC of transfusion blood can be evaluated.
A nacionalização do ensino em áreas de colonização italiana: o caso da Escola Garibaldi e da Colônia Maciel (1937-1945)
Authors: Castro Renata Brião de , Weiduschadt Patrícia
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar aspectos educacionais da política de nacionalização do ensino estadonovista (1937- 1945), tanto na Escola Garibaldi como na localidade da Colônia Maciel em Pelotas (RS). Essa Região foi colonizada por imigrantes de origem italiana. Dessa forma, será discutido nesse artigo, como repercutiu entre os imigrantes de origem italiana as medidas referentes a política de Nacionalização do Ensino. Como fontes serão utilizados dois periódicos do município, relatórios do Município de Pelotas, fontes orais constituídas como acervo em uma instituição museológica, entrevistas realizadas pelas pesquisadoras, além de imagens da localidade e do espaço escolar.
Livros-vivos nas mãos de crianças brincantes: muitas histórias para contar
Authors: Debus Eliane Santana Dias , Gonçalves Fernanda
Published: October 2018

Este artigo centra-se no “Livro-vivo”, aquele que por sua estrutura física se manifesta materialmente como vivo, ou seja, com espessura e textura do papel de maior resistência e durabilidade (cartonado), dobras movediças, imagens em alto relevo, entre outras artimanhas vinculadas a feitura do objeto, o que editorialmente no Brasil tem recebido o nome de livro brinquedo. Assim, busca-se evidenciar a composição do livro brinquedo e sua importância na formação do leitor, analisando o aspecto lúdico desse tipo de material e sua contribuição para a práxis educativa. Para isso, apresentamos a análise dos títulos Kokeshi, equipe Salamandra e Era uma vez..., de Benjamim Lacombe.
Pedagogia histórico-crítica: que pedagogia é essa?
Authors: De Oliveira Santos Raquel Elisabete
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo busca apresentar ao leitor um panorama acerca da Pedagogia histórico-crítica numa tentativa de descrever como tal perspectiva teórica delineia cada parte integrante do todo que compõe a educação escolar. Por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico o artigo apresenta como são pensados a sociedade, a escola, os conteúdos, o currículo e o método de ensino na perspectiva da Pedagogia histórico-crítica.Palavras-chave: Pedagogia histórico-crítica; Educação escolar; Transformação social.
Uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação na educação médica: quiz em Bioquímica
Authors: Garcia Maria Betânia de Oliveira , Oliveira Michelly Macedo de , Plantier Amanda Pavani
Published: October 2018

As tecnologias de informação ganharam um grande incremento nos últimos anos. Devemos, portanto, reconhecer o papel fundamental da utilização de ambientes informatizados no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o Quiz de Bioquímica como uma nova ferramenta de ensino em Ciências da Saúde. Foi elaborado um roteiro de estudos baseado em perguntas e respostas sobre temas específicos e disponibilizado para alunos do Curso de Medicina. Os alunos preencheram uma ficha estruturada de avaliação do método. A partir da análise realizada, o Quiz educacional desenvolvido apresentou-se efetivo como ferramenta didática.
Pais professores e o envolvimento com a educação dos filhos: contribuições da literatura sociológica de língua portuguesa, inglesa e francesa
Authors: E Nogueira Marlice de OLiveira , Coutrim Rosa Maria da Exaltação
Published: October 2018

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma ampla revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática “pais professores” em língua portuguesa, inglesa e francesa. Os resultados apresentados são frutos de um esforço para se conhecer o que tem sido investigado principalmente nos últimos anos no Brasil e em outros países sobre o tema e que corroboram a tese de um efeito pai professor na vida escolar dos filhos. A sua relevância está na problematização da escolarização de uma determinada categoria profissional – a docência – e na contribuição para a ampliação dos estudos sobre as estratégias de mobilização familiar em prol da escolarização da prole.
Educação e cidadania: uma experiência pedagógica sobre o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente em escola de Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Gimenez Melissa Zani , Maciel Talita Santana , Brabo Tânia Suely Antonelli Marcelino
Published: October 2018

O presente relato de experiência tem como objetivo apresentar a organização de uma sequência de atividades pedagógicas relacionadas ao Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (segundo a Lei nº 11.525/2007), e refletir sobre sua implementação em uma escola pública paulista de Ensino Fundamental. Constatou-se a viabilidade e importância de expandir esse projeto de educação, buscando a efetividade de direitos já garantidos no plano legal, especialmente porque, no contexto brasileiro, uma parte significativa de crianças e adolescentes encontra-se em situação de vulnerabilidade..
Water-based Synthesis and Enhanced CO2 Capture Performance of Perfluorinated Cerium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks with UiO-66 and MIL-140 Topology
Authors: D’Amato Roberto , Donnadio Anna , Carta Mariolino , Sangregorio Claudio , Vivani Riccardo , Tiana Davide , Taddei Marco , Costantino Ferdinando
Published: October 2018

Reaction of cerium ammonium nitrate and tetrafluoroterephthalic acid in water afforded two new metal-organic frameworks with UiO-66 [F4_UiO-66(Ce)] and MIL-140 [F4_MIL-140A(Ce)] topologies. The two compounds can be obtained in the same experimental conditions, just by varying the amount of acetic acid used as crystallization modulator in the synthesis. Both F4_UiO-66(Ce) and F4_MIL-140A(Ce) feature pores with size < 8 Å, which classifies them as ultramicroporous. Combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that both compounds contain a small amount of Ce(III), which is preferentially accumulated near the surface of the crystallites. The CO2 sorption properties of F4_UiO-66(Ce) and F4_MIL-140A(Ce) were investigated, finding that they perform better than their Zr-based analogues. F4_MIL-140A(Ce) displays an unusual S-shaped isotherm with steep uptake increase at pressure < 0.2 bar at 298 K. This makes F4_MIL-140A(Ce) exceptionally selective for CO2 over N2: the calculated selectivity, according to the ideal adsorbed solution theory for a 0.15:0.85 mixture at 1 bar and 293 K, is higher than 1900, amongst the highest ever reported for metal-organic frameworks. The calculated isosteric heat of CO2 adsorption is in the range of 38-40 kJ mol-1, indicating a strong physisorptive character.
CANDOCK: Chemical Atomic Network Based Hierarchical Flexible Docking Algorithm Using Generalized Statistical Potentials
Authors: Fine Jonathan , Konc Janez , Samudralal Ram , Chopra Gaurav
Published: October 2018

Small molecule docking has proven to be invaluable for drug design and discovery. However, existing docking methods have several limitations, such as, ignoring interactions with essential components in the chemical environment of the binding pocket (e.g. cofactors, metal-ions, etc.), incomplete sampling of chemically relevant ligand conformational space, and they are unable to consistently correlate docking scores of the best binding pose with experimental binding affinities. We present CANDOCK, a novel docking algorithm that utilizes a hierarchical approach to reconstruct ligands from an atomic grid using graph theory and generalized statistical potential functions to sample chemical relevant ligand conformations. Our algorithm accounts for protein flexibility, solvent, metal ions and cofactors interactions in the binding pocket that are traditionally ignored by current methods. We evaluate the algorithm on the PDBbind and Astex proteins to show its ability to reproduce the binding mode of the ligands that is independent of the initial ligand conformation in these benchmarks. Finally, we identify the best selector and ranker potential functions, such that, the statistical score of best selected docked pose correlates with the experimental binding affinities of the ligands for any given protein target. Our results indicate that CANDOCK is a generalized flexible docking method that addresses several limitations of current docking methods by considering all interactions in the chemical environment of a binding pocket for correlating the best docked pose with biological activity.
Synthesis of Myrocin G, the Putative Active Form of the Myrocin Antitumor Antibiotics
Authors: economou christos , tomanik martin , Herzon Seth
Published: October 2018

We describe a total synthesis of "myrocin G" the putative active form of the anticancer antimicrobial fungal metabolites known as the myrocins.
Emergence of Selectivity in Inherently Nonselective Gold Nanoparticles Through Preferential Breaking of Interparticle Interactions
Authors: Rao Anish , Sasi Kumar Govind , Roy Soumendu , T. R. Ajesh , Devatha Gayathri , Pillai Pramod
Published: October 2018

We demonstrate a fundamentally unique identification strategy to impart selectivity to a traditionally and inherently nonselective carboxylate-functionalized gold-nanoparticles ([-] AuNPs), without the aid of any analyte specific ligands. The common practice is to use the ability of divalent ions to trigger the aggregation process in a kinetically trapped dispersed solution of [-] AuNPs. Aggregation of NPs being a thermodynamically favourable process will result in a uniform and nonselective turn-off response from most of the strongly binding divalent ions. Our approach is to use the abilities of various divalent ions to break a thermodynamically stable inter-nanoparticle precipitates containing [+] and [-] AuNPs (nanoionic precipitates), as the means of identification. Importantly both [+] and [-] AuNPs, independently, were ‘blind’ in terms of selectivity towards divalent ions. Remarkably, a hybrid-system composed of such nonselective nanoparticles was able to discriminate between the hard-to-distinguish pair of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions. The rationale is that only the strongest of strongly binding ions will be able to break the interactions between the NP precipitates (thermodynamically stable state) and re-disperse them back in solution (kinetically trapped state). This is in stark contrast with the conventional idea of forming an interaction between NPs and divalent ions, with the help of analyte-specific ligands.
Understanding Sequence Contributions to Peptoid–lipid Interactions: Using Peptoids as a Platform to Advance Multidisciplinary Research and Undergraduate Education in Parallel
Authors: Jimenez Christian , Tan Jiacheng , Dowell Kalli M. , Gadbois Gillian , Read Cameron , Burgess Nicole , Cervantes Jesse , Chan Shannon , Jandaur Animal , Karanik Tara , Lee Jaenic , Ley Mikaela , McGeehan Molly , McMonigal Ann , Palazzo Kira , Parker Samantha , Payman Andre , Soria Maritza , Verheyden Lauren , Vo Vivian , Yin Jennifer , Calkins Anna L. , Fuller Amelia A. , Stokes Grace
Published: October 2018

The synthesis and fluorescence spectroscopy studies of 21 peptoids, including 19 new tripeptoids, are described. Insight into sequence features that influence biophysical properties in the presence and absence of unilamellar lipid vesicles is provided. Concomitantly, we highlight the educational value of training undergraduates in multidisciplinary research using peptoid science.
An Approach to Alchemical Binding Free-Energy Calculations Using Coupled Topologies
Authors: Huggins David
Published: October 2018

We present an approach to performing alchemical binding free energies which we term coupled topologies. Simultaneously coupling a molecule in the bound state while decoupling it in the unbound state allows us to calculate free energy changes where the system changes charge, without the need to correct for simulation artifacts. This solves a longstanding problem in computing free energy changes. The approach is applied to separated topology relative binding free energy calculations, but is appropriate for single topology calculations and dual topology calculations as well as absolute binding free energy calculations. We apply the method to small-molecule inhibitors of AmpC β-lactamase and show the coupled topologies approach yields results that are in excellent agreement with experiment and good agreement with a state-of-the-art separated topology approach. The promising results on this test case suggest that the coupled topologies approach will be a useful addition to the available arsenal of free-energy methods.
TRADISI LISAN MALE-MALE: NYANYIAN KEMATIAN DALAM MASYARAKAT CIACIA
Authors: Asrif Asrif
Published: October 2018

Male-male adalah syair yang dinyanyikan sesaat setelah seorang warga yang dianggap sosok sempurna meninggal dunia. Tradisi lisan male-male itu menggambarkan penghargaan masyarakat terhadap sosok sempurna melalui ungkapan kesedihan, kerinduan, ketabahan, dan puji-pujian. Pelaksanaan male-male memiliki sejumlah fungsi, baik fungsi pribadi (penutur dan tuan rumah) maupun fungsi bagi masyarakat (warga yang melayat). Bagi penutur dan tuan rumah, tradisi itu berfungsi untuk menghibur, memberikan kepedulian sesama, menyebarkan nilai sosial, agama, dan prestise, serta mewariskan tradisi. Bagi masyarakat, male-male berfungsi sebagai sarana mengingatkan diri akan kematian, memperkukuh keimanan, serta meningkatkan empati, dan solidaritas sesama. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya pewarisan dalam menjaga keberlanjutan tradisi itu. Pewarisan formal dilakukan melalui sekolah, sedangkan pewarisan informal melalui penguatan lembaga adat.
SASTRA DAN KULINER: EVOLUSI GASTRONOMI KE GASTROSOFI DALAM TIGA CERPEN INDONESIA
Authors: Bramantio Bramantio
Published: October 2018

“Filosofi Kopi”, “Madre”, dan “Smokol” menghadirkan sebuah puitika yang mendasarkan diri pada kuliner. Kopi, adonan biang bernama madre, dan sebuah tradisi makan tanggung di antara sarapan dan makan siang yang disebut smokol menjadi media yang digunakan untuk memahami hal yang lebih besar daripada kenikmatan ragawi di atas meja makan. Cerita yang pada awalnya tampak sebagai usaha untuk merayakan hidup, menemukan dan menghadirkan sajian terbaik, dan memahami jati diri personal melalui kuliner, lambat laun bergerak ke sebuah titik bernama renungan tentang keindonesiaan, dari gastronomi menjadi gastrosofi. “Filosofi Kopi”, “Madre”, dan “Smokol” menjadi semacam miniatur Indonesia. Indonesia di dalam ketiga cerpen tersebut bukan Indonesia yang mengalami keterpurukan dan serba gelap, melainkan Indonesia dengan harapan lebih baik karena memiliki Ben, Tansen, dan Batara sebagai generasi muda urban yang semangat globalnya tetap memiliki kesadaran untuk menerima, menggali, dan memelihara nilai filosofis warisan leluhur.
KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM SASTRA INDONESIA
Authors: Supriyanto Teguh
Published: October 2018

The Goal of this research is to identify and to discribe (1) the work of the classical Indonesian literature still oriented to the local wisdom (2) the work of modern Indonesian literature-period 2000 th still oriented to the local wisdom. The data were taken by using random sampling. Using the structural-semiotics method and dialectics method can be found (1) the work of the classical Indonesian literature still oriented to the local wisdom. The character values are still looked after by the writers. in 2000-th, the writers are still loyalty to the local wisdom. The research implicate that the works of modern Indonesian literature, aspecially in 1980s until 2000 period are good for the material of the teaching literature in school. The Balai Pustaka period can be said the cutting period, when we put the history of Indonesian literature on the orientation system of local genus. So that, the history of Indonesian literature which began from the classical period arose in 1980s.AbstrakTujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsi (1) apakah karya sastra Indonesia klasik berorientasi pada kearifan lokal? (2) apakah karya sastra Indonesia modern periode 2000-an berorientasi pada kearifan lokal. Data penelitian ini diambil secara random. Melalui metode struktural-semiotik serta dialektik didapat hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Teks sastra klasik, terutama dalam sastra Jawa klasik sarat dengan muatan kearifan lokal, yang memelihara nilai-nilai karakter. Pada era tahun 2000an, sikap menjunjung kearifan lokal ternyata masih ditampilkan. Implikasi lain, karya sastra Indonesia periode 1980-an sampai periode 2000-an layak digunakan sebagai materi pengajaran sastra Indonesia. Era tradisi Balai Pustaka merupakan era pemenggalan sejarah sastra Indonesia, jika dilihat pada sistem orientasi kearifan lokal. Dengan demikian, perjalanan sejarah sastra Indonesia yang dimulai dari sastra Indonesia klasik yang berorientasi pada kearifan lokal muncul kembali pada era 1980-an.
Membandingkan Partikel Fatis deh dan dong dalam Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Kulsum Umi
Published: October 2018

Pengamatan terhadap bahasa Indonesia ragam lisan belum sebanyak pengamatan terhadap ragam tulis. Partikel deh dan dong banyak digunakan dalam ragam lisan dan belum ada yang mengungkap secara detail kedua partikel ini dan/atau membandingkan penggunaan keduanya. Pengamatan mengenai deh dan dong ini meliputi (1) jenis kalimat, (2) posisi, (3) pola, (4) fungsi, dan (5) kesinoniman keduanya. Pengamatan mengenai keduanya menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teknik penyulihan dan permutasian. Kedua partikel yang diamati mempunyai persamaan dan perbedaan. Kedua partikel ini terdapat pada kalimat deklaratif dan imperatif dengan posisi final atau medial.  Selain itu, partikel dong terdapat juga pada kalimat interogatif. Kedua partikel ini tidak ditemukan pada posisi inisial. Posisi final merupakan posisi dominan bagi keduanya. Kedua partikel hampir mempunyai fungsi yang sama, terutama fungsi yang dipunyai keduanya pada kalimat imperatif, yaitu menghaluskan perintah. Akan tetapi, fungsi deh pada kalimat deklaratif lebih bervariasi jika dibandingkan dengan fungsi dong. Namun, dong mempunyai fungsi sebagai penegas pertanyaan dan fungsi ini tidak dipunyai deh. Partikel deh bersinonim dengan dong hanya pada kalimat imperatif, sedangkan pada kalimat interogatif dong tidak bersinonim dengan deh. Partikel deh pada kalimat deklaratif sebagian besar bersinonim dengan dong.
PEMAHAMAN TERHADAP METAFOR SEBAGAI SUMBER KEARIFAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Liwoso Margaretha
Published: October 2018

Pengggunaan metafor di dalam teks bahasa asing dapat diasumsikan menimbulkan kesenjangan pemahaman makna bahasa sumber. Teks bahasa asing terdiri dari makna implisit yang terbentuk melalui latar belakang pengetahuan masyarakat. Dalam hal ini, makna bahasa dan budaya yang berbeda tidak selamanya mudah dianalogikan secara langsung dari bahasa sumber ke bahasa sasaran, tanpa mempertimbangkan makna implisit yang terkandung di dalam bahasa sumber. Sejauh ini, para ahli sedang berupaya mencoba menemukan cara untuk menyelesaikan masalah kesalahpahaman karena implikasi metaforis.Dalam hal ini, kemungkinan kesenjangan pemahamanmempengaruhi penerjemahan dari bahasa sumber ke bahasa target. Bagaimanapun, dengan mengeksplorasi aspek-aspek metafor bahasa, akan dapat diekspresikan kearifan masyarakat sebagai bagian kehidupan mereka.
BAHASA OIRATA, PULAU KISAR
Authors: Nazarudin Nazarudin
Published: October 2018

Bahasa Oirata adalah sebuah bahasa yang terancam punah yang dituturkan oleh suku Oirata di wilayah Pulau Kisar, Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya. Sebagai sebuah bahasa dengan penutur sekitar 1500 orang, bahasa ini dianggap sebagai bahasa minoritas yang masuk dalam kategori terancam punah yang hidup berdampingan dengan bahasa Meher dengan penutur lebih dari 10.000 orang. Dengan demikian, cukup menarik untuk melihat bagaimana kedua bahasa tersebut saling berinteraksi. Berdasarkan temuan di lapangan, dapat diketahui bahwa kedua penutur bahasa ini berinteraksi dengan menggunakan bahasa Melayu Ambon. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga berfokus pada vitalitas bahasa Oirata dan deskripsi kebahasaan yang terdiri dari sistem fonologi dan proses morfologis yang terdapat dalam bahasa itu.
KELAPA SAWIT DAN PUNAHNYA BAHASA LOKAL
Authors: Sahril Sahril
Published: October 2018

Kehadiran kelapa sawit di tengah masyarakat sebenarnya adalah untuk menambah penghasilan bagi masyarakat setempat. Akan tetapi, di sebalik itu semua ada sektor yang dirugikan, yaitu lingkungan dan ekologi yang berdampak pada punahnya flora dan fauna setempat. Punahnya flora dan fauna berdampak pula pada punahnya bahasa lokal yang ada di daerah tersebut. Di antara bahasa yang punah adalah penamaan untuk flora dan fauna yang punah itu. Melalui kajian ekolinguistik ditemukan penyebab punahnya bahasa lokal. Dari hasil penelitian, ditemukan ada 49 nama flora dan fauna yang tidak lagi diketahui oleh penuturnya, khususnya di kalangan generasi muda.
PEMBELAJARAN DWIBAHASA DI SEKOLAH DASAR: PELAKSANAAN, KENDALA, DAN HARAPAN
Authors: Defina Defina , Krishandini Krishandini , Arianti Laksmi , Krishnawati Henny , Sulistyowati Hesti
Published: October 2018

Sekolah dasar (SD) di Indonesia, khususnya di Bogor, Jawa Barat, diberikan mata pelajaran pendidikan dua bahasa: Indonesia dan bahasa ibu atau daerah (bahasa Sunda). Akan tetapi, dari pengamatan sementara pengajaran dwibahasa menimbulkan berbagai kendala. Sehubungan dengan hal itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) mendeskripsikan proses pembelajaran dwibahasa tersebut di sekolah dasar, 2) mendeskripsikan kendala yang dialami guru dalam proses pembelajaran, dan 3) mendeskripsikan harapan para guru mengenai kegiatan pembelajaran dwibahasa tersebut. Populasi penelitian ini adalah guru SD di Bogor. Sampel penelitian 47 guru kelas di enam SD di Bogor. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner. Hasil penelitian adalah 1) untuk proses pengajaran: a) bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Sunda di SD diajarkan oleh guru kelas, b) bahasa pengantar dalam pembelajaran bahasa Sunda tidak menggunakan bahasa tersebut, tetapi menggunakan bahasa Indonesia, c) sarana pembelajaran bahasa di SD kurang memadai dan hanya memiliki buku panduan, dan d) siswa lebih banyak menggunakan bahasa Indonesia dalam proses pembelajaran kedua bahasa itu; 2) kendala yang dihadapi guru adalah a) mereka tidak mendapatkan perhatian yang serius dari sekolah dan pemerintah, dalam upaya peningkatan kemampuan, b) guru yang mengajarkan bahasa Sunda masih kurang keterampilan berbahasa Sunda, dan c) keterampilan berbahasa Sunda guru yang mengajarkan bahasa Sunda masih kurang, khususnya guru yang tidak berbahasa ibu bahasa Sunda, 3) harapan mereka adanya perhatian serius dari pemerintah terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Sunda dan mata pelajaran ini tidak dihapus.
Declaração de Helsinque: flexibilização do uso do placebo, um interesse do mercado farmacêutico
Authors: Passini Rosana , Pinheiro Marília , Montagner Miguel
Published: October 2018

Este estudo visa dar visibilidade às questões éticas que envolvem a pesquisa com seres humanos inscritas nas versões da Declaração de Helsinque, criada para conter os abusos em experimentos científicos com seres humanos. Em específico, objetiva dar visibilidade à discussão sobre a flexibilização do uso do placebo em pesquisas clínicas, sobretudo, após a publicação da nota de esclarecimento da Associação Médica em 2002 do parágrafo 29 da Declaração de Helsinque. Após este documento, outros sucederam com conteúdo equivalente, levando o Brasil, representado pelo Conselho federal de Medicina e Conselho Nacional de Saúde, a posicionar-se contrário ao uso do placebo como era determinado, passando a editar suas próprias resoluções. Além disso, o estudo propõe uma reflexão sobre a fragilidade dos documentos que potencializam a vulnerabilidade e possíveis ameaças aos princípios de proteção do participante de pesquisa coadunados aos interesses do mercado farmacêutico.
The use of gadolinium-containing medium dilutions in evaluations of pathological changes in magnetic resonance images of the canine elbow
Authors: Zhalniarovich Yauheni , Przyborowska-Zhalniarovich Paulina , Głodek Joanna , Adamiak Zbigniew
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the paramagnetic gadolinium-containing contrast agent, diluted 1:800, in evaluations of pathological changes in the canine elbow joint. The experiment was performed on 6 large breed dogs of both sexes with a body weight of 25 to 40 kg. Thoracic limb lameness and pain in the elbow joint area were observed in all patients. The animals were subjected to standard physical examinations, radiography and low-field magnetic resonance imaging scans with the use of a contrast agent. The Spin Echo T1 dorsal sequence as well as 3D SST1 transverse and XBONE T1 transverse sequences were highly effective in diagnosing osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the medial humeral condyle. Degenerative changes and the fragmented coronoid process (FCP) of the ulna were very well visualized by High Resolution Gradient Echo, XBONE T2 and Spin Echo T1 sequences in the sagittal plane. The administration of the gadolinium contrast agent, diluted 1:800, to the elbow joint cavity enhances the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance images in evaluations of medial compartment disease, in particular fragmentation of the medial coronoid process.
Diagnosis and characterization of canine parvovirus-2 affecting canines of South Gujarat, India
Authors: Sharma Kishan Kumar , Kalyani Irsadullakhan Habibullakhan , Pandya Shailee Manishbhai , Vala Jignesh Alabhai
Published: October 2018

The present study was carried out in the region of South Gujarat, India, to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors of canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) infection in acute gastroenteritis of pups. Further, haemagglutination (HA) test, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid immunochromatography test were compared for diagnosis and prevalent CPV-2 types were ascertained. A total of 73 diarrhoea samples were collected and out of those 32, 33 and 35 were found positive via HA, ELISA and PCR, respectively. In rapid test, 26/52 samples were found positive. Among different age-groups, 11/24 and 13/21 animals were positive in pups aged 4–8 and 8–12 weeks, respectively. All but one (34/35) positive samples were from unvaccinated animals. Labrador was found to be the most susceptible breed (n = 13) to infection. Considering PCR as the best test, 47.94% (35/73) prevalence of CPV was recorded. Among PCR positive samples, 3 and 32 belonged to type CPV-2a and CPV-2b, respectively. Type CPV-2c was not detected among the examined samples. Sequencing analysis of 9/10 CPV-2b isolates revealed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (A-G) at position 4106 (alanine to threonine) and suggested the occurrence of mutant, new CPV-2b in this area. As other major pathogen canine coronavirus was detected in 7/38 CPV negative samples. Conclusively, CPV-2 infection was detected in 47.97% cases of AGE of pups which warrants search for other pathogens in the diagnostic procedure. This work is among the few recent reports which depict the occurrence of a novel mutant (new CPV-2b) in India.
In vitro antibacterial activity of macelignan and corosolic acid against the bacterial bee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius
Authors: Kim Jaegoo , Park Sangchul , Shin Yu-Kyong , Kang Hee , Kim Ki-Young
Published: October 2018

Foulbrood disease, which is caused byPaenibacillus larvae(American foulbrood) orMelissococcus plutonius(European foulbrood disease), is a major threat to honeybees (Apis mellifera) worldwide. Tetracycline derivatives have been used to control these bacteria, but resistant strains have evolved, and the antibiotic derivatives can adversely affect bee health. When foulbrood disease is discovered, beekeepers usually burn the bee hives and equipment. The aim of this study was to investigate thein vitrosusceptibility ofP. larvaeandM. plutoniusto new antibacterial agents. Antibacterial activities of seven compounds prepared as serial two-fold dilutions were assayed using 96-well microtitre plates. Minimum inhibitory concentration values were obtained after 24 h or 48 h of incubation. Antibacterial synergistic activity of tetracycline and the test compounds was evaluated using broth micro-dilution assays with two-fold serial dilutions of the compounds. Among the seven compounds tested, macelignan and corosolic acid showed the strongest anti-bacterial activity. In addition, tetracycline interacted synergistically with corosolic acid to reduceP. larvaeandM. plutoniusgrowth. Even though macelignan and corosolic acid were worth as solely effective agents to treatP. larvaeandM. plutonius, combinatorial treatment with tetracycline would be more useful to overcome toxicity, resistance occurrence and costliness. Further validation studies of these compounds and identification of their targets, as well as actual field tests and bee toxicity studies are still needed. However, macelignan and corosolic acid as natural secondary metabolites would be effective agents for bee foulbrood disease with valuable antibacterial activities.
Pemodelan Support Vector Machine Data Tidak Seimbang Keberhasilan Studi Mahasiswa Magister IPB
Authors: Amelia Octavia Dwi , Soleh Agus M , Rahardiantoro Septian
Published: October 2018

Bogor Agricultural University Postgraduate School (SPs-IPB) can maintain its reputation by applying a more selective admissions system. This research predicts the success of student using Support Vector Machine (SVM) modeling by considering the characteristics and educational background of the students. But there is an imbalance of data class. SVM modeling on unbalanced data produces poor performance with a sensitivity value of 0.00%. Unbalanced data handling using Sythetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) succeeded in improving SVM classification performance in classifying unsuccessful students. Based on accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with the default cut off, the exact type of SVM to model student success is SVM RBF. When using the optimum cut-off value from each type of SVM, the sensitivity value can be improved again. SVM RBF still gives the best result when using cut off 0.6. The final model that will be used to predict the success of the SPs-IPB student is obtained from SVM RBF modeling with cut off 0.6 using the entire data that has been through the SMOTE stage.
Statistical Process Control pada Pengujian Kestabilan Alat Pengukur Kadar Glukosa Darah Non-Invasif
Authors: Dermawan Renaldy , Erfiani . , Rizki Akbar
Published: October 2018

Stability of a measuring tool is very important. It is necessary to get measurement results that have high precision. This research was conducted to see the stability of Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Measurement Tool. Data of this research is data research from "Pengembangan dan Uji Klinis Purwarupa Alat Pemantauan Kadar Glukosa Darah Non-Invasif Institut Pertanian Bogor". This research used analysis of statistical process control using Individual Moving Range control chart. The results obtained indicate stability process on each respondent. However, among respondents who are one with other respondents has an unstable process despite glucose levels the blood of the respondents is the same.
PEMODELAN SEMIPARAMETRIK STATISTICAL DOWNSCALING UNTUK MENDUGA CURAH HUJAN BULANAN DI INDRAMAYU
Authors: Rizki Akbar , Nurussadad Abdul Aziz
Published: October 2018

Semiparametric statistical downscaling (SD) model is a statistical model which consists of parametric and non-parametric functional relationship between local scale and global scale variable. This study used rainfall intensity in Indramayu as local scale variable and Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) precipitation as global scale variable. GPCP precipitation data have multicollinearity, therefore they were reduced by principal component analysis.  Eight principal components which have been selected then used as the prediktors and rainfall intensity in Indramayu  as the response. Semiparametric SD model was used to predict the rainfall intensity in the district of Indramayu. The semiparametric model developed by mixed model approach where the nonparametric relationship is represented using spline with truncated power basis. Linier  semiparametric model is the best model to estimate monthly rainfall in indramayu district. The model performance evaluated by RMSEP (root mean square error prediction) and (coefficient of determination). The result shows that the best model have values of RMSEP and  are 61.64 and 71%.
Protocolo de Avaliação da Discriminação da Fala no Ruído com Implantes Auditivos
Authors: Peixoto Maria Conceição , Miranda Cristina , Bento Mafalda , Oliveira Susana , Silva Victor Correia
Published: October 2018

INTRODUÇÃO: A discriminação da fala no ruído tal como a interpretação musical estão entre os maiores desafios de um doente portador de um implante auditivo.O objetivo do estudo foi apresentar os testes de avaliação de discriminação da fala em ambientes com ruído e apreciar a sua utilização na prática clínica diária.MÉTODOS: Os autores propõem um protocolo de avaliação da discriminação da fala em ambientes com ruído para doentes candidatos a implantes auditivos, com o intuito de avaliar a integração da informação binaural. Foram utilizadas quatro colunas, dispostas no azimute 0°, 90°, 180° e 270°. Foi apresentada a conjugação de palavras/ frases com ruído branco ou som de cafetaria em quatro condições possíveis, sendo no global avaliados 16 parâmetros.RESULTADOS: O resultado é a percentagem de palavras e frases que o doente repete corretamente. Foi realizada a comparação pré e pós-operatória.CONCLUSÃO: Paralelamente ao estudo da localização espacial do som, considera-se que esta avaliação permitirá compreender a assimilação da informação auditiva dos doentes com implantes auditivos e avaliar a sua real integração binaural.
Starfish Dermatitis Due to Marthasterias Glacialis
Authors: Silva João Maia , Ribeiro André , Oliveira Barbara , Melo Helena , Correia Miguel
Published: October 2018

Some marine organisms are known to inflict contact dermatitis, whether secondary to professional or recreational activities. We report a 23-year-old white woman with hypersensitivity reaction induced by Marthasterias glacialis starfish. To our knowledge this is the first report of starfish hypersensitivity reaction induced by Marthasterias glacialis on human skin. Because of the growing popularity of recreational subaquatic activities, such as scuba diving, reports about diving-related skin diseases are expected to increase.
DIREITO, RELIGIÃO E MORAL ENQUANTO INSTRUMENTOS DE CONTROLE SOCIAL
Authors: Friede Reis , Lopes Flávio Humberto Pascarelli
Published: October 2018

O debate que envolve a relação entre o Direito, a Religião e a Moral tem inspirado as reflexões de juristas e filósofos. Não obstante a proeminência ostentada pelo Direito, forçoso reconhecer que a complexidade da vida em sociedade, geradora de incontáveis conflitos, não poderia mesmo lhe conferir a exclusividade do controle social. Tendo em vista as peculiaridades das diversas relações cotidianamente estabelecidas pelos indivíduos, outros mecanismos assumem parte desta tarefa. Deste modo, o presente artigo analisa, em breves linhas, o Direito, a Religião e a Moral enquanto instrumentos de controle social.
APRISIONAMENTO PSÍQUICO NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES: DO MITO À REALIDADE
Authors: Silva Maria Claudete , Lessa Laura Silva Campos
Published: October 2018

Esse artigo busca explicitar um modelo de defesa que trabalhadores utilizam para permanecerem por muitos anos em uma organização partindo da categoria do mito Golem Laborio, proposto por Thiry-Cherques (2004).  Esse modelo representa uma forma de adesão total dos trabalhadores ao sistema, onde vida e sistema  se confundem. Buscou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, a partir de estudo de casos múltiplos com oito profissionais em cargo de gestão que trabalham no contexto pesquisado há mais de 15 anos.  Os dados foram coletados com entrevistas semiestruturadas, técnicas projetivas e observação direta, o que tornou possível a identificação e classificação dos casos estudados de acordo com o modelo proposto. Os resultados evidenciaram que o trabalho tem uma importância vital na vida das pessoas, que elas não são livres e ficam aprisionadas psiquicamente dentro das próprias armadilhas que criam para se manterem nas suas atividades laborais, pois ficar sem emprego é perder o sentido da vida. Como forma de garantir a subsistência material e sobreviver às pressões impostas no dia a dia, as pessoas acabam desenvolvendo, de forma inconsciente, modelos de defesa.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NO ENSINO BÁSICO:
Authors: De Moraes Martins da Silva Margareth , Custódio da Silva Alan , Mota Peixoto Ovídio , Teixeira de Seixas Filho José , Reis Pereira Mello Silvia Conceição
Published: October 2018

A Educação Ambiental (EA) é uma estratégia fundamental para sensibilizar e promover uma mudança de comportamento em relação a responsabilidade e o comprometimento com a preservação ambiental, gerando expectativas de uma maior conscientização acerca dos problemas ambientais, o que pode melhorar muito a relação do homem com a natureza e com o meio ao qual esta inserido. Nesse estudo desenvolvido na Escola Municipal Odilon de Andrade no Complexo do Alemão, estudantes do 7º e 8 º anos participaram das oficinas realizadas duas vezes na semana, uma para cada turma, entre os meses de agosto e novembro de 2015. A estratégia pedagógica diversificada abrangeu: dinâmica de grupo; leitura e interpretação de textos sobre meio ambiente e preservação ambiental; discussões sobre a história da urbanização da cidade do Rio de Janeiro; apresentação de fotos de paisagens da cidade antes e depois dos impactos ambientais; aulas de desenho; aulas de pintura; escolha e estudo das paisagens pelos estudantes; elaboração de textos sobre as pinturas realizadas. Os resultados evidenciaram que as oficinas tiveram grande aceitação por parte dos estudantes. Os quadros pintados foram expostos na Unisuam e também na Escola Municipal Odilon de Andrade e foi ainda elaborado um vídeo pela Unisuam que será utilizado na divulgação do projeto.
Limited Şirketlerde Ortakların Şirkete Karşı Bağlılık Yükümlülüğü
Authors: DEMİRAYAK Ezgi Başak
Published: October 2018

Limited şirketlerde ortakların şirkete karşı bağlılık yükümlülüğü, dürüstlük kuralıve her ortaklık ilişkisinde mevcut olan affectio societatis unsuruna dayalı olarakkabul edilmiştir. Anılan yükümlülük, 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun613. maddesinde açıkça düzenlenmiş bulunmaktadır. Anılan maddede bağlılıkyükümlülüğünün üç görünüm biçimi olan sır saklama yükümlülüğü, şirketinzararına olan işlerden kaçınma yükümlülüğü ve rekabet yasağı düzenlenmiştir.Hüküm sır saklama yükümlülüğünü emredici biçimde düzenlerken, şirketinzararına olan işlerden kaçınma yükümlülüğünün aksinin kararlaştırılabileceğinihükme bağlamaktadır. Bu iki yükümlülükten farklı olarak rekabet yasağı ancakşirket sözleşmesinde öngörülmüşse mevcuttur. Çalışmada bağlılık yükümlülüğünündayanağı ile kapsamı değerlendirilmekte ve yükümlülüğün ihlali halindeuygulanabilecek yaptırımlar ele alınmaktadır.
Pengaruh Dukungan Sosial Terhadap Kesehatan
Authors: Karina Zeela , Sodik Muhammad Ali
Published: October 2018

Dukungan sosial sangat mempengaruhi kesehatan.
PENGARUH JARINGAN SOSIAL DAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Azizah Yunita Nur , Sodik Muhammad Ali
Published: October 2018

Jaringan sosial di lingkungan sekitar sangat berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan mental seseorang.
Does planning explain why predictability affects reference production?
Authors: Zerkle Sandra , Arnold Jennifer E.
Published: October 2018

How does thematic role predictability affect reference production? This study tests a planning facilitation hypothesis – that the predictability effect on reference form can be explained in terms of the time course of utterance planning. In a discourse production task, participants viewed two sequential event pictures, listened to a description of the first picture (depicting a transfer event between two characters), and then provided a description of the second picture (continuing with one thematic role character, either goal or source). We replicated previous findings that goal continuations lead to more reduced forms of reference and shorter latency to begin speaking than source continuations. Additionally, we tracked speakers’ eye movements in two periods of utterance planning, early vs. late. We found that 1) early pre-planning supports the use of reduced forms but is not affected by thematic role; 2) thematic role only affects late planning; and 3) in contrast with our hypothesis, planning does not account for predictability effects on reduced forms. We then speculate that discourse connectedness drives the thematic role predictability effect on reference form choice.