bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Comparison of FiberLock Suspensionplasty and Flexor Carpi Radialis Ligament Reconstruction for Treatment of Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis
Authors: Nakla Andrew P. , Shin Steven S. , Kwak Daniel , Chung Min-Shik , McGarry Michelle H. , Lee Thay Q.
Published: January 2024

Background:

The purpose of this study was to compare the cyclic and load to failure characteristics of post-trapeziectomy suspensionplasty with the FiberLock Suspension System (FLSS; Arthrex Inc., Naples, Florida) to flexor carpi radialis ligament reconstruction (FCRLR). We hypothesized that the FLSS will have increased stiffness, yield, and ultimate load compared with FCRLR.

Methods:

Ten matched pairs of cadaveric hands were used. One side of each pair was randomly assigned to receive the FCRLR or FLSS and the contralateral side received the other suspensionplasty. A complete trapeziectomy was performed followed by FLSS or FCRLR. Cyclic and load to failure characteristics were measured with loading in the distal to proximal direction. A preload of 1 N with 30 cycles of 1 N to 10 N was applied, followed by load to failure. A paired t test was used for statistical analysis ( P < .05).

Results:

The FLSS had significantly decreased nonrecoverable deformation and deformation at peak load during cyclic loading ( P < .04). The FLSS also had significantly increased stiffness, yield load, ultimate load, and load and energy absorbed at 10 mm displacement compared with FCRLR ( P < .04). All 10 FCRLR specimens failed with suture tearing through the tendon. Nine FLSS specimens failed due to suture slipping from the SwiveLock anchor (Arthrex Inc., Naples, Florida) and 1 failed due to the FiberTak anchor (Arthrex Inc., Naples, Florida) pulling through the index metacarpal.

Conclusion:

Suspensionplasty with the FLSS demonstrated greater structural integrity compared with FCRLR following trapeziectomy. The FLSS procedure may result in decreased thumb subsidence and decreased construct failure.
Validation of the Clenched Fist View in Detecting Scapholunate Ligamentous Injury
Authors: Oh Christine , Fort Michael W. , Kakar Sanjeev
Published: January 2024

Background:

The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of the clenched fist stress views in identifying scapholunate ligament injuries.

Methods:

An institutional review board–approved retrospective chart review was conducted of adult patients who underwent diagnostic arthroscopy with a ligamentous wrist injury from 2015 to 2020. Standard posteroanterior, lateral, and clenched fist stress radiographs were reviewed and scapholunate ligament gaps recorded.

Results:

A total of 124 patients were included, of which 88 had normal standard radiographs and clenched fist radiographs. The positive predictive value of the clenched fist view was 69%, whereas the negative predictive value was 58%. The sensitivity of the clenched fist view was 40%, while the specificity was 82%. Of those patients with a negative clenched fist view, 42% were found to have an arthroscopic Geissler classification of 3 or higher scapholunate ligament injury.

Conclusions:

Despite the emphasis on stress radiographic views, a normal stress clenched fist view does not preclude arthroscopic findings of a Geissler class 3 or greater injury in symptomatic patients. The sensitivity of a clenched fist view is only 40%. These findings question the utility of stress radiographs when assessing for scapholunate ligament injuries.
Type of anesthesia for endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke: A literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jia Yitong , Feng Yao , Ma Yanhui , Feng Guang , Xu Na , Li Meng , Liu Miao , Fan Zhen , Wang Tianlong
Published: January 2024

Background:

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has been proven as the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). However, the ideal anesthetic strategy during EVT still remains unclear. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the optimal anesthetic modality for patients with AIS undergoing EVT based on current randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods:

The databases Medline (via PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs comparing general anesthesia (GA) and conscious sedation (CS) in AIS patients undergoing EVT. The primary outcome was a favorable functional outcome at 90 days postintervention. Data analysis was conducted using the Review Manager software (RevMan V.5.3).

Results:

Eight RCTs involving 1199 patients were included. There was no significant difference between GA and CS group in the rate of functional independence (risk ratio (RR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.96 to 1.25; p = 0.17; I2 = 30%). Compared with the CS group, the GA group attained a higher successful recanalization rate (RR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.20; p < 0.00001; I2 = 17%). In addition, patients in the GA were associated with a higher rate of hypotension (RR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.44 to 2.41; p < 0.00001; I2 = 66%) and a higher incidence of pneumonia (RR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.8; p = 0.02; I2 = 37%).

Conclusion:

For AIS patients receiving EVT, the choice of anesthetic modality did not influence the 3-month neurological outcome while GA is superior to CS in terms of successful reperfusion rate. Moreover, the patients in the GA group were at a higher risk of developing hypotension and pneumonia. Further studies are required to provide more sufficient evidence.
Developing a causal framework of internet of things adoption barriers for agile manufacturing in post COVID-19
Authors: Ali Asif Arshad , Mahmood Asif
Published: January 2024

In order to remain competitive in a post-COVID-19 scenario, manufacturing organizations should use the pandemic scenario as a lever to make IoT adoption more agile and faster by reinventing their business models. Although, IoT has vast potential in multiple sensors’ direct integration without human intervention, its adoption has observed significant barriers during COVID-19. In this context, the current research aims to identify, prioritize, categorize, and investigate inter-dependencies among the significant barriers to adopting IoT technologies in the manufacturing industry. The analysis used two-stage integrated AHP-TOPSIS (Analytical Hierarchy Process-Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and ISM (Interpretative Structural Modeling) techniques. For AHP and ISM techniques, a group of 8 experts from academia and industry with at least 10 years of experience was surveyed to capture their perceptions. Whereas, for TOPSIS, data were collected from 433 operational-level users. The research discloses that the significant driver barriers that hamper the adoption of IoT technologies are: poor internet infrastructure, high adoption & operating costs and lack of government regulations. This study will assist practitioners, decision-makers and organizations in understanding the significant barriers to seamless IoT implementation.
The Essential Oil of Balsamorhiza sagittata from Southwestern Idaho: Chemical Composition and Enantiomeric Distribution
Authors: Swor Kathy , Satyal Prabodh , Poudel Ambika , Setzer William N.
Published: January 2024

Background/Objective: Arrowleaf balsamroot ( Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt., Asteraceae) is a conspicuous forb growing in open hillsides and prairies at mid to upper elevations in the Intermountain West and Rocky Mountain regions. The plant is important forage for deer and elk and several Native American tribes used arrowleaf balsamroot as food and medicine. The volatile phytochemicals of B. sagittata have not been previously examined. Methods/Results: Nine individual samples of B. sagittata were collected, the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation using a Likens-Nickerson apparatus in yields of 0.069-0.956%, and the essential oils analyzed by gas chromatographic techniques (GC-MS, GC-FID, and chiral GC-MS). The major components in the leaf essential oil of B. sagittata were (−)-germacrene D (10.8-34.5%), (+)-β-phellandrene (6.4-19.4%), (−)-( E)-β-caryophyllene (1.4-15.0%), and ( E)-β-ocimene (3.1-8.4%). Conclusion: There was modest variation in composition or yield with respect to geographical location or elevation in the samples from southwestern Idaho, but comparison with essential oils from locations outside of Idaho should more completely define the volatile phytochemistry of this plant.
Impact of preoperative echocardiographic delay on timing of hip fracture surgery in elderly patients
Authors: Kaieda Mitsuyoshi , Fujimoto Yusuke , Arishima Yoshiya , Togo Yasuhisa , Ogura Tadashi , Taniguchi Noboru
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

Early surgery is recommended for hip fractures in elderly patients. This study was performed to evaluate factors contributing to delayed surgery and associated outcomes in a secondary hospital in Japan with a rehabilitation centre.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the records of 895 patients aged >50 years [median age, 86 (81–91) years] treated for hip fractures at our institution from 2016 to 2020. We defined surgical delay as surgery performed >48 h after admission. We evaluated several risk factors for surgical delay and associated outcomes: mortality, length of hospital stay and walking status.

Results:

Binomial logistic regression analysis showed that several factors, including preoperative echocardiographic delay (odds ratio, 9.38; 95% confidence interval, 5.95–15.28), were risk factors for surgical delay. In the multiple regression analyses, surgical delay was a significant risk factor for a longer hospital stay (partial regression coefficient, 6.99; 95% confidence interval, 3.67–10.31).

Conclusions:

Our findings indicated that preoperative echocardiographic delay was one of the risk factors for surgical delay of hip fractures in elderly patients. Surgical delay was a risk factor for a longer hospital stay, including rehabilitation.
The association between loneliness, social isolation, and sleep disturbances in older adults: A follow-up study from the Swedish good aging in Skåne project
Authors: Ekström Henrik , Svensson Markus , Elmståhl Sölve , Wranker Lena Sandin
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

The aim of this follow-up study was to investigate whether loneliness and social isolation in a sample of older adults, mean age of 67.4 years at baseline examination, were associated with sleep disturbances at re-examination at a mean age of 76.4 years.

Methods:

The study sample consisted of 2897 participants. Data on loneliness, social isolation, and sleep disturbances were collected through questionnaires and medical examinations. Logistic regression models were constructed to identify associations between levels of loneliness and social isolation at baseline and sleep disturbances at follow-up. Sociodemographic and health-related confounding factors were controlled for in the models.

Results:

Sleep disturbances were reported by 25.6% (95% CI: 24.0%–27.2%) at baseline and 23.7% (95% CI: 22.1%–25.3%) at re-examination. Odds ratios for sleep disturbances at re-examination in relation to not being lonely or socially isolated were as follows: single occasions of loneliness (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.05–1.78), recurring periods/constant loneliness (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.01–1.99), less severe social isolation (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.78–1.79), and severe social isolation (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.01–3.49).

Discussion:

Sleep disturbances are common among older adults and are associated with loneliness and social isolation. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the potential effects of loneliness and social isolation when investigating sleep disturbances in older adults.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases visiting the rheumatology clinic at the National Referral Hospital, Bhutan
Authors: Dorji Sangay , Yangchen Sonam , chuki Pem
Published: January 2024

Objective:

Vitamin D deficiency in a patient with autoimmune rheumatic disease is the most discussed topic these days, is considered to be a pandemic, and its prevalence and associations have been studied by many countries. We aim to study the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in autoimmune rheumatic diseases in patients visiting the rheumatology clinic at the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital in Thimphu.

Methods:

A descriptive study was conducted on 126 patients in Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, who were visiting the rheumatology clinic. Vitamin D levels were analysed among these rheumatology patients. EpiData software is used for data entry and analysis.

Results:

Out of 126 patients, 71 had rheumatoid arthritis, 34 had systemic erythema-tosus, 8 mixed connective tissue disease and 13 had other autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Among these, only 12 (9.52%) patients had normal vitamin D levels, and 114 (90.5%) patients had lower than normal serum levels of the vitamin. Among these, 75 (59.5%) were deficient and 39 (31.0%) were insufficient.

Conclusion:

The study found that the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency is high with 59.5% among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases and only with 9.5% were with normal levels of vitamin D.
Development of blood demand prediction model using artificial intelligence based on national public big data
Authors: Kwon Hi Jeong , Park Sholhui , Park Young Hoon , Baik Seung Min , Park Dong Jin
Published: January 2024

Objective

Modern healthcare systems face challenges related to the stable and sufficient blood supply of blood due to shortages. This study aimed to predict the monthly blood transfusion requirements in medical institutions using an artificial intelligence model based on national open big data related to transfusion.

Methods

Data regarding blood types and components in Korea from January 2010 to December 2021 were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service and Statistics Korea. The data were collected from a single medical institution. Using the obtained information, predictive models were developed, including eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), and category boosting (CatBoost). An ensemble model was created using these three models.

Results

The prediction performance of XGBoost, LGBM, and CatBoost demonstrated a mean absolute error ranging from 14.6657 for AB+ red blood cells (RBCs) to 84.0433 for A+ platelet concentrate (PC) and a root mean squared error ranging from 18.5374 for AB+ RBCs to 118.6245 for B+ PC. The error range was further improved by creating ensemble models, wherein the department requesting blood was the most influential parameter affecting transfusion prediction performance for different blood products and types. Except for the department, the features that affected the prediction performance varied for each product and blood type, including the number of RBC antibody screens, crossmatch, nationwide blood donations, and surgeries.

Conclusion

Based on blood-related open big data, the developed blood-demand prediction algorithm can efficiently provide medical facilities with an appropriate volume of blood ahead of time.
Digital determinants of health as a way to address multilevel complex causal model in the promotion of Digital health equity and the prevention of digital health inequities: A scoping review
Authors: Petretto Donatella Rita , Carrogu Gian Pietro , Gaviano Luca , Berti Roberta , Pinna Martina , Petretto Andrea Domenico , Pili Roberto
Published: January 2024

Background:

With the progressive digitization of health services and the current spread of Telemedicine and e-Health, it became clear that promoting Digital health equity (DHE) is necessary to support health potential, to avoid that some individuals can incur in unintended inequities. In this paper, we address the complex causal process(es) that may generate risk of inequities, considering the so-called “Digital Determinants of health” (DDoH) and their relationship with determinants of health (DoH).

Design and methods:

We conducted a scoping review, according to methodological framework proposed in PRISMA-ScR guidelines, on the definition of DDoH (Scopus, Pubmed and Web of Science electronic databases). Inclusion criteria: papers on the definition of DDoH, no time limits, all study designs eligible.

Results:

There is an agreement on the link between DDoHs and “digital divide” and on their effects on a wide range of health, functioning outcomes, both as barriers and as facilitators. Authors proposed to modify or integrate with DDoHs the “Rainbow model” or other conceptual models on DoH. To promote DHE, authors suggest considering a multidimensional complex causal model, with interdependence among the different levels and the mutually reinforcing effects.

Conclusion:

To study DDoH and their relationship with main determinants of health could be a way to address the complex causal model in the promotion of DHE. However, as they act in a multidimensional causal context, any intervention may consider the interdependence among different involved levels, within them, and the mutually reinforcing effects. Further research is needed to gain a more complete picture of the field.
Positioning Field Action Projects as Tools for Sustainable Development (With Special Reference to BSSS, Bhopal)
Authors: Simon Richi
Published: January 2024

Field action projects are a distinguishing feature in social work education and practice and can serve as a live lab for social work students. Many renowned social work educational institutions began with the field action projects and developed them to a significant level. The state of Madhya Pradesh, India has several problems, and field action projects can serve as an excellent tool to alleviate these problems. The article is an attempt to appraise field action projects of Bhopal School of Social Sciences—one of the well-recognized social work institution in the Central India. Statistical software Jamovi 2.3.21 was used for analysis. Mode, median and Functional Narrative Analysis is used for analysing data. The suggestions can be used by the practitioners and policy makers for an optimal usage of field action projects as tools for sustainable development. It also discusses the presence of outreach activities as a mandate in New National Education Policy of Madhya Pradesh and the relevance of such initiatives in accomplishing the requirements of the policy. The study is limited to the field action projects of BSSS and should not be generalized.
Nursing Professional Commitment as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Work Environment and Missed Nursing Care Among Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Hendy Abdelaziz , Abdel Fattah Hadya Abboud , Abouelela Madeha Ali , Atia Gehan Abd elfattah , Alshammari Maha Suwailem Shuaib , Hables Reda Mhmoud Mohamed , Alzahrani Naif S. , Hendy Ahmed , Almarwani Abdulaziz Mofdy
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Nursing care plays a pivotal role in promoting patient well-being and optimizing health outcomes. The nursing profession is characterized by its commitment to delivering high-quality care to patients.

Objective

The purpose of the study was to explore the role of nursing professional commitment as a mediator between the work environment and missed nursing care.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis study “STROBE guideline” used an online structured questionnaire to collect data. It was conducted on a sample of 813 nurses who worked at seven governmental hospitals in Egypt, in the hospital wards, operating rooms, intensive care unit (ICU) or outpatient clinics, during a 4-month period from April to August 2022. Researchers used Characteristics of nurses, Nursing Work Index-Revised, Nursing Professional Commitment Scale, and MISSCARE Questionnaire to collect the data. Structural equation modeling by AMOS was used for testing nursing professional commitment as a mediator between the work environment and missed nursing care. Nurses’ professional commitment was used as a mediator between work environment and missing nursing care.

Results

The working environment has a direct impact of −0.175, an indirect impact of −0.139, and a total impact of −0.314. Furthermore, professional commitment has a direct impact of −0.421. Additionally, when the working environment increases by 1, professional commitment increases by 0.33. Similarly, when the working environment increases by 1, missed care decreases by 0.175. Moreover, when professional commitment, as a mediating factor, increases by 1, missed care decreases by 0.421.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the findings of this study highlight the significant role of professional commitment as an intermediary factor between the working environment and missed nursing care. According to these results, it is necessary to formulate and implement intervention strategies to improve nurses’ professional commitment and working environment, which is the key to reducing their missed nursing care.
Changes in Americans’ Views on Who Should Provide and Pay for Assistance to Older Adults with Activity Limitations, 2012 to 2022
Authors: Patterson Sarah E. , Reyes Adriana M.
Published: January 2024

An aging U.S. population means more older adults in need of care over time. Although government programs that supply financial support for older adults receive high levels of backing, social norms dictate that when it comes to care, families should be held responsible. Although families do provide most of the care older adults receive, it can often be in balance with more formal provisions such as paid care. However, there is a divide between what older people themselves feel is best compared with other groups. The authors ask, What are American attitudes toward the provision of elder care and payment for such care, how have these attitudes changed in the past decade, and are there differences by age? The authors use cross-sectional data from the 2012 and 2022 General Social Survey and find that younger adults were more likely to support government provision and payment for elder care over time.
Visualizing the North–South Divide of international visitors: Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta in China
Authors: Wang Yao , Lin Xiaohua , Lin Liushan , Niu Xinyi
Published: January 2024

The North–South Divide, which historically divided global national development, is now being questioned due to the rise of the Global South represented by China. We analyze the impact of this divide using global connections observed through international visitors to the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in China. We visualized the global origins of international visitors to the YRD region and their spatial distribution within the region. The cartogram depicts a significant contribution of the Global North to the scale of international visitors in the YRD region, indicating a closer functional connection between mainland China and the Global North. This suggests that the influence of the North–South Divide on mainland China persists. Despite mainland China strengthening South–South Cooperation through the Belt and Road national strategy, the crucial role played by the Global North in China’s economic globalization is challenging to reverse in the short term. Additionally, the successful path taken by China may not be universally applicable to all of the Global South.
Comment on “Reboot/NoFap Participants Erectile Concerns Predicted by Anxiety and Not Mediated/Moderated by Pornography Viewing”
Authors: Geuens Sam , De Win Gunter , Jacobs Tim
Published: January 2024

Dear Sir,

We would like to compliment the authors for questioning the Reboot/NoFap approach to male sexual arousal problems. As clinicians, we see a steep increase of patients asking about the sense or nonsense of trying such an approach. This comment highlights both the strengths of the original paper and poses a number of questions regarding its content and methodology.
Is Gap Arthroplasty Sufficient in TMJ Ankylosis: Our Experience
Authors: Mahajan Amit , Soni Dharang , Dholabhai Pratesh , Daithankar Sharvari , Shah Aditya , Adalja Chaitya
Published: January 2024

Methods:

A 10-year retrospective analysis of eight patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis. The age, gender distribution, etiology, affected side (unilateral or bilateral), mouth opening (MO), and occlusion were evaluated pre-operatively and after gap arthroplasty (GA) with follow-up two years.

Results:

In this study, there were eight participants, with an average age of 24.75 ± 3.8 years, gender distribution was 62% men and 38% females with seven individuals having etiology of trauma and 1 pathology. TMJ ankylosis was found to be bilateral in 38% of patients and unilateral in 62%. Pre-op and two-year follow-up MO showed a mean of 10.75 ± 3.8 mm and 30.4 ± 5.6 mm, respectively. Re-ankylosis was not reported in any cases.

Conclusion:

The most effective care for TMJ ankylosis begins with a correct and timely diagnosis, followed by the development of a proper/comprehensive treatment plan thus improving the patient’s quality of life. We conclude that all of our GA patients had appropriate MO at follow-up of 24 months. Long-term functional outcomes of GA are satisfactory as it justifies adequate MO with minimal complications. After GA jaw physiotherapy is also critical for long-term success.
A Rare Case of Successful Device Closure of a Large Coronary CameralFistula to Right Atrium
Authors: Phanindra Malla , Naik Nitin , Kumar Deepa S. , S Viswanatha Kartik , KN Harikrishnan , KM Krishnamoorthy
Published: January 2024

Coronary artery anomalies are a rare group of congenital cardiac disorders with an incidence of less than 1% in general population. Coronary cameral fistula (CCF) are abnormal vascular communications between coronary artery and a cardiac chamber. These fistulae result from congenital abnormalities or are acquired as a result of trauma or cardiac surgery. We present the transcatheter closure of a large CCF from right coronary artery (RCA) to right atrium in an eight-year-old girl.
SOX11 is a novel binding partner and endogenous inhibitor of SAMHD1 ara-CTPase activity in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Abdelrazak Morsy Mohammad Hamdy , Lilienthal Ingrid , Lord Martin , Merrien Magali , Wasik Agata Magdalena , Sureda-Gómez Marta , Amador Virginia , Johansson Henrik J. , Lehtiö Janne , Garcia-Torre Beatriz , Martin-Subero Jose Ignacio , Tsesmetzis Nikolaos , Tao Sijia , Schinazi Raymond F. , Kim Baek , Sorteberg Agnes L. , Wickström Malin , Sheppard Devon , Rassidakis Georgios Z. , Taylor Ian A. , Christensson Birger , Campo Elias , Herold Nikolas , Sander Birgitta
Published: January 2024

Sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate (HD) domain–containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase with ara-CTPase activity that confers cytarabine (ara-C) resistance in several hematological malignancies. Targeting SAMHD1’s ara-CTPase activity has recently been demonstrated to enhance ara-C efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia. Here, we identify the transcription factor SRY-related HMG-box containing protein 11 (SOX11) as a novel direct binding partner and first known endogenous inhibitor of SAMHD1. SOX11 is aberrantly expressed not only in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), but also in some Burkitt lymphomas. Coimmunoprecipitation of SOX11 followed by mass spectrometry in MCL cell lines identified SAMHD1 as the top SOX11 interaction partner, which was validated by proximity ligation assay. In vitro, SAMHD1 bound to the HMG box of SOX11 with low-micromolar affinity. In situ crosslinking studies further indicated that SOX11-SAMHD1 binding resulted in a reduced tetramerization of SAMHD1. Functionally, expression of SOX11 inhibited SAMHD1 ara-CTPase activity in a dose-dependent manner resulting in ara-C sensitization in cell lines and in a SOX11-inducible mouse model of MCL. In SOX11-negative MCL, SOX11-mediated ara-CTPase inhibition could be mimicked by adding the recently identified SAMHD1 inhibitor hydroxyurea. Taken together, our results identify SOX11 as a novel SAMHD1 interaction partner and its first known endogenous inhibitor with potentially important implications for clinical therapy stratification.
Marked variations in diversity and functions of gut microbiota between wild and domestic stag beetle Dorcus Hopei Hopei
Authors: Lu Yikai , Chu Siyuan , Shi Zhiyuan , You Ruobing , Chen Haimin
Published: January 2024

Background

Although stag beetles are a popular saprophytic insect, their gut microbiome has been poorly studied. Here, 16 S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to reveal the gut microbiota composition and functional variations between wild and domestic Dorcus hopei hopei (Dhh) larval individuals.

Results

The results indicated a significant difference between the wild and domestic Dhh gut microbiota., the domestic Dhh individuals contained more gut microbial taxa (e.g. genera Ralstonia and Methyloversatilis) with xenobiotic degrading functions. The wild Dhh possesses gut microbiota compositions (e.g. Turicibacter and Tyzzerella ) more appropriate for energy metabolism and potential growth. This study furthermore assigned all Dhh individuals by size into groups for data analysis; which indicated limited disparities between the gut microbiota of different-sized D. hopei hopei larvae.

Conclusion

The outcome of this study illustrated that there exists a significant discrepancy in gut microbiota composition between wild and domestic Dhh larvae. In addition, the assemblage of gut microbiome in Dhh was primarily attributed to environmental influences instead of individual differences such as developmental potential or size. These findings will provide a valuable theoretical foundation for the protection of wild saprophytic insects and the potential utilization of the insect-associated intestinal microbiome in the future.
Factors associated with cellulitis in lymphoedema of the arm – an international cross-sectional study (LIMPRINT)
Authors: Burian Ewa Anna , Franks Peter J. , Borman Pinar , Quéré Isabelle , Karlsmark Tonny , Keeley Vaughan , Sugama Junko , Cestari Marina , Moffatt Christine J.
Published: January 2024

Background

Lymphoedema is a globally neglected health care problem and a common complication following breast cancer treatment. Lymphoedema is a well-known predisposing factor for cellulitis, but few have investigated the risk factors for cellulitis in this patient cohort on an international level. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of cellulitis in patients with lymphoedema of the arm, including potential risk factors for cellulitis.

Methods

An international, multi-centre, cross-sectional study including patients with clinically assessed arm lymphoedema. The primary outcome was the incidence of cellulitis located to the arm with lymphoedema within the last 12 months, and its potential associated risk factors. The secondary outcome was life-time prevalence of cellulitis. Adults with clinically-assessed arm lymphoedema/chronic oedema (all causes) and able to give informed consent were included. End-of-life-patients or those judged as not in the patient’s best interest were excluded. Both univariable and multivariable analysis were performed.

Results

A total of 2160 patients were included from Australia, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Turkey and United Kingdom. Secondary lymphoedema was present in 98% of the patients; 95% of these were judged as related to cancer or its treatment. The lifetime prevalence of cellulitis was 22% and 1-year incidence 11%. Following multivariable analysis, factors associated with recent cellulitis were longer swelling duration and having poorly controlled lymphoedema. Compared to having lymphoedema less than 1 year, the risk increased with duration: 1–2 years (OR 2.15), 2–5 years (OR 2.86), 5–10 years (OR 3.15). Patients with well-controlled lymphoedema had a 46% lower risk of cellulitis (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.39–0.73, p < 0.001). More advanced stages of lymphoedema were associated with cellulitis even after adjustment for swelling duration and control of swelling by logistic regression (stage II OR 5.44, stage III OR 9.13, p = 0.002), demonstrated in a subgroup analysis.

Conclusion

Patients with advanced arm lymphoedema are at particular risk of developing cellulitis. Prevention of lymphoedema progression is crucial. The results lend towards a positive effect of having well-treated lymphoedema on the frequency of cellulitis.
Cost-effectiveness of linezolid to ventilator-associated pneumonia in Colombia
Authors: Buendía Jefferson Antonio , Patiño Diana Guerrero , Zuluaga Salazar Andrés Felipe
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Due to the increase in Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, it is important to consider other more effective and safer alternatives compared to vancomycin. This motivates evaluating whether the use of an apparently more expensive drug such as linezolid can be cost-effective in Colombia.

Methods

A decision tree was used to simulate the results in terms of the cost and proportion of cured patients. In the simulation, patients can receive antibiotic treatment with linezolid (LZD 600 mg IV/12 h) or vancomycin (VCM 15 mg/kg iv/12 h) for 7 days, patients they can experience events adverse (renal failure and thrombocytopenia). The model was analyzed probabilistically, and a value of information analysis was conducted to inform the value of conducting further research to reduce current uncertainties in the evidence base. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated at a willingness-to-pay (WTP) value of US$5180.

Results

The mean incremental cost of LZD versus VCM is US$-517. This suggests that LZD is less costly. The proportion of patients cured when treated with LZD compared with VCM is 53 vs. 43%, respectively. The mean incremental benefit of LZD versus VCM is 10 This position of absolute dominance (LZD has lower costs and higher proportion of clinical cure than no supplementation) is unnecessary to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. There is uncertainty with a 0.999 probability that LZD is more cost-effective than VCM. Our base‐case results were robust to variations in all assumptions and parameters.

Conclusion

LNZ is a cost-effective strategy for patients, ≥ 18 years of age, with VAP in Colombia- Our study provides evidence that can be used by decision-makers to improve clinical practice guidelines.
Recognition of eye diseases based on deep neural networks for transfer learning and improved D-S evidence theory
Authors: Du Fanyu , Zhao Lishuai , Luo Hui , Xing Qijia , Wu Jun , Zhu Yuanzhong , Xu Wansong , He Wenjing , Wu Jianfang
Published: January 2024

Background

Human vision has inspired significant advancements in computer vision, yet the human eye is prone to various silent eye diseases. With the advent of deep learning, computer vision for detecting human eye diseases has gained prominence, but most studies have focused only on a limited number of eye diseases.

Results

Our model demonstrated a reduction in inherent bias and enhanced robustness. The fused network achieved an Accuracy of 0.9237, Kappa of 0.878, F1 Score of 0.914 (95% CI [0.875–0.954]), Precision of 0.945 (95% CI [0.928–0.963]), Recall of 0.89 (95% CI [0.821–0.958]), and an AUC value of ROC at 0.987. These metrics are notably higher than those of comparable studies.

Conclusions

Our deep neural network-based model exhibited improvements in eye disease recognition metrics over models from peer research, highlighting its potential application in this field.

Methods

In deep learning-based eye recognition, to improve the learning efficiency of the model, we train and fine-tune the network by transfer learning. In order to eliminate the decision bias of the models and improve the credibility of the decisions, we propose a model decision fusion method based on the D-S theory. However, D-S theory is an incomplete and conflicting theory, we improve and eliminate the existed paradoxes, propose the improved D-S evidence theory(ID-SET), and apply it to the decision fusion of eye disease recognition models.
Inflammatory markers are associated with infertility prevalence: a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES 2013–2020
Authors: Chen Yanfen , Xu Huanying , Yan Jianxing , Wen Qidan , Ma Mingjun , Xu Ningning , Zou Haoxi , Xing Xiaoyan , Wang Yingju , Wu Suzhen
Published: January 2024

Background

Inflammation exerts a critical role in the pathogenesis of infertility. The relationship between inflammatory parameters from peripheral blood and infertility remains unclear. Aim of this study was to investigate the association between inflammatory markers and infertility among women of reproductive age in the United States.

Methods

Women aged 20–45 were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2020 for the present cross-sectional study. Data of reproductive status was collected from the Reproductive Health Questionnaire. Six inflammatory markers, systemic immune inflammation index (SII), lymphocyte count (LC), product of platelet and neutrophil count (PPN), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) were calculated from complete blood counts in mobile examination center. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess the association between inflammatory markers and infertility in four different models, then restricted cubic spline (RCS) plot was used to explore non-linearity association between inflammatory markers and infertility. Subgroup analyses were performed to further clarify effects of other covariates on association between inflammatory markers and infertility.

Results

A total of 3,105 women aged 20–45 was included in the final analysis, with 431 (13.88%) self-reported infertility. A negative association was found between log2-SII, log2-PLR and infertility, with an OR of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.78,1.15; p = 0.60), 0.80 (95% CI:0.60,1.05; p = 0.10), respectively. The results were similar in model 1, model 2, and model 3. Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1), the third quartile (Q3) of log2-SII was negatively correlation with infertility, with an OR (95% CI) of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.37,0.85; p = 0.01) in model 3. Similarly, the third quartile (Q3) of log2-PLR was negatively correlation with infertility, with an OR (95% CI) of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.43,0.88; p = 0.01) in model 3. No significant association was observed between log2-LC, log2-PPN, log2-NLR, log2-LMR and infertility in model 3. A similar U-shaped relationship between log2-SII and infertility was found (p for non-linear < 0.05). The results of subgroup analyses revealed that associations between the third quartile (Q3) of log2-SII, log2-PLR and infertility were nearly consistent.

Conclusion

The findings showed that SII and PLR were negatively associated with infertility. Further studies are needed to explore their association better and the underlying mechanisms.
Factors predicting depressive symptoms in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in eastern China
Authors: Chen Xu , Tong Jiao , Zhang Weijing , Wang Xin , Ma Shan , Shi Dongdong , Yan Dongmei , Liu Yan
Published: January 2024

Background

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at a higher risk of depression than parents of typically developing children and those of children with other developmental disorders. Depression affects the well-being and quality of life of parents of children with ASD and has serious consequences for the long-term health outcomes of children with ASD. Therefore, this study explored the current status of depressive symptoms in parents of children with ASD in eastern China and further analyzed multiple aspects of the predictors of depressive symptoms.

Methods

A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted among parents of children with ASD in the rehabilitation department of a large specialized hospital and 10 rehabilitation centers for children with special needs in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, Eastern China. A structured questionnaire that focused on child-related factors, parent-related factors, depressive symptoms, courtesy stigma, and social support was used to obtain data. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the independent predictors of depressive symptoms in parents of children with ASD.

Results

A total of 409 parents of children with ASD were recruited, of whom 18.8% had depressive symptoms. Parents of children with ASD who raised a child who spoke few to no words (odds ratio [OR]: 2.747, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.026–7.357), claimed a high economic burden (OR: 3.215, 95% CI: 1.234–8.379), reported no change or increased severity of ASD in their children (OR: 2.518, 95% CI: 1.108–5.720), and those with a higher courtesy stigma score (OR: 1.189, 95% CI: 1.093–1.294) were more likely to have depressive symptoms. Conversely, parents of children with ASD who were employed (OR: 0.427, 95% CI: 0.201–0.907), satisfied with their current marital status (OR: 0.429, 95% CI: 0.221–0.834), and those with a higher social support score (OR: 0.973, 95% CI: 0.950–0.996) were less likely to have depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Depressive symptoms are common in parents of children with ASD in eastern China. Therefore, screening and intervention for depressive symptoms in parents of children with ASD is necessary, especially for those with high-risk factors.
A cross sectional study exploring the relationship of self-reported physical activity with function, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy and quality of life in an Asian population seeking care for knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Goff Anthony J. , Jones Lester E. , Lim Chien Joo , Tan Bryan Yijia
Published: January 2024

Background

Physical activity is a guideline-recommended first-line intervention for people with knee osteoarthritis. Physical activity levels, and its potential correlates, is underexplored in Asian populations with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods

Participants enrolled in a longitudinal study in Singapore self-reported physical activity (UCLA activity score), function (Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS-12]), kinesiophobia (Brief fear of movement [BFOM]), self-efficacy (ASES-8), and quality of life (EQ-5D-5 L). One-Way ANOVA was used to test the difference in outcomes between UCLA categories, while ordinal logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors to physical activity level.

Results

Seventy-three percent of all enrolled participants (n = 311/425) reported either inactivity or low physical activity (median 4, IQR 3–5). Significant, weak, positive correlations were observed be-tween UCLA activity score and either KOOS-12 (Spearman’s rho: 0.1961; p < 0.001), ASES-8 (0.1983; p = 0.004), or EQ-5D-5 L (0.2078; p < 0.001). A significant, weak, negative correlation was observed between physical activity and BFOM (-0.2183; p < 0.001). Significant differences in function between groups (moderate vs. inactive or low physical activity) were not clinically important. Participants with obesity, from the eldest age category (i.e. ≥75), or who identified as Malay or female, were less physically active than those with a healthy BMI, below the age of 54, or who identified as Chinese or male, respectively.

Conclusion

Healthcare professionals in Asia should be aware of the large proportion of people with knee osteoarthritis who are either inactive or have low physical activity levels. Screening for, and offering interventions to promote, physical activity and its correlates should be prioritised.
Results of thyroidectomies according to general surgeons and otolaryngologist and cervico faciale surgeons at the general Hospital of Reference of Niamey, what differences in the protocols of management?
Authors: Saidou A. , Djafarou A. B. , Alfari A. A. , Zabeirou Oudou A. , Ide K. , Bakou O. G. , Younssa H. , James Didier L. , Sani R.
Published: January 2024

Objective

To evaluate the surgical management of thyroid pathologies at the Reference General Hospital.

Methods

This was a retro-prospective study over 4 years 6 months carried out in the departments of General and Digestive Surgery (GDS) and Otorhinolaryngology and Cervico Facial Surgery (ORL/FCS). It involved 182 patients who underwent thyroid surgery.

Results

A frequency of thyroidectomy of 9.46% was found. Females predominated with a sex ratio of 0.1. The average age of patients was 42.85 years, a standard deviation 12.80. 84.06% of patients had consulted for anterior cervical mass. EU-TIRADS score 3 represented 7,14% of cases. Heteromultinodular goiter was the main indication for thyroid surgery (59.34%). Total thyroidectomy was the most commonly performed gesture in general surgery in 88,23% (n = 105), in Otorhinolaryngology, it was in the same proportion as lobo-isthmectomy at 47.61% (n = 30). The first route was video-assisted thyroidectomy 2.2% (n = 4). The recurrent laryngeal nerve was dissected and seen in 159 cases (87.36%) and parathyroid glands were also seen and preserved in 58.24% of cases (n = 106). In immediate postoperative surgery, the main complications were unilateral recurrent paralysis with dysphonia in 3.3% (n = 6) and compressive hematoma in 2.2% (n = 4). No deaths had been recorded.

Conclusion

Total thyroidectomy was the most performed procedure in department of General and Digestive Surgery. Routine oral calcium and vitamin D supplementation in the general surgery ward, reduces the occurrence of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy and allows a safe and early exit. Standardizing protocols will further reduce complications.
Algorithm for the reconstruction of the parotid region: a single institution experience
Authors: Dou Chun-Bo , Ma Si-Rui , Zhang Shi-Long , Su Heng , Yu Zi-Li , Jia Jun
Published: January 2024

Objective

This study aims to discuss the characteristics and treatment methods of malignant tumors in the parotid region, as well as the therapeutic effects of immediate free flap reconstruction of soft tissue for postoperative defects.

Materials and methods

A retrospective review was conducted on 11 cases of soft tissue flap reconstruction for postoperative defects following the resection of malignant tumors in the parotid region. Statistical analysis was performed based on clinical data.

Results

Among the 11 cases of malignant tumors in the parotid region, there were 2 cases of secretory carcinoma (SC) of the salivary gland, 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 2 cases of carcinosarcoma, 1 case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), 1 case of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC), 1 case of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), 1 case of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and 1 case of osteosarcoma. Among these cases, 4 were initial diagnoses and 7 were recurrent tumors. The defect repairs involved: 8 cases with anterolateral thigh free flap (ALTF), 2 cases with pectoralis major muscle flaps, and 1 case with forearm flap. The size of the flaps ranged from approximately 1 cm × 3 cm to 7 cm × 15 cm. The recipient vessels included: 4 cases with the facial artery, 4 cases with the superior thyroid artery, and 1 case with the external carotid artery. The ratio of recipient vein anastomosis was: 57% for branches of the internal jugular vein, 29% for the facial vein, and 14% for the external jugular vein. Among the 8 cases that underwent neck lymph node dissection, one case showed lymph node metastasis on pathological examination. In the initial diagnosis cases, 2 cases received postoperative radiotherapy, and 1 case received 125I seed implantation therapeutic treatment after experiencing two recurrences. Postoperative follow-up revealed that 2 cases underwent reoperation due to local tumor recurrence, and there were 2 cases lost to follow-up. The survival outcomes after treatment included: one case of distant metastasis and one case of death from non-cancerous diseases.

Conclusion

Immediate soft tissue flap reconstruction is an important and valuable option to address postoperative defects in patients afflicted with malignant tumors in the parotid region.