bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scaling Performance via Self-Tuning Approximation for Graphics Engines
Authors: Samadi Mehrzad , Lee Janghaeng , Jamshidi D. Anoushe , Mahlke Scott , Hormati Amir
Published: September 2014

Approximate computing, where computation accuracy is traded off for better performance or higher data throughput, is one solution that can help data processing keep pace with the current and growing abundance of information. For particular domains, such as multimedia and learning algorithms, approximation is commonly used today. We consider automation to be essential to provide transparent approximation, and we show that larger benefits can be achieved by constructing the approximation techniques to fit the underlying hardware. Our target platform is the GPU because of its high performance capabilities and difficult programming challenges that can be alleviated with proper automation. Our approach—SAGE—combines a static compiler that automatically generates a set of CUDA kernels with varying levels of approximation with a runtime system that iteratively selects among the available kernels to achieve speedup while adhering to a target output quality set by the user. The SAGE compiler employs three optimization techniques to generate approximate kernels that exploit the GPU microarchitecture: selective discarding of atomic operations, data packing, and thread fusion. Across a set of machine learning and image processing kernels, SAGE's approximation yields an average of 2.5× speedup with less than 10% quality loss compared to the accurate execution on a NVIDIA GTX 560 GPU.
A Survey of Interdependent Information Security Games
Authors: Laszka Aron , Felegyhazi Mark , Buttyan Levente
Published: September 2014

Risks faced by information system operators and users are not only determined by their own security posture, but are also heavily affected by the security-related decisions of others. This interdependence between information system operators and users is a fundamental property that shapes the efficiency of security defense solutions. Game theory is the most appropriate method to model the strategic interactions between these participants. In this survey, we summarize game-theoretic interdependence models, characterize the emerging security inefficiencies, and present mechanisms to improve the security decisions of the participants. We focus our attention on games with interdependent defenders and do not discuss two-player attacker-defender games. Our goal is to distill the main insights from the state of the art and to identify the areas that need more attention from the research community.
Antidiabetic Effect of Methanolic Extract from Berberis julianae Schneid. via Activation of AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase in Type 2 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhao Ping , Wan Dingrong , Zhou Qi , Wang Chao , Shu Guangwen , Mei Zhinan , Yang Xinzhou
Published: September 2014

We have investigated the antidiabetic effect and mechanism of methanolic extract of Berberis julianae Schneid. (BJSME) in STZ induced Type 2 diabetes mellitus mice. T2DM mice were induced by high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin (STZ). BJSME was orally administrated at the doses of 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg/d, for 21 days. Metformin was used as positive control drug. Food intake, body weight, plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, insulin, and blood‐lipid content were measured. The effects of BJSME on the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation in L6 myotubes and the GLUT4 protein expression in skeletal muscle as well as phosphorylation of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) in liver and muscle were examined. In vitro and in vivo results indicate that BJSME increased GLUT4 translocation by 1.8‐fold and BJSME significantly improved the oral glucose tolerance and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) of serum and reduced body weight, glucose, and other related blood‐lipid contents. The BJSME treatment also stimulated the phosphorylation of AMPK. Thus, BJSME seems to possess promising beneficial effects for the treatment of T2DM with the possible mechanism via stimulating AMPK activity.
Diagnostic Imaging of Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Case and Discussion of the Literature
Authors: Kellock Trenton , Tuong Betty , Harris Alison C. , Yoshida Eric
Published: September 2014

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are derived from neuroendocrine cells that are capable of producing functional peptide hormones. These tumors occur most frequently in the GI tract and lungs. GI NETs frequently metastasize into the liver, though NETs of primary hepatic origin are extremely rare. Ultrasound, CT, and MRI are typically all employed for characterization of these lesions but their appearance on diagnostic imaging can be highly variable. Reported here is an interesting case of a primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor (PHNET), along with a discussion of the imaging characteristics of these tumors. Additionally, the current standards for definitive diagnosis and treatment of PHNETs are discussed.
Steady-State Response of Periodically Switched Linear Circuits via Augmented Time-Invariant Nodal Analysis
Authors: Trinchero Riccardo , Stievano Igor S. , Canavero Flavio G.
Published: September 2014

We focus on the simulation of periodically switched linear circuits. The basic notation and theoretical framework are presented, with emphasis on the differences between the linear time-invariant and the time-varying cases. For this important class of circuits and sources defined by periodic signals, the computation of their steady-state response is carried out via the solution of an augmented time-invariant MNA equation in the frequency-domain. The proposed method is based on the expansion of the unknown voltages and currents in terms of Fourier series and on the automatic generation of augmented equivalents of the circuit components. The above equivalents along with the information on circuit topology allow creating, via circuit inspection, a time-invariant MNA equation, the solution of which provides the coefficients of both the time- and the frequency-domain responses of the circuit. Analytical and numerical examples are used to stress the generality and benefits of the proposed approach.
A Comparative Study of Newly Developed HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-UV Assays for the Determination of Posaconazole in Bulk Powder and Suspension Dosage Form
Authors: Hamdy Dalia A. , Belal Tarek S.
Published: September 2014

Objective. To develop and compare HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-UV assays for the quantitation of posaconazole in bulk powder and suspension dosage form.Methods. Posaconazole linearity range was 5–50 μg/mL for both assays. For HPLC-DAD assay, samples were injected through Zorbax SB-C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) column. The gradient elution composed of the mobile phase acetonitrile: 15 mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (30 : 70 to 80 : 20, linear over 7 minutes) pumped at 1.5 mL/min. For UHPLC-UV assay, samples were injected through Kinetex-C18 (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.3 μm) column. The mobile phase composed of acetonitrile: 15 mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (45 : 55) pumped isocratically at 0.4 mL/min. Detection wavelength was 262 nm in both methods.Results. The run time was 11 and 3 minutes for HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-UV assays, respectively. Both assays were linear (r2>0.999) with CV% and % error of the mean <3%. Limits of detection and quantitation were 0.82 and 2.73 μg/mL for HPLC-DAD and 1.04 and 3.16 μg/mL for UHPLC-UV, respectively. The methods quantitated PSZ in suspension dosage form with no observable interferences.Conclusions. Both assays were proven sensitive and selective according to ICH guidelines. UHPLC-UV assay exhibited some economic and chromatographic separation superiority.
Optimal Control with Time Delays via the Penalty Method
Authors: Benharrat Mohammed , Torres Delfim F. M.
Published: September 2014

We prove necessary optimality conditions of Euler‐Lagrange type for a problem of the calculus of variations with time delays, where the delay in the unknown function is different from the delay in its derivative. Then, a more general optimal control problem with time delays is considered. Main result gives a convergence theorem, allowing us to obtain a solution to the delayed optimal control problem by considering a sequence of delayed problems of the calculus of variations.
Optimization of Sampling Cell Size for Fingerprint Positioning
Authors: Liu Wei , Chen Yongle , Xiong Yongping , Sun Limin , Zhu Hongsong
Published: September 2014

The fingerprint positioning based on received signal strength has a widespread development in many applications since the technology does not depend on additional hardware deployment. However, the site survey process which is executed before fingerprint positioning is time consuming and labor intensive. Sampling cell size directly affects the localization precision and the survey workload. We propose a sampling cell size optimization method to release the survey workload while holding the precision. We adopted the Gaussian process model to estimate the received signal strength based on some samples and used the inherent maximum Euclidean error of fingerprint vectors to compute the optimal cell size. We conduct some experiments to validate the efficiency of the mechanism. And the results show that our method can largely reduce the workload of the site survey process.
Grasps Recognition and Evaluation of Stroke Patients for Supporting Rehabilitation Therapy
Authors: Leon Beatriz , Basteris Angelo , Infarinato Francesco , Sale Patrizio , Nijenhuis Sharon , Prange Gerdienke , Amirabdollahian Farshid
Published: September 2014

Stroke survivors often suffer impairments on their wrist and hand. Robot-mediated rehabilitation techniques have been proposed as a way to enhance conventional therapy, based on intensive repeated movements. Amongst the set of activities of daily living, grasping is one of the most recurrent. Our aim is to incorporate the detection of grasps in the machine-mediated rehabilitation framework so that they can be incorporated into interactive therapeutic games. In this study, we developed and tested a method based on support vector machines for recognizing various grasp postures wearing a passive exoskeleton for hand and wrist rehabilitation after stroke. The experiment was conducted with ten healthy subjects and eight stroke patients performing the grasping gestures. The method was tested in terms of accuracy and robustness with respect to intersubjects’ variability and differences between different grasps. Our results show reliable recognition while also indicating that the recognition accuracy can be used to assess the patients’ ability to consistently repeat the gestures. Additionally, a grasp quality measure was proposed to measure the capabilities of the stroke patients to perform grasp postures in a similar way than healthy people. These two measures can be potentially used as complementary measures to other upper limb motion tests.
Successful Treatment of Iatrogenic Vertebral Pseudoaneurysm Using Pipeline Embolization Device
Authors: Ambekar Sudheer , Sharma Mayur , Smith Donald , Cuellar Hugo
Published: September 2014

Traumatic pseudoaneurysms are uncommon and one of the most difficult lesions to treat. Traditional treatment methods have focused on parent vessel sacrifice with or without revascularization. We report the case of a patient who underwent successful treatment of an iatrogenic extracranial vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm using the Pipeline Embolization Device. A 47-year-old man sustained an inadvertent injury to the left vertebral artery during C1-C2 fixation. Subsequent imaging revealed an iatrogenic vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm. Immediate angiogram was normal. A repeat angiogram done after 3 days of the surgery revealed a vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm. He underwent aneurysm exclusion and vascular reconstruction using the Pipeline Embolization Device. Although flow-diverting stents are currently not being used for treating traumatic pseudoaneurysms, their use may be considered in such cases if active bleeding has ceased. In our case, the patient did well and the aneurysm was excluded from circulation while reconstructing the vessel wall.
How Do Sociodemographics and Activity Participations Affect Activity-Travel? Comparative Study between Women and Men
Authors: Yang Min , Wang Wei , Yu Feifei , Ding Jian
Published: September 2014

Activity-travel behaviors of women and men are different because they have different social and household responsibilities. However, studies concerning gender differences are mainly limited in developed countries. This paper concentrates on gender role-based differences in activity-travel behavior in a typical developing country, namely, China. Using data from 3656 cases collected through surveys conducted in Shangyu, data processing, method choice, and descriptive analysis were conducted. Binary and ordered logistic regression models segmented by gender were developed to evaluate the mechanism through which individual sociodemographics, household characteristics, and activity participations affect the number of trip chain types and activities for women and men. The results show that women aged 30 to 50 perform less subsistence activities. However, the difference between the different age groups of men is not as significant. In addition, men with bicycles and electric bicycles have more subsistence and maintenance activities, whereas women do not have these attributes. Moreover, women with children under schooling age make more maintenance trip chains but less leisure trip chains and activities, whereas men are free from this influence. Furthermore, both women and men perform more subsistence activities if the duration increases, and men have less influences than women do.
The Reducibility of a Special Binary Pentanomial
Authors: Kim Ryul , Kim Yun Mi
Published: September 2014

Swan’s theorem determines the parity of the number of irreducible factors of a binary trinomial. In this work, we study the parity of the number of irreducible factors for a special binary pentanomial with even degree xm+xn1+xn2+xn3+1, where 0<n3<n2<n1≤m/2, and exactly one of  n1,n2,  and  n3 is odd. This kind of irreducible pentanomials can be used for a fast implementation of trace and square root computations in finite fields of characteristic 2.
An Order Insertion Scheduling Model of Logistics Service Supply Chain Considering Capacity and Time Factors
Authors: Liu Weihua , Yang Yi , Wang Shuqing , Liu Yang
Published: September 2014

Order insertion often occurs in the scheduling process of logistics service supply chain (LSSC), which disturbs normal time scheduling especially in the environment of mass customization logistics service. This study analyses order similarity coefficient and order insertion operation process and then establishes an order insertion scheduling model of LSSC with service capacity and time factors considered. This model aims to minimize the average unit volume operation cost of logistics service integrator and maximize the average satisfaction degree of functional logistics service providers. In order to verify the viability and effectiveness of our model, a specific example is numerically analyzed. Some interesting conclusions are obtained. First, along with the increase of completion time delay coefficient permitted by customers, the possible inserting order volume first increases and then trends to be stable. Second, supply chain performance reaches the best when the volume of inserting order is equal to the surplus volume of the normal operation capacity in mass service process. Third, the larger the normal operation capacity in mass service process is, the bigger the possible inserting order’s volume will be. Moreover, compared to increasing the completion time delay coefficient, improving the normal operation capacity of mass service process is more useful.
Structural Comparison, Substrate Specificity, and Inhibitor Binding of AGPase Small Subunit from Monocot and Dicot: Present Insight and Future Potential
Authors: Sarma Kishore , Sen Priyabrata , Barooah Madhumita , Choudhury Manabendra D. , Roychoudhury Shubhadeep , Modi Mahendra K.
Published: September 2014

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is the first rate limiting enzyme of starch biosynthesis pathway and has been exploited as the target for greater starch yield in several plants. The structure-function analysis and substrate binding specificity of AGPase have provided enormous potential for understanding the role of specific amino acid or motifs responsible for allosteric regulation and catalytic mechanisms, which facilitate the engineering of AGPases. We report the three-dimensional structure, substrate, and inhibitor binding specificity of AGPase small subunit from different monocot and dicot crop plants. Both monocot and dicot subunits were found to exploit similar interactions with the substrate and inhibitor molecule as in the case of their closest homologue potato tuber AGPase small subunit. Comparative sequence and structural analysis followed by molecular docking and electrostatic surface potential analysis reveal that rearrangements of secondary structure elements, substrate, and inhibitor binding residues are strongly conserved and follow common folding pattern and orientation within monocot and dicot displaying a similar mode of allosteric regulation and catalytic mechanism. The results from this study along with site-directed mutagenesis complemented by molecular dynamics simulation will shed more light on increasing the starch content of crop plants to ensure the food security worldwide.
Massive Submandibular Sialolith: Complete Radiographic Registration and Biochemical Analysis through X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Franco Ademir , de Carvalho Mattos Mayara Jessica , Ferrari Francine , dos Reis Neto José Manoel , Carta Gambus Luiz Carlos , Couto Souza Paulo Henrique , Berti-Couto Soraya de Azambuja
Published: September 2014

Sialolithiasis is a pathologic condition that affects 60 million people per year, which is caused by the presence of calcified structures, named sialoliths, inside the salivary glands and their salivary ducts. Despite the large incidence of sialolithiasis, its etiology is still unknown. In the present case report, a 47-year-old female patient, presenting with local pain and hampered mouth opening, underwent a surgical approach for the removal of a 20 mm sialolith, which was further analyzed through X-ray diffraction. In parallel, a radiographic registration of 8 years, covering all the period for sialolith formation, is presented along the case report.
Alterations in the Anandamide Metabolism in the Development of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Malek Natalia , Kucharczyk Mateusz , Starowicz Katarzyna
Published: September 2014

Endocannabinoids (EC), particularly anandamide (AEA), released constitutively in pain pathways might be accountable for the inhibitory effect on nociceptors. Pathogenesis of neuropathic pain may reflect complex remodeling of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord EC system. Multiple pathways involved both in the biosynthesis and degradation of AEA have been suggested. We investigated the local synthesis and degradation features of AEA in DRGs and spinal cord during the development and maintenance of pain in a model of chronic constriction injury (CCI). All AEA synthesis and degradation enzymes are present on the mRNA level in DRGs and lumbar spinal cord of intact as well as CCI-treated animals. Deregulation of EC system components was consistent with development of pain phenotype at days 3, 7, and 14 after CCI. The expression levels of enzymes involved in AEA degradation was significantly upregulated ipsilateral in DRGs and spinal cord at different time points. Expression of enzymes of the alternative, sPLA2-dependent and PLC-dependent, AEA synthesis pathways was elevated in both of the analyzed structures at all time points. Our data have shown an alteration of alternative AEA synthesis and degradation pathways, which might contribute to the variation of AEA levels and neuropathic pain development.
Land Use/Cover Change Detection and Urban Sprawl Analysis in Bandar Abbas City, Iran
Authors: Dadras Mohsen , Mohd Shafri Helmi Zulhaidi , Ahmad Noordin , Pradhan Biswajeet , Safarpour Sahabeh
Published: September 2014

The process of land use change and urban sprawl has been considered as a prominent characteristic of urban development. This study aims to investigate urban growth process in Bandar Abbas city, Iran, focusing on urban sprawl and land use change during 1956–2012. To calculate urban sprawl and land use changes, aerial photos and satellite images are utilized in different time spans. The results demonstrate that urban region area has changed from 403.77 to 4959.59 hectares between 1956 and 2012. Moreover, the population has increased more than 30 times in last six decades. The major part of population growth is related to migration from other parts the country to Bandar Abbas city. Considering the speed of urban sprawl growth rate, the scale and the role of the city have changed from medium and regional to large scale and transregional. Due to natural and structural limitations, more than 80% of barren lands, stone cliffs, beach zone, and agricultural lands are occupied by built-up areas. Our results revealed that the irregular expansion of Bandar Abbas city must be controlled so that sustainable development could be achieved.
The Possible Efficacy of Artichoke in Fluconazole Related Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Kurt Hüseyin , Toprak Omer , Bülbül Erdoğan
Published: September 2014

Although fluconazole related hepatotoxicity (FRH) is rare, mortal acute hepatic necrosis and jaundice were reported in immunocompromised states such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and bone marrow transplant (BMT). We present a case of a patient with multiple sclerosis who developed hepatotoxicity with the use of a single 150 mg fluconazole tablet for fungal vaginitis, 10 days after methylprednisolone pulse treatment. Our patient’s alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were decreased, 1200 U/L and 800 U/L, respectively, and bilirubin levels were consistent at 37 mg/dL. Artichoke which has anticholestatic and antioxidant properties was used by our patient. She consumed a 30 mg artichoke leaf extract tea 3 times a day. The bilirubin levels significantly declined at the end of the first week and all liver function tests were normalized within 2 months.
Synthesis and Characterization of Rutile Pigments with Cr and Nb
Authors: Večeřa Jan , Šedová Iveta , Mikulášek Petr , Šulcová Petra
Published: September 2014

Rutile pigments Ti1-3xCrxNb2xO2±δ (where x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30 and 0.50) prepared by solid-state reaction are investigated. Chromium is chromophore (coloring ion) and niobium is counterion (charge-compensating element for electroneutrality). The effect of composition (x), calcination temperature (850, 900, 950, 1000, 1050, 1100 and 1150°C), and starting titanium compounds (anatase TiO2, hydrated anatase paste, TiOSO4·2H2O, and hydrated Na2Ti4O9 paste) on their color properties into organic matrix and particle size distribution was observed. According to the highest chroma C and visual color evaluation, yellow and orange pigments were selected as in color the most interesting. They have concentration x=0.05 or 0.10 and are prepared from anatase TiO2 and TiOSO4·2H2O at temperature ≥1050°C.
Evaluation of Fuzzy Logic Subsets Effects on Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic System
Authors: Hajighorbani Shahrooz , Radzi M. A. M. , Ab Kadir M. Z. A. , Shafie S. , Khanaki Razieh , Maghami M. R.
Published: September 2014

Photovoltaic system (PV) has nonlinear characteristics which are affected by changing the climate conditions and, in these characteristics, there is an operating point in which the maximum available power of PV is obtained. Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is the artificial intelligent based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for obtaining the maximum power point (MPP). In this method, defining the logical rule and specific range of membership function has the significant effect on achieving the best and desirable results. This paper presents a detailed comparative survey of five general and main fuzzy logic subsets used for FLC technique in DC-DC boost converter. These rules and specific range of membership functions are implemented in the same system and the best fuzzy subset is obtained from the simulation results carried out in MATLAB. The proposed subset is able to track the maximum power point in minimum time with small oscillations and the highest system efficiency (95.7%). This investigation provides valuable results for all users who want to implement the reliable fuzzy logic subset for their works.
Effect of Chlorogenic Acid (5-Caffeoylquinic Acid) Isolated fromBaccharis oxyodontaon the Structure and Pharmacological Activities of Secretory Phospholipase A2 fromCrotalus durissus terrificus
Authors: Toyama Daniela O. , Ferreira Marcelo J. P. , Romoff Paulete , Fávero Oriana A. , Gaeta Henrique H. , Toyama Marcos H.
Published: September 2014

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid, 5CQA), isolated fromBaccharis oxyodonta, on the structure and pharmacological effect of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) fromCrotalus durissus terrificus. Allin vitroandin vivoexperiments were conducted using a purified sPLA2 compared under the same experimental conditions with sPLA2 : 5CQA. 5CQA induced several discrete modifications in the secondary structure and the hydrophobic characteristics of native sPLA2 that induced slight changes in the α-helical content, increase in the random coil structure, and decrease of fluorescence of native sPLA2. Moreover, 5CQA significantly decreased the enzymatic activity and the oedema and myonecrosis induced by native sPLA2. As the catalytic activity of sPLA2 plays an important role in several of its biological and pharmacological properties, antibacterial activity was used to confirm the decrease in its enzymatic activity by 5CQA, which induced massive bacterial cell destruction. We found that 5CQA specifically abolished the enzymatic activity of sPLA2 and induced discrete protein unfolding that mainly involved the pharmacological site of sPLA2. These results showed the potential application of 5CQA in the snake poisoning treatment and modulation of the pathological effect of inflammation induced by secretory PLA2.
Ulcerated Radiodermatitis Induced after Fluoroscopically Guided Stent Implantation Angioplasty
Authors: Herz-Ruelas Maira Elizabeth , Gómez-Flores Minerva , Moxica-del Angel Joaquín , Miranda-Maldonado Ivett , Gutiérrez-Villarreal Ilse Marilú , Guerrero-González Guillermo Antonio , Villarreal-Rodríguez Adriana Orelia
Published: September 2014

Cases of radiation-induced skin injury after fluoroscopically guided procedures have been reported since 1996, though the majority of them have been published in Radiology and Cardiology literature, less frequently in Dermatology journals. Chronic radiation dermatitis induced by fluoroscopy can be difficult to diagnose; a high grade of suspicion is required. We report a case of an obese 46-year-old man with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and severe coronary artery disease. He developed a pruritic and painful atrophic ulcerated skin plaque over his left scapula, six months after fluoroscopically guided stent implantation angioplasty. The diagnosis of radiodermatitis was confirmed histologically. We report this case to emphasize the importance of recognizing fluoroscopy as a cause of radiation dermatitis. A good clinical follow-up at regular intervals is important after long and complicated procedures, since the most prevalent factor for injury is long exposure time.
On the Convergence and Stability Results for a New General Iterative Process
Authors: Doğan Kadri , Karakaya Vatan
Published: September 2014

We put forward a new general iterative process. We prove a convergence result as well as a stability result regarding this new iterative process for weak contraction operators.
Platelet Rich Plasma and Knee Surgery
Authors: Sánchez Mikel , Delgado Diego , Sánchez Pello , Fiz Nicolás , Azofra Juan , Orive Gorka , Anitua Eduardo , Padilla Sabino
Published: September 2014

In orthopaedic surgery and sports medicine, the knee joint has traditionally been considered the workhorse. The reconstruction of every damaged element in this joint is crucial in achieving the surgeon’s goal to restore the knee function and prevent degeneration towards osteoarthritis. In the last fifteen years, the field of regenerative medicine is witnessing a boost of autologous blood-derived platelet rich plasma products (PRPs) application to effectively mimic and accelerate the tissue healing process. The scientific rationale behind PRPs is the delivery of growth factors, cytokines, and adhesive proteins present in platelets and plasma, as well as other biologically active proteins conveyed by the plasma such as fibrinogen, prothrombin, and fibronectin; with this biological engineering approach, new perspectives in knee surgery were opened. This work describes the use of PRP to construct and repair every single anatomical structure involved in knee surgery, detailing the process conducted in ligament, meniscal, and chondral surgery.
PionpTSpectra inp+pCollisions as a Function ofsand Event Multiplicity
Authors: Sett Priyanka , Shukla Prashant
Published: September 2014

We study the charged pion transverse momentum(pT)spectra inp+pcollisions as a function of collision energysand event multiplicity using Tsallis distribution. This study gives an insight of the pion production process inp+pcollisions. The study covers pion spectra measured inp+pcollisions at SPS energies (6.27–17.27 GeV), RHIC energies (62.4 GeV and 200 GeV), and LHC energies (900 GeV, 2.76 TeV, and 7 TeV). The Tsallis parameters have been obtained and parameterized as a function ofs. The study suggests that as we move to higher energy more and more hard processes contribute to the spectra. We also study the charged pion spectra for different event multiplicities inp+pcollisions for LHC energies using Tsallis distribution. The variation of the Tsallis parameters as a function of event multiplicity has been obtained and their behavior is found to be independent of collision energy.
Obstructive Pseudotumor of Tuberculosis in a Young Woman: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Fatemi Seyyed Reza , Ghobakhlou M. , Alizadeh L.
Published: September 2014

Retroperitoneal pseudotumor is an extremely rare presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The diagnosis of this paucibacillary disease is difficult which is usually misdiagnosed as a malignant tumor. High index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal pseudotumor which can affect prognosis of this disease. Because of its rarity and difficult diagnosis, we report an 18-year-old immunocompetent girl who presented with abdominal pain and vomiting. Upper endoscopy showed an exudative mass between the second and third parts of duodenum. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a large retroperitoneal mass with extension into small bowel. Exploratory laparotomy and histopathological examination of tissue showed calcified granuloma. Ziehl-Neelsen staining and PCR confirmed the tuberculosis. The patient was successfully treated with standard antituberculosis therapy.
Facile Synthesis of Graphene/ZnO Composite as an Anode with Enhanced Performance for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yanhong , Chen Gang , Wang Yu
Published: September 2014

Graphene/ZnO composites with different contents of ZnO have been successfully synthesized via a liquid phase route. The structure, morphology, and electrochemical performances of the composites are investigated by XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM, AFM, and electrochemical measurement. The results reveal that ZnO nanoparticles wedged on the surface of the graphene nanosheets. The initial capacity of graphene/ZnO (1 : 1) reached 1155.27 mAh g−1, which increased 162.87 mAh g−1 compared with the initial capacity of graphene. This could be attributed to the unique structure of the prepared composite and synergies of graphene and ZnO in the lithium ion storage.
Female Aging Alters Expression of Human Cumulus Cells Genes that Are Essential for Oocyte Quality
Authors: Al-Edani Tamadir , Assou Said , Ferrières Alice , Bringer Deutsch Sophie , Gala Anna , Lecellier Charles-Henri , Aït-Ahmed Ounissa , Hamamah Samir
Published: September 2014

Impact of female aging is an important issue in human reproduction. There was a need for an extensive analysis of age impact on transcriptome profile of cumulus cells (CCs) to link oocyte quality and developmental potential with patient’s age. CCs from patients of three age groups were analyzed individually using microarrays. RT-qPCR validation was performed on independent CC cohorts. We focused here on pathways affected by aging in CCs that may explain the decline of oocyte quality with age. In CCs collected from patients >37 years, angiogenic genes includingANGPTL4,LEPR,TGFBR3, andFGF2were significantly overexpressed compared to patients of the two younger groups. In contrast genes implicated in TGF-βsignaling pathway such asAMH,TGFB1, inhibin, and activin receptor were underexpressed. CCs from patients whose ages are between 31 and 36 years showed an overexpression of genes related to insulin signaling pathway such asIGFBP3,PIK3R1, andIGFBP5. A bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify the microRNAs that are potential regulators of the differentially expressed genes of the study. It revealed that the pathways impacted by age were potential targets of specific miRNAs previously identified in our CCs small RNAs sequencing.
Fuzzy Set Field and Fuzzy Metric
Authors: Gebray Gebru , Reddy B. Krishna
Published: September 2014

The notation of fuzzy set field is introduced. A fuzzy metric is redefined on fuzzy set field and on arbitrary fuzzy set in a field. The metric redefined is between fuzzy points and constitutes both fuzziness and crisp property of vector. In addition, a fuzzy magnitude of a fuzzy point in a field is defined.
Remote Dose-Dependent Effects of Dry Needling at Distant Myofascial Trigger Spots of Rabbit Skeletal Muscles on Reduction of Substance P Levels of Proximal Muscle and Spinal Cords
Authors: Hsieh Yueh-Ling , Yang Chen-Chia , Liu Szu-Yu , Chou Li-Wei , Hong Chang-Zern
Published: September 2014

Background. Dry needling at distant myofascial trigger points is an effective pain management in patients with myofascial pain. However, the biochemical effects of remote dry needling are not well understood. This study evaluates the remote effects of dry needling with different dosages on the expressions of substance P (SP) in the proximal muscle, spinal dorsal horns of rabbits.Methods. Male New Zealand rabbits (2.5–3.0 kg) received dry needling at myofascial trigger spots of a gastrocnemius (distant muscle) in one (1D) or five sessions (5D). Bilateral biceps femoris (proximal muscles) and superficial laminaes of L5-S2, T2-T5, and C2-C5 were sampled immediately and 5 days after dry needling to determine the levels of SP using immunohistochemistry and western blot.Results. Immediately after dry needling for 1D and 5D, the expressions of SP were significantly decreased in ipsilateral biceps femoris and bilateral spinal superficial laminaes (P<.05). Five days after dry needling, these reduced immunoactivities of SP were found only in animals receiving 5D dry needling (P<.05).Conclusions. This remote effect of dry needling involves the reduction of SP levels in proximal muscle and spinal superficial laminaes, which may be closely associated with the control of myofascial pain.
Modeling Contact Guidance and Invasion by Cancer Cells
Authors: Sander Leonard M.
Published: September 2014

The first step in the spread of cancer is invasion by malignant cells of the normal tissue surrounding a tumor. There is considerable evidence both in vitro and in vivo that mechanical interactions with the tissue, in particular with the biopolymer network that makes up the extracellular matrix (ECM), are important factors in invasion. The interactions take two forms: (i) contractile cells on the surface of the tumor act on the nearby ECM and remodel it; in some cases, they align the fibers of the biopolymers; (ii) the aligned fibers can enhance invasion via contact guidance, the tendency of motile cells to follow alignment. Here, we give evidence, mainly for in vitro systems, that both effects are important. We discuss how alignment occurs in biopolymers such as collagen-I (a major component of the ECM). We propose a modeling framework for computing alignment and propose phenomenologic models for contact guidance.

See all articles in this Cancer Research section, “Physics in Cancer Research.”

Cancer Res; 74(17); 4588–96. ©2014 AACR.
Therapies with Diverse Mechanisms of Action Kill Cells by a Similar Exponential Process in Advanced Cancers
Authors: Blagoev Krastan B. , Wilkerson Julia , Stein Wilfred D. , Yang James , Bates Susan E. , Fojo Tito
Published: September 2014

Successful cancer treatments are generally defined as those that decrease tumor quantity. In many cases, this decrease occurs exponentially, with deviations from a strict exponential being attributed to a growing fraction of drug-resistant cells. Deviations from an exponential decrease in tumor quantity can also be expected if drugs have a nonuniform spatial distribution inside the tumor, for example, because of interstitial pressure inside the tumor. Here, we examine theoretically different models of cell killing and analyze data from clinical trials based on these models. We show that the best description of clinical outcomes is by first-order kinetics with exponential decrease of tumor quantity. We analyzed the total tumor quantity in a diverse group of clinical trials with various cancers during the administration of different classes of anticancer agents and in all cases observed that the models that best fit the data describe the decrease of the sensitive tumor fraction exponentially. The exponential decrease suggests that all drug-sensitive cancer cells have a single rate-limiting step on the path to cell death. If there are intermediate steps in the path to cell death, they are not rate limiting in the observational time scale utilized in clinical trials—tumor restaging at 6- to 8-week intervals. On shorter time scales, there might be intermediate steps, but the rate-limiting step is the same. Our analysis, thus, points to a common pathway to cell death for cancer cells in patients.

See all articles in this Cancer Research section, “Physics in Cancer Research.”

Cancer Res; 74(17); 4653–62. ©2014 AACR.
New Strategies in Personalized Medicine for Solid Tumors: Molecular Markers and Clinical Trial Designs
Authors: Jürgensmeier Juliane M. , Eder Joseph P. , Herbst Roy S.
Published: September 2014

The delineation of signaling pathways to understand tumor biology combined with the rapid development of technologies that allow broad molecular profiling and data analysis has led to a new era of personalized medicine in oncology. Many academic institutions now routinely profile patients and discuss their cases in meetings of personalized medicine tumor boards before making treatment recommendations. Clinical trials initiated by pharmaceutical companies often require specific markers for enrollment or at least explore multiple options for future markers. In addition to the still small number of targeted agents that are approved for the therapy of patients with histological and molecularly defined tumors, a broad range of novel targeted agents in development are undergoing clinical studies with companion profiling to determine the best-responding patient population. Although the present focus of profiling lies in genetic analyses, additional tests of RNA, protein, and immune parameters are being developed and incorporated in clinical research, and these methods are likely to contribute significantly to future patient selection and treatment approaches. As the advances in tumor biology and human genetics have identified promising tumor targets, the ongoing clinical evaluation of novel agents will now need to show if the promise can be translated into benefit for patients. Clin Cancer Res; 20(17); 4425–35. ©2014 AACR.
A HER 1-2 Punch: Dual EGFR Targeting Deals Resistance a Deadly Blow
Authors: Gibbons Don L. , Byers Lauren Averett
Published: September 2014

Summary: Ten years after the approval of erlotinib, EGFR inhibitor resistance remains a major clinical challenge. The translation of afatinib plus cetuximab into the clinic provides a promising new option for the treatment of patients with EGFR-mutated lung cancer. Cancer Discov; 4(9); 991–4. ©2014 AACR.

See related article by Janjigian et al., p. 1036
Combining Radiation and Immunotherapy: A New Systemic Therapy for Solid Tumors?
Authors: Tang Chad , Wang Xiaohong , Soh Hendrick , Seyedin Steven , Cortez Maria Angelica , Krishnan Sunil , Massarelli Erminia , Hong David , Naing Aung , Diab Adi , Gomez Daniel , Ye Huiping , Heymach John , Komaki Ristuko , Allison James P. , Sharma Padmanee , Welsh James W.
Published: September 2014

With the recent success of checkpoint inhibitors and other immunomodulating agents, there has been renewed interest in the combination of such agents with radiation. The biologic premise behind such a strategy is that the tumor-antigen release achieved by localized radiation will promote specific tumor targeting by the adaptive immune system, which can be augmented further by systemic immune-stimulating agents. In this manner, clinicians hope to induce a phenomenon known as the abscopal effect, whereby localized radiation results in immune-mediated tumor regression in disease sites well outside of the radiation field. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the early clinical and preclinical evidence behind this approach. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(9); 831–8. ©2014 AACR.
Fibrinogen and factor XIII at the intersection of coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammation
Authors: Hoppe Berthold
Published: September 2014

Fibrinogen and factor XIII are two essential proteins that are involved directly in fibrin gel formation as the final step of a sequence of reactions triggered by a procoagulant stimulus. Haemostasis is the most obvious function of the resulting fibrin clot. Different variables affect the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin as well as the mode of fibrin polymerisation and fibrin crosslinking, hereby, critically influencing the architecture of the resulting fibrin network and consequently determining its mechanical strength and resistance against fibrinolysis. Due to fibrinogen’s structure with a multitude of domains and binding motifs the fibrin gel allows for complex interactions with other coagulation factors, with profibrinolytic as well as antifibrinolyic proteins, with complement factors and with various cellular receptors. These interactions enable the fibrin network to control its own further state (i. e. expansion or degradation), to influence innate immunity, and to function as a scaffold for cell migration processes. During the whole process of fibrin gel formation biologically active peptides and protein fragments are released that additionally influence cellular processes via chemotaxis or by modulating cell-cell interactions. Thus, it is not surprising that fibrinogen and factor XIII in addition to their haemostatic function influence innate immunity as well as cell-mediated reactions like wound healing, response to tissue injury or inflammatory processes. The present review summarises current knowledge of fibrinogen’s and factor XIII’s function in coagulation and fibrinolysis giving special emphasis on their relation to inflammation control.
Targeted Analysis of Whole Genome Sequence Data to Diagnose Genetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Golbus Jessica R. , Puckelwartz Megan J. , Dellefave-Castillo Lisa , Fahrenbach John P. , Nelakuditi Viswateja , Pesce Lorenzo L. , Pytel Peter , McNally Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2014

Background—

Cardiomyopathy is highly heritable but genetically diverse. At present, genetic testing for cardiomyopathy uses targeted sequencing to simultaneously assess the coding regions of >50 genes. New genes are routinely added to panels to improve the diagnostic yield. With the anticipated $1000 genome, it is expected that genetic testing will shift toward comprehensive genome sequencing accompanied by targeted gene analysis. Therefore, we assessed the reliability of whole genome sequencing and targeted analysis to identify cardiomyopathy variants in 11 subjects with cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results—

Whole genome sequencing with an average of 37× coverage was combined with targeted analysis focused on 204 genes linked to cardiomyopathy. Genetic variants were scored using multiple prediction algorithms combined with frequency data from public databases. This pipeline yielded 1 to 14 potentially pathogenic variants per individual. Variants were further analyzed using clinical criteria and segregation analysis, where available. Three of 3 previously identified primary mutations were detected by this analysis. In 6 subjects for whom the primary mutation was previously unknown, we identified mutations that segregated with disease, had clinical correlates, and had additional pathological correlation to provide evidence for causality. For 2 subjects with previously known primary mutations, we identified additional variants that may act as modifiers of disease severity. In total, we identified the likely pathological mutation in 9 of 11 (82%) subjects.

Conclusions—

These pilot data demonstrate that ≈30 to 40× coverage whole genome sequencing combined with targeted analysis is feasible and sensitive to identify rare variants in cardiomyopathy-associated genes.
Generic Synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part II—Cerapachyinae, Aenictinae, Dorylinae, Leptanillinae, Amblyoponinae, Ponerinae, Ectatomminae and Proceratiinae
Authors: EGUCHI KATSUYUKI , VIET BUI TUAN , YAMANE SEIKI
Published: September 2014

Of the subfamilies and genera known from Vietnam, the following taxa are treated in this second part of the series entitled “Generic Synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam”: Cerapachyinae: Cerapachys, Simopone; Aenictinae: Aenictus; Dorylinae: Dorylus; Leptanillinae: Leptanilla, Protanilla; Amblyoponinae: Myopopone, Mystrium, Opamyrma, Prionopelta, Stigmatomma; Ponerinae: Anochetus, Brachyponera, Buniapone, Centromyrmex, Cryptopone, Diacamma, Ectomomyrmex, Euponera, Harpegnathos, Hypoponera, Leptogenys, Mesoponera, Odontomachus, Odontoponera, Parvaponera, Platythyrea, Ponera, Pseudoneoponera; Ectatomminae: Gnamptogenys; Proceratiinae: Discothyrea, Probolomyrmex, Proceratium. For each of these subfamilies we provide keys to genera (when there is more than one genus) known from Vietnam. For each genus we provide a synopsis and a list of Vietnamese species.
Spatial patterns of violent crimes and neighborhood characteristics in Changchun, China
Authors: Liu Daqian , Song Wei , Xiu Chunliang
Published: September 2014

Crime is one of the major concerns facing Chinese cities. Using crime data compiled at police precinct level in 2008, this research examines spatial patterns of violent crimes in Changchun, and explores the relationship between the spatial distribution of violent crimes and neighborhood characteristics. Crime rates are applied as a measure of the intensity of violent crimes. Spatial statistics and geographic information systems are used to detect violent crime hot spots, or statistically significant locales of high violent crime rates in Changchun. A multiple linear regression model is calibrated to assess the impacts of contextual neighborhood characteristics on violent crimes. The analytical results demonstrate that the risk or intensity of violent crimes is strongly concentrated in the central city area, and neighborhood socioeconomic, demographic, especially land use characteristics are effective in accounting for the spatial variation in the distribution of violent crimes across the city of Changchun. These findings are largely in line with the routine activities theory, social disorganization theory, and the framework of crime prevention through environmental design, which emphasize the importance of opportunities, local social context, and environmental design in shaping the spatial pattern of and reducing urban crimes.