bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shock wave and modelling study of the unimolecular dissociation of Si(CH3)2F2: an access to spectroscopic and kinetic properties of SiF2
Authors: Cobos C. J. , Sölter L. , Tellbach E. , Troe J.
Published: September 2021

Falloff curves of the unimolecular dissociation of Si(CH3)2F2 are determined in shock waves and compared to modelling results. High-temperature UV absorption cross sections of SiF2 are also derived.
Subtle hydrogen bonds: benchmarking with OH stretching fundamentals of vicinal diols in the gas phase
Authors: Hartwig Beppo , Suhm Martin A.
Published: September 2021

The correlation between substitution and OH vibrational frequency in vicinal diols is explored experimentally and the DFT performance in describing the trends is analysed.
Effect of the substituents of new coumarin-imidazo[1,2-a]heterocyclic-3-acrylate derivatives on nonlinear optical properties: a combined experimental-theoretical approach
Authors: Vázquez Juan Luis , Velazco-Cabral Iván , Alvarado-Méndez Edgar , Trejo-Durán Mónica , Flores-Alamo Marcos , Peña-Cabrera Eduardo , García-Revilla Marco A. , Vázquez Miguel A.
Published: September 2021

The synthesis, Z-scan, DFT-theoretical studies are described about effect of substituents of novel coumarin-imidazo[1,2-a]heterocyclic-3-acrylate derivatives on nonlinear optics.
Lanthanide-dependent coordination interactions in lanmodulin: a 2D IR and molecular dynamics simulations study
Authors: Liu Stephanie , Featherston Emily R. , Cotruvo Joseph A. , Baiz Carlos R.
Published: September 2021

Lanmodulin's selectivity for lanthanides is determined by a highly-tuned balance of mono and bi-dentate carboxylate configurations. A proline mutation impacts the orientation of key coordinating residues and increases binding-site disorder.
Sustainable production of pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and bioactive compounds from biomass and waste
Authors: Espro Claudia , Paone Emilia , Mauriello Francesco , Gotti Roberto , Uliassi Elisa , Bolognesi Maria Laura , Rodríguez-Padrón Daily , Luque Rafael
Published: September 2021

The aim of this tutorial review is to provide a general overview of processes, technologies and challenges in the production of pharmaceutical and bioactive compounds from food waste and lignocellulosic residues.
Sustainable synthesis of vanillin through base-free selective oxidation using synergistic AgPd nanoparticles loaded on ZrO2
Authors: Sun Weixiao , Lin Peng , Tang Qinghu , Jing Fangli , Cao Qiue , Fang Wenhao
Published: September 2021

Sustainable synthesis of vanillin was realized over a synergistic AgPd/ZrO2 catalyst through the base-free selective oxidation of vanillyl alcohol.
Design of closed-loop recycling production of a Diels–Alder polymer from a biomass-derived difuran as a functional additive for polyurethanes
Authors: Chang Hochan , Kim Min Soo , Huber George W. , Dumesic James A.
Published: September 2021

A sustainable closed-loop recycling system for production of a new performance polymer by acetalization, Diels–Alder reaction, and hydrolysis of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethyl furfural.
Electrochemical oxidative radical cascade cyclization of olefinic amides and thiophenols towards the synthesis of sulfurated benzoxazines, oxazolines and iminoisobenzofurans
Authors: Lu Fangling , Xu Jie , Li Hao , Wang Ke , Ouyang Dandan , Sun Linghong , Huang Mingna , Jiang Jianwei , Hu Jianguo , Alhumade Hesham , Lu Lijun , Lei Aiwen
Published: September 2021

Heterocycles containing N and O are important structures in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and functional molecules.
A hydrogen bond cross-linked luminescent supramolecular network polymer and its application for the detection of alkyl iodides with differentiation capabilities from aromatic iodides
Authors: Behere Ravi Prakash , Rajlaxmi  , Gupta Neelam , Roy Susmita , Gautam Ram Nayan , Bharty Manoj Kumar , Chakroborty Chanchal , Kuila Biplab Kumar
Published: September 2021

A luminescent supramolecular polymer consisting of poly(4-vinyl pyridine) and perylene diimide was prepared through a H-bond cross-linking strategy and used for alkyl iodide sensing.
Waste utilization of crab shell: 3D hierarchical porous carbon towards high-performance Na/Li storage
Authors: Wang Xiao-Tong , Yu Hai-Yue , Liang Hao-Jie , Gu Zhen-Yi , Nie Ping , Wang Hao-Yu , Guo Jin-Zhi , Ang Edison Huixiang , Wu Xing-Long
Published: September 2021

Waste into wealth: an advanced anode material with a unique 3D porous structure derived from discarded crab shells.
Polarization-switching pathway determined electrical transport behaviors in rhombohedral BiFeO3 thin films
Authors: Wang Jing , Yang Huayu , Wang Yue , Fan Yuanyuan , Liu Di , Yang Yuben , Wu Jialu , Chen Mingfeng , Gao Rongzhen , Huang Houbing , Wang Xueyun , Hong Jiawang , Ma Jing , Zhang Jinxing , Nan Ce-Wen
Published: September 2021

This study demonstrates the polarization-switching pathway determined electrical transport behaviors in BiFeO3 thin films with a point-contact geometry.
Quantum well states and sizable Rashba splitting on Pb induced α-phase Bi/Si(111) surface reconstruction
Authors: Chi Longxing , Singh Chandra Veer , Nogami Jun
Published: September 2021

Discovery of a -Pb/Bi/Si(111) surface reconstruction with sizable Rashba spin splitting and achievable quantum well states.
A highly stable aliphatic backbone from visible light-induced RAFT polymerization for anion exchange membranes
Authors: Ge Qianqian , Wang Guangzu , Zhu Xiang , Yu Weisheng , Zhou Jiahui , Wu Bin , Liu Yahua , Zheng Zhengzhi , Yang Zhengjin , Qian Jiasheng
Published: September 2021

A novel strategy that exploits “visible light-induced RAFT” is presented for fabricating alkaline stable AEMs with fully aliphatic backbones.
Chemical affinity-assisted H2 isotope separation using Ca-rich onion-peel-derived nanoporous carbon composite
Authors: Muhammad Raeesh , Kim Suhwan , Park Jaewoo , Jung Minji , Lee Myoung Eun , Chung Jaewoo , Jang Haenam , Oh Hyunchul
Published: September 2021

The current approach of using Ca-rich onion-peel-derived carbon obtained via CO2 physical activation demonstrated hydrogen isotope separation performance better than the conventional cryogenic distillation method.
Recent advances of graphdiyne: synthesis, functionalization, and electrocatalytic applications
Authors: Chen Xiaojie , Wang Mei , Yuan Mingjian
Published: September 2021

With unique sp-, sp2-hybridized carbon atoms, natural band gap, highly conjugated π electrons and uniform pore structure, graphdiyne (GDY) has been receiving increased attention and is predicted to have good application prospects in many fields.
Rapid formation of 2-lithio-1-(triphenylmethyl)imidazole and substitution reactions in flow
Authors: Wang Simeng , Panayides Jenny-Lee , Riley Darren , Tighe Christopher J. , Hellgardt Klaus , Hii King Kuok (Mimi) , Miller Philip W.
Published: September 2021

The rapid formation and reaction of 2-lithio-1-(triphenylmethyl)imidazole in flow at ambient temperature is reported.
A general approach to 2,2-disubstituted indoxyls: total synthesis of brevianamide A and trigonoliimine C
Authors: Xu Fan , Smith Myles W.
Published: September 2021

A general, user-friendly approach to 2,2-disubstituted indoxyls is presented. The method is particularly useful for the preparation of 2,2-dialkylindoxyl products, and is applied to concise total syntheses of brevianamide A and trigonoliimine C.
Targeted protein oxidation using a chromophore-modified rapamycin analog
Authors: Courtney Taylor M. , Hankinson Chasity P. , Horst Trevor J. , Deiters Alexander
Published: September 2021

Utilization of a ROS-generating chromophore for the development of reversible control of rapamycin-induced protein dimerization via targeted oxidation.
Correction: Suppressing carboxylate nucleophilicity with inorganic salts enables selective electrocarboxylation without sacrificial anodes
Authors: Corbin Nathan , Yang Deng-Tao , Lazouski Nikifar , Steinberg Katherine , Manthiram Karthish
Published: September 2021

Correction for ‘Suppressing carboxylate nucleophilicity with inorganic salts enables selective electrocarboxylation without sacrificial anodes’ by Nathan Corbin et al., Chem. Sci., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D1SC02413B.
The early benefits of agroforestry as the solution of social conflict and peat land degradation in Kampar - Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Junaedi Ahmad , Silva Yunianto Andhika , Kurniawan Hery
Published: September 2021

Agroforestry has been mentioned has good potency to be selected as one of the tools to overcome the problem of degraded tropical peat swamp forest (TPSF) which was associated with social conflict. Here, we evaluated the early benefits of agroforestry for some aspects which has relationship with the attempt to overcome social conflict and peatland degradation*. We established the experimental plot of agroforestry in the conflict area at forest area with special purpose (KHDTK) in Kepau Jaya Village, Kampar District, Riau Province. We planted three native tree species of TPSF, namely were Balangeran(Shorea balangeran), Geronggang(Cratoxylum arborescens)and Gelam(Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana.In this plot, between rows of tree plantation the local farmer cultivated their crop. At 11 months after plantation; the ranges of survival rate, height and collar diameter increment of all tree native species were 56.2% - 72.44%, 97.4 m/year – 163.0 m/year and 2.04 cm/year – 3.2 cm/year, respectively. Furthermore, from the yields of the three types of seasonal crops (melon, chilli and luffa), the average income which was gathered by farmers was of 6,000,000 IDR. We also observed that during this agroforestry activity, the intensity of forest disturbance by the local community around KHDTK was relatively reduced. It is important to manage and increase those diverse benefits in further years.
The competitiveness of natural rubber by exporting countries in the global market
Authors: Yoga Prasada Imade , Dhamira Aura
Published: September 2021

The increased in global demand for natural rubber commodities opens opportunities for natural rubber exporting countries to compete with their competitors. Competitiveness is the main provision to be able to compete well. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the export competitiveness of natural rubber by exporting countries and to determine the position of the natural rubber commodity of each exporter in the global market. The research data were secondary data sourced from Trademap in the period of 2001-2019. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index and export product dynamics (EPD) methods. The results of the analysis show that Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia are able to produce natural rubber commodities with strong competitiveness. EPD analysis also shows that Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia respectively have a rising star, lost opportunity, and retreat positions in natural rubber commodities traded on global markets.
Peatland water conservation by agroforestry system
Authors: Lestari Yuli , Mukhlis
Published: September 2021

Peat swamp forest have a high economic value and are potential for agricultural development. However, peatlad are fragile ecosystems because they are easily damaged and difficult to restore. The main problem of all peat soil types is their irreversible drying. In this condition the peat soil is easy burning, unable to store water, and if the groundwater is far from the surface, the plants will be stressed from lack of water. Therefore to support sustainable agricultural development on peatlands it requires careful planning, application of appropriate technology and suitable management. One of the land management systems that can be applied on peatlands is combining agricultural crop and forest plant (agroforestry). Forest plant and seasonal agriculture crops can increase CO2 absorption so that photosynthetic efficiency and oxygen production increase. These proses increase the production of biomass which can maintain soil organic matter and prevent erosion. Organic matter enhance the effectiveness of rewetting and water retention capacity. In addition, this system also affects the microclimate, such as the soil becoming more humid because it gets shade from the vegetation above it, so reduce temperature and elevated air moisture. Indirectly, agroforestry can reduce excessive evaporation and maintains the ground water level, especially during the dry season. This review aim to explain the role of intercropping system in peatland water conservation.
Progress of Rubber Breeding Program to Support Agroforestry System in Indonesia
Authors: Oktavia Fetrina , Sahuri  , Shinta Agustina Dwi
Published: September 2021

The use of superior rubber planting materials is one of the most important components of technology to support the cultivation and sustainability of the natural rubber industry. The effect of the genetic components of planting materials to the rubber productivity can reach 60%, and the rest is the influence of agro-climatic conditions. The aim of the rubber plant breeding program is to obtain the new superior rubber clones that have a high latex yielding potential and good agronomic characters. The fluctuations of natural rubber price and climate changes also influence the direction and objectives of the rubber plant breeding program. To deal with the conditions, it is important to provide the rubber agroforestry technology by through intercropping of rubber with various other crops. The article will provide the information about progress of rubber breeding program in Indonesia and it is role in supporting agroforestry system. Several of new superior rubber clones have been released by IRRI, and some of these clones such as IRR 112 and IRR 118 had been planting with rice, corn, and other crops by through rubber agroforestry system. The system was estimated be able to maintain latex yielding potential of clones as well as farmers’ income can be improved.
A Review of Land Use Land Cover Change in The Catchment Area of Musi Hydropower Plant in Bengkulu Province
Authors: Sukisno  , Widiatmaka  , Purwanto Januar J. , Pramudya N Bambang , Munibah Khursatul
Published: September 2021

This research was conducted to review land use land cover change in the catchment area of Musi Hydropower Plant in Bengkulu Province. The data used in this research is land use land cover map year 2000 to 2018 from Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia. The analyse was done by overlaying time series map of land use land cover map from 2000 to 2018 on the map of forest area. The result shows that primary dryland forest degradated significantly, around 568 ha less than 20 years. In the other side, settlements and built-up area significantly increase, 1.331 ha in 20 years. Meanwhile, the land use of agricultural dry land mixed with shrubs, in agregat decreased by 1.078 ha. The area of agricultural dry land mixed with shrubs was increase during period of 2000 to 2014, and then slightly decrease in the period of 2014 to 2018. Land use changes on the catchment area have negative impact on the quality of environmental services, such as erosion and sedimentation on the reservoir of Musi Hydropower Plant. Intervention needed to reduce the negative impact of the land use change on ecosystem services.
Sustainability status of agroforestry systems in Timor Island, Indonesia
Authors: Pujiono Eko , Sri Raharjo S Agung , Njurumana Gerson N , Prasetyo Budiyanto D , Rianawati Heny
Published: September 2021

Agroforestry systems can be considered as sustainability concept. They are able to provide ecological, economical and sociological benefit. In order to help policy makers and stakeholder decide what action should be taken to make agroforestry sustainable, the identification of the sustainability status is needed. This study aimed to evaluate the sustainability status of agroforestry systems in Timor Island, one of the islands in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, eastern Indonesia. The data was collected through combination of field observation and interviews with 38 respondents with purposively selected in three dominant agroforestry systems, namely: mixed-garden, mamar, traditional agroforestry and silvopasture. Multidimensional Scaling approach was used to analyse the sustainability status of agroforestry systems based on five dimensions (ecology, economy, social, institutional and technology) as well as 26 attributes. The attribute valuation was in ordinal scale based on sustainable criteria of each dimension. The criteria were ranked from 0 (the lowest) to 3 (the highest). The assessment of sustainability status was classified into: not sustainable (0-25%), less sustainable (25-50%), moderate sustainable (50-75%) and good sustainable (75-100%). The result revealed that the sustainability of all agroforestry systems were in moderate sustainable. This study found that, only 15 out of 26 attributes were categorized as sensitive attributes. Such data and information are important for the agroforestry farmer or other related stakeholder for improving appropriate strategies or action in sustainable agroforestry management.
Overview of key technologies of high power arc heater
Authors: Long Yongsheng , Yuan Jie , Yao Feng , ZHAO Shunhong , YANG Bin
Published: September 2021

Arc-heated facilties play an important role in ground tests, such as appraisal of thermal protection systems(TPS) of various hypersonic vehicles and simulation of a high Mach scramjet's thermal structure and combustion chamber performance. This paper analyzes the requirements for developing a high power arc heater. Key technologies for developing it include high power, high voltage, high enthalpy and electrode erosion in high currents. Finally, the paper proposes the related ideas and methods for these key technologies, providing theoretical references for China's development of a super-high power arc heater.
Protection scheme of subcarrier index in OFDM with index modulation aided by LDPC coding
Authors: Zhu Yongjia , He Yuyao , Fan Ye , Yao Rugui
Published: September 2021

The receiver of OFDM with Index Modulation (OFDM-IM) usually adopts a Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) detection algorithm based on the activation state of subcarriers. However, the LLR detection algorithm will cause detection errors in subcarrier activation pattern (SAP) or get illegal SAP. Consequently, further errors occur in demodulation, increasing the bit error rate (BER). To solve this problem, we propose the protection scheme of subcarrier index aided by LDPC coding, which reduces the SAP detection errors by encoding the index information bits. On the receiver, the LDPC Coding Aided (LA) detection algorithm is designed, and the formula of LLR of index information bits is derived in detail. Monte Carlo simulation is carried out over multi-path fading channel by MATLAB software. The results show that under the condition that the spectrum efficiency is not lower than the classical OFDM-IM scheme, the proposed protection scheme can obtain a gain of about 5~9 dB when the BER is 10-4, effectively improving the BER performance of OFDM-IM scheme.
Das Präsentismus-Phänomen
Authors: Kopp-Taeger Justin
Published: September 2021

Sind Sie auch schon mal zur Arbeit gegangen, obwohl Sie sich krank gefühlt haben? Dann geht es Ihnen wie vielen Ihrer Kollegen – und es gibt sogar einen Fachbegriff dafür: Präsentismus. Welche Ursachen und Folgen hat dieses Phänomen und wie können Mitarbeiter und Unternehmen damit umgehen?
Oberflächliche Venenthrombose
Authors: Bauersachs Rupert M.
Published: September 2021

Was ist neu?

Epidemiologie und Risikofaktoren Eine deutsche Registerstudie zeigt, dass Risikoprofile, klinisches Bild und Behandlungsmuster bei oberflächlicher Venenthrombose (OVT) sehr heterogen sind. Ebenso variieren Dosierung und Therapiedauer der Antikoagulation (AK) erheblich. Trotz initialer AK besteht nach 3 Monaten ein beachtliches Risiko für venöse Thromboembolien (VTE), Rezidive oder Ausdehnung. Im Gegensatz zu aktuellen Leitlinienempfehlungen erhielt ein Drittel der Patienten entweder Heparine, orale Antikoagulanzien oder gar kein Antikoagulans. Eine gleichzeitige, oft asymptomatische tiefe Venenthrombose (TVT) findet sich gehäuft nach Hospitalisierung oder Immobilisation, vorausgegangener VTE, bei Autoimmunerkrankungen, höherem Alter, Malignom und bei OVT in einer nichtvarikösen Vene oder bei Ausdehnung in eine Perforansvene. Dies sind häufig auch Risikofaktoren für thromboembolische Komplikationen im Verlauf.

Therapie Aufgrund einer großen Placebo-kontrollierten Studie mit klinischen Endpunkten ist Fondaparinux 1-mal 2,5 mg über 4–6 Wochen die in den Leitlinien empfohlene Therapie. Auch eine intermediäre Dosis von niedermolekularem Heparin (NMH) kann erwogen werden. Bei Hochrisikopatienten war 1-mal 10 mg Rivaroxaban gegenüber Fondaparinux nicht unterlegen. Ob bei hohem Risiko eine 45-tägige Therapie ausreicht, muss weiter untersucht werden.
Die Gesundheit der Mitarbeiter fördern
Authors: Kopp-Taeger Justin
Published: September 2021

Pflegende setzen sich täglich mit der Gesundheit und Krankheit ihrer Patienten auseinander – das kann an ihren Ressourcen zehren und Stress verursachen. Wie sich arbeitsbedingte Belastungsfaktoren auf die Mitarbeiter auswirken und wie sich ihre Gesundheit und Zufriedenheit fördern lässt, erläutern wir im Schwerpunkt.
Therapiekonzepte des fortgeschrittenen Lungenkarzinoms im Stadium IV
Authors: Schulz Christian
Published: September 2021

Was ist neu?

Immunonkologische Monotherapie des nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms 5-Jahres-Überlebensdaten der KEYNOTE-024-Studie bestätigen die anhaltende Wirksamkeit einer immunonkologischen Monotherapie bei Patienten mit nichtkleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) mit hoher PD-L1-Expression (≥ 50 %).

Duale Immuntherapie in Kombination mit Chemotherapie als Erstlinientherapie des nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms Nivolumab plus Impilimumab in Kombination mit 2 Zyklen platinhaltiger Chemotherapie verbessern das Überleben von NSCLC-Patienten.

Neue Targets und Therapieoptionen Entrectinib und Larotrectinib mit Wirksamkeit bei NTRK-Fusions-positivem NSCLC. Selpercatinib und Pralsetinib mit Wirksamkeit bei RET-Fusions-positivem NSCLC. Mobocertinib mit Wirksamkeit bei EGFRex20ins-Mutation des EGFR-Gens. Sotorasib mit Wirksamkeit bei kRAS-G12C-Mutation des NSCLC.

Nationales Netzwerk Genomische Medizin Lungenkrebs Das bundesweite Nationale Netzwerk Genomische Medizin Lungenkrebs (nNGM) ermöglicht NSCLC-Patienten den Zugang zu modernster molekularer Diagnostik und neuesten Therapieoptionen.
Ernährungsandragogik – erfolgreiche Ernährungsberatung und PatientInnenweiterbildung
Authors: Fell Margret
Published: September 2021

Ernährungsberatung und PatientInnenweiterbildung halten seit Jahren zunehmend Einzug in das lebenslange Lernen. Als Expertin für erwachsenengemäße Gestaltung von Lehr-/Lernarrangements stellt die Erwachsenenbildungswissenschaft didaktisch-methodische Empfehlungen zur Verfügung, die das Wirkpotenzial von Ernährungsberatung und PatientInnenweiterbildung steigern können.
Weisheit als Ressource
Authors: Hosang Wenke
Published: September 2021

Jeder von uns trägt seine eigenen Weisheiten und Glaubenssätze in sich – sie können nutzen, aber auch schaden. Wie Weisheitskompetenzen in der pflegetherapeutischen Arbeit angewendet werden können, um Lebensereignisse und Belastungen zu bewältigen, lesen Sie im Interventionskoffer.
Der Einfluss von Immunsuppression und chronischen Nierenerkrankungen auf das Ansprechen auf COVID-19-Impfungen
Authors: Windpessl Martin , Heine Gunnar H. , Becker Sören L. , Scheuer Anja L. , Sester Martina , Kronbichler Andreas
Published: September 2021

Was ist neu?

Wie effektiv sind die zugelassenen Impfstoffe bei Nierenerkrankungen und Immunsupprimierten? Zahlreiche Beobachtungsstudien legen nahe, dass vor allem eine systemische Immunsuppression eine geringe oder fehlende Antikörperbildung bedingt. Auch Patienten mit fortgeschrittener chronischer Nierenerkrankung, insbesondere mit Dialysepflichtigkeit, ohne Einnahme systemischer Immunsuppressiva haben ein reduziertes humorales Ansprechen.

Ich habe eine COVID-19-Erkrankung durchgemacht. Ist für mich eine COVID-19-Impfung sinnvoll? Nach durchgemachter COVID-19-Erkrankung scheint auch für Nierenkranke eine Boosterung mit einem mRNA-Impfstoff sinnvoll zu sein.

Kann ich trotz laufender Immunsuppression geimpft werden? Für Patienten unter Immunsuppression ist das Ansprechen auf Impfstoffe reduziert. Dennoch sollten sie geimpft werden. Eine Anti-CD20-Therapie beeinträchtigt die humorale Immunantwort erheblich.

Besteht die Möglichkeit einer Abstoßungsreaktion meines Transplantats bzw. eines Rezidivs der Grunderkrankung? Im Zuge der globalen Impfanstrengungen erscheinen nun einzelne Berichte über Erstmanifestationen, Schübe oder Krankheitsrezidive über das Spektrum autoimmuner Nierenerkrankungen, die in zeitlichem Zusammenhang mit der Impfung stehen. Da die meisten Rezidive/Abstoßungen behandelbar sind, der Verlauf einer COVID-19-Erkrankung aber oftmals schwer bzw. tödlich ist, überwiegt der Nutzen die Risiken.

Habe ich eine dauerhafte Protektion nach erfolgter COVID-19-Impfung? Im Vergleich zur altersentsprechenden gesunden Population weist die nephrologische Patientengruppe nach Impfung deutlich niedrigere Titer auf, welche auch rascher abnehmen (vor allem Evidenz für Transplantierte und Dialyse). Eine frühzeitige Auffrischung sollte auch aufgrund der besorgniserregenden Virusvarianten und der reduzierten Wirksamkeit der Impfstoffe erwogen werden.

Nach der ersten Impfserie haben sich keine/kaum Antikörper nachweisen lassen. Gibt es Strategien, die Impfantwort zu verbessern? Viele Länder empfehlen eine 3. Impfdosis für vulnerable Populationen, v. a. auch wegen der reduzierten Antwort nach 2 Dosen bzw. auch des Risikos eines schweren Verlaufs einer COVID-19-Erkrankung. Der Einsatz einer Drittimpfung muss aber im Rahmen prospektiver klinischer Studien überprüft werden.
Spontanhypoglykämien: Eine diagnostische Herausforderung
Authors: Adelmeyer Jan , Goebel Joachim Nils , Kann Peter Hebert
Published: September 2021

Anamnese Die Vorstellung einer 59-jährigen Frau erfolgte zur endokrinologischen Abklärung rezidivierender Spontanhypoglykämien. Die Beschwerden waren stets nach Kohlenhydrataufnahme regredient. Aufgrund eines klassischen adrenogenitalen Syndroms erhielt die Patientin seit jungen Jahren eine Substitutionstherapie mit Hydrocortison.

Untersuchung Die Patientin präsentierte sich in einem altersentsprechenden Allgemein- und leicht übergewichtigen Ernährungszustand. Der Blutzucker lag zum Aufnahmezeitpunkt bei 87 mg/dl. Weiterhin konnten unter Substitution mit retardiertem Hydrocortison ein unauffälliges Cortisol sowie adrenokortikotropes Hormon (ACTH) nachgewiesen werden. Im Mixed-Meal-Tolerance-Test (MMTT, standardisierter Frühstückstest) zeigte sich keine reaktive Hypoglykämie. Im anschließenden 72-Stunden-Hungerversuch trat nach 36 Stunden eine symptomatische Hypoglykämie auf. Bei einem Blutzucker von 46 mg/dl (Referenzbereich: 74–106) fand sich ein vermindertes Insulin. Auffällig waren jedoch ein niedriges Cortisol sowie ein deutlich erhöhtes ACTH, hinweisend auf eine Unterversorgung mit Hydrocortison zum Zeitpunkt der Hypoglykämie.

Therapie und Verlauf Aufgrund der vermuteten therapeutischen Lücke wurde mit der Patientin eine Dosiserhöhung des morgendlichen retardierten Hydrocortisons besprochen. Da dies keinen klinischen Erfolg hatte, wurde die Applikationsform auf morgens und abends geändert.

Folgerung Die vorliegende Kasuistik demonstriert, dass nicht nur ein endogener Hyperinsulinismus ursächlich für Spontanhypoglykämien sein kann, sondern ebenfalls eine fehlerhafte Gegenregulation zu symptomatischen Unterzuckerungen führen kann. Der MMTT sowie der 72-Stunden-Hungerversuch sollten zur Diagnostik angewendet werden. Hierbei ist darauf zu achten, dass in der Hypoglykämie eine unmittelbare Hormonanalytik erfolgt. Durch das Verhältnis von Insulin, C-Peptid sowie Proinsulin zum Blutzucker und anhand der Konstellation der kontrainsulinären Hormone wie Cortisol, ACTH, Wachstumshormon, Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) sowie der Katecholamine kann eine Aussage über die Ätiologie der Hypoglykämie getroffen werden.
White Paper: Radiology Curriculum for Undergraduate Medical Education in Germany and Integration into the NKLM 2.0
Authors: Dettmer Sabine , Barkhausen Jörg , Volmer Erik , Mentzel Hans-Joachim , Reinartz Sebastian , Voigt Florian , Wacker Frank K. , Baeßler Bettina ,   Konferenz der Lehrstuhlinhaber für Radiologie (KLR):,   Vorstand der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft (DRG):,   Vorstandskommission der AG Lehre der DRG:
Published: September 2021

Objective The aim was to develop a new curriculum for radiology in medical studies, to reach a national consensus and to integrate it into the new national competence-based learning objectives catalog (NKLM 2.0). In this statement of the German Radiological Society (DRG), the process of curriculum development is described and the new curriculum is presented together with suggestions for practical implementation.

Materials and Methods The DRG has developed a new curriculum for radiology. This was coordinated nationally among faculty via an online survey and the result was incorporated into the NKLM 2.0. Furthermore, possibilities for the practical implementation of the competency-based content are shown and different teaching concepts are presented.

Results The developed curriculum is competency-based and aims to provide students with important skills and abilities for their future medical practice. The general part of the curriculum is divided into the topics “Radiation Protection”, “Radiological Methods” and radiologically-relevant “Digital Skills”. Furthermore, there is a special part on the individual organ systems and the specific diseases. In order to implement this in a resource-saving way, new innovative teaching concepts are needed that combine the advantages of face-to-face teaching in small groups for practical and case-based learning with digital teaching offers for resource-saving teaching of theoretical content.

Conclusion We have created a uniform radiology curriculum for medical studies in Germany, coordinated it nationally and integrated it into the NKLM 2.0. The curriculum forms the basis of a uniform mandatory radiology teaching and should be the basis for the individual curriculum development of each faculty and strengthen the position of radiology in the interdisciplinary context.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Intramuscular Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Muscle Flap Monitoring in a Porcine Model
Authors: Bai Wubin , Guo Hexia , Ouyang Wei , Weng Yang , Wu Changsheng , Liu Yihan , Zang Hao , Jacobson Lauren , Xu Yameng , Lu Di , Hu Ziying , Li Shuo , Arafa Hany M. , Yang Quansan , Westman Amanda M. , MacEwan Matthew R. , Rogers John A. , Pet Mitchell A.
Published: September 2021

Background Current near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-based systems for continuous flap monitoring are limited to flaps which carry a cutaneous paddle. As such, this useful and reliable technology has not previously been applicable to muscle-only free flaps where other modalities with substantial limitations continue to be utilized.

Methods We present the first NIRS probe which allows continuous monitoring of local tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) directly within the substance of muscle tissue. This probe is flexible, subcentimeter in scale, waterproof, biocompatible, and is fitted with resorbable barbs which facilitate temporary autostabilization followed by easy atraumatic removal. This novel device was compared with a ViOptix T.Ox monitor in a porcine rectus abdominus myocutaneous flap model of arterial and venous occlusions. During these experiments, the T.Ox device was affixed to the skin paddle, while the novel probe was within the muscle component of the same flap.

Results The intramuscular NIRS device and skin-mounted ViOptix T.Ox devices produced very similar StO2 tracings throughout the vascular clamping events, with obvious and parallel changes occurring upon vascular clamping and release. The normalized cross-correlation at zero lag describing correspondence between the novel intramuscular NIRS and T.Ox devices was >0.99.

Conclusion This novel intramuscular NIRS probe offers continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation within muscle flaps. This experiment demonstrates the potential suitability of this intramuscular NIRS probe for the task of muscle-only free flap monitoring, where NIRS has not previously been applicable. Testing in the clinical environment is necessary to assess durability and reliability.
Scavenger Receptors: Novel Roles in the Pathogenesis of Liver Inflammation and Cancer
Authors: Patten Daniel A. , Wilkinson Alex L. , O'Keeffe Ayla , Shetty Shishir
Published: September 2021

The scavenger receptor superfamily represents a highly diverse collection of evolutionarily-conserved receptors which are known to play key roles in host homeostasis, the most prominent of which is the clearance of unwanted endogenous macromolecules, such as oxidized low-density lipoproteins, from the systemic circulation. Members of this family have also been well characterized in their binding and internalization of a vast range of exogenous antigens and, consequently, are generally considered to be pattern recognition receptors, thus contributing to innate immunity. Several studies have implicated scavenger receptors in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory diseases, such as Alzheimer's and atherosclerosis. Hepatic resident cellular populations express a diverse complement of scavenger receptors in keeping with the liver's homeostatic functions, but there is gathering interest in the contribution of these receptors to hepatic inflammation and its complications. Here, we review the expression of scavenger receptors in the liver, their functionality in liver homeostasis, and their role in inflammatory liver disease and cancer.
Kinematics of femtosecond laser-generated plasma expansion: Determination of sub-micron density gradient and collisionality evolution of over-critical laser plasmas
Authors: Scott G. G. , Indorf G. F. H. , Ennen M. A. , Forestier-Colleoni P. , Hawkes S. J. , Scaife L. , Sedov M. , Symes D. R. , Thornton C. , Beg F. , Ma T. , McKenna P. , Andreev A. A. , Teubner U. , Neely D.
Published: September 2021

An optical diagnostic based on resonant absorption of laser light in a plasma is introduced and is used for the determination of density scale lengths in the range of 10 nm to >1 μm at the critical surface of an overdense plasma. This diagnostic is also used to extract the plasma collisional frequency, allowing inference of the temporally evolving plasma composition on the tens of femtosecond timescale. This is found to be characterized by two eras: the early time and short scale length expansion (L < 0.1λ), where the interaction is highly collisional and target material dependent, followed by a period of material independent plasma expansion for longer scale lengths (L > 0.1λ); this is consistent with a hydrogen plasma decoupling from the bulk target material. Density gradients and plasma parameters on this scale are of importance to plasma mirror optical performance and comment is made on this theme.
The direct scattering problem for perturbed Kadomtsev–Petviashvili multi line solitons
Authors: Wu Derchyi
Published: September 2021

Regular Kadomtsev–Petviashvili II line solitons have been investigated and classified successfully by the Grassmannians. The inverse scattering method provides a promising and powerful approach to study the stability properties of Gr(N, M)>0 Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) solitons. In this paper, we complete rigorous analysis for the direct scattering problem of perturbed Gr(N, M)>0 KP solitons.
Characteristic signatures of Northern Hemisphere blocking events in a Lagrangian flow network representation of the atmospheric circulation
Authors: Ehstand Noémie , Donner Reik V. , López Cristóbal , Hernández-García Emilio
Published: September 2021

In the past few decades, boreal summers have been characterized by an increasing number of extreme weather events in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics, including persistent heat waves, droughts and heavy rainfall events with significant social, economic, and environmental impacts. Many of these events have been associated with the presence of anomalous large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns, in particular, persistent blocking situations, i.e., nearly stationary spatial patterns of air pressure. To contribute to a better understanding of the emergence and dynamical properties of such situations, we construct complex networks representing the atmospheric circulation based on Lagrangian trajectory data of passive tracers advected within the atmospheric flow. For these Lagrangian flow networks, we study the spatial patterns of selected node properties prior to, during, and after different atmospheric blocking events in Northern Hemisphere summer. We highlight the specific network characteristics associated with the sequence of strong blocking episodes over Europe during summer 2010 as an illustrative example. Our results demonstrate the ability of the node degree, entropy, and harmonic closeness centrality based on outgoing links to trace important spatiotemporal characteristics of atmospheric blocking events. In particular, all three measures capture the effective separation of the stationary pressure cell forming the blocking high from the normal westerly flow and the deviation of the main atmospheric currents around it. Our results suggest the utility of further exploiting the Lagrangian flow network approach to atmospheric circulation in future targeted diagnostic and prognostic studies.
Magnetic field and angle-dependent photoluminescence of a fiber-coupled nitrogen vacancy rich diamond
Authors: Wunderlich Ralf , Staacke Robert , Knolle Wolfgang , Abel Bernd , Meijer Jan
Published: September 2021

Here, we investigate the magnetic field dependent photoluminescence (PL) of a fiber-coupled diamond single crystal with a high density of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers. Angle-dependent magnetic field sweep measurements between 0 and 111 mT were performed using an oscillating illumination combined with lock-in techniques. Besides the expected superposed PL of differently oriented NV centers, a zoo of features in the PL are found. These features can be associated with level anti-crossings and cross relaxations. In particular, PL measurements allowed us to detect auto-cross relaxation between coupled NV centers. Moreover, the PL measurements at low magnetic fields show dips suggesting an interaction of NV centers with additional spin defects. The results presented here are not only a study for NV-based fiber-coupled sensors made of diamond, but also show a way to investigate with manageable effort and purely an optical multispin interaction with at least one NV center as a constituent.
Description limit for soliton waves due to critical scaling of electrostatic potential
Authors: Silveira F. E. M. , Benetti M. H. , Caldas I. L. , Santos K. N. M. M.
Published: September 2021

We provide a formulation that describes the propagation of solitons in a nondissipative, nonmagnetic plasma, which does not depend on the particular electron density distribution considered. The Poisson equation in the plasma sheath is expressed in terms of the Mach number for ions entering the sheath from the plasma and of a natural scale for the electrostatic potential. We find a class of reference frames with respect to which certain functions become stationary after arbitrary small variations of the Mach number and potential scale, that is, by determining the critical values of those quantities based on a variational method. It is shown that the critical Mach number defines the limits for the applicability of the reductive perturbation technique to a given electron density distribution. Based on our provided potential scale, we show that the Taylor expansion of the suprathermal electron distribution around equilibrium converges for all possible values of the spectral κ-index. In addition, owing to the admissible range for the critical Mach number, it is found that the reductive perturbation technique ceases to be valid for 3/2<κ≤5/2. In the sequel, we show that the technique is not valid for the deformation q-index of nonextensive electrons when q≤3/5. Furthermore, by assuming that the suprathermal and nonextensive solitons are both described with respect to the same critical reference frame, a relation between κ and q, which has been previously obtained on very fundamental grounds, is recovered.
High-order geometric integrators for representation-free Ehrenfest dynamics
Authors: Choi Seonghoon , Vaníček Jiří
Published: September 2021

Ehrenfest dynamics is a useful approximation for ab initio mixed quantum-classical molecular dynamics that can treat electronically nonadiabatic effects. Although a severe approximation to the exact solution of the molecular time-dependent Schrödinger equation, Ehrenfest dynamics is symplectic, is time-reversible, and conserves exactly the total molecular energy as well as the norm of the electronic wavefunction. Here, we surpass apparent complications due to the coupling of classical nuclear and quantum electronic motions and present efficient geometric integrators for “representation-free” Ehrenfest dynamics, which do not rely on a diabatic or adiabatic representation of electronic states and are of arbitrary even orders of accuracy in the time step. These numerical integrators, obtained by symmetrically composing the second-order splitting method and exactly solving the kinetic and potential propagation steps, are norm-conserving, symplectic, and time-reversible regardless of the time step used. Using a nonadiabatic simulation in the region of a conical intersection as an example, we demonstrate that these integrators preserve the geometric properties exactly and, if highly accurate solutions are desired, can be even more efficient than the most popular non-geometric integrators.
Resonant amplification of enzymatic chemical oscillations by oscillating flow
Authors: Shklyaev Oleg E. , Balazs Anna C.
Published: September 2021

Using theory and simulation, we analyzed the resonant amplification of chemical oscillations that occur due to externally imposed oscillatory fluid flows. The chemical reactions are promoted by two enzyme-coated patches located sequentially on the inner surface of a pipe that transports the enclosed chemical solution. In the case of diffusion-limited systems, the period of oscillations in chemical reaction networks is determined by the rate of the chemical transport, which is diffusive in nature and, therefore, can be effectively accelerated by the imposed fluid flows. We first identify the natural frequencies of the chemical oscillations in the unperturbed reaction–diffusion system and, then, use the frequencies as a forcing input to drive the system to resonance. We demonstrate that flow-induced resonance can be used to amplify the amplitude of the chemical oscillations and to synchronize their frequency to the external forcing. In particular, we show that even 10% perturbations in the flow velocities can double the amplitude of the resulting chemical oscillations. Particularly, effective control can be achieved for the two-step chemical reactions where during the first half-period, the fluid flow accelerates the chemical flux toward the second catalytic patch, while during the second half-period, the flow amplifies the flux to the first patch. The results can provide design rules for regulating the dynamics of coupled reaction–diffusion processes and can facilitate the development of chemical reaction networks that act as chemical clocks.
Selective rotational control in mixtures of molecular super-rotors
Authors: Amani Pedram , Milner Alexander A. , Milner Valery
Published: September 2021

We demonstrate experimentally a method of all-optical selective rotational control in gas mixtures. Using an optical centrifuge—an intense laser pulse whose linear polarization rotates at an accelerated rate, we simultaneously excite two different molecular species to two different rotational frequencies of choice. The new level of control is achieved by shaping the centrifuge spectrum according to the rotational spectra of the centrifuged molecules. The shaped optical centrifuge releases one molecular species earlier than the other, therefore separating their target rotational frequencies and corresponding rotational states. The technique is applicable to molecules with non-overlapping rotational spectra in the frequency range of interest and will expand the utility of rotational control in the studies of the effects of molecular rotation on collisions and chemical reactions.
Torsion–vibration interactions determined from (far) infrared spectra
Authors: Gascooke Jason R. , Appadoo Dominique , Lawrance Warren D.
Published: September 2021

Observations of the torsional and low-lying vibrational–torsional states of toluene, p-fluorotoluene, and m-fluorotoluene using the technique of two dimensional laser induced fluorescence (2D-LIF) have revealed interactions between the methyl torsion and low frequency out-of-plane methyl wagging vibration. These interactions can change the values of constants extracted from the analysis of rotational spectra, which usually assume that the large amplitude torsional motion can be treated independent of the small amplitude vibrations. Since out-of-plane methyl wagging modes will be present whenever a methyl group is attached to a planar frame, this type of torsion–vibration interaction is potentially widespread; it is thus important to establish the extent and strength of this type of interaction. 2D-LIF is limited to molecules that fluoresce from excited electronic states, and to explore interactions between torsion and methyl wagging vibrations in a wide range of molecules necessitates developing alternative experimental approaches. Infrared absorption spectroscopy is one such approach. It is shown that for the low torsional barrier case, the torsional sequence bands accompanying the out-of-plane methyl wagging transition provide a sensitive probe of the interaction. As an illustration, the far infrared absorption spectrum of toluene in the region of the M20 band (∼205 cm−1) is presented and analyzed. The torsional sequence structure provides insight into the higher torsional states (up to m = 7) in the ground vibrational state and M20. An analysis of these bands enables the torsion–vibration coupling and torsional constants to be extracted. A general method to analyze such spectra is presented.
Solid-source metal–organic molecular beam epitaxy of epitaxial RuO2
Authors: Nunn William , Nair Sreejith , Yun Hwanhui , Kamath Manjeshwar Anusha , Rajapitamahuni Anil , Lee Dooyong , Mkhoyan K. Andre , Jalan Bharat
Published: September 2021

A seemingly simple oxide with a rutile structure, RuO2, has been shown to possess several intriguing properties ranging from strain-stabilized superconductivity to a strong catalytic activity. Much interest has arisen surrounding the controlled synthesis of RuO2 films, but unfortunately, utilizing atomically controlled deposition techniques, such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), has been difficult due to the ultra-low vapor pressure and low oxidation potential of Ru. Here, we demonstrate the growth of epitaxial, single crystalline RuO2 films on different substrate orientations using the novel solid-source metal–organic (MO) MBE. This approach circumvents these issues by supplying Ru using a “pre-oxidized” solid MO precursor containing Ru. High-quality epitaxial RuO2 films with a bulk-like room-temperature resistivity of 55 μΩ cm were obtained at a substrate temperature as low as 300 °C. By combining x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electrical measurements, we discuss the effect of substrate temperature, orientation, film thickness, and strain on the structure and electrical properties of these films. Our results illustrating the use of a novel solid-source metal–organic MBE approach pave the way to the atomic-layer controlled synthesis of complex oxides of “stubborn” metals, which are not only difficult to evaporate but also hard to oxidize.