bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nursing is a health equity and social justice movement
Authors: Rudner Nancy
Published: April 2021

Nursing has been grounded in the pursuit of health equity and social justice for over 100 years. Escalating health care costs, COVID‐19, and racial conflict have spotlighted the impact of our social and health inequities and the interconnectedness of everyone's health. This study discusses two key nursing movements for health and social justice, the public health nursing movement and the nurse practitioner movement. This study also describes how the re‐emerging focus on population health nursing and the increasing nurse activism are building on our history of addressing the social and environmental root causes of ill health. Changes in health care design, delivery, and payment will create more opportunities for population health nursing to continue nursing's long‐standing efforts in pursuit of health equity and social justice.
High turnover of types III and VI collagen in progressive idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Hoyer Nils , Jessen Henrik , Prior Thomas S. , Sand Jannie M. B. , Leeming Diana J. , Karsdal Morten A. , Åttingsberg Emilia K. A. , Vangsgaard Gustav K. M. , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Shaker Saher B.
Published: April 2021

Background and objective

Prediction of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) progression is vital for the choice and timing of treatment and patient follow‐up. This could potentially be achieved by prognostic blood biomarkers of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling.

Methods

Neoepitope biomarkers of types III and VI collagen turnover (C3M, C6M, PRO‐C3 and PRO‐C6) were measured in 185 patients with newly diagnosed IPF. Disease severity at baseline and progression over 6 months was assessed by lung function tests and 6‐min walk tests. All‐cause mortality was assessed over a 3‐year follow‐up period.

Results

High baseline levels of C3M, C6M, PRO‐C3 and PRO‐C6 were associated with more advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Baseline levels of C6M and PRO‐C3 were also associated with mortality over 3 years of follow‐up (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3–3.9, p = 0.002 and HR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–3.0, p = 0.03). Patients with several increased biomarkers at baseline, representing a high ECM remodelling phenotype, had more advanced disease at baseline, higher risk of progression or death at 6 months (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1–1.8, p = 0.002) and higher mortality over 3 years of follow‐up (HR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3–4.5, p = 0.007).

Conclusion

Blood biomarkers of types III and VI collagen turnover, assessed at the time of diagnosis, are associated with several indices of disease severity, short‐term progression and long‐term mortality. These biomarkers can help to identify patients with a high ECM remodelling phenotype at high risk of disease progression and death.
The gendered pandemic: The implications of COVID‐19 for work and family
Authors: Yavorsky Jill E. , Qian Yue , Sargent Amanda C.
Published: April 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has affected nearly all the aspects of society since it's onset in early 2020. In addition to infecting and taking the lives of millions of global citizens, the pandemic has fundamentally changed family and work patterns. The pandemic and associated mitigation measures have increased the unemployment rates, amplified health risks for essential workers required to work on‐site, and led to unprecedented rates of telecommuting. Additionally, due to school/daycare closures and social distancing, many parents have lost access to institutional and informal childcare support during the COVID‐19 crisis. Such losses in childcare support have significantly impacted the paid and unpaid labor of parents, particularly of mothers. In this article, we synthesize recent research on pandemic‐related changes to work and family in the United States. Applying an intersectionality lens, we discuss the gendered implications of these changes. Because gender inequality in family and work are connected, COVID‐19 has, in many cases, deepened the pre‐existing gender inequalities in both realms.
A Global Analysis of Financial Crises and the Growth of Informal Economic Activity
Authors: Blanton Robert G. , Peksen Dursun
Published: April 2021

Objective

Though a large body of work has focused on how financial crises impact the formal economy, scant research has explored how financial crises affect informal economic activity.

Methods

We analyze data on informal economies and multiple types of financial crises for 143 countries for the years spanning 1970 to 2011.

Results

Banking and debt crises have both immediate and lingering positive effects on the shadow economic growth. Currency crises are also positively associated with shadow economy growth, but the effect is likely to be short‐lived with no major lingering impact following the initial year of the crisis.

Conclusion

We uncover a complex dynamic between financial crises and the growth of the informal economy, with an implication being that crises may result in a sustained movement of labor and capital out of the formal economy.
Painless rash in a transplant patient
Authors: Reis Joel , Coelho André , Lopes Virgínia , Gandara Judit , Cunha Velho Glória , Selores Manuela
Published: April 2021

Dermatophytes are common keratinophilic fungi responsible for superficial skin infections. Deep dermatophytosis is a rare form of invasive skin infection described in immunocompromised patients. We report the case of a 65‐year‐old man with a history of an orthotopic liver transplant for hepatocarcinoma 6 months earlier, who presented with small painless erythematous papules in lower limbs, some of which were umbilicated. Skin biopsy showed an intense non‐necrotizing granulomatous reaction in the dermis around fungal structures. Trichophyton rubrum was identified as the causal agent through culture and internal transcribed spacer sequencing.
Information systems for a blood transfusion regional network
Authors: Vesga Miguel A. , Azkárate María
Published: April 2021

As a result of the objectives related to patient safety established in the Basque Country, and the need to increase safety and transfusion efficiency, a Basque transfusion network has been created whose strengths are the availability and interconnection of information systems covering all phases of a single and common blood process for all centres in the region. All relevant information is generated, disseminated, shared and recorded in an automated manner. The information includes donor and patient health records, transfusion requirements and transfusion history, data and process traceability, among others. This compact network of information is having a significant impact on almost all phases of the transfusion process, being the most relevant: Safety in donor selection; clinical and biological shared information for all hospital; safety in the identification of patients, samples and blood components; complete real‐time traceability; increased quality of the decision to transfuse and decrease unnecessary transfusions; decreased number of adverse effects, component administration errors and near miss related to blood component transfusion; or optimization of training programmes, as it is a standardized activity for all staff involved on blood transfusion. It is also assumed that PBM programmes will be able to improve their efficiency by having high‐quality data.
A river classification scheme to assess macroinvertebrate sensitivity to water abstraction pressures
Authors: Lathouri Maria , England Judy , Dunbar Michael J. , Hannah David M. , Klaar Megan
Published: April 2021

The concept of environmental flows has been developed to manage human alteration of river flow regimes, as effective management requires an understanding of the ecological consequences of flow alteration. This study explores the concept of macroinvertebrate sensitivity to river flow alteration to establish robust quantitative relationships between biological indicators and hydrological pressures. Existing environmental flow classifications used by the environmental regulator for English rivers were tested using multilevel regression modelling. Results showed a weak relationship between the current abstraction sensitivity classification and macroinvertebrate response to flow pressure. An alternative approach, based on physically derived river types, was a better predictor of macroinvertebrate response. Intermediate sized lowland streams displayed the best model fit, while upland rivers exhibited poor model performance. A better understanding of the ecological response to flow variation in different river types could help water resource managers develop improved ecologically appropriate flow regimes, which support the integrity of river ecosystems.
Human Temporomandibular Joint Motion: A Synthesis Approach for Designing a Six-Bar Kinematic Simulator
Authors: Demuynck Michel , Delnavaz Aidin , Voix Jérémie
Published: April 2021

The human earcanal can accommodate several types of in-ear devices including hearing aids, earphones, hearing protectors, and earplugs. This canal-type home has a neighbor called the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) whose movements slightly deform the shape of the earcanal. While these cyclic deformations can influence the positioning, comfort, and functioning of ear-fitted devices, they can also provide a significant amount of energy to harvest. Given their importance, the TMJ movements and earcanal deformations have been well studied. However, their mutual actions are still not fully understood. This paper presents the development of a six-bar kinematic TMJ simulator capable of replicating the complicated motion of the jaw. The development relies on a two-phase mechanism design algorithm to numerically optimize and analytically synthesize linkage mechanisms for which the classical optimization approaches cannot return a converged solution. The proposed algorithm enables the design of a kinematic simulator to generate the TMJ path with an average error as low as 1.65% while respecting all the hinge-axis parameters of the jaw. This algorithm can be subsequently used to solve nonlinear complex linkage synthesis problems, and ultimately, the developed kinematic simulator can be used to further investigate TMJ–earcanal interactions.
Predictive Modeling for Rooftop Solar Energy Throughput: A Machine Learning-Based Optimization for Building Energy Demand Scheduling
Authors: Houchati Mahdi , Beitelmal AbdlMonem H. , Khraisheh Marwan
Published: April 2021

The intermittent and fluctuating nature of solar energy is the biggest challenge facing its widespread utilization. Implementing onsite photovoltaic (PV) systems as alternative energy sources has established the need for reliable forecasting procedures to improve scheduling and demand management. This paper presents solar energy forecasting combined with a demand-side prediction algorithm to optimize the utilization of available solar energy resources and manage the demand side accordingly. The algorithm utilizes support vector regression (SVR), a machine learning technique, validated using one-year energy consumption data collected from an office building instrumented as an experimental testbed facility. Power meters and temperature sensors collect the building’s internal climate and energy data, while a solar PV array and a weather station provide the external relevant data. The forecasting method uses the average power output of k-similar days as an added input to the SVR model to enhance its performance. The day-ahead prediction results show that this additional input contributes to higher forecasting efficiency, especially in the hot climate regions, where sunny weather conditions prevail throughout the year. The PV output prediction accuracy for sunny days is above 90%, which offers possibilities for optimized scheduling and leading to smart building energy management. Finally, this paper also proposes a temperature set point optimization algorithm for the building air conditioning system to minimize the difference between the building energy load and the generated solar PV power. Using 24 °C as the upper set point temperature limit reduces the energy demand (consumption) by up to 29% and the associated reduction in CO2 emissions.
Acoustic backscattering observations from non-spherical gas bubbles with ka between 0.03 and 4.4
Authors: Padilla Alexandra M. , Weber Thomas C.
Published: April 2021

The study of gas bubbles in liquid media is of importance in many areas of research. Gas bubbles are often studied using in situ measurement techniques; however, acoustic inversion techniques have also been used to extract physical properties of gas bubbles. These inversion techniques rely on existing analytical scattering models; however, these models often assume that the gas bubbles are spherical in shape and have an equivalent bubble radius, a, that is small compared to the incident acoustic wavelength (ka ≪ 1), which is not always valid. This study aims to understand how the departure from these assumptions affects the acoustic backscattering cross section, σbs, of non-spherical gas bubbles. Experimental estimates of σbs of non-spherical gas bubbles of different sizes, with ka values ranging between 0.03 and 4.4, were compared to four commonly known analytical σbs models. All models performed equally at predicting σbs for ka smaller than 0.5; however, there was no model that better predicted the experimental estimates of σbs for ka larger than 0.5, regardless of bubble shape. Large variabilities in the experimental estimates of σbs are observed for ka larger than 0.5, which are caused by the variability in bubble shape and size, as well as the bubble's orientation.
Coevolving early afterslip and aftershock signatures of a San Andreas fault rupture
Authors: Jiang Junle , Bock Yehuda , Klein Emilie
Published: April 2021

Geophysical imaging unveils synchronous complexities in the subtle fast and slow fault movements following an M6 earthquake.
Quasiparticle interference and quantum confinement in a correlated Rashba spin-split 2D electron liquid
Authors: Yim Chi Ming , Chakraborti Dibyashree , Rhodes Luke C. , Khim Seunghyun , Mackenzie Andrew P. , Wahl Peter
Published: April 2021

Quasiparticle interference demonstrates suitability of the Rashba spin-split surface state of delafossites for spin manipulation.
Grain polydispersity and coherent crystal reorientations are features to foster stress hotspots in polycrystalline alloys under load
Authors: Ospina-Correa Juan D. , Olaya-Muñoz Daniel A. , Toro-Castrillón Juan J. , Toro Alejandro , Ramírez-Hernández Abelardo , Hernández-Ortíz Juan P.
Published: April 2021

Grain boundary migration and coherent crystal reorientations promote failure zones of polycrystalline alloys under load.
Leveling the cost and carbon footprint of circular polymers that are chemically recycled to monomer
Authors: Vora Nemi , Christensen Peter R. , Demarteau Jérémy , Baral Nawa Raj , Keasling Jay D. , Helms Brett A. , Scown Corinne D.
Published: April 2021

While not yet competitive with commodity polymers, PDKs are recycled to monomer at lower cost and emissions than virgin resins.
Giant parathyroid adenoma and challenges with preoperative differentiation from malignancy
Authors: Wong Grace , Ghabbour Andrew , Borumandi Farzad
Published: April 2021

Giant parathyroid adenomas are rare and underreported benign tumours of parathyroid gland. Preoperative differentiation between giant parathyroid adenoma (GPA) and parathyroid carcinoma can be challenging, as they both may present as a large parathyroid tumour with hyperparathyroidism. Very few GPAs had been described in the literature, with only 60 cases including our present case. We report a case of GPA and the preoperative diagnostic challenges we faced in differential diagnosis of a potential parathyroid malignancy. As a parathyroid malignancy could not be excluded preoperatively the parathyroid tumour was excised en bloc with surrounding thyroid lobe. The histology was contributory to exclude parathyroid malignancy confirming a benign GPA.
Identification and inclusion of gender factors in retrospective cohort studies: the GOING-FWD framework
Authors: Raparelli Valeria , Norris Colleen M. , Bender Uri , Herrero Maria Trinidad , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Kublickiene Karolina , El Emam Khaled , Pilote Louise
Published: April 2021

Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, expressions and identities of girls, women, boys, men and gender diverse people. Gender-related factors are seldom assessed as determinants of health outcomes, despite their powerful contribution. The Gender Outcomes INternational Group: to Further Well-being Development (GOING-FWD) project developed a standard five-step methodology applicable to retrospectively identify gender-related factors and assess their relationship to outcomes across selected cohorts of non-communicable chronic diseases from Austria, Canada, Spain, Sweden. Step 1 (identification of gender-related variables): Based on the gender framework of the Women Health Research Network (ie, identity, role, relations and institutionalised gender), and available literature for a certain disease, an optimal ‘wish-list’ of gender-related variables was created and discussed by experts. Step 2 (definition of outcomes): Data dictionaries were screened for clinical and patient-relevant outcomes, using the International Consortium for Health Outcome Measurement framework. Step 3 (building of feasible final list): a cross-validation between variables per database and the ‘wish-list’ was performed. Step 4 (retrospective data harmonisation): The harmonisation potential of variables was evaluated. Step 5 (definition of data structure and analysis): The following analytic strategies were identified: (1) local analysis of data not transferable followed by a meta-analysis combining study-level estimates; (2) centrally performed federated analysis of data, with the individual-level participant data remaining on local servers; (3) synthesising the data locally and performing a pooled analysis on the synthetic data and (4) central analysis of pooled transferable data. The application of the GOING-FWD multistep approach can help guide investigators to analyse gender and its impact on outcomes in previously collected data.
‘We tend to get pad happy’: a qualitative study of health practitioners’ perspectives on the quality of continence care for older people in hospital
Authors: Percival John , Abbott Katharine , Allain Theresa , Bradley Rachel , Cramp Fiona , Donovan Jenny L , McCabe Candy , Neubauer Kyra , Redwood Sabi , Cotterill Nikki
Published: April 2021

Background

Bladder and bowel control difficulties affect 20% and 10% of the UK population, respectively, touch all age groups and are particularly prevalent in the older (65+ years) population. However, the quality of continence care is often poor, compromising patient health and well-being, increasing the risk of infection, and is a predisposing factor to nursing and residential home placement.

Objective

To identify factors that help or hinder good continence care for patients aged 65 years and over in hospital medical ward settings. Medical care, not surgical, was our exclusive focus.

Methods

We conducted 27 qualitative interviews with nursing, medical and allied health practitioners in three hospitals. We used a purposive sample and analysed data thematically, both manually and with the aid of NVivo software.

Results

Interviews revealed perspectives on practice promoting or inhibiting good quality continence care, as well as suggestions for improvements. Good continence care was said to be advanced through person-centred care, robust assessment and monitoring, and a proactive approach to encouraging patient independence. Barriers to quality care centred on lack of oversight, automatic use of incontinence products and staffing pressures. Suggested improvements centred on participatory care, open communication and care planning with a higher bladder and bowel health profile. In order to drive such improvements, hospital-based practitioners indicate a need and desire for regular continence care training.

Conclusions

Findings help explain the persistence of barriers to providing good quality care for patients aged 65 years and over with incontinence. Resolute continence promotion, in hospitals and throughout the National Health Service, would reduce reliance on products and the accompanying risks of patient dependency and catheter-associated gram-negative bacteraemia. Robust assessment and care planning, open communication and regular continence care training would assist such promotion and also help mitigate resource limitations by developing safer, time-efficient continence care.
Chronic breathlessness in advanced cardiorespiratory disease: patient perceptions of opioid use
Authors: Moran Thomas , Zentner Dominica , Wong James , Philip Jennifer , Smallwood Natasha
Published: April 2021

Objective

Low-dose oral opioids may improve severe chronic breathlessness in advanced cardiorespiratory diseases. Prescription of opioids for breathlessness occurs infrequently however, with little known about patients’ attitudes towards their use in this setting. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore patients’ perceptions regarding opioids for the management of severe chronic breathlessness in people with advanced cardiorespiratory disease.

Methods

A cross-sectional, qualitative study was undertaken using outpatients with severe chronic breathlessness due to either severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or chronic heart failure (CHF). Indepth, semistructured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded. Thematic analysis was undertaken to extrapolate recurring ideas from the data.

Results

Twenty-four participants were purposively sampled from three different groups: opioid-naïve patients with COPD (n=7), opioid-naïve patients with CHF (n=7) and patients with COPD using opioids currently or previously for severe chronic breathlessness (n=10). Four major themes were shared by both theopioid-naïveandopioid-experiencedcohorts: (1) stigmatised attitudes and beliefs regarding opioids, (2) limited knowledge and information-seeking behaviour regarding opioids, (3) the impact of the relationships with health professionals and continuity of care, and (4) the significance of past experiences with opioids. An additional theme that was unique to the opioid-experienced cohort was (5) the perception of benefit and improved quality of life.

Conclusion

Lack of knowledge regarding the role of opioids in managing severe chronic breathlessness, opioid misinformation and social stigmas are major barriers to opioid therapy that may be overcome by accurate information from trusted health professionals.
The analgesic efficacy of liposomal bupivacaine compared with bupivacaine hydrochloride for the prevention of postoperative pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Dinges Hanns-Christian , Wiesmann Thomas , Otremba Berit , Wulf Hinnerk , Eberhart Leopold H , Schubert Ann-Kristin
Published: April 2021

Background/Importance

Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) is a prolonged release formulation of conventional bupivacaine designed for prolonging local or peripheral regional single injection anesthesia. To this day, the benefit of the new substance on relevant end points is discussed controversial.

Objective

The objective was to determine whether there is a difference in postoperative pain scores and morphine consumption between patients treated with LB and bupivacaine hydrochloride in a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Evidence review

Randomized controlled trials (RCT) were identified in Embase, CENTRAL, MEDLINE and Web of Science up to May 2020. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane methodology. Primary end points were the mean pain score difference and the relative morphine equivalent (MEQ) consumption expressed as the ratio of means (ROM) 24 and 72 hours postoperatively.

Findings

23 RCTs including 1867 patients were eligible for meta-analysis. The mean pain score difference at 24 hours postoperatively was significantly lower in the LB group, at −0.37 (95% CI −0.56 to −0.19). The relative MEQ consumption after 24 hours was also significantly lower in the LB group, at 0.85 (0.82 to 0.89). At 72 hours, the pain score difference was not significant at −0.25 (−0.71 to 0.20) and the MEQ ratio was 0.85 (0.77 to 0.95).

Conclusion

The beneficial effect on pain scores and opioid consumption was small but not clinically relevant, despite statistical significance. The effect was stable among all studies, indicating that it is independent of the application modality.
Invasive placebos in research on peripheral nerve blocks: a follow-up study
Authors: Laing Sarah , Bolt Dana L , Burgoyne Laura L , Fahy Cormac J , Wake Pauline B , Cyna Allan M
Published: April 2021

Introduction

The Serious Harm and Morbidity “SHAM” grading system has previously been proposed to categorize the risks associated with the use of invasive placebos in peripheral nerve block research. SHAM grades range from 0 (no potential complications, eg, using standard analgesia techniques as a comparator) through to 4 (risk of major complications, eg, performing a sub-Tenon’s block and injecting normal saline). A study in 2011 found that 52% of studies of peripheral nerve blocks had SHAM grades of 3 or more.

Methods

We repeated the original study by allocating SHAM grades to randomized controlled studies of peripheral nerve blocks published in English over a 22-month period. Documentation was made of the number of study participants, age, number of controls, body region, adverse events due to invasive placebos and any discussion regarding the ethics of using invasive placebos. We compared the proportion of studies with SHAM grades of 3 or more with the original study.

Results

In this current study, 114 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 5 pediatric and 109 adult. The SHAM grade was ≥3 in 38 studies (33.3%), with 1494 patients in these control groups collectively. Several studies discussed their reasons for choosing a non-invasive placebo. No pediatric studies had a SHAM grade of ≥3.

Conclusions

The use of invasive placebos that may be associated with serious risks in peripheral nerve block research has decreased in contemporary peripheral nerve block research.
Baseline survey of herbicide resistance in Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) finds no resistance in Manitoba
Authors: Geddes Charles M. , Gulden Robert H. , Jones Tammy , Leeson Julia Y. , Pittman Mattea M. , Sharpe Shaun M. , Shirriff Scott W. , Beckie Hugh J.
Published: April 2021

Recent confirmations of glyphosate-resistant Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) in Montana, Washington, and Oregon, warrant greater surveillance of herbicide-resistant Russian thistle in western Canada. A randomized-stratified survey of 315 sites in Manitoba was conducted in 2018 to determine the incidence of herbicide resistance in Russian thistle and other weeds sampled post-harvest. Russian thistle populations were collected from 14 of the 315 sites surveyed. None of these populations exhibited resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitors (tribenuron/thifensulfuron), synthetic auxins (2,4-D ester or fluroxypyr), or glyphosate. This Manitoba survey of herbicide-resistant Russian thistle serves as a baseline for future surveillance efforts.
Radiation reaction from quantum electrodynamics and its implications for the Unruh effect
Authors: Tulipánt Zoltán
Published: April 2021

The Abraham–Lorentz–Dirac theory predicts vanishing radiation reaction for uniformly accelerated charges. However, since an accelerating observer should detect thermal radiation, the charge should be seen absorbing photons in the accelerated frame which, if nothing else occurs, would influence its motion. This means that either there is radiation reaction seen in an inertial frame or there should be an additional phenomenon seen in the accelerated frame countering the effect of absorption. In this paper I rederive the Abraham–Lorentz–Dirac force from quantum electrodynamics, then I study the case of a uniformly accelerated charge. I show that in the accelerated frame, in addition to the absorption of photons due to the Unruh effect there should also be stimulated emission. The net effect of these phenomena on the motion of the charge is found to be zero.
A computational problem involving Dickson conjecture
Authors: Zhang Shaohua
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we give an equivalent form of Dickson’s conjecture. Based on this equivalent form, we propose a computational problem and obtain several interesting results.
Finite element modeling and simulation of ultrasensitive film bulk acoustic resonator enabled by micropillar structure
Authors: Peng Jie , Niu Haoran , Liu Jinlin , Yang Ya-Nan , Zhu Junze , Chen Da , Liu Yijian
Published: April 2021

Portable and ultra-sensitive film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) is a promising device to satisfy the requirement of detecting gas and biological molecule. In this work, a novel sensing device was developed to achieve ultrahigh sensitivity, by coupling polymer micropillars with a FBAR substrate to form a two-degrees-of-freedom resonance system (FBAR-micropillars). We systematically investigated the effects of micropillar structure on the characteristics of FBAR-micropillars device by finite element method (FEM). It was found that the resonant frequency shift increased with increasing the height of micropillars (h) within a certain range, and the FBAR-micropillars device displayed nonlinear frequency response, which was opposite to the linear response of conventional FBAR devices. In addition, a positive resonant frequency shift was captured near the “coupled resonant point” of the FBAR-micropillars device. The geometric parameters of micropillars, including micropillar diameter and micropillar spacing could also cause a change of Q-factor and mass sensitivity. The optimized design of the proposed device achieved a threefold improvement in sensitivity relative to conventional FBAR without pillars, suggesting a feasible method to improve the mass sensitivity of acoustic resonators.
Nematic tensor evolution in the partially-polarized spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Trukhanova Mariya Iv.
Published: April 2021

We develop the complete hydrodynamical description of the spin-1 partially polarized Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC), based on the many-particle quantum hydrodynamic formalism. We derive the continuity equation, momentum balance equation, spin evolution and nematicity evolution equations considering the spin–spin dipole long-range interactions and short-range interactions between partially spin-polarized atoms of condensate. The nematic or quadrupolar tensor plays an important role in the experiments of spin-nematic squeezing. We predict the influence of the spin–spin dipole interactions and spin torque force on the dynamics of nematic tensor. The collective modes for phonons and magnons are predicted for the ferromagnetic phase of spinor condensate, where the spin–spin and short-range interactions modify the dispersion equation.
fNIRS STUDY OF EFFECTS OF FOOT BATH ON HUMAN BRAIN AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION
Authors: LI GUANGHAO , YUAN YAFEI , REN HAORAN , CHEN WEI
Published: April 2021

As a nondrug complementary therapy and healthy leisure physiotherapy method, foot bath (FB) is gaining acceptance and popularity in many areas. The significance of this research is to study the close and complex connection between FB stimulation and the human brain using fNIRS neuroimaging techniques. Participants were placed under two different conditions (normal and foot bath) and instructed to perform Stroop task of color word matching. Research on the behavioral results of the subjects showed that FB can effectively regulate the efficiency of humans in the process of performing tasks in a natural state. The fNIRS findings showed that the PFC in the FB condition was weakly activated compared to the normal condition. FB can realize the natural and healthy regulation of human brain cognitive function, which will have an impact on many production activities in human daily life.
Ex-anteImpact Assessment of Urban Interventions: The Sustainability Check at the Example of the City of Bottrop, Germany
Authors: Fuchs Marisa , Schnittfinke Tanja , Ohlmeyer Kristina , Gruehn Dietwald , Greiving Stefan
Published: April 2021

The effects of climate change and associated extreme weather events such as heat, storms and heavy rainfall lead to considerable damage to property and personal injury worldwide. To counteract the causes and consequences of climate change, many states, regions and cities worldwide declared the status of climate emergency in 2019. As a result, scientists and urban planners intensified their efforts to develop appropriate mechanisms and measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change and its consequences.

This paper presents an informal systematic and user-driven governance instrument, which examines the ecological, social and economic effects of urban interventions – the ‘Sustainability Check’. As a target-based assessment tool, it provides decision-makers with information about the extent to which a planned intervention corresponds with future-oriented urban development. The check results from the research project ZUKUR (‘Future of the Urban Region Ruhr’), in which researchers and practitioners from the City of Bottrop (Germany) worked together in a real-world laboratory. The Sustainability Check is novel because it combines elements of an impact assessment tailored to user needs and links sustainable urban development goals with resilient and environmentally just urban development at the local level. Based on the first application, we conclude that the Sustainability Check significantly contributes to developing a future-oriented city. Adapted to the local and context-specific needs of a city, it offers systematic consideration of the requirements of sustainable, resilient and environmentally just urban development in an efficient manner and at the early-stage.
Reappraisal of Arundian–Asbian successions of the Great Scar Limestone Group across northern England
Authors: Waters Colin N. , Burgess Iain C. , Cózar Pedro , Holliday Douglas W. , Somerville Ian D.
Published: April 2021

The correlation of disparate mid- to late Visean platform carbonate successions of the Great Scar Limestone Group across northern England formerly relied heavily upon a coral and brachiopod biozonation scheme erected in the early twentieth century. This subsequently guided the development of a regional chronostratigraphic scheme some sixty years later that continues to be used to the present day, broadly coinciding with development of new lithostratigraphical nomenclatures, different for each distinct structural area. Correlation problems encountered within these lithostratigraphic units from study of their foraminiferal assemblages, as well as critical analysis of the stratotype sections for the Holkerian and Asbian substages, questions the veracity of the long-established coral and brachiopod biostratigraphy. This study appraises the lithostratigraphical and biostratigraphical relationships of late Arundian to late Asbian limestones across the Askrigg and Alston blocks, the Stainmore Trough and flanks of the Lake District Block. It considers the correlation and potential rationalization of lithostratigraphic units, comments on revisions to the definition of the Holkerian and Asbian substage stratotypes and the suitability of the various biostratigraphical guide fossils.
Adhesive Wet Metallization on TiO2-Coated Glass
Authors: Wang Wei-Yen , Kao Yu-Hsiang , Yang Tzu-Yi , Chueh Yu-Lun , Wei Tzu-Chien
Published: April 2021

In this study, a process for wet metallization on glass substrate involving adhesive electroless plating (ELP) is developed by integrating two material innovations. The first involves functionalizing a polymer-capped Pd nanocluster with amino silane compound to strengthen the adhesion between the ELP metal film and substrate. The second involves an additional nanoscaled TiO2 layer serving as the adhesion promoting layer (APL) coated on glass before metallization. After investigation with various tools, ELP metal film was observed to penetrate the mesoporous structure of TiO2 APL, reinforcing the adhesion of metallized film on glass through the mechanical anchoring effect. The formation of an interlayer between TiO2 APL and glass is not observed. A T-peel strength of 325 N m−1 is achieved. According to fracture analysis, the metal film/TiO2/glass structure breaks inside TiO2 APL, not TiO2 APL/glass, suggesting that further engineering developments are required to improve TiO2 APL coating.
Structural and functional remodeling of the female Apoe−/− mouse aorta due to chronic cigarette smoke exposure
Authors: Farra Yasmeen M. , Matz Jacqueline , Ramkhelawon Bhama , Oakes Jessica M. , Bellini Chiara
Published: April 2021

We studied the effects of chronic cigarette smoking on the structure and function of the aorta in a mouse model of nose-only aerosol inhalation. Our data indicated that exposure to cigarette smoke impairs vascular function by reducing the ability of the aorta to store elastic energy and by decreasing aortic distensibility. Combined with a more vulnerable atherosclerotic phenotype, these findings reveal the biomechanical mechanisms that support the development of cardiovascular disease due to cigarette smoking.
Mitochondrial contributions to vascular endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Kirkman Danielle L. , Robinson Austin T. , Rossman Matthew J. , Seals Douglas R. , Edwards David G.
Published: April 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects one in three adults and remains the leading cause of death in America. Advancing age is a major risk factor for CVD. Recent plateaus in CVD-related mortality rates in high-income countries after decades of decline highlight a critical need to identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies to mitigate and manage the risk of CVD development and progression. Vascular dysfunction, characterized by endothelial dysfunction and large elastic artery stiffening, is independently associated with an increased CVD risk and incidence and is therefore an attractive target for CVD prevention and management. Vascular mitochondria have emerged as an important player in maintaining vascular homeostasis. As such, age- and disease-related impairments in mitochondrial function contribute to vascular dysfunction and consequent increases in CVD risk. This review outlines the role of mitochondria in vascular function and discusses the ramifications of mitochondrial dysfunction on vascular health in the setting of age and disease. The adverse vascular consequences of increased mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species, impaired mitochondrial quality control, and defective mitochondrial calcium cycling are emphasized, in particular. Current evidence for both lifestyle and pharmaceutical mitochondrial-targeted strategies to improve vascular function is also presented.
Development of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Cyclosporine from Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Data
Authors: Umpiérrez Martín , Guevara Natalia , Ibarra Manuel , Fagiolino Pietro , Vázquez Marta , Maldonado Cecilia
Published: April 2021

Aim. To develop a population pharmacokinetic model for Uruguayan patients under treatment with cyclosporine (CsA) that can be applied to TDM. Patients and Methods. A total of 53 patients under treatment with CsA were included. 37 patients with at least one pharmacokinetic profile described with four samples were considered for model building, while the remaining 16 were considered for the assessments of predictive performances. Pharmacokinetic parameter estimation was performed using a nonlinear mixed effect modelling implemented in the Monolix® software (version 2019R1, Lixoft, France); meanwhile, simulations were performed in R v.3.6.0 with the mlxR package. Results. A two‐compartment model with a first‐order disposition model including lag time was used as a structural model. The final model was internally validated using prediction corrected visual predictive check (pcVPC) and other graphical diagnostics. A total of 621 CsA steady‐state concentrations were analyzed for model development. Population estimates for the absorption constant (ka) and lag time were 0.523 h-1 and 0.512 h, respectively; apparent clearance (CL/F) was 30.3 L/h (relative standard error [RSE] ± 8.25%) with an interindividual variability of 39.8% and interoccasion variability of 38.0%; meanwhile, apparent clearance of distribution (Q/F) was 17.0 L/h (RSE ± 12.1%) with and interindividual variability of 53.2%. The covariate analysis identified creatinine clearance (ClCrea) as an individual factor influencing the Cl of CsA. The predictive capacity of the population model was demonstrated to be effective since predictions made for new patients were accurate for C1 and C2 (MPPEs below 50%). Bayesian forecasting improved significantly in the second and third occasions. Conclusion. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed to reasonably estimate the individual cyclosporine clearance for patients. Hence, it can be utilized to individualize CsA doses for prompt and adequate achievement of target blood concentrations of CsA.
Dispersant for Reducing Mud Cakes of Slurry Shield Tunnel Boring Machine in Sticky Ground
Authors: Zhao Shisen , Li Shuchen , Wan Zeen , Wang Manling
Published: April 2021

When a slurry shield tunnel boring machine (TBM) encounters sticky ground during tunneling, mud cakes often occur on the cutter head due to the high stickiness of soil. The mud cakes caused several negative issues, such as high torque demand, advancement rate reduction, and additional costs. Existing studies have largely focused on Earth pressure balance TBMs; research on formation and mitigation measures of mud cakes in slurry shield TBMs is limited. Therefore, this study proposes the addition of dispersant to the slurry to prevent mud cakes during the tunneling of slurry shield TBMs by reducing stickiness of excavated clay. The basic properties of slurry were measured experimentally, and the effectiveness of dispersant in reducing the potential for mud cakes was investigated through mixing tests and viscosity experiments. A statistical analysis of the data was performed to determine relationships between slurry properties and material behaviors. The results showed that the slurry with dispersant had a lower viscosity and formed filter cakes more quickly, thereby meeting the performance requirements of a supporting fluid for slurry shield TBMs. Further, dispersant effectively reduced the empirical stickiness ratio and suspension viscosity. Therefore, a slurry with an appropriate dispersant content could effectively reduce the potential for mud cake formation.
Controlled
∗
-Operator Frames on Hilbert

C

∗

-Modules
Authors: Labrigui Hatim , Touri Abdeslam , Rossafi Mohamed , Kabbaj Samir
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we study the concept of controlled

∗

-operator frames for the space of all adjointable operators on a Hilbert

C

∗

-module H. Also, we discuss characterizations of controlled

∗

-operator frames and we give some properties. Some illustrative examples are provided to advocate the usability of our results.
A Case of Aspiration Pneumonia Caused by Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks Associated with Delayed Identification of Iatrogenic Skull Base Injury during Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Anzai Takashi , Baba Akira , Ito Shin , Suzuki Yo , Tajima Shori , Hara Satoshi , Takata Yusuke , Matsumoto Fumihiko , Ikeda Katsuhisa
Published: April 2021

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks associated with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) are a rare complication affecting approximately 0.09% of patients. Although meningitis is a well-known complication of CSF leaks, the case we present is a rare and cautionary case of CSF leakage associated with ESS leading to aspiration pneumonia. A 43-year-old man with CSF leaks after ESS was referred to our hospital. After the operation, sometimes, he reported having a serous nasal discharge from the right side when he bent over, and he woke up choking on something every day. He also experienced headache, fever, fatigue, and cough. Interestingly, chest computed tomography (CT) showed a consolidation and ground-glass opacity in the posterior segments of the right upper lobes and superior segments of the bilateral lower lobes. These CT imaging findings were similar to those of aspiration pneumonia in bedridden patients who are always in a supine position. These findings suggest that CSF caused aspiration pneumonia. To the best of our knowledge, no case of aspiration pneumonia caused by CSF during endoscopic sinus surgery has been reported until now. If a patient with CSF leakage after ESS experiences fever, cough, or fatigue, physicians should consider aspiration pneumonia in addition to meningitis.
Update in the Management of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives
Authors: Samman Karla N. , Ross Carolyn , Pagnoux Christian , Makhzoum Jean-Paul
Published: April 2021

Significant progress has been made in the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV), notably in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis. Over the past few years, many innovative studies have changed the way we now induce and maintain remission in AAV; achieving remission while limiting treatment toxicity is the key. This article provides an in-depth, up-to-date summary of recent trials and suggests treatment algorithms for induction and maintenance of remission based on the latest guidelines. Future possible therapies in AAV will also be discussed.
Dietary Fiber: An Opportunity for a Global Control of Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Nie Ying , Luo Feijun
Published: April 2021

Dietary fiber has a long history in the intervention study of hyperlipidemia. In this review, current understandings of structures, sources, and natures of various kinds of dietary fibers (DFs) were analyzed first. Available evidences for the use of different varieties of DFs in the lipid‐lowering action both in vitro and in vivo were subsequently classified, including both soluble ones, such as glucans, pectins, and gums, and insoluble ones, including arabinooxylans and chitosans, in order to draw a primary conclusion of their dose and molecular weight relationship with lipid‐lowering effect. Their potential mechanisms, especially the related molecular mechanism of protective action in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, were summarized at last. Five major mechanisms are believed to be responsible for the antihyperlipidemic benefits of DFs, including low levels of energy, bulking effect, viscosity, binding capacity, and fermentation thus ameliorating the symptoms of hyperlipidemia. From the molecular level, DFs could possibly affect the activities of HMG‐CoA reductase, LDL receptors, CYP7A1, and MAPK signaling pathway as well as other lipid metabolism‐related target genes. In summary, dietary fibers could be used as alternative supplements to exert certain lipid‐lowering effects on humans. However, more clinical evidence is needed to strengthen this proposal and its fully underlying mechanism still requires more investigation.