bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mutable defendant: from penitent to rights-bearing and beyond
Authors: Gimson Rachel
Published: October 2019

Contemporary criminal justice is premised on a rights-bearing defendant safe-guarded by due process from arbitrary state punishment. The paucity of academic commentary on the role of the criminal defendant suggests that there is a common assumption that the role is static. However, the rights-bearing defendant is a relatively new concept. Through a legal history analysis, this paper demonstrates that the defendant's role can mutate in response to pressures placed on the criminal trial. Broadly, there have been three conceptualisations of the defendant: the penitent Anglo-Norman defendant; the advocate defendant of the jury trial; and the rights-bearing adversarial defendant. Importantly, the shift from one conceptualisation to another has occurred gradually, often without commentary or conscious effort to instigate change. There are many contemporary pressures that could be impacting on the rights-bearing defendant. The concept of a mutable defendant provides a new theory through which to analyse these pressures. This paper considers the introduction of adverse inferences regarding the right to silence and disclosure, and the rise of ‘digilantism’. These new pressures, it is suggested, help to facilitate a rhetoric of deservingness that goes against the rights-bearing defendant and raises the risk its role could once again be mutating.
Malnutrition screening and acute kidney injury in hospitalised patients: a retrospective study over a 5-year period from China
Authors: Li Chenyu , Xu Lingyu , Guan Chen , Zhao Long , Luo Congjuan , Zhou Bin , Zhang Xiaosu , Wang Jing , Zhao Jun , Huang Junyan , Li Dan , Luan Hong , Man Xiaofei , Che Lin , Wang Yanfei , Zhang Hui , Xu Yan
Published: October 2019

Malnutrition and acute kidney injury (AKI) are common complications in hospitalised patients, and both increase mortality; however, the relationship between them is unknown. This is a retrospective propensity score matching study enrolling 46 549 inpatients, aimed to investigate the association between Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and AKI and to assess the ability of NRS-2002 and AKI in predicting prognosis. In total, 37 190 (80 %) and 9359 (20 %) patients had NRS-2002 scores <3 and ≥3, respectively. Patients with NRS-2002 scores ≥3 had longer lengths of stay (12·6 (sd 7·8) v. 10·4 (sd 6·2) d, P < 0·05), higher mortality rates (9·6 v. 2·5 %, P < 0·05) and higher incidence of AKI (28 v. 16 %, P < 0·05) than patients with normal nutritional status. The NRS-2002 showed a strong association with AKI, that is, the risk of AKI changed in parallel with the score of the NRS-2002. In short- and long-term survival, patients with a lower NRS-2002 score or who did not have AKI achieved a significantly lower risk of mortality than those with a high NRS-2002 score or AKI. Univariate Cox regression analyses indicated that both the NRS-2002 and AKI were strongly related to long-term survival (AUC 0·79 and 0·71) and that the combination of the two showed better accuracy (AUC 0·80) than the individual variables. In conclusion, malnutrition can increase the risk of AKI and both AKI and malnutrition can worsen the prognosis that the undernourished patients who develop AKI yield far worse prognosis than patients with normal nutritional status.
Development or Rent Seeking? How Political Influence Shapes Public Works Provision in India
Authors: Thomas Anjali
Published: October 2019

How do politicians with influence over public works programs balance their incentives to gain electoral support with their proclivities for rent seeking? This article argues that government elites in parliamentary systems manage this trade-off by concentrating rent-seeking opportunities in their own hands while facilitating efficient public goods provision in the constituencies of their more junior partisan colleagues. Analyses using fine-grained data on road construction in India based on a variety of causal inference strategies support the argument. While ruling party legislators showed higher levels of road provision in their constituencies regardless of ministerial status, road projects in ministers’ constituencies showed higher levels of rent seeking than those in the constituencies of other ruling party legislators. Moreover, consistent with the mechanism, ruling party legislators’ diminished access to rent-seeking opportunities appears to be largely driven by the influence of co-partisan ministers. The findings illuminate how politicized distribution can sometimes mitigate inefficiencies in infrastructure provision.
Response of a marine benthic invertebrate community and biotic indices to organic enrichment from sewage disposal
Authors: Culhane Fiona E. , Briers Robert A. , Tett Paul , Fernandes Teresa F.
Published: October 2019

Nutrient enrichment is a significant cause of ecosystem change in coastal habitats worldwide. This study focuses on the change in a benthic macroinvertebrate community and environmental quality as assessed through different biotic indices following the construction of a sewage outfall pipe in the west of Scotland, from first implementation to seven years after operation of the pipe. Benthic macroinvertebrates are an important part of marine ecosystems because they mediate ecosystem processes and functions, are a key part of food webs and they provide many ecosystem services. Results indicated a clear change in benthic communities over time with an increase in species richness and changes to benthic community composition (specifically feeding type, bioturbation mode and ecological group) towards those indicative of organic enrichment. No clear spatial zonation was observed because organic carbon content increased over the entire area. According to a suite of benthic indices calculated, some negative changes were detectable following the start of sewage disposal, but largely negative community changes, and a change from ‘good’ to ‘moderate’ quality, only occurred seven years after implementation. The increase in species richness in response to increasing disturbance reduced the utility of a multi-metric index, the Infaunal Quality Index, which, instead of amplifying the signal of negative impact, dampened it. We suggest that any change in communities, regardless of direction, should be heeded, and species richness is a particularly sensitive and early warning indicator for this, but a suite of approaches is required to understand benthic community changes.
The whole class ensemble tuition programme in English schools – a brief introduction
Authors: Fautley Martin , Daubney Alison
Published: October 2019

The whole class ensemble tuition (WCET) programme in English schools is a somewhat singular and relatively recent arrival onto the teaching and learning scene. It arose from a remark made by an English politician and has grown from there into becoming a regular feature in the music education landscape in primary schools. It has elements which will be familiar to music educators in many parts of the world, whilst having some aspects which are unique to the English context. In order to place the WCET programme into perspective, this paper outlines the policy context which gave rise to it and explains what it involves and how it is operationalised in schools.
Models of teaching and learning identified in Whole Class Ensemble Tuition
Authors: Fautley Martin , Kinsella Victoria , Whittaker Adam
Published: October 2019

The Whole Class Ensemble Tuition (WCET) is a model of teaching and learning music which takes place in many English primary schools. It is a relative newcomer to music pedagogy in the primary school. In the groundbreaking study reported in this paper, two new models of teaching and learning music are proposed. These are (a) Music education starts with the instrument and (b) Music education takes place via the instrument. Conceptualised descriptions of classroom music pedagogies are not commonplace, and so this paper makes a significant contribution to the music education research literature by delineating, describing and labelling two of these with reference to the WCET programme. These distinctions are of international significance and are useful to describe differences between programmes, which constitutes a major contribution to music curricula discussions. The paper concludes that clarity on the purposes of teaching and learning is fundamental to effective musical pedagogy and that this is a matter that education systems worldwide should be considering.
Musical culture and the primary school: an investigation into parental attitudes to Whole Class Ensemble Teaching in the English primary school and potential impacts on children’s musical progress
Authors: Anderson Anthony , Barton-Wales Sarah
Published: October 2019

Musical cultures in primary schools are influenced by motivators which include intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Whole Class Ensemble Teaching (WCET) as realised through provision from Music Education Hubs in England is an extrinsic factor which has been widely influential. This article explores the dynamics in play in parental engagement in music provision, as realised through domains of musical value and progression in the context of WCET provision. It presents research, based on data from one primary school in the English Midlands, drawing on responses from children, parents, the WCET teacher and the head teacher of the school. The research used semi-structured interviews and graphical elicitation as research methodologies to create a conceptual map of theoretical perspectives for parental responses to WCET and suggests that triangulating motivating influences from parents, WCET and learners remain an emergent domain.
Rare occurrence of Tetralogy of Fallot in dizygotic twins conceived via in vitro fertilisation
Authors: Greenberg Jason W. , Reddy Chetana , Huddleston Charles B.
Published: October 2019

An increased incidence of CHD has been noted in twin gestations and in infants conceived using assisted reproductive technologies. However, CHD in these populations remains understudied and the mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain unclear. We present the case of twins conceived via in vitro fertilisation both with Tetralogy of Fallot and additional cardiac and extracardiac malformations.
Post-imperial Europe: Integration through Disintegration
Authors: Biti Vladimir
Published: October 2019

In the post-imperial East Central Europe after the dissolution of the German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman and Russian empires, disappointment was commonplace. The imperial successor states were involved in revengeful animosities with neighbouring states, torn by their majority population’s hatred of domestic minorities, bereft of tens of millions of their co-nationals who had remained in now foreign nation-states, exposed to huge influxes of refugees, and embittered by the territorial concessions that they were forced to make. By contrast, the newly established nation-states were plagued by miserable social and economic conditions, poor infrastructures, unemployment, inflation, rigid and immobile social stratification, and corrupt and inefficient administrations. Such developments gave rise to huge and traumatic deportations and migrations of populations, which, paradoxically, simultaneously immensely increased the mobility of their imagination. Using the technique of ‘subversive mimicry’, these nationally indistinct elements established cross-national transborder communities as the zones of ‘national indifference’ within the new nation-states. Carried by the energy of their longing, these communities introduced imbalances, fissures, and divisions into the nation-state communities, which determined their belonging.
Criterion-related validity in a sample of migraine outpatients: the diagnostic criteria for psychosomatic research
Authors: Cosci Fiammetta , Svicher Andrea , Romanazzo Sara , Maggini Lucia , De Cesaris Francesco , Benemei Silvia , Geppetti Pierangelo
Published: October 2019

Objective.

The Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR) are those of psychosomatic syndromes that did not find room in the classical taxonomy. More recently, the DCPR were updated, called DCPR-revised (DCPR-R). The present study was conducted to test the criterion-related validity of the DCPR-R.

Methods.

Two hundred consecutive subjects were enrolled at the Headache Center of Careggi University Hospital (Italy): 100 subjects had a diagnosis of chronic migraine (CM) and 100 had a diagnosis of episodic migraine (EM). Participants received a clinical assessment, which included the DCPR-revised Semi-Structured Interview (DCPR-R SSI), the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5), and the psychosocial index (PSI).

Results.

Forty-seven subjects (23.5%) had at least one DSM-5 diagnosis: major depressive disorder (8.5%; n = 17) and agoraphobia (7.5%; n = 15) were the most frequent. One hundred and ten subjects (55%) reported a DCPR-R diagnosis: allostatic overload (29%; n = 58) and type A behavior (10.5%; n = 21) were the most frequent. When the incremental validity of the DCPR system over the DSM system was tested using PSI subscales as the criterion variable, the DCPR-R increased up to 0.11–0.24 the amount of explained variance. Subjects with at least one DCPR-R diagnosis showed lower PSI well-being scores (p = .001), higher PSI stress scores (p
< .001), and higher PSI psychological distress scores (p = .008) than subjects without a DCPR-R diagnosis.

Conclusion.

The DCPR-R showed a good criterion-related validity in migraine outpatients. Thus, they might be implemented, together with the DSM-5, in the assessment of migraine subjects.
Alexander Crummell on Coleridge and the Politics of Abolitionist Selfhood
Authors: Wirzbicki Peter
Published: October 2019

This artricle explores the philosophical roots of Alexander Crummell's abolitionism. It argues that the black abolitionist developed a philosophically sophisticated approach to antislavery politics and to black advancement rooted, in part, in his encounter with Samuel Taylor Coleridge's metaphysics and epistemology. Developing out his encounter with Coleridge and others, Crummell developed a politicized theory of the self. From Coleridge he took an appreciation of anti-instrumental ways of thinking about politics rooted in the alignment of internal qualities of the self with external political organizing. His thought demonstrates the cosmopolitanism and sophistication of antebellum black intellectual and activist life, as well as the ways that theories of selfhood were deployed in radical political movements of the nineteenth century.
Perspective: a healthy planet for healthy people
Authors: Ekins Paul , Gupta Joyeeta
Published: October 2019

Non-technical abstract

This perspective article from the co-chairs of the United Nations Environment Programme's Sixth Global Environment Outlook (GEO-6) uses the assessment of the literature in the GEO-6 to show how a healthy planet and healthy people are linked together. It argues that the health of the planet is deteriorating and that this deteriorating ecosystem health has major direct and indirect impacts on human health and well-being. Direct impacts include the impacts of polluted air on the lungs of people, while indirect impacts include the impacts of land degradation on food security. Therefore, protecting the environment will also have major benefits for human health and well-being.
Band sowing with hoeing in organic grains: I. Comparisons with alternative weed management practices in spring barley
Authors: McCollough Margaret R. , Gallandt Eric R. , Darby Heather M. , Molloy Thomas
Published: October 2019

Weeds remain the foremost production challenge for organic small grain farmers in the northeastern United States. Instead of crops sown in narrow, single-line rows, band sowing offers a more uniform spatial arrangement of the crop, maximizing interspecific while reducing intraspecific competition. Weeds in the inter-band zone are controlled by cultivating with aggressive sweeps; tine harrowing can target weeds in both intra- and inter-band zones. Field experiments in Maine and Vermont in 2016 and 2017 evaluated band sowing for improved weed control, crop yield, and grain quality in organic spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Newdale’). Specifically, we compared: (1) the standard practice of sowing 16.5-cm rows at a target crop density of 325 plants m−2, (2) narrow-row sowing with increased crop density, (3) wide-row sowing with interrow hoeing, and (4) band sowing both with and (5) without inter-band hoeing. Mustard (Sinapis alba L. ‘Ida Gold’) was planted throughout the experiment as a surrogate weed. Compared with the standard practice, band sowing with hoeing reduced surrogate weed density on average by 45% across site-years. However, effects on weed biomass and yield were inconsistent, perhaps due to suboptimal timing of hoeing and adverse weather conditions. In 1 out of 4 site-years, band sowing with hoeing reduced surrogate weed biomass by 67% and increased crop yield compared with the standard treatment. Results also indicate that band sowing with hoeing may improve 1,000-kernel weight and plump kernel grain-quality parameters.
Research Note on Whether Sexual Minority Individuals Are Over-Represented Among Suicide's Casualties
Authors: Feigelman William , Plöderl Martin , Rosen Zohn , Cerel Julie
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Background: Past studies have repeatedly shown higher suicidal thoughts and attempts among sexual minority members, yet have remained opaque on whether these groups are more prone to taking their own lives. Aims: This short report focuses on suicide deaths among sexual minority members. Method: We utilized two large-scale surveys: one, among adults, the updated Cumulative General Social Surveys, and the other, among adolescents, The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), where respondents' data were cross-linked to National Death Index death records. Results: Results confirmed pre-existent findings showing elevated suicide rates among sexual minority females but not among sexual minority males. Limitations: The shortfall of female adolescent suicides in the Add Health sample prevented us from examining the question of female sexual minority suicides within this population. Conclusion: Although ample evidence demonstrates higher suicidal thoughts and attempts among sexual minority males, three studies presently do not confirm their greater propensity to die by suicide, compared with heterosexual males; yet, for sexual minority females the evidence is steadily mounting showing their greater suicide risks.
Effects of Damming on River Nitrogen Fluxes: A Global Analysis
Authors: Akbarzadeh Zahra , Maavara Taylor , Slowinski Stephanie , Van Cappellen Philippe
Published: October 2019

Damming creates biogeochemical hotspots along rivers that modify the riverine flow of nutrients, including nitrogen (N). Here, we quantify the impact of dams on global riverine N fluxes using a reservoir N mass balance model. In‐reservoir processes represented in the model include primary production, mineralization of organic N, denitrification, and sedimentary burial. In addition, we explicitly account for N fixation as a source of N, assuming that the N to phosphorus (P) ratio of the inflow regulates the magnitude of N fixation in reservoirs. The model is scaled up via a Monte Carlo analysis that yields global relationships between N elimination in reservoirs, either by denitrification or burial, and the hydraulic residence time. These relationships are then combined with N loads to the world's dam reservoirs generated by the Global‐NEWS model and the estimated N fixation fluxes. According to the results, in year 2000, worldwide N fixation in reservoirs was on the order of 70 Gmol yr−1, while denitrification and burial in reservoirs eliminated around 270 Gmol yr−1, equal to 7% of N loading to the global river network. The latter is predicted to double to 14% by 2030, mainly as a result of the current boom in dam building. The results further imply that, largely due to N fixation in reservoirs, damming causes a global upward shift in riverine N:P ratios, thus lessening N limitation in receiving water bodies.
The Netrin-1/DCC guidance system: dopamine pathway maturation and psychiatric disorders emerging in adolescence
Authors: Vosberg Daniel E. , Leyton Marco , Flores Cecilia
Published: October 2019

Axon guidance molecules direct growing axons toward their targets, assembling the intricate wiring of the nervous system. One of these molecules, Netrin-1, and its receptor, DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer), has profound effects, in laboratory animals, on the adolescent expansion of mesocorticolimbic pathways, particularly dopamine. Now, a rapidly growing literature suggests that (1) these same alterations could occur in humans, and (2) genetic variants in Netrin-1 and DCC are associated with depression, schizophrenia, and substance use. Together, these findings provide compelling evidence that Netrin-1 and DCC influence mesocorticolimbic-related psychopathological states that emerge during adolescence.
Correction: Casein kinase 2 inhibition sensitizes medulloblastoma to temozolomide
Authors: Nitta Ryan T. , Bolin Sara , Luo Emily , Solow-Cordero David E. , Samghabadi Peyman , Purzner Teresa , Aujla Parvir S. , Nwagbo Ginikachi , Cho Yoon-Jae , Li Gordon
Published: October 2019

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author David Solow-Cordero, which was incorrectly given as David Solow-Codero. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Anion transport as a target of adaption to perchlorate in sulfate-reducing communities
Authors: Stoeva Magdalena K , Kuehl Jennifer , Kazakov Alexey E , Wang Ouwei , Rushton-Green Rowena , Coates John D
Published: October 2019

Inhibitors can be used to control the functionality of microbial communities by targeting specific metabolisms. The targeted inhibition of dissimilatory sulfate reduction limits the generation of toxic and corrosive hydrogen sulfide across several industrial systems. Sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) are specifically inhibited by sulfate analogs, such as perchlorate. Previously, we showed pure culture SRM adaptation to perchlorate stress through mutation of the sulfate adenylyltransferase, a central enzyme in the sulfate reduction pathway. Here, we explored adaptation to perchlorate across unconstrained SRM on a community scale. We followed natural and bio-augmented sulfidogenic communities through serial transfers in increasing concentrations of perchlorate. Our results demonstrated that perchlorate stress altered community structure by initially selecting for innately more resistant strains. Isolation, whole-genome sequencing, and molecular biology techniques allowed us to define subsequent genetic mechanisms of adaptation that arose across the dominant adapting SRM. Changes in the regulation of divalent anion:sodium symporter family transporters led to increased intracellular sulfate to perchlorate ratios, allowing SRM to escape the effects of competitive inhibition. Thus, in contrast to pure-culture results, SRM in communities cope with perchlorate stress via changes in anion transport and its regulation. This highlights the value of probing evolutionary questions in an ecological framework, bridging the gap between ecology, evolution, genomics, and physiology.
Targeted knock-in mice expressing the oxidase-fixed form of xanthine oxidoreductase favor tumor growth
Authors: Kusano Teruo , Ehirchiou Driss , Matsumura Tomohiro , Chobaz Veronique , Nasi Sonia , Castelblanco Mariela , So Alexander , Lavanchy Christine , Acha-Orbea Hans , Nishino Takeshi , Okamoto Ken , Busso Nathalie
Published: October 2019

Xanthine oxidoreductase has been implicated in cancer. Nonetheless, the role played by its two convertible forms, xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and oxidase (XO) during tumorigenesis is not understood. Here we produce XDH-stable and XO-locked knock-in (ki) mice to address this question. After tumor transfer, XO ki mice show strongly increased tumor growth compared to wild type (WT) and XDH ki mice. Hematopoietic XO expression is responsible for this effect. After macrophage depletion, tumor growth is reduced. Adoptive transfer of XO-ki macrophages in WT mice increases tumor growth. In vitro, XO ki macrophages produce higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for the increased Tregs observed in the tumors. Blocking ROS in vivo slows down tumor growth. Collectively, these results indicate that the balance of XO/XDH plays an important role in immune surveillance of tumor development. Strategies that inhibit the XO form specifically may be valuable in controlling cancer growth.
Integrated multilayer stretchable printed circuit boards paving the way for deformable active matrix
Authors: Biswas Shantonu , Schoeberl Andreas , Hao Yufei , Reiprich Johannes , Stauden Thomas , Pezoldt Joerg , Jacobs Heiko O.
Published: October 2019

Conventional rigid electronic systems use a number of metallization layers to route all necessary connections to and from isolated surface mount devices using well-established printed circuit board technology. In contrast, present solutions to prepare stretchable electronic systems are typically confined to a single stretchable metallization layer. Crossovers and vertical interconnect accesses remain challenging; consequently, no reliable stretchable printed circuit board (SPCB) method has established. This article reports an industry compatible SPCB manufacturing method that enables multilayer crossovers and vertical interconnect accesses to interconnect isolated devices within an elastomeric matrix. As a demonstration, a stretchable (260%) active matrix with integrated electronic and optoelectronic surface mount devices is shown that can deform reversibly into various 3D shapes including hemispherical, conical or pyramid.
Engineered amphiphilic peptides enable delivery of proteins and CRISPR-associated nucleases to airway epithelia
Authors: Krishnamurthy Sateesh , Wohlford-Lenane Christine , Kandimalla Suhas , Sartre Gilles , Meyerholz David K. , Théberge Vanessa , Hallée Stéphanie , Duperré Anne-Marie , Del’Guidice Thomas , Lepetit-Stoffaes Jean-Pascal , Barbeau Xavier , Guay David , McCray Paul B.
Published: October 2019

The delivery of biologic cargoes to airway epithelial cells is challenging due to the formidable barriers imposed by its specialized and differentiated cells. Among cargoes, recombinant proteins offer therapeutic promise but the lack of effective delivery methods limits their development. Here, we achieve protein and SpCas9 or AsCas12a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery to cultured human well-differentiated airway epithelial cells and mouse lungs with engineered amphiphilic peptides. These shuttle peptides, non-covalently combined with GFP protein or CRISPR-associated nuclease (Cas) RNP, allow rapid entry into cultured human ciliated and non-ciliated epithelial cells and mouse airway epithelia. Instillation of shuttle peptides combined with SpCas9 or AsCas12a RNP achieves editing of loxP sites in airway epithelia of ROSAmT/mG mice. We observe no evidence of short-term toxicity with a widespread distribution restricted to the respiratory tract. This peptide-based technology advances potential therapeutic avenues for protein and Cas RNP delivery to refractory airway epithelial cells.
Publisher Correction: Dibutyl phthalate induced testicular dysgenesis originates after seminiferous cord formation in rats
Authors: Lara Nathália L. M. , van den Driesche Sander , Macpherson Sheila , França Luiz R. , Sharpe Richard M.
Published: October 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: The Beta-adrenergic agonist, Ractopamine, increases skeletal muscle expression of Asparagine Synthetase as part of an integrated stress response gene program
Authors: Brown David , Ryan Kevin , Daniel Zoe , Mareko Molebeledi , Talbot Richard , Moreton Joanna , Giles Tom C. B. , Emes Richard , Hodgman Charlie , Parr Tim , Brameld John M.
Published: October 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Characterisation of the inflammatory cytokine and growth factor profile in a rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Wong Chee Wai , Cheung Ning , Ho Candice , Barathi Veluchamy , Storm Gert , Wong Tina T.
Published: October 2019

To clarify the mechanisms and their temporal relationship in the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), we measured vitreous levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in a rabbit model of PVR. PVR was surgically induced in 11 rabbit eyes by vitrectomy, retinotomy, cryotherapy and injection of platelet-rich plasma at baseline. Severity of PVR was assessed on dilated fundal examination with indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy and graded based on the revised experimental PVR classification. Severe PVR was defined as stage 5 or worse. Vitreous concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 β), tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), C reactive protein; (CRP), placental growth factor (PlGF), platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2) at weeks 2, 3 and 4 were compared to baseline and correlations between the cytokines with PVR severity were assessed. Four weeks after PVR induction, 5 eyes (45.5%) had developed severe PVR. IL-8 was raised at 2 weeks post PVR induction (1.46 ± 0.48 pg/ml vs 0.53 ± 0.25 pg/ml, p = 0.04) and remained significantly elevated at week 4 (2.6 ± 3.1 pg/ml, p = 0.03). CRP was significantly raised at week 4 (34.8 ± 12.0 pg/ml vs 13.0 ± 13.1 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Among the growth factors, PDGF-BB was the earliest to show significantly elevated levels, at 3 weeks (50.4 ± 19.0 pg/ml vs 6.2 ± 10.1 pg/ml) and remained elevated at week 4 (p = 0.002), while PlGF (11.2 ± 7.7 pg/ml vs 5.3 ± 3.8 pg/ml, p = 0.002) and Ang2 (13617.0 ± 8170.2 pg/ml vs 38593.8 ± 8313.4, p = 0.02) were significantly raised at week 4. IFN-γ (p = 0.03), PDGF-BB (p = 0.02) and VEGF (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with PVR severity. We demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines IL-6, -8, elevation post PVR induction is followed by elevated levels of fibroproliferative growth factors, Ang2, PlGF, VEGF and PDGF-BB in the development of PVR. These findings will guide future studies targeting appropriate therapeutic strategies for the treatment of PVR.
Anti-Tumor Effects of Wee1 Kinase Inhibitor with Radiotherapy in Human Cervical Cancer
Authors: Lee Yoo-Young , Cho Young-Jae , Shin Sung-won , Choi Changhoon , Ryu Ji-Yoon , Jeon Hye-Kyung , Choi Jung-Joo , Hwang Jae Ryoung , Choi Chel Hun , Kim Tae-Joong , Kim Byoung- Gie , Bae Duk-Soo , Park Won , Lee Jeong-Won
Published: October 2019

Although the concurrent use of a chemotherapeutic agent and radiotherapy improves survival in patients with locally advanced or recurrent cervical cancer, severe side effects related to chemotherapy are frequent and may result in a low quality of life for the patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of a combination of Wee1 inhibitor (AZD1775) and irradiation in cervical cancer. In vitro effects of AZD1775 with irradiation in human cervical cancer cells were assessed by clonogenic survival and apoptosis assays. The effects on DNA damage response signaling and the cell cycle were also explored. Tumor growth delay was evaluated to investigate the in vivo effects of AZD1775 with irradiation in cervical cancer mouse models, including xenografts and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). The co-treatment of AZD1775 and irradiation significantly decreased clonogenic survival and increased apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. These effects were associated with G2 checkpoint abrogation which resulted in persistent DNA damage. Both in the xenografts and the PDXs, the co-treatment significantly decreased tumor growth compared tothe irradiation alone (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the Wee1 inhibitor (AZD1775) can be considered as a potential alternative as a radiosensitizer in cervical cancer instead of a chemotherapeutic agent such as cisplatin.
Enhanced flux pinning isotropy by tuned nanosized defect network in superconducting YBa2Cu3O6+x films
Authors: Khan Mukarram Zaman , Rivasto Elmeri , Tikkanen Jussi , Rijckaert Hannes , Malmivirta Mika , Liedke Maciej Oskar , Butterling Maik , Wagner Andreas , Huhtinen Hannu , Van Driessche Isabel , Paturi Petriina
Published: October 2019

Striving to improve the critical current density Jc of superconducting YBa2Cu3O6+x (YBCO) thin films via enhanced vortex pinning, the interplay between film growth mechanisms and the formation of nanosized defects, both natural and artificial, is systematically studied in undoped and BaZrO3 (BZO)-doped YBCO thin films. The films were grown via pulsed laser deposition (PLD), varying the crystal grain size of the targets in addition to the dopant content. The microstructure of the PLD target has been observed to have a great impact on that of the deposited thin films, including the formation of vortex pinning centers, which has direct implications on the superconducting performance, especially on the isotropy of flux pinning properties. Based on experimentally measured angular dependencies of Jc, coupled with a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of flux pinning in the YBCO films, we present a quantitative model of how the splay and fragmentation of BZO nanorods artifically introduced into the YBCO film matrix explain the majority of the observed critical current anisotropy.
Base-controlled mechanistic divergence between iron(iv)-oxo and iron(iii)-hydroperoxo in the H2O2 activation by a nonheme iron(ii) complex
Authors: Bohn Antoine , Chinaux-Chaix Clémence , Cheaib Khaled , Guillot Régis , Herrero Christian , Sénéchal-David Katell , Rebilly Jean-Noël , Banse Frédéric
Published: October 2019

An FeII complex reacts with excess H2O2 in the presence of sub-stoichiometric NEt3 to give FeIV(O) and FeIII(OOH) reactive species following a base-dependent and a base-independent pathway, respectively.
Curcumin inhibits cigarette smoke-induced inflammation via modulating the PPARγ-NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Li Qiuping , Sun Jing , Mohammadtursun Nabijan , Wu Jinfeng , Dong Jingcheng , Li Lulu
Published: October 2019

The PPARγ-NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin on cigarette smoke-induced COPD models.
ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation as a result of Cu(ii) interaction with FomA protein fragments of F. nucleatum: relevance to colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: Lesiów Monika Katarzyna , Komarnicka Urszula Katarzyna , Kyzioł Agnieszka , Bieńko Alina , Pietrzyk Piotr
Published: October 2019

The ability of Cu(ii) complexes with FomA protein fragments of Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined.
Precision-extension technique for accurate vector–matrix multiplication with a CNT transistor crossbar array
Authors: Kim Sungho , Lee Yongwoo , Kim Hee-Dong , Choi Sung-Jin
Published: October 2019

A precision-extension technique for a dot-product engine can perform vector–matrix multiplication experimentally without any error.
Gas sensing mechanisms of metal oxide semiconductors: a focus review
Authors: Ji Haocheng , Zeng Wen , Li Yanqiong
Published: October 2019

This review organizes and introduces several common gas sensing mechanisms of metal oxide semiconductors in detail and classifies them into two categories. The scope and relationship of these mechanisms are clarified.
Synthesis of Guerbet ionic liquids and extractants as β-branched biosourceable hydrophobes
Authors: Damilano Giacomo , Binnemans Koen , Dehaen Wim
Published: October 2019

Linear aldehydes were used as green precursors in the synthesis of beta-branched aldehydes. Then, the branched aldehydes were converted to tertiary amines and ammonium ILs.
Stereocomplexation of cyclic polylactides with each other and with linear poly(l-lactide)s
Authors: Meyer Andreas , Weidner Steffen M. , Kricheldorf Hans R.
Published: October 2019

This study describes for the first time syntheses and properties of stereocomplexes based on cyclic polylactides.
Electrochemical and adsorption behaviors of thiadiazole derivatives on the aluminum surface
Authors: Tang Huajie , Sun Jianlin , Yan Xudong , Wu Ping
Published: October 2019

Electrochemical and adsorption behaviors of thiadiazole derivatives on the aluminum surface were investigated by an experimental and quantum chemical approach.
Synthesis of uniform Prussian blue nanoparticles by a polyol process using a polyethylene glycol aqueous solution
Authors: Shiba Fumiyuki , Mameuda Ushio , Tatejima Seitarou , Okawa Yusuke
Published: October 2019

A polyol process using PEG aqueous solution is applicable to synthesize uniform Prussian blue nanoparticles.
AIE-active non-conjugated poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) as a fluorescent thermometer for intracellular temperature imaging
Authors: Saha Biswajit , Ruidas Bhuban , Mete Sourav , Mukhopadhyay Chitrangada Das , Bauri Kamal , De Priyadarsi
Published: October 2019

Unprecedented photoluminescence, AIE and heat-induced emission characteristics of non-conjugated thermoresponsive PNVCL were unveiled for the very first time which eventually empowered PNVCL to act as an intracellular thermometer.
Flexible, transparent ion-conducting membranes from two-dimensional nanoclays of intrinsic conductivity
Authors: Cao Li , Wu Hong , He Xueyi , Geng Haobo , Zhang Runnan , Qiu Ming , Yang Pengfei , Shi Benbing , Khan Niaz Ali , Jiang Zhongyi
Published: October 2019

An intrinsic ion-conducting membrane with high ion conductivity, flexibility and transparency based on two-dimensional nanoclays of intrinsic conductivity (NICs) was developed for human–machine communication applications.
An intrinsic white-light-emitting hyperbranched polyimide: synthesis, structure–property and its application as a “turn-off” sensor for iron(iii) ions
Authors: Xing An , Miao Xuepei , Liu Tuan , Yang Haoran , Meng Yan , Li Xiaoyu
Published: October 2019

An intrinsic white-light-emitting single-component hyperbranched polyimide has been reported for the first time.
Achieving wideband microwave absorption properties in PVDF nanocomposite foams with an ultra-low MWCNT content by introducing a microcellular structure
Authors: Zhao Biao , Deng Jiushuai , Zhao Chongxiang , Wang Chongda , Chen Yu Guang , Hamidinejad Mahdi , Li Ruosong , Park Chul B.
Published: October 2019

PVDF nanocomposite foams with ultra-low MWCNT content exhibit high-efficiency microwave absorption properties with a light weight, strong and wide-band absorption, and small-thickness properties.
A photo-switchable and photo-tunable microlens based on chiral liquid crystals
Authors: Li Yong , Liu Yanjun , Luo Dan
Published: October 2019

We demonstrate a photo-switchable and photo-tunable microlens based on chiral liquid crystals doped with an azobenzene chiral dopant immersed in water.
Investigation of the association between obesity and insulin-induced gene 1 polymorphism at 7q36.3 region in Uygur population in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Tao Jing , Abudoukelimu Mayila , Shen Xin , Liu Jun , Wang Feng-xia , Yuan Jie , Gu Pei-Pei , Zhu Wei , Zhang Xiao-tian , Wang Zhao , Ma Yi-tong , Li Guo-qing
Published: October 2019

Background: Obesity is a common heritable trait and a major risk factors of chronic and metabolic diseases. Insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) is known to play important roles in cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism. In the present study, our primary objective was to explore whether the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in INSIG1 gene were associated with obesity in Uygur subjects, in Xinjiang, China.

Methods: We designed a case–control study including 516 obese patients and 463 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Three SNPs (rs2721, rs9767875 and rs9719268) were genotyped using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays.

Results: For rs2721, the distribution of genotypes, dominant model (GT + TT vs GG), recessive model (TT vs GT + GG) showed significant differences between obese patients and the controls (P = 0.008, P = 0.005 and P = 0.035, respectively). For rs9719268, the distribution of genotypes showed significant differences between obese patients and the controls (P = 0.004). The dominant model (GT + TT vs GG) of rs2721 and rs9719268 GT genotype remain significantly associated with obesity after adjustment for confounders (OR = 1.393, 95% CI = 1.047–1.853, P = 0.023; OR = 1.631, 95% CI = 1.059–2.512, P = 0.026). The TG levels were significantly higher in rs2721 GT/TT genotypes than that in GG genotypes (P<0.05).

Conclusions: Rs2721 and rs9719268 of INSIG1 gene are associated with obesity in Uygur subjects. Subjects with GT/TT genotype or T allele of rs2721 and GT genotype of rs9719268 were associated with an increased risk of obesity.
How is the acyl chain composition of phosphoinositides created and does it matter?
Authors: Barneda David , Cosulich Sabina , Stephens Len , Hawkins Phillip
Published: October 2019

The phosphoinositide (PIPn) family of signalling phospholipids are central regulators in membrane cell biology. Their varied functions are based on the phosphorylation pattern of their inositol ring, which can be recognized by selective binding domains in their effector proteins and be modified by a series of specific PIPn kinases and phosphatases, which control their interconversion in a spatial and temporal manner. Yet, a unique feature of PIPns remains largely unexplored: their unusually uniform acyl chain composition. Indeed, while most phospholipids present a range of molecular species comprising acyl chains of diverse length and saturation, PIPns in several organisms and tissues show the predominance of a single hydrophobic backbone, which in mammals is composed of arachidonoyl and stearoyl chains. Despite evolution having favoured this specific PIPn configuration, little is known regarding the mechanisms and functions behind it. In this review, we explore the metabolic pathways that could control the acyl chain composition of PIPns as well as the potential roles of this selective enrichment. While our understanding of this phenomenon has been constrained largely by the technical limitations in the methods traditionally employed in the PIPn field, we believe that the latest developments in PIPn analysis should shed light onto this old question.
Multidisciplinary Evaluation and Management of Cortical Deafness and Other Related Central Hearing Impairments
Authors: Dumanch Kelsey A. , Poling Gayla L.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

A summary of literature surrounding cortical hearing impairment (cortical deafness, auditory agnosia, and pure word deafness) was studied to identify causes and prognoses of the disorders, in addition to assessment methods and rehabilitation strategies for the multidisciplinary care team setting.

Method

A comprehensive review of the literature surrounding cortical hearing impairment with a focus on clinical evaluation and management of patients with these conditions was performed.

Results

An extensive literature search resulted in 109 relevant articles discussing cases of cortical hearing impairment.

Conclusions

Cortical deafness continues to be the rarest of the cortical hearing impairment spectrum of disorders, with reports of auditory agnosia and pure word deafness appearing more commonly. In order to assess and manage patients with these conditions, audiologists must utilize a comprehensive set of clinical tools. This information must be combined with results of thorough multidisciplinary evaluations in order to better characterize diagnoses and outcomes for these patients. Continued reporting of case studies and summaries of the literature is encouraged, with a specific call for more consistent assessment and reporting formats.
Warm dust surface chemistry in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Thi W. F. , Hocuk S. , Kamp I. , Woitke P. , Rab Ch. , Cazaux S. , Caselli P. , D’Angelo M.
Published: October 2019

Context.The origin of the reservoirs of water on Earth is debated. The Earth’s crust may contain at least three times more water than the oceans. This crust water is found in the form of phyllosilicates, whose origin probably differs from that of the oceans.

Aims.We test the possibility to form phyllosilicates in protoplanetary disks, which can be the building blocks of terrestrial planets.

Methods.We developed an exploratory rate-based warm surface chemistry model where water from the gas-phase can chemisorb on dust grain surfaces and subsequently diffuse into the silicate cores. We applied the phyllosilicate formation to a zero-dimensional chemical model and to a 2D protoplanetary disk model (PRODIMO). The disk model includes in addition to the cold and warm surface chemistry continuum and line radiative transfer, photoprocesses (photodissociation, photoionisation, and photodesorption), gas-phase cold and warm chemistry including three-body reactions, and detailed thermal balance.

Results.Despite the high energy barrier for water chemisorption on silicate grain surfaces and for diffusion into the core, the chemisorption sites at the surfaces can be occupied by a hydroxyl bond (–OH) at all gas and dust temperatures from 80 to 700 K for a gas density of 2 × 104cm−3. The chemisorption sites in the silicate cores are occupied at temperatures between 250 and 700 K. At higher temperatures thermal desorption of chemisorbed water occurs. The occupation efficiency is only limited by the maximum water uptake of the silicate. The timescales for complete hydration are at most 105yr for 1 mm radius grains at a gas density of 108cm−3.

Conclusions.Phyllosilicates can be formed on dust grains at the dust coagulation stage in protoplanetary disks within 1 Myr. It is however not clear whether the amount of phyllosilicate formed by warm surface chemistry is sufficient compared to that found in Solar System objects.
Geomorphology and Landslide-Prone Area in Cisolok District, Sukabumi Regency
Authors: Alfarabi Mochamad Seandy , Supriatna  , Manessa Masita Dwi Mandini , Rustanto Andry , Ristya Yoanna
Published: October 2019

Sukabumi District located in Southern West Java known as a region that has diverse natural characteristics, however, it is vulnerable to disasters, especially landslides. Moreover, this study focuses on Cisolok District because this region always occurred landslides every year due to topography aspect. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of geomorphology to landslide-prone area in Cisolok District to reduce landslides. This study used overlay analysis for geomorphology mapping, while the Frequency Ratio (FR) method used for landslide-prone area mapping. Several physical variables used in this study such as slope, elevation, lithology, geological structure, road network, stream network, land use, soil type, rainfall, and landslide location. The result shows that the study areas have diverse geomorphology units dominated by volcanic slope with steep topography. While landslide-prone area consist of four classes : namely 17,03% low, 62,05% medium, 14,4% high, and 6,51% very high. Variety of landslide vulnerability in study area influenced by terrain form, land genesis, and geomorphic process.