bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interlingual versus intralingual tendencies in second language acquisition
Authors: Mano Miho , Yoshinari Yuko , Eguchi Kiyoko
Published: May 2019

This is a cross-linguistic experimental study on motion event descriptions. Based on Talmy’s (1991) typology of motion event descriptions, we focus on three different languages, English, Hungarian and Japanese, and examine how second language (L2) learners describe motion events. Comparing the three target L2 adult learner groups with the three native language groups, this study experimentally demonstrates the influence of the L1 patterns on L2 acquisition and the common properties observed in the three learners’ languages, focusing on both spontaneous and causative motion events. The results also clarify that the L2 learners have their own characteristics as learners, regardless of the typological pattern of their L1, indicating the necessity for further study which not only examines L1 influence but also learner strategies.
From global to glocal. Sustainable Community Movement Organisations (SCMOs) in times of crisis
Authors: Forno Francesca , Graziano Paolo
Published: May 2019

The paper is aimed at understanding how collective action has been organised, sustained and transformed in the wake of the 2008 economic crisis by looking at three different Italian cases of Sustainable Community Movement Organisations (SCMOs): the Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale (solidarity-based consumer groups or solidarity purchasing groups – SPGs), Addiopizzo (a relatively new anti-racket organisation which literally means ‘goodbye to protection money’ or ‘pizzo’ solicited by organised crime) and Rimaflow (an Italian factory ‘recovered’ by its workers in 2013). More specifically, the paper aims to discuss whether, how and why Sustainable Community Movement Organisations have grown even in times of crisis. Data for the analysis come from semi-directive interviews with key actors from the three SCMOs, surveys among activists and participant observation. Our findings suggest that pre-existing crises (social and political) have provided a context for new networks of solidarity-based economy to emerge – such as in case of SPGs and Addiopizzo – but the economic crisis has either provided a way to consolidate such experiences (as in the two cases mentioned above) or it has provided an opportunity for new actions to emerge and rapidly consolidate – such as in the case of Rimaflow.
Retargeting of macroH2A following mitosis to cytogenetic-scale heterochromatic domains
Authors: Sato Hanae , Wu Bin , Delahaye Fabien , Singer Robert H. , Greally John M.
Published: May 2019

The heritability of chromatin states through cell division is a potential contributor to the epigenetic maintenance of cellular memory of prior states. The macroH2A histone variant has properties of a regulator of epigenetic cell memory, including roles controlling gene silencing and cell differentiation. Its mechanisms of regional genomic targeting and maintenance through cell division are unknown. Here, we combined in vivo imaging with biochemical and genomic approaches to show that human macroH2A is incorporated into chromatin in the G1 phase of the cell cycle following DNA replication. The newly incorporated macroH2A retargets the same large heterochromatic domains where macroH2A was already enriched in the previous cell cycle. It remains heterotypic, targeting individual nucleosomes that do not already contain a macroH2A molecule. The pattern observed resembles that of a new deposition of centromeric histone variants during the cell cycle, indicating mechanistic similarities for macrodomain-scale regulation of epigenetic properties of the cell.
Linguistic and Civic Refinement in the N’ko Movement of Manding-Speaking West Africa
Authors: Donaldson Coleman
Published: May 2019

“Register” has become an essential tool in analyzing languages as sociocultural artifacts. Used in tandem with the concept of language ideology, scholars have elucidated the central role of linguistic work in defining African language and dialect boundaries as we know them today. The role of such ideas in current activist efforts to remake languages and society, however, remains obscure. Here, I focus on the N’ko movement of West Africa, which promotes a non-Latin-, non-Arabic script invented in 1949 for mother-tongue education. Today, through a language register known as kángbɛ ‘clear language’, N’ko activists are altering conceptions of Manding varieties as distinct entities into a single language spoken by tens of millions across West Africa. Such a shift is in part made possible by the compelling sociohistorical linguistic analysis laid out pedagogically in N’ko grammar books and classrooms. Equally important, however, is kángbɛ as a means to discursively cultivate oneself into a new kind of citizen; one that is savvy, hard-working, and just—the opposite of West African elites, who are seen as failing their people. Register is therefore not just an analytic tool but also a resource for cultivating empowering language ideologies to forge new educational opportunities and societal possibilities.
A dark vector resonance at CLIC *
Authors: Callender Constanza , Zerwekh Alfonso R.
Published: May 2019

One of the main problems in particle physics is to understand the origin and nature of dark matter. An exciting possibility is to consider that dark matter belongs to a new complex but hidden sector. In this paper, we assume the existence of a strongly interacting dark sector consisting of a new scalar doublet and new vector resonances, in accordance with the model recently proposed by our group. Since it was found in the previous work that it is very challenging to find the new vector resonances at the LHC, here we study the possibility of finding them at the future Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) running at

TeV. We consider two distinct scenarios. In the first, when the non-standard scalars are heavy, the dark resonance is intense enough to make its discovery possible at CLIC when the resonance mass is in the range [2000, 3000] GeV. In the second scenario, when the non-standard scalars are light, the new vector boson is too broad to be recognized as a resonance, and is not detectable except when the mass of the scalars is close to (but smaller than) half of the resonance mass and the scale of the dark sector is high. In all positive cases, less than a tenth of the maximum integrated luminosity is needed to reach the discovery level. Finally, we also comment on the mono-

production.
Structure, formation, and decay of

system by Faddeev-AGS calculations
Authors: Marri S. , Kalantari S. Z. , Esmaili J.
Published: May 2019

The Faddeev AGS equations for the coupled-channels

system with quantum numbers I= 1/2 and S= 0 are solved. Using separable potentials for the

interaction, we calculate the transition probability for the

reaction. The possibility to observe the trace of the

quasi-bound state in

mass spectra was studied. Various types of chiral-based and phenomenological potentials are used to describe the

interaction. Finally, we show that we can observe the signature of the

quasi-bound state in the mass spectra, as well as the trace of branch points in the observables.
Constraining symmetry energy at subnormal density by isovector giant dipole resonances of spherical nuclei *
Authors: Su Jun
Published: May 2019

In our previous study, the deduced Langevin equation has been applied to investigate the isoscalar giant monopole resonance. In the current study, the framework is extended to study the isovector giant dipole resonance (IVGDR). The potential well in the IVGDR is calculated by separating the neutron and proton densities based on the Hartree-Fock ground state. Subsequently, the Langevin equation is solved self-consistently, resulting in the centroid energy of the IVGDR without width. The symmetry energy around the density of 0.02 fm−3 contributes the most to the potential well in the IVGDR. By comparison with the updated experimental data of IVGDR energies in spherical nuclei, the calculations within 37 sets of Skyrme functionals suggest the symmetry energy to be in the range of 8.13-9.54 MeV at a density of 0.02 fm−3.
New insights on low energy πN scattering amplitudes: comprehensive analyses at

level *
Authors: Wang Yu-Fei , Yao De-Liang , Zheng Han-Qing
Published: May 2019

A production representation of partial-wave S matrix is utilized to construct low-energy elastic pion-nucleon scattering amplitudes from cuts and poles on complex Riemann sheets. Among them, the contribution of left-hand cuts is estimated using the

results obtained in covariant baryon chiral perturbation theory within the extended-on-nass-shell scheme. By fitting to data on partial-wave phase shifts, it is indicated that the existences of hidden poles in S
11 and P
11 channels, as conjectured in our previous paper [Eur. Phys. J. C, 78(7): 543 (2018)], are firmly established. Specifically, the pole mass of the S
11 hidden resonance is determined to be (895±81)−(164±23)i MeV, whereas, the virtual pole in the P
11 channel locates at (966±18) MeV. It is found that analyses at the

level improves significantly the fit quality, comparing with the previous

one. Quantitative studies with cautious physical discussions are also conducted for the other S- and P-wave channels.
Pseudoscalar meson and baryon octet interaction with strangeness zero in the unitary coupled-channel approximation
Authors: Sun Bao-Xi , Zhao Si-Yu , Wang Xiang-Yu
Published: May 2019

The interaction of the pseudoscalar meson and the baryon octet is investigated by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the unitary coupled-channel approximation. In addition to the Weinberg-Tomozawa term, the contribution of the

and

channel potentials in the S-wave approximation are taken into account. In the sector of isospin

and strangeness

, a pole is detected in a reasonable region of the complex energy plane of

in the center-of-mass frame by analyzing the behavior of the scattering amplitude, which is higher than the

threshold and lies on the third Riemann sheet. Thus, it can be regarded as a resonance state and might correspond to the

particle of the Particle Data Group (PDG) review. The coupling constants of this resonance state to the

,

,

and

channels are calculated, and it is found that this resonance state couples strongly to the hidden strange channels. Apparently, the hidden strange channels play an important role in the generation of resonance states with strangeness zero. The interaction of the pseudoscalar meson and the baryon octet is repulsive in the sector of isospin

and strangeness

, so that no resonance state can be generated dynamically.
Time-crystal ground state and production of gravitational waves from QCD phase transition *
Authors: Addazi Andrea , Marcianò Antonino , Pasechnik Roman
Published: May 2019

We propose a novel mechanism for the production of gravitational waves in the early Universe that originates from the relaxation processes induced by the QCD phase transition. While the energy density of the quark-gluon mean-field is monotonously decaying in real time, its pressure undergoes a series of violent oscillations at the characteristic QCD time scales that generate a primordial multi-peaked gravitational waves signal in the radio frequencies’ domain. The signal is an echo of the QCD phase transition that is accessible by planned measurements at the FAST and SKA telescopes.
Numerical analysis of advection-diffusion problems on 2D general-shaped domains by means of a RBF Collocation Meshless Method
Authors: Zamolo Riccardo , Nobile Enrico
Published: May 2019

A Collocation Meshless Method based on local Radial Basis Function (RBF) interpolation is employed to solve two-dimensional advection-diffusion problems with particular reference to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in their transient form, i.e., unsteady flows, using primitive variables (u, p). A projection scheme is employed to decouple the continuity and momentum equations; particular attention is given to the choice of the required solvers. This approach is applied to the simulation of unsteady flows for two typical test cases, i.e., the lid-driven cavity problem and the flow past a circular cylinder between parallel walls. Numerical results compare very favorably with literature ones, confirming that this approach can be effectively employed in the numerical simulation of unsteady flows on practical geometries where complex node distributions and large number of nodes are required.
Low-order dynamic model of a domestic electric oven Part II: parameter identification and model validation for the static heating mode
Authors: Lucchi Michael , Lorenzini Marco , Roberti Giovanni
Published: May 2019

Appliances are responsible for almost the 25% of the overall environmental impact of buildings, and, among these, electric domestic ovens represent a low-efficiency category when considering flats, with an energy efficiency between 10% and 12%, thus stimulating the development of more efficient technologies. The energy performance of such an appliance is determined through a test according to the EN 60350-1 European standard, which, among others, requires suitable control of the oven centre temperature. Since the development of reliable dynamic models represents a high-potential tool to design better control strategies, the aim of this work is to create a model simulating the transient thermal behaviour during the static, i.e. non-ventilated, heating mode of an electric domestic oven within the cabinet adopted for energy consumption tests; the model must be able to predict the main temperatures within the cavity, with particular attention to the oven centre. A lumped parameter approach based on the thermoelectric analogy was chosen, in order to obtain a low-order dynamic model suitable for control design purposes. Since the model strives to reproduce the transient behaviour of the oven centre temperature, a single lumped parameter simulating the thermal behaviour of the whole oven cavity was unsuitable and a certain level of macroscopic discretization had therefore to be introduced. Thus, the oven cavity was modelled with eight parameters, representing its main parts like the walls, the glass door and the air in the cavity; also, the temperature probe, a Pt500 as is customary for such devices, was included in the model, since this is the only temperature feedback during operation and its presence in the model could lead to an easier implementation of efficient control logics. Three lumped parameters simulating the thermal behaviour of the heaters were also considered, leading to an 11
th
order model.
A Mesoscale-Microscale approach for the energy analysis of buildings
Authors: Montelpare S , D’Alessandro V , Lops C , Costanzo E , Ricci R
Published: May 2019

This work is aimed to suggest a numerical approach able to select the most useful building orientation with respect to the local wind in complex urban areas. It is showed a mesoscale-microscale numerical approach able to predict local flow patterns for building designers. The city of Ancona was selected to analyse wind patterns over complex orography in presence of buildings. The analysed area is characterized by a densely built hilly promontory flanked by a poorly urbanized valley. Two buildings were chosen to carry out energy analyses. At first, the MM5 weather prediction model is used to assess the wind patterns and the wind occurrence distribution. The 2010 year was simulated and compared with real data from a met-mast. After, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analyses are conducted with and without the surrounding buildings to appreciate speed and inflow e˙ects. CFD results showed great changes in the examined building area. The final step was the energy simulation, by means of EnergyPlus, of two multistoried buildings equipped with a double skin façade; results show a great impact on the energy consumption by comparing a wrong orientation with respect to the best solution derived from the mesoscale-microscale approach.
Sustainability assessment and performance evaluation of a Ground Coupled Heat Pump system: coupling a model based on COMSOL Multiphysics and a MATLAB heat pump model
Authors: Alimonti C , Soldo E , Minniti S , Speetjens MFM
Published: May 2019

The present study investigates the sustainable use of a ground coupled heat pump (GCHP). In order to assess the performance of this type of installation, a computer model composed by two parts has been developed. The Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE) model is developed in COMSOL Multiphysics, based on numerical methods. Part of the results are fed to the heat pump energy model, developed in MATLAB. A real case study has been used to validate the model: the Faculty of Engineering of La Sapienza University in Latina, undertaking a renewal project for an abandoned part of the building. After the renovation, the building will host a research center on the topic of low-enthalpy geothermal systems. The analysis have demonstrated that the modelled GCHP system can supply a significant share of the energy required from the future research center. This amount of energy can be provided keeping almost stable the thermal balance of the surrounding region in the subsoil, operating in a sustainable way. The range of variation of the ground temperature with respect to the average value is within the limit of 5°C, which is the cap set by the international legislation.
Comparison of isothermal and isoflux g-functions for borehole-heat-exchanger fields
Authors: Naldi C , Zanchini E
Published: May 2019

A new numerical approach to determine the g-function of a borehole field with the boundary condition of uniform temperature and time-constant mean heat flux at the surface of the boreholes is presented. The method is employed to compare the g-functions obtained by this boundary condition with those obtained by the usual condition of uniform and constant heat flux, for a single borehole and for a field of six boreholes placed in two lines. Boreholes with length 150 m, diameter 15 cm, buried depth 1.5 m and mutual distance 7.5 m, for the field, are considered. The results show that the difference between the two kinds of g-functions is less than 1.5 % for a single borehole, while it reaches 8.7 % for the borehole field, at high values of time. Finally, we show that the superposition of the effects of the single boreholes yields correctly the g-function of the field in the case of uniform heat flux, but overestimates the g-function in the case of uniform temperature and constant mean heat flux.
Ventilated pitched roof with forced ventilation and flow homogenizer device: testing and performance assessment
Authors: Ferrari C , Muscio A
Published: May 2019

Ventilated tile roofs are common objects in the construction sector of Italy. A preferred type is characterized by a ventilated air space between the upper tile layer and the roof structure below. The air enters through openings at the gutters level, flows up below sheathing in the air space along the pitch and is finally discharged through openings along the ridge. This setup, which leaves the room below the roof sealed and habitable, allows removing the heat brought by the absorbed solar radiation thanks to the flow that is established by natural ventilation in the air space. However, its actual performance is often weak and also unpredictable due to continuously changing buoyancy forces. Nonetheless, a permanent and adequate flow can be ensured even through a relatively thin air space and for whichever irradiance and wind conditions by forced ventilation: a properly designed fan can provide the desired flow rate by extracting the air after this is collected along the ridge by a manifold. A thorough design and manufacturing of the manifold is needed, however, to avoid a highly inhomogeneous flow, which would follow the easiest path and leave most of the pitch practically unventilated. As an alternative, a throttling shutter parallel to the ridge has been proposed to progressively choke the flow entering the manifold through parallel climbing ducts as the fan is approached, possibly allowing onsite adjustment after installation. In this work the solution, developed by means of a small scale test bed, is illustrated in details and some methods to assess the performance are presented.
Application of RELAP5/Mod3.3 – Fluent coupling codes to CIRCE-HERO
Authors: Forgione N , Angelucci M , Ulissi C , Martelli D , Barone G , Ciolini R , Tarantino M
Published: May 2019

This paper presents the work ongoing at the DICI (Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale) of the University of Pisa on the application of coupled methodology between Fluent CFD code and RELAP5/Mod3.3 system code. In particular, this methodology was applied to the LBE-water heat exchanger HERO, with the aim to analyse the performances of this component. The test section object of this study is installed inside the vessel S100 of the CIRCE facility, built at ENEA Brasimone Research Centre.

In the proposed methodology the CFD code is adopted to simulate the LBE side of the HERO heat exchanger, whereas the secondary side (two-phase flow, water-vapour) is simulated by the STH code. In this procedure, the variables exchanged between the boundaries of the two codes are: the bulk temperature and heat transfer coefficient of the ascending water (in two-phase flow) obtained from RELAP5 and transferred to Fluent code; the wall temperature at the water side surface of the pipes is calculated by Fluent and passed to RELAP5 code.

The coupling procedure was verified by comparing the obtained results with the analogous ones achieved with the RELAP5 stand-alone calculation, proving that the developed coupling methodology is reliable. Further, the coupled simulation allows to obtain more accurate information on the LBE side.
Relative importance of entrained liquid fraction and mass transfer at the interface on pressure drop of annular flows
Authors: Lillo G , Mastrullo R , Mauro A W , Revellin R
Published: May 2019

Fully developed adiabatic two-phase flows are commonly encountered in practice and their modeling is of primary importance for accurate, local calculations of pressure gradients and void fraction for the design of several industrial applications as heat exchangers and long fluid transfer piping. For large void fractions, the entrainment of liquid droplets into the vapor core can have a large effect on the pressure gradients. In this paper starting from theoretical considerations about the modeling of the pressure gradients in an annular two-phase flow, a numerical analysis as well as a discussion are proposed in order to quantify the relative importance of the entrainment on the calculations and to address further experimental studies and models on this topic.
Onset of convective instability within an inclined porous layer with a permeable boundary
Authors: Celli Michele , Barletta Antonio
Published: May 2019

The investigation of the thresholds that identify the onset of convective instability in a fluid saturated porous layer is performed. The layer is inclined with respect to the horizontal and the boundaries are held at different uniform temperatures. The layer is also semi-permeable: one boundary is impermeable and the other one is permeable. This configuration yields a basic state characterised by a single convective cell, with zero mass flow rate, that fades for small inclination becoming completely motionless for the horizontal case. Since the central part of this cell is considered, the basic flow is parallel and the basic temperature profile is dominated by conduction. This basic state is perturbed employing small-amplitude disturbances such that the linear stability analysis can be performed. A Squire-type transformation is applied to reduce the complexity of the problem. A numerical procedure is employed to obtain the critical values of the governing parameters.
Modified Vlasov Equation and Collective Oscillations of Relativistic Radiating Electron Plasma
Authors: de Parga G. Ares , García-Camacho J. F.
Published: May 2019

A Covariant Statistical Mechanics is developed for a system of electrons within the limits of plasma physics. By using the Landau-Lifshitz equation of motion for point charged particles, the phase space reduces to be a seven dimensional space instead of the ten dimensional space proposed by Hakim and Mangeney [J. Math. Phys. 1968, 9, 1, 116]. A modified Vlasov equation is obtained which permits one to deduce a general expression for the dispersion relations. Unlike other works, neither the Special Relativity nor any of the properties of the gauge are used to discard some of the wave modes. Instead, the continuity equation is used as a constraint embedded in the definition of the 4—vector current. This permits to make a mathematical analysis for calculating and discarding the transverse and longitudinal modes for any temperature. An expression for the longitudinal wave modes is deduced for any temperature and wave number. Usually, certain approximations are made to obtain such an expression that matches our result. But in general, without making such approximations, the result differs by a factor. The Landau damping and the damping due to the radiation reaction force are obtained and contrasted at low and high temperature cases. The results are compared with the ones obtained within Magnetohydrodynamics. Moreover, a numerical method is applied in order to compare the dispersion relations obtained with the approximations made. Surprisingly, it is sampled numerically that the dispersion relations are bounded for each temperature and that there is a cut-off for each wave number.
A non-relativistic magnetized vector boson gas at any temperature
Authors: Suárez-González LC. , Quintero Angulo G. , Pérez Martínez A. , Pérez Rojas H.
Published: May 2019

We study the thermodynamic properties of a neutral vector boson gas in presence of a constant magnetic field, by means of a semi-classical approach that allows to introduce the spin in the non-relativistic spectrum of the bosons. Bose-Einstein condensation is obtained and it turns out to depend on all the parameters involved in the problem: temperature, particle density and magnetic field. A spontaneous magnetization appears at low temperature as a consequence of the condensed state. The axial symmetry imposed in the system by the magnetic field presence, splits the pressure in two components, one along and another perpendicular to the magnetic axis. Under certain conditions, the perpendicular pressure becomes negative signaling that the system undergoes a transversal magnetic collapse. The spontaneous magnetization might be useful to model magnetic field production inside compact stars, while the negative pressures imposes certain limits to the temperatures and densities needed inside these objects to support a given magnetic field.
The Effect of Retardation on Galactic Rotation Curves
Authors: Yahalom Asher
Published: May 2019

Galaxies are huge physical systems having dimensions of many tens of thousands of light years. Thus any change at the galactic center will be noticed at the rim only tens of thousands of years later. Those retardation effects seems to be neglected in present day galactic modelling used to calculate rotational velocities of matter in the rims of the galaxy and surrounding gas. The significant differences between the predictions of Newtonian instantaneous action at a distance and observed velocities are usually explained by either assuming dark matter or by modifying the laws of gravity (MOND). In this paper we will show that taking general relativity seriously without neglecting retardation effects one can explain the radial velocities of galactic matter without postulating dark matter.
Relativistic Beaming as a Probe of Stellar and Planetary Masses
Authors: Placek Ben
Published: May 2019

The primary method of extra-solar planet (exoplanet) detection and characterization is through planetary transits. These events occur when a planet is observed to pass in front of it’s host star with respect to the observers line of sight, which causes a small dimming event. Transits alone yield information on the orbital properties such as period, inclination, semi-major axis as well as physical properties such as the planetary radius. With high-precision photometry, a new photometric effect has emerged as a probe of short-period exoplanet masses. This effect is known as relativistic Doppler beaming (or boosting), and has been used to estimate the masses and densities of numerous exoplanets and stars in binary systems. Here, this effect is discussed in detail along with the prospect of utilizing it with next generation space-based telescopes that will be devoted to the detection and characterization of exoplanets. Prospects for the characterization of binary systems will also be examined.
Gravitation in the surface tension model of spacetime
Authors: Perko H A
Published: May 2019

A mechanical model of spacetime was introduced at a prior conference for describing perturbations of stress, strain, and displacement within a spacetime exhibiting surface tension. In the prior work, equations governing spacetime dynamics described by the model show some similarities to fundamental equations of quantum mechanics. Similarities were identified between the model and equations of Klein-Gordon, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, and Weyl. The introduction did not explain how gravitation arises within the model. In this talk, the model will be summarized, corrected, and extended for comparison with general relativity. An anisotropic elastic tensor is proposed as a constitutive relation between stress energy and curvature instead of the traditional Einstein constant. Such a relation permits spatial geometric terms in the mechanical model to resemble quantum mechanics while temporal terms and the overall structure of tensor equations remain consistent with general relativity. This work is in its infancy; next steps are to show how the anisotropic tensor affects cosmological predictions and to further explore if geometry and quantum mechanics can be related in more than just appearance.
Relative and Absolute Time
Authors: Gill Tepper L.
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we derive a new identity that relates the proper time and the observer time as a contact transformation on configuration space. This leads to a consistent relativistic extension of the special theory to include Newtonian mechanics. The basic conclusions of this paper are:

(i) There always exist two unique inertial frames for any given system of particles: one with a unique speed of light and time relative and one with unique simultaneity and the speed of light relative.

(ii) If the ratio of the total energy of the universe to the total mass energy of the universe is constant, then a unique definition of Newtonian time exists for the universe with zero set at the big bang.

(iii) There are two mathematically consistent representations for the same physical system.

(iv) Data collected from distant objects in the universe does not have a unique physical interpretation.

We also use the isotopic dual of ℝ to provide a basic improvement in the big bang model. This leads to a model with conservation of energy, momentum, angular momentum, charge, a natural arrow for time and a natural explanation for the lack of antimatter in our universe. We predict that protons and antiprotons (respectively electrons and positrons) are gravitationally repulsive.
An Elementary Canonical Classical and Quantum Dynamics for General Relativity
Authors: Horwitz L. P.
Published: May 2019

A consistent canonical classical and quantum dynamics in the framework of special relativity was formulated by Stueckelberg in 1941, and generalized to many body theory by Horwitz and Piron in 1973 (SHP). In this paper, using local coordinate transformations, following the original procedure of Einstein, this theory is embedded into the framework of general relativity (GR) both for potential models (where the potential appears as a spacetime mass distribution with dimension of mass) and for electromagnetism (emerging as a gauge field on the quantum mechanical Hilbert space). The canonical Poisson brackets of the SHP theory remain valid (invariant under local coordinate transformations) on the manifold of GR, and provide the basis, following Dirac’s quantization procedure, for formulating a quantum theory. The theory is developed both for one and many particles.
Solutions in the

(

1
2

,
0

)

⊕

(

0
,

1
2

)

Representation of the Lorentz Group
Authors: Dvoeglazov Valeriy V.
Published: May 2019

I present explicit examples of generalizations in relativistic quantum mechanics. First of all, I discuss the generalized spin-1/2 equations for neutrinos. They have been obtained by means of the Gersten-Sakurai method for derivations of arbitrary-spin relativistic equations. Possible physical consequences are discussed. Next, it is easy to check that both Dirac algebraic equation

Det
(

p
^

−
m
)
=
0

and

Det
(

p
^

+
m
)
=
0

for u— and v— 4-spinors have solutions with

p
0

=
±

E
p

=
±

p
2

+

m
2

. The same is true for higher-spin equations. Meanwhile, every book considers the equality p
0 = Ep
for both u— and v— spinors of the (1/2, 0) ⊕ (0,1/2)) representation only, thus applying the Dirac-Feynman-Stueckelberg procedure for elimination of the negative-energy solutions. The recent work by Ziino (and, independently, the articles of several others) show that the Fock space can be doubled. We re-consider this possibility on the quantum field level for S = 1/2 particles. The third example is: we postulate the non-commutativity of 4-momenta, and we derive the mass splitting in the Dirac equation. Some applications are discussed.
A novel global urban typology framework for sustainable mobility futures
Authors: Oke Jimi B , Aboutaleb Youssef M , Akkinepally Arun , Azevedo Carlos Lima , Han Yafei , Zegras P Christopher , Ferreira Joseph , Ben-Akiva Moshe E
Published: May 2019

Urban mobility significantly contributes to global carbon dioxide emissions. Given the rapid expansion and growth in urban areas, cities thus require innovative policies to ensure efficient and sustainable mobility. Urban typologies can serve as a vehicle for understanding dynamics of cities, which exhibit high variability in form, economic output, mobility behavior, among others. Yet, typologies relevant for sustainable urban mobility analyses are few, outdated and not large enough in scope. In this paper, we present a new typologization spanning 331 cities in 124 countries. Our sample represents 40% of the global urban population and contains the most recent data from 2008 to date. Using a factor analytic and agglomerative clustering approach, we identify 9 urban factors and 12 typologies. We discuss the implications of this new framework for researchers and planners and investigate the relationships between mobility and environmental sustainability indicators. Notably, we show an immediate application of the urban typologies to better understanding travel behavior and also describe their usage for detailed large-scale simulation in representative prototype cities for insights into sustainable future mobility policy pathways. Our data and results are publicly available for further exploration and will serve as a foundation for future analyses toward desirable urban and environmental outcomes.
Shift in seasonal climate patterns likely to impact residential energy consumption in the United States
Authors: Rastogi Deeksha , Holladay James Scott , Evans Katherine J , Preston Ben L , Ashfaq Moetasim
Published: May 2019

We develop a highly-resolved ensemble of climate simulations and empirical relationships between weather and household energy consumption to provide one of the most detailed estimates to date for potential climate-driven changes in the United States residential energy demand under the highest greenhouse gas emissions pathway. Our results indicate that more intense and prolonged warm conditions will drive an increase in electricity demand while a shorter and milder cold season will reduce natural gas demand by the mid 21st century. The environmental conditions that favor more cooling degree days in summer and reduced heating degree days in winter are driven by changes in daily maximum temperatures and daily minimum temperatures in the respective seasons. Our results also indicate that climate-driven change can potentially reverse impacts of a projected decrease in rural population on residential energy demand. These projected changes in climate-driven energy demand have implications for future energy planning and management.
Coupling between the terrestrial carbon and water cycles—a review
Authors: Gentine Pierre , Green Julia K , Guérin Marceau , Humphrey Vincent , Seneviratne Sonia I , Zhang Yao , Zhou Sha
Published: May 2019

The terrestrial carbon and water cycles are strongly coupled. As atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration increases, climate and the coupled hydrologic cycle are modified, thus altering the terrestrial water cycle and the availability of soil moisture necessary for plants’ carbon dioxide uptake. Concomitantly, rising surface carbon dioxide concentrations also modify stomatal (small pores at the leaf surface) regulation as well as biomass, thus altering ecosystem photosynthesis and transpiration rates. Those coupled changes have profound implications for the predictions of the carbon and water cycles. This paper reviews the main mechanisms behind the coupling of the terrestrial water and carbon cycles. We especially focus on the key role of dryness (atmospheric dryness and terrestrial water availability) on carbon uptake, as well as the predicted impact of rising carbon dioxide on the water cycle. Challenges related to this coupling and the necessity to constrain it based on observations are finally discussed.
Sensitivity of grain yields to historical climate variability in India
Authors: Davis Kyle Frankel , Chhatre Ashwini , Rao Narasimha D , Singh Deepti , DeFries Ruth
Published: May 2019

Fluctuations in temperature and precipitation influence crop productivity across the planet. With episodes of extreme climate becoming increasingly frequent, buffering crop production against these stresses is a critical aspect of climate adaptation. In India, where grain production and diets are closely linked, national food supply is sensitive to the effect of climate variability on monsoon grain production. Here we quantitatively examine the historical (1966–2011) relationship between interannual variations in temperature and rainfall and rainfed yield variability for five monsoon crops—rice and four alternative grains (finger millet, maize, pearl millet, and sorghum). Compared to rice, we find that alternative grains are significantly less sensitive to climate variation and generally experience smaller declines in yield under climate extremes. However, maximizing harvested area allocations to coarse grains (i.e. holding maize production constant) reduced grain production by 12.0 Mtonnes (−17.2%) under drought conditions and 12.8 Mtonnes (−18.0%) during non-drought years (non-drought). Increasing the harvested area allocated to all alternative grains (i.e. including maize) can enhance production by +39.6% (drought) and by +37.0% (non-drought). These alternative grains therefore offer promise for reducing variations in Indian grain production in response to climate shocks, but avoiding grain production shortfalls from increased alternative grains will require yield improvements that do not compromise their superior climate resilience.
Detection of The Red Sea Bream Iridovirus (RSIVD) and Quality of Frozen Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) Imported Through the Port of Tanjung Mas Semarang
Authors: Novitasari A D , Desrina  , Agustini T W
Published: May 2019

The imported frozen fish and fishery products can be a carrier of transboundary fish pathogen that subsequently may cause serious threat to the natural fish inhabitants, sustainability of aquaculture, human health and fisheries business in general. One of the transboundary fish diseases is Red Sea Bream Iridovirus Disease (RSIVD) caused by RSIV. The virus has been reported occurred in many countries that has active trading of fish and fisheries product with Indonesia such as Japan Cina, Taipei, Hong Kong, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. In the last four years, whole frozen mackerel (Scomber japonicus) is the most imported fisheries commodity through Tanjung Emas Port. The objective of this study were to detect the presence of RSIV using PCR method according to OIE and quality as food fish for human consumption by examining for Organoleptic test, TPC, E. coli, histamine test, and the presence of parasites Anisakis sp. according to Indonesian national standard (SNI). Fish samples (25 fishes/entries) were obtained by random sampling of 10 importing entries. Results showed that there was no RSIV detected. The results of quality testing include organoleptic test, TPC, E. coli, histamine meet the SNI standard of raw fish quality. Anisakis sp. was found with the prevalence between 12 - 100%. There is one import entry that does not meet the requirements of the minimum value of organoleptic and TPC values so that it does not meet the quality standards of raw materials.
Environmental Study on Phytoplankton in Garang Watershed, Central Java, Indonesia and Its Water Quality
Authors: Ujianti R M D , Anggoro S , Bambang A N , Purwanti F , Androva A
Published: May 2019

Phytoplankton can be used as an indicator for water environment quality in the watershed area. This research was conducted in Garang Watershed, Central Java, Indonesia. The aims of this research are to study the environmental assessment of Garang Watershed Central Java, Indonesia using phytoplankton diversity and their relationship to water quality. Sampling location was determined based on the Governor Regulation of Central Java Provincial No. 156/2010 about the segmentation of Garang Watershed. Plankton Net No.25 was used for collecting phytoplankton in Garang Watershed. Phytoplankton density ranged from 13 to 53 ind/L. The number of species in the range of 4-8. Diversity index in the range 1.07-2.06. The result of diversity index shown that this rivers is lightly polluted. Phytoplankton stabilization was moderate while phytoplankton evenness was spread. Water quality index in this research are: Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia and Fe.
A micro-fabricated in vitro complex neuronal circuit platform
Authors: Kamudzandu M , Köse-Dunn M , Evans M G , Fricker R A , Roach P
Published: May 2019

Developments in micro-manufacture as well as biofabrication technologies are driving our ability to create complex tissue models such as ‘organ-on-a-chip’ devices. The complexity of neural tissue, however, requires precisely specific cellular connectivity across many neuronal populations, and thus there have been limited reports of complex ‘brain-on-a-chip’ technologies modelling specific cellular circuit function. Here we describe the development of a model of in vitro brain circuitry designed to accurately reproduce part of the complex circuitry involved in neurodegenerative diseases; using segregated co-culture of specific basal ganglia (BG) neuronal subtypes to model central nervous system circuitry. Lithographic methods and chemical modification were used to form structured micro-channels, which were populated by specifically cultured neuronal sub-types to represent parts of the inter-communicating neural circuit. Cell morphological assessment and immunostaining showed connectivity, which was supported by electrophysiology measurements. Electrical activity of cells was measured using patch-clamp, showing voltage dependant Na+ and K+ currents, and blocking of Na+ current by TTX, and calcium imaging showing TTX-sensitive slow Ca2+ oscillations resulting from action potentials. Monitoring cells across connected ports post-TTX addition demonstrated both upstream and downstream changes in activity, indicating network connectivity. The model developed herein provides a platform technology that could be used to better understand neurological function and dysfunction, contributing to a growing urgency for better treatments of neurodegenerative disease. We anticipate the use of this advancing technology for the assessment of pharmaceutical and cellular therapies as a means of pre-clinical assessment, and further for the advancement of neural engineering approaches for tissue engineering.
The Prognosis of Stage IA Mixed Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Li Wenhui , Li Lei , Wu Ming , Lang Jinghe , Bi Yalan
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To explore the survival and definition of stage IA mixed endometrial carcinoma.

Methods

From June 1, 2010, to June 1, 2017, cases with stage IA endometrial cancer were included in this study. The survival outcomes were compared among patients with endometrioid (group A), nonendometrioid (group B), and mixed subtypes (group C) and among patients with different proportions of nonendometrioid components (<5%, >50%, and others).

Results

In total, 890 cases were included, comprising 808 (90.8%), 33 (3.7%), and 47 (5.3%) cases in groups A, B, and C, respectively. After a median follow-up of 55.9 months, groups B and C had significantly more inferior disease-free survival, overall survival, and cancer-specific overall survival. Patients with a nonendometrioid proportion of more than 50% and serous subtype also had a significantly more inferior prognosis. Adjuvant therapy could improve the prognosis in mixed endometrial carcinomas.

Conclusions

Patients with endometrial cancer of mixed subtypes had inferior survival outcomes.
Utility of the 5-Minute Apgar Score as a Research Endpoint
Authors: Bovbjerg Marit L , Dissanayake Mekhala V , Cheyney Melissa , Brown Jennifer , Snowden Jonathan M
Published: May 2019

Although Apgar scores are commonly used as proxy outcomes, little evidence exists in support of the most common cutpoints (<7, <4). We used 2 data sets to explore this issue: one contained planned community births from across the United States (n = 52,877; 2012–2016), and the other contained hospital births from California (n = 428,877; 2010). We treated 5-minute Apgars as clinical “tests,” compared against 18 known outcomes; we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for each. We used 3 different criteria to determine optimal cutpoints. Results were very consistent across data sets, outcomes, and all subgroups: The cutpoint that maximizes the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity is universally <9. However, extremely low positive predictive values for all outcomes at <9 indicate more misclassification than is acceptable for research. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (which treat Apgars as quasicontinuous) were generally indicative of adequate discrimination between infants destined to experience poor outcomes and those not; comparing median Apgars between groups might be an analytical alternative to dichotomizing. Nonetheless, because Apgar scores are not clearly on any causal pathway of interest, we discourage researchers from using them unless the motivation for doing so is clear.