bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A co-delivery nanoplatform for a lignan-derived compound and perfluorocarbon tuning IL-25 secretion and the oxygen level in tumor microenvironments for meliorative tumor radiotherapy
Authors: Duan Zhenyu , Luo Qiang , Gu Lei , Li Xiaoling , Zhu Hongyan , Gu Zhongwei , Gong Qiyong , Zhang Hu , Luo Kui
Published: July 2021

A co-delivery nanoplatform for a lignan-derived compound and perfluorocarbon was reported to increase the oxygen level and IL-25 secretion, providing a new strategy of manipulating the tumor microenvironment to improve the radiotherapeutics.
Orthographic Facilitation of Oral Vocabulary Acquisition in Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Salins Andrea , Leigh Greg , Cupples Linda , Castles Anne
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Learning spoken words can be challenging for children with hearing loss who communicate orally and who are known to have weaker oral vocabulary skills than age-matched children who hear. Since vocabulary skills play a crucial role in reading and literacy acquisition, and academic success, it is important to identify effective vocabulary acquisition strategies for children with hearing loss. The aim of this study was to examine whether the incidental presence of orthography can facilitate oral vocabulary learning in children with hearing loss and whether the benefits are greater than those found in hearing children.

Method

We taught novel picture–word pairs with or without spellings to 23 children with hearing loss and 23 age-matched controls, ranging in age from 6 to 12 years. Word learning was assessed using behavioral and eye tracking data from picture naming and picture–word matching tasks.

Results and Conclusions

Results revealed an orthographic facilitation effect on oral vocabulary learning in children with hearing loss, with benefits being maintained over a week. Importantly, children with hearing loss showed a greater benefit of orthography than age-matched hearing peers on the picture naming tests. The results of this study have important implications for classroom instruction and vocabulary instruction strategies for children with hearing loss.
Effect of Hearing Aid Technology Level and Individual Characteristics on Listener Outcome Measures
Authors: Plyler Patrick N. , Hausladen Jennifer , Capps Micaela , Cox Mary Alice
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of hearing aid technology level on listener outcome measures. In addition, we aimed to determine if individual characteristics such as noise acceptance and the demands of the listening environment impacted performance and preference.

Method

A repeated-measures, single-blinded research design was utilized. Twenty-four adults recruited by mail from The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Audiology Clinic participated in this experiment (15 men and nine women). Participants completed two 2-week trial periods using Unitron T Moxi Fit FLEX:TRIAL devices programmed as basic or premium technology levels. A data-logging feature, Log It All (LIA), quantified the demands of the listening environment. At the end of each trial, outcome measures were obtained using Pascoe's High-Frequency Word List, the Hearing in Noise Test, the Quick Speech-in-Noise Test, the Acceptable Noise Level (ANL), the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing short form, satisfaction ratings, and preference.

Results

Results for ANL, satisfaction in large groups, and LIA total coverage were significantly improved for the premium devices. Participants who preferred the premium devices received significant improvement with premium devices on the ANL and the speech in small group and speech in large group satisfaction ratings, whereas participants who preferred the basic devices did not receive significant improvement with premium devices on any outcome measure. Participants in more demanding listening environments received significant improvement with premium devices on the ANL, whereas participants in less demanding listening environments did not receive significant improvement with premium devices on any outcome measure.

Conclusions

Group data revealed similar outcomes between technology levels on most measures; however, noise acceptance and satisfaction for speech in a large group were significantly improved when using the premium devices. Individual characteristics such as noise acceptance and listening demands may be useful when comparing hearing aid technology levels for a given patient.
Dynamic coordinated control strategy of autonomous vehicles during emergency braking under split friction conditions
Authors: Abi Lanie , Jin Dafeng , Zheng Sheng , Lu Zhenghong , Yu Liangyao
Published: July 2021

In case of emergency braking in danger, autonomous vehicle usually uses electronic stability control system to maintain the dynamic stability of the vehicle, and by adjusting the steering system, the vehicle can realize autonomous driving. However, when the autonomous vehicle is in emergency braking on the split‐mu road, due to the inconsistent adhesion coefficient on both sides of the road, the inconsistency of tire force will not only damage the dynamic stability, but also make the vehicle deviate from the planned trajectory. Because the path tracking algorithm of autonomous vehicle needs to detect the trajectory error first, it will lead to the time delay of trajectory error correction, and its correction ability will weaken with the decrease of speed, so that the vehicle's trajectory will deviate unilaterally. Thus, the tracking accuracy is reduced and the driving safety is endangered. This paper proposes a dynamic coordinated control strategy based on dynamics and kinematics. In response to the rapid changes in lateral disturbances, a flexible control transfer mechanism based on vehicle status is constructed, realize dynamic coordinated control based on path tracking algorithm and active steering algorithm. While improving the lateral stability, the trajectory error is reduced.
Polarimetric signature of the oceans as detected by near-infrared Earthshine observations
Authors: Takahashi J. , Itoh Y. , Matsuo T. , Oasa Y. , Bach Y. P. , Ishiguro M.
Published: July 2021

Context.The discovery of an extrasolar planet with an ocean has crucial importance in the search for life beyond Earth. The polarimetric detection of specularly reflected light from a smooth liquid surface is anticipated theoretically, though the polarimetric signature of Earth’s oceans has not yet been conclusively detected in disk-integrated planetary light.

Aims.We aim to detect and measure the polarimetric signature of the Earth’s oceans.

Methods.We conducted near-infrared polarimetry for lunar Earthshine and collected data on 32 nights with a variety of ocean fractions in the Earthshine-contributing region.

Results.A clear positive correlation was revealed between the polarization degree and ocean fraction. We found hourly variations in polarization in accordance with rotational transition of the ocean fraction. The ratios of the variation to the typical polarization degree were as large as ~0.2–1.4.

Conclusions.Our observations provide plausible evidence of the polarimetric signature attributed to Earth’s oceans. Near-infrared polarimetry may be considered a prospective technique in the search for exoplanetary oceans.
Observations of whistler mode waves by Solar Orbiter’s RPW Low Frequency Receiver (LFR): In-flight performance and first results
Authors: Chust T. , Kretzschmar M. , Graham D. B. , Le Contel O. , Retinò A. , Alexandrova A. , Berthomier M. , Hadid L. Z. , Sahraoui F. , Jeandet A. , Leroy P. , Pellion J.-C. , Bouzid V. , Katra B. , Piberne R. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Vaivads A. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Souček J. , Santolík O. , Lorfèvre E. , Plettemeier D. , Steller M. , Štverák Š. , Trávníček P. , Vecchio A. , Maksimovic M. , Bale S. D. , Horbury T. S. , O’Brien H. , Evans V. , Angelini V.
Published: July 2021

Context.The Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument is one of the four in situ instruments of the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission, which was successfully launched on February 10, 2020. The Low Frequency Receiver (LFR) is one of its subsystems, designed to characterize the low frequency electric (quasi-DC – 10 kHz) and magnetic (∼1 Hz–10 kHz) fields that develop, propagate, interact, and dissipate in the solar wind plasma. Combined with observations of the particles and the DC magnetic field, LFR measurements will help to improve the understanding of the heating and acceleration processes at work during solar wind expansion.

Aims.The capability of LFR to observe and analyze a variety of low frequency plasma waves can be demontrated by taking advantage of whistler mode wave observations made just after the near-Earth commissioning phase of Solar Orbiter. In particular, this is related to its capability of measuring the wave normal vector, the phase velocity, and the Poynting vector for determining the propagation characteristics of the waves.

Methods.Several case studies of whistler mode waves are presented, using all possible LFR onboard digital processing products, waveforms, spectral matrices, and basic wave parameters.

Results.Here, we show that whistler mode waves can be very properly identified and characterized, along with their Doppler-shifted frequency, based on the waveform capture as well as on the LFR onboard spectral analysis.

Conclusions.Despite the fact that calibrations of the electric and magnetic data still require some improvement, these first whistler observations show a good overall consistency between the RPW LFR data, indicating that many science results on these waves, as well as on other plasma waves, can be obtained by Solar Orbiter in the solar wind.
Seismology of Altair with MOST
Authors: Le Dizès Cécile , Rieutord Michel , Charpinet Stéphane
Published: July 2021

Context. Altair is the fastest rotating star at less than 10 parsecs from the Sun. Its precise modelling is a landmark for our understanding of stellar evolution with fast rotation, and all observational constraints are most welcome to better determine the fundamental parameters of this star.

Aims. We wish to improve the seismic spectrum of Altair and confirm the δ-Scuti nature of this star.

Methods. We used the photometric data collected by the Microvariability and Oscillations of STars (MOST) satellite in the form of a series of Fabry images to derive Altair light curves at four epochs, namely in 2007, 2011, 2012, and 2013.

Results. We first confirm the presence of δ-Scuti oscillations in the light curves of Altair. We extend the precision of some eigenfrequencies and add new ones to the spectrum of Altair, which now has 15 detected eigenmodes. The rotation period, which is expected at ∼7h46min from models reproducing interferometric data, seems to appear in the 2012 data set, but it still needs confirmation. Finally, Altair modal oscillations show noticeable amplitude variations on a timescale of 10–15 days, which may be the signature of a coupling between oscillations and thermal convection in the layer where the kappa-mechanism is operating.

Conclusions. The Altair oscillation spectrum does not contain a large number of excited eigenmodes, which is similar to the fast rotating star HD220811. This supports the idea that fast rotation hinders the excitation of eigenmodes as already pointed out by theoretical investigations.
The Venus Express observation of Venus’ induced magnetosphere boundary at solar maximum
Authors: Xu Q. , Xu X. , Zhang T. L. , Rong Z. J. , Wang M. , Wang J. , Ye Y. , Zhou Z. , Chang Q. , Xu J. , Wang X. , Luo L.
Published: July 2021

The Venusian plasma environment is divided into two distinct regions by the induced magnetosphere boundary (IMB): the domain of solar wind protons and the domain of local planetary ions. Previous studies on the identification of the IMB gave various IMB definitions. Here we study the well-structured Venusian IMB with a sudden magnetic field rotation and a sharp magnetosheath plasma decrease using Venus Express observations. We statistically investigate the location of such well-structured IMB and give an average location of the IMB at solar maximum. The solar activity and solar wind controls of the Venusian IMB location is also studied in this work. Our results show that the dayside Venusian IMB distance increases with solar activity, but it decreases with increasing solar wind dynamic pressure and interplanetary magnetic field cone angle. The behaviors of the IMB under these conditions are similar to those of the ionopause, indicating that the distance of the Venusian IMB is much correlated with the scale of the ionosphere. We suggest that the variation of the IMB is partially contributed to by the variation of the ionopause, whose altitude is determined by the pressure balance between ionospheric thermal pressure and external magnetic pressure.
Analysis of the influence of non-sinusoidal and unbalanced network modes on induction motors
Authors: Van Cuong Ngo , Kovernikova Lidiia I.
Published: July 2021

The parameters of electrical network modes do not correspond the requirements GOST 32144-2013 of Russian and the National technical regulation of Vietnam. In real operating conditions in electrical networks in non-sinusoidal and unbalanced modes there are harmonic components of voltages and currents as well as voltages and currents of negative sequence. They cause additional losses of active power, which leads to additional heating and causes premature aging of the insulation, and as the result, the reduction in the service life of induction motors. Currently, we see that the process of formation of intelligent electrical power systems is underway. Systems for continuous monitoring of power quality indices and parameters of electrical systems modes are being developed. These systems can be supplemented with programs for calculating characteristics that issue the warning when the unfavorable influence of the parameters of non-sinusoidal and unbalanced modes is detected on various electrical equipment of both electrical power systems and consumers of electrical energy. The paper provides an overview of the characteristics used to analyze, assess and predict the influence of poor power quality associated with non-sinusoidal and unbalanced of currents and voltages on induction motors. A computer program was developed to calculate these characteristics. The program was used to study the influence of non-sinusoidal and unbalanced modes on the induction motors of the coal sorting plant of the Vietnamese company “Cua Ong-Vinacomin”.
The methodology for choosing solutions by developing an optimal topology of power supply system
Authors: Svezhentseva Olga , Umnova Marina
Published: July 2021

The development of the optimal topology of power supply systems for various purposes is an intractable problem that cannot be formalized as a single task. This problem can be considered as a complex of tasks having a hierarchical structure – the hierarchy is present both at the functional and at the territorial levels. The main typical tasks arising in the process of developing of the optimal topology of the power supply system in a city microdistrict are highlighted, a formal statement of tasks is given, methods for their solution are proposed and demonstrated. Approaches to solving typical problems are built on the theory of combinatorial analysis, methods of heuristic modeling, genetic programming, methods for solving optimization problems on graphs.
Efficiency of zero emission cycles on the basis of their configuration
Authors: Shchinnikov Pavel , Borush Olesya , Frantseva Alina , Sadkin Ivan
Published: July 2021

In this work, a study of the efficiency of carbon dioxide energy cycles of different architecture is carried out. The relevance of these technical solutions in modern conditions is shown. Basic options of zero emission thermodynamic cycles using CO2 as an cycle fluid are presented. It is shown that the efficiency of the analyzed CO2-cycles with an initial temperature of 1000 °C will be 54-58%, depending on their configuration. It is presented that the efficiency can be increased up to 65% with an initial temperature increase up to 1500 °C.
Estimating the cost of heat generation and consumption in district heating systems
Authors: Khamisov Oleg , Penkovskii Andrey , Kravets Angelica
Published: July 2021

The pricing of thermal energy is an important component of the efficient operation of the heat supply system. The article deals with the calculation of the cost of heat for consumers and producers of heat as based on the optimization problem of operation modes of the heat supply system with its further reduction to the conditions of optimality. The latter is to be achieved on the basis of the Lagrange function, with undetermined Lagrange multipliers obtained in the calculation process to be interpreted as nodal (marginal) prices of heat. This approach allows one to determine the pricing at each node. Based on the calculation of nodal prices of heat we determine the cost of heat transportation. Backed by the methodological tools developed, we have performed a demonstration of the calculation of nodal prices of heat and developed an algorithm for calculation of nodal prices of heat generation and consumption and overall technical and economic performance indicators of the heat supply system.
Research long-term fluctuations in winter temperatures. Methods for analyzing the intensities and synchronicities of fluctuations in fuel consumption
Authors: Khazheev Ivan
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the problem of assessing the deviations of the meteorological characteristics of the heating season. The usual method of calculating the relative deviations of indicators from the arithmetic mean is not suitable. A requirement is imposed on the “new” averages and estimates of deviations of meteorological characteristics, which follows from their properties: the duration multiplied by the average daily temperature difference for the heating period should be equal to the integral temperature difference. The application of this property to the means and to the very estimates of the deviations of meteorological characteristics makes it difficult to determine the latter. A method is being developed to determine the intensities of fluctuations in the meteorological characteristics of the heating season. Intensities show how much, on average, the duration, average daily and integral temperature differences for the heating period can deviate from the average expected level. A technique is being developed for reflecting synchronous and asynchronous fluctuations in deviations of meteorological characteristics, and the contributions of these fluctuations are determined.
Increasing Storage Battery Lifetime in Autonomous Photovoltaic Systems with Power Generation Structure Varying Throughout the Year
Authors: Karamov Dmitriy N. , Muftahov Ildar R. , Zhukov Alexey V.
Published: July 2021

This paper substantiates the use of photovoltaic systems with power generation structure varying throughout the year. This research topic emerged from an in-depth analysis of the operating modes of autonomous photovoltaic systems located in Siberia and the Russian Far East. The paper gives a detailed and concise description of a methodology for modelling such a system with account of issues relating to the operational sustainability of diesel and solar power stations in autumn and winter. In spring and summer, autonomous photovoltaic systems operate using the standard power accumulation algorithm whereas the diesel power station serves as a stand-by power source thereby increasing the lifetime of storage batteries, reducing the number of their replacements and cutting down costs through discounting. The overall levelized cost of energy drops off significantly too. The paper presents the results of modelling an actual autonomous energy system in which a solar power station equipped with storage batteries is planned to be constructed in the near future. The modelling results revealed that using a structure varying throughout the year increases storage battery lifetime from 6 to 11 years, and there is only one (instead of three) replacement throughout the life of the batteries. The obtained results have been taken into consideration and are to be put into practice in setting up the photovoltaic system under review. The presented approach is versatile and can be used to analyze various photovoltaic systems.
Computational parametric study on efficiency of low boiling point fluid plants under heat exchange process intensification
Authors: Likhaeva Alena , Grigoriev Sergey , Trushin Evgeniy , Dasaev Marat
Published: July 2021

One of the main challenges for the energy industry is to improve the reliability and efficiency of heat exchange equipment in heating plants. Phase-change heat exchangers with low boiling point fluid (LBPF) are widely used in both conventional and renewable energy. The main objectives of increasing the efficiency of heat exchange equipment are to reduce the weight and dimensions, to increase the amount of heat transferred and to reduce the electricity consumption spent on pumping the heat transfer agent. These objectives are achieved by implementing various methods of heat exchange intensification in heat exchange equipment. A key aspect concerning application of various types of heat exchange intensifiers in heat exchange equipment is evaluation of possibility to increase their design efficiency. The paper presents the results of a computational parametric study of changes in efficiency of some LBPF-based plants when intensifying heat exchange processes by modifying functional surfaces of heat exchangers by laser ablation.
Application of equivalent thermal circuits for calculation of thermal processes of induction cruel furnaces with a capacity of up to 1000 kg
Authors: Po’latov Abror , Mamadaliyev Begali , Mo’minov Humoyun
Published: July 2021

The article describes new approaches to calculating the thermal regimes of induction crucible furnaces, as well as methods for calculating them using converted thermal circuits. The principles of constructing thermal models of structural parts and molten metal of induction crucible furnaces based on converted ETS and their use for the development of optimal systems for automatic control of the metal melting process are considered. The methodology for the development of ETS and the compilation of heat balance equations for induction crucible furnaces with a capacity of up to 1000 kg is presented..
Analytical mathematical model of the pumping unit of machine water lifting systems
Authors: Abidov K. G. , Zaripova Sh.O. , Khamudkhanova N.B. , Dusmukhamedova S.A. , Gafurova M.O. , Baratov H.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the formation of a mathematical model of a pumping unit of a machine water lifting system to ensure energy-saving modes of operation as a criterion for assessing the effectiveness of its operation, it is necessary to take the minimum specific consumption of electrical energy for water supply with appropriate restrictions imposed on the conditions of its operation.
Prospects and development of electricity supply in the city of Tashkent
Authors: Saidxodjayev A G , Vanin V K , Alibekova T Sh , Turdiyev U M , Toshpulatov N. A.
Published: July 2021

The problems of Electricity Supply of Tashkent for further perspectives are being under consideration. The most exact scheme of electricity supply is taken. The Electricity Supply of the city in recommended.
New solutions for controlled compensating devices
Authors: Karimov Raxmatillo Ch. , Egamov Akmal , Dzhuraev Shokhin Dzh. , Uzakov Bakhadir
Published: July 2021

The article presents material, which is based on the results of the analysis of literature sources on automatic devices for regulating reactive power in power supply systems. In addition, this article provides information regarding the operability of the developed circuits of contactless devices and verification of the experimental study of the operation of installations with their use. Also presented is material about an experimental study of a contactless switching device for automatic power control of capacitor banks in various operating modes. A measuring device with programmed control “Fluke” was used to record and process experimental data of non-contact devices for regulating the power of capacitor banks. The results of experimental studies of a new device for automatic power control of capacitor banks, it can be stated that it fully meets the requirements.
Use of piezoelement in ultrasound generation
Authors: Sultanova Shakhnoza , Safarov Jasur , Usenov Azamat , Samatova Kamola
Published: July 2021

At present, ultrasonic (piezoelectric) transducers are the most promising electromechanical transducers for use in miniature electronic devices. However, the calculation of the piezoelectric element for an ultrasonic environment poses certain problems due to the large number of problems to be solved and its nonlinearity. The article describes the principles of operation of the piezoelectric element, analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, gives the characteristics of the piezoelectric elements, as well as proposes an algorithm for calculating the frequency characteristics of the piezoelectric element based on the electrical model of the piezoelectric element.
Changes in the role of digital services in retail in the context of a crisis
Authors: Usova Natalia , Loginov Mikhail , Drevalev Andrei
Published: July 2021

The article studies the transformation of the role of digital services in the retail trade in the context of the economic crisis that started in 2020. The subject of the research is digitalization of retail trade services. The study aims to identify the trends in the retail digital services development in the context of the economic crisis as well as to identify the priorities of their development in the near future. Research methods used in the scope of the study include the following ones: retrospective analysis, comparison, grouping, and synthesis. The main results of the study:

The authors explore specific features of digitalization of services in the retail trade in the national market.

The study identifies the market development trends of the retail digital services in the context of a crisis.

The authors propose measures aiming digital transformation of the national market of retail trade services in the face of the current situation in the national economy.

The obtained results constitute the scientific novelty of the study as the authors identify the market trends and propose specific activities to ensure development of digital services in retail in the context of a crisis in the national economy.
Evaluation of the Digitalization Development level in the Latin-American Economy
Authors: Galvez Diana Pamela Chavarry , Galvez Wilmer Paul Chavarry
Published: July 2021

Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries have experienced an economic slowdown in the last five years, to accelerate economic growth, LAC countries need to find new instruments to transform the economy. digitalization in all sectors of the economy gives a boost to the country’s economic growth. Digital tools also promote access to better services, such as education, government management and the foreign trade sector. The article analyzes the current state of the digitalization of the economy in LAC. To determine the digitalization of the economy, only indicators found in official sources were included.
Psychosomatically Oriented Diagnostics and Therapy for Fertility Disorders. Guideline of the DGPFG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry Number 016/003, December 2019)
Authors: Wischmann Tewes , Borkenhagen Ada , David Matthias , Dorn Almut , Dorn Christoph , Gagsteiger Friedrich , Goeckenjan Maren , Ludwig Annika , Meier-Credner Anne , Röhrig Michelle , Rothe-Kirchberger Ingrid , Schick Maren , Siegel Stefan , Tandler-Schneider Andreas , Thorn Petra , Weblus Anna Julka , Kentenich Heribert
Published: July 2021

Aim The purpose of this official guideline published and coordinated by the German Society for Psychosomatic Gynecology and Obstetrics [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychosomatische Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe (DGPFG)] is to provide a consensus-based overview of psychosomatically oriented diagnostic procedures and treatments for fertility disorders by evaluating the relevant literature.

Method This S2k guideline was developed using a structured consensus process which included representative members of various professions; the guideline was commissioned by the DGPFG and is based on the 2014 version of the guideline.

Recommendations The guideline provides recommendations on psychosomatically oriented diagnostic procedures and treatments for fertility disorders.
Prenatal and Obstetric Parameters of Late Terminations: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Dathan-Stumpf Anne , Kern Julia , Faber Renaldo , Stepan Holger
Published: July 2021

Background In Germany, the highly sensitive issue of late terminations of pregnancy and feticide is regulated in Sec. 218a para. 2 of the German Penal Code (medical indication). This study aimed to investigate the prenatal obstetric approach after feticide and the rate of maternal complications.

Material and Methods All feticides of singleton pregnancies carried out at Leipzig University Hospital (n = 164) in the period between 01/2016 and 12/2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Selective feticides of multiple pregnancies were excluded from the study. Target indicators for the prenatal obstetric approach were sonographic accuracy of estimation, method used to induce feticide, time between feticide and delivery, and whether curettage was required. The rate of maternal complications was defined as blood loss of ≥ 500 ml.

Results The number of feticides as a percentage of the total number of births during the investigation period was 1.6%. None of the terminations were performed primarily because of a serious risk to the motherʼs physical health; all of the indications to terminate the pregnancy were based on the psychosocial burden and the risk to the motherʼs mental health as outlined in Sec. 218a StGB (German Penal Code). The most common fetal diagnoses in the context of a maternal psychosocial emergency were central nervous system abnormalities (29.3%), numerical chromosomal aberrations (29.3%) and structural chromosomal aberrations/syndromes (21.3%). Sonographic measurements were used to estimate fetal weight and the weight of around half of the fetuses was underestimated (− 121.8 ± 155.8 g). The margin of estimation error increased with increasing gestational age (p < 0.001). Misoprostol was the most common drug administered to induce labor. No significant association was
found between the method chosen for induction, parity, fetal birth position, fetal anomaly, fetal gender, birth mode or the number of previous cesarean sections and Δdelivery. However, a significantly higher loss of blood was observed with longer Δdelivery (p = 0.02). The likelihood of requiring curettage increased with increasing loss of blood. The number of maternal complications as a percentage of the total patient population was 10.4%. Only 11% of patients agreed to a postmortem examination.

Conclusion Late terminations of pregnancy carried out in accordance with Sec. 218a para. 2 StGB are a reality and must be understood and accepted as a possible consequence of modern prenatal medicine. The complication rate after feticide and the subsequent obstetric procedure was 10% for the above-defined maternal complication. Late terminations and their obstetric management should be carried out in specialized perinatal centers which offer interprofessional expertise.
„Gewichtige Anhaltspunkte“ bei Verdacht auf Kindesmisshandlung – eine Befragung in Deutschland tätiger Ärzte und Psychotherapeuten
Authors: Berthold Oliver , Jud Andreas , Jarczok Marion , Heimann Tobias , Fegert Jörg , Clemens Vera
Published: July 2021

Hintergrund Es gibt Hinweise, dass Fachkräfte im Gesundheitswesen unsicher in Bezug auf die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen sind, wenn sie in Kontakt mit Kindern kommen, bei denen der Verdacht auf eine Kindeswohlgefährdung aufgekommen ist. Hieraus könnte sich ein inkonsistenter Umgang mit derartigen Fällen ergeben, der im schlimmsten Fall zu einer weiteren Gefährdung betroffener Kinder führt. Mit der vorliegenden Studie sollte eine empirische Grundlage geschaffen werden, um die Kenntnis des Rechtsrahmens bei Fachkräften im Gesundheitswesen zu untersuchen.

Methoden Es erfolgte eine Befragung in Deutschland tätiger Kinder- und Jugendmediziner, Kinderchirurgen, Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatern sowie psychologischer und Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeuten zur Kenntnis der Rahmenbedingungen.

Ergebnisse In allen Berufsgruppen fühlt sich eine Mehrzahl der Befragten unsicher in der Anwendung des Rechtsrahmens im Alltag. Nur eine Minderheit kann die rechtlichen Regelungen des Bundeskinderschutzgesetzes korrekt wiedergeben. Erfahrung mit Kinderschutzfällen verdoppelte die Wahrscheinlichkeit, den Rechtsrahmen korrekt wiederzugeben. Der Besuch von Fortbildungen zeigte hingegen keinen Einfluss.

Schlussfolgerung Die Kenntnisse zum rechtlichen Rahmen bei Kindswohlgefährdung sind gering. Es gilt, insbesondere für Fachkräfte mit geringer Erfahrung in Kinderschutzfällen, die Weiterbildung zu verbessern und niedrigschwellige Angebote zur Beratung anzubieten.
Untersuchungen zur „Wirkung“ von Selbsterfahrung in
der Psychotherapieausbildung – Ein systematisches
Review
Authors: Strauß Bernhard , Taeger Dolinda
Published: July 2021

Hintergrund Der Nutzen von Selbsterfahrung bzw. eigener Psychotherapie als
Bestandteil der Psychotherapieausbildung wird immer wieder hinterfragt. Im
deutschen System wird Selbsterfahrung sowohl in der psychosozialen
ärztlichen Weiterbildung wie auch im Kontext des Psychotherapiestudiums
und der nachfolgenden Weiterbildung weiterhin ein zentraler Bestandteil der
Weiterbildung bleiben.

Ziel der Arbeit Erstellung einer Übersicht über Wirkungen
von Selbsterfahrung in der Psychotherapieausbildung.

Material und Methode Systematisches Literaturreview von Studien zwischen
2005 und 2020. Literatursammlung über Datenbanken, Vorabrecherche und
Durchsicht von Literaturverzeichnissen thematisch verwandter Arbeiten. Auswahl
anhand vorab festgelegter Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien.

Ergebnisse 13 Studien wurden ausgewählt. Die relevanten Befunde
wurden studienübergreifend zu 7 Ergebnisvariablen zusammengefasst. Es
zeigen sich überwiegend positive Wirkungen von Selbsterfahrung im
Hinblick auf interpersonale Fähigkeiten, Selbstwahrnehmung, das Wissen
und Verständnis therapeutischer Arbeit, Wohlbefinden und Entlastung.
Zufriedenheit und die Anerkennung der subjektiven Bedeutung für den
Kompetenzerwerb sind ausgeprägter als Berichte über intensive
Emotionen und Belastungen.

Schlussfolgerung Selbsterfahrung weist offenbar einen hohen Wert
für die berufliche Entwicklung angehender Therapeuten auf und sollte
daher auch ein fester Ausbildungsbestandteil sein. Eine
regelmäßige Evaluation ist allerdings zu empfehlen. In
zukünftiger Forschung sollten neben den bisher vorherrschenden
Selbstberichtsverfahren vermehrt auch objektive Erhebungsmethoden verwendet, die
Repräsentativität der Stichproben gesteigert und Langzeiteffekte
untersucht werden.
Vergleich von Schaumstoffbandagen mit Standard-Unterpolsterung in der Komplexen Physikalischen Entstauungstherapie der Phase I des sekundären Armlymphödems – eine prospektive RCT
Authors: Kornappel Simone , Liebl Max Emanuel , Stroux Andrea , Glöckner Frauke , Reißhauer Anett
Published: July 2021

Hintergrund In der Entstauungsphase der Komplexen Physikalischen Entstauungstherapie des Lymphödems (KPE Phase I) werden verschiedene Untermaterialien eingesetzt, um die Anlage der Kurzzugbinden zu stabilisieren und die Haut zu schützen. Eine neuartige Form der Unterpolsterung bieten mit Baumwolle umnähte Schaumstoffbandagen. Deren Therapieeffekte sind jedoch bislang nicht untersucht.

Material und Methoden Prospektive, randomisierte Nichtunterlegenheitsstudie an Proband/innen mit sekundärem Armlymphödem. Die Kontrollgruppe erhielt eine KPE Phase I mit Standardtherapie (Unterpolsterung aus Schlauchverband und Wattebinde), die Interventionsgruppe erhielt die KPE Phase I mit Schaumstoffbandagen (SC). Primärer Endpunkt war das optoelektronisch gemessene Volumen. Zudem wurde die Umfangsreduktion ermittelt und die Patientenperspektive erfragt.

Ergebnisse n=30 Proband/innen konnten analysiert werden. SC zeigten einen signifikant größeren Effekt in der Volumenreduktion (p=0,026; 95% Kl [−207,9;+7,4]). Bei apriori definiertem Äquivalenzbereich von±50 ml sind SC der Referenztherapie nicht unterlegen. Die Patienten bewerteten die Abnahme des Spannungsgefühls sowie den Tragekomfort bei SC signifikant besser (p=0,026 sowie p=0,003).

Schlussfolgerung Schaumstoffbandagen sind Standardpolstermaterial nicht unterlegen. Sie können in der Entstauungsphase von Lymphödemen als alternatives Unterpolsterungsmaterial eingesetzt werden. Die Daten liefern Hinweise darauf, dass sie die Reduktion des Ödemvolumens im Vergleich mit bislang verwendeten Untermaterialien verbessern können und das Spannungsgefühl durch sie deutlicher reduziert werden kann.
The New Way to Exercise? Evaluating an Innovative Heart-rate-controlled Exergame
Authors: Ketelhut Sascha , Röglin Lisa , Kircher Eva , Martin-Niedecken AnnaLisa , Ketelhut Reinhard , Hottenrott Kuno , Ketelhut Kerstin
Published: July 2021

Exergames may offer novel opportunities to expand physical activity. Most games, however, only result in low to moderate-intensity activities that are too low to allow relevant physical adjustments. In the present study, the exercise intensity of a new, heart rate controlled, functional fitness game was assessed. 28 subjects (aged 24.8±3.8 yrs; 46% female; BMI 23.2±2.3 kg/m2) were enrolled in this study. VO2max and maximal heart rate (HRmax) were assessed during a maximal graded exercise test on a treadmill and compared with the oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) during a game in the ExerCube.

In the ExerCube, the subjects reached a peak HR of 187.43±9.22 bpm, which corresponds to 96.57±3.64% of their HRmax. The mean HR throughout the game was 167.11±10.94 bpm, corresponding to 86.07±4.33% of HRmax. VO2peak reached 41.57±5.09 ml/kg/min during the game in the ExerCube, which corresponds to 84.75±7.52% of VO2max. The mean VO2 consumption during the game reached 32.39±4.04 ml/kg/min, which corresponds to 66.01±5.09% of VO2max. The ExerCube provides a form of vigorous physical exercise. Due to its playful, immersive, and motivating nature, the ExerCube seems to be a promising tool to facilitate physical activity.
Influence of Spinal Cord Stimulation on Insulin Sensitivity in Chronic Pain Patients
Authors: Morgalla Matthias H. , Fritschle Hannah , Vosseler Andreas , Benkendorff Charlotte , Lamprinou Apostolia , Heni Martin , Fritsche Andreas
Published: July 2021

Background and Objective This prospective, sham-controlled, randomized, cross-over study (NCT03637075), was designed to test the hypothesis that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for the treatment of pain can also improve glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity when compared to sham stimulation.

Methods Ten non-diabetic participants (5 females, mean age 48.8 years) who had an SCS system implanted for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain were studied. Whilst applying a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, sham-stimulation and tonic stimulation were performed for 45 min (n=4) or 60 min (n=6) in each case randomly. The insulin sensitivity index and pain levels were determined. A second investigation, BurstDR stimulation was also conducted and the result was compared to that of sham stimulation (cross-over design).

Results The insulin sensitivity improved significantly under the tonic stimulation when compared to the sham stimulation (p=0.037). BurstDR stimulation independently did not lead to a significantly improved insulin sensitivity compared to that after sham stimulation (p=0.16). We also examined the pain during the test and found no significant difference between sham and tonic stimulation (p=0.687).

Conclusion The results of this study show that tonic stimulation used for the treatment of pain could also improve glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Further investigations are required to investigate the clinical relevance of the role of glucose metabolism in diabetic chronic pain participants and its underlying mechanisms.
Placental Transfusion, Timing of Plastic Wrap or Bag Placement, and Preterm Neonates
Authors: Engle William , Lien Izlin , Benneyworth Brian , Tully Jennifer Stanton , Barbato Alana , Kunkel Melissa , Boon Win , Waheed Saira , Hoesli Sandra , Chua Rosario , Singhal Abhay , Buchh Basharat , Winchester Paul , Guilfoy Veronica , Proctor Cathy , Sanchez Mario , Joyce Jeffrey , He Tian
Published: July 2021

Objective Compare delivery room practices and outcomes of infants born at less than 32 weeks' gestation or less than 1,500 g who have plastic wrap/bag placement simultaneously during placental transfusion to those receiving plastic wrap/bag placement sequentially following placental transfusion.

Study Design Retrospective analysis of data from a multisite quality improvement initiative to refine stabilization procedures pertaining to placental transfusion and thermoregulation using a plastic wrap/bag. Delivery room practices and outcome data in 590 total cases receiving placental transfusion were controlled for propensity score matching and hospital of birth.

Results The simultaneous and sequential groups were similar in demographic and most outcome metrics. The simultaneous group had longer duration of delayed cord clamping compared with the sequential group (42.3 ± 14.8 vs. 34.1 ± 10.3 seconds, p < 0.001), and fewer number of times cord milking was performed (0.41 ± 1.26 vs. 0.86 ± 1.92 seconds, p < 0.001). The time to initiate respiratory support was also significantly shorter in the simultaneous group (97.2 ± 100.6 vs. 125.2 ± 177.6 seconds, p = 0.02). The combined outcome of death or necrotizing enterocolitis in the simultaneous group was more frequent than in the sequential group (15.3 vs. 9.3%, p = 0.038); all other outcomes measured were similar.

Conclusion Timing of plastic wrap/bag placement during placental transfusion did affect duration of delayed cord clamping, number of times cord milking was performed, and time to initiate respiratory support in the delivery room but did not alter birth hospital outcomes or respiratory care practices other than the combined outcome of death or necrotizing enterocolitis.

Key Points
Outcomes of Shoulder Functions in Spinal Accessory to Suprascapular Nerve Transfer in Brachial Plexus Injury: A Comparison between Anterior and Posterior Approach
Authors: Maurya Sanjay , Renganathan Gopi , R. Venkatnarayanan , Bharti Rajiv
Published: July 2021

Background Restoration of shoulder functions is important in brachial plexus injury (BPI). The functional outcomes of spinal accessory nerve (SAN) to suprascapular nerve (SSN) transfer by the anterior supraclavicular approach and the posterior approach is a matter of debate. This article aims to compare the outcomes of the shoulder functions by the SAN to the SSN transfer using the two approaches.

Methods Retrospective data was collected in 34 patients who underwent SAN to SSN transfer from January 2016 to June 2018. Group A included 16 patients who underwent nerve transfers by anterior approach, and Group B included 18 patients who underwent nerve transfers by posterior approach. Functional outcomes were measured by grading the muscle power as per the British Medical Research Council (MRC) grading (graded as M) and the range of motions (ROM) of the shoulder at 6 months and 18 months.

Results Early recovery was seen in group B with 7 patients (39%) showing M1 abduction power at 6 months as compared with one patient (6%) in group A . This difference was statistically significant (p value = 0.04). At 18 months, 10 patients (62%) in group A had good recovery (MRC grade ≥3), while 13 patients (72%) in group B had a good recovery. This difference was not found to be statistically significant (Fisher exact test p value = 0.71) There was no statistical difference in the outcomes of ROM in shoulder abduction, external rotation, and motor power at 18 months of follow-up.

Conclusions Early recovery was observed in the posterior approach group at 6 months, however, there was no significant difference in the outcomes of shoulder functions in muscle power and ROM in the two groups at 18 months of follow-up.
Collaboration matters: capacity building, up-scaling, spreading, and sustainability in citizen-generated data projects
Authors: Balestrini Mara , Kotsev Alexander , Ponti Marisa , Schade Sven
Published: July 2021

Projects producing citizen-generating data (CGD) to provide evidence and to drive change have increased considerably in the last decade. Many of these initiatives build on multi-actor collaboration and are often supported by non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the public sector, businesses or community-based organisations. The joint efforts of these actors are often necessary to provide the resources and the support that citizens need to produce data. In return, organisations can harness the data to support their objectives. The recent growth (or up-scaling) of CGD projects has created opportunities, as well as challenges for capacity building and sustainability. These challenges can affect the continuity and effectiveness of these initiatives and, in turn, the quality and utility of collected data. This paper analyses two CGD projects to consider their social implications and the measures necessary to increase their capacity, up-scaling, spreading, and sustainability. The case studies on noise monitoring and invasive alien species describe, respectively, a bottom-up approach at city level and a top-down approach at the European level. Regardless of the approach, capacity building requires a process of infrastructuring that engages different actors, responds to matters of concern, assesses community capacities and needs, and develops a vision and action plan. Further, the appropriation and repurposing of technical systems is required to scale up and spread CGD projects. In this process, participants’ activities are shaped by technologies, while the meaning and effects of technologies are shaped through participants’ activities.
Super-localization of individual fluorophores along a DNA strand in a microchannel
Authors: Azuma Naoki , Fukuzawa Kenji , Itoh Shintaro
Published: July 2021

DNA mapping is a method of stretching random-coiled DNA molecules and then analyzing them using a fluorescence microscope. This method has been used for DNA analyses. In this study, to realize more accurate DNA analyses with small amounts of samples, we aimed to stretch and immobilize λ DNA molecules and to achieve super-resolution imaging with the direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) of a single λ DNA molecule in a microchannel. To stretch and immobilize the DNA molecule, we used an air–water interface movement by controlling the pressure in the microchannel. The DNA molecule was stretched and immobilized on an air-plasma-treated glass substrate, which prevented the overlapping of the DNA molecules owing to the small adhesion force, and a stretching ratio of 75% was achieved. We performed dSTORM imaging with the blinking of YOYO-1 dyes along the DNA molecule in the microchannel with the width of 200 μm, the depth of 2 μm, and the length of 40 mm. We obtained the super-resolution imaging of the DNA molecule with the full width at half maximum of 67 nm. The design of microchannel is required to improve dSTORM imaging of DNA molecules, and the issue could be explored in our future studies.