bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Dual Mechanisms Boost the Efficiency of Ternary Solar Cells with Two Compatible Polymer Donors to Exceed 19%
Authors: Liu Shizhao , Wang Junjie , Wen Shuguang , Bi Fuzhen , Zhu Qianqian , Yang Chunpeng , Yang Chunming , Chu Junhao , Bao Xichang
Published: February 2024

Ternary strategyopens a simple avenue to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). The introduction of wide bandgap polymer donors (PDs) as third component canbetter utilize sunlight and improve the mechanical and thermal stability of active layer. However, efficient ternary OSCs (TOSCs) with two PDs are rarely reported due to inferior compatibility and shortage of efficient PDs match with acceptors. Herein, two PDs‐(PBB‐F and PBB‐Cl) are adopted in the dual‐PDs ternary systems to explore the underlying mechanisms and improve their photovoltaic performance. The findings demonstrate that the third components exhibit excellent miscibility with PM6 and are embedded in the host donor to form alloy‐like phase. A more profound mechanism for enhancing efficiency through dual mechanisms, that are the guest energy transfer to PM6 and charge transport at the donor/acceptor interface, has been proposed. Consequently, the PM6:PBB‐Cl:BTP‐eC9 TOSCs achieve PCE of over 19%. Furthermore, the TOSCs exhibit better thermal stability than that of binary OSCs due to the reduction in spatial site resistance resulting from a more tightly entangled long‐chain structure. This work not only provides an effective approach to fabricate high‐performance TOSCs, but also demonstrates the importance of developing dual compatible PD materials.
Prediction of Phase Composition and Process Resilience in Plasma‐Assisted Hetero‐Aggregate Synthesis using a Machine‐Learning Model with Multivariate Output
Authors: Lu Yuanqing , Fazletdinov Timur , Pan Zhiwen , Wondraczek Katrin , Wondraczek Lothar
Published: February 2024

The synthesis of nanoscale particles and particle aggregates from liquid or gaseous precursors is affected by a variety of trade‐off relations, for example, in terms of product composition, yield, or energy efficiency. Machine‐supported process evaluation and learning (ML) of these relations enables optimization strategies for advanced material processing. Such a workflow is demonstrated on the example of plasma‐assisted aerosol deposition (PAAD) of alumina powders. Depending on processing conditions, these powders comprise of hetero‐aggregate mixtures of crystalline and amorphous polymorphs. Process optimization toward a specific target composition calls for ML approaches. For this, a sufficiently large and consistent dataset of PAAD input (processing) and output (product) parameters is initially generated by real‐world processing, and subsequently extrapolated into a cloud of ≈106 input‐output parameter matrices using Gaussian process regression with multivariate output and input‐output feature analysis. It is subsequently demonstrated how not only the phase composition of the obtained alumina powders, but also product resilience to variations in specific processing parameters, or – as a perspective – the energy efficiency of material processing can be predicted.
Flexible Self‐Powered Organic Photodetector with High Detectivity for Continuous On‐Plant Sensing
Authors: Schrickx Harry M. , Gyurek Sydney , Moore Caleb , Hernández‐Pagán Edmaritz , Doherty Colleen J. , Kudenov Michael W. , O'Connor Brendan T.
Published: February 2024

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) exhibit performance on par with inorganic detectors (e.g., Si) but can be ultrathin, ultra‐lightweight, flexible, and mechanically resilient, opening up opportunities for novel applications including optical sensors for continuous human and plant health monitoring. Here, a high‐performance flexible self‐powered OPD designed for on‐plant optical sensing is developed. The OPD employs an electrode consisting of Ag nanowires (NWs) embedded in a UV‐curable resin to achieve a flexible and thin form factor. In addition, the OPD active layer consisting of D18‐Cl and Y6 is sequentially cast to reduce dark current. The flexible OPD is sensitive to 400–950 nm wavelengths and exhibits photodetector characteristics comparable to state‐of‐the‐art rigid OPDs. The responsivity reaches values of 0.47 A W−1 and specific detectivity exceeds 1012 Jones. Owing to the embedded Ag NW electrodes in a thin substrate (t = 20 µm) and sequentially cast active layers, the detector demonstrates excellent bending stability. The photocurrent remains steady across 4000 cycles with a bending radius of 2 mm. The flexible OPD is demonstrated to effectively detect plant uptake of the rare‐earth metal terbium and sense time‐dependent chlorophyll fluorescence. Thus, this work highlights the potential for OPDs as on‐plant sensors to advance precision agriculture.
Rational Design of Carbon Dots Featuring High Spectral Overlap with Analyte for Effective Detection of Metronidazole via Inner Filter Effect
Authors: Zhuang Jialuo , Li Zijian , Bi Hong
Published: February 2024

The development of fluorescent probe with high spectral overlap with analyte is favorable for the sensing applications via inner filter effect, which requires facile tuning of their structure and photophysical properties. Herein, the rational design of blue emissive carbon dots (B‐CDs) is reported for effective detection of metronidazole (MNZ) in both deionized water and real water samples. The design strategy is based on the elaborate choice of precursors that allows precise control over the nitrogen‐doping degree and graphitization content of B‐CDs. As a result, the as‐prepared B‐CDs exhibit a specific and quick fluorescence quenching response to MNZ via the IFE mechanism because of their good spectral overlap in absorbance. This approach shows a broad linear range (0.5–160 µm), low detection limit (0.1 µm), and moderate selectivity, suggesting its promise for practical applications in environmental sensing.
Synthesis and Phase Transition of Large‐Area Layered Ferroelectric Semiconductor α‐In2Se3 via 2D Solid‐Phase Crystallization
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Pin , Useinov Artur , Woon Wei‐Yen , Liao Szuya , Hou Tuo‐Hung
Published: February 2024

Ferroelectric semiconductor α‐In2Se3 has gained significant attention due to its favorable physical characteristics, including an appropriate bandgap (≈1.4 eV) for semiconductor devices, intercorrelated out‐of‐plane and in‐plane polarization, and high Curie temperature (>200 °C). Combining its semiconducting and ferroelectric properties, α‐In2Se3 holds promise for developing many innovative applications. However, the large‐scale synthesis of uniform layered α‐In2Se3 for practical use and a comprehensive understanding of its phase transition during synthesis are lacking. In this study, layered α‐In2Se3 on amorphous SiO2 substrates at a cm2‐scale is successfully synthesized and explored its phase transition during synthesis, by using a 2D solid‐phase crystallization (2DSPC) method with a SiO2 encapsulation. The formation of highly crystalline 2D layered α‐In2Se3 is observed through the real‐time β‐phase to α‐phase transition at room temperature. The electrical (field‐effect mobility µFE ≈ 1 cm2 V−1s−1), optical, and ferroelectric properties of the synthesized α‐In2Se3 thin films are further investigated. This study contributes to the understanding and control of stoichiometry and phases of In2Se3 and provides an efficient approach for synthesizing large‐area 2D layered α‐In2Se3.
Computational Design of Optimized Modular Photovoltaic Electrochemical Reactor for Energy Efficient CO2‐to‐Cn Reduction Reaction with Bandgap Tunable Perovskite Tandem Cells
Authors: Kwon Seok Joon
Published: February 2024

For electrosynthesis of carbon fuels from CO2, engineered catalysts have improved the electrochemical (EC) reduction efficiency. However, most EC systems rely on a batch reactor, which is not relevant for Cn fuels with high n (n ≥ 3) due to low selectivity. For enhanced electron‐to‐fuel (ETF) efficiency, modular configurations are advantageous. The best configurations allowing high yield reduction of CO2 into Cn fuels are investigated. It is found that serial and parallel configurations exhibit four to five times higher ETF efficiency than simple batch reactor. The best photovoltaic (PV) tandem cells made of metal halide perovskite for the optimized EC modular systems are also found. These materials have a bandgap tunability covering most Cn fuels. With the computationally optimized tandem PVs, it is found that the [PV+EC] series configuration achieves up to 2.28% and 2.86% solar‐to‐fuel (STF) efficiency of C3 aldehydes and alcohols, which are greater than what has been reported in the literature. For C4 aldehydes and alcohols, the [PV+EC] parallel configuration achieves up to 0.17% and 0.21% STF efficiency, respectively. The present study on modules and materials design will provide a useful way to create EC production of Cn fuels that can help reach carbon neutrality.
Copper–Iron Selenides Nanoflakes and Carbon Nanotubes Composites as an Advanced Anode Material for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Yixin , Sahoo Gopinath , Kim Eun Mi , Jeong Sang Mun
Published: February 2024

Metal selenides are widely considered as an emerging anode electrode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Hence, the present study uses a conductive carbon materials matrix such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with copper–iron selenide (CuFeSe2). The composites (CuFeSe2@CNTs) are synthesized by a hydrothermal method and examined for electrochemical performance as anode applications in LIBs. Herein, the CuFeSe2@CNTs show excellent specific capacity of 783.7 and 720.6 mA h g−1 at 0.1 and 1 A g−1, respectively. This composite further exhibits a high‐capacity value compared to only FeSe2 and CuFeSe2 and a reversible capacity of 691 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 1 A g−1 current density. Moreover, the homogeneous combination of CuFeSe2 nanoflakes and CNTs provides structural stability that reduces the volume change during lithium‐ion interactions and successively improves the conductivity of the complex, which is advantageous for better ion and electron kinetics during the reaction.
Heterogeneous preferences and consumer willingness to pay for vitamin D fortification of eggs
Authors: Areal Francisco J. , Asioli Daniele
Published: February 2024

Food reformulation can contribute to achieve public health objectives by facilitating access to healthy and sustainable food choices to consumers. Vitamin D is an important micronutrient that contributes to calcium absorption and bone health. Low vitamin D levels may lead to having a higher risk of poor bone and muscle for human health. In this manuscript we investigated, for the first time, United Kingdom consumer willingness to pay (WTP), and heterogeneity preferences for vitamin D fortification of eggs. We used a choice experiment (CE) involving several hypothetical egg products (i.e., pack of 10 eggs) that vary across three attributes levels such as production method (i.e., Cage, Barn, Free‐range, and Organic), vitamin (i.e., no information or by reporting on the pack the claim “Vitamin D added”), and price (i.e., £0.80/pack, £1.90/pack, £3.00/pack, and £4.10/pack). Results suggest that, although on average consumers prefer low‐price eggs produced using the free‐range production method and the information about vitamin D fortification does not affect their valuation, there is a significant preference heterogeneity in consumer preferences associated with animal welfare, environment, health, and price attributes. Particularly, there is a significant preference heterogeneity towards the purchasing of eggs produced using the barn production method. Furthermore, we found that consumer preferences for vitamin D fortification of eggs is affected by consumer's age and the price of eggs. These findings provide useful insights into the psychology of consumer acceptance and attitudes that can be used in communicating the nature of the fortified vitamin D eggs to the public. They also have important implications for future labeling policies and marketing strategies of egg industry.
Effects of nonaromatic through‐bond conjugation and through‐space conjugation on the photoluminescence of nontraditional luminogens
Authors: Zhang Xiaomi , Bai Yunhao , Deng Junwen , Zhuang Peifeng , Wang Huiliang
Published: February 2024

Photoluminescence (PL) mechanisms of nontraditional luminogens (NTLs) have attracted great interest, and they are generally explained with intra/intermolecular through‐space conjugation (TSC) of nonconventional chromophores. Here a new concept of nonaromatic through‐bond conjugation (TBC) is proposed and it is proved that it plays an important role in the PL of NTLs. The PL behaviors of the three respective isomers of cyclohexanedione and gemdimethyl‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione were studied and correlated with their chemical and aggregate structures. These compounds show different fluorescence emissions as well as different concentration, excitation and solvent‐dependent emissions. The compounds which undergo keto‐enol tautomerism and hence with a conjugated ketone‐enol structure (i.e., nonaromatic TBC) show more red‐shifted emissions. TBC effect reduces the energy gaps and facilitates the formation of stronger TSC in the aggregate state. The compounds in the ketone‐enol form are also prone to occur excited state intra/intermolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). The cooperative effect of nonaromatic TBC and TSC determines the PL behaviors of NTLs. This work provides a novel understanding of the PL mechanisms of NTLs and is of great importance for directing the design and synthesis of novel NTLs.
Reducing transfusion utilization for children with sickle cell anemia in sub‐Saharan Africa with hydroxyurea: Analysis from the phase I/II REACH trial
Authors: Power‐Hays Alexandra , Tomlinson George A. , Tshilolo Leon , Santos Brígida , Williams Thomas N. , Olupot‐Olupot Peter , Smart Luke R. , Aygun Banu , Lane Adam , Stuber Susan E. , Latham Teresa , Ware Russell E.
Published: February 2024

Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) in Africa frequently require transfusions for SCA complications. Despite limited blood supplies, strategies to reduce their transfusion needs have not been widely evaluated or implemented. We analyzed transfusion utilization in children with SCA before and during hydroxyurea treatment. REACH (Realizing Effectiveness Across Continents with Hydroxyurea, NCT01966731) is a longitudinal Phase I/II trial of hydroxyurea in children with SCA from Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, and Uganda. After enrollment, children had a two‐month pre‐treatment screening period followed by 6 months of fixed‐dose hydroxyurea (15–20 mg/kg/day), 18 months of dose escalation, and then stable dosing at maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Characteristics associated with transfusions were analyzed with univariate and multivariable models. Transfusion incidence rate ratios (IRR) across treatment periods were calculated. Among 635 enrolled children with 4124 person‐years of observation, 258 participants (40.4%) received 545 transfusions. The transfusion rate per 100 person‐years was 43.2 before hydroxyurea, 21.7 on fixed‐dose, 14.5 during dose escalation, and 10.8 on MTD. During MTD, transfusion incidence was reduced by 75% compared to pre‐treatment (IRR 0.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.18–0.35, p < .0001), and by 50% compared to fixed dose (IRR 0.50, 95% CI 0.39–0.63, p < .0001). Hydroxyurea at MTD decreases transfusion utilization in African children with SCA. If widely implemented, universal testing and hydroxyurea treatment at MTD could potentially prevent 21% of all pediatric transfusions administered in sub‐Saharan Africa. Increasing hydroxyurea access for SCA should decrease the transfusion burden and increase the overall blood supply.
Bridging of Cove Regions: A Strategy for Realizing Persistently Chiral Double Heterohelicenes with Attractive Luminescent Properties
Authors: Qu Cheng , Xu Yincai , Wang Yu , Nie Yufang , Ye Kaiqi , Zhang Hongyu , Zhang Zuolun
Published: February 2024

The racemization of chiral organic compounds is a common chemical phenomenon. However, it often poses configurational‐stability issues to the application of this class of compounds. Achieving chiral organic compounds without the risk of racemization is fascinating, but it is challenging due to a lack of strategies. Here, we reveal the cove‐regions bridging strategy for achieving persistently chiral multi‐helicenes (incapable of racemization), based on the synthesized proof‐of‐concept double hetero[4]helicenes featuring macrocycle structures with a small 3D cavity. Additionally, we demonstrate that the strategy is also effective in tuning the electronic structures of multi‐helicenes, resulting in a conversion from luminescence silence into thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) for the present system. Furthermore, red circularly polarized TADF based on small double [4]helicene systems is achieved for the first time using this strategy. The disclosed cove‐regions bridging strategy provides an opportunity to modulate the electronic structures and luminescent properties of multi‐helicenes without concern for racemization, thus significantly enhancing the structural and property diversity of multi‐helicenes for various applications.
Effect of different side chains on alternating copolymers of benzodithiophene and thiophene in organic solar cells
Authors: Mota Isabela Custódio , Arias Jonathan Rubio , de Araújo Francineide Lopes , Nogueira Ana Flávia , de Fátima Vieira Marques Maria
Published: February 2024

Polymeric semiconductors offer the dual advantages of lightness and flexibility, facilitating the large‐scale production of organic electronic devices. In the present research, electron donor polymers were synthesized incorporating high electron density aromatic units, specifically benzodithiophene (BDT) and thiophene (Th), to explore their efficacy in organic electronics. This systematic study focused on evaluating the impact of varying side chains on the material properties of these polymers. It was found that polymers with Th side chains exhibited significantly enhanced thermal stability, approximately 100°C higher than their alkoxide side chain counterparts. For the polymer PEHO‐BDT3HT, a bandgap value of around 1.6 eV was obtained. Furthermore, binary devices were developed using these novel copolymers, among which PDT‐BDT3HT demonstrated superior photovoltaic performance, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 1.56% without any optimization. This work not only sheds light on the influence of side chain variations in polymer properties but also showcases the potential of BDT and Th‐based copolymers in the field of organic electronics.
SiteMine: Large‐scale binding site similarity searching in protein structure databases
Authors: Reim Thorben , Ehrt Christiane , Graef Joel , Günther Sebastian , Meents Alke , Rarey Matthias
Published: February 2024

Drug discovery and design challenges, such as drug repurposing, analyzing protein–ligand and protein–protein complexes, ligand promiscuity studies, or function prediction, can be addressed by protein binding site similarity analysis. Although numerous tools exist, they all have individual strengths and drawbacks with regard to run time, provision of structure superpositions, and applicability to diverse application domains. Here, we introduce SiteMine, an all‐in‐one database‐driven, alignment‐providing binding site similarity search tool to tackle the most pressing challenges of binding site comparison. The performance of SiteMine is evaluated on the ProSPECCTs benchmark, showing a promising performance on most of the data sets. The method performs convincingly regarding all quality criteria for reliable binding site comparison, offering a novel state‐of‐the‐art approach for structure‐based molecular design based on binding site comparisons. In a SiteMine showcase, we discuss the high structural similarity between cathepsin L and calpain 1 binding sites and give an outlook on the impact of this finding on structure‐based drug design. SiteMine is available at https://uhh.de/naomi.
Aptamer‐based fluorescent sensor for highly sensitive detection of methamphetamine
Authors: Wang Yandan , Wang Zheyu , Tong Yishuo , Zhang Dan , Yun Keming , Yan Jiangwei , Niu Weifen
Published: February 2024

The construction of a fluorescence aptamer sensor was achieved by employing the fundamental principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer. By employing molecular modeling technologies to identify the binding site, the high‐affinity aptamer APT‐40nt was derived from the whole sequence and utilized on the graphene oxide (GO) fluorescent platform for the purpose of achieving a highly sensitive detection of methamphetamine (METH). The aptamer tagged with fluorescein (FAM) dye undergoes quenching in the presence of GO due to π‐stacking interaction. With the addition of the target, the aptamer that has been tagged was detached from the GO surface, forming a stable complex with METH. This process resulted in fluorescence restoration of the system, and the degree of fluorescence restoration was proportional to METH concentration in the linear range of 1–50 and 50–200 nM. Notably, under optimized conditions, the detection limit of this aptasensor was as low as 0.78 nM, which meets the detection limit requirements of METH detection in saliva and urine in some countries and regions. Moreover, other common illicit drugs and metabolites had minimizing interference with the determination. The established aptasensor, therefore, has been successfully applied to detect METH in saliva and urine samples and exhibited satisfactory recoveries (87%–111%). This aptasensor has the advantages of low detection limit, excellent selectivity, ease of operation, and low cost, providing a promising strategy for on‐site detection of METH in saliva and urine.
Implementation of mDoE‐methods to a microcarrier‐based expansion processes for mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kuchemüller Kim B. , Pörtner Ralf , Möller Johannes
Published: February 2024

The need for advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) has gained increased attention in recent years. In this respect, a well‐designed cell expansion process is needed to efficiently manufacture the required number of cells with the desired product quality. This step is challenging due to the biological complexity of the respective primary cell (e.g., mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)) and the usage of microcarrier‐based expansion systems. One accelerating approach for process design is model‐assisted Design of Experiments (mDoE) combining mathematical process models and statistical tools. In this study, the mDoE workflow was used for the development of an expansion processes with human immortalized mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC‐TERT) and the aim of maximizing cell yield assuming only a limited amount of prior knowledge at a very early stage of development. First, suitable microcarriers for expansion in shake flasks were screened and the differentiation of the cells was proven. Second, initial experiments were performed to generate prior knowledge, which was then used to set up the mathematical model and to estimate the model parameters. Finally, the mDoE was used to determine and evaluate the design space to be performed experimentally. Overall, a cell expansion process using microcarriers in a shake flask culture was successfully implemented and a significant increase in cell yield (up to 6,2‐fold) was achieved compared to literature.
Clinical and genetic characteristics predict outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia patients with FLT3 mutations receiving venetoclax‐based therapy
Authors: Weng Guangyang , Huang Jingya , An Na , Zhang Yu , Yu Guopan , Sun Zhiqiang , Lin Dongjun , Deng Lan , Liang Xinquan , Xiao Jie , Zhang Hongyu , Guo Ziwen , He Xin , Jin Hua , Liu Qifa , Du Xin
Published: February 2024

Background

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease, and its heterogeneity is associated with treatment response. Despite the demonstrated success of venetoclax (VEN)‐based therapy for AML, the effect of FLT3 mutations on the efficacy of the therapy is poorly understood. We aimed to compare the efficacy of VEN‐based therapy between FLT3‐mutated (FLT3mut) and FLT3 wild‐type (FLT3wt) patients and identify the predictors of efficacy in FLT3mut patients.

Methods

A total of 266 AML patients (127 newly diagnosed [ND] and 139 refractory/relapsed [R/R]) receiving VEN‐based regimens were enrolled in this study. A retrospective analysis was performed, and the treatment responses and overall survival (OS) of FLT3mut and FLT3wt patients were compared. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to examine the clinical and genetic predictors of outcomes.

Results

With a median of two cycles of VEN‐based therapy, for the ND AML cohort, the FLT3mut group had a comparable composite complete remission (CRc) rate with the FLT3wt group (79.3% vs. 61.2%, p = 0.072). For the R/R AML cohort, the FLT3mut group exhibited a lower CRc rate than the FLT3wt group. With a median follow‐up of 8.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.0–10), the median OS observed in the FLT3mut and FLT3wt groups for both cohorts were close (14.0 vs. 19.9 months, p = 0.356; 10.0 vs. 11.9 months, p = 0.680). For the ND AML cohort, in FLT3mut patients, MRD‐positive and RNA‐splicing mutation predicted inferior survival (hazard ratio [HR], 10.3; 95% CI: 2.0–53.8; p = 0.006; HR 11.3; 95% CI: 1.2–109.3; p = 0.036, respectively). For the R/R AML cohort, in FLT3mut patients, adverse ELN risk was associated with an inferior response (odds ratio [OR], 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1–0.8; p = 0.025), whereas NPM1 co‐mutation was associated with a superior response (57.1%; OR, 6.7; 95% CI: 1.5–30.1; p = 0.014). CR/CRi predicted a better survival (HR 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1–0.8; p = 0.029), while DNMT3A mutation predicted an inferior survival (HR, 4.6; 95% CI: 1.4–14.9; p = 0.011).

Conclusions

FLT3 mutations may influence response to VEN‐based therapy in R/R AML patients but not in ND AML patients. Furthermore, clinical and genetic characteristics could predict outcomes of FLT3mut patients receiving VEN‐based therapy.
The impact of body mass index on survival endpoints among patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A real‐world multicenter analysis
Authors: Huang Shih‐Yu , Su Po‐Jung , Lin Chang‐Ting , Kuo Ming‐Chun , Chen Yi‐Hua , Wu Chia‐Che , Luo Hao‐Lun , Chen Chien‐Hsu , Chou Chih‐Chi , Huang Chun‐Chieh , Kuo Chung‐Wen , Su Yu‐Li
Published: February 2024

Background

Studies on the correlation between high body mass index (BMI) and extended survival among patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been made, although findings have shown variability. Our research explored the phenomenon of the “obesity paradox” in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) undergoing treatment with ICIs.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with mUC who received a minimum of one cycle of ICI treatment at two medical centers in Taiwan from September 2015 to January 2023. Features of patients' clinicopathologic factors, including age, sex, primary or metastatic location, treatment line, and BMI were examined. The primary outcome were overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS), which were assessed utilizing the Kaplan–Meier method. We employed the Cox‐regression model to adjust for multiple covariates.

Results

A total of 215 patients were included, with 128 (59.5%) being male, and the median age was 70 years. In the obese group (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), patients demonstrated significantly better median OS compared to the non‐obese group (BMI <25 kg/m2) (21.9 vs. 8.3 months; p = 0.021). However, there was no significant difference in median PFS between the high and low BMI groups (4.7 vs. 2.8 months; p = 0.16). Post‐hoc subgroup revealed a survival benefit from ICI treatment in male patients within the BMI ≥25 kg/m2 group (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.30–0.81, p = 0.005).

Conclusion

Based on real‐world data from the Asia‐Pacific region, there appears to be a correlation between obesity and prolonged OS in patients receiving ICI treatment for mUC.
Selective Aza‐Michael Addition to Dehydrated Amino Acids in Natural Antimicrobial Peptides
Authors: Vargiu Michela , Xu Yanli , Kuipers Oscar P. , Roelfes Gerard
Published: February 2024

We report the efficient and site selective modification of non‐canonical dehydroamino acids in ribosomally synthesized and post‐transationally modified peptides (RiPPs) by β‐amination. The singly modified thiopeptide Thiostrepton showed an up to 35‐fold increase in water solubility, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays showed that antimicrobial activity remained good, albeit lower than the unmodified peptide. Also the lanthipeptide nisin could be modified using this method.
Urban community college pathways and partnerships: Modern workforce development, dual enrollment, and non‐degree credential programs
Authors: Deggs David M. , Flores Agapito
Published: February 2024

Urban community colleges fulfill a critical role in metropolitan areas. These institutions are often large by design, with campuses in various communities and neighborhoods so that the institution may fulfill its open access mission across a metropolitan area. This article addresses three emerging initiatives that enable the urban community college to fulfill its open‐access mission—modern workforce development, dual enrollment, and non‐degree credential programs. While these programs or initiatives may seem separately unique and even siloed, they are essential pieces of a comprehensive strategy that the modern urban community college should implement to ensure open access to a diverse population of students while simultaneously addressing critical business and industry needs. Careful design and management of these programs are essential to fulfilling the urban community college's evolving mission in modern society.
Leadership perspectives on diverse student needs at three urban community colleges in the south
Authors: Callaway Collin
Published: February 2024

Urban community colleges provide access to postsecondary education's most diverse and underserved student populations. Students enrolled in these institutions often face academic, financial, and social challenges that shrink their odds of success. Leaders from three urban community colleges in the Southern United States shared the importance of addressing these students’ unique needs to improve student outcomes. Relationship building, reimagining institutional efforts, and seeking campus‐wide commitments were cited as ways that administrative leaders can remove both tangible and intangible barriers thwarting underserved students’ success.
Perforation of the terminal ileum caused by brucellosis: A case report
Authors: Wang Chun , Yang Xiaoran , Zhou Jia , Liu Xu , Yang Yong , Li Xuzhao
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Brucellosis, caused by gram‐negative coccobacilli of the genus Brucella, is a zoonotic disease with bone and joint complications being common. However, acute abdomen with intestinal perforation is rare. We present a case of a 69‐year‐old man diagnosed with acute diffuse peritonitis and intestinal perforation due to Brucella infection. Surgical intervention revealed ileocecal perforation with wheel spoke‐like necrosis. The patient underwent partial resection, ileum closure, and ileostomy. Positive blood culture and Brucella agglutination confirmed the diagnosis. Targeted tetracycline and aminoglycoside treatment led to recovery.
A rare case of Balo's disease in a young adult: A clinical presentation and management
Authors: Singh Mansi , Almusleh Abeer , Mandru Geethika , Sahu Snigdh , Akuma Ogbonnaya , Akuma Chinaza Mercy , Desai Brinda , Nigam Archit Kumar , Sandhiya F. N. U. , Singh Manjeet , Khan Aadil Mahmood
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Accurate diagnosis of rare neurological conditions like Balo's concentric sclerosis (BCS) is challenging but crucial for tailored treatment. Interdisciplinary collaboration and further research are essential to advance our understanding.

This case report presents a 32‐year‐old female patient with a puzzling neurological condition characterized by feverish feelings, joint pain, unclear speech, and an unsteady gait. Initial management did not lead to improvement, and further examination revealed neurological involvement and joint tenderness without signs of inflammatory arthritis. Laboratory investigations ruled out infectious and autoimmune causes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed well‐defined lesions with concentric rings, leading to a diagnosis of Balo' concentric sclerosis. Treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone resulted in limited improvement. This case highlights the importance of thorough evaluation and collaboration in diagnosing rare neurological conditions. Further research is needed to enhance the understanding and treatment of rare neurological disorders.
Surgical management of complex lumbosacral anomaly with minimally invasive spinal fusion: A clinical image
Authors: Kapetanakis Stylianos , Chaniotakis Constantinos , Bladowska Joanna , Gkantsinikoudis Nikolaos
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Lumbosacral junction anomalies represent a rather frequent finding in patients with low back pain. Involved healthcare professionals should be familiar with these dysplasias, in order to achieve proper diagnosis and optimize clinical outcomes.

Dysplastic alterations in lumbosacral junction represent a frequent finding in patients with low back pain. Lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV), spina bifida occulta (SBO) and isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS) present recognized etiologies of low back pain. Herein, we present a rare case of concurrent presence of LSTV, SBO and IS in a middle‐aged male individual who was presented with low back pain in our department. Considering the resistant to conservative treatment symptomatology in conjunction with clinical‐radiologic presence of segmental instability, patient was subjected to uneventful minimally invasive lumbosacral fusion featuring complete recession of symptomatology directly postoperatively with no signs of recurrence until 6 months follow‐up. To our best knowledge, coexistence of LSTV, IS and SBO in lumbosacral junction has never been described in contemporary literature. Whenever surgery is indicated, minimally invasive spinal fusion may be considered as a safe and effective alternative in these cases.
The importance of improving cognitive flexibility in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: The case for cognitive remediation therapy
Authors: Timko C. Alix , Schnabel Jiana , Orloff Natalia C.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Inefficiencies in executive functioning (EF), more specifically cognitive flexibility and an overly detailed processing style, are frequently observed in individuals with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and have been identified as potential targets in treatment. Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) is an adjunctive treatment approach specifically designed to have a positive impact on EF. Mainly evaluated in adults, CRT has been criticized for its perceived ineffectiveness in promoting weight restoration or directly reducing eating disorder symptoms.

Method

We argue that we need to refocus our conceptual framework for using CRT as an adjunctive treatment and specifically explore its potential benefit in adolescents.

Results

Adolescence is a critical window for EF development during which CRT has the potential to have the most impact. While it may not specifically ameliorate eating disorder symptoms and directly improve weight gain, CRT may mitigate the impact of malnutrition on adolescent brain development, reduce attrition rates in treatment, and improve cognitive flexibility and (indirectly) other maintaining factors, thereby improving global functioning.

Discussion

More research needs to be done to understand the development of EF in adolescents with AN and how best to employ CRT as an adjunctive treatment to support development and target maintaining factors. The current article broadly reviews findings on executive functioning inefficiencies in adolescents with AN and discusses the purpose and role of CRT in treating AN. Finally, we highlight key critiques of using CRT and pose questions for future research.

Public Significance

Treatments targeting executive functioning in adolescents with AN are limited. We need to better understand how CRT can benefit adolescents in treatment. Increasing treatment options, including adjunctive treatments, is necessary to reduce the long‐term impact of AN.
Tracking colloidal silica particles to evaluate their dispersion and interactions in concentrated suspensions under shear force applications
Authors: Saeed Mohazzam , Otsuki Akira , Hermes Michiel , Hassan Ali Zain ul , Aziz Abdullah
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to characterize interactions within colloidal silica particles in their concentrated suspensions, using rheo‐confocal measurements and imaging, followed by image analysis. We studied the effect of shear rate (0–500 s–1) and solution pH (6, 10) on the dispersion degree of colloidal silica particles via the determination and comparison of interparticle distances and their modeling. Images corresponding to different shear rates were analyzed to identify the coordinates of the particles. These coordinates were further analyzed to calculate the distance among the particles and then their surface‐to‐surface distance normalized by the particle diameter (H/D). It was found that the population of the particles per unit area of the image and H/D varied with increasing shear rate. The comparison between experimentally measured and theoretically calculated H/D identified that for some particles, the former was shorter than the latter, indicating the unexpected attractions among them against the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Then, the modification of previously reported equations for H/D was suggested and confirmed its validity. Assuming pair potential interaction and hydrodynamic interaction were the main non‐DLVO interactions, their magnitudes were calculated and confirmed the significance of pH and shear application strength on particle dispersion/coagulation.
Veterinarians exposed to inhaled anesthetic present chromosome damage, apoptosis and cell cycle changes
Authors: Braz Mariana G. , Figueiredo Drielle B. S. , Golim Marjorie A. , Grassi Tony F. , da Costa Bruno R. B. , De Martinis Bruno S. , Braz Leandro G.
Published: February 2024

This cross‐sectional study evaluated, for the first time, DNA damage, viability, and cell death of lymphocytes and cell cycle phases of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells in veterinarians exposed to the volatile anesthetic isoflurane. Veterinarians who were occupationally exposed to isoflurane (exposed group; n = 20) and matched‐unexposed individuals (volunteers without occupational exposure; n = 20) were enrolled in the study. DNA damage was assessed in lymphocytes by micronucleus (MN) and phosphorylated histone gamma‐H2AX (γ‐H2AX). Cell viability, cytotoxicity, and the cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry. Isoflurane was detected in urine samples by headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Compared with unexposed subjects, veterinarians occupationally exposed to isoflurane (25.7 ± 23.7 μg/L urine) presented statistically higher MN frequencies, lymphocytic apoptosis rates, and numbers of polymorphonuclear cells in the G0/G1 stage. Additionally, the exposed group presented statistically lower proportions of viable lymphocytes and G2/M polymorphonuclear cells. Our findings indicate that veterinarians who are frequently exposed to inhaled anesthetic exhibit chromosomal and cell damage in addition to changes in peripheral blood cell proliferation.
Using music and music‐based analysis to model and to classify terrain in geomorphology
Authors: Lin Siwei , Yu Yang , Chen Nan , Shen Rui , Wang Xianyan
Published: February 2024

Music has long served as a bridge between science and nature, allowing for the artistic expression of natural and human‐made phenomena. While music has been used in geomorphology as an engaging teaching strategy, its application in specific scientific inquiries within geomorphology remains relatively unexplored. Drawing on the morphological similarities between music and terrain relief, this work introduced a novel music‐based method for modelling and expressing terrain relief based on the drainage basin profile (DBP). It converts terrain relief into pitches and time values according to mapping rules and then describes terrain relief in an audible form. Based on 5 sample areas and 360 drainage basins on the Loess Plateau, we developed the application of the proposed method on four core geomorphic tasks, including landform interpretation, analysis, recognition and classification. Experimental results show that (1) terrain music can interpret the terrain relief and landform evolution processes through its musical structure and rhythmic variations; (2) music derivatives are related to different terrain features, such as terrain relief, terrain variation intensity, landform evolution degree and terrain complexity, and have a well‐functioning relationship with a series of conventional terrain derivatives; (3) leveraging machine learning techniques, the terrain music method is effective for landform recognition, achieving an overall accuracy of 88.85% and a mean accuracy of 88.85%; and (4) via a case study in Northern Shaanxi, music modelling successfully divided it into 12 distinct landform regions and 8 landform types. Different landform regions exhibit clear regional boundaries and gradual transition zones, while specific landform regions share prominent terrain, spatial clustering and landform processes. Our delineation provides reasonable and effective landform differentiation but captures additional bed‐rock mountain features compared with a traditional method. This study highlights that music is not only an artistic expression but also a valuable research paradigm for a wide range of geomorphic tasks, offering fresh perspectives and enhancing our understanding of loess landforms. The results show a promising effort to integrate music theory into practical geomorphic tasks, demonstrating the potential of using music as a medium for conveying and analysing spatial information in geomorphology.
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and transcriptome profiling identify QTLs and candidate genes associated with heat stress response during reproductive development in Camelina sativa
Authors: Smith Brian E. , Kemmer Sunny , Decker Samuel , Lu Chaofu
Published: February 2024

Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz is a low‐input oilseed crop that has great potential in providing sustainable feedstock for biofuels and bioproducts. Climate change is threatening production of camelina with rising global temperatures. Elucidating the genetic response to high temperatures is essential for successful breeding of heat‐tolerant camelina varieties. Here, we report a combinatorial approach to identifying candidate genes associated with heat stress by quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and comparative transcriptome profiling. A population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was grown in a controlled growth chamber under the high‐temperature regimes for 14 days beginning at the onset of the reproductive stage. Several traits related to seed production were evaluated at maturity. The QTL analysis identified several regions with co‐located traits on chromosomes 8, 10, and 12. Two RILs with contrasting phenotypic responses to heat stress were chosen for gene expression profiling via RNA sequencing. Multiple pathways and genes were found to be strongly affected by heat stress, and many genes expressed differently between the two RILs. Several genes identified within the QTL regions were considered strong candidates that may control heat tolerance during reproduction in camelina. These studies provide resources for future studies that may assist in improving the heat tolerance of camelina.
Modeling the effects of Brexit on the British economy
Authors: Minford Patrick , Zhu Zheyi
Published: February 2024

We estimate the short run effects of Brexit border disruption on the UK economy. We estimate a structural VAR for the UK, where Brexit effects are identified by the dates of Brexit events, the referendum, and the exit from the single market. We find evidence of short run effects of Brexit: temporary effects on GDP, exports and imports (slightly negative), and on inflation and interest rates (slightly positive). These effects are consistent with modest disruption from introducing a border with the EU—a border due to be made barrier‐free and seamless by the UK‐EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement. Previous work using other countries as comparators is vulnerable to identification difficulties. We also survey earlier modeling work on the long run effects of evolving policies of free trade, UK‐sourced regulation, and liberalized immigration. Models of long run trade suggest the emergence of substantial gains.
Optimization of a gluten‐free sponge cake formulation based on quinoa, oleaster, and pumpkin flour using mixture design methodology
Authors: Madadi Mahshad , Roshanak Sahar , Shahidi Fakhri , Varidi Mohammad Javad
Published: February 2024

Gluten‐free bakery products are the definitive solution for people with celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. In this study, the production of gluten‐free sponge cake was optimized using a mixture design methodology. Effects of the amount of ingredients, including quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) (6–10 g), oleaster (Eleagnus Angustifolia) (1–2 g), and pumpkin powder (Cucurbita moschata) (1–4 g) on the physicochemical characteristics and sensory qualities (color, flavor, cutability, texture, appearance, and overall acceptability) of cakes were investigated. Significant regression models that explained the effects of different amounts of flour on all response variables were determined. The proposed model in this study had high and (adj). Therefore, the model was approved for fitting information. Finally, a gluten‐free sponge cake recipe was formulated using 1 g of oleaster flour, 1 g of pumpkin, and 10 g of quinoa flour to achieve the desired sensory quality.
Evolution of water extraction technology (spring tunnels) in the Southern Levant during the last three millennia
Authors: Yechezkel Azriel , Frumkin Amos , Edwards R. Lawrence , Li Xianglei , Leibner Uzi
Published: February 2024

A spring tunnel is an ancient water installation used to artificially increase the water yield of a spring through a subterranean tunnel. We have developed a database of 216 spring tunnels documented in the central region of the Southern Levant (present‐day Israel), constructed between Iron Age II and the modern era. The study focuses on the evolution of this water installation over a period of 2500 years, examining these constructions from technological, typological, spatial, and cultural perspectives. Within the larger database, 132 spring tunnels have been mapped, from which we present 36 examples selected to outline the typology and chronology of this type of water installation. The findings of the study indicate a diachronic correlation between the distribution of settlement in the mountain region and the number and geographical distribution of spring tunnels. Ethnic and religious changes, and the complexity of the mountain region's population, are also reflected in the use of these water installations. The comprehensive water structure database presented in this article, from a peripheral, yet strategically located region in relation both to the Far East and to West Mediterranean Empires, is used for initial consideration of local initiatives versus the knowledge‐transfer process.