bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSORIA COMPUTACIONAL: desenvolvimento de newsbot para organizações financeiras
Authors: Marques Alberto , Barroso Suélem S. P.
Published: December 2021

Esta pesquisa objetiva desenvolver o Minimum Viable Product (MVP) de uma plataforma em nuvem que transforma dados estruturados em textos automatizados, para potencializar a produção de conteúdo nas Corretoras de Valores Mobiliários. Trata-se de Pesquisa Aplicada que combina diferentes técnicas para o desenvolvimento do MVP. Como alguns dos resultados alcançados, temos a lógica de infraestrutura macro do funcionamento do newsbot e os principais elementos para as inúmeras camadas de desenvolvimento de que uma aplicação dessa natureza necessita.
T Regulatory Cells in the Visceral Adipose Tissues
Authors: Fooks Allen N. , D'Cruz Louise M.
Published: December 2021

CD4+ Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) residing in the visceral adipose tissues (VAT) have profound effects on local and systemic metabolism. Although many of the molecular characteristics of VAT resident Tregs have been identified, how these cells promote metabolic homeostasis is still unclear. Several new publications help to illuminate the molecular mechanisms that underpin VAT resident Treg function and will be discussed here.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A INFLUÊNCIA IMAGÉTICA NA ESFERA TEÓRICA SOCIOLABORAL
Authors: Araujo Jailton Macena de , Câmara Rayanne Aversari
Published: December 2021

A Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 estabeleceu o valor social do trabalho como um dos fundamentos do Estado Democrático do Direito. Nesse cenário, onde a simples positivação se mostra insuficiente, e partido da premissa de que a realidade social em seus diversos planos é um fator de criação e transformação do direito, o presente trabalho propõe que a ineficácia das normas em relação ao valor social do trabalho e ao trabalho decente decorre, além dos interesses econômicos de maximização do lucro, da invisibilidade social da exploração do trabalho, para, ao final, defender que imagens podem ser um meio de proporcionar visibilidade e consequentemente maior efetividade aos direitos e garantias existentes. Desta forma, abordando a imagética, pretende-se ampliar as condições de viabilização da hermenêutica jurídica, permitindo, através de uma reflexão multicultural a construção dos elementos essenciais para a construção de uma nova forma de refletir a forma de ver a teoria do direito.
DO PANÓPTICO AO NEUROMARKETING
Authors: Jorge Camila , Barcelos Débora de Jesus Rezende , Teodoro Maria Cecília Máximo
Published: December 2021

Ainda no século XVIII Jeremy Bentham idealizou a figura do panóptico como um mecanismo de alto controle e persuasão sobre os indivíduos. Geralmente aplicado em prisões, manicômios, escolas e, até mesmo nas fábricas, o panóptico consistia na construção de um local em forma de circunferência com uma torre de vigilância no centro para que os sujeitos enquanto objeto de controle e inspeção permanecessem constantemente sob as vistas do inspetor. Porém, na pós-modernidade, marcada por uma intensa revolução tecnológica e pela crise dos confinamentos, torna-se possível uma vigilância ainda mais profunda, capaz de ultrapassar os estritos limites espaciais de monitoramento e adentrar na própria psiquê e no cotidiano dos indivíduos, permitindo o seu controle em tempo integral. O modelo de panóptico Benthamiano é então aperfeiçoado e essa nova vigilância passa a ser exercida pelo panóptico digital, com a internet e o smartphone substituindo os espaços de confinamento sob a aparência de uma liberdade e uma comunicação ilimitadas. Nesse contexto, com a evolução do capitalismo diversas empresas têm migrado para plataformas e instituído negócios altamente lucrativos a partir do simples desenvolvimento de aplicativos. Uma dessas empresas é a Uber Technologies Inc. No discurso da Uber, os trabalhadores envolvidos já não são chamados de empregados, mas de “parceiros” que apenas se utilizam do aplicativo da empresa para intermediar seus serviços. Mas será que esse discurso procede? O presente ensaio tem enquanto problema averiguar se a empresa Uber não se utiliza do mecanismo do panóptico digital como forma de exercer controle, influência e vigilância sobre seus trabalhadores, porém, de uma forma mais discreta, mascarando o poder diretivo a medida em que transfere a vigilância física para a vigilância algorítmica. Em outras palavras, busca-se analisar se o elemento fático jurídico da subordinação na relação de emprego não estaria presente no modelo de organização da Uber a partir de uma vigilância panóptica. Para além, partindo da hipótese pela existência de um controle digital e, portanto, pela existência de vínculo, objetiva-se, em um segundo plano, averiguar se, e como, a empresa Uber consegue manipular esses trabalhadores e convencê-los a submeter-se e a manter-se em uma relação de trabalho completamente precarizante, partindo de uma análise do neuromarketing como instrumento de manipulação e captura da subjetividade. Acredita-se, que estas questões precisam ser analisadas e discutidas com cautela, sendo dotadas da maior relevância social e jurídica, a fim de que se evite a exploração sob a aparência de liberdade.
The Application of the Accounting for the Online Store
Authors: Maulani Puspita Tri Ayu , R.Pandin Maria Yovita
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the cash sales accounting information system that is suitable for online store applications. Using qualitative methods with the object of research, namely the online stores. Sources of data obtained from several online stores. Data collection methods used are semi-structured interviews, observation, and document analysis. From the analysis and design of the buying and selling cycle information system in online business development, it was found that the development of information systems is a very important stage in the efficiency and effectiveness of the buying and selling cycle. By implementing a good and correct accounting information system design on an online store, it can facilitate the recording and minimize the occurrence of errors/loss of data. In addition, with a good information system design, the division of tasks between various sections becomes clear.
Isolation and Identification of Three Parvovirus Strains in Raccoon Dogs From Liaoning Province, China
Authors: Guo Xiaoqin , Li Zhuochen , Lv Tiantian , Cao Haixu , Du Xin , Li Zirui , Zhao Chuanfang
Published: December 2021

To understand the epidemiological status of parvovirus (RDPV) in raccoon dogs, intestinal tissues of raccoon dogs in Liaoning Province of China were collected and evaluated. Three strains of raccoon dog parvovirus were successfully isolated from 12 intestinal tissues. Nine samples were positive for RDPV, with a positive rate of 75%. The VP2 and NS1 genes of the viruses were cloned and subjected to sequencing for analysis. The nucleotide sequences of the VP2 gene showed 99.94% similarity to the CPV-2a/Racoon dog/QHD/2/19(MT183665) strain, and the nucleotide sequences of the NS1 gene showed 99.75% similarity to RDPV-DP1 NS1(MF996335) strain. The three isolates belonging to the CPV-2a cluster were further confirmed by amino acid sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. Our study enriched the epidemiological data of parvovirus in raccoon dogs in the investigating region, and the results will be helpful for future investigation of the variations and transmission of raccoon dog parvoviruses.
Direct tensor filter method for synthetic turbulent field generation
Authors: Alexandrov Anatoly Vitalievich , Dorodnicyn Ludwig Waclawovich
Published: December 2021

A Direct Tensor Filter Method for synthetic turbulent field generation is proposed in this paper. The method is a generalization of the Direct Anisotropic Filter Method. The turbulent velocity fields built on the base of this method provides more properties corresponding to real physical turbulent fields in comparison to ones obtained with help of DAF method.
ELECTROCATALYTIC COBALT-VANADIUM COATINGS FOR THE HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION
Authors: Sakhnenko Mykola , Zhelavska Yulia , Zyubanova Svitlana , Proskurina Valeriia
Published: December 2021

The study of existing energy-saving materials and obtaining the new ones for reducing the cost of the hydrogen production, is relevant for modern hydrogen energy industry. Such properties can be predicted for materials containing vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten and exhibiting catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction Aforementioned metals can be co-deposited from aqueous solutions with iron subgroup metal-catalysts through the formation of cluster intermetallic compounds with Me-V bond adsorbed on the cathode surface.  The induced co-deposition of cobalt with vanadium from the complex citrate electrolyte was investigated in the current work. As a result of the research, it was found that the uniform microcrystalline light-gray high-quality cobalt-vanadium alloy coating is possible to precipitate from a citrate electrolyte with content of 20 g/dm3 vanadium (in terms of metal) as a citrate complex The process was carried out at a current density of 5–10 A/dm2, at a temperature of 30–40°С, pH = 2,8–3,2. The content of vanadium in the coating is 0,37–0,53 % by weight. The maximum vanadium content in the coating is observed at current densities 8–9 А/dm2. The catalytic activity study of the coating that was obtained using cobalt-vanadium alloy in the reaction of hydrogen reduction at the cathode was performed in solution of 2,5М NaOH + 0,02 M NaCl. By increasing the vanadium content in the coating from 0,37 to 0,53% the hydrogen evolution overvoltage is reduced by 0,5 V. It was found that the overvoltage of the hydrogen ion evolution reaction on cathodes from steel 20 with cobalt-vanadium coating is 0.08–0,1 V lower, and the exchange current is higher than on electrodes made of steel 20, which are used in industrial water-alkali electrolysis. This indicates the electrocatalytic activity of the investigated materials for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Electrodes with coating, obtained by cobalt-vanadium alloy can be recommended as a cathode material for the hydrogen electrochemical production. Hydrogen evolution overvoltage reduction also decrease the energy consumption for this process by 15–20 %.
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS-CERAMIC DENTAL PROSTHESES
Authors: Savvova Oksana , Fesenko Oleksii , Voronov Hennadii , Bairamov Emin Salekh Ohly
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the problem of improving the quality of life and protecting human health in the context of the successful development of the modern society was presented. A literary review of well-known modern technologies for the design and manufacture of dental prostheses was carried out, as well as the leading domestic and foreign companies that were engaged in this were given. The history of the development of materials for obtaining clinical restorations (crowns, inlays, onlays, etc.) was considered and the main directions of the development of innovative ceramic materials for dental prosthetics were outlined. Based on the analysis of the properties of various types of materials for dental prosthetics, the prospects of using glass-ceramic materials in the development of dental prostheses have been substantiated. The chemical compositions of lithium silicate glasses for the synthesis of the glass matrix have been developed and the technological parameters for the production of glass-ceramic dental prostheses have been selected (Тgl. melting = 1350–1400 °С, Тheat treatment = 600–650 °С). Preliminary heat treatment before the formation of products ensures the formation of the required number of the nucleus of crystalline phase and the prerequisites for creating a volume crystallized structure under conditions of short-term heat treatment. The glass-ceramic prosthesis with a formed interpenetrating sitallized structure was obtained by the method of hot pressing with a short exposure (18-20 min). It was found that the obtained glass-ceramic material containing lithium disilicate as a crystalline phase in an amount of 40-60 vol. %, had high values of bending strength (σ = 400 MPa) and fracture toughness. The indicated mechanical properties of the developed materials, along with the approximate values of their modulus of elasticity to natural teeth, will significantly extend the service life of products under conditions of significant alternating loads that arise during the chewing cycle. A comparative assessment of the competitiveness of the developed dental prostheses based on lithium disilicate with world analogues was carried out, in particular the products of Ivoclar Vivadent and Vita Zahnfabrik, in terms of the main operational parameters. The positive effect of the introduction of domestic developed glass-ceramic dental prostheses to reduce import dependence has been determined.
DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-MELTING GLASSCERAMIC BONDS FOR HIGH RESOURCE DIAMOND-ABRASIVE TOOLS
Authors: Fedorenko Olena , Yashchenko Larysa , Fedorenko Dmytro , Fedorovych Volodymyr , Koniev Oleksandr
Published: December 2021

Research is aimed at creating high-resource diamond-abrasive tools with a large-pore structure of the working layer, the use of which reduces the occurrence of grinding defects when processing materials sensitive to overheating. The formation of an open structure of the working layer ensures effective chip removal, which excludes a decrease in the сutting ability of the tool due to contamination with grinding sludge and creates favorable conditions for intensifying the processing of materials when using high-speed cutting modes. As part of the research, low-melting glass-ceramic binders for diamond-abrasive tools have been developed, which make it possible to increase the tool service life  due to the prevention of diamond grains premature destruction and the creation of a large-pore open structure of the working layer. Using a set of calculated data about the main characteristics of glass compositions by factor planning means, the dependences «composition - properties» were determined and the area of optimal compositions of glass-ceramic bonds was established, which ensure sintering of a diamond-containing composite at a temperature of 550–650 °C. The efficiency of the use of alumino-silicate microspheres of technogenic origin as a structure-forming filler providing the formation of a large-pore structure is shown. The features of the chemical and phase composition of the technogenic spheres recovered from the fly ash of the Krivoy Rog TPP have been determined. It has been established that when the diamond-bearing layer of the tool is sintered in the shell of the ash spheres, crystalline new formations with high hardness (hercynite, mullite, maghemite, spinel) are formed. Using ash spheres and developed low-melting binders, which include up to 30 mass. % of glass waste, the laboratory samples of diamond-containing composites with open porosity of 45-50% were made. Studies of their microstructure and morphological features made it possible to determine the pore size (130-200 μm) and establish that during grinding, partial destruction of ash spheres occurs with the formation of additional cutting elements, which increases the tool cutting ability. The research results indicate the advisability of using the proposed approach for selection of the diamond-ceramic composite components and the modes of heat treatment of the diamond-bearing layer when creating a tool. This approach will significantly expand the possibilities of manufacturing large-pore diamond-abrasive tools with a high service life at minimal material costs and will improve the processing of parts made of difficult-to-machine materials.
HIDDEN NANO CHEMISTRY IN BENDICT GLUCOSE TEST
Authors:   Tapas K Mandal, Parvin Nargish
Published: December 2021

From centuries, different manufacturers are using different technology for blood glucose monitoring. Since 1908, Benedict's test is utilized for only qualitative analysis of the urine/blood sample of patients suspected for diabetics mellitus. Based on this fact, we have now experimentally proved that presence of nanosized cuprous oxide equivalent to the reduced sugar present in any biological fluid can be utilized for both the qualitative and quantitative analysis of even trace amount of sugar in different species using fluorescence spectroscopy.
TREATMENT OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Zahra S.S., Javed Sumreen
Published: December 2021

Respiratory tract infections are the most common infections in the developing countries. Its mode of spread is also very fast as compared to any other infection. Therefore; we have aimed this study based on the administration of two different drugs, Ciprox (Ciprofloxacin) and Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium), for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection.
Calculation of parameters of elementary nanocrystals of liquid metals at melting temperature
Authors: Marukovich E. I. , Stetsenko V. Yu. , Stetsenko A. V.
Published: December 2021

Method of calculation and calculated values of parameters of elementary nanocrystals of liquid metals at melting temperature are given. It has been shown that radii of elementary nanocrystals are from 2 nm to 12 nm, and the number of atoms in each elementary nanocrystal varies from 2000 to 100000. This provides liquid metals with a high solidification rate and explains the abnormally high diffusion coefficient in liquid metals compared to solid metals.
Laboratory methods for the study of rod mixtures at high temperatures
Authors: Koreniugin S. V. , Rovin S. L.
Published: December 2021

The article presents an analysis of laboratory methods for studying temperature and phase expansions and changes in the properties of molding and core mixtures during heating. The analysis of laboratory equipment offered on the Belarusian market for high‑temperature testing of molding materials and mixtures is carried out, the methodology for conducting such tests using devices from leading world manufacturers is described. The results of high‑temperature test tests of mixtures based on furan binders are presented.
Neutralization of solvent vapors of brand 650 by the adsorption‑catalytic method
Authors: Panasyugin A. S. , Pavlovskiy N. D. , Masherova N. P. , Tsyganov A. R. , Kurilo I. I.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this work is to study the process of neutralization of vapors of a mixed solvent of the brand 650 by the adsorption‑catalytic method. The essence of the method consists in the concentration of solvent components on the sorbent, thermal desorption followed by periodic flameless catalytic oxidation of accumulated organic substances to carbon dioxide and water. Synthetic zeolite of the NaX brand was used as a sorbent, and a porous material based on foam ceramics of the Al2O3/SiO2 composition with a highly developed modified surface with an active catalytic phase was used as a catalyst. The mixed solvent contains, xylenes, ethylcellosol, n‑butanol. It is shown that the value of the sorption volume of zeolite for each class of the considered compounds is influenced by certain factors: the length and structure of the carbon skeleton, the position of the hydroxyl group (for alcohols and esters), the number of methyl groups in the composition of molecules (for the production of benzene). The conversion rate of the mixed solvent components was 65.4–90.1 %.
Determination of destruction cause of experimental mill roll of stand roughing group of mill 150.
Authors: Guzova I. A. , Hodosovskaya N. A. , Kovaleva I. A.
Published: December 2021

High quality of purchased resources plays a critical role under the conditions of severe international competition. Raw materials, materials and components are purchase for product production and their quality is an essential part in the production of steel at OJSC “BSW – Management Company of the Holding “BMC” holding». The problem of excessively high level of dynamic loads is especially acute for roughing stands. The main reasons for dynamic overloads are intense transient processes occurring in the rolling cycle, the presence of elastic constraints and gaps in the system, imperfection of electric drive system and errors made during development. Therefore, there is a need for selection of material and manufacturing technology for mill rolls capable to withstand such loads for a sufficiently long period. Investigations of destruction causes of experimental mill roll of stand roughing group of mill 150 of section rolling shop at OJSC “BSW – Management Company of the Holding “BMC” holding were carried out. Main classification features are established based on the analysis of the fracture. The results of metallographic studies of microstructure and chemical composition of central and subsurface zone roll fragments are presented. The reason of destruction of experimental mill roll was discovered – nonconformance of roll material grade with the requirements of technological instructions and normative documentation for rough group of stands No. 1–3
Technical and economic advantages of using elongating mandrel made of forged blank when rolling on a continuous mill with a controlled‑movable mandrel
Authors: Tovsteleva A. I.
Published: December 2021

In the article, the current problem of reducing the cost of pipe‑rolling products, which is especially acute in the world market of metal products high competition conditions is considered. A significant share in the cost of pipe products stands at the cost of rolling tools. Reducing the cost of buying a deforming tool allows you to make considerable savings in the seamless pipes’ production. The article presents: analysis of the economic efficiency of manufacturing long cylindrical mandrels from a semi‑finished product – forged billet at OJSC «BSW – management company of «BMC» holding»; development of the technological process for the production of long mandrels depending on the required size; the results on the manufacture of long cylindrical mandrels from forged billet at OJSC «BSW – management company of «BMC» holding», as well as their industrial tests in the conditions of the pipe rolling shop. A positive result of using long mandrels of the PQF mill made of forged blanks was obtained.
Влияние геометрии и граничных условий в области сцепления материалов на рассеяние ультразвуковых волн. Ч. 2. Особенности экспериментального моделирования
Authors: Baev A. R. , Levkovitch N. V. , Asadchaya M. V. , Mayorov A. L. , Razmyslovich G. I. , Burnos A. Y.
Published: December 2021

Повышение эффективности акустической диагностики объектов со слоистой структурой применительно к выявлению слабо выявляемых дефектов сцепления материалов является важной производственной задачей. Цель работы состояла в экспериментальном моделировании рассеяния ультразвуковых волн на образцах предложенных конструкций имитаторов дефектов с дискретно и плавно изменяющимися граничными условиями, коррелирующими с фазовой характеристикой продольных волн в процессе их взаимодействия с дефектной границей контактирующих материалов.

Проведён краткий анализ некоторых методов и средств экспериментального моделирования рассеяния объёмных и поверхностных волн на границах контактирующих материалов применительно к совершенствованию метода обнаружения слабо выявляемых дефектов сцепления (адгезии) материалов. Для этого разработана и изготовлена иммерсионная установка, работающая в теневом режиме и позволяющая моделировать пространственные поля рассеянных продольных волн на неоднородной или дефектной границе сцепления материалов. Как предполагается, взаимодействующие с такой границей волны приобретают дискретный или плавно изменяющийся фазовый сдвиг, существенно сказывающийся на формировании поля рассеяния в его периферийной зоне. Увеличение же этого сдвига позволяет значительно повысить чувствительность обнаружения слабо выявляемых дефектов.

Проведено экспериментальное исследование рассеяния продольных волн на разработанной установке и имитаторах дефектов, моделирующих дискретно и плавно изменяющиеся граничные условия, которые согласуются с изменением фазового сдвига рассеиваемых волн. Получены амплитудные зависимости поля рассеяния в зависимости от угла их приема в диапазоне от 20º до + 20º и смещения центра моделируемого дефекта относительно оси зондирующего акустического луча. Как установлено, наблюдается качественное соответствие между расчётными и опытными данными.

Настоящие исследования представляют интерес для решения ряда задач по повышению эффективности ультразвукового контроля современных объектов со слоистой структурой и будут способствовать расширению возможностей использования предложенного метода.
Application of Solutions of Uncorrected Tasksʼ Theory for Managing of Production Processesʼ Robustness
Authors: Serenkov P. S. , Romanchak V. M. , Pesliak I. E.
Published: December 2021

The industrial revolution of “Industry 4.0” is currently underway at an active pace. Individualization of provided products and services, transition to single production, the issues of acceptability of production processes at the stage of development and design have became urgent. The aim of this work was to develop a strategy for a fundamental solution to the task of guaranteed acceptability of production processes as an integral quality characteristic.

We have proposed a systematic approach to strategy development. The basis of the approach was the theory of incorrect tasks solving. We adapted signs of correctness of mathematical tasks by J. Adamar to the tasks of ensuring acceptability of production processes (technological and measurement). They were used in the part of identification of properties of display of incorrectness and ways of incorrectnessʼ management.

We have proposed to consider the property of robustness as a generalized index of acceptability for production processes (technological and measurement). We substantiate the equivalence of the concepts of incorrectness of tasks according to J. Adamar and losses of robustness of production processes. We conclude that the developed approaches and techniques of the theory of incorrect tasks can be put in a basis of the system approach to an estimation and management of losses of robustness of production processes. We have  proposed  a  classification  of  situations  of  robustness  losses  in  production  processes in accordance with the classification of the signs of incorrect tasks by J. Adamar.

We have developed a two-step algorithm for ensuring the robustness of production processes at the stage of their development. It included identification of the sources of robustness losses and management of input factors that cause significant variation in process output. This has given a practical implementation of a strategy to guarantee the acceptability of production processes. We have systematized the sources of potential losses in  the  robustness  of  production  processes  and  proposed  a  two-stage  mechanism for managing them. We have justified rational methods of ensuring the robustness of production processes for each stage based on, the practice of uncorrected tasks solving. We have proposed a method for ensuring high efficiency  of  robustness  loss  management  in  certain  situations.  The  principles of G. Taguchiʼs robust redesigning of production processes formed the basis of our method.
Increasing of the Accuracy of Signalsʼ Time Parameters Measuring Using Double Pulse Trains
Authors: Isaev A. V. , Suchodolov U. V. , Sushko A. S. , Sheinikau A. A.
Published: December 2021

In modern diagnostics, much attention is paid to measuring of time parameters, as well as their change over time. The purpose of this work is to develop a method for measuring of time intervals which made it possible to increase the measurement accuracy by reducing errors associated with the instability of main parameters of the pulse signal.

In the most of approaches used, the error associated with the instability of main parameters of signals under study is not enough taken into account. As an alternative, a spectral method is proposed in which the measurement of time intervals, as well as their changes, is performed based on the analysis of pulse sequences formed on the basis of characteristic points of the measured signal. For this a double pulse sequence was considered, an equation for the amplitudes of its spectral components was obtained, and in accordance with this it was determined that the delay time between double pulses is the most informative parameter.

Using the Mathcad software, an analysis of the sensitivity regions was carried out for the change in the main parameters of the pulse sequence, namely the repetition rate, as the main destabilizing factor.

As a result of the implementation of the developed technique, a structural diagram of the measuring system is proposed and an analysis of the measurement error associated with the instability of the main parameters of the pulse sequence is carried out. This error is estimated to be less than 0.01 %.

The considered method makes it possible to increase the accuracy of measuring time intervals due to the almost complete elimination of the influence of the instability of the reference frequency and the amplitude of the generated pulses which is unattainable with modern hardware, including digital signal processing.
Automated Approaches Determine Solids Content in Drilling and Completions Fluids
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: December 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 201368, “Automated Solids-Content Determination in Drilling and Completions Fluids,” by Sercan Gul, SPE, Ali Karimi Vajargah, and Eric van Oort, SPE, The University of Texas at Austin, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, originally scheduled to be held in Denver, 5–7 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Monitoring of low- and high-gravity-solids (LGS and HGS) content and maintaining these at ideal levels is essential for optimal drilling fluid performance, efficient hole cleaning and equivalent-circulating-density management, and prevention of failures of surface and downhole equipment during drilling. LGS and HGS monitoring in the field is currently accomplished using the API retort-kit measurement, which has certain drawbacks and is difficult to automate. In the complete paper, two new approaches are investigated to automate the LGS and HGS content measurements of drilling fluids, which potentially can replace the retort test.

Introduction

The conventional way to characterize LGS and HGS in the field is by using a retort-kit measurement specified in API Recommended Practices 13B-1 and 13B-2. The longevity of these tests is testament to the effectiveness of the API standards and the tests themselves in providing useful and practical field guidance.

Despite their evident success, however, various downsides exist in current solids-content-testing methods. Retort-kit measurements present the following issues:

- Difficulty in obtaining accurate and repeatable test results

- Safety issues associated with laboratory testing at elevated temperatures (over 930°F)

- Interpretive bias issues associated with test results, including the potential for deliberate manipulation of these results

- Difficulty in automating the retort test for improved efficiency and safety

The authors’ opinion is that automating antiquated API test protocols is not a useful practice. They write that a clean-slate approach would be better, in which a determination is made whether solids-content information can be provided in a novel and meaningful way using methods that deviate from standard API recommended practices. In the complete paper, the authors investigate a machine-learning (ML) and data-analytics method for this purpose in combination with a novel inline X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurement method.
Technology Focus: EOR Operations (November 2021)
Authors: Fassihi Reza
Published: December 2021

As the discovery rate of new hydrocarbon resources decreases, the need for more-efficient enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) processes increases. Unlike in the past, however, when the efficiency was defined in terms of maximizing the recovery factor (RF), the new interpretation of efficiency is based on optimizing the balance between RF and the reduction of carbon footprint. This is done through an integrated approach in which both surface and subsurface elements of the oil-production systems are used to determine energy efficiency and carbon footprint of a unit volume of oil produced by EOR methods.

When choosing traditional EOR methods, new innovations may be needed to arrive at new injectant composition to reduce emissions or make the process more efficient. Adding chemicals to the injectant gas to improve the mobility ratio and increase the sweep efficiency is desirable. One example is the use of hydrogels. These are hydrophilic structures that swell when hydrated. Hydrogels are of interest in EOR because of their ability to respond to stimuli such as pH, temperature, light, and ionic strength.

EOR methods that involve use of fresh water are also switching to alternative methods that reduce or remove its usage as part of water sustainability. The produced water could be treated properly to make it suitable for injection. Alternatively, polymers that are effective under high salinity or temperature could be used to deal with injecting saline water. For unconventional reservoirs, waterless fracturing techniques are progressing.

Paper SPE 201609 discusses the application of a reversible hydrogel that can be added to the injected carbon dioxide (CO2) stream in order to make it a more-efficient injectant for EOR and,

hence, create more opportunity for CO2 storage. Paper SPE 202809 deals with utility of new polymers that are suitable for injection into carbonate reservoirs under high-temperature and ultrahigh-salinity conditions. Finally, paper OTC 30437 discusses ways of mitigating safety risks associated with CO2 waterless fracturing in unconventional reservoirs as part of water sustainability as well as prevention of environmental pollution.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 200357 - Fundamental Investigation of Auto-Emulsification of Water in Crude Oil: An Interfacial Phenomenon and Its Pertinence for Low-Salinity EOR by Duboué Jennifer, TotalEnergies, et al.

SPE 205118 - Experimental Design and Evaluation of Surfactant Polymer for a Heavy-Oil Field in South of Sultanate of Oman by Ali Reham Al-Jabri, Petroleum Development of Oman, et al.

SPE 200256 - Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery and the Dilemma of More and Cleaner Energy by Rouhi Farajzadeh, Delft University of Technology, et al.
Streamlined Multidisciplinary Work Flow Assesses Pipeline Slugging
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: December 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 30172, “A Streamlined Multidisciplinary Work Flow for Pipeline-Slugging Assessment,” by Jeff Zhang, Saurav Jha, and Tim Matuszyk, Wood, prepared for the 2020 Offshore Technology Conference Asia, originally scheduled to be held in Kuala Lumpur, 2–6 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

Free spans exist in subsea multiphase pipelines laid over undulating seabed profiles or across continental scarps for offshore field developments. Slug-flow-induced fatigue damage on the free spans can have a significant effect on project economics. Slug-flow assessments can prove time-consuming. The complete paper describes an integrated iterative approach between the flow-assurance and pipeline-engineering disciplines to streamline the work flow based on the value or cost associated with changes in input parameters that affect pipeline fatigue-assessment outcomes.

Slug-Flow Assessment Work Flow

The complete paper further details key goals for each step.

Step 1: Plan Project Slug-Flow Design Requirements. Key to this step is to create a close interface between flow-assurance and pipeline engineers to discuss and align overall timing, critical decisions, and hold points that are required as part of the slug-flow assessment and any specific project-design considerations.

Step 2: Execute Slug-Flow-Prediction Assessment. Slug-flow prediction typically is conducted by engineers using industry-standard multiphase dynamic-flow simulators. The step requires significant time and effort because of long simulation times and large data post-processing requirements.

Step 3: Generate Slug-Flow Interface Data. The two methods typically used for converting flow-assurance slug-flow results into formats that can be used readily by pipeline engineers are the time-history approach and the time-dependent-matrix approach.

Step 4: Execute Slug-Flow Response Assessment. This assessment typically is conducted by pipeline engineers to assess the effects of predicted slug-flow interface data on proposed pipeline con-figuration designs. Industry-standard finite-element-analysis (FEA) tools are used for this step.

Step 5: Finalize Design Through Iteration and Optimization. Where the slug-flow response assessment results show excessive fatigue damage that affects feasibility of the proposed design, iteration and optimization are performed.

Step 6: Consider Operational Monitoring Requirements. Operational fatigue monitoring can be considered if operational restrictions are required or if some level of risk or concern remains with the final design.
The Effect of Faults on the Behaviour of the Earth Dam – Case Study of the Ourkiss Dam
Authors: Beghzim Hassiba , Karech Toufik , Bouzid Tayeb
Published: December 2021

The analysis of the failure due to the effect of the propagation of normal and reversed faults with different angles of inclination and by sliding through the Ourkiss dam isstudied numerically. Mainly at the end of construction and at the highest water level, for this purpose the non-linear finite difference method is used considering four fault angles of inclination, activated at the center of the base of the embankment.The results of the study show that the shear stress values increase with the increase of the vertical base displacement imposed in both conditions of the dam state, and this for both normal and overturned faults.
Liver Histological Abnormalities Were Better Reflected by Virus Level in Chronic Hbv Infected Patients Aged ≤ 30 Years, Hbeag-Positive and Persistently Normal Alt
Authors: Wei Li , Liu Xiaoqing , Tang Qiao , Li Hu , Hu Peng
Published: December 2021

Background: We analyzed correlations between significant liver histological characteristics and clinical variables in HBV-infected patients and provided recommendations on treatment decisions for patients age younger than 30-year-old.Methods: Liver biopsy was performed on 161 chronic HBV-infected patients with ALT ≤ 40 U/L from July, 2000 – November, 2019. Median age was 39(18-70) years old. Histologic assessment was based on the Scheuer scoring system. Results: Significant necroinflammation and fibrosis were observed in 65.2% (105/161) and 52.2% (84/161) patients of all cases. The pathological abnormality was significantly negatively correlated with viral level in HBeAg-positive subjects, and based on ROC curve analysis, the viral level to predict obvious liver pathological changes was 6.7 log10 IU/ml in those patients. Threshold value of ALT (25 U/L) based on the distribution of ALT and virus levels. Patients younger than 30 years old, almost all had significant pathological alteration with HBV-DNA < 6.7 log10 IU/ml; However, the ratio of insignificant liver’s inflammation and fibrosis were 65% and 70% with HBV-DNA levels ≥ 6.7 log10 IU/ml respectively, on that basis, it could have a further rising, reaching 67.5% and 75% combining with ALT ≤ 25 U/L. Conclusion: Viral load was a better factor to reflect hepatic histological abnormality in Chronic HBV-infected patients with HBeAg-positive and persistently normal ALT whose age ≤ 30 years, 5000000 IU/ml was a suitable threshold.
Suicidal Ideation and Risk Reduction Associated with Participation in a Therapist-Supported Digital Mental Health Intervention
Authors: Nelson Benjamin W. , Hornstein Silvan , Viiala Vilma , Gillung Erin , Peiper Nicholas , Forman-Hoffman Valerie L.
Published: December 2021

Background
Suicide is a significant public health concern with increasing prevalence. Novel interventions that reduce stigma and increase accessibility, such as therapist-supported digital mental health interventions, are urgently needed.
Methods
This preregistered retrospective cohort, single-arm, and intent-to-treat study with 778 patients examined suicidal ideation (SI) trajectories using multilevel models during and up to 6-months after an 12-week therapist-supported digital mental health intervention (Meru Health Program [MHP]) as assessed by the ninth item of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Estimates of associated suicide attempts and deaths by suicide were calculated using published data linking PHQ-9-assessed SI to records of suicide attempts and deaths by suicide.
Results
MHP participants reporting SI “not at all” significantly increased between baseline and end-of-treatment (78.02–91.00%). Effect sizes of SI changes between baseline and end-of-treatment, 3-month, and 6-month follow-ups were 0.33 (95%CI=0.27-0.38), 0.32 (95%CI=0.27-0.38), and 0.32 (95%CI=0.27-0.438), respectively. Results also indicated an estimated 30.49% reduction (95%CI=25.15%-35.13%) in suicide attempts and death by suicide across treatment.
Conclusion
This real-world study provides preliminary evidence that participants of the MHP show significant reductions in SI and estimated suicide attempts and deaths by suicide across treatment that are maintained 6-months following treatment. The next steps are to conduct a randomized control trial to confirm these results.
Diagnostic Dilemmas: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Analysis of Adrenal Incidentaloma Pathology Based on Radiographic Size
Authors: Zekan David , King Robert Scott , Hajiran Ali , Patel Apexa , Deem Samuel , Luchey Adam
Published: December 2021

Introduction/Background

Adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) are masses >1 cm found incidentally during radiographic imaging. They are present in up to 4.4% of patients undergoing CT scan, and incidence is increasing with usage and sensitivity of cross-sectional imaging. Most result in diagnosis of adrenal cortical adenoma, questioning guidelines recommending removal of all AIs with negative functional workup. This retrospective study analyzes histological outcome based on size of non-functional adrenal masses.
Material and Methods

10 years of data was analyzed from two academic institutions. Exclusion criteria included patients with positive functional workups, those who underwent adrenalectomy during nephrectomy, <18 years, and incomplete records. AI radiologic and histologic size, histologic outcome, laterality, imaging modality, gender, and age were collected. T-test was used for comparison of continuous variables, and the two-sided Fisher’s exact or chi-square test were used to determine differences for categorical variables. Univariate analysis of each independent variable was performed using simple logistic regression.
Results

73 adrenalectomies met the above inclusion criteria. 60 were detected on CT scan, 12 on MRI, and one on ultrasound. Eight of 73 cases resulted in malignant pathology, 3 of which were adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Each ACC measured >6 cm, with mean radiologic and pathologic sizes of 11.2 cm and 11.3 cm. Both radiologic and pathologic size were significant predictors of malignancy (p=0.008 and 0.011).
Conclusions

Our results question the generally-accepted 4 cm cutoff for excision of metabolically-silent AIs. They suggest a 6 cm threshold would suffice to avoid removal of benign lesions while maintaining sensitivity for ACC.
Mobile-PolypNet : Light-weight Colon Polyp Segmentation Network for Low Resources Settings
Authors: Karmakar Ranit , Nooshabadi Saeid
Published: December 2021

Colon polyps, small clump of cells on the lining of the colon can lead to Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the leading types of cancer globally. Hence, early detection of these polyps is crucial in the prevention of CRC. This paper proposes a lightweight deep learning model for colorectal polyp segmentation that achieved state-of-the-art accuracy while significantly reducing the model size and complexity. The proposed deep learning autoencoder model employs a set of state-of-the-art architectural blocks and optimization objective functions to achieve the desired efficiency. The model is trained and tested on five publicly available colorectal polyp segmentation datasets (CVC-ClinicDB, CVC-ColonDB, EndoScene, Kvasir, and ETIS). We also performed ablation testing on the model to test various aspects of the autoencoder architecture. We performed the model evaluation using most of the common image segmentation metrics. The backbone model achieved a dice score of 0.935 on the Kvasir dataset and 0.945 on the CVC-ClinicDB dataset improving the accuracy by 4.12% and 5.12% respectively over the current state-of-the-art network, while using 88 times fewer parameters, 40 times less storage space, and being computationally 17 times more efficient. Our ablation study showed that the addition of ConvSkip in the autoencoder slightly improves the model’s performance but it was not significant (p-value=0.815).
The Establishment of Transformer-Based Computer-Aided Diagnosis Model to Improve the Classification Consistency of BI-RADS-US3–5 Nodules Among Radiologists: A Multi-Center Study
Authors: Ji Hongtao , Zhu Qiang , Ma Teng , Cheng Yun , Zhou Shuai , Ren Wei , Huang Huilian , He Wen , Ran Haitao , Ruan Litao , Guo Yanli , Tian Jiawei , Chen Wu , Chen Luzeng , Wang Zhiyuan , Zhou Qi , Niu Lijuan , Zhang Wei , Yang Ruimin , Chen Qin , Zhang Ruifang , Wang Hui , Li Li , Liu Minghui , Nie Fang , Zhou Aiyun
Published: December 2021

Background: Significant differences exist in classification outcomes for radiologists using ultrasonography-based breast imaging-reporting and data systems for diagnosing category 3–5 (BI-RADS-US 3–5) breast nodules, due to a lack of clear and distinguishing image features. As such, this study investigates the use of a transformer-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) model for improved BI-RADS-US 3–5 classification consistency.Methods: Five radiologists independently performed BI-RADS-US annotations on a breast ultrasonography image set collected from 20 hospitals in China. The data were divided into training, validation, testing, and sampling sets. The trained transformer-based CAD model was then used to classify test images, for which sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated. Variations in these metrics among the 5 radiologists were analyzed by referencing BI-RADS-US classification results for the sampling test set, provided by CAD, to determine whether classification consistency (the kappa value)，sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy had improved.Results: Classification accuracy for the CAD model applied to the test set was 95.7% for category 3 nodules, 97.6% for category 4A nodules, 95.60% for category 4B nodules, 94.2% for category 4C nodules, and 97.5% for category 5 nodules. Adjustments were made to 1,583 nodules, as 905 were classified to a higher category and 678 to a lower category in the sampling test set. As a result, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of classification by each radiologist improved, with the consistency (kappa values) for all radiologists increasing to >0.60.Conclusions: The proposed transformer-based CAD model improved BI-RADS-US 3–5 nodule classification by individual radiologists and increased diagnostic consistency.