bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALMA–IMF
Authors: Nony T. , Galván-Madrid R. , Motte F. , Pouteau Y. , Cunningham N. , Louvet F. , Stutz A. M. , Lefloch B. , Bontemps S. , Brouillet N. , Ginsburg A. , Joncour I. , Herpin F. , Sanhueza P. , Csengeri T. , Towner A. P. M. , Bonfand M. , Fernández-López M. , Baug T. , Bronfman L. , Busquet G. , Di Francesco J. , Gusdorf A. , Lu X. , Olguin F. , Valeille-Manet M. , Whitworth A. P.
Published: February 2023

Context.The origin of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) and its relation with the core mass function (CMF) are actively debated issues with important implications in astrophysics. Recent observations in the W43 molecular complex of top-heavy CMFs, with an excess of high-mass cores compared to the canonical mass distribution, raise questions about our understanding of the star formation processes and their evolution in space and time.

Aims.We aim to compare populations of protostellar and prestellar cores in three regions imaged in the ALMA-IMF Large Program.

Methods.We created an homogeneous core catalogue in W43, combining a new core extraction in W43-MM1 with the catalogue of W43-MM2&MM3 presented in a previous work. Our detailed search for protostellar outflows enabled us to identify between 23 and 30 protostellar cores out of 127 cores in W43-MM1 and between 42 and 51 protostellar cores out of 205 cores in W43-MM2&MM3. Cores with neither outflows nor hot core emission are classified as prestellar candidates.

Results.We found a similar fraction of cores which are protostellar in the two regions, about 35%. This fraction strongly varies in mass, fromfpro≃ 15–20% at low mass, between 0.8 and 3M⊙up tofpro≃ 80% above 16M⊙. Protostellar cores are found to be, on average, more massive and smaller in size than prestellar cores. Our analysis also revealed that the high-mass slope of the prestellar CMF in W43,α= -1.46-0.19+0.12, is consistent with the Salpeter slope, and thus the top-heavy form measured for the global CMF,α= −0.96 ± 0.09, is due to the protostellar core population.

Conclusions.Our results could be explained by ‘clump-fed’ models in which cores grow in mass, especially during the protostellar phase, through inflow from their environment. The difference between the slopes of the prestellar and protostellar CMFs moreover implies that high-mass cores grow more in mass than low-mass cores.
Research on the contact model between the polishing force and normal displacement in the flexible polishing using ABFW
Authors: ZHANG Junfeng , SHI Yaoyao , LIN Xiaojun , WU Xiaojun
Published: February 2023

抛光力是影响百页轮柔性抛光表面质量和效率的关键参数, 而百页轮和工件的法向位移是影响抛光力的直接因素, 因此建立二者的关系模型十分重要和必要。根据百页轮结构特性建立了其表面磨粒分布函数; 基于弹塑性接触理论得到单颗磨粒作用时抛光力和工件变形量的表达式, 并根据百页轮表面磨粒分布函数建立了抛光力和法向位移的关系模型; 通过仿真和实验对所建立关系模型进行验证。结果表明: 该关系模型可较好地体现柔性抛光过程中抛光力和法向位移的对应关系。
Do Histologically Aggressive Subtypes of Papillary Thyroid
Microcarcinoma have Worse Clinical Outcome than Non-Aggressive Papillary Thyroid
Microcarcinoma Subtypes? A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Zuhur Sayid Shafi , Aggul Hunkar , Avci Ugur , Erol Selvinaz , Tuna Mazhar Müslüm , Uysal Serhat , Akbaba Gulhan , Kilinç Faruk , Catak Merve , Tekin Sakin , Bilen Ogun Irem , Öztürk Beyza Olcay , Erden Ecem Bilgehan , Elbuken Gulsah , Yavuz Halise Cinar , Kadioglu Pinar , Cinar Nese , Kutluturk Faruk , Bayraktaroglu Taner , Topçu Birol , Arslan Aysegul Isal , Gucer Hasan , Cihangiroglu Gulcin , Topal Cumhur Selcuk , Ozturk Tulin , Tekin Leyla , Artas Gokhan , Akcay Elif , Gun Banu Dogan , Altuntas Yuksel
Published: February 2023

Histologically aggressive micropapillary thyroid carcinomas (PTMC) subtypes are
thought to be associated with an aggressive clinical course. However, evidence
for unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with aggressive PTMC subtypes is
not clear. In this study, we intended to determine the difference in clinical
outcomes between patients with aggressive and non-aggressive PTMC subtypes. In
this multicenter cohort study, the computer-recorded clinical and
histopathological data of patients who underwent thyroid surgery between January
2000 - January 2021 in 9 referral centers and were diagnosed as PTMC were
analyzed. A total of 1585 patients [female 1340 (84.5%), male 245
(15.5%), mean age 47.9±11.63 years), with a mean follow-up time
of 66.55±37.16 months], were included in the study. Ninety-eight cases
were diagnosed as aggressive and 1487 as non-aggressive subtypes.
Persistent/recurrent disease was observed in 33 (33.7% )and 41
(2.8%) patients with aggressive and non-aggressive subtypes
(p<0.001). Diseases-free survival rates were markedly lower in patients
with aggressive than in those with non-aggressive PTMC subtypes (66.3 vs.
94.8%, log-rank p<0.001). Moreover, in multivariate analysis,
aggressive histology was an independent predictor of
persistent/recurrent disease, after controlling for other contributing
factors (HR 5.78, 95% CI 3.32–10, p<0.001). Patients
with aggressive PTMC subtypes had higher rates of incomplete biochemical and
structural response than patients with non-aggressive subtypes as well
(p<0.001). Aggressive PTMC subtypes share many characteristics with
histologically identical tumors>1 cm in size. Therefore, the
histopathological subtype of PTMC should be taken into consideration to tailor a
personalized management plan.
A French Real-World Evidence Study Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetic Parameters of rVIII-SingleChain in Patients with Hemophilia A Receiving Prophylaxis
Authors: Guillet Benoit , Hassoun Abel , Wibaut Bénédicte , Harroche Annie , Biron-Andréani Christine , Repesse Yohan , d'Oiron Roseline , Tardy Brigitte , Pan Petesch Brigitte , Chamouni Pierre , Gay Valérie , Fouassier Marc , Pouplard Claire , Martin Cédric , Catovic Hasan , Delavenne Xavier
Published: February 2023

Background rVIII-SingleChain is a recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) with increased binding affinity to von Willebrand factor compared with other FVIII products. rVIII-SingleChain is indicated for the treatment and prevention of bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia A.

Objectives To collect real-world evidence data from patients treated with rVIII-SingleChain to confirm the efficacy and safety established in the clinical trial program and carry out a population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis.

Methods This interim analysis includes data, collected between January 2018 — September 2021, from patients treated with rVIII-SingleChain prophylaxis at French Hemophilia Treatment centers. Data on annualized bleeding rates, dosing frequency, and consumption before and after switching to rVIII-SingleChain were recorded. A population PK analysis was also conducted to estimate PK parameters.

Results Overall, 43 patients switched to prophylaxis with rVIII-SingleChain either from a previous prophylaxis regimen or from on-demand treatment. Following the switch to rVIII-SingleChain, patients maintained excellent bleed control. After switching to rVIII-SingleChain, most patients maintained or reduced their regimen. Interestingly, a majority of patients treated >2 ×/weekly with a standard half-life FVIII reduced both injection frequency and FVIII consumption with rVIII-SingleChain. A PK analysis revealed a lower clearance of rVIII-SingleChain (1.9 vs. 2.1 dL/h) and a longer half-life both in adolescents/adults (n = 28) and pediatric (n = 6) patients (15.5 and 11.9 hours, respectively vs. 14.5 and 10.3 hours) than previously reported.

Conclusions Patients who switched to rVIII-SingleChain prophylaxis demonstrated excellent bleed control and a reduction in infusion frequency. A population PK analysis revealed improved PK parameters compared with those reported in the clinical trial.
Outcome in Childhood Stroke: Comparing Functional Outcome by Modified Rankin Scale with Neurological Outcome by Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure
Authors: Aprasidze Tatia , Shatirishvili Teona , Oesch Gabriela , Lomidze Giorgi , Tatishvili Nana
Published: February 2023

Different scales are used as outcome predictors following arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in children. Pediatric stroke outcome measure (PSOM) gives information about neurological deficits and function and modified Rankin scale (mRS) about functional outcome. Research examining the relationship between the two measures is scarce. The aim of this study is to correlate the two different scales and to get some information on the long course of outcomes according to these outcome measures. Sixty-one children with the diagnosis of AIS and normal neurodevelopment prior to stroke were investigated. Results of outcome measures (PSOM and mRS) from ≥ 2 years of follow-up were analyzed. Changes of neurological deficits (subcategories of PSOM) over time (discharge, 6 months, and ≥2 years) and prognostic impact on the outcome of the Pediatric National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and etiology/risk factors are presented.

Cramer's V with a coefficient of 0.836 (df-1) indicates a strong association between dichotomized total PSOM and mRS scores. The correlation between the total scales was strong (rho = 0.983, p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient was highest for sensorimotor (rho = 0.949, p < 0.001), then for language (rho = 0.464, p < 0.001) and cognitive (rho = 0.363, p = 0.004) subscales. PSOM scores improved at 6 months compared to the discharge state in sensorimotor (p<0.001) and language (p<0.026) domains, however, there was no statistically significant difference between PSOM scores at 6 months and >2 years follow-up. There was no improvement in cognitive PSOM scores during the follow-up period.

There was a high concordance level between the two scales, illustrating that long-term neurological deficits after stroke are related to poor functional outcome. Significant improvement of sensorimotor and language function happened within the period from onset to 6 months of follow-up. Thus, early mobilization of appropriate rehabilitative therapy might improve the outcome. We conclude that both outcome classifications are applicable for assessing outcome after childhood AIS.
Epilepsy Diagnosis Delay in a Tertiary Hospital Center: What Facts, for What Reasons?
Authors: Naji Yahya , Bentaher Hasna , Boudanga Assma , Kissani Najib
Published: February 2023

Objectives Epilepsy remains a public health problem in developing countries, especially in Morocco. This prospective study was performed to expose new data about the time required to diagnose epilepsy in a tertiary hospital center and the main reasons behind its delay.

Methods From January 2018 to December 2019, time from first seizure to diagnosis was acquired from 300 patients using face-to-face interview with pre-established sheet at the neurology department in tertiary hospital center (Marrakech, Morocco).

Results Of the 300 patients, the mean epilepsy diagnosis delay was about 5 years, ranging from 1 month to over 40 years, with an 18 months difference between urban and rural habitation. About 36.4% had a delayed diagnosis of 1 year, 34% delayed by more than 5 years, and 26% delayed above 10 years. The main type of seizures was focal, mainly affecting young male patients. Rural habitation and seizure type impact significantly the delay of diagnosis.

Conclusion This study revealed considerable epilepsy diagnosis delay with a statistically significant impact of rural habitation and seizure type. New and efficient strategies are needed to be developed to reduce the delay in epilepsy diagnosis and improve epilepsy care.
Coordination of cybersecurity risk management in the U.K. insurance sector
Authors: Klumpes Paul
Published: February 2023

The increasing threat of cyberattacks has resulted in increased efforts by both the U.K. government and regulatory authorities to coordinate efforts to influence cybersecurity risk management practices in the U.K. insurance sector, focusing on cyber risk underwriters. This paper provides an evaluation of these arrangements. It first provides a descriptive overview of the key U.K. regulatory authorities and the evolution of their efforts over the past decade, as well as the scope for broader collaborations with industry and member-based associations and international organisations. It then evaluates the effectiveness of these efforts by providing a multi-method study of the incidence, nature and evolution of cost of data breaches, investment in computer systems and software intangible assets at risk of cyberattack, and a content analysis of annual reports of both U.K. regulators and a sample of U.K. insurers. The findings suggest that while both the total costs of data breaches and the size of investment in computer systems and software intangibles at risk of cyberattack have gradually increased over time, the degree of engagement with cyber as a reporting issue by both cyber insurers and financial regulators has not. It is concluded that while these efforts have been apparently successful in avoiding a large-scale, systemic cyberattack on the U.K. insurance industry, there are significant gaps and overlaps in the system of cyber regulatory oversight.
The origin of the ocean’s aerosols
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: February 2023

Framework explains how bubble bursting creates ocean fine spray, which plays an important role in cloud formation.
Deep-sea temperature measurements reveal ocean turbulence patterns
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: February 2023

Ultra-precise measurements collected in the Mediterranean show the interplay of convection and shear-induced turbulence in the deep sea.
Surface and bulk relaxation of vapor-deposited polystyrene glasses
Authors: Yin Junjie , Pedersen Christian , Thees Michael F. , Carlson Andreas , Salez Thomas , Forrest James A.
Published: February 2023

We have studied the liquid-like response of the surface of vapor-deposited glassy films of polystyrene to the introduction of gold nanoparticles on the surface. The build-up of polymer material was measured as a function of time and temperature for both as-deposited films, as well as films that have been rejuvenated to become normal glasses cooled from the equilibrium liquid. The temporal evolution of the surface profile is well described by the characteristic power law of capillary-driven surface flows. In all cases, the surface evolution of the as-deposited films and the rejuvenated films is enhanced compared to bulk and is not easily distinguishable from each other. The temperature dependence of the measured relaxation times determined from the surface evolution is found to be quantitatively comparable to similar studies for high molecular weight spincast polystyrene. Comparisons to numerical solutions of the glassy thin film equation provide quantitative estimates of the surface mobility. For temperatures sufficiently close to the glass-transition temperature, particle embedding is also measured and used as a probe of bulk dynamics, and, in particular, bulk viscosity.
Bio-inspired wake tracking and phase matching of two diagonal flapping swimmers
Authors: Xu Wenhua , Xu Guodong , Li Mingjue , Yang Chen
Published: February 2023

Wake interaction provides hydrodynamic gain and flow-aided navigation in fish schools. The lateral spacing Ly and phase angle Φ relative to upstream wake are two important states for downstream swimmers. In this paper, the lateral wake tracking and phase matching of two diagonal flapping swimmers are studied through experiments. Bio-inspired differential pressure (DP) sensing on the downstream swimmer is adopted to capture the wake interaction features. Two DP sensing strategies, the symmetrical differential pressure (SDP) and leading edge differential pressure (LDP), are employed to capture the wake interaction features. SDP measures the pressure difference of two symmetrical ports on the two sides of the downstream swimmer, and LDP measures the pressure difference of leading edge port against the two side ports. One-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D CNN) with a parallel structure are trained to decode wake interaction states (Ly and Φ) based on DP signals. The 1D CNN model is trained and tested offline and is used to estimate the wake interaction states online. Three demonstrations of online lateral wake tracking and phase matching control are carried out. Compared with SDP, LDP predicts Ly and Φ more accurately. It is found that the downstream wakes are more compact after control, which is consistent with high propulsive efficiency mode.
A new high parallel-field spectrometer at TRIUMF’s β-NMR facility
Authors: Thoeng Edward , McFadden Ryan M. L. , Saminathan Suresh , Morris Gerald D. , Kolb Philipp , Matheson Ben , Asaduzzaman Md , Baartman Richard , Dunsiger Sarah R. , Fujimoto Derek , Junginger Tobias , Karner Victoria L. , Kiy Spencer , Li Ruohong , Stachura Monika , Ticknor John O. , Kiefl Robert F. , MacFarlane W. Andrew , Laxdal Robert E.
Published: February 2023

A new high field spectrometer has been built to extend the capabilities of the β-detected nuclear magnetic resonance (β-NMR) facility at TRIUMF. This new beamline extension allows β-NMR spectroscopy to be performed with fields up to 200 mT parallel to a sample’s surface (perpendicular to the ion beam), allowing depth-resolved studies of local electromagnetic fields with spin polarized probes at a much higher applied magnetic field than previously available in this configuration. The primary motivation and application is to allow studies of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) materials close to the critical fields of Nb metal, which is extensively used to fabricate SRF cavities. The details of the design considerations and implementation of the ultra-high vacuum (UHV) system, ion optics, and beam diagnostics are presented here. Commissioning of the beamline and spectrometer with radioactive ions are also reported here. Future capabilities and applications in other areas are also described.
First-principles study of the structural and electronic properties of tetragonal ZrOX (X = S, Se, and Te) monolayers and their vdW heterostructures for applications in optoelectronics and photocatalysis
Authors: Said Imen , Gueddida Saber , Barhoumi Mohamed , Pascale Fabien , Said Moncef , Lebègue Sébastien
Published: February 2023

Using first-principles calculations, we have studied the structural and electronic properties of ZrOX (X = S, Se, and Te) monolayers and their van der Waals heterostructures in the tetragonal structure. Our results show that these monolayers are dynamically stable and are semiconductors with electronic bandgaps ranging from 1.98 to 3.16 eV as obtained with the GW approximation. By computing their band edges, we show that ZrOS and ZrOSe are of interest for water splitting applications. In addition, the van der Waals heterostructures formed by these monolayers show a type I band alignment for ZrOTe/ZrOSe and a type II alignment for the other two heterostructures, making them potential candidates for certain optoelectronic applications involving electron/hole separation.
Extension of the Shakhov Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook model for nonequilibrium gas flows
Authors: Yao Siqi , Fei Fei , Luan Peng , Jun Eunji , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2023

Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) models are widely used to study rarefied gas dynamics. However, as simplified versions of the Boltzmann collision model, their performances are uncertain and need to be carefully investigated in highly nonequilibrium flows. In this study, several common BGK models, such as the ellipsoidal statistical BGK (ES-BGK) and Shakhov BGK (S-BGK) models, are theoretically analyzed using their moment equations. Then, numerical comparisons are performed between the Boltzmann collision model and BGK models based on various benchmarks, such as Fourier flow, Couette flow, and shock wave. The prediction performance of the ES-BGK model is better than that of the S-BGK model in Fourier flow, while prediction performance of the S-BGK model is better than that of the ES-BGK model in Couette flow and shock wave. However, with increasing Knudsen number or Mach number, the results of both ES-BGK and S-BGK deviate from the Boltzmann solutions. These phenomena are attributed to the incorrect governing equations of high-order moments of BGK models. To improve the performance of the current BGK models, the S-BGK model is extended by adding more high-order moments into the target distribution function of the original one. Our analytical and numerical results demonstrate that the extended S-BGK (S-BGK+) model provides the same relaxation coefficients as the Boltzmann collision model for the production terms of high-order moment equations. Compared with the other BGK models, the proposed S-BGK+ model exhibits better performance for various flow regimes.
Microstructural evaluation in dissimilar liquid phase bonding of cast Al–Si alloy and stainless steel using pure zinc filler metal
Authors: Mohammadi Saeed , Ranjbarnodeh Eslam , Soltanalinejad M. , Nikdehghan Hamed , Pouranvari Majid
Published: February 2023

The metallurgical joining between cast A359 aluminium alloy and AISI321 stainless steel using pure Zn as the interlayer was performed slightly above Al–Zn eutectic temperature. The liquid phase was formed by a eutectic reaction between Al and Zn and subsequently isothermally solidified by diffusion of Zn into the A359 base metal (i.e. reactive transient liquid phase bonding). The formation of a Zn-rich diffusion affected zone in A359, incorporation of Si particles into the bond zone, formation of a thin Al–Fe–Si intermetallic at the steel interface, and isothermal solidification of the liquid phase and subsequent Al–Zn eutectoid transformation govern the microstructure of the joint. The resultant bond microstructure does not deleteriously affect the heat sink function of Al base metal.
Screening for bilayer-active and likely cytotoxic molecules reveals bilayer-mediated regulation of cell function
Authors: Peyear Thasin A. , Andersen Olaf S.
Published: February 2023

A perennial problem encountered when using small molecules (drugs) to manipulate cell or protein function is to assess whether observed changes in function result from specific interactions with a desired target or from less specific off-target mechanisms. This is important in laboratory research as well as in drug development, where the goal is to identify molecules that are unlikely to be successful therapeutics early in the process, thereby avoiding costly mistakes. We pursued this challenge from the perspective that many bioactive molecules (drugs) are amphiphiles that alter lipid bilayer elastic properties, which may cause indiscriminate changes in membrane protein (and cell) function and, in turn, cytotoxicity. Such drug-induced changes in bilayer properties can be quantified as changes in the monomer↔dimer equilibrium for bilayer-spanning gramicidin channels. Using this approach, we tested whether molecules in the Pathogen Box (a library of 400 drugs and drug-like molecules with confirmed activity against tropical diseases released by Medicines for Malaria Venture to encourage the development of therapies for neglected tropical diseases) are bilayer modifiers. 32% of the molecules in the Pathogen Box were bilayer modifiers, defined as molecules that at 10 µM shifted the monomer↔dimer equilibrium toward the conducting dimers by at least 50%. Correlation analysis of the molecules’ reported HepG2 cell cytotoxicity to bilayer-modifying potency, quantified as the shift in the gramicidin monomer↔dimer equilibrium, revealed that molecules producing <25% change in the equilibrium had significantly lower probability of being cytotoxic than molecules producing >50% change. Neither cytotoxicity nor bilayer-modifying potency (quantified as the shift in the gramicidin monomer↔dimer equilibrium) was well predicted by conventional physico-chemical descriptors (hydrophobicity, polar surface area, etc.). We conclude that drug-induced changes in lipid bilayer properties are robust predictors of the likelihood of membrane-mediated off-target effects, including cytotoxicity.
Roadmap on artificial intelligence and big data techniques for superconductivity
Authors: Yazdani-Asrami Mohammad , Song Wenjuan , Morandi Antonio , De Carne Giovanni , Murta-Pina Joao , Pronto Anabela , Oliveira Roberto , Grilli Francesco , Pardo Enric , Parizh Michael , Shen Boyang , Coombs Tim , Salmi Tiina , Wu Di , Coatanea Eric , Moseley Dominic A , Badcock Rodney A , Zhang Mengjie , Marinozzi Vittorio , Tran Nhan , Wielgosz Maciej , Skoczeń Andrzej , Tzelepis Dimitrios , Meliopoulos Sakis , Vilhena Nuno , Sotelo Guilherme , Jiang Zhenan , Große Veit , Bagni Tommaso , Mauro Diego , Senatore Carmine , Mankevich Alexey , Amelichev Vadim , Samoilenkov Sergey , Yoon Tiem Leong , Wang Yao , Camata Renato P , Chen Cheng-Chien , Madureira Ana Maria , Abraham Ajith
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a roadmap to the application of AI techniques and big data (BD) for different modelling, design, monitoring, manufacturing and operation purposes of different superconducting applications. To help superconductivity researchers, engineers, and manufacturers understand the viability of using AI and BD techniques as future solutions for challenges in superconductivity, a series of short articles are presented to outline some of the potential applications and solutions. These potential futuristic routes and their materials/technologies are considered for a 10–20 yr time-frame.
Structural, optical, and electronic properties of boron nitride incorporated mobius carbon nanoribbon: a DFT calculation
Authors: Ahmed Mohammad Tanvir , Islam Shariful , Ahmed Farid
Published: February 2023

The interesting characteristics of Mobius structure inspired this research to study the effect of Boron-Nitride incorporation on Mobius Carbon (M-CX; X = 48, 44, 24, 12, 4, and 0) nanoribbon. The structural stability, vibrational, electronic, and optical properties of M-CX nanoribbons have been studied via density functional theory. The negative formation energy and real vibrational frequency verified the structural stability and natural existence of the M-CX. All the structures showed a high absorption coefficient over 104 cm−1 and a semiconductor-to-insulator transition with decreasing Carbon concentration in the M-CX structure. The M-C48 structure has the maximum reactivity whereas the M-C0 structure is chemically more stable. The observed optical and electronic studies suggest the structures are potential materials for optoelectronic research.
Vacuum decay actions from tunneling potentials for general spacetime dimension
Authors: Espinosa J.R. , Fortin J.-F.
Published: February 2023

The tunneling potential method to calculate the action for vacuum decay is an alternative to the Euclidean bounce method that has a number of attractive features. In this paper we extend the formalism to general spacetime dimension d > 2 and use it to give simple proofs of several results. For Minkowski or Anti de Sitter false vacua, we show that gravity or higher barriers increase vacuum lifetime and describe a very clean picture of gravitational
quenching of vacuum decay. We also derive the thin-wall limit of the action, show how detailed balance for dS to dS transitions works in the new formalism and how to obtain potentials for which the vacuum decay solution can be obtained analytically.
Tideless traversable wormholes surrounded by cloud of strings in f(R) gravity
Authors: Gogoi Dhruba Jyoti , Dev Goswami Umananda
Published: February 2023

We study the tideless traversable wormholes in the f(R) gravity metric
formalism. First we consider three shape functions of wormholes and study
their viabilities and structures. The connection between the f(R) gravity
model and wormhole shape function has been studied and the dependency of the 
f(R) gravity model with the shape function is shown. We also obtain a
wormhole solution in the f(R) gravity Starobinsky model surrounded by a
cloud of strings. In this case, the wormhole shape function depends on both
the Starobinsky model parameter and the cloud of strings parameter. The
structure and height of the wormhole is highly affected by the cloud of
strings parameter, while it is less sensitive to the Starobinsky model
parameter. The energy conditions have been studied and we found the ranges of
the null energy condition violation for all wormhole structures. The
quasinormal modes from these wormhole structures for the scalar and Dirac
perturbations are studied using higher order WKB approximation methods. The
quasinormal modes for the toy shape functions depend highly on the model
parameters. In case of the Starobinsky model's wormhole the quasinormal
frequencies and the damping rate increase with an increase in the Starobinsky
model parameter in scalar perturbation. Whereas in Dirac perturbation, with
an increase in the Starobinsky model parameter the quasinormal frequencies
decrease and the damping rate increases. The cloud of strings parameter also
impacts prominently and differently the quasinormal modes from the wormhole
in the Starobinsky model.
Review of black carbon emission factors from different anthropogenic sources
Authors: Rönkkö Topi , Saarikoski Sanna , Kuittinen Niina , Karjalainen Panu , Keskinen Helmi , Järvinen Anssi , Mylläri Fanni , Aakko-Saksa Päivi , Timonen Hilkka
Published: February 2023

Particulate black carbon (BC) affects global warming by absorbing the solar radiation, by affecting cloud formation, and by decreasing ground albedo when deposited to snow or ice. BC has also a wide variety of adverse effects on human population health. In this article we reviewed the BC emission factors (EFs) of major anthropogenic sources, i.e. traffic (incl. marine and aviation), residential combustion, and energy production. We included BC EFs measured directly from individual sources and EFs derived from ambient measurements. Each source category was divided into sub-categories to find and demonstrate systematical trends, such as the potential influence of fuel, combustion technologies, and exhaust/flue gas cleaning systems on BC EFs. Our review highlights the importance of society level emission regulation in BC emission mitigation; a clear BC emission reduction was observed in ambient studies for road traffic as well as in direct emission measurements of diesel-powered individual vehicles. However, the BC emissions of gasoline vehicles were observed to be higher for vehicles with direct fuel injection techniques (gasoline direct injection) than for vehicles with port-fueled injection, indicating potentially negative trend in gasoline vehicle fleet BC EFs. In the case of shipping, a relatively clear correlation was seen between the engine size and BC EFs so that the fuel specific BC EFs of the largest engines were the lowest. Regarding the BC EFs from residential combustion, we observed large variation in EFs, indicating that fuel type and quality as well as combustion appliances significantly influence BC EFs. The largest data gaps were in EFs of large-scale energy production which can be seen crucial for estimating global radiative forcing potential of anthropogenic BC emissions. In addition, much more research is needed to improve global coverage of BC EFs. Furthermore, the use of existing data is complicated by different EF calculation methods, different units used in reporting and by variation of results due to different experimental setups and BC measurement methods. In general, the conducted review of BC EFs is seen to significantly improve the accuracy of future emission inventories and the evaluations of the climate, air quality, and health impacts of anthropogenic BC emissions.
Seasonal variation of some oceanographic parameters in the Arafura Sea – Gulf of Carpentaria
Authors: Suryadarma M W , Okgareta D , Latuapo N H , Atmadipoera A S
Published: February 2023

The shallow continental shelf of Arafura Sea-Gulf of Carpentaria borders the Torres Strait in the east and the deep Banda Sea in the west, where the monsoonal winds system controls shelf circulation. This study aims to investigate spatial and temporal variation of shelf circulation, surface temperature (SST), seas surface height (SSH), using the multi-datasets of validated model output and satellite-derived data. The model reproduced well the satellite derived SST and SSH (corr.> 0.98). The northwesterly monsoonal winds are fully developed between December and February (NWM period), but the southeasterly winds are intensified during the southeast monsoon (SEM). During the monsoon breaks, the southeasterly-easterly winds are still dominant. The shelf circulation is coincident with the wind direction. During the NMW period the eastward flows from Banda basin and Timor Sea are dominant, creating a clockwise circulation within the Gulf. In contrast, the westward flow dominates during the SEM period, creating an anti-clockwise circulation in the Gulf. Exchange of water via the Torres Strait is also seen. Spatial pattern of temperature and SSH reveal a dissimilarity between the Gulf and the Arafura Sea (99.9% of explained variance) with dominant periodicity of annual and semi-annual scales.
Current status of seagrass condition in coastal waters of Kendari Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Supriyadi I H , Alifatri L O , Kusnadi A , Hafizt M , Lisdayanti E
Published: February 2023

Seagrass is one of the most productive ecosystems in the shallow waters and has a significant role as shelter and nurseries for marine biotas. The coastal region of Kendari has seagrass, mangrove, and coral reef ecosystems. However, this ecosystem tends to be decreasing due to coastal development activities in the coastal area. This study aims to find out the seagrass condition in Kendari from 2015 to 2021. To analyze species composition and seagrass percent coverage the transect method refers to the Guideline of seagrass monitoring was applied. The determination of seagrass conditions refers to the Decree of Indonesia’s state the Minister for the Environment no. 200 of 2004. The extant benthic habitats of seagrass were analyzed using satellite imagery data. Based on the analysis of the area of benthic habitat from the year 2015 to 2021, the data obtained in shows an increase from the year 2015 to 2017, and then decrease the year 2021.There were eight species recorded in the area such as Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rutondata, Cymodocea serrulta, Halophila ovalis, Halodule uninervis, Halodule pinifolia, and Syringodium isoetifolium. Based on its percentage cover four sites of seagrass are classified as “poor” (15%-24%) and two sites are classified as “healthy” (67%) and “less healthy” (59,3%) respectively. Overall, the condition of seagrass in the coastal waters of Kendari is “less healthy”.
The nursery of yellowfin tuna seeds (Thunnus albacares) by increasing light intensity in the rear control system
Authors: Dharma T S , Setiadi A , Gunawan  , Hutapea J H , Zafran
Published: February 2023

The research was conducted at Research Center for Marine Cultivation and Fisheries Extension. The research was executed using nine units of volume tank of 5 m³, with a diameter of 2.7 m and 1 m of the water level. The test animals used were juvenile tuna fish aged 25 days with a length of 3-4cm. This study aims to determine the survival rate and growth rate of yellowfin tuna seeds that are given lighting treatment in indoor rearing. The treatment in this activity is the difference in light intensity, namely A): 700-800 lux, B) 300-400 lux, and C) indoor 50-100 lux. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The experimental design uses randomized groups. The parameters observed were the quality of the seeds, namely the growth and survival of the seeds and the behaviour of the seeds during maintenance. As supporting data, observations were made on the quality of maintenance water (temperature, salinity, DO, and pH). The results showed that treatment A with a light intensity of 700-800 lux provided better survival and growth, followed by treatments B and C, with light intensities of 300-400 lux and 50-100 lux. Survival and growth resulted in treatment (A) resulted in survival (SR) 18.67 ± 1.77%, total length (TL) 6.48 ± 2.36 cm and body weight (BW) 3.52 ± 0, 63 g. The results of statistical analysis on survival of the three treatments were significantly different (P <0.05), while the length growth was not significantly different (P> 0.05) and the weight was significantly different (P<0.05). From the results of research with different lighting in the cultivation environment, the greater the lighting provided, the resulting growth has the better category. Water quality conditions are still within normal limits with differences in light intensity in indoor juvenile tuna nurseries.
Effectiveness of anesthesia solution (2-Phenoxyethanol) in the transportation of brood stock of Perkasa Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Sauvage, 1878)
Authors: Darmawan J , Tahapari E , Pamungkas W
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to obtain the optimal concentration of 2-phenoxy ethanol in the transportation medium for the brood stock candidate of the Perkasa Striped catfish. To determine the optimal concentration of 2-phenoxy ethanol in the transportation medium for the Perkasa Striped catfish brood stock candidate, the study used a completely randomized design with three replications consisting of five levels of treatment with a concentration of 2-phenoxy ethanol, namely 0 (control), 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm. The test fish were Perkasa Striped catfish brood stock candidates weighing an average of 1,000 grams. A plastic bag of 80 x 40 cm was filled with 15 liters of water, 45 liters of oxygen, and 5 fish, and the transport test was carried out in a closed and static way for 12 hours. Parameters observed included survival rate at the end of transportation and on day 7 after transportation, the quality of the media water (dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature), and cortisol level in the blood. The results showed that 100 ppm of 2-phenoxy ethanol was the best concentration for transporting Perkasa Striped catfish brood stock candidates, with a survival rate of 100.0±0.0 percent at the end of transportation and 83.3±28.9 percent on the seventh day after transportation, dissolved oxygen content of 1.47±0.99 mg/L, and blood cortisol levels of 47.85±11.85 g/dL.
Total carotenoid content of Padina sp. seaweed-infused oil with virgin coconut oil
Authors: Wahyuni T , Murdinah
Published: February 2023

Padina sp. seaweed is a species of brown seaweed that grows naturally in Indonesian waters and it is not been optimally utilized. Padina sp. contains bioactive natural carotenoids that can apply as additive ingredients in functional foods and cosmetics field. This study aimed to determine the total carotenoid content in Padina sp. seaweed-infused oil. Seaweed oily extract or Padina sp. seaweed-infused oil was obtained from the filtered maceration of Padina sp. powder using virgin coconut oil as a solvent. Furthermore, the total carotenoid content in Padina sp. seaweed-infused oil, Padina sp. powder and virgin coconut oil as solvent for maceration of Padina sp. were analyzed using the spectrophotometry method. Padina sp. powder and virgin coconut oil without Padina sp. (as control) contained total carotenoid content 2.42±0.32 µg/g and 0.71±0.66 µg/g respectively. Padina sp. seaweed-infused oil had total carotenoid content by maceration process with virgin coconut oil as solvent at a temperature of 65 °C for 1 hour, 3 hours, and 5 hours were 2.73±0.36, 2.18±1.01, and 1.74±1.24 µg/g respectively. Therefore, the total carotenoid content increased in Padina sp. seaweed-infused oil. It could be an opportunity for functional food products and cosmetic ingredients.
Past, present and future prospect on microinjection gene transfer in aquaculture
Authors: Gultom V D N
Published: February 2023

Microinjection is arguably the most direct and reliable gene transfer method to date. Since the development of the first transgenic fish in 1984, microinjection continues to be the most commonly used gene transfer method in aquaculture. Microinjection is used to inject cells, nucleic acid, gene constructs, recombinant DNA, and morpholino oligonucleotides into fish cells, embryos, and larvae. Despite the development of various gene transfer methods, microinjection is preferable. Continuous improvement in micromanipulation tools and micro capillary further develop microinjection method. This review describes the past and present use of microinjection gene transfer methods for genetic manipulation and genetic improvement in fisheries and aquaculture, especially in fish transgenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the future prospects of microinjection method in tandem with recombinant DNA technology and CRISPR-Cas9 and its application in the aquaculture industry.
Solvent selection for extraction of bioactive compound from bekasam with antioxidant and anticholesterol activities
Authors: Rinto  , Widiastuti I , Nugroho G D , Liastri Y
Published: February 2023

Heart disease and hypertension are two of the main causes of human mortality worldwide. Both can be caused by the oxidation of cholesterol, causing plaque and narrow blood vessels. The purpose of this research was to determine the solvent for the extraction of antioxidant and anticholesterol bioactive compounds from bekasam extracts. Bekasam was extracted by polar solvents, i.e., aquabides, methyl alcohol (methanol), and ethyl alcohol (ethanol). The parameters observed in this research were the yield of crude extract, antioxidant assay, lovastatin assay, and peptide profile analysis (SDS-PAGE). The result of this study indicated that the yields of crude extract of bekasam using aquabides, methanol, and ethanol were 17.00%, 9.00%, and 2.83%, respectively. The antioxidant activities of bekasam extracts produced using methanol, ethanol, and aquabidest were 69.09%, 64.09%, and 53.43%, respectively. Lovastatin contents of bekasam extracts produced using ethanol, aquabides, and methanol were 442.53 ppm, 168.67 ppm, and 158.19 ppm, respectively. Peptides were detected on bekasam extract by aquabidest in the range of 5.60-29.26 kD but undetected when extracted using the other solvents.
Assessment of background radiation level in different tourism beach of Bengkayang, West Borneo
Authors: Prihatiningsih W R , Makmur M , Yahya M N , Putra D I P , Priasetyono Y , Jayuska A , Idiawati N
Published: February 2023

Environmental radiation and radioactivity monitoring has become important to investigate to generate a baseline database in Bengkayang Sea-Beach area, West Borneo. There is a need to conduct an environmental monitoring program to determine any change due to radioactivity radiation released from the nuclear installation in case of normal operation or emergency conditions, where Bengkayang is a candidate site of Indonesia’s Nuclear Power Plant. In this study, the background radiation levels have been measured at 9 different tourism beach areas of Bengkayang. Natural background radiation is the main source of radiation for the public of tourism. Calibrated gamma dose monitor were used for the measurement of dose level where reading was taken by placing the survey meter at ground level and at a height of 1 m from the ground (gonad level). The observed background radiation dose rate of 9 beach areas is below the world average. The mean Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AED) is found comparable to other studies. The radiation the population receives due to beach sands mainly results from the time spent on the beach during recreation. The results show that 9 tourism beaches of Bengkayang are considered as safe areas with natural background radiation.
Effect of plasma immersion ion implantation on wear behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Assis Resende Fabrícia , Silva Maria Margareth , de Moares Oliveira Rogerio , Silva Carla , Pichon Luc , Alves Radi Polyana , Gonçalves dos Reis Adriano , Aparecida Pereira Reis Danieli
Published: February 2023

Ti-6Al-4V alloy is ideal for use in the aeronautical and aerospace industries because of its excellent strength/weight ratio and corrosion resistance. However, its applications at high temperatures are vulnerable due to its high affinity for interstitial elements, such as nitrogen and oxygen. The plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technique, performed at high temperature, allows formation of modified layers that can improve the mechanical and tribological properties without compromising the corrosion resistance, which is a characteristic of this alloy. In this work, the samples were treated by PIII at three different temperatures (700, 800, and 900 °C) for 120 min of exposure to evaluate PIII on the mechanical behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy compared to data already available in the literature. The aim of this process is to improve surface mechanical properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The techniques used in this work were x-ray diffraction microhardness, glow discharge optical emission spectrometer, and wear testing in a ball-on-disk tribometer. The results indicate a significantly increased material resistance, with a reduced wear for all treated samples and a reduced friction coefficient for samples treated at 800 and 900 °C. The best results were for alloy treated at 800 and 900 °C, because they maintain the low coefficient throughout the test, which indicates better wear resistance.
Continuum finite element analysis generalizes in vivo trabecular bone microstructural strength measures between two CT scanners with different image resolution
Authors: Guha Indranil , Zhang Xiaoliu , Nadeem Syed Ahmed , Levy Steven M , Saha Punam K
Published: February 2023

Fragility of trabecular bone (Tb) microstructure is increased in osteoporosis, which is associated with rapid bone loss and enhanced fracture-risk. Accurate assessment of Tb strength using in vivo imaging available in clinical settings will be significant for management of osteoporosis and understanding its pathogenesis. Emerging CT technology, featured with high image resolution, fast scan-speed, and wide clinical access, is a promising alternative for in vivo Tb imaging. However, variation in image resolution among different CT scanners pose a major hurdle in CT-based bone studies. This paper presents nonlinear continuum finite element (FE) methods for computation of Tb strength from in vivo CT imaging and evaluates their generalizability between two scanners with different image resolution. Continuum FE-based measures of Tb strength under different loading conditions were found to be highly reproducible (ICC ≥ 0.93) using ankle images of twenty healthy volunteers acquired on low- and high-resolution CT scanners 44.6 ± 2.7 days apart. FE stress propagation was mostly confined to Tb micro-network (2.3 ± 1.7 MPa) with nominal leakages over the marrow space (0.4 ± 0.5 MPa) complying with the fundamental principle of mechanics at in vivo imaging. In summary, nonlinear continuum FE-based Tb strength measures are reproducible among different CT scanners and suitable for multi-site longitudinal human studies.
Ricci-flat Finsler metrics by warped product
Authors: Marçal Patrícia , Shen Zhongmin
Published: February 2023

In this work, we consider a class of Finsler metrics using the warped product notion introduced by Chen et al. [Internat. J. Math. 29 (2018), 1850081], with another “warping”, one that is consistent with static spacetimes. We will give the PDE characterization for the proposed metrics to be Ricci-flat and explicitly construct two non-Riemannian examples.
Order without Victory: International Order Theory Before and After Liberal Hegemony
Authors: McKeil Aaron
Published: February 2023

This article contributes a step towards the consolidation of the wide-ranging intellectual history and rapidly growing literature of international order theory. It traces the development of international order theory across three eras: 1919 and the interwar era; 1945 and the Cold War era; and 1989–1991, the post-Cold War era and rise of the “liberal” order debate. Gathering this history finds that critics in contemporary debates are deploying arguments with a quasi-polemical style similar to those used by E.H. Carr and others in past international order debates. These polemical qualities, it is suggested, may likely make contemporary debates difficult to assess and persistently controversial, even after the contemporary crisis of international order has run its course in practice.