bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnozoology in the mountains. What does the cognitive salience of wild animals tell us?
Authors: Wajner Matias , Tamburini Daniela , Zamudio Fernando
Published: July 2019

In recent times, ethnobiology has revived interest in cognitive aspects of humans’ communities. A concept commonly used in this area is cognitive salience. In this paper we assess the wild animal salience meaning for the rural people from an area of the mountain range of the Córdoba province (Argentina). We also analyzed the relationship of cultural and ecological factors over wild animal domain salience. The values of cognitive salience, perception and cultural value were obtained by means of free lists to 16 collaborators, while semi-structured interviews were used to inquire about local ecological knowledge and ease of observation about wild animals. The interdependence between the five variables elaborated was analyzed through a Principal Components Regression. The results show a qualitative relationship between Cognitive Salience and Cultural Value and a significant correlation between Cognitive Salience and Local Ecological Knowledge. Ease of Observation did not correlate with Cognitive Salience, but show a significant relationship with the Perceived Abundance. The results suggest a complex network of factors that are modeling the cognitive salience and local perceptions over wild animals. In our findings, highlight the Cultural Value given to harmful animals which reflects an increasing pattern in the region, the conflict between rural people and wild animals. In turn a mutual influences and causal feedback loops between cognitive salience and an ecological factor, the Perceived abundance, is proposed. Investigations over cognition and about how people perceived nature can give us an idea of how they act in it, a compelling factor when it comes to cultural and biological conservation issues.
Culturally informed research design issues in a study for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Williams Monnica T. , Reed Sara , Aggarwal Ritika
Published: July 2019

Recent research suggests that psychedelic drugs can be powerful agents of change when utilized in conjunction with psychotherapy. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy has been studied as a means of helping people overcome posttraumatic stress disorder, believed to work by reducing fear of traumatic memories and increasing feelings of trust and compassion toward others, without inhibiting access to difficult emotions. However, research studies for psychedelic psychotherapies have largely excluded people of color, leaving important questions unaddressed for these populations. At the University of Connecticut, we participated as a study site in a MAPS-sponsored, FDA-reviewed Phase 2 open-label multisite study, with a focus on providing culturally informed care to people of color. We discuss the development of a study site focused on the ethnic minority trauma experience, including assessment of racial trauma, design of informed consent documents to improve understanding and acceptability to people of color, diversification of the treatment team, ongoing training for team members, validation of participant experiences of racial oppression at a cultural and individual level, examination of the setting and music used during sessions for cultural congruence, training for the independent rater pool, community outreach, and institutional resistance. We also discuss next steps in ensuring that access to culturally informed care is prioritized as MDMA and other psychedelics move into late phase trials, including the importance of diverse sites and training focused on therapy providers of color.
Motivasi Belajar matematika siswa pondok pesantren modern berdasarkan perbedaan gender: Studi kasus pada siswa Assaadah
Authors: Septiyan Irfan , Pujiastuti Heni
Published: July 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis motivasi belajar matematika siswa pondok pesantren modern berdasarkan perbedaan gender. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kausal komparatif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa Pondok Pesantern Modern Assaadah Kabupaten Serang sebanyak 60 siswa yang terdiri atas 30 laki-lai dan 30 perempuan. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan diantaranya yaitu angket motivasi belajar matematika. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik uji-t. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa rata-rata skor motivasi belajar siswa perempuan berada pada katagori tinggi dengan nilai skor rata-rata berada pada persentase 68%-83% dengan frekuensi jumlah siswa 63,3%  lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan siswa laki-laki yang hanya memiliki frekuensi jumlah siswa 53,3% yang juga berada di katagori motivasi tinggi dengan nilai skor rata-rata berada pada persentase 68%-83%. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan tersebut signifikan. Artinya, dapat disimpulkan bahwa motivasi belajar siswa Pesantren Modern berjenis kelamin perempuan lebih baik dibandingkan laki-laki.Katakunci : Motivasi Belajar, Matematika , Gender, Pesantren Modern
Kemampuan komunikasi dan pengelolaan kelas calon guru matematika
Authors: Kariadinata Rahayu , Juariah Juariah , Hidayat Rahmat , Sugilar Hamdan
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan seberapa besar tingkat pengaruh kemampuan calon guru matematika dalam berkomunikasi dan pengelolaan kelas terhadap hasil dan motivasi belajar siswa serta hubungan antara hasil dengan motivasi belajar matematika siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa prodi pendidikan matematika salah satu universitas di kota Bandung yang telah selesai melaksanakan seminar proposal. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh kesimpulan :  kemampuan calon guru dalam berkomunikasi memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar dengan tingkat korelasi sangat rendah; kemampuan calon guru matematika dalam berkomunikasi memberikan pengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar siswa, dengan tingkat korelasi rendah; kemampuan calon guru matematika dalam pengelolaan kelas memberikan  pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa dengan tingkat korelasi sangat rendah; kemampuan calon guru matematika dalam pengelolaan kelas memberikan  pengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar siswa dengan tingkat korelasi sangat rendah; kemampuan calon guru matematika dalam berkomunikasi dan pengelolaan kelas memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa dengan tingkat korelasi sedang (cukup); kemampuan calon guru matematika dalam berkomunikasi dan pengelolaan kelas memberikan pengaruh terhadap  motivasi belajar siswa dengan tingkat korelasi rendah; tidak terdapat hubungan antara hasil dan motivasi  belajar matematika siswa
Dziedzictwo kulturowe a idea uczenia się przez całe życie. Wybrane doświadczenia krajów europejskich
Authors: Hołuj Dominika
Published: July 2019

The article reviews the literature showing European experiences in executing educational projects using cultural heritage, analyses and aggregates their effects, assesses how the use of heritage increases educational effects and asks whether it contributes to the implementation of other ones. The analysis showed that activities using heritage implement objectives for which the idea of lifelong learning is carried out. The personal development of participants promotes social inclusion, the development of social bonds, civic engagement and the development of entrepreneurial attitudes. Particularly good effects are achieved when working with people from excluded groups, creative people and those interested in culture and history. Regardless of educational effects, projects contribute to the preservation and improvement of cultural heritage.
Za chciwością czy przeciw niej?
Authors: Mizdrak Inga
Published: July 2019

The phenomenon of greed can be investigated from a number of perspectives. Depending on the context, it can manifest itself in almost every aspect of social, economic and cultural life. In an age of exceptional civilisational changes, it is hard to define greed and articulate its defining features. Attempts to redefine greed in economic science are to some extent to blame. Greed is an important factor in boosting economies. In the social sciences, it can be cast as as a natural sign of consumerism.The aim of the paper is to present greed in two contexts: of human subjectivity and various “cracks” caused by greed. Spiritual, volitional, emotional and intellectual layers are destabilised by greed, which is initiated by the subject, thus weeding out the important role of internal self-development (especially in the moral sense). Through the analyses of Erich Fromm, Tomáš Sedláček, Michael Sandel and Benjamin Barber, greed is presented from an economic-ethical-anthropological perspective, and ultimately as leading to the imprisonment of the individual. The analyses also reveal a perspective on interpersonal relations eliminating the possibility of acting collectively on the basis of justice, fair exchange and solidarity.
About the main causes of cracks in-situ cement concrete pavements in joints
Authors: Levkovich Tatiana , Mevlidinov Zelgedin , Fedin Nikita , Mirenkov Pavel
Published: July 2019

In recent years, the use of concrete (cement concrete) bases and coatings of roads and industrial sites has begun to revive in road construction. Employees of the Department of «roads» BGIT together with students for several years under surveillance for cracks in the monolithic cement concrete layers of coatings. The article presents the results of field surveys of cement concrete coatings of highways of the Bryansk region and industrial sites in order to identify the causes of cracks in the expansion joints.

We have examined the sections of roads with cement concrete coating on some plates near the seam and found the formed transverse cracks. They were located mainly along the seam, the maximum opening width reached 5 mm. the Maximum distance from the seam 30 cm. Cracks along the seam were located unevenly and had a diverse shape.

We have also calculated several variants of pavement with cement concrete coating on different bases. As a result of the survey were tested: the coefficient of compaction of the base material, the compressive strength of concrete in the coating plates, the technology of works on the device of coatings and expansion joints in them, as well as the control of the project materials submitted by the design organization, including the project of works.

In conclusion, the following main causes of cracks in monolithic cement concrete coatings of roads and industrial sites can be identified:

errors made in the calculation and design of the pavement structure;
errors made in the calculation of the length of the plates, the appointment of reinforcing bars in the seams;
errors in the construction of cement concrete pavement construction organization (if device transverse control joints and expansion joints in compression, buckling and longitudinal).

The study material is generalized, road and construction organizations are given recommendations for the elimination of cracks, some measures to prevent their occurrence are indicated.
Architecture of contemporary pedestrian bridges made of fiber-reinforced composite materials
Authors: Strugac Alexander , Trifonov Andrey
Published: July 2019

Composite materials are often used in the construction industry nowadays. Including such industries as construction of bridges – unique structures. Today it is possible to produce from FRP not only separate bridge parts and single structural elements, but also entire span structures and one-piece composite bridges made as a monoblock element.

The architecture of contemporary footbridges built with the use of fiber reinforced composite plastics in recent decades is being studied and analyzed in the article. The case-study examines the history of plastic composites as structural materials and the trends and evolution of the design of plastic products. The paper proposes a classification of modern pedestrian bridges made of fiber reinforced composites (based on a combination of innovation in the use of materials and in the design).

The following three classes are distinguished: composite materials + traditional design; composite and traditional materials + hybrid design; composite materials + new design.

The most recent examples of objects belonging to each of the three groups identified in the classification were reviewed and analyzed in course of the study (including contemporary Russian examples of composite pedestrian bridges).

Particular attention is paid to the most advanced technologies, such as 3D-printing of composite bridges, as well as a number of other contemporary experimental production methods. The experience of scientists and manufacturers from Germany, Spain, Great Britain, China and other regions of the world has been studied.

Further research and application of modern fiber-reinforced composites in combination with the latest production technologies of 3D-printing and computer parametric design can contribute to the development of modern bridge construction, which would be helpful for expanding the typology of structures and improving the design of new structures.
EVALUATION OF DISTAL FOREARM FRACTURES USING THE AO 2018 CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Nogueira Alysson Figueiredo , Moratelli Lucas , Martins Marcela dos Santos , Iupi Ricardo Torres , Abreu Marcos Felipe Marcatto de , Nakamoto João Carlos
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: Distal forearm fractures are among the most common upper limb fractures in all ages, and many classifications have been proposed to describe them. Recently, a new version of AO/OTA classification was proposed. The aim of this study is to use the AO/OTA 2018 classification to report the epidemiology of distal forearm fractures in adults treated at a single center. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the initial radiographs obtained from cases of distal forearm fractures in an orthopedic emergency room at a single tertiary hospital. Results: Three hundred twenty-two cases were studied, aged 50.35 ± 18.98 years, 55.3% were female and 44.7% were right-sided. Type 2R3A, 2R3B and 2R3C fractures corresponded to 32.3%, 18.0% and 48.4% of the cases, respectively. Distal ulnar fracture was present in 41.9%. There was a correlation between age and sex: 78.3% of the subjects aged under 30 years were male, and 80.6% of those aged over 60 years were female (p<0.001). Conclusion: The most common type of radial fractures was 2R3C, and the most common type of ulna fracture was 2U3A1.1. There was a correlation between age and sex. Level of evidence IV, Case-series.
PENSAR A ARTE NA ANÁLISE DE DISCURSO: UMA ANÁLISE N'O FANTASMA DA LIBERDADE
Authors: Brum Janaina Cardoso
Published: July 2019

Resumo A fim de pensar o estatuto da arte a partir da Análise de Discurso (AD), este artigo empreende a teorização do regime estético das artes como Formação Discursiva Estética (FDE). Para exemplificar o funcionamento dessa FD em torno do questionamento das evidências e do estabelecimento do equívoco como modo mesmo de produção de sentidos, lança mão da análise de uma sequência do filme O Fantasma da Liberdade, escrito por Luís Buñuel e Jean-Claude Carrière, representativa da posição-sujeito surrealista. Nessa sequência, pelo surgimento do absurdo, os sentidos de fantasma e liberdade respondem a uma multiplicidade que é característica do discurso artístico estético, tal como surge na FDE, estabelecendo-se a polissemia como processo dominante, mesmo no seio dos processos parafrásticos.
PRÁTICA CIENTÍFICA NA ESCRITA DE PROFESSORA
Authors: Silva Wagner Rodrigues
Published: July 2019

Resumo Este artigo investiga autorrepresentações produzidas por uma professora de escola básica em uma dissertação de mestrado profissional para professoras de português como língua materna no território brasileiro. A partir das representações identificadas, a construção do letramento científico da educadora na pós-graduação profissional é problematizada. O trabalho se configura como um estudo de caso sob a perspectiva indisciplinar da Linguística Aplicada, delineado pela problematização da cultura científica legitimada e pela análise linguística do documento selecionado. Os resultados mostraram a predominância da autorrepresentação de pesquisadora alinhada a teorias linguísticas apropriadas na pesquisa e desdobrando-se, portanto, na reprodução de um modelo de letramento científico dominante característico da pós-graduação acadêmica.
Efficiency of ODI and APDI of Kim’s cephalometric analysis in a Latin American population with skeletal open bite
Authors: Caballero-Purizaga Paola Janett , Arriola-Guillén Luis Ernesto , Watanabe-Kanno Gustavo Adolfo
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this research was to demonstrate the efficiency of the overbite depth indicator (ODI) and the anteroposterior dysplasia indicator (APDI) from Kim’s cephalometric analysis, regarding the determination of the vertical and sagittal patterns of Latin American individuals. Methods: Two hundred lateral cephalometric radiographs were selected and divided into four study groups, with 50 radiographs each, for carrying out a cross-sectional study. The control group included radiographs of balanced individuals, and the other three groups had lateral cephalometric radiographs of subjects with Class I, II and III malocclusions and with skeletal open bite. After the pilot test was performed to calibrate the investigator, the ODI and APDI were measured. Descriptive statistics were performed and the one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD, or Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test were used. Also a multiple linear regression was employed. Results: Statistically significant differences were found for the ODI of all groups (p< 0.001), except between Class I group (65.87 ± 4.26) and Class II open bite group (67.19 ± 3.58), both with similar values to each other. For APDI, statistically significant differences were also found for all groups (p< 0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the balanced group (83.18 ± 1.71) and Class I group with skeletal open bite (81.78 ± 2.69). Conclusions: ODI and APDI are reliable indicators to evaluate the sagittal and vertical patterns of an individual, demonstrating their efficiency when a Latin American population was evaluated.
Tooth extractions in Orthodontics: first or second premolars?
Authors: Araújo Telma Martins de , Caldas Luciana Duarte
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT Tooth crowding and protrusions demand rigorous attention during orthodontic planning that includes the extraction of first and second premolars. Some characteristics, such as dentoalveolar bone discrepancies, maxillomandibular relations, facial profile, skeletal maturation, dental asymmetries and patient cooperation, are important elements of an orthodontic diagnosis. This study discusses the options of treatments with extractions and describes the correction of a Class I malocclusion, bimaxillary protrusion, severe anterior crowding in both dental arches and tooth-size discrepancy, using first premolar extractions.
Emotional and behavioral problems: a school-based study in southern Brazil
Authors: Bach Suelen de Lima , Molina Mariane Lopez , Amaral Paulinia Leal do , Reyes Amanda Neumann , Jansen Karen , Silva Ricardo Azevedo da , Motta Janaína Vieira dos Santos
Published: July 2019

Abstract Introduction Mental health assessment in childhood needs to be carried out within a broader context that includes different factors. Objective To assess the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in schoolchildren and associated factors. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with a school-based sample at 20 schools selected by systematic random sampling. Participants consisted of children aged 7-8 year old and their parents or primary caregivers. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to screen for the presence of emotional and behavioral problems in children. Results A total of 596 dyads were evaluated. The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems was 30.0% among boys and 28.2% among girls. Hyperactivity/inattention were more prevalent among boys (p=0.015). Belonging to economically disadvantaged strata increased the likelihood of emotional and behavioral problems among schoolchildren by 71% (p=0.001), while having parents or caregivers with mental disorder increased by 2.2 times that probability (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings showed a high prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems among schoolchildren, as well as the influence of economic conditions and of the mental health of parents and caregivers on child mental health.
Antibodies anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum in backyard pigs from the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Minetto Make Kawatake , Witter Rute , Oliveira Anderson Castro Soares de , Minetto João Augusto , Barros Marcelo Luís , Aguiar Daniel Moura de , Pacheco Richard de Campos
Published: July 2019

Abstract To estimate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum, using an indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA), and identify the risk factors associated, serum samples were collected from 1,070 pigs from 320 backyard pig farming in the of Mato Grosso state. The animal-level seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum was 32.48% and 13.49%, respectively, with a herd seroprevalence of 55.63% for T. gondii and 27.81% for N. caninum. Feeding the animals with leftovers increases the probability of the presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in pigs by 1.09-fold. Unlike to T. gondii, feeding with leftovers was found to be negatively associated with N. caninum seropositivity in farm-level analysis and in the animal-level model, so decreasing the chances of positivity. Yet, age was considered a risk factor for N. caninum seropositivity. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of T. gondii infection on backyard pig farming production, and its importance as a source of toxoplasmosis infection in humans in the Mato Grosso state, as well as, the role of domestic pigs in the epidemiology of neosporosis.
Fatal parasite-induced enteritis and typhlocolitis in horses in Southern Brazil
Authors: Bianchi Matheus Viezzer , Mello Lauren Santos de , Wentz Maria Fernanda , Panziera Welden , Soares João Fábio , Sonne Luciana , Driemeier David , Pavarini Saulo Petinatti
Published: July 2019

Abstract Diseases related to the alimentary system are the main cause of death in horses. This retrospective study aimed to describe the pathological findings of fatal parasite-induced enteritis and typhlocolitis caused by cyathostominae, Eimeria leuckarti, Balantidium coli, and Strongyloides westeri in horses. The records of parasite-induced intestinal lesions in horses necropsied in Southern Brazil between 2005 and 2017 were reviewed. Ten horses had fatal parasitic enteritis and/or typhlocolitis, and the main causes were: cyathostominae typhlocolitis (6/10), E. leuckarti enteritis (1/10), S. westeri enteritis (1/10), B. coli colitis related to cyathostominae (1/10), and infection by multiple agents (1/10). Cyathostominae typhlocolitis showed marked mucosal thickening, with multifocal elevated nodules containing tangled filiform parasites. Microscopic examination revealed that the mucosa and submucosa had encysted parasitic structures surrounded by eosinophilic and granulomatous inflammation. E. leuckarti enteritis was microscopically characterized by macrogamonts, microgamonts, and oocysts inside the host cells. S. westeri enteritis showed microscopic atrophy of the villi with numerous mucosal encysted parasitic structures. B. coli typhlocolitis showed severe diffuse mucosal reddening, with microscopic superficial mucosal necrosis associated with multiple protozoan trophozoites. Fatal parasite-induced enteritis and typhlocolitis are important causes of death in horses in Southern Brazil.
The impact of smart city technologies: lessons from three UK cities
Authors: Ersoy Aksel
Published: July 2019

The concept of smart city has been discussed widely in the academia and policy terms, mainly referring to the ways in which cities can be managed more efficiently. Nevertheless, the real implications of smart technologies in urban practice often remain unexplored. Today, especially, not much is known about the challenges of smart city implementation in the context of the built environment. In order to demystify the concept of the smart city, this paper uses three UK cities, namely Bristol, Manchester and Milton Keynes, to report on how smart city ideas are designed in practice. The result of this paper gives some ideas towards the challenges of integrating technological and social innovation by providing real-life processes on the ground.
Пенсионная реформа–2019: детерминанты, последствия, альтернативы
Authors: Иванов Сергей Феликсович
Published: July 2019

В статье с помощью демографических методов анализируются обоснование и последствия реформы российской распределительной пенсионной системы. Реформа будет выгодна для госбюджета, но ценой больших непредусмотренных социальных издержек. В противоположность официальной позиции, условия смертности не благоприятствуют увеличению пенсионного возраста. Ссылка на падающий демографический коэффициент поддержки создает обманчивое представление о срочности увеличения пенсионного возраста. Начатое быстрое и большое повышение пенсионного возраста обеспечит значительное сокращение обязательств Пенсионного Фонда России, чего, однако, будет далеко не достаточно для балансирования его бюджета. Реформа создает принципиально новую и трудноразрешимую задачу обеспечения права на труд лиц, лишившихся права на пенсию. В той мере, в какой эту задачу решить удастся, Пенсионный Фонд России и госбюджет будут пополняться дополнительными поступлениями. Вместе с тем в той мере, в какой эта задача останется нерешенной, возникнет и будет воспроизводиться социальная группа лиц старших возрастов, лишенных дохода. В течение ограниченного времени их существование будет обеспечено пособиями по безработице. Россия обладает масштабными альтернативными ресурсами разрешения пенсионной проблемы, которые состоят, среди прочего, в повышении собираемости пенсионных отчислений, производительности труда и занятости населения, а также в развитии накопительных форм пенсионного страхования.
Induction of Type 1 Diabetes, Myocardial Infarction, Echocardiography, Measurement of Blood Glucose and Tissue Weights v1
Authors: Hill Michael
Published: July 2019

Summary: This protocol presented an induction of Type 1 Diabetes, and myocardial Infarction, performed an evaluation of in vivo residual LV function by echocardiography, and measurement of blood glucose and tissue weights of rats. Diabetic Complication:
Ablation of ß-cells in Tg(ins:NTR-mCherry) transgenic zebrafish using metronidazole v1
Authors: Rieger Sandra
Published: July 2019

Summary: To induce hyperglycemia in larval zebrafish, utilize a genetic β-cell ablation system involving the Tg(ins:NTR-mCherry) transgenic zebrafish strain (courtesy of Dr. Michael Parsons, Johns Hopkins University). This strain expresses the bacterial enzyme Nitroreductase (NTR), which is encoded by the nfsB gene, in β-cells of the pancreas starting around 24 hours post fertilization (hpf). Because NTR is genetically fused to the red fluorescent protein mCherry, β-cells expressing NTR can be visualized with fluorescence microscopy. Upon addition of the prodrug metronidazole (MTZ) to the embryo medium, NTR converts MTZ into a toxin, which selectively ablates NTR-expressing β-cells (Curado et al., Nature Protocols 3, 948-954 (2008). This can be monitored by the disappearance of the fluorescence under a confocal microscope. Diabetic Complication:
Prepare NGM plates with Amphotericin B v4
Authors: Cancer UK / Wellcome Gurdon Institute media kitchen Research
Published: July 2019

Prepare NGM plates with amphotericin B From "https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/15290026?SID=srch-srp-15290026": "Amphotericin B is the generic version of Fungizone. "Fungizone" is a trademark of E.R. Squibb & Sons, LLC. Amphotericin B prevents the growth of fungi by causing an increase in fungal plasma membrane permeability. Gibco Amphotericin B is used to prevent the contamination of cell cultures by yeast and multicellular fungi. Gibco Amphotericin B contains 250 µg of amphotericin B and 205 µg of sodium deoxycholate per mL of distilled water. The recommended working concentration ranges from 0.25 to 2.50 µg/mL."
Delitos de fe y la transformación idolátrica de los naturales novohispanos
Authors: Encontra y Vilalta María José
Published: July 2019

El siguiente artículo presentará un proceso de idolatría realizado durante el siglo XVIII, mostrando que las políticas de evangelización aplicadas desde 1521 no fueron totalmente exitosas, provocando en cambio, una amalgamación y sincretismo religioso que fue utilizado por algunos grupos indígenas para revertir el poder político de las autoridades virreinales, fusionando con ello diferentes delitos de tipo religioso que se mezclaron a su vez, con las jurisdicciones civiles.
Preliminary Test Estimators and Confidence Intervals for the Parametric Functions of the Moore and Bilikam Family of Lifetime Distributions Based on Records
Authors: Chaturvedi Ajit , Kang Suk-Bok , Malhotra Ananya
Published: July 2019

We consider two measures of reliability functions namely R(t)=P(X>t) and P=P(X>Y) for the Moore and Bilikam (1978) family of lifetime distributions which covers fourteen distributions as specific cases. For record data from this family of distributions, preliminary test estimators (PTEs) and preliminary test confidence interval (PTCI) based on uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator (UMVUE), maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), empirical Bayes estimator (EBE) are obtained for the parameter. The bias and mean square error (MSE) (exact and asymptotic) of the proposed estimators are derived to study their relative efficiency and through simulation studies we establish that PTEs perform better than ordinary UMVUE, MLE and EBE. We also obtain the coverage probability (CP) and the expected length of the PTCI of the parameter and establish that the confidence intervals based on MLE are more precise. An application of the ordinary preliminary test estimator is also considered. To the best of the knowledge of the authors, no PTEs have been derived for R(t) and P based on records and thus we define improved PTEs based on MLE and UMVUE of R(t) and P. A comparative study of different methods of estimation done through simulations establishes that PTEs perform better than ordinary UMVUE and MLE.
Ureteral tumors. Complex clinical cases
Authors: Bokovoj Sergej P. , Zverev Yurij A.
Published: July 2019

The article presents two difficult for the diagnosis and treatment of clinical cases of urothelial tumors — ureteral adenocarcinoma and bilateral ureteral tumors.
Uma escola para a independência e para a responsabilidade: o Jardim Infantil Pestalozzi
Authors: Pessoa Ana María
Published: July 2019

O Jardim Infantil Pestalozzi (1955-…) é uma escola de ensino particular, em Lisboa. Este artigo dá conta da investigação que sobre ele está a ser feita no âmbito do projeto INOVAR – Roteiros da inovação pedagógica: escolas e experiências de referência em Portugal no século XX, financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) desde maio de 2016. O projeto pretende identificar e caracterizar um conjunto de escolas e experiências inovadoras, criadas em Portugal ao longo do século XX. A análise de diferentes práticas, paradigmas pedagógicos e metodologias representativas de formas de escolarização alternativas que, então ou ainda hoje caracterizam essas instituições, são outros dos objetivos do projeto. Como fontes para este artigo foram utilizadas diversas publicações e materiais produzidos pela escola, a extensa documentação de arquivo (planos de atividades, relatórios, cartas, atas, imprensa escolar, fotografias, documentos audiovisuais, …) e testemunhos orais.
Antón Alonso Ríos en Gondomar
Authors: Méixome Quinteiro Carlos
Published: July 2019

Viaxe posíbel arredor da figura de Antón Alonso Ríos.
O legado sonoro de Jacinta Landa Vaz. Galiza, Portugal e Estremadura
Authors: Bolaño Amigo Uxía
Published: July 2019

Reseña do livro: José Luis Do Pico Orjais; Domingos Morais; Pilar Barrios Manzano (2017), O legado sonoro de Jacinta Landa Vaz. Galiza, Portugal e Estremadura.
A study on role of intramedullary interlocking nailing in the complex femoral shaft fractures
Authors: Kumaran Veera , . Sachidhanandham
Published: July 2019

Background: Fractures of the shaft of the femur are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who sustain high energy trauma. Morbidity arises from limb shortening, malalignment, knee contractures and other complications of fracture.

Methods: The aim of our study is to analyze the results of complex femoral shaft fractures treated by intramedullary interlocking nailing in our institution. Totally 20 cases of complex femoral fractures from 2007-2009 were treated with intramedullary interlocking at Krishanakumar Orthopedic Care Hospital, Nagercoil were included in our study.

Results: We found that fracture of femur is most common in 2nd, 3rd and 4th decade of life, with mean age of 35.85 years. Vehicular accident in 17 patients was observed to be the main cause of fracture in our series (85%). 4 patients started full weight bearing at 10th week, 9 patients were able to bear full weight at 12th week, 4 patients at 14th week and 2 at 16th week. Average time of full weight bearing was 12.4 weeks. One patient developed deep infection (osteomyelitis) at 12 weeks and later non union was seen and unable to bear full weight.

Conclusions: Intramedullary interlocking nailing for complex femoral fractures has been established worldwide as the gold standard treatment because of its load sharing property, internal splinting, and rotational stability. These contribute the stable osteosynthesis.

 
Representações Sociais de Família para Adolescentes Institucionalizados em um Município Norte Fluminense
Authors: Maciel Vieira Isabela , Mantuan dos Santos Coutinho Sabrine
Published: July 2019

A discussão sobre a importância da família para o desenvolvimento e constituição do indivíduo não é recente, e essa relevância por certo não pode ser ignorada. Entretanto, há muitas famílias que não conseguem conceder a proteção e cuidados necessários por motivos diversos, o que faz com que a institucionalização de crianças e adolescentes constitua realidade recorrente no cenário brasileiro contemporâneo. Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar representações sociais de família para adolescentes institucionalizados de um município do norte fluminense. Foram entrevistos 10 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 14 e 17 anos, e os resultados indicam que, para esses, a ideia de família está diretamente ligada à composição do grupo e de suas funções, o que leva a crer que tais elementos, provavelmente, fazem parte da representação de família. Os dados ainda mostram que o laço consanguíneo é apenas uma característica do grupo familiar e não é determinante do mesmo, sendo enfatizadas as relações afetivas desenvolvidas com outras pessoas sem vínculo de parentesco. O número reduzido de participantes inviabiliza a generalização dos resultados; contudo, trazem indicações de como esse grupo de adolescentes significam o objeto família.
Bioética: una estrategia más allá de una política de paz
Authors: Rodríguez-Artavia Allan
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo, se encamina al análisis y reflexión de los efectos de las estrategias adoptadas por los países latinoamericanos en la formulación de políticas públicas que permiten consignar y perpetuar diferentes actuares desde el constructo de nación que cada país ha pretendido alcanzar.Para ello tomando en consideración distintos documentos e informes presentados por organismos como la CEPAL, Banco Mundial, Naciones Unidas, entre otros, se plantea el cómo desde los resultados obtenidos para los distintos indicadores, las políticas suscitadas desde los países de Latinoamérica proyectan un panorama que se aleja de la visualización y construcción positiva del concepto de paz (equilibrio y la estabilidad de la unidad).Para ello, se ofrece como medio y alternativa de reposicionamiento, la vinculación de la reflexión bioética a la construcción del planteamiento político, esto como un mecanismo que enlace las necesidades presentadas desde los indicadores país con las propuestas de cambio y mejora que desde las acciones políticas deben de presentarse.Se concluye que mientras se mantenga el distanciamiento entre la reflexión (bio) ética, y las acciones que desde la política pública se deben encaminar en las distintas áreas, complejo será el cambiar la presente realidad latinoamericana y de país hacia la concepción amplia del concepto de paz que desde su equilibrio y estabilidad interior logren la no violencia o guerra con el otro.
El giro epistemológico en bioética
Authors: Casasola Rivera Wilmer
Published: July 2019

El artículo discute la importancia de considerar un giro epistemológico en bioética, que implica discutir adecuadamente la interpretación del concepto bioética,  exponer aspectos básicos del por qué la bioética requiere fundamentar su autonomía en cuanto a conocimiento, especificar su objeto de estudio y demarcar el procedimiento metodológico para producir y enunciar conocimientos, así como discutir la insuficiencia del principialismo como marco de referencia para hacer bioética. Por otra parte, el artículo relaciona el giro bioético y sus implicaciones políticas y  la forma cómo se argumenta y evalúa en bioética una investigación científica.
La Bioética, garante de no violencia
Authors: Wilches Flórez Ángela María , Vargas-Hernández Nazly
Published: July 2019

El presente documento hace una reflexión, que tiene como eje articulador a la bioética en la construcción del nuevo ciudadano que necesita Colombia. Esto a propósito de los acontecimientos que surgen con la firma y puesta en marcha del proceso de paz, que se adelanta en el país, ya que se requiere con urgencia la formación de nuevos colombianos que harán parte de una sociedad y una cultura reconstruida y que estarán en capacidad de abordar los retos que se tendrán en Colombia para lograr una convivencia en paz.

En el desarrollo del documento se abordarán aspectos para vincular a la bioética con la formación de ciudadanos que sean capaces de vivir armónicamente entre sí, a pesar de la diversidad de opinión, cultura, ideas políticas y creencias religiosas que tengan. Colombianos responsables y comprometidos en la reconstrucción del país y en la búsqueda de caminos de cooperación social. Hombres y mujeres que puedan convivir en equilibrio con la naturaleza, reconociendo que hacen parte del ecosistema y, por lo tanto, que muestren respeto por el entorno en que viven. Asimismo, se enfatiza en la necesidad de poner en práctica los enunciados de la Declaración Universal sobre Bioética y Derechos Humanos de la Unesco, como también los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible, al igual que propuestas de importantes pensadores contemporáneos que han hecho grandes aportes en la búsqueda de la paz mundial, como es el caso de Nelson Mandela, entre otros.
Conocimientos sobre cuidados paliativos en un grupo de enfermeras en México
Authors: Ortega-Guerrero Denise , Ortega-Cantero Jonathan-Agustín , Guerrero-Castañeda Raúl-Fernando
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: evaluar los conocimientos que tiene el personal de enfermería del Hospital General Celaya sobre cuidados paliativos. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, observacional y transversal, llevado a cabo entre octubre del 2017 y enero del 2018 en un hospital de segundo nivel, en las áreas de medicina interna, unidad de cuidados intensivos, cirugía y urgencias, en las que se atienden pacientes con necesidad de cuidados paliativos; muestreo de tipo consecutivo con 40 enfermeras. Se utilizó el Cuestionario sobre conocimientos en cuidados paliativos por el personal de salud, de 34 ítems con respuesta de tipo dicotómica: verdadero o falso. Se respetaron los principios bioéticos para investigación en seres humanos y se mantuvo el anonimato de los participantes. Se calculó la media de respuestas correctas, su porcentaje y ANOVA para diferencia entre grupos. Resultados: en los conocimientos sobre cuidados paliativos, los participantes obtuvieron una media de respuestas correctas de 22,30 (mínimo de respuestas correctas = 16, máximo de respuestas correctas = 27) y un 65,58 % del conocimiento en cuidados paliativos. El porcentaje de conocimiento en cuidados paliativos más alto se obtuvo en la dimensión Familia (83,5 %) seguido de Espiritualidad (83,12 %); en cambio, la dimensión Conocimientos diversos fue la más baja con un promedio de respuestas correctas del 55,83 %. En cuanto a la media de respuestas correctas la más alta estuvo en la dimensión Familia (4,17) y la más baja en Conocimientos generales (2,92). Conclusiones: las enfermeras participantes poseen un conocimiento que puede mejorarse; sin embargo, es necesaria la formación en cuidados paliativos desde la educación básica hasta la de especialización.
Anorexia NervIosa en la adolescencia: diagnóstico, bases neurológicas, moleculares, y órgano blanco
Authors: Calderón Ortiz Bertha Patricia
Published: July 2019

La anorexia nerviosa (AN) en el adolescente es un diagnóstico difícil, que ha tenido reevaluación continua en sus criterios diagnósticos sugestivos de este trastorno alimentario, como presentar un peso inferior al normal del mínimo teniendo en cuenta lo normal por la edad y la altura, el cual estaba deinido en la Cuarta edición del Manual de los Trastornos mentales (DSM -IV) y han sido modiicadas por el grupo de trabajo del DSM -5. Esta patología es parte de una amplia gama de componentes desde el punto de vista de la neuroconducción: componentes perceptual, afectivo y cognitivo. El componente perceptual registra en la red del lóbulo parietal posterior, involucrado cuando hay una visualización distorsionada de la imagen del cuerpo; en el componente afectivo, el papel principal está vinculado a la red de la corteza prefrontal, la ínsula y la amígdala; las imágenes distorsionadas que se generan en los pacientes con AN restrictiva sugieren un menor control de las emociones como una manifestación de la inhibición reducida de la corteza prefrontal.
Los principales sistemas que inluyen en la percepción, el estado de ánimo y la personalidad de los pacientes con anorexia nerviosa incluyen la serotonina (5-HT); Norepinefrina (NE) las que puede aumentar o disminuir el deseo de ingesta, que depende del sistema nervioso central sitio de destino. El receptor de glutamato - N-Metil / D-aspartato (NMDA-R) se asocia en la función neuronal excitatoria y la regulación de la conducta alimentaria. Otros agentes moleculares como factor neurotróico derivado del cerebro (BDNF) se ha implicado en la patogénesis de la depresión mayor y aparentemente también desempeña un papel en la respuesta tardía a la terapia.
El principal órgano blanco afectado en pacientes con AN es el riñón, puede inducir insuiciencia renal aguda a través de mecanismos asociados a la hipovolemia, disminución de la ingesta de sodio en la dieta, los mecanismos de purga, y la disminución del volumen de eyección sistólica en las últimas etapas, que puede inducir la necrosis tubular aguda generada por la reducción de la perfusión renal y rabdomiolisis. El impacto social se aprecia en los mensajes que se difunden a través de los medios y la publicidad de una imagen irreal de la mujer. Estos son una idealización, por eso es muy importante promover dentro del desarrollo de los adolescentes un juicio crítico sobre el ideal de la belleza, el fortalecimiento de los valores y aprecio por el cuerpo con todas las posibilidades que ofrece, no sólo la estética.
Opieka duszpasterska wśród Polaków we Francji w świetle protokołu ze Zjazdu Duchowieństwa Polskiego odbytego w Clamart w 1938 roku
Authors: Szymański Józef
Published: July 2019

W okresie międzywojennym zarówno Kościół w Polsce, jak i władze rządowe zabiegały o zapewnienie rodzimej opieki religijnej wielomilionowej rzeszy wychodźstwa polskiego. Stwarzało to szeroką płaszczyznę współpracy. Motywacja miała różny charakter, od czysto pragmatycznej i politycznej na poziomie Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych – ambasady, konsulatów, do religijno-humanitarnej na poziomie miejscowych duszpasterzy polskich, którzy na co dzień stykali się z rozproszoną i najbardziej opuszczoną pod względem opieki konsularnej i religijnej częścią emigracji.

Dla łatwiejszej administracji posługi duszpasterskiej rektor Polskiej Misji Katolickiej we Francji w 1923 roku w ramach rekolekcji kapłańskich rozpoczął duszpasterskie spotkania, „zjazdy duchowieństwa polskiego” – wszystkich kapłanów Misji, które służyły wymianie doświadczeń duszpasterskich i dyskusji nad pojawiającymi się problemami emigracji polskiej. Polska Misja Katolicka we Francji jurysdykcyjnie podlegała episkopatowi Francji, który ustanowił swojego delegata do duszpasterstwa migrantów.

W 1938 roku rekolekcje dla duszpasterzy polskich pracujących wśród wychodźstwa polskiego we Francji przeprowadził ks. Tomasz Mącior SAC. Odbywały się one w Clamart pod Paryżem. W ćwiczeniach tych uczestniczyło 50 duszpasterzy z ówczesnym rektorem PMK we Francji ks. F. Cegiełką. Po rekolekcjach tradycyjnie odbyły się obrady księży polskich, w których udział wzięli również: ambasador Polski Juliusz Łukasiewicz, konsul generalny w Paryżu Aleksander Kawałkowski, dyrektor Katolickiej Agencji Prasowej ks. Zygmunt Kaczyński i biskup sufragan Paryża Emanuel Anatol Chaptal.

Zakres podejmowanych wyzwań przez duszpasterzy polskich egzemplifikuje zamieszczony Protokół ze Zjazdu Duchowieństwa Polskiego odbytego po zakończeniu rekolekcji w Clamart pod Paryżem w dniu 25 listopada 1938 roku. Kopia dokumentu znajduje się w Archiwum Polskiej Misji Katolickiej we Francji, dokument oryginalny przechowywany jest w Archiwum Archidiecezjalnym w Gnieźnie.
Geneza i kształt Związku Narodowego Polskiego w Ameryce Północnej w pierwszych latach istnienia
Authors: Kiper Daniel
Published: July 2019

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest rekonstrukcja procesu powstawania największej organizacji polonijnej w Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki Północnej – Związku Narodowego Polskiego. Organizacja powstała w 1880 roku dzięki inicjatywie Agatona Gillera, który jako były członek Rządu Narodowego i pracownik Muzeum Polskiego w Rapperswilu na przełomie lat 70. i 80. XIX wieku podejmował wysiłki w celu skoordynowania działań grup i stowarzyszeń Polaków żyjących poza granicami kraju do politycznej pracy. Od początku istnienia ZNP starał się utrzymywać charakter ponadlokalny, dążył do umiejscowienia swojej aktywności na rozległym obszarze kontynentu z uwzględnieniem nie tylko konieczności ochrony dziedzictwa narodowego, lecz także rzeczywistych potrzeb imigrantów. W tym celu przyjął formę instytucji zarówno politycznej, kulturalno-oświatowej, jak i ubezpieczeniowej (fraternal organization), dostosowując się do warunków emigracji zarobkowej.
Polish Settlement in Manchuria (1898-1950). A Brief Historical Survey
Authors: Borysiewicz Mariusz
Published: July 2019

During the late nineteenth century, geopolitical, military, political as well as economic considerations combined to induce the Tsarist government to pursue a policy of mass colonization of the Far East. This process led to the appearance of numerous Slavic enclaves in Northeastern China from the late 1890s onwards. As a consequence, northern Manchuria became the final major meeting point between European settlers and Asian inhabitants of the borderland encompassing Tsarist Russia as well as Imperial China. The European settlement in Manchuria was to leave profound imprints on the region’s changing landscape for the next half-century.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, numerous Poles migrated to the Far East in pursuit of better economic conditions. They found work building the Chinese Eastern Railway and remained behind to help operate the line. Others were employed as physicians, engineers, bankers and lawyers. In this way, unlike other Polish diaspora communities, this grup largely comprised wealthy and educated individuals.