bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Latino and Asian Segregation in New Destinations
Authors: Crowell Amber R. , Fossett Mark A.
Published: August 2023

Over the past several decades, hundreds of large and small communities across the United States saw Latino and Asian migration and population growth for the first time as Latino and Asian migrants moved away from traditional “gateway” cities and regions.  This phenomenon has raised questions among researchers about how these new groups are being received in what are often predominately White communities, and in particular whether residential segregation patterns are emerging. While some have studied the residential segregation of “new destinations,” these endeavors have been limited by the methodological challenges highlighted and addressed in this book. Because many of these communities are also nonmetropolitan, issues with index bias are pronounced due to small population counts and imbalanced group sizes. In this chapter, we reexamine residential segregation in Latino and Asian new destination communities, and also consider the possibility of Black new destinations, from 1990 to 2010 across metropolitan and micropolitan areas and noncore counties in the United States. Three key methodological innovations bring about new findings on residential segregation patterns and trends in these communities: we correct for segregation index bias, rely on the separation index to assess uneven distribution, and measure segregation of households rather than persons. In general we find that segregation is initially low and dispersed in new destination communities but is rising and polarizing over time for some groups, particularly in Latino new destinations.  This is in contrast to previous studies that sometimes found high levels of segregation in Latino new destinations, with scores sometimes as high as those found in the most segregated metropolitan areas. Our adjustments to measuring residential segregation are critical for obtaining an accurate understanding of how residential segregation outcomes are unfolding in new destination communities.
Schlussbetrachtungen mit Utopie
Authors: Möllers Thomas-Hugo
Published: August 2023

Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung zusammengefasst und es wird eine Utopie in Form einer Re-Gnose entworfen.
Einleitung
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 1 gibt einen Überblick über den Inhalt und die Struktur der verfügbaren Buchversionen: Druckwerk, eBook und Zusatzmaterial, welches dem Buch-/Kapitel-Käufer zur Verfügung steht. Der Leser erhält wichtige, allgemein gültige Hinweise und Tipps zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung. Exemplarisch für ein gut funktionierendes und sicheres Chemotherapie-Bestellsystem wird der Ablauf des interdisziplinären Chemotherapiemanagements am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg beschrieben. Zudem finden sich ausführliche Tabellen mit Empfehlungen zu Dosismodifikationen bei eingeschränkter Nieren- bzw. Leberfunktion oder für Patienten unter Hämodialyse für nahezu alle abgedruckten Substanzen.
Immunthrombozytopenie
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 11 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle der Entität Immunthrombozytopenie. Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.

Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
Thymuskarzinom
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 14 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle der Entität Thymuskarzinom. Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider. Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
Gastrointestinale Tumoren
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 15 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle der Entität Gastrointestinale Tumoren. Dieses ist in die Unterkapitel Plattenepithelkarzinom des Ösophagus, Adenokarzinom des Ösophagus und des ösophagogastralen Übergangs (AEG-Tumor) und Magenkarzinom, Kolon- und Rektumkarzinom, Analkarzinom, Pankreaskarzinom, Cholangiozelluläres Karzinom, Hepatozelluläres Karzinom (HCC), Gastrointestinale Stromatumoren (GIST), Neuroendokrine Tumoren des Gastrointestinaltraktes (NET) und Neuroendokrine Karzinome des Gastrointestinaltraktes (NEC) gegliedert. Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.

Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
Gynäkologische Tumoren
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 16 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle der Entität Gynäkologische Tumoren. Dieses ist in die Unterkapitel Mammakarzinom, Ovarialkarzinom, Zervixkarzinom und andere gynäkologische Karzinome gegliedert. Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.

Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
Urogenitaltumoren
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 17 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle der Entität Urogenitaltumoren. Dieses ist in die Unterkapitel Hoden-/Keimzellkarzinom, Prostatakarzinom, Nierenzellkarzinom, Nebennierenrindenkarzinom, Phäochromozytom, Urothelkarzinom und Nephroblastom gegliedert. Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.

Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
RTx: Urogenitale Tumoren
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 25 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle der Entität Radio-Chemotherapie (RTx): Urogenitale Tumoren. Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.

Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
Intrathekale Anwendung
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 28 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie-Protokolle zur intrathekalen Anwendung. Dieses ist in die Unterkapitel Intrathekale Prophylaxe und Intrathekale Therapie gegliedert. Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe der Freiburger Praxis wider.

Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
Fairness criteria for allocating indivisible chores: connections and efficiencies
Authors: Sun Ankang , Chen Bo , Doan Xuan Vinh
Published: August 2023

We study several fairness notions in allocating indivisible chores (i.e., items with disutilities) to agents who have additive and submodular cost functions. The fairness criteria we are concerned with are envy-free up to any item, envy-free up to one item, maximin share (MMS), and pairwise maximin share (PMMS), which are proposed as relaxations of envy-freeness in the setting of additive cost functions. For allocations under each fairness criterion, we establish their approximation guarantee for other fairness criteria. Under the additive setting, our results show strong connections between these fairness criteria and, at the same time, reveal intrinsic differences between goods allocation and chores allocation. However, such strong relationships cannot be inherited by the submodular setting, under which PMMS and MMS are no longer relaxations of envy-freeness and, even worse, few non-trivial guarantees exist. We also investigate efficiency loss under these fairness constraints and establish their prices of fairness.
Perceptions and sociocultural factors underlying adoption of conservation agriculture in the Mediterranean
Authors: Topp Emmeline , El Azhari Mohamed , Cicek Harun , Cheikh M’Hamed Hatem , Dhraief Mohamed Zied , El Gharras Oussama , Puig Roca Jordi , Quintas-Soriano Cristina , Rueda Iáñez Laura , Sakouili Abderrahmane , Oueslati Zlaoui Meriem , Plieninger Tobias
Published: August 2023

The Mediterranean region is facing major challenges for soil conservation and sustainable agriculture. Conservation agriculture (CA), including reduced soil disturbance, can help conserve soils and improve soil fertility, but its adoption in the Mediterranean region is limited. Examining farmers’ perceptions of soil and underlying sociocultural factors can help shed light on adoption of soil management practices. In this paper, we conducted a survey with 590 farmers across Morocco, Spain and Tunisia to explore concepts that are cognitively associated with soil and perceptions of tillage. We also evaluated differences in perceptions of innovation, community, adaptive capacity, and responsibility for soil. We found that farmers’ cognitive associations with soil show awareness of soil as a living resource, go beyond agriculture and livelihoods to reveal cultural ties, and link to multiple levels of human needs. Beliefs about the benefits of tillage for water availability and yield persist among the surveyed farmers. We found that openness towards innovation, perceived adaptive capacity and responsibility for soil were associated with minimum tillage, whereas community integration was not. Education, age and farm lifestyle were also associated with differences in these perceptions. CA promotion in the Mediterranean should emphasize the multiple values of soil, should demonstrate how sufficient yields may be achieved alongside resilience to drought, and be tailored to differing levels of environmental awareness and economic needs across north and south.
Reproductive plasticity in response to the changing cluster size during the breeding period: a case study in a spider mite
Authors: Weerawansha Nuwan , Wang Qiao , He Xiong Zhao
Published: August 2023

Animals living in clusters should adjust their reproductive strategies to adapt to the social environment. Theories predict that the benefits of cluster living would outweigh the costs of competition. Yet, it is largely unknown how animals optimize their reproductive fitness in response to the changing social environment during their breeding period. We used Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, a haplodiploid spider mite, to investigate how the ovipositing females modified their life-history traits in response to the change of cluster size (i.e., aggregation and dispersal) with a consistent population density (1 ♀/cm2). We demonstrate that (1) after females were shifted from a large cluster (16 ♀♀) to small ones (1 ♀, 5 and 10 ♀♀), they laid fewer and larger eggs with a higher female-biased sex ratio; (2) after females were shifted from small clusters to a large one, they laid fewer and smaller eggs, also with a higher female-biased sex ratio, and (3) increasing egg size significantly increased offspring sex ratio (% daughters), but did not increase immature survival. The results suggest that (1) females fertilize more larger eggs laid in a small population but lower the fertilization threshold and fertilize smaller eggs in a larger population, and (2) the reproductive adjustments in terms of egg number and size may contribute more to minimize the mate competition among sons but not to increase the number of inhabitants in the next generation. The current study provides evidence that spider mites can manipulate their reproductive output and adjust offspring sex ratio in response to dynamic social environments.
Improving neural network’s robustness on tabular data with D-layers
Authors: Xia Haiyang , Zaidi Nayyar , Zhang Yishuo , Li Gang
Published: August 2023

Artificial neural networks ($${{{\texttt {ANN}}}}$$
ANN
) are widely used machine learning models. Their widespread use has attracted a lot of interest in their robustness. Many studies show that ’s performance can be highly vulnerable to input manipulation such as adversarial attacks and covariate drift. Therefore, various techniques that focus on improving $${{{\texttt {ANN}}}}$$
ANN
’s robustness have been proposed in the last few years. However, most of these works have mostly focused on image data. In this paper, we investigate the role of discretization in improving $${{{\texttt {ANN}}}}$$
ANN
’s robustness on tabular datasets. Two custom $${{{\texttt {ANN}}}}$$
ANN
layers–  and  (collectively called ) are proposed. The two layers integrate discretization during the training phase to improve $${{{\texttt {ANN}}}}$$
ANN
’s ability to defend against adversarial attacks. Additionally,  integrates dynamic discretization during testing phase as well, to provide a unified strategy to handle adversarial attacks and covariate drift. The experimental results on 24 publicly available datasets show that our proposed  add much-needed robustness to $${{{\texttt {ANN}}}}$$
ANN
for tabular datasets.
Strengthened, and weakened, by belief
Authors: Trinh Tue
Published: August 2023

This paper discusses a set of observations, many of which are novel, concerning differences between the adjectival modals certain and possible and their adverbial counterparts certainly and possibly. It argues that the observations can be derived from a standard interpretation of certain/certainly as universal and possible/possibly as existential quantifiers over possible worlds, in conjunction with the hypothesis that the adjectives quantify over knowledge and the adverbs quantify over belief. The claims on which the argument relies include the following: (i) knowledge implies belief, (ii) agents have epistemic access to their belief, (iii) relevance is closed under speakers’ belief, and (iv) commitment is pragmatically inconsistent with explicit denial of belief.
Determination of the bending strength of glass via four point bending: correction of factor ke in EN1288-3
Authors: Peters Timon , Hof Peter , Schuster Miriam , Schneider Jens , Seel Matthias
Published: August 2023

EN1288-3 (Glass in building—Determination of the bending strength of glass—Part 3: test with specimen supported at two points (four point bending), 2000) describes the four point bending test for the determination of glass strength. The failure stress is calculated from the vertical force of the testing machine. To determine the difference between the stress calculated from linear 1st order theory and actual glass stress, a factor ke is given. This factor is derived from a 1994 publication (Blank in Glass Sci Technol 67:9–15, 1994) that uses a very simplified finite element model. The present paper will show that for tests with high deformation, which becomes more relevant for smaller glass thickness and chemically strengthened glass, these results differ vastly from the actual behaviour of the glass in the four point bending test as it is performed in most industry and lab settings. With the corrected curves for ke, increases in the characteristic edge strength of more than 50% compared to the current version of EN1288-3 can be derived from the four point bending test in some cases.
A Mathematics Educator Walks into a Physics Class: Identifying Math Skills in Students’ Physics Problem-Solving Practices
Authors: Bowers Janet , Anderson Matthew , Beckhard Kathryn
Published: August 2023

One of the main goals of lower division “service” mathematics courses is to provide STEM-intending students with opportunities to engage in activities and contexts that can support their efforts to apply the mathematical ideas they are learning to successive major courses. The Mathematics Association of America has supported many mathematicians’ efforts to ask partner discipline faculty what topics and habits of mind they feel should be covered in mathematics classes to prepare them for their subsequent classes. We add to this work with a twist: Instead of asking physics faculty what they want students to know, we analyzed videos that students in an introductory physics class created so that we could ask ourselves what mathematical practices were most and least prevalent in the students’ physics problem-solving efforts. A qualitative analysis of the results, which we present here, indicated that most students were proficient in math practices involving problem setup and that the majority were able to apply mathematical concepts such as trigonometry and the solving of algebraic equations. However, only 44% of the student groups concluded their explanations by discussing answer reasonability and only 18% conducted a unit analysis to determine if their answers were applicable to the context of the problems assigned, even though both of these elements are important components of the overall sensemaking process. This report presents examples that illustrate these results and concludes with implications for teaching both entry-level mathematics and physics courses by modeling productive problem-solving and sensemaking practices.
Nonchaotic N-expansive homeomorphisms
Authors: Jung Woochul , Morales C. A.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we give necessary conditions for an

$N$

-expansive homeomorphism of a compact metric space to be nonchaotic in the Li–Yorke sense. As application we give a partial answer to a conjecture in [2].
The relationship between weight-related indicators and depressive symptoms during adolescence and adulthood: results from two twin studies
Authors: Thompson Ellen J. , Krebs Georgina , Zavos Helena M.S. , Steves Claire J. , Eley Thalia C.
Published: August 2023

Background

The association between weight and depressive symptoms is well established, but the direction of effects remains unclear. Most studies rely on body mass index (BMI) as the sole weight indicator, with few examining the aetiology of the association between weight indicators and depressive symptoms.

Methods

We analysed data from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) and UK Adult Twin Registry (TwinsUK) (7658 and 2775 twin pairs, respectively). A phenotypic cross-lagged panel model assessed the directionality between BMI and depressive symptoms at ages 12, 16, and 21 years in TEDS. Bivariate correlations tested the phenotypic association between a range of weight indicators and depressive symptoms in TwinsUK. In both samples, structural equation modelling of twin data investigated genetic and environmental influences between weight indicators and depression. Sensitivity analyses included two-wave phenotypic cross-lagged panel models and the exclusion of those with a BMI <18.5.

Results

Within TEDS, the relationship between BMI and depression was bidirectional between ages 12 and 16 with a stronger influence of earlier BMI on later depression. The associations were unidirectional thereafter with depression at 16 influencing BMI at 21. Small genetic correlations were found between BMI and depression at ages 16 and 21, but not at 12. Within TwinsUK, depression was weakly correlated with weight indicators; therefore, it was not possible to generate precise estimates of genetic or environmental correlations.

Conclusions

The directionality of the relationship between BMI and depression appears to be developmentally sensitive. Further research with larger genetically informative samples is needed to estimate the aetiological influence on these associations.
Cost-effectiveness of adding ezetimibe and/or PCSK9 inhibitors to high-dose statins for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in Chinese adults
Authors: Xiang Yuliang , Gan Lei , Du Heyue , Hao Qiukui , Aertgeerts Bert , Li Sheyu , Hu Ming
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The latest international guideline recommended the add-on therapy of ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors in selected people for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, it remains unclear whether these regimens fit the Chinese healthcare system economically.

Methods

Based on the Chinese context, this simulation study evaluated four therapeutic strategies including the high-dose statin-only group, ezetimibe plus statin group, PCSK9 inhibitors plus statin group, and PCSK9 inhibitors plus ezetimibe plus statin group. The team developed a Markov model to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). With each 1-yr cycle, the simulation subjects could have nonfatal cardiovascular events (stroke and/or myocardial infarction) or death (vascular or nonvascular death event) with a follow-up duration of 20 yr. Cardiovascular risk reduction was gathered from a network meta-analysis, and cost and utility data were gathered from hospital databases and published research.

Results

For Chinese adults receiving high-dose statins for secondary prevention of CVDs, the ICER was US$68,910 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) for adding PCSK9 inhibitors, US$20,242 per QALY for adding ezetimibe, US$51,552 per QALY for adding both drugs. Given a threshold of US$37,655 (three times of Chinese GDP), the probability of cost-effectiveness is 2.9 percent for adding PCSK9 inhibitors, 53.1 percent for adding ezetimibe, and 16.8 percent for adding both drugs. To meet the cost-effectiveness, an acquisition price reduction of PCSK9 inhibitors of 33.6 percent is necessary.

Conclusion

In Chinese adults receiving high-dose statins for the secondary prevention of CVDs, adding ezetimibe is cost-effective compared to adding PCSK9 inhibitors and adding both drugs.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids Across Age-Groups
Authors: Miao Ke , Wang Yutong , Cao Weihua , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Huang Tao , Sun Dianjianyi , Liao Chunxiao , Pang Yuanjie , Hu Runhua , Pang Zengchang , Yu Min , Wang Hua , Wu Xianping , Liu Yu , Gao Wenjing , Li Liming
Published: August 2023

Aging plays a crucial role in the mechanisms of the impacts of genetic and environmental factors on blood pressure and serum lipids. However, to our knowledge, how the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the correlation between blood pressure and serum lipids changes with age remains to be determined. In this study, data from the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) were used. Resting blood pressure, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and fasting serum lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TGs) were measured in 2378 participants (1189 twin pairs). Univariate and bivariate structural equation models examined the genetic and environmental influences on blood pressure and serum lipids among three age groups. All phenotypes showed moderate to high heritability (0.37–0.59) and moderate unique environmental variance (0.30–0.44). The heritability of all phenotypes showed a decreasing trend with age. Among all phenotypes, SBP and DBP showed a significant monotonic decreasing trend. For phenotype-phenotype pairs, the phenotypic correlation (Rph) of each pair ranged from −0.04 to 0.23, and the additive genetic correlation (Ra) ranged from 0.00 to 0.36. For TC&SBP, TC&DBP, TG&SBP and TGs&DBP, both the Rph and Ra declined with age, and the Ra difference between the young group and the older adult group is statistically significant (p < .05). The unique environmental correlation (Re) of each pair did not follow any pattern with age and remained relatively stable with age. In summary, we observed that the heritability of blood pressure was affected by age. Moreover, blood pressure and serum lipids shared common genetic backgrounds, and age had an impact on the phenotypic correlation and genetic correlations.
Continental Thermal Blanketing Explains the Compositional Dichotomy of the Diffuse Basaltic Province Across Central‐Eastern Asia
Authors: Dai Hong‐Kun , Zheng Jian‐Ping , Xiong Qing , Griffin William L. , O’Reilly Suzanne Y.
Published: August 2023

A diffuse magmatic province covering central‐eastern Asia continent displays a compositional transition at 120–100 Ma and probably reflects melting initiation in isotopically enriched lithospheric mantle, followed by melting of the asthenosphere. However, the cause for the transition across such a vast landmass remains poorly constrained. Here, analyses of newly found Chaoge basalts (∼95 Ma, central Asia) and compiled data from across the basaltic province are combined to reveal the factors controlling the basalt dichotomy. The Chaoge basalts are considered to originate from a hot pyroxenite‐bearing asthenosphere with potential temperatures of ∼1,450°C, overlapping the source thermochemical conditions for most post‐transition basaltic rocks. The asthenosphere in 120–100 Ma is suggested to be hotter and to have controlled the compositional transition in the studied basaltic province. We suggest that asthenospheric warming resulted from prolonged continental thermal blanketing and can account for other diffuse igneous provinces with similar compositional variations and tectonic histories.
Purinergic neurotransmission receptor P2X4 silencing alleviates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced neuroinflammation by blocking the NLRP1/Caspase-1 pathway
Authors: Wu Yuanshui , Huang Xiaoli , Yang Le , Liu Yuanjie
Published: August 2023

This study is performed to explore the role of P2X4 in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the association between P2X4 and the NLRP1/Caspase-1 pathway. The mouse ICH model was established via collagenase injection into the right basal ganglia. P2X4 expression in brain tissues was knocked down via intracerebroventricular injection with adeno-associated virus (AAV) harboring shRNA against shP2X4. The gene expression of P2X4 and protein levels related to NLRP1 inflammasome were detected using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Muramyl dipeptide (an activator of NLRP1) was used to activate NLRP1 in brain tissues. ICH induced high expression of P2X4 in mouse brain tissues. The knockdown of P2X4 alleviated short- and long-term neurological deficits of ICH mice, as well as inhibited the tissue expression and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. Additionally, the expressions of NLRP1, ASC, and pro-Caspase-1 were down-regulated upon P2X4 silencing. Moreover, neurological impairment and the expression and secretion of cytokines after P2X4 silencing were aggravated by the additional administration of MDP. P2X4 knockdown represses neuroinflammation in brain tissues after ICH. Mechanistically, P2X4 inhibition exerts a neuroprotective effect in ICH by blocking the NLRP1/Caspase-1 pathway.
The catalytic role of glutathione transferases in heterologous anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: Eichenberger Michael , Schwander Thomas , Hüppi Sean , Kreuzer Jan , Mittl Peer R. E. , Peccati Francesca , Jiménez-Osés Gonzalo , Naesby Michael , Buller Rebecca M.
Published: August 2023

Anthocyanins are ubiquitous plant pigments used in a variety of technological applications. Yet, after over a century of research, the penultimate biosynthetic step to anthocyanidins attributed to the action of leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase has never been efficiently reconstituted outside plants, preventing the construction of heterologous cell factories. Through biochemical and structural analysis, here we show that anthocyanin-related glutathione transferases, currently implicated only in anthocyanin transport, catalyse an essential dehydration of the leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase product, flavan-3,3,4-triol, to generate cyanidin. Building on this knowledge, introduction of anthocyanin-related glutathione transferases into a heterologous biosynthetic pathway in baker’s yeast results in >35-fold increased anthocyanin production. In addition to unravelling the long-elusive anthocyanin biosynthesis, our findings pave the way for the colourants’ heterologous microbial production and could impact the breeding of industrial and ornamental plants.
Cross-linking polymerization boosts the performance of perovskite solar cells: from material design to performance regulation
Authors: Yin Xing , Wang Ziyu , Zhao Yingjie , Zhang Shasha , Zhang Yiqiang , Song Yanlin
Published: August 2023

This paper reviews the performance modulation of perovskite solar cells by cross-linking polymerization with different molecular structures from points of perovskite grain boundaries, the perovskite lattice interior, and charge transport layers.
Contactless measurement of the photovoltage in BiVO4 photoelectrodes
Authors: Daemi Sahar , Kundmann Anna , Becker Kathleen , Cendula Peter , Osterloh Frank E.
Published: August 2023

Vibrating Kelvin probe surface photovoltage spectroscopy (VKP SPV) provides the photovoltage of BiVO4-liquid junctions in a contactless way. The photovoltage is controlled by the electrochemical potential of the redox couples in solution.
3D printable soft and solvent-free thermoplastic elastomer containing dangling bottlebrush chains
Authors: Asadi Vahid , Dolleman Renee , van der Gucht Jasper , Kodger Thomas E.
Published: August 2023

Designed super-soft and solvent-free bottlebrush thermoplastic elastomer compatible with 3D printing with tunability of each topological parameter at the molecular level.
Characterization of methionine dependence in melanoma cells
Authors: Garg Sarita , Morehead Lauren C. , Bird Jordan T. , Graw Stefan , Gies Allen , Storey Aaron J. , Tackett Alan J. , Edmondson Rick D. , Mackintosh Samuel G. , Byrum Stephanie D. , Miousse Isabelle R.
Published: August 2023

Dietary methionine restriction is associated with a reduction in tumor growth in preclinical studies and an increase in lifespan in animal models.
Retirement and Mental Health: A Contemporary Review of the Literature
Authors: Kanade Ashwini , Strother-Garcia Kristina , Rogers Nicole L.
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this literature review is to summarize the current understanding of the impact retirement has on mental health. We identify gaps in the literature with the intent of encouraging new perspectives and stimulating innovative research in service of better supporting older adults through an oft overlooked and challenging phase of life.

Method:

To produce a review representing a depth and breadth of quality research, articles were retrieved through a systematic search of current scholarly sources published from 2000 to the present. Well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed to complete the review.

Results:

A total of 513 articles were identified for initial review, but only 14 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results from these articles are mixed with respect to the mental health effects of retirement.

Conclusions:

The findings of this review highlight the scarcity of recent research examining the impact of retirement on mental health in the United States. Retirement is an important transition, and better preparation for the many changes that accompany it could help older adults make a smoother transition to their new walk of life. Quality research on the mental health effects of retirement is needed to help drive changes in social policy to support individuals nearing (or at) retirement age. This research will also help clinicians who work with older adults to better support their patients during a particularly challenging adjustment in life.
Transition Rates from Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo to Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness
Authors: Masaki Yoshio
Published: August 2023

Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a chronic dizziness disorder that is newly listed in the World Health Organization (WHO)'s International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) revised in 2018. In this study, I selected definite cases of the first occurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) among vertigo patients who visited our clinic in the past 1 year, and retrospectively reviewed the age at the first visit, gender, affected side, previous medical conditions, type of BPPV, and their tendency toward transition to PPPD. Eligible patients were new first-ever cases of BPPV who visited our clinic during the 1-year period from June 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021, and who met the diagnostic criteria for BPPV established by the Japan Society for Equilibrium Research. There were 311 cases, including 120 men and 191 women, with a male:female ratio of 1:1.6; hence, the majority of patients were women. The mean age ± standard deviation was 60.7 ± 17.8 years. Men ranged in age from 14 to 88 years, with a mean age of 64.2 ± 16.3 years. Women ranged in age from 11 to 90 years, with a mean age of 58.5 ± 18.5 years. Thus, the average age of the men was higher. As for the type of BPPV, there were 172 cases of posterior semicircular canal-type BPPV (canalolithiasis), 79 cases of lateral semicircular canal-type BPPV (canalolithiasis), and 60 cases of lateral semicircular canal-type BPPV (cupulolithiasis), with the posterior semicircular canal-type BPPV (canalolithiasis) being the most common. In regard to the affected side, the right side was affected in 164 cases and the left side in 147 cases; thus, involvement of the right side was more common. The time to remission was less than 0.5 months in 86 cases, less than 1 month in 69 cases, less than 2 months in 50 cases, less than 3 months in 22 cases, and more than 3 months in 57 cases. Remission was achieved in less than 3 months in 72.9% of cases. The course remained unknown in 27 cases, as the patients discontinued their clinic visits. There was only one case of a 75-year-old man and one case of a 70-year-old woman who transitioned to PPPD. Both cases had left-sided posterior semicircular canal-type BPPV (canalolithiasis). The man had underlying hypertension, while the woman had underlying hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The rate of transition from BPPV to PPPD was 0.6% when cases with an unknown course were included, and the rate was as low as 0.7% when cases with an unknown course were excluded. Thus, the frequency of transition from BPPV to PPPD is low.
The Synergistic Role of Integrated Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography in Disorders of the Pancreatobiliary System
Authors: Rai Santosh , Srivastava Saubhagya , Gopal Sandeep , Tiku Anika
Published: August 2023

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the synergistic role and advantages of integrating noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in disorders of the pancreatobiliary (PB) system.

Methods In this cross-sectional and retrospective record-based study, radiological (NCCT and MRCP) data were collected retrospectively for a period of 3 years (June 2018–August 2020) from 52 patients. The results were compared to the final diagnosis on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) findings (gold standard). The data collected were analyzed by measuring the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic accuracy, and p-value for NCCT, MRCP, and integrated NCCT plus MRCP at different cutoff points. Subsequently, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze different thresholds for NCCT, MRCP, and integrated NCCT plus MRCP.

Results The most common pathologies identified were biliary dilations (18.4%), common bile duct (CBD) calculi (13.6%), and biliary strictures (12.0%). Overall, MRCP provided a higher percentage of correct diagnoses (81.6%) compared to CT (56.0%). Integrating NCCT with MRCP showed a significant increase in sensitivities and specificities when compared to NCCT or MRCP alone. Integrated NCCT plus MRCP showed excellent performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of ROC analysis of 0.937.

Conclusion Our study showed that integrating NCCT and MRCP can prove to be an excellent tool in establishing a detailed diagnosis of PB disorders, better than either NCCT or MRCP alone. Due to the concurrent nature of PB disorders, it may be worth considering integrating NCCT and MRCP, given that there is an absence of contraindications to either modality.
Outlandish creatures and genre crossover in young adult liminal fantasy: a Deleuzian perspective
Authors: You Chengcheng
Published: August 2023

This study employs Deleuze’s concept of “deterritorialisation” to examine how young adult liminal fantasy can blend genre expectations and engage in environmental enquiry for a young adult audience. The term “outlandish creatures” is introduced to denote these improbable nonhuman characters that inhabit imaginary worlds in YA liminal fantasy where they exist intrinsically in young protagonists’ daily lives, exemplifying the genre’s propensity to transcend boundaries between species, genres, and reality. By conducting a Deleuzian analysis of Sonya Hartnett’s The Midnight Zoo (2011), Patrick Ness’s A Monster Calls (2011), and Shaun Tan’s Tales from the Inner City (2018), this study reveals that the depictions of encounters between youth and outlandish creatures not only reflect environmental anxieties in the Anthropocene era, but also contribute to the enrichment of narrative explorations within the genre. The study concludes that YA liminal fantasy has the capacity to address identity issues faced by contemporary young adults and foster ethical directionality through the productive fusion of genres and species.
Optimal scheduling of data centers based on multiple games
Authors: Sun Jiu-long , Che Yan-bo , Zheng Zhi-hao
Published: August 2023

With the increasing dominance of electricity retailers in the electricity market, it has become a new trend for the data center (DC) to participate in sales-side transactions. However, data center electricity retailers (DCERs) and DCs that purchase electricity by DCERs, as different stakeholders, will inevitably face conflicts of interest. To promote the benefit distribution of DCs and DCERs to achieve a win–win situation, our study proposes an optimal scheduling method based on multiple games and establishes a mixed game model by integrating the master–slave game method and the cooperative game method, in which DCERs take profit maximization as the optimization goal, while Internet DCs take the lowest total cost as the optimization goal. The master–slave game is adopted between the DCER and the DC, and the cooperative game is adopted among the members of the DC. The benefits are distributed through Nash bargaining. The model is solved by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm combined with the alternating direction method of multipliers. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we provide an illustrative example that showcases its ability to not only increase DCER revenue by 136.04% but also decrease total DC costs by 9.39%. As a result, our method facilitates a more equitable distribution of cooperation revenues.
Improving the design of public health infographics using a motion graphic educational resource to enhance design principle application
Authors: Baxter Matthew , Lonsdale Maria dos Santos
Published: August 2023

Infographics are commonly used in public health to disseminate key messages to wide audiences. Although health organisations are making increasing use of infographics, their designs are of variable quality. The research reported here aimed to develop an educational tool that could improve public health infographic design, using motion graphics to teach users with limited design experience how to apply research-based design principles. Results were positive, with significant improvements in performance (including information location time, memorability, and user perception) observed for the infographics designed after the resource was used, compared to the infographics created before.
Doubly isogenous genus-2 curves with 𝐷₄-action
Authors: Arul Vishal , Booher Jeremy , Groen Steven , Howe Everett , Li Wanlin , Matei Vlad , Pries Rachel , Springer Caleb
Published: August 2023

We study the extent to which curves over finite fields are characterized by their zeta functions and the zeta functions of certain of their covers. Suppose

C
C

and

C
′

C’

are curves over a finite field

K
K

, with

K
K

-rational base points

P
P

and

P
′

P’

, and let

D
D

and

D
′

D’

be the pullbacks (via the Abel–Jacobi map) of the multiplication-by-

2
2

maps on their Jacobians. We say that

(
C
,
P
)

(C,P)

and

(

C
′

,

P
′

)

(C’,P’)

are doubly isogenous if

J
a
c
(
C
)

Jac(C)

and

J
a
c
(

C
′

)

Jac(C’)

are isogenous over

K
K

and

J
a
c
(
D
)

Jac(D)

and

J
a
c
(

D
′

)

Jac(D’)

are isogenous over

K
K

. For curves of genus

2
2

whose automorphism groups contain the dihedral group of order eight, we show that the number of pairs of doubly isogenous curves is larger than naïve heuristics predict, and we provide an explanation for this phenomenon.
12. NEUROKININ A AND SUBSTANCE P SERUM CONCENTRATIONS CORRELATE WITH MOTILITY METRICS PREDISPOSING TO REFLUX, BUT NOT WITH ESOPHAGITIS PRESENCE IN GERD
Authors: Morozov Sergey , Isakov Vasily , Vorozhko Ilya
Published: August 2023

Background

Neurokinin A (NKA) and substance P (SP) may be responsible for airway hyper-reactivity and hypersensitization. Animal studies showed an increase of their blood concentration in response to acid installation into the esophagus, suggesting the presence of neurogenic inflammation in pathogenesis of asthma and chronic cough. Association between serum concentration of these cytokines and esophageal function testing parameters in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is poorly studied.

Aim of the study was to assess serum concentration of neurokinin A and substance P in patients with erosive esophagitis and non-erosive form of GERD and perform correlation analysis between concentrations of these substances and data of multichannel esophageal pH-impedance (MII-pH) and high-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM).

Methods

The data of examination of 88 subjects (31 with erosive esophagitis (EE); 57 with non-erosive form of GERD (NERD)) served as a source for the study. Diagnosis of GERD was established per Lyon criteria. Subjects with autoimmune disorders, receiving some medications able to affect esophageal motility were not eligible. Patients underwent HREM with the use of 36-channel solid-state catheters and MII-pH with 2-pH, 6-impedandce sensors. Serum concentrations of NKA and SP were measured with ELISA kits and biochemistry analyzer.

Results

Acid exposure time (AET), and number of high gastroesophageal refluxes were higher in EE compared to NERD, while number of refluxes and concentrations of NKA and SP were similar. Mean, minimal and residual lower esophageal sphincter resting pressures were lower in EE compared to NERD. There was direct correlation between serum concentration of SP and number of gastroesophageal refluxes (Spearman rank R = 0.26), AET (R = 0.25), and number of refluxes lasting >5 min (R = 0.35). NKA concentration correlated directly with number of refluxes >5 min long (R = 0.28), and inversely with levels of integrated relaxation pressure (R = –0.32), and contractile front velocity (R = –0.38).

Conclusions

In patients with GERD, serum concentrations of Neurokinin A and Substance P do not depend on the presence of esophagitis and probably are not caused by the influence of reflux content to sensory neurons of esophageal mucosa. Established correlations may support the involvement of Neurokinin A and Substance P in pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
25. THE ROLE OF ADJUVANT THERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA UNDERGOING NEOADJUVANT THERAPY AND ESOPHAGECTOMY
Authors: Li Xiaokun , Yuan Yong , Shen Yi
Published: August 2023

Background

The use of adjuvant therapy after neoadjuvant therapy followed by esophagectomy is controversial due to limited studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of adjuvant therapy for patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) after neoadjuvant therapy and esophagectomy and to provide a basis for clinical decision-making.

Methods

Patients who were diagnosed as EAC and underwent neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery were included in this study. The data of the patients in training group are derived from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients from two institutions (West China Hospital and Nanjing Jinling Hospital) were used to validate the results.

Results

A total of 3445 EAC patients were identified from the SEER database according to the eligibility criteria. No significant difference was found between adjuvnat therapy and non-adjuvant therapy group (5-year overall survival (OS): 35.7 and 37.2%, p = 0.920; 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS): 39.5 and 43.2%, p = 0.520). Meanwhile, 130 patients were identified from West China Hospital (n = 84) and Jinling Hospital (n = 46). The results showed that patients undergoing adjuvant therapy group had a better OS than non-adjuvant therapy group (p = 0.031).

Conclusion

On the basis of the SEER database, this study revealed no survival benefit of adjuvant therapy for patients with EAC after neoadjuvant therapy and surgery. However, the analysis results of patients from two institutions in China show that patients with EAC may benefit from adjuvant therapy after neoadjuvant therapy and esophagectomy.