bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of thermo-physical and tribological properties of oil-based graphene oxide nano-fluid using two types of polysorbate (tween 20 and tween 80)
Authors: Asgari Seyed Abbas , Gholami Reyhaneh , Tavakoli Nejad Mohammad Reza , Allafchian Alireza , Akbarzadeh Saleh
Published: July 2023

In this paper, the effect of adding Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) nano-particles to engine base oil (Poly-Alpha-Olefin-PAO) on the thermo-physical properties of nano-fluid such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and friction coefficient, are investigated numerically and experimentally. To keep the nano-fluid stable, before using ultrasonic waves, two types of polysorbate (tween 20 and tween 80) as surfactants were added to four concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.0375, and 0.05 wt%, and the effects of nano-particles were studied to find the best combination in terms of viscosity, thermal conductivity, and friction coefficient, which made the nan-fluid quite stable during the tests procedure. The results showed with good accuracy that the final nano-fluid was Newtonian and its viscosity was very similar to the base oil. An increase of 7% was observed between 25 °C and 75 °C and for the concentration of 0.02 wt%. Thermal conductivity was raised in all states with an increase in concentration and the highest effect was 8% in the concentration of 0.05 wt%. The friction tests proved a desirable decrease of as much as 45% in friction coefficient compared to base oil and 28% compared to common anti-friction material used in industry for the optimum concentration which was 0.02 wt%. In addition, experimental data were compared to the models presented in the literature and the models that could describe the behavior of this nano-fluid in the best way were reported, and an empirical equation (for each surfactant) is developed to show the variation of COF with nano-particles weight fraction in the nano-fluid.
Ethical Reflexivity, Care, and Slippery Data: Lessons From Working With the Mass Observation Project
Authors: van Emmerik Corine
Published: July 2023

As part of a research project on the lived and everyday temporal experiences of British people in the Covid-19 pandemic, a Mass Observation directive was commissioned that asked volunteers about their changing rhythms, feelings, and imagined futures. The responses were rich and raw. Some of these reflections, however, expressed a risk of harm that raised ethical issues that were not anticipated beforehand. These issues were complicated by the interstitial character of the data, being not primary and not quite secondary. This Sociology in Action paper reflects on one diary that expressed risk of harm to think through the slipperiness of the data as well as the ethical responsibility researchers have towards the well-being of participants and that of their own. I suggest a proactive ethical framework for such interstitial data that includes an ethics of care towards the participants and stimulates ethical reflexivity that prepares the researcher for potential emotional ties and investments.
Pelvic bone sarcomas, prognostic factors, and treatment: A narrative review of the literature
Authors: Laitinen Minna K. , Parry Michael C. , Morris Guy V. , Jeys Lee M.
Published: July 2023

Primary sarcomas of bone are rare malignant mesenchymal tumors. The most common bone sarcomas are osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. The prognosis has improved over the years, but bone sarcomas are still life-threatening tumors that need a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis and treatment. Bone sarcomas arising in the pelvis present a unique challenge to orthopedic oncologists due to the absence of natural anatomical barriers, the close proximity of vital neurovascular structures, and the high mechanical demands placed on any pelvic reconstruction following the excision of the tumor. While radiotherapy has an important role especially in Ewing’s sarcoma and chemotherapy for both Ewing’s sarcoma and osteosarcoma, surgery remains the main choice of treatment for all three entities. While external hemipelvectomy has remained one option, the main aim of surgery is limb salvage. After complete tumor resection, the bone defect needs to be reconstructed. Possibilities to reconstruct the defect include prosthetic or biological reconstruction. The method of reconstruction is dependent on the location of tumor and the surgery required for its removal. The aim of this article is to give an insight into pelvic bone sarcomas, their oncological and surgical outcomes, and the options for treatment based on the authors’ experiences.
On Agricultural Techniques: Broadcast, precision, and the media of culture
Authors: Miles Christopher
Published: July 2023

Following the advent of precision agriculture in the context of an emerging informatic ideal in farming, digital media technologies of virtually every kind are now increasingly employed in agrarian contexts, making entanglements of media and agriculture explicit and critical scholarship needed. Such developments have significant political, ethical, and ecological consequences media scholars are uniquely positioned to engage across multiple axes. Yet dedicated work in media studies on agriculture is limited. Accordingly, this article advances an argument for a media studies of agriculture that attends to both contemporary and historical insinuations of these two culture industries, employing (1) the agriculturally rooted media concept of cultural techniques and (2) brief histories of the media-agricultural concept of broadcasting and its relation to imperatives for precision “targeting” as a means for framing and exploring such connections toward future work in this area.
Setting data free: The politics of open data for food and agriculture
Authors: Fairbairn Madeleine , Kish Zenia
Published: July 2023

Open data is increasingly being promoted as a route to achieve food security and agricultural development. This article critically examines the promotion of open agri-food data for development through a document-based case study of the Global Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition (GODAN) initiative as well as through interviews with open data practitioners and participant observation at open data events. While the concept of openness is striking for its ideological flexibility, we argue that GODAN propagates an anti-political, neoliberal vision for how open data can enhance agricultural development. This approach centers values such as private innovation, increased production, efficiency, and individual empowerment, in contrast to more political and collectivist approaches to openness practiced by some agri-food social movements. We further argue that open agri-food data projects, in general, have a tendency to reproduce elements of “data colonialism,” extracting data with minimal consideration for the collective harms that may result, and embedding their own values within universalizing information infrastructures.
Farm media: An introduction
Authors: Kish Zenia , Peters Benjamin
Published: July 2023

This essay introduces the first special issue to explore the subject of farm media, which the authors identify as the multiple forms of mediation—representational, infrastructural, and elemental—that reproduce the modern agri-food system. Through this multi-lens framework, media scholars are invited to take the farm seriously as a site of analysis, particularly the recent transformation of agriculture through intensive datafication and its accompanying socio-technical and environmental dimensions. The essay launches these lines of inquiry by reviewing relevant interdisciplinary scholarship, particularly in media studies and critical agrarian studies, and introduces contributor essays exploring the multi-mediation of the farm.
Evaluation of the influence of graphene oxide on asphalt binder physical and rheological properties
Authors: Hoang Huong-Giang Thi , Nguyen Hoang-Long , Tran Ngoc Hung , Ly Hai-Bang
Published: July 2023

The effects of graphene oxide (GO) on the rheological properties, performance grade (PG), and aging resistance of asphalt binders (AB) were systematically studied in this work. A series of asphalt samples modified with varying GO concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 3%) were prepared and subjected to comprehensive characterization and performance tests, including penetration, softening point, elongation, viscosity, dynamic shear rheometry, and aging evaluation using the Rolling Thin Film Oven Test. The results revealed that incorporating GO into the asphalt matrix led to enhanced stiffness and elasticity, with increased the complex modulus and reduced the phase angle. Furthermore, the modified AB's high-temperature PG improved with increasing GO content, with the 2% and 3% GO-modified binders exhibiting properties comparable to those of PG70. Specifically, the investigation revealed that GO modification minimized the impacts of the aging process on the properties of AB, perhaps enhancing their long-term performance and durability. This research highlights the potential benefits of utilizing GO as an effective asphalt modifier, contributing to the development of more resilient and sustainable pavement systems. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers and engineers aiming to optimize the use of GO in asphalt modification to achieve enhanced performance and aging resistance in various climatic and service conditions.
The mediating role of concepts for collective reasoning about integrating play, teaching and digital media in preschool: A potential for enabled agency for early childhood teachers
Authors: Stavholm Emelie , Lagerlöf Pernilla , Wallerstedt Cecilia
Published: July 2023

An international contemporary challenge for early childhood teachers is to integrate digital media in preschool. Research indicates that teachers have concerns regarding the use of digital media in preschool, especially in relation to play. In this study, we explore how an early childhood education and care (ECEC) work team takes on this challenge when, in focus group conversations, discusses digital media in relation to a theoretical framework with principles and implications for understanding play and teaching in preschool. We adopt a sociocultural perspective when examining the mediating role of theoretical concepts for reasoning about the integration of digital media in ECEC. The findings illustrate how the concepts mediate an understanding of (i) play and teaching as responsive activities with a focus on the importance of sharing the same digital media references (ii) play and teaching activities as building on a mutual frame of reference, which is a challenge as children have different experiences of digital media than adults, (iii) play as including fluctuations between “as if” and “as is” and something that must include fantasy and an openness, with digital media contributing to or hindering such openness, and (iv) how teaching can take shape in mutual activities where mutual experiences of digital media can be used as a starting point for teaching. Implications for professional development efforts and teacher agency are discussed.
Childhood Maltreatment and Gratitude: A Multilevel, Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Zhu Ningzhe , Ye Ying , Li Chengcheng , Wang Rixin , Kong Feng
Published: July 2023

During the past decade, research on the association between childhood maltreatment (CM) and gratitude has been accumulating, but there is a lack of systematic, quantitative evaluation of existing literature. The present systematic review aims to fill this gap by conducting a three-level meta-analysis. After a comprehensive search in five English and three Chinese databases, we retrieved 33 effect sizes from 16 studies with a total sample of 13,818 participants. The results showed that CM (aggregated across forms) was negatively and moderately linked to gratitude ( r = −.311, 95% CI [−0.382, −0.235], p < .001). Childhood neglect (i.e., physical and emotional neglect) exhibited more substantial effects on gratitude than emotional abuse, while the effects of childhood physical and sexual abuse were insignificant. In addition, the mean effect sizes were larger in studies with younger samples. However, the effect did not vary as functions of CM measurement, methodological rigor, whether the sample included college students only, publication type, or region of the sample. Last, we highlighted the limitations of existing research, proposed agendas for future studies, and discussed practical implications.
Future Directions for HIV/HCV Care: Lessons Learned From Local Evaluation Projects in Texas and Connecticut and Implications for Practice and Health Promotion
Authors: Villanueva Merceditas
Published: July 2023

The Health Resources Service Administration (HRSA) Special Projects of National Significance (SPNS) project titled “Curing Hepatitis C among People of Color Living with HIV,” funded two sites, University of Texas (TX) San Antonio and Yale University School of Medicine in Connecticut (CT) to explore barriers and facilitators towards achieving HCV cure in the era of curative DAAs for HCV in different local contexts. Through individualized approaches that study patient, provider and system level barriers, the nine articles in this Focus Issue highlight key themes that are important in designing local implementation strategies that will enable achievement of HCV elimination goals in priority populations.
Accessing Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Telemedicine: Perspectives From People With HIV
Authors: Allison Waridibo E. , Choi Aro N. , Kawasaki Keito , Desai Anmol , Melhado Trisha V.
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a steep increase in telemedicine implementation and use. Data are lacking on telemedicine use in marginalized and underserved groups including people with HIV (PWH). The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) is the largest single provider of HIV care in the United States (U.S.) and the southern part of the country remains the epicenter of the HIV epidemic. This study recruited PWH from RWHAP clinics across South Texas. To ascertain their perspectives on utilizing telemedicine for HIV care during the COVID-19 pandemic, a survey instrument derived from validated instruments was used. Descriptive statistics were used for client characteristics, quality of telemedicine care, and COVID-19 impact. Wilcoxon Rank Sum and Kruskal–Wallis tests were assessed associations of telemedicine care quality and COVID-19 impact between client groups. Among 246 eligible PWH, 122 clients completed the survey with a response rate of 50%. Clients were predominantly Hispanic males. Significant differences in perception of telemedicine care and the impact of COVID-19 by gender, age, language, and race/ethnicity were observed. Older PWHIV used telemedicine more than younger clients ( p = .01). English speakers indicated more impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on daily life than Spanish speakers ( p = .02). Worry about the pandemic was most evident among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic PWH ( p = .03). Overall, telemedicine was found to be a favorable and acceptable mechanism of HIV care delivery by PWH in a Southern state during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Qualitative Evaluation of a Program to Integrate Hepatitis C Care Into HIV Care Inclusive of Task Shifting to Nonspecialist Providers
Authors: Allison Waridibo E. , Desai Anmol , Kawasaki Keito , Choi Aro N. , Bobadilla Raudel , Melhado Trisha V. , Taylor Barbara S.
Published: July 2023

The treatment and cure of hepatitis C (HCV) in people with HIV is particularly important as progression of their liver disease is quicker compared with those who have HCV monoinfection. Innovative approaches are needed to maximize access to curative HCV treatment. Integration of HCV care into HIV primary care with education and support of nonspecialist providers via telementoring offers a solution to specialist workforce shortages. Using focus group qualitative methodology, health care workers’ perspectives regarding this approach, particularly with the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) telementoring model, were obtained and are described. Successful integration of HCV care into HIV primary care has demonstrated benefits to patients, including allowing them to remain in their medical home for care. Factors beyond disease that influence their health and wellbeing must also be considered.
Challenges to Achieving HCV Micro-Elimination in People With HIV in the United States: Provider Perspectives and the Role of Implicit Bias
Authors: DiDomizio Elizabeth , Chandra Divya K. , Nichols Lisa , Villanueva Merceditas , Altice Frederick L.
Published: July 2023

The prevalence of HIV/HCV (hepatitis C virus) co-infection is high particularly in persons who inject drugs (PWID) and is increasing because of the evolving opioid epidemic in the United States. The introduction of effective antiviral medications for HCV has raised the strategic goal of HCV micro-elimination, and efforts to understand the barriers to treatment are critical. In this study, we explored the provider perspective of factors that inhibit HCV micro-elimination efforts in people with HIV (PWH), including the role of implicit bias and related stigma in providers’ health care decision making. We used the mixed-methods approach of nominal group technique (NGT) with 14 participants from 11 different clinics engaged in two virtual focus group sessions ( n = 5 and n = 9). Responses from the NGTs were rank ordered during the sessions to identify providers’ perspectives of major barriers and facilitators, then identified possible implicit bias after the NGTs concluded. There were 12 responses given for micro-elimination barriers with the three most prioritized being housing instability, medication nonadherence concerns, and inability to motivate patients. Of these, eight were categorized as potential implicit biases. Among the 14 responses given for facilitators of treatment, the three major solutions included distributive models of care, improved provider knowledge, and increased patient engagement. Although the solutions offered were insightful, there was consensus that the individual lives of patients were the root cause of most barriers to care. We recommend further research on behavioral design interventions that promote patients’ involvement in decision making and focus on patients’ eligibility criteria for HCV treatment as opposed to providers’ perceived barriers to treatment.
Mitigating the HIV and Viral Hepatitis Workforce Crisis Through Development of an HIV/Hepatitis C Coinfection Mobile Application
Authors: Allison Waridibo E. , Prasanna Shreya , Choi Aro N. , Kawasaki Keito , Desai Anmol , Melhado Trisha V.
Published: July 2023

A decline in the HIV workforce has led to a crisis of insufficient expertise to manage people with HIV (PWH), roughly a quarter of whom are coinfected with hepatitis C. Task shifting to nonspecialist providers can contribute to solving the HIV workforce shortage problem, but nonspecialist providers require sufficient training and support to acquire and retain the necessary knowledge and skills. Digital tools including mobile applications (apps) and telementoring which utilizes telecommunication technology for education and skill acquisition can be used for professional development. Described is the development and dissemination of a mobile app specifically for providers managing HIV/HCV coinfection in the United States. The app, through provider professional development, facilitates access to curative HCV treatment in PWH, encourages integration of HCV care into primary care and contributes to national goals to eliminate HIV and viral hepatitis by 2030.
Outcome Uncertainty and ESports Viewership: The Case of Overwatch League
Authors: Oh Taeyeon , Lee Seomgyun , Jang Hayley
Published: July 2023

The uncertainty of outcome hypothesis (UOH) explains the consumption determinants of sports fans in professional sporting events. However, only limited studies exist in the esports field, and the relationship between UOH and spectatorship in esports is still unclear. This study examined the UOH in esports by analyzing the number of viewers of an esports league on an internet-based streaming platform (Twitch). We measured within-game and ex-ante expected game uncertainty and estimated their effects on the number of real-time viewers. The results show that within-game uncertainty significantly impacts the number of viewers, but ex-ante expected game uncertainty did not.
The ‘Distant Music of Social Radicalism’: The Debate between Pelagius and Augustine of the 4th Century CE and its Relevance to Music Education
Authors: Pike-Rowney Georgia
Published: July 2023

This paper focuses on the Pelagian Debate of the late 4th Century CE between Augustine of Hippo and the British cleric Pelagius, and its little known or understood relevance to music education practice and scholarship. A transdisciplinary review of theological, historical, pedagogical, and musicological texts suggests that Augustinian notions of sin, goodness, and human nature reflect assumptions embedded in traditional classical music education paradigms. As a contrast, Pelagius’ notions of the importance of the “laity,” and criticism of church hierarchy, later suppressed and deemed heretical, can be related to tensions between amateur and professional musicians in music and education contexts. This paper will explore this debate, and Augustine’s victory, as a means of questioning assumptions embedded in music education discourse concerning talent, discipline, and human capacity for music. In this way, the debate is made relevant not only as a means of enhancing understanding of historical conceptions but also as a lens through which contemporary music education might be interrogated.
Paul Price and American Percussion Practices During the ‘Golden Age’ of Higher Education
Authors: Nutt Haley J.
Published: July 2023

In 1950, percussionist and pedagogue Paul Price established an accredited collegiate percussion ensemble course at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, the first of its kind in the country. In this article, I argue that Price’s accreditation of the genre, coupled with his many other entrepreneurial initiatives, was made possible by the higher education’s renewed desire for democracy and intellectual achievement that emerged after World War II and ultimately led to percussion’s own ‘Golden Age’ that endured until the late 1970s. I achieve this objective by highlighting Price’s role as an institutional entrepreneur, as demonstrated through his relationships and compositional collaborations with two American composers of midcentury percussion works, Michael Colgrass and Vivian Fine. By advocating for new standards of learning, musicianship, and composition, Price negotiated institutionalized norms to help turn percussion into an art form worthy of professional performance standards, accredited courses, a thriving repertory, and institutional recognition in the United States. An investigation of the correlations between midcentury collegiate percussion practices and the patterns of change and growth evident in higher education at the time help illuminate the powerful influence of educational institutions on music discourse in the postwar era.
Assessing Trust in Physician and Vaccine Hesitancy Among Hispanic/Latinx Parents
Authors: Gonzalez Hector , Patel Mona S. , Pehlivanova Marieta , Burke Rita V.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Representing the USA's largest ethnic/racial group, Hispanic/Latinx (HL) experience health challenges of proportional magnitude. This study investigates the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among HL adults and trust in their child's pediatrician. Methods: HL parents of children who receive medical care at one of the largest Federally Qualified Health Centers in the United States completed a survey examining associations between physician trust, vaccine hesitancy, and demographics. Data were subjected to ANOVA via SAS9 version 9.0 (Cary, NC) and SPSS version 27 (Chicago, IL) software. Results: With a total of 500 surveys completed (51% response rate; 81% completion rate), the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy amounted to 15.4% ( n = 77). Parents with university-level education displayed higher levels of trust and perceptions in favor of routine vaccination practices ( p < .01). When medical visits were conducted in Spanish, parents exhibited lower levels of trust and were more vaccine-hesitant ( p < .01). Conclusions: Vaccine literacy must be prioritized in early education to reach parents who may not achieve college degrees. Ensuring language concordance within patient–physician dyads may maximize the potential for vaccine uptake and physician trust.
Ur Dad Is My Gardener: Antiracist Conversations for Educational Leaders
Authors: Watkins Nancy , Clark Larika
Published: July 2023

Racism, social media, and free speech collide on a high school campus when a student creates an offensive poster that a classmate posts on social media. This case describes a school administrator’s conversations and actions with students, teachers, and the community addressing bigotry, race, and free speech on campus. The scenario is presented from the perspective of a school leader leading a campus through an incident of offensive speech aimed at a rival high school and posted on social media. This case focuses on educators’ responses to the issues presented through critical conversations and an intergroup dialogue protocol. The case elicits questions about hate speech, antiracist conversations, and accountability.
Endovascular revascularization of chronically occluded common carotid artery for symptomatic cerebral hypoperfusion
Authors: Oushy Soliman , Borg Nicholas , Madhani Sarosh Irfan , Brinjikji Waleed , Savastano Luis E.
Published: July 2023

Endovascular recanalization is increasingly being utilized in symptomatic patients with chronically occluded carotid arteries. 1 In carefully selected patients, endovascular recanalization has shown to lower the risk of ischemic events when compared to medical management alone.1 However, successful endovascular revascularization is technically challenging and not without risk. 1 , 2 In this video, we demonstrate a case of a 64-year-old woman who presented with recurrent transient ischemic attacks. On imaging she was found to have a chronic total occlusion of the common carotid artery from the arch. After obtaining informed consent, the patient underwent a successful endovascular recanalization and stenting of a chronically occluded left common carotid artery with aid from an intravascular guided re-entry catheter. Post operatively the patient developed a neck hematoma which improved and she returned to her neurological baseline. She reported no further symptoms on her three month follow up.
Evaluating quality of contraceptive counseling using SERVQUAL model: A cross-sectional study in southern Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Geta Hardido Temesgen , Toru Tigistu , Ataro Bizuayehu Atinafu , Saol Tilahun
Published: July 2023

Background:

Providing quality contraceptive counseling services is essential to support mothers in using modern contraceptives that meet their needs. However, the quality of service provision has not been evaluated in a study setting.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the quality of contraceptive counseling using a service quality model in southern Ethiopia.

Design:

A facility-based cross-section study was conducted.

Methods:

The study was conducted from 15 May to 15 June 2021 at the public health facilities of Boloso Bombe Woreda in southern Ethiopia. In total, 391 clients were included using systematic sampling techniques. Data were collected using a structured service quality questionnaire, entered into EPI data version 3.1, and analyzed using SPSS version 25 for data analysis. The significant difference and correlation between the mean of a client’s perception and expectation were determined using the Wilcoxon’s sign test. The correlation between sociodemographic characteristics and the quality of counseling was tested using the Friedman’s test. A p value of <0.05 was taken as the criterion for statistical significance. Finally, the result was presented in a table and pie chart.

Results:

The study participants included 391 women of childbearing age attending family planning clinics, with a 96.6% response rate. Overall, the quality of advice was found to be low. Respondents’ ages (p < 0.001, χ2 = 385.00), number of living children (p < 0.001, χ2 = 381.04), marital status (p < 0.001, χ2 = 359.60), type of contraceptive method (p < 0.001, χ2 = 379.61), user type (p < 0.001, χ2 = 368.59), occupations (p < 0.001, χ2 = 379.00), and educational status (p < 0.001, χ2 = 371), 20) were statistically associated with the quality of counseling service.

Conclusion:

In all health facilities, the quality of contraceptive counseling services was low. Family planning users had high expectations of the contraceptive counseling service compared to that which they received.
Menstrual cycle symptoms are associated with nutrient intake: Results from network analysis from an online survey
Authors: Ghazzawi Hadeel A. , Alhaj Omar , Bragazzi Nicola , Alnimer Lana , Jahrami Haitham
Published: July 2023

Background:

Less is understood about female’s nutrient intake’s impact on the severity of the menstrual cycle (MC) symptoms, which consequently interferes with their life quality.

Objectives:

The goal of this study is to look at the relationship between female nutrient consumption and the severity of MC symptoms to better understand how food affects women’s quality of life during their MCs.

Design:

To investigate this impact among healthy adult women, a self-administered, cross-sectional online questionnaire was obtained from 204 regularly menstruating women aged between 18 and 40.

Methods:

The questionnaire included questions on sociodemographic characteristics, a semi-food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), Arabic Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (A-PMS-S) for MC symptoms.

Results:

Results showed intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was associated with lower no to mild versus moderate to severe physical symptoms (odds ratio (OR): 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59–0.85; p < 0.001), psychological symptoms (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77–0.99; p < 0.05), and functioning symptoms (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.83–1.02; p > 0.1). Thiamine prevented psychological symptoms (OR: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.02–0.02; p < 0.001), physiological symptoms (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.58–0.60; p < 0.001), and functioning symptoms (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.47–0.48; p < 0.001). Saturated fat, iron, and niacin intakes increased the risk of experiencing MC psychological symptoms.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that MC symptoms were correlated with some nutrient intake from food sources, which is considered an external controllable factor more than demographic characteristics. Therefore, women should be aware of the type of food consumed during their monthly MC phase.
Rethinking Norm Psychology
Authors: Heyes Cecilia
Published: July 2023

Norms permeate human life. Most of people’s activities can be characterized by rules about what is appropriate, allowed, required, or forbidden—rules that are crucial in making people hyper-cooperative animals. In this article, I examine the current cognitive-evolutionary account of “norm psychology” and propose an alternative that is better supported by evidence and better placed to promote interdisciplinary dialogue. The incumbent theory focuses on rules and claims that humans genetically inherit cognitive and motivational mechanisms specialized for processing these rules. The cultural-evolutionary alternative defines normativity in relation to behavior—compliance, enforcement, and commentary—and suggests that it depends on implicit and explicit processes. The implicit processes are genetically inherited and domain-general; rather than being specialized for normativity, they do many jobs in many species. The explicit processes are culturally inherited and domain-specific; they are constructed from mentalizing and reasoning by social interaction in childhood. The cultural-evolutionary, or “cognitive gadget,” perspective suggests that people alive today—parents, educators, elders, politicians, lawyers—have more responsibility for sustaining normativity than the nativist view implies. People’s actions not only shape and transmit the rules, but they also create in each new generation mental processes that can grasp the rules and put them into action.
Three Challenges for AI-Assisted Decision-Making
Authors: Steyvers Mark , Kumar Aakriti
Published: July 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve human decision-making by providing decision recommendations and problem-relevant information to assist human decision-makers. However, the full realization of the potential of human–AI collaboration continues to face several challenges. First, the conditions that support complementarity (i.e., situations in which the performance of a human with AI assistance exceeds the performance of an unassisted human or the AI in isolation) must be understood. This task requires humans to be able to recognize situations in which the AI should be leveraged and to develop new AI systems that can learn to complement the human decision-maker. Second, human mental models of the AI, which contain both expectations of the AI and reliance strategies, must be accurately assessed. Third, the effects of different design choices for human-AI interaction must be understood, including both the timing of AI assistance and the amount of model information that should be presented to the human decision-maker to avoid cognitive overload and ineffective reliance strategies. In response to each of these three challenges, we present an interdisciplinary perspective based on recent empirical and theoretical findings and discuss new research directions.
Open fractures of the hand: a new classification based on risk score to predict infection requiring re-debridement
Authors: Atthakomol Pichitchai , Thachooprakorn Nitipong , Phinyo Phichayut , Manosroi Worapaka
Published: July 2023

We developed a classification for open hand fractures based on risk score to predict the risk of infection requiring re-debridement. A total of 846 retrospectively included patients underwent multivariable analysis with backward elimination to derive the predictive risk score from independent predictors. The incidence of infection requiring re-debridement was 4%. Independent predictors include diabetes mellitus or immunocompromised condition, injuries from a bite, fractures with comminution/bone loss, neurovascular injuries and inadequate soft tissue coverage. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the prediction score was 0.79. The new classification system for open hand fractures divides patients into three groups: low-risk open fractures (Type I, score <1); moderate-risk open fractures (Type II, score 1 to 2.5); and high-risk open fractures (Type III, score >2.5), based on the risk of infection requiring re-debridement. Re-debridement and delayed primary closure are suggested for type III open fractures.

Level of evidence: III
Long-term efficacy and safety of the Dumon stent for treatment of benign airway stenosis
Authors: Lin Li-Qin , Chen Di-Fei , Wu Hong-Kai , Chen Yu , Zhong Chang-Hao , Chen Xiao-Bo , Tang Chun-Li , Zhou Zi-Qing , Li Shi-Yue
Published: July 2023

Background:

The long-term efficacy of the Dumon stent in the treatment of benign airway stenosis is unclear.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of the Dumon stent in patients with benign airway stenosis.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed patients with benign airway stenosis who were treated with a Dumon stent at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between March 2014 and October 2021. We included patients with successful removal of silicone stents after implantation. The clinical data and information on bronchoscopic interventional procedures and related complications were collected and analyzed.

Results:

Ninety-nine patients with benign airway stenosis were included. The stent was placed mainly in the trachea (44.4%) and left main bronchus (43.4%). The main type of stenosis was post-tuberculosis bronchial stenosis (57.6%). The overall cure rate was 60.6%. Stent-related complications included retention of secretions (70.7%), granuloma formation (67.7%), stent angulation (21.2%), and stent migration (12.1%). The stent was less effective for left main bronchus stenosis ( p = 0.012). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that stent placement for more than 13 months, a stent-intervention number of ⩽ 1 predicted a favorable outcome.

Conclusion:

The efficacy and safety of the Dumon stent for benign airway stenosis need improvement. The stent is less effective for left main bronchus stenosis; regular follow-up is required in such cases. Stent placement for > 13 months and no more than once stent intervention within a 6-month period were associated with a favorable outcome.
Machine learning for prognostics and health management of industrial mechanical systems and equipment: A systematic literature review
Authors: Polverino Lorenzo , Abbate Raffaele , Manco Pasquale , Perfetto Donato , Caputo Francesco , Macchiaroli Roberto , Caterino Mario
Published: July 2023

In the last decade, the adoption of technological tools in manufacturing industry, such as the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML), has led to the advent of the industry 4.0 (I4.0). In this scenario, intelligent devices can generate large volumes of data about industrial machinery and equipment that can be used to make maintenance more efficient. Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) is an emerging maintenance strategy that uses systems’ Condition Monitoring through IoT sensors installed on machinery to diagnose their faults or estimate their Remaining Useful Life (RUL). This study aims to conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the use of ML techniques in the field of PHM of industrial mechanical systems and equipment. 50 studies resulted eligible for the above-mentioned SLR. Diagnostics and prognostics approach and the ML algorithm types used in the 50 analyzed papers have been analyzed together with the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) used for their validation. From the analyses, it was found that Shallow Learning and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms are the most applied ones, while KPIs are used differently according to the type of task classification or regression. Moreover, results highlighted that many authors still use artificial datasets to test their algorithms, instead of datasets based on real data retrieved by their components. For the last type of datasets, this paper also introduces a schematic framework to standardize the step-by-step diagnostics and prognostics process carried out by the authors.
Localized tenosynovial giant cell tumor in children
Authors: Du Xifeng , Xia Anning , Sun Junying , Ye Yinting
Published: July 2023

Background:

To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical efficacy of localized tenosynovial giant cell tumors in children.

Methods:

The clinical data, surgery, and follow-up results of 17 children with localized tenosynovial giant cell tumors who visited our hospital from 2011 to 2021 were collected for statistical analysis.

Results:

The median patient age was 7 years and 8 months, and the ratio of males to females was 1.43 (10/7). The predilection of disease was similar in hands and feet, and the common presenting symptom was mass. One patient experienced recurrence after surgery, and one child had postoperative functional limitations.

Conclusion:

Extremities are common sites of localized tenosynovial giant cell tumors in children. Complete surgical resection helps reduce the recurrence rate.

Level of evidence:

Level III
Association of Smartphone-Based Activity Tracking and Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in People With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Gardner Daphne , Tan Hong Chang , Lim Gek Hsiang , Zin Oo May , Xin Xiaohui , Kingsworth Andrew , Choudhary Pratik , Rama Chandran Suresh
Published: July 2023

Background:

Nocturnal hypoglycemia (NH) remains a major burden for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Daytime physical activity (PA) increases the risk of NH. This pilot study tested whether cumulative daytime PA measured using a smartphone-based step tracker was associated with NH.

Methods:

Adults with T1D for ≥ 5 years (y) on multiple daily insulin or continuous insulin infusion, not using continuous glucose monitoring and HbA1c 6 to 10% wore blinded Freestyle Libre Pro sensors and recorded total daily carbohydrate (TDC) and total daily dose (TDD) of insulin. During this time, daily step count (DSC) was tracked using the smartphone-based Fitbit MobileTrack application. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of DSC on NH (sensor glucose <70, <54 mg/dl for ≥15 minutes), while adjusting for TDC and TDD of insulin, and treating participants as a random effect.

Results:

Twenty-six adults, with 65.4% females, median age 27 years (interquartile range: 26-32) mean body mass index 23.9 kg/m2, median HbA1c 7.6% (7.1-8.1) and mean Gold Score 2.1 (standard deviation 1.0) formed the study population. The median DSC for the whole group was 2867 (1820-4807). There was a significant effect of DSC on NH episodes <70 mg/dl. (odds ratio 1.11 [95% CI: 1.01-1.23, P = .04]. There was no significant effect on NH <54 mg/dl.

Conclusion:

Daily PA measured by a smartphone-based step tracker was associated with the risk of NH in people with type 1 diabetes.
Action Plan and Model to Reduce Potential Opioid Overdose Deaths on K-12 Campuses
Authors: Davis Charles R. , Plotkin Michael , Kelly Nichole
Published: July 2023

School communities are not immune to the alarming increase in opioid-related deaths occurring in the United States during the past decade. The purpose of this article is to share how a middle school in New York State, beginning in the late fall of 2022, successfully implemented a program to reduce the likelihood of opioid overdose deaths in their building through expansion of the accessibility of and education and training in use of naloxone, an opioid antagonist. The program is applicable for all K-12 campuses and follows the Model of Greater Awareness, Improved Training, and Increased Availability of and Accessibility to Intervention Devices, based on the steps successfully used for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest emergencies. Because opioid addiction does not discriminate, it is confidently projected that these targeted actions will proactively and positively reduce the likelihood of opioid overdose deaths in our school setting, including for students, faculty, staff, administrators, and visitors, when and should they occur.
When Less Is More: Defensive National Identity Predicts Sacrifice of Ingroup Profit to Maximize the Difference Between Groups
Authors: Gronfeldt Bjarki , Cislak Aleksandra , Marinthe Gaëlle , Cichocka Aleksandra
Published: July 2023

We propose that defensive forms of identity (i.e., nationalism and national narcissism) can harm the nation through a tendency to maximize the difference between own and other groups in resource allocation. We test this hypothesis by adopting a classic social psychological paradigm, the Tajfel’s matrices, to real-life scenarios designed in the COVID-19 context. We captured maximizing the difference as a preference for one’s nation being allocated more medical resources relative to other countries, but at the expense of absolute ingroup profit. In Studies 1 and 2, defensiveness in national identity predicted this counterproductive strategy that ultimately benefits neither ingroup nor outgroup. In experimental Study 3, inducing ingroup disadvantage led to a greater tendency to maximize the difference. The results provide evidence that defensive national identity might be liked to support for policies that offer a positive intergroup comparison, but simultaneously harm one’s own ingroup.
Effectiveness of pedometer- and accelerometer-based interventions in improving physical activity and health-related outcomes among college students: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Sanying , Othman Ahmad Tajuddin , Khairani Ahmad Zamri , zeng Gao , Xiaogang Zhou , Fang Yuan
Published: July 2023

Background

Although the pedometer- and accelerometer-based interventions (PABI) have demonstrated efficacy in improving physical activity (PA) and health-related outcomes, the dearth of empirical evidence in college students warrants further investigation.

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to examine the effects of PABI on improving PA and health-related outcomes among college students.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO were searched for relevant literature from inception to 20 February 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted among college students with PABI to increase objectively measured PA as the primary outcome were included in this study.

Results

A total of nine RCTs with 527 participants were included in this study. The combined results showed that PABI significantly improved PA (standardized mean difference = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08, 0.74, P = 0.016) and significantly contributed to weight loss (mean differences (MD) = −1.56 kg, 95% CI: −2.40 kg, −0.73 kg, P < 0.01), and lower body mass index (MD = −0.33 kg/m2, 95% CI: −0.66 kg/m2, 0.00 kg/m2, P = 0.05) compared to the control group, but no significant effects were observed on improvements of body fat (%) and exercise self-efficacy. Interventions in the group of step, general students, pedometer-based intervention, theory, and developed region were significantly more effective in subgroup analyses.

Conclusions

PABI was found to be effective in promoting PA and weight loss among college students. Future research is needed to further explore the long-term effects of PABI and the characteristics of multiple intervention models.
Investigating the Dynamic Association Among CO2 Emission, Energy Use, and Economic Growth: Evidence From China
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Ma Hengyun , Ahmad Munir , Rauf Abdul
Published: July 2023

Environmental pollution and climatic variations are due to CO2 emissions and considered an important global issue. The key aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic association among CO2 emission, energy use, and economic growth in China. Secondary data was used in this study ranging from 1971 to 2014, and data stationarity was verified by applying the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach and Granger causality test with vector error correction model was used to check the causal connection amid the study variables. Outcomes expose that energy use, economic growth and gross domestic product has positive coefficients through long-run analysis with p-values (.062), (.000), and (.100), respectively, that validate the significant association with CO2 emission. Furthermore, the outcomes of short-run analysis also uncover that energy use, economic growth, and gross domestic product have a significant association with CO2 emission in China. Potential conservative policies are needed from the Chinese government to reduce CO2 emissions and resources to resolve the problem without impacting the economic progress.