bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preanalytics and Precision Pathology: Pathology Practices to Ensure Molecular Integrity of Cancer Patient Biospecimens for Precision Medicine
Authors: Compton Carolyn C. , Robb James A. , Anderson Matthew W. , Berry Anna B. , Birdsong George G. , Bloom Kenneth J. , Branton Philip A. , Crothers Jessica W. , Cushman-Vokoun Allison M. , Hicks David G. , Khoury Joseph D. , Laser Jordan , Marshall Carrie B. , Misialek Michael J. , Natale Kristen E. , Nowak Jan Anthony , Olson Damon , Pfeifer John D. , Schade Andrew , Vance Gail H. , Walk Eric E. , Yohe Sophia Louise
Published: July 2019

Biospecimens acquired during routine medical practice are the primary sources of molecular information about patients and their diseases that underlies precision medicine and translational research. In cancer care, molecular analysis of biospecimens is especially common because it often determines treatment choices and may be used to monitor therapy in real time. However, patient specimens are collected, handled, and processed according to routine clinical procedures during which they are subjected to factors that may alter their molecular quality and composition. Such artefactual alteration may skew data from molecular analyses, render analysis data uninterpretable, or even preclude analysis altogether if the integrity of a specimen is severely compromised. As a result, patient care and safety may be affected, and medical research dependent on patient samples may be compromised. Despite these issues, there is currently no requirement to control or record preanalytical variables in clinical practice with the single exception of breast cancer tissue handled according to the guideline jointly developed by the American Society of Clinical Oncology and College of American Pathologists (CAP) and enforced through the CAP Laboratory Accreditation Program. Recognizing the importance of molecular data derived from patient specimens, the CAP Personalized Healthcare Committee established the Preanalytics for Precision Medicine Project Team to develop a basic set of evidence-based recommendations for key preanalytics for tissue and blood specimens. If used for biospecimens from patients, these preanalytical recommendations would ensure the fitness of those specimens for molecular analysis and help to assure the quality and reliability of the analysis data.
O enfermeiro e o exercício da advocacia do paciente
Authors: Mayer Barbara Letícia Dudel , Bernardo Mariana da Silva , Nascimento Eliane Regina Pereira do , Bertoncello Kátia Cilene Godinho , Raulino Amantino Rodrigues
Published: July 2019

This study’s objective was to present a reflection upon the role of nurses as patientadvocates, considering the current context of health services in Brazil. The role of apatient advocate has been added to the practice of nurses in order to promote anddefend the interests and wellbeing of patients, ensuring patients are aware of theirrights and have access to information to improve their health. A discussion regardingthe difficulties and ethical challenges nurses face, especially when advocating forpatients, should be intrinsic to daily health practice and especially during academictraining. The conclusion is that the nursing field has a long way forward in terms ofpatient advocacy, so that in the future, this activity will be based on daily practice.
A criança hospitalizada e a ludicidade
Authors: Alves Liriah Rodrigues Burmann , Moura Ana Socorro , Melo Manuela Costa , Moura Frederico Caetano , Brito Petruza Damaceno , Moura Ludmila Caetano
Published: July 2019

OBJETIVO: entender lo lúdico en el contexto hospitalario del niño. MÉTODO: estudio de enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio realizado entre enero y abril de 2017 en un hospital público del Distrito Federal. METODOLOGÍA: se llevaron a cabo entrevistas a 17 responsables de niños ingresados. Los testimonios se grabaron, trascribieron y analizaron según su contenido temático. RESULTADOS: los datos recogidos coincidían en dos temas: el sentimiento del cuidador hacia la hospitalización y la actitud del niño durante la internación. Se entendió que el impacto biopsicosocial del niño ingresado interfiere en su restablecimiento y la estrategia de uso de recursos lúdicos le permite expresar sus sentimientos. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES: lo lúdico se ha vuelto una estrategia que permite descubrir la manera cómo el niño maneja sus emociones y un mecanismo que lo ayuda a afrontar la nueva situación.
Aquisição de habilidades para obtenção de dados subjetivos e manejo de emoções do paciente
Authors: Ribeiro Vanessa Santos , Morais Sheila Coelho Ramalho Vasconcelos , Zamarioli Cristina Mara , Guilherme Caroline , Kusumota Luciana , Carvalho Emilia Campos
Published: July 2019

OBJETIVO: analizar el aporte de la metodología de la problematización en el aprendizaje de habilidades comunicativas de estudiantes de enfermería para obtención de datos y manejo de emociones del paciente. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo realizado según el método de la problematización con el arco de Maguerez. Se utilizó un video como efecto disparador de la problematización, se identificaron los puntos clave y, después del proceso de teorización, en la hipótesis de solución, los alumnos contestaron las preguntas hechas al principio. En grupos de cinco participantes, los estudiantes asumieron distintos roles como enfermero, paciente, acompañante y observador, y adaptaron el problema a la realidad. Aquéllos que eran enfermeros evaluaban las quejas e intervenían en el manejo de las emociones de los “pacientes”. Los “observadores” prestaban atención a las técnicas de comunicación en la interacción entre ellos. Todos participaron del debriefing. RESULTADOS: participaron 88 estudiantes de un instituto público de grado en Enfermería. Al identificar los puntos clave los estudiantes apuntaron 54 cuestiones sobre aspectos de la comunicación entre enfermeros y pacientes. Durante el desarrollo del arco, en las charlas de los participantes, pudieron identificarse los elementos que condujeron la entrevista, obtención de datos de las quejas a través del método OPQRST, manejo de las emociones con las técnicas de comunicación NURSE, Ask-Tell- Ask, Tell Me More y comunicación terapéutica, además de otros asuntos indicados por los estudiantes. CONCLUSIÓN: los datos mostraron que en las condiciones del presente estudio el arco de Maguerez es eficaz para la enseñanza del contenido propuesto.
Atividade fungitóxica de extratos de Piper sp. contra os fungos Rhizoctonia solani e Sclerotium rolfsii
Authors: Sousa Iasmin , Fernandes Cleberson de Freitas , Vieira Junior José Roberto , Silva Deizieny , Mendes Taciára Letícia Oliveira , Freire Tamiris Chaves , Fonseca Aline Souza da , Sangi Simone Carvalho
Published: July 2019

A busca por mecanismos que podem ajudar no controle de fitopatógenos tem sido recorrente, tendo como fonte a diversidade biológica, dada à sua variabilidade, fornecendo compostos com ação farmacológica diversa, tal qual no combate de microrganismos. Estudos relatam o uso de extratos contra os fungos fitopatogênicos com o objetivo de manter um equilíbrio destes patógenos, por estes causarem grandes danos em diversas culturas agrícolas. Por tanto este trabalho tem como objetivo testar extratos de Piper sp. contra os fungos Rhizoctonia solani e Sclerotium rolfsii, patógenos de extrema importância na cultura do feijoeiro. Desta forma, foram coletadas na casa de vegetação da Embrapa Rondônia, talos e folhas de Piper sp. e, após sua maceração, em solução extratora tampão PBS 0,1 M obteve-se os extratos, na proporção 1:10 (p/v, g/mL). Os extratos foram adicionados ao meio BDA semi-sólido na proporção 1/100 (V/V) sendo em seguida homogeneizados e vertidos em placas de petri. No centro das placas, discos de micélio dos patógenos foram depositados, sendo vedadas e incubadas em câmara B.O.D. por até 96h, sob condições controladas de temperatura e fotoperíodo de 12h. A atividade antifúngica dos extratos também foi avaliada em experimento in vivo, conduzido em casa de vegetação. Para tanto, plântulas de feijoeiro foram inoculadas com os patógenos e testadas com diferentes concentrações dos extratos de Piper sp. Foram avaliadas 6 concentrações, com 5 repetições por tratamento. Como controles foram usados tampão PBS 0,1 M e os fungicidas Amistar e Vitavax, conforme recomendação do fabricante. As avaliações foram realizadas diariamente, a partir do segundo dia de incubação, nas quais foram feitas as medições do halo de crescimento dos fungos, por meio de um paquímetro, até que a medição das placas que continham o grupo controle com PBS atingissem a borda das mesmas. Dos extratos testados, o extrato de talo promoveu inibição do crescimento de R. solani estatisticamente superior ao efeito do fungicida comercial, enquanto que contra S. rolfsii, embora o extrato tenha sido eficiente, o efeito foi inferior ao do fungicida testado. Este trabalho permite inferir que extratos de Piper sp. apresentaram atividades significativas contra os fungos Rhizoctonia solani e Sclerotium rolfsii. Novos testes serão realizados para verificar sua eficiência in vivo (campo).
Działania władz lokalnych na rzecz przezwyciężenia konfliktów powstałych na tle likwidacji szkół w gminach wiejskich = Actions of local authorities aiming to overcome conflicts due to schools liquidation in rural municipalities
Authors: Kołomycew Anna
Published: July 2019

Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka jednej z form zarządzania konfliktem, tj. przezwyciężenia konfliktu powstałego na tle likwidacji szkół na obszarach wiejskich. Przedstawione analizy bazują na wynikach badań empirycznych prowadzonych wśród interesariuszy lokalnej polityki oświatowej w Polsce w latach 2016‒2018. Badania koncentrowały się na działaniach władz lokalnych zmierzających do przezwyciężenia konfliktu powstałego w związku z planowaną likwidacją lokalnych szkół i dotyczyły nauczycieli, którzy w badanych gminach byli inspiratorami i liderami lokalnego konfliktu. Stosowane wobec nich działania nie rozwiązywały konfliktu (nie eliminowały jego przyczyny – likwidacji szkół) i nie były racjonalne z punktu widzenia ekonomicznego (brak oszczędności), niemniej pozwalały przezwyciężyć konflikt, zapewniając wycofanie się z niego nauczycieli.
Wizja zagospodarowania przestrzennego gmin wiejskich województwa łódzkiego jako przejaw zarządzania przestrzenią = Vision of spatial development of rural municipalities in the Łódzkie Voivodeship as an element of spatial planning
Authors: Feltynowski Marcin
Published: July 2019

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie priorytetów przeznaczenia gruntów w studiach uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego. Szczególnie istotne staje się to z perspektywy gmin wiejskich, które muszą w sposób przemyślany wskazywać nowe obszary do zabudowy mieszkaniowej. Istotnym elementem zapisów studium jest fakt, że miejscowe plany zagospodarowania przestrzennego muszą być zgodne z ich wytycznymi, co wymusza konieczność racjonalności już na etapie przygotowywania studiów uwarunkowań. Istota studiów uwarunkowań polega na tym, że są to obecnie jedyne kompleksowe i obligatoryjne dokumenty sporządzane dla całego obszaru gminy. Analiza studiów uwarunkowań gmin wiejskich województwa łódzkiego przeprowadzona została na podstawie danych gromadzonych w badaniu „Lokalne planowanie i zagospodarowanie przestrzenne”, prowadzonym przez ministra właściwego do spraw budownictwa, planowania, zagospodarowania przestrzennego i mieszkalnictwa. Na ich podstawie dokonano klasyfikacji gmin w oparciu o sposób przeznaczenia gruntów pod określone zagospodarowanie. Sporządzona klasyfikacja jest podstawą dla określenia zróżnicowania przestrzennego badanego zjawiska wśród samorządów.
Przestrzeń (nie)negocjowana. Zasady uczestnictwa społeczności lokalnych w kształtowaniu wiejskiej przestrzeni w polskim prawie = A (non-)negotiated space. Rules for the participation of local societies in shaping rural space under the Polish law
Authors: Bednarek-Szczepańska Maria
Published: July 2019

Celem artykułu jest ocena obowiązujących w Polsce przepisów prawa dotyczących uczestnictwa społeczności lokalnych w kształtowaniu wiejskiej przestrzeni w odniesieniu do drabiny S. Arnstein i koncepcji collaborative planning. W pracy przyjęto, że kształtowanie przestrzeni obejmuje zarówno tworzenie i ustalanie granic obszarów, jej planowanie o różnych stopniach szczegółowości (ustalanie kierunków rozwoju, definiowanie przeznaczenia i użytkowania obszarów), jak również planowanie i realizację konkretnych przedsięwzięć. Dokonano przeglądu 27 aktów prawnych (ustaw i rozporządzeń ogólnokrajowych), które nakreślają ramy włączenia społeczeństwa (w tym społeczności lokalnych) w kształtowanie wiejskiej przestrzeni oraz posłużono się interpretacjami przepisów prawa dokonanymi przez innych autorów. Inspirując się drabiną partycypacji według S. Arnstein (1969), zaproponowano schemat ilustrujący stopień gwarantowanego przez prawo uczestnictwa społeczeństwa w postępowaniach dotyczących kształtowania wiejskiej przestrzeni w podziale na kategorie, z uwzględnieniem roli społeczności lokalnych.
Le Bulletin de l’Association canadienne des bibliothécaires de langue française (ACBLF) (1955-1972) et la bibliothéconomie québécoise
Authors: Lajeunesse Marcel
Published: July 2019

Le Bulletin de l’Association canadienne des bibliothécaires de langue française (ACBLF) a été créé en 1955 à l’instigation d’Edmond Desrochers. Ce faisant, l’ACBLF rompait les liens qu’elle avait tissés avec Fides depuis ses débuts en 1943. Au début de la décennie 1960, la bibliothéconomie québécoise connaît un renouveau avec la fondation de l’École de bibliothéconomie et le vote par l’Assemblée législative de deux lois, l’une sur la bibliothèque publique et l’autre sur la bibliothèque scolaire. Quelques années plus tard, le Québec se dote d’une bibliothèque nationale. Pour le Bulletin, ces années représentent aussi une coupure avec la vision traditionaliste et moralisante du livre et de la bibliothèque. Dès lors, le Bulletin a accompagné les changements et a reflété l’accès à la modernité concernant le livre et la bibliothèque dans la société québécoise.
Les associations de bibliothécaires et de documentalistes et d’archivistes en France
Authors: Lahary Dominique
Published: July 2019

Le paysage associatif français se retrouve particulièrement chez les bibliothécaires, davantage que chez les documentalistes et archivistes. Aux côtés des trois grandes associations généralistes que sont celles des bibliothécaires de France, des professionnels de l’information et de la documentation et des archivistes français, on rencontre des organisations par type d’établissement, domaine professionnel, contenu documentaire, catégorie de public ou encore dédiées à une mission précise. Regroupant tantôt des personnes physiques, tantôt des personnes morales, tantôt les deux, ces associations de quelques membres à plusieurs milliers se définissent des objectifs de défense et de promotion des professions et métiers ou établissements ; elles jouent un rôle de représentation pour leurs interlocuteurs et leur communauté professionnelle et se fondent volontiers sur des valeurs professionnelles énoncées dans des chartes ou manifestes. Elles cherchent à peser sur les décideurs. Elles favorisent la réflexion et l’échange par des publications et des rencontres. Elles n’ont pas le monopole de l’expression et de la veille dont les possibilités ont été multipliées par la révolution numérique, mais demeurent uniques dans leurs fonctions de représentation et d’action, distincte de celle des syndicats. Elles auront à le relever les défis du renouvellement générationnel permanent en trouvant les formules de large participation de leurs adhérents.
Le Groupe interdisciplinaire de recherche en archivistique (GIRA) : éléments de son évolution et activités principales depuis 30 ans
Authors: Nahuet Robert
Published: July 2019

Le Groupe interdisciplinaire de recherche en archivistique (GIRA) aura 30 ans en 2018. Il nous semblait opportun de brosser, même à grands traits, les principaux éléments de son évolution et sa contribution au développement de l’archivistique au Québec. En tout premier lieu, nous présenterons ce groupe de recherche et ses objectifs spécifiques. Nous dévoilerons par la suite les principaux éléments de l’évolution de son comité de direction : des membres fondateurs au « foisonnement » des membres depuis la dernière décennie. Dans une deuxième partie, nous étudierons le réseau du GIRA en prenant en compte les conférenciers, présentateurs et commentateurs qui se sont succédé pendant plus de deux décennies lors des rencontres tenues tous les quatre ans. Il s’agit de dégager une image de l’étendue des contacts professionnels des membres du groupe de recherche. Une troisième partie dressera un panorama des rencontres tenues depuis 1990 et identifiera les points de convergence entre ces symposiums. Nous aborderons la recherche en archivistique et la place occupée par celle-ci tout au long des rencontres dans une quatrième partie et tenterons également de lever le voile sur l’existence d’un champ spécifique pour la recherche en archivistique au Québec. Nous terminerons par une conclusion qui identifiera les traits caractéristiques de l’archivistique au Québec, qui a nettement atteint un seuil de maturité, et le rôle joué par le GIRA.
Les associations professionnelles en sciences de l’information : le cas du Maroc
Authors: Alaoui Siham
Published: July 2019

Les professionnels de l’information, dans la diversité de leurs profils académiques et professionnels (archivistes, gestionnaires de documents, techniciens en documentation, bibliothécaires, veilleurs, etc.) sont des acteurs responsables de la gestion de l’information dans la diversité de ses supports afin d’en renforcer la valeur dans la prise de décision, que ce soit dans le domaine administratif, économique ou encore socioculturel. Avec les mutations continues que la société subit, ces professionnels ont besoin d’une instance qui veille à leur visibilité et contribue au rayonnement des métiers en sciences de l’information. C’est le rôle rempli par les associations professionnelles. Le présent article brosse un bref portrait du regroupement professionnel en sciences de l’information au Maroc, soit l’Association nationale des informatistes.
L’Association des bibliothèques publiques du Québec (ABPQ) : un acteur indissociable du développement des bibliothèques publiques du Québec
Authors: Boisvert Denis
Published: July 2019

Le but du présent article est de mettre en perspective l’implication de l’Association des bibliothèques publiques du Québec (ABPQ) dans le développement des bibliothèques publiques du Québec depuis sa création en 1984. À partir d’une approche thématique, retracer le parcours de cette association vouée à la promotion des bibliothèques publiques permettra de démontrer son rôle au cours des 30 dernières années. L’accent sera mis sur les principaux enjeux et défis auxquels elle a dû faire face pour en arriver à être reconnue à titre de catalyseur du développement des bibliothèques publiques du Québec. Les dispositifs mis de l’avant par les acteurs de l’ABPQ impliqués dans une dynamique de contestation culturelle, sans oublier les principaux résultats obtenus, feront aussi l’objet de cet article.
Fossil heritage conservation in Scotland
Authors: McFadyen Colin C.J.
Published: July 2019

A globally significant palaeontological resource is an integral part of Scotland’s geoheritage. A strong amateur collector tradition, extending back over two centuries has helped fuel scientific advance with the fossil resource also supporting hobby collecting. However, during the long history of collecting activity, finite fossil resources have been under pressure with instances of large-scale collecting that has damaged some particularly vulnerable localities. Legislative provisions over recent decades offer robust site-based protection that will have safeguarded some of the best and most representative fossil localities. Additionally, the Scottish Fossil Code, the first national code of its type, has had a role in helping to raise awareness of Scotland’s fossil heritage and engender its responsible collecting and subsequent care. The Code as designed appears to be working to an extent. However bespoke site management approaches are required for the most vulnerable localities with additional site safeguard measures being adopted where required. Care is being given to ensure that ongoing and potential future efforts to curb occasional instances of damaging collecting activity do not operate to the detriment of the amateur collector tradition and the encouragement of interest in palaeontology particularly in younger and future generations.
Palaeontological Heritage: protected vs. unprotected areas. The case of Clot de Galvany Municipal Natural Park and Elche reservoir surroundings
Authors: Sánchez-Ferris Esteban José
Published: July 2019

Concerning palaeontological and geological heritage of a particular place, being or not being under legal protection influences its preservation. As two examples, cases of Clot de Galvany Municipal Natural Park and Elche reservoir surroundings are exposed. Developed by the Palaeontologic Museum of Elche, Project FOPALI assessment methodology has been applied.
20 years at campus: heritage assessment update for Somosaguas fossil geosite (Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid)
Authors: Sualdea Lucía R. , Oliver Adriana , Blanco Fernando , Menéndez Iris , Hernández Fernández Manuel , Domingo Laura , Gómez Cano Ana Rosa
Published: July 2019

The palaeontological heritage evaluation of the Somosaguas fossil geosite has been revised on the basis of scientific and sociocultural criteria. By means of this study have been proposed four new criteria that arise from new scientific and social trends as well as technological advances. A temporal comparison has been established with previous evaluations obtained in the years 2000 and 2012. The results indicated an increase in the initial score of the geosite in each revision. Our study shows the relevance of palaeontological heritage evaluations as useful tools to improve fossil geosites management.
The paleontological and archaeological museum “Ildefonso Recio Valverde” (Totanés, Toledo). A new area for understanding our past
Authors: Vitón Íñigo , Cervilla-Muros Miguel Ángel , Morenos Víctor , Gutiérrez Sánchez Elena , Fraguas Ángela
Published: July 2019

The Palaeontological and Archaeological Museum “Ildefonso Recio Valverde” was recently opened in Totanés (Toledo). The material included in this museum mostly belonged to the personal collection of I. Recio, who donated it to this municipality to contribute to the dissemination of Palaeontology and Archaeology. Its creation, and the even more recent discovery of a Neolithic cromlech in its vicinity, provides this small village with great potential to become a centre for heritage tourism and scientific outreach. This paper presents the process of arranging the museum and cataloguing the paleontological collection, as well as outlining its value as a local museum.
La paleontología: el convidado de piedra de la Ley de Patrimonio Histórico de 1985
Authors: Morales Jorge
Published: July 2019

La ley de Patrimonio Histórico Español (PHE) de 1985 después de casi 35 años de su promulgación sigue viéndose desde el ámbito de las Ciencias Naturales con escepticismo no exento de contestación. En este trabajo se revisan los orígenes y causas de la inclusión de la Paleontología y Geología en esta ley, así como las consecuencias de su aplicación. Se concluye que solo desde las universidades puede abordarse un plan conjunto que evite la fragmentación e infravaloración de las colecciones paleontológicas, mediante el desarrollo de una red nacional de colecciones paleontológicas.
The most representative vertebrate fossil record and palaeontological heritage from the western Pyrenees
Authors: Badiola Ainara , Arlegi Mikel , Astibia Humberto , Bardet Nathalie , Berreteaga Ana , Corral J. Carmelo , Díaz-Martínez Ignacio , Gómez- Olivencia Asier , Lopez-Horgue Mikel A. , Perales-Gogenola Leire , Pereda-Suberbiola Xabier
Published: July 2019

The western Pyrenees is a territory with a remarkable geodiversity and an important fossil record, which constitutes a large archive of palaeobiodiversity. With respect to the vertebrate fossil record, the western Pyrenees (Basque-Cantabrian Region, Pamplona Basin and the north-western sector of the Ebro Basin) are relevant both from the point of view of palaeontological sites and fossil collections. Several vertebrate fossil sites are integrated into the Inventory of Geological Interest Sites (LIG) with high to very high palaeontological interest of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country. The valuation of the palaeobiodiversity and fossil record is an important step for the study of palaeontological heritage of a territory and the set-up of geoconservation designations (e.g., LIG, geosites). However, the mere inclusion of the palaeontological assents in these geoconservation designations does not guarantee either their protection and conservation or the suitable management of the fossil collection The scientific and cultural dissemination of the palaeontological heritage of a territory like one studied here should have greater collaboration between the palaeontologists that have valued the palaeontological assets and the technicians and institutions that manage them. This requires the provision of specific budgetary items that enable the development of the different activities of research, conservation and social dissemination of this heritage.
Working to the conservation and good use of the Devonian palaeontological heritage in Floresta, Boyacá (Colombia): a review of teaching case studies to engage students and the community
Authors: López-Otálvaro Gatsby-Emperatriz
Published: July 2019

The Floresta Massif, located in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, has a diverse and precious natural heritage. It is one of the areas that contains an exceptional palaeontological heritage of the Middle Devonian not only of Colombia, but also of South America. This heritage is represented by fossil specimens of marine fauna and terrestrial flora (correlated with North America and Europe) of the Floresta and Cuche Formations, respectively. Since 2004, actions made by several academic and research institutions, community and local government have introduced schoolchildren, teenagers and University students to art and science, and have promoted the conservation of palaeontological heritage as an essential, vibrant and relevant discipline. The high diversity of invertebrates, fishes and terrestrial plant fossils unearthed has promoted teaching and outreach projects, the creation of a small Museum of Palaeontology in the Floresta municipality, and the aim of developing a geotouristic ring road in the Floresta municipality and towns surrounding the Floresta massif. These initiatives are a lively example of conservation and good use of the palaeontological heritage of Floresta.
Association between knowledge of condom functions and condom use among sexually-active unmarried male adolescents in Indonesia
Authors: Rahmartani Lhuri Dwianti , Adisasmita Asri
Published: July 2019

Background: Premarital sex is culturally unacceptable in Indonesia and education on safe sex practice remains controversial. Meanwhile, Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys (IDHS) show gradual increase in the prevalence of sexually-active adolescents nationwide, particularly among unmarried males. Unfortunately, condom use is low among this population and it is unclear whether it relates to inadequate knowledge on safe sex practice including condoms. Objective: to see whether there is an association between knowledge on condom functions and condom use among adolescents. Method: cross-sectional study of 913 Indonesian unmarried males aged 15 – 24 who have had sex (IDHS Adolescent Reproductive Health 2012 dataset). The independent variable is knowledge on condom functions while the dependent variable is the use of condoms. Statistical analysis is performed using Chi Square and Cox regression. Result: The prevalence of condom use is about twice higher in respondents with sufficient knowledge on condom functions (31%), than in respondents without (15.1%); adjusted PR 2.38 (95%CI 1.47 – 3.85). Conclusion: Having knowledge about condoms is positively associated with safer sex practice among sexually active adolescents. Banning information on condoms may place sexually-active adolescents into unprotected sex. Education on safe sex practice is needed but should be cautiously tailored to meet cultural values.
Conditional deletion of glucocorticoid receptors in rat brain results in sex-specific deficits in fear and coping behaviors
Authors: Scheimann Jessie R , Moloney Rachel D , Mahbod Parinaz , Morano Rachel L , Fitzgerald Maureen , Hoskins Olivia , Packard Benjamin A , Cotella Evelin M , Hu Yueh-Chiang , Herman James P
Published: July 2019

Glucocorticoid receptors (GR) have diverse functions relevant to maintenance of homeostasis and adaptation to environmental challenges. Understanding the importance of tissue-specific GR function in physiology and behavior has been hampered by near-ubiquitous localization in brain and body. Here we use CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to create a conditional GR knockdown in Sprague Dawley rats. To test the impact of cell- and region-specific GR knockdown on physiology and behavior, we targeted GR knockdown to output neurons of the prelimbic cortex. Prelimbic knockdown of GR in females caused deficits in acquisition and extinction of fear memory during auditory fear conditioning, whereas males exhibited enhanced active-coping behavior during forced swim. Our data support the utility of this conditional knockdown rat to afford high-precision knockdown of GR across a variety of contexts, ranging from neuronal depletion to circuit-wide manipulations, leveraging the behavioral tractability and enhanced brain size of the rat as a model organism.
Cloning, purification, and characterization of GH3β-glucosidase, MtBgl85, fromMicrobulbifer thermotoleransDAU221
Authors: Pyeon Hyo-Min , Lee Yong-Suk , Choi Yong-Lark
Published: July 2019

Background

β-Glucosidases have attracted considerable attention due to their important roles in various biotechnological processes such as cellulose degradation to make energy and hydrolysis of isoflavone.Microbulbifer thermotolerans(M. thermotolerans) is isolated from deep-sea sediment and has not been researched much yet. As a potential candidate for a variety of biotechnological industries,β-glucosidases from the novel bacterial species should be researched extensively.

Methods

β-Glucosidase, MtBgl85, fromM. thermotoleransDAU221 was purified by His-tag affinity chromatography and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and zymogram. Its biochemical and physiological properties, such as effects of temperature, pH, metal ions, and organic solvents, substrate specificity, and isoflavone hydrolysis, were investigated.

Results

M. thermotoleransDAU221 showedβ-glucosidase activity in a marine broth plate containing 0.1% esculin and 0.25% ammonium iron (III) citrate. Theβ-glucosidase gene,mtbgl85, was isolated from the whole genome sequence ofM. thermotoleransDAU221. Theβ-glucosidase gene was 2,319 bp and encoded 772 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence had a 43% identity with OaBGL84 fromOlleya aquimarisand 35% and 32% identity with to CfBgl3A and CfBgl3C fromCellulomonas fimiamong bacterial glycosyl hydrolase family 3, respectively. The optimal temperature of MtBgl85 was 50 °C and the optimum pH was 7.0. MtBgl85 activity was strongly reduced in the presence of Hg2+and Cu2+ions. As a result of measuring the activity at various concentrations of NaCl, it was confirmed that the activity was maintained up to the concentration of 1 M, but gradually decreased with increasing concentration. MtBgl85 showed higher enzyme stability at non-polar solvents (high LogPow) than polar solvents (low LogPow). The hydrolyzed products of isoflavone glycosides and arbutin were analyzed by HPLC.
Increased expression of caspase 1 during active phase of connective tissue disease
Authors: Cai Rentian , Wang Qiongqiong , Zhu Gongmin , Zhu Liying , Tao Zhen
Published: July 2019

Key factors of pyroptosis play an important role in the inflammatory response to connective tissue disease (CTD). However, information on active and stable stages of CTD is scarce. To distinguish the differences of concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), caspase 1, caspase 4, caspase 5 and sCD14 in plasma between the patients with active and stable stages of CTD. A cohort study was conducted to recruit patients diagnosed with CTD of active phase and stable phase as well as health control. These data included the analysis of the concentration of sCD14, caspase 1, caspase 4 and caspase 5 in peripheral plasma by ELISA. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the two groups. The sex ratio and ages of the three groups were not different statistically. The concentrations of sCD14, caspase4 and caspase5 of plasma in the CTD of active phase and the stable phase as well as the health control. The concentration of caspase 1 in active phase of CTD (470.19 [422.33–513.14] pmol/L) was significantly higher than that in stable group (203.95 [160.94–236.12] pmol/L) and healthy control (201.65 [191.11–240.35] pmol/L] pmol/L) (p < 0.001, both), but there was no significant difference between stable group and healthy control (p = 0.2312). Similarly, the concentration of CRP in the active phase of CTD (8.96 [3.06–20.28] mg/L) was significantly higher than that in the stable group (3.00 [1.30–11.40] mg/L) and the healthy control (3.70 [2.30–4.73] mg/L) (p = 0.0013, p = 0.0006, respectively), but there was no significant difference between the stable group and the healthy control (p = 0.3205). However, there were no significant differences in the concentration of sCD14, caspase 4 and caspase 5 in the active phase of CTD and the stable group as well as the health group. Consequently, the patients of the active phase of CTD showed increased expression of caspase 1.
Thermal conditions and age structure determine the spawning regularities and condition of Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) in the NE of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Arula Timo , Shpilev Heli , Raid Tiit , Sepp Elor
Published: July 2019

Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) is a total spawner with a group-synchronous ovarian organization. Age polymodality in total spawners is considered an important factor in assuring that a strong population is sustainable under an intensive harvesting regime and different climatic conditions. In the present study, we investigated the seasonal and inter-annual variation in spawner age structure and the effect of preceding winter thermal conditions on the start of the herring spawning and larvae retention period. Herring spawning season in the Gulf of Riga starts up to six weeks later after colder winters compared to milder winters. Significantly older individuals dominated at the beginning of the spawning season, and thus herring mean age gradually decreased towards the end of the spawning season from 1999–2015. On an annual scale, this pattern was obvious after cold winters, while after mild winters the pattern did not continue, indicating a more homogenous maturation cycle and spawning period, despite the age and size of the herring population in mild winters. Further, herring condition factor was studied in relation to age and spawning season following different winter thermal conditions. Young, 2- and 3- year old first-spawning herring experienced significantly lower conditions after cold winters compared to older ages, indicating an age-dependent effect of preceding winter on herring maturation cycle, condition and spawning time.
Online Shopping Industry and Its Consumers in Nigeria
Authors: Nwankwo Cosmas Anayochukwu , Kanyangale MacDonald , Abugu James Okechukwu
Published: July 2019

Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine online shopping industry and its consumers in Nigeria.

Study Design: Quantitative study which adopted a positivistic ontology and descriptive survey design.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out between February 2018 and March 2019 among students of six universities in south-south geo-political zone of Nigeria.

Methodology: This study adopted stratified random sampling methods to select undergraduate students of six tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Data were collected through survey from a total of three hundred and ninety-nine respondents between the period of three months. The data collected were analysed using multiple regression analysis.

Results: The result shows that student demographic attributes, purchase intention and purchase experience which reflect income, accessibility, convenience, product description, online usage, frequency to buy and time spent are the key predictors of online shopping in Nigeria.

Conclusion: Online shopping business would continue to go towards the down-trend direction if attentions are not given to the major determinants like demographic attributes, purchase intention and purchase experience The study recommended that firms and other marketing organisations should consider income, accessibility, convenience, product description, online usage, frequency to buy and time spent online as the key predictors of consumers online buying decisions as this would enable firms to strategise in their marketing decisions on how customer’s needs can be met.
Normativity, Unit of
Authors: Reisner Andrew
Published: July 2019

This entry discusses the notion of a unit of normativity. This notion may be understood in two distinct ways. One way to understand a unit of normativity is as some particular type of assignment of normative status – a requirement, an ought, a reason, or a permission, for example. A second way to understand a unit of normativity is as a measure of a quantity of normativity, perhaps associated with the numerical assignment given to the strength of reasons. This entry outlines some basic differences among units of normativity in the first sense, noting that they vary slightly depending on whether one is talking about normativity in a more general or more robust sense. The entry also discusses in more detail the question of whether there might be a unit of normativity in the second sense. It discusses the relevant metaphysical questions. It also provides an explanation of why reasons can be assigned numerical strengths, even if there are no units of normativity in the sense of measurements of quantities of normativity.
Frame‐based radiosurgery of multiple metastases using single‐isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy technique
Authors: Ahn Kang‐Hyun , Yenice Kamil M. , Koshy Matthew , Slavin Konstantin V. , Aydogan Bulent
Published: July 2019

Single‐isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique can provide stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatment with improved delivery efficiency for treating multiple metastases. Nevertheless, planning is time consuming and verification of frame‐based SRS setup, especially at noncoplanar angles, can be challenging. We report on a single‐isocenter VMAT technique with a special focus on improving treatment workflow and delivery verification to exploit the minimized patient motion of the frame‐based SRS. We developed protocols for preplanning and verification for VMAT and evaluated them for ten patient cases. Preplans based on MRI were used to generate comparable treatment plans using CT taken on the day of treatment after frame placement. Target positioning accuracy was evaluated by stereoscopic in‐room kV imaging. Dosimetric accuracy of the noncoplanar plan delivery was validated using measurement‐guided 3D dose reconstruction as well as film‐based end‐to‐end test with a Rando phantom. Average absolute differences of homogeneity indices, conformity indices, and V12Gy between MR preplans and CT‐based plans were within 5%. In‐room imaging positioning accuracy of 0.4 mm was verified to be independent of the distance to the isocenter. For treatment verification, average local and global passing rates of the 3D gamma (1 mm, 3%) were 86% and 99%, respectively. D99 values were matched within 5% for individual target structures (>0.5 cc). Additional film analysis confirmed dosimetric accuracy for small targets that had large verification errors in the 3D dose reconstruction. Our results suggest that the advantages of frame‐based SRS and noncoplanar single‐isocenter VMAT technique can be combined for efficient and accurate treatment of patients with multiple metastases.
A Highly Reversible Zn Anode with Intrinsically Safe Organic Electrolyte for Long‐Cycle‐Life Batteries
Authors: Naveed Ahmad , Yang Huijun , Shao Yuyan , Yang Jun , Yanna Nuli , Liu Jun , Shi Siqi , Zhang Liwen , Ye Anjiang , He Bing , Wang Jiulin
Published: July 2019

Dendrite and interfacial reactions have affected zinc (Zn) metal anodes for rechargeable batteries many years. Here, these obstacles are bypassed via adopting an intrinsically safe trimethyl phosphate (TMP)‐based electrolyte to build a stable Zn anode. Along with cycling, pristine Zn foil is gradually converted to a graphene‐analogous deposit via TMP surfactant and a Zn phosphate molecular template. This novel Zn anode morphology ensures long‐term reversible plating/stripping performance over 5000 h, a rate capability of 5 mA cm−2, and a remarkably high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of ≈99.57% without dendrite formation. As a proof‐of‐concept, a Zn–VS2 full cell demonstrates an ultralong lifespan, which provides an alternative for electrochemical energy storage devices.
Nanocatalytic Medicine
Authors: Yang Bowen , Chen Yu , Shi Jianlin
Published: July 2019

Catalysis and medicine are often considered as two independent research fields with their own respective scientific phenomena. Promoted by recent advances in nanochemistry, large numbers of nanocatalysts, such as nanozymes, photocatalysts, and electrocatalysts, have been applied in vivo to initiate catalytic reactions and modulate biological microenvironments for generating therapeutic effects. The rapid growth of research in biomedical applications of nanocatalysts has led to the concept of “nanocatalytic medicine,” which is expected to promote the further advance of such a subdiscipline in nanomedicine. The high efficiency and selectivity of catalysis that chemists strived to achieve in the past century can be ingeniously translated into high efficacy and mitigated side effects in theranostics by using “nanocatalytic medicine” to steer catalytic reactions for optimized therapeutic outcomes. Here, the rationale behind the construction of nanocatalytic medicine is eludicated based on the essential reaction factors of catalytic reactions (catalysts, energy input, and reactant). Recent advances in this burgeoning field are then comprehensively presented and the mechanisms by which catalytic nanosystems are conferred with theranostic functions are discussed in detail. It is believed that such an emerging catalytic therapeutic modality will play a more important role in the field of nanomedicine.
Iron Carbides: Control Synthesis and Catalytic Applications in COx Hydrogenation and Electrochemical HER
Authors: Li Siwei , Yang Jinghe , Song Chuqiao , Zhu Qingjun , Xiao Dequan , Ma Ding
Published: July 2019

Catalytic transformation of COx (x = 1, 2) with renewable H2 into valuable fuels and chemicals provides practical processes to mitigate the worldwide energy crisis. Fe‐based catalytic materials are widely used for those reactions due to their abundance and low cost. Novel iron carbides are particularly promising catalytic materials among the reported ferrous catalysts. Recently, a series of strategies has been developed for the preparation of iron carbide nanoparticles and their nanocomposites. Control synthesis of FeCx‐based nanomaterials and their catalytic applications in COx hydrogenation and electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are reviewed. The discussion is focused on the unique catalytic activities of iron carbides in COx hydrogenation and HER and the correlation between structure and catalytic performance. Future synthesis and potential catalytic applications of iron carbides are also summarized.
Flexible 1D Batteries: Recent Progress and Prospects
Authors: Zhu Yun‐Hai , Yang Xiao‐Yang , Liu Tong , Zhang Xin‐Bo
Published: July 2019

With the rapid development of wearable and portable electronics, flexible and stretchable energy storage devices to power them are rapidly emerging. Among numerous flexible energy storage technologies, flexible batteries are considered as the most favorable candidate due to their high energy density and long cycle life. In particular, flexible 1D batteries with the unique advantages of miniaturization, adaptability, and weavability are expected to be a part of such applications. The development of 1D batteries, including lithium‐ion batteries, zinc‐ion batteries, zinc–air batteries, and lithium–air batteries, is comprehensively summarized, with particular emphasis on electrode preparation, battery design, and battery properties. In addition, the remaining challenges to the commercialization of current 1D batteries and prospective opportunities in the field are discussed.
A Route Toward Smart System Integration: From Fiber Design to Device Construction
Authors: Weng Wei , Yang Junjie , Zhang Yang , Li Yuxing , Yang Shengyuan , Zhu Liping , Zhu Meifang
Published: July 2019

Fiber is a symbol of human civilization, being ubiquitous but obscure in society over most of history. Fiber has been revived upon the advent of fiber‐based electronic devices in the past two decades. This is due to its desirable lightweight, flexible, and conformable characteristics, which enable it to play a fundamental role in the electronic and information era. Numerous fiber‐based electronic devices have sprung up in energy conversion, energy storage, sensing, actuation, etc. A possibility is thereby conceived that they can be integrated into smart systems compatible with the human body, consisting of biotic fiber‐based organs and tissues, which possess similar but more advanced functions. However, the design of mono‐/multifibers, the construction of fiber‐based devices, and the integration of these smart systems represent great challenges in fundamental understanding and practical implementation. A systematic review of the current state of the art with respect to the design and fabrication of electronic fiber materials, construction of fiber‐based devices, and integration of smart systems is presented. In addition, limitations of current fiber‐based devices and perspectives are explored toward potential and promising smart integration.
2D Superlattices for Efficient Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Xiong Pan , Sun Bing , Sakai Nobuyuki , Ma Renzhi , Sasaki Takayoshi , Wang Shijian , Zhang Jinqiang , Wang Guoxiu
Published: July 2019

2D genuine unilamellar nanosheets, that are, the elementary building blocks of their layered parent crystals, have gained increasing attention, owing to their unique physical and chemical properties, and 2D features. In parallel with the great efforts to isolate these atomic‐thin crystals, a unique strategy to integrate them into 2D vertically stacked heterostuctures has enabled many functional applications. In particular, such 2D heterostructures have recently exhibited numerous exciting electrochemical performances for energy storage and conversion, especially the molecular‐scale heteroassembled superlattices using diverse 2D unilamellar nanosheets as building blocks. Herein, the research progress in scalable synthesis of 2D superlattices with an emphasis on a facile solution‐phase flocculation method is summarized. A particular focus is brought to the advantages of these 2D superlattices in applications of supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries, and water‐splitting catalysis. The challenges and perspectives on this promising field are also outlined.