bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INdividual Vocational and Educational Support Trial (INVEST) for young people with borderline personality disorder: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chanen Andrew M. , Nicol Katie , Betts Jennifer K. , Bond Gary R. , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Jackson Henry J. , Thompson Katherine N. , Jovev Martina , Yuen Hok Pan , Chinnery Gina , Ring Judith , Allott Kelly , McCutcheon Louise , Salmon Ashleigh P. , Killackey Eoin
Published: June 2020

Background

The clinical onset of borderline personality disorder (BPD) usually occurs in young people (aged 12–25 years) and commonly leads to difficulty achieving and maintaining vocational (education and/or employment) engagement. While current psychosocial interventions lead to improvements in psychopathology, they have little effect upon functioning. Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is a client-driven model that assists individuals with severe mental illness to engage with education and/or employment appropriate to their personal goals, and that provides ongoing support to maintain this engagement. The objective of the INdividual Vocational and Educational Support Trial (INVEST) is to evaluate the effectiveness of adding IPS to an evidence-based early intervention programme for BPD, with the aim of improving vocational outcomes.

Methods/design

INVEST is a single-blind, parallel-groups, randomised controlled trial (RCT). The randomisation is stratified by gender and age and uses random permuted blocks. The interventions are 39 weeks of either IPS, or ‘usual vocational services’ (UVS). Participants will comprise 108 help-seeking young people (aged 15–25 years) with three or more DSM-5 BPD features and a desire to study or work, recruited from the Helping Young People Early (HYPE) early intervention programme for BPD at Orygen, in Melbourne, Australia. All participants will receive the HYPE intervention. After baseline assessment, staff who are blind to the intervention group allocation will conduct assessments at 13, 26, 39 and 52 weeks. At the 52-week primary endpoint, the primary outcome is the number of days in mainstream education/employment since baseline. Secondary outcomes include the cost-effectiveness of the intervention, quality of life, and BPD severity.

Discussion

Current treatments for BPD have little impact on vocational outcomes and enduring functional impairment is prevalent among this patient group. IPS is a targeted functional intervention, which has proven effective in improving vocational outcomes for adults and young people with psychotic disorders. This trial will investigate whether IPS is effective for improving vocational (employment and educational) outcomes among young people with subthreshold or full-syndrome BPD.

Trial registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ID: ACTRN12619001220156. 13 September 2019.
IgG anti-hinge antibodies against IgG4 F(ab’)2 fragments generated using pepsin are useful diagnostic markers for rheumatoid arthritis: implications of the possible roles of metalloproteinases and IgG subclasses in generating immunogenic hinge epitopes
Authors: Ota Toshiyuki , Ota Shun-ichiro , Uchino Ayumi , Nagano Shuji
Published: June 2020

Background

Pepsin agglutinators, discovered over 50 years ago, have been recently referred to as anti-hinge antibodies (AHAs) because of their reaction with the IgG hinge epitope. AHAs have different reactivity for each hinge epitope generated by each protease that cleaves the hinge region at different sites. Moreover, AHAs have different reactivity against different hinge epitopes derived from each IgG subclass even when the same protease is used. Since the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) is enhanced in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), AHA production could also be increased. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the levels of AHAs against IgG hinge epitopes produced by MMP-3 are elevated in RA.

Methods

The serum levels of IgG or IgA AHAs against the IgG1/IgG4 F(ab’)2fragments, generated by either MMP-3 or pepsin, were measured using ELISA in 111 patients with RA and 81 healthy controls (HC). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used for obtaining optimal cutoff values and cutoff values indicating high specificity (> 95%) of the AHA. The targeted epitope of a specific AHA was investigated through inhibition ELISA.

Results

Seven AHAs were statistically higher in RA patients than in HC, except IgG AHA against IgG1 F(ab’)2, which was generated by MMP-3 proteolytic cleavage. The areas under the ROC curve were 0.66–0.80, although the sensitivities at high specificity were low (5.4–24.3%). The cumulative number of positive AHAs in each individual was statistically higher in RA patients than in HC, suggesting the extreme extent of AHA repertoires in RA. Inhibition studies revealed that IgG AHAs against IgG4 F(ab’)2fragments generated by pepsin cross-reacted with IgG1 F(ab’)2fragments generated by pepsin. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the IgG AHA against IgG4 F(ab’)2fragments generated by pepsin as an independent variable for RA diagnosis, even in RA patients who were negative for both RF and ACPA (odds ratio 1.18, 95% CI 1.06–1.32;P = 0.003). Additional experiments using non-RA patients finally strengthened the diagnostic utility.

Conclusion

In RA patients, we observed diversification and amplification of AHA repertoires and diagnostic utility of the specific AHA against IgG4 F(ab’)2fragments generated by pepsin but not MMP-3.
The potential therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and inulin on serum and testicular reproductive markers in diabetic male rats
Authors: Rahimiyan-Heravan Marziyeh , Roshangar Leila , Karimi Pouran , Sefidgari-Abrasi Safa , Morshedi Mohammad , Saghafi-Asl Maryam , Bavafa-Valenlia Khadijeh
Published: June 2020

Background

It is well established that diminished reproductive health is one of the notable long-term outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially among males. Due to the global increasing rate of T2DM and infertility, we aimed to investigate the impact ofLactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), inulin, and their combinatory supplementation on fertility markers as well as testicular kisspeptin and androgen receptor (AR)’s expression in diabetic male rats.

Methods

Thirty-five Male Wistar rats with Streptozotocin-induced T2DM were supplemented withL. plantarum, inulin, or their combination for 8 weeks. At the end-point, the animals were sacrificed and serum, testicular, and seminal parameters were studied.

Results

Administration ofL. plantarumand inulin in diabetic male rats improved sperm motility and viability (P < 0.001, both) as well as testicular tissue development via increasing leydig cell number, testicular spermatid count, and diameter of seminiferous tubules (P < 0.001, all). Testicular expression of Kisspeptin was elevated by inulin supplementation (P = 0.01).L. plantarumadministration increased testicular AR expression (P = 0.01). The expression of Kisspeptin showed a remarkable correlation with fertility markers (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Supplementation with eitherL. plantarum, inulin, or their combination can prevent infertility caused by T2DM in male rats via improving testicular kisspeptin and AR expression, leydig cell count, and effectively increasing epididymal sperm motility and viability.
Early exposure to environment sounds and the development of cortical auditory evoked potentials of preterm infants during the first 3 months of life
Authors: Cavalcanti Hannalice Gottschalck , da Silva Nunes Aryelly Dayane , da Cunha Brenda Karla Silva , de Freitas Alvarenga Kátia , Balen Sheila Andreoli , Pereira Antonio
Published: June 2020

Objective

Preterm infants are exposed earlier than their term counterparts to unattenuated sounds from the external environment during the sensitive period of the organization of the auditory cortical circuitry. In the current study, we investigate the effect of preterm birth on the course of development of auditory cortical areas by evaluating how gestational age (GA) correlates with the latency of the P1 component of the cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) of two experimental groups measured at 1 or 3 months of age.

Results

Our sample consisted of 23 infants delivered at GA ranging from 31.28 to 41.42 weeks and separated into two groups evaluated transversally at 1 or 3 months of corrected age (CA). In the group evaluated at 1-month CA, the latency of the component P1 was similar in both terms and infants classified as late-preterm (GA > 32 weeks). However, in the group evaluated at 3 months CA, P1 latency was significantly smaller in preterms. These preliminary results suggest an acceleration of the development of auditory cortical pathways in preterms, probably due to their early exposure to socially relevant auditory stimuli from the external environment.
IGF-1 treatment causes unique transcriptional response in neurons from individuals with idiopathic autism
Authors: Linker Sara B. , Mendes Ana P. D. , Marchetto Maria C.
Published: June 2020

Background

Research evidence accumulated in the past years in both rodent and human models for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have established insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) as one of the most promising ASD therapeutic interventions to date. ASD is phenotypically and etiologically heterogeneous, making it challenging to uncover the underlying genetic and cellular pathophysiology of the condition; and to efficiently design drugs with widespread clinical benefits. While IGF-1 effects have been comprehensively studied in the literature, how IGF-1 activity may lead to therapeutic recovery in the ASD context is still largely unknown.

Methods

In this study, we used a previously characterized neuronal population derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from neurotypical controls and idiopathic ASD individuals to study the transcriptional signature of acutely and chronically IGF-1-treated cells.

Results

We present a comprehensive list of differentially regulated genes and molecular interactions resulting from IGF-1 exposure in developing neurons from controls and ASD individuals. Our results indicate that IGF-1 treatment has a different impact on neurons from ASD patients compared to controls. Response to IGF-1 treatment in neurons derived from ASD patients was heterogeneous and correlated with IGF-1 receptor expression, indicating that IGF-1 response may have responder and non-responder distinctions across cohorts of ASD patients. Our results suggest that caution should be used when predicting the effect of IGF-1 treatment on ASD patients using neurotypical controls. Instead, IGF-1 response should be studied in the context of ASD patients’ neural cells.

Limitations

The limitation of our study is that our cohort of eight sporadic ASD individuals is comorbid with macrocephaly in childhood. Future studies will address weather downstream transcriptional response of IGF-1 is comparable in non-macrocephalic ASD cohorts.

Conclusions

The results presented in this study provide an important resource for researchers in the ASD field and underscore the necessity of using ASD patient lines to explore ASD neuronal-specific responses to drugs such as IGF-1. This study further helps to identify candidate pathways and targets for effective clinical intervention and may help to inform clinical trials in the future.
Sucralose promotes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adipogenesis in mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Kundu Nabanita , Domingues Cleyton C. , Patel Jay , Aljishi Mohammed , Ahmadi Neeki , Fakhri Mona , Sylvetsky Allison C. , Sen Sabyasachi
Published: June 2020

Consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) has been consistently associated with obesity and cardiometabolic disease in epidemiologic studies. Herein, we investigated effects of sucralose, a widely used NNS, at a cellular level. We wanted to investigate effect of sucralose on reactive oxygen species accumulation and adipogenesis in a human adipocyte tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in a controlled fashion.

Methods

In vitro experiments were conducted on commercially available MSCs obtained from human adipose tissue. hMSCs were exposed with sucralose at 0.2 mM (a concentration which could plausibly be observed in the circulatory system of high NNS consumers) up to 1.0 mM (supra-physiologic concentration) in the presence of both normal and high glucose media to detect a dose response based on the outcome measures. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using Mitosox Red staining and further analyzed by ImageJ and gene expression analysis. Effect of sucralose on adipogenic differentiation was observed in different concentrations of sucralose followed by gene expression analysis and Oil Red O staining.

Results

Increased ROS accumulation was observed within 72 h of exposure. Increased adipogenesis was also noted when exposed to higher dose of sucralose.

Conclusion

Sucralose promotes ROS accumulation and adipogenesis in human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells.
The emerging data–driven Smart City and its innovative applied solutions for sustainability: the cases of London and Barcelona
Authors: Bibri Simon Elias , Krogstie John
Published: June 2020

The big data revolution is heralding an era where instrumentation, datafication, and computation are increasingly pervading the very fabric of cities. Big data technologies have become essential to the functioning of cities. Consequently, urban processes and practices are becoming highly responsive to a form of data-driven urbanism that is the key mode of production for smart cities. Such form is increasingly being directed towards tackling the challenges of sustainability in the light of the escalating urbanization trend. This paper investigates how the emerging data-driven smart city is being practiced and justified in terms of the development and implementation of its innovative applied solutions for sustainability. To illuminate this new urban phenomenon, a descriptive case study is adopted as a qualitative research methodology to examine and compare London and Barcelona as the leading data-driven smart cities in Europe. This study shows that these cities have a high level of the development of applied data-driven technologies, but they slightly differ in the level of the implementation of such technologies in different city systems and domains with respect to sustainability areas. They also moderately differ in the degree of their readiness as to the availability and development level of the competences and infrastructure needed to generate, transmit, process, and analyze large masses of data to extract useful knowledge for enhanced decision making and deep insights pertaining to urban operational functioning, management, and planning in relation to sustainability. London takes the lead as regards the ICT infrastructure and data sources, whereas Barcelona has the best practices in the data-oriented competences, notably horizontal information platforms, operations centers, dashboards, training programs and educational institutes, innovation labs, research centers, and strategic planning offices. This research enhances the scholarly community’s current understanding of the new phenomenon of the data-driven city with respect to the untapped synergic potential of the integration of smart urbanism and sustainable urbanism for advancing sustainability in the light of the emerging paradigm of big data computing. No previous work has, to the best of our knowledge, explored and highlighted the link between the data-driven smart solutions and the sustainable development strategies in the context of data-driven sustainable smart cities as a new paradigm of urbanism.
Delivering Hospital-Based Pediatric Palliative Care: The Symptoms, Interventions, and Outcomes for Children With Cancer in Bangladesh
Authors: Doherty Megan , Power Liam , Thabet Chloé
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE

The majority of pediatric cancer deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Pediatric palliative care (PPC) focuses on relieving physical, psychosocial, and spiritual suffering throughout the continuum of cancer care and is considered integral to cancer care for children in all settings. There is limited evidence from LMICs about the characteristics, symptoms, and outcomes of children with cancer who receive PPC, which is needed to define the global need and guide the development of these services.

METHODS

This retrospective review of clinical records of children who received PPC was conducted during a pilot project (January 2014-August 2015) that implemented a PPC team at a tertiary hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Clinical data on diagnosis, symptoms, treatment status, deaths, and key palliative care interventions were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

There were 200 children who received PPC during the pilot project. The most common diagnoses were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (62%) and acute myeloid leukemia (11%). Psychosocial support for children (n = 305; 53%) and management of physical symptoms (n = 181; 31%) were the most common types of interventions provided. The most frequently recorded symptoms were pain (n = 60; 30%), skin wounds (n = 16; 8%), and weakness (n = 9; 5%). The most common medications prescribed were morphine (n = 32) and paracetamol (n = 21).

CONCLUSION

A hospital-based PPC service addresses pain and symptom concerns as well as psychosocial needs for children with cancer and their families in a setting where resources are limited. Health care facilities should incorporate palliative care into the care of children with cancer to address the needs of children and their families.
Modeling for Predictors of Knowledge Score on Etiology and Prevention Strategies for Cervical Cancer Among Women of Reproductive Age in Ibadan
Authors: Morhason-Bello Imran O. , Kareem Yusuf Olushola , Adewole Isaac F.
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE

Poor knowledge regarding cervical cancer in at-risk populations directly affects health-seeking behavior and is associated with high mortality among women with cervical cancer. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge of women regarding the causes, risk factors, and prevention strategies of cervical cancer.

METHODS

A multistage cross-sectional study of 1,002 women of reproductive age (18-49 years) in Ibadan was conducted. Knowledge of cervical cancer risk causes and prevention strategies was assessed using 13 and 9 question items, respectively. The knowledge score was graded as 0 (no knowledge), 1-4 (poor knowledge), or ≥ 5 (good knowledge). The proportional or partial proportional odds model was used to fit 3 models using the forward stepwise selection. All analysis was performed using Stata 15.0 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX).

RESULTS

The median age of participants was 29 years (interquartile range [IQR], 23-35 years). The median knowledge scores of participants on causes and prevention strategies of cervical cancer were 3 (IQR, 0-4) and 3 (IQR, 0-5), respectively. The assessment of knowledge on causes and prevention strategies for cervical cancer revealed that having multiple sexual partners and no previous opportunity for counseling on cervical cancer screening were factors associated with lower odds of knowledge.

CONCLUSION

The knowledge of women about the risk factors, causes, and prevention strategies of cervical cancer was poor. It is worrisome that poor knowledge was common among women with potential demographic risk factors for cervical cancer. We recommend innovative community mobilization to improve women’s knowledge of the risk factors associated with cervical cancer and prevention strategies.
Samuel Beckett’s Trilogy and the Revolution of the Body in Vichy France
Authors: Davies William
Published: June 2020

This essay explores the depiction of the degenerating male form in Samuel Beckett’s post-World War II trilogy of novels (Molloy, Malone Dies, and The Unnamable) in the context of Vichy France’s ideology of the body—specifically the male body—and the propaganda of the regime’s Révolution nationale, which Beckett would have encountered in wartime France. Read with this historical situation in mind, this essay argues that Beckett’s move from the limping Molloy to the bed-bound Malone and finally to the physically limbless figure of The Unnamable gives expression to a reality of physical deterioration that is unique to the degenerating body, a reality that also inverts the ideal of physical perfection that regimes such as Vichy produced. Analyzed in this way, Beckett’s work can be seen to aggravate and challenge both Vichy’s idolization of the strong, athletic male form and the ways in which Vichy and other midcentury ideologies produced narratives of the body steeped in a narrow and ultimately violent essentialism.
Of Beasts Blond and Damned
Authors: Ng Zhao
Published: June 2020

This essay engages in a critique of soteriological desire, alongside its corporeal and affective correlates, mobilized in different ways in German fascism of the thirties and Djuna Barnes’s 1936 novel, Nightwood. In contrasting the “fascist body” with the “hysterical body,” I seek to account for the psychic logic co-implicating narcissism and fascist eschatology in order to dissociate it from the expressive enactment of hysteria in Nightwood’s Doctor O’Connor and, in so doing, to offer a revisionary account of the novel’s political unconscious. Both narcissism and hysteria bind the subject to the figure of the sovereign in a soteriological relation. However, where the narcissist disavows the lack internal to his constitution in the identification with his idol, the hysteric, though placed in the field of the sovereign’s desire, ultimately foregrounds the failure of the redemptive promise encoded in this relation.
Death Styles
Authors: Atkinson Douglas
Published: June 2020

Malina demonstrates the paradoxical struggle that characterizes any attempt at reflecting on the uncanny relationship between the embodiment of language and the expression of pain. As Elaine Scarry (1985) notes, pain can be used to both make and unmake an identity; pain’s destructuring force can be complemented by the reconstructive potential of the imagination. Yet what happens when the identity to be reconstructed leads only to a fragmentary regeneration; what if the only whole that can be constructed remains incomplete and internally divided? This article focuses on reading Malina as an allegory of the process of writing itself: that is, a means of exploring the attempted expression of the pain and fragmentation of the embodied subject that resulted from the atrocities of World War II. Using Blanchot’s reflections on anguish and language, I argue that the novel—part love story, part horror story, part detective story—is a riddle that the reader must solve, but that in doing so the reader becomes infected with the same fragmentary force that disembodies the protagonist. As such, the heuristic consequence of the novel is to instruct the reader on the influence of language and imagining on the attempted reembodiment or, in this case, eventual disembodiment, of the body in pain.
Costs versus Coverage, Then and Now
Authors: White Joseph
Published: June 2020

To expand coverage to those without it, Democrats in 2010 sacrificed cost control methods that might have helped those already insured. The law therefore did not offer most Americans what they wanted most. President Obama and those who thought like him convinced themselves the legislation would control costs by reforming how health care is organized, but any such effects have been both weak and unpopular. Now many commentators are accusing Democratic candidates of making the same mistake by prioritizing an ideological vision of “Medicare for All” over voters' worries about out-of-pocket costs. Yet Medicare for All, unlike less “radical” approaches, addresses those concerns directly. Unfortunately, neither elites (outside the industry!) nor voters seem to understand that, and it is politically risky because of the same fears about change, industry opposition, and distrust of government that inhibited more effective action a decade before.
How Workers Fared under the ACA
Authors: Gangopadhyaya Anuj , Garrett Bowen
Published: June 2020

Many politicians, policy makers, and analysts have debated whether the Affordable Care Act (ACA) would have negative effects on the labor market, such as reducing employment, earnings, or hours worked. Building on the existing literature, we investigated how workers' coverage changed under the ACA and whether coverage gains were associated with changes in labor market outcomes across occupations through 2017. We also examined whether occupations experiencing increased coverage through nonemployment sources (i.e., Medicaid or individual plans purchased on the ACA's Marketplaces) also experienced offsetting declines in employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) coverage. Finally, we investigated whether the employer mandate was associated with changes in ESI offers to workers. Among workers in occupations experiencing larger coverage gains under the ACA, we found no evidence that employment, hours worked, or earnings fell relative to workers in occupations that had little change in coverage rates over the same period. Moreover, ESI offers remained stable, even among workers in firms likely subject to the employer mandate. Overall, we found that predictions that the coverage provisions and mandates of the ACA would lead to adverse labor market effects did not materialize.
Specialization of nuclear membrane in eukaryotes
Authors: Hara Yuki
Published: June 2020

The size of the intracellular structure that encloses genomic DNA – known as the nucleus in eukaryotes and nucleoid in prokaryotes – is believed to scale according to cell size and genomic content inside them across the tree of life. However, an actual scaling relationship remains largely unexplored across eukaryotic species. Here, I collected a large dataset of nuclear and cell volumes in diverse species across different phyla, including some prokaryotes, from the published literature and assessed the scaling relationship. Although entire inter-species data showed that nuclear volume correlates with cell volume, the quantitative scaling property exhibited differences among prokaryotes, unicellular eukaryotes and multicellular eukaryotes. Additionally, the nuclear volume correlates with genomic content inside the nucleus of multicellular eukaryotes but not of prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes. In this Hypothesis, I, thus, propose that the basic concept of nuclear-size scaling is conserved across eukaryotes; however, structural and mechanical properties of nuclear membranes and chromatin can result in different scaling relationships of nuclear volume to cell volume and genomic content among species. In particular, eukaryote-specific properties of the nuclear membrane may contribute to the extreme flexibility of nuclear size with regard to DNA density inside the nucleus.
PP2ACdc55 dephosphorylates Pds1 and inhibits spindle elongation in S. cerevisiae
Authors: Khondker Shoily , Kajjo Sam , Chandler-Brown Devon , Skotheim Jan , Rudner Adam , Ikui Amy
Published: June 2020

PP2ACdc55 (the form of protein phosphatase 2A containing Cdc55) regulates cell cycle progression by reversing cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)- and polo-like kinase (Cdc5)-dependent phosphorylation events. In S. cerevisiae, Cdk1 phosphorylates securin (Pds1), which facilitates Pds1 binding and inhibits separase (Esp1). During anaphase, Esp1 cleaves the cohesin subunit Scc1 and promotes spindle elongation. Here, we show that PP2ACdc55 directly dephosphorylates Pds1 both in vivo and in vitro. Pds1 hyperphosphorylation in a cdc55 deletion mutant enhanced the Pds1–Esp1 interaction, which played a positive role in Pds1 nuclear accumulation and in spindle elongation. We also show that nuclear PP2ACdc55 plays a role during replication stress to inhibit spindle elongation. This pathway acted independently of the known Mec1, Swe1 or spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) checkpoint pathways. We propose a model where Pds1 dephosphorylation by PP2ACdc55 disrupts the Pds1–Esp1 protein interaction and inhibits Pds1 nuclear accumulation, which prevents spindle elongation, a process that is elevated during replication stress.
Conserved regions of budding yeast Tim22 have a role in structural organization of the carrier translocase
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Matta Srujan Kumar , D'Silva Patrick
Published: June 2020

Mitochondrial biogenesis requires efficient sorting of various proteins into different mitochondrial sub-compartments, mediated by dedicated protein machinery present in the outer and inner membrane. Among them, the TIM22 complex enables the integration of complex membrane proteins with internal targeting signals into the inner membrane. Although the Tim22 protein forms the core of the complex, the dynamic recruitment of subunits to the channel is still enigmatic. In this study, we highlight that the intermembrane space (IMS) and transmembrane 4 (TM4) regions of Tim22 are critically required for interactions with the membrane-embedded subunits, including Tim54, Tim18, and Sdh3, and thereby maintain the functional architecture of the TIM22 translocase. Furthermore, we find that the TM1 and TM2 regions of Tim22 are important for association with Tim18, whereas TM3 is exclusively required for the interaction with Sdh3. Moreover, impairment of TIM22 complex assembly influences its translocase activity, the mitochondrial network, and the viability of cells lacking mitochondrial DNA. Overall, our findings provide compelling evidence highlighting the significance of conserved regions of Tim22 that are important for the maintenance of the TIM22 complex and mitochondrial integrity.
Liquidity Traps and Monetary Policy: Managing a Credit Crunch
Authors: Buera Francisco J. , Nicolini Juan Pablo
Published: June 2020

We study a model with heterogeneous producers that face collateral and cash-in-advance constraints. A tightening of the collateral constraint results in a credit-crunch-generated recession that reproduces some features of the financial crisis that unraveled in 2007 in the United States. We use the model to study the effects, following a credit crunch, of alternative monetary and fiscal policies. (JEL E31, E44, E52, E62, G01, H63)
Sticky Wage Models and Labor Supply Constraints
Authors: Huo Zhen , Ríos-Rull José-Víctor
Published: June 2020

In sticky wages models (either à la Calvo or à la Rotemberg), labor is solely determined by the demand side. However, a change of circumstances may make labor demand higher than agents’ willingness to work. We find that workers are required to work against their will between 15 percent and 30 percent of the time (with 5 percent wage markup, less with higher markups and in Rotemberg models). Estimating models with the minimum of the demand and supply of labor instead of the demand-determined quantity yields different and unappealing properties. Hence, special attention should be paid to possible violations of the labor supply constraint. (JEL E12, E24, E32, J22, J23, J31, J51)
Magnetic resonance imaging artifacts produced by dental implants with different geometries
Authors: Bohner Lauren , Meier Norbert , Gremse Felix , Tortamano Pedro , Kleinheinz Johannes , Hanisch Marcel
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MRI-artifact pattern produced by titanium and zirconia dental implants with different geometries (diameter and height).

Methods:

Three titanium (Titan SLA, Straumann) and three zirconia (Pure Ceramic Implant, Straumann) dental implants differing on their design (diameter x height) were installed in porcine bone samples. Samples were scanned with a MRI (3T, T1W turbo spin echo sequence, TR/TE 25/3.5ms, voxel size 0.22×0.22×0.50 mm, scan time 11:18). Micro-CT was used as control group (80kV, 125mA, voxel size 16µm). Artifacts’ distribution was measured at vestibular and lingual sites, mesial and distal sites, and at the apex. Statistical analysis was performed with Within-ANOVA (p=0.05).

Results:

Artifacts distribution measured 2.57 ± 1.09 mm for titanium artifacts and 0.37 ± 0.20 mm for zirconia artifacts (p<0.05). Neither the measured sites (p=0.73) nor the implant geometries (p=0.43) influenced the appearance of artifacts.

Conclusion:

Artifacts were higher for titanium than zirconia implants. The artifacts pattern was similar for different dental implant geometries.
Project Management of “Remote Work” Concept Implementation in the FMCG Company
Authors: Poymanova Maria
Published: June 2020

The article considers the problem of managing a project to introduce a remote work mode in an FMCG company, including studying the perception of this concept by company employees, analyzing the main difficulties that may arise during its implementation, and generating possible proposals for their solution. The purpose of this design and analytical work is to develop practical recommendations on the implementation of the principles of "remote work" in the FMCG company, providing a higher level of resistance to changes in the internal and external environment. Object: FMCG company X (company name is not disclosed at the request of its management). Subject: problems arising in the process of implementing “remote work” and the possibilities of overcoming them.
The use of experimental design methodology in the formulation of a new additive for the dispersion of elemental sulfur in triple superphosphate fertilizer
Authors: El Agri Asmae , Hafnaoui Anass , Khouloud Mehdi , Senhaji Lakehal Mohammed , El Asri Mohammed , Meliani Abdeslem
Published: June 2020

Yields improvement of the crop depends on many parameters witch each of them acts for a specific manner to boost the plant growth and allow the soil to be more efficient to any kind of plant.  Our research is based on the implementation of elemental sulfur into the preparation of triple superphosphate fertilizer and its dispersion into the blend. By adding a small amount of it to the mixture, sulfur particles disperse uniformly by using additives in the phosphate fertilizer.

This technique is successfully reached by integrating many additives obtained from different chemical industries to spread out the sulfur particle in the fertilizer.

Several experiments were done by adopting the experimental design methodology (DOE) related to a screening mixture design to select the best surfactant used. So, nine commercial products with different chemical proprieties have been evaluated as a dispersant of elemental sulfur in triple superphosphate fertilizer. First, thanks to the screening mixture design, three products have been chosen for this formulation. Second, by using the mixture design method, new dispersants of elemental sulfur in triple superphosphate fertilizer have been reached. With this method, apart from it is being possible to obtain several dispersants, it is also possible to control the distribution and the average of the particle diameter of the elemental sulfur. Moreover, statistical validation tests confirm the achievement of the sulfur particle size of approximately 1000 µm.
Hybrid integrated InP-Si3N4 diode laser with a 40-Hz intrinsic linewidth
Authors: Fan Youwen , van Rees Albert , van der Slot Peter J. M. , Mak Jesse , Oldenbeuving Ruud M. , Hoekman Marcel , Geskus Dimitri , Roeloffzen Chris G. H. , Boller Klaus-J.
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate a hybrid integrated and widely tunable diode laser with an intrinsic linewidth as narrow as 40 Hz, achieved with a single roundtrip through a low-loss feedback circuit that extends the cavity length to 0.5 meter on a chip. Employing solely dielectrics for single-roundtrip, single-mode resolved feedback filtering enables linewidth narrowing with increasing laser power, without limitations through nonlinear loss. We achieve single-frequency oscillation with up to 23 mW fiber coupled output power, 70-nm wide spectral coverage in the 1.55 μm wavelength range with 3 mW output and obtain more than 60 dB side mode suppression. Such properties and options for further linewidth narrowing render the approach of high interest for direct integration in photonic circuits serving microwave photonics, coherent communications, sensing and metrology with highest resolution.
Cascaded Stokes and anti-Stokes laser based on an optical resonator with a self-assembled organic monolayer
Authors: Kovach Andre , Gallegos Arynn , He Jinghan , Choi Hyungwoo , Armani Andrea M.
Published: June 2020

Due to their high circulating intensities, ultra-high quality factor dielectric whispering gallery mode resonators have enabled the development of low threshold Raman microlasers. Subsequently, other Raman-related phenomena, such as cascaded stimulated Raman scattering (CSRS) and stimulated anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SARS), were observed. While low threshold frequency conversion and generation have clear applications, CSRS and SARS have been limited by the low Raman gain. In this work, the surface of a silica resonator is modified with an organic monolayer, increasing the Raman gain. Up to four orders of CSRS are observed with sub-milliwatt (mW) input power, and the SARS efficiency is improved by three orders of magnitude compared to previous studies with hybrid resonators.
Static Fourier transform mid-infrared spectrometer with increased spectral resolution using a stepped mirror
Authors: Köhler Michael H. , Schardt Michael , Müller Michael , Kienle Patrick , Wang Kun , Dong Xingchen , Giebeler Carsten , Wiesent Benjamin R. , Jakobi Martin , Koch Alexander W.
Published: June 2020

Due to their high light throughput, static single-mirror Fourier transform spectrometers (sSMFTS) are well suited for spectral analysis in the mid-infrared range, and at the same time feature a more robust and compact design than conventional scanning instruments. One major drawback, however, is the comparably low spectral resolution, which is mainly limited by the number of detector pixels. Therefore, in this article, we propose a cost-effective design that almost doubles the spectral resolution of an sSMFTS by integrating a stepped mirror in one of the interferometer arms. The calibration process is described and a proof of principle is given by measuring a CO2 laser. The design works in a spectral range from about 2800 cm−1 to 600 cm−1 at a spectral resolution of 7 cm−1 and offers the potential to improve resolution even further.
Epithelioid Cell Granulomas in Crohn’s Disease Are Differentially Associated With Blood Vessels and Lymphatic Vessels: A Sequential Double Immunostaining Study
Authors: Kodama Makoto , Kobayashi Daisuke , Abe Keiko , Sahara Rikisaburo , Yamana Tetsuo , Furukawa Satomi , Yao Takashi , Tamura Tomoki , Okano Soh
Published: June 2020

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a gastrointestinal disorder of unknown etiology. CD-specific longitudinal ulcers show an association between disease pathogenesis and vasculature dysfunction. Granulomatous lymphangitis may also contribute to CD pathogenesis; meanwhile, vasculitis is the primary CD lesion. We investigated the association between granulomas and lymphatic and blood vessels to assess the role of vasculature in CD pathogenesis. Two small and large intestine specimens were obtained from four CD patients. From each specimen, 160 sequential sections were obtained and double immunohistochemical stained to label lymphatic and blood vessels in association with granulomas. We found that 289 of 342 granulomas (85%) were associated with a lymphatic vessel and 313 of 364 granulomas (86%) were associated with a blood vessel. Although intrablood vessel granulomas were not detected, intralymphatic vessel granulomas were. In the internal region of the granuloma, we found more blood vessels than lymphatic vessels. Hence, these results cumulatively demonstrate that CD epithelioid cell granulomas are differentially associated with lymphatic and blood vessels, suggesting both as essential for the formation and maintenance of these granulomas. Moreover, both lymphatic and blood vessels may participate in granulomatous inflammation in the primary CD lesions; however, additional studies with larger numbers of participants are required to validate our findings.
The pioneers of print in the Ottoman Province of Mosul
Authors: Greene Annie
Published: June 2020

This article examines the emergence of printing and press culture in the Ottoman province of Mosul, arguing that the variety of printed production in Mosul city and Kirkuk was dictated by technological expertise, consumption patterns and cultural-linguistic preferences. Religious institutions like the French Dominicans and the Chaldean Patriarchate, the Ottoman state and wealthy local individuals supported the local press culture in northern Iraq. Printing in Mosul was multilingual, thus the production of Arab cultural modernity and the Nahda (Arab Renaissance) should be reconsidered within a context of several competing languages. In Kirkuk, while the print culture appeared monolingual, the fixed nature of printing hid a multilingual cultural sphere.
Multilingual journeys: Jewish travel narratives and multicultural identities in interwar Iraq
Authors: Bashkin Orit
Published: June 2020

This article suggests that the Jews in northern Iraq lived in, and were part of, multiethnic and multireligious communities, whose identities were fluid, mobile and volatile. While some northern Jewish experiences serve as testimony to the strength of the new nation state, other historical experiences underline the fragmented nature of Iraqi society, where individuals were members of multiple linguistic and cultural communities. These shifting Jewish identities, moreover, were not simply a result of Jews living amongst Arab, Turkish, Kurdish, Assyrian and Armenian communities, but rather a product of Iraqi modernity itself.
Village nostalgia: Assyrians, folklore and the hybrid intellectual sphere in modern Iraq
Authors: Benjamen Alda
Published: June 2020

In the 1970s, cultural and political currents aligned, enabling Assyrian migrants from northern Iraq who were visible in urban centres, given their activism within the Iraqi Left, to benefit from cultural concessions granted by the Iraqi state. These currents were in accordance with a global movement intrigued by folklore, but also politicized by an Iraqi state focused on the appropriation of folklore for the purposes of expanding its hegemony. I explore the hybridized and multilingual Iraqi cultural space by examining Iraqi publications – not only general circulation magazines concerned with folklore, women and leftist politics, but also bilingual publications in Arabic and neo-Aramaic produced by the Assyrian community, and particularly the Alqoshis. With its multilingual bazaar and historic role as See of the Church of the East, Alqosh can be seen as a precursor to the pluralistic cultural scene experienced in urban Iraqi centres of the 1970s.
The North Iraq Dataset (NIDS) files: Northern Iraq under Baʿthist rule, 1968–911
Authors: Sassoon Joseph , Brill Michael
Published: June 2020

The first archival collection from Saddam Hussein’s regime to receive the attention of researchers in the early 1990s was the large number of documents secured by Iraqi Kurdish rebels in the March 1991 uprising. The documents have been referred to variously as the Iraqi secret police files, the Anfal files, the North Iraq records, and are today known as the North Iraq Dataset (NIDS). In addition to being the first of several collections of Baʿth-era documents removed from Iraq by the US military as a result of the 1991 and 2003 wars, the NIDS was also the first collection returned to the country by the US government in 2005. This article discusses the history of the NIDS, the contents of the archive, efforts to digitize and study the documents, along with investigating the fate of the original records.
Heavy-y-Metal: A través del cristal. Nuevas perspectivas culturales (‘Heavy-and-Metal: Through the looking glass. New cultural perspectives’), Fernando Galicia Poblet (ed.) (2019)
Authors: Álvarez Sofía , Marchioli Matías Padin
Published: June 2020

Review of: Heavy-y-Metal: A través del cristal. Nuevas perspectivas culturales (‘Heavy-and-Metal: Through the looking glass. New cultural perspectives’), Fernando Galicia Poblet (ed.) (2019)

Madrid: Apache Libros, 284 pp.,

ISBN 978-8-41203-453-0, p/bk, €18.95
Apoyo al régimen y niveles futuros de democracia: nuevas evidencias para América Latina
Authors: Palma Nerea C. , Parra Coray Gonzalo
Published: June 2020

A partir de un análisis longitudinal transversal debatimos la relación entre apoyo al régimen y niveles futuros de democracia en América Latina. Los resultados muestran que los niveles de democracia poliárquica y liberal afectan negativamente el respaldo ciudadano al régimen, no a la inversa como proponen estudios anteriores. Esto podría explicarse por el desarrollo de una actitud crítica y exigente en la población que vive en países con mayores niveles de democracia.
The receiving end: Namibian educators’ perceptions of international student exchange from the Global North
Authors: Klein Jørgen
Published: June 2020

This article explores Namibian cooperating partners’ perceptions of receiving pre-service teachers on international practicums. The article focuses on what they perceive as the main benefits and challenges of receiving the pre-service teachers and the potential for developing intercultural competence and global awareness through such arrangements. The Namibian partners were mostly positive about the Norwegian pre-service teachers, although there were also challenges related to differences in cultural and educational backgrounds. The findings are discussed in light of postcolonial theory. The article concludes that a stronger focus on the school and its place in the local community may make the travelling pre-service teachers more capable of understanding the local realities, and thus open to more nuanced dialogue and learning.
How children living in poor informal settlements in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana, perceive global citizenship
Authors: Leithead Jane , Humble Steve
Published: June 2020

This investigation looks at the antecedents and outcomes of 141 children living in poor informal settlements in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana identifying with global citizenship. It finds that the model of global citizenship devised by Reysen and Katzarska-Miller (2013) is a moderately good fit for this group of children. Structural equation modelling demonstrates that antecedents of global awareness as well as friends and family supporting global citizenship (normative environment) predict the child’s self-identification as a global citizen. This in turn predicts six prosocial traits: intergroup empathy, valuing diversity, social justice, environmental sustainability, intergroup helping and responsibility to act. The research suggests that there may be other elements to a global citizenship model that could be investigated in future research.
Direitos da Personalidade e Direitos Fundamentais
Authors: Souza d'Aquino Lúcia
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho aborda a polêmica a respeito da possibilidade ou não de disposição sobre os direitos da personalidade, através de uma perspectiva histórica de seu surgimento, em conjunto com análise doutrinária sobre o tema. A partir das origens e fundamentos desses direitos, é feita a discussão sobre a relação entre os direitos da personalidade e a autonomia privada dos indivíduos. Através de uma metodologia hipotético-dedutiva, pretende-se avaliar a classificação dos direitos de personalidade como indisponíveis. Para tanto, parte-se de uma abordagem histórica e geral a seu respeito para que, ao final, sejam abordadas suas características e o entendimento doutrinário e jurisprudencial a respeito do tema, concluindo-se pela indisponibilidade do gozo dos direitos de personalidade, bem como pela possibilidade de limitação voluntária de seu exercício.