bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Different Worlds of Labour and Company Law: Truth or Myth?
Authors: Botha Monray Marsellus
Published: April 2017

Recently the South African company law landscape underwent a dramatic overhaul with the introduction of the Companies Act 71 of 2008. Central to company law is the promotion of corporate governance. It is clear that companies are no longer accountable just to their shareholders but also to society at large. Leaders should, for example, direct company strategies and operations with a view to achieving the triple bottom-line (economic, social and environmental performance) and should thus also manage the business in a sustainable manner. An important question in company law still today is in whose interest the company should be managed. Different stakeholders of importance to companies include shareholders, managers, employees, creditors etcetera. The Companies Act aims to balance the rights and obligations of shareholders and directors within companies, and it encourages the efficient and responsible management of companies. When considering the role of employees in corporations it must be noted that the Constitution grants every person a fundamental right to fair labour practices. Social as well as political changes were evident after South Africa's re-entering the world stage in the 1990s. Changes in socio-economic conditions within a developing country were also evident. These changes had a major influence on the South African labour law dispensation. Like company law, labour law is to a large extent also codified. Like company law, no precise definition of labour law exists. It is clear from the various definitions of labour law that it covers both the individual and collective labour law and that various role-players are involved. Some of these role-players include trade unions, employers/companies, employees, and the state. The various relationships between these parties are ultimately what will guide a certain outcome if there is a power play between them. In 1995 the South African labour market was transformed with the introduction of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995. The LRA remains the primary piece of labour legislation that governs labour law in South Africa. The notion of industrial democracy and transformation of the workplace are central issues in South African labour law. This is due to the constitutional changes that have taken place in South Africa, where the protection of human rights and the democratisation of the workplace are advanced. Before the enactment of the LRA, employee participation and voice was a much-debated topic not only locally but also internationally. It is therefore essential when considering employee participation to take due cognisance of both the labour and company law principles that may be pertinent, as well as the need for workers to have a voice in the workplace and for employers to manage their corporations. This article will attempt to indicate how the different functions, theories and models of labour and company law accommodate and promote the interests of employees in corporations and will also attempt to reconcile these differences.
Limiting Organisational Rights of Minority Unions: POPCRU v Ledwaba 2013 11 BLLR 1137 (LC)
Authors: Cohen Tamara
Published: April 2017

The Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 unequivocally promotes the policy choice of majoritarianism, in furtherance of orderly collective bargaining and the democratisation of the workplace. The majoritarian model aims to minimise the proliferation of trade unions in a single workplace and to encourage the system of a representative trade union.

Section 18(1) of the Labour Relations Act enables majority unions to enter into collective agreements setting thresholds of representivity for the granting of access, stop-order and trade-union leave rights to minority unions. In furtherance of the majoritarian framework, collective agreements concluded between majority unions and employers can be extended to non-parties to the agreement in terms of section 23(1)(d) of the Labour Relations Act provided specified requirements are satisfied. In Police & Prisons Civil Rights Union v Ledwaba 2013 11 BLLR 1137 (LC) (POPCRU) the Labour Court was required to consider if the collective agreements concluded between the employer and the majority union could be relied upon to prohibit the minority union from securing organisational rights. In so doing, the Labour Court had to reconcile the fundamental principle of freedom of association and the right to fair labour practices (to organise and engage in unfettered collective bargaining) within the context of the majoritarian framework. The Labour Court in POPCRU held that the collective agreement concluded with the majority union must have preference over the organisational rights of minority unions, in keeping with the principle of collective bargaining hierarchy and the legislative framework.

 

This case note argues that, while the finding of the labour court in POPCRU is correct on the facts and is in keeping with the principle of majoritarianism, the legislative model may no longer be suitable within the context of the current socio-economic and political landscape. Strike violence, loss of confidence in existing bargaining structures, and the alienation of vulnerable employees from majority unions has resulted in minority unions taking up the cudgels of frustrated and disempowered employees, as witnessed in the Marikana experience. The note suggests that in the light of the changing dynamics of the collective bargaining environment, it may be time to revisit the majoritarian model.
Introducing dinoflagellate gene into diatom using gene gun v1
Authors: Lin and Kaidian Zhang Senjie
Published: April 2017

While dinoflagellate transformation tool is not yet ready, transforming dinoflagellate genes into a model alga such as a diatom is a viable option.
Introducing dinoflagellate gene into diatom using gene gun v2
Authors: Lin and Kaidian Zhang Senjie
Published: April 2017

While dinoflagellate transformation tool is not yet ready, transforming dinoflagellate genes into a model alga such as a diatom is a viable option.
Social Anxiety And Perfectionism In Young People Who Stutter
Authors: Gorshkova E.N. , Volikova S.V.
Published: April 2017

The purpose of the present research was to screen for social anxiety and perfectionism among young people who stutter (PWS). Participants included 71 PWS and 51 normally-fluent controls. Young PWS were characterized by significantly higher rates of social anxiety, which involved social distress, social avoidance and fear of negative evaluation. The rate of perfectionism in experimental group equated the severity of maladaptive perfectionism in patients with anxiety disorders. PWS tend to interpret others as imposing unrealistically high standards and re- quirements on them and critically evaluating their actions. They constantly select negative information, failures and mistakes, depreciating and not noticing their own achievements and successes. They are inclined to dichotomous and polarized thinking (of “all or nothing” type). Severity of stuttering in young people is associated with social anxiety and perfectionism. The results of present study evidence the need to highlight significant social anxiety and maladaptive perfectionism in PWS as targets of psychotherapy.

We express gratitude to Khavanov A.Yu., Head of the Department of Logoneurosis of «Center of Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation — Moscow Department of Healthcare», and his colleagues (Geras’kin A.A., Bogdanov M.A.) for their help in research conduction.
To Be From One’s Own Self
Authors: Kondratova N.A.
Published: April 2017

The article presents the case study of psychotherapeutic work with a client, who had symptoms of the emotional-volitional reduction. Psychotherapy lasted for 18 months. The author used the following ideas of the existential approach as a support and guidance for the therapeutic work: “existence precedes essence”; the authentic mode of existence as a prerequisite for mental health, the authenticity of life achieved through comprehension of one’s experience; development of the ability of listening to oneself (ability to develop skills of listening to oneself and one’s own subjectivity), the willingness to make a conscious independent choice. The article provides the description of the nature and dynamics of the therapeutic relationship, dynamics of the client’s self-understanding and lifeworld in the process of therapy and basic methods of therapeutic work.
AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA DE BETERRABAS ORGÂNICAS NÃO CONFORMES À COMERCIALIZAÇÃO NA PRODUÇÃO DE FARINHAS: MODELO DE SUSTENTABILIDADE PARA AGROINDÚSTRIA FAMILIAR RURAL, RS, BRASIL
Authors: Pasa Claimeri , Lovatto Patrícia Braga , Hoeltz Michele , Engel Bruno , Rohlfes Ana Lúcia Becker , Lobo Eduardo Alcayaga
Published: April 2017

Considerando a quantidade de vegetais não conformes à comercialização desperdiçados em entrepostos e feiras livres, configurando perdas nutricionais e de renda, bem como a destinação final inadequada no ambiente, a pesquisa objetivou avaliar a eficiência da reutilização da beterraba orgânica não conforme na produção de farinha. Realizou-se a análise da composição centesimal da beterraba conforme e não conforme, para tempos de secagem (2h, 5h, 7h e 9h), a 75 ºC. O tempo de 2h resultou o mais adequado, considerando os custos para uma agroindústria familiar, tendo apresentado valores de umidade conforme os padrões. Houve um aumento nos teores de fibras, proteínas e cinzas, caracterizando uma farinha de alto valor nutritivo. A análise da palatabilidade da massa com 25% de farinha de beterraba não conforme, adicionada à farinha de trigo, revelou um elevado grau de aceitabilidade. A reutilização de resíduos vegetais orgânicos não conformes pode se tornar uma fonte de renda, além de contribuir para sustentabilidade.
The incidence of postoperative infection in tertiary rural hospital
Authors: Chawada Meghraj , Nisale Shobha S. , Kharkate Ganesh K. , Deshmukh Sudhir B.
Published: April 2017

Background: Post-operative wound infections have been a problem since surgery was started as a treatment modality. Post-operative infections were responsible for 70-80% of deaths until Ignaz Semmelweis and Joseph Lister, in middle of 19th century, introduced methods of infection control by use of antiseptics. Objective was to study the incidence of postoperative infection in tertiary rural hospital.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out at Department of General Surgery, SRTR Rural Government Medical College from September 2015 to August 2016 among 1250 patients. Detailed history, complete and thorough clinical examination was carried out for each and every individual included in the present study. The patients are assessed pre operatively and post operatively.Results: It was found that the maximum cases belong to the age group of 26-35 years i.e. 28.32% followed by age group of 36-45 years (25.68%). The proportion of males was slightly more than females. The most common surgical procedure done was inguinal hernioplasty in 24.96% of cases followed by internal appendectomy in 22.24% of cases. Maximum study subjects had clean surgical procedure in 62.08% of cases. The highest incidence (19.46%) was found in the age group of above 56 years followed by age more than 56 years in 19.46% of cases. It was found that the incidence of SSI was more among females than males. It was found that the incidence of SSI was more among those with some co-morbidity than among those who doesn’t have any co-morbidity.Conclusions: Surgical infections particularly, surgical site infections, have always been a major complication of surgery and trauma. The overall prevalence of surgical site wound infection in the surgical ward was 10.4%.
Acción antioxidante conjunta de extractos etanólicos de Mollinedia lanceolata, Croton leptostachyus y Siparuna sessiliflora
Authors: Pérez-Jaramillo Claudia C. , Sánchez-Peralta Wilmer Fernando , Murillo-Arango Walter , Méndez-Arteaga John J.
Published: April 2017

En los últimos años el daño oxidativo se ha detectado en enfermedades como el cáncer, la diabetes y el Alzheimer, entre otras. Como una alternativa para la prevención y tratamiento de tales enfermedades, se ha propuesto el consumo de antioxidantes, especialmente de fuentes vegetales; sin embargo, se ha estudiado poco el efecto de las mezclas de compuestos de naturaleza antioxidante o de matrices que los contienen. En este trabajo se evaluó el potencial antioxidante de extractos y mezclas de Mollinedia lanceolata (Monimiaceae), Siparuna sessiliflora (Siparunaceae) y Croton leptostachyus (Euphorbiaceae). Se prepararon extractos etanólicos crudos de las tres plantas previamente caracterizados mediante procedimientos de fitoquímmica. Se hicieron pruebas antioxidantes indirectas con el radical 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidracilo (DPPH) y el catión del ácido 2,2’-azino-bis 3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-sulfónico (ABTS), se determinaron las concentraciones de inhibición media (CI50) usadas como base para la preparación de mezclas en una proporción de uno a uno con todos los extractos y se evaluó de nuevo su actividad antioxidante y antihemolítica, así como su índice de combinación con el programa de acceso libre CompuSyn. En los especímenes de estudio se hallaron polifenoles, taninos, flavonoides, terpenos, esteroides y alcaloides. El extracto más activo en la estabilización del radical DPPH fue el de C. leptostachyus (CI50 = 53,5 ± 1,1 mg/l) y en la del ABTS, el de M. lanceolata (CI50 = 128,8 ± 0,9 mg/l). Todas las mezclas actuaron de manera sinérgica para estabilizar el DPPH con índices de combinación (IC) mayores de uno, en tanto que en el caso del ABTS las mezclas fueron antagónicas (IC>1), excepto la de M. lanceolata y S. sessiliflora (IC<1). Ninguno de los extractos presentó efecto antihemolítico manifestado en mayores tasas de hemólisis, especialmente en las mezclas. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Validación de la precipitación estimada por modelos climáticos acoplados del proyecto de intercomparación CMIP5 en Colombia
Authors: Bonilla-Ovallos Carlos Andrés , Mesa Sánchez Oscar José
Published: April 2017

La predicción de los posibles cambios en la precipitación como resultado del cambio climático global, la deforestación y otras perturbaciones antrópicas, es un problema práctico y científico de gran complejidad y enormes consecuencias. La estrategia tradicional ha sido recurrir a modelos climáticos globales acoplados de océano y atmósfera. Sin embargo, aunque tales modelos han significado avances importantes en la representación del clima pasado y presente, no están exentos de dificultades, especialmente en lo concerniente a la estimación de la precipitación en un país montañoso y tropical como Colombia. Para avanzar en el conocimiento de la confiabilidad de tales predicciones se evaluó la precipitación histórica en algunos modelos del proyecto de intercomparación de modelos acoplados (CMIP5) mediante la comparación sistemática de dicha precipitación con la precipitación observada tomada de los registros de la base de datos del modelo hidrológico nacional propuesto por Hurtado (2009). Se evaluaron diferentes medidas de error, entre ellas, las del error medio absoluto, la raíz del error medio cuadrático, el índice de concordancia, el error sistemático (bias), y los coeficientes de correlación y de determinación. Los resultados de la evaluación estacional y regional cuestionan la credibilidad de las predicciones de la precipitación de los modelos de circulación general (MCG) para Colombia, lo cual llama a la reflexión sobre su uso y resalta la importancia de profundizar en la investigación sobre el tema, en aras de contribuir a la adopción de las decisiones pertinentes. Por último, debe hacerse énfasis en la necesidad de un programa nacional de investigación para responder a la acuciante pregunta del impacto del cambio climático sobre la precipitación en Colombia. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Acceptance rate of Africanized honey bee larvae in hives maintained in the shade and under full sunlight in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Santos Ricardo Gonçalves , Sombra Daiana da Silva , Domingos Herica Girlane Tertulino , Gonçalves Lionel Segui
Published: April 2017

In the Semiarid region of Northeast Brazil, adverse environmental conditions such as high radiation and temperature affect the balance of homeostasis of the colonies of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). This research aimed to evaluate the rate of acceptance of Africanized honey bees larvae (Important stage of process of queen-rearing) in hives installed in the shade and under full sunlight in the semiarid climate of Northeastern Brazil. 10 colonies of honeybees (5 in the shade and 5 under full sunlight) were orphaned and prepared with young workers and food, having standardized biomass (equal population conditions) to receive frames containing 60-100 queen cell cups with larvae up to 24 hour-old. The acceptance percentage of transferred or grafted larvae to each colony was measured 72 hours after carrying out transfers and means were compared by the Student’s t-test at 5% probability. The colonies under shade conditions showed acceptance rate of 68.82 ± 17.03%, significantly higher (P = 0.0044) than the colonies subjected to direct sunlight with only 52.13 ± 16.29%. Thus, for the production of queens and royal jelly of Africanized honeybees in the semiarid climate of Northeast Brazil, it is strongly recommended the installation of apiaries in shady locations.
King Lear Reveals the Tragic Pattern of Shakespeare
Authors: Al-Ibia Salim Eflih
Published: April 2017

Rather than focusing on the obvious traditions of evaluating Shakespearean tragic heroes, this paper presents a groundbreaking approach to unfold the pattern William Shakespeare follows as he designed his unique characters. This pattern applies to most, if not all, Shakespearean tragic heroes. I argue that Shakespeare himself reveals a great portion of this pattern on the tongue of Lear as the latter disowns Goneril and Regan promising to have “such revenges on [them] both” in King Lear. Lear’s threats bestow four unique aspects that apply not only to his character but they also apply to Shakespearean tragic heroes. Lear’s speech tells us that he is determined to have an awful type of revenge on his daughters. However, the very same speech tells us that he seems uncertain about the method through which he should carry out this revenge. Lear does not express any type of remorse as he pursues his vengeful plans nor should he aim at amnesty. He also admits his own madness as he closes his revealing speech. This research develops these facts about Lear to unfold the unique pattern Shakespeare follows as he portrayed his major tragic figures. This pattern is examined, described and analyzed in King Lear, Othello, and Hamlet. We will find out that the pattern suggested in this study helps us better understand Shakespeare’s tragedies and enables us to provide better explanations for some controversial scenes in the tragedies discussed.  
O USO DAS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO NAS PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS DOS PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Ziede Mariangela Kraemer Lenz , Silva Ezequiel Theodoro da , Pegoraro Ludimar
Published: April 2017

O USO DAS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO NAS PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS DOS PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
A VARIAÇÃO LINGUÍSTICA NA HISTÓRIA EM QUADRINHOS: O ENSINO DA LÍNGUA MATERNA COM O APOIO DA HQ TURMA DA MÔNICA
Authors: Gonçalves Natália Martins , Pereira Lizandra De Oliveira , Oliveira Jaíne Almeida , Coelho Angélica Tiscoski , Cizescki Fernanda
Published: April 2017

A VARIAÇÃO LINGUÍSTICA NA HISTÓRIA EM QUADRINHOS: O ENSINO DA LÍNGUA MATERNA COM O APOIO DA HQ TURMA DA MÔNICA
ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS: CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO AMBIENTAL POR MEIO DE UMA SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA COM ALUNOS DO 6º ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Prudêncio Márcia Elida Domingos , Silva Juliana Pires da , Daniel Rosabel Bertolin
Published: April 2017

ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS: CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO AMBIENTAL POR MEIO DE UMA SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA COM ALUNOS DO 6º ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS E ARQUITETURAS PEDAGÓGICAS NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Fiuza Patricia Jantsch , Mocelin Roberta Ribas
Published: April 2017

TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS E ARQUITETURAS PEDAGÓGICAS NA EDUCAÇÃO
The Effect of Carica Pubescens Lenne and K. Koch Fruit Extract from Dieng Plateau and Cangar to the Amount of Fibroblasts Cells on the Healing of Oral Mucosal Inflammation
Authors: Kristanti Risma Aprinda
Published: April 2017

The purposes of this research are to know the effect of C.pubescens fruit extract on the amount of gingival fibroblasts in wound healing of Rattus norvegicus mouth cavity’s mucosal and to know the effect of C.pubescens comes from two different areas (Dieng and Cangar) on the amount of gingival fibroblasts in wound healing of Rattus norvegicus oral mucosa. Twenty eight rats are divided to be four groups (K1, K2, K3, and K4), each rat is wounded 1 cm on the gingival mucosa of lower jaw (specifically on the apical region of incisive teeth). K1 is the control group with aquadest treatment on the wound. The wound in the K2 is treated with C.pubescens fruit extract from Dieng. The wound in the K3 is treated with C.pubescens fruit extract from Cangar. And the treatment for K4 is medicated by policresulen (common medicine for oral mucosal wound). On the fifth day of the treatment, all rats are sacrificed, and the gingival tissue is taken up for the next step. Gingival tissue is smeared by Haematoxylin Eosin (HE) to analyze the amount of gingival fibroblasts histologically. The result of this research shows that the highest average amount of gingival fibroblasts comes from K4 (policresulen treatment). And there is no significant difference on the number of Rattus norvegicus gingival fibroblasts from all of the groups (K1, K2, K3, and K4).

 

Keywords: fibroblast, gingival, wound, mucosa, mouth, C.pubescens
Evaluating the Performance of a Single-Item, Global, Estimate of Missed Nursing Care
Authors: Hamilton Patti , Willis Eileen , Jones Terry , McKelvie Rhonda , Blackman Ian , Toffoli Luisa , Harvey Clare
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose: Current measures of missed nursing care employ inventories of tasks which are rated for the frequency with which each is missed. These lists have shortcomings for research and clinical evaluation. There is a need for measures with less response burden, wider generalizability, and greater sensitivity and specificity for identifying poor quality care. Methods: We tested a single-item, global, measure using data from a large study of missed care in Australia. We employed traditional and innovative analysis techniques such as receiver operating characteristic curve and item response theory. Results: The single-item measure had adequate concurrent and convergent validity when compared to one list-format measure of missed care and strong sensitivity and specificity for identifying poor quality care. Conclusions: A well-crafted single-item measure, such as the one tested, can be useful for measuring missed nursing care.
La Communication Numérique Sur La RSO Dans Le Milieu Hospitalier
Authors: Bouchra Jebari
Published: April 2017

Mainly associated with the private sector, Corporate Social Responsibility -CSR- can also play a big and important role for public organizations; regardless of their size, type, orientation(s) or mission(s), these organizations tend to pursue more and more effective initiatives in order to be socially responsible. In health sector, hospital centers are organizations where “social” is part of their basic missions, two more aspects “environmental” and “economic” can be added in order to establish CSR basis, combining these aspects through an effective communication should be at the heart of any CSR strategy. In order to study CSR content communicated online through official moroccan hospital centers’ websites and social media, we conducted this study by using different indicators from various analysis grids related to the key areas of our research (CSR, health and communication). Opting for digital communication via websites and social media can be a useful and practical way to help hospital centers be socially responsible.
Niveles De Motivación Y Las Competencias Laborales Específicas De Los Trabajadores A Distancia
Authors: Polanco-Rico Keith , Reyes-López J. Gerardo , García-Bencomo Myrna I. , Martínez-Ramos Pedro J. , Gutiérrez-Diez María del Carmen
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between motivation and specific job skills of teleworkers. The methodology was applied, descriptive and correlational. The study was hypothetical deductive, non experimental, transactional and quantitative. The sampling was non probabilistic by quotas, was included telecommuters from different companies that use this type of work, located in the interior of Mexico, USA and Canada. The sample size was 27 teleworkers. A questionnaire of 52 questions was used as a measuring tool. The data analysis was descriptive and chi square test was used to identify the relationship of the independent variable motivation with the dependent variable specific job skills of teleworkers. The main results showed that motivation is high and teleworkers have a high development in most of their job skills. Also among the most outstanding results it was found that the variable motivation in the three indicators analyzed: the need for existence, value and growth, have a closer relationship with labor competition autonomy, than the rest of labor skills analyzed.
Co-Operative Societies and Poverty Reduction Among Members for Community Development in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: G. Adekola, , Chidinma Dokubo,
Published: April 2017

The paper examined how cooperative societies operating in Rivers State have been carrying out poverty reduction activities among their members so as to help them contribute to community development. The study answered three research questions. The population of this study comprised 2,355 members of twenty one (21) registered cooperative societies whose activities cover thrift and loan, and thrift and credit facilities. Stratified random sampling technique was used to sample 1,103 representing 50% of the members of the twenty one (21) thrift loan and credit cooperative societies which were used for the study. Through the study, authors established that cooperative societies in the area of study have been empowering their members through their poverty reduction activities. However, factors such as Lack of capital and corruption among the heads of cooperative societies in the State have been militating against the effectiveness of the cooperative poverty reduction activities. Therefore, in order to sustain the cooperative poverty reduction activities, cooperators need cooperative education.
Pratiques Traditionnelles de Conservation de la Nature à L’épreuve des Faits Chez Les Peuples Riverains de la Réserve de Biosphère de Yangambi (RDC)
Authors: Koy Justin Kyale , Ngonga Alphonse Maindo Monga
Published: April 2017

The Riparian people of the Biosphere Reserve of Yangambi (Turumbu and Bamanga) have traditionally developed practices of nature conservation. However, the ongoing socio-cultural changes in the region are likely to affect the sustainability of those practices. On one hand, this study aims to identify the Turumbu and Bamanga’s existing traditional practices and knowledge about conservation. On the other hand, it aims to analyze the socio-cultural changes on their sustainability. Data collection techniques comprised of historical archives exploitation, focus-group, and individual interviews conducted for 20 villages surrounding the Biosphere Reserve of Yangambi (BRY). Investigations revealed a huge range of practices affecting plant communities and wildlife species as well as natural phenomena restricting either hunting or fishing activities. Findings also pointed out traditional knowledge and mystical-based considerations from agricultural practices. In addition, cemeteries, sites for the rites of passage, the food-based taboos, and legendary sites were target to sacralisation. The grafting between religion, colonization, modernity and culture, resulted to a bottleneck which affects such practices. In spite of these constraints, the study shows that there are still opportunities at the multilevel (local, national, global) for their reactivation.
Misconceptions about Calorimetry
Authors: Livan Michele , Wigmans Richard
Published: April 2017

In the past 50 years, calorimeters have become the most important detectors in many particle physics experiments, especially experiments in colliding-beam accelerators at the energy frontier. In this paper, we describe and discuss a number of common misconceptions about these detectors, as well as the consequences of these misconceptions. We hope that it may serve as a useful source of information for young colleagues who want to familiarize themselves with these tricky instruments.
Higher Ocean Surface Wind Speeds During Marine Cold Air Outbreaks
Authors: Kolstad Erik W.
Published: April 2017

Marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs) are large-scale phenomena in which cold air masses are advected over open ocean. It is well-known that these events are linked to the formation of polar lows and other mesoscale phenomena associated with high wind speeds, and that they therefore in some cases represent a hazard to maritime activities. However, it is still unknown whether MCAOs are generally conducive to higher wind speeds than normal. Here this is investigated by comparing the behaviour of ocean surface wind speeds during MCAOs in three atmospheric reanalysis products with different horizontal grid spacings, along with case studies using a convection-permitting numerical weather prediction model. The study regions are the Labrador Sea and the Greenland–Iceland–Norwegian (GIN) Seas, where MCAOs have been shown to be important for air–sea interaction and deep water formation. The main findings are: 1) Wind speeds during the most extreme MCAO events are stronger than normal and higher than wind speeds during less severe events; 2) The peak times of MCAO usually occur when baroclinic waves pass over the regions; and 3) Reanalyses with grid spacings of more than 50 km appear to underestimate winds driven by the large ocean–atmosphere energy fluxes during MCAOs. It is also shown that while the strong wind episodes during MCAOs generally last for just a few days, MCAOs can persist for up to 50 days. These findings demonstrate that it would be worthwhile to forecast MCAOs, and that it might be possible to do this beyond the standard weather forecasting range of up to 10 days.
Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine Using 3D Porous Graphene Oxide/Gold Nanoparticle Composites
Authors: Choo Sung-Sik , Kang Ee-Seul , Song Inbeom , Lee Dong-Hyun , Choi Jeong-Woo , Kim Tae-Hyung
Published: April 2017

The detection of dopamine in a highly sensitive and selective manner is crucial for the early diagnosis of a number of neurological diseases/disorders. Here, a report on a new platform for the electrochemical detection of dopamine with a considerable accuracy that comprises a 3D porous graphene oxide (pGO)/gold nanoparticle (GNP)/pGO composite-modified indium tin oxide (ITO) is presented. The pGO was first synthesized and purified by ultrasonication and centrifugation, and it was then further functionalized on the surface of a GNP-immobilized ITO electrode. Remarkably, owing to the synergistic effects of the pGO and GNPs, the 3D pGO-GNP-pGO-modified ITO electrode showed a superior dopamine-detection performance compared with the other pGO- or GNP-modified ITO electrodes. The linear range of the newly developed sensing platform is from 0.1 μM to 30 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.28 μM, which is more precise than the other previously reported GO-functionalized electrodes. Moreover, the 3D pGO-GNP-pGO-modified ITO electrodes maintained their detection capability even in the presence of several interfering molecules (e.g., ascorbic acid, glucose). The proposed platform of the 3D pGO-GNP-pGO-modified ITO electrode could therefore serve as a competent candidate for the development of a dopamine-sensing platform that is potentially applicable for the early diagnosis of various neurological diseases/disorders.
Epistemic Regards on Food as a Commons: Plurality of Schools, Genealogy of Meanings, Confusing Vocabularies
Authors: Vivero-Pol José Luis
Published: April 2017

Commons and food are experiencing a revival in recent years and yet the links between both are almost absent in academic and political discourses. Commons are often portrayed as historical and yet innovative governing mechanisms that can challenge the State-Market hegemony. On the other side, food is both a relevant agent of change and a major driver of planetary destruction, being thus cause and solution to multiple crises that affect humankind. Departing from the commodification of food as one root cause of the broken global food system, this text firstly situates and discusses the different schools of thought (or epistemologies) that have addressed the private/public, commodity/commons nature of goods in general, and then explores how those schools have considered food in particular. To do so, the author has defined five epistemologies, four academic (economic, legal, historical and political) and one non-academic (grassroots activists). The analysis highlights how those epistemologies have yielded incommensurable understandings and conflicting vocabularies, hence creating confusion in the socio-political realm and even rejection around the idea of food being considered as a commons. The economic epistemic regard has reigned over the others by applying an approach to commons, public and private goods that is theoretical, reductionist and ontological instead of phenomenological, therefore preventing or obscuring other scholarly or practical understanding of commons. When applied to food, the iron law of economics dictated that food, a private good based on rivalry and excludability, shall be better allocated through market mechanisms with absolute proprietary rights and valued as a pure commodity. This reductionist view collides with the plurality of meanings of food in different societies, civilisations and historical periods, as other schools of thought indicate. The author uses diverse epistemic tools to re-construct food as a commons, based on its essentiality to human beings and societies and the customary and contemporary praxis to produce, consume and govern food collectively through non-market mechanisms for more than 2000 centuries. As commoning has instituting power to create different political and legal frameworks, if food is valued differently the entire architecture of the global food system would change, as the grassroots activist school claims. Re-commoning food defies the legal and political scaffoldings that sustain the hegemony of market and state decision-makers over eaters and food producers and informs sustainable forms of food production (agro-ecology), new collective practices of governance (food democracies) and alternative policies to regain control over the food system (food sovereignty). Food as a commons is an agent of change with transformative power, no matter what economists say.
PEMANFAATAN SOSIAL MEDIA DALAM PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DAN PERIKANAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Prayoga Kadhung
Published: April 2017

ABSTRAK

Pertukaran informasi menjadi masalah yang mendapat sorotan dalam kegiatan penyuluhan pertanian dan perikanan. Banyaknya jumlah petani, nelayan dan sedikitnya jumlah penyuluh membuat pertukaran informasi diantara keduanya menjadi tidak optimal. Upaya dalam meminimalisir hal tersebut adalah dengan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi seperti sosial media sebagai media penyuluhan. Sehingga, paper ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan penyuluhan yang memanfaatkan sosial media ini lewat sebuah studi literature terhadap sumber data sekunder. Sosial media seperti facebook, twitter, dan vicon menjadi pilihan Pusluhdaya KP dan Kementan sebagai media penyuluhan. Dari hasil analisis penggunaan facebook dirasa masih sangat kurang optimal karena tidak ada update informasi terkait kegiatan perikanan. Namun, Kementan justru sangat aktif dalam menggunakan facebook. Sedangkan untuk pemanfaatan twitter, keduanya sama-sama aktif untuk berinteraksi dengan masyarakat. Pemanfaatan vicon dinilai sangat baik untuk Pusluhdaya KP, namun masih kurang dioptimalkan oleh Kementan. Secara rutin dua institusi ini memperbaharui informasi terkait kegiatan pertanian dan perikanan. Baik dari segi budi daya, teknologi, maupun pemasaran. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan penyuluhan yang memanfaatkan sosial media harus terus dioptimalkan karena jumlah penggunanya yang terus meningkat. Pengelolaan sosial media juga harus lebih interaktif, aktif, dan cepat tanggap dalam menanggapi respon masyarakat. Dengan maksud agar minat masyarakat terhadap sektor pertanian dan perikanan semakin meningkat.
Modeling Effect of Geochemical Reactions on Real-Reservoir-Fluid Mixture During Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Venkatraman Ashwin , Dindoruk Birol , Elshahawi Hani , Lake Larry W. , Johns Russell T.
Published: April 2017

Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection in oil reservoirs has the dual benefit of enhancing oil recovery from declining reservoirs and sequestering a greenhouse gas to combat climate change. CO2 injected in carbonate reservoirs, such as those found in the Middle East, can react with ions present in the brine and the solid calcite in the carbonate rocks. These geochemical reactions affect the overall mole numbers and, in some extreme cases, even the number of phases at equilibrium, affecting oil-recovery predictions obtained from compositional simulations. Hence, it is important to model the effect of geochemical reactions on a real-reservoir-fluid mixture during CO2 injection. In this study, the Gibbs free-energy function is used to integrate phase-behavior computations and geochemical reactions to find equilibrium composition. The Gibbs free-energy minimization method by use of elemental-balance constraint is used to obtain equilibrium composition arising out of phase and chemical equilibrium. The solid phase is assumed to be calcite, the hydrocarbon phases are characterized by use of the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EOS) (Robinson et al. 1985), and the aqueous-phase components are described by use of the Pitzer activity-coefficient model (Pitzer 1973). The binary-interaction parameters for the EOS and the activity-coefficient model are obtained by use of experimental data. The effect of the changes in phase behavior of a real-reservoir fluid with 22 components is presented in this paper. We observe that the changes in phase behavior of the resulting reservoir-fluid mixture in the presence of geochemical reactions depend on two factors: the volume ratio (and hence molar ratio) of the aqueous phase to the hydrocarbon phase and the salinity of the brine. These changes represent a maximum effect of geochemical reactions because all reactions are assumed to be at equilibrium. This approach can be adapted to any reservoir brine and hydrocarbon as long as the initial formation-water composition and their Gibbs free energy at standard states are known. The resultant model can be integrated in any reservoir simulator because any algorithm can be used for minimizing the Gibbs free-energy function of the entire system.
Polymer-Flooding Economics, From Pilot to Field Implementation
Authors: Sieberer Martin , Jamek Karl , Clemens Torsten
Published: April 2017

Polymer flooding of oil fields has not reached the same maturity as waterflooding. Hence, implementing polymer projects at field scale requires a workflow comprising several steps. The workflow starts with screening of the portfolio of an organization for oil fields potentially amenable for this enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) method. Next, laboratory and field testing is required, followed by sector and field implementation and finally rollout in the portfolio.

Going through the workflow, not only is the subsurface uncertainty reduced, but also the knowledge regarding the cost structure and operating capabilities of the organization is improved.

Analyzing the economics of polymer-injection projects shows that costs can be split into costs dependent on the polymer injector/producer (polymer pattern) and costs that are independent. Knowing these costs, a minimum economic number of patterns (MENP) is defined to achieve net present value (NPV) of zero. This number is used to determine a minimum economic field size (MEFS) for polymer injection, which is taken into account in the screening of the portfolio.

A robustness criterion for economic-evaluation purposes is defined as the minimum number of patterns required for economic polymer injection. By use of this criterion, a diagram is derived allowing for screening of fields for polymer economics by use of pattern-dependent and pattern-independent costs and the utility factor (UF).

The cost structure reveals how the NPV of polymer projects changes with the number of patterns, incremental oil, and injectivity. Injectivity is particularly important because it determines the chemical-affected reservoir volume (CARV) or speed of production.

A sensitivity analysis of the NPV showed that for the cost structure used here, in addition to the polymer costs, the well costs are important for the economics of a full-field polymer-injection project.
Foam Diversion in Heterogeneous Reservoirs: Effect of Permeability and Injection Method
Authors: Al Ayesh A. H. , Salazar R.. , Farajzadeh R.. , Vincent-Bonnieu S.. , Rossen W. R.
Published: April 2017

Foam can divert flow from higher- to lower-permeability layers and thereby improve the injection profile in gas-injection enhanced oil recovery (EOR). This paper compares two methods of foam injection, surfactant-alternating-gas (SAG) and coinjection of gas and surfactant solution, in their abilities to improve injection profiles in heterogeneous reservoirs. We examine the effects of these two injection methods on diversion by use of fractional-flow modeling. The foam-model parameters for four sandstone formations ranging in permeability from 6 to 1,900 md presented by Kapetas et al. (2015) are used to represent a hypothetical reservoir containing four noncommunicating layers.

Permeability affects both the mobility reduction of wet foam in the low-quality-foam regime and the limiting capillary pressure at which foam collapses. The effectiveness of diversion varies greatly with the injection method. In a SAG process, diversion of the first slug of gas depends on foam behavior at very-high foam quality. Mobility in the foam bank during gas injection depends on the nature of a shock front that bypasses most foam qualities usually studied in the laboratory. The foam with the lowest mobility at fixed foam quality does not necessarily give the lowest mobility in a SAG process. In particular, diversion in SAG depends on how and whether foam collapses at low water saturation; this property varies greatly among the foams reported by Kapetas et al. (2015). Moreover, diversion depends on the size of the surfactant slug received by each layer before gas injection. This favors diversion away from high-permeability layers that receive a large surfactant slug. However, there is an optimum surfactant-slug size: Too little surfactant and diversion from high-permeability layers is not effective, whereas with too much, mobility is reduced in low-permeability layers. For a SAG process, injectivity and diversion depend critically on whether foam collapses completely at irreducible water saturation.

In addition, we show the diversion expected in a foam-injection process as a function of foam quality. The faster propagation of surfactant and foam in the higher-permeability layers aids in diversion, as expected. This depends on foam quality and non-Newtonian foam mobility and varies with injection time. Injectivity is extremely poor with foam injection for these extremely strong foams, but for some SAG foam processes with effective diversion it is better than injectivity in a waterflood.
Implications of the Presence of Maturing Fruit on Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Distribution in Grapevines under Postveraison Water Constraints
Authors: Rossouw Gerhard C. , Smith Jason P. , Barril Celia , Deloire Alain , Holzapfel Bruno P.
Published: April 2017

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) berries are sugar and nitrogen (N) sinks between veraison and fruit maturity. Limited photoassimilation, often caused by water constraints, induces reserve total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) remobilization, contributing to berry sugar accumulation, while fruit N accumulation can be affected by vine water supply. Although postveraison root carbohydrate remobilization toward the fruit has been identified through 14C tracing studies, it is still unclear when this remobilization occurs during the two phases of berry sugar accumulation (rapid and slow). Similarly, although postveraison N reserve mobilization toward the fruit has been reported, the impact of water constraints during berry N accumulation on its translocation from the different grapevine organs requires clarification. Potted grapevines were grown with or without fruit from the onset of veraison. Vines were irrigated to sustain water constraints, and fortnightly root, trunk, shoot, and leaf structural biomass, starch, soluble sugar, total N, and amino N concentrations were determined. The fruit sugar and N accumulation was also assessed. Root starch depletion coincided with root sucrose and hexose accumulation during peak berry sugar accumulation. Defruiting at veraison resulted in continuous root growth, earlier starch storage, and root hexose accumulation. Leaf N depletion coincided with fruit N accumulation, while the roots of defruited vines accumulated N reserves. Root growth, starch, and N reserve accumulation were affected by maturing fruit during water constraints. Root starch is an alternative source to support fruit sugar accumulation, resulting in reserve starch depletion during rapid fruit sugar accumulation, while root starch refills during slow berry sugar accumulation. On the other hand, leaf N is a source toward postveraison fruit N accumulation, and the fruit N accumulation prevents root N storage.
Effect of IGHV Gene Mutation Status and BCR Structure Stereotypy on Effectiveness of BR Regimen in First-Line Therapy of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Strugov Vladimir Vladimirovich , Stadnik E.A. , Rumyantsev A.M. , Andreeva T.O. , Virts Yu.V , Mirolyubova Yu.V , Butylin P.A. , Zaritskey A.Yu.
Published: April 2017

Background & Aims. The IGHV gene mutation status is a constant biological feature of tumor cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This parameter is an important predictor of the efficacy of immunochemotherapy. It was included into the CLL international prognostic index CLL-IPI developed recently. The aim is to evaluate the prognostic significance of the BR regimen in patients with different variants of the B-cell receptor (BCR) structure. Methods. The study examined immediate and delayed treatment outcomes for 183 CLL patients included in a Russian, prospective, observational BEN-001 trial (NCT02110394). The median age was 61 years (range: 35-79); 53/179 (29.6 %) patients were older than 65; and 14/179 (7.8 %) patients were older than 75. Prevalence of males (110/179, 61.5 %) in the male/female ratio (1.6:1.0) was observed. Most patients had advanced disease: Binet B 116/173 (67 %) or Binet C 38/173 (22 %). The patients received the first-line therapy according to the BR regimen at standard doses in 36 hematological institutions in the Russian Federation over the period from 2012 until 2015. The genome DNA isolated from mononuclear leukocytes in the peripheral blood was used to assess the mutation status of the IGHV-genes. Results. The study demonstrated that unmutated CLL (> 98 % of homology to germline gene) is associated with worsening of the event-free and overall survival rates most of all; at that, the complete remission rate and the MRD-free survival rate were the same. Conclusion. It is reasonable to analyze the IGHV mutation status in all patients prescribed with the BR regimen as the first-line therapy.