bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole-body photobiomodulation therapy for chronic pain: a protocol for a feasibility trial
Authors: Fitzmaurice Bethany , Heneghan Nicola R , Rayen Asius , Soundy Andrew
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Chronic pain conditions are a leading cause of disease and disability. They are associated with symptoms such as fatigue, sleep and mood disturbances. Minimal evidence is available to support effective treatments and alternatives treatment approaches are called for. Photobiomodulation therapy has been highlighted as one promising option. A whole-body therapy device (NovoTHOR) has recently been developed with a number of potential advantages for people with chronic pain. Research is needed to consider the feasibility of this device.

Methods and analysis

A single-centre single-armed (no placebo group) feasibility study with an embedded qualitative component will be conducted. The intervention will comprise 18 treatments over 6 weeks, with 6-month follow-up, in the whole-body photobiomodulation device. A non-probability sample of 20 adult participants with a clinician diagnosis of chronic axial pain, polyarthralgia, myofascial pain or widespread pain will be recruited (self-referral and clinician referral). Outcome measures will focus on acceptability of trial processes with a view to guiding a definitive randomised controlled trial. Analyses will use descriptive statistics for quantitative aspects. The qualitative element will be assessed by means of a participant-reported experience questionnaire postintervention and semistructured audio-recorded interviews at three stages; preintervention, midintervention and postintervention. The latter will be transcribed verbatim and a reflexive thematic analysis will be used to identify emerging themes. Exploratory outcomes (participant-reported and performance-based measures) will be analysed according to data distribution.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has received ethical approval from the Leicester Central Research and Ethics Committee. Findings will be disseminated via local chronic pain groups, public register update, submission for presentation at scientific meetings and open-access peer-reviewed journals, and via academic social networks.

Trial registration number

NCT05069363.
How do electronic risk assessment tools affect the communication and understanding of diagnostic uncertainty in the primary care consultation? A systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Burns Alex , Donnelly Brian , Feyi-Waboso Joshua , Shephard Elizabeth , Calitri Raff , Tarrant Mark , Dean Sarah Gerard
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To conduct a systematic review and synthesise qualitative research of electronic risk assessment tools (eRATs) in primary care, examining how they affect the communication and understanding of diagnostic risk and uncertainty. eRATs are computer-based algorithms designed to help clinicians avoid missing important diagnoses, pick up possible symptoms early and facilitate shared decision-making.

Design

Systematic search, using predefined criteria of the published literature and synthesis of the qualitative data, using Thematic Synthesis. Database searches on 27 November 2019 were of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science, and a secondary search of the references of included articles. Included studies were those involving electronic risk assessment or decision support, pertaining to diagnosis in primary care, where qualitative data were presented. Non-empirical studies and non-English language studies were excluded. 5971 unique studies were identified of which 441 underwent full-text review. 26 studies were included for data extraction. A further two were found from citation searches. Quality appraisal was via the CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Program) tool. Data extraction was via line by line coding. A thematic synthesis was performed.

Setting

Primary care.

Results

eRATs included differential diagnosis suggestion tools, tools which produce a future risk of disease development or recurrence or calculate a risk of current undiagnosed disease. Analytical themes were developed to describe separate aspects of the clinical consultation where risk and uncertainty are both central and altered via the use of an eRAT: ‘Novel risk’, ‘Risk refinement’, ‘Autonomy’, ‘Communication’, ‘Fear’ and ‘Mistrust’.

Conclusion

eRATs may improve the understanding and communication of risk in the primary care consultation. The themes of ‘Fear’ and ‘Mistrust’ could represent potential challenges with eRATs.

Trial registration number

CRD219446.
Cohort profile: the Western Cape Pregnancy Exposure Registry (WCPER)
Authors: Kalk Emma , Heekes Alexa , Slogrove Amy L , Phelanyane Florence , Davies Mary-Ann , Myer Landon , Euvrard Jonathan , Kroon Max , Petro Greg , Fieggen Karen , Stewart Chantal , Rhoda Natasha , Gebhardt Stefan , Osman Ayesha , Anderson Kim , Boulle Andrew , Mehta Ushma
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The Western Cape Pregnancy Exposure Registry (PER) was established at two public sector healthcare sentinel sites in the Western Cape province, South Africa, to provide ongoing surveillance of drug exposures in pregnancy and associations with pregnancy outcomes.

Participants

Established in 2016, all women attending their first antenatal visit at primary care obstetric facilities were enrolled and followed to pregnancy outcome regardless of the site (ie, primary, secondary, tertiary facility). Routine operational obstetric and medical data are digitised from the clinical stationery at the healthcare facilities. Data collection has been integrated into existing services and information platforms and supports routine operations. The PER is situated within the Provincial Health Data Centre, an information exchange that harmonises and consolidates all health-related electronic data in the province. Data are contributed via linkage across a unique identifier. This relationship limits the missing data in the PER, allows validation and avoids misclassification in the population-level data set.

Findings to date

Approximately 5000 and 3500 pregnant women enter the data set annually at the urban and rural sites, respectively. As of August 2021, >30 000 pregnancies have been recorded and outcomes have been determined for 93%. Analysis of key obstetric and neonatal health indicators derived from the PER are consistent with the aggregate data in the District Health Information System.

Future plans

This represents significant infrastructure, able to address clinical and epidemiological concerns in a low/middle-income setting.
Information needs and mHealth applications for carers of people with dementia in managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of care recipients: an integrative review protocol
Authors: Jagoda Thilanka , Rathnayake Sarath , Dharmaratne Samath
Published: June 2022

Introduction

This integrative review aims to synthesise, appraise and analyse the evidence on informal carers’ information needs, features and functions of available mHealth applications, and informal carers’ usability and engagement with mHealth applications for managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).

Methods and analysis

This integrative review will include quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies and follow the ‘Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020’ guidelines. Peer-reviewed articles published in English from 2000 to 2021 will be included from Cochrane Library, CINHAL, Embase, MEDLINE, ProQuest and PsycINFO. Five broader concept categories will be included: ‘dementia’, ‘behavioural and psychological symptoms’, ‘informal carers’, ‘(information need’ OR ‘mHealth application)’. In title and abstract review, first, the researchers will independently screen 10% of sources for consensus, and one reviewer will screen the rest. In full-text review, two reviewers will conduct the screening process and assess the relevancy of the full-text articles using a two-point scale (high-low) and the methodological quality of included articles using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Narrative synthesis will be employed to synthesise themes. The findings may identify the need for planning interventions for carers of people with dementia concerning the management of BPSD.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval not required. This review will be published in a peer-review journal and be presented at national and international conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021238540.
Young adults’ cigarillo risk perceptions, attention to warning labels and perceptions of proposed pictorial warnings: a focus group study
Authors: Gratale Stefanie K , Jeong Michelle , Sidhu Anupreet , Safi Zeinab , Strasser Andrew A , Delnevo Cristine D , Wackowski Olivia A
Published: June 2022

Objective

Although cigars pose similar health risks to cigarettes, they are not uniformly required to carry a warning label on their packaging in the USA. The US Food and Drug Administration’s 2016 deeming rule established a cigar warning requirement, but it was challenged in federal court for failing to document warning effects on prevention/cessation, thus necessitating an evidentiary base for such requirements. We sought to explore young adult users’ understanding of cigarillo risks and addictiveness, as well as their perceptions of current (voluntary) and proposed cigar warning labels.

Design

In December 2020–January 2021, we conducted eight focus groups with young adult cigarillo smokers. We asked participants their first associations of cigarillos and beliefs about product harms/addictiveness, and then discussed existing warning labels and examples of potential pictorial warnings.

Setting

Focus groups were conducted remotely via the Adobe Connect platform, with participants from 20 US states.

Participants

Participants included 42 young adults (ages 18–29; 50% male), who were recent cigarillo users (ie, past 30 days) or less frequent users (ie, past 12 months).

Results

Participants frequently used cigarillos as blunts and often conveyed uncertainty about cigarillo risks and addictiveness, in general and relative to cigarettes. Participants typically paid little attention to current text warnings, but many expressed that pictorial warnings would more effectively promote knowledge of product risks and discourage use among prospective users.

Conclusions

US young adult cigarillo users may lack knowledge about product risks and addictiveness. Standardised warning requirements, particularly pictorial labels, may help address this knowledge gap and deter use.
Comparison of demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics between first and second COVID-19 waves in a secondary care hospital in Qatar: a retrospective study
Authors: Naushad Vamanjore A , Purayil Nishan K , Chandra Prem , Saeed Abazar Ahmad M , Radhakrishnan Pradeep , Varikkodan Irfan , Mathew Joe V , Sirajudeen Jaseem , Hammamy Riyadh A , Badi Ahmad M , Suliman Aasir M , Badawi Mohamed N , Arya Saket , AlMotawa Maryam , Al-Baker Aisha , Alatom Rania , Kartha Anand
Published: June 2022

Objective

To compare the patient profile and outcomes in Qatar during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Setting

A retrospective observational study was conducted comparing the demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with COVID-19 infection admitted to a secondary care hospital, during the first and second waves of the pandemic.

Participants

1039 patients from the first wave and 991 from the second wave who had pneumonia on chest X-ray and had a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by a real-time PCR test of a nasopharyngeal swab were included. Patients with a normal chest X-ray and those who had a negative PCR test despite a positive COVID-19 antigen test were excluded.

Outcome

Length of stay, need for mechanical ventilation, final disposition and mortality were the key outcomes studied

Results

Influenza like symptoms (18.5% in the first wave vs 36.1% in the second wave, p 0.001), cough (79.2% vs 87%, p<0.001) and dyspnoea (27.5% vs 38% p<0.001) were more common in the second wave. Second wave patients had significantly higher respiratory rate, lower peripheral oxygen saturation, needed more supplemental oxygen and had higher incidence of pulmonary embolism. More patients received hydroxychloroquine and antibiotics during the first wave and more received steroids, antivirals and interleukin-1 antagonist during the second wave. The second wave had a shorter length of stay (14.58±7.75 vs 12.61±6.16, p<0.001) and more patients were discharged home (22% vs 10%, p<0.001).

Conclusions

Patients who presented during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic appeared to be more ill clinically and based on their laboratory parameters. They required shorter hospitalisation and were more likely to be discharged home. This could represent greater expertise in handling such patients that was acquired during the first wave as well as use of more appropriate and combination therapies during the second wave.
Global burden of musculoskeletal disorders and attributable factors in 204 countries and territories: a secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study
Authors: Liu Shiwen , Wang Binyan , Fan Shuzhen , Wang Yaxuan , Zhan Yuxuan , Ye Ding
Published: June 2022

Objective

To evaluate the global burden of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders, as well as the five common conditions, and their relevant risk factors from 1990 to 2019.

Design

Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 were used in this study.

Setting and participants

Individuals of all ages and genders from 204 countries and territories in 21 regions.

Main outcome measures

The outcomes were the numbers and age-standardised rates (ASRs) of incident cases, deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of MSK disorders. The average annual percent changes (AAPCs) in the ASRs were calculated using joinpoint regression analysis to estimate the trends.

Results

There were 322.75 million incident cases, 117.54 thousand deaths and 150.08 million DALYs of MSK disorders in 2019. The age-standardised incidence rate and age-standardised DALY rate in 2019 (incidence: AAPC=−0.32, 95% CI −0.34 to −0.31; DALYs: AAPC=−0.05, 95% CI −0.06 to −0.04) were lower than those in 1990. However, the age-standardised death rate showed a stable trend (AAPC 0.05, 95% CI −0.05 to 0.15) from 1990 to 2019. The peak age of onset and DALYs of MSK disorders was 50–54 years in 2019. The burden of MSK disorders in females was much higher than that in males (1.29 times more incident cases, 2.24 times more deaths and 1.45 times more DALYs in females than in males). A significant negative correlation was observed between the AAPCs in the ASRs and the Sociodemographic Index (SDI) score. Occupational risk exhibited the highest contribution to MSK disorders, and tobacco use and high body mass index were also major risk factors.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the burden of MSK disorders tends to be lower in high-SDI regions than in lower-SDI regions. Strengthening the effectiveness of preventive measures against occupational risks may reduce the burden of MSK disorders.
Utilization potentials of a nano bio-carbonate filler to mitigate alkali-aggregate reactivity of glass powder–foamed concrete
Authors: Krishna Kumar P. , Chinnaraju K.
Published: June 2022

The present work aims to create an insight into the emergence of bio-based nanomaterials as a sustainable additive in cement-based structures. This paper addresses the alkali–aggregate reaction in foamed concrete (FC) containing nano cuttlebone powder as a bio-filler and glass powder as a cement replacement. Experimental results show that the expansion of FC depends on the foam volume, and the expansion values increase with increasing glass content. Relationship studies between the mechanical strength and the expansion values were done to indicate the impact of expansion on strength decrement. At normal conditions, nano bio-carbonate fillers functioned as inert fillers and mitigated the concrete expansion in the presence of alkali. Furthermore, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis done on the FC mixes showed the effect of the decreasing CaO/SiO2 and Na2O/SiO2 ratios on increasing the mechanical strength, which indicated that nano bio-carbonate fillers can effectively reduce alkali–silica reaction in glass powder–FC.
HOW TO STRENGTHEN A CULTURE OF INNOVATION BY COMBINING VALUES-BASED AND EVIDENCE-BASED INNOVATION MANAGEMENT
Authors: SEILER MATTHIAS , COTT ANDREAS B. , TORRES VICTOR , REIF JULIA A. M. , KUGLER KATHARINA G. , GAMMEL JOSEF H. , BRODBECK FELIX C.
Published: June 2022

Values-based management and evidence-based innovation management both improve a company’s innovation performance. However, there are no systematic studies of how combining values-based and evidence-based innovation management influences the innovation culture in mid-sized B2B companies. In this exploratory case study, we describe how a longitudinal analysis of innovation culture and a values-based initiative were combined in a 7-step approach, which was applied in a global mid-sized B2B manufacturer of drug-delivery systems and pharmaceutical components over a three-year period. The results of the longitudinal innovation culture survey and the analysis of front-end innovation key performance indicators provided insight into the positive impact of new normative company values on the organisation’s innovation culture as well as on the effectiveness of the idea generation process. The exploratory case study demonstrates how a customised combination of values-based and evidence-based innovation management elements can systematically strengthen an organisation’s innovation culture and the effectiveness of its idea generation process.
Study on Further Improvement of Anti-tsunami Ability of a New Type Bridge Pier
Authors: Yang Wanli , Hou Hailin , Zhu Quanlong , Liu Junling , Li Fuhai , Zhou Lingyuan
Published: June 2022

Compared with circular, square and diamond piers, the N60 pier proposed in our previous study has been numerically proven to be effective in reducing tsunami force. The relatively stronger vortices behind the N60 pier are responsible for the not-small-enough tsunami force on the N60 pier. The asymmetry in shape makes the N60 pier fail to reduce flood force because flood propagates in the opposite direction of tsunami bore. A series of new type piers named [Formula: see text] are proposed to further improve the anti-tsunami ability of the N60 by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method among which the N60-60 pier is proven to be most effective in reducing tsunami force, and its tsunami force mitigation mechanism is analyzed numerically. Further, the physical experiments were conducted to validate the N60 pier and the new type pier N60-60. Results show that compared with circular, square and diamond piers, the N60 pier is indeed capable of reducing tsunami force, and compared with the N60 pier, the new type N60-60 pier is capable of further reducing tsunami force. The order of magnitudes of tsunami forces on piers is: N60-60 [Formula: see text] N60 [Formula: see text] circular [Formula: see text] diamond [Formula: see text] square.
SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF QUANTITATIVE EASING ON EXPORTS IN EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES
Authors: KEEFE HELENA GLEBOCKI , SAHA SUJATA
Published: June 2022

The impact of unconventional monetary policies adopted by advanced economies in the wake of the Global Financial Crisis has had far reaching implications for global economic conditions. Although several transmission channels of quantitative easing to financial market and exchange rate conditions have been identified, there is a lack of empirical investigation on the spillover effects to exports for emerging market economies. The research presented in this paper focuses on assessing the asymmetric transmission of unconventional monetary policy in the US on exports for fifteen emerging market economies. Employing the panel ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) model, we find that the increase in large-scale asset purchases in the US corresponds to a decline in exports in the emerging market economies. The effect on exports is more sizable in the Fragile Five than in the other 10 emerging markets. Finally, although monetary policy shocks from the US transmit to impact trade in emerging markets, the effect is asymmetric. Specifically, the tapering of the quantitative easing does not have a statistically significant effect on exports.
Situating ethics
Authors: Ahmed Syed Ishtiaque
Published: June 2022

This is a forum for perspectives on designing for marginalized communities worldwide. Articles will discuss design methods, theoretical/conceptual contributions, and participatory interventions with underserved communities.
--- Nithya Sambasivan, Editor
A Category Theoretic View of Contextual Types: From Simple Types to Dependent Types
Authors: Hu Jason Z. S. , Pientka Brigitte , Schöpp Ulrich
Published: June 2022

We describe the categorical semantics for a simply typed variant and a simplified dependently typed variant of
Cocon
, a contextual modal type theory where the box modality mediates between the weak function space that is used to represent higher-order abstract syntax (HOAS) trees and the strong function space that describes (recursive) computations about them. What makes
Cocon
different from standard type theories is the presence of first-class contexts and contextual objects to describe syntax trees that are closed with respect to a given context of assumptions. Following M. Hofmann’s work, we use a presheaf model to characterise HOAS trees. Surprisingly, this model already provides the necessary structure to also model
Cocon
. In particular, we can capture the contextual objects of
Cocon
using a comonad ♭ that restricts presheaves to their closed elements. This gives a simple semantic characterisation of the invariants of contextual types (e.g. substitution invariance) and identifies
Cocon
as a type-theoretic syntax of presheaf models. We further extend this characterisation to dependent types using categories with families and show that we can model a fragment of
Cocon
without recursor in the Fitch-style dependent modal type theory presented by Birkedal et al.
Trustworthy Autonomous System Development
Authors: Sifakis Joseph , Harel David
Published: June 2022

Autonomous systems emerge from the need to progressively replace human operators by autonomous agents in a wide variety of application areas. We offer an analysis of the state of the art in developing autonomous systems, focusing on design and validation and showing that the multi-faceted challenges involved go well beyond the limits of weak AI. We argue that traditional model-based techniques are defeated by the complexity of the problem, while solutions based on end-to-end machine learning fail to provide the necessary trustworthiness. We advocate a hybrid design approach, which combines the two, adopting the best of each, and seeks tradeoffs between trustworthiness and performance. We claim that traditional risk analysis and mitigation techniques fail to scale and discuss the trend of moving away from correctness at design time and toward reliance on runtime assurance techniques. We argue that simulation and testing remain the only realistic approach for global validation and show how current methods can be adapted to autonomous systems. We conclude by discussing the factors that will play a decisive role in the acceptance of autonomous systems and by highlighting the urgent need for new theoretical foundations.
The Economics of Wildlife Trade and Consumption
Authors: Prasad Rohan , Rausser Gordon , Zilberman David
Published: June 2022

The global wildlife trade dates to antiquity. Recently, its harms to endangered species, animal welfare, and public health have become critical to address. The complexities of the wildlife trade are numerous, including the fact that much of the economic activity is illegal and unobserved. We find that wildlife products are used for sustenance, signaling status, medicine, and entertainment. There is vast heterogeneity in products and species traded. Supply chains extend from biodiverse, low-income regions to richer countries or urban centers. Empirically, we use data findings from the literature to rank countries in terms of intensity of the wildlife trade and identify factors that contribute to wildlife trade. We also identify supply-side and demand-side interventions that can control abuse in wildlife trade. Innovative techniques for observation, econometric analysis, and enforcement are sorely needed to support effective policies to preserve the world's wildlife.
Prior aerobic exercise mitigates the decrease in serum osteoglycin and lipocalin-2 following high-glucose mixed-nutrient meal ingestion in young men
Authors: Parker Lewan , Ang Teddy , Morrison Dale J. , Lee Nicola J. , Levinger Itamar , Keske Michelle A.
Published: June 2022

We provide novel evidence that OGN and LCN2 decrease 120 min after ingesting a high-glucose mixed-nutrient meal in healthy adults. Acute aerobic exercise increases circulating LCN2 for up to 3-h postexercise, whereas circulating OGN remains similar to baseline. Despite differing postexercise responses, postprandial LCN2 and OGN are elevated when the high-glucose meal is ingested 3-h and 24-h postexercise. Findings support that OGN and LCN2 are dynamically linked to energy homeostasis in humans.
Artificial neural network performance based on correlation analysis qualitatively comparable with human performance in behavioral signal detection experiments
Authors: Diederich Nick , Ziegler Martin , Kaernbach Christian
Published: June 2022

We elucidate the interplay of the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampal dentate gyrus during pattern separation tasks by providing a new simulation model. Functional memory formation and processing of similar memory content is illuminated from within the system. For the first time orthogonalized spiking patterns are evaluated with signal detection theory methods, and the results are applied to clinically established and novel tests.
Application of a Frequency Converter in Electric Automatic Control of Central Heating
Authors: Yin Jingwen , Zhang Guifeng
Published: June 2022

In order to improve the efficiency of a central heating system’s control system, this paper puts forward the application scheme of a frequency converter in central heating electrical automation control. In the central heating electrical automation control system, the frequency converter plays an important role. It can regulate and control the relevant equipment, realize the electrical automation of the heating system under the action of the frequency converter AC motor, and effectively adjust the performance and speed, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving. The experimental results show that the temperature control strategy using a frequency converter automatic compensation method reduces the energy waste caused by manual regulation to a certain extent. When the speed of a water pump motor decreases to 4/5 of the original, the power consumption will decrease to about 52% of the original and save about 48% of the power; When the speed drops by 3/5, the power consumption is about 22% of the original, saving about 78% of the power. Conclusion. This technology can fully realize the demand of electrical automatic control of the heating system, greatly improve the stability and safety of the heating system, have good energy-saving effect, and greatly save energy consumption. The frequency converter has a remarkable effect in ensuring heating quality and improving heating efficiency in the heating industry.
Improvement Effect of PERMA Model-Based Nursing Intervention plus Music Therapy on Patients with Acute Liver Failure Undergoing Plasma Exchange Therapy
Authors: Wang Jinhua , Li Wei
Published: June 2022

Objective. To explore the improvement effect of PERMA model-based nursing intervention plus music therapy (MT) on patients with acute liver failure (AHF) undergoing plasma exchange therapy (PET). Methods. This research included 100 AHF patients treated with PET in our hospital, between January 2020 and December 2021, including 54 cases receiving PERMA model-based nursing intervention plus MT (observation group, OG) and 46 cases receiving routine nursing (control group, CG). Clinical efficacy and liver function (LF) were compared between the groups. Prenursing and postnursing psychology, treatment compliance, sleep, pain, and quality of life were assessed, and patient satisfaction was investigated at discharge. Results. The postnursing overall efficacy showed no evident difference between the groups (

P
>
0.05

). The clinical efficacy was mainly markedly significant (50.00%) in OG and effective (43.48%) in CG. The overall response rate was not statistically different between groups (χ2 = 1.392,

P
>
0.05

). OG presented better LF, treatment compliance, and sleep quality after nursing, with milder negative emotions and pain than CG (

P
<
0.05

). A higher patient satisfaction rate was also determined in OG at discharge (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusions. PERMA model-based nursing intervention plus MT can effectively improve the psychological state, treatment compliance, and quality of life of AHF patients with PET and reduce pain sensation, which has promising clinical application value in the future.
Thermal Radiation Effect on Unsteady Magneto-Convective Heat-Mass Transport Passing in a Vertical Permeable Sheet with Chemical Reaction
Authors: Hasanuzzaman Md. , Ahamed Tanvir , Miyara Akio
Published: June 2022

The unsteady magneto-convective heat-mass transport passing in a vertical porous sheet with the thermal radiation and the chemical reaction effects has been examined numerically. The governing PDEs have been transferred into ODEs by applying the local similarity transformation. The nondimensional governing equations including the boundary conditions are solved by applying the superposition method with the help of the “MATLAB ODE45” software numerically. The influence of emerging nondimensional numbers/parameters, for example, the Prandtl number (

Pr

), thermal radiation parameter (

R

), Schmidt number (

Sc

), and chemical reaction parameter

K

r

, on fluid velocity, concentration, and thermal radiation within the boundary layer has been examined. The outcomes indicate that enhancing values of the Soret and Dufour numbers reduce the thermal boundary layer thickness. Uplifting values of the thermal radiation (0.5-3.5) enhance the local skin friction coefficient and mass transfer rate by approximately 15% and 78% but decrease the heat transfer rate by 47%. The local skin friction coefficient enhances about 21%, and the mass transfer rate reduces about 64% due to an increase in the chemical reaction parameter (0.5-2.0). Finally, we compared our numerical results with previously published literature and observed them to have a good agreement.
HDAC4 Inhibitors as Antivascular Senescence Therapeutics
Authors: Huang Chuoji , Lin Zhongxiao , Liu Xiaoyan , Ding Qian , Cai Jianghong , Zhang Zhongyi , Rose Peter , Zhu Yi Zhun
Published: June 2022

Aging is an inevitable consequence of life, and during this process, the epigenetic landscape changes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation increases. Inevitably, these changes are common in many age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. In the current research, histone deacetylation 4 (HDAC4) was studied as a potential therapeutic target in vascular senescence. HDAC4 is a specific class II histone deacetylation protein that participates in epigenetic modifications and deacetylation of heat shock proteins and various transcription factors. There is increasing evidence to support that HDAC4 is a potential therapeutic target, and developments in the synthesis and testing of HDAC4 inhibitors are now gaining interest from academia and the pharmaceutical industry.
Nonlinear Cosine Neighborhood Time Series-Based Deep Learning for the Prediction and Analysis of COVID-19 in India
Authors: Munnangi Ashok Kumar , Sekaran Ramesh , Rajeyyagari Sivaram , Ramachandran Manikandan , Kannan Suthendran , Bharati Subrato
Published: June 2022

The widening of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) across the globe has put both the government and humanity at risk. The funds of part of the biggest recessions are stressed out due to the severe infectivity rates and highly communicable nature of this disease. Due to the expanding consequence of cases being registered and their successive significance on the civic body administration and health professionals, certain prediction methods are intended to be necessitated to predict the number of cases in the future. In this paper, nonlinear cosine-based time series learning (NCTL) is introduced for the prediction and analysis of COVID-19 in India. First, the nonlinear least squares regressive feature selection (NLS-RFS) model is used for choosing the relevant features by considering both the active cases with less prediction error. Next, the cosine-based neighborhood filter algorithm is applied to attain the optimum filtered features to select relevant features with minimum prediction time. Finally, cosine neighborhood-based LSTM is used for the prediction of the number of COVID-19 cases being registered in India to the fore and consequence of precautionary measures like social distancing, lockdown, and declaring containment zones on the outspread of COVID-19. The existing deep learning methods’ prediction accuracy was not enhanced with lesser time. In order to overcome the issue, the nonlinear cosine-based time series learning (NCTL) method has been introduced. The aim of the proposed NCTL method is to predict the number of COVID-19 cases with less prediction time and prediction error. This helps to enhance the prediction accuracy for considering the time series with accurate prediction results. The experiment of the NCTL method is conducted using metrics such as accuracy, prediction error, prediction accuracy, and prediction time with respect to diverse samples. The simulation result illustrates that the NCTL method increases the prediction accuracy by 8%, reduces the prediction time by 18%, and minimizes the prediction error by 31% compared to state-of-the-art works in a computationally efficient manner.
An Investigation into the Social Benefits of China’s Standardization of Electric Vehicles in Response to the Demand for High Energy and Low Emissions
Authors: Wu Linfeng , Liu Peng , Cong Dan
Published: June 2022

This study investigates the use of standardized methods to promote the endurance of electric vehicles in the context of China’s high-quality development, to reduce environmental pollution, thereby enhancing the standardization and social benefits of electric vehicles in China. It analyzes the current development status and existing problems of electric vehicles in China from three aspects: incentive policy, sales situation, and its own problems. From the perspective of standardization, the key factors restricting its development and popularization are analyzed. The pattern of exploration leading the development of electric vehicles through standardization is proposed, the specific development path and implementation plan are given, and the mechanism of its effect on the promotion of standardization and social benefits is analyzed. The content of this article provides a certain basis and ideas for the development of future research work. It also has a certain reference values for other areas to solve the bottleneck problem of electric vehicle development through standardized methods.
IZO Thin Film Transistor-Oriented Trap State UV Analysis Using Random Matrix
Authors: Qiang Lei
Published: June 2022

With the popularization of electronic equipment, indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin film transistor (TFT) research has become a hot spot. Due to the excellent characteristics of solution method, solution-processed IZO TFTs have seen wide applications in various fields. However, the study on the trapping state distribution of solution-processed IZO TFTs is not thorough enough, and the current research methods have limitations. Therefore, the ultraviolet (UV) analysis method is introduced for analyzing the trap state distributions. Then, the UV analysis method is optimized using the random matrix. The interface and bulk trap states are extracted, and the feature of trap states is analyzed. Experimental results show that under the proposed method, the bulk trap concentration of IZO TFTs is 1018∼1019 cm−3 eV−1, and the interface state density is 1012∼1013 cm−2V−1. They all change with wavelength. The proposed method is effective, feasible, and easy to implement. The research will make an important contribution to the preparation of high-performance IZO TFTs.
Stability and Boundedness of Solutions to Some Multidimensional Time-Varying Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Pinsky Mark A.
Published: June 2022

Assessment of the degree of boundedness/stability of multidimensional nonlinear systems with time-dependent and nonperiodic coefficients is an important problem in various applied areas which has no adequate resolution yet. Most of the known techniques provide computationally intensive and conservative stability criteria in this field and frequently fail to estimate the regions of boundedness/stability of solutions to the corresponding systems. Recently, we outlined a new approach to this problem which is based on the analysis of solutions to a scalar auxiliary equation bounded from the above time histories of the norms of solutions to the original system. This paper develops a novel technique casting the auxiliary equation in a modified form which extends the application domain and reduces the computational burden of our prior approach. Consequently, we developed more general boundedness/stability criteria and estimated trapping/stability regions for some multidimensional nonlinear systems with nonperiodic time-dependent coefficients that are common in various application domains. This lets us to assess in target simulations the extent of boundedness/stability of some multidimensional, nonlinear, and time-varying systems which were intractable with our prior technique.
Research on Land Use Planning Based on Multisource Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Jia Wei , Pei Tingting , Lei Kai
Published: June 2022

Land use changes are analyzed correctly, a series of improvements according to the changes are carried out appropriately, the relationship between land use development and economic and human survival is handled correctly, and the healthy and orderly development of the entire society is promoted. Aiming at the combination of multisource remote sensing data and monitoring changes in land planning, this study uses CBERS data and ASAR data as multisource remote sensing data sources to conduct in-depth research and discussion on the land use change in this area and uses the HPF pixel-level fusion method for data fusion to generate HPF. The data are integrated, and then, the CBERS data and HPF fusion data are used to extract the land use type information of Zhenning County, respectively, and a confusion matrix is built based on the field sample points to verify the accuracy, compare and analyze the relative error of the land use type information extraction before and after data fusion, and evaluate the CBERS data. Regarding the extraction effect of land use type information of fusion data with HPF, the results show that the two kinds of remote sensing data have good effects in extracting water body type information, and the accuracy has reached 100%. Using multisource remote sensing image processing can well summarize and analyze land use changes and make the changes in various indicators in the study area. Accurate statistics is obtained.
Clinical and Laboratory Biomarkers in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: A Single Center Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Sun Weiping , Li Haiwei , Wang Zefeng , Wu Yongquan , Du Jia
Published: June 2022

The clinical risk profile of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAF) patients is inconclusive. We aimed to identify clinical and laboratory biomarkers in patients with pAF and the differences in biomarkers among genders. A cross‐sectional study was conducted with a total of 181 participants in a single center in Beijing Anzhen Hospital. The participants were grouped according to the presence of pAF and sex differences, and clinical and laboratory results were collected and compared. The 181 participants had a mean age of 52.9 ± 15.1 years (pAF group, 60.4 ± 9.9 years, SR group, 48.3 ± 15.9 years, P < 0.05). Patients with pAF had significantly higher rates of age, left atrial (LA) diameter, haemoglobin (Hb) levels, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1), soluble tumour suppressor‐2 (sST2), B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and indirect bilirubin (Ibil), mean haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and hypertension (HTN) and smoking (P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that age (OR = 1.075, 95% CI: 1.035–1.118, P < 0.0001), smoking (OR = 4.538, 95% CI: 1.559–13.205, P = 0.006), and MCHC (OR = 1.062, 95% CI: 1.019–1.106, P = 0.004) were independent predictive factors for pAF. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that age (OR = 1.107, 95% CI: 1.016–1.206, P = 0.02) and Ibil level (OR = 2.303, 95% CI: 1.158–4.582, P = 0.017) were independent predictive factors of the occurrence of pAF in females; BNP (OR = 1.015, 95% CI: 1.002–1.029, P = 0.029) was an independent predictive variable of pAF in males. Age, smoking, and MCHC were independent predictive factors of pAF. BNP was an independent predictive biomarker of pAF in males, while in females, age and Ibil were independent predictive factors.
Application of Knowledge Map Information Technology in Regional Tourism Innovation and Development
Authors: Yan Limin
Published: June 2022

There is a huge gap between China’s tourism development model and the rapidly growing demand for social tourism services, the supply capacity of tourism resources and the demand for tourism development, the development of tourism industry and the requirements of regional socioeconomic development and structural adjustment, tourism development system and mechanism, and the existing tourism development and management model. Using the method of knowledge-based atlas analysis, this paper combs and analyzes the relevant literature on the high-quality development of tourism in China. From 2016 to 2017, the research on tourism economic benefits was relatively stable without large fluctuations, and the average number of documents issued reached 48%. From 2018 to 2019, the research heat remained stable, and the research results increased to a certain extent. At this time, the number of external documents reached the same level, with an average of 52%. After 2020, the upsurge of research on tourism economic benefits has emerged, and the number of documents issued has increased year by year, with an average of 62%. Compared with the curve in the figure, the growth and peak of the number of documents issued have a certain lag. The early research on the economic benefits of tourism at home and abroad mainly focuses on the economic benefits of regions and enterprises. With the coordinated development of tourism, society, ecology, and other related systems, it has become an inevitable requirement. Tourism economic benefit is an important concept to measure the comparative relationship between tourism economic input and output. It is also an important index to reflect the effect and level of tourism economic activities. The early research on the economic benefits of tourism at home and abroad mainly focuses on the economic benefits of regions and enterprises. With the coordinated development of tourism, society, ecology, and other related systems, it has become an inevitable requirement.
In Silico Study of Alkaloids: Neferine and Berbamine Potentially Inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase
Authors: Marahatha Rishab , Shrestha Asmita , Sharma Kabita , Regmi Bishnu P. , Sharma Khaga Raj , Poudel Pramod , Basnyat Ram Chandra , Parajuli Niranjan
Published: June 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, has been a global concern. While there have been some vaccines and drugs, the rapid emergence of variants due to mutations has threatened public health. As the de novo drug development process is expensive and time-consuming, repurposing existing antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 is an alternative and promising approach to mitigate the current situation. Several studies have indicated that some natural products exhibit inhibitory activities against SARS-CoV-2. This study is aimed at analyzing the potential of natural alkaloids, using various computational tools, as drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2. The molecular docking analysis predicted that naturally occurring alkaloids can bind with RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRP). The QSAR analysis was conducted by using the way2drug/PASS online web resource, and the pharmacokinetics and toxicity properties of these alkaloids were predicted using pkCSM, SwissADME, and ProTox-II webserver. Among the different alkaloids studied, neferine and berbamine were repurposed as potential drug candidates based on their binding affinity and interactions with RdRP. Further, molecular dynamics simulation of 90 ns revealed the conformational stability of the neferine-RdRP complex.
Data Management and Marketing Methods of Interactive Video Websites in the Era of Big Data
Authors: Feng Zhao , Xiao Kai
Published: June 2022

With the continuous development of the Internet, the explosive growth of network information, and the continuous increase of the bandwidth available to individual users, network video content has gradually become the most abundant and largest information group on the Internet. In the process of Internet video management, it can be transformed into the relationship between the three entities. Video resource management system of the business, meanwhile, with the increasingly rich, two more associated business interfaces, the interface between the relationships becomes more complex, resulting in the coupling between the business modules. The traditional module interface interaction pattern is difficult to adapt to changing business needs. The system can meet the needs of users with better data exchange, so it can improve the scalability of the system to a certain extent. In addition, third-party regulatory authorities will require video service providers to check the copyright of videos uploaded by users and delete videos. In view of the problems described above, this paper focuses on how to use the internal information of video in the video community environment to effectively solve the problems mentioned above.