bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commissioning of Clinac IX Trilogy Linear Accelerator for Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Authors: Bhardwaj Bhagat Chand , Trivedi Gaurav , Prasher Sangeeta , Kumar Mukesh
Published: June 2020

Comprehensive quality assurance (QA) and beam data acquisition has been performed for commissioning of Varian Trilogy linear accelerator for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Mechanical, electrical and radiological tests were performed to check linac performance as per American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group (TG) 142. The geometric isocentre accuracy, congruence check and calibration of kV and MV imager were performed using the Isocal QA device. The off axis ratio profiles, depth dose data and beam output factors of 6 MV SRS beam for the field sizes ranging from 2 × 2 cm2 to 15 × 15 cm2 were measured using SFD diode detector and cc13 semiflex ion chamber. The multileaf collimator (MLC) characterization was done in the treatment planning system (TPS) using the parameters measured with the CC13 semiflex ionisation chamber in water phantom. Dose measured with 2D ion chamber array was compared to that calculated in TPS. The maximum change in MV and kV imager isocentre was within ±0.03 cm. The variation between SFD measured and ion chamber measured beam data is in positive correlation for fields sizes down up to 2 × 2 cm2. Variation in output factors is ±0.56 ± 0.05 %. The measured beam data is imported and calculated in the Eclipse TPS and is found within 1% gamma agreement index (GAI) with the Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) model data. GAI for TPS verification QA is 97.8%, 98.5% and 98.3% respectively for fix jaw 2 × 2 cm2, 5 × 5 cm2 and rapid arc SRS plan. Successful modelling of the photon beam for high dose rate SRS mode is achieved for clinical treatment of patients.
Ultrasound-based Classification of Fatty Liver Disease: A Review
Authors: Sharma V , Juglan K C
Published: June 2020

Hepatic steatosis synonymous with fatty liver is a disease that results from excess fat in the liver. It's normal to have small amounts of fat in the liver, but too much can drag into a health issue. It is such a disease, which may lead to loss of human life, if not cured at an early stage. To detect such a disease highly precise and reliable technique is required such as ultrasound imaging. Different CAD frameworks have been proposed, to categorize the images as normal and fatty liver ultrasound images. Classifying the images with the assistance of the CAD systems developed till date is not found to be up to the mark. The sensitivity and accuracy measurements values still need improvement. Although much research has been carried out in this area, it is the subject of great significance due to increasing prevalence of fatty liver across the globe. In therapeutic imaging and diagnostic radiology, CAD has ended up a standout amongst the most important research topic. It introduces the pattern recognition software that analyse suspicious features on the image and help the radiologists to solve the problem. Over the past years, booming research has been done on classifying liver ultrasound images. This paper presents the recent trends in Ultrasound-based classification of various liver diseases through Computer Aided Diagnosis systems and the current challenges and future directions to improve the diagnostic accuracy.
Synthesis and Characterization of Gamma Irradiated Graphene Oxide-Polypyrrole Nanocomposites
Authors: Dev Ajay , Goel Anshika , Prasher Sangeeta , Kumar Mukesh
Published: June 2020

Variations in crystalline structure, optical property, structural bonding in Graphene Oxide (GO) doped polypyrrole (PPy) under gamma irradiation at 100 KGy with effective dose rate of 2.86 KGy per hour have been studied. The crystalline structure has been studied utilizing XRD spectroscopy and it has become clear that as compare to non-irradiated, irradiated sample show more shift toward crystalline nature, this is because of the decrease in d -spacing. The variation in optical properties have been evaluated using UV-VIS spectroscopy, it has been pointed that gamma irradiation reduces the optical band gap due to the chemical reactions, such as chain scissioning etc., induced by gamma exposure, this result is further supported by FT-IR spectroscopy.
Effect of Addition of Polyaniline (PANI) on the properties of copper (II) Oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Panesar Mehar J. , Mohammed J. , TchouanK Tekou Carol T. , Kumar Pushpendra , Srivastava A. K.
Published: June 2020

High resistivity (or low electrical conductance values) materials have found their applicational foot in those domains of electrical-electronical where resistors, heat filaments, space heaters, shunt resistors electric irons and etc. are broadly exercised on. This paper investigates the effect of addition of polyaniline (PANI) on the properties of copper (II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. Sol-Gel method was used to synthesize CuO nanoparticles while PANI was obtained by oxidative polymerization process. The structural characterizations of the composite material and the effect of PANI on the CuO nanoparticles are studied through FESEM, XRD, FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy. XRD confirmed the formation of CuO without the presence of CuO2. FESEM showed the clear formation monoclinic structure of CuO. EDX revealed that Cu and O-atoms are in stoichiometry, thus confirming the formation of CuO bond and peaks of C, N and O are also obtained depicting the PANI formation. The characteristic peaks are obtained for both CuO (402.99-678.74 cm−1) and PANI (1109.94-1568.54 cm−1and 3058.81-3436.21 cm−1) through FTIR. The Raman analysis of CuO sample showed 3 peaks (290.01 cm−1, 333.51 cm−1and 624.81 cm−1) and while PANI showed peaks in the range from 1166.48 cm−1– 1582.81 cm−1. The dielectric properties were investigated using Maxwell-Wagner model and Koop’s phenomenological theory. The fore-mentioned composite material can also be considered to be devised in a resistor.
Influence of gamma radiation on PVC/PANI composites
Authors: Sharma S , Prasher S , Singh K L , Kumar M
Published: June 2020

PVC/PANI composites radiated with 75KGy of Gamma radiations were studied for their modifications in optical and structural properties as compared to the pristine polymer composites. The study of FTIR spectra of gamma radiated and pristine samples of polymer composite shows that the intensity of peaks decreases with gamma irradiation and at the same time shifts towards lower wave-number for pure PVC and its composites. It is further found that the water content has been reduced with Gamma irradiation and CO2 was released. The UV-VIS spectra for PVC/PANI composites were studied after irradiation with 75KGy of Gamma radiation and compared with the pristine composites. It was observed that the direct band gap, indirect band gap and urbach’s energy increases with gamma irradiation for pure PVC which may be attributed to increased cross linking in PVC due to irradiation. For other concentrations of PANI in composite the direct band gap, indirect band gap and urbach’s energy is found to decrease with irradiation. PL studies of composite showed that with the addition of PANI the colour of emission has been found to shift towards yellow. After irradiation the emission colour has been found to shift towards white colour where as negligible effect has been found for composites with higher concentration of PANI.
Gamma-ray, Neutron and Beta Radiation Shielding Properties of Bi2O3-Li2O-MnO2-B2O3 Glasses
Authors: Kaur Parminder , Singh K J , Thakur Sonika
Published: June 2020

Proper shielding from harmful ionizing radiations is a mandatory requirement in nuclear facilities owing to the harmful effects on radiation workers and general public in case of radiation exposure. The present work is aimed at the investigation of the shielding properties of the prepared glass system of chemical composition (83.5+x)Bi2O3-(0.6+x)Li2O-0.1MnO2-(15.8-2x)B2O3 (with x = 0, 0.7 and 1.4 wt.% coded as L5, L10 and L15 respectively), with respect to the Gamma-ray, Beta and fast neutron radiation. The Gamma-ray shielding property of the glass system was also compared with the most commonly used Barite concrete and commercially available shielding glass ‘RS 253 G18’. Also, the neutron shielding properties was compared with common neutron shielding materials including Graphite, Boron Carbide and Polyethylene grains. An attempt was made in this study to select a better shielding material than the compared standard shielding materials. It is inferred that L15 glass sample is the best shield material for Gamma-rays, fast neutrons and also, for Beta radiation in the high energy region due to Bremsstrahlung, while in low energy region glass, L5 is better for Beta shielding.
Dielectric Studies in Spherical Silica Nanoparticles doped Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Mixture
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Singh Ashwani Kumar , Yadav Sumit , Kumar Pankaj , Malik Praveen
Published: June 2020

in this paper, spherical silica nanoparticles were doped into a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) material. Dielectric studies were carried out in the frequency range of 20Hz-1MHz. Temperature and frequency dependent dielectric permittivity were investigated in the undoped and doped samples. It was observed that adding a small amount of SNPs, the permittivity increases ∼20% than pure FLC mixture. A Goldstone mode was observed in both pristine FLC and SNPs doped FLC samples. The relaxation frequency of detected mode was also observed at ∼570 Hz and ∼715 Hz for pristine FLC and doped samples respectively at 34°C. A single relaxation behaviour was also described in the form of Cole-Cole plot.
Theoretical investigation of structural properties of ternary alloy CuBrxI1-x through first principle method
Authors: Walia Samandeep Singh , Rizal Gopal , Munjal Neha , Majumdar Agnibha Das , Kamboj Uma
Published: June 2020

In this research work, the structural parameters of industrial technologically important CuBrxI1-x ternary alloy compound has been systematically accomplished through computational approach within the DFT parameters. For the compound CuBrxI1-x, the concentration of dopant has been taken in the range of 0 to 1. CRYSTAL code is the computational software has been used to scrutinize the consequence of dopant on structural parameters. A cutback has been witnessed in the lattice constant with the enlargement in cluster concentration of I into CuBr while the bulk modulus kept on increasing. The results obtained are in good coordination with the previous work done.
Structural Properties of Scandium Chalcogenides via First Principle Calculations
Authors: Pavas  , Munjal Neha , Majumdar Agnibha Das , Kamboj Uma , Kumar Ankit
Published: June 2020

Structural properties of scandium chalcogenides, whichused in the production of high-performance magnets, rechargeable batteries, alloys, catalysts, electronics and glasses,have investigated in NaCl (B1) structure using first principle calculations. Exchange correlation scheme of PBE and Becke has been used. The lattice constant and bulk modulus have found using linear combination of atomic orbital method within CRYSTAL06 code. The lattice constant and bulk modulus of ScS, ScSe, and ScTe are reported. The results are found to be compatible with the available experimental and theoretical data of the samples.
Study of Hypersurface of semi-almost Hermitian manifold equipped with quarter-symmetric non-metric connection
Authors: Pandey Pankaj , Chaturvedi B.B. , Lone Ejaz Sabir
Published: June 2020

In this paper, an induced connection on a Hyper surface ofa semi-almost Hermitian manifold equipped with a quarter-symmetric non-metric connection is studied and proved that induced connection is also a quarter-symmetricnon-metric connection.Further, we have obtained We ingarten equation, equation of Gauss curvature and the Codazzi Main ardiequation of hyper surface of a semi-almost Hermitian manifold equipped with a quarter-symmetric non-metric connection. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 53C07,53C26,53C42,53C55
Cosmic acceleration in an anisotropic background with bulk viscosity in the presence of constant declaration parameter
Authors: Tandon Reena
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we analyze a cosmological situation proposing a variation law in which a simple linear function of Hubble’s parameter that is the deceleration parameter provides the scale factor a as

a
=

e

1
β

2
β
t
+
k

(where β, k are constants). We got the cosmological models in which the Universe begins from a non-solitary state and grows exponentially with infinite time t till late occasions. The deceleration parameter in the model is observed to be time subordinate. The deceleration parameter in the model is found to be time dependent. It is seen that this parameter shows the development from initial decelerating period to the present accelerating period of expansion. The deceleration parameter supplies the biggest value and the fastest rate at which the universe is expanding. The cosmological term ∧ approaches to zero when t approaches to infinite.
Fuzzyfication of supplier–retailer inventory coordination with credit term for deteriorating item with time-quadratic demand and partial backlogging in all cycles
Authors: Mishra Sanjay , Mishra Nitin Kumar , Singh Vikramjeet , Singh Pushpinder , Saxena Seema
Published: June 2020

A finite planning horizon supply chain model is discussed for materials substances such as metals, ceramics, or plastics manufactured which is deteriorating in nature. Parameter such as holding cost and all the other cost are fuzzyfied. Triangular fuzzy numbers are used for the fuzzyfication of parameters. Defuzzyfication of the model is done using total -integral value. We also have used Graded Mean Representation method to defuzzify the model. Later the comparison between the two defuzzyfied model is presented and conclusion is drawn.
Difference sequence spaces and matrix method
Authors: Singh Sukhdev , Malla Burhan U Din
Published: June 2020

In this paper, the difference sequence space has been introduced using the infinite matrices. Some particular matrices are used to defined and study the sequence spaces such as the Kothe matrix. The results about the Kothe spaces, Frechet spaces and Banach-Kothe spaces are also discussed in this paper.
Numerical Solution of Gray Scott Reaction-Diffusion Equation using LagrangePolynomial
Authors: kaur Navneet , Joshi Varun
Published: June 2020

In this paper, numerical solution of one dimensional Gray-Scott equation is obtained using Lagrange Polynomial with Differential Quadrature Method (DQM). After using DQM the considered equation converted into set of ODEs which further can be solved using Range-Kutta method. The efficiency and accuracy of the method is to be checked by using L
∞ and L
2 errors. The obtained numerical results are shown with help of 2D and 3D figures.
Dynamic Aspect of Two Dimensional Single Server Markovian Queueing Model With Multiple Vacations and Reneging
Authors: Sharma Rimmy , Prof. Indra
Published: June 2020

This work deals with “the dynamic analysis of Two-dimensional M/M/1 queuing model with reneging and multiple vacations”. Customers renege according to negative exponential distribution. Dynamic aspect is more appropriate in understanding the behaviour of the system. Two dimensions represent respectively the number of arrivals at, and departure from, the system at a given time. The system starts with “i units at the time “t=0”.Allowing server to take vacationmakes queuing model more feasible in studying the waiting time system appropriately. For example in ticket booking counter, messages to be delivered, patients form queue to have appointments before the clinic open or arrival of doctor. The solution for this model is obtained recursively with the help of Laplace transformation and results are achieved_without involving complex functions.
Certain Results on Prime and Prime Distance Labeling of Graphs
Authors: Parthiban A. , Pir Ajaz Ahmad , Felix A.
Published: June 2020

Let G be a graph on n vertices. A bijective function f : V (G) → {1, 2,…,n} is said to be a prime labeling if for every e = xy, GCD{f (x),f (y)} = 1. A graph which permits a prime labeling is a “prime graph”. On the other hand, a graph G is a prime distance graph if there is an injective function g : V(G) → Z (the set of all integers) so that for any two vertices s & t which are adjacent, the integer |g(s) – g(t)| is a prime number and g is called a prime distance labeling of G. A graph G is a prime distance graph (PDL) iff there exists a “prime distance labeling” (PDL) of G. In this paper, we obtain the prime labeling and prime distance labeling of certain classes of graphs.
Prediction of Two-Node Tandem Queue with Feedback Having State and Time Dependent Service Rates
Authors: Chowdhury Ankita Roy , Indra
Published: June 2020

Queuing networks are current area of great research and application interest, in view of their increased applicability in - modelling manufacturing facilities and computer/communication networks, production and assembly lines, hospitals, transport systems, banks and so forth. The present paper develops and analyses a tandem queuing model having two nodes with feedback. Such type of model finds its application in many fields, e.g. telecommunication, inventory, hospitals, traffic control and so on. For example, in hospitals, a patient first visits the doctor and goes through a series of examinations, after which he revisits the doctor for medication. The inter-arrival time is exponentially distributed, whereas the service rate for each node depends on the aggregate of customers in the respective queues and thus follows non-homogeneous Poisson process. After constructing the difference –differential equations, and using PGF technique, we have obtained the joint probability distribution for queue size. Some key measures such as the “average number of customers in queue”, “utilization time of each queue”, “average waiting time in each queue” are computed.
Solution of non-linear Fisher’s reaction-diffusion equation by using Hyperbolic B-spline based differential quadrature method
Authors: Kapoor Mamta , Joshi Varun
Published: June 2020

In the present paper Hyperbolic B-Spline based Differential Quadrature Method is proposed to solve the Non-Linear Fisher’s Reaction-Diffusion Equation numerically. By using the proposed method, the governing partial differential equation is converted into a system of ordinary differential equations and then SSP-RK43 scheme is implemented. Accuracy of the proposed method is checked by using discrete root mean square norm (L
2) and maximum error norm(L
∞). A comparison has been made of proposed numerical scheme with the previous numerical schemes already present in the literature. The noteworthy point here is that the proposed numerical scheme is easy to use and indicates some better results.
Love type waves in a dry sandy layerlying over an isotropic elastic half-space with imperfect interface
Authors: Deep Shikha , Sharma Vikas
Published: June 2020

The present problem is a precise approach for the investigation of Love type waves propagation in a new geometric scheme, which consist a dry sandy layer resting over an isotropic elastic half-space. An analytical approach has been used to derive secular equation for the propagation of Love type waves. Dispersion equation for Love type waves is derived in the given geometry by considering that upper dry sandy layer is imperfectly bonded to lower isotropic half-space. The effects of various parameters such as sandiness parameter, imperfect interface and thickness of the layer are presented on the propagation of Love type waves through graphical representations.
Equitable power domination number of total graph of certain graphs
Authors: Banu Priya S , Parthiban A , Abirami P
Published: June 2020

Let G (V, E), or simply G, be a graph. A set S ⊆ V is said to be a power dominating set (PDS) if every vertex u ∈ V − S is observed by certain vertices in S by the following two rules: (a) if a vertex v in G is in PDS, then it dominates itself and all the adjacent vertices of v and (b) if an observed vertex v in G has k > 1 adjacent vertices and if k − 1 of these vertices are already observed, then the remaining one non-observed vertex is also observed by v in G. A power dominating set S ⊆ V in G is said to be an equitable power dominating set (EPDS), if for every vertex v ∈ V − S there exists an adjacent vertex u ∈ S such that |d(u) − d(v)| ≤ 1, where d(u) and d(v) represents the degree of u and degree of v, respectively. The minimum cardinality of an EPDS of G is called the equitable power domination number (EPDN) of G, denoted by γepd
(G). The vertices and edges of G are called elements. Two elements of G are neighbors if they are either incident or adjacent in G. The total graph T(G) has vertex set V(G) ∪ E(G) and two vertices of T(G) are adjacent whenever they are neighbors in G. In this paper, we obtain the EPDN of the total graph of certain graphs.
Divisor Labeling of Some Special Graphs
Authors: Parthiban A. , Samdanielthompson G. , Sharma Deepak
Published: June 2020

An assignment of labels (mostly, integers) to the vertices of a graph G(V,E), or simply G, on n vertices subject to certain constraints is called a vertex labeling of G. A graph G is a divisor graph if the vertices of G can be labeled with integers (necessarily distinct) in such a way that either x|y or y|x for any two adjacent vertices x and y. In this paper, we encounter the divisor labeling of certain classes of graphs.
Generalizing the effect of Indian populace with the help of mathematical modeling
Authors: Yadav Dr. Rakesh , Wadia Shekhar
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a mathematical model of Indian populace is investigated. For this, a secondary data of the Indian populace has been collected from IDB (International Data Base) of the years from 1960 (inclusive). Also, we will deduce the expected populace of India up to the year 2060 by the using the least square method. Then, we will represent this populace in form of graphs using MATLAB. Also, we will find out the carrying capacity of future Indian populace. Finally we will find out the effect of this populace on India.
A comprehensive survey on 3-equitable and divisor 3-equitable labeling of graphs
Authors: Parthiban A. , Sangeeta
Published: June 2020

This article presents a short survey on 3-equitable and divisor 3-equitable labeling of graphs. For any graph G(V,E) and k > 0, assign vertex labels from {0,1,…, k − 1} such that when the edge labels induced by the absolute value of the difference of the vertex labels, the number of vertices labeled with i and the number of vertices labeled with j differ by at most one and the number of edges labeled with i and the number of edges labeled with j differ by at most one. We call a graph G with such an assignment of labels k –equitable. When k = 3, it becomes a 3-equitable labeling. In 2019, Sweta Srivastav et al. introduced the notion of divisor 3-equitable labeling of graphs. A bijection f: V(G) → {1, 2, …,n} induces a function f':E(G) → {0,1,2} defined by for each edge e = xy, (i) f'(e) = 1 if f(x)|f(y) or f(y)|f(x), (ii) f'(e) = 2 if f(x)/f(y) = 2 or f(y)/f(x) = 2, and (iii) f'(e) = 0 otherwise such that

|

e

f
′

(
i
)
−

e

f
′

(
j
)

|

≤
1

for all 0 ≤ i,j ≤ 2. A graph which admits a divisor 3-equitable labeling is called a divisor 3-equitable graph. This article stands divided into five sections. The first and fifth sections are reserved respectively for introduction and some important references. The second section deals with the 3-equitable labeling of graphs wherein some important known results have been recalled. The third section deals with the divisor 3-equitable labeling of graphs wherein a few known results have been outlined. In the fourth section we highlight certain conjectures and open problems in respect of the above mentioned labeling that still remain unsolved.
Pre weakly generalized closed sets in topological spaces
Authors: Bhardwaj N , Mir A
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we introduce a new class of generalized closed sets namely Pre weakly generalized closed sets in topological space, which lies between Closed sets and Weakly Generalized Closed sets. We also investigate and study their fundamental properties and generalize the results with other defined classes of generalized closed sets.
Common Fixed Point Theorems for Four Self-Maps Satisfying (CLRST
)- Property in b-Metric Spaces
Authors: Arora Sahil , Mishra Sanjay , Kumar Manoj , Heena
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we prove coincidence point for two pair of mappings satisfying (CLRST
)- property with the help C-class function, altering distance function and ultra altering distance function in the framework of b-metric spaces. Moreover, we also attain unique common fixed point for two weakly compatible pairs. Various results can also be derived from our main result in the frame of metric spaces.
Accelerated Adomian Decomposition Method for the System of Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Singh Prince
Published: June 2020

A novel technique i.e. Accelerated Adomian Decomposition method is used for the solution of system of nonlinear equations. This method has been explored by including a new form of Adomian polynomial for handling the nonlinear terms present in the equations. The technique has been tested for some examples and the outcome exhibit reliability and efficiency of the proposed methods.
Profit Optimization of products at different selling prices with fuzzy linear programming problem using situational based fuzzy triangular numbers
Authors: kumar Rakesh , Chandrawat Rajesh Kumar , Joshi Varun
Published: June 2020

The main objective of the manufacture industry is to acquire the maximum profit by minimizing the production cost and maximization of the selling price of the different products fabricated by them. After accomplishment of the optimal value for the production cost the industry focuses on maximizing the selling price of items. However, the competitiveness and uncertainty of the market, the supplier sells their products of discrete selling prices. Therefore, their profit is fluctuated. Such situations to find the optimization of the profit is the main issue of the firm and such destruction can be mitigated with the help of fuzzy linear programming problem. In FLP coefficients of the objective function, constraint variables and the solution values are represented by fuzzy numbers. In this paper, proposed a newly constructed triangular fuzzy numbers (TFN∼τ1) which represent the various realistic circumstances for the selling prices of the various items of manufacturers and then TFN∼τ2 based on TFN∼τ1 is constructed which shows the all possible states of the profit received accordingly numerous sell prices industry might be earned. The data of “R.P.S entrepreneur Jalandhar” is taken which manufacture special types of pipe fitting items with particular sizes according to the demand in Punjab region. We constructed the general structure of the FLP to obtain all attainable bound of the optimal values using newly constructed TFNs. After that a comparative study of the optimal FLP to achieve the membership grades in all conceivable latitude.
Dynamical Role of Scalar Fields in K = 0 Universe
Authors: Akash K. , Pathak S. D. , Dubey Rajesh K.
Published: June 2020

It is an accepted and well examined practice in cosmology to invoke a suitable form of scalar field with potential V(φ) when the observed evolution of the universe cannot be reconciled with theoretical believes. In this article we investigate the role a class of scalar fields in cosmology under minimal and maximal coupling with background matter. We further analyze the dynamical behavior of scalar fields through its scaling solutions by considering their constant equation of state parameter.
Geo-spatial topology based morphometric analysis for soil and water conservation in Dholbaha watershed of Kandi region
Authors: Singh S. , Singh R.D.
Published: June 2020

Morphometric analysis forms the basis for planning water and soil conservation treatments in a watershed. Geospatial topology based morphometric analysis in Dholbaha watershed, located in the Kandi region of Punjab, was carried out using the IRS data of LISS IV, Cartoset-1 merged satellite data, ASTER DEM and ArcGIS-10.2 software. As per topology, Dholbaha watershed is the 5th order watershed. Out of all the 279 streams identified, 213 are of 1st order and one 5th order stream. The total stream length is found to be 191.73 kms. The dendritic drainage pattern is found with stream frequency of 4.67 no./km2 and mean bifurcation ratio of 3.9. Both length as well as number of streams decrease with the increase in the order of streams. Topological model indicates lesser effect of geological structure on the drainage pattern of the watershed. Drainage density of watershed (3.21 km/km2) reflects the closeness of spacing in channels with permeable sub strata. Fine drainage texture (7.34 no./km) and large length of the overland flow (150 m) in watershed resulted into high peaked hydrographs and high sheet erosion in the watershed. The circularity ratio, form factor and elongation ratio of the watershed 0.412, 0.51 and 0.72, respectively indicate that watershed is less elongated in shape, associated with medium to high relief, having moderately permeable sub-soil conditions resulting in moderate peak discharge, and moderate runoff volume resulting in high soil erosion. The watershed requires urgent conservation measures to control siltation of the reservoir.
Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Zeolitic Imidazole Framework-Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres Composite: A Hybrid Porous Composite for Drug Delivery
Authors: Adhikari Dr. Chandan , Chakraborty Dr. Anjan
Published: June 2020

Drug delivery system composed of mesoporous silica nanoparticles suffers from many drawbacks. Out of many challenges, two major challenges in drug delivery through mesoporous silica nanoparticles, are premature leakage and fast release of the drug molecules. Because of these, most of the time, efficiency of the drug delivery system become very low. In this work, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have been modified using zeolitic imidazole framework through formation of a hybrid system. An anticancer drug Doxorubicin was encapsulated in mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Two zeolitic imidazole frameworks, ZIF-7 and ZIF-8 were prepared and used to form composite with mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The composites were characterized using scanning electron microscope, confocal laser scanning microscope, bright field imaging, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis. BET surface analysis was conducted to understand the pore size, pore volume and surface area of the composite materials. The drug delivery study was conducted under pH stimuli as well as in present of liposome. The bare MSN were found to release the drug within 2-3 hours at pH∼4 and in presence of liposome. But both the composites were found to control the drug release over a period of 12 hours at pH∼4 and over a period of 7 hours in presence of liposome, which are almost 4 times slower release than bare mesoporous silica nanoparticles. This indicates that composite system has enough control on the drug release over the conventional drug delivery through bare mesoporous silica nanoparticles. This phenomenon was explained based on that, the ZIF frameworks act as a shield against the external stimuli and protects the bare silica from contact with the external agent and results in slower drug release. But in case of bare silica due to the absence of this kind of protection, drug release becomes very fast under acidic conditions.
Study of ethyl acetoacetate, 2-aminobenzenethiol and ceric ammonium nitrate composition for biopharmaceutical applications
Authors: Kumari M , Kaur R , Sharma P K
Published: June 2020

Possibilities of 4H,1-4Benzothiazine synthesis by the reaction of Ceric ammonium nitrate, Ethyl acetoacetate, 2-Aminobenzenethiol were carried out in present work. Reaction mixture also studied for biological activities for example antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and found active material. Present work confirmed that waste material of reactions mixtures can be utilized as potential pharmaceutical material and treated as new ecofriendly way for waste management of chemical reactions incorporated with green chemistry approach: “Best out of waste”.
Effect of co-substitution of Zn2+/Zr4+on Surface Morphology, Structure and Magnetic Properties of BaZnxZrxFe12-2xO19
Authors: Godara Sachin Kumar , Kaur Supinder , Kaur Varinder , Sood Ashwani Kumar , singh Mandeep , Pushkarna Ishita , Bhadu Gopala Ram , Chaudhari Jayesh C.
Published: June 2020

The effect of co-doping of Zn2+/Zr4+ions on surface morphology, structure and magnetic properties of BaZnxZrxFe12-2xO19(x=0.00, 0.20,0.40,0.60,0.80, 1.00) synthesized using Pechini method has been investigated. XRD data reveals that the samples are phase pure and have no intermittent phase. The c/a parameter is <3.98 for all samples implying that they are M-type hexaferrites. The grain size increases with an increase in the composition of Zn2+/Zr4+dopant seen using FE-SEM micrographs. The local crystal structure distortion with increasing Zn2+/Zr4+dopant composition is confirm by Raman measurements. M vs H plots reveal that all the samples shows magnetic ordering. The highestMsvalue has been noticed to be 68.43 emu/g in x=0.20 sample. TheHcvalue varies from 5350 Oe to 763 Oe with increase in dopant concentration. These materials have strong potential in magnetic recording applications.
Fibre-optic biosensor for the detection of xanthine for the evaluation of meat freshness
Authors: Garg D , Verma N
Published: June 2020

Xanthine is produced by guanine deaminase and xanthine oxidase from guanine and hypoxanthine, respectively. It serves as an indicator of spoilage of meat and various pathological conditions. An optical biosensor has been fabricated for the detection of xanthine by absorption transmission approach. The bioassay principle used in this study is conversion of xanthine to uric acid and H2O2 by XO. Due to the production of uric acid, pH of the reaction decreases and falls in range of 7.5 - 6. The absorptive dye phenol red has been screened to visualize the change in colour. The coimmobilization of XO and dye phenol red indicator was done with sol-gel method onto the circular plastic discs for the development of biosensor. Volume of sample required for detection has been miniaturized to 10μl. The linear range of concentration and limit of detection were 0.5μM – 150μM and 0.5 μM respectively, have been achieved for xanthine. The designed biosensor was successfully employed for the detection of xanthine in chicken meat sample. Present study leads to the development of a fast and dependable biosensor with miniaturized sample volume and also mass scale screening possible through colour visualization.
Self-Organization of Cationic Surfactant in Hydrophilic Ionic Liquid in Aqueous Media at Various Concentrations
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Katal Arjuna
Published: June 2020

The present work focus on the study of thermodynamical parameters of micellization of surfactant in the presence of altered concentrations of the ionic liquid. The conductivity measurement has been done to study the aggregation behavior of mixed system of SDS and ionic liquid [C3mim][Br] at various concentrations (0.04, 0.08 and 0.12 weight percent of IL) and temperatures break reserved for 5K from 298.15 K - 308.15 K. The measured data of conductivity have been employed to know the CMC. Thermodynamical parameters of aggregation such as standard Gibb’s free energy of micellization, standard enthalpy and entropy of micellization determined and discussed. Outcomes have been elucidated in terms of the impact of IL on the micellization process of the sodium dodecylsulphate.
Influence of Electrolyte and Temperature on the Aggregation Behaviour of Mixed System Consisting Drug and Anionic Surfactant
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Kaur Jasmeet
Published: June 2020

At present work, the interaction of amphiphilic drug promazine hydrochloride (PMZ) with anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and imipramine hydrochloride (IMH) with anionic surfactant dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) in the absence and presence of 50 mmol.kg−1 inorganic salt is investigated in aqueous medium at different temperatures. For this, conductometric measurements were carried out to evaluate the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of drug and surfactant. Ideal critical micelle concentration (CMC id) and interaction parameter (β) has also been evaluated. The deviations obtained in values of CMC and CMC id indicate the interaction between drug and surfactant. Other micellar mole fraction parameters such as X1
Rub (Rubingh), X1
Mot (Motomura), X1
Rd (Rodenas) and X1
ideal (ideal mole fraction) are also evaluated based on different proposed models. Other thermodynamic parameters of micellization such as, standard free energy of micellization

(
Δ

G
m
∘

)

, standard enthalpy of micellization

(
Δ

H
m
∘

)

, and standard entropy of micellization

(
Δ

S
m
∘

)

are also evaluated based upon the equations already present in literature to understand the interactions prevailing in the studied systems.
Investigations on the interactions in the Binary Mixtures of Tripropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (TPGMME) and 1-Heptanol at Different Temperatures
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Sharma Ravinder
Published: June 2020

Densities (ρ) and ultrasonic speeds (u) of the binary liquid mixtures of Tripropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (TPGMME) and 1-haptanol have been measured as a function of composition at temperature range of 288.15 to 318.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The measurements have been carried out using an Anton Paar density and speed of sound analyser DSA 5000. Thermodynamic properties like excess molar volumes, isentropic compressibility and molar isentropic compressibility have been calculated by using densities and speed of sound data at various temperatures. Value for excess molar volume is positive for (TPGMME) and 1-haptanol over the entire mole fraction range, and increase with increasing temperature.
Effect of Temperature on the Polymerization and Optical Conductivity of Thin Flexible Polypyrrole/Starch Composites
Authors: Mudila Harish , Prasher Parteek , Kumar Anil , Zaidi MGH , Verma Amit
Published: June 2020

Conductive PPY/Starch (PS) composites were prepared at varying temperature by insitu polymerization method. These polymerized materials were subjected to various studies viz. UV-Vis, FTIR, and XRD to study their effective interaction with each other. The impact of polymerization temperature on the optical conductivity of all the fabricated materials and individual components were studied, these studies shows the increased amount of conductive PPY in the composites leads towards higher optical conductivity of fabricated composites. The PPY/Starch composite synthesized at 0±1°C was observed to have the optical band gap of 4.9 eV and optical conductivity of ∼2.8×108 S−1 at 290 nm, which is decent for a material to be used as an optical conductive and hence the proposed material find its application in diverse field of energy storage.
Modification of Polystyrene Based Composites for Environment Sustainability: A Review
Authors: Mondal Sanchit , Mudila Harish , Prasher Parteek , Kumar Ujjwal , Kadyan Naveen , Bishnoi Ankita , Kaur Navneet , Silmana Shivani
Published: June 2020

Polystyrene (PS) being a non-biodegradable polymer is brought under application over the world in many ways in our day-to-day life to make it easy however it generates an enormous challenge to the components of our environment viz. soil, water, air etc. thus leading to health issues in humans and other living components of earth. This review details and compares the fabrication, application and suitability of various composites of PS with biodegradable materials viz. starch, bagasse lignin, fibers, etc. as to combat the hazardous impact of PS to environment and its valuable constituents. These biodegradable materials not only modify the PS physically but also it affects the composition which enables these composite materials to be acceptable for consumption without spoiling nature. The numerous compositions are studied for their diverse applications and biodegradability. The listed composites express the route to curtail the impacts of hazardous synthetic polymers from the environment and thus paving the path for secure and harmless future for coming generation.
Amoxicillin removal from an aqueous solution by adsorption using graphene oxide/calcium alginate biocomposite
Authors: Kaur A , Maity C
Published: June 2020

Antibiotics have been used for the treatment of microbial infections over several decades for both human and animals. However, these antibiotics are classified as potent pollutants due to their increasing overuse. Amoxicillin is one of the most frequently used antibiotics and its bioaccumulation in the food chain can threaten the human health. Herein, we show the adsorption activity of amoxicillin from aqueous solution using graphene oxide/calcium alginate composite, which is easy to operate, low-cost material. The composite has been characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, IR, SEM. The adsorption properties of amoxicillin were investigated through several parameters including the solution pH, the absorbent does, the initial concentration. Finally, a mechanism of adsorption has been proposed in this study.
Molecular interactions analysis of some aluminium salts in binary aqueous solutions of tetrahydrofuran (THF): Acoustic and Conductometric approach
Authors: Thakur R.C. , Sharma Ravi , Sharma Arshdeep
Published: June 2020

In the present investigation conductance and speed of sound of aluminium sulphate, aluminium nitrate, and aluminium chloride were experimentally determined in aqueous medium as well in binary aqueous mixtures of THF. Various conductance and acoustic parameters viz; molar conductance, limiting molar conductance, partial molar adiabatic compressibility, coefficient of adiabatic compressibility were also determined using Kohlrausch's Law, Debye-Huckel theory and Masson’s equation at working temperatures and different compositions of THF. Analysis reveals that limiting molar conductivity

(

Λ
m
0

)

decreases with increase in composition of THF in water indicating the decrease in the ion-solvent interactions with increase in composition THF in water. Further it was found that with increase in temperature the

Λ
m
0

values increase for all the three salts which support the increase in ion-solvent interactions with increase in temperature. The values of partial molar isentropic compression

(

ϕ

K
S

0

)

were found negative and these values further increase with increase in composition of THF indicating that on increase in composition, attractive interactions develop between THF and water which induces dehydration of aluminium salts which make the water molecules of aluminium salts more compressible than that of lower THF concentration resulting in decrease of ion solvent interactions with increase in THF composition in water. On the other hand with increase in temperature, the values of

ϕ

K
S

0

further increase leading to increase in ion-solvent interactions of aluminium salts in water and 5% THF+ water. Walden product and its temperature coefficient i.e.

[
d
(

Λ
m
0

η
0

)
]

have also been calculated which confirms that aluminium salts act as structure breaker in different compositions of THF in water.
Synthesis of Ni doped iron oxide nanoparticles and their dielectric properties
Authors: Moharana Aiswarya , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Ashish
Published: June 2020

Sol-gel method was adopted for the formation of magnetite and metal doped nanoparticles. The Synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by using XRD, FE-SEM, FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. The X-ray diffraction results confirm crystalline structure and the size of the synthesized nanoparticles. IR data reveals the characteristic absorption bands for oxide formation. Dielectric properties of the prepared composite were determined by impedance analyser. Significant improvement of dielectric properties can be obtained when we incorporated polymer matrix in metal oxide nanoparticles.
Use of System Dynamics Forecasting Model in Transportation System to Reduce Vehicular Emissions-A Mathematical Approach
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Shukla Bishnu Kant , Sharma Pushpendra Kumar
Published: June 2020

In recent years, the surface water quality has been observed deteriorating due to industrial activities and pollution in the Punjab state. Evaluation of surface water quality is an important issue to assure from its safe and stable use. However, describing quality conditions is generally difficult considering spatial variability of pollutants and a wide range of indicators like biological, physical and chemical substances which can be measured. This paper includes the study of surface water quality parameters in the northern Punjab region. Samples from different sources across northern Punjab were analysed for pH, TDS, TSS, turbidity, DO, chloride content, iron content and hardness of surface water. The pH, TDS, TSS, turbidity, DO, chloride content, iron content and hardness were found in the range of 6.7-8.7, 1358.00-1430.60 mg/l, 135.10-141.21 mg/l, 0.001-0.62 NTU, 0.96-7.80 mg/l, 0.80-15.56 mg/l, 0.01-0.02 mg/l and 1.2-13.9 mg/l respectively. The obtained results were compared with the acceptance limits as given by Indian standard code IS: 10500-2012. The high values of water quality parameters obtained as a result of this study indicates the level of pollution of the different sources of surface water of northern Punjab. At the end the obtained results were critically examined and suggestions were made for better management of surface water resources. An efficient transportation system is vital to economic development and a sustainable environment in a country. India's road transportation contributes to approximately 5.4% of the GDP carrying 65% of freight traffic and 85% of passenger traffic. India's fuel imports are growing at an average of 18% annually for which India spends 3.5% of GDP, thereby posing a major threat to the economy of the country in the future. Also, the use of such a high quantity of fuel causes vehicular pollution, which is responsible for fuel emission in urban areas. This study concentrates on carrying out an interdisciplinary work involving the sectors of transportation, energy, and environment considering the parameters like vehicle model split, fuel consumption and vehicular emissions. This is done by building, System Dynamics (SD) forecasting simulation models using STELLA software to mathematically forecast these parameters in the upcoming years until 2030. Hence, a scenario of augmenting the growth rate of public transportation and simultaneously restricting the growth rate of personalised transportation showed a substantial decrease in fuel consumption and fuel emissions, which eventually resulted in a reduction of fuel cost as well as an increase in the GDP in the transportation system for Chennai city