bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semiparametric estimation of INAR models using roughness penalization
Authors: Faymonville Maxime , Jentsch Carsten , Weiß Christian H. , Aleksandrov Boris
Published: September 2022

Popular models for time series of count data are integer-valued autoregressive (INAR) models, for which the literature mainly deals with parametric estimation. In this regard, a semiparametric estimation approach is a remarkable exception which allows for estimation of the INAR models without any parametric assumption on the innovation distribution. However, for small sample sizes, the estimation performance of this semiparametric estimation approach may be inferior. Therefore, to improve the estimation accuracy, we propose a penalized version of the semiparametric estimation approach, which exploits the fact that the innovation distribution is often considered to be smooth, i.e. two consecutive entries of the PMF differ only slightly from each other. This is the case, for example, in the frequently used INAR models with Poisson, negative binomially or geometrically distributed innovations. For the data-driven selection of the penalization parameter, we propose two algorithms and evaluate their performance. In Monte Carlo simulations, we illustrate the superiority of the proposed penalized estimation approach and argue that a combination of penalized and unpenalized estimation approaches results in overall best INAR model fits.
A feasibility-driven approach to control-limited DDP
Authors: Mastalli Carlos , Merkt Wolfgang , Marti-Saumell Josep , Ferrolho Henrique , Solà Joan , Mansard Nicolas , Vijayakumar Sethu
Published: September 2022

Differential dynamic programming (DDP) is a direct single shooting method for trajectory optimization. Its efficiency derives from the exploitation of temporal structure (inherent to optimal control problems) and explicit roll-out/integration of the system dynamics. However, it suffers from numerical instability and, when compared to direct multiple shooting methods, it has limited initialization options (allows initialization of controls, but not of states) and lacks proper handling of control constraints. In this work, we tackle these issues with a feasibility-driven approach that regulates the dynamic feasibility during the numerical optimization and ensures control limits. Our feasibility search emulates the numerical resolution of a direct multiple shooting problem with only dynamics constraints. We show that our approach (named Box-FDDP) has better numerical convergence than Box-DDP$$^+$$

+

(a single shooting method), and that its convergence rate and runtime performance are competitive with state-of-the-art direct transcription formulations solved using the interior point and active set algorithms available in Knitro. We further show that Box-FDDP decreases the dynamic feasibility error monotonically—as in state-of-the-art nonlinear programming algorithms. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach by generating complex and athletic motions for quadruped and humanoid robots. Finally, we highlight that Box-FDDP is suitable for model predictive control in legged robots.
Von lebenden Systemen und gefühlten Zahlen. Eine körpersoziologische Analyse des finanzaufsichtlichen Risikobewertungsregimes
Authors: Knoll Lisa
Published: September 2022

Der hier vorliegende Beitrag erarbeitet Verbindungslinien zwischen Wirtschaftssoziologie (insb. Finanzsoziologie), Soziologie der Bewertung und Körpersoziologie anhand des Falls finanzmarktregulatorischer Risikobewertung. Dabei spielt der analytische Begriff der Prothese (Michel Callon) eine wichtige Rolle. Nach der Finanzkrise kommt es zu einer Neuverteilung von sensorischen Bewertungskompetenzen in einer hierarchisch aufgebauten, vernetzten Wissensarchitektur. Es ist nun die Maschine, der Lebendigkeit attestiert wird, während der Mensch parzellierte Funktionen in einer Apparatur übernimmt. Gleichzeitig soll der Mensch so zu einem adäquaten und beweglichen (spielerischen) Umgang mit Risiken angeregt werden, die man ihm/ihr in einem eher groben und einfachen Aufsichtssystem nicht mehr zutraute (hier wurden „regulatory arbitrage“ und „kreative Buchführung“ zum Problem). Der Aufsatz rekonstruiert die praktischen Orientierungen und kollektiven Erfahrungen dieses finanzaufsichtlichen Umbaus anhand zweier problemzentrierter Interviews. Unter Rekurs auf die Körperbezüge in diesen Interviews wird die Paradoxie eines Systems herausgearbeitet, das nach wie vor auf individuelle Entscheidungsrationalität und -agilität setzt, diese nun aber maschinell zu erschaffen sucht.
Managing biodiversity in the Anthropocene: discussing the Nature Futures Framework as a tool for adaptive decision-making for nature under climate change
Authors: Palacios-Abrantes Juliano , Badhe Renuka , Bamford Amanda , Cheung William W. L. , Foden Wendy , Frazão Santos Catarina , Grey Kerry-Anne , Kühn Nicola , Maciejewski Kristi , McGhie Henry , Midgley Guy F. , Smit Izak P. J. , Pereira Laura M.
Published: September 2022

Conservation approaches to social-ecological systems have largely been informed by a framing of preserving nature for its instrumental societal benefits, often ignoring the complex relationship of humans and nature and how climate change might impact these. The Nature Futures Framework (NFF) was developed by the Task Force on scenarios and models of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services as a heuristic approach that appreciates the diverse positive values of nature and its contribution to people. In this overview, we convene a group of experts to discuss the NFF as a tool to inform management in social-ecological systems facing climate change. We focus on three illustrative case studies from the global south across a range of climate change impacts at different ecological levels. We find that the NFF can facilitate the identification of trade-offs between alternative climate adaptation pathways based on different perspectives on the values of nature they emphasize. However, we also identify challenges in adopting the NFF, including how outputs can be translated into modeling frameworks. We conclude that using the NFF to unpack diverse management options under climate change is useful, but that there are still gaps where more work needs to be done to make it fully operational. A key conclusion is that a range of multiple perspectives of people’s values on nature could result in adaptive decision-making and policy that is resilient in responding to climate change impacts in social-ecological systems.
Sudden unexpected death in a 17-year-old boy due to unacknowledged adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Pigaiani N. , Ausania F. , Tudini M. , Bortolotti F. , Tagliaro F. , Brunelli M.
Published: September 2022

A 17-year-old male with no previous medical history was admitted 2 days before his death to a local hospital after mild dyspnea. Electrocardiography, chest radiography, and blood analysis revealed no abnormalities. Blood oxygen saturation was 99%, and SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swabs tested negative; thus, he was discharged without prescriptions. After 2 days, the subject died suddenly during a pool party. Forensic autopsy was performed analyzing all anatomical districts. Cardiac causes were fully excluded after deep macroscopic and microscopic evaluation; lung and brain analyses showed no macroscopic pathology. Finally, a large subglottic solid mass was detected. The whitish neoplasm showed an aggressive invasion pattern to the thyroid and adjacent deep soft tissues and occluded the trachea. High-power microscopy showed sheets of small, uniform cells with scant cytoplasm; round nuclei; and small, punctate nucleoli, with immunohistochemical expression of CK8-18, AE1/AE3, and CD99. Using FISH analysis, the break-apart molecular probes (EWSR1 (22q12) Break – XL, Leica Biosystem, Nussloch, Germany) showed distinct broken red and green fluorochromes, diagnostic of Ewing sarcoma. The neoplasm was characterized as adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma, and the mechanism of death was identified as airway obstruction. The rarity of the case resides in the circumstances of death, which pointed to the possibility of sudden unexpected death due to heart disease, but an oncological cause and the underlying mechanism were finally diagnosed. The best method to perform autopsies is still complete, extensive, and systematic macroscopic sampling of organs and districts followed by histopathological analysis, in addition to immunohistochemical and molecular investigations in those cases in which they are necessary. In fact, when neoplasms are detected, the application of advanced techniques such as immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnostics is fundamental to accurately certify death.
Wunderressource Empathie?
Authors: Schröder Carsten
Published: September 2022

Empathie wird als eine Grundlage für professionelles Handeln in der Sozialen Arbeit erachtet und als unerlässlich für die Beziehungsgestaltung wahrgenommen. In dem Beitrag wird problematisiert, dass Empathie zwar als eine Grundlage kooperierenden Handelns betrachtet werden kann, aber immer auch eingefasst ist in gesellschaftliche Macht- und Herrschaftsverhältnisse, die für die Gestaltung von Beziehungen in der Sozialen Arbeit virulent sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden die Relationierungen von Empathie und Macht diskutiert, um Anknüpfungspunkte für ein kritisch-reflexives Denken und Handeln zu entwerfen.
An experimental study of the non-self-serving attributional bias within the impostor phenomenon and its relation to the fixed mindset
Authors: Ibrahim Fabio , Göddertz Dana , Herzberg Philipp Yorck
Published: September 2022

The Impostor Phenomenon describes people characterized by a non-self-serving attributional bias towards success. In this experimental between-subjects design, we conducted a bogus intelligence test in which each subject was assigned to a positive or negative feedback condition. Our sample consisted of N = 170 individuals (51% female). The results showed that the impostor expression moderates the influence of feedback on locus of causality and stability attribution. ‘Impostors’ show an external-instable attributional style regarding success and an internal-stable attributional style regarding failure. Therefore, the relationship between the impostor expression and its characteristic attribution patterns could be experimentally validated for the first time. In addition, we investigated whether the IP is linked to the performance-related construct mindset. We found a positive correlation between the IP and fixed mindset. Possible causes for these findings are discussed.
Boundedness of Bergman projectors on homogeneous Siegel domains
Authors: Calzi Mattia , Peloso Marco M.
Published: September 2022

In this paper we study the boundedness of Bergman projectors on weighted Bergman spaces on homogeneous Siegel domains of Type II. As it appeared to be a natural approach in the special case of tube domains over irreducible symmetric cones, we study such boundedness on the scale of mixed-norm weighted Lebesgue spaces. The sharp range for the boundedness of such operators is essentially known only in the case of tube domains over Lorentz cones. In this paper we prove that the boundedness of such Bergman projectors is equivalent to variuos notions of atomic decomposition, duality, and characterization of boundary values of the mixed-norm weighted Bergman spaces, extending results mostly known only in the case of tube domains over irreducible symmetric cones. Some of our results are new even in the latter simpler context. We also study the simpler, but still quite interesting, case of the “positive” Bergman projectors, the integral operator in which the Bergman kernel is replaced by its modulus. We provide a useful characterization which was previously known for tube domains.
Sexualisierte Gewalt und die Rolle des Jugendamtes – Forschungs- und Entwicklungsbedarfe
Authors: Christmann Bernd , Wazlawik Martin , Rusack Tanja , Böllert Karin , Schröer Wolfgang
Published: September 2022

Entwicklung und Implementierung von Schutzkonzepten haben mit dem Kinder- und Jugendstärkungsgesetz (KJSG) im Juni 2021 in vielen Handlungsfeldern der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe eine rechtliche Grundlage bekommen. Sexualisierte Gewalt ist dabei eine spezifische Herausforderung, die entsprechende Kompetenzen, Qualifikationen und Strukturen erfordert. Dem Jugendamt kommt hierbei eine Schlüsselfunktion zu. Hochproblematische Fallverläufe haben zuletzt verdeutlicht, dass diese Schlüsselfunktion einer kritischen Überprüfung und systematischen Stärkung bedarf. Es gilt insbesondere, die Themen Qualifizierung, Hilfeplanung und Schutzkonzepte zu fokussieren. Erforderlich sind praxisnahe und bedarfsgerechte Wissensbestände, eine Stärkung der professionellen Handlungskompetenz, die Weiterentwicklung organisationaler Strukturen sowie die Etablierung eigenständiger Qualitätsstandards. Das Verbundvorhaben „Fokus Jugendamt – Partizipativer Wissenstransfer zu Kooperation, Hilfeplanung und Schutzkonzepten im Kontext sexualisierte Gewalt (FokusJA)“ greift diese Desiderate mit einem Forschungs- und Transferansatz auf.
Pseudo-stem banana fiber as a potential low-cost adsorbent to remove methylene blue from synthetic wastewater
Authors: Rahman Md. Wasikur , Nipa Sumaya Tarannum , Rima Sarmin Zaman , Hasan Md. Mahmudul , Saha Raghunath , Halim Md. Abdul , Ali Yousuf , Deb Anjan
Published: September 2022

In this work, pseudo-stem banana (Musa acuminata) (PBF) fiber was utilized as a potential low-cost natural adsorbent to uptake methylene blue (MB) dye from synthetic wastewater by batch adsorption process. Different adsorption factors like contact time, pH, initial concentration, and adsorbent dosage were explored and found that the separation process is strongly pH dependent. Additionally, the adsorption data were fitted with various adsorption isotherms like Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radhushkevich models to detect the adsorption equilibrium phenomena. Reaction kinetics was inspected using pseudo-first-order and second-order kinetic models. Mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion analyses indicate the adsorption mechanism of the system described particularly in the context. Furthermore, scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were conducted to get the morphology and surface properties of the adsorbent, respectively. As a result, the as-prepared banana fiber can be proposed as a cheap suitable adsorbent to separate dyestuffs from industrial wastewater.
The German Federal Supreme Court’s Judgment in Booking.com as a Case Study of the Limitations of Competition Law
Authors: Beneke Avila Francisco E.
Published: September 2022

The German Federal Supreme Court (BGH) held that the use of narrow price parity clauses (NPCs) between Booking.com and hotels infringed Art. 101 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), confirming the Federal Cartel Office’s decision. The Supreme Court based its judgment mainly on the following grounds: (1) the use of these clauses restricts intra and inter-brand competition between hotels; (2) NPCs cannot be considered an ancillary restraint in the sense of Art. 101(1) TFEU; and (3) avoiding free-riding through these clauses cannot be considered as a justifying efficiency in the present case under Art. 101(3) TFEU. The present comment focuses on the analysis of the Court regarding (3) and argues that the reasoning in the judgment made conceptual mistakes and statements against settled EU law. The case shows the difficulties the Court had in handling a case where dynamic considerations are important. Therefore, even though the Court may have had valid concerns regarding NPCs, the judgment at hand is a step in the wrong direction regarding the judicial function of guidance of undertakings throughout the economy that wish to comply with competition law.
Il rischio cardiovascolare nel paziente con lesione surrenalica
Authors: Tucci Lorenzo , Di Dalmazi Guido
Published: September 2022

Sommario

Il riscontro di lesioni surrenaliche è in crescente aumento nella pratica clinica. Le lesioni surrenaliche secernenti (aldosterone, cortisolo o catecolamine) si associano a un elevato rischio di comorbidità ed eventi cardiovascolari rispetto alle lesioni non secernenti e alla popolazione generale, con quadri clinici sostanzialmente diversi in accordo al tipo di secrezione ormonale. Questa rassegna riassume le principali problematiche cardiovascolari nelle lesioni surrenaliche benigne.
Fusing depth local dual-view features and dual-input transformer framework for improving the recognition ability of motion artifact-contaminated electrocardiogram
Authors: Yuan Shuaiying , He Ziyang , Zhao Jianhui , Yuan Zhiyong
Published: September 2022

Heart health monitoring based on wearable devices is often contaminated by various noises to varying degrees. Using signal quality indicators (SQIs) to achieve signal quality assessment (SQA) is among the most promising ways to solve this problem, but the performance of SQIs in expressing ECG quality features contaminated by motion artifact (MA) noise remains disappointing. Here, we present a novel SQA method that fuses the proposed depth local dual-view (DLDV) features and the dual-input transformer (DI-Transformer) framework to improve the recognition ability of MA-contaminated ECGs. The proposed DLDV features are to identify subtle differences between MA and ECG through depth local amplitude and phase angle features. When it fuses with the temporal relationship features extracted by DI-Transformer, its accuracy is significantly improved compared to the SQIs-based methods. In addition, we also verify the robustness and the accuracy of DLDV features on four traditional classifiers. Finally, we conduct our experiments on the two datasets. On the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge dataset, the DLDV features (Acc = 95.49%) outperform the combination of six SQIs features (Acc = 91.26%). When combined with our DI-Transformer, it delivered an accuracy of 99.62%, outperforming the state-of-the-art SQA methods. On the artificial testset constructed by MA noise, our DI-Transformer outperforms four traditional methods and also delivered an accuracy of 97.69%.
Cushing’s syndrome: a combined treatment with etomidate and osilodrostat in severe life-threatening hypercortisolemia
Authors: Dzialach Lukasz , Sobolewska Joanna , Respondek Wioleta , Wojciechowska-Luzniak Agnieszka , Witek Przemyslaw
Published: September 2022

Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and initiation of therapy are essential, but effective treatment remains a challenge. In a long-term follow-up, biochemical control of hypercortisolemia, especially when severe, is difficult to achieve. Life-threatening hypercortisolemia is difficult to control due to the limitations of pharmacotherapy, including its side effects, and may require etomidate infusion in the intensive care unit (ICU) to rapidly lower cortisol levels. The effectiveness of hypercortisolemia management can be increased by a dual blockade of cortisol production. We report the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of combined therapy with two steroidogenesis inhibitors, etomidate, and osilodrostat, in a 32-year-old woman diagnosed with severe ACTH-dependent hypercortisolemia, subsequently maintaining a stable level of cortisol with osilodrostat monotherapy. This approach enabled achievement of relatively rapid control of the hypercortisolemia while using an etomidate infusion and concomitant increasing doses of oral osilodrostat applying a “titrations strategy.” Our experience shows that it is worth taking advantage of the synergistic anticortisolic action of etomidate with osilodrostat.
Song authorship attribution: a lyrics and rhyme based approach
Authors: Yılmaz Tunç , Scheffler Tatjana
Published: September 2022

In this work, we apply authorship attribution to a large-scale corpus of song lyrics. As a sub-category of poetry, song lyrics embody cultural elements as well as stylistic attributes that are not present in prose. We draw attention to special characteristics such as repetitive sound patterns and rhyme based structures in lyrics that can be key to ownership, and present opportunities that cannot be employed for authorship attribution of other types of text such as tweets, emails, and blog posts. We first create a new balanced, large-scale data set of 12,000 song lyrics from 120 different artists. We propose CNN models for authorship attribution on this song lyric data set, in order to use structural information included in the lyrics, similarly to image classification. We conduct experiments at the character and sub-word levels that mostly reflect positional information. In addition, we use phoneme level features, which intrinsically involve attributes such as repetitions, rhyme, and meter, and represent elements unique to verse-based textual compositions. We attempt to discover idiosyncratic features and consequently author and genre associations by working with variants of CNN architectures that have been successfully used in other text classification domains. Our architecture choice results in a particular focus on lyric attributes residing in neighboring regions, since CNNs fail to apprehend long term textual dependencies. Finally, we empirically evaluate our results in comparison with the findings of previous test classification research from different domains.
Effect of tricyclic 1,2-thiazine derivatives in neuroinflammation induced by preincubation with lipopolysaccharide or coculturing with microglia-like cells
Authors: Wiatrak Benita , Krzyżak Edward , Szczęśniak-Sięga Berenika , Szandruk-Bender Marta , Szeląg Adam , Nowak Beata
Published: September 2022

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered the most common cause of dementia among the elderly. One of the modifiable causes of AD is neuroinflammation. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of new tricyclic 1,2-thiazine derivatives on in vitro model of neuroinflammation and their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB).

Methods

The potential anti-inflammatory effect of new tricyclic 1,2-thiazine derivatives (TP1, TP4, TP5, TP6, TP7, TP8, TP9, TP10) was assessed in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated to the neuron-like phenotype incubated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (5 or 50 μg/ml) or THP-1 microglial cell culture supernatant using MTT, DCF-DA, Griess, and fast halo (FHA) assays. Additionally, for cultures preincubated with 50 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cyclooxygenase (COX) activity assay was performed. Finally, the potential ability of tested compounds to cross the BBB was evaluated by computational studies. Molecular docking was performed with the TLR4/MD-2 complex to assess the possibility of binding the tested compounds in the LPS binding pocket. Prediction of ADMET parameters (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) was also conducted.

Results

The unfavorable effect of LPS and co-culture with THP-1 cells on neuronal cell viability was counteracted with TP1 and TP4 in all tested concentrations. Tested compounds reduced the oxidative and nitrosative stress induced by both LPS and microglia activation and also reduced DNA damage. Furthermore, new derivatives inhibited total COX activity. Additionally, new compounds would cross the BBB with high probability and reach concentrations in the brain not lower than in the serum. The binding affinity at the TLR4/MD-2 complex binding site of TP4 and TP8 compounds is similar to that of the drug donepezil used in Alzheimer's disease. The ADMET analysis showed that the tested compounds should not be toxic and should show high intestinal absorption.

Conclusions

New tricyclic 1,2-thiazine derivatives exert a neuroregenerative effect in the neuroinflammation model, presumably via their inhibitory influence on COX activity and reduction of oxidative and nitrosative stress.
Mining Personalized Individual Semantics of Self-confidence Participants in Linguistic Group Decision-Making
Authors: Jing Limei , Chao Xiangrui
Published: September 2022

Words representing individual preferences in group decision-making (GDM) are always associated with different meanings. Consequently, mining personalized semantics of decision-makers (DMs) hidden in preference expressions, and establishing a corresponding management mechanism, is an effective way to reach group consensus through computing with word methodology. However, the aforementioned consensus-reaching process may be hindered by self-confidence. To address this limitation, this study proposes a linguistic group decision model with self-confidence behavior. First, we identified the corresponding self-confidence levels for each DM. Next, we integrated different linguistic representation models into unified linguistic distribution-based models. We then obtained individual personalized semantics based on a consistency-driven optimization method, and designed a feedback-adjustment mechanism to improve the adjustment willingness of DMs and group consensus level. Finally, we conducted a quantitative experiment to demonstrate our model’s effectiveness and feasibility.
How can augmented care experience (ACE) improve ACLR patient’s participation to web questionnaires
Authors: Dany Mouarbes  , Thomas Pierre , Reina Nicolas , Cavaignac Marie , Berard Emilie , Cavaignac Etienne
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background

Digital surveys are commonly used to collect PROMS but could lead to a biased sample due to low response rate. Augmented care experience (ACE) is a process of offering higher quality of care for patients undergoing an ACLR via a Web-based platform.

Hypothesis

ACE improve participation to follow-up questionnaires using a Web-based platform (Orthense ®)

Study design

Cohort Study.

Methods

101 patients scheduled for ACLR were divided in two groups: Control group (n = 50) in which patients were offered an Orthense® account to respond to 11 questionnaires post-operatively and a paper prescription of a cold knee brace (CKB) for post-operative cryotherapy; ACE group (n = 51), in addition to offering Orthense® account, the patients received in automated and digital process through their account a connection with a supplier who take in charge to send the CKB directly to their home without any additional charge. Age and sex, responses on total questionnaires, level of education, and satisfaction from the surgery at D+45 were collected.

Results

31.7% female and 68.3% male with an average age of 29 years old participated. Patients in ACE group responded significantly better with mean response rate of 80.75% vs 51.64% in control group (p < 0.001). Mean response rate to 11 questionnaires was 66.34% in all patients. Female and older patients were factors associated with higher response rate. There was no significant variation in response rate over the time in both groups.

Conclusion

ACE showed to be an effective strategy to increase patient’s participation to a Web-based follow-up platform.

Highlights
Unsteady mechanisms in shock wave and boundary layer interactions over a forward-facing step
Authors: Hu Weibo , Hickel Stefan , van Oudheusden Bas W.
Published: September 2022

The flow over a forward-facing step (FFS) at

$Ma_\infty =1.7$

and

$Re_{\delta _0}=1.3718\times 10^{4}$

is investigated by well-resolved large-eddy simulation. To investigate effects of upstream flow structures and turbulence on the low-frequency dynamics of the shock wave/boundary layer interaction (SWBLI), two cases are considered: one with a laminar inflow and one with a turbulent inflow. The laminar inflow case shows signs of a rapid transition to turbulence upstream of the step, as inferred from the streamwise variation of

$\langle C_f \rangle$

and the evolution of the coherent vortical structures. Nevertheless, the separation length is more than twice as large for the laminar inflow case, and the coalescence of compression waves into a separation shock is observed only for the fully turbulent inflow case. The dynamics at low and medium frequencies is characterized by a spectral analysis, where the lower frequency range is related to the unsteady separation region, and the intermediate one is associated with the shedding of shear layer vortices. For the turbulent inflow case, we furthermore use a three-dimensional dynamic mode decomposition to analyse the individual contributions of selected modes to the unsteadiness of the SWBLI. The separation shock and Görtler-like vortices, which are induced by the centrifugal forces in the separation region, are strongly correlated with the low-frequency unsteadiness in the current FFS case. Similarly as observed previously for the backward-facing steps, we observe a slightly higher non-dimensional frequency (based on the separation length) of the low-frequency mode than for SWBLI in flat plate and ramp configurations.
Jeenay bhi do yaaron: reimagining architectural pedagogy and practice in India, 1990–2020
Authors: Lall Ashok
Published: September 2022

At the Cambridge University Department of Fine Art and Architecture, we were brought up in a tradition of architecture in which the architect was the designer of cultural artefacts. Imagination, here, was aligned to the histories and philosophies of European art and aesthetics, leading up to the ‘modern’ age. It was also concerned, primarily, with the language and expression of philosophic positions and values through form and space of buildings. At the Architectural Association, which I joined after completing my degree at Cambridge, the architect was to be a strategist exploring the systemic possibilities concerning what purposes buildings serve in a changing, dynamic world. This was aligned to systems theory and computer sciences, and the potential of new materials and technologies. And at the Tropical Studies Department, which ran a postgraduate course that evolved into the Development Planning Unit at UCL, the strategist architect or planner was to place herself as an expert of the built environment in the service of the challenging tasks of social and economic development in the developing world.
Indian temple architecture and modernity: practices, knowledge production, methodologies
Authors: Inglis Megha Chand , Branfoot Crispin
Published: September 2022

Modernity is easy to inhabit but difficult to define. If modernity is to be a definable, delimited concept, we must identify some people or practices or concepts as nonmodern.
Phase Separation in Liposomes Determined by Ergosterol and Classified Using Machine Learning
Authors: Yoda Tsuyoshi
Published: September 2022

Recent studies indicated that ergosterol (Erg) helps form strongly ordered lipid domains in membranes that depend on their chemical characters. However, direct evidence of concentration-dependent interaction of Erg with lipid membranes has not been reported. We studied the Erg concentration-dependent changes in the phase behaviors of membranes using cell-sized liposomes containing 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC)/1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC). We observed the concentration range of phase separation in ternary membranes was significantly wider when Erg rather than cholesterol (Chol) was used as the sterol component. We used machine learning for the first time to analyze microscopic images of cell-sized liposomes and identify phase-separated structures. The automated method was successful in identifying homogeneous membranes but performance remained data-limited for the identification of phase separation domains characterized by more complex features.
Post-Northian institutional economics: a research agenda for cognitive institutions
Authors: Frolov Daniil
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses a research agenda for post-Northian institutional economics, which focuses on economic cognitive institutions and minds–institutions interactions. Douglass North introduced the ‘shared mental models’ and ‘shared beliefs’ concepts, which were considered the cutting edge of cognitive science at that time, the so-called first wave of extended mind theory. Subsequently, two more waves arose, but they went unnoticed by institutional economists who mostly continue to use internalist and reductionist approaches to cognition. Post-Northian institutional economics offers a deeper understanding of the relationship between cognition and institutions in the spirit of third-wave extended mind theory. The research agenda emphasizes a focus on socially extended cognition and the conception of cognitive institutions as shared mental processes (Petracca and Gallagher, 2020). I propose an alternative definition of cognitive institutions as interactively and polycentrically co-produced cognitive norms; this approach highlights normativity, co-production, and distributed active agency in extended cognitive processes. I propose two domains in which this third-wave framework can be used: ecological rationality and cognitive–cultural niche construction. This paper encourages a discussion on the prospects of a third-wave enactivist turn in institutional economics.
Connected Creativity
Authors: Martin Clare , Sowden Paul T. , Warren Frances
Published: September 2022

Abstract. With more than 60% of the world’s population online, how does our rapidly evolving digital world impact creative processes and outcomes? On the one hand, there is the promise of the shared knowledge and ideas of humanity, readily available at our fingertips, providing numerous starting points from which to develop new ideas. On the other hand, we may be overwhelmed by the volume of information, struggle to find and identify quality information to form the basis of a creative thinking process, and instead fall back on common, accepted ideas. Throughout this article, we place creators and creating in the ubiquitous situated context of searching the World Wide Web (i.e., the Web) and consider the implications for a range of everyday creative thinking processes. Research in this area is surprisingly limited, and a number of suggestions are made to take this area forward as the Web becomes an ever-expanding part of our cognitive ecology.
Immersive Virtual Environments’ Impact on Individual and	Collective Creativity
Authors: Bourgeois-Bougrine Samira , Bonnardel Nathalie , Burkhardt Jean-Marie , Thornhill-Miller Branden , Pahlavan Farzaneh , Buisine Stéphanie , Guegan Jérôme , Pichot Nicolas , Lubart Todd
Published: September 2022

Abstract. This paper explores the recent advances in research concerning the impact of immersive virtual environments affordances on the expression of users’ creativity at individual and team levels. While the top virtual reality (VR) application areas are entertainment and gaming, simulation and training for professionals, research in the domain of the psychology of creativity and VR is advancing rapidly in Europe. Indeed, between 2014 and 2021, 72% of publications in this domain resulted from European research in diverse fields such as engineering, design, music composition, art-making, and so forth. These studies took advantage of advanced VR affordances, such as head and hand motion trackers to synchronize an avatar in real-time, live streaming of a video into a VR headset screen to create artwork, etc. Four main topics were explored: (a) new creativity techniques involving a virtual upgrade of traditionally used techniques, virtual sketching and prototyping, as well as sophisticated interactive virtual menus and motion tracking systems, (b) the right digital self-representation for enhancing creativity and the degree to which users identify with the “persona avatar” in the context of user-centered innovations, (c) the impact of physical and social virtual contextual cues on creative performance, and (d) the perception of virtual reality by creativity and innovation professionals. Our review confirms that VR supports greater creative performance at individual and collaborative levels as well as enjoyment and fun. However, as rich and varied as this literature has become, it presents major methodological limitations that should be addressed in future research.
On the Relation Between Auroral Morphologies and Compression Conditions of Jupiter's Magnetopause: Observations From Juno and the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Yao Z. H. , Bonfond B. , Grodent D. , Chané E. , Dunn W. R. , Kurth W. S. , Connerney J. E. P. , Nichols J. D. , Palmaerts B. , Guo R. L. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Mauk B. H. , Kimura T. , Bolton S. J.
Published: September 2022

Jupiter displays the most powerful auroral emissions in our solar system, which result from strong energy dissipation in Jupiter's surrounding space environment. Although mass and energy in Jupiter's magnetosphere mostly come from the innermost Galilean moon Io's volcanic activity and Jupiter's rotation, solar wind perturbations can play crucial roles in releasing magnetospheric energy. The systematic response of the aurora to a solar wind compression remains poorly understood because of timing uncertainties. Here we report the analysis of a set of auroral images from the Hubble Space Telescope with contemporaneous in situ magnetopause detections from Juno, allowing for a more direct comparison. By analyzing the dawn side main auroral emission, we distinguish two non‐mutually exclusive types of auroral enhancements: auroral dawn storm (ADS) featured with latitudinal extension in limited longitudes, and a long‐lasting main auroral brightening with limited extension in latitudes while extending over a large longitude range. Only the latter systematically appears under a compressed magnetopause, while the dawn storms could occur whatever the state of the magnetopause. The results could provide important constraints to improve theoretical models and numerical simulations. During expanded magnetopause conditions, Jupiter's aurora displayed either quiet or dawn storm morphology. The result is consistent with recent discovery of the initiation of ADSs in midnight and post‐midnight, possibly driven by magnetic reconnection plasma instabilities in night magnetotail. Our results show that some typical auroral morphologies could be used as a diagnostic of solar wind conditions at Jupiter.
The Relationship Between Submarine Melt and Subglacial Discharge From Observations at a Tidewater Glacier
Authors: Jackson Rebecca H. , Motyka Roman J. , Amundson Jason M. , Abib Nicole , Sutherland David A. , Nash Jonathan D. , Kienholz Christian
Published: September 2022

At tidewater glacier termini, ocean‐glacier interactions hinge on two sources of freshwater—submarine melt and subglacial discharge—yet these freshwater fluxes are often unconstrained in their magnitude, seasonality, and relationship. With measurements of ocean velocity, temperature and salinity, fjord budgets can be evaluated to partition the freshwater flux into submarine melt and subglacial discharge. We apply these methods to calculate the freshwater fluxes at LeConte Glacier, Alaska, across a wide range of oceanic and atmospheric conditions during six surveys in 2016–2018. We compare these ocean‐derived fluxes with an estimate of subglacial discharge from a surface mass balance model and with estimates of submarine melt from multibeam sonar and autonomous kayaks, finding relatively good agreement between these independent estimates. Across spring, summer, and fall, the relationship between subglacial discharge and submarine melt follows a scaling law predicted by standard theory (melt ∼ discharge1/3), although the total magnitude of melt is an order of magnitude larger than theoretical estimates. Subglacial discharge is the dominant driver of variability in melt, while the dependence of melt on fjord properties is not discernible. A comparison of oceanic budgets with glacier records indicates that submarine melt removes 33%–49% of the ice flux into the terminus across spring, summer, and fall periods. Thus, melt is a significant component of the glacier's mass balance, and we find that melt correlates with seasonal retreat; however, melt does not appear to directly amplify calving.
Effects of High‐Density Gradients on Wildland Fire Behavior in Coupled Atmosphere‐Fire Simulations
Authors: Costes Aurélien , Rodier Quentin , Masson Valéry , Lac Christine , Rochoux Mélanie C.
Published: September 2022

Coupled atmosphere‐fire modeling is recognized as a relevant approach for the representation of the interaction between a wildland fire and local meteorology at landscape scales. The atmospheric model component used in the coupled system is based on several approximations, which are adopted for computational efficiency or physical processes representation, including the widely used anelastic approximation. The validity domain of the anelastic approximation may be questioned in the context of high‐resolution wildland fire modeling due to the large fire‐induced heat releases near the surface. This study aims to study this question with the MesoNH anelastic model coupled with the Blaze fire model. A compressible version of the MesoNH‐Blaze coupled model has been developed for comparison with the anelastic system. The FireFlux I experimental fire is used for this comparative study conducted at a 10‐m and a 25‐m horizontal atmospheric resolution. Results show significant anelastic/compressible differences at a 10‐m resolution on the physical processes occurring near the fire with higher horizontal velocities and the presence of gravity waves downstream of the fire. This is in addition to the fire plume with realistic larger vertical velocities. Differences at a 25‐m resolution are much smaller in all evaluated processes. The compressible system only enriches the physics underlying fire‐atmosphere interactions at a very high resolution, which means that the anelastic approximation remains relevant for large‐scale coupled atmosphere‐fire simulations, considering the significant economy concerning numerical costs.
On the Relevance of Aerosols to Snow Cover Variability Over High Mountain Asia
Authors: Roychoudhury Chayan , He Cenlin , Kumar Rajesh , McKinnon John M. , Arellano Avelino F.
Published: September 2022

While meteorology and aerosols are identified as key drivers of snow cover (SC) variability in High Mountain Asia, complex non‐linear interactions between them are not adequately quantified. Here, we attempt to unravel these interactions through a simple relative importance (RI) analysis of meteorological and aerosol variables from ERA5/CAMS‐EAC4 reanalysis against satellite‐derived SC from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer across 2003–2018. Our results show a statistically significant 7% rise in the RI of aerosol‐meteorology interactions (AMI) in modulating SC during late snowmelt season (June and July), notably over low snow‐covered (LSC) regions. Sensitivity tests further reveal that the importance of meteorological interactions with individual aerosol species are more prominent than total aerosols over LSC regions. We find that the RI of AMI for LSC regions is clearly dominated by carbonaceous aerosols, on top of the expected importance of dynamic meteorology. These findings clearly highlight the need to consider AMI in hydrometeorological monitoring, modeling, and reanalyses.
The Influence of Grain Size Distribution on Laboratory‐Generated Volcanic Lightning
Authors: Springsklee C. , Scheu B. , Manga M. , Cigala V. , Cimarelli C. , Dingwell D. B.
Published: September 2022

Over the last decades, remote observation tools and models have been developed to improve the forecasting of ash‐rich volcanic plumes. One challenge in these forecasts is knowing the properties at the vent, including the mass eruption rate and grain size distribution (GSD). Volcanic lightning is a common feature of explosive eruptions with high mass eruption rates of fine particles. The GSD is expected to play a major role in generating lightning in the gas thrust region via triboelectrification. Here, we experimentally investigate the electrical discharges of volcanic ash as a function of varying GSD. We employ two natural materials, a phonolitic pumice and a tholeiitic basalt (TB), and one synthetic material (soda‐lime glass beads [GB]). For each of the three materials, coarse and fine grain size fractions with known GSDs are mixed, and the particle mixture is subjected to rapid decompression. The experiments are observed using a high‐speed camera to track particle‐gas dispersion dynamics during the experiments. A Faraday cage is used to count the number and measure the magnitude of electrical discharge events. Although quite different in chemical composition, TB and GB show similar vent dynamics and lightning properties. The phonolitic pumice displays significantly different ejection dynamics and a significant reduction in lightning generation. We conclude that particle‐gas coupling during an eruption, which in turn depends on the GSD and bulk density, plays a major role in defining the generation of lightning. The presence of fines, a broad GSD, and dense particles all promote lightning.
Spatial Structure of Vertical Motions and Associated Heat Flux Induced by Mesoscale Eddies in the Upper Kuroshio‐Oyashio Extension
Authors: Qu Yushan , Wang Shengpeng , Jing Zhao , Wang Hong , Wu Lixin
Published: September 2022

Vertical motions induced by mesoscale eddies in the upper ocean play a vital role in the heat transport over the global ocean. However, the spatial structure of vertical eddy velocity and associated heat flux remains unclear. This study addresses this issue in the Kuroshio‐Oyashio Extension based on an eddy‐rich Community Earth System Model simulation. Adopting a mesoscale eddy composite analysis, we show that the vertical eddy velocity is enhanced at edges of mesoscale eddies with a maximum magnitude of 0.8 m day−1 in the upper ocean for anticyclonic eddies (AEs) and 0.5 m day−1 for cyclonic eddies (CEs). The associated vertical heat flux is upward, reaching 52 and 32 W m−2 along AEs' and CEs' periphery, respectively. Diagnostic analysis suggests that the enhanced vertical eddy motions at eddy edges are primarily attributed to the ageostrophic secondary circulation (ASC) under the turbulent thermal wind balance that accounts for more than 70% of the vertical eddy velocity and 80% of vertical eddy heat flux in the upper ocean. This ASC is stronger in winter than summer due to the intense turbulent mixing induced by strong surface cooling and wind stirring in winter. Accordingly, the vertical eddy velocity and associated heat flux exhibit a distinct seasonal cycle.
The Persistence and Reemergence of Atmospheric Anomaly Signals in Soil Temperature
Authors: Song Yaoming , Huang Anning , Chen Haishan
Published: September 2022

The anomalies of soil temperature (ST) in shallow soil are potential signals for both weather forecast and climate prediction. Results show atmospheric anomaly signals can persist from zero to several months in the form of ST anomalies in shallow soil, and the persistence of ST anomalies caused by atmospheric anomalies in different months is significantly different. ST anomalies in shallow soil caused by air temperature can persist for longer time than those caused by precipitation. The decrease in instantaneous precipitation and air temperature leads to the weakening of atmosphere interference with ST anomaly persistence, which enhances the persistence of ST anomalies caused by initial air temperature anomalies. Moreover, the reemergence of ST anomalies in shallow soil from air temperature is a more common phenomenon than one from precipitation. ST anomaly reemergence may be caused by two processes. Freeze‐thaw process is one of the processes, and it has been confirmed in both observations and simulations. Another may be related to the changes of the vertical distributions of hydraulic and thermal conductivities due to the changes in air temperature and precipitation when the climate shifts from warm‐wet to cold‐dry. However, the reemergence of ST anomalies only occurs in the simulations where freeze‐thaw processes exist using the Community Land Model 4.5 (CLM4.5). The persistence and reemergence of observed ST anomalies are not fully captured in numerical simulations using CLM4.5, which requires further research to improve the simulation performance of numerical models.