bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intermittent administration sodium valproate has a protective effect on bone health in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Tao Zhoushan
Published: August 2021

Objective: the present work was aimed to evaluate the effect of different administration modes of sodium valproate(VPA) on bone strength, bone mass and bone mineral density in ovariectomized(OVX) rats and further investigation of the possible mechanism. Methods: 60 female SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Sham group (Sham, n=15), OVX group (OVX, n=15), OVX rats received intermittent VPA treatment group(IVPA, n=15) and OVX rats received daily VPA treatment group(EVPA, n=15). After 12 weeks of treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and serum and femur samples were harvested. DEXA, Micro-CT, histology, biomechanical testing, biochemical index and western blot analysis were used to observe the therapeutic effect and explore the possible mechanism. Results: Micro-CT and DEXA analysis of bones revealed better BMD and higher BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, Conn. D and lower Tb.Sp at femoral metaphysis with evaluated in IVPA when compared with OVX and EVPA group(P＜0.05). Histological, fluorescent analysis and biological strength revealed more trabecular bone and higher relative mineral apposition rate, maximal load, elastic modulus and energy at break with evaluated in IVPA when compared with OVX and EVPA group(P＜0.05). The levels of P1NP, estrogen, CTX, TRAP5b and RANKL of IVPA group showed a significant increase when compared with the OVX and EVPA group(P＜0.05). We confirm adverse effects on protein expressions including Notch1, Jagged1, HEY1, Wnt 1, β‐catenin and RUNX2 following daily VPA treatment in OVX female rats. Conclusions: Our current study demonstrated that intermittent administration sodium valproate has a protective effect on bone health in ovariectomized rats and these effects may be achieved by activating Notch/Wnt/β-catenin/ RUNX2 signal axis.
The Effect of Palliative Care And Training On The Quality of Life of Terminal Stage Cancer Patients And Their Caregivers
Authors: Çalık Kıymet Yeşilçiçek , Küçük Ebru , Halimoğlu Büşra
Published: August 2021

Purpose The study aims to determine the effect of palliative care and training provided to caregivers of hospitalized patients with terminal cancer theoretically, practically and visually on their own and patients’ quality of life.Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted at a palliative care unit in Turkey between January and June 2019. The study included 35 hospitalized patients with cancer and 35 caregivers. Caregivers were provided with palliative care and training three times a week apart. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Friedman test and iterative analysis of variance.Results After the palliative care and training, there was an increase in cancer patients’ emotional function sub-scale and global health and decrease in their fatigue and nausea-vomiting symptoms (p<0.05). The mean scores of caregivers from role difficulty, pain, vitality, social function, emotional and mental health sub-scales were high (positively) (p<0.001).Conclusions Palliative care and training have a positive effect on caregiver burden and recovery in some quality of life sub-scales of both patients and caregivers.
Risk Factors of Early Postoperative Bowel Obstruction for Patients Undergoing Selective Colorectal Surgeries
Authors: Yang Shuguang , Gao Zhidong , Zhao Huiying , An Youzhong , Yang Jianghui , Zhang Hua , Bao Yudi , Ye Yingjiang
Published: August 2021

Objective: Postoperative bowel obstruction was one of the most severe complications in patients received colorectal surgeries. The aim of this study was to explore risk factors of early postoperative obstruction and to construct a nomogram to predict the possibility of occurrence. Methods: The records of 1437 patients who underwent selective colorectal surgery in Peking University People’s Hospital from 2015 to 2020 was retrospectively collect. Risk factors of early postoperative bowel obstruction were identified by logistic regression analysis and a nomogram was then constructed. Bootstrap was applied to verify the stability of the model. Results: COPD, hypothyroidism, probiotic indications, duration of antibiotics, and time to postoperative feeding were identified as independent risk factors and were put into a nomogram for predicting early postoperative bowel obstruction. The nomogram showed a robust discrimination, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.894 and was well calibrated. Conclusion: A nomogram including independent risk factors of COPD, hypothyroidism, probiotic indications, duration of antibiotics, and time to postoperative feeding were established to predict the risk of early postoperative bowel obstruction.
Effectiveness of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy With Instillation and Dwelling After Stoma Closure: A Retrospective and Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Yane Yoshinori , Hida Jin-ichi , Chiba Yasutaka , Makutani Yusuke , Ushijima Hokuto , Yoshioka Yasumasa , Iwamoto Masayoshi , Wada Toshiaki , Daito Koji , Tokoro Tadao , Ueda Kazuki , Kawamura Junichiro
Published: August 2021

The use of temporary diverting stoma has become more common in low colorectal anastomosis to reduce anastomotic complications. Surgical site infection (SSI) at the stoma closure site has been one of the most frequent postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to compare the short-term outcomes between conventional primary suture closure and negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwelling (NPWTi-d) therapy following purse-string suturing, using propensity score matching analysis. We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 107 patients who underwent stoma closure between January 2016 and October 2020. The primary outcome was the proportion of SSI. The secondary outcome was the day of postoperative length of stay. Propensity score matching with one-to-one match was performed for reducing treatment selection bias. Of a total of 107 patients, 67 patients had been treated with conventional primary closure and 40 with NPWTi-d therapy. The propensity score matching derived 37 pairs. The respective SSI proportions were 0% and 16.2% in the groups with NPWTi-d and primary closure (P=0.025). The respective median days of postoperative hospital stay were 9.0 and 10.0 in the groups with NPWTi-d and primary closure (P=0.453). NPWTi-d therapy with purse-string suturing was effective in reducing SSI after stoma closure.
RETRACTED: Solar Energy and CO2 Emissions: CCEMG Estimations for 26 Countries
Authors: Güney Taner , Ince Duygu
Published: August 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
An Integrated Analysis of The Prognosis And Immune Cell Infiltration of ITGB Superfamily Members In Gastric Cancer
Authors: Li Chuan-hong , Meng Lei , Chen Zhang-ming , Sui Wan-nian , Chen Pei-feng , Lin Ming-gui , Ying Song-cheng , Han Wen-xiu
Published: August 2021

Background:Members of the integrin β superfamily(ITGBs) have been shown to be aberrantly expressed in various human cancers and involved in tumorigenesis and progression. However, the diverse expression patterns and prognostic values of the entire ITGB family members in gastric cancer(GC) has not been systematically investigated.Methods:In the current study, Oncomine, GEPIA, Kaplan Meier plotter, TIMER, GeneMANIA, STRING and Metascape database were employed to explore the transcriptional and survival data of ITGB superfamily members in GC. Moreover, we confirmed the mRNA expression levels of ITGB superfamily members in GC cell lines by qRT-PCR.Results:The mRNA expression level of ITGB1/2/4/5/8 was upregulated in GC, while the expression level of ITGB7 was downregulated. Higher expression of ITGB2/7 was significantly associated with the tumor stage of patients with GC. However, we found that the expression level of ITGB1/2/4/5/6/7/8 was remarkably increased in GC cell lines compared to stomach normal cell lines, while ITGB3 expression was decreased in the former than in the latter. Meanwhile,higher expression levels of ITGB2/6/7 were closely correlated with better overall clinical survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in GC patients, while higher ITGB3/4/5 expression were strongly associated with poorer OS and RFS.We also discovered that the functions of ITGBs and their adjacent genes are mainly related to protein complexes involved in cell adhesion. the functions of ITGBs and their adjacent proteins are mainly related to focal adhesion, cell adhesion molecules, proteoglycans in cancer, small cell lung cancer, rap1 signaling pathway, IgA production by intestinal immune network, and microRNAs in cancer.In addition, the expression of ITGBs was significantly correlated with the infiltration of multiple immune cells, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells.Conclusions:Our results suggested that abnormal expression of ITGBs plays a key role in the progression of GC and that ITGBs may be potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GC.
Microspheres and Nanorods Produced in the Dissolution of Mildly Carboxylated Cellulose Fibers in Alkaline Solutions
Authors: Moradian Mohammadhadi , de Ven Theo G.M. G.M. van
Published: August 2021

A mild etherification of spruce kraft pulp was performed to introduce 1.3 and 2.5 mmol/g carboxyl groups on cellulose chains. 1.3 mmol/g carboxymethyl fibers (CMF) were dissolved partially in alkaline water to form balloons and collars on the tracheid and their ultra-structure was investigated. Primary wall, expanded S1, swollen S2, wrinkled S3, spiral bands of S1, parallel microfibrils of S2 and their transverse splitting were observed on swollen fibers. It is indicated that balloons, collars and wrinkled S3 were formed due to different cellulose microfibril features in different layers of tracheid cell wall. Microspheres with a size up to about 0.6 µm were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is shown that they originated from transverse splitting of S2 microfibrils and contain bundles of well-known cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). After homogenization and sonication of an aqueous dispersion of 2.5 mmol/g CMF, electroacoustic spectroscopy showed the presence of nanorods with a size distribution of 18-208 nm. Similar sizes were observed by TEM.
Investigating the existence of asymmetric Environment Kuznets Curve and Pollution-Haven Hypothesis in China: Fresh evidence from QARDL and Quantile Granger Causality
Authors: Akram Rabia , Fareed Zeeshan , Xiaoli Gan , Zulfiqar Bushra , Shahzad Farrukh
Published: August 2021

This study aims to analyze the asymmetric long-run relationship between economic growth (EG), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and carbon emissions (CO2) within the context of the Environment Kuznets curve (EKC) and the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) in China. Employing the quarterly data from 1982Q1 to 2018Q4, we have used novel techniques to meet the stated objectives of our study, named Quantile ARDL and quantile Granger causality. The significant implication of this method is that it provides locational asymmetry. We find strong evidence of the EKC and PHH for China based on the empirical results of linear and nonlinear ARDL models. Similarly, findings of quantile Granger causality validate the bidirectional relationship among all variables in upper and lower quantiles. Moreover, the results of the Wald test confirm the asymmetric long-run relationship between FDI and carbon emissions (CO2). This study will be conducive for the policymakers to combat environmental contamination concerning economic growth and FDI inflow in China.
Heterogeneous Analysis of Pollution Abatement via Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy: Lessons from Investment in G20 Nations
Authors: Ajide Kazeem Bello , Mesagan Ekundayo Peter
Published: August 2021

This study analyses the role of renewable and non-renewable energy in pollution reduction through the capital investment channel in G20 economies between 1990 and 2017. We consider cross-sectional dependence since the countries are heterogeneous and cross-sectionally dependent using the pooled mean group approach. Findings reveal that renewable energy negatively impacts carbon emissions in both the short- and long-run, while non-renewable energy positively affects carbon emissions in both the short- and long-run. Again, results show that capital investment lowers pollution in the short-run but increases it in the long-run. Lastly, we find that capital investment interacts with renewable energy to reduce pollution in both short- and long-run, while its interaction with non-renewable energy expands pollution in both short- and long-run. We, therefore, conclude that capital investment provides an important channel to reduce pollution in G20 nations and recommend that if energy consumption is to work through the capital investment channel to lower pollution in the G20, the proportion of renewable energy must increase relative to non-renewable energy in their energy mix.JEL Classification: Q41; Q42; Q53; F23; O50.
Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Confirms Four Independent Predictors of Survival In Ovarian Cancer Patients Under Optimal Debulking Surgery
Authors: Zhang Cong , Zhu Tao , Hu Ting , Sun Qian
Published: August 2021

Background: Serious ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the most common histological type of epithelial OvCa with poor prognosis. Despite received optimal cytoreduction and standard chemotherapy, a large proportion of patients are forced to recurrence or death within three years. To identify exact prognostic biomarkers associated with overall survival (OS) is urgent requirements of exploring rapid tumor progression mechanisms and developing novel strategies for immunotherapy.Methods: The gene expression profiles of GSE49997, GSE9891 and TCGA were screened through rigorous criteria using R software and Bioconductor package. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was constructed to figure out gene clusters associated with OS. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were built through STRING website. Prognostic values of potential biomarkers were validated using forest map and Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results: According to screening criteria, 788 samples and 10402 genes were reserved as the modeling dataset. We detected five modules related to OS and intersected 108 genes through WGCNA after random sampling. PPI network analysis, Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed potential mechanisms of above biomarkers. Conclusions: Four exact biomarkers (CANT1, P4HB, DUS1L and SIRT7) were confirmed as independent predictors of survival in OvCa patients with success of debulking surgery, which might provide promising biomarkers for prognostic judgement in ovarian cancer.
LINC01272 Activates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through miR-153-5p in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Fang Lin , Hu Mengcheng , Xia Fei , Bai wenxia
Published: August 2021

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have different functions in different diseases. There is seldom research on the functions of lncRNAs in Crohn’s disease (CD). By RNA-seq technology, we identify a lncRNA associated with Crohn's disease. However, the mechanism of lncRNA regulation remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the association of LINC01272 with epithelial cell-mesenchymal transition and the underlined mechanism in CD.Methods: RNA is detected by qRT-PCR. Interaction of protein and RNA was determined by RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation. Luciferase reporter assays were used to detect the targeted miRNA of LINC01272. Tissue fibrosis was observed by Masson and HE staining. The protein expression is determined by western blot and immunofluorescence. Results: LINC01272 was highly expressed in patients with CD. Knockdown of LINC01272 inhibited TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, LINC01272 regulated TGF-β1 induced EMT by miR-153-5p axis and knockdown of LINC01272 inhibited EMT in the CD mice in vivo. Conclusion: LINC01272 activated epithelial-mesenchymal transition through miR-153-5p in CD.
Carryover of a saddle-node bifurcation after transforming a parameter into a variable
Authors: Contreras Carlos , Carrero Gustavo , de Vries Gerda
Published: August 2021

In this article, we introduce and study the carryover of a saddle-node bifurcation, a concept that describes how a saddle-node bifurcation of a dynamical system is carried over into an extended dynamical system obtained by transforming one of the parameters of the original system into a variable. We show that additional transversality and singularity conditions are needed to guarantee the carryover of a saddle-node bifurcation and provide a graphical methodology with a two-parameter bifurcation diagram to verify that such conditions are met. The results are applied to a gene activation model when the parameter describing the signal for activation is transformed into a variable, and to a cell cycle regulatory model when the parameter describing the cell mass is transformed into a variable. In both cases, we show that a saddle-node bifurcation carryover takes place.
Exome Sequencing of Glioblastoma-Derived Cancer Stem Cells Reveals Rare Clinically Relevant Frameshift Deletion in MLLT1 Gene
Authors: Marei Hany , Althani Asmaa , Afifi Nahla , Hasan Anwarul , Caceci Thomas , Felsani Armando , Tringali Giuseppe , Pozzoli Giacomo , Cenciarelli Carlo
Published: August 2021

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a heterogeneous CNS neoplasm which causes significant morbidity and mortality. One reason for the poor prognostic outcome of GBM is attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) which confer resistance against standard chemo- and radiotherapeutics modalities. Two types of GBM-associated CSC were isolated from the same patient: tumor core- (c-CSC) and peritumor tissue-derived cancer stem cells (p-CSC).Methods: In the present study, potential differences in genetic variants between c-CSC versus p-CSC derived from four GBM patients were investigated with the aims of 1) comparing the exome sequences between all the c-CSC or p-CSC to identify the common variants; 2) identifying the variants affecting the function of genes known to be involved in cancer origin and development.Results: By comparative analyses, we identified common gene single nucleotide variants (SNV) in all GBM c-CSC and p-CSC, a potentially deleterious variant was a frameshift deletion at Gln461fs in the MLLT1 gene, that was encountered only in p-CSC samples with different allelic frequency.Conclusions: Our study supports the hypothesis that the varied genetic composition of GBM-associated c-CSC and p-CSC may be involved in different therapeutic responses or the recurrent nature of GBM.
Protective effects of theaflavins and epigallocatechin gallate against ZnO-NP-induced apoptosis in rat tracheal epithelial cells
Authors: Shan Xiaodong , Chen Feifei , Lin Huikang , Zhang Hangjun , Zhong Yuchi , Liu Zhiquan , Li Yan
Published: August 2021

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) can affect human health primarily via inhalation. This study evaluated the protective effects of theaflavins (TFs) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against ZnO-NP-induced cytotoxicity in rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells. After exposure to ZnO-NPs (100 µg/L), treatment with TFs and EGCG (10, 100 and 1000 µg/L) significantly inhibited the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Treatment also alleviated apoptosis induced by oxidative stress, which was achieved by inhibiting cytochrome C (CytoC) and Caspase 3/8/9 mRNA expression. Upon treatment with the highest concentrations of TFs and EGCG (1000 µg/L), CytoC gene expression was downregulated by 59.10% and 77.27%, Caspase 3 gene expression by 50.03% and 60.01%, Caspase 8 gene expression by 45.11% and 55.57%, and Caspase 9 gene expression by 51.33% and 66.67%. In addition, about the interleukin family as interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the other inflammatory chemokines like C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2), C-X-C motif chemokine 8 (CXCL8) were upregulated in RTE cells in the presence of ZnO-NPs. All factors were gradually rescued after the addition of TFs and EGCG. These results showed that TFs and EGCG could effectively protect RTE cells from oxidative damage induced by ZnO-NPs through antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects.
Corticosteroid Sparing Agents in Frequent Relapsing and Steroid Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome in Children: A Single Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Alabbasi Bashair , Abdulmajeed Naif , Alghamdi Abdulmonem , Alzahrani Saeed , Alghwery Saeed , Aloufi Majed
Published: August 2021

Background: Children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) or Steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) may be prescribed non-corticosteroid immunosuppressive agents whenever there is a failure to maintain remission with low-dose alternate-day prednisone and/or signiﬁcant adverse effects of prednisone develop. A wide variety of immunosuppressive agents have been used in these patients to reduce the number of relapses and maintain remission. Objective: to evaluate the outcome of Steroid sparing agents in the management of FRNS and SDNS in children with nephrotic syndrome. Patients and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on all steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) children (1-11 years) who received any type of second line agents (e.g. CNI, MMF, cyclophosphamide, and Rituximab) over a period of 9 years from January 2010 to January 2019 in pediatric nephrology unit in Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh. Results: The study included 24 patients. Their age at diagnosis ranged between 1 and 11 years with a mean of 3.8 years and standard deviation of (±) 2.6 years. During the first year of steroid therapy, relapse occurred among 87% of patients; of them, the number of relapses being 4 or more in 21.7%. Regarding indication for the second line of treatment, SDNS was the most frequent reported (60.9%), followed by FRNS (30.4%). Concerning agents used in the second line, MMF ranked first (58.4%), followed by Cyclophosphamide (33.3%). Number of relapses after starting steroid sparing agent was more than once among 41.7% of patients. Duration of remission after starting steroid sparing agent ranged between 2 and 72 months (14±14.1). Overall response to the second line of treatment was observed among majority of patients (91.7%). Renal biopsy was performed in 45.8% of patients. Concerning side effects of steroid sparing agents, electrolytes disturbances and hypertension were reported by two (8.3%) and one (4.2%) patients respectively. Duration of remission was significantly longer among patients treated with cyclosporine (48±33.9 months) compared to other lines of treatment, p<0.001. On the other hand, hypertension was only reported among patients treated with cyclosporine, p=0.003. Conclusion: The overall response of children with SDNS and FRNS to the second line agents was significant, with favorable longer remission free period with Cyclosporine use with no major side effects. Our results affected by the retrospective design of the study, as well as the small sample size. Therefore larger scale study with prospective design is highly encouraged.
Integrated Assessment of Urban Land Carrying Capacity (ULCC) for Reducing Earthquake Risk Risaster in Palu City
Authors: Erwindy Jossi , Asdak Chay , Suganda Bombom Rachmat , Hadian Mohamad Sapari Dwi
Published: August 2021

The land is a natural resource that has limitations to accommodate human activities. Rapid urban population growth, continuous expansion of urban scale, rapid socioeconomic development, and increased pressure on land resources between residents and urban land are monumental contradictions when urban planning does not match land carrying capacity. Assessing urban land carrying capacity is very important to evaluate and obtain an overview of the land capability level by classifying its capacity to be designed according to the area function; to get an overview of the potential and constraints of each land capability class, and to serve as a basis for future regional development. This research was conducted in Palu City, a national urban area in Indonesia. It has limited regional development because it is an area prone to high earthquake disasters. Developing the area requires assessing the land's carrying capacity, especially to minimize the risk of earthquake hazards. The assessment involves three stages of analysis, namely Mapping Earthquake-Prone Areas with Mapping of Earthquake-Prone Areas with seismic micro-zonation; Land Capability Assessment; and Comparative Analysis of Land Capability and City Planning of Palu 2030. This study's results indicate that 74.56% of Palu City is an earthquake-prone area, dominated by land capability classes type A to B, namely low to very low land capability classes (55.42%). Thus, there are physical limitations in urban development. However, suppose it is integrated with the spatial plan of Palu City until 2030. In that case, most (56.07%) are already in accordance with the carrying capacity of their land, especially in protected areas. However, land development still does not comply with their carrying capacity (35%) in cultivation areas with earthquakes. High and covering an area of 24% of the total area of Palu City requires special attention in the development of its area going forward. The requirement that land use plans that do not comply with their carrying capacity must be strictly controlled, especially in high disaster-prone areas.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on global prevalence of infectious diseases in backyard chicken in the recent two decades
Authors: Kannaki T. R. , Priyanka E. , Haunshi Santosh , Subbiah Madhuri
Published: August 2021

Backyard poultry is evolving as a fast-growing sector in recent times across the world. Apart from providing nutritional security, and livelihood to marginalized sector, also fulfils the demand for organic and welfare meat and eggs. However, the productivity is often challenged by incidences of diseases due to poor biosecurity and lack of vaccination. In this study, systematic review and meta-analysis were performed on the global prevalence of infectious diseases in backyard chickens. A total of 22 bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal diseases were reported from 55 publications between 2000 and 2020 worldwide. Viral diseases were the most reported followed by bacterial and parasitic diseases. 61 out of 91 studies from 55 publications investigated seven major diseases: Avian influenza (AI), Newcastle disease (ND), infectious bronchitis (IB), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), Mycoplasma synoviae (MS), Salmonella infection, and infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT). The overall pooled prevalence estimate for all the diseases worldwide was 33% (95% confidence interval (CI): 28–38). The pooled estimates for most reported viral diseases AI and ND were 12.5% (95% CI: 7–18) and 30% CI: 19–43), respectively. IBD (71% CI: 13–100), MS (76% CI: 67–85) and helminth infestations (72% CI: 44–93) were the highly prevalent diseases among viral, bacterial and parasitic infections, respectively. The continent wise pooled prevalence ranged from 17–32%. The present results will help in devising the best possible strategies to minimize the disease risk for commercial poultry and humans as well as for improving the productivity of backyard poultry farming.
The Persistent Association Between Exposure to Intimate Partner Physical Violence and Current Cigarette Smoking Among Women in Papua New Guinea: A Modified Poisson Regression Analysis
Authors: Peprah Prince , Asare Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah , Agyemang-Duah Williams , Puri Parul , Ogundare Deborah Odunayo , Vishwakarma Deepanjali , Annan-Aidoo Gertrude Nancy
Published: August 2021

Background: Intimate partner physical violence (IPPV) is a preventable public health threat associated with health deteriorating lifestyles such as cigarette smoking. However, limited research has focused on the association between IPPV and cigarette smoking among women in unions in low-and middle-income countries like Papua New Guinea (PNG). The aim of this study was to examine the association between IPPV and current cigarette smoking using a nationally representative sample. Methods: We utilized 2016-2018 PNG Demographic and Health Survey data of 9,943 women aged 15-49 years who were in intimate unions. We estimated the direct risk of smoking cigarette using modified Poisson regression models with a robust variance relative risk and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of cigarette smoking. Results: Among the total participants, the prevalence of IPPV was 52.4% and smoking cigarette in the last 24 hours was 25.1%. The modified Poisson regression results indicated a robust and persistent association between IPPV and cigarette smoking among women in unions both in the absence and presence of covariates. The risk of smoking cigarette was significantly elevated among those who reported a history of IPPV relative to their counterparts with no physical violence history (IRR: 1.35, 95%CI: 1.20-1.52) in the absence of covariates. After controlling for demographic, social and economic variables, the association between IPPV and cigarette smoking persisted (IRR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.08-1.41). Conclusions: The present study provides strong evidence to indicate a robust and persistent association between IPPV and current cigarette smoking among women in unions. Interventions aimed at addressing IPPV among women in unions in PNG to reduce the increased risk of cigarette smoking are needed.
Delayed interval BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination provides robust immunity
Authors: Hall Victoria , Ferreira Victor , Ierullo Matthew , Ku Terrance , Majchrzak-Kita Beata , Kulasingam Vathany , Humar Atul , Kumar Deepali
Published: August 2021

Shortages of COVID-19 vaccines have results in delayed dosing intervals as a strategy to immunize a greater proportion of the population. The effect of this strategy on vaccine immunogenicity is not well studied. Humoral (anti-RBD levels and neutralization) and cellular immune responses were compared in health care workers receiving two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines at standard (3-6 week) and delayed (8-12 week) intervals. In the delayed group, anti-RBD antibody titres were significantly enhanced compared to the standard interval group. Neutralizing antibody responses were excellent and comparable in both groups. A slight decrease in Spike-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T-cells expressing interferon-γ and IL-2 as well as monofunctional CD4+ T-cells was seen in the delayed group. Both polyfunctional and monofunctional CD8+ T-cell responses were comparable. Our data suggest that the strategy of delayed second dose mRNA vaccination is not overtly detrimental, and specifically may lead to an enhanced humoral immune response.
Detection of Staphylococcus Aureus and Their Toxin Genes Inhabit On The Scorpions Surface
Authors: Moradikian Mehdi , Shayestehfar Alireza , Komijani Majid
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

The transmission of infectious agents by arthropods is of particular importance. Every year, many people are bitten by scorpions around the world. Staphylococcus aureus is of the most important infectious bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of S. aureus in scorpion specimens and the presence of some toxin genes in these species.
Methods

The fauna of scorpions in the Kuhdasht region was studied for one year. Then, S. aureus was identified on the body surface of scorpions by biochemical and molecular methods, and the presence of Sea, Seb, Sec, Sed, See, Pvl, Tsst1, Eta, Etb, and mecA genes was examined by the PCR method. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined by the antibiogram method. MRSA isolates were identified using genotypic and phenotypic methods.
Results

Of 75 studied scorpion specimens, Hottentotta saulcyi was the most abundant species. Sixteen (21.3%) isolates of S. aureus were identified from all samples. The highest and lowest antibiotic resistance levels belonged to penicillin and clindamycin, respectively. MRSA was observed in 50% of the isolates. Thirteen out of 16 isolates possessed at least one of the toxin genes.
Discussion

Due to the presence of S. aureus on the body surface of scorpions, it should always be expected that an infection may occur after the bite. Moreover, the presence of toxin genes in the studied isolates showed that infection with these bacteria would seriously threaten one's health.
The Sulfotransferase SULT1C2 is Epigenetically Activated and Transcriptionally Induced by Tobacco Exposure and is Associated with Patient Outcome in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Johnson Candace , Mullen Daniel J. , Selamat Suhaida A. , Campan Mihaela , Offringa Ite A. , Marconett Crystal N.
Published: August 2021

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Tobacco exposure is associated with 80–90% of lung cancer cases. The SULT1C2 sulfotransferase modifies xenobiotic compounds to enhance secretion but can also render these compounds carcinogenic. To determine if SULT1C2 contributes to tobacco-related carcinogenesis in the lung, we analyzed the expression and epigenetic state of SULT1C2 in human patients in relation to smoking history as well as lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell lines exposed to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). SULT1C2 expression was significantly positively correlated to overall LUAD patient survival in smokers, was elevated in LUAD tumors, and was significantly correlated with levels of patient exposure to tobacco smoke. SULT1C2 promoter DNA methylation was inversely correlated with expression in LUAD and hypomethylation of the SULT1C2 promoter was observed in Asian patients, as compared to Caucasians. In vitro analysis of LUAD cell lines indicates that CSC stimulates expression of SULT1C2 in a dose-dependent and cell-line specific manner. In vitro methylation of the SULT1C2 promoter significantly decreased transcriptional activity or a reporter plasmid and SULT1C2 expression was activated by the DNA demethylating agent 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine in a cell line in which the SULT1C2 promoter was hypermethylated. An aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) binding site was detected spanning critical methylation sites upstream of SULT1C2. CSC exposure significantly increased AHR binding to this predicted binding site in the SULT1C2 promoter in multiple lung cell lines. Our data suggests that CSC exposure leads to activation of the AHR transcription factor, increased binding to the SULT1C2 promoter, and upregulation of SULT1C2 expression, and that this process is inhibited by DNA methylation at the SULT1C2 locus. Additionally, our results suggest that the level of SULT1C2 promoter methylation and gene expression in normal lung varies depending on the race of the patient, which could in part reflect the molecular mechanisms of racial disparities seen in lung cellular responses to cigarette smoke exposure.
A Prospective Longitudinal Study Evaluating The Influence of Immunosuppressives and Other Factors On COVID-19 in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Patil Abhishek , K Chanakya , Shenoy Padmanabha , S Chandrashekara , Haridas Vikram , Kumar Sharath , Daware Manisha , Janardana Ramya , Pinto Benzeeta , Subramaniam Ramaswamy , S Nagaraj , Singh Yogesh Preet , Singhai Shweta , Jois Ramesh , Jain Vikramraj , C Srinivasa , Dharmanand BG , Dharmapalaiah Chethana , KN Sangeetha , Rao Vijay K , Shobha Vineeta
Published: August 2021

Background

We conducted this study to identify the influence of prolonged use of hydroxychloroquine(HCQ), glucocorticoids (GC) and other immunosuppressants (IS) on occurrence and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs).
Methods

This was a prospective, multicenter, non-interventional longitudinal study across 15 specialist rheumatology centers. Consecutive AIRD patients on treatment with immunosuppressants were recruited and followed up longitudinally to assess parameters contributing to development of COVID-19 and its outcome.
Results

COVID-19 occurred in 314(3.45%) of 9212 AIRD patients during a median follow up of 177 (IQR 129,219) days. Long term HCQ use had no major impact on the occurrence or the outcome of COVID-19. Glucocorticoids in moderate dose (7.5-20mg/day) conferred higher risk (RR = 1.72) of infection. Among the IS, Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), Cyclophosphamide (CYC) and Rituximab (RTX) use was higher in patients with COVID 19. However, the conventional risk factors such as male sex (RR = 1.51), coexistent diabetes mellitus (RR = 1.64), pre-existing lung disease (RR = 2.01) and smoking (RR = 3.32) were the major contributing risk factors for COVID-19. Thirteen patients (4.14%) died, the strongest risk factor being pre-existing lung disease (RR = 6.36, p = 0.01). Incidence ((17.5 vs 5.3 per 1 lakh (Karnataka) and 25.3 vs 7.9 per 1 lakh(Kerala) ) and case fatality (4.1% vs 1.3 % (Karnataka) and 4.3% vs 0.4% (Kerala)) rate of COVID-19 was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to the general population of the corresponding geographic region.
Conclusions

Immunosuppressants have a differential impact on the risk of COVID-19 occurrence in AIRD patients. Older age, males, smokers, hypertensive, diabetic and underlying lung disease contributed to higher risk. The incidence rate and the case fatality rate in AIRD patients is much higher than that in the general population.
HOX Gene Family Defines Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Sensitive in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Dan , Yu Tao , Zeng Zhi , Wu Jie , Han Jingjing , Zhou Benhong
Published: August 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathophysiology is prevalently related with HOX genes. However, the study on associations of extensive HOX genes with tumor microenvironment and drug sensitivity of HCC remains scarce. The data sets of HCC were downloaded from TCGA, ICGC and GEO by bioinformatics method and analyzed. RT-qPCR and IHC were used to verify the expression levels of 10 HOX genes in normal and HCC. Based on unsupervised clustering, two distinct HOX genes patterns has been identified, and a significant shorter OS in clusterB from HCC patients was observed than those in clusterA. Furthermore, based on a computational frame, we divided HCC samples into high and a low HOXscore groups, and significantly shorter survival time in the high HOXscore was observed relative to low HOXscore group using survival analysis. GSEA revealed that the high HOXscore group was more likely to be enriched in cancer-specific pathways. Furthermore, the high HOXscore group was associated with the infiltration of inhibitory immune cells. Besides, the HOXscore has greater prognostic significance than TMB alone and is capable of identifying intermediate subtype group existing with partial TMB functionality in low TMB patients. In response to anti-cancer drugs, the high HOXscore group was more sensitive to mitomycin and cisplatin. Importantly, the HOXscore was associated with the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 blockade, suggesting that the development of potential drugs targeting these HOX genes to aid the clinical benefits of immunotherapy. In addition, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry showed 10 HOX genes mRNA expression was higher in HCC compared to the normal tissues. Finally, high HOXscore was closely related with poorer overall survival of HCC in an independent validation cohort. Our study provide a comprehensive analysis of HOX genes family in HCC. We revealed the potential function of these HOX genes family in TME and identified their therapeutic liability in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. This work highlights the cross-talk and potential clinical utility of HOX genes family in HCC therapy.
Innate Immune Response Against COVID-19: The First Report on the Theory of COVID-19 Treatment by a Combined Method of Mathematics and Medicine
Authors: Lotfi M. , Jabbari A. , Rahbarghazi R. , Kheiri H.
Published: August 2021

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) continues to challenge most scientists searching for an effective way to diminish global outbreaks. As a correlate, progress in our knowledge about the COVID-19 has occurred, and we are more acknowledged than the early stages of a pandemic. However, these efforts have not been enough to stop the viral transmission, and many questions remain unanswered. To this end, understanding the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and target cells affected by this virus is mandatory. Along with studies in the field of the clinical setting and basic research, some achievements in the modeling and analysis of COVID-19 disease have been obtained in mathematics. Unfortunately, these models are not comprehensive to predict or approve of which occur inside the body after virus entry. Commensurate with these comments, models with more elaborate structures and minimum failure rate prediction are highly demanded. Here, we aimed to systematically construct the modeling of the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 virus and innate immune system cells and especially analyze the invasion of the virus to epithelial cells.
Membrane depolarization kills dormant Bacillus subtilis cells by generating a lethal dose of ROS
Authors: Gray Declan , Wang Biwen , Gamba Pamela , Strahl Henrik , Hamoen Leendert
Published: August 2021

The bactericidal activity of several commonly used antibiotics have been shown to partially rely on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Bacterial persister cells, an important cause of recurring infections, are tolerant to these antibiotics because they are in a dormant state. However, even dormant cells must maintain a membrane potential. Here we used Bacillus subtilis as model system to study the effect of membrane depolarization on dormant cells. Surprisingly, we found that membrane depolarization also leads to ROS production. In contrast to previous studies, this does not require the Fenton reaction and results primarily in superoxide radicals. Genetic analysis revealed that Rieske factor QcrA, the iron-sulfur subunit of complex III, is a primary source of superoxide radicals. Interestingly, the membrane distribution of QcrA changed upon membrane depolarization, suggesting a dissociation of complex III. Our data reveal an alternative mechanism by which antibiotics can cause lethal ROS levels, and may partially explain why membrane-targeting antibiotics are effective in eliminating persisters.
Evaluation of Comprehensive Emergency Management of Obstetric and Newborn Care Program Implementation at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Case Study Design
Authors: Jejaw Melak , Debie Ayal , Yazachew Lake , Teshale Getachew
Published: August 2021

Background: Maternal healthcare service is the care given for the woman during her gestation, delivery and postpartum period. The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) was remains high and a public health problem in Ethiopia. Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries including Ethiopia account two-thirds of the total maternal deaths. To curb such high burden related with child births, comprehensive emergency obstetric care is designed as one of the strategies for maternal healthcare services. However, its implementation status was not well investigated. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of comprehensive emergency obstetric care program at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A case study design was employed from 01 to 30 April 2021. A total of 265 clients for acceptability, 13 key informant interviews (KIIs), 49 observations and two months document review were conducted. Availability, compliance and acceptability dimensions were evaluated using 32 indicators. Binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with acceptability of the services. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value < 0.05 were also used to identify the predictor variables associated with acceptability. The qualitative data were recorded using tape recorder, transcribed in Amharic and translated to English language. Thematic analysis was done to supplement the quantitative findings. Results: The overall implementation of comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care (CEmONC) was 81.6%. Moreover, acceptability, availability and care provider’s compliance with the guideline accounted 81, 88.9 and 74.8%, respectively. There were stocked-out of some essential drugs, such as methyldopa, nifidipine, gentamycin and vitamin K injection. CEmONC training gaps, inadequate number of autoclaves, shortage of water supply and long-distance delivery ward to laboratory unit were also the barriers for the CEmONC service. Short waiting time of clients (AOR=2.40; 95%CI: 1.16, 4.90) and maternal educational level (AOR= 5.50, 95%CI: 1.95, 15.60) were positively associated with acceptability of CEmONC services.Conclusion: The implementation status of CEmONC program was good as per our judgment parameter. Compliance of healthcare providers with the guideline was fair and needed improvement. Essential emergency drugs, equipment and supplies were stocked-out. The University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital was therefore had better to give great emphasis to expand maternity rooms/ units. The hospital had better to avail the resources and provide continuous capacity building for healthcare providers to enhance the program implementation.
The Developmental Phosphoproteome of Fasciola Gigantica by Shotgun
Authors: Pan Ming , Bai Shao-Yuan , Gong Jing-Zhi , Liu Dan-Dan , Jin Qi-Wang , Tao Jian-Ping , Huang Si-Yang
Published: August 2021

Background: Protein phosphorylation plays key roles in a variety of essential cellular processes. Fasciola gigantica is a tropical liver fluke causing hepatobiliary disease fascioliasis, leading to public health threats and heavy economic losses. Although the genome and protein kinases of F. gigantica provided novel insights to understand the molecular biology and etiology of this parasite, there is scant knowledge of protein phosphorylation events in F. gigantica. Results: In this study, we characterized the phosphoproteome of F. gigantica. A total of 1030 phosphopeptides and 1005 phosphorylation sites were identified in 635 F. gigantica phosphoproteins. The bioinformatic analyses and homologous comparisons of these phosphoproteins identified their features participating in cellular processes including metabolic regulation and signal transduction. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this work performed the global phosphoproteomic analysis in F. gigantica, which provides a valuable resource to facilitate the development of novel interventions targets in F. gigantica and related nematodes in the future.