bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educação (em tempo) Integral e Proteção Social na Baixada Fluminense: Retratos de uma Trajetória Conjunta
Authors: Silva Margareth Correa , Menezes Janaina Specht da Silva
Published: May 2022

No Brasil, a trajetória desigual e injusta de grande parte dos estudantes vem contribuindo para que, no contexto das políticas públicas em educação, avancem as discussões acerca da necessidade de ampliar a jornada escolar para o tempo integral.
A oferta do tempo integral, tendo como uma de suas intenções o oferecimento de maiores oportunidades educacionais, vem sendo, cada vez mais, associada ao atendimento a alunos em situação de vulnerabilidade social, condição essa associada à ideia de proteção social. Sob essa perspectiva, este trabalho – que tem como objetivo discutir as relações entre educação em tempo integral e proteção social, no contexto da educação básica pública – partindo de pesquisas bibliográfica e documental, delimita como campo de investigação uma escola pública, localizada na Baixada Fluminense, que desenvolve uma proposta de educação em tempo integral e cuja maioria dos alunos vivencia, em maior ou menor grau, a condição de vulnerabilidade social. A partir de discussões teóricas, o artigo apresenta o conceito de proteção social como relacionado não apenas à concretude da sobrevivência humana, englobando, também, aspectos que buscam assegurar uma cidadania plena, como as condições socioculturais, dentre as quais a educação se insere. Revela ainda, entre seus resultados, que a proposta de educação em tempo integral pesquisada, ao oferecer uma formação escolar mais ampla, caminha na direção da inclusão social e da garantia dos direitos sociais, assumindo assim um caráter de política de proteção social, matéria relevante, tendo em vista as dinâmicas de desigualdade fortemente estruturadas em nosso país.
Religious Convergence in the Ancient Mediterranean
Authors: Collins Billie Jean
Published: May 2022

This volume brings together scholars in religion, archaeology, philology, and history to explore case studies and theoretical models of converging religions. The twenty-four essays presented, which derive from Hittite, Cilician, Lydian, Phoenician, Greek, and Roman cultural settings, focus on encounters at the boundaries of cultures, landscapes, chronologies, social class and status, the imaginary, and the materially operative. Broad patterns ultimately emerge that reach across these boundaries, and suggest the state of the question on the study of convergence, and the potential fruitfulness for comparative and interdisciplinary studies as models continue to evolve.
Hittite Prayers and Their Mesopotamian Models
Authors: Rieken Elisabeth
Published: May 2022

Comparison of Hittite personal prayers with Sumerian and Akkadian hymns and prayers shows that the imitiation of the Mesopotamian models not only concerned the overall structure and content, but also heavily influenced compositional techniques the Hittite scribes used to create ornamented speech. The examples presented pertain to the macro-structure as well the build-up of passages by means of concentric structures or micro-structural morphological patterns of transitional passages. In the New Hittite period a successful attempt was made at adapting the techniques to create new patterns, which, as a consequence, are specifically Hittite products.
From Zalpuwa to Brauron: Hittite-Greek Religious Convergence on the Black Sea
Authors: Rutherford Ian
Published: May 2022

This article looks at the general question of comparative religion: Are similarities between cultures to be explained as diffusion or parallel development? And if the latter, what can similarities tell us? I explore this issue through specific case of Mycenaean Greece and Hittite Anatolia. I take as my starting point the premise that contact between these cul- tures is likely to have happened in coastal regions, since the Mycenaeans were a sea power. I suggest that one area that has been neglected in previous research is the Black Sea coast north of the Hittite capital, known to the Hittites as Zalpuwa. Zalpuwa played an impor- tant role on Hittite traditions, and some evidence survives for its religious identity. I focus on a ritual complex that seems to have included the recruitment of girls from the region to serve as priestesses in the cult of a local sea goddess, Amamma. I compare the behavior of the girls who are recruited from the region to serve as priestesses to well-known patterns in Greek religion where girls serve in temples for a period, as at Brauron on the Aegean coast near Athens. It is not impossible that the Mycenaeans borrowed this, though arguing against this is lack of evidence for Mycenaean presence in the Black Sea. Even if there was no borrowing, it may still be possible to use this parallel comparatively. For example, girls’ temple-service in Greece has often been explained as a sort of adolescent rite of passage. Should we perhaps interpret the case from Zalpuwa in the same way?
Does Pentraxin-3 contribute to the reduction of low-density lipoprotein levels by statin therapy?
Authors: Vuković-Dejanović Vesna , Spasojević-Kalimanovska Vesna , Kalimanovska-Oštrić Dimitra , Bogavac-Stanojević Nataša
Published: May 2022

Statins have been shown to decrease inflammatory markers, especially high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), in a dose-dependent manner. Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is another important inflammatory biomarker from the pentraxin family that provides useful prognostic information and facilitates diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the effect of statin therapy on PTX3 and hsCRP concentrations and whether statins acted synergistically with PTX3 and hsCRP concentrations in lowering LDL-C. The study group consisted of 90 patients undergoing coronary angiography. The results showed that statins reduced PTX3 concentrations (p=0.031). PTX3 and hsCRP levels were significantly different between subclinical and severe stenosis groups (p=0.011 and p=0.009, respectively). Statin therapy was significantly associated with lower PTX3 and LDL-C levels in multiple logistic analyses. The probability that statin therapy would achieve target LDL-C values was highest in patients with low PTX3 values (OR=3.683, p=0.040), while multiplicative interaction was 23.3. The effect of statins on PTX3 reduction was higher than on hsCRP. It can be suggested that statin therapy was more successful in patients with low PTX3 values.
Efficiency in the conduct of public enforcement officers in a special enforcement procedure for the purpose of settling monetary claims arising from utility services and related activities: The example of Serbian law
Authors: Stojana Petrović
Published: May 2022

Public enforcement officers were introduced into the law of Serbia and into the legislation of countries in the region with the aim of establishing a more efficient system of enforcement. In contemporary legal history, the first public enforcement officers in Serbia were appointed in 2012. However, so far no study, based on scientific methodology, on whether their appointment has achieved the set goal has been published. Domestic procedural theory is still largely based on the almost dogmatic assumption that entrusting judicial procedural powers to public enforcement officers has contributed to efficiency, especially in enforcement proceedings for settling monetary claims arising from utility services and related activities, compared to the previous inefficiency of the courts. The t-test determined the statistical significance of the correlations of individual efficiency variables set by CEPEJ, on a sample of public enforcement officers appointed for the territories of selected courts in Serbia. By applying statistical methods, it was examined whether a satisfactory clearance rate was achieved in the enforcement procedure, whether this special enforcement procedure was expedited, and whether the number of unresolved cases was reduced in these proceedings, which would indicate the efficiency of public enforcement officers regarding these procedures wherein they decide on the motion for enforcement and conduct the enforcement. The determined values of the observed variables in the observed sample indicate that the legislator in Serbia, by introducing public enforcement officers, did not achieve the promised efficiency of this special enforcement procedure.
Sentence mitigation for the criminal offence of aggravated theft in the case law of the Basic Court in Niš
Authors: Ilić-Antanasijević Anita
Published: May 2022

The subject analysis of the criminal offense of aggravated theft in the case law of the Basic Court in Niš was performed in two ways, i.e., through two forms of research: insight into court cases and insight into court statistics from the annual work reports for the period 2010 - 2018. The institute of sentence mitigation, which was analyzed in connection with the abovementioned criminal offense, includes two segments of work. Namely, the analysis examined the ratio of the number of reported, indicted, convicted and acquitted persons, that is, persons whose sentences were reduced, and the application of certain mitigating circumstances which the Court took into account when mitigating the sentence was analyzed. When it comes to the application of certain mitigating circumstances which the Court took into account when mitigating the sentence, the research considered the following: a) age of the defendant, b) financial status of the defendant, c) personal circumstances of the defendant, d) family circumstances of the defendant, e) previous conviction of the defendant, f) behavior of the perpetrator after the committed crime, g) the relationship of the defendant with the injured party, h) confession, i) remorse of the defendant, and i) health condition of the defendant. The aim of the research was to analyze the application of the observed institute in practice by applying scientific methods and pointing out the existing problems in its implementation, in order to potentially eliminate them and possibly solve them in practice.
Association of missed cervical cancer screening with sociodemographic characteristics and depression in women age 25-64 years
Authors: Milijašević Dragana , Šušnjević Sonja , Ukropina Snežana , Čanković Sonja , Tomašević Tanja , Harhaji Sanja , Baroš-Brkljača Marija , Mijatović-Jovanović Vesna
Published: May 2022

Introduction: There is evidence that cancer screening and similar health interventions in patients with mental illnesses in some countries remain suboptimal. Considering the high prevalence of depression among women in Vojvodina, this study aimed to estimate the association of reduced utilization of cervical screening tests with sociodemographic variables and with depression. Aim: Considering the high prevalence of depression among women in Vojvodina, this study aimed to estimate the association of reduced utilization of cervical screening tests with sociodemographic variables and with depression. Material and Methods: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study on 1,226 women age 25-64 years from the Province of Vojvodina, as a part of the National Health Survey. To determine the impact of the time when the last smearing test was done (as a dependent variable) on sociodemographic characteristics and depression binary logistic regression model (Enter) was implemented. Models were adjusted for age, type of settlement, education, material status (wealth index), employment status, having a gynecologist in stateowned and private practice, and depression. Results: Out of the total, 555 women (59.7%) missed the cervical smear test in the last 12 months. Women with a secondary school were more likely to miss the cervical smear test in the last 12 months (OR=1.62; 95% CI=1.13-2.33) as well as women age 50-64 years (OR=1.45; 95% CI=0.99-2.13). Women without gynecologist in either a state-owned or private health practice had 4.13 and 2.20 higher odds of not done cervical smear tests during the last 12 months. Conclusion: The results show that special attention should be paid by physicians to identifying disorders in women, which can lead to neglect of their health, and reduced health control.
Cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin: Causes, diagnosis, consequences and possibilities of prevention
Authors: Radić Jelena , Kolarov Bjelobrk , Stefanović Maja , Bosanac Milana , Cvetković Biljana , Janičić Stefan , Dolamić Borislav , Ćuk Dragomir , Andrejić-Višnjić Bojana
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Doxorubicin is an antibiotic from the anthracycline group, with clinical use limited by adverse reactions, primarily cardiotoxicity. Material and Methods: This article provides an overview of therapeutic and toxic doses of doxorubicin, the mechanism of side effects, markers for early detection as well as currently available preparations for preventing its toxicity. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, SCIndex, Dimension, Scopus and Google for English and Serbian language abstracts, using the searching terms "doxorubicin", "cardiotoxicty", "carotenoids", "oncology", "oxidative stress", "DNA damage" and "biomarkers". Topic: The mechanism of side effects is still unclear and is considered to be multifactorial including ROS overproduction, reducing levels of endogenous antioxidants, DNA damage, large drug accumulation in cardiac tissue, calcium overload, histamine release, and impairment of autoimmune regulation of cardiac function Manifestations of cardiotoxicity are mainly acute (appear inside 24h atypical changes of ST segment, decrease in QRS complex voltage, tachycardia and supraventricular extrasystoles are observed, but can also be subacute and chronic (cardiomyocyte edema, disorganzation, fibroblast proliferation, necrosis). Diagnosis of cardiotoxicity is based on ECG, ECHO, and biochemical markers, among which the most important are troponins, while pathohistological verification is necessary for the final diagnosis. Some medications (carvedilol, atorvastatin) have showed some level of cardioprotection against DOX, but there is no overall agreement on their administration solely for this purpose. An increasing number of studies have tested various dietary supplements and natural preparations (already in the human diet) in order to discover those that could completely prevent or reduce the toxic effects of doxorubicin, with special focus on carotenoids. Conclusion: Cardiotoxicity is the leading side effect of doxorubicin, and therefore there is an active search for either new biomarkers and/or diagnostic protocols that would detect toxicity in time, as well as substances able to prevent the occurrence or alleviate DOXinduced cardiotoxicity.
Electrochemical properties of composites of graphene-oxide and cobalt-ferrite doped with zink and gallium
Authors: Grujičić Marija , Mravik Željko , Bajuk-Bogdanović Danica , Vengust Damjan , Jovanović Zoran , Stojković-Simatović Ivana , Jovanović Sonja
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the electrochemical properties of graphene-oxide composites and nanoparticles of cobalt-ferrite, as well as cobalt-ferrite doped with zinc and gallium. Graphene-oxide (GO) was synthesized by a modified Hummer's method. The magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by the solvothermal method, after which the oleic acid was exchanged with dihydrocaffeic acid to obtain the hydrophilic material. Composites of graphene-oxide and magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method, where the share of magnetic particles was 5 and 15 wt.% on graphene-oxide. The results of X-ray structural and FTIR analysis confirmed the complete oxidation of graphene layers. SEM and TEM analyzes showed deposition of magnetic nanoparticles on the graphene-oxide layer, without changing the size or shape of the nanoparticles. FTIR analysis of hydrothermally treated graphene oxide and composites showed that there is a partial reduction of epoxy groups, also a hydrogen bond is established between the components of the composite. Cyclic voltammograms show that the composites are stable at polarization rates of 5-400 mV s-1 , and that their capacity is predominantly pseudocapacitive in nature. Pseudocapacitance originates from the oxidoreduction reactions of H+ ions from electrolytes and surface functional groups of graphene-oxide. Based on the cyclic voltammograms, the specific capacities of all composites were calculated and the highest value being shown by the CFO_GO_15% composite, which is 36.86 F g-1 at a polarization rate of 5 mV s-1 .
Limestone of 'Međeđe': Nikšić as filler in various industries
Authors: Radulović Dragan , Todorović Dejan , Jovanović Vladimir , Milićević Sonja , Ivošević Branislav , Božović Darko
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the results of testing the possibility of using limestone from the "Međeđe" - Nikšić deposit in different industries. During the examination, the coarse moisture, chemical composition, granulometric composition, bulk and particle density, degree of whiteness, oil and water absorption, granulometric composition of micronized samples and specific surface area were determined. All tests were performed on 8 samples taken from different parts of the deposit and the mean values of the obtained results are presented here. Based on the physico-chemical characteristics, it can be stated that this limestone has a high content of CaO and CaCO3 of 99.01%, as well as a relatively low content of MgO of 0.32% and a low content of SiO2 of 0.26% and alkali and R2O3, with also low content of heavy metals, which is very favorable for limestone. With these physico-chemical properties, this limestone can be used in the following industries: paints and varnishes, paper, rubber and PVC, foundry and foundry industry, sugar industry, metallurgical purposes, glass production, animal feed production and mineral fertilizer production. A serious defect of "Međeđa" limestone is the low degree of whiteness, which does not exceed 89.6%, which prevents its use in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, while the relatively high content of K2O, Fe and Mn prevents its use in calcification of acid soils.
Improvement of the standardized procedure for verifying the quality of low-voltage electrical installations
Authors: Hadžiefendić Nedžad , Trifunović Jovan , Kostić Nemanja
Published: May 2022

Periodic verification of the quality of low-voltage electrical installations is very important from the point of view of safety of people in the building from electric shock and initial fire caused by failures of low-voltage electrical installations (usually poor electrical contact). The standardized procedure for verifying the quality of electrical installations by electrical measurements involves checking which can determine with certainty only whether the protection system by automatic shutdown of the power supply in case of failure is effective or not. However, this check can only detect some poor electrical contacts in the circuit that are potential causes of fire. The paper provides an overview of research results conducted within the project of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (project record number 36018), on the basis of which the correction of the existing procedure of periodical verification of the quality of electrical installations is proposed. The proposed correction, which was developed based on the experience gained by performing periodical verification of the quality of electrical installations in the field, as well as analysis of measurement results obtained experimentally in laboratory conditions, allows poor electrical contacts to be detected in a timely manner.
Big Data management: Industry features 4.0
Authors: Tadić Dijana , Maljugić Biljana , Stanisavljev Sanja , Kavalić Mila
Published: May 2022

The paper was created by reviewing the literature and business practices, which include the challenges of big data management in Industry 4.0. 30 scientific papers by eminent authors were analyzed, which emphasize the importance of Big Data and propose the implementation of one of the data management methods. Significant results of improvement through the application of new technologies have been observed in all industries. The aim of this paper is to summarize the experience of the company and include solutions for the most efficient data management in business practice, starting from data collection and storage to making the most important decisions.
Areas of project manager competence development digital age and the influence on intellectual capital
Authors: Buha Vesna , Lečić Rada , Bjegović Miroslav
Published: May 2022

The paper is the result of observing some important issues of continuous improvement in the world that changes rapidly and systemically. Knowledge is woven into intellectual property considered strategic good for the sustainability of companies. Therefore, specialists in corporate strategies strengthen the performance of the management system. Since the basic research motivation lies in viewing the synergistic action of people and intellectual capital in a digital environment, which competencies, the project manager needs to develop further? The aim of descriptive analysis is reflected in considering the content of knowledge and skills that are considered crucial in performing tasks in the field of project management, especially in relation to valid standards, regulations or legislation, but also changes incurred in the digital age. Desk analysis was conducted on a database on lifelong learning needs, as well as strategic estimates of necessary knowledge and skills for project management. The results show that the continuous intellectual development of the individual is the sine qua non creation and increasing the value of intellectual capital. An effective project manager is a source of positive social impact, with the potential to help raise people from poverty and efficient functioning of the system as a whole. Related literature in this paper, provided plausible facts on the need for permanent learning of the project manager in order to improve human resources and improve the competitive position of the market organization.
Polarization-based research on a priori defogging of dark channel
Authors: Huo Yong-Sheng ,   Key Laboratory of Instrument Science and Dynamic Testing, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
Published: May 2022

The image enhancement method based on dark channel priori defogging performs well in target detection, but it takes the light intensity information as the carrier and the single optical dimension leads the target characterization efficiency to decline. Based on the sensitivity of polarization to physical properties, in this paper a proposal is made that polarization information is introduced into the traditional dark channel priori defogging method to enhance the recognition degree between different objects. The theory of backscattering and polarization detection in dark channel priori defogging method is studied, and the mechanical polarization filtering imaging equipment is built to verify the target characterization function of the proposed method in foggy environment. The research shows that the dark channel priori defogging method based on polarization can obtain the light intensity and polarization information of the object at the same time. Compared with the traditional dark channel priori defogging method, using the polarization difference between the target and the background can significantly improve their contrast. This research result can be applied to the existing polarization imaging instrument system to realize real-time backscattering and polarization information extraction, and further improve the efficiency of target detection and characterization in fog.
Theoretical study on effect of Ge-S/F co-doping on crystal structure and properties of Li2MSiO4(M = Mn, Fe)
Authors: Guo Xia-Lei , Hou Yu-Hua , Zheng Shou-Hong , Huang You-Lin , Tao Xiao-Ma ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063 China,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
Published: May 2022

The effects of Ge-S/F co-doping on the structural stability and electrochemical properties of Li2MSiO4 (M = Mn, Fe) crystal are systematically studied by the first-principle calculations based on density functional theory combined with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) + U method. The calculation results show that the Ge-S/F co-doping Li2MSiO4 (M = Mn, Fe) system undergoes the site exchange between Li and M in the delithiation process. Compared with Li2MSiO4(M = Mn, Fe), the doped system has good toughness, and lithium ions migrate easily in the doped system. And the doped system with site exchange is more stable in the process of delithium, especially the volume change of Li2Mn0.5Ge0.5SiO3.5S0.5 is very small, indicating that it has good structural cyclic stability. Moreover, the theoretical average deintercalation voltages of Li2MSiO4 (M = Mn, Fe) are reduced by Ge-S/F co-doping. The combination of the density of states with magnetic moment shows that the Ge-S/F co-doping can improve the conductivity of Li2MnSiO4 and delay the appearance of the Jahn-Teller effect in the Li2MnSiO4 system, which is beneficial to the improvement of the structural cycling stability of Li2MnSiO4. Meanwhile, the Ge-S/F co-doping can not only improve the conductivity of Li2FeSiO4, but also facilitate the removal of more Li+ from Li2FeSiO4 system, especially the complete delithium of Ge-F co-doping system is expected to be achieved.
Research advances in continuous-variable quantum computation and quantum error correction
Authors: Wang Mei-Hong , Hao Shu-Hong , Qin Zhong-Zhong , Su Xiao-Long ,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   School of Mathematics and Physics, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243000, China
Published: May 2022

Quantum computation presents incomparable advantages over classical computer in solving some complex problems. To realize large-scale quantum computation, it is required to establish a hardware platform that is universal, scalable and fault tolerant. Continuous-variable optical system, which has unique advantages, is a feasible way to realize large-scale quantum computation and has attracted much attention in recent years. Measurement-based continuous-variable quantum computation realizes the computation by performing the measurement and feedforward of measurement results in large-scale Gaussian cluster states, and it provides an efficient method to realize quantum computation. Quantum error correction is an important part in quantum computation and quantum communication to protect quantum information. This review briefly introduces the basic principles and research advances in one-way quantum computation based on cluster states, quantum computation based on optical Schrödinger cat states and quantum error correction with continuous variables, and discusses the problems and challenges that the continuous-variable quantum computation is facing.
Rashba effect and flat band property in one-dimensional helical Se atomic chain
Authors: Sun Hai-Ming ,   School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
Published: May 2022

Tuning the electronic properties of low-dimensional materials is helpful in building nano electronic devices. Here, we investigate the structural and electronic structures of one-dimensional helical Se atomic chain by using first-principles calculations. Our results show that this structure has a much lower energy than the one with a straight-line structure. Our phonon calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations suggest that this structure is both dynamically and thermally stable. The band structure shows that it is a semiconductor with a gap of about 2.0 eV and Rashba-type splitting near the X point. The helical structure is good for tuning the electronic properties by using strains. As a result, a 5% strain leads to a 20% change in the band gap while the Rashba energy offset is doubled. Moreover, we find that the valence band is a flat band, over which hole doping can induce ferromagnetism and the system becomes half-metallic. Further increasing the doping level can transform the system into a ferromagnetic metal. Such a strategy is then applied to one-dimensional helical Te atomic chain and similar results are obtained.
Mechanism of radar wave absorption and bandwidth for easy-plane Y2Co17 rare earth soft magnetic composites
Authors: Tu Cheng-Fa , Zheng Zu-Ying , Qiao Liang , Hao Hong-Bo , Ma Yun-Guo , Sun Zhe , Wang Hao , Wang Tao , Li Fa-Shen ,   Institute of Applied Magnetism, Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China,   State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization, Baotou 014000, China
Published: May 2022

Wave absorbing materials are widely used to prevent military equipment from being detected by radar wave and also serve as civil electromagnetic shielding. The absorbing properties of wave absorbing materials are determined by a combination of the electromagnetic parameters and the thickness of the composite material. In the actual case, the theoretically designed reflection loss peak intensity and the bandwidth of wave absorbing materials deviate from the engineered values. There are few reports on the mechanism about the variation of the intensity of the reflection loss absorption peak with thickness and the bandwidth of the reflection loss absorption peak. In this work, based on an interfacial reflection model, the reflective properties of radar wave at the air interface of the absorbing coating are investigated. The dependence of the matching impedance on the matching thickness of the absorbing material is determined, and the matching impedance parameters are further used to design the absorbing composites, which exhibit excellent microwave absorption properties, i.e. an average value of reflection loss is below –10 dB at 4–18 GHz in different thickness wave absorbing materials, and an average value of reflection loss is below –20 dB at 6–18 GHz in different thickness wave absorbing materials. The bandwidth of the reflection loss peak at the matched thickness is discussed in depth in principle based on the interface reflection model, and the theoretical calculations accord with the experimental results.
Second harmonic scattering multipole analysis of ligand-decorated gold nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Yu-Jia , Lu Min-Jian , Li Yan , Wei Hao-Yun ,   State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Published: May 2022

Ligand decoration of noble metallic nanoparticles is often needed for some applications, such as biochemical sensing, catalysis and nanotechnology, and the understanding of its process is of great importance. The second harmonic scattering (SHS) technique with advantages of surface-sensitivity and label-free detection, provides intrinsic information for such a research. In this work, the second harmonic(SH) scattering patterns of two types of ligands (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and L-cysteine) capped gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with the same radii are measured. Both the intensities and shapes of the SH scattering patterns are changed after the ligand exchange process. In order to explain the pattern changes, the analytic expressions of SH scattering are derived theoretically for a relatively large nanoparticle based on Dadap’s multipolar theory. Considering the derived relationship between the multipole (up to octopole) contributions and the power of the nanosphere radius, the effective size effect is introduced to express the SH scattering signal change for different ligand decorations and well explain the experimental results. This theory provides a new perspective of the SH scattering response to different capping ligands and offers a possible quantitative method to analyze interface physical chemistry for ligands on the surface of nanoparticles.
Optical study on crystal symmetry of two-dimensional WTe2
Authors: He Kuan-Yu , Qiu Tian-Yu , Xi Xiao-Xiang ,   National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
Published: May 2022

Two-dimensional WTe2 possesses a special crystal symmetry, leading to novel properties such as quantum spin Hall effect and nonlinear Hall effect. Determining the details of its crystal structure is essential for understanding these interesting properties. Here, we report an optical study on the crystal symmetry of monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer WTe2, using temperature and polarization dependent Raman spectroscopy and optical second harmonic generation (SHG). We find that monolayer WTe2 is noncentrosymmetric as indicated by its sizable SHG, in contrast to the commonly believed centrosymmetric 1T' structure. The polarization dependence of the SHG is consistent with the Cs point group. Bilayer WTe2 exhibits SHG signal more than one order of magnitude higher than in the monolayer and trilayer samples, with its temperature dependence reflecting the ferroelectric phase transition, evidencing strong inversion symmetry breaking induced by layer stacking and interlayer-sliding ferroelectricity. We also observe prominent second-order resonant Raman scattering peaks only in monolayer and bilayer WTe2, but not in thicker samples, and their temperature dependence indicates an electronic structure highly sensitive to interlayer coupling. These results will be useful for further exploring the properties of atomically thin WTe2.
Finite line method and its application in coupled heat transfer between fluid-solid domains
Authors: Gao Xiao-Wei , Ding Jin-Xing , Liu Hua-Yu ,   State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a completely new numerical method, called finite line method, is proposed and is used to solve fluid-solid coupled heat transfer problems. The extensively used finite element method is a method based on volume discretization; the finite volume method is a method operated on the surface of the control volume; the boundary element method is the one based on boundary surface discretization; the meshless method is the one constructing the computational algorithm using surrounding scatter points at a collocation point. The method proposed in the work is based on the use of finite number of lines, in which an arbitrarily high-order computational scheme can be established by using only two or three straight or curved lines at each point. The creative idea of the method is that by using a directional derivative technique along a line, high-order two- and three-dimensional spatial partial derivatives with respective to the global coordinates can be derived from the Lagrange polynomial interpolation formulation, based on which the discretized system of equations can be directly formed by the problem-governing partial differential equation and relevant boundary conditions. The proposed finite line method is very simple in theory and robust in universality, by using which the boundary value problems of partial differential equations in solid and fluid mechanics problems can be solved in a unified way. In solving fluid mechanics problems, the diffusion term is simulated by using the central line set to maintain a high efficiency, and the convection term is computed by using an upwind line set to embody its directional characteristic. A few of numerical examples will be given in this paper for fluid-solid coupled heat transfer problems for verifying the correctness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Mapping brain-wide excitatory projectome of primate prefrontal cortex at submicron resolution and comparison with diffusion tractography
Authors: Yan Mingchao , Yu Wenwen , Lv Qian , Lv Qiming , Bo Tingting , Chen Xiaoyu , Liu Yilin , Zhan Yafeng , Yan Shengyao , Shen Xiangyu , Yang Baofeng , Hu Qiming , Yu Jiangli , Qiu Zilong , Feng Yuanjing , Zhang Xiao-Yong , Wang He , Xu Fuqiang , Wang Zheng
Published: May 2022

Resolving trajectories of axonal pathways in the primate prefrontal cortex remains crucial to gain insights into higher-order processes of cognition and emotion, which requires a comprehensive map of axonal projections linking demarcated subdivisions of prefrontal cortex and the rest of brain. Here, we report a mesoscale excitatory projectome issued from the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) to the entire macaque brain by using viral-based genetic axonal tracing in tandem with high-throughput serial two-photon tomography, which demonstrated prominent monosynaptic projections to other prefrontal areas, temporal, limbic, and subcortical areas, relatively weak projections to parietal and insular regions but no projections directly to the occipital lobe. In a common 3D space, we quantitatively validated an atlas of diffusion tractography-derived vlPFC connections with correlative green fluorescent protein-labeled axonal tracing, and observed generally good agreement except a major difference in the posterior projections of inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. These findings raise an intriguing question as to how neural information passes along long-range association fiber bundles in macaque brains, and call for the caution of using diffusion tractography to map the wiring diagram of brain circuits.
Land use/land cover changes in the central part of the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Jagan Nath , Bhattarai Bishnu Prasad , Rokaya Maan Bahadur , Thapa Tej Bahadur
Published: May 2022

Background

Land use/land cover assessment and monitoring of the land cover dynamics are essential to know the ecological, physical and anthropogenic processes in the landscape. Previous studies have indicated changes in the landscape of mid-hills of Nepal in the past few decades. But there is a lack of study in the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape; hence, this study was carried out to fill in study gap that existed in the area.

Methods

This study evaluates land use/land cover dynamics between 2000 to 2020 in the central part of the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal by using Landsat images. The Landsat images were classified into eight different classes using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS). The accuracy assessment of classified images was evaluated by calculating actual accuracy, producer’s accuracy, user’s accuracy and kappa coefficient based on the ground-truthing points for 2020 and Google Earth and topographic maps for images of 2010 and 2000.

Results

The results of land use/land cover analysis of Landsat image 2020 showed that the study area was composed of grassland (1.73%), barren area (1.76%), riverine forest (1.93%), water body (1.97%), developed area (4.13%), Sal dominated forest (15.4%), cropland (28.13%) and mixed forest (44.95%). The results of land cover change between 2000 to 2020 indicated an overall increase in Sal dominated forest (7.6%), developed area (31.34%), mixed forest (37.46%) and decrease in riverine forest (11.29%), barren area (20.03%), croplands (29.87%) and grasslands (49.71%). The classification of the images of 2000, 2010 and 2020 had 81%, 81.6% and 84.77% overall accuracy, respectively. This finding can be used as a baseline information for the development of a proper management plan to protect wildlife habitats and forecasting possible future changes, if needed.
Territorios penitenciarios: la realidad del Complejo Penitenciario Nelson Hungría
Authors:   Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil., Diniz Alexandre-Magno-Alves , Oliveira Victor ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil., Duarte Thais ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil., Ribeiro Ludmila ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.
Published: May 2022

Este artículo analiza los territorios constituidos en el Complejo Penitenciario Nelson Hungría, una unidad penitenciaria inicialmente diseñada como de máxima seguridad, dirigida a los presos masculinos, ubicada en la Región Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. El objetivo es revelar cómo se construye la geografía carcelaria de esta unidad y cómo ella termina reflejando la dinámica de sociabilidad en prisión. Por lo tanto, se utilizaron datos obtenidos a través de una encuesta que incluyó la observación de los espacios de la unidad, entrevistas con diferentes tipos de actores (como funcionarios de la administración penitenciaria y reclusos), además de la creación de planos de los sitios y mapas que indican cómo dichos espacios se encuentran ocupados por personas específicas. Los distintos territorios instituidos en el Complejo Penitenciario Nelson Hungría producen y refuerzan identidades, muchas de las cuales han sido construidas por los presos junto con agentes estatales
Migración, educación y renta. Un análisis socioterritorial sobre la aparición electoral de la extrema derecha en el espacio metropolitano de Andalucía (2018-2019)
Authors:   Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, España, Iglesias-Pascual Ricardo , Hurtado-Rodríguez Claudia ,   Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, España, De Oliveira-Neves Gwendoline ,   Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, España
Published: May 2022

El crecimiento de la extrema derecha en Europa desde finales del siglo XX no se había hecho patente en España hasta la irrupción de VOX en las elecciones andaluzas de 2018, situación que lleva a analizar la relación que ello tiene con el contexto socioeconómico metropolitano. Tal análisis se hace en el presente estudio mediante el uso de la correlación espacial de Spearman y modelos de regresión cuadrática y lineal, aplicados a escala de sección censal tanto a la presencia de población migrante como al nivel educativo y renta media de las áreas metropolitanas de acogida, a fin de determinar la incidencia de ambos factores en los resultados electorales de VOX. Al igual que en investigaciones previas, los resultados obtenidos muestran una cierta correspondencia entre la radicación de población migrante y un mayor apoyo a VOX. Sin embargo, analizando por área metropolitana y zonas de mayor concentración de migrantes, se encuentra que el voto a VOX, especialmente en 2018, se da en mayor grado en ámbitos donde reside población con elevado nivel educativo y de ingresos, que en zonas de alta concentración de población migrante.
Reserva Nacional China Muerta: Consideraciones en torno a la conservación biocultural de la naturaleza, los incendios forestales y la herida colonial en territorios indígenas
Authors: Figueroa Burdiles Noelia , Vergara-Pinto Francisca
Published: May 2022

Se presentan los principales resultados de una investigación de carácter exploratorio realizada en torno al incendio de la Reserva Nacional China Muerta (Región de La Araucanía), ocurrido en el año 2015. Empleándose un diseño metodológico cualitativo y un enfoque etnográfico, fue posible identificar distintos actores sociales relacionados con la reserva, y a través de sus discursos aproximarse a las memorias, significados y prácticas que les vinculan a esta área silvestre protegida y sus visiones en torno al incendio como desastre. Se identificaron dos principales dimensiones en dicha vinculación: la noción del uso material de sus recursos naturales y la relación simbólica-espiritual con el territorio que constituye. Los resultados dan cuenta de cómo el incendio fue un escenario que visibilizó la diversidad sociocultural de un territorio, involucrando distintas subjetividades en la comprensión de este desastre socionatural y del propio territorio; a través de los mecanismos de participación, acción y contención del incendio, como también a través del cuestionamiento acerca del futuro del territorio y del nombre de la Reserva “China Muerta”, el cual, a nuestro juicio, devela una herida colonial que continúa hasta nuestros días. Finalmente más que conclusiones y a modo de apertura para futuras investigaciones, se propone indagar acerca de qué modo las expresiones culturales presentes en territorios donde conviven poblaciones humanas y hábitats protegidos, contribuyen a poner en valor la relación naturaleza–cultura, ampliando la dimensión de patrimonio natural a la noción de patrimonio biocultural.
Los límites del reconocimiento indígena en Chile neoliberal. La implementación del Convenio 169 de la OIT desde la perspectiva de dirigentes Mapuche Williche
Authors: Aguas Javier , Nahuelpan Moreno Héctor
Published: May 2022

El Convenio 169 de la OIT fue ratificado por Chile en el 2008, luego de diecisiete años de tramitación en el congreso. Su entrada en vigencia abrió expectativas en algunas organizaciones indígenas, principalmente por su carácter vinculante para el Estado y por contemplar, entre otros aspectos, el derecho a consulta a los pueblos indígenas sobre materias que les afectan. En este artículo se sostiene que la ratificación e implementación del Convenio 169 de la OIT, debe comprenderse en el contexto de las políticas de reconocimiento a la diferencia cultural asumidas tardía y superficialmente por el Estado en Chile, las que forman parte del giro multicultural neoliberal que se produjo en América Latina durante las tres últimas décadas. En razón de lo anterior y a casi una década de la entrada en vigencia de este Convenio, el artículo efectúa un balance de su implementación desde los puntos de vista y perspectivas de dirigentes mapuche williche, quienes advierten sobre las debilidades en el reconocimiento de derechos y expresan los límites de la “versión chilena” del multiculturalismo neoliberal respecto a trastocar las estructuras históricas y actuales de poder y subordinación que viven los pueblos indígenas.
Salud y bienestar en una iniciativa neotradicionalista en Chile
Authors: Berho Castillo Marcelo , García Navarrete Carolina
Published: May 2022

Se describen y caracterizan cuatro prácticas medicinales desplegadas por miembros de un movimiento transnacional de revitalización de tradiciones espirituales amerindias en el sur de Chile. Se relevan los marcos de referencia históricos, arqueológicos, lingüísticos y etnográficos de cada una de dichas prácticas y se subrayan las respectivas significaciones asignadas a las mismas alrededor de la salud y el bienestar. Igualmente, se identifican aspectos de la estructura, función, contextos y usos en que se despliega cada una de estas prácticas, tanto en el contexto tradicional como actual en el que fueron observadas. Por último, se infieren algunas propiedades significativas de estas prácticas, las cuales permiten sostener la existencia de una medicina espiritual.
¿Cómo lograr el bien común? Un análisis sobre la discriminación y la violencia basada en las relaciones de género a partir de la experiencia de las/los estudian- tes de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina
Authors: Vázquez Laba Vanesa , Palumbo Mariana
Published: May 2022

Desde la creación del Programa contra la violencia de género de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín, en el año 2013, casos de violencia simbó- lica –como chistes, burlas, sarcasmos en pasillo, aulas y facultades –han sido denunciados por diferentes miembros de la comunidad académica. El objetivo de este artículo es describir y analizar, desde un abordaje cualitativo y cuantita- tivo, las causas y efectos de la violencia de género de tipo simbólica que viven- cian las y los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina.
Concluimos que la violencia simbólica es un tipo de violencia frecuente porque está naturalizada por los distintos actores de la comunidad universi- taria. La mayoría de la violencia simbólica es infringida por los estudiantes varones contra las estudiantes mujeres. Sin embargo, los profesores varones y no docentes también practican violencias simbólicas y acoso a través de redes sociales, que se interseccionan con abusos de poder.