bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in HIV self-testing: Systematic review of current developments and the road ahead in high-burden countries of Africa
Authors: Mekonnen Habtamu , Manyazewal Tsegahun , Kajogoo Violet Dismas , Getachew Assefa Dawit , Gugsa Bekele Jilcha , Tolossa Debela Dejene
Published: December 2023

Objectives:

Although HIV self-testing technologies have created new opportunities for achieving national and global HIV testing goals, current developments have not been compiled to inform policy and practice, especially in high HIV burden countries of Africa. We aimed to compile and synthesize the evidence about HIV self-testing technologies, strategies, and uptake in the top-10 high HIV burden countries of Africa.

Methods:

We searched CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Social Science Citation Index, and EMBASE to include eligible articles published in English between January 2012 and November 2022.

Results:

In total, 865 articles were retrieved and only 16 studies conducted in five African countries were eligible and included in this review. The two types of HIV self-testing modalities presently being used in Africa are: The first is Home Self-Test which is done entirely at home or in another private location by using oral fluid or blood specimen. The second modality is Mail-In Self-Test (self-sampling), where the user collects their own sample and sends this to a laboratory for testing. Perceived opportunities for the uptake of HIV self-testing were autonomy and self-empowerment, privacy, suitability, creating a chance to test, and simplicity of use. The potential barriers to HIV self-testing included fear and worry of a positive test result, concern of the test results is not reliable, low literacy, and potential psychological and social harms. The oral-fluid self-testing is preferred by most users because it is easy to use, less invasive, and painless. The difficulty of instructions on how to use self-test kits, and the presence of different products of HIV self-testing kits, increase rates of user errors.

Conclusion:

Adopting HIV self-testing by overcoming the challenging potential barriers could enable early detection, care, treatment, and prevention of the disease to achieve the 95-95-95 goal by 2030. Further study is necessary to explore the actual practices related to HIV self-testing among different populations in Africa.
“It just wasn’t right down there”: Surgical treatment of small bowel evisceration after hysterectomy with indocyanine green angiography, a case report
Authors: Spann Jane E , Kallas Thurston , Copperwheat Kenneth H , Connolly Mark M
Published: December 2023

This is a case of a 70-year-old female with small bowel evisceration through vaginal cuff dehiscence 14 months after hysterectomy. She presented with a loop of ileum herniated through the vagina. The bowel was irreducible and she was taken to the operating room for exploratory laparotomy, reduction of herniated bowel contents, and repair of vaginal cuff. During surgery, the eviscerated bowel had questionable viability and indocyanine green angiography was used to assess perfusion. After the repair of the vaginal cuff, indocyanine green angiography was performed and the bowel was saved from resection. In the discussion, light is shed upon the rarity of vaginal cuff dehiscence and the few cases of small bowel evisceration after a dehiscence. Possible causes of the evisceration, updates to technique, and recommendations for management are also discussed. The ultimate recommendation is for use of indocyanine green angiography in assessment of intestinal viability during surgical exploration for small bowel evisceration.
Choledochal cyst mimicking as choledocholithiasis: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Farrukh Ameer Mustafa , Bhagat Hershey R , Ismail Mohamed Burhan , Sandesara Maharshikumar P , Assal Mazen W , Makonyonga Rutendo Denise
Published: December 2023

Choledochal cysts are rare congenital anomalies of the biliary system, mostly diagnosed during childhood. In adults, a lower incidence and symptom overlap with more common biliary conditions may hinder the diagnosis. This case study presents a 50-year-old female patient who presented with abdominal pain and multiple gallstones on ultrasonography which also showed a dilation of the common bile duct, presumably left by a stone that had already passed. However, the dilation still existed 3 days later, which raised suspicion of a choledochal cyst. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was performed, and following surgical consultation, the patient underwent a successful cyst excision by Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy with a smooth recovery leading to hospital discharge. This case highlights the importance of considering choledochal cysts as one possible diagnosis in adults with biliary symptoms and the significance of the more specific imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.
Periconceptional Serum Creatinine and Risk of Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Research Letter
Authors: Harel Ziv , Jeyakumar Nivethika , Kang Yuguang , Velez Maria P. , Dayan Natalie , Ray Joel G.
Published: December 2023

Background:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that manifests in early childhood, in which the maternal metabolic syndrome may be a risk factor. The kidney is a barometer of maternal metabolic syndrome duration and severity.

Objective:

The main objective of this study is to determine whether periconceptional kidney function is associated with ASD in early childhood.

Design, Setting, and Participants:

This retrospective population-based cohort study was completed in Ontario, Canada. Included were singleton children born in an Ontario hospital between April 2007 and March 2021, who were alive at age 48 months and whose mother had a recorded prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and a measured serum creatinine (SCr) between 120 days preconception and 28 days postconception.

Measurement:

The main study outcome was a diagnosis of ASD between ages 24 and 48 months.

Methods:

Relative risks (RRs) of ASD in association with periconceptional SCr were generated using modified Poisson regression and adjusted for several confounders.

Results:

The cohort comprised 86 054 women, who had 89 677 liveborn children surviving to at least 48 months of age. There was no significant association between periconceptional SCr and ASD (RR: 0.86; 95 % confidence interval: [0.67, 1.10]).

Limitations:

Selection bias may have arisen had SCr been ordered on clinical grounds.

Conclusions:

Further study is warranted to determine whether prepregnancy glomerular hyperfiltration is a marker of ASD and other behavioral conditions in childhood. To do so, a more accurate measure of hyperfiltration is needed than SCr.
Risk Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Among a Cohort of Healthcare Workers in Lebanon
Authors: Sakr Carine J. , Abou Hassan Farouk F. , Fakih Lina , Bou Hamdan Mirna , Assaf Sara , Rahme Diana , Melhem Nada M.
Published: December 2023

Background

Healthcare workers (HCWs) faced substantial risk of infection during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a cross-sectional sample of HCWs as well as risk factors associated with exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

Methods

The study was conducted between March and May 2021 at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC), a tertiary hospital located in Lebanon. Socio-demographic and clinical data, as well as data on exposure, PCR results, PPE adherence, and vaccination status, were collected using an online questionnaire. Sera were also collected to determine seropositivity using commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) targeting the spike (S) and the nucleocapsid proteins (NCP) of SARS-CoV-2.

Findings

Among 92 recruited HCWs, 72.3% received PPE training, more than 70% were adherent to using appropriate PPEs, and around 80% were vaccinated. Nurses in this study population were at higher risk of exposure compared to medical doctors, technicians, and other HCWs. Among the HCWs who performed a PCR test, 28.6% were infected with SARs-CoV-2 with workplace exposure not associated with COVID-19 infection. All vaccinated HCWs were seropositive for anti-S IgG with high titer (≥384 BAU/mL), with a significantly higher median anti-S IgG titer compared to unvaccinated HCWs with previous infection (384 vs. 140.1 BAU/mL; p = .0043).

Conclusions

Our study highlights the importance of implementing strict infection control policies among HCWs and deploying an effective COVID-19 vaccination strategy. More studies are needed in Lebanon to assess risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the workplace.
Overview of Occupational Injuries Among Registered Nurses in Washington State, 2007 to 2019
Authors: Amberson Taryn , Graves Janessa M. , Sears Jeanne M.
Published: December 2023

Background

Registered nurses (RNs) represent the largest segment of the health care workforce and have unique job demands and occupational health considerations. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence, cost, and causes of occupational injuries among RNs in Washington State and to quantify the cumulative cost and burden of each type of injury, relative to all injuries among RNs.

Methods

Annual injury claims data covered under Washington State workers’ compensation (WC) fund were analyzed over a 13-year period (2007–2019). Annual mean incidence and cost of injuries were calculated and stratified by nature, source, and event/exposure. Negative binomial regression models were used to examine trends in injury incidence over time, for injury incidence overall, and by the most common injury classifications.

Results

Between 2007 and 2019, 10,839 WC claims were filed and accepted for Washington State RNs (annual M = 834), totaling more than US$65 million. No significant trend in overall injury incidence was observed (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.94, 1.05]). The most common injury exposures were bodily reaction and exertion, contact with objects and equipment, falls, and assaults and violent acts.

Discussion

To our knowledge, this is the first broad study of the incidence and costs of occupational injuries among RNs across all workplace settings. We identified high-cost, high-frequency incidence rates of musculoskeletal, sharp, and violence-related occupational injury claims, highlighting intervention targets. Implications for Occupational Health Practice: Policy makers, health systems, and occupational health nurse leaders can use this information to identify priority areas where evidence-based occupational health and prevention programs are most needed.
A Case Report of Potassium Permanganate Poisoning: How to Manage Successfully
Authors: Dahiya Shaveta , Sharma Rohit , Kumar Raj , Aggarwal H. K. , Kumar Manish , Rathee Gaurav
Published: December 2023

KMnO4 is a highly corrosive and powerful oxidizing agent with reported lethal dose of 10 g in adults. Poisoning by ingestion is associated with a wide range of local and systemic complications including ARDS and multi-organ failure. Very few cases of KMnO4 poisoning have been reported until now. As no antidote is available for KMnO4 poisoning, only supportive management is given, which includes airway securing on a priority basis. N-acetyl cysteine is given as an empiric treatment to prevent hepatic injury, and endoscopy is very useful in locating and seeing the severity of injury in the esophagus and stomach and is also helpful in guiding the treatment of such patients. This case report highlights the successful management of a patient with KMnO4 poisoning (by ingestion) with rapid interventions in preventing further damage and hastening the recovery.
Complex Resections: Management of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bolger Jarlath C. , Gilbert Ralph , Yeung Jonathan C.
Published: December 2023

Cervical esophageal cancers are rare and generally treated with definitive chemoradiation rather than trimodality therapy due to the need for pharyngolaryngectomy and esophagectomy. However, surgery remains indicated to salvage residual or recurrent disease. We review the management of cervical esophageal cancer and present a case series of complex surgical resection.
Assessing Occupational Burnout Among a Cohort of New York City Sonographers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Callpani Veneta , De Cunha Tiffany , Fearing Tasha , Jean-Baptiste Christina
Published: December 2023

Objective:

Occupational burnout has been documented among health care workers; however, there has been limited research investigating burnout among sonographers. The aim of this study was to measure burnout among a cohort of sonographers within New York City.

Materials and Methods:

70 participants completed a questionnaire online. The questionnaire comprised 2 sections: demographic questions and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). The OLBI was used to assess 2 core dimensions of burnout: exhaustion and disengagement. The data were analyzed descriptively with frequencies, percentages, mean values, and standard deviations.

Results:

The majority (84.3%) of the participants worked in a hospital setting. A moderate to high burnout score was found for 81.4% of the participants. In the separate dimensions of burnout, 84.3% scored moderate to high on exhaustion, and 76.6% scored moderate to high on disengagement.

Conclusion:

Occupational burnout in health care settings is a serious problem with detrimental consequences. Most of this cohort of 70 sonographers working in New York City were experiencing a moderate to high level of burnout. Development of educational programs and interventions can be considered a potential solution for addressing prevention of sonographer burnout.
Alexithymia, oral behaviors, and temporomandibular disorders: a dark triad?
Authors: Ibrahim Nour , Chamoun Wafaa Takash , El-Outa Abbass
Published: December 2023

Background

Alexithymia is a condition in which cognitive processing of emotions is impaired. Associations between alexithymia and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have been described in multiple studies, yet the coexistence or influence of oral behaviors has never been addressed. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between alexithymia, oral behaviors, and temporomandibular pain disorders.

Results

A total of 264 participants were included in this study. The mean age was 25.70 ± 5.99 years, with a range from 18 to 65 years. Eighty-two (31.1%) were possibly alexithymic, and 93 (35.2%) were alexithymic. A total of 12.5% of the participants were at high risk for TMD. With respect to oral behavior risk, 62.5% were at low risk, and 35.2% were at high risk. Alexithymia appeared to be a positive predictor of TMD risk (p < 0.001). Participants with high-risk oral behaviors were found to have an increased likelihood of TMD risk (p < 0.001). Moreover, both high-risk oral behavior and alexithymia correlated with increased somatic symptom burden levels (p < 0.001). Pain disorders exert significant distress on individuals and lead to poorer quality of life.

Conclusion

Understanding the association of alexithymia, somatic symptom burden, and coping strategies with oral behaviors and temporomandibular pain disorders can help improve the management of this condition. By tailoring the chosen therapy to the dominant co-existing psychosocial comorbidities in TMD patients, the risk of treatment failure or relapse may be diminished.
ASSESSMENT OF CROPS INSURANCE DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA
Authors: Ogorodnikova Elena , Rakhmatullina Laysana , Andreeva Nataliya , Safiullin Il'nur
Published: December 2023

Overcoming and reducing the influence of negative natural, climatic, geopolitical, and economic factors on the development of Russian agriculture is the main condition for ensuring its food security. In recent years, the development of agricultural insurance has become an important tool for stabilizing the work of agricultural producers. During 2016-2018 the number of insured agricultural producers and the size of sown areas decreased, and since 2019 there has been an increase in indicators: if in 2018 the share of insured sown areas in Russia as a whole was only 1.7%, then in 2022 - 8.6%. In 2016 small forms of farming accounted for only about 15% of the total number of insured agricultural producers to whom subsidies were provided, and in 2022 - already more than 37%. With the increase in the number of insurances and the areas of insured areas, the insured amounts and the amounts accrued also increased significantly insurance premium, including those paid. A positive trend is also the ratio of the paid and accrued insurance premium, which in 2016 was 0.904, then in 2022 – 0.994. Rural producers mainly insure crops of grain and oilseeds, the share of which in the structure of insured areas is 79.3 and 14.9%, respectively. At the same time, the issues of crop insurance are unevenly developed across territorial units of the country: in 2021-2022, the largest amounts of insured areas are in the Southern, Central and Volga Federal Districts, the smallest in the North-Western and Ural Federal Districts. Agricultural insurance indicators are to a certain extent influenced by climatic conditions, in particular, due to unfavorable weather conditions, the largest number of crop insurers in 2021 were in Volga region.
Formation of the basis of ecological culture of the personality of students in the educational space of primary school
Authors: Charneckaya Zh.
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the problem of the formation of the foundations of ecological culture of primary school students in the process of education's environmentalization; the emphasis is placed on the importance of strengthening the educational aspect of environmental education, socialization of the consciousness of students, environmentally oriented practical educational and social activities; the importance of the resource approach is substantiated; the tools and conditions for efficient design of the process of education's environmentalization are named.
3D Printing of Hydrogel/BaTiO3 Composite Scaffolds with Highly Improved Mechanical, Electrical, and Degradable Properties
Authors: Zhang Yue , He Jinhan , Su Jin , Chen Annan , Li Yinjin , Li Yifei , Yan Chunze , Shi Yusheng
Published: December 2023

In clinical practice, the restoration of cartilage injury is a tough task. And manufacturing degradable cartilage scaffolds with strong mechanical properties and electrical activity remains a significant issue. In this study, the hydrogel/BaTiO3 composite scaffolds with greatly improved mechanical, electrical, and degradable properties were formed by digital light processing 3D printing. We found that the addition of BaTiO3 powders enabled the significant improvement of the compressive strength (212.8 kPa) and energy absorption (32.0 mJ/m3), which were as three and six times as those of pure hydrogel scaffolds, respectively. Besides, the composite scaffolds showed a voltage output of above 100 mV, which was two orders of magnitude higher than that of pure hydrogel scaffolds. This voltage output allows for the simulation of electrical microenvironment in native tissues that promote cartilage regeneration and remodeling. Finally, the degradation rate of the composite scaffolds reached 7.1% after 14 days of simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion, while that of the pure hydrogel scaffolds was only 2.8%. This study provides insight into the fabrication of high-performance functional scaffolds for treating cartilage defect.
Polymers As Concrete Healing Materials
Authors: Gorur Mesut
Published: December 2023

Concrete is commonly used as a supporting material in the construction industry. Although it can withstand heavy loads, it is very brittle and sensitive to crack formation. Earthquakes and other environmental factors may result in the formation of cracks in the concrete structure. Penetration of chloride and atmospheric water with dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide gasses through these cracks leads to corrosion of rebar (reinforcing steel bars). This paper is a short review of polymeric structures as concrete healing materials.
Persistent Organic Pollutants in Environment and Human Health
Authors: Mir Farooq Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are often referred to as "silent killers" due to their bio accumulative and long-term persistence. These can be found in every living thing, from plants to animals to people. These are to culprits for several environmental and human health problems. POPs are a leading cause of diabetes, obesity, endocrine disruption, cancer, cardiovascular disease, reproductive problems, and environmental damage. POP pollution and dangers are of concern to scientists, governments, and NGOs alike. This article reviews the most recent findings about the effects of POP contamination on human health and the natural environment.
Viyola çalgısında farklı akortlama sistemi olarak Scordatura’nın incelenmesi
Authors: Yılmaz Cansu
Published: December 2023

Akort sistemi, çalgı formlarının gelişiminin nihai noktaya ulaşmasına kadar ki sürede, çalışta rahatlıklar sağlamak ve eserlerin tonuna uyumlu şekilde icra gerçekleştirmek amacıyla sürekli olarak değişiklik göstermiştir. Bu evrim süreci, scordatura’nın ortaya çıkmasında da dolaylı bir etkiye neden olmuştur. Scordatura kullanımının viyola çalgısı özelinde ele alınması, bu alandaki araştırmaların gelişimine katkı sunacaktır. Araştırma, scordatura yazılmış viyola eserleri hakkında detaylı bir inceleme ile alana katkı sağlaması hedefiyle oluşturulmuştur. Viyola çalgısı özelinde scordatura eserleri tek bir kaynak altında ele alması literatür için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Araştırmada, viyola için scordatura yazılan bir eserin hangi akortlama ile ne şekilde icra edileceği, incelemek için seçilmiş eserlerin hangi nedenler dâhilinde scordatura olarak yazıldığı problemlerine cevap aranmıştır. Araştırmanın modeli nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizidir. Bu kapsamda scordatura yazılan viyola notalarına erişim sağlanmıştır. Nota edisyonları, viyolada scordatura akort sağlanarak kontrol edilmiştir. Viyola için scordatura yazılmış tüm eserler araştırılmış, notaları bulunamayan eserler de dâhil erişilen tüm besteler scordatura bilgileri dâhil edilerek liste halinde sunulmuştur. Seçilen scordatura eserler üzerinde detaylı inceleme yapılmıştır. Eserdeki scordatura çeşidi, icracı açısından olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri nota karşılaştırmaları yapılarak analiz edilmiştir. Scordatura kullanımının entonasyona, tel geçişlerine ve parmak numaralarına etkileri viyola ile çalınarak çözümlenmiştir. Viyolada scordatura olarak yazılmış bir eserin, entonasyona olumsuz etkileri olduğu, parmak numarası ve tel geçişleri kapsamında ise icracıya oldukça yardım eden bir kullanım olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. İcracılara, scordatura bir eseri çalışmaya başlamadan önce detaylı bilgi edinmeleri, iyi bir edisyondan icra gerçekleştirmeleri, yavaş ve ses kontrolü yaparak çalışmaları önerilmektedir. İlerideki araştırmalarda, yaylı çalgılar için yazılan scordatura eserlerin sayısal olarak verileri analiz edilerek karşılaştırılabilir.
Interpretation of technical and expression aspects on Mauro Giuliani’s “Grand Overture, Op.61”
Authors: Djahwasi Herry , Saidon Zaharul Lailiddin , Pongpradit Pongpat , Sampurno Muchammad Bayu Tejo
Published: December 2023

The Mauro Giuliani’s “Grand Overture, Op. 61” poses a diverse and intricate task for classical guitar musicians, as it involves a complex interweaving of technical elements, profound emotional expression, and intricate structural components. The significant of this study is to acquire a more profound comprehension of the dynamic correlation between composition and artistic interpretation within the framework of this renowned classical guitar composition. There are two research objectives in this study. The first is to interpret the various elements of “Grand Overture, Op. 61” in terms of its composition, encompassing its challenging technical aspects, profound emotional depth, and intricate structural intricacies. The second is to interpret how these facets impose specific artistic expectations on the performer. This study was conducted within the paradigm of artistic research. The data collection technique employed in this study will involve a combination of library research, personal experience, direct observation, and self-reflection. The artistic processes and revelations in this study emphasize the resolution of technical challenges, the development of an approach to achieve a high level of technical proficiency, the analytical examination of compositional elements, and the crafting of sound profiles. These aspects were thoroughly explored through theoretical and practical investigations of “The Grand Overture” by Mauro Giuliani. This ultimately results in the development of distinctive and captivating interpretive decisions that successfully encapsulate the fundamental nature of Giuliani’s composition. The beneficial features of the basic interpretive concepts in this study are highly recommended for future studies to be applied in the form of various classical repertoires and other fields of musical instrumentation.
Essential services in children’s family dentistry program and the role of dental hygienists
Authors: Lee Seung-Hun
Published: December 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the essential services, importance, interval of examinations, and role of dental hygienists in children’s family dentistry program. Methods: A total of 124 participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed using independent t-test, and ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: All participants stated that oral examination and panoramic radiography are required; children should be educated about brushing, use of oral products, and regular check-ups; and preventive treatments such as molar sealants and prophylaxis should be offered. They stated that light-curing resins and glass ionomer fillings should be offered in treatment services. They stated that examination intervals should be shorter for education and prevention rather than treatment. Dental hygiene students were more likely than dentists and dental hygienists to say that the program was more important. There was a correlation between oral examinations and education and treatment, and between essential services and their importance. Conclusions: Services considered essential and important should be provided first, education and prevention should be provided more frequently than treatment, and their importance should be emphasized not only to dental hygiene students but also to dental hygienists and dentists who are the main providers of services.
Exploring the research trends of elderly oral health through language network analysis
Authors: Kim Yun-Jeong
Published: December 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to explore the research trends of elderly oral health through a language network analysis. Methods: A total of 354 published studies with 668 keywords were collected from the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) between 2000 and 2022. Language network analysis was performed using Textom 6.0, Ucinet 6.774, and NetDraw 2.183. Results: The most frequent keywords were ‘elderly’, ‘oral health’, ‘quality of life’, and ‘OHIP-14’. The result of frequency-inverse document frequent keywords showed similar results to the most frequent keywords. The N-gram of keywords shows that ‘elderly’, ‘oral health’ (18 times) and ‘elderly’, ‘depression’ (7 times). As a results of the analysis of degree centrality and between centrality, ‘elderly’, ‘oral health’, and ‘quality of life’ were found to be high. The CONCOR analysis identified the main clusters of ‘quality of life’, ‘oral health behavior’, ‘health’, and ‘oral function disorder’. Conclusions: The results of the current study could be available to know research trends in elderly oral health and it is necessary to improve more comprehensive study in follow-up study.
Factors related to scaling experience among Korean youth according to their family background: the 18th Youth Health Behavior Survey (KYRBS)
Authors: Lim Sun-A
Published: December 2023

Objectives: To investigate factors related to scaling between Korean and multicultural families using data from the 18th Youth Health Behavior Survey (KYRBS), 38,320 Korean adolescents were selected as subjects. Methods: A complex sample crossanalysis was conducted on general characteristics and oral health characteristics using the IBM SPSS program. Factors related to adolescent scaling were analyzed using complex sample logistic regression analysis. Results: Compared to Korean families, adolescents from multicultural families had 0.50 times less scaling experience within 12 months. Learning achievement was 1.30 times higher in high compared to low, indicating that scaling experience was high. In terms of economic status, scaling experience was found to be high at 1.50 times in high compared to low. Non-smoking adolescents had 1.26 times higher scaling experience. It was found that adolescents who do not use dental floss and interdental brushes have 0.71 and 0.55 times less scaling experience, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the above results, there is a need to increase adolescents awareness of oral health and motivate them to manage their own oral care. There is a need to provide opportunities to participate in various oral health education programs and to deepen continuous oral health education on oral disease prevention.
Impact of allergic rhinitis on stomatitis in Korean adolescents
Authors: Do Kyung-Yi , Lee Eun-Sun
Published: December 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether adolescents with allergic rhinitis are at an increased risk of stomatitis and to ascertain possible sex-specific differences. Methods: The data for this cross-sectional study was obtained from the 18th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2022). Of the 56,213 students surveyed, 51,850 (boys 26,397 and girls 25,453) were included in the final analyses. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the impact of allergic rhinitis on the risk of stomatitis among Korean adolescents. Results: In Model II, which was adjusted for allergic disease, boys with allergic rhinitis had a 1.53-fold (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.40–1.67), and girls had a 1.35-fold (aOR=1.35, CI=1.25–1.46) elevated risk of stomatitis than in those without. In Model III, after adjusting for all covariates, boys with allergic rhinitis had a 1.48-fold (aOR=1.48, CI=1.36–1.62) elevated risk of stomatitis than in those without, and girls had a 1.32-fold (aOR=1.32, CI=1.22–1.43) elevated risk, which remained statistically significant after adjusting for covariates. Therefore, allergic rhinitis in adolescents exerts a detrimental effect on the risk of experiencing stomatitis symptoms; the risk was higher in boys than in girls. Conclusions: These findings suggest that oral health care attention and intervention are needed for adolescents with allergic rhinitis.
The influence of clinical practice experience and environment on dental hygiene professionalism in dental hygiene students
Authors: Jo Eun-Deok
Published: December 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical practice experience and environment of dental hygiene students, and to determine how these factors relate to their dental hygiene professionalism. The aim was to provide data necessary to improve the clinical practice environment and promote professionalism in dental hygiene. Methods: A survey was conducted in August 2023 among dental hygiene students from five randomly selected universities in the metropolitan area. Data analysis methods included t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The main influencing factors of dental hygiene professionalism were the quality of instruction in the clinical practice, opportunities for learning, preparedness for students, and satisfaction with the practice institution (p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the clinical practice environment and all sub-items of dental hygiene professionalism (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study emphasize that the choice of practice institution is very important to enhance dental hygiene professionalism, and close collaboration between universities and practice institutions is highlighted to improve the quality of clinical practice guidance and opportunities for participation.
Relationship between hours of smartphone use and oral disease symptoms in Korean adolescents
Authors: Kim Sun-Sook , Youn Hye-Jeong
Published: December 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between hours of smartphone use and oral disease symptoms in Korean adolescents. Methods: In this study, data from the 2022 Youth Health Behavior Online Survey were used. The final analysis was conducted on students who responded that they have used a smartphone (N=50,375). Chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between oral disease symptoms and smartphone use time (p<0.05). Results: Consequent to examining the effect of smartphone use on oral disease symptoms, it was found that oral symptoms, such as pain during chewing and tingling throbbing, increased as smartphones were used for >4 h (p<0.05). Additionally, oral symptoms, such as gingivalgia bleeding and bad breath, appeared to increase as smartphones were used for >6 h (p<0.05). However, using smartphones for <0–2 h or 2–4 h had no effect on oral disease symptoms. Conclusions: In adolescents, oral disease symptoms increased significantly with increasing hours of smartphone use. Therefore, adolescents should be guided so that they use smartphones for <2 h or >4 h. Moreover, guidance on forming the habit of tooth brushing after eating food should be provided to prevent oral disease symptoms.
Performance Characteristics of Percentage of Hypochromic Red Cells in the Detection of Latent Iron Deficiency in Women with Menometrorrhagia
Authors: Swathy S. Lal  , Vivek George  , Himiki Selvin
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Menometrorrhagia is a common cause of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in women of reproductive age group. Latent iron deficiency (LID) is a precursor stage of IDA in which there is evidence of iron deficiency without anemia. LID causes cognitive impairment, impaired immunity and reduced work capacity which can be corrected by iron supplementation. Conventional biochemical and hematological parameters have limitations in the diagnosis of LID. This study was done to assess the performance characteristics of percentage of hypochromic red cells (% HYPO) in the detection of LID in women with menometrorrhagia.

METHODS

This study was done on 226 women attending the Gynaecology OP clinic of our institution, of which 183 had menometrorrhagia, and the remaining being controls. After testing for conventional hematological indices and serum ferritin, the subjects were divided into 3 groups: a LID group, an IDA group, and a control group without iron deficiency. ROC curve analysis was performed to assess % HYPO and other conventional hematological parameters in identifying LID.

RESULTS

Most hematological indices were within normal ranges in LID population, thus limiting their utility. The AUC for % HYPO in LID population was 0.736 with an optimum cut-off of 8.7 corresponding to a sensitivity and specificity of 62.3 and 76.74 respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

% HYPO is a sensitive, specific, fast, cheap, and practical and thus serves as a better predictive marker than conventional biochemical and hematological parameters in the detection of LID.
Benign Lesions of Larynx and Its Micro-Laryngeal Surgery - A Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Vithal D Udagatti  , Rajendran Dinesh Kumar  , Najla Siraj Arifin  , Meera Benny  , Srimanth Mandava  , Sheethal Sathish Kumar  , Madhushree S Hiremath  , Paree Raj Kumar
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

The larynx is a unique organ in the spectrum of functions it performs. Its role in normal respiration, maintenance and protection of the airway. Simple laryngeal lesions are not uncommon. The great majority of the cordal benign lesions are non-neoplastic, usually in a ratio of about 6:1. They are the product of some form of irritation and do not have the histological characteristics of true neoplasms. Therapy is directed at restoring as much normal function of the larynx as possible. Microlaryngeal surgery and postoperative voice rest offer a cost-effective, useful and safe approach to the management of benign laryngeal lesions.

Objectives

The study was undertaken to identify the common types of benign lesions of the larynx and the age, sex distribution, symptomatology, sites of involvement and  histopathology of the lesions following micro-laryngeal surgery. Microlaryngeal surgery and postoperative voice rest offer a cost-effective, useful and safe approach to the management of benign laryngeal lesions.

METHODS

A prospective study was conducted from February 2017 to September 2019 at NRM ENT Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka and a secondary referral hospital. 30 patients with benign laryngeal lesions were included based on the patient’s clinical symptoms and findings on indirect laryngoscopy in the age group of 13–65 years. All non-operative cases and malignant cases were excluded. Routine preoperative surgical work-up and therapeutic micro-larnygoscopic procedures were employed.

RESULTS

A male preponderance with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1 was observed. The majority of the patients were in the age group of 31–40 years. Non-neoplastic lesions are much more common than neoplastic lesions. Vocal nodules, polyps, and angiofibromas with the same pathogenesis were common lesions. Abuse of voice, exposure to a known agent, and trauma were causative factors. Most of the lesions are solitary and unilateral, arising from the vocal cord. The right side is the common side, and sessile lesions are more numerous than pedunculated. Only 10% of cases are true neoplastic; vocal polyps, nodules, and angiofibromas with the same pathophysiology account for 70% of cases.

CONCLUSIONS

Benign lesions of the larynx are common in males, but in this series, amusingly, housewives are at the top of the list. Voice abuse, exposure to a known agent and trauma are the etiological factors. A common symptom is hoarseness of voice. On the basis of this study, it has been emphasized that the removal of the tumor should be flushed from the surface of the vocal cords to aviod any injury to the epithelium, which can be done either under microscopic or endoscopic view.
Financial Ratios and Stock Return in the Food and Beverage Company
Authors: Dwijayani Henny , Marzuki Moh Idris , Sari Linda Ratna , Muchtar  , Aslichah
Published: December 2023

This study uses financial ratio analysis to investigate the company's stock returns. This study aims to determine the dominant influence of several financial ratios on stock returns. Financial ratios are helpful in evaluating relied returns. The quantitative research approach is used to analyze how financial ratios affect stock returns. The population of this study is companies in the food and beverage sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The analysis was carried out from 2017 to 2020 using secondary data sources. Purposive sampling is used in this study, with the sample chosen based on predetermined standards and subjected to multiple linear regression analysis. The analysis' findings demonstrate that DER and TATO have no significant effect on stock returns, while CR, ROA, and ROE have a significant effect on stock returns. optimal corporate profitability is not always achieved by having too many current assets. Additionally, unproductive management of surplus and unused funds will impact declining stock returns. The results of this study indicate that idle current assets cannot generate company profitability because the current ratio is too high indicating an excess of current assets relative to fixed assets.
Formación y concepciones docentes de la literatura infantil y juvenil en Iberoamérica
Authors: Hernández-Machuca Diana Carolina
Published: December 2023

Uno de los principales roles de los docentes de lengua materna es ser mediadores literarios y formadores de lectores en la Educación Primaria y Secundaria. Por esta razón, es necesario reconocer el panorama investigativo de la última década sobre la relación de los docentes con la literatura infantil y juvenil (LIJ). En este artículo se presenta la revisión en las bases de datos Dialnet, Redalyc y Scielo de investigaciones en Iberoamérica sobre este campo. Se obtienen tres categorías emergentes que se refieren a la formación docente en didáctica y LIJ, las concepciones docentes sobre LIJ y, finalmente, las trayectorias y hábitos de lectura de los futuros docentes. A manera de conclusión, se señalan vacíos tanto en la formación como en la investigación sobre la relación de los docentes formadores y en formación con la LIJ.
El lenguaje en el escenario educativo de las TIC: ¿técnica o tecnología?
Authors: Quitián-Bernal Sandra Patricia , Montoya Castillo Mario
Published: December 2023

El lenguaje desde la perspectiva social en la que yace su naturaleza es fundamental para el desarrollo humano, como también para la dinamización de la cultura; pues como lo afirma Halliday (1994), por el lenguaje se interpreta nuestra experiencia infinitamente variada del mundo que nos rodea; y precisamente, el mundo que habitamos hoy ilustra de modo profundo esta condición. El papel del lenguaje como mediador y transformador cultural nos extiende polifonías y redes semánticas y semióticas que matizan de modo particular los diferentes entramados que integran nuestra vida pública y privada, con lo cual se nos reta a incursionar de manera permanente en nuevas formas de crear sentidos e interactuar.
Эффект интервьюера и гендерное равенство: оценка идеального возраста жизненных событий в странах Европы
Authors: Корсунова Виолетта Игоревна , Волченко Олеся Викторовна
Published: December 2023

В статье рассматривается связь характеристик интервьюера и ответов на гендерно окрашенные вопросы в странах с разным уровнем гендерного равенства. В научной литературе можно выделить два основных подхода к объяснению эффекта интервьюера: модель социальной атрибуции и модель социальной дистанции. Согласно первому подходу, респонденты меняют ответы в зависимости от характеристик интервьюера; второй же подход предполагает также учет разницы в социальных характеристиках респондента и интервьюера. В представленном исследовании рассмотрены эффекты пола интервьюера (модель социальной атрибуции) и разницы в возрасте респондента и интервьюера (модель социальной дистанции) на оценку идеального возраста для различных событий в жизни женщин и мужчин. На основе данных девятого раунда Европейского социального исследования показано, что разница в оценке идеального возраста наступления демографических событий в жизни мужчин и женщин оказывается больше, если опрос проводится женщиной. В то же время данный эффект менее выражен в странах с высоким уровнем гендерного равенства. Кроме того, возраст, указываемый в качестве идеального для жизненных событий, оказывается меньше при большей разнице в возрасте респондента и интервьюера, и данный эффект остается схожим во всех исследуемых странах. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о необходимости учета характеристик интервьюера при анализе опросных данных.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ).
Доверие как фактор развития кооперации в России
Authors: Фролова Елена Викторовна , Рогач Ольга Владимировна
Published: December 2023

В статье исследуется связь между субъективными оценками роли доверия и развитием практик кооперации. Эмпирические данные представлены результатами всероссийского онлайн-опроса россиян, проведенного в мае и июне 2022 г. (N = 4422). Делается вывод о готовности почти половины опрошенных респондентов к участию в кооперации, что, впрочем, не гарантирует реализацию оптимистического сценария развития кооперации в краткосрочной перспективе. Результаты исследования косвенно указывают на искаженное представление респондентов о сущности кооперативной деятельности, которая противопоставляется экономической выгоде и коммерческой успешности. Дефицит доверия деформирует потребительское восприятие кооперативной продукции: почти половина опрошенных россиян (49,9%) полагают, что кооперативы поставляют товар, непроверенный на соответствие ГОСТ. В ходе исследования отмечается разграничение доверия органам власти (институциональное) и к участникам экономических отношений (межличностное), при этом второй тип доверия респонденты рассматривают как более значимый барьер развития кооперации. Установлено, что большинство респондентов опасаются мошеннических действий, недобросовестного поведения партнера при вступлении в кооператив. Россияне, отметившие улучшение материального положения после введения санкций, выразили более высокую готовность к организации кооператива.
Результаты регрессионного анализа показали отсутствие статистически значимой связи между готовностью населения к вступлению в потребительские кооперативы и оценкой роли доверия. Ключевыми аспектами, связанными с готовностью респондентов к участию в кооперативах, стали возможность заняться собственным бизнесом и объединение с единомышленниками.  Полученные результаты иллюстрируют исторически сложившееся стремление россиян к коллективным формам экономической деятельности, ориентацию на консолидированное использование ресурсов, преобладание ценностей солидаризации. Кооперация в данном контексте может рассматриваться как возможность совмещения экономических и социальных ожиданий населения.
Отношение к бракам с мигрантами как показатель социального взаимодействия и уровня ксенофобии (на примере Москвы)
Authors: Пешкова Вера Михайловна
Published: December 2023

Статья рассматривает взаимодействие российского населения с мигрантами в брачно-семейной сфере на примере отношения жителей Москвы к бракам с выходцами из стран Закавказья, Средней Азии и Северного Кавказа. Особое внимание уделяется тому, как опыт подобных браков влияет на контакты в других сферах, на отношение к таким контактам в будущем, а также на восприятие миграции в целом. Эмпирическая часть исследования проведена в конце 2020 г. и включает количественные (опрос 452 человек) и качественные (24 интервью) данные. Результаты исследования подтверждают основное положение теории контакта. Респонденты, у которых есть родственники, состоящие (состоявшие) в браке с мигрантами, имеют более широкий круг общения, чаще обращают внимание на разнообразие своего окружения, а также более положительно настроены по отношению к этому общению в настоящем и в будущем по сравнению с теми, у кого таких родственников нет. В то же время отношение к мигрантам зависит как от сферы взаимодействия, так и того, откуда родом мигрант. На подобное отношение также влияет приписывание мигрантам этнических, расовых и конфессиональных характеристик. Кроме того, личный опыт не всегда означает однозначно положительное отношение, а отрицательное отношение в момент обследования — не гарантирует негативного отношения в будущем. Поэтому неудивительно, что, с одной стороны, отношение москвичей к мигрантам характеризуется довольно высоким уровнем ксенофобии, с другой, — достаточно активным личным общением в разных сферах социального взаимодействия.