bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Household Composition on Fire Coping Capacity and Fire Damage
Authors: Zhang Chu , Hong Won-Hwa , Bae Young-Hoon
Published: March 2024

In this study, to conduct a comprehensive fire risk assessment (FRA) considering the fire coping capacity (FCC) of individuals and communities, we analyzed the FCC based on household composition, a factor influencing FCC, through a survey. Statistical analysis was employed to examine the impact of household composition on fire damage with the aim of proposing the feasibility of an FRA incorporating FCC. The survey results indicated a statistically significant difference in the FCC based on household composition, with a higher individual fire response capability in multi-person households and an elevated community FCC in single-person households. Furthermore, the statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between the number of single-person households and the occurrence of fire incidents and casualties. In conclusion, this study explored the potential of FCC in FRA by drawing insights from the survey and correlation analysis results.
What Entails Quality of Education in India? Unpacking the Quality Conundrum
Authors: Sucharita V.
Published: March 2024

The term ‘quality’ has remained an elusive concept in the educational discourse due to its broad nature, thus leading to varied interpretations. This diverse understanding of quality is due to different approaches which interpret ‘quality’ in different ways. These approaches themselves have underpinnings in different theories concerning the role of education in the society. On one hand, education is viewed as a catalyst in upward social and economic mobility while on the other hand, it is viewed as a socially conservative force perpetuating the existing social inequalities. The present paper investigates different approaches that have played a critical role and influenced the way ‘quality’ is understood within the domain of school education. It then situates the quality debate in the Indian context and highlights the criticality of both tangible and tacit aspects of quality to gain a holistic understanding of the term instead of being confined only to a few quantifiable parameters.
Colon Cancer with Mediastinal Metastasis
Authors: Taleb Imad , Amine Saad Mohammed , Elmhadi Choukri , Tanz Rachid , Errihani Hassan
Published: March 2024

Background: The patient had a CAF (complete atrial fibrillation) as a comorbidity.

Objective: The most common sites of colon cancer metastasis are the regional lymph nodes, liver, lung, bone and brain.

The patient was 65 years old and had CAF as a comorbidity. She was consulted for a recent dyspnea evolving in a context of altered general state without any digestive sign. A thoracic scan showed a medial mass measuring 53*56*60mm. The lung biopsy revealed a muscular adenocarcinoma of colorectal origin with immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratin 7 (CK7), 20 and cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, CDX2.The Pet Scan confirmed the existence of a hypermetabolic left anterosuperior medial mass in addition to a focal digestive hypermetabolism of the right colonic wall.

A colonoscopy was performed and showed a tumor process in the right colon with a histological and immunohistochemical profile compatible with that of the mediastinal metastasis. The tumor was MSS (microsatellite stable), RAS (rat sarcoma) and BRAF(v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1)wild type. The patient received a 3-month folfox-panitimumab combination with good tolerance and a partial response of about 50% on the metastasis.

Conclusions: This case report provide a highly unusual instance of colon adenocarcinoma with extensive mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis.
Advancing Water Conservation Techniques in Agriculture for Sustainable Resource Management: A review
Authors: Rastogi Mausmi , Kolur Shruti Mallikarjun , Burud Anand , Sadineni Tejaswini , Sekhar M. , Kumar Raj , Rajput Aashu
Published: March 2024

The evolution and impact of water conservation techniques in Indian agriculture, underlining their vital role in fostering sustainable resource management amidst increasing global water scarcity. It begins by exploring traditional water management practices, illuminating their historical relevance and the constraints they face in meeting contemporary agricultural demands. The focus then shifts to modern water conservation methods, including technological advancements in irrigation, such as drip irrigation, sprinkler systems, and subsurface irrigation, alongside agronomic practices like crop rotation, soil moisture management, and mulching, which collectively enhance water efficiency. It explores into the crucial influence of technology and innovation in Indian agriculture, spotlighting precision agriculture with a particular emphasis on sensors and IoT for water management, remote sensing, satellite imagery, and data-driven methodologies incorporating AI, machine learning, and decision support systems. Additionally, it investigates cutting-edge solutions like hydrogel technology for soil water retention and solar-powered irrigation systems. The review also addresses the significance of supportive policy frameworks, community-oriented water management strategies, and the role of education and awareness, highlighting government initiatives, international collaborations, NGO involvement, and farmer training programs. Regional case studies are presented to analyze the effects of these water conservation practices on sustainability and productivity, offering insights into lessons learned and the potential for replication. Lastly, the review identifies and discusses the challenges and barriers to implementation, encompassing economic and financial limitations, technological and infrastructural gaps, social and cultural obstacles, and environmental considerations. Ultimately, this review emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that synergistically integrates technology, policy, community engagement, and education, crucial for advancing water conservation in Indian agriculture and ensuring its sustainability and resilience amidst diverse environmental and socio-economic challenges.
Free-Vibration and Buckling Analyses of Beams using Kriging-Based Timoshenko Beam Elements with the Discrete Shear Gap Technique
Authors: Tjong Wong Foek , Tanoyo Nelvin , Gosaria Tonny C.
Published: March 2024

A family of locking-free Kriging-based Timoshenko beam elements with a new implementation of the discrete shear gap technique was recently developed (referred to as K-beam-DSG1 elements). Performance of the K-beam-DSG1 elements has been shown to be very satisfactory in the linear static analysis of beams for a wide variety of thicknesses. This paper presents further development of the K-beam-DSG1 elements to free vibration and bifurcation buckling analyses of prismatic and non-prismatic beams. Consistent Kriging-based mass matrices are used for free vibration analysis and similarly, consistent Kriging-based geometric stiffness matrices are used for buckling analysis. The results show that for most of the cases, the K-beam-DGS1 elements yield remarkably accurate natural frequencies and critical compressive loads using a reasonable number of elements to discretize the beam. For an axially functionally graded fixed-fixed supported beam, however, the elements fail to predict the critical load accurately.
Congenital Zika vírus syndrome: “we are just tools, the ral therapist is the family” / Síndrome congênita do Zika vírus: somos só ferramentas, o verdadeiro terapeuta é a família
Authors: Andrade Gleice Kelli Santana de , Marcon Sonia Silva , Benedito Júnior Cesar de Souza , Neves Eliane Tatsch , Ichisato Sueli Mutsumi Tsukuda , Teston Elen Ferraz
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: conhecer como os profissionais de saúde percebem a continuidade do cuidado às crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika vírus no contexto domiciliar. Método: estudo com abordagem qualitativa ancorado no referencial teórico do Cuidado Centrado no Paciente e na Família. Resultados: participaram 12 profissionais de saúde atuantes em um serviço especializado de uma capital do Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Verificou-se que a continuidade do cuidado às crianças com a síndrome no contexto domiciliar é influenciada pela insegurança do desconhecido, o receio do preconceito e pela organização familiar após o nascimento da criança. Conclusão: os profissionais de saúde buscam favorecer a continuidade do cuidado, incentivando o convívio social e a independência das crianças e orientam as famílias acerca de seus direitos.
Rheumatology care: Involvement in medical decisions, received information, satisfaction with care, and unmet health care needs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Kjeken Ingvild , Dagfinrud Hanne , Mowinckel Petter , Uhlig Till , Kvien Tore K. , Finset Arnstein
Published: May 2006

Objective

To examine levels of received information, involvement in medical decisions, and satisfaction with care, to explore factors related to current involvement in medical decisions, and to assess patients' unmet health care needs related to their disease.

Methods

A total of 1,193 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis completed self‐reported health status questionnaires, including registration of sociodemographic data and questions about rheumatology care. Separate questions addressed information received, involvement in decisions, and satisfaction with care. Aspects of unmet health were assessed by an open‐ended question.

Results

The majority of patients reported medium to high levels of received information, involvement in medical decisions, and satisfaction with care. High involvement in medical decisions was univariately associated with high levels of perceived information and satisfaction, as well as with lower age and a good health status. In the multivariate analyses, patient satisfaction (odds ratio [OR] 4.21) and a high level of received information (OR 7.85), age (OR 0.99), and >12 years of formal education (OR 1.46) remained as significant predictors to current involvement. Nearly one‐third reported a variety of unmet health care needs, and this report was associated with poor health.

Conclusion

The results indicate a need for a more flexible and patient centered care model, in which patients to a larger degree can decide which services they need and how these services should be delivered.
Electromagnetic and thermal characterization of an UHF‐applicator for concurrent irradiation and high resolution non‐perturbing optical microscopy of cells
Authors: Pickard William F. , Moros Eduardo G. , Cha Bibianna A. , Novak Petr
Published: May 2006

To permit trans‐illuminated, high‐resolution optical microscopy during unperturbed ultrahigh frequency (UHF) irradiation, a novel new class of applicator has been designed based upon a shielded‐pair transmission line. As constructed and tested with water‐immersion optics and air cooling, the applicator works most robustly over 700–1100 MHz and permits SARs at the cell layer as high as 50 W/kg before the steady state temperature rise at the cell‐layer exceeds 0.5 K. Bioelectromagnetics 27:593–601, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Process parameter shifting: Part I. Effect of DOT, pH, and temperature on the performance of Epo‐Fc expressing CHO cells cultivated in controlled batch bioreactors
Authors: Trummer Evelyn , Fauland Katharina , Seidinger Silke , Schriebl Kornelia , Lattenmayer Christine , Kunert Renate , Vorauer‐Uhl Karola , Weik Robert , Borth Nicole , Katinger Hermann , Müller Dethardt
Published: May 2006

The impact of process environment changes on process performance is one of the most crucial process safety issues when cultivating mammalian cells in a bioreactor. In contrast, directed shifting of process parameters can also be used as an optimization tool providing higher cell and product yields. Compared to other strategies that also aim on the regulation of cell growth and protein expression process parameter shifts can be easily performed without reagent addition or even genetic modification of the host cell line. However, a successful application of changing process conditions implies a profound understanding of the provoked physiological changes within the cells. In a systematic approach we varied the dissolved oxygen tension (DOT), pH, and temperature of CHO cultures in controlled bioreactors and investigated the impact on growth, productivity, metabolism, product quality and cell cycle distribution using a recombinant CHO cell line expressing the highly glycosylated fusion protein Epo‐Fc. We found the reduction of cultivation temperature and the reduction of (external) pH to exert the most significant effects on process performance by mainly reducing cell growth and metabolism. With respect to the cell line used we identified a set of parameters capable of affecting cell proliferation in favor of an increased specific productivity and total product yield. The well directed alteration of the process environment has emerged as a tool adequate for further process optimization applying a biphasic cultivation strategy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Investigation of the Self‐Assembly of Neutral, Interlaced, Triple‐Stranded Molecular Braids
Authors: Luan Xin‐Jun , Cai Xue‐Hua , Wang Yao‐Yu , Li Dong‐Sheng , Wang Cui‐Juan , Liu Ping , Hu Huai‐Ming , Shi Qi‐Zhen , Peng Shie‐Ming
Published: May 2006

The synthesis and structures of six compounds prepared in two different systems have been explored with the purpose of isolating coordination polymers with interlaced triple‐stranded molecular braid architectures. The dinuclear paddle‐wheel units of [Cu2(maa)4⋅2 H2O] can be rationally tuned to form three classes of isomorphous compounds, namely [Cu2(maa)4(bpp)] (1) (bpp=1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane, Hmaa=2‐methylacrylic acid), [Cu3(maa)6(bpp)2] (2), and[Cu4(maa)8(bpp)4(H2O)2]⋅2 H2O (3), with a bridging bpp ligand, at controlled ligand‐to‐metal molar ratios, and lead to three coordination polymers having similar one‐dimensional characteristics but different mono‐ and dinuclear nodes. Compound 1, with a bpp:[Cu2(maa)4⋅2 H2O] stoichiometry of 1:1, contains a zigzag chain containing dinuclear nodes, whereas polymer 2, with a bpp:[Cu2(maa)4⋅2 H2O] stoichiometry of 1.5:1, also adopts the topology of a zigzag chain but with both mono‐ and dinuclear nodes. Compound 3, with a bpp:[Cu2(maa)4⋅2 H2O] stoichiometry of 2:1, contains a neutral, interlaced, triple‐stranded molecular braid, which is interwoven by three single‐stranded meso‐helical chains that contain only a mononuclear node. With the three aromatic chelating terminal ligands 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (tpy), 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen), and di(2‐pyridyl)amine (dpa) we have also prepared three neutral complexes containing the linear, rigid bridging ligand biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate (bpdc), namely [Cd(bpdc)(tpy)]⋅H2O (4), [Cu(bpdc)(phen)2]⋅4.25 H2O (5), and [Cu(bpdc)(dpa)] (6). An infinite meso‐helix is formed initially in 4, and then three of these chains assemble into a triple‐stranded braid similar to that of 3. Complexes 5 and 6 have a mononuclear and a looped dinuclear structure, respectively. Compounds 3 and 4 are unusual examples of triple‐stranded molecular braid coordination frameworks based on different types of co‐ligands.
Electronic and vibrational circular dichroism of aromatic amino acids by density functional theory
Authors: Tanaka Takeyuki , Kodama Takashi S. , Morita Hayato E. , Ohno Takashi
Published: May 2006

Structures of model compounds mimicking aromatic amino acid residues in proteins are optimized by density functional theory (DFT), assuming that the main‐chain conformation was a random coil. Excitation energies and dipole and rotational strengths for the optimized structures were calculated based on time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT). The electronic circular dichroism (ECD) bands of the models were significantly affected by side‐chain conformations. Hydration models of the aromatic residues were also subjected to TD‐DFT calculations, and the ECD bands of these models were found to be highly perturbed by the hydration of the main‐chain amide groups. In addition to calculating the random‐coil conformation, we also performed TD‐DFT calculations of the aromatic residue models, assuming that the main‐chain conformation was an α‐helix or β‐strand. As expected, the overall feature of the ECD bands was also perturbed by the main‐chain conformations. Moreover, vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of the hydration models in a random‐coil structure were simulated by DFT, which showed that the VCD spectra are more sensitive to the side‐chain conformations than the ECD spectra. The present results show that analyses combining ECD and VCD spectroscopy and using DFT calculations can elucidate the main‐ and side‐chain conformations of aromatic residues in proteins. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deafferentation induces novel axonal projections in the auditory brainstem after hearing onset
Authors: Hsieh Candace Y. , Cramer Karina S.
Published: May 2006

Deafferentation of neural tissue can result in cell death, morphological changes, and/or alterations in sources of innervation. These changes often occur during a limited period of development. In the auditory brainstem, the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) projects to the contralateral but not ipsilateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB). This pathway is part of a circuit that computes interaural intensity differences used in sound localization. Previous studies have shown that, after the cochlea is removed early in postnatal development, cells in the VCN on the deafferented side die, and the intact VCN innervates MNTB on both sides of the brain. These changes after cochlea removal are limited to an early postnatal period that preceeds hearing onset. In this study, we lesioned the VCN directly to evaluate plasticity in axonal pathways after hearing onset. We found that novel projections from the intact VCN to ipsilateral MNTB emerge after lesions performed as late as postnatal day 25. The morphological sequence of events is similar to that seen during the initial development of this pathway. These data suggest that plasticity in the auditory brainstem is possible when pathways are challenged with denervation of target nuclei. The results show that the opportunity for plasticity in auditory brainstem circuitry is more prolonged than previously thought and that novel pathways can form after the normal pathways are fully mature and functional. Moreover, sensitive periods for changes in individual pathways are independently regulated. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:589–599, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Catalytic Nanodiode: Detecting Continous Electron Flow at Oxide–Metal Interfaces Generated by a Gas‐Phase Exothermic Reaction
Authors: Park Jeong Young , Somorjai Gabor A.
Published: May 2006

Continuous flow of ballistic charge carriers is generated by an exothermic chemical reaction and detected using the catalytic metal–semiconductor Schottky diode. We obtained a hot electron current for several hours using two types of catalytic nanodiodes, Pt/TiO2 or Pt/GaN, during carbon monoxide oxidation at pressures of 100 Torr of O2 and 40 Torr of CO at 413–573 K. This result reveals that the chemical energy of an exothermic catalytic reaction is directly converted into hot electrons flux in the catalytic nanodiode. By heating the nanodiodes in He, we could measure the thermoelectric current which is in the opposite direction to the flow of the hot electron current. The chemicurrent is well correlated with the turnover rate of CO oxidation, which is separately measured with gas chromatography. The influence of the flow of hot charge carriers on the chemistry at the oxide–metal interface, and the turnover rate in the chemical reaction are discussed.
Factors affecting stiffness properties in impacted morsellized bone used in revision hip surgery: An experimental in vitro study
Authors: Fosse Lars , Rønningen Helge , Benum Pål , Lydersen Stian , Sandven Rolf B
Published: May 2006

When revising loosened joint prosthesis, impacted morsellized bone is frequently used as organic scaffolding. We studied the relative influence that different bone particle size, impaction energy, and liquid content had on impacted bone stiffness. Bovine bone was morsellized in a bone mill by three grinding drums to produce bone with different chip size distribution. Next, portions of bone chips of controlled sizes were produced by a five‐leveled sieve. Layer by layer of bone are constructed into pellets by our experimental impaction method. This method allows us to vary one independent factor at a time in a controlled manner while keeping the other factors constant. Stiffness for all bone pellets were measured during impaction and loading. In earlier studies, we focused on how impaction force, number of impaction strokes, and bone liquid contents influence mechanical behavior. Here, we compare the outcome of all studies using general linear models. All five factors significantly contribute to stiffness of impacted morsellized bone. Changing bone moisture has major, while increasing the number of impaction strokes beyond five per layer has minor effect. Low water content is the main contributor to highest load stiffness. Optimal stability of impacted morsellized bone is achieved with dried and well‐graded particles. The number of heavy impaction strokes can be restricted. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Multiple copies of coding as well as pseudogene c‐mos sequence exist in three lacertid species
Authors: Pavlicev Mihaela , Mayer Werner
Published: May 2006

The analysis of a 581 bp section of the nuclear gene c‐mos revealed multiple copies of putative functional sequences as well as pseudogenes in three closely related lacertid species Lacerta laevis, L. kulzeri and L. cyanisparsa. A phylogenetic analysis of c‐mos in comparison with a molecular phylogeny based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene supports our findings. The study also provides new insights into the phylogenetic relationships of L. cyanisparsa and L. laevis.

Pseudogenes of the three species share 11 single‐nucleotide substitutions, a 1 bp deletion and a premature stop codon but differ by group‐specific mutations. This result suggests that the c‐mos gene has become duplicated and subsequently silenced already in the common ancestor of the three species. Sequence divergence suggests that the duplication and the loss of function occurred in the late Miocene/early Pliocene, i.e., about 5 million years ago. Indications of gene conversion are discussed.

We suggest that future studies using c‐mos for phylogenetic studies should provide evidence for the orthology of the sequences compared. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 306B, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromotropic acid‐functionalized polyurethane foam: A new sorbent for on‐line preconcentration and determination of cobalt and nickel in lettuce samples
Authors: Azevedo Lemos Valfredo , Novaes Santos Luana , Oliveira Alves Ana Paula , David Graciete Teixeira
Published: May 2006

A chromotropic acid‐functionalized polyurethane foam has been developed for use in an on‐line preconcentration system for cobalt and nickel determination. The packing material was prepared by covalent coupling of chromotropic acid with the polyurethane foam through an azo group. Co and Ni ions were sorbed in the minicolumn, from which they could be eluted directly to the nebulizer‐burner system of a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Elution of cobalt and nickel from the minicolumn can be accomplished with 0.50 and 0.75 M HCl solutions, respectively. The enrichment factors obtained were 22 (Co) and 27 (Ni), for 60 s preconcentration time, and 57 (Co) and 59 (Ni), if a preconcentration time of 180 s was used. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed procedure allowed the determination of metals with detection limits of 0.43 (cobalt) and 0.52 μg/L (nickel), respectively, on using preconcentration periods of 180 s. The accuracy of the developed procedure was evaluated by analysis of the certified reference materials NIST 1515 Apple Leaves and NIST 1570a Spinach Leaves. The method was applied to the analysis of lettuce samples. The contents of cobalt in the samples analyzed varied from 0.75 to 0.98 μg/g. Nickel was not detected in the lettuce samples.
Four decades of joy in mass spectrometry
Authors: Nibbering Nico M.M.
Published: May 2006

Tremendous developments in mass spectrometry have taken place in the last 40 years. This holds for both the science and the instrumental revolutions in this field. In chemistry the research was heavily focused on organic molecules that upon electron ionization fragmented via complex mechanistic pathways as shown by isotopic labeling experiments. These studies, including ion structure determinations, were performed with use of double focusing mass spectrometers of both conventional and reversed geometry, and equipped with various types of metastable ion scanning and collision‐induced dissociation techniques developed by physical and analytical chemists. Time‐resolved mass spectrometry by use of the field ionization kinetics method, developed by physical chemists, was another powerful way to unravel details of unimolecular gas phase ion dissociations. Then the development of new ionization methods, such as desorption chemical ionization, field desorption, and fast atom bombardment permitted not only to analyze unvolatile, thermally labile and higher molecular weight compounds, but also to study their chemical behavior in the gas phase, initially with use of double focusing instruments and later on with multisector and hybrid mass spectrometers. These ionization methods also enabled to study organometallic compounds and increasingly the field of medium‐sized to large biomolecules, the latter being exploded in the last decade by the development of electrospray‐ and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Another area of research concerned the bimolecular chemistry of organic ions with organic molecules in the gas phase. Initially this was performed with use of among others drift‐cell ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy, that later on was replaced by the developed method of ion trapping and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance. Combination of the latter with the afore‐mentioned ionization methods has shifted also in this case the research on organic molecules to organometallic/inorganic systems, and predominantly to biomolecules in the last decade. This invited review will describe the research efforts made by the author's group over the last 40 years together with some personal experiences during his career. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exact boundary observability for 1‐D quasilinear wave equations
Authors: Li (Daqian Li) Tatsien
Published: May 2006

By means of a direct and constructive method based on the theory of semi‐global C2 solution, the local exact boundary observability and an implicit duality between the exact boundary controllability and the exact boundary observability are shown for 1‐D quasilinear wave equations with various boundary conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the phosphorylation sites of Mycobacterium tuberculosis serine/threonine protein kinases, PknA, PknD, PknE, and PknH by mass spectrometry
Authors: Molle Virginie , Zanella‐Cleon Isabelle , Robin Jean‐Philippe , Mallejac Souen , Cozzone Alain J. , Becchi Michel
Published: May 2006

In Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), regulatory phosphorylation of proteins at serine and/or threonine residues by serine/threonine protein kinases (STPKs) is an emerging theme connected with the involvement of these enzymes in virulence mechanisms. The identification of phosphorylation sites in proteins provides a powerful tool to study signal transduction pathways and to identify the corresponding interaction networks. Detection of phosphorylated proteins as well as assignment of the phosphorylated sites in STPKs is a major challenge in proteomics since some of these enzymes might be interesting therapeutical targets. Using different strategies to identify phosphorylated residues, we report, in the present work, MS studies of the entire intracellular regions of recombinant protein kinases PknA, PknD, PknE, and PknH from Mtb. The on‐target dephosphorylation/MALDI‐TOF for identification of phosphorylated peptides was used in combination with LC‐ESI/MS/MS for localization of phosphorylation sites. By doing so, seven and nine phosphorylated serine and/or threonine residues were identified as phosphorylation sites in the recombinant intracellular regions of PknA and PknH, respectively. The same technique led also to the identification of seven phosphorylation sites in each of the two recombinant kinases, PknD and PknE.
Theoretical analysis of low‐lying charge transfer states in [Ru(X) (Me)(CO)2(Me‐DAB)] (XCl, I; DAB1,4‐diaza‐1,3‐butadiene) complexes by TDDFT and CASSCF/CASPT2 methods
Authors: Amor N. Ben , Záliš S. , Daniel C.
Published: May 2006

The near‐ultraviolet (UV)/visible electronic spectroscopy of [Ru(X)(Me)(CO)2(Me‐DAB)] (XCl or I; DAB1,4‐diaza‐1,3‐butadiene), model complexes for a series of α‐diimine halide complexes of ruthenium is investigated by means of time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and complete active space self‐consistent field/CAS second‐order perturbation theory (CASSCF/CASPT2) methods. The convergence on the calculated transition energies to the low‐lying metal‐to‐ligand‐charge‐transfer (MLCT), X‐to‐ligand‐charge‐transfer (XLCT) with X a halide ligand) or sigma‐bond‐to‐ligand‐charge‐transfer (SBLCT) is analyzed for both methods with respect to various methodological aspects: basis set effects and functional influence on the TDDFT results versus the influence of the size and quality of the CASSCF and of the level of the perturbational treatment (single‐state or multi‐state) on the CASSCF/CASPT2 transition energies. On the basis of these accurate calculations, it is shown that whereas the lowest singlet state can be assigned to a nearly pure XLCT state in [Ru(I)(Me)(CO)2(Me‐DAB)], its character is mainly MLCT in [Ru(Cl)(Me)(CO)2(Me‐DAB)], in agreement with time‐resolved emission/infrared (IR) and resonance Raman experimental data. The experimental bands are well reproduced by the CASSCF/CASPT2 calculations despite the difficulty at converging to stable transition energies when enlarging the CASSCF. The TDDFT transitions energies are affected dramatically by the percentage of Hartree–Fock exchange in the hybrid functional. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Diagnostik von Ressourcen im Alter
Authors: Forstmeier Simon , Uhlendorff Harald , Maercker Andreas
Published: May 2006

Zusammenfassung: Als Ergänzung zur psychopathologisch orientierten Diagnostik zieht seit einiger Zeit die Beschäftigung mit Stärken, Kompetenzen und Ressourcen einer Person Aufmerksamkeit auf sich, zuletzt unter den Bemühungen der Positiven Psychologie. Gerade die Alterspsychotherapie kann von einer Ressourcenorientierung profitieren. Dieser Artikel verfolgt zum einen das Ziel, Instrumente zur Diagnostik verschiedener Ressourcen darzustellen, zum anderen Befunde zu positiven Konsequenzen dieser Ressourcen im Alter zusammenzufassen. Berücksichtigt werden emotionale Ressourcen (positiver Affekt, Lebenszufriedenheit, Selbstwerterleben), motivationale Ressourcen (Kontrollüberzeugung, Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung, dispositionaler Optimismus, optimistischer Attributionsstil, Hoffnung, intrinsische Lebensziele), volitionale Ressourcen (Handlungsorientierung, Selbstregulation und Selbstkontrolle, Aufmerksamkeitsregulation, Emotionsregulation), interpersonale Ressourcen (Bindung, Altruismus, soziale Verantwortung, Vergebung, Humor) und soziale Ressourcen (soziales Netzwerk, soziale Unterstützung, Partnerbeziehung). Diskutiert wird die Notwendigkeit einer Diagnostik der Ressourcen in der Psychotherapie, vorgeschlagene Änderungen am DSM-IV und Schlussfolgerungen für geplante Forschungsprojekte.
Estimation of atmospheric methane emissions between 1996 and 2001 using a three‐dimensional global chemical transport model
Authors: Chen Yu‐Han , Prinn Ronald G.
Published: May 2006

Using an atmospheric inversion approach, we estimate methane surface emissions for different methane regional sources between 1996 and 2001. Data from 13 high‐frequency and 79 low‐frequency CH4 observing sites have been averaged into monthly mean values with associated errors arising from instrumental precision, mismatch error, and sampling frequency. Simulated methane mole fractions are generated using the 3‐D global chemical transport model (MATCH), driven by NCEP analyzed observed meteorology (T62 resolution), which accounts for the impact of synoptic and interannually varying transport on methane observations. We adapted the Kalman filter to optimally estimate methane flux magnitudes and uncertainties from seven seasonally varying (monthly varying flux) and two aseasonal sources (constant flux). We further tested the sensitivity of the inversion to different observing sites, filtered versus unfiltered observations, different model sampling strategies, and alternative emitting regions. Over the 1996–2001 period the inversion reduces energy emissions and increases rice and biomass burning emissions relative to the a priori emissions. The global seasonal emission peak is shifted from August to July because of increased rice and wetland emissions from southeast Asia. The inversion also attributes the large 1998 increase in atmospheric CH4 to global wetland emissions. The current CH4 observational network can significantly constrain northern emitting regions but not tropical emitting regions. Better estimates of global OH fluctuations are also necessary to fully describe interannual methane observations. This is evident in the inability of the optimized emissions to fully reproduce the observations at Samoa.
Modeling CO2 exchange over a Bornean tropical rain forest using measured vertical and horizontal variations in leaf‐level physiological parameters and leaf area densities
Authors: Kumagai Tomo`omi , Ichie Tomoaki , Yoshimura Mitsunori , Yamashita Megumi , Kenzo Tanaka , Saitoh Taku M. , Ohashi Mizue , Suzuki Masakazu , Koike Takayoshi , Komatsu Hikaru
Published: May 2006

Southeast Asian tropical rain forests are among the world's most important biomes in terms of global carbon cycling; nevertheless, the impact of environmental factors on the ecosystem CO2 flux remains poorly understood. One‐dimensional multilayer biosphere‐atmosphere models such as soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere transfer (SVAT) models are promising tools for understanding how interactions between environmental factors and leaf‐level physiological parameters might impact canopy‐level CO2 exchange. To examine application of the SVAT model in tropical rain forests, which is expected to be difficult partly because of the complex canopy structure and large number of tree species, we measured vertical and horizontal variations in leaf‐level physiological parameters and leaf area densities together with eddy covariance measurements using a canopy crane in a tropical rain forest in Sarawak, Malaysia. Despite differences in species and canopy positions, leaf nitrogen per unit area (Na) within the canopy could be one‐dimensionally described as a linear function of height. Na also clearly explained the other leaf‐level physiological parameters across species and canopy positions. Even though the leaf area density profile likely varies in this tropical forest, the SVAT model satisfactorily reproduced the eddy covariance measurements. Furthermore, the CO2 flux calculated on the assumption that Na measured in the upper canopy was distributed evenly throughout was almost the same as that taking the vertical gradient into consideration. These findings suggest that when reproducing the CO2 flux in tropical rain forests using the SVAT model, the leaf area density profile obtained from the leaf area index (LAI) measured at one point and leaf‐level physiological properties measured across species in the upper canopy are sufficient.
Forecasting U.S. hurricanes 6 months in advance
Authors: Elsner J. B. , Murnane R. J. , Jagger T. H.
Published: May 2006

Katrina is a grim reminder of the serious social and economic threat that hurricanes pose to the United States. Recent advances in hurricane climate science provide skillful forecasts of the U.S. hurricane threat at (or near) the start of the season. Predictions of hurricane landfalls at longer lead times (forecast horizons) for the complete hurricane season would greatly benefit risk managers and others interested in acting on these forecasts. Here we show a model that provides a 6‐month forecast horizon for annual hurricane counts along the U.S. coastline during the June through November hurricane season using the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Atlantic sea‐surface temperature (SST) as predictors. Forecast skill exceeds that of climatology. The long‐lead skill is linked to the persistence of Atlantic SST and to teleconnections between North Atlantic sea‐level pressures and precipitation variability over North America and Europe. The model is developed using Bayesian regression and therefore incorporates the full set of Atlantic hurricane data extending back to 1851.
Revised IR spectrum, radiative efficiency and global warming potential of nitrogen trifluoride
Authors: Robson J. I. , Gohar L. K. , Hurley M. D. , Shine K. P. , Wallington T. J.
Published: May 2006

Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) is an industrial gas used in the semiconductor industry as a plasma etchant and chamber cleaning gas. NF3 is an alternative to other potent greenhouse gases and its usage has increased markedly over the last decade. In recognition of its increased relevance and to aid planning of future usage we report an updated radiative efficiency and global warming potentials for NF3. Laboratory measurements give an integrated absorption cross section of 7.04 × 10−17 cm2 molecule−1 cm−1 over the spectral region 200–2000 cm−1. The radiative efficiency is calculated to be 0.21 Wm−2 ppbv−1 and the 100 year GWP, relative to carbon dioxide, is 17200. These values are approximately 60% higher than previously published estimates, primarily reflecting the higher infrared absorption cross‐sections reported here.
Experimental investigations on the suppression of Q switching in monolithic 40GHz mode-locked semiconductor lasers
Authors: Hüttl B. , Kaiser R. , Kindel Ch. , Fidorra S. , Rehbein W. , Stolpe H. , Sahin G. , Bandelow U. , Radziunas M. , Vladimirov A. , Heidrich H.
Published: May 2006

Inherent Q switching as a source of intracavity pulse energy modulations, i.e., unwanted amplitude noise, is still a challenging task in order to fabricate monolithic mode-locked semiconductor lasers in view of different commercial applications. In this letter, the results of experimental investigations on the influence of the quantum well number on the occurrence and suppression of Q switching in 40GHz mode-locked multiple quantum well lasers are presented. Improved mode-locked lasers emit short optical pulses (⩽1.6ps) with very low amplitude noise (1%–2%) and timing jitter (50–100fs).
Chalcogenide glass Raman fiber laser
Authors: Jackson Stuart D. , Anzueto-Sánchez Gilberto
Published: May 2006

We report the operation of a chalcogenide glass Raman fiber laser. To mitigate photoinduced effects and minimize impurity absorption, a 2051nm Tm3+-doped silica fiber laser was employed as the pump source. Vibrations between the polymerlike layers comprising the glass produced first Stokes emission at 2062nm, an output power of 0.64W, and a slope efficiency of ∼66%. Bond bending and bond stretching vibrations within the layers simultaneously produced first Stokes output at 2102nm (0.2W) and 2166nm (16mW), respectively. Second Stokes output at 2074nm was produced when the fiber length was extended.
Parametric study of an eruptive fire behaviour model
Authors: Viegas Domingos X.
Published: May 2006

The application of a mathematical model to predict dynamic fire behaviour with different types of fuels is explored. This model predicts the occurrence of eruptive fire behaviour that is observed mainly in steep slopes and canyons. The practical range of the parameters involved in the model is estimated and their average values for four main fuel types are presented. The predicted differences in dynamic fire behaviour between light and heavy fuels are justified by observations. Given the importance of time as a factor in fire behaviour it is proposed to include it explicitly in the set of factors affecting fire behaviour in a ‘square of fire’ instead of a ‘triangle of fire’.
A „LEPORE” TYPE OF HYBRID γ GLOBULIN
Authors: Kunkel H. G. , Natvig J. B. , Joslin F. G.
Published: May 2006

No explanation has been available concerning the γ globulin defect in a unique family with one member whose serum was devoid of all the usual Gm genetic antigens. In the present study, it was found that this serum lacks ordinary γG1 and γG3 proteins and contains instead hybrid molecules of the type γG3-γG1. These were demonstrated most clearly by the precipitation of γG1 proteins with antisera specific for γG3 antigens. The analogy to the delta-beta chain hybrids, established for Lepore-type hemoglobins, was striking. An unequal homologous crossover involving mispairing of heavy chain cistrons would readily explain the deletion of genetic markers.
PROPERTIES OF NUCLEAR RNA IN SEA URCHIN EMBRYOS
Authors: Aronson Arthur I. , Wilt Fred H.
Published: May 2006

Pulse-labeled RNA in early sea urchin embryos (64 cells to mesenchyme blastulase) is found almost exclusively associated with the nucleus and turns over very rapidly. The rate of labeling of the cytoplasm is much slower and is consistent with the transfer of 6 per cent of the nuclear RNA made every 15-20 minutes. Most of the pulse-labeled nuclear RNA exists in membrane-bound polyribosomes.
ENZYMATIC CLEAVAGE AND REPAIR OF TRANSFORMING DNA
Authors: Laipis P. J. , Olivera B. M. , Ganesan A. T.
Published: May 2006

Single-strand nicks caused by DNase I are capable of inactivating
B. subtilis
transforming DNA. Under suitable conditions, the polynucleotide joining enzyme from
E. coli
and a similar DPN-requiring activity from
B. subtilis
can completely repair this damage, restore biological activity, and increase the single-strand molecular weight. The rates of inactivation of a single genetic marker and of a four-marker linkage group suggest that a single-strand nick is inactivating even when far from the site of genetic damage.
ON THE THOMAS-FERMI EQUATION
Authors: Hille Einar
Published: May 2006

A study has been made of some mathematical aspects of the Thomas-Fermi equation. This is a preliminary report on the results obtained, including (1) convergence of relevant series, (2) existence of unbounded solutions, (3) existence of solutions having an arbitrary branch point, (4) determination of a class of solutions bounded for large values of the variable, and (5) determination of a class of solutions unbounded for small values.
TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF dl-19-NOR-16,17-DEHYDROPROGESTERONE
Authors: Daum Sol J. , Clarke Robert L. , Archer Sydney , Johnson William S.
Published: May 2006

dl
-2-(7,11-Dimethyl-3,7,11 -
trans,trans
-dodecatrienyl)-3-methyl-cyclopent-2-enol was prepared by reduction of the corresponding ketone. This tetraenol, on treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, underwent stereoselective cyclization to give
dl
-3,17-dimethyl-A-nor-D-homoestra-3,16-diene. This tetracyclic material was readily converted, by oxidative cleavage to the bicyclic triketo aldehyde followed by a double aldol cyclization, into
dl
-19-nor-16,17-dehydroprogesterone.
A TEMPLATE-SELECTIVE INHIBITOR OF
in vitro
TRANSCRIPTION
Authors: Wilson David L. , Geiduschek E. Peter
Published: May 2006

A macromolecular factor, TF1, has been isolated from bacteriophage SP01-infected
B. subtilis
. TF1 selectively inhibits
in vitro
transcription of SP01 and related viral DNA. Evidence is presented regarding these properties of the repressor-like TF1: (1) template and conformational specificity; (2) interaction with DNA rather than RNA polymerase; (3) trypsin sensitivity; (4) reversibility of action; and (5) ability to block initiation, but not propagation, of RNA synthesis.
FAKE TORI, THE ANNULUS CONJECTURE, AND THE CONJECTURES OF KIRBY
Authors: Hsiang W. C. , Shaneson J. L.
Published: May 2006

The main result of this note (Theorem A) is that the set of piecewise linear (P.L.) manifolds of the same homotopy type as the
n
-torus,

T
n
, n

≥ 5, is in one-to-one correspondence with the orbits of A

n
-3

(π
1

T
n

) [unk]
Z
2
under the natural action of the automorphism group of π
1

T
n

. Every homotopy torus has a finite cover P.L. homeomorphic to

T
n

; hence the generalized annulus conjecture holds in dimension ≥5 (Kirby, R. C., “Stable homeomorphisms,” manuscript in preparation). The methods of this classification are also used to study some conjectures of R. C. Kirby (manuscript in preparation) related to triangulating manifolds.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC DEMONSTRATION OF BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE LIMBIC SYSTEM DURING AVOIDANCE TRAINING
Authors: Beach Garnet , Emmens Michael , Kimble Daniel Porter , Lickey Marvin
Published: May 2006

After injection of leucine-H
3
, members from eight triplets of rats were assigned to one of three treatment groups: avoidance learning, the same handling and shocks without opportunity to learn, or passive control. Autoradiographic grains over all nuclei were counted “blind.” In the hippocampus, the number of grains for the learning rats was reliably greater than that for either control. The differences approached statistical significance in the entorhinal cortex and the septal area but not in other brain areas or in the liver. Although the processes responsible for the increased incorporation are not yet defined, these changes probably are the result of learning rather than of stress.
EVIDENCE FOR INTERGENIC COMPLEMENTATION IN HYBRID CELLS DERIVED FROM TWO HUMAN DIPLOID STRAINS EACH CARRYING AN X-LINKED MUTATION
Authors: Siniscalco Marcello , Klinger Harold P. , Eagle Harry , Koprowski Hilary , Fujimoto Wilfred Y. , Seegmiller J. Edwin
Published: May 2006

Two male diploid fibroblast strains, each carrying deficiency mutations at different X-linked loci (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase) have been successfully hybridized. The resulting mononucleated hybrid cells have been shown to synthesize both normal gene products, indicating that both X chromosomes are functionally active in the hybrid cells. We believe this is the first reported example of intergenic complementation in fused human diploid cells.
LOCAL STIMULATION OF GROWTH IN PRIMARY CULTURES OF CHICK EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS
Authors: Gurney T.
Published: May 2006

Confluent, slowly growing primary cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts were stimulated to grow more rapidly by making discontinuities in the monolayers by a “wounding” procedure. Growth was measured by mitotic index and by the fraction of cells synthesizing DNA as determined by autoradiography. Faster growth was confined to free cells at the edges of the discontinuities. Cells enclosed on all sides were not stimulated to renewed DNA synthesis, even when within 0.2 mm of the discontinuities. The time of appearance of increased rate of growth induced by wounding was measured and found to be similar to the time of a transient growth stimulation among enclosed cells induced by a change of medium. The increased rate of growth among free cells was not transient, however, and persisted as long as it was examined. To rule out possible artifacts incurred in wounding, a free edge was created by seeding trypsinized cells as a confluent sheet in a confined area of the tissue culture plate. Here also the growth rate of cells along the edge was much higher than in the confluent areas. It was concluded that interactions at short range between cells in culture can play an important role in regulating their growth.
A NEW CLASS OF LIPIDS: CHLOROSULFOLIPIDS
Authors: Elovson John , Vagelos P. R.
Published: May 2006

Acid hydrolysis of sulfolipids from
Ochromonas danica
liberates 13-chloro-docosan-1,14-diol; 11,15-dichloro-docosan-1,14-diol; and other docosan-diols with three to six chlorine atoms per molecule. In stationary cells grown on 1.47 mM Cl
-
, the majority of sulfolipids are chlorinated, with the hexachloro species being the most abundant.