bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Full Window Data Independent Acquisition Method for Deeper Top-down Proteomics
Authors: Sun Chen , Zhang Wenjing , Zhou Mowei , Myu Martin , Xu Wei
Published: November 2024

Top-down proteomics (TDP) is emerging as a vital tool for the comprehensive characterization of proteoforms. However, as its core technology, top-down mass spectrometry (TDMS) still faces significant analytical challenges. While data-independent acquisition (DIA) has revolutionized bottom-up proteomics and metabolomics, they are rarely employed in TDP. The unique feature of protein ions in an electrospray mass spectrum, as well as the data complexity require the development of new DIA strategies. This study introduces a machine learning assisted Full Window DIA (FW-DIA) method that eliminates precursor ion isolation, making it compatible with a wide range of commercial mass spectrometers. Moreover, FW-DIA leverages all precursor protein ions to generate high-quality tandem mass spectra, enhancing signal intensities by ∼50-fold and protein sequence coverage by threefold in a modular protein analysis. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of a five-protein mixture under native conditions andEscherichia coliribosomal proteoform characterization.
Green synthesis, characterization, and potential antimicrobial studies of Ag-MgO nanocomposites mediated fromTalinum triangulareleaf extract
Authors: Gildas Fonye Nyuyfoni , Awawou Paboudam Gbambie , Leonard Kwati , Ndzeidze Gilbert Njowir , Meva Francois Eya’ane
Published: November 2024

In this study, Ag-MgONCs (silver-magnesium oxide nanocomposites) were fabricated usingTalinum triangulareleaf extract as a renewable, mild reducing, and stabilizing agent. The synthesis process involved molecular interactions between pre-prepared AgNPs (silver nanoparticles) andin situ-prepared MgO. Confirmation of the nanocomposites came from micrographic images obtained through SEM-EDX analysis. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed a characteristic nanocomposite size of 295 nm. The infrared spectrum (FTIR) proved interactions betweenT. triangulareand Ag. Additionally, X-ray patterns of AgNPs and Ag-MgONCs confirmed hexagonal and cubic crystalline states, respectively, with average particle sizes of 17 nm. Furthermore, anin vitroanalysis against five bacterial strains (Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae, andProteus mirabilis) revealed pronounced activity of the nanocomposites, particularly againstProteus mirabilis, indicating bactericidal potential.
Imaging Ultraweak Photon Emission from Living and Dead Mice and from Plants under Stress
Authors: Salari V. , Seshan V. , Frankle L. , England D. , Simon C. , Oblak D.
Published: November 2024

The phenomenon of biological ultraweak photon emission (UPE), that is, extremely low-intensity emission (10−103photons/cm2/sec) in the spectral range of 200−1000 nm, has been observed in all living systems that have been examined. Here we report experiments that exemplify the ability of novel imaging systems to detect variations in UPE for a set of physiologically important scenarios. We use EMCCD and CCD cameras to capture single visible-wavelength photons with low noise and quantum efficiencies higher than 90%. Our investigation reveals significant contrast between the UPE from live vs. dead mice. In plants we observed that an increase in temperature and injuries both caused an increase in UPE intensity. Moreover, chemical treatments modified the UPE emission characteristics of plants, particularly the application of an anesthetic (benzocaine) to injury, which showed the highest emission among the compounds tested. As a result, UPE imaging provides the possibility of non-invasive label-free imaging of vitality in animals and the responses of plants to stress.
Systematics investigation of key drivers of lung adenocarcinoma: A focus on genes, pathways, and miRNAs
Authors: Navaei Maryam , Karami Fatemeh , Jahanimoghadam Aria , Zareei Sara , Khorsand Babak
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Lung cancer remain a leading cause of cancer-related death, largely due to its asymptomatic progression in early stages and the development of drug resistance. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80% of all lung cancer cases, with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) being the most prevalent subtype. Despite advancements in treatment, the 5-year survival rate for LUAD remains low. Therefore, exploring gene networks may reveal novel therapeutic targets and pave the way for improved

Method

A comprehensive literature review was conducted across various databases containing multi- level genomic information. From this, a robust list of LUAD-related genes was curated. These genes were used to construct a weighted network based on KEGG pathway similarity. The network was subjected to clustering, hub gene detection, and gene ontology analysis. In parallel, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed around these genes, which was further enriched with miRNA data to develop a gene-miRNA regulatory network.

Results

Following our analysis, 48 genes were identified as crucial to LUAD. Many of these genes, along with their corresponding miRNAs, were found to be either upregulated or downregulated in LUAD tissues. The hub genes and miRNAs identified are believed to play key roles in the initiation and progression of LUAD. Our network analysis highlighted PIK3CA, BRAF, EGFR, ERBB2, FGFR3, MTOR, and TP53, along with KRAS, MET, and FGFR2, as potential biomarkers. Additionally, miR-17-5p and miR-27a-3p, which are notably implicated in LUAD, emerged as novel biomarker candidates.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we employed a combination of bioinformatics techniques and database mining to derive a refined list of genes and miRNAs with high potential for further research in LUAD. We also identified core pathways that play a critical role in LUAD pathogenesis, providing a foundation for future studies aimed at developing more targeted therapeutic approaches.
Dynamic changes in methadone distribution for opioid use disorder treatment from 2019 to 2023
Authors: Golden Amelia G , Piper Brian J
Published: November 2024

Background

Opioid-related overdoses are a major concern in the United States (US) stemming from the high rates of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). The rates of US overdoses continue to exceed one-hundred thousand per year. Methadone, a medication used as a treatment for OUD, is effective in reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms which improves the quality of life for OUD. This study analyzed the distribution of methadone to Opioid Treatment Programs (OTP) across the US including the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

Methods

The weight of methadone (in grams) was gathered from the Drug Enforcement Administration’s Automated Reports and Consolidated Ordering System (ARCOS) database and population data from the US Census Bureau. The number of OTPs per state from the ARCOS Database was obtained. GraphPad Prism Version10.2.3 was used to make figures and perform data analysis. A paired t-test compared distribution in 2019 to 2023. Datawrapper was used to create heat maps.

Results

Analyzing the population-adjusted percent change by state from 2019 to 2023 showed 32 states had a positive percent change (61.5%), 19 states had a negative one (36.5%), and one state had no change (1.9%). The percent change between 2019 and 2023 (+6.2%) was statistically significant (p=0.047). When looking at the number of OTPs (population-adjusted), there was a twenty-fold state-level difference in 2023.

Discussion

Although there was a modest increase overall, there were pronounced state-level differences in methadone distribution across the nation. An emphasis on establishing policies to make a positive change widespread over the nation is crucial. New policies are urgently needed to increase the availability of OUD treatments more widely by initiating more OTPs and a more treatment retention focused program to reverse the escalation in overdose deaths.
Effects of Joint Mobilization on Pain, Range of Motion, and Function in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chen Xiaotin , Yu Debiao , Lin Yaoyu , Chen Peng , Shao Bin , Wu Fuchun
Published: November 2024

Abstracts

Background

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common degenerative joint disease that severely affects patients’ quality of life. Joint-mobilization technique reportedly improves joint pain, limited mobility, and dysfunction significantly. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically assess the clinical efficacy of joint-mobilization technique treatment on the level of knee pain, function, and mobility in patients with KOA. We also aimed to provide evidence-based medical data for the clinical management of KOA.

Methods

We searched four English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane) and three Chinese databases (China Biomedical Literature Database, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang). The search date was from the date of inception to February 1, 2024 for each database. Randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of joint release in KOA were identified. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 17.0.

Results

A total of 8 studies involving 432 patients with KOA were included. Our meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in knee pain level (SMD=-1.69, 95% CI [-1.74, -0.82] Z=3.96 P<0.0001), WOMAC scale (SMD=-0.74 95% CI [-1.39, -0.10] Z= 2.25 P=0.02) were significantly improved. However, they were not superior to controls in knee flexion (SMD=2.3 95% CI [0.98, 3.62] Z=3.41 P=0.00006) and extension mobility (SMD=1.79, 95% CI [1.38, 2.20], Z=8.54,P<0.00001).

Conclusion

Joint-mobilization technique has some advantages in improving the degree of knee pain and dysfunction in patients with KOA, but it is not better than the control group in improving knee mobility. This study provides theoretical support for the promotion of joint-mobilization technique in KOA treatment.
The loss of both pUL16 and pUL21 in HSV-1 infected cells abolishes cytoplasmic envelopment
Authors: Roddy Kellen , Grzesik Peter , Smith Barbara , Ko Nathan , Vashee Sanjay , Desai Prashant J.
Published: November 2024

Previously, we had developed synthetic genomics methods to assemble an infectious clone of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1). To do this, the genome was assembled from 11 separate cloned fragments in yeast using transformation associated recombination. The eleven fragments or “parts” spanned the 152 kb genome and recombination was achieved because of the overlapping homologous sequences between each fragment. To demonstrate the robustness of this genome assembly method for reverse genetics, we engineered different mutations that were located in distant loci on the genome and built a collection of HSV-1 genomes that contained single and different combination of mutations in 5 conserved HSV-1 genes. The five genes: UL7, UL11, UL16, UL21 and UL51 encode virion structural proteins and have varied functions in the infected cell. Each is dispensable for virus replication in cell culture, however, combinatorial analysis of deletions in the five genes revealed “synthetic-lethality” of some of the genetic mutations. Thus, it was discovered that any virus that carried a UL21 mutation in addition to the other gene was unable to replicate in Vero cells. Replication was restored in a complementing cell line that provided pUL21 in trans. One particular combination (UL16-UL21) was of interest because the proteins encoded by these genes are known to physically interact and are constituents of the tegument structure. Furthermore, their roles in HSV-1 infected cells are unclear. Both are dispensable for HSV-1 replication, however, in HSV-2 their mutation results in nuclear retention of assembled capsids. We thus characterized these viruses that carry the single and double mutant. What we discovered is that in cells where both pUL16 and pUL21 are absent, cytoplasmic capsids were evident but did not mature into enveloped particles. The capsid particles isolated from these cells showed significantly lower levels of incorporation of both VP16 and pUL37 when compared to the wild-type capsids. These data now show that of the tegument proteins, like the essential pUL36, pUL37 and VP16; the complex of pUL16 and pUL21 should be considered as important mediators of cytoplasmic maturation of the particle.
The Microbial Ecology of Serpentinites
Authors: Colman Daniel R. , Templeton Alexis S. , Spear John R. , Boyd Eric S.
Published: November 2024

Serpentinization, the collective set of geochemical reactions initiated by the hydration of ultramafic rock, has occurred throughout Earth history and is inferred to occur on several planets and moons in our solar system. These reactions generate highly reducing conditions that can drive organic synthesis reactions potentially conducive to the emergence of life, while concomitantly generating fluids that are challenging for life owing to hyperalkalinity and limited inorganic carbon (and oxidant) availability. Consequently, serpentinite-hosted biospheres offer insights into the earliest life, the habitable limits for life, and the potential for life on other planets. However, the ability of serpentinites to support abundant microbial communities was only recognized ∼20 years ago with the discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents emanating serpentinized fluids. Here, we review the microbial ecology of marine and continental serpentinite-hosted biospheres in conjunction with a comparison of publicly available metagenomic sequence data from these communities to provide a global perspective of serpentinite ecology. Synthesis of observations across global systems reveal consistent themes in the diversity, ecology, and functioning of communities. Nevertheless, individual systems exhibit nuances due to local geology, hydrology, and input of oxidized, near-surface/seawater fluids. Further, several new (and old) questions remain including the provenance of carbon to support biomass synthesis, the physical and chemical limits of life in serpentinites, the mode and tempo ofin situevolution, and the extent to which modern serpentinites serve as analogs for those on early Earth. These topics are explored herein from a microbial perspective to outline key knowledge-gaps that should be a focus of future research.
Rare and novelRELAvariants are common in systemic autoimmunity
Authors: Downes Morgan B. , Nambadan Sonia B. , Chow Joanne , Davies Ainsley , Hart Gemma , Andrews Thomas D. , Lehmann Nicole , Bales Isabella , Vengatasalam Alamelu , Kitching Arthur Richard , Walters Giles , Athanasopoulos Vicki , Jiang Simon
Published: November 2024

Objective

Phenotypic diversity of autoimmune diseases presents an ongoing diagnostic and drug development challenge for clinicians and scientists. Recent discovery of mutations inRELA(encoding RELA) in patients with different diagnoses has highlighted that different pathogenic molecular mechanisms are at play and may explain the observed phenotypic diversity. We identified seven novel/rareRELAvariants in patients with autoimmune diseases and examine the functional consequences on immune signalling.

Methods

Wild type and mutant RELA proteins were ectopically expressed in HEK293 cells. Western blot and NF-κB/IFNβ luciferase reporter assays were used to determine RELA expression and transcriptional activity, respectively. In patients (n=3), B and T cell populations were examined via flow cytometry and NF-κB and interferon stimulated genes in PBMCs were assessed via qPCR following toll-like receptor activation.

Results

RELAI250V, RELAR295Hand RELAE3*displayed a loss in NF-κB transcriptional activity. Comparative to RELAWT, RELAI250Vprotein expression was reduced. Two variants,RELAI250VandRELAR295H, induced hyperactivation of theIFNβpromoter. An elevated IFN gene signature was not detected in patient PBMCs following toll-like receptor activation, however the patient heterozygous for I250V had elevatedIFNβtranscripts at baseline and after TLR7/8 activation. A reduction in transitional, unswitched memory and memory B cell and cTfh (CCR6-CXCR3-) T cell subsets was shared by the patient group.

Conclusion

We expand upon the clinical syndromes linked to RELA dysfunction and uncover rare and novel variants that have distinct functional effects on gene transcription downstream ofNF-κBandIFNβpromoter elements. These findings reinforce an important role for RELA in a range of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.
Oscillatory coupling between thalamus, cerebellum and motor cortex in essential tremor
Authors: Steina Alexandra , Sure Sarah , Butz Markus , Vesper Jan , Schnitzler Alfons , Hirschmann Jan
Published: November 2024

Background

Essential tremor is hypothesized to emerge from synchronized oscillatory activity within the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit. However, this hypothesis has not yet been tested using local field potentials directly recorded from the thalamus alongside signals from both the cortex and cerebellum, leaving a gap in the understanding of essential tremor.

Objectives

To clarify the importance of cerebello-thalamo-cortical oscillatory coupling for essential tremor.

Methods

We investigated oscillatory coupling between thalamic local field potentials and simultaneously recorded magnetoencephalography in 19 essential tremor patients with externalized deep brain stimulation electrodes. Brain activity was measured while patients repeatedly adopted a tremor-provoking posture and while pouring rice from one cup to another. In a whole-brain analysis of coherence between the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus and cortex, we contrasted epochs containing tremor and epochs lacking tremor.

Results

Both postural and kinetic tremor were associated with an increase of thalamic power and thalamo-cortex coherence at individual tremor frequency in the bilateral cerebellum and primary sensorimotor cortex contralateral to tremor. These areas also exhibited an increase in corticomuscular coherence in the presence of tremor. The coupling of motor cortex to both thalamus and muscle correlated with tremor amplitude during postural tremor.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that essential tremor is indeed associated with increased oscillatory coupling at tremor frequency within a cerebello-thalamo-cortical network, with coupling strength directly reflecting tremor severity.
Do the technological anxiety, privacy and physical risks matter in retail customers'‏ ‏adoption of AR‏ ‏apps? An extended UTAUT2 approach
Authors: Elsotouhy Mohamed M. , Khashan Mohamed A. , Thabet Mumen Z. , Galal Hany M. , Ghonim Mohamed A.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Due to augmented reality (AR) technology improvements, the retail industry has embraced smart retailing as its primary business model. Therefore, organizations must comprehend the intricacies of AR adoption to persuade clients to adopt this revolutionary technology effectively. Thus, the current study proposes and evaluates a comprehensive model that includes unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2), privacy concerns, physical risks and technological anxiety to predict customers’ intention to use AR apps in the retail industry in the Egyptian context.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study examines 398 responses from Egyptian shoppers using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Snowball sampling was employed in the existing study. The participants were selected using a “self-selection” strategy, which is an excellent method for research investigations in which the participants freely participate.

Findings

Consumers’ intentions to use AR apps in retail settings are positively impacted by task-technology fit, performance expectation, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and hedonic motivation. Conversely, privacy and physical risks negatively affect customers’ intention to use AR apps in retail. Furthermore, technological anxiety serves as a moderator factor in these connections.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, the current study is considered the first to test the role of UTAUT2, privacy and physical risks on users' behavioral intentions toward adopting AR apps in retail. It also examines technological anxiety as a moderator in the retail setting.
Self-rating scale in self-directed learning in workplace context: a case study of Thai operational employees in the petrochemical plant industry
Authors: Onsawarng Thitiporn , Wongdee Prapassorn , Pinit Pichet
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study addresses the need for a validated tool to assess self-directed learning (SDL) behaviors among Thai operational employees in the petrochemical industry. Understanding SDL capabilities is essential for effective human resource development, given the complexity of plant operations and the need for continuous skill enhancement.

Design/methodology/approach

This research adapts the self-rating scale of self-directed learning (SRSSDL) to the Thai workplace context. The SRSSDL was translated into Thai and adapted for the workplace. Five experts validated the content, and validity and reliability testing was conducted with 50 operational employees from Thai petrochemical plants. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach’s alpha were used to assess the instrument’s reliability and validity.

Findings

Content validation confirmed that all SRSSDL items had an item-objective congruence (IOC) score above 0.5. CFA results showed a good model fit (comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.99, Tucker–Lewis index [TLI] = 0.98, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.02 and standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = 0.02). Reliability analysis showed Cronbach’s alpha values from 0.91 to 0.96, indicating excellent internal consistency.

Originality/value

This research is the first study to assess and prove the content validity, construct validity and reliability of the SRSSDL in the context of Thai workplaces, particularly in the petrochemical industry. The SRSSDL is a reliable and valid tool for assessing SDL behaviors among Thai operational employees. It enhances human resource development by identifying SDL capabilities and fostering continuous improvement and SDL.
How do socioeconomic indicators and fiscal decentralization affect stunting? Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Hamzah Muhammad Zilal , Sofilda Eleonora , Kusairi Suhal
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Stunting has emerged as a prominent concern on a global scale. Over the past seven years, the average prevalence has consistently exceeded the World Health Organization standards. This study aims to investigate the roots and model of stunting.

Design/methodology/approach

The samples were collected from 406 regencies (counties) and municipalities across 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2017 to 2022 and used the dynamic panel data analysis.

Findings

The findings showed that the food security index, poverty line, women’s years of schooling, the specific allocation of funds and hopeful family program negatively influenced stunting. Otherwise, village funds and fiscal decentralisation positively affect stunting. The results also confirmed that stunting had a dynamic impact. In addition, the effect of income per capita, the poverty severity index and government funds for education and health on stunting rates were inconclusive.

Practical implications

The policy implication of the study suggests that the government must consider the budgetary concerns of each region and focus on the regions that exhibit different needs.

Originality/value

This paper will contribute to the literature about the modelling of determinants of Stunting in Indonesia.
How consumer trust affects the adoption of e-healthcare products on mobile apps: an analysis of perceived usefulness, time, and price
Authors: Gupta Om Jee , Srivastava Manoj K. , Darda Pooja , Yadav Susheel , Mishra Vinaytosh
Published: November 2024

Purpose

E-healthcare has gained importance, particularly in emerging economies, because of its ability to provide health-care products and services while minimizing contact with the external world, which was particularly relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its advantages, consumers seem hesitant to use mobile apps to access such services. Previous research has found that perceived usefulness, time consumption and price significantly impact consumer willingness to purchase e-healthcare products on mobile apps. This study aims to investigate the role of consumer trust in the willingness to purchase e-healthcare products on mobile apps while controlling for the effects of perceived usefulness, time consumption and price.

Design/methodology/approach

Data have been collected using non-probability judgmental and snowball sampling techniques from five major cities in India. After the data cleaning process, 238 questionnaires were used for data analysis in this study. The authors used confirmatory factor analysis to validate all the constructs and subsequently used the hierarchical regression technique to conduct this study.

Findings

The study’s findings show that consumer trust is the most crucial factor for predicting a willingness to purchase e-healthcare products through mobile apps, despite several other variables that also have a positive impact. These findings present important practical implications for mobile app developers, health-care professionals and lawmakers to further enhance the adoption of e-healthcare products on mobile apps.

Research limitations/implications

The research was conducted by considering primarily young adults (those between the ages of 20 and 45 – above) and targeted five cities in India. This highlights a limitation in the research, as small groups of the intended audience were included (mainly young people).

Originality/value

This study considers perceived usefulness, time and price, in addition to trust, to predict consumer willingness to purchase. Its findings can be valuable in the fields of consumer behavior, health care and technology, especially in emerging markets.
Integrating a digital pedagogy approach into online teaching: are academic librarians at Universities of Technology in South Africa prepared?
Authors: Omarsaib Mousin
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore whether academic librarians at the Universities of Technology (UoTs) in South Africa have the pedagogy and digital skills to implement a digital pedagogy approach for online teaching.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-method approach in the form of a sequential explanatory design was selected to explore the topic in which the quantitative was followed by the qualitative phase. Instruments used included an online questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to explore the pedagogy and digital skills of academic librarians at UoTs in South Africa.

Findings

The quantitative results and findings revealed that academic librarians lacked the pedagogy and digital skills for online teaching. Similarly, results and findings in the qualitative phase also showed academic librarians lacking these skills for online teaching. Consequently, the results and findings derived from both phases were triangulated and the cohesive nature of the data was absolute.

Research limitations/implications

(i) Library schools include an elective module covering pedagogy and teaching with technology for librarians; (ii) library professional bodies create opportunities for academic librarians to develop pedagogy and digital skills; and (iii) higher education libraries need to create knowledge-sharing opportunities to improve the pedagogy and digital skills of academic librarians with teaching portfolios.

Practical implications

Higher education libraries and library schools must promote the teaching identity of academic librarians by helping them improve their pedagogical and digital skills for online teaching.

Social implications

This topic requires further exploration as academic librarians are fast becoming integrated into the teaching and learning agenda of institutions globally.

Originality/value

The current study is novel in that it explores the pedagogical and digital skills of academic librarians at UoTs in South Africa for online teaching.
The impact of innovation and differentiation strategy on financial performance with emphasis on the role of risk management and intellectual capital
Authors: Vaghfi Seyedhesam , Kamranrad Sedighe , Keshvari Fateme
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of innovation and differentiation strategy on financial performance with a focus on the role of risk management and intellectual capital of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, differentiation and innovation strategy criteria are the independent variables, performance criteria are the dependent variables and risk management effectiveness and intellectual capital are the moderating variables. The statistical population of this research includes all the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the 10-year period, and 127 companies were selected as a statistical sample using the systematic elimination method. The research model fitting and hypothesis testing were carried out using structural equation modeling and SPSS, Smart PLS software.

Findings

The results of the hypothesis testing showed a positive and significant relationship between the innovation and differentiation strategy and the firm performance. In addition, effective management of risk and intellectual capital also had a significant and positive impact on this relationship.

Research limitations/implications

Given that this research was conducted at the Tehran Stock Exchange, it was difficult for the researchers to collect data. Also, since the Tehran Stock Exchange is a new market, a lot of research needs to be done in different areas of this market to identify the existing problems and shortcomings and to provide reasons for its growth and development.

Practical implications

According to the results of the research on the impact of intellectual capital and risk management on corporate performance and the impact of strategy on this relationship, this paper can expect to see an improvement in corporate performance and an increase in shareholder wealth as a result of applying the results of this research.

Social implications

Considering that corporate strategy, intellectual capital criteria and risk management to increase the financial performance of companies have informational content; therefore, according to the results of this research, an increase in the performance of listed companies is expected, and naturally, this increase in performance will lead to the prosperity of the economic sector, increase in job creation and as a result, improve the quality of social life.

Originality/value

In the Tehran Stock Exchange, by properly evaluating the financial performance criteria of companies and identifying the factors that increase intellectual capital and risk management, they provide the means to improve knowledge in this area of research.
Personality, loneliness and the metaverse: exploring their interaction for higher education in marketing
Authors: Maldonado-López Belén , Ledesma-Chaves Pablo , Gil-Cordero Eloy
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Given the scarce research on the intention to use the metaverse by higher education students in the marketing field and since the introduction of the metaverse brings a new dimension to consumer interaction, the purpose of this study aims to understand what psychological and contextual factors such as the feeling of loneliness or perceived social risk of young people affect the incorporation of immersive reality tools in the teaching-learning process.

Design/methodology/approach

Currently, the use of the metaverse in university education has captured the interest of teachers and researchers. The adoption of immersive virtual platforms where students experience different forms of interaction through customized avatars appears as a promising opportunity in the field of marketing, while concerns arise about the social and psychological risks that may affect its main adopters, youth. The proposed relationships were evaluated using PLS-SEM (symmetric) and QCA (asymmetric) approaches.

Findings

The results revealed that the feeling of loneliness, as well as personality traits of openness to experience and conscientiousness, in relation to hedonic motivations, are significant for the intention to use the metaverse.

Research limitations/implications

This research provides useful implications from an educational perspective, as well as applications in the commercial management of immersive platforms, taking into account their social impact, allowing for effective exploration and development of the metaverse’s potential in educational environments.

Originality/value

This research analyzes the relationship between the experience of feelings of loneliness and perceived social risk in the educational environment, along with the psychological and motivational factors affecting the intention to use the metaverse by higher education students which have not been investigated in the scientific literature so far.
Exploring digital voices to evaluate user perception, satisfaction and service quality in libraries
Authors: Khan Aasif Mohammad , Parray Umer Yousuf , Loan Fayaz Ahmad , Parray Shahid Rashid
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study has aimed to thoroughly assess user sentiments and perceptions regarding the National Library of India (NLI). It has attempted to provide significant insights into user satisfaction by examining its strengths and shortcomings across key categories including collection, environment, facilities, location, management and staff. The study has contributed to the understanding of the factors influencing the attributes of libraries, facilitating improvements in services and enhancing the overall user experience.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative analysis to assess user sentiments towards the NLI. Using Google Maps reviews, the study utilized web scraping, content analysis and sentiment analysis to categorize reviews as positive, negative or neutral, providing insights into user experiences and an in-depth analysis of the views and opinions of the NLI.

Findings

The study involved sentiment analysis and content analysis of 818 Google Maps reviews to assess user satisfaction with the NLI. The results demonstrate 624 reviews as positive sentiments, 70 instances pinpointed specific negative concerns, primarily related to staff behavior and certain facilities, and 124 neutral reviews suggested mixed viewpoints among users. This analysis highlights the critical role of attributes such as collection quality, environment and facilities in shaping user perceptions, emphasizing the need for focused improvements based on user feedback. The study revealed six attributes, namely collection, environment, facilities, location, management and staff that influence the user perception.

Research limitations/implications

This study is focused solely on Google Maps reviews. Hence, the results cannot be generalized to all online platforms. Reliance on online reviews may not fully capture the views of all the library users. Additionally, the scope of the study is limited to English-language comments, potentially overlooking valuable insights from non-English-language reviews.

Practical implications

This study provides valuable insights for the NLI to enhance user satisfaction by addressing the specific concerns raised in online reviews. The findings offer actionable guidance for library management to refine services and maintain favorable public perceptions.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive analysis of user sentiment through sentiment and content analysis of online reviews, offering unique insights into the NLI’s public perception. The identification of key strengths and weaknesses adds practical value to library management for refining services. The originality of this study lies in its unique approach to evaluating user experiences, which guides future research and improvement efforts in library services.
A comprehensive review of structure–activity relationships and effect mechanisms of polyphenols on heterocyclic aromatic amines formation in thermal‐processed food
Authors: Dong Hao , Ye Huiping , Bai Weidong , Zeng Xiaofang , Wu Qingping
Published: November 2024

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are potent carcinogenic substances mainly generated in thermal‐processed food. Natural polyphenols have been widely used for inhibiting the formation of HAAs, whereas the effect of natural polyphenols on HAAs formation is complex and the mechanisms are far from being clearly elucidated. In order to clarify the comprehensive effect of polyphenols on HAAs, this review focused on the structure–activity relationships and effect mechanisms of polyphenols on the formation of HAAs. In addition, the effects of polyphenols on HAAs toxicity were also first reviewed from cell, gene, protein, and animal aspects. An overview of the effect of polyphenol structures such as parent ring and exocyclic group on the mitigation of HAAs was emphasized, aiming to provide some valuable information for understanding their effect mechanism. The HAAs formation is inhibited by natural polyphenols in a dose‐dependent manner largely through eliminating free radicals and binding precursors and intermediates. The inhibitory effect was probably affected by the quantity and position of hydroxyl groups in the aromatic rings, and polyphenols with m‐hydroxyl group in the aromatic ring had the stronger inhibitory effect. However, the presence of other substituents and excessive hydroxyl groups in natural polyphenols might mitigate the inhibitory effect and even promote the formation of HAAs. This review can provide theoretical reference for effectively controlling the formation of HAAs in thermal‐processed food by natural polyphenols and reducing their harm to human health.
Microplastics from face masks: Unraveling combined toxicity with environmental hazards and their impacts on food safety
Authors: Pei Luyu , Sheng Lina , Ye Yongli , Sun Jiadi , Wang Jia‐Sheng , Sun Xiulan
Published: November 2024

Microplastics (MPs) refer to tiny plastic particles, typically smaller than 5 mm in size. Due to increased mask usage during COVID‐19, improper disposal has led to masks entering the environment and releasing MPs into the surroundings. MPs can absorb environmental hazards and transfer them to humans and animals via the food chain, yet their impacts on food safety and human health are largely neglected. This review summarizes the release process of MPs from face masks, influencing factors, and impacts on food safety. Highlights are given to the prevalence of MPs and their combined toxicities with other environmental hazards. Control strategies are also explored. The release of MPs from face masks is affected by environmental factors like pH, UV light, temperature, ionic strength, and weathering. Due to the chemical active surface and large surface area, MPs can act as vectors for heavy metals, toxins, pesticides, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes, and foodborne pathogens through different mechanisms, such as electrostatic interaction, precipitation, and bioaccumulation. After being adsorbed by MPs, the toxicity of these environmental hazards, such as oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and disruption of metabolic energy levels, can be magnified. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on both the combined toxicities of MPs and environmental hazards, as well as their corresponding control strategies. Future research should prioritize understanding the interaction of MPs with other hazards in the food chain, their combined toxicity, and integrating MPs detection and degradation methods with other hazards.
On excessive entry in Bayes‐Cournot oligopoly
Authors: Bisceglia Michele , Padilla Jorge , Perkins Joe , Piccolo Salvatore
Published: November 2024

In a Cournot industry where firms are privately informed about their marginal costs, raising entry barriers (i.e., imposing strictly positive, but not too large, entry costs) increases expected output, entrants' profits, total welfare, and might benefit consumers. Under Bayes‐Cournot competition, firms react to the expectation (conditional on entry) of rivals' costs rather than to their actual costs. This creates scope for entry by relatively inefficient types. Entry costs that prevent these high‐cost types from entering increase inframarginal (lower‐cost) types' and rivals' expected output. As a result, they increase profits and, unless they reduce output variability too much, also consumer surplus.
OFDI and stock price synchronicity: Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Yanyi , Zhang Xueyong
Published: November 2024

Using the data on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by listed companies in China, we find that OFDI significantly increases stock price synchronicity. This result indicates that OFDI releases more market/industry (systematic) information relative to private information. Reverse technology spillover and the host country/region institutional environment are two potential mechanisms through which OFDI increases synchronicity. We find that OFDI plays a role in screening firms with better transparency and corporate governance. The propensity score matching method and instrumental variable regressions are employed to rule out endogeneity issues. We also check the impact of stock return characteristics and macro shocks on this positive relationship.
Integration of pharmacochemistry, pharmacodynamics and metabolomics to reveal active ingredients and mechanism of Nan Bao detox capsule alleviating methamphetamine addiction
Authors: Zhang Bin , Yang Chen , Zheng Yuxiao , Li Xinliang , Wang Xingguo , Yuehui Li
Published: November 2024

Nan Bao detox capsule (NBDC), derived from ancient Chinese opioid detox protocols, shows promising therapeutic potential in substance abuse disorders, particularly for attenuating methamphetamine (MA) addiction. This study aimed to identify active ingredients, evaluate therapeutic efficacy in an MA addiction rat model and delineate pharmacodynamic mechanisms using metabolomics. In vitro phytochemical profiling characterized 258 drug‐related compounds, with 87 prototype entities mainly identified in rat plasma. NBDC significantly attenuated METH‐induced behavioural anomalies and modulated neurotransmitter levels, notably increasing brain DA and serotonin (5‐HT) content with concomitant upregulation of D1 dopamine receptor (DRD1) and 5‐HT1A receptor (5‐HT1AR) expression, ameliorating hippocampal pathology. Metabolomic analysis identified histamine receptor as a potential target and revealed the involvement of NBDC in metabolic pathways associated with cocaine addiction, amphetamine abuse and Parkinson's disease. Conclusively, NBDC presents a promising therapeutic agent for mitigating MA addiction through a synergistic interplay of multiple constituents, pharmacological targets and metabolic pathways.
Floral morphology is associated with pollen deposition patterns on moth bodies
Authors: Buxton Max N. , Gaskett Anne C. , Lord Janice M. , Pattemore David E.
Published: November 2024

Floral syndromes can be a useful tool for predicting the identity of pollinators from floral morphology. However, the reliability of floral syndromes are still debated in the literature, and can often result in effective pollinators being overlooked. Pollination by moths has historically been associated with a floral syndrome comprising white tubular flowers that are heavily scented at night, but there have been few experimental tests of this association. To test whether moths preferentially land on flowers that are white and tubular, we allowed two moth species (Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnaggel, 1766) and Ichneutica mutans (Walker, 1857)) to choose freely between three plant species (Vaccinium corymbosum, Ericaceae, Pittosporum tenuifolium, Pittosporaceae, and two forms of Leptospermum scoparium, Myrtaceae) which represent four different floral morphologies. Anthers on the flowers were marked with fluorescent powder dye (pollen‐tracker), with the presence of pollen‐tracker on moth bodies after the experiment indicating floral visitation. We detected no floral preferences for any of the plant species by either moth species, suggesting moths will visit flowers that lack features associated with the syndrome even when in the presence of white, tubular flowers which might be predicted to be more attractive to moths. We also examined moth bodies to determine where pollen‐tracker was carried most often and if this varied among the floral types. Our results indicate that some moth body parts may be more important than others for pollen transfer, depending on the morphology of the flowers visited. After visiting tubular flowers (Vaccinium and Pittosporum), pollen‐tracker was most often located on the proboscis, but after visiting open‐access flowers (Leptospermum) pollen‐tracker was most often located on the legs. Future studies looking at the presence of pollen on moth bodies should consider this and ensure the entire moth body is examined for the presence of pollen.
Feedback regulation of VISTA and Treg by TNF‐α controls T cell responses in drug allergy
Authors: Sun Lele , Zhao Qing , Ao Suiting , Liu Tingting , Wang Zhenzhen , You Jiabao , Mi Zihao , Sun Yonghu , Xue Xiaotong , Ogese Monday O. , Gardner Joshua , Meng Xiaoli , Naisbitt Dean J. , Liu Hong , Zhang Furen
Published: November 2024

Background

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes are a series of life‐threatening conditions with a mortality of 4%–20%. The clinical application of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) antagonist improves the outcome of some SCARs patients; however, this is complicated by the elusive and varied immunopathogenesis.

Methods

To clarify the precise process and optimize the therapy regimen of SCARs, we performed single‐cell sequencing, in vitro functional and clinical analysis of patients with SCARs.

Results

We observed that TNF‐α breaks drug‐specific T‐cell tolerance by inhibiting the expression of V‐type immunoglobulin domain‐containing suppressor of T‐cell activation (VISTA). Furthermore, TNF‐α generated a positive feedback loop in the early phase of drug‐specific T‐cell activation, whereby B cells acted reciprocally on the corresponding T cells to reinforce TNF‐α cytokine expression. In contrast, this pathway of TNF‐α‐VISTA signaling did not operate in memory effector T cells. Drug‐specific memory effector T‐cell responses were inhibited by increasing Treg cell expression in a negative feedback loop, with TNF‐α antagonists preventing the inhibitory effect. These observations align with the clinical analysis that early but not late intervention with TNF‐α antagonists significantly improved outcomes in SCARs patients.

Conclusion

Our findings defining feedback regulation of VISTA and Treg cells by TNF‐α in different stages of the drug‐specific T‐cell response and, indicate that a Treg agonists, instead of TNF‐α antagonists, could be used for treatment of patients with progressive SCARs.