bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
p-Type Molecular Materials for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yeats Adam C. , Taylor Rupert G. D. , Skabara Peter J.
Published: November 2017

The search for a clean, renewable source of energy as a replacement for fossil fuels has been at the forefront of scientific, economic and political research for the past few decades. Of the commonly investigated techniques, one strong contender that fits this role extremely well is solar power. The ability to harvest energy from sunlight incident on the Earth’s surface in an efficient and cost-effective manner would alleviate the global energy crisis with relative ease – more energy reaches the Earth from the Sun in one hour than all the energy consumed on the planet in an entire year. Progress has been both fast and expansive, with a large number of research groups across the globe finely tuning and improving solar-harvesting technology. Organic solar cells show huge promise for future energy-harvesting because they allow very low-cost production through the use of low-temperature fabrication techniques, such as roll-to-roll processing or inkjet printing. Organic solar cell materials can also be made to be flexible and semi-transparent and are extremely lightweight compared with the current market-leading silicon-based alternatives. This chapter aims to give a concise overview of some of the progress made to date, with attention focused on prepared and tested state-of-the-art, high-performance materials.
Hybrid Solar Cells
Authors: Ratnasingham Sinclair Ryley , Binions Russell
Published: November 2017

The field of hybrid solar cells promises a combination of the economic and easy production of organic molecules, with the stability and performance of inorganic materials. One of the pioneering developments in this field was the creation of the dye-sensitized solar cell in 1991. A number of different organic and inorganic material combinations have since been researched. Device architecture has also been extensively explored, with many variations in how the organic and inorganic layers are arranged and deposited. Inorganic layers have attracted much attention. Likewise, research into electrolytes has shown great advances, with some of the latest research showing positive results with solid state electrolytes. The sensitizer or dye has also been an area of intense research. To date, many different organic dye families have been explored in an effort to improve efficiency. Methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite is one of the more recent dyes and showed an incredible increase in efficiency. This ushered in a new field of research based on perovskite-type sensitizers. There is currently a drive to produce more stable and higher performing perovskites. Variations in composition and stoichiometry have so far yielded a large number of improvements, but stability is still a major concern. Both of these hybrid cell technologies are very promising. However, this field is still immature, with much development still required to improve stability and processing.
Deposition Techniques for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lewis David J.
Published: November 2017

Perovskite solar cells have displayed power conversion efficiencies that are close to viable for commercialisation (>20%). The quality of the perovskite films in devices is correlated with the power conversion efficiency measured. Two groups of methodologies have emerged: one-step and two-step deposition, both with their own advantages and disadvantages. This chapter discusses the most important techniques for the deposition of inorganic–organic lead halide perovskites in photovoltaic devices.
Copper-based Multinary Materials for Solar Cells
Authors: Watt John , Ramasamy Karthik
Published: November 2017

Copper-based multinary compounds (Cu2MSnE4, where M = Zn or Fe and E = S or Se) are semiconducting materials with great potential for solar energy conversion applications. The vast amount of research on these materials is motivated by the fact that they are composed of abundant and cost-effective elements. The primary goal is to develop high-performing solar cell materials with the potential to replace the widely used, but expensive, In-based materials such as CuInGaS2. This chapter provides a comprehensive account of recent advances in the synthesis, characterization and fabrication of solar cell devices based on Cu2MSnE4 using a range of synthetic techniques.
An aptamer and functionalized nanoparticle-based strip biosensor for on-site detection of kanamycin in food samples
Authors: Liu Jing , Zeng Jingyi , Tian Yaping , Zhou Nandi
Published: November 2017

An aptamer and functionalized nanoparticle-based strip biosensor for highly sensitive and highly specific on-site detection of kanamycin in food samples.
Expanding the structural analysis capabilities on an Orbitrap-based mass spectrometer for large macromolecular complexes
Authors: Fort Kyle L. , van de Waterbeemd Michiel , Boll Dmitriy , Reinhardt-Szyba Maria , Belov Mikhail E. , Sasaki Eita , Zschoche Reinhard , Hilvert Donald , Makarov Alexander A. , Heck Albert J. R.
Published: November 2017

Native mass spectrometry can provide insight into the structure of macromolecular biological systems.
Chlorophyll a crude extract: efficient photo-degradable photocatalyst for PET-RAFT polymerization
Authors: Wu Chenyu , Shanmugam Sivaprakash , Xu Jiangtao , Zhu Jian , Boyer Cyrille
Published: November 2017

This work demonstrates use of spinach extracts for living radical polymerization bypassing catalyst synthesis/purification, degassing and catalyst removal procedures.
Aggregation-induced visible light absorption makes reactant 1,2-diisocyanoarenes act as photosensitizers in double radical isocyanide insertions
Authors: Wang Wenmin , Sun Xiaoyang , Qu Jian , Xie Xiaoyu , Qi Zheng-Hang , Hong Daocheng , Jing Su , Zheng Dong , Tian Yuxi , Ma Haibo , Yu Shouyun , Ma Jing
Published: November 2017

1,2-Diisocyano functions as both reactant and photosensitizer due to the aggregation assisted visible-light absorption.
Hybrid compounds assembled from copper-triazole complexes and phosphomolybdic acid as advanced catalysts for the oxidation of olefins with oxygen
Authors: Song Xiaojing , Yan Yan , Wang Yanning , Hu Dianwen , Xiao Lina , Yu Jiehui , Zhang Wenxiang , Jia Mingjun
Published: November 2017

Hybrid compounds of [CuI4(3atrz)4][PMoVI11MoVO40] (1) and [CuI6(3atrz)6][PMo12O40]2 (2) are active catalysts for olefin oxidation.
Human anthocyanin bioavailability: effect of intake duration and dosing
Authors: Kalt Wilhelmina , McDonald Jane E. , Vinqvist-Tymchuk Melinda R. , Liu Yan , Fillmore Sherry A. E.
Published: November 2017

Flavonoid-based metabolites arising from Blueberry anthocyanins are well retainedin vivo.
Inhibition of advanced glycation endproducts during fish sausage preparation by transglutaminase and chitosan oligosaccharides induced enzymatic glycosylation
Authors: Wang Jing , Zou Long , Yuan Fangzhou , Lv Liangtao , Tian Shenglan , Li Zhenxing , Lin Hong
Published: November 2017

A non-antioxidative method in which glycosylation induced by transglutaminase “replaced” glycation to inhibit the formation of AGEs in real foods.
Effect of nobiletin on the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in the synovial membrane of rats with arthritis induced by collagen
Authors: Yang Guliang , Li Shiming , Yuan Li , Yang Yiwen , Pan Min-Hsiung
Published: November 2017

Nobiletin (5,6,7,8,3′,4′-hexamethoxyflavone) is a natural compound in the fruit peel of citrus fruit in the Rutaceae family.
Chemical composition and bioactive properties of the wild mushroom Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr: a study with samples from Romania
Authors: Mocan Andrei , Fernandes Ângela , Barros Lillian , Crişan Gianina , Smiljković Marija , Soković Marina , Ferreira Isabel C. F. R.
Published: November 2017

In Eastern Europe, wild mushrooms are widely collected in mountain areas and used for their medicinal properties or as healthy foods.
Persistent drought monitoring using a microfluidic-printed electro-mechanical sensor of stomata in planta
Authors: Koman Volodymyr B. , Lew Tedrick T. S. , Wong Min Hao , Kwak Seon-Yeong , Giraldo Juan P. , Strano Michael S.
Published: November 2017

Stomatal function can be used effectively to monitor plant hydraulics, photosensitivity, and gas exchange.
3D nitrogen-doped graphene gels as robust and sustainable adsorbents for dyes
Authors: Geng Jiyu , Si Leilei , Guo Haotian , Lin Chenhui , Xi Ye , Li Yang , Yan Xilong , Wang Bowei , Chen Ligong
Published: November 2017

Herein, a series of 3D nitrogen-doped graphene gels (NG) were synthesized for the removal of dyes from wastewater.
How the toxicity of nanomaterials towards different species could be simultaneously evaluated: a novel multi-nano-read-across approach
Authors: Sizochenko Natalia , Mikolajczyk Alicja , Jagiello Karolina , Puzyn Tomasz , Leszczynski Jerzy , Rasulev Bakhtiyor
Published: November 2017

Identification of hidden patterns for nanoparticle toxicity against different species could be used for the safe-by-design approach.
2D molybdenum and vanadium nitrides synthesized by ammoniation of 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes)
Authors: Urbankowski Patrick , Anasori Babak , Hantanasirisakul Kanit , Yang Long , Zhang Lihua , Haines Bernard , May Steven J. , Billinge Simon J. L. , Gogotsi Yury
Published: November 2017

Synthesis of 2D transition metal nitrides can be achieved by ammoniation of carbide MXenes (Mo2CTxand V2CTx) at elevated temperatures.
Synthesis of 2,2-bis(pyridin-2-yl amino)cyclobutanols and their conversion into 5-(pyridin-2-ylamino)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-ones
Authors: Ghisu Lorenza , Melis Nicola , Secci Francesco , Caboni Pierluigi , Arca Massimiliano , Guillot Régis , Boddaert Thomas , Aitken David J. , Frongia Angelo
Published: November 2017

2,2-Bis(pyridin-2-ylamino)cyclobutanols are prepared easily from 2-hydroxycyclobutanone and are transformed into 5-(pyridin-2-ylamino)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-ones via a periodinane-mediated ring expansion.
Selective recognition of biologically important anions using a diblock polyfluorene–polythiophene conjugated polyelectrolyte
Authors: Willis-Fox Niamh , Gutacker Andrea , Browne Michelle P. , Khan Amir R. , Lyons Michael E. G. , Scherf Ullrich , Evans Rachel C.
Published: November 2017

Fluorescence detection of nucleotide phosphates with a polyfluorene–polythiophene diblock copolymer is demonstrated, accompanied by determination of the sensor mechanism.
Highly oriented two-dimensional formamidinium lead iodide perovskites with a small bandgap of 1.51 eV
Authors: Yan Jielin , Fu Weifei , Zhang Xinqian , Chen Jiehuan , Yang Weitao , Qiu Weiming , Wu Gang , Liu Feng , Heremans Paul , Chen Hongzheng
Published: November 2017

Small bandgap 2D perovskites were synthesized with desired orientation and the corresponding solar cells presented high efficiency and good stability.
Ni(i)–Ni(iii) vs. Ni(ii)–Ni(iv): mechanistic study of Ni-catalyzed alkylation of benzamides with alkyl halides
Authors: Li Yingzi , Zou Lufeng , Bai Ruopeng , Lan Yu
Published: November 2017

DFT investigations into the mechanism of Ni-catalyzed alkylation of benzamides with alkyl halides are reported. Computational results show that the Ni(ii)–Ni(iv) catalytic cycle is favorable; meanwhile, the oxidative addition of alkylbromide forms a Ni(iv) intermediate and is the rate-determining step of the whole catalytic cycle.
Efficient synthesis of benzene-fused 6/7-membered amides via Xphos Pd G2 catalyzed intramolecular C–N bond formation
Authors: Xu Zhou , Li Ke , Zhai Rongliang , Liang Ting , Gui Xiaodie , Zhang Rongli
Published: November 2017

An efficient approach for benzene-fused 6/7-membered amides via intramolecular amidation of aryl chlorides catalyzed by a Buchwald–Hartwig second generation Pd catalyst (Xphos Pd G2) has been successfully developed.
A highly efficient gas-dominated and water-resistant flame retardant for non-charring polypropylene
Authors: Shao Zhu-Bao , Zhang Ming-Xin , Han Ye , Yang Xu-Dong , Jin Jing , Jian Rong-Kun
Published: November 2017

In this work, a novel mono-component and gas-dominated flame retardant, named DPPIP, was prepared through an amidation reaction of diphenylphosphinyl chloride and piperazine, and used to flame retard PP.
Selective recognition of c-myc promoter G-quadruplex and down-regulation of oncogene c-myc transcription in human cancer cells by 3,8a-disubstituted indolizinone
Authors: Yang Fengmin , Sun Xin , Wang Lixia , Li Qian , Guan Aijiao , Shen Gang , Tang Yalin
Published: November 2017

Indolizinone could selectively recognize c-myc promoter G-quadruplex.
Biodiesel production from soybean oils by a novel nano-magnetic solid base catalyst (K/ZrO2/γ-Fe2O3)
Authors: Liu Kang , Wang Rui , Yu Meiqing
Published: November 2017

Biodiesel is emerging as a green alternative source to fossil fuels due to its clean and renewable advantages.
Li4x/3Co2−2xTi1+2x/3O4 spinel solid solutions: order and disorder phase transition, cations distribution and adjustable microwave dielectric properties
Authors: Tan Xianghu , Zhou Huanfu , Tang Yuxin , Zhou Di , Kanhere Pushkar , Tay Qiuling , Chen Xiuli
Published: November 2017

A series of spinel solid solutions Li4x/3Co2−2xTi1+2x/3O4 (LCT, 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) were synthesized and their structures and microwave dielectric properties were characterized in detail.
Self-powered UV-visible photodetector with fast response and high photosensitivity employing an Fe:TiO2/n-Si heterojunction
Authors: Sun Lin , Wang Chunrui , Ji Tao , Wang Jiale , Yi Gyu-Chul , Chen Xiaoshuang
Published: November 2017

An ultrasensitive, fast response and self-powered photodetector would be preferable in practical applications.
Hole theory as a prediction tool for Brownian diffusive motion in binary mixtures of liquids
Authors: D'Agostino Carmine
Published: November 2017

Hole diffusion can be used to predict the average Brownian motion of liquids at thermodynamic equilibrium.
Te-containing carbon dots for fluorescence imaging of superoxide anion in mice during acute strenuous exercise or emotional changes
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Ruixia , Liu Wei , Wang Xin , Li Ping , Zhang Wen , Wang Hui , Tang Bo
Published: November 2017

Three fluorescent probes including a Te-based molecular probe and Se- and Te-CDs were constructed and used for monitoring O2˙−.
Ultrasensitive detection of explosivesviahydrophobic condensation effect on biomimetic SERS platforms
Authors: He Xuan , Liu Yu , Xue Xianggui , Liu Jiahui , Liu Yi , Li Zhongbo
Published: November 2017

3D biomimetic superhydrophobic Ag micron/nano-pillar arrays SERS sensors were developed for the ultra-sensitive detection of diluted water soluble organic molecules.
Structure-based drug design: aiming for a perfect fit
Authors: van Montfort Rob L.M. , Workman Paul
Published: November 2017

Knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of therapeutically relevant targets has informed drug discovery since the first protein structures were determined using X-ray crystallography in the 1950s and 1960s. In this editorial we provide a brief overview of the powerful impact of structure-based drug design (SBDD), which has its roots in computational and structural biology, with major contributions from both academia and industry. We describe advances in the application of SBDD for integral membrane protein targets that have traditionally proved very challenging. We emphasize the major progress made in fragment-based approaches for which success has been exemplified by over 30 clinical drug candidates and importantly three FDA-approved drugs in oncology. We summarize the articles in this issue that provide an excellent snapshot of the current state of the field of SBDD and fragment-based drug design and which offer key insights into exciting new developments, such as the X-ray free-electron laser technology, cryo-electron microscopy, open science approaches and targeted protein degradation. We stress the value of SBDD in the design of high-quality chemical tools that are used to interrogate biology and disease pathology, and to inform target validation. We emphasize the need to maintain the scientific rigour that has been traditionally associated with structural biology and extend this to other methods used in drug discovery. This is particularly important because the quality and robustness of any form of contributory data determines its usefulness in accelerating drug design, and therefore ultimately in providing patient benefit.
Acid-Catalyzed Tandem Process for the One-Pot Synthesis of
Oxazolidines
Authors: Aldmairi Abdul , Knight David , Wirth Thomas
Published: November 2017

A simple protocol for the synthesis of oxazolidines from aziridines and allylic alcohols is reported. The solid-supported sulfonic acid catalyst can be easily removed after the reaction by a simple filtration leading to the oxazolidine reaction products in good to excellent yields.
Immune Pathobiology of Schwannomas: A Concise Review
Authors: Elmaci İlhan , Sari Ramazan , Altinoz Meric
Published: November 2017

Schwannomas are benign tumors treatable with neurosurgery or radiosurgery, yet a small subset may exhibit aggressive growth. Hence illuminating their immune features can help develop better treatments. A tumor-promoting inflammation exists in schwannomas. Transcription factor NF-κB triggers synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. NF-κB is suppressed by NF2/merlin, yet it is mutated or repressed in schwannomas, and therefore MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1α/CCL3, CXCL16, and CXCR6/Bonzo are likely expressed in these tumors. CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages may infiltrate schwannomas and promote their growth. Anti-inflammatory salicylates inhibit schwannomas in cell culture and clinically. Schwannomas that cannot be completely removed by neurosurgery or controlled by radiosurgery may be suitable targets of pharmacologic interventions focusing on immune mechanisms.
Growth Patterns of Residual Tumor in Preoperatively Growing Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Kasbekar Anand , Adan Guleed , Beacall Alaina , Youssef Ahmed , Gilkes Catherine , Lesser Tristram
Published: November 2017

Objectives To analyze growth of residual vestibular schwannoma (VS) following incomplete tumor resection and determine the influence of residual location and size.

Design Retrospective case note and scan review.

Setting Tertiary skull base unit.

Participants Patients with residual tumor following primary surgery for medium and large unilateral growing vestibular schwanomas between 2006 and 2009.

Main Outcome Measures Location of residual VS and post-operative growth, comparing those with more (>5%) or less than 5% of tumor residual (<5%).

Results Fifty-two patients had visible residual tumor left behind at surgery. Twenty had < 5% and 32 had > 5% residual. The residual growth rates were 38% overall, 20% in < 5%, and 50% in > 5% residuals. There was no significant difference in growth rates at different residual locations. Median follow-up was 6.4 years.

Conclusions There is a greater risk of regrowth of residuals > 5%. All positions of residual tumor can regrow, and the preoperative tumor size plays a role in this. Further data is needed to confirm if residual tumor in the fundus is less likely to grow.
Endoscopic Endonasal Landmarks to the Greater Palatine Canal: A Radiographic Study
Authors: Campbell Raewyn , Solares C. , Mason Eric , Prevedello Daniel , Carrau Ricardo
Published: November 2017

Background The palatine neurovascular bundle is at risk during endoscopic surgery. Injury may result in significant blood loss and anesthesia of the ipsilateral hard palate. Nonetheless, its endoscopic anatomy has not been described previously. This article strives to establish landmarks to identify the greater palatine canal; thus, avoiding injury to its contents.

Methodology This study comprised 50 deidentified computed tomographic angiograms using landmarks that are immediately visible during endoscopic medial maxillectomy to calculate: the angle of the greater palatine canal to the vertical, the distance from the anteroinferior aspect of the greater palatine canal to the orifice of the nasolacrimal duct, the distance from the anteroinferior aspect of the greater palatine canal to the posterolateral free edge of the hard palate, and the distance from the anterior aspect of the greater palatine canal as it enters the hard palate to the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus.

Results The mean angle of the greater palatine canal to the vertical was 23.01 degrees. The mean distance from the anteroinferior aspect of the greater palatine canal to the nasolacrimal duct was 31.52 mm. The mean distance from the anterior aspect of the greater palatine canal to the posterolateral free edge of the hard palate was 7.71 mm and the mean distance from the anterior aspect of the greater palatine canal to the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus was 7.07 mm.

Conclusion Accessible anatomical landmarks help ascertain the location of the greater palatine canal intraoperatively; thus, avoiding injury to its contents.
Safety of Metformin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Living on an Oxygen-Deficient Plateau, Tibet, China
Authors: Lv Xuemei , Ren Qian , Zhou Lingli , Geng Yanyan , Song Jia , Mina A , Puchi Basang , Yang Senlin , Meng Shuyou , Yang Lihui
Published: November 2017

Background In the general population, the absolute risk of lactic acidosis in patients treated with metformin appears to be low. However, in the Tibetan plateau, an extreme oxygen-deficient environment, there are no data available concerning the safety of metformin. The aim of our study is to assess the safety of metformin in people of the plateau area.

Methods We conducted an observational cross-sectional study in Tibet. All the 166 subjects were divided into two groups: T2DM+metformin group and T2DM group. Clinical characteristics as well as lactate levels were measured in all subjects. The association between lactate, metformin use, FBG, HbA1c, eGFR, and other potential predictors was evaluated.

Results A total of 166 subjects were enrolled in this study. Average age was 51.7±12.3 years, and the percentage of male participants was 67%. The median level of lactate was 1.89 (1.35–2.91) mmol/L in all the subjects. The mean (±SD) lactate concentration in patients treated with metformin, versus those who were not, was 2.35±1.42 vs 2.29±1.65 mmol/L, respectively (mean difference 0.06 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.48–0.60, P=0.556). FBG was significantly higher in the high lactate group than in the low lactate group (12.1±4.1 vs. 10.5±4.0 mmol/L, P=0.018). Similarly, HbA1c level was also significantly higher in the high lactate group than in the low lactate group (12.3±2.6 vs. 11.0±3.0%, P=0.008).

Conclusions In the oxygen-deficient Tibetan plateau, lactate concentration among patients on metformin was not significantly different from patients without metformin. The level of lactate was significantly associated with FBG and HbA1c levels.
Patient decision-making and clinical outcomes following endoscopic therapy or esophagectomy for Barrett’s neoplasia
Authors: Lockwood Robert , Ozanne Elissa , Hur Chin , Yachimski Patrick
Published: November 2017

Background and study aims The objective of this study was to assess patient involvement in decision-making, decision confidence, and decision regret among patients who had undergone endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) or esophagectomy for Barrett’s esophagus (BE) associated neoplasia.

Patients and methods Patients with BE high grade dysplasia or intramucosal (T1a) adenocarcinoma who had undergone EET or esophagectomy were invited to complete a survey.

Results The cohort included 50 subjects, 70 % (35/50) of whom had undergone EET and 30 % (15/50) of whom had undergone esophagectomy. Subjects who underwent esophagectomy were more likely to report post-treatment dysphagia (47 % vs 14 %, P = 0.03), post-treatment dietary modification (73 % vs 6 %, P < 0.0001), and were less likely to view their post-treatment health favorably. However, when asked whether they had selected the right treatment, a high degree of confidence was reported by both groups (mean 9.8 for EET vs 9.3 for esophagectomy on a 0 – 10 scale, P = 0.12). In fact, 97 % (34/35) of EET patients and 80 % (12/15) of esophagectomy patients indicated they would select the same treatment option (P = 0.08).

Conclusions Patients who have undergone EET or surgery for BE neoplasia report a high degree of involvement in the decision-making process. Although EET patients report fewer symptom-specific outcomes, measures of decision confidence and decision regret do not differ between the two treatment groups.
Kostenstrukturanalyse der Elektrokonvulsionstherapie innerhalb eines leistungsorientierten Krankenhausbudgets
Authors: Lehnhardt Fritz-Georg , Dohle Ines , Sartorius Alexander , Grözinger Michael
Published: November 2017

Ziel Veränderungen durch die aktuelle S3 / NVL-Leitlinie Unipolare Depression und Neuerungen durch die krankenhausökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen des PsychVVG erfordern eine Neubewertung des Stellenwertes des Behandlungsangebots Elektrokonvulsionstherapie (EKT) im Behandlungsportfolio einer psychiatrischen Klinik.

Methode Entwicklung einer sachgerechten Kostenstrukturanalyse und deren betriebswirtschaftliche Bewertung am Beispiel eines Behandlungszentrums für EKT.

Ergebnis Die aufwandgerechte Abbildung der Behandlungskosten für die EKT umfasst die krankenhausindividuellen Kosten für die EKT-Kernleistungen sowie allgemeine Kosten für die Betriebsbereitstellung einer Klinik.

Schlussfolgerung Dem höheren klinischen Stellenwert der EKT ist durch eine leistungsgerechte Vergütung gesundheitsökonomisch Rechnung zu tragen, damit die notwendige Leistungsausweitung eines hochwirksamen Therapieverfahrens unterstützt und gefördert werden kann. Eine krankenhausindividuelle Kalkulationsbasis ist Voraussetzung, um mit den Kostenträgern im leistungsorientierten Krankenhausbudget des PsychVVG ein kostendeckendes Zusatzentgelt für die EKT verhandeln zu können. Hierfür sind genaue Kenntnisse über die personellen, strukturellen und organisatorischen Bedingungen des Krankenhauses notwendig.
Klinische Tests zur Beschwerdenvalidierung
Authors: Widder Bernhard
Published: November 2017

Beschwerdenvalidierung ist sowohl im klinischen Kontext als auch bei Begutachtungen von wesentlicher Bedeutung. Werden bei einer Untersuchung
neurologische Symptome demonstriert und/oder Schmerzen geklagt, die nicht oder nicht vollständig durch eine zugrunde liegende Erkrankung
erklärbar sind, gilt es eine mögliche psychische Verursachung zuverlässig zu erkennen, um weitere unnötige Untersuchungen zu vermeiden. Bei
Begutachtungen ist zusätzlich in einem weiteren Schritt eine Vortäuschung oder Aggravation der Beschwerden zur Erlangung finanzieller
Vorteile zu differenzieren. Die vorliegende Übersicht enthält eine Zusammenstellung der für den Neurologen und Psychiater wichtigsten
klinischen Beobachtungen und Tests zur Beschwerdenvalidierung bei sensomotorischen Symptomen, Tremor, Gang-, Gleichgewichts- und
Sehstörungen sowie geklagten Schmerzen.
Invasive Pituitary Adenoma-Derived Tumor-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Tumor Progression both In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Lv Liang , Zhang Shizhen , Hu Yu , Zhou Peizhi , Gao Ling , Wang Mengmeng , Sun Zhen , Chen Cheng , Yin Senlin , Wang Xiujie , Jiang Shu
Published: November 2017

Tumor-associated fibroblasts are the most abundant population in tumor stroma and impact on tumor initiation and progression. However, the biological function of tumor-associated fibroblasts in pituitary adenomas has not been fully elucidated to date. So, this study aims to clarify the function and significance of primary cultured pituitary adenoma-derived tumor-associated fibroblasts on rat pituitary adenoma cells. We identified primary cultured tumor-associated fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts based on the expression of α-smooth muscle actin as well as morphology. Furthermore, we investigated cell biological influences on rat pituitary adenoma cells through indirectly co-culturing tumor-associated fibroblasts with GH3 cells and subcutaneous xenograft model. All sorts of fibroblasts showed positive staining for α-smooth muscle actin. But α-smooth muscle actin and vascular endothelial growth factor highly expressed in invasive pituitary adenoma-derived tumor-associated fibroblasts compared to non-invasive pituitary adenoma-derived tumor-associated fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts. Besides, invasive pituitary adenoma-derived tumor-associated fibroblasts promoted the proliferation of GH3 cells in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo. Finally, vascular endothelial growth factor was highly expressed in tumor specimens co-injected with invasive pituitary adenoma-derived tumor-associated fibroblasts. Our results suggested that invasive pituitary adenoma-derived tumor-associated fibroblasts displayed apparent growth promotion effects on rat pituitary cells both in vitro and in vivo accompanied by over-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in invasive pituitary adenoma-derived tumor-associated fibroblasts and tumor specimens.
Die Dämmerung der Neuzeit: Giovanni Boccaccios „Das Dekameron“ und die Tradition des genetischen Verstehens
Authors: Wigand Moritz Eric , Söhner Felicitas Petra , Jäger Markus , Becker Thomas , Wiegand Hauke Felix
Published: November 2017

Boccaccios „Das Dekameron“ ist ein Werk, das im ausgehenden Mittelalter entstand, aber bereits neuzeitliche Ideen zum Menschen als Individuum enthält. Vor dem Hintergrund der Kontroverse um den Einfluss der Neuzeit auf Psyche und Psychiatrie und auf das Konstrukt der Identität untersuchen wir „Das Dekameron“ hermeneutisch mit einem Fokus auf Beschreibungen einer Gesellschaft im Wandel, der Liebe (als Ausdruck des Individuums), von seelischem Leiden und der Rolle therapeutischen Handelns. Dabei zeigt sich, dass es bei Boccaccio ein Interesse an intrapsychischen Vorgängen als Ausdruck der frühen Neuzeit gibt. Dies wird in Bezug auf Karl Jaspers‘ Ansatz des genetischen Verstehens diskutiert.
Development of Obesity-Associated Comorbidities Post Bariatric Surgery with a Special Focus on Diabetes Remission and Short-Term Relapse
Authors: Lautenbach Anne , Riedel Nina , Wienecke Jan , Mann Oliver , Flitsch Jörg , Aberle Jens
Published: November 2017

Purpose The purpose of this study is to study a heterogeneous group of obese patients undergoing Bariatric surgery(BS) and its impact on glycemic control. Secondary endpoints include changes in lipid profile and albuminuria. BS has shown to effectively reduce body-weight. However, the impact on obesity-related comorbidities varies strongly between individuals. Especially postoperative short- and long-term improvement of Diabetes is an active area of investigation.

Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis from baseline to 24 months post bariatric surgery in our interdisciplinary obesity outpatient-clinic. Follow-up data was collected from 215 patients who had undergone either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy. The prevalence of and changes in the major obesity-related comorbidities and concurrent medication were assessed.

Results Standard parameters of diabetic control showed a U-shaped curve with initial improvement after six months, but with a gradual worsening after the first year of follow-up. Weight loss resulted in dose reduction of oral antidiabetic medication and insulin in 85% and 100% of patients, respectively. With weight loss, a significant improvement in lipid profile one year after surgery was seen. Subgroup analysis demonstrated gender- and age-dependent differences in overall benefit.

Conclusions Current data on diabetes remission might be too optimistic and close follow-up should be provided to prevent gradual worsening of glucose metabolism after BS.
Visceral Adiposity Index was a useful Predictor of Prediabetes
Authors: Gu Dongfeng , Ding Yanan , Zhao Yunfeng , Qu Qingshan
Published: November 2017

Aim To study the relationship of visceral adiposity index (VAI) and prediabetes and the power of which in predicting of prediabetes.

Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted. All participants were divided into four groups: VAI and WC (both are normal), VAI↑ and WC (postcritical VAI and normal WC), VAI and WC↑ (Normal VAI and postcritical WC), and VAI↑ and WC↑ (postcritical VAI and postcritical WC). A multivariate logistic analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the four groups and prediabetes, and diabetes. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the accuracy of predictions for prediabetes and diabetes.

Results Both VAI and WC were independent risk factors of Prediabetes. The ORs for Prediabetes in the VAI↑&WC group were 1.641 (95%CI 1.146–2.349), P=0.007, in males, in Model 2. The ORs for Prediabetes in the VAI&WC↑ group were 1.454 (95%CI 1.055–2.005), P=0.022, in males, in Model 2. The ORs for Prediabetes in the VAI↑&WC group were 2.305 (95%CI 1.623–3.273), P=0.000, in females, in Model 2. The ORs for Prediabetes in the VAI&WC↑ group were 1.997 (95%CI 1.529–2.608), P=0.000, in females, in Model 2. The AUC value of VAI were 0.601 (95%CI 0.568–0.634), P=0.000, in prediabetes of men; which were 0.645 (95%CI 0.618–0.672), P=0.000, in prediabetes women. WC had the highest AUC value of 0.605 (95%CI 0.571–0.638), P=0.000, in prediabetes of men, also had the highest of AUC value of 0.673 (95%CI 0.648–0.697), P=0.000, in prediabetes of women.

Conclusion VAI was positively associated with prediabetes, and also a usefulindicator of prediabetes.
Effective uniaxial anisotropy in easy-plane materials through nanostructuring
Authors: Fischbacher J. , Kovacs A. , Oezelt H. , Gusenbauer M. , Suess D. , Schrefl T.
Published: November 2017

Permanent magnet materials require a high uniaxial magneto-crystalline anisotropy. Exchange coupling between small crystallites with easy-plane anisotropy induces an effective uniaxial anisotropy if arranged accordingly. Nanostructuring of materials with easy-plane anisotropy is an alternative way to create hard-magnetic materials. The coercivity increases with decreasing feature size. The resulting coercive field is about 12 percent of the anisotropy field for a crystal size of 3.4 times the Bloch parameter.
SI-traceable absolute distance measurement over more than 800 meters with sub-nanometer interferometry by two-color inline refractivity compensation
Authors: Meiners-Hagen Karl , Meyer Tobias , Mildner Jutta , Pollinger Florian
Published: November 2017

In this work, we demonstrate two-color inline refractivity compensation in a heterodyne synthetic wavelength interferometer for a measurement of absolute distances over several hundred meters with sub-millimeter accuracy. Two frequency-doubled Nd:YAG lasers with a coherence length of more than 1 km are used as light sources. Direct SI traceability is achieved by controlling the lasers' frequency difference in the radio frequency regime. The resulting synthetic wavelengths at 532 nm and 1064 nm are used for the absolute distance measurement and dispersion-based inline refractive index compensation. A standard deviation of 50 μm is achieved for distances up to 864 m. This performance corresponds to a standard deviation of the observable, the difference of the four optical wavelengths, on a sub-nanometer level. Comparison against white light interferometry confirms sub-millimeter accuracy over this distance. Temporally resolved data over 864 m provide quantitative insights into the influence of chromatic beam paths.
Eliminating the non-Gaussian spectral response of X-ray absorbers for transition-edge sensors
Authors: Yan Daikang , Divan Ralu , Gades Lisa M. , Kenesei Peter , Madden Timothy J. , Miceli Antonino , Park Jun-Sang , Patel Umeshkumar M. , Quaranta Orlando , Sharma Hemant , Bennett Douglas A. , Doriese William B. , Fowler Joseph W. , Gard Johnathon D. , Hays-Wehle James P. , Morgan Kelsey M. , Schmidt Daniel R. , Swetz Daniel S. , Ullom Joel N.
Published: November 2017

Transition-edge sensors (TESs) as microcalorimeters for high-energy-resolution X-ray spectroscopy are often fabricated with an absorber made of materials with high Z (for X-ray stopping power) and low heat capacity (for high resolving power). Bismuth represents one of the most compelling options. TESs with evaporated bismuth absorbers have shown spectra with undesirable and unexplained low-energy tails. We have developed TESs with electroplated bismuth absorbers over a gold layer that are not afflicted by this problem and that retain the other positive aspects of this material. To better understand these phenomena, we have studied a series of TESs with gold, gold/evaporated bismuth, and gold/electroplated bismuth absorbers, fabricated on the same die with identical thermal coupling. We show that the bismuth morphology is linked to the spectral response of X-ray TES microcalorimeters.
Small-world networks exhibit pronounced intermittent synchronization
Authors: Choudhary Anshul , Mitra Chiranjit , Kohar Vivek , Sinha Sudeshna , Kurths Jürgen
Published: November 2017

We report the phenomenon of temporally intermittently synchronized and desynchronized dynamics in Watts-Strogatz networks of chaotic Rössler oscillators. We consider topologies for which the master stability function (MSF) predicts stable synchronized behaviour, as the rewiring probability (p) is tuned from 0 to 1. MSF essentially utilizes the largest non-zero Lyapunov exponent transversal to the synchronization manifold in making stability considerations, thereby ignoring the other Lyapunov exponents. However, for an N-node networked dynamical system, we observe that the difference in its Lyapunov spectra (corresponding to the N – 1 directions transversal to the synchronization manifold) is crucial and serves as an indicator of the presence of intermittently synchronized behaviour. In addition to the linear stability-based (MSF) analysis, we further provide global stability estimate in terms of the fraction of state-space volume shared by the intermittently synchronized state, as p is varied from 0 to 1. This fraction becomes appreciably large in the small-world regime, which is surprising, since this limit has been otherwise considered optimal for synchronized dynamics. Finally, we characterize the nature of the observed intermittency and its dominance in state-space as network rewiring probability (p) is varied.
Mapping the magnetization fine structure of a lattice of Bloch-type skyrmions in an FeGe thin film
Authors: Kovács András , Caron Jan , Savchenko Andrii S. , Kiselev Nikolai S. , Shibata Kiyou , Li Zi-An , Kanazawa Naoya , Tokura Yoshinori , Blügel Stefan , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E.
Published: November 2017

Bloch-type magnetic skyrmions are nanoscale vortex-like spin objects that form densely packed lattice arrangements in B20-type chiral magnets in the presence of a magnetic field. Here, we use off-axis electron holography, in combination with an iterative model-based reconstruction algorithm, to study the geometries of the projected in-plane magnetization distributions of individual skyrmions in an FeGe thin film as a function of applied magnetic field. We compare our results with micromagnetic simulations and find a departure from magnetic chirality in the transition regions between adjacent skyrmions when they are in lattice arrangements.
Electroplated bismuth absorbers yield efficient, high-energy-resolution X-ray detection
Authors: Hendricks-Sturrup Rachele
Published: November 2017

Newly developed electroplated bismuth X-ray transition-edge sensor achieves high-quality X-ray detection and reveals the importance of microstructure when compared to evaporated versions.
Variation in climate determines differences in the effects of abiotic variables on the phytoplankton community in tropical ecosystems
Authors: Portella Corrêa de Oliveira F. H. , Moura A. N. , Dantas Ê. W.
Published: November 2017

The present study demonstrates the effects of abiotic variables on phytoplankton in two different tropical climates. Samples were taken from tropical reservoirs, including six from a tropical climate (As) and five from a semi-arid climate (BSh). Phytoplankton samples were identified, biomass was quantified and climatic and physicochemical variables were evaluated. Canonical analyses were performed in order to observe the effects of abiotic variables on phytoplankton. In both As and BSh ecosystems, the effects of the physicochemical variables were significant, but the synergistic effects between variables and climatic conditions were more pronounced in BSh. Micronutrients had a significant role in structuring the phytoplankton community in both As and BSh. In As, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii occurred in the presence of lower concentrations of zinc and copper, whereas in BSh this species was present in the presence of higher concentrations of zinc. In the As climate, Geitlerinema amphibium, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Planktothrix agardhii and Microcystis aeruginosa were associated with higher sodium concentrations in the water, whereas in the BSh climate these species experienced lower rainfall. The findings of the present study show that climate determines the effects of abiotic variables on the phytoplankton community in both an independent and synergistic manner. In the present study, phytoplankton in tropical and semi-arid reservoirs is mostly regulated by nutrients, the effects of which vary according to climate.
Variation in bird assemblages and their invertebrate prey in eucalypt formations across a rainfall gradient in south-west Australia
Authors: Majer Jonathan D. , Recher Harry F. , Norwood Christopher , Heterick Brian E.
Published: November 2017

Our previous work has shown how invertebrate food resources influence usage of tree species by birds. Using data from Western Australian forests and woodlands, we extend the findings to indicate how the avifauna is influenced by these resources at the landscape level. The northern dry sclerophyll forest of south-west Australia comprises jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) to the west, with an abrupt replacement by wandoo (E. wandoo) plus powderbark wandoo (E. accedens) woodland to the east; codominant marri (Corymbia calophylla) trees occur throughout. Knockdown samples have previously indicated that the canopy invertebrate fauna is richer and more abundant in wandoo woodland than in jarrah/marri forest. To provide an indication of their general abundance and diversity in these formations, invertebrates using the trunks of the ubiquitous marri were measured along a transect from jarrah/marri forest to wandoo woodland. Mirroring the canopy, the trunk fauna had high species turnover over short distances. As with the canopy fauna, invertebrate diversity and abundance was higher on marri situated in the wandoo zone than in the jarrah/marri areas, indicating a generally larger invertebrate fauna in the drier regions of the transect. Abundance and diversity of birds, many of which are wholly or partly insectivorous, were measured at the same sites. Birds were more abundant and there were more species in areas with the wandoo species than in those dominated by jarrah/marri. Assemblage composition also differed in the two forest types. It is evident that changes in bird abundance, richness, and assemblage composition are likely determined on a landscape scale by the type, abundance, and diversity of food resources available to them. These patterns of change within forest invertebrate faunas and their primary vertebrate predators need to be considered when making decisions on conserving or managing forest communities in Australia.
Structural basis for arginine methylation-independent recognition of PIWIL1 by TDRD2
Authors: Zhang Heng , Liu Ke , Izumi Natsuko , Huang Haiming , Ding Deqiang , Ni Zuyao , Sidhu Sachdev S. , Chen Chen , Tomari Yukihide , Min Jinrong
Published: November 2017

Significance

Arginine methylation is a common posttranslational modification serving as an epigenetic regulator of gene transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, and PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis. Methylarginine recognition is mediated by the aromatic cage of the Tudor domain. TDRD2–PIWI interactions are essential for piRNA biogenesis, but the biochemical and structural basis whereby TDRD2 recognizes PIWI proteins is not clear. We used crystallography and biochemical studies to show that TDRD2 binds to PIWI-like protein 1 (PIWIL1) in an arginine methylation-independent manner. Our complex structures revealed a binding mode by which the extended Tudor domain of TDRD2 recognizes PIWIL1 distinct from the canonical Tudor recognition mode utilizing an aromatic cage. Our results provide a paradigm for how Tudor proteins harboring an incomplete aromatic cage bind to PIWI proteins.
Rethinking Research Into (Occupational) Stress
Authors: Carr Adrian
Published: November 2017

Researchers often employ methodologies and instruments without regard to the assumptions that were originally made in the development of that methodology and instrument. This lack of reflexivity may lead to the protection of data whose usefulness is problematic. An instance of such blinkered research is the area of stress. This paper discusses a number of problems with past methodological approaches and conceptualisations of stress in an effort to cause future research to rethink the approach to this phenomenon. It is also the intention that this discussion may serve as a case study to alert researchers more generally to some taken for granted assumptions in research design.
Medical Benefits Abuse Under Medicare
Authors: Backhouse Peter
Published: November 2017

This paper examines the attempts of recent Federal governments to cope with the economic and political problems presented by medical benefits abuse under Medicare. Despite an intensive five-year parliamentary inquiry in the early 1980s, ongoing discussions with the medical profession, and an array of separate legislative and regulatory packages, medical fraud and overservicing has not been effectively contained. Indeed, while successive governments and the medical profession appear to be actively concerned with the problem, the available evidence strongly suggests that it has continued to expand, and remains particularly noticeable in the area of pathology services. The official response is that governments are doing as much as is legislatively and practically possible to minimise the extent of medical fraud and overservicing, and that there will always be ‘a few bad apples’ within the medical profession to ensure its continuation on a limited scale. This paper argues, however, that the very means by which governments have sought to alleviate the problem—and especially their central dependence on the cooperation and expertise of the organised medical profession—have not only exacerbated the problem, but have also induced its institutionalisation within the Australian health care system.
Regional Integration in the Pacific Rim: the Future of APEC and the Potential for Conflict With the World Trade Organisation WTO
Authors: Dieter Heribert
Published: November 2017

The second wave of regional co-operation and integration differs sharply from the first wave of integration projects. The latter were characterised by protectionist economic policies and were mainly pursued by developing countries. Integration projects in the 1990s involve mainly developed countries and among the most important of these is APEC. It is an exceptional case in terms of the relevance of the participating countries and with regard to the potential for conflict with the existing multilateral order. It appears that APEC integration will either follow the GATT logic, with trade liberalisation being granted on a most-favoured nation basis. Or it may pursue a discriminatory path, whereby trade concessions will only be offered to third countries on a reciprocal basis. The decision for an APEC integration process which is based on reciprocity would call into question the existing World Trade Organisation and lead to the development of a competing system for the liberalisation of world trade.