bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phasic muscle activity in sleep and clinical features of Parkinson disease
Authors: Bliwise Donald L. , Trotti Lynn Marie , Greer Sophia A. , Juncos Jorge J. , Rye David B.
Published: July 2010

Objective:

The absence of atonia during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and dream‐enactment behavior (REM sleep behavior disorder [RBD]) are common features of sleep in the alpha‐synucleinopathies. This study examined this phenomenon quantitatively, using the phasic electromyographic metric (PEM), in relation to clinical features of idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD). Based on previous studies suggesting that RBD may be prognostic for the development of later parkinsonism, we hypothesized that clinical indicators of disease severity and more rapid progression would be related to PEM.

Methods:

A cross‐sectional convenience sample of 55 idiopathic PD patients from a movement disorders clinic in a tertiary care medical center underwent overnight polysomnography. PEM, the percentage of 2.5‐second intervals containing phasic muscle activity, was quantified separately for REM and non‐REM (NREM) sleep from 5 different electrode sites.

Results:

Higher PEM rates were seen in patients with symmetric disease, as well as in akinetic‐rigid versus tremor‐predominant patients. Men had higher PEM relative to women. Results occurred in all muscle groups in both REM and NREM sleep.

Interpretation:

Although our data were cross‐sectional, phasic muscle activity during sleep suggests disinhibition of descending motor projections in PD broadly reflective of more advanced and/or progressive disease. Elevated PEM during sleep may represent a functional window into brainstem modulation of spinal cord activity and is broadly consistent with the early pathologic involvement of non‐nigral brainstem regions in PD, as described by Braak. ANN NEUROL 2010
In Situ Formation of Au–Pd Bimetallic Active Sites Promoting the Physically Mixed Monometallic Catalysts in the Liquid‐Phase Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Wang Di , Villa Alberto , Spontoni Paolo , Su Dang Sheng , Prati Laura
Published: July 2010

The catalytic oxidation of alcohols with molecular oxygen on supported nanometallic catalysts represents one of the green methods in a crucial process for the synthesis of fine chemicals. We have designed an experiment using physically mixed Au/AC and Pd/AC (AC=activated carbon) as the catalyst in the liquid‐phase oxidation of benzyl alcohol by aerobic oxygen. The evolution of the physically mixed catalyst structures at different stages in the catalytic reaction was investigated by aberration‐corrected high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and spatially resolved element mapping techniques at the nanometre scale, and they were also compared with the structure of the bimetallic alloy. For the first time we show the formation of surface Au–Pd bimetallic sites by reprecipitation of Pd onto Au nanoparticles. Negligible Au leaching was observed. The in situ structural evolution can be directly correlated to the great enhancement of the catalyst activity. Moreover, we distinguish the different behaviours of Au and Pd, thus suggesting an oxygen differentiating mechanism for Au and Pd sites. The findings are of great importance to both the understanding of the structure–activity correlation and the design of highly active catalysts in green chemistry.
Caring for cancer survivors
Authors: Bober Sharon L. , Recklitis Christopher J. , Campbell Eric G. , Park Elyse R. , Kutner Jean S. , Najita Julie S. , Diller Lisa
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

The number of long‐term US cancer survivors is expected to double by the year 2050. Although primary care physicians (PCPs) provide the majority of care for long‐term cancer survivors, to the authors' knowledge, few data to date have detailed PCP practice patterns, attitudes, and challenges in caring for long‐term cancer survivors.

METHODS:

Self‐administered surveys were mailed to 406 community‐ and academic‐based general internal medicine physicians in Denver, Colorado. Survey development included in‐depth physician interviews and pretesting. Of the 299 responses, 72 were ineligible; an analysis of the data from 227 surveys is presented.

RESULTS:

The response rate was 76%. Community‐based PCPs comprised 70% of completed surveys. Reported care patterns were assessed to create a multidimensional care score reflecting levels of attention to 4 areas of survivorship care: monitoring for cancer recurrence, management of late effects, sexual functioning, and mental health. Only 24% of PCPs met criteria for routinely providing more multidimensional survivorship care. More recent medical school graduates reported providing less multidimensional survivorship care when compared with their more experienced colleagues. Approximately 82% of PCPs believed that primary care guidelines for adult cancer survivors are not well defined, and 47% of PCPs cited inadequate preparation and lack of formal training in cancer survivorship as a problem when delivering care to long‐term survivors.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although PCPs provide the bulk of care for long‐term survivors within the survivorship phase of the cancer trajectory, only a small subset have reported providing multidimensional survivorship care. Results underscore a need for substantially increased training in survivorship care to support the delivery of multidimensional primary care for long‐term survivors. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4409–18. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Questions regarding frontline therapy of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop , O'Brien Susan
Published: July 2010

The results from multiple investigations using different induction approaches suggest that better regimens are available and should be investigated further in the context of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) heterogeneity and emerging prognostic knowledge concerning cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities. Today, based on existing data, evaluating bone marrow on Days 10 to 14 for residual AML and reacting to the bone marrow findings may be a common practice, but is not validated by objective data.
Dialogic mediation in conflict resolution education
Authors: Baraldi Claudio , Iervese Vittorio
Published: July 2010

Conflict resolution education is an interesting field for both teachers and experts. This contribution tries to understand how conflict management can be productive in the interaction between adults and children. For this purpose, the results of field research are presented; they concern videotaped interaction in classrooms and formal groups of children coordinated by adults trying to support children's conflict management. The data show the adults' dialogic actions, which may promote children's conflict management, as well as the problems and limitations of these actions, highlighting coordination between adults' dialogic actions and children's agency in conflict resolution education.
Topotactic Migration of Cationic Vacancies in La1–tMn1–tO3
Authors: Cortés‐Gil Raquel , Alonso José M. , Ruiz‐González M. Luisa , González‐Calbet José M.
Published: July 2010

A reversible topotactic oxidizing–reducing process has been clearly evidenced in the annealing treatment followed to stabilize rhombohedral and orthorhombic La1–tMn1–tO3 (0.016 ≤ t ≤ 0.038) samples. The study of the surface evolution followed by characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) gives evidence for a diffusion mechanism of La and Mn cations through the grain boundaries which provides a fast pathway in the perovskite related compound; however, contrary to theoretical predictions, the overall cationic ratio (La:Mn 1:1) is kept.
Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Suryanarayanan Vembu , Wu Cheng‐Tar , Ho Kuo‐Chuan
Published: July 2010

In this review, the applications of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) materials in the area of electrochemical sensors have been explored. The designs of the MIPs containing different polymers, their preparation and their immobilization on the transducer surface have been discussed. Further, the employment of various transducers containing the MIPs based on different electrochemical techniques for determining analytes has been assessed. In addition, the general protocols for getting the electrochemical signal based on the binding ability of analyte with the MIPs have been given. The review ends with describing scope and limitations of the above electrochemical based MIP sensors.
Metabolomic approach for determination of urinary nucleosides as potential tumor markers using electromigration techniques
Authors: Markuszewski Michal J. , Struck Wiktoria , Waszczuk‐Jankowska Malgorzata , Kaliszan Roman
Published: July 2010

In the postgenome‐sequencing era, several large projects have been running recently. Proteomics and other analysis or structural biology are the most active today. Since the late 1990s, metabolomics has been gaining importance in systems biology, as it provides real‐world end points that complement and help in the interpretation of genomic and proteomic data. Comprehensive information about the level changes of numerous metabolites present in the analyzed samples is essential in metabolomic studies. Therefore, the applied analytical techniques must be suitable for the simultaneous analysis of a diverse range of low‐molecular‐mass endogenous metabolites such as nucleosides at various concentrations and in different matrices, in particular, in urine and serum. In the view of metabolomic study, this domain is obviously significant to understand specific humans' reactions and it can be perceived as a diagnostic and predictive tool in pathological reactions. Since the term “metabolom” has occurred in common scientific use, there have been many publications about possible ways of analysis of nucleosides as metabolites of either oxidative DNA damage or RNA's turnover that are used as the potential tumor markers. Besides, the availability of fast, reproducible and easy to apply analytical techniques that would allow the identification of a large number of metabolites is highly desirable since they may provide detailed information about the progression of a pathological process. This paper, which describes the most relevant electromigration techniques, covers the period starting from the review of Karl H. Schram (Mass Spectrom. Rev. 1998, 17, 131–251) up to the beginning of 2009.
Effect of light supply and carbon source on cell growth and cellular composition of a newly isolated microalga Chlorella vulgaris ESP‐31
Authors: Yeh Kuei‐Ling , Chang Jo‐Shu , chen Wen‐ming
Published: July 2010

Light supply is one of the most important factors affecting autotrophic growth of microalgae. This study investigated the effect of the type and light intensity of artificial light sources on the cell growth of an indigenous microalga Chlorella vulgaris ESP‐31 obtained from southern Taiwan. In addition, a dissolved inorganic carbon source (i.e. sodium bicarbonate) was used to improve the biomass production of strain ESP‐31. The results show that a new fluorescent light source (TL5) was effective in indoor cultivation of microalgae. Better overall productivity of 0.029 g dry cell weight/L‐d was obtained when using TL5 lamps as the light source with a light intensity of 9 W/m2. A carbon source (sodium bicarbonate) concentration of 1000 mg/L was found to be optimal for the growth of strain ESP‐31 in terms of both biomass production and carbon source utilization. Under the optimal growth conditions, the resulting microalgal biomass consisted of 25–30% protein, 6–10% carbohydrate, and 30–40% lipid.
Development of emulsion from rhizobial fermented starch industry wastewater for application as Medicago sativa seed coat
Authors: John Rojan Pappy , Tyagi Rajeshwar Dayal , Brar Satinder Kaur , Prévost Danielle
Published: July 2010

Starch industry wastewater was efficiently employed for the production of Sinorhizobium meliloti and the concentrated culture was used for the development of a biofertilizer formulation. Tween‐80 (0.02 g/L) acted as the best emulsifier for a Sinorhizobium–canola oil emulsion. The stability of the emulsion and survival of the organism was enhanced by supplementation of xanthan gum at pH 8. The refrigerated condition was most favorable for stability and survival of the microorganism. The survival of microorganism at 4±1°C was 2.78×1010 and 2.01×1010 CFU (colony forming unit)/mL on storage for 1 and 2 months, respectively. The values were higher than the prescribed cell count (×103 CFU/mL) for field application. At 40°C, the survival of bacteria reduced from 3×1010 CFU/mL to 8.1×109 and 8.8×106 CFU/mL in 1 and 2 months, respectively. Emulsion‐coated seed was incubated at different temperatures and a cell count of 105 CFU/seed was observed after 2 months of storage at 4°C, which was equal to the highest level of the described requirement (103–105 CFU/seed). Emulsion supplemented with xanthan gum improved the shelf‐life under optimized conditions (Sinorhizobium concentrate – canola oil (1:1) emulsion with 0.02 g/L Tween‐80; storage at pH 8 and temperature 4±1°C) and this emulsion with the required cell count and prolonged viability was used for the pre‐inoculation of seed or for in situ soil application.
Green‐MAC‐LCCP©: Life‐cycle climate performance metric for mobile air conditioning technology choice
Authors: Papasavva Stella , Andersen Stephen O.
Published: July 2010

Most refrigerants used today are potent chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), greenhouse gases (GHG) that can contribute significantly to anthropogenic climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion. In a business‐as‐usual scenario, HFC emissions in 2050 have been predicted to be equivalent to 9–19% (CO2‐eq. basis) of projected global CO2 emissions. This percentage increases to 28–45% if projected CO2 emissions result in a 450‐ppm CO2 stabilization scenario. Half of current direct HFC emissions are from mobile air conditioning (MAC) and alternative refrigerants with lower global warming potential (GWP) should have higher energy efficiency. The European f‐Gas Directive phases out the use of refrigerants with GWP > 150, including HFC‐134a (GWP = 1430) from MACs by 2017. Life‐Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) identifies environmentally superior technology to minimize GHG emissions from refrigeration and air conditioning applications. The comprehensive LCCP model, GREEN‐MAC‐LCCP© focuses on the current choice among alternative refrigerants that meet the f‐Gas requirement starting in 2011. Using GREEN‐MAC‐LCCP© we estimate that the current MAC technology based on HFC‐134a refrigerant demands additional fuel during vehicle A/C operation in the: USA by 7%, in the EU by 7%, in Japan by 9%, in India by 15–20%, and in China by 7–10% depending on the humidity. We compare these data with the projected LCCP CO2‐eq. savings by the year 2017 when HFC‐134a will be replaced by a low GWP alternative (GWP < 150) according to the f‐Gas rule. We find that refrigerant HFO‐1234yf has the potential to reduce global LCCP CO2‐eq. greenhouse gas emissions by about 7% in 2017, whereas greenhouse gas emissions from air conditioning systems using R‐744 (carbon dioxide) refrigerants are estimated to be about 2% greater, compared to the current HFC‐134a MAC baseline systems. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Chimairoidoxylon conspicuum sp. nova, ein neues fossiles Holz der Formgattung Chimairoidoxylon SÜSS & VELITZELOS emend. SüSS, mit einer übersicht über das Vorkommen fossiler Hölzer auf der Insel Lesbos, Griechenland
Authors: Süss H. , Veitzelos E.
Published: July 2010

Die Gattung Chimairoidoxylon SÜSS & VELITZELOS wird verändert, neun fossile Holzreste aus dem Versteinerten Wald von Lesbos untersucht und als Chimairoidoxylon conspicuum sp. nova beschrieben sowie über das Vorkommen tertiärer Holzarten auf der Insel Lesbos (Griechenland) berichtet.
Introgression und morphologische Variabilität bei der Blauen Himmelsleiter, Polemonium caeruleum L. in Nordbayern, Deutschland
Authors: Feulner M. , Möseler B. M. , Nezadal W.
Published: July 2010

Polemonium caeruleum L. kommt in Nordbayern mit einigen wenigen, weit voneinander entfernten und hinsichtlich ihrer Größe stark unterschiedlichen Populationen im Mittleren Fränkischen Jura, im Oberpfälzer Wald und im Fichtelgebirge vor. Nach HULTÉN (1971) gibt es im Gebiet der mitteleuropäischen Hochgebirge Polemonium caeruleum‐Sippen mit ciliiertem Kronblattrand, die Zwischenformen aus Polemonium caeruleum und dem arktisch‐circumpolar verbreiteten Polemonium acutiflorum WILLD. ex ROEM. & SCHULT. sind. In nordbayerischen Polemonium‐Populationen wurde das Merkmal Bewimperung (Ciliierung) des Kronblattrandes dokumentiert, welches für weiter nordisch bzw. östlich verbreitete Arten wie P. acutiflorum oder P. campanulatum (TH.FR.) H.LINDB. typisch ist. Dies weist darauf hin, dass bei der nordbayerischen Polemonium‐Sippe, deren Autochthonie durch Pollenfunde belegt ist (vgl. KNIPPING 1989), wie bei den Pflanzen der mitteleuropäischen Hochgebirge Introgression stattgefunden haben muss. Weiterhin wurde bei den nordbayerischen Polemonium caeruleum‐Populationen eine hohe Intra‐ und Interpopulationsvariabilität bei Kelch‐ und Kronlänge, Petalenform und Häufigkeit von Pflanzen mit ciliierten Petalen dokumentiert. Die starke Intrasowie Interpopulationsvariabilität bezüglich der Merkmale steht mit Populationseigenschaften wie Populationsgröße und Auftreten von geographischer Isolation im Zusammenhang.
Dryopteris x brathaica FRASER‐JENKINS & T.REICHSTEIN (Englischer Wurmfarn; Dryopteridaceae, Pteridophyta) in Deutschland
Authors: Krause S. , Hachtel M. , Bennert H. W.
Published: July 2010

Bei Farnstudien an Material aus dem Rheinischen Herbar in Bonn wurde ein Beleg entdeckt, der als Aspidium x remotum bestimmt worden war und zu einer von ALEXANDER BRAUN 1859 im Aachener Stadtwald gefundenen Einzelpflanze gehört. Auf diesen Fund von ALEXANDER BRAUN gehen alle Literaturangaben über das (vermeintliche) Vorkommen von Dryopteris remota bei Aachen zurück. Da der Beleg auffällige Ähnlichkeiten zu Dryopteris x brathaica (= D. carthusiana x D. filix‐mas) zeigt, wurde mit Hilfe makro‐ und mikromorphologischer Methoden die taxonomische Identität dieses Beleges überprüft. Dabei wurde Material von den beiden einzigen bisher bekannten und cytologisch geprüften Pflanzen von Dryopteris x brathaica sowie neun verschiedene Herkünfte von D. remota miteinander verglichen und folgende Parameter analysiert: Wedel‐ und Fiederlängen, Spreuschuppenmerkmale, Sporenbeschaffenheit, Drüsendichte und Stomatalänge. Bereits bestimmte Einzelmerkmale, vor allem die Sporenbeschaffenheit (Sporen abortiert oder normal ausgebildet) und die Ansatzstelle der Spreuschuppen (dunkel oder hell gefärbt) lieferten Hinweise auf das Vorliegen von D. x brathaica. Bei der Bewertung aller untersuchten Merkmale mit Hilfe der Clusteranalyse ließ sich unsere Diagnose eindeutig bestätigen. Dies ist der erste Nachweis von D. x brathaica für Mitteleuropa; bisher war diese Hybride in nur je einem Exemplar aus England und Frankreich bekannt.
The orophilous communities of the Pino‐Juniperetea class in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean area
Authors: Brullo S. , Giusso del Galdo G. , Guarino R.
Published: July 2010

Orophilous plant communities of the Pino‐Juniperetea class, occurring in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean area, are examined. This vegetation is characterized by the dominance of trees and shrubs, mostly represented by conifers belonging to the genera Juniperus, Abies and Pinus. These communities are nowadays relegated to the supra‐ and oromediterranean belt, and show a fragmentary distribution, which is an evident proof of their relict connotation. The comparison among these communities, based on original and literature data, has highlighted a remarkable floristic and structural homogeneity, together with a series of geographical vicariances. From the phytosociological point of view, this justifies the arrangement of the aforesaid communities in the class Pino‐Juniperetea RIVAS‐MARTÍNEZ 1964, whose range is therefore extended to the whole Mediterranean basin. In the Central and Eastern Mediterranean area, the class is represented by the order Juniperetalia hemisphaericae, which comprises two new alliances: Berberidion aetnensis, restricted to the Central Mediterranean area, and Berberido creticae‐Juniperion foetidissimae, distributed in the Eastern Mediterranean area. Both of them have been on its turn split up in some suballiances, to emphasize the floristic autonomy of some well‐defined phytogeographical districts. The identified associations, many of them new to science, are examined from the nomenclatural, floristical, ecological, structural and chorological point of view. New groups described pp. 265 ff.
The center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES‐D) is an adequate screening instrument for depressive and anxiety disorders in a very old population living in residential homes
Authors: Dozeman Els , van Schaik Digna J. F. , van Marwijk Harm W. J. , Stek Max L. , van der Horst Henriette E. , Beekman Aartjan T. F.
Published: July 2010

Objective

The CES‐D is an instrument that is commonly used to screen for depression in community‐based studies of the elderly, but the characteristics of the CES‐D in a residential home population have not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the criterion validity and the predictive power of the CES‐D for both depressive and anxiety disorders in a vulnerable, very old population living in residential homes.

Methods

Two hundred seventy seven residents were screened with the CES‐D, and subsequently interviewed with a diagnostic instrument, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Instrument (MINI). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of the CES‐D were calculated by cross‐tabulation at different cut‐off scores. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves were used to assess the optimal cut‐off point for each disorder and to asses the predictive power of the instrument.

Results

In a residential home population the CES‐D had satisfactory criterion validity for depressive disorders and for any combination of depressive and/or anxiety disorders. With a desired sensitivity of at least 80%, the optimal cut‐off scores varied between 18 and 22. The predictive power of the CES‐D in this population was best for major depression and dysthymia (Area Under the Curve, AUC 0.87), closely followed by the score for any combination of depressive and/or anxiety disorder (AUC 0.86).

Conclusion

The use of one single instrument to screen for both depression and anxiety disorders at the same time has obvious advantages in this very old population. The CES‐D seems to be a suitable instrument for this purpose.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are services delivered by community health centers more cost‐effective? Evidence from urban China
Authors: Jiang Hongli , Chen Wen , Bi Kangning , Ying Xiaohua
Published: July 2010

China has introduced a system of community health centers (CHCs) to provide primary care. To test whether services provided by such centers are more cost‐effective than treatment at local higher‐level hospitals, the study compared health outcomes and expenditures for patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in three cities. We hypothesized that treating patients in stable condition at CHCs is less costly than providing treatment in higher‐level hospitals with no differences in health outcomes. Results indicate that daily drug and other medical expenditures were consistently equal or lower for patients seeking treatment in CHCs than for those treated in hospitals. Patients also saved time by visiting CHCs. Health outcomes, measured as mean arterial pressure for hypertension and plasma glucose for diabetes, were similar for patients seeking treatment in CHCs and hospitals in most cases. Results suggest that CHCs are more cost‐effective than hospitals in treating chronic diseases. Findings may also indicate that those patients seeking care at hospitals have more serious – and therefore more expensive and time‐consuming – conditions. Further empirical research is needed to clarify these results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Rural Mutual Health Care on outpatient service utilization in Chinese village medical institutions: evidence from panel data
Authors: Zhou Zhongliang , Gao Jianmin , Xue Qinxiang , Yang Xiaowei , Yan Ju'e
Published: July 2010

To solve the problem of ‘Kan bing nan, kan bing gui’ (medical treatment is difficult to access and expensive), a Harvard‐led research team implemented a community‐based health insurance scheme known as Rural Mutual Health Care (RMHC) in Chinese rural areas from 2004 to 2006. Two major policies adopted by RMHC included insurance coverage of outpatient services (demand‐side policy) and drug policy (supply‐side policy). This paper focuses on the effects of these two policies on outpatient service utilization in Chinese village clinics. The data used in this study are from 3‐year household follow‐up surveys. A generalized negative binomial regression model and a Heckman selection model were constructed using panel data from 2005 to 2007. The results indicate that the price elasticities of demand for outpatient visits and per‐visit outpatient expenses were −1.5 and −0.553, respectively. After implementing the supply‐side policy, outpatient visits and per‐visit outpatient expenses decreased by 94.7 and 55.9%, respectively, controlling for insurance coverage. These findings can be used to make recommendations to the Chinese government on improving the health care system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Routes of entry of squamous cell carcinoma to the mandible
Authors: McGregor Alan D. , MacDonald D. Gordon
Published: July 2010

A recent preliminary report of a study to determine the patterns of invasion of squamous cell carcinoma to the nonirradiated edentulous mandible indicated that tumor entered mainly through the residual alveolar occlusal ridge.1 This study has now been extended and includes both nonirradiated and irradiated mandibles. Of a total of 46 nonirradiated mandibles (10 partially dentate and 36 edentulous) invaded by tumor, 41 were invaded through the occlusal surface. This confirms the findings of the preliminary report. These findings indicate that there is a rational basis on pathologic grounds for adopting a conservative approach to the nonirradiated mandible. In 16 irradiated mandibles, the routes of tumor entry were found to be much more variable than in the nonirradiated mandible, and multiple foci of tumor invasion of the bone were often present wherever tumor in adjacent soft tissues approached the bone. This variability of tumor entry means that a conservative approach to mandibular excision cannot be pursued in the previously irradiated mandible and full‐thickness segmental resection is necessary if bone involvement appears likely.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with radiotherapy: Does planned neck dissection reduce the chance for successful surgical management of subsequent local recurrence?
Authors: Mendenhall William M. , Parsons James T. , Amdur Robert J. , Cassisi Nicholas J. , Million Rodney R.
Published: July 2010

For patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck whose primary lesion is managed with radiotherapy, radiotherapy alone or in combination with neck dissection may be used to treat clinically positive neck nodes. Although these two treatment options produce similar control rates for small mobile nodes, it is our impression that radiotherapy plus neck dissection is the preferred treatment for more advanced neck disease. The question that arises is whether the addition of a neck dissection after radiotherapy will decrease the likelihood of successful surgical management of a subsequent recurrence at the primary site. In an effort to answer this question, the records of 227 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were reviewed. All patients had clinically positive neck nodes and were treated with radiotherapy alone to the primary lesion. There was no apparent difference in the rate of disease control at the primary site or in the ability to manage patients successfully who developed a local recurrence when comparing patients initially treated with radiotherapy alone to those managed by radiotherapy and neck dissection. We conclude that postradiotherapy neck dissection does not decrease the likelihood of successfully managing a recurrence at the primary site.
Preoperative evaluation for partial laryngectomy
Authors: Chow James M. , Block Robert M. , Friedman Michael
Published: July 2010

The object of this study was to determine if pulmonary function tests were necessary in the preoperative evaluation of potential candidates for conservation laryngeal procedures. In addition, pulmonary complications from a series of partial laryngectomies were examined and correlated with a previous history of chronic obstructive lung disease. Ninety‐four patients with laryngeal tumors amenable to a partial procedure were assessed preoperative by testing their pulmonary function by stair‐climbing; they were considered to possess enough pulmonary function to permit a partial procedure. Pulmonary function tests were obtained in 69 of these patients. Measurements of vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 ‐second were reviewed and correlated with the postoperative development of pulmonary complications to determine if these tests of pulmonary function could reliably predict which patients would be more prone to developing pulmonary complications. The results indicated that pulmonary function tests or a prior history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could not reliably predict postoperative complications.
Trends in cervical cancer in the Netherlands until 2007: Has the bottom been reached?
Authors: de Kok Inge M.C.M. , van der Aa Maaike A. , van Ballegooijen Marjolein , Siesling Sabine , Karim‐Kos Henrike E. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Coebergh Jan Willem W. ,   on behalf of the Working Group Output of the Netherlands Cancer Registry
Published: July 2010

We explored trends in incidence and mortality of cervical cancer by age, stage and morphology, and linked the observed trends to screening activities. Data was retrieved from the Netherlands Cancer Registry during 1989–2007 (incidence) and Statistics Netherlands during 1970–2007 (mortality). Trends were evaluated by calculating the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Joinpoint regression analysis was used to detect changes in trends. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) detection rates were calculated by data from “the nationwide network and registry of histo‐ and cytopathology” during 1990–2006. Total age‐adjusted incidence rate (European standardized rate (ESR)) was 7.9 per 100,000 woman years in 2007. During 1989–1998, incidence rates decreased with an EAPC of −1.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) −2.2 to −0.3), during 1998–2001 with −6.7% (95% CI: −16.4 to 4.1), and increased during 2001–2007 with 2.3% (95% CI: 0.4 to 4.2). Total mortality ESR was 1.9 per 100,000 woman years in 2007. Mortality rates decreased during 1970–1994 annually with −4.1% (95% CI: −4.6% to −3.7%), and with −2.6% (95% CI: −3.8% to −1.5%) during 1994–2007. The observed trend in total incidence is similar to the trend in squamous cell carcinomas in age group 35–54 years, suggesting that the observed trends are likely to be associated to changes in the screening program. This is supported by the trend in CINIII detection rates. In conclusion, incidence and mortality overall decreased and leveled off. On top of that there was an extra decrease that was compensated by a following recent increase in incidence, probably resulting from reorganization of the Dutch screening program.
Factors affecting stem cell mobilization for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Özkurt Zübeyde Nur , Yeǧin Zeynep Arzu , Suyanı Elif , Akı Şahika Zeynep , Acar Kadir , Yaǧcı Münci , Sucak Gülsan Türköz
Published: July 2010

High‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is curative treatment in various hematologic malignancies. Mobilization and collection of peripheral blood stem cell is the essential part of ASCT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various mobilization regimens, determine the risk factors associated with mobilization failure (MF). We also investigated whether iron overload, which has an adverse impact on various aspects of HSCT including overall survival had any impact on mobilization kinetics. A total of 118 consecutive patients were included in this study. The rate of MF was 11.8 % with the first mobilization regimen. Frequency of MF was higher in lymphoma (P < 0.001) patients and in those receiving G‐CSF alone (P= 0.01). Peripheral CD34+ cell count (P < 0.001), bone marrow cellularity (P < 0.001), reticulin fibrosis (P < 0.05) were significantly lower whereas serum ferritin levels (P = 0.06) tended to be higher in patients with MF. CD34+ cell count of the first apheresis product was positively correlated with the white blood cell count (P < 0.05; r = 0.232), platelet count (P = 0.01; r = 0.233), peripheral CD34+ cell count (P < 0.001; r = 0.704) and the grade of bone marrow reticulin fibrosis (P < 0.001; r = 0.366). Serum ferritin levels were negatively correlated with maximum peripheral CD34+ cell count (P = 0.02; r = −0.216) and the CD34+ cell count in the first product (P = 0.05; r = −0.183). Platelet count (P = 0.03; β = 0.262), peripheral CD34+ cell count (P = 0.02; β=0.279) were the two variables which remained to be significant in multivariate analysis. Predicting the poor mobilizers with the platelet count for instance may reduce the risk of MF by using more effective regimens in advance. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Production of 3‐Ketosucrose by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Batch Culture
Authors: Kurowski W. Martin , Darbyshire John
Published: July 2010

Batch cultures of Agrobacterium tumefaciens were grown in a stirred reactor holding 400 litres of a minimal medium containing 20 g of sucrose litre−1. 3‐Ketosucrose accumulated in the medium during the growth phase to reach a maximum concentration of 6–8 g litre1 at the point of sucrose exhaustion, 18–20 h after inoculation. The 3‐ketosucrose produced was free from other sugars. The yield of 3‐ketosucrose was influenced by initial aeration rate and inoculum size.
Hydrodenitrogenation of pyridine over a Co‐Mo‐AI2O3 catalyst
Authors: Gupta Rajnish K. , Mann Ranveer S. , Gupta Ashok K.
Published: July 2010

The vapour phase hydrogenation of pyridine was investigated in an integral flow reactor at a pressure of 5.62 MPa over an alumina‐supported cobalt‐molybdate catalyst. The effect of various process variables, viz. temperature, reactant ratio and space time, on the conversion of pyridine was studied. The kinetics of the hydrogenation of pyridine to form piperidine have been investigated. The reaction showed pseudo‐second order behaviour and the order of the reaction rate in the initial pyridine concentration was found to vary with temperature.
Thermal reactivity of ammonium perchlorate crystallised from solutions having different pH
Authors: Verneker Vencatesh R. Pai , Kishore Kaushal , Gayathri Venkatnarayana
Published: July 2010

The thermal reactivity of ammonium perchlorate was found to be dependent on the pH of the solution from which it had been crystallised. A nitric acid‐crystallised sample reacted faster than an ammonium hydroxide‐crystallised one.
The immobilisation of enzymes on titanium‐activated inorganic supports
Authors: Cardoso Joaquim P. , Chaplin Martin F. , Emery A. Nicholas , Kennedy John F. , Revel‐Chion Livio P.
Published: July 2010

Methods are described for the immobilisation of enzymes on inorganic supports activated by the surface deposition of an imperfectly crystallised film of TiO2. The stability of the preparations is shown to be strongly dependent on the integrity of the support‐TiO2 link which is in turn dependent on the pretreatment of the solid support. The enzyme may be linked to the activated support using 5‐aminosalicylic acid (with or without diazotisation), tannic acid or stannous chloride, or by direct contact. These preparations are shown to have activities and operational stabilities superior to those of a preparation made using the silane‐glutaraldehyde method on the same glass support.
Determination of matrix composition based on solute‐solute nearest‐neighbor distances in atom probe tomography
Authors: Geuser F. De , Lefebvre W.
Published: July 2010

In this study, we propose a fast automatic method providing the matrix concentration in an atom probe tomography (APT) data set containing two phases or more. The principle of this method relies on the calculation of the relative amount of isolated solute atoms (i.e., not surrounded by a similar solute atom) as a function of a distance d in the APT reconstruction. Simulated data sets have been generated to test the robustness of this new tool and demonstrate that rapid and reproducible results can be obtained without the need of any user input parameter. The method has then been successfully applied to a ternary Al‐Zn‐Mg alloy containing a fine dispersion of hardening precipitates. The relevance of this method for direct estimation of matrix concentration is discussed and compared with the existing methodologies. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Before the measurement of prejudice: Early psychological and sociological papers on prejudice
Authors: Webster Russell J. , Saucier Donald A. , Harris Richard J.
Published: July 2010

Given its renown, many psychologists and sociologists likely consider the publication of Gordon Allport's (1954/1979) seminal book The Nature of Prejudice as the inauguration of the psychological study of prejudice. However, we have uncovered rarely‐cited, published papers (starting in 1830) that provide a wealth of speculation on prejudice even before psychologists/sociologists attempted to measure it (circa 1925). Thus, this paper intends to discuss early published work on prejudice in psychology and sociology by focusing on three key questions: a) when did psychologists/sociologists recognize prejudice as a psychological phenomenon, b) when did psychologists/sociologists recognize prejudice as a phenomenon in need of study, and c) what were the historical and personal conditions that gave rise to the interest in prejudice? In short, the seeds of prejudice research were maturing for some time before Allport's seminal book and the first attitudinal studies on prejudice, although these earlier works are seldom cited. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
5a,10b‐Dihydrobenzofuro[2,3‐b]benzofuran type compounds and related products from P‐substituted phenols and glyoxal
Authors: Rahmatpour Ali
Published: July 2010

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Condensation reactions of glyoxal with p‐substituted phenol derivatives 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f have been carried out and the corresponding 5a,10b‐dihydrobenzofuro[2,3‐b]benzofuran 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f type compounds were obtained in good to excellent yields. The resulting dimeric products carrying methyl groups 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d were converted to the corresponding carboxylic acid derivatives as the new polymer forming monomers. Many of these reactions gave novel structures. No definite product was obtained by the similar reactions of glyoxal with thiophenol and aniline in place of phenols. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Policy measures for agricultural soil conservation in the European Union and its member states: Policy review and classification
Authors: Kutter T. , Louwagie G. , Schuler J. , Zander P. , Helming K. , Hecker J.‐M.
Published: July 2010

Agricultural soils are being increasingly targeted by European Union (EU) policy measures including measures within the Common Agricultural Policy. Member states have implemented a variety of measures at the national and regional level, which regulate the use of soils or offer incentives for the adoption of soil conservation practices. However, information on the specific purposes and implementation of these measures is difficult to access and no comprehensive overview is available.

We have elaborated a classification system for agricultural policies that allows the analysis of their impact on soil conservation. Each policy was defined as a set of singular policy measures. The policy measures were described with their attributes i.e. the soil quality objectives within the policy and the technical measures required. This classification system was applied to establish a policy inventory on the regulatory framework concerning agricultural soil conservation in the EU‐27. Data were gathered through a voluntary online survey completed by experts from national and regional ministries, administrative bodies and research institutes.

More than 50 experts and institutions from 24 EU Member States participated in the survey and more than 400 policy measures were entered into the database. The survey enabled a detailed and comparative analysis of the interrelationships among soil conservation practices, soil degradation processes and policy measures across member states at the national or regional level. Most policies, however, did not lead to the achievement of specific environmental goals that allowed for evaluation. In many cases, similar soil protection problems were addressed using different policy options. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On Weighted Poincaré Inequalities
Authors: Gianchi Andrea , Edmunds David E. , Gurka Petr
Published: July 2010

We are concerned with the problem of finding sharp summability conditions on the weights which render certain weighted inequalities of Poincaré ‐ type true. The conditions we find consist of proper integral balances between the growths of the rearrangements of the weights.
On the Action of a Linear Operator over Sequences in a Banach Space
Authors: Plans Antonio , Lerís Dolores
Published: July 2010

In this paper we study the action of a bounded linear operator over different kinds of sequences of a Banach space. Our work is mainly devoted to minimal and M ‐ basic sequences.

Plans and García Castellón have characterized the boundedness of a linear operator T by requiring the minimality of any sequence whose image is a minimal sequence (e.g. [P, 1969], [GC, 1990]). We extend these results to other types of sequences like M‐basic, basic, strong M‐basic, etc.,

We are also interested on conditions that ensure the minimality of the image of a given minimal sequence. Thus in Corollary 3.7 we characterize semi ‐ Fredholm operators as those which transform every p‐minimal sequence into q‐minimal.

In the last section we deal with M ‐ basis whose image is M ‐ basis or norming M ‐ basis or basis or in general the “best” possible sequence.
Singularities in Quasi‐Banach Spaces with Applications to Semilinear Elliptic Equations I
Authors: Runst Thomas
Published: July 2010

The paper deals with the extension of the singularity theory which was elaborated for Banach spaces to quasi‐Banach spaces. For general quasi‐Banach spaces some striking tools fail: not locally convex, the dual space may be trivial,…. Applying the concept of dual rich quasi ‐ Banach spaces and results about Fredholm maps some results of the classical theory can be carried over. As an application we show in the continuation of this part how one can use these results for the investigation of the solution structure of semilinear elliptic boundary value problems in function Rpaces of Besov ‐ Triebel ‐ Lizorkin type.
Random Self‐Similar Multifractals
Authors: Arbeiter Matthias , Patzschke Norbert
Published: July 2010

For describing the local structure of a random self‐similar measure we use the multi‐fractal decomposition of its support into sets of points of different local dimension. Under the strong open set condition we compute the Hausdorff dimensions of these sets and the generalized dimensions of the random self‐similar measure. Furthermore, the tangential distribution of the random self‐similar measure is investigated.
On the Polynomials of A. O. Gelfond Having Minimal Deviation from Zero together with Their Derivatives
Authors: Luquin Francisco
Published: July 2010

Some results of A.O. Gelfond concerning monic polynomials of least deviation (uniform) from zero together with their derivatives are extended to certain Lp ‐ norms and to several variables. As an application we extend a recent result of Xiaoming Huang to functions f∈C(n)n)([−1, 1]) which satisfy f(n)(x)≥1.
Scattering for Schrödinger Operators with Magnetic Fields
Authors: Demuth Michael , Ouhabaz El‐Maati
Published: July 2010

We study the existence and completeness of the wave operators Wω(A(b),‐Δ) for general Schrodinger operators of the form
equation image
is a magnetic potential.
(LF) ‐ Spaces and Tensor Products
Authors: Mangino Elisabetta M.
Published: July 2010

For a countable inductive limit of metrizable locally convex spaces, a condition (M) (in the sense of Retakh) by operators is introduced and the incidence of this property for the inter‐chageability of (LF)‐spaces and tensor products with a Banach space is discussed. Examples are given in the setting of weighted (LF)‐spaces of continuoua functions, Köthe (LF)‐sequence spaces, weighted (LB)‐spaces of holomorphic functiom on balanced domains.
On the Mehler‐Fock Transform in Lp‐Space
Authors: Yakubovich Semën B. , Saigo Megumi
Published: July 2010

The present paper is devoted to study the transform by the index of the Legendre function which is known as the Mehler‐Fock transform. Mapping properties of the Mehler‐Fodr transform in the weighted space Lp(ω(t); IR+) are given as the inversion formula. The image space is also characterized.
On Minimal Compactifications of ℂ2
Authors: Furushima Mnkio
Published: July 2010

Let (X,Y) be a minimal compactifiurtion of ℂ2. In this paper, we determine the structure of such a (X,Y) in the case where X is a normal hypersurface of degree d ≤ 4 in P3.
Elliptic Interface Problems in Axisymmetric Domains. Part I: Singular Functions of Non ‐ Tensorial Type
Authors: Heinrich Bernd , Nicaise Serge , Weber Beate
Published: July 2010

We study the regularity of solutions of interface problems for the Poisson equation in axisynunetric domains. The Fourier decomposition of the 3D‐problem into a sequence of 2D‐variational equations end uniform (with respect to the sequence parameter) a prior; estimates of their solutions are derived. Some non‐tensorial singular functions describing the behaviour of the solution near interface edges are given and the smoothness of the stress intensity distribution as well as the tangential regularity are characterized in tenns of Sobolev spaces. In a forthcoming part II of this paper, the results will be applied to error estimates of the so‐called Fourier‐finite‐element method for solving approximately elliptic interface problems in 3D.
On the Distribution Behaviour of Sequences
Authors: Winkler Reinhard
Published: July 2010

This paper presents results concerning those sets of finite Borel measures μ on a locally compact Hausdorff space X with countable topological base which can be represented as the set of limit distributions of some sequence. They arc characterized by being nonanpty, closed, connected and containing only measures μ with μ(X) = 1 (if X is compact) or 0 ≤ μ(X) ≤ 1 (if X is not compact). Any set with this properties can be obtained as the set of limit distributions of a sequence even by rearranging an arbitrarily given sequence which is dense in the sense that the set of accumulation points is the whole space X. The typical case (in the sense of Baire categories) is that a sequence takes as limit distributions all possible measures of this kind. This gives new aspects for the recent theory of maldistribukd sequences.