bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocular Phantom-Based Feasibility Study of an Early Diagnosis Device for Glaucoma
Authors: Moreno Marie-Valérie , Houriet Cloé , Grounauer Pierre-Alain
Published: January 2021

Glaucoma causes total or partial loss of vision in 10% of people over the age of 70, increasing their fragility and isolation. It is characterised by the destruction of the optic nerve fibres, which may result from excessively high intraocular pressure as well as other phenomena. Diagnosis is currently reached through a combination of several checks, mainly of the eyes’ fundus, tonometry and gonioscopy. Prior to validation for human subjects, the objective of this study is to validate whether ocular phantom-based models could be used to diagnose glaucoma using an onboard system, which could, even at home, prevent the early-stage development of the pathology. Eight phantoms modelling healthy eyes and eight phantoms modelling eyes with glaucoma due to excessive intraocular pressure were measured using an onboard system, including lens and electrophysiology electronics. We measured the actual average Zr (real part of impedance) impedance of 160.9 ± 24.3 ohms (glaucoma ocular phantom models) versus 211.9 ± 36.9 ohms (healthy ocular phantom models), and an average total water volume (Vt) of 3.02 ± 0.35 mL (glaucoma ocular phantom models) versus 2.45 ± 0.28 mL (healthy ocular Phantoms). On average, we obtained 51 ohms (−24.1%) less and 0.57 mL (22.9%) of total water volume more, respectively. Normality tests (Shapiro–Wilk) for Vt and Zr indicate p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively. Since these variables do not respect normal laws, unmatched Mann–Whitney tests were performed indicating a significant difference between Vt and Zr in the healthy ocular phantom models and those modelling glaucoma. To conclude, this preliminary study indicates the possibility of discriminating between healthy eyes with those with glaucoma. However, further large-scale studies involving healthy eyes and those suffering from glaucoma are necessary to generate viable models.
Simulations of Switchback, Fragmentation and Sunspot Pair in δ-Sunspots during Magnetic Flux Emergence
Authors: Chang Che-Jui , Kiang Jean-Fu
Published: January 2021

Strong flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), launched from δ-sunspots, are the most catastrophic energy-releasing events in the solar system. The formations of δ-sunspots and relevant polarity inversion lines (PILs) are crucial for the understanding of flare eruptions and CMEs. In this work, the kink-stable, spot-spot-type δ-sunspots induced by flux emergence are simulated, under different subphotospheric initial conditions of magnetic field strength, radius, twist, and depth. The time evolution of various plasma variables of the δ-sunspots are simulated and compared with the observation data, including magnetic bipolar structures, relevant PILs, and temperature. The simulation results show that magnetic polarities display switchbacks at a certain stage and then split into numerous fragments. The simulated fragmentation phenomenon in some δ-sunspots may provide leads for future observations in the field.
3D Photon-To-Digital Converter for Radiation Instrumentation: Motivation and Future Works
Authors: Pratte Jean-François , Nolet Frédéric , Parent Samuel , Vachon Frédéric , Roy Nicolas , Rossignol Tommy , Deslandes Keven , Dautet Henri , Fontaine Réjean , Charlebois Serge A.
Published: January 2021

Analog and digital SiPMs have revolutionized the field of radiation instrumentation by replacing both avalanche photodiodes and photomultiplier tubes in many applications. However, multiple applications require greater performance than the current SiPMs are capable of, for example timing resolution for time-of-flight positron emission tomography and time-of-flight computed tomography, and mitigation of the large output capacitance of SiPM array for large-scale time projection chambers for liquid argon and liquid xenon experiments. In this contribution, the case will be made that 3D photon-to-digital converters, also known as 3D digital SiPMs, have a potentially superior performance over analog and 2D digital SiPMs. A review of 3D photon-to-digital converters is presented along with various applications where they can make a difference, such as time-of-flight medical imaging systems and low-background experiments in noble liquids. Finally, a review of the key design choices that must be made to obtain an optimized 3D photon-to-digital converter for radiation instrumentation, more specifically the single-photon avalanche diode array, the CMOS technology, the quenching circuit, the time-to-digital converter, the digital signal processing and the system level integration, are discussed in detail.
E-Textile Systems Reliability Assessment—A Miniaturized Accelerometer Used to Investigate Damage during Their Washing
Authors: Zaman Shahood uz , Tao Xuyuan , Cochrane Cédric , Koncar Vladan
Published: January 2021

E-textiles reveal a new and hybrid sector of the industry that is created by the integration of electronic components or textile-based electronics in our daily life textile products. They are facing problems in terms of washability, reliability, and user acceptance. This manuscript explains the mechanical stresses acting during the washing process and their impact on e-textile systems. Different washing programs were investigated in terms of total process duration. This washing process duration is mainly divided into three diverse washing actions: low-speed rotation, high-speed rotation, and stop time. This investigation was performed to highlight the importance of the washing actions and their percentages in the total washing process. A piece of fabric with a flexible PCB (printed circuit board), equipped with an accelerometer with a Bluetooth communication device and a microcontroller, was placed in the washing machine to analyze the movement of fabric provoked by washing stresses. The PCB was used for fabric movements recording to determine the impact of mechanical stress on e-textile systems during the washing process. From the video analysis, it was concluded that the duration of the low-speed and high-speed rotation actions should be privileged comparing to the duration of the whole washing process. A power spectral density (PSD) analysis based on the accelerometer outputs was realized. Mechanical stresses at different frequencies were identified. Based on this analysis, it could be possible to improve the protocols of mechanical tests (Martindale and pilling box) used to simulate the mechanical stress applied to e-textile systems during the washing process.
Coupling Analytical Models and Machine Learning Methods for Fast and Reliable Resolution of Effects in Multifrequency Eddy-Current Sensors
Authors: Kucheryavskiy Sergey , Egorov Alexander , Polyakov Victor
Published: January 2021

Eddy current (EC) measurements, widely used for diagnostics of conductive materials, are highly dependent on physical properties and geometry of a sample as well as on a design of an EC-sensor. For a sensor of a given design, the conductivity and thickness of a sample as well as the gap between the sample and the sensor (lift-off) are the most influencing parameters. Estimation of these parameters, based on signals acquired from the sensor, is quite complicated in case when all three parameters are unknown and may vary. In this paper, we propose a machine learning based approach for solving this problem. The approach makes it possible to avoid time and resource-consuming computations and does not require experimental data for training of the prediction models. The approach was tested using independent sets of measurements from both simulated and real experimental data.
A Microvalve Module with High Chemical Inertness and Embedded Flow Heating for Microscale Gas Chromatography
Authors: Lu Hsueh-Tsung , Qin Yutao , Gianchandani Yogesh
Published: January 2021

This paper reports a multi-valve module with high chemical inertness and embedded flow heating for microscale gas chromatography (µGC) systems. The multi-valve module incorporates a monolithically microfabricated die stack, polyimide valve membranes, and solenoid actuators. The design incorporates three valves within a single module of volume 30.2 cm3, which is suitable for the small form factor of µGC systems. The die stack uses fused silica wafers and polyimide valve membranes that enhance chemical inertness. The monolithic die stack requires only three lithographic masks to pattern fluidic microchannels, valve seats, and thin-film metal heaters and thermistors. The performance of fabricated multi-valve modules is compared to a commercial valve in tests using multiple volatile organic compounds, including alkanes, alcohols, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, and phosphonates. The valves show almost no distortion of chromatographic peaks. The experimentally measured ratio of flow conductance is 3.46 × 103, with 4.15 sccm/kPa in the open state and 0.0012 sccm/kPa in the closed state. The response time is <120 ms.
Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Computed Tomography for Investigation of Batch Crystallisation Processes
Authors: Koulountzios Panagiotis , Rymarczyk Tomasz , Soleimani Manuchehr
Published: January 2021

Crystallisation is a crucial step in many industrial processes. Many sensors are being investigated for monitoring such processes to enhance the efficiency of them. Ultrasound techniques have been used for particle sizing characterization of liquid suspensions, in crystallisation process. An ultrasound tomography system with an array of ultrasound sensors can provide spatial information inside the process when compared to single-measurement systems. In this study, the batch crystallisation experiments have been conducted in a lab-scale reactor in calcium carbonate crystallisation. Real-time ultrasound tomographic imaging is done via a contactless ultrasound tomography sensor array. The effect of the injection rate and the stirring speed was considered as two control parameters in these crystallisation functions. Transmission mode ultrasound tomography comprises 32 piezoelectric transducers with central frequency of 40 kHz has been used. The process-based experimental investigation shows the capability of the proposed ultrasound tomography system for crystallisation process monitoring. Information on process dynamics, as well as process malfunction, can be obtained via the ultrasound tomography system.
Effect of Spectral Signal-to-Noise Ratio on Resolution Enhancement at Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Ma Long , Xia Guo , Jin Shiqun , Bai Lihao , Wang Jiangtao , Chen Qiaoqin , Cai Xiaobo
Published: January 2021

Refractive index resolution is an important indicator for a wavelength interrogation surface plasmon resonance sensor, which can be affected by signal-to-noise ratio. This paper investigates the impact of spectral signal-to-noise ratio on a surface plasmon resonance sensor. The effects of different spectral powers and noises are compared and verified through simulation and experiments. The results indicate that the optimal resonance wavelength is changed and the refractive index resolution can even be nearly twice as good when the spectral signal-to-noise ratio is increased. The optimal resonance wavelength can be found by changing the spectral power distribution or noise.
Moving the Lab into the Mountains: A Pilot Study of Human Activity Recognition in Unstructured Environments
Authors: Russell Brian , McDaid Andrew , Toscano William , Hume Patria
Published: January 2021

Goal: To develop and validate a field-based data collection and assessment method for human activity recognition in the mountains with variations in terrain and fatigue using a single accelerometer and a deep learning model. Methods: The protocol generated an unsupervised labelled dataset of various long-term field-based activities including run, walk, stand, lay and obstacle climb. Activity was voluntary so transitions could not be determined a priori. Terrain variations included slope, crossing rivers, obstacles and surfaces including road, gravel, clay, mud, long grass and rough track. Fatigue levels were modulated between rested to physical exhaustion. The dataset was used to train a deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) capable of being deployed on battery powered devices. The human activity recognition results were compared to a lab-based dataset with 1,098,204 samples and six features, uniform smooth surfaces, non-fatigued supervised participants and activity labelling defined by the protocol. Results: The trail run dataset had 3,829,759 samples with five features. The repetitive activities and single instance activities required hyper parameter tuning to reach an overall accuracy 0.978 with a minimum class precision for the one-off activity (climbing gate) of 0.802. Conclusion: The experimental results showed that the CNN deep learning model performed well with terrain and fatigue variations compared to the lab equivalents (accuracy 97.8% vs. 97.7% for trail vs. lab). Significance: To the authors knowledge this study demonstrated the first successful human activity recognition (HAR) in a mountain environment. A robust and repeatable protocol was developed to generate a validated trail running dataset when there were no observers present and activity types changed on a voluntary basis across variations in terrain surface and both cognitive and physical fatigue levels.
A Novel Hybrid Approach for Risk Evaluation of Vehicle Failure Modes
Authors: Zhou Wencai , Qiu Zhaowen , Tian Shun , Liu Yongtao , Wei Lang , Langari Reza
Published: January 2021

This paper addresses the problem of evaluating vehicle failure modes efficiently during the driving process. Generally, the most critical factors for preventing risk in potential failure modes are identified by the experience of experts through the widely used failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). However, it has previously been difficult to evaluate the vehicle failure mode with crisp values. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid scheme based on a cost-based FMEA, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), and extended fuzzy multi-objective optimization by ratio analysis plus full multiplicative form (EFMULTIMOORA) to evaluate vehicle failure modes efficiently. Specifically, vehicle failure modes are first screened out by cost-based FMEA according to maintenance information, and then the weights of the three criteria of maintenance time (T), maintenance cost (C), and maintenance benefit (B) are calculated using FAHP and the rankings of failure modes are determined by EFMULTIMOORA. Different from existing schemes, the EFMULTIMOORA in our proposed hybrid scheme calculates the ranking of vehicle failure modes based on three new risk factors (T, C, and B) through fuzzy linguistic terms for order preference. Furthermore, the applicability of the proposed hybrid scheme is presented by conducting a case study involving vehicle failure modes of one common vehicle type (Hyundai), and a sensitivity analysis and comparisons are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the obtained results. In summary, our numerical analyses indicate that the proposed method can effectively help enterprises and researchers in the risk evaluation and the identification of critical vehicle failure modes.
Measurement-Based Modelling of Material Moisture and Particle Classification for Control of Copper Ore Dry Grinding Process
Authors: Krauze Oliwia , Buchczik Dariusz , Budzan Sebastian
Published: January 2021

Moisture of bulk material has a significant impact on energetic efficiency of dry grinding, resultant particle size distribution and particle shape, and conditions of powder transport. As a consequence, moisture needs to be measured or estimated (modelled) in many points. This research investigates mutual relations between material moisture and particle classification process in a grinding installation. The experimental setup involves an inertial-impingement classifier and cyclone being part of dry grinding circuit with electromagnetic mill and recycle of coarse particles. The tested granular material is copper ore of particle size 0–1.25 mm and relative moisture content 0.5–5%, fed to the installation at various rates. Higher moisture of input material is found to change the operation of the classifier. Computed correlation coefficients show increased content of fine particles in lower product of classification. Additionally, drying of lower and upper classification products with respect to moisture of input material is modelled. Straight line models with and without saturation are estimated with recursive least squares method accounting for measurement errors in both predictor and response variables. These simple models are intended for use in automatic control system of the grinding installation.
Regionalismo e integración regional en América Latina
Authors: Bianculli Andrea C.
Published: January 2021

Las políticas y regulaciones sociales han sido tradicionalmente abordadas a nivel doméstico y global. Consecuentemente, su estudio ha recaído en el ámbito de la política (doméstica) comparada o de los estudios globales (Kennett, 2013; Surender y Walker, 2013; Van der Vleuten, 2016). Más recientemente, sin embargo, y de manera algo modesta aún, la regulación social ha comenzado a ser estudiada a nivel regional en la medida en que la región surge como un espacio relevante para gestionar los desafíos y la incertidumbre asociados a los procesos de globalización económica y social (Bianculli y Ribeiro Hoffmann, 2016; Deacon, Van Langenhove et al., 2010; Riggirozzi y Yeates, 2015). Mientras que el caso de la Unión Europea ha sido explorado de manera exhaustiva, otras regiones y organizaciones regionales han recibido menor atención.
Esto resulta especialmente sorprendente en el caso de América Latina, donde existe una larga historia y tradición de cooperación regional no solo a nivel comercial sino también en otras áreas, que incluyen salud, derechos humanos, no-intervención, y armas nucleares, entre otras (Petersen y Schulz, 2018). Este trabajo busca analizar de qué manera ha ido avanzando la regulación regional social en América Latina. A tal fin, se analiza el caso del Mercosur (Mercado Común del Sur). El análisis muestra que aun en un contexto de
regionalismo abierto o nuevo regionalismo, donde el foco era la liberalización comercial, ya en los años noventa del siglo XX, Mercosur inicia un proceso regional de regulación en dos áreas de política social: educación y salud. Con el tiempo, estas dos áreas, aunque estables, han ido manifestando diferentes patrones de regulación social. Los hallazgos hablan entonces de la necesidad de avanzar en estudios más amplios que nos permitan captar continuidades en los procesos regionales, así como las posibles variaciones entre
áreas de política aun dentro de una misma organización regional, donde la toma de decisiones presenta un fuerte carácter intergubernamental. Finalmente, y desde un punto de vista aplicado, muestra la necesidad de articular aún más lo regional como meso nivel entre lo nacional y lo global para dar respuestas eficaces a los problemas transfronterizos.
Bilateral optic neuritis secondary to presumed ocular tuberculosis in immunocompetent adults
Authors: Ganasan Diymitra K. , Shahrudin Nurul Ain , Mohd Zahidin Aida Zairani , Mohd Khialdin Safinaz , Md Din Norshamsiah
Published: January 2021

This case series aims to discuss cases of bilateral optic neuritis secondary to presumed ocular tuberculosis (TB) in two immunocompetent adults. Ocular TB has been associated with optic neuritis, but bilateral cases in immunocompetent individuals are rarely seen. We report a case series of two young healthy adults with bilateral painless optic neuritis as the presenting feature of ocular TB. Clinical examination, TB tests, and angiographic studies supported the diagnosis. All patients were started on anti-TB medication followed by oral prednisolone and had visual improvement a few weeks after treatment. As a conclusion, these cases highlight an atypical case of ocular TB presentation in immunocompetent individuals and thorough investigation is pertinent to preserve the visual function.
CALIDAD POSCOSECHA DE CULTIVARES DE MANGO DE MADURACIÓN TEMPRANA, INTERMEDIA Y TARDÍA
Authors: Siller-Cepeda Jorge , Muy-Rangel Dolores , Araiza-Lizarde Evelia , Ireta-Ojeda Adolfo
Published: January 2021

Se evaluó el comportamiento poscosecha de 12 cultivares de mango (Mangifera indica L.) cinco de maduración temprana (‘Edward’, ‘Diplomático’, ‘Ah-Ping’, ‘Van Dyke’, ‘Haden’), tres de intermedia (‘Manila Rosa’, ‘Tommy Atkins’, ‘Kent’) y cuatro tardías (‘Osteen’, ‘Palmer’, ‘Fabián’, ‘Keitt’); los mangos ‘Haden’, ‘Tommy Atkins’, ‘Kent’ ‘Keitt’ se consideraron testigos comerciales. Los frutos se almacenaron bajo simulación de mercadeo a 20 ºC y 87% HR por 12 d, y durante este periodo se hicieron evaluaciones físicas, químicas y fisiológicas. El tamaño y peso de los frutos varió desde 583 g (‘Osteen’) hasta poco menos de 250 g (‘Diplomático’, ‘Van Dyke’ y ‘Manila Rosa’). Los mangos de maduración tardía presentaron la menor pérdida de peso (< 4 %), con excepción de ‘Kent’. Al final del estudio, la mayor firmeza del fruto la mantuvieron ‘Ah- Ping’ y ‘Kent’ con 2.3 y 2.6 kgf, respectivamente. ‘Ah-Ping’, ‘Kent’ y ‘Fabián’ desarrollaron un color de pulpa atractivo (°Hue= 78) y un contenido de sólidos solubles superior a 12.5 °Brix. ‘Edward’, ‘Ah-Ping’, ‘Fabián’ y ‘Palmer’ fueron los cultivares con calidad competitiva en relación con los mangos comerciales.
EFECTO DEL 1-METILCICLOPROPENO (1-MCP) Y DE UNA PELÍCULA COMESTIBLE SOBRE LA ACTIVIDAD ENZIMÁTICA Y CALIDAD POSCOSECHA DEL MANGO ‘ATAULFO’
Authors: Muy-Rangel Dolores , Espinoza-Valenzuela Blanca , Siller-Cepeda Jorge , Sañudo-Barajas J. Adriana , Valdez-Torres Benigno , Osuna-Enciso Tomás
Published: January 2021

Por la importancia económica del mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. ‘Ataulfo’ en México, en este trabajo se estudió el efecto de 1- MCP (1-metilciclopropeno) y de una película comestible (PC) a base de quitosano, sobre variables de calidad y de vida de anaquel del mango ‘Ataulfo’, así como el efecto del 1-MCP sobre la actividad de enzimas hidrolíticas de la pared celular. Los frutos en madurez fisiológica se dividieron en seis tratamientos: 1) Testigo; 2) PC; 3) 1- MCP, 400 nL L-1; 4) 1-MCP, 800 nL L-1; 5) PC + 1-MCP, 400 nL L-1; y 6) PC + 1-MCP, 800 nL L-1. Los frutos se almacenaron 7 d a 12 °C y se transfirieron a 20 °C por 15 d. Se evaluó pérdida de peso, firmeza, pH, acidez titulable y sólidos solubles totales (SST), respiración y actividad enzimática de poligalacturonasa (PG), celulasa (Cx), α- y β-galactosidasa y β-glucosidasa. Los tratamientos con 1-MCP y PC no redujeron la pérdida de peso de los frutos, pero los tratados con 400 nL L-1 de 1-MCP mantuvieron mayor firmeza. Luego de 3 d de almacenamiento los frutos testigo y PC perdieron más de 50 % de la firmeza, y a los 9 d perdieron su calidad comercial. No se observaron cambios en pH y SST por efecto de los tratamientos en los frutos almacenados por 12 d. La respiración disminuyó en todos los frutos tratados con relación al testigo; los frutos con 1-MCP+PC retrasaron en 3 d el máximo climatérico. La actividad de PG y Cx se incrementó durante la maduración y la primera fue mayor en frutos testigo que en los tratados, mientras que la máxima actividad de glicosidasas se observó en el día 6. En los frutos tratados con 1-MCP se notó una reducción en las actividades de PG y Cx.
CINÉTICA DE ENRAIZAMIENTO in vitro DE PORTAINJERTOS DE VID EN RESPUESTA A LA FUENTE Y CONCENTRACIÓN DE AZÚCAR
Authors: Raya-Montaño Yurixhi A. , Villegas-Monter Ángel , Arellano-Ostoa Gregorio
Published: January 2021

En la micropropagación tiene particular importancia la fuente y concentración de azúcar debido a que afecta los procesos de organogénesis. En este estudio se compararon los portainjertos de vid (Vitis sp.) ‘Saltcreek’ y ‘Freedom’ cultivados en un medio reducido en sales, con tres fuentes de azúcar (sacarosa, glucosa y manitol), y tres concentraciones (43.82, 87.64 y 175.28 mM), más un testigo sin azúcar. La respuesta se determinó mediante la cinética de enraizamiento, número y longitud de raíces y potencial osmótico del medio. El mayor enraizamiento se registró en el portainjerto ‘Freedom’, en el que inició al quinto día de establecido el cultivo, mientras que en ‘Saltcreek’ inicio hasta el décimo día. El máximo enraizamiento (100 % para ‘Freedom y 75 % para ‘Saltcreek’) se obtuvo al usar como fuente de carbono a glucosa, aunque el mayor número de raíces en ‘Freedom’ se obtuvo con sacarosa y en ‘Saltcreek’ con glucosa, ambos a 175.28 mM. La longitud de raíz fue superior en el tratamiento con glucosa 175.28 mM en ‘Freedom’, y con sacarosa a 87.64 mM en ‘Saltcreek’. Se observó que al aumentar la concentración de azúcares el potencial osmótico disminuyó de -0.26 MPa en 43.82 mM de manitol hasta -0.69 MPa en 175.28 mM de sacarosa. En ‘Freedom’ se puede obtener hasta 97 % de enraizamiento en medio con potencial osmótico -0.69 MPa.
GENÉTICA DE LA RESISTENCIA A ROYA AMARILLA EN PLANTAS ADULTAS DE TRIGO HARINERO
Authors: Villaseñor-Espín Óscar M. , Huerta-Espino Julio , Leyva-Mir S. Gerardo , Villaseñor-Mir Héctor E. , Singh Ravi P. , Sandoval-Islas J. Sergio , Espitia-Rangel Eduardo
Published: January 2021

La roya lineal amarilla del trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) causada por Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici es una enfermedad de creciente importancia en los Valles Altos de México, pues llega a causar pérdidas en el rendimiento mayores a 60 % y deteriora la calidad del grano. Las variedades de trigo harinero 'Juchi F2000', 'Náhuatl F2000' y 'Tlaxcala F2000' fueron liberadas por el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias en el año 2000 para siembras de temporal o secano, que mostraron diferentes grados de infección por esta enfermedad. Para determinar la genética de la resistencia a roya amarilla de las tres variedades, éstas se cruzaron con la variedad susceptible 'Avocet- YrA'. Los progenitores y 148 familias F3 por cruza se evaluaron durante el Verano 2002 en Toluca, Estado de México, bajo una incidencia natural de roya amarilla. Con los resultados de las familias F3 se determinó que la resistencia de planta adulta a roya amarilla en 'Juchi F2000' está regalada por tres genes menores de efectos aditivos, y que en 'Náhuatl F2000' y 'Tlaxcala F2000' está condicionada por tres o cuatro genes de la misma naturaleza. Un gen en común en las tres variedades fue Yr18, que confiere resistencia parcial de planta adulta a roya amarilla. La progenie de 'Náhuatl F2000' manifestó mayor nivel de resistencia, lo que indica fue contiene más genes o genes diferentes y más efectivos; por ello, a través de una cruza triple entre las tres variedades podría aumentarse el nivel de resistencia a roya amarilla.
اثر قانون فاتكا الامريكي على الالتزام بالسرية المصرفية في العراق
Authors: جاسم اسيل باقر
Published: January 2021

يعد الامتثال الضريبي واحد من اهم البرامج التي تسعى الدول الى تنفيذها من اجل مواجهة التهرب الضريبي، وقد اقر الكونغرس الامريكي قانونا ضمنت حكومة الولايات المتحدة الامريكية من خلاله مكافحة التهرب الضريبي لمواطنيها المقيمين في خارج حدودها  الاقليمية، حيث اصدرت في عام 2013 قانون الامتثال الضريبي للحسابات الامريكية الخارجية والذي يطلق عليه اختصار قانون فاتكا اختصارا لعبارة: (foreign Account Tax Compliance Act).وتتجسد فكرة القانون المذكور في التزام المصارف في الدول التي تقوم بعقد مذكرة تفاهم مع الحكومة الامريكية بالإفصاح الى مصلحة الضرائب الامريكية عن تفاصيل الحسابات المصرفية لزبائنها من الاشخاص الطبيعيين والمعنويين ليتسنى لحكومة الولايات المتحدة الامريكية وتحديدا مصلحة الضرائب ووزارة الخزانة وتوثيق تلك الحسابات عند فرض الضرائب على دخول اصحابها لاحقا ان كانوا مشمولين بالتكليف الضريبي وفقا للقوانين الامريكية النافذة. وما تقدم يتضمن قدر من التقاطع مع التزام المصارف بالحفاظ على سرية حسابات عملاءهم، وهو ما يسمى بالالتزام بالسرية المصرفية الذي يعد من ابرز التزامات المصارف ازاء عملاءها. وبالنظر لكون العراق قد ابرم مذكرة تفاهم مع حكومة الولايات المتحدة الامريكية التزم بموجبها بأحكام قانون فاتكا ودخل القانون المذكور حيز النفاذ في 30/يونيو – حزيران /2014، لذلك يأتي هذا البحث لدراسة احكام القانون المذكور والية تطبيقه في العراق، ومدى تعارضه مع التزام المؤسسات المالية والمصرفية بالحفاظ على سرية حسابات عملاءها .
ادوات القضاء في تطوير قواعد القانون المدني (فرنسا أنموذجاً)
Authors: حسن حيدر فليح
Published: January 2021

على الرغم من مبدأ الفصل بين السلطات الذي جاءت به الثورة الفرنسية والذي عهد بمهمة وضع التشريعات وتعديلها إلى السلطة التشريعية ومهمة الفصل في المنازعات وتسويتها إلى السلطة القضائية، بيد ان القضاء الفرنسي لعب منذ ذلك التاريخ وليومنا هذا دورا كبيرا في تطوير قواعد القانون المدني الفرنسي (المعروف بتقنين نابليون لعام 1804 )، على نحو مكن هذا الاخير من البقاء صامدا دون تعديلات جوهرية (على الرغم من كل التطورات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية التي طرأت على المجتمع الفرنسي طوال هذه السنين) منذ صدوره حتى شهر شباط من عام 2016 وهو تاريخ صدور الامر التشريعي رقم 131 لسنة 2016 الذي يُعد التعديل الاكبر في تاريخ القانون المدني الفرنسي (والذي كان للسوابق القضائية أثر كبير فيه)، وقد استعان القضاء الفرنسي في أداء مهمته التطويرية تلك بادوات اهمها التفسير، والقياس، والاستثناء، والتكميل. من هنا جاء هذا البحث ليُسلط الضوء على هذه الادوات الاربع وما لعبته من دور في تطوير قواعد القانون المدني الفرنسي.
АДАМДАГЫ «МҮНӨЗ» ЖАНА «САПАТ» ТҮШҮНҮКТӨРҮ,
АЛАРДЫН ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМДЕР АРКЫЛУУ
ТУЮНТУЛУШ БӨТӨНЧӨЛҮКТӨРҮ
Authors: Көчөрова Г.О. , Долуева З.Д.
Published: January 2021

Адамдардагы "мүнөз" жана "сапат" түшүнүктөрү, ички туйгулары анын кыял-жоругунан билинет. Ички сезимдер кандай болсо, ошондой жагдайга жараша сырткы маанай өзгөрөт. Эгер адамдын ички жан дүйнөсүндө кубанычтуу сезим пайда болсо, анда маанайы жарык, кабагы ачык, күлүмсүрөгөн сүйкүмдүү жүздөрүн көрө алабыз, тескерисинче, сарсанаа болуу, бир нерсеге ачуусу келүү, кыжырдануу сезимде болсо, ал да анын жүзүнөн байкалат. Адамдардагы "мүнөз" жана "сапат" категориялары – эки башка кө-
рүнүш. Башкача айтканда, мүнөз – адамга гана тиешелүү болгон, анын жүрүм-турумундагы, башка адамдар менен болгон карым-катышындагы, жасаган мамилелериндеги, кыймыл-аракеттериндеги туруктуу психикалык касиеттердин жыйындысы. Кулк мүнөз – адамдын кайталангыс, жеке сапаттарынан жана ички дүйнөдөгү рухий байлыгынан көрүнөт. Макаланын мазмунун мына ушул маселелер түзөт.
Понятия «характер» и «качество» в человеке выражаются в его поведении. В зависимости от того какие внутренние ощущения у человека, меняется его настроение. Если у человека внутри появляются радостные ощущения, то и его настроение хорошее, и можно увидеть улыбчивое, милое лицо. Если же наоборот человек беспокоится, злится,раздражается, то это тоже заметно по его лицу. Категории «характер» и «качество» – это два разных явления. Иначе говоря, «характер» и «качество» - набор устойчивых психических свойств, который есть в человеке, в его поведении, в отношениях с другими людьми, в его действиях. Характер личности проявляется в уникальности человека, в индивидуальных
качествах и в духовных богатствах внутреннего мира. Данные проблемы составляют содержание статьи.
The concepts of character and quality in person,
their expression in phraseology. Ideas about the character and qualities of a
person are reflected in his actions. The mood changes depending in their inner
feelings. We see a happy smile and good mood if there is joy in a person's soul,
and if a person has a gloomy face, disappointment, anger, irritability can be seen
on his face.
In other words, character is a set of permanent psychological qualities that
belong to a person only, in his behavior, in his relations with other people, in his
actions. Character is an expression of a person's unique personal qualities and
spiritual sense. The content of the article is devoted to these issues.
Background Migration over Time: the Irish in mid-Victorian Cornwall
Authors: Solar Peter M.
Published: January 2021

The census manuscripts of 1841 and 1851 show that Cornwall was just a way-station for the Irish-born. They came from southern Ireland, put down few local roots and moved on, with only 30 per cent remaining in the county and 15 per cent in the same parish. Few found jobs in agriculture or mining, Cornwall's leading industries. Many were unmarried and, of those who were married, most had English spouses. In 1841 60 per cent of Irish husbands with Irish wives had military or government connections. Perhaps 20 per cent of the Irish-born were not migrants in the usual sense, being visitors, students or the children of English-born parents.
Tenement Size and Social Structure: Reflections on Chepstow in 1901
Authors: Gant Robert
Published: January 2021

This interdisciplinary study focuses on tenement (house) size, as recorded in the census in 1901, to explore demographic and social contrasts in Chepstow, an historic market town and river port in south-east Monmouthshire. For three contrasting enumeration districts, it contextualises this measure of housing status against the characteristics of the built environment, and applies the technique of house repopulation to derive spatial patterns of social difference and inequality from residents' age, household formation, net lifetime migration, and employment circumstances in the stagnating local economy. The study re-scales the investigative methods used by urban historians in city-wide studies of urban ecology and demonstrates how tenement size, a crude but under-utilised measure of housing stock, can support micro-scale studies of social differentiation in small but regionally significant towns. Equally as important, it provides an insight into the case-specific processes and particular outcomes of urbanisation during the nineteenth century in rural Monmouthshire.
Perilaku Celebrity Worship pada Remaja Perempuan
Authors: Benu Juliana Marlin Y , Takalapeta Theodora , Nabit Yustina
Published: January 2021

Celebrity worship behavior is one of the typical behaviors in adolescence. Self-identity issue in the teenage period would look for an ideal figure as a new role model beside their parents. On the other side, teenager’s celebrity worship behavior often raises concerns from parents and other social environments. This study aims to explain the celebrity worship behavior of teenage women. This study is a qualitative study, with interviews as the main data collection tool. The subjects in this study were 3 teenage girls aged 14 to 19 years. The results of the study showed that there are negative and positive effects of celebrity worship behavior for teenagers' lives. Entertainment-social and intense-personal form celebrity worship behavior can see in the entire subject.
Kebahagiaan Lansia di Panti Sosial
Authors: Mbeo Agnestiani Batzeba , Keraf M. K. P. Abdi , Anakaka Dian Lestari
Published: January 2021

Living the life happily becomes a dream for every elderly. The purpose of this research is to obtain an overview of the happiness of the elderly. This research uses a phenomenological as one of the qualitative method. Three elderly from Panti Sosial Budi Agung Kupang participated. The data were collected using interview and observation techniques. Triangulation is carried out to check the validity of the data. The collected data is analyzed by reducing the data, creating themes, and validating the themes. The results showed that all the participants were happy at Panti Sosial Budi Agung Kupang.
Self-Control with Social Media Addiction in Students of SMA Negeri 3 Kota Kupang
Authors: Bheo Dorothea Lidyaprima , Lerik M. Dinah Charlota , Wijaya R. Pasifikus Christa
Published: January 2021

Social media addiction can be seen as a form of internet addiction, in which individuals show an urge to use social media excessively. A person's inability to control himself to connect to the internet is the cause of internet addiction. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-control and social media addiction in students of SMA Negeri 3 Kota Kupang. The sampling technique used convenience sampling with a total sample size of 117 subjects. The analysis in this study used non-parametric correlation analysis Spearman Rank. The results of hypothesis testing using the Spearman correlation technique obtained a correlation coefficient of -0.387 with a significance level of 0.000 (P> 0.05). This means that there is a significant negative relationship between self-control and social media addiction in SMA Negeri 3 Kota Kupang. This study concluded that the higher the social media addiction, the lower the self-control in SMA Negeri 3 Kota Kupang and vice versa.
Online Game Addiction to Adolescent Adaptation Ability in Sikumana Village, Kupang City
Authors: Mone Mariani Mediatrix , Manurung Imelda F. E. , Keraf M. K. P. Abdi
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Online games are games that are accessed online by many players using the internet network. Excessive use of online games can lead to online game addiction. Teens who spend their free time playing online games have the opportunity to experience online gaming. This study aims to see the effect of online game addiction on self-efficacy in adolescents in Sikumana Village, Kupang City. The sampling technique in this study used the Slovin formula with 100 adolescents and 17-21 years old as many as subjects. This hypothesis reveals that online game addiction has a negative effect on adolescents in Sikumana Village, Kupang City. The analysis used in the study used simple regression analysis. This is indicated by a constant value of 28,432; this means that if online game addiction (X) is 0, then the self-value is 28,432. The regression coefficient for the online game addiction variable (X) is - 0.104, meaning that if online game addiction increases by 1%, then self will decrease by 0.104.
Manajemen Logistik Obat di Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Waibakul Kabupaten Sumba Tengah
Authors: Ladu Day Gracewati Rambu , Muntasir Muntasir , Sirait Rina Waty
Published: January 2021

Drug logistics management in the hospital consists of the stages of selection, planning, procurement, acceptance, storage, distribution, destruction, and control, and administration, which must be well-coordinated to function. This study was to determine the description of drug logistics management in the Pharmacy Installation of Waibakul Hospital, Central Sumba Regency. The method used in this research was qualitative. Data were collected by interviews. The results of the study explained that the management of drug logistics at the Waibakul Hospital Pharmacy Installation was already running according to Pharmaceutical Service Standards in Hospitals in Permenkes No.72 of 2016, but it was ineffective as obstacles were identified in each management stage. Constraints in planning were insufficient budget, frequent changes of doctors, and the ineffective use of consumption methods. In procurement, the budget was still lacking, procurement team was not from the hospital and the issue of internet networks in Waibakul Regional Hospital. In admissions, lack of human resources, and drug arrival time over the office hours, lack of infrastructure supporting drug storage such as cabinets, refrigerators, AC, pallets, trolleys, and printers, and medicine warehouse. The study also found the lack of human resources in pharmaceutical warehouses and drug distribution. In the extermination stage, no room was available for storing expired drugs and damaged drugs, and the time for drug culling was longer leading to an accumulation of medical waste.
Analisis Faktor Risiko Keluhan Muskuloskeletal pada Pandai Besi di Kecamatan Alak Kota Kupang
Authors: Mabilehi Ansel Ronaldy Refael , Ruliati Luh Putu , Berek Noorce Christiani
Published: January 2021

Blacksmith are the job that produced sharp object like knife and choping knife. Worker doing with explanated by the factors that associated with musculoskeletal disorder. This research aim to know factors associated with musculoskeletal disorder in blacksmith in Alak Subdistrict Kupang City, 2018. This is an analytic research with Cross Sectional design. Population on this study amounted to 31 that used chi square analyze. This research doing at November 2018 in the three kelurahan that Kel. Alak, Kel. Nunbaun Sabu and Kel. Namosian with 31 worker and used total sampling. Dependent variable: Musculoskeletal Disorder. Independen variable: age, cumulation year of worked, time work per day, smoked habitual, work load, work posture, work temperature and noise.At this research, from 31 respondents be found 26% minor sigh, 39 % mild sigh dan 35% sever sigh. Staticsly associated variable are: cumulation of year worked (-Value 0,047), kerja, time work per day (p-Value 0,013), dan work posture (p-Value 0,031). Doesn’t associated variable: age (p-Value 0,457), smoked habit (p-Value 0,551), work load (p-Value 0,682), work temperature (p-Value 0,764) and noised (p-Value 0,302). Blacksmith must be better work posture and time of worked perday and hope so the other principal review variable that’s no researching at this research.
Kebijakan Kriminalisasi Pengguguran Kandungan dalam Kajian Perbandingan Hukum Berbagai Negara serta Dampaknya bagi Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA)
Authors: Fanggi Rosalind Angel
Published: January 2021

Indonesia is a country where religion occupies a central position and the elements must exist in the national and character building. Although has been setting in Criminal Code, but still found many cases of abortions. This paper is about to dig up how the rule of law of abortions. That there is something more profound that abortion is not only about removal of the fetus but also moral and psychological impact for youth of Indonesia. This artice aims to answer the questions: how the criminalization policy of abortion in the positive law at the future? In preparing this thesis, using a normative juridical approach, the author examines library materials is a secondary data and using the comparative law method also of the several foreign countries. The conclusion of this study is the criminalization of abortion policy set out in the positive law is not enough to guarantee protection for public health. Criminalization policy of abortion in the positive law at the future can be done by considering the arrangement of the Criminal Code abortion in some foreign as an ingredient to make legal reforms and especially considering the meaning of the precepts contained in the second sila in Pancasila. Advice can be delivered are abortions is not the best choice, but in conditions harmful should settings that give protection and health coverage of pregnant women; should have arrangements to sell the drug/vehicle used to perform abortions; about the naming of the chapter should considered using the chapter on offenses against the moral; rules should be formulated to provide legal certainty for doctors and patients: the criminalization policy of abortion settings should be based on Pancasila and national development goals.
Gambaran Perilaku Kebersihan Diri Saat Menstruasi Pada Siswi Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 13 Kupang Tahun 2019
Authors: Ramly Ifna Qwinid , Ndoen Honey Ivon , Ndoen Enjelita M.
Published: January 2021

Personal hygiene during menstruation is an action to maintain health and hygiene in female genital areas during menstruation. Based on data compiled from the Central Statistics Agency and the National Development Planning Agency in 2010, 63 million female adolescents in Indonesia paid less attention to the hygiene of their reproductive organs when menstruating. Furthermore, infectious disease incidence that occurred in adolescents’ reproductive tract (10-18 years) was about 42%. This research purposed to describe personal hygiene behavior during menstruation in female students of class VIII SMPN 13 Kupang. The research was a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The number of samples was 63 female students of class VIII SMPN 13 Kupang taken by the simple random sampling technique. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a good level of knowledge (85,71%) and a positive attitude (80,95%) towards personal hygiene behavior during menstruation. However, most respondents had poor personal hygiene during menstruation (53,96%). Schools need to provide more references on adolescent reproductive health, especially personal hygiene during menstruation, for school teenagers.

Keywords: menstruation; personal hygiene; behavior
Relationship of Contraceptive Use Depo Provera with The Side Effects On Acceptance in Nulle Health Center
Authors: Cangdra Maria Iknasia Natasya , Ragaletha Tadeus A , Sir Amelya Betsalonia
Published: January 2021

Contraception is an effort to prevent the onsany of pregnancy that is temporary and can be permanent. One of the contraceptive methods that is in demand by the public is the hormonal contraceptive method, namely the injectable contraceptive Depo Provera. Hormonal contraceptive methods are considered one method with high effectiveness, but on the other hand hormonal contraceptives especially those containing progesterone have some side effects such as menstrual cycle disorders, spotting, increased blood pressure and weight gain. This study aims to find out the relationship between the use of injectable contraceptive Depo Provera with the occurrence of side effects on the acceptance in Nulle publick health center South Central Timor Regency in 2020. This type of research is quantitative research using a cross sectional study approach. The sample in this study was 95 acceptances spread across 8 villages that became the working area of Nulle Health Center. The data analysis used is univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using Chi-square test. The characteristics of the majority of respondents aged 21-30 years and 31-40 years were 42.9%, not working 55.6%, high school education 54.0% and parity 1-2 people as much as 49.2%. The results of the data analysis showed there is a relationship between the use of injectable contraceptive Depo Provera with side effects in the form of menstrual cycle disorders (ρ-value = 0.004), spotting (ρ-value = 0.006) and increase in weight (ρ-value = 0.010) while unrelated side effects are an increase in blood pressure (ρ-value = 0.423). Advice for health officials especially in the field of maternal and child health and family planning to increase the frequency of counseling/information to acceptors, especially injectable contraceptive acceptors Depo Provera regarding the side effects of contraceptive use and other factors that can influence the onsling of such side effects by utilizing health promotion media, so that the acceptor can have a good information/understanding of the contraceptive used.
Coping Strategies in Patients with Schizophrenia at Naimata Mental Hospital
Authors: Haman Generosus Magnum Marianus , Regaletha Tadeus A.L , Dodo Dominirsep O
Published: January 2021

Schizophrenia is one of the most common medical diagnoses of mental disorders and is a severe mental disorder that is influenced by biological, psychological and environmental factors. Schizophrenics have cognitive and behavioral disorders, so they have difficulty in determining appropriate coping. Koping is meant a process in order to change the cognitive domain and or behavior constantly to regulate and control external and internal demands and pressures. The purpose of this study was to determine coping strategies in schizophrenia the maintenance stage patients in the inpatient ward of the Naimata Kupang mental hospital. This type of research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were 70 patients with Schizophrenia. The sample in this study were 30 patients with schisophrenia. The results obtained are that there is no impact from physical health and education on the application of coping strategies to Schizophrenia patients. The impact of positive beliefs (Emotion Focused Coping), problem solving skills (Problem Focused Coping), social and occupational support or socioeconomic status on the application of coping strategies to schizophrenia patients. The type of Emotion Focused Coping used is the highest type of Distancing and the Escape-Avodiance type while for the type of use of Problem Focused Coping there are Confrontative-Coping, Planfull Problem Solving and Seeking Social Support. Hospitals and families are expected to always provide support to patients both in the form of verbal and non verbal, material, and motivational support to be able to support the healing process of schizophrenic patients.