bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Negative Sagittal Balance Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Merrill Robert K. , Kim Jun S. , McNeill Ian T. , Overley Samuel C. , Dowdell James E. , Caridi John M. , Cho Samuel K.
Published: May 2017

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:

Elucidate negative sagittal balance following adult spinal deformity surgery.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of adult spinal deformity patients who underwent long fusion (>5 levels) to the sacrum by a single surgeon at a single institution between 2011 and 2015. Patients were divided into cohorts of postoperative sagittal vertical axis (SVA) <−10 mm, between −10 and +10 mm, or >+10 mm, denoted as groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Univariate analysis compared preoperative factors between the groups, and a multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine independent risk factors for developing a negative sagittal balance (SVA<−10 mm) following adult spinal deformity correction.

Results:

We reviewed 8 patients in group 1, 9 patients in group 2, and 25 patients in group 3. The average postoperative SVA for group 1, group 2, and group 3 were −30.99, +3.67, and +55.56 mm, respectively. There was a trend toward higher upper-instrumented vertebra (UIV) in group 1 (T2) compared with group 2 (T10) and group 3 (T9) ( P = .05). A trend toward lower preoperative SVA in groups 1 and 2 compared with group 3 was also seen (+53.36 vs +71.73 vs +122.80 mm) ( P = .06). Finally, we found a trend toward lower body mass index in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3 (24.71 vs 25.92 vs 29.33 kg/m2) ( P = .07). Based on multivariable regression, higher UIV was found to be a statistically significant independent predictor for developing a postoperative negative sagittal balance of <−10 mm ( P = .02, odds ratio = 0.67).

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrate that a higher UIV may predispose patients undergoing adult spinal deformity correction to have a postoperative negative sagittal balance.
Return to Play in Elite Contact Athletes After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: McAnany Steven J. , Overley Samuel , Andelman Steven , Patterson Diana C. , Cho Samuel K. , Qureshi Sheeraz , Hsu Wellington K. , Hecht Andrew C.
Published: May 2017

Study Design:

Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of studies published in English language.

Objective:

Return to play after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in contact athletes remains a controversial topic with no consensus opinion in the literature. Additional information is needed to properly advise and treat this population of patients. This study is a meta-analysis assessing return to competitive contact sports after undergoing an ACDF.

Methods:

A literature search of Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Reviews was performed to identify investigations reporting return to play following ACDF in professional contact athletes. The pooled results were performed by calculating the effect size based on the logic event rate. Studies were weighted by the inverse of the variance, which included both within and between-study error. Confidence intervals (CIs) were reported at 95%. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q statistic and I2. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias calculations were performed.

Results:

The initial literature search resulted in 166 articles, of which 5 were determined relevant. Overall, return to play data was provided for 48 patients. The pooled clinical success rate for return to play was 73.5% (CI = 56.7%, 85.8%). The logit event rate was calculated to be 1.036 (CI = 0.270, 1.802), which was statistically significant ( P = .008). The studies included in this meta-analysis demonstrated minimal heterogeneity with Q value of 4.038 and I2 value of 0.956.

Conclusions:

Elite contact athletes return to competition 73.5% of the time after undergoing ACDF. As this is the first study to pool results from existing studies, it provides strong evidence to guide decision making and expectations in this patient population.
Trends Analysis of rhBMP2 Utilization in Single-Level Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion in the United States
Authors: Lao Lifeng , Cohen Jeremiah R. , Buser Zorica , Brodke Darrel S. , Yoon S. Tim , Youssef Jim A. , Park Jong-Beom , Meisel Hans-Joerg , Wang Jeffrey C.
Published: May 2017

Study Design:

Retrospective case study.

Objective:

To evaluate the trends and demographics of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) utilization in single-level anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) in the United States.

Methods:

Patients who underwent single-level ALIF from 2005 to 2011 were identified by searching ICD-9 diagnosis and procedure codes in the PearlDiver Patient Records Database (PearlDiver Technologies, Fort Wayne, IN), a national database of orthopedic insurance records. The year of procedure, age, gender, and region of the United States were analyzed for each patient.

Results:

A total of 921 patients were identified who underwent a single-level ALIF in this study. The average rate of single-level ALIF with rhBMP2 utilization increased (35%-48%) from 2005 to 2009, but sharply decreased to 16.7% in 2010 and 15.0% in 2011. The overall incidence of single-level ALIF without rhBMP2 (0.20 cases per 100 000 patients) was more than twice of the incidence of single-level ALIF with rhBMP2 (0.09 cases per 100 000 patients). The average rate of single-level ALIF with rhBMP2 utilization is highest in West (41.4%), followed by Midwest (33.3%), South (26.5%) and Northeast (22.2%). The highest incidence of single-level ALIF with rhBMP2 was observed in the group aged less than 65 years (compared with any other age groups, P < .001), with an incidence of 0.21 per 100 000 patients.

Conclusions:

The incidence of rhBMP2 utilization in single-level ALIF increased from 2006 to 2009, but decreased in 2010 and 2011. The Northeast region had the lowest incidence of rhBMP2 utilization. The group aged less than 65 years trended to have the higher incidence of single-level ALIF with rhBMP2 utilization.
Fueling White Injury Ideology: Public Officials’ Racial Discourse in Support of Arizona Senate Bill 1070
Authors: Rodriguez Cassaundra
Published: May 2017

In a seemingly post-racial moment in 2010, Arizona’s Senate Bill (SB) 1070 was under fire and challenged as racially discriminatory. While the 2010 immigration bill was popular among white Arizonians, critics charged that SB 1070 could facilitate the racial profiling of all Latinos/as in state law enforcement officers’ efforts to check the legal status of those they suspect are undocumented. Analyzing 70 recordings from the Arizona house floor, press conferences, and television interviews during 2009–2012, I investigate how public officials discuss their support for this contested legislation. Proponents of the bill largely used color-blind maneuvers in response to questions concerning racial profiling but simultaneously constructed racialized undocumented immigrants as criminals and economic burdens. Consequently, political supporters of SB 1070 engaged in a racial discourse evoking an implicit white injury ideology that positioned whites as injured by the presence of racialized immigrants, while all Latinos/as were constructed as outside the (white, injured) citizenry.
Frequency and epitope specificity of anti–factor VIII C1 domain antibodies in acquired and congenital hemophilia A
Authors: Kahle Joerg , Orlowski Aleksander , Stichel Diana , Healey John F. , Parker Ernest T. , Jacquemin Marc , Krause Manuela , Tiede Andreas , Schwabe Dirk , Lollar Pete , Königs Christoph
Published: May 2017

Key Points

The fVIII C1 domain contributes significantly to the immune response against fVIII in acquired and congenital hemophilia inhibitor patients. B-cell epitopes identified for monoclonal murine and human C1 inhibitors are recognized by antibodies present in patients with hemophilia.
A low-frequency deghosting method: Analysis and numerical tests
Authors: Wang Ying , Ramirez Adriana Citlali , Osen Are
Published: May 2017

The low-frequency component of seismic data can be beneficial for several reasons: improved signal penetration into the earth, enhanced resolution, and better constrained inversion results. We have developed a detailed analysis of a deghosting solution for the low-frequency spectrum of marine seismic pressure data. The advantages of this low-frequency deghosting method are: (1) it can be applied in the spatial domain, (2) it is applicable for horizontal streamers and for streamers with a mild depth variation, and (3) it is a fast-track solution that can be used flexibly as a preprocessing, or premigration step. The disadvantages of this method are: (1) it is an approximation to the full-deghosting operator and cannot infill the ghost notches of the spectrum, except near 0 Hz, and (2) it has decreasing effectiveness with a larger source/receiver depth. Numerical tests on the synthetic and field data sets indicate that this method is promising in deghosting data, up to at least half the frequency of the first nonzero ghost notch.
Prestack inversion and multiattribute analysis for porosity, shale volume, and sand probability in the Havert Formation of the Goliat field, southwest Barents Sea
Authors: Yenwongfai Honore Dzekamelive , Mondol Nazmul Haque , Faleide Jan Inge , Lecomte Isabelle , Leutscher Johan
Published: May 2017

An integrated innovative multidisciplinary approach has been used to estimate effective porosity (PHIE), shale volume ([Formula: see text]), and sand probability from prestack angle gathers and petrophysical well logs within the Lower Triassic Havert Formation in the Goliat field, Southwest Barents Sea. A rock-physics feasibility study revealed the optimum petrofacies discriminating ability of extended elastic impedance (EEI) tuned for PHIE and [Formula: see text]. We then combined model-based prestack inversion outputs from a simultaneous inversion and an EEI inversion into a multilinear attribute regression analysis to estimate absolute [Formula: see text] and PHIE seismic attributes. The quality of the [Formula: see text] and PHIE prediction is shown to increase by integrating the EEI inversion in the workflow. Probability distribution functions and a priori petrofacies proportions extracted from the well data are then applied to the [Formula: see text] and PHIE volumes to obtain clean and shaly sand probabilities. A tectonic-controlled point-source depositional model for the Havert Formation sands is then inferred from the extracted sand bodies and the seismic geomorphological character of the different attributes.
Gain-of-function mutations ofmau/DrAqp3a influence zebrafish pigment pattern formation through the tissue environment
Authors: Eskova Anastasia , Chauvigné Francois , Maischein Hans-Martin , Ammelburg Moritz , Cerdà Joan , Nüsslein-Volhard Christiane , Irion Uwe
Published: May 2017

The development of the pigmentation pattern in zebrafish is a tightly regulated process that depends on both the self-organizing properties of pigment cells and extrinsic cues from other tissues. Many of the known mutations that alter the pattern act cell autonomously in pigment cells, and our knowledge about external regulators is limited. Here, we describe several dominant missense mutations in Aquaporin 3a (Aqp3a/mau) that lead to broken stripes and short fins in zebrafish. A loss-of-function allele, generated by CRISPR-Cas9, has no phenotypic consequences, demonstrating that Aqp3a is dispensable for normal development. Strikingly, the pigment cells from dominant mau mutants are capable of forming a wild type pattern when developing in a wild type environment, but the surrounding tissues in the mutants influence pigment cell behaviour and interfere with the patterning process. The mutated amino acid residues in the dominant alleles line the pore surface of Aqp3a and influence pore permeability These results demonstrate an important effect of the tissue environment on pigment cell behaviour and thereby on pattern formation.
Dominant-negative Sox18 function inhibits dermal papilla maturation and differentiation in all murine hair types
Authors: Villani Rehan , Hodgson Samantha , Legrand Julien , Greaney Jessica , Wong Ho Yi , Pichol-Thievend Cathy , Adolphe Christelle , Wainwight Brandon , Francois Mathias , Khosrotehrani Kiarash
Published: May 2017

SOX family proteins SOX2 and SOX18 have been reported as being essential in determining hair follicle type; however, the role they play during development remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Sox18 regulates the normal differentiation of the dermal papilla of all hair types. In guard (primary) hair dermal condensate (DC) cells, we identified transient Sox18 in addition to SOX2 expression at E14.5, which allowed fate tracing of primary DC cells until birth. Similarly, expression of Sox18 was detected in the DC cells of secondary hairs at E16.5 and in tertiary hair at E18.5. Dominant-negative Sox18 mutation (opposum) did not prevent DC formation in any hair type. However, it affected dermal papilla differentiation, restricting hair formation especially in secondary and tertiary hairs. This Sox18 mutation also prevented neonatal dermal cells or dermal papilla spheres from inducing hair in regeneration assays. Microarray expression studies identified WNT5A and TNC as potential downstream effectors of SOX18 that are important for epidermal WNT signalling. In conclusion, SOX18 acts as a mesenchymal molecular switch necessary for the formation and function of the dermal papilla in all hair types.
Development of the larval lymphatic system in the zebrafish
Authors: Jung Hyun Min , Castranova Daniel , Swift Matthew R. , Pham Van N. , Galanternik Marina Venero , Isogai Sumio , Butler Matthew G. , Mulligan Timothy S. , Weinstein Brant M.
Published: May 2017

The lymphatic vascular system is a hierarchically organized complex network essential for tissue fluid homeostasis, immune trafficking, and absorption of dietary fats in the human body. Despite its importance, the assembly of the lymphatic network is still not fully understood. The zebrafish is a powerful model organism that enables study of lymphatic vessel development using high-resolution imaging and sophisticated genetic and experimental manipulation. Although several studies have described early lymphatic development in the fish, lymphatic development at later stages has not been completely elucidated. In this study, we generated a new Tg(mrc1a:egfp)y251 transgenic zebrafish using a Mannose receptor C type 1 (MRC1) promoter that drives strong EGFP expression in lymphatic vessels at all stages of development and in adult zebrafish. We used this line to describe the assembly of the major vessels of the trunk lymphatic vascular network, including the later-developing collateral cardinal lymphatics, spinal lymphatic, superficial lateral lymphatics, and superficial intersegmental lymphatics. Our results show that major trunk lymphatic vessels are conserved in the zebrafish, and provide a thorough and complete description of trunk lymphatic vessel assembly.
Fgf10-Sox9 are essential for establishment of distal progenitor cells during salivary gland development
Authors: Chatzeli Lemonia , Gaete Marcia , Tucker Abigail S.
Published: May 2017

Salivary glands are formed by branching morphogenesis with epithelial progenitors forming a network of ducts and acini (secretory cells). During this process, epithelial progenitors specialise into distal (tips of the gland) and proximal (the stalk region) identities that produce the acini and higher order ducts respectively. Little is known about the factors that regulate progenitor expansion and specialisation in the different parts of the gland. Here we show that Sox9 is involved in establishing the identity of the distal compartment before the initiation of branching morphogenesis. Sox9 is expressed throughout the gland at the initiation stage before becoming restricted to the distal epithelium from the bud stage and throughout branching morphogenesis. Deletion of Sox9 in the epithelium results in loss of the distal epithelial progenitors, a reduction in proliferation and a subsequent failure in branching. We demonstrate that Sox9 is positively regulated by mesenchymal Fgf10, a process that requires active Erk signalling. These results provide new insights into the factors required for the expansion of salivary gland epithelial progenitors, which can be useful for organ regeneration therapy.
Novel role of Rac-Mid1 signaling in medial cerebellar development
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Ueyama Takehiko , Ninoyu Yuzuru , Sakaguchi Hirofumi , Choijookhuu Narantsog , Hishikawa Yoshitaka , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Kohta Masaaki , Sakahara Mizuho , de Curtis Ivan , Kohmura Eiji , Hisa Yasuo , Aiba Atsu , Saito Naoaki
Published: May 2017

Rac signaling impacts a relatively large number of downstream targets; however, few studies have established an association between Rac pathways and pathological conditions. In the present study, we generated mice with double knockout of Rac1 and Rac3 (Atoh1-Cre;Rac1flox/flox;Rac3−/−) in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). We observed impaired tangential migration at E16.5, as well as numerous apoptotic CGNs at the deepest layer of the external granule layer (EGL) in the medial cerebellum of Atoh1-Cre;Rac1flox/flox;Rac3−/− mice at P8. Atoh1-Cre;Rac1flox/flox;Rac3−/− CGNs differentiated normally until expression of p27kip1 and NeuN in the deep EGL at P5. Primary CGNs and cerebellar microexplants from Atoh1-Cre;Rac1flox/flox;Rac3−/− mice exhibited impaired neuritogenesis, which was more apparent in Map2-positive dendrites. Such findings suggest that impaired tangential migration and final differentiation of CGNs have resulted in decreased cerebellum size and agenesis of the medial internal granule layer, respectively. Furthermore, Rac depleted/deleted cells exhibited decreased levels of Mid1 and impaired mTORC1 signaling. Mid1 depletion in CGNs produced mild impairments in neuritogenesis and reductions in mTORC1 signaling. Thus, a novel Rac-signaling pathway (Rac1-Mid1-mTORC1) may be involved in medial cerebellar development.
Histone acetyltransferase KAT8 is essential for mouse oocyte development by regulating ROS levels
Authors: Yin Shi , Jiang Xiaohua , Jiang Hanwei , Gao Qian , Wang Fang , Fan Suixing , Khan Teka , Jabeen Nazish , Khan Manan , Ali Asim , Xu Peng , Pandita Tej K. , Fan Heng-Yu , Zhang Yuanwei , Shi Qinghua
Published: May 2017

Proper oocyte development is critical for female fertility and requires timely and accurate control of gene expression. K (Lysine) Acetyltransferase 8 (KAT8), an important component of the X chromosome dosage compensation system in Drosophila, regulates gene activity by acetylating histone H4 preferentially at lysine 16. To explore the function of Kat8 during mouse oocyte development, we crossed Kat8flox/floxmice with Gdf9-Cre mice to specifically delete Kat8 in oocytes. Oocyte Kat8 deletion resulted in female infertility with follicle development failure in the secondary and preantral follicle stages. RNA-seq analysis revealed that Kat8 deficiency in oocytes resulted in significant down-regulation of antioxidant genes with a subsequent increase in reactive oxygen species. Intraperitoneal injection of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine rescued defective follicle and oocyte development resulting from Kat8 deficiency. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicated that KAT8 regulates antioxidant gene expression by direct binding to promoter regions. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that KAT8 is essential for female fertility by regulating antioxidant gene expression and identify KAT8 as the first acetyltransferase with an essential function in oogenesis.
Sonic Hedgehog regulation of Foxf2 promotes cranial neural crest mesenchyme proliferation and is disrupted in cleft lip morphogenesis
Authors: Everson Joshua L. , Fink Dustin M. , Yoon Joon Won , Leslie Elizabeth J. , Kietzman Henry W. , Ansen-Wilson Lydia J. , Chung Hannah M. , Walterhouse David O. , Marazita Mary L. , Lipinski Robert J.
Published: May 2017

Cleft lip is one of the most common human birth defects, yet our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate lip morphogenesis is limited. Here, we show that Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-induced proliferation of cranial neural crest cell (cNCC) mesenchyme is required for upper lip closure. Gene expression profiling revealed a subset of Forkhead box (Fox) genes regulated by Shh signaling during lip morphogenesis. During cleft pathogenesis, reduced proliferation in the medial nasal process mesenchyme paralleled the domain of reduced Foxf2 and Gli1 expression. SHH ligand induction of Foxf2 expression was dependent upon Shh pathway effectors in cNCCs, while a functional GLI binding site was identified downstream of Foxf2. Consistent with the cellular mechanism demonstrated for cleft lip pathogenesis, we found that either SHH ligand addition or FOXF2 overexpression is sufficient to induce cNCC proliferation. Finally, analysis of a large multi-ethnic human population with cleft lip identified clusters of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in FOXF2. These data suggest that direct targeting of Foxf2 by Shh signaling drives cNCC mesenchyme proliferation during upper lip morphogenesis, and that disruption of this sequence results in cleft lip.
SoxNeuro and shavenbaby act cooperatively to shape denticles in the embryonic epidermis of Drosophila
Authors: Rizzo Nicholas P. , Bejsovec Amy
Published: May 2017

During development, extracellular signals are integrated by cells to induce the transcriptional circuitry that controls morphogenesis. In the fly epidermis, Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signaling directs cells to produce either a distinctly-shaped denticle or no denticle, resulting in a segmental pattern of denticle belts separated by smooth, or "naked", cuticle. Naked cuticle results from Wg repression of shavenbaby (svb), which encodes a transcription factor required for denticle construction. We have discovered that although the svb promoter responds differentially to altered Wg levels, Svb alone cannot produce the morphological diversity of denticles found in wild-type belts. Instead, a second Wg-responsive transcription factor, SoxNeuro (SoxN), cooperates with Svb to shape the denticles. Co-expressing ectopic SoxN with svb rescued diverse denticle morphologies. Conversely, removing SoxN activity eliminated the residual denticles found in svb mutant embryos. Furthermore, several known Svb target genes are also activated by SoxN, and we have discovered two novel target genes of SoxN that are expressed in denticle-producing cells and that are regulated independently of Svb. Thus we conclude that proper denticle morphogenesis requires transcriptional regulation by both SoxN and Svb.
Apical constriction is driven by a pulsatile apical myosin network in delaminating Drosophila neuroblasts
Authors: An Yanru , Xue Guosheng , Shaobo Yang , Mingxi Deng , Zhou Xiaowei , Yu Weichuan , Ishibashi Toyotaka , Zhang Lei , Yan Yan
Published: May 2017

Cell delamination is a conserved morphogenetic process important for generation of cell diversity and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Here we used Drosophila embryonic neuroblasts as a model to study the apical constriction process during cell delamination. We observe dynamic myosin signals both around the cell adherens junctions and underneath the cell apical surface in the neuroectoderm. On the cell apical cortex the non-junctional myosin forms flows and pulses, which are termed as medial myosin pulses. Quantitative differences in medial myosin pulse intensity and frequency are critical to distinguish delaminating neuroblasts from their neighbors. Inhibition of medial myosin pulses blocks delamination. The fate of neuroblasts is set apart from their neighbors by Notch signaling-mediated lateral inhibition. When we inhibit Notch signaling activity in the embryo, we observe that small clusters of cells undergo apical constriction and display an abnormal apical myosin pattern. Together, we demonstrate that a contractile actomyosin network across the apical cell surface is organized to drive apical constriction in delaminating neuroblasts.
The cell wall-localized atypical β-1,3 glucanase ZERZAUST controls tissue morphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Vaddepalli Prasad , Fulton Lynette , Wieland Jennifer , Wassmer Katrin , Schaeffer Milena , Ranf Stefanie , Schneitz Kay
Published: May 2017

Orchestration of cellular behavior in plant organogenesis requires integration of intercellular communication and cell wall dynamics. The underlying signaling mechanisms are poorly understood. Tissue morphogenesis in Arabidopsis depends on the receptor-like kinase STRUBBELIG. Mutations in ZERZAUST were previously shown to result in a strubbelig-like mutant phenotype. Here we report on the molecular identification and functional characterization of ZERZAUST. We show that ZERZAUST encodes a putative GPI-anchored β-1,3 glucanase suggested to degrade the cell wall polymer callose. However, a combination of in vitro, cell biological and genetic experiments indicate that ZERZAUST is not involved in the regulation of callose accumulation. Nonetheless, Fourier-transformed infrared-spectroscopy revealed that zerzaust mutants show defects in cell wall composition. Furthermore, the results indicate that ZERZAUST represents a mobile apoplastic protein, and that its carbohydrate binding module family 43 domain is required for proper subcellular localization and function whereas its GPI anchor is dispensable. Our collective data reveal that the atypical β-1,3 glucanase ZERZAUST acts in a non-cell autonomous manner and is required for cell wall organization during tissue morphogenesis.
p38 MAPK as an essential regulator of dorsal-ventral axis specification and skeletogenesis during sea urchin development: a re-evaluation
Authors: Molina Maria Dolores , Quirin Magali , Haillot Emmanuel , Jimenez Felipe , Chessel Aline , Lepage Thierry
Published: May 2017

Dorsal-ventral axis formation in the sea urchin embryo relies on the asymmetrical expression of the TGF-beta Nodal. The p38-MAPK pathway has been proposed to be essential for dorsal-ventral axis formation by acting upstream of nodal expression. Herein, we report that, in contrast to previous studies that used pharmacological inhibitors of p38, manipulating the activity of p38 by genetic means has no obvious impact on morphogenesis. Instead, we discovered that p38 inhibitors strongly disrupt specification of all germ layers by blocking signalling from the Nodal receptor and by interfering with the ERK pathway. Strikingly, while expression of a p38 mutant resistant to SB203580 did not rescue dorsal-ventral axis formation or skeletogenesis in embryos treated with this inhibitor, expression of Nodal receptor mutants resistant to SB203580 fully restored nodal expression in SB203580 treated embryos. Taken together, these results establish that p38 activity is required neither for dorsal-ventral axis formation through nodal expression nor for skeletogenesis. Our results prompt a re-evaluation of the conclusions of several recent studies that linked p38 activity to dorsal-ventral axis formation and to patterning of the skeleton.
Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase regulates early endosomal dynamics during clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Kamalesh Kumari , Trivedi Deepti , Toscano Sarah , Sharma Sanjeev , Kolay Sourav , Raghu Padinjat
Published: May 2017

Endocytic turnover is essential for the regulation of the protein composition and function of the plasma membrane, and thus affects the plasma membrane levels of many receptors. In Drosophila melanogaster photoreceptors, photon absorption by the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) rhodopsin 1 (Rh1; also known as NinaE) triggers its endocytosis through clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). We find that CME of Rh1 is regulated by phosphatidylinositol 5 phosphate 4-kinase (PIP4K). Flies lacking PIP4K show mislocalization of Rh1 on expanded endomembranes within the cell body. This mislocalization of Rh1 was dependent on the formation of an expanded Rab5-positive compartment. The Rh1-trafficking defect in PIP4K-depleted cells could be suppressed by downregulating Rab5 function or by selectively reconstituting PIP4K in the PI3P-enriched early endosomal compartment of photoreceptors. We also found that loss of PIP4K was associated with increased CME and an enlarged Rab5-positive compartment in cultured Drosophila cells. Collectively, our findings define PIP4K as a novel regulator of early endosomal homeostasis during CME.
The effect of thermal acclimation on aerobic scope and critical swimming speed in Atlantic salmonSalmo salar
Authors: Hvas Malthe , Folkedal Ole , Imsland Albert , Oppedal Frode
Published: May 2017

The Atlantic salmon is extensively studied due to conservation concerns and its economic importance in aquaculture. However, a thorough report of their aerobic capacity throughout their entire thermal niche has not been described. In this study, Atlantic salmon (∼450 g) were acclimated for four weeks at 3, 8, 13, 18 or 23°C, and then tested in a large Brett-type swimming respirometer in groups of ten per trial. Both standard metabolic rate and active metabolic rate continued to increase with temperature, which resulted in an aerobic scope that also increased with temperature, but was statistically similar between 13, 18 and 23°C. The critical swimming speed peaked at 18°C (93.1±1.2 cm s−1), and decreased significantly at the extreme temperatures to 74.8±0.5 cm s−1 and 84.8±1.6 cm s−1 at 3°C and 23°C respectively. At 23°C the accumulated mortality reached 20% over four weeks, while no fish died during acclimation at colder temperatures. Furthermore, fish at 23°C had poor appetite and lower condition factor despite still having a high aerobic scope, suggesting that oxygen uptake was not the limiting factor in the upper thermal niche boundary. In conclusion, Atlantic salmon were able to maintain a high aerobic capacity and good swimming capabilities throughout the entire thermal interval tested, thus demonstrating a high level of flexibility in respiratory capacity towards different temperature exposures.
The impact of simulated motion blur on lesion detection performance in full-field digital mammography
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed K , Kelly Judith , Thompson John D , Mercer Claire E , Aspin Rob , Hogg Peter
Published: May 2017

Objective:

Motion blur is a known phenomenon in full-field digital mammography, but the impact on lesion detection is unknown. This is the first study to investigate detection performance with varying magnitudes of simulated motion blur.

Methods:

7 observers (15 ± 5 years' reporting experience) evaluated 248 cases (62 containing malignant masses, 62 containing malignant microcalcifications and 124 normal cases) for 3 conditions: no blurring (0 mm) and 2 magnitudes of simulated blurring (0.7 and 1.5 mm). Abnormal cases were biopsy proven. Mathematical simulation was used to provide a pixel shift in order to simulate motion blur. A free-response observer study was conducted to compare lesion detection performance for the three conditions. The equally weighted jackknife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic was used as the figure of merit. Test alpha was set at 0.05 to control probability of Type I error.

Results:

The equally weighted jackknife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis found a statistically significant difference in lesion detection performance for both masses [F(2,22) = 6.01, p = 0.0084] and microcalcifications [F(2,49) = 23.14, p < 0.0001]. The figures of merit reduced as the magnitude of simulated blurring increased. Statistical differences were found between some of the pairs investigated for the detection of masses (0.0 vs 0.7 and 0.0 vs 1.5 mm) and all pairs for microcalcifications (0.0 vs 0.7, 0.0 vs 1.5 and 0.7 vs 1.5 mm). No difference was detected between 0.7 and 1.5 mm for masses.

Conclusion:

The mathematical simulation of motion blur caused a statistically significant reduction in lesion detection performance. These false-negative decisions could have implications for clinical practice.

Advances in knowledge:

This research demonstrates for the first time that motion blur has a negative and statistically significant impact on lesion detection performance in digital mammography.
Evaluation of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in pure mineral hydrocarbon-based cosmetics and cosmetic raw materials using 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Lachenmeier Dirk W. , Mildau Gerd , Rullmann Anke , Marx Gerhard , Walch Stephan G. , Hartwig Andrea , Kuballa Thomas
Published: May 2017

Mineral hydrocarbons consist of two fractions, mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH). MOAH is a potential public health hazard because it may include carcinogenic polycyclic compounds. In the present study, 400 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was introduced, in the context of official controls, to measure MOSH and MOAH in raw materials or pure mineral hydrocarbon final products (cosmetics and medicinal products). Quantitative determination (qNMR) has been established using the ERETIC methodology (electronic reference to access in vivo concentrations) based on the PULCON principle (pulse length based concentration determination). Various mineral hydrocarbons (e.g., white oils, paraffins or petroleum jelly) were dissolved in deuterated chloroform. The ERETIC factor was established using a quantification reference sample containing ethylbenzene and tetrachloronitrobenzene. The following spectral regions were integrated: MOSH δ 3.0 – 0.2 ppm and MOAH δ 9.2 - 6.5, excluding solvent signals. Validation showed a sufficient precision of the method with a coefficient of variation <6% and a limit of detection <0.1 g/100 g. The applicability of the method was proven by analysing 27 authentic samples with MOSH and MOAH contents in the range of 90-109 g/100 g and 0.02-1.10 g/100 g, respectively. It is important to distinguish this new NMR-approach from the hyphenated liquid chromatography-gas chromatography methodology previously used to characterize MOSH/MOAH amounts in cosmetic products. For mineral hydrocarbon raw materials or pure mineral hydrocarbon-based cosmetic products, NMR delivers higher specificity without any sample preparation besides dilution. Our sample survey shows that previous methods may have overestimated the MOAH amount in mineral oil products and opens new paths to characterize this fraction. Therefore, the developed method can be applied for routine monitoring of consumer products aiming to minimize public health risks.
Realization of the Method of Formation of the System of Public Procurement Planning under Limited Production Capacity of the Supplier
Authors: Логвинов  , Logvinov S. , Логвинов  , Logvinov S.
Published: May 2017

The article considers the implementation methods of optimal planning of public procurement from a single supplier. The capabilities of the enterprise by the maximum use of production capacity, for a given level of profitability are taken into account. The company is formed based on a compromise criterion that takes into account the interests of the customer and by order. The final decision is made with consideration of a set of criteria game theory.
Psychology of Russian and international business
Authors: Руднев  , Rudnev Rudnev
Published: May 2017

Leadership, life way, ethics, power, personal development, the efficiency of organization
Node, Edge, Arc Routing and Turn Penalties: Multiple Problems—One Neighborhood Extension
Authors: Vidal Thibaut
Published: May 2017

This article explores a structural neighborhood decomposition for arc routing problems, in which the decisions about traversal orientations during services are made optimally as part of neighbor evaluation procedures. Using memory structures, bidirectional dynamic programming, and lower bounds, we show that a large neighborhood involving classical moves on the sequences of services along with optimal orientation decisions can be searched in amortized O(1) time per move evaluation instead of O(n) as in previous works. Because of its generality and now-reduced complexity, this approach can be efficiently applied to several variants of arc routing problems, extended into large neighborhoods such as ejection chains, and integrated into two classical metaheuristics. Our computational experiments lead to solutions of high quality on the main benchmark sets for the capacitated arc routing problem (CARP), the mixed capacitated general routing problem (MCGRP), the periodic CARP, the multidepot CARP, and the min-max k-vehicles windy rural postman problem, with a total of 1,528 instances. We also report sensitivity analyses for new MCGRP instances with turn penalties, which are uncommonly challenging yet critical for many practical applications.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1595
A non-confrontational approach to behaviour
Authors: Lee-Potter Emma
Published: May 2017

The outstanding Gilbrook School caters for pupils with social, emotional and mental health difficulties. Among its many strategies is a non-confrontational approach to behaviour management with minimal sanctions. Emma Lee-Potter paid a visit to find out more
One-to-one time
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: May 2017

Extend children's thinking by making the most of one-to-one story sessions. Claire Hewson suggests strategies to help children of all ages to engage with the story itself and the adult who is reading it.
MACHADIANAS
Authors: Pereira Elvya Shirley Ribeiro
Published: May 2017

Buscarei, no espaço deste ensaio, situar-me como leitora de dois críticos-biógrafos de Machado de Assis: Lucia Miguel Pereira (Machado de Assis: estudo crítico e biográfico) Augusto Meyer (Machado de Assis: 1935-1958). Não será, portanto, uma Leitura integral dos autores sobre a obra e da vida machadianas. Interessa-me colher, nesses enfoques de Augusto Meyer e Lucia Miguel, situações e indicativos do modo como se relacionam com seu objeto de estudo, não que destaco o sentimento de admiração que Nutre tal relacionamento, marcado que é por um esforço de leitura crítico, mas que se deixa perpassar por olhares de subjetividade que se cruzam com o meu interessado olhar.
MELANCOLIA E HUMANISMO: UMA LEITURA DO CONTO "A VELHA"
Authors: Sant'Ana José Carlos
Published: May 2017

Faz-se uma leitura do conta A Velha ressaltando a força do autor em mostrar a melacolia e o humanismo através do comportamento dos personagens.
Reducing severe spasticity in cerebral palsy following meningoencephalitis by botulinum toxin
Authors: Gunawan Prastiya I. , Saharso Darto
Published: May 2017

A 3-year-old boy diagnosed with diplegic cerebral palsy had received Botulinum toxin injection to reduce severe spasticity. There was an improvement of muscles tone and motor function including better ability of limb flexion of the knees and hip, adduction of the hip, flexion of the toes, and plantar flexion of the foot. No side effect was observed after the procedure.
The accuracy of Aziza’s scoring system in limited slice non-enhanced thoracic CT for the diagnosis of adult pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Icksan Aziza , Faisal Arif , Syahruddin Elisna
Published: May 2017

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. Thus, a fast and accurate method in diagnosing pulmonary TB (PTB) is needed, especially in adult smear-negative-TB cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of a novel scoring system (Aziza’s score) using clinical data and characteristic abnormalities that are found in the limited slice non-enhanced thoracic CT.Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. A limited slice non-enhanced thoracic CT was performed to establish a diagnosis of PTB in patients with suspected PTB and to assess the diagnostic value of the scoring system. A reference standard used in this study was the clinical expertise of two pulmonologists. The scoring system was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.Results: 84 of 130 suspected PTB patients were diagnosed as PTB. They were diagnosed based on pulmonary characteristic abnormalities that were found in the limited slice non-enhanced thoracic CT. The scoring system was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The total scores which were equal to or more than 29 could diagnose PTB with the accuracy of 96.1% (95% CIs=91.3–98.3), sensitivity of 96.5% (95% CIs=90.1–98.8), and specificity of 95.6% (95% CIs=90.1–98.8), This novel scoring method was name as an Aziza’s scoring system.Conclusion: Aziza’s scoring system performed in the limited slice non-enhanced thoracic CT has a higher accuracy compared to the reference standard for the diagnosis of adult PTB.
High frequency of NAT2 slow acetylator alleles in the Malay population of Indonesia: an awareness to the anti-tuberculosis drug induced liver injury and cancer
Authors: Susilowati Retno W. , Prayuni Kinasih , Razari Intan , Bahri Syukrini , Yuliwulandari Rika
Published: May 2017

Background: Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) polymorphism was previously reported to have association with the risk of drug toxicities and the development of various diseases. Previous research on the Indonesian population, especially Javanese and Sundanese, showed that there were 33% NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype. The aim of this study was to map the NAT2 variation in the Malay ethnic to gain a deeper insight into NAT2 haplotypic composition in this ethnic.Methods: 50 healthy samples from the Indonesian Malay ethnic were obtained. They were interviewed about their ethnic backgrounds for the last three generations. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and NAT2 genotyping was done using the PCR direct Sequencing. Data were compiled according to the genotype and allele frequencies estimated from the observed numbers of each specific allele. Haplotype reconstruction was performed using PHASE v2.1.1 software.Results: We found 7 haplotypes consisting of 6 SNPs and 14 NAT2 genotype variations in Indonesian Malay population. The most frequent allele was NAT2*6A (38%) which was classified as a slow acetylator allele. According to bimodal distribution, the predicted phenotype of the Malay population was composed of 62% rapid acetylator and 38% slow acetylator. According to trimodal distribution, the predicted phenotypes for rapid, intermediate and slow acetylators were 10%, 52% and 38% respectively.Conclusion: Our result indicates the presence of the allelic distribution and revealed the most frequent acetylator status and phenotype for the Indonesian Malay population. The result of this study will be helpful for future epidemiological or clinical studies and for understanding the genetic basis of acetylation polymorphism in Indonesia.
TMEPAI genome editing in triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Wardhani Bantari W.K. , Puteri Meidi U. , Watanabe Yukihide , Louisa Melva , Setiabudy Rianto , Kato Mitsuyasu
Published: May 2017

Background: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is a powerful genome editing technique. It consists of RNA-guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 and single guide RNA (gRNA). By combining their expressions, high efficiency cleavage of the target gene can be achieved, leading to the formation of DNA double-strand break (DSB) at the genomic locus of interest which will be repaired via NHEJ (non-homologous end joining) or HDR (homology-directed repair) and mediate DNA alteration. We aimed to apply the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to knock-out the transmembrane prostate androgen-induced protein (TMEPAI) gene in the triple negative breast cancer cell line.Methods: Designed gRNA which targets the TMEPAI gene was synthesized, annealed, and cloned into gRNA expression vector. It was co-transfected into the TNBC cell line using polyethylenimine (PEI) together with Cas9-GFP and puromycin resistant gene vector. At 24-hours post-transfection, cells were selected by puromycin for 3 days before they were cloned. Selected knock-out clones were subsequently checked on their protein levels by western blotting.Results: CRISPR/Cas9, a genome engineering technique successfully knocked-out TMEPAI in the Hs578T TNBC cell line. Sequencing shows a frameshift mutation in TMEPAI. Western blot shows the absence of TMEPAI band on Hs578T KO cells.Conclusion: TMEPAI gene was deleted in the TNBC cell line using the genomic editing technique CRISPR/Cas9. The deletion was confirmed by genome and protein analysis.
Indonesia national health policy in the transition of disease burden and health insurance coverage
Authors: Moeloek Nila F.
Published: May 2017

[no abstract available]
Does sanctioning disabled claimants of unemployment insurance increase labour market inactivity? An analysis of 346 British local authorities between 2009 and 2014
Authors: Reeves Aaron
Published: May 2017

Imposing financial penalties on claimants of unemployment insurance may incentivise labour market re-entry. However, sanctions may have differential effects depending on the work-readiness of the claimants. Here, I explore whether sanctioning disabled claimants is associated with greater labour market activity or inactivity among disabled people data on 346 British local authorities between 2009 and 2014. When the number of sanctioned disabled claimants rises (as a proportion of all claimants), the disability rate among economically inactive people becomes larger. There is no clear relationship between sanctioning disabled claimants and the employed disability rate.
A TEORIA DO CAPITAL HUMANO E A CONCEPÇÃO PRODUTIVISTA NA EDUCAÇÃO BRASILEIRA: EAD EM FOCO
Authors: Pimentel Fernanda Cruvinel , Moraes Raquel De Almeida
Published: May 2017

Este texto destina-se a discutir a temática da educação a distância associada à teoria do capital humano. Tem como objeto de análise teórica o contexto econômico neoliberal, a reestruturação produtiva e a relação educação e desenvolvimento que tem como pano de fundo a teoria do capital humano. Os resultados desta análise sugerem a hipótese que não seria possível discutir as atuais políticas voltadas para a educação a distância fora do contexto neoliberal e da teoria do capital humano. E ambos adotam nessa sociedade um sistema intencionalmente desigual, individualista, competitivo, somado a uma concepção economicista de educação que seja apenas capaz de alimentar o processo de acumulação do capital pelas elites. Se se quiserem transformações educacionais qualitativas, é necessário romper com a lógica do capital, modificando radicalmente as relações de poder e do sistema de produção.
O PIBID E A CONSTITUIÇÃO DO SER PROFESSOR: SABERES NECESSÁRIOS PARA A PROFISSÃO DOCENTE
Authors: Brostolin Marta Regina , Da Costa de Oliveira Evelyn Aline
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado sobre o Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência – Pibid e suas contribuições para a constituição de saberes profissionais necessários para a atuação docente. Seguindo uma abordagem qualitativa com delineamento exploratório e descritivo, a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado e registros de observação, com oito acadêmicos bolsistas participantes do Pibid/Pedagogia em uma escola pública, na cidade de Campo Grande/MS. Os resultados revelam a importância do Programa para a formação inicial e a inserção dos acadêmicos na prática docente para promover a construção dos saberes docentes por meio das parcerias com profissionais mais experientes, do conhecimento sobre a organização institucional e o enfrentamento das dificuldades da docência podendo contar com a colaboração de outras pessoas. Evidenciam também que as experiências permitidas pelo Pibid foram essenciais para a decisão de continuarem na docência.