bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uptake and Completion of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination by Adolescent Girls Attending Primary Healthcare Facilities in Soroti City, Northeastern Uganda; A CrossSectional Study
Authors: Nagudi Lydia Dora , Kateregga James , Munguiko Clement , Namujju Josephine ,   Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Soroti University, Soroti City, Uganda, Akurut Hellen ,   Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Soroti University, Soroti City, Uganda, Esabu Moses ,   Directorate of Programs and Planning, AIDS Information Center, Soroti Regional Project, Soroti City, Uganda
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Uganda adopted and implemented Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination since 2015 for adolescent girls aged
9-13 years for primary prevention of cervical cancer. However, the vaccine uptake and dose completion have remained relatively
low national wide. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the uptake and dose completion of HPV vaccination and associated
factors in Soroti city, Northeastern Uganda.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study that employed quantitative methods of data collection and analysis. A sample
of 287 adolescent girls aged 10-19 years were selected consecutively from four health centers in Soroti City between March
and April 2024. Data was analyzed using Stata statistical software, version 15.0. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed
to determine the level of HPV vaccine uptake and dose completion. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed using
modified Poisson regression with robust error estimates to determine association between independent factors and uptake and
dose completion. Results were reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and factors whose P-Values were less than 0.05 were
considered statistically significant.
Results: Of the 287 adolescent girls, their mean age was 14 years (SD=2.9). Most of the participants were in school, 231(80.5%).
Majority, 79 % (n=228) had never heard about HPV Vaccination. HPV Vaccination uptake among the study participants was
suboptimal as only 58.8% (n=166) had received at least one dose whereas only 30% (n=86) had completed the two doses of the
vaccine. The factors that were significantly associated with vaccination uptake were school enrollment status (P=0.022), religion
(P=0.010), and awareness about HPV vaccine (P<0.001), while factors that were significantly associated with completion of HPV
vaccination were: School enrollment status (P=0.046) and awareness about HPV vaccine (P=0.007).
Conclusion: The uptake and completion of HPV vaccination in Soroti was suboptimal compared to WHO target of 90%. School
enrollment status and awareness about HPV vaccine were factors significantly associated with HPV uptake and dose completion.
Strengthening the school-based HPV vaccination program and creating awareness about HPV vaccination, in schools, at the
health facilities and in the community may significantly improve the HPV vaccination and dose completion in the region.
'ARIGATOU' PHRASE IN JAPANESE DAILY LIFE
Authors: Izmayanti Dewi Kania , Gultom Zuraidah Sri Handayani , Rosa Dibya Prayassita Somya
Published: February 2025

In daily social life, humans cannot be separated with interaction with nature, and it includes giving and receiving. In Japanese society, a gift is always depicted as On or debt which must be repaid in later time. One way to pay On  is through the phrase arigatou.  This research objective is to describe Arigatou phrase based on the meaning and forms of expression inside Japanese society daily life. Methods used in this research is Descriptive Methods which utilizes symbolic interaction theory to analyze the data. Result found is that arigatou was originally addressed to God and gradually used in daily life. From meaning perspective arigatou described as gratitude and social harmony keeper and was addressed to the Emperor as expression of loyalty towards the country with full consent on abiding the law. Meanwhile the phrase arigatou in family is meant to express obedience towards every decision made by the family to maintain honor within said family. Arigatou phrase towards nature is to include them in every element of life. Found conclusion is that Arigatou phrase included Up-Down essence, which means the relation between Kami (God) (Up) and Humans (Down), described arigatou in both form of phrase and meaning.
CONTRASTIVITY OF 'MO' AS AN AFFIRMATION PARTICLE IN JAPANESE AND 'JUGA' AS ADVERB IN INDONESIAN
Authors: Novitasari Raden
Published: February 2025

The difference between Japanese and Indonesian is quite diverse, one of which is about 'mo' and 'juga‘. 'Mo' includes affirmation particles in Japanese and 'juga‘ includes adverbs in Indonesian. This study aims to compare the two linguistic elements by looking for similarities and differences. The Japanese theory used is the theory of the structure and meaning of the affirmation particle 'mo', while the Indonesian theory used is the theory of structure and the meaning of adverbs 'juga'. The results obtained from this study are 'mo' and 'juga' used in the form of equalization adding an element into other similar elements, can be attached to the class of nouns, noun phrases, verbs, and adjectives. The difference is that 'mo' is after the element it adds, while 'juga' is more flexible in position can be before or after the element it adds.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE N5-N4 ACCELERATION INTENSIVE CLASS LEARNING METHOD AT OHM STUDI JEPANG
Authors: Rahardjo Hardianto , Kurniawati Mira
Published: February 2025

The increasing interest in working or continuing to studi in Japan requires Japanese language skills at least JLPT N4. Thus the authors are interested in examining whether intensive study for 3 months is effective enough to achieve JLPT N4. PT OHM Studi Jepang is a consulting and document management service company for work and school in Japan, by facilitating intensive classes to help participants pass JLPT N4. This study descusses the effectiveness of the learning method applied in accelerated intensive class N5-N4 to 18 students who are the subject of research by the author. The data obtained is the value of several test and the results of interviews with respondents which were processed using quantitative descriptive methods to produce two conclusions which are, how effective is the learning method in the N5-N4 OHM accelerated intensive class, and what needs to be addressed to increase the effectiveness of learning in the accelerated intensive class N5-N4 OHM. This research and the results will hopefully be useful to broaden the readers knowledge about effective Japanese teaching methods
Different Personality Nuances Caused By Translation Differences (Semantic Analysis of Fictional Characters Personality Differences Caused By Japanese and English Dialogue Translation in Genshin Impact)
Authors: Rahardjo Hardianto
Published: February 2025

Genshin Impact is a video game developed by miHoYo, a Shanghai based video game developer and animation studio. Launched globally as an online Action Role Playing Game at September 28th    2020, Genshin Impact, or just Genshin in Japanese, came with voiceover dialogues in its cinematic dubbed in 4 different language, which is Chinese, English, Korean and Japanese. Genshin‘s user interface and dialogue subtitles also came translated into many other languages including simplified Chinese, traditional Chinese, English, French, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Thai and Vietnamese. Translating the texts and dialogues into multiple languages, albeit still carry the main idea of the story and game concept, occasionally causing different nuances and meanings among different language. For example, the personality and characteristics of the game‘s fictional characters sometimes are being depicted differently in each language. This article is written in with the aim of presenting some examples and analysis concerning those differences in each language translation.
ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES OF 'UCHIAGE HANABI' SONG AND COVERSONG BY ANDI ADINATA
Authors: Rakanti Sean Annisa , Novitasari Raden
Published: February 2025

The aims of this research is to describe the single translation technique and the multiple translation technique applied to the lyrics of the song 'Uchiage Hanabi' covered by Andi Adinata's song into Indonesian. In this research, the data are taken from video of Andi Adinata. The theories of translation technique used is the theory of Molina and Albir . The method used a descriptive qualitative method which consists of three stages, namely, the data collection stage, the data analysis and the presentation of the data analysis results. The data collection methods and techniques used are the listening method and the note-taking technique. Data analysis methods and techniques used are intralingua matching methods and determining element sorting techniques. The method used in presenting the results of data analysis is an informal presentation method. The results of this study indicate that there are 5 types of single translation techniques, namely 1 data literal translation technique,  2 data of modulation translation techniques, word to word  is 5 data translation techniques, common equivalent translation techniques 2 data and 2 data amplification translation techniques, and the types of multiple translation techniques, namely amplification translation techniques with 4 data literals, amplification translation techniques with 1 data modulation, modulation translation techniques with 3 literals data and modulation translation techniques with the usual equivalent 2 data.
ANALYSIS CODE-SWITCHING AND CODE-MIXING ON JEROME POLIN’S VIDEOS ON NIHONGO MANTAPPU’S YOUTUBE CHANNEL (SOCIOLINGUISTICS)
Authors: Hanani Nurul Zati , Novitasari Raden
Published: February 2025

The tittle of this research is "Analisis Alih Kode dan Campur Kode Pada Video Jerome Polin di Saluran Youtube Nihongo Mantappu (Kajian Sosiolinguistik)”. The purpose of this reasearch is to identify the types of code-switching and code-mixing used by Jerome Polin's video on Nihongo Mantappu's youtube channel. In this study, researcher implemented three videos of Jerome Polin on Nihongo Mantappu’s youtube channel as researched data. The code-switching theory used by Hoffman's theory and the code-mixing theory used by Muysken's theory. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative with method consisting of three stages; the data collection stage, the data analysis stage and the presentation stage of data analysis results. The methods and techniques of data collection used in this research were listening to video downloaded from youtube. Researcher listened to the video repeatedly until found the code-switching and code-mixing in the conversation, then wrote in a notebook. The methods and techniques of data analysis used were intralingual method and determining element sorting technique. The method used in the presentation of data analysis results was an informal method. The results of this research showed that there were three types of code-switching; inter-centential (8 data), intra-centential (28 data) and emblematic / tag switching (6 data). And three types of code-mixing; insertion (17 data), alternation (5 data) and congruent lexicalization (10 data).
ANALISIS PERIBAHASA JEPANG YANG MENGANDUNG KATA “MULUT” (KAJIAN SEMANTIK)
Authors: Afrizal Muhammad Nasa
Published: February 2025

Language is a communication media in maintaining interpersonal communication, the language used in the form of expression or advice what the so-called proverbs. In Japanese, proverbs are called Kotowaza which means the string of words or short expressions containing sarcasm, satire, indirect expression, advice, warning, and so on which are used in the past time. The purposes of this research are to describe the meaning of the Japanese proverbs and the meaning of Indonesian proverbs. The method used is descriptive qualitative method, and the data collection is conducted by using observation technique with uninvolved conversation, while the note-taking technique is used to write down the data. Twenty Japanese proverbs are analyzed, and based on the data analysis, it is obtained that there are 3 data of Japanese proverbs containing the same meaning and words, while 17 data of Japanese proverbs containing different words but the same meaning as the meaning of Indonesian proverbs.
PERBANDINGAN SIKAP PENUMPANG KERETA DI JEPANG DAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Muhlisian Asep Achmad , Muhamad Agis Rizki , Intan Dwi Dahidi Putri Intan
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
This research examines the comparative attitudes of train passengers in Japan and Indonesia. The aim of this research is to compare the attitudes of passengers in Japan and Indonesia, whether there are differences and similarities between the two countries or not. The research method used is a qualitative method. Data sources taken from observations and literature studies. The research results show that the attitude of train users in Indonesia has improved rapidly, almost the same as in Japan. Even though there are still attitudes that are considered unfavorable, they do not appear dominant. The increase in positive attitudes of passengers cannot be separated from the active role of security officers who always patrol the train and cleaners who always clean the inside of the train even though the train is running and full of passengers so that passengers on the train are comfortable on the train. Meanwhile, the factors that influence the negative attitudes of passengers are the lack of literacy of train passengers, commonplace factors, no one to reprimand them, forgetfulness, and not caring or ignoring the rules.
Keywords: Attitude, Passengers, Train
Assessment of Skin Carotenoids among School Children
Authors: Thapa Raba , Ruit Sanduk , Bernstein Paul S
Published: February 2025

Background: This study aimed to assess skin carotenoid measurement among children in the Hill region of Nepal. Methods: School children between 3 to 7 years old from six schools were enrolled in the study. Skin carotenoid levels were assessed using the Veggie Meter® (Longevity Link Corporation, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA). Detailed eye evaluations were conducted in subjects with low skin carotenoid scores (<150 Reflectance Units(RU)) and/or those with a history of night blindness. Results: A total of 324 school children were enrolled in the study with mean age of 5.12±1.33 years. The mean skin carotenoid score was 163±71 RU, ranging from 1 to 363 RU. The skin carotenoid level was <150 RU in 46.9% of children and between 150 and 200 RU in 23.5% of children. Low skin carotenoid scores (<150 RU) were found in 17% of 3 year olds, 28.3% each of 4 and 5 year olds, 20.4% of 6 year olds, and 11.2% of 7 year olds. In multivariate analysis, age was significantly associated with low skin carotenoid scores (p=0.003; OR; 2.02; 95% CI: 1.28- 3.19). Odds of having <150 RU was 2.02 times more among the children up to five years old as compared to those over five years of age. Conclusions: Nearly half of the school children had low skin carotenoid scores. Skin carotenoid score was significantly lower among the lower age group. These findings emphasize the need to enhance awareness to consume plenty of green leafy vegetables and fruits in the diet. Keywords: Children; Nepal; skin carotenoid; veggie meter; vitamin A.
Multidrug-Resistance and Biofilm Formation among Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Clinical Specimens
Authors: Yadav Poonam , Shyam Kumar Mishra  , Shrestha Sreska , Sah Ranjit , Rai Junu Richhinbung , Kattel Hari Prasad , Sharma Sangita , Willcox Mark
Published: February 2025

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a problematic pathogen due to its ability to become resistant to antibiotics and form biofilms. The aim of this study was to explore antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation, and examine any correlation between these in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the 750-bed Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital in Nepal. Identification and antibiotic sensitivity of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were performed following American Society for Microbiology guidelines. Different β-lactamases were detected by standard phenotypic tests. The microtiter plate method was used to screen strains of their ability to form biofilms. Results: Out of total 18,343 clinical samples processed, 4,249 (23.1%) showed bacterial growth. A. baumannii comprised of 4.7% of the total bacterial growth. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) was exhibited by 97.5% of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. All multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were resistant to cephalosporins and carbapenems; however, they were sensitive to polymyxins. Only few isolates showed sensitivity to sulbactam-containing antibiotics (15.4-29.2%), fluoroquinolones (1.0-7.2%), aminoglycosides (2.6-5.6%), and cotrimoxazole (4.1%). Extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL), metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL), Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) and AmpC production were found in 54.9%, 73.3%, 41.5% and 14.9% isolates, respectively. Among all tested isolates, 192 were able to produce biofilms, with 83.1% being classified as strong biofilm producers. Those strains that were resistant to gentamicin were more likely to produce biofilms (P<0.05). ESBL, MBL, KPC and AmpC were seen in 51.8%, 71.6%, 43.8% and 16.0% of strong biofilm producers respectively. Conclusions:  Only polymyxins were effective against Acinetobacter baumannii. Carbapenemase producers were generally strong biofilm producers, and gentamicin resistant strains were more likely to produce biofilms. The findings of this study may help to understand antibiotic-resistance mechanisms and provide valuable information in the treatment of MDR Acinetobacter baumannii infections.Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, biofilm, carbapenemase; multidrug-resistant.
Social Anxiety and its Associated Factors among Secondary School Adolescents of Kathmandu Metropolitan, Nepal
Authors: Tamang Dichhen , Bhandari Tulsi Ram
Published: February 2025

Background: Social anxiety is an intense anxiety or fear of being judged, negatively evaluated, or rejected in a social situation. It often develops in early adolescence, which eventually grows up to adulthood, mostly without being diagnosed. This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with social anxiety in secondary school adolescents.Methods: School-based cross-sectional study design was performed among secondary school adolescents of 10 schools in Kathmandu Metropolitan, Nepal. A total of 360 samples were obtained through multi-stage random sampling using the lottery method. A self-administered questionnaire was used as a data collection tool which included the Liebowitz social anxiety scale for children and adolescents. Data entry and analysis were done by using Epi Data and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. Results: The prevalence of social anxiety was 39.7% which was higher in females. The study found that 33.3% of the participants were in the high-risk category. A strong association (p<.001) was seen between self-perception and social anxiety. Similarly, a significant relationship (p<.001) was found with social experience-related variables, which included: the experience of traumatic situations, and being discriminated against bullied. Conclusions: A high prevalence of social anxiety among adolescents was seen. One-third of the participants were in the high-risk category, clearly stating that the diagnosed cases only represented the tip of the iceberg. School-based youth-friendly entertainment and engagement interventions considering their emotional and mental health, might be beneficial in dealing with it.Keywords: Adolescents; peer victimization; self-perception; social anxiety
Exploratory Laparotomy for Severe Dowry-related Spousal Violence Injuries in a Young Woman
Authors: Sapkota Arbin Dev , Bhattarai Abhishek , Rimal Sudesha , Shrestha Roshan , Regmi Sadikshya , Atreya Alok
Published: February 2025

This case report highlights the severity of dowry-related intimate partner violence in Terai, Nepal. A 24-year-old married female presented with multiple stab injuries to the abdomen and a cut-throat injury inflicted by her husband under the influence of alcohol due to dissatisfaction with dowry demands. Successful management involved exploratory laparotomy, anterior abdominal wall repair, cholecystectomy, and neck injury repair. However, on the third postoperative day, due to persistent pain and feeding difficulties, the patient was referred to a tertiary care center, where a re-exploratory laparotomy revealed missed diaphragmatic injury and bowel herniation requiring further repair. This case underscores the need for high clinical suspicion and early specialist referral in complex trauma scenarios. It also highlights the role of cultural and societal factors in intimate partner violence and the need for a multidimensional approach involving healthcare, legal, and social services.Keywords: Abdominal trauma; dowry; intimate partner violence; Nepal; stab injury
Empowerment of School Adolescents for Prevention of Gender Discrimination and Sexual Harassment: Application of an Integrated Experiential Learning Package
Authors: Thapa Rita , Subedi Raj Kumar , Pun Bindu , Chand Sunita Kumari , Thakur Dip Narayan , Thapaliya Radhika , Karki Sarita , Regmi Gorakh , Pandey Vikrant
Published: February 2025

Background: The prevalence of gender discrimination and sexual harassment/ violence among children is alarmingly high in Nepal. This study aimed to measure aggregate changes in knowledge, attitude, and skills among school adolescents on gender discrimination; sexual harassment, mindfulness of breathing; and self-defense skills, with application of an integrative experiential learning modules. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out among 3661 students from 8-9 grades (1880 intervention and 1781 control) in 52 community schools across the seven provinces. Pre- and post-intervention self-reported surveys were conducted among the intervention and control groups before and after intervention of 24 learning hours. We used a mixed two-way effects model to measure the changes in composite indices between pretest and posttest among both the groups.Results: We found statistically significant increment (P<0.0001) in knowledge, attitude and skills on gender norms, gender discrimination, sexual harassment, self-defense, reporting sexual harassment, legal measures and mindfulness of breathing technique among the intervention group compared to that in the control group. Conclusions: These findings, though measured immediately after the intervention, offer initial evidence that school adolescents could be empowered to prevent the risks of gender discrimination and sexual harassment. Keywords: Empowerment; gender discrimination; school-based intervention; sexual harassment; self-defense.
Self-Care Practices among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Roka Tara , Sherpa Dawa Futi , Basnet Asmita
Published: February 2025

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) requires continuous self-care practices to prevent acute and chronic complications. With the possibility of several physical and psychological complications alongside affecting the social aspect of life, improving self-care is highly important in patients with DM. The aim of this study was to measure self-care practices among patients with DM and factors associated with inadequate self-care.Methods: Information on self-care practices was collected using the summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA) in a hospital based cross-sectional study among 345 participants selected through sequential sampling. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and results were presented with proportions and odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: We found that 30.7% of the participants had adequate self-care practices across all domains. A fairly substantial proportion had adequate self-care in diet and exercise related care with 87.5% and 65.5%, respectively. However, with foot care and blood sugar monitoring related care only a small to negligible proportion had an adequate level of self-care. Multivariate analysis showed that participants aged 65 years and above had higher odds of having inadequate self-care practices (aOR:5.20; 95%CI: 2.20-12.33); and those with diabetes for more than five years had twice the odds (aOR:2.10; 95%CI: 1.15-3.83) of having inadequate self-care.Conclusions: A large proportion of the participants had inadequate self-care practices, and this was even poorer in domains of foot care and blood sugar monitoring. Age of the participants, marital status and duration of illness were factors independently associated with inadequate self-care. Targeted behavior change interventions for patients visiting hospitals and health care centers in Nepal could improve self- care practices among patients with DM. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; hospital; Kathmandu; Nepal; self-care
Health Effects of Intimate Partner Violence and Perception Regarding Minimization Strategies
Authors: Ghimire Sailaja , Ghimire Sushmita , Dahal Khatri Bishal , Neupane Sarala , Agrawal Sagtani Renu , Upadhaya Shambhu Prasad
Published: February 2025

Background: Intimate Partner Violence refers to any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological or sexual harm to those in the relationship. There are very serious health consequences in the health of women due to intimate partner violence. Thus, this study tries to explore the health effects of intimate partner violence and minimization strategies associated with it. Methods: A phenomenological study design was used in the study. Interviews were conducted among eleven study participants. Interviews were done with the survivors of violence, female community health volunteers, health personnel, local leaders, and staff of the municipality working in the Judicial Committee. Interviews were transcribed and translated and thematic analysis was done.Results: Survivors of violence mainly faced three forms of violence (Physical, sexual, and emotional) resulting in various health effects. Complaints like headache, head injury, pain, and sores were physical health effects reported by women whereas complaints like stress and having suicidal thoughts were the mental health effects. Family taboos, poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, social norms, and tradition were found to be the factors associated with intimate partner violence while the minimization strategies included proper communication, mutual understanding among partners, and awareness about social and legal rights.Conclusions: Effective communication and mutual understanding between husband and wife is key in reducing these health effects. In addition, in community level women empowerment is crucial for mitigating IPV.Keywords: Intimate partner violence; mental health; mitigation strategies; physical health.
Effectiveness of Structured Counseling Program for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Essential Hypertension
Authors: Shrestha Anmol Purna , Shrestha Abha , Shrestha Roshana , Karmacharya Robin Man , Thakur Chanda , Shrestha Rashmi , Vaidya Nirish , Karmacharya Biraj Man
Published: February 2025

Background: The burden of hypertension is high in our context. Poor adherence contributes to poor hypertension control. This pilot study aims to study the effect of structured counseling programs on antihypertensive therapy adherence and blood pressure control.Methods: This is an effectiveness-implementation hybrid design type I- Quasi-experimental feasibility study. We recruited newly diagnosed hypertensive patients under antihypertensives with 50 each in the intervention and control group. We adapted existing guidelines to devise a structured counseling program. The intervention group underwent the counseling program. We called both groups after one month to assess the adherence and blood pressure control.Results: We recruited 100 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Twenty-two participants dropped out in the one-month follow-up visit. Among the remaining 78 individuals, 73 (94%) demonstrated good adherence. The post-intervention median (IQR) of medication adherence scores assessed with the Medication Adherence and Report Scale (MARS) in the intervention and control groups after one month was 50 (48-50) and 48 (43.5-50) respectively (p=0.015). The immediate knowledge score increased significantly in the intervention group after the structured counseling. Nevertheless, there was no significant change in systolic and diastolic pressure recordings in the intervention group one-month post-intervention when compared to that of the control group.Conclusions: The findings of this pilot study suggest that the structured counseling program should be tailored to local needs and should be compounded with regular follow-ups for reinforcement, drug reminders, and family and peer support along with a collaborative effort to ensure adherence and control.Keywords: Adherence; antihypertensive; hypertension management; structured counseling.
Pattern of Blood Products Consumption in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Lava , Gurung Numaya , Mahotra Narayan Bahadur , Pradhan Sait , Ghmire Ananda , Pokhrel Kailash Mani , Khanal Kapil , Dhungana Reechashree , Gautam Naveen , Kandel Sabita , Chaudhary Sonam
Published: February 2025

Background: Blood transfusions are lifesaving, but resource limitations and inadequate utilization patterns pose challenges in low- and middle-income countries. In Nepal, detailed analyses of blood use practices, are needed to inform resource allocation and policy decisions. The objective of this study was to study the overall and component-specific use, explore temporal trends in utilization of blood and blood products. Methods: We conducted an observational study analyzing data from Blood Bank of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), a tertiary hospital (January 1st - December 31st, 2019). Data included patient demographics, blood groups, blood products requested and transfused, and facility type. Data analysis was conducted with SPSS v20.Results: Patients from TUTH had substantially higher blood product requests, requesting 25,716 units compared to only 1855 units across other centers combined. Blood groups A positive (8089, 31.4%) and and O positive (7851, 30.6%) were the most requested blood groups. Whole blood (11358, 44.2%) and packed red blood cells (9565, 37.2%) were most frequently requested. We observed monthly fluctuations in demand with peak of 2742 requests in December with a trough in June (1947 units). Notably, only approximately 46% of blood products requested from patients admitted to TUTH were ultimately transfused. Conclusions: Whole blood and packed red blood cells were the most frequently requested blood products. Eventhough whole blood was the most frequently requested blood product, the most transfused one was packed red cells. Peak demand was observed in December. Our study provides valuable insights into blood utilization patterns, underscoring the need for specific strategies to improve blood transfusion management practices. Keywords: Blood banking; blood transfusion; blood utilization; LMICs. Nepal.
Antibacterial Compounds of Actinomycetes Isolated From Altitude Soils
Authors: Aryal Sagar , Adhikari Rameshwar , Regmi Balmukunda , Joshi Dev Raj
Published: February 2025

Background: Bacterial infection is a global threat due to antibiotic resistance. This demands the urgent need for novel antibiotics, and soil actinomycetes could be the potential candidate. The key objective of our study was to detect antibacterial compounds from selected actinomycetes species isolated from high-altitude soil samples. Methods: Three strains Streptomyces sp. 12923, Streptomyces sp. 13102, and Nocardia sp. 13105 were subjected to fermentation using International Streptomyces Project (ISP) 2 medium. Crude extracts of each isolate were recovered by Rotary evaporator. Crude extracts were fractionated in HPLC and fractions were collected in a 96-well plate to evaluate the antibacterial activity of each of the 19 fractions against a test organism E. coli BW25113. Crude extracts of three strains were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS for antibacterial compounds. The LC-MS/MS data were processed using Metabo Scape software and features were annotated using different libraries in the software. Results: For Streptomyces sp. 12923, fractions of the crude extract with the lowest OD600 0.472, 0.484 showed higher antibacterial activity against E. coli BW25113T, while the inhibitory action against same test organism was shown better by fractions OD600 0.250, 0.329, and OD600 0.273, 0.326 for Streptomyces sp. 13102 and Nocardia sp. 13105, respectively. The antibacterial compounds detected included Mayamycin and Mayamycin B from Streptomyces sp. 12923, Nocardamine and Streptazone D from Streptomyces sp. 13102, and Nocardimicin B, 4-O-methylmelleolide, Spathullin B and Nannozinone B from Nocardia sp. 13105.Conclusions: The identification of these compounds from high-altitude actinomycetes further strengthens the claim that actinomycetes are rich sources of bioactive compounds.Keywords: Actinomycetes; antibacterial; metabolites; Nocardia; Streptomyces.
Equity and Justice: An Agenda of Ethics in Health Research
Authors: Onta Sharad
Published: February 2025

N/A
Koulun keskimääräisen osaamistason merkitys peruskoulun matematiikan päättöarvosanan vertailukelpoisuuteen
Authors: Luhtajärvi Heidi , Betanzos Maria , Vainikainen Mari-Pauliina
Published: February 2025

Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan peruskoulun matematiikan päättöarvosanojen vertailukelpoisuutta tutkimalla matematiikan osaamisen ja päättöarvosanojen vaihtelua koulutasolla, osaamisen ja päättöarvosanojen vastaavuutta sekä päättöarvosanan vaihteluun vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Tutkimuksen keskiössä on koulun keskimääräisen osaamistason heijastuminen päättöarvosanaan, ja tätä tarkastellaan myös koulumenestykseltään eritasoisten oppilaiden ryhmissä. Aineistona hyödynnetään valtakunnallista oppimaan oppimisen arviointia keväältä 2017 sekä siihen yhdistettyjä yhteishakurekisteritietoja päättöarvosanoista keväältä 2017 (N=7947 oppilasta 85 koulusta). Aineisto analysoitiin kaksitasoisella hierarkkisella lineaarisella regressioanalyysillä, varianssikomponenttianalyysillä sekä kaksitasoisella korrelaatioanalyysillä. Koulun keskimääräinen osaamistaso vaikutti arvosanaan negatiivisesti siten, että korkeamman osaamistason koulussa oli hieman tiukempi linja päättöarvosanojen antamisen suhteen, ja tämä vaikutus korostui erityisesti koulumenestykseltään keskitasoisten oppilaiden ryhmässä. Tutkimus todistaa jo aiemmin havaitun ilmiön, että päättöarvioinnin vertailukelpoisuudessa on epäkohtia eivätkä päättö arvosanat toimi osaamisen validina mittarina. Jatkossa olisi edelleenkin tärkeä kehittää arvioinnin yhdenvertaisuutta tarkastelemalla uudistettujen arviointikriteerien toimivuutta,  jotta etenemme kohti koulutuksellista tasa-arvoa.
Educación Familiar un reto en la Escuela Pedagógica “Manuel Ascunce Domenech”
Authors: Miranda Vizcaino Adelidis
Published: February 2025

O tratamento da família na educação dos alunos constitui um tema onde se revela a relação: família, escola e comunidade para consolidar o desenvolvimento cognitivo do aluno a partir de uma visão integradora. Um programa Escolas de Educação Familiar é proposto como objetivo contribuir para. o desenvolvimento cognitivo dos alunos matriculados na Escola Pedagógica “Manuel Ascunce Domnech”[1] como futuros profissionais da educação. Através da pesquisa, serão utilizados métodos teóricos, empíricos e estatísticos para determinar os pontos fortes e fracos das famílias para a educação no desenvolvimento cognitivo. A proposta desenvolvida permitiu demonstrar a partir dos indicadores avaliados que na família existe um processo de internalização e identificação no que diz respeito às ações que a família deve realizar no desenvolvimento cognitivo e atitudinal de seus filhos. A aplicação do programa Escolas de Educação Familiar oferece orientação e permite que os pais recebam conselhos para estimular a memória, a imaginação, a criatividade e o pensamento para contribuir para a elevação da qualidade do ensino nesta instituição.
 
[1] Escola Pedagógica é um centro de formação de professores para nível médio e educação infantil de diferentes especialidades. Há uma escola em cada província do pais e se vincula a teoria com a prática e componente de trabalho, prática sistemática nas instituições educativas do território.
Psicomotricidade e Educação Infantil
Authors: Dos Santos Assis Gonçalves Sabrina Victória , Fernandes Pereira Marcelo , Ribeiro de Oliveira Adílson
Published: February 2025

Neste trabalho propõe-se uma análise sobre a percepção de professoras pré-escolares a respeito de psicomotricidade na Educação Infantil. Para o alcance desse objetivo foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com professoras pré-escolares de uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais, com o intuito de compreender o seu conhecimento sobre o tema, quais as técnicas de desenvolvimento psicomotor infantil são utilizadas dentro da sala de aula e como elas têm relacionado tal temática na/com a Educação Infantil. Buscando atingir essa meta, o procedimento metodológico adotado foi a pesquisa básica com coleta de dados numa abordagem qualitativa, com objetivos exploratórios por meio da análise de conteúdo, bem como o levantamento bibliográfico das principais obras sobre a temática. Foi possível concluir, dentre outros aspectos, que as professoras percebem a existência de uma grande relação entre a psicomotricidade e a Educação Infantil, no entanto não conseguem explicitar de que modo isso ocorre
ANALYSIS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR, COMPETENCE, AND MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN PROPERTY COMPANIES IN BATAM CITY
Authors: Wasiman Wasiman , Wangdra Yvonne , Effendi Syahril
Published: February 2025

This research aims to explore the impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), competence, and motivation on the performance of employees in property companies in Batam City. It also seeks to measure the extent of the influence of these variables through regression analysis, as well as the outcomes of t-tests and f-tests. The study originated from a survey that highlighted various complaints regarding OCB, competence, and motivation within these companies, prompting the researchers to investigate the issue further. The methodology involved conducting a survey and distributing questionnaires to 10 property companies in Batam City, deemed representative for the study. A total of 125 respondents were sampled, and several tests were conducted, including validity, reliability, regression, normality, t-test, and f-test. The validity test results indicated that all variables and statements were valid, while the reliability test confirmed the reliability of all statements. The analysis concluded that OCB, competence, and motivation significantly affect employee performance. Both the t-test and f-test results also demonstrated a significant impact on employee performance. The R-squared test results revealed that 81% of the variance in employee performance could be explained by the independent variables.
Advancements in extracellular vesicles biomanufacturing: a comprehensive overview of large-scale production and clinical research
Authors: Li Ziqian , Yan Junyu , Li Xiang , Chen Hui , Lin Chen , Zhang Yuhang , Gao Tian , Zhang Yabo , Shu Yue , Pan Shuyuan , Zhang Yuntao
Published: February 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted by cells into the extracellular space, have attracted considerable attention in the field of biosciences for their role in intercellular communication in various physiological and pathological processes. Their ubiquitous presence in bodily fluids and cell-specific characteristics make them promising candidates as biomarkers. Additionally, their ability to transport biological therapeutics across different biological barriers to specific target cells underscores their significant translational potential for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Significant progress has been achieved in the translation of EVs research to clinical applications, however, challenges persist in the large-scale production of EVs, particularly in the areas of scalable manufacturing, efficient isolation methods, drug loading techniques, and advanced characterization technology. This review critically examines the complex processes involved in EVs biogenesis and explores recent developments in large-scale EVs production. By synthesizing knowledge from these fields, this review aims to provide a holistic perspective on the evolving landscape of EVs research and its applications, underscoring both the accomplishments and the obstacles that lie ahead in fully realizing the potential of EVs in biomedicine.
Cell-free regenerative medicine: identifying the best source of mesenchymal stem cells for skin therapy in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Napolitano Filomena , Giudice Valentina , D’Esposito Vittoria , Prevete Nella , Scala Pasqualina , de Paulis Amato , Selleri Carmine , Formisano Pietro , Rossi Francesca Wanda , Montuori Nunzia
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a rare chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs and vasculopathy. Raynaud’s phenomenon is typically the earliest clinical manifestation accompanied by skin inflammation, finger ulcers, and organ manifestations, including pulmonary fibrosis. There is an urgent need for the development of effective targeted therapeutic intervention for SSc patients. A greater focus has been placed on bioactive factors secreted by Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), with immunomodulatory and regenerative potentials. Current data report a different secretion profile of MSCs, depending on the tissue of origin. Understanding of the secretion profile of different MSCs is necessary to identify the most efficient and useful source for SSc treatment.

Methods

We analyzed the content of MSC-conditioned media (MSC-CM) obtained from MSCs isolated from adipose tissue (AT), bone marrow (BM), Wharton’s jelly (WJ), and cord blood (CB) by ELISA method, and their effects on the wound healing process by fibroblast proliferation, migration, and ECM deposition assays, to compare regenerative potential of different MSC populations.

Results

WJ-MSC-conditioned medium (CM) and BM-MSC-CM show a greater regenerative profile, compared to CB-MSC-CM and AT-MSC-CM, due to the abundance of growth factors and immunomodulatory cytokines and the effects on fibroblast functions. In SSc fibroblasts, WJ-MSC-CM significantly promotes fibroblast-mediated wound healing processes and VEGF expression, compared to BM-MSC-CM.

Discussion

Our data indicate that WJ-MSC-CM could be considered an appealing strategy to both topical and systemic administrations in SSc patients.
The usefulness of infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction in the analysis of falsified, illegal, and medicinal products
Authors: Mocarska Anna , Piorunska Karolina , Maurin Jan K. , Blazewicz Agata
Published: February 2025

One way to combat the black pharmaceutical market is to exchange experience and knowledge among the laboratories involved in this fight. A beneficial approach is compiling application examples that demonstrate the development and growing potential of the two analytical techniques that are undoubtedly useful in investigating pharmacologically active ingredients found in products dangerous to consumers health and life. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction are nondestructive techniques substantial for examining evidence seized by the police, demanding minimal preparation of the sample. Importantly, they are among the few that do not negatively impact the environment because they do not require the production or disposal of chemical reagents or solvents, aligning with the principles of green chemistry. Both techniques provide consistent, reproducible results, essential for legal and scientific validity.
Improving economic assessment and decision-making for managed retreat through CBA+: a targeted literature review
Authors: Cross Benjamin , Doberstein Brent , Lueck Vanessa
Published: February 2025

There is growing recognition that managed retreat, also known as strategic relocation, could be an increasingly important adaptation measure in the face of climate change and rising natural hazard risk. However, managed retreat’s potential benefits are limited by challenges in funding, negative participant experiences, public and political opposition, uncertainty in long-term climate change and natural hazard risk, and equity concerns, all of which increase the complexity of managed retreat decision-making. While there is some research on how economic assessment tools can be used to aid in managed retreat decision-making, there is a knowledge gap in how these practises contribute to both the causes and potential resolution of the challenges associated with managed retreat. To begin to fill this gap, this paper presents a targeted literature review on the nexus between managed retreat, cost–benefit analysis of climate change adaptation and natural hazard risk reduction, and alternative economic assessment and decision-making tools. We identify connections between economic assessment practises and the primary challenges associated with managed retreat and then present several avenues where changes or additions to standard economic assessment approaches such as cost–benefit analysis (which we collectively refer to as ‘CBA+’) could lead to better managed retreat outcomes. Finally, we present a framework and 10 key principles that summarise key aspects of CBA+ to help agencies involved in managed retreat improve outcomes through economic assessment and decision-making process design. The most important key principles are the context- and community-specific design of economic assessment and decision-making processes, and the need for ongoing and thorough community engagement and co-production.
Characterization of clustered bacteriocin-type signal domain protein genes in Treponema denticola
Authors: Nukaga Tomoyuki , Kokubu Eitoyo , Okamoto-Shibayama Kazuko , Kikuchi Yuichiro , Furusawa Masahiro , Muramatsu Takashi , Ishihara Kazuyuki
Published: February 2025

Background

Periodontitis is caused by the dysbiosis of subgingival plaque, and Treponema denticola is the pathogen associated with this disease. Bacteriocins are involved in interbacterial competition during dysbiosis. In our previous study, three potential bacteriocin ABC transporter genes (tepA1-B1, tepA2-B2, and tepA3-B3) of T. denticola were investigated. Upstream of tepA1-B1, three genes annotated as bacteriocin-type signal domain proteins are located. However, the role of these proteins in T. denticola remains unclear. In the present study, these bacteriocin-type signal domain proteins were characterized to elucidate their putative roles in T. denticola.

Methods

Gene clusters surrounding bacteriocin-type signal domain protein genes were compared in silico. The expression of proteins and transporters was evaluated using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Bacteriocin-type signal domain proteins were detected using immunoblot analysis. The expression of bacteriocin-like proteins was investigated by co-culturing with Treponema vincentii.

Results

The DNA sequences of the bacteriocin-type signal domain protein genes and upstream lipoprotein genes were highly conserved. Expression of the bacteriocin-type signal domain protein and tepA1 was slightly higher in the mid-log phase than in the stationary phase and was reduced upon co-culture with T. vincentii. Bacteriocin ABC transporter gene tepA1 was expressed independently of tepA2 and tepA3. Immunoblot analysis detected bacteriocin-like proteins in culture supernatants. However, bactericidal activity was not detected in the culture supernatant of T. denticola.

Conclusion

Three tandem lipoprotein-bacteriocin-type signal domain protein genes may have originated from duplication. Bacteriocin-type signal domain proteins are expressed under unstimulated conditions and are secreted by T. denticola cells.