bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jigsaw – Reconstructing the Ruisasi 1 Incised Pot
Authors: Jones-Amin Holly
Published: November 2024

While undertaking a detailed conjoin study of sherds from Ruisasi 1, an archaeological site located along the Caution Bay coastal plain, 19 variably weathered sherds were found to belong to one incomplete incised pot. This article details the incised pot and explores what conjoining and reconstruction of this vessel can tell us about the vessel’s manufacture, fragmentation, deposition and the sherd deposit at Ruisasi 1. The site was excavated in 2010, revealing at depth a large number of highly fragmented ceramics. By examining the conjoining sherds from the incised pot, it is possible to work out whether the deposit formed as a single, archaeologically instantaneous event or as a gradual accumulation of more or less different depositional events.
Archaeological and Palaeoenviromental Investigations Near Aitape, Northern Papua New Guinea, 2014
Authors: Golitko Mark , Cochrane Ethan , Schecter Esther M. , Kariwiga Jason
Published: November 2024

The mid-Holocene period (ca. 7000–3000 BP) in the southwestern Pacific witnessed the activation of wide-ranging networks connecting the north coast of New Guinea and off-shore islands, possibly driven by rising population density as favourable coastal environments developed after the mid-Holocene marine highstand. Yet finding actual evidence for human occupation dating to this period in New Guinea has proven extremely challenging. We report on the results of recent fieldwork carried out to examine areas of potential mid-Holocene settlement near the modern town of Aitape. Our survey and excavations provide minor evidence for mid-Holocene settlement, but we find no evidence for obsidian or other long distance imports suggesting connection to other parts of the Pacific during this time. It remains uncertain whether this absence reflects prehistoric reality or the difficulties inherent in finding archaeology of mid-Holocene age on a coastline impacted by significant morphological change during the intervening millennia.
Ecological Consequences of Pre-Contact Harvesting of Bay of Islands fish and Shellfish, and Other Marine Taxa, Based on Midden Evidence
Authors: Booth John
Published: November 2024

Midden contents – especially those that have associated dates – can provide compelling evidence concerning the effects of human harvesting on the diversity, distribution, abundance, and mean individual-size of shallow-water marine stocks. Archaeological Site Recording Scheme Site Record Forms for the 767 Bay of Islands middens as of August 2014 were summarised according to contents; these included 28 calibrated dates associated with 16 individual sites. The oldest site was first settled possibly as early as the 13th Century. By the time of European contact, the population of the Bay of Islands was possibly as great as 10,000 (over half the resident population today), yet it seems that the 500 years of harvesting pressure left no lasting legacy on Bay of Islands’ fish and shellfish resources – with the probable exception of the fishing-out of local populations of the Cook Strait limpet, and possibly the overfishing of hapuku in shallow waters. Marine mammal and seabird bones were only reported from Early and Early/Middle Period middens, consistent with the rapid extirpation and extinction of taxa after human arrival in the northeast of the North Island.
Notes and Queries on Anthropology: Its influence on Pacific prehistoric archaeology at the turn of the 20th century
Authors: Richards Michelle
Published: November 2024

Instructions for travellers on the collection of archaeological objects were published in the first 1874 edition of Notes and Queries on Anthropology. The archives of the Royal Geographical Society, the Royal Anthropological Institute, and the British Museum were searched to investigate what influence Notes and Queries on Anthropology had on pioneering field archaeologists in the Pacific at the turn of the 20th century, and how this contributed to the beginnings of prehistoric archaeological practice. This paper assesses the archaeological legacies left to us from the expeditions of three early pioneers: Frederick William Christian (1867–1934), William Scoresby Routledge (1859–1939) and Katherine Routledge (1866–1935).
Visualising Hawaiian Sacred Sites: The archives and J.F.G. Stokes’s pioneering archaeological surveys, 1906–1913
Authors: Flexner James , Mulrooney Mara A. , McCoy Mark D. , Kirch Patrick V.
Published: November 2024

In the early 1900s, Australian-born archaeologist John F.G. Stokes was the first to extensively use modern surveying techniques and photography to document Hawaiian archaeological sites. Stokes carried out fieldwork for a Bishop Museum-based research program driven by interests in Polynesian origins and Hawaiian religious change, focusing specifically on the monumental temple sites called heiau in Hawaiian. Using a sample of the visual record of plan maps and photographs from Stokes’s work, we examine how Stokes represented sacred sites, including the variable level of architectural detail offered. Stokes’s reliance on Native Hawaiian informants is notable, as it may have played an important role in shaping his view of the archaeological landscape. Stokes’s survey record provides an important dataset for understanding the paradigms at work in Polynesian archaeology in the early 20th century, and the influences of this work in subsequent approaches to monumentality in the archipelago and beyond.
Archaeological Charcoal Analysis in New Zealand
Authors: Wallace Rod , Holdaway Simon J
Published: November 2024

Charcoal is well preserved and abundant in many New Zealand archaeological sites. When identified to species it provides a means of reconstructing past vegetation communities adjacent to occupation sites. However, the way charcoal deposits accumulated needs to be considered before species identifications are converted into vegetation reconstructions. Here a number of examples from New Zealand archaeological sites illustrate how charcoal identification when combined with a consideration of the contexts from which samples are derived allow inferences to be made about human interaction with the fire histories of past vegetation communities.
Māori Cordage from Te Wao Nui a Tiriwa, Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Mckendry Lisa
Published: November 2024

Tāmaki Paenga Hira (Auckland War Memorial Museum) holds a number of Māori archaeological textiles from cave and rockshelter sites in Aotearoa New Zealand. The textiles presented here are a cordage collection from Te Wao Nui a Tiriwa (Waitakere Ranges), Auckland. The cord fragments are manufactured with whiri (plaited) and miro (twisted) structures. The diversity of structural attributes reveals the use of a range of materials, strand forms and dimensions to manufacture cords. A range of local resources were used at all sites for plaited cords, however, the twisted cords are all made from the same plant species, harakeke (Phormium tenax, New Zealand Flax). The artefacts appear to be functional items such as lashing, binding and fishing lines. The exception is a plait made with human hair. In the main, the types of whiri and miro cords in the Te Wao Nui a Tiriwa collection are represented in other archaeological cordage assemblages in Aotearoa. This article provides comprehensive technical information which contributes to our understanding of Māori cordage technology and provides data important for future comparative textile studies.
Coastal and Inland Settlement on RaiÊ»atea (Society Islands) During the Development/Expansion, Classic, and Post-Contact Phases
Authors: Kahn Jennifer G.
Published: November 2024

The Society Islands hold a central place in archaeological models of Central Eastern Polynesia colonization and social complexity, given their spatial importance as a gateway into CEP from the west. Archaeological fieldwork in the Societies has had a patchy distribution, with most recent studies largely focusing on the Classic Phase in the Windward Island group, disallowing regional syntheses. Inland and coastal RaiÊ»atea, (Leeward Society Islands) were excavated and dated in order to develop a local chronology. Analysis of artifact and faunal assemblages, in conjunction with settlement patterns, contextualize the Raiatean cultural chronology within the regional archipelago-wide cultural sequence. Finally, a suite of lab-based analyses (micro-fossil analysis, wood charcoal identifications, land snail identification) are used to tentatively model human-landscape interactions through time. With this new corpus of 14C dates, we now have evidence for coastal Raiatean sites dating to the late Expansion and the late Classic to Early Post-Contact phase. Data from inland sites indicate complex the construction of a sizeable ritual center, including several community level temple structures with notable architectural elaboration, in the late Classic Period. This correlates well with regional archipelago-wide settlement pattern shifts during the Classic Phase.
LiDAR Imagery Confirms Extensive Interior Land-Use on Tutuila, American Sāmoa
Authors: Cochrane Ethan E. , Mills Joseph
Published: November 2024

Analysis of LiDAR imagery for Tutuila, American Sāmoa, confirms extensive modification of the interior landscape.Using both field-generated maps and feature descriptions as a guide, we identify numerous terraces and other probablefeature types in LiDAR images for three areas of Tutuila. Our results are applicable across the island.
PENSAR LA ESCUELA AYER Y HOY, EN POST PANDEMIA: RELATO AUTOBIOGRÁFICO
Authors: Uribe Balbín Luz Mary
Published: November 2024

La experiencia en la escuela como niña, adolescente, mujer, madre y maestra ha estado entretejida con el amor, sorpresa, encanto, desecando, alegría, adversidades, pero con el horizonte en colores de esperanza. Por ello, el relato, oral y escrito, ha sido parte constitutivo de mi vida. A continuación, recurro a él para narrar la escuela desde la experiencia autobiográfica. El presente texto hace parte de la tesis doctoral: “Relatos de experiencias de investigación en el aula: Un encuentro con la alteridad y consigo misma en tiempos de pandemia”, del Doctorado en Educación - Programa Específico de Formación en Investigación Narrativa Auto-Biográfica en Educación- de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario. La escritura está en varios movimientos: La escuela en la infancia, La escuela en la adolescencia, La huella de maestros en la educación universitaria y observaciones de maestra en el aula. Así mismo, la narrativa como metodología, fragmentos de mi diario--experiencias en el aula y algunas conclusiones de habitar la escuela como alumna y maestra.
The Role of Knowledge Leaders to Enhance Organisational Performance Through Society 5.0
Authors: Barker Rachel
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – To investigate the role of knowledge leaders to enhance organisational performance through Society 5.0 as a combination of continuous enquiry regarding the systems and processes of an organisation.Methodology – A systematic literature review, adopting an exploratory and descriptive approach was used to obtain insights into and to relate the basic theoretical concepts through a multiple-point-of-view and exploratory interpretivistic approach. The focus is on the shift to metamodernism, an oscillation between modernity and postmodernity, as an interpretative framework.Findings – One way to do this is to prepare the system (knowledge management) as the basis for creating a fusion between Society 5.0 and a continuous enquiry into the systems and processes of an organisation, including appropriate policies and technologies, to enhance organisational performance. It is posited that positive intervention will enhance knowledge sharing for problem solving and innovation to develop a culture of trust and commitment. In addition, a conceptual theoretical framework for the role of knowledge leaders in knowledgebased organisations was proposed to emphasise the core philosophy of Society 5.0 where the human being is positioned at the center of innovation, digital transformation and organisational computerisation. In this framework, intellectual capital at individual and collective level is arguably important to enhance organisational performance.Implications – This paper is limited to the presentation of a theoretical framework. Evidence-based research based on knowledge management and Society 5.0 is needed.Originality – This review shed light on an under-researched and crucial area in the ever-changing organisational environment and presented a conceptual theoretical framework to address the key theoretical constructs of Society 5.0, knowledge management, knowledge leaders, intellectual capital and innovation to improve organisational performance on the micro and macro levels beyond existing corporate frameworks.
Distance librarianship in Kenyan universities
Authors: Wakasa Joan
Published: November 2024

Rationale of study – Many institutions of higher learning in Kenya are now delivering their programmes through distance learning and the library is providing support by offering information resources and services to students who are off campus. This research sought to establish the effectiveness of libraries in providing information resources and services to open and distance learners (ODLs).Methodology – The research used a descriptive survey design to analyse the effectiveness of information resource and service provision to ODLs by university libraries in Kenya. Data was collected using interviews and questionnaires from 179 ODLs and 83 librarians in selected universities in Kenya offering ODL programmes. The data collected was edited, organised, analysed quantitatively using descriptive statistics.Findings – The study found that academic libraries were generally effective in delivering services to ODLs. This was exemplified by the existence of institutional repositories where research papers were available to ODLs; the majority of the students were trained on basic computer skills enabling them to use digital resources effectively; as well as collaboration during information repackaging between faculty, ICT staff and ODL personnel.Implications – This study is of importance to university libraries, librarians, ODLs and administrators in universities in Kenya. The findings can be used to develop policies, programmes and infrastructure in academic libraries in Kenya to enable them to support distance learning effectively.Originality – This paper highlights the role libraries can play to ODL university students, an aspect that can greatly influence information resource and service delivery. It makes a significant contribution to the distance librarianship practice and policy.
Students’ Perceived Areas of Difficulty during Library Practicum in Nigerian University Libraries
Authors: Chukwusa Joseph
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – The practicum scheme is a scheduled, run, and evaluated programme. The programme provides opportunity for students to incorporate and apply classroom learning in library and information science in the workplace environment thereby enabling them to learn from experts. The study investigated students’ perceived areas of difficulty during library practicum in Delta State and Prof. Aghagbo Nwako university libraries in Nigeria. It investigated students’ areas of learning difficulties during library practicum; teaching difficulties encountered by library supervisors during library practicum; and the relationship between the students’ and supervisors’ learning and teaching difficulties during library practicum.Methodology – This was a descriptive research using a questionnaire for data gathering. The population of the study consisted of all 154 final year students (2017/2018 session) of the Department of Library and Information Science in the two universities studied. The population also included 30 supervisors of the practicum. Data was analysed through descriptive statistics.Findings – The study revealed that the use of classification schemes, filing of catalogue cards, indexing and abstracting of materials, descriptive cataloguing and use of computers were the areas of learning and teaching difficulties experienced by the students and supervisors. Suggestions were made and it was concluded that library authorities should see to it that teaching materials are made available to the students on practicum because the exercise is undertaken just once in the students’ academic life time before proceeding to the world of work.Implications – The findings of this study may be useful for identifying the different learning and teaching difficulties of students and industry-based supervisors with a view to proffering solutions to the identified lapses.Originality – This is an original and empirical study on library practicum in two universities in Nigeria.
A Conceptual Data Mining Model (DMM) used in Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI): a case study of Strathmore University library
Authors: Ambayo Alunga Jackson , Ateya Lukandu Ismail
Published: November 2024

Rationale - The process of locating and acquiring relevant information from libraries is getting more complicated due to the vast amount of information resources one has to plough through. To serve users purposefully, an academic library should be able to avail to users the tools and services that lessen the task of searching for information.Design - The research proposed a two-phase data mining through analysing the access behaviour of users. In the first phase, the Ant Colony Clustering Algorithm was used as the data mining method and separated users into several clusters depending on access records used. The clusters were in the form of course groupings. Users who have similar interests and behaviour were collected in the same cluster. In the second phase, the user records in the same cluster were analysed further. The second phase relied on association which was used to discover the relationship between users and information resources, users’ interests and their information access behaviour.Findings - It was ascertained that although users were able to locate and retrieve the information they needed, it was not up to the degree of satisfaction they expected. Furthermore, it took them some time to acquire the information. Using data mining together with selective dissemination of information would enable users to access relevant information without promptly thus saving time and other resources. Practical implications - The mining of user data within library databases would facilitate a better understanding of user needs and requirements leading to the development and delivery of specialised and more fulfilling services.Originality - The proposed DMM model is original as it is one of a kind that suggests integrating SDI with data mining in libraries.
Virtual reality library services: A global vision for university libraries in Delta and Edo states, Nigeria
Authors: Francisca Ogbomo Dr. Esoswo
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – Virtual reality is a universal technological phenomenon that has made a tremendous impact on a wide range of professions, including medicine, engineering, aviation, military, and, more lately, librarianship, among others. It is worrisome that libraries in Delta and Edo states, Nigeria are yet to deploy virtual reality services. This study investigated virtual reality services in university libraries in Delta and Edo States, Nigeria.Methodology – A descriptive survey research method was adopted for the study using a population of 116 librarians from the 15 university libraries in Delta and Edo States, Nigeria. The total enumeration sampling technique was utilised for the research because of the small population size. A structured questionnaire to collect data from the respondents face to face.Findings – The findings revealed that librarians’ willingness to implement virtual reality technologies in university libraries in Delta and Edo States, Nigeria is high. The study further revealed that the respondents agreed that information literacy service, library orientation service, and user education service, among others, can be done via virtual reality technologies in university libraries. However, the respondents were not aware of virtual reality technologies to adopt.Implications – This study recommends that library management should allocate funds for the acquisition of virtual reality technologies for university libraries. Training on virtual reality should also be organised for librarians in university libraries in Nigeria.Originality – The study was an original research conducted on the potential use of virtual reality library services in Delta and Edo States, Nigeria.
Achieving information safety in a disaster environment: the way forward for Africa
Authors: Ouma Odongo Janes
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – Disaster incidents are becoming common globally. When they occur, disasters are known to cause great havoc resulting in high numbers of human fatalities and injuries; massive damage and destruction of property; and high degrees of strain on environmental resources. In most cases, people only associate Africa’s disasters with humanitarian consequences while completely ignoring other forms of damages and losses caused therein. The impact of disasters on records and information in Africa is generally ignored.Methodology – Based on a desk review of secondary data, this descriptive study explored the information capabilities, potentials and risks that Africa has which can be threatened by disasters.Findings – The findings of the study indicate that although records management in Africa is still largely paperbased, electronic records management is picking pace across the continent in line with current global practice. However, the limited use of digital document signing technologies means that official signed records still have to be kept in hard-copies. This poses threats to records during emergencies.Implications – The author recommends that a more holistic approach should be taken in discourses regarding Africa’s disasters and their management. Most importantly, there should be meaningful disaster management focused on ensuring information security before, during and after disasters. This is considering that even disaster recovery efforts are largely hinged on the safety of these records.Originality – Although it used secondary data, this study was original in terms of its scope and coverage. It emphasises that emerging technologies that enable records to be processed, signed and stored without printing should be used to ensure environmental and information safety during disasters.
Induction and Placement Practices as Correlates of Job Performance of Recruited Librarians in Federal Universities in South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Ufuoma Eruvwe , Vera Ngozi Okonoko
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – The study aimed to investigate induction and placement practices as correlate of the job performance of recruited librarians in federal universities in South- South, Nigeria.Methodology – The study adopted the correlational research design. Three (3) research questions and two (2) hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study comprised 108 academic librarians in the six federal universities spread across the six states of South-South, Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered to all the 108 respondents; only 95 were filled and returned. The overall reliability of the instrument yielded 0.95 with the use of Cronbach Alpha Coefficient. The rating scale of 4 points was subjected to an estimation procedure using SPSS version 17.0. A mean score of 2.5 and above on any item was accepted. Pearson r and R2 was used to answer the research questions while the null hypotheses were tested with the use of linear regression analysis.Findings – The findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between induction process and librarians’ job performance in the federal university libraries in South-South, Nigeria. There is also a positive significant relationship between placement criteria and job performance of librarians. The level of agreement on the indices of job performance of librarians was high. That is to say induction, placement and job performance indices are critical for the recruitment process of librarians in federal university libraries in South-South, Nigeria.Implications – The findings of this study may serve as a guide to the Federal Government, Federal University Management, Library Management and other stakeholders in the recruitment of librarians as it elucidates the benefits of induction training to librarians.Originality – This research work is the first of this kind to assess induction and placement practices as correlates of job performance of libraries in federal university libraries in South- South, Nigeri
Enhancing security ethical value practices in e-records management at Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
Authors: Nyaboke Musembe Dr. Carolyne , Mutula Prof. Stephen
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – This paper, which is part of a doctoral thesis on e-records security management, investigates security ethical values in e-records management with a view to offering practical and policy interventions to address this challenge.Methodology – Data was collected from Moi University staff in Kenya using interviews and questionnaires and analysed thematically using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 24.Findings – The study revealed that security ethical values were practised to some extent in the university. However, with the decentralised nature of running the university affairs, especially in schools and departments, and lack of guiding principles coupled with weak implementation of classification of e-records, the security of the information was left at the mercy of individual staff. Similarly, the study found that the university lacks clear guidelines on the standard way of sensitising personnel on the security ethical values.Implications – The university should consider the application of security ethical values considering the continuous development in technology by developing a robust set of principles to underpin new approaches in e-records management.Originality – Security ethical values is an area with multidimensional complexities that invites intelligence of professionals in different fields and stakeholders that has not been broadly covered in literature. This paper tries to bring out fundamental principles that may contribute to the existing knowledge.
The Impact of Twitter Ban on Online Services Delivery to Nigerian University Library Users
Authors: Shiekuma Tor Felix , Gambo Wisdom Audrey
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – The study investigated Twitter features that aid the delivery of online library services to users, online library services rendered via Twitter, and the extent to which the indefinite ban of Twitter in Nigeria has affected the delivery of online library services among Nigerian university libraries.Methodology – The paper adopted an online survey method to collect data from 81 librarians working in university libraries in Nigeria. The collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics and presented in the form of frequency counts and simple percentages.Findings – The study revealed that images and audio sharing, retweeting posts, and following accounts are the most prominent Twitter features that enable the delivery of online library services to users. These features accelerate the delivery of services such as user education, enquiry, and current awareness. Similarly, the study revealed that the Twitter ban in Nigeria has affected the delivery of online library services to a large extent, especially in creating current awareness as well as promoting library events and programmes.Implications – This study can help university libraries to diversify their online presence by creating multiple digital outlets for engaging users. This would avert the breakdown of online library service delivery in the event of a lack of access to a particular platform like Twitter.Originality – Until the time of conducting this research, no particular study had been carried out to investigate the effect of Twitter’s ban on the delivery of online library services in universities in Nigeria.
Cruise Tourism in a Pandemic Reality: The End of the Industry or Not?
Authors: Melikjanyan Karina
Published: November 2024

The following research work aims at analyzing coronavirus disease impact on cruise industry. The study provides a general overview of the sector before the crisis, as well as current Covid-19 pandemic situation and suggests possible post pandemic evolution of the industry.The findings show that despite the biggest crisis in the sector, the business is too successful to go down and sink under the pressure of financial problems. Even bad publicity of cruises is going to be temporary. According to 2020 CLIA Report 82% of cruise travelers are likely to cruise again. The fact testifies to the high attractiveness of the cruises. Another ‘pro’ is a positive attitude tendency of society about cruising. [1].
Bridging Data Communities: Interoperability through inclusive, cross-institutional collaboration
Authors: Sackmann Anna , Ngo Lisa , Smith Elliott , Coleman Misha
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To demonstrate how librarians can use engagement strategies to foster the exchange of knowledge and skills for data analysis and to build bridges between data communities. A second objective is to help student instructors to develop effective live-coding pedagogical practices and to gain practical experience in leading participatory workshop sessions. 
Methods: Librarians developed a low-barrier introductory peer-to-peer data science workshop series to support students seeking to develop coding, data analysis, and visualization skills, with a focus on Python and SQL. We guided undergraduate peer instructors in participatory live-coding pedagogy, organized practice sessions for instructors, and managed the scheduling, logistics, outreach, and hosting of the workshops.
Results: In Fall 2023 sessions in the workshop series were delivered synchronously to over 100 participants, including students from our home institution and more than a dozen community colleges; one workshop was delivered twice—once in English, once in Spanish. Workshop recordings posted online have been viewed over 1000 times.
Conclusions: We successfully identified strategies for building upon existing relationships and strengthening connections among diverse data communities; designing programs and outreach efforts to lower barriers to participation in data science; and fostering a culture of diversity, equity, and inclusion in data science knowledge sharing.
Rituximab therapy in severe connective tissue disease- associated interstitial lung disease: A retrospective single-centre observational study
Authors: Seedat U F , Christian B , Boshoff P E , Gaylard P , Schleicher G K
Published: November 2024

Background. Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) that progresses despite first-line immunosuppressive therapy is a clinical challenge. Rituximab (RTX) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeted to CD20+ B cells, resulting in B-cell depletion, and has been used as a salvage therapeutic modality in severe disease.
Objectives. To investigate the therapeutic effects and safety of RTX in patients with severe CTD-ILD.
Methods. A retrospective observational analysis of patients with severe CTD-ILD treated with salvage RTX therapy and various combinations of immunomodulatory therapy at Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa, between January 2010 and December 2020 was performed. A total of 19 patients with progressive CTD-ILD, sufficient data, and 24-month follow-up were analysed. The effects of adding salvage RTX to standard drug therapy were investigated with serial pulmonary function testing, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest, and World Health Organization functional class (FC) assessment.
Results. At 24-month follow-up from baseline, there was no significant deterioration in forced vital capacity (0.01 L; 95% CI –0.13 - 0.14) (p=0.91) after commencing RTX salvage therapy. Serial HRCT of the chest showed radiological disease stability or improvement in 13 of the 19 patients (68%). FC assessment showed no significant deterioration compared with baseline (p=0.083). No serious adverse drug reactions or deaths were recorded.
Conclusion. Salvage RTX therapy, in combination with various immunomodulatory treatments, resulted in disease stability in the majority of patients with severe CTD-ILD over a 24-month period.
Entente sur mesures volontaires au Québec : portrait des familles et modification des mesures en protection de la jeunesse
Authors: Lessard Julie , Simard Marie-Claude , Poitras Karine , Chateauneuf Doris , Lemardelet Laura
Published: November 2024

Objectifs. En protection de la jeunesse, l’entente sur mesures volontaires (EMV) doit être privilégiée avant d’emprunter la voie judiciaire. Bien qu’elle soit largement utilisée au Québec, peu d’études se sont intéressées aux caractéristiques des familles suivies assujetties à cette mesure. Ainsi, cette étude exploratoire vise d’une part à dresser le portrait des enfants et des familles bénéficiant d’une EMV ainsi qu’à identifier les caractéristiques associées à un changement de l’EMV vers des mesures judiciaires. Méthode. L’échantillon de l’étude comprend 312 enfants et leurs parents pris en charge par le CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale dans le cadre d’une EMV. Les données sont extraites du système Projet Intégration Jeunesse (PIJ). Résultats. Les résultats de l’étude mettent en évidence quelques distinctions chez les parents concernés par l’EMV dont une plus grande proportion de familles intactes, de revenus provenant de l’emploi et ayant au moins une difficulté de fonctionnement (91,9 % des mères et 84,3 % des pères). Les motifs de compromission les plus fréquents sont la négligence et les risques sérieux de négligence. L’âge des parents contribue à diminuer la probabilité d’une modification du cadre légal alors que le placement de l’enfant avant l’EMV, le TDAH de la mère et le cumul des difficultés de fonctionnement du père augmentent cette probabilité. Discussion. Cette étude représente une première avancée dans la recherche sur ce sujet. Des études plus larges sont nécessaires pour obtenir une image complète des familles en EMV au Québec et comprendre les raisons sous-jacentes à la modification du cadre légal.
Points de vue d’adolescents en difficulté d’adaptation sur un projet d’intervention psychosociale par la nature et l’aventure : quelles signifiances et quelles retombées ?
Authors: Bergeron Geneviève , Rojo Sébastien , Massé Line , Brochu Marilyn
Published: November 2024

Les formes moins conventionnelles d’intervention psychosociale obtiennent de plus en plus d’attention dans la perspective de soutenir les adolescents présentant des difficultés d’adaptation socioémotionnelles et comportementales pour qui l’école devient trop souvent source de méfiance, voire de souffrance. Cet article découle d’une recherche-action-formation réalisée en partenariat avec une école secondaire dans le but de soutenir des adolescents présentant d’importantes difficultés d’adaptation socioémotionnelles et comportementales par le biais d’une programmation d’intervention psychosociale par la nature et l’aventure (IPNA). Afin de dégager les retombées du programme d’intervention ainsi que les facteurs pouvant influencer ces dernières, nous avons cherché à répondre aux questions suivantes : quelles sont les aspects du projet les plus signifiantes pour les jeunes et qu’est-ce qui y contribue ? Quelles sont les retombées perçues du projet d’IPNA ? Accordant une grande valeur à la voix des jeunes encore trop peu représentée dans la recherche, nous avons réalisé des entrevues individuelles avec dix adolescents âgés de 15 à 18 ans et avons procédé à des analyses descriptives inductives. Pour ces populations vulnérables, les résultats dévoilent le rôle important du plaisir, de la mise à distance du quotidien difficile et du soutien du groupe devenu catalyseur de relations plus positives et nourrissantes. Leurs propos mettent en lumière que certains défis vécus et surmontés perturbent l’image négative qu’ils ont d’eux-mêmes et constituent des leviers à la (re) prise de confiance en leurs capacités.
Translating the narrative of tolerance in designing a museum environment
Authors: Yaufik Anggelia , Kusuma Adriyan
Published: November 2024

The study explores the design of a museum environment based on the narrative of 'tolerance.' Museums deliver in-depth and interactive messages through creating spatial experiences that provides information and engages visitor's emotions. This academic design study utilises the narrative architecture approach to compose and create holistic spatial flow that guide visitors through various sensory experiences. The design of the museum environment consists of five core spaces with different flows of sensorial narrative related to the experience of tolerance, named Susila, Sahayanda, Sabah, Sadrah, and Segianya. The sequence between spaces allows for a coherent and progressive narrative of tolerance, enabling visitors to feel a deep involvement from one space to another. Sensorially, manipulation and organisation of spatial scales bring different experiences of light, texture, sound, and visuals to create a comprehensive and memorable experience. The application of narrative architecture allows the museum environment to evolve, not only as a place to exhibit artefacts but also as a dynamic educational platform. It provides important information about the history of tolerance-related events and reflectively enriches how the visitors experience the space. Connections between the conveyed narrative of tolerance and the space create a vibrant experience of the overall museum environment.
The Consortium of Celestials: Cosmic objects equitable interactions
Authors: Pravyana Sekar Nabila Prajwalita Reka , Yatmo Yandi Andri
Published: November 2024

This speculative design study presents a provocative inquiry into the idea of an equitable society, addressed through the exploration of cosmic scale and celestial object interactions. The issues of injustice occurring in current society are influenced by the lack of access to resources and opportunities, where architecture also plays a part. Using a post-humanist approach, the study speculates on the scale of society, broadening the context of civilisation to develop an equitable society. The study creates a science narrative of a cosmic-scale civilisation as the basis of the architectural scheme between celestial objects in cosmic space that interacts in an equitable way. The narratives inform systems of architectural interactions that are designed to support an equitable life system, including communication, extraction, processing, and distribution of spatial and environmental resources. Five particular scenarios are outlined to demonstrate these interactions, from scenarios of resource exchange, climate calibration, and anticipation of destruction. This study demonstrates an important discussion on how design of an equitable society can be informed by the interactions between cosmic objects, systems, and resources. In doing so, this study introduces new narrative of architecture as a form of extraterrestrial built environment, expanding the current understanding of context and its environmental limitations.
The other narratives of architecture
Authors: Paramita Kristanti Dewi
Published: November 2024

The other narrative of architecture expands possibilities of architectural design methods that pay attention to other temporalities, realities, and subjects of architecture. The collection of articles in this ARSNET issue provides investigations that revisit how narratives exist as the basis of architectural experience and design methods. Technological advancements create tools, platforms, and living needs that enable different ways of revealing, producing, and speculating architectural narratives. Through this issue's investigation of the other narratives, alternative situations of architecture are reconstructed.
Oxytocin salvages context-specific hyperaltruistic preference through moral framing
Authors: Zhang Hong , Ni Yinmei , Li Jian
Published: November 2024

An intriguing advancement in recent moral decision-making research suggests that people are more willing to sacrifice monetary gains to spare others from suffering than to spare themselves, yielding a hyperaltruistic tendency. Other studies, however, indicate an opposite egoistic bias in that subjects are less willing to harm themselves for the benefits of others than for their own benefits. These results highlight the delicate inner workings of moral decision and call for a mechanistic account of hyperaltruistic preference. We investigated the boundary conditions of hyperaltruism by presenting subjects with trade-off choices combing monetary gains and painful electric shocks, or, choices combing monetary losses and shocks. We first showed in study 1 that switching the decision context from gains to losses effectively eliminated the hyperaltruistic preference and the decision context effect was associated with the altered relationship between subjects’ instrumental harm (IH) trait attitudes and their relative pain sensitivities. In the pre-registered study 2, we tested whether oxytocin, a neuropeptide linked to parochial altruism, might salvage the context-dependent hyperaltruistic preference. We found that oxytocin increased subjects’ reported levels of framing the task as harming (vs. helping) others, which mediated the correlation between IH and relative pain sensitivities. Thus, the loss decision context and oxytocin nullified and restored the mediation effect of subjective harm framing, respectively. Our results help to elucidate the psychological processes underpinning the contextual specificity of hyperaltruism and carry implications in promoting prosocial interactions in our society.
Attention Modulates Human Visual Responses to Objects by Tuning Sharpening
Authors: Doostani Narges , Hossein-Zadeh Gholam-Ali , Cichy Radoslaw Martin , Vaziri-Pashkam Maryam
Published: November 2024

Visual stimuli compete with each other for cortical processing and attention biases this competition in favor of the attended stimulus. How does the relationship between the stimuli affect the strength of this attentional bias? Here, we used functional MRI to explore the effect of target-distractor similarity in neural representation on attentional modulation in the human visual cortex using univariate and multivariate pattern analyses. Using stimuli from four object categories (human bodies, cats, cars and houses), we investigated attentional effects in the primary visual area V1, the object-selective regions LO and pFs, the body-selective region EBA, and the scene-selective region PPA. We demonstrated that the strength of the attentional bias towards the target is not fixed but decreases with increasing target-distractor similarity. Simulations provided evidence that this result pattern is explained by tuning sharpening rather than an increase in gain. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for behavioral effects of target-distractor similarity on attentional biases and suggest tuning sharpening as the underlying mechanism in object-based attention.
Proteomic and functional comparison between human induced and embryonic stem cells
Authors: Brenes Alejandro J , Griesser Eva , Sinclair Linda V , Davidson Lindsay , Prescott Alan R , Singh Francois , Hogg Elizabeth KJ , Espejo-Serrano Carmen , Jiang Hao , Yoshikawa Harunori , Platani Melpomeni , Swedlow Jason R , Findlay Greg M , Cantrell Doreen A , Lamond Angus I
Published: November 2024

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have great potential to be used as alternatives to embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in regenerative medicine and disease modelling. In this study, we characterise the proteomes of multiple hiPSC and hESC lines derived from independent donors and find that while they express a near-identical set of proteins, they show consistent quantitative differences in the abundance of a subset of proteins. hiPSCs have increased total protein content, while maintaining a comparable cell cycle profile to hESCs, with increased abundance of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins required to sustain high growth rates, including nutrient transporters and metabolic proteins. Prominent changes detected in proteins involved in mitochondrial metabolism correlated with enhanced mitochondrial potential, shown using high-resolution respirometry. hiPSCs also produced higher levels of secreted proteins, including growth factors and proteins involved in the inhibition of the immune system. The data indicate that reprogramming of fibroblasts to hiPSCs produces important differences in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins compared to hESCs, with consequences affecting growth and metabolism. This study improves our understanding of the molecular differences between hiPSCs and hESCs, with implications for potential risks and benefits for their use in future disease modelling and therapeutic applications.
Impaired Myofibroblast Proliferation is a Central Feature of Pathologic Post-Natal Alveolar Simplification
Authors: Khan Imran S , Molina Christopher , Ren Xin , Auyeung Vincent C , Cohen Max , Tsukui Tatsuya , Atakilit Amha , Sheppard Dean
Published: November 2024

Premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have impaired alveolar gas exchange due to alveolar simplification and dysmorphic pulmonary vasculature. Advances in clinical care have improved survival for infants with BPD, but the overall incidence of BPD remains unchanged because we lack specific therapies to prevent this disease. Recent work has suggested a role for increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling and myofibroblast populations in BPD pathogenesis, but the functional significance of each remains unclear. Here, we utilize multiple murine models of alveolar simplification and comparative single-cell RNA sequencing to identify shared mechanisms that could contribute to BPD pathogenesis. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a profound loss of myofibroblasts in two models of BPD and identifies gene expression signatures of increased TGFβ signaling, cell cycle arrest, and impaired proliferation in myofibroblasts. Using pharmacologic and genetic approaches, we find no evidence that increased TGFβ signaling in the lung mesenchyme contributes to alveolar simplification. In contrast, this is likely a failed compensatory response, since none of our approaches to inhibit TGFb signaling protect mice from alveolar simplification due to hyperoxia while several make simplification worse. In contrast, we find that impaired myofibroblast proliferation is a central feature in several murine models of BPD, and we show that inhibiting myofibroblast proliferation is sufficient to cause pathologic alveolar simplification. Our results underscore the importance of impaired myofibroblast proliferation as a central feature of alveolar simplification and suggest that efforts to reverse this process could have therapeutic value in BPD.