bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional, Techno-Functional and Structural Properties of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Flours and Protein Concentrates
Authors: Mshayisa Vusi Vincent , Van Wyk Jessy , Zozo Bongisiwe
Published: March 2022

Due to their protein content and balanced amino acid profile, edible insects have been described as an excellent alternative protein source to combat malnutrition. As the global population continues to grow, edible insects such as the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) may contribute to food security. The effect of different protein extraction methods, i.e., alkaline solution and acid precipitation (BSFL-PC1) and extraction with an alkali (BSFL-PC2), on the nutritional, techno-functional, and structural properties of BSFL flours and protein concentrates were studied. The highest protein content (73.35%) was obtained under alkaline and acid precipitation extraction (BSFL-PC1). The sum of essential amino acids significantly increased (p < 0.05) from 24.98% to 38.20% due to the defatting process during extraction. Protein solubility was significantly higher in protein concentrates (85–97%) than flours (30–35%) at pH 2. The emulsion capacity (EC) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the protein concentrates (BSFL-PC1 and BSFL-PC2) compared to the freeze-dried and defatted BSFL flours, while the emulsion stability (ES) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in BSFL-PC1 (100%) compared with BSFL-PC2 (49.8%). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in foaming stability (FS) between freeze-dried and defatted BSFL flours. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis revealed distinct structural differences between BSFL flours and protein concentrates. This was supported by surface morphology through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, which showed that the protein extraction method influenced the structural properties of the protein concentrates. Therefore, based on the nutritional and techno-functional properties, BSFL flour fractions and protein concentrates show promise as novel functional ingredients for use in food applications.
Bio-Fortified Pork Cracklings with UVB LED Tailored Content of Vitamin D3
Authors: Ložnjak Švarc Petra , Rahimi Marzia , Tønnesen Jesper , Corell Dennis Dan , Petersen Paul Michael , Hyldig Grethe , Jakobsen Jette
Published: March 2022

Since few foods are naturally rich in vitamin D, novel food products with a high content of vitamin D are needed to decrease the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Pork cracklings are Danish snacks with high contents of protein and fat. They are consumed mostly during wintertime when sun exposure cannot fulfil human needs for vitamin D3. Pork cracklings were produced in an industrially friendly manner from UVB LED illuminated pork rind, using a combination of sous vide (85 °C, 60 min) and roasting in the oven (200 °C, 20 min). Thermal processing resulted in a significant loss of vitamin D3 (>90%). Thus, the process was optimized by the UVB exposure of pork cracklings, i.e., after thermal processing. The produced pork cracklings had a vitamin D3 level of ~10 µg/100 g, with a possibility of tailoring its final content. Furthermore, the fat content at 15–20% was a reduction of 50% compared to marketed products in 2021. No significant difference was found in the content of vitamin D3 during 31 days of storage in the air. A consumer preference test (n = 53) indicated that >80% of participants liked the product and saw its potential as a new food source of vitamin D3.
Fractal Analysis on Surface Topography of Thin Films: A Review
Authors: Zhou Wenmeng , Cao Yating , Zhao Haolin , Li Zhiwei , Feng Pingfa , Feng Feng
Published: March 2022

The topographies of various surfaces have been studied in many fields due to the significant influence that surfaces have on the practical performance of a given sample. A comprehensive evaluation requires the assistance of fractal analysis, which is of significant importance for modern science and technology. Due to the deep insights of fractal theory, fractal analysis on surface topographies has been widely applied and recommended. In this paper, the remarkable uprising in recent decades of fractal analysis on the surfaces of thin films, an essential domain of surface engineering, is reviewed. By summarizing the methods used to calculate fractal dimension and the deposition techniques of thin films, the results and trends of fractal analysis are associated with the microstructure, deposition parameters, etc. and this contributes profoundly to exploring the mechanism of film growth under different conditions. Choosing appropriate methods of surface characterization and calculation methods to study diverse surfaces is the main challenge of current research on thin film surface topography by using fractal theory. Prospective developing trends are proposed based on the data extraction and statistics of the published literature in this field.
A Numerical Study of the Fractional Order Dynamical Nonlinear Susceptible Infected and Quarantine Differential Model Using the Stochastic Numerical Approach
Authors: Botmart Thongchai , Sabir Zulqurnain , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Weera Wajaree , Sadat Rahma , Ali Mohamed R.
Published: March 2022

The theme of this study is to present the impacts and importance of the fractional order derivatives of the susceptible, infected and quarantine (SIQ) model based on the coronavirus with the lockdown effects. The purpose of these investigations is to achieve more accuracy with the use of fractional derivatives in the SIQ model. The integer, nonlinear mathematical SIQ system with the lockdown effects is also provided in this study. The lockdown effects are categorized into the dynamics of the susceptible, infective and quarantine, generally known as SIQ mathematical system. The fractional order SIQ mathematical system has never been presented before, nor solved by using the strength of the stochastic solvers. The stochastic solvers based on the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation scheme (LMBS) along with the neural networks (NNs), i.e., LMBS-NNs have been implemented to solve the fractional order SIQ mathematical system. Three cases using different values of the fractional order have been provided to solve the fractional order SIQ mathematical model. The data to present the numerical solutions of the fractional order SIQ mathematical model is selected as 80% for training and 10% for both testing and validation. For the correctness of the LMBS-NNs, the obtained numerical results have been compared with the reference solutions through the Adams–Bashforth–Moulton based numerical solver. In order to authenticate the competence, consistency, validity, capability and exactness of the LMB-NNs, the numerical performances using the state transitions (STs), regression, correlation, mean square error (MSE) and error histograms (EHs) are also provided.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Training Programs of Medical Residency in Romania
Authors: Constantinescu Gabriel , Gheorghe Gina , Ionescu Vlad Alexandru , Plotogea Oana-Mihaela , Sandru Vasile , Diaconu Camelia Cristina , Varlas Valentin Nicolae , Bacalbasa Nicolae , Diaconu Carmen Cristina , Stan-Ilie Madalina
Published: March 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the training process for resident physicians. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on professional training, and also the subjective perception of the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among resident doctors specializing in gastroenterology in Romania. Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study, for a period of two months, among 180 resident doctors specializing in gastroenterology, working in university hospitals in Romania. A questionnaire consisting of 29 questions distributed through social media platforms was completed in Google Forms. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS software v.20. Results: A linear relationship was identified between the number of daily hospitalizations in the gastroenterology department and the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection among resident physicians. In total, 80% of the participants reported an increase in the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, and 88.3% stated that they were unsatisfied by online courses. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has had negative effects on both professional training and levesl of stress, anxiety and depression of resident doctors specializing in gastroenterology. In the specialty of gastroenterology there may be certain peculiarities, due to the interventional aspects that this medical specialty involves, for example, endoscopic procedures. Thus, the necessity to acquire practical skills in addition to theoretical knowledge increases the negative impact on gastroenterology internship.
The Ratio Optimization and Strength Mechanism of Composite Cementitious Material with Low-Quality Fly Ash
Authors: Yang Xiaobing , Yan Zepeng , Yin Shenghua , Gao Qian , Li Weiguang
Published: March 2022

To resolve the limited large-scale methods of disposal of low calcium fly ash with poor activity, based on the double excitation principle, clinker and desulfurized gypsum are used as alkali/salt activators to activate fly ash and slag, avoiding the inconvenience of strong alkali activating fly ash in industry. Firstly, the strength test of a filling body with multiple ratio composite cementing material is carried out, and the weight coefficient of each material to strength is analyzed by grey correlation degree. The composition of the hydration products, microstructure, and pore structure of the filling body was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric test, and mercury compression test. The strength mechanism of the cemented body was confirmed. The results show that cemented backfill prepared by composite cementitious material, which contained high content and low-quality fly ash, can meet the strength requirements of subsequent backfill in a mine. The degree of composite cementitious material influence on 7 d strength is slag > desulfurized gypsum > fly ash > clinker; the degree of influence on 28 d strength is: fly ash > slag > desulfurized gypsum > clinker. The main hydration products of the composite cementable material with high content low-quality fly ash are C–S–H gel and ettringite, and the unreacted fly ash particles can still be seen at 28 d. As the curing age grows, the difference in the number of hydration products under different proportioning conditions has a weaker effect on the strength, while the influence of raw materials and product morphology on the pore structure determines the development trend of the strength. Therefore, the threshold pore size can be used to characterize the strength advantages and disadvantages reasonably.
Evaluation of the Physical Stability of Starch-Based Hydrogels Produced by High-Pressure Processing (HPP)
Authors: Larrea-Wachtendorff Dominique , Del Grosso Vittoria , Ferrari Giovanna
Published: March 2022

Starch-based hydrogels are natural polymeric structures with high potential interest for food, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, the physical stability of starch-based hydrogels produced via high-pressure processing (HPP) was evaluated using conventional and accelerated methods. For this purpose, conventional stability measurements, namely swelling power, water activity, texture, and organoleptic properties, as well as microbiological analysis of rice, corn, wheat, and tapioca starch hydrogels, were determined at different time intervals during storage at 20 °C. Additionally, to assess the stability of these structures, accelerated tests based on temperature sweep tests and oscillatory rheological measurements, as well as temperature cycling tests, were performed. The experimental results demonstrated that the physical stability of starch-based HPP hydrogels was interdependently affected by the microorganisms’ action and starch retrogradation, leading to both organoleptic and texture modifications with marked reductions in swelling stability and firmness. It was concluded that tapioca starch hydrogels showed the lowest stability upon storage due to higher incidence of microbial spoilage. Accelerated tests allowed the good stability of HPP hydrogels to be predicted, evidencing good network strength and the ability to withstand temperature changes. Modifications of the rheological properties of corn, rice, and wheat hydrogels were only observed above 39 °C and at stress values 3 to 10 times higher than those necessary to modify commercial hydrogels. Moreover, structural changes to hydrogels after cycling tests were similar to those observed after 90 days of conventional storage. Data obtained in this work can be utilized to design specific storage conditions and product improvements. Moreover, the accelerated methods used in this study provided useful information, allowing the physical stability of starch-based hydrogels to be predicted.
How Ancestor Research Affects Self-Understanding and Well-Being: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Moore Susan M.
Published: March 2022

The idea for this Special Issue of Genealogy came from my fascination not just with my own family history research, but through my involvement with groups of other passionate fellow family history researchers [...]
Decoding the Gene Variants of Two Native Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains through Whole-Genome Resequencing: Insights into Bacterial Adaptability to Stressors and Antimicrobial Strength
Authors: Tenea Gabriela N.
Published: March 2022

In this study, whole-genome resequencing of two native probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains—UTNGt21A and UTNGt2—was assessed in order to identify variants and perform annotation of genes involved in bacterial adaptability to different stressors, as well as their antimicrobial strength. A total of 21,906 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in UTNGt21A, while 17,610 were disclosed in the UTNGt2 genome. The comparative genomic analysis revealed a greater number of deletions, transversions, and transitions within the UTNGt21A genome, while a small difference in the number of insertions was detected between the strains. A divergent number of types of variant annotations were detected in both strains, and categorized in terms of low, moderate, and high modifier impact on the protein effectiveness. Although both native strains shared common specific genes involved in the stress response to the gastrointestinal environment, which may qualify as a putative probiotic (bile salt, acid, temperature, osmotic stress), they were different in their antimicrobial gene cluster organization, with UTNGt21A displaying a complex bacteriocin gene arrangement and dissimilar gene variants that might alter their defense mechanisms and overall inhibitory capacity. The genome comparison revealed 34 and 9 genomic islands (GIs) in the UTNGt21A and UTNGt2 genomes, respectively, with the overrepresentation of genes involved in defense mechanisms and carbohydrate utilization. In addition, pan-genome analysis disclosed the presence of various strain-specific genes (shell genes), suggesting a high genome variation between strains. This genome analysis illustrates that the bacteriocin signature and gene variants reflect a niche-inherent pattern. These extensive genomic datasets will guide us to understand the potential benefits of the native strains and their utility in the food or pharmaceutical sectors.
Extensive Diversity and Prevalent Fluconazole Resistance among Environmental Yeasts from Tropical China
Authors: Liu Yiwei , Chen Zhongyao , Li Jingyuan , Zhu Zhiqing , Pang Sibei , Xu Jianping , Wu Jinyan
Published: March 2022

Yeasts play important roles in both the environment and in human welfare. While some environmental yeasts positively contribute to nutrient cycling and food production, a significant number of yeast species are opportunistic human pathogens, including several that are tolerant/resistant to commonly used antifungal drugs. At present, most of our understanding of environmental yeasts has come from a few terrestrial environments in selected geographic regions. Relatively little is known about yeast diversity in tropical environments and their potential impacts on human health. Here, we characterize culturable yeasts in 968 environmental samples from eight regions in tropical China. Among the 516 soil, 273 freshwater, and 179 seawater samples, 71.5%, 85.7%, and 43.6% contained yeasts, respectively. A total of 984 yeast isolates were analyzed for their DNA barcode sequences and their susceptibilities to fluconazole. DNA sequence comparisons revealed that the 984 yeast isolates likely belonged to 144 species, including 106 known species and 38 putative novel species. About 38% of the 984 isolates belonged to known human pathogens and the most common species was Candida tropicalis, accounting for 21% (207/984) of all isolates. Further analyses based on multi-locus sequence typing revealed that some of these environmental C. tropicalis shared identical genotypes with clinical isolates previously reported from tropical China and elsewhere. Importantly, 374 of the 984 (38%) yeast isolates showed intermediate susceptibility or resistance to fluconazole. Our results suggest that these environmental yeasts could have significant negative impacts on human health.
GATA-1 Defects in Diamond–Blackfan Anemia: Phenotypic Characterization Points to a Specific Subset of Disease
Authors: van Dooijeweert Birgit , Kia Sima Kheradmand , Dahl Niklas , Fenneteau Odile , Leguit Roos , Nieuwenhuis Edward , van Solinge Wouter , van Wijk Richard , Da Costa Lydie , Bartels Marije
Published: March 2022

Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA) is one of the inherited bone marrow failure syndromes marked by erythroid hypoplasia. Underlying variants in ribosomal protein (RP) genes account for 80% of cases, thereby classifying DBA as a ribosomopathy. In addition to RP genes, extremely rare variants in non-RP genes, including GATA1, the master transcription factor in erythropoiesis, have been reported in recent years in patients with a DBA-like phenotype. Subsequently, a pivotal role for GATA-1 in DBA pathophysiology was established by studies showing the impaired translation of GATA1 mRNA downstream of the RP haploinsufficiency. Here, we report on a patient from the Dutch DBA registry, in which we found a novel hemizygous variant in GATA1 (c.220+2T>C), and an Iranian patient with a previously reported variant in the initiation codon of GATA1 (c.2T>C). Although clinical features were concordant with DBA, the bone marrow morphology in both patients was not typical for DBA, showing moderate erythropoietic activity with signs of dyserythropoiesis and dysmegakaryopoiesis. This motivated us to re-evaluate the clinical characteristics of previously reported cases, which resulted in the comprehensive characterization of 18 patients with an inherited GATA-1 defect in exon 2 that is presented in this case-series. In addition, we re-investigated the bone marrow aspirate of one of the previously published cases. Altogether, our observations suggest that DBA caused by GATA1 defects is characterized by distinct phenotypic characteristics, including dyserythropoiesis and dysmegakaryopoiesis, and therefore represents a distinct phenotype within the DBA disease spectrum, which might need specific clinical management.
Interaction Effects of DRD2 Genetic Polymorphism and Interpersonal Stress on Problematic Gaming in College Students
Authors: Kim Esther , Lee Dojin , Do KyuMi , Kim Jueun
Published: March 2022

Problematic gaming has become a public concern, influenced both by genetic factors and stressful environments. Studies have reported the effects of dopamine-related genes and interpersonal stressors on problematic gaming, but gene and environment interaction (G × E) studies have not been conducted. In this study, we investigated the interaction effects of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) polymorphisms and interpersonal stress on problematic gaming and the mediating effect of avoidant coping to reveal the mechanism of the G × E process. We recruited 168 college students (mean age = 22; male 63.1%) and genotyped their DRD2 C957T (rs6277) and Taq1 (rs1800497) polymorphisms. The results of the mediated moderation analysis showed that, when experiencing interpersonal stressors, individuals with both the C957T T allele and the Taq1 A1 allele showed more elevated problematic gaming scores than non-carriers. Moreover, the interaction effect of the combined DRD2 polymorphisms and interpersonal stress was significantly mediated by avoidant coping. These findings suggest that the influence of interpersonal stress on problematic gaming can be changed as a function of DRD2 genotypes, which may be because of the avoidant coping styles of C957T T allele and Taq1 A1 allele carriers in response to stress.
Overexpression of PvFAD3 Gene from Plukenetia volubilis Promotes the Biosynthesis of α-Linolenic Acid in Transgenic Tobacco Seeds
Authors: Liu Guo , Wu Zhihua , Shang Xiuhua , Peng Yan , Gao Liqiong
Published: March 2022

The ω-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD3) gene encodes a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of α-linolenic acid. In this study, homologous cloning was used to obtain the full-length sequence of the PvFAD3 gene of Plukenetia volubilis. The full-length DNA sequence was 1871 bp long, with 8 exons and 7 introns. The structural analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed that the PvFAD3 protein contained three histidine-conserved regions and an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. The real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction performed for determining the expression patterns of the PvFAD3 gene in different tissues of P. volubilis showed that PvFAD3 expression was highly expressed in the fast oil accumulation stage of seed. The analysis of subcellular localization assay in epidermal cells of tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves showed that the PvFAD3 protein was mainly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Seed-specific overexpression vectors were constructed, and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation was performed to obtain transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing PvFAD3. The results of fatty acid assays performed using harvested seeds showed a significant increase in α-linolenic acid content, a dramatic decrease in linoleic acid content, and an obvious increase in oil content in transgenic tobacco seeds. Collectively, the PvFAD3 gene of P. volubilis was confirmed as a key enzyme gene for α-linolenic acid synthesis; thus, indicating that the PvFAD3 gene can be used for fatty acid fraction improvement in oilseed plants.
Expression of FMRpolyG in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Women with Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 Gene Premutation
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Phuoc , Vilkaite Adriana , Messmer Birgitta , Dietrich Jens E. , Hinderhofer Katrin , Schäkel Knut , Strowitzki Thomas , Rehnitz Julia
Published: March 2022

Fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI) is characterized by oligo/amenorrhea and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and is caused by the expansion of the CGG repeat in the 5′UTR of Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1). Approximately 20% of women carrying an FMR1 premutation (PM) allele (55–200 CGG repeat) develop FXPOI. Repeat Associated Non-AUG (RAN)-translation dependent on the variable CGG-repeat length is thought to cause FXPOI, due to the production of a polyglycine-containing FMR1 protein, FMRpolyG. Peripheral blood monocyte cells (PBMCs) and granulosa cells (GCs) were collected to detect FMRpolyG and its cell type-specific expression in FMR1 PM carriers by immunofluorescence staining (IF), Western blotting (WB), and flow cytometric analysis (FACS). For the first time, FMRpolyG aggregates were detected as ubiquitin-positive inclusions in PBMCs from PM carriers, whereas only a weak signal without inclusions was detected in the controls. The expression pattern of FMRpolyG in GCs was comparable to that in the lymphocytes. We detected FMRpolyG as a 15- to 25-kDa protein in the PBMCs from two FMR1 PM carriers, with 124 and 81 CGG repeats. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that FMRpolyG was significantly higher in the T cells from PM carriers than in those from non-PM carriers. The detection of FMRpolyG aggregates in the peripheral blood and granulosa cells of PM carriers suggests that it may have a toxic potential and an immunological role in ovarian damage in the development of FXPOI.
Exploring Telehealth Readiness in a Resource Limited Setting: Digital and Health Literacy among Older People in Rural India (DAHLIA)
Authors: Rasekaba Tshepo Mokuedi , Pereira Pratibha , Rani. G Vinaya , Johnson Riya , McKechnie Rebecca , Blackberry Irene
Published: March 2022

An ageing population, disproportionally affecting developing countries, increases demand on healthcare systems. Digital health offers access to healthcare for older people, particularly those residing in rural areas, as is the case for 71% of older adults in India. This research examined technology uptake and digital and health literacy (eHEALS) among a sample of 150 older adults in rural Mysore and Suttur, India. The study utilised mixed-method, with descriptive analysis of quantitative data and thematic analysis of qualitative data. Low rates of digital (11%) and health literacy (3–27% across domains) were identified. Mobile phone ownership was 50%, but very few owned or used a smartphone and less than 10% used the Internet to contact health professionals. Qualitative analysis found low technology usage, driven by limited exposure and confidence in using digital devices. Barriers to usage included poor traditional literacy and physical aspects of ageing like poor vision. Social support from neighbours, family and local primary healthcare staff may enable adoption of digital health. Access to healthcare through digital means among Indian rural older adults needs to consider low rates of both digital and health literacy and leverage the value of support from family and primary healthcare providers.
Psychometric Properties of the European Portuguese Version of the Memorial Emergency Department Fall Risk Assessment Tool
Authors: Dixe Maria dos Anjos Coelho Rodrigues , Querido Ana , Mendonça Susana , Sousa Pedro , Monteiro Helena , Carvalho Daniel , Lopes Paulo , Rodrigues Pedro
Published: March 2022

Falls are a public health problem that cause serious damage to people’s health and health systems. This study aims to estimate the validity and reliability of the Memorial Emergency Department Fall Risk Assessment Tool for the European Portuguese population. The sample included 186 adults from an emergency department of a District Hospital in Portugal. Reliability and precision (inter-rater reliability) are assessed by two independent raters. The relationship between MEDFRAT and the Morse Fall Risk Scale is evaluated. All items presented a high Kappa index. The MEDFRAT showed a high and significant correlation with the Morse Fall Risk Scale. The influence of sociodemographic and clinical data was also checked. The MEDFRAT is adequate, valid and reliable for the European Portuguese population to assess the risk of falling of emergency department patients.
Intelligent IoT (IIoT) Device to Identifying Suspected COVID-19 Infections Using Sensor Fusion Algorithm and Real-Time Mask Detection Based on the Enhanced MobileNetV2 Model
Authors: Shinde Rupali Kiran , Alam Md. Shahinur , Park Seong Gyoon , Park Sang Myeong , Kim Nam
Published: March 2022

This paper employs a unique sensor fusion (SF) approach to detect a COVID-19 suspect and the enhanced MobileNetV2 model is used for face mask detection on an Internet-of-Things (IoT) platform. The SF algorithm avoids incorrect predictions of the suspect. Health data are continuously monitored and recorded on the ThingSpeak cloud server. When a COVID-19 suspect is detected, an emergency email is sent to healthcare personnel with the GPS position of the suspect. A lightweight and fast deep learning model is used to recognize appropriate mask positioning; this restricts virus transmission. When tested with the real-world masked face dataset (RMFD) dataset, the enhanced MobileNetV2 neural network is optimal for Raspberry Pi. Our IoT device and deep learning model are 98.50% (compared to commercial devices) and 99.26% accurate, respectively, and the time required for face mask evaluation is 31.1 milliseconds. The proposed device is useful for remote monitoring of covid patients. Thus, the method will find medical application in the detection of COVID-19-positive patients. The device is also wearable.
Psychological Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Rural Physicians in Ontario: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mandal Anchaleena , Purkey Eva
Published: March 2022

Frontline rural physicians in Canada are vulnerable to the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic considering their high pre-pandemic burnout rates as compared to their urban counterparts. This study aims to understand the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural family physicians engaged in full-time primary care practice in Ontario and the stressors behind any identified challenges. Recruitment combined purposive, convenience, and snowball sampling. Twenty-five rural physicians participated in this study. Participants completed a questionnaire containing Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (depression), General Anxiety Disorder-2 (anxiety), and Perceived Stress Scale-4 (stress) screening as well as questions exploring self-reported perceptions of change in their mental health, followed by a semi-structured virtual interview. Quantitative data showed an overall increase in self-reported depression, anxiety, and stress levels. Thematic analysis revealed seven qualitative themes including the positive and negative psychological impacts on rural physicians, as well as the effects of increased workload, infection risk, limited resources, and strained personal relationships on the mental health of rural physicians. Coping techniques and experiences with physician wellness resources were also discussed. Recommendations include establishing a rapid locum supply system, ensuring rural representation at decision-making tables, and taking an organizational approach to support the mental health of rural physicians.
Understanding the Effects of Music Care on the Lived Experience of Isolation and Loneliness in Long-Term Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Cheetu Sheetal , Medeiros Mara , Winemaker Lauren , Li Maggie , Bartel Lee , Foster Bev , Mackinnon Chelsea
Published: March 2022

This qualitative study aims to understand the lived experience of residents and other stakeholders during the implementation of a comprehensive music program in long-term care. It was conducted using a subset of 15 long-term care homes from the Room 217 Foundation Music Care Partners (MCP) “Grow” study in Ontario, Canada. The MCP program’s approach to music delivery uses therapeutic music practices such as “music care” to improve the care experience for caregivers and residents in long-term care homes. Thirty-two participants were interviewed, including staff, volunteers, and residents. Data were transcribed and analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach based on emergent themes. In total, seven themes arose from the data: limited resources, distinct experiences, life enrichment, dynamic relationships, program flexibility, potential continuity, and enhanced socialization. This study provides insight on barriers, enablers, and outcomes of the MCP program and on key considerations for implementing a novel interdisciplinary music program in a healthcare setting.
Pre-Fermentative Cold Maceration and Native Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts as a Tool to Enhance Aroma and Sensory Attributes of Chardonnay Wine
Authors: Malićanin Marko , Danilović Bojana , Stamenković Stojanović Sandra , Cvetković Dragan , Lazić Miodrag , Karabegović Ivana , Savić Dragiša
Published: March 2022

The oenological potential of native strains of Metschnikowia pulcherrima B-5 and Candida famata WB-1, isolated from blackberries, was investigated in pure and sequential fermentation of Chardonnay grape with commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae QA23. The effect of pre-fermentative cold maceration was also analysed. The fermentations were performed in the pilot-scale trials and the profile of volatile compounds and their sensory characteristics were determined. The application of C. famata WB-1 and M. pulcherrima B-5 reduced the volatile acidity and increased total polyphenols of the wines, compared to the control samples. Higher alcohols and esters were dominant, while fatty acids and aldehydes and ketones were also detected. Esters had the greatest contribution to sensory characteristics, especially the development of floral and fruity aromas. Most esters were present in lower concentrations in sequential fermentations compared to the pure fermentations with M. pulcherrima B-5 or C. famata WB-1. Pre-fermentative maceration positively affected both the aroma and the sensory profile. The best sensory score was determined for wines produced using C. famata WB-1 in the fermentations without pre-fermentative maceration, and the sequential fermentation of M. pulcherrima B-5 with maceration. Native strains of M. pulcherrima B-5 and C. famata WB-1 have shown great potential for the enhancement of the aromatic and sensory profile of Chardonnay wine.
Evaluation of Host Resistance, Hydrated Lime, and Weed Control to Manage Clubroot in Canola
Authors: Hennig Brittany C. , Hwang Sheau-Fang , Manolii Victor P. , Turnbull George , Robinson Samuel V. J. , Strelkov Stephen E.
Published: March 2022

Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. is a soilborne parasite causing clubroot of canola (Brassica napus L.), a serious disease managed mostly by planting clubroot-resistant (CR) cultivars. Recently, new pathotypes of P. brassicae have emerged that overcome resistance, highlighting the need for a greater understanding of resistance stewardship and an integrated approach to clubroot management. Replicated field experiments were conducted in Edmonton, AB, in 2018 and 2019, to evaluate the effect of lime application and weed management on clubroot severity, crop yield and various growth parameters in clubroot-susceptible (CS) and CR canola cultivars. P. brassicae resting spore densities were also monitored by quantitative PCR for each treatment. When hydrated lime was applied to increase the soil pH from initial values of 5.2–5.5 to 7.2, clubroot severity decreased by 34–36% in the CS canola cultivar, while seed yield increased by 70–98%. The application of hydrated lime also resulted in resting spore densities that were 48–80% lower, relative to untreated controls, in plots where the CS cultivar was grown. Lime application or management of weeds did not significantly affect spore densities in plots with the CR cultivar. The results from the field trial suggest that the application of hydrated lime may be a useful strategy to manage clubroot, when used in combination with genetic resistance to reduce disease pressure.
Optimization of the Yield, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Capacity of Basil by Controlling the Electrical Conductivity of the Nutrient Solution
Authors: Ren Xiaowei , Lu Na , Xu Wenshuo , Zhuang Yunfei , Takagaki Michiko
Published: March 2022

Hydroponic cultivation using nutrient solution (NS) is the main cultivation method employed by plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs). The electrical conductivity (EC) of NSs influences the yield and quality of vegetables. The purpose of this study was to optimize the yield and antioxidant accumulation of basil in a PFAL by EC management. In experiment 1, basil plants were grown under four different ECs (0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 dS m−1) after transplanting. At 18 days after treatment, the highest levels of shoot fresh and dry weights, leaf fresh and dry weights, and leaf area were observed at an EC of 3.0 dS m−1. However, low-EC treatments (0.5 and 1.0 dS m−1) generated total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacities that were higher than those of other EC treatments (3.0 and 5.0 dS m−1). In experiment 2, basil plants were grown at an EC of 3.0 dS m−1 for 13 or 15 days, then treated with water or NS with low ECs (0.5 and 1.0 dS m−1) for 5 or 3 days before harvest. The short-term low-EC treatments, especially, water for 3 days and 0.5 dS m−1 for 5 days, significantly increased the TPC and antioxidant capacity of leaves without significantly decreasing the yields of basil, compared with the control. In conclusion, yield of basil was optimized with an EC of 3.0 dS m−1; however, the TPC and antioxidant capacity of basil were significantly increased by low ECs of 0.5 and 1.0 dS m−1. Short-term low-EC treatments (0.5 dS m−1 for 5 days or water for 3 days) could be used to promote the TPC and antioxidant capacity in leaves without sacrificing yield of basil significantly.
Employment, Economic, and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Changes in Smoking and Drinking Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea
Authors: Lee Sun Yeop , Kim Sun , Kim Woong-Han , Heo Jongho
Published: March 2022

The societal disruptions resulting from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have caused changes in smoking and alcohol consumption. Using data from the Koreans’ Happiness Survey, a nationally representative survey in South Korea, we (1) described population-level smoking and drinking behaviors; (2) assessed changes in smoking and drinking behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (3) identified employment, economic, and sociodemographic factors associated with these changes using multinomial logistic regression. The overall amount of smoking and drinking decreased during the pandemic, but the changes were heterogeneous across subgroups. Male gender, receipt of the basic living allowance, self-employment, unemployment, and chronic disease status were associated with increased smoking, while higher household income, temporary worker status, living with someone (versus alone), and having fewer offline friends were associated with decreased smoking. Male gender, self-employment, living alone, having more offline friends, and chronic disease status were associated with increased drinking, while younger age, male gender, low and high household income (i.e., a U-shaped relationship), long-term rent with a deposit, temporary worker status, and chronic disease status were associated with decreased drinking. Our findings provide evidence on changes in smoking and drinking during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea and differential changes across subgroups.
Examining the Temporal and Spatial Models of China’s Circular Economy Based upon Detailed Data of E-Plastic Recycling
Authors: Qi Yu , Gong Ruying , Zeng Xianlai , Wang Junfeng
Published: March 2022

Examining the circular economy model is crucial to enable the scaling up of industry and anthropogenic circularity practice. Electrical and electronic waste plastic (e-plastic) has become the focus of urban mining and circular economy due to its rapid growth, valuable resource and potential risks. This article focuses on the recycling companies’ experience in China from 2012 to 2017. The average recycling rate was 33.3% and the recycling amount in 2017 was 558 kt. A two-dimensional coupling model of economic development and renewable resources is firstly constructed. Eventually, four typical resource-based regional models are summarized, namely for demonstration regional model, commissioned regional model, traditional model and potential regional model. It also puts forward differentiated suggestions in terms of maintaining demonstration, strengthening policies, promoting transformation, and tapping potential. At the same time, it is recommended to explore the construction of large-region resource-based recycling centers and big data centers in resource-based demonstration areas.
Effects of Forest Type on Nutrient Fluxes in Throughfall, Stemflow, and Litter Leachate within Acid-Polluted Locations in Southwest China
Authors: Chen Zhan , Wang Yihao , Chen Ruisi , Ni Xiuya , Cao Jixin
Published: March 2022

Although new inputs of acidic anions are decreasing, soil acidification still deserves more academic attention because of the effects of historical stores of SO42− already absorbed into soils. Forest canopy has large, species-specific effects on rainwater chemistry, for which the hydrological mechanism remains unclear. We investigated precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, and litter leachate across three forest types in a severely acid-polluted site located in Southwest China. Precipitation monitored over 4 months, representing summer, fall, winter, and spring, indicated neutral precipitation in Tieshanping with pH ranging from 6.58–7.33. Throughfall and litter leachate in Pinus massoniana Lamb. stands were enriched with greater cation and anion fluxes, as well as more dissolved organic carbon (DOC) flux. Rainwater from pure stands of Cinnamomum camphora (Linn) Presl yielded lower N and DOC inputs to soils with higher base saturation, which would reduce soil acidification and, therefore, improve the sustainability of forest ecosystems.
How Comorbidities Affect Hospitalization from Influenza in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Mylonakis Sophia C. , Mylona Evangelia K. , Kalligeros Markos , Shehadeh Fadi , Chan Philip A. , Mylonakis Eleftherios
Published: March 2022

Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness and can lead to hospitalization and even death. Understanding how comorbidities affect the severity of influenza can help clinical management. The aim of this study is to offer more information about comorbidities that might be associated with the severity of influenza in children. We used a statewide network in Rhode Island, USA, to extract data for laboratory-confirmed influenza cases among children 19 years old or younger. We identified 1169 lab-confirmed influenza cases. The most common comorbidities were asthma (17.1%), neurodevelopmental disorders (10.3%), gastrointestinal disorders (7.6%), atopic dermatitis (7%), and endocrine and metabolic diseases (6.8%). Interestingly, 80.8% (63 out of 78) of children who had an influenza-related hospital admission had at least one comorbidity, and among hospitalized children with influenza, the most common comorbidities were neurological diseases (28.2%, 22/78), gastrointestinal disorders (25.6%, 20/78), endocrine and metabolic diseases (24.4%, 19/78), and neurodevelopmental disorders (23.1%, 18/78). Children with endocrine or metabolic diseases were 8.23 times more likely to be admitted to the hospital, and children with neurological disorders were 6.35 times more likely to be admitted (OR: 8.23, 95% CI: 4.42–15.32 and OR: 6.35, 95% CI: 3.60–11.24, respectively). In summary, we identified specific comorbidities associated with influenza hospitalization and length of hospital stay, and these groups should be prioritized for public health interventions.
Yield Variation Characteristics of Red Paddy Soil under Long-Term Green Manure Cultivation and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Xie Jun , Liang Feng , Xie Junjie , Jiang Guanjie , Zhang Xinping , Zhang Qin
Published: March 2022

Rice is an important food crop in China, fertilization measures significantly affect soil properties and ultimately change rice yield. Thus, examining the effects of long-term green manure cultivation on the rice yield and the driving factors on rice yield, plays a crucial role in maintaining food security. Based on the long-term green manure cultivation, the treatments included no fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), chemical fertilizer + Chinese milk vetch (NPK + GM), chemical fertilizer + Chinese milk vetch + rice straws (NPK + GM + S), and chemical fertilizer + Chinese milk vetch + pig manure (NPK + GM + M) treatments. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to determine the effects of diverse fertilizer modes on temporal variations in rice yields. The redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to calculate the magnitudes of the effects of soil properties on rice yield. Compared with the CK treatment, four fertilizer treatments led to significantly increased double-season rice yields (116.40–124.49%), with no significant difference between four fertilizer treatments (p> 0.05). There were five soil properties accounting for 66.3% variation in rice yield (p< 0.05), with available potassium (AK) being the most influential factor (32.2% variation), whereas potential of hydrogen (pH), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and soil organic carbon (SOC) accounted for 15.3%, 10.5%, 5.1%, and 3.2% variation in rice yield (p< 0.05), respectively. Thus, SOC, TN, TP, AK, and pH were major factors affecting the double-season rice yield of red paddy soil under long-term green manure cultivation. However, the results suggested that the effect of green manure on soil fertility is limited by the relatively large amount of chemical fertilizer. The results reported herein can not only increase soil fertility and improve the soil ecological environment, but also enhance and stabilize the yields of double-season rice grown in the red paddy soil of southern China.
Antibiogram Screening and Detection of Virulence-Associated Genes in Brucella Species Acquired from Cattle in South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province
Authors: Manafe Rudzani P. , Bhembe-Magadaza Nolwazi L. , Green Ezekiel
Published: March 2022

Brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic illness, and it poses serious public health and economic risks. The purpose of this investigation is to look at the antimicrobial susceptibility of unpasteurized milk, blood, and lymph node specimens from cattle, goats, and sheep, as well as to identify virulence-associated genes. In this investigation, a total of 123 isolates were examined. The activity of 15 antimicrobials against Brucella pathogens were assessed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique. Nine virulence factors were detected with polymerase chain reaction analysis. Five antibiotics were 100% effective against Brucella isolates. A high level of resistance (100%) was documented with streptomycin, penicillin, and seven more antibiotics. Doxycycline resistance was found in 12% of goat isolates, and tetracycline resistance was found in 21% and 44% of goat and sheep isolates, respectively. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index >0.2 was found in 38.2% (47/123) of Brucella isolates. VecC and BetB, two B. abortus genes, were confirmed to be comparable. The findings of this study suggests that Brucella spp. are reservoirs of antibiotic resistance in the Eastern Cape Province. As such, they represent a potential pool of antibiotic genes that might be transferred to other pathogens in the community, and thus continue to pose a healthcare hazard.
Mercury Contamination: A Growing Threat to Riverine and Urban Communities in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Meneses Heloisa do Nascimento de Moura , Oliveira-da-Costa Marcelo , Basta Paulo Cesar , Morais Cristiano Gonçalves , Pereira Romulo Jorge Batista , de Souza Suelen Maria Santos , Hacon Sandra de Souza
Published: March 2022

In recent decades, widespread and uncontrolled use of mercury (Hg) in artisanal small-scale gold mining has released thousands of tons of mercury-contaminated waste in the Amazon biome, endangering the largest tropical rainforest worldwide. In this study, we assessed and compared blood Hg levels in individuals living in urban and riverine areas in the lower Tapajós basin and examined the association between Hg exposure and specific biochemical parameters. In total, 462 adults from eight riverine communities and one urban area were assessed. Overall, 75.6% of the participants exhibited Hg concentrations exceeding the safe limit (10 µg/L). Hg exposure was higher in the riverine population (90%) than in urban areas (57.1%). Mean Hg levels were 21.8 ± 30.9 µg/L and 50.6 µg/L in urban and riverine residents, respectively. The mean Hg level was higher in those aged 41–60 years in both urban and riparian areas, with riparian residents exhibiting a mean double that of urban residents. The highest glucose and hepatic biomarker levels were detected in the urban area, whereas the highest levels of renal biomarker occurred in the riverine population. Our results indicate that Hg contamination remains a persistent challenge for the urban population of Santarém, a major city in the Brazilian Amazon.