bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reinforcement Learning Agent Design and Optimization with Bandwidth Allocation Model
Authors: Reale Rafael Freitas , Martins Joberto S. B.
Published: April 2023

Reinforcement learning (RL) is currently used in various real-life applications. RL-based solutions have the potential to generically address problems, including the ones that are difficult to solve with heuristics and meta-heuristics and, in addition, the set of problems and issues where someintelligent or cognitive approach is required. However, reinforcement learning agents require a not straightforward design and have important design issues. RL agent design issues include the target problem modeling, state-space explosion, the training process, and agent efficiency. Research currently addresses these issues aiming to foster RL dissemination. A BAM model, in summary, allocates and shares resources with users. There are three basic BAM models and several hybrids that differ in how they allocate and share resources among users. This paper addresses the issue of an RL agent designand efficiency. The RL agent’s objective is to allocate and share resources among users. The paper investigates how a BAM model can contribute to the RL agent design and efficiency. The AllocTC-Sharing (ATCS) model is analyticallydescribed and simulated to evaluate how it mimics the RL agent operation and how the ATCS can offload computational tasks from the RL agent. The essential argument researched is whether algorithms integrated with the RL agent design and operation have the potential to facilitate agent design and optimize its execution. The ATCS analytical model and simulation presented demonstrate that a BAM model offloads agent tasks and assists the agent’s design and optimization.
Apprendre l’anatomie radiographique en présentiel ou en ligne ? Une étude randomisée contrôlée
Authors: Hontoir Fanny , Simon Vincent , De Raeve Yves , Dumortier Laurence , Dugdale Alex , Vandeweerd Jean-Michel
Published: April 2023

Résumé

L’enseignement de l’anatomie repose sur diverses techniques: les cours, les dissections, les modèles 3D ou encore les supports en ligne. Ces derniers sont généralement considérés comme des moyens d’apprentissage complémentaires. Cette étude vise à comparer les performances des étudiants vétérinaires (N=83) en anatomie radiographique (radioanatomie) après un apprentissage en ligne ou conventionnel, et de voir dans quelle mesure ces méthodes sont interchangeables. Trois stratégies sont comparées : apprentissage en ligne exclusif, apprentissage en ligne avec des os de chevaux, apprentissage sur radiographies conventionnelles avec des os de chevaux. Les performances au test de rotation mentale et au test de connaissance en radioanatomie sont similaires entre les 3 groupes à la base, lors du test préliminaire. Après l’apprentissage (test final), les scores de rotation mentale et de radioanatomie augment significativement de 6.7/40 points (CI : 5.2–8.2; p < .001) et de 5.1/20 points (CI: 4.3–5.9; p< .001). Il n’y a pas de différence entre les groupes pour les scores de rotation mentale et de radioanatomie après l’apprentissage. Le score de rotation mentale est influencé par le genre, et significativement plus élevé chez les hommes que chez les femmes au test préliminaire (M= 23.0, SD = 8.8 vs. M= 16.5, SD= 6.9; p= .001) et au test final (M= 32.1, SD= 5.5 vs. M= 22.7, SD= 8.6; p< .001). Les performances en radioanatomie ne sont pas influencées par le genre. Ces résultats suggèrent que l’enseignement de la radioanatomie peut être réalisé en présentiel avec des radiographies conventionnelles ou en ligne. Cette interchangeabilité entre apprentissage en présentiel et en distanciel est intéressante au regard des impératifs liés aux crises sanitaires, et des besoins d’adaptation rapide en distanciel.

This translation was provided by the authors. To view the original article visit: https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme-2021-0153
Mekanisme Corporate Governance dan Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Tax Avoidance pada Perusahaan Sektor Pertambangan Batu Bara
Authors: Kirana Alifia Syahdarani , Sundari Siti
Published: April 2023

This study aims to empirically examine the effect of corporate governance mechanisms as proxied by institutional ownership, independent commissioners, and audit committees as well as the implementation of corporate social responsibility on tax avoidance. This research method is descriptive communicative. The research was conducted on coal mining sector companies listed on the IDX for the 2017-2019 period. The research data used is secondary data obtained from the annual report. The research sample is 66 annual reports from 22 coal mining sector companies. The research data was processed and analyzed using SPSS 25 software. The data analysis method used descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The results showed, a) the t-value of institutional ownership was 1.023 with a significance value of 0.310>0.05; b) the t value of the independent board of commissioners is 0.527 with a significance value of 0.600>0.05; c) the audit committee t value is 0.213 with a significance value of 0.832>0.05; d) the t value of CSR is negative at -0.265 with a significance value of 0.792>0.05. In conclusion, the corporate governance mechanism which is proxied by institutional ownership, independent board of commissioners, and audit committee as well as corporate social responsibility does not contribute to tax avoidance in coal mining sector companies listed on the IDX.

 

Keywords: Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility, Independent Board of Commissioners, Institutional Ownership, Audit Committee
Cetuximab-Taxanes-Platinum-Fluorouracil/Capecitabine (C-TPF/C-TPX) – a Feasible Option for Recurrent HNSCC with Negative Prognostic Factors. Literature Review with a Case Presentation
Authors:   University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Romania, MIRESTEAN Camil Ciprian , IANCU Roxana Irina ,   “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, IANCU Dragos Petru Teodor ,   “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, STAN Mihai Cosmin ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Romania, BADULESCU Florinel ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Romania
Published: April 2023

Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy with Cisplatin is the standard treatment for locally advanced non-metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), but induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by chemo-irradiation, even controversial is a widely accepted option, especially in high-risk cases. A regimen including triple association (platinum-taxanes-fluorouracil) is generally considered superior in efficacy, but may be associated with severe toxicity. In the case of recurrence, the options are limited and the prognosis is generally unfavorable. Chemotherapy alone or in combination with an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (Cetuximab), immunotherapy or re-irradiation for selected cases are feasible options in loco-regional or metastatic repalapse. We present a case of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), with negative prognostic and predictive factors multimodally treated with an intensive chemotherapy regimen associating Cetuximab with a median survival higher than the median value reported in most studies. Replacing 5-Floururacil with Capecitabine and Cisplatin with Carboplatin may be an option to increase treatment tolerance and should be evaluated in randomized trials. The use of induction chemotherapy as a “new standard” before radio-chemotherapy for cases with negative prognostic factors should also be the subject of future studies. Re-challenge with platinum is also an option that needs to be re-evaluated.
The Role of Soluble α-klotho Protein in Acromegaly
Authors:   “Iuliu Hatieganu“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, PINZARIU Oana , GEORGESCU Carmen Emanuela ,   “Iuliu Hatieganu“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: April 2023

Soluble α-klotho (sαKl) is an isoform of the α-klotho protein that regulates calcium metabolism but also has anti-aging, anti-apoptotic, and tumor suppressor effects. The assumption that sαKl could inhibit the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway has increased the interest of its research in acromegaly - a pathology characterized by an excess of growth hormone (GH) and IGF-1. This review aimed to identify the role of sαKl in acromegaly. Most studies have identified higher concentrations of sαKl in acromegaly versus non-GH pituitary adenomas (PAs) or healthy subjects. Also, the sαKl level was higher in active acromegaly versus controlled or cured disease. Moreover, sαKl positively correlated with GH, IGF-1, and GH-secreting PA size. The increased level of sαKl seems to be due to the autonomous secretion of GH, considering their drastic decrease after transsphenoidal surgery. The data regarding the relationship between sαKl, age, and gender in acromegaly are inconsistent. The latest research noted a correlation between sαKl and various parameters for monitoring the quality of life in acromegaly. In conclusion, sαKl could reflect the disease activity. Furthermore, sαKl would represent an alternative for monitoring acromegalic patients with discrepancies between IGF-1 and GH.
COGNITIVE METHODOLOGY IN POST-INFORMATION SOCIETIES
Authors:   Інститут соціальної та політичної психології НАПН України, Плющ Олександр
Published: April 2023

У статті представлено методологічний підхід, який дає можливість конструювати інтегративну теорію пізнання у постінформаційних суспільствах. В основі цього підходу лежить бачення тривимірності людського буття: буття – суб'єкт – пізнання, коли суб'єкт пізнання і наявного у нього знання занурений у буття. У зв'язку з цим процес пізнання розглянуто в трьох вимірах: як вилучення суб'єктом із зовнішнього середовища вітально-релевантної для нього інформації; як інтерактивна взаємодія суб'єкта із середовищем, інформаційний обмін, спільне з іншими пізнання світу; як прогнозований і реальний результат цього пізнання. Це дає змогу уявляти потенційні можливості, критично їх оцінювати і на цій основі прогнозувати майбутнє, у тому числі в ситуаціях невизначеності і доленосного вибору. У статті наголошено, що в процесі пізнання, а надто у нових чи драматичних реаліях буття, суб'єкт пізнання завжди шукає нове знання, прагне вирішувати онтологічні проблеми, шукає істину. Показано, що еволюція системи знань, етапи та цілісний процес пізнання організовані за відомою схемою теза – антитеза – синтез, лише синтез, що проходить перевірку на життєздатність та передбачає рефлексію якості цього синтезу. Ця схема відтворюється з організацією процесу пізнання як індивідуальних, і колективних суб'єктів. Окремі системи знань, що починаються як монологічні концептуальні побудови, розгортаються в колективні конструкції, які надалі добудовуються, самоконструюються, вдосконалюються. Рефлексія, розглянута як «пізнання пізнання», передбачає самоорганізацію суб'єкта пізнання як суб'єкта життєдіяльності, що визначає мету пізнання в самому процесі пізнання як екзистенційної практики. Система знань постає як фрактальна конструкція, організація якої змінюється внаслідок саморозвитку суб'єкта пізнання. Фрактальна організація процесу пізнання призводить до того, що попередні етапи пізнання не знищуються наступними, а зберігаються у згорнутому вигляді, щоб повторитися на якісно новому рівні.
Travmatik Hifemada Klinik ve Görsel Prognoza Etki Eden Faktörler
Authors: BURSALI Özlem , DOĞAN Emine , ÖZKAN Nilgün , BAHADIR COŞKUN Şule , ÇELİK Erkan , ALAGÖZ Gürsoy
Published: April 2023

Amaç: Travmatik hifema nedeniyle takip edilen olgularda demografik ve klinik özelliklerin incelenmesi ve görsel prognoza etki eden faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi Gereç -Yöntem: Travmatik hifema tanısıyla takip edilen 48 hastanın dosyaları geriye dönük olarak taranarak; yaş, cinsiyet, yaralanma nedeni, hifema düzeyi, başlangıç en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği (EİDGK), eşlik eden klinik bulgular, son muayenedeki EİDGK incelendi. EİDGK’ne etki eden prognostik faktörler incelendi. Bulgular: Hastaların (38 erkek,10 kadın) yaş ortalaması 39.5±21.6 yıl olup; en sık travma nedeni odun çarpmasına bağlı künt travma (%25) idi. Hifema düzeyi değerlendirildiğinde en sık Evre 1(%41.66) hifema mevcuttu. Travmaya eşlik eden bulgular; 23 gözde (%47.91) kornea epitel defekti,11 gözde (%22.91) iridodiyaliz, 7 gözde (%14,58) fakodonezis,10 gözde (%20.83) vitreus hemorajisi idi. Başvuru anında 35 gözde göz içi basıncı (GİB) yüksek olup medikal tedavi ile kontrol altına alındı, 3 gözde ön kamara lavajı yapılması gerekti. Hastaların başlangıç,1.hafta ve 3.ay EİDGK sırasıyla 1.7 ±0.8; 0.5±0.5; 0.2±0.3 (LogMAR )idi. Hastaların 4’üne ek cerrahi işlem (lens ekstraksiyonu + göz içi mercek implantasyonu ve/veya vitreoretinal cerrahi) gerekti. İridodiyaliz (p=0,023 r= -0,345), fakodonezis (p=0,020,r= -0,347) ve vitreus hemorajisi (p=0,000, r= -0,553) varlığı ile son görme düzeyi arasında negatif korelasyon mevcuttu. Tartışma: Travmatik hifemaya sıklıkla çeşitli ön- arka segment bulguları eşlik etmekte olup; iridodiyaliz, fakodonezis ve vitreus hemorajisi varlığı görme prognozunu olumsuz etkilemektedir.
Digital contents in virtual classrooms. An analysis in Ecuadorian education
Authors: Navarrete Mendieta Ginger , Moreno Briones Angel Luis , Vera Gordillo María Elena , Navarrete Mendieta Byron Francisco
Published: April 2023

With the health crisis that humanity went through with the appearance of Covid-19, many countries are facing a great challenge, which is to be able to achieve the continuation of studies while complying with the social distancing and maintaining the same quality in education. In this sense, technological tools are shown as a means that helps and supports through its various educational programs the teaching-learning processes. The new era of technology forces education to change from its foundations in order to achieve in students an integral formation and as part of it, the ability to learn. The research developed for this proposal was of an exploratory qualitative type, sources were collected from different research works, web pages, articles in which the problem that many teachers have when developing new and practical educational resources was described. This research shows that the use of digital tools in the development of educational resources favors education, making classes more practical, interactive and dynamic.
FORECASTING THE EXCHANGE RATE OF THE UKRAINIAN HRYVNIA USING MACHINE LEARNING METHODS
Authors: Pryimak Vasyl , Bartkiv Bohdan , Holubnyk Olga
Published: April 2023

This article describes the concept of currency exchange rate and the typology of various factors that influence it. A multifactor regression model was constructed to investigate the influence of factors on the exchange rate of the Ukrainian hryvnia and to forecast the dynamics of this rate based on the studied factors using Data Science technologies.

The purpose of this work is to study the peculiarities of the formation of the exchange rate of the Ukrainian hryvnia, the characteristics of the influence of various external factors on this rate, and the creation of an effective forecasting model of the Ukrainian national currency rate, based on a certain number of fundamental financial and economic factors that influence this rate.

Macroeconomic indicators that theoretically have an impact on the dynamics of the currency exchange rate were chosen to build the model. Data on the exchange rate of the Ukrainian hryvnia to the US dollar and economic indicators for selected factors were collected from 2010 to September 2022. During the implementation of the task, the collected data was processed, brought into a uniform form, and normalized. Machine learning methods were used for regression modeling, specifically the XGBoost gradient boosting method.

As a result, a retrospective forecast of the Ukrainian hryvnia exchange rate was obtained, based on factor variables, and an estimate of the impact of each selected feature on the currency exchange rate was calculated. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the application of modern machine learning methods and technologies for the analysis, modeling, and forecasting of the exchange rate of the Ukrainian national currency.

The practical significance of this article lies in the possibility of using the proposed approaches to forecasting the exchange rate of the Ukrainian hryvnia with the use of machine learning methods by all interested parties, including financial institutions of Ukraine, to achieve stability of the national currency, which in turn will affect the development of the national economy as a whole and the welfare of the population of the country.
ПСИХІЧНІ РОЗЛАДИ ОСОБИСТОСТІ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ПОСТАНОВКИ ПРОБЛЕМИ
Authors: СПИЦЬКА Ліана
Published: April 2023

Метою науково-дослідної роботи було визначення особливостей зовнішніх рушійних чинників, що призводять до розвитку деструктивних новоутворень в психічній діяльності особистості, а також виявлення внутрішніх детермінант, які провокують порушення у поведінковій та когнітивно-емоційній сферах людини. У роботі використано методи аналітичного дослідження вивчення проблеми психічних розладів особистості та змістовний аналіз психотерапевтичної допомоги в лікуванні порушення діяльності психіки. Отримані результати наукового дослідження значущі для працівників психологічної сфери, а також для педагогів та соціальних організацій для комплексного розуміння симптоматики й перебігу психічних розладів особистості та напрямків терапії.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ЖЕРТВАМ ШКІЛЬНОГО БУЛІНГУ
Authors: ПОПЕЛЮШКО Роман
Published: April 2023

Стаття присвячена актуальній проблемі шкільного насильства у міжособистісних стосунках в освітньому просторі. У статті пропонується огляд проявів булінгу в поведінці школяра, характерних особливостей шкільного булінгу та його вплив на розвиток особистості дитини. Описано спільні ознаки антибулінгових програм які застосовуються в різних країнах світу. Автором обґрунтовано те, що особливостями психологічної допомоги жертвам шкільного булінгу є дотримання психологом зазначеного алгоритму спілкування та етапів проведення бесіди з дитиною жертвою чи свідком насильницьких дій.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ ТА ПРОЯВУ НЕГАТИВНИХ ПСИХОЕМОЦІЙНИХ СТАНІВ У СТУДЕНТІВ-ПЕРШОКУРСНИКІВ
Authors: ВАСИЛЕНКО Олена , КАЛИНЮК Наталія
Published: April 2023

У статті уточнено сутність понять «стан особистості», «психоемоційний стан», «негативний психоемоційний стан»; виявлено існуючі проблеми розвитку негативних психоемоційних станів у студентської молоді під час навчання в закладі освіти; діагностовано особливості розвитку та прояву негативних психоемоційних станів у студентів-першокурсників спеціальності «Психологія» Хмельницького національного університету. Авторками статті розроблено та обґрунтовано методи і прийоми нейтралізації негативних психоемоційних станів у студентів як чинника самозбереження їхнього здоров’я.
ПОСТТРАВМАТИЧНЕ ЗРОСТАННЯ, ЯК ОСНОВА ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО СУПРОВОДУ ВЕТЕРАНІВ РОСІЙСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ: ОГЛЯД ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ
Authors: ХАРИТОНОВА Наталя
Published: April 2023

У статті аналізується феномен посттравматичного зростання (ПТЗ). Спроба концептуалізації дефініцій, які розкривають суть ПТЗ в стаття, має на меті впорядкувати термінологію. Надається огляд існуючих моделей посттравматичного зростання як ефективного інструменту при психологічному супроводі ветеранів російсько-української війни: функціонально-дескриптивна модель R.G. Tedeschi та L.G. Calhoun; особистісно-центрована модель S. Josef; біопсихосоціальна модель М. Christopher; психолого-філософська модель R. Papadopulos. Окреслено ряд поглядів стосовно можливостей впровадження теорії ПТЗ у психологічний супровід із ветеранами, учасниками бойових дій, військовими тощо.
The impact of the social grants programme on household vulnerability to food insecurity in South Africa: application of a two-stage least squares and implications
Authors: Mthethwa Sandile , Wale Edilegnaw
Published: April 2023

Although South Africa has an adequate food supply nationally, household level food insecurity is still prevalent. One well-known social security intervention, the South African social grant programme, aims to provide financial relief to food-insecure households. However, there is lack of empirical evidence on how deep and broad the food security impact of this programme has been. Employing data from a nationally representative sample and using the instrumental variable method, the study examines this issue by measuring the resilience these households have towards vulnerability to food insecurity. The findings revealed that households receiving social grants are vulnerable to food insecurity. Chronic food insecurity prevails in rural-dominated provinces, while urban-dominated provinces mostly have transient food insecurity. Although this programme targets the poor, its unintended negative impact on economic activities would require policy priority. People with disabilities, female-dominated rural households, and environmentally friendly economic activities should all be prioritised in policy.
Does the Local Economic Development (LED) agenda have a role in the management of Human remains in Gauteng and Mbombela?
Authors: Maphela Bulelwa
Published: April 2023

The management of human remains is under scrutiny due to the proliferation of funeral homes in township communities and growing environmental concerns. Operationalising a funeral business requires a certificate of competency (CoC), and it falls under the ambit of the local government, via Municipal Health Services (MHS) (Balfour, 2021). This article infers that since MHS and LED offices are under the same local government (which seeks to drive development within communities), these departments may find a workable solution for this business. However, emerging funeral directors are not knowledgeable about LED’s role in their space, while local economic developers do not know how to engage with this sector. This study aims to establish the reasons behind the challenges of compliance experienced by emerging funeral directors, and the role of MHS and LED offices, which hold the mandate to promote an enabling environment for emerging businesses.
ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH VARYING DEGREES OF INITIATIVE
Authors:   Russian Academy of Education, Mishina G. A. , Dovolnova I. V. ,   Odintsovo Center for the Development of Culture
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The time of socio-economic changes in modern society requires active participation of a person in all areas of life. Therefore, self-realization in all types of cultural practices is an important objective at all stages of education. The problem of self-realization becomes particularly relevant for the elementary school student, when they master a new activity, i.e., learning. On the one hand, modern elementary school students strive for independence and autonomy, on the other hand, they are ready to adapt to circumstances and obey them in problem situations. Thus, it is logical to ask how to preserve individuality within the framework of acquiring cultural experience; how to teach to meet the requirements of an environment and be proactive. The study aims to examine the zone of proximal development in younger students with varying degrees of initiative in a learning experiment (by type of assistance). The term “initiative” is understood as a personal quality including emotional, communicative, creative, and cognitive blocks, which manifest themselves in a problem situation. Methods. The study relies on the method of diagnostic learning experiment and the method of correlation analysis. Results. The study indicates that different types of education are available to children with varying degrees of initiative. The children with low indicators of initiative are shown to have a narrower zone of proximal development compared to that in the children with an average degree of initiative; the zone of proximal development in children with high initiative is closest to actual development. Conclusion. The results of the study expand the understanding of the personal development in the elementary school students in the context of the theory of developmental learning.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR FAMILIES RAISING CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Authors:   Ural State Pedagogical University, Nugaeva O. G. , Trufanova G. K. ,   Ural State Pedagogical University, Asmus E. O. ,   Irbit School Implementing Adapted Basic General Education Programs
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The paper discusses approaches to understanding the concept of “psychological support” from different scientific viewpoints. The results of an experimental study aimed at examining the parent-child relations and psycho-emotional state of parents raising children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are presented. Materials and methods. The study relies on the methods and techniques designed to assess the characteristics of parent-child relations in families bringing up children with ASD and to determine the psycho-emotional state of parents of children with ASD. The diagnostic tools used are the questionnaire of parental attitude (authors A. Ya. Varga, V. V. Stolin, interpreted by E. I. Rogov), the questionnaire “Motivation for success and fear of failure (MSF)” (A. A. Rean), and the methodology “Depression Scale” (author V. Zung, adapted by T. I. Balashova). Results. Based on the analysis of national and international research and empirical data obtained, a program of psychological support for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders is proposed. The paper presents the forms of work, which were implemented in the program and organized by the psychologist in large and small parent groups, as well as general issues discussed in groups. Data on changes in indicators of parent-child relations and psycho-emotional state of parents are presented. Discussion and conclusion. The study confirms the necessity to provide comprehensive psychological assistance and support to families with children with autism spectrum disorder, and to search for internal resources. The effectiveness of the proposed program of psychological support for families raising children with autism spectrum disorders has been proved.
The Effect of Distraction With Watching Cartoons on the Level of Pain at Preparation Before Suturing Children in the Emergency Ward
Authors:   Student Research Comittee, Mazandaran Univeresity of Medical Science, Sari, Iran., Arab-Larimi Mohanna , Bagheri-Nesami Masoumeh ,   Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran., Fakhri Moloud ,   Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran., Moosazadeh Mahmood ,   Health Science Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
Published: April 2023

Background: Distraction is a technique that has had positive effects on reducing children’s pain in painful interventions, such as venipuncture, and replacing the burn dressing. Based on the available data, very few articles exist about the application of this technique when suturing children. Objectives: This study was designed to determine the effect of distraction by watching cartoons on the level of pain during preparation before suturing children in the emergency ward. Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial. The research population included all children aged 3-12 years who were referred to the emergency ward of Bu Ali Sina Hospital in Sari City, Iran. Forty-three subjects were selected from each group. In the intervention group, playing cartoons on the tablet was initiated from the time of placing the child on the bed for suturing, and continued until the end of the anesthetic injection, and this time was recorded. In the control group, the suturing was performed conventionally. The behavioral reactions of both groups were measured twice based on the pain behavioral reactions scale. The first time was when the child was placed on the bed and before cleaning for the anesthetic agent, while the second time was observed and recorded by the researcher immediately after injecting the anesthetic agent. Results: The comparison of mean pain before injecting the anesthetic agent (after playing the cartoon) showed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups based on Mann-Whitney test (P=0.0001). The comparison of mean pain immediately after termination of anesthetic injection also showed a significant difference in both the intervention and control groups based on the Mann-Whitney test (P=0.0001). Based on the results of the present research, the pain in the intervention group was less before the anesthetic injection and less in the control group immediately after the injection. Conclusions: The results suggested that distraction from watching cartoons has a positive effect on reducing the pain of preparation before suturing children. Therefore, this technique can be used in emergency departments.
Effect of Hypnosis in Adolescents: A Narrative Review
Authors:   Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran., Rashidi Fakari Farzaneh , Atarodi Kashani Zahra ,   Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran., Alizadeh Shiva ,   Department of Midwifery, Zeynab School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Talebi Afsaneh ,   Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Pakzad Reza ,   Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran., Abdi Fatemeh ,   Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Published: April 2023

Background: More than half of reproductive-age women experience dysmenorrhea, which can reduce their quality of life. The treatment options for dysmenorrhea are medications and alternative therapies. The tendency to use alternative therapies, such as hypnotherapy has increased. Objectives: This study aimed to carry out a narrative review to evaluate the effect of hypnosis on dysmenorrhea in adolescents. Methods: EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane library ProQuest and clinicaltrials.gov were searched up to 2021 using the following keywords “dysmenorrhea”, “hypnosis”. The quality of studies was assessed by Cochrane collaboration’s tool and the risk of bias in the non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Results: Nine studies with a sample size of 5203 participants were included. The hypnosis intervention similar to drug therapy was effective in reducing the intensity of dysmenorrhea and improving the women’s quality of life. Dysmenorrhea pain scores in hypnosis and drug therapy groups were significantly lower than those at baseline, but pain scores in the drug therapy group were significantly lower than in the hypnosis group. Conclusions: Hypnosis can provide lasting pain relief compared to NSAIDs. Therefore, it is recommended that hypnosis as a complementary or alternative therapy reduce the intensity of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.
Cytokines, Minerals, Total Antioxidant Capacity, Nitric Oxide, and Salivary Characteristics as Biomarkers Associated With Early Childhood Caries: A Narrative Review
Authors:   Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Salehabadi Negareh , Moallem Savasari Aaryousha ,   Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Nahvi Azam ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Published: April 2023

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the multifactorial, acute, and progressive types of tooth decay. Some salivary biomarkers are associated with this disease. Objectives: The data we used in our review were searched from articles published between 1950 to 2021 and using early childhood caries (ECC), children, saliva, salivary biomarkers, salivary characteristics, salivary minerals, cytokines, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and nitric oxide (NO) as keywords, collected from official web pages (Scopus, PubMed, Embase and Google scholar) and documents published from different international institutions. Methods: The search was limited to articles published in the English language. After the abstract screening, the full text of 194 relevant studies was reviewed. Finally, 101 relevant studies were selected. Results: Cytokines with the potential to affect ECC include interleukin (IL)-1 (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), a soluble cluster of differentiation (sCD)14-cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), CD63 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The minerals associated with the ECC are calcium (Ca), phosphate (PO43-), fluoride (F), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and lead (Pb). Conclusions: Some characteristics of saliva that seem to concern ECC include salivary pH, salivary total protein, salivary total lipid, salivary buffering capacity, and saliva flow rate. Other vital factors observed to have significant effects on the ECC process involve total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and nitric oxide (NO).
Apresentação
Authors:   Carla Viana Dendasck, Nunes Josué Ribeiro da Silva ,   Anísio Francisco Soares,   Cláudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos Dias,   Josué Ribeiro da Silva Nunes
Published: April 2023

Nós temos o prazer de apresentar a série de atualizações sobre as diferentes áreas de conhecimento e se alegra por esse feito. O conhecimento não para de crescer e avançar, e entendendo o desafio e a necessidade de tornar público e acessível para a sociedade em geral foi criada a série de “Atualizações”. Pode-se afirmar que dentre as diferentes áreas do conhecimento as Ciências Biológicas estão entre aquelas que mais avançam dentro de suas diferentes divisões. Compreender e pesquisar: microbiologia, biologia celular, genética, botânica, vertebrados, ecologia, fisiologia vegetal e animal, anatomia vegetal e animal e invertebrados, entre outros, é um trabalho árduo, mas que é realizado com muito entusiasmo. Sendo assim, apresentamos este E-book com capítulos que evidenciam as atualizações nesta área do conhecimento e escritos de forma que podem ser compreendidos pela população em geral. Assim apresentamos a área de ciências Biológicas nesse volume contemplando assuntos de Biotecnologia, Imunologia, Células Tronco, Zoologia, Avifauna, Interação ave-planta. Desejamos que todos possam acessar, ler e divulgar o conteúdo aqui compartilhado, sejam bem-vindos e bem-vindas ao mundo do conhecimento das Ciências Biológicas, fiquem à vontade.
Peculiarities of Financial Relations of the Territorial Communities in Ukraine
Authors:   Research Centre for Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine, Murakhovska Oksana Ye.
Published: April 2023

Financial provision is one of the important elements of community resource provision. There is quite a number of bases of financial resources that territorial communities can take from, therefore, for their effective use, it is advisable to classify them, establish the appropriate features, and the possibilities of use them rationally. Currently, it is important for communities to be able to form the necessary amount of financial resources that will allow them to be financially capable. Also important is the legally defined powers of communities within which they carry out their activities and use accumulated funds. The publication analyzes the peculiarities of the formation of financial relations in territorial communities of Ukraine. The corresponding shortcomings in shaping the financial capacity of communities are singled out. The sources of filling the community budget are analyzed. It is found that today the majority of territorial communities need to provide appropriate investment financing of their projects for their sustainable development. Sources of filling financial resources of territorial communities are identified. It is proved that the main financial source of the territorial budgets is the activities of small and medium-sized businesses located in communities. It is determined that for the effective implementation of measures for the socioeconomic development of communities, the principle of their autonomy in matters of budget and tax activities should be implemented. The main directions of influence of financial decentralization on the socioeconomic development of the regions is formed. Based on the identified directions of development of territorial communities, the importance of public participation in decision-making on the implementation of projects on sustainable development of communities is determined. The need to form a favorable image of the territorial community, thanks to which it is possible to attract investment funds for the implementation of community development projects, is proved.
Innovative Transformation of the Post-War Economy of the Regions of Ukraine: The Prospects for the Integration of Education, Science, and Business
Authors:   Lutsk National Technical University, Vakhovych Iryna M. , Matrunchyk Dmytro M. ,   Lutsk National Technical University
Published: April 2023

The theoretical-methodological basis for the integration of education, science and production as a basic prerequisite for the innovative transformation of the post-war economy of the regions of Ukraine is formed, providing for the restoration of manufacturing, infrastructure and residential objects destroyed by the warfare, the formation of modern poles of growth of regional economic complexes and the creation of a favorable living environment (raising social standards and improving the quality of the environment) on innovative principles. Studies have shown that the recovery of the personnel and material-technical potential of educational institutions and scientific institutions, as well as the restoration of the pre-crisis interconnection of these institutions with enterprises of the real sector of the economy, is of paramount importance in developing promising directions for innovative transformation of the post-war economy. Programming of priorities of innovative transformation of the post-war economy of the regions should be based on the identification of territorial heterogeneity of the level of research and innovation component of the development of regional economic complexes through the calculation of the integral index of innovative transformation of the regional economy, which is determined on the basis of a number of individual indices of scientific research and innovation activity. The results of the calculation of the integral index of innovative transformation of the regional economy in 2017–2020 showed that a relatively high level of development of research and innovation components of the development of regional economic complexes is observed only in the Kharkiv region, where an extensive network of research institutions and educational institutions is concentrated, most of which have actively cooperated and continue to cooperate with industrial enterprises. Studies have shown that in most regions of Ukraine in 2017–2020 there was a relatively low level of development of research and innovation components of territorial socioeconomic systems. It is found that the positioning of the regions of Ukraine in the pre-war period (2017–2020) in terms of the level of development of research and innovation components of regional reproduction should be a prerequisite for differentiation of instruments and methods of innovative transformation of the post-war economy of the regions of Ukraine, which will ensure the restoration of residential, infrastructure and industrial facilities destroyed by the war and create new poles of economic growth on an innovative and technological basis.
Digitalization of the Audit of Enterprises of Public Interest in the Conditions of the Inclusive Economy
Authors:   State University of Trade and Economics / Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Fedorov Ihor O. , Nazarova Karina O. ,   State University of Trade and Economics / Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Nezhyva Mariia O. ,   State University of Trade and Economics / Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Mysiuk Viktoriia O. ,   State University of Trade and Economics / Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
Published: April 2023

The article is aimed at researching the influence of digitalization and Internet connectivity on the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. The information basis of the research is the study of official information and periodicals. The following methods were used in the research: analysis, synthesis; system analysis; graphical method. It is specified that Internet connectivity is part of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. Access to the Internet is not a privilege or a luxury, but rather a necessity for economic development. Internet accessibility has become a priority for consumers, governments, and businesses. Increasing the Internet penetration level to enclose up to 75% of the population in all developing countries would add $2 trillion to their combined GDP and would create more than 140 million jobs worldwide. Bringing Internet access to everyone around the world is one of the most important goals and digital challenges facing global society. Among the main trends that will stimulate the development of Internet penetration and the smooth transition of business to the online mode of operation, we can highlight the following: an increase in the share of the middle class of the population; an increase in the share of Internet users among the population older than 50 years; urbanization processes. It is concluded that the business and economy of the future will undeniably benefit from the arrival of the next billion Internet users by positioning themselves to be able to reach these digital consumers and meet their specific needs. The global processes that are taking place around the transition of the economy to the online mode imply the presence of both opportunities and challenges.
Modeling of Price Changes for Standard Rooms in Polish Hotels (Krakow)
Authors:   Dnipro Humanities University, Lysenko Olena V.
Published: April 2023

The tendencies in the development of the hotel industry in Europe and in Poland in particular are analyzed. Extensive and relevant statistical material was taken from booking sites as of November 2022. Most often, the analysis of economic tendencies in the development of the hotel industry is based on expert assessments or statistical data from travel agencies. The conducted analysis is based on mathematical modeling and the use of Microsoft Excel mathematical and statistical tools. The world market of hotel services is constantly changing, has a dynamic structure, develops in interaction with other markets of goods and services, is influenced by the market environment. Therefore, modern hotels have to adapt to a new type of tourists with rather high requirements for accommodation conditions. In Europe, there is a tendency to stay in 1* and 2* hotels. The study covers data from the Polish city of Krakow. These data represent the spatial series, on the basis of which regression mathematical models are built for evaluating the tendencies of changes in the level of prices for the corresponding hotel rooms. The series are spatial because the data are collected at a specific point in time, but from different objects located geographically at different points. The built models are not representative, but they provide an opportunity to assess the tendencies of price growth or decline and the possibility of entering into crisis economic occurrences. The work is devoted to the analysis of tendencies of changes in hotel room prices and the evaluation of these changes using the construction of regression economic-mathematical models of space and time series. The relevance and significance of the study lies in the analysis and assessment of price tendencies for standard hotel rooms in the popular segment of 1* and 2* hotels in Poland. This country is Ukraine’s closest neighbor, therefore the study of economic trends in the development of its hotel industry is relevant not only for tendencies in Europe, but also for the future of the hotel segment of our country. The conducted analysis showed the presence of a mathematically defined tendency towards a moderate increase in prices for «standard» hotel rooms. The price function for these hotel rooms is an increasing one, but it does not cross the growth limit of the corresponding exponential function built on the same spatial number series. But such a tendency should not lead to any crisis occurrences in the hotel sector of Poland
Actual Issues of Preparation of Medical Force and Means of Service of Disaster Medicine of Altay Region within the Framework of the Command-Staff and Tactical-Special Exercises
Authors:   Altay Regional Center for Disaster Medicine KGBUZ “Emergency Station”, Barnaul, Russian Federation, Zimina E.V. ,   Altay State Medical University, Barnaul, Russian Federation
Published: April 2023

Summary. Investigation purposes – to make reasonable a usage of equipment report card of specialized medical-nurses teams (MNT) of Service of disaster medicine (SDM) of Altay region (Service), made for elimination of medical-sanitary consequences of emergency situations (ES), including cases of conducting antiterrorists operations; to teach specialists, according to crated situation exercises, from Service a skills of medical sorting conduction of victims and injured with gunshot and shrapnel wounds in the conditions of field medical sorting point (FMSP). Materials and methods of investigation. Investigation materials – normative legal acts in the spere of organization and conducting of antiterrorists exercises with attracting of forces and means of SDM, including material of inter-department work group which leads by deputy Governor of Altay region. Legislative and regulatory framework were analyzed. Experience of conducting a command-staff exercises (CSE) and elimination of medical-sanitary losses, including losses in case of antiterrorists operations, was researched. It allowed to assess a system of medical treatment provision and to develop a complex of measures for Service improvement. During summarizing of exercises results of the intermediaries reference was analyzed. Investigation results and their analysis. During the exercise to eliminate a medical-sanitary consequences of ES a work of Service forces and measures in pre-hospital periods was organized; FMSP was deployed; Ensuring of temporary medical points for providing round-the-clock urgent medical help in the points of temporary placement (PTP) of population by the forces of SDM was provided for; Provision of psychological help was ensured by specialists from Altay region clinical psychiatrist hospital named after Y.K. Ardman. In addition, members of unregular former of Altay region bureau of forensic medical examination were on alert. This way, all forces and measures of SDM were ready for the elimination of medical-sanitary consequences of ES according to the plan for municipal formers.