bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Военно-политические аспекты субрегиональной интеграции в Европе
Authors: Надточей Юрий Иванович
Published: March 2017

В европейской политике с каждым годом играют все более важную роль субрегиональные объединения. Они включают в себя территориально близко расположенные и тесно связанные в историческом, экономическом и культурном отношении страны Европы. Этим продиктована необходимость их более глубокого и всестороннего исследования.  Одной из важных и недостаточно изученных сфер деятельности субрегиональных объединений стран зарубежной Европы является область безопасности и обороны. В исследовании описывается панорамная картина деятельности подобных объединений в условиях меняющейся геополитической ситуации в Европе, дается характеристика конкретных форм субрегионального сотрудничества в отдельных ее частях. При этом взаимодействие государств внутри описываемых субрегиональных группировок рассматривается в более широких масштабах европейской и евроатлантической интеграции.

Выделяются новые тенденции в развитии субрегионального сотрудничества на фоне усиливающихся центробежных тенденций внутри Европейского союза. Все более отчетливые очертания обретает процесс постепенного группирования государств, ставящих целью решение общих для них проблем в области безопасности, обороны, военно-политического и военно-технического сотрудничества. Такие группировки и входящие в них страны формируют особую субрегиональную оборонную идентичность, которая развивается параллельно интеграционным процессам на уровне панъевропейских организаций. Автор отмечает, что данный процесс не приведет к вытеснению на периферию европейской системы безопасности ни ЕС, ни НАТО.

С точки зрения обеспечения интересов России в области ее безопасности представляется целесообразным учитывать фактор субрегионального военно-политического сотрудничества в Европе в процессе реализации Россией своего внешнеполитического курса на европейском направлении.
Возможности использования семантических информационных сервисов в музейном деле (на примере Музея истории ПетрГУ)
Authors: Яловицына Светлана Эрккиевна , Волохова Валентина Владимировна , Корзун Дмитрий Жоржевич , Варфоломеев Алексей Геннадьевич
Published: March 2017

В статье представлен авторский подход к развитию Музея истории Петрозаводского государственного университета на основе такого вида цифровых услуг для посетителей и музейных работников, как семантические информационные сервисы. Мотивом к реализации семантических сервисов в деятельности музея стала необходимость контекстного поиска информации в музейном фонде, а также использования потенциала посетителей в пополнении фонда ранее не задействованной в экспозиции информацией и новыми экспонатами, в том числе в электронном виде. 

Предложены сценарии использования сервисов, показывающие, какую информационную поддержку можно обеспечить в музее для: 1) отбора экспонатов для новых экспозиций, 2) персонализированного предоставления информации об экспонатах посетителю, 3) получения от посетителей музея новой информации о хранимых музейных экспонатах, 4) пополнения фонда музея за счет новых экспонатов в электронном виде, полученных от посетителей.

Основой предлагаемых сервисов является создаваемая в музее семантическая сеть, объединяющая как сами экспонаты музейного фонда, так и иные информационные объекты, связанные с конкретными экспонатами и историей университета и образования в целом. Особым вниманием при создании онтологии семантической сети пользуются у авторов информационные объекты, связанные с повседневной жизнью университетского сообщества.

Представленный подход может быть интересен не только музейным работникам, но и профессиональным исследователям, заинтересованным в получении и изучении новых фактов из истории повседневной жизни образовательно-научной организации. 
Патриотизм
Authors: Селиверстова Нина Анатольевна , Курганская Марина Яковлевна
Published: March 2017

Энциклопедическая статья в рамках электронной энциклопедии «Социология молодежи». Охарактеризованы основные российские определения патриотизма, включая их отражение в теориях патриотизма русских религиозных мыслителей, дореволюционных российских философов, писателей и публицистов, современных российских исследователей. Выявлено содержание термина в тезаурусной концепции гуманитарного знания.

Патриотизм показан в тесной связи с историческим сознанием молодого поколения.
Существует ли информация в неживой природе?
Authors: Плешкевич Евгений Александрович
Published: March 2017

Известным отечественным ученым К. К. Колиным в 2000-х годах была разработана материально-информационная концепция реальности, обосновывающая существование определенного промежуточного мира между природой и человеком, в котором еще нет жизни, но уже есть идеальное, а значит, и информация. В качестве доказательства он предлагает провести мыслительный эксперимент со столкновением двух шаров разной плотности. В результате столкновения на одном из шаров образуется вмятина, которая отражает геометрическую форму второго шара. Эта вмятина, по мнению Колина, является идеальным и реальным объектом одновременно и фактом своего существования доказывает существование информации в неживой природе. Данная концепция призвана подтвердить атрибутивный взгляд на природу информации.

В результате повторного проведения данного мыслительного эксперимента по столкновению шаров мы получили другие результаты. В частности взаимодействие шаров носило исключительно материально-энергетический характер, а его результаты стали отображением физических свойств объектов. Иными словами, идеально-реальные объекты в эксперименте не обнаружены. Таким образом, существование информации в неживой природе продолжает оставаться не доказанным. 
The development of cell-adhesive hydrogel for 3D printing
Authors: Arai Kenichi , Tsukamoto Yoshinari , Yoshida Hirotoshi , Sanae Hidetoshi , Mir Tanveer Ahmad , Sakai Shinji , Yoshida Toshiko , Okabe Motonori , Nikaido Toshio , Taya Masahito , Nakamura Makoto
Published: March 2017

Biofabrication has gained tremendous attention for manufacturing functional organs or tissues. To fabricate functional organs or tissues, it is necessary to reproduce tissue-specific micro to macro structures. Previously, we developed a custom-made 3D-bioprinter with the capability to print and fabricate 3D complicated hydrogel structures composed of living cells. Through the gelation reaction, fine and complicated 3D gel structures can be fabricated via layer by layer printing. Alginate hydrogel has been used mainly due to its good fabricating properties. However, it is not a reliable platform for tissue regeneration because of its inadequate cell-adhesiveness. Therefore, our laboratory is interested to explore more suitable hydrogels for bioprinting and 3D tissue fabrication. In this study, we tried to fabricate 3D gel structures with enough cell-adhesive properties. We focused on hydrogel formation through enzymatic reaction by incorporating materials bearing phenolic hydroxyl moieties and horseradish peroxidase. We examined Alg-Ph and Alg-Ph/Gelatin-Ph gels. We used a mixed solution of applied materials as bioink and printed into H2O2 solution. We successfully fabricated the 3D gel sheet structures including fibroblasts cultures. Fibroblast proliferation and viability were also observed in the 3D gel sheet for more than one week. In conclusion, the hydrogel obtained through enzymatic reaction is a biocompatible bioink material which can be applied to fabricate 3D cell-adhesive gel structures using a 3D-bioprinter.
Advancing cancer research using bioprinting for tumor-on-a-chip platforms
Authors: Knowlton Stephanie , Joshi Ashwini , Yenilmez Bekir , Ozbolat Ibrahim Tarik , Chua Chee Kai , Khademhosseini Ali , Tasoglu Savas
Published: March 2017

There is an urgent for a novel approach to cancer research with 1.7 million new cases of cancer occurring every year in the United States of America. Tumor models offer promise as a useful platform for cancer research without the need for animal models, but there remains a challenge to fabricate a relevant model which mimics the structure, function and drug response of human tumors. Bioprinting can address this need by fabricating three-dimensional constructs that mimic tumor heterogeneity, vasculature and spheroid structures. Furthermore, bioprinting can be used to fabricate tissue constructs within microfluidic platforms, forming “tumor-on-a-chip” devices which are ideal for high-throughput testing in a biomimetic microenvironment. Applications of tumors-on-a-chip include facilitating basic research to better understand tumor development, structure and function as well as drug screening to improve the efficiency of cancer drug discovery.
Osteosarcoma growth on trabecular bone mimicking structures manufactured via laser direct write
Authors: Malayeri Atra , Sherborne Colin , Paterson Thomas , Mittar Shweta , Asencio Ilida Ortega , V. Hatton Paul , Claeyssens Frederik
Published: March 2017

 This paper describes the direct laser write of a photocurable acrylate-based PolyHIPE (High Internal Phase Emulsion) to produce scaffolds with both macro- and microporosity, and the use of these scaffolds in osteosarcoma-based 3D cell culture. The macroporosity was introduced via the application of stereolithography to produce a classical “woodpile” structure with struts having an approximate diameter of 200 μm and pores were typically around 500 μm in diameter. The PolyHIPE retained its microporosity after stereolithographic manufacture, with a range of pore sizes typically between 10 and 60 μm (with most pores between 20 and 30 μm). The resulting scaffolds were suitable substrates for further modification using acrylic acid plasma polymerisation. This scaffold was used as a structural mimic of the trabecular bone and in vitro determination of biocompatibility using cultured bone cells (MG63) demonstrated that cells were able to colonise all materials tested, with evidence that acrylic acid plasma polymerisation improved biocompatibility in the long term. The osteosarcoma cell culture on the 3D printed scaffold exhibits different growth behaviour than observed on tissue culture plastic or a flat disk of the porous material; tumour spheroids are observed on parts of the scaffolds. The growth of these spheroids indicates that the osteosarcoma behave more akin to in vivo in this 3D mimic of trabecular bone. It was concluded that PolyHIPEs represent versatile biomaterial systems with considerable potential for the manufacture of complex devices or scaffolds for regenerative medicine. In particular, the possibility to readily mimic the hierarchical structure of native tissue enables opportunities to build in vitro models closely resembling tumour tissue.
Sputum versus bronchial washings for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis- a prospective study of 53 patients
Authors: Patel Dharmeshkumar , Kamdar Deepali J.
Published: March 2017

Background: Tuberculosis is a major global public health problem. It is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis and it is a leading cause of death in developing countries like India. WHO recommends the detection of acid fast bacilli in sputum as the initial diagnosis of pulmonary TB. Tuberculosis is spread from person to person through air by droplet nuclei. So, early detection and prompt treatment of tuberculosis is main cornerstone to prevent transmission into community. Bronchial washing is very helpful for early detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis.Methods: This is a prospective study of 53 sputum smear negative patients underwent for bronchoscopy. After a detailed medical history and physical examination, Patients with a negative sputum smear AFB examination and a strong clinco-radiological suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis were then counseled, consented and subjected to fiber-optic bronchoscopy with bronchial washings and bronchial biopsy in case of endobronchial lesions.Results: Our study showed mean age of patient is about 43.49 year and has predominantly male patients. Most cardinal symptoms were fever (83%) and cough (74%). Most radiological findings were consolidation and cavity lesion accordingly. Sputum culture was positive in 14 (26%) patients out of 53 patients and bronchial washing smear positive for AFB in 30 (57%) patients and bronchial washing culture positive for AFB in 40 (75%) patients out of 53 patients.Conclusions: Bronchial washings analysis for detection of AFB is much more reliable in comparison to direct smear microscopy and direct sputum culture examination.
Early detection with renal Doppler resistive index measurements of hemorrhagic shock in polytrauma patients
Authors: Yeslawath Nitishkumar Dhanajirao
Published: March 2017

Background: Poly trauma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. The aim was to investigate whether renal Doppler RI changes occur early with posttraumatic bleeding and whether the renal Doppler RI may enable accurate prediction of occult hypoperfusion and thus be predictive of the development of hemorrhagic shock in polytrauma patients.Methods: It was a prospective study involving patients admitted in the causality and evaluated by radiology department. Study was done in a period of 6 months from June 2016-December 2016.  Renal Doppler RI was measured in 48 hemodynamically stable adult patients admitted in emergency because of polytrauma.Results: 26 patients developed hemorrhagic shock, and 22 did not. Hemorrhagic shock group, as compared with the nonhemorrhagic shock group, had higher renal Doppler RI (mean, 0.79±0.11 [standard deviation] vs 0.61±0.2; P<0.01), injury severity score (mean, 33±12 vs 25±9; P<0.01), and standard base excess (mean, -4.0mEq/L±4 vs 1mEq/L±3; P≤0.05) values. At logistic regression analysis, a renal Doppler RI greater than 0.9 was the only independent risk factor for progression to hemorrhagic shock (P<0.001).Conclusions: Renal Doppler RI measurement may represent a clinically useful non-invasive method for the early detection of occult hemorrhagic shock.
Educação e redução de desigualdades: um estudo colaborativo Brasil-Portugal
Authors: Moura Eliana Perez Gonçalves de , Zucchetti Dinora Tereza , Barreto Maria Antónia Belchior Ferreira de
Published: March 2017

Apresenta um texto argumentativo sobre as relações entre educação e redução de desigualdades, tomando como referência as práticas de educação desenvolvidas no Brasil e em Portugal voltadas para crianças, adolescentes e jovens socialmente vulnerabilizados. No caso brasileiro, toma o Programa Mais Educação (PME), como exemplo de política afirmativa, uma ação estratégica de articulação entre as áreas pedagógica e social que executa ações prioritariamente dentro das escolas da rede pública e/ou na modalidade de parcerias, com ONGs e serviços comunitários executados por entidades do terceiro setor. No caso português o enfrentamento ocorre por dentro do próprio sistema escolar, por meio das escolas de Territórios Educativos de Intervenção Prioritária (TEIPs), uma medida de política de combate aos problemas de exclusão social e escolar, num determinado espaço geográfico. Trata-se de práticas educativas que visam a articulação de medidas locais de caráter pedagógico, psicológico e social disponibilizando recursos humanos (mais docentes, psicólogos, mediadores, assistentes sociais, educadores sociais) além de verbas específicas. Defende que em ambos os países a ideia de vulnerabilidade é sinônimo de risco social exigindo uma abordagem diferenciada e específica sobre essa população por meio da promoção de sua educação. Aponta algumas das diferentes formas pelas quais tais experiências educativas, enquanto políticas afirmativas de enfrentamento da pobreza, aproximam-se e distanciam-se em ambos os países. Encerra ressaltando que os dois modelos de intervenção, embora com características distintas, estão voltados para os mesmos segmentos populacionais reconhecidos, em ambos os países, como demandantes de ações específicas no sentido da busca por equidade social.
A relação entre educação e pobreza: a ascensão dos territórios educativos vulneráveis.
Authors: Oliveira Dalila Andrade , Saraiva Ana Maria Alves
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o contexto de emergência dos territórios educativos e das escolas vulneráveis como lócus da politica educativa voltada para aqueles que se encontram em situação de pobreza e vulnerabilidade social. Essa noção de território surge como um eixo orientador das políticas sociais a partir dos anos 2000, como uma continuidade do processo de focalização e racionalização do gasto social iniciado com as reformas da década de 1990 e de reconhecimento da multidimensionalidade da pobreza. A análise se circunscreve ao estado de Minas Gerais que, no início da década de 2000, incorporou a noção de território na formulação das políticas educacionais, dando início a um processo de diferenciação escolar, que tem resultado em estratificação da rede de ensino entre as escolas de referência e as escolas vulneráveis.
Escola e classe social de uma perspectiva gramsciana: a sala de aula, o intelectual e os simples
Authors: Silveira Rene Trentin
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo é resultado parcial de pesquisa de pós-doutoramento desenvolvida em 2011-2012, junto à Università degli Studi di Torino, sob a supervisão do Prof. Dr. Angelo D’Orsi, com apoio da FAPESP. Seu principal objetivo é discutir, a partir de Gramsci, o papel da escola na superação da sociedade de classes, situando esse autor no contexto das teorias pedagógicas que investigam essa temática. Para tanto, são examinados inicialmente dois textos gramscianos pré-carcerários de 1919 que tratam especificamente do tema da escola: um artigo publicado no Avanti!, jornal do Partido Socialista, intitulado “A escola é uma instituição séria?”, e uma crônica sem título no L’Ordine Nuovo. Em seguida, busca-se articular as considerações decorrentes desse exame com conceitos e posições do autor, expressas nos Cadernos do Cárcere, enfatizando-se as noções de “estrutura” e “superestrutura”, “Estado integral”, “sociedade civil”, “sociedade política”, “racional”, “guerra de movimento” e “guerra de posição”. Finalmente, conclui-se que, para Gramsci, como elemento da sociedade civil, a escola é, de fato, aparelho de hegemonia da classe dominante, mas também, contraditoriamente, terreno de luta contra-hegemônica, travada na forma de “guerra de posição” pelos intelectuais que nela têm seu campo específico de atuação: os professores. Além disso, pelas características que reúne, constitui espaço privilegiado para o contato entre os intelectuais e os “simples” e, portanto, um importante instrumento de elevação cultural de massa, do qual não devem abdicar os intelectuais comprometidos com as camadas subalternas.
(Des)caminhos da educação pública no Brasil
Authors: Mesko Andressa de Sousa Rodrigues , Piolli Evaldo
Published: March 2017

A ETD nos apresenta neste número o dossiê “Educação e Classes Sociais” um tema bastante oportuno em função dos acontecimentos recentes envolvendo a agenda educacional brasileira. Trata-se de uma agenda que se inscreve num contexto de ajuste fiscal e que tem impulsionado os gestores públicos a adotarem medidas de caráter gerencial que aprofundam e aceleram o processo de desmonte da educação pública em nosso país. Há duas décadas a Educação Pública no Brasil está sob risco. As inúmeras reformas que ocorreram, a partir de 1990, nas políticas públicas educacionais no âmbito nacional coadunaram com as orientações advindas dos organismos internacionais (Banco Mundial e Fundo Monetário Internacional) por meio da “Declaração Mundial sobre Educação para Todos”. O objetivo era o de promover a universalização da educação e melhorar a qualidade do ensino a partir de critérios gerenciais.
O saber em discursos, projetos e leis: a história ensinada no Brasil entre o II pós-guerra e ditadura militar
Authors: Ribeiro Renilson Rosa
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo apresenta uma análise sobre o ensino de História dentro dos discursos, debates e projetos educacionais desenvolvidos entre o II pós-guerra e a ditadura militar pós-1964 no Brasil.
As condições da produção científica em educação: do modelo de áreas de concentração aos desafios das linhas de pesquisa
Authors: Sánchez Gamboa Silvio
Published: March 2017

No Brasil, durante os anos 90 são propostas mudanças nas condições de produção científica surgidas da crítica ao modelo de ciência analítica implícito nos Pareceres 977/65 e 77/69 do Conselho Federal de Educação que regulamentaram a pós-graduação. O modelo imposto de áreas de concentração priorizava o ensino de disciplinas obrigatórias e eletivas de domínio conexo e relegava a segundo plano a pesquisa e a problematização da realidade. São indicadores da crise desse modelo: a desistência dos alunos antes de concluírem a pesquisa, o aumento do tempo médio de titulação, a protelação e empobrecimento da pesquisa em função do cumprimento de prazos, a divisão do saber em áreas temáticas atreladas aos currículos da graduação, o enquadramento das pesquisas em áreas de concentração em vez de priorizar a problematização da realidade, a separação entre ensino e pesquisa, entre graduação e pós-graduação e a forma individualizada de tratar o conhecimento. A mudança de áreas de concentração para linhas de pesquisa modificou algumas formalidades, entretanto, não superou a divisão dos saberes imposta pela concepção analítica de ciência nem recuperou, como base da pesquisa, os problemas vinculados ao mundo da necessidade e à dinâmica histórica da sociedade, nem consolidou as abordagens complexas sobre a realidade educacional.
A TV digital interativa no espaço educacional
Authors: Amaral Sérgio Ferreira do , Pataca Daniel Moutinho
Published: March 2017

A sociedade da informação e do conhecimento é um território de preocupação constante. Constitui, sem dúvida, um dos campos decisivos de transformação da cultura e da educação de nossos dias. As mudanças no sistema escolar, em função da chegada das novas tecnologias do conhecimento, nos remete à necessidade de estudar a relação entre comunicação e educação de modo interdisciplinar, baseado nas reflexões teóricas dessas duas áreas, procurando resgatar a unidade intrínseca destes tratados que nem sempre se encontraram unidos.
Subjetividade e tecnologia
Authors: Goergen Pedro
Published: March 2017

Quando falamos em ciência e tecnologia, pensamos em produtos e eventos contemporâneos. Pensamos em máquinas, computadores, performance, em precisão, velocidade. Pensamos em coisas que potencializam a ação humana e que facilitam a vida. Esquecemos que ciência & tecnologia é um projeto muito antigo do homem que tem sua origem na necessidade e vontade de ampliação de sua capacidade física. Esta vontade está presente nas comunidades humanas desde os tempos mais remotos e, na verdade, nasceu junto com a cultura. Os chineses, egípcios, gregos e os índios americanos mostraram isso nos mais diferentes domínios do conhecimento e da ação como a filosófica, a matemática, a engenharia, a arquitetura e a astrologia.
Reflexão sobre objetivos e procedimentos adotados pelas comissões de Avaliação das Condições de Ensino - ACE do INEP
Authors: Meneghel Stela M. , Bertolin Júlio Cesar Godoy
Published: March 2017

Os procedimentos de avaliação e supervisão dos cursos de Educação Superior têm fundamento legal no Artigo IX da LDB/96, que arrola como atribuições da União “autorizar, reconhecer, credenciar, supervisionar e avaliar, respectivamente, os cursos das instituições de educação superior e os estabelecimentos do Sistema Federal de Ensino Superior”. Este texto, realizado a pedido da Presidência da Comissão Especial de Avaliação instituída pelo MEC/SESu, em abril de 2003, tem por objetivo estudar, analisar e elaborar um diagnóstico sobre um dos mecanismos de avaliação implementados pelo MEC para atender ao dispositivo legal: as Comissões de Avaliação das Condições de Ensino/ACE, do INEP. As ACE’s tiveram início em abril de 2002. Desde que foram instituídas, foram realizadas um número significativos de visitas de Comissões de Avaliadores, que derivaram em 1084 relatórios em fase de análise pelo INEP e SESu. Os relatórios por elas produzidos são, segundo a legislação, elementos fundamentais para o credenciamento e recredenciamento de cursos das IES, junto com os resultados do ENC.
Significance of a change in dividend payment frequency
Authors: Kambeu Edson
Published: March 2017

The objective of this paper is to analyse the significance of a change in dividend payment frequency. We initially argue that a change in dividend payment frequency is significant and relevant in the same manner as a change in dividend policy. We analyse the subject using an event study of Sechaba Holdings, a firm listed on the Botswana Exchange` that decided to change its dividend payment frequency from quarterly to bi-annual payment to examine the subject. We specifically used an event study methodology that analyses the significance of abnormal returns that occurred during the event period. The study revealed that the firm’s decision to change its dividend payment frequency did not significantly affect abnormal returns during the event period.  The study therefore contradicted our initial argument that a change in dividend payment frequency is significant and relevant.
Analysis of Securities Analysts Impact on China’s Capital Market Efficiency
Authors: Yang Bing , Li Xiaolin
Published: March 2017

This paper explores the impact of securities analysts on China’s capital market efficiency from the perspective of the stock price synchronicity. Empirical results show that increased securities analysts can improve capital market efficiency, but this effect is limited with economical insignificant. We recommend that the Chinese Securities’ Regulatory Authorities need to further the reform of the securities industry consulting system, thus enhance the capital market efficiency of allocation of resources.
Relative Effectiveness of Fiscal and Monetary Policies in Nigeria
Authors: Okorie David Iheke , Sylvester Manu Adasi , Simon-Peter Dak-Adzaklo Cephas
Published: March 2017

This study employs the auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to ascertain the relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies in Nigeria using a quarterly time-series from 1981-2012. From our analysis, it discovered that monetary and fiscal policies both have significant positive impact income. This conforms to a priori expectation and we discovered that monetary policy effects income faster than fiscal policy. In the short run, monetary policy effects income more than fiscal policy but the reverse is the case for the long run. Total impact of fiscal policy is higher than that of monetary policy. This study supports the use of both policies to achieve change in income but this depends on the objective the authorities want to achieve.
Sensitivity of PBL schemes of the WRF-ARW model in simulating the boundary layer flow parameters for their application to air pollution dispersion modeling over a tropical station
Authors: Boadh Rahul , Satyanarayana A.N.V. , Rama Krishna T. V. B. P. S. , Madala Srikanth
Published: March 2017

Mesoscale atmospheric circulations play an important role in the transport of air pollution and local air quality issues. The planetary boundary layer (PBL), the thermo-dynamical structure and the flow field play an important role in air pollution dispersion. Hence, the PBL parameters over Nagpur, India are simulated using the ARW v. 3.6.1 mesoscale model. High-resolution simulations are conducted with triple nested domains having a horizontal resolution of 27, 9 and 3 km, as well as 27 vertical levels by using the 1 . 1º NCEP Final Analysis meteorological fields for initial and boundary conditions. Eight fair-weather days in winter and summer (January and April 2009) with no significant synoptic activity were chosen for the study. Sensitivity experiments of the ARW model were conducted with two non-local (Yonsei University [YSU], and Asymmetric Convective Model v. 2 [ACM2]) and three local turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) closure (Mellor-Yamada Nakanishi and Niino Level 2.5 PBL [MYNN2], Mellor-Yamada-Janjic [MYJ], and quasi-normal scale elimination [QNSE]) turbulence diffusion parameterizations, to study the evolution of PBL parameters and the thermodynamical structure during the study period. After validation of the simulated parameters with the available in-situ data, it was revealed that the non-local PBL scheme YSU, followed by local scheme MYNN2, could able to capture the characteristic variations of surface meteorological variables and the thermodynamical structure of the atmosphere. The present results suggest that the PBL schemes, namely YSU and MYNN2, performed better in representing the boundary-layer parameters and are useful for air pollution dispersion studies.
Comparison of Strong-Alkali and Weak-Alkali ASP-Flooding Field Tests in Daqing Oil Field
Authors: Guo Hu , Li Yiqiang , Wang Fuyong , Gu Yuanyuan
Published: March 2017

Alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding is one of the most-promising enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) technologies. Strong alkali (NaOH) was used in early field tests mainly because of its stronger emulsification ability and wider surfactant range, which can meet the requirements of ultralow interfacial tension (IFT). However, subsequent field tests indicated that the advantages of a strong alkali did not outweigh the disadvantages caused by serious scaling and production-capacity loss. Although a critical comparison of strong alkali ASP (SASP) and weak alkali ASP (WASP) on the basis of field tests is quite difficult and complex, considering the small differences in reservoir characteristics, injected fluid, and operational changes, the two completed field tests in Daqing provided us with valuable and important information.

The petrophysical features of the two field tests were similar. The well spacings and well patterns of the two field tests were critically the same, and the same screening standards and design ideas were followed. The incremental recoveries of WASP and SASP were nearly the same, while WASP had a higher peak oil production than SASP after the injection took effect. WASP was proved to have less liquid-producing-capacity loss than SASP. The emulsification effects of WASP were weaker than those of SASP, which also lowered the difficulty and cost of the treatment of the emulsified fluid. The chromatographic separation was different in the two pilot tests, in which WASP had alleviated chromatographic separation. Breakthrough of the polymer occurred before the alkali followed by the surfactant, and this occurred at 0.06 pore volumes (PV) for SASP but was delayed until 0.13 PV for the WASP flooding. The scaling of SASP was much-more severe than that of WASP, leading to a much-higher treatment cost. The economic performances of the two tests, which are of vital importance in a low-oil-price era, were quite different, and WASP had much-better performance than SASP. The input/output ratios of WASP in B-2-X and SASP in B-1-DD were 1:3.7 and 1:2.3, respectively. The returns on investment (ROIs) of WASP in B-2-X and SASP in B-1-DD were 19.1 and 12.9%, respectively, whereas the financial internal rates of return (FIRRs) after tax were 22.3 and 18.0%, respectively. The average FIRR of local oil-industry projects is 12%. Field tests indicated that WASP is both technically and economically better than SASP under the conditions in the Daqing oil field.
SHAPE DIFFERENTIABILITY OF DRAG FUNCTIONAL AND BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS FOR FLUID MIXTURE EQUATIONS
Authors: Kucher Nikolay , Kucher Nikolay , Zhalnina Aleksandra , Zhalnina Aleksandra
Published: March 2017

Problems of optimal design of various elements of technical structures stimulate mathematical statements of new problems of continuum mechanics and hydrodynamics in particular. This study refers to problems of shape optimization of profiles in a flow of fluid or gas. The paper deals with properties of solutions and their functional of inhomogeneous boundary value problem for nonlinear composite type partial differential equation system, simulating the a mixture of viscous compressible fluids (gases) flowing around an obstacle. Methods of the theory of partial differential equations, functional analysis and, in particular, the results on the solvability of boundary value problems for transport and Stokes equations established the well-posedness of a linear boundary value problem with singular coefficients (the problem of the original problem solution difference). This result allowed to obtain the uniqueness theorem to determine the nature of solutions dependence on the shape of the flow range and to prove domain differentiability of the solutions considered. Domain differentiability of the solution functional reflecting the force of the obstacle resistance to the incident flow is proved. A formula to equate this derivative as a sum of two summands, one of which clearly depends on mapping setting the domain shape, and the other can be expressed in terms of the so-called adjoint state, depending only on the solution of the original problem in a non-deformed domain. The functional derivative formulas may be used as the basis for building a numerical algorithm for finding the optimal shape of the body in a flow of mixture of viscous compressible fluids.
Sludge-bed anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating prehydrolysis liquor (PHL): correlation of cATP™ with performance parameters
Authors: Kale Mayur Milan , Singh Kripa Shankar , Debnath Dibyendu , Connor Dennis
Published: March 2017

Cellular adenosine triphosphate (cATP™) may be used to characterize the biological degradation activity within the anaerobic and aerobic wastewater treatment systems. The feasibility of using cATP™ as a process monitoring parameter for an anaerobic membrane bioreactor was evaluated. Results obtained from batch respirometric anaerobic treatability studies and a continuous sludge-bed anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SB-AnMBR) treating prehydrolysis liquor were examined. Both studies were conducted at an operating temperature of 35 °C. The batch studies indicated that the indirect activity measurements, such as the methane production rate correlated well with cATP™. The cATP™ content of the SB-AnMBR responded to changes in total amount of degraded chemical oxygen demand (COD) and methane produced with correlation coefficient of 0.91 and 0.80, respectively. In contrast, cATP™ was not well correlated to mixed liquor volatile suspended solids with correlation coefficient of 0.52. The values of cATP™/CODremoved ratio and active biomass ratio (ABR™) indicated that the increase in cATP™ value might be a result of increased biodegradation activity in the SB-AnMBR system.
Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to nitrate pollution caused by agricultural practices
Authors: Goudarzi Shabnam , Jozi Seyed Ali , Monavari Seyed Masoud , Karbasi Abdoreza , Hasani Amir Hesam
Published: March 2017

Environmental risk assessment is a step towards identification, analysis, and classification of risk factors and thus reduction of the possibility of adverse consequences. In this research, a novel approach for environmental risk assessment on groundwater pollution is applied. By combination of aquifer vulnerability DRASTIC map, pollution severity and prioritizing of the plain regions by the TOPSIS method, more sensitive regions of Qazvin aquifer in Iran are identified. In the first step, seven hydro-geological characteristics of the aquifer are overlaid to produce the potential vulnerability map. Nitrate is used as the pollution parameter and its value in monitoring wells is measured by sampling. Spatial distribution of nitrate concentration is investigated using the ordinary kriging method. The TOPSIS ranking method is also applied to estimate the probability of occurrence of pollution based on five affecting criteria defined and quantified in regions of the aquifer. By production of these three layers, the risk map of the aquifer is generated. Results indicate that 9% of the area of the aquifer is categorized in the high risk level which needs an emergency recovery action plan. Also, sensitivity analysis on the parameters of the aquifer vulnerability shows the effect of the soil media more than other parameters.
Dual bioremediation of phenol and Cr(VI) by mixed microbial cultures in the presence of molasses
Authors: Kiliç Nur Koçberber , Dönmez Gönül
Published: March 2017

Simultaneous phenol and Cr(VI) bioremoval by two different mixed cultures, from petroleum-contaminated soil (PS) and boron-contaminated wastewater (BW), was investigated in regard to different culture media, pH levels (6–8), initial phenol (25–100 mg/L) and Cr(VI) (15–50 mg/L) concentrations. The optimum medium was found to be mineral salt medium tested, which contained 1% (v/v) molasses (MSM). Optimum pH values were 6 for PS and 8 for BW. All of the phenol present in the samples was mineralized regardless of its concentrations tested, Cr(VI) bioremoval was enhanced by the increase in phenol concentrations, and molasses also exerted a positive effect on Cr(VI) removal, and the yields reached 100% for both pollutants, even at 13.1 mg/L Cr(VI) and 91.1 mg/L phenol concentration in PS samples. In MSM containing PS samples approximate efficiency was 100% for phenol removal; but Cr(VI) removal ratios were 64.9% and 41.7% at 25.8 mg/L and 41.3 mg/L concentrations, respectively. Finally it can be concluded that molasses stimulated Cr(VI) bioremoval at elevated phenolic conditions in the mixed microbial culture, and molasses might be of use for the bioremediation of phenol and Cr(VI) polluted wastewaters.
Batch equilibrium and kinetics of mercury removal from aqueous solutions using polythiophene/graphene oxide nanocomposite
Authors: Muliwa Anthony M. , Onyango Maurice S. , Maity Arjun , Ochieng Aoyi
Published: March 2017

Polythiophene/graphene oxide (PTh/GO) nanocomposite (NC) was prepared through polymerisation of thiophene in the presence of GO and was used for mercury ions (Hg2+) adsorption in aqueous solutions. Equilibrium studies showed that mercury removal was strongly influenced by solution pH and GO composition in the NC. The equilibrium data were well described by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, with a Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of 113.6 mg/g. Adsorption kinetics were rapid and correlated well with the pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature, and occurred through a physicochemical mechanism. Desorption studies revealed that PTh/GO NC could be used repeatedly for three adsorption-desorption cycles without a significant loss in its capacity. Competing ions reduced mercury uptake although considerable values were still attained. The findings of this study suggest that PTh/GO NC is a potential adsorbent for Hg2+ removal from aqueous solutions.
Advanced phosphorus removal via coagulation, flocculation and microsieve filtration in tertiary treatment
Authors: Langer M. , Väänänen J. , Boulestreau M. , Miehe U. , Bourdon C. , Lesjean B.
Published: March 2017

The applicability of microsieve technology together with coagulation and flocculation for advanced phosphorus removal was investigated. A pilot unit including a microsieve with 10 μm mesh size was operated continuously with secondary effluent from Ruhleben wastewater treatment plant in Berlin. By applying a pretreatment of 0.07–0.09 mmol/L (as metal) coagulant and 1.5–2 mg/L cationic polymer, total phosphorus values below 80 μg/L were achieved. Coagulation with polyaluminum chloride (PACl) produced a better effluent quality compared to FeCl3, as less suspended solids and less residual coagulant were found in the microsieve effluent. In addition, the transmittance of UV radiation through the water was improved by using PACl. The produced amount of backwash water was always below 3% (on average 1.6%). Under optimized mixing conditions, polymer doses of 0.6 mg/L were possible without losses in water quality and filtration performance. Microsieving with chemical pretreatment is a viable option for high quality effluent polishing.
KSZTAŁTOWANIE SIĘ MIESZANEGO SYSTEMU SZKOCKIEGO PRAWA PRYWATNEGO W XIX I XX WIEKU
Authors: Stępkowski Aleksander
Published: March 2017

FORMATION OF THE MIXED SYSTEM OF SCOTTISH PRIVATE LAW DURING 19™AND 20™ CENTURIES(Summary) This paper présents development of Scots law as a mixed jurisdiction in 19th and 20th centuries. This spécifie mixture of légal cultures which is Scots law, owes most of its peculiarity to, variable in its character, relationships with England and its precedent based legal culture. English influence on Scottish private law become predominant in 19th century, as an effect of advancement of internal integration within United Kingdome.Scots law - as described in 18th century classical legal treaties - was in general based on continental ius commune, as presented in French and Roman-Dutch legal thought. Political and social consequences of the Union of 1707 allowed extremely intensive influence of English law in Scotland since second quarter of 19th century. This impact had miscellaneous character and was performed in a various ways. The easiest one was legislative activity of British Parliament, whose statutes in 19th century started to be progressively more and more important source of English law. Statutory influence was the easiest as the number of Scots in British Parliament never exceeded ten percent, so there was no problem in ignoring their objections, until the establishment of the Scottish Law Commission in 1965, which started to supervise legislation touching Scotland.Except statutory influence, considerable changes took place in the way of administering justice in Scodand. The most spectacular was decision of the House of Lords which in the beginning of 18th century had recognised its authority to revise judgements of the Court of Session – Scottish supreme court. In effect House of Lords started - regardless differences existing between Scots law and English law - to apply English rules in reviewing judgements of the Court of Session. Further influence of English rules into Scots law was provoked by the reform of the Court of Session, whose organisation and proceedings became considerably anglicised. It provoked that its decisions started to be regarded as a primary source of law by progressive acceptance of English stare decisis rule - which was not the part of Scottish legal system before.A kind of reaction for this process of Anglicisation was the interest of Scottish lawyers in studies of Roman law, as performed on continent in Netherlands and Germany. This interest subsequently was manifested in following ideas of German historical school. In consequence they started to underline the unique - domestic - character of Scots law, independent as well from English law as from continental tradition of civil law.The article is finishing with considerations upon possible consequences for Scots law of the process of devolution in Scodand which took place in 1998. It presents different opinions of Scottish lawyers, as to the future development of Scots law.
POJĘCIE BAZY DANYCH NA GRUNCIE USTAWY O PRAWIE AUTORSKIM I PRAWACH POKREWNYCH ORAZ USTAWY O OCHRONIE BAZ DANYCH
Authors: Górecka Anna
Published: March 2017

CONCEPT OF A DATABASE IN BASIS OF COPYRIGHT AND NEIGHBOURING RIGHTS ACT AND DATABASE PROTECTIONSummary Collecting and processing of different kinds of data is commonly practiced nowadays. The novelty under the polish law is an introduction of the legal protection of such data bases. This protection is provided in two particular regulations: the act on copyrights and neighbouring rights of 4th February 1994 and the act on the protection of the database of 27thJuly 2001.The database is defined as any kind of collections, lists of information, materials or any other elements systemized according to specified criterion. Its essence consists in collecting and confronting given data using the settled method but not in the materials collected in such kind of evidence. Any database consists of various information thus it is treated as a collection of materials. That is of no importance if the collected elements are subject to the legal protection therefore it seems that such collection may contain any data not only these protected under the copyrights and it does not matter if they are protected under the law or no or if they are confidential or easy available.Each of the regulations mentioned above provides the different system of protection. The act on copyrights regards the external aspects of a collection (the creativity must consist in a selection, systématisation or confrontation of the information) and protects only the creative elements of the collection. Thus with regard to databases (constituting protected good within the meaning of the copyrights law) it must be noticed that they will be protected only within the scope of their creativity that could be however expressed in many aspects.The other regulation gives the possibility of protecting the contents of the database (the internal aspect of the database). Applicability of one of these regulations excludes applicability of the other as the article 1 of the law on the protection of the database states that the object of the legal protection under this law is a database which does not constitute protected good within the meaning of the law on copyrights. However such database has to comply with the requirement of a substantial investment. Such substantial investment has to be undertaken in order to prepare, verify or present the contents and it may consist in the quality as well as the quantity of the investment while the method of the collection of the data is unrestricted. Thus there is no possibility of the cumulative protection of the database. However it was constituted the new and genuine right allowing collection of the data and its subsequent processing as a whole or in part, according to both the quality as well as the quantity. Such right is of the exclusive and transferable nature.
Development of Multiple Regression Models to Predict Sources of Fecal Pollution
Authors: Hall Kimberlee K. , Scheuerman Phillip R.
Published: March 2017

This study assessed the usefulness of multivariate statistical tools to characterize watershed dynamics and prioritize streams for remediation. Three multiple regression models were developed using water quality data collected from Sinking Creek in the Watauga River watershed in Northeast Tennessee. Model 1 included all water quality parameters, model 2 included parameters identified by stepwise regression, and model 3 was developed using canonical discriminant analysis. Models were evaluated in seven creeks to determine if they correctly classified land use and level of fecal pollution. At the watershed level, the models were statistically significant (p < 0.001) but with low r2 values (Model 1 r2 = 0.02, Model 2 r2 = 0.01, Model 3 r2 = 0.35). Model 3 correctly classified land use in five of seven creeks. These results suggest this approach can be used to set priorities and identify pollution sources, but may be limited when applied across entire watersheds.