bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Zika virus crisis during the 2016 Rio Olympic Games: a media cover analysis
Authors: Toubes Diego R. , de la Torre Jaime Álvarez , de Araújo Arthur Filipe
Published: May 2023

During times of crisis, media coverage increases significantly, shaping public opinion and creating images of the places where these events occur. In this context, this paper analyses the Zika virus epidemic in Brazil, a past crisis that gained increased media attention during the months leading up to the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio, to identify the cognitive and affective components of published information. To this end, we subjected 1034 headlines (from digital editions of leading Spanish daily newspapers) related to tourism security at the Olympic Games to content analysis and employed a series of attributes to approach the cognitive and affective components of the information analysed. The results reveal that alarmist and negative headlines are more frequent when security issues, particularly citizen security, are reported. News headlines about the Olympic Games are generally descriptive and more positive. In the field of health security, citation-type headlines—those citing information provided by experts or authorities—are used more frequently. By analysing a past crisis, this study has several implications for Destination Management Organisations (DMOs) dealing with such events. In this context, we highlight some good practices to maximise informative news and minimise alarmist ones.
Learning to teach through noticing: a bibliometric review of teacher noticing research in mathematics education during 2006–2021
Authors: Wei Yicheng , Zhang Qiaoping , Guo Jing , Chen Min
Published: May 2023

Teacher noticing, as an expertize of teacher competency, has received increased attention by researchers in recent years. This bibliometric review systematically compares the current research status, research hotspots, and development trends of teacher noticing in mathematics education. It provides a reference for the future research development on mathematics teacher noticing. Articles related to mathematics teacher noticing in the Scopus online database were selected for the period 2006–2021. CiteSpace, R, and other bibliometric softwares were used to analyze the number of publications, research strengths of countries and institutions, core journals, keyword co-occurrences, and co-citation analyses. The results indicated that the number of mathematics teacher noticing publications is increasing, but as yet the total body of literature is too small and has many gaps. By country, the United States is at the forefront of research in this area and, by institutions, UC Irvine and Northwestern University are the leaders. Among the reviewed studies, framework is the main research theory in this field; the use of videos is the main research instrument; prospective teachers are the main research participants; and developing teachers’ teaching skills is the main research aim. International or regional cooperation is relatively lacking. Considering the lack of richness in the current perspectives, this review has also offered suggestions for future research directions.
Sentiment and emotion in financial journalism: a corpus-based, cross-linguistic analysis of the effects of COVID
Authors: Vargas-Sierra Chelo , Orts M. Ángeles
Published: May 2023

Sentiment and emotion play a crucial role in financial journalism, influencing market perceptions and reactions. However, the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the language used in financial newspapers remains underexplored. The present study addresses this gap by comparing data from specialized financial newspapers in English and Spanish, focusing on the years immediately prior to the COVID-19 crisis (2018–2019) and during the pandemic itself (2020–2021). We aim to explore how the economic upheaval of the latter period was conveyed in these publications and investigate the changes in sentiment and emotion in their language compared to the previous timeframe. To this end, we compiled comparable corpora of news items from two respected financial newspapers (The Economist and Expansión), covering both the pre-COVID and pandemic periods. Our corpus-based, contrastive EN-ES analysis of lexically polarized words and emotions allows us to describe the publications’ positioning in the two periods. We further filter lexical items using the CNN Business Fear and Greed Index, as fear and greed are the opposing emotional states most often linked to financial market unpredictability and volatility. This novel analysis is expected to provide a holistic picture of how these specialist periodicals in English and Spanish have emotionally verbalized the economic havoc of the COVID-19 period compared to their previous linguistic behaviour. By doing so, our study contributes to the understanding of sentiment and emotion in financial journalism, shedding light on how crises can reshape the linguistic landscape of the industry.
Preparing the next generation of physicists to consider ethics and society
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: May 2023

Physics research has societal implications; these lesson plans teach students how to engage with them.
Smartphones and slinkies provide new way to teach students about everyday forces
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: May 2023

Affordable approach shows the applicability of teaching children physics earlier by connecting force and acceleration with playground equipment.
Making double rainbows with relative refractive indices
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: May 2023

Experimental and educational setup simulates natural rainbows by immersing lenses in sugar solution.
Study of stationary rigidly rotating anisotropic cylindrical fluids with new exact interior solutions of GR. IV. Radial pressure
Authors: Célérier M.-N.
Published: May 2023

This article belongs to a series where the influence of anisotropic pressure on gravitational properties of rigidly rotating fluids is studied using new exact solutions of GR constructed for the purpose. For mathematical simplification, stationarity and cylindrical symmetry implying three Killing vectors are considered. Moreover, two pressure components are set to vanish in turn. In Papers I and II, the pressure is axially directed, while it is azimuthal in Paper III. In present paper (Paper IV), a radially directed pressure is considered. Since a generic differential equation, split into three parts, emerges from field equations, three different classes of solutions can be considered. Two could only be partially integrated. The other one, which is fully integrated, yields a set of solutions with a negative pressure. Physical processes where a negative pressure is encountered are depicted and give a rather solid foundation to this class of solutions. Moreover, these fully integrated solutions satisfy the axisymmetry condition, while they do not verify the so-called “regularity condition.” However, since their Kretschmann scalar does not diverge on the axis, this feature must be considered as reporting a mere coordinate singularity. Finally, the matching of these solutions to an exterior appropriate vacuum enforces other constraints on the two constant parameters defining each solution in the class. The results displayed here deserve to be interpreted in light of those depicted in the other four papers in the series.
Noise based on vortex structures in 2D and 3D
Authors: Flandoli Franco , Huang Ruojun
Published: May 2023

A new noise, based on vortex structures in 2D (point vortices) and 3D (vortex filaments), is introduced. It is defined as the scaling limit of a jump process, which explores vortex structures, and it can be defined in any domain, also with boundary. The link with fractional Gaussian fields and Kraichnan noise is discussed. The vortex noise is finally shown to be suitable for the investigation of the eddy dissipation produced by small scale turbulence.
Thermodynamic Functions for N2 from the Total Partition Sum and its Moments
Authors: Gamache Robert R. , Orphanos Nicholas G.
Published: May 2023

The total partition sum, Q(T), and its first and second moments, Q′(T) and Q″(T), were determined in terms of the total internal partition sum, Qint(T), and the translational partition sum, Qtrans(T), for 14N2, 14N15N, and 15N2. The total internal partition sum was computed using term values determined using the molecular constants of Le Roy et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 125, 164310 (2006)] for the ground electronic state and molecular constants for the first eight excited electronic states. The work of Le Roy et al. provides the best term values available and, hence, the most accurate total internal partition sums and their first and second moments. The convergence of Qint(T) and its moments were carefully studied and resulted in values with small uncertainty to 9000 K. From these quantities, the isobaric heat capacity, the Helmholtz energy, the entropy, the enthalpy, the Gibbs function, and the JANAF functions S0, hef, and gef, were computed on a 1 K grid from 1 to 9000 K. The resulting thermodynamic quantities are the most accurately determined from the direct summation of Q(T), Q′(T) and Q″(T). These data are compared with literature values.
Ordinal Poincaré sections: Reconstructing the first return map from an ordinal segmentation of time series
Authors: Shahriari Zahra , Algar Shannon D. , Walker David M. , Small Michael
Published: May 2023

We propose a robust algorithm for constructing first return maps of dynamical systems from time series without the need for embedding. A first return map is typically constructed using a convenient heuristic (maxima or zero-crossings of the time series, for example) or a computationally nuanced geometric approach (explicitly constructing a Poincaré section from a hyper-surface normal to the flow and then interpolating to determine intersections with trajectories). Our method is based on ordinal partitions of the time series, and the first return map is constructed from successive intersections with specific ordinal sequences. We can obtain distinct first return maps for each ordinal sequence in general. We define entropy-based measures to guide our selection of the ordinal sequence for a “good” first return map and show that this method can robustly be applied to time series from classical chaotic systems to extract the underlying first return map dynamics. The results are shown for several well-known dynamical systems (Lorenz, Rössler, and Mackey–Glass in chaotic regimes).
Insight into tunable electronic and magnetic properties in 2D ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Guo Tianxia , Liu YuJie , Sun Yi , Zhang Shuhan , Xu Xiaokang , Wang Licheng , Zhou Wenqi , Liu Yongjun , Yao Xiaojing , Zhang Xiuyun
Published: May 2023

Two dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have recently emerged as attractive candidates in spintronic devices. Here, a field-effect spin filter based on the 2D antiferromagnetic (AFM)/ferromagnetic (FM) vdW heterostructure, MnPS3/MnCl3, is proposed. The ground state of the MnPS3/MnCl3 heterostructure is predicted to be a type-I AFM semiconductor with AFM Néel ordering in MnPS3 and MnCl3 monolayers. Interestingly, an AFM–FM transition is found for the MnPS3/MnCl3 heterostructure when reducing the interlayer distance to the range of d < 2.0 Å. Moreover, the MnPS3/MnCl3 heterostructure undergoes semiconductor, metal, and half-metal transitions with the interlayer distance decreasing. Moreover, a semiconductor–half-metal transition can also be observed for MnPS3/MnCl3 by applying an external electric field. Our study offers a potential way to design spintronic devices by 2D layered magnetic vdW heterostructure.
Chip-embedded antenna-in-package module using modified polyimide (MPI) low-loss materials for millimeter-wave application
Authors: Song Jaewoo , Park Se-Hoon , Nam Hyun-jin , Naqi Muhammad
Published: May 2023

In advanced millimeter-wave packaging technology, signal loss is considered the main problem, which can be resolved using low-loss circuits for minimizing transmission losses. Herein, the radio frequency integrated circuit (RF-IC), an active element, and the antenna are assembled in one package form to realize such a low-loss circuit by utilizing the modified polyimide (MPI) material. The material analysis of MPI reveals a dielectric constant of 2.5 with a loss of 0.0025 mm-waves (at 20 GHz) and confirms the curability of the proposed film at lower temperatures through differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Next, the antenna and the RF-IC were assembled in a single package using MPI to verify their suitability for the millimeter wave package. The 1 dB gain compression point (P1dB) of the integrated module is measured to be 31 dBm, with 20.38 dBm for a single RF-IC, confirming that the proposed MPI is a suitable candidate as a low-loss circuit for modern millimeter-wave packaging technology.
An assessment of spall failure modes in laser powder bed fusion fabricated stainless steel 316L with low-volume intentional porosity
Authors: Koube K. D. , Sloop T. , Lamb K. , Kacher J. , Babu S. S. , Thadhani N. N.
Published: May 2023

This paper reports on spall failure and damage modes in Laser Powder Bed Fusion fabricated Stainless Steel 316L (SS316L) with intentional levels of low-volume (1–5 vol. %) porosity and pore sizes of 200, 350, and 500 μm. The fabricated specimens were subjected to uniaxial-strain plate-impact loading at ∼4.5 GPa, to initiate incipient spall failure. Analysis of velocimetry profiles measured using multi-probe photon-Doppler velocimetry coupled with post-mortem analysis of soft-recovered samples reveals local suppression of spall failure (termed as spall-dominated) as a function of porosity, as the failure mechanism transitions from spall-centered tensile stress dominated to a pore-centered microstructure-dominated damage mode involving void/crack nucleation and growth at pre-existing pores. The critical porosity level where the suppression of spall failure is first observed, as well as the spall location, is dependent on both the volume fraction and the size of the initially fabricated pores. In samples of 500 μm pore size, the suppression of spall failure is observed with as little as 1 vol. % porosity, while samples with smaller pores (200 μm) still experience spall-centered tensile stress dominated failure with higher levels (5 vol. %) of porosity. In the case of pore-centered microstructure-dominated failure, spall damage can occur but the spall plane is shifted toward the rear free surface, or more generally in areas further away from the region with pores. Highly heterogeneous deformation twinning, shear banding, grain rotation, and cracking are observed in the vicinity of pre-existing pores and expected spall failure sites.
Pulsed laser ablation production of Ni/NiO nano electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Iacono Valentina , Scuderi Mario , Amoruso Maria Laura , Gulino Antonino , Ruffino Francesco , Mirabella Salvo
Published: May 2023

Efficient and sustainable materials are requested to overcome the actual major issues related to green energy production. Ni/NiO nanoparticles (NPs, 2–4 nm in size) produced by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL) are reported as highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting applications. Ni/NiO NPs dispersions are obtained by ablating a Ni target immersed in deionized water with an Nd:YAG nanosecond pulsed laser. NPs size and density were driven by laser energy fluence (ranging from 8 to 10 J cm−2) and shown to have an impact on OER performance. Ni/NiO NPs were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, photoemission spectroscopy, and Rutherford back-scattering spectrometry. By drop-casting onto graphene paper, anode electrodes were fabricated for electrochemical water splitting in alkaline electrolytes. The extrinsic and intrinsic catalytic performances for OER have been quantified, achieving an overpotential of 308 mV (at a current density of 10 mA cm−2) and unprecedented mass activity of more than 16 A mg−1, using NPs synthesized with the highest and lowest laser energy fluence, respectively. The impact of NPs’ size and density on OER performances has been clarified, opening the way for PLAL synthesis as a promising technique for highly efficient nano-electrocatalysts production.
Monitoring the stability and degradation mechanisms of perovskite solar cells by in situ and operando characterization
Authors: Baumann Fanny , Raga Sonia R. , Lira-Cantú Mónica
Published: May 2023

Solar energy technologies are among the most promising renewable energy sources. The massive growth of global solar generating capacity to multi-terawatt scale is now a requirement to mitigate climate change. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most efficient and cost-effective photovoltaic (PV) technologies with efficiencies reaching the 26% mark. They have attracted substantial interest due to their light-harvesting capacity combined with a low cost of manufacturing. However, unsolved questions of perovskite stability are still a concern, challenging the potential of widespread commercialization. Thus, it is imperative to advance in the understanding of the degradation mechanism of PSCs under in situ and operando conditions where variable and unpredictable stressors intervene, in parallel or sequentially, on the device stability. This review aims to debate the advantages behind in situ and operando characterization to complement stability-testing of PV parameters in the strive to achieve competitive stability and reproducibility in PSCs. We consider the impact of applying single and multi-stressors under constant monitoring of alterations observed in PSC components or complete devices. We outline key future research directions to achieve the long-term stability necessary for the successful commercialization of this promising PV technology.
Impact of Zr substitution on the electronic structure of ferroelectric hafnia
Authors: Huang Jinhai , Mao Ge-Qi , Xue Kan-Hao , Yang Shengxin , Ye Fan , Sun Huajun , Miao Xiangshui
Published: May 2023

HfO2-based dielectrics are promising for nanoscale ferroelectric applications, and the most favorable material within the family is Zr-substituted hafnia, i.e., Hf1−xZrxO2 (HZO). The extent of Zr substitution can be great, and x is commonly set to 0.5. However, the bandgap of ZrO2 is lower than HfO2, thus it is uncertain how the Zr content should influence the electronic band structure of HZO. A reduced bandgap is detrimental to the cycling endurance as charge injection and dielectric breakdown would become easier. Another issue is regarding the comparison on the bandgaps between HfO2/ZrO2 superlattices and HZO solid-state solutions. In this work, we systematically investigated the electronic structures of HfO2, ZrO2, and HZO using self-energy corrected density functional theory. In particular, the conduction band minimum of Pca21-HfO2 is found to lie at an ordinary k-point on the Brillouin zone border, not related to any interlines between high-symmetry k-points. Moreover, the rule of HZO bandgap variation with respect to x has been extracted. The physical mechanisms for the exponential reduction regime and linear decay regime have been revealed. The bandgaps of HfO2/ZrO2 ferroelectric superlattices are investigated in a systematic manner, and the reason why the superlattice could possess a bandgap lower than that of ZrO2 is revealed through comprehensive analysis.
Development of thermodynamically consistent machine-learning equations of state: Application to the Mie fluid
Authors: Chaparro Gustavo , Müller Erich A.
Published: May 2023

A procedure for deriving thermodynamically consistent data-driven equations of state (EoS) for fluids is presented. The method is based on fitting the Helmholtz free energy using artificial neural networks to obtain a closed-form relationship between the thermophysical properties of fluids (FE-ANN EoS). As a proof-of-concept, an FE-ANN EoS is developed for the Mie fluids, starting from a database obtained by classical molecular dynamics simulations. The FE-ANN EoS is trained using first- (pressure and internal energy) and second-order (e.g., heat capacities, Joule–Thomson coefficients) derivative data. Additional constraints ensure that the data-driven model fulfills thermodynamically consistent limits and behavior. The results for the FE-ANN EoS are shown to be as accurate as the best available analytical model while being developed in a fraction of the time. The robustness of the “digital” equation of state is exemplified by computing physical behavior it has not been trained on, for example, fluid phase equilibria. Furthermore, the model’s internal consistency is successfully assessed using Brown’s characteristic curves.
Optimization design of broadband absorber for high optical transparency
Authors: Zheng Yuejun , Long Yan , Gao Mian , Liao Dunwei , Chen Chen , Chen Qiang , Fu Yunqi
Published: May 2023

A broadband absorber with high optical transparency is proposed and realized using an optimization-designed method. The absorber’s reflection, lossy, and dielectric layers are considered for obtaining high optical transparency. First, to maintain microwave absorption, the artificial structures of the reflection layer are designed on the micron scale. Low square resistance and high optical transparency are achieved simultaneously. Then, considering the artificial structure fabrication process [fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET)], high light transmittance polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was selected as the material of the dielectric layer. The permittivity of PMMA is similar to that of PET. The light reflection of layer-to-layer is reduced, and the light transmittance is improved. Finally, under the same microwave absorption band and absorption efficiency, the topology structures of the lossy layer are optimized to increase the duty ratio and the light transmittance. Through the above-mentioned design, high optical transparency and broadband microwave absorption are achieved simultaneously. The simulated and measured results prove that more than 90% of the absorption rate is obtained from 4.4 to 11.5 GHz (89.3%) and the average light transmittance reached 80%. The results verify the optimization-designed method’s effectiveness and provide technical support for transparent absorbers to be better applied to optical windows.
In search of ways to improve the properties of a laser-accelerated heavy ion beam relevant for fusion fast ignition
Authors: Badziak J. , Domański J.
Published: May 2023

Ion fast ignition (IFI) is one of the proposed options for inertial fusion in which the ignition of nuclear fuel is initiated by an intense ion beam. In this paper, the properties of a laser-accelerated heavy ion beam are investigated for the possible use of such a beam as a fuel igniter in the IFI scenario. Using a two-dimensional particle-in-cell code, detailed studies of laser-driven heavy ion acceleration were carried out to determine the possibility of improving the properties of the heavy ion beam relevant for IFI by the appropriate selection of certain laser and target parameters. In simulations, a 1-ps laser with an energy of 150–250 kJ irradiated targets with a variety of atomic mass numbers, areal densities, thicknesses, and densities. For each of the sets of laser and target parameters considered in the paper, the parameters of the heavy ion beam relevant for IFI were determined and discussed. It was found that for realistic laser driver parameters, the IFI requirements are best met by ion beams with moderate ion mass numbers (A ∼ 50–100), such as the beam of Cu ions. It was shown that by optimizing the laser focal spot, as well as by properly matching the energy and power of the laser to the target areal mass density, it is possible to significantly improve the properties of the heavy ion beam relevant for IFI and, in particular, bring a many-fold increase in the intensity, fluence, and energy of the beam.
A low TCR MEMS heater developed for cryogenic application
Authors: Li Zhibiao , Wang Huan , Wu Ke , Xu Bin
Published: May 2023

A microheater with a small temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) at liquid hydrogen temperature was designed and fabricated by microfabrication technology. The NiCr heater annealed in N2 at 250 °C achieved the smallest TCR. The crystal structures of the NiCr film annealed in nitrogen were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystallization of the NiCr film improved with the increase in annealing temperature. The failure mechanism of the microheater is studied, and it is seen that the central area of the heating film and the joint of the heating film and the electrode are most vulnerable to destruction.
Leaving in the lead: Priorities for perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Berry Joseph J. , Irwin Michael D.
Published: May 2023

The need for moving electricity generation to a sustainable model requires the development of low cost ubiquitous photovoltaics (PVs) to harvest the planet’s primary energy source, the Sun. Building upon the successes of Si-based and CdTe-based PV technologies, PVs with lower-embodied energy and requiring lower carbon dioxide equivalent to produce will be required to meet long-term sustainability goals. In particular, thin-film technologies, such as high-efficiency metal halide perovskite (MHP) PV modules, provide avenues to reduced embodied energy, lower energy payback times, and enabling energy-dense tandems [H. M. Wikoff et al., Joule 6(7), 1710–1725 (2022) and V. Fthenakis, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 13(9), 2746–2750 (2009)]. The ability to improve efficiency and lower energy payback time of next generation thin-film PV modules is a critical foundation for green H2 and electrification more broadly. In this regard, Pb-based MHP-PVs have separated themselves as a result of the high-efficiencies that can be realized across a range of electronic gaps. Questions regarding Pb-based MHP-PVs that are often asked, as the challenges of efficiency and reliability are met, revolve around the “problem” of the Pb content. Specifically, “does Pb toxicity preclude MHP-PV modules from being deployed at the TW scale?” To provide this sense of scale, in 2021, the United States burned 10.5 quads of coal, with 90% of that used for electricity generation. Given the energy content of coal of 29 MJ/kg and a residual lead content in that coal of 30 mg/kg, electricity generation from coal resulted in more lead emitted into the atmosphere than what would be required to produce over 2 TW of MHP-PV name plate capacity (assuming a 20% module efficiency and an ∼700 nm active layer). This amounts to more PV power than has been deployed across all PV technologies and geographies to date. This only includes US coal consumption; the rest of the world would be much larger. This example illustrates the scale of the material usage relative to the energy production. Imagine a power-generation technology that offsets these Pb emissions from coal and essentially sequesters this Pb content between two sheets of impermeable glass. Why should we let Pb’s history of misuse prevent it from being included in next generation PV modules that can enable a sustainable energy future?
Interpretation of Josephson junction fluctuations at very low temperatures by superfluid flow equations
Authors: Cheng Chungho , Pagano Sergio , Barone Carlo , Grønbech-Jensen Niels , Salina Gaetano , Blackburn James A. , Cirillo Matteo
Published: May 2023

The effect of fluctuations on the stability of the zero-voltage state in the Josephson junction has been extensively investigated in the last four decades, due to the fundamental interest in this macroscopic quantum system and in view of possible application as a detector and, more recently, as base for quantum logic. Thermal induced escape from the zero-voltage state is well explained by consolidated theories based on the standard junction electrical model. However, at very low temperatures, significant deviations have been experimentally observed, which have triggered additional theories based on quantization of the Josephson junction effective potential and on macroscopic quantum tunneling. By looking at experiments carried out in the last forty years, we show here that the reported experimental data can be well described by standard theories down to zero temperature, provided that the Josephson potential is shifted by a constant amount, related to the junction plasma frequency. An explanation of this shift is given in terms of Anderson equations, relating chemical potential to phases, energies, and particle numbers in a superfluid flow.
Fluorescence microscopy watches proteins at their own scale
Authors: Miller Johanna L.
Published: May 2023

Visible light can track molecules with nanometer and millisecond resolution, even amid the complexity of a living cell.
Trapped-atom analysis pushes calcium-41 onto the radiometric dating scene
Authors: Middleton Christine
Published: May 2023

With recent advances in laser technology and cold-atom methods, the technique’s sensitivity to the isotope has reached environmental levels.
The cloud dynamics of convective storm systems
Authors: Muller Caroline , Abramian Sophie
Published: May 2023

Through a combination of idealized simulations and real-world data, researchers are uncovering how internal feedbacks and large-scale motions influence cloud dynamics.
Reconciliation of water conflicts? Coalition and contradiction in managing rivers in the Brahmaputra basin
Authors: Xu Hongzhang , Pittock Jamie , Kamruzzaman Md , Acharya Sagar
Published: May 2023

Context Transboundary sharing of river water is not just an international problem, it also cascades down to regional, state and local levels. Water cooperation in the Brahmaputra River basin among China, India, Bhutan and Bangladesh has long been contested. However, it is unclear how the four countries can cooperate and what the cornerstones for their cooperation might be. Aims Better transboundary management of Brahmaputra requires a new direction from the current situation of fragmented cooperation, conflicts and disputes in the region and increasing threats of climate change. Methods To explore possible consensus, we conducted an advocacy coalition assessment of the four countries on the basis of the heterogeneous ecosystem services valued by each nation. Key results Whereas China and India are focused on politics, Bangladesh and Bhutan are primarily concerned about the basin in physical terms. Although each nation values the Brahmaputra in different ways, it is possible to initiate strong collaboration on the basis of shared beliefs. We found that hydropower-supported energy transitions for clean and affordable energy supply meet the needs and expectations of all nations, especially under the threats of climate change. Conclusions A sustainable energy change coalition can help reduce carbon emissions, acquire green energy, irrigate land in dry seasons, and manage disasters and increasing runoffs from melting glaciers. We conclude our paper with insights for each nation and hydropower development as a whole that might help the nations manage the Brahmaputra River more sustainably by overcoming their unmatched or mismatched values and interest. Implications Water in shared rivers can raise regional conflicts, but it does not have to if mismatched deep core beliefs among nations can be avoided through cooperation.
How Turkish citizens perceive Syrian refugees in Turkey
Authors: Armağan-Boğatekin Merve , Ho Ivy K.
Published: May 2023

Turkey is the largest refugee host country in the world with about 3.5 million registered Syrian refugees. In this study, we explored intergroup relations between Syrian refugees and Turks in Turkey. We focused on how Turkish people perceived Syrian refugees in Turkey and how these two groups interacted daily. We used an adaptation of McAdams’ Life Story Interview and asked questions about Syrian refugees in the Turkish context. Using this open-ended, qualitative interviewing technique allowed us to understand how Turks and Syrians interacted on a daily basis and what shaped Turkish people’s perceptions about refugees. We conducted a narrative analysis based on agency and communion themes. Results showed that age of participant was negatively correlated with communion, whereas education of participant was positively correlated with agency. Agency and communion positively correlated with each other. Narratives reflected a range of reflections Turkish citizens had about the large influx of Syrian refugees.
Common ground management via evidential markers in Turkish
Authors: Kuram Kadri
Published: May 2023

This paper is a reanalysis of the Turkish evidential markers as Common Ground management tools. Based on
conversational data from Turkish National Corpus and a real-life example from the media, I demonstrate how the traditional
description of these markers fails to account for their dialogic uses. The data presented in this paper show that Turkish speakers
alternate between these markers in order to mark their epistemic relation to the utterance content relative to their addressee.
The relevant pragmatic notions marked with the Turkish evidential system are asymmetric and symmetric epistemic relation of the
speaker and addressee, resulting in the speaker’s evaluation of epistemic primacy and shared information, respectively. Turkish
also has another symmetric position where the speaker abstains from primacy claim without specifying the addressee’s epistemic
relation. These observations lead to the conclusion that Turkish evidentiality is in fact an intersubjective epistemic category in
the pragmatic component of language where intersubjectivity is defined as the speaker’s evaluation of the interlocutors’
differential perspectives.
Paradigms as second-order schemas in English noun-participle compounding
Authors: Zhan Hongwei , Huang Sihong , Sun Lei
Published: May 2023

In Cognitive Linguistics, the noun-participle compound is a grammatical category with instances of different degrees of membership. The purpose of this study is to explore the categorization processes and schematic networks in noun-participle compounding. Working with the data of noun-participle compounds from COHA, we identified three types of participles: deverbal, denominal and ambicategorical. Two schemas [Nj-Vk-ed]A and [Nj-Nk-ed]A are established as generalizations of compounds of deverbal (e.g. man-made) and denominal participles (e.g. life-sized). Compounds of ambicategorical participles (e.g. snow-covered), are sanctioned by two schemas simultaneously, which give rise to ambiguous morphological readings. This study confirms the labor division between mother-daughter links and sister links in a schema network. The higher-level generalization is encoded by paradigmatically-related sister schemas, with the sister relations built on the shared structure links and a bi-directional conversion of the stem of ppl (i.e., noun-to-verb or verb-to-noun). The sister schemas as a paradigm is a more parsimonious generalization of the compounds, than the posited mother schema.
Parametric level-set inverse problems with stochastic background estimation
Authors: Belliveau Patrick , Haber Eldad
Published: May 2023

We study parametric shape reconstruction inverse problems in which the object of interest is embedded in a heterogeneous background medium that is known only approximately. We model the background medium as a Gaussian random field and pose shape reconstruction as a stochastic programming problem in which we seek to minimize the expected value, with respect to the background field, of a stochastic objective function. We develop a computationally efficient algorithm based on the sample average approximation that reduces the effect of uncertainty in the background medium on shape recovery. We demonstrate that by using accelerated stochastic gradient descent, we can apply our method to large-scale problems. The capabilities of our method are demonstrated on a simple two-dimensional model problem and in a more demanding application to a three-dimensional inverse conductivity problem in geophysical imaging.
Ultrawideband lightweight absorber based on composite strategy with active control of absorption in the UHF band
Authors: Zhao Wenbo , Jiang Tian , Yang Yifan , Qian Guangxu , Chen Ke , Zhao Junming , Feng Yijun
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a composite strategy has been developed to achieve continuous absorption coverage from the ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) band to the Ku band. Based on this strategy, an ultrawideband lightweight composite metamaterial absorber is fabricated and measured. The composite absorber comprises two cascaded parts operating in separated frequency bands. First, we design a polarization-insensitive tunable absorber in the UHF band based on the equivalent circuit model. The measured results indicate that the tunable UHF absorber obtains a tunable −10 dB reflection coefficient from 0.88 to 1.48 GHz. Furthermore, a lightweight 3D absorber is applied to cascade with the tunable UHF absorber to constitute a ultrawideband composite absorber. The composite absorber achieves an ultrawideband absorption ranging from 0.78 to 18 GHz with a reflection coefficient below −10 dB. The overall composite structure is extremely lightweight with a surface density below 0.2897 g cm−2. This composite absorber also exhibits good angular stability, low profile, and polarization insensitiveness. We think this work is of great application potential for military and civilian applications.
Space charge dynamics of epoxy/micro-Al2O3 composites under multi-physical fields
Authors: Xie Zongliang , Pang Xi , Xu Tianlei , Liu Peng , Wei Dingxin , Wang Jingxin , Wu Zehua , Li He , Peng Zongren
Published: May 2023

The direct current gas insulated transmission line (DC GIL) technique has emerged as a promising solution to achieve carbon neutrality and enable efficient long-distance transmission of renewable energy. However, the stable and long-term operation of DC GIL insulators poses a significant challenge that requires insulating materials capable of overcoming charge accumulation issues against multi-fields, including electric, temperature, and force. Here, we investigate the space charge dynamics and electrical conductivity of epoxy (EP) resin and EP/micro-Al2O3 composites under various stimuli of electrical, thermal, and mechanical stresses, using two modified pulsed electro-acoustic and electrical conductivity measurement systems with mechanical pressure control. It is found that stronger electric fields and higher temperature conditions have a more significant impact on space charge accumulation, while higher mechanical stress results in more shallow traps in EP composites. Furthermore, the bipolar carrier transport modeling and numerical calculations are performed to rationalize the experimental observations and reveal the mechanistic impacts of multi-physical fields on the space charge behavior of EP composites for DC GIL insulator use.
Event identification based on sample feature correction algorithm for Φ-OTDR
Authors: Du Xuan , Jia Muxin , Huang Sheng , Sun Zhaoxiong , Tian Ye , Chai Quan , Li Wenchao , Zhang Jianzhong
Published: May 2023

To address the problem of decreased recognition accuracy of event samples in practical phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) monitoring scenarios due to external environmental interference, this paper proposes a feature correction algorithm based on sample feature weighting method. By establishing a correlation evaluation method and a weight allocation scheme based on sample feature correlation, combined with the back propagation (BP) algorithm, an average recognition rate of 99.50% for four types of events (climbing, strong wind, knocking and background, 6000 samples) in strong wind environments was achieved, which is 3% higher than the algorithm using BP classifier. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively enhance the performance of Φ-OTDR in complex environments.
Large-scale and tunable transparent displays based on silver nanoparticles metasurface
Authors: Chu Bo , Li Yan , Qin Yiheng , Hu Taozheng , Zhong Facheng , Zeng Fanguang , Ding Pei , Shao Li , Du Yinxiao , Tian Shuo , Chen Zhuo
Published: May 2023

We report a transparent display based on a metasurface of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), consisting of a transparent substrate and a layer of Ag NPs deposited by a dielectric film. The Ag NPs metasurface is prepared by a simple and direct annealing process. It presents a deep transmission valley at the wavelength of λ = 468 nm and enables desired transparent display by projecting the monochromatic image onto the metasurface. We also demonstrate that the formed Ag NPs can be approximated as truncated nanospheres, which have obvious directional scattering properties, and can radiate most of the scattered energy into the backward hemisphere with a relatively large angular beamwidth (the full width at half maximum of the scattered intensity) of ∼90°. Therefore, the fabricated displays possess wide viewing angles and high brightness characteristics. Additionally, the transmission modes can be red-shifted to the wavelength of λ = 527 nm by controlling the thickness of the deposited dielectric film. This approach using traditional thin film deposition and moderate annealing processing techniques enables simple, low-cost, and scalable fabrication in large areas for transparent displays.
Transmission of electromagnetic waves from a plasma globe to a light emitting diode
Authors: Helseth L E
Published: May 2023

When introducing students to the topic of energy transported by the electromagnetic field, it is sometimes helpful if both the transmission and reception of signals can be visualized. Here the use of a plasma globe as transmitter and light emitting diode as receiver is described, and how this setup may be used to initiate discussions on central topics of electromagnetic wave propagation.
Regurgitation during the fully supported condition of the percutaneous left ventricular assist device
Authors: Yin Anyun , Wen Biyang , Cao Zijian , Xie Qilian , Dai Ming
Published: May 2023

Objective. A percutaneous left ventricular assist device (PLVAD) can be used as a bridge to heart transplantation or as a temporary support for end-stage heart failure. Transvalvularly placed PLVADs may result in aortic regurgitation due to unstable pump position during fully supported operation, which may diminish the pumping effect of forward flow and predispose to complications. Therefore, accurate characterization of aortic regurgitation is essential for proper modeling of heart-pump interactions and validation of control strategies. Approach. In the present study, an improved aortic valve model was used to analyze the severity of regurgitation produced by different pump position offsets. The link between pump position offset degree and regurgitation is validated in the fixed speed mode, and the influence of pump speed on regurgitation is verified in the variable speed mode, using the mock circulatory loop (MCL) experimental platform. Main results. The greater the pump offset and the more severe the regurgitation, the more carefully the pump speed needs to be managed. To avoid over-pumping, the recommended pump speed in this study should not exceed 30 000 rpm. Significance. The modeling approach provide in this study not only makes it easier to comprehend the impact of regurgitation events on the entire interactive system during mechanical assistance, but it also aids in providing timely alerts and suitable management measures.
Particle-in-cell modeling of electron beam generated plasma
Authors: Rauf Shahid , Sydorenko D , Jubin S , Villafana W , Ethier S , Khrabrov A , Kaganovich I
Published: May 2023

Plasmas generated using energetic electron beams are well known for their low electron temperature (T
e) and plasma potential, which makes them attractive for atomic-precision plasma processing applications such as atomic layer etch and deposition. A 2-dimensional particle-in-cell model for an electron beam-generated plasma in argon confined by a constant applied magnetic field is described in this article. Plasma production primarily occurs in the path of the beam electrons in the center of the chamber. The resulting plasma spreads out in the chamber through non-ambipolar diffusion with a short-circuiting effect allowing unequal electron and ion fluxes to different regions of the bounding conductive chamber walls. The cross-field transport of the electrons (and thus the steady-state characteristics of the plasma) are strongly impacted by the magnetic field. T
e is anisotropic in the electron beam region, but low and isotropic away from the plasma production zone. The plasma density increases and the plasma becomes more confined near the region of production when the magnetic field strengthens. The magnetic field reduces both electron physical and energy transport perpendicular to the magnetic field. T
e is uniform along the magnetic field lines and slowly decreases perpendicular to it. Electrons are less energetic in the sheath regions where the sheath electric field repels and confines the low-energy electrons from the bulk plasma. Even though electron and ion densities are similar in the bulk plasma due to quasi-neutrality, electron and ion fluxes on the grounded chamber walls are unequal at most locations. Electron confinement by the magnetic field weakens with increasing pressure, and the plasma spread out farther from the electron beam region.
On the photoresponse regulations by deep-level traps in CsPbBr3 single crystal photodetectors
Authors: Li Fangpei , Peng Wenbo , Zhang Xin , Hao Yingying , Bai Ruichen , Sun Qihao , Liu Xin , Jie Wanqi , Xu Yadong
Published: May 2023

The all-inorganic halide perovskite CsPbBr3 has attracted significant attention owing to its excellent opto-electronic properties. However, deep-level traps within the material are significant for the properties of CsPbBr3 based opto-electronic devices. In this study, the effects of deep-level traps on the photoresponse characteristics of CsPbBr3 photodetectors were thoroughly studied. By tailoring the illumination combinations where 532 nm light emitting diode (LED) illumination corresponds to the band-to-band excitation of photo-carriers and 648 nm LED illumination corresponds to sub-band excitation by the deep-level traps, it is proven that the device photoresponse performance is improved by the existence of deep-level traps. The photoresponsivity was enhanced by ∼63.64% (from 0.44 to 0.72 A W−1) under 3.18 μW cm−2 532 nm LED illumination. The rise/fall time was reduced by 21.95% (from 20.5 to 16.0 ms)/25.47% (from 21.2 to 15.8 ms). The underlying physical mechanisms of deep level trap-induced modulations on the photoresponse performance of the CsPbBr3 photodetector were revealed and discussed. By further systematic simulation of the effects of material properties on the photoresponse regulation, it was concluded that a shorter carrier lifetime, higher carrier mobility, higher trap concentration, and deeper trap level could improve the photoresponse of the CsPbBr3 photodetector. This study aims to clarify the physical relation between material properties and device performance and provide guidance for high-performance CsPbBr3 photodetector design.