bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BEYANÎ’NİN BAHR-I TAVİL’İ
Authors: AKSOYAK İsmail Hakkı
Published: April 2019

Edebiyatımızda Anadolu sahasında ilk
örneğini XV. yüzyılda Ahmet Paşa’nın yazdığı bu nazım şeklini, çeşitli
dönemlerde birçok şairin tercih ettiği bilinmektedir. Bunlardan biri de
Beyanî’dir. Beyanî, hem şekil ve muhteva hem de üslup bakımından diğerlerinden
farklılık arz eden bu bahr-ı tavîlinde; Türkçe, Farsça ve Arapça unsurları bir
arada kullanarak farklı bir tarz yakalamıştır. Bu daha önceden tarafımızdan
yazılan  makaleler ile  bahr-ı tavîller üzerinde genel bir değerlendirme
yapılmış, Beyanî’nin bahr-ı tavîlinin şekil ve muhteva özellikleri üzerinde durularak
bilinen bir çok nüshasından hareketle transkribe edilmiş metnine yer
verilmiştir.
KIYÂFETÜ’L-İNSÂNİYYE FÎ ŞEMÂİLİ’L-OSMÂNİYYE’DEN HAREKETLE OSMANLI PADİŞAHLARININ GERÇEK PORTRESİ
Authors: İNANAN Özgenay
Published: April 2019

Osmanlı padişahlarının heybetli
görünüşleri ve güzel yaratılışları her dönemde merak edilen konular arasında
yer almaktadır. Tasvir sanatı, Osmanlı döneminde resim sanatına kıyasla daha
çok ön plana çıkmaktadır. Metin içi tasvirler eserde yer verilen minyatürlere
zemin hazırlamaktadır. Bu tür eserlerde bulunan şahsiyetlerin kılık
kıyafetleri, karakteristik özellikleri, olaylar karşısındaki tutumları gözler
önüne serilir bu vesileyle dönemin sosyal hayatına dair izlere dahi rastlamak mümkündür.

Bu çalışmada Seyyid Lokman Çelebi bin
Hüseynî al-Asûrî al-Urmevî’nin 16. yüzyılda kaleme aldığı Kıyâfetü’l-İnsâniyye
Fî-Şema’ili’l-Osmâniyye adlı eseri merkeze alınarak Osman Gazi’den III. Murad’a
kadar toplam on iki Osmanlı padişahının gerçek karakter özellikleri ve dış
görünüşleri üzerinde durulmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu hususta eserde yer alan
tasvirler ve bu tasvirler eşliğinde Nakkaş Osman’ın resmettiği portrelerden
yola çıkılarak padişahlar hakkında genel belirlemeler yapılacak, ardından
padişahların ayırt edici özellikleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Genel belirlemeler;
padişahlar hakkında yapılan sade ve süslü tasvirler olarak metinde yer alan örnekler
üzerinden açıklanacak metinde yer alan ibarelere göre padişahlar arasındaki
genetik özellikler üzerinde durulacaktır. Ardından padişahları birbirinden
ayıran ve ön plana çıkaran karakter özellikleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Bu belirlemelerden
sonra başlıklar hâlinde her padişahın metinde bulunan tasvirleri ve portreleri
yer alacaktır; böylelikle Nakkaş Osman’ın resmettiği portreler ile Seyyid
Lokman Çelebi’nin tarif ettiği Osmanlı padişahlarının dış görünüşleri ve
karakterleri ile zihnimizde tam anlamıyla gerçek portreler oluşturulması
hedeflenmektedir.
AZMÎ-ZÂDE HÂLETÎ DİVANI’NDA “HALKA” KELİMESİNİN KULLANIM BAĞLAMLARI
Authors: ÖZTÜRK ASLIHAN
Published: April 2019

Divan
şiirinin anlam zenginliği göz önünde bulundurulduğunda bağlam, şüphesiz büyük
önem taşımaktadır. Kavramlar, hayaller, mazmunlar kendilerinden önce veya sonra
gelen kavramlarla ilintili olarak yüzlerce farklı mana taşıyabilmektedirler.

Genel
itibarıyla yuvarlaklıkla ilgili olan “halka” kelimesinin sözlüklerde yirmiden
fazla anlamı bulunmaktadır. Kelimenin anlam bakımından bu denli zengin olması,
divan şairlerinin yuvarlaklıkla ilgili kurdukları hayallerde “halka”
kelimesinin anlam zenginliğinden yararlanmalarını sağlamıştır. XVII. yüzyıl
şairlerinden Azmî-zâde Hâletî de bu kelimenin anlam zenginliğinden faydalanan
şairlerdendir. Azmî-zâde Hâletî Divanı’nda halka kelimesinin sekiz farklı
manada toplam 38 defa kullanıldığı görülmektedir.

Halka
kelimesi, tek başına kullanıldığında karşıladığı anlamların yanı sıra birtakım
kelimelerle bir araya gelip kelime grubu oluşturduğunda da yeni anlamlar
kazanmaktadır. Azmî-zâde Hâletî Divanı’nda halka kelimesinin bu tür üç farklı
kullanımı görülmektedir. Bunlardan ilki kelimenin “zikr, irşât” gibi kelimelerle
bir araya gelerek kazandığı tasavvufî terim anlamıdır. İkincisi divan edebiyatında
sıklıkla kullanılan “halka-begûş yahut halka der-gûş” sonuncusu ise “halka-i
der gibi olmak” yani kapı halkası gibi olmaktır. Bu çalışmada “halka”
kelimesinin Azmî-zâde Hâletî Divanı’nda tek başına ve diğer kelimelerle bir
araya gelip kalıp ifadeler oluşturduğunda hangi anlamlarda kullanıldığı
değerlendirilecektir.
TUHFE-İ MURÂDÎ’DE “CANAVAR” KELİMESİNİN BAĞLAMI ÜZERİNE
Authors: GÖK Selim
Published: April 2019

Farsça’dan dilimize geçmiş “canavar” kelimesi, klasik
metinlerde gerçek ve soyut manalarda kullanılmaktadır. Değerli taşlardan
bahseden Tuhfe-i Murâdî isimli eserde, canavar kelimesinin inciyi oluşturan
istiridyeyi kastettiği görülmüştür. Tarihsel süreçte bu kelime; mitolojik
unsurların, yaşantıların ve coğrafyanın etkisiyle farklı bağlamlar
kazanmıştır.  Başlangıçta istiridye-inci
çiftine suyun hayatî özelliklerinin yüklenmesi doğum ve doğurganlık
kavramlarıyla özdeşleşmiştir. Sonrasında istiridye sembolü ve onun taşıdığı
anlam; tanrı krallara atfedilmiştir. Bu özellikleri taşıyan yöneticiler
(canavarlar); refahın, bereketin ve ölümsüzlüğün kaynağı olarak görülmüşlerdir.
Lakin iyi kralların başka krallarla olan mücadeleleri iyi-kötü canavar (kral)
formları ortaya çıkarmıştır. Zamanla canavar; ejderha ile aynı form içinde
değerlendirilmiş ve hazineyi bekleyen dev canavar tasavvurları oluşmuştur. Bu
durum istiridyenin(canavarın) canlılık formunun zamanla erk özellikler gösteren
tanrı-kral formuna dönüşmesine neden olmuştur. Çünkü kadim toplumlara göre güç
ve hayat verme özelliği tanrı krallara ait bir özelliktir. Aynı zamanda
canlılar arasında sadece erkeği hamile kalan denizatları şeklî olarak ejderhaya
benzemektedir. Bu canlı hem erildir ve gücü elinde tutmaktadır hem de
doğurganlık gibi dişil bir özelliğe sahiptir. 
Bu bağlamda Tuhfe-i Murâdî’de geçen “arastôrûs”
istiridyesinin; mitolojilerdeki diş, boynuz, boğa kavramlarıyla özdeşleşen ve
yağmurlu mevsimlerde ortaya çıkan bir çeşit istiridye türü olduğu
anlaşılmıştır. “aries(koç) ve taurus(boğa)” burçlarının zaman olarak karşılığı;
“arastôrûs” un deniz yüzeyine çıktığı mart ve nisan aylarına rastlamaktadır.
Sonuç olarak, istiridyelerin doğurganlık özelliklerinin denizatları ile ortak
bir “canavar-ejderha” formu oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Günümüzdeki
canavarlar ise istiridyenin ikiye açılan ağzından ve keskin, sivri dişlerinden
oluşan “can alan yırtıcı varlık” formunu karşılamaktadır.
GENÇ KALEMLER SONRASI ÖMER SEYFETTİN’İN DİL VE MİLLÎ EDEBİYAT HAKKINDAKİ GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: AKTAŞ Atilla
Published: April 2019

Yeni Lisan hareketinin önde gelen
temsilcilerinden biri olan Ömer Seyfettin, dilin sadeleşmesi yolunda attığı
adımlar ve koyduğu esaslarla, Tanzimat’tan beri bütün edip ve şairleri meşgul
eden dil sorununa bir çözüm ve istikamet kazandırmıştır. Yeni Lisan ile yeni
bir edebiyat ve yeni ve millî bir yaşam tarzı inşa etme amacı güden Genç
Kalemler mecmuası kapandıktan sonra savaşa giden Ömer Seyfettin, geri döndüğü
1914 itibaren çeşitli gazete ve mecmualarda dil ve edebiyat konusundaki
makalelerini yayınlamaya devam etmiştir. Ömer Seyfettin bu yazılarında dilin
sadeleşmesi için ortaya koydukları esasları ısrarla savunmaya devam etmiştir.
Millî edebiyatın da ana çerçevelerini açıklayan Ömer Seyfettin, dil ve
edebiyatı millet olmanın esası kabul etmiştir.

Bu makale giriş ve sonuç
bölümlerini dışarda bıraktığımız takdirde iki bölümden oluşmuştur. İlk bölümde
Ömer Seyfettin’in dil ile ilgili görüşleri genel bir değerlendirme yapılarak
ele alınmıştır. İlk bölüm dört alt başlığa sahiptir. İlk başlıkta Ömer
Seyfettin’in dil ve millet arasında kurduğu ilişki, ikinci başlıkta dile
yüklediği ideolojik işlev, üçüncü başlıkta dilde tasfiye yapıldığı suçlamasına
yönelik cevapları, dördüncü başlıkta ise dilde sadeleştirmede norm olarak kabul
edilen İstanbul Türkçesi meselesi ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde Ömer
Seyfettin’in millî edebiyat için ortaya koyduğu kriterler değerlendirilerek,
alt başlıklar halinde millî edebiyata yüklediği işlev, millî edebiyatın
sınırları ve millî vezin olarak kabul ettiği hece vezni ele alınmıştır.
Böylelikle Ömer Seyfettin’in Genç Kalemler mecmuasının dışında kalan
yazılarından hareketle onun dil ve edebiyat milliyetçiliği açıklanmaya
çalışılmıştır.
Biogas Production from Dining Hall Waste and Landfill Leachate in a Two Stage R&D Facility
Authors: Yiğit Kadri Süleyman
Published: April 2019

Taking into consideration recovery dining hall waste from university cafeteria and nutrient reduction of landfill leachate, they were mixed at a temperature of 36±1°C and for a period of 90 days in a two stage biogas production R&D facility with a total volume of 5m3, and then experiments were done. Experiment-I was performed to engage the second digester as a priority, and Experiment-II was performed to engage the first digester. After the required bacteria formation was ensured, the first digester was daily fed with mixture of dining hall waste with 10% solid matter content and landfill leachate weighing 167 kg in total regularly feeding in Experiment-III. Analyses and measurements of total solids (TS), total volatile solids (TVS), C% and N% percentages, pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and inhibitive of the organic waste samples were measured from the feedstock, digesters, and fertilizer tanks. In addition, daily biogas samples were taken and concentrations of CH4(%) with mass flow rate of the biogas were measured. The results showed that in case dining hall waste and landfill leachate was mixed, the first digester worked at pH values of around 4.5–5.5 and performed the task of hydrolysis and acidification. The second digester performed the task of bio-methanation successfully.
A Novel Reflectarray Antenna with Reduced RCS
Authors: Bodur Hande , Ünaldı Sibel , Çimen Sibel , Çakır Gonca
Published: April 2019

A novel frequency selective
surface (FSS) configuration in the reflectarray antenna is proposed for
reduction of radar cross section (RCS) level in this work. Double-layer FSS
structure is located behind the reflectarray antenna as a ground. A 9

9 elements FSS with variable size patches has same
geometry with the reflectarray antenna. The RCS reduction performance of
reflectarray antenna both ground plane backed and FSS backed is compared. The
results of simulation are obtained by using CST Microwave Studio. The
simulation results show that RCS level of FSS backed reflectarray antenna is
reduced both in-band (8-12 GHz) and out-of-band (2-7 GHz and 13-18 GHz). In the
literature, RCS reduction of reflectarray antenna with FSS structure has only been
achieved out-of-band. Furthermore, the gain and
radiation performance of the ground plane backed reflectarray antenna and FSS
backed reflectarray antenna are compatible with each other.
Polydopamine-coated Au nanorods for targeted fluorescent cell imaging and photothermal therapy
Authors: Khlebtsov Boris Nikolayevich , Burov Andrey Mikhailovich , Pylaev Timofey Evgenevich , Khlebtsov Nikolai G
Published: April 2019

Au nanorods (AuNRs) have attracted a great interest as a platform for constructing various composite core/shell nanoparticles for theranostics applications. However, the development of robust methods for coating AuNRs with a biocompatible shell of high loading capacity and with functional groups still remains challenging. Here, we coated AuNRs with a polydopamine (PDA) shell and functionalized AuNR-PDA particles with folic acid and rhodamine 123 (R123) to fabricate AuNR-PDA-R123-folate nanocomposites. To the best of our knowledge, such AuNR-PDA-based composites combining fluorescent imaging and plasmonic phothothermal abilities have not been reported previously. The multifunctional nanoparticles were stable in cell buffer, nontoxic and suitable for targeted fluorescent imaging and photothermal therapy of cancer cells. We demonstrate the enhanced accumulation of folate-functionalized nanoparticles in folate-positive HeLa cells in contrast to the folate-negative HEK 293 cells using fluorescent microscopy. The replacement of folic acid with polyethylene glycol (PEG) leads to a decrease in nanoparticle uptake by both folate-positive and folate-negative cells. We performed NIR light-mediated targeted phototherapy using AuNR-PDA-R123-folate and obtained a remarkable cancer cell killing efficiency in vitro in comparison with only weak-efficient nontargeted PEGylated nanoparticles. Our work illustrates that AuNR-PDA could be a promising nanoplatform for multifunctional tumor theranostics in the future.
New α- and β-cyclodextrin derivatives with cinchona alkaloids used in asymmetric organocatalytic reactions
Authors: Tichá Iveta Chena , Hybelbauerová Simona , Jindřich Jindřich
Published: April 2019

The preparation of new organocatalysts for asymmetric syntheses has become a key stage of enantioselective catalysis. In particular, the development of new cyclodextrin (CD)-based organocatalysts allowed to perform enantioselective reactions in water and to recycle catalysts. However, only a limited number of organocatalytic moieties and functional groups have been attached to CD scaffolds so far. Cinchona alkaloids are commonly used to catalyze a wide range of enantioselective reactions. Thus, in this study, we report the preparation of new α- and β-CD derivatives monosubstituted with cinchona alkaloids (cinchonine, cinchonidine, quinine and quinidine) on the primary rim through a CuAAC click reaction. Subsequently, permethylated analogs of these cinchona alkaloid–CD derivatives also were synthesized and the catalytic activity of all derivatives was evaluated in several enantioselective reactions, specifically in the asymmetric allylic amination (AAA), which showed a promising enantiomeric excess of up to 75% ee. Furthermore, a new disubstituted α-CD catalyst was prepared as a pure AD regioisomer and also tested in the AAA. Our results indicate that (i) the cinchona alkaloid moiety can be successfully attached to CD scaffolds through a CuAAC reaction, (ii) the permethylated cinchona alkaloid–CD catalysts showed better results than the non-methylated CDs analogues in the AAA reaction, (iii) promising enantiomeric excesses are achieved, and (iv) the disubstituted CD derivatives performed similarly to monosubstituted CDs. Therefore, these new CD derivatives with cinchona alkaloids effectively catalyze asymmetric allylic aminations and have the potential to be successfully applied in other enantioselective reactions.
The Neutral Gas Properties of Extremely Isolated Early-type Galaxies III
Authors: Ashley Trisha , Marcum Pamela M. , Alpaslan Mehmet , Fanelli Michael N. , Frost James D.
Published: April 2019

We report on the neutral hydrogen gas content (21 cm emission) of eight extremely isolated early-type galaxies (IEGs) using the Green Bank Telescope. Emission is detected in seven of the eight objects. This paper is the third in a series that collectively present new H i observations for 20 IEGs. Among the 14 H i detections in our observations, eight exhibit a Gaussian-like H i line profile shape, four are double-peaked, one is triple-peaked, and another has a plateaued rectangular shape. Five additional IEGs observed in previous surveys were added to our analysis, bringing the total number of IEGs with H i observations to 25. Of these objects, emission is detected in 19 (76%). The 25 IEGs in our combined study have gas masses that are systematically larger than their luminosity-matched comparison galaxy counterparts. The IEGs presented here follow a trend of increasing gas-richness with bluer B − V colors. This correlation is also observed in a comparison sample drawn from the literature composed of loose group and field early-type galaxies. Two IEGs, KIG 164 and KIG 870, exhibit properties highly anomalous for spheroidal systems: luminous (M
B = −20.5, −20.1) and blue (B − V = 0.47, 0.48), respectively, with substantial neutral gas, M
H i
 = 4.1 and 5.5 × 109
M
☉. Other IEG systems may represent early-type galaxies continuing to assemble via quiescent H i accretion from the cosmic web or relaxed merged systems.
Role of Environment on Nuclear Activity
Authors: Amiri Amirnezam , Tavasoli Saeed , De Zotti Gianfranco
Published: April 2019

Motivated by the apparently conflicting results reported in the literature on the effect of environment on nuclear activity, we have carried out a new analysis by comparing the fraction of galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the most overdense regions (rich galaxy clusters) and the most underdense ones (voids) in the local universe. Exploiting the classical BPT diagnostics, we have extracted volume-limited samples of star-forming and AGN galaxies. We find that, at variance with star-forming galaxies, AGN galaxies have similar distributions of specific star formation rates and of galactic ages (as indicated by the D

n
4000 parameter) both in clusters and in voids. In both environments galaxies hosting AGNs are generally old, with low star formation activity. The AGN fraction increases faster with stellar mass in clusters than in voids, especially above 1010.2
M
⊙. Our results indicate that, in the local universe, the nuclear activity correlates with stellar mass and galaxy morphology and is weakly, if at all, affected by the local galaxy density.
High-precision Dynamical Masses of Pre-main-sequence Stars with ALMA and Gaia
Authors: Sheehan Patrick D. , Wu Ya-Lin , Eisner Josh A. , Tobin John J.
Published: April 2019

The Keplerian rotation in protoplanetary disks can be used to robustly measure stellar masses at very high precision if the source distance is known. We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of spatially and spectrally resolved 12CO (2–1) emission toward the disks around 2MASS J16262774–2527247 (the tertiary companion to ROXs 12 at 5100 au), CT Cha, and DH Tau. We employ detailed modeling of the Keplerian rotation profile, coupled with accurate distances from Gaia, to directly measure the stellar masses with ∼2% precision. We also compare these direct mass measurements with the masses inferred from evolutionary models, determined in a statistically rigorous way. We find that 2MASS J16262774–2527247 has a mass of

0.535

−
0.007

+
0.006

M

⊙

and CT Cha has a mass of

0.796

−
0.014

+
0.015

M

⊙

, broadly consistent with evolutionary models, although potentially significant differences remain. DH Tau has a mass of

0.101

−
0.003

+
0.004

M

⊙

, but it suffers from strong foreground absorption that may affect our mass estimate. The combination of ALMA, Gaia, and codes like pdspy, presented here, can be used to infer the dynamical masses for large samples of young stars and substellar objects, and place constraints on evolutionary models.
Helical Twisting Number and Braiding Linkage Number of Solar Coronal Loops
Authors: Aschwanden Markus J.
Published: April 2019

Coronal loops in active regions are often characterized by quasi-circular and helically twisted (sigmoidal) geometries, which are consistent with dipolar potential field (PF) models in the former case, and with nonlinear force-free field models with vertical currents in the latter case. Alternatively, Parker-type nanoflare models of the solar corona hypothesize that a braiding mechanism operates between unresolved loop strands, which is a more complex topological model. In this study we use the vertical-current approximation of a nonpotential magnetic field solution (that fulfils the divergence-free and force-free conditions) to characterize the number of helical turns N
twist in twisted coronal loops. We measure the helical twist in 15 active regions observed with Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager/SDO (Solar Dynamic Observatory) and find a mean nonpotentiality angle (between the potential and nonpotential field directions) of μ
NP = 15° ± 3°. The resulting mean rotational twist angle is φ = 49° ± 11°, which corresponds to N
twist = φ/360° = 0.14 ± 0.03 turns with respect to the untwisted PF, with an absolute upper limit of N
twist ≲ 0.5, which is far below the kink instability limit of

. The number of twist turns N
twist corresponds to the Gauss linkage number N
link in braiding topologies. We conclude that any braided topology (with

) cannot explain the observed stability of loops in a force-free corona, nor the observed low twist number. Parker-type nanoflaring can thus occur in non-force-free environments only, such as in the chromosphere and transition region.
VEGAS: A VST Early-type GAlaxy Survey. IV. NGC 1533, IC 2038, and IC 2039: An Interacting Triplet in the Dorado Group
Authors: Cattapan Arianna , Spavone Marilena , Iodice Enrichetta , Rampazzo Roberto , Ciroi Stefano , Ryan-Weber Emma , Schipani Pietro , Capaccioli Massimo , Grado Aniello , Limatola Luca , Mazzei Paola , Held Enrico V. , Marino Antonietta
Published: April 2019

This paper focuses on NGC 1533 and the pair IC 2038 and IC 2039 in Dorado a nearby, clumpy, still un-virialized group. We obtained their surface photometry from deep OmegaCAM@ESO-VST images in g and r bands. For NGC 1533, we map the surface brightness down to μ

g
 ≃ 30.11 mag arcsec−2 and μ

r
 ≃ 28.87 mag arcsec−2 and out to about 4 R

e
. At such faint levels, the structure of NGC 1533 appears amazingly disturbed with clear structural asymmetry between inner and outer isophotes in the northeast direction. We detect new spiral arm-like tails in the outskirts, which might likely be the signature of a past interaction/merging event. Similarly, IC 2038 and IC 2039 show tails and distortions indicative of their ongoing interaction. Taking advantage of deep images, we are able to detect the optical counterpart to the H i gas. The analysis of the new deep data suggests that NGC 1533 had a complex history made of several interactions with low-mass satellites that generated the star-forming spiral-like structure in the inner regions and are shaping the stellar envelope. In addition, the VST observations also show that the two less luminous galaxies, IC 2038 and IC 2039, are probably interacting each other and IC 2038 could have also interacted with NGC 1533 in the past, which stripped away gas and stars from its outskirts. The new picture emerging from this study is that of an interacting triplet, where the brightest galaxy, NGC 1533, has ongoing mass assembly in the outskirts.
Bilby: A User-friendly Bayesian Inference Library for
Gravitational-wave Astronomy
Authors: Ashton Gregory , Hübner Moritz , Lasky Paul D. , Talbot Colm , Ackley Kendall , Biscoveanu Sylvia , Chu Qi , Divakarla Atul , Easter Paul J. , Goncharov Boris , Vivanco Francisco Hernandez , Harms Jan , Lower Marcus E. , Meadors Grant D. , Melchor Denyz , Payne Ethan , Pitkin Matthew D. , Powell Jade , Sarin Nikhil , Smith Rory J. E. , Thrane Eric
Published: April 2019

Bayesian parameter estimation is fast becoming the language of gravitational-wave
astronomy. It is the method by which gravitational-wave data is used to infer
the sources’ astrophysical properties. We introduce a user-friendly Bayesian
inference library for gravitational-wave astronomy, Bilby. This
Python code provides expert-level parameter estimation
infrastructure with straightforward syntax and tools that facilitate use by
beginners. It allows users to perform accurate and reliable gravitational-wave
parameter estimation on both real, freely available data from LIGO/Virgo and
simulated data. We provide a suite of examples for the analysis of compact
binary mergers and other types of signal models, including supernovae and the
remnants of binary neutron star mergers. These examples illustrate how to change
the signal model, implement new likelihood functions, and add new detectors.
Bilby has additional functionality to do population studies using
hierarchical Bayesian modeling. We provide an example in which we infer the
shape of the black hole mass distribution from an ensemble of observations of
binary black hole mergers.
Local Simulations of MRI turbulence with Meshless Methods
Authors: Deng Hongping , Mayer Lucio , Latter Henrik , Hopkins Philip F. , Bai Xue-Ning
Published: April 2019

The magneto-rotational instability (MRI) is one of the most important processes in sufficiently ionized astrophysical disks. Grid-based simulations, especially those using the local shearing box approximation, provide a powerful tool to study the nonlinear turbulence the MRI produces. On the other hand, meshless methods have been widely used in cosmology, galactic dynamics, and planet formation, but have not been fully deployed on the MRI problem. We present local unstratified and vertically stratified MRI simulations with two meshless MHD schemes: a recent implementation of smoothed-particle magnetohydrodynamics (SPH MHD), and a meshless finite-mass (MFM) MHD scheme with constrained gradient divergence cleaning, as implemented in the GIZMO code. Concerning variants of the SPH hydro force formulation, we consider both the “vanilla” SPH and the PSPH variant included in GIZMO. We find, as expected, that the numerical noise inherent in these schemes significantly affects turbulence. Furthermore, a high-order kernel, free of the pairing instability, is necessary. Both schemes adequately simulate MRI turbulence in unstratified shearing boxes with net vertical flux. The turbulence, however, dies out in zero-net-flux unstratified boxes, probably due to excessive numerical dissipation. In zero-net-flux vertically stratified simulations, MFM can reproduce the MRI dynamo and its characteristic butterfly diagram for several tens of orbits before ultimately decaying. In contrast, extremely strong toroidal fields, as opposed to sustained turbulence, develop in equivalent simulations using SPH MHD. The latter unphysical state is likely caused by a combination of excessive artificial viscosity, numerical resistivity, and the relatively large residual errors in the divergence of the magnetic field.
New combinations for two hybrids in Salvia subg. Rosmarinus (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Roma-Marzio Francesco , Galasso Gabriele
Published: April 2019

 
Striatiguttulaceae, a new pleosporalean family to accommodate Longicorpus and Striatiguttula gen. nov. from palms
Authors: Zhang Sheng-Nan , Hyde Kevin D. , Jones E.B. Gareth , Jeewon Rajesh , Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan , Liu Jian-Kui
Published: April 2019

Palms represent the most morphological diverse monocotyledonous plants and support a vast array of fungi. Recent examinations of palmicolous fungi in Thailand led to the discovery of a group of morphologically similar and interesting taxa. A polyphasic approach based on morphology, multi-gene phylogenetic analyses and divergence time estimates supports the establishment of a novel pleosporalean family Striatiguttulaceae, which diversified approximately 39 (20–63) MYA (crown age) and 60 (35–91) MYA (stem age). Striatiguttulaceae is characterized by stromata or ascomata with a short to long neck, trabeculate pseudoparaphyses and fusiform to ellipsoidal, 1–3-septate ascospores, with longitudinal striations and paler end cells, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis showed that taxa of Striatiguttulaceae form a well-supported and distinct monophyletic clade in Pleosporales, and related to Ligninsphaeriaceae and Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae. However, these families can be morphologically demarcated by the slit-like ascomata and extremely large ascospores in Ligninsphaeriaceae and the rather narrow fusiform ascospores in Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae. Eight strains of Striatiguttulaceae formed two monophyletic sub-clades, which can be recognized as Longicorpusgen. nov. and Striatiguttulagen. nov. Morphologically, the genus Longicorpus can be differentiated from Striatiguttula by its elongated immersed ascomata and fusiform ascospores with relatively larger middle cells and paler end cells. Two new species Striatiguttulanypae and S.phoenicis, and one new combination, Longicorpusstriataspora are introduced with morphological details, and phylogenetic relationships are discussed based on DNA sequence data.
Consistency of impact assessment protocols for non-native species
Authors: González-Moreno Pablo , Lazzaro Lorenzo , Vilà Montserrat , Preda Cristina , Adriaens Tim , Bacher Sven , Brundu Giuseppe , Copp Gordon H. , Essl Franz , García-Berthou Emili , Katsanevakis Stelios , Moen Toril Loennechen , Lucy Frances E. , Nentwig Wolfgang , Roy Helen E. , Srėbalienė Greta , Talgø  Venche , Vanderhoeven Sonia , Andjelković Ana , Arbačiauskas Kęstutis , Auger-Rozenberg Marie-Anne , Bae Mi-Jung , Bariche Michel , Boets Pieter , Boieiro Mário , Borges Paulo Alexandre , Canning-Clode João , Cardigos Federico , Chartosia Niki , Cottier-Cook Elizabeth Joanne , Crocetta Fabio , D'hondt Bram , Foggi Bruno , Follak Swen , Gallardo Belinda , Gammelmo Øivind , Giakoumi Sylvaine , Giuliani Claudia , Guillaume Fried , Jelaska Lucija Šerić , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Jover Miquel , Juárez-Escario Alejandro , Kalogirou Stefanos , Kočić Aleksandra , Kytinou Eleni , Laverty Ciaran , Lozano Vanessa , Maceda-Veiga Alberto , Marchante Elizabete , Marchante Hélia , Martinou Angeliki F. , Meyer Sandro , Minchin Dan , Montero-Castaño Ana , Morais Maria Cristina , Morales-Rodriguez Carmen , Muhthassim Naida , Nagy Zoltán Á. , Ogris Nikica , Onen Huseyin , Pergl Jan , Puntila Riikka , Rabitsch Wolfgang , Ramburn Triya Tessa , Rego Carla , Reichenbach Fabian , Romeralo Carmen , Saul Wolf-Christian , Schrader Gritta , Sheehan Rory , Simonović Predrag , Skolka Marius , Soares António Onofre , Sundheim Leif , Tarkan Ali Serhan , Tomov Rumen , Tricarico Elena , Tsiamis Konstantinos , Uludağ Ahmet , van Valkenburg Johan , Verreycken Hugo , Vettraino Anna Maria , Vilar Lluís , Wiig Øystein , Witzell Johanna , Zanetta Andrea , Kenis Marc
Published: April 2019

Standardized tools are needed to identify and prioritize the most harmful non-native species (NNS). A plethora of assessment protocols have been developed to evaluate the current and potential impacts of non-native species, but consistency among them has received limited attention. To estimate the consistency across impact assessment protocols, 89 specialists in biological invasions used 11 protocols to screen 57 NNS (2614 assessments). We tested if the consistency in the impact scoring across assessors, quantified as the coefficient of variation (CV), was dependent on the characteristics of the protocol, the taxonomic group and the expertise of the assessor. Mean CV across assessors was 40%, with a maximum of 223%. CV was lower for protocols with a low number of score levels, which demanded high levels of expertise, and when the assessors had greater expertise on the assessed species. The similarity among protocols with respect to the final scores was higher when the protocols considered the same impact types. We conclude that all protocols led to considerable inconsistency among assessors. In order to improve consistency, we highlight the importance of selecting assessors with high expertise, providing clear guidelines and adequate training but also deriving final decisions collaboratively by consensus.
Taxonomic studies of pteridophytes of Ambon and Seram (Moluccas) collected on Indonesian-Japanese botanical expeditions 1983–1986. XIII. Hymenophyllaceae
Authors: Iwatsuki Kunio , Ebihara Atsushi , Kato Masahiro
Published: April 2019

Identifications are given for 713 specimens of Hymenophyllaceae collected on Ambon and Seram islands, the Moluccas, Indonesia, during 1983–86. The collection is composed of forty-seven species and one variety belonging to seven genera. The dataset is deposited in GBIF and available at https://www.gbif.jp/ipt/resource?r=seram_hymen.
Therapy with Biologic Agents After Diagnosis of Solid Malignancies: Results from the Corrona Registry
Authors: Pappas Dimitrios A. , Rebello Sabrina , Liu Mei , Schenfeld Jennifer , Li YouFu , Collier David H. , Accortt Neil A.
Published: April 2019

Objective.

Guidelines suggest that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with previously treated solid malignancy may be treated as patients without such history. The recommendation is based on limited evidence, and rheumatologists and patients are frequently hesitant to start or continue biologic therapy after a cancer diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe biologic use in real-world patients with RA following a malignancy diagnosis.

Methods.

RA patients enrolled in the Corrona registry and diagnosed with solid malignancy with at least 1 followup visit within 12 months after diagnosis were included in this analysis. The proportion of patients continuing or initiating biological/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD/tsDMARD) after diagnosis was estimated. Median time to initiation of bDMARD/tsDMARD after diagnosis was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the proportion initiating biologic treatment in 6-month time intervals was estimated using the life-table method.

Results.

There were 880 patients who met inclusion criteria with 2585 person-years total followup time postdiagnosis. Of those, 367 (41.7%) were treated with bDMARD/tsDMARD within 12 months preceding malignancy, of whom 270 (30.7%) were taking such agents at first postdiagnosis visit. Forty-four (5%) switched biologic agents within 36 months and an additional 90 patients (10.2%) started a biologic. The majority of bDMARD/tsDMARD initiations during followup was a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi; 53.5%).

Conclusion.

In real-world practice, nearly one-third of RA patients with a cancer diagnosis were treated with systemic therapy in the immediate visit after malignancy diagnosis and a considerable percentage of malignancy survivors initiated biologic therapy within 3 years. The majority of bDMARD/tsDMARD initiations post-malignancy diagnosis was a TNFi.
Whole-body Magnetic Resonance Imaging Inflammation in Peripheral Joints and Entheses in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Distribution and Changes during Adalimumab Treatment
Authors: Krabbe Simon , Eshed Iris , Sørensen Inge Juul , Jensen Bente , Møller Jakob M. , Balding Lone , Madsen Ole Rintek , Pedersen Susanne Juhl , Østergaard Mikkel
Published: April 2019

Objective.

To investigate the distribution of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) inflammatory lesions of peripheral joints and entheses, and their response to adalimumab (ADA) treatment and agreement with clinical measures of disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods.

Explorative analysis of an investigator-initiated randomized controlled trial of ADA. WB-MRI was performed at weeks 0, 6, 24, and 48. Detailed analyses of WB-MRI lesions in peripheral joints and entheses were performed, including agreement with clinical measures of disease activity.

Results.

WB-MRI inflammatory lesions were most frequently observed in the acromioclavicular, metatarsophalangeal, and wrist joints (> 10% of joints), and at the greater trochanter, calcaneal insertion of the Achilles tendon, and ischial tuberosity (> 15% of entheses). Inflammation resolved in ≥ 2/3 of involved sternoclavicular, metacarpophalangeal, first carpometacarpal, hip, and tarsometatarsal joints, and pubic symphyses and medial femoral condyles. In contrast, inflammation resolved in ≤ 1/6 of involved acromioclavicular joints, knee joints, and supraspinatus tendon insertions at humerus. Tenderness of joints and entheses agreed poorly with WB-MRI inflammation (κ < 0.40). Joint tenderness resolved more frequently in MRI-positive than MRI-negative joints (8/13, 62% vs 9/34, 26%) after 6 weeks of active treatment.

Conclusion.

Inflammatory lesions of peripheral joints and entheses in patients with predominantly axSpA, and changes therein, can be mapped using WB-MRI, and it may contribute to differentiate between inflammatory and noninflammatory joint tenderness. (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials NCT01029847).
Considerations for Evaluating and Recommending Worker Productivity Outcome Measures: An Update from the OMERACT Worker Productivity Group
Authors: Verstappen Suzanne M.M. , Lacaille Diane , Boonen Annelies , Escorpizo Reuben , Hofstetter Catherine , Bosworth Ailsa , Leong Amye , Leggett Sarah , Gignac Monique A.M. , Wallman Johan K. , Ter Wee Marieke M. , Berghea Florian , Agaliotis Maria , Tugwell Peter , Beaton Dorcas
Published: April 2019

Objective.

The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Worker Productivity Group continues efforts to assess psychometric properties of measures of presenteeism.

Methods.

Psychometric properties of single-item and dual answer multiitem scales were assessed, as well as methods to evaluate thresholds of meaning.

Results.

Test-retest reliability and construct validity of single item global measures was moderate to good. The value of measuring both degree of difficulty and amount of time with difficulty in multiitems questionnaires was confirmed. Thresholds of meaning vary depending on methods and external anchors applied.

Conclusion.

We have advanced our understanding of the performance of presenteeism measures and have developed approaches to describing thresholds of meaning.
Investigating Dimensions of Stiffness in Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis: The Australian Rheumatology Association Database Registry and OMERACT Collaboration
Authors: Sinnathurai Premarani , Bartlett Susan J. , Halls Serena , Hewlett Sarah , Orbai Ana-Maria , Buchbinder Rachelle , Henderson Lyndall , Hill Catherine L. , Lassere Marissa , March Lyn
Published: April 2019

Objective.

It is not known how the experience of stiffness varies between diagnoses or how best to measure stiffness. The aims of our study were to (1) compare stiffness in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using patient-reported outcomes, (2) investigate how dimensions of stiffness are associated with each other and reflect the patient experience, and (3) analyze how different dimensions of stiffness are associated with physical function.

Methods.

An online survey was sent to Australian Rheumatology Association Database participants (158 PsA, and 158 age- and sex-matched RA), assessing stiffness severity, duration, impact, importance, coping, and physical function [modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (mHAQ)]. Scores were compared between diagnoses and correlations among stiffness dimensions calculated. Multivariate regression was performed for stiffness severity, impact, and duration on mHAQ, adjusting for age, sex, disease duration, obesity, and pain. Cognitive debriefing was conducted through semistructured telephone interviews.

Results.

Overall, 240/316 (75.9%) responded [124/158 RA (78.5%) and 116/158 PsA (73.4%)], with no significant difference in stiffness ratings between diagnoses. Scores for all stiffness dimensions were strongly correlated (r = 0.52–0.89), and severity and impact were associated with mHAQ in both diagnoses. Stiffness duration was not associated with mHAQ in RA. In cognitive debriefing, participants described stiffness severity and impact by their effect on daily activities (10/16 and 14/16 participants, respectively).

Conclusion.

Stiffness ratings were similar between PsA and RA. Different dimensions of stiffness were strongly correlated. Stiffness severity and impact both independently predicted mHAQ. Stiffness was important to participants; however, measuring multiple dimensions of stiffness may have minimal additive value.
Cauda Equina Syndrome in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Challenges in Diagnosis, Management, and Pathogenesis
Authors: Tang Chen , Moser Franklin G. , Reveille John , Bruckel Jane , Weisman Michael H.
Published: April 2019

Objective.

Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare neurologic complication of longstanding ankylosing spondylitis (AS). It is unclear what causes CES, and no proven or effective therapy has been reported to date. We have encountered 6 patients with longstanding AS diagnosed with CES. We set about to study their features, review the literature, and generate hypotheses regarding pathophysiology, as well as to speculate on the possibilities of early recognition and prevention.

Methods.

We obtained permission from 6 patients with longstanding AS and CES to access their medical records and imaging studies for research purposes related to this paper. We collected and reviewed each patient’s medical history, imaging studies, disease duration, past therapies especially those that relate to AS, laboratory data, as well as any treatment they received for CES and followup results of each case to the present time.

Results.

The 6 cases of CES with AS have remarkable similarity to each other in that several decades of the disease had passed before neurologic symptoms and later signs appeared. All cases have fused spines and facet joints without spinal fractures, spinal stenosis, or disc herniation.

Conclusion.

CES is a rare yet debilitating neurologic complication of longstanding AS. The pathophysiology and treatments are far from clear. We postulate that chronic enthesitis of the vertebral column initiates the process that results in dural stiffening and formation of ectasias, causing downstream nerve root damage.
Sleep Quality and Fatigue Are Associated with Pain Exacerbations of Hip Osteoarthritis: An Internet-based Case-crossover Study
Authors: Fu Kai , Makovey Joanna , Metcalf Ben , Bennell Kim L. , Zhang Yuqing , Asher Rebecca , Robbins Sarah R. , Deveza Leticia A. , Cistulli Peter A. , Hunter David J.
Published: April 2019

Objective.

To evaluate the association of sleep quality, sleep duration, and fatigue with hip pain exacerbations in persons with symptomatic hip osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods.

Participants (n = 252) were followed for 90 days and asked to complete online questionnaires at 10-day intervals (control periods). A hip pain exacerbation (case periods) was defined as an increase of 2 points in pain intensity compared with baseline on a numeric rating scale (0–10). Subjective sleep quality and sleep duration were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and fatigue was measured by Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue in both periods. Univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regressions were used to assess the association.

Results.

Of the 252 participants, 130 (52%) were included in the final analysis. Univariate association analysis showed that both poor sleep quality and greater fatigue were associated with increased odds of pain exacerbations (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.04–2.86; OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.21–3.05, respectively). Short sleep duration was not associated with pain exacerbations. Poor sleep quality and greater fatigue remained associated with pain exacerbations after adjustment for physical activity and night pain levels in multivariable analysis. There was no significant interaction between sleep quality and fatigue (p = 0.21).

Conclusion.

Poor sleep quality and greater fatigue were related to pain exacerbation in persons with symptomatic hip OA. Sleep disorders and fatigue should be considered when dealing with pain exacerbations.
Atlanto-axial Pannus in Patients with and without Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Joyce Andrew A. , Williams Jessica N. , Shi Junzi , Mandell Jacob C. , Isaac Zacharia , Ermann Joerg
Published: April 2019

Objective.

Pannus formation in the atlanto-axial joint is a well-recognized complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Occasionally, atlanto-axial pannus is reported when patients without a history of RA undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine. We sought to further characterize these patients.

Methods.

The Partners HealthCare Research Patient Data Registry was free-text searched for “atlanto-axial” AND “pannus” in cervical spine MRI reports from 2001 to 2015. Cases with MRI reports describing pannus were reviewed. Clinical data were extracted by chart review in cases with confirmed atlanto-axial pannus (n = 105).

Results.

Twenty-nine patients (27.6%) had RA, all of whom except one carried this diagnosis at the time of the MRI scan. Only 1 of 77 patients without a history of RA was subsequently diagnosed with RA (1.3%, 95% CI 0.1–7.0%, median followup 3.6 yrs). Non-RA patients were significantly older (median age 79 vs 63 yrs, p < 0.0001), less frequently female (55% vs 86%, p = 0.0032), and more likely to have undergone prior cervical spine surgery (18% vs 0%, p = 0.016) compared with RA patients. Thirty-four non-RA patients (44.7%) either had a clinical diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate disease (CPPD) or imaging evidence for tissue calcification. There were no significant differences in age or sex between the CPPD subgroup and other non-RA patients. Twenty-eight patients (26.7%) underwent cervical spine surgery.

Conclusion.

Patients without RA diagnosis and incidental atlanto-axial pannus on cervical spine MRI are unlikely to have previously unrecognized RA. Degenerative disease and tissue calcification may contribute to pannus formation in these patients.
Relationship of Critical Thinking Ability to Professional Nursing Competence
Authors: Maynard Carleen A
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

The relationship of critical thinking ability to professional nursing competence was investigated. Professional nursing competence, defined by Benner (1984) as stages of skill acquisition (novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert), provided the conceptual framework. A randomly selected, cross-sectional sample of nursing graduates (JV= 121) was utilized. Two cohorts <JV=30) of the sample group were measured longitudinally for critical thinking ability. Relationships were investigated between measures of critical thinking and professional competencies of leadership, critical care, teaching/collaboration, planning/evaluation, interpersonal communication and professional development. Critical thinking was measured over time from beginning nursing student to practicing nurse. Critical thinking ability did not change significantly during the educational experience (sophomore to senior), however, a significant increase was found in scores as practicing nurses. No relationship was demonstrated between critical thinking ability and professional competence. The experiential component of practice emerged as the key influencing factor on the development of competence and critical thinking.
Pharmacogenetic Testing: Why Is It So Disappointing?
Authors: Limandri Barbara J.
Published: April 2019

Pharmacogenetic testing to aid in making decisions about prescribing medications was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2005 and gradually became a common practice. However, an innovation that was thought to help individualize prescribing psychotropic medications with fewer trials and errors soon became a disappointment to clinicians. Current pharmacogenetic testing assesses how the liver metabolizes drugs through the cytochrome p 450 system; however, much of the variability in how a drug affects an individual also relies on the pharmacodynamics of the drug (i.e., the specific ways the drug changes the body). The current article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of pharmacogenetic testing to aid in prescribing psychotropic medications. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57
(4), 9–12.]