bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controllability of fractional differential evolution equation of order $ \gamma \in (1, 2) $ with nonlocal conditions
Authors: Hussain Sadam , Sarwar Muhammad , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Shah Kamal
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates the existence of positive mild solutions and controllability for fractional differential evolution equations of order $ \gamma \in (1, 2) $ with nonlocal conditions in Banach spaces. Our approach is based on Schauder's fixed point theorem, Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem, and the Arzelà-Ascoli theorem. Finally, we include an example to verify our theoretical results.
Identifying biomarkers associated with the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis via bioinformatics and machine learning
Authors: Wang Yuedan , Huang Jinke , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Fengyun , Tang Xudong
Published: April 2023

Background

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic inflammatory disease with an increasing incidence. This study aimed to identify potential UC biomarkers and associated immune infiltration characteristics.

Methods

Two datasets (GSE87473 and GSE92415) were merged to obtain 193 UC samples and 42 normal samples. Using R, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between UC and normal samples were filtered out, and their biological functions were investigated using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. Promising biomarkers were identified using least absolute shrinkage selector operator regression and support vector machine recursive feature elimination, and their diagnostic efficacy was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Finally, CIBERSORT was used to investigate the immune infiltration characteristics in UC, and the relationship between the identified biomarkers and various immune cells was examined.

Results

We found 102 DEGs, of which 64 were significantly upregulated, and 38 were significantly downregulated. The DEGs were enriched in pathways associated with interleukin-17, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and viral protein interactions with cytokines and cytokine receptors, among others. Using machine learning methods and ROC tests, we confirmed DUOX2, DMBT1, CYP2B7P, PITX2 and DEFB1 to be essential diagnostic genes for UC. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that all five diagnostic genes were correlated with regulatory T cells, CD8 T cells, activated and resting memory CD4 T cells, activated natural killer cells, neutrophils, activated and resting mast cells, activated and resting dendritic cells and M0, M1 and M2 macrophages.

Conclusions

DUOX2, DMBT1, CYP2B7P, PITX2 and DEFB1 were identified as prospective biomarkers for UC. A new perspective on understanding the progression of UC may be provided by these biomarkers and their relationship with immune cell infiltration.
La construction d’une posture auctoriale entre ethos singulier et modèle collectif d’écriture : l’exemple de témoignages « ordinaires » de rescapés de la Shoah
Authors: Lewi Olivia
Published: April 2023

Cet article se propose d’éclairer le rapport entre style, ethos et auctorialité dans une perspective d’analyse du discours, à travers un corpus relevant du genre discursif du témoignage. Le corpus construit pour cette étude est constitué de quatre témoignages « ordinaires » issus d’un corpus plus large constitué de tapuscrits ou de manuscrits de survivants et de rescapés de la Shoah déposés au Centre de Documentation Juive Contemporaine (CDJC) du Mémorial de la Shoah à Paris. Nous montrons que leurs témoignages invitent à interroger la norme collective d’une époque dans la mesure où ils font émerger des tensions entre pratiques, modèles collectifs d’écriture et recherche d’une singularité. L’adaptation incessante aux attentes socio-discursives constitutives des normes du discours testimonial n’est pourtant pas synonyme d’une absence de style si on le comprend comme la valeur distinctive d’un discours qui se conforme à des patrons génériques et discursifs. Nous analysons plus particulièrement la captation du modèle des Yizher-Biher, phénomène discursif qui nous renseigne sur le mécanisme de construction d’un ethos collectif. Ces « livres du souvenir » se présentent comme autant de traces de l’appartenance à une collectivité spécifique. L’analyse proposée permet de relire certains témoignages à l’aune d’un patron discursif singulier-collectif et, d’un point de vue éthique, de réancrer ces témoignages dans leurs racines culturelles.
L’« argument de la nature » dans le discours fasciste du 20e siècle en Allemagne, en Italie et en France
Authors: Reetz Marie
Published: April 2023

S’appuyant sur un vaste ensemble de recherches linguistiques et mobilisant divers aspects de la lexicologie, de l’analyse du discours et de la théorie des métaphores, cette étude suggère que « l’appel à la nature » est un argument de poids dans les discours fascistes de l’Allemagne nazie, de l’Italie de Mussolini et de la France de Vichy. Il sert à justifier l’eugénisme, à façonner l’identité nationale et à construire des catégories d’ennemis. La comparaison de ces trois pays montre comment le langage et le discours fascistes articulent les concepts de nature, de ruralité et de santé pour en faire le pôle positivement connoté de leur spectre identitaire, succinctement incarné dans le discours sur l’homme nouveau inspiré de Mussolini. L’ennemi à l’autre extrémité du spectre est la contre-nature : pathologique, urbain et moderne, incarné par l’homme moderne de Mussolini et, plus violemment, par la métaphore parasitaire antisémite de Hitler.
L’argumentation radiophonique au service de la promotion des femmes au Niger
Authors: Hamani Idé
Published: April 2023

Cet article propose d’analyser l’argumentation d’une militante associative diffusée sur les antennes de la radio publique du Niger (Voix du Sahel), dans une émission qui invite généralement des femmes : « Femme et développement ». Il a vocation à faire comprendre le fonctionnement discursif d’un dispositif radiophonique qui vise à faire la promotion sociale des femmes. En tenant compte de la situation sociopolitique et économique des femmes ainsi que de l’orientation idéologique de la station, l’article s’attache aux stratégies d’argumentation radiophonique mises au service d’un discours féministe et entend contribuer à la recherche scientifique actuelle sur l’analyse du discours médiatique en contexte africain.
From Struggle to Strength
Authors: Ray Subrata Kumar , Ray Sutapa , Karmakar Asim Kumar
Published: April 2023

Gender inequality has always been an issue of concern. Leaders in business and government make significant and far-reaching decisions influencing many facets of society. But relatively few of these powerful positions are held by women. This chapter explores gender in leadership by focusing on the difficulties women experience in attaining and being seen as effective in top leadership positions. This chapter highlights the COVID-19 effects on management decision and gender discrimination. In this regard, this chapter takes into account the gender-differential impact of COVID-19 in relation to the response strategies, challenges, and policies at the management level and also in the global labour market. Next the chapter focuses on the most important cause of this gender disparity in management levels of empowerment of women's economic positions. This chapter is dedicated to the goal of getting rid of gender disparity and attaining a just society based on ethical norms and principles of working conditions of women in the management as well as global labour markets.
Impact of Collective Intelligence on Business Management
Authors: Martínez-Cortiña Rafael
Published: April 2023

Collective intelligence is the ability of people and computers to meet challenges more effectively than separately. It has contributed to changing business administration in recent decades. Although it is an emerging field with no established definition, some studies indicate that collective intelligence generates benefits for management. This systematic literature review identifies aspects of human-machine collaboration that allow a competitive advantage. Some researchers have identified common characteristics in collective intelligence. Harnessing the intelligence of a crowd leads to positive impacts on business management. Future research can focus on the ethical values of human-computer collaboration. Humans play a more relevant role in collective intelligence than technology, but that may change in the future. It can affect aspects like the learning process, knowledge development, decision making, and problem-solving. The increasing presence of technology in management raises ethical questions and opens a wide field of study on collaboration between humans and machines.
Use of Social Media by Companies
Authors: Manzoor Amir
Published: April 2023

There is no doubt that social media (SM) has changed the fundamental nature of customer-company interaction and communication. The extant literature on SM use is focused on the mechanics of SM use and the possible benefits that companies can achieve. The literature has also identified number of managerial challenges associated with SM use in companies. However, the literature is fragmented when it comes to the question as to how these benefits can be realized by companies. This study attempts to provide a comprehensive coverage of the SM use by the companies. This study also reviews various managerial challenges associated with SM data use and provides recommendations to deal with these challenges.
Sustainable Food Supply Chain Framework in a Circular Economy
Authors: Wahab Siti Norida , Ramakrishna Yanamandra
Published: April 2023

Sustainable food supply chain (SFSC) practices have been established over the last few decades in an effort to minimize unanticipated adverse environmental effects of the food processes and integrate environmental concerns. In order to create self-sustaining food production systems where materials are reused again, the circular economy focuses on more than merely reducing the use of the environment as a sink for waste. This book chapter proposes the SFSC framework in a circular economy to show that the SFSC is a multi-dimensional notion, where other issues should also be taken into account in addition to food quality and food safety and hygiene. This book chapter asserts that incorporating circular economy ideas into SFSC can have significant positive effects on the environment. There are gaps in the literature that are imperative to be filled to confirm the efficiency of the safeguards for food integrity and their effects on the SFSC in a circular economy.
Innovative Strategy for Profitable Automobile Industries
Authors: Mohanty Akash , Venkateswaran N. , Ranjit P. S.  , Tripathi Mano Ashish , Boopathi Sampath
Published: April 2023

In this chapter, the various working capital and processing methods used to run profitable automobile industry-related businesses are discussed. Defining the problem statements, making sample selections, and demonstrating general principles for capital management have been demonstrated. The structures, classifications, affecting factors, benefits, and scarce resources for working capital were elaborately illustrated. Working capital policies, classifications, various investment sources, principles for capital management policies, and analysis techniques have also been described in the chapter.
Comodal Education in a COVID-19 Pandemic Context
Authors: Chafiq Nadia , Elimadi Imane , Talbi Mohamed , Ghazouani Mohamed
Published: April 2023

In Morocco, the pandemic has functioned as a force to change the realm of digital learning, prompting numerous organizations that had previously been unwilling to take the jump. Indeed, Moroccan universities have risen to the occasion by establishing digital devices. This digital shift affects all aspects of training, including design, scripting, and teacher-student relationships. Universities have established a variety of online teaching platforms. As an example, the Hassan II University of Casablanca (UH2C) has created a Digital Workspace (ENT) (https://ent.univh2c.ma), which has simplified access to various technologies for all stakeholders, including institutional messaging like MAHARA, MATLAB, Electronic Books and Journals, LOGHATE@UH2C, COURSERA, TELETRAVAIL, G-Suite.
Complexity Literacy for a Sustainable Digital Transition
Authors: Steiner Gerald , Steffelbauer Ilja , Laubichler Manfred , Zenk Lukas , Schernhammer Eva , Birmann Brenda M. , Bertau Martin , Caniglia Guido , Mühlmann Kay , Satalkina Liliya , Weitzer Jakob
Published: April 2023

Educational measures in line with challenges related to increasing complexity need to go beyond traditional educational means and require the integration of the basic competences of systems thinking and complexity understanding. In addition, the chapter argues for a transdisciplinary approach, based on knowledge integration across disciplines and between science and practice together with supporting communication patterns and strategies. In order to train current and future generations for this kind of transition process, with the aim of making this emergent digital environment ecologically and socially sustainable, we must consequently adopt digital literacy as well as complexity understanding and systems thinking in sustainability education more consistently.
Digital Literacy Among Teacher Educators in Ethiopia
Authors: Dalelo Aklilu , Gebremariam Anteneh , Gebi Kedir
Published: April 2023

This study was initiated to assess the status of digital competencies among teacher educators in Ethiopia. A questionnaire, adopted from an instrument previously developed to measure teachers' preparedness to use digital technology has been used to gather information. Findings indicate that teacher educators demonstrated marked strength in certain domains of competence (e.g., preparedness to use digital technologies; and attitude towards use of digital technologies); and had serious limitations in others (e.g., awareness about the shortcomings of digital technologies). With regard to factors that affect the utilization of digital technologies, teacher educators identified three factors as most important: lack of facilities, supporting resources, and training. The chapter ends by making recommendations based on the findings of the study.
Holistic Learning and Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Kusanagi Kanako N.
Published: April 2023

This chapter examines the implementation of holistic learning in virtual space and presents it as a humanistic approach to ensure students' democratic participation in online and distance learning. While education for sustainable development (ESD) envisions active and engaged learners, students struggled to engage in online and distance learning (ODL) during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This study examines the holistic learning curriculum, tokkatsu—which originated in Japan—and discusses its prospect for nurturing responsible and active learners. In tokkatsu, students participate in nonacademic activities where they learn to take the initiative, have dialogue, and collaborate as responsible members of the community. This chapter presents an application of the tokkatsu in virtual space, taking a case from Indonesia. It describes the contextualized case of tokkatsu to build a community of learners in the crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic and how challenges in the digitalization of the classroom were overcome.
Synthesis of Durian (Durio Zibethinus) Rinds Fiber-Silica Composite as Concrete Additive
Authors: Gallawan James Mark M. , Lawagon Chosel P.
Published: April 2023

Natural fiber as a fiber reinforcement enhances the high-performance cement composites' strength, ductility, and durability requirements for a concrete application. This study aims to utilize an indigenous natural fiber-silica composite as an additive to cement. Pre-treated durian fibers extracted from durian rinds (100 mesh) were mixed with sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3), and the synthesized durian rind fiber-silica composite (DRFC) was utilized as a cement mass replacement (5% w/w) on concrete to test its effect to mechanical properties. SEM-EDX micrographs show that silica has a rough sheet-like morphology similar to DRFC. However, DRFC also contains a rough fibrous structure indicating the uniformly distributed durian rinds fiber (DRF) present in the composite matrix. Additionally, the presence of silica significantly improves the thermal stability of DRF. Results demonstrated that both concrete with DRF and DRFC additives have superior mechanical properties, surpassing the controlled specimens. Hence, the potential application of DRF to concrete demonstrates a viable upcycling route for durian rinds waste.
Preparation and Fracture Analysis of Advanced Layered Composite with Graphene-Coated Alumina Nanofibers
Authors: Mudra Erika , Koribanich Ihor , Hrubovčáková Monika , Shepa Ivan , Kovalcikova Alexandra , Dusza Jan
Published: April 2023

The present work aims at the preparation and characterization of ceramic layered composite prepared from fine submicron-sized Al2O3 with the addition of electrospun graphene-coated Al2O3 fibers (Al2O3/G-Fs) by Spark Plasma Sintering with double pressure sintering process. A layered composite containing 2.5 wt. % of Al2O3/G fibers in three homogeneous layers was prepared and compared with the pure monolithic Al2O3 material obtained under the same conditions. The microstructures of the samples were studied by optical microscopy, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The presence of graphene after the sintering in the final composite was proved by Raman spectroscopy. The effect of the graphene-coated fibers on the composite`s microstructure and mechanical properties was described along with the fractographic analysis. Graphene on the surface of the electrospun Al2O3 fibers suppressed the grain growth which dominantly takes place during the sintering of the composite, which significantly influenced the character of the fracture. While predominantly intergranular fracture occurs in the monolithic fracture surface, the fracture character becomes transgranular with the addition of layers of Al2O3/G-Fs. Fracture toughness improvement took place because of the presence of small pores, in order of a few nanometers, which showed high energy absorption and provided self-induced crack propagation inhibition.
Synthesis of Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Husk Fiber-Silica Composite as Concrete Additive
Authors: Manota Jazth D. , Alvarez Roumel Salvador , Lawagon Chosel P.
Published: April 2023

Concrete is extremely vulnerable to crack formation. However, repair and monitoring can be labor-intensive and costly. The investigation focused on the augmentation of natural fiber-silica composite-containing concrete’s mechanical properties. Raw coconut husk fiber (CHF) was used to mix with sodium metasilicate, and the synthesized coir-silica composite (CSC) was mixed in a cementitious matrix to test its self-healing properties. The synthesized composite (CSC) has a sheet-like morphology, whereas the silica has a rough surface morphology based on the SEM-EDX micrographs. The presence of silica improved the thermal stability of the raw coconut husk fiber (CHF). Results demonstrated that both pristine condition and healed samples had enhanced mechanical properties with the addition of the CSC material. Hence, the produced composite embedded in concrete surpassed control specimens in terms of healing capability for compressive and tensile strengths after damage. Finally, a synthesis method was developed to prepare a coconut husk fiber-silica composite, demonstrating a viable upcycling route for coconut husks waste utilization.
Vibrational Analysis of Mini - Unmanned Aerial Vehicles due to Gun Recoil
Authors: Nelson N. Rino , Siva P.M.
Published: April 2023

In 21st century, battlefields are being occupied by Artificial Intelligence (AI) controlled machines and one of its kind is mini-unmanned aerial vehicles. Upon arming the mini-UAVs, the load distribution and characterizing the vibrational behavior are important for its safe operation. Usually, the gun recoil force gets transferred to the platform of the mini-UAV, leading to instability or failure of the platform along with the gun. Mini-UAVs being too small don’t have the space to set the conventional recoil reduction mechanism. So, it is important to design a mechanism or alternative propellant for achieving the equivalent explosive force instead of TNT. Also, the influence of explosion on the vibration characteristics of the mini-UAV is studied. The high-pressure gas is found as the best alternative to TNT material, for reducing the deflection produced. This work primarily concentrates on determining the deflection and frequency induced in mini-UAVs. By using a pressure canister arrangement, the vibration characteristics under recoil can be improved.
Finite Element Analysis of Damage of Cylindrical Roller Bearing of Main Shaft of Shot Blasting Machine
Authors: Zhang Yi Jia , Pan Yong Zhi , Jiang Zheng Feng , Fu Xiu Li , Zhang Tian Yi
Published: April 2023

The main shaft of shot blasting machine mainly uses cylindrical roller bearing as the supporting part. The influence of stress, strain and temperature on bearing damage was studied by thermal structural coupling analysis of the bearing through finite element simulation. The causes and main damage forms of bearing surface were verified by super depth of field observation and finite element analysis. It is found that there exists pyramidal strain in the contact area between inner and outer raceway and roller, and its distribution form is continuous point distribution. The stress concentration is mainly distributed in the contact area between the roller face and the retaining edge, and the roller temperature is more concentrated in the area near the end face. The maximum length and depth of spalling pit on racetrack surface were 572.2μm and 14.15μm respectively. The maximum width and depth of the scratches on the roller surface are 386.7μm and 10.7μm, and the damage degree of the roller surface is not uniform. The thermo-structural coupling analysis is used to simulate the running state of bearings, which is of guiding significance to analyze the failure forms of bearings and improve the service life of bearings.
Synthesis of Cardava Banana (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) Pseudostem Fiber - Silica Reinforced Composite as Concrete Additive
Authors: Oceña Crijamaica l. , Lawagon Chosel P.
Published: April 2023

Cardava banana pseudostem fibers (BPFs) are recently explored as a composite reinforcement. This is due to its improved thermal and mechanical stability effects for concrete applications. Silica, derived from sodium silicate and a modification additive, was explored as potential matrix in the self-healing applications. Herein, BPFs were prepared to produce BPF – silica composite (BPFSC) as concrete additive. The investigation focused on the interfacial adhesion of BPFs in the silica matrix to self-heal the concrete when subjected to cracks. The synthesized BPFSC has a sheet-like and a rough surface morphology based on the SEM micrographs. BPFs (100 mesh) were used to reinforce silica, and the synthesized composite (BPFSC) was mixed in a cementitious matrix (5% w/w) to test its potential self-healing properties. Results showed that the addition of the silica (SiO2) improved the mechanical properties of concrete in both the pristine condition and healed samples. Notably, the BPFSC showed better mechanical performance than SiO2 alone. This explained the good interfacial adhesion of BPF in the BPF – silica matrix. Hence, the prepared composite embedded in concrete showed significant healing potential concerning compressive and tensile strengths after damage, surpassing control specimens. Finally, a synthesis procedure was developed to prepare cardava banana pseudostem fiber – silica composite, showing a potential upcycling route of waste pseudostems for construction materials.
Tailoring Zeolite-Composite (ZC) Impregnated Thermally Endured Nonporous Cellulose Acetate Membranes for Potential Gas Separation and Antibacterial Performances
Authors: Fatima Zainab , Afzal Amina , Arshad Sakeena
Published: April 2023

Cellulose acetate (CA) composite membranes are tailored for potential gas-transportation and antibacterial activity by incorporating various ratios (0-8wt. %) of zeolite-CuO (10:1, ZC) composite. The aim behind this is to develop an anti-biofouling membrane with enhanced CO2permeation and selection properties. In situ coprecipitation route is adopted to synthesize ZC that imparted morphological, structural, thermal, and performance characteristics of membranes synthesized by solution casting mechanism. FESEM analysis revealed, pores size transformed from 1µm to 1.4 nm as observed in M0 (virgin) and M4 (8wt. % ZC) membranes, respectively. The existence and linkages of impregnated ZC in the developed membranes are verified by FTIR investigations. TGA-tested thermally endured membranes are tested for gas permeation/selectivity. In comparison to virgin CA membrane, three folds enhancements in CO2permeation and two folds in CO2/N2selectivity are observed. Membranes are also evaluated for antibacterial test against ‘gram-negative bacteria’ elucidates that increasing ZC content in composite membranes exhibit remarkable results.
Modeling and Analysis of the Thermal Behavior of Passive Techniques for Residential Apartment Buildings in Tropical Climate: Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Authors: Frómeta Yokasta García , Cuadrado Jesús , Blanco Jesús María , González Víctor , Madrid Maggi
Published: April 2023

The vertical growth of cities is a general phenomenon in many countries, aiming to address a more efficient use of space, due to the high cost of the urban area. In the Dominican Republic, approximately 11% of households are apartment buildings, being the second predominant group of residential buildings. According to the National Statistics Office (ONE), the construction of this type of residential buildings is growing significantly, especially in the biggest city of the country. This research has analyzed the interior thermal behavior of these types of households using DesignBuilder®, an energy and environmental simulation software, searching for passive alternatives to allow the reduction of interior temperatures, as a result of overheating because of the tropical climate conditions. The most common type of four levels buildings have been analyzed in this study, through the evaluation of different parameters, such as the optimal orientation, the effect of using sunshades in the windows, and the modification of the building envelope. The objective of the study if to identifying the best alternatives to achieve the thermal comfort of the building, without the use of active control climate techniques such as air conditioning.
HIV Never Sleeps: Evidence to Support Early Antiretroviral Treatment
Authors: Haynes Barton F
Published: April 2023

This Pillars of Immunology article is a commentary on “HIV infection is active and progressive in lymphoid tissue during the clinically latent stage of disease,” a pivotal article written by G. Pantaleo, C. Graziosi, J. F. Demarest, L. Butini, M. Montroni, C. H. Fox, J. M. Orenstein, D. P. Kotler, and A. S. Fauci, and published in Nature, in 1993. https://www.nature.com/articles/362355a0. The Journal of Immunology, 2023, 210: 1181–1182
2000: OVERVIEW
Authors: Biggiogera M
Published: April 2023

One of the main problems in making a personal choice among the papers published in EJH during the last year is that they cover a broad variety of topics. This is obviously related to the subject matter of a journal of histochemistry such is EJH, which covers basic research, application to pathology, new techniques and so on. In this context, I appreciate that in 2000 EJH has published two almost monographic issues, based on symposia on nuclear lipid signalling and on apoptosis. The idea of introducing issues dedicated to the multifaceted aspects of a problem gives the reader, in my opinion, the opportunity to broaden one’s interests or curiosity. The papers in these issues are in fact from groups which are well-known in the field and each one presents a different part of the spectrum of the problem.
Comparison of different nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for cesarean section: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Murdoch Iona , Carver Anthony L , Sultan Pervez , O’Carroll James E , Blake Lindsay , Carvalho Brendan , Onwochei Desire N. , Desai Neel
Published: April 2023

Background: Cesarean section is associated with moderate to severe pain and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly employed. The optimal NSAID, however, has not been elucidated. In this network meta-analysis and systematic review, we compared the influence of control and individual NSAIDs on the indices of analgesia, side effects, and quality of recovery.Methods: CDSR, CINAHL, CRCT, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing a specific NSAID to either control or another NSAID in elective or emergency cesarean section under general or neuraxial anesthesia. Network plots and league tables were constructed, and the quality of evidence was evaluated with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) analysis.Results: We included 47 trials. Cumulative intravenous morphine equivalent consumption at 24 h, the primary outcome, was examined in 1,228 patients and 18 trials, and control was found to be inferior to diclofenac, indomethacin, ketorolac, and tenoxicam (very low quality evidence owing to serious limitations, imprecision, and publication bias). Indomethacin was superior to celecoxib for pain score at rest at 8–12 h and celecoxib + parecoxib, diclofenac, and ketorolac for pain score on movement at 48 h. In regard to the need for and time to rescue analgesia COX-2 inhibitors such as celecoxib were inferior to other NSAIDs.Conclusions: Our review suggests the presence of minimal differences among the NSAIDs studied. Nonselective NSAIDs may be more effective than selective NSAIDs, and some NSAIDs such as indomethacin might be preferable to other NSAIDs.
Mental health of health care workers during the hour of crisis - A study from tertiary care hospital in North India
Authors: Ghai Babita , Sharma Rajni , Saini Lokesh , Yadav Jaivinder , Kumar Krishan , Sharma Akhilesh , Madaan Priyanka , Bhati Ankita , Tyagi Pooja , Yadav Suman , Bhutani Mohit , Sharma Divyansh , Suri Vikas
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims:

This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the psychosocial, behavioral, and sleep impact of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic on healthcare workers (HCWs) at a tertiary-care hospital in Northern India.

Materials and Methods:

An online questionnaire including three psychological scales - peritraumatic distress inventory (PDI), insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Depression anxiety stress scale was circulated among the HCWs at a tertiary-care hospital in Northern India.

Results:

Three hundred and ninety-six HCWs (Mean age standard deviation: 34.8 [8.1%] years; 181 females) responded. Place of posting was active COVID area (27.2%), reserve active COVID team (23.2%), trained reserve pool (29.5%), and non-COVID areas (19.9%). More than half of all the respondents (51%) had abnormal PDI score (>14) with a propensity to develop posttraumatic stress disorder. Furthermore, there was a significantly higher prevalence of abnormal PDI scores in those involved in active COVID care units (74%) versus non-COVID care unit (24%, P = 0.001). More than 60% of all the respondents had abnormal ISI score suggesting significant insomnia. Stress was seen in 71% of all the respondents while 82% were anxious and 77% participants had depressive symptoms. Hence, the psychological morbidity among the HCWs was high.

Conclusion:

Our study found a much higher prevalence of peritraumatic distress, insomnia, anxiety, stress, and depression among the HCWs, more so in those working in COVID areas. Factors indigenous to Indian population in terms of psychological health must be studied and addressed to reduce this psychological morbidity since the battle with COVID is long.
Euthanasia – Review and update through the lens of a psychiatrist
Authors: Gupta Anindya K. , Bansal Deepali
Published: April 2023

Euthanasia is not infrequent in the modern practice of medicine. Active euthanasia is legal in seven countries worldwide and passive euthanasia has recently been legalized in India by the Supreme Court. In India, physicians and nurses generally have a favorable attitude towards euthanasia but lack in adequate training to deal with such requests. The role of a psychiatrist is very important in evaluation of request for euthanasia on medical as well as psychiatric grounds. Among patients with end-stage medical illnesses who make a request for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide, many may have underlying untreated depression. In the complex backdrop of long-term chronic medical illnesses, depression can be very difficult to diagnose and treat. Patients with dementia and other neuropsychiatric illnesses have the issue of consent and capacity. Legalizing euthanasia in these patients can heave dire moral implications. There is clear need of adequate training, formulation of guidelines, and supportive pathway for clarity of clinicians regarding euthanasia in India.
Cognitive self-efficacy in schizophrenia: Questionnaire construction and its relation with social functioning
Authors: Santosh Shivani , Kundu Partha S.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Social functioning or social adjustment is a general term used to refer to the ability of individuals to meet socially defined roles such as homemaker, worker, student, spouse, family member, or friend. In schizophrenia, the patient’s social functioning is impaired. Social functioning tends to worsen due to impairment in cognitive functions, and it is a primary target for various rehabilitation programs for schizophrenia. In cognitive remediation therapies, much attention is paid to cognitive skill development rather than cognitive self-efficacy, possibly due to a dearth of systematic studies in this area. The objective of the current study was to explore cognitive self-efficacy in association with verbal working memory and demographic variables as predictors of social functioning.

Materials and Methods:

The research was classified into two studies: Phase-I dealt with construction of a questionnaire measuring cognitive self-efficacy (CSE). Psychometric properties of the questionnaire were tested on 100 patients with schizophrenia. In phase II, 150 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to ICD-10 were taken from the department of psychiatry of different postgraduate hospitals in Kolkata. CSE questionnaire, positive and negative symptoms scale for schizophrenia (PANSS), Schizophrenia Research Foundation (SCARF) India-Social Functioning Index (SCARF-SFI), and backward digit span test were administered.

Results:

Linear regression analysis showed that CSE was a strong predictor in predicting social functioning.

Conclusion:

Cognitive Self-efficacy questionnaire was developed and validated.
An open-label study of oral acetazolamide for the prevention of antipsychotic associated weight gain
Authors: Priyamkari Anupama , Kakunje Anil , Nimgaonkar Vishwajit L. , Deshpande Smita , Bhatia Triptish , Wood Joel , Kini Ganesh
Published: April 2023

Background:

Weight gain associated with atypical antipsychotic medications need to be well managed. We set out: 1. To test the effect of acetazolamide on weight gain associated with antipsychotics 2. To assess improvement in psychotic symptoms using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score on patients receiving acetazolamide

Methods and Materials:

This open-label study conducted after institutional ethical clearance from December 2018 to August 2020 included 34 drug-naive patients or patients on antipsychotic risperidone or olanzapine for less than one month. They were divided into two groups of 17 each as a case group (treatment as usual + acetazolamide) and a control group (treatment as usual) who were followed up for eight weeks. The patient’s physical characteristics were recorded at baseline and during follow-ups. The Brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) and clinical global impression (CGI) scores were compared for the cases and controls.

Results:

The study showed non-significant reduction in the weight (–0.57 ± 1.06 kg), body mass index (BMI) (–0.23 ± 0.76 kg/m2) and abdominal circumference (–0.47 ± 1.37 cm) in the patients receiving oral acetazolamide at the end of two months as compared to controls where there was significant increase in the weight (+2.62 ± 1.09 kg), BMI (+1.03 ± 0.44 kg/m2) and abdominal circumference (+2.21 ± 1.33 cm, P = 0.001). Similarly, the BPRS and CGI scores were significantly reduced in both arms, with satisfaction rates better among the cases compared to controls.

Conclusion:

There was a non-significant reduction in the weight, body mass index, abdominal circumference, and brief psychiatric rating scale scores in patients treated with acetazolamide.

Ethics committee protocol number: - 2018/244

CTRI India registration number: CTRI/2019/05/018884
Clinical Significance of Combining Preoperative and Postoperative Albumin-Bilirubin Score in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kim Doyoun , Lee Jae-Hoon , Cho Eun-Suk , Shin Su-Jin , Lee Hye Sun , Koh Hwa-Hee , Lee Kang Young , Kang Jeonghyun
Published: April 2023

Purpose Albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score is a well-known prognostic factor for various diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, little is known about the significance of postoperative ALBI score changes in patients with CRC.Materials and Methods A total of 723 patients who underwent surgery were enrolled. Preoperative ALBI (ALBI-pre) and postoperative ALBI (ALBI-post) scores were divided into low and high score groups. ALBI-trend was defined as a combination of four groups comprising the low and high ALBI-pre and ALBI-post score groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare the overall survival (OS) between the different ALBI groups. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the independent relevant factors of OS. Stratification performance was compared between the different ALBI groupings using Harrell’s concordance index (C-index).Results ALBI-pre, ALBI-post, and ALBI-trend score groups were significant prognostic factors of OS in the univariable analysis. However, multivariable analysis showed that ALBI-trend was an independent prognostic factor while ALBI-pre and ALBI-post were not. The C-index of ALBI-trend (0.622; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.587 to 0.655) was higher than that of ALBI-pre (0.589; 95% CI, 0.557 to 0.621; bootstrap mean difference, 0.033; 95% CI, 0.013 to 0.057) and ALBI-post (0.575; 95% CI, 0.545 to 0.605; bootstrap mean difference, 0.047; 95% CI, 0.024 to 0.074).Conclusion Combining ALBI-pre and ALBI-post scores is an independent prognostic factor of OS and shows superior predictive power compared to ALBI-pre or ALBI-post alone in patients with CRC.
Positive Ulrich sheaves
Authors: Hanselka Christoph , Kummer Mario
Published: April 2023

We provide a criterion for a coherent sheaf to be an Ulrich sheaf in terms of a certain bilinear form on its global sections. When working over the real numbers, we call it a positive Ulrich sheaf if this bilinear form is symmetric or Hermitian and positive-definite. In that case, our result provides a common theoretical framework for several results in real algebraic geometry concerning the existence of algebraic certificates for certain geometric properties. For instance, it implies Hilbert’s theorem on nonnegative ternary quartics, via the geometry of del Pezzo surfaces, and the solution of the Lax conjecture on plane hyperbolic curves due to Helton and Vinnikov.
Drug Use Practices and Self-Treatment for Suspected Malaria in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Bamikole Oluwayemi J. , Olajide Taiwo H. , Adedeji Babajide A. , Ademola Subulade A. , Fayehun Ayorinde F. , Bukoye Noah O. , Olufeagba Miles-Dei B. , Amodu Olukemi K.
Published: April 2023

Antimalarial drug failures have been reported anecdotally in Nigeria, and malarial self-treatment practices could be a contributing factor. This study was designed to assess the pattern of drug use practices and self-treatment options among caregivers in Ibadan, Nigeria. We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study among 283 study participant pairs (children under 5 years of age with suspected malaria and their caregivers). Structured questionnaires were used as research instruments. The results indicated that most caregivers were mothers (88.8%), 69% of caregivers self-prescribed and self-managed malaria for children under 5 years old without immediate hospital visits, and 76.4% of the caregivers believed most recommended and available antimalarial drugs were ineffective. Generally, 44.2% of respondents preferred and used antibiotics as a treatment strategy for malaria, 13.2% used agbo (a locally made liquid extract of plants and roots), 12.5% used prayers, and 19.6% used antimalarial drugs. Overall, only 57.1% of respondents stated that they always complete the standard antimalarial dosage regimen. The choice of malaria self-treatment options was significantly linked to the level of education. The findings identified antibiotics, agbo, and prayers as the immediate choices for self-treating malaria disease in Ibadan. Furthermore, incomplete adherence to antimalarial drugs is a general practice in Ibadan. Malaria self-treatment policy and continuous education on antimalarial drug use tailored to the different literacy and education levels of the general public is hereby recommended to reduce the risk of development of parasite resistance to effective anti-malarial drugs.
Into the Unknown: Characterizing Fellow Uncertainty During the Transition to Unsupervised Practice
Authors: Herchline Daniel , Cohen Margot E. , Ambrose Marietta , Hwang Jennifer , Kaminstein Daniel , Kilberg Marissa , Rosenblatt Samuel , Ziemba Justin , Boyer Donald
Published: April 2023

Background

Helping fellows confront and manage uncertainty in the course of diagnosis and treatment of patients has been a growing focus of medical education. How these same fellows confront uncertainty as they make a transition in their professional development is less commonly a focus of training programs. Better understanding of how fellows experience these transitions will allow fellows, training programs, and hiring institutions to navigate transitions more easily.

Objective

This study aimed to explore how fellows in the United States experience uncertainty during the transition to unsupervised practice.

Methods

Using constructivist grounded theory, we invited participants to engage in semi-structured interviews exploring experiences with uncertainty as they navigate the transition to unsupervised practice. Between September 2020 and March 2021, we interviewed 18 physicians in their final year of fellowship training from 2 large academic institutions. Participants were recruited from adult and pediatric subspecialties. Data analysis was conducted using an inductive coding approach.

Results

Experiences with uncertainty during the transition process were individualized and dynamic. Primary sources of uncertainty identified included clinical competence, employment prospects, and career vision. Participants discussed multiple strategies for mitigating uncertainty, including structured graduated autonomy, leveraging professional networks locally and non-locally, and utilizing established program and institutional supports.

Conclusions

Fellows' experiences with uncertainty during their transitions to unsupervised practice are individualized, contextual, and dynamic with several shared overarching themes.
Caring for Each Other: A Resident-Led Peer Debriefing Skills Workshop
Authors: Lee Grace S. , Dizon Samantha E. , Feeney Colby D. , Lee Yu-Lin Amy , Jordan Megan , Galanos Anthony N. , Trinh Jane V.
Published: April 2023

Background

Inadequate time and space to process critical incidents contribute to burnout. Residents do not regularly participate in emotional debriefs. An institutional needs assessment revealed only 11% of surveyed pediatrics and combined medicine-pediatrics residents had participated in a debrief.

Objective

The primary objective was to increase resident comfort in participation in peer debriefs after critical incidents from 30% to 50% with implementation of a resident-led peer debriefing skills workshop. Secondary objectives included increasing resident likelihood of leading debriefs and comfort in identifying symptoms of emotional distress.

Methods

Internal medicine, pediatrics, and medicine-pediatrics residents were surveyed for baseline participation in debriefs and comfort in leading peer debriefs. Two senior residents became trained debrief facilitators and led a 50-minute peer debriefing skills workshop for co-residents. Pre- and post-workshop surveys assessed participant comfort in and likelihood of leading peer debriefs. Surveys distributed 6 months post-workshop assessed resident debrief participation. We implemented the Model for Improvement from 2019 to 2022.

Results

Forty-six (77%) and 44 (73%) of the 60 participants completed the pre- and post-workshop surveys. Post-workshop, residents' reported comfort in leading debriefs increased from 30% to 91%. The likelihood of leading a debrief increased from 51% to 91%. Ninety-five percent (42 of 44) agreed that formal training in debriefing is beneficial. Almost 50% (24 of 52) of surveyed residents preferred to debrief with a peer. Six months post-workshop, 22% (15 of 68) of surveyed residents had led a peer debrief.

Conclusions

Many residents prefer to debrief with a peer after critical incidents that cause emotional distress. Resident-led workshops can improve resident comfort in peer debriefing.
Efectos neurológicos en trabajadores expuestos a tolueno. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Alonso Perarnau Susana , García Yánez Tivisay , Durán Pérez Mercedes , Andrés Sanz Álvaro
Published: April 2023

Introducción y objetivo: el tolueno es un disolvente orgánico derivado del benceno empleado en diversas industrias, con potenciales efectos nocivos para los trabajadores. Este estudio pretende conocer los posibles efectos neurológicos que presentan los trabajadores expuestos a tolueno.
Material y métodos: revisión sistemática de estudios publicados en inglés y español entre enero/2000-diciembre/2021. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron MEDLINE, WOS, Scopus, Embase, LILACS, IBECS y Cochrane Library. La calidad de los estudios se evaluó mediante la declaración STROBE y el nivel de evidencia mediante los criterios SIGN.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 14 estudios observacionales (calidad entre 13-18, nivel de evidencia entre 2+ y 3). Ocho estudios examinaron síntomas neurológicos inespecíficos y alteraciones del comportamiento encontrando un aumento de síntomas como cefalea, náuseas o vómitos, y una disminución del rendimiento motor y atención en trabajadores expuestos a tolueno (p<0,05). Cuatro estudios examinaron los efectos visuales, encontrando valores de Índice de Confusión de Color (CCI) más elevados en el grupo expuesto (p<0,05). Por último, dos estudios examinaron los efectos del tolueno sobre la audición en co-exposición con ruido, observando en uno de ellos agravamiento de la pérdida auditiva en ambiente ruidoso (concentración media 33-164,6ppm), (p<0,001); mientras que en el otro estudio no se observaron efectos a concentraciones ≤50ppm.
Conclusión: la exposición laboral a tolueno produce efectos neurológicos como síntomas inespecíficos, alteraciones del comportamiento, y efectos en la visión y en la audición. No obstante, es necesario realizar estudios con mejor diseño y calidad metodológica, ajustando factores de confusión y con mayor tamaño muestral.