bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Masalah stunting dan lima upaya pencegahan (five level prevention)
Authors: hikmah Nur
Published: September 2022

Menurut MCA-Indonesia (2015), stunting adalah masalah kurang gizi kronis yang disebabkan oleh asupan gizi yang kurang dalam waktu cukup lama akibat pemberian makanan yang tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan gizi. Stunting terjadimulai janin masih dalam kandungan.Stunting merupakan salah satu masalah gizi yang berdampak buruk terhadap kualitas hidup anak dalam mencapai titik tumbuh kembang yang optimal sesuai potensi genetiknya. Stunting dapat menghambat proses tumbuh kembang pada balita (Kementerian Kesehatan, 2015).Kejadian balita stunting merupakan salah satu masalah gizi yang dialami oleh balita di dunia saat ini. Pada tahun 2017, 22,2% atau sekitar 150,8 juta balita di dunia mengalami stunting. Namun angka ini sudah mengalami penurunan jika dibandingkan dengan angka stunting pada tahun 2000 yaitu 32,6%. Pada tahun 2017, lebih dari setengah balita stunting di dunia berasal dari Asia (55%) sedangkan lebih dari sepertiganya (39%) tinggal di Afrika. Dari 83,6 juta balita stunting di Asia, proporsi terbanyak berasal dari Asia Selatan (58,7%) dan proporsi paling sedikit di Asia Tengah (0,9%).UNICEF mengemukakan sekitar 80% anak stunting terdapat di 24 negara berkembang di Asia dan Afrika, Indonesia merupakan negara urutan kelima yang memiliki prevalensi anak stunting tertinggi setelah India, China, Nigeria dan Pakistan. Sedangkan data prevalensi balita stunting yang dikumpulkan World Health Organization (WHO), Indonesia termasuk ke dalam negara ketiga dengan prevalensi tertinggi di regional Asia Tenggara/South-East Asia Regional (SEAR). Rata-rata prevalensi balita stunting di Indonesia tahun 2005-2017 adalah 36,4% (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2018).
Differential expression of C2orf68 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of C2orf68, encoding chromosome 2 open reading frame 68, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). C2orf68 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Differential expression of COTL1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of COTL1, encoding coactosin-like F-actin binding protein 1, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). COTL1 transcript was present at significantly higher levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
The Semantic Relatedness Effect in Serial Recall: Deconfounding Encoding and Recall Order
Authors: Kowialiewski Benjamin , Krasnoff Julia , Mizrak Eda , Oberauer Klaus
Published: September 2022

The ability to store information in verbal working memory (WM) closely interacts with our linguistic knowledge. For instance, we can hold semantically related words (e.g., “cat, dog, bird”) better in our WM than unrelated ones (e.g., “desk, pillow, mouse”). This study investigates boundary conditions of the beneficial effect of semantic relatedness of words on immediate memory for lists. Independently varying the encoding and recall order for lists of related words, we unraveled several mechanistic explanations of the semantic relatedness effect. We first tested a semantic cueing mechanism, according to which the recall of an item facilitates the recall of other semantically related items. We next disentangled an interactive activation versus feature overlap account of semantic relatedness. Whereas the former predicts that the semantic relatedness effect emerges from the temporal co-activation of related items, the latter predicts that it emerges from the superposition of semantic features bound to similar contexts. Our results demonstrate that semantic relatedness affects WM performance at the encoding stage of WM processing, which rules out semantic cueing as a plausible mechanism. Further, the temporal order in which words are presented was the most important determinant of the semantic relatedness effect, in agreement with the interactive activation account. This study supports a model in which semantic relatedness supports WM through interactive activation occurring in semantic long-term memory.
Me, Myself, and My Stereotypes: Does Retraining Gender Stereotypes Change Men’s Self-Concept?
Authors: Block Katharina , Schmader Toni
Published: September 2022

Communion, a focus on caring for and connecting with others, is a fundamental value associated with well-being among both women and men. Yet, men tend to identify with communion significantly less than women do. Implicit stereotypes that automatically associate communion with women more than with men may limit the degree to which men identify with communion. The current research asks to what extent gender stereotypes and changes in them shape men’s communal self-concept. Applying balanced identity theory, Study 1 reveals that men are less likely than women to implicitly associate themselves with communion (vs. agency), a gender difference in self=communal associations that is larger among those with strong communal=female stereotypes. In Study 2, experimentally retraining men to implicitly associate communion with males (vs. reinforcing communal=female associations) increases their implicit self=communal association. This research answers important practical and theoretical questions about how changes to implicit gender stereotypes affect men’s self-concepts.
Goal-directed and habitual decision making under stress in Gambling Disorder: an fMRI study
Authors: van Timmeren Tim , Piray Payam , Goudriaan Anneke , van Holst Ruth
Published: September 2022

The development of addictive behaviors has been suggested to be related to a transition from goal-directed to habitual decision making. Stress is a factor known to prompt habitual behavior and to increase the risk for addiction and relapse. In the current study, we therefore used functional MRI to investigate the balance between goal-directed ‘model-based’ and habitual ‘model-free’ control systems and whether acute stress would differentially shift this balance in gambling disorder (GD) patients compared to healthy controls (HCs). Using a within-subject design, 22 patients with GD and 20 HCs underwent stress induction or a control condition before performing a multistep decision-making task during fMRI. Salivary cortisol levels showed that the stress induction was successful. Contrary to our hypothesis, GD patients showed intact goal-directed decision making, which remained similar to HCs after stress induction. Bayes factors provided substantial evidence against a difference between the groups or a group-by-stress interaction on the balance between model-based and model-free decision making. Similarly, neural estimates did not differ between groups and conditions. These results challenge the notion that GD is related to an increased reliance on habitual (or decreased goal-directed) control, even during stress.
Inhibitory modulation of speech trajectories: Evidence from a vowel-modified Stroop task
Authors: Beach Sara D , Niziolek Caroline A
Published: September 2022

How does cognitive inhibition influence speaking? The Stroop effect is a classic demonstration of the interference between reading and color naming. We used a novel variant of the Stroop task to measure whether this interference impacts not only the response speed, but also the acoustic properties of speech. Speakers named the color of words in three categories: congruent (e.g., red written in red), color-incongruent (e.g., green written in red), and vowel-incongruent – those with partial phonological overlap with their color (e.g., rid written in red, grain in green, and blow in blue). Our primary aim was to identify any effect of the distractor vowel on the acoustics of the target vowel. Participants were no slower to respond on vowel-incongruent trials, but formant trajectories tended to show a bias away from the distractor vowel, consistent with a phenomenon of acoustic inhibition that increases contrast between confusable alternatives.
Technological analysis and experimental reproduction of the techniques of perforation of quartz beads from the Ceramic period in the Antilles
Authors: Raymond Madeleine , Fouéré Pierrick , Ledevin Ronan , Lefrais Yannick , Queffelec Alain
Published: September 2022

Personal ornaments are a very specific kind of material production in human societies and are particularly valuable artifacts for the archaeologist seeking to understand past societies. In the Caribbean, Early Ceramic Age sites have yielded a highly diverse production both in terms of raw materials and typology. In recent years they have been the subject of renewed interest, mainly based on the diversity and provenance of raw materials, and on typological similarity, used as proxies for exchange networks, social interactions and the evolution of these phenomena through the Ceramic Age. Meanwhile, the chaîne opératoire for lithic beads and pendants has not been investigated in detail, including the process of creating narrow perforations in quartz beads several centimeters long. This hard material (7 on the Mohs scale), represented as rock crystal and amethyst in the collections, is indeed very difficult to perforate without the use of metal drills or harder minerals used as drill-bits or abrasives such as diamond or emery. In this work we demonstrate that it is possible to produce these perforations with cactus thorns and crushed quartz as abrasive powder. We also show that the wear created by our experimental work is fully comparable to the stigmata visible on the archaeological artifacts. This process, using only materials available to Ceramic Age people, also accounts for the absence of both adequate drills and production wastes of quartz beads in the archaeological record. The investment of Ceramic Age inhabitants of the Lesser Antilles in the production of the many beads made of very hard material recovered in archaeological excavations is once again highlighted. The perforation process, not investigated in detail so far in this archaeological context, has to be taken into account in the value of these highly symbolic artifacts, in addition to the exotic provenance of the raw material.
Saving lives with cooking gas? Unintended effects of targeted LPG subsidies in Peru
Authors: THIVILLON Thomas
Published: September 2022

Gas stoves are promoted as clean cooking technologies in developing countries despite the fact that they emit pollutants which are hazardous, in particular for children. I evaluate the effect of the conversion of households from wood-fuel cooking to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cooking on infant mortality using data from sixteen waves of Peru’s continuous Demographic and Health Survey. I exploit the sequential introduction of LPG subsidies targeting low-income households and compare early-treated districts to later or never treated districts using a staggered difference-in-difference estimation strategy. I find that infant mortality increased by 15% as a result of the massive fuel switch induced by the intervention, which corresponds to approximately 6,000 additional infant deaths between 2010 and 2020. Subsidizing LPG also caused a higher incidence of symptoms of acute respiratory infections in children under five and of moderate or severe anemia among adult women, two conditions which are known to be induced by air pollution from cooking fuels. I provide suggestive evidence that these negative health impacts are due to an increase in total exposure to air pollutants. These findings suggest that the promotion of gas stoves can lead to unwanted health outcomes in some contexts and should be undertaken with caution.
Aufholen nach Corona? Maßnahmen der Länder im Kontext des Aktionsprogramms von Bund und Ländern
Authors: Helbig Marcel , Edelstein Benjamin , Fickermann Detlef , Zink Carolin
Published: September 2022

Im Zentrum des vierten Beiheftes der DDS zum Thema „Schule und Corona“ steht die Frage, wie das von Bund und Ländern beschlossene Aktionsprogramm „Aufholen nach Corona“ in den Ländern bisher umgesetzt wurde. Auf der Grundlage von umfassenden Dokumentenanalysen und Expert*inneninterviews werden die von den Ländern geplanten Förder- und Unterstützungsmaßnahmen beschrieben und vergleichend ausgewertet. Der Aufbau flächendeckender Unterstützungsstrukturen ist für alle Länder mit konzeptionellen und praktischen Herausforderungen verbunden, die zudem noch durch einen chronischen Mangel an pädagogischem Personal massiv verschärft werden. Der Ländervergleich zeigt, wie unterschiedlich die Länder mit diesen Herausforderungen umgehen. Während einige Länder gut an vorhandenen Strukturen anknüpfen konnten, fehlt es in anderen Ländern weitgehend an einem den Zielsetzungen des Aktionsprogramms entsprechenden und in sich stimmigen Konzept. Besonders deutlich wird dies bei der Verteilung der Mittel an die Schulen. Hier steht eine zielgruppenorientierte Mittelzuweisung dem altbekannten Gießkannenprinzip gegenüber. Nichtsdestotrotz zeichnen sich auch wegweisende Ansätze für die kompensatorische Förderung von Schüler*innen ab, die künftig für den Abbau von Bildungsungleichheit auch jenseits von Corona genutzt werden können. Ergänzend werden in einem Beitrag von Armin Himmelrath die Aufholprogramme der EU-Länder in den Blick genommen und deren finanzielles Engagement für den Abbau von Lernrückständen verglichen.
Schulische Aufholprogramme nach Corona – finanzielle Rahmenbedingungen im internationalen Vergleich
Authors: Himmelrath Armin
Published: September 2022

Seit über zwei Jahren beeinträchtigt die Corona-Pandemie den Schulalltag. Um deren Folgen aufzufangen, haben die meisten EU-Staaten Aufholprogramme ins Leben gerufen. Beim Vergleich der finanziellen Ausstattung zeigt sich, dass die Länder den notwendigen Umfang dieser Programme offensichtlich sehr unterschiedlich einschätzen. Die Niederlande liegen mit ihren Investitionen im Staatenvergleich einsam an der Spitze, andere Staaten verzichten völlig auf solche Programme. Deutschland rangiert bei diesem EU-weiten Vergleich im hinteren Drittel.
Lehren und Lernen in einer digitalisierten Welt: Ein Blick in die Kommune Hvidovre in Dänemark mit Fokus auf Personalisiertes Lernen
Authors: Sjøholm René Rasmussen
Published: September 2022

In diesem Beitrag wird über das Lehren und Lernen in einer digitalisierten Welt mit Perspektive auf personalisiertes Lernen in Dänemark in Form eines Interviews mit René Rasmussen Sjøholm, Centerchefs des Zentrums für Schule und Bildung in der Kommune Hvidovre, berichtet.
Mission Impossible? A Review of Kylie Jarrett’s Book "Digital Labor"
Authors: Goodwin Peter
Published: September 2022

This article reviews Kylie Jarrett’s new book Digital Labor (2022. Cambridge: Polity Press).  Jarrett develops a precise definition of digital labour to meet the objection that the term has been over-extended. This article argues that, despite much thought-provoking analysis of the different categories included in her definition and imaginative attempts to link them, the book fails to establish that digital labour in an extended sense has any distinct meaning separate from more general developments in work in contemporary capitalism.
Living Dialogical Conversation: Reading John 4:1–42 through the Lens of Post-colonial Indonesian Christianity
Authors: Christoffel Gaspersz Steve Gerardo , Novitra Souisa Nancy
Published: September 2022

This article is an analytical description that aims to scrutinize John 4:1–42 to understand how the Gospel of John describes a theological perspective within a certain socio-political context and, conversely, how the socio-political context determines the theological meaning through John’s storytelling model. By using post-colonial imagination as its framework for text analysis, this article aims to construct a dialogue bridge between the text and the context of multicultural Indonesian society. The imaginary bridge as such functions to provide a critical biblical interpretation such as this text, which is often read as the representation of conflictual socio-cultural and religious identities such as in Indonesian society. This article is a biblical-based theological contribution to interpretive biblical studies in countries such as Indonesia with a majority Muslim population, which exposes the construction of socio-religious identity vis-à-vis othering tendencies based on different representations of identity.
Modeling of appropriate spirometric indicators in practically healthy young women from Podillia with ectomorphic somatotype
Authors: Sarafyniuk L. A. , Kyrychenko Yu. V.
Published: September 2022

Many researchers emphasize the practical importance of using mathematical modeling to determine the reference values of spirographic parameters, but unfortunately, there are no works that study the complex influence of anthropometric and somatotypological indicators on spirometric parameters in healthy young people. The purpose of the work was to build regression models to determine the proper indicators of external breathing in practically healthy young women (YW) ectomorphs and to establish the total influence of the constitutional characteristics of the body on spirographic parameters. We conducted a spirographic examination of 109 practically healthy YW (from 16 to 20 years inclusive) according to the American Pulmonology Association and the European Respiratory Society (2019) method on the Medgraphics Pulmonary Function System 1070 series. The anthropometric examination was carried out according to the method of Bunak V. V. as modified by Shaparenko P. P. (2000). The component composition of body weight was assessed according to Matiegka method (1921), muscle mass according to the method of the American Institute of Nutrition (1991). Somatotypological research was carried out according to the Heath-Carter (1990) method. After somatotyping, it was found that 31 YW had an ectomorphic type of constitution. For them, we conducted a direct step-by-step regression analysis in the “STATISTICA 5.5” package. On the basis of multivariate regression analysis, the total influence of anthropometric, somatotypological and dynamometric indicators on the variability of spirographic parameters of the body was determined. Mathematical modeling was carried out to determine the appropriate individual spirographic indicators in practically healthy YW of the Podillia ectomorphic somatotype. 11 reliable regression linear models were built with the accuracy of the description of the feature in the range of 57.63–94.44 %. To the greatest extent, the value of the spirometric parameters was determined by the girth of the body (most often the girth of the hand), the diameters of the pelvis (most often the external conjugate and intercristal distance), the width of the distal epiphyses (most often the shins), the skinfold thickness (most often under the shoulder blade).
Optimal Particle Size for the Cold Spray Process
Authors: Helfritch D. , Champagne V.
Published: September 2022

The importance of high velocity for good particle deposition efficiency in the cold spray process is well known. Small particles achieve high velocities during nozzle acceleration, but also decelerate rapidly in the flow downstream of the bow shock wave. This study examines the effect of particle size on velocity and deposition efficiency in the cold spray process by means of flow modeling and gas-particle dynamics. Particle trajectories are modeled from the nozzle chamber to the impact with the substrate. Optimum particle size is identified for various particle characteristics and spray configurations.
AC-HVAF Sprayed Tungsten Carbide: Properties and Applications
Authors: Verstak A. , Baranovski V.
Published: September 2022

Activated Combustion HVAF (AC-HVAF) spraying provides efficient deposition of metallic and carbide coatings using solid particle spray technology. Oxidation and thermal deterioration of sprayed materials is significantly reduced, resulting in improved quality of coatings. Resistance of different WC-Co and WC-Co-Cr AC-HVAF coatings to abrasive wear was investigated using ASTM G-65 test. It was found that the AC-HVAF hardware setup, type of fuel gas and spray parameters affected deposition efficiency but not wear resistance of coatings. Herewith, the method of powder manufacturing revealed significant influence on coating wear resistance. The AC-HVAF sprayed coatings were compared to HVOF-sprayed counterparts, as well as to hard surfacing and chrome plating. The AC-HVAF sprayed coatings were efficient in competing with modern surfacing technologies in many industrial applications.
Influence of Surface Character Change of Substrate due to Heating on Flattening Behavior of Thermal Sprayed Particle
Authors: Fukumoto M. , Nagai H. , Yasui T.
Published: September 2022

We have confirmed that in the thermal spraying of practical powder materials, the splat shape changes with increasing substrate temperature to a circular disk shape from a fringe shape with splashing at a critical substrate temperature, Tt. The increase of substrate temperature may accompany a kind of essential change on substrate surface, because the effect is maintained until the substrate is cooled down to room temperature. However, the nature of the substrate surface change due to the heating has not been clearly understood yet. In this study, AISI304 stainless steel was employed as a substrate material, and the substrate was heated in an air atmosphere or laser treated as a pretreatment. Substrate surface topography was analyzed precisely by atomic force microscopy, AFM. We discuss the relationship between surface topography in nano-meter scale and splat morphology. Moreover, in order to evaluate the effect of chemical composition of the substrate surface, gold was coated onto the substrate surface by PVD method after the heat treatment. The effect of adsorbate/condensate on the substrate surface on the flattening behavior of thermal sprayed particles was also verified.
Benefit of Surface Oxide Removal on Thermal Spray Coating Adhesion Using the PROTAL Process
Authors: Li H. , Costil S. , Deng S-H. , Liao H-L. , Coddet C. , Ji V. , Huang W-J.
Published: September 2022

Although it is widely used prior to the spraying stage to eliminate the surface contaminants and to improve the splat contact with substrate, a preheating operation should be precisely controlled to keep the metallic substrate away from an excessive oxidation. In most cases, the oxide scale can deteriorate the interface adhesion. A nanosecond pulsed laser treatment is a powerful tool to remove the surface oxide layers. It is also the fundamental principle of the PROTAL process that combines a laser surface preparation and the thermal spraying process. In this paper, a nanosecond pulsed laser was used to remove the thermally induced oxide while keeping the advantage of preheating. It is shown that the particle splashing was suppressed and the deposit adhesion was significantly improved resulting from the laser cleaning effects. The mechanism of oxide removal is also investigated.
Importance of Surface Preparation Technology Prior to Coating Deposition on Cylinder Bores for High Performance Engines
Authors: Barbezat G.
Published: September 2022

Thermal sprayed coatings are already used for the wear protection of cylinder bores since more than five years in the automotive industry, primarily in Europe. The adhesion of the coating on the different possible substrates is a key factor for the success of this operation. This paper gives an overview of the different potential processes used for the surface preparation prior to coating deposition. The influence of different substrate materials will be discussed also. Aluminum casting alloys, magnesium base materials, cast iron and also steel substrates will be considered in this paper. The safety and economical aspects of the different processes are considered also. Further, the paper will give an update of the state of the art of the thermal spraying of cylinder bores and the important aspect regarding the saving of energy resource.
Effects of Powder Size in Cored Wire on Arc-Sprayed Metal-Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Fang J.J. , Li Z.X. , Qian M. , Ren C.L. , Shi Y.W.
Published: September 2022

The effect of nano and microstructured powders in cored wires on formation and properties of Fe-TiB2 composite coatings by high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) was investigated. Six cored wires filled with different average ceramic particle sizes (20-40 nm, 2 µm, and 420 µm) and fine powder contents (0, 8, 16, 20, 24, 32wt.%) were sprayed. The flattening behavior of sprayed particles was characterized and compared by using optical microscopy (OM) and 3D Surface Profiler. The microstructure of the coatings and phase compositions were characterized by means of Laser Confocal Scan Microscopy, SEM, EDAX and XRD. Hardness and wear properties were evaluated. The results showed that the splat shape of the cermets has a transitional tendency to change from a distorted heavy splash to a disk with little splash with (i) increasing the percentage of fine ceramic particles and (ii) decreasing coatings porosity. Fe –2 µm 32% TiB2 coatings reveals a dispersion of fine ceramic particles and less scattering of hardness, which improved the wear resistance and changed the abrasion mode.
Processing and Properties of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia TBCs Produced Using Nitrogen as Primary Plasma Gas
Authors: Marple B.R. , Lima R.S. , Moreau C. , Kruger S.E. , Xie L. , Dorfman M.
Published: September 2022

Thermal barrier coatings were produced using both Ar and N2 as the primary plasma gas. Various aspects of the process and the coatings were investigated. It was found that higher in-flight particle temperatures could be produced using N2, but particle velocities were lower. Deposition efficiencies could be increased by a factor of two by using N2 as compared to Ar. Coatings having similar values of porosity, hardness, Young’s modulus and thermal diffusivity could be produced using the two primary gases. The coatings exhibited similar changes (increased hardness, stiffness and thermal diffusivity) when heat-treated at 1400°C. The results point to the potential advantage, in terms of reduced powder consumption and increased production rate, of using N2 as compared to Ar as the primary plasma gas for TBC deposition.
Improvement of Plasma Sprayed Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) Electrolytes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells by Spin Coated Sol Gel Solutions
Authors: Rose L. , Tang Z. , Burgess A. , Kesler O.
Published: September 2022

Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is the most commonly used electrolyte material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), due to its pure ionic conductivity and chemical stability. Standard electrolyte fabrication techniques for planar fuel cells involve wet ceramic techniques such as tape-casting or screen printing, which require sintering at temperatures above 1300°C. Plasma spraying (PS) may provide a more rapid and cost efficient method of producing SOFCs without requiring high temperature post-deposition heat treatments. However, it is difficult to produce plasma sprayed layers that are both thin (<20µm) and completely dense. It is of utmost importance to have a dense electrolyte to prevent the mixing of cathode and anode reactant gases. This study investigates the use of spin coated sol gel derived YSZ precursor solutions to fill the pores present in plasma sprayed YSZ layers.
Comparison of Operating Characteristics for Gas and Liquid Fuel HVOF Torches
Authors: Rusch W.
Published: September 2022

Gas and Liquid fuel HVOF thermal spray torches have been commercially available for the past 20 years. These torches have different fundamental operating characteristics, such as gas flows, exit gas velocities, and thermal efficiencies. This paper will examine the fundamental operating and design characteristics of the Diamond Jet, WokaJet, JP5000, and WokaStar HVOF torches. Results for total heat input to the torch, thermal efficiency, and design conditions are presented.
Influence of Plasma Instabilities in Ceramic Suspension Plasma Spraying
Authors: Etchart-Salas R. , Rat V. , Coudert J.F. , Fauchais P.
Published: September 2022

Suspension Plasma Spraying (SPS) allows depositing finely structured coatings. This paper presents an analysis of the influence of plasma instabilities which control the interaction plasma jet-zirconia suspension. A particular attention is paid to the treatment of suspension jet or drops according to the importance of voltage fluctuations (linked to those of arc root) and depending on the different spray parameters such as the plasma forming gas mixture and the suspension momentum. By observing the suspension drops injection with a fast shutter camera and a laser flash triggered by a defined transient voltage level of the plasma torch, the influence of plasma fluctuation on drops fragmentation is studied through the deviation and dispersion trajectories of droplets within the plasma jet.
Influence of Atomization Gas on the Particle Formation During Arc Spraying with Cored Wires
Authors: Tillmann W. , Vogli E. , Abdulgader M.
Published: September 2022

To use the manifold possibilities that the arc spraying offers to deposit carbide layers, the knowledge of the particle characteristics are necessary. This work is focused on understanding the particle formation during arc spraying with cored wires. The influence of primary and secondary atomization gas on the particle formation as well as on the particle shape, particle dimension and grain size are analyzed. Melting behaviors of different cored wires under various spraying parameters are investigated. Correlations between coating properties and particle characteristics are established. Experimental approaches to determine the in-flight properties of the sprayed particles in combination with metallographic analyses were employed to establish these correlations.
Online Coating Thickness Monitoring: Conclusive Results from Early Industrial Implementations
Authors: Nadeau A. , Pouliot L. , Nadeau F. , Blain J. , Berube S.A. , Moreau C. , Lamontagne M.
Published: September 2022

Numerous efforts have been carried out over the years to improve process control in the thermal spray industry. Among those, the need for online monitoring of the thickness of the coating is unquestionable as it leads directly to better uniformity, less powder usage and increased productivity. In 2006, a new technology based on 3D profiling has been adapted to the thermal spraying environment and has shown conclusive results for online real-time monitoring of the thickness of single layers as they were being sprayed. A micron level resolution was achieved independently of the process, the powder and the thermal effects related to thermal spraying. In this paper, we present the latest results from early industrial implementations. New applications of this technology for substrate geometries with increased complexity are also investigated.
Behavior of Thermally Sprayed Wear Protective Coatings Exposed to Different Abrasive Wear Conditions in Comparison to Hard Chromium Platings
Authors: Wank A. , Schwenk A. , Wielage B. , Grund T. , Friesen E. , Pokhmurska H.
Published: September 2022

For deposition of protective coatings different coating techniques are available. Usually, detailed evaluation of various deposit types and materials is necessary for selection of the best suited coating for specific application fields and demands. Subject of this work are thermally sprayed functional coatings applied as wear (and corrosion) protective layers. Examination of different optimized thermal spray coatings, i.e. HVOF sprayed WC/Co(Cr) and Cr3C2/NiCr coatings, conventional flame sprayed and fused self fluxing alloy coatings reinforced by hardmetal and APS sprayed oxide Al2O3/TiO2 and Cr2O3 coatings, is done in comparison to thick hard chromium platings. Two abrasive wear tests featuring wear by lose abrasive particles are carried out. These impart dry wear conditions according to ASTM G65 (Rubber Wheel test) and wear by abrasive suspensions according to ASTM G75 (Miller test). The work also contains evaluation of newly developed HVOF torch components permitting increased combustion gas, and therefore also particle, velocities concerning the benefit in terms of coating properties. Exemplary evaluation of the new components influence on velocity and temperature of spray particles is carried out by comparative SprayWatch analyses. Both the influence on the coatings microstructure and the wear performance are studied. Coating microstructure is evaluated qualitatively by optical and scanning electron microscopy and the micro hardness HV0.3 is measured. Worn surfaces are studied by SEM in order to deduce wear mechanisms.
A Method of Evaluating Thermal Spray Process Performance
Authors: Molz R. , Hawley D.
Published: September 2022

Various methods of calculating coating costs and process performance have been used throughout the development of thermal spray processes; each tending to be unique to each process or coating method. Comparison of the effective performance of each process, in relation to each other, is hampered and difficult to compare on an equal basis. A more generic and global method is presented, based on deriving a unified process efficiency formula that takes into account all energy inputs and energy outputs of a process in the same energy units. Applying the coating process specifics such as deposit efficiency can then be used to determine a unitized process cost in terms of energy required and subsequently coating cost. This method permits direct comparison of process efficiency for each process and specific coating conditions, promoting the advancement of more efficient and controlled thermal spray processes. Example of the results are the surprisingly low process efficiencies, less than 5%, for processes that use higher energy levels, and the highest efficiency recorded by arc wire at nearly 30%.
ДО ПИТАННЯ ПРО ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІСТОРИЧНОГО ДОКУМЕНТУ НА ЗНО З ІСТОРІЇ УКРАЇНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ СУЧАСНИХ ЗАВДАНЬ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Соловйова Тетяна , Ткаченко Олеся , Ткаченко Тетяна
Published: September 2022

У статті розглянуто питання використання історичного документу на ЗНО з історії України в контексті сучасних завдань освіти. На сучасному етапі розвитку Україн освітня політика держави спрямована на приведення її у відповідність до освітньої системи світового рівня і повинна бути орієнтована на отримання якісного результату в навчанні. Для отримання об’єктивних та достовірних даних про рівень навчальних досягнень учнів в Україні і проводять зовнішнє незалежне оцінювання, яке є неупередженим, оскільки його здійснюють незалежні від навчальних закладів інституції, застосовуючи стандартизовані тестові завдання.
Значна увага приділяється формуванню змісту тестів з історії України. Тести складають таким чином, щоб визначити рівень знань учнів з предмету, сформованість умінь та навичок характеризувати, пояснювати, обґрунтовувати, знаходити причинно-наслідкові зв’язки. Залучення до аналізу історичних документів допоможе також сформувати в учнів історичну компетентність (хронологічну, просторову, логічну, аксіологічну, інформаційну). Це уміння орієнтуватися в історичному часі, розглядати суспільні явища в конкретно-історичних умовах, знаходити взаємозв’язки в розвитку соціуму, господарства, культури, релігії, розуміти множинність трактувань минулого та зіставляти різні його інтерпретації, ставити запитання та шукати відповіді, уміти пояснювати теоретичні поняття, характеризувати історичні постаті, критично оцінювати джерела, аналізувати розбіжності в позиціях авторів джерел, осмислювати зв’язки між історією і сучасним життям.
Тексти історичних джерел, що пропонуються на ЗНО, мають бути адаптовані для їх розуміння учнями. Зміст документа повинен відповідати головним науковим критеріям, таким як історизм, об’єктивність, цілісність, альтернативність в думках, позиціях, поглядах авторів. Історичний документ повинен слугувати як засобом здобуття історичних знань учнями, допомагати вирішувати проблемні і творчі завдання, так і надавати інформацію про нові факти, події, явища, ілюструвати та конкретизувати теоретичний матеріал.
Школярі повинні навчитися висловлювати власні думки відносно тверджень, відображених в документі, робити висновки наскільки документ об’єктивно відображає проблему, висунуту в ньому та відповідає історичним обставинам, що вивчаються. Слід зазначити, що найчастіше документи надають інформацію про історичні факти, а не історичний процес, тому учні для реконструкції історичної дійсності повинні залучати художню літературу, побутовий та біографічний матеріал, який містить характеристики історичних діячів. Через такий міжпредметний зв’язок учні здобувають можливість отримувати знання як з історії, літератури, правознавства так і інших предметів.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МОВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ВЛАДИ В УКРАЇНІ: СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Молоткіна Валентина
Published: September 2022

У статті аналізуються особливості реалізації мовної політики радянською владою в Україні.
Розглянуто одну з найзапекліших дискусій щодо теорії «боротьби двох культур», яка виникла на початку й обговорювалась впродовж 1920-х рр. та відобразилась на всьому культуротворчому процесі даного періоду. 
З’ясовано, що у 1930ті рр. ті, хто хотів доступитися до сучасних знань та сучасної думки, мусили дедалі частіше вдаватися до російської мови. Хто ж дотримувався української, не тільки прирікав себе на приниження, а й, навіть, наражався на небезпеку бути проголошеним ворогом народу з усіма наступними наслідками.
Після закінчення Другої світової війни знову посилився великодержавний вплив у процесі висвітлення та викладання історії, сталися зміни в ідеологічних формулюваннях, які позначилися на становищі української мови. На хвилі поміркованої десталінізації, спостерігалося деяке пом’якшення у мовній сфері. Проте вже наприкінці 1950х рр. радянська влада продовжила примусовий курс русифікації, результатом якого стало різке обмеження використання української мови в економіці, суспільно-політичному житті, освіті, науці та культурі. Проти процесів русифікації населення України виступали українські науковці, педагоги, письменники, громадські діячі. Але влада вдавалася до різних заходів, щоб змусити населення користуватися російською мовою. Зменшувався тираж україномовних періодичних видань, книг, підручників. Скорочувалась кількість україномовних шкіл. Можна було навчатися в Україні і не вивчати української мови. В театрах, кінотеатрах та на телебаченні домінувала російська мова. Відчутна перевага національної мови спостерігалася лише в радіопередачах. 
Встановлено, що влада підступно втручалася в розвиток української мови, спрямовуючи зусилля на її штучне зближення з російською (так зване «злиття»), тобто етнокультурну асиміляцію. Агресивна русифікація в містах починалася з дитсадка. Значна частина українців змушена була навчатися в російських школах, а потім майже всі вступали до закладів вищої освіти з російською мовою навчання. Так, серед громадян України з дитинства формувався стереотип неповноцінності української мови. Вся система освіти закладала підвалини для широкомасштабної денаціоналізації підростаючого покоління.
KENDALA DAN STRATEGI GURU DALAM MEMOTIVASI ANAK UNTUK BELAJAR DARI RUMAH (BDR) PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI PAUD NEGERI PERCONTOHAN KABUPATEN SIJUNJUNG
Authors: Murni Murni , Barmawi Barmawi , Nelisma Yuliana , Yondris Yondris , Asmadin Asmadin
Published: September 2022

Pandemi COVID-19 telah mengubah praktik dan kebiasaan belajar. Pembelajaran yang biasanya dilakukan di satuan pendidikan kemudian berpindah menjadi belajar dari rumah (BDR). Guru dan peserta didik terlibat dalam BDR yang menghadirkan sejumlah tantangan dan kendala serta strategi dalam  pelaksanaannya. Kendala yang dialami guru dalam BDR pada penelitian  ini adalah  kendala dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan penilaian pembelajaran, kendala tersebut menuntut guru berupaya membuat strategi dalam memotivasi anak untuk  BDR pada masa pandemi ini. Hal itu karena  perubahan pola pembelajaran yang begitu drastis berisiko menyebabkan penurunan kualitas pembelajaran. Padahal kualitas pembelajaran merupakan kunci dari hasil belajar peserta didik. Jika kualitas belajar menurun, hasil belajar peserta didik pun cenderung menurun (learning loss). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kendala dan strategi guru dalam memotivasi anak belajar dari rumah (BDR) pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di PAUD Negeri Percontohan Kabupaten Sijunjung. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di PAUD Negeri Percontohan pada bulan Juni dan Juli tahun 2021. Sumber data primer atau informan inti dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 6 orang yaitu Majelis guru, Informan tambahan Kepala Sekolah. Peneliti bertindak sebagai instrument kunci, dengan menggunakan instrumen pendukung berupa pedoman wawancara dan studi dokumentasi.  Data sekunder pada penelitian ini adalah dokumen-dokumen terkait tentang pembelajaran BDR pada masa pandemic covid 19. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan  studi dokumentasi, selanjutnya data yang terkumpul diujikan  keabsahan  dengan teknik triangulasi. Kemudian data di analisis dengan menggunakan pendapat Milles dan Hubberman  melalui reduksi, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, kendala guru dalam pelaksanaan  BDR diantaranya adalah  kendala dalam perencanaan BDR, guru terkendala dalam menetukan indikator pembelajaran. Dalam pelaksanaan BDR guru mengalami kesulitan dalam menentukan kegiatan sesuai situasi dan kondisi anak, sedangkan dalam penilaian BDR, guru terkendala dalam menilai aspek perkembangan anak yang disebabkan perkembangan anak tidak bisa dipantau oleh guru. Adapun Strategi guru dalam memotivasi anak untuk  BDR adalah dengan memberikan kegiatan BDR sesuai dengan dunia anak yaitu melalui permainan, membuat grup whatshaap, menyampaikan video pembelajaran yang menarik, memberikan reward berupa kata-kata pujian dan emotikon yang menambah gairah dan semangat anak dalam pelaksanaan BDR.
Numerical modeling of the task of support tension near cleaning
Authors: Shaikhova G.S. , Belomestny D. , Mergembaeva A.Zh.
Published: September 2022

The problem of stresses and displacements of an oblique-layered massif near a mine working, which is located entirely in one of the rock layers, is considered when the mine is tested by the effects of cleaning works in a coal seam. This effect is taken into account by specifying a system of normal and shear forces at the boundary of the lower layered half-plane with a hole. The problem is solved by imposing the complex Kolosov – Muehehelishvili potentials and Fourier integral transforms. Based on the method of Fourier integral transforms in the theory of elasticity, a system of integral with respect to normal and tangential contact forces is obtained for the case of two different layered half-surfaces. In this work, systems of integral equations are obtained in solving the problem of the reference pressure on an obliquely buried coal seam near the mine working. In this paper, the method of integral Fourier transforms in the theory of elasticity, obtained a system of integral with respect to normal and tangential contact forces for the case of two different layered half-surfaces.
Relationship between Organizational Environment and Teachers' Citizenship Behaviour at Public Universities of Punjab
Authors: Sajid Sajid Mahmood , Jamil Muhammad , Abbas Muhammad
Published: September 2022

This research was about the relationship between the organizational environment and teachers' citizenship behavior in public universities in the Punjab province. All the university teachers were the population. From the 6 randomly selected universities, 400 university teachers were used as the research sample. The data was collected through a questionnaire consisting of a Likert five-point scale and analyzed using MS-Excel 2010 and the 20th version of the social science statistical software package. The relationship between the two variables was computed by using the Pearson product moment (r). The research results showed that there was a significant weak relationship between the organizational environment and teachers' citizenship behavior
Effect of Aggression on the Performance of Handball Female Players of Sargodha
Authors: Kousar Rehana , Jabeen Afshan , Qureshi Bilal Ahmad
Published: September 2022

The aim of this research was to examine the psychological factor of aggression influencing the female performance of the handball team in the Sargodha District. Taking this research objective as a general purpose of this study, a descriptive survey design was applied to examine the research issue.The samples for the present study included all female players of Handball in Sargodha District female colleges who were selected by using a stratified random sampling technique. A total of 52 hand ballplayers (age b/w 16 - 22 years) were taken as a sample. Two categories of questions were asked about aggression and performance. The aggression inventory scale was made to analyze the aggression level.Team performance was evaluated to measure the self-scoring. With respect to aggression scores in handball a considerable difference was noticed (t=-4.96, p less than 0.05) at the significance level (05 percent). The study results found that female players on Handball team had increased aggression. The current study also proved that there is a positive correlation between aggression and players' performance as positive reinforcement and winning the match have a good influence on the handball players' performance.
Impact of Social Media Usage on Academic Procrastination
Authors: Anwar Mussarat , Anwar Ayesha , Marwan Amir Hamza
Published: September 2022

This research study aims to discover the possible relationship between social media usage with academic procrastination exhibited by students. The multistage sampling technique was utilized and a sample of N=240 belonging to different educational levels (intermediate, graduate, and post-graduate), stratified by gender (boys=120 and girls=120), was drawn from various educational institutions in the Peshawar district. The researchers utilized Social Networking Time Use Scale:SONTUS (Olufadi, 2016) to measure the time spent by the subjects on social networking sites. Whereas the Academic Procrastination Scale: APS (McCloskey, 2011) was used to gauge the Academic procrastination level of the respondents. Results indicated significant positive correlation between social media usage and academic procrastination, r = 0.424; p less than 0.01. An inverse relationship of educational level with social media time usage and academic procrastination was also manifested, r=-.153; p less than0.01 and r = -.167; p less than 0.01. Moreover, there was no significant difference in academic procrastination tendency by gender F(1,238)= 1.334, P greater than .05.