bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systemic Review of the Bottlenecks and Priority Corresponding Strategic Interventions of Enhancing Environmental Management and Sustainability in the case of Ethiopia country
Authors: Suleyman Abdureman Omer  , Nuradin Abdi Hassen
Published: December 2020

Appropriate management of natural resources (land, soil, water and environment) is a powerful influence on environmental quality and sustainability and can lead to increased long term agricultural production and productivity. Therefore, the extension system needs to introduce appropriate natural resources in order to avert environmental degradation. In this sub-section, four extension-related bottlenecks that affect resource management have been identified. These are, (1) Poor linkage between natural resource management and livelihood strategies, (2) Limited capacity on environment and Natural Resource Management (3) Low access to and use of climate smart agricultural technologies and agro-metrological information and (4) Less attention to environment sustainability in the extension advisory service. This strategy has developed four systemic interventions to address these bottlenecks.
Influence of a chemical preparation of triazole50% cs on sowing the winter wheat against rust
Authors: AliyevSh.K.  , TuychiyevI.U  , Karimov N  , Umaraliev.M.I
Published: December 2020

The article is focused on the data of the carried works on studying biological efficiency of fungi Triazole 50% on sowing the winter wheat against yellow rust as well as on the height, development and fertility of the wheat.

On May 5, 2019 from 9 to 10 o’clock under the temperature 21-23 field experiments of Triazol 50% CS manufactured by the firm “Agroximstar” (Uzbekistan) were carried out on winter wheat as a protector of seeds of winter wheat of Pervitsa sort against the disease of yellow rustin the irrigated conditions in an experimental field of the Institute “Istiklal” of Andijan district of Andijan region.

The aim of the given research is to study biological-farming efficiency and determination of optimal norms of preparation expenses and to study the influence of fungicide on the height and development as well as on the fertility of the wheat.

The received data showed that the preparation Triazole 50% CS effected on the pathogen of yellow rust favorably and besides that it didn’t effect on seed growth and energy of growth negatively.
Some Information About The History Of The Formation Of Historical-Geographical Views About Central Asia In Europe
Authors: A.A.Erkuziev
Published: December 2020

Central Asia has played an important role in the political, economic and cultural relations of different nations and countries since ancient times as one of the centers of the world civilization. The Great Silk Road, which passed through this region, brought together the countries on the trade routes, the peoples living in them, and served to spread information about their traditions, lifestyles, location, historical events. These data, in turn, brought different peoples closer and served as the basis for the establishment of mutual economic and cultural relationships between them. One of the important scientific issues here is the study of the spread of information about the Central Asian region, where most of the Great Silk Road passed, to Western Europe through other countries.
Courses of mental arithmetics. Influence on child's brain development.
Authors: Kalekeeva Sarbinaz Turkmenbaevna
Published: December 2020

This article examines the impact of mental arithmetic on the development of a child's brain, as well as the functions performed by the right and left hemispheres of the child's brain.
Kinetics of calcium Cyanamid obtaining process from lime, carbon dioxide and ammonia
Authors: O.Kh. Panjiev  , A.Kh.Panzhiev
Published: December 2020

In Uzbekistan, the main range of nitrogen fertilizers produced is ammonium nitrate, carbamide and ammonium sulfate, the use of which has led to acidification of millions of hectares of land for many years, which negatively affects the receipt of high yields of agricultural crops
Dynamics of in-process control with non-contact air gauges
Authors:   Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Poland, Rucki Mirosław
Published: December 2020

Dynamic properties of the air gauges performing in-process measurement are of the great importance because of dynamic error affecting the measurement results. The paper presents the analysis of the air gauges dynamics and some practical recommendation. The investigations proved the dependence of the time constants on the actually measured back-pressure. In practical solutions of in-process control, the air gauge must work in conditions of falling back-pressure since with the material removal dimensions of the machined workpiece go down. Thus, in the area of the smallest values of back-pressure within the measuring range, the time constant value is the largest. Worsening of the air gauge dynamic properties at the end stage of the machining must be considered when the dynamic characteristics of the projected air gauge are calculated.
Students’ Perception Toward the Implementation of Speech Training
Authors: Syafryadin  , Nurkamto Joko , Bharati Dwi Anggani Linggar , Mujiyanto Januarius
Published: December 2020

Speech anxiety becomes one of the obstacles for the students to enhance their speaking competence. The students felt afraid of speaking in public because the students were apprehansion to make mistakes, gain negative evaluation and less preparation in giving speech. Thus, this study was designed to know students’ perception toward the implementation of speech training in improving students’ speaking competence and reducing speech anxiety. This study used descriptive qualitative. The population of this study is fourth semester students in academic year of 2015/2016 of English Department in one of the private universities at Kendari. The number of the students was 38. The instruments of this study were anxiety test, observation checklist, interview guideline and note taking. The data were analyzed qualitatively. The findings of this study were the students had positive response or attitude to the implementation of Speech Training. Based on the interview and observation guideline, the students were enthusiastic in joining speech training and they feel better in giving speech in front of many people. Besides, most of the students weren't anxious anymore, even though some students were still awkward in giving speech. Thus, the students assume that speech training could alleviate their speech anxiety and improve their speaking competence.
Hunt Regional Medical Center Policy for Dapsone administration of ARDS by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kanwar Badar , Sergi Consolato , Lee Jong-hoon
Published: December 2020

A covid-19 committee at Hunt regional Medical centre reviewed the use of Dapsone use as an off label medication based upon treatment adjuncts and inflammasome thesis. It recommends that any physician can write this prescription. However, to ensure safe, appropriate, and accurate administration. Following general guidance is recommended.
Age Differences in Personality Traits and Social Desirability: A Multi-Rater Multi-Sample Study
Authors: Ausmees Liisi , Kandler Christian , Realo Anu , Allik Jüri , Borkenau Peter , Hrebickova Martina , Mõttus René
Published: December 2020

Little research has examined age differences by using more than one source of information. We compared age differences in Five-Factor Model (FFM) facets and nuances in self-reports and ratings by knowledgeable informants using samples from three countries (Estonia, Germany, and the Czech Republic; N=5,624). We hypothesized that age differences would be larger in self- than informant-reports, because of greater social desirability in self-descriptions with advancing age. Indeed, we found that age differences were systematically smaller in informant-reports compared to self-reports; this trend was stronger for traits independently rated as socially desirable. As age differences may be best approximated by average trends of self- and informant-reports, we provide meta-analytic age trends for multi-rater composite scores of the FFM facets and nuances.
Radical Thought Experiments with Human Consciousness in Number Theory
Authors: Popov Michael
Published: December 2020

Number theory may be not necessarily " Divine" as is suggested by Leopold Kronecker ( "God made the integers,all else is the work of man"),but it itself has own history of mathematical experiments with Human consciousness : from historical Zeno's Gedanken experiments with conscious perception of motion and time and Kronecker's thought experiments with Zeno's intervals to disruptive Ramanujan's experiments with infinity machines. Number theoretical paradigm in consciousness studies offers another way to look at complexity of processes of consciousness in the context of original Platonic interdisciplinarity.
Need Satisfaction and Achievement Goals for Teaching of Universi-ty Faculty: An International Study of Their Interplay and Relevance for Positive Affect, Teaching Quality, and Professional Learning
Authors: Daumiller Martin , Janke Stefan , Rinas Raven , Dickhäuser Oliver , Dresel Markus
Published: December 2020

Previous research has successfully used basic psychological need and achievement goal ap-proaches for describing the motivations of university faculty for teaching and for explaining differences in faculty experiences, success, and learning. However, the interplay between these motivational constructs has been largely ignored, with only faculty from specific educational contexts being studied—neglecting those from other higher education systems and institution types that potentially differ in the configurations, levels, and effects of their motivations. As combining both approaches and examining multiple educational contexts is essential for a comprehensive theoretical understanding of faculty motivation and generalizable results, we conducted an international study including 1,410 university faculty members from German, In-dian, and US-American teaching and research universities. Aside from need satisfaction and achievement goals, we measured their positive affect, teaching quality, and professional learn-ing. Results attested measurement invariance of basic need and achievement goal scales regard-ing language, higher education context, and institution type. We found small differences in mo-tivations between the three higher education contexts and negligible differences between institu-tion types. Task, learning, and relational goals were positively, and work avoidance goals were negatively linked to the outcome variables. Need satisfaction sensibly explained differences in pursuit of these goals, and—directly and indirectly through the goals—also the outcome varia-bles. Taken together, these results provide international evidence for the importance of faculty motivation for teaching and illuminate how need satisfaction is relevant for goal pursuit, while both motivation approaches uniquely matter for faculty experiences, success, and learning.
Paritas dan Body Condition Score (BCS) Ternak Sapi Bali di Wilayah Kanusuang, Sulawesi Barat
Authors: Masir Ummul , Santi  , Fausiah Andi
Published: December 2020

The study aims to provide an overview of the value of the body condition and parity of Bali cattle in the Kanusuang region, West Sulawesi. A total of 11 Bali cows that have been given birth once were involved in this study. Data were collected by direct observation of Bali cows in the field and interview toward the farmers. All cows were subjected to body condition scoring (BCS; scale 1 - 5) through visual measurement. The results of this study showed that most of the proportion of Bali cattle with parity 1 and 2 were the same, 36,36%, while parity 3 was 27,2%. There were 15,4% of the total sample observed cattle have BCS value 3, followed by BCS values 4 and 5 respectively 46,1% and 38,5%. The correlation test between parity and BCS obtained value r=0,355 (P>0,05) means no correlation between both of the data. The BCS value of livestock belonging to farmers in the study location was in the normal range, which refers to the standard BCS values 1-5. The parity value obtained cannot be used as a standard for determining reproductive performance, but was invented as an evaluation of reproductive efficiency.
Pengaruh Injeksi Introvit-E-Selen terhadap Lama Force Molting dan Hen Day Ayam Isa Brown
Authors: Said Nur Saidah , Sulmiyati Sulmiyati , Fahrodi Deka Uli
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Intovit-E-Selen injection on the length of force molting and Hen Day of Isa Brown hens. The experimental animal used was 80-week-old Isa Brown hens. A total of 80 Isa Brown hens were divided into 4 treatments with 20 replications. The treatments consisted of P0 (0.3 ml Phosphate Buffer Saline), P1 (0.3 ml Intovit-E-Selen Injection), P2 (0.6 ml Intovit-E-Selen Injection), and P3 (0.9 ml Intovit-E-Selen Injection). The study was conducted by calculating the length of force molting and Hen Day. The research results were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by further tests using the Duncan test. The results showed that the treatment of P3 (0.9 ml of Introvit-E-Selen Injection) had an influence on the length of force molting with an average value of 30.55 ± 2.74 and the treatment of P2 (0.6 ml of Introvit-E-Selen Injection) had an influence on Hen Day with an average value of 80.25 ± 1.48. Introvit-E-Selen injection in Isa Brown chickens can shorten the time of force molting and increase the percentage of Hen Day.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ ГАЗОВОГО СЕКТОРА АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА
Authors: Gasumov E. , Veliev V. , Gasumov R.
Published: December 2020

В статье рассмотрены особенности развития газового сектора Азербайджана. Проведен анализ развития газового сектора республики, с учетом разрабатываемых новых газоконденсатных месторождений и реализуемых международных трубопроводов по экспорту природного газа из морских месторождений каспийского шельфа. Рассмотрены перспективы развития газового сектора республики, новые маршруты газопроводов и основные риски при реализации международных газовых проектов при экспорте азербайджанского газа.
ПЕРСОНАЛИЗИРОВАННАЯ ТРАЕКТОРИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ СТУДЕНТА В ЦИФРОВОЙ СРЕДЕ СТУДЕНТОЦЕНТРИРОВАННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ
Authors: Zhienbaeva N. , Abdigapbarova U.
Published: December 2020

В данной статье обосновывается факт недостаточной разработанности теоретикопрактических основ совершенствования образовательного потенциала студентоцентрированного обучения, ее организационно-методической обеспеченности. Важным в нашем исследовании было определить целесообразность внедрения персонализированного обучения как трансформированной формы студентоцентрированного подхода в цифровой среде, значительно и эффективно повышающих профессионально-практическую компетентность будущего учителя. Цель исследования выявить и обосновать стратегию персонализированного развития личности студента в цифровой среде как основание трансформированного студентоцентрированного обучения.
THE STATUS AND CHALLENGES OF SINO-RUSSIAN FAR EAST COOPERATION
Authors: Ying W.
Published: December 2020

The legal basis for Sino-Russian cooperation in the Russian Far East is gradually being improved. The transition from the national level to the regional level has made cooperation more targeted. The main areas of cooperation between China and Russia in the Far East are mineral resource development, forests, energy, trade, and transportation. In 2018, the bilateral trade volume reached 107.06 billion U.S. dollars, of which the trade volume between Russia and Northeast China exceeded 23.5 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 21% of ChinaRussia bilateral trade, an increase of 4% compared with 2017. The main challenges facing both China and Russia are the need to improve the business environment in Russia, the need to improve the protection mechanism of foreign investors’ rights and interests in Russia, and the need to change the alertness of Russia. The challenge for China is that there is a large gap in investment strength with Russia. Before cooperation The local laws of Russia should be studied carefully, and the state should gradually improve the protection mechanism for investors.
A Snare in the Narrative Structure: An Exploration of Hermeneutic Code in "The Kite Runner"
Authors: Alam Syed Maqsood , Jamil Amir , Khaliq Abdul
Published: December 2020

The present paper studies the novel The Kite Runner by Khalid Hosseini through the lens of Barthe's narrative code theory. The paper primarily focuses on the Hermeneutic code works underlyingly to the narrative. The researchers in the present chapter analyze the mysterious and puzzling elements in the novel, which help in the formation of the text: the current study, the novel The Kite Runner through the Hermeneutic code of Barthes. Barthes gives the five codes theory in his book S/Z. The codes are Hermeneutic code, Proairetic code, Symbolic code, Cultural code and Semantic code. The Hermeneutic code is also termed as jamming, snare and delay or enigma code. The present study is important in the field of narratology because it minutely focusses on the one thread of the narrative to understand the role played by Hermeneutic code in the formation of the narrative structure.
Different Forms of Violence – Selected Issues
Authors: Mikołajczuk Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

Violence has been part of the human history since its very beginning. As some believe, it is “Cain’s sin” that determines violent human behaviour. Though this belief is obviously simplified, it reflects the nature of man. We are eager to seek evil in others, in individuals and in social structures. It is not just the family that is oppressive. Violence is ubiquitous; it is inflicted by peer groups, social classes, organisations, and by the state. Violence is commonly defined as social behaviour against someone or something, the aggressor being on one side and the victim on the other. Usually, a narrow definition of violence is used; i.e., violence is understood as the use of force to obtain from others what they are not willing to give or what they do not want to do. However, violence is a more complex phenomenon. Some forms of violence are sophisticated and difficult to discern, not only in the behaviour of others but also in our own actions. Violence occurs on a micro-scale in the form of pressure, extortion, inducement, or restrictions, and on a macro-scale – as wars, crises, terroristic acts, or revolutions. Violence is not only physical and psychological; it may also be personal, structural, hidden, explicit, emotional, and rational. What follows, it takes place in a wide array of spaces: in culture, sport, politics, the media, in the public space and at home. Therefore, the narrow definition of violence fails to include many of its aspects, and as such it is not practical. Using such a definition, we are left with extreme cases, so in fact we define pathologies. A serious difficulty in defining violence is connected with defining human rights in a unified way. These vary from culture to culture and have been evolving throughout history. Violation of these rights constitutes the essence of what is referred to as violent behaviour. Each society defines and attempts to prevent violence differently, and also in its own way indicates those who judge the perpetrators of prohibited acts.
Russians on the Polish Labour Market
Authors: Gomółka Krystyna Ewa
Published: December 2020

The article looks into the employment of Russian citizens in Poland in 2004–2018. It presents the legal basis for Russians’ entering Poland and taking up work without having to seek a work permit, and specifies who must apply for such a permit. Russian citizens can obtain refugee status under the Geneva Convention, which grants them the right to move freely, choose their place of residence and undertake paid employment, while guaranteeing social security. On the basis of the Act on granting protection to aliens, citizens of the Russian Federation may obtain subsidiary protection if their return to their country of origin may expose them to a real risk of serious harm. A tolerated stay is granted to aliens where an alien might be expelled to a country in which their life, freedom and personal security would be jeopardised, where they could be subjected to torture, degrading treatment, humiliation, forced to work or deprived of the right to a fair trial. Training and employment can be undertaken in Poland under the bilateral agreements between Poland and Russia: the Treaty on friendly and good-neighbourly cooperation and the Cooperation Agreement in the fields of science, culture and education. In Poland, the entry and stay of foreign nationals is governed by the Act on aliens, their education by the Higher Education Act, whereas the employment of foreigners is regulated by the Act on employment promotion and labour market institutions. The empirical basis of the study was provided by the analysis of data from the Polish Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy and the Demographic Yearbook. Russians constitute the third largest group (after Ukrainians and Belarusians) of the post-Soviet States’ citizens coming to Poland. The analysis conducted showed that employment in Poland was chiefly sought by the citizens of the Russian Federation who arrived in Poland for a limited period and for permanent residence. In 2004, the Russians represented 4.4% and in 2018 – 0,66% of all foreigners who received work permits in Poland. Before 2015 some Russian nationals took up work in Poland as the managers of their own companies. Since 2015, there has been an influx of workers from Russia in three occupational groups: IT specialists, skilled workers and workers in elementary occupations. Most of the Russians were employed in the wholesale and retail, information and communication, construction, transport and warehousing sectors, which were the same sectors where Polish entrepreneurs reported demand for Russian workers. The demand significantly exceeded the number of Russians employed.
Strategi Penghidupan Berkelanjutan Masyarakat Sekitar Amal Usaha Muhammadiyah Pada Masa Covid 19 Di Taliwang Sumbawa Barat
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim , Mintasrihardi Mintasrihardi , Mas’ad Mas’ad , Herianto Agus , Junaidi AM Junaidi AM , Kamaluddin Kamaluddin
Published: December 2020

berbagai strategi pemerintah, Lembaga/swasta dan masyarakat dalam mempertahankan kehidupan dimasa Covid-19. Strategi penghidupan masyarakat Desa Seloto sebagai pusat perkembangan Amal Usaha Muhammadiyah (AUM) di Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat. Memiliki strategi penghidupan masyarakat beragam di sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji strategi penghidupan berkelanjutan masyarakat sekitar Amal Usaha Muhammadiyah pada masa covid 19 di Taliwang Sumbawa Barat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa strategi pertama,  strategi intensifikasi, pada masa Covid-19 tertinggi terdapat di Dusun Brang Pandan dan Brang Bulu rata-rata mencapai 18,15 dan paling rendah di miliki pada Dusun Brang Late mencapai 37,47. Srategi Kedua, strategi diversifikasi, pada masa Covid-19 tertinggi terdapat di Dusun Lenang Late rata-rata mencapai 18,15 dan paling rendah di miliki pada Dusun Brang Bulu  mencapai 13,30. Dan Strategi ketiga, strategi migrasi pada masa Covid-19 sama-sama dari ketiga dusun tersebut rata-rata rendah mencapai 2. Berbagai strategi dilakukan dalam meningkatkan kehidupan masyarakat masa Covid-19, namun aksi nyata terutama meningkatkan kehidupan yang lebih baik masa dan pasca Covid-19. Kata Kunci: Strategi, Amal Usaha Muhammadiyah dan Covid-19
Tradisi Rebu Ngerana Pasca Perkawinan Pada Masyarakat Karo Sumatera Utara Perspektif ‘Urf
Authors: Azka. A. M A. Millati
Published: December 2020

Rebu ngerana is a tradition that limits communication between three parties, including male and female in-laws, female in-laws with son-in-law, and fellow in-laws of different sexes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the meaning of the reconstructed tradition and its relationship with Islamic law. The method used is juridical empirical with the 'urf approach. The results of this study can be understood that the Karo people understand the tradition of rebu ngerana as an ancestral tradition that should be preserved because it has its own value in household life. However, in its current implementation, the Karo community in Ujung Teran village only imposes a tradition on their brother in-law to remind people to be aware of social principles in the way of life in a relationship. Meanwhile, in the view of ‘urf, the rebu ngerana tradition is included in the category of ‘urf sahih. So that it can be understood that this tradition has a relationship with the essence of marriage, namely maintaining self and family.
Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus of Hypothalamus: A Possible Target for Deep Brain Stimulation for Treating Sexual Dysfunction
Authors:   Neuromodulation and Pain Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, Ghaffarpasand Fariborz , Taghipour Mousa ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Published: December 2020

Sexual function and orientation is a complex platform of human personality which is being modulated by several brain circuities which is less understood currently. Recently, several studies have demonstrated interesting results regarding the role of several brain locations in sexual behaviors and orientation. Sexual arousal in homosexual men is associated with activation of the left angular gyrus, left caudate nucleus, Ventrolateral Preoptic (VLPO) Nucleus of Hypothalamus and right pallidum; while it is associated with bilateral lingual gyrus, right hippocampus, and right parahippocampal gyrus in heterosexual men. We postulate that sexual-orientation behaviors are being mediated by several circuits in the brain in the center of which the VLPO is playing an indistinguishable role. We hypothesize that the different aspects of the sexual dysfunction could be associated with innate or acquired lesions of VLPO. Accordingly, the electrical stimulation of the nucleus in those with sexual dysfunction would be a treatment option. Thus the VLPO could be considered a target for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in individuals with impaired sexual function.
The Role of Dietitian in Improving Energy and Protein Intake in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Admitted to the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit
Authors:   Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, US And Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Ramezani Kapourchali Fatemeh , Malekshahi Moghadam Ali ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Dehnadi Moghadam Anoush ,   Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Yousefzadeh-Chabok Shahrokh ,   Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran And Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Toorang Fatemeh ,   Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Javanbakht Mohammad Hassan ,   Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Ramezani Sara ,   Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Introduction:Early and sufficient nutritional support is vital to improve outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury. This study aims to determine the effects of dietitian involvementin the nutritional and clinical outcomes inpatients with traumatic brain injuries admitted tothe neurosurgical ICU. Materials &Methods: Forty-eight male patients with traumatic brain injuries admitted to Poursina Hospital neurosurgical ICU were studied, retrospectively. Patients were divided to either receive dietitian intervention or without any nutritional recommendation(control). Demographic information, Glasgow Coma Scale and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, the timing of initial enteral feeding, the amount of energy and protein intakeon day 4, the duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay were recorded. Results:Patients under the dietitian recommendation had significantly lower timing of initial enteral nutrition compared to the other cases (P=0.02). The average energy or protein intake and the percentage of target energy or protein intake on day4 appeared to be significantly lower in the subjects in the control group than in those with nutritional intervention(P≤0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of staybetween different groups of patients. Conclusions:Instead of occasional consultations for exclusive cases, the daily attendance of dietitians during multidisciplinary rounds of ICU is required to assess the nutritional needs of patients.
Tandem Spinal Stenosis at the Brazzaville Academic Hospital
Authors:   Marien Ngouabi University and Brazzaville Academic Hospital, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo, Leon Boukassa , Olivier Brice Ngackosso ,   Brazzaville Academic Hospital, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo, Sinclair Brice Kinata Bambino ,   Brazzaville Academic Hospital, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo, Hugues Brieux Ekouele Mbaki ,   Marien Ngouabi University and Brazzaville Academic Hospital, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
Published: December 2020

Background and Aim: Tandem Spinal Stenosis (TSS) can be defined as simultaneous stenosis of two distinct spinal (cervical, thoracic and lumbar) areas. Characterized by an association of the spinal, radicular and medullary signs of the limbs, the planning of his surgery remains controversial. We reported the one that was set up on the cases observed at the Brazzaville Academic Hospital.  Methods and Materials/Patients: A retrospective study of 16 patients operated for TSS, from June 2009 to May 2019, was conducted. We analyzed the demographic, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary data of these patients. Results: For ten years, a total of 16 patients (9 men and 7 women) with SST have been received. The average age was 57 years (ranged 41-72 years). The signs evolved for 17.6 months (13 and 30 months). These were lombo-sciatalgias in 15 cases, signs of medullary compression: cervical in 14 cases and thoracic in 2 cases. Medical imaging had objective 13 cervico-lumbar associations, two thoraco-lumbar associations and one cervico-thoracic. The surgery was performed in one stage in two cases and two stages in 14 cases. These were laminectomies for lumbar and thoracic disorders, discectomy or somatotomy in the cervical segment. The order of surgical management was cervico-thoraco-lumbar (cranio- caudal order). Signs improved in 13 patients and stabilized in 3 patients. Conclusion: TSS is not uncommon. It should be researched in a patient with bifocal spinal and radiculo-medullary signs. Their early surgical treatment, in one or two stages, yields satisfactory results.
A Prospective Study on the Role of Neurophysiological Studies in Predicting Functional Outcome After Lumbar Discectomy
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Mahatama Gandhi Medical College, Jaipur, India, Lal Sankhla Shanti , Dahuja Anshul ,   Department of Orthopedics, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, India, Kaur Rashmeet ,   Department of Radiodiagnosis, Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, India, Singh Jagdeep ,   Department of Orthopedics, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, India, Rai Ankit ,   Departement of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India
Published: December 2020

Background and Aim: Lumbar intervertebral discs are complex anatomical structures essential for the mobility of intervertebral joints. There is general consensus for some indications for surgery, including acute or progressive neurological deficit(s), cauda equine syndrome, or refractory pain unresponsive to conservative treatments. However, controversy exists regarding the optimal management of cases with the disparity between radiological and clinical findings, which includes a great proportion of patients. This study examines whether neurophysiological studies can be used to identify subgroups with improved post-operative outcomes. Methods and Materials/Patients: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 60 patients with clinical and imaging evidence in favor of Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH). The pre-operative radiological assessment was the lateral X-rays in flexion and extension positions, and lumbar spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Pre-operative clinical assessment was done by the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Neurophysiological studies were done at least one month after the onset of radiculopathy. Surgery was performed at the level suggested by neuroimaging. In all patients, we found an abnormal disc, which was removed along with any loose disc material. The patients were followed up for 1 year with intervals of 3  months for post-operative assessments. Results: In the two study arms with abnormal or normal pre-operative electrodiagnostic studies, a significant decrease was observed in the percentages of visual analog scale reduction (73.69% and 95.59%, respectively) and Oswestry disability score (65.3% and 76.2%, respectively) at the month 12 post-operative (P=0.993 to 0.002 and P=0.200 to 0.037, respectively). Conclusion: Neurophysiological studies could be regarded as helpful adjuncts to distinguish a subgroup of patients with LDH, who may experience a favorable outcome after surgical intervention.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Neurological Presentations: Body of Evidence
Authors:   Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Vahedi Payman
Published: December 2020

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Post-operative Morbidity and Mortality of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis at one Teaching Hospital in North-eastern Benin.
Authors:   Department of Neurosurgery, Medicine School of Parakou University, Borgou, Benin, Africa, Olatoundji Fatigba Holden , Hode Luphin ,   Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Medicine School of Abomey-Calavi University, Benin, Africa, Quenum Kisito ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Medicine School of Parakou University, Borgou, Benin, Africa, Alihonou Thierry ,   Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Medicine School of Abomey-Calavi University, Benin, Africa, Savi de Tove Kofi-Mensa ,   Department of Radiodiagnosis and Medical Imaging, Medicine School of Parakou University, Borgou, Benin, Africa
Published: December 2020

Background and Aim: Surgical management of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS) is a common practice. This study aimed to report the morbidities and mortalities observed during surgical treatment of LSS and the outcome of these patients after management over an 8-year study period. Methods and Materials/Patients: It was a retrospective, descriptive, and transversal study performed at the Departmental Teaching Hospital of Borgou in the Republic of Benin (West Africa) from January 2010 to December 2018. This study included the patients who underwent surgical management for LSS. Type of complication, its management, and the patient’s outcomes was registered. Results: During the study period and based on the selection criteria, 239 patients were selected. These patients were divided into 135 men (56.5%) and 104 women (43.5%). The mean age of the patients was 52.3±10.9 years. Laminectomy was performed on one, two, and three lumbar spinal segments in 17.6%, 55.6% and 26.8% of cases, respectively. Laminectomy was associated with discectomy in 6.3% of the cases. No arthrodesis with spinal fixation was performed. Ninety percent of patients had no post-operative complications. Functional post-operative results were considered excellent, good, acceptable and poor in 32.1%, 52.1%, 10.9% and 4.9% of cases, respectively. Five types of complications were observed in 22 patients (9.2%). A reoperation was performed in 1.6% of cases. These different complications included dural tear (4.6%), wound infection (3.3%), stroke (0.8%), cauda equina syndrome (0.4%) and pseudomeningocele (0.4%). The mortality rate was 0.8% (n=2). Conclusion: Lumbar canal stenosis surgery is not without complications. Careful selection of patients, consideration of risk factors, and selection of an appropriate surgical strategy can reduce or avoid these complications.
Stages of technological improvement of the process of continuous casting of iron-carbon and copper billets
Authors: Khoroshylov Oleg , Kuryliak Valentyna , Podoliak Oleg
Published: December 2020

In the article there are presented the stages of improvement of the process of continuous casting. It is revealed, that at the each stage of technological improvement of the process of continuous casting, the damage parameters of billets were reduced. Improvement of the process of continuous casting leads to the improvement of the mechanical properties of the billets and the performance of continuous casting machines. The first stage is shown as the process of transition of the number of experimental developments into quality, during which the casting of billets passed from an unstable process to a stable one. The second stage is characterized by the creation of new improved continuous casting processes. So, besides the existing machines of the vertical type, radial, curvilinear and horizontal casting machines were invented. By the end of the twentieth century, this technological process reached the limit of the possibilities for increasing the quality of performs, and the productivity of continuous casting machines. It is shown that the third stage is intended for continuous casting of copper alloys and is based on the influence of the frequency of the movement of the billets and the reverse movement of the perform during overcoming the static friction force. It was determined that for the frequency of movement of billets made of copper alloys, which are in the range of 2.5...7.5 min-1, the direction of its movement during overcoming the static friction affects the mechanical properties of the billet. The fourth stage - causes an increase in the mechanical properties of the billet due to the use of inertia forces in the alternating movement of the billet. It was revealed that at the fourth stage the mechanical properties of the billets increased most effectively, and the linear performance increased from 0.4...0.8 to 2.5...4.0 m/min, and in some cases to 5.0...7.0 m/min.
Formation of the architecture of Ukraine based on longstanding measurement standards
Authors: Khramova-Baranova Olena
Published: December 2020

The article, on the basis of a fundamental study of literature and its thorough analysis, highlights the importance of measurements in the cultural aspect of the development of the country and types of art. The analysis of literary sources is carried out, which confirms the influence of the formation of measurement standards on the development of the main types of art. The relevance of the topic is to show the connection between the development of technical thought and the formation of art forms, which has become one of the foundations of the general development of the culture of the state. I. Babenko, M. Bieliaiev, D. Mendelieiev, E. Kamentseva, B. Rybakov and others made a great contribution to the formation and development of measurement standards that influenced the cultural development of the state. In their fundamental works one can find information on the influence of measurement on formation and development of architecture, arts and crafts. But these materials do not give a complete picture of the conceptual significance of the influence of technical thought on art and the cultural development of the state. The purpose of the article is to show the influence of the technical thought development, namely the metrological foundations, on the development of the arts. The centuries-old history of metrology is useful for the development of society, although its origin and development are covered only in scattered sources. One of the fundamental studies of the origin of measures was the works of I. Babenko “Metrology”, M. Bieliaiev “On ancient and modern Russian measures of extension and weight”, and B. Rybakov in his writings presented fathoms as geometric lines of the calculation table of architects (Babylon). The history of measurements is highlighted in the literature and is mainly devoted to the processes on the formation of metrological concepts among the Skifiia, Sarmatiia, the Zarubinets and Cherniakhiv cultures, the Northern Prychornomoria, of Kyivska Rus, Moskoviia and other. Neither in the ancient world, nor in the Middle Ages there was a metrological service, but there is information about the implementation of standards and storage of measures, as well as about the verification of measuring instruments. Accurate measurements and calculations allowed the architect to achieve harmony in the creation of architectural monuments.
Life and activity of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
Authors: Seyidbeyli Maryam
Published: December 2020

At the beginning of the VII century in the political life of the Near and Middle East, fundamental changes have taken place. The Arabs conquered a colossal territory, which included the lands of Iran, North Africa, North-West India, the Asian provinces of Byzantium, most of the former Roman Empire. In the conquered cities of the caliphate, observatories, madaris, libraries were built. At the end of VII century, the first scientific center, an academy, the House of Wisdom, was founded in Baghdad, in which scholars who spoke different languages were assembled. Here the translation and commentary activity were very developed, the main works of ancient thought, such as the writings of Aristotle, Ptolemy were published in the 9th century in the Arabic-speaking world. For two centuries from 750 to 950 years, the works of ancient authors on philosophy, mathematics, medicine, alchemy, and astronomy were translated into Arabic, which indicates the high scientific potential of that time in the East. At the same time, in the XII century, Ibn Rushd composed 38 commentaries on the works of Aristotle, the “Republic” of Plato, the treatise “On the Mind” of Alexander of Aphrodisias, which subsequently had an important influence on the work of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. Thus, this period in the history of Eastern scientific thought is marked by high intellectual potential. To this day, historians of medieval Arabic literature face a sufficient number of difficulties, since the vast majority of manuscripts remain inaccessible to them. The works of many renowned Arab authors of the middle Ages are more than 1000 years old, so it seems obvious that the manuscripts of the vast majority of authors have not survived to this day. The researchers of the history of Azerbaijan and neighboring countries in the middle Ages, with all the variety of available sources on which they rely, still attract little factual material related to the Arabic-language works of the historical and scientific genre. Undoubtedly, a comprehensive study of the entire complex of information of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi on the history of science in Azerbaijan is of great importance.
Anzahl der bestätigten Fälle von Syphilis bei Schwangeren in Brasilien zwischen 2009 und 2013
Authors: Barros Yara Lorrane Souza de , Fecury Amanda Alves , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dendasck Carla Viana , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça de , Souza Keulle Oliveira da , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: December 2020

Syphilis ist eine bakterielle Erkrankung, die von Schwangeren mit Syphilis auf den Fötus übertragen wird. Die Diagnose Syphilis bei Schwangeren wird durch die VDRL-Untersuchung bestätigt. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Anzahl der bestätigten Fälle von Syphilis bei Schwangeren in Brasilien als Jahr der Diagnose, Altersgruppe, Regionen Brasiliens, Wohngebiet, Art der Prüfung, Klassifizierung und Evolution zwischen 2009 und 2013 zu zeigen. Sekundärdaten wurden von der Edv-Abteilung von SUS – DATASUS (http://datasus.saude.gov.br) verwendet. Die größere Anzahl von Tests ermöglicht eine bessere Behandlung und Verringerung der Anzahl der Fälle. Das Fehlen einer vorbeugenden Betreuung während der sexuellen Beziehung führt jedoch zu einer Zunahme der Fälle, insbesondere bei Frauen im reproduktiven Alter. Gebiete mit einer größeren Bevölkerung weisen eine höhere Zahl von Fällen auf. Die hohe Variation der Partner in diesen Bereichen führt zu einer erhöhten Kontamination. Die Art des Tests beeinflusst die Zahlen. Weniger spezifische, allgemeinere Tests finden spezifische und unspezifische Antikörper für das Bakterium. Dadurch können die tatsächlichen Zahlen geändert werden. Die weibliche Gesundheitsversorgung macht sowohl die Diagnose früh, erleichtert die Behandlung. Syphilis ist nicht direkt verantwortlich für die höhere Sterblichkeit bei Schwangeren.
Número de casos confirmados de sífilis en mujeres embarazadas en Brasil entre 2009 y 2013
Authors: Barros Yara Lorrane Souza de , Fecury Amanda Alves , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dendasck Carla Viana , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça de , Souza Keulle Oliveira da , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: December 2020

La sífilis es una enfermedad bacteriana transmitida sexualmente de mujeres embarazadas con sífilis al feto. El diagnóstico de sífilis en mujeres embarazadas se confirma mediante el examen VDRL. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar el número de casos confirmados de sífilis en mujeres embarazadas en Brasil, como un año de diagnóstico, grupo de edad, regiones de Brasil, zona residencial, tipo de prueba, clasificación y evolución entre 2009 y 2013. Se utilizaron datos secundarios del departamento informático de SUS – DATASUS (http://datasus.saude.gov.br). El mayor número de pruebas permite un mejor tratamiento y reducción en el número de casos. Sin embargo, la ausencia de atención preventiva durante las relaciones sexuales induce un aumento en los casos, especialmente entre las mujeres en edad reproductiva. Las áreas con una población mayor tienen un mayor número de casos. La alta variación de los socios en estas áreas impulsa una mayor contaminación. El tipo de prueba influye en los números. Las pruebas menos específicas y más generales encuentran anticuerpos específicos e inespecíficos para la bacteria. Esto puede cambiar los números reales. La atención de salud femenina hace que tanto el diagnóstico sea temprano, facilitando el tratamiento. La sífilis no es directamente responsable del mayor número de mortalidad en mujeres embarazadas.