bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generation of precise point mutation mice by footprintless genome modification
Authors: Morioka Yuka , Fujihara Yoshitaka , Okabe Masaru
Published: November 2013

Point mutation mice are a key tool in the study of biological functions of genomic DNA sequences and the creation of human disease models. These mice are produced by homologous recombination combined with site‐specific recombinase, which allows removal of drug selection cassettes. However, the methods currently available leave ectopic sequences in the “inactive” intron region of the targeted genome in addition to the desired mutation. Since recent research suggests that the intron region may actually have some functionality, these sequences could potentially interfere with neighboring gene expression and, as a result, affect the mouse phenotype. To completely avoid this issue, we used the PiggyBac transposon to remove selection cassettes and achieve precise genome modification without leaving behind a footprint. This PiggyBac system allowed us to successfully generate mice carrying an artificially introduced Wv point mutation in the Kit gene, and these mice were confirmed to have phenotypes identical to spontaneous Wv mutation mice. Generation of Wv‐mutation corrected mice was also possible, and phenotypes were completely restored. Our footprintless genome modification technology can generate precise point mutation mice with only the desired mutation, and they reflect an accurate phenotype that makes these mice a reliable and “worry‐free” research resource. 52:68–77, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parents of Children with Dyslexia: Cognitive, Emotional and Behavioural Profile
Authors: Bonifacci Paola , Montuschi Martina , Lami Laura , Snowling Margaret J.
Published: November 2013

Within a dimensional view of reading disorders, it is important to understand the role of environmental factors in determining individual differences in literacy outcome. In the present study, we compared a group of 40 parents of children with dyslexia (PDys) with a group of 40 parents of typically developing children. The two parent groups did not differ in socioeconomic status or nonverbal IQ. Participants were assessed on cognitive (IQ, digit span) and literacy (reading fluency and accuracy) tasks, phonological awareness and verbal fluency measures. Questionnaires addressed reading history, parental distress, family functioning, anxiety and depression. The PDys group performed worse in all literacy measures and more frequently reported a history of poor reading; they also showed more parental distress. There were no differences between the two groups in depression or family functioning and no differences between mothers and fathers. Findings indicate that PDys show a cognitive profile consistent with the broader phenotype of dyslexia (i.e. reading impairment and poor phonological awareness), whereas, considering the emotional profile, the impact of dyslexia on the family system is limited to parental distress associated with the perception of having a child with specific needs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Parents of children with dyslexia may themselves have reading problems and hence difficulty in supporting their children's school work.

Practitioners may consider reading history (as measured by the Adult Reading History Questionnaire) as a first screening tool to identify possible reading difficulties in parents.

Practitioners should help parents of children with dyslexia to manage their emotional reactions to having a child with difficulties.

Family functioning does not differ within families with and without dyslexia.

Being the parent of a child with dyslexia is not a significant risk factor for a mental health disorder (e.g. anxiety/depression).
Reducing the uncertainty of wildlife population abundance: model‐based versus design‐based estimates
Authors: Bellier Edwige , Monestiez Pascal , Certain Grégoire , Chadœuf Joel , Bretagnolle Vincent
Published: November 2013

Knowledge of population sizes in delimited spatial regions is crucial for most ecological research. Data from population surveys are collected with strip, line, or point transects sampling. These data are positively skewed and spatially autocorrelated, which makes estimation of uncertainty in the population size difficult. Thus, we propose a novel spatial‐based estimator from a hierarchical spatial model for count data where the inhomogeneous animal density is decomposed into a deterministic trend related to potential habitat and a stationary latent field modeled by geostatistics. An empirical estimate of the latent variable is obtained including corrective terms for non‐stationarity and variance resulting from a Poisson distribution of sightings. A novel block kriging estimator that takes into account both non‐stationarity and the nature of count data is derived to obtain a spatial estimate of animal total abundance and variance of errors of prediction. From spatial simulated count data and real count data of common guillemot wintering in the Bay of Biscay (France), we compare mean population size and variance estimates obtained from our model‐based approach to the design‐based estimator (i.e., block bootstrap). The novel Poisson block kriging estimates greatly reduces uncertainty of population size estimates while block bootstrap provides larger uncertainties. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inorganic and Bio‐inorganic Chemistry in Vesicles
Authors: Mann Stephen , Skarnulis Jerome , Williams Robert J. P.
Published: November 2013

Many bio‐inorganic reactions, especially of magnesium and calcium, take place in small vesicles. Chemistry in such small volumes has not been studied. Here we start an exploration of reactions in vesicles in order to understand the biological mechanism for the production of solids‐Such as bone. At the same time this study has generated new observations about inorganic reactions in small spaces. The products of reaction can be designed to provide new probes in electron microscopy and NMR spectroscopy or to carry drugs to locations.
Electronic Spectroscopic Studies of Ni(II)‐Substituted Blue Copper Proteins
Authors: Lum Vanessa , Gray Harry B.
Published: November 2013

The nickel(II) derivative of Rhus vernicifera stellacyanin has been prepared. The near‐infrared, visible, and near‐ultraviolet absorption spectra of the nickel(II) derivatives of stellacyanin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin are reported. Charge transfer bands in the visible and near‐ultraviolet regions are assigned as follows: nickel(II)‐stellacyanin, 335 nm (29,900 cnr−1) (πN(his)→Ni(II)), 410 nm (24,400 cm−1) (σS(cys) → Ni(II)), and 470 nm (21,300 cm−1)(πS(cys)→ Ni(II)); nickel(II)‐azurin, 355 nm (28,200 cm−1) (πN(his)→Ni(II)), 440 nm (22,700 cm−1) (σS(cys)→ Ni(II)), and 500 nm (20,000 cm−1) (πS(cys)→ Ni(II)). Relatively weak bands at 550 (18,200) and 590 nm (16,900 cm−1) (Ni(II)St) and 540 (18,500) and 565 nm (17,700 cm−1) (Ni(II)Az) are attributed to d–d excitations. No evidence for lower energy d‐d bands has been found for either Ni(II)–protein. The data now in hand raise the possibility that the Ni(II) site structure differs from the flattened tetrahedral geometry exhibited by Cu(II) in these proteins.
Selective Removal of the Type 2 Cu from Blue Oxidases. Properties and Functional Role of the Copper Centres
Authors: Morpurgo Laura , Graziani Maria Teresa , Avigliano Luciana , Desideri Alessandro , Mondovi Bruno
Published: November 2013

A brief review is given of the available methods for removing the Type 2 Cu from blue oxidases and of the properties of the modified enzymes. The Type 2 Cu appears to be essential to the catalytic activity of the enzymes and to participate, at least in tree laccase, both in the reductive and oxidative processes. The Type 2 Cu is also involved in water exchange with bulk solution and in the binding of anions and of H2O2. It is connected with the other copper types, as its removal considerably affects their redox potential and the intensity of the 330 nm charge transfer band associated with a two‐electron acceptor.
Natural Bond Orbital Analysis of Internal Rotation Barriers and Related Phenomena
Authors: Reed Alan E. , Weinhold Frank
Published: November 2013

The origin of barriers to internal rotation in ethane‐like molecules has been investigated with ab initio molecular orbital theory and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The “hyperconjugative” (vicinal σ → σ*, n → σ*) nature of these interactions, as previously suggested on the basis of semiempirical INDO studies, is confirmed at higher 4–31G, 6–31G* levels of theory. Wave functions lacking such hyperconjugative interactions, but satisfying the Pauli principle, are shown to generally exhibit unphysical barrier behavior (i.e., wrongsign), contrary to the implication of the “Pauli‐repulsions” model of Sovers et al. Eachtransvicinal σ → σ* interaction is found to contribute about 0.7 kcal/mol to stabilization of the staggered conformer. Geminal interactions and Rydberg orbital contributions are found to be relatively unimportant. The consistency of NBO analysis is exhibited for the methyl series CH3‐X (X = CH3, NH2, OH, F) and the family of fluoromethanes, to demonstrate the essential continuity that relates internal rotation barrier forces to static and kinetic anomeric effects,gaucheeffects, anionic hyperconjugation, bond strengthening in polyhalogenated methanes, (e, 2e) spectroscopic evidence of lone pair delocalization, and other stereoelectronic phenomena.
Single‐Reference Coupled‐Cluster Calculations of the Triplet Ground‐State O2 Dissociation Potential
Authors: Cole Samuel J. , Hasan Muhammad , Kirtman Bernard
Published: November 2013

Three single‐reference coupled‐cluster single and double (CCSD) substitution models, CCSD + T(CCSD), CCSDT‐1, and CCSD(T), exact through the fourth order of perturbation theory, are tested on the triplet ground‐state dissociation potential of O2. For the unrestricted Hartree‐Fock (UHF) initial approximation, the interatomic distance region R ˜ 2.4–2.7 a.u. is problematic due to large multireference character, and beyond R ˜ 3.0 a.u. spin contamination causes difficulties. To a large extent these deficiencies are cured by the coupled‐cluster treatments. Fourth‐order triples as well as higher‐order singles and doubles play a significant role. A more flexible basis set than DZP is important, too. None of the methods tried reproduce the experimental potential curve to the desired accuracy (2 kcal/mol). However, in a 6–311 + + G(2df, 2p) basis, the CCSD(T) model does give spectroscopic constants that are correct within 0.2 eV for the dissociation energy De, 70 cm−1 for the harmonic vibrational frequency ve, and 0.5 cm−1 for the first anharmonicity constant veXe. This model also reproduces the potential throughout the dissociative region to better than 0.2 eV. Overall CCSD + T(CCSD) is considerably less satisfactory than CCSD(T); CCSDT‐1 is similar to CCSD(T) in a DZP basis, but large basis calculations proved to be too time consuming.
Electronic Structure and Properties of the O2+2, SO2+ and S2+2 Diatomic Dications
Authors: Basch Harold , Hoz Shmaryahu , Goldberg Moshe , Gamss Leonard
Published: November 2013

Multiply charged ions show novel energetic features which can potentially have useful photophysical properties. In order to investigate these interesting type systems, energy interaction curves for the ground and excited electronic states of O2+2, SO2+, and S2+2 have been generated by the ab initio complete active space multiconfiguration self‐consistent field (CAS‐MCSCF) method. The calculations were carried out in a triple‐zeta sp plus double‐zeta d Gaussian function basis set using compact effective potentials to replace the core electrons. In order to gauge the accuracy of the results, analogous calculations were carried out on the valence isoelectronic N2 and NO+ systems for which experimental information is available for comparison of geometric and spectroscopic properties. Diverse high energy spectroscopy experiments on O2+2 are interpreted and reconciled using the calculated ground and excited state energy interaction curves. Special attention is paid to the 3Σ+u state, whose location and character have been particularly puzzling. Almost all the dication molecular states studied show the characteristic avoided crossing of diabatic states which gives a trapped equilibrium structure and a barrier to dissociation. These features make the dication kinetically stable, but thermodynamically unstable with an exothermic dissociation energy. The spectroscopy experiments on O2+2 show that these states are experimentally attainable.
The Wave Function of a van der Waals Resonance
Authors: Lefebvre Roland
Published: November 2013

The wave function of the resonant state describing rotational predissociation in a standard model of the HeH2 van der Waals complex is calculated. This wave function offers an opportunity to use for the resonance width a formula given by Humblet and Rosenfeld
On Complete Orthonormal Sets of Coherent and of Squeezed States
Authors: YA. Baranov Leonid , Levine Raphael D.
Published: November 2013

A complete set of harmonic oscillator orthogonal coherent states is discussed. The properties of the states are studied, in particular towards applications as a basis for nonstationary problems. To make such a basis even more flexible, an orthonormal set of squeezed states is introduced. These states share most of the properties that make the familiar coherent states useful in applications. They are also extremal states of the uncertainty product. Their particular advantage, beyond the obvious one of orthogonality, is in applications to the dynamics of excited states.
Brush‐First Synthesis of Core‐Photodegradable Miktoarm Star Polymers via ROMP: Towards Photoresponsive Self‐Assemblies
Authors: Burts Alan O. , Gao Angela X. , Johnson Jeremiah A.
Published: November 2013

This report describes the synthesis of miktoarm brush‐arm star polymers (BASPs) from branched and linear norbornene‐terminated macromonomers (MMs) via the brush‐first ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) method. First, a polystyrene (PS)‐branch‐poly(lactic acid) (PLA) MM is synthesized via a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), tin(II)‐mediated ring opening polymerization, and copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reactions. Graft‐through ROMP of this MM followed by in situ cross‐linking with a photo‐cleavable bis‐norbornene derivative provided nanoscopic BASPs with photodegradable cores and a precise 1:1 PS:PLA arm composition. Three‐miktoarm BASPs are prepared in an analogous manner via copolymerization of the same PS‐branch‐PLA MM with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) MM prior to cross‐linking. Intramolecular phase segregation of these miktoarm BASPs is characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); a UV‐induced structural rearrangement from three‐faced Janus particles to micelles is observed.

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Die Entwicklung des Auslandsbergbaus am Beispiel von FAB‐Strategien
Authors: Wedig Martin
Published: November 2013

Gerade vor dem Hintergrund des Wegfalls großer deutscher Rohstoffunternehmen in den letzten zwei Dekaden stellt sich die Frage, wie sich der Auslandsbergbau zukünftig entwickeln wird. Das Thema ist wegen der Bedeutung der Rohstoffe für die Versorgung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland als Hochtechnologiestandort brandaktuell, denn bei wichtigen Rohstoffen ist Deutschland von Importen abhängig. Nach einem kurzen Einblick in die Historie des deutschen Auslandsbergbaus geht der Beitrag auf die aktuellen Tendenzen in der deutschen Rohstoffwirtschaft ein, die im Grunde den Anlass geben für einen verstärkten Auslandsbergbau. Anschließend werden die Strategien der Fachvereinigung Auslandsbergbau und internationale Rohstoffaktivitäten (FAB) zur Entwicklung des Auslandsbergbaus anhand ausgewählter Beispiele vorgestellt. Damit gibt der Beitrag einen aktuellen Überblick über die Rohstoffgewinnung deutscher Unternehmen im Ausland.

The development of international mining by German companies through the example of FAB strategies

Particularly considering the closure of major German raw materials companies in the last two decades, the question arises how mining outside Germany will develop in the future. The subject is very topical due to the significance of the supply of raw materials for the Federal Republic of Germany as a location of high‐tech industry, because Germany depends on imports of some important raw materials. After a short overview of the history of German mining abroad, the article discusses current trends in the German raw materials economy, which actually provides a justification for increased activity in mining outside Germany. Finally, the strategies of the specialist association for external mining and international raw materials activities (FAB) for the development of mining outside Germany are presented through selected examples. The article thus gives an up‐to‐date overview of raw materials extraction by Germany companies abroad.
Rethinking CCS – Moving Forward in Times of Uncertainty
Authors: Herzog Howard , Eide Jan
Published: November 2013

While in early 2009 strict climate policies were expected to be put in place, today the course of climate policy worldwide is certain. While there is no worldwide policy in place, the future of CCS should be considered. CCS is a technology that can help manage the concentration of CO2 and thus have an impact on the climate change. This paper describes the status quo and provides an outlook on possible future developments.
Herausforderungen in der Schachtlogistik im Berg‐ und Tunnelbau
Authors: Dalios Christos , Hilgenberg Tobias
Published: November 2013

Der Beitrag behandelt die logistische Herausforderung, große Mengen Baustoff unter Tage bereit zu stellen. In diesem Zusammenhang sollen die Notwendigkeiten und Problematiken erläutert werden, die zur Entwicklung der pneumatischen und hydraulischen Baustofffördertechnik im deutschen Steinkohlenbergbau geführt haben. Ferner sollen die verschiedenen Zwischenstufen der Entwicklung dargestellt werden. Es werden die Vor‐ und Nachteile der pneumatischen Trockenbaustoffförderung sowie die der hydraulischen Förderung erläutert. Die heute angewandten Techniken sind das Ergebnis einer mehr als 40‐jährigen Geschichte der Forschung und Entwicklung und vor allem der Notwendigkeiten im Bergbau. Die Verteilung des Baustoffs unter Tage erfolgt über ein Netzwerk von Rohrleitungen und Zwischenstationen. Die verschiedenen Strecken und Sohlen sind über Rohrweichen erreichbar. Die Steuerung und der Betrieb der übertägigen Anlage, der Zwischenstation sowie der Rohrweichen erfolgt im mannlosen Automatikbetrieb. Gesteuert und überwacht wird das gesamte Baustoffversorgungsnetz von dem in der Tagesanlage positionierten OPC‐Server. Die Weitergabe der Daten an nachgeschaltete Leitwarten oder die Anbindung an eine Fernwartung sind problemlos möglich und auch gängige Praxis.

Challenges in shaft logistics in mining and tunnelling

The article deals with the logistic challenge of supplying large quantities of construction materials underground. In this regard, the necessity and problems, which led to the development of introduction of pneumatic and hydraulic conveyance systems for construction materials in German coal mining, are described. Additionally, the various intermediate stages of development are described up to the techniques used today. The advantages and disadvantages of pneumatic conveyance of dry materials and hydraulic conveyance are described. The technology in use today is the result of a history of research and development over more than 40 years and above all the demands of the mining industry. The material is distributed below ground through a network of pipelines and intermediate stations. The various galleries and bottoms can be reached through pipe switches. The control and operation of the above‐ground system, the intermediate stations and the pipe switches is automatic and unmanned. The entire construction material supply network is controlled and monitored by the OPC server situated above ground. The data can easily be forwarded to downstream monitoring positions or connected for remote maintenance which is common practice today.
Synthesis of snowman‐like polymer‐silica asymmetric particles by combination of hydrolytic condensation process with γ‐ray radiation initiated seeded emulsion polymerization
Authors: Wang Feng‐Wei , Liu Hua‐Rong , Zhang Yang , Liu He‐Wen , Ge Xue‐Wu , Zhang Xing‐Yuan
Published: November 2013

We report on a facile route to synthesize snowman‐like asymmetric composite particles via γ‐ray initiated seeded emulsion polymerization after a hydrolytic condensation process on the surface of second monomer swollen poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene‐acrylic acid) seeds. Effects of the amounts and kinds of second monomer and inorganic precursor, different radiation polymerization conditions including dose rates and absorbed doses on the morphology of the obtained particles were investigated. The obtained asymmetric particles can serve as ideal solid surfactants to stabilize the water‐in‐oil emulsions, and soap‐free hierarchical materials were obtained by polymerization of monomers in water or oil phase. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 339–348
Structure of the hypothetical protein Ton 1535 from Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 reveals unique structural properties by a left‐handed helical turn in normal α‐solenoid protein
Authors: Jeong Jae‐Hee , Kim Yi‐Seul , Rojvirija Catleya , Jin Cha Hyung , Kim Yeon‐Gil , Chul Ha Sung
Published: November 2013

The crystal structure of Ton1535, a hypothetical protein from Thermococcus onnurineus NA1, was determined at 2.3 Å resolution. With two antiparallel α‐helices in a helix‐turn‐helix motif as a repeating unit, Ton1535 consists of right‐handed coiled N‐ and C‐terminal regions that are stacked together using helix bundles containing a left‐handed helical turn. One left‐handed helical turn in the right‐handed coiled structure produces two unique structural properties. One is the presence of separated concave grooves rather than one continuous concave groove, and the other is the contribution of α‐helices on the convex surfaces of the N‐terminal region to the extended surface of the concave groove of the C‐terminal region and vice versa. Proteins 2014; 82:1072–1078. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Odd‐hydrogen: An account on electronic structure, kinetics, and role of water in mediating reactions with atmospheric ozone. Just a catalyst or far beyond?
Authors: Varandas António J. C.
Published: November 2013

Odd‐hydrogen (any hydrogen‐oxygen radical containing but a single hydrogen atom) plays a key role in atmospheric chemistry, particularly in the chemistry of ozone. Notable is also the role played by water in atmospheric and environmental chemistry. Without attempting a broad coverage, the present survey focuses on the electronic structure and dynamics of odd‐hydrogen and related water‐mediated complexes with impact in atmospheric chemistry, with emphasis on systems studied at the author's laboratory. Review oriented, it contains some ab initio results for HO3 and insights on hydrogen bonding and the role of water in mediating HOx reactions with ozone that have not appeared elsewhere. While providing an account on the status of the title topical issues, it is hoped that it may encourage new research directions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Law, Finance and Investment: Does Legal Origin Matter in Africa?
Authors: Asongu Simplice A.
Published: November 2013

This paper assesses if legal origin explains domestic, foreign, private and public investments through financial intermediary channels of depth, efficiency, activity and size. The findings show that legal origin matters in the finance-investment nexus, though its ability to explain aggregate investment dynamics only through financial intermediary channels is limited in the cases of private and public investments.
Development Potential of Kappatagudda Hill Ranges in Gadag District, Karnataka
Authors: Sawkar R. H. , Hegde V. R.
Published: November 2013

Gadag district in Karnataka, being drought prone with vast stretches of dry land, holds substantial prospect for overall development in general and gold resources in particular. The Kappatagudda hill ranges in the district can be a target of economic and environmental development initiatives as it encompasses huge gold reserves that are partially exploited and physiographic features that could be used for impounding river water pumped during rainy season for use in the dry seasons and development of medicinal plant reserves besides wind power.. The proposal to declare the Kappatagudda hill ranges as wildlife sanctuary may not be in the public interest of more than 100,000 population whose mainstay is agriculture. The cause of public opposition and also the better prospects of the region have to be understood before declaring a large area as wildlife sanctuary that imposes restriction for the development opportunity at a later date. This article presents an overview of the natural resources potential and opportunities for harnessing the same.
Crustal Evolution and Tectonics of the Archean Bundelkhand Craton, Central India
Authors: Gokarn S. G. , Rao C. K. , Selvaraj C. , Gupta G. , Singh B. P.
Published: November 2013

Magnetotelluric studies over the Bundelkhand craton indicates a high resistivity sub-structure, typically observed in the Archean-Proterozoic regions. The geoelectric section shows a single high resistivity layer in the northern part of the craton, extending from surface to a depth of about 60 km and a three layered resistivity structure overlying a conductive bottom in its southern part. The geological studies reported earlier have delineated an EW trending zone of ultramafic rocks, called the Bundelkhand tectonic zone (BTZ), which marks the divide between the two electrical resistivity patterns. The geoelectric structure is broadly indicative of a northward dipping tectonic fabric in this region which conforms to the Himalayan subduction, to the immediate north of this craton. However this observation cannot explain the findings from geochemical, isotope analysis and geological studies, suggesting possible vertical block movements in the region, which are also indicated in the Bouguer gravity studies. The geoelectric structure beneath the Vindhyan group to the south shows low resistivities even up to 60 km, suggesting that the Bundelkhand craton which is characterized by high resistivity rocks, does not extend to the south beneath the Vindhyans, as was believed by the earlier researchers. A low resistivity body with an extremely high conductance of about 100,000 Siemens is delineated at the mid crustal depths beneath the exposed Bijawars south of Bundelkhand craton. The causative factors behind this low resistivity are not immediately apparent, but some possibilities are discussed here.
Occurrence of Paragonite in the Hydrothermal Wall Rock Alteration Zone of G. R. Halli Gold Deposit, Chitradurga Schist Belt, Western Dharwar Craton, Southern India
Authors: Gupta Susmita , Fareeduddin
Published: November 2013

Paragonite (NaAl2Si3AlO10(OH)2), a dioctahedral sodium mica, occurs as a minor phase in the wall rock alteration assemblage of the Guddadarangavanahalli (G. R. Halli) gold deposit of Western Dharwar Craton, Karnataka. It occurs as colourless to pale yellowish grains and scaly aggregates in chlorite, ankerite and quartz rich matrix of the altered metabasalt. Its presence is noticed in the distal to near proximal wall rock alteration zone, mainly in the southern part of the G. R. Halli gold deposit. Presence of paragonite is identified by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (EPMA) studies. The Na2O content of the paragonite varies between 5.96 wt% and 7.8 wt% whereas K2O ranges from 0.44 - 2.68 wt%. Al2O3 is measured between 37.73 wt% and 39.72 wt% whereas SiO2 varies from 45.06 - 47.19 wt%. The relative proportion of Na and K in paragonite varies between Na96K4 and Na77K23. The occurrence of paragonite in the wall rock alteration halo of the G. R. Halli gold deposit is proposed as a result of hydrolysis of metamorphosed plagioclase feldspars during the interaction of the hydrothermal fluids and the wall rock.
Fluid Inclusion Study of the Higher Himalayan Quartzitic Pelites, Garhwal Himalaya, India: Implications for Recrystallization History of Metasediments
Authors: Sachan Himanshu K. , Saxena Anubhooti , Verma Preeti , Rai Santosh K. , Kharya Aditya
Published: November 2013

Quartzitic pelites forms a part of Higher Himalayan Crystalline of higher geotectonic zone in Garhwal Himalaya. Quartzitic pelites (locally known as Pandukeshwar Quartzite) in Garhwal Himalaya is sandwiched between high grade metamorphic rocks of Central Crystallines and Badrinath Formation. Fluid inclusion studies are carried out on the detrital, and recrystallized quartz grains of quartzitic pelites to know about the fluid phases present during recrystallization processes at the time of maximum depth of burial. The quartzitic pelite (Pandukeshwar Quartzite) essentially consists of recrystallised quartz with accessory minerals like mica and feldspar. Fluid microthermometry study reveals the presence of three types of fluids: (i) high-salinity brine, (ii) CO2- H2O and (iii) H2O-NaCl. These fluids were trapped during the development of grain and recrystallization processes. The high saline brine inclusions and CO2- H2O fluid with the density of 0.90 to 0.97 gm/cm3 are remnants of provenance area. CO2 density in detrital quartz grains characterise the protolith of the sandstone as granite or metamorphic rock. The H2O–NaCl fluids involved in the recrystallization processes at temperature-pressure of 430-350°C; 4.8 to 0.5 Kbars as constrained by fluid isochores of CO2- H2O and H2O–NaCl inclusions and bulging and sub- grain development during recrystallization processes. The re-equilibration of the primary fluid due to elevated internal and confining pressure is evident from features like ‘C’ shaped cavities, stretching of the inclusions, their migration and decrepitation clusters. The observed inclusion morphology revealed that the rocks were exhumed along an isothermal decompression path.
Drainage Morphometry of Upper Vaigai River Sub-basin, Western Ghats, South India Using Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Prabu P. , Baskaran R.
Published: November 2013

The study area is a one of the sub-basin of Vaigai River basin in the Theni and Madurai districts, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu. The Vaigai sub-basin extends approximately over 849 km2 and it has been sub-divided into 48 watersheds. It lies between 09°30'00" and 10°00'00"N latitudes and 77°15'10" and 77°45'00" E longitudes in the western part of Tamil Nadu, India. It originates at an altitude of 1661m in the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu in Theni district. The drainage pattern of these watersheds are delineated using geo-coded Indian remote sensing satellite (IRS) ID, linear image self-scanning (LISS) III of geo-coded false colour composites (FCC), generated from the bands 2, 3 and 4 on 1:50,000 scale in the present study. The Survey of India (SOI) toposheets 58G/5, 58 G/6, 58G/9 and 58G/10 on a scale of 1:50,000 scale was used as a base for the delineation of watershed. In the present study, the satellite remote sensing data has been used for updation of drainages and the updated drainages have been used for morphometric analysis. The morphometric parameters were divided in three categories: basic parameters, derived parameters and shape parameters. The data in the first category includes area, perimeter, basin length, stream order, stream length, maximum and minimum heights and slope. Those of the second category are bifurcation ratio, stream length ratio, RHO coefficient, stream frequency, drainage density, and drainage texture, constant of channel maintenance, basin relief and relief ratio. The shape parameters are elongation ratio, circularity index and form factor. The morphometric parameters are computed using ESRI’s ArcGIS package.

Drainage density ranges from 1.10 to 4.88 km/km2 suggesting very coarse to fine drainage texture. Drainage frequency varies from 1.45 to 14.70 which is low to very high. The bifurcation ratio ranges from 0.55 to 4.37. The low values of bifurcation ratios and very low values of drainage densities indicate that the drainage has not been affected by structural disturbances and also that the area is covered under dense vegetation cover. Elongation ratio ranges from 0.11 to 0.57. Drainage texture has the minimum of 1.63 and maximum of 11.44 suggesting that the drainage texture is coarse to fine. It is concluded that remote sensing and GIS have been proved to be efficient tools in drainage delineation and updation. In the present study these updated drainages have been used for the morphometric analysis.
Variational Safety Factors and Slip Surfaces of Slope Using Three-dimensional Strength Reduction Analysis
Authors: Lin Hang , Zhong Wenwen , Cao Ping , Liu Taoying
Published: November 2013

This paper describes the effect of boundary conditions combined with geometric and strength parameters on slope stability, including safety factor and slip surface, using numerical strength reduction analysis. The different boundary conditions are discussed, which include the fully restrained boundary, half-restrained boundary, and free boundary on the safety factor of slope. The effects of geometric and strength parameters on the safety factor of slope are then examined. Discrepancies between the slip surface shape and the escaping points are also presented to assess slope stability.
Gravity Anomaly Modeling of Sedimentary Basins by Means of Multiple Structures and Exponential Density Contrast-depth Variations: A Space Domain Approach
Authors: Chakravarthi V. , Ramamma B. , Reddy T. Venkat
Published: November 2013

An automatic modeling scheme is developed in the space domain to interpret the gravity anomalies of sedimentary basins, among which the density contrast decreases exponentially with depth. Forward modeling is realized in the space domain using a combination of both analytical and numerical approaches. A collage of vertical prisms having equal widths, whose depths are to be estimated, describes the geometry of a sedimentary basin. Initial depths of a sedimentary basin are predicted using the Bouguer slab formula and subsequently updated, iteratively, based on the differences between the observed and theoretical gravity anomalies until the modeled gravity anomalies mimic the observed ones. The validity and applicability of the method is demonstrated with a synthetic and two real field gravity anomalies, one each over the Chintalpudi sub-basin in India and the other over the San Jacinto graben, California. In case of synthetic example, the assumed structure resembles a typical intracratonic rift basin formed by normal block faulting and filled with thick section of sediments. The proposed modeling technique yielded information that is consistent with the assumed parameters in the case of synthetic structure and with the available/drilling depths in case of field examples.
Wohnungsneubau in Schrumpfungsregionen − Fehlentwicklung oder Notwendigkeit?
Authors: Iwanow Irene , Schäfer Susann
Published: November 2013

Although former East Germany has had continuously shrinking populations for many years, flats have been simultaneously newly built and torn down nationwide, according to the development program of the Federal Government and the states. This housing policy was previously considered a negative development. The consequences of demographic change show parallel development of residential housing construction and demolition. This is not unusual, nor a negative development. The structures of demand and supply can deviate from each other due to changing population structure, especially because flats are immobile and durable consumer goods. The development of stable housing markets in shrinking areas is a special challenge for housing and public policy. This paper uses the example of Saxony to illustrate the challenges faced by regional housing markets where demographic change is occurring and discusses the background and connections. The current development of residential housing construction is unsatisfactory and vacancies are increasing, which leads to another question: how can future housing needs be satisfied while simultaneously avoiding the consumption of new land for housing?
Implementing AORN Recommended Practices for Prevention of Transmissible Infections
Authors: Patrick Marcia R. , Hicks Rodney W.
Published: November 2013

Preventing infection in the perioperative setting is a critical element of patient and health care worker safety. This article reviews the recommendations in the AORN “Recommended practices for prevention of transmissible infections in the perioperative practice setting.” The recommended practices are intended to help perioperative nurses implement standard and transmission‐based precautions (ie, contact, droplet, airborne), including use of personal protective equipment as well as interventions to prevent surgical site infections and exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Additional recommendations cover vaccination programs and how to manage personnel who require work restrictions. Hospital and ambulatory patient scenarios are included to help perioperative nurses apply the recommendations in daily practice.
Clinical Issues‐December 2013
Authors: Denholm Bonnie
Published: November 2013

This Month

Tourniquet inflation pressure

Key words: pneumatic tourniquet, inflation pressure, limb occlusion pressure, contoured cuff.

Administering prophylactic antibiotics during tourniquet‐assisted procedures

Key words: pneumatic tourniquet, tourniquet‐release dose, antibiotics, prophylactic antibiotics.

Preconditioning patients to decrease ischemia‐reperfusion inflammatory responses

Key words: pneumatic tourniquet, ischemia, reperfusion, inflammatory response, preconditioning, oxidative stress, oxygen radicals.

Exsanguinating an extremity before tourniquet cuff inflation

Key words: pneumatic tourniquet, exsanguination, scope of practice.
Stability of columnar convection in a porous medium
Authors: Hewitt Duncan R. , Neufeld Jerome A. , Lister John R.
Published: November 2013

Convection in a porous medium at high Rayleigh number$\mathit{Ra}$exhibits a striking quasisteady columnar structure with a well-defined and$\mathit{Ra}$-dependent horizontal scale. The mechanism that controls this scale is not currently understood. Motivated by this problem, the stability of a density-driven ‘heat-exchanger’ flow in a porous medium is investigated. The dimensionless flow comprises interleaving columns of horizontal wavenumber$k$and amplitude$\widehat{A}$that are driven by a steady balance between vertical advection of a background linear density stratification and horizontal diffusion between the columns. Stability is governed by the parameter$A= \widehat{A}\mathit{Ra}/ k$. A Floquet analysis of the linear-stability problem in an unbounded two-dimensional domain shows that the flow is always unstable, and that the marginal-stability curve is independent of$A$. The growth rate of the most unstable mode scales with${A}^{4/ 9} $for$A\gg 1$, and the corresponding perturbation takes the form of vertically propagating pulses on the background columns. The physical mechanism behind the instability is investigated by an asymptotic analysis of the linear-stability problem. Direct numerical simulations show that nonlinear evolution of the instability ultimately results in a reduction of the horizontal wavenumber of the background flow. The results of the stability analysis are applied to the columnar flow in a porous Rayleigh–Bénard (Rayleigh–Darcy) cell at high$\mathit{Ra}$, and a balance of the time scales for growth and propagation suggests that the flow is unstable for horizontal wavenumbers$k$greater than$k\sim {\mathit{Ra}}^{5/ 14} $as$\mathit{Ra}\rightarrow \infty $. This stability criterion is consistent with hitherto unexplained numerical measurements of$k$in a Rayleigh–Darcy cell.
BDNF and S100B in psychotic disorders: evidence for an association with treatment responsiveness
Authors: van de Kerkhof Noortje W.A. , Fekkes Durk , van der Heijden Frank M.M.A. , Verhoeven Willem M.A.
Published: November 2013

Objective

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and S100B are involved in brain plasticity processes and their serum levels have been demonstrated to be altered in patients with psychoses. This study aimed to identify subgroups of patients with psychotic disorders across diagnostic boundaries that show a specific symptom profile or response to treatment with antipsychotics, by measuring serum levels of BDNF and S100B.

Methods

The study sample consisted of 58 patients with DSM-IV psychotic disorders. Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression scale for severity and improvement (CGI-S/CGI-I) were applied at baseline and after 6 weeks of antipsychotic treatment. At both time points, serum levels of BDNF and S100B were measured and compared with a matched control sample.

Results

Baseline BDNF and S100B levels were significantly lower in patients as compared with controls and did not change significantly during treatment. Dividing the patient sample according to baseline biochemical parameters (low and high 25% and middle 50%), no differences in symptom profiles or outcome were found with respect to BDNF. However, the subgroups with low and high S100B levels had higher PANSS scores than the middle subgroup. In addition, the high subgroup still showed significantly more negative symptoms after treatment, whereas the low subgroup showed more positive symptoms compared with the other subgroups.

Conclusion

Serum levels of BDNF and S100B are lowered in patients with psychotic disorders across diagnostic boundaries. The differences between high and low S100B subgroups suggest a relationship between S100B, symptom dimensions and treatment response, irrespective of diagnostic categories.
Citoyenneté et division des sexes
Authors: Tahon Marie–Blanche
Published: November 2013

Tiendra–t–on, dans quelques années, pour exemplaire de la démocratie représentative la séance du 28 juin 1999 au cours de laquelle 745 députés et sénateurs, sur 836 votants, réunis en congrès à Versailles, ont ratifié des modifications aux articles 3 et 4 de la Constitution frančaise? Ces modifications stipulent que désormais “la loi favorise 1'égal accès des femmes et des hommes aux mandats électoraux et aux fonctions électives” et que les partis et groupements politiques “contribuent à la mise en oeuvre [de ce] principe”. Les représentants du peuple frančais — dont 90 pour cent sont de sexe masculin — auraient en effet fourni à cette occasion une illustration particulièrement magistrale du fait que l'appartenance de sexe n'entre pas en ligne de compte quand il s'agit de promouvoir le bien public! Et pourtant, après la promulgation des lois d'application, nombre d'entre eux seront empêchés de se présenter comme candidats afin de laisser la place à des candidates. Le score (89%) réussi au Congrès de Versailles dépasse les attentes populaires (un peu plus de 70% de Frančaises et de Frančais sont, selon les sondages, favorables à la parité.) I1 reflète ma1 la vivacité des débats qui ont entouré la proposition de cette mesure. Je ne reviendrai pas sur les débats qui continuent d'opposer féministes paritaristes et anti-paritaristes. Je prendrai ici en considération les positions d'auteurs masculins.
A Response to Mendelsohn's “Public Brokerage: Constitutional Reform and the Accommodation of Mass Publics”
Authors: Lusztig Michael
Published: November 2013

Matthew Mendelsohn's “Public Brokerage: Constitutional Reform and the
Accommodation of Mass Publics” offers an alternative to what he calls the “conventional wisdom” surrounding Canada's intractable constitutional quagmire. Unlike most analysts of the Canadian constitutional process, Mendelsohn advocates greater public input into
constitution making. Indeed, he suggests that the principal problem lies with elites, not mass publics. Limiting the role of “elites” in “accommodation,” he argues, allows for the possibility of constitutional reconciliation. Mendelsohn, then, provides a service by infusing some
fresh ideas into Canada's constitutional debate.
Models of Public Brokerage: A Reply to Professors Ajzenstat and
Lusztig
Authors: Mendelsohn Matthew
Published: November 2013

I thank the JOURNAL for this opportunity to continue a dialogue on
constitutional paralysis in Canada. The disagreements between myself and Janet Ajzenstat and Michael Lusztig underline some of the tensions in Canadian political science and have important implications for how we conceive processes of constitutional change.
The Universal Enveloping Ternary Ring of Operators of a JB*-Triple System
Authors: Bohle Dennis , Werner Wend
Published: November 2013

We associate to every JB*-triple system a so-called universal enveloping ternary ring of operators (TRO). We compute the universal enveloping TROs of the finite dimensional Cartan factors.
Coincidences of Fibrewise Maps Between Sphere Bundles Over the Circle
Authors: Gonçalves Daciberg L. , Koschorke Ulrich , Libardi Alice K. M. , Neto Oziride Manzoli
Published: November 2013

When can two fibrewise maps be deformed in a fibrewise fashion until they are coincidence free? In order to get a thorough understanding of this problem (and, more generally, of minimum numbers that are closely related to it) we study the strength of natural geometric obstructions, such as ω-invariants and Nielsen numbers, as well as the related Nielsen theory.

In the setting of sphere bundles, a certain degree map degB turns out to play a decisive role. In many explicit cases it also yields good descriptions of the set ℱ of fibrewise homotopy classes of fibrewise maps. We introduce an addition on ℱ, which is not always single valued but still very helpful. Furthermore, normal bordism Gysin sequences and (iterated) Freudenthal suspensions play a crucial role.
POST-STERILIZATION AUTONOMY AMONG YOUNG MOTHERS IN SOUTH INDIA
Authors: PALLIKADAVATH SASEENDRAN , RAJAN IRUDAYA , SINGH ABHISHEK , OGOLLAH REUBEN , PAGE SAMANTHA
Published: November 2013

This study examined the post-sterilization autonomy of women in south India in the context of early sterilization and low fertility. Quantitative data were taken from the third round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) carried out in 2005–06, and qualitative data from one village each in Kerala and Tamil Nadu during 2010–11. The incident rate ratios and thematic analysis showed that among currently married women under the age of 30 years, those who had been sterilized had significantly higher autonomy in household decision-making and freedom of mobility compared with women who had never used any modern family planning method. Early age at sterilization and low fertility enables women to achieve the social status that is generally attained at later stages in the life-cycle. Policies to capitalize on women's autonomy and free time resulting from early sterilization and low fertility should be adopted in south India.
Current-driven drift wave instability in a collisional dusty negative ion plasma
Authors: ROSENBERG M.
Published: November 2013

The excitation of drift waves by an electron current parallel to the magnetic field is investigated in a nonuniform plasma composed of electrons, positive ions, negative ions, and massive, negatively charged dust. Electrostatic drift waves with frequencies smaller than the ion gyrofrequencies and wavelengths larger than the ion gyroradii are considered. Linear kinetic theory is used, and collisions of charged particles with neutrals are taken into account. The present results may be relevant to laboratory collisional magnetoplasmas containing negative ions and dust.