bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECO Development Procedure
Authors: Alhaji A. S. , Al-ghanem F. A.
Published: October 2023

Objectives/Scope

The objective of this abstract is to present The ECO Development Procedure, which is a quick and easy to adopt development tool that enables young engineers to attend their daily challenges through safe and robust procedure via securing a rewardable system that benefits both their seniors /specialists along with the young engineers in order to secure an efficient competency replacement policy in the team.

Methods, Procedures, Process

The ECO Development Procedure offers a unique competency development tool that can be utilized as a foundation for all Operational Teams competency replacement policy. The program methodology is based on operational procedures and utilizes the latest methods in training and development fields. Starting with utilizing the Power of Positivity in creating a non-judging or gradable procedure to equally award participants. Consultants and consultees shall practice Deep Listening, Power Questions, Smart Action-Items and effective feedback.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

The procedure was kicked-off with awareness sessions about its functionality and benefits followed by a recruitment campaign in one operational team as a pilot. Approximately (52%) of the selected pilot team engineers have volunteered and engaged in 10 focused training sessions extended over a period of 5 weeks. Satisfactory conclusion to the training session and feedback forms was secured and immediate implementation of the procedure was observed especially by newly joined engineers in the team. Further progression report was submitted to higher management and the next step development target has been set as an immediate next year Key Performance Indicator Item to the pilot team.

Novel/Additive Information

This newly developed procedure introduces a non-judgmental / positive platform that targets closing the competency gaps of daily task requirements between young engineers and their seniors / specialists via clear and easy to follow procedure that ensures the rights of development for young engineers. Nevertheless, maintaining the reward offered to seniors / specialists through official consultation records and satisfactory surveys ready to be presented in their yearly appraisals.
Developing Consistent Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure Models for Reservoir Simulation of CCS Projects
Authors: Lun L. S. , Gao B. , Krishnamurthy P. , Kohli K. , Wattenbarger R. C.
Published: October 2023

With the need for rapid growth of the CCS industry, practitioners will need to rely on modeling and simulation, rather than analogs, to further understanding. We cannot solely rely on the results from the handful of small CCS projects around the world as the subsurface characterization of these projects have not necessarily been worked to the same rigor as major oil and gas assets. Furthermore, new practitioners are entering the space who may not be as steeped in subsurface knowledge and development experience as oil and gas professionals. We decided, given our history and leadership in both special core analysis (SCAL) and reservoir simulation to aid in developing and managing major subsurface projects, that we are in a unique position to give guidance to the CCS industry in this nascent phase. Presented here are a workflow to generate simulation-ready saturation function inputs (relative permeability and capillary pressure) curves and guidance on expected ranges for Corey parameters. We show that inputting measured data directly into a reservoir simulator leads to optimistic, underprediction of CO2 plume size during and post-injection, which has consequences to business decisions such as land acquisition, land stewardship and monitoring, measuring, and verification (MMV) plans.
Cost Optimization of Deferred Production Using New Rigless Technology
Authors: Abdullah Laila , Gilani Zubair , Jalan Shiv , Al-Naqi Ahmad , Al-Shammari Fawaz , Al-Rasheedi Kholoud
Published: October 2023

As the oil field matures the demand for artificial lift increases in order to sustain and boost production. Electrical submersible pump is one of the most commonly used method in oil industry. However, Conventional ESP deployment require Rig workover to install and retrieve the ESP Assembly, which is costly and time consuming. The conventional ESP applications have some challenges such as well accessibility for work over or well completed with 5″ or 5-1/2″ liner completions that required slim pump to fit inside the well. A novel rigless cable ESP technology is under development and pilot tests are in progress in Kuwait South and East fields. The technique utilizes Wireline method to deploy a slim pump type along with permanent magnetic motor system. The pump is capable of being deployed inside the production tubing within a short period without the need of a work over rig.

Rigless pumps tested in closed and failed ESP wells as pilot tests to restore the production until rig & equipment availability for permanent pump installation. The workflow started with well selection criteria to choose a well suitable and fit with the pump configurations. Then, performing well simulation to prepare the pump design parameter, followed by planning and implementing rigless surveillance jobs to insure well integrity and clearance. The deployment needs a slickline unit to set a packer inside the tubing, which is used as a seat for the pump also; wireline unit is required to install the pump through TEC Line (Tubing Encapsulated Cable).

The Technology was first time implemented at three wells as a pilot tests in East Kuwait area. It was successfully accomplished by installing Rigless ESP inside 3 ½" tubing through a Cable within 6-8 hours. The technology helped in avoiding using rig workover for installation, operation and retrieval. In addition, formation damage risks were avoided as no kill fluid was used.

The main objective of the cable deployed ESP was to reduce the short-term oil losses and to demonstrate the limitations and strength of the technology. Kuwait Oil Company saved rig cost as well as covered the cost of deferred production while waiting for rig to be available.
Successful Customized Thru-Tubing Plug & Abandonment from a Light Well Intervention Vessel as an Alternative to Heavy Workover Operations to Reduce Time and Cost - A Case Study from Brazil
Authors: Boldrin Rodrigo , Martinez Raul , Nunes Mauro , Ayusso André , Vivas Victor
Published: October 2023

Since Brazil produced first oil from the Campos Basin (offshore) in 1977, several companies have tried to reduce costs and speed up their offshore interventions. This requirement is even more necessary as the fields mature with limited oil production.

The operator's objective has always been to avoid interventions or increase the time between them for the duration of the wells’ life. When required, the normal way to perform these interventions has been by using heavy workover rigs, but during the last five years, this process has changed since Brazil started to perform these activities using Light Well Intervention Vessels (LWIV). These vessels allow a different approach to traditional methods of thru-tubing interventions while still meeting the requirements of local regulations.

This paper describes recent thru-tubing techniques used in a mature field during a large P&A campaign. It shows the high potential synergy integrating a LWIV with Coiled Tubing (CT), Slickline (SL), Wireline (WL), and cementing technologies for use in Brazilian activities.

CT equipment rigged up as the primary and selective intervention on a LWIV offers more flexibility between service lines, reducing time with safety and quality. This integrated solution applies since the most recent Electric (e-CT) technologies added to conventional tools, such as inflatable packers, slickline plugs, tubing punches, logging devices, and others, creates new procedures and capabilities to speed up the well intervention operation. Some jobs previously performed in over 45 days, can now be carried out in less than 13 days.

Comparing this new offshore P&A thru-tubing technique with traditional heavy well workover interventions results in a significant reduction in Abandonment Expenditure (ABEX) when operations are performed through the production tubing, allowing the completion tubing to be left in the well.

The method described in this paper, backed up with a detailed case study, illustrates the significant parts of the process, from cement placement preparation and slurry specifications to pumping through the CT into the wellbore and the cost reduction gained. Conclusions and recommendations offer more technical references for further similar applications.
A Value Chain Analysis of Non-Metallic Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipe (RTP)
Authors: Connors Sean
Published: October 2023

The objective of the paper is to explore the benefits and reliability of reinforced thermoplastic pipe (RTP). This will be achieved by focusing on the following topics:

Installation and operation benefits of non-metallic pipes compared to steel line pipe Overview of the importance of API qualification testing and the API Monogram in relation to API 15S 3rd edition (released in Q2 2022) Highlighting the significance of API Specification Q1 in the production of quality products Understanding the latest advancements in improving the quality/integrity of installations

The paper will guide the audience through the design, manufacturing, and installation of RTP, in order to demonstrate the significant performance and installation benefits of the products. To highlight the robust design, the rigorous requirements of API Specification 15S and API Specification Q1 will be examined, and the relevance and importance of several key elements will be discussed. Several defining elements of the standard will be explored in detail to demonstrate the requirements behind designing a reliable spoolable composite product.

Installation quality is a significant factor in composite pipe performance, and the paper will also evaluate and highlight key technologies that can help improve installations.

RTP can be designed, constructed, and installed to be a world class product. This paper will demonstrate the test requirements and results required by API Specification 15S to be such a product. Observations regarding the requirements for product families and product family representatives will be covered including test results and observations for several key tests, including, but not limited to, long term hydrostatic testing, elevated temperature testing, and cyclic regression testing.

Non-metallic products have proven to be effective in lowering operating costs by reducing corrosion-related pipe failures when installed correctly and according to the manufacturer's recommendations. This paper will study tools that can be used to guide installations as well as document and track the installation process. The resulting improvements can be studied in the failure rates.

After reviewing the paper, the reader will have a thorough understanding of how to evaluate and install spoolable composite line pipe in a variety of services and locations.
Restoring Critical Well Integrity in A High-Pressure Gas Well Via Coiled Tubing in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Ardia Kusela Sang , Gheilani Hamdan , Benchekor Ahmed , Cruceru Dragos , Al-Aulaqi Muataz , Al-Balushi Saja , Charushin Anton , Al-Maskari Said , Al-Mataani Khamis , Makkawi Sami , Al-Hatmi Hatem , Eltorabi Yousif
Published: October 2023

A high-pressure gas exploration well was drilled in May 2018. The main objective of the well was to explore for gas in three different formations. The well underwent a successful fracturing intervention which increased the total gas production, however, at a later stage, a leak point was observed at the tie-back seal followed by repetitive isolation plug failures. The criticality of the well status was due to the integrity failure while having above 9,000 psi of tubing head pressure. The objective of the paper is to describe the successful method of restoring well integrity in a high pressure well by retrieving the failed isolation barriers.

Prior to the intervention and due to the failed integrity of the high pressure well, a work cycle was developed to ensure the successful intervention was executed in a controlled manner. Due to the complexity of the restoration process, contingencies were aligned as part of the retrieval and isolation intervention.

Restoring the well took place in a sequence initiated firstly by the retrieval of a failed junk catcher and the top retrievable plug using the coiled tubing. This was followed by pushing the bottom failed retrievable plug to TD successfully without collapsing the Coiled Tubing string, at the live conditions of the well. The final restoration step included the utilization of a mechanical plug to be set followed by 300 m of cement, to ensure well isolation for next workover stage.

The most pivotal challenge was the intervention in a high pressure well of above 9,000 psi in the presence of a failed integrity issue. The strategy of well restoration was a complex combined intervention of utilizing multiple downhole tools to retrieve the well barrier, clean the unexpected debris accumulated and successfully control the leak that has resulted in the integrity failure of the well. Although controlling the failed retrievable plugs was difficult, due to the high pressure pushing the unset plugs shallower, manipulating the status of the well between opening the returns and shutting-in during the intervention was observed a secondary control parameter throughout the job.

The combined approach of Coiled Tubing's tubing force analysis, downhole tool configuration, well condition and contingency management throughout the intervention resulted in the successful restoration of a high-pressure gas well.

The paper presented highlights the successful restoration of a complex intervention executed through Coiled Tubing. This case helps to present the value, challenges, lessons learnt and opportunities existing in well restoration that would have previously been deployed through a costlier mean of workover operation.
Well Integrity Compliant, Innovative Dual Cut-To-Release Packer System Addresses Well Challenges in high profile wells for ADNOC
Authors: Mefleh Issam Rezk , Abdulla Mohammed Fawzi , Al Marzouqe Muna , MacKenzie Alan , McMillan Gordon , Sood Atul B. , Hajiji Fateh , El Sayed Laith
Published: October 2023

This paper introduces a groundbreaking development in well completion technology - the Dual Packer Cut-to-Release (CTR) system. This innovative solution offers a superior replacement for the conventional pull-to-release dual packer, CUT-TO-RELEASE (CTR) technology. The key feature of the Dual Packer CTR lies in the integration of a defined cut window within the challenging geometry of a 9-5/8" × 3-1/2" × 3-1/2" production packer design. This integration provides unparalleled risk mitigation, ensuring optimal well integrity throughout the high-profile well completion process and its entire operating life.

With recent advancements in the reliability of well intervention tools, the confidence level among operators in production and injection applications has significantly increased. The Dual Packer CTR technology leverages these improvements to offer a higher level of reliability and precision during the releasing (cut) process. Additionally, this technology enables precise zonal isolation, enhancing well performance and providing versatility for deployment in supported and unsupported wellbores.

The paper discusses the development process, including the selection of field-proven technology and the rigorous testing and validation procedures carried out to ensure the packer's robustness and functionality. The successful implementation of the Dual Packer CTR in field installation further solidifies its position as a dependable and efficient solution for challenging well completion operations. Ultimately, this advanced technology provides operators with enhanced confidence and assurance for achieving successful production and injection applications.
Implementation of Casing While Drilling Leading to Substantial Savings in West Kuwait Fields
Authors: Nasser Al-Khalifa , Farouk M. H. , Al-Muraikhi H. R. , Joshi D. , Al-Qazweeni A,E. M. , Elsheikh Omar K. , Pasaribur I. , Jokhi Ayomarz H.
Published: October 2023

Drilling across Shuaiba formation in the western wells of Kuwait poses significant difficulties, including severe loss of drilling fluid, unstable shale formations, and deteriorating hole conditions, which may require sidetracking. Cavernous porosity development in Shuaiba formation leads to potential severe lost circulation during drilling through it. This project aims to develop an engineered solution to efficiently drill through these challenges and to minimize nonproductive time, ultimately reducing the overall cost of the well.

The proposed solution involves utilizing a casing-while-drilling technology that features a drillable bit, engineered to conform to the field's formations. It aims to drill through fractured dolomitic limestone and sandstone formations while simultaneously setting the casing.

This paper will discuss the geological aspect of Shuaiba formation at the early Cretaceous that lead of the major mud losses, and the proposed engineering solution with casing while drilling for minimizing the non-productive time when drilling into Shuaiba formation. The selection process of using casing while drilling or conventional casing was also discussed because the completion requirement at the lower part of the reservoir section.
Architecture for Building Tech Intensity: Practical Implementation of the Data Strategy for the Energy Transition in the Middle Eastern Based International Energy Company
Authors: Yaqoob M. K. , Sulaiman F. , Shaat S. , Fateem Adnan. Omar. Bu , Al Rejaibi Haila. , Mazouari Khadija.
Published: October 2023

This paper is to share the practical implementation of the Data Strategy for the Energy Transition in the Middle Eastern based International Energy Company. While the energy transition is driving change in our industry, with gas acting as a key bridging fuel to a lower carbon and sustainable future, the data management practice has seen little shift in that direction. Many energy companies are refocusing their efforts to expand across the value chain while also embracing new energy sectors that help deliver a sustainable future. With data volumes growing exponentially and the data stack continuing to undergo rapid innovation, companies are struggling to keep pace to drive business agility while keeping the associated costs and complexity in a healthy ratio against the value created from digitalization.

Hence, a practical implementation to the modern data strategy for building tech intensity is needed. A framework was defined together with Microsoft and executed together with the Middle Eastern based International Energy Company. The 5 steps approach to practically implement these are as follows: Assessing current data management practicesDefining strategic objectives and goalsDeveloping a roadmap for implementationAllocating resources and budgetExecution, monitoring, and evaluation

Based on the practical implementation of the Data Strategy for the Energy Transition and major lessons for designing a new enterprise data architecture, few themes have been identified and discussed in the paper.
Blended Approach to Stuck Pipe Avoidance Training
Authors: Sajad Allawati , Hiam Saad
Published: October 2023

The objectives of the project is to develop a blended training program for Stuck Pipe Avoidance using e-Learning, video learning and Virtual Reality, VR, to increase participants attention throughout the course and to enhance knowledge retention.

PDO works in a complex, high-risk, high-consequence work environment where accidents can be extremely serious, causing damage to people, assets, and the environment. The traditional multiple day course content was reviewed and updated to incorporate VR technology into a blended training program for Stuck Pipe Avoidance with e-learning, 3D models, animation, and video learning modules so that the company could train their people in the safest way possible whilst providing a high level of realism and knowledge retention and allowing the trainees to learn more effectively and efficiently.

Use-case studies and historical experience were incorporated into development of the new content.

The vendor used the stage gate approach to get the SME's approval before developing the content into digital formats.

A blended approach resulted in increased participants attention and gamified VR training modules helped participants to massively increase their knowledge retention by creating highly immersive virtual learning environments which helped them to focus all of their attention on their training. This creative approach helped the company to deliver training experiences that were truly immersive and engaging without the usual constraints, limitations and costs imposed by the physical world, allowing candidates to fail in a safe environment.

Pre and post training questionnaires confirmed Class participation increased, employee motivation increased, and knowledge retention increased, throughout the new blended course compared to the traditional approach.

VR is being increasingly used in education and training institutions around the world but has been slow to be adopted by the Oil & Gas industry. This project clearly demonstrates the benefits to include VR technology into a blended approach, being better prepared to mitigate risks in high risk, high consequences environments.
Innovative Sustainable Approach to Reuse Dredged Sand Material to Promote Decarbonization and Circular Economy Toward Net Zero Emissions
Authors: Ghanem Hashem H , Khojah Baker , Georgiou Ioannis , Khalilur Rehman , Bakodah Ahmed , Alhazzaa Mohammed
Published: October 2023

The objective of this environmental initiative is to utilize dredged sand material for the development of artificial islands near Abu Ali Island, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. The aim is to reduce the environmental impact of the dredging process and create a sustainable solution for the disposal of the dredged materials. The project demonstrates a modern, sustainable and circular economy approach to target the biodiversity threats in multi-dimensional aspects and transform these threats into opportunities to improve Abu Ali Island's ecosystem.

The analytical approach consists of following methodology:

Identify the total quantity of sand waste generation during the dredging operation. Evaluate and identify potential waste storage facility as the laydown area on the island to temporarily store the waste. Calculate number of trucks required to transport the waste out of the area. Conduct site verification to identify potential waste disposal areas or find an alternative solution to utilize the waste material. Coordinate with corporate entities and project groups to obtain approval for proposed waste reuse solution.

The reuse of dredged sand material for the development of artificial islands has several positive environmental impacts. First, it helps reduce the amount of dredged material (1.5MM m3) that needs to be disposed of in offshore locations or on landfills, which can cause harm to marine life and ecosystems. Second, it creates a new habitat for marine organisms and promotes biodiversity. In addition, it will eliminate the transportation cost (150,000 trucks) and associated traffic hazards if the material is transported outside the island. Finally, it promotes sustainable development by reducing the environmental impact of human activities on the natural environment.

The implementation of this unique innovative approach at Abu Ali Island Corporate Biodiversity Area demonstrates a lead-by-example role in the environmental aspects. The corporate commitment as a global oil and gas producer toward the environment was clearly illustrated in this initiative. Building a circular environmental culture that contributes to combat climate change, sustainably falls under the company's corporate strategies. The development of artificial islands is not a new concept, but the use of dredged sand material is a sustainable and circular solution. The approach can also be proposed for the redevelopment of urban waterfront areas, where dredging is a common practice to maintain shipping channels. This environmental initiative is a win-win solution that can benefit both the environment and human development.
Empowering Frontline Workers to Work Effectively with Hands-Free Computing Devices
Authors: Alyassi Hussain , Nair Premachandran
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this document is to provide an insight to ADNOC's latest technology ‘Digital Workforce’ which supports the ‘Wearable Device’ for the frontline workers at ‘ADNOC Onshore’ facilities. Mobility and real-time data exchange are of primary importance to enhance operational efficiency, safety and reliability in oil and gas industries. In the past, the trend was to equip field workers with industrial smartphones or similar devices to ensure uninterrupted communication. ‘Wearable technology’ aims to take the advantage of the hands-free functionality allowing workers to perform their duties while maintaining the communication remotely with the control room. The application, ‘Digital Workforce’, provides an effective software solution for the device to work efficient and flawless. The methodologies adopted aids to overcome the limitations of using such devices in areas with limited network bandwidth while adhering to the security parameters set by ADNOC. The document discusses on the technical specifics of the application, the advantages and the limitations of the current version of the solution.
Digitalization of Offshore Wells Risk Management Through Quantitative, and Automated Risk Assessment Techniques
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Hassan , Al-Ali Abeer , Al Hosani Ahmed , Ali Mohamed Saleh , Al Hammadi Hassan Ali
Published: October 2023

Risk assessment is the key and most crucial phase in risk management during different well's life cycle. It is a rigorous procedure for identifying, evaluating, and quantifying risks that have the potential to endanger people, have an adverse effect on the environment, or damage assets. With the use of a scenario-based qualitative risk assessment technique and the corporate 6X6 risk matrix, ADNOC Offshore built a new tool for automated well risk assessment that enable the company to identify the failures, control and mitigate well integrity risks due to different failure scenarios.

In the digitized risk assessment module, all hazard scenarios have been identified to cover all possible leak paths and conductor pipe structural risks. A detailed barrier analysis is then simulated to define the probability of failure for each scenario. In addition, all operating limits are retrieved from the database along with various consequences factors such as people, safety, assets, company reputation and business. Finally, well risk is ranked by evaluating over 4,000 simulated risk scenarios using the ADNOC 6X6 matrix. All functions were added to in-house software and linked to all relevant well data such as X-tree, DHSV, annulus pressure survey, Maximum Allowable Anticipated Surface Pressure (MAASP), conductor pipe… etc.

The digitized risk assessment ensures compliance with local, international standards and best practices by effectively risk assessing and ranking different types of wells (oil and gas producers, water and gas injectors…etc.), flowing or injecting sour and sweet fluids at different locations (island or wellhead towers) with single or multiple completion strings equipped with Surface or subsurface control subsurface safety, constructed with up to four annuli in addition to structure assessment for the conductor pipe.

Once the failure scenarios have been ranked and the final risk ranking has been determined, a Well Integrity Passport (WIP) will be created. This WIP will encompass all the information regarding the well, including risk assessment, short-term and long-term action plans, as well as mitigation plans, the assigned party and due date for each failure scenario will also be included. Subsequently, the Well Integrity Passport (WIP) will be automatically circulated for approval based on the approval hierarchy.
A-LOC - ADNOC Leak Clamp-On Containing Device
Authors: Bijoy J. V. , Hegazi M. S. , Surendra S. R. , Omran S. A. , Alshemeili Mohammed
Published: October 2023

The project for the replacement of the temporarily repaired and corroded 24" high pressure flare line was delayed for various reasons. During this period the temporary composite repairs carried out expired and integrity could not endorse the line. There was an immediate requirement for a low-cost fast-track solution to tackle the integrity threats of these expired long composite wrapped repair sections on this very critical line. The conventional way of repairing is like for like which would require a shutdown of the line. However, the line cannot be shut down as most if not all the plant relief in Island is connected to it. It will have major impact to the production to the tune of 95million USD. Company Senior management requested a quick temporary solution till the permanent solution is awarded and completed by 1Q-2026. A-loc solution was developed in-house to avoid shutdown of critical system where the local vendors were unable to provide effective solutions. The above fast track works were executed safely during the pandemic. This paper presents the best optimized repair and execution methodology for the critical pipework avoiding total shutdown of essential system. Also, this paper highlights how in-house Company Technical Support can contribute towards More Profitable Upstream by providing a code compliant temporary repair and cost-effective solution for the Company’s business continuity.
Design, Test and Validation of a 100% H2 Gas Turbine to Enable Energy Transition
Authors: Gabriele S. , Sarti G. , Baldini M. , Gerbi F.
Published: October 2023

In the global effort to reduce GHG emissions hydrogen plays a crucial role being one of the major carbon-free energy carriers to drive the change towards net-zero emissions target.

Although the interest in hydrogen has risen significantly in the last few years, the use of hydrogen blends in gas turbines is a well-established practice. Starting from the experience gained in decades of operation, nowadays a new generation of gas turbines is being designed specifically to operate with pure hydrogen in all conditions, from start-up to base and partial loads. Despite the concept of feeding gas turbines with hydrogen is not new, the technology effort necessary to implement a low emission 100% hydrogen combustion system is massive, representing the state of the art of the development of innovative technologies for hydrogen utilization and becoming one of the main roads to achieve the GHG reduction goal.

For the development of a new 100% hydrogen combustor, predictive models are fundamental, providing accurate and reliable predictions to optimize the design of the equipment and to ensure the proper low-emission operation of the gas turbine. Due to the complexity of the involved physical laws, the reliability and robustness of the predictive models depends heavily on testing activities that allow to use real data to develop and calibrate the predictive models.

With this aim, a hierarchical approach to testing has been adopted: first the physical model, its calibration and its accuracy have been benchmarked against Full Annular Rig test and dedicated bench tests. Although simplified with respect to a full-scale gas turbine, those tests have the advantage of being more controlled, providing data and details not available on a full-size machine. Then the models have been tested and fine-tuned against a full-scale gas turbine test.

The whole process including design, test and validation of a combustion system capable of burning 100% hydrogen will be analyzed in depth in the paper.
Identification of Multiple Annuli Leakages Using Acoustic Sensor
Authors: Almulhim B. K. , Ikhsanov N. A.
Published: October 2023

The objective of this paper is to present technical specifications of a logging tool where it can identify the well integrity system failure due to various scenarios including:

communication between Borehole and Tubing-Casing Annulus, or TCA (A-annulus) through one of the completion elements; leak of the tubing itself; communication between TCA and the 1st Casing-Casing Annulus, or CCA1 (B-Annulus); and communication between CCA1 and the 2nd Casing-Casing Annulus, or CCA2 (C-annulus), when the movement of unwanted fluid happened through the casing leaks.

There is a described approach when downhole data which includes high-definition spectral noise and high-precision temperature (HPT) logging results is supporting the surface pressure data, and the source of Sustained Annulus Pressure (SAP) in all annuli was revealed confidently.

The diagnostics can be conveyed in boreholes that are mainly filled by gas with some liquid hydrocarbon and water content. The survey also can be done under two types of conditions: shut-in, which is the baseline, and several dynamic conditions. The purpose was to change the well regime and capture events that are related to well integrity issues. This comprehensive survey results will lead to correct decisions of well workover.
Establishing the Sustenance and Cutting-Edge Operationalisation Strategy to Unlock Company-Wide Potential Value Thru Automated Production Enhancement Screening
Authors: Zul Azhar Nur Afrina Inani , A Halim Fatin Liyana , Mat Khair Nusheena , Sidek Sulaiman , Mat Nawi Wan Zul-atfi , Nik Khansani Nik Zarina Suryana , Mokhlis Mohamad Mustaqim , Hazali Nurdini Alya , Fuenmayor Roberto , Saifuddin Nabil
Published: October 2023

This paper discussed the operationalization effort of an automated and integrated Machine Learning (ML) system to support Production Enhancement (PE) opportunity generation and workflow processes driven by data analytics. The digital solution focuses on prescriptive engines to calculate variables such as potential gain, Locked-In-Potential (LIP) and behind casing potential using big data such as reservoir properties, historical production, well intervention history and petrophysics interpretation. Additionally, the solution provides constraint detection for each well using an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) on conventional petroleum engineering workflows.

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the operationalization effort that was utilized to gain the maximum value possible from the workflow by connecting people with this digital solution. The efforts are founded on the following three (3) key methodologies: 1) Operationalization, 2) Optimization, and 3) Value Creation.

This digital solution has enabled engineers to identify and rank PE opportunities more quickly and efficiently, leading to a potential increase in field production and recovery. Adopting this methodical approach which utilizes advanced data analytics and ML, automated and systematic PE opportunity has been made possible and this has given a positive impact on work process whereby engineers will have more time to focus on strategic and value-added activities, increasing workforce satisfaction and productivity. As of this report, this digital solution is currently available in over forty (40) different fields. The goal is to connect people with the enhanced workflow, which will make it possible for workforce upskilling and foster a better collaborative work environment to boost field productivity and work process efficiency.
Achieving Excellent Zonal Isolation in Linerless Casing Design Through Innovative Cementing Practice
Authors: Alhadhrami N. , Sinaga A. , El-Sayed I. , Husein M. , Loucif A.
Published: October 2023

Linerless casing design is a cost-effective solution to reduce the well delivery time, however it presents challenges in achieving excellent cement quality across the interval. ADNOC Onshore Cementing team developed a cement slurry design to cover the deep 9-5/8" casing to surface with modified cement designs to enhance cement quality.

This paper presents drilling and cementing operation for an extended reach well (ERD) landing in a high inclination reservoir. A lightweight, expandable, and gas-tight slurry was designed with flexible high-density slurry to mitigate risk. Cementing best practices were followed during execution, including casing centralization, wiper plug displacement, and pressure testing. The displacement efficiency was improved by using a pump scrubbing spacer. The paper highlights the benefits of this technique and how it contributes to the success of the cementing operation. The paper also discusses the challenges and lessons learned during the operation, such as unexpected formation pressures and equipment malfunctions.

In conclusion, the slurry design and implementation of the cementing best practice as previously stated were studied in 3 wells and has successfully achieved to provide an excellent zonal isolation through the entire wellbore interval. The linerless cementing practice proved its success and efficiency in terms of well stability and cement quality as reflected in the simulations, lab test results, Cement Quality Parameters (CQP) and Cement Evaluation Tools (CET).

Due to the positive results, the new modified cement design is currently being used as a best practice for executing any future linerless cement jobs
Steam Trap Management Re(de)fined
Authors: Palani Ilayaraja , Wassly Abdulrahman Q , Alnashry Faris A , Sharahely Fayez H , Alruzayhi Turki F
Published: October 2023

Body steam trap management is one of the key programs in energy management. Considerable amount of steam as energy and water as condensate is lost through failed traps. In a well-maintained steam distribution system distribution loss of 5% is acceptable and losses increase drastically to 10 to 15 % in a poorly maintained system. Trap population is a mix of different types of traps such as thermodynamic or disc type, bimetallic, inverted bucket, float, and thermostatic. Though the professional fraternity as well as management agrees that significant contribution of losses is due to failure of thermodynamics traps where failure rates are as high as 40%, only few companies acted to adopt alternate trap types and reduce the failure rate. Very few have leveraged technology to detect failure as well as diagnose type of failure.

Millions of dollars need to be invested in online trap management systems and fear of uncertainty overwhelmed sound engineering judgement to adopt alternate traps over conventional thermodynamic traps. This prevented addressing the perennial issue of steam loss through traps. 10% loss has become the acceptable norm. This paper discusses current conditions at field based on survey, alternates to disc traps, failure rate reduction after replacing disc traps, strategy to manage traps, and overall net benefits.

Steam trap management program was revisited using extensive field survey data, analyzing types of traps based on application and steam pressure levels. Trap failure rate matrix was developed based on type and pressure levels. Condensate recovery was used to measure or determine the effectiveness of disc type trap replacement. A strategy was developed to maximize condensate recovery with optimized investment. This helped to prioritize areas where disc type traps are to be replaced with suitable alternate types and yield desired results. Actual failure rate comparison was made before and after disc type trap replacement. Condensate recovery improved from 85 to over 92%. It is expected to reach 97%, if all disc type traps are replaced. Failure rate of traps are expected to maintain around 3%.
Integrated Asset Modeling for Multi Sour Fluids Reservoirs to Optimize the Full Field Development Plans
Authors: Basioni M. A. , Al Blooshi A. Y. , Meziani S. , Omobude O. , Bogachev Kirill , Shakirov Roman , Zagainov Aleksandr , Grishin Aleksei , Kuzevanov Maksim
Published: October 2023

This paper presents an integrated asset modeling approach for reservoir coupling of 2 Sour offshore Abu Dhabi fields with three and four complex undeveloped reservoirs for each field respectively with different fluid types ranging from low CGR sour gas to sour oil in one shared surface network (Figure 1). The proposed methodology involves the development of a fully coupled surface and subsurface models to optimize field development with gas lift, water injection and gas recycling as part of the design and operations’ excellence.

In our quest to optimize field development strategies, we have developed a fully coupled surface and subsurface model. This approach integrates gas lift, water injection and gas recycling operations, paving the way for an enhanced understanding of their synergistic effects on reservoir performance. By concurrently accounting for these three crucial facets of oil field operations, the proposed model transcends conventional decoupled modeling frameworks.
Sustainable and Profitable Subsea Life Extension: Giving Extra Operating Life to Corroded Pipelines
Authors: Hashi Ahmed , Alam Mohammad Ehtasham , Alhammadi Mohamed Abdul Hameed
Published: October 2023

In the energy industry and its product transportation, Pipelines are considered as safe and economical and therefore, plays an important role and considered as one of the critical asset. More than 60% of pipelines (oil, gas, water & condensate) has been in operation for more than 35 years exceeding its normal design life. And there is a requirement for continued safe production from the field. Therefore, maintaining integrity of these pipelines are becoming critical and this can be achieved effectively by having an intensive integrity management system in place which helps in continuous inspection, assessment and mitigation to evaluate the risk exposure. This requires highly proven and innovative inspection and integrity assessment tools and techniques that helps in accurate and safe endorsement of fitness for service thereby, extending the operating life of the pipelines.

There are instances or scenarios where some of these operational pipelines with exceeded design life are highly corroded and requires significant number of intervention and repair and this becomes more challenging and un-economical being an offshore operations. Furthermore, in these scenario the subsea pipeline is recommended to be decommissioned within a prescribed timeline and replaced by a new pipeline and, this has created a window of vulnerability to failure during the transition from decommissioning "end of life" pipeline phase with the new pipeline replacement project. Due to this situation, we have explored an innovative solution together with specialized subsea composite contractors to develop and test high strength composite with resins that are hydrophobic and can be applied in the underwater condition. These subsea composite materials provide a "Double Skin" of composite wrapping on weak links/corroded sections in the subsea pipelines, ensuring safe operations for about 5-7 years until the pipeline is replaced.

This paper captures the lessons learnt and continuous improvements being made to further develop subsea composite repair technology for fast and low cost temporary subsea pipeline interventions. Case study of actual subsea pipelines repair with composites whose life has been extended and are still in operations will be presented in the section below. This deferment of capital cost in new pipelines enables the company to realize profitability while ensuring maximum availability and sustainable subsea infrastructure.

This paper address the risk exposure identified and effective mitigation deployed using innovation driven repair solutions and with this subsea strategy the ageing pipelines has achieved and maintained a "Zero Leak and Zero business interruption" track record.
A Revolutionary Environmental Solution in Subsea Engineering and Installations: Ai-Driven Ecosystem Insights
Authors: Wilmink R. P. J. , Oostenbrink N. A. , Kersten R. T. C.
Published: October 2023

Over the last decades, anticipating on the global increase in energy demand, necessary developments on the seabed have taken place that interfered with ocean ecosystems and related biodiversity enhancement capacities. As the awareness of this problem nowadays grows - as well as the efforts of large scale ecosystem restoration - the need for a reliable solution targeting the core of the problem does so as well: insufficient availability of environmental information to support decision making systems. By introducing AI-driven ecosystem insights, the nature inclusive scope on projects can be broadened and decision making as well as environmental requirements within the marine industry can be brought to a higher level. In working towards biodiversity enhancement at scale, creating a Digital Twin of the project site can give direction for decision making. This interactive digital blueprint offers valuable insights into the physical assets and the potential of integrating state-of-the-art biodiversity solutions. Following from our experience, we know that the protection and restoration of seaweed, oyster and mussel reefs, seagrass, coral and mangroves can significantly increase the ecosystem services they deliver. The Digital Twin will relate ecosystem services with economic indicators and show amongst others; the potential biodiversity increase, CO2 sequestration, oxygen level increase and corresponding revenues. It can track the impact and continuously demonstrate progress and status by integrating 3rd party monitoring and data collection methods.Worldwide offshore energy systems develop more and more towards multi-use, which is key to enhancing seabed biodiversity. The opportunities for multi-use are endless, but the inclusion of ecosystem restoration can only be successful if the right data is collected and insights can be shown. If we can better understand the system in which the intervention is taking place, we can better make the right decisions.An intelligent tool to create high traction and impact on marine ecosystems at scale, as it facilitates energy companies and operators to evaluate targeted and high-value environmental solutions. It will break down the complex challenge of biodiversity, and allows for easy and impactful decision-making on this topic. This will release pressure on specific species, and nature in general, and will allow them to thrive again.Efforts to enhance ecosystem services, combined with AI-driven insights, unleash a new sea of opportunities for nature inclusive works. Currently under development in collaboration with universities and research institutes, our aim with this paper is to inspire and invite marine industry partners to join our upscaling efforts.