bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What have multicentre registries across the world taught us about the disease features of systemic sclerosis?
Authors: Proudman Susanna M. , Huq Molla , Stevens Wendy , Wilson Michelle E. , Sahhar Joanne , Baron Murray , Hudson Marie , Pope Janet , Allanore Yannick , Distler Oliver , Kowal-Bielecka Otylia , Matucci-Cerinic Marco , Low Andrea H.L. , Teng Gim Gee , Law Weng Giap , Santosa Amelia , Nikpour Mandana ,   Australian Scleroderma Interest Group (ASIG),   Canadian Scleroderma Research Group (CSRG),   EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research group (EUSTAR),   Singapore Scleroderma Workgroup (SCORE)
Published: October 2017

Introduction

The aim of this study is to compare the clinical features, mortality and causes of death of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients in four large multicentre registries.

Methods

Patients seen at least once in the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study (ASCS) (n = 1714), the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group (CSRG) (n = 1628), the European League Against Rheumatism Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) Network (n = 13,996) and the Systemic Sclerosis Cohort in Singapore (SCORE) (n = 500) before August 2016 were included. Clinical manifestations and survival in cohorts and disease subtypes were compared.

Results

Among 17,838 SSc patients, most were female (86.1%), Caucasian (84.6%) and had the limited cutaneous subtype (lcSSc) (65.0%). The anti-centromere autoantibody was the most prevalent (37.6%). More patients in SCORE had the diffuse subtype (dcSSc) (49.3%) and Scl-70 autoantibody (38.8%) (p<0.001). Patients with dcSSc were more likely to be younger and male (p<0.001) and have shorter disease duration, more calcinosis, tendon friction rubs and synovitis (all p<0.001). Interstitial lung disease (ILD) occurred more frequently in dcSSc but prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was similar in both subtypes. More deaths occurred among SCORE patients who had the shortest median survival (p<0.001). The survival of patients with early disease, males and those with dcSSc was shorter than that of patients with prevalent disease, female gender and lcSSc, respectively. SSc-related complications accounted for more than 50% of deaths, with PAH and ILD being the most common.

Conclusions

This meta-cohort of SSc patients, the largest reported to date, provides insights into the impact of race and sex on disease manifestations and survival and confirms the early mortality in this disease.
Combined PRP and microfat graft for facial disability in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Philandrianos Cécile , Magalon Jéremy , Daumas Aurélie , Veran Julie , Sabatier Florence , Magalon Guy , Granel Brigitte
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis and microvascular damage. Facial signs are frequent and include perioral skin thickening, facial atrophy and microstomia. Facial handicap is overlooked by physicians but when patients are questioned, they frequently declare discomfort and distress due to their facial disability and appearance. As ideal autologous filler, fat graft has previously been considered in the treatment of facial handicap in SSc. To enhance fat graft survival, we combined fat graft and autologous platelet-rich plasma.

Cases Description

Two patients suffering from SSc with facial disability, facial skin thickening and aesthetic discomfort were treated with combined subcutaneous microinjection of autologous fat and platelet-rich plasma.

Conclusions

Regular follow-up until 12 months showed that facial disability decreased, skin texture appeared softer, and mouth opening increased. Patients declared to be very satisfied from a functional and aesthetic point of view until their last follow-up at 12 months. Fat grafting is beneficial in the improvement of facial symptoms of patients with SSc, and the addition of platelet-rich plasma is a feasible, simple and safe method. Further studies are required to better assess the advantage on fat graft retention, trophicity and the lasting effect offered by this combined therapy.
Advances in geriatric oncology: a multidisciplinary perspective
Authors: Somasundar Ponnandai , Mourey Loïc , Lozza Laura , Maggi Stefania , Stepney Rob
Published: October 2017

A growing majority of people with cancer is composed of older patients. For many such patients, independence and quality of life are as important as prolongation of survival, emphasizing the need for treatments that are not only effective but also well-tolerated. Given age-related decline in organ function and the prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacy, optimum management is complex and requires collaboration between oncologists and geriatricians. Advances in surgery now include preoperative assessment and, when indicated, prehabilitation of the patient, as well as the enhanced recovery after surgery approach. Medical treatment is benefiting from the advent of highly effective novel immunomodulatory agents that join the tumor-targeted small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies in modifying the tolerability of therapy. Improved tolerability is evident with radiotherapy (RT). The adoption of stereotactic body RT in community oncology practice is increasing the proportion of elderly patients with comorbidities who can receive curative treatment. A further aspect of precision medicine as it relates to the older cancer patient is the tailoring of intervention to the robustness or frailty and life expectancy of the individual. Quantitative and validated tools for comprehensive geriatric assessment are playing an important role in this process.
Male infertility rate: a retrospective study
Authors: Mehra Bihari L. , Skandhan Kalanghot P. , Prasad Buduru S. , Pawankumar Godatwar , Singh Gurdip , Jaya Vasudevan
Published: October 2017

Introduction:

Worldwide, male responsible infertility is on the rise. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the infertility rate of this area.

Materials and methods:

Cases reported from 1989 to 1993 to the Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurved University were studied. Semen reports were also scrutinized.

Results:

A total number of 1,17,979 cases were examined. Male infertility rate was 45%. Patients’ semen report showed that they were with oligozoospermia (22%), asthenozoospermia (11%) and azoospermia (12%).

Discussion:

The reported value (45%) for male infertility is high, which is compared and discussed with that of authors from worldwide.
Topical alprostadil (Vitaros©) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction after non-nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Camera Pier Andrea Della , Morselli Simone , Cito Gianmartin , Tasso Giovanni , Laruccia Nicola , Cocci Andrea , Ruffo Antonio , Gacci Mauro , Serni Sergio , Carini Marco , Natali Alessandro
Published: October 2017

Objective:

The aim of the study is the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the treatment with topical alprostadil (Vitaros©) in post-robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) rehabilitation therapy of patients with erectile dysfunction (ED).

Methods:

Seventy-four patients were enrolled and underwent non-nerve-sparing RARP. Inclusion criteria: age <75, preoperatively International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) >16, erection hardness score (EHS) ⩾2, weekly sexual intercourse ⩾1, affirmative answers to Sexual Encounter Profile Question (SEP-Q) 2 and SEP-Q3, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ⩽5, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ⩽1, no moderate/severe cardiovascular disease.

Results:

Vitaros was administered ⩾2 twice a week. At month 6, the IIEF-5 decreased from 20.5 preoperative to 18.1 post-treatment. EHS score decreased from a mean of 3.3 to a mean of 3.0. The quality of life score decreased from an average of 5.1 to 2.3. Weekly sexual intercourse decreased from an average of 2.1 to 1.7. Six patients dropped out; 89.7% patients showed a positive SEP-Q2 and 77.8% a positive SEP-Q3. All patients responded positively to Global Assessment Questions (GAQ)-1 and 97% to GAQ-2. Of all 68 analyzed patients, 13 (17.6%) switched to intracavernous injection therapy.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, Vitaros may become a viable alternative to common injective therapies in well-selected patients after RARP.
Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis with renal failure caused by malacoplakia
Authors: Cavallone Barbara , Serao Armando , Audino Patrizia , Di Stasio Andrea , Tiranti Donatella , Vota Paolo
Published: October 2017

Introduction:

Malacoplakia is a rare chronic inflammatory disease that most commonly involves the genitourinary tract with a wide spectrum of clinical presentation.

Case description:

A 65-year-old woman presented with obstructive nephropathy with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. Bilateral nephrostomy-tube placement saw an improvement in her renal function. A computerized tomography (CT) scan with contrast showed suspect lesions in the bladder, which were confirmed by cystoscopy. A transurethral resection of the suspect areas of bladder on histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of malacoplakia. Bilateral ureteral recanalization was performed with placement of ureteral stents, after balloon dilation of strictures. The treatment was continued with ascorbic acid 500 mg daily and ciprofloxacin 500 mg once daily.

Conclusions:

Malacoplakia is a rare disease. Treatment is not standard and depends on the disease location. Malacoplakia that is isolated to the lower genitourinary tract, after a transurethral resection indicating to obtain a biopsy and debulking, can typically be treated with medication, whereas upper tract disease commonly requires a combination of medical and surgical intervention.
EVALUACIÓN DE LA ESTABILIDAD DINÁMICA DEL FRESADO A TRAVÉS DEL ANÁLISIS DE PERFILES DE RUGOSIDAD
Authors: Sánchez Hechavarría Y. , Mariño Cala M.
Published: October 2017

El objetivo de esta investigación es realizar la evaluación de la estabilidad dinámica del proceso de fresado de superficies inclinadas de acero endurecido AISI D6 con altas velocidades, a través del análisis de los perfiles de rugosidad en el sentido del avance. La evaluación de la estabilidad dinámica se basó en el análisis de los perfiles de rugosidad, la señal de la componente de la fuerza en el eje Y en el dominio del tiempo y la Raíz Media Cuadrática de las señales de fuerza en los tres ejes. La investigación demostró que es posible evaluar la estabilidad dinámica de un proceso de fresado a través del análisis de los perfiles de rugosidad, el obtenerse perfiles uniformes y menores valores de rugosidad superficial en los procesos más estables. Se demostró además que la rugosidad y la calidad superficial dependen en mayor medida de la estabilidad dinámica del proceso que de la velocidad de corte, lográndose en zonas de mayor estabilidad dinámica, aumentar la velocidad de avance y de corte con buenos resultados en la rugosidad superficial de la pieza fresada.
Factores asociados al consumo de cigarrillos en estudiantes de medicina
Authors: Amador Sánchez Juan José , Barquero Duarte Kester Enrique , Castellón Méndez Alexis Eruben , López Haar Larissa Jhadith
Published: October 2017

El tabaco es un estimulante del sistema nervioso central que muchos estudiantes universitarios usan con el fin de relajarse, aun conociendo los efectos nocivos y dañinos que este produce. El consumo de tabaco en los países en desarrollo constituye un problema de salud pública cuya iniciación generalmente ocurre en la adolescencia, donde más de la mitad de los jóvenes al llegar a ser adultos poseen hábito tabáquico. El tabaco es tan adictivo como la droga pura, ya que se trata de un producto psicoactivo que afecta los procesos químicos del cerebro y del sistema nervioso. Además tiene reconocidos efectos nocivos sobre el sistema respiratorio, dañando gravemente bronquios y pulmones, llegando a producir bronquitis crónicas, enfisema y cáncer pulmonar, entre otras. Los fumadores, además de dañar su propia salud, perjudican a los que los rodean. Es notorio que lo que se ha denominado "tabaquismo pasivo" es peligroso para quienes lo sufren, justificándose plenamente las medidas de protección que se han adoptado en los diversos entornos en que se producen estas situaciones. Es necesario destacar que reviste suma gravedad el hecho de que las mujeres fumen durante el embarazo, debido a que pueden llegar a tener partos prematuros, mayor incidencia de abortos, mortalidad perinatal, niños con bajo peso de nacimiento, entre otros problemas.
Estimación de la relación PIB desempleo: Nicaragua 1980 – 2011
Authors: Franklin Sam Oslund Rains
Published: October 2017

En el artículo se examina las tres especificaciones de la llamada ley de Okun el cual estable la relación entre el desempleo, la producción y el producto potencial. Así mismo, se aplica una especificación de esta evidencia empírica a Nicaragua. Las conclusiones sugieren ampliar el modelo porque sugiere histéresis.
Evaluación hidráulica de sistemas de riego con tuberías multicompuertas para el riego de la caña de azúcar en la Agricultura
Authors: Méndez Jurjo Néstor , Brown Manrique Oscar Nemesio , Palmero Espinosa Manuel Eudel , Mundiel Sotolongo Dayamira
Published: October 2017

La investigación se desarrolló en la Empresa Azucarera Primero de Enero en un área ocupada por la técnica de riego por surcos con entrega de agua mediante tuberías con compuertas. Los resultados demostraron que el caudal descargado por 60 compuertas abiertas a la mitad proporciona una mayor uniformidad en los caudales que aportan las compuertas a lo largo del conducto. La carga de presión sobre la compuerta puede ser estimada mediante un modelo exponencial con alto coeficiente de determinación. Los polinomios deducidos para la estimación del coeficiente p y el exponente r de la función potencial de avance demostraron consistencia en la simulación de la fase de avance del riego por surcos. Los valores promedios de los parámetros geométricos del surco pueden utilizarse con seguridad en el diseño del riego por surcos. La curva de recesión puede simularse adecuadamente a partir del modelo lineal tipo tr= mr x+ tr1 para las condiciones de suelos, caudales, pendientes y longitudes de surcos evaluados en este trabajo. Los polinomios de tercer orden y el valor promedio de la pendiente de la curva de recesión producen una buena estimación de la fase de recesión del riego por surcos
Fortaleciendo el proceso de planificación didáctica de las educadoras del nivel inicial
Authors: Genet Narváez Fabiola Gema Alexandra
Published: October 2017

En el presente artículo, se aborda: el Fortalecimiento de la planificación didáctica de las experiencias de aprendizaje de los niños de 0-3 años en el Centro Educativo San Martín de Porres, del municipio de Ciudad Sandino, en el período de abril-noviembre del año 2015. El interés por indagar sobre el tema, surgió por medio de las visitas realizadas al centro e interacciones con los niños, maestras y directora general del centro, que permitió visualizar dificultades en el proceso de planificación didáctica y aplicación del currículo de la niñez de 0-3 años. El enfoque del estudio, es cualitativo en la modalidad de investigación acción, descriptiva y transversal. Se seleccionó a seis docentes, directora y técnico del MIFAM. Al realizar el diagnóstico, los principales hallazgos, fueron: Que las docentes requieren de capacitación en planificación didáctica, ya que presentan debilidades en la selección de competencias, aprendizajes esperados y evidencias de aprendizaje, aplicación del programa de atención educativa a la niñez de 0-3 años, poca aplicación de estrategias oportunas, poca motivación y promoción por las autoridades para la elaboración del plan diario. De acuerdo a estos resultados se ejecutaron cuatro planes de acción con las docentes, obteniendo resultados significativos, entre ellos: mayor interés al realizar su planificación, estética del plan, mejor redacción. Finalmente se brindan recomendaciones pertinentes al Técnico del Mi Familia (MIFAM), Directora y Docentes del Centro educativo, tales como: brindar acompañamiento pedagógico a las educadoras, ofrecer material didáctico y complementario para la planificación del ciclo 1 de educación inicial y dar seguimiento a esta investigación.
Preparing would-be specialists to work with families of children with special educational needs
Authors: Myronova Svitlana
Published: October 2017

Collaboration with families raising a child with special educational needs, is part of the professional activities of special needs teacher and one of the conditions of its efficiency as a whole. The partnership of teachers and families provides effective psycho-pedagogical support of development of the pupils. Accordingly, experts of special and inclusive institutions shall be professionally competent in matters of such interaction. The study revealed certain gaps in the training of students to work with parents, the insufficiency of their practical readiness to work in partnership. Formation of readiness of future special needs teachers to work with families should be implemented in stages throughout the training period. Preparation tasks should gradually become more complex: from development of initial ideas about family education to master the creative experience in working with families. The implement of the underlying interdisciplinary linkages between disciplines of different cycles, practice of students, their independent and research work should be carried out. The technique of formation of readiness of future specialists to work with families of children with special educational needs requires significant changes as well. Development of modern content, methods of complete continuous training of future special needs teachers to work with families of students is the prospect of further scientific studies.
Directions of work of speech development of children with the moderate and severe mental retardation
Authors: Galetska Yuliya
Published: October 2017

This article describes the directions of the development of speech of children with moderate and severe mental retardation, corrective measures described in the structure of classes of impressive speech, expressive speech and nonverbal communication. Working with language development of children with moderate and severe mental retardation is made from a variety of areas, of which, according to the level of child selected their top priority at the moment: the development of expressive speech, development impressive speech, development of non-verbal communication and so on. Proposed corrective actions below can be used for all children with mental and physical development, given their individual capabilities. In the process, children can learn the following skills: work together with adults, perform tasks for imitation and example, to express their desires by means of verbal and nonverbal communication, call or show by pointing gesture, object, toy, picture (objects, actions, attributes) image of letters, of words or based on his previous proceeding, subject to correlate with the desired word, the first letter, from which the word is written, find pictures, articles, which have investigated sound, write in block letters, words, using the preliminary analysis, and with adult; correctly pronounce certain sounds, syllables, words and phrases.
Current Evidence Does Not Warrant Frozen Section Evaluation for the Presence of Tumor Spread Through Alveolar Spaces
Authors: Walts Ann E. , Marchevsky Alberto M.
Published: October 2017

Context.—

Tumor spread through alveolar spaces (STAS) has been correlated with unfavorable prognosis in lung adenocarcinomas treated with sublobar resection, but it is unknown whether STAS can be reliably identified in frozen section (FS) to help stratify patients for lobectomy or sublobar resection.

Objective.—

To evaluate STAS in FS.

Design.—

Tumor spread through alveolar spaces was evaluated in hematoxylin-eosin–stained FS, FS control slides, and all additional slides with lung tissue adjacent to tumor (AdLT) from 48 pT1–2 adenocarcinomas operated on using video-assisted thoracotomy (n = 25) or open thoracotomy (n = 23). The samples included lobectomies (n = 27) and sublobar resections (n = 21). The STAS incidences were compared by FS versus FS control versus AdLT, video-assisted thoracotomy versus open thoracotomy, and lobectomy versus sublobar resection. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of STAS+ findings were calculated. The literature was queried for best evidence regarding incidence and predictive value of STAS in FS.

Results.—

Tumor spread through alveolar spaces positivity was identified in 46 of 48 cases (95.8%), including 23 FS (47.9%), 32 FS control (66.7%), and 43 AdLT (89.6%). The STAS incidence was significantly higher in AdLT than in FS or FS control. Only 2 of the 25 cases that were STAS− in FS were true negatives. Frozen section sensitivity to detect STAS positivity was 50%, with a 100% positive predictive value and 8% negative predictive value. Systematic literature review identified no evidence regarding STAS identification in FS.

Conclusions.—

The sensitivity and negative predictive value of FS for STAS detection are unacceptably low. There are insufficient data to support intraoperative detection of STAS as a useful predictive feature to help stratify patients for lobectomy or sublobar resections.
Pediatric Thalamic Gliomas: An Updated Review
Authors: Gupta Avneesh , Shaller Nathan , McFadden Kathryn A.
Published: October 2017

Context.—

Neoplasms originating in the thalamus are rare overall (1% of all brain tumors); however, they comprise approximately 5% of pediatric intracranial tumors and approach 15% of all malignant pediatric intracranial tumors in some series.

Objective.—

To update readers about the current understanding of the diverse histology, biology, and behavior of pediatric thalamic tumors. Histologic verification is now thought to be critical for planning treatment, and, as a result, biopsy and total/subtotal resections are much more common today than in the past.

Data Sources.—

A PubMed search using the keywords “pediatric + thalamic + glioma” yielded 45 publications with a total of 445 cases of thalamic gliomas in patients less than 18 years of age. We found only 9 substantial institutional series tabulating all encountered thalamic histologic types in children. This survey confirmed a high proportion of astrocytomas, 81% (214 of 265), of which approximately two-thirds were diffuse astrocytomas (146 of 214) and one-third were pilocytic astrocytomas (68 of 214). Of the diffuse astrocytomas, 34% (49 of 146) were low grade (World Health Organization grade II) and 55% (81 of 146) were high grade (World Health Organization grade III or IV), making the latter subgroup the largest single category of all pediatric thalamic tumors. Oligodendrogliomas and ependymomas (mostly anaplastic in both cases) comprised 10% and 3% of all pediatric thalamic tumors, respectively.

Conclusions.—

Tissue diagnosis is now thought crucial for prognostication and treatment, particularly as more potentially therapeutic molecular targets are discovered. Secure diagnosis allows identification of tumors for which resection is more feasible and beneficial.
Layered Asset Management Supports Aging Pipes
Authors: White Glen
Published: October 2017

A Great Lakes Canadian city gained comprehensive, actionable information from one of its oldest pipelines by layering sound assumptions built on a focused geotechnical and material property study, along with aboveground acoustic leak correlation and in‐line acoustic leak location technology.
The RAT (Repurpose‐a‐Tool) Improves Curb Stop Access
Authors: Sheline Tom
Published: October 2017

The RAT (Repurpose‐a‐Tool) is a repurposed lug‐nut wrench that fits inside the narrow vertical curb‐box pipe and allows closing of the curb‐stop water valve.
Decidim: redes políticas y tecnopolíticas para la democracia participativa
Authors: Barandiaran Xabier , Calleja Antonio , Monterde Arnau , Aragón Pablo , Linares Juan , Romero Carol , Pereira Andrés
Published: October 2017

Decidim es una plataforma digital de democracia participativa desarrollada por el Ajuntament de Barcelona. Decidim es, además, un proyecto tecnopolítico que implica multitud de códigos más allá del informático. Distinguimos tres planos analíticos que sirven para conceptualizar de forma holística y sistemática el proyecto Decidim: un plano político, uno tecnopolítico, y un plano técnico. Decidim emerge como ejemplo de lo que denominamos “redes políticas” caracterizadas, frente a las “redes sociales”, por hacer del vínculo político y la construcción de inteligencia y voluntad colectivas el centro de su diseño y estructura. A su vez, la comunidad y los espacios “Metadecidim” operan como dispositivos para la democratización del software de Decidim y de la democracia en red en un sentido más amplio, constituyendo “redes tecnopolíticas”. Estas redes de nueva generación hacen de la plataforma una infraestructura público-común (financiada con dinero público y co-diseñada con la ciudadanía), abierta y libre para la democracia participativa, un proyecto que aspira a servir de dispositivo y modelo para la transformación política en un periodo de crisis de la hegemonía neoliberal.
Avaliação externa e qualidade da educação: formação docente em questão
Authors: Munhoz Alavarse Ocimar , Machado Cristiane , Arcas Paulo Henrique
Published: October 2017

A constatação dos novos contornos que o debate sobre a formação docente adquiriu a partir da ampliação de políticas de avaliações externas e o consequente desvelamento das dificuldades do oferecimento de um ensino de qualidade para todos ensejou este artigo. Objetiva-se problematizar: quais conhecimentos são necessários para que os professores explorem o potencial dos resultados das avaliações externas na perspectiva de ampliação da qualidade do ensino-aprendizagem nas escolas? Este estudo apresenta resultados de investigação com o objetivo de cotejar os resultados da avaliação externa Prova São Paulo com os resultados das avaliações internas feitas pelos professores. O campo de desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi a Rede Municipal de Ensino de São Paulo e a metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa-ação. Conclui-se que é premente a apropriação aprofundada, pelos professores, dos fundamentos, objetivos e resultados das avaliações externas, para que elas possam ser utilizadas como um complemento ao desenvolvimento do seu trabalho, servindo como mais um mecanismo para avançar na qualidade da educação pública oferecida. Há que se envidar esforços para que os professores sejam dotados de conhecimento sobre o contexto, os pressupostos, e o papel das avaliações externas, bem como o seu potencial de uso dos resultados no cotidiano da sala de aula. Por fim, ressalta-se que entender os resultados das avaliações externas é compreendê-los não como um fim em si mesmo, mas sim como possibilidade de associá-los às mudanças essenciais da escola pública.
A expansão da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica: os Institutos Federais em questão
Authors: Turmena Leandro , Neves de Azevedo Mário Luiz
Published: October 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é problematizar sobre a expansão da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica (EPCT), com a implementação dos Institutos Federais (IFs) no âmbito das políticas públicas e educacionais do governo Lula. Num primeiro momento, optou-se por investigar a historicidade e a configuração da Rede EPCT e, posteriormente, analisar os dados que refletem a materialização dos IFs no país, a partir de 2008. Considerase, mesmo se tratando de uma pesquisa em andamento, que o Estado, embora hegemonizado pela burguesia, não é absolutamente burguês. A educação também não é absolutamente expressão da vontade burguesa. Portanto, com a criação dos IFs, houve a ampliação da oferta de educação pública que, embora também inserida nos limites da sociedade de classes, constitui uma possibilidade de formação e desenvolvimento de “intelectuais orgânicos” comprometidos com a superação das relações sociais capitalistas.
Temporal variations of water pCO2 and the air–water CO2 flux at a coastal location in the southern California Current System: diurnal to interannual scales
Authors: Coronado-Álvarez Luz de Lourdes Aurora , Álvarez-Borrego Saúl , Lara-Lara José Rubén , Solana-Arellano Elena , Hernández-Ayón José Martín , Zirino Alberto
Published: October 2017

The aim of this work was to identify processes that cause surface CO2 partial pressure (pCO2W) and air–water CO2 flux (FCO2) variations at a coastal location in the California Current System, from semidiurnal to interannual time scales. Such processes may include sea breeze, upwelling, El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, and “The Blob” (strong positive temperature anomalies in the NE Pacific). Sea surface  temperature  (SST,  2008–2014)  and  pCO2W  (2008–2015)  time  series  were  generated  with  data  collected from  a  MAPCO2  buoy anchored at 100 m depth and 5 km from Punta Banda (31.6ºN, 116.6ºW), Baja California, México. There were significant changes in SST, pCO2W, and FCO2 that lasted periods that were as short as a few hours and as large as interannual time frames. Spectral analysis showed significant semidiurnal, diurnal, ~15-d, and ~28-d components of variation. Time series were divided into periods according to the Multivariate ENSO Index and the Blob event. Bayesian t tests show that both pCO2W and FCO2 had high credibility of being different between periods. During La Niña conditions (2010–2011), maximum pCO2W and FCO2 values were higher, and the minimum values were lower, than during “normal,” El Niño, and Blob conditions. The pCO2W range during this La Niña event was from 131 to 864 µatm, and the FCO2 range was from–6.9 to 40.4 mmol C·m–2·d–1. The FCO2 range during the Blob was from near equilibrium to ~2.5 mmol C·m–2·d–1. The extreme values for the FCO2 integral (± standard error), for all periods, were –57.0 ± 0.01 mmol C·m–2 for El Niño, and 257.0 ± 0.03 mmol C·m–2 for La Niña. Themean FCO2 value (± standard error) was 0.04 ± 0.02 mol C·m–2·yr–1. The buoy location was found to be a very weak source of CO2 during thestudy period.
Resection of a Late Retroperitoneal Metastatic Leydig–Sertoli Cell Sex Cord–Stromal Tumor With Concomitant Aortocaval Reconstruction
Authors: Hinojosa Carlos A. , Lizola Rene , Torres-Machorro Adriana , Laparra-Escareno Hugo , Anaya-Ayala Javier E.
Published: October 2017

Leydig–Sertoli cell tumors are rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We here present a 41-year-old man who underwent a right orchiectomy for a testicular tumor at the age of 34 years. Seven years later, he presented at our institution with a large retroperitoneal mass encasing the abdominal great vessels. The patient underwent en bloc resection of the mass and concomitant infrarenal aorta, and inferior vena cava reconstruction. Pathology report revealed a Leydig–Sertoli cell sex cord–stromal tumor. The patient recovered well from the surgery and was discharged home in stable condition. To our knowledge this is the first report of a Leydig–Sertoli cell sex cord–stromal tumor with late retroperitoneal metastasis treated by en bloc resection and vascular reconstruction of the abdominal great vessels.
Optimal state filter from sequential unknown input reconstruction: Application to distributed state filtering
Authors: Rhouma Taouba , Keller Jean‐Yves , Chabir Karim , Sauter Dominique , Abdelkrim Mohamed Naceur
Published: October 2017

This paper generalizes Kalman filtering with an intermittent unknown input problem to be left invertible discrete‐time stochastic linear systems with zero, one, or more structural delays. Contrary to the state filtering–based system inversion where the unknown input vector is reconstructed with a time delay that is equal to the structural delay of the plant, we propose an optimal state filtering by reconstructing some linear combinations of the unknown input vector with a time delay less than the structural delay. Designed under a sequential unknown input decoupling constraint, which has never been previously studied in the literature, all presented filters are very computationally efficient. The proposed state filtering is used to solve the autonomous distributed state filtering problem in large‐scale networked control systems when the unknown input vector represents interactions between subsystems and when each subsystem receives intermittent information about the interaction from unreliable networks. The stochastic stability conditions of the extended intermittent unknown input Kalman filter are established when the arrival binary sequence of packet dropouts follows a random Bernoulli process.
Silver‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Carbazoles through a Tandem Intramolecular Hydroamination/Cyclization Sequence
Authors: Purnachandar Dalovai , Suneel Kanaparthy , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Karunakar Galla V.
Published: October 2017

A silver‐catalyzed synthesis of substituted carbazoles from 2‐(6‐substituted‐3‐hexanol‐1,5‐diynyl)anilines has been achieved. In this transformation, new C−C and C−N bonds were formed through a hydroamination reaction, followed by cyclization. The carbazole derivatives were obtained in good‐to‐excellent yields in a one‐pot synthesis at ambient temperature.
A Triple Salting‐Out Effect is Required for the Formation of Ionic‐Liquid‐Based Aqueous Multiphase Systems
Authors: Passos Helena , Costa Sara H. , Fernandes Ana M. , Freire Mara G. , Rogers Robin D. , Coutinho João A. P.
Published: October 2017

Novel aqueous multiphase systems (MuPSs) formed by quaternary mixtures composed of cholinium‐based ionic liquids (ILs), polymers, inorganic salts, and water are reported herein. The influence of several ILs, polymers, and salts was studied, demonstrating that a triple salting‐out is a required phenomenon to prepare MuPSs. The respective phase diagrams and “tie‐surfaces” were determined, followed by the evaluation of the effect of temperature. Finally, the remarkable ability of IL‐based MuPSs to selectively separate mixtures of textile dyes is shown.
Functional Cellular Mimics for the Spatiotemporal Control of Multiple Enzymatic Cascade Reactions
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Formanek Petr , Voit Brigitte , Appelhans Dietmar
Published: October 2017

Next‐generation therapeutic approaches are expected to rely on the engineering of biomimetic cellular systems that can mimic specific cellular functions. Herein, we demonstrate a highly effective route for constructing structural and functional eukaryotic cell mimics by loading pH‐sensitive polymersomes as membrane‐associated and free‐floating organelle mimics inside the multifunctional cell membrane. Metabolism mimicry has been validated by performing successive enzymatic cascade reactions spatially separated at specific sites of cell mimics in the presence and absence of extracellular organelle mimics. These enzymatic reactions take place in a highly controllable, reproducible, efficient, and successive manner. Our biomimetic approach to material design for establishing functional principles brings considerable enrichment to the fields of biomedicine, biocatalysis, biotechnology, and systems biology.
Single and Twofold Metal‐ and Reagent‐Free Anodic C−C Cross‐Coupling of Phenols with Thiophenes
Authors: Wiebe Anton , Lips Sebastian , Schollmeyer Dieter , Franke Robert , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: October 2017

The first electrochemical dehydrogenative C−C cross‐coupling of thiophenes with phenols has been realized. This sustainable and very simple to perform anodic coupling reaction enables access to two classes of compounds of significant interest. The scope for electrochemical C−H‐activating cross‐coupling reactions was expanded to sulfur heterocycles. Previously, only various benzoid aromatic systems could be converted, while the application of heterocycles was not successful in the electrochemical C−H‐activating cross‐coupling reaction. Here, reagent‐ and metal‐free reaction conditions offer a sustainable electrochemical pathway that provides an attractive synthetic method to a broad variety of bi‐ and terarylic products based on thiophenes and phenols. This method is easy to conduct in an undivided cell, is scalable, and is inherently safe. The resulting products offer applications in electronic materials or as [OSO]2− pincer‐type ligands.
Simultaneous construction of dual Borgen plots. I: The case of noise‐free data
Authors: Sawall Mathias , Jürß Annekathrin , Schröder Henning , Neymeyr Klaus
Published: October 2017

In 1985, Borgen and Kowalski [DOI:10.1016/S0003‐2670(00)84361‐5] introduced a geometric construction algorithm for the regions of feasible nonnegative factorizations of spectral data matrices for three‐component systems. The resulting Borgen plots represent the so‐called area of feasible solutions (AFS). The AFS can be computed either for the spectral factor or for the factor of the concentration profiles. In the latter case, the construction algorithm is applied to the transposed spectral data matrix. The AFS is a low‐dimensional representation of all possible nonnegative solutions, either of the possible spectra or of the possible concentration profiles. This work presents an improved algorithm for the simultaneous construction of the two dual Borgen plots for the spectra and for the concentration profiles. The new algorithm makes it possible to compute the two Borgen plots roughly at the costs of a single classical Borgen plot. The new algorithm comes without any loss of precision or spatial resolution. The new method is benchmarked against various program codes for the geometric‐constructive and for the numerical optimization‐based AFS computation.
Template‐Assisted Benzannulation Route to Pentacene and Tetracene Derivatives and its Application to Construct Amphiphilic Acenes That Self‐Assemble into Helical Wires
Authors: Pal Bikash , Chang Chun‐Hsiung , Zeng Cian‐Jhe , Lin Chih‐Hsiu
Published: October 2017

Pentacene is one of the most versatile organic semiconductors. New synthetic strategies to construct the pentacene skeleton are imperative to produce pentacene derivatives with appropriate solubility, stability, and optoelectronic properties for various applications. This paper describes a template‐directed approach to pentacene derivatives. In the retrosynthesis, the acene skeleton is viewed as a laddered double strand polyene instead of the more intuitive linearly fused hexagons. Based on this vision, the template strand of polyene is constructed with Wittig olefination, whereas the second strand is accomplished with Knoevenagel condensation to produce pentacene and tetracene derivatives. The synthetic scheme is flexible enough to generate an array of acene derivatives with substitution patterns that were hitherto difficult to access. Amphiphilic pentacene and tetracene derivatives were also synthesized by the template strategy. One pentacene based amphiphilic rod‐coil molecule undergoes self‐assembly to form helical wire structures that were visualized with TEM.
Peptide‐Based Probes with an Artificial Anion‐Binding Motif for Direct Fluorescence “Switch‐On” Detection of Nucleic Acid in Cells
Authors: Maity Debabrata , Matković Marija , Li Shang , Ehlers Martin , Wu Junchen , Piantanida Ivo , Schmuck Carsten
Published: October 2017

This work reports two new peptide‐based fluorescence probes (1and2) for the detection of ds‐DNA at physiological pH. Probes1and2contain a fluorophore, either amino‐naphthalimide or diethyl‐aminocoumarin, respectively, and two identical peptide arms each equipped with a guanidiniocarbonylpyrrole (GCP) anion‐binding motif. These probes show “switch‐on” fluorescence response upon binding to ds‐DNA, whereby they can differentiate between various types of polynucleotides. For instance, they exhibit more pronounced fluorescence response for AT‐rich polynucleotides than GC‐rich polynucleotides, and both give only negligible response to ds‐RNA. The fluorimetric response of1is proportional to the AT‐basepair content in DNA, whereas the fluorescence of2is sensitive to the secondary structure of the polynucleotide. Fluorescence experiments, thermal melting experiments and circular dichroism studies suggest that1interacts with ds‐DNA in a combined intercalation and minor groove binding, whereas2interacts mainly with the outer surface of DNA/RNA. As1and2have a very low cytotoxicity,1can be applied for the imaging of nuclear DNA in cells.
Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Explosive Cocrystals containing 3,5‐Dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl‐substituted‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazines
Authors: Snyder Christopher J. , Chavez David E. , Imler Gregory H. , Byrd Edward F. C. , Leonard Philip W. , Parrish Damon A.
Published: October 2017

The reaction of 3,4‐dinitropyrazole, 5‐nitrotetrazole, or 4‐nitro‐1,2,3‐triazole with 1,2,4,5‐tetrazines substituted with 3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl (dmp) groups results in energetic cocrystals after 1 minute of reflux and cooling to room temperature in yields of 89–92 %. Hydrogen‐bonding between the dmp group to the N−H of the energetic heterocycles are the predominant interaction that stabilizes the new cocrystals. Each cocrystal packs in a different lattice structure and the cocrystals with sheet‐like and herring‐bone crystal packing orientations are less sensitive than the cocrystal with the interlocked structure. Electrostatic potential mapping helps rationalize why dmp‐substituted tetrazines readily form cocrystals, whereas more electron‐deficient pyrazolyl tetrazines do not. The calculated energetic performance of the new cocrystals approaches that of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) and importantly, these materials will aid in the rational design of new cocrystalline energetic materials.
Right ventricular involvement and the extent of left ventricular enhancement with magnetic resonance predict adverse outcome in pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Smedema Jan‐Peter , van Geuns Robert‐Jan , Ector Joris , Heidbuchel Hein , Ainslie Gillian , Crijns Harry J.G.M.
Published: October 2017

Aims

Cardiac involvement is the main determinant of poor outcomes in sarcoidosis. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and left ventricular (LV) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) have been reported to be predictive of adverse outcome in non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathies. The aim of our study was to determine whether delayed RV LGE with cardiovascular magnetic resonance would be predictive of adverse events in addition to LV LGE during the long‐term follow‐up of pulmonary sarcoidosis patients.

Methods and results

Eighty‐four consecutive biopsy‐proven pulmonary sarcoidosis patients were followed for a median of 56 months [38–74] after baseline delayed contrast‐enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance. The composite primary endpoint consisted of admission for congestive heart failure, sustained ventricular tachycardia, appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy, pacemaker implantation for high degree atrio‐ventricular block, or cardiac death. The composite secondary endpoint included all‐cause mortality in addition to the primary endpoint. RV and LV LGE were demonstrated in respectively 12 and 27 patients. Five of 10 events included in the primary endpoint occurred in the group with RV LGE. RV LGE, LV, or biventricular LGE yielded Cox hazard ratios of 8.71 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.90–23.81], 9.22 (95% CI 1.96–43.45), and 12.09 (95% CI 3.43–42.68) for the composite primary endpoint. In a multivariate model, the predictive value of biventricular LGE for the composite primary and secondary endpoints was strongest. Kaplan–Meier event‐free survival curves were most significant for RV LGE and biventricular LGE (log rank with P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Biventricular LGE at presentation is the strongest, independent predictor of adverse outcome during long‐term follow‐up. Asymptomatic myocardial scar <8% of LV mass carried a favourable long‐term outcome.
High‐Purity Hydrogen Production with the Reformer Steam Iron Cycle
Authors: Nestl Stephan , Voitic Gernot , Zacharias Robert , Bock Sebastian , Hacker Viktor
Published: October 2017

The decentralized production of renewable hydrogen enables the build‐up of an infrastructure for low‐emissions fuel‐cell‐based power production and mobility. The reformer steam iron cycle (RESC) is introduced as one technological option to realize on‐site hydrogen production by combining production, purification, and storage with a low environmental impact. A hydrogen production prototype is developed, constructed, and operated with mixtures of methane and carbon dioxide as a reference for biogas. Hydrogen with a purity of 99.8 % is produced without the need for an additional gas purification step. Methane and carbon dioxide are identified as the primary impurities in the hydrogen fuel; the carbon monoxide content of the hydrogen produced is in the range of 15–24 ppm in the demonstration phase of the prototype reactor.
Zero‐inflated multiscale models for aggregated small area health data
Authors: Aregay Mehreteab , Lawson Andrew B. , Faes Christel , Kirby Russell S. , Carroll Rachel , Watjou Kevin
Published: October 2017

It is our primary focus to study the spatial distribution of disease incidence at different geographical levels. Often, spatial data are available in the form of aggregation at multiple scale levels such as census tract, county, and state. When data are aggregated from a fine (e.g., county) to a coarse (e.g., state) geographical level, there will be loss of information. The problem is more challenging when excessive zeros are available at the fine level. After data aggregation, the excessive zeros at the fine level will be reduced at the coarse level. If we ignore the zero inflation and the aggregation effect, we could get inconsistent risk estimates at the fine and coarse levels. Hence, in this paper, we address those problems using zero‐inflated multiscale models that jointly describe the risk variations at different geographical levels. For the excessive zeros at the fine level, we use a zero‐inflated convolution model, whereas we consider a regular convolution model for the smoothed data at the coarse level. These methods provide a consistent risk estimate at the fine and coarse levels when high percentages of structural zeros are present in the data.
Forecasting using alternative measures of model‐free option‐implied volatility
Authors: Yao Xingzhi , Izzeldin Marwan
Published: October 2017

This paper evaluates the performance of various measures of model‐free implied volatility in predicting returns and realized volatility. The critical role of the out‐of‐the money call options is highlighted through an investigation of the relevance of different components of the model‐free implied volatility. The Monte Carlo simulations show that: first, volatility forecasting performance of various measures can be enhanced by employing an interpolation‐extrapolation technique; second, for most measures considered, gains in their predictive power for future returns can be obtained by implementing an interpolation procedure. An empirical application using SPX options recorded from 2003 to 2013 further illustrates these claims.