bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disruption of information technology and farming empowerment strategies in Indonesia
Authors: Kifli G C , Mani L , Slameto S , Kilmanun J C , Puspitasari M
Published: March 2021

Disruption is a major change or critical point that occurs in the world today, which covers almost all aspects of life. It is characterized by the use of information technology. Indonesia is an agricultural country, in which around 25.89% of the population of the labour force works in agriculture in 2019. Generally, the agricultural system in Indonesia is still conventional and not connected and integrated yet with information technology. The research aims to identify the conditions of ownership and the level of accessibility of farmers to agricultural information technology. Another aim is to get a strategy for empowering farmers to improve accessibility to information technology. This study used a literature research method and a quantitative approach This research was carried out by a descriptive statistic. The results show that 62.41% of Indonesian population had used cell phones, but only 16.15% of the population worked in agriculture. Some farmers empowerment strategies were carried out with three approaches, namely through by optimizing the role of millennial youth farmers and increasing the ratio of smartphone ownership by the farmer through credit schemes. Finally, increasing applications in the smartphone for agriculture item.
Analysis of learning multimedia development needs for network infrastructure architecture
Authors: Lempas J F , Soenarto S
Published: March 2021

Analysis of the need for media is expected to help the school in terms of the use of technologies based on its development. The use of media in learning following the characteristics of students is one of the factors that support the media in the learning process. The need analysis of this media can be used as a reference for making decisions in using multimedia as one of the supporting factors of learning. Avoiding technological developments now is not an option, neither is learning. Inadequate interactive learning media learning is less effective. Analysis of the needs of this media can be one of the factors that support the media in the learning process. Based on the data that has been obtained, the researchers found the results of the achievement of targets from the analysis of the need for media in learning to be in the “needed” category. The results of this data processing confirm that the need for media in learning is “needed” to facilitate the learning process in the classroom.
Green city based industry 4.0 through Smart Urban Farming through IoT (SUFI) in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Izzuddin M A , Rachmawati Y , Hadi A
Published: March 2021

Major cities of the world have realized the importance of developing green-minded cities as part of dealing with global climate change. The concept of urban farming as one of the offer solutions that comes with a method of agricultural activities in the city by utilizing limited areas, such as the Surabaya area. as a busy city and a dense road traffic activity is one of the challenges of the Surabaya region in developing green space based on Regional Regulation number 7 of 2002 concerning the management of green open spaces. On the other hand, the development of information and communication technology has stepped in the industrial era 4.0, one of which is the presence of Internet of Things (IoT) technology based on Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. The method used in this paper is descriptive qualitative and experimental-based product development. The focus area of the analysis is the implementation of Regional Regulation 7/2002 and its implementation in the field, while the proposed product development is monitoring environmental parameters such as plant temperature, ambient humidity, soil moisture level and light intensity processed for automation control of urban agricultural irrigation. The results show that the Surabaya city government has consistently implemented the local regulation through various activities and is supported by all components of Surabaya residents, while the IoT-based product development shows that this technology can be applied and accepted by the Surabaya urban farming community.
The development of clean and healthy life behavior learning videos
Authors: Riska N , Handini M C , Asmawi M
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop a learning video media to increase the knowledge of clean and healthy living in kindergarten children in group B. This research conducted in three kindergartens in Banten Province, namely TK Al Aziz - Tangerang, TK Al Kautsar - Serang and Raudhatul Jannah - Cilegon. This research took place from January 2017 to June 2019. This research used the J. Moonen prototype development model. Learning evaluation is carried out in stages, namely expert reviews consisting of learning design experts, material experts, and instructional media experts. After reviewing from experts, I continued with one to one trials, small group trials, and field tests for kindergarten B group children. Based on the trial, the results of the development were obtained, which proved that learning video products are suitable for media use in improving knowledge of the clean and healthy life of children. The novelty of this research is to produce an appropriate and exciting healthy living behavior (HLB) Learning Media Video for teachers to use in conducting teaching and learning activities in schools, which consists of 4 episodes of HLB at the end of each episode reinforced by an expert reviewing the core of each chapter and also equipped with music as an introduction.
Development of science comics as information media
Authors: Hamidah N , Pramadi A , Sholikha M , Maspupah M
Published: March 2021

Science comics is one of information media that promote science studies among professionals and children by pictures. The purpose of this study was to develop and produce science comics as a means of knowledge information. The development process of science comic was supported by drawing tablets, SAI Paint Tool and Photoshop applications to produce e-comics. The results of the validation values of the material, presentation, language, and comic graphics were 89.3 with a’very decent’ category. Science comics resulting from this development were deemed very appropriate for use as a medium of information.
Modification of Game Agent using Genetic Algorithm in Card Battle game
Authors: Phillip N A , Permana S D H , Cendana M
Published: March 2021

Game Agent is currently being developed to be an opponent in the game, including games with the Card Games genre. Game Agents on traditional Card Games - such as poker, dominoes, or mahjong cards - have abilities that depend on the value of the cards, but the ability of these Game Agents will not be optimal if used in the Card Battle game. This is because Card Battle has many attributes that must be processed to become opponents. Therefore, this research modifies the Game Agent with Genetic Algorithm to optimize the playing ability of the Game Agent in Card Battle. The computational stages and fitness formula of the Genetic Algorithm are adjusted to the Card Battle rules to increase the computational speed of the Genetic Algorithm. The results of this study prove that Game Agent modification of Genetic Algorithm provides a more optimal playing ability than its predecessor algorithm. Game Agent that has been modified has several abilities that are not owned by the previous Game Agent, such as issuing cards to attack opponents directly and storing SP (Summon Points) they have.
Optimization of application Impressed Current Cathodic Protection design on the jetty steel structure to corrosion control
Authors: Hakim B L , Subawi H , Taptajani D S
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses the case study of the impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system for jetty of barge loading conveyor (BLC). This impressed current cathodic protection system is corrosion mitigation using an inert anode and an electrical device: rectifier, voltmeter, DC source on the BLC structure, and jetty pile to provide accelerated corrosion protection to parts of the pipe submerged in seawater. In this study, a mapping of the service distribution of inert anode carried out so that it can protect the BLC structure and the pile. The results of the measurement of the structure potential and impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) at BLC jetty considered to meet the protection criteria according to ISO 15589-2: 2012 standards. The obtained measurement results are in the range between -842 mV to -1197 mV (Ag/AgCl). The results of inspections and measurement of the output of the transformer rectifier show the total output current is safe.
Wood fiber modelling using stochastic models
Authors: Afrianti Y S , Pasaribu U S , Latief F D E , Ardy H
Published: March 2021

Various kinds of materials such as iron, wood, and concrete are very useful in human life. For example, the wood fiber can be used in building construction such as wall, roof, floor, as well as automotive interior. The design process of such materials is therefore still continuously researched and developed in order to create high quality products. To avoid excessive costs, it is essential to establish a non-destructive design technique of the macroscopic material. In this paper, the design technique of fibrous material using computer based modelling (virtual material design) as the realization of stochastic models will be investigated. In this model, the fiber can be stated as either a dilated curved lines, a chain of balls or cylinders with different cross-section. In this research, we will focus to investigate the image of Medium Density Fiber (MDF). It will be modelled as cylinders using the Poisson cylinder process with a rectangular cross-section. We also use Euler rotation and β-distribution to determine the position and orientation of the fibers in the system. Simulation software was conducted to verify the model. The result showed that the realization of fibers model is similar to the image of the wood fibers sample.
Study of pressure behaviour of a well near two intersecting faults
Authors: Fathaddin M T , Trihutomo F , Nugrahanti A , Bae W
Published: March 2021

A pressure builds up test was performed in a dry gas exploration well. According to geological data indicated that there are two intersecting faults near the well. The analysis result provided not only information of the reservoir characteristics such as average reservoir pressure, permeability, and formation damage, but also confirmation of the presence of those two intersecting faults. In this study, a reservoir simulator was used to model pressure build up test of a well located near two intersecting faults. The effect of several parameters namely the distance between well to the faults, flow rate, and reservoir pressure, on bottom hole pressure behaviour was observed. The simulation results showed that the effect of variation of the distance between well and faults as well as that of reservoir pressure on estimation of permeability and skin factor is not significant. While, the variation of flow rate may result in a significant deviation. If a constant flow rate cannot be maintained during flowing period of the pressure build up test.
Compaction of soil materials using kaolinite soil with concrete waste mix
Authors: Hutama K Y , Candra A I , Kamalika M , Pramudya H D , Pratiwi E N , Rahma A , Nurzi I
Published: March 2021

Constructions of buildings above ground level Clay is one of the most common problems in construction in many parts of the world. Soil is a basic element of construction work, both roads, and buildings. Unstable soil can cause damage that occurs on the road, such as a bumpy road surface, This land problem is not limited to surface movement, but it covers the whole, such as depreciation and soil development. Compaction is done to reduce the volume of soil grains. Soil compaction aims to increase the weight of dry volume, reduce soil subsidence, reduce soil plasticity, reduce volume changes as a result of changes in water content. This research, a standard proctor test, was carried out by adding concrete waste to the clay. Addition [1] of concrete waste with variations of 5%, 10%, 20%, obtained dry weight (1.58), (1.65), (1.61). The research showed that the addition of 10% of concrete waste obtained an optimum dry weight of 1.65 with a moisture content of 10%.
Failure investigation of Reheat Cross Section and Rear Screen Wall Tubes of 600 MW coal power plant
Authors: Nugraha A D , Sitanggang R B , Supriyanto E
Published: March 2021

Tube material that is operated at high temperatures has a higher possibility of failure, due to the addition of temperature and also influenced by the corrosive environment, pressure, and static-dynamic stress. The rupture occurred in the Rear Screen Wall and Reheat Cross Section Tubes that disruptive the performance of the overall Boiler. It was urgently needed to analyze the cause of the rupture. The material tube needs to be prepared to test in the laboratory. The analysis methods were through mechanical tests which are visual observation, fractography, hardness test, metallography or microstructure examination, and deposit analysis. The results showed that the Reheater Cross Section tube leakage caused by the formation of macro cracks that have been spread along the tube, compounded by flue gas erosion on the outer of the tube. On the other hand, Rear Screen Wall tube leakage caused by thinning from the outside of the tube, it occurred as a result of erosion of the flue gas and bursts from the Reheater Cross Section tube that leaked.
Effect of use of co-surfactant with thermal stability
Authors: Vindy F S , Setiati R , Syahnoedi U , Alli Y F
Published: March 2021

Co-surfactants have an important role to increase oil and reduce the tension between the interface of oil and water. The purpose of this research use of co-surfactants and thermal stability at the laboratory scale. The surfactants used in this study are ABS, MES and SCI with a concentration of 0.3%. The ingredients used were Aquades, NaCL and EGBE. The equipment used in the thermal stability test was the Oven. The thermal stability testing was carried out by the surfactant for 30 days then heated at a temperature of 60°C according to reservoir conditions. Success in testing thermal stability considers compatibility with thermal stability. ABS surfactant on day 1 contained an oil layer while for days 3 to 30 the compatibility was clear and the IFT value obtained was 10-2 dyne/cm. SCI surfactant observation day 3 and 7 day compatibility oil layer so it doesnt resistance to heat stability while on days 1 to 30 the compatibility is clear and the IFT value obtained is 10-2 dyne/cm. MES surfactant observations from day 1 to day 30 obtained a compatible solution and the resulting IFT value is 10-2 dyne/cm but 21 day observation the IFT value obtained is 10−3 dyne/cm. So the surfactant compatible with the use of co-surfactants can affect thermal stability.
Slope stability analysis using bishop method and kinematic analysis
Authors: Nasution S N , Rachman S , Pramudito H
Published: March 2021

Mining activity, especially open-pit mining, has caused an effect on the nearby environment. One of the most visible impacts caused by mining activity is the change in the nearby landscape. Steep slopes are common in open-pit mining area, thus the chance of landslides happening is high. To determine areas that are prone to landslides, the analysis of slope stability in the mining area is deemed necessary. “Bishop” methodology is used to determine the safety factor (SF) with the aid of “Rocscience Slide” software using “Mohr-Coulomb” strength type, with weight, cohesion, and friction angle as units in the parameter. And then a kinematic analysis is done by Stereonet projection in “Dips” software to determine the type of landslide. The safety factor value gained from the calculation is 1.112, and then after the treatment of slopes has been done, the safety factor value increases to 1.772, when referring to the bowless classification, which SF value> 1.25, it can be said that this slope is in a stable condition. After kinematic analysis had been done the type of landslide determined is “Wedge”. So it can be concluded that the slope on the east side of the pit is not safe, with a possibility of a Wedge type landslide occurring. But by changing its geometry we can produce a Safety Factor value that is considered safe.
A paper based colorimeter using smartphone light sensor
Authors: Nuryantini A Y , Nuryadin B W , Umairoh U
Published: March 2021

A paper-based colorimeter for absorbance and concentration measurement of the food colouring dye is proposed. The paper-based colorimeter system consists of a white LED as light source, paper-based cuvette holder, and smartphone light sensor. The paper-based colorimeter with smartphone light sensor is low-cost, mobile and real-time for the detection of colouring dye concentration. The detection response of the paper-based colorimeter system was found to be linear with the colouring dye concentration in the range from 0 to 0.025 g/mL with a correlation coefficient (R2) 0.89±0.04. The experimental results show that this paper-based colorimeter system is highly sensitive and have a potential application, from student labs to small industries.
Absorbance dependence of ZnO thin films on post-heating temperature
Authors: Sugihartono I , Putri A R , Tiam T S , Cahyana U , Handoko E , Budi S , Fahdiran R , Rustana C , Susila A B , Budi E
Published: March 2021

We have prepared ZnO thin films on indium tin oxide (ITO) glasses using dip-coating at room temperature. Post-heating has been performed by different temperatures i.e. 450 °C, 500 °C, 550 °C, and 600 °C under atmosphere ambient. The effect of post-heating temperature on the structural properties and absorbance of ZnO thin films have been investigated. Structurally, we observed ZnO thin films under a post-heating temperature of 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C have polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure. Meanwhile, at the temperature of 600 °C, it has an amorphous structure. Optical absorbance spectra of ZnO thin films confirmed that amorphous structure has the highest intensity compared to polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure.
Microstructural and mechanical characteristic of ceramic composite coating developed by electrophoretic deposition
Authors: Desiati R D , Anawati A , Sugiarti E
Published: March 2021

Ceramic-composite coating consisted of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ), Fe2O3 and aluminum powder has been successfully formed on Inconel 625 substrate by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The coating density depends not only on the stability of the EPD suspension but also on the applied voltage. In the present study, a single stage voltage treatment at 60V and a two-stage voltage treatment at 30V followed by 60V of the EPD were used. A fresh green body of ceramic coating was dried at room temperature for 24 hours prior to heat-treated at temperature of 1200 °C for 4 hours with heating rate of 2°C/min using horizontal heated furnace under argon gas inert. The effect of single- and two-stage treatments on the microstructural and mechanical hardness of the coating were investigated by Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy and Vickers hardness test, respectively. The elemental composition of the coating was analysed by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and the crystalline phases were identified by x-ray diffractometer. The results showed that a less porous structure, and therefore, higher hardness was observed on the coating formed by a two-stage voltage than that of resulting from a single-stage voltage. The crystalline phase formed on the coatings was dominated by a tetragonal phase of ZrO2.
Student perceptions on air conditioning practicum services in vocational education
Authors: Berman E T , Hamidah I , Mulyanti B , Setiawan A
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine student perceptions of air conditioning practicum services in vocational education. The scope of practicum services study is laboratory facilities, human resources, and laboratory support components. This study uses survey methods to obtain data and quantitative descriptive methods to analyze data. The type of data in this study is mainly based on the responses of respondents representing the population of refrigeration and air conditioning study programs at a vocational education institution in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The results show that laboratories in vocational education can serve air conditioning practicum with good results. This study shows that laboratory facilities, human resources, and laboratory support components in vocational education can accommodate the implementation of air conditioning practices. In general, students stated that air conditioning practicum activities in the laboratory could be carried out well, even though the ratio between the number of equipment and students was still low and the evaluation of practicum activities was not yet comprehensive.
Investigation of the draft tube variations against the first stage and the second stage flow of banki turbine
Authors: Sirojuddin S , Wardhana L K , Kholil A
Published: March 2021

Cross Flow Turbine usually for micro hydro-electrical power plant application especially for isolated areas. Increasing power efficiency still the most interesting topic for researches. One of the method to increase it was to control the inflow of water from the first stage to the second stage of banki blades to be a good flow trajectory and did not strike the shaft using a draft tube. This research aimed to investigate the draft tube length variations against the flow from the first stage to the second stage of Banki turbine, so that good flow trajectory, uniform color velocity contour and avoid shaft struck could be obtained. There were 2 variants runner casing and 3 variants length of draft tube, 140 mm, 240 mm, and 340 mm. The 2D and 3D geometry were drawn in CAD software, while Flow Simulation test using Solidwork Flow Simulation with a discharge of water 2 m3/min and head 5.5 m. From simulation results, shown that the second variant C2-2 was the highest efficiency and the best flow trajectory.
Dehydrogenation of ammonia for electricity production: Effect of recirculation fraction
Authors: Juangsa F B , Darmanto P S , Aziz M
Published: March 2021

Hydrogen (H2) has been widely studied as a promising energy carrier. However, H2 has a challenging technology in the storage and transportation. Since, it is a critical technology for H2 energy system implementation, the H2 storage and transportation is remain to be solved. This work proposes an integrated system of energy utilization of ammonia (NH3), which has been known as one of the promising methods of H2 storage. The system includes the decomposition of ammonia (NH3) through thermo-catalytic process and also power generation process using H2 as fuel. The heat generated from oxy-fuel combustion of H2 is utilized to supply the thermal energy required for the endothermic process of NH3 decomposition, and the remaining heat is converted to electricity by a combined cycle. A portion of exhaust gas is recirculated to the combustion chamber, and the heat circulation of the system is designed and optimized based on enhanced process integration (EPI), resulting in a highly efficient system. The result shows an optimum configuration of the integrated system with a recirculation fraction of 0.5-0.55, which is resulting in high system efficiency of 51.4%. The proposed work demonstrated an integrated system of H2-based energy utilization of NH3 with CO2-free while maintaining a highly efficient system.
Stress distribution analysis for material and design optimization of 500 Watt wind turbine
Authors: Aditama F , Rahmanta M A , Oka B
Published: March 2021

Wind turbine blade with capacity 500 Watt was chosen to be developed with consideration it is easy in making and installation so that it is suitable for use in remote areas. This blade is made with wood, fiberglass, and fibercarbon. To find out the performance and reliability of wind turbine blades, it is necessary to do prototype testing of wind turbine rotor blade aerofoil in wind tunnel. However, there are concern of damage to the prototype because the power of the aerofoil material is not yet known to withstand the maximum load arising from the velocity of the air flow. Therefore, to determine the maximum limit of air velocity, it is necessary to do a non-destructive study with a fluid dynamics simulation method based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The simulation is focused on the blades of the wind turbine which are subjected to air flow (wind) with varying speeds. In this study numerical simulations of fluid dynamics is run around the turbine blades to obtain data on the distribution of forces and moments acting on the turbine blades, at various prices of wind speed. The results of the study resulted the value of the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient is relatively constant at all variations of speed. Large drag and lift forces on the blades increase with increasing wind speed. Likewise, the deflection moment increases with increasing wind speed. Drag force on the bar is greater than the lift force which means the deflection moment due to drag force is greater than the deflection moment due to the lift force. Pressure coefficient values vary along the blade with the maximum value in front of the blade surface and the minimum value behind the blade surface. The value obtained from the simulation combined with material testing then can be used as a reference value in wind tunnel testing.
The performance of wire mesh particulate type trap to reduce smoke opacity from compression-ignition engine
Authors: Warju W , Muliatna I M , Susila I W , Ariyanto S R , Nurtanto M
Published: March 2021

Soot, as a material that forms PM emissions, is generally composed of solid carbon particles resulting from combustion. The PM is then managed by absorbed and condensed organic composition. PM is a hazardous emission for health, especially a very subtle one like PM 2.5. This type of PM can enter without passing through filtering in the respiratory system so that it can interfere with the function of the function in the gas exchange. One of the technologies offered is a diesel particulate trap (DPT), where this technology has the potential to carry out the filtration of more than 95%. One of the technologies provided is a diesel particulate trap (DPT), where this technology has the potential to carry out the filtration of more than 95%. The purpose of this study is to screen PM and measure the extent of DPT efficiency used in diesel engine vehicles. This study uses SNI 09-7118.2-2005 as the testing standard for the Isuzu C190 diesel engine. The test is carried out by accelerating the engine under no-load conditions according to SAE-J11667 standards. The main finding of this research is that the use of DPT can reduce smoke from 85.4% to 98.4%. Thus it was concluded that the DPT could be applied to diesel engines to be able to support various programs related to sustainable development.
Crispness measurement of potato crisps by single specimen using compression test
Authors: Aprilia G E , Triawan F , Saville R
Published: March 2021

Commonly, crispy characteristic is the desirable texture of dry food, especially in crisp products. The term crispness itself is qualitatively determined by the perception of human sensory. Thus, a quantitative expression is needed. The present work introduces a study to analyze the correlation between the crispness and compressive mechanical behavior of potato crisps as a preliminary step to quantify crispness level of crisp products. Potato crisp samples were exposed to room air in several specific durations. The crisp samples were assessed one by one by running a uniaxial compression test using two parallel plates. The load and displacement curve relationship were measured simultaneously during crisp deformation at a constant speed. The result indicated that there is a relationship between the crispness of the crisps and the strain energy up to 10% strain. Yet, the result has not perfectly mimicked the apparent crispness of the samples. This analysis is expected to contribute to the food engineering field in terms of crispness quantification of a dry food.
Development of sorting system for plastic bottle waste management
Authors: Maulidati N , Cahyo A D N , Djamari D W , Fikri M R , Triawan F
Published: March 2021

This work studies the method of sorting plastic bottles-waste. Currently, the recycling treatment for a different type of plastic bottle wastes is similar although they are made of different plastic material. The disadvantage of the current method is that the produced plastic is an unknown type of plastics. To perform recycling treatment of similar types of plastic bottle waste, the plastic-bottle waste needs to be sorted based on their material characteristics. We propose a sorting method of the plastic-bottle waste by using a barcode scanner. A database on plastic-bottle waste based on their barcode number, which then categorized their material characteristics, is first created. In this paper, the diagram of the sorting process is given.
Component design concept of hydraulic gear pressing machine for plastic bottle waste recycle
Authors: suryani I O , Nadia C I S , Sinugroho D S , Triawan F
Published: March 2021

Continuous increment of plastic bottle waste creates new problems of space-consuming both in landfills and the ocean. Hence, plastic bottle waste recycling process and volume reduction are needed. This paper proposes a component design concept of a pressing machine to press plastic bottle wastes for volume reduction purpose. The proposed design essentially brings a concept of combining hydraulic and gear power to produce the pressing mechanism. Some boundary conditions were applied, such as force magnification, weight, and dimension; thus, the machine can be portable because of small scale dimension and light weight. Furthermore, the machine can be used as a demonstration machine for education purpose.
The effect of layer orientation angle and its increasing on mechanical properties of laminated material: A numerical study
Authors: Premono A , Adyaksa K M P , Sukarno R
Published: March 2021

The mechanical properties of a laminated material due to different layer orientation angle and pattern of layers are simulated using the finite element method. The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of the different layer orientation angles and patterns on the mechanical properties of laminated material. Stainless steel laminated with epoxy carbon is used in this study. The model is a rectangle plate with 150 mm in length, 80 mm in width, and 4 mm in thickness. Linear static finite element analyses with 0,63 MPa normal force is applied to the three various models with different layer orientation angles and patterns. The results show that different layer orientation angles and numbers affect the mechanical properties of the material.
Reverse engineering method to build automatic flouring gauge machine
Authors: Budijono A P , Syah S S , Kurniawan W D , Habib B N
Published: March 2021

Reverse engineering in development product is the process to re-measure existing peoduct to gain information on it, then redesign the CAD model. It represents geometric shapes and other information of the original one’s and used for analyzing, recovery, production, and testing. The model that is created using reverse engineering are for various reasons including to design tool for the production of a copy of an object, to study the concept of an existing design, or to analyze the design for improvement. In this research, it will be re-modeling the automatic flour gauge machine after reviewing the working principle of the machine. The components that will be analyzed and redesigned are: 1) Hooper design for repairing and cleaning operations, 2) Auger design to overcome the fall of flour droplets from the output hole, 3) The design of the Steering Agitator to overcome the nature of the flour adhering to the wall and maintain the flowrate of the flour. The method used were: 1) Determination of Reverse Engineering Components, 2) Identification of Components, 3) Three (3) Dimensional-Component Design. The result showed after the modification of flour in the tube was denser so that it would increase the precision in the filling process, this was because the flowrate became more stable.
Seaweed gel utilization in wet battery
Authors: Susilawati S , Zamzami R , Buchori A S , Yudiyanto O
Published: March 2021

The weaknesses of wet batteries that require extra attention in maintenance such as having to routinely check and add water batteries, less stable voltage, water batteries can spill out and damage the body of a car or motorcycle, and water batteries can cause itching and irritation when touched by the skin. This study aims to determine the potential of seaweed powder as a gel that is added to a wet battery and functions like a dry battery. The method used is: data collection, concept design, manufacturing process, testing. The results of the study were obtained that the wet battery can function like a dry battery so that it does not need to refill the battery water anymore and the results of the battery voltage measurement using an avometer show the number 12.6 volts.
Repairing slight damages on monocrystalline silicon surface by thermal annealing
Authors: Feng Chengqiang , Wu Lei , Chen Peng , Yang Tingting , Yu Bingjun , Qian Linmao
Published: March 2021

The damages on silicon substrate, usually caused by machining and polishing processes, inevitably degrade the mechanical and electrical properties of the devices involved. Defect-free silicon substrates are essential with the miniaturization of integrated circuits to tens of nanometers, and repairing the damages is significant for manufacturing excellent devices. In this study, the slight damages, i.e. protrusive hillocks resulting from nanoscratching on monocrystalline silicon surface, was thermally annealed in vacuum for repairing, and groove-shaped scratches were also annealed for comparative study. In-situ topographies of the hillocks before and after the annealing were detected with an atomic force microscope (AFM), and then compared for finding the optimum annealing temperature. It is shown that the protrusive hillocks can be well repaired than the groove-shaped scratches. The repairing with annealing process was further verified by conductive AFM detection and selective etching in hydrofluoric acid solution. Raman spectroscopy detection was employed to clarify the annealing-dependent recovering mechanism of the damages on silicon surface, and it is suggested that structural transformation plays an important role in the repairing. In addition, the annealing of the hillocks on single-crystal quartz surface confirmed the structural recovery rather than the oxidation during annealing.
Effect of different preform structures on interfacial microstructure and wear properties of WC/Fe composites material
Authors: Li Zulai , Wang Xingyu , Zhang Fei , Shan Quan , Zhang Zhexuan , Zhao Wei
Published: March 2021

The WC preform was prepared by vacuum sintering, and a WC/Fe composite was obtained by an infiltration casting process with different preform structures. The microstructure of the composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD), and the wear properties of the three-body abrasives were further studied. The temperature field and solid-liquid variable field of the WC/Fe composite were simulated using finite element software. The results show that the microstructure of the WC/Fe composite contains WC, Ni3Fe, Ni17W3, Fe3W3C, and M7C3 carbides. With an increase in the preform column spacing from 10 mm to 20 mm, the width of the transition layer of the WC/Fe composite increased, and the hardness increased from 749 HV to 853 HV. The mass loss of the WC/Fe composite decreased initially and then increased with an increase in the preform column spacing. The microstructure and wear resistance of materials are related to the W content in the transition layer, and the diffusion behavior of W is affected by the diffusion distance and time.
The synthesis of black phosphorus: from zero- to three-dimensional nanostructures
Authors: Dinh Khang Ngoc , Zhang Yu , Sun Wenping
Published: March 2021

The discovery of monolayered black phosphorus (phosphorene) in 2014 gives rise to enormous research enthusiasm for its unique electrical and physicochemical properties. Since then, the applications of black phosphorus and its nanostructures have been extended to various fields covering field effect transistors, rechargeable batteries, electrocatalysis, sensors, thermoelectric materials, and so forth. However, controllable and scalable synthesis of BP and its nanostructures remains a challenge. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of the progress towards the synthesis of bulk BP and its typical nanostructured counterparts, including the 0D BP (quantum dots), 1D BP (nano/micro-belts), 2D BP (phosphorene), and 3D BP (sponges). Special focus will be made on the various synthetic methods, the characterizations of products, and the corresponding necessary improvements. We close the review with a look at the challenges and perspectives regarding future studies.
Operando x-ray absorption spectroscopy on battery materials: a review of recent developments
Authors: Ghigna Paolo , Quartarone Eliana
Published: March 2021

Although batteries represent a key tool for sustainable development, their working processes, in terms of reaction mechanisms, side reactions, ion transport and formation of a solid–electrolyte interface, are not yet fully understood. In this respect, operando experiments are of enormous importance for providing hints on the relevant chemical species that form ‘while a battery is working’. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has for a long time been the standard in the investigation of local structures of materials. In this regard, applied operando can provide invaluable information on the working mechanisms of batteries. In this review, after introductory paragraphs concerning battery chemistry and the principles of XAS, some of the most important developments in operando XAS applied to battery science are considered. Emphasis is given to Li-metal, Na-ion, Li/sulfur and all solid-state batteries. Related and advanced techniques, such as resonant inelastic x-ray scattering and high-resolution fluorescence-detected x-ray absorption spectroscopy are discussed as well. Suggestions are offered for planning an XAS experiment at the synchrotron radiation source, and finally, some considerations concerning future developments are presented.
Transitions in random graphs of fixed degrees with many short cycles
Authors: Aguirre López Fabián , Coolen Anthony C C
Published: March 2021

We analyze maximum entropy random graph ensembles with constrained degrees, drawn from arbitrary degree distributions, and a tuneable number of three-cycles (triangles). We find that such ensembles generally exhibit two transitions, a clustering and a shattering transition, separating three distinct regimes. At the clustering transition, the graphs change from typically having only isolated cycles to forming cycle clusters. At the shattering transition the graphs break up into many small cliques to achieve the desired three-cycle density. The locations of both transitions depend nontrivially on the system size. We derive a general formula for the three-cycle density in the regime of isolated cycles, for graphs with degree distributions that have finite first and second moments. For bounded degree distributions we present further analytical results on cycle densities and phase transition locations, which, while non-rigorous, are all validated via MCMC sampling simulations. We show that the shattering transition is of an entropic nature, occurring for all three-cycle density values, provided the system is large enough.
Exploring Abstract Semantic Associations in the Frontotemporal Dementia Spectrum in a Dutch Population
Authors: Poos J M , van den Berg E , Visch-Brink E , Eikelboom W S , Franzen S , van Hemmen J , Pijnenburg Y A L , Satoer D , Dopper E G P , van Swieten J C , Papma J M , Seelaar H , Jiskoot L C
Published: March 2021

Objective

To investigate the differential ability of the “Test Relaties Abstracte Concepten” (TRACE), a Dutch test for abstract semantic knowledge, in frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

Methods

The TRACE was administered in patients with behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD; n = 16), nonfluent variant (nfvPPA; n = 10), logopenic variant (lvPPA; n = 10), and semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA; n = 9), and controls (n = 59). We examined group differences, performed correlational analyses with other neuropsychological tests and investigated discriminative ability. We compared the TRACE with a semantic association test for concrete stimuli (SAT).

Results

All patient groups, except nfvPPA, performed worse on the TRACE than controls (p < .01). svPPA patients performed worse than the other patient groups (p < .05). The TRACE discriminated well between patient groups, except nfvPPA, versus controls (all p < .01) and between svPPA versus other patient groups with high sensitivity (75–100%) and specificity (86%–92%). In bvFTD and nfvPPA the TRACE correlated with language tests (ρ > 0.6), whereas in svPPA the concrete task correlated (ρ ≥ 0.75) with language tests. Patients with bvFTD, nfvPPA and lvPPA performed lower on the TRACE than the SAT (p < .05), whereas patients with svPPA were equally impaired on both tasks (p = .2).

Discussion

We demonstrated impaired abstract semantic knowledge in patients with bvFTD, lvPPA, and svPPA, but not nfvPPA, with svPPA patients performing worse than the other subtypes. The TRACE was a good classifier between each patient group versus controls and between svPPA versus other patient groups. This highlights the value of incorporating semantic tests with abstract stimuli into standard neuropsychological assessment for early differential diagnosis of FTD subtypes.
Industry Payments to Plastic Surgeons: What Has Changed Over the Last 6 Years Following Implementation of the Physician Payments Sunshine Act?
Authors: Pettit Rowland W , Kaplan Jordan , Delancy Matthew M , Reece Edward , Winocour Sebastian , Offodile Anaeze C , Kumar Anand , Chu Carrie K
Published: March 2021

Background

The Open Payments Program, as designated by the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, is the single largest repository of industry payments made to licensed physicians within the United States. Though sizeable in its dataset, the database and user interface are limited in their ability to permit expansive data interpretation and summarization.

Objectives

The authors sought to comprehensively compare industry payments made to plastic surgeons with payments made to all surgeons and all physicians to elucidate industry relationships since implementation.

Methods

The Open Payments Database was queried between 2014 and 2019, and inclusion criteria were applied. These data were evaluated in aggregate and for yearly totals, payment type, and geographic distribution.

Results

A total 61,000,728 unique payments totaling $11,815,248,549 were identified over the 6-year study period; 9089 plastic surgeons, 121,151 surgeons, and 796,260 total physicians received these payments. Plastic surgeons annually received significantly less payment than all surgeons (P = 0.0005). However, plastic surgeons did not receive significantly more payment than all physicians (P = 0.0840). Cash and cash equivalents proved to be the most common form of payment; stock and stock options were least commonly transferred. Plastic surgeons in Tennessee received the most in payments between 2014 and 2019 (mean $76,420.75). California had the greatest number of plastic surgeons who received payments (1452 surgeons).

Conclusions

Plastic surgeons received more in industry payments than the average of all physicians but received less than all surgeons. The most common payment was cash transactions. Over the past 6 years, geographic trends in industry payments have remained stable.
Improving Single-Cell RNA-seq Clustering by Integrating Pathways
Authors: Zhang Chenxing , Gao Lin , Wang Bingbo , Gao Yong
Published: March 2021

Single-cell clustering is an important part of analyzing single-cell RNA-sequencing data. However, the accuracy and robustness of existing methods are disturbed by noise. One promising approach for addressing this challenge is integrating pathway information, which can alleviate noise and improve performance. In this work, we studied the impact on accuracy and robustness of existing single-cell clustering methods by integrating pathways. We collected 10 state-of-the-art single-cell clustering methods, 26 scRNA-seq datasets and four pathway databases, combined the AUCell method and the similarity network fusion to integrate pathway data and scRNA-seq data, and introduced three accuracy indicators, three noise generation strategies and robustness indicators. Experiments on this framework showed that integrating pathways can significantly improve the accuracy and robustness of most single-cell clustering methods.
Exploring effectiveness of ab-initio protein–protein docking methods on a novel antibacterial protein complex dataset
Authors: Zhang Wei , Meng Qiaozhen , Tang Jijun , Guo Fei
Published: March 2021

Diseases caused by bacterial infections become a critical problem in public heath. Antibiotic, the traditional treatment, gradually loses their effectiveness due to the resistance. Meanwhile, antibacterial proteins attract more attention because of broad spectrum and little harm to host cells. Therefore, exploring new effective antibacterial proteins is urgent and necessary. In this paper, we are committed to evaluating the effectiveness of ab-initio docking methods in antibacterial protein–protein docking. For this purpose, we constructed a three-dimensional (3D) structure dataset of antibacterial protein complex, called APCset, which contained $19$ protein complexes whose receptors or ligands are homologous to antibacterial peptides from Antimicrobial Peptide Database. Then we selected five representative ab-initio protein–protein docking tools including ZDOCK3.0.2, FRODOCK3.0, ATTRACT, PatchDock and Rosetta to identify these complexes’ structure, whose performance differences were obtained by analyzing from five aspects, including top/best pose, first hit, success rate, average hit count and running time. Finally, according to different requirements, we assessed and recommended relatively efficient protein–protein docking tools. In terms of computational efficiency and performance, ZDOCK was more suitable as preferred computational tool, with average running time of $6.144$ minutes, average Fnat of best pose of $0.953$ and average rank of best pose of $4.158$. Meanwhile, ZDOCK still yielded better performance on Benchmark 5.0, which proved ZDOCK was effective in performing docking on large-scale dataset. Our survey can offer insights into the research on the treatment of bacterial infections by utilizing the appropriate docking methods.