bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cladistic analysis of Diopsidae (Diptera) based on morphological and DNA sequence data
Authors: Baker Richard , Meier Rudolf
Published: July 2010

The results of a cladistic analysis based on a combined character matrix consisting of the morphological data set of Meier & Hilger (2000) and the molecular data set of Baker & al. (2001) is presented. The data set is subjected to an extensive sensitivity analysis and equal character weighting is found to perform best according to character incongruence and tree support. The sensitivity analysis also reveals a remarkable stability of the preferred tree with 25 of the 36 tree nodes supported under 16 different analysis conditions. Cyrtodiopsis is synonymized with Teleopsis and Shillito's (1971) synonymization of Trichodiopsis and Chaetodiopsis with Diasemopsis is confirmed. Morphological and DNA sequence data agree on all major clades and conflict is restricted to the placement of two species within their respective genera. Only in one case can the conflict be confidently resolved. Partitioned Bremer Support values reveal that 90% of the tree support is generated by the DNA sequence characters, although the average morphological character contributes twice the support of an average molecular character. The evolution of eye-stalk morphology and of a meiotic drive chromosome system in Teleopsis is briefly discussed in the light of the phylogenetic tree.
Review of the North American Heteraphorura Bagnall, 1948 (Collembola: Onychiuridae) with description of two new species
Authors: Pomorski Romuald J.
Published: July 2010

A new supplemented diagnosis of Heteraphorura Bagnall, 1948 is provided. The genus Japonychiurus Yosii, 1996 is a junior synonym of Heteraphorura. Two new species are described: H. justynae sp. n. and H. intricata sp. n. H. subtenuis (Folsom, 1917), H. tala (Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980), H. bima (Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980), H. cassa (Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980) are redescribed on the basis of types and new materials. An identification key to the North American members of the genus is given.
A revision of the shore-fly genus Philotelma Becker (Diptera: Ephydridae)
Authors: Kubátová-Hiršová Hana , Mathis Wayne , Zatwarnicki Taduesz
Published: July 2010

All known shore-fly species (5) of the genus Philotelma Becker are revised, including P. tecopa, new species (California. Inyo: Tecopa Hot Spring (36°52.7'N, 116°13.9'W)). Philotelma is only known from the Northern Hemisphere, and the included species are generally more widespread than previously known. With discovery that some species are more widespread and correction of the identification of others, the following new synonymies are proposed: P. alaskense Cresson = P. defectum (Haliday) and P. strandi Duda and P. tamarani Zatwarnicki & Báez = P. parvum (Kramer). The Afrotropical species, Philotelma mirabilis Canzoneri & Meneghini, is transferred to the genus Lamproscatella Hendel (new combination). A lectotype is designated for Ephydra defecta Haliday. For perspective and to facilitate identification, a key to the genera of Scatellini is provided. All species are illustrated and distribution maps are also provided.
The tusked king cricket, Libanasidus vittatus (Kirby, 1899) (Anostostomatidae), from South Africa: morphological and molecular evidence suggest two cryptic species
Authors: Chimimba Christian , Bateman Philip , Bastos Armanda , Brettschneider Helene , Scholtz Clarke
Published: July 2010

An evaluation of genetic structuring and morphometric variation within tusked king crickets, Libanasidus vittatus (Kirby, 1899), from South Africa suggests two main population assemblages. Maximum likelihood (ML), Parsimony, Bayesian and phenetic analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequence data recovered two well-supported clades corresponding to two biogeographically distinct populations. Canonical variates (discriminant) analysis (CVA) also showed evidence of two phenetic assemblages that correspond to the genetically delineated groups. Libanasidus vittatus is the recognized species occurring within an eastern population in South Africa (Mpumalanga and Eastern Cape Provinces), while a possible novel species occurs within a north–western population in South Africa (Limpopo and Gauteng Provinces). Using a molecular clock estimate of 2.0% divergence per million years, suggests isolation of the two populations at approx. 1.65 million years ago, possibly due to the formation of isolating forest pockets during the dry Pleistocene Epoch. The average genetic divergence of 3.3% between the two populations, and low migration rate estimates corresponding to less than one female migration per generation further support the presence of two cryptic tusked king cricket species in South Africa.
Phylogenetic analysis of Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) based on molecular data and morphological characters of adults and immature stages
Authors: Bernhard Detlef , Beutel Rolf , Komarek Albrecht , Ribera Ignacio
Published: July 2010

An extensive combined data set comprising 160 morphological characters of adults and immature stages of Hydrophiloidea and sequences of six different genes were analysed using parsimony and a Bayesian approach. Analyses were carried out with equal weight for individual morphological and molecular characters, and alternatively with approximately equivalent weight for the entire partitions, i.e., 147 informative morphological characters × 9.5 ≈ 1383 informative molecular characters. With the former approach some conventional groups such as the histeroid lineage (Histeridae and Sphaeritidae), Helophorinae and Sphaeridiinae were recovered. However, the branching pattern as a whole is strongly in contrast to the results of previous studies. The results obtained with the modified weighting scheme (9.5:1) conform more to morphology based analyses. The monophyly of Hydrophiloidea, Histeridae + Sphaeritidae, Epimetopinae + Georissinae, Helophorinae, Sphaeridiinae and of the hydrophiline-sphaeridiine lineage is supported in the parsimony analysis. Spercheinae is placed as sister group of all the remaining hydrophiloid groups and a clade is formed by the subfamilies Epimetopinae, Georissinae, Hydrochinae and Helophorinae. In the Bayesian analysis the monophyly of Hydrophilidae is supported. Georissinae form a clade with Hydrochinae, and Epimetopinae are placed as sister group of a clade comprising Spercheinae + the hydrophiline-sphaeridiine lineage. Berosus is placed as the sister group of the remaining groups of Hydrophilinae-Sphaeridiinae in both analyses, and Sphaeridiinae are always nested within a paraphyletic Hydrophilinae. The divergent results of the different analyses show that important questions in the phylogeny of Hydrophiloidea such as for instance the placement of Spercheinae are still open.
A new Afrotropical genus of Voriini, with remarks on related genera (Diptera: Tachinidae: Dexiinae)
Authors: Cerretti
Published: July 2010

The new Afrotropical genus Nardia gen. n. is described and compared with the closely related genera Plagiomima Brauer & Bergenstamm and Nanoplagia Villeneuve resurrected name (previously considered as a synonym of Plagiomima). Nardia tsavo sp. n. from Kenya is described and compared with the congeneric Nardia rufolateralis (Crosskey, 1984 ) comb. n. A discussion on phylogenetic and zoogeographical relationships between these genera is given.
First semi-aquatic bugs Mesoveliidae and Hebridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) in Miocene Dominican amber
Authors: Nel André , Garrouste Romain
Published: July 2010

Two new semiaquatic bugs of the families Mesoveliidae and Gerridae are described from the Middle Miocene Dominican amber, Mesovelia dominicana sp.n. and Miohebrus anderseni gen.n., sp.n. The former is the first fossil record of the extant genus Mesovelia and the second described fossil of the family Mesoveliidae (the first mesoveliid fossil record was from undescribed fossils in French Cretaceous amber). The latter is the second described fossil Hebridae.
Two New Species of Rhopalia Macq. from Afghanistan (Dipt. Mydaidae)
Authors: Lyneborg Leif
Published: July 2010

Rhopalia bequaerti n. sp. and Roldroydi n. sp. are described on the basis of material from Afghanistan. They are the first species of Mydaidae recorded from this country.
Notes on Six Little Known Tertiary Aphids (Hem. Aphidoidea)
Authors: Heie Ole E.
Published: July 2010

Redescriptions and notes on systematic position of six little known Tertiary aphids are given, viz. (I) Anconatus gillettei Cockerell, which is placed in Siphonophoroides Buckton, (2) Echinaphis rohweri Cockerell, which may be placed in the system near the common base of Greenideidae and Callaphididae, (3) Schizoneurites brevirostris Cockerell, which is allied with Antiquaphis Heie, (4) Tetraneura oligocenica N. Theobald, which is placed in Aixaphis nov. gen. among Aphidoidea viviovipara incertae sedis, (5) Tetraneura provincialis N. Theobald, whose belonging in Pemphigidae is doubtful, and (6) Schizoneura meunieri Heie (syn. S. patchi Meunier), which really may be a Schizoneura, but only a few morphological characters are known.
Notes on the Morphology of "Melanoid Females" in Syrphidae (Diptera)
Authors: Andersson Hugo
Published: July 2010

Some cases of "melanoid females" of the genera Platycheirus, Melanostoma, and Sphaerophoria are described and figured. All specimens show drastic abnormalities in the genital segments. Most obvious is a ring-shaped fusion of sternite and tergite in segment 7 which fusion is present in all the I3 specimens studied.
The Atomaria Species (Col. Cryptophagidae) of Madeira and the Canary Islands Including Data on the Wollaston Collections and Lectotype Designations for His Species
Authors: Johnson Colin
Published: July 2010

Of the twelve species of the genus Atomaria known from Madeira and/or the Canary Islands, six are endemics, and are apterous. They have no doubt evolved in situ. The eight species (excluding a replacement name) described by Wollaston are represented in the British Museum, one (pilosula) by the holotype, the remainder by lectotypes designated by the writer. Five of Wollaston's names are valid. A timetable of facts relating to Wollaston's researches and collections is presented.
The Norwegian Species of Tribus Olethreutini Obraztsov, I946 (Lep., Tortricidae)
Authors: Opheim M.
Published: July 2010

In Norway 59 species of Olethreutini have been found. Four of these are for the first time recorded as new to the country, viz. Eudemis porphyrana (Hb.), Apotomis fraterculana Krog., A. algidana Krog. and Argyroploce tiedemanniana (Z.). One species, Olethreutes umbrosana (Frr.), is deleted from the Norwegian list. A special attention is paid to Apotomis Hb. and Endothenia Steph. which comprise several confused species.
Cuticular Morphology of the Scent Gland Areas of Some Heteropterans
Authors: Johansson Arne Semb , Braten Trond
Published: July 2010

The cuticle of the evaporative area of the metathoracic scent glands of adult heteropterans shows marked structural modifications. One specialized type of cuticle is covered by micro-flakes supported and interconnected by low ridges. In Lygaeidae and Pyrrhocoridae this cuticle is found along the borders of the evaporative areas, whereas in the Pentatomidae it covers most of this area. The structure and distribution of this specialized cuticle is supposedly connected with the spreading of the volatile scent fluid.
The Sphaerophoria Species Described by J. W. Zetterstedt (Dipt., Syrphidae)
Authors: Andersson Hugo
Published: July 2010

The type series of the Sphaerophoria species described by J. W. Zetterstedt have been examined and lectotypes designated. It has been confirmed that S. nigricoxa Zett. is a synonym of S. scripta L. and that S. flavicauda Zett. and S. nitidicollis Zett. are synonyms of S. rueppelli Wied. S. loewi Zett., S. dubia Zett., and S. abbreviata Zett. are good species. The descriptions of S. multipunctata Zett. and S. insignita Zett. are based on single abnormal females. With our present knowledge of Sphaerophoria females, they cannot be interpreted. S. sarmatica Bankowska is a synonym of S. dubia Zett. (n. syn.).
Aderus pentatomus (Thoms.) and A. brevicornis (Perris) (Col. Aderidae)
Authors: Israelson Gunnar
Published: July 2010

The taxonomic status of the two often confused species, Aderus pentatomus (Thoms.) and A. breyicornis (Perris) is examined and the species are redescribed on a rather rich material. The most reliable structures are found in the head and its appendages, in the abdominal sternites, the hind egs, and the male genitalia. Information is given on geographical distribution as well as on life history.
Effect of Light Intensity and Air Humidity on Flight Initiation in Blastophagus piniperda L. (Col. Scolytidae)
Authors: Perttunen Vilho , Häyrinen Tuula
Published: July 2010

The spontaneous take-off activity of Blastophagus piniperda was investigated at light intensities of 0.I, I, I0, I00, and I000 lux at a constant temperature of 25°C. and at an air humidity of 77 % R.H. The effect of air humidity (o %, 77 %, and (00 % R.H.) on the take-off rate was studied in spring specimens only. At the low light intensities of 0.I and I lux the cake-off rates were clearly lower than at the higher light intensities of I00 and I000 lux. At all light intensities there were marked seasonal differences in the take-off rate. At each light ntensity the rate was clearly higher in the specimens of the new generation in July than in the spring specimens. At the high light intensities of I00 and I000 lux, and at I0 lux in July, the high rate of take-off activity remained relatively constant throughout the I5-minute experimental period. At the low light intensities the take-off rate was very low in the early part of the experiment, but with time the rate increased considerably. Thus the initial inhibitory effect of very low light intensity is rapidly abolished, probably by adaptation. In the beginning of the I5-minute experiments the take-off rate is high at the air humidity of I00 % R.H., low in the dry air of nearly o % R.H., and intermediate at 77 % R.H. After the first 3-minute period these differences are largely abolished.
The Chilopoda and Diplopoda of Iceland
Authors: Eason E.H.
Published: July 2010

Five species of myriapods have previously been recorded from Iceland. To these are here added: Brachygeophilus truncorum (Bergsö & Meinert), Brachydesmus superus Latzel and Polydesmus coriaceus Porst. A further dubious diplopod from Skaftafell is commented upon. The variability and the life history within the Icelandic populations of Lithobius and Lamyctes species are described. The history of the Icelandic myriapod fauna is discussed. It is concluded that most species probably arrived by human transport. Only three species (Lithobius melanops, Lamyctes fulvicornis, Proteroiulus fuscus) may be older on the island.
Die Tagesperiodik der Driftaktivität von Plecopterenlarven am Polarkreis
Authors: Müller Karl
Published: July 2010

The locomotor activity of the larvae of Diura nanseni appearing in the drift is not synchronized on the 24h period under midsummer. A synchronization will not begin until the minimum light of the night is less than I50 Lux. The larvae are night active until emergence in April-May the following year. Their locomotor activity follows the basic pattern of locomotor activity observed also in water insects in middle Europe.
A Revision of the Scandinavian Tachydromiinae (Dipt., Empididae) described by J. W. Zetterstedt
Authors: Chvála Milan
Published: July 2010

J. W. Zetterstedt described between I8I9-I850 thirty-seven species of the Empidid subfamily Tachydromiinae in combination with Tachydromia Meig. (30), Tachypeza Meig. (5), Drapetis Meig. (I) and Empis L. (I). A revision of these species has been based on a study of Zetterstedt's Collection at Lund, Sweden. Lectotypes or holotypes for thirty-six of Zetterstedt's species are designated and a further two lectotypes for Platypalpus pallipes (Fall., I8I5) and Platypalpus boreoalpinus Frey, I943 have been selected. Five species are redescribed, viz., Platypalpus brevicornis (Zett., I842)—the male sex is described for the first time—, Crossopalpus curvinervis (Zett., I842), comb.nov., Platypalpus sordidus (Zett., I838), Platypalpus unguiculaws (Zett., I838) and Platypalpus boreoalpinus Frey, I943. The following species are described as new: Platypal pus confiformis sp.n., Platypalpus zetterstedti sp.n., and Platypalpus alpinus sp.n. Some new synonymy is established: Symballophthalmus scapularis Collin, I96I is a synonym of Symballophthalmus fuscitarsis (Zett., I859), Tachydromia gilvipes Coquillett, I900 and Platypalpus xanthopodus Melander, I928 are synonyms of Platypalpus unguiculatus (Zett., I838), Platypalpus extricatus (Collin, I96I) is a synonym of Platypalpus Iongiseta (Zett., I842), Drapetis nigripes Zett., I859 is a synonym of Drapetis pusilla Loew, I859, Tachydromia parvicornis Zett., I859 is a synonym of Crossopalpus nigritellus (Zett., I842). A new name Platypalpus anomalinervis nom.nov. is proposed for Tachydromia curvinervis Collin, I94I (nec Zett., I842), described from Ussuri. Platypalpus candicans (Fall.) is still known only from the female sex, the recorded males are represented in Zetterstedt's Collection by males of Platypalpus longiseta (Zett.) (syn. extricatus Coll.) and Platypalpus stabilis (Coll.). Also Lundbeck (I9I0) described the male sex of P. candicans (Fall.) and P. major (Zett.) by mistake.
Disappearance as a Protective Factor
Authors: Lindroth Carl H.
Published: July 2010

Certain species of genus Lebia (Carabidae) are strikingly similar in color to species of flea-beetles (Alticinae, Chrysomelidae) with which they are regularly associated on the foodplants of the latter. A host-parasite relationship is suggested. Other chrysomelids, known as hosts of a Lebia, are not imitated. It is proposed that the jumping habit of the flea-beetles is an effective protection against certain birds and that they are imitated by the accompanying Lebia for this reason. The situation is interpreted as a case of Bates'ian mimicry. A similar case is the striking resemblance between two species of the African genus Lebistina and their respective host, flea-beetles of the genus Diamphidia. These are used by the bushmen for the production of arrow-poison. It is therefore assumed that here the protection is of a chemical nature.
Remarks on Trechus flavolimbatus Woll. s.l. (Col., Carabidae) and the Biogeography of the Canary Islands
Authors: Israelson Gunnar
Published: July 2010

Trechus flavolimbatus ferrarius Jeann. and T. palmensis Mateu are regarded as synonyms of T. flavocinctus gomerae Jeann. and T. flavocircumdatus Jeann., respectively. The significance for the biogeography of the Canary Islands of the remaining taxa of the T. flavolimbarus complex as well as some other endemites is discussed.
Some Observations on Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Attacking Grazing Cattle in Denmark
Authors: Nielsen B. Overgaard
Published: July 2010

During the period I966-69 entomological investigations on the dipterous fauna of grazing cattle in Denmark were carried out with a view to recording potential vectors of the disease "summer mastitis". Some I200 biting midges (Culicoides Latr.) were collected from grazing piebald heifers in 3 field and meadow localities. 8 species of biting midges were represented in the material. Most of the species are known as blood-suckers on domestic animals. About 50 % of the material consisted of C. obsoletus, while C. punctatus, C. chiopterus, and C. subfasciipennis accounted for 24 %, I4 %, and I0 % respectively. Midge activity was extremely high on the belly, especially in the umbilical region and on the udder, much lower on the back and flanks, and considerable on the legs. Several species were present on the belly, however C. obsoletus, C. punctatus, and C. subfasciipennis being dominant. These species could be suspected of participating in the transmission of "summer mastitis", when co-operating with non-biting flies, e.g. Hydrotaea irritans Fall.; they are therefore deserving of special attention. On the back and flanks, C. obsoletus and C. punctatus were the main species, and on the legs, C. chiopterus.
The Life History and Seasonal Regulation of Aeshna viridis Eversm. in Southern Sweden (Odonata)
Authors: Norling Ulf
Published: July 2010

The life-history of Aeshna viridis Eversm. has been studied at a peat-pit in southern Sweden by means of regular sampling. Larvae from some samples from late summer to early spring have been experimentally subjected to constant artificial day-lengths of I3, I4.5, I6 and I9.5 hours at a temperature of 20°C. The results of experiments suggest that the rapid transition of photoperiod in autumn and spring is most important in the regulation of the life-cycle, which in the population studied had a duration of 2-3 years. A comparison is made between the seasonal regulation in Aeshna viridis and that in some other species. The causes of the phenological differences between certain types of spring and summer species and the differences in life-history of Aeshna species at different latitudes are discussed.
The Sex Ratios, Mating Frequencies and Mating Expectancies of Three Coenagriids (Odonata : Zygoptera) in Northern England
Authors: Parr M.J. , Palmer Marion
Published: July 2010

Populations of Ischnura elegans, Coenagrion puella and Enallagma cyathigerum were studied in order to determine sex ratios, mating frequencies and mating expectancies. As the true imaginal sex ratio is unknown in these Odonata attempts were also made to determine the larval and final instar exuvial sex ratios. The larvae of I. elegans showed a small but nonsignificant excess of males, and males constituted 62 percent of imaginal samples. Estimates of total season's imaginal population sizes tend to suggest that the real sex ratio was near to I:I. Larval samples of C. puella indicated a significant excess of males and males constituted 76 percent of imaginal samples. Samples of final instar exuviae of E. cyathigerum showed that the sex ratio at emergence was exactly unity but male imagines constituted 84 percent of the population samples. Only 5 percent male and I2 percent female I. elegans were seen to mate despite a high persistence at water and that this species has a long copulation time. Sexual maturation is rapid in I. elegans and both sexes mate well into old age. The mating frequencies of male C. puella and E. cyathigerum were low, but females of these species showed very much higher values than for I. elegans. The data suggest that some males of I. elegans and E. cyathigerum are not successful in achieving mating.
Influence of Light on Flight Activity of Noctuids (Lepidoptera) in South Sweden
Authors: Persson Bert
Published: July 2010

In I968 and I969 noctuids were caught by means of a light trap at Bunkeflo, south of Malmo (prov. Scania). Hourly catches were separated. Sex differences in the diel distribution of catch were found. In summer, the males showed their highest activity around midnight. The females then showed a bimodal catch curve with the highest catch before, and a second weaker peak after midnight. In summer, light was found to be the factor governing the nocturnal distribution of catch, in autumn temperature. In I970 observations and experiments on captured moths were performed. Start of flight in the twilight period was found to be induced by the decreasing light. The moths started at higher light values if the temperature during this period was high. In actograph experiments it was found that moonlight has a depressing effect on the activity of noctuids.
Fossil Tachyine Beetles from Mexican and Baltic Amber
Authors: Erwin Terry L.
Published: July 2010

Two new species and one new genus are described and placed within the Tribe Tachyini. A discussion of hypothetical relationships is given for these species. And, a synonymy among names applied to extant groups of tachyines is pointed out and corrected.
Notes on Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) I A Revision of the Nepticula ruficapitella Group
Authors: Johansson Roland
Published: July 2010

The European species of the Nepticula ruficapitella group are revised on the basis of authentic material. Four new species, svenssoni, dorsiguttella, roborella and eberhardi, are established. Three species, atricapitella Hw., ruficapitella Hw. and samiatella Z., formerly not satisfactorily defined, are redescribed. N. cerricolella Klim. is reduced to a subspecies of basiguttella Hein. N. ilicivora Peyer. is considered synonymous with the older name suberivora Stt. Five lectotypes are designated, some of these specimens have previously been labelled "Type" or "Lectotype" but as far as known without publication. These lectotypes are here published in accordance with the rules of zoological nomenclature. A list of the Scandinavian and British Nepticulidae was compiled and the species are arranged into groups consisting of allied species. The definition of Stigmella Schrank 1802 is disagreeing with the structural characters distinguishing the family Nepticulidae. Consequently, the generic name Stigmella has to be rejected and the younger but better known and satisfactorily defined name Nepticula Heyden I843 has been used in this paper.
The Genus Chrysocerca Weele, I999, and its Type Species (Neur., Chrysopidae)
Authors: Tjeder BO
Published: July 2010

The genus Chrysocerca Weele, I909, is discussed and redescribed, its validity established, and the type species, C. jacobsoni Weele, I909, redescribed and lectotype designated.
Genetics of Some Polymorphic Forms of the African Butterfly, Acraea encedon L. (Lep.)
Authors: Chanter D.O. , Owen D.F.
Published: July 2010

Laboratory breeding of the polymorphic African butterfly, Acraea encedon, has established the dominance relationships of most of the common colour forms. It is not yet certain if the forms are determined by a series of multiple alleles at a single locus, and alternative interpretations involving more than one locus are suggested. Evidence for the possibility of linkage between two of the forms is discussed. The widespread white form, lycia, occurs in most populations and it may be the universal recessive comparable to the widespread black and white form of the African swallowtail, Papilio dardanus.
Gregarines: Their Effects on Damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera)
Authors: Åbro Arnold
Published: July 2010

Adults of the damselfly Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Sulzer) were to a great extent found to have their midgut infected with a eugregarine Hoplorhynchus oligacanthus (Siebold). Heavy infestation seriously damaged the gut epithelium, and the viability of the host was estimated to be reduced. Marking experiments have revealed that individuals which attained great adult age were either lightly infected or non-infected, or they were thought to have been infected late in their adult life. The conclusion is that the eugregarine infestation apparently reduces the longevity of adults when other conditions are sub-optimum.
Benthic Insect Communities of Streams in Stora Sjöfallet National Park, Swedish Lapland
Authors: Hagerman L. , Ulfstrand S. , Otto C. , Svensson B. , Enckell P.H.
Published: July 2010

Benthic animal communities in streams with varying environmental conditions in a national park in northern Swedish Lapland were analysed. Dominant taxa were Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Diptera Simuliidae. Northeasterly or very widely spread species make up the fauna. Intrariverine distribution patterns were found to differ between taxa, and great variations of standing crop values between adjacent sampling sites were the rule. Day-to-day fluctuations of drift rate were unsynchronized between taxa. Some ecological properties of Brachyptera risi (Plec.) are discussed. Some lake shores and streams affected by hydroelectric exploitation appeared virtually devoid of macroscopic animals.
The Micro-Structure, Distribution and Possible Function of Peg-Like Setae in Male Coleoptera
Authors: Hammond P.M.
Published: July 2010

The shape and surface structure of peg-like setae occurring in certain male Staphylinidae and other Coleoptera are described with the aid of a scanning electron microscope. The sites at which these organs are known to occur and the taxa in which they have been found are listed. Their possible function is discussed.
On Trioza viridula (Zett.) and Two Related Species Breeding on Cirsium1 (Hem., Psylloidea)
Authors: Ossiannilsson Frej
Published: July 2010

In his revision of the Psyllids of Zetterstedt (Ossiannilsson, I942), the author identified Chermes viridulus Zett. with Trioza cirsii Löw. By a study of preimaginal characters this is now found to be wrong and it is stated that Trioza viridula (Zett.) and Trioza cirsii Löw are distinct though closely related species. Details of their male and female genitalia and the microsculpture of the under side of their fore wings are reproduced for comparison. Figures of the larval instars of viridula and cirsii and the related agrophila Löw showing their chaetotaxy are also given. A key for the separation of these larvae and some data on the biology and distribution of these species in Sweden terminate the present paper.
Altitudinal Zonation of Geometrid Larvae (Lep.) during a Mass Occurrence on Birch at Sogndal, Western Norway, I967
Authors: Hagvar Sigmund
Published: July 2010

Larvae of Geometridae (Lep.) attacked the birch wood (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) in the mountain slopes near Sogndal, Sogn, in I966 and I967. Collecting of larvae were made in I967 by sweep-netting on five stations at different altitudes up to timber line at 900 m a.s. The maximum density of Operophthera sp., at about 300 m a.s., was estimated to be about five times higher than the maximum density of Oporinia autumnata Bkh. just below the timber line. A horizontal, brownish belt, where the trees were heavily defoliated, extended from approximately 250 to 350 m a.s. The trees near the timber line were not so heavily defoliated. The least defoliated trees were found at about 650-700 m a.s., in the overlapping zone of the two geometrid species. Operophthera sp. was found at all altitudes, while O. autumnata occurred only in the upper half of the birch wood. Erannis aurantiaria Hb. and E. defoliaria Cl. also occurred at all altitudes. The former preferred the lower part of the birch wood, and was always present in densities lower than O. autumnata's highest density. Only a few larvae of E. defoliaria were found, without showing any altitudinal preference.
Male Copulatory Organs of Macaronesian Species of Aphanarthrum Wollaston. With Designations of Lectotypes and Descriptions of New Taxa (Col. Scolytidae)
Authors: Israelson Gunnar
Published: July 2010

Drawings are reproduced of the male copulatory apparatus in a number of Macaronesian Aphanarthrum. Lectotypes are designated for the Wollaston species of the genus. The following new taxa are described: A. wollastoni n.sp., A. glabrum nudum n.ssp., A. subglabrum n.sp., A. canescens polyspiniger n.ssp., and A. canariense longipes n.ssp.
Polymorphic Mimicry in a Population of the African Butterfly, Pseudacraea eurytus (L.) (Lep. Nymphalidae)
Authors: Owen D.F. , Chanter D.O.
Published: July 2010

The African butterfly, Pseudacraea eurytus, is a polymorphic Batesian mimic of various species of unpalatable Bematistes. In an attempt to correlate the relative frequency of the models and the mimics numerous difficulties were encountered, the most important of which is the association of some of the polymorphic forms with sex and the varying probabilities of capture of males and females of models and mimics. These difficulties are partly overcome by estimating changes in diversity in the models and the mimics on a seasonal basis; but the general conclusion reached is that it is extremely difficult to analyse quantitatively the relationship between models and mimics in a natural situation.
— Zur Morphologie und Funktion des — Helodiden-Aedoeagus (Col.)1
Authors: Nyholm Tord
Published: July 2010

The structure and function of the aedeagus were investigated in 9 genera of the family Helodidae, most thoroughly in Helodes and Cyphon. On the basis of this investigation, the different types of tegmen and penis represented within the family are described. The tegmen of the Helodidae, which is either entirely devoid of a sclerotized "basal piece" or possesses only rudiments of such, may be divided into three main types; in addition there are a few quite aberrant cases. The penis (median lobe), more interesting from the standpoint of comparative morphology, is extremely diversified. A separation between two main types could however be maintained: one represented by genus Helodes alone, the other by all remaining genera. The Helodes type is more primitive, though at the same time rather specialized in certain details. The second penis type is still more specialized. Its main characteristic is a separate triangular sclerite (a "trigonium") situated ventrally in the distal part of penis. In certain genera it is cleft medially into a pair of moveable appendages ("prosthemata"). A splitting of the penis apex into two lobes ("parameroids") occurs in most species of Helodes, but also among the majority of remaining genera. The evolution of the penis from a supposed primitive initial form towards the Helodes type on one side and the highly specialized type represented by certain species of Cyphon on the other, is outlined and discussed. The importance of a gradual change of the copulatory method for this evolution is particularly stressed. The morphology of the aedeagus as basis for the systematics of the Helodidae is briefly treated. The investigation was also extended to cover representatives of other families, generally regarded as related to the Helodidae. Most of them possess an aedeagus of a rather primitive trilobed type. Deviating from this pattern are the Dascillidae, with the penis completely cleft into one dorsal and one ventral sclerite, and also the Psephenidae. In this family, the penis is supplied with a separate sclerite, apparently homologous with the "trigonium" of the Helodidae and with a similar evolution.
A Method for Axenic Rearing of the House Cricket, Acheta domesticus L. (Orth.)
Authors: Charpentier R. , Larsson R. , Olofsson E.
Published: July 2010

A technique for continuous axenic rearing of the house cricket, Acheta domestica L., is described. The eggs were surface-sterilized by immersion in a hypochlorite solution and transported to flasks containing sterilized nutrient medium, consisting of wheat bran, lettuce, carrot, mouse pellets and water. At 30° C they produced four generations a year. Mortality was insignificant if overcrowding was avoided. The effect of hypochlorite solution on survival of eggs in different developmental stages was studied. Young eggs and eggs near eclosion were largely damaged. Due to influence of group size crickets reared in solitude developed more slowly than those reared two or more together. For continuous rearing, axenic eggs could be collected from house crickets reared under axenic conditions and transported to new culture flasks. About 20 culture flasks were enough to maintain the culture.
Morphological Characteristics of North-European Myrmeleontid Larvae (Neuroptera)
Authors: Friheden Jan
Published: July 2010

During a physiological investigation of myrmeleontid larvae it became apparent that my material included three different species. These are: Euroleon nostras (Fourc.) Myrmeleon bore (Tjed.) and M. formicarius L. I have studied the larval characteristics of these and have reared them to imagines. Two determination keys are given, one for living larvae of all instars, the other for dried or alcohol-preserved larvae of the second and third instars.
Revision der europäischen Arten der Gattung Dichrogaster Doumerc (Hym. Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Horstmann Klaus
Published: July 2010

Five European species are recognized as belonging to genus Dichrogaster Doumerc, whereas rugiventris Strobl is removed. Its generic status could not be settled.
A Simple Method for Rearing Terrestrial Heteroptera, with Special Reference to Seed-Bugs (Het. Lygaeidae)
Authors: Coulianos Carl-Cedric , Kugelberg Otto
Published: July 2010

A description is given of a versatile, inexpensive method for rearing different types of terrestrial Heteroptera. It permits individual, group- or massrearing and is suitable for continuous rearing as well as for food-preference experiments. It seems to fulfil all the essential requirements of the insects regarding feeding, drinking, moulting, mating, and oviposition. Some experiences are given espeeially from rearing seed-feeding Lygaeidae. Especially important is that the animals are given shelter during critical phases of development notably during moulting. Substrate and shelter also seem to be of great importance for evoking the behaviour necessary for a successful mating and oviposition. The method is discussed and compared with some other rearing techniques.
The Alimentary Canal of Lepisma saccharina L. (Thysanura, Lepismatidae)
Authors: Larsson Ronny
Published: July 2010

The morphology and histology of the different regions in the alimentary canal of Lepisma saccharina are shortly described. The regular occurrence of one type of bacterium and two species of eugregarines is reported.
Low Mating Frequency in Predominantly Female Populations of the Butterfly, Acraea encedon (L.) (Lep.)
Authors: Owen D.F. , Chanter D.O. , Owen Jennifer
Published: July 2010

During mating a male butterfly leaves a spermatophore in the bursa copulatrix of the female; one spermatophore results from each mating, and by dissection it is possible to determine how many times a female has mated. In butterflies with a normal I:I sex ratio most females mate at least once, and samples collected in the field contain very few unmated females. Most females from four Uganda populations of Acraea encedon containing only 2-6 males to every I00 females were found to be unmated. In contrast, most of the females from a population in Sierra Leone with a sex ratio of about 0.I6 had been mated, and all those in a small sample from a population with a normal sex ratio had mated. Statistical analysis of spermatophore counts suggests that matings subsequent to the first occur at random, but at the same time it would seem that the predominantly female populations of Acraea encedon, which in some cases are known to have survived for at least 50 breeding generations, owe their persistence to some form of frequency-dependent selective mating such that females producing males as well as females are at an advantage. It is suggested that spermatophore counts could be used in any possible future investigation of selective mating in Acraea encedon. The behaviour of individuals in an isolated population in Sierra Leone with a normal sex ratio suggests that reproductive isolation has been evolved, and that the sex ratio trait has been unable to spread into this population.
Uroleucon ( Uromelan) scorzonerae, a New Aphid Species from Sweden (Hem. Hom. Aphididae)
Authors: Danielsson Roy
Published: July 2010

Apterous and alate viviparous females of a new aphid species, Uroleucon scorzonerae, are described. The aphid lived on the underside of the leaves of Scorzonera humilis L., and was found at the locality Fröstad, Rystad, Östergötland, Sweden.
The Genus Merzsmus Walk. in Sweden and Description of a New Genus and Species (Hym. Pteromalidae, Miscogasterinae)
Authors: Hedqvist Karl-Johan
Published: July 2010

The author gives a key to the Swedish species of Merismus Walk. Only M. megapterus Walk. was known before from Sweden; now he is adding four species: M. splendens V. Grah., M. nitidus (Walk.), M. rufipes Walk. and M. lasthenes (Walk.). A new genus Cirdania gen. n. is described with type-species Cirdania styliclava sp. n. from province SkÅne (Scania).
The Scoliid Types of Tullgren and of Dalman in the Swedish Riksmuseum (Hymenoptera)
Authors: Bradley J. Chester
Published: July 2010

This paper discusses the types in the Swedish Riksmuseum, Stockholm, of the scoliid taxa established by Tullgren (1904, 7 species), and Dalman (1823, 2 species). The two Dalman names and deserta Tullgr. are valid.
Diel Distribution of Oviposition in Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.), Agrotis munda (Walk.), and Heliothis armigera (Hbn.), (Lep. Noctuidae), in Relation to Temperature and Moonlight1
Authors: Persson Bert
Published: July 2010

The diel egg-laying activity was recorded by means of an egg-laying recording apparatus. Simultaneous hourly registrations of temperature and nocturnal illumination were obtained. With few exceptions egg-laying occurred during the night. The activity was highest in the first part of the night and a bimodal distribution curve was found. Moonlight had a depressing effect; above 0.1 lux no eggs were laid. The influence of the moon was more clearly visible at high temperatures. An attempt is made to explain the biomodal distribution curve found.
Symphyla (Myriapoda) from the Subantarctic Crozet Islands
Authors: Scheller Ulf
Published: July 2010

Symphyla (Myriapoda) are reported for the first time from the subantarctic islands. The study is based upon a collection from the Crozet Islands made by Dr. Lewis Davies, Durham. One Scolopendrellidae species was found. It belongs to the genus Symphylella and is new to science. It is described and its affinities are discussed. A lectotype for the closely related Symphylella texana is selected and the diagnosis of the species is emended.
On the Elytral Microsculpture of Carabid Beetles (Col. Carabidae)
Authors: Lindroth Carl H.
Published: July 2010

There is a great amount of variation in microsculpture on the surface of Carabid Beetles. On the elytra, subject of this study, microsculpture may be entirely lacking, but as a rule consists of engraved microlines, either forming a network of meshes from isodiametric to more or less stretched, or of very dense transverse lines, a system of diffraction gratings causing iridescence. Since this phenomenon appears in many non-related genera and groups, for instance within the large genus Bembidion, it is concluded that diffraction grating is clearly polyphyletic in the Carabid family. An investigation of Baltic Amber Carabidae showed that the different types of microsculpture were developed already in early Oligocene and gave no support to the hypothesis-plausible in itself and confirmed in genus Bembidion-that diffraction grating is a derivative condition. The biological importance of iridescence is doubtful. In certain situations it may have a repulsive effect on predators, for instance birds. But, since it occurs also in certain cavernicolous species never exposed to light, this cannot be the only valid explanation. Other possible effects of iridescence, such as protection against over-heating or ultraviolet light, were doubted. It seems that no generally valid selective value of diffraction grating can be applied and that, in many cases, it may be preserved only as "not harmful".
Numerical Phyletics: An Analysis from the Viewpoint of Phylogenetic Systematics
Authors: Schlee Dieter
Published: July 2010

Numerical taxonomy's claims for numerical phyogenetic inferences—i.e. various authors' contributions included in Sneath and Sokal's new textbook— re critically examined, and contrasted with Hennig's hylogenetic systematics. Numerical phyletics is found to be vague, inconsistent, and defective concerning the precision and power of problem solution in theory and practice. Therefore, in all these aspects it is inferior to Hennig's phylogenetic systematics, which seem to have been misunderstood and misinterpreted by Sneath and Sokal, apparently due to lack of sufficient information about the present state of this methodology.
Zur Kenntnis der Käferfauna der Kanarischen Inseln. 9 -10
Authors: Palm Thure
Published: July 2010

9. Genus Catops Payk. (Coleoptera: Catopidae) A new species, C. antoniomachadoi n.sp., so far only found in Tenerife, is described. From C. thurepalmi Szymcz., occuring in Gran Canaria, it differs by external as well as aedeagal characters. 10. Genus Mycetoporus Mannh. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Cortinicara, a new Genus of Corticariinae (Coleoptera : Lathridiidae)
Authors: Johnson Colin
Published: July 2010

Cortinicara gen.n. is described to include five species: andersoni (Blackburn)—Australia, subgibbosa (Johnson)—north India, gibbosa (Herbst)-Holarctic and Oriental Regions (type of the genus), hirtalis (Broun) and meridianus sp.n.—Australia and New Zealand. The species are keyed out and the aedeagi figured for each. The new genus is close to Corticarina Reitter, and a key is given to separate the two.
Redescriptions of Hadrodactylus fugax (Gr.), H. confusus (Hlgr.), H. genalis Th. and H. larvatus (Krb.) (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Idar Mattias
Published: July 2010

Four species of Hadrodactylus Frst., H. fugax (Gr.), H. confusus (Hlgr.), H. genalis Ths. and H. larvatus (Krb.) are redescribed. Diagnostical characters (with figures) and notes on taxonomy and bionomy are given.
On the Male of Psylla myrtilli W. Wagner With Description of a New Psylla Species from the Far East (Homoptera: Psyllidae)
Authors: Ossiannilsson Frej
Published: July 2010

Examination of the single male paratype of Psylla myrtilli W. Wagner revealed that it belongs to a different species, Psylla corcontum Šulc. The genitalia of two males from the USSR considered to be the genuine myrtilli, are reproduced. A related new species from the Far East is described under the name Psylla amabilis.
Zur Kenntnis der Käferfauna der Kanarischen Inseln 8. Revision der Gattung Malthinus Latr. (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)
Authors: Palm Thure
Published: July 2010

The author has studied an extensive material of Malthinus from the Canaries using both external and aedeagal characters. The males have always been found to be identifiable, whereas a reliable determination of the females is often very difficult or even impossible. As a result of the investigation the following new species could be described: lindbergi n.sp., minimus n.sp., fuerteventurensis n.sp., nigrescens n.sp., israelsoni n.sp., bandamensis n.sp., neglectus n.sp. and maspalomensis n.sp. A good species is also depauperatus Woll. (=mutabilis var. depauperatus Woll.). The number of the Malthinus species known from the Canarian has thus increased from 2 to 11. An illustrated key to the Canarian Malthinus is presented. The distribution of the different species is accounted for in detail, and notes are given on their ecology.
Micropsectra lacustris n.sp., eine neue Chironomiden-Art (Diptera: Chironomidae) aus Schweden
Authors: Säwedal Lars
Published: July 2010

Male and pupa of a new chironomid species, Micropsectra lacustris, are described. The species was found in two lakes, Leipikvattnet (alt. 468 m a.s.) and Stora BlÅsjön (alt. 533 m a.s.), in Jämtland, Sweden. Stora BlÅsjön is located in the northern coniferous region, Leipikvattnet in the transition zone between the former region and the birch region. The lakes are oligohumic (Leipikvattnet) and extreme oligohumic (Stora BlÅsjön), respectively.
A New Species of Themira R.-D. from South Sweden (Diptera: Sepsidae)
Authors: Andersson Hugo
Published: July 2010

A new species, Themira biloba n. sp., closely related to Themira putris L., is described and figured on material from the shore of a small eutrophic lake in South Sweden. Comparable characters of Th. putris are also figured.
Neubeschreibung von Parasitus talparum Oudemans, 1913 (Acari/Mesostigmata: Parasitidae)
Authors: Micherdzinski Wiktor , Lundqvist Lars
Published: July 2010

Redescription of Parasitus talparum Oudemans, 1913. The deutonymph of P. talparum is redescribed and the female described for the first time. The species is close to Parasitus fucorum (De Geer, 1778), P. numismaticus Vitzthum, 1930, and P. willmanni Holzmann, 1969. These species comprise a natural group inhabiting the nests of bumble-bees and moles.