bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unexpected ABCC6 mRNA splicing in a Chinese family with pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Authors: Sun Qiao , Wang Weijun , Wu Lifang , Cheng Lu , Tong Xuemei , Xu Xun
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To identify the clinical characteristics and pathogenic genes among a Chinese family with angioid streaks and to assess a novel splicing mutation at the transcriptional and translational levels.

Methods

Consenting family members were clinically evaluated, and blood samples were collected for targeted exome capture sequencing and/or Sanger sequencing. The two affected siblings were assessed by multimodal fundus imaging. ABCC6 splicing patterns were analysed by RNA identification and quantification using the proband's peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Minigene experiments were performed to verify the university. Plasmids expressing the transcripts were transfected into HEK293 cells to assess protein translation. Bioinformatic analyses were also performed to predict the splicing patterns and the functional consequences of the mutation.

Results

The two siblings were trans‐compound heterozygous pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) patients with the same genotype (c.3703C>T and c.1177‐2A>G for ABCC6) but different phenotypes. We identified several ABCC6 alternative splicing transcripts that were not previously reported. The novel splicing mutation c.1177‐2A>G led to the upregulation of three transcripts, one using a cryptic splice acceptor in the upstream region of the intron, another using a cryptic splice acceptor in the downstream exon, and the third stimulating non‐canonical U12‐type splicing. All the transcripts were successfully translated in vitro.

Conclusion

The genotype–phenotype correlation of PXE is poorly understood. The novel ABCC6 splicing mutation c.1177‐2A>G results in multiple splicing patterns. Endogenous U2 to U12 conversion may occur in humans in a disease state. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be reliably used to study ABCC6 RNA.
Preliminary evidence that vortioxetine may improve sleep quality in depressed patients with insomnia: a retrospective questionnaire analysis
Authors: Liguori C. , Ferini‐Strambi L. , Izzi F. , Mari L. , Manfredi N. , D'Elia A. , Mercuri N. B. , Placidi F.
Published: October 2018

Insomnia is a frequent symptom in depressed patients. It can present with difficulty in initiating and/or maintaining sleep. We retrospectively evaluated a group of 15 patients affected by major depressive disorder and complaining of insomnia, who started vortioxetine (VOR) treatment for their depressive symptoms. The following questionnaires were captured at baseline and follow‐up: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Beck Depression Inventory. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total score significantly decreased between follow‐up and baseline (P < 0.01), and in several subitems related to sleep quality and continuity. Moreover, Epworth Sleepiness Scale decreased between follow‐up and baseline (P < 0.01). Finally, Beck Depression Inventory reduction was also evident between follow‐up and baseline (P < 0.01). This retrospective analysis showing the significant effect of VOR on both depressive symptoms and insomnia in patients showing comorbid major depressive disorder and insomnia invites further research in order to confirm this preliminary evidence. We hypothesize that the VOR mechanism of action may explain the improvement of subjective sleep, other than depressive symptoms.
Revisiting 25 years of system motivation explanation for system justification from the perspective of social identity model of system attitudes
Authors: Owuamalam Chuma Kevin , Rubin Mark , Spears Russell
Published: October 2018

Do the disadvantaged have an autonomous system justification motivation that operates against their personal and group interests? System justification theory (SJT; Jost & Banaji, 1994, Br. J. Soc. Psychol, 33, 1) proposes that they do and that this motivation helps to (1) reduce cognitive dissonance and associated uncertainties and (2) soothe the pain that is associated with knowing that one's group is subject to social inequality. However, 25 years of research on this system justification motivation has given rise to several theoretical and empirical inconsistencies. The present article argues that these inconsistencies can be resolved by a social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA; Owuamalam, Rubin, & Spears, 2018, Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci, 27, 91). SIMSA assumes that instances of system justification are often in alignment with (rather than opposed to) the interests of the disadvantaged. According to SIMSA, the disadvantaged may support social systems (1) in order to acknowledge social reality, (2) when they perceive the wider social system to constitute a superordinate ingroup, and (3) because they hope to improve their ingroup's status through existing channels in the long run. These propositions are corroborated by existing and emerging evidence. We conclude that SIMSA offers a more coherent and parsimonious explanation for system justification than does SJT.
Undiagnosed prediabetes is highly prevalent in primary infertile men – results from a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Boeri Luca , Capogrosso Paolo , Ventimiglia Eugenio , Pederzoli Filippo , Frego Nicola , Cazzaniga Walter , Chierigo Francesco , Alfano Massimo , Piemonti Lorenzo , Viganò Paola , Pontillo Marina , Montanari Emanuele , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea
Published: October 2018

Objective

To study the prevalence and the risk associated with prediabetes (PreDM) in primary infertile men.

Patients and methods

Data from 744 infertile men were analysed. Health‐significant comorbidities were scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Serum hormones were measured in every man. Semen analysis was based on 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) reference criteria. PreDM was defined according to the clinical criteria detailed by the American Diabetes Association (Diabetes Care 2014; 37 (Suppl. 1): S81). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses tested the association between PreDM status, hormonal milieu and seminal parameters. The predictive accuracy of all variables was evaluated using the area under the curve, and the clinical net benefit estimated by decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

Of the 744 men, PreDM was found in 114 (15.4%). Men with PreDM (+PreDM) were older, had higher CCI scores, lower total testosterone and sex hormone‐binding globulin but higher follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and 17β‐oestradiol values compared to those without PreDM (−PreDM) (all P ≤ 0.04). Higher sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI; P = 0.014) and idiopathic non‐obstructive azoospermia (iNOA; P < 0.001) were found more frequently in +PreDM men. At multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age, FSH and iNOA (all P ≤ 0.04) were significantly associated with +PreDM status. DCA demonstrated a clinical net benefit in discriminating men at higher risk of a +PreDM status.

Conclusions

About 15% of primary infertile men had criteria suggestive of undiagnosed PreDM. A PreDM status was associated with a greater risk of hypogonadism, higher DFI values and iNOA status. Age, FSH values and iNOA status could be considered as useful parameters to recognise men with PreDM and implement early preventive interventions in those men at risk of the consequences from poor glycaemic control.
Commentary: Conceptualising demand avoidance in an ASD context – a response to Osman Malik & Gillian Baird (2018)
Authors: O'Nions Elizabeth , Noens Ilse
Published: October 2018

Malik and Baird (this issue) have raised a number of important points drawing on our study of parent‐reported dimensions of difficulty in children with features of extreme/’pathological’ demand avoidance. In particular, they highlight the pressing need to understand why some children exhibit problematic demand avoidance, and identify factors that promote and maintain these behaviours. As Green et al. () note, children with ASD often show a strong reactivity to the environment. As such, stimuli, activities or interactions that present no problems for typically developing children may unexpectedly provoke extremes of affect. Both Green and colleagues (2018) and Malik & Baird (this issue) highlight a number of possible contributory factors, including sensory sensitivities, difficulty in predicting outcomes, need for sameness, poor tolerance of uncertainty, and fluctuations in autonomic arousal.
Medication‐related dental implant failure: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chappuis Vivianne , Avila‐Ortiz Gustavo , Araújo Mauricio G. , Monje Alberto
Published: October 2018

Objectives

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the association between the intake of systemic medications that may affect bone metabolism and their subsequent impact on implant failures.

Material and methods

Electronic and manual literature searches were conducted. Implant failure (IF) was the primary outcome, while biological/mechanical and the causes/timing associated with IF were set as secondary outcomes. Meta‐analyses for the binary outcome IF and odds ratio were performed to investigate the association with medications.

Results

A final selection of 17 articles was screened for qualitative assessment. As such, five studies focused on evaluating the association of implant failure and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), two on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), two on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), seven on bisphosphonates (BPs), and one on anti‐hypertensives (AHTNs). For PPIs, the fixed effect model estimated a difference of IF rates of 4.3%, indicating significantly higher IF rates in the test compared to the control group (p < 0.5). Likewise, for SSRIs, the IF was shown to be significantly higher in the individuals taking SSRIs (p < 0.5) as estimated a difference of 7.5%. No subset meta‐analysis could be conducted for AHTNs medications as only one study fulfilled the inclusion criteria, which revealed an increased survival rate of AHTN medication. None of the other medications yielded significance.

Conclusions

The present systematic review showed an association of PPIs and SSRIs with an increased implant failure rate. Hence, clinicians considering implant therapy should be aware of possible medication‐related implant failures.
The accuracy of different dental impression techniques for implant‐supported dental prostheses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Flügge Tabea , van der Meer Wicher Joerd , Gonzalez Beatriz Gimenez , Vach Kirstin , Wismeijer Daniel , Wang Ping
Published: October 2018

Aim

This systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to assess and compare the accuracy of conventional and digital implant impressions. The review was registered on the PROSPERO register (registration number: CRD42016050730).

Material and Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted adhering to PRISMA guidelines to identify studies on implant impressions published between 2012 and 2017. Experimental and clinical studies at all levels of evidence published in peer‐reviewed journals were included, excluding expert opinions. Data extraction was performed along defined parameters for studied specimens, digital and conventional impression specifications and outcome assessment.

Results

Seventy‐nine studies were included for the systematic review, thereof 77 experimental studies, one RCT and one retrospective study. The study setting was in vitro for most of the included studies (75 studies) and in vivo for four studies. Accuracy of conventional impressions was examined in 59 studies, whereas digital impressions were examined in 11 studies. Nine studies compared the accuracy of conventional and digital implant impressions. Reported measurements for the accuracy include the following: (a) linear and angular deviations between reference models and test models fabricated with each impression technique; (b) three‐dimensional deviations between impression posts and scan bodies respectively; and (c) fit of implant‐supported frameworks, assessed by measuring marginal discrepancy along implant abutments.) Meta‐analysis was performed of 62 studies. The results of conventional and digital implant impressions exhibited high values for heterogeneity.

Conclusions

The available data for accuracy of digital and conventional implant impressions have a low evidence level and do not include sufficient data on in vivo application to derive clinical recommendations.
Patient‐reported outcome measures focusing on aesthetics of implant‐ and tooth‐supported fixed dental prostheses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wittneben Julia‐Gabriela , Wismeijer Daniel , Brägger Urs , Joda Tim , Abou‐Ayash Samir
Published: October 2018

Objectives

The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to summarize the existing evidence on patient‐reported aesthetic outcome measures (PROMs) of implant‐supported, relative to tooth‐supported fixed dental prostheses.

Material and Methods

In April 2017, two reviewers independently searched the Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane electronic databases, focusing on studies including patient‐reported aesthetic outcomes of implant‐ and tooth‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). Human studies with a mean follow‐up period of at least 1 year, a minimum of ten patients, and English, German, or French publication were included. For the comparison of subgroups, random‐effects meta‐regression for aggregate‐level data was used.

Results

The systematic search for implant‐supported prostheses focusing on patient‐reported outcomes identified 2,675 titles, which were screened by two independent authors. Fifty full‐text articles were analyzed, and finally, 16 publications (including 19 relevant study cohorts) were included. For tooth‐supported prostheses, no studies could be included. A total of 816 implant‐supported reconstructions were analyzed by patients. Overall aesthetic evaluation by the patients’ visual analogue scale (VAS) rating was high in implant‐supported FDPs (median: 90.3; min–max: 80.0–94.0) and the surrounding mucosa (median: 84.7; min–max: 73.0–92.0). Individual restorative materials, implant neck design (i.e., tissue or bone level type implants), and the use of a fixed provisional had no effect on patients’ ratings of the definitive implant‐supported FDPs.

Conclusions

Aesthetics is an important patient‐reported measure, which lacks in standardized methods; however, patients’ satisfaction was high for implant‐ supported FDPs and the surrounding mucosa.
Group 5 ITI Consensus Report: Digital technologies
Authors: Wismeijer Daniel , Joda Tim , Flügge Tabea , Fokas George , Tahmaseb Ali , Bechelli Diego , Bohner Lauren , Bornstein Michael , Burgoyne Allan , Caram Santiago , Carmichael Robert , Chen Chun‐Yung , Coucke Wim , Derksen Wiebe , Donos Nikos , El Kholy Karim , Evans Christopher , Fehmer Vincent , Fickl Stefan , Fragola Guliano , Gimenez Gonzales Beatriz , Gholami Hadi , Hashim Dena , Hui Yu , Kökat Ali , Vazouras Konstantinos , Kühl Sebastian , Lanis Alejandro , Leesungbok Richard , van der Meer Joerd , Liu Zhonghao , Sato Takahiro , De Souza Andre , Scarfe William C. , Tosta Mauro , van Zyl Paul , Vach Kirstin , Vaughn Vida , Vucetic Milan , Wang Ping , Wen Bo , Wu Vivian
Published: October 2018

Objectives

Working Group 5 was assigned the task to review the current knowledge in the area of digital technologies. Focused questions on accuracy of linear measurements when using CBCT, digital vs. conventional implant planning, using digital vs. conventional impressions and assessing the accuracy of static computer‐aided implant surgery (s‐CAIS) and patient‐related outcome measurements when using s‐CAIS were addressed.

Materials and methods

The literature was systematically searched, and in total, 232 articles were selected and critically reviewed following PRISMA guidelines. Four systematic reviews were produced in the four subject areas and amply discussed in the group. After emendation, they were presented to the plenary where after further modification, they were accepted.

Results

Static computer‐aided surgery (s‐CAIS), in terms of pain & discomfort, economics and intraoperative complications, is beneficial compared with conventional implant surgery. When using s‐CAIS in partially edentulous cases, a higher level of accuracy can be achieved when compared to fully edentulous cases. When using an intraoral scanner in edentulous cases, the results are dependent on the protocol that has been followed. The accuracy of measurements on CBCT scans is software dependent.

Conclusions

Because the precision intraoral scans and of measurements on CBCT scans and is not high enough to allow for the required accuracy, s‐CAIS should be considered as an additional tool for comprehensive diagnosis, treatment planning, and surgical procedures. Flapless s‐CAIS can lead to implant placement outside of the zone of keratinized mucosa and thus must be executed with utmost care.
Cathepsin B inhibition ameliorates leukocyte‐endothelial adhesion in the BTBR mouse model of autism
Authors: Wang Huan , Yin Yi‐Xuan , Gong Dong‐Mei , Hong Ling‐Juan , Wu Gang , Jiang Quan , Wang Cheng‐Kun , Blinder Pablo , Long Sen , Han Feng , Lu Ying‐Mei
Published: October 2018

Aims

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders involving deficits in social interaction and communication. Unfortunately, autism remains a scientific and clinical challenge owing to the lack of understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying it. This study aimed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanism underlying leukocyte‐endothelial adhesion in autism‐related neurovascular inflammation.

Methods

Male BTBR T+tf/J mice were used as an autism model. The dynamic pattern of leukocyte‐endothelial adhesion in mouse cerebral vessels was detected by two‐photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). Using FACS, RT‐PCR, and Western blotting, we explored the expression of cell adhesion molecules, the mRNA expression of endothelial chemokine, the protein levels of cathepsin B, and inflammatory mediators.

Results

We found a significant increase in leukocyte‐endothelial adhesion in BTBR mice, accompanied by elevated expression of the adhesion molecule neutrophils CD11b and endothelial ICAM‐1. Our data further indicate that elevated neutrophil cathepsin B levels contribute to elevated endothelial chemokine CXCL7 levels in BTBR mice. The pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin B reverses the enhanced leukocyte‐endothelial adhesion in the cerebral vessels of autistic mice.

Conclusion

Our results revealed the prominent role of cathepsin B in modulating leukocyte‐endothelial adhesion during autism‐related neurovascular inflammation and identified a promising novel approach for autism treatment.
Do Metaphors Move From Mind to Mouth? Evidence From a New System of Linguistic Metaphors for Time
Authors: Hendricks Rose K. , Bergen Benjamin K. , Marghetis Tyler
Published: October 2018

Languages around the world use a recurring strategy to discuss abstract concepts: describe them metaphorically, borrowing language from more concrete domains. We “plan ahead” to the future, “count up” to higher numbers, and “warm” to new friends. Past work has found that these ways of talking have implications for how we think, so that shared systems of linguistic metaphors can produce shared conceptualizations. On the other hand, these systematic linguistic metaphors might not just be the cause but also the effect of shared, non‐linguistic ways of thinking. Here, we present a case study of a variety of American English in which a shared, non‐linguistic conceptualization of time has become crystallized as a new system of linguistic metaphors. Speakers of various languages, including English, conceptualize time as a lateral timeline, with the past leftward and the future rightward. Until now, this conceptualization has not been documented in the speech of any language. In two studies, we document how members of the U.S. military, but not U.S. civilians, talk about time using conventionalized lateral metaphors (e.g., “move the meeting right” to mean “move the meeting later”). We argue that, under the right cultural circumstances, implicit mental representations become conventionalized metaphors in language.
Getting less than their fair share: Maltreated youth are hyper‐cooperative yet vulnerable to exploitation in a public goods game
Authors: Keil Jan , Perren Sonja , Schlesier‐Michel Andrea , Sticca Fabio , Sierau Susan , Klein Annette M. , Steinbeis Nikolaus , von Klitzing Kai , White Lars O.
Published: October 2018

Human cooperative behavior has long been thought to decline under adversity. However, studies have primarily examinedperceivedpatterns of cooperation, with little eye toactualcooperative behavior embedded within social interaction. Game‐theoretical paradigms can help close this gap by unpacking subtle differences in how cooperation unfolds during initial encounters. This study is the first to use a child‐appropriate, virtual, public goods game to studyactualcooperative behavior in 329 participants aged 9–16 years with histories of maltreatment (n = 99) and no maltreatment (n = 230) while controlling for psychiatric symptoms. Unlike work on perceived patterns of cooperation, we found that maltreated participants actually contribute more resources to a public good during peer interaction than their nonmaltreated counterparts. This effect was robust when controlling for psychiatric symptoms and peer problems as well as demographic variables. We conclude that maltreatment may engender a hyper‐cooperative strategy to minimize the odds of hostility and preserve positive interaction during initial encounters. This, however, comes at the cost of potential exploitation by others.
Masdar City as a Prototype for Eco‐Cities
Authors: Grey Felicia A.
Published: October 2018

This paper examines the Emirati attempts to revolutionize how urban development is conceptualized and operationalized through its Masdar City project. It argues that although incomplete, the city has become an ecologically friendly space that facilitates technological, economic, social, and educational development. Economic, carbon, and policy issues, however, have affected the completion and full functioning of the City. As a possible prototype for eco‐cities, location, space, and oil influence distinguish the United Arab Emirates from a lot of countries. Masdar City’s structural design, solar energy techniques, and transportation plans, however, are features that can be modeled to build other eco‐cities. The United Arab Emirates can therefore use this venture as a soft power tool as Masdar City’s appeal makes it more culturally, technologically, and environmentally attractive to the rest of the world.
Echocardiography during preload stress for evaluation of right ventricular contractile reserve and exercise capacity in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Sano Hiroyuki , Tanaka Hidekazu , Motoji Yoshiki , Mukai Jun , Suto Makiko , Takada Hiroki , Soga Fumitaka , Hatani Yutaka , Matsuzoe Hiroki , Hatazawa Keiko , Shimoura Hiroyuki , Ooka Junichi , Nakayama Kazuhiko , Matsumoto Kensuke , Yamada Hirotsugu , Emoto Noriaki , Hirata Ken‐ichi
Published: October 2018

Objectives

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by marked and sustained elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure, and subsequent right‐sided heart failure. Right ventricular (RV) function and exercise capacity have been recognized as important prognostic factors for PH. Our aim was to investigate RV contractile reserve and exercise capacity during a leg‐positive pressure (LPP) maneuver.

Methods

The study population comprised 43 PH patients and 17 normal controls. All patients underwent echocardiography at rest and during LPP stress. Exercise capacity was assessed by 6‐minute walk distance for PH patients. RV relative wall thickness was calculated from dividing by RV free wall thickness by basal RV linear dimensions at end‐diastole. RV function was calculated by averaging peak speckle‐tracking longitudinal strain from the RV free wall. RV contractile reserve was assessed as the difference in RV free wall strain at rest and during LPP stress. Changes in left ventricular stroke volume (ΔSV) during LPP stress were also calculated.

Results

ΔSV and RV contractile reserve of PH patients were significantly lower than of controls (3.6 ± 6.0 mL vs 8.5 ± 2.3 mL, and 8.2 ± 11.9% vs 14.5 ± 6.6%; both P < 0.01). RV contractile reserve of PH patients with ΔSV <3.3 mL was significantly lower than of PH patients with ΔSV >3.3 mL (3.9 ± 13.2% vs 12.3 ± 8.9%; P = 0.02). ΔSV had also significant correlation with 6‐minute walk distance (r = 0.42, P = 0.006). Multivariate regression analysis showed that RV relative wall thickness was an independent determinant parameter of ΔSV during LPP stress for PH patients (β = 3.2, P = 0.003).

Conclusions

Preload stress echocardiography in response to LPP maneuver, a noninvasive and easy‐to‐use procedure for routine clinical use, proved to be useful for the assessment of RV contractile reserve and exercise capacity of PH patients.
Coronary artery fistula detected with transesophageal echocardiography: An unexpected cause of pulmonary hypertension and chest pain
Authors: Erdogan Emrah , Cap Murat , Topel Cagdas , Efe Suleyman C. , Gurbuz Ahmet S.
Published: October 2018

Coronary artery fistulae are congenital cardiac abnormalities characterized by an abnormal communication between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber, systemic or pulmonary vessel. Most of the cases are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during an angiography. We describe a rare case of a right coronary artery fistula draining to the right atrium, manifesting in chest pain and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The fistula was detected on transesophageal echocardiography during the workup for PAH.
Prevalence and predictors of restrictive interventions in a youth‐specific mental health inpatient unit
Authors: Goz Kubra , Rudhran Vidyendaran , Blackburn Julie , Schäfer Miriam R. , O'Donoghue Brian
Published: October 2018

Introduction

The use of restrictive interventions is one of the most controversial practices in medicine. They are utilized in an inpatient setting to manage agitated or aggressive behaviour or to ensure that an individual receives the necessary treatments. However, restrictive interventions remove autonomy and adverse events can be associated with their practice. Youth‐specific inpatient units (IPUs) are now being established and it is imperative that the use of restrictive interventions is reduced. In order to inform and facilitate prevention and reduction strategies, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of restrictive interventions (restraint, seclusion and medication without consent) in a youth specialist mental health IPU.

Methods

This study was set at a 16‐bed youth specialist acute IPU of Orygen Youth Health, a specialist youth mental health service that provides inpatient care for those aged 18 to 25 years within a catchment area of west and north‐western regions of Melbourne, Australia. A retrospective file audit was conducted of all the admissions to the unit from 01 January 2015 to 30 June 2015.

Results

Over the 6‐month study period, 159 young people were admitted and this accounted for 188 admissions. Over half (54.3%) of admissions were involuntary and restrictive intervention were used in 17.6% of admissions. Specifically, 15.7% (N = 25) of young people experienced restraint, 10.1% (N = 16) were secluded, and 8.1% (N = 12) experienced medication without consent. Absent insight and involuntary status on admission were associated with restrictive interventions.

Conclusion

As youth mental health services develop, interventions aimed at reducing restrictive interventions are needed.
CCN proteins as potential actionable targets in scleroderma
Authors: Henrot Pauline , Truchetet Marie‐Elise , Fisher Gary , Taïeb Alain , Cario Muriel
Published: October 2018

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune connective tissue disease combining inflammatory, vasculopathic and fibrotic manifestations. Skin features, which give their name to the disease and are considered as diagnostic as well as prognostic markers, have not been thoroughly investigated in terms of therapeutic targets. CCN proteins (CYR61/CCN1, CTGF/CCN2, NOV/CCN3 and WISP1‐2‐3 as CCN4‐5‐6) are a family of secreted matricellular proteins implicated in major cellular processes such as cell growth, migration, differentiation. They have already been implicated in key pathophysiological processes of SSc, namely fibrosis, vasculopathy and inflammation. In this review, we discuss the possible implication of CCN proteins in SSc pathogenesis, with a special focus on skin features, and identify the potential actionable CCN targets.
Research of photosynthesis and genomewide resequencing on a yellow‐leaf Lotus japonicus mutant induced by carbon ion beam irradiation
Authors: Cui Tao , Luo Shanwei , Du Yan , Yu Lixia , Yang Jiangyan , Li Wenjian , Chen Xia , Li Xin , Wang Jie , Zhou Libin
Published: October 2018

Carbon ion beam is an advanced physical mutagen that is used for mutation breeding and functional genomics research. Using carbon ion beams, a stable Lotus japonicus mutant C16 which showed yellow leaves and reduced height compared with the laboratory wild type was obtained in our previous study. Yellow‐leaf mutation is a desirable characteristic for studying photosynthesis. The photosynthetic‐related physiological indexes, including the content of chlorophylls and the ratio of variable fluorescence (Fv) over the maximum fluorescence value (Fm) (maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the dark) of leaves between laboratory wild type and C16, were investigated. C16 showed lower amount of chlorophylls than that of laboratory wild type, as well as a relatively photosynthetic capacity. Meanwhile, to comprehend the molecular mechanism underlying the mutant, genomewide resequencing was performed to identify the mutational site responsible for the yellow‐leaf phenotype causing the weaker photosynthetic capacity. Ninety‐five single‐base substitutions and 17 small insertions and deletions were found in C16 mutant. Among those, by association analysis of functional annotation and mutant phenotype, T>G SBS in chromosome 5 located in Lj5g3v1669360.1 which encodes arabinogalactan protein was supposed as candidate mutation sites. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the expression level of Lj5g3v1669360.1 in C16 was significantly lower than that of laboratory wild type. Decreased expression of the Lj5g3v1669360.1 may be responsible for the smaller amount of chlorophylls causing yellow leaves, the weaker photosynthetic capacity of C16, and resulting in slow growth.
Prevalence, predictive factors and clinical course of persistent pain associated with teeth displaying periapical healing following nonsurgical root canal treatment: a prospective study
Authors: Philpott R. , Gulabivala K. , Leeson R. , Ng Y.‐L.
Published: October 2018

Aims

To investigate the prevalence, pain catastrophizing and other predictive factors and clinical course of persistent pain/discomfort associated with teeth displaying periapical healing following nonsurgical root canal treatment (NSRCT).

Methodology

One hundred and ninety‐eight patients (264 teeth) who had NSRCT were reviewed at 5–14 months, postoperatively. Teeth with persistent post‐treatment pain or discomfort, plus evidence of periapical healing were further monitored 0.5, 4 and 10 years later. Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Short Form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ) were completed. Predictive factors were investigated using logistic regression models.

Results

Twenty‐four per cent (60/249) of teeth displaying periapical healing at first review were associated with persistent pain or discomfort. Fifty‐five teeth monitored 6–7 months later were associated with reduction in pain (17/30) or discomfort (7/25). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of eight teeth with persistent symptoms and complete periapical healing (by conventional radiographs) revealed distinct, small apical radiolucencies (n = 3) or root apex fenestration through the buccal plate (n = 2). History of chronic pain (headache, temporo‐mandibular joint, masticatory muscle, neck, shoulder or back pain; P = 0.005), preoperative pain (P = 0.04), responsive pulp (P = 0.009), tooth crack (P = 0.05) and small periapical radiolucency (P = 0.005) were significant predictive factors. The PCS revealed 16 patients (22 teeth) were catastrophizers (PCS ≥ 30), but this had no influence on post‐treatment symptoms (P = 0.5).

Conclusions

Persistent pain or discomfort associated with teeth showing periapical healing at the first review after NSRCT, decreased in intensity in most cases over the following 6 months. Longer‐term follow‐up revealed spontaneous improvement or symptom resolution in the majority of those with confirmed radiographic the absence of periapical disease. Five predictive factors (history of chronic pain, teeth with responsive pulps, association with pain, diagnosis of tooth crack before treatment and diameter of preoperative radiolucency) were identified.
Cellular antioxidant activity and Caco‐2 cell uptake characteristics of flavone extracts from Labisia pumila
Authors: Wu Hui , Xi Hongru , Lai Furao , Ma Juanjuan , Chen Wenbo , Liu Huifan
Published: October 2018

The structures of two extracts of flavone , obtained from the stem (L40) and leaf (S40) of Labisia pumila (LP), were identified through UHPLC‐MS/MS analysis. An 2,2′‐azobis[2‐methylpropionamidine] dihydrochloride (AAPH)‐induced hemolysis model was used and the results indicate the protective effects of flavone extracts on erythrocytes against AAPH‐induced oxidative stress, in which L40 treatment performed the better. Quantitative analysis of variations in antioxidative‐associated enzyme and non‐enzyme systems within the erythrocytes were conducted and led to the identification of protective pathways in which flavone extracts could pass through the cell membrane and act as AAPH‐free radical scavengers. Absorptivity of flavone extracts was characterised using a Caco‐2 monolayer model, in which the apparent permeability coefficient indicated that both types of flavone extracts were readily absorbed compounds, while L40 showed better intestinal absorptivity. Therefore, we conclude that flavonoid extracts from the leaf of LP show remarkable potential functional effects on human health.
The effects of fish meat and fish bone addition on nutritional value, texture and microstructure of optimised fried snacks
Authors: Nawaz Asad , Xiong Zhouyi , Xiong Hanguo , Chen Lei , Wang Peng‐kai , Ahmad Ishtiaq , Hu Chun , Irshad Sana , Ali Shinawar Waseem
Published: October 2018

The aim of present study was to prepare the micro size fish bone dispersion (F.B) by a novel method and fortified in snacks based on wheat flour (W.F) with fish meat (F.M) addition. A formulation blend of W.F 10–50 g, potato powder (P.P) 0–40 g, F.M 0–30 g and F.B 0–20 g was used to investigate different responses using response surface methodology (RSM). The results revealed that F.M significantly (P < 0.05) influenced on protein content and inverse relation with water holding capacity (WHC) and hardness. Whereas, F.B increased hardness, ash and calcium contents but decreased WHC, expansion and colour parameters. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the effect of independent variables on morphology of the product. Optimised formulation (w/w) was W.F 35.71%, P.P 28.57%, F.M 21.42% and F.B 14.28% with 37% bioavailable calcium, improved texture and nutritional value.
Boarfish (Capros aper) protein hydrolysate has potent insulinotropic and GLP‐1 secretory activity in vitro and acute glucose lowering effects in mice
Authors: Parthsarathy Vadivel , McLaughlin Christopher M. , Harnedy Padraigin A. , Allsopp Philip J. , Crowe William , McSorley Emeir M. , FitzGerald Richard J. , O'Harte Finbarr P. M.
Published: October 2018

The anti‐diabetic actions of a boarfish protein hydrolysate (BPH) were investigated in cultured cells and mice. A boarfish (Capros aper) muscle protein hydrolysate was generated using the enzymes Alcalase 2.4 L and Flavourzyme 500 L. Furthermore, the BPH was subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID). BPH and SGID samples (0.01–2.5 mg mL−1) were tested in vitro for DPP‐IV inhibition and insulin and GLP‐1 secretory activity from BRIN‐BD11 and GLUTag cells, respectively. The BPH and SGID samples, caused a dose‐dependent increase (4.2 to 5.3‐fold, P < 0.001) in insulin secretion from BRIN‐BD11 cells and inhibited DPP‐IV activity (IC50 1.18 ± 0.04 and 1.21 ± 0.04 mg mL−1), respectively. The SGID sample produced a 1.3‐fold (P < 0.01) increase in GLP‐1 secretion. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted in healthy mice (n = 8), with or without BPH (50 mg/kg bodyweight). BPH mediated an increase in plasma insulin levels (AUC(0–120 min), P < 0.05) and a consequent reduction in blood glucose concentration (P < 0.01), after OGTT in mice versus controls. The BPH showed potent anti‐diabetic actions in cells and improved glucose tolerance in mice.
Discrimination of pork/chicken adulteration in minced mutton by electronic taste system
Authors: Tian Xiaojing , Wang Jun , Shen Ruiqian , Ma Zhongren , Li Mingsheng
Published: October 2018

The adulteration of minced mutton was studied by an electronic taste system with cross‐sensitive sensor array, providing a global liquid and taste perception to soluble flavour compounds in meat. The responses of taste sensors to adulterated mutton were collected, and analysed by multivariate data analysis methods. For discrimination of meat species and adulterated mutton with different content of pork/chicken, canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and bayes discriminant analysis (BDA) and principle component analysis (PCA) were employed. The PCA and CDA results showed that meat of different species could be distinguished by E‐tongue responses. The CDA and BDA results showed effective classification results. For prediction of pork/chicken content in adulterated mutton, Multiple linear regression (MLR), Partial least square analysis (PLS) and Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LS‐SVM) were used, and the results were compared, finding that LS‐SVM was proved to be the most effective method for the prediction of pork/chicken content.
Consumers’ attitude towards food by‐products: the influence of food technology neophobia, education and information
Authors: Cattaneo Camilla , Lavelli Vera , Proserpio Cristina , Laureati Monica , Pagliarini Ella
Published: October 2018

The aim of the present study was to investigate how food technology neophobia level, socio‐economic variables and information about novel foods and technologies may affect consumers’ attitude towards uses of food by‐products in relation to positive effects on environment and consumers’ health. Results suggested that education and, most of all food technology neophobia and information, can be critical factors in facilitating the widespread adoption of new food technologies. Moreover, positive attitudes towards food by‐products were found, even in people characterised by a greater food neophobia and lower education level. These positive attitudes could be considered a starting point for the food industry to design novel recycling strategies of food by‐products in the perspective of the circular economy.
Investigation into the potential of commercially available lesser mealworm (A. diaperinus) protein to serve as sources of peptides with DPP‐IV inhibitory activity
Authors: Lacroix Isabelle M. E. , Dávalos Terán Irene , Fogliano Vincenzo , Wichers Harry J.
Published: October 2018

Food‐derived peptides are known to possess inhibitory activity against the dipeptidyl‐peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) enzyme, a target in the management of type 2 diabetes. While proteins from commonly consumed food commodities have been investigated as precursors of DPP‐IV‐inhibiting peptides, studies on novel protein sources, such as those from insects, are sparse. This research aimed to determine if DPP‐IV inhibitors can be generated upon in vitro digestion or enzymatic hydrolysis of lesser mealworm protein isolate and concentrate. Treatment of the proteins with digestive enzymes and proteases generated hydrolysates with varying potency, thermolysin being the most effective at releasing active peptides (IC50 = 0.63 and 0.60 mg mL−1 for the isolate and concentrate). Ultrafiltration of the thermolysin‐treated hydrolysates did not significantly improve the potency. This study shows that DPP‐IV inhibitors can be generated from lesser mealworm protein and provides insight on the potential of insects to serve as functional food ingredients.
Purification and identification of rice bran (Oryza sativa L.) phenolic compounds with in‐vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity using macroporous resins
Authors: Aalim Halah , Belwal Tarun , Wang Youyong , Luo Zisheng , Hu Juwu
Published: October 2018

This study was designed to establish an efficient purification method for phenolic compounds from rice bran and to acquire insightful knowledge of purification impact on its chemical constituents, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. Among the eight macroporous resins investigated, HPD‐300 resin was verified to bosses superior adsorption and desorption qualities for the extract. Purification parameters were optimised. Eighteen phenolic compounds were identified using HPLC‐PDA, the contents of ferulic acid and syringaldehyde were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the other constituents. However, phenolic compounds concentrations varied significantly (P < 0.05) after HPD‐300 resin purification. In addition, the extract exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) increase in total flavonoid contents, in vitro antioxidant (DPPH and FRAP) and antidiabetic (α‐glucosidase and BSA‐glycation inhibition) activity after HPD‐300 resin treatment. These findings indicate that selection of resin and applying optimal purification condition is an appropriate economical approach for obtaining bioactive phenolic compounds from rice bran.
Training programs’ return on investment in the Portuguese railway company: a fuzzy‐set Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Curado Carla , Bernardino Gonçalo
Published: October 2018

The evaluation of training is important because of the resources committed to training and the need for an effective performance by employees, but in practice, it is difficult to measure the return on training investment (ROI). Here, we follow the Kirkpatrick and Phillips model to measure the ROI from 327 training programs at the Portuguese national railway company in the calendar year 2016. Additionally, we use a fuzzy‐set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) on company records to determine the causal configurations that lead to higher values of ROI. In doing so, we add to the measurement literature but our major contribution is the use of fsQCA to provide a deeper analysis than hitherto of the factors associated with higher or lower ROI. The findings show the importance of complex causation for ROI and offer five alternative configurations of conditions that lead to higher ROI values. There are only three configurations of conditions that lead to lower ROI values. Further, the results show the importance of organizing training programs in small groups. Although the results cannot be generalized due to the use of national data in the study, the proposed method of analysis is generally applicable.
Droit formel ou droit effectif? Pourquoi et comment mesurer l'intensité des dispositifs mis en place pour assurer l'application de la législation
Authors: KANBUR Ravi , RONCONI Lucas
Published: October 2018

L'écart entre le droit et sa réalisation est bien analysé sur le plan théorique. Dans les travaux empiriques, faute de données appropriées, on continue pourtant de se fonder sur les règles formelles pour évaluer l'effet du droit du travail et dénoncer son caractère préjudiciable le cas échéant. Dans ce contexte, les auteurs proposent d'utiliser, en complément, des mesures de l'intensité des dispositifs de contrôle et de sanction. Ces mesures, disponibles pour tous les pays quasiment, font apparaître une corrélation négative entre rigueur du droit et intensité du dispositif répressif, et un nouvel indicateur du droit effectif permet d'infirmer les conclusions des études précédentes.
Estabilidad laboral en Europa a lo largo del ciclo económico
Authors: BACHMANN Ronald , FELDER Rahel
Published: October 2018

En este artículo se investiga la evolución de la antigüedad en el empleo durante el periodo de 2002 a 2012 según los microdatos de la Encuesta de Población Activa de la UE. Se observa un leve aumento de la antigüedad media al nivel de la UE como consecuencia del despido masivo de trabajadores temporales durante la crisis. Los cambios en la composición demográfica de la población ocupada revelan una tendencia negativa subyacente en la antigüedad media. La evolución de la antigüedad es heterogénea en el seno de la UE, lo que señala la importancia del marco institucional y, en particular, de la legislación de protección del empleo.
Diabetes screening among active tuberculosis patients in Western Australia Tuberculosis Control Program using HbA1c
Authors: Lu Cheng L. , Perera Ruad , Farrah Hussein , Waring Justin
Published: October 2018

Background

Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), and studies in high TB burden countries have shown diabetes screening to be both feasible and to have a high yield. However, scarce information is available for low TB burden countries. Diabetes screening was previously not part of our routine practice.

Aim

To screen and determine the prevalence of diabetes in the Western Australian Tuberculosis Control Program.

Methods

We measured HbA1c and random plasma glucose in patients with active TB. We also collected details on their demographics, TB and diabetes.

Results

A total of 105 patients was recruited over a year. Of those, 17 (16.2%) had diabetes. Seven cases (6.7%) were newly diagnosed diabetics. Age, cavitating disease and family history of diabetes were found to be significantly associated with diabetes. Multilobar disease, gender, body mass index, smear and culture positivity were not significantly different between groups.

Conclusion

Our study showed high prevalence of diabetes among active TB patients. Diabetes screening at diagnosis of active TB presents as a good opportunity to detect diabetes even in low prevalence country and has become part of our standard care.