bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ectomycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal rhizosphere fungi increase root‐derived C input to soil and modify enzyme activities: A 14C pulse labelling of Picea abies seedlings
Authors: Zhou Jie , Gube Matthias , Holz Maire , Song Bin , Shan Immo , Shi Lingling , Kuzyakov Yakov , Dippold Michaela A. , Pausch Johanna
Published: August 2022

Consequences of interactions between ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF) and non‐mycorrhizal rhizosphere fungi (NMRF) for plant carbon (C) allocation belowground and nutrient cycling in soil remain unknown. To address this topic, we performed a mesocosm study with Norway spruce seedlings [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst] inoculated with EcMF, NMRF, or a mixture of both (MIX). 14CO2 pulse labelling of spruce was applied to trace and visualize the 14C incorporation into roots, rhizohyphosphere and hyphosphere. Activities and localization of enzymes involved in the C, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling were visualized using zymography. Spruce seedlings inoculated with EcMF and NMRF allocated more C to soils (EcMF: 10.7%; NMRF: 3.5% of total recovered C) compared to uninoculated control seedlings. The 14C activity in the hyphosphere was highest for EcMF and lowest for NMRF. In the presence of both, NMRF and EcMF (MIX), the 14C activity was 64% lower compared with EcMF inoculation alone. This suggests a suppressed C allocation via EcMF likely due to the competition between EcMF and NMRF for N and P. Furthermore, we observed 57% and 49% higher chitinase and leucine‐aminopeptidase activities in the rhizohyphosphere of EcMF compared to the uninoculated control, respectively. In contrast, β‐glucosidase activity (14.3 nmol cm−2 h−1) was highest in NMRF likely because NMRF consumed rhizodeposits efficiently. This was further supported by that enzyme stoichiometry in soil with EcMF shifted to a higher investment of nutrient acquisition enzymes (e.g., chitinase, leucine‐aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase) compared to NMRF inoculation, where investment in β‐glucosidase increased. In conclusion, the alleviation of EcMF from C limitation promotes higher activities of enzymes involved in the N and P cycle to cover the nutrient demand of EcMF and host seedlings. In contrast, C limitation of NMRF probably led to a shift in investment towards higher activities of enzymes involved in the C cycle.
Functional characterization of the three Oryza sativa SPX‐MFS proteins in maintaining phosphate homoeostasis
Authors: Guo Runze , Zhang Qi , Ying Yinghui , Liao Wenying , Liu Yu , Whelan James , Chuanzao Mao , Shou Huixia
Published: August 2022

Plant vacuoles serve as the primary intracellular compartments for phosphorus (P) storage. The Oryza sativa genome contains three genes that encode SPX (
SYG1/
PHO81/
XPR1)‐MFS (
Major
Facility
Superfamily) proteins (OsSPX‐MFS1‐3). The physiological roles of the three transporters under varying P conditions in laboratory and field are not known. To address this knowledge gap, we generated single, double and triple mutants for three OsSPX‐MFS genes. All the mutants except Osspx‐mfs2 display lower vacuolar Pi concentrations and OsSPX‐MFSs overexpression plant display higher Pi accumulation, demonstrating that all OsSPX‐MFSs are vacuolar Pi influx transporters. OsSPX‐MFS3 plays the dominant role based on the phenotypes of single mutants in terms of growth, vacuolar and tissue Pi concentrations. OsSPX‐MFS2 is the weakest and only functions as vacuole Pi sequestration in an Osspx‐mfs1/3 background. The vacuolar Pi sequestration capacity was severely impaired in Osspx‐mfs1/3 and Osspx‐mfs1/2/3, which resulted in increased Pi allocation to aerial organs. High P in the panicle impaired panicle and fertility in Osspx‐mfs1/3 and Osspx‐mfs1/2/3. Osspx‐mfs2 resulted in a more stable yield compared to the wild type under low P in field grown plants. The results suggest that alteration of vacuolar Pi sequestration may be a novel effective strategy to improve rice tolerance to low phosphorus in cropping systems.
Real‐world etiologies and treatments of pediatric short bowel syndrome in Japan
Authors: Tazuke Yuko , Udagawa Eri , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Nakamura Shiro , Fernandez Jovelle , Okuyama Hiroomi
Published: August 2022

Background

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare disease that can result in intestinal failure (IF). Short bowel syndrome intestinal failure leads to stunted growth and development and high mortality rates. The primary goal of treatment is to enhance intestinal adaptation and nutrient absorption. Parenteral nutrition (PN) is used to support this process until enteral autonomy can be restored. Some patients experience prolonged partial or complete dependency on PN and face an increased risk of life‐threatening catheter‐related bloodstream infections and intestinal failure‐associated liver disease. This study aimed to provide real‐world insights into the patient characteristics and treatment dynamics of PN‐dependent children with SBS‐IF in Japan.

Methods

This retrospective observational study used anonymized information from a large hospital‐based medical insurance database to identify pediatric patients who received PN for ≥6 months between April 2008 and January 2020. The primary endpoint was weaning from PN. Secondary endpoints included duration and complications of PN.

Results

Forty‐eight children (mean age, 2.9 years) were eligible for inclusion. The most common causes of SBS‐IF were mechanical bowel obstruction, functional bowel disorders, and Hirschsprung's disease. Twenty‐two patients (45.8%) were weaned from PN during the study. The mean time to first weaning was 464.2 days and five patients (22.7%) restarted PN. The mean total duration of PN was 692.6 days in weaned patients and 1,170.9 days in unweaned patients. The most frequent complications were sepsis, catheter infections (both 79.2%), and liver dysfunction (64.6%).

Conclusions

Pediatric patients with SBS‐IF faced difficulties when weaning off PN and rates of life‐threatening complications were high.
Minimal invasiveness in the alveolar ridge preservation, with or without concomitant implant placement
Authors: Araújo Maurício G. , Hürzeler Markus B. , Dias Debora R. , Matarazzo Flavia
Published: August 2022

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the benefit of ridge preservation (RP) with minimally invasive (MI) approaches with or without concomitant implant placement on morbidity, esthetics, and patient‐related outcomes. Three Internet sources were used to search for appropriate papers. The search strategy was designed to include any clinical study published on RP with MI approaches such as flapless surgery, socket shield and socket sealing techniques and, use of biological agents. Characteristics of the individual studies, regarding methodological aspects, quantitative and qualitative data were extracted. The potential risk of bias was estimated, and the acquired evidence was graded. Independent screening of 860 reports resulted in 26 included original articles. Nine publications evaluated MI approaches for RP without concomitant implant placement. Eleven studies evaluated interventions for RP with immediate implant placement (IIP). Six studies compared RP with IIP vs RP without IIP. This systematic review found that MI approaches in most of the studies failed to improve clinical variables regarding morbidity, esthetics, and patient‐related outcomes. Based on the limited number of studies analyzed and the methodological discrepancies observed, it is not possible to confirm that MI approaches promote a significant benefit when applied to RP procedures.
Social security or insecurity? The experience of welfare participation by financially vulnerable households in the Netherlands
Authors: Simonse Olaf , Vanderveen Gabry , van Dillen Lotte F. , van Dijk Wilco W. , van Dijk Eric
Published: August 2022

Social welfare aims to support financially vulnerable households by protecting them from financial shocks and providing them with a basic standard of living. Many eligible households, however, do not take up social welfare. We present the results of in‐depth interviews with 31 members of financially vulnerable households in two large Dutch cities about their experiences with welfare. We examined the role of money in their lives, what inhibited them from taking up social welfare, and how they sought support. For many interviewed households, money was a source of stress. The fear of reclaims and mistrust of government institutions were the main inhibitors to participating in welfare programs. Whereas the experience of shame and stigma were substantial inhibitors for claiming local welfare benefits, they were not for participating in national welfare programs. Formal and informal help promoted welfare participation, but many participants lacked access to both. We discuss policies that could decrease the perceived uncertainty of benefits receipt and give directions for future research.
A Ghd7‐centered regulatory network provides a mechanistic approximation to optimal heterosis in an elite rice hybrid
Authors: Wang Xianmeng , Zhou Tianhao , Li Guangwei , Yao Wen , Hu Wei , Wei Xin , Che Jian , Yang Haichuan , Shao Lin , Hua Jinping , Li Xianghua , Xiao Jinghua , Xing Yongzhong , Ouyang Yidan , Zhang Qifa
Published: August 2022

Heterosis refers to the superior performance of hybrids over their parents, which is a general phenomenon occurring in diverse organisms. Many commercial hybrids produce high yield without delayed flowering, which we refer to as optimal heterosis and is desired in hybrid breeding. Here, we attempted to illustrate the genomic basis of optimal heterosis by reinvestigating the single‐locus quantitative trait loci and digenic interactions of two traits, the number of spikelets per panicle (SP) and heading date (HD), using recombinant inbred lines and ‘immortalized F2s’ derived from the elite rice (Oryza sativa) hybrid Shanyou 63. Our analysis revealed a regulatory network that may provide an approximation to the genetic constitution of the optimal heterosis observed in this hybrid. In this network, Ghd7 works as the core element, and three other genes, Ghd7.1, Hd1, and Hd3a/RFT1, also have major roles. The effects of positive dominance by Ghd7 and Ghd7.1 and negative dominance by Hd1 and Hd3a/RFT1 in the hybrid background contribute the major part to the high SP without delaying HD; numerous epistatic interactions, most of which involve Ghd7, also play important roles collectively. The results expand our understanding of the genic interaction networks underlying hybrid rice breeding programs, which may be very useful in future crop genetic improvement.
Evolution of factors shaping the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Kontou Aspasia , Herman Emily K. , Field Mark C. , Dacks Joel B. , Koumandou V. Lila
Published: August 2022

Endomembrane system compartments are significant elements in virtually all eukaryotic cells, supporting functions including protein synthesis, post‐translational modifications and protein/lipid targeting. In terms of membrane area the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle, but the origins of proteins defining the organelle and the nature of lineage‐specific modifications remain poorly studied. To understand the evolution of factors mediating ER morphology and function we report a comparative genomics analysis of experimentally characterized ER‐associated proteins involved in maintaining ER structure. We find that reticulons, REEPs, atlastins, Ufe1p, Use1p, Dsl1p, TBC1D20, Yip3p and VAPs are highly conserved, suggesting an origin at least as early as the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA), although many of these proteins possess additional non‐ER functions in modern eukaryotes. Secondary losses are common in individual species and in certain lineages, for example lunapark is missing from the Stramenopiles and the Alveolata. Lineage‐specific innovations include protrudin, Caspr1, Arl6IP1, p180, NogoR, kinectin and CLIMP‐63, which are restricted to the Opisthokonta. Hence, much of the machinery required to build and maintain the ER predates the LECA, but alternative strategies for the maintenance and elaboration of ER shape and function are present in modern eukaryotes. Moreover, experimental investigations for ER maintenance factors in diverse eukaryotes are expected to uncover novel mechanisms.
Effect of the Added Thickening Agents on the Thermal and Physical Properties of the Nucleating Agent-Free Na2HPO4 · 12H2O
Authors: Luo Kai , Zeng Zui , Ye Weiliang , Wu Dengke , Liu Jingtao
Published: August 2022

Disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (DHPD) is a kind of phase-change hydrated material that has been widely used in heat-storage technology, but it has the common problems of supercooling and phase-separation of hydrated salts; therefore, the addition of a nucleating and thickening agent is a traditional method to solve the aforementioned problems. In this article, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and xanthan gum (XG) are used to improve the supercooling and phase-separation properties of the hydrated phase-change salts. The phase transition characteristics and cycling stability are analyzed in detail with the solidification curve, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetry (TG), and thermal cycling experiments. The thickening water absorption of CMC and XG decreases the supercooling properties of DHPD without the addition of nucleating agents. The addition of 5% XG together with 2% CMC reduces the supercooling of DHPD to 1.6 °C. DSC analysis showed that the additions can adsorb the free water, decrease the evaporation of crystalline water, and remove the self-phase separation problems. The phase-change temperature and latent heat were 36.2 °C and 201.5 J/g, respectively. The supercooling degree of the modified DHPD was no more than 2 °C, showing its excellent thermal stability in the accelerated thermal cycle experiments.
Performance Sensitivity Analysis of Natural Mineral Silicates Filled Friction Composites Using GD-ANN Approach
Authors: Saha Debarghya , Satapathy Bhabani K.
Published: August 2022

Structurally dissimilar clay type silicate (tubular halloysite, platy montmorillonite, and acicular wollastonite) reinforced compression molded composites were fabricated with and without MgO. The thermo-mechanical and frictional performances of natural silicate-based friction materials were systematically evaluated with respect to the silicate and silicate-MgO free composites. The morphology and hardness of the natural silicates dominated the mechanical and tribological responses of the friction materials. The worn surface morphology revealed the influence of natural silicate on braking dynamics as evident from performance sensitivity analysis, braking load, sliding speed, and temperature. The nature of sliding induced tribo-layers was ascertained from elemental mapping by EDX and Raman spectroscopy indicating the friction composition of tribo-layer to be influencing performance sensitivity. Under the variable operating conditions, halloysite-based friction materials showed excellent wear resistance, and wollastonite-based friction composites with MgO enhanced the friction coefficient (∼0.43–0.61) while exhibiting minimum load-speed sensitivity. The gradient descent learning algorithm-based artificial neural network (GD-ANN) with optimally tuned network architecture predicted (R2 ∼ 97%) both the tribological performance attributes (coefficient of friction and specific wear-rate) of the natural silicate-filled friction composites more accurately as compared to the conventional regression analysis.
Free Vibration of Timoshenko–Ehrenfest Beams and Frameworks Using Frequency-Dependent Mass and Stiffness Matrices
Authors: Banerjee J. R.
Published: August 2022

The frequency-dependent mass and stiffness matrices of a Timoshenko–Ehrenfest beam are developed through extensive application of symbolic computation. Explicit algebraic expressions for the frequency dependent shape functions and each of the independent elements of the frequency-dependent mass and stiffness matrices are presented concisely. The ensuing frequency-dependent mass and stiffness matrices of the Timoshenko–Ehrenfest beam are applied with particular reference to the Wittrick–Williams algorithm to investigate the free vibration characteristics of an individual Timoshenko–Ehrenfest beam and a framework. The results are discussed with significant conclusions drawn. The proposed method retains the exactness of results like the dynamic stiffness method, but importantly, it opens the possibility of including damping in the analysis.
Facile fabrication of nanoporous structure on β titanium alloy to eliminate stress shielding for bone implant
Authors: Kang Binbin , Chen Xiaohong , Liu Ping
Published: August 2022

A TiNb nanoporous structure on the surface of Ti2448 (Ti24Nb4Zr8Sn, wt. %) alloy substrate was successfully fabricated by a combination method of magnetron sputtering and chemical dealloying. Such a nanoporous structure has the characteristics of bicontinuous opening. The elastic modulus of the obtained nanoporous film reached 24 GPa, which is consistent with the elastic modulus of human bone (10–30 GPa). Such a nanoporous structure reduces the modulus of the surface while ensuring the high strength of the alloy. It will effectively eliminate the stress shielding effect of the bone on the implant. This method has promising applications in the surface modification of titanium implants to enhance osseointegration.
Using heat maps in teaching acoustics: Interaction of incident plane wave or incident beam with a solid plane structure
Authors: Potel Catherine , Gatignol Philippe , Bruneau Michel
Published: August 2022

Using heat maps provides frame and relevance to topics covered in physical acoustics courses as students can more easily visualize complex ideas and situations. Students can also form a much better understanding of the physical phenomena involved and build more advanced critical thinking when heat maps are used. It is the aim of the paper to provide ways for students to interact with heat maps by using two examples: first, the interaction of a plane wave (not only monochromatic) with an interface separating a fluid and a solid medium and, second, the interaction of an acoustic beam with such an interface (including a solid layer). These heat maps permit both to describe non-specular effects for the reflected acoustic beam due to the generation of a modal wave and, in the case of anisotropic media, highlight the difference between the direction predicted by Snell-Descartes law and that predicted by energy flux.
Methods of acoustic gas flux inversion—Investigation into the initial amplitude of bubble excitation
Authors: Roche Ben , White Paul R. , Bull Jonathan M. , Leighton Timothy G. , Li Jianghui , Christie Colin , Fone Joseph
Published: August 2022

Passive acoustic inversion techniques for measuring gas flux into the water column have the potential to be a powerful tool for the long-term monitoring and quantification of natural marine seeps and anthropogenic emissions. Prior inversion techniques have had limited precision due to lack of constraints on the initial amplitude of a bubble's excitation following its release into the water column (Rε0i). Rε0i is determined by observing the acoustic signal of bubbles released from sediment in a controlled experiment and its use is demonstrated by quantifying the flux from a volcanic CO2 seep offshore Panarea (Italy), improving the precision by 78%.
Insertion Sequence (IS)-Excision Enhancer (IEE)-Mediated IS Excision from the
lacZ
Gene Restores the Lactose Utilization Defect of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O121:H19 Strains and Is Responsible for Their Delayed Lactose Utilization Phenotype
Authors: Nakamura Keiji , Seto Kazuko , Isobe Junko , Taniguchi Itsuki , Gotoh Yasuhiro , Hayashi Tetsuya
Published: August 2022

Insertion sequences (ISs) can modulate gene expression by gene inactivation or activation. While phenotypic changes due to IS insertion/transposition are frequently observed, gene reactivation by precise or simple IS excision rarely occurs.
Time-Dependent Biosensor Fluorescence as a Measure of Bacterial Arsenic Uptake Kinetics and Its Inhibition by Dissolved Organic Matter
Authors: Yoon Hyun , Giometto Andrea , Pothier Martin P. , Zhang Xuhui , Poulain Alexandre J. , Reid Matthew C.
Published: August 2022

The speciation and toxicity of arsenic in environments like rice paddy soils and groundwater aquifers are controlled by microbe-mediated reactions. These reactions often require As to be taken up into cells prior to enzymatic reaction, but there is limited understanding of how microbial arsenic uptake is affected by variations in water chemistry.
Characterization of Treponema denticola Major Surface Protein (Msp) by Deletion Analysis and Advanced Molecular Modeling
Authors: Goetting-Minesky M. Paula , Godovikova Valentina , Zheng Wei , Fenno J. Christopher
Published: August 2022

The
Treponema denticola
gene encoding its major surface protein (Msp) is an ortholog of the
T. pallidum
tprA
to -
K
gene family that includes
tprK
, whose remarkable
in vivo
hypervariability is proposed to contribute to
T. pallidum
immune evasion. Using a combined strategy of fine-scale mutagenesis and advanced predictive molecular modeling, we characterized the Msp protein and present a high-confidence model of its structure as an oligomer embedded in the outer membrane.
Complementary Nonsputum Diagnostic Testing for Tuberculosis in People with HIV Using Oral Swab PCR and Urine Lipoarabinomannan Detection
Authors: Shapiro Adrienne E. , Olson Alaina M. , Kidoguchi Lara , Niu Xin , Ngcobo Zinhle , Magcaba Zanele P. , Ngwane Mduduzi W. , Whitman Grant R. , Weigel Kris M. , Wood Rachel C. , Wilson Doug P. K. , Drain Paul K. , Cangelosi Gerard A.
Published: August 2022

Testing for mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine is a practical but insensitive alternative to sputum testing to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) in people with HIV (PWH). Here, we evaluated urine LAM testing alongside PCR-based tests for
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(MTB) DNA in tongue swabs.
Riplet Binds the Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP) and Augments ZAP-Mediated Restriction of HIV-1
Authors: Buckmaster Marlene V. , Goff Stephen P.
Published: August 2022

The ZAP is a potent restriction factor inhibiting replication of many RNA viruses by binding directly to viral RNAs and targeting them for degradation. We here identify RIPLET as a cofactor that stimulates ZAP activity. The finding connects ZAP to other innate immunity pathways and suggests oligomerization as a common theme in sensing pathogenic RNAs.
Negative Regulatory Role of the Spring Viremia of Carp Virus Matrix Protein in the Host Interferon Response by Targeting the MAVS/TRAF3 Signaling Axis
Authors: Wang Yue-yi , Chen Yu-lan , Ji Jian-fei , Fan Dong-Dong , Lin Ai-fu , Xiang Li-xin , Shao Jian-zhong
Published: August 2022

The matrix protein of SVCV (SVCV-M) is an indispensable structural element for nucleocapsid condensation and virion formation during viral morphogenesis, and it connects the core nucleocapsid particle to the outer membrane within the mature virus. Previous studies have emphasized the architectural role of SVCV-M in viral construction; however, the potential nonstructural functions of SVCV-M in viral replication and virus-host interactions remain poorly understood.
CroR Regulates Expression of
pbp4(5)
to Promote Cephalosporin Resistance in Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Timmler Sarah B. , Kellogg Stephanie L. , Atkinson Samantha N. , Little Jaime L. , Djorić Dušanka , Kristich Christopher J.
Published: August 2022

Investigation into molecular mechanisms used by enterococci to subvert cephalosporin antibiotics is imperative for preventing and treating life-threatening infections. In this study, we used genetic means to investigate the functional output of the CroS/R TCS required for enterococcal resistance to cephalosporins.
Phosphoglucose Isomerase Is Important for
Aspergillus fumigatus
Cell Wall Biogenesis
Authors: Zhou Yao , Yan Kaizhou , Qin Qijian , Raimi Olawale G. , Du Chao , Wang Bin , Ahamefule Chukwuemeka Samson , Kowalski Bartosz , Jin Cheng , van Aalten Daan M. F. , Fang Wenxia
Published: August 2022

Aspergillus fumigatus
is an opportunistic fungal pathogen causing deadly infections in immunocompromised patients. Enzymes essential for fungal survival and cell wall biosynthesis are considered potential drug targets against
A. fumigatus
.
Role of RpoS in Regulating Stationary Phase Salmonella Typhimurium Pathogenesis-Related Stress Responses under Physiological Low Fluid Shear Force Conditions
Authors: Franco Meléndez Karla , Crenshaw Keith , Barrila Jennifer , Yang Jiseon , Gangaraju Sandhya , Davis Richard R. , Forsyth Rebecca J. , Ott C. Mark , Kader Rebin , Curtiss Roy , Roland Kenneth , Nickerson Cheryl A.
Published: August 2022

Bacterial pathogens respond dynamically to a variety of stresses in the infected host, including physical forces of fluid flow (fluid shear) across their surfaces. While pathogens experience wide fluctuations in fluid shear during infection, little is known about how these forces regulate microbial pathogenesis.
(Meta)Genomic Analysis Reveals Diverse Energy Conservation Strategies Employed by Globally Distributed
Gemmatimonadota
Authors: Zheng Xiaowei , Dai Xin , Zhu Yaxin , Yang Jian , Jiang Hongchen , Dong Hailiang , Huang Li
Published: August 2022

The phylum
Gemmatimonadota
is widely distributed in various environments. However, their physiology, ecology and evolutionary history remain unknown, primary due to the limited cultured isolates and available genomes.
Multilayered Networks of SalmoNet2 Enable Strain Comparisons of the Salmonella Genus on a Molecular Level
Authors: Olbei Marton , Bohar Balazs , Fazekas David , Madgwick Matthew , Sudhakar Padhmanand , Hautefort Isabelle , Métris Aline , Baranyi Jozsef , Kingsley Robert A. , Korcsmaros Tamas
Published: August 2022

Multilayered network databases collate interaction information from multiple sources, and are powerful both as a knowledge base and subject of analysis. Here, we present SalmoNet2, an integrated network resource containing protein-protein, transcriptional regulatory, and metabolic interactions for 20
Salmonella
strains.
The Bladder Microbiome, Metabolome, Cytokines, and Phenotypes in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Liu Fengping , Du Jingjie , Zhai Qixiao , Hu Jialin , Miller Aaron W. , Ren Tianli , Feng Yangkun , Jiang Peng , Hu Lei , Sheng Jiayi , Gu Chaoqun , Yan Ren , Lv Longxian , Wolfe Alan J. , Feng Ninghan
Published: August 2022

Contrary to dogma, the human urinary bladder possesses its own unique bacterial community with alteration of composition associated with disease states. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease often characterized by kidney impairment.
Increased Prevalence of Lassa Fever Virus-Positive Rodents and Diversity of Infected Species Found during Human Lassa Fever Epidemics in Nigeria
Authors: Happi Anise N. , Olumade Testimony J. , Ogunsanya Olusola A. , Sijuwola Ayotunde E. , Ogunleye Seto C. , Oguzie Judith U. , Nwofoke Cecilia , Ugwu Chinedu A. , Okoro Samuel J. , Otuh Patricia I. , Ngele Louis N. , Ojo Oluwafemi O. , Adelabu Ademola , Adeleye Roseline F. , Oyejide Nicholas E. , Njaka Clinton S. , Heeney Jonathan L. , Happi Christian T.
Published: August 2022

Our findings show the highest LASV positivity in small rodents ever recorded and the first direct detection of LASV inTateraspp. Our findings also indicate the abundance of LASV-infected small rodents in houses, with probable interspecies transmission through vertical and horizontal coitus routes.
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococci Isolated from Goats and Their Farm Environments in Saudi Arabia Genotypically Linked to Known Human Clinical Isolates: a Pilot Study
Authors: El-Deeb Wael , Cave Rory , Fayez Mahmoud , Alhumam Naser , Quadri Sayed , Mkrtchyan Hermine V.
Published: August 2022

Our findings demonstrate a possible cross-transmission of methicillin resistant staphylococci between goats and their local environments and between goats and humans. Due to ever increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics, the burden of MRS has a significant impact on livestock farming, public health, and the economy worldwide.
Dysgonomonas mossii Strain Shenzhen WH 0221, a New Member of the Genus
Dysgonomonas
Isolated from the Blood of a Patient with Diabetic Nephropathy, Exhibits Multiple Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Gao Xiaojuan , Wei Jiehong , Hao Tongyu , Yang Ting , Han Xinyuan , Li Mengmeng , Li Xinying , Xiong Dan , Zhang Xiuming
Published: August 2022

This study identified a new strain,
Dysgonomonas mossii
strain Shenzhen WH 0221, which has been first reported to cause sepsis isolated from infected blood of a patient with diabetic nephropathy. Physiological and biochemical characterizations, as well as overall fatty acid profile, distinguish Shenzhen WH 0221 from other species of the same genus.
Qualitative study exploring lessons from Liberia and the UK for building a people-centred resilient health systems response to COVID-19
Authors: McCollum Rosalind , Zaizay Zeela , Dean Laura , Watson Victoria , Frith Lucy , Alhassan Yussif , Kollie Karsor , Piotrowski Helen , Bates Imelda , Anderson de Cuevas Rachel , Harris Rebecca , Chowdhury Shahreen , Berrian Hannah , Smith John Solunta , Tate Wede Seekey , El Hajj Taghreed , Ozano Kim , Hastie Olivia , Parker Colleen , Kollie Jerry , Zawolo Georgina , Ding Yan , Dacombe Russell , Taegtmeyer Miriam , Theobald Sally
Published: August 2022

Introduction

COVID-19 has tested the resilience of health systems globally and exposed existing strengths and weaknesses. We sought to understand health systems COVID-19 adaptations and decision making in Liberia and Merseyside, UK.

Methods

We used a people-centred approach to carry out qualitative interviews with 24 health decision-makers at national and county level in Liberia and 42 actors at county and hospital level in the UK (Merseyside). We explored health systems’ decision-making processes and capacity to adapt and continue essential service delivery in response to COVID-19 in both contexts.

Results

Study respondents in Liberia and Merseyside had similar experiences in responding to COVID-19, despite significant differences in health systems context, and there is an opportunity for multidirectional learning between the global south and north. The need for early preparedness; strong community engagement; clear communication within the health system and health service delivery adaptations for essential health services emerged strongly in both settings. We found the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) principles to have value as a framework for reviewing health systems changes, across settings, in response to a shock such as a pandemic. In addition to the eight original principles, we expanded to include two additional principles: (1) the need for functional structures and mechanisms for preparation and (2) adaptable governance and leadership structures to facilitate timely decision making and response coordination. We find the use of a people-centred approach also has value to prompt policy-makers to consider the acceptance of service adaptations by patients and health workers, and to continue the provision of ‘routine services’ for individuals during health systems shocks.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the importance of a people-centred approach, placing the person at the centre of the health system, and value in applying and adapting the FCDO principles across diverse settings.
COMPrehensive geriatric AsseSSment and multidisciplinary team intervention for hospitalised older adults (COMPASS): a protocol of pragmatic trials within a cohort
Authors: Choi Jung-Yeon , Lee Ji Yeon , Shin Jaeyong , Kim Chang Oh , Kim Kwang Joon , Hwang In Gyu , Lee Yun-Gyoo , Koh Su-Jin , Hong Soojung , Yoon Sol-Ji , Kang Min-gu , Kim Jin Won , Kim Jee Hyun , Kim Kwang-il
Published: August 2022

Introduction

There is an increased demand for services for hospitalised older patients with acute medical conditions due to rapidly ageing population. The COMPrehensive geriatric AsseSSment and multidisciplinary team intervention for hospitalised older adults (COMPASS) study will test the effectiveness of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and multidisciplinary intervention by comparing it with conventional care among acute hospitalised older adults in Korea.

Methods and analysis

A multicentre trial within a cohort comprising three substudies (randomised controlled trials) will be conducted. The intervention includes CGA and CGA-based multidisciplinary interventions by physicians (geriatricians, oncologists), nurses, nutritionists and pharmacists. The multidisciplinary intervention includes nutritional support, medication review and adjustment, rehabilitation, early discharge planning and prevention of geriatric syndromes (falls, delirium, pressure sore and urinary retention). The analysis will be based on an intention-to-treat principle. The primary outcome is living at home 3 months after discharge. In addition to assessing the economic effects of the intervention, a cost-utility analysis will be conducted.

Ethics and dissemination

The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the ethics committees of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and each study site. The study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals. Subgroup and further in-depth analyses will subsequently be published.

Trial registration number

KCT0006270.
Indirect effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital mortality in patients with hip fracture: a competing risk survival analysis using linked administrative data
Authors: Grimm Fiona , Johansen Antony , Knight Hannah , Brine Richard , Deeny Sarah R
Published: August 2022

Background

Hip fracture is a leading cause of disability and mortality among older people. During the COVID-19 pandemic, orthopaedic care pathways in the National Health Service in England were restructured to manage pressures on hospital capacity. We examined the indirect consequences of the pandemic for hospital mortality among older patients with hip fracture, admitted from care homes or the community.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of linked care home and hospital inpatient data for patients with hip fracture aged 65 years and over admitted to hospitals in England during the first year of the pandemic (1 March 2020 to 28 February 2021) or during the previous year. We performed survival analysis, adjusting for case mix and COVID-19 infection, and considered live discharge as a competing risk. We present cause-specific hazard ratios (HRCS) for the effect of admission year on hospital mortality risk.

Results

During the first year of the pandemic, there were 55 648 hip fracture admissions: a 5.2% decrease on the previous year. 9.5% of patients had confirmed or suspected COVID-19. Hospital stays were substantially shorter (p<0.05), and there was a higher daily chance of discharge (HRCS1.40, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.41). Overall hip fracture inpatient mortality increased (7.2% in 2020/2021 vs 6.4% in 2019/2020), but patients without concomitant COVID-19 infection had lower mortality rates compared with the year before (5.3%). Admission during the pandemic was associated with a 11% increase in the daily risk of hospital death for patients with hip fracture (HRCS1.11, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.16).

Conclusions

Although COVID-19 infections led to increases in hospital mortality, overall hospital mortality risk for older patients with hip fracture remained largely stable during the first year of the pandemic.
Impact of pharmacist interventions provided in the emergency department on quality use of medicines: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Atey Tesfay Mehari , Peterson Gregory M , Salahudeen Mohammed Saji , Bereznicki Luke R , Wimmer Barbara C
Published: August 2022

Background

Pharmacists have an increasing role as part of the emergency department (ED) team. However, the impact of ED-based pharmacy interventions on the quality use of medicines has not been well characterised.

Objective

This systematic review aimed to synthesise evidence from studies examining the impact of interventions provided by pharmacists on the quality use of medicines in adults presenting to ED.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. Two independent reviewers screened titles/abstracts and reviewed full texts. Studies that compared the impact of interventions provided by pharmacists with usual care in ED and reported medication-related primary outcomes were included. Cochrane Risk of Bias-2 and Newcastle-Ottawa tools were used to assess the risk of bias. Summary estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis, along with sensitivity and sub-group analyses.

Results

Thirty-one studies involving 13 242 participants were included. Pharmacists were predominantly involved in comprehensive medication review, advanced pharmacotherapy assessment, staff and patient education, identification of medication discrepancies and drug-related problems, medication prescribing and co-prescribing, and medication preparation and administration. The activities reduced the number of medication errors by a mean of 0.33 per patient (95% CI −0.42 to −0.23, I2=51%) and the proportion of patients with at least one error by 73% (risk ratio (RR)=0.27, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.40, I2=85.3%). The interventions were also associated with more complete and accurate medication histories, increased appropriateness of prescribed medications by 58% (RR=1.58, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.06, I2=95%) and quicker initiation of time-critical medications.

Conclusion

The evidence indicates improved quality use of medicines when pharmacists are included in ED care teams.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020165234.
Evaluating Reporting of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Randomized Controlled Trials Regarding Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Methodological Study
Authors: McIntire Ryan , Waters Philo , Tanner David , Dhillon Jaydeep , Hillman Cody , Wise Audrey , Kee Micah , Anderson Reece , Ottwell Ryan , Hartwell Micah , Vassar Matt
Published: August 2022

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in randomized controlled trials pertaining to inflammatory bowel disease are important in identifying patients’ perspective of treatment. Incompletely reported PROs within trials could misrepresent information for clinicians and may contribute to treatment which lacks accommodation of patient input. Our study evaluates completeness of reporting of PROs and risk of bias (RoB) to identify how well trialists are adhering to known resources for trials. We used MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify eligible trials from 2006 to 2020 with at least 1 PRO measure related to inflammatory bowel disease. The trials were screened in duplicate using Rayyan. We then compared trial completion of reporting to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT)-PRO adaptation, and assessed RoB using the Cochrane Collaboration RoB 2.0 tool. To measure trial and reporting characteristics, we performed bivariate regression analyses. Among a sample of 29 trials, the mean completion percentage for CONSORT-PRO was 46.77%. We found PROs as a secondary outcome had significantly lower CONSORT-PRO reporting (p<0.05). In addition, per cent completeness of reporting was significantly higher with both a ‘therapy’ intervention, and trials published following the development of CONSORT-PRO (p<0.05). Incomplete PRO reporting is common in trials focused on inflammatory bowel disease. This suboptimal reporting indicates the need for adherence to reporting guidelines. Trialists should use the CONSORT-PRO checklist, as endorsed by Patient-Reported Outcomes Tools: Engaging Users and Stakeholders, to assess their studies in order to enhance reporting adherence.
Association between CORIN methylation and hypertension in Chinese adults
Authors: Shi Jijun , Wu Lei , Chen Yan , Zhang Mingzhi , Yu Jia , Ren Liyun , He Yan , Li Jing , Ma Shengqi , Hu Weidong , Peng Hao
Published: August 2022

Background

Corin, a physical activator of atrial natriuretic peptide, has been associated with hypertension with unclear mechanisms. Here, we aimed to examine whether CORIN gene methylation was involved in the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods

DNA methylation levels of CORIN were measured by target bisulfite sequencing using genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 2498 participants in the Gusu cohort (discovery sample) and 1771 independent participants (replication sample). We constructed a mediation model with DNA methylation as the predictor, serum corin as the mediator, and hypertension as the outcome, adjusting for covariates. Multiple testing was controlled by false discovery rate (FDR) approach.

Results

Of the 9 CpGs assayed, hypermethylation at all CpGs were significantly associated with a lower level of blood pressure in the discovery sample and eight associations were also significant in the replication sample (all FDR-adjusted p<0.05). Serum corin mediated approximately 3.07% (p=0.004), 6.25% (p=0.002) and 10.11% (p=0.034) of the associations of hypermethylation at one CpG (Chr4:47840096) with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and hypertension, respectively. All these mediations passed the causal inference test.

Conclusions

These results suggest that hypermethylation in the CORIN gene is associated with a lower odds of prevalent hypertension and may be involved in the role of corin in blood pressure regulation.
LOCATION CHOICE AND TAX RESPONSIVENESS OF FOREIGN MULTINATIONALS: EVIDENCE FROM ASEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: MUTHITACHAROEN ATHIPHAT
Published: August 2022

This study uses a firm-level dataset to examine the impacts of taxation on multinationals’ decisions to set up new foreign subsidiaries in developing ASEAN countries. It finds that while taxes play a critical role in multinational enterprises’ location choice decision, there is an important heterogeneity in the tax responsiveness. First, the tax sensitivity for high-tech firms is significantly lower than that for low-tech firms. Second, having a prior presence in the respective host country is associated with substantially lower tax responsiveness. Finally, in accordance with international-tax-avoidance considerations, the tax responsiveness is significantly diminished for affiliates with a connection to tax-haven countries.
New nonrelativistic quantum theory of cold dark matter
Authors: Musielak Z. E.
Published: August 2022

Cold dark matter (DM) is conceived as a gas of massive particles that undergo collisions, interact gravitationally and exchange quanta of energy. A new nonrelativistic quantum theory is presented for this model of DM, based on a recently discovered equation for a spinless, no charge and free particle. This theory describes the quantum processes undergoing by the particles, specifies the required characteristic wavelength of the quanta of energy, gives constraints on the mass of DM particles, and predicts a detectable gravitational wave background associated with DM halos.
Numerical relativity for Horndeski gravity
Authors: Ripley Justin L.
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we present an overview of recent developments in the numerical solution of Horndeski gravity theories, which are the class of all scalar–tensor theories of gravity that have second-order equations of motion. We review several methods that have been used to establish well-posed initial value problems for these theories, and discuss well-posed formulations of the constraint equations. We also discuss global aspects of exact, strongly coupled solutions to some of the Horndeski gravity theories: the formation of shocks, the loss of hyperbolicity, and the formation of naked curvature singularities. Finally, we discuss numerical solutions to binary black hole and neutron star systems for several Horndeski theories.
Fitting of supernovae without dark energy
Authors: López-Corredoira M. , Calvo-Torel J. I.
Published: August 2022

With data from Pantheon, we have at our disposal a sample of more than a 1000 supernovae Ia covering a wide range of redshifts with good precision. Here, we make fits to the corresponding Hubble–Lemaître diagram with various cosmological models, with intergalactic extinction, evolution of the luminosity of supernovae, and redshift components due to partially noncosmological factors. The data are well fitted by the Standard Model to include dark energy, but there is a degeneracy of solutions with several other variables. Therefore, the Hubble–Lemaître diagram of SNe Ia cannot be used alone to infer the existence of the accelerated expansion scenario with dark energy. Within this degeneracy, models that give good fits to the data include the following alternative solutions: Einstein–de Sitter with gray extinction [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Mpc[Formula: see text]; linear Hubble–Lemaître law static Euclidean with gray extinction [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Mpc[Formula: see text]; Static Euclidean with tired light and gray extinction [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Mpc[Formula: see text]; Einstein–de Sitter with absolute magnitude evolution [Formula: see text] mag Gyr[Formula: see text]; Friedmann model with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and partially noncosmological tired-light redshifts/blueshift with attenuation/enhancement [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Mpc[Formula: see text] (although requiring calibration of [Formula: see text] incompatible with local SNe measurements).
Values of polynomials on centrally closed prime algebras
Authors: Lee Tsiu-Kwen , Lin Jheng-Huei
Published: August 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a simple algebra over its extended centroid [Formula: see text], and let [Formula: see text] be a noncommutative polynomial having zero constant term. We denote by [Formula: see text] the additive subgroup of [Formula: see text] generated by all elements [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. It is proved that if [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is equal to [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], or [Formula: see text]. As to the case [Formula: see text], an example of a polynomial [Formula: see text] satisfying [Formula: see text] is given. Also, the polynomials [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] are characterized if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we work on the context of centrally closed prime algebras to get more general results.
Construction of Gorenstein-projective modules over Morita rings
Authors: Asefa Dadi
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for all complete projective resolutions over a Morita ring [Formula: see text]. As special cases, we get a class of complete projective resolutions over [Formula: see text], from the ones over [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We also obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for all Gorenstein-projective modules over a Morita ring [Formula: see text]. As special cases, we get a class of Gorenstein-projective modules over [Formula: see text], from the ones over [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we determine all complete projective resolutions as well as all Gorenstein-projective modules over the [Formula: see text] matrix algebra [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text].
跨界连结
Authors: 杨 妍
Published: August 2022

本文聚焦于1938至1945年间，通过银行内部文档、刊物，报章新闻，员工口述历史和传记等资料，讨论新加坡华侨银行战时的发展策略。身处复杂多变的政治环境中，华侨银行以危为机，通过建立东南亚、中国和欧美澳之间的跨界联系，再增设民信部抢占侨汇市场、创办《华侨经济》及合办南洋企业公司来促进贸易投资、通过多重网络进行海外转移这三方面，于实践中探索如何改善运作方式、扩大业务范围、规避风险，在满足战时需求的同时，扩大影响力，提高声誉，使其转变成为比西方银行、华人传统金融机构更受欢迎的华人银行中的巨擘。该案例有助于探究跨界连结对华人银行发展的重要性，亦能从华人银行史的语境中反思现代性议题。