bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical induction of oscillatory movement in demembranated, immotile flagella of sea urchin sperm at very low ATP
Authors: Izawa Yasuhide , Shingyoji Chikako
Published: August 2020

Oscillation is a characteristic feature of eukaryotic flagellar movement. The mechanism involves the control of dynein-driven microtubule sliding under self-regulatory mechanical feedback within the axoneme. To define the essential factors determining the induction of oscillation, we developed a novel experiment by applying mechanical deformation of demembranated, immotile sea urchin sperm flagella at very low ATP concentrations, below the threshold of ATP required for spontaneous beating. Upon application of mechanical deformation at above 1.5 µM ATP, a pair of bends could be induced and was accompanied by bend growth and propagation, followed by switching the bending direction. For oscillatory, cyclical bending response to occur, the velocity of bend propagation towards the flagellar tip must be kept above certain levels. Continuous formation of new bends at the flagellar base was coupled with synchronized decay of the preceding paired bends. Induction of cyclical bends was initiated in a constant direction relative to the axis of the flagellar 9+2 structure, and resulted in the so-called principal bend. In addition, stoppage of the bending response occasionally occurred during development of a new principal bend, and in this situation, formation of a new reverse bend did not occur. This observation indicates the reverse bend is always active, opposing the principle bend. The results show that mechanical strain of bending is a central component regulating the bend oscillation, and switching of the bend direction appears to be controlled, in part, by the velocity of wave propagation.
Effects of 8 wk of 16:8 Time-restricted Eating in Male Middle- and Long-Distance Runners
Authors: BRADY AIDAN J. , LANGTON HENRY M. , MULLIGAN MOLLIE , EGAN BRENDAN
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Eight weeks of time-restricted eating (TRE) in concert with habitual exercise training was investigated for effects on body composition, energy and macronutrient intakes, indices of endurance running performance, and markers of metabolic health in endurance athletes.

Methods

Male middle- and long-distance runners (n = 23) were randomly assigned to TRE (n = 12) or habitual dietary intake (CON; n = 11). TRE required participants to consume all of their dietary intake within an 8-h eating window (so-called 16:8 TRE), but dietary patterns, food choices, and energy intake were ad libitum during this window. Participants continued their habitual training during the intervention period. Participants completed an incremental exercise test before (PRE) and after (POST) the 8-wk intervention for the assessment of blood lactate concentrations, running economy, and maximal oxygen uptake. Fasted blood samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, and triglyceride concentrations. Dietary intake was assessed at PRE, MID (week 4), and POST using a 4-d semiweighed food diary.

Results

Seventeen participants (TRE, n = 10; CON, n = 7) completed the intervention. Training load did not differ between groups for the duration of the intervention period. TRE resulted in a reduction in body mass (mean difference of −1.92 kg, 95% confidence interval = −3.52 to −0.32, P = 0.022). Self-reported daily energy intake was lower in TRE at MID and POST (group–time interaction, P = 0.049). No effect of TRE was observed for oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, running economy, blood lactate concentrations, or heart rate during exercise, nor were there any effects on glucose, insulin, or triglyceride concentrations observed.

Conclusion

Eight weeks of 16:8 TRE in middle- and long-distance runners resulted in a decrease in body mass commensurate with a reduction in daily energy intake, but it did not alter indices of endurance running performance or metabolic health.
La entrada de Hyundai-Kia en México, su competitividad desde una perspectiva sistémica y sus efectos en las empresas líderes
Authors: Rios Nequis Eric Israel , Contreras Álvarez Isaí , García González Juan
Published: August 2020

El artículo estudia el crecimiento del conglomerado asiático (Hyndiai-KIA) en México. Particularmente, se evalúan los efectos de su crecimiento en el mercado, es decir la forma en que afecta el crecimiento en ventas de las principales automotrices en México por sus ventas. Asimismo, estudian las externalidades que fomentaron la entrada de un nuevo competidor. Los hallazgos muestran que la empresa dominante y su seguidora son las más afectadas por el crecimiento de la empresa. Sin embargo, las compañías automotrices más pequeñas por sus ventas con más tiempo y experiencia en el mercado inciden negativamente en mayor medida que las coreanas respecto al crecimiento de las empresas más grandes en un contexto de competitividad sistémica. Sin dejar de lado, las externalidades que han fomentado la entrada de competidores a México.
Appealing to Sense and Sensibility: System 1 and System 2 Interventions for Fake News on Social Media
Authors: Moravec Patricia L. , Kim Antino , Dennis Alan R.
Published: August 2020

Disinformation on social media—commonly called “fake news”—has become a major concern around the world, and many fact-checking initiatives have been launched in response. However, if the presentation format of fact-checked results is not persuasive, fact-checking may not be effective. For instance, Facebook tested the idea of flagging dubious articles in 2017 but concluded that it was ineffective and removed the feature. We conducted three experiments with social media users to investigate two different approaches to implementing a fake news flag—one designed to be most effective when processed by automatic cognition (System 1) and the other designed to be most effective when processed by deliberate cognition (System 2). Both interventions were effective, and an intervention that combined both approaches was about twice as effective. The awareness training on the meaning of the flags increased the effectiveness of the System 2 intervention but not the System 1 intervention. Believability influenced the extent to which users would engage with the article (e.g., read, like, comment, and share). Our results suggest that both theoretical routes can be used—separately or together—in the presentation of fact-checking results in order to reduce the influence of fake news on social media users.
Fast Best Subset Selection: Coordinate Descent and Local Combinatorial Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Hazimeh Hussein , Mazumder Rahul
Published: August 2020

In several scientific and industrial applications, it is desirable to build compact, interpretable learning models where the output depends on a small number of input features. Recent work has shown that such best-subset selection-type problems can be solved with modern mixed integer optimization solvers. Despite their promise, such solvers often come at a steep computational price when compared with open-source, efficient specialized solvers based on convex optimization and greedy heuristics. In “Fast Best-Subset Selection: Coordinate Descent and Local Combinatorial Optimization Algorithms,” Hussein Hazimeh and Rahul Mazumder push the frontiers of computation for best-subset-type problems. Their algorithms deliver near-optimal solutions for problems with up to a million features—in times comparable with the fast convex solvers. Their work suggests that principled optimization methods play a key role in devising tools central to interpretable machine learning, which can help in gaining a deeper understanding of their statistical properties.
Early childhood caries prevention: non-dental health professionals' viewpoint
Authors: Nancy Javotte , Barsby Terence , Theillaud Marie , Barbey-Massin Christelle , Thébaud Noëlie-B
Published: August 2020

Background:

Dental caries can develop early in life and have harmful consequences. Objective: To examine non-dental practitioners' knowledge of early childhood caries (ECC).

Methods:

A questionnaire on oral health and caries knowledge was emailed to five types of health professional who work with young children: paediatricians, GPs, midwives, paediatric nurses and paediatric healthcare assistants. Questions concerned: when a child should first visit a dentist; at what age toothbrushing should start; aetiopathogenic factors; early diagnosis; and the effect of breastfeeding.

Results:

494 health professionals (79 paediatricians, 59 physicians, 217 midwives, 92 paediatric nurses and 47 paediatric healthcare assistants) participated. Although most (89.86%) discussed oral health with parents, responses on when a child should first see a dentist and when toothbrushing should start varied. Almost half of respondents said they could diagnose caries but not all were confident in this. Aetiological factors in ECC mentioned included oral hygiene, bottle feeding, sugar intake, genetics and a lack of fluoride.

Conclusion:

Non-dental practitioners lack knowledge about ECC, so cannot help prevent it. Initiatives including interprofessional training would improve their knowledge of oral health in early childhood.
Juggling to find balance: hearing the voices of undergraduate student nurses
Authors: Mills Anne , Ryden Julie , Knight Anneyce
Published: August 2020

Background:

Accounts of stress are common among students on nursing programmes. Prolonged high levels of stress can contribute to poor learning, the development of detrimental health behaviours, attrition and burnout.

Aims:

To examine the health and wellbeing implications of undertaking a BSc nursing degree in the UK for first-year students.

Methods:

Qualitative narrative analysis of 100 written student reflections on the influences on their health and wellbeing was undertaken.

Findings:

Nursing students must juggle multiple competing demands on their physical capabilities, personal resources, income and time. Students are constantly seeking to achieve balance and personal equilibrium through the use of a variety of coping strategies.

Conclusion:

This work calls upon the profession, the nursing regulator, nursing programmes within higher education institutions and health Trusts to review the framework and content of undergraduate BSc nurse education. Programme requirements should enhance the health and wellbeing of students while simultaneously delivering education and practice opportunities necessary to meet professional requirements.
The management of malignant lower limb ulcers: clinical considerations
Authors: Ghaly Paul , Kim Yewon D , Iliopoulos Jim , Ahmad Mehtab
Published: August 2020

Lower limb malignant ulcers are an uncommon finding, making diagnosis complex and their management costly. Yet, despite this, the increase in skin cancers over the past 30 years means that clinicians require an awareness and understanding of their existence, particularly in the primary care setting. Familiarity with common aetiologies and presentations is vital for prompt recognition, diagnosis and referral of wounds suspicious for malignancy. Lower limb malignant wounds often develop insidiously, with a wide variation in clinical presentation that overlaps between entities. Therefore, a fundamental algorithm for approaching lower limb ulcers that raise suspicion of malignancy should be possessed by all clinicians. This article reviews the clinical features of malignant wounds that should alert clinicians to the need for further evaluation, such as atypical location and appearance. The authors also highlight the various diagnostic and therapeutic modalities available and review current clinical guidelines for the referral and follow-up of suspicious lesions.
Comparison of aerosol properties derived from sampling and near-horizontal lidar measurements using Mie scattering theory
Authors: Xiafukaiti Alifu , Lagrosas Nofel , Mariel Ong Prane , Saitoh Naoko , Shiina Tatsuo , Kuze Hiroaki
Published: August 2020

Aerosol optical properties are measured near the surface level using sampling instruments and a near-horizontal lidar. The values of the aerosol extinction coefficient inside the instruments are derived from nephelometer and aethalometer data, while the ambient values are measured from the lidar. The information on aerosol size distribution from optical particle counters is used to simulate extinction coefficients using the Mie scattering theory, with corrections on the humidity growth of hygroscopic particles. By applying this method to the continuous data obtained from November to December 2018 at Chiba, Japan, we elucidate the temporal variations of near-surface aerosol properties, including the complex refractive index, single scattering albedo, and Angstrom exponent. The results indicate how aerosol particles change their properties between the dry, instrumental conditions and relatively humid setting of the ambient atmosphere.
M-ary DPSK coded binary to gray, BCD to gray, and octal to binary all-optical code converters based on SOA-MZI configuration at 500  Gb/s
Authors: Michael Margarat , Caroline B. Elizabeth , Xavier Susan Christina
Published: August 2020

Gray codes are broadly used as the cyclic codes to assist error correction in optical communications. In this paper, we have proposed the novel design of three different types of all-optical gray code converters based on the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) configuration. The XOR and OR gates are the basic devices used for the proposed design of binary to gray, binary-coded decimal (BCD) to gray, and octal to binary code converters. For the first time, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, a high data rate of 500 Gbps is achieved for the three types of all-optical code converters using the SOA-MZI configuration by exploiting an M-ary differential phase shift keying (DPSK) modulation scheme. The performance factors of the proposed all-optical code converters like extinction ratio, bit error rate, and quality factor are calculated.
RETRACTED: Unified joint reconstruction approach for random illumination microscopy
Authors: Liu Penghuan
Published: August 2020

Random illumination microscopy (RIM) using uncontrolled speckle
patterns has shown the capacity to surpass the Abbe’s diffraction
barrier, providing the possibility to design inexpensive and versatile
structured illumination microscopy (SIM) devices. In this paper, I
first present a review of the state-of-the-art joint reconstruction
methods in RIM, and then propose a unified joint reconstruction
approach in which the performance of various regularization terms can
be evaluated under the same model. The model hyperparameter is easily
tuned and robust in comparison to the previous methods and
ℓ2,1 regularizer is proven to be a reasonable prior in most
practical situations. Moreover, the degradation entailed by
out-of-focus light in conventional SIM can be easily solved in RIM
setup.
Clarifications on the Gouy phase of radially polarized laser beams
Authors: Pelchat-Voyer Shanny , Piché Michel
Published: August 2020

The Gouy phase, which describes how a field accumulates an additional phase shift around the focus compared to a spherical wave, is investigated for the strongly focused

T
M

01

beam in free space. It is shown, using both analytical and numerical solutions, that when the effects of the edges of focusing optics are small, the complete variation of the on-axis Gouy phase of the longitudinal electric field is

2
π

. It is true even in the strongly focused limit. Moreover, we show, using an appropriate effective wavevector, how to retrieve the Gouy phase when the diffraction caused by the edges is dominant at the focus. We further investigate the off-axis Gouy phase of the

T
M

01

beam and show that any slight variation from the optical axis causes a variation of the Gouy phase of the longitudinal electric field to reduce to

π

.
Bi-functional switchable broadband terahertz polarization converter based on a hybrid graphene-metal metasurface
Authors: Zhang Jiarui , Zhang Kun , Cao Aili , Liu Yan , Kong Weijin
Published: August 2020

In this letter, we have proposed a bi-functional switchable broadband polarization converter based on the hybrid graphene-metal metasurface. Turning the bias voltage to change Fermi level Ef from 0 to 1.0 eV, the metasurface can switch between quarter-wave plate (QWP) and half-wave plate (HWP) in the frequency band 1.38-1.72 THz. Besides, the metasurface simultaneously works as a broadband QWP and HWP in different frequency range when Ef = 1.0 eV. In addition, when Ef is in the range of 0.3 eV-0.6 eV, the metasurface can work as bi-functional broadband QWP in different frequencies as well. The physical mechanism of the bi-functional polarization converter can be explained by the electric field amplitude distributions. What’s more, we find that the metasurface can work well with a tolerance to the incident light polarization angle of about ± 12.5°, which can also change the converted wave from RHCP to LHCP with the incident polarization angle change of 90°. The hybrid metasurface with the advantages of switchable bi-functions, wide operating bandwidth, and ultra-thin thickness, may achieve potential applications in tunable devices for terahertz communications.
Six-level hybrid extraction/injection scheme terahertz quantum cascade laser with suppressed thermally activated carrier leakage
Authors: Wen Boyu , Deimert Chris , Wang Siyi , Xu Chao , Rassel Sm Shazzad , Wasilewski Zbigniew , Ban Dayan
Published: August 2020

This work presents a six-level scheme terahertz (THz) quantum cascade laser (QCL) design in which the resonant-phonon (RP) and the scattering-assisted (SA) injection/extraction are combined within a single Al0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs based structure. By utilizing extra excited states for hybrid extraction/injection channels, this design minimizes the appearance of an intermediate negative differential resistance (NDR) before the lasing threshold. The final negative differential resistance is observed up to 260K and a high characteristic temperature of 259 K is measured. These observations imply very effective suppression of pre-threshold electrical instability and thermally activated leakage current. In addition, the impact of critical design parameters of this scheme is investigated.
InAs/GaAs quantum dot narrow ridge lasers epitaxially grown on SOI substrates for silicon photonic integration
Authors: Wei Wen-Qi , Feng Qi , Guo Jing-Jing , Guo Ming-Chen , Wang Jian-Huan , Wang Zi-Hao , Wang Ting , Zhang Jian-Jun
Published: August 2020

Monolithic integration of III-V laser sources on standard silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate has been recognized as an enabling technology for realizing Si-based photonic integration circuits (PICs). The Si-based ridge lasers employing III-V quantum dot (QD) materials are gaining significant momentum as it allows massive-scalable, streamlined fabrication of Si photonic integrated chips to be made cost effectively. Here, we present the successful fabrication of InAs/GaAs QD ridge lasers monolithically grown on {111}-faceted SOI hollow substrates. The as-cleaved Fabry-Perot (FP) narrow ridge laser is achieved with a relatively low threshold current of 50 mA at room temperature under pulse current operation. The maximum working temperature achieved is up to 80 oC. The promising lasing characteristics of such SOI-based InAs/GaAs QD ridge lasers with low threshold current and small footprint provide a viable route towards large-scale, low-cost integration of laser sources on SOI platform for silicon photonic integration purpose.
Dual-layer achromatic metalens design with an effective Abbe number
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Li Shuaishuai , Chin Lip Ket , Yu Yefeng , Tsai Din Ping , Chen Rushan
Published: August 2020

Planar achromatic metalenses with a thickness of the order of wavelength have attracted much attention for their potential applications in ultra-compact optical devices. However, realizing single-layer achromatic metalenses across a wide bandwidth requires that the corresponding meta-atoms have complex cross-sections for correct phase profile and dispersion compensation. Herein, we introduce an effective Abbe number and use lens maker equations to design a dual-layer achromatic metalens in which we compensate the dispersion by using a plano-convex liked metalens combined with a plano-concave liked metalens. The stacked metalens are designed based on simple high refractive index dielectric cylindrical meta-atoms with different radii, which simplify the design and fabrication processes. We demonstrate that a dual-layer achromatic metalens has a small focal length difference across the visible wavelength range and an average focusing efficiency above 50%, which proves that the design method is promising for many potential applications in multi-functional flat optical devices.
Learning complex scattering media for optical encryption
Authors: Zhou Lina , Xiao Yin , Chen Wen
Published: August 2020

Optical encryption has provided a new insight for securing information;
however, it is always desirable that high security can be achieved to
withstand the attacks. In this Letter, we propose a new method via
learning complex scattering media for optical encryption. After the
recordings through complex scattering media, a designed learning model
is trained. The proposed method uses an optical setup with complex
scattering media to experimentally record the ciphertexts and uses a
learning model to generate security keys. During the decryption, the
trained learning model with its parameters is applied as security
keys. In addition, various parameters, e.g., virtual phase-only masks,
can be flexibly applied to further enlarge key space. It is
experimentally demonstrated that the proposed learning-based
encryption approach possesses high security. The proposed method could
open up a new research perspective for optical encryption.
Two-quantum magnetic resonance driven by a comb-like rf field
Authors: Tsygankov Eugene A. , Zibrov Sergei A. , Zibrov Alexander S. , Vassiliev Vitali V. , Chuchelov Dmitry S. , Vaskovskaya Maria I. , Petropavlovsky Sergey V. , Yakovlev Valery P.
Published: August 2020

We report a new method for excitation of magnetic resonance in an optically aligned atomic ensemble. It employs a comb-like rf field acting on the end sublevels of the

F
g

=
1

state separated by the doubled Zeeman frequency. This approach provides a resonance without substructures associated with the quadratic Zeeman shift. A theoretical explanation of the effect is given in terms of the two-quantum transition

|

F

g

=
1
,

m

F

g

=
−

1

⟩
⇆

|

F

g

=
1
,

m

F

g

=
1
⟩

and is corroborated by an experiment with

87

R
b

atoms. Possible advantages of the approach and its range of applicability are discussed.
Rectified phase-matching equation for fiber mode converter gratings using two-mode interference
Authors: Basu Soham
Published: August 2020

The resonance wavelength, where a fiber mode converter grating written using periodic external perturbations achieves phase matching, is both a critical design parameter and a device parameter. However, a method to precisely predict the resonance wavelength for any new fiber and grating writing apparatus has been missing so far. The missing link was the lack of direct experimental methods to estimate the modified intermodal phase after writing with external perturbations. The presented method can make this estimation from a single experiment, over a broad wavelength range, based on a novel mathematical connection between two-mode interference and mode conversion. Using the novel methods, experimentally measured resonance wavelengths for different pitch and irradiation conditions have been predicted within relative errors of

4
×

10

−
3

.
Image recovery of ghost imaging with sparse spatial frequencies
Authors: Yang Dongyue , Wu Guohua , Li Junhui , Chang Chen , Luo Bin , Lin Huizu , Sun Shuai , Xu Yaokun , Yin Longfei
Published: August 2020

When the spatial frequencies of the object are insufficiently sampled, the reconstruction of ghost imaging will suffer from repetitive visual artifacts, which cannot be effectively tackled by existing ghost imaging reconstruction techniques. In this Letter, extensions of the CLEAN algorithm applied in ghost imaging are explored to eliminate those artifacts. Combined with the point spread function estimation using the second-order coherence measurement in ghost imaging, our modified CLEAN algorithm is demonstrated to have a fast and noteworthy improvement against the spatial-frequency insufficiency, even for the extreme sparse sampling cases. A brief explanation of the algorithm and performance analysis are given.
Journaliste, femme et senior : une double peine ?
Authors: Le Cam Florence , Libert Manon
Published: August 2020

Ce texte repose sur une question simple, presque dichotomique : l’âge est-il oui ou non un facteur aggravant d’inégalités pour les journalistes femmes ? En repartant sur une partie des résultats qui avaient montré le plus de différences entre hommes et femmes dans le rapport Être femme journaliste en Belgique francophone (Le Cam et al., 2018), le texte reprend l’analyse des données quantitatives de l’enquête Portrait des journalistes belges en 2018 (Van Leuven et al., 2019) pour creuser la situation d’emploi et la sécurité économique des journalistes seniors (hommes et femmes), en tentant de mettre au jour les spécificités des situations des femmes journalistes seniors. Le constat est clair : l’âge renforce la permanence de la logique de genre en accentuant même certaines discriminations.
Traffic Analysis of Specific Motorways with Different Usage Characteristics in Hungary with the Method of Section Control
Authors: Sándor Zsolt , Monostori Ákos
Published: August 2020

This article presents the result of the large-scale average speed analysis made in Hungary at two motorways in 12 different sections. During the analysis speeds of normal and reduced operations were analysed. This is the first analysis in Hungary which is based on real traffic data. Data from the enforcement system of the road usage right were used and these data were provided by the Hungarian National Toll Payment Service Plc. Results have shown that the majority of the drivers are not obey the speed limits, which has huge risk on traffic safety.
PERSPECTIVA INTERDISCIPLINAR DA EXPERIMENTAÇÃO: PERCEPÇÕES DE ESTUDANTES A PARTIR DA EXPERIMENTAÇÃO CONTEXTUALIZADA
Authors: Luca Anelise Grunfeld de , Santos Sandra Aparecida dos , Pizzato Michelle Camara , Del-Pino José Claudio
Published: August 2020

This work presents the perceptions about the interdisciplinarity, from the students who carried out contextualized experiments in an interdisciplinary perspective. Sixty-one students were from final elementary school and 52 students from high school, from two schools in SC, during the years 2012 and 2013. They carried out experiments proposed by the teachers in the Science, Chemistry and Biology classes, in order to work the conceptual contents of these subjects. After the experiments, the students answered a structured ten open questions questionnaire, focusing, for this work, on questions 3 and 6. The results displayed that the majority of students observed Chemistry and Biology in an interdisciplinary perspective, from the experiments performed.
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS DE APRENDIZAGEM: INFLUÊNCIAS NA MOTIVAÇÃO DO ALUNO PARA O ESTUDO
Authors: Ribeiro Ricardo De Queiros Batista
Published: August 2020

This article proposes to contribute to the production of knowledge and reflections on the pedagogical aspects of the training of the military in a military higher education institution of the Brazilian Army. The scope of this study is the analysis of the transformation process of the Brazilian Army's education system, with the adoption of competency teaching and the use of Active Learning Methodologies, specifically in the discipline of Psychology. Thus, it is sought to verify the impact of the Active Learning Methodologies on the motivation of the apprentices for the study. It is a quantitative and qualitative exploratory descriptive research. Finally, we present reflections on the motivation for the study in the training course of military personnel of the Brazilian Army, who can collaborate to improve the pedagogical aspects.
SALA DE AULA INVERTIDA: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA EM UM CURSO DE BACHARELADO EM SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Silveira Sidnei Renato , Vit Antônio Rodrigo de , Fortes Patrícia Rodrigues , Franciscatto Roberto
Published: August 2020

This paper presents an experience report, carried out through a case study, in a course of the first semester of a Bachelor's Degree in Information Systems. The case study is part of a project to apply active learning methodologies. In this case study was applied the methodology of the flipped classroom, using a pre-lesson, in the format of a video lesson, made available in the Moodle Virtual Learning Environment and practical activities, developed in a group, in the classroom. The results show that most of the students attended the pre-lesson, as well as participated actively, interacting with the classmates and the teacher in the classroom.
A PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NOS INSTITUTOS FEDERAIS: O CASO DO IFSULDEMINAS, BRASIL
Authors: Mendes Clayton Silva , Andrade Thales Haddad Novaes
Published: August 2020

Knowledge in Science and Technology has become popular and the scientific literacy of students since elementary education has been discussed and adopted by several countries, among them Brazil. The Scientific initiation has been a useful tool for the advancement of this literacy, as well as the implementation of Federal Institutes that focus on basic, technical and technological education allied to scientific research. Thus, this work aimed to identify the types of research carried out at these levels of education through the Federal Institute of the South of Minas Gerais (IFSULDEMINAS), in its region of coverage. Through a descriptive research and through a database of the institution with information about the researches, software was used to aid in the classification and analysis of the data. Therefore, it was possible to identify that the predominant area is agrarian science, with a focus on soil and coffee studies.
Exergy analysis of conventional and hydrothermal liquefaction–esterification processes of microalgae for biodiesel production
Authors: Prasakti Laras , Pratama Sangga Hadi , Fauzi Ardian , Pradana Yano Surya ,   Rochmadi, Budiman Arief
Published: August 2020

As fossil fuels were depleting at an alarming rate, the development of renewable energy has become necessary. One of the promising renewable energy to be used is biodiesel. The interest in using third-generation feedstock, which is microalgae, is rapidly growing. The use of third-generation biodiesel feedstock will be more beneficial as it does not compete with food crop use and land utilization. The advantageous characteristic which sets microalgae apart from other biomass sources is that microalgae have high biomass yield. Conventionally, microalgae biodiesel is produced by lipid extraction followed by transesterification. In this study, combination process between hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and esterification is explored. The HTL process is one of the biomass thermochemical conversion methods to produce liquid fuel. In this study, the HTL process will be coupled with esterification, which takes fatty acid from HTL as raw material for producing biodiesel. Both the processes will be studied by simulating with Aspen Plus and thermodynamic analysis in terms of energy and exergy. Based on the simulation process, it was reported that both processes demand similar energy consumption. However, exergy analysis shows that total exergy loss of conventional exergy loss is greater than the HTL-esterification process.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel chitosan-grafted-polyorthoethylaniline biocomposite and utilization for dye removal from water
Authors: Ahmad Mirza Nadeem , Hussain Arif , Anjum Muhammad Naveed , Hussain Tajamal , Mujahid Adnan , Hammad Khan Muhammad , Ahmed Toheed
Published: August 2020

Chitosan was grafted with polyorthoethylaniline through oxidative polymerization using ammonium persulfate as oxidant, resulting in the formation of a biocomposite of chitosan-grafted-polyorthoethylaniline (CH-g-POEA). The synthesized biocomposite (CH-g-POEA) was characterized by FTIR, SEM, and TGA. Adsorption of methyl orange (MO) dye by CH-g-POEA was studied, wherein the Langmuir isotherm model with a R2 of 0.9979 and adsorption capacity of 45.7 mg/g was evaluated.
Crystal structure of incommensurate ηʺ-Cu1.235Sn intermetallic
Authors: Leineweber Andreas , Wieser Christian , Hügel Werner
Published: August 2020

The crystallographic parameters of the incommensurately ordered phase ηʺ of the composition Cu1.235Sn are reported. This phase belongs to the group of ordered Ni2In/NiAs-type phases, with a NiAs-type arrangement Cu(1)Sn and additional Cu(2) atoms partially occupying trigonal-bipyramidal interstices in an ordered fashion, leading to the formula Cu(1)Cu(2)0.235Sn = Cu1.235Sn. The structure model, afterward refined on the basis of powder X-ray diffraction data, has been derived on the basis of the slightly Cu-poorer commensurately ordered η′-Cu6Sn5 (=Cu1.2Sn) phase but also on previously reported commensurate structure models η8-Cu1.25Sn and η4+1-Cu1.243Sn derived from selected area electron diffraction data. In line with a recent work (Leineweber, Wieser & Hügel, Scr. Mater. 2020, 183, 66–70), the incommensurate ηʺ phase is regarded as a metastable phase formed upon partitionless ordering of the η high-temperature phase with absent long-range ordering of the Cu(2) atoms. The previously described η8 and η4+1 superstructure are actually of the same phase, and the corresponding superstructure models can be regarded as approximant structures of the ηʺ phase.

The refined structure model is described in 3+1 dimensional superspace group symmetry C2/c(q
10-q
3)00 with a unit cell of the average structure with lattice parameters of a
av
= 4.21866(3) Å, b
av = 7.31425(5) Å, c
av = 5.11137(3) Å and b
av = 90.2205(5)° and a unit cell volume V = 157.717(2) Å3. The modulation vector is with q
1 = 0.76390(4), q
3 = 1.51135(5), and governs the spatial modulation of the occupancy of the Cu(2) atoms described by a Crenel function. The occupational ordering is accompanied by displacive modulations of the atoms constituting the crystal structure, ensuring reasonable interatomic distances on a local level. In particular, the spatial requirements of pairs of edge-sharing Cu(2)Sn5 trigonal bipyramids (Cu(2)2Sn8) lead to a measurable splitting of some fundamental reflections in the powder diffraction data. This splitting is considerable smaller in η′-Cu1.20Sn, which lacks such pairs due to the lower Cu content.
Increased Joint Mobility Is Associated With Impaired Transversus Abdominis Contraction
Authors: Mitchell Ulrike H. , Owen Patrick J. , Rantalainen Timo , Belavý Daniel L.
Published: August 2020

Mitchell, UH, Owen, PJ, Rantalainen, T, and Belavý, DL. Increased joint mobility is associated with impaired transversus abdominis contraction. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2472–2478, 2022—Increased joint mobility is a risk factor for joint injury, but muscle function may be able to compensate for it. Current evidence suggests reduced force production capacity in people with hypermobility. However, little is known about the lumbar spine. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess whether there was a link between joint mobility and transverse abdominis and multifidus muscles contraction, muscles ascribed a core-stability role. Using a modified quantitative version of the Beighton scale (BOM score), we measured joint mobility of 30 middle-aged individuals without low back pain. These scores were correlated with magnetic resonance imaging–derived measures of transverse abdominis and multifidus muscle contraction during a spinal loading maneuver. The level of significance was set for p ≤ 0.05. The results showed greater joint mobility (a higher BOM score) correlated (r = 0.468; p = 0.009) with reduced transversus abdominis (TrA) shortening during contraction (i.e., less muscle shortening in people with greater joint mobility). The trunk subdomain score exhibited a correlation of 0.354 with TrA length change, but this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.055). The subdomains of the BOM score did not correlate significantly with each other (p ≥ 0.097). No association was seen between multifidus contraction and joint mobility. The results suggest that greater general joint mobility is associated with impaired contraction of the TrA muscle. This should be considered when coaching athletes or treating patients with (functional) spinal instability. The quantitative approach we developed to measure joint mobility could be used in the future studies of global flexibility.
Evaluation of the At-Rest Coefficient of Earth Pressure in Unsaturated Residual Soil with a New Suction-Controlled Device
Authors: de Campos Tácio M. P. , de C. Viana Ana Carolina , Silva Thaiana A. , Abrantes Lorena G.
Published: August 2020

Data on the at-rest coefficient of earth pressure (K0) in undisturbed, unsaturated residual soils are rarely found in the literature. This article describes a new suction-controlled system developed for measuring K0 in residual soil samples, as well as corrections required to get a sensible evaluation of K0. The K0 device comprises a rigid chamber containing a 4-in diameter triaxial sample. Suction is controlled using the axis translation technique. The results of tests performed in mature and young residual soils originated from phacoidal gneiss are presented and discussed. The testing interpretation using either Bishop’s or Fredund’s approaches provide similar results. It is shown that K0 varies with both suction and net stress and is affected by the degree of weathering of residual soils.
Average charge of superheavy recoil ion in helium gas
Authors: Kaji D. , Morita K. , Morimoto K. , Haba H. , Kudo H.
Published: August 2020

The average equilibrium charges q
ave of heavy recoil ions moving in helium gas were measured by a gas-filled recoil ion separator (GARIS). A new empirical formula to calculate q
ave for superheavy recoil ions with a low velocity was derived. This formula was applicable to the search for a superheavy nuclide of 266Bh.
Determination of plutonium, uranium and americium/curium isotopes in environmental samples with anion exchange, UTEVA, Sr and DGA resin
Authors: Lee M.H. , Park J.-H. , Song K.
Published: August 2020

This study presents a quantitative sequential radiochemical separation method for the Pu, U, Sr and Am/Cm isotopes with an anion exchange resin, UTEVA resin, Sr resin and DGA resin in environmental samples. After the radionuclides were leached from samples with 8 M HNO3, the Pu, U, Sr and Am/Cm isotopes were sequentially adsorbed on the anion exchange column, UTEVA column connected with Sr Spec column and DGA column. The Pu isotopes were purified from other nuclides through the anion exchange column, and the uranium isotopes were separated from other nuclides through the UTEVA column. Also, 90Sr was separated from other hindrance elements such as Ca2+, Ba2+ and Y3+ with the Sr Spec column. Finally, Am/Cm fractions were purified with the DGA and anion exchange resins. After α source preparation for the purified Pu, U and Am/Cm isotopes with the micro-coprecipitation method, the Pu, U and Am/Cm isotopes were measured by an alpha spectrometry. Strontium-90 was measured by a low level liquid scintillation counter. The radiochemical procedure for Pu, U and Am nuclides investigated in this study has been validated by application to IAEA Reference soils.
Heavy metal elements in toiletries analyzed by INAA, ICP-MS and SEM-EDX
Authors: Furuta E. , Minowa H. , Tagami K. , Okada Y. , Nakahara H.
Published: August 2020

Recently, many toiletries claiming inclusion of platinum (Pt), silver (Ag) and gold (Au) as additives are sold in ordinary cosmetics shops. However, their concentrations are not clearly indicated. In the present work, these toiletries were analyzed for heavy metal elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the particle sizes were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the constitutions of the small particles were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The concentrations of Pt in the toiletries observed were from 1 to 80 ppm. The lower detection limit of Pt by INAA was about 1 ppm because of the presence of sodium in high concentrations for those samples. Consequently, some toiletries which should have had Pt according to the manufactures were found not to contain Pt probably because it was less than the detection limit. On the other hand, there were a few toiletries that were found to contain Ag although the addition of Ag was not mentioned by the manufactures. It is considered that these non-indicated Ag were included as impurities of the added Au. The concentrations of the non-indicated Ag were even higher than those of the indicated Ag. A very small amount of Sr, which was nominated in the negative list of Japan, was also detected in 2 out of 5 kinds of toiletries analyzed by ICP-MS.
The extraction of past environmental information using 137Cs and some elements in terrestrial carbonate deposits
Authors: Sugihara S. , Kurisaki K. , Morinaga I. , Momoshima N. , Yoshimura K.
Published: August 2020

Terrestrial carbonate deposits with a banded layer structure can be good tools for the extraction of past environmental information on global and local scales. The absolute age dating is most important for the reconstruction of an environmental chronicle. The terrestrial carbonate deposits(tufa) was collected at Hirao-dai Plateau in Fukuoka, Japan. Tufa has wide banded layers in which the growth rates are about a few mm a year. The activity of 137Cs that was a global or local fallout radionuclide was measured in each layer of the tufa sample. The absolute age was determined by the numbering of a banded layer and 137Cs activity profiles. The trace of the atomic bombing at Nagasaki was detected. The growth rate of the tufa is related to the environment of the year. The variations of a depositional condition of tufa sample were checked by some metal concentrations determined by neutron activation analysis. The relationship between the variation of environmental condition and the historical event at Hirao-dai was discussed using these metal concentration profiles.
Chromosome-Scale Assembly of the Bread Wheat Genome Reveals Thousands of Additional Gene Copies
Authors: Alonge Michael , Shumate Alaina , Puiu Daniela , Zimin Aleksey V , Salzberg Steven L
Published: August 2020

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a major food crop and an important plant system for agricultural genetics research. However, due to the complexity and size of its allohexaploid genome, genomic resources are limited compared to other major crops. The IWGSC recently published a reference genome and associated annotation (IWGSC CS v1.0, Chinese Spring) that has been widely adopted and utilized by the wheat community. Although this reference assembly represents all three wheat subgenomes at chromosome-scale, it was derived from short reads, and thus is missing a substantial portion of the expected 16 Gbp of genomic sequence. We earlier published an independent wheat assembly (Triticum_aestivum_3.1, Chinese Spring) that came much closer in length to the expected genome size, although it was only a contig-level assembly lacking gene annotations. Here, we describe a reference-guided effort to scaffold those contigs into chromosome-length pseudomolecules, add in any missing sequence that was unique to the IWGSC CS v1.0 assembly, and annotate the resulting pseudomolecules with genes. Our updated assembly, Triticum_aestivum_4.0, contains 15.07 Gbp of nongap sequence anchored to chromosomes, which is 1.2 Gbps more than the previous reference assembly. It includes 108,639 genes unambiguously localized to chromosomes, including over 2000 genes that were previously unplaced. We also discovered >5700 additional gene copies, facilitating the accurate annotation of functional gene duplications including at the Ppd-B1 photoperiod response locus.
Desplazamientos del modernismo: Greenberg en el pensamiento artístico de José Luis Castillejo
Authors: Cáceres Cantero Luis
Published: August 2020

Este trabajo reflexiona sobre el debate formalista del modernismo greenberguiano al que se adhiere el escritor, diplomático y coleccionista José Luis Castillejo en su trabajo, tras su expulsión del grupo Zaj a finales de los 60, para analizarlo críticamente y examinar su validez en la práctica del escritor. El punto de partida del texto es un estudio más detallado de la correspondencia hallada en archivos públicos de España y Estados Unidos entre el escritor y el crítico Clement Greenberg desarrollada entre 1981 y 1983, un material al que no se le ha prestado la atención que se merece por su relevancia para la historiografía nacional e internacional.
El patrocinio artístico de Bartolomé Martínez de Quintana e Isabel de Franqui en Palermo, Madrid y Moneo (Burgos) a comienzos del siglo XVII. Obras de Antonio de Herrera, escultor del rey, y Filippo Paladini, pintor florentino
Authors: Payo Hernanz René Jesús , Matesanz Barrio José
Published: August 2020

Bartolomé Martínez de Quintana, desarrolló importantes cargos en el gobierno del virreinato de Sicilia –donde casó con Isabel de Franchi (Franqui), que pertenecía a una noble familia genovesa instalada en Palermo– y en Madrid a finales del siglo XVI y en los primeros años del siglo XVII. Tanto en los territorios italianos como en la corte madrileña, este matrimonio adquirió una notable cantidad de pinturas y esculturas entre las que destacan las obras del pintor Filippo Paladini y del escultor real Antonio de Herrera Barnuevo. Algunas de estas obras acabaron formando parte del retablo mayor de Moneo (Burgos) que integra los lienzos de Paladini y las tallas de Herrera.
Determinación de la estabilidad e irritabilidad del hidrolizado de sericina
Authors: Correa-Rivero Héctor , Díaz-Casañas Elaine , Bernal Veitia Osmel , Malvarez Fernández Yolanda
Published: August 2020

La sericina es una proteína globular que se obtiene a partir de los capullos del gusano de seda Bombyx mori y tiene aplicaciones en la industria farmacéutica, alimentaria y cosmética. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la estabilidad e irritabilidad dérmica y oftálmica del hidrolizado de sericina (líquido). 3 lotes producidos a escala piloto se almacenaron en frascos de polietileno de alta densidad en diferentes condiciones de temperatura: 40±2 ºC por 6 meses y temperatura hasta los 30 ºC durante 18 meses. Se hizo una evaluación fisicoquímica y microbiológica a tiempo inicial y 1, 2, 3, 6 meses (acelerada) y 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 meses (anaquel). Se llevaron a cabo los estudios toxicológicos correspondientes a productos con fines cosméticos. Se constató que las características organolépticas, densidad, el pH, la concentración de proteínas y la identidad de los lotes en las dos condiciones de temperaturas y no hubo variación significativa en el tiempo del estudio. Se definió el tiempo de vida útil del producto en 18 meses. Se concluyó que el hidrolizado de sericina en frascos de polietileno de alta densidad es estable a temperaturas hasta 30 ºC durante 18 meses y no clasificó como irritante dérmico, ni oftálmico.