bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Use of Anidulafungin on Failure of Weaning Due to Ventilator-associated Pneumonia which Complicate Contused Lungs
Authors: Allam Mohamed Gaber Ibrahium Mostafa
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Failure of weaning is considered one of the most difficult challenges facing any intensivist especially in the devitalized lung due to infected lung contusion. Unsatisfactory results with prolonged treatment with the proper broad-spectrum antibiotics raise the point of exclusion of candidemia or suspected pulmonary candidiasis which is considered a major problem not only because of increasing rate (2-10 per 1000 ICU admission) but also because of difficult diagnosis. Patients with failure of weaning due to unresolved VAP after receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics for more than 10 days especially in preexisting severe lung contusion should be put on empirical systemic antifungal. Echinocandins are a new class of antifungal drugs used as a reliable class for empirical systemic antifungal treatment.

Aim of Work:

The study aims to evaluate and compare the effect of the use of anidulafungin on weaning from the ventilator due VAP which complicates traumatized contused lungs after 2 weeks from ventilation.

Patients and Methods:

This was a prospective double-blind study done on 200 patients admitted to King Abdulaziz Specialized Hospital, Taif, KSA between March 2015 and August 2018 in surgical ICU with the failure of weaning due to Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) complicate contused lungs. Group (A) 100 patients started on antibiotics regimen according to qualitative culture for 2 weeks while group (B) 100 patients received anidulafungin with the antibiotics regimen.

In this study, diagnosis of lung contusion was made by Computerized Axial Tomography (CT) chest while both VAP was diagnosed by a modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS). A score of 6 or more was considered VAP.

Results:

Comparing the data of the patients in the 3 studied periods (1st5 days, 2nd5 days and last 4 days) controlled tracheal secretion was recorded in 15, 38 and 46 patients in group A respectively in the 3 studied periods compared to 28, 75 and 83 in group B. Less parenchymatous lung infiltration in the chest X-ray found was in 12, 40 and 48 patients in group A compared to 24, 88 and 91 patients in group B. Improvement of the hypoxic index in 48, 76 and 85 patients in group A was compared to 66, 90 and 98 patients in B. Normalization of temperature in 16, 36 and 54 patients in group A while 40, 76 and 90 patients in B and reduction of total leucocytic count in 18, 35 and 57 patients in group A while 38, 70 and 87 patients in group B were observed. There were 15 out of 98 patients in Group A not weaned while only 5 out of 100 patients in group B failed to be weaned from mechanical ventilation within the study period (2 weeks).

Conclusion:

The use of anidulafungin with proper antibiotics in patients with failure of weaning due to VAP complicate contused lung efficiently treated VAP and reduced the morbidity by accelerating the weaning from the ventilator compared to the use of proper antibiotics alone.
Teens Using Screens for Help: Impact of Suicidal Ideation, Anxiety, and Depression Levels on Youth Preferences for Telemental Health Resources (Preprint)
Authors: Toscos Tammy , Coupe Amanda , Flanagan Mindy , Drouin Michelle , Carpenter Maria , Reining Lauren , Roebuck Amelia , Mirro Michael J
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

High rates of mental illness, stress, and suicidality among teens constitute a major public health concern in the United States. However, treatment rates remain low, partially because of barriers that could be mitigated with tech-based telemental health (TMH) resources, separate from or in addition to traditional care.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to analyze TMH resource usage by high school students to establish current user characteristics and provide a framework for future development.

METHODS

A total of 2789 students were surveyed regarding demographics, recent anxiety and depression symptoms, suicidality, and stress; people with whom they could openly and honestly discuss stress or problems, and prior TMH use. Logistic regression models and a general linear model were used to test relationships between variables.

RESULTS

Overall, 30.58% (853/2789) and 22.91% (639/2789) of students reported moderate to severe anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively, in the past 2 weeks; 16.24% (414/2550) had seriously considered suicide in the past year, consistent with national averages. Meanwhile, 16.03% (447/2789) of students had previously used at least 1 of 4 types of TMH resources (ie, self-help, anonymous chat, online counselor, or crisis text line). Teens reporting depression symptoms, higher stress, or suicidality were less likely to talk to a parent about stress or problems and more likely to tell no one. Suicidality was related to the use of all 4 types of TMH resources. Depression symptoms were related to the use of anonymous chat and crisis text line, and those with higher stress were more likely to have used an online counselor. Those reporting anxiety symptoms were less likely to have no one to talk to and more likely to have used a self-help resource.

CONCLUSIONS

Youth struggling with mental health symptoms, some of whom lack real-life confidants, are using existing TMH support, with resource preferences related to symptoms. Future research should consider these preferences and assist in the creation of specialized, evidence-based TMH resources.
Results Based Management (RBM) as a Tool for Good Governance
Authors: Gwata Rudo Grace
Published: December 2018

Governments and other public institutions worldwide are facing increasing demands for good governance and the achievement of sustainable socioeconomic development. They are thus seized with searching for the appropriate strategies albeit with considerable difficulties. Literature shows that several nations that adopted and effectively institutionalized the Results Based Management approach have managed to meet the demands with relative ease. This study sought to investigate the linkage between the institutionalization of RBM and the improvement in good governance as well as the delivery of development results. The findings are aimed at contributing to literature on good governance, RBM and development program management in general. Premised upon a qualitative approach, data for this study were gathered through the review of print and electronic documentation on good governance and RBM, primarily relating to Malaysia Rwanda, nations that have registered marked improvements in good governance, implementation of RBM as well as the delivery of development results. Analysis of data showed that RBM is an effective for good governance that can lead to the successful delivery of development results. The effective implementation of the approach is therefore highly recommended as is further research on the relationship of the two notions.
Ensino de Língua de Sinais Brasileira como primeira língua: currículo em práticas no estágio do Letras Libras
Authors: SOUZA Margarida Maria Pimentel de , Faria-Nascimento Sandra Patrícia De , Lustosa Francisca Geny
Published: December 2018

Este artigo partilha experiências do estágio supervisionado do Curso de Licenciatura em Letras-Libras, no ensino da Língua de Sinais Brasileira (Libras ou LSB) como primeira língua (L1), sob três aspectos interrelacionados: (a) o estágio como vivência reflexiva e colaborativa; (b) a imersão do estudante em prática docente sociointeracionista, refletindo sobre os conceitos de língua materna e o currículo de Libras como L1; e (c) a escola como território de produção de cultura, lugar de (des)territorialização dos estágios e (des)construção de identidades dos estudantes. Os dados para análise foram extraídos dos registros do estágio da primeira turma de Letras Libras/UFC, em atividades produzidas nos semestres letivos 2017.1 e 2017.2. Os fundamentos teóricos que embasaram as experiências desse estágio foram desenvolvidas por meio da Sequência (Didática) Fedathi (BORGES-NETO, 2017a; 2017b), apoiaram-se no aporte sociointeracionista proposto por Vygotsky (1989; 1993), no ideário da consciência metalinguística (GIUSTINA; ROSSI, 2008), em intercessão com literatura específica na área da surdez (LANE, 1992; SACKS, 1998). Os relatórios apresentados pelos estagiários, em Libras, refletiram os resultados da empiria, apresentando a urgência da sistematização do currículo de Libras como L1, nos diferentes níveis de ensino. Ao final desta experiência, pode-se afirmar que as diferentes etapas problematizaram o currículo, a escola e o ensino de Libras como L1, e oportunizaram vivências da tríade: educando (da escola), estagiário e professores (supervisores), delineando um arcabouço rizomático, como ponte à constituição da profissionalização dos (futuros) docentes de Libras.
THE OPTIMAL KINEMATIC MODEL OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE CLEAR HIP CIRCLE TO HANDSTAND ON THE UNEVEN BARS – A CASE STUDY
Authors: Petković Emilija , Veličković Saša , Kolar Edvard , Stanković Ratko , Stanković Daniel
Published: December 2018

The aim of this research was to define the optimal kinematic parameters of performance of the Clear hip circle to handstand on uneven bars (KOVT). The optimal kinematic model defined in this case study represents an example of the successful performance of the Clear hip circle to handstand on the uneven bars. The exercise was performed at the 39th and 40th World Cup in Artistic gymnastics in Maribor (SLO). The kinematic parameters were specified by the APAS 3-D video system (Ariel Dynamics Inc., San Diego, CA), using 16 anthropometric reference points and 8 body segments (Foot, Ankle, Knee joint, Hip joint, Wrist, Elbow joint, Shoulder joint and Head), in which one of the points represents the center of gravity of the body. The female gymnasts (N=15), mean age 17.5 yrs, who performed one Clear hip circle on the uneven bars performed two KOVTs in their gymnastics routine, while the rest performed one KOVT on the uneven bars, mean age 17.5. The main method in this research was kinematic, and the additional one was statistical. Optimizing the technique of successful performance of the KOVT is important for detecting different styles of the technique that occur in female gymnasts.
EFFECTS OF A 12 WEEK RECREATIONAL FOOTBALL AND HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON PHYSICAL FITNESS IN OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN
Authors: Cvetković Nemanja , Stojanović Emilija , Stojiljković Nenad , Nikolić Dušan , Milanović Zoran
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 12 week recreational football and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on physical fitness in overweight children. Forty-two overweight and obese boys aged 11-13 were randomly divided into three groups: HIIT group (n = 14), recreational football (n = 14) and a control group that attended regular physical education classes (n = 14). Physical fitness components were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of training at the same time of the day and under similar conditions, including: countermovement jump (CMJ), sprint over 10 and 30 m, flexibility and biochemical parameters (leukocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides). HIIT group increased explosive power of lower extremities by 7.16% (small ES), while the recreational football group recorded slightly less increase of 6.57% (small ES). HIIT led to a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in the number of erythrocytes in the blood (8.90%). The recreational football program influenced the improvement of results in variables spreading lying on the back (6.21%) and the number of erythrocytes (↑ 9.11%). Twelve-weeks of recreational football and HIIT can lead to positive changes in muscle fitness, flexibility and biochemical parameters in overweight and obese children. Compared to the experimental groups, the control group noted minor changes in the aforementioned variables, which indicates the lack of intensity of exercise programs in regular classes of physical education.
DIFFERENCES IN GOAL SCORING AND MINUTES OF SCORING BETWEEN TWO EUROPEAN CHAMPIONSHIPS, ONE AMONG 16 TEAMS (EURO 2012) AND THE OTHER AMONG 24 TEAMS (EURO 2016)
Authors: Tousios Theoharis , Michailidis Yiannis , Mandroukas Athanasios , Mikikis Dimitrios , Metaxas Thomas
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study was to record and compare the goal scoring patterns and the minutes of the game that goals were scored between two Euro Cups (2012 and 2016). All matches (n=82) of both the Euro Cups were video taped and analyzed using the sport software Sportscout. Chi-square methods were used for the data analysis and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. The team that scored the first goal in a match was the winner of that match 70.97% of the time in Euro 2012 and 72% in Euro 2016. In open play, the highs of all the actions were more frequent prior to a goal which involved a cross or a through pass. The 15-min analysis showed that the most goals (20%) were scored between the 46th-60th min of the game in the Euro Cup 2012. Furthermore, in the Euro Cup 2016 the most goals were scored between the 31st-45th minute (19%), 46th–60th minute (19%) and between the 76th-90th minute (18%). No differences between the Euro Cups observed. The results indicated that coaches have to make sure their teams score first, press in the offensive third and prepare their players well in set plays to be more effective.
EVALUATION OF THE GOALS SCORING PATTERNS AND THE RELATION BETWEEN TIME AND GOAL SCORING OF FOUR UEFA CHAMPIONS LEAGUE TOURNAMENTS
Authors: Michailidis Yiannis , Mandroukas Athanasios , Vardakis Lazaros , Metaxas Thomas
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare time period and patterns of goal scoring in four UEFA Champions League (UCL) tournaments (2013-2017). All matches (n=500) of the four Champions League tournaments were recorded using video and analyzed with the software Sportsscout. Chi-square methods were used for the data analysis and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. The time period and scoring pattern comparison between UCL tournaments did not present any significant difference (X2=84.500, p>0.05 for the time period, X2=25.350, p>0.05 for open play and X2=7.503, p>0.05 for set play). The 15-min analysis for each tournament did not show any significant difference if we exclude all extra time periods. However, in UCL 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 more goals were scored in the second half (X2=9.696, p<0.05 and X2=7.496, p<0.05, respectively). With open play more goals were scored than set play (75% and 25% average, respectively). The action that scored the most goals in open play was combination and crosses (21.6% and 22.4% respectively) and in set play was corners and penalties (33.9%, all). The results showed that no differences occurred between CLs regarding the scoring patterns and time periods of scoring. However, goal scoring might be time dependent because more goals were scored in the second half. An explanation for this could be the fatigue and the tactical strategy. About the patterns, coaches must focus on training crosses and passing combinations. Also, they should give a lot of attention to corners of set plays.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LOWER BODY MUSCLE POTENTIAL DURING UNLOADED AND LOADED SQUAT JUMP IN ELITE MALE SPRINT SWIMMERS
Authors: Đurović Marko , Nikolić Miloš , Paunović Miloš , Madić Dejan , Okičić Tomislav
Published: December 2018

The primary purpose was to determine differences between lower body muscle potential during the unloaded and loaded squat jump (SJ) in elite male swimmers. The secondary purpose was to assess the load that would maximize power output in the SJ. Twenty-one elite male trained competitive swimmers, all members of the Central Serbia Swimming Team (Age = 20.7 ± 3.8 yrs., Height = 1.84 ± 0.56 m, Weight = 77.5 ± 7.3 kg, FINA points 2017 long course = 636 ± 80) performed two trials of the unloaded and loaded SJ (barbell loads equal to 25 and 35% body weight). Loaded SJ testing with free weights was done using the Smith machine. The Myotest performance measuring system was used to calculate absolute and relative values of average power (Pavg, PavgRel) and maximal power (Pmax, PmaxRel) achieved during the unloaded and loaded SJ. The one-way ANOVA method and POST HOC (Tukey HSD) test were used. The results showed significant interactions between the unloaded and loaded squat jump for relative values of maximal power (F= 12.95, p= 0.000) and average power (F= 12.20, p= 0.000) as well as absolute values (F= 7.66, p= 0.001; F= 7.40, p= 0.001). The instantaneous power output in the SJ at 0% additional load (body weight) was significantly greater than that at 25% and 35% in the elite male trained competitive swimmers. The practical application of this study suggests that for male sprint swimmers, the load that generates maximal power output in the squat jump is body weight, without any additional load.
Vehicles, contents and supervenience
Authors: Vosgerau Gottfried
Published: December 2018

In this paper, I provide an argument for the assumption that contents
supervene on vehicles, which is based on the explanatory role of
representations in the cognitive sciences. I then show that the
supervenience thesis together with the explanatory role imply that the
individuation criteria for contents and vehicles are tightly bound together,
such that content internalism (externalism) is in effect equivalent to
vehicle internalism (externalism). In the remainder of the paper, I argue
that some of the different positions in the debate stem from different
research questions, namely the question about the acquisition conditions and
the question about the entertaining conditions for mental representation.
Finally, I argue that the thesis of externalism is much more interesting if
understood as a claim about how mental representation works in our world as
opposed to how they work in all metaphysically possible worlds. In
particular, I argue that this ?nomological? understanding of the thesis is
able to explain how and why the experimental methods used in contemporary
cognitive sciences are able to provide insight into behavior generation.
The mind beyond the head: Two arguments in favour of embedded cognition
Authors: Roselli Andrea
Published: December 2018

In this paper I defend situated approaches of cognition, and the idea that
mind, body and external world are inseparable. In the first section, I
present some anti-Cartesian approaches of cognition and discuss the
intuition they share that there is a constitutive interaction between mind,
body and external environment. In the second section, I present the fallacy
of the Cartesian theater of the mind and explain its theoretical premises.
In the third section, I present a spatial argument against it, and argue
that some case studies could give support to the idea of the mind stretching
over the boundaries of the skull. In the fourth section, I present a
temporal argument, and argue that even in this case the idea of an
interaction between our cognitive life and the external world has at least a
very strong intuitive palatability.
Ontologization and pre-theoretical concept of practice. Further reflections on the problem of Heidegger’s practical philosophy
Authors: Wang Hongjian
Published: December 2018

Although it is not rare in research to consider Heidegger?s thoughts in the
light of the rela?tionship between theory and practice, Heidegger behaves
himself against this dichotomy. In order to understand Heidegger?s criticism
of this dichotomy and his conception of the original unity between theory
and practice, we must trace back to Heidegger?s reading of Aristotle?s
practical philosophy. It is attempted to show that Heidegger?s
ontologization of practice aims at elaborating the pre-theoretical concept
of practice, which is in contrast to the unity of theory and poiesis. The
ontologization is realized through the method of formal indication, which in
this sense is at the center of Heidegger?s philosophy.
Between philosophy and state: Hegel’s dialectic of the institutionalization of freedom
Authors: Jovanov Rastko
Published: December 2018

Hegel considers, in his system of philosophy, different specifications of
freedom; he distin?guishes between subjective, objective and absolute
freedom. I am interested, in this paper, primarily in the dialectics of
objective freedom, which Hegel introduces in his Philosophy of Law, in order
to point out the problematics of the historicity of objective freedom, and
to argue that the concept of freedom gains the quality of true historicity
only at the level of the absolute spirit. This will allow me to open the
space, within my argument, for presenting the thesis about the dialectical
gap which is present in Hegel?s understanding of the perfection of freedom
at two different levels of his system: in the state as attaining the
concreteness of freedom in the domain of the objectivity of the spirit, as
well as in the apparently apoliti?cal notion of freedom in the sphere of the
absolute spirit, that is, in the sphere of concrete thinking, the sphere of
philosophy itself.
Subjective universality of great novelists as an artistic measure of history’s advance towards actualising Kant’s vision of freedom
Authors: Kovacevic Bojan
Published: December 2018

The main idea behind this article is that in order to understand the meaning
that Kant?s political philosophy is rendered to by the given
socio-historical context of a community we need to turn for help to artistic
genius whose subjective ?I? holds a general feeling of the world and life.
It is in this sense that authors of great novels can help us in two ways.
First, their works summarise for our imagination artistic truth about man?s
capacity for humanity, the very thing that Kant considers to be the
scientifically improvable ?fact of reason?. Second, works of great writers
offer for our insight destinies of individuals who decide to pursue moral
dictate in a society, thus actualising the potential that lies hidden in all
of us, making us worthy of respect. As we lack objective scientific standard
of measurement, artist?s universal feeling of the world is impressed upon us
through a narrative about a man who, in a given society and in a given
moment, decides to exercise his autonomy and seek the divine in himself.
Contemporary social scientists? attempts to prove historical progress is
characterised by the very lack of humbleness. Referring to the great
novelists? works in this article is aimed to remind scientists of restraint
and self-control demanded from them by the citizen of Konigsberg.
Autonomy, dignity and history in Caranti’s Kant’s political legacy
Authors: Filieri Luigi
Published: December 2018

In this paper I discuss some relevant theses of Caranti?s Kant?s Political
Legacy, whose aim is to provide a consistent account of how we could develop
Kant?s political thought and see to what extent Kant?s insights can help us
to critically understand the 21st century?s political world. First, I will
focus on autonomy as the ground of dignity and discuss Caranti?s arguments
against the exclusiveness of the Categorical Imperative as the sole
principle of true moral agency. Second, I will take into account Caranti?s
views on history and consider whether human rational nature can be regarded
as containing teleological - though non-biological - elements, thereby
questioning Caranti?s Separability Thesis.
Volatilization behavior of tin during carbothermic reduction of tin-bearing middling to recover tin
Authors: Jing J. , Guo Y. , Chen F. , Zheng F. , Yang L.
Published: December 2018

A new method for selecting reducing agent was proposed in this study. This study dedicated to recovery of tin from tinbearing middling by carbothermic reduction. Volatilization behavior of tin during carbothermic reduction was systematically studied, including the tin volatilization thermodynamics and kinetics, the selecting method of reducing agent, the effects of reducing agent, reduction temperature and effect of time on the tin volatilization rate. The thermodynamic results showed that the SnO2 was reduced to SnO by controlling CO% in the range of 9%~15%, and then volatilized as SnO. The reduction efficiency and the reaction capability with CO2 of three reducing agent were investigated, which indicated tin volatilization was close in nature to the reductant, and it was beneficial to the volatilization by using the coke powder. The experiment results show that the volatilization ratio of tin can reach more than 81.34% when the coke powder is used as the reducing agent at 900?C for 2h. The kinetic of tin volatilization during the reduction roasting process showed that the reaction was controlled by the interface chemical reaction and the activation energy of the reaction was 44.66 kJ/mol.
Microwave-assisted synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of 6-[3-aryl-1-phenyl-4’,5’-dihydro[4,5’-bi-1H-pyrazol]-3’-yl]-2H-chromen-5-ols
Authors: Ashok Dongamanti , Kavitha Rangu , Gundu Srinivas , Sarasija Madderla
Published: December 2018

A new series of 6-[3-aryl-1-phenyl-4?,5?-dihydro[4,5?-bi-1H-pyrazol]-3?-yl]-2H-chromen-5-ol derivatives was synthesized by Michael addition of chalcones 5a?j with hydrazine hydrate in presence of sodium acetate under conventional heating and microwave irradiation. Structural assignment of the products was confirmed based on IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS and analytical data. All the synthesized compounds 6a?j were screened for their antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal strains. Most of the compounds exhibited variable range of antimicrobial activity and compounds 6c?f and 6i showed promising antimicrobial potency.
Will the machine perfusion of the liver increase the number of donor organs suitable for transplantation?
Authors: Gulyaev V. A. , Zhuravel’ S. V. , Novruzbekov M. S. , Olisov O. D. , Lutsyk K. N , Minina M. G. , Mironov A. S. , Kuznetsova N. K. , Magomedov K. M. , Khubutiya M. Sh
Published: December 2018

Worldwide, there is a trend towards an increase in the number of patients waiting for liver transplantation, despite an increase in the total number of liver transplantation operations. Solving the problem of donor organ shortage is possible through the use of organs from marginal donors: organs removed after cardiac arrest, organs with a high percentage of steatosis, organs from donors over the age of 60 years. The main reason for refusing to use them is the risk of severe complications and an unfavorable outcome of the operation. Static cold preservation today is the main method of protecting donor organs from thermal damage, which possesses rather effective protective properties. At the same time, the duration of cold preservation has a limited time interval. There is always uncertainty about the viability of the organ. Modern methods for assessing donor organs such as donor history, laboratory data, visual examination and morphology, do not reliably predict liver function after transplantation. In this regard, the development of methods for preserving the organ after removing, which do not degrade the quality of the organ or even are capable of restoring the lost functions, is relevant. The machine perfusion of the liver is one of the new concepts aimed at solving this problem. The article highlights the international experience of using the machine perfusion of the donor liver over the past 15 years. Machine perfusion is a promising trend of transplantation development, which allows reducing the shortage of donor organs and improving their quality.
Use of cadaver skin in the treatment of wounds
Authors: Sachkov A. V. , Borovkova N. V. , Zhirkova E. A. , Mironov A. S. , Borisov V. S. , Spiridonova T. G. , Ponomarev I. N. , Svishchev A. V.
Published: December 2018

The article has analyzed the world experience and main trends in the preparation of cadaveric skin for use in the treatment of patients with wounds of various etiologies. The history of the question is described from the first attempts of transplantation of the native skin to the creation of specialized banks of allogenic decellularized tissue grafts. Presented are the modern approaches of donor material conservation, specifically, to the principle and topical question: whether the viability of the cells should be preserved in the graft, or it is more efficient to transplant the skin devoid of cellular elements. The advantages and disadvantages of lyophilized grafts have been described, namely the possibility of longterm storage, but loss of elasticity, after rehydration. The methods of cryoconservation of cutaneous allografts, their properties, and acceptable methods of sterilization have been discussed. A perspective technology of graft decellularization has been assessed and the methodologies of their manufacturing have briefly been presented.
On stress integration of coupled viscodamage-viscoplasticity models with separate yield/loading surfaces
Authors: Saksala Timo
Published: December 2018

This paper deals with numerical integration of stresses, inelastic strains and internal variables related to coupled viscodamage-viscoplasticity models. The class of models considered here is the one where the viscodamage and viscoplasticity parts are described independently based on their specific loading/yield criteria and evolutions laws. Moreover, in the viscodamage part, an anisotropic compliance damage formulation is adopted. Both the viscodmage and the viscoplasticity components are formulated in terms of the consistency model by Wang (1997). Two methods for coupling the damage and the plasticity parts are presented. In the first more traditional method, both models are solved simultaneously returning the trial stress onto the intersection of the criteria while updating the internal variables. The second, nonstandard method exploits the damage strain to impose iteratively the stress equality on the stress vectors returned independently on the respective, viscodamage and viscoplasticity surfaces. A special emphasis is laid on the treatment of the corner point plasticity case. After the general treatment, the two methods are illustrated with an application to the Mohr-Coulomb viscoplasticity model combined with Rankine viscodamage model.
Kızılbaş/Alevî Toplumunda Yeni Bir Ocak ve Topluluğun İnşası: Anşa Bacı ve Keçeli Sıraçlar
Authors: Çakmak Yalçın
Published: December 2018

Kızılbaşlık yahut diğer adıyla Alevîlik, II. Abdülhamid dönemi taşra ve merkez bürokrasisi tarafından, içerisinde bulunulan dönemin özgün koşullarından ötürü “özellikle” gözetim altında tutulup, takip edilmiştir. Anşa Bacı ve aile efradı da, söz konusu dönemin Kızılbaşlarından olup, devlet tarafından “Keçeli Sıraç” olarak tabir edilen Beydili-Sıraç Aşireti’ne mensuptur. Bu topluluğun kendisi aynı zamanda, Anadolu’daki Alevî ocaklarından olan “Hubyar Ocağı’nın” da talipleridir.

Anşa Bacı’nın kocası Veli, başlangıçta Hubyar Ocağı’nda “sofuluk” hizmetini yürüten bir şahıs olup, sonrasında Hubyarlı dedelere yönelik getirdiği eleştirilerle tarihi bir ayrışmayı başlatmıştır. Veli’nin ölümünden sonra, eşi Anşa Bacı bu durumu aynen devam ettirmiş ve kendisine bağlı bulunan Sıraçlar içerisinde gerçekleştirdiği iddia edilen bir takım uygulamalardan ötürü devletin dikkatini çekmiştir. Sivas, Tokat, Niksar, Amasya ve Yozgat havalisinde bulunan bağlılarına, “küçük oğlu Hasan’ı ‘Mehdi’ olarak tanıtmak, mal-mülkte ortaklığı savunarak Sıraçlar içerisinde bir takım yardımlar toplayıp aynı zamanda bu topluluğa yardım etmek ve silahlanmak” Anşa Bacı ve ailesine yönelik öne sürülen belli başlı iddialardandır. Bu iddialardan ötürü, Tokat’ın Zile kazasında yaşamakta olan Anşa Bacı ve aile efradına yönelik, bir ihbar/şikâyette bulunulmuş ve buna istinaden devlet tarafından bir tahkikat gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Tahkikat boyunca somut bir delile ulaşılmamasına rağmen Anşa Bacı, çocukları ve damadının da arasında bulunduğu aile üyelerinin Şam’a sürgün edilmesine karar verilmiştir. Sürgünden sonra tekrar Zile’ye dönen Anşa Bacı, bütün bu süre boyunca topluluğu nezdinde karizmatik bir şahsiyet haline gelip, etkileri günümüze değin devam ede gelen ve kendi adıyla anılan bir “Anşa Bacılılar” inanç grubu ve ocağının şekillenmesine vesile olmuştur. Meydana gelen bu tarihi gelişmeler Hubyarlılar ile Anşa Bacılılar arasında hali hazırda sürmekte olan ayrılığı besleyip, iki topluluğun kendi konumlarını konsolide etmesi üzerinde doğrudan bir etki de yaratmıştır.
Hünkâriler Luristan Hünkârileri: Lekler, Zendler, Lurlar, Bahtiyariler ve Türkler
Authors: Küçükkalfa Ahmet
Published: December 2018

Hünkâr Hacı Bektâş-ı Veli’nin Horasan-Nişabur’dan Anadolu’ya seyahati sırasında uğradığı Aslanlı Sahra’da taşa çevirdiği aslanlar konusu ilgimi çekmiş ve 2016 yılında Luristan’a gerçekleştirdiğim keşif gezisi bir araştırmaya dönüşmüştü. Hünkâr, geleneksel Doğu- Batı “Hac ve Göç” yolundan yani Hemedan-Kuzey Luristan (Lek–Delfan) toprakları üzerinden Irak topraklarına geçmişti. Hünkâr’ın Vilayetnamesi’nde izlendiği gibi bölgede Hünkâr’a bağlı Hünkâri inancı yeşermişti.Günümüz Hünkâri inancı, Hünkâr’dan yaklaşık yüz yıl sonra bölgede (Lek–Delfan’da) faaliyet gösteren Sultan İshak’ı inanç kurucusu olarak kabul eder. Öğreti de (İnanışta) yüce yaratıcının adı Farsça “Havendkâr” idi. (Havendkâr, Handkâr, Havendigâr, Hüdâvendigâr, Hünkâr) Türkiye Türkçe’sinde “Hünkâr” ve “Hüdâvendigâr” biçimi önem kazanarak, dünyevileşmiştir. Sadık Safizade’nin derlediği “Name-i Serencam” adlı inanca ait kutsal kitapta, Hünkâr Hacı Bektâş-ı Veli, yaşadığı zamanın Hünkâr’ıdır. İnancın ilk ve en önemli şairi Bayrak Kuşcuoğlu’nun şiirleri de Türkçe’dir.

Sultan İshak’ın takipçileri Hünkâriler günümüz İran sahasında “Ehl-i Hak” (ve Ali İlâhi /Aliyü’l İlâhi) topluluklarıdır. İnançları esas olarak şiir formunda korunmuştur. “Farsça: Guyende, Arapça: Kelâmgu, Türkçe: Söyleyici” olarak hitap edilen 24 sufi söyleyici, başlangıç tarihlerinden itibaren inancı, Türkçe şiir-nefeslerle ifade etmişlerdir. İnanç kurucusu Sultan İshak’tan sonra inancın en kutlu kişisi, inanç kurucusunun torunu ve aynı zamanda Sultan İshak’tan sonra inancın liderliğini üstlenen Şah İbrahim’dir. Şah İbrahim döneminin söyleyicisi (kelâmgu, guyende) Bayrak Kuşcuoğlu, Ehl-i Hak inancın ilk söyleyicisi ve en önemli, en bilinen ve en ünlü şairidir.(Kuşkusuz sonraki dönemlerde diğer etnik gruplara hitap eden şairler de vardır.) Ehl-i Haklar’la ilgili çevreler, 24 guyendeden Kul Veli ve Kuloğlu’nun Hacı Bektaş’la, Yunus’un Yunus Emre ile ilgili olduklarını düşünmektedirler (Bu konunun da araştırılması umuduyla). İnancın takipçilerinden özellikle Türk-Ateş Beyli topluluğu, en büyük topluluk olup, çeşitli tahminlere göre, Ateşbeyliler’in oranı %30-40 arasındadır (Hünkâri inancı yani “Ehl-i Hak’lar” ve “Ali İlâhi /Aliyü’l İlâhi’ler” ayrı bir yazı konusudur.).

Orta Doğu coğrafyasında bin yıllık Türk egemenliğinin başlamasıyla birlikte, Hünkâri inancının yeşerdiği Hemedan-Musul arasındaki bu “Hac ve Göç” yoluna, Türk soylu toplulukları yerleşmiş, yüzyıllar boyunca yolun güvenliği, öncelikle Türk soylu topluluklara emanet edilmiştir (Kanuni’nin 1533-1535 seferi sonrası Hemedan şehrinden Musul’a kadar topraklar Osmanlı yönetimindedir). Günümüzde Luristan bölgesinin ve Lekler’in etnik yapısı hakkında tartışmalar sürmektedir. Bu araştırmamızın gösterdiği gibi Lekler, Anadolu’da hatta İran’da soydaşları olan, Türk asıllı topluluklardır. Oryantalistlerin sürekli ilgi alanında bulunan bölge, kültürel tarihimizin bir parçasıdır.
Kültürel Bellek Aktarımında Sosyal Örgütlenme ve Kontrol Mekanizması İlişkisi: Musahiplik Kurumu Örneği
Authors: Akın Erdem
Published: December 2018

Toplumsal bir yapı olarak örgüt (organizasyon) kavramı, -en açık şekildebir amacı gerçekleştirmek üzere bir araya gelmiş bireyler topluluğunu ifade eder. Sosyal örgütlenme ise birey-birey, birey-grup, birey-otorite arasındaki ilişki örüntülerini ayrıca grubu oluşturan bireylerin amaca ulaşabilmek için oluşturdukları kültürü ve bu kültürün yönlendirmeye açık olup olmadığını veya hangi noktalardan otoritelerce yönlendirildiğini çeşitli açılardan konu edinir. Bu noktada, grubun amacına ulaşma sürecinde bireylerin gruba olan aidiyeti ve önlerine çıkan sorunların aşılması noktasındaki birikim, kültürel bellek üzerinde şekillenir.

Sosyal, toplumsal, kolektif, tarihsel vb. nitelendirmelerle çoğu zaman girift bir şekilde birbiri yerine kullanılan kültürel bellek kavramı, bireysel belleğin ötesinde üst bir alanı ifade eder. Kültürel bellek tarihsel çizgide belli noktalara odaklanarak anın bağlandığı figürlere yani ritüelik davranış ve tutumlara yoğunlaşır. Dolayısıyla ritüelik davranışlar; ayin, tören, festival gibi toplumsal olaylarda durumu açıklayıcı niteliği olan hatırlama figürleri olarak çalışır. Bu sebeple cemler sırasında gerçekleştirilen ritüelik nitelikteki söz, davranış ve tutumlar, kültürel belleğin oluşumunda ve canlı kalmasında önemli bir rol oynar. Grubun süreç içerisinde varlığını koruyabilmesi ve sosyal örgütlenme dinamiklerinin sağlıklı bir şekilde çalışabilmesi kültürel belleğin kuşaklar arasında aktarımı ile gerçekleşir.

Bu çalışma, Alevi-Bektaşi inanç dairesinde yer alan musahiplik kurumu oluşturulurken sosyal örgütlenme bağlamında örgütü oluşturan bireylerin sergiledikleri ritüellerin kültürel bellek aktarımındaki işlevlerine ve kontrol mekanizmalarına odaklanmaktadır. Kültürel bellekte yer alan kontrol hâli, yüzyıllar boyunca sözlü gelenekte yer alan anlatıların ifade biçimi olarak ritüellerde sembolleşmiştir. Dolayısıyla her yörede, her ocakta farklı uygulamalar bulunmaktadır. Bu ritüelik davranış ve tutumların kültürel belleğin oluşumu ve aktarımına etkisinin tespiti ve değerlendirilmesi ayrıca kontrol halinin enformel ve formel düzeyde grup üyeleri arasında ne derece ve nasıl canlı tutulduğu Alevi-Bektaşi çalışmalarının önemli bir yönünü oluşturmaktadır.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF DAN KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA MATERI SISTEM EKSKRESI DI SMA NEGERI 1 KARANG BARU
Authors: Amini Fitri , Nasution Mhd Yusuf , Mulkan Mulkan , Sugito Hartati
Published: December 2018

This study aims to determine students' learning difficulties in the excretory system material in terms of cognitive aspects and learning indicators as well as the factors causing student learning difficulties in class XI IPA 1 Karang Baru at the year learning 2017/2018. The research design used is quantitative descriptive. Samples were taken by purposive sampling with a total of 95 students. The technique of data collection used  diagnostic and questionnaire tests. The results showed that the percentage of students' learning difficulties from the highest to the lowest on the cognitive aspects they are C6, C4, C5, C3, C1 and C2 of 47.37%,for amount 46.5%, 46.00%, 39.61%, 34.74 % and 26.53%. The percentage of student learning difficulties based on indicators on the excretion system material are  indicator 1 amount 28.95% medium category, indicator 2 amount 46.02% of very high category, indicator 3 amount 39.89% of high category and indicator 4 amount 42.32% of category high. Internal and external factors that cause the learning difficulties of learning difficulties from the highest to the lowest percentage are family (63,15%), interest (63,02%), school (63,00%), psychology (46,57%), teaching methods (45,21%), material (44,42%), motivation (44,21%), media (44,21%), teachers (44,12%) and health (44,03%).Keywords: Cognitive Aspects, Learning Indicators, Learning Difficulties, Excretion Systems
PENGARUH INKUIRI TERBIMBING (GUIDED INQUIRY) TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS DASAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI SISTEM EKSKRESI MANUSIA
Authors: Nuryadin Egi , Delinda Delinda
Published: December 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing (guided inquiry) terhadap keterampilan proses sains dasar peserta didik pada materi sistem ekskresi manusia di SMP Negeri 6 Kota Tasikmalaya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2017 sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2018 di SMP Negeri 6 Kota Tasikmalaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode true-experimental. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah kelas VIII SMP Negeri 6 Tasikmalaya sebanyak 12 kelas dengan jumlah 391 peserta didik. Sampel diambil dengan mengunakan teknik cluster random sampling sebanyak 2 kelas yaitu kelas VIII B sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas VIII E sebagai kelas eskperimen. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes keterampilan proses sains dasar pada materi sistem ekskresi pada manusia berupa soal uraian sebanyak 20 butir soal. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji t dengan taraf signifikan (αTeknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji t dengan taraf signifikan (α) = 5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pengolahan dan pengujian hipotesis diperoleh simpulan bahwa ada pengaruh model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing (guided inquiry) terhadap keterampilan proses sains dasar peserta didik pada materi sistem ekskresi manusia di SMP Negeri 6 Kota Tasikmalaya.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SAINS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA POKOK BAHASAN LINGKUNGAN DENGAN MENERAPKAN PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING DI KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 2 BINJAI
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: December 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini meningkatkan keterampilan literasi sains dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi pencemaran lingkungan dengan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning di kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Binjai. Desain Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas menggunakan model penelitian kemmis dan taggart, yaitu berbentuk spiral dari siklusyang satu ke siklus yang berikutnya. Setiap siklus meliputi planing (rencana), action (tindakan), observation (Pengamatan), dan reflektion (refleksi). Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah: 1) Pada Siklus I penerapan model pembelajaran Discovery learning memperoleh hasil belajar siswa dari 26 orang siswa diperoleh 18 orang yang tuntas dengan 69,2% dan 8 orang yang tidak tuntas dengan 30,8%. Observasi keterampilan literasi sains penerapan model pembelajaran Discovery learning, diperoleh dari 26 siswa yang ada di kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Binjai Kab. Langkat, sebanyak 11 orang siswa keterampilan literasi sainsnya  dikategorikan Baik, dan 11 orang siswa keterampilan literasi sainsnya  dikategorikan Cukup, dan 4 orang siswa keterampilan literasi sainsnya  dikategorikan Kurang; 2) Pada Siklus II diperoleh hasil belajar dari ari 26 orang siswa diperoleh 23 orang yang tuntas dengan 88,5% dan 3 orang yang tidak tuntas dengan 11,5%. hasil observasi keterampilan literasi sains penerapan model pembelajaran Discovery learning, diperoleh dari 26 siswa yang ada di kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Binjai Kab. Langkat, sebanyak 21 orang siswa keterampilan literasi sainsnya  dikategorikan Baik, dan 5 orang siswa keterampilan literasi sainsnya  dikategorikan Cukup. Dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Discovery learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dan keterampilan literasi sains siswa Kelas VII-1 SMP Negeri 2 Binjai Kab. Langkat TP. 2017/2018.Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajaran, Discovery Learning,  IPA
Knowledge within Anxiety
Authors: Amato Andrea
Published: December 2018

Modern epistemology is in the peculiar position of retaining its trust in man’s ability to acquire knowledge without being capable of specifying the reasons for our gnosis success. Popper was the first to state that any conclusion concerning the possibility or impossibility of knowing is a transcendental statement and he states, also, that man reaches knowledge while trying to guess. In my opinion, we know things because we assume to have always been aware of them, in the sense that some form of immediate awareness has promptly enabled us to perceive them, identify them, use them. But one needs to ascertain whether the reason is the most suitable faculty to ensure the positive development of knowledge. At last, Kuhn claims the impossibility of comparing different theories. But if we establish a comparison between theories in terms of their complexity, then we must admit that there occurs some progress.
Writing, Acting and Engaging in Socioscientific Controversies as a Way to Learn about the Nature of Sciences
Authors: Oliveira Bernardo J. , Fonseca Marina A. , Segantini Verona Campos
Published: December 2018

This article presents a methodology to teach about the nature of sciences and their histories through the construction of controversial dialogs in order to promote reflective and engaging practices among undergraduate and graduate students.  This proposal seeks to establish the study’s guidelines and organize the distribution of tasks in groups to draft scripts of dialogs that bring relevant information and that produce antagonistic positions on controversial socioscientific issues. This information will later be recorded in short home videos of 5 to 10 minutes each, which will then be shown and discussed in the classroom. Finally, this article highlights some limitations of this methodology, primarily in the way it has been used in this study. By contrast, the advantages of its use are pinpointed as a didactic strategy that serves to stimulate historical research and critical thinking regarding the nature of science and its sociotechnical relations.
ANALISIS PENURUNAN MUKA TANAH DKI JAKARTA DENGAN METODE DIFFERENTIAL INTERFEROMETRY SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (DINSAR)
Authors: I PUTU PUDJA CYNTIA,
Published: December 2018

Penurunan muka tanah di DKI Jakarta dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktorutama, antara lain jumlah bangunan yang meningkatkan beban permukaan tanah, masih banyak masyarakatnya yang memanfaatkan sumber air tanah sebagai sumber pokok air bersih, serta struktur geologi yang didominasi dengan aluvial. Sehingga penurunan muka tanah di DKI Jakarta relatif terus-menerus terjadi. Untuk mengetahui penurunan muka tanah ini digunakan metode penginderaan jarak jauh, yakni metode DifferentialInterferometry Synthetic Apertur Radar (DInSAR) yang memanfaatkan citra satelitdata radar (SAR Sentinel-1A) pada tahun 2016 dan 2017. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa nilai penurunan rata-rata di kota administrasi DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2016 cukup signifikan jika dibandingkan pada tahun 2017.
PENENTUAN VARIABILITAS AWAN MENGGUNAKAN SATELIT HIMAWARI-8 DI BANDARA TUNGGULWULUNG SEBAGAI DAMPAK FENOMENA SIKLON TROPIS CEMPAKA
Authors: UMAR FIRDIANT DESNAENI HASTUTI, PRASETYO
Published: December 2018

Pada tanggal 27 November 2017 jam 19.00 WIB terjadi fenomena Siklon Tropis Cempaka di Perairan Selatan Jawa. Fenomena tersebut disebabkan oleh anomali dan kenaikan suhu permukaan laut yang cukup signifikan di wilayah tersebut sehingga memicu transfer energi yang besar dalam interaksi laut dan atmosfer. Akibatnya terjadi perubahan cuaca terutama kondisi awan yang dapat mengganggu kegiatan penerbangan di Bandara Tunggulwulung, Cilacap Jawa Tengah. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh fenomena tersebut terhadap wilayah Pulau Jawa. Data yang digunakan adalah reanalisis suhu permukaan laut dari AVHRR-NOAA, Satelit Himawari-8 Kanal IR, data Radiosonde dan Sinoptik dari Stasiun Meteorologi Cilacap, data Streamline dari BoM, dan data curah hujan Satelit GSMAP selama periode Siklon Tropis Cempaka. Metode yang digunakan adalah teknik Dvorak, teknik HCAI, dan komposit pemetaan secara spasial dan temporal. Dapat diketahui bahwa suhu permukaan laut pada saat itu lebih 28,4 oC dengan anomalinya sebesar lebih dari 0,2 oC. Intensitas Siklon Tropis yang terjadi mencapai T-Number 2,5, kecepatan maksimum di sekitar Siklon ± 35 knot,  dan pusat tekanan rendah mencapai 997 mb. Terdapat daerah konvektif kuat disekitar wilayah Siklon dan sangat mempengaruhi sistem cuaca yang terjadi. Sirkulasi udara tertarik ke arah pusat Siklon dan kondisi atmosfer cukup labil. Selain itu, kecepatan angin permukaan mengalami peningkatan hingga mencapai 14 knot sehingga mengakibatkan terjadinya fenomena banjir. Curah hujan yang terjadi di Selatan Pulau Jawa mencapai lebih dari 200 mm/hari.