bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cesium Tungsten Bronze and its Heat Insulation Properties
Authors: Liu Jing Xiao , Wang Xiao Jie , Shi Fei , Peng Zhan Jun , Luo Jia Yu , Xu Qiang , Du Peng Cheng
Published: June 2012

Using sodium tungstate and cesium carbonate as raw materials, cesium tungsten bronze (CsxWO3) powders were synthesized by low temperature hydrothermal reaction with citric acid as the reducing agent. The CsxWO3 films were prepared on glass using polyvinyl alcohol solution as dispersing agent. The microstructure and morphology of CsxWO3 powders were characterized by XRD and SEM, and the optical spectra and heat insulation properties of CsxWO3 powder and films were investigated. The results indicate that the synthesized cesium tungsten bronze powders have hexagonal Cs0.32WO3 crystal structure. The as-prepared CsxWO3 powder and films show strong near-infrared absorption and near-infrared shielding properties. Furthermore, the near-infrared shielding performance of glass coated with CsxWO3 film has been further improved after UV irradiation. Especially, the glasses coated with CsxWO3 films which was synthesized from the non-ethanol precursor solution exhibit most outstanding near-infrared shielding performance and best heat insulation effect. In comparison with the blank glass without CsxWO3 film, the heat insulation temperature difference can achieve 24.8°C.
Research on the Fluid Analysis of the Plastic Profile Cooling Method
Authors: Huang Xiang Shan , Chen Li Dan
Published: June 2012

By fluid analysis for the finite element models of "S"-shaped and straight waterways with ANSYS, through thermal analysis for the finite element models of the function blocks with and without holes cooling after flow analysis, by comparison of the temperature field, function blocks with hole deformation is narrowed, the product quality can thus be improved.
The Properties of Compound Modified Asphalt Emulsion Mortar
Authors: Ou Zhong Wen , Zhang Yi , Zhao Zi Long , Ren Jian Min , Zhou Shang Yong , Chen Qiao , Zhao Xu Xin , Mo Jin Chuan
Published: June 2012

A new type modified asphalt emulsion mortar is studied in order to find out the most favorable materials for the recycling of decorative stone. Through some experiments, by comparing the cement and water-epoxy resin emulsion mixed separately or together on the performances of emulsified asphalt mortar, the result shows that cement content 30% and water-epoxy resin emulsion content 30% mixing together is better than mixing separately. Besides, the paper has made a systematic study on the comprehensive performance, the result shows that with excellent performances, the modified asphalt emulsion mortar which can replace cement mortar meets the demands of the relative criterions. When the temperature reaches 140°C, both the tensile bond strength and the shear bond strength decrease to 0.1 MPa. So it is feasible to recycle the decorative stone.
A Review on Preparation of Non-Oxides Materials from Fly Ash
Authors: Ma Bei Yue , Li Bo , Ding Yu Shi , Yan Chen , Li Ying , Shu Yao
Published: June 2012

The latest development on preparation of SiC-AlN, SiC-mullite and β-Sialon materials using fly ash via in-situ carbothermal reduction process was reviewed. The synthesis mechanisms of SiC based materials and β-Sialon were also discussed.
Effect of K2HPO4, KH2PO4, NaHCO3, and Sodium Ascorbate on Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus during Freeze-Drying
Authors: Ma Zhen Xing , Chen He , Shu Guo Wei , Qin Tao
Published: June 2012

In the present study, the experiments were investigated with the effecting of NaHCO3, KH2PO4, K2HPO4 and Sodium ascorbate on survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus during freeze-drying. Designing different concentrations of protective agents, respectively. The survival ratio of Lactobacillus acidophilus and the number of viable cells will be measured after completing drying. In the process, there were major differences between the different concentrations of protective agents in survival during freeze-drying. As the result, the protective agent was playing a key factor affecting the survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus. At present in the study of the experiments, the highest survival rate was NaHCO3 as the protective agent, and when the protective agent as K2HPO4 the number of viable cells was largest.
Hydroxyapatite-Coated Titanium-Based Preparation of Biomaterials by RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Wang Guo Qing , Gao Ting Ting , Yang Sheng , Zhang Dan
Published: June 2012

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) coatings are widely used to improve the biocompatibility of the substrate. In this paper, Ti-based HAP coatings were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering method, and the coatings’ structure and composition were analyzed by SEM，EDX and IR spectroscopy. When the sputtering conditions were 290 W and 120-180 min, the nano-HAP surface coatings had formed on the surface of Ti-based. The average size of grain was 48nm, and the elemental composition of the coatings was consistent with the HAP coatings. The coating thickness was 513±15~985±25 nm, Ca/P=1.51±0.03~1.84±0.04. After 90 days following the day when Ti-based HAP materials were implanted, bone tissues had covered the surface of the coatings, osteoclasts could be seen, and the bond strength of the coatings had not changed significantly. HAP coatings prepared by the method of RF magnetron sputtering have excellent bioactivity and stability.
Supercritical Water Oxidation of Organics Wastewater a with a Novel Transpiring-Wall Reactor
Authors: Zhang Feng Ming , Ma Chun Yuan
Published: June 2012

Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is a new technology for treating organic waste and recovering energy. This paper focuses on supercritical water oxidation of organics wastewater with a novel transpiring-wall reactor, and methanol solution was used as artificial wastewater. A coaxial burner allow the transition of the preheating of the feed from external to internal which prevent the plugging in the preheating section. The results show that methanol can be destructed completely with the outlet concentration of total organics carbon (TOC) was lower than 10 ppm. Higher temperatures are present inside the reactor at higher flux ratios of Ffeed/Fhot.
Physicochemical Properties of SiO2/PVDF Ion-Exchange Membranes
Authors: Zuo Xing Tao , Tian Zhao Dong , Yu Shui Li
Published: June 2012

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)-SiO2anion-exchange membranes was prepared by blending method with the avoidance of chloromethylation. Various membranes were prepared with different content of SiO2nanoparticles. These membranes were extensively characterized for their surface morphology, thermal stability, tensile properties, water content and permselectivity property using SEM, TGA, water uptake and ion exchange capacity measurements. It was found that physicochemical properties of the PVDF/SiO2membranes were found to be highly dependent on the SiO2nanoparticles content in the membrane matrix.
Utilization of Waterworks Sludge as a New Cultivation Substrate
Authors: Xie Min , Li Fang , Liu Xiao Bo , Gao Dan , Huang Cong , Ou Shuang Hui
Published: June 2012

The effects of the waterworks sludge as cultivation substrate on the properties of substrate and the growth of potted flowers—Globe amaranth were studied. The results showed that the waterworks sludge as cultivation substrate could promote the growth of Globe amaranth in height, leaf length, fresh weight, and the TN, TP, TK content in the stems and leaves. Compared to the control groups without waterworks sludge, waterworks sludge could improve the physicochemical properties of the substrate; promote the nitrogen absorption for the Globe amaranth, and improve its ornamental value. So, waterworks sludge had certain advantage as a new cultivation substrate.
Basic Properties of Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffold
Authors: Liu Hua , Liu Xi Qing , Liang Jin Shuang
Published: June 2012

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) sets in situ to form hydroxyapatite and is highly promising for a wide range of clinical applications. However, its low strength limits its use to only non-stress applications, and its lack of macroporosity hinders cell infiltration, bone ingrowth and implant fixation. The aim of this study was to develop strong and macroporous CPC scaffolds by incorporating chitosan and water-soluble mannitol. The incorporation of chitosan could improve the handling properties of CPC. Mannitol provided the needed early strength of CPC and then dissolved to create macropores for tissue ingrowth. This study investigated the effects of mannitol volume fraction (0-70%) on CPC composite mechanical properties and macroporosity of the scaffold after mannitol dissolution.
Basic Physicochemical Characteristics of Fly Ash from One Shanghai Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Plant
Authors: Zhang Hai Ying , Yuan Guo Liang , Ma Guo Xian
Published: June 2012

Fly ash collected from municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator have been characterized in terms of chemical constituents, mineralogical components, acid neutralizing capacity and total salt content. It was found that the fly ash is rich in SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3 and MgO, which may act as glass-formers (SiO2 and Al2O3), melting (Fe2O3) and stabilizing agents (Fe2O3) during thermal treatment process. Major mineralogical components of fly ash involve SiO2, CaCl2, Ca3Si2O7, Ca2SiO40.35H2O, Ca9Si6O21H2O, K2Al2Si2O83.8H2O and AlCl34Al(OH)34H2O. Aqueous solution of fly ash is alkaline with pH over 11. pH and liquid to solid ratio followed the following equation: y=14.905x-0.0338, in which y represents pH value and x liquid to solid ratio. Total salt content is 61%.
Ecological Rehabilitation Measures and their Carbon Fixation Effect on Degraded Red Soil Ecosystem in South China
Authors: Huang Rong Zhen
Published: June 2012

Carbon balance and its storage and distribution of the terrestrial ecosystem have became one of hotspots in global change research, but what we knew are limited about carbon sequestration in the eroded-degraded land after ecological rehabilitation, which will help us to further understand carbon balance and its evolution mechanism of sequestration amount in this region. Taking bare land as control, different types of ecological rehabilitation forests are studied. The results showed that there was an obvious increase in vegetation carbon pool and soil carbon pool after ecological rehabilitation, vegetation carbon pools in bamboo-burl-groove Pinus elliotti, glassed-bamboo-burl-groove Pinus massoniana, bamboo-burl-groove Pinus massoniana and serious interfered Pinus massoniana were 34.80, 10.47, 8.69, 7.18 t•hm-2 respectively, soil carbon pools of them were 83.17, 49.06, 42.12，35.51 t•hm-2 separately, which were 2.71, 1.60, 1.37, 1.16 times as that on bare land.
Reactivity and Processability of the Hydrolyzing Silane Systems
Authors: Qi Hai Xia , Zhang Yu Bao
Published: June 2012

Metal surface treatment by silane provides an alternative replacer to the existing toxic hexavalent chromium passivation technique. This article deals with the two fundamental aspects, viz reactivity and processability, of different hydrolyzing silane systems. By conductivity determination, the conversion of Si-OC2H5 into Si-OH and Si-OH condensation were studied for different hydrolyzing systems. The optimum hydrolyzed system was proposed based the desired balance of reactivity and processability.
Performance of Water Absorption and Retention Material and Chemical Synthesis of Calcium Lignin Sulphonate with Acrylamide and Acrylic Acid
Authors: Peng Long Gui , Zhang Guang Cheng
Published: June 2012

By graft copolymerization of calcium lignin sulphonate with acrylic acid and acrylamide,high water absorption and retention material was prepared. Effect of process parameters on graft copolymerization and sample properties was investigated by means of the single-factor method, and the microstructure of fracture surface of the water absorbent resin was analyzed by SEM. The result shows that: when mass percents of acrylic, acrylamide, calcium lignin sulphonate and crosslinking agent are 65.5%, 19.5%, 15%and 0.05%, respectively, and neutralization degree is 60% with 2h of initiation reaction time and 1.5h of crosslinking reaction time. The water absorption mean speed of material is up to 6g•g-1•h-1 and the highest water retention rate is up to 96.32%.The water absorption rate of material is up to 820g/g, and 0.9wt% NaCl solution absorption rate is up to 83g/g. The fracture surface of the water absorbent resin shows convexo-concave morphology which has lots of micropores.
A Study on a Submerged Membrane Bioreactor for Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Liu Xu Dong , Xiu Ying Meng , Chen Yan Hong
Published: June 2012

Through a long-term experiment, the performance of membrane bioreactor(MBR) for contaminants removal and membrane fouling was investigated. The results demonstrated that the removal effect of COD and NH3-N by the MBR was better. The effluent COD and NH3-N were lower than 50mg/L and 4mg/L, respectively. The observation by using the scanning electronic microscope(SEM) presented at the beginning of membrane filtration, there was no fouling in the membrane pores. With the continuous operation of the MBR, foulants shaped like mud cakes appeared in the membrane poles. The increasing of MLSS(mixed liquor suspended solids) concentration in the bioreactor didn’t increase membrane fouling. During the 75 days of operation, MBR cleaning was carried out twice.
An Efficient Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydorpymidine(1H)-(thio)-Ones Catalyzed by Novel SO3H-Functionalized Ionic Liquids under Ultrasound Irradiation and Solvent Free Conditions
Authors: Li Bai Lin , Ge Chang Hua , Ying An Guo
Published: June 2012

Novel SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids were successfully applied as catalysts for the one-pot three component Biginelli condensation under ultrasound irradiation without solvent. Various types of 3,4-dihydorpymidine(1H)-(thio)-ones were provided in 84-98% yields and conveniently separated from the reaction mixture by filtration, the dissolved catalyst could be reused with simple treatment. This novel synthetic method is especially favoured because it provides a synergy between ionic liquids and ultrasound irradiation which offers the advantages of high yields, short reaction times, simplicity, and easy workup compared to the conventional methods reported in the literature
Synthesis of MoS2/C Submicrosphere by PVP-Assisted Hydrothermal Method for Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Luo Hao , Zhang Ling Zhi , Yue Lu
Published: June 2012

Molybdenum disulfide/carbon (MoS2/C) submicrosphere was synthesized through a PVP-assisted hydrothermal reaction of sodium molybdate and thiourea (CS(NH2)2), The structure and morphology of MoS2 composites were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The lithium intercalation/de-intercalation behavior of as-prepared MoS2 submicrosphere electrode was also investigated. It was found that the MoS2 submicrosphere electrode exhibited the best electrochemical performance, retaining a specific capacity of 575mAh/g after 100 cycles, with higher first charge capacity (1037 mAh/g), which was better than those of the MoS2 prepared without PVP
Basicity, Water Solubility and Intrinsic Viscosity of Carboxymethyl Chitosan as a Biofunctional Material
Authors: Kong Xiang Ping , Wang Juan , Wang Chun Jie , Wu Xia
Published: June 2012

The basicity, water solubility, intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight of carboxymethyl chitosan (CM-chitosan) were investigated. The solution pH remained at about 9.2 at the concentration of higher than 2.0 g/L. The isoelectric point of CM-chitosan was about 4.5 of pH, and the solubility of CM-chitosan at the solution pH of 2.0 to 6.0 was lower than 5 g/L. The acetic acid could be replaced by hydrochloric acid as solvent for the viscosity-average molecular weight determination of chitosan. The intrinsic viscosity values of CM-chitosan have significant differences in acidic and alkaline conditions. The viscosity-average molecular weight of CM-chitosan was (3.8 ± 0.2) × 105, consistent with that of product chitosan of blank test.
Screening of Nitrogen Sources in the Medium for Streptococcus thermophilus Using Plackett–Burman Design
Authors: Chen He , Li Chuan Na , Shu Guo Wei , Wang Chang Feng
Published: June 2012

This study demonstrates that the type of nitrogen sources has an important influence on the growth of Streptococcus thermophilus.at the same time ,viable counts was studied by in the medium containing various nitrogen sources (peptone, yeast extract, meat extract, tryptone，soya peptone and casein hydrolysate). The results indicated that soya peptone was the most efficient nitrogen source and and the influence of different concentrations of soya peptone on growth was determined. The results indicated that viable bacteria were stimulated by the high soya peptone concentration (30g/L).
Effect of Door Opening’s Size and Position on Seismic Performance of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block Composite Walls
Authors: Cao Xiu Ling , Wu Hui Ge , Wang Xi Zhen , Zhao Yan
Published: June 2012

Finite element analysis has been performed with software ABAQUS in order to study the effect of door opening’s size and position on seismic performance of autoclaved aerated concrete block composite walls. On the basis of good agreement between finite element results and experimental results, the effect of door opening’s size and position on seismic performance of autoclaved aerated concrete block composite walls has been studied using finite element analysis. This study indicates that with the increase in the door width, the decrease in the wall’s bearing capacity is proportional to the decrease in the wall’s net area; and the change of door’s position has less effect on seismic performance of the composite wall.
FEA of Micro-Hole Drilling in Stainless Steel Based on DEFORM-3D
Authors: Sun Quan , Gao Bo , Yang Chong Chang , Chen Bing Bing
Published: June 2012

In order to better understand the micro-hole cutting processes in stainless steel, the cutting process of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel was modeled and simulated by FEA (Finite Element Analysis) based on DEFORM-3D software. The influence of rotation speed and feed speed on the thrust force and torque of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel were analyzed. Meanwhile, the comparisons of simulated results and theoretical calculation results were taken into consideration. It is found that the simulation data from DEFORM-3D agreed well with the theoretical calculation results. It confirms that the results of simulation based on DEFORM-3D have a high level of reliability. The findings of the present study provide a new way to systematically investigate the stainless steel micro-hole drilling process.
Optimizing High Harmonic Generation in Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fiber as New Optical Waveguide Materials
Authors: Ren Hai Zhen , Yang Lin Feng , Ge Xiang Hong , Zhang Yu Guang
Published: June 2012

We investigated the high harmonic generation (HHG) from the interaction of intense femtosecond laser pulse and rare gas in the hollow core photonic crystal fiber(HCPCF) as new optical waveguide materials. The grating-assisted phase matching (GAPM) of HHG in HCPCF is demonstrated to be experimentally feasible and is especially suitable for photon energies in the range of 100~1keV. The conversion efficiency is expected to be dramatically improved for the longer interaction length provided by the very low loss of HCPCF.
Studies on Photodegradation Kinetics of Rhodamine B by Titanium Dioxide - Carbon Composite Materials
Authors: Sun Sheng Min
Published: June 2012

The composite materials were prepared with high-viscosity clay as carrier, activated carbon as adsorbent, and titanium dioxide as photocatalyst.Kinetic process of photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B was investigated at different reaction conditions using the composite materials.The results shown that : rhodamine B was the maximum catalytic activity when the initial reaction solution concentration is 5mg/L,pH=6,and composite material dosing quantity is 5g/L.The kinetics of photocatalytic degradation reaction can be expressed by the first-order reaction kinetic model.
Reinforcing Analysis of Straight Webs of Truss Bridge Based on Thermosetting Resin Matrix Composite
Authors: Han Xue Dong , Luo Wei Cheng , Han Long , Huang Cong Kui
Published: June 2012

The force between every two Trusses of truss bridge is often very large, it can ruin the bridge easily. Thermosetting resin matrix composite can strengthen structural strength. In this text, the matrix composite is used to strengthen the strength of the Straight webs. Under tensile force and pressure, three kinds of analysis are made. By comparing the results of the analysis, it is obtained that reinforcing effect under tensile force is better than that under pressure
Experimental Investigation and Stress Analysis on Static Fatigue Property of Optical Fiber
Authors: Pan Zhi Yuan , Yan Ming
Published: June 2012

This paper mainly presents experimental investigation and stress analysis on static fatigue property of optical fiber. By analyzing the weibull distribution of experiment, the weibull modulus was obtained. From the weibull distribution, the modulus decreased continuously with the decrease of stress, and a conclusion that experiment distributes discretely can also be drawn. Simultaneously, based on the experiment, we also obtain the feature life of optical fiber in different stress and s-t curve of the static fatigue experiment, as well as the analytical expression of static fatigue .
Investigation of the Microstructure, Optical and Electrical Properties of In-Ga-Zn Oxide Thin Film Using the Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Li Qian , Li Xi Feng
Published: June 2012

The effects of after-annealed temperature on the microstructure, optical and electrical properties of solution processed amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin films were investigated in this article. The X-ray diffraction results confirmed that all the films were an amorphous structure. A transmittance of more than 90% in the visible wavelength region was obtained. the a-IGZO thin films reached the lowest electrical resistivity of 9.44×104Ω•cm with the after-annealed temperature of 300°C.
Preparation and Thermodynamic Study of Self-Dispersal Nano-AIOOH
Authors: Liao Hai Da , Zhang Wei Ping , Sun Xiao Ming , Meng Jia Qing , Wei Yan , Tang Jun
Published: June 2012

Abstracts: Self-dispersal nano-AlOOH crystal powder was prepared via sol-hydrothermal crystallization and charging method, using aluminum salt and ammonium as raw materials. TEM, XRD and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy were used to study effects of the hydrothermal temperature and hydrothermal time on precursor’s crystallization and charging, the product’s dispersion property and mean particle size. Thermodynamic and dynamic analysis on the preparation process was carried out. Results and analysis suggested that the influence of hydrothermal temperature on product’s dispersion property was larger than that of hydrothermal time. Modification and control of the hydrothermal conditions could make AlOOH crystal grow along the C-axis and form needle-like particle with lowered surface energy and improved dispersion property. Thermodynamic analysis suggested that the phase transition from Al2O3nH2O into crystalline AlOOH could spontaneously occur at a temperature within the range of 100oC - 150oC. In the preparation of AlOOH crystal powder via the hydrothermal crystallization and charging composite dispersion method, the reaction condition was mild with a strong thermodynamic driving force and small activation energy of 24.11kJ/mol.
Influence of Calcium Addition on the Chemical Durability of the Model Alumino-Silicate Glasses in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Galusková Dagmar , Hnatko Miroslav , Kraxner Jozef , Galusek Dušan , Šajgalík Pavol
Published: June 2012

The corrosion resistance of liquid phase sintered (LPS) alumina ceramics in aqueous environments strongly depends on composition and chemistry of grain boundary glass formed during sintering. The chemical durability of model alumino-silicate glasses with various contents of CaO in aqueous solutions was therefore evaluated. Prepared glasses were corroded under hydrothermal conditions in deionized water under static conditions. The examination of surface morphology of corroded specimens after the contact with deionized water, together with the analysis of corrosion solution provided information on mechanism of dissolution of grain boundary glasses in LPS aluminas and confirmed that dissolution process is hindered due to saturation of solution with respect to leached elements. The initial dissolution rates for studied glasses were determined. The results are applicable for optimization and enhancement of corrosion resistance of LPS alumina under hydrothermal conditions.
Modeling Dynamic Behaviors of Reticulated Ceramic/Metal Composites (RCMC)
Authors: Li Guo Ju , Fan Qun Bo , An J.Y. , Wang Fu Chi
Published: June 2012

Reticulated ceramic/metal composites (RCMC) are characterized by the ceramic skeleton and metallic matrix both continuous in three-dimensional space, and this special structure makes full use of the ceramic phase’s high strength and the metal phase’s toughness. Correspondingly, the deformation and damages mechanisms of RCMC under dynamic load conditions are very complicated and the related studies are quite important. In the current study, the dynamic properties of RCMC are investigated by using finite element methods based on the factitious microstructures of SiC/Al composites. The ceramic/metal interface is induced by employing a “constrained-tie-break” method, so as to study the effects of interface when suffering from a dynamic impact loads. Effects of the phase distribution, shape, ratio, as well as the size are systematically analyzed. The methods proposed in this paper would be helpful for predicting the dynamic behaviors of RCMC, and developing new ceramic/metal composites.
Influences of Calcination Ambiences on Morphologies, Phase Composition and Contents of the Elements of Ceramic Coatings on Ti Alloy by Micro-Arc Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Jin Xue
Published: June 2012

Compound ceramic coatings with the main crystal phase of Al2TiO5 (as-coated samples) were prepared in situ on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by means of pulsed bi-polar micro-arc oxidation (MAO) in an NaAlO2 solution. The coated samples were calcined in argon and air at 1000 oC, respectively. The phase composition, surface and section morphology, and element contents of the ceramic coatings were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The samples were treated in argon and the as-coated ones were calcined in air at 1000 oC to study the anti-oxidation properties of the samples. The results show that Al2TiO5 had been decomposed in an hour and transformed into α-Al2O3 and rutile TiO2 in air. However, Al2TiO5 had been decomposed in four hours in argon and the final coating surface was completely composed of α-Al2O3. The content of Al2O3 was decreased from outside to inside layers and Ti2O3 was formed in the coating. Furthermore, the morphology of the ceramic coatings after the calcination was different. The coatings calcined in argon were finer; the grains and pores were smaller than those in air.
Preparation and Characterization of Calcium Silicate Slag Based Lightweight Wall Materials
Authors: Hou Lei , Li Jin Hong , Tong Ling Xin
Published: June 2012

Potassium feldspar (KAlSi3O8) can be used to extract potassium to solve the shortage of water soluble potash resources in China, but it will produce large amount of calcium silicate slag. Resource recycling from calcium silicate slag can be realized by synthesising wall materials. In this research， calcium silicate slag based lightweight wall materials have been successfully prepared by calcium silicate hydrates (CSH), lime and fly ash through autoklave process. Furthermore, the wall materials are charactered by strength determination, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results show that the compressive strength is mainly influenced by the lime/fly ash mass ratio (L/F), CSH content and water/solid ratio (W/S). The compressive strength of 21.1-23.9 MPa and density of 0.87-0.91 g/cm3 are achieved respectively with the L/F value of 0.82-1.00, CSH content of 70 % and W/S of 0.9. The main hydrate product of wall materials is 11Å tobermorite [Ca5(OH)2Si6O16•4H2O], which is partly formed from the phase transformation of CSH, and partly produced by the reaction among raw materials during the process of autoclaving. The tobermorite is easy formed at low L/F value and it has a contribution to the low density for its flake-like structure that make the materials porous.
Effects of Technique Parameters on Gelating Process of Cordierite Ceramics Derived from Sol-Microemulsion-Gel Method
Authors: Wang Shao Hong , Lu Hao Ran , Hou Zhao Xia , Niu Chang Lei , Xue Zhao Lu , Wang Hao , Wang Cai
Published: June 2012

Nano-Cordierite powders used for high frequency chip inductors (MLCIs) were prepared by the sol-emulsion-gel method. The samples derived from these powders could be sintered at 900°C to be cordierite ceramics having a low dielectric constant and dielectric loss (ε=3.18, tgδ=0.00011; 1GHz). Effects of precursor concentration, treating temperature, and [H2O]/[Si] ratio of this material were studied. The pseudo-ternary phase diagram of sol/TritonX-100/n-hexanol/cy- clohexane was constructed and the influences of each variable on the phase diagram were discussed. Results showed that the optimal precursor concentration, treating temperature, and [H2O]/[Si] ratio for qualifying the gelation of the material were 1.5 mol/L, 45°C, and 4, respectively. Results also showed that for qualifying cordierite powders, the use of TritonX-100 as a surfactant together with n-hexanol as a co-surfactant could dissolve more magnesium nitrate and aluminium nitrate, and obtain a wider W/O micro-emulsion region than when other reagents were used. The samples derived from this method can be co-fired with a silver electrode, an ideal dielectric material for high frequency MLCIs.
The Preparation of Flexible Substrate Using BaTiO3/Polymer Composites for Application in High Frequency Devices
Authors: Cheng Chien Min , Chen Kai Huang , Hsieh Yuan Tai , Jong Fuh Cheng
Published: June 2012

BaTiO3/ which has good dielectric properties, they were widely used in ceramic capacitors, thermistors, etc. In this study, BaTiO3/ ceramics prepared by sol-gel powder, then mixed in the organic polymer polyether imide (PEI) and dispersant (surface active agents) and silane coupling agent (Silane Coupling Agent) of the composite material on flexible substrates, And analysis of its properties and electrical properties. Increase by a ceramic powder, to explore the impact of the substrate. In the physical analysis is used XRD, SEM to measure the intensity of crystalline phase and surface uniformity of the electrical measurement using HP4294 measuring dielectric constant and dielectric loss.
Synthesis of Bismuth Titanate Thin Films by Liquid-Phase Self-Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Lin Han , Tan Guo Qiang , Ren Hui Jun
Published: June 2012

Using (NH4)2TiF6, Bi(NO3)3•5H2O and H3BO3 as raw materials, Bi4Ti3O12 thin films were synthesized with liquid phase self-assembled monolayers on the glass substrate. The different precursor solution concentrations and acid contents had the effects on the physical phase and morphology of Bi4Ti3O12 thin films. The Bi4Ti3O12 thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results indicate that the precursor solution with 10.0 mmol/L concentration was prepared by 3:4:9 molar ratio of (NH4)2TiF6: Bi(NO3)3•5H2O: H3BO3 and 6.0 ml acid content, depositing at 50°C for 20h, and heat treating at 590°C for 2h. The as-prepared thin films are well-crystal. The surface is even and dense. The formation mechanism of the Bi4Ti3O12 thin films is as follows: [TiF6-n(OH)n]2- complex ions are formed in the (NH4)2TiF6 aqueous solution. Then H3BO3 continually consumed F- ions of the solution, which made the amounts of [TiF6-n(OH)n]2- ions increase gradually. Under the induction of the electrostatic force, Bi3+ ions and [TiF6-n(OH)n]2- ions would grow naturally on the substrate surface in the form of Bi2[TiF6-n(OH)n]3 or Bi2[TiF6-nOm/2(OH)n-m]3. The samples lost the bound water after the heat treatment and finally the Bi4Ti3O12 thin films with pure phase were obtained.
Reverse Microemulsion Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Adsorption Performance Study
Authors: Wang Shao Hong , Wang Cai , Hou Zhao Xia , Wang Hao , Hu Xiao Dan , Lu Hao Ran , Xue Zhao Lu , Niu Chang Lei
Published: June 2012

Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanopowder was synthesized by reverse microemulsion technique using calcium nitrate and phosphoric acid as starting materials in aqueous phase. Cyclohexane was used as organic solvents, TX-100 as surfactants and n-butyl alcohol to make the emulsion. Synthesized powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results showed that different pH values and temperatures had significant effect on the purity and crystallinity of HA by using the reverse microemulsion. When the pH value is 11 and at 700°C, high purity and well crystallinity HA was obtained. There is a dicalcium phosphate phase present at pH 9, which is easily disassembled to CPP at 700°C. This HA powders have a rapid Cu2+ and Cd2+ sorption rate and good removal efficiency. The removal rates for heavy metal ions were Cd2+＞Cu2+.
Preparation and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ca(Sm0.5Nb0.5)O3 Ceramics
Authors: Li Jia Mao , Qiu Tai
Published: June 2012

Microstructures and microwave dielectric properties of Ca(Sm0.5Nb0.5)O3 ceramics, prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method, were systematically investigated by varying calcining temperature, sintering temperature and cooling rate. The XRD result showed that a single Ca(Sm0.5Nb0.5)O3 phase could be synthesized at a calcining temperature of 1200 °C. Optimized combination of microwave dielectric properties of εr = 22.36, Q×f = 18030 GHz and τf = -31.2 ppm/°C was obtained for furnace-cooled Ca(Sm0.5Nb0.5)O3 ceramics sintered at 1550 °C for 4 h. However, some microcracks were found from the microstructures of the furnace-cooled specimens. Further, the Q×f value could be increased by controlling the cooling rate during the sintering process due to the disappearance of microcracks in the final material. With a cooling rate of 2 °C/min, Ca(Sm0.5Nb0.5)O3ceramics exhibited an enhanced Q×f value of 37130 GHz.
Effect of Pre-Calcined Method on Dielectric, Ferroelectric, and Piezoelectric Properties of Lead-Free Piezoelectric Lix(K0.5Na0.5)1-x(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3 Ceramics
Authors: Kuan Min Chang , Chen Kai Huang , Cheng Chien Min , Lin Chun Cheng , Chen Shih Fang
Published: June 2012

The structure and electrical characteristics of the lead-free Lix(K0.5Na0.5)1-x(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3 (x=0~0.05) piezoelectric ceramics for the conventional solid-state reaction method and the B-side pre-calcined method were achieved and compared. For the B-side pre-calcined method, the lead-free ceramic material exhibited the excellent electrical and piezoelectric properties. The relative dielectric constant (εr) and loss (tan δ) of the Lix(K0.5Na0.5)1-x(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3 for x=0.03 using the B-side pre-calcined method were 1223 and 0.021, respectively. In addition, the electromechanical coupling factors (kp) and Curie temperature (Tc) was 48.5 % and 315°C. Finally, the electrical properties of the lead-free Lix(K0.5Na0.5)1-x(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3(x=0~0.05) homogeneity ceramics improved by the B-side pre-calcined method were also investigated and discussed.
Preparation of Nd and Co Co-Doped BiFeO3 Thin Films Co-Doping Nd and Co by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Xue Xu , Tan Guo Qiang , Ren Hui Jun , Cheng Meng
Published: June 2012

BiFeO3 thin films co-doping Nd and Co were prepared on FTO/glass substrate by sol-gel method with Bi(NO3)3•5H2O, Fe•(NO3)3•9H2O, Nd(NO3)3•6H2O and Co(NO3)2•6H2O as raw materials, 2-methoxyethanol together with acetic anhydride as a solvent. XRD, FE-SEM, Agilent E4980A Precision LCR Meter and TF 2000 Ferroelectric Analyzer were used to characterize the structure, morphology, dielectric property and ferroelectric property of the BiFeO3 thin films. The results show that after Nd and Co co-doping, the BiFeO3 thin films still keep the perovskite structure. The crystal structure turns square or orthogonal from rhombus. The thickness of the BiFeO3 thin films is about 500nm and the grain size is 80nm to 30nm. BiFeO3 thin films co-doping Nd and Co have the larger dielectric constant and the lower dielectric loss compared with Nd doping. BiFeO3 thin films co-doping Nd10% and Co1% have the dielectric constant of over 170 and the dielectric loss of below 0.03. Both have the better frequency stability. Co-doping Nd and Co could decrease the coercive electric field of BiFeO3 thin films.
Synthesis and Electrical Properties of PZT/BaFe12O19 Multiferroic Ceramics
Authors: de Portugal Roney Junio , M´Peko Jean Claude , Hernandes Antonio Carlos , Guarany Cristiano Alves , Guerra José de Los Santos
Published: June 2012

Multiferroic ceramics, based on the ferroelectric and ferrimagnetic phases of the Pb(Zr0.65Ti0.35)O3 (PZT) and BaFe12O19 (BaM) systems, respectively, were obtained from the conventional ceramic method. The electrical properties have been investigated in a wide temperature and frequency range. The influence of the magnetic phase on the ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the ferroelectrics phases have been taken into account. The phase transition characteristics shown to be strongly affected by the amount of the BaM phase, while the dielectric properties revealed to be directly dominated by the presence of conductive effects related to the charge transport mechanisms associated to the magnetic phase.
Effect of Glass Additive on Electrical Properties of PLZST Antiferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Li Gang , Yang Tong Qing , Wang Jin Fei , Sun Zhao Jin , Guo Jian Qiang
Published: June 2012

Alkali-free barium boroaluminosilicate glass-modified PLZST antiferroelectric ceramics with glass contents between 0 and 8 wt.% have been fabricated respectively by a traditional solid phase reaction. The PLZST ceramics doped with alkali-free barium boroaluminosilicate glass showed typical antiferroelectric phase when the glass contents were below 6 wt.% and the refined grains were observed. The addition of glass decreased the dielectric constant of samples. With increasing of the glass additives, both the Curie temperature and the remanent polarization deceased. It may be that Ba2+entered in the perovskite structure, which acts as an important modified ion in the alkali-free barium boroaluminosilicate glass. Larger forward antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition field (EAFE-FE>50 kV/cm) and higher breakdown strength (EBDS≥105 kV/cm) were displayed in glass-modified PLZST ceramics. The improvement properties of samples were benefit for energy storage which is desired for the high power energy storage capacitors and pulsed power applications.
Electrical Characteristics and Microstructures of Pr6O11-Doped Bi4Ti3O12 Ceramics
Authors: Chen Min , Mei X.A. , Liu R.F. , Huang Chong Qing , Liu J.
Published: June 2012

The electrical properties of Pr6O11-doped bismuth titanates (BixPryTi3O12, BPT) ceramics prepared by a conventional ceramic technique have been investigated. At applied d.c. field below 200V/mm, the current-voltage curve of Pr-doped samples exhibit negative differential resistance behavior. The conducting filamentary model has been used to explain the negative differential resistance phenomenon in Pr-doped bismuth titanates. The impedance spectrum indicates that Pr-doped sample consists of semiconducting grain and moderately insulating grain boundary regions. XRD, SEM and EPMA analyses reveal crystalline phase characterized by a Bi-layered perovskite structure of Bi4Ti3O12 and the distribution of every element is uniform. Pr-doped samples exhibit randomly oriented and plate-like morphology.
Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Porous PZT Ceramics with Unidirectional Pore Channel Structure Fabricated by Freeze-Casting
Authors: Xu Ting Ting , Wang Chang An , Guo Rui
Published: June 2012

By a novel freeze-casting technique, PZT ceramics with unidirectional pore channel structure were fabricated using tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) as pore forming template, PVB as adhesive, and arabic gum as dispersing agent. The solid loading in the initial slurry varied from 15 vol.% to 40 vol.%. The porous structure can be controlled by the freezing temperature condition which was chosen by dry ice (-78°C). The sintered PZT ceramics with a high porosity showed high piezoelectric coefficient. The d33value of some samples with the porosity 26% was larger than the dense PZT ceramics which was 690 pC/N. Meanwhile, pore morphology of the porous PZT ceramics was observed with SEM and analyzed changing with the solid loading of PZT in slurry. In addition, the influences of solid loading in PZT slurry on piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the porous PZT ceramics were discussed from a theoretical perspective.
Processing and Electrical Properties of Ta and Li-Modified KNN-Based Lead-Free Thin Films Prepared by the RF Sputtering Technology
Authors: Yang Fann Wei , Cheng Chien Min , Chen Kai Huang
Published: June 2012

Lead-free potassium sodium niobate ceramic thin films were synthesized using rf magnetron sputtering technology for MFIS structures. The optimal sputtering parameters of the as-deposited KNN thin films for depositing times of 1h were obtained. Regarding the measured physical properties, the micro-structure and thickness of as-deposited KNN thin films for different oxygen concentration were obtained and compared by XRD patterns and SEM images. The surface roughness of KNN thin film was also observed by AFM morphology. The average grain size and root mean square roughness were 250 and 7.04 nm, respectively. For KNN thin films in the MFIS structure, the capacitance and leakage current density were 280 pF and 10-8A/cm2, respectively. We investigated that the leakage current density and the memory window increased, the capacitance critically increased as the oxygen concentration increased from 0 to 40%. However, the excess oxygen concentration process was decreased the electrical and physical of as-deposited KNN thin film. The effect of oxygen concentration on the physical and electrical characteristics of KNN thin films was investigated and determined.
Calcium Behaviors in MnZn Ferrite at Different Temperatures
Authors: Cai Ya Qiu , Lin Yang Yi , Li X. , Huang Jin Tao , Aoki Takuya
Published: June 2012

MnZn ferrites have been widely used as magnetic core materials. It is well known that Ca addition is effective to obtain homogeneous microstructure of fine grains and highly resistive grain boundaries. However, the behaviors of calcium as one of the main additives at different temperature ranges during sintering process are not completely understood yet. In this study, the influence of CaCO3 content and sintering temperature on the microstructure was investigated in 1473-1623 K. It was found that there existed a critical temperature around 1550 K. The grain size decreased with the increase of Ca content when the sintering temperature was lower than the critical temperature, but completely opposite result was observed at higher temperatures range. Possible mechanisms were discussed. When the sintering temperature was lower than the critical temperature, Ca content greatly affected the grain boundary mobility and dominated the grain growth. At higher temperatures, however, formation of liquid phases might be the main cause for the grain growth.
Effects of Magnetic Fluid on Magnetic Fluid Damper
Authors: Zhang Jun Hui , Zhang Zhi Li , Li De Cai , Yao Jie
Published: June 2012

A magnetic fluid damper which based on the principle of second-order buoyancy of magnetic liquid has been presented. During the process of damping, besides the elastic deformation of magnetic liquid adsorbed by permanent magnet, the main ways of energy dissipation are the friction functions, which include the friction between magnets and magnetic liquid, magnetic fluid and magnetic fluid and magnetic fluid and the shell of the damper. In order to investigate influence of magnetic fluid on damping effect, a series of experiments under different magnetic fluid with related parameters including magnetic fluid volume and saturation magnetization are carried out. It is found that both volume and saturation magnetization of magnetic fluid have optimal value on the damping effect of the damper.
Luminescent Properties of Ce Doped LuAG Thin Films Prepared by Pechini Sol–Gel Method
Authors: Ma Qing , Shen Si Qing , Xie Jian Jun , Ma Fei Zhong , Shi Ying , Xiong Wei , Wang Jian
Published: June 2012

Compared to phosphors, scintillating films are shown as a better feature for high–resolution display devices with low loss diffusion. Ce 3+ doped lutetium aluminum garnet (Lu3Al5O12, LuAG) scintillating films with different Ce 3+ concentration have been fabricated by Pechini sol–gel processing combined with the spin–coating technique and characterized by X–ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) under excitation of UV–VIS light. The results of XRD patterns indicated that the specimen under study is a well–crystallized single–phase of cubic structure. Under an excitation of 442nm , it was found that the PL spectra was the typical Ce 3+ emissions located in the 460–650 nm consisting of two emission bands due to the transitions from the lowest 5d excited state (2D) to the 4f ground state of Ce 3+ , which matches well with the sensitivity curve of the Si–photodiode . The luminescent intensity of LuAG: Ce 3+ films varies with the Ce 3+ contents and reaches the maximum at 1.0 mol% doped. With the increase of calcining temperature, the luminescence intensity in the PL spectra of LuAG:Ce 3+ films was found to increased accordingly due to the improved crystallization.
Relationship between Structure and Infrared Radiation of Fe–Mn–O Ceramics
Authors: Cheng Jun Hua , Guan Hao , Jiao Bao Xiang
Published: June 2012

Fe–Mn–O Ceramics Have Been Synthesized by Conventional Solid State Reaction. the Structure and Infrared Radiation Properties of (1+x)Fe2O3•MnO2 Compounds Were Studied by X-ray Diffraction(XRD) and IR Radiation Tester. X–ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS) Analysis Shows the Valence States. the Phases of All Samples Change from Complex Oxides to Spinel–like Structure with the Increasing of X.And Fe and Mn Element of All Samples Also Have Two Different Valence States Exsistence.According to the Measurement Results of Sheet Resistance and the Radiation Tester Analysis, the Sheet Resistance and Infrared Radiance Have Shown a Corresponding Variation, and the Infrared Radiation Properties in the 3˜5µm Waveband Are Influenced by the Carrier Transport and the Distortion of the Crystal Structure.the Sample with X=0.4 Exhibits the Average Emissitivity Is 0.94 in the 3˜5μm Waveband at Room Temperature,and the Result Shows that Fe–MnO Compounds Can Application in Energy–saving of High Temperature in Industrial Furnace.