bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for 30-Day Hospital Readmission in Patients Undergoing Treatment for Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Han Sukgu M. , Wu Bian , Eichler Charles M. , Reilly Linda M. , Vartanian Shant M. , Conte Michael S. , Hiramoto Jade
Published: July 2015

Early hospital readmission among vascular surgery patients is a focus of Medicare’s new reimbursement structure. We aim to identify factors associated with 30-day readmission after lower extremity interventions to treat peripheral artery disease (PAD). Retrospective analysis of 174 consecutive patients discharged from the vascular surgery service between January 1, 2011, and July 31, 2012, after procedures for lower extremity PAD was performed. Of 174 patients, 37 were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the readmitted and the nonreadmitted groups. In a multivariate logistic regression model, urgent operation and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) were associated with increased risk of 30-day readmission. The most common reasons for readmission were infection of the surgical site or index limb (18 of 37), followed by unresolved limb symptoms (13 of 37). The 30-day readmission is frequent after lower extremity interventions to treat PAD. Urgent operative intervention and advanced CKD appear to be risk factors for early hospital readmission.
The Impact of the Second Vatican Council on United States Catholic Historiography
Authors: Requena Federico M.
Published: July 2015

The Second Vatican Council’s impact on the historiography of U.S. Catholicism can be viewed through an evolution of topics and paradigms before and after the council. A new historical consciousness within the Catholic Church, the ecclesiology of the People of God, and the new post-conciliar ecumenical climate had a significant influence. Initially, the council and its interpretations contributed to an opening of the discipline of Church history to new currents of social and cultural history, placing Catholicism under the domain of “religious history.” Simultaneously, the Church history approach that favored institutional histories continued to be cultivated, while renewing avenues for research and analysis through the perspectives of the council’s proposals. Finally, the article suggests that in recent decades the impact of the council can be seen in historiographical developments including: 1) the quest for “continuity” in the historical narrative; 2) from a paradigm of “uniqueness” to one of “difference”; 3) a less “American” focused and more “global” Catholic outlook; 4) the exploration of a more religious “religious history”; and 5) Catholic history that contributes to a new reading of U.S. history.
The Council as Shibboleth: The Rhetoric of Authenticity and Liturgical Space after Vatican II
Authors: Skaggs Michael A.
Published: July 2015

For anyone passingly familiar with the Second Vatican Council, impressions of the council and its implementation in the United States can conjure up distinct notions of a changed Catholicism beginning in the 1960s: priests celebrating Mass facing the congregation, the vernacular liturgy, increased roles for the laity through parish councils and committees, and the building and renovation of liturgical space. Invoking the post-conciliar Catholic Church calls to mind these and other elements that serve as markers of what changed after the council. Despite the council’s relative silence on liturgical space, church renovations served as a highly visible marker of either acceptance or rejection of the council. Using Sacred Heart Church (now a basilica) on the campus of the University of Notre Dame as a case study, this article argues that, after the council ended in 1965, the legacy and memory of Vatican II became a shibboleth in a hotly contested wave of church construction and renovation. In Vatican II’s role as this narrowly-defined rhetorical device, the council’s legacy was invoked by partisans embracing a view of conciliar and postconciliar directives emanating from the highest levels of ecclesiastical authority as either prescriptive or permissive . Both of these perspectives carry deep implications for the authority of the council itself and the factors motivating significant modifications to the space of Catholic liturgical worship.
Portuguese Labor Migration towards Curaçao
Authors: do Rego Charles P.
Published: July 2015

Cet article analyse les facteurs socio-économiques et politiques qui ont provoqué l’émigration de paysans et de travailleurs peu doués de Madeira à Curaçao, pour lesquelles ils ont pris cette décision. La première vague d’immigration massive de travailleurs embauchés par l’industrie pétrolière s’est déroulée durant les années 1920 jusque dans les années 1950. Durant cette période, l’île portugaise de Madeira a subi de sérieux problèmes économiques et sociaux. Le gouvernement portugais a pris une série de mesure afin de contrôler l’immigration de ses ressortissants. L’immigration de travailleurs embauchés par l’industrie pétrolière a pris fin durant les années 1950. Cependant, cette immigration a continué et est devenue un facteur important, à cause de certains emplois dans des secteurs spécifiques, tels que l’agriculture à Curaçao, où les travailleurs locaux ne voulaient pas travailler. Cette immigration est aussi due aux problèmes sociaux - politiques qui ont persisté dans le pays, les recrutements réalisés par l’armé durant la guerre et le manque de perspective d’avenir. De plus, même après la période pétrolière, Curaçao a continué à être considérée comme un territoire attractif.
The Genius of Sociology: Norbert Elias’s Mozart and the Sociology of a Genius
Authors: Heinich Nathalie
Published: July 2015

This article attempts to outline a sociology of genius by examining the work of Norbert Elias. It pays homage to his sociology of art in the form of a detailed discussion of his late essay on Mozart, which avoids both a sociologizing reductiveness and an aestheticizing hermeneutic through the focus on Mozart’s identity as a creative artist, caught between his lowly social status as a court bourgeois and his own sense of musical greatness. The discussion also introduces a psychoanalytic dimension to the question and seeks to develop Elias’s work by constructing a “socio-psycho-analysis” of the artist of genius.
Ingenious Genius: Invention, Creation, Reproduction in the High Middle Ages
Authors: Morton Jonathan
Published: July 2015

This article considers the meaning of figures called genii or even given the proper name Genius in twelfth- and thirteenth-century allegorical poetry, specifically in Bernard Sylvester’s Cosmographia , Alain de Lille’s De planctu Naturae and Jean de Meun’s Roman de la rose . For medieval thinkers, the term genius is received from Roman religion as a polyvalent and overdetermined fiction, a god of natural reproduction, birth, place or the whole universe. In medieval poetry, genius-figures are, through metaphors of writing, used to reflect on the relationship between poetic production and sexual reproduction by embodying the paradoxical imbrication of art and nature.
La photogénie, marque élective du génie?: Regards croisés sur l’iconographie d’André Breton et Salvador Dalí
Authors: Suisse Noémie
Published: July 2015

Aux XIX e et XX e siècles, tandis qu’il s’est inscrit de façon durable dans les représentations culturelles, le génie entre peu à peu en régime médiatique, où les valeurs d’excellence et d’originalité qui lui sont associées se mêlent à la notion de “photogénie” et en infléchissent le sens. Dès lors, le génie artistique s’évalue aussi en fonction de l’apparence écranique des artistes. Pour mettre en lumière cet usage médiatique du génie, cet article procédera à une analyse croisée de l’iconographie photographique de Salvator Dalí et d’André Breton au cours de l’entre-deux-guerres.
Manner/Path Typology of Bulgarian Motion Verbs
Authors: Speed Traci
Published: July 2015

This study examines the Bulgarian motion verb system in terms of what information is typically conveyed by motion verbs in addition to motion itself. The theoretical framework is Talmy’s (1985) typological theory, which divides languages into low-manner verb-framed languages and high-manner satellite-framed languages according to what additional information is typically conflated with motion in a motion event. Bulgarian motion verbs emphasize path of motion to a greater extent than do most other (non-Balkan) Slavic languages. Non-Balkan Slavic languages more often use verbs of motion expressing manner in combination with (satellite) prefixes indicating path, while Bulgarian focuses on verbs which express the path of motion, some of which are Bulgarian innovations. These verbs are often prefixed, but the prefixes may be fused to the root to the extent that an unprefixed form of the verb does not occur, and prefixation here is no longer productive. Typical examples include the frequent use of the path verb izljaza ‘to exit, go out’ when speakers could also use izletja ‘to fly out’ or izmâkna ‘to sneak out’. This variation in the Bulgarian motion verb system brings Bulgarian closer to the other Balkan languages (especially Greek, with its parallel motion event conflation), and is viewed here as a possible instance of Balkan Sprachbund influence.
Polish Gender, Subgender, and Quasi-Gender
Authors: Swan Oscar
Published: July 2015

The question as to how many genders there are in Polish has absorbed linguists for well over half a century. Almost everyone approaching this question has applied a different criterion to the exclusion of other criteria in order to obtain an answer, and answers have ranged from every number from three though nine, or even more. One matter that has never been given due importance is the evidence of third-person pronouns which, in both nominative and accusative cases, would seem to have come into existence partly in order to be able to refer to nouns by their gender. All told, evidence points to the existence of four main Polish grammatical genders, consisting of the traditional three (masculine, feminine, neuter) and the Polish innovative one of “masculine personal.” These comprise a tightly knit coherent system. Other gender candidates can be considered to be either “subgenders” (masculine animate and masculine depreciative) or “quasi-genders,” of which there are around half a dozen. The existence and behaviors of the quasi-genders, i.e., nouns that would appear to belong to one gender but can act like another (an example being “facultative animate” nouns, i.e., referentially inanimate nouns that behave as if animate) shows that users of the language remain sensitive to mismatches between declension-type, gender, and sexual or animate reference, and will allow referential reality to assert itself against grammatical gender in accordance with Corbett’s observation as to the increasing instability of agreement targets the farther they are from the agreement controller.
“Thanks from the Mountain!”: Humorous Calques in Ponglish as an Output of Language Contact and Language Creativity
Authors: Meyer Anna-Maria
Published: July 2015

Since the enlargement of the European Union beginning in 2004, there has been a huge wave of migration to the United Kingdom from Poland. The UK, unlike other EU countries, allowed full access to its labor market to nationals of eight accession countries, including Poland. The diaspora formed new communities and a new contact variety emerged among them, commonly referred to as “Ponglish.” Although Ponglish has enjoyed some attention within linguistics, the humorous, “technically incorrect” literal translations of Polish words and phrases into English, usually by Poles with a rather high proficiency in English, have remained unexamined to date. This article analyzes the phenomenon of literal translations in Ponglish in detail, based on a number of websites dedicated to the subject, and attempts a classification.
Filling in the Gaps: Priming and the Ethics of Pharmaceutical Advertising
Authors: Biegler Paul
Published: July 2015

A prime is a cue that makes associated concepts, behaviors, and goals more psychologically accessible to people, influencing their responses in subsequent related environments. I build a case that Direct to Consumer Advertising of Prescription Pharmaceuticals (DTCA) operates as a prime that causes some viewers to prefer and pursue the advertised drug. Drawing on literature from social psychology I show that people subject to priming are mostly unaware of its influence and liable to misattribute the reasons for their primed actions. Misattribution typically includes heightened appraisals of the value of a primed goal. Consistent with this account, I argue that viewers primed by DTCA hold favorable, yet false beliefs about the safety and efficacy of the advertised drug. I further argue that, because those drug properties are material to viewers with the relevant illness, priming in DTCA can undermine the autonomy of their medicine choices. The threat to autonomy posed by priming in DTCA suggests it warrants attention from both regulators and the wider research community. It also adds further reason to be sceptical about the permissibility of this form of advertising.
Eight Scenes of Suzhou: Landscape Embroidery, Urban Courtesans, and Nineteenth-Century Chinese Women’s Fashions
Authors: Silberstein Rachel
Published: July 2015

This article examines a late Qing woman’s jacket embroidered with eight well-known Suzhou garden and temple sites. Such an object makes little sense within the conventional historiography of Chinese dress, long dominated by regulated garments like dragon robes and rank badges, and consequently, concerned with themes of imperial status and official rank. I argue that the jacket is best understood, instead, at the juncture of three wider historical processes: the popularisation of tourism, the commercialisation of embroidery, and the role of urban courtesans in nineteenth-century Suzhou. Combining close analysis of material culture with a wide range of textual sources, in particular folkloric records and urban “bamboo ballads”, the article demonstrates the impact of handicraft commercialization and widening material consumption upon late Qing women’s fashions, and explores the degree to which these developments enabled women to connect with and contribute to popular urban culture. The jacket thus highlights not only the economic salience of commercialized handicrafts, but also the growing visibility of women in the early modern Chinese cityscape.
Land, Lineage and the Laity: Transactions of a Qing Monastery
Authors: Luo Weiwei
Published: July 2015

Relying on recently discovered contracts from a Qing monastery, this case study focuses on two intimately linked developments essential to understanding the world of these monasteries. First, through asset consolidation and individual transactions between monks and members of the lay community, the monastery embedded itself inside the local society. Second, within monasteries, lineage served as an important organizing and conceptual principle, one that bore remarkable similarity to the structure and logic of lay lineages. This lineage principle played a crucial role in the transformation of a monastery from a coterie of discrete Dharma houses to an institution with a shared, overarching strategic vision. The shared property of a Dharma lineage was, in part, constitutive of its collective identity, one that was also conceptually fundamental for the monastery’s efforts to consolidate its assets as a unitary entity. The internal acquisitions and external investments of that shared property further strengthened the financial foundation of a monastic community. In sum, the everyday strategies of a Qing monastery revealed by transactional documents demonstrate that land transactions between the monastery, its internal lineages, and the laity were fundamental to the continuing evolution of Qing monasteries as vital and innovative institutions.
Southern Crops in 1924
Authors: Hart John Fraser
Published: July 2015

Este trabajo explora la manera en que la geografía de cinco cultivos sureños (algodón, cacahuetes, tabaco, caña de azúcar y arroz) ha cambiado durante la vida de este geógrafo. Las áreas principales de producción a escala comercial no han cambiado mucho, pero se han intensificado. En 1924, el campo era una forma de vida y los campesinos intentaban producir tanto como les fuera posible de todo lo que necesitaban. Para el año 2007 los agricultores habían aprendido a concentrarse en lo que sus computadoras determinaban que harían mejor, y la granja moderna se ha convertido en un negocio o, para agricultores con poco terreno, en meramente un pasatiempo.
“Lest We Forget”: The Confederate Monument and the Southern Townscape
Authors: Winberry John J.
Published: July 2015

Este trabajo es una re-publicación del influyente artículo de John Winberry publicado en 1983 sobre el monumento confederado en el sur de los Estados Unidos. Winberry describió la geografía histórica del monumento confederado según tipo, lugar y época de establecimiento, concentrándose específicamente en el lugar de los monumentos de los juzgados en el paisaje sureño. También proporcionó un debate sobre las fuerzas sociales e históricas que dieron lugar al monumento confederado de los juzgados y de las múltiples maneras de comprender su significado y poder como un símbolo.
When an Exotic Becomes Native: Taming, Naming, and Kudzu as Regional Symbolic Capital
Authors: Alderman Derek H.
Published: July 2015

Con la muerte reciente de John Winberry, el campo de la geografía ha perdido una voz importante en el estudio del sureste de los Estados Unidos. Sus investigaciones sobre la enredadera invasora kudzu fueron una temprana contribución importante a la historia del medio ambiente sureño. Hace más de cuarenta años John y David Jones, coautor, trazaron la evolución de la reputación y el papel del kudzu en el paisaje sureño—desde su promoción generalizada como enredadera milagrosa en la conservación de suelos New Deal a su declive a status de plaga con el resultante empuje para erradicarla. Aquí repaso y actualizo la identidad cambiante del kudzu en la vida social americana y sureña, particularmente desde Winberry y Jones (1973). Los terratenientes (propietarios de terrenos), los oficiales gubernamentales y los científicos continúan batallando el kudzu como un Otro medioambiental. Sin embargo, kudzu se ha convertido en un símbolo ampliamente reconocido del Sur y la gente representa y se asocia con la enredadera como si fuera nativa a la región en vez de una invasora exótica. Al apropiarse del kudzu culturalmente y al tratarlo como intrínsecamente sureño, la gente está realmente domesticando su identidad y reinterpretando significativamente su otredad. En este trabajo presento ejemplos de gente que usa la palabra kudzu para identificarse a sí mismos y al Sur, con un enfoque particular en la práctica de llamar a negocios y calles como la planta. Una encuesta exploratoria de empresarios revela que usan kudzu, discursivamente, para aseverar lo sureño de su nombre e identidad de mercado. Al hacer eso, crean una forma de capital regional simbólico usando el nombre kudzu para conferir un sentido de distinción regional que atraerá y conectará con los clientes en vez de alejarlos. Sin embargo, esta práctica invariablemente separa a los clientes sureños y los no-sureños. Al tratar el kudzu como si perteneciera y fuera del sur representa un interesante contrapunto, y quizás una complicación, para llamadas más amplias para su erradicación—permitiéndonos añadir otro capítulo a la siempre cambiante geografía cultural del kudzu y la importante obra de John Winberry.
Place Identity, Regional Imagery, and Regional Policy: Connections from Nineteenth Century Southern Appalachia
Authors: Moore Tyrel G.
Published: July 2015

Esta investigación revela que la imaginería de la literatura des siglo XIX y de principios del XX no era solo notablemente persistente en la producción de narrativas sobre el desarrollo social y económico de Appalachia; la identidad de lugar también era evidente en el lenguaje de la política de planificación regional para Appalachia a mediados de los 60. El enfoque de las investigaciones previas se concentró mayormente en comprender hasta qué punto la imaginería servía para: 1) reforzar las percepciones que los escritores tenían de la región (Algeo 2003), y 2) producir una extrapolación espacial del conocimiento geográfico basada en observaciones sobre el este de Kentucky que se extendió para representar toda la Appalachia (Moore 1991). Con estas áreas de enfoque, estos estudios no llegaron a investigar el impacto que los escritos sobre la identidad y la imaginería regional de Appalachia más adelante podrían haber ejercido en la política federal. Aunque sus impactos fueron variados, la identidad de lugar y la imaginería regional terminaron impactando el lenguaje de la política regional y el desarrollo de Appalachia.
Validation of a Prehistoric Woodland Period Site-Settlement Model for the Coastal Plain of South Carolina
Authors: Scurry James D.
Published: July 2015

Los modelos tradicionales de lugares de asentamientos prehistóricos del Período Woodland (1000 A.C. a 1000 D.C.) en las bajas planicies costeras del interior del sureste de los Estados Unidos plantean un área desprovista de uso sustancial por poblaciones prehistóricas. Brooks y Scurry (1978) propusieron un modelo alternativo que supone una utilización intensiva de ciervos y otros recursos durante el otoño y principios del invierno en los hábitats interfluviales de roble y nogal americano delas bajas planicies costeras. Este modelo, aumentado por el análisis SIG, identificó parámetros medioambientales clave como el drenaje de suelos, distancia a los ecotonos, elevación relativa, pendiente y orientación para la predicción de lugares de asentamientos prehistóricos del periodo Woodland. El modelo fue puesto a prueba usando técnicas de muestras estratificadas en varias áreas de estudio y se ha citado en una variedad de planes de evaluación de la gestión de recursos culturales. Sin embargo, hasta recientemente el modelo no había sido validado. Este estudio presenta el resultado del análisis de la validación del modelo. Se usó el SIG para combinar datos de suelos, ecotono, pendiente y orientación para hacer un mapa de zonas de alta probabilidad de asentamiento en la planicie costera de Carolina del Sur. Los datos de yacimientos arqueológicos de Statewide Archaeological Site Inventory se estratificaron por afiliación cultural, provincia fisiográfica y cuenca hidrológica para poner a prueba el modelo y determinar si hay una diferencia en la previsibilidad de la ubicación de los asentamientos de acuerdo al periodo de tiempo o la zona fisiográfica. Los resultados de este análisis indicaron que todos los asentamientos prehistóricos eran estadísticamente más probables de encontrarse en las zonas de alta probabilidad y que no había una diferencia significativa entre la ubicación de los asentamientos del Periodo Arcaico (inicial, medio y final) y los asentamientos del Periodo Woodland.
An engaged public: Considerations for the use of social media in managing crises
Authors: Watson Hayley , Hagen Kim
Published: July 2015

This article draws upon desk-based research carried out during the Contribution of Social Media in Crisis management (COSMIC) project and examines the opportunities and challenges associated with citizens’ engagement with social media to contribute to crisis management activities. Opportunities include the involvement of citizens in providing assistance during crisis, as well as alternative ways to request assistance. Alternatively, challenges include those associated with the increased involvement of citizens in crisis communication activities: the recording and safety of information, the threat of online vigilantism and the danger to the security of citizens. This article shows that it is necessary to consider the role and behaviour of citizens within crisis management. However, further research is required to continue to understand social dynamics of citizen behaviour operating in the virtual and offline realm and its impact on crisis management and preparedness.
Crowdsourcing and the folksonomy of emergency response: The construction of a mediated subject
Authors: Asmolov Gregory
Published: July 2015

This article explores the role of digital platforms in the involvement of citizens in disaster response, relying on an analysis of metadata and of the structure of classification. It adopts the analytical apparatus of Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (Vygotsky, Leontiev, Engeström) and the notion of governmentality (Foucault) in order to conduct a critical comparative analysis of how crowdsourcing platforms construct the relationship between citizens and disasters. The article identifies three regimes of classification (informing, alerting and engagement) and explores the structures of classification for mobilization of citizens’ resources. The notion of governmentality allows us to identify the struggle around the structure of classification as a struggle between the institutional actors interested in controlling citizens’ resources and those actors who are interested in citizen engagement and the synergy between independent and institutional actors as a part of the disaster response. The article suggests the notion of the folksonomy of activity, identifying situations where citizens are able to participate in the definition of their relationships with disaster through participating in classification. It also discusses the visibility of classification and the generativity of classification as a part of citizen–disaster (subject–object) relationships.
Citizens’ involvement in emergency preparedness and response: A comparative analysis of media strategies and online presence in Turkey, Italy and Germany
Authors: Scifo Salvatore , Salman Yusuf
Published: July 2015

This article reviews the role that citizens may play as first responders by comparing how various communication media are utilized by response organizations and government agencies to train and network with citizens. In addition, it aims to investigate the nature of the communication strategies and approaches that are utilized by organizations reaching out to volunteers. In order to accomplish this goal, we engaged in an analysis of citizen awareness programmes and volunteer training processes in three different countries: Turkey, Italy and Germany. Across the analysed countries, we observed inconsistencies in the extent and types of utilization of social media, including the fact that the dominant approach is still communicating to citizens rather than communicating with citizens. Finally, the comparative analysis points out the inconsistent accessibility or availability of training materials online, and particularly in social media platforms. This may reduce the likelihood that a large portion of the population, mostly of younger age, will have the opportunity to stay informed on important emergency preparedness topics.
Riding the (seismic) wave: The building of a media discourse following a disaster
Authors: Akgüngör Çaglar
Published: July 2015

This article reviews the Turkish media’s treatment of citizen mobilization following a major earthquake in the Turkey’s Marmara region on 17 August 1999. For the first time in the history of Turkey, large numbers of citizens spontaneously took action to assist the victims, in marked contrast to the quasi-failure of the State to mount an appropriate response to the disaster, thus causing widespread frustration. Using this opportunity, Turkish journalists attributed a symbolic role to the catastrophe (milestone) and to the mass-mobilization (social movement), and constructed a critical discourse on the major issues of the country, calling for substantial change in the social and political order of Turkey. Within this rhetoric, the citizens who were involved in relief work and their ‘obvious’ symbol, the Arama Kurtarma Dernegi/Search and Rescue Association (AKUT), were hailed as the precursors of the expected change. Nevertheless, within a short period of time the media revised their stance and ended their contentions as soon as the State reoccupied the space that it had temporarily left and took control in the disaster zone. In sum, the 17 August earthquake remained another case showing that a single event – whatever its extent – is not an agent of social change by itself.
Citizen involvement in emergency reporting: A study on witnessing and citizen journalism
Authors: Bal Haluk Mert , Baruh Lemi
Published: July 2015

This article reports findings from two studies regarding the role citizen reporting plays in emergencies. Findings from first study, a content analysis of citizen reporting about the Haiti Earthquake, Gezi Park Protests (Istanbul), Xynthia Storm (Europe) and Boston Bombings, indicates that citizen reporters were predominantly engaging in reporting of straight news. Citizen reporters were more likely to report their own observations than reporting or summarizing information they gathered from mainstream news sources. Relatedly, we found that citizen reporters were more likely to give voice to alternative sources of information, like bystanders or witnesses of incidents, than sources, such as government representatives. However, we also found that use of alternative sources does not necessarily translate to providing viewpoints that may contextualize the events. Namely, we found that episodic frames, rather than thematic frames, were likely to be utilized by citizen reporters. The second study, online interviews with citizen reporters whose coverage was content-analysed in the first study, found that a sense of editorial independence and disenchantment with the mainstream media’s coverage of the incidents were the main sources of motivation for citizen reporters. Results also indicate that citizen reporters tend to adopt a ‘publish, then filter’ approach to reporting and fact-checking. Implications for information verification issues are discussed.
Hurricanes and hashtags: How the media and NGOs treat citizens’ voices online in humanitarian emergencies
Authors: Cooper Glenda
Published: July 2015

Twitter, Instagram and SMS messages have entered into the defining images and texts of humanitarian disasters, theoretically allowing survivors to play a role in the framing of such crises. Yet research suggests that both mainstream media and NGOs – whose symbiotic relationships traditionally framed such stories – have cloned and absorbed such content, potentially restricting whose voices are heard. Issues around privacy and copyright are yet to be resolved in the mainstream media, while NGOs have turned to western bloggers rather than beneficiaries to mediate their message. This article draws on around 50 semi-structured interviews with those whose content was used by UK mainstream media; journalists from the main broadcast and print outlets in the UK; and members of each of the thirteen UK Disaster Emergency Committee aid agencies who responded to recent crises including the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake. It aims to answer how voices of citizens in crises are being mediated and mediatized, and what issues the use of this content raise around contextual integrity of privacy. It concludes by examining whether NGOs’ engagement online allows the voices of the marginalized to emerge.
Transformation of collective action space: A study on the relationship between organizational attributes and ICT use
Authors: Günel Zeynep , KaraoGlu Gökçe
Published: July 2015

The aim of this article is to investigate the potential influence of the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on the organizational structures of entities in contemporary collective action space. In order to do so, the article adopts the collective action space model offered by Bimber, Flanagin and Stohl to analyse the relationship between communicational activities and the organizational characteristics of four different organizations that were actively involved in the Gezi Movement (2013) in Turkey. Specifically, using data collected through in-depth interviews and participant observations, the article focuses on the engagement structures and interaction forms of these four organizations. The findings from this study suggest not only that ICTs allow organizations to become more structurally complex and dynamic but also that the manner in which ICTs are used for interactions and governance plays a critical role in the transformation of the structure of organizations in collective action space.
Social media and whirling dervishes: Countering UNESCO’s intangible cultural heritage
Authors: Pietrobruno Sheenagh
Published: July 2015

Since 2003, UNESCO has officially safeguarded intangible heritage through the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Since 2005, individual, communities and institutions including UNESCO have been uploading videos of intangible heritage on YouTube, transforming this video-hosting service into a colossal user-generated archive of heritage. YouTube is not only an archive but also a living archive of intangible heritage: collections of intangible heritage are being continuously created by users, enabling this video-hosting service to capture and store diverse practices in their lived context. Through the case study of the Mevlevi Sema ceremony of Turkey, this study argues that the participatory nature of YouTube that captures intangible heritage in its lived context has the potential to disseminate heritage narratives that counter the gendered narratives put forward by nations states through UNESCO. The methodology of this research is interdisciplinary, combining performance studies, critical heritage studies, gender studies and social media with historical and contemporary research on the Mevlevi Sema ceremony. Theoretical and historical approaches are interconnected with an ethnography of a Sufi community in Istanbul and analyses of YouTube videos.
‘Postcolonial Islam’ thought and rapped: Abd al Malik’s Révolution Pacifique from within the French nation
Authors: Spieser-Landes David
Published: July 2015

Abd al Malik is a French rapper-writer born in 1975 of Congolese parents and raised throughout his childhood in a difficult neighbourhood of Strasbourg, France. While his family started out as Christian, his own spiritual journey took him through several stages of Islam: having, first of all, experienced first-hand the harsh reality of postcolonial France, i.e. living in the banlieue, he initially turned to religious extremism explicitly as a reaction to the postcolonial condition. Abd al Malik’s thinking through of postcoloniality, however, is, in the end, far from simple, as he eventually integrated into his art and discourse the extremely opposed-to-extremism principles of Sufism and, as in fact, even some very traditional principles of the French Republic, making the association between ‘Islam’ and ‘postcolonial’ interestingly complicated indeed. This article scrutinizes in particular two of his books, Qu’Allah bénisse la France (2004) and Le Dernier Français (2012), and examines them under the lens of Jacques Rancière’s ‘politics of aesthetics’ as a theoretical tool to better comprehend how Abd al Malik understands the link between Islam and the postcolonial as lying at the intersection of linguistics and politics.
‘I love you more’: An account of performing ziyarat in Iraq
Authors: Shannahan Dervla Zaynab
Published: July 2015

This article reflects on fieldwork experience of performing ziyarat in Iraq in May 2014. It offers an embodied account of ziyarat rituals and practices, and discusses re/construction. It emphasizes that existing literature on ziyarat practices in Iraq is minimal, as is recent research on the country. This article approaches ziyarat as a sociopolitical performance that may simultaneously function as an individual response to the Karbala experience. It draws on El-Aswad’s exploration of ‘invisible realities’ and the ‘different logic’ of spiritual love in structuring Shia’ah ritual, and rapper Sulaiman’s use of ‘extreme love’ in understanding Islamic history. The approach follows on from Al-Adeeb’s work, and Al-Mohammad and Peluso’s call for attention to how creative and spiritual practices, and everyday experiences, can enhance our understanding of the continuation of life in Iraq. Five months since this research was conducted, the conditions of life in Iraq and potential ziyarat experiences described have been changed by the security situation and ISIS. This article must therefore be read as recent research that may have already become history.
The Role of Polyperspective Representations in Joint Attention Processes
Authors: Zotov M.V. , Andrianova N.E. , Voyt A.P.
Published: July 2015

The aim of our work was to test the hypothesis that one's identification of objects of attention in an observed individual depends on his/her understanding of the context of a communicative situation based on the comparison of the participants' points of view. In the first experimental study the subjects (N=74) carried out visual search for objects of attention of participants of non-verbal communication scenes with/without information on the communication context provided, and with short/prolonged display of information for assessing gaze direction of the participants. Understanding the context resulted in a higher efficiency of iden¬tification and saccadic detection of the participants' objects of attention in the subjects, regardless of their access to the information on gaze direction. In the second experiment the subjects (N=32), after watching videos of communication episodes, were asked to search for changes of different objects in the scenes. Those subjects who had a clear understanding of the context of communication first of all noticed the changes in the future objects of attention of the participants, in spite of the absence of any 'hints' like head or eye orientation. The outcomes of the research are discussed within the framework of concepts focusing on the significance of polyperspective representations for the understanding of communicative signals.
The Role of Body Sensations in Understanding One's Own Emotions
Authors: Balueva O.V. , Kravchenko Y.E. , Kartashov S.I.
Published: July 2015

There are at least three different viewpoints among all theories of emotions that attempt to explain the role of body sensations in understanding one's own emotions. In order to compare the explanatory resources of these viewpoints we conducted a research in which the subjects (n=59) were shown a series of neutral and emo¬tionally significant slides (taken from the IAPS database). During the slideshow we registered the subjects' pulse and galvanic skin response. The subjects were asked to assess the intensity of their emotional reactions and body sensations in response to the emotionally significant slides, and also filled in a questionnaire on emo¬tional intelligence that enabled us to measure their ability to understand their own emotions as well as those of other people. The outcomes of our research show that sensations accompanying emotional experiences are not the result of interoception as they do not correspond with objective indicators of the changes in physio¬logical arousal, whereas they do correspond in many ways with the subjects' emotional appraisal of the stimuli and self-assessment of sensations. These outcomes also revealed that subjective evaluations of body sensations correlate with emotional valence, while heart rate (the objective indicator of arousal) correlates with modali¬ty of the emotion.
Dynamics of Learning Motivation in Early School Age Children
Authors: Arkhireeva T.V.
Published: July 2015

The paper presents outcomes of a longitudinal study on learning motivation in children of early school age. The aim was to reveal the leading motives in first, second, third and fourth grades and to explore the dynamics of some learning motives in children over the whole period of elementary school. As it was found, the learning activity in the children was mostly motivated by social motives, among which the leading ones were the motives of self-determination and well-being. As for learning motives, over the course of all four years the children were for the most part motivated by the content of the learning activity, and not by its process. The dynamics of certain social motives of the learning activity varied across the sample, with some going through the periods of increase and decrease and others having a one-way dynamics. The study also revealed a decrease in the motivation rooted in the learning activity itself between the second and third year; at the same time, in the second, third and fourth years the children were more motivated by the content of the learning activity than by its process.
Symbolization in the Structure of Abilities in Children of Preschool and School Age
Authors: Veraksa A.N. , Yakupova V.A. , Martynenko M.N.
Published: July 2015

This research explores the role of symbolization in educational activity in children of late preschool and early school age. The aim of the research was to compare the efficiency of using sign and symbolic means (i.e. schemes and models) in the learning of some new content in preschool and early school age. The study involved 46 children of late preschool age from one of the Moscow kindergartens, 20 girls and 26 boys (M = 78 months); and 25 first grade students of one of the Moscow schools, 16 girls and 9 boys (M = 101 months). The study consisted of the following stages: carrying out tests of mental abilities and dividing the subjects into two sub¬groups within each age group (that is, two subgroups of preschool children and two subgroups of school chil¬dren) with equal levels of development of the explored abilities; conducting developmental lessons aimed at making the children familiar with phenomena characterizing phase transitions in states of aggregation of mat¬ter — with the help of symbolic means (in the experimental group) or sign means (in the control group); carrying out a posttest, that is, measuring the level of development of the concepts of aggregate states in all sub¬groups. The outcomes of the research indicated that symbolization may actually be an effective means of con¬structing learning content both in preschool and in early school age.
Identifying Emotions through Language Means in Early Childhood
Authors: Malanov S.V.
Published: July 2015

The paper focuses on the development of higher mental functions responsible for emotional regulation and describes a study revealing the stages in which young children acquire certain language means that help them to identify emotional states and understand emotional relationships. The sample of the study consisted of 94 children aged from 1.8 to 7.5 years. The outcomes suggest that at the age of 1.8 the children begin to acquire skills necessary for recognizing emotions basing on what the adults tell them. The revealed general tendency in the development of object reference of words is as follows: at first the children are able to identify emotional states and relationships according to the context of intersubjective interactions; later, basing on facial expressions; and finally, basing on pictograms of facial expressions. At the age of 2.4 years the children begin to employ language tools for identifying and naming emotions in others by themselves. Basing on their experience of analyzing emotions in others, the children then gradually develop the skills for identifying and partly rec¬ognizing their own emotions. Such skills may actually be found in some children at the age of 3.5 years, but usually it is not until the age of 7.5 that they can be observed in most preschoolers.
Impact of Parents' Motivation for Ethnocultural Continuity and Acculturation Strategies on Acculturation of Children in Russian Families in Latvia
Authors: Ryabichenko T.A. , Lebedeva N.M. , Plotka I.D.
Published: July 2015

The paper presents outcomes of an empirical research on the relationship between motivation for ethno¬cultural continuity and acculturation strategies in ethnocultural minorities (with Russians in Latvia as an example). Since acculturation is a process that affects several generations, we adopted a research plan that involved representatives of two generations of a family (parents and children). 112 Russian families partici¬pated in the research (parents: N=112, age 35—59, Me=42; children: N=112, age 16—24, Me=17). A question-naire we used included J. Berry's acculturation strategies, scales of satisfaction with life and oneself, and the Motivation for Ethnocultural Continuity scale by C. Ward. The employed structural modeling revealed that acculturation strategies of the children correlate significantly with those of their parents as well as with their own motivation for ethnicultural continuity. The adolescents' choice of integration strategy is positively relat¬ed to their satisfaction with themselves; however, in the cases of marginalization and assimilation this relation is negative.
Characters of Modern Animated Series in Games and Toys of Preschool Children
Authors: Sokolova M.V. , Mazurova M.V.
Published: July 2015

The paper presents a comparative research on how preschool children play with various modern cartoon character toys. Three popular animated series were used in the research: "Winx", "Spider-Man" and "Pettson and Findus". One series of each was previously analysed in terms of micro-plots, descriptions of the main char¬acters and their actions etc. The children watched the series, one at a time, and were then invited to play with its character toys. The outcomes of the research indicate that the series with plots and characters appropriate for preschool age (such as "Pettson and Findus") promote longer and richer periods of play activity as compared to the series addressed to children of older age. Children tend to take the role of the main character more frequently if s/he is of about the same age (irrespective of sex); they reproduce familiar and clear plots and engage themselves in longer periods of meaningful play. The outcomes also show that the effect of the animat¬ed series on the children's play depends on the quality and content of the animations, on their correspondence with the specifics of preschool age as well as on the quality of the character toys.
The Problem of the Meaning of Life: Philosophical and Psychological Content and Research Perspectives
Authors: Kubarev V.S.
Published: July 2015

The paper analyzes the problem of the meaning of life in a single conceptual framework grounded in philosophical/religious and psychological knowledge. It reveals the philosophical/religious and psychological con¬tent of the problem: the former is defined in terms of the meaning of life as a sign/symbolic unit of initial experience, while the latter — in terms of the ideal form of an event in personality development, which is considered an existential structure of personality represented in the form of affective and meaning constructs and initial symbols. The paper criticizes existing psychological studies on meanings of life for their basic error of conceptual substitution of the ideal object of research: the meaning of life as the ideal form is replaced with eudemonic attitude and regarded as the real form. The paper concludes that perspectives of psychological research into the meaning of life which would take into account its philosophical/religious content lie at the junction of explorations of the meaning of life and explorations of reflective activity of the subject of consciousness solving the task of finding the meaning.