bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the concept of the public interest in accounting: A stakeholder analysis
Authors: Dellaportas Steven , Ji Sophia , Siriwardhane Pavithra , Luo Dudu
Published: February 2024

This study contributes to the discussion on the meaning and operation of the public interest. The all‐inclusive perspective in defining the public interest adopted by IFAC, was criticised by stakeholders, predominantly professional bodies, for being broad and impractical. IFAC responded by proposing a process‐oriented approach to simplify the definition and assessment of public interest policies and actions. The limitations in understanding the public interest from both conceptual and practical perspectives have not been addressed in a significant way, suggesting there is room for further guidance on the meaning of the public interest and how to implement it.
Toxoplasmosis epidemic in a population of urbanised allied rock‐wallabies (Petrogale assimilis) on Magnetic Island (Yunbenun), North Queensland
Authors: Bowater RO , Gummow B , Mackie T , Thompson AR , Hayes DA , Goudkamp K , Taylor JD
Published: February 2024

A mortality event involving 23 allied rock‐wallabies (Petrogale assimilis) displaying neurological signs and sudden death occurred in late April to May 2021 in a suburban residential area directly adjacent to Magnetic Island National Park, on Magnetic Island (Yunbenun), North Queensland, Australia. Three allied rock‐wallabies were submitted for necropsy, and in all three cases, the cause of death was disseminated toxoplasmosis. This mortality event was unusual because only a small, localised population of native wallabies inhabiting a periurban area on a tropical island in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area were affected. A disease investigation determined the outbreak was likely linked to the presence of free‐ranging feral and domesticated cats inhabiting the area. There were no significant deaths of other wallabies or wildlife in the same or other parts of Magnetic Island (Yunbenun) at the time of the outbreak. This is the first reported case of toxoplasmosis in allied rock‐wallabies (Petrogale assimilis), and this investigation highlights the importance of protecting native wildlife species from an infectious and potentially fatal parasitic disease.
Tumor des follikulären Infundibulums – Neubewertung in einer Serie von 28 Patienten mit kritischer Analyse der Literatur
Authors: Wilk Michael , Zelger Bettina G. , Zelger Bernhard
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund und Ziele

Der Tumor des follikulären Infundibulums (TFI) wurde als Neoplasie – isoliert und multipel – und in Assoziation mit anderen epithelialen Läsionen beschrieben. Seine endgültige histopathologische Definition wird kontrovers diskutiert.

Patienten und Methodik

Wir präsentieren eine retrospektive Serie von 28 Patienten mit TFI beziehungsweise TFI‐ähnlichen Veränderungen. Ergänzend wurde die in MEDLINE aufgeführte Literatur zum Thema TFI recherchiert und die darin publizierten Abbildungen interaktiv diskutiert und analysiert.

Ergebnisse

Unsere Patienten waren 16 Frauen und 12 Männer. TFI‐ähnliche Veränderungen fanden sich bei fünf Patienten mit Nävus sebaceus, zwei Trichofollikulomen, einer erweiterten Pore Winer, acht Virusakanthomen, einem Dermatofibrom, sechs seborrhoischen Keratosen, drei aktinischen Keratosen, einem invasiven Plattenepithelkarzinom und einem Basalzellkarzinom in Kombination mit Plattenepithelkarzinom/aktinischer Keratose. Nach Sichtung der Literatur, insbesondere von solitären Fällen von TFI, betrachten wir diese größtenteils als Variante von seborrhoischen Keratosen mit variablem Ausmaß von infundibulärer, isthmischer und/oder sebazärer Differenzierung mit oder ohne Regression.

Schlussfolgerungen

Wir werten TFI insgesamt als ein epitheliales Wachstumsmuster, das bei hamartomatösen, entzündlichen inkludierend infektiösen, reaktiven oder neoplastischen Prozessen auftreten und in den meisten solitären Formen am ehesten innerhalb des histologischen Spektrums seborrhoischer Keratosen eingeordnet werden kann.
The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD) guidelines for prevention of traumatic dental injuries: Part 2: Primary prevention of dental trauma across the life course
Authors: O'Connell Anne C. , Abbott Paul V. , Tewari Nitesh , Mills Stephen C. , Stasiuk Hans , Roettger Mark , Levin Liran
Published: February 2024

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD).
Regional vs. Local Isotopic Gradient: Insights and Modeling from Mid‐Mountain Areas in Central Italy
Authors: Tazioli Alberto , Fronzi Davide , Palpacelli Stefano
Published: February 2024

Mountainous zones are often characterized by complex orography and contacts between different aquifers that usually complicate the use of isotope hydrology techniques. The Apennine chain (Italy) and 10 mountain and mid‐mountain areas belonging to it are the objective of this study. An original isotopic data treatment, able to identify the most probable recharge area for several springs/springs' groups/wells, has been developed. The method consists of a two‐step approach: (1) the determination of the spring/wells computed isotope recharge elevation; (2) an advanced δ18O precipitation distribution model over the study area supported by statistical and GIS‐based procedures implemented by two processes: first, the clipping of precipitation δ18O values (depicted from the δ18O–elevation relationships obtained for each study area) over a most probable recharge area for each analyzed spring or well and, second, the calculation of the overlapping distribution between the spring/well mean δ18O values ± σ and the precipitation δ18O content for each outcropping aquifer. A new regional δ18O gradient covering 150 km latitudinal length of central Italy has been defined. Seven LMWL and δ18O–elevation relationships able to represent the local precipitation isotopic composition have been obtained. The mean elevation of the springs and wells recharge areas have been assessed by a comparison between the obtained gradient with nine δ18O gradients available in the literature and those obtained at a local scale. The new isotopic modeling approach can stress whether the mere isotope modeling based on the stable isotope of oxygen agrees with the hydrogeological setting of the study areas.
La sécurité et la santé au travail en tant que droits fondamentaux: étude historique comparative de la stratégie du réalisme vigilant de l'OIT
Authors: HILGERT Jeffrey
Published: February 2024

L'auteur présente une étude historique comparative de l'action de l'OIT en matière de sécurité et de santé au travail (SST) analysées comme des droits fondamentaux. Durant les vingt années qui ont suivi l'adoption du Pacte international relatif aux droits économiques, sociaux et culturels, l'Organisation a opté pour une approche réaliste et défendu l'idée que la protection de la SST supposait que les conditions économiques nécessaires soient réunies. L'article revisite cette histoire à la lumière de deux éléments: l'émergence d'une nouvelle réalité, faite d'incertitude, et l'ajout de la SST au cadre des principes et droits fondamentaux au travail de l'OIT. Il montre que l'approche du réalisme vigilant pourrait être appliquée aux activités actuelles de l'OIT dans le champ de la SST.
CD14−CD10−CD45+HLA‐DR−SSC+ neutrophils may be granulocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cell–like cells and relate to disease progression in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma patients
Authors: Zhou Ji , Xiao Hao , Wang Zhitao , Wang Huiping , Liang Xue , Zhai Zhimin , Hong Jingfang
Published: February 2024

We explored the frequency of CD14−CD10−CD45+HLA‐DR−SSC++ neutrophils (CD10− neutrophils) in patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and their immunologic characteristics and clinical significance. Patients with NHL who were newly diagnosed (NDP; n = 33), in remission (RMP; n = 28) and relapsed (RLP; n = 29) were included, and 47 volunteers were recruited as healthy controls (HCs). The frequency of CD10− neutrophils in the peripheral blood from HC and patients with NHL was detected. CD10− and CD10+ neutrophils were sorted, and their cytology was analyzed. CD3+ T cells were also isolated and cultured with the autologous CD10− or CD10+ neutrophils, after which the proliferation and death rates of T cells were determined. The levels of arginase‐1 (Arg‐1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CD10+ or CD10− neutrophils were examined. Few CD10− neutrophils were detected in HCs but were significantly elevated in patients with NHL, especially in NDP and RLP. In addition, CD10− neutrophils in NDP with advanced stage and high risk were markedly higher than those in NDP with limited stage and low risk. In RMP and RLP, the relapse‐free survival and overall survival in patients with high CD10− neutrophils were shorter than those with low CD10− neutrophils. CD10− neutrophils from patients with NHL, which mainly consist of immature neutrophils, inhibit T‐cell proliferation and facilitate T‐cell death. Furthermore, a significant increase was observed in Arg‐1 expression, along with an increase to a certain extent in ROS. CD10− neutrophils in patients with NHL have characteristics of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells and may be related to disease progression and poor prognosis.
NK92 cells and peripheral blood NK cells respond oppositely upon dasatinib treatment
Authors: Li Fengqi , Wang Zhongyi , Zheng Dongpeng , Pang Zhaojun , Feng Chunjing , Ma Yue , Yang Ce , Li Xueren , Peng Shouchun , Liu Zichuan , Mu Xin
Published: February 2024

Natural killer (NK) cell is a valuable tool for immunotherapy in cancer treatment, both the cultured cell line NK92 and primary NK cells are widely studied and used in research and clinical trials. Clinical observations witnessed the improvement of patients' NK cells in terms of cell counts and cytotoxic activity upon dasatinib treatment, an approved drug for chronic myeloid leukaemia and Ph+ acute lymphocytic leukaemia. Several studies supported the clinical observations, yet others argued a detrimental effect of dasatinib on NK cells. Due to the complex conditions in different studies, the definite influence of dasatinib on NK92 and primary NK cells remains to be settled. Here, we used a well‐defined in vitro system to evaluate the effects of dasatinib on NK92 cells and peripheral blood (PB)‐NK cells. By co‐culturing NK cells with dasatinib to test the cell counts and target cell‐killing activities, we surprisingly found that the chemical influenced oppositely on these two types of NK cells. While dasatinib suppressed NK92 cell proliferation and cytotoxic activity, it improved PB‐NK‐killing tumour cells. RNA sequencing analysis further supported this finding, uncovering several proliferating and cytotoxic pathways responding invertedly between them. Our results highlighted an intrinsic difference between NK92 and PB‐NK cells and may build clues to understand how dasatinib interacts with NK cells in vivo.
Transcriptomic analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis‐infected head and neck cancer cells: Identification of PLAU as a candidate prognostic biomarker
Authors: Hamada Masakazu , Inaba Hiroaki , Nishiyama Kyoko , Yoshida Sho , Yura Yoshiaki , Matsumoto‐Nakano Michiyo , Uzawa Narikazu
Published: February 2024

Periodontal disease is a risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontal pathogen, has been identified as a specific and potentially independent microbial factor that increases the risk of cancer mortality. Gene expression in HNSCC due to P. gingivalis infection and how changes in gene expression affect the prognosis of HNSCC patients are not clarified. When P. gingivalis was cultured with HNSCC cells, it efficiently adhered to these cells and enhanced their invasive ability. A transcriptome analysis of P. gingivalis ‐infected HNSCC cells showed that genes related to migration, including CCL20, CITED2, CTGF, C8orf44‐SGK3, DUSP10, EGR3, FUZ, HBEGF, IL1B, IL24, JUN, PLAU, PTGS2, P2RY1, SEMA7A, SGK1 and SIX2, were highly up‐ or down‐regulated. The expression of up‐regulated genes was examined using the expression data of HNSCC patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the expression of 5 genes, including PLAU, was found to be higher in cancer tissue than in solid normal tissue. An analysis of protein–protein interactions revealed that these 5 genes formed a dense network. A Cox regression analysis showed that high PLAU expression levels were associated with a poor prognosis in patients with TCGA‐HNSCC. Furthermore, the prognostic impact correlated with tumour size and the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis. Collectively, these results suggest the potential of PLAU as a molecular prognostic marker in HNSCC patients. Further in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to verify the findings of this study.
Comparison of efficacy and safety of tretinoin 0.05% and glycolic acid peeling 70% in axillary and neck lesions of acanthosis nigricans: A single‐blinded, randomized trial
Authors: Ghiasi Maryam , Samii Rana , Tootoonchi Nasim , Balighi Kamran , Heidari Sama
Published: February 2024

Background

Acanthosis nigricans is a non‐inflammatory skin pigmentary disorder characterized by a dark, velvety appearance, primarily observed in the neck and axillary areas. It is commonly associated with obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. Although the primary treatment is correcting the underlying disorders, many aesthetic modalities have been established to improve appearance owing to cosmetic concerns.

Aims

We aimed to compare and investigate the effectiveness and side effects of tretinoin 0.05% and glycolic acid 70% in treating acanthosis nigricans lesions of the axillary and neck area.

Methods

This single‐blinded, randomized trial recruited patients with neck or axillary involvement. Each patient was randomized to use cream tretinoin 0.05% every other night on one side, while the other side was treated with glycolic acid 70%, which was applied every 2 weeks at the clinic for four consecutive sessions. The study duration was 8 weeks, and patients were evaluated every 2 weeks based on their response to treatment, satisfaction, and side effects.

Results

Thirty patients, including 14 with neck lesions and 16 with axillary lesions, were included. Tretinoin was significantly more effective for axillary lesions in terms of treatment response and patient satisfaction (p = 0.02 and p = 0.008, respectively). It was also shown that as the severity of the lesions increased, the response to treatment and patient satisfaction decreased, specifically when treating axillary lesions with glycolic acid (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively).

Conclusion

Neither method was significantly effective for neck lesions. However, tretinoin 0.05% was shown to be more efficacious in treating axillary lesions of acanthosis nigricans, despite causing minimal side effects.
Leverage Is a Double‐Edged Sword
Authors: SUBRAHMANYAM AVANIDHAR , TANG KE , WANG JINGYUAN , YANG XUEWEI
Published: February 2024

We use proprietary data on intraday transactions at a futures brokerage to analyze how implied leverage influences trading performance. Across all investors, leverage is negatively related to performance, due partly to increased trading costs and partly to forced liquidations resulting from margin calls. Defining skill out‐of‐sample, we find that relative performance differentials across unskilled and skilled investors persist. Unskilled investors' leverage amplifies losses from lottery preferences and the disposition effect. Leverage stimulates liquidity provision by skilled investors, and enhances returns. Although regulatory increases in required margins decrease skilled investors' returns, they enhance overall returns, and attenuate return volatility.
Effect of phenylbutazone on insulin secretion in horses with insulin dysregulation
Authors: Kemp Kate L. , Skinner Jazmine E. , Bertin François‐René
Published: February 2024

Background

Phenylbutazone is often prescribed to manage pain caused by hyperinsulinemia‐associated laminitis, but in diabetic people nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs increase insulin secretion and pancreatic activity.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Investigate the effect of phenylbutazone administration on insulin secretion in horses. It was hypothesized that phenylbutazone will increase insulin secretion in horses with insulin dysregulation (ID).

Animals

Sixteen light breed horses, including 7 with ID.

Methods

Randomized cross‐over study design. Horses underwent an oral glucose test (OGT) after 9 days of treatment with phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg IV q24h) or placebo (5 mL 0.9% saline). After a 10‐day washout period, horses received the alternative treatment, and a second OGT was performed. Insulin and glucose responses were compared between groups (ID or controls) and treatments using paired t test and analyses of variance with P < .05 considered significant.

Results

In horses with ID, phenylbutazone treatment significantly decreased glucose concentration (P = .02), glucose area under the curve (2429 ± 501.5 vs 2847 ± 486.1 mmol/L × min, P = .02), insulin concentration (P = .03) and insulin area under the curve (17 710 ± 6676 vs 22 930 ± 8788 μIU/mL × min, P = .03) in response to an OGT. No significant effect was detected in control horses.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Phenylbutazone administration in horses with ID decreases glucose and insulin concentrations in response to an OGT warranting further investigation of a therapeutic potential of phenylbutazone in the management of hyperinsulinemia‐associated laminitis beyond analgesia.
Paternal starvation affects metabolic gene expression during zebrafish offspring development and lifelong fitness
Authors: Jimenez‐Gonzalez Ada , Ansaloni Federico , Nebendahl Constance , Alavioon Ghazal , Murray David , Robak Weronika , Sanges Remo , Müller Ferenc , Immler Simone
Published: February 2024

Dietary restriction in the form of fasting is a putative key to a healthier and longer life, but these benefits may come at a trade‐off with reproductive fitness and may affect the following generation(s). The potential inter‐ and transgenerational effects of long‐term fasting and starvation are particularly poorly understood in vertebrates when they originate from the paternal line. We utilised the externally fertilising zebrafish amenable to a split‐egg clutch design to explore the male‐specific effects of fasting/starvation on fertility and fitness of offspring independently of maternal contribution. Eighteen days of fasting resulted in reduced fertility in exposed males. While average offspring survival was not affected, we detected increased larval growth rate in F1 offspring from starved males and more malformed embryos at 24 h post‐fertilisation in F2 offspring produced by F1 offspring from starved males. Comparing the transcriptomes of F1 embryos sired by starved and fed fathers revealed robust and reproducible increased expression of muscle composition genes but lower expression of lipid metabolism and lysosome genes in embryos from starved fathers. A large proportion of these genes showed enrichment in the yolk syncytial layer suggesting gene regulatory responses associated with metabolism of nutrients through paternal effects on extra‐embryonic tissues which are loaded with maternal factors. We compared the embryo transcriptomes to published adult transcriptome datasets and found comparable repressive effects of starvation on metabolism‐associated genes. These similarities suggest a physiologically relevant, directed and potentially adaptive response transmitted by the father, independently from the offspring's nutritional state, which was defined by the mother.
The experiences of ethical conflict among critical care professionals in China: A qualitative study
Authors: Liu Yuanfei , Zhang Yuping , Jin Jingfen
Published: February 2024

Background

Ethical conflict is embedded in healthcare and is common in critical care setting. However, there is a paucity of research on the nature of ethical conflict in China. Ethical conflict has cultural and context sensitivity. Therefore, evidence is needed from different backgrounds to help discuss this issue across borders.

Aim

This study aimed to qualitatively identify the experience of ethical conflict in critical care professionals in China.

Study design

From December 2021 to February 2022, we performed semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews with 21 critical care professionals from five intensive care units in a tertiary general hospital in China. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyse the data.

Results

Five themes and 14 sub‐themes emerged from the data. Critical care professionals probably felt unable to navigate uncertainty, torn by family issues, outraged by unprofessional behaviours of medical staff, being trapped in a socioeconomic dilemma when having experience of ethical conflict. In addition, they also perceived that they could turn struggle into growth.

Conclusions

The experience of ethical conflict in critical care professionals involved a mixture of feelings. This study builds a comprehensive understanding of how ethical conflict affected their perceptions of themselves and their profession and provides implications to develop effective coping strategies.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The identification of critical care professionals' experience of ethical conflict would help identify what might trigger the ethical issues and what would be the potential target to optimize in critical practice.
Retracted: Polovchenko, Konstantin A. 2022. “The constitutional court as a subject of the political process.” Politics & Policy 50(3): 622–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12469
Authors: Polovchenko Konstantin A.
Published: February 2024

The above article published online on 23 May 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor, Emma Norman, and Wiley Periodicals LLC. Following concerns raised by a third party regarding manipulation of the peer review and publishing process, the editor and publisher investigated and found that the peer review process for this paper was compromised. As a result, the conclusions reported in the article are not considered reliable.
Emergence modeling of three‐lobe morning glory (Ipomoea triloba L.) and demographic parameters of seed longevity and persistence in the soil
Authors: Zandoná Renan Ricardo , Agostinetto Dirceu , Schimitz Maicon Fernando , Bianchi Mário Antônio , Puntel Simone , da Rosa Ulguim André
Published: February 2024

Three‐lobe morning glory (Ipomoea triloba L.) is an annual weed, which presents vigorous growth, long cycle, and tolerance to glyphosate. Thus, knowledge of aspects related to germination and behavior in the seed bank of this species are essential for the adoption of appropriate management practices to reduce the population in agricultural fields. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize the requirements for three‐lobe morning glory germination, perform field emergence modeling using thermal and hydrothermal time models, and determine the longevity of the seed bank. Eight temperatures and 10 water potentials were tested in the laboratory to determine the base temperature and water potential for seed germination. For the modeling of the emergence, field experiments were conducted between the years 2014 and 2018 considering three sampling times (10/20, 11/10, and 12/01), which coincide with the sowing times of summer annual crops. To evaluate the longevity and persistence of the seed bank, a factorial experiment was conducted in which factor A consisted of three burial depths and factor B consisted of five harvesting times. Base values for three‐lobe morning glory emergence are base, optimum, and maximum temperatures of 12.32, 29.82, and 43.31°C, respectively, and base water potential of −0.80 MPa. Both models are adequate to predict the emergence of three‐lobe morning glory in the three sampling times. The species has a persistent seed bank, in which the greater the depth of seed burial, the greater the longevity of the seed bank, and can remain viable for up to 16 months.
Are all avian influenza outbreaks in poultry the same? The predicted impact of poultry species and virus subtype
Authors: Kirkeby Carsten , Boklund Anette , Larsen Lars Erik , Ward Michael P.
Published: February 2024

Aims

Outbreaks of avian influenza in poultry farms are currently increasing in frequency, with devastating consequences for animal welfare, farmers and supply chains. Some studies have documented the direct spread of the avian influenza virus between farms. Prevention of spread between farms relies on biosecurity surveillance and control measures. However, the evolution of an outbreak on a farm might vary depending on the virus strain and poultry species involved; this would have important implications for surveillance systems, epidemiological investigations and control measures.

Methods and Results

In this study, we utilized existing parameter estimates from the literature to evaluate the predicted course of an epidemic in a standard poultry flock with 10,000 birds. We used a stochastic SEIR simulation model to simulate outbreaks in different species and with different virus subtypes. The simulations predicted large differences in the duration and severity of outbreaks, depending on the virus subtypes. For both turkeys and chickens, outbreaks with HPAI were of shorter duration than outbreaks with LPAI. In outbreaks involving the infection of chickens with different virus subtypes, the shortest epidemic involved H7N7 and HPAIV H5N1 (median duration of 9 and 17 days, respectively) and the longest involved H5N2 (median duration of 68 days). The most severe outbreaks (number of chickens infected) were predicted for H5N1, H7N1 and H7N3 virus subtypes, and the least severe for H5N2 and H7N7, in which outbreaks for the latter subtype were predicted to develop most slowly.

Conclusions

These simulation results suggest that surveillance of certain subtypes of avian influenza virus, in chicken flocks in particular, needs to be sensitive and timely if infection is to be detected with sufficient time to implement control measures. The variability in the predictions highlights that avian influenza outbreaks are different in severity, speed and duration, so surveillance and disease response need to be nuanced and fit the specific context of poultry species and virus subtypes.
Conhecimento de enfermeiros que atuam em maternidades sobre o aborto
Authors: Moreira de Freitas Rodrigo Jácob , De Oliveira Maia Thyago Jácome , Bezerra de Araújo Wanderlândia , Maia Bessa Marcelino , Duarte de Oliveira Kalyane Kelly , Barbosa Marques Antonio Dean Barbosa Marques , Maia Feitosa Rubia Mara
Published: February 2024

Compreender o conhecimento dos enfermeiros que atuam em maternidades sobre o aborto. Método: Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa. Utilizou-se entrevista seguindo roteiro semiestruturado com 15 enfermeiros que trabalham em dois hospitais maternidade em um município de médio porte do Nordeste brasileiro. Os dados foram processados no Software IRaMuTeQ. Resultados: Obtiveram-se 5 classes, estas, foram categorizadas tematicamente gerando 3 categorias: tipos de aborto: espontâneo e provocado; identificação e procedimento do aborto; ações de enfermagem para o cuidado de mulheres que abortaram. Os enfermeiros conhecem o aborto espontâneo e provocado, tendo influência no seu olhar sobre a problemática, identificam o sangramento e dor como sinais e apontam um cuidado humanizado. Conclusão: O aborto espontâneo causa mais comoção entre os profissionais, eles identificam características do processo de abortamento e desenvolvem ações de apoio psicológico à essas mulheres. É preciso maiores discussões sobre o tema desde a formação até o fortalecimento de dos espaços de educação permanente.
Simulation of ultrasonic scattering from scatterer size distributions using Field II
Authors: Whitson Hayley M. , Rosado-Mendez Ivan M. , Hale Jonathan H. , Hall Timothy J.
Published: February 2024

Quantitative analysis of radio frequency (RF) signals obtained from ultrasound scanners can yield objective parameters that are gaining clinical relevance as imaging biomarkers. These include the backscatter coefficient (BSC) and the effective scatterer diameter (ESD). Biomarker validation is typically performed in phantoms which do not provide the flexibility of systematic variation of scattering properties. Computer simulations, such as those from the ultrasound simulator Field II, can allow more flexibility. However, Field II does not allow simulation of RF data from a distribution of scatterers with finite size. In this work, a simulation method is presented which builds upon previous work by including Faran theory models representative of distributions of scatterer size. These are systematically applied to RF data simulated in Field II. The method is validated by measuring the root mean square error of the estimated BSC and percent bias of the ESD and comparing to experimental results. The results indicate the method accurately simulates distributions of scatterer sizes and provides scattering similar to that seen in data from clinical scanners. Because Field II is widely used by the ultrasound community, this method can be adopted to aid in validation of quantitative ultrasound imaging biomarkers.
Utilizing the derivative of unwrapped phase in ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of elastic properties of polymer filaments
Authors: Sajadi Vajihehsadat , Honarvar Farhang , Kari Mohammadreza
Published: February 2024

Polymer filaments represent the fundamental materials employed in fused filament fabrication additive manufacturing. This paper uses an innovative nondestructive evaluation technique for gauging the elastic properties of these polymer filaments. The method hinges on acoustic wave scattering theory, wherein a polymer filament is immersed in water and exposed to an incident acoustic wave. The waves scattered from the cylinder contain crucial information concerning the elastic properties of the filament. To extract these properties, an inverse method is applied which compares the resonance frequencies of the scattered signal with those anticipated based on a theoretical model. To improve the performance of this method in identifying the resonance frequencies, the derivative of the unwrapped phase within the backscattered pressure spectrum is analyzed. This is an advantageous approach as it can be equally applied to both experimental and theoretical pressure spectra, simplifying the task of identification of resonance frequencies considerably. The method's effectiveness is exemplified through its application to an aluminum rod followed by its application to two polymer filaments. Comparing the elastic constants of the polymer filaments determined through the proposed method with values reported in the literature underscores the method's capability to accurately measure the elastic constants of polymer filaments.
Thin-film transistor for temporal self-adaptive reservoir computing with closed-loop architecture
Authors: Chen Ruiqi , Yang Haozhang , Li Ruiyi , Yu Guihai , Zhang Yizhou , Dong Junchen , Han Dedong , Zhou Zheng , Huang Peng , Liu Lifeng , Liu Xiaoyan , Kang Jinfeng
Published: February 2024

Reservoir computing is a powerful neural network–based computing paradigm for spatiotemporal signal processing. Recently, physical reservoirs have been explored based on various electronic devices with outstanding efficiency. However, the inflexible temporal dynamics of these reservoirs have posed fundamental restrictions in processing spatiotemporal signals with various timescales. Here, we fabricated thin-film transistors with controllable temporal dynamics, which can be easily tuned with electrical operation signals and showed excellent cycle-to-cycle uniformity. Based on this, we constructed a temporal adaptive reservoir capable of extracting temporal information of multiple timescales, thereby achieving improved accuracy in the human-activity-recognition task. Moreover, by leveraging the former computing output to modify the hyperparameters, we constructed a closed-loop architecture that equips the reservoir computing system with temporal self-adaptability according to the current input. The adaptability is demonstrated by accurate real-time recognition of objects moving at diverse speed levels. This work provides an approach for reservoir computing systems to achieve real-time processing of spatiotemporal signals with compound temporal characteristics.
Intestinal lysozyme1 deficiency alters microbiota composition and impacts host metabolism through the emergence of NAD
+
-secreting
ASTB Qing110
bacteria
Authors: Zhang Chengye , Xiang Chen , Zhou Kaichen , Liu Xingchen , Qiao Guofeng , Zhao Yabo , Dong Kemeng , Sun Ke , Liu Zhihua
Published: February 2024

The intestine plays a pivotal role in nutrient absorption and host defense against pathogens, orchestrated in part by antimicrobial peptides secreted by Paneth cells. Among these peptides, lysozyme has multifaceted functions beyond its bactericidal activity. Here, we uncover the intricate relationship between intestinal lysozyme, the gut microbiota, and host metabolism. Lysozyme deficiency in mice led to altered body weight, energy expenditure, and substrate utilization, particularly on a high-fat diet. Interestingly, these metabolic benefits were linked to changes in the gut microbiota composition. Cohousing experiments revealed that the metabolic effects of lysozyme deficiency were microbiota-dependent. 16S rDNA sequencing highlighted differences in microbial communities, with
ASTB_g
(OTU60) highly enriched in lysozyme knockout mice. Subsequently, a novel bacterium,
ASTB Qing110
, corresponding to
ASTB_g
(OTU60), was isolated. Metabolomic analysis revealed that
ASTB Qing110
secreted high levels of NAD
+
, potentially influencing host metabolism. This study sheds light on the complex interplay between intestinal lysozyme, the gut microbiota, and host metabolism, uncovering the potential role of
ASTB Qing110
as a key player in modulating metabolic outcomes.

IMPORTANCE

The impact of intestinal lumen lysozyme on intestinal health is complex, arising from its multifaceted interactions with the gut microbiota. Lysozyme can both mitigate and worsen certain health conditions, varying with different scenarios. This underscores the necessity of identifying the specific bacterial responses elicited by lysozyme and understanding their molecular foundations. Our research reveals that a deficiency in intestinal lysozyme1 may offer protection against diet-induced obesity by altering bacterial populations. We discovered a strain of bacterium,
ASTB Qing110
, which secretes NAD
+
and is predominantly found in lyz1-deficient mice.
Qing110
demonstrates positive effects in both
C. elegans
and mouse models of ataxia telangiectasia. This study sheds light on the intricate role of lysozyme in influencing intestinal health.
Effects of non-pelleted or pelleted low-native grass and pelleted high-native grass diets on meat quality by regulating the rumen microbiota in lambs
Authors: Liu Tingyu , Bu Zhenkun , Xiang Kaifeng , Jia Yushan , Du Shuai
Published: February 2024

Diet modulates the rumen microbiota, which in turn can impact the animal performance. The rumen microbiota is increasingly recognized for its crucial role in regulating the growth and meat quality of the host. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which the rumen microbiome influences the fatty acid and amino acid profiles of lambs in the grass feeding system remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different native grass-based diets on animal performance, meat quality, fatty acid compositions, amino acid profiles, and rumen microbiota of lamb. Seventy-two Ujumqin lambs were randomly assigned into three treatments according to the initial body weight (27.39 ± 0.51 kg) and age (6 months ± 6 days). The lambs received three diets: (i) non-pelleted native grass hay with 40% concentrate diet; the native grass and concentrate were fed individually; (ii) pelleted native grass hay with 40% concentrate diet (PHLC); (iii) pelleted native grass hay with 60% concentrate diet (PHHC). The results showed that among the three groups, the PHHC and PHLC diets had markedly (
P
< 0.05) higher average daily gain and pH
45 min
, respectively. All amino acid levels were significantly (
P
< 0.05) decreased in the PHHC diet than in the PHLC diet. The principal coordinate analysis of the ruminal microbiota indicated the markedly distinct separation (
P
= 0.001) among the three groups. In addition, the correlation analysis showed that the
Rikenellaceae
_RC9_gut_group,
Prevotellaceae
_UCG-003,
Succinivibrio
, and
Succiniclasticum
were significantly (
P
< 0.05) associated with most of the fatty acid and amino acid profiles. The correlation analysis of the association of microbiome with the meat quality provides us with a comprehensive understanding of the composition and function of the rumen microbial community, and these findings will contribute to the direction of future research in lamb.

IMPORTANCE

Diet modulates the gut microbiome, which in turn impact the meat quality, yet few studies investigate the correlation between the rumen microbiome and the fatty acid profile of meat. Here, the current study develops an experiment to investigate the correlation of the rumen microbiome and fatty acid profile of meat: rumen microbiome responses to feed type and meat quality. The results indicated a unique microbiota in the rumen of lamb in response to diets and meat quality. Associations between utilization and production were widely identified among the affected microbiome and meat quality, and these findings will contribute to the direction of future research in lamb.
Effective interventions for improving routine childhood immunisation in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review of systematic reviews
Authors: Jain Monica , Duvendack Maren , Shisler Shannon , Parsekar Shradha S , Leon Maria Daniela Anda
Published: February 2024

Objective

An umbrella review providing a comprehensive synthesis of the interventions that are effective in providing routine immunisation outcomes for children in low and middle-income countries (L&MICs).

Design

A systematic review of systematic reviews, or an umbrella review.

Data sources

We comprehensively searched 11 academic databases and 23 grey literature sources. The search was adopted from an evidence gap map on routine child immunisation sector in L&MICs, which was done on 5 May 2020. We updated the search in October 2021.

Eligibility criteria

We included systematic reviews assessing the effectiveness of any intervention on routine childhood immunisation outcomes in L&MICs.

Data extraction and synthesis

Search results were screened by two reviewers independently applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted by two researchers independently. The Specialist Unit for Review Evidence checklist was used to assess review quality. A mixed-methods synthesis was employed focusing on meta-analytical and narrative elements to accommodate both the quantitative and qualitative information available from the included reviews.

Results

62 systematic reviews are included in this umbrella review. We find caregiver-oriented interventions have large positive and statistically significant effects, especially those focusing on short-term sensitisation and education campaigns as well as written messages to caregivers. For health system-oriented interventions the evidence base is thin and derived from narrative synthesis suggesting positive effects for home visits, mixed effects for pay-for-performance schemes and inconclusive effects for contracting out services to non-governmental providers. For all other interventions under this category, the evidence is either limited or not available. For community-oriented interventions, a recent high-quality mixed-methods review suggests positive but small effects. Overall, the evidence base is highly heterogenous in terms of scope, intervention types and outcomes.

Conclusion

Interventions oriented towards caregivers and communities are effective in improving routine child immunisation outcomes. The evidence base on health system-oriented interventions is scant not allowing us to reach firm conclusions, except for home visits. Large evidence gaps exist and need to be addressed. For example, more high-quality evidence is needed for specific caregiver-oriented interventions (eg, monetary incentives) as well as health system-oriented (eg, health workers and data systems) and community-oriented interventions. We also need to better understand complementarity of different intervention types.
Association between animal protein intake, oral frailty and calf circumference in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional analysis from the Shika study
Authors: Suzuki Fumihiko , Okamoto Shigefumi , Nakai Shingo , Miyagi Sakae , Tsujiguchi Hiromasa , Hara Akinori , Nguyen Thao Thi Thu , Shimizu Yukari , Hayashi Koichiro , Suzuki Keita , Kasahara Tomoko , Nakamura Masaharu , Takazawa Chie , Ogawa Aya , Shibata Aki , Kannon Takayuki , Tajima Atsushi , Tsuboi Hirohito , Ogino Noriyoshi , Konoshita Tadashi , Takamura Toshinari , Sato Kuniko , Nakamura Hiroyuki
Published: February 2024

Objective

To investigate the relationship between oral frailty (OF), nutrient intake and calf circumference (CC) in middle-aged and older adults.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Residents of four model districts of Shika town, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, using data from November 2017 to February 2018.

Participants

One hundred and ninety-four residents aged ≥50 years in four model districts of Shika town. The OF total score ≥3 was defined as OF. Participants were divided into OF and non-OF groups and divided into the low-CC/kg and the high-CC/kg groups.

Outcome measures

The primary outcome is to use a two-way analysis of covariance to analyse the interaction between the two CC/kg groups and the two OF groups on nutrition intake. The secondary outcome is to use multiple regression analysis to investigate the nutrients significantly related to CC/kg when stratified by OF, with age, sex, body mass index, drinking status, smoking status and regular exercise as input covariates.

Results

A two-way analysis of covariance revealed a significant interaction between the two CC/kg groups and the two OF groups on animal protein intake (p=0.039). Multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni analysis revealed a significantly lower animal protein intake in the OF group than in the non-OF group with a low CC/kg (p=0.033) but not in the group with a high CC/kg. The multiple regression analysis stratified by OF revealed a positive correlation between animal protein intake and CC/kg (p=0.002).

Conclusions

The present results revealed a significantly lower animal protein intake in the OF group than in the non-OF group in the low-CC/kg group, but no such difference was observed in the high-CC/kg group. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate this relationship.
Informal coercion in inpatient mental healthcare: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Billé Vincent , Lessard-Deschênes Clara , Sergerie-Richard Sophie , Désilets Marie , Tansey Julie , Goulet Marie-Hélène
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Comprehending informal coercion, which encompasses a wide range of phenomena characterised by subtle and non-legalised pressures, can be complex. Its use is underestimated within the continuum of coercion in mental health, although its application may have a negative impact on the persons involved. A better understanding of informal coercion is crucial for improving mental healthcare and informing future research. This scoping review aims to explore the nature, extent and consequences of informal coercion in mental health hospitalisation to clarify this phenomenon, establish its boundaries more clearly and identify knowledge gaps.

Methods and analysis

Following the methodological framework from the Joanna Briggs Institute, this scoping review will encompass 10 key steps. Literature searches will be conducted in electronic databases, including CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses. Then, a search in grey literature sources (Open Grey, Grey Guide), psychiatric and mental health journals, government agencies and among the references of selected studies will be conducted. The research will include all literature focusing on informal coercion with inpatients aged 18 and above. Data will be extracted and analysed descriptively, mapping the available knowledge and identifying thematic patterns. The quality of included studies will be assessed using appropriate appraisal tools. An exploratory search was conducted in November 2023 and will be updated in December 2023 when the selection of relevant evidence will begin.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required as this study involves the analysis of existing published literature. The findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and presentations at relevant conferences. They will be shared with people living with mental disorders and professionals working in mental healthcare.
Adverse independent prognostic effect of initial lung cancer on female patients with second primary breast cancer: a propensity score-matched study based on the SEER database
Authors: Zhao Dechang , Zhong Wenqing , Wang Yan , Zhang Kaiming , Shan Jialu , Cai Ruizhao , Du Tian , Chen Qingshan , Deng Rong , Zhou Yi , Tang Jun
Published: February 2024

Objective

To investigate the prognostic impact of initial lung cancer (LC) on second primary breast cancer after LC (LC-BC) and further develop a nomogram for predicting the survival of patients.

Methods

All patients diagnosed with LC-BC and first primary BC (BC-1) during 2000–2017 were collected from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Pathological features, treatment strategies and survival outcomes were compared between LC-BC and BC-1 before and after propensity score matching (PSM). Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the prognostic factors associated with LC in patients with LC-BC. Additionally, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was used to select clinical characteristics for nomogram construction, which were subsequently evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

827 429 patients with BC-1 and 1445 patients with LC-BC were included in the analysis. Before and after PSM, patients with BC-1 had a better prognosis than individuals with LC-BC in terms of both overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Furthermore, characteristics such as more regional lymph node dissection, earlier stage and the lack of chemotherapy and radiation for LC were found to have a stronger predictive influence on LC-BC. The C-index values (OS, 0.748; BCSS, 0.818), calibration curves and DCA consistently demonstrated excellent predictive accuracy of the nomogram.

Conclusion

In conclusion, patients with LC-BC have a poorer prognosis than those with BC-1, and LC traits can assist clinicians estimate survival of patients with LC-BC more accurately.