bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Human Papilloma virus in women with Abnormal Cervical Smears from Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Yi Myat San , Siang Tan Cheng , Lwin Soe , Myint Kay Thi , Yee Khin Than , Lwin Nay , Kipli Mardiana binti , Suharjono Haris N. , Khaing Mi Mi
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Cervical cancer is common cancer and ranked in fourth place in both incidence and mortality worldwide. It is 3rd most common female cancer in Malaysia with a lifetime risk of 1 in 116. Infection with high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as one of the substantial risk factors for the development of cervical cancers. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted to determine the prevalence of HPV infection and its subtypes among women with various degrees of abnormal smears, who were seen in the colposcopy clinic of Sarawak General Hospital within six months’ period from January to June 2018. We recruited 56 participants. There were 23 each for an atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and 10 high- grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). DNA was extracted, and HPV genotypes were determined via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two primer pairs MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+. Results: The age ranged from 23 to 56 years, with a mean age of 42.96 years. HPV was detected in 20 out of 56 (35.7%). There were 6 high-risk oncogenic HPVs (18, 51, 52, 56, 58, 68) detected in participants and the most prevalent subtypes were 18, 52, and 58 (20% each). Four low-risk HPVs detected were 6, 53, 70, and 84. There was a significant association between the severity of cervical lesions and HPV positivity (P < 0.004). HSIL had the highest positive predictive value to have HPV infection as 70% compared to 43.4% of LSIL and 9.3% of ASC-US. Conclusion: Distribution of HPV subtypes from women with abnormal smears from Sarawak indicated a high prevalence of HPV 18, 52, and 58. We also identified HPV 70, which has never been reported in West Malaysia. These findings could contribute valuable information for HPV vaccination strategies, particularly for Sarawakian women.
Antidiabetic and Antidyslipidemic activity of Secang
(Caesalpinia sappan L.) Wood extract on Diabetic Rat
Authors: Holidah Diana , Dewi Ika Puspita , Christianty Fransiska Maria , Muhammadiy Noer Sidqi , Huda Nur
Published: May 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome due to disorders of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism due to decreased insulin secretion or reduced insulin sensitivity. The number of people with diabetes mellitus is increasing every year. However, diabetes mellitus is a major cause of cardiovascular disease, blindness, kidney failure, and amputation due to gangrene. Patients with diabetes mellitus have a possibility of 2-3 times higher cardiovascular disease than non diabetic. Sappan wood containing brazilin that have antioxidant activity and had a potential activity to lower the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective of this research was to determine the activity of secang wood extract as an antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic on diabetic rat. Diabetic rat induced by alloxan and given extract once daily for 14 days. At 15th day, blood glucose level, lipid profile was determine, pancreas was harvested and processed to hystopathological examination. Secang wood extract decreased blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL level, increase HDL level, and repair the histology of pancreas on diabetic rat after 14 days treatment. Based on the result, secang wood extract had antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activity on diabetic rat.
Potensi Hidrologi Dan Tenaga AIR PLTA/PLTM Sungai Maros, Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Data Yelvius , Bato’ Sau Sitampang , Rante Bungin Erni , Tanan Benyamin
Published: May 2021

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA) adalah alternatif pembangkit energi listrik dengan memanfaatkan potensi tenaga air. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis hidrologi untuk mengetahui potensi tenaga air pada Sungai Maros. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode analisis data sekunder berupa data curah hujan dan data AWLR. Debit terbesar didapat pada alternatif 1 dengan rata-rata sebesar 16,43 m3/detik dengan Q90 sebesar 1,819 m3/det dan Q95 sebesar 1,482 m3/det, pada alternatif 2 debit rata-rata sebesar 10,41 m3/det dengan Q90 sebesar 1,152 m3/det dan Q95 sebesar 0,938 m3/det, dan pada alternatif 3 debit rata-rata sebesar 9,56 m3/det dengan Q90 sebesar 1,059 m3/det dan Q95 sebesar 0,862 m3/det.Untuk tenaga air potensi terbesar didapat pada alternatif 2 dengan potensi bangkitan untuk Q90 sebesar 150 Kw dan Q95 sebesar 122 Kw, pada alternatif 1 potensi bangkitan untuk Q90 sebesar 119 Kw dan Q95 sebesar 97 Kw, dan pada alternatif 3 potensi bangkitan untuk Q90 sebesar 138 Kw dan Q95 sebesar 113 Kw. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa untuk lokasi 1, 2, dan 3 dapat dibangun PLTA Mini.

Kata Kunci : pembangkit listrik tenaga air; daerah aliran sungai; Sungai Maros.
Karakteristik Campuran AC-WC dan AC-BC Menggunakan Bahan Tambah Serat Ijuk
Authors: I Yudi , I Angga , Alpius
Published: May 2021

Salah satu perkerasan jalan yang sering digunakan di Indonesia yaitu Campuran Laston. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian terhadap karakteristik campuran Laston AC-WC dan AC-BC dengan memanfaatkan serat ijuk sebagai bahan tambah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik bahan perkerasan dengan penambahan serat ijuk memenuhi spasifikasi sebagai bahan lapisan perkerasan jalan. Hasil uji Marshall diperoleh karakteristik campuran Laston AC-WC dengan kadar serat ijuk 2% mendapatkan Indeks Perendaman (IP) / Indeks Kekuatan Sisa (IKS) sebesar 94.04%  dan Laston AC-BC dengan kadar serat ijuk 1% mendapatkan Indeks Perendaman (IP) / Indeks Kekuatan Sisa (IKS) sebesar 91,14%.

Kata Kunci : Laston AC-WC dan AC-BC, Serat Ijuk, dan Karakteristik Marshall Konvesional dan Marshall Immertion
Karakteristik Penumpang Angkutan Umum Kota Trayek Sudiang - Sentral Kota Makassar
Authors: Alfrian Samban Stanis , Wahyuni Mangoli Astry , Rahman Rais , Ali Nur
Published: May 2021

Ukuran pelayanan yang baik adalah pelayanan yang aman, cepat, murah dan nyaman. Faktor keamanan, kenyamanan, keandalan, kemudahan akses, dan kecepatan adalah parameter bagaimana suatu sistem transportasi dapat dinyatakan baik atau tidak. Secara tegas dapat dikatakan, transportasi juga didorong karena adanya peningkatan nilai dari benda atau orang apabila ada perpindahan dari tempatasal ke tempat tujuan. Tujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik penumpang dan karakteristik  perjalanan dengan menguji variabel penumpang dan variabel perjalanan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah variasi penumpang pada pagi hari sangat bervariasi dengan persentase terbesar didominasi oleh perempuan, begitu juga dengan siang dan sore hari persentase terbesar didominasi oleh perempuan. Variabel perjalanan pada pagi hari juga sangat bervariasi dengan persentase terbesar didominasi oleh rantai perjalanan, pada siang hari oleh waktu tempuh saat macet, dan pada sore hari oleh frekuensi menggunakan mikrolet.
Comparative Biology of Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella Saund. on Bt. and Non-Bt. Cotton
Authors: Rajput Imran Ali , Lodhi Abdul Mubeen , Syed Tajwer Sultana , Abro Ghulam Hussain , Khatri Imran
Published: May 2021

Effect of Bt. and non-Bt. cotton variety was investigated on biological parameters of pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella. In biological parameters, maximum larval duration of 4.5±0.07 days were recorded in the first instar on non-Bt. cotton and minimum 2.00±0.06 days in fourth larval instar on Bt. cotton. The larval weight was higher (20.24±1.74 mg) on non-Bt. and minimum on Bt. cotton (13.84±1.34 mg); meanwhile the maximum pupal weight of 23.46±0.55 mg was weighed on non-Bt. cotton and minimum 17.41±0.44 mg on Bt. cotton. A total period of 18.44±0.55 days adult female lived on non-Bt. cotton and15.44±0.43 on Bt. cotton. The overall maximum mean numbers of 119±1.99 eggs were observed on non-Bt. cotton as compared to Bt. cotton. Similarly, ovipositional rate was also higher (8.04±0.19 eggs/ female/day) on non-Bt. cotton. The maximum larval duration (11.36±0.30 days) was higher on non-Bt. cotton and minimum on Bt. cotton (8.03±0.43 days); meanwhile the maximum pupal period of 9.73±0.29 days were calculated on Bt. cotton and almost similar days of pupal period on non-Bt. cotton crop, respectively. The highest mortality percentage of all stages was found on Bt. cotton with maximum mortality percentage of 24.59% at 1st larval instar.
Sequence Analysis and Expression Study of LTP7 Promoter Isolated from Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Masood Ammara , Mubeen Hira , Iqbal Nadia
Published: May 2021

Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) have role in transfer of phospholipids along biological membranes. A cotton LTP7 promoter was isolated using high throughput genomic sequences (HTGS) data base. Analysis of promoter nucleotide sequence revealed a number of crucial regulatory elements including core promoter elements. A 1.8 kb fragment of LTP7 promoter was isolated from genomic DNA of cotton and finally cloned in plant expression vector to characterize its functionality. Transient GUS assay revealed that promoter showed expression in cotton fibres during the time of elongation and different stages of secondary cell wall synthesis. Deletion analysis at 5' end showed that 1 kb promoter showed strong expression during stage of secondary cell wall synthesis. Whereas, 1.5 kb deletion fragment exhibited less strong expression in cotton fibres. Results of this present study, showed that 1 kb deletion fragment and 1.8 kb LTP7 promoter exhibits fibre specific expression and may be used to express fiber genes in cotton.
Paracetamol-Induced Liver Damage and Effect of Prosopis africana Seeds Extract on Liver Marker Enzymes of Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Parker Joshua , Chizoba Anosike Joy , Okpashi Victor Eshu , Okwesili Fred Chilentugo Nwodo
Published: May 2021

This study was carried to determine the effect of Prosopis africana seed extract after induction of paracetamol in Wistar albino rats to ascertain its ameliorating capacities in terms of liver damage. The assay was done on alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and hematological parameters. Thirty-two Wistar albino rats with an average weight of 120-180 g were used for this investigation. The P. africana seeds were extracted by maceration after 24 h fermentation in chloroform-methanol ratio 2:1. The animals were administered 2500 mg/kg of paracetamol upon 24 h starvation to induce liver damage. After administering 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW), the extract showed no acute toxicity. Serum alanine phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels decreased in all the test groups as compared to paracetamol group. The results depicted that P. africana seeds extract are effective in the regeneration of the damaged liver cells by averting enzyme leakage into the bloodstream.
Imperiling on Urban Environment by Air Pollution and its Impact on Human Health
Authors: Hashmi Durdana Rais , Shareef Akhtar , Qadri Talha Rehan , Azam Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Present study was carried out to analyze the concentration of the pollutants due to air born particulate matter (PM10) and infectious trace gases and their effects on human health at ten different locations along busy intersections in the commercial, residential and industrial areas of Karachi city. At each selected location, the study was carried out to determine the level of particulate matter and trace gases for a period of 8 h twice in a month during the year 2015. Samples were collected at ten selected locations i.e. Karimabad(C-1), Tibet Centre(C-2), and Liaquatabad(C-3) in commercial areas; PIB Colony(R-1), Nazimabad(R-2) and Gulshan-e-Iqbal(R-3) in residential areas; Siemens G. Belt(I-E1), Naurus G Belt (I-E2), Singer Chowrangi(I-W3) and Chamra Chowrangi(I-W4) in industrial areas of the city. Resultsreceived from different air quality categories were calculated according to National Environmental Quality Standard (NEQS) at selected locations, as in commercial areas showing poor pollution level for trace gases and PM10 due to high traffic density. In Residential areas PIB Colony (R-1) and Gulshan-e-Iqbal (R-3), found under good category with respect to the trace gases and moderate pollution level for the PM10 pollution, having low traffic density whereas Nazimabad(R-2) presents moderate category for trace gases and unhealthy category for PM10 pollution with high traffic density. In industrial areas Singer Chowrangi (I-W3) and Chamra Chowrangi(I-W4) found under moderate pollution level with moderate traffic density, whereas, Siemens G. Belt(I-E1) and Naurus G. Belt(I-E2) locations are represented by moderate pollution values for trace gases and found under poor pollution level for PM10 pollution, may be due to industrial emissions and heavy vehicular emission. Level of PM10 and trace gases at all the selected sites excluding residential areas, exceeds the permissible limits as specified by NEQS.
Hydrocarbon Source and Reservoir Rock Potential of the Paleocene Hangu Formation in the Himalayan Foreland Basin, North West Pakistan: Insight from Geochemical and Diagenetic Study
Authors: Qureshi Kamil Ahmed , Hussain Hamid , Shah Afsar Ali , Meerani Ishaque Ali , Fahad Shah , Basit Abdul
Published: May 2021

The detail study of the Paleocene Hangu Formation consisting of sandstone, carbonaceous shale, coal, and laterite has been carried out for its source and reservoir rock potential in the Salt Range, Surghar Range, and Attock-Cherat Ranges. The TOC values of the shales range from 0.33-11.19 (2.97 wt. %) and are characterized as good to very good quality source rock except the samples from Attock-Cherat Ranges. Similarly, the free (S1) and cracked hydrocarbons (S2) amount are very small suggesting Hangu Formation as a poor source rock for free and cracked hydrocarbons except the samples from the Lumshiwal Nala. The generative potential, type of kerogen and thermal maturity calculated on the basis of TOC, S1, S2, HI, PI and Tmax all characterized Hangu Formation as fair to excellent gas or oil source, type III and mixed type III/II kerogen and immature source rock. The Hangu Formation sandstone is brownish to yellowish brown, fine to coarse grained, medium to thick bedded and massive in places. The major diagenetic changes observed in a sandstone of the Hangu Formation are; compaction, cementation, replacement and grain fracturing. The effect of mechanical compaction is more evident than that of chemical compaction. Grain contact ranges from pointed to long through sutured. The type of cement present includes silica-cement, calcite-cement, dolomite-cement, and iron-oxide cement. Silica-cement is present as both overgrowth and pore-filling cement. Clay rim is present around few grains. The process of early calcite cementation, mechanical compaction, silica, and iron oxide cementation destroys the reservoir properties of the Hangu Formation sandstone. There is no visible porosity observed except the dissolution of few grains at their margins. However, during the process of uplifting such porosity usually filled by the iron- oxide cementation. Hence, Hangu Formation is an immature source rock with a poor reservoir potential.
Pretreatment of Cotton with Different Radiations to Improve Colour Strength and Fastness Properties in Reactive Dyeing
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Azeem , Amjad Amna , Farooq Assad , Khan Jawairia Umar
Published: May 2021

Different types of radiations have been found to be widely applicable in modifying the properties of materials. In this work colour strength (K/S) and colour fastness of reactive dyed cotton fabric has been studied with the application of three radiations; microwave, ultraviolet and ultrasonic. Analysis of variance and comparison of mean values statistical tests were carried out to find out the effect of different radiation treatment time and fabric density on colour strength of cotton fabrics. The colour strength (K/S) of dyed fabric enhanced significantly by pretreatment with different radiations and highest shade depth is achieved in case of microwave in comparison to untreated ultrasonic and ultraviolet irradiated samples. Furthermore, irradiated samples have shown better colour fastness to washing in all three cases. Therefore these radiations can be used to enhance the colour properties of dyed fabrics.
Multivariate Analysis of Heavy Metals, Physicochemical and Microbial Characteristics to Determine the Water Quality of Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Waqar , Shams Zafar Iqbal , Abbasi Haq Nawaz , Farooq Muhammad Afzal , Zafar Muhammad Usama , Zubair Arif
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to assess the water quality of the lower Indus Basin, Pakistan. Eighty- two water samples were collected from forty-one locations of lower Indus Basin (Kashmore to Keti-Bander) during pre and post monsoon seasons. The variation pattern in the water quality has been observed in both seasons. The samples were analysed for physical quality (temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, salinity and conductivity), chemical quality (chloride, total alkalinity, total hardness, sulphate, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc, lead, mercury, copper, cadmium and nitrate) and biological quality (coliform bacteria). The study reveals that the concentrations of lead, mercury, and cadmium in water samples during both seasons were slightly higher than the permissible limits, whereas, all other parameters were within WHO guidelines. The higher concentration of heavy metals must be rectified by the concerned authorities in order to protect human health.
Debates sobre educação no Brasil: olhares interdisciplinares vol. 2
Authors: Mateus Yuri Givago Alhadef Sampaio , Mateus Natasha Nickolly Alhadef Sampaio , Rodrigues Jesse Lindoso
Published: May 2021

A obra Educação no Brasil em debate: olhares interdisciplinares volume 02 teve por finalidade dar visibilidade para o debate em torno da educação brasileira sob diversos olhares, isto é, como cada área do conhecimento (Ciências Humanas, Ciências da Natureza, Linguagens, Códigos, Matemática e suas Tecnologias) vem sendo aplicada no âmbito escolar, desde a educação básica ao ensino superior. Buscou-se discutir os entraves que historicamente assolam a educação, bem como os novos problemas que desafiam os educadores/as e educandos/as no cotidiano escolar.
PEMBUATAN PROTOTYPE ROBOT COVID-19 ARJUNO AUTOBOST
Authors: Wahyuningsih Erfiana , Widodo Sulistyo , Rahmanto Randy
Published: May 2021

Robot arjuno autobost merupakan robot pendeteksi suhu yang dirancang dengan alat-alat ramah lingkungan, dan dibuat dengan sebaik mungkin. Sistem robot ini bisa menghampiri orang atau benda yang di depannya dan akan mendeteksi suhu dengan mengelauarkan suara untuk perintahnya.Robot arjuno ini juga merupakan salah satu alat teknologi untuk membantu manusia dalam bekerja terutama mengecek suhu dan memberikan hansanitizer. Kami menciptakan robot ini agar untuk membantu pekerjaan manusia, tanpa mengganti pekerjaan manusia karna robot yang kami buat juga harus ada maintenen nya, hanya saja awalnya yang bekerja harus banyak orang, kemudian adanya robot arjuno ini satu orang juga cukup. Dari hasil analisis dan pembuatan robot ini diharapkan memproleh hal-hal yang menjadi perhatian untuk dilakukan langkah-langkah dalam pelaksanaan pengendalian dari system Arjuno ini dengan demikian performacenya dapat dijaga sesuai dengan kondisi awal dan dijadikan rekomendasi untuk para pemangku kepentingan.
Theoretical Implications of Theory Planned Behavior on Purchasing Decisions: A Bibliometric Review
Authors: Simanjuntak Mariana , Putra Aditya Halim Perdana Kusuma
Published: May 2021

This study uses a bibliometric literature review approach with a sample mapping literature of 10 articles regarding planned behavior theory approaches to purchase decisions; Reference articles from 2007 - 2021 under publisher Elsevier (e.g., LWT, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Journal of Interactive Marketing, Regional Science and Urban Economics, Food Quality and Preference Journal, Energy Policy, Decision Support Systems Journal, and Industrial Marketing Management ). Universally, the results of this literature study state two propositions and hypotheses (e.g., Firstly, the theoretical implication states that there is a robust theoretical correlation between the theory of Planned behavior on purchase decisions; secondly, the correlation of planned behavior theory in aspects of management (e.g., marketing, Technology, and HRM) make a positive contribution as a grounded theory to explain antecedent variables and their correlation to other approaches)
HOLŞTEİN IRKI İNEKLERDE OVSYNCH SENKRONİZASYONUNUN FARKLI GÜNLERİNDE β-KAROTEN UYGULAMASININ DÖL VERİMİ ÜZERİNE OLAN ETKİSİ
Authors: BİLDİK Ayşegül , YAMAN Hidayet
Published: May 2021

Ovsynch senkronizasyon protokolü östrojen tespiti olmadan zamanlanmış suni tohumlama sağlayan pratik bir yöntemdir. Östrus ve yumurtlamayı senkronize etmek için süt ineklerinde yaygın olarak uygulanır. Bu çalışmada Holştein ırkı ineklerde Ovsynch senkronizasyon protokolü ile β-karoten enjeksiyonun döl verimi üzerine etkisi araştırıldı.

Araştırmada 75 baş, postpartum 40-150. günleri arasında ve yaş ortalaması 45 ay olan holştein ırkı inek kullanıldı. Her grupta 15 baş olacak şekilde oluşturulan 5 gruptaki tüm ineklere ovsynch programı uygulandı ve 10.gün suni tohumlama yapıldı. β-karoten (7 mg/100kg) i.m. enjeksiyonları, 1.gruba (1.gün) ilk GnRH ile birlikte.; 2.gruba (9.gün) 2. GnRH ile birlikte 3.gruba suni tohumlama esnasında (10.gün); 4.gruba ilk GnRH uygulamasından 2 gün sonra (2.gün) yapıldı; 5.gruba sadece ovsynch senkronizasyon programı uygulandı.

Suni tohumlama sırasında (%80) ve 2.GnrH (%66,6) uygulamasından 2 gün sonra β-karoten verilen grupların gebelik oranları, diğer gruplardan (%33,3-42) oldukça yüksek bulunmasına rağmen β- karoten enjeksiyonunun tüm gruplarda serum β-karoten ve retinol düzeylerinde önemli bir artışa neden olmadığı görüldü.

Ovsynch protokolü kapsamında GnRH ile uyarılan ovulasyona β-karotenin etkisinin anlaşılabilmesi için korpus luteum ve ovulasyon hacmının belirleneceği çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Covid 19: Risk faktörleri, Tedavide Kullanılan İlaçlar ve Ölüm Oranı
Authors: ÖKSÜZ Ersoy , BUĞDAY M. Serdar , ACUN DELEN Leman , ÇAĞAŞAR Ozlem , DEMİR Bilgehan , AKTAŞ İbrahim , SİANANOĞLU Muhammet , ALTINTOP GEÇKİL Ayşegül , AYDOGAN BAYKARA Rabia , ALADAĞ Hülya , GÜNEŞ Ajda , AKTÜRK Erdal , PEMBEGÜL İrem
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Corona Virüs 19’un neden olduğu hastalık, 2019 yılının sonunda ortaya çıkan halen Dünya genelinde yaygın olarak görülen pandemik hastalıktır. Hafif vakalarda klasik bir üst solunum enfeksiyonu şeklinde seyretse de ağır vakalarda pnömoni ve solumun sıkıntısına yol açarak ölüme neden olur. Günümüzde halan spesifik bir ilaç tedavisi bulunmamakta ve çeşitli ilaçlar tedavi için denenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Corona Virüs 19’a yakalanan hastaların demografik özellikleri, risk faktörleri, kullanılan ilaçlar ve bu ilaçların mortalite üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlandı.
Materyal ve Metot: Malatya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde 2020 yılı Mart-Mayıs ayları arasında Covid 19 tanısı ile yatan ve test sonucu pozitif olan toplam 71 hasta, hastanenin veri tabanından ve Halk Sağlığı Yönetim Sisteminden retrospektif olarak taranarak kaydedildi. Bu hastaların, demografik özellikleri, yattıkları servis, yatış süreleri, ek hastalıkları, sağ kalım durumları, kullandıkları ilaçlar tespit edildi. İstatiksel analiz için SPSS (IBM SPSS for Windows, ver.24) ve Minitab (Statistical Software for Windows, ver.17) istatistik paket programları kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Erkek hastaların sayısı kadınlara göre istatiksel anlamlı olarak yüksekti (p:0,001). Ölüm oranı erkeklerde kadınlara göre daha yüksekti (p:0,001). Hastaların 73%’de en az bir ek hastalık vardı. En fazla görülen ek hastalık hipertansiyondu (48%). Ek hastalığı olan hastaların ölüm oranı olmayanlara göre istatiksel anlamlı olarak yüksekti (p:0,001). Hastanemizde Covid 19’a karşı rutin olarak hidroksiklorokin, oseltamivir, azitromisin, favipiravir, ritonavir ve lopinavir olmak üzere beş ilaç grubu kullanılmıştı. Bu ilaçlar içerisinden en fazla kullanılan hidroksiklorokin’di (77%). Kullanılan ilaçların mortalite üzerine herhangi bir etkisi yoktu (p:0582).
Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçları, Covid 19 hastalığına yakalananların çoğunluğunun erkek olduğunu, yaşın önemli bir risk faktörü olduğunu, ek hastalıkların mortalite riskini artırdığını, kullanılan bütün ilaçların mortalite üzerinde herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığını göstermektedir.
Learning for Professional Development of Social Studies Teachers in Thailand
Authors: Pinthongpunth Khwandaw , Phuwanatwichit Thongchai , Mangkhang Charin , Sarobol Atchara
Published: May 2021

The research of creative learning for professional development of social studies students aims to study the basic information on creative learning management models for teacher professional development for Social Studies Program students. There are various ways to learn. The model that can be developed and applied to learners to develop the knowledge, skills and competencies necessary for the management of teaching and learning in the modern era to support learners and teachers in the rapid changing society, environment, economy and technology that have an impact on learning and teaching. The teachers who have a teaching method that can pass on or develop the learners is the first factor that generate the understanding between teachers and students. It is to understand the basic information of the local educational institutions. Therefore, this article provides basic information on creative learning management for teacher professional development for students studying in Bachelor's degree in Social Studies Program, Songkhla Rajabhat University, the local university where produces graduates serve to society and communities. Therefore, this article can create an understanding and a basis for further research work.
Mid-term functional and radiological results of endoprosthetic reconstruction of proximal humeral bone tumors
Authors: TOPKAR Osman Mert , SIRIN Evrim
Published: May 2021

Objective: Functional and radiological mid-term results and survival of endoprosthetic reconstructions following proximal humeral
resections were evaluated.
Patients and Methods: Between 2006 and 2013, 29 patients (14M/15F) who underwent resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction
for primary or metastatic tumors of the proximal humerus were retrospectively reviewed. Average age during surgery was 45 years
(18-70 years) and the patients were followed-up for 20 months (6-57 months) on average. Patients with giant cell tumor of bone (2),
chondrosarcoma (7), osteosarcoma (2), Ewing’s sarcoma (1), multipl myeloma (5) and metastatic carcinoma (12) underwent surgery.
Functional parameters and proximal migration of the endoprosthesis were evaluated. Complications, revision rate and implant
survival were investigated. Oncological follow-up was recorded.
Results: The average Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was 81% (50-93%), and average active/passive abduction and
flexion of the shoulder was measured as 40°/90° and 50°/90° respectively. Follow-up radiographs demonstrated proximal migration
of the endoprosthesis in 8 (27.5%) patients. None of the patients had infection, wound problem, aseptic loosening or implant failure.
Except for one revision (3,5%) due to mechanical loosening, all reconstructions survived with the patients until the end of study.
Conclusion: Endoprosthetic reconstruction following resection of primary or metastatic tumors of proximal humerus is a satisfactory
treatment method with good functional results and low complication and high implant survival rates.
Brachial plexus paralysis associated with traumatic asphyxia
Authors: DERINOZ GULERYUZ Oksan
Published: May 2021

Traumatic injuries are the most common cause of brachial plexus lesions in children and adults. There are many causes of brachial
plexus injuries such as accidents, falls and prolonged pressure. Traumatic asphyxia (TA) is a rare but serious clinical syndrome. Rarely,
brachial plexus lesion may develop after TA and it is extremely rare in children. The cause of brachial plexus injury in patients without
posttraumatic nerve root avulsion has not yet been fully explained. In this case report, we present the case of a child with neurological
damage following TA which is very rare in the literature.
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of Sjögren’s syndrome and its differences from keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Authors: TASKIRAN Ismail , KALYONCU Umut , KIRAZ Sedat
Published: May 2021

Objective: In this study we aimed to compare the clinical and biochemical characteristics of primary Sjögren’s syndrome patients with
that of keratoconjunctivitis sicca, secondary Sjögren syndrome and undifferentiated disease.
Patients and Methods: Patients with Sjögren’s syndrome and keratoconjunctivitis sicca who applied between August 2009 and January
2010 were included in this study. Demographic data, laboratory characteristics, Schirmer’s test and salivary gland biopsies of the
patients were recorded.
Results: Average diagnosis age for 87 primary Sjögren’s syndrome, 25 secondary Sjögren’s syndrome, 27 keratoconjunctivitis sicca and
44 undifferentiated group patients were 45±13, 43±14, 44±11 ve 45±11 years (p>0.05), accordingly. Critical and severe mouth dryness
rate was 45% in primary Sjögren’s syndrome group and 7% in keratoconjunctivitis sicca group, critical and severe eye dryness was 43%
in primary Sjögren’s syndrome group and 78% in keratoconjunctivitis sicca group (p<0.001). Grade 3≥ positivity in salivary gland
biopsy was found as 71.2% in primary Sjögren’s syndrome group and 27.2% in the undifferentiated group (p<0.001).
Conclusions: More dense lymphocyte infiltration was detected in primary Sjögren’s syndrome in salivary gland biopsies. As 27.2% of
undifferentiated group patients had positive salivary gland biopsies, they might need follow-ups in terms of having increased risk of
developing primary Sjögren’s syndrome.
Effectiveness of Erosion Control Structures in Reducing Soil Loss on Skid Trails
Authors: Solgi Ahmad , Naghdi Ramin , Zenner Eric K. , Keivan Behjou Farshad , Vatani Leila
Published: May 2021

Forest operations can lead to increased runoff and soil loss on roads and skid trails. Best management practices (BMPs) aim to minimize erosion and water quality problems, but the efficacies of various BMP options such as water bars are not well documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different densities of water diversion structures (water bars) on runoff volume and soil loss on different skid trail gradients on two soils with different textures in the Shenrood forest, Guilan province, northern Iran. The treatments included combinations of four densities of water bars (1, 2, 3 or 6 water bars per 150 m length of skid trail section [overland trail]), on two levels of trail gradient (≤20% and >20%) and two soil textures (clay loam and silt loam). Average runoff volume and soil loss per m2 of skid trail surface area were significantly greater (P≤0.05) on silt loam than on clay loam textured soils, and on slope gradients >20% (23–28%) than on gradients ≤20% (5–13%). Average runoff volume increased, and average soil loss decreased significantly (P≤0.05) with increasing density of water bars on both gradients and on both soil textures. On both soil textures, the lowest surface runoff volumes were observed with one water bar and the greatest volumes with six water bars installed. In contrast, the smallest amount of soil loss on both soil textures was observed with six water bars, and the greatest soil loss when only one water bar was installed. The installation of additional water bars led to significant differences in both responses at each level of density and led to reductions in soil loss of 77%, 57% and 27% in the clay loam, and 79%, 60% and 30% in the silt loam soil compared to the single water bar treatment. The reduced soil loss per unit of surface runoff volume is likely due to the reduced velocity of surface water runoff in the skid trail. The greater density of water bars appears to effectively divert more but slower flowing water from the skid trail, leading to reduced soil loss. While additional water bars thus better meet the objective of BMPs to minimize soil loss, managers need to balance the cost of the construction of additional water bars against the ecological benefits of reduced soil loss. An investment into additional water bars may be worthwhile if the additional structures are able to divert surface runoff more effectively to nearby vegetation and reduce the input of soil from skid trails to streams, thereby preventing the loss of water quality of these streams.
Investigation of Structure of Technology Cycle Time of Hydraulic Manipulators in the Process of Loading Forwarders with Logs
Authors: Piskunov Maxim
Published: May 2021

In the practice of using cut-to-length technology, hydraulic manipulators are widely used. Understanding manipulator cycle is important for improving existing logging technologies and developing new machine designs. The paper analyzes structure of technological cycle and operating time of manipulator in the process of loading forwarder on skid trails. Twenty-one loading processes were investigated. In the structure of technological cycle, the following elements were considered: empty movements, loaded movements, movements of manipulator links when performing operations inside load space of forwarder and special techniques such as re-grabbing logs and pulling of an incompletely closed log grip through the logs when the ends of the grabbed logs tilt and abut against the ground used during loading movement. Statistical processing of data showed that median values of samples consisting of time intervals of empty movements are in trange from 3.8 to 6 seconds, the median of samples of loaded movements is 6–16 seconds and median of samples of a pair of movements 5–9 seconds. With a 95% degree of probability, under the studied production conditions, the time of one loaded movement falls within the range of 4–14 seconds; one empty movement – in the range of 3–7 seconds. Total time of empty movements takes a share from 20 to 45% of the total loading time (on average 30%), the total time of loading movements is from 51 to 72% (on average 63%), the time of operations inside the load space is from 0 to 18% (on average 7%). Time of loaded movements, including use of special techniques, is from 13% to 64% of total time of loaded movements (or 10–53% of total number of loaded movements). The time, consisting of a pair of movements: empty and loaded, is somewhat influenced by forwarder size. Duration of one loaded movement is significantly affected by use of special techniques by the operator. Number and duration of loaded movements with these techniques is significantly influenced by: average size of loaded assortments and number of assortments carried in the grapple during one loaded movement. No significant influence of average size of assortments, number of assortments in grapple and size of the machine on empty movements was found. However, some influence on empty movements of number of loaded movements performed from one forwarder parking lot was observed. Duration and frequency of operations within the load space are weakly correlated with the size of assortments and forwarder size.
Usando PABC-Pattern para Codificar o Conhecimento: Um Estudo Experimental
Authors: Rabelo Jacilane , Viana Davi , Santos Gleison , Conte Tayana
Published: May 2021

Gerência do conhecimento tem um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento de software. A coleta de lições aprendidas é uma prática comum em organizações de software para gerenciar e transferir o conhecimento. A codificação do conhecimento pode facilitar o registro das lições aprendidas para sua consulta posterior. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo qualitativo da PABC- Pattern (Problema, Ação, Benefício e Contexto – Padrão), uma nova abordagem para codificar e compartilhar o conhecimento na forma de lições aprendidas. Os resultados mostraram que há uma facilidade de uso nos campos da abordagem Adicionalmente, foi feita uma comparação do esquema proposto pela PABC-Pattern com os esquemas de outras abordagens baseadas em padrão.
Aplicando Design Thinking para Melhorar a Qualidade de um Aplicativo Web Móvel
Authors: Marques Anna Beatriz , Cavalcante Emanuelle , Rivero Luís , Lopes Adriana , Conte Tayana
Published: May 2021

Design Thinking (DT) é uma metodologia que engloba iniciativas de inovação em atividades de projeto centrado no usuário, que pode ser aplicada para proporcionar uma melhor experiência de usuário (UX). Este artigo relata uma experiência na aplicação de DT no reprojeto do aplicativo web móvel Dona Know, o que permitiu identificar oportunidades de melhoria. Foram aplicados métodos de avaliação de UX com o objetivo de comparar a nova versão do aplicativo com a versão anterior ao reprojeto. Os resultados deste trabalho demonstram que houve aumento no nível de satisfação dos usuários ao utilizar a versão reprojetada do aplicativo.
Uma Técnica para Medir e Acompanhar a Motivação Intrínseca de Times Ágeis
Authors: Lima Júnior Romildo F. , Ribeiro Samira S. Amaral , Carvalho Sandra R. Chaves , Rodrigues Morgana V. , Gomes Albert Schilling
Published: May 2021

Manter os membros da equipe motivados é um desafio constante. A identificação e o monitoramento das motivações intrínsecas tem um nível mais elevado de complexidade quando comparado às motivações extrínsecas. Essa dificuldade pode ser mais acentuada quando nos referimos a projetos ágeis, devido às constantes mudanças. Este artigo trata do uso da técnica: Measuring Motivator Cycle (MMC). MMC é uma adaptação da técnica Moving Motivators do Management 3.0, onde o diferencial é a atribuição de pontos para as motivações intrínsecas, resultando em um indicador que calcula a média geral de motivação da equipe, tornando o acompanhamento da motivação algo mais papável.
A Quantitative Study for the Characterization of Internal Quality of Open-Source Object-Oriented Software
Authors: Santos Mariana De Azevedo , Bermejo Paulo Henrique De Souza , Costa Heitor
Published: May 2021

Although it is necessary, activities regarding quality assurance and maintenance of software are considered the longest and most complex in software development lifecycle. Taking advantage of this growing trend and of the benefits obtained from open-source initiative, researches on open-source software quality and maintainability have gained renewed interest. The use of robust statistical techniques, such as PLS-SEM to investigate and empirically validate software quality models has also been an efficient alternative to obtain information on open-source software quality. The aim of this study was evaluate and build a conceptual model to characterize the internal quality in Java open-source software in different domains, validated with the PLS-SEM technique. The study results indicate that there are domains with similarities among them and four factors can influence the internal quality of object-oriented software to present better maintainability (Complexity Reduce, Normalized Cohesion, Non-normalized Cohesion, and Increase of the Modularity Level). Besides, we identified some measures are more effective to evaluate internal quality in object-oriented open-source, such as, Fan-out (FOUT), Lack of Cohesion of Methods 2 (LCOM2), Response for Class (RFC), Tight Class Cohesion (TCC), and Loose Class Cohesion (LCC). Thus, this study aims at supporting software engineers and project managers to develop measurement strategies to ensure internal quality of source code and reduce maintenance costs.
Der Ausschluss aus der staatlichen Parteienfinanzierung
Authors: Nikkho Ramin
Published: May 2021

A state should not be forced to fund those parties which try to combat its highest values. This thought was realized by a constitutional amendment to exclude parties from the state party financing. A defensive democracy is in narrow limits allowed to discriminate against certain political parties which try to overthrow its fundamental values to implement their own unconstitutional agenda. But the major intervention in the political competition though raises questions about its constitutional admissibility. The democracy itself basically precludes state interventions in the political competition to the detriment of a certain contestant. Those questions and the consequences for a thereby affected party are the main subject of this thesis.
Galileis Fernrohr und das Menschen-Bild
Authors: Battaglia Denise
Published: May 2021

The new biotechnologies have triggered profound questions about what it means to be human, as the debates about ‘our’ image of humans show. How we deal with human life before birth or with individuals at the end of life affects our self-image. We have delegated these dilemmas to applied ethics, which, however, avoids anthropological questions. This book attempts to identify the crisis in our present self-understanding in the context of the last 500 years and scientific images of man. It shows that scientific anthropology has been determined by the medical profession since the beginning and is driven by technology—just like applied ethics today.
RNAi-Mediated Control of Lepidopteran Pests of Important Crop Plants
Authors: Saxena Shipra , Yogindran Sneha , Arya Manmohan , Sharma Yogita , Pal Singh Chandra
Published: May 2021

Insects as pests destroy annually an estimated 18–20% of the crop production worldwide. Caterpillars, the larval stage of moths, are the major pests of agricultural products owing to their voracious feeding habits. In the past few decades, the potent methods of insect control, such as insecticides and Bt toxins, have been constrained as a result of health hazards, environmental issues, and development of resistance, after their prolonged application. Thus, there is need to find alternative options to improve plant protection strategies. Recently, RNA interference (RNAi), the post-transcriptional gene-silencing mechanism, has emerged as one of such a novel, sustainable, and environment friendly approaches for insect management and crop protection. RNAi technology relies on selection of a vital insect pest target gene and its expression as a double stranded RNA or stem-loop RNA molecule, which is recognized by the host RNAi machinery and processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs). The siRNA/miRNA along with the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) binds to the complimentary mRNA and induce gene silencing at post-transcriptional level. With effective target-gene selection and transgenic plants expressing these precursor RNA molecules, insect pests of various crops have been efficiently managed. In this chapter, we discuss the basic mechanism of RNAi and its application in controlling lepidopteran pests of important crop plants.
Cytopathology Using High Resolution Digital Holographic Microscopy
Authors: Ahlawat Sarita , Sharma Purnima , Pandey Ankita , Bisht Durga , Jan Aanisa , Pant Apoorv , Malik Ritika , R. Mathur Sandeep , Agarwal Kiran , Singh Smita , Singh Meeta , Khare Kedar
Published: May 2021

We summarize a study involving simultaneous imaging of cervical cells from Pap-smear samples using bright-field and quantitative phase microscopy. The optimization approach to phase reconstruction used in our study enables full diffraction limited performance from single-shot holograms and is thus suitable for reducing cost of a quantitative phase microscope system. Over 48000 cervical cells from patient samples obtained from three clinical sites have been imaged in this study. The clinical sites used different sample preparation methodologies and the subjects represented a range of age groups and geographical diversity. Visual examination of quantitative phase images of cervical cell nuclei show distinct morphological features that we believe have not appeared in the prior literature. A PCA based analysis of numerical parameters derived from the bright-field and quantitative phase images of the cervical cells shows good separation of superficial, intermediate and abnormal cells. The distribution of phase based parameters of normal cells is also shown to be highly overlapping among different patients from the same clinical site, patients across different clinical sites and for two age groups (below and above 30 years), thus suggesting robustness and possibility of standardization of quantitative phase as an imaging modality for cell classification in future clinical usage.
Two-Component Systems in the Regulation of Sulfur and Ferrous Iron Oxidation in Acidophilic Bacteria
Authors: Li Lifeng , Wang Zhaobao
Published: May 2021

The two-component system (TCS) is a regulatory system composed of a sensor histidine kinase (HK) and a cytoplasmic response regulator (RR), which participates in the bacterial adaptation to external stimuli. Sulfur oxidation and ferrous iron oxidation are basic energy metabolism systems for chemoautotrophic acidophilic bacteria in acid mine environments. Understanding how these bacteria perceive and respond to complex environmental stimuli offers insights into oxidization mechanisms and the potential for improved applications. In this chapter, we summarized the TCSs involved in the regulation of sulfur and ferrous iron metabolic pathways in these acidophilic bacteria. In particular, we examined the role and molecular mechanism of these TCSs in the regulation of iron and sulfur oxidation in Acidithiobacillus spp.. Moreover, research perspectives on TCSs in acidophilic bacteria are discussed in this section.
Functionality Based Design of Sustainable Bio-Composite
Authors: Rajbanul Akhond MD , Sharif Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Bio-composites have diverse functional demands for many structural, electrical, electronic, and medical applications. An expansion of the composite functionality is achieved by manipulating the material and design scheme. Smart selection of matrix-reinforcement combinations will lead to applications that have never even been considered. Research holds a huge potential to create a wide variety of usable materials by mixing different fillers and modifying the parameters. Apart from selecting the polymer and the filler, the engineer will have to understand the compatibility of the polymer and the filler, dispersion, and bonding behavior making the design of polymer nanocomposite a rather complex system. In this chapter, we have tried to display different functional materials development pursuit.
Contribution of Topical Agents to Wound Healing
Authors: Voljč Tadej , Semenič Danijela
Published: May 2021

The process of wound healing is often accompanied by bacterial infection or critical colonization, which leads to an extension of the inflammatory response phase and delayed epithelization. In the review of scientific articles, we found the description and mode of action of topical antiseptic agents, including silver and sodium hypochlorite solution, to control the spread of microorganisms. The value of hyaluronic acid for wound healing is described. Furthermore, a novel treatment option with microspheres is mentioned. Attachment of cells to microspheres establishes a local cytokine response that acts anti-inflammatory, cell attachment results also in morphological and functional cell changes that reactivate healing.