bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression, Anxiety, and Traumatic Stress Symptoms among Emergency Service Workers in Finland after a Post-Critical Incident Seminar—A Pilot Study
Authors: Korpela Sanna , Nordquist Hilla
Published: January 2023

Emergency service workers encounter potentially traumatic incidents as part of their normal work duties. They are, therefore, at an increased risk of symptoms of poor mental health. In the past, post-critical incident seminars (PCIS) were offered to police officers in Finland who had suffered mental health consequences from a critical incident at work. Recently, the same seminar has been offered to emergency service workers in Finland. In this pilot study, the effects of PCIS on the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress are tentatively mapped using self-assessment inventories. Fifteen emergency service workers who attended a PCIS in April 2021 filled out the inventories at the beginning of the PCIS and one, three, and six months after the PCIS. All symptoms measured in this study (depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress) decreased after the PCIS, but the clearest decrease was observed in traumatic stress symptoms. Future similar research should use a control group and a larger sample, track mental health symptom scores over a longer period, and compare qualitative and quantitative data to contribute to a richer understanding of this issue.
Clonogenic Survival RBE Calculations in Carbon Ion Therapy: The Importance of the Absolute Values of α and β in the Photon Dose-Response Curve and a Strategy to Mitigate Their Anticorrelation
Authors: Parisi Alessio , Beltran Chris J. , Furutani Keith M.
Published: January 2023

The computation of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is a fundamental step in the planning of cancer radiotherapy treatments with accelerated ions. Numerical parameters derived analyzing the dose response of the chosen cell line after irradiation to photons (i.e., α and β, namely the linear and quadratic terms of the linear-quadratic model of cell survival) are generally used as input to biophysical models to predict the ion RBE. The α/β ratio for the photon exposure is generally regarded as an indicator of cell radiosensitivity. However, previous studies suggest that α/β might not be a sufficient parameter to model the RBE of relatively high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation such as carbon ions. For a fixed α/β, the effect of the absolute values of α and β on the computed RBE is underexplored. Furthermore, since α and β are anticorrelated during the fit of the photon-exposed in vitro survival data, different linear-quadratic fits could produce different sets of α and β, thus affecting the RBE calculations. This article reports the combined effect of the α/β ratio and the absolute values α and β on the RBE computed with the Mayo Clinic Florida microdosimetric kinetic model (MCF MKM) for 12C ions of different LET. Furthermore, we introduce a theory-based strategy to potentially mitigate the anticorrelation between α and β during the fit of the photon dose-response biological data.
A Brief Review: Advancement in the Synthesis of Amine through the Leuckart Reaction
Authors: Umar Qasim , Luo Mei
Published: January 2023

This review presents a summary of reactions that take place during the “Leuckart-type reaction”. The significance of, as well as recent advancements in, the synthesis of amines through simple and inexpensive methods using readily available raw materials is discussed. This review includes all catalytic and noncatalytic reactions that involve the Leuckart method. Recent studies have shown that at least a quarter of C–N bond-forming reactions in the pharmaceutical industry are occur with the support of reductive amination. Recently, experimental conditions have achieved excellent yields. The “Leuckart-type reaction” is technically associated with Eschweiler–Clarke methylation. Compounds are grouped in accordance with the precept of action. This includes drugs affecting the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract; anticancer drugs, antibiotics, antiviral and antifungal drugs; drugs affecting anxiety; convulsant, biotic, and HIV drugs; and antidiabetic drugs. Therefore, this review supports the development of the Leuckart-type preparation of nitrogenous compounds, as well as their advancement in other areas of human development.
Gold, Skin, and Body: Chinese Buddha Statues Are Constantly Being Shaped and Stripped
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Huang Xinyi
Published: January 2023

The brilliant effect of the Buddha not only strengthens Buddhist believers’ psychological effects of worship, consecration, and showing off of merits, but also becomes an important dissemination method to attract the public to join in. Starting from the golden skin of ancient Buddha statues, this paper analyzes the relevant historical documents and unearthed objects of gilded Buddha statues in ancient India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and China and pays attention to the body decoration and technology dissemination as well as the process and influence of Chinese localization. In traditional Buddhist culture, gold technology and its application have an important impact on artistic expression, appearance protection, and the psychology of Buddhist statues. In the Late Tang Dynasty, the government and Buddhism suffered conflicts between supply and demand due to gold resources. The forced stripping of gilded Buddha statues became a historical epitome reflecting the deep social and economic problems.
Against the New Logical Argument from Evil
Authors: Rubio Daniel
Published: January 2023

Jim Sterba’s Is a Good God Logically Possible? looks to resurrect J. L. Mackie’s logical argument from evil. Sterba accepts the general framework that theists seeking to give a theodicy have favored since Leibniz invented the term: the search for some greater good provided or greater evil averted that would justify God in permitting the type and variety of evil we actually observe. However, Sterba introduces a deontic twist, drawing on the Pauline Principle (let us not do evil that good may come) to introduce three deontic side constraints on God’s choice of action. He then splits the possible goods into four categories: first- vs. second-order goods, goods to which we have a right, and goods to which we do not have a right. He argues that his deontic constraints rule out each combination, thereby showing that no God-justifying good is on offer. To defuse the argument, I draw on a pair of ideas from Marilyn McCord Adams: (i) God is outside the bounds of morality, and (ii) God can defeat evils by incorporating them into an incommensurately valuable friendship with each human. Properly appreciated, these show that the new logical argument relies on a false premise that is not easily repaired.
The Week of Prayer for Christian Unity from a Romanian Orthodox Perspective: A Historical and Missiological Analysis of Common Prayer
Authors: Marcu Doru
Published: January 2023

Every year, the member Churches of the World Council of Churches (WCC) are called to actively participate in the meetings organized in the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity. From my perspective, these moments are an extraordinary opportunity to share in the richness of the Orthodox tradition, which means an act of confession and authentic witness. In the first part, I will present critically the canonical synthesis of the Orthodox, the concept of “Ecumenical Eucharist” and of Lima Liturgy, followed by the recommendations of the Special Commission for Orthodox participation in the WCC regarding confessional and interconfessional common prayer. Then, this article will make a historical presentation of the week of prayer. It is very important to know how this initiative started and how it was accepted at the beginning and over the years. At least in Romania, where we have an Orthodox majority, this week has become a controversial issue produced by those who are against ecumenical dialogue. A special attention is for the actual practice approved by the Romanian Patriarchate. Finally, the article will present the statements of the new Orthodox documents and it will end with some conclusions about this moment of common Christian witness.
Local Scheduling in KubeEdge-Based Edge Computing Environment
Authors: Kim Seong-Hyun , Kim Taehong
Published: January 2023

KubeEdge is an open-source platform that orchestrates containerized Internet of Things (IoT) application services in IoT edge computing environments. Based on Kubernetes, it supports heterogeneous IoT device protocols on edge nodes and provides various functions necessary to build edge computing infrastructure, such as network management between cloud and edge nodes. However, the resulting cloud-based systems are subject to several limitations. In this study, we evaluated the performance of KubeEdge in terms of the computational resource distribution and delay between edge nodes. We found that forwarding traffic between edge nodes degrades the throughput of clusters and causes service delay in edge computing environments. Based on these results, we proposed a local scheduling scheme that handles user traffic locally at each edge node. The performance evaluation results revealed that local scheduling outperforms the existing load-balancing algorithm in the edge computing environment.
Determination of Ultra-Trace Amounts of Copper in Environmental Water Samples by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Han Quan , Yang Xiaohui , Huo Yanyan , Lu Jiale , Liu Yaqi
Published: January 2023

A new method of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was proposed for the determination of ultra-trace copper. It was based on the reaction of Cu(II) with the laboratory-prepared chelating agent 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-dimethylaminoaniline (5-Br-PADMA) in a HAc-NaAc buffer solution at pH 5.0 to form stable hydrophobic chelates, which were separated and enriched by DLLME with chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl) and acetonitrile (CH3CN) as extraction and disperser solvents, respectively. The sedimented phase containing the chelates was then determined with GFAAS. Various operating variables that may be affected by the extraction process such as the pH of the solution, the concentration of the chelating agent 5-Br-PADMA, the types and volumes of extraction and disperser solvents, the extraction time, and the centrifugation time were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range from 0.02 ng/mL to 0.16 ng/mL of copper with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.9961, and the detection limit was 0.01 ng/mL based on 3Sb. The relative standard deviation for six replicate measurements of 0.05 ng /mL of copper was 3.9%. An enrichment factor (EF) of 110 was obtained. The method has the advantages of low detection limit, high sensitivity, simple operation, less consumption of organic solvents, higher enrichment factor, and environmental friendliness and was applied to the determination of trace copper in environmental water samples with satisfactory results.
Determinant Factors of Corporate Governance on Company Performance: Mediating Role of Capital Structure
Authors: Ria Ria
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of capital structure as mediating variable in the relationship between corporate governance and company performance. Data for this study was obtained from financial statements and was done in Indonesia’s non-financial sector. From among the companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2021, 15 companies were chosen as a sample. Findings show that corporate governance (board independence, board size, and audit committee) were significantly associated with capital structure and company performance, but gender diversity has an insignificant relationship with capital structure and company performance. Moreover, this research found that capital structure is not able to mediate the effect of corporate governance (board independence, board size, audit committee, and gender diversity) on company performance.
A Study on Temporal and Spatial Differences in Women’s Well-Being in an Ecologically Vulnerable Area in Northwest China
Authors: Ma Jinjing , Lei Min , Yu Huan , Li Rui
Published: January 2023

As an important driving force for economic development and social progress, women have become an important subject of well-being research. Human well-being is the state of physical and mental health as well as material affluence and includes a variety of factors, such as wealth, education, health, safety, amenities, way of life, and happiness. Based on the established research framework of the Women’s Development Index (WDI) in Northwest China, this paper first measured the objective well-being level of women in Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Xinjiang from 2003 to 2020 under the influence of ecological factors. In addition, spatial disaggregation and comparative analyses of the spatial imbalance of women’s well-being in Northwest China were carried out using the Theil index and Dagum Gini coefficient. The results show that (1) the WDI in ecologically vulnerable areas in Northwest China increased from 0.525 in 2003 to 0.690 in 2020, indicating an overall increase in well-being. (2) The WDI in the five provinces gradually increased with fluctuations. Among them, Shaanxi always remained in first place in terms of the WDI. (3) From 2003 to 2020, the spatial imbalance of women’s well-being as measured according to the WDI in Northwest China first increased and then decreased. However, the gap in women’s well-being in Northwest China was smaller than the economic gap. (4) From 2003 to 2020, the well-being gap measured by the WDI among the 10 groups of provinces in Northwest China gradually decreased, and the development gap between the provinces and Shaanxi was the largest.
Emotion Classification and Achievement of Students in Distance Learning Based on the Knowledge State Model
Authors: Huang Yahe , Bo Dongying
Published: January 2023

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, remote teaching methods have been widely adopted by schools. However, distance education can frequently lead to low student emotional engagement, which can not only cause learning burnout, but also weaken students’ interest in online learning. In view of the above problems, this study first proposed a learner knowledge state model that integrates learning emotions under the background of digital teaching to accurately describe the current learning state of students. Then, on the basis of the public face dataset lapa, we built an online multi-dimensional emotion classification model for students based on ResNet 18 neural network. Experiments showed that the method has an average recognition accuracy of 88.76% for the four cognitive emotions of joy, concentration, confusion, and boredom, among which the accuracy of joy and boredom is the highest, reaching 96.3% and 97.0% respectively. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between students’ emotional classification and grades in distance learning, and verified the effectiveness of the student’s emotional classification model in distance learning applications. In the context of digital teaching, this study provides technical support for distance learning emotion classification and learning early warning, and is of great significance to help teachers understand students’ emotional states in distance learning and promote students’ deep participation in the distance learning process.
Design of Tunnel Initial Support in Silty Clay Stratum Based on the Convergence-Confinement Method
Authors: Liu Keqi , Zhao Wen , Li Jiaxiang , Ding Wantao
Published: January 2023

The stress release ratio of the surrounding rock in tunnel excavation is one of the most important indicators that affect the stress distribution and displacement of the surrounding rock. To determine the variation law of the stress release ratio of the surrounding rock during excavation in silty clay stratum, the stress release law is determined based on the convergence–confinement method (CCM) and field test data. The stress release law of the surrounding rock under support is determined based on the displacement back analysis method. The permitted displacement safety factor of silty clay under different subgrade conditions and the optimal supporting time of the initial supporting structure are determined by comparing the stress release ratio with surrounding rock displacement. The results indicated that the stress release ratio of surrounding rock in the silty clay stratum is approximately 78–90% when the coordinate displacement of the supporting structure and surrounding rock is stable under the current excavation and support conditions. For the surrounding rock of subgrade V in the silty clay stratum, the safety factor of the permitted displacement in the tunnel vault is approximately 2.91, and the initial support should be carried out within 1 m behind the face advancing. For the surrounding rock of subgrade VI1, the safety factor of the permitted displacement is 1.40, and the initial support must be carried out 1 m ahead of the tunnel face. For the surrounding rock of grade VI2, the initial support must be carried out 4 m ahead of the tunnel face.
Philosophical Research on Enterprise Innovation Ecology Based on a Human–Computer Interaction Mental Model
Authors: Dong Yi
Published: January 2023

Enterprise innovation ecology plays a vital role in the operation and development of enterprises. It can enable enterprises to have benign and sustainable progress space in action. At the same time, it can also make the innovation ability of enterprises grow unprecedentedly, which is a crucial factor related to the survival and lifeline of enterprises. However, enterprise managers are often too immersed in concept innovation and structural optimization in the actual innovation and ecological construction of enterprises. Still, they do not pay attention to the problems in actual construction. This would cause the actual operation of the system to be restricted by key influencing factors such as environmental protection policies, making it difficult to achieve effective progress. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss the enterprise innovation ecological philosophy based on the human–computer interaction mental model. Therefore, this paper comprehensively considers four key factors that affect the construction of enterprise innovation ecology, namely, the promotion of enterprise technology, the competitiveness of enterprise market, the innovation characteristics of enterprises, and the environmental constraints of innovation ecology, and improves and perfects the innovation ecosystem from these factors. Finally, an efficient ecological model of enterprise innovation was designed, and the scientific construction was carried out through the human–computer interaction mental model combining human–computer interaction technology and cognitive psychology. At the same time, the model is applied to the actual enterprise operation, and the naive Bayesian algorithm is adopted to optimize the relevant performance of the algorithm model. The experimental results showed that the highest sample accuracy of the algorithm reaches 92.9%, which greatly improved the operation efficiency of enterprise innovation ecological construction.
Association of 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid Exposure during Pregnancy with Maternal Outcomes and Newborn Anthropometric Measures: Results from the IoMum Cohort Study
Authors: Guimarães Juliana , Bracchi Isabella , Pinheiro Cátia , Moreira Nara , Coelho Cláudia , Pestana Diogo , Prucha Maria , Martins Cristina , Domingues Valentina , Delerue-Matos Cristina , Dias Cláudia , Azevedo Luís , Calhau Conceição , Leite João , Ramalho Carla , Keating Elisa , Fernandes Virgínia
Published: January 2023

The aims of this study were to characterize the exposure of pregnant women living in Portugal to 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and to evaluate the association of this exposure with maternal outcomes and newborn anthropometric measures. We also aimed to compare exposure in summer with exposure in winter. Pregnant women attending ultrasound scans from April 2018 to April 2019 at a central hospital in Porto, Portugal, were invited to participate. Inclusion criteria were: gestational week between 10 and 13, confirmed fetal vitality, and a signature of informed consent. 3-PBA was measured in spot urine samples by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The median 3-PBA concentration was 0.263 (0.167; 0.458) µg/g creatinine (n = 145). 3-PBA excretion was negatively associated with maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.049), and it was higher during the summer when compared to winter (p < 0.001). The frequency of fish or yogurt consumption was associated positively with 3-PBA excretion, particularly during the winter (p = 0.002 and p = 0.015, respectively), when environmental exposure is low. Moreover, 3-PBA was associated with levothyroxine use (p = 0.01), a proxy for hypothyroidism, which could be due to a putative 3-PBA—thyroid hormone antagonistic effect. 3-PBA levels were not associated with the anthropometric measures of the newborn. In conclusion, pregnant women living in Portugal are exposed to 3-PBA, particularly during summer, and this exposure may be associated with maternal clinical features.
An Overview of Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Models for Forensic Science
Authors: Fairman Kiara , Choi Me-Kyoung , Gonnabathula Pavani , Lumen Annie , Worth Andrew , Paini Alicia , Li Miao
Published: January 2023

A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model represents the structural components of the body with physiologically relevant compartments connected via blood flow rates described by mathematical equations to determine drug disposition. PBPK models are used in the pharmaceutical sector for drug development, precision medicine, and the chemical industry to predict safe levels of exposure during the registration of chemical substances. However, one area of application where PBPK models have been scarcely used is forensic science. In this review, we give an overview of PBPK models successfully developed for several illicit drugs and environmental chemicals that could be applied for forensic interpretation, highlighting the gaps, uncertainties, and limitations.
Rationality of Prescriptions by Rational Use of Medicine Consensus Approach in Common Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Infections: An Outpatient Department Based Cross-Sectional Study from India
Authors: Chakraborty Debjit , Debnath Falguni , Kanungo Suman , Mukhopadhyay Sandip , Chakraborty Nabanita , Basu Rivu , Das Palash , Datta Kalpana , Ganguly Suman , Banerjee Prithwijit , Kshirsagar Nilima , Dutta Shanta
Published: January 2023

Background: Drug utilisation studies are relevant for the analysis of prescription rationality and are pertinent in today’s context of the increasing burden of antimicrobial resistance. Prescriptions for patients with diarrhoea or Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) have been analysed in this study to understand the prescription pattern among various categories of prescribers in two tertiary care centers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2019 to December 2020 in the medicine and pediatrics outpatient departments of two government teaching hospitals in West Bengal, India. A total of 630 prescriptions were evaluated against WHO standards. Prescriptions were assessed by a ‘Rational Use of Medicine Consensus committee’ approach. Results: The Fixed Dose Combination (FDC) was used in half of the patients (51%). Both the generic prescription (23.3%) and adherence to hospital formulary rates (36.5%) were low. The antibiotics prescription rate was high (57%), and it was higher for diarrhoea than ARI. Deviations from the standard treatment guidelines were found in 98.9% of prescriptions. Deviations were commonly found with prescriptions written by the junior doctors (99.6%). Conclusion: Irrational prescribing patterns prevail in tertiary care centers and indicate the necessity of awareness generation and capacity building among prescribers regarding AMR and its unseen consequences.
Gas and Stars in the Teacup Quasar Looking with the 6-m Telescope
Authors: Moiseev Alexei V. , Ikhsanova Alina I.
Published: January 2023

New results on the radio-quiet type 2 quasar, known as the Teacup galaxy (SDSSJ1430+1339), based on the long-slit and 3D spectroscopic data obtained at the Russian 6-m telescope, are presented. The ionized gas giant nebula, which extends up to r=56 kpc in the [O iii] emission line, was mapped with the scanning Fabry–Perot interferometer. The direct estimation of the emission line ratios confirmed that the giant nebula is ionized by the AGN. Stars in the inner r<5 kpc are significantly younger than the outer host galaxy and have a solar metallicity. The central starburst age (∼1 Gyr) agrees with possible ages for the galactic merger events and the previous episode of the quasar outflow produced two symmetric arcs visible in the [O iii] emission at the distances r= 50–55 kpc. The ionized gas velocity field can be fitted by the model of a circular rotating disk significantly inclined or even polar to the stellar host galaxy.
Mental Models for Assessing Impacts of Stormwater on Urban Social–Ecological Systems
Authors: O’Connor Caitlyn B. , Levin Phillip S.
Published: January 2023

Managing social–ecological systems that benefit both humans and nature is the central challenge of natural resource management. Integrating multiple perspectives into decision-making adds flexibility to social–ecological systems by reducing rigidity and promoting adaptability. Our objective was to assess expert perceptions of the structure, content, and function of the Puget Sound stormwater social–ecological system. We interviewed Puget Sound stormwater experts to document their mental models of the system and compared the network structure of expert maps. We also assessed differences among experts in the components of the social–ecological system which were included in mental models. Our analyses revealed differences between genders, as well as between managers, in how experts characterized the system. Notably, female participants tended to characterize the social–ecological system as one in which there were many system drivers generating multiple impacts across the system. The mental models of the scientists tended to include more resource units than those of the managers, which focused more on governance compared to those of the scientists. Finally, we incorporated the diverse input from mangers and scientists to create a single mental model to represent a consensus on the Puget Sound stormwater social–ecological system. This work highlights the fact that addressing the stormwater problem requires that we embrace the varied perspectives of scientists, managers, and stakeholders. We contend that incorporating the diverse perspectives of experts within the context of social–ecological systems provides a promising path towards a lasting and durable recovery for the ecosystem.
Death and Disability Reported with Cases of Vaccine Anaphylaxis Stratified by Administration Setting: An Analysis of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System from 2017 to 2022
Authors: Klosko Rachel C. , Lynch Sarah E. , Cabral Danielle L. , Nagaraju Kanneboyina , Johnston Yvonne A. , Steinberg Joshua D. , McCall Kenneth L.
Published: January 2023

The serious nature of post-vaccination anaphylaxis requires healthcare professionals to be adequately trained to respond to these hypersensitivity emergencies. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes reported with cases of vaccine anaphylaxis stratified by administration setting. We queried reports in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database from 2017 to 2022 and identified cases involving anaphylaxis with an onset within one day of vaccine administration. The primary outcome was the combined prevalence of death or disability for each setting while the secondary outcome was the prevalence of hospitalization. Adjusted (age, sex, prior history of allergy, vaccine type) odds ratios (aOR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression analysis. A total of 2041 cases of anaphylaxis comprised the primary study cohort with representation in the sample from all 50 US states and the District of Columbia. The mean age was 43.3 ± 17.5 years, and most cases involved women (79.9%). Cases of anaphylaxis were reported after receiving a coronavirus vaccine (85.2%), influenza vaccine (5.9%), tetanus vaccine (2.2%), zoster vaccine (1.6%), measles vaccine (0.7%), and other vaccine (4.5%). Outcomes associated with reports of vaccine anaphylaxis included 35 cases of death and disability and 219 hospitalizations. Compared with all other settings, the aOR of death and disability when anaphylaxis occurred was 1.92 (95% CI, 0.86–4.54) in a medical provider’s office, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.26–2.43) in a pharmacy and 1.01 (95% CI, 0.15–3.94) in a public health clinic. Compared with all other settings, the aOR of hospitalization when anaphylaxis occurred was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.71–1.47) in a medical provider’s office, 1.06 (95% CI, 0.72–1.54) in a pharmacy, and 1.12 (95% CI, 0.61–1.93) in a public health clinic. An analysis of a national database across six years revealed no significant differences in the odds of death/disability and odds of hospitalization associated with post-vaccination anaphylaxis in the medical office, pharmacy, and public health clinic compared with all other settings. This study expands our understanding of the safety of immunization services and reinforces that all settings must be prepared to respond to such an emergency.
Vaccine Communication: Appeals and Messengers Most Effective for COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in Ukraine
Authors: Schulz Gretchen , Balgobin Kristian , Michel Alexandra , Limaye Rupali J.
Published: January 2023

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine communication has been a challenge, particularly as some populations may be highly distrustful of information from public health or government institutions. To better understand the different communication needs in Ukraine, an online survey panel of 168 Ukrainian participants viewed six COVID-19 vaccination ads with three variations on vaccine messaging appeals (potential economic impacts of COVID-19 infection COVID-19 disease outcomes, and social norms related to vaccination) and two different messengers (a peer or a health provider). The ad featuring a health outcome appeal delivered by a healthcare provider was most favored (n = 53, 31.6%); however, across demographic categories, including vaccine hesitancy categories, participants expressed high levels of approval for all six variations of the COVID-19 vaccine ads. When participants ranked reasons why someone may not accept the COVID-19 vaccine, the most prevalent beliefs identified were that the vaccine was not safe, and that the vaccine was not effective. Findings from this study suggest that vaccine appeals focused on health outcomes delivered by healthcare providers are preferred by most individuals in Ukraine; however, individuals are motivated by a myriad of factors suggesting that for vaccine messaging to be most effective, communication should be varied in both appeal and messenger.
A Systematic Review on the Safety and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines Approved in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhandod Thekra Ali , Rabbani Syed Imam , Almuqbil Mansour , Alshehri Sultan , Hussain Syed Arif , Alomar Nasser Fawzan , Mir Manzoor Ahmad , Asdaq Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive safety and efficacy studies of COVID-19 vaccines might reduce the apprehension of the general population about the adverse reactions and duration of protection offered by them. The study aimed to conduct a systemic review on the four COVID-19 vaccines (AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna, and Janssen) approved in Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted by reviewing the published articles from electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science using the search terms “COVID-19”, “Vaccine”, “Safety”, “Efficacy” and “Human trials” and as per the standard guidelines for systemic review. The review analyzed eighteen articles and the data from them were evaluated to analyze the safety and efficacy of the vaccines in different groups of population such as males, females, those above 18 years and people with co-morbidities. The common local reactions observed after vaccination were pain at the site of injection (40–70%), redness (16–30%), swelling (18–39%) and tenderness (20–40%). The systemic reactions reported were fever (40–60%), chills (12–23%), fatigue (44–65%), headache (30–42%) and muscle pain (15–40%). The efficacy was observed to be above the threshold value (60%) stipulated by the WHO. However, precautions need to be followed while vaccinating special groups of population such as those that are pregnant, lactating or experiencing severe illness. Additionally, the rare and serious adverse events reported remotely after vaccination need more studies.
Development of an Antigen Detection Kit Capable of Discriminating the Omicron Mutants of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Li Jiaji , Shi Jinrong , Zhou Zhijun , Yang Bo , Cao Jiamin , Cao Zhongsen , Zeng Qiang , Hu Zheng , Yang Xiaoming
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread around the world, caused millions of deaths and a severe illness which poses a serious threat to human health. Objective: To develop an antigen detection kit that can identify Omicron novel coronavirus mutants. Methods: BALB/c mice were immunized with the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron mutant treated with β-propiolactone. After fusion of myeloma cells with immune cells, Elisa was used to screen the cell lines capable of producing monoclonal antibodies. The detection kit was prepared by colloidal gold immunochromatography. Finally, the sensitivity, specificity and anti-interference of the kit were evaluated by simulating positive samples. Results: The sensitivity of the SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection kit can reach 62.5 TCID50/mL, and it has good inclusiveness for different SARS-CoV-2 strains. The kit had no cross-reaction with common respiratory pathogens, and its sensitivity was still not affected under the action of different concentrations of interferences, indicating that it had good specificity and stability. Conclusion: In this study, monoclonal antibodies with high specificity to the N protein of the Omicron mutant strain were obtained by monoclonal antibody screening technology. Colloidal gold immunochromatography technology was used to prepare an antigen detection kit with high sensitivity to detect and identify the mutant Omicron strain.
Efficacy of Oral Rabies Vaccine Baits Containing SPBN GASGAS in Domestic Dogs According to International Standards
Authors: Bobe Katharina , Ortmann Steffen , Kaiser Christian , Perez-Bravo David , Gethmann Jörn , Kliemt Jeannette , Körner Sophia , Theuß Tobias , Lindner Thomas , Freuling Conrad , Müller Thomas , Vos Ad
Published: January 2023

(1) Background: The oral vaccination of free-roaming dogs against rabies has been developed as a promising complementary tool for mass dog vaccination. However, no oral rabies vaccine has provided efficacy data in dogs according to international standards. (2) Methods: To test the immunogenicity and efficacy of the third-generation oral rabies virus vaccine strain, SPBN GASGAS, in domestic dogs, dogs were offered an egg-flavoured bait containing 3.0 mL of the vaccine (107.5 FFU/mL) or a placebo egg-flavoured bait. Subsequently, these 25 vaccinated and 10 control animals were challenged approximately 6 months later with a dog rabies virus isolate. Blood samples were collected at different time points postvaccination and examined by ELISA and RFFIT. (3) Results: All but 1 of the 25 vaccinated dogs survived the challenge infection; meanwhile, all 10 control dogs succumbed to rabies. The serology results showed that all 25 vaccinated dogs seroconverted in ELISA (>40% PB); meanwhile, only 13 of the 25 vaccinated dogs tested seropositive ≥ 0.5 IU/mL) in RFFIT. (4) Conclusions: The SPBN GASGAS rabies virus vaccine meets the efficacy requirements for live oral rabies vaccines as laid down by the European Pharmacopoeia and the WOAH Terrestrial Manual. SPBN GASGAS already fulfilled the safety requirements for oral rabies vaccines targeted at dogs. Hence, the egg-flavoured bait containing SPBN GASGAS is the first oral vaccine bait that complies with WOAH recommendations for the intended use of oral vaccination of free-roaming dogs against rabies.
Vehicle Directional Cosine Calculation Method
Authors: Hall Derek , Sands Timothy
Published: January 2023

Teaching kinematic rotations is a daunting task for even some of the most advanced mathematical minds. However, changing the paradigm can highly simplify envisioning and explaining the three-dimensional rotations. This paradigm change allows a high school student with an understanding of geometry to develop the matrix and explain the rotations at a collegiate level. The proposed method includes the assumption of a point (P) within the initial three-dimensional frame with axes (x^i, y^i, z^i). The method then utilizes a two-dimensional rotation view (2DRV) to measure how the coordinates of point P translate after a rotation around the initial axis. The equations are used in matrix notation to develop a rotation matrix for follow-on direction cosine matrixes. The method removes the requirement to use Euler’s formula, ultimately, providing a high school student with an elementary and repeatable process to compose and explain kinematic rotations, which are critical to attitude direction control systems commonly found in vehicles.
The Chakkar - The Decline That Wasn't
Authors: Fernandes Joshua
Published: January 2023

Popular historian Sanjeev Sanyal pushed the account of India’s intellectual decline post the Islamic conquests. In his research essay, Joshua Fernandes challenges Sanyal’s stance by presenting a connected history through a survey of Sino-Tibetan literature.
Yabancı Uyruklu Öğrencilerin Okula Uyum Süreçlerine İlişkin Yönetici ve Öğretmen Görüşleri
Authors: ÖNER Galip , DUR Hacer
Published: January 2023

Türkiye bulunduğu coğrafya itibariyle birtakım jeopolitik avantajlara sahip olsa da bölgedeki devletlerin siyasi istikrarsızlıkları nedeniyle çeşitli sorunlarla sıklıkla karşılaşabilmektedir. Suriye’de çıkan iç savaş nedeniyle Mart 2011’den itibaren Türkiye’ye yönelik gerçekleştirilen kitlesel göçler buna örnek olarak gösterilebilir. Bu göçler neticesinde Türkiye’de geçici koruma altındaki yabancı uyruklu sayısı, 2021 itibariyle, yaklaşık beş milyona ulaşmış durumdadır. Birleşmiş Milletler Mülteciler Yüksek Komiserliği (BMMYK) verilerine göre Türkiye dünya çapında en fazla mülteci ve sığınmacı barındıran ülkelerin başında gelmektedir. Bu mülteci ve sığınmacıların önemli bir bölümünü ise okul çağındaki çocuklar oluşturmaktadır. Son 10 yılda yabancı uyruklu ailelere ve öğrencilere yönelik çalışmalar gerçekleştirilse de hala bazı problemlerin devam ettiği görülmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı okul idarecilerinin ve öğretmenlerin deneyimlerinden hareketle yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin okula uyum problemlerine ve bu problemlere yönelik çözüm önerilerine ilişkin düşüncelerini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan fenomenoloji kullanılmıştır. Fenomenoloji çalışmalarının amacı, belirli bir fenomeni deneyimleyen bireylerin deneyimlerini anlamak ve anlamlandırmaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Kayseri İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı ortaokullarda görev yapmakta olan 17 öğretmen (Fen Bilimleri, Matematik, Sosyal Bilgiler ve Türkçe) ile farklı okullarda görev yapan 7 okul yöneticisi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma grubunun belirlenmesinde ölçüt örnekleme yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Katılımcılar yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin bulunduğu okullar ve sınıflarda görev yapan öğretmenler arasından seçilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerden yararlanılmıştır. Veriler nitel veri analiz tekniklerinden biri olan betimsel ve içerik analiziyle çözümlenmiştir. Bulgular bütüncül bir betimlemeyle yorumlanmış ve katılımcılardan edinilen doğrudan alıntılarla desteklenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmenlerin öğretim programlarının yabancı uyruklu öğrencilere uygun olmadığını, sınıf içi iletişimde yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin sorunlar yaşadıklarını düşündükleri ve velileri öğretim sürecine dâhil edemedikleri tespit edilmiştir. Genel olarak yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin yaşadıkları başlıca problemlerin ise dil, dışlanma, devamsızlık, ailevi ve maddi sorunlar olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Maddenin Yapısı ve Özellikleri Konusunda Başarı Testi Geliştirme: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: KÖROĞLU Merve Nur , KARACA Melek , BEKTAS Oktay
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı yedinci sınıf “Maddenin Yapısı ve Özellikleri” konusunda geçerli ve güvenilir bir başarı testi geliştirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda konu ile ilgili kazanımlara uygun, alanyazına dayalı 23 çoktan seçmeli sorudan oluşan başarı testi hazırlanmıştır. Bu sorular, ortaöğretim sınavlarındaki çıkmış sorularından ve geçerli, güvenilir başarı testi çalışmalarından yola çıkarak hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan sorulardan elde edilen taslak başarı testi 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim bahar yarıyılında Kayseri ili Melikgazi ilçesinde yedinci sınıfa devam etmekte olan 268 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Mevcut çalışma, nicel araştırma yönteminin tarama desenine dayalı yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 25 ve “factor 11.04.02” programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Klasik test teorisi rehber alınarak oluşturulan başarı testinin kapsam geçerliğinde Bloom’un bilişsel alan taksonomisi basamakları dikkate alınmış, sorular alanında uzman kişilerin kontrolüne sunulmuştur. Testin normal dağılım varsayımlarına bakılıp, yapı geçerliği için, açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri yürütülmüştür. Yapılan analizler sonucunda testten elde edilen puanların KR-20 güvenirlik katsayısı 0,86 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak “Maddenin Yapısı ve Özellikleri” konusunda geçerli ve güvenilir bir başarı testi elde edilmiştir.
The correlation between central blood pressure and carotid intima
media thickness in the hypertensives
Authors: Le Phuoc Hoang , Huynh Van Minh , Hoang Anh Tien , Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao , Nguyen Gia Binh
Published: January 2023

Objectives: The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship and correlation between central
blood pressure and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in the hypertensives. Subjects - Methods: A descriptive
cross-sectional study compared a control group in 210 study subjects (including 105 hypertensives and 105
normotensives). Results: There was a statistically significant positive correlation with moderate level between
peripheral systolic blood pressure, central systolic blood pressure, peripheral pulse pressure, central pulse
pressure and carotid intima media thickness (r was equal to 0.402, 0.436, 0.368, 0.421 respectively, p<
0.001). Central pulse pressure had a weak ability to delineate in the diagnosis of carotid intima-media damage
in the hypertensives, AUC = 0.649, p < 0.05. CIMT (R2: 22,4%) = 0.289 – 0.094*(Gender) + 0.004*(Age) +
0.004*(Central mean blood pressure) + 0.005*(Central pulse pressure). Conclusions: Central blood pressure
was correlated with carotid intima media thickness in hypertensive patients.
Key words: central blood pressure, pulse pressure, carotid intima media thickness
National Land Cover Database 2019: A Comprehensive Strategy for Creating the 1986–2019 Forest Disturbance Product
Authors: Jin Suming , Dewitz Jon , Li Congcong , Sorenson Daniel , Zhu Zhe , Shogib Md Rakibul Islam , Danielson Patrick , Granneman Brian , Costello Catherine , Case Adam , Gass Leila
Published: January 2023

The National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2016 products show that, between 2001 and 2016, nearly half of the land cover change in the conterminous United States (CONUS) involved forested areas. To ensure the quality of NLCD land cover and land cover change products, it is important to accurately detect the location and time of forest disturbance. We designed a comprehensive strategy to integrate a continuous time series forest change detection method and a discrete 2-date forest change detection method to produce the NLCD 1986–2019 forest disturbance product, which shows the most recent forest disturbance date between the years 1986 and 2019 for every 2- to 3-year interval. This method, the Time-Series method Using Normalized Spectral Distance (NSD) index (TSUN), uses NSD to detect multi-date forest land cover changes and was shown to be easily extended to a new date even when new images were processed in a different way than previous date images. The discrete 2-date method uses the Multi-Index Integrated Change Analysis (MIICA) method to detect changes between 2-date images. A method based on confidence and object grouping was designed to combine the multiple MIICA outputs to improve change detection accuracy. Finally, an aggregation scheme was implemented to combine the TSUN output, the integrated MIICA results, and ancillary data to produce the NLCD 2019 forest disturbance 1986–2019 product. The initial accuracy assessments from 1,600 samples over 4 Landsat path/rows show that the producer’s and user’s accuracies of the 2001–2019 forest disturbance map are 76% and 74%, respectively. The final CONUS-wide forest disturbance product is provided at
https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd-2019-science-research-products
.
RESEARCH OF THE MINERAL NATURAL RESOURCE CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Саламанова М. Ш. , Нахаев М. Р. , Муртазаева Т. С-А.
Published: January 2023

При всей значимости гидравлического портландцемента всемирная федерация Central Pollution Control Board относит карбонатную технологию к категории экологически вредных и опасных для окружающей среды. Обоснованием указанных доводов служат многие факторы, такие как крупно-масштабная добыча исчерпаемого природного ресурса, высокотемпературная обработка которого приводит к выбросам потенциально опасных для здоровья ультрадисперсной аспирационной и клинкерной пыли, углекислоты, сернистых соединений, тяжелых металлов, диоксинов и др. Снижение доли клинкера в составе вяжущего позволит создавать многокомпонентные цементные системы с использованием минеральных порошков, подвергнутых механо- или механохимической активации, что требует глубокого исследования их природы, условий формирования, обменной емкости и свойств в целом.

Despite the importance of hydraulic Portland cement, the global federation Central Pollution Control Board classifies carbonate technology as environmentally harmful and hazardous to the environment. These arguments are substantiated by many factors, such as large-scale mining of an exhaustible natural resource, the high-temperature processing of which leads to emissions of potentially hazardous ultrafine aspiration and clinker dust, carbon dioxide, sulfur compounds, heavy metals, dioxins, etc. Reducing the proportion of clinker in the binder composition will make it possible to create multicomponent cement systems using mineral powders subjected to mechanical or mechanochemical activation, which requires a deep study of their nature, formation conditions, exchange capacity and properties in general.