bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ГИНЕЦЕЯ У BUDDLEJA DAVIDII (BUDDLEJACEAE), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ШАМРОВ И.И.
Published: November 2019

Гинецей Buddleja davidii (Buddlejaceae) изменяется в ходе развития. Уже на самых ранних стадиях (во время дифференциации плацент) нижняя и средняя части завязи представлены синасцидиатной зоной. Верхняя часть завязи образована открытой симпликатной зоной. Дистальную часть гинецея составляют лопасти рыльца и столбик с чертами ранней специализации. В дальнейшем происходит усложнение в строении симпликатной зоны, которая к моменту опыления становится закрытой. В завязи формируются септы трех разновидностей: базальная, медианная и апикальная. Семязачатки располагаются со смещением на наружных и внутренних ветвях угловых плацент, при этом их положение в завязи изменяется с трансверсального на продольное. На полюсах завязи плаценты оказываются стерильными. Образующиеся здесь свободные пространства заполняются семязачатками нижнего и верхнего ярусов. В дистальной области синасцидиатной зоны плаценты становятся составными медианными за счет сближения индивидуальных угловых плацент. Несмотря на различное функционирование, на поверхности как фертильных, так и стерильных плацент на всем протяжении завязи дифференцируются плацентарные обтураторы. Для гинецея характерно сочетание центрально-осевой и транссептальной иннервации семязачатков. Периферические (латеральные и медианные дорсальные) проводящие пучки проходят в стенке завязи и оканчиваются в столбике. Латеральные пучки доходят до средины столбика, а дорсальные - до лопастей рыльца. Центрально-осевая иннервация семязачатков характерна для синасцидиатной (возникает сложный амфикрибральный проводящий пучок в результате объединения 4 вентральных пучков) и нижней области симпликатной (вентральные проводящие пучки каждого плодолистика попарно объединяются в гомокарпеллятные пучки) зон. В средней и верхней областях симпликатной зоны наблюдается транссептальная иннервация верхнего ряда семязачатков. От латеральных периферических пучков отходят ответвления, проходящие от стенки завязи через септы в плаценты с образованием гетерокарпеллятных вентральных пучков. Таким образом, гинецей B. davidii развивается в рамках синкарпного типа, а наличие медианных септ на всем протяжении завязи позволяет его рассматривать в рамках типовой вариации. Обсуждаются черты сходства и различия в строении гинецея в сем. Buddlejaceae и возможных родственных семействах Scrophulariaceae, Orobanchaceae и Gesneriaceae, относящихся к порядку Scrophulariales.
ВУЛКАНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРИРОДА ТУНГУССКОГО ВЗРЫВА 1908 Г. И ЕГО ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ДЛЯ ПОНИМАНИЯ ИСТОРИИ РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЛАНДШАФТОВ СРЕДНЕЙ СИБИРИ РОССИИ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: СНИГИРЕВСКАЯ Н.С.
Published: November 2019

Поводом для предлагаемой статьи стали очередные высказывания о масштабах разрушительного действия падающих на поверхность Земли болидов, сравниваемых с так называемым Тунгусским «метеоритом». Уже в течение 100 лет эта ошибочная идея о природе взрыва, ставшего знаменитым, доминирует в умах мировой общественности, индуцируя страх и необходимость защиты от неконтролируемого разрушения нашей Планеты пришельцами из космоса. Научная расшифровка этого феномена является одним из важнейших открытий XXI в., так как напоминает человечеству об активных эндогенных процессах нашей «живой» Планеты и одновременно избавляет его в дальнейшем от пустых затрат!
О РАСПРОСТАНЕНИИ LEMNA MINOR (LEMNACEAE) В МУРМАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: КИРИЛЛОВА Н.Р.
Published: November 2019

Приведены сведения о распространении в Мурманской обл. Lemna minor. Дана характеристика нового местонахождения, описаны особенности биотопа.
СИСТЕМА РОДА MERTENSIA (BORAGINACEAE), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: НИКИФОРОВА О.Д.
Published: November 2019

Приведена система рода Mertensia Roth, включающая 45 видов из двух подродов и 4 секций. Из них в Азии произрастает 15, а в Северной Америке около 30 видов, которые представлены внетропическими, горными, лесными, лугово-степными и литоральными видами. Описаны две секции, 6 подсекций и 7 рядов и установлена новая комбинация в ранге подрода.
РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ПРИМОРСКИХ МАРШЕЙ ПОБЕРЕЖЬЯ ЗАЛИВА КОРФА (ОЛЮТОРСКИЙ РАЙОН КАМЧАТСКОГО КРАЯ), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: НЕШАТАЕВА В.Ю. , НЕШАТАЕВ В.Ю. , КОРАБЛЕВ А.П. , КУЗЬМИНА Е.Ю.
Published: November 2019

Приведены результаты исследований приморской галофитной растительности побережья залива Корфа (Олюторский р-н Камчатского края), дана геоботаническая характеристика основных ассоциаций маршевых лугов, их экологической приуроченности и географического распространения. С использованием статистических методов разработана эколого-фитоценотическая классификация растительности. Сообщества приморских маршей отнесены к 12 ассоциациям и 10 формациям. Дана краткая характеристика выделенных ассоциаций. Проведен сравнительный анализ классификационных единиц с синтаксонами эколого-флористической классификации. Показано, что в данном случае результаты обеих классификаций во многом совпадают, так как фитоценозы приморских маршей характеризуются монодоминантностью и бедным флористическим составом.
ОНТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭКОЛОГИИ МЕСТООБИТАНИЙ CRANIOSPERMUM SUBVILLOSUM (BORAGINACEAE) НА ВОСТОЧНОМ ПОБЕРЕЖЬЕ ОЗЕРА БАЙКАЛ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: САНДАНОВ Д.В. , БУДАЕВА С.Б. , АЛЫМБАЕВА Ж.Б.
Published: November 2019

Изучена онтогенетическая структура Craniospermum subvillosum в 6 ценопопуляциях на восточном побережье оз. Байкал. Дана характеристика растительных сообществ с участием C. subvillosum и определены особенности экологии основных местообитаний. Представлена динамика численности ценопопуляций вида в различные годы в связи с погодными условиями конкретного года. В заключении приведены практические рекомендации по охране вида.
НОВЫЕ СВЕДЕНИЯ О РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИИ И ЭКОЛОГИИ CROCUS RETICULATUS (IRIDACEAE) В СРЕДНЕЙ ПОЛОСЕ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ РОССИИ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ГРИГОРЬЕВСКАЯ А.Я. , ГУСЕВ А.В. , СЕРГЕЕВ Д.Ю. , ВЛАДИМИРОВ Д.Р. , ЕРМАКОВА Е.И. , ЗУЕВА Н.Д.
Published: November 2019

Сообщается о новых местонахождениях Crocus reticulatus в Воронежской и Белгородской областях с описанием экологических условий. Даются рекомендации по режимам природопользования в целях сохранения популяций.
ЗАМЕТКИ О ВОДНЫХ И ПРИБРЕЖНО-ВОДНЫХ СОСУДИСТЫХ РАСТЕНИЯХ КАМЧАТКИ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: БОБРОВ А.А. , МОЧАЛОВА О.А. , ЧЕМЕРИС Е.В.
Published: November 2019

Сообщается о находках Acorus calamus, Callitriche subanceps, Glyceria notata, Juncus gracillimus, Rorippa sylvestris, Zannichellia pedunculata - новых для флоры Камчатского края водных и прибрежно-водных сосудистых растениях. Приведены новые данные о 8 редких охраняемых видах в регионе ( Ceratophyllum demersum, Chrysosplenium rimosum, Elatine orthosperma, Myriophyllum ussuriense, Nymphaea tetragona, Spirodela polyrhiza, Torreyochloa natans, Zannichellia komarovii) и новые местонахождения для 7 видов по районам края ( Arctophila fulva, Callitriche hermaphroditica, Ruppia occidentalis, Sagittaria natans, Subularia aquatica, Utricularia minor, Zannichellia repens). Сделаны критические заметки о родах Batrachium, Lemna, Potamogeton, Sparganium на Камчатке. В результате уточнен их состав и распространение. Впервые отмечаются в регионе Batrachium ashibetsuense, B. yezoense, Potamogeton X nitens (P. gramineus X P. perfoliatus), Sparganium X longifolium (S. emersum X S. gramineum), S. X speirocephalum (S. angustifolium X S. gramineum). Для многих ранее известных видов из этих родов приводятся многочисленные новые местонахождения.
ПРОБЛЕМА СОСУЩЕСТВОВАНИЯ ВИДОВ В РАСТИТЕЛЬНОМ СООБЩЕСТВЕ (ОБЗОР СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ИНОСТРАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ВАСИЛЕВИЧ В.И.
Published: November 2019

Для объяснения существования многовидовых растительных сообществ привлекают две взаимоисключающие гипотезы. Индивидуалистическая гипотеза исходит из того, что все виды имеют разные экологические амплитуды. Вторая, нейтральная, гипотеза предполагает все виды экологически эквивалентными и одинаково конкурентоспособными, они различаются только возможностями распространения и семенной продуктивностью. Внутривидовая конкуренция во многих случаях не более напряженная, чем межвидовая, что подтверждает экологическую эквивалентность видов. Смешанные посадки нередко дают более высокий урожай, что свидетельствует об экологической дополнительности, дифференциации ниш. Отношения благоприятствования способствуют сосуществованию. Видовое разнообразие сообществ определяется емкостью местообитания и взаимодействиями растений. Высокая выравненность отражает экологическую эквивалентность видов, а функциональное разнообразие - дифференциацию их экологических ниш.
ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ НЕФТЯНОЙ ПЛЕНКИ НА ФОТОСИНТЕЗ БУРЫХ ВОДОРОСЛЕЙ БАРЕНЦЕВА МОРЯ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: СТЕПАНЬЯН О.В.
Published: November 2019

В полевых экспериментах на литорали Баренцева моря изучено влияние пленки нефти на фотосинтез и дыхание массовых видов бурых водорослей ( Fucus vesiculosus, F. distichus, Ascophyllum nodosum, Laminaria saccharina). Показано, что водоросли в первые часы воздействия нефтяной пленки продолжают поддерживать свою функциональную активность, полусуточный ход фотосинтеза и дыхания остается выраженным и неизменным.
НОВЫЙ ВИД РОДА TULIPA СЕКЦИИ ERIOSTEMONES ИЗ СТАВРОПОЛЬСКОГО КРАЯ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: СТЕПАНОВА Н.Ю.
Published: November 2019

Приводится описание нового вида Tulipa narcissicum N. Yu. Stepanova из секции Eriostemones (Boiss.) Engl. из Предкавказья.
О НОВЫХ НАХОДКАХ И МЕСТООБИТАНИЯХ LISTERA CORDATA (ORCHIDACEAE) НА ЮГЕ МАГАДАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: МОСКАЛЮК Т.А. , ДОКУЧАЕВА В.Б.
Published: November 2019

Приведены новые данные о находках Listera cordata (L.) R. Br. в материковой части юга Магаданской обл.(Северное Приохотье). Описаны типы леса и микрогруппировки напочвенного покрова, в которых найдены ценопопуляции вида.
НЕОБХОДИМОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЗНАНИЙ О СТРОЕНИИ И РАЗВИТИИ КРОНЫ ДЕРЕВЬЕВ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ И ПРИКЛАДНЫХ РАЗДЕЛАХ ГЕОБОТАНИКИ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: АНТОНОВА И.С. , ФАТЬЯНОВА Е.В.
Published: November 2019

Рассматриваются возможности использования знаний о строении и развитии кроны деревьев умеренной зоны. Обсуждается использование биоморфологических данных в решении задач экологии сообществ, фитоценологии, лесоведении и лесоводстве, экологии растений городской среды, моделировании особей, пологов и сообществ, что может служить полезным источником новой информации.
ПАЛИНОМОРФОЛОГИЯ ДИКИХ ВИДОВ И ФОРМ ЯБЛОНИ (MALUS, ROSACEAE), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ПОЛЕВОВА С.В. , КОСЕНКО Я.В. , ЛЕУНОВА В.М. , РОМАНОВА Е.С. , СЕВЕРОВА Е.Э. , ТЕКЛЁВА М.В.
Published: November 2019

Изучены пыльцевые зерна 41 вида и формы яблони. Выделены 7 палинотипов по результатам световой микроскопии и 6 типов скульптуры с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа. Палинотипы комбинируются с типами скульптуры во всех возможных сочетаниях и плохо согласуются с различными вариантами классификаций видов и форм яблонь. Плоидность изученных образцов коррелирует с линейными размерами пыльцевых зерен. Обнаружены и описаны дефектные пыльцевые зерна, встречающиеся в нескольких образцах. Аномалии могут быть трех разных направлений: отклонения в размерах пыльцевых зерен, отклонения в количестве и расположении борозд или слитнобороздность и нераспадение тетрад. Наиболее распространенными аберрантными формами были нерасхождение микроспор в тетрадах и слитнобороздность. При этом происходило изменение толщины спородермы и в не разошедшихся тетрадах очень тонкой была спородерма на дистальных полюсах микроспор.
БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ SCORZONERA GLABRA (ASTERACEAE) В ЧЕЛЯБИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ЛЕСИНА С.А. , КОРОТЕЕВА Е.В.
Published: November 2019

Проведено сравнительное исследование ценопопуляций редкого реликтового вида Scorzonera glabra в пределах его естественных и техногенно-нарушенных местообитаний на территории Челябинской обл. Изучены особенности онтогенеза вида, изменчивость его морфологических признаков и зависимость демографических показателей 4 ценопопуляций от экотопических свойств местообитаний. Установлено, что в естественных местообитаниях S. glabra произрастает в виде изолированных малочисленных ценопопуляций, в отличие от техногенно-трансформированных местообитаний, где вид является главным ценозообразователем.
О НОВЫХ ПОДТРИБАХ ТРИБЫ ANGYLOCALYCEAE (FABACEAE, PAPILIONOIDEAE), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ПОВЫДЫШ М.Н. , ГОНЧАРОВ М.Ю.
Published: November 2019

Дана краткая характеристика трибы Angylocalyceae. На основании морфологических и молекулярных данных показана целесообразность выделения из трибы двух подтриб: Angylocalycinae и Castanosperminae. Приведены ключи-определители для подтриб и родов, входящих в трибу.
ДОПОЛНЕНИЯ К ФЛОРЕ ДАГЕСТАНА, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: МУХУМАЕВА П.О. , ХИЗРИЕВА А.И. , АДЖИЕВА А.И.
Published: November 2019

Приводятся новые местонахождения видов флоры Дагестана, а также новые виды для территории республики.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome: a review
Authors: Amaro David , Carreño Ester , Steeples Laura R. , Oliveira-Ramos Filipa , Marques-Neves Carlos , Leal Inês
Published: November 2019

Inflammation of renal interstitium and uveal tissue establishes the two components of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome. Although believed to occur more frequently in young females, a broad spectrum of patients can be affected. Both renal and eye disease can be asymptomatic and may not manifest simultaneously, having independent progressions. Renal disease manifests as acute kidney injury and may cause permanent renal impairment. Eye inflammation can manifest in different anatomical forms, most commonly as bilateral anterior uveitis and may progress to a chronic course. TINU syndrome accounts for approximately 1%–2% of uveitis in tertiary referral centres. A literature review covering the clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment is presented.
Clinical pathways on a mobile device
Authors: Barrett John , Turner Barbara , Silva Susan , Zychowicz Michael
Published: November 2019

Clinical pathways have been successfully implemented in the primary care setting in New Zealand, Australia and the UK. Despite wide adoption and decreased costs, these pathways have yet to translate evidence into clinical practice while also saving providers time—an important barrier for the translation of evidence at the point of care. The goal of this project was to determine if future development of a point-of-care mobile application should be undertaken with design principles using the theoretical framework of Hick’s law. Three new-to-practice providers participated in three plan-do-study-act cycles using these pathways installed on mobile devices to determine if they were a feasible, efficient and useful method to implement evidence. The project was a success with all three participants wishing to continue using the pathways after project completion. Participants felt the digital clinical pathways were the next evolution of the popular UpToDate software platform and helped them apply the latest evidence better than other available tools. While these results are promising, there were also limitations. Participants felt the lack of chart integration coupled with time constraints made full integration challenging and suggested launching the platform using a variety of delivery systems. The project’s findings suggest that future application development using the developed design principles would be worth further consideration. If this mobile application ultimately proved successful, the application framework could be implemented on a larger scale, thus improving patient outcomes and saving providers time.
Optimising systemic insecticide use to improve malaria control
Authors: Meredith Hannah R , Furuya-Kanamori Luis , Yakob Laith
Published: November 2019

Background

Long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual sprays have significantly reduced the burden of malaria. However, several hurdles remain before elimination can be achieved: mosquito vectors have developed resistance to public health insecticides, including pyrethroids, and have altered their biting behaviour to avoid these indoor control tools. Systemic insecticides, drugs applied directly to blood hosts to kill mosquitoes that take a blood meal, offer a promising vector control option. To date, most studies focus on repurposing ivermectin, a drug used extensively to treat river blindness. There is concern that overdependence on a single drug will inevitably repeat past experiences with the rapid spread of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors. Diversifying the arsenal of systemic insecticides used for mass drug administration would improve this strategy’s sustainability.

Methods

Here, a review was conducted to identify systemic insecticide candidates and consolidate their pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties. The impact of alternative integrated vector control options and different dosing regimens on malaria transmission reduction are illustrated through mathematical model simulation.

Results

The review identified drugs from four classes commonly used in livestock and companion animals: avermectins, milbemycins, isoxazolines and spinosyns. Simulations predicted that isoxazolines and spinosyns are promising candidates for mass drug administration, as they were predicted to need less frequent application than avermectins and milbemycins to maintain mosquitocidal blood concentrations.

Conclusions

These findings will provide a guide for investigating and applying different systemic insecticides to achieve more effective and sustainable control of malaria transmission.
Reliability, measurement error and minimum detectable change in mobility measures: a cohort study of community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and over in Ireland
Authors: Donoghue Orna A , Savva George M , Börsch-Supan Axel , Kenny Rose Anne
Published: November 2019

Objective

To estimate the effects of repeat assessments, rater and time of day on mobility measures and to estimate their variation between and within participants in a population-based sample of Irish adults aged ≥50 years.

Design

Test–retest study in a population representative sample.

Setting

Academic health assessment centre of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).

Participants

128 community-dwelling adults from the Survey for Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Ireland study who agreed to take part in the SHARE-Ireland/TILDA collaboration.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Outcome measures

Participants performed timed up-and-go (TUG), repeated chair stands (RCS) and walking speed tests administered by one of two raters. Repeat assessments were conducted 1–4 months later. Participants were randomised with respect to a change in time (morning, afternoon) and whether the rater was changed between assessments. Within and between-participant variance for each measure was estimated using mixed-effects models. Intraclass correlation (ICC), SE of measurement and minimum detectable change (MDC) were reported.

Results

Average performance did not vary between baseline and repeat assessments in any test, except RCS. The rater significantly affected performance on all tests except one, but time of day did not. Reliability varied from ICC=0.66 (RCS) to ICC=0.88 (usual gait speed). MDC was 2.08 s for TUG, 4.52 s for RCS and ranged from 19.49 to 34.73 cm/s for walking speed tests. There was no evidence for lower reliability of gait parameters with increasing time between assessments.

Conclusions

Reliability varied for each test when measurements are obtained over 1–4 months with most variation due to rater effects. Usual and motor dual task gait speed demonstrated highest reliability.
Hospital-based cohort study to determine the association between home-time and disability after stroke by age, sex, stroke type and study year in Canada
Authors: Yu Amy Ying Xin , Fang Jiming , Porter Joan , Austin Peter C , Smith Eric E , Kapral Moira K
Published: November 2019

Objective

Home-time is an emerging patient-centred stroke outcome metric, but it is not well described in the population. We aimed to determine the association between 90-day home-time and global disability after stroke. We hypothesised that longer home-time would be associated with less disability.

Design

Hospital-based cohort study of patients with ischaemic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage admitted to an acute care hospital between 1 April 2002 and 31 March 2013.

Setting

All regional stroke centres and a simple random sample of patients from all other hospitals across the province of Ontario, Canada.

Participants

We included 39 417 adult patients (84% ischaemic, 16% haemorrhage), 53% male, with a median age of 74 years. We excluded non-residents of Ontario, patients without a valid health insurance number, patients discharged against medical advice or those who failed to return from a pass, patients living in a long-term care centre at baseline and stroke events occurring in-hospital.

Primary outcome measure

Association between 90-day home-time, defined as the number of days spent at home in the first 90 days after stroke, obtained using linked administrative data and modified Rankin Scale score at discharge.

Results

Compared with people with no disability, those with minimal disability had less home-time (adjusted rate ratio (aRR) 0.96, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.98) and those with the most severe disability had the least home-time (aRR 0.05, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.05). We found no clinically relevant modification by stroke type, sex or study year. However, for a given level of disability, older patients experienced less home-time compared with younger patients.

Conclusions

Our results provide content validity for home-time to be used to monitor stroke outcomes in large populations or to study temporal trends. Older patients experience less home-time for a given level of disability, suggesting the need for stratification by age.
Time intervals experienced between first symptom recognition and pathologic diagnosis of breast cancer in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gebremariam Alem , Addissie Adamu , Worku Alemayehu , Assefa Mathewos , Pace Lydia E , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna , Jemal Ahmedin
Published: November 2019

Objectives

This study aimed to estimate the magnitude of patient and diagnostic delays and associated factors among women with breast cancer in Addis Ababa.

Design

This is a cross-sectional study.

Settings and participants

All women newly diagnosed with breast cancer in seven major healthcare facilities in Addis Ababa (n=441) were included in the study.

Main outcomes and measures

Patient interval (time from recognition of first symptom to medical consultation) and diagnostic interval (time from first consultation to diagnosis). Patient intervals >90 days and diagnostic intervals >30 days were considered delays, and associated factors were determined using multivariable Poisson regressions with robust variance.

Results

Thirty-six percent (95% CI [31.1%, 40.3%]) of the patients had patient intervals of >90 days, and 69% (95% CI [64.6%, 73.3%]) of the patients had diagnostic intervals of >30 days. Diagnostic interval exceeded 1 year for 18% of patients. Ninety-five percent of the patients detected the first symptoms of breast cancer by themselves, with breast lump (78.0%) as the most common first symptom. Only 8.0% were concerned about cancer initially, with most attributing their symptoms to other factors. In the multivariable analysis, using traditional medicine before consultation was significantly associated with increased prevalence of patient delay (adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.13, 95% CI [1.68, 2.71]). First consultation at health centres (adjusted PR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.02, 1.39]) and visiting ≥4 facilities (adjusted PR = 1.24, 95% CI [1.10, 1.40]) were associated with higher prevalence of diagnostic delay. However, progression of symptoms before consultation (adjusted PR = 0.73, 95% CI [0.60, 0.90]) was associated with decreased prevalence of diagnostic delay.

Conclusions

Patients with breast cancer in Addis Ababa have prolonged patient and diagnostic intervals. These underscore the need for public health programme to increase knowledge about breast cancer symptoms and the importance of early presentation and early diagnosis among the general public and healthcare providers.
Examining satisfaction of older adult patients and their caregivers following traumatic injury: a cross-sectional study of three level I trauma centres
Authors: Vogel Rebecca , McGraw Constance , Orlando Alessandro , Bourg Pamela , Dreiman Chester , Peck Laura , Tanner Allen , Lynch Neal , Bar-Or David
Published: November 2019

Objective

To explore satisfaction of care received by older adult patients and their primary caregivers following traumatic injury.

Design

Prospective, cross-sectional study using the FAMCARE (Family Satisfaction with Advanced Cancer Care Scale) satisfaction surveys prior to discharge.

Setting

Three level I trauma centres in Colorado from November 2016 to December 2017.

Participants

Trauma patients ≥55 years old and their primary caregivers.

Outcome measures

Overall mean (SD) satisfaction, satisfaction <80% vs ≥80%, and mean satisfaction by survey conceptual structures.

Results

Of the 319 patients and 336 caregivers included, the overall mean (SD) patient satisfaction was 81.7% (15.0%) and for caregivers was 83.6% (13.4%). The area with the highest mean for patient and caregiver satisfaction was psychosocial care (85.4% and 86.9%, respectively). Information giving was the lowest for patients (80.4%) and caregivers (80.9%). When individual items were examined, patients were significantly more satisfied with ‘availability of nurses to answer questions’ (84.5 (15.3) vs 87.4 (14.8), p=0.02) and significantly less satisfied with ‘speed with which symptoms were treated’ (80.6 (17.9) vs 84.0 (17.0), p=0.03) compared with caregivers. Patients with a history of smoking (least squares mean difference: −0.096 (−0.18 to –0.07), p<0.001) and hospital discharge destination to an outside facility of care (adjusted OR: 1.6 (1.0 to 2.4), p=0.048) were identified as independent predictors of lower overall satisfaction in generalised linear and logistic models, respectively.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that patients’ medical history was driving both patient and caregiver satisfaction. Patient characteristics and expectations need to be considered when tailoring healthcare interventions.
Interventions for pregnant women who use tobacco and other substances: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Jackson Melissa A , Baker Amanda L , McCarter Kristen L , Brown Amanda L , Gould Gillian S , Dunlop Adrian J
Published: November 2019

Introduction

The prevalence of tobacco smoking in pregnancy remains elevated in some disadvantaged populations of women. One group is those who use alcohol and/or other psychoactive substances during pregnancy, with tobacco use prevalence estimates ranging from 71% to 95%. Although effective evidence-based cessation treatments exist, few women with co-occurring substance use problems successfully stop smoking during pregnancy. There is limited information about treatments that specifically target this group and a summary of the available research is required to assist and enhance the development of innovative cessation interventions. This article describes a protocol for a comprehensive review of studies that have trialled behavioural and/or pharmacological tobacco cessation interventions in populations of pregnant women who are nicotine dependent and use alcohol and/or other psychoactive substances.

Methods and analysis

The review will undertake literature searches in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE and ProQuest databases, as well as the grey literature. Studies of any design methodology will be included if they describe changes to tobacco smoking behaviours in quantitative terms. No restriction on year of publication or published language will apply. Participants include pregnant women of any age, who smoke tobacco, who are seeking or having treatment, or in post-treatment recovery for the use of psychoactive substances. Interventions are any psychological, behavioural or pharmacological treatments used to treat tobacco use. Outcome measures are any that quantitatively report abstinence or reductions in participant tobacco consumption. Key details and tobacco-related outcomes from included studies will be extracted and tabulated before being narratively synthesised. The systematic review protocol has been developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not required. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed literature, conference presentations, media and social media.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018108777
Immunohistochemistry for the detection of BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins in patients with ovarian cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Teixeira Lorena Alves , Candido dos Reis Francisco Jose
Published: November 2019

Background

Loss of function in either breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) or breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein (BRCA2) is a major risk factor for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) development. BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficiencies are associated with short-term prognosis and might have importance for the treatment of women with the disease. However, the screening of all possible mechanisms of dysfunction is expensive, time-consuming and difficult to apply in clinical practice. On the other hand, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a simple and reliable method to access the expression of several proteins in tumour tissues.

Materials and methods

This systematic review aims to evaluate the current usage of IHC to detect BRCA1 and BRCA2 deficiencies in EOC. We searched and evaluated all primary literature on the use of IHC for evaluating BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins expression in EOC. The main concepts for the search were: ovarian neoplasms, IHC, BRCA1 and BRCA2.

Results

Forty-four studies from 925 unique titles were included. A total of 4206 tumour samples were evaluated for BRCA1 and 1041 for BRCA2 expression. Twelve BRCA1 primary antibodies were used in 41 studies, and the most common was the MS110 clone (75.6%). Seven BRCA2 primary antibodies were used in ten studies. Using the cut-off of 10%, 47.0% of EOCs are associated with loss of BRCA1 and 34.5% with the loss of BRCA2 expression.

Conclusion

IHC was effective to detect loss of BRCA1 protein expression in EOC; however, data on BRCA2 expression were heterogeneous and difficult to interpret.
From what we know to what we do: enhancing absorptive capacity in translational health research
Authors: Currie Graeme , Kiefer Tina , Spyridonidis Dimitrios
Published: November 2019

Background

Globally, evidence about what works is slow to translate into frontline healthcare delivery. As a response, government policy has focused on translational health initiatives, such as the National Institute for Health Research funded Applied Research Collaborations in England. Concepts from organisation science prove useful to support such translational initiatives. We critique the application of two organisation science concepts linked to the broad domain of what is commonly termed ‘knowledge mobilisation’ in healthcare settings, specifically ‘knowledge brokers’ and ‘absorptive capacity’, to provide lessons for leaders of translational initiatives.

Results

The presence of knowledge brokers to ‘move from what we know to what we do’ in healthcare delivery appears necessary but insufficient to have a system level effect. To embed knowledge brokers in the wider healthcare system so they draw on various sources of evidence to discharge their role with greatest effect, we encourage leaders of translational health research initiatives to take account of the concept of absorptive capacity (ACAP) from the organisation science literature. Leaders should focus on enhancing ACAP though development of ‘co-ordination capabilities’. Such co-ordination capability should aim not just to acquire different types of evidence, but to ensure that all types of evidence are used to develop, implement and scale up healthcare delivery that best benefits patients. Specific co-ordination capabilities that support translation of evidence are: clinician involvement in research and its implementation; patient and public involvement in research and its implementation; business intelligence structures and processes at organisational and system level.

Conclusion

Attention to the dimensions and antecedents of ACAP, alongside the implementation of the knowledge brokering solution, in translational health research initiatives, is likely to better ensure the latter’s success.
Capillary facilitation of skeletal muscle function in health and disease
Authors: Parise Gianni , Murrant Coral L. , Cocks Matthew , Snijders Tim , Baum Oliver , Plyley Michael J.
Published: November 2019

Skeletal muscle is highly vascularized, with perfusion being tightly regulated to meet wide-ranging metabolic demands. For decades, the capillary supply has been explored mainly in terms of evaluating the capillary numbers and their function in the supply of oxygen and substrates and the removal of metabolic byproducts. This review will focus on recent discoveries concerning the role played by capillaries in facilitating other aspects of cell regulation and maintenance, in health and disease, as well as alterations during the aging process.

Novelty Capillaries play a central role in the coordination of the vascular response that controls blood flow during contraction and the cellular responses to which they feed into. Nitric oxide is an important regulatory compound within the cardiovascular system, and a significant contributor to skeletal muscle capillary angiogenesis and vasodilatory response to agonists. The microvascular network between muscle fibres may play a critical role in the distribution of signalling factors necessary for optimal muscle satellite cell function.
Parameter variability of undrained shear strength and strain using a database of reconstituted soil tests
Authors: Beesley Mair E.W. , Vardanega Paul J.
Published: November 2019

During construction, the mobilization of undrained shear strength must be limited to avoid soil failure. Soil strains must be controlled to avoid compromising structural serviceability. To assess foundation performance by strength mobilization, an understanding of soil strains at various levels of strength mobilization is required. In practice, ground investigation data are often limited, and assessment of the expected variation of stress–strain and undrained shear strength is improved with empirical correlations calibrated with a database. The new database RFG/TXCU-278 contains data of 278 consolidated–undrained triaxial tests on reconstituted fine-grained soil samples compiled from the literature. Analysis of the database to evaluate the variability of undrained strength ratio (cu/[Formula: see text]) and a reference shear strain with shear mode is undertaken in this paper. The new database provides evidence that shear strain (like undrained shear strength) is sensitive to the consolidation (isotropic or K0) and shear mode (triaxial compression or extension) applied in the test. For the materials included in the database, the strength mobilization parameters obtained from a triaxial compression test can be used to predict the corresponding triaxial extension parameters to a reasonable accuracy.
Steroids with potential anti-inflammatory activity from the roots of Datura metel L.
Authors: Liu Yan , Guan Wei , Yang Chun-li , Luo Yu-meng , Liu Yuan , Zhou Yuan-yuan , Liu Li-na , Yang Bing-you , Kuang Hai-xue
Published: November 2019

One new C21-steroid, pregnane A (1), and two new anolides daturafolisides X and Y (2 and 3), together with six known with anolides (4–9), were isolated from the roots of Datura metel L. The structures of these compounds were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectra and mass spectroscopy by comparing our results with the literature values. Compounds 1–9 were evaluated for inhibition against nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. It was found that the isolated compounds showed the different levels of anti-inflammatory activities with IC50 values ranging from 24.2 to 43.4 μmol/L.
Fusing diameter distributions predicted by an area-based approach and individual-tree detection in coniferous-dominated forests
Authors: Räty Janne , Packalen Petteri , Kotivuori Eetu , Maltamo Matti
Published: November 2019

An area-based approach (ABA) is the most common method used to predict forest attributes with airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. Individual-tree detection (ITD) offers an alternative to ABA; however, few studies have examined the selection of these two alternatives for the prediction of diameter distributions. We predicted diameter distributions by applying ABA and ITD in coniferous-dominated boreal forests using ALS data and examined their predictive performance based on the shapes of the diameter distributions (Gaussian, bimodal, and reverse-J). We proposed an ABA–ITD fusion for diameter distribution prediction. Firstly, the fusion was optimized and its potential was evaluated using an error index. Secondly, we offer two alternatives to incorporate the fusion into ALS-based forest inventories. Our results indicate that ITD is more prone to errors than ABA and that the predictive performance of ITD is more sensitive than ABA to the shape of the diameter distribution. The results show that ITD outperforms ABA with Gaussian diameter distributions. In contrast, ABA was seen as preferable to ITD with bimodal- or reverse-J-shaped diameter distributions. The findings indicate that ABA–ITD fusion has potential for predicting diameter distributions, although the predictive capability of ITD is limited compared with that of ABA.
Parton showers and matching uncertainties in top quark pair production with Herwig 7
Authors: Cormier Kyle , Plätzer Simon , Reuschle Christian , Richardson Peter , Webster Stephen
Published: November 2019

We evaluate the theoretical uncertainties in next-to-leading order plus parton shower predictions for top quark pair production and decay in hadronic collisions. Our work is carried out using the Herwig  7 event generator and presents an in-depth study of variations in matching schemes with two systematically different shower algorithms, the traditional angular-ordered and alternative dipole shower. We also present all of the required extensions of the Herwig dipole shower algorithm to properly take into account quark mass effects, as well as its ability to perform top quark decays. The predictions are compared at parton level as well as to Large Hadron Collider data, including in the boosted regime. We find that the regions where predictions with a non-top-quark-specific tune differ drastically from data are plagued by large uncertainties which are consistent between our two shower and matching algorithms.
On non-perturbative unitarity in gravitational scattering
Authors: Sachs Ivo , Tran Tung
Published: November 2019

We argue that the tree-level graviton-scalar scattering in the Regge limit is unitarized by non-perturbative effects within General Relativity alone, that is without resorting to any extension thereof. At Planckian energy the back reaction of the incoming graviton on the background geometry produces a non-perturbative plane wave which softens the UV-behavior in turn. Our amplitude interpolates between the perturbative graviton-scalar scattering at low energy and scattering on a classical plane wave in the Regge limit that is bounded for all values of s.
A way of decoupling gravitational sources in pure Lovelock gravity
Authors: Estrada Milko
Published: November 2019

We provide an algorithm that shows how to decouple gravitational sources in pure Lovelock gravity. This method allows to obtain several new and known analytic solutions of physical interest in scenarios with extra dimensions and with presence of higher curvature terms. Furthermore, using our method, it is shown that applying the minimal geometric deformation to the Anti de Sitter space time it is possible to obtain regular black hole solutions.
Hyperbolic spaces and directional contractions
Authors: Kirk W. A. , Shahzad Naseer
Published: November 2019

The axiomatic approach to metric convexity goes back to the pioneering work of Karl Menger in 1928. This is an overview of this concept and the role it plays in metric fixed point theory especially in conjunction with spaces possessing a “hyperbolic” type structures. These include the CAT(0) spaces, hyperconvex metric spaces, and [Formula: see text]-trees. Much of the discussion involves the existence of “approximate” fixed point sequences for mappings satisfying weak contractive conditions. Applications of a well-known fixed point theorem due to Caristi are also included. These involve fixed and approximate fixed points for mappings satisfying local “directional” contractive and non-expansive conditions. Convexity plays a role in this part of the discussion as well. While the paper is semi-expository in nature, some detailed proofs appear here for the first time. Also the concept of a weak [Formula: see text]-directional contraction introduced in Sec. 8 appears to be new. Several suggestions for further research are also discussed.
Characteristics of a Hydraulic Jump Formed on Upstream Vegetation of Varying Density and Thickness
Authors: Pasha Ghufran Ahmed , Tanaka Norio
Published: November 2019

The effectiveness of coastal vegetation as a barrier to mitigate a tsunami greatly depends on the magnitude of tsunami and vegetation structure. This paper summarizes a series of laboratory experiments that investigated the upstream flow structure and energy loss due to a hydraulic jump in a steady super-critical flow. The characteristics of the jump were determined against vegetation of variable density ([Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] of each cylinder in cross-stream direction, [Formula: see text] of cylinder), thickness (dn, where [Formula: see text] of cylinder, [Formula: see text] of cylinders in the stream-wise direction per unit of cross-stream width), and initial Froude number (Fro, where Froude number is obtained from a model without vegetation in the flume). In super-critical flow ([Formula: see text]–1.83), a weak hydraulic jump formed on upstream side of vegetation. The height of the jump, its location, and the resulting energy loss were increased by increasing both the vegetation density and thickness. Due to reduced reflection at vegetation front, the drag force against sparse vegetation ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]) was higher compared to intermediate ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]) and dense ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]) vegetation. Under these conditions, the maximum energy reduction due to a weak hydraulic jump reached 9.4% for dense vegetation while it was 8.1% and 7.8% for intermediate and sparse vegetation, respectively.
Energy and Exergy Analysis of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System with Flooded Evaporator
Authors: Okereke Chukwuemeka J. , Ohijeagbon Idehai O. , Lasode Olumuyiwa A.
Published: November 2019

In this study, energy and exergy analysis was used to evaluate the performance of a vapor compression refrigeration system with a flooded evaporator and the causes of high temperatures of beverage during the production process determined. Subsequently, the components of the operation that require modification were identified in order to improve the system performance. The actual operating parameters related to energy and exergy analysis of the investigated beverage manufacturing plant were measured, the thermal properties of the beverage were determined from a calorimeter experiment, and mathematical models were developed based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics from the literature. The system energy and exergy efficiencies were 57.46% and 21.17%, respectively, whereas the system exergy destruction was 695.71[Formula: see text]kW. The highest exergy destruction among the components of the refrigeration system occurred at the cooling plate, followed by the ammonia compressor. The cooling plate also experienced a loss in the refrigerating effect of 43.59[Formula: see text]kW. Therefore, the cooling plate is the area with the highest potential for improvement. The ammonia compressor presents another potential area of improvement, which includes operating the compressor at a high compression ratio and high superheated temperature. However, the reduction of beverage inlet mass flow rate at the cooling plate offers the best opportunity to achieve a low beverage temperature between 1.00∘C and 2.00∘C and decreasing the system exergy destruction without incurring additional investment costs.
The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS): from classical geological services to long-term environmental monitoring programmes, energy transformation and advice on political sensitive topics
Authors: Christiansen Flemming G. , Larsen Flemming
Published: November 2019

The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) has a long history and over the years there has been a strong focus on traditional survey work such as geological mapping, research and advice to authorities on questions related to geological and natural resources. Many of the services provided are continuing in the years to come but modern, complex society engenders new questions, where decisions must be based on the best available knowledge, and geological surveys are key players to provide this knowledge to governments. In the new millennium, GEUS has entered into a number of long-term environmental monitoring programmes and several political sensitive projects. Key examples described include groundwater monitoring, assessment of the risk of pesticide leaching to the groundwater, disposal of low-radioactive waste, Carbon Capture and Storage the Continental Shelf Project of the Kingdom of Denmark, monitoring of the Greenland Inland Ice, and other activities on the ice shield. It is expected that GEUS will be involved in even more such studies in the coming years and that the modernization of classical studies will continue. The revised strategy of GEUS to be launched in 2020 will be focused on the institutions input to meet the United Nations sustainable goals.