bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fishes from the Parque Nacional do Pantanal Matogrossense, upper Paraguai River basin, Brazil
Authors: Polaz Carla Natacha Marcolino , Melo Bruno F. , Britzke Ricardo , Resende Emiko Kawakami de , Machado Francisco De Arruda , Lima José Augusto Ferraz de , Petrere Jr. Miguel
Published: November 2014

The Pantanal Biosphere Reserve contains one of the highest concentration of animal species in the Neotropics, including about 300 fish species living in diverse environments associated with wetlands in the upper Paraguai River basin. This biome spans portions of Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay and includes the Parque Nacional do Pantanal Matogrossense (PNPM), a region of the Pantanal which has been assigned as high conservation priority in Brazil. This study reports the results of an ichthyological survey within the PNPM, where samples were taken at 12 sites during the dry season in 2001, 2010 and 2011. We record 182 species representing three classes, 10 orders and 41 fish families. We report the first occurrence of the genus Anchoviella (order Clupeiformes), in the La Plata basin. This survey will provide information for future studies concerning conservation and management plans for the PNPM as well as for the Pantanal, which is one of the largest permanent wetland areas in the world and among the most unique and important South American biomes.
First record of Tenuipalpus uvae De Leon, 1962 (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) in Brazil
Authors: Mineiro Jeferson Luiz de Carvalho , Ochoa Ronald , Sousa Maria do Socorro Miranda de , Gondim Júnior Manoel Guedes Correa , Glória de Deus Ezequiel da , Adaime Ricardo
Published: November 2014

This is the first record of Tenuipalpus uvae De Leon (Tenuipalpidae) in Brazil. Specimens were collected from Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) in the states of Amapá (northern Brazil) and Pernambuco (northeast).
First Costa Rican record of Pacific Golden-Plover (Pluvialis fulva, Gmelin, 1789) (Aves: Charadriidae)
Authors: Sánchez Julio E. , Ramírez Johan Fernández , Sánchez César
Published: November 2014

Here we report on the first observation of Pacific Golden Plover in Central America, from Costa Rica. An individual in winter plumage was observed on salts ponds along with several other roosting waders
New record and distribution of Loxosceles amazonica Gertsch, 1967 (Araneae: Sicariidae) in the state of Ceará, Brazil
Authors: Azevedo Raul , Texeira Paulo Marcelo De Souza , Siqueira Rômmulo Celly Lima , Brescovit Antonio D.
Published: November 2014

The spiders of the genus Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe, 1832 have a wide distribution in tropical and temperate regions and 30 species have been recorded for South America. The amazonica group is represented only by Loxosceles amazonica, and there are records from the north, midwest and northeast of Brazil. The aim of this note is to present a new record of L. amazonica for the municipal district of Sobral, in the state of Ceará, Brazil and produce a check-list of this species in this state.
Bivalves of the São Sebastião Channel, north coast of the São Paulo state, Brazil
Authors: Tallarico Lenita De Freitas , Passos Flávio Dias , Machado Fabrizio Marcondes , Campos Ariane , Recco-Pimentel Shirlei Maria , Introíni Gisele Orlandi
Published: November 2014

The north coast of the São Paulo State, Brazil, presents great bivalve diversity, but knowledge about these organisms, especially species living subtidally, remains scarce. Based on collections made between 2010 and 2012, the present work provides a species list of bivalves inhabiting the intertidal and subtidal zones of the São Sebastião Channel. Altogether, 388 living specimens were collected, belonging to 52 species of 34 genera, grouped in 18 families. Tellinidae, Veneridae, Semelidae, Ungulinidae, Mactridae, Solecurtidae, Corbulidae, Cardiidae, Lucinidae, Cooperellidae, Nuculidae, Psammobiidae, Donacidae, Solenidae, Periplomatidae, Thraciidae and Arcidae were the most representative families in this collection. Among the identified species, Caryocorbula caribaea, Codakia pectinella and Diplodonta punctata were intertidally abundant, while Macoma uruguayensis and Pitar fulminata were subtidally abundant.
Passalidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, RJ) with new diagnosis and distributional records in Brazil
Authors: Mattos Ingrid , Mermudes José Ricardo M.
Published: November 2014

A survey of the Passalidae species recorded to the Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is presented, with illustrations for each species and a key with diagnosis for genera. Passalus (P.) denticollis Kaup, 1869 and Veturius (V.) transversus Dalman, 1817 was the relative abundance most dominate, representing almost 50% of relative abundance of species in each genus respectively. The study included material collected between January and December of 2008 and it results in 13 species included in four genera and two tribes (Passalini and Proculini). Passalini comprised ten species (Passalus, Spasalus and Paxillus), representing 71.42% of all species. Proculini with three species belong only Veturius, representing 28.57%. Among the 13 species, 12 are registered by first time from Ilha Grande. Veturius (Veturius) sinuatus was the unique species with distribution confirmed and Spasalus cristinae known only São Paulo had the distribution extended to Rio de Janeiro.
Wood vegetation in Atlantic rain forest remnants in Sorocaba (São Paulo, Brazil)
Authors: Kortz Alessandra Rocha , Coelho Samuel , Castello Ana Carolina Devides , Leite Eliana Cardoso , Corrêa Laíne Silveira , Koch Ingrid
Published: November 2014

The Atlantic rain forest is in a very fragmented condition due to the high deforestation in recent decades, thus even remnants of secondary vegetation may be considered important for maintaining the ecological and microclimatic functions on a regional scale. This represents the first plant composition study conducted in the area, located in Sorocaba (São Paulo, Brazil), a region relatively unknown in terms of vegetation. Our aims were to survey the vegetation, verify the vegetation formation in which the sampled species occur and identify endangered species. Periodic samples of woody plants were conducted between September 2007 and December 2009. We found 166 species, belonging to 47 families and 102 genera; ten of these species are under threat of extinction. Our data substantially increase our knowledge of the diversity of the regional flora and will play a crucial role in developing conservation policy.
Floristic diversity of the Cagarras Islands Natural Monument, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Authors: Bovini Massimo G. , Faria Marcos , Oliveira Rogério R. , Kurtz Bruno C.
Published: November 2014

The vascular flora was inventoried of the Cagarras Islands Natural Monument (CINM) located offshore of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and a total of 171 species were encountered. The families with the greatest richnesses were: Asteraceae (12 spp.), Myrtaceae (12), Fabaceae (11), Bromeliaceae (7), Cactaceae (6), Euphorbiaceae (6), and Poaceae (6). The regional vegetation was similar to restinga, although high concentrations of guano from nesting marine birds affected diversity on two islands. The threatened species Gymanthes nervosa Müll. Arg. was recorded from the municipality of Rio de Janeiro for the first time since the 1940s.
A convergência da contabilidade pública nacional às normas internacionais e os impactos na aplicação da DRE na administração direta
Authors: Soares Maurélio , Scarpin Jorge Eduardo
Published: November 2014

A responsabilidade fiscal dos governos é fundamental para fomentar o crescimento econômico e o desenvolvimento em todo o mundo. Há uma tendência cada vez maior e crescente pressão sobre os governos para ampliarem o campo das suas responsabilidades financeiras a partir da contabilidade voltada para a prestação de contas, ou Accountability. O objetivo desta pesquisa é evidenciar as ações que vêm sendo realizadas na convergência das Normas Brasileiras de Contabilidade Aplicadas ao Setor Público (NBCASP) às Normas Internacionais (IPSAS) emitidas pela Internacional Federation of Accounts (IFAC), com foco na Norma Brasileira de Contabilidade, que trata das Demonstrações Contábeis (NBC T 16.6), e os impactos na implantação das Demonstrações do Resultado Econômico. Como o assunto é de recente discussão no país, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados indicam que a adoção das normas internacionais irá melhorar tanto a qualidade quanto a comparabilidade da informação financeira relatada pelas entidades do setor público no País, porém, a implantação da Demonstração do Resultado Econômico (DRE) na Administração Pública carece de maior pesquisa e discussão sobre a sua efetiva aplicabilidade.
Controladoria como suporte de gestão das indústrias moveleiras na Região Oeste de Santa Catarina
Authors: Flesch Valdenir
Published: November 2014

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar as informações fornecidas pela controladoria, que são utilizadas no apoio à gestão das indústrias do setor moveleiro do Oeste de Santa Catarina. A pesquisa se classifica como descritiva, pois tem como objetivo descrever as características da população em estudo. A população da pesquisa compreende indústrias moveleiras do Oeste de Santa Catarina, que participam do programa de Arranjo Produtivo Local, desenvolvido pelo Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e pequena Empresa (SEBRAE), contendo 83 empresas listadas. Após o levantamento do endereço eletrônico destas empresas, foi encaminhado a todas um questionário com perguntas de múltipla escolha, sendo que de apenas 22 empresas se obteve as respostas, o que representa 27% do universo investigado e se constitui na amostra não probabilística. A análise dos dados foi realizada com a utilização da estatística descritiva, com ênfase no grau de importância dada pelos gestores das empresas para o objeto de estudo. Os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa evidenciam a controladoria nas organizações e o processo de tomada de decisão. Por meio da pesquisa, conclui-se que a controladoria está presente em todas as organizações, como setor independente ou que se divida dentre os departamentos da empresa, e ainda que o processo de decisão ocorre baseado na experiência do gestor associada às informações que lhe são prestadas.
Análise de viabilidade de instalação de kit gnv em veículos com a utilização do valor presente líquido e taxa interna de retorno
Authors: Klann Roberto Carlos , Tomasi Graziela
Published: November 2014

O artigo objetiva analisar a viabilidade da instalação do kit GNV em veículos, sob o ponto de vista financeiro. O método empregado consiste numa pesquisa descritiva, por meio de estudo de casos. Foram analisados dois casos de conversão, realizados por uma empresa especializada na cidade de Brusque-SC, com a construção dos orçamentos de capital e o cálculo dos respectivos retornos, a partir das técnicas do valor presente líquido e da taxa interna de retorno. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que as instalações do kit GNV apresentaram retornos significativos para os proprietários dos veículos. Conclui-se que, de maneira geral, mesmo havendo alterações no preço do GNV, provavelmente as conversões dos veículos para esse tipo de combustível continuarão interessantes. Destaca-se que a análise foi realizada apenas do ponto de vista quantitativo, não levando em conta aspectos qualitativos.
Association Between Nailfold Capillaroscopy Findings and Pulmonary Function Tests in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Castellví Ivan , Simeón-Aznar Carmen Pilar , Sarmiento Mónica , Fortuna Ana , Mayos Mercedes , Geli Carme , Diaz-Torné César , Moya Patricia , De Llobet Josep Maria , Casademont Jordi
Published: November 2014

Objective.

To determine whether there is an association between different capillaroscopic findings and pulmonary function tests in systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods.

We did a retrospective observational study in a cohort of patients with SSc and early SSc. Patients with at least 1 nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) magnified 120× were included. Pathological findings were giant capillaries, angiogenesis, and density loss. Findings were compared with lung function values: percent expected value of forced vital capacity (FVC), DLCO, and FVC/DLCO ratio. Other variables collected were sex and SSc type, and the presence of digital ulcers (DU), interstitial lung disease (ILD), scleroderma renal crisis, and/or pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Results.

Of 136 patients with SSc, 85 had undergone an NVC. The frequency of ILD, DU, and PH was 24.1%, 28.7%, and 17.2%, respectively. Data analysis showed that patients with density loss had worse FVC% (86.91 ± 19.42 vs 101.13 ± 16.06, p < 0.01) and DLCO% (71.43 ± 21.19 vs 85.9 ± 19.81, p < 0.01) compared to those without.

Conclusion.

Patients with loss of density present worse FVC and DLCO values. Prospective studies are warranted to determine whether NVC is useful for studying pulmonary function in SSc.
Clinical Features and Radiological Findings in Large Vessel Vasculitis: Are Takayasu Arteritis and Giant Cell Arteritis 2 Different Diseases or a Single Entity?
Authors: Furuta Shunsuke , Cousins Claire , Chaudhry Afzal , Jayne David
Published: November 2014

Objective.

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are 2 major variants of large vessel vasculitis (LVV). The frequent involvement of large vessels in GCA has raised the possibility that TAK and GCA should be regarded as 1 disease. By detailed phenotyping of a single-center cohort, we aimed to define the differences between TAK and GCA.

Methods.

Forty-five patients (23 TAK, 22 GCA) were identified. Baseline characteristics, clinical symptoms, laboratory data, enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging, treatments, and clinical courses were retrospectively assessed with descriptive statistics. In addition, latent class analysis of the 45 patients was performed to explore phenotypic differences.

Results.

Patients with GCA had more frequent headache (p < 0.01), higher C-reactive protein levels (p = 0.01), and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rates (p = 0.03) than did patients with TAK at diagnosis. With the exception of subdiaphragmatic lesions, the distributions of vessel lesions were not different between TAK and GCA. However, focusing on subclavian and carotid arteries, long tapered-type stenotic lesions were more frequent in GCA than in TAK (p < 0.01). The proportion of patients without relapse was higher in GCA (60%) than in TAK (22%, p = 0.01). Latent class analysis also divided patients with LVV into 2 separate groups consistent with TAK and GCA.

Conclusion.

The differences observed in clinical symptoms, inflammatory markers, radiological findings, and clinical courses suggested that TAK and GCA were 2 different diseases. Latent class analysis supported these results. The shape of stenotic lesions in the subclavian and carotid arteries is a useful discriminator between TAK and GCA.
Cost of Illness and Determinants of Costs Among Patients with Gout
Authors: Spaetgens Bart , Wijnands José M.A. , van Durme Caroline , van der Linden Sjef , Boonen Annelies
Published: November 2014

Objective.

To estimate costs of illness in a cross-sectional cohort of patients with gout attending an outpatient rheumatology clinic, and to evaluate which factors contribute to higher costs.

Methods.

Altogether, 126 patients with gout were clinically assessed. They completed a series of questionnaires. Health resource use was collected using a self-report questionnaire that was cross-checked with the electronic patient file. Productivity loss was assessed by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire, addressing absenteeism and presenteeism. Resource use and productivity loss were valued by real costs, and annual costs per patient were calculated. Factors contributing to incurring costs above the median were explored using logistic univariable and multivariable regression analysis.

Results.

Mean (median) annual direct costs of gout were €5647 (€1148) per patient. Total costs increased to €6914 (€1279) or €10,894 (€1840) per patient per year when adding cost for absenteeism or both absenteeism and presenteeism, respectively. Factors independently associated with high direct and high indirect costs were a positive history of cardiovascular disease, functional limitations, and female sex. In addition, pain, gout concerns, and unmet gout treatment needs were associated with high direct costs.

Conclusion.

The direct and indirect costs-of-illness of gout are primarily associated with cardiovascular disease, functional limitations, and female sex.
Prevalence of TNF-α Blocker Immunogenicity in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Zisapel Michael , Zisman Devy , Madar-Balakirski Noa , Arad Uri , Padova Hagit , Matz Hagit , Maman-Sarvagyl Hagit , Kaufman Ilana , Paran Daphna , Feld Joy , Litinsky Ira , Wigler Irena , Caspi Dan , Elkayam Ori
Published: November 2014

Objective.

The longterm use of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α blockers is limited by the formation of neutralizing antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, immunogenicity in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has not been investigated in depth. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence and significance of TNF-α blocker immunogenicity in PsA.

Methods.

Consecutive patients with PsA treated with either infliximab (IFX), adalimumab (ADA), or etanercept (ETN) > 3 months participated in our cross-sectional study. Their demographic and clinical characteristics, skin and joint disease activity, and records of use of methotrexate (MTX) and other medications were collected. Drug levels (ELISA) and antidrug antibodies (ADAb; Bridging ELISA) were evaluated before the next injection or infusion.

Results.

A total of 93 patients with PsA were recruited (48 receiving ADA, 24 IFX, and 21 ETN), with a mean age of 53 years (range 21–83 yrs), composed of 53% women. One-fourth of the patients were concomitantly treated with MTX. Altogether, 77% of the patients demonstrated therapeutic drug levels. High levels of ADAb were found in 29% of patients taking ADA, 21% taking IFX, and 0% taking ETN. ADAb significantly correlated with lower drug levels, higher 28-joint Disease Activity Scores, and higher global assessments. MTX use correlated significantly with a lower prevalence of ADAb.

Conclusion.

Significant levels of ADAb were present in up to 29% of patients with PsA treated with ADA or IFX. ADAb clearly correlated with low therapeutic drug levels and higher disease activity variables. The use of MTX significantly decreased ADAb prevalence, and its use should be strongly considered in combination with TNF-α blocker antibodies in patients with PsA.
Afghan Immigrants in Iran and Citizenship
Authors: Rohani Sarah Pour , Rohani Sima Pour
Published: November 2014

Presence of Afghans in Iran has been critical issue for Iranian government. During the Open Door Policy of Iran, huge population of Afghans entered Iran without official monitoring. They have married and got children. Many of these marriages are not officially registered in Iran nor in Afghanistan. Therefore, Iran has faced many illegitimate marriages and children. This paper is to explain the reasons of Afghan entrance to Iran, their situation in Iran and the consequences of their presence for Iranian government. The main goal of the article is to demonstrate how critical the problem is if it is not dealt with as soon as possible.
La cuestión Malvinas objetivo de Argentina y causa latinoamericana
Authors: Valle Fonrouge Marcelo
Published: November 2014

El Dr. Marcelo Valle Fonrounge, Embajador de Argentina, presenta la esencia de la disputa por la soberanía sobre Las Malvinas entre Argentina y el Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña. Los antecedentes de organismos internacionales, regionales, el comportamiento de Gran Bretaña, sectores de la sociedad civil mundial. Planta la posición de Argentina ante el despojo de una parte de su territorio por Gran Bretaña y su disposición y lucha por recuperarlo a través del diálogo, la negociación, el derecho internacional como método para el superar la situación de enclave colonial de una parte de su territorio.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/cultura.v20i63.1565
Platos y cafetera
Authors: Valenti Nunzia
Published: November 2014

“…. La plástica de Valenti se realiza a partir de ese fenómeno espiritual de la belleza conocido como la evocación. Nunzia evoca personajes familiares, objetos de un entorno familiar, instrumentos musicales, espacios arquitectónicos, paisajes naturales, o documentos como mapas (realizados en mosaicos). Estas evocaciones tienden a ser reproducidas a la manera neoclásica.”Anastasio LovoPoeta y crítico de arte nicaragüense.Presidente del Centro Nicaragüense de Escritores (CNE).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/cultura.v20i63.1571
Female parity, maternal kinship, infant age and sex influence natal attraction and infant handling in a wild colobine (Colobus vellerosus)
Authors: Bădescu Iulia , Sicotte Pascale , Ting Nelson , Wikberg Eva C.
Published: November 2014

Primate females often inspect, touch and groom others' infants (natal attraction) and they may hold and carry these infants in a manner resembling maternal care (infant handling). While natal attraction and infant handling occur in most wild colobines, little is known about the factors influencing the expression of these behaviors. We examined the effects of female parity, kinship, and dominance rank, as well as infant age and sex in wildColobus vellerosusat Boabeng‐Fiema Monkey Sanctuary, Ghana. We collected data via focal sampling of females in 2008 and 2009 (N = 61) and of infants in 2010 (N = 12). Accounting for the individuals who interacted with our focal subjects, this study includes 74 females and 66 infants in 8 groups. We recorded female agonistic interactionsad libitumto determine dominance ranks. We used partial pedigree information and genotypes at 17 short tandem repeat loci to determine kinship. We knew female parity, infant age and sex from demographic records. Nulliparous females showed more natal attraction and infant handling than parous females, which may suggest that interactions with infants are more adaptive for nulliparous females because they learn mothering skills through these behaviors. Compared to non‐kin, maternal kin were more likely to handle infants. Maternal kin may be permitted greater access to infants because mothers are most familiar with them. Handlers may incur inclusive fitness benefits from infant handling. Dominance rank did not affect female interactions with infants. The youngest infants received the most natal attraction and infant handling, and male infants were handled more than female infants. The potential benefits of learning to mother and inclusive fitness, in combination with the relatively low costs of natal attraction and infant handling, may explain the high rates of these behaviors in many colobines. Am. J. Primatol. 77:376–387, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integration of microbial kinetics and fluid dynamics toward model‐driven scale‐up of industrial bioprocesses
Authors: Wang Guan , Tang Wenjun , Xia Jianye , Chu Ju , Noorman Henk , van Gulik Walter M.
Published: November 2014

Scale‐up of bioprocesses is hampered by open questions, mostly related to poor mixing and mass transfer limitations. Concentration gradients of substrate, carbon dioxide, and oxygen in time and space, especially in large‐scale high‐cell density fed‐batch processes, are likely induced as the mixing time of the fermentor is usually longer than the relevant cellular reaction time. Cells in the fermentor are therefore repeatedly exposed to dynamic environments or perturbations. As a consequence, the heterogeneity in industrial practices often decreases either yield, titer, or productivity, or combinations thereof and increases by‐product formation as compared to well‐mixed small‐scale bioreactors, which is summarized as scale‐up effects. Identification of response mechanisms of the microorganism to various external perturbations is of great importance for pinpointing metabolic bottlenecks and targets for metabolic engineering. In this review, pulse response experimentation is proposed as an ideal way of obtaining kinetic information in combination with scale‐down approaches for in‐depth understanding of dynamic response mechanisms. As an emerging tool, computational fluid dynamics is able to draw a holistic picture of the fluid flow and concentration fields in the fermentor and finds its use in the optimization of fermentor design and process strategy. In the future, directed strain improvement and fermentor redesign are expected to largely depend on models, in which both microbial kinetics and fluid dynamics are thoroughly integrated.
MGMT promoter methylation is associated with temozolomide response and prolonged progression‐free survival in disseminated cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Tuominen Rainer , Jewell Rosalyn , van den Oord Joost J. , Wolter Pascal , Stierner Ulrika , Lindholm Christer , Hertzman Johansson Carolina , Lindén Diana , Johansson Hemming , Frostvik Stolt Marianne , Walker Christy , Snowden Helen , Newton‐Bishop Julia , Hansson Johan , Egyházi Brage Suzanne
Published: November 2014

To investigate the predictive and prognostic value of O6‐methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) inactivation by analyses of promoter methylation in pretreatment tumor biopsies from patients with cutaneous melanoma treated with dacarbazine (DTIC) or temozolomide (TMZ) were performed. The patient cohorts consisted of Belgian and Swedish disseminated melanoma patients. Patients were subdivided into those receiving single‐agent treatment with DTIC/TMZ (cohort S, n = 74) and those treated with combination chemotherapy including DTIC/TMZ (cohort C, n = 79). Median follow‐up was 248 and 336 days for cohort S and cohort C, respectively. MGMT promoter methylation was assessed by three methods. The methylation‐related transcriptional silencing of MGMT mRNA expression was assessed by real‐time RT‐PCR. Response to chemotherapy and progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival were correlated to MGMT promoter methylation status. MGMT promoter methylation was detected in tumor biopsies from 21.5 % of the patients. MGMT mRNA was found to be significantly lower in tumors positive for MGMT promoter methylation compared to tumors without methylation in both treatment cohorts (p < 0.005). DTIC/TMZ therapy response rate was found to be significantly associated with MGMT promoter methylation in cohort S (p = 0.0005), but did not reach significance in cohort C (p = 0.16). Significantly longer PFS was observed among patients with MGMT promoter‐methylated tumors (p = 0.002). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified presence of MGMT promoter methylation as an independent variable associated with longer PFS. Together, this implies that MGMT promoter methylation is associated with response to single‐agent DTIC/TMZ and longer PFS in disseminated cutaneous melanoma.
Review
Authors: Schrire Carmel
Published: November 2014

Living Archaeology By R. A. Gould Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1980. Pp. xv + 270. $15; $4.95 (paper).
Review
Authors: Gorecki Pawel
Published: November 2014

New Guinea Gardens — A Study of Husbandry with Parallels in Prehistoric Europe By Axel Steensberg Academic Press, London, 1980. Pp. xxiii + 222. Price $A34.15
Review
Authors: Spriggs Matthew
Published: November 2014

Early Tahiti as The Explorers Saw It, 1767–1797. By Edwin N. Ferdon. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1980. Pp. 371. Price: $US29.50.
Review
Authors: Burton John
Published: November 2014

Archaeological Studies of Pacific Stone Resources. Edited by Foss Leach and Janet Davidson. BAR International Series 104, 1981. Pp. 237. £UK9.50.
Review
Authors: Bonhomme T.
Published: November 2014

Man and Environment in the Great Basin. Edited by David B. Madsen and James F. O'Connell. Society for American Archaeology SAA Papers No. 2. 1982. Pp. vi + 242. $US14.95.

Affluent Foragers. Edited by Shuzo Koyama and David Hurst Thomas. Senri Enthnological Studies No. 9. 1981. ISBN 0387–6004. Pp. 295.
Review
Authors: Rowland M. J.
Published: November 2014

Quaternary coastlines and marine archaeology. Edited by P. M. Masters and N. C. Flemming. Academic Press, New York, 1983. ISBN 0 12 479250 2 Pp. v + 641. Price: $US42.00.
Review
Authors: Vanderwal Ron
Published: November 2014

The Torres Strait Collections of A. C. Haddon: A Descriptive Catalogue. By David R. Moore. British Museum Publications, London, 1984. ISBN 0‐7141‐1569‐X.
Review
Authors: Green R. C.
Published: November 2014

Subsistence and conflict in Kona, Hawaii: an archaeological study of the Kuakini Highway realignment corridor. By Rose Schilt with contributions by six other authors. B. P. Bishop Museum, Department of Anthropology, Departmental Report Series, Report 84‐1, 1984. Pp. vxi + 427. Price $US12.00 ISBN 0‐910240‐96‐5
Review
Authors: Bellwood Peter
Published: November 2014

The Prehistory of Indonesia. Edited by Pieter van de Velde. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal‐, Land‐ en Volkenkunde 104, 1984. ISBN 90 6765 058 7. Pp.viii + 404. No price given.
Review
Authors: Pardoe Colin
Published: November 2014

Aboriginal Society in South‐Eastern Australia Edited by Isabel McBryde. Aboriginal History, Volume 8, 1984 Pp. 237. Price: $8.00. ISSN 0314 8769.
Review
Authors: Allen Jim
Published: November 2014

Prehistory in the Pacific Islands By John Terrell. Cambridge University Press, 1986. ISBN 0‐521‐30604‐3. Pp. xvi + 299. $59.50.
Review
Authors: Glover Ian
Published: November 2014

Prehistory of the Indo‐Malaysian Archipelago By Peter Bellwood. Academic Press, Sydney, 1985. Pp. x + 370. Cloth: ISBN 0 12 085370 1, $68.50; Paper: ISBN 0 12 085371 X, $35.00.
Review
Authors: Frankel David
Published: November 2014

Archaeology of the Dreamtime. The Story of Prehistoric Australia and its People. By Josephine Flood. Collins Australia, Sydney. Revised edition, 1989. ISBN 0 7322 2544 2. Pp. 302. Price $A29.95 (paper).
Spatial analysis of the Nenumbo (SE‐RF‐2) Lapita site, Solomon Islands
Authors: Sheppard Peter J. , Green Roger C.
Published: November 2014

Data on the spatial distribution of features, pottery, lithic materials, fishbones and shellfish are used to examine spatial organization in the SE‐RF‐2 Lapita site (Reef Islands, Southeast Solomons). It is shown that the site is at most a small hamlet and consisted of a large rectilinear central structure with an adjacent cooking area. It is argued that the distribution of imports (pottery, chert, obsidian) with different transport costs cannot be explained in simple economic terms and that their movement was embedded in a set of important social relations.
Review
Authors: Allen Harry
Published: November 2014

Digging through Darkness: Chronicles of an Archaeologist. By Carmel Schrire. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, 1995. ISBN 0‐8139‐1558‐9. Pp. 286. USD29.95.
A systems biology strategy to identify molecular mechanisms of action and protein indicators of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Yu Chenggang , Boutté Angela , Yu Xueping , Dutta Bhaskar , Feala Jacob D. , Schmid Kara , Dave Jitendra , Tawa Gregory J. , Wallqvist Anders , Reifman Jaques
Published: November 2014

The multifactorial nature of traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially the complex secondary tissue injury involving intertwined networks of molecular pathways that mediate cellular behavior, has confounded attempts to elucidate the pathology underlying the progression of TBI. Here, systems biology strategies are exploited to identify novel molecular mechanisms and protein indicators of brain injury. To this end, we performed a meta‐analysis of four distinct high‐throughput gene expression studies involving different animal models of TBI. By using canonical pathways and a large human protein‐interaction network as a scaffold, we separately overlaid the gene expression data from each study to identify molecular signatures that were conserved across the different studies. At 24 hr after injury, the significantly activated molecular signatures were nonspecific to TBI, whereas the significantly suppressed molecular signatures were specific to the nervous system. In particular, we identified a suppressed subnetwork consisting of 58 highly interacting, coregulated proteins associated with synaptic function. We selected three proteins from this subnetwork, postsynaptic density protein 95, nitric oxide synthase 1, and disrupted in schizophrenia 1, and hypothesized that their abundance would be significantly reduced after TBI. In a penetrating ballistic‐like brain injury rat model of severe TBI, Western blot analysis confirmed our hypothesis. In addition, our analysis recovered 12 previously identified protein biomarkers of TBI. The results suggest that systems biology may provide an efficient, high‐yield approach to generate testable hypotheses that can be experimentally validated to identify novel mechanisms of action and molecular indicators of TBI. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of the fractional CO2 laser resurfacing in the treatment of photoaging in Asians: Five years long‐term results
Authors: Tan Jun , Lei Ying , Ouyang Hua‐Wei , Gold Michael H.
Published: November 2014

Background and Objective

The purpose of this clinical paper is to explore the therapeutic effects, healing times, adverse effects, and maintenance periods of using a CO2 fractional laser in the treatment of photoaging in Asian skin.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

One fractional CO2 laser procedure was performed on the full face in 56 patients with photoaging. Based on the Dover scoring system, we evaluated the degree of skin aging before treatment and at one‐month post laser and at five years post laser therapy in 30 of the patients. Statistical analysis was performed by the Wilcoxon's method.

Results

Thirty of the treated patients have had follow‐up for 5 years at this time. The photoaging scores in these thirty patients were significantly changed (P < 0.01) at one month, one year, and five years after the fractional laser treatment, as compared with their baseline. Adverse events seen during this analysis were found to be minimal and not of clinical significance.

Conclusions

Fractional CO2 laser resurfacing in the treatment of photoaging in Asians is a useful modality with results, for the first time, being shown to have continued efficacy for up to 5 years. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:750–756, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Boundary regularity of minimizers of $p(x)$-energy functionals
Authors: Ragusa Maria Alessandra , Tachikawa Atsushi
Published: November 2014

The paper is devoted to the study of the regularity on the boundary

∂Ω

of a bounded open set

\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{m}

for minimizers

u

for

p(x)

-energy functionals of the following type

\mathcal{E}(u;\Omega ): = \int \limits_{\Omega }\left(g^{\alpha \beta }(x)G_{ij}(u)D_{\alpha }u^{i}(x)D_{\beta }u^{j}(x)\right)^{p(x)/ 2}dx

where

(g^{\alpha \beta }(x))

and

(G_{ij}(u))

are symmetric positive definite matrices whose entries are continuous functions and

p(x) \geq 2

is a continuous function. The authors prove that such minimizers

u

have no singular points on the boundary.

Dans cet article, les auteurs étudient la régularité sur la frontière

∂Ω

d'un ouvert borné

\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{m}

des minimiseurs

u

des fonctionnelles d'énergie

p(x)

du type suivant :

\mathcal{E}(u;\Omega ): = \int \limits_{\Omega }\left(g^{\alpha \beta }(x)G_{ij}(u)D_{\alpha }u^{i}(x)D_{\beta }u^{j}(x)\right)^{p(x)/ 2}dx,

où

(g^{\alpha \beta }(x))

et

(G_{ij}(u))

sont des matrices symétriques définies positives dont les éléments sont des fonctions continues et

p(x) \geq 2

est une fonction continue. Les auteurs prouvent que ces minimiseurs

u

n'ont pas de point singulier sur la frontière

∂Ω

.
Enhancement of magnetocaloric effect in the Gd2Al phase by Co alloying
Authors: Huang Z. Y. , Fu H. , Hadimani R. L. , Agurgo Balfour E. , Dembele S. N. , Teng B. H. , Jiles D. C.
Published: November 2014

To understand the effect of Co doping on the magnetic entropy changes in Gd2Al phase, a series of Gd2AlCox alloys with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6 were synthesized by arc-melting and the crystal structure was analyzed by XRD. The magnetic properties were investigated, and the entropy changes were calculated for a magnetic field change of 50 kOe. All the as-cast alloys doped with Co exhibited greater magnetic entropy changes than the original binary Gd2Al phase. The main reasons attributed to this are the increase of ferromagnetic interaction indicated by the disappearance of cusp and sharp drop in magnetization and the reduction of the critical field required to trigger the field-induced transition below 50 K in Gd2Al phase after Co alloying.
Stiffness and strength of oxygen-functionalized graphene with vacancies
Authors: Zandiatashbar A. , Ban E. , Picu R. C.
Published: November 2014

The 2D elastic modulus (E2D) and strength (σ2D) of defective graphene sheets containing vacancies, epoxide, and hydroxyl functional groups are evaluated at 300 K by atomistic simulations. The fraction of vacancies is controlled in the range 0% to 5%, while the density of functional groups corresponds to O:C ratios in the range 0% to 25%. In-plane modulus and strength diagrams as functions of vacancy and functional group densities are generated using models with a single type of defect and with combinations of two types of defects (vacancies and functional groups). It is observed that in models containing only vacancies, the rate at which strength decreases with increasing the concentration of defects is largest, followed by models containing only epoxide groups and those with only hydroxyl groups. The effect on modulus of vacancies and epoxides present alone in the model is similar, and much stronger than that of hydroxyl groups. When the concentration of defects is large, the combined effect of the functional groups and vacancies cannot be obtained as the superposition of individual effects of the two types of defects. The elastic modulus deteriorates faster (slower) than predicted by superposition in systems containing vacancies and hydroxyl groups (vacancies and epoxide groups).
Temperature dependences of dynamic hysteresis in Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 ceramics extending over Curie temperature
Authors: Chen Xuefeng , Zhou Zhiyong , Wang Junxia , Nie Hengchang , Cao Fei , Dong Xianlin , Wang Genshui
Published: November 2014

Dynamic hysteresis of Nb-doped Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 ferroelectric ceramics with the first-order phase transition was investigated in a wide temperature (T) range from 293 K to 433 K, which extended over its Curie temperature (Tc = 422 K) and another transition temperature (T0 = 413 K). Three linear scaling relations were obtained when the working fields E0 were over 1.5 times of coercive field Ec, where the well-saturated loops occurred. The highest applicable temperature of these scaling relations was T0 (not Tc) because of the coexistence of stable ferroelectric phase and metastable paraelectric phase in the range between T0 and Tc. As E0 decreased, the lowest applicable temperature shifted to the higher and the temperature range became narrow.
Impact of internal crystalline boundaries on lattice thermal conductivity: Importance of boundary structure and spacing
Authors: Aghababaei Ramin , Anciaux Guillaume , Molinari Jean-François
Published: November 2014

The low thermal conductivity of nano-crystalline materials is commonly explained via diffusive scattering of phonons by internal boundaries. In this study, we have quantitatively studied phonon-crystalline boundaries scattering and its effect on the overall lattice thermal conductivity of crystalline bodies. Various types of crystalline boundaries such as stacking faults, twins, and grain boundaries have been considered in FCC crystalline structures. Accordingly, the specularity coefficient has been determined for different boundaries as the probability of the specular scattering across boundaries. Our results show that in the presence of internal boundaries, the lattice thermal conductivity can be characterized by two parameters: (1) boundary spacing and (2) boundary excess free volume. We show that the inverse of the lattice thermal conductivity depends linearly on a non-dimensional quantity which is the ratio of boundary excess free volume over boundary spacing. This shows that phonon scattering across crystalline boundaries is mainly a geometrically favorable process rather than an energetic one. Using the kinetic theory of phonon transport, we present a simple analytical model which can be used to evaluate the lattice thermal conductivity of nano-crystalline materials where the ratio can be considered as an average density of excess free volume. While this study is focused on FCC crystalline materials, where inter-atomic potentials and corresponding defect structures have been well studied in the past, the results would be quantitatively applicable for semiconductors in which heat transport is mainly due to phonon transport.
Determination of the adhesion energy of graphene on SiC(0001) via measurement of pleat defects
Authors: Wells G. H. , Hopf T. , Vassilevski K. V. , Escobedo-Cousin E. , Wright N. G. , Horsfall A. B. , Goss J. P. , O'Neill A. G. , Hunt M. R. C.
Published: November 2014

Pleat defects in graphene grown on SiC(0001) were studied and used to determine the adhesion energy between few-layer graphene (3 ± 1 monolayers) and the substrate. An adhesion energy of 3.0±1.01.6J/m2 was determined using a continuum model describing the buckling of the film and delamination. The continuum model used can be applied to any graphene-substrate system in which pleat formation occurs due to differences in thermal expansion. The large value of adhesion energy observed for graphene on SiC, compared with that on materials such as Ni, Cu, and SiO2, arises from delamination of the graphene film and buffer layer from the SiC substrate, which requires the breaking of covalent bonds. Preferential orientation of pleats at 120° with respect to each other was also observed; this is attributed to favorable formation of pleats along high symmetry directions of the graphene lattice.
Confronting the Collateral Consequences of a Criminal Conviction: A Special Challenge for Social Work With Offenders
Authors: BURTON, JR. VELMER S. , Fisher Colleen M. , Jonson Cheryl Lero , Cullen Francis T.
Published: November 2014

Millions of former offenders—often members of racial ethnic minority or other disenfranchised groups—experience restrictionson their legal and civil rights as the collateral consequences of their criminal conviction. It is critical for the social workers and other human service professionals who frequently interface with this population to understand these collateral consequences to effectively serve their clients with criminal convictions. This exploratory study examined the impact these collateral consequences may haveon social work practice with offenders. We assessed practitioners’ awareness, knowledge, and experiences with the collateral consequences of clients’ criminal convictions and practitioner efforts as‘‘agents of restoration’’ to pursue statutorily available court-ordered expungements of their clients’ criminal conviction records. Findings revealed that practitioners lacked awareness of collateral consequences, their application, and expungement. Recommendations to enhance social work practitioners’ ability to address andreduce the far-reaching collateral consequences of incurring acriminal conviction are discussed.
Increased evolutionary rate in the 2014 West African Ebola outbreak is due to transient polymorphism and not positive selection
Authors: Spielman Stephanie J. , Meyer Austin G. , Wilke Claus O.
Published: November 2014

Gire et al. (Science345:1369–1372, 2014) analyzed 81 complete genomes sampled from the 2014 Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) outbreak and reported “rapid accumulation of […] genetic variation” and a substitution rate that was “roughly twice as high within the 2014 outbreak as between outbreaks.” These findings have received widespread attention, and many have perceived Gire et al. (2014)’s results as implying rapid adaptation of EBOV to humans during the current outbreak. Here, we argue that, on the contrary, sequence divergence in EBOV is rather limited, and that the currently available data contain no robust signal of particularly rapid evolution or adaptation to humans. The doubled substitution rate can be attributed entirely to the application of a molecular-clock model to a population of sequences with minimal divergence and segregating polymorphisms. Our results highlight how subtle technical aspects of sophisticated evolutionary analysis methods may result in highly-publicized, misconstrued statements about an ongoing public health crisis.
Are capital structure decisions of service SMEs different? Empirical evidence from Portugal
Authors: Serrasqueiro Zélia
Published: November 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the importance of information asymmetry in the relationships between Portuguese SME's capital structure decisions and creditors, comparing the results of service SME with those found in manufacturing SMEs.

Design/methodology/approach

Two samples of Portuguese SMEs are considered: one sample is composed by 610 unlisted service SMEs; and, the other sample is made up by 381 unlisted SMEs in manufacturing industry, for the period 1999‐2006. To estimate the results, the two‐step estimation method is used, to control possible bias arising from data selection. In the first step, probit regression is used. In the second step, after the control for possible data bias, dynamic panel estimators are used.

Findings

The results obtained suggest that information asymmetry in the relationships between SMEs and creditors has a greater relative influence on capital structure decisions of service SMEs than on those of manufacturing SMEs.

Practical implications

Given the increasing importance of service SMEs in the Portuguese economy for stimulating employment, business volume, and consequently economic growth, it would be advisable for policy makers to create special long‐term lines of credit, with advantageous terms, so that Portuguese service SMEs, when internal finance is insufficient, can finance more efficiently the growth opportunities and the strategies for diversification. In addition, since SMEs' capital structure decisions present differences, both concerning the sector of industry and over time, the measures adopted by policy makers should differentiate their measures between industry sectors and over time.

Originality/value

First, this paper is pioneering in comparing the adjustment of actual short‐ and long‐term debts, in service and manufacturing SMEs, towards the respective target ratios. Second, it is pioneering in using dynamic estimators and in using the two‐step estimation method, in studies of determinants of capital structure decisions of service and manufacturing SMEs.
External auditor characteristics and internal control reporting under SOX section 302
Authors: Stephens Nathaniel M.
Published: November 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether external auditor traits influenced the reporting of internal control deficiencies (ICDs) prior to SOX‐mandated audits, holding constant the existence of a control weakness.

Design/methodology/approach

Data are collected from publicly available sources such as Securities and Exchange Commission filings and Audit Analytics database.

Findings

Companies that were audited by industry leading auditors were more likely to disclose ICDs prior to SOX‐mandated audits and that companies with longer client‐auditor tenure were less likely to disclose ICDs prior to SOX‐mandated audits.

Originality/value

These findings suggest that while external auditors were not required to participate in internal control evaluation and certifications prior to their audit of internal control for the 2004 fiscal year, they nevertheless influence the likelihood of ICD disclosure prior to their initial audit.