bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergencias de la crisis: figuras antiheroicas del emprendimiento juvenil en España
Authors: Santamaría López Elsa , Carbajo Padilla Diego
Published: June 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es conocer las claves que conforman el emprendimiento como un programa gubernamental reactivado durante la última crisis económica y profundizar en los efectos que está generando en la juventud española. La hipótesis de partida es que, en las políticas de empleo recomendadas por la Comisión Europea e impulsadas por el gobierno español, el emprendimiento juvenil ha adquirido centralidad como una solución de emergencia al desempleo y la precariedad laboral que sufren los jóvenes, pero sin embargo tiene consecuencias en los regímenes de subjetivación que convoca. Para ello, se analiza este programa gubernamental y se propone el concepto de gramática del emprendimiento para dar cuenta de cómo agentes de diferentes ámbitos -político, educativo, financiero, mediático- convocan una moral, una disposición del ánimo y un tipo de subjetividad emprendedora que resulta paradójica, cuando no irrealizable. A partir de los relatos de jóvenes involucrados en el emprendimiento, extraídos de un trabajo de campo cualitativo, se revisan y proponen algunas figuras analíticas —emperdedor, emprendeudor, emprecario— que condensan los malestares y contradicciones que surgen a partir de esta gramática.
Del ¡Ni una más! al #NiUnaMenos: movimientos de mujeres y feminismos en América Latina
Authors: Revilla Blanco Marisa
Published: June 2019

Este artículo se centra en el análisis del alcance de los movimientos de mujeres y feministas de América Latina en la última década. Así, su objetivo principal radica en la comprensión de las dinámicas de acción y movilización de estos movimientos y sus efectos en la construcción de movimientos sociales que articulan identidades colectivas complejas, plurales y diversas. Para el análisis, destacaré dos procesos que permiten comprender sus características actuales: 1) la diversificación de identidades (desde las mujeres indígenas y afrodescendientes a los feminismos lésbicos) y su “solapamiento” movilizador (conflictos extractivos; conflictos laborales, etc.) y 2) la diversificación de los espacios de participación, desde las manifestaciones en la calle, a la incorporación de la participación digital a través del uso de APPs, incluyendo las producciones audiovisuales -videos de denuncia, raperas, etc. Todo ello contribuye a la ampliación del alcance y la difusión de las acciones y a su mayor presencia en comunidades sociales virtuales.
Narrativas de resistencia: análisis de tres organizaciones de mujeres en Colombia
Authors: Garrido Ortolá Anabel
Published: June 2019

Entre la diversidad del movimiento social de mujeres en Colombia se puede identificar, en algunas organizaciones de mujeres, el desarrollo de relatos compartidos. Éstos son producto de la participación sexuada en la guerra que giran en torno a la construcción de paz del país. Éstos se han configurado mediante la convergencia entre vivencias personales, y la generación de espacios propios de resignificación. El presente estudio se centra en el análisis de las narrativas colectivas conformadas a través de tres organizaciones de mujeres en Colombia: la Organización Femenina Popular (OFP), la Ruta Pacífica de las Mujeres y la Red Nacional de las Mujeres (RNM). El objetivo de este artículo es comprender la configuración de las narrativas de estas tres organizaciones de mujeres ̶ mediante sus relatos y dinámicas de acción ̶ y la confrontación, apropiación y resistencia a la hegemonía narrativa.
De viktige bildebokvalgene – lesing av bildebøker som estetisk aktivitet i 38 barnehager
Authors: Øines Anne Marie
Published: June 2019

Denne artikkelen omhandler et utviklingsarbeid som involverte 38 barnehager. Et av målene med arbeidet var at barnehagene skulle få økt kompetanse om nye bildebøker. Et annet var at de skulle få økt kunnskap, og forståelse for verdien av lesing som en estetisk aktivitet. Fokuset for denne teksten har vært å se på i hvilken grad bokutvalget, og kvalitetskriteriene for hva som er gode bildebøker har endret seg blant de ansatte etter deltakelse i prosjektet. En av endringene ser ut til å være at pedagogene oftere enn før velger bildebøker av nyere dato; en annen endring er at barnehagelærerne oftere leser komplekse bildebøker med et tolkningspotensiale i seg. Materialet viser at begge disse endringene har ført til større leselyst blant barna. En tredje endring ser ut til å være at bokutvalget har endret seg fra et tilfeldig til et gjennomtenkt og faglig begrunnet utvalg.
English abstract
The importance of choosing the most suitable picture books – reading picture books as an aesthetic activity in 38 kindergartens
This article is about a development project that involved 38 kindergartens. One of the purposes of the work was to give the kindergartens increased competence about modern picture books. Another purpose was to enhance their knowledge and understanding of the importance of reading as an aesthetic activity. The focus of this text has been to investigate if the selection of books, and the criterions for what constitutes a quality picture book, have changed through participation in this project. One of the changes seems to be that kindergarten teachers more frequently choose to read modern picture books, another alteration is that they more often read complex picture books with higher potential for interpretation. The material shows that both these alterations have encouraged a greater eager for reading among the children. A third change seems to be that the selection process of picture books has moved from being random to more reflected and well-reasoned.
Norvelt: Worker's Haven and Missed Opportunity
Authors: Kelly Timothy , Power Margaret
Published: June 2019

Norvelt is a New Deal subsistence homestead community in western Pennsylvania established to provide secure and comfortable homes, access to healthy food, and an affirming cooperative community to unemployed miners and their families. It succeeded in these aims, but its virtual exclusion of African American residents affirmed the racial prejudice and discrimination that permeated much of the New Deal. Creating an integrated community would have met with great resistance from white residents, who voted to exclude African American applicants, and from powerful regional voices already suspicious of what they considered to be a socialist experiment. Accommodating racial prejudice perpetuated injustices that denied African Americans access to opportunities available to whites.
Prestressed Concrete I-Girder Optimization via Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Adibaskoro Tito , Suarjana Made
Published: June 2019

Prestressed concrete has been gaining popularity in the construction industry because of its many advantages, which include reduced dead load due to less material used and overall cost savings. Nonetheless, a single prestressed concrete I-girder as a structural element in highway bridges is still significantly costly and massive, so optimization can yield a significant amount of cost savings as well as reduced material consumption. In this study, prestressed concrete I-girder optimization was carried out by implementing a genetic algorithm (GA), a method inspired by nature's evolution and natural selection. This study evaluates a number of aspects of applying a genetic algorithm for optimization of material cost of a prestressed concrete I-girder design. A new method for calculating the fitness value is proposed, which was proven to be essential for the application developed in this study. The best solution that resulted from the optimization process is presented, defined by being the least costly solution while still maintaining compliance with the AASHTO LRFD 2007 design code, which includes ultimate strength, service stresses and deflection, detailing requirements, geometrical feasibility, etc. Lastly, a sensitivity analysis was carried out, discussing the influence of the starting conditions on the output of the optimization process.
Gaussian Process Regression for Prediction of Sulfate Content in Lakes of China
Authors: Zhao Jingying , Guo Hai , Han Min , Tang Haoran , Li Xiaoniu
Published: June 2019

In recent years, environmental pollution has become more and more serious, especially water pollution. In this study, the method of Gaussian process regression was used to build a prediction model for the sulphate content of lakes using several water quality variables as inputs. The sulphate content and other variable water quality data from 100 stations operated at lakes along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were used for developing the four models. The selected water quality data, consisting of water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen conductivity, chlorophyll, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen, were used as inputs for several different Gaussian process regression models. The experimental results showed that the Gaussian process regression model using an exponential kernel had the smallest prediction error. Its mean absolute error (MAE) of 5.0464 and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 7.269 were smaller than those of the other three Gaussian process regression models. By contrast, in the experiment, the model used in this study had a smaller error than linear regression, decision tree, support vector regression, Boosting trees, Bagging trees and other models, making it more suitable for prediction of the sulphate content in lakes. The method proposed in this paper can effectively predict the sulphate content in water, providing a new kind of auxiliary method for water detection.
Alkaline-assisted Microwave Pretreatment of Tetraselmis suecica Biomass for Fed-batch Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Authors: Kassim Mohd Asyraf , Meng Tan Kean , Serri Noor Aziah
Published: June 2019

A two-part study on pretreatment and fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated Tetraselmis suecica using a high initial biomass concentration was conducted. First, the effect of different pretreatment processes, i.e. microwave (MC), dilute alkaline (AK), and microwave-alkaline assisted (MAK) pretreatment, on enzymatic hydrolysis of T. suecica biomass was evaluated. Furthermore, high initial biomass concentration enzymatic hydrolysis improvement via a fed-batch strategy was performed. Among the pretreatments tested, the MAK pretreatment produced the highest sugar concentration at 9.83 ± 0.24 mg/mL, corresponding to a conversion yield of up to 85.58% of carbohydrate content available in the pretreated biomass. The solid fraction generated after pretreatment was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FTIR analysis revealed a significant change in the functional hydroxyl and acetyl groups of the biomass, which is favorable for enzymatic hydrolysis. Introducing an initial microalgal biomass concentration beyond 15% (w/v) exhibited a low enzymatic hydrolysis yield. The fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis strategy of the MAK pretreated T. suecica was further investigated by adding the substrate at different time intervals. The findings indicate that the fed-batch operation system could enhance sugar production and enzymatic hydrolysis yield one-fold.
Data Sets for the Reporting of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: Recommendations From The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting
Authors: Louis David N. , Wesseling Pieter , Brandner Sebastian , Brat Daniel J. , Ellison David W. , Giangaspero Felice , Hattab Eyas M. , Hawkins Cynthia , Judge Meagan J. , Kleinschmidt-DeMasters Bette , Komori Takashi , McLean Catriona , Paulus Werner , Perry Arie , Reifenberger Guido , Weller Michael , Rous Brian
Published: June 2019

Context.—

Standards for pathology reporting of cancer are foundational to national and international benchmarking, epidemiology, and clinical trials, with international standards for pathology reporting of cancer being undertaken through the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR).

Objective.—

To develop standardized templates for brain tumor diagnostic pathology reporting.

Design.—

As a response to the 2016 updated 4th edition of the WHO (World Health Organization) Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System (2016 CNS WHO), an expert ICCR committee developed data sets to facilitate reporting of brain tumors that are classified histologically and molecularly by the 2016 CNS WHO; as such, this represents the first combined histologic and molecular ICCR data set, and required a novel approach with 3 highly related data sets that should be used in an integrated manner.

Results.—

The current article and accompanying ICCR Web site describe reporting data sets for central nervous system tumors in the hope that they provide easy-to-use and highly reproducible means to issue diagnostic reports in consort with the 2016 CNS WHO.

Conclusions.—

The consistent use of these templates will undoubtedly prove useful for patient care, clinical trials, epidemiologic studies, and monitoring of neuro-oncologic care around the world.
A myopic view of “necessity and sufficiency:” a case of conjunctivitis?
Authors: Anderson David J. , Sternberg Paul W.
Published: June 2019

A recent perspective has argued that the phrase “Necessary and Sufficient,” long a staple of the genetics literature, has been misapplied in the context of neuroscience, and should be abandoned (Yoshihara and Yoshihara, 2018). Here we rebut this proposal on both logical and semantic grounds. We argue that the claim that “Necessary and Sufficient” is “misapplied” in genetics and neuroscience rests on its narrow meaning in formal logic, in which the phrase is used to define the properties of classes of objects. In genetics, however, this term is used as shorthand to summarize the results of different kinds of experiments. This logical conflict, moreover, applies only to the conjunctive phrase “Necessary and Sufficient;” the unlinked use of those words to describe genetic results is simply a matter of semantics.
Quantifying morphological variation in the Castilleja pilosa species complex (Orobanchaceae)
Authors: Jacobs Sarah J. , Herzog Sarah , Tank David C.
Published: June 2019

Robustly delimited species are of paramount importance, the identification of which relies on our ability to discern boundaries between one species and the next. This is not difficult to do when species are very distinct from one another. However, in recently evolved lineages where putative species may have relatively few diagnostic features (e.g., species complexes composed of very similar species, the boundaries between which are often unclear), defining species boundaries can be more challenging. Hence, the field of species delimitation has widely advocated the use of multiple lines of evidence to delimit species, particularly in species complexes. Excessive taxonomic confusion, often the result of species descriptions that shift through time (e.g., during revisionary work and regional treatments), can further complicate the search for diagnostic features in species complexes. Here, as a first step in robustly delimiting species boundaries, we quantify and describe morphological variation in the Castilleja pilosa species complex. We first infer the morphospace of the species complex and use fuzzy-clustering techniques to explore the morphological variation in the system. Next, we hypothesize the position of type specimens within that morphospace. In so doing, we aim to visualize the impact that regional treatments have had on the conceptualization of taxa through time. We find that there is limited morphological variation among members of this complex, and we determine that the morphological concept of these species have shifted through time and are no longer accurately represented by species descriptions.
Electrodermal activity during Lower Paleolithic stone tool handling
Authors: Fedato Annapaola , Silva‐Gago María , Terradillos‐Bernal Marcos , Alonso‐Alcalde Rodrigo , Martín‐Guerra Elena , Bruner Emiliano
Published: June 2019

Objectives

Hand coordination is a key feature in primate evolution at both behavioral and cognitive levels. Humans further improved their manual abilities, and their cognitive niche is deeply associated with hand‐tool relationships and technological capacity. A main cognitive change is thought to be related to the transition from Oldowan to Acheulean stone tool technology around 1.7 million years ago. In this survey, we test whether distinct Lower Paleolithic tools induce different electrophysiological reactions during haptic exploration.

Methods

Electrodermal activity is a relatively quick way to measure emotional and attentional changes during specific tasks. We analyzed changes of the electrodermal response and electrodermal level during Oldowan and Acheulean stone tool handling in a sample of 46 right‐handed adult subjects with no previous archeological knowledge.

Results

Electrodermal proxies for attention and emotion display a skewed distribution. Females present more variable reactions than males and more emotional engagement. Acheulean tools require longer manipulation time and exert less emotional response than Oldowan tools. Attention is influenced by tool length and weight, emotion is sensitive to tool thickness and weight, and manipulation time depends on tool length and width.

Conclusions

This study suggests subtle but detectable perceptual differences when handling Oldowan and Acheulean stone tools. Such variations associated with hand‐tool interaction can provide information on haptic and prosthetic capacities associated with our specialized technological resources. Perceptual changes in the archeological record can reveal evolutionary changes in the corresponding body‐tool cognitive mechanisms.
Systematic model‐based design of tolerant chemical reactors
Authors: Maußner Johannes , Dreiser Christian , Wachsen Olaf , Freund Hannsjörg
Published: June 2019

With the raw material and energy transition to biomass‐based feedstocks and renewable energy sources, flexible chemical reactor designs which are capable of converting more than one feedstock will become increasingly important in the chemical industry. In the present work, we refer to chemical reactors which can convert multiple different feedstocks to a desired product with a high and consistent quality as tolerant chemical reactors and propose a systematic model‐based design strategy. The proposed design approach is based on the concept of elementary process functions and the so‐called multilevel reactor design (MLRD) methodology. We use a multiscenario formulation to consider different possible feedstock scenarios and formulate a general multi‐objective dynamic optimization problem that is solved using the direct transcription approach in combination with a scalarization method such as, for example, the normal boundary intersection method or the normalized normal constraint method. The proposed approach is illustrated on the synthesis of maleic anhydride from different n‐butenes and n‐butane feedstocks. The resulting segmented fixed‐bed reactor concept is capable of converting the different feedstocks to maleic anhydride while satisfying additional performance and safety constraints. The results highlight the potential of the proposed design approach.
Highly efficient and green approach for the synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives in the presence of novel Brønsted acidic ionic liquids incorporated in UiO‐66 nanocages
Authors: Mirhosseini‐Eshkevari Boshra , Ghasemzadeh Mohammad Ali , Esnaashari Manzarbanoo
Published: June 2019

An efficient and green approach is reported for the rapid synthesis of spirocyclic 2‐oxindole using triethylenediamine or imidazole Brønsted acidic ionic liquids supported in Zr metal–organic framework (TEDA/IMIZ‐BAIL@UiO‐66) as a novel, superior and retrievable heterogeneous catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation. Heterocyclic compounds including pyrido[2,3‐d:6,5‐d′]dipyrimidines and indeno[2′,1′:5,6]pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines were obtained by the one‐pot condensation reaction of 6‐amino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil, isatins and cyclic 1,3‐diketone (barbituric acid or 1,3‐indanedione). The reusability of the catalyst, low catalyst loading, short reaction times, excellent yields, simple work‐up, and use of sonochemical procedure as a mild process and an alternative energy source are some of the advantages of this method. Furthermore, the novel heterogeneous nanocomposite was fully characterized using various techniques.
Excellent photocatalytic reduction of nitroarenes to aminoarenes by BiVO4 nanoparticles grafted on reduced graphene oxide (rGO/BiVO4)
Authors: Azad Roya , Bezaatpour Abolfazl , Amiri Mandana , Eskandari Habibollah , Nouhi Sima , Taffa Dereje H. , Wark Michael , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine
Published: June 2019

A novel heterogeneous composite material based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) was prepared and characterized by various techniques such as powder XRD, HRTEM, EADX, UV–Vis‐DRS, FT‐IR, Raman, BET and XPS analyses. The characterization results reveal that the rGO well decorated by BiVO4. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows the increasing of charge transfer of rGO/BiVO4 in presence of light irradiation. In this research, the pure BiVO4 and rGO/BiVO4 composite have been explored for photocatalytic reduction of nitroarenes. Among the prepared nanocomposites, rGO loaded with 10% BiVO4 catalyst (noted as rGO/BiVO4–10%) shows the best performance for the photo‐reduction of various nitroaromatic molecules to their corresponding amine compounds under visible‐light irradiation at room temperature. The catalyst exhibited in particular excellent photocatalytic activity for the conversion of 1,4‐dinitrobenzene to 4‐nitroanilline (100% conversion) in 20 min, 4‐chloronitrobenzene to 4‐chloroaniline and 2‐nitrophenol to 2‐aminophenol (100% conversion) in only 30 min. In addition, the conversion of 4‐bromonitrobenzene, 4‐iodonitrobenzene to their corresponding amine compounds (100% conversion) was achieved in 60 min. The catalyst was recovered for several times and reused without decreasing of its efficiency.
Compostable composites of wheat stalk micro‐ and nanocrystalline cellulose and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate): Surface properties and degradation behavior
Authors: Giri Jyoti , Lach Ralf , Grellmann Wolfgang , Susan Md. Abu Bin Hasan , Saiter Jean‐Marc , Henning Sven , Katiyar Vimal , Adhikari Rameshwar
Published: June 2019

An agricultural waste, the wheat stalk, was used for the extraction of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) via a series of thermochemical and mechanical treatments. The MCC and NCC were then compounded with the biodegradable polymer, poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate), PBAT, by melt mixing. The properties of the composites were evaluated by soil composting, contact angle and water absorption measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The cellulosic filler was found, as per SEM results, to uniformly disperse in the polymer matrix forming a quite homogeneous composite which visibly degraded completely within a few months under soil composting and showed high water absorption, these properties being enhanced with the filler content. Compared to the neat PBAT, the composites showed enhanced surface hydrophilicity thereby increasing the ability of degradation. In spite of seemingly remarkable change in mechanical stability of the polymers under soil burial for several months, relatively low lowering of the molecular weight was observed. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48149.
Interaction of platinum agents, cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin against albumin in vivo rats and in vitro study using inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometory
Authors: Kato Ryuji , Sato Takaji , Iwamoto Asuka , Yamazaki Taku , Nakashiro Satomi , Yoshikai Shoichi , Fujimoto Ayumi , Imano Hideki , Ijiri Yoshio , Mino Yoshiki , Chikuma Masahiko , Tanaka Kazuhiko , Hayashi Tetsuya
Published: June 2019

The protein binding rates (PBR) of platinum‐containing agents cisplatin (CDDP), carboplatin (CBDCA) and oxaliplatin (L‐OHP) have been reported as 98%, 25–50% and 98%, respectively. To investigate the protein‐binding properties of albumin with cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) was used to measure their plasma concentration in rats over time. The study also examined the effects of cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin‐binding on albumin in vitro, using CD spectrometry and native‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native PAGE). The ratios of PBR to irreversible PBR, of cisplatin and oxaliplatin were 98%:98% and 90%:87%, respectively, indicating a higher affinity for irreversible binding with albumin. That of carboplatin was 25%:10%, indicating 60–70% reversible binding with albumin. The plasma protein binding rate concentrations of cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin after in vivo administration were 96%, 15% and 80%, respectively. The CD spectrometry of albumin was unaffected by cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin binding. Though similar protein binding rates were observed with oxaliplatin and cisplatin, oxaliplatin had a higher mobility rate during PAGE. It was confirmed that the binding of cisplatin and oxaliplatin with albumin affected its electric charge but not the structure. In conclusion, cisplatin and oxaliplatin bind irreversibly with albumin in plasma and may irreversibly interact with tissue protein and/or DNA. The difficulties involved with predicting the tissue concentrations of cisplatin and oxaliplatin from their plasma concentration inhibits their therapeutic drug monitoring. On the contrary, carboplatin, like some generic drugs, reversibly binds to plasma proteins. It is, therefore, possible to conduct therapeutic drug monitoring for carboplatin.
Ready‐to‐Use Stocks of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Can Simplify Process Development for the Production of Recombinant Proteins by Transient Expression in Plants
Authors: Spiegel Holger , Boes Alexander , Perales Morales Camil , Rademacher Thomas , Buyel Johannes F.
Published: June 2019

Large‐scale automated transient protein expression in plants requires the synchronization of cultivation and bacterial fermentation, especially if more than one bacterial strain. Therefore, a ready‐to‐use approach that decouples bacterial fermentation and infiltration is developed. It is found that bacterial cultures can easily be reconstituted in infiltration medium at a user‐defined time, optical density, and quantity. This allows the process flow to be staggered, avoiding bottlenecks in process capacity and labor. Using the red fluorescent protein, DsRed, as a model product, the ready‐to‐use preparations achieved the same yields in infiltrated plant biomass as Agrobacterium tumefaciens derived from regular fermentations. It is possible to store the ready‐to‐use stocks at –20 °C and –80 °C for more than two months without loss of activity. Using a consolidated cost model for the current fermentation process, it is found that the ready‐to‐use strategy can reduce operational costs by 20–95% and investment costs by up to 75%, which would otherwise offset the economic advantages of plants over mammalian expression systems during upstream production. Furthermore, the staggered cultivation of plants and bacteria reduces the likelihood of batch failure and thus increases the robustness and flexibility of transient expression for the production of recombinant proteins in plants.
Engineering tissue‐specific blood vessels
Authors: Herron Lauren A. , Hansen Corey S. , Abaci Hasan E.
Published: June 2019

Vascular diversity among organs has recently become widely recognized. Several studies using mouse and human fetal tissues revealed distinct characteristics of organ‐specific vasculature in molecular and functional levels. Thorough understanding of vascular heterogeneities in human adult tissues is significant for developing novel strategies for targeted drug delivery and tissue regeneration. Recent advancements in microfabrication techniques, biomaterials, and differentiation protocols allowed for incorporation of microvasculature into engineered organs. Such vascularized organ models represent physiologically relevant platforms that may offer innovative tools for dissecting the effects of the organ microenvironment on vascular development and expand our present knowledge on organ‐specific human vasculature. In this article, we provide an overview of the current structural and molecular evidence on microvascular diversity, bioengineering methods used to recapitulate the microenvironmental cues, and recent vascularized three‐dimensional organ models from the perspective of tissue‐specific vasculature.
Cu2O Photocathode with Faster Charge Transfer by Fully Reacted Cu Seed Layer to Enhance Performance of Hydrogen Evolution in Solar Water Splitting Applications
Authors: Jung Kichang , Lim Taehoon , Bae Hyojung , Ha Jun‐Seok , Martinez‐Morales Alfredo A.
Published: June 2019

In this work, we study the effect of Cu2O film obtained from a fully reacted Cu seed layer as a photoelectrode in photoelectrochemical cells. The full reaction of the Cu layer shows an enhanced photocurrent density and improved efficiency in hydrogen evolution. The photocurrent density of textured Cu2O (0.58 mA cm−2 at 0 V vs. RHE), without an unreacted Cu layer is two times higher than films containing an unreacted Cu layer (0.29 mA cm−2 at 0 V vs. RHE), under AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW cm−2). The thickness of the unreacted Cu layer influences significantly the charge transfer process at the interface between the Cu2O and electrolyte. The enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of textured Cu2O is attributed to the reduced charge recombination resulting from a longer carrier lifetime in the Cu2O layer. Experimentally we confirmed that the unreacted Cu layer inhibits the photoelectrochemical performance of Cu2O‐based photocathodes. The elimination of the unreacted Cu layer leads to higher photocurrent density.
ANFIS and Deep Learning based missing sensor data prediction in IoT
Authors: Guzel Metehan , Kok Ibrahim , Akay Diyar , Ozdemir Suat
Published: June 2019

Internet of Things (IoT) consists of billions of devices that generate big data which is characterized by the large volume, velocity, and heterogeneity. In the heterogeneous IoT ecosystem, it is not so surprising that these sensor‐generated data are considered to be noisy, uncertain, erroneous, and missing due to the lack of battery power, communication errors, and malfunctioning devices. This paper presents Deep Learning (DL) and Adaptive‐Network based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) based prediction models for missing sensor data problem in IoT ecosystem. First, we build ANFIS based models and optimize their parameters. Then, we construct DL based models by using Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network structure and optimize its parameters by applying the grid search method. Finally, we evaluate all the proposed models with Intel Berkeley Lab dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed models can significantly improve the prediction accuracy and may be promising for missing sensor data prediction.
A context‐aware framework for modelling and verification of smart parking systems in urban cities
Authors: Mahfooz Ul Haque Hafiz , Zulfiqar Haidar , Ahmed Abrar , Ali Yasir
Published: June 2019

Parking spaces have been considered as vital resources in urban areas. Finding parking spaces in jam‐packed areas is often challenging, stressful, and uncertain for the drivers that causes traffic congestion with a consequent of wastage of time, fuel, and increase of pollution. In recent years, context‐aware computing paradigm has been considered to be the most effective approach to address these kinds of issues. Context‐aware systems acquire and understand contextual information according to the current situation, perform reasoning, and then act intelligently on behalf of the user. These applications often run on tiny resource‐bounded smart devices with the incorporation of embedded or attached sensors on these devices and they often exhibit complex and adaptive behaviour. In this paper, we propose a context‐aware parking application framework to assist drivers in finding parking slots dynamically while moving and/or arriving at the destination. We optimize the context‐aware parking framework with bounds on computational resources for the decision support dynamically in a highly decentralized environment. To illustrate the use of the proposed system, we model the context‐aware parking system using Uppaal model checker for formal analysis and verify the correctness properties of the system.
A heuristic approach on metadata recommendation for search engine optimization
Authors: An Sojung , Jung Jason J.
Published: June 2019

This study aims to recommend metadata for building a high ranking in Search Engine Result Page (SERP) by considering Search Engine Optimizations (SEO). For online marketing, it is important to place their websites on the top rank in a result of search engines. However, on‐page techniques of traditional SEO do not have logical foundation to select metadata. Metadata is an important element to prioritize of websites when search engine indexing for user queries. Thereby, for online marketing, this study proposes a method for recommending metadata, which consists of two steps: i) combining keywords and metadata from high‐ranked websites, and ii) evaluating the importance of terms based on semantic relevance. First, terms are selected with influential keywords and metadata by using their frequency and weight. Second, prioritize the terms according to semantic relevance based on a competitive learning model. We evaluated the validity of the proposed method by using three queries in Google. Experimental results demonstrate that it increases traffic of a website, by using terms, which are high‐ranked websites and semantic relevance.
Genomewide Association Study of Statin‐Induced Myopathy in Patients Recruited Using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Carr Daniel F. , Francis Ben , Jorgensen Andrea L. , Zhang Eunice , Chinoy Hector , Heckbert Susan R. , Bis Joshua C. , Brody Jennifer A. , Floyd James S. , Psaty Bruce M. , Molokhia Mariam , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Conforti Anita , Alfirevic Ana , van Staa Tjeerd , Pirmohamed Munir
Published: June 2019

Statins can be associated with myopathy. We have undertaken a genomewide association study (GWAS) to discover and validate genetic risk factors for statin‐induced myopathy in a “real‐world” setting. One hundred thirty‐five patients with statin myopathy recruited via the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink were genotyped using the Illumina OmniExpress Exome version 1.0 Bead Chip and compared with the Wellcome Trust Case‐Control Consortium (n = 2,501). Nominally statistically significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) signals in the GWAS (P < 5 × 10−5) were further evaluated in several independent cohorts (comprising 332 cases and 449 drug‐tolerant controls). Only one (rs4149056/c.521C>T in the SLCO1B1 gene) SNP was genomewide significant in the severe myopathy (creatine kinase > 10 × upper limit of normal or rhabdomyolysis) group (P = 2.55 × 10−9; odds ratio 5.15; 95% confidence interval 3.13–8.45). The association with SLCO1B1 was present for several statins and replicated in the independent validation cohorts. The data highlight the role of SLCO1B1 c.521C>T SNP as a replicable genetic risk factor for statin myopathy. No other novel genetic risk factors with a similar effect size were identified.
Continuous Hydrogenation of Ethyl Levulinate to 1,4‐Pentanediol over 2.8Cu‐3.5Fe/SBA‐15 Catalyst at Low Loading: The Effect of Fe Doping
Authors: Deng Tianyu , Yan Long , Li Xinglong , Fu Yao
Published: June 2019

Bimetallic Cu–Fe catalysts with low loading were prepared for hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate (EL) to 1,4‐pentanediol (1,4‐PDO). Among them, 2.8Cu‐3.5Fe/SBA‐15 (Cu/Fe molar ratio of 1:1.5) performed best, capable of converting EL to the key intermediate γ‐valerolactone (GVL) at 140 °C with 97 % yield. It can also be used to hydrogenate GVL to 1,4‐PDO with 92.6 % selectivity or convert EL to 1,4‐PDO in one pot. The high activity of the catalyst at such a low loading was attributed to the highly dispersed metal species and the Fe doping effect. Various characterization methods indicated that Fe acted as both structural and electronic modifier to promote the chemical properties of the Cu species. Besides, the incorporation of Fe provided abundant Lewis acid sites and accelerated the reaction process. CuFeO2 was detected by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and XRD. On the basis of a combination of characterization and reaction kinetics, synergistic catalysis by Cu0 and CuFeO2 is considered to be responsible for the excellent performance of the Cu–Fe catalysts.
Embryonic development of a parthenogenetic vertebrate, the mourning gecko (Lepidodactylus lugubris)
Authors: Griffing Aaron H. , Sanger Thomas J. , Daza Juan D. , Nielsen Stuart V. , Pinto Brendan J. , Stanley Edward L. , Gamble Tony
Published: June 2019

Background

One goal of evolutionary developmental biology is to understand the role of development in the origin of phenotypic novelty and convergent evolution. Geckos are an ideal system to study this topic, as they are species‐rich and exhibit a suite of diverse morphologies—many of which have independently evolved multiple times within geckos.

Results

We characterized and discretized the embryonic development of Lepidodactylus lugubris—an all‐female, parthenogenetic gecko species. We also used soft‐tissue μCT to characterize the development of the brain and central nervous system, which is difficult to visualize using traditional microscopy techniques. Additionally, we sequenced and assembled a de novo transcriptome for a late‐stage embryo as a resource for generating future developmental tools. Herein, we describe the derived and conserved patterns of L. lugubris development in the context of squamate evolution and development.

Conclusions

This embryonic staging series, μCT data, and transcriptome together serve as critical enabling resources to study morphological evolution and development, the evolution and development of parthenogenesis, and other questions concerning vertebrate evolution and development in an emerging gecko model.
Predictors of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors in U.S. young adults: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Murray Stuart B. , Bibbins‐Domingo Kirsten , Garber Andrea K. , Mitchison Deborah , Griffiths Scott
Published: June 2019

Objective

To determine adolescent predictors of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors in young men and women using a nationally representative longitudinal sample in the United States and to examine differences by sex.

Method

We used nationally representative longitudinal cohort data collected from baseline (11–18 years old, 1994–1995) and 7‐year follow‐up (18–24 years old, 2001–2002) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We examined adolescent demographic, behavioral, and mental health predictors of young adult muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors defined as eating more or differently to gain weight or bulk up, supplements to gain weight or bulk up, or androgenic anabolic steroid use at 7‐year follow‐up.

Results

Of the 14,891 included participants, 22% of males and 5% of females reported any muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behavior at follow‐up in young adulthood. Factors recorded at adolescence that were prospectively associated with higher odds of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in both sexes included black race, exercising to gain weight, self‐perception of being underweight, and lower body mass index z‐score. In addition, participation in weightlifting; roller‐blading, roller‐skating, skate‐boarding, or bicycling; and alcohol among males and depressive symptoms among females during adolescence were associated with higher odds of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in young adulthood.

Conclusions

Interventions to prevent muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors may target at‐risk youth, particularly those of black race or who engage in exercise to gain weight. Future research should examine longitudinal health outcomes associated with muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) and its phylogenetic implications
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Cheng Qiqun , Ge Yushuang
Published: June 2019

Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) is a typical small cold water fish, which is distributed widely and mainly inhabits in East Asia. Here, we sequenced and determined the complete mitochondrial genome of R. oxycephalus and studied its phylogenetic implication. R. oxycephalus mitogenome is 16,609 bp in length (GenBank accession no.: MH885043), and it contains 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and two noncoding regions (the control region and the putative origin of light‐strand replication). 12 PCGs started with ATG, while COI used GTG as the start codon. The secondary structure of tRNA‐Ser (AGN) lacks the dihydrouracil (DHU) arm. The control region is 943bp in length, with a termination‐associated sequence, six conserved sequence blocks (CSB‐1, CSB‐2, CSB‐3, CSB‐D, CSB‐E, CSB‐F), and a repetitive sequence. Phylogenetic analysis was performed with maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods based on the concatenated nucleotide sequence of 13 PCGs and the complete sequence without control region, and the result revealed that the relationship between R. oxycephalus and R. percnurus is closest, while the relationship with R. kumgangensis is farthest. The genus Rhynchocypris is revealed as a polyphyletic group, and R. kumgangensis had distant relationship with other Rhynchocypris species. In addition, COI and ND2 genes are considered as the fittest DNA barcoding gene in genus Rhynchocypris. This work provides additional molecular information for studying R. oxycephalus conservation genetics and evolutionary relationships.
From canopy to seed: Loss of snow drives directional changes in forest composition
Authors: Bisbing Sarah M. , Buma Brian J. , Oakes Lauren E. , Krapek John , Bidlack Allison L.
Published: June 2019

Climate change is altering the conditions for tree recruitment, growth, and survival, and impacting forest community composition. Across southeast Alaska, USA, and British Columbia, Canada,Callitropsis nootkatensis(Alaska yellow‐cedar) is experiencing extensive climate change‐induced canopy mortality due to fine‐root death during soil freezing events following warmer winters and the loss of insulating snowpack. Here, we examine the effects of ongoing, climate‐driven canopy mortality on forest community composition and identify potential shifts in stand trajectories due to the loss of a single canopy species. We sampled canopy and regenerating forest communities across the extent ofC. nootkatensisdecline in southeast Alaska to quantify the effects of climate, community, and stand‐level drivers onC. nootkatensiscanopy mortality and regeneration as well as postdecline regenerating community composition. Across the plot network,C. nootkatensisexhibited significantly higher mortality than co‐occurring conifers across all size classes and locations. Regenerating community composition was highly variable but closely related to the severity ofC. nootkatensismortality.Callitropsis nootkatensiscanopy mortality was correlated with winter temperatures and precipitation as well as local soil drainage, with regenerating community composition andC. nootkatensisregeneration abundances best explained by available seed source. In areas of highC. nootkatensismortality,C. nootkatensisregeneration was low and replaced byTsuga. Our study suggests that climate‐induced forest mortality is driving alternate successional pathways in forests whereC. nootkatensiswas once a major component. These pathways are likely to lead to long‐term shifts in forest community composition and stand dynamics. Our analysis fills a critical knowledge gap on forest ecosystem response and rearrangement following the climate‐driven decline of a single species, providing new insight into stand dynamics in a changing climate. As tree species across the globe are increasingly stressed by climate change‐induced alteration of suitable habitat, identifying the autecological factors contributing to successful regeneration, or lack thereof, will provide key insight into forest resilience and persistence on the landscape.
How extreme is extreme? Demographic approaches inform the occurrence and ecological relevance of extreme events
Authors: Latimer Christopher E. , Zuckerberg Benjamin
Published: June 2019

Projected increases in the variability of both temperature and precipitation will result in the greater likelihood and magnitude of extreme weather (e.g., cold snaps, droughts, heat waves) with potential implications for animal populations. Despite the ecological consequences of extreme weather, there are several challenges in identifying extreme events and measuring their influence on key demographic processes in free‐living animals. First, there is often a mismatch between the spatial and/or temporal resolution of biological and climate data that could hinder our ability to draw accurate inferences about how species and populations respond to extreme events. Second, there are multiple approaches for identifying an extreme event ranging from statistical definitions (e.g., standardized deviates) to species‐specific biological thresholds. Lastly, the impacts of extreme weather on species can vary as a function of differences in exposure and intrinsic sensitivity to climate variability. In the Northern Hemisphere, rapid warming has contributed to a “wobblier” jet stream that promotes the higher likelihood of cold Arctic air moving southward and leading to more extreme winter conditions. Due to these conditions, the Upper Midwest experienced two of the coldest winters in the past 35 yr during 2014 and 2015. We combined radiofrequency identification technologies with fine‐scale weather data and standard capture–mark–recapture analyses to estimate weekly and overwinter survival rates of a common winter passerine, the Black‐capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus), in a near continuous fashion. Using both statistical and biological definitions of weather extremes, we found that declining ambient temperatures reduced survival (despite the presence of favorable microclimates), and that biologically defined thresholds of extreme weather were better at explaining variation in survival than statistical ones. Moreover, habitat fragmentation interacted with temperature to modify the exposure of birds to extreme weather with survival consequences, but sensitivity, as measured by body condition, did not appear to play a significant role. These results provide a novel contribution to the understanding of how extreme weather may interact with local‐ and landscape features to influence the demography of species and populations, and suggest potential opportunities for climate‐change adaptation in human‐dominated landscapes.