bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Anesthesia Type on Blood Glucose in Intraoperative Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Mixrova Sebayang Septian , Burhan Asmat , Susanti Indah
Published: November 2023

Background: systematic literature review investigating the impact of different anesthetics on intraoperative blood glucose levels of diabetic patients. Method: Databases including ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley were searched for RCTs (randomized controlled trials) that examined the effects of various anesthetics on intraoperative blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. In one study, two researchers independently used eligibility criteria to examine the literature, extracted the data, and used RevMan 5.3 software to perform the meta-analysis. Results: We used trials for meta-analysis with seven randomized controlled trial overall with a total sample of 519 intraoperative diabetic patients. Compared with general anesthesia, it was found that the general anesthesia-epidural combination had superior glycemic control in intraoperative blood glucose levels, based on the meta-analysis results (SMD -1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] -4.57 to -3.41), however epidural anesthesia did not show comparable superiority.  Conclusions: Combined general-epidural anesthesia offers better glycemic control for postoperative blood sugar levels compared to general anesthesia, based on existing data.
Originale pædagoger
Authors: Schmidt Christina Haandbæk
Published: November 2023

Denne artikel handler om, hvordan pædagoger skaber faglighed(er) udspændt mellem egne faglige idealer, etiske og pædagogiske ståsteder og en uddannelsespolitisk læringsdagsorden, der rammesætter, hvad den ‘gode’ pædagogik er i daginstitutionen. Artiklen er en lettere redigeret udgave af mit ph.d.-forsvar over afhandlingen “Originale pædagoger – Daginstitutionspædagogers faglighed(er) i lyset af en insisterende læringsdagsorden”. Forsvaret fandt sted fredag den 19. maj 2017 på Aarhus Universitet (DPU). Omdrejningspunktet for ph.d.-projektet har været at undersøge, hvordan daginstitutionspædagoger gøres til politiske subjekter, som er ansvarlige for at få læringsstrategier ud at virke i pædagogisk praksis.
The perception of the ethnic identity of the Irish Travellers
Authors:   Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Economics and Management, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic, Händlová Tereza
Published: November 2023

This article examines the changing ethnic identity of Irish Travellers, an indigenous, traditionally nomadic group in Ireland with unique linguistic and cultural characteristics. Using fieldwork and unstructured interviews, the study reveals how their identity is adapting amidst social and cultural change. It highlights the fluidity of Traveller identity as it is affected by globalisation, societal integration and efforts to maintain traditional values. Historically, their identity has been suppressed by the state, which has tended to categorise them as a social group. The research highlights the incomplete assimilation of Travellers and the eventual recognition of their ethnic identity in 2017, driven by advocacy groups and international organisations. Despite the loss of their nomadic lifestyle, informants express a strong sense of belonging to the Traveller community. The study concludes with the wider implications of these findings for understanding the dynamics of ethnic identity in minority groups.
Overcoming System Complexity using Models and Knowledge Structures. Editorial Introduction to Issue 36 of CSIMQ
Authors: Nazaruka Erika , Robal Tarmo
Published: November 2023

Models allow us to simplify reality and give advantages to both decomposition and abstraction. Models can have various forms from textual, tabular, mathematical, and graphical to a combination of these formats. Formal models can be processed, or even executed, by machines. An engineering model must satisfy such characteristics as abstraction, understandability, accuracy, predictiveness, and inexpensiveness. Models explicitly represent knowledge of the modeled domain in a form suitable for reasoning about them and learning. Knowledge may be descriptive, structural, procedural, meta-, or heuristic. Focus on one type of knowledge during the analysis may ignore the other one. Moreover, analysis and reasoning also rely on data representation forms which may lose accuracy due to simplification and different assumptions. Therefore, completeness, correctness, and adequacy of knowledge as well as particularities of the representing structure may affect the results of knowledge processing and decision making. Therefore, the capability of models (and other structures) to represent knowledge completely, adequately, and accurately is still a matter of various research activities. This issue of CSIMQ is devoted to this matter.
Using Fractal Enterprise Modeling in Strategic Analysis with Focus on Intangibles: Empirical Study in Product Innovation
Authors:   Stockholm University, Department of Data and System Science, Kista, Stockholm, 16466, Sweden, Klyukina Victoria
Published: November 2023

This article presents a new meta-modeling approach for intangible resources. The method combines Enterprise Modeling (EM) and the resource value innovation model from the knowledge management (KM) field. In particular, fractal enterprise modeling (FEM) language has been used for constructing the intangible resources’ level of development. The practical application of the proposed method deploys a real case example in the strategic analysis of the organizational change within the product innovation activities. The results imply that the proposed method has a good potential to incorporate the intangibles into EM. First, it has been possible to represent the intangible resources’ level of development. Second, the FEM models produced in the study have been useful in the analysis of how tacit knowledge is acquired and appropriated within the organization’s strategic capability building. The study resulted in producing modeling and analyzing patterns that can be reused in similar situations. The research followed the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology.
ASSESSMENT OF THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF COMPANIES IN MARKET CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Authors: Stevanović Suzana
Published: November 2023

The transformation of the economic system according to the standards of market developed countries and the implementation of long-term privatization have conditioned companies in the Republic of Srpska to find opportunities to preserve their financial stability in the newly created market environment. It is well known that turbulent markets have always favored those companies that can provide good financial stability and that adapt quickly to turbulent market changes. Therefore, the companies of Republic of Srpska have been adapting to the market way of doing business all these years in order to try to build financial stability in unfair competition, which would provide them with a certain reputation in turbulent markets. With the struggle to adapt to the market way of doing business in the last year of business under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies in Republic of Srpska are going through various unexpected challenges that they need to overcome in order to ensure financial stability. From the context of the above, the research is focused on assessing the financial stability of companies in market conditions under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this regard, the research attaches importance to the assessment of financial stability on the example of a specific company in market conditions under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, using basic analytical indicators used in assessing the financial stability of the company.
THE ENTREPRENEURIAL STATE AND CRISIS
Authors: Petrović Vesna
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we consider the relationship between the entrepreneurial state and the crisis (caused by economic and non-economic reasons and vice versa). Thus, it is about the interactive attitude of the entrepreneurial state in resolving the crisis and the impact of the crisis on the further development of new economic competencies and competencies of the state in the economy. The entrepreneurial state is seen as an entrepreneur and one of the most important economic actors, which accepts long-term investment risks, bearing in mind the broader picture and the common good. The development of new technologies and new technology companies in the United States and other developed countries has been possible, thanks to the investment of the American entrepreneurial state and its agencies. We start from the assumption that the American crisis, in 2008. caused by high debts, the private sector, not the US public debt, which today is enormously high and skyrocketing. At the heart of this consideration is the thesis that the classical economic theory of non-interference of the state in economic life, which stands aside in the recent era of the development of global capitalism, does not hold water. On the contrary, it turns out that government risky investment in the long run is the basis of a modern economy in which the private sector can develop only on the premises of this huge investment in the development of modern new technologies. Most innovation today and research institutes in the United States are due to the investments of the American state. The paper discusses the impact of the crisis on the understanding of the entrepreneurial state and its role in innovation, the role of new technologies and innovations in economic growth, entrepreneurial state and risks, entrepreneurial state and knowledge economy, entrepreneurial state in "pushing" versus "pulling" the green industrial revolution and the cost of investment, innovation, and development of the American entrepreneurial state.
THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN’S ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Authors: Janaćković Marko
Published: November 2023

This paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment on the important component of social development, women's entrepreneurship. Promoting gender equality is one of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, which advocates for the reduction of women's unemployment as well as their empowerment. The country of Turkey was taken as an example, for the reason that there has been an increase in women's entrepreneurial activity in the last two decades, but it is still not at а level of entrepreneural development in developed countries. The paper pays special attention to the answer on the question of whether foreign direct investment contributes to higher employment of women in Turkey, as well as to identify the obstacles that stand in the way of women's empowerment and the development of women's entrepreneurship. The practical examples described in the paper unequivocally indicate the importance of the development of women's entrepreneurship, as well as the fact that the bearers of Turkey's economic policy in the future must pay more attention to the issue of attracting foreign direct investment.
СОЦИЈАЛНИ КАПИТАЛ, ЊЕГОВЕ ПАРАДИГМЕ И ОСТВАРИВАЊЕ ДОСТОЈАНСТВА ЉУДСКЕ РАДНЕ ДЕЛАТНОСТИ
Authors: Живковић Александар
Published: November 2023

Развој производних снага у двадесетом, а посебно у двадесет првом веку, одвија се у знаку афирмације знања, као основног ресурса развоја друштва и промена у његовој цивилизацији која поприма нову епоху у његовом еволутивном развоју. Значај знања израстао је захваљујући променама у садржају и карактеру човекове радне делатности, исказаној у њеној интелектуализацији, а која се остварује пре свега не у ангажовању и трошењу снаге човекових мишића, већ у активирању, испољавању и потврђивању његових интелектуалних способности. Промене у садржају и карактеру човекове радне делатности захтевају и промене у парадигмама његовог менаџмента на свим нивоима њеног испољавања од конкретних облика организованости до глобалног устројства друштва. Те промене, полазећи од промена у њеном садржај, треба да означе усаглашавање захтева њене сврсисходно-циљне делатности са одређеним позитивним последицама, стваралачко-профитерским аспектима и човековим особинама као мислећег и вредносног бића на линији схватања, промишљања и третирања човека у радној делатности у све мањој мери као бића способног да испољи захтеве извршиоца радних налога, а све више као стваралачког бића. Оваквим развојем еволуција љуског друштва означила би његов развој у правцу остваривања човека као ствараоца што је у складу са развојем човека као бића sui generis.
ФИСКАЛНЕ ИМПЛИКАЦИЈЕ КРИЗЕ ИЗАЗВАНЕ ПАНДЕМИЈОМ КОВИДА 19 У СВЕТУ
Authors: Ђуровић Тодоровић Јадранка , Ристић Цакић Милица
Published: November 2023

Владе свих држава света суочиле су се са здравственом кризом изазваном пандемијом ковида-19 у претходној и текућој години. Ова криза је прерасла у економску кризу, с обзиром на то да је за њено превазилажење било неопходно обезбедити огромна финансијска средства. Осим тога, владе су „упумпавале“ додатне количине новца снабдевајући привреду и становништво новом ликвидношћу кроз субвенције и једнократне помоћи у виду „новца из хеликоптера“.Све ово је допринело погоршању фискалних перформанси економија у свету. У раду су анализиране економске и фискалне перформансе водећих економија света попут Европске уније, САД, Кине и Русије. Циљ рада је да укаже на последице примењених мера у домену монетарне и фискалне политике на раст буџетског дефицита и јавног дуга у свету.
UTICAJ PANDEMIJE KOVIDA-19 NA GLOBALNU MOBILNOST U ZAJEDNICI
Authors: Katanić Predrag , Drakul Borislav
Published: November 2023

Krajem 2019. godine u Kini u provinciji Vuhan pojavio se novi koronavirus, uzrokujući pojavu slučajeva bolesti nazvane kovid-19. Ova bolest se brzo proširila na druge zemlje svijeta. Većina zemalja je procijenila da je najbolja strategija za borbu protiv kovida-19 sprečavanje prenosa virusa socijalnim distanciranjem. Da bi olakšao praćenje mobilnosti ljudi u 135 zemalja svijeta, Google je 2020. godine počeo svakodnevno sa objavljivanjem podataka o globalnoj mobilnosti putem izvještaja, koji nosi naziv “Community Mobility Reports”. Ovaj izvještaj pruža procentualnu promjenu aktivnosti na šest grupisanih lokacija, u poređenju sa onom u referentnim danima prije proglašenja pandemije kovida-19. Mi smo u ovom radu proučavali dinamiku ljudske mobilnosti tokom pandemije kovida-19 u 18 zemalja širom svijeta počevši od 15.2.2020. pa do 9.3.2021. godine. Dobijene podatke smo grafički prikazali, zatim statistički obradili i prikazali u nekoliko tabela. Smatramo da se podaci do kojih smo došli u ovom radu mogu koristiti za mnoga druga istraživanja u raznim sferama života i rada ljudi.
САВРЕМЕНЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИЈЕ У ПРАЋЕЊУ СПРЕМНОСТИ ЗЕМАЉА ЗА ПРИМЕНУ ИНФОРМАЦИОНО-КОМУНИКАЦИОНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЈА У POST-КОВИД ПЕРИОДУ
Authors: Станкић Раде , Јаковљевић Александра
Published: November 2023

Праћење спремности земаља за примену информационо-комуникационих технологија (ИКТ) има вишегодишњу традицију. Она се огледа кроз примену различитих синтетичких показатеља – индекса, које су за те сврхе креирале различите организације и асоцијације. Од ових показатеља се очекује да, са једне стране, одражавају нове трендове у ИКТ области, а са друге стране, да мере спремност и постигнућа појединих земаља у примени тих нових технологија. Циљ овог рада јесте да прикаже значајне промене у структури једног од најпознатијих индекса за праћење спремности земаља за примену информационо-комуникационих технологија - Network Readiness Index (NRI), који је у употреби скоро две деценије. У раду је посебно наглашено сагледавање примене овог индекса у праћењу процеса дигиталне трансформације на нивоу економског и друштвеног развоја појединих земаља, посебно у условима ковид кризе. Такође, сагледане су и тенденције овог процеса у постковид периоду. Праћење процеса дигиталне трансформације на нивоу земаља карактерише вишедимензионални приступ. У том смислу приказана је сложена структура најновије верзије овог индекса која се заснива на 60 индикатора, а који су синтетички повезани у четири области: технолошки трендови, капацитети људских ресурса за примену нових технологија, значај владиних регулатива, као и утицај нових технологија на економију, квалитет живота и остварење Одрживих развојних циљева Уједињених нација (UN Sustainable Development Goals - SDGs) прихваћених 2015. године. Такође, у раду је разматрана позиција Србије и осталих земаља Западног Балкана мерена у контексту новокреираног индекса, и приказано је поређење ових земаља са земљама Европске уније.
STUDI TENTANG TRAVELLING SALESMAN DAN VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM DENGAN TIME WINDOWS
Authors: Sutapa I Nyoman , Widyadana I Gede Agus , Christine Christine
Published: November 2023

The article shows the study of model development of travelling salesman problem. Three models are studied, i.e. travelling salesman problem with time windows, vehicle routing problem, and vehicle routing problem with time windows.

Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia :

Dalam artikel ini dipaparkan kajian mengenai pengembangan model travelling salesman problem. Ada tiga model yang dikaji yaitu travelling salesman problem dengan time windows, vehicle routing problem, serta vehicle routing problem dengan time windows.

Kata-kunci: travelling salesman problem, vehicle routing problem, time windows.
Emergency Department Visit Rates After Ambulatory Surgery
Authors: Rajasingh Charlotte M. , Wren Sherry M.
Published: November 2023

This cohort study compares the rates of emergency department visits after cholecystectomy, transurethral resection of the prostate, and knee arthroplasty at freestanding ambulatory surgery centers vs hospital-owned surgery centers.
Using Electronic Health Records and Linked Claims Data to Assess New Medication Use and Primary Nonadherence in Rheumatology Patients
Authors: Beukelman Timothy , Su Yujie , Xie Fenglong , George Michael D. , England Bryant R. , Curtis Christian , Clinton Cassie , Stewart Patrick , Curtis Jeffrey R.
Published: November 2023

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of new medication prescriptions observed in electronic health records (EHR) that represent true incident medication use, accounting for undocumented previous prescriptions (prevalent medication use) and failure to initiate treatment (primary nonadherence) with linked administrative claims data as the reference standard.

Methods

Using single‐specialty rheumatology EHR data from more than 700 community practices in the United States linked to administrative claims data, we identified first (index) EHR prescriptions and assessed the positive predictive value (PPV) of different EHR‐derived new user definitions to identify true incident use (no prior claims). We then assessed how often index EHR prescriptions that met a definition of new use resulted in primary nonadherence (no subsequent claims).

Results

Overall, 12,405 index EHR prescriptions were identified with PPVs of 0.59 to 0.67 for true incident use. PPVs increased to 0.76 to 0.85 by excluding medications listed during the EHR medication reconciliation process and further increased to 0.87 to 0.93 by requiring ≥12 elapsed months since the first rheumatology office visit. Primary nonadherence at three months was observed in 33% to 38% overall and varied substantially by medication class, ranging from 15% to 23% for conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to 54% to 64% for targeted synthetic DMARDs.

Conclusion

New DMARD use was accurately distinguished from prevalent use with EHR prescriptions and simple new user definitions that include current medications collected during medication reconciliation. Primary nonadherence was frequent and varied by DMARD class. This has important implications for epidemiologic studies using EHR data and for optimal delivery of clinical care.
Multipurpose Domesticity: Labour, Leisure and Kitchen Tables
Authors: Nielsen Holly
Published: November 2023

In the grip of the viral contagion of the recent past and its attendant lockdowns, many of us started working from home for the first time and transitioning to various online communication methods such as Zoom or Teams. However, home working is not a new phenomenon; our domestic spaces have always had to embrace and adapt to multifunctional activities they may not have been designed for. The introduction of online spaces, though, adds a new layer to consider. Historian and writer Holly Nielsen explores our contemporary domestic condition, its histories and its interaction with electronic space.
Celebrating the Glitch: The Multispatial Work of Ibiye Camp
Authors: Hopkins Owen
Published: November 2023

Artist Ibiye Camp exploits the supposed exactitude of digital technologies and uses its potential for glitches as imaginative tools. Her work focuses on the African continent and its diaspora. Guest‐Editor Owen Hopkins talked to her about her working methods and the spatial opportunities they provide.
3D π–d Conjugated Coordination Polymer Enabling Ultralong Life Magnesium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Feng Shuo , Zhang Mochun , Ma Yanxia , Ding Xue , Yan Tianran , Wu Yunling , Huang Wei , Zhang Liang , Ye Hualin , Ji Yujin , Li Youyong , Li Yanguang
Published: November 2023

There has been increasing interests in π–d conjugated coordination polymers (CCPs) for energy storage because of their rapid charge transfer through long‐range planar π–d conjugation between ligands and metal centers. Nevertheless, currently reported CCPs for energy storage are mostly based on 1D or 2D structures. There are few 3D CCPs reported to date because of the great challenge in constructing nonplanar coordination geometries, let alone their applications in multivalent ions storage. Herein, a triphenylene‐catecholate‐based 3D CCP (Mn‐HHTP) is successfully synthesized assembled from the multidentate chelating groups of hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) ligands and their isotropic coordination with Mn2+ ions. The 3D conjugated structure of Mn‐HHTP enables an exceptional cycle life of >4000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1 for multivalent Mg2+ ion storage, which is far superior to most organic and inorganic electrode materials. Experimental characterizations combined with theoretical calculations indicate that the semiquinone radicals at the HHTP ligands are the electroactive centers for Mg2+ ions storage. The excellent performance of Mn‐HHTP opens a new avenue towards the design of 3D CCPs for long‐life rechargeable magnesium‐ion batteries.
Facilitating Layered Oxide Cathodes Based on Orbital Hybridization for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Marvelous Air Stability, Controllable High Voltage, and Anion Redox Chemistry
Authors: Jia Xin‐Bei , Wang Jingqiang , Liu Yi‐Feng , Zhu Yan‐Fang , Li Jia‐Yang , Li Yan‐Jiang , Chou Shu‐Lei , Xiao Yao
Published: November 2023

Layered oxides have become the research focus of cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to the low cost, simple synthesis process, and high specific capacity. However, the poor air stability, unstable phase structure under high voltage, and slow anionic redox kinetics hinder their commercial application. In recent years, the concept of manipulating orbital hybridization has been proposed to simultaneously regulate the microelectronic structure and modify the surface chemistry environment intrinsically. In this review, the hybridization modes between atoms in 3d/4d transition metal (TM) orbitals and O 2p orbitals near the region of the Fermi energy level (EF) are summarized based on orbital hybridization theory and first‐principles calculations as well as various sophisticated characterizations. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms are explored from macro‐scale to micro‐scale, including enhancing air stability, modulating high working voltage, and stabilizing anionic redox chemistry. Meanwhile, the origin, formation conditions, and different types of orbital hybridization, as well as its application in layered oxide cathodes are presented, which provide insights into the design and preparation of cathode materials. Ultimately, the main challenges in the development of orbital hybridization and its potential for the production application are also discussed, pointing out the route for high‐performance practical sodium layered oxide cathodes.
Evolution of Short‐Range Order of Amorphous GeTe Upon Structural Relaxation Obtained by TEM Diffractometry and RMC Methods
Authors: Stenz Christian , Pries Julian , Surta T. Wesley , Gaultois Michael W. , Wuttig Matthias
Published: November 2023

Glasses frequently reveal structural relaxation that leads to changes in their physical properties including enthalpy, specific volume, and resistivity. Analyzing the short‐range order (SRO) obtained from electron diffraction by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in combination with Reverse‐Monte‐Carlo (RMC) simulations is shown to provide information on the atomic arrangement. The technique elaborated here features several benefits including reliability, accessibility, and allows for obtaining detailed structural data quickly. This is demonstrated with a detailed view of the structural changes in the as‐deposited amorphous phase change material (PCM) GeTe. The data show a significant increase in the average bond angle upon thermal treatment. At the same time the fraction of tetrahedrally coordinated Ge atoms decreases due to an increase in octahedrally distorted and pyramidal motifs. This finding provides further evidence for the atomic processes that govern structural relaxation in amorphous GeTe and other PCMs. A thorough literature review finally unveils possible origins of the large discrepancies reported on the structure of amorphous GeTe.
Optimizing Perovskite Thin‐Film Parameter Spaces with Machine Learning‐Guided Robotic Platform for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Jiyun , Liu Bowen , Liu Ziyi , Wu Jianchang , Arnold Simon , Shi Hongyang , Osterrieder Tobias , Hauch Jens A. , Wu Zhenni , Luo Junsheng , Wagner Jerrit , Berger Christian G. , Stubhan Tobias , Schmitt Frederik , Zhang Kaicheng , Sytnyk Mykhailo , Heumueller Thomas , Sutter‐Fella Carolin M. , Peters Ian Marius , Zhao Yicheng , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: November 2023

Simultaneously optimizing the processing parameters of functional thin films remains a challenge. The design and utilization of a fully automated platform called SPINBOT is presented for the engineering of solution‐processed functional thin films. The SPINBOT is capable of performing experiments with high sampling variability through the unsupervised processing of hundreds of substrates with exceptional experimental control. Through the iterative optimization process enabled by the Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm, the SPINBOT explores an intricate parameter space, continuously improving the quality and reproducibility of the produced thin films. This machine learning (ML)‐guided reliable SPINBOT platform enables the acceleration of the optimization process of perovskite solar cells via a simple photoluminescence characterization of films. As a result, this study arrives at an optimal film that, when processed into a solar cell in an ambient atmosphere, immediately yields a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.6% with satisfactory performance reproducibility. The unsealed devices retain 90% of their initial efficiency after 1100 h of continuous operation at 60–65 °C under metal‐halide lamps. It is anticipated that the integration of robotic platforms with the intelligent algorithm will facilitate the widespread adoption of effective autonomous experimentation to address the evolving needs and constraints within the materials science research community.
Lead‐free organic–inorganic hybrid scintillators for X‐ray detection
Authors: Cui Haixia , Zhu Wenjuan , Deng Yongjing , Jiang Tianxiang , Yu Aoxi , Chen Huiyu , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang
Published: November 2023

Scintillators, which can convert high‐energy particles (X‐rays) into detectable low‐energy ultraviolet–visible–near‐infrared photons, are essential components of X‐ray detectors and show extensive practical applications in nondestructive detection and medical imaging. Traditionally, inorganic scintillators represented by CsI:Tl have achieved definite progress. However, the harsh preparation conditions, high production cost, and poor mechanical properties impede their potential development in the high‐end X‐ray imaging field. Organic–inorganic hybrid metal complexes could be excellent alternatives, by virtue of their structural and spectral tunability, good solution processability, and excellent photophysical properties. This review mainly focuses on eco‐friendly lead‐free metal (Mn2+, Cu+, Sb3+, Sn2+, Ge2+, Ln3+, etc.) complex scintillators. The luminescence mechanisms are introduced and the scintillation performance, such as light yield, limit of detection, imaging resolution, etc., is highlighted. Moreover, the current challenges and perspectives in this emerging field are described. It is hoped to provide some theoretical guidance for the continuous development of the new scintillator systems.
First report on female monozygotic twins discordant for congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Authors: Chen Xiang , Yun Libing , Long Yang , Sun Yuxia , Chen Tao
Published: November 2023

Ninety percent of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) are X‐linked inherited and are caused by mutations in the vasopressin type 2 receptor gene (AVPR2). Most affected individuals are males. Only sporadic female cases have been reported. Here, we first reported a female monozygotic twin with discordant phenotypes for NDI carrying a missense variant c.845T>C (p.Leu282Pro) in exon 4 of AVPR2. Intracellular cAMP concentrations in COS7 cells transfected with AVPR2‐L282P were significantly decreased by about 60% compared with those in wild‐type AVPR2 plasmid transfected cells, suggesting this variation was pathogenic. The X‐inactivation pattern was investigated in peripheral leukocytes and urine sediments in both the unaffected and affected pair. Results showed that the affected pair had a skewed X chromosome inactivation (XCI) pattern in urine sediments and a random XCI pattern in leukocytes, while the unaffected pair showed a random XCI pattern both in leukocytes and urine sediments. This was the first report of monozygotic twins who developed different phenotypes of NDI. Our study suggested that the development of NDI symptoms is more closely associated with the XCI pattern in urine sediments compared with the XCI pattern in peripheral leukocytes. Analysis of XCI in peripheral leukocytes may not be enough to explore possible mechanisms.
A deep learning and clustering‐based topic consistency modeling framework for matching health information supply and demand
Authors: Gu Dongxiao , Liu Hu , Zhao Huimin , Yang Xuejie , Li Min , Liang Changyong
Published: November 2023

Improving health literacy through health information dissemination is one of the most economical and effective mechanisms for improving population health. This process needs to fully accommodate the thematic suitability of health information supply and demand and reduce the impact of information overload and supply–demand mismatch on the enthusiasm of health information acquisition. We propose a health information topic modeling analysis framework that integrates deep learning methods and clustering techniques to model the supply‐side and demand‐side topics of health information and to quantify the thematic alignment of supply and demand. To validate the effectiveness of the framework, we have conducted an empirical analysis on a dataset with 90,418 pieces of textual data from two prominent social networking platforms. The results show that the supply of health information in general has not yet met the demand, the demand for health information has not yet been met to a considerable extent, especially for disease‐related topics, and there is clear inconsistency between the supply and demand sides for the same health topics. Public health policy‐making departments and content producers can adjust their information selection and dissemination strategies according to the distribution of identified health topics, thereby improving the effectiveness of public health information dissemination.
Is Your Water System Ready for an Earthquake?
Authors: Millard Mason , Sowby Robert B. , Franke Kevin W. , Davis Craig A.
Published: November 2023

Key Takeaways

As critical infrastructure, water systems must be designed to withstand seismic hazards where earthquakes are expected.

While several planning tools and design solutions exist for seismic hazards, they are not standardized for the water community.

Designing buried infrastructure to withstand differential ground movement and severe shaking comes with several challenges for water systems.
Annotation of GC‐MS Data of Antimicrobial Constituents in the Antarctic Seaweed Phaeurus antarcticus by Molecular Networking
Authors: dos Santos Gustavo Souza , Sousa Teixeira Maria Valdeline , da Costa Clementino Leandro , Gama‐Filho Péricles Abreu , Pereira Luiz Miguel , Rodrigues Teixeira Thaiz , Cardoso Furtado Niege Araçari Jacometti , da Silva Graminha Marcia Aparecida , Yatsuda Ana Patrícia , Neto Pio Colepicolo , Edrada‐Ebel Ru Angelie , Debonsi Hosana Maria
Published: November 2023

Phaeurus antarcticus is a member of the Desmarestiaceae family endemic to the Antarctic Peninsula. Reports addressing its chemical composition and biological activities are scarce. Herein, bioactive non‐polar compounds of P. antarcticus against pathogenic bacteria, Leishmania amazonensis and Neospora caninum parasites were targeted through GC‐MS Molecular Networking and multivariate analysis (OPLS‐DA). The effects on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were also evaluated. P. antarcticus exhibited selective bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC and MBC values from 6.25–100 μg mL−1. Fractions HX‐FC and HX‐FD were the most active against L. amazonensis with EC50 ranging from 18.5–62.3 μg mL−1. Additionally, fractions HX‐FC and HX‐FD showed potent inhibition of N. caninum at EC50 values of 2.8 and 6.3 μg mL−1, respectively. All fractions inhibited HRP activity, indicating possible interactions with Heme proteins. It was possible to annotate compounds from tree mains clusters, containing terpenoids, steroids, fatty acids, and alcohols by correlating the spectral data of the GC‐MS analysis with Molecular Networking and the OPLS‐DA results.
Exploring the Antioxidant Potency of New Naphthalene‐Based Chalcone Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Antioxidant Evaluation, Docking Study, DFT Calculations
Authors: Balamon Mina G. , El‐Bordany Eman A. , Mahmoud Naglaa F. H. , Hamed Ashraf A. , Swilem Ahmed E.
Published: November 2023

Naphthalene‐based chalcone derivative was successfully synthesized through the condensation of 2,4‐dichlorobenzaldehyde with 2‐acetylnaphthalene. This chalcone, denoted as compound 1, demonstrated a versatile reactivity upon treatment with both nitrogen and carbon nucleophiles, and yielded diverse heterocyclic scaffolds such as pyrazoline, thiazole, pyrimidine, pyran, and pyridine derivatives. The pyrazoline aldehyde derivative 7 was further derivatized to produce the hydrazide‐hydrazone 13, namely, (1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)methylene)acetohydrazide, which was exploited to synthesize derivatives of 2‐oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carbohydrazide 14, 2‐(4‐oxo‐4,5‐dihydrothiazol‐2‐yl)acetohydrazide 15, and 3‐(4‐nitrophenyl)acrylohydrazide 16. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, as well as FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR and mass spectroscopy. Furthermore, these heterocyclic derivatives were screened for their antioxidant capacities using the DPPH radical assay. The results showed that compounds 5 and 10 are the most potent antioxidants with IC50 values 178, 177(μM), respectively. comparable to that of ascorbic acid which has IC50 value 148. Meanwhile, compounds 2, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 exhibited moderate antioxidant activities with IC50 values ranged from 266 to 291(μM). Thus, these heterocycles could emerge as promising antioxidant drugs for the treatment of oxidative stress‐related diseases. Finally, molecular docking was conducted to study the binding affinity for the most potent antioxidant compounds 5, 10, and ascorbic acid inside the active pocket of Human Peroxiredoxin 5 (1HD2). DFT calculations and global descriptors were calculated for the most potent compounds to correlate the relation between chemical structure and reactivity.
A 42‐year‐old female with sternoclavicular arthritis and breast abscess caused by brucellosis: A case report
Authors: Varshochi Mojtaba , Ravanbakhsh Gavgani Reyhaneh , Ravanbakhsh Ghavghani Fatemeh , Hamzehzadeh Sina
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

The main target of this report was that brucellosis can occur in unexpected and very rare patterns. We reported this patient to acknowledge all of clinicians especially those living in the endemic areas, that these rare complications of brucellosis can also be treated by the standard treatment of this disease.

Brucellosis is a thousand‐face disease and common zoonotic infection in endemic regions. A 42‐year‐old female was admitted with sternoclavicular arthritis and breast abscess. After laboratory investigation and imaging, positive serological test results and positive blood culture for Brucella revealed acute sternoclavicular arthritis and breast abscess due to brucellosis.
Inflammatory related plasma proteins involved in acute preschool wheeze
Authors: Holmdahl Idun , Chakraborty Sandip , Hoyer Angela , Filiou Anastasia , Asarnoj Anna , Sjölander Anders , Borres Magnus P. , van Hage Marianne , Hedlin Gunilla , Konradsen Jon R. , Söderhäll Cilla
Published: November 2023

Background

Preschool wheeze is a risk factor for asthma development. However, the molecular mechanism behind a wheezing episode is not well understood.

Objective

Our aims were to assess the association of plasma proteins with acute preschool wheeze and to study the proteins with differential expression at the acute phase at revisit after 3 months. Additionally, to investigate the relationship between protein expression and clinical parameters.

Method

We measured 92 inflammatory proteins in plasma and clinical parameters from 145 children during an episode of preschool wheeze (PW) and at the revisit after 3 months (PW‐R, n = 113/145) and 101 healthy controls (HC) aged 6–48 months in the GEWAC cohort using the antibody‐mediated proximity extension‐based assay (Olink Proteomics, Uppsala).

Results

Of the 74 analysed proteins, 52 were differentially expressed between PW and HC. The expression profiles of the top 10 proteins, Oncostatin M (OSM), IL‐10, IL‐6, Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), AXIN1, CXCL10, SIRT2, TNFSF11, Tumour necrosis factor β (TNF‐β) and CASP8, could almost entirely separate PW from HC. Five out of 10 proteins were associated with intake of oral corticosteroids (OCS) 24 h preceding blood sampling (OSM, CASP8, IL‐10, TNF‐β and CXCL10). No differences in protein expression were seen between PWs with or without OCS in comparison to HC. At the revisit after 3 months, differential protein expressions were still seen between PW‐R and HC for three (IL‐10, SIRT2 and FGF21) of the 10 proteins.

Conclusion

Our results contribute to unravelling potential immunopathological pathways shared between preschool wheeze and asthma.
Social communication and the roots of anti‐Jewish violence in the Kingdom of Poland
Authors: Markowski Artur , Winiewski Mikołaj
Published: November 2023

During the late 1800s, the Russian Empire faced two waves of anti‐Jewish violence. This led to an upsurge in communication both for and against pogroms in the western area of the Empire, which had formerly been a part of Poland. Our research has examined two archives of leaflets and reports on pogrom communication from 1881 to 82 and 1903 to 06 and revealed that the pro‐ and anti‐pogrom narratives display structural similarities across the two decades. Our analysis indicates that the established intergroup relations that led to the violence were the underlying common factor behind these narratives. Although their objectives seemed different, pro‐ and anti‐pogrom communications ultimately aimed to promote Polish identity.
Corporate governance and its impact on financial performance and innovation in Chinese‐listed firms
Authors: Peng Bo
Published: November 2023

Corporate governance (CG) is the system of rules, procedures, and processes by which an organization is operated and controlled. Effective corporate governance helps mitigate risk by ensuring the company complies with applicable laws and regulations and maintains appropriate internal controls. CG is an essential aspect of the overall management of companies and can have a significant impact on their Financial Performance (FP). In China, CG practices have undergone significant modifications over the last few years as the country shifted from a centrally planned economy to a market‐based economy. The study's novelty evaluated the effect of corporate governance on finance and Chinese‐listed firm creation. Data obtained from 345 employees working in 8 firms in China, the relationship between CG, financial performance, and innovation is investigated. The study adopted PLS‐SEM analysis and the findings of the study indicate that CG is positively related to better FP and innovation output. The study analysis found that firms with stronger governance structures have better access to external financing, lower agency costs, and higher levels of innovation investment. Also, the result identified that improving CG can lead to better FP and innovation, which in turn improves the firm's competitiveness and long‐term sustainability.
Temporal shifts in the marine feeding of individual Atlantic salmon inferred from scale isotope ratios
Authors: Power Michael , Thorstad Eva B. , Forseth Torbjørn , Fiske Peder
Published: November 2023

Given the limited information on prey use during the marine residency period for Atlantic salmon, scales were collected from salmon at return to the River Namsen (Norway) for spawning after 1 year at sea, and scale material from the first and second summer marine feeding periods was analysed using stable isotope methods to understand dynamics of their trophic ecology. As the salmon increased in size from the first to second summer, they reduced their feeding niche and specialised more (narrowed the δ13C range) and increased their dependency on higher tropic level (δ15N) prey, likely fish. Changes in δ13C indicated a consistent pattern of movement towards the north and west between summer feeding periods. Hence, salmon during their first year at sea may have a migration route roughly resembling that of previous spawners, as inferred from earlier tagging studies. Feeding conditions and nutrient composition during the last summer at sea, i.e. in the months before returning to the river for spawning, impacted final body size and within‐season timing of return. Fish undergoing the largest trophic niche shift (δ13C and δ15N combined) between summer feeding periods, returned earliest. The earliest returning fish had the fastest specific growth rates at sea. Hence, salmon encountering abundant high‐quality fish food during the marine migration, particularly during the last months, may reach a size and energetic state whereby it is better to return early to a safer environment in freshwater than risk being eaten by a big predator at sea. Both trophic status (δ15N), resource use (δ13C) and growth rates were significantly correlated between feeding periods. Nutrient composition during the first summer at sea did not impact the fish body length after the following winter, but growth conditions during the first summer evidenced carry‐over effects from the first to the second summer of feeding.
A novel record of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi
Authors: Sievert Olivia , Hammer Matthias , Comley Eleanor , Hintz Benjamin , Mgoola William O. , Davis Robert S.
Published: November 2023

Most African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) populations are in decline and, due to habitat fragmentation and conflict rates in areas of higher anthropogenic land‐use, are primarily restricted to protected areas. As a species that occurs at low densities, with a strict reproductive social structure, wild dogs rely on long‐range dispersal to facilitate colonization, reproduction, and pack formation. In Malawi, large carnivores have been subject to widespread population decline and several protected areas have a reduced large carnivore guild, including the loss of resident wild dog populations. Here, during a biodiversity monitoring camera trap survey, we captured a novel record of wild dogs in Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve (Vwaza), Malawi. The 11 photographic captures of potentially three individual wild dogs represent the first documented evidence of the species in Vwaza and the first record since an unconfirmed report in 2011. We hypothesize that this group of wild dogs moved into Vwaza through the Malawi‐Zambia Transfrontier Conservation Area (MZTFCA), with the MZTFCA linking protected areas in Malawi with the Luangwa Valley, Zambia. The evidence provided here, and similar documentation in Kasungu National Park, Malawi, show that large carnivores can potentially move through the MZTFCA into protected areas in Malawi. We argue that the MZTFCA provides an important dispersal corridor that could help facilitate the recolonization of wild dogs, and other large carnivores, in Malawian protected areas. However, further research is needed to assess the permeability and status of the MZTFCA corridor into Malawi. We show that camera traps can be useful to document novel records of rare species and can be used to inform conservation management planning.
Phylogeography of a widespread Australian freshwater fish, western carp gudgeon (Eleotridae: Hypseleotris klunzingeri): Cryptic species, hybrid zones, and strong intra‐specific divergences
Authors: Unmack Peter J. , Cook Benjamin D. , Johnson Jerald B. , Hammer Michael P. , Adams Mark
Published: November 2023

Despite belonging to the most abundant and widespread genus of freshwater fishes in the region, the carp gudgeons of eastern Australia (genus Hypseleotris) have proved taxonomically and ecologically problematic to science since the 19th century. Several molecular studies and a recent taxonomic revision have now shed light on the complex biology and evolutionary history that underlies this group. These studies have demonstrated that carp gudgeons include a sexual/unisexual complex (five sexual species plus an assortment of hemiclonal lineages), many members of which also co‐occur with an independent sexual relative, the western carp gudgeon (H. klunzingeri). Here, we fill yet another knowledge gap for this important group by presenting a detailed molecular phylogeographic assessment of the western carp gudgeon across its entire and extensive geographic range. We use a suite of nuclear genetic markers (SNPs and allozymes) plus a matrilineal genealogy (cytb) to demonstrate that H. klunzingeri s.l. also displays considerable taxonomic and phylogeographic complexity. All molecular datasets concur in recognizing the presence of multiple candidate species, two instances of historic between‐species admixture, and the existence of a natural hybrid zone between two of the three candidate species found in the Murray–Darling Basin. We also discuss the major phylogeographic patterns evident within each taxon. Together, these analyses provide a robust molecular, taxonomic, and distributional framework to underpin future morphological and ecological investigations on this prominent member of regional freshwater ecosystems in eastern Australia.