bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 2175 Å Extinction Feature in the Optical Afterglow Spectrum of GRB 180325A at z = 2.25∗
Authors: Zafar T. , Heintz K. E. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Malesani D. , Bolmer J. , Ledoux C. , Arabsalmani M. , Kaper L. , Campana S. , Starling R. L. C. , Selsing J. , Kann D. A. , Postigo A. de Ugarte , Schweyer T. , Christensen L. , Møller P. , Japelj J. , Perley D. , Tanvir N. R. , D’Avanzo P. , Hartmann D. H. , Hjorth J. , Covino S. , Sbarufatti B. , Jakobsson P. , Izzo L. , Salvaterra R. , D’Elia V. , Xu D.
Published: June 2018

The ultraviolet (UV) extinction feature at 2175 Å is ubiquitously observed in the Galaxy but is rarely detected at high redshifts. Here we report the spectroscopic detection of the 2175 Å bump on the sightline to the γ-ray burst (GRB) afterglow GRB 180325A at z = 2.2486, the only unambiguous detection over the past 10 years of GRB follow-up, at four different epochs with the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) and the Very Large Telescope (VLT)/X-shooter. Additional photometric observations of the afterglow are obtained with the Gamma-Ray burst Optical and Near-Infrared Detector (GROND). We construct the near-infrared to X-ray spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at four spectroscopic epochs. The SEDs are well described by a single power law and an extinction law with R

V
 ≈ 4.4, A

V
 ≈ 1.5, and the 2175 Å extinction feature. The bump strength and extinction curve are shallower than the average Galactic extinction curve. We determine a metallicity of [Zn/H] > −0.98 from the VLT/X-shooter spectrum. We detect strong neutral carbon associated with the GRB with equivalent width of W
r(λ 1656) = 0.85 ± 0.05. We also detect optical emission lines from the host galaxy. Based on the Hα emission-line flux, the derived dust-corrected star formation rate is ∼46 ± 4 M
⊙ yr−1 and the predicted stellar mass is log M
*/M
⊙ ∼ 9.3 ± 0.4, suggesting that the host galaxy is among the main-sequence star-forming galaxies.
Identification of Concrete Material Model Parameters Using Optimisation Algorithms
Authors: Král P. , Hušek M. , Hradil P. , Kala J. , Maňas P.
Published: June 2018

The application of nonlinear material models of concrete within numerical simulations focused on the design of safer and more economical protective concrete structures is currently the subject of investigation of many scientific researchers. However, one basic problem related to the nonlinear modelling of concrete is that very often there is a lack of knowledge about the material model parameters whose values must be defined. The solution to this problem can be in what is termed as inverse parameter identification, an approach which is presented in this paper. Specifically, the material parameters of the Continuous Surface Cap Model for concrete are identified within this paper using optimisation algorithms. The subsequent comparison of parameter identification results with experimental data shows the efficiency of the presented approach.
Bereavement overload and its effects on, and related coping mechanisms of health care providers and ward administrators at National District Hospital in Bloemfontein, Free State
Authors: Allie Zaid , Le Roux Edith , Mahlatsi Khantse , Mofokeng Boitumelo , Ramoo Zara-Anne , Sibiya Khanyisile , Joubert Gina , Van Rooyen Jan P. , Brits Hanneke
Published: June 2018

Background: Patient death is an event that all health care workers will face at some point. Beyond the family, the greatest emotional strain is on people who work directly with the patient and family. Bereavement overload occurs after multiple losses without time for normal grief in between.Aim: To investigate bereavement overload, its effects and related coping mechanisms of personnel working in adult medical wards.Setting: Four adult medical wards at National District Hospital, Bloemfontein.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study design was performed with the aid of an intervieweradministered questionnaire. The target population included health care providers (13 doctors and 20 nurses), eight final-year medical students, and four administrative staff working in thefour adult medical wards at National District Hospital, during August to October 2016.Results: Half (48.9%) of the 45 participants reported bereavement overload. None of the medical students reported bereavement overload compared to 60.0% of nurses, 75.0% of administrative staff and 53.9% of doctors. Nearly two-thirds (64.5%, n = 29) stated that they suffered from compassion fatigue. The majority of participants (62.2%) used only positive coping mechanisms. The use of negative coping mechanisms correlated directly with a longer duration in the medical field.Conclusion: With a 49% prevalence of bereavement overload, it is important that support systems are in place to prevent the effects of negative coping mechanisms. The desirable outcome is that health care providers, who suffer from bereavement overload, experience compassion satisfaction and become more dedicated to the patients’ well-being without expense to themselves.
Legal duties, professional obligations or notional guidelines? Screening, treatment and referral of domestic violence cases in primary health care settings in South Africa
Authors: Artz Lillian , Meer Talia , Aschman Gray
Published: June 2018

Background: Since 2013, approximately 4400 women have been murdered by their partners in South Africa. This is five times higher than the per capita global average. Domestic violence is known to be cyclical, endemic and frequently involves multiple victims. It also becomes progressively more dangerous over time and may lead to fatalities. In 2012, the Health Professions Council of South Africa released a domestic violence protocol for emergency service providers. This protocol, or screening guidelines, includes assessing future risk to domestic violence, providing physical and psychosocial care, documentation of evidence of abuse and informing patients of their rights and the services available to them. The extent to which these guidelines have been circulated and implemented, particularly by general health care practitioners (HCPs), is unknown.Aim: We review international treaties to which South Africa is a signatory, as well as national legislation and policies that reinforce the right to care for victims of domestic violence, to delineate the implication of these laws and policies for HCPs.Method: We reviewed literature and analysed national and international legislation and policies.Results: The ‘norms’ contained in existing guidelines and currently practiced in an ad hoc manner are not only compatible with existing statutory duties of HCPs but are in fact a natural extension of them.Conclusion: Proactive interventions such as the use of guidelines for working with victims of domestic violence enable suspected cases of domestic violence to be systematically identified, appropriately managed, properly referred, and should be adopted by all South African HCPs.
Biomechanics of Extra-alveolar Mini-Implant Use in the Infrazygomatic Crest Area for Asymmetrical Correction of Class II Subdivision Malocclusion
Authors: De Almeida Marcio Rodrigues , De Almeida Renato Rodrigues , Nanda Ravindra
Published: June 2018

Asymmetric malocclusion has always represented a challenge to orthodontists, with different dental, skeletal, or dentoskeletal factors being probable causes for the condition. It is a key to distinguish between dental and skeletal asymmetry before determining a predictable force system for corrective treatment. The use of mini-implants (MIs) to address anchorage needs in modern orthodontic practice has become an important tool for orthodontists. They have been widely used for anchorage reinforcement purposes and placed in the dentoalveolar region, especially between tooth roots. However, placement sites other than root areas allow more versatility of orthodontic movement since tooth roots do not interfere in tooth displacement. The objective of the present study is to present a clinical case of asymmetric malocclusion (Class II division 1 subdivision), in which a MI placed in the infrazygomatic crest area was used for correction of the maxillary asymmetry by means of unilateral distalization. Biomechanics of unilateral molar distalization combined with skeletal anchorage has allowed predictable outcomes to be achieved with minimal need for patient’s compliance and minor side effects.
Effect of Photobiomodulation on Maxillary Decrowding and Root Resorption: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Okla Nour Al , Bader Danah M. A. , Makki Laith
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with light-emitting diode (LED) delivery (Biolux OrthoPulse® device) were tested for no differences from sham-controlled conventional orthodontics in maxillary anterior alignment treatment efficiency and maxillary central incisor root resorption after 6 months of treatment.

Materials and Methods

Two prospective clinical trial samples were matched for pretreatment irregularity index with (n = 14) and without (n = 12) photobiomodulation therapy (850 nm wavelength, 0.065 J/cm2, 5 min per-arch-per-day) and examined every 2 weeks for reduction of irregularity index to <1 mm. The sham control sample was provided with LED devices that did not deliver infrared light. Standardized periapical radiographs of maxillary central incisors were compared at initial and 6 months of treatment.

Results

Photobiomodulation resolved maxillary anterior crowding with 35.2% greater efficiency (41.0 vs. 63.3 days, P = 0.028) at nearly double the tooth movement rate-per-week (1.02 vs. 62 mm/week, P = 0.045). Mean maxillary central incisor root lengths were significantly shorter at the 6-month treatment interval after LLLT (19.63 vs. 20.85 mm, P = 0.021).

Conclusions

LED photobiomodulation therapy at 850 nm wavelength resulted in 1.7X more rapid maxillary anterior alignment.
Widespread air pollutants of the North China Plain during the Asian summer monsoon season: a case study
Authors: Wu Jiarui , Bei Naifang , Li Xia , Cao Junji , Feng Tian , Wang Yichen , Tie Xuexi , Li Guohui
Published: June 2018

Abstract. During the Asian summer monsoon season, prevailing
southeasterly–southwesterly winds are subject to delivering air pollutants
from the North China Plain (NCP) to northeast and northwest China. In
the present study, the WRF-CHEM model is used to evaluate contributions of
trans-boundary transport of NCP emissions to the air quality in
northeast and northwest China during a persistent air pollution episode from
22 to 28 May 2015. The WRF-CHEM model generally performs well in capturing
the observed temporal variation and spatial distribution of fine particulate
matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), and NO2. The simulated temporal
variation of aerosol species is also in good agreement with measurements in
Beijing during the episode. Model simulations show that NCP emissions
contribute substantially to the PM2.5 level in Liaoning and Shanxi
provinces, the adjacent downwind areas of the NCP, with an average of 24.2
and 13.9 µg m−3 during the episode, respectively. The PM2.5
contributions in Jilin and Shaanxi provinces are also appreciable, with an
average of 9.6 and 6.5 µg m−3, respectively. The average
percentage contributions of NCP emissions to the PM2.5 level in
Liaoning, Jilin, Shanxi, and Shaanxi provinces are 40.6, 27.5, 32.2,
and 20.9 %, respectively. The NCP emissions contribute remarkably to the
O3 level in Liaoning province, with an average of 46.5 µg m−3,
varying from 23.9 to 69.5 µg m−3. The O3 level in
Shanxi province is also influenced considerably by NCP emissions, with
an average contribution of 35.1 µg m−3. The O3 level in
Shanxi province is also influenced considerably by NCP emissions, with
an average contribution of 35.1 µg m−3. The average O3
contributions of NCP emissions to Jilin and Shaanxi provinces are 28.7
and 20.7 µg m−3, respectively. The average percentage
contributions of NCP emissions to the afternoon O3 level in
Liaoning, Jilin, Shanxi, and Shaanxi provinces are 27.4, 19.5,
21.2, and 15.8 %, respectively. However, the effect of NCP
emissions on the air quality in Inner Mongolia is generally insignificant.
Therefore, effective mitigation of NCP emissions not only improves the
local air quality, but is also beneficial to the air quality in
northeast and northwest China during the Asian summer monsoon season.
Organosulfates in atmospheric aerosol: synthesis and quantitative analysis of PM2.5 from Xi'an, northwestern China
Authors: Huang Ru-Jin , Cao Junji , Chen Yang , Yang Lu , Shen Jincan , You Qihua , Wang Kai , Lin Chunshui , Xu Wei , Gao Bo , Li Yongjie , Chen Qi , Hoffmann Thorsten , O'Dowd Colin D. , Bilde Merete , Glasius Marianne
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The sources, formation mechanism and amount of organosulfates (OS) in
atmospheric aerosol are not yet well understood, partly due to the lack of
authentic standards for quantification. In this study, we report an improved
robust procedure for the synthesis of organosulfates with different
functional groups. Nine authentic organosulfate standards were synthesized
and four standards (benzyl sulfate, phenyl sulfate, glycolic acid sulfate,
and hydroxyacetone sulfate) were used to quantify their ambient
concentrations. The authentic standards and ambient aerosol samples were
analyzed using an optimized ultra performance liquid
chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric method
(UPLC–ESI–MS/MS). The recovery ranged from 80.4 to 93.2 %, the limits
of detection and limits of quantification obtained were 1.1–16.7 and
3.4–55.6 pg m−3, respectively. Measurements of ambient aerosol
particle samples collected in winter 2013/2014 in urban Xi'an, northwestern
China, show that glycolic acid sulfate (77.3 ± 49.2 ng m−3) is
the most abundant species of the identified organosulfates followed by
hydroxyacetone sulfate (1.3 ± 0.5 ng m−3), phenyl sulfate
(0.14 ± 0.09 ng m−3), and benzyl sulfate
(0.04 ± 0.01 ng m−3). Except for hydroxyacetone sulfate, which
seems to form mainly from biogenic emissions in this region, the
organosulfates quantified during winter in Xi'an show an increasing trend
with an increase in the mass concentrations of organic carbon indicating
their anthropogenic origin.
Field-warmed soil carbon changes imply high 21st-century modeling uncertainty
Authors: Todd-Brown Katherine , Zheng Bin , Crowther Thomas W.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The feedback between planetary warming and soil carbon loss has been the
focus of considerable scientific attention in recent decades, due to its
potential to accelerate anthropogenic climate change. The soil carbon
temperature sensitivity is traditionally estimated from short-term
respiration measurements – either from laboratory incubations that are
artificially manipulated or from field measurements that cannot distinguish
between plant and microbial respiration. To address these limitations of
previous approaches, we developed a new method to estimate soil temperature
sensitivity (Q10) of soil carbon directly from warming-induced changes
in soil carbon stocks measured in 36 field experiments across the world.
Variations in warming magnitude and control organic carbon percentage
explained much of field-warmed organic carbon percentage
(R2 = 0.96), revealing Q10 across sites of 2.2 [1.6, 2.7]
95 % confidence interval (CI). When these field-derived Q10 values
were extrapolated over the 21st century using a post hoc correction of 20
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) Earth system model
outputs, the multi-model mean soil carbon stock changes shifted from the
previous value of 88 ± 153 Pg carbon (weighted mean ± 1 SD) to
19 ± 155 Pg carbon with a Q10-driven 95 % CI of
248 ± 191 to −95 ± 209 Pg carbon. On average, incorporating
the field-derived Q10 values into Earth system model simulations led to
reductions in the projected amount of carbon sequestered in the soil over the
21st century. However, the considerable parameter uncertainty led to
extremely high variability in soil carbon stock projections within each
model; intra-model uncertainty driven by the field-derived Q10 was as
great as that between model variation. This study demonstrates that data
integration should capture the variation of the system, as well as mean
trends.
Assessing the impact of large volcanic eruptions of the last millennium (850–1850 CE) on Australian rainfall regimes
Authors: Blake Stephanie A. P. , Lewis Sophie C. , LeGrande Allegra N. , Miller Ron L.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Explosive volcanism is an important natural climate forcing, impacting global
surface temperatures and regional precipitation. Although previous studies
have investigated aspects of the impact of tropical volcanism on various
ocean–atmosphere systems and regional climate regimes, volcanic eruptions
remain a poorly understood climate forcing and climatic responses are not
well constrained. In this study, volcanic eruptions are explored in
particular reference to Australian precipitation, and both the Indian Ocean
Dipole (IOD) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Using nine realisations
of the last millennium (LM) (850–1850 CE) with different time-evolving forcing
combinations, from the NASA GISS ModelE2-R, the impact of the six largest
tropical volcanic eruptions of this period are investigated. Overall, we find
that volcanic aerosol forcing increased the likelihood of El Niño and
positive IOD conditions for up to four years following an eruption, and
resulted in positive precipitation anomalies over north-west (NW) and
south-east (SE) Australia. Larger atmospheric sulfate loading during larger
volcanic eruptions coincided with more persistent positive IOD and El Niño
conditions, enhanced positive precipitation anomalies over NW Australia, and
dampened precipitation anomalies over SE Australia.
Hydrostratigraphic modeling using multiple-point statistics and airborne transient electromagnetic methods
Authors: Barfod Adrian A. S. , Møller Ingelise , Christiansen Anders V. , Høyer Anne-Sophie , Hoffimann Júlio , Straubhaar Julien , Caers Jef
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Creating increasingly realistic groundwater models involves the
inclusion of additional geological and geophysical data in the
hydrostratigraphic modeling procedure. Using multiple-point statistics (MPS)
for stochastic hydrostratigraphic modeling provides a degree of flexibility
that allows the incorporation of elaborate datasets and provides a framework
for stochastic hydrostratigraphic modeling. This paper focuses on comparing
three MPS methods: snesim, DS and iqsim. The MPS methods are tested and
compared on a real-world hydrogeophysical survey from Kasted in Denmark,
which covers an area of 45 km2. A controlled test environment, similar
to a synthetic test case, is constructed from the Kasted survey and is used
to compare the modeling results of the three aforementioned MPS methods. The
comparison of the stochastic hydrostratigraphic MPS models is carried out in
an elaborate scheme of visual inspection, mathematical similarity and
consistency with boreholes. Using the Kasted survey data, an example for
modeling new survey areas is presented. A cognitive hydrostratigraphic model
of one area is used as a training image (TI) to create a suite of stochastic
hydrostratigraphic models in a new survey area. The advantage of stochastic
modeling is that detailed multiple point information from one area can be
easily transferred to another area considering uncertainty. The presented MPS methods each have their own set of advantages and
disadvantages. The DS method had average computation times of 6–7 h, which
is large, compared to iqsim with average computation times of 10–12 min.
However, iqsim generally did not properly constrain the near-surface part of
the spatially dense soft data variable. The computation time of 2–3 h for
snesim was in between DS and iqsim. The snesim implementation used here is
part of the Stanford Geostatistical Modeling Software, or SGeMS. The snesim
setup was not trivial, with numerous parameter settings, usage of multiple
grids and a search-tree database. However, once the parameters had been set
it yielded comparable results to the other methods. Both iqsim and DS are
easy to script and run in parallel on a server, which is not the case for
the snesim implementation in SGeMS.
Towards practical dynamic induction control of wind farms: analysis of optimally controlled wind-farm boundary layers and sinusoidal induction control of first-row turbines
Authors: Munters Wim , Meyers Johan
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Wake interactions between wind turbines in wind
farms lead to reduced energy extraction in downstream rows. In recent work,
optimization and large-eddy simulation were combined with the optimal dynamic
induction control of wind farms to study the mitigation of these effects,
showing potential power gains of up to 20 % (Munters and Meyers, 2017, Phil. Trans.
R. Soc. A, 375, 20160100, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.010). However, the computational cost associated with
these optimal control simulations impedes the practical implementation of this
approach. Furthermore, the resulting control signals optimally react to the
specific instantaneous turbulent flow realizations in the simulations so
that they cannot be simply used in general. The current work focuses on the
detailed analysis of the optimization results of Munters and Meyers, with the
aim to identify simplified control strategies that mimic the optimal control
results and can be used in practice. The analysis shows that wind-farm
controls are optimized in a parabolic manner with little upstream propagation
of information. Moreover, turbines can be classified into first-row,
intermediate-row, and last-row turbines based on their optimal control
dynamics. At the moment, the control mechanisms for intermediate-row turbines
remain unclear, but for first-row turbines we find that the optimal controls
increase wake mixing through the periodic shedding of vortex rings. This behavior can
be mimicked with a simple sinusoidal thrust control strategy for first-row
turbines, resulting in robust power gains for turbines in the entrance region
of the farm.
Reinventing the Teaching Machine for Our Time: Reading Thinking Literature across Continents
Authors: Gu Ming Dong
Published: June 2018

Teachers of literature around the world are confronted with a stark reality: shrinking reading public of literature in society, and dwindling enrollment of literary majors in colleges and universities due to the ongoing digital revolution and pressures from STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) subjects. The diminishing interest in literature is an undeniable fact recognized in both Western and Eastern literatures. It is under these not-so-rosy circumstances for literary studies that the author of this article reads with great interest the book, Thinking Literature across Continents coauthored by Ranjan Ghosh and J. Hillis Miller, and wishes to join them in discussing the fate and future of literature in the age of globalization and telecommunication. Reflecting on the conceptual and practical issues identified by the book, the author also offers his own observations and ideas on the current conditions of literature and suggests practical strategies to cope with the predicament faced by literary studies in our time.
Traveling Criticism and the Worlds of Literature
Authors: Dooghan Daniel
Published: June 2018

This article contends that world literature is necessarily plural, and that its generative mechanism is the dialogue of globally circulating criticism with local political and aesthetic concerns. By examining Ranjan Ghosh and J. Hillis Miller's Thinking Literature across Continents, and the debates over Rabindranath Tagore's 1924 visit to China, the article seeks to illustrate how the interaction of local and global criticism selectively authorizes texts as part of a world literature. The resulting literary constellations, though claiming cosmopolitan legitimacy, are not necessarily visible as such from other localities despite a shared critical vocabulary. Those localities may be distributed geographically, as in Ghosh and Miller's encounter, or ideologically, as Tagore's varied Chinese receptions showed. However, rather than mourning the impossibility of a singular, utopian world literature, these examples suggest that embracing the fundamental fragmentariness of global literary production offers insight into both the obstacles that hinder cross-cultural exchange as well as the processes that enable it. Moreover, taking the contingency of worlds of literature as a ground for inquiry offers a mode of resistance to aggressively hegemonic constructions of a singular world literature.
Presentación No. 150
Authors: Editor El
Published: June 2018

Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 150, 2017: 1-3
Modernidad arquitectónica en El Salvador : la estética de un ideal
Authors: Rivera Sofía
Published: June 2018

Modern architecture had a particular dynamics in each country of Latin America. In the case of El Salvador, it coincided with a significant increase in building sector from the 1940s to 1980s. It coincided also with the founding of new institutions related to construction such as Dirección de Urbanismo y Arquitectura (Direction of Urbanism and Architecture), Instituto de Vivienda Urbana (Institute of Urban Housing), Junta Nacional de Turismo (National Board of Tourism), among others. They promoted new tipologies of buildings such as movie theaters, scholar groups, market places and recreational centers. It is also noteworthy the arrival of new professionals in architecture, both of foreign origins or nationals trained abroad; the emergens of new spaces of thought and debate, such as de School of Architecture in the public university or the Grupo Salvadoreño de Arquitectos (Group of Salvadoran Architects); and it should also be underlined the new technical possibilities with the founding of enterprises that produced or distributed new materials such as lattice windows, corrugated sheets, or concrete blocks.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 150, 2017: 9-39
La vivienda social en El Salvador (1940-1980)
Authors: Barahona Andrea Alejandra
Published: June 2018

In El Salvador, the beginnings of the transition to modernity coincided with a period characterized by the increase in the rate of population growth beginning in the 1930’s, militar governments were also taking power on the country by that time; in this context institutions such as the Institute of Urban Housing IVU (1950) and the Direction of Planning and Architecture DUA (1950), in order to respond to the growing housing deficit, integrating the interventions of the principles of modernist ideals, looking to meet human needs intrinsic necessities: individuality (Dignified Housing); freedom (schools, community centers, recreational parks, etc.); and universality (Urban Settlements /City).Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 150, 2017: 65-90
Integración del arte mural en la arquitectura residencial de Ricardo Carbonell
Authors: Avendaño Ayansi
Published: June 2018

During architectural modernity in El Salvador, that had its peak between 1940 and 1980, took place a meeting between art and architecture. In this process, there was a particular case of integration of art into housing, that proposed by Ricardo Carbonell (1929), himself both an architect and artist. He made mural works in private houses and some public buildings. This article analyzes this experiment of integration by Ricardo Carbonell as a contribution to the enrichment of the identity of salvadoran architecture. His work is studied from three key aspects: first, the definition of architecture as art; second, to underline the conexions of concrete referents in the art-architecture movements in Latin America that were contemporary of Carbonell; and, third, a close examination of the work of Carbonell from the standpoing of his artistc influences, and his training in the context of architectural modernity.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 150, 2017: 91-117
Entrevista al arquitecto Ernesto García Rossi
Authors: Departamento de Organización del Espacio Equipo de investigación
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 150, 2017: 155-168
Ernesto de Sola. Arquitecto
Authors: Gutiérrez Poizat Sandra
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 150, 2017: 187-192
Music Generation Based on Convolution-LSTM
Authors: Huang Yongjie , Huang Xiaofeng , Cai Qiakai
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we propose a model that combines Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) for music generation. We first convert MIDI-format music file into a musical score matrix, and then establish convolution layers to extract feature of the musical score matrix. Finally, the output of the convolution layers is split in the direction of the time axis and input into the LSTM, so as to achieve the purpose of music generation. The result of the model was verified by comparison of accuracy, time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis and human-auditory evaluation. The results show that Convolution-LSTM performs better in music genertaion than LSTM, with more pronounced undulations and clearer melody.
Efficacy of Histochemical Staining Techniques in the Detection of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Proteins in Blood of Children with Malaria
Authors: UDONKANG Mfoniso , ELUWA Mokutima , INYANG-ETOH Paul , INYANG İmeobong , AKPANTAH Amabe , EKANEM Theresa
Published: June 2018

Objective: Falciparum malaria predominates in sub-Saharan Africa and children below

five years are the most vulnerable. Giemsa-stained microscopy is the gold

standard in malaria diagnosis. Diagnosis with rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit

is also common and over 80% of available malaria RDT kits is Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich

protein 2-based (Pfhrp2). However, these histidine-rich protein 2-based kits

have been observed to give false positive and negative results due to

persistent antigenemia and low parasitaemia respectively. Thus, the methods of

Pauly, Perls, and Means & Feeney were adopted to explore the advantage of

using microscopy for specific detection of these histidine-rich proteins and

their usefulness in detecting low parasitemia in children.

Methods: Children

aged 0-5 years (n=200) visiting three hospitals and private laboratories in

Calabar were recruited. Whole blood samples were tested with CareStart Malaria

HRP2-based kit, and blood films were made and stained with Giemsa, Pauly, Perls

and Means & Feeney for microscopy.

Results: The

sensitivity and specificity were Giemsa (56.4%, 79.8%), Means & Feeney

(52.5%, 77.8%), Perls (47.5%, 85.9), Pauly (45.5%, 86.9%), and RDT (23.8%, 96%).

Pauly method had the highest area under the curve of 0.830 while RDT method had

the lowest of 0.661. Among the positive cases low parasitemia detected by the

histochemical methods was Perls 36 (75%), Pauly 32 (69.6%), and Means &

Feeney 34 (64.2%), and for Giemsa method 40 (70.2%).

Conclusion: Pauly method was the most accurate. All three methods

were sensitive in detecting low parasitemia. These diagnostic methods are

useful in malaria diagnosis in this endemic population. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 8(2):55-60
Estimation of Fine-Scale Histologic Features at Low Magnification
Authors: Zarella Mark D. , Quaschnick; Matthew R. , Breen David E. , Garcia Fernando U.
Published: June 2018

Context.—

Whole-slide imaging has ushered in a new era of technology that has fostered the use of computational image analysis for diagnostic support and has begun to transfer the act of analyzing a slide to computer monitors. Due to the overwhelming amount of detail available in whole-slide images, analytic procedures—whether computational or visual—often operate at magnifications lower than the magnification at which the image was acquired. As a result, a corresponding reduction in image resolution occurs. It is unclear how much information is lost when magnification is reduced, and whether the rich color attributes of histologic slides can aid in reconstructing some of that information.

Objective.—

To examine the correspondence between the color and spatial properties of whole-slide images to elucidate the impact of resolution reduction on the histologic attributes of the slide.

Design.—

We simulated image resolution reduction and modeled its effect on classification of the underlying histologic structure. By harnessing measured histologic features and the intrinsic spatial relationships between histologic structures, we developed a predictive model to estimate the histologic composition of tissue in a manner that exceeds the resolution of the image.

Results.—

Reduction in resolution resulted in a significant loss of the ability to accurately characterize histologic components at magnifications less than ×10. By utilizing pixel color, this ability was improved at all magnifications.

Conclusions.—

Multiscale analysis of histologic images requires an adequate understanding of the limitations imposed by image resolution. Our findings suggest that some of these limitations may be overcome with computational modeling.
Evidenciação dos instrumentos de HEDGE nas companhias não financeiras de capital aberto brasileiras
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Franco Yasmin Souto , Souza Maíra Melo de
Published: June 2018

Instrumentos de hedge são derivativos utilizados para proteção contra as variações de valor de um ativo ou passivo objeto de hedge. Esta pesquisa possui como objetivo identificar o nível de evidenciação dos instrumentos de hedge nas companhias não financeiras de capital aberto brasileiras. Para a identificação do nível de evidenciação, foi analisada uma amostra composta por vinte companhias não financeiras, com maior total do ativo, listadas na Bolsa de Valores, Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3). Na amostra, foram verificadas as Demonstrações Financeiras e Notas Explicativas, Relatório da Administração e Formulário de Referência, sendo todos os documentos referentes ao exercício social findo em 2015. O nível de evidenciação foi mensurado com base no total de requisitos preenchidos de uma lista de verificação elaborada a partir do CPC 40 (R1). Os resultados demonstram que houve maior qualidade de divulgação de informações nas Demonstrações Financeiras e Notas Explicativas relativas aos instrumentos de hedge, e que no Relatório da Administração e Formulário de Referência são divulgados menos itens, e estes de informações de caráter predominantemente qualitativas. Além disso, a partir da análise, foi possível verificar uma tendência das companhias maiores possuírem um maior nível de evidenciação dos instrumentos de hedge.
Impactos financeiros e tributários decorrentes da adequação à geração do Bloco K em uma indústria automotiva
Authors:   Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Eckert Alex , Turella Odiléia , Mecca Marlei Salete
Published: June 2018

A partir da implementação do Sistema Público de Escrituração Digital – SPED, diversos livros contábeis e fiscais começaram a ser emitidos de forma eletrônica, em um formato digital específico e padronizado. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar os impactos financeiros e tributários em uma indústria do setor automotivo para adequar-se ao EFD/Sped Fiscal, especialmente na geração do Bloco K. Em termos metodológicos, trata-se de um estudo de caso, descritivo, de natureza qualitativa. Neste estudo, foram evidenciados quais foram os custos necessários, como treinamento de pessoas, adequação de sistema de software e principalmente revisão de processos internos, para maior controle de estoque, estrutura de produto e reclassificação fiscal de acordo com as normas legais. Também foi possível demostrar alguns impactos tributários que com a entrega do arquivo do Bloco K, o que demanda cada vez mais responsabilidade com sua escrita fiscal. Ao final, concluiu-se que essa nova obrigação foi positiva para a empresa em estudo, visto que sua adequação gerou melhorias nas rotinas e fluxos organizacionais.
Current Trends and Goals in the Development of Makerspaces at New England College and Research Libraries
Authors: Davis Ann Marie Lynn
Published: June 2018

This study investigates why and which types of college and research libraries (CRLs) are currently developing Makerspaces (or an equivalent space) for their communities. Based on an online survey and phone interviews with a sample population of CRLs in New England, the investigator found that more than two dozen (26) CRLs had or were in the process of developing a Makerspace in this region. In addition, a number of other CRLs were actively engaged in promoting and diffusing the Maker ethos. Of these libraries, most were motivated to promote open access to new technologies, literacies, and STEM-related knowledge.
Tunable, Flexible Composite Magnets for Marine Monitoring Applications
Authors: Kaidarova Altynay , Khan Mohammed Asadullah , Amara Selma , Geraldi Nathan R. , Karimi Muhammad Akram , Shamim Atif , Wilson Rory. P. , Duarte Carlos. M. , Kosel Jurgen
Published: June 2018

This paper presents flexible NdFeB‐PDMS composite magnets with tunable magnetic and mechanical properties optimized for applications in corrosive marine environments. The magnetic and mechanical properties are studied for different NdFeB powder concentrations and the performance of the magnetic composites for different exposure times to sea water investigated systematically. The remanence and saturation magnetizations could be tailored by the powder concentration, whereby up to 70 wt% concentration could be employed without compromising the integrity of the magnets. The elastic modulus of the composite magnets is about 105times lower than the one of a bulk permanent magnet. This ensures a high bending flexibility, which allows the magnets to be attached to curved surfaces as illustrated for a giant clam, crab, and turtle. At the same time, the weight of the composite magnets is reduced by a factor of about 10, which poses less burden to animals’ natural free movement. Without a protective layer, the composite magnets lose more than 50% of their magnetization after 51 days in seawater. However, the durability of the composite magnets has been improved considerably by using polymer coatings. Parylene C is the most effective for this, providing corrosion resistance, flexibility, and enhanced biocompatibility. Parylene C films of 2 and 4 μm thicknesses provided excellent protection of the magnetic composite in corrosive aqueous environments for 65 and 82 days, respectively. By combining the composite magnets with tunnel magnetoresistance sensors, a magnetic animal monitoring system is established that is used to track the behavior of giant clam, crab, and turtle.
Optically Injection‐Locked Mid‐IR Quantum‐Cascade Lasers: The Output‐Power–Modulation‐Bandwidth–Noise Trilogy
Authors: Sheikhey Mohammad M. , Yadipour Reza , Baghban Hamed
Published: June 2018

A comprehensive study on the output power, the modulation response, and the relative intensity noise (RIN) behavior of an optically injection‐locked mid‐infrared quantum‐cascade laser reveals that the modulation bandwidth and the output power are enhanced in the stable locking range, while the RIN of the slave laser is a superposition of the master and slave noise sources. Since the RIN level of the master laser can even take the lead, a design procedure is introduced to improve the main characteristics of a free‐running laser, including the RIN, the photon lifetime, the modulation bandwidth, and the bias current, using facet reflectivity tailoring. A figure of merit is defined and the RIN reduction of about 20 dB Hz−1 is obtained for very low injection powers compared with the injection‐locked system before the design of master laser.
Enantioselective N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Cyclopentene Synthesis via the β‐Azolium Ylide
Authors: Scott Lydia , Nakano Yuji , Zhang Changhe , Lupton David W.
Published: June 2018

Herein we report the cycloisomerization of electron‐poor 1,5‐dienes via the β‐azolium ylide to give enantioenriched cyclopentenes. The reaction is mediated by a chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyst, exploits readily available substrates, has good generality (17 examples), and displays excellent enantioselectivity (mostly >94:6). Studies demonstrating the viability of a related dynamic kinetic resolution are reported, as are those with alternate tethers and derivatizations.
Hyperbranched Polymers with Controllable Topologies for Drug Delivery
Authors: Ban Qingfu , Sun Wen , Kong Jie , Wu Si
Published: June 2018

Hyperbranched polymers (HPs) have widely been used for drug delivery owing to their highly branched topology, which endows the HPs with a large amount of intramolecular cavities for drug encapsulation and terminal groups for drug conjugation. Additionally, one‐pot, large‐scale preparations enable the easy fabrication of HPs for biomedical applications. This review provides an overview of the synthesis of HPs and their application for drug delivery. First, we introduce a diversity of methods for the synthesis of HPs with controllable topologies. Subsequently, we discuss drug encapsulation and drug conjugation by using HPs. Finally, we highlight the use of HPs with controllable topologies for promising drug delivery.
Loop Protein Engineering for Improved Transglycosylation Activity of a β‐N‐Acetylhexosaminidase
Authors: Jamek Shariza B. , Muschiol Jan , Holck Jesper , Zeuner Birgitte , Busk Peter K. , Mikkelsen Jørn D. , Meyer Anne S.
Published: June 2018

Certain enzymes of the glycoside hydrolase family 20 (GH20) exert transglycosylation activity and catalyze the transfer of β‐N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from a chitobiose donor to lactose to produce lacto‐N‐triose II (LNT2), a key human milk oligosaccharide backbone moiety. The present work is aimed at increasing the transglycosylation activity of two selected hexosaminidases, HEX1 and HEX2, to synthesize LNT2 from lactose and chitobiose. Peptide pattern recognition analysis was used to categorize all GH20 proteins in subgroups. On this basis, we identified a series of proteins related to HEX1 and HEX2. By sequence alignment, four additional loop sequences were identified that were not present in HEX1 and HEX2. Insertion of these loop sequences into the wild‐type sequences induced increased transglycosylation activity for three out of eight mutants. The best mutant, HEX1GTEPG, had a transglycosylation yield of LNT2 on the donor that was nine times higher than that of the wild‐type enzyme. Homology modeling of the enzymes revealed that the loop insertion produced a more shielded substrate‐binding pocket. This shielding is suggested to explain the reduced hydrolytic activity, which in turn resulted in the increased transglycosylation activity of HEX1GTEPG.
Bismuth Phosphinates in Bi‐Nanocellulose Composites and their Efficacy towards Multi‐Drug Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Werrett Melissa V. , Herdman Megan E. , Brammananth Rajini , Garusinghe Uthpala , Batchelor Warren , Crellin Paul K. , Coppel Ross L. , Andrews Philip C.
Published: June 2018

A series of poorly soluble phenyl bis‐phosphinato bismuth(III) complexes [BiPh(OP(=O)R1R2)2] (R1=R2=Ph; R1=R2=p‐OMePh; R1=R2=m‐NO2Ph; R1=Ph, R2=H; R1=R2=Me) have been synthesised and characterised, and shown to have effective antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus (VRE). The bismuth complexes were incorporated into microfibrillated (nano‐) cellulose generating a bismuth‐cellulose composite as paper sheets. Antibacterial evaluation indicates that the Bi‐cellulose materials have analogous or greater activity against Gram positive bacteria when compared with commercial silver based additives: silver sulfadiazine loaded at 0.43 wt % into nanocellulose produces a 10 mm zone of inhibition on the surface of agar plates containing S. aureus whereas [BiPh(OP(=O)Ph2)2] loaded at 0.34 wt % produces an 18 mm zone of inhibition. These phenyl bis‐phosphinato bismuth(III) complexes show potential to be applied in materials in healthcare facilities, to inhibit the growth of bacteria capable of causing serious disease.
Anchor‐free distance estimation: A new approach to distance estimation for multihop ad hoc wireless networks
Authors: Mavridopoulos Stathis , Nicopolitidis Petros , Papadimitriou Georgios
Published: June 2018

In ad hoc wireless networks, devices that normally cannot directly communicate route their messages through intermediate nodes. The number of those nodes is called hop count, a useful metric in estimating the distance between 2 nodes. Current methods usually depend on special nodes, called anchors, that need accurate localization information, in order to calculate an estimate for the average distance traversed per hop. The drawback of this approach is that anchor nodes increase the overall cost and complexity of the system. To address this problem, this letter proposes a novel, anchor node–free algorithm that can achieve a useful estimate for actual distance between 2 nodes, by analytically finding an estimate for the average maximum distance traveled per hop and multiplying with the hop count. The only requirement is the a priori knowledge of the networks' node density and the node range. The performance of our method is compared with a recent anchor node–based method and is shown to yield similar location estimation accuracy, despite the fact that it does not use anchor nodes.
Sustaining practice change in health care: the impact of a national quality improvement program on the uptake of collaborative medicines reviews
Authors: Kalisch Ellett Lisa M. , Pratt Nicole L. , Sluggett Janet K. , Ramsay Emmae N. , Kerr Mhairi , LeBlanc Vanessa T. , Barratt John D. , Gilbert Andrew L. , Roughead Elizabeth E.
Published: June 2018

Aim

We evaluated the impact of quality improvement interventions at different time points on the uptake of collaborative Home Medicines Reviews (HMRs).

Methods

National interventions to promote HMRs, comprising patient‐specific prescriber feedback and tailored educational materials for patients and clinicians, were conducted in 2004, 2006 and 2011 through the Veterans’ Medicines Advice and Therapeutics Education Services (Veterans’ MATES) program. Primary care patients taking multiple medicines were targeted in each intervention, while primary care patients taking multiple medicines who did not receive the intervention served as comparisons. Monthly HMR rates among targeted patients and a comparison group in the 9 months post‐intervention were determined using health claims data from the Australian Government Department of Veterans’ Affairs and compared using log binomial regression models. Overall trends in the rate of HMRs between November 2001 and December 2016 were also determined.

Results

Over 40 000 patients were targeted in each HMR intervention. Relative increases in HMR uptake were observed among patients targeted in the 2004 intervention (rate ratio (RR) 1.76 (1.39, 2.22), p < 0.0001), the 2006 intervention (RR 1.45 (1.19, 1.76), p = 0.0002) and the 2011 intervention (RR 2.81 (2.34, 3.37), p < 0.0001) compared to the comparison group. Overall, the monthly HMR rate increased from 0.2 per 1000 patients in November 2001 to 2.7 per 1000 patients in December 2012.

Conclusion

Regular repetition of quality improvement messages has led to sustained increases in HMR uptake among Australian veterans over the last decade.
Multigrid methods for H(div) in three dimensions with nonoverlapping domain decomposition smoothers
Authors: Brenner Susanne C. , Oh Duk‐Soon
Published: June 2018

We design and analyze V‐cycle multigrid methods for an H(div) problem discretized by the lowest‐order Raviart–Thomas hexahedral element. The smoothers in the multigrid methods involve nonoverlapping domain decomposition preconditioners that are based on substructuring. We prove uniform convergence of the V‐cycle methods on bounded convex hexahedral domains (rectangular boxes). Numerical experiments that support the theory are also presented.