bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Euphemism of “Mangupa” in Traditional Marriage Ceremonial of Batak Mandailing
Authors: Lubis Siti Isma Sari
Published: November 2019

The importantce of Euphemism in speaking especially in public is done to maintain harmony in society. Euphemism itself is derived from the Greek which is eu means well and phenai means to speak. It is defined as a word or expression which is mild or indirect that substituted for one considered to be too hars or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing (Oxford Dictionary). As we know that language and culture are two things that cannot be separated, the usage of euphemism in conversation especially in traditional ceremonial is often occurred. This paper described the euphemism in Mandailing ethnic especially for traditional ceremonial which is called as mangupa that often be done in marriage ceremonial. This research is qualitative descriptive. The source of the data is the utterances which is delivered in marriage ceremony especially in part mangupa. Data was collected by using video recording, and face to face interview to get further information from elderly with average age 50 years old until 60 years old. The data analyzed based on the types and function of euphemism by Allan and Burridge (1991). While the meaning is based on the interview with erderly. Euphemism is often used in Batak mandailing wedding ceremony especially in part mangupa. There were twenty pharase that considered as the euphemism in the mangupa utterances that has been analyed based on Allan and Burridge. While the function of the euphemism that had been identified based on the Allan and Burridgein in this study, it can be found there are only two function.
Оценка корреляционных связей селекционных признаков гибридных популяций (F2 – F4) вики яровой
Authors: Теличко Ольга Николаевна , Мохань Оксана Викторовна
Published: November 2019

Одной из важных кормовых культур для создания зелёного конвейера в условиях Приморского края является вика посевная. Краю необходимы скороспелые сорта вики яровой с интенсивным ростом, способные обеспечивать гарантированное получение семян и высокий урожай зелёной массы. Исследования проводили в селекционном севообороте в 2018 г. В гибридном питомнике 2-го поколения (F2) изучено 11 образцов, 3-го поколения (F3) — 9 образцов, 4-го поколения (F4) — 6 образцов. Корреляционный анализ связей элементов урожайности F2 показал: сильную положительную связь между продуктивностью семян с растения и массой 1000 семян — r = 0,77, продуктивностью семян с растения и числом бобов на растении — r = 0,92; среднюю прямую связь F3 и F4 — 0,63 и 0,62 соответственно. Обратная средняя связь прослеживалась между длиной растения и продуктивностью, числом бобов, массой 1000 семян: F2 — r = –(0,32 – 0,42), F3 — r = –(0,19 – 0,23). Для оценки селекционного материала вики яровой необходимо использовать сильные и достоверные взаимосвязи между продуктивностью семян с растения и массы 1000 семян, продуктивностью семян с растения и числом бобов на растении.
Интродукция дейции гладкой (Deutzia glabrata Kom.) в Башкирском Предуралье
Authors: Мурзабулатова Фануза Кавиевна , Полякова Наталья Викторовна
Published: November 2019

В России дейции в озеленении встречаются нечасто из-за отсутствия достаточной информации об их интродукции в наших климатических условиях. Приведены результаты 12 лет (2007 – 2018) фенологических наблюдений за дейцией гладкой (Deutzia glabrata Kom.) в Башкирском Предуралье. В условиях интродукции дейция гладкая каждый год цветет и дает жизнеспособные семена, не обмерзает даже в самые суровые зимы. При изучении фенологической атипичности этого редкого вида дейции установлено, что в климатических условиях Башкортостана фенологический цикл развития вида полностью укладывается в вегетационный период. Изучение зимостойкости D. glabrata выявило ее высокую степень устойчивости к неблагоприятным факторам в зимний период в условиях Башкирского Предуралья. Зимостойкость у данного вида составила 1 балл. Показатель фенологической атипичности (–3) дейции гладкой свидетельствует о соответствии данного вида условиям произрастания в Башкортостане. Культивирование в ботаническом саду данного вида, занесенного в Красную книгу РФ, можно рассматривать как один из способов его сохранения.
Определение стоимостных и трудовых затрат в технологии возделывании гороха на семена
Authors: Абрамкина Людмила Пиркулыевна , Калабашкина Елена Владимировна
Published: November 2019

Для повышения своей финансовой устойчивости сельскохозяйственные товаропроизводители должны рационально управлять затратами на производство продукции, в частности, проводить калькуляцию и анализ стоимостных и трудовых затрат при возделывании сельскохозяйственных культур. На примере возделывания гороха сортов Немчиновский 100, Флора 2, Немчиновский 50 селекции ФИЦ «Немчиновка» (Московская область) представлены калькуляции и дано сравнение стоимостных и трудовых затрат. Расчет материальных, эксплуатационных и трудовых затрат произведен на основании разработанных технологических карт по возделыванию гороха на семена. Из рассмотренной калькуляции затрат следует, что при возделывании гороха по интенсивной и базовой технологиях наименее затратным является сорт Флора 2, более затратным — сорт Немчиновский 50, самым затратным — сорт Немчиновский 100. Определение затрат для технологии возделывании гороха необходимо для комплексного экономического анализа и выявления резервов для снижения себестоимости.
Состояние и перспективы развития овощеводства закрытого грунта в Российской Федерации
Authors: Чилингарян Нарек Овикович , Дорохов Алексей Семёнович , Старостин Иван Александрович , Дорохов Артем Александрович
Published: November 2019

Приведено состояние производства овощей закрытого грунта в Российской Федерации за последние 5 лет. Показана структура производимой продукций, а также площади и урожайность по основным овощным культурам — огурцам и томатам. Представлены данные по среднегодовым ценам на томаты и огурцы. Выявлены основные факторы, влияющие на производство овощей закрытого грунта. Предложены пути развития отрасли, которые позволят достичь полного самообеспечения по всем основным группам овощей к 2024 г. Для достижения прогнозируемых результатов по валовым сборам овощей закрытого грунта необходимо возобновить государственную поддержку на строительство и реконструкцию теплиц, развивать собственную селекцию для получения высокоурожайных культур, адаптированных к условиям Российской Федерации. Также необходимо внедрение современных технологий в производство, в том числе многоярусное выращивание овощей и использование светодиодных источников света для досветки растений. Перспективными направлениями для изучения являются: влияние спектрального состава света на рост и развитие растений в разные стадии роста; получение овощей в условиях урбоэкосистем — «сити-фермерство»; полная автоматизация и интеллектуализация в малогабаритных теплицах.
Селекционная оценка перспективных дигаплоидных линий риса R1 – R4, полученных в культуре пыльников in vitro
Authors: Гученко Светлана Сергеевна
Published: November 2019

Рис является основной сельскохозяйственной культурой питания большей части населения земного шара. Использование линий удвоенных гаплоидов в качестве исходного гомозиготного материала повышает эффективность селекции, позволяет сократить временные и трудовые затраты. Для получения дигаплоидных линий наиболее эффективным является метод культуры пыльников. Исследования проводили в 2015 – 2018 гг. в условиях Приморского края. В работе использовали 8 гибридных комбинаций F1 и F2, дигаплоидные популяции получены из гибридов 1-го и 2-го поколений. Объектом исследования служили линии из гибридной комбинаций Хазар × Дарий 23 — 1, Луговой × Вираж — 3. В процессе работы жёстко выбраковывали худшие образцы. В итоге из нескольких поколений выделены 4 перспективные дигаплоидные линии, полученные из 2 разных гибридных комбинаций с комплексом нужных признаков и превышающие по урожайности стандарт на 24,4 и 40,6 % (линии 105 и 211 соответственно). За 2 года изучения в полевых условиях почти по всем основным признакам линия 105, полученная из гибрида Хазар × Дарий 23, показала высокую степень варьирования — 20,5 – 23,7 %. Наибольшую урожайность по сравнению со стандартом показали линии 105 (55,1 ц/га) и 211 (62,3 ц/га).
Teacher Observation and Reliability: Additional Insights Gathered from Inter-rater Reliability Analyses
Authors: Zepeda Sally J. , Jimenez Albert M.
Published: November 2019

Using a newly created teacher evaluation instrument, Inter-rater Reliability (IRR) analyses were conducted on four teacher videos as a means to establish instrument reliability. Raters included 42 principals and assistant principals in a southern US school district. The videos used spanned the teacher quality spectrum and the IRR findings across these levels varied. Key findings suggest that while the overall IRR coefficient may be adequate to assess the validity of a classroom observation instrument, the overall coefficient may be unstable across the various teacher performance levels. Findings also strongly suggest that raters are much more likely to agree when they see high-quality teaching when compared to levels of agreement regarding low-quality teaching.
The advantages of using literature in the language learning classes
Authors: Mohammed Ali
Published: November 2019

My paper is about the significance of bringing literature into the language classes.
Fate of universe
Authors: Hu Wan-Chung
Published: November 2019

This manuscript discussed about the fate of our universe and the formula of grand unified theories.
Finite Element Analysis of Precast Concrete Connections under Incremental load
Authors: Davari Masoud , Ramezani Mahyar , Hayatdavoodi Aliakbar , Nazari Mohammad
Published: November 2019

Beam-to-column connections affect the rigidity and strength of the overall precast concrete structures. Even though many experimental researches have been carried out on beam-to-column connections, the behavior and failure mode of the connection in precast concrete is often difficult to assess through experimental program. The finite element analysis, on the other hand, can be an option to properly evaluate the condition of the connections. Nevertheless, the finite element analysis on the beam-to-column connections is quite limited. Thus, there is a need to study and explore the behavior of the connection system based on the finite element data. In this research, the finite element analysis was performed to study the performance of different types of beam-to-column connections in precast concrete frames. A total of four specimens were modeled and analyzed to study the connection behavior involving load-displacement relationship under static incremental load. Different connection details were considered and the behavior of various beam-to-column connections were investigated.
The University of Utah, its Authors, and their Works, 1883-1970
Authors: Mower Allyson
Published: November 2019

Descriptive bibliography that shows the history of research and writing at an institution of higher learning.
Imagination
Authors: Zabelina Darya
Published: November 2019

A comprehensive review of imagination assessment instruments.
Probabilistic forecasting of replication studies
Authors: Pawel Samuel , Held Leonhard
Published: November 2019

Throughout the last decade, the so-called replication crisis has stimulated many researchers to conduct large-scale replication projects. With data from four of these projects, we computed probabilistic forecasts of the replication outcomes, which we then evaluated regarding discrimination, calibration and sharpness. A novel model, which can take into account both inflation and heterogeneity of effects, was used and predicted the effect estimate of the replication study with good performance in two of the four data sets. In the other two data sets, predictive performance was still substantially improved compared to the naive model which does not consider inflation and heterogeneity of effects. The results suggest that many of the estimates from the original studies were inflated, possibly caused by publication bias or questionable research practices, and also that some degree of heterogeneity between original and replication effects should be expected. Moreover, the results indicate that the use of statistical significance as the only criterion for replication success may be questionable, since from a predictive viewpoint, non-significant replication results are often compatible with significant results from the original study. The developed statistical methods as well as the data sets are available in the R package ReplicationSuccess.
"It's Just the Job": Investigating the Influence of Culture in India's Commercial Content Moderation Industry
Authors: Ahmad Sabrina
Published: November 2019

As user-generated content (UGC) on social media becomes near-ubiquitous, the need to review potentially insidious text, images, and video before and after they surface has resulted in the emergence of a new industry in global digital labour: commercial content moderation (CCM). A psychologically taxing job, a handful of scholars and journalists have studied the emotional burden for content moderators in the West, many of whom are predominantly based in Silicon Valley. However, much of this work is increasingly outsourced to the Global South, namely in India and the Philippines. Despite the fact that these overseas moderators filter UGC from Western countries, where the cultural norms on topics like hate speech and sexuality differ from those in Eastern countries like India, the academic research to date has neglected to study foreign content moderators and the ways in which their culture may impact their decision-making processes in reviewing UGC. This thesis takes a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews to study content moderators in India with the objective of understanding not only the country’s booming and rapidly-evolving content moderation industry, but more essentially the subjectivities of Indian moderators and how their culture might influence their work. In addition to presenting novel findings in the general field of CCM, this research ultimately demonstrates that many of the assumptions about Indian content moderators – primarily that they are unable to separate their own cultural upbringings from the US-centric policy guidelines they are meant to uphold – are erroneous and in need of revisiting.
Multi-objective Production Planning for a Flexible Manufacturing System based on NSBBO Method
Authors: Tho Nguyen Huu
Published: November 2019

The dramatic expansion in the global manufacturing market has created a demand for small and medium enterprise (SME) to apply the advanced manufacturing technology (AMT). The flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is considered as a highly competitive manufacturing strategy to ensure the success of the enterprises in the developing countries. The implementation of FMS, however, is an intractable task that requires complete integration of numerous components from various vendors. This paper presents a multi-objective production planning model for selecting the most suitable combination of machines and operations in machining processes to simultaneously minimize the system unbalance, makespan (MK) and total flow time. The proposed model considered the capacity of machines, tool magazines, batch sizes, processing time and the time taken to transport machining parts. Moreover, it also considered the different allocation of each part of batch into various machines. The principle of biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is adapted to explore the possibilities of attaining feasible solutions for a formulated problem. The most appropriate solutions in selecting the machine and operation allocation were determined based on non-dominated sorting BBO procedure (NSBBO) and validated by FlexSim simulation environment. The obtained results highlighted the practical applicability in the implementation of FMS.
Is there an I in Impact? Considering the two-way process of public engagement.
Authors: Heyerick Isabelle
Published: November 2019

This article is a critical reflection on public engagement and the concept of impact in UK research institutions, based on a recent experience. The UK impact agenda, driven by the Research Excellence Framework (REF), requires researchers to engage with the public in order to potentially have an impact on society.  This, I argue, constitutes the implicit directionality of impact as a one-way process. Recently, I provided a workshop for Flemish Sign Language (VGT) interpreters entitled ‘I interpret, therefore I am’ at the Faculty of Arts of the KU Leuven (Antwerp, Belgium). The aim of the workshop, in line with the impact agenda, was to increase participants’ awareness about the interpreting process and change their perception of how an interpreter’s personal beliefs potentially influence his/her linguistic choices. However, interacting with the participants also had an impact on my current research design and me as a researcher. This particular experience led me to reconsider the implicit idea of impact as a one-way process. In what follows I argue that, impact can and - in my opinion - should be a two-way process, encouraging interaction with the public in order to have a valuable impact on society, research and the researcher.
Funder Acknowledgement
Isabelle Heyerick was a WIRL-COFUND Fellow at the Institute of Advanced Study at the University of Warwick supported by funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, under the Marie Skłodowska Curie Actions COFUND programme (grant agreement number 713548).
Exchanges Discourse Podcast
A Conversation with…Dr Isabelle Heyerick [19:07]
Effective Contributor Communication and Editorial Process Efficacy
Authors: Johnson Gareth J
Published: November 2019

This is editorial for this issue, which discusses problems faced by scholar-led journals and contributor communications, and some of the steps taken to minimise them. It also includes a minor correction to an earlier volume along with highlights of the articles published in this issue of Exchanges. The editorial also includes details of the current calls for papers, both thematic and general ones, alongside acknowledgements and details on where to find out more information on contributing to Exchanges.
Exposing the Colonial Exhibition
Authors: Kuijt Marin
Published: November 2019

In 1932 anti-colonial activists from Surinam, Indonesia and the Netherlands formed a committee to oppose the Indonesian Exhibition staged in The Hague, the Netherlands. They called themselves the Anti-Koloniale Tentoonstellingsaktie (AKTA) (Anti-Colonial Exhibition Action). The Dutch government used the exhibition to spread a pro-colonial message. The committee confronted the Dutch audiences, on the other hand, with a radical critique of colonialism. This article recounts AKTA’s history for the first time. I focus on the writings of the committee and ask why the committee criticised the exhibition in the ways it did. This close attention to discourse brings to light the thought, message and aims of the committee. It also illuminates the different contexts, both local and transnational that influenced AKTA. I complement the focus on AKTA’s texts with the reconstruction of social networks and comparisons to other anti-colonial discourses. This approach yields valuable insights. In this article I show how AKTA’s criticism of the Indonesian Exhibition was profoundly influenced by anti-colonial activism in Surinam, Harlem, Indonesia, Holland and Paris. The committee fashioned its activism on anti-colonial examples from these contexts. I introduce the term discursive repertoire of contention to describe this phenomenon.
desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais na adolescência como ápice comportamental
Authors: Fogaça Fabiane Ferraz Silveira , Tatmatsu Daniely , Comodo Camila Negreiros , Del Prette Zilda Aparecida Pereira , Del Prette Almir
Published: November 2019

Presente estudo apresenta uma discussão sobre a fase da adolescência que integra aspectos das Habilidades Sociais com o conceito de ápice comportamental. A expansão do repertório comportamental se dá com a exposição do indivíduo a novas contingências, novos ambientes, novos estímulos controladores e novos grupos sociais, dada uma mudança comportamental denominada de ápice comportamental. Há indicativos de que adolescentes que apresentam problemas de comportamento desenvolvem relações sociais restritas. São apresentados estudos relacionando o repertório amplo de habilidades sociais com interações favoráveis com pares, destacando sua importância como ápice comportamental, que garante o acesso a novos ambientes. Presume-se também que os repertórios de habilidades sociais competem com o fortalecimento do padrão de comportamento antissocial e uso de drogas, constituindo, portanto nova evidência de ápice comportamental. Conclui-se que a discussão das habilidades sociais como ápice comportamental traz vantagens no que se refere ao planejamento de intervenções comportamentais mais efetivas.
RESPON SISWA TERHADAP LKS BERBASIS INKUIRI TERBIMBING PADA SUBMATERI SISTEM PERNAPASAN MANUSIA KELAS XI
Authors: Manisa Tesa , Aryati Eka , Marlina Reni
Published: November 2019

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon siswa terhadap Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada submateri Sistem Pernapasan Manusia. Metode penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas XI MIA 4 SMA Negeri 1 Pontianak tahun ajaran 2016/2017 berjumlah 28 siswa. Penelitian merupakan penelitian lanjutan dari penelitian pengembangan yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket respon siswa. Angket yang digunakan merupakan angket tertutup menggunakan skala likert dengan empat skala penilaian. Terdapat tiga dimensi respon yang akan dilihat yakni dimensi kognitif, afektif, dan konatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh informasi bahwa siswa memberikan respon positif terhadap LKS berbasis inkuiri terbimbing dengan persentase pada dimensi kognitif sebesar 80%, dimensi afektif sebesar 77%, dan dimensi konatif sebesar 78%. Secara keseluruhan siswa memberikan respon positif terhadap LKS berbasis inkuiri terbimbing dengan rata-rata persentase skor sebesar 78%.

Kata Kunci: LKS, inkuiri terbimbing, respon siswa.
Theory of Bladder Urothelial carcinoma by serum tumor markers CA19-9 and bHCG
Authors: bamato Mepro
Published: November 2019

Tumor markers such as beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (bHCG) and Carboxyhydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) have long been associated with bladder cancer and although their expression is associated with poorer oncological outcomes, they have little role in the routine clinical management of this disease. Recent advances in engineered antibody technology have lead to renewed interest in these markers as potential targets for new therapeutics. Here we report the case of a patient with locally advanced bladder cancer and the response of serum bHCG and CA19-9 to endoscopic resection and then radical cystectomy and serves to highlight how these tumor markers might be used to measure treatment effect.
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI PERNYATAAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN (PSAK) NO 45 TENTANG PELAPORAN KEUANGAN ENTITAS NIRLABA (STUDI KASUS PADA PARTAI POLITIK NASIONAL DEMOKRAT) KABUPATEN MAMUJU
Authors: Dahlia Dahlia , Karmila Lilin
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Partai Politik Nasional Demokrat Kabupaten Mamuju yang merupakan salah satu jenis entitas nirlaba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah implementasi pelaporan keuangan pada Partai Politik Nasional Demokrat telah sesuai dengan apa yang tercantum pada PSAK No 45. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif komparatif yang menguraikan, menggambarkan serta membandingkan suatu data. Hasil dan kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penyusunan laporan keuangan partai Nasional Demokrat Kabupaten Mamuju belum sesuai dengan penyusunan format pelaporan keuangan entitas nirlaba yang ada dalam PSAK No 45, laporan partai termasuk laporan pertanggungjawaban yang diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri (Permendagri) No 36 Tahun 2018.
An evaluation of outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury at a referral hospital in Tanzania: evidence from a survival analysis
Authors: Elahi Cyrus , Rocha Thiago Augusto Hernandes , da Silva Núbia Cristina , Sakita Francis M. , Ndebea Ansbert Sweetbert , Fuller Anthony , Haglund Michael M. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Nickenig Vissoci João Ricardo , Staton Catherine A.
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in low- and middle-income countries who receive surgery have better outcomes than patients with TBI who do not receive surgery, and whether this differs with severity of injury.

METHODS

The authors generated a series of Kaplan-Meier plots and performed multiple Cox proportional hazard models to assess the relationship between TBI surgery and TBI severity. The TBI severity was categorized using admission Glasgow Coma Scale scores: mild (14, 15), moderate (9–13), or severe (3–8). The authors investigated outcomes from admission to hospital day 14. The outcome considered was the Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended, categorized as poor outcome (1–4) and good outcome (5–8). The authors used TBI registry data collected from 2013 to 2017 at a regional referral hospital in Tanzania.

RESULTS

Of the final 2502 patients, 609 (24%) received surgery and 1893 (76%) did not receive surgery. There were significantly fewer road traffic injuries and more violent causes of injury in those receiving surgery. Those receiving surgery were also more likely to receive care in the ICU, to have a poor outcome, to have a moderate or severe TBI, and to stay in the hospital longer. The hazard ratio for patients with TBI who underwent operation versus those who did not was 0.17 (95% CI 0.06–0.49; p < 0.001) in patients with moderate TBI; 0.2 (95% CI 0.06–0.64; p = 0.01) for those with mild TBI, and 0.47 (95% CI 0.24–0.89; p = 0.02) for those with severe TBI.

CONCLUSIONS

Those who received surgery for their TBI had a lower hazard for poor outcome than those who did not. Surgical intervention was associated with the greatest improvement in outcomes for moderate head injuries, followed by mild and severe injuries. The findings suggest a reprioritization of patients with moderate TBI—a drastic change to the traditional practice within low- and middle-income countries in which the most severely injured patients are prioritized for care.
Volume-outcome relationship in pediatric neurotrauma care: analysis of two national databases
Authors: Tang Oliver Y. , Yoon James S. , Kimata Anna R. , Lawton Michael T.
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE

Previous research has demonstrated the association between increased hospital volume and improved outcomes for a wide range of neurosurgical conditions, including adult neurotrauma. The authors aimed to determine if such a relationship was also present in the care of pediatric neurotrauma patients.

METHODS

The authors identified 106,146 pediatric admissions for traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (tICH) in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) for the period 2002–2014 and 34,017 admissions in the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) for 2012–2015. Hospitals were stratified as high volume (top 20%) or low volume (bottom 80%) according to their pediatric tICH volume. Then the association between high-volume status and favorable discharge disposition, inpatient mortality, complications, and length of stay (LOS) was assessed. Multivariate regression modeling was used to control for patient demographics, severity metrics, hospital characteristics, and performance of neurosurgical procedures.

RESULTS

In each database, high-volume hospitals treated over 60% of pediatric tICH admissions. In the NIS, patients at high-volume hospitals presented with worse severity metrics and more frequently underwent neurosurgical intervention over medical management (all p < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, admission to a high-volume hospital was associated with increased odds of a favorable discharge (home or short-term facility) in both databases (both p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in inpatient mortality (p = 0.208). Moreover, high-volume hospital patients had lower total complications in the NIS and lower respiratory complications in both databases (all p < 0.001). Although patients at high-volume hospitals in the NTDB had longer hospital stays (β-coefficient = 1.17, p < 0.001), they had shorter stays in the intensive care unit (β-coefficient = 0.96, p = 0.024). To determine if these findings were attributable to the trauma center level rather than case volume, an analysis was conducted with only level I pediatric trauma centers (PTCs) in the NTDB. Similarly, treatment at a high-volume level I PTC was associated with increased odds of a favorable discharge (OR 1.28, p = 0.009), lower odds of pneumonia (OR 0.60, p = 0.007), and a shorter total LOS (β-coefficient = 0.92, p = 0.024).

CONCLUSIONS

Pediatric tICH patients admitted to high-volume hospitals exhibited better outcomes, particularly in terms of discharge disposition and complications, in two independent national databases. This trend persisted when examining level I PTCs exclusively, suggesting that volume alone may have an impact on pediatric neurotrauma outcomes. These findings highlight the potential merits of centralizing neurosurgery and pursuing regionalization policies, such as interfacility transport networks and destination protocols, to optimize the care of children affected by traumatic brain injury.
Role of repeat CT in mild to moderate head injury: an institutional study
Authors: Nagesh Madhusudhan , Patel Kautilya Rajendrakumar , Mishra Ajit , Yeole Ujwal , Prabhuraj Andiperumal R. , Shukla Dhaval
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE

Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often undergo repeat head CT scans to identify the possible progression of injury. The objective of this study is to evaluate the need for routine repeat head CT scans in patients with mild to moderate head injury and an initial positive abnormal CT scan.

METHODS

This is a retrospective study of patients presenting to the emergency department from January 2016 to December 2017 with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores > 8 and an initial abnormal CT scan, who underwent repeat CT during their in-hospital medical management. Patients who underwent surgery after the first CT scan, had a GCS score < 9, or had a normal initial CT scan were excluded. Demographic, medical history, and physical examination details were collected, and CT scans were reviewed. Radiological deterioration, neurological deterioration, and/or the need for neurosurgical intervention were the primary outcome variables.

RESULTS

A total of 1033 patients were included in this study. These patients underwent at least two CT scans on an inpatient basis. Of these 1033 patients, 54.1% had mild head injury and 45.9% had moderate head injury based on GCS score at admission. The most common diagnosis was contusion (43.8%), followed by extradural hematoma (28.8%) and subdural hematoma (26.6%). A total of 2636 CT scans were performed for 1033 patients, with a mean of 2.55 per patient. Of these, 25 (2.4%) had neurological deterioration, 90 (8.7%) had a progression of an existing lesion or appearance of a new lesion on repeat CT, and 101 (9.8%) required neurosurgical intervention. Seventy-five patients underwent surgery due to worsening of repeat CT without neurological deterioration, so the average number of repeat CT scans required to identify one such patient was 21.3. On multiple logistic regression, GCS score at admission (p = 0.024), abnormal international normalized ratio (INR; p < 0.001), midline shift (p = 0.005), effaced basal cisterns (p < 0.001), and multiple hemorrhagic lesions (p = 0.010) were associated with worsening of repeat CT, neurological deterioration, and/or need for neurosurgical intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

The role of routine repeat head CT in medically managed patients with head injury is controversial. The authors have tried to study the various factors that are associated with neurological deterioration, radiological deterioration, and/or need for neurosurgical intervention. In this study the authors found lower GCS score at admission, abnormal INR, presence of midline shift, effaced basal cisterns, and multiple lesions on initial CT to be significantly associated with the above outcomes.
Risks, costs, and outcomes of cerebrospinal fluid leaks after pediatric skull fractures: a MarketScan analysis between 2007 and 2015
Authors: Varshneya Kunal , Rodrigues Adrian J. , Medress Zachary A. , Stienen Martin N. , Grant Gerald A. , Ratliff John K. , Veeravagu Anand
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE

Skull fractures are common after blunt pediatric head trauma. CSF leaks are a rare but serious complication of skull fractures; however, little evidence exists on the risk of developing a CSF leak following skull fracture in the pediatric population. In this epidemiological study, the authors investigated the risk factors of CSF leaks and their impact on pediatric skull fracture outcomes.

METHODS

The authors queried the MarketScan database (2007–2015), identifying pediatric patients (age < 18 years) with a diagnosis of skull fracture and CSF leak. Skull fractures were disaggregated by location (base, vault, facial) and severity (open, closed, multiple, concomitant cerebral or vascular injury). Descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing were used to compare baseline characteristics, complications, quality metrics, and costs.

RESULTS

The authors identified 13,861 pediatric patients admitted with a skull fracture, of whom 1.46% (n = 202) developed a CSF leak. Among patients with a skull fracture and a CSF leak, 118 (58.4%) presented with otorrhea and 84 (41.6%) presented with rhinorrhea. Patients who developed CSF leaks were older (10.4 years vs 8.7 years, p < 0.0001) and more commonly had skull base (n = 183) and multiple (n = 22) skull fractures (p < 0.05). These patients also more frequently underwent a neurosurgical intervention (24.8% vs 9.6%, p < 0.0001). Compared with the non–CSF leak population, patients with a CSF leak had longer average hospitalizations (9.6 days vs 3.7 days, p < 0.0001) and higher rates of neurological deficits (5.0% vs 0.7%, p < 0.0001; OR 7.0; 95% CI 3.6–13.6), meningitis (5.5% vs 0.3%, p < 0.0001; OR 22.4; 95% CI 11.2–44.9), nonroutine discharge (6.9% vs 2.5%, p < 0.0001; OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.7–5.0), and readmission (24.7% vs 8.5%, p < 0.0001; OR 3.4; 95% CI 2.5–4.7). Total costs at 90 days for patients with a CSF leak averaged $81,206, compared with $32,831 for patients without a CSF leak (p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

The authors found that CSF leaks occurred in 1.46% of pediatric patients with skull fractures and that skull fractures were associated with significantly increased rates of neurosurgical intervention and risks of meningitis, hospital readmission, and neurological deficits at 90 days. Pediatric patients with skull fractures also experienced longer average hospitalizations and greater healthcare costs at presentation and at 90 days.
Radiological and clinical outcomes of 3-level cervical disc arthroplasty
Authors: Chang Hsuan-Kan , Huang Wen-Cheng , Tu Tsung-Hsi , Fay Li-Yu , Kuo Chao-Hung , Chang Chih-Chang , Wu Ching-Lan , Lirng Jiing-Feng , Wu Jau-Ching , Cheng Henrich , Hsu Shih-Ming
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE

One- and two-level cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) has been compared to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in several large-scale, prospective, randomized trials that have demonstrated similar clinical outcomes. However, whether these results would be similar when treating 3-level disc herniation and/or spondylosis has remained unanswered. This study aimed to investigate the differences between 3-level CDA and ACDF.

METHODS

A series of 50 patients who underwent 3-level CDA at C3–7 was retrospectively reviewed and compared with another series of 50 patients (age- and sex-matched controls) who underwent ACDF at C3–7. Clinical outcomes were measured using the visual analog scale (VAS) for neck and arm pain, the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scale, and the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Radiological outcomes included range of motion (ROM) at the index levels. Every patient was evaluated by CT for the presence of fusion in the ACDF group. Also, complication profiles were investigated.

RESULTS

The demographics and levels of distribution in both groups were very similar. During the follow-up period of 24 months, clinical outcomes improved (overall and respectively in each group) for both the CDA and ACDF patients when compared with the patients’ preoperative condition. There were essentially few differences between the two groups in terms of neck and arm pain VAS scores, mJOA scores, and NDI scores preoperatively and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. After the 3-level surgery, the CDA group had an increased mean ROM of approximately 3.4°, at 25.2° ± 8.84°, compared to their preoperative ROM (21.8° ± 7.20°) (p = 0.001), whereas the ACDF group had little mobility (22.8° ± 5.90° before and 1.0° ± 1.28° after surgery; p < 0.001). The mean operative time, estimated blood loss, and complication profiles were similar for both groups.

CONCLUSIONS

In this selectively matched retrospective study, clinical outcomes after 3-level CDA and ACDF were similar during the 2-year follow-up period. CDA not only successfully preserved but slightly increased the mobility at the 3 index levels. However, the safety and efficacy of 3-level CDA requires more long-term data for validatation.
Impact of modified industrial wet processing stages on the quantity and quality of Nile perch (Lates niloticus) oil extracted from the visceral organs
Authors: OTIENO DENNIS , Hilda Nyaboke , Odoli Cyprian , Chrispine Nyamweya , Christopher Aura
Published: November 2019

Global fish oil production is between 1 to 1.25 million tonnes and primarily exploiting fatty fish such as menhaden, herring, pilchards, anchovy, and sardine among others. The main producing countries include Japan, USA, Chile and Peru. Yet, fish oil from developing countries end up as bio waste since only the flesh is utilized. This paper discusses a simple approach for utilizing the fish bio waste to produce oil and how the oil quality and quantityis impacted by the extraction process. The visceral organs were collected from fish filleting factory and markets in Kisumu town and oil extracted by modified wet pressing method adopted from Blight and Dyer (1959). The effect of temperature and serial washing on the oil quality and quantity was assessed from extraction temperatures at 800C, 900C, 950C and 970C, while employing three serial washing using distilled water and pineapple juice. The quality of the oil produced was then determined based on the proportion ofomega -3, vitamin A and E, peroxide value, iodine value and free fatty acids. Results indicate that maximum extraction efficiency was achieved at 800C for 30 minutes where 156.05g of oil was extracted, when compared to 155.32g at 90ºC,155.24g at 95ºC,155.23g at 97ºC from a tissues of 171.25gin each case. The data was then analyzed using ANOVA at P<0.05 and post hock to determine significance. It was concluded that the temperature manipulation procedures as per this study was reliable to produce maximum yield and can be adopted by oil producing plants.
Determination of frail state and association of frailty with inflammatory markers among cardiac surgery patients in a Central European patient population
Authors: Kiss Rudolf , Farkas Nelli , Jancso Gabor , Kovacs Krisztina , Lenard Laszlo
Published: November 2019

INTRODUCTION: With the aging of the population, the screening of frail patients, especially before high-risk surgery, come to the fore. The background of the frail state is not totally clear, most likely inflammatory processes are involved in the development. METHODS: Our survey of patients over age of 65 who were on cardiac surgery were performed with Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS). Patients’ demographic, perioperative data, incidence of complications and correlations of inflammatory laboratory parameters were studied with the severity of the frail state. RESULTS: On the basis of EFS, 313 patients were divided into non-frail (NF,163,52%), pre-frail (PF,89,28.5%) and frail (F,61,19.5%) groups. Number of complications in the three groups were different (NF:0.67/patient, PF:0.76/patient, F:1.08/patient). We showed significant difference between NF and F in both intensive care and hospital stay, but there was no statistical difference between the groups in hospital deaths (NF:5/163, PF:3/89, F:5/61). We also found a significant difference between NF and F patients in preoperative fibrinogen-, CRP- and white blood cell count levels. CONCLUSIONS: We first present the incidence of frailty in patients with heart surgery in a Central-European population. According to our results, inflammatory processes are likely to play a role in the development of the frail state.
Initial design of two-stage magnetic gear for high power density according to gear ratio
Authors: Park Eui-Jong , Jung Sang-Yong , Kim Yong-Jae
Published: November 2019

The magnetic gears which can replace the mechanical gear system are actively studied recently. Improving the power density is growing importance because the characteristics that as gear ratio grows so power density decreases were observed. This paper analyzes the various characteristics (power density, efficiency, torque ripple, loss, and so on) according to the gear ratio in detail, and proposes a concept that high gear ratio by combining two low gear ratio. A target gear ratio is 10 to 1 and application is 1 kW wind turbine. To obtain the optimal combination, 30 gear ratios were considered, and initial design process was shown about this concept to propose the direction of improving the power density. All models were analyzed with 2D-FEM by numerical analysis.
FREQUÊNCIA DE AGLUTININAS ANTI-Brucella canis EM CÃES NO MUNICÍPIO DE MURICI, ESTADO DE ALAGOAS, NORDESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Silva Cynara Nunes Lino da , Teles José Andreey Almeida , Silva Júnior Francisco Feliciano da , Furtado Gil Dutra
Published: November 2019

A brucelose canina é uma enfermidade infecto-contagiosa, crônica que acomete mamíferos em geral. Tem como agente etiológico a espécie Brucella canis, no entanto, a espécie B. abortus também pode acometê-los. Pode apresentar sinais clínicos como prolongada bacteremia sem febre, perda no brilho do pelo, linfoadenopatia generalizada e inapetência, nos machos orquite, epididimite e prostatite, visto que trata-se também de uma antropozoonose. A realização de testes sorológicos é necessária para a detecção desses agentes sendo, o teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA), a prova de eleição no diagnóstico da B. canis. Objetivou-se identificar a frequência de aglutininas anti-B. canis em cães no município de Murici, Estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Foram testadas 200 amostras de soro canino, das quais 06 (3%) mostraram-se positivas no teste e 194 (97%) foram negativas. Os dados encontrados confirmam a presença da doença no referido município. Ações emanadas do poder público devem ser executadas no sentido de identificar os focos da doença e erradicá-los.
PREVALÊNCIA DE TUBERCULOSE EM BOVINOS EM UM MUNICÍPIO DO NORDESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Teles José Andreey Almeida , Furtado Gil Dutra
Published: November 2019

A tuberculose bovina é uma enfermidade causada por Mycobacterium bovis, possuindo grande importância para saúde pública devido ao seu alto poder zoonótico, sendo responsável por causar enormes prejuízos aos pecuaristas ocasionando diminuição na produção de leite, morte de animais, diminuição no peso, descarte precoce e condenações de carcaças ao abate. Objetivou-se relatar a prevalência de tuberculose em bovinos no município de Major Izidoro(estado de Alagoas, Nordeste do Brasil), uma das principais cidades da bacia leiteira de Alagoana, entre agosto de 2015 e junho de 2016. Foram submetidos ao teste alérgico-cutâneo com tuberculina bovina 183 bovinos de ambos os sexos e variadas idades, divididos em nove propriedades do município, utilizando-se teste cervical simplespara identificar animais positivos e negativos no rebanho. Na leitura dos testes foram constatados 7 animais inconclusivos, 176 negativos e nenhum positivo para a enfermidade. Os testes foram feitos seguindo as normas do Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose Animal (PNCEBT). Os dados da pesquisa demonstram que as medidas de fiscalização e ações sanitárias profiláticas adotadas nestas fazendas venham surtindo efeito contra a enfermidade, não significando que a tuberculose bovina esteja erradicada no município.
水利水电工程中水工设计
Authors: 汤 诚睿
Published: November 2019

水利水电工程结合其它的建筑工程相比,具有较长的工期,施工的环境比较复杂,工作的场所比较差等特点,这项工程在技术方面有较高的要求,对施工安全与可靠比较重视,而且整个工程建设的投资相对较高,在对水利水电工程的水工进行设计时,需要充分考虑整个工程经济效益,在施工前期,需要开展大量论证的工作,下面对其进行详细的介绍。
农村安全饮水工程管理存在的问题及解决措施深析
Authors: 田 崇洋
Published: November 2019

随着我国经济发展日益迅速,各个乡镇的基础设施建设也广泛展开,让农村也能够安全用水的工程成为重要的建设内容,针对农村的居民健康以及新农村建设而言,它们都具有非常重要的价值。目前,我国的农村安全饮水工程有一定的问题,导致了农村安全饮水工程受到了极大的危害,所以应该不断完善和管理相关的工程建设和活动,保证农村也能安全饮用水,促进和推动工程的进行。
加强与提高基层水利工程质量管理水平的路径
Authors: 吴 瑞卿
Published: November 2019

质量问题一直是基层水利工程建设的核心内容,故而就有必要严格遵照相关标准规范开展施工,全面落实质量管理工作。然而,受到各方面主客观因素的影响,基层水利工程建设质量管理落实效果不够理想。本文主要分析了基层水利工程质量管理存在的问题,并提出了相应的解决策略,以供借鉴。
试析水利工程中农田灌溉防渗渠道衬砌技术
Authors: 康 晓虎
Published: November 2019

为了促进水利工程中农田灌溉系统的正常运转,避免危险事故的发生,就有必要加大对现浇混凝土防渗渠道的重视力度,合理应用衬砌技术,加强其防渗效果和耐久性。同时在农田灌溉防渗渠道衬砌施工中,还要对材料、配合比等进行合理把控,以增大施工的安全系数,提高整体经济效益。本文对水利工程中农田灌溉防渗渠道衬砌技术进行阐述,以供借鉴。
关于城市综合管廊工程的设计探索
Authors: 洪 国平
Published: November 2019

在城市综合管廊的工程之中,可以将多种类型。多种数量而又十分复杂的城市管线集中进行设置,使其集约化以及现代化的目标得以有效提升。在当今我国城市的建筑之中,综合管廊工程的应用范围越来越大,而人们对于综合管廊工程的设计也越来越予以高度的关注与重视。基于这一情况,本文就对城市综合管廊工程的设计进行分析,希望可以对城市综合管廊的合理设计和良好应用起到一定的帮助作用。
水质检测化验的误差分析与数据处理探究
Authors: 赵 倩
Published: November 2019

目前水质检测化验存在的问题主要以误差为主,并且其误差存在于水质检测的各个方面。为保障水质检测化验的合理有效性,本文简要阐述了水质检测化验的重要性,并对水质检测化验的数据误差及其处理进行了探讨分析。
农村水利工程长效管理的问题与建议
Authors: 廖 小丽
Published: November 2019

农村水利工程建设属于农村的基础设施建设,是保障农业生产和建设新农村的命脉工程。由于在提高农村经济和改善农民生活水平上有十分关键的作用,农村水利的发展受到社会各界的重视。但是就目前的农村水利发展而言,农村水利工程仍旧存在一些问题,如监督管理力度不够和管理制度有待优化等,导致农村水利工程的管理在一定程度上并没有取得良好管理效果。所以本文针对目前农村水利管理中存在的问题进行详细的阐述,从而提出针对性建议,在积极探讨的过程中提出改进的措施,希望可以改善农村水利工程管理现状,确保农村水利健康持续发展。
节水灌溉水利工程施工技术研究
Authors: 阿斯别克 库拉里别克
Published: November 2019

节水灌溉水利工程施工技术是我国建设现代化水利工程体系的重点对象,在实际建设的过程中要注意各项技术应用的科学性和安全性,尽量控制工程材料成本,减少开支,而且水利工程建设必须结合当地实际情况,因地制宜,对节水灌溉水利工程技术进行深度了解和分析,以此为准对实际建设工程发挥借鉴的作用。
Penentuan Jaringan Sumur Pantau Primer Dengan Metode Inverse Distance Weighting Di Cekungan Air Tanah Jakarta
Authors: Seizarwati Wulan , Prasetya Derry
Published: November 2019

The increasing demand of raw water in DKI Jakarta has caused excessive groundwater abstraction. It causes the groundwater level drop to certain level and has emerged cone of depression in some areas. Groundwater management as an effort to recover the groundwater level, requires an integrated groundwater monitoring system. Recently, there are approximately 161 groundwater monitoring wells in Jakarta groundwater basin. Those wells are generally categorized as secondary network, since determined by groundwater abstraction activity. Meanwhile, a representative primary network to monitor the natural condition of groundwater in each aquifer layer is not yet available completely. The method of Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) spatial estimation is applied to determine the number and distribution of primary monitoring wells based on aquifer geometry using Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) software. Based on the aquifer geometry, it can be arranged monitoring zones and the number of monitoring wells in each zone. There are 9 monitoring zones in Jakarta groundwater basin consist of 1 zone with 1 monitoring well, 2 zones with 2 monitoring wells, 3 zones with 3 monitoring wells, and 3 zones with 4 monitoring wells, so that the total of primary monitoring wells for groundwater monitoring in Jakarta groundwater basin is 26 monitoring wells. This research is expected to be useful for stakeholders to optimize the representative monitoring wells network based on aquifer geometry in sustainable groundwater management.