bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF CASES ADMITTED TO THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT WITH LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION
Authors: Bulut Özgül , Kahraman Kaan , Uçar Çağla , Ovalı Fahri
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to assess the clinical features, laboratory findings, diagnosis and treatments of neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit with a diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI).MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of neonates hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital between 2017 and 2019 with a diagnosis of LRTI was retrospectively obtained from the file records. Demographical features, diagnosis and treatments were analyzed.RESULTS: A total of 57 patients diagnosed with LRTI were included in the study. The mean gestational age of the patients was 36.8 ± 3 weeks and their mean birth weight was 2864 ± 787 g. The 67% (n = 38) of them were term infants and the 33% (n = 19) of them were preterm infants. When the symptoms, examination findings and chest radiographs of the cases were examined at the time of admission, tachypnea, prolonged expiration, and nutritional difficulty in 67% of cases (n = 38), cough in 26% (n = 15) of the cases, fever in 20% (n = 12) of the cases, vomiting in 12% (n = 7) of the cases, apnea in 7% (n = 4)of the cases, and increased aeration in lung imaging in 21% (n = 12) of the cases were detected. Respiratory panel using Polymenase Chain Reaction (PCR) method was investigated in nasopharyngeal swab samples of 61% (n = 35) of the patients, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 57% (n = 20), rhinovirus in 14% (n = 5), and metapneumovirus in 3% (n = 1) of the cases were observed. The 47% of the patients (n = 27) received high-flow oxygen, 26% (n= 15) nasal CPAP, 58% (n=33) antibiotics, 63% (n= 36) inhaler bronchodilator and hypertonic saline treatment.CONCLUSIONS: In accordance with the literature, a high rate of RSV infection was detected in neonates with LRTI in the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital. Early diagnosis is important to prevent unnecessary use of antibiotics and to prevent nosocomial infections.
DİFERANSİYE TİROİD KANSERİNDE REZİDÜ VE METASTAZIN BELİRLENMESİNDE TÜM VÜCUT TARAMA İLE TİROGLOBULİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: Koçak İsmail , Önner Hasan , Kaya Buğra , Sarı Oktay
Published: January 2022

AMAÇ: Çalışmamızda, radyoaktif iyot (RAİ) tedavisi alan diferansiye tiroid kanserli (DTK) hastalarda tiroglobulin (Tg) ile tedavi sonrası tüm vücut tarama (TVT) sintigrafisinin rezidü ve/veya metastaz saptamada önemleri karşılaştırılmıştır.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Total ya da totale yakın tiroidektomi cerrahisi geçiren, DTK tanısı alan ve RAİ ablasyon tedavisi verilen hastaların dosyaları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastalara RAİ tedavisi öncesi L-Tiroksin tedavisi kesilip, 14 gün iyottan fakir diyet verilerek tedavi öncesinde serum TSH seviyesinin 30 IU/ml’den yüksek olması sağlandı. Tedavi öncesi serum tiroid stimülan hormon (TSH), Tg, tiroglobulin antikoru (Anti-Tg) değerlerine bakıldı. Hastalara 50-250 mCi (ortalama 135 mCi) aralığında RAİ tedavisi verildi. Tedavinin 7. gününde TVT yapıldı.BULGULAR: Toplam incelenen 483 hastadan tedavi öncesi TSH >30 IU/ml olan 431 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. TVT (+) olan 373 hastanın 243’ünde Tg (+) olarak bulundu. 373 hastanın 28’inde uzak metastaz tespit edildi. TVT (-) 58 hastanın 13'ünde Tg (+) olarak bulundu. PET/BT'de bu 13 hastanın 2'sinde uzak metastaz gözlendi. 431 hastanın 107’sinde (% 24) TVT (+) olmasına rağmen serum Tg seviyesi gerçek negatif olarak (Tg <2 ng/ml ve AntiTg <100 U/ml) tespit edilmiştir. Bu hastalardan birinde uzak metastaz saptanırken, diğer hastalarda rezidü ve/veya servikal lenfatik metastaz mevcuttu.SONUÇ: Bulgularımız DTK’inde Tg ölçümünün rezidü doku ve/veya servikal lenfatik metastazını ortaya koymada yetersizliğini göstermektedir. TVT’nin özellikle boyun bölgesindeki rezidü ve/veya lenfatik metastazları tespit ve lokalize etmede tamamlayıcı rolü olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.
A Pragmatic Analysis on Vague Language Used in Disaster News Articles on Thejakartapost.com
Authors: Jaufillaili Jaufillaili , Nurmalita Riska , Herawan Endang
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the findings analysis of categories and functions on vague language used in disaster news articles on Thejakartapost.com based on the theory of Channell (1994). In the journalism context, especially in disaster news article, the information often contains vague language that has imprecise statement since it is harmful. Therefore, to avoid wrong statements, the reporters often use vague language in presenting information accurately. The study employed a qualitative descriptive method. All data were 24 news articles. There were 12 news articles of natural disasters and 12 news articles of human-caused disasters. The period was from April 2018 until March 2019. The findings of this study showed that there were three categories of vague language, namely vague additives to numbers that were realized by approximators and adjectives. The others were vagueness of choice of vague words that were realized by nouns, and vagueness by scalar implicatures that were realized by quantifiers, numbers, and exaggerations. In addition, they also have its functions of vague language. Firstly, giving the right amount of information, it is used since the reporters just shared the right number of information although the exact number was not available. Secondly, filling in lexical gaps of uncertainty, it is used since the reporters wanted to cover the imprecise information with another word, and generalized word that was difficult to identify. Last but not least, self-protection. It is used since the reporters wanted to protect and hedge their statements from imprecise information.Keywords: Vague Language, Categories, News Articles, Disasters, implicature
EFL Students’ Interpretations of E-Learning during COVID-19 using GETAMEL: Indonesian Higher Education Context
Authors: Yulianto Dedy , Setyaningsih Endang , Sumardi Sumardi
Published: January 2022

While the use of e-learning has been around for decades, the global pandemic increased the number of investigations on e-learning exponentially. Earlier studies have given useful insights into the benefits/ impacts of e-learning. However, students’ acceptance of technology within the context of emergency EFL remote teaching is still under-researched. A qualitative study framed within the General Extended Technology Acceptance Model for E-Learning (GETAMEL) aims to shed light on the students’ acceptance of technology during pandemics based on their perceived experience. It reports the challenges, opportunities of e-learning, and projections on future use based on the current experience. To collect the data, a questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions was distributed to 89 participants. In-depth interviews were conducted with focal respondents after gaining their consent. The data were then analyzed using the interactive model of data analysis. This study reveals that regardless of the negative experiences and challenges in the use of technology in e-learning, the students held positive perspectives and saw opportunities to use technology during the COVID-19 pandemic. They projected their future practice using the technology. These indicate that the students well accept the use of technology in the e-learning context. The study concluded that using e-learning during a pandemic is the ideal way to continue learning. However, given the challenges that students face, some changes in the implementation of distance learning are still needed. Additional studies should address GETAMEL on EFL teachers in an Indonesian school, so we know about the acceptance of e-learning by in-service teachers.Keywords: COVID-19, EFL students, e-learning, GETAMEL, higher education
The Role of Adjacency Pairs to Create Politeness Strategies in Students’ Phatic Utterances
Authors: Trihartanti Ratna Padmi , Septian Seldie Julyana
Published: January 2022

Adjacency pair is one of the language features to make utterances more polite as it creates turn-taking, which means that none of the participants dominates. Adjacency pairs also create functions of phatic communication as stated by Padilla Cruz. According to Levinson, there are nine patterns of adjacency pairs, and most could be found in utterances. The data were taken from 24 students’ phatic utterances, and they were chosen because all participants are classmates. COVID-19 pandemic has forced them not to meet each other for almost 2 semesters, yet they show their closeness and solidarity. After all the data were analyzed using the qualitative method, it can be concluded that there are 7 adjacency pairs: Question-Answer, Offer-Accept, Taking leave-Taking leave, Summons-Answer, Request for information-Grant, Request-Apology, and Greeting-Greeting, and most of them have phatic functions of communication. Using adjacency pairs employs politeness strategies and negative and positive politeness strategies from Brown and Levinson. Negative politeness strategies found are Be conventionally indirect, Question, hedge, and Quality-hedges, while positive politeness strategies found are: Offer, promise, Include both S and H in the activity, and Give gifts to H. One of adjacency- pairs and phatic utterances’ functions is to maintain politeness though the students are classmates with close social distance and equal power, they perform politeness strategies to keep their social relations. The appearance of politeness strategies shows that no matter how informal utterances are, closeness and politeness must stay together.Keywords:  adjacency-pairs; phatic utterances; politeness; strategies
Effect of conditioned medium of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a culture medium for human granulosa cells: An experimental study
Authors: Sumapraja Kanadi , Hestiantoro Andon , Kurnia Liem Isabella , Boediono Arief , Z Jacoeb Teuku
Published: January 2022

Background: The umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium (UC-MSCs-CM) produces secretomes with anti-apoptotic properties, and has the potential to prevent apoptosis of granulosa cells (GC) during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.
Objective: To observe the effect of UC-MSCs-CM on the interaction between pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins and the influence of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) production in GC.
Materials and Methods: UC-MSCs-CM was collected from umbilical cord stem cell culture on passage 4. GC from 23 women who underwent in vitro fertilization were cultured and exposed to UC-MSCs-CM for 24 hr. Then RNA of the GC was extracted and the mRNA expression of BCL-2 associated X (BAX), survivin and GDF9 were analysed using quantitative real-time PCR. The spent culture media of the GC were collected for measurement of insulin growth factor 1 using ELISA.
Results: The expression of BAX was significantly different after UC-MSCs-CM exposure (4.09E-7 vs. 3.74E-7, p = 0.02). No significant changes occurred in survivin, BAX/survivin ratio, and GDF9 expression after UC-MSCs-CM exposure (p > 0.05). The IGF-1 level of the CM was significantly higher after the CM was used as a culture medium for GC (2.28 vs. 3.07 ± 1.72, p ≤ 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between survivin and GDF9 (r = 0.966, p ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion: IGF-1 produced by UC-MSCs-CM can work in paracrine fashion through the IGF receptor, which can inhibit BAX and maintain GDF9 production. Moreover, under the influence of UC-MSCs-CM, GC are also capable of producing IGF-1, which can impact GC through autocrine processes.
Key words: Conditioned medium, BAX, Survivin, GDF9, IGF-1.
Impairment of sperm efficiency in mice following short-term nano-titanium dioxide exposure: An experimental study
Authors: Danafar Amirhossein , Khoradmehr Arezoo , Hosseini Bondarabadi Mahya , Mazaheri Fahime , Tamadon Amin , Pourmasoumi Soheila , Gholizadeh Lida , Moshref Mojgan , Halvaei Iman , Hosseini Akram , Golzadeh Jalal , Rahiminia Tahereh , Anvari Morteza
Published: January 2022

Background: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are widely used in many compounds. Recent evidence has displayed some cytotoxic effects of TiO2NPs on male reproduction.
Objective: The effects of TiO2NP administration on sperm parameters and chromatin and seminiferous histopathology of male mice were investigated.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 NMRI male mice (35 ± 3 gr, 8-12-week-old) were divided into four groups (n = 8/each): treated groups were fed orally with 2.5 (group I), 5 (group II) and 10 (group III) mg/kg/day TiO2NPs for 40 days and the control group received phosphate buffered saline. Sperm parameters, DNA integrity and chromatin quality were assessed using chromomycin A3, aniline blue, toluidine blue staining and TUNEL. Hematoxylin eosin staining was performed to measure spermatogenic cells and the total diameter of seminiferous tubules. Also, sex hormone and malondyaldehyde levels were measured.
Results: Abnormal sperm tails rose in group III (28.87 ± 4.91) in comparison with the control group (12.75 ± 3.95). However, chromomycin A3 staining and TUNEL showed higher levels in group III in comparison with the control group, whereas aniline blue and toluidine blue staining showed no differences. A significantly lower spermatogenesis index and lumen parameters were observed in group III. Leydig cell numbers, cellular diameters and the area of the seminiferous tubules were lower in the treated groups. The testosterone level was also lower in these groups and the percentage of malondyaldehyde in the seminal fluid was higher.
Conclusion: Exact mechanisms of TiO2NPs are not clear; however, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of TiO2NPs may relate to oxidative stress. Given their widespread use, TiO2NPs should be a public health focus of attention.
Key words: Titanium dioxide, Spermatogenesis, Histology, Mouse, Chromatin, TUNEL.
The effect of cult-active medium on pregnancy outcomes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in azoospermic men: A case-control study
Authors: Asa Elham , Janatifar Rahil , Saeideh Sahraei Seyedeh , Verdi Atefeh , Kalhor Naser
Published: January 2022

Background: Failed oocyte activation following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) as a result of calcium deficiency is a major challenge.
Objective: We compared the effect of cult-active medium (CAM) on ICSI outcomes in obstructive azoospermia cases.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted with 152 ICSI cases, classified into CAM and control groups. The injected oocytes in the control group were cultured in the cleavage medium, while in the artificial oocyte activation group, oocytes were chemically activated through exposure to 200 µL of CAM for 15 min. Fertilization and cleavage rates, quality of embryos, and biochemical pregnancy and live birth rates were assessed in both groups.
Results: There were significant differences between the groups in terms of fertilization and cleavage rates after using the CAM in the percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) subgroup (p = 0.05, p ≤ 0.001) and in the testicular sperm extraction subgroup (p = 0.02, p = 0.04), compared to their control groups. Also, the pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the PESA-CAM subgroup (p = 0.03). The PESA-CAM subgroup demonstrated a significant difference in embryo quality after ICSI (p = 0.04). Unsuccessful embryo transfer and abortion were lower in both subgroups compared to the control groups, but this difference was not significant. Surprisingly, live birth rate was higher in the PESA-CAM subgroup (p = 0.03).
Conclusion: CAM treatment could improve fertilization and cleavage rates in obstructive azoospermia participants. It had a significant effect on embryo quality, and pregnancy and live birth rates in PESA cases.
Key words: Calcium ionophore, Obstructive azoospermia, Fertilization, ICSI.
Maternal polymorphic loci of rs1979277 serine hydroxymethyl transferase and rs1805087 5-methylenetetrahydrofolate are correlated with the development of fetal growth restriction: A case-control study
Authors: Efremova Olesya , Ponomarenko Irina , Churnosov Mikhail
Published: January 2022

Background: Key reactions in folate-mediated single-carbon metabolism are regulated by folate cycle enzymes. Violations of the folate cycle may be associated with the occurrence of fetal growth restriction (FGR) in pregnant women.
Objective: To study the relationship between polymorphisms of folate cycle genes in the mother with the development of FGR.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 122 pregnant women with FGR and 243 pregnant women with normal newborn weight were enrolled. The polymorphic loci of folate cycle genes including rs1805087 5-methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTR) and rs1979277 serine hydroxymethyl transferase (SHMT1) were examined. The study of polymorphisms was carried out through the TaqMan probe detection method using polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations of the polymorphisms.
Results: It was established that the T allele rs1979277 of the SHMT1 gene was correlated with the development of FGR within the framework of the allelic (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.20-2.33, pperm < 0.01), additive (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.20-2.37, pperm < 0.01), dominant (OR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.15-2.87, pperm = 0.01) and recessive (OR = 2.34, 95% CI 1.15-4.73, pperm = 0.01) models. The association of the G rs1805087 allele of the MTR gene with the occurrence of FGR was also identified following the recessive model (OR = 3.01, 95% CI 1.05-8.68, pperm = 0.04).
Conclusion: Our results indicated that maternal polymorphic loci rs1979277 SHMT1 and rs1805087 MTR may be associated with the development of FGR.
Key words: Polymorphism, Associations, Fetal growth restriction, Folic acid.
PERMA model vs. integrative-behavioral couple therapy for fertility problems: A randomized clinical trial protocol
Authors: Sadeghi Mahsa , Farajkhoda Tahmineh , Khanabadi Mahdi , Eftekhar Maryam
Published: January 2022

Background: Psychological interventions may reduce fertility problems. Positive emotion, engagement, meaning, positive relationship and accomplishment (PERMA) is a cognitive intervention and integrative-behavioral couple therapy (IBCT) is a behavioral intervention. Appropriate mental interventions are important in infertility treatment.
Objective: To investigate the effect of the PERMA model vs. IBCT in reducing the fertility problems of couples.
Materials and Methods: The content of the interventions was developed and adjusted based on a literature review and the opinions of experts. In this three-arm parallel randomized clinical trial, 42 couples undergoing infertility treatment will be allocated randomly into three groups (n = 14 couples/each). Group 1 will receive the PERMA intervention, group 2 will receive the IBCT intervention, and group 3 as the control group will receive an infertility treatment training program intervention. The primary outcome will be the fertility problems, which will be measured by completing a fertility problem inventory at baseline, as well as in the 5th and 9th wk as a follow-up. Another primary outcome, satisfaction with the intervention, will also be assessed in the 5th and 9th wk. The secondry outcome will be a positive pregnancy test at wk 12. The interventions will be conducted through a combination of face-to-face and online via WhatsApp.
Conclusion: This study will assess social, sexual, and parenthood concerns. A combination of online and face-to-face interventions will be appropriate given the COVID-19 pandemic. Couple’s counseling may provide better counseling outcomes for fertility problems in comparison with group counseling. This study will try to optimize resilience during infertility treatment through learning better relationship and problem-solving skills, and may have an indirect impact on pregnancy rate, burden of infertility, and costs of treatment due to increased effectiveness.
Key words: Online, Face-to-face, Infertility, Integrative-behavioral couple therapy, PERMA model, RCT, Positive psychology, Protocol study, COVID-19.
Assessment of knowledge level and behavior about vaccines of mothers applying to the children's hospital
Authors: TOPAKTAŞ Berkhan , ÖZDEMİR Şule , HASDEMİR Sultan , ARSLAN Hatice Nilden , TERZİ Ozlem , DÜNDAR Cihad
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge levels of mothers who applied to a university hospital about childhood vaccinations and the sociodemographic characteristics affecting them.
Methods: The population of the descriptive cross-sectional study consists of mothers who applied to the outpatient clinics of Ondokuz Mayıs University Children's Hospital between February 1 and March 31, 2019. A 32-item questionnaire developed by the researchers was applied to 338 mothers who agreed to participate in the study. Ethics committee and institution permissions were obtained. Data were presented with descriptive statistics.
Results: Ninety-five point three percent of the mothers stated that the vaccine was necessary. While 52.7% of the individuals stated that they were aware of the existence of self-paid vaccines, it was determined that 84.0% of the participants did not have self-paid vaccines for their children. Thirty-seven point six of the participants knew that the first vaccine of the newborn was given at birth. Healthcare staffs were among the sources of information for 94.7% of the mothers who stated that they received information about vaccination.
Conclusions: It was found out that the mothers had information about the vaccine. However, the rate of vaccination other than routine vaccines was low. In order to combat vaccine refusals and prevent misinformation, it is considered to be important to provide information at every opportunity, and especially about paid vaccines, parents should be given more information.
Electrokinetic treatment of soft soils: experimental study and numerical models
Authors: Abiodun Abiola Ayopo , Nalbantoglu Zalihe
Published: January 2022

Soft soils have a high compressibility, and low shear strength, and constructions on such soils often require the use of ground-improvement techniques. This paper compares the use of an electrokinetic (EK) treatment of soft soils using the ionic solutions calcium chloride and sodium carbonate. The effects of the ionic-solution type, the EK-treatment duration, the cation exchange capacity (CEC), the specific surface area (Sa), the pH, the electrical conductivity (σ), and the ionic strength (Is) were considered in this study. Examining the parameters and evaluating their effects on soil behavior are difficult and complex. The design of experiments (DOE) software program was used to evaluate the effects of the parameters and determine the significant input factors for the EK treatment on soft soils. The analysis and optimization of the data produced the threshold values using the design-expert® software. In this study, the EK-treated soil with CEC = 4.9 meq 100/g, Sa = 4.5 m2/g , pH = 9.5, σ = 6.0 S/m, Is = 1.55·10-4 mol/L, and electrolyte-type setup of CaCl2-Na2CO3 gave better soil strengthening. The gain in strength is attributed to the flocculation and aggregation of the EK-treated soil particles. The analysis of the data by DOE indicated that it could be used to assess the significant effects of the input factors on the unconfined compressive strength, qu of the EK-treated soft soils.
Settlement of shallow strip footing on granular soil under eccentric static and cyclic loads
Authors: Sasmal Suvendu Kumar , Behera Rabi Narayan
Published: January 2022

The traditional way of analyzing the behavior of shallow foundations is based on applying the load to the center of the footing, but this is not always the case in practice. The settlement of a strip footing resting on dense sand under eccentrically applied static and cyclic loads is studied in this paper to find out the foundation’s behavior in realistic conditions. During cyclic loading, the shear modulus of the soil is changed, due to which the stiffness of the soil and footing response are greatly affected. Under the influence of cyclic loading, in coarse-grained soil, the strain accumulates depending on the intensity of the cyclic loading. In low-intensity cyclic load conditions, the accumulated strain reaches a constant value after a finite number of load cycles. In this study, the analysis of settlement is carried out with the help of a numerical technique, based on Beam on Nonlinear Winkler Foundation (BNWF). The parameters, namely, static load, the intensity of the cyclic load (qd(max)), the depth of embedment of footing (Df) and the eccentricity ratio (e/B) are varied to observe the effect of the cyclic reversal of the load on the foundation’s response. Using the simulation results of 144 model conditions, an empirical equation is proposed to estimate the total settlement of the footing using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS). The analysis of the numerical results and a parameter-sensitivity study suggest that the settlement under combined eccentric static and cyclic loads is mainly controlled by the existing static load.
Effect of deep-fat frying on chemical properties of edible vegetable oils used by senegalese households
Authors:   Cheikh Anta Diop University, Senegal, Diop A , Sarr SO ,   Laboratoire National de Contrôle des Médicaments, BP 6303 Dakar-Étoile, Dakar, Senegal, Ndao S ,   Cheikh Anta Diop University, Senegal, Cissé M ,   Cheikh Anta Diop University, Senegal, Baldé M ,   Cheikh Anta Diop University, Senegal, Ndiaye B ,   Cheikh Anta Diop University, Senegal, YM Diop ,   Laboratoire National de Contrôle des Médicaments, BP 6303 Dakar-Étoile, Dakar, Senegal
Published: January 2022

Deep -fat frying performed at high temperatures under atmospheric pressure is a common method of preparing dishes in Senegalese culinary practices. This operation can lead to deterioration of physical, chemical, nutritional and sensory properties of oil, which affects its frying performance. It also results in the production of volatile products such as aldehydes and non volatile fraction which remains in the frying medium. Some of these remaining products have been implicated in producing adverse health effects. Highly oxidized oils may also produce polyaromatic hydrocarbons, which have carcinogenic effect. This work was intended to evaluate the effect of frying on chemical properties of edible vegetable oils. Frying process was applied to meat, fish and potatoes in Senegalese culinary conditions. Ten (10) oil samples, each of three different brands , were purchased from wholesalers and retailers in different neighborhoods of Dakar. The samples were subjected to frying at 220°C for 40 min and then oils were withdrawn in amber bottles samples of which were taken for analysis. Acid value, peroxide value and total polar components were used to evaluate the quality of these oils after initial determination of the iodine value and the moisture and volatile matter content . Acid value increased after 40 min of frying and values ranged from 0.62 to 1.08 mg/kg after frying fish, while those for meat and potatoes ranged from 0.39 to 0.73 and 0.37 to 0.51 mg/kg, respectively. Peroxide value increased slightly for peanut oil (A) and sharply for peanut oil (B) and sunflower oil (C). Frying fish led to high values of total polar components whereas those obtained after frying meat and potatoes during 40 min did not exceed 15.27% except for peanut oil (A). Therefore , frying affects chemical parameter values of edible vegetable oils, which increase at a level depending on the product to be fried. A sharp Total Polar components increase was obtained after frying fish using the three types of oil with values exceeding, sometimes, the maximum level set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. This latter chemical parameter is considered a good indicator of overall quality of frying oil. Thus in Senegalese culinary practices where frying oil is often re - used in families with low -income, such a situation may lead to significant sanitary risks. In view of these results, investigations need to be extended to other types of oil marketed in Senegal.
Effects of plant density and npk application on the growth and yield of white guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) in a forest zone of Nigeria
Authors:   University of Benin, Nigeria, Law-Ogbomo KE , Osaigbovo AU
Published: January 2022

Studies were conducted at Evboneka, Edo State, Nigeria in a forest zone to examine the effect of increasing plant population and NPK application on the growth and tuber yield of Dioscorea rotundata (Poir) cv “Obiaoturugo”. This study involved three trials. The first was conducted in 2010 involving five plant densities (10000, 13333, 17778, 20000 and 266667 plants per hectare (pph)) laid in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated four times. The second trial was conducted in 2010 involving five NPK application rate (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg NPK 15:15:15 ha-1) using RCBD and replicated three times. In the third trial, the best three plant densities (10000, 13333 and 17778 pph) from the first trial were re-evaluated with the best two NPK application rates (200 and 300 kg NPK ha-1) and control (0 kg ha-1) from the second trial using a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement fitted into RCBD with three replicates. Results from the plant density trial revealed that increasing plant density significantly resulted in increased fresh tuber yield and decreased in number of tuber per stand, tuber size, % unmarketable tuber and multiplication ratio (MR). Based on MR, the best tuber yield was produced from 10000 pph, followed by 13333 and 17778, which were statistically comparable. Results from the fertilizer trial showed that the application of 300 kg ha-1 had the highest tuber yield (19.16 t ha-1 ) statistically similar to 200 kg ha-1 (19.12 t ha-1). There was no significant interaction effect on agronomic traits assessed as both factors acted independently on yam plants. Increasing plant density and NPK application rate resulted in increased degree of foliation and leaf area index (LAI). These parameters imparted higher photosynthetic capacity and translocation leading to higher total dry matter production and tuber yield. A plant density of 10000 pph and 300 kg ha-1 could be most profitable and also bring about a considerable increase in growth and tuber yield of yam.
Influence of fruit maturity on antioxidant potential and chilling injury resistance of peach fruit (Prunus persica) during cold storage.
Authors:   Ho Polytechnic, Ghana, Dzah CS
Published: January 2022

Postharvest handling of peach (Prunus persica) fruits is challenging as they deteriorate quickly under ambient conditions. Cold storage slows detrioration but causes chilling injury (CI), reducing quality of fruits. To overcome this challenge the influence of fruit maturity on antioxidant capacity and CI development in “Ryan sun” peach fruits was investigated. Fruits were harvested from commercial farms in Lleida in Spain. Optimum harvest date (OHD) was determined on-tree visually by ground skin colour when 70% of skin turned reddish using colour discs. Fruits were harvested 7 days before OHD (OHD-7) and seven days after OHD (OHD+7) with OHD fruits serving as control. The fruits were stored at 5 oC for 15, 30 and 45 days. Fruits were evaluated for CI manifestations such as lack of juiciness (wooliness) and flesh bleeding. The lack of free juice released upon crushing fruit flesh through cheese cloth reveals symptoms of wooliness. Percentage CI resistance was calculated (100% - %CI incidence) for each group. Antioxidants were extracted and analysed using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Property (FRAP) method. Fruits harvested earlier (OHD-7) recorded the highest antioxidant capacity of 1.080 mgTE/g followed by control fruits (OHD) with antioxidant capacity of 0.976 mgTE/g. Fruits harvested late (OHD+7) recorded the lowest antioxidant capacity of 0.471 mgTE/g. After 15 days of cold storage, OHD resisted CI by 70% followed by OHD+7 (60%) and OHD-7 fruits (55%). After 30 days of storage, OHD-7 fruits recorded 0 resistance to CI but OHD and OHD+7 fruits resisted by 20% each. Fruits of all harvest dates showed no resistance to CI after 45 days of storage. Fruit maturity and cold storage length were found to significantly (P< 0.05) influence CI resistance. For good keeping quality, “Ryan sun” peach fruits should be harvested mature for long keeping but harvested earlier when intended for best antioxidant property.
The value of enhancing nutrient bioavailability of lentils: The Sri Lankan scenario
Authors:   University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia, Anoma A , Collins R , McNeil D
Published: January 2022

Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medic.) is a pulse crop that belongs to the family Leguminosae . Lentils are rich in proteins, have 18 of the 20 amino acids including all 8 essential amino acids and provide a number of essential minerals and vitamins. Thus, lentils occupy an important place in the human diet, especially in developing countries, as a rich source of protein, vitamins and minerals. Although in many developing countries in Asia rice contributes significantly to human daily energy and nutritional requirements, its amino acid profile shows that rice lacks some essential amino acids. Therefore, given their rich composition of amino acids, lentils could act as an ideal supplement for rice-based diets. Although all red lentils are imported, they are the most widely consumed pulse among Sri Lankans. Red lentil consumption levels are significantly greater in the estate sector where the prevalence of under nutrition is high. Thus, t his review was undertaken to understand the potential role of lentils in the Sri Lankan diet and how lentils can potentially be utilized to meet the nutritional needs of Sri Lankans. The study was based on an extensive literature review and information obtained thro ugh personal interviews with key participants in the red lentil industry of Sri Lanka. It was evident that red lentils are a rich source of nutrients, especially micro-nutrients, but their bioavailability is poor due to the presence of multiple anti-nutritive factors such as protease inhibitors, phenolic compounds and phytates. Although bioavailability of nutrients can be enhanced by changing food processing techniques, fortification and bio-fortification, lentil cooking patterns in Sri Lanka pose difficulties in adopting changed food processing techniques and fortification. Thus, bio-fortification would be the most viable option for enhancing nutrient availability in lentils. Since Sri Lanka does not produce lentils, such initiatives may have to be undertaken in exportin g countries or in collaboration with international agricultural research centres. Any strategic investments in breeding new lentil varieties with high bioavailability would provide exporting countries a unique competitive edge in export markets. Such improvements would meet the nutritional needs, not only of Sri Lankans, but also of mil lions other Asian consumers who face similar nutritional challenges.
The experiences of HIV-positive mothers breastfeeding exclusively in Swaziland
Authors:   University of Swaziland, Swaziland, Shongwe MC , Mkhonta NR
Published: January 2022

In Swaziland, 41.1% of pregnant women live with HIV, while only 32% of Swazi mothers (including HIV negative mothers) currently practice exclusive breastfeeding among infants less than six months of age. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding decreases with an increase in the infant’s age, as only 17% of infants aged four to five months are reported to be exclusively breastfed. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended by the ministry of health of Swaziland to reduce postnatal HIV transmission of HIV to the infant, through the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) strategy. However, little is known about HIV-positive mothers’ perspectives and experiences of exclusive breastfeeding in Swaziland. Therefore, a hospital-based explorative, descriptive qualitative study design was employed to describe the experiences of HIV-positive mothers in Swaziland breastfeeding exclusively. Seven exclusive breastfeeding, HIV-positive mothers, aged 21-41 years, married and unemployed, participated during two visits to the study site. Responses to semi-structured and in-depth interviews, through purposive sampling, were analyzed in order to generate themes. Five major themes emerged: (i) benefits of breast milk to the mother and the baby; (ii) social support factors; (iii) the role of healthcare workers in promoting exclusive breastfeeding; (iv) psychological relief from a baby’s negative test result; and (v) challenges faced by breastfeeding mothers. Despite pressure from relatives and in-laws for some of the participants, they continued to breastfeed exclusively for the first six months of the baby’s life, stating that breastfeeding benefited themselves and their infants. Continuous teaching and counseling offered by nurses during child-welfare clinic visits motivated the mothers to continue breastfeeding exclusively. In view of the challenges expressed by mothers, there is a need to develop and implement feasible interventions to improve support for HIV-positive mothers, in order to scale up exclusive breastfeeding practices in the country. Counseling on exclusive breastfeeding should also include the in-laws as they play a pivotal role in child feeding. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on infant feeding and provides insights to healthcare professionals and stakeholders working with HIV-positive breastfeeding women.
Honey Bee Diversity in Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture and Urban Forest- Outlook Study from Bengaluru-Silicon Valley of India: A Review
Authors: Vazhacharickal Prem Jose , Jagadish K.S. , Eswarappa G.
Published: January 2022

The “Silicon Valley” of India, Bengaluru is one of the fastest growing cities, with many middle-class residents growing fruits and vegetables in their private spaces. This kind of Localized food systems (LFS) has been considered not only for obtaining mental pleasure and health consciousness, but also food for home consumption. This outlook study examined the honey bee diversity and possibilities of integrating different honey bees in urban agriculture and forests across the Bengaluru city. The urban forestry study across the Bengaluru city revealed presence of 374 species with the highest species diversity in parks (291) followed by residential areas and layouts (164) showing species richness. Polyalthia sp. and Pongamia glabra were found to be the most dominated tree species around the Bangaluru city. Majority of the plant species were offering good foraging sources for honey bees, including Apis indica, Apis dorsata, Apis florea and Trigona iridipennis. The urban agriculture and urban forest system in the Bengaluru was ideal for bee-keeping, especially stingless bees, which could be easily reared with limited space and care. Thus, the urban agro-ecosystem and the possible pollination services through integrating honey bees could be very much useful in making the cities more sustainable and resilient.
Understanding the Genetic Architecture and Gene Actions Involved in the Inheritance of Yellow Mosaic Disease and Other Yield Related Traits in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: Priya Ch. Santhi , Babu D. Ratna
Published: January 2022

Background: Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) transmitted by white fly, Bemisia tabaci is the most persistent and devastating biotic stress worldwide and in India resulting the reduced productivity of mungbean. At the same time the yield levels in mungbean reached a plateau, which emphasizes the importance of varieties with improved productivity. Methods: In the present investigation, to address this urgent requirement of YMD resistant high yielding varieties, six-parameter model of generation mean analysis was employed for proper understanding of the genetic architecture and gene actions. Susceptible genotype MGG 385 was crossed with four resistant genotypes (LGG 607, LGG 630, WGG 42 and PM 5) to produce respective F1s (during rabi, 2018-19), BC1s, BC2s (during summer, 2019) and F2s (during kharif, 2019). These generations of the four crosses were evaluated for various yield related traits in rabi, 2019-20 and phenotyped for YMD in summer, 2020 at Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh which is hotspot for YMD. Result: The scaling tests and joint scaling test indicated the inadequacy of Additive-dominant model for all most all traits including YMD except for branches per plant and pods per cluster. The study revealed the importance of non-allelic interactions in the inheritance of majority of traits including YMD. Among the non-allelic interactions, [l] type of interaction is predominant. Further, the control of duplicate type of epistasis in the inheritance is evident at least in few crosses for all the traits (except grain yield per plant) that had inadequacy for additive-dominant model, which hinders the pace of the progress through selection. In presence of inter-allelic interaction with such duplicate type of epistasis, population approach in self-pollinated crops, which is similar to recurrent selection in cross pollinated crops or biparental mating followed by conventional selection in the later generations should be adopted for identifying desirable segregants.
ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS VALUES IN SAPTA TIRTA PABLENGAN FOLKLORE
Authors: Istiana Rahayu Nur , Rakhmawati Ani , Wardani Nugraheni Eko
Published: January 2022

“Sapta Tirta Pablengan” folklore which is originated from Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, is one of Javanese identities with a lot of local values and wisdom. This study aims to describe and explain Islamic religious values behind “Sapta Tirta Pablengan” folklore. It is a descriptive qualitative research with content analysis method. The data were collected through literature study, structured and in-depth interviews, and field observations. The data analysis employed independent techniques and flow analysis techniques. The results of the study show that the Islamic religious values of Sapta Tirta Pablengan folklore could be grouped into three dimensions along with their respective indicators. The first is faith dimension with indicators: (1) believing in Allah, (2) believing in His destiny, (3) surrendering to Him, (4) sincere, and (5) practicing worship. The second is experience dimension with indicators: (1) helpful, (2) honest, (3) forgiving, and (4) hard work. The third category is natural dimension with the indicator of managing and conserving nature. Therefore, “Sapta Tirta Pablengan” folklore can be recommended a learning material at schools because it contains Islamic religious character education.Cerita rakyat “Sapta Tirta Pablengan” yang berasal dari Kabupaten Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah, merupakan salah satu jati diri masyarakat Jawa yang sarat akan nilai-nilai dan kearifan lokal.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan nilai religius Islam yang terkandung dalam cerita rakyat “Sapta Tirta Pablengan.” Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode analisis isi. Metode pengumpulan data dengan studi pustaka, wawancara terstruktur dan mendalam, serta observasi lapangan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik mandiri dan teknik analisis mengalir.  Hasil kajian menunjukkan mengandung nilai religius Islam dikelompokkan menjadi tiga dimensi beserta indikator yang menyertai. Pertama, dimensi keyakinan dengan indikator: (1) percaya adanya Allah, (2) percaya pada takdir Allah, (3) pasrah pada Allah, (4) iklhas, dan (5) menjalankan ibadah. Kedua, dimensi pengalaman dengan indikator: (1) suka menolong, (2) jujur, (3) pemaaf, dan (4) kerja keras. Ketiga, dimensi alam dengan indikator mengelola dan melestarikan kekayaan alam. Dengan demikian, cerita rakyat “Sapta Tirta Pablengan” bisa direkomendasikan sebagai materi pembelajaran sastra di sekolah karena sarat dengan pendidikan karakter religius.
TRANSLATION OF KOREAN-INDONESIAN SHORT STORIES: AN ANALYSIS OF CLASS AND SEMANTIC SHIFTS OF ADVERBS OF MODALITY
Authors: Syahbaniyah Nur Rosyidah , Suhardijanto Totok
Published: January 2022

This study discusses class and semantic shifts of adverbs of modality in the Korean short story and its Bahasa Indonesia translation in the short story anthology of ‘Langit dan Kupu-Kupu. This study aims to identify how the adverbs of modality original text change into a different word class in the target text. The sources of data in this study were six Korean short stories entitled ‘Dua Generasi yang Teraniaya’, ‘Seoul Musim Dingin 1964’, ‘Jalan ke Sampho’, ‘Bung Kim di Kampung Kami’, ‘Dinihari ke Garis Depan’, dan ‘Betulkah? Saya Jerapah’ and its Indonesian translation. This study was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method, and the design of a linguistic corpus was used to collect analytical data. The analysis results found that from 46 adverbs of modality, four translated adverbs remained classified as adverbs. At the same time, the other ten words change their class into pronouns, nouns, particles, adjectives, and verbs. Additionally, the other 32 words have a combination of adverbs and other word classes. Furthermore, of the 290 adverb words in the source text, 143 words were accurately translated, 100 were deleted, and 47 changed their meaning in the TT. In the translation of Korean-Indonesian short stories, the shifting technique is used to adjust differences between Korean and Indonesian grammar systems. Translators also make a shift in the word's meaning of short stories as long as they do not deviate from the context and message in the ST to produce a natural translation that TL readers can easily understand.
Role of adiponektin and leptin in the development of metabolic syndrome and related obesity and type II diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shevchenko E. A. , Potemina T. E. , Uspensky A. N.
Published: January 2022

Every year the number of people suffering from metabolic syndrome is growing steadily. Associated obesity, type II diabetes mellitus is currently among the most common diseases. Cytokines produced by adipose tissue play the role of regulators in metabolism, with obesity, a change in their secretion occurs and the balance is disturbed, which leads to the development of insulin resistance, and later – metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes mellitus. The study of the mechanisms of the influence of adipokines, in particular adiponectin and leptin, on energy, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are of greatest interest due to their key role in the development of metabolic disorders.