bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroplasticidad: Ejercicios para retrasar los efectos de la Enfermedad de Alzheimer mediante Estimulación Cognitiva
Authors: Castillo Gabriela , Fernández Brayhan , Chamorro Diego
Published: December 2020

La neuroplasticidad  se refiere a la capacidad del sistema nervioso para cambiar su estructura y su funcionamiento a lo largo de su vida, como reacción a la diversidad del entorno permitiendo a las neuronas regenerarse tanto anatómica como funcionalmente y formar nuevas conexiones sinápticas. Este potencial adaptativo del sistema nervioso permite al cerebro reponerse a trastornos o lesiones, y puede reducir los efectos de alteraciones estructurales producidas por patologías como lo es la enfermedad del Alzheimer.  La enfermedad de Alzheimer es una enfermedad cerebral que ocasiona problemas relacionados con la memoria, el pensamiento y el comportamiento. No es una parte normal del envejecimiento. El Alzheimer empeora con el tiempo aunque los síntomas pueden variar mucho. El primer problema que muchas personas notan es el olvido lo suficientemente grave como para afectar su capacidad para funcionar en el hogar o en el trabajo, o para disfrutar de pasatiempos permanentes. La estimulación cognitiva es un conjunto de procedimientos muy útiles para estimular los mecanismos de la neuroplasticidad y con ello detener el avance de la demencia, así como mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente y de su familia.
Kajian Pelaksanaan Kemitraan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Kabupaten Kutai Timur (Studi Kasus di PT.NIKP)
Authors: Munirudin Ali Lutfi , Krisnamurthi Bayu , Winandi Ratna
Published: December 2020

Kelapa sawit menjadi salah satu komoditi perkebunan yang menjadi keunggulan di Kabupaten Kutai Timur sekitar 96% wilayah komoditi tanaman perkebunan dikuasai oleh kelapa sawit. Terdapat dua jenis pengusahaan perkebunan kelapa sawit di daerah ini, yaitu perkebunan besar swasta dan perkebunan rakyat. Pengembangan perkebunan rakyat terdapat beberapa masalah yang dihadapi terkendala akses sarana produksi, pasar, modal, dan pengetahuan petani. Upaya untuk mengatasi masalah perkebunan rakyat adalah kemitraan dengan melibatkan perusahaan perkebunan kelapa sawit yaitu PT.NIKP sebagi mitra petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi mekanisme kemitraan, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi petani bermitra, dan menganalisis dampak kemitraan antara petani dengan PT.NIKP. Jenis data yang digunakan data primer dan sekunder. Metode penarikan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling, purposive sampling dan judgment. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk mekanisme kemitraan, analisis regresi logistik untuk faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi petani bermitra, dan analisis uji beda untuk dampak kemitraan. Hasil penelitian mejelaskan bahwa kemitraan membantu petani mendapatkan bantuan input produksi, bimbingan pengelolaan kebun, dan kemudahan akses pasar. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi petani bermitra adalah usia, pengalaman bertani sawit, luas lahan, dan pembinaan dengan nilai signifikansi kurang dari 0,05. Kemitraan berdampak pada peningkatan pendapatan petani, produktivitas, biaya variabel, dan harga, sehingga usahatani kelapa sawit petani mitra lebih unggul dibandingkan petani non mitra.
Kontribusi Koperasi Karya Bhakti Mandiri Terhadap Usaha Ternak Ayam Kampung Pedaging di Kecamatan Bengalon Kabupaten Kutai Timur
Authors: Istikomah Istikomah , Juraemi Juraemi
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kontribusi Koperasi KBM terhadap pengembangan usaha ternak ayam kampung pedaging di Kecamatan Bengalon Kabupaten Kutai Timur. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Juni-Agustus 2019. Metode penelitian kulitatif statistik non parametrik Uji Chi Square dan Korelasi Rank Spearmans. Explanatory research digunakan untuk menjelaskan hubungan kausal antara variabel peranan dengan pengembangan usaha melalui pengujian hipotesis Uji chi Square dan Korelasi Rank Spearmans. Kontribusi Koperasi KBM dihitung dari besarnya koefisien determinasi. Pengambilan sampel responden ialah anggota koperasi aktif yang sudah melalukan usaha ternak ayam kampung pedaging secara intensif diambil secara total sampling sebanyak 50 orang dengan instrumen kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitas. Peranan Koperasi KBM rata-rata 52% atau termasuk kategori sedang, pengembangan usaha ternak ayam kampung yang dilakukan Koperasi KBM rata-rata 60% berada pada kategori tinggi. Terdapat hubungan yang erat antara Peranan Koperasi KBM terhadap pengembangan usaha ternak ayam pedaging di Kecamatan Bengalon hasil analisis uji Chi Square χ2hitung=31.290 dibandingkan χ2tabel (α=0.05) = 9.488 berpengaruh signifikan Zhitung = 5,236 dibandingkan Ztabel (α=0.5)  = 1,645 Keeratan hubungan berada pada kategori kuat (rs = 0.748). Kontribusi Koperasi KM sebesar 55% berkontribusi terhadap pengembangan usaha ternak ayam kampung pedaging di Kecamatan Bengalon.
Identifikasi Produktivitas Pekarangan Berdasarkan Periode Panen Untuk Menunjang Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga di Kecamatan Sangatta Utara
Authors: Bahar Bahar , Daru Taufan Purwokusumaning , Pranoto Hadi , Darma Surya , Idris Suria Darma
Published: December 2020

Ketahanan pangan telah menjadi tantangan utama berbagai negara termasuk Indonesia. Permasalahan ketahanan pangan merupakan permasalahan lokal, nasional, dan global yang terus dicari solusinya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi komposisi, pola pemanfaatan, produksi, produktivitas dan potensi pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan masyarakat untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan keluarga di Kecamatan Sangatta Utara Kabupaten Kutai Timur. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April–Mei 2019 di Kabupaten Kutai Timur Kecamatan Sangatta Utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei. Sampel berasal dari rumah tangga petani sebanyak 30 sampel secara sengaja (purposive sampling) dengan luas lahan pekarangan yang dikelompokan menjadi tiga strata yaitu strata 1 (0,5–1.0 ha), strata 2 (>1–1,5 ha) dan strata 3 (>1,5–2,0 ha). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif (dikuantitatifkan) dengan Analysis of Data Regression by Excel Office 2010. Pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan di Kecamatan Sangatta Utara memberikan kontribusi cukup besar dalam peningkatan ekonomi rumah tangga dan menunjang ketahanan pangan keluarga. Tingkat produksi menunjukkan pendapatan dari lahan pekarangan rumah tangga tinggi, dengan rata-rata pendapatan diatas 75 kg beras bulan-1.
ANALISIS CEMARAN LOGAM BERAT TIMBAL (Pb) PADA LIPSTIK YANG DIJUAL DI KOTA BANDA ACEH SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN ATOM
Authors: Fauziah Fauziah , Maulinda Adyani , Adriani Azmalina
Published: December 2020

Salah satu sediaan kosmetika yang telah menjadi kosmetika utama bagi para wanita adalah lipstik. Lipstik yang digunakan harus terbebas dari cemaran terutama cemaran logam berat seperti timbal (Pb). Persyaratan kandungan cemaran logam berat timbal (Pb) dalam kosmetik menurut BPOM RI Nomor Hk.03.1.23.07.11.6662 Tahun 2011, tidak melebihi nilai ambang batas sebesar 20 mg/kg atau 20 ppm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi logam berat timbal (Pb) dalam sediaan lipstik yang beredar di Kota Banda Aceh secara spektrofotometri serapan atom. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu sampel lipstik yang dijual dikota Banda Aceh, pengambilan sampel lipstik dilakukan dengan metode random sampling, sebanyak lima sampel lipstik. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kadar timbal bertutut-turut pada sampel kode sampel 1 yaitu 6,83 mg/kg, sampel 2 yaitu 0,12 mg/kg, sampel 3 yaitu 0,72 mg/kg, sampel 4 yaitu 2,99 mg/kg dan sampel 5 yaitu 1,2 mg/kg. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari lima sampel lipstik keseluruhannya memenuhi persyaratan, nilai ambang batas cemaran logam berat timbal (Pb) dalam sampel masih dibawah 20 mg/kg atau 20 ppm.
UJI DAYA HAMBAT ANTIBAKTERI KAPANG ENDOFIT DARI TANAMAN ALANG-ALANG (IMPERATA CYLINDRICA (L.) BEAUV.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS DAN ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: Jamilatun Makhabbah , Aminah Aminah , Shufiyani Shufiyani
Published: December 2020

Perhatian terhadap mikroba endofit telah meningkat karena mempunyai beberapa fungsi, antara lain dapat menghasilkan berbagai senyawa fungsional metabolit sekunder. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, dua kapang endofit berhasil diisolasi dari tanaman alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.). yaitu Fusarium sp. dan Mucor sp. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri kapang endofit dari tanaman alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Penelitian diawali dengan meremajakan dan fermentasi kapang endofit, kemudian pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dari fermentasi kapang endofit yang dilakukan dengan metode Kirby Bauer. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kapang endofit mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri uji. Kapang endofit Fusarium sp mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri uji S.aureus dan E.coli dengan diameter hambatan masing-masing sebesar 16.2 mm dan 16.8 mm. Sedangkan kapang endofit Mucor sp mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri uji S.aureus dan E. coli dengan diameter hambatan masing-masing sebesar 16.2 mm dan 15.2 mm pada isolat Mucor sp yang berasal dari tangkai, dan 21.3 mm dan 16.3 mm pada isolat Mucor sp yang berasal dari akar. Berdasarkan diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk maka aktivitas antibakteri kapang endofit tanaman alang-alang termasuk dalam kategori kuat, sehingga metabolit sekunder kapang endofit dari tanaman alang-alang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan serta dapat dijadikan sumber acuan dalam pencarian jenis antibiotik baru.
Tasks and measures to improve the institutional support for the technological competitiveness of Ukraine's economy
Authors: Zaychenko Volodymyr
Published: December 2020

The relevance of state policy aimed at improving the institutional support for the technological competitiveness of Ukraine's economy is emphasized. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the tasks and measures for improving institutional competitiveness of Ukraine's economy. Scientific novelty of the study consists in substantiation of the system of measures and means of improving the institutional environment of the technological competitiveness of Ukraine, the elements of which are formed in the following areas: structure of state policy, state policy measures and expected outcomes. The recommendations in relation to improvement of legal framework and institutions, oriented on innovation and technological modernization in context of strengthening of Ukrainian economy competitiveness form the practical significance of the results. The tasks of the state policy in improvement of the "institutes" and "institutions" elements of the institutional environment of the state policy of ensuring the technological competitiveness are defined. They include the improvement of basic legislation on innovative and scientific-technological activity; formation of legislation on the development of infrastructure of scientific and technological activities, integrated systems, implementation of joint projects; improving of the system of strategizing and programming the development of scientific and technological activities; elimination of administrative barriers to introduction of advanced technologies; formation of positive social attitude towards innovations and technologies; improvement of the system of organization and management of development of scientific and technological activity; introduction of monitoring, control and forecasting instruments of technological development policy; creation of financial and resource support funds for scientific and technological activities; formation and effective use of personnel potential of scientific and technological activity; development of internal and external information and communication system.
Financial decentralization as a precondition of increasing the local governance capacity in Ukraine
Authors: Siryk Zenoviy
Published: December 2020

Modern period of Ukrainian development is characterized by extended process of local governance and administrative-financial decentralization reforms, as well as a set of sectoral reforms that started in 2014. The process, which can generally be characterized as the decentralization process, has become the driving force directed at improving the level of territories’ socio-economic development and strengthening the local governance capacity in Ukraine. It is grounded on growing financial autonomy of local authorities, expansion of the list and improving quality of public services granted to residents, and meeting the needs of territorial communities in all activity domains. The paper aims to examine the process of financial decentralization as a precondition of increasing the capacity of local governance in Ukraine. The paper determines that local finances are the process of making financial and investment decisions according to the planned tasks and sources of maintenance. It reveals that the sources of financial provision of territorial communities stipulate the forming of local budgets’ revenues in time based on real processes. The approach contributes to avoiding the excessive expenses and more distinct but rather short-term predicting of budgets composition, as well as optimal defining of funding priorities for corresponding activities. The structure of funding sources in Ukraine is analyzed. The weight of local budgets’ revenues in the structure of Ukraine’s consolidated budget in 2014-2018 is determined. The fact that financial decentralization as one of the key reforms is directed at strengthening of financial-economic capacity of territorial units based on the principles of autonomy, self-sufficiency, and efficiency is emphasized.
Social exclusion in the age of economic transformations: global trends and features of manifestation
Authors: Karpyak Mariya
Published: December 2020

Modern processes of globalization have significantly influenced the way of life of both domestic and international socio-economic systems. Transformations of economic models in the world, opening of borders, consolidation and emergence of new markets – all this has objectively led to the deepening of social inequality and, as a consequence, the declining social mobility caused by economic factors. As a result, there was a gradual deformation of the social status of the individual, which in turn was accompanied by a decrease in the level of his social protection due to the lack of effective mechanisms to ensure the realization of basic constitutional rights and freedoms. Numerous transformations of economic systems at different levels lead to the fact that large sections of the population are alienated from the results of economic development, in fact «excluded» or «disconnected» from the processes of social relations, limited or deprived of access to basic social institutions. This is manifested in huge gaps in income, deficits in participation, in particular in consumption, in the labor market, in certain aspects of social interaction and support, which, in turn, leads to the spread of the phenomenon of social exclusion. Therefore, the aim of the article is to study the global trends that determine the spread of social exclusion, as well as to identify the features of the manifestation of this phenomenon in the modern world. In the context of the study, the reasons underlying the formation of the phenomenon of social exclusion, problems and risks that determine its spread in the global space are substantiated. A general assessment of the factors that determine the risks of social exclusion in society is presented. Features and forms of manifestation of social exclusion in the modern world under the influence of global challenges and world socio-economic changes are also revealed. Thus, the global challenges facing the world and national communities, stimulate society to seek new models of socio-economic development that can ensure greater participation of all citizens in society, require the development and application of specific mechanisms that will allow everyone to equally influence all spheres of public life.
Krytyczne archiwa codzienności
Authors: Mościcki Paweł
Published: December 2020

Tekst jest próbą zwrócenia uwagi na teoretyczne konteksty projektu artystycznego Tomasza Szerszenia "Ty. Ja. Rzeczy". Podejmuje analizę trzech istotnych wątków: krytyki codzienności Henri Lefebvre'a, krytyki spektaklu Guy Deborda oraz krytyki społeczeństwa konsumpcji Georgesa Pereca. W każdym przypadku autor zwraca uwagę na rolę kategorii archiwum oraz na to, w jaki sposób projekt artystyczny może przetwarzać i rozwijać rozważania teoretyczne. Ważnym celem tekstu jest również zwrócenie uwagi na możliwość wykorzystania badań nad archiwami do krytycznej analizy najnowszej historii, ale także codzienności w jej najbardziej aktualnym wymiarze.
Addenda to the knowledge of the weevil fauna (Сoleoptera: Сurculionidae) of Ukraine and bionomy
Authors: Khrapov Denys , Yunakov Nikolai
Published: December 2020

Highly precise occurrence data for 13 poorly-known weevil species in Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk Provinces of Ukraine are given: Eubrychius velutus (Beck, 1817), Pelenomus velaris (Gyllenhal, 1827), Cotaster uncipes (Boheman, 1838), Anthonomus undulatus Gyllenhal, 1836, Orthochaetes setiger (Beck, 1817), Acallocrates colonnellii Bahr, 2003, Centricnemus leucogrammus (Germar, 1823), Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834), Otiorhynchus pinastri (Herbst, 1795), Paophilus afflatus (Boheman, 1833), Stomodes gyrosicollis Boheman, 1842, Adexius scrobipennis Gyllenhal, 1834, Neoplinthus tigratus porcatus (Panzer, 1798). Eubrychius velutus, Anthonomus undulatus and Acallocrates colonnellii are recorded from Ukraine for the first time. Cotaster uncipes (Boheman, 1838) firstly documented since 1941 and firstly recorded from Lviv Province and Ciscarpathian region.
Influence of beech forests fragmentation of Stilsky Hillside on their microclimatic parameters
Authors: Оrlov Oleg , Ragulina Maryna
Published: December 2020

Estimation of changes in the microclimatic parameters of beech forests of the Stilsky Hillside, by measuring the water-temperature indicators of the soil regime and bryoindication, were performed. Fragmentation of forest causes significant changes in microclimatic parameters in bondary habitats areas, which leads to both biodiversity loss and a decrease of the unchanged forest areas. In fragmented beech forests, the influence of the edge effect on the water-temperature regime of soils is observed within a distance of 20-40 meters, but the eco-floristic structure of nemoral moss vegetation is stabilized only at a distance from 160 m. Thus, bryobiontes are a shown to be a sensitive marker of the microclimatic regime changes in a fragmented ecosystem. In the studied beeches Metzgeria furcata, Radula complanata, Anomodon attenuatus, A. viticulosus, Cirriphyllum crassinervium are indicators of the "interior forest". The determined amplitude of the edge effect indicates the fragmentation as a crucial factor on the small areas of forest and its role in the loss of climate-sensitive groups of biota, primarily mosses.
Ce qu'un réanimateur doit savoir des TAVI
Authors: Besnier Emmanuel , Aludaat Chadi , Eltchaninoff Hélène , Durand Éric
Published: December 2020

Le rétrécissement aortique est la valvulopathie acquise la plus fréquente. Quand il devient serré et symptomatique, la mortalité à 2 ans est proche de 80% en l’absence de prise en charge. Le traitement repose sur le remplacement valvulaire, historiquement réalisé par voie chirurgicale. L’avènement des procédures percutanées par cathétérisme cardiaque TAVI (Trans-catheter Aortic Valve Implantation) a tout d’abord permis de traiterdes patients jugés inopérables, puis avec l’avancée des connaissances cette procédure s’est étendue aux populations à risque chirurgicale élevépuis intermédiaire, et a même été validée chez les patients à bas risque aux Etats-Unis suite à de grandes études multicentriques. Le principe consiste à implanter une bioprothèse aortique suturée sur un stent directement au sein de la valve native calcifiée, soit par un procédé de dilatation au ballonnet, soit par un procédé auto-expansé. Le TAVI présente l’avantage d’une procédure peu invasive, le plus souvent réalisée sous anesthésie locale et sédation, et une durée de séjour courte. La récupération fonctionnelle est plus rapide qu’après chirurgie cardiaque conventionnelle.Un autre avantage par rapport à la chirurgie cardiaque conventionnelle est un moindre taux de complications graves (choc cardiogénique, saignement majeure, accident vasculaire cérébrale, insuffisance rénale, décès toute cause). En revanche certaines complications sont plus spécifiques du TAVI comme l’apparition d’un trouble conduction de haut degré nécessitant la pose d’un pacemaker, et l’existence de complications vasculaires. La surveillance en soins intensifs en découlant est donc plus courte qu’après chirurgie et doit probablement être personnalisée selon le risque du patient.

L’utilisation du TAVI chez les sujets à risque et/ou âgés semble parfaitement implanté en France. L’extension des indications à des sujets à bas risque et plus jeunes n’est pas encore autorisée en France et en Europe.  L’étude de la durabilité des bioprothèses implantées par voie percutanée à long terme nécessite des investigations supplémentaires.
Tendencias en el uso del cuerpo en el valle del Atuel (sur de Mendoza) durante el Holoceno tardío final
Authors: Peralta Eva Ailén
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se propone explorar los marcadores de uso del cuerpo para conocer el estilo de vida de los grupos humanos del valle del Atuel (sur de Mendoza) durante los últimos 2000 años, en el marco de la interacción caza-recolección/producción de alimentos. Específicamente se busca evaluar las demandas mecánicas, así como discutir posibles asociaciones con la movilidad y con las actividades físicas vinculadas a la subsistencia, para lo cual se estudia la variación de los cambios entésicos y de las lesiones articulares. Se comparan las tendencias entre unidades espaciales (desiertos de Monte y Patagonia) y por bloques temporales (2000-1000 años AP y 1000-200 años AP). Los resultados indican que las muestrasde ambos desiertos exhibieron patrones diferenciados que pueden interpretarse como el resultado de estrategias particulares asociadas al uso del cuerpo. Para el primer bloque temporal, en Monte la movilidad podría ser menor que en Patagonia y los miembros superiores estarían menos exigidos, mientras que no se observan cambios sustanciales en el segundo bloque. Estas tendencias podrían también explicarse por los efectos del sexo y la edad, o del tamaño corporal de los individuos, variables hasta el momento desconocidas, dadas las características de las muestras disponibles.
Cytokines mediated hyperinflammation in SARS-CoV2: An Overview
Authors: Ali Liaqat
Published: December 2020

Hyperinflammation induced by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) is a major cause of disease severity and mortality in infected patients. The immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV2 infection is similar to the previous Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV coronavirus with severe inflammatory responses. Therefore, severity of this viral infection is not only associated with the virus but also due to host immune responses. Hyperinflammatory responses due to cytokine storm are a centerpiece of SARS-CoV2 pathogenesis with overwhelming consequences for the host. Virus infected monocyte derived macrophages produce cytokines and this contributes to damage of lymphoid tissue and limits the lymphocyte responses. Blocking the deadly cytokine storm and T lymphocyte stimulation is a vital defense for treating SARS-CoV2. Here, we will describe the role of hyperinflamation and the involvement of cytokines in severe SARS-CoV2 infection.
Gendered Impact and Implications of COVID-19: A Narrative Global Status-Quo Review
Authors: Mansoor Taskeen
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented health situation with considerable effects on health systems, economies and societies. Alongside clinically different outcomes for men and women, COVID-19 brought with it social and behavioral changes. There is a need to look at the current pandemic through a gender lens. This review delineates the disproportionate impact of the pandemic with respect to gender and explores the initial literature on gender and COVID-19. Further research can also consider studying the intersectionality within genders to facilitate engendering the public health programs and policies related to pandemics.
Decomposable Twofold Triple Systems with Non-Hamiltonian 2-Block Intersection Graphs
Authors: Cameron Rosalind A. , Pike David A.
Published: December 2020

The $2$-block intersection graph ($2$-BIG) of a twofold triple system (TTS)  is the graph whose vertex set is composed of the blocks of the TTS and two vertices are joined by an edge if the corresponding blocks intersect in exactly two elements. The $2$-BIGs are themselves interesting graphs: each component is cubic and $3$-connected, and a $2$-BIG is bipartite exactly when the TTS is decomposable to two Steiner triple systems. Any connected bipartite $2$-BIG with no Hamilton cycle is a further counter-example to a disproved conjecture posed by Tutte in 1971. Our main result is that there exists an integer $N$ such that for all $v\geq N$, if  $v\equiv 1$ or $3\mod{6}$ then there exists a TTS($v$) whose $2$-BIG is bipartite and connected but not Hamiltonian. Furthermore, $132u$ in such a way that, after a single trade, the $2$-BIG of the resulting TTS($v$) is bipartite connected and non-Hamiltonian.
On the Gonality of Cartesian Products of Graphs
Authors: Aidun Ivan , Morrison Ralph
Published: December 2020

In this paper we provide the first systematic treatment of Cartesian products of graphs and their divisorial gonality, which is a tropical version of the gonality of an algebraic curve defined in terms of chip-firing.  We prove an upper bound on the gonality of the Cartesian product of any two graphs, and determine instances where this bound holds with equality, including for the $m\times n$ rook's graph with $\min\{m,n\}\leq 5$.  We use our upper bound to prove that Baker's gonality conjecture holds for the Cartesian product of any two graphs with two or more vertices each, and we determine precisely which nontrivial product graphs have gonality equal to Baker's conjectural upper bound.  We also extend some of our results to metric graphs.
Sign Variation and Descents
Authors: Bergeron Nantel , Dermenjian Aram , Machacek John
Published: December 2020

For any $n > 0$ and $0 \leq m < n$, let $P_{n,m}$ be the poset of projective equivalence classes of $\{-,0,+\}$-vectors of length $n$ with sign variation bounded by $m$, ordered by reverse inclusion of the positions of zeros. Let $\Delta_{n,m}$ be the order complex of $P_{n,m}$. A previous result from the third author shows that $\Delta_{n,m}$ is Cohen-Macaulay over $\mathbb{Q}$ whenever $m$ is even or $m = n-1$. Hence, it follows that the $h$-vector of $\Delta_{n,m}$ consists of nonnegative entries. Our main result states that $\Delta_{n,m}$ is partitionable and we give an interpretation of the $h$-vector when  $m$ is even or $m = n-1$. When $m = n-1$ the entries of the $h$-vector turn out to be the new Eulerian numbers of type $D$ studied by Borowiec and Młotkowski in [ Electron. J. Combin., 23(1):#P1.38, 2016]. We then combine our main result with Klee's generalized Dehn-Sommerville relations to give a geometric proof of some facts about these Eulerian numbers of type $D$.
Low Weight Perfect Matchings
Authors: Ehard Stefan , Mohr Elena , Rautenbach Dieter
Published: December 2020

Answering a question posed by Caro, Hansberg, Lauri, and Zarb, we show that for every positive integer $n$ and every function $\sigma\colon E(K_{4n})\to\{-1,1\}$ with $\sigma\left(E(K_{4n})\right)=0$, there is a perfect matching $M$ in $K_{4n}$with $\sigma(M)=0$. Strengthening the consequence of a result of Caro and Yuster, we show that for every positive integer $n$ and every function $\sigma\colon E(K_{4n})\to\{-1,1\}$ with $\left|\sigma\left(E(K_{4n})\right)\right|<n^2+11n+2,$ there is a perfect matching $M$ in $K_{4n}$ with $|\sigma(M)|\leq 2$. Both these results are best possible.
Image Brayut on The Creation of Ceramic Sculpture
Authors: MUDRA I Wayan
Published: December 2020

Men Brayut is one of the interesting stories of Balinese people since ancient times until present that acts as a source of inspiration in art. This study aimed creating and describing the ceramic sculptures inspired by the Men Brayut story. This research uses qualitative descriptive
approach in which the researcher becomes the main instrument. Data collection by observation and documentation. This statue was made using SP Gustami’s creation method namely exploration, improvisation and embodiment. The results show that the creation process of ceramic sculpture featuring
Brayut image can be separated into two, they are the process of making the main character of Men Brayut and the process of making Brayut’s children as an ornamental media that can show the image of Brayut on the sculpture. The creation this sculpture was started from the bottom using
the combined technique of slab, pinching, and coil. Based on its function, the creation of this statue is functioned as the ornamentation and the practice as well as the ornamentation. This work implemented the green, blue and brown glazes with the combustion temperature was 1200°C. Some
of the created works were titled to Joy, Fatigue, Affection, and Affection 2.
The Earliest Chinese Translation of Kropotkin’s Mutual Aid
Authors: GE Yinli
Published: December 2020

In 1908, the first and second chapters of Kropotkin’s Mutual Aid were first translated into Chinese by Li Shizeng, greatly influencing Chinese anarchists. Li Shizeng followed Kropotkin’s scientific argument of anarchism and strengthened the viewpoint for praising
“public” and suppressing “private”. When translating Kropotkin’s thoughts, Li Shizeng focused on political revolution, glossing over the criticism of the capitalist economy, and barely referenced Kropotkin’s original anarchist communist ideology.
Staufen and Plantagenets. Ed. Alheydis Plassmann and Dominik Büschken. Bonn: V & R Unipress, Bonn University Press, 2018, 13 figures, 303 pp.
Authors: Nicholas David
Published: December 2020

This collection deals generally with the twelfth-century Hohenstaufen domains, which were called an “empire” by contemporaries, and the Plantagenet territories, which were not. The focus, although it is not adhered to rigidly, is the period of Henry II (1154–1189)
in the Plantagenet areas of England and Western France and of Frederick I Barbarossa (1152–1190) in the Holy Roman Empire. It contains an introduction and nine substantive articles, two in German and the rest in English. Each paper appends its own list of sources and bibliography and
an abstract in English. There is a substantial literature on most topics discussed, to which the authors add their own interpretations.
Thibaut de Champagne, Les Chansons— Texts and Melodies. Bilingual edition prepared by Christopher Callahan, Marie-Geneviève Grossel, and Daniel E. O'Sullivan. Paris: Champion, 2018, pp. 848.
Authors: Cormier Raymond J.
Published: December 2020

Counted among the most original and prolific medieval French poets, Thibaut IV, count of Champagne and Brie, King of Navarre, was also called Thibaut the poet entertainer (1201–1253). This great-grandson of Eleanor of Aquitaine and great-grandfather of Marie de Champagne, was
celebrated by Dante for the purity of his lyrics and widely admired for his mastery of all genres of the time. Remarkable as well for his interpretations of antique mythology and bestiaries, this grand prince and Crusade hero forged poems devoted to the Virgin, transmuting the lyrical lady
into a celestial figura. The generous and capacious volume to hand, prepared by young scholars, one French and two Americans, is completely devoted to the famous poet; it is, since the long-respected 1925 edition by Wallensköld (SATF; just a single scholar), the first really complete
one. It offers not only all the poems (love songs, debate poems, pastourelles, Crusade, and religious poems) accompanied by their melody, but also robust notes, concordant variants, and isolated melodies. The modern French translations are complemented by additional comments in the glossary,
thus offering the reader a very generous and useful reference tool, the fruit of years of accumulated philological and musicological research.
Thomas Aquinas, Basic Philosophical Writing: From the Summa Theologiae and The Principles of Nature, ed. and trans. by Steven Baldner. Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview Press, 2019, 254 pp.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: December 2020

No one can overlook the intellectual medieval giant, Thomas Aquinas. He looms so large in the Middle Ages that we ultimately almost tend to take him for granted and yet still do not quite know what positions he might have taken on so many different issues. St. Augustine, Isidore of
Seville, and Thomas Aquinas belong to a category of medieval philosophers and theologians all by their themselves, which makes it rather difficult for most readers to gain a concise understanding of their teachings. Normally, we do nothing but cherry-picking, and use whatever statements we
might need for our own research topics. But this does not do justice to those major figures. Any effort to synthesize and summarize what they had to say in a modern language can only be welcomed, certainly a daunting task.
Wouter Druwé, Scandalum in the Early Bolognese Decretistic and in Papal Decretals (ca. 1140–1234). Spicilegium Sacrum Lovaniense, 55. Leuven: Peeters, 2018, 110p.
Authors: Ribémont Bernard
Published: December 2020

Comme le titre l’indique, ce court ouvrage, que je qualifierais volontiers d’essai, entend traiter du concept de scandale dans la littérature juridique de la principale période de constitution des fondements du droit canon au Moyen Âge et ce centré
sur l’« école bolognaise », en partant du texte fondateur de Gratien (recensions I et II) jusqu’aux dites Decretales Gregorii IX ou Liber extra (1234), compilation de Raimond de Peñafort. Le choix du centrage sur Bologne est évidemment
justifié au vu de l’importance de cette école et de l’influence qu’elle exerça durant le Moyen Âge.
A. D. Carr, The Gentry of North Wales in the Later Middle Ages. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2017, xviii, 296 pp.
Authors: Breeze Andrew
Published: December 2020

Professor Antony Carr of Bangor has spent his life on the study of medieval Wales; he has now produced a masterpiece of learning on Welsh society in what some see as its golden age. Seldom does one encounter a historical work so flawless and satisfying in its presentation. It is a model
of enquiry, and should be known outside Wales as an example of how to describe any historical community, high or low.
David K. Coley, Death and the Pearl-Maiden: Plague, Poetry, England. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University Press, 2018, 220 pp.
Authors: Beal Jane
Published: December 2020

David K. Coley (Associate Professor of English, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia) has produced an intriguing new book examining the four poems of the Pearl Manuscript, Cotton Nero A.x. – Pearl, Cleanness, Patience, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight –
in the context of late-medieval English and European plague treatises, texts, and discourses. Coley considers the Black Plague as a cultural trauma, which deeply affected the poet, who, motivated either by subconscious post-traumatic feeling or conscious artistry, used the same language and
exempla used in plague texts in key passages of his poems. Coley indicates that his goal in the book is “to investigate how the history of the medieval plague experience might be simultaneously forgotten and remembered in late medieval literature”
(5) and, more specifically, to examine:
La Cronique et histoire des mervilleuses aventures de Appolin roy de Thir (from the London manuscript, British Library, Royal 20 C II). Ed. Vladimir Agrigoroaei. Published under the direction of Claudio Galderisi and Pierre Nobel. Bibliothèque de Transmédie, 1.
Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2013, 205 pp.
Authors: Cormier Raymond
Published: December 2020

Doubtless the hero’s journey was invented long before the Middle Ages. But, at least since The Odyssey, the theme was certainly popular, “back in the day.” Like some modern-day super hero, Appolin (Apollonius) encounters, during his own odyssey, an endless array
of life-bending adventures. The list seems endless: an incest episode, a shipwreck, an encounter with a dragon as well a virgin in a brothel, and so forth, all occurring within some thirty chapter-like narrative sequences of about sixty lines each.
Approaches to Teaching Piers Plowman, ed. Thomas A. Goodmman. New York: MLA, 2018, pp. 266.
Authors: Beal Jane
Published: December 2020

After publishing no volumes on teaching medieval literature in four years, in 2018 the MLA has published three new volumes in its “Approaches to Teaching World Literature” series that are particularly relevant to teachers of medieval literature at the collegiate level: Approaches
to Teaching the Middle English Pearl (2018) edited by Jane Beal and Brad Busbee; Approaches to Teaching the Works of Christine de Pizan (2018) edited by Andrea Tarnowski; and Thomas A. Goodmann’s Approaches to Teaching Piers Plowman. Goodmann’s book is a pedagogically
astute, thoroughly useful volume. Anyone teaching, or planning to teach, Piers Plowman should get a hold of this book immediately and read it cover to cover. It includes almost everything needed on how to teach Piers Plowman well, better, and (dare I say it?) best.
Harald Müller, (Hg.), Der Verlust der Eindeutigkeit. Zur Krise päpstlicher Autorität im Kampf um die Cathedra Petri. Schriften des Historischen Kollegs, Kolloquien, 95. Berlin und Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2017, X,244 S.
Authors: Lützelschwab Ralf
Published: December 2020

Man wird Harald Müller, dem Herausgeber des vorliegenden, auf ein Kolloquium im Historischen Kolleg München (März 2015) zurückgehenden Sammelbandes wohl zustimmen müssen: Gegenpäpste galten (und gelten) als ,,finstere Bedrohungen der wahren Kirche mit hohem
dramatischen Wert und Aktualisierungspotenzial“ (2). Dies mag mit dafür verantwortlich sein, dass in den letzten Jahren das Interesse an Gegenpäpsten neu erwacht ist. Müller selbst hat daran maßgeblichen Anteil. Seine profunden Kenntnisse auf dem Gebiet <?page
nr="515"?>entfaltet er in einem einleitenden Kapitel (Autorität und Krise. Der Verlust der Eindeutigkeit und seine Folgen am Beispiel der mittelalterlichen Gegenpäpste – einleitende Gedanken, 1–18). Strukturelle und konflikttheoretische Ansätze greifen hier ineinander:
Spaltung sei, so Müller, stets als Vervielfältigung, als Multiplikation von Ämtern und Strukturen zu begreifen. Im Konflikt um das Papstamt gehe es um Eindeutigkeit, sowohl auf der Wahrnehmungs- als auch auf der Handlungsebene, setzten doch Papstprätendenten alles daran,
eindeutige Zustände durch eine Überwindung der Konkurrenz herzustellen. Dazu gehört retrospektiv auch die Vereindeutigung in der memoria und Geschichtsschreibung. Das macht den Umgang mit ,,Gegenpäpsten“ nicht unbedingt einfacher, sind sie doch in erheblichem
Maße Produkt, ja sogar Konstrukt krisenbegleitender Fremdzuschreibungen.
Neo-Latin and the Vernaculars. Bilingual Interactions in the Early Modern Period. Ed. Alexander Winkler and Florian Schaffenrath. Medieval and Renaissance Authors and Texts, 20. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2019, X, 255pp.
Authors: Galle Christoph
Published: December 2020

Die Entwicklung der europäischen Volkssprachen hin zu etablierten Schrift- und Literatursprachen hatte verschiedene Ursachen, erfolgte unter je ganz eigenen Rahmenbedingungen und verlief im Spätmittelalter und / oder in der frühen Neuzeit unterschiedlich schnell. In allen
Fällen aber kam es zu einem Nebeneinander mit dem Neulateinischen, das im weiteren Verlauf allmählich und immer mehr aus dem öffentlichen Diskurs verschwand, aber bis weit ins 18., teilweise noch bis ins 19. Jahrhundert hinein den akademischen Betrieb prägte (S. 1, 5).
Dieses wechselseitige Verhältnis von Volkssprachen und Neulatein will der zu besprechende Band anhand von Fallstudien näher beleuchten und damit einem klaren Desiderat begegnen. Schließlich ist das Neulateinische im Vergleich zur Erforschung der Volkssprache
bislang eher stiefmütterlich behandelt worden – ein Zustand, der verwundern mag angesichts der Bedeutung, die das Lateinische sowohl für die frühneuzeitliche Kommunikation als auch für die Herausbildung und Entwicklung von Volkssprachen hatte und letztlich auch für
die gegenwärtige historische Quellenarbeit noch immer hat.
Nuns’ Literacies in Medieval Europe: The Antwerp Dialogue, ed. Virginia Blanton, Veronica O’Mara, and Patricia Stoop. Medieval Women: Texts and Contexts, 28. Turnhout: Brepols, 2017, xlvi, 502 pp., 2 color plates, 21 fig., 1 map, 2 tables.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: December 2020

The papers collected in this volume were originally presented at a conference at the University of Antwerp in June 2013. It was the third in a series of scholarly meetings, two of which took place at the University of Hull (2011) and the University of Missouri-Kansas (2012). While much
scholarly attention has already been paid to such famous nuns as Hildegard of Bingen or those in the convent of Helfta, the purpose here is to shed light on the vast number of medieval nuns who have not yet been the object of critical examination, especially in light of their learning, reading
abilities, and their roles as authors. Any text produced in a monastery served, of course, very specific purposes, supporting the liturgy, meditation, spiritual learning, etc., so we cannot expect any secular material. The issue pursued here, however, is concerned with literacy by medieval
nuns, and all three volumes would have to be consulted to get the full picture developed collectively by many different contributors. The first volume focused on nuns in northern England, especially England, Germany, the Low Countries, and Sweden. The second volume widened the geographic scope
of investigation and deepened the analysis considerably, examining, for instance, how to identify nuns’ writing and artistic work reflecting theological issues.
Sheilagh Ogilvie, The European Guilds. An Economic Analysis. Princeton, NJ, and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2019, 7 figures, 20 color plates, 102 tables, 30 black-and-white maps and drawings in text, 20 color plates, xviii, 645 pp.
Authors: Nicholas David
Published: December 2020

This is the second volume of the author’s comparative study of guilds in Europe. The first, Institutions and European Trade. Merchant Guilds, 1000–1800 (Cambridge 2011) was discussed by this reviewer in Mediaevistik 25 (2012), 544‐46. This book deals
with craft organizations, which Ogilvie defines (p. 10) as involving anyone but merchant wholesalers. The first chapter is historiographical, the last a conclusion, and eight substantive chapters deal with specific topics.
Gunthild Peters, Zwei Gulden vom Fuder. Mathematik der Fassmessung und praktisches Visierwissen im 15. Jahrhundert. Boethius, 69. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2018. 344 S. Zahlreiche Abb.
Authors: Heinz Werner
Published: December 2020

Die Schriftenreihe ,,Boethius“ beinhaltet ,,Texte und Abhandlungen zur Geschichte der Mathematik und der Naturwissenschaften“. Damit wird der Stellenwert dieses Buches, hervorgegangen aus der leicht überarbeiteten Berliner Dissertation der Autorin, sofort deutlich.
Um es mit einem Wort zu sagen: Die Darstellung der Fassmessungen sowie der zugehörigen Mathematik ist der Autorin hervorragend gelungen! Damit ist ein in diesem Arbeitsfeld selten zu findendes Maß an Interdisziplinarität gewährleistet. Peters leistet noch mehr: Sie ediert
die Visiertextsammlung im Anhang. Auf diese Weise verbindet dieses Buch historische Fragen der Wirtschaftsgeschichte mit den zugehörigen mathematischen Berechnungen und den originalen Texten.
Robert Bork, Late Gothic Architecture: Its Evolution, Extinction, and Reception. Architectura Medii Aevi, X. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2018, 552 pp, 337 b&w and 332 color ill.
Authors: Stanford Charlotte A.
Published: December 2020

In studies of Gothic architecture, structures categorized as “late” (that is, begun after the mid-fourteenth century) have traditionally received little attention by scholars. Gothic, it has even been argued, was decadent and dying by the fifteenth
century. This new study by Robert Bork demonstrates, however, that up until the 1530s throughout Western European lands, vibrant and viable building projects were completed, continued, and even commenced in the manner known as “late Gothic.”
Richard Mackenney, Venice as the Polity of Mercy: Guilds, Confraternities, and the Social Order, c. 1250–c. 1650. Toronto Italian Studies. Toronto, Buffalo, and London: University of Toronto Press, 2019, xiii, 471.
Authors: Willard Thomas
Published: December 2020

Shakespeare is well known to have set two of his plays in and around Venice: The Merchant of Venice (1596) and The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice (1603). The first is often remembered for its famous speech about “the quality of mercy,” delivered by
the female lead Portia in the disguise of a legal scholar from the university town of Padua. The speech helps to spare the life of her new husband’s friend and financial backer against the claims of the Jewish moneylender Shylock. The play has raised questions for Shakespearean scholars
about the choice of Venice as an open city where merchants of all nations and faiths would meet on the Rialto while the city’s Senate, composed of leading merchants, worked hard to keep it open to all and especially profitable for its merchants. Those who would like to learn more about
the city’s development as a center of trade can learn much from Richard Mackenney’s new book.
Drachenblut & Heldenmut, hrsg. Stefanie Knöll. Regensburg: Schnell + Steiner, 2019, 319 S., s/w und farbige Abb.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: December 2020

Der Drache taucht überall auf, sowohl in der griechischen Antike als auch im europäischen Mittelalter, dazu in der asiatischen Welt. Immer wieder repräsentiert er, jedenfalls im Westen, das Böse schlechthin, dass aber der strahlende Held voller Tapferkeit und Mut
im Kampf vernichten kann. Sowohl die Literatur als auch die Kunstgeschichte sind voll mit Drachengestalten, und so überrascht es nicht, dass eine bedeutende Kunstsammlung wie die in der Veste Coburg über einen großen Schatz einschlägiger Exponate verfügt, die auf
einer Ausstellung vom 27. Juni bis 22. September 2019 zu besichtigen waren. Der begleitende Katalog liegt hier zur Besprechung vor, aber es gilt sogleich zu beachten, dass der überwiegende Schwerpunkt der ganzen Ausstellung auf der Darstellung des Drachen seit dem 16. Jahrhundert ruht.
Die Abbildung auf dem vorderen Umschlag zeigt zwar den Hl. Georg im Kampf gegen den Drachen vom Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts, aber das Mittelalter ist trotzdem insgesamt nur dünn vertreten.
Franz X. Eder, Eros, Wollust, Sünde: Sexualität in Europa von der Antike bis in die Frühe Neuzeit. Frankfurt a. M. und New York: Campus Verlag, 2019, 536 S.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: December 2020

Kaum ein anderes Thema als Sexualität hat sich so fruchtbringend in der Forschung zu Wort gemeldet, und dies schon seit weit mehr als hundert Jahren. Die Regale füllen sich inzwischen mit einschlägigen Studien, denn mittels Sexualität lassen sich viele Einblicke
in die Mentalitäts-, Religions-, Medizin- und Emotionsgeschichte gewinnen. Ein Ende der Bemühungen, sich wissenschaftlich mit diesem Aspekt auseinanderzusetzen, ist kaum abzusehen, und Franz X. Eder, der bereits eine Fülle an einschlägigen Arbeiten dazu veröffentlicht
hat, bietet nun erneut eine größere Überblicksdarstellung, die uns von der Antike bis ins 16. und 17. Jahrhundert führt und dabei primär auf einen großen Fundus an relevanter wissenschaftlicher Literatur zurückgreift, die mittlerweile sehr praktisch auf
einer vom Autor selbst betriebenen Webseite (nur auf Englisch: https://www.univie.ac.at/Wirtschaftsgeschichte/Sexbibl/search.html) abrufbar ist (4. Auflage im
Februar 2014 abgeschlossen, also seitdem nicht weiter fortgeführt, wie es scheint).