bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Payment Method, Sosial Media Marketing, Dan Online Customer Review Terhadap Purchase Desicion Produk Fashion Di Shopee
Authors: Rofika Ulya , Arifin Samsul
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Menganalisis pengaruh payment method terhadap purchase desicion produk fashion di Shopee. Menganalisis pengaruh sosial media marketing terhadap purchase desicion produk fashion di Shopee. Menganalisis pengaruh online customer review terhadap purchase desicion produk fashion di Shopee. Menganalisis pengaruh payment method, Sosial Media marketing, dan online customer review terhadap purchase desicion produk fashion di Shopee. Penelitian ini mengguankan penelitian kuantitatif dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 102 responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Secara parsial Payment method tidak berpengaruh terhadap Purchase Decision.  Secara parsial Sosial Media marketing dan Online customer review berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Purchase Decision dan Secara simultan payment method, Sosial Media marketing, dan online customer review berpengaruh signifikan terhadap terhadap purchase desicion produk fashion di Shopee  terlihat dari hasil uji ANOVA bahwa nilai F hitung mempunyai nilai sebesar 17.269 sedangkan nilai F tabelnya sebesar 2.69 kemudian didapat nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.000 yang mana lebih kecil dari taraf signifikansinya sebesar 0.05.
Analisis Prosedur Pemberian Kredit Dan Penagihan Piutang Pada Kantor Cabang PT. BPR Pijer Podi Kekelengen Simpang Selayang
Authors: Simamora Carmenita Natania , Manurung Amran , Siringoringo Magdalena J.
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the procedures for granting credit and collecting receivables in a company in order to identify the effectiveness and efficiency of the system used. Credit granting is an important aspect in financial management that can affect the company's liquidity and profitability. However, if not managed properly, this can increase the risk of bad debts and have a negative impact on the company's financial health.
This study uses a qualitative descriptive method by collecting data through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the credit granting procedures in the company analyzed have followed applicable standards, but there are still some weaknesses in the credit assessment process that can lead to the risk of bad debts. On the other hand, receivables collection in the company still faces challenges in terms of timeliness and effectiveness of communication with customers. Thus, it is expected that the company can increase liquidity and reduce the risk of bad debts, which ultimately contributes to the company's financial stability.
Pengaruh Sumber Daya Pekerjaan Dengan Keterikatan Kerja Sebagai Mediasi Terhadap Perilaku Proaktif Pada PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara Persero Rayon Ampera
Authors: Ranti Meri , . Trisinawati
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of job resources and job commitment as mediators in proactive behavior. This type of research uses a quantitative research approach. The method of data collection from research on the effect of work resources and work involvement as mediators on proactive behavior is the survey method. The survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to PT employees. PLN Persero Rayon Ampera. The questionnaire contains questions to measure the studied variables, namely work resources, work commitment and proactive behavior. Data analysis techniques in this research, the researcher analyzed the data by making a questionnaire. So, the management of the data used in this research uses structural equation modeling (SEM) with the method of least partials (PLS) through the computer program or the SmartPLS application. The results of this study explain that job resources have a positive impact commitment to work. The results of the analysis show that professional resources have a positive impact on work engagement. Work engagement has a positive influence on proactive behavior. The results of the analysis also show that work engagement has a positive impact on proactive behavior. Work engagement plays a mediating role in the relationship between job resources and proactive behavior. The results of the analysis show that work engagement plays a mediating role in the relationship between job resources and proactive behavior.
Penerapan Metode Dmaic Untuk Meminimalisasi Ketidaksesuaian Stock Opname Antara Sistem Inventory Dengan Aktual Barang Di Perusahaan Retail Pada PT. Primafood International (Kios Unggas Cempaka)
Authors: Maryana Tinih , Setyadi Bakti , Sartika Dewi
Published: October 2024

To ensure stock availability, PT. Primafood Internasional conducts stock taking every month, this study focuses on the analysis of inventory data discrepancies by identifying the main causes of deviations or differences in stock taking between written and physical quantities. Stock taking is a crucial process in inventory management that aims to ensure inventory records are in accordance with physical stock. However, discrepancies often occur which can cause financial losses and operational disruptions. This study aims to reduce stock taking discrepancies by using the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) method. The results of this study indicate that there are several factors that cause stock taking discrepancies, namely human factors, system factors and environmental factors. The factors are that there are differences in goods from distributors, goods that have gone out have not been inputted, errors in inputting the number of goods coming into the system, expired goods and damaged goods have not been recorded, and the input system often has errors.
Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja Dan Peran Ganda Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Wanita Pada PT. PLN Indonesia Power UBP Keramasan
Authors: Okta Anti Amelia , Septayuda Irwan
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of work discipline and dual roles on women’s performance at PT. PLN Indonesia Power UBP Keramasan. This study was conducted using quantitative methods obtained through interviews and research questionnaires. The sample in this study were 40. Female employees who were married. The results of this study indicate that the variables of work discipline and dual roles have a significant effect on the performance of female employees t count of 3.870 and a significance level of 0.003 for the work discipline variable. While the dual role variable t count is 3.070 and a significance level of 0.004. this means that there ia a significant influence between work discipline and dual roles on the performance of female employees.
Pengaruh Kompetensi, Etos Kerja dan Kedisiplinan Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Kantor Sekretariat DPRD Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Roni Mukran , Rifqi Muhamad Arry Naufal
Published: October 2024

This research was conducted to examine employee performance within the Secretariat of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) of South Sumatra Province, with the objective of assessing the influence of competency, work ethic, and discipline variables on employee performance. Employing a quantitative research method, the study targeted employees of the DPRD Secretariat, using purposive sampling to select 75 respondents. Both primary and secondary data were utilized, and data analysis included tests such as data quality assessment, classical assumption tests, statistical tests, and multiple linear regression analysis. The findings revealed that the competency variable (X1) significantly impacts employee performance, with a significance level of 0.001, less than 0.05, and a T-value greater than the T-table value (5.114 > 1.997). Similarly, the work ethic variable (X2) significantly affects performance, with a significance level of 0.001 and a T-value greater than the T-table value (6.045 > 1.997), while the discipline variable (X3) also has a significant effect, with a significance level of 0.015 and a T-value greater than the T-table value (2.490 > 1.997). Furthermore, the F-test results show that the F-calculated value (24.620) exceeds the F-table value (2.51), indicating that competency, work ethic, and discipline collectively have a positive and significant influence on employee performance in the Secretariat of DPRD South Sumatra Province
Pengaruh Komisaris Independen, Capital Intensity Dan Financial Distress Terhadap Konservatisme Akuntansi
Authors: Putri Lestari , Sari Intan Rahma
Published: October 2024

This research aims to test and prove the influence of independent commissioners, capital intensity and financial distress on accounting conservatism” (Empirical Study on LQ 45 index companies listed on the BEI for the 2018-2023 period).The type of research used is a quantitative method. The type of data used is secondary data in the form of financial reports of LQ 45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018-2023. Samples were collected using the purposive sampling method. The number of companies that met the research sample criteria was 15 companies out of 45 companies with a research period of 6 years of observation, so that a total of 90 research samples were obtained. Data processing using the Eviews 10 Statistical Program. Next, carrying out various tests including descriptive statistical tests, panel data model tests, model selection tests, classical assumption tests and hypothesis tests.
So the research results prove that independent commissioners, capital intensity and financial distress simultaneously influence accounting conservatism. Independent commissioners partially influence accounting conservatism. capital intensity influences accounting conservatism. Financial distress has no effect on accounting conservatism.
Pengaruh Transformasi Digital Terhadap Peningkatan Kinerja Karyawan pada UMKM Songket Kota Palembang
Authors: Imelda Imelda , Aliya Sabeli
Published: October 2024

This study aims to examine the impact of digital transformation on enhancing employee performance in songket SMEs in Palembang City. A quantitative research method was employed, with data gathered through the distribution of questionnaires using purposive sampling. The population comprised 100 individuals, including managers and employees of songket SMEs in Palembang City, from which 80 respondents were selected based on Slovin’s formula. Data analysis was conducted using SEM-PLS. The findings revealed that digital transformation has a statistical value of 2.442, exceeding the critical value of 1.96, indicating a positive and significant effect on the performance of songket SME employees in Palembang City. With the effective adoption of technology, employees can work more efficiently, overcome challenges more adeptly, and produce higher-quality outcomes. Therefore, for the songket SMEs in Palembang City, continuing and expanding the use of digital technology represents a crucial strategic move to boost performance and enhance competitiveness in the marketplace.
Keywords: Digital Transformation, Employee performances, SMEs
 
 
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh transformasi digital terhadap peningkatan kinerja karyawan UMKM songket di Kota Palembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui distribusi kuesioner, dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Jumlah populasi sebanyak 100 orang yang terdiri dari pengelola dan karyawan UMKM Songket kota Palembang, diambil 80 responden yang dihitung menggunakan rumus Slovin. Teknik analisis data menggunakan SEM-PLS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nilai statistik transformasi digital terhadap kinerja karyawan Songket Kota Palembang memiliki nilai statistik 2,442 > 1,96 sehingga dapat dinyatakan variabel transformasi digital berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan Songket Kota Palembang. Dengan adopsi teknologi yang tepat, karyawan UMKM songket dapat bekerja dengan lebih efisien, menghadapi tantangan dengan lebih baik, dan menghasilkan output yang lebih berkualitas. Oleh karena itu, bagi UMKM songket di Kota Palembang, melanjutkan dan memperluas penggunaan teknologi digital menjadi langkah strategis yang penting untuk meningkatkan kinerja dan daya saing di pasar
Pengaruh Kebijakan Hutang Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada Perusahaan Makanan Dan Minuman Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Br. Tarigan Almaura Andinna , Silaban Adanan , Siahaan Audrey Margareth
Published: October 2024

This study aims to examine the effect of debt and profitability policies on company value in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020-2022 period. The sampling technique uses the purposive sampling method. The total research sample is 81 companies with 3 years of research. This research is a quantitative research. The type of data carried out in this study is secondary data, which is in the form of financial statements and annual reports of food and beverage companies. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression using SPSS version 26 software. Data testing was carried out using descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, multiple regression analysis test, determination coefficient and t-test. Meanwhile, profitability has a significant effect on the company's value
Pengaruh Pengembangan Karir dan Fasilitas Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan pada PT. Sucofindo Palembang
Authors: Elvina Indria , Aliya Sabeli
Published: October 2024

This study aims to investigate the influence of career development and workplace facilities on employee job satisfaction at PT. Sucofindo Palembang. The research employs a population approach with a total sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 50 respondents. The study uses a quantitative method with an associative causal explanation. Data analysis includes data quality testing, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing. The results show a positive impact of career development and workplace facilities on employee job satisfaction at PT. Sucofindo Palembang, both individually and collectively.
 
Keywords: Career development, Workplace facilities, Employee job satisfaction
 
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengembangan karir dan fasilitas kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan di PT. Sucofindo Palembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan populasi dengan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada 50 responden. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan penjelasan asosiatif kausal. Analisis data yang dilakukan meliputi uji kualitas data, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linear berganda, uji koefisien determinasi, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh positif dari variabel pengembangan karir dan fasilitas kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan di PT. Sucofindo Palembang, baik secara parsial maupun simultan.
Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Pegawai Dilihat Dari Disiplin dan Motivasi Kerja (Studi Pada Kantor Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Solok)
Authors: Sriyanti Esi , Roza Seflidiana , Ariyani Desi
Published: October 2024

Well-performing personnel are a major source of motivation for social care agencies. Employee motivation and discipline are good indicators of this. Finding out how work motivation and discipline affected employees' performance at the Solok Regency Social Service Office was the aim of this study. This research falls under the category of quantitative research. The primary data that was used was gathered by having respondents fill out questionnaires. The study's population comprised all 39 employees who worked at the Solok Regency Social Service Office. Total sampling was the method employed for sampling in this investigation. 39 persons were the total number of samples that were to be used. Multiple linear regression analysis, determination coefficient testing, hypothesis testing, and research instrument testing were all used in the data analysis technique. The study's findings showed that work motivation affected employee performance, work discipline had no effect on employee performance, and work motivation and discipline had an impact on employee performance at the same time.
Pengaruh Budaya Kerja Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada PT.PLN Indonesia Power UBP Keramasan
Authors: Rosa Alkirma , Roni Mukran
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of work culture and work environment on employee performance, the object of research at PT. PLN Indonesia Power Generation Business Unit (UBP) Keramasan Palembang, the research sample is employees of PT. PLN Indonesia Power UBP Keramasan, with a total of 83 employees, the method used is a quantitative method using the SPSS Version 27 technique. The data used is primary data, hypothesis testing uses the t test (partial) and the f test (simultaneous). The analysis results show that work culture and work environment have a positive and significant effect on employee work.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan Terhadap Financial Distress Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi Di BEI
Authors: Juang Sari Enovani , Azis Azolla Degita , Prasetia Angga
Published: October 2024

Financial distress is a situation where a company experiences consecutive financial declines over several years which can lead to bankruptcy. Financial distress usually results from the failure of an entity to repay its debtors because it does not have sufficient funds to continue its operations. This research aims to determine the effect of leverage and company size on financial distress in manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sub-sector listed on the IDX for the 2019-2022 period. Where the leverage variable uses the Debt to equity ratio (DER) formula, the company size variable uses the LN Total Assets formula and the financial distress variable uses the Springate Scores (S-Scrores) formula. This type of research is quantitative with a sampling method based on purposive sampling, obtaining 33 companies which were used as research samples multiplied over 4 years for a total of 132 research data. By using secondary data obtained from the official IDX website during the research period. And processed using the SPSS version 26 program. The results of this research show that leverage has a negative effect on financial distress and company size has no effect on financial distress
Analisis Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Penerimaan Dan Pengeluaran Barang Pada PT. Dua Samudra Logistik Palembang
Authors: Rahmadani Novi , Noviardy Andrian , Sartika Dewi , Terzaghi M. Titan
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this research is to see and study the accounting information system, which is a process that is influenced by the admin, warehouse department, finance department, and other departments. This system is designed to provide sufficient assurance to achieve objectives related to receiving, issuing, and shipping goods. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach and uses primary and secondary data. Data collection is done through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that recording inventory using the permanent method is good enough for the accounting information system for receiving and issuing goods. PT Dua Samudra Logistik Palembang uses the FIFO method to value inventory. The earliest incoming goods with the longest DO date are the earliest shipped. This study focuses on the Accounting Information System for Receipt and Expenditure of Goods at PT. Dua Samudra Logistik Palembang.
Pengaruh Ketidakpastian Lingkungan dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Manajerial Dengan Kualitas Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Manajemen Sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Gulo Niperjaya , Astuty Widia , Hani Syafrida
Published: October 2024

This study aims to directly test and analyze the Influence of Environmental Uncertainty, Organizational Commitment and Quality of Management Accounting Information Systems on Managerial Performance and indirectly to test and analyze directly the influence of Environmental Uncertainty and Organizational Commitment on Managerial Performance with the Quality of Management Accounting Information Systems as an Intervening Variable in Star Hotels in Medan City. The research approach uses quantitative associative. The population of this study is all 3 to 5 star hotels in Medan City, totaling 48 hotels with a total sample of 240 respondents. This study uses the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis method using SmartPLS.3 software. Based on the results of direct hypothesis testing, there is an influence of environmental uncertainty, organizational commitment and management accounting information systems on managerial performance. Indirectly, there is an influence of environmental uncertainty and organizational commitment on managerial performance mediated by management accounting information systems
A tarifa social como instrumento de acessibilidade econômica aos serviços de água e esgotos
Authors:   , Tótola Lucas Alcantara
Published: October 2024

A presente dissertação pretende contribuir com a discussão em torno das complexidades na operacionalização da tarifa social e do acesso ainda limitado a este benefício no Brasil. Inicialmente, na forma de revisão bibliográfica, são discutidos aspectos relativos à acessibilidade econômica aos serviços de saneamento, sob a ótica dos direitos humanos e no contexto brasileiro, incluindo os recentes incentivos à privatização. Em seguida, em capítulo específico, é destacada a questão da tarifa social. A partir da sistematização de dados do SNIS e do CadÚnico, procurou-se traçar um panorama dessa política tarifária no país. Em termos gerais, revela-se que a tarifação social é amplamente praticada no país, na grande maioria dos municípios, porém com variações importantes, regionais e por tipo de prestador de serviço (local, regional, público ou privado), tanto em termos de incidência, quanto de preços. Por outro lado, independentemente da modalidade de prestação de serviço, a cobertura - atendimento, em termos percentuais, de economias ou famílias inscritas no CadÚnico – é ainda muito tímida. Um elemento complicador relaciona-se aos excessivos requisitos de elegibilidade ao benefício, ainda preponderante na maioria dos serviços. O trabalho é finalizado com uma avaliação da política de tarifa social em serviços de água e esgotos regulados pela Agência Reguladora Intermunicipal dos Serviços de Saneamento da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais e Adjacências - ARIS-ZM. Com em um espelho da realidade nacional, na maioria dos municípios, o alcance da tarifação social, em termos de atendimento de potenciais beneficiários, é muito baixo. Torna-se necessário investigar mais detalhadamente as causas de índices tão baixos de implementação da tarifa social. Os maiores desafios parecem estar nos municípios pequenos e/ou com maior parcela da população em situação de pobreza. Em que pesem os aspectos positivos dos critérios de tarifação social da ARIS-ZM, exercícios aqui desenvolvidos sugerem haver margem para melhorias com potencial de: ampliar subsídios internos na estrutura tarifária, reduzir o comprometimento da capacidade de pagamento de usuários em condição de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, sem comprometer o equilíbrio financeiro dos serviços, isto é ampliar a inclusão. Palavras-chave: Direitos humanos; Regulação; Saneamento; Tarifação
Adaptação transcultural da escala “attitudes toward obese persons scale” para a população brasileira e intervenção para redução do estigma da obesidade em estudantes de educação física
Authors:   , Oliveira Ana Beatriz Cardoso de
Published: October 2024

O estigma da obesidade constitui um desafio para a nossa sociedade e está relacionado a epidemia global da obesidade, cuja prevalência apresenta crescimento significativo. As graves implicações para a saúde do indivíduo e para o sistema de saúde demanda esforços para sua mitigação. Estes esforços envolvem a compreensão aprofundada destes fenômenos através de trabalhos, instrumentos que busquem auxiliar nas estratégias para redução do estigma até pesquisas e intervenções que reduzam os valores de estigma na população. Visando compreender melhor o estigma, caminhar com a pesquisa sobre está temática e testar a eficácia de intervenções, a presente dissertação contempla três objetivos principais e apresenta uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise sobre a eficácia de intervenções para redução do estigma da obesidade; a adaptação transcultural de um instrumento para avaliar as atitudes do respondente sobre as pessoas com obesidade; e uma estratégia de intervenção para reduzir valores de estigma em estudantes de graduação do curso de educação física. Através das investigações aqui apresentadas novas contribuições para o campo de pesquisa sobre o estigma da obesidade foram conquistadas. Palavras-chave: estigma da obesidade, obesidade, educação física.
Formação de professores que ensinam matemática nos anos iniciais: reflexões, expectativas e anseios docentes
Authors:   , Lage Jéssica Áurea
Published: October 2024

Esta pesquisa exploratória visa a analisar as perspectivas dos professores de matemática dos anos iniciais em escolas públicas da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte sobre a formação docente, com ênfase na formação continuada. Utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa, com alguns aspectos da quantitativa, a pesquisa aplicada coletou dados por meio de questionários e entrevistas, analisados segundo os princípios de Bardin (2016). Os participantes são professoras dos 3°, 4° e 5° anos do Ensino Fundamental. O estudo baseia-se nas perspectivas de Tardif (2014) sobre os saberes docentes e no ensino da matemática de Sadovsky (2007). A pesquisa destaca a formação continuada como um espaço para reflexão sobre a prática docente e compartilhamento de ideias entre professores. Além disso, ressalta a importância de considerar as necessidades formativas e valorizar os saberes dos professores, que expressaram a necessidade de formações voltadas à prática e à utilização de diferentes recursos para ensinar matemática. A pesquisa também abordou as perspectivas dos professores sobre o material didático, identificando a necessidade de explorar literatura, sequências didáticas, atividades que desenvolvam o raciocínio lógico, material concreto e diferentes tendências da matemática. As professoras demonstraram valorizar as formações que promovem a troca entre os pares e a reflexão docente. Além disso, expressaram a demanda por atividades contextualizadas e adequadas à maturidade e realidade social dos estudantes. Assim, este trabalho teve como produto a elaboração de um caderno didático que buscou atender às necessidades apontadas na pesquisa. Palavras-chave: Educação Matemática. Necessidades formativas. Material didático. Formação continuada. Saberes docentes.
ҮШБҰРЫШТЫҢ ТАМАША КЕСІНДІЛЕРІ ЖАЙЛЫ КҮРДЕЛІ ЕСЕПТЕР ЖӘНЕ ОЛАРДЫ ШЕШУ ТӘСІЛДЕРІ
Authors: Жанболат Қайынбаев  , Жандос Бекіш
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Half of all geometry problems are related to triangles, and half of all triangle problems contain problems on the altitude, bisector and median of a triangle. The fact that there are so many problems and exercises with triangles means that knowledge of all properties and methods of solving these problems is very important for future teachers, and therefore more attention should be paid to this issue. This article discusses methods of solving problems involving altitude, bisector, median and their combination.
Plant-based scaffolds and osteogenesis: a systematic review
Authors: Gul Hashmat , Kunza Naveed Asdaq  , Muhammad Kaleem  , Malik Muhammad Hashim
Published: October 2024

Objective: To enhance the understanding and usefulness of decellularised plant tissues as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, and to review the recent advances in plant-based scaffolds for bone regeneration.
Method: The systematic review was conducted from February to June 2022, and comprised literature search on PubMed and Science Direct databases for articles published in the English language between 2013 and June, 2022. The search was conducted using key words ‘plant-based scaffolds and osteogenesis’ and ‘decellularised plant and scaffolds and bone tissue engineering’ and ‘plant root-based scaffold and bone formation’. Full-text articles and short communication covering both in vitro and in vivo studies focussing on plant-based scaffolds for osteogenesis were included. Additional references that satisfied the inclusion criteria were found on Google Scholar and included in the review. Quality evaluation of the studies included was done independently by two researchers, and the risk of bias was calculated and categorised as low, medium and high risk.
Results: Of the 564 articles, 10(1.77 %) were included; 6(60%) purely in vitro studies, and 4(40%) studies having both in vitro and in vivo components. Decellularized plant tissue alone was used as three-dimensional scaffold materials in 5(50%) studies, but in 4(40%) studies, plant-based composite scaffolds were used. The risk of bias was medium in 7(70%) studies.
Conclusions: Plant-based scaffolds promote osteogenesis, but more in vivo research on plant-based studies is needed to label it as suitable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Key Words: Plant-based scaffolds, Osteogenesis, Decellularised Plant, bone tissue engineering, Plant root-based scaffold, Bone formation.
Radiographic association of chronological age based on the root pulp and periodontal ligament visibility in lower second molar teeth in a subset of the Pakistani population
Authors: Mahwish Sami  , Sarwat Memon  , Fizza Saher  , Qudsia Hassan
Published: October 2024

Objective: To find radiographic association of the root pulp visibility and periodontal ligament visibility stages of lower second molar teeth with chronological age.
Method: The prospective, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted after approval from the ethics review committee of Ziauddin University, Karachi, and comprised digital orthopantomograms from 2020 to 2022. The orthopantomograms related to lower second molar teeth from the left side of the mandible of individuals of either gender aged 18-40 years. The orthopantomograms were subjected to stage classification to assess the radiographic root pulp visibility and periodontal ligament visibility of the lower second molar teeth. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
Results: Of the 260 orthopantomograms, 140(53.8%) belonged to female subjects and 120(46.2%) to male. The overall median age of the subjects was 24 years (interquartile range: 7 years). There were 164(63.1%) subjects aged 18-25 years, 70(26.9%) aged 26-33 years, and 26(10%) aged 34-40 years. A positive correlation was noted between age and stages of radiographic root pulp visibility and periodontal ligament visibility (P<0.05). The individuals found at stages 0 and 1 for root pulp visibility were aged at least 18 years, and for stage 2, the corresponding value was 21 years. For periodontal ligament visibility, the minimum age for stage 0 was 18 years, while for stages 1 and 2, the corresponding values were 21 and 25 years.
Conclusion: Lower age was found to be associated more with stage 0 of root pulp visibility and periodontal ligament visibility.
Key Words: Panoramic radiography, Periodontal ligament, orthopantomography, Dental pulp.
Low availability of haematin (hemin) in Pakistan
Authors: Ahsan Fatima , Mohamed Imtiyas Muhammed Ifham , Rizvie Abdul Raheem
Published: October 2024

Madam, Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant disorder that results from a defect in the enzyme named porphobilinogen deaminase.1 It is symptomatic porphyria, involving the accumulation of porphyrins and porphyrin precursors due to impaired conversion in haeme synthesis. Acute Intermittent Porphyria is clinically characterized by acute episodes of multiple gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms; during which the patient remains healthy between episodes.2 Acute Intermittent Porphyria episodes are commonly observed in post pubertal females. The most common symptoms include periodic abdominal pain, vomiting and hypertension followed by neurologic damage that leads to peripheral and autonomic neuropathies (mostly motor) and psychiatric manifestations.2 Hormonal cycle regulation may worsen porphyria, since its symptoms coincide with the menstrual cycle. Although positive response has been noted in hormonal suppression by gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists.3
Currently, the most widely used treatment is hemin, a form of haeme that can be given intravenously. Its administration reduces the haeme deficit, hence limits the production of porphyrins precursors by the body. Availability of hemin in Pakistan is not promising while alternatives such as intravenous infusion of glucose, and pain relievers like Nalbuphine, a man-made opioid analgesic, and Morphine are short-term treatments. Haeme Arginate (HA), a compound of haeme and arginine, is equivalent to hematin in the treatment of AIP. Long-term weekly intravenous infusions of prophylactic HA prevent severity and frequency of porphyric attacks in patients with AIP.4 While haeme therapy is recommended if a patient exhibits neurological impairment, liver transplant appears to be the last resort in patients with recurrent clinical manifestations.
To effectively mediate the growing need of Hemin in Pakistan, a systematic plan with effective and immediate steps must be introduced. The regulatory authorities must expedite the approval and licensing process of appropriate medication that would meet the growing need of the country, while not compromising on its quality. The possibility of local production should be explored, while strengthening international ties aimed at importing affordable medication. The government should focus on initiating partnerships with international organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and global health initiatives. Nationwide workshops and informative campaigns towards healthcare work should be a priority, to raise awareness of the situation and the proper steps that should be taken to minimize its adverse effects.
Empowering patient advocacy groups would be beneficial in recognizing any shortcomings of the plan and to divert resources accordingly.
Stigma, caregiver burden, and expressed emotions: the moderating role of self-compassion in caregivers of substance use disorder
Authors: Sageer Iqra , Asmat Alia , Sarfaraz Ayesha , Shahid Anam
Published: October 2024

Objective: To investigate the moderating effect of self-compassion on the relationship involving stigma, caregiver burden and expressed emotions among caregivers of males diagnosed with substance use disorder.
Method: The correlational, quantitative study was conducted from June 1 to September 30, 2021, at the Department of Psychology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised caregivers aged 40-55 years living with individuals with substance use disorder and actively performing caregiving duties for at least six months. Data was collected using validated tools. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Out of the 300 subjects, 54(18%) were males and 246(82%) were females, with overall mean age 45+/-7.73 years. The caregiving duration ranged from 6 months to 20 years. Self-compassion significantly moderated stigma, caregiver burden and expressed emotions (p=0.001). The interaction effects of self-compassion with stigma, affect, behaviour, cognition and caregiver burden collectively explained 88% of the variance in expressed emotion. Self-compassion accounted for a significant change in expressed emotion (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Internalised stigma and caregiver burden predicted expressed emotions in caregivers of males with substance use disorder.
Key Words: Substance use disorder, Caregiver burden, Self-compassion, expressed emotion.
Aborted sudden cardiac death in a young male with rheumatoid arthritis; case report
Authors: Kim Narae , Cho Sang-Ho , Yang In-Ho
Published: October 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) causes coronary artery atherosclerosis with a similar risk as diabetes or hypertension. However, coronary artery disease (CAD) is rare in young patients, especially in those presenting as chronic total occlusion (CTO).
We report a rare case of aborted sudden cardiac death in a 26-year-old patient with a six-year history of RA. He had no cardiovascular risk factors apart from RA. He was diagnosed with severe ischaemic heart failure (HF) due to recent myocardial ischaemia with CTO, using multimodal evaluation.
RA is associated with vulnerable plaque formation and prothrombotic tendencies. Anti-rheumatic drugs are thought to prevent the progression of CAD and reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with RA. However, this patient had severe HF with CTO, despite being on RA medication. This case suggests that RA may be a major risk factor for CAD, including CTO, in young individuals.
Keywords: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Coronary Artery Disease, Sudden Cardiac Death, Myocardial Infarction.
Rapidly enlarging primary cutaneous anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma of the eyelid-A case report
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Ahmed Nisar , Fatima Tooba , Khan Nimra Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Non-Hodgkin CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disease encompasses three subgroups, one of which is primary cutaneous anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (PC-ALCL). It is distinguished by the presence of giant anaplastic cells with pleomorphism and widespread CD30 positivity. The case of a 58-year-old female is presented who reported to the Eye Department of Jinnah Post-Graduate Medical Centre (JPMC) on 18th January, 2023 with a three-month history of rapidly enlarging, non-tender, ulcerated lesion on the lower eyelid of the right eye. The histopathology report identified the lesion as CD30+ primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Computed tomography (CT) scanning of the orbit revealed no extension, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed no systemic involvement. The patient underwent surgical excision without adjuvant chemo-radiation and has remained in clinical remission for five months.
Keywords: Eyelid Neoplasm, Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, Eye Cancer, Eyelid Disease.
Determinants of workplace incivility and violence faced by female doctors in medical institutions
Authors: Nasir Mehreen , Iram Manzoor  , Aleem Ullah Qureshi  , Ghulam Rasool  , Ayesha Anwar
Published: October 2024

Objective: To assess the frequency of workplace gender-based violence and incivility faced by female doctors.
Method: The analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted from June 10 to August 31, 2023, in Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised female doctors working in 1 public and 1 private medical institution in Lahore. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Workplace incivility and various demographic factors were compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the 200 subjects, 138(69%) were from the private sector and 62(31%) were from the public sector. The majority was aged <30 years 95(47.5%). Some form of workplace violence was faced by 86(43%) doctors; psychological violence by 58(29%), verbal 56(28%), digital harassment 11(5.5%) and physical violence 2(1%). Supervisor incivility was faced by 94(47%) respondents, while 87(43.5%) faced co-worker incivility over the preceding year. Supervisor incivility was significantly higher in private institutions and those having income less than Rs100,000 per month (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Workplace gender-based violence and incivility faced by working female doctors was found to be high. The most common forms faced were psychological and verbal violence. Supervisor incivility faced by female doctors at workplace was significantly higher in private institutions and those having monthly income less than Rs100,000.
Key Words: Workplace incivility, Gender-based violence, Medical Institutions.
Experiences of teenage pregnancy and its consequences on adolescent girls in rural Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Agha Nadia , Rind Rahim Dad
Published: October 2024

Objective: To explore the challenges of teenage pregnancy experienced by adolescent girls, and its impact on their social and psychological wellbeing.
Method: The qualitative study was conducted from August 5 to September 17, 2023, in different villages in northern Sindh after approval from the institutional ethical review board of Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with the subjects who had experienced teenage pregnancy in the preceding 2 years. Data was transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.
Conclusion: Community-based interventions are needed to promote female education that may put an end to adolescent motherhood.
Key Words: Teenage pregnancy, Adolescent girls, Socioeconomic status, Education.
Caring in crisis: addressing patient safety, burnout, and long hours in healthcare
Authors: Shaheen Fabeeha , Shaheen Qareena
Published: October 2024

Madam,
The World Health Organization defines patient safety as preventing errors and adverse effects to patients associated with health care and “to do no harm to patients”. Specifically, in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), about 134 million adverse events occur each year due to unsafe care in hospitals, resulting in 2.6 million deaths annually. [1] Along with other determining factors, professional well-being, long hours, and burnout syndromes also influence patient care. [2] Burnout is a condition directly linked to workplace environment, stemming from occupational stress and extended working hours. Garcia, C.L. et al., through meta-analysis, found a relationship between the development of burnout and patient safety actions, with a probability of superiority of 66.4%. High levels of burnout and worsening patient safety are related to external factors such as high workload, long working hours, lack of a secure environment, and interpersonal relationships. [3]
These findings raise concerns, particularly in a country like Pakistan, where the extent of understaffing and high workload can be inferred from the following statistics: The doctor-to-population ratio in Pakistan was 1:1000 in 2018 [4]. In contrast, the doctor-to-population ratio in Malaysia was 2.2:1000 in 2018 [5]. As a result of this shortage, the current workforce in Pakistan is negatively affected. In a study by Kasi PM et al. on postgraduate trainees in Pakistan, individuals under stress were more likely to report longer working hours. This increased workload made them prone to medical errors, which ultimately undermines the patient safety culture. A study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) compared the benchmarks from hospitals in the USA and discovered that high staff workload is a significant concern among staff [6]
In Pakistan, where healthcare resources are limited, fostering a culture of effective work-hour management and breaks is essential for creating a healthier and safer environment for health professionals and patients. Ensuring adequate staffing levels to distribute the workload and prevent overburdening is essential. Providing designated areas for relaxation, offering mental health resources and mindfulness programmes like yoga or meditation can help doctors to cope with stress. Furthermore, promoting a culture of multidisciplinary teamwork, a mentorship program, and effective handover protocols during shift changes can ensure continuity of care. Medical institutes should invest in technology that can streamline administrative tasks and reduce paperwork burden.
---Continue
Comparison of cycloplegic refraction in children with different iris colour categories. A cross- sectional survey
Authors: Aisha Arooj  , Qazi Muhammad Omair  , Shazia Bano
Published: October 2024

Objective: To compare the cycloplegic refraction in children with different iris colour categories and age groups.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to June 2023 at the Eye Clinic of Sehat Medical Complex, Hanjarwal, Lahore, and Khizar Eye Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised hyperopic children aged 5-12 years of either gender. Data regarding age, gender, iris colour, auto-refraction and retinoscopy before and after cycloplegic refraction was collected using a structured proforma. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the 139 subjects, 73(52.5%) were males and 60(47.5%) were females. There were 79(56.8%) subjects aged 5-8 years and 60(43.2%) aged 9-12 years. The iris colour distribution was 23(16.5%) light, 80(57.6%) medium and 36(25.9%) dark, with a mean visual acuity of 0.7±0.6. There was a significant difference in non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic refraction for different iris colours and age groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Children with light iris colour accommodated more and needed a low concentration of cyclopentolate compared to those with medium and dark iris colours. More accommodation was noted among children aged 9-12 years.
Key Words: Cycloplegic refraction, Cyclopentolate, Hyperopia, Iris, Ocular refraction, Retinoscopy.
Beyond Dialysis: Reshaping CKD Paradigms in Developing Nations
Authors: Ijaz Muhammad Tayyab , Ijaz Namra
Published: October 2024

Dear Sir / Madam,
Respected Editor, I am writing to bring attention to the critical need for increased research on conservative kidney management (CKM) in the context of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). The recent advancements in developed nations have demonstrated that CKM is a novel and effective approach to caring for CKD patients, particularly those who choose not to pursue maintenance dialysis.
Historically, medical care for individuals with CKD has adhered to a paternalistic model, where clinicians make treatment decisions independent of patient preferences. JS Scherer et al observed that a provider's assessment of a patient's frailty and response exerted a more substantial influence on the treatment provided than the patient’s comorbidities, functional status, and stated preferences. 2 Furthermore, another study showed that some individuals exhibited a preference for conservative care after shared-decision making, irrespective of the potential survival benefits offered by dialysis if it entailed frequent hospital visits or travel restrictions. 3 This underscores the significance of patient autonomy, where the pursuit of freedom can sometimes outweigh the emphasis on clinical outcomes. However, contemporary CKD management in the 21st century emphasizes shared decision-making and patient empowerment.
While research suggests CKM can improve quality of life, reduce hospitalizations, and minimize invasive procedures, offering a valuable alternative to dialysis, its impact on survival becomes less clear for patients over 80 or those with multiple comorbidities.4 Additionally, the inclusion of patients and their families in collaborative decision-making processes has proven advantageous, supported by specialized decision aids that promote well-informed discussions regarding CKM with healthcare providers.5
Nephrologists face significant challenges in implementing effective conservative kidney management (CKM) due to a lack of clinical guidelines, training, evidence, and system-level infrastructure. This has resulted in limited awareness and discussion of CKM among patients and healthcare providers, hindering its adoption. With the global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increasing significantly over the past three decades, particularly affecting low- and middle-income countries, there is a pressing need for innovative, cost-effective solutions. CKM emerges as a viable alternative where dialysis is often inaccessible or unaffordable, with the potential to significantly impact CKD management, especially in resource-limited settings such as Pakistan.
I urge the scientific community and policymakers to recognize the importance of supporting and conducting research on conservative kidney management.
---Continue