bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Focus on evidence‐based anatomy in contemporary anatomy education: Arguments in favor of a pragmatic approach
Authors: Ghosh Sanjib Kumar
Published: August 2023

The concept of evidence‐based anatomy (EBA) emerged in 2014 and has become a significant element in contemporary anatomy education. The evolving fabric of the medical education curriculum has necessitated critical changes in practice. EBA enables these changes to be incorporated seamlessly and implemented congruently into anatomy education programs. However, in parallel, non‐evidence‐based (classical) knowledge that has been built up through centuries of anatomical practice continues to be the core element of anatomy education in some countries/regions. Its inherent limitations hinder integration with clinical practice, leading to a rise in misadventures in the clinical setting. This viewpoint commentary highlights the strengths of EBA vis‐à‐vis the related attributes of classical anatomy. Appropriate arguments show that EBA helps to reduce cognitive load and enables knowledge to be delivered through innovative education tools. EBA also helps to create an inclusive learning environment in a technology‐driven era. Moreover, empowered by robust resources, it is driving the pertinent amalgamation of anatomy knowledge with clinical practice. This viewpoint article endorses the adoption of EBA in contemporary anatomy education on the basis of its potential for shaping future anatomical practice.
Factors influencing treatment decision‐making for cancer patients in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A scoping review
Authors: Salek Marta , Silverstein Allison , Tilly Alyssa , Gassant Pascale Yola , Gunasekera Sanjeeva , Hordofa Diriba Fufa , Hesson Donna , Duffy Caitlyn , Malik Nauman , McNeil Michael , Force Lisa M. , Bhakta Nickhill , Rodin Danielle , Kaye Erica C.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

In this scoping review, we evaluated existing literature related to factors influencing treatment decision‐making for patients diagnosed with cancer in low‐ and middle‐income countries, noting factors that influence decisions to pursue treatment with curative versus non‐curative intent. We identified an existing framework for adult cancer developed in a high‐income country (HIC) context and described similar and novel factors relevant to low‐and middle‐income country settings.

Methods

We used scoping review methodology to identify and synthesize existing literature on factors influencing decision‐making for pediatric and adult cancer in these settings. Articles were identified through an advanced Boolean search across six databases, inclusive of all article types from inception through July 2022.

Results

Seventy‐nine articles were identified from 22 countries across six regions, primarily reporting the experiences of lower‐middle and upper‐middle‐income countries. Included articles largely represented original research (54%), adult cancer populations (61%), and studied patients as the targeted population (51%). More than a quarter of articles focused exclusively on breast cancer (28%). Approximately 30% described factors that influenced decisions to choose between therapies with curative versus non‐curative intent. Of 56 reported factors, 22 novel factors were identified. Socioeconomic status, reimbursement policies/cost of treatment, and treatment and supportive care were the most commonly described factors.

Conclusions

This scoping review expanded upon previously described factors that influence cancer treatment decision‐making in HICs, broadening knowledge to include perspectives of low‐ and middle‐income countries. While global commonalities exist, certain variables influence treatment choices differently or uniquely in different settings. Treatment regimens should further be tailored to local environments with consideration of contextual factors and accessible resources that often impact decision‐making.
Fulvestrant with or without anti‐HER2 therapy in patients in a postmenopausal hormonal state and with ER‐positive HER2‐positive advanced or metastatic breast cancer: A subgroup analysis of data from the Safari study (JBCRG‐C06)
Authors: Masuyama Misato , Masuda Norikazu , Kawaguchi Hidetoshi , Yamamoto Yutaka , Saji Shigehira , Nakayama Takahiro , Aogi Kenjiro , Anan Keisei , Ohtani Shoichiro , Sato Nobuaki , Takano Toshimi , Tokunaga Eriko , Nakamura Seigo , Hasegawa Yoshie , Hattori Masaya , Fujisawa Tomomi , Morita Satoshi , Yamaguchi Miki , Yamashita Toshinari , Yotsumoto Daisuke , Toi Masakazu , Ohno Shinji
Published: August 2023

Background

The role of endocrine therapy in the treatment of patients in a postmenopausal hormonal state and with estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive advanced or metastatic breast cancer (AMBC) is unclear.

Methods

We analyzed the data from 94 patients with ER‐positive HER2‐positive AMBC enrolled in the Safari study (UMIN000015168), a retrospective cohort study of 1072 ER‐positive AMBC patients in a postmenopausal hormonal state who received fulvestrant 500 mg (F500): (1) to compare time to treatment failure (TTF) and overall survival (OS) by treatment group, and TTF by treatment line; (2) in patients who received endocrine therapy (including F500) or anti‐HER2 therapy as initial systemic therapy before chemotherapy, to investigate relations between TTF for the first‐line therapy or time to chemotherapy (TTC) and OS; (3) to investigate factors associated with OS.

Results

The TTF was longer in the patients treated with F500 as first‐ or second‐line therapy (n = 20) than in those who received later‐line F500 therapy (n = 74) (6.6 vs. 3.7 months; HR, 1.98; p = 0.014). In the 59 patients who received endocrine therapy or anti‐HER2 therapy as initial systemic therapy before chemotherapy, those with TTC ≥3 years had longer median OS than those with TTC <3 years (10.5 vs. 5.9 years; HR, 0.32; p = 0.001). Longer TTC was associated with prolonged OS.

Conclusions

In patients with ER‐positive HER2‐positive AMBC enrolled in the Safari study, TTF was longer in patients who received F500 as first‐ or second‐line therapy. In patients who received chemotherapy‐free initial systemic therapy, the prolonged OS in those with TTC ≥3 years suggests that this value may be a helpful cut‐off for indicating clinical outcomes.
Comparing online group therapy based on emotional schema therapy with transdiagnostic therapy in improving distress tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation among university students with adjustment disorders due to romantic break‐ups
Authors: Ariana Kia Elmira , Rahimi Changiz , Mohammadi Nurallah
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of online group therapy based on emotional schema therapy with that of transdiagnostic therapy in improving distress tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation among university students with adjustment disorders due to romantic break‐ups. The statistical population included all students who experienced a romantic break‐up in Iran in 2020, aged 18–38 years. Due to COVID‐19 pandemic restrictions, participants were selected online. After filling in initial forms, diagnostic interviews were conducted through purposive sampling. A group was then randomly selected and divided into three groups: the first experimental group (transdiagnostic group therapy) included 15 participants; the second experimental group (emotional schema therapy) consisted of 15 participants; and the third group was the control group with 15 participants. The experimental groups received ten 90‐min group therapy sessions. Participants completed the Distress Tolerance Questionnaire and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire at pretest, post‐test and 1‐month follow‐up stages. According to the results of repeated measures ANOVA, there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05) in the post‐test scores of distress tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. However, there were no significant differences between the two experimental groups. The results indicated that both internet‐based transdiagnostic group therapy and emotional schema therapy were effective interventions in mitigating symptoms of adjustment disorders due to romantic break‐ups among university students. This highlights the potential of online group therapy as a viable option for students experiencing such disorders, particularly during pandemic‐related restrictions.
Garcinolic Acid Distinguishes Between GACKIX Domains and Modulates Interaction Networks
Authors: Breen Meghan E. , Joy Stephen T. , Baruti Omari J. , Beyersdorf Matthew S. , Henley Madeleine J. , De Salle Samantha N. , Ycas Peter D. , Croskey Ayza , Cierpicki Tomasz , Pomerantz William C. K. , Mapp Anna K.
Published: August 2023

Natural products are often uniquely suited to modulate protein‐protein interactions (PPIs) due to their architectural and functional group complexity relative to synthetic molecules. Here we demonstrate that the natural product garcinolic acid allosterically blocks the CBP/p300 KIX PPI network and displays excellent selectivity over related GACKIX motifs. It does so via a strong interaction (KD 1 μM) with a non‐canonical binding site containing a structurally dynamic loop in CBP/p300 KIX. Garcinolic acid engages full‐length CBP in the context of the proteome and in doing so effectively inhibits KIX‐dependent transcription in a leukemia model. As the most potent small‐molecule KIX inhibitor yet reported, garcinolic acid represents an important step forward in the therapeutic targeting of CBP/p300.
Stent expansion in calcified coronary chronic total occlusions: The impact of different stent platforms
Authors: Scarparo Paola , Schermers Thom , Improta Riccardo , Kardys Isabella , Wilschut Jeroen , Daemen Joost , Nuis Rutger‐Jan , Den Dekker Wijnand K. , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Diletti Roberto
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the stent expansion of the durable‐polymer Zotarolimus‐eluting stent (dp‐ZES), the durable‐polymer Everolimus‐eluting stent (dp‐EES), and the bioabsorbable‐polymer Sirolimus‐eluting stent (bp‐SES) in calcified coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO).

Background

The newer generation stents with ultrathin struts might raise concerns regarding reduced radial strength and higher stent recoil (SR) when implanted in calcified CTOs.

Methods

Between January 2017 and June 2021 consecutive patients with CTO undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with dp‐ZES, dp‐EES, or bp‐SES were evaluated. The analysis was performed in calcific and in noncalcific CTOs. Quantitative coronary angiography analysis was used to assess diameter stenosis (DS), absolute and relative SR, absolute and relative focal SR, absolute and relative balloon deficit (BD), and absolute and relative focal BD. The primary endpoint was DS.

Results

A total of 213 CTOs were evaluated, 115 calcific CTOs (dp‐ZES:25, dp‐EES:29, bp‐SES:61) and 98 non‐calcific CTOs (dp‐ZES:41, dp‐EES:11, bp‐SES:46). In calcific CTOs, residual DS was lower in dp‐ZES than in dp‐EES and bp‐SES (−1.00% [−6.50–6.50] vs. 13.00% [7.0–19.00] vs. 15.00% [5.00–20.00]; p < 0.001). Dp‐ZES was also an independent predictor of residual DS ≤ 10% (OR 11.34, 95% CI 2.6–49.43, p = 0.001). Absolute and relative focal SR and absolute and relative SR were similar between dp‐ZES, dp‐EES, and bp‐SES (p = 0.913, p = 0.890, p = 0.518, p = 0.426, respectively). In noncalcified CTOs, the residual DS was similar in the three groups (p = 0.340). High relative focal SR was less frequent in dp‐ZES than in dp‐EES and in bp‐SES (19.5% vs. 54.5% vs. 37.0%; p < 0.048).

Conclusions

The three stent platforms demonstrated an overall low residual DS when implanted in CTOs. However, dp‐ZES was associated with the lowest residual DS and identified as independent predictor of residual DS ≤ 10% in patients with calcific CTOs. Dp‐ZES was associated with a lower incidence of high relative focal stent recoil, in noncalcific CTOs. Balloon deficit might be considerate as a surrogate for stent expansion in calcified CTOs.
Tunable Fluorescence and Morphology of Aggregates Built from a Mechanically Bonded Amphiphilic Bistable [2]Rotaxane
Authors: Shi Jun‐Tao , Chen Xian‐Hui , Peng Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Gui‐Ping , Du Guang‐Yan , Li Quan
Published: August 2023

Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co‐constructed Mechanically bonded amphiphiles (MBAs), also known as mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), have emerged as an important kind of functional building block for the construction of artificial molecular machines and soft materials. Herein, a novel MBA, i. e., bistable [2]rotaxane H2 was designed and synthesized. In the solution state, H2 demonstrated pH and metal ion‐responsive emissions due to the presence of a distance‐dependent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process, respectively. Importantly, the amphiphilic feature of H2 has endowed it with unique self‐assembly capability, and nanospheres were obtained in a mixed H2O/CH3CN solvent. Moreover, the morphology of H2 aggregates can be tuned from nanospheres to vesicles due to the pH‐controlled shuttling motion‐induced alternation of H2 amphiphilicity. Interestingly, larger spheres with novel pearl‐chain‐like structures from H2 were observed after adding stoichiometric Zn2+. In particular, H2 shows pH‐responsive emissions in its aggregation state, allowing the visualization of the shuttling movement by just naked eyes. It is assumed that the well‐designed [2]rotaxane, and particularly the proposed concept of MBA shown here, will further enrich the families of MIMs, offering prospects for synthesizing more MIMs with novel assembly capabilities and bottom‐up building dynamic smart materials with unprecedented functions.
Advanced NMR Cryoporometry
Authors: Enninful Henry R. N. B. , Enke Dirk , Valiullin Rustem
Published: August 2023

Accurate structural characterization of mesoporous solids is of importance for potential applications and for better understanding of properties of natural porous materials. Among different characterization techniques, thermoporometry has several beneficial features, such as applicability to wetted and soft materials. In this review, we discuss recent advancements concerning nuclear magnetic resonance cryoporometry allowing for a notable improvement of the accuracy of this method.
Design and simulation study on the heating performance of mesh heating elements
Authors: Xiao Weiqiang , Li Te , Wang Huawen , Wang Jun , Xia Qian , Teng Ruyu , Han Yufeng , Zhan Wangcheng , Zhou Guojun
Published: August 2023

To achieve uniform heating of heat‐not‐burn cigarettes, the ANSYS Workbench was used to verify the calculation rule of the resistance value of the mesh heating element. To provide a theoretical basis for improving the design of mesh heating elements, the effect of rounded corners on the resistance value and that of key parameters such as the number of mesh heat emitters in series and parallel, mesh density, and heating power on the heating uniformity were investigated. The deviation of all calculation results is less than 2.4%, indicating that the total resistance value of the mesh heating element conforms to the calculation rule of the series and parallel connections of single‐module resistors. The heating power increases by 3.2%, which has a relatively small impact on the overall heating element when a rounded corner with a radius equal to the line width is added to the corner of the heating element. The area of the heating body increases when increasing the number of series connections and reducing the number of parallel connections, which is conducive to uniform heating. While maintaining the ratio of the number of series connections to the number of parallel connections constant, reducing the module size will not change the area of the mesh heating element, but it will improve the temperature uniformity. Under different power conditions, the heating uniformity of the same heating element does not change.
A modelling approach to investigate the performance of slurry bubble column reactors implementingFischer–Tropschsynthesis
Authors: Mokhtari Mojtaba , Chaouki Jamal
Published: August 2023

A reliable estimation of the reactor performance is a crucial aspect of slurry bubble column reactor design. Hydrodynamics, mass transfer, and reaction rate are the main parameters influencing the overall performance. A new hydrodynamic model was adopted in this study to properly predict the effect of solids loading, particle size, pressure, and temperature on the gas holdup, bubble size distribution, and mass transfer coefficient. The reactor was divided into small cells with individual hydrodynamic parameters. The results were compared with the experimental data and showed that the model can acceptably predict the hydrodynamic and mass transfer parameters in various process situations. A parametric study was accomplished to understand the effect of catalyst loading, superficial gas velocity, H2/CO ratio,L/Dratio, pressure, temperature, and catalyst attrition on the conversion rate, catalyst productivity, and space–time yield. A cobalt/silica catalyst was adopted in this study. Based on the obtained results, the syngas conversion increases by catalyst loading,L/D, and temperature, while it decreases byUgand pressure. The H2/CO ratio results in a maximum conversion somewhere between 2 and 2.5. Three different scenarios were determined to study the effect of catalyst attrition on the reactor performance. The results show that the attrition decreases the syngas conversion due to the decrease in the catalyst size and the catalyst loss. Also, the performance remains constant if a sufficient amount of fresh catalyst is added to the system continuously.
The infrastructure of electrophysiology centers impacts the management of cardiac tamponade—Results from a national survey
Authors: Rottner Laura , Reubold Stefan , Schönhofer Sophie , Reißmann Bruno , Ouyang Feifan , Obergassel Julius , My Ilaria , Moser Fabian , Wenzel Jan‐Per , Lemoine Marc , Steven Daniel , Sommer Philipp , Kirchhof Paulus , Rillig Andreas , Metzner Andreas
Published: August 2023

Background

Although electrophysiological (EP) centers have institutional standards, evidence on management of cardiac tamponade is lacking.

Aim and Methods

A physician‐based survey was conducted by sending out questionnaires to all hospitals in Germany performing EP procedures. To evaluate the infrastructure of EP centers and the impact of center volume and onsite cardiac surgery on the management of cardiac tamponade, the results of the survey were analyzed for low‐volume (0–250 procedures per year), mid‐volume (250–500 procedures), and high‐volume (>500 procedures) centers, as well as for centers with and without onsite cardiac surgery.

Results

A total of 341 centers were identified and 189/341 (55%) returned data sets were analyzed. Most types of EP procedures are performed across all kinds of centers. Ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) is concentrated in higher volume centers and in centers with onsite cardiac surgery. None of the participating low‐volume centers and only 13% of centers without onsite cardiac surgery responded to performing epicardial VT ablation. Irrespective of center volume and onsite cardiac surgery, neither body mass index nor age was reported to be an exclusion criterion for ablation procedures. Higher volume centers and centers with onsite cardiac surgery more often have dedicated EP laboratories and EP‐nursing teams. Also, differences regarding periprocedural safety precautions and management of cardiac tamponade were found for low‐, mid‐, and high‐volume centers, as well as for centers with and without onsite cardiac surgery.

Conclusion

While center volume and onsite cardiac surgery do not impact patient selection, there are differences in ablation spectrum, infrastructure, periprocedural safety precautions, and treatment of tamponade.
Construction of Crystalline Porous Frameworks (COF/MOF) with Multi‐components or by Multi‐reactions
Authors: Teong Siew Ping , Zhang Yugen
Published: August 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline porous materials with ordered framework structures. To create diverse framework structures, linkers with different geometries and sizes have been developed over the past decades. However, for more advanced applications, there is a need for continuous pore size control and property development. Researchers are exploring new synthesis methods, building blocks, and processing/fabrication protocols to meet these demands. Multi‐component or multiple ligands synthesis has been widely used in the construction of MOF structures, and this synthetic strategy has recently been adopted for COF synthesis and extended to versatile linker designing strategies. This review focuses on the recent development of the multi‐component or multi‐reaction strategy for COF synthesis, its application in new MOF synthetic strategies, and ligand development.
Learning multi‐organ and tumor segmentation from partially labeled datasets by a conditional dynamic attention network
Authors: Li Lei , Lian Sheng , Lin Dazhen , Luo Zhiming , Wang Beizhan , Li Shaozi
Published: August 2023

Multi‐organ segmentation is a critical prerequisite for many clinical applications. Deep learning‐based approaches have recently achieved promising results on this task. However, they heavily rely on massive data with multi‐organ annotated, which is labor‐ and expert‐intensive and thus difficult to obtain. In contrast, single‐organ datasets are easier to acquire, and many well‐annotated ones are publicly available. It leads to the partially labeled issue: How to learn a unified multi‐organ segmentation model from several single‐organ datasets? Pseudo‐label‐based methods and conditional information‐based methods make up the majority of existing solutions, where the former largely depends on the accuracy of pseudo‐labels, and the latter has a limited capacity for task‐related features. In this paper, we propose the Conditional Dynamic Attention Network (CDANet). Our approach is designed with two key components: (1) multisource parameter generator, fusing the conditional and multiscale information to better distinguish among different tasks, and (2) dynamic attention module, promoting more attention to task‐related features. We have conducted extensive experiments on seven partially labeled challenging datasets. The results show that our method achieved competitive results compared with the advanced approaches, with an average Dice score of 75.08%. Additionally, the Hausdorff Distance is 26.31, which is a competitive result.
Metal‐Organic Framework Membrane Hybridized with Graphitic Materials for Gas Separation
Authors: Choi Eunji , Kwon Ohchan , Hoo Lee Choong , Woo Kim Dae
Published: August 2023

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are an exceptional class of crystalline materials that have been extensively used to fabricate membranes for various applications such as gas separation, ion transport, and desalination due to their well‐defined pore structure, chemical features, and simple synthesis process. The incorporation of graphitic carbon materials in MOFs has garnered significant attention as it can provide abundant nucleation sites and modulate gas transport by influencing the orientation or rigidity of MOF crystals without changing their porous structure. This review insights of previous studies utilizing graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanoribbons for MOF‐based gas separation membranes, particularly focusing on polycrystalline MOF membrane hybridization with graphitic materials. We also briefly discuss the use of carbon/MOF hybrid materials for preparing mixed matrix membranes.
A novel control method for enhanced performance of single‐phase matrix converters
Authors: Al‐Dori Osamah , Vural Ahmet Mete
Published: August 2023

The conventional topology of direct single‐to‐single‐phase matrix converter (SSMC) is widely adopted in industrial and power system‐related applications owing to its desired features. Current control methods in the literature either limit the voltage transfer ratio (VTR) or prohibit their utilization to drive inductive (RL) loads. In this study, we propose a novel control method that overcomes these limitations by enabling the SSMC to achieve relatively high VTRs while driving RL loads with negligible output voltage spikes and without current commutation problems. Further, the proposed control method improves the overall performance by reducing output voltage and source input current total harmonic distortion (THD) and offering soft‐switching at the commutation instances. The rigidity of the proposed control method over the counterpart methods in the literature is verified through simulation and experimental case studies over a wide range of synthesized output frequencies and modulation indexes. A 530‐W laboratory prototype is built for the experimental study. Results demonstrated the ability of the proposed method in enabling the SSMC to drive an RL load without current commutation issues and with mitigated output voltage spikes while achieving relatively high VTRs and suppressing the output voltage and source input current THD.
Single‐cell transcriptome sequencing of B‐cell heterogeneity and tertiary lymphoid structure predicts breast cancer prognosis and neoadjuvant therapy efficacy
Authors: Wang Qing , Sun Ke , Liu Rui , Song Ying , Lv Yafeng , Bi Pingping , Yang Fuying , Li Sijia , Zhao Jiawen , Li Xiuqin , Chen Dong , Mei Jialin , Yang Rirong , Chen Kai , Liu Dequan , Tang Shicong
Published: August 2023

Background

Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and although immunotherapy has recently increased patient survival in a number of solid and hematologic malignancies, most BC subtypes respond poorly to immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICB). B cells, particularly those that congregate in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), play a significant role in antitumour immunity. However, B‐cell heterogeneity at single‐cell resolution and its clinical significance with TLS in BC need to be explored further.

Methods

Primary tumour lesions and surrounding normal tissues were taken from 14 BC patients, totaling 124,587 cells, for single‐cell transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.

Results

Based on the usual markers, the single‐cell transcriptome profiles were classified into various clusters. A thorough single‐cell study was conducted with a focus on tumour‐infiltrating B cells (TIL‐B) and tumour‐associated neutrophils (TAN). TIL‐B was divided into five clusters, and unusual cell types, such as follicular B cells, which are strongly related to immunotherapy efficacy, were identified. In BC, TAN and TIL‐B infiltration are positively correlated, and at the same time, compared with TLS‐high, TAN and TIL‐B in TLS‐low group are significantly positively correlated.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our study highlights the heterogeneity of B cells in BC, explains how B cells and TLS contribute significantly to antitumour immunity at both the single‐cell and clinical level, and offers a straightforward marker for TLS called CD23. These results will offer more pertinent information on the applicability and effectiveness of tumour immunotherapy for BC.
Sc3+ Chloro and Alkyl Complexes Coordinated by Pincer NHC‐Tethered Bis(phenolate) Ligands
Authors: Gurina Galina A. , Markin Alexey V. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Godovikov Ivan A. , Ob'edkov Anatoly M. , Trifonov Alexander A.
Published: August 2023

Bis(phenolate) ligands with benzimidazole‐2‐ylidene (L1) and tetrahydropyrimidine‐2‐ylidene (L2) linkers proved to be suitable coordination environments for the synthesis of isolable Sc3+ chloro and alkyl complexes. The treatment of Sc(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2 with equimolar amounts of [L1,2H3]Cl afforded chloro complexes L1,2ScCl(solv)2 (solv=THF, Py) in 76–85 % yields. L1,2ScCl(THF)2 were also prepared by the salt metathesis reactions of ScCl3 with [L1,2]Na2 generated from [L1,2H3]Cl and 3 equiv. of NaN(SiMe3)2 (−40 °C, THF) and isolated in somewhat lower yields (68–73 %). L2ScCl(THF)2 was subjected to the alkylation reaction with LiCH2SiMe3 affording alkyl derivative [L2Sc(CH2SiMe3)]2. This compound can be alternatively prepared by the subsequent reactions of [L2H3]Cl with equimolar amount of NaN(SiMe3)2 and Sc(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2. In the dimeric alkyl compound [L2Sc(CH2SiMe3)]2, one of the phenoxide groups of the dianionic ligand is coordinated to one scandium center, while the second one features μ‐bridging coordination with two metal centers.
Pre‐deacidification of hazelnut oil by short‐path distillation: Changes in 3‐chloropropane‐1,2‐diol esters, glycidyl esters, free fatty acids, tocopherols, and diglycerides
Authors: Kantekin‐Erdogan Meryem Nur , Emektar Kubra , Vardin Asli Yildirim , Ozdikicierler Onur , Tekin Aziz
Published: August 2023

Performing pre‐deacidification using short‐path distillation at high temperatures and vacuum levels is a general application for fats and oils with high free fatty acids (FFA) to reduce their FFA contents to reasonable levels before steam distillation or neutralization. This study aims to determine the changes in 3‐chloropropane‐1,2‐diol esters (3‐MCPDE), glycidyl esters (GE), and diglyceride (DG) as well as the losses in tocopherols during this process. A bleached hazelnut oil having 12.10% FFA content was distilled using a molecular distillation unit at 200 °C, 220 °C, and 240°C temperatures and 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mbar absolute pressures. The target was to reduce FFA content to less than 2% with minimum tocopherol loss. The results showed that considerable removals in FFA and GE contents were achieved by increasing the temperature and vacuum, while fewer decreases were detected in 3‐MCPDE and DG concentrations. Tocopherols were dramatically decreased by temperature rising, therefore, the lowest temperature (200°C) and absolute pressures (0.25–0.5 mbar) might be suitable for pre‐deacidification of hazelnut oil, where the distilled oil contained 1.78%–1.90% FFA, 243.11–286.76 mg kg–1 tocopherol, 0.50–0.55 mg kg–1 3‐MCPDE, 0.03–0.05 mg kg–1 GE and 4.00–4.22 mg kg–1 DG.

Practical Application: Vegetable oils with high free fatty acid (FFA) contents are generally subjected to physical refining to avoid considerable refining loss. However, high temperatures applied to vegetable oils during physical refining result in the formation of 3‐MCPDE&GE, and the loss of some nutrients, such as tocopherols. These adverse effects can be reduced through application of lower temperatures and shorter time during physical refining. This can be applied after the FFA contents of the oils are decreased to reasonable levels (less than 2%) by distillation (pre‐deacidification) before the deodorization. Although this technique has been implemented in many plants, there is almost no information on the effects of applied conditions on 3‐MCPDE and GE and some other minor constituents. This manuscript explains the changes in these compounds during the pre‐deacidification of hazelnut oil by molecular distillation. Suitable distillation conditions were also suggested, which would be very useful for industrial refining plants.
Heat Pump Systems in Existing Multifamily Buildings: A Meta‐Analysis of Field Measurement Data Focusing on the Relationship of Temperature and Performance of Heat Pump Systems
Authors: Lämmle Manuel , Metz Jakob , Kropp Michael , Wapler Jeannette , Oltersdorf Thore , Günther Danny , Herkel Sebastian , Bongs Constanze
Published: August 2023

Heat pumps play a central role in decarbonizing the heat supply of buildings. However, in this article, implementing heat pumps in existing buildings, a significant challenge is still presented due to high temperature requirements. In this article, a systematic analysis of the effects of heat source temperatures, maximum heat pump condenser temperatures, and system temperatures on the seasonal performance of heat pump (HP) systems is presented. The quantitative performance analysis encompasses over 50 heat pumps installed in residential buildings, revealing correlations between the building characteristics, observed temperatures, and heat pump type. The performance of an HP system retrofitted to a 30‐dwelling multifamily building is presented in more detail. The bivalent HP system combines air and ground as heat sources and achieves a seasonal performance factor of 3.25 with a share of the gas boiler of 27% in its first year of operation. In these findings, the technical feasibility of retrofitting heat pumps is demonstrated in existing buildings and insights are provided into overcoming the challenges associated with high temperature requirements.
Spatial optimization of integrated energy system including hydrogen electrolysis center based on mixed integer second‐order cone programming
Authors: Xiaoxin Zhang , Qigong Chen , Yuan Ge
Published: August 2023

Hydrogen energy is playing an increasingly important role in integrated energy systems (IES) due to its multiple uses. Green hydrogen can be produced from electricity generated from renewable energy, reducing carbon emissions and environmental pollution. Previous work usually only considers electric vehicles (EVs) as flexible loads, and there are few studies on the production and application process of green hydrogen. In this paper, hydrogen electrolysis centers (HECs) and EVs are simultaneously schedulable loads, integrated into IES, and optimized. The distribution network model is established, and the optimization goal is to minimize network loss while ensuring the safe operation of the power grid. Through the power flow optimization method of mixed‐integer second‐order cone programming, the space optimization scheduling of EVs in the IES is carried out, and the optimal location of the HEC is reasonably planned and set. A simulation instance of IEEE 33 nodes is used to verify the proposed method. The final results show that this method can minimize network loss in the range of safe operation of the system for the spatial scheduling of electrolytic hydrogen centers and EVs. At the same time, it can also provide a reference for HEC addressing.
Renewable energy sources‐based hybrid microgrid system for off‐grid electricity solution for rural communities
Authors: Ali Majid , Riaz Mohsin , Koondhar Mohsin Ali , Akram Muhammad Sarfraz , Guerrero Josep M. , Vasquez Juan C. , Khan Baseem
Published: August 2023

Rural electrification is a crucial component of meeting sustainable development goals. In Pakistan, load shedding and power outages are frequent. According to the current data, Pakistan is experiencing a shortfall of power between 6000 and 6500 MW. Microgrid technology has the potential to provide a solution to this problem in an efficient and low‐cost manner. This paper proposes the development of a hybrid microgrid system (HMGS) for rural communities. For that purpose, a technological analysis of the HMGS system for rural electrification is performed. Solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind resource‐based renewable energy systems are considered in this work for the electrification of rural areas of Pakistan. A hybrid PV/wind system is designed using MATLAB software. Simulation results show that a 230‐V sinusoidal output voltage has been produced by the proposed model. The advantage of this model is that it minimizes the impact of transients and provides a sinusoidal output waveform.
A parametric numerical study on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with intermediate‐blocked interdigitated flow field designs
Authors: Bagherighajari Fatemeh , Moradi Bilondi Abbas , Abdollahzadehsangroudi Mohammadmahdi , Hamrang Ali , Páscoa José Carlos
Published: August 2023

Flow field design is crucial for achieving higher performance in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This study uses a two‐phase, multi‐component, and three‐dimensional model to simulate the performance of PEMFCs that use interdigitated flow field design with intermediate blocks on the cathode side. A detailed parametric study is presented to investigate the effects of various geometric and operational parameters. Of the parameters studied, inlet mass flow rate, relative humidity, and rib width had the greatest impact on cell performance. The results show that increasing the cathode stoichiometric ratio resulted in higher fuel cell performance for blocked interdigitated designs compared to parallel designs. In addition, using cathode channels with higher height values resulted in lower PEMFC performance for all flow fields. Higher values of rib/channel width ratio resulted in lower cell performance due to liquid water accumulation in the rib regions. However, at higher rib/channel width ratios, the positive effect of using interdigitated flow designs was more pronounced. Moreover, at a low relative humidity of RH = 25%, a 10.4% higher performance was obtained for the interdigitated type II compared to cases with RH = 100%, due to more effective over‐rib convection and higher water removal.
Does repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improve cognitive function in age‐related neurodegenerative diseases? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Miller Amy , Allen Richard J. , Juma Alisha A. , Chowdhury Rumana , Burke Melanie Rose
Published: August 2023

Objective

High‐frequency, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeted over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is widely used in research to promote neuroplasticity and cognitive enhancement. RTMS is a promising intervention to tackle cognitive decline in people with age‐related neurodegenerative diseases. However, there is currently no systematic evidence examining the effects of DLPFC‐targeted, high‐frequency rTMS on cognitive function in this population. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy and moderators of this treatment intervention.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search of five electronic databases was performed to identify articles published before October, 2022. Following PRISMA guidelines, the identified articles were screened, data was extracted, and the methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane tool, Risk of Bias 2. Meta‐analyses were performed using R Studio (v.4.1.2).

Results

Sixteen studies involving 474 participants met the inclusion criteria, of which 8 studies measured global cognitive function. The results from the random‐effects meta‐analysis showed rTMS significantly improved global cognitive function relative to control groups shown by a large, significant effect size (g = 1.39, 95% CI, 0.34–2.43; p = 0.017). No significant effects were found between subgroups or for individual cognitive domains.

Conclusions

High‐frequency rTMS, targeted over the DLPFC, appears to improve global cognitive function in people with age‐related neurodegenerative diseases. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of studies included, and high between‐study heterogeneity.
Examination of recent hydroelectric dam projects in Canada for alignment of baseline studies, predictive modeling, and postdevelopment monitoring phases of aquatic environmental impact assessments
Authors: Brown Carolyn J. M. , Noble Bram F. , Munkittrick Kelly R.
Published: August 2023

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been widely criticized by the aquatic science community for poorly aligned approaches when selecting endpoints and collecting data during the baseline, predictive modeling, and postdevelopment monitoring phases. If these critical phases of the EIA process are not aligned properly, it can be difficult to evaluate the presence of postdevelopment effects. Examples of the misalignment of these phases include baseline studies failing to measure indicators that are monitored postdevelopment; predictive assessments that do not quantitatively predict conditions or potential impacts postdevelopment; and the failure to identify relevant indicators that may detect effects postdevelopment. For aquatic assessments, understanding how to protect critical ecosystem attributes to satisfy regulatory concerns could help to better align aquatic science monitoring activities across EIA phases. In this article we investigate recent Canadian hydroelectric dam EIAs to evaluate how well recent assessment approaches are meeting these necessary conditions of good aquatic EIA practice through the lens of ecosystem services from a fish's perspective. We found that larger facilities generally had baseline studies and modeling that better supported postdevelopment monitoring, but improvements in structure, linkages, and expectations would better align EIA phases in a manner that would improve assessments and environmental protection. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:616–644. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
New Frontiers in Gas Phase Chemistry and Catalysis. Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Helmut Schwarz
Authors: Apeloig Yitzhak , Shaik Sason
Published: August 2023

Helmut Schwarz is a great scientist and a statesman who has made important fundamental contributions to chemistry as a science, and to the globalization of chemistry when he served as the Vice President of the German Research Foundation and subsequently as the President of the Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Foundation.
Instrumental goals shape EU citizens' attitudes to the Russia–Ukraine war over time
Authors: Fousiani Kyriaki , Van Prooijen Jan‐Willem
Published: August 2023

The European Union (EU) legislation suggests that EU member states progressively adopt and implement policies that are primarily in line with the broader European interests, and secondarily with specific national interests. Yet, citizens from various EU member‐states often oppose these EU directives and adopt attitudes that favour national interests. The current study investigates whether EU citizens progressively comply with—or digress from—the directives of the superordinate EU group during the Russia–Ukraine war. In a two‐wave study we investigated the role of instrumental reasons (i.e., maximisation of material gain) to cooperate with an EU outgroup, namely Russia, in Greeks' (an EU member state) compliance with the EU directives over time during the Russia–Ukraine war. We hypothesised and found that instrumental reasons to cooperate with Russia: (a) encourage EU citizens to support digressing from EU directives and (b) predict decreased identification with the superordinate identity of EU over time. Moreover, since NATO's approach to the Russian invasion closely mirrors that of the EU, we further investigated the effects of instrumental reasons to cooperate with Russia on Greeks' identification with a different superordinate group, namely NATO. Results were largely similar to those we obtained when focusing on EU as a superordinate group.
Research on equipment safety fault diagnosis method based on multi‐sensor fusion deep network in mechatronics equipment environment
Authors: Wu Dongyan , Wang Mingge
Published: August 2023

The safety performance and stability of mechatronics equipment play an important role in modern industrial production. However, using a single‐sensor signal cannot effectively ensure robustness in complex scenarios. Moreover, the efficient collection and real‐time transmission of information can improve the real‐time performance of fault detection. To this end, this article proposes a novel deep network based on multi‐sensor information fusion for mechatronics equipment fault detection. Firstly, three sensors are used to collect status information. We use the CC2420 model to transmit the collected signals to the server for storage and analysis. Secondly, we designed a multi‐sensor information fusion deep network. To better model local and global features, we introduced convolutional operations and the multi‐head attention mechanism to form the backbone of the network. The results on the self‐built dataset indicate that the proposed model fully utilizes the advantages of multimodal information and deep networks to achieve the optimal fault detection results.
Use of subgroup‐specific hematopoietic stem cell collection efficiencies to improve truncation calculations for large‐volume leukapheresis procedures
Authors: Rogers Kai J. , Mott Sarah L. , Parsons Meredith G. , Schlueter Annette J.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

A critical component of optimizing peripheral blood (PB) hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) collections is accurately determining the processed blood volume required to collect the targeted number of HSCs. Fundamental to most truncation equations employed to determine this volume is the procedure's estimated collection efficiency (CE), which is typically applied uniformly across all HSC collections. Few studies have explored the utility of using different CEs in subpopulations of donors that have substantially different CEs than the institutional average.

Methods

Initial procedures from 343 autologous and 179 allogeneic HSC collections performed from 2018 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Predictive equations were developed to determine theoretical truncation rates in various donor subgroups.

Results

Quantitative variables (pre‐procedure cell counts) and qualitative variables (relatedness to recipient, gender, method of venous access, and mobilization strategy) were found to significantly impact CE. However, much of the variability in CE between donors could not be explained by the variables assessed. Analyses of procedures with high pre‐collection PB cell counts identified lower CE values for these donors' truncation equations which still allow truncation but minimize risk of collecting less CD34+ cells than requested.

Conclusions

Individualized CE does not substantially improve truncation volume calculations over use of a fixed CE and adds complexity to these calculations. The optimal fixed CE varies between autologous and allogeneic donors, and donors with high pre‐collection PB cell counts in either of these groups. This model will be clinically validated and continuously refined through analysis of future HSC collections.
Veno–venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation（VV–ECMO）導入により救命できた，換気障害による呼吸不全を併発した重症気道損傷の1症例(A case of inhalation injury that caused severe respiratory failure due to ventilation disorder, which was saved by using veno–venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV–ECMO))
Authors: 薫 堂本 , 均 池側 , 佳裕 中村 , 健志 前島 , 麻里 中嶋 , 和人 櫻本 , 安行 鍬方
Published: August 2023

受傷早期に気管粘膜の脱落による換気障害から重篤な呼吸不全に陥り，veno–venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation（VV–ECMO）を使用することで救命することができた気道損傷症例を経験した。症例は57歳の女性。自宅火災で煙を吸い込み受傷した。来院時，意識清明で，顔面・口腔内に煤が付着しており，体幹は4%のII度熱傷のみであった。SpO2は99%（リザーバー付きマスク10L/分酸素投与下），気道狭窄音を聴取した。喉頭鏡で，咽頭・喉頭・気管内に煤が存在し，声門浮腫が確認されたため直ちに気管挿管を実施した。来院20時間後に，急激な気道内圧上昇を伴う換気障害による高度な呼吸性アシデミアを呈したため，VV–ECMOを導入した。気道損傷に対して，ヘパリン，アセチルシステインの吸入を実施し，経日的に気管粘膜の発赤は軽減，分泌物も減少した。呼吸機能も改善し，第5病日にVV–ECMOを離脱し，第10病日には抜管でき，第20病日に転院となった。重症気道損傷による呼吸不全の原因には，受傷早期の浮腫による上気道閉塞だけでなく，遅発性の気管粘膜脱落による気道狭窄・閉塞で生じる換気障害も挙げられる。これらの換気障害への対応は容易ではないが，気管粘膜の脱落は１週間程度で改善することが十分期待できるので，今回のVV–ECMO導入は理にかなっていると考えられた。
胸骨骨折および多発肋骨骨折に対してロッキングスクリューによるプレート固定術を行った前方フレイルチェストの1例(Locking screw plate stabilization of anterior frail chest caused by sternal fracture and multiple rib fractures: Case report)
Authors: 剛 眞喜志 , 薫 原田 , 晋太郎 竹内 , 夏実子 須田 , 敏明 矢野 , 一博 志賀 , 達也 早川
Published: August 2023

フレイルチェストは多発肋骨骨折や胸骨骨折によって生じたフレイルセグメントによって胸郭が不安定になり，奇異呼吸を呈して呼吸不全を生じる病態である。陽圧呼吸によるinternal pneumatic stabilizationが標準的治療で，外科的固定術を要する症例は稀である。症例は55歳の男性。交通事故によって多発外傷を受傷し，胸骨骨折と多発肋骨骨折による前方フレイルチェストを合併していた。Internal pneumatic stabilizationだけでは呼吸状態が安定しなかったため，胸骨に対してワイヤー固定，および肋骨に対してプレート固定を行った。それでも胸郭運動は不安定で呼吸不全が残存したため，胸骨および肋骨に対してロッキングスクリューによるプレート固定を行い，呼吸状態が安定した。文献による外科的固定術の適応や有効性の検討とともに，2度の外科的治療を要した前方フレイルチェストとして本症例を報告する。