bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital assessment of walking ability: Validity and reliability of the automated figure-of-eight walk test in older adults
Authors: Kong Hyun-Ho , Shin Kwangsoo , Yang Dong-Seok , Gu Hye-Young , Joo Hyeon-Seong , Shon Hyun-Chul
Published: February 2025

Background

The Figure-of-Eight Walk Test (F8WT) can assess straight- and curved-path walking ability, but the validity and reliability of automated measurement of the F8WT using digital device has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to verify the validity (method comparison) and test-retest reliability of the automated FW8T (aFW8T) using a digital device based on image analysis by comparing the results of the aF8WT with those of the manual F8WT (mF8WT).

Methods

Community-dwelling older adults underwent the mF8WT performed by a physiotherapist and the aF8WT using the Digital Senior Fitness Test system. To verify the test-retest reliability, the aF8WT was administered again to a randomly selected group of participants one week after the baseline test. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to verify the degree of agreement between the results of and correlation between the mF8WT and aF8WT, respectively. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of the limits of agreement (LoA) was obtained using Bland–Altman analysis.

Results

The analysis included 83 participants (mean age 71.6 ± 4.7 years). The participants’ mF8WT and aF8WT results were 29.1 ± 4.9 and 29.8 ± 4.9 seconds, respectively. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a very strong correlation between the mF8WT and aF8WT results with r = 0.91 (p < 0.001), and the ICC between the mF8WT and aF8WT results was 0.95 (0.91–0.97), showing excellent agreement. The 95% CI of the LoA was ˗0.7 (˗4.8 to 3.3) seconds in the Bland–Altman analysis. In an analysis of the test-retest reliability of the aF8WT, participants’ aF8WT results were 30.9 ± 4.7 seconds (baseline) and 29.6 ± 4.9 seconds (retest), with an ICC of 0.94 (0.81–0.98, p < 0.001), indicating excellent reliability.

Conclusion

Automated measurement of the F8WT using a digital device showed excellent validity and reliability. The aF8WT can be used to assess and monitor the walking ability of community-dwelling older adults.
MAP1LC3C repression reduces CIITA- and HLA class II expression in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Barbeau Lydie M. O. , Beelen Nicky A. , Savelkouls Kim G. , Keulers Tom G. H. , Wieten Lotte , Rouschop Kasper M. A.
Published: February 2025

In the last decade, advancements in understanding the genetic landscape of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) have significantly impacted therapy development. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have shown great promise, improving overall and progression-free survival in approximately 25% of the patients. However, challenges remain, such as the lack of predictive biomarkers, difficulties in patient stratification, and identifying mechanisms that cancers use to become immune-resistant (“immune-cold”). Analysis of TCGA datasets reveals reduced MAP1LC3C expression in cancer. Further analysis indicates that low MAP1LC3C is associated with reduced CIITA and HLA expression and with decreased immune cell infiltration. In tumor cells, silencing MAP1LC3C inhibits CIITA expression and suppresses HLA class II production. These findings suggest that cancer cells are selected for low MAP1LC3C expression to evade efficient immune responses.
Bivariate multilevel modeling of antenatal care contacts and place of delivery among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia
Authors: Belay Denekew Bitew , Mulat Seniat , Birhan Nigussie Adam , Chen Ding-Geng
Published: February 2025

Background

Antenatal care (ANC) contacts, along with enhanced health facilities for delivery, are essential components of maternal and child healthcare, as these significantly contribute to both mothers and their newborn child’s health. Antennal care contacts primarily help women maintain normal pregnancies by detecting pre-existing conditions and preventing complications that may arise during childbirth. This study intended to determine possible factors that affect both ANC contact and place of delivery among women in Ethiopia.

Methods

The 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey data were used for this study. A total weighted sample of 3,926 women nested within 68 zones was used. The bivariate multilevel logistic regression model was utilized to assess the association between antenatal care contact and place of delivery and determinant factors among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia.

Results

In this study, 57% and 47.5% of women had no ANC contacts and home delivery respectively. Similarly, about 36.73% of women delivered at home and didn’t utilize the recommended ANC contacts. Only 32.99% of women have both health facility delivery and at least four ANC contacts during their pregnancy. Women who reside in rural areas were 0.612 and 0.352 times less likely to have ANC and health facility delivery compared to women who reside in urban areas. Whereas, the estimated odds of women with higher education levels were 3.803 and 8.406 times the estimated odds of women with no education.

Conclusion

A high proportion of women are still delivering their new child at home and still don’t have at least four ANC contacts during their pregnancy. Women’s age, women education level, marital status, wealth status, sex of household head, place of residence, and region were significant predictors of antenatal care visits and place of delivery simultaneously in Ethiopia. Although the country tried to maximize these services, it still requires expansion of health facilities media campaigns, and women’s literacy to reduce maternal and newborn child mortality in Ethiopia.
Quantitative research on aesthetic value of the world heritage karst based on UGC data: A case study of Huangguoshu Scenic Area
Authors: Zhao Xi , Xiong Kangning , Zhang Meng
Published: February 2025

The World Natural Heritage is a rare and irreplaceable natural landscape recognized by all mankind, with outstanding significance and universal value. Among them, the World Heritage Karst sites(WHKs) holds an important position due to its special natural beauty and aesthetic value. In the field of landscape evaluation, interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary cooperation using different methods has always been a research focus. However, there is still a gap in the evaluation of natural landscape aesthetic value based on UGC(User Generated Content) data and deep learning models. This article is based on a public perspective, using social media UGC data, crawling images and texts as data sources, and combining SegFormer deep learning models, ArcGIS spatial analysis, natural Language Processing Technology (NLP) and other methods to conduct quantitative research on aesthetic value. Research has found that: (1) Huangguoshu Scenic Area has an excellent natural environment, and landscape elements with high naturalness (vegetation, water) are more attractive to tourists, with diverse landscape combinations; (2) There is no complete positive correlation between tourist sentiment bias, landscape diversity, and vegetation coverage. Emphasis is placed on the aesthetic perception path from bottom to top, from the surface to the inside. The comprehensive emotional value is 14.35, and the emotional values are all positively distributed. The distribution density and extreme value of positive emotions are greater than those of negative emotions; (3) The emotional bias of tourists is directly related to visual sensitivity, showing a synchronous trend of change. The visual sensitivity of the Great Waterfall and Dishuitan areas is relatively high, mostly at I-II level sensitivity. This method enhances the data source channel, which is conducive to obtaining the correct tourist evaluation orientation. In traditional subjective landscape evaluation, rational parameter indicators are added to reduce the probability of error, provide data support for its natural beauty description, break through the time and space limitations of aesthetic evaluation, and provide scientific reference for quantifying the aesthetic value of other heritage sites.
The accuracy of capture per unit effort in predicting density of a cryptic snake was more sensitive to reductions in spatial than temporal coverage
Authors: Nafus Melia G. , Hanslowe Emma B. , Goetz Scott M.
Published: February 2025

A critical component of monitoring wildlife populations is understanding changes in population size or abundance. However, for most populations a complete census is not possible; thus, trends or abundance need to be estimated through alternative means, such as indexes. An important aspect of using indexes, such as capture per unit effort (CPUE), is validating them as accurate or precise predictors of population trends or abundance. We completed such analyses using data collected from visual surveys and trapping for brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) within a 5-ha enclosure that was undergoing a continuous population decline. During a ~ 6-year period, we censused and marked the snake population to fully enumerated the population, with new individuals resulting from births and removals resulting only from mortality (natural or experimental). From trapping and visual surveys, we were also able to calculate CPUE as a function of trap nights or km surveyed and used regressions to forecast snake density (snakes/km) in the enclosure from CPUE. We also rarefied the true dataset to measure whether reductions in sampling intensity, either temporally or spatially, affected the accuracy or precision in predicting snake density from CPUE. We found that trap CPUE demonstrated no statistical relationship to density based on our study methods. CPUE during visual surveys did predict actual density, with sufficient spatial and temporal sampling intensity. CPUE from visual surveys was relatively robust against reductions in temporal sampling when spatial intensity remained high. However, reductions in the spatial area covered to less than 50% of the enclosure rapidly reduced the accuracy and precision in using CPUE to forecast density. Our results indicate that visual surveys are a relatively accurate measure of true density for brown treesnakes, given sufficient spatial sampling effort. The spatial area of coverage required for CPUE to accurately predict changes in abundance was, however, intense with > 50% of the spatial area required to be sampled on a given sampling night. Our results indicate that CPUE is only reliable as an index of abundance or population trends for cryptic snakes, if sampling effort covers most of the landscape over which populations are being estimated.
Assessment of public awareness and perspectives towards adverse drug reaction reporting system in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Iffat Wajiha , Shakeel Sadia , Nesar Shagufta , Qamar Ambreen , Huma Zille , Rehman Hina , Akhtar Mahwish , Ali Syed Ahsan , Ansari Mohammad Nadeem , Yaqoob Muhammad , Tariq Areeb Bin
Published: February 2025

Background

Public involvement in reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) generates a broader database on drug safety. Underreporting remains a hindrance to implementing an effective pharmacovigilance system that ultimately affects public health. Hence, it is critical to appraise the public’s awareness of ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance to address the gaps for the enhancement of ADR reporting rate.

Objectives

The current study explored public knowledge and attitudes toward ADR reporting in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods

A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted from 3rd Jan 2022 to 30th Nov 2022 using a forty-item questionnaire to evaluate public insights regarding the ADR and its reporting. Descriptive analysis was executed to determine frequencies and percentages for the respondents’ baseline characteristics and the responses toward ADR reporting. The chi-square test (χ2) was applied to determine the association between the dependent and independent variables considering a p-value < 0.05 as statistically significant.

Results

The response rate of the present study was 78.3%. More than 80% of the respondents deemed that ADR occurs only with high doses of medicines and over-the-counter medications do not cause any ADR. More than 75% of the respondents did not know that the ADR reporting form is available on the Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP) website; the response varied significantly with the education (p = 0.002) and social status (p = 0.0001) of the respondents. More than 50% of the participants refused to ever report an ADR to health professionals. Physicians (n = 364; 47.7%) and pharmacists (n = 253; 33.1%) were the respondents’ professed most reliable sources to whom ADR can be reported; responses varied significantly with their education (p = 0.003) and age (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

The study has provided insight into the challenges and gaps needed to improve ADR reporting in Pakistan. The outcomes revealed that the public is aware of the benefits of reporting ADRs; however, they do not realize their role and the potentially significant impact on the healthcare system by contributing to ADR reporting. Therefore, it is a need of time to educate the public on the value of reporting ADRs and implement user-friendly and accessible ADR reporting systems in patient care areas to facilitate easier reporting.
Increasing rice yield with low ammonia volatilization by combined application of controlled-release blended fertilizer and densification
Authors: Ma Xiaowei , Ding Zijuan , Hu Ren , Wang Xuexia , Hou Jun , Zou Guoyuan , Cao Bing
Published: February 2025

Controlled-release blended fertilizer (CRBF) and densification can increase rice yield and nitrogen (N) efficiency. However, the effects of CRBF combined with densification on rice yield, N absorption, economic benefits of fertilization, and ammonia volatilization loss remain unclear. A 2-year field experiment was conducted using five treatments: no N (control, CK), conventional N application (farmer’s fertilization practice, FFP), optimal N application (OPT), single basal application of CRBF (CRBF), and CRBF combined with densification (CRFDP). Moreover, rice yield, N absorption and use efficiency, economic benefit, and ammonia volatilization loss were evaluated. CRBF and CRFDP significantly increased rice dry matter, N use efficiency by 11.6%–30.5% and 90.2%–160.0%, finally increased the yield by 33.3% and 26.1% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Compared with FFP, CRFDP with 16.7% reduction of N input significantly increased yield by 33.3% and 26.1% and economic benefit by 46.9% and 38.3% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Compared with CRBF, CRFDP increased the total yield by 2.7% and 15.2%, economic benefit by 3.5% and 7.6%, and N absorption efficiency by 10% and 8.3% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Compared with FFP, CRFDP reduced ammonia volatilization intensity by 62.5% and 60.8%, cumulative ammonia volatilization loss by 46.3% and 50.3% and also lowered NH4+-N of surface water by 69.0%–93.8% and 57.8%–89.7% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The combination of CRBF and densification could improve the rice yield, economic benefit, and N use efficiency and reduce ammonia volatilization. These results might provide data and theoretical support for the high yield of rice and a new environmentally friendly and resource-efficient model of rice cultivation.
Characterizing pre-discharge interventions to reduce length of stay for older adults: A scoping review
Authors: Garcia Emily , Hass Zachary J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Hospital pre-discharge interventions are becoming one of the leading strategies to promote early discharge. For older adult patients, it remains unclear what these interventions are and how they affect discharge outcomes.

Objective

This scoping review categorizes pre-discharge interventions promoting early acute care hospital discharging or total hospital length of stay reductions among older adults, synthesizes contextual factors (e.g., cost, staffing) driving implementation, and assesses the perceived intervention’s impact.

Design

The review followed the five states of the Arksey and O’Malley framework and the PRISMA-ScR extension. The PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched from 1983 to 2020 for pre-discharge interventions designed or adapted to discharge older adults earlier in their stay from acute care hospitals. Potentially relevant articles were screened against eligibility criteria. Findings were extracted and collated in data charting forms followed by brief thematic analyses.

Results

The search yielded 5,455 articles of which 91 articles were included. Eight pre-discharge intervention categories were identified: clinical management, diagnostic/risk assessment tools, staffing enhancements, drug administration, length of stay protocols, nutrition planning, and communication improvements. Leading motivations for intervention implementation included the nationwide drive to reduce care costs and hospitals’ need to increase hospital profitability, improve quality of care, or optimize resource utilization. Discharge outcomes reported included hospitalization costs, readmission rates, mortality rates, resource utilization rates and costs, and length of stay. Mixed results were found regarding the effectiveness of early discharge interventions on discharge outcomes based on expressed author sentiment.

Conclusions

The drive for pre-discharge interventions that reduce older adult hospital stays and associated costs continues to stem primarily from economic and governmental policies. Follow-up studies may be required to emphasize patient perspectives and care trajectories to avoid unintentional costly and health-deteriorating consequences.
Evaluation of a home-based parenting support programme—Parenting Young Children—For parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities when there is a risk for neglect: Study protocol for a multi-centre study
Authors: Holmefur Marie , Forslund Tommie , Randell Eva , Wennberg Birgitta , Ayoub Maria , Almqvist Lena , Fängström Karin , Janeslätt Gunnel , Strandberg Thomas
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) often need parenting support, but there are few evidence-based programmes adapted to their cognitive needs. Parenting Young Children (PYC), a home-based programme for parents with IDDs, is perceived as beneficial by parents and practitioners, but it is unclear if PYC improves parenting. The purpose of the proposed mixed-methods study is therefore to evaluate the PYC programme for improved parenting in parents with IDDs.

Methods and analysis

The quantitative evaluation will have a multi-centre, pretest-posttest study design and include parents with IDDs (children aged 0–9) in need of adapted parenting support. Goal-attainment in parenting skills, parental self-efficacy and child mental health will be measured outcomes. Interviews will be used to explore the perspectives of parents and children on PYC.

Ethics and dissemination

Particpation is based on informed consent from parents and guardians of the participating children. Ethical approval was granted by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority.
Impact of federal funding for graduate medical education on residency program size: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act
Authors: McNamara Cici , Hussain Tehreem
Published: February 2025

Primary care and rural physician shortages are a present and growing concern to policy makers. We assessed three Affordable Care Act (ACA) provisions that changed the maximum number of residents teaching hospitals could be reimbursed for, an element of graduate medical education (GME) funding known as the resident cap. The results show that an increase in a hospital’s resident cap of one slot under one of these ACA provisions in 2010 is associated with an increase in residency program size of approximately one full-time equivalent resident. We find important heterogeneity in the magnitude of the association between resident cap changes and program growth across ACA provisions, as well as in whether these associations are driven by changes in primary or non-primary care program growth. These results suggest that targeted changes to GME funding may be an effective tool in helping address physician shortages.
Explore the possible influence of Sjogren’s syndrome on thyroid cancer: A literature data mining and meta-analysis
Authors: Kong Fanyong , Han Boxuan , Wu Zhen , Chen Jiaming , Shen Xixi , Shi Qian , Hou Lizhen , Fang Jugao , Lian Meng
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To explore the potential influence of Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) on thyroid cancer (TC).

Methods

First, a literature data mining (LDM) approach was used to reconstruct functional pathways connecting SS and TC. A meta-analysis was then performed to examine the expression changes of genes mediated by SS using 16 TC case/control expression datasets, with results validated through the TCGA/GTEx dataset. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and survival analysis using GEPIA2 were conducted on the significant genes.

Results

Our findings indicate that SS may increase the risk of TC by activating 14 TC promoters (PDCD1, NTRK1, LGALS3, CD274, FOXP3, BCL2, CYP1A1, HMGB1, TGFB1, CCL2, PLA2G7, TFF3, LCN2, and CLDN1) and suppressing three TC inhibitors (MIR145, MIR30C1, and EP300). Four molecules (PLA2G7, TFF3, LCN2, and CLDN1) exhibited significant expression changes in TC patients (LFC > 1 or < -1; p < 2.07E-04), which were confirmed in TCGA/GTEx expression analysis. These results highlight three possible mechanisms—the SS-PLA2G7-CCL2-TC pathway, the SS-LCN2-LGALS3-TC pathway, and the SS-CLDN1-BCL2-TC pathway—that may explain how SS contributes to TC development. Enrichment analysis suggests that SS may affect TC prognosis by regulating leukocytes and tolerance induction. Survival analysis indicates that SS may enhance TC survival through the regulation of the CLDN1 and EGF pathways.

Conclusion

LDM-based pathway analysis highlighted three genetic pathways through which SS may adversely affect TC progression, while SS may enhance TC survival via the CLDN1 and EGF pathways, highlighting the need for further research.
Impact of parental education on number of under five children death per mother in Bangladesh
Authors: Afroz Farzana , Akib Md. Muddasir Hossain , Pal Bikash , Asha Abida Sultana
Published: February 2025

One of the leading challenges of social development is the reduction of children’s deaths under the age of five. The primary focus of this research is to study the potential impact of parental education on under five children death in Bangladesh utilizing a secondary dataset extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2017–18. The total count of deceased children within a family is a non-negative numerical variable. The mean number of under five children death per 100 mothers is found to be 20 with variance of around 27, which indicates the presence of overdispersion. As the response variable exhibits 84.2% zero counts, we have considered three regression models in this research; Poisson model, zero-inflated Poisson model, and zero-inflated negative binomial model. Finally, zero-inflated negative binomial model, exhibiting the lowest AIC value, indicates that both maternal and paternal education have significant protective impact on under five children death. Specifically, greater levels of formal education achieved by the parents are associated with a decreased rate of children death.
El republicanismo guipuzcoano (1868-1923): entre el himno de Riego, la Marsellesa y el Gernikako Arbola
Authors: Belaustegi Unai
Published: February 2025

Gernikako Arbola, La Marsellesa y el Himno de Riego. El himno de los vascongados, la chant de guerre contra la tiranía regia y otra marcha dirigida a los soldados de la patria. Tres símbolos que adornaron las celebraciones de los republicanos guipuzcoanos y que juntos ejemplifican la complejidad del espacio anti-monárquico del momento. El libro republicana en Gipuzkoa desde 1868 hasta 1923. En ella se atiende tanto a los republicanos de San Sebastián como a los correligionarios de los municipios más destacados. El territorio escogido viene a ampliar el mapa de estudios locales en España mientras que los límites cronológicos abarcan el período que transcurrió desde la inauguración del republicanismo organizado como tal hasta su casi desaparición del espacio público. Durante más de medio siglo de existencia, los republicanos concurrieron por una senda un tanto particular: disfrutaron de mayorías en la Diputación Provincial o en los centros urbanos más grandes y mostraron importantes carencias para construir un discurso coherente con los cambios que estaban sucediendo a su alrededor. En todo este período, además, buscaron apoyo entre los monárquicos, los socialistas, los carlistas o incluso entre los nacionalistas vascos. Como se verá, el perfil de los republicanos es otra característica a tener en cuenta a la hora de comprender la diversidad de este espacio ideológico: hubo republicanos que dirigieron las empresas lideres del territorio y republicanos que se enfrentaron a ellos durante las huelgas generales. Los primeros, a los que hemos llamado incoloros, lideraron el republicanismo provincial durante buena parte del período; mientras que los segundos terminaron emigrando a otros espacios políticos. Todo ello, además, transmitido diariamente por varios órganos de prensa entre los que destacó La Voz de Guipúzcoa. Diario republicano.
Recent Trends of ADCs
Authors:   Constructive Bio, Lee William
Published: February 2025

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are rapidly emerging as a transformative approach in cancer therapeutics, offering significant advancements over traditional treatments. The global ADC market is projected to reach $11.29 billion in 2023, with an estimated compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.2% between 2024 and 2030, reflecting substantial economic and scientific interest in this field.
Healthcare Contact Days Before and After Liver Transplant in Patients With Cirrhosis: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Elhence Hirsh , Brar Gurmehr , Dodge Jennifer L. , Lee Brian P.
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION:

“Healthcare contact days” is a patient-centered quantitative proxy for time toxicity, which can be informative for liver transplant (LT) decision-making. We aimed to (i) quantify contact days in patients with cirrhosis pre-LT and post-LT and (ii) identify clinical and demographic features associated with contact days.

METHODS:

Using a national health system database, we calculated healthcare contact days (inpatient, outpatient hospital [e.g. observation], ambulatory, emergency, mental health, other) for patients with cirrhosis before and after LT.

RESULTS:

Between 2008 and 2023, 2,708 patients underwent LT (median age 59 years [interquartile range 52–65], 66% male, 68% non-Hispanic White). Total mean contact days were 76.0 (SD, 58.6) 1 year pre-LT, increasing to 92.3 (SD, 63.2) 1 year post-LT, then decreasing to 39.7 (SD, 43.3) and 30.9 (SD, 35.6) 2 years and 3 years post-LT, respectively. The mean inpatient contact days were 33.6 (SD, 47.5) 1 year pre-LT, increasing to 49.6 (SD, 59.1) 1 year post-LT, then decreasing to 11.9 (SD, 32.0) and 6.7 (SD, 19.8) 2 years and 3 years post-LT, respectively. In multivariable analysis, pre-LT contact days were not associated with post-LT days (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.00 [1.00–1.00]). Post-LT, female gender (IRR 1.09 [1.03–1.15]), Black race (IRR 1.11 [1.00–1.23]), and pre-LT dialysis (IRR 1.21 [1.10–1.34]) were associated with increased total contact days.

DISCUSSION:

Healthcare contact days provide interpretable prognostic information to inform expectations regarding LT for cirrhosis and can be useful for patients, providers, and policymakers alike.
Rekonstruksi Pendidikan Islam Berbasis Technoscience: Optimalisasi Kecerdasan Buatan Untuk Pembelajaran Inovatif
Authors: Hastuti Hastuti , Hartono Nahrun
Published: February 2025

Perkembangan teknologi, khususnya kecerdasan buatan (AI), telah membawa perubahan mendasar pada dunia pendidikan secara global, termasuk dalam pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini berfokus pada upaya optimalisasi AI untuk membangun kembali metode pembelajaran Islam yang lebih inovatif dan adaptif guna memenuhi kebutuhan siswa abad ke-21. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dan analisis kualitatif melalui survei yang dilakukan terhadap guru dan siswa untuk mengeksplorasi berbagai aplikasi AI yang relevan, seperti chatbot untuk tutor virtual, sistem pembelajaran adaptif, serta analisis big data yang bertujuan untuk mempersonalisasi proses pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AI memiliki potensi besar dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran Islam melalui pendekatan yang lebih personal, interaktif, dan fleksibel. Penggunaan chatbot berbasis AI mampu memfasilitasi interaksi pembelajaran yang lebih intensif, sementara sistem pembelajaran adaptif dapat menyesuaikan materi dengan tingkat pemahaman mahasiswa. Selain itu, analisis big data memberikan wawasan yang lebih dalam bagi para pendidik untuk mengenali kebutuhan belajar individu peserta didik. Meskipun demikian, penelitian ini juga menemukan sejumlah tantangan, seperti rendahnya literasi digital di kalangan guru dan siswa serta kekhawatiran terkait etika penggunaan AI dalam konteks pembelajaran agama. Dengan demikian, rekonstruksi pendidikan Islam berbasis technoscience melalui integrasi AI merupakan langkah strategis untuk menjawab tantangan pendidikan di era digital. Meskipun masih ada kendala yang harus diatasi, potensi AI dalam meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran Islam sangat besar. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengembangan kurikulum yang mengintegrasikan AI, peningkatan literasi digital bagi pendidik, serta penerapan AI yang selaras dengan nilai-nilai agama.
Nanomaterial based drought mitigation in crops is through antioxidant defense system
Authors: Logeshwaran J , Senthil A , Anitha K , Moorthy P S , Raghu R , Karthikeyan R , Djanaguiraman M
Published: February 2025

Drought stress significantly impacts crop productivity by affecting the growth and development of plants. Studies have shown that drought stress induces oxidative damage, and the use of antioxidant molecules or nanoparticle (NPs) possessing antioxidant properties may decrease the negative effects of oxidative stress. So far, antioxidants like ascorbic acid, glutathione, proline, and glycine betaine have been studied in detail, but there is limited information available on the effect of NPs in decreasing drought induced oxidative damage. When plants are subjected to drought stress conditions, their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreases leading to an increase in ROS that can damage membranes, proteins, and lipids. Nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as tocopherols, ascorbate, glutathione, phenols, and carotenoids, along with enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidise, can strengthen the plant defense against ROS. Nanoparticles possessing antioxidant properties can mimic antioxidant enzymes, activate, and alter gene expression levels, leading to reduced ROS levels because of their increased surface area and presence of free electrons on their surface. This review discusses the effects of drought stress on crops, the synthesis, and unique properties of NPs, and the various traits improved by NPs possessing antioxidant properties to mitigate drought stress in plants.
The Inability to Form a Coalition: The Case of the Basic Income Proposal in Mexico
Authors: Zapata Celestino Kevin
Published: February 2025

The proposal for Basic Income (BI) pushed by renowned figures in Mexico sparked a vigorous debate over social policy between 2015 and 2018. This debate was particularly notable, as it challenged the long-standing dominance of conditional cash transfers, which had remained largely unquestioned as the country’s main antipoverty policy since their introduction in the 1990s. Despite the BI proposal getting wide coverage from the media, it not only failed to gain traction on the government’s agenda but also quickly became irrelevant right after the general elections of 2018. This was due to the unsuccessful coalition-building efforts of the BI proponents, who were unable to reconcile their political disagreements, overcome partisan competition, establish communication, and bridge their policy beliefs on various levels. By conducting interviews with relevant stakeholders, I conclude that the inability of the BI supporters to form a unified advocacy coalition made it impossible to promote social policy change.
One-sided extended g-Drazin inverses
Authors: Mosić Dijana
Published: February 2025

The principal goal of this paper is to present one-sided versions of the
extended g-Drazin inverse as weaker kinds of the extended g-Drazin inverse.
Precisely, we define left and right extended g-Drazin inverses for Banach algebra elements.
A number of characterizations for left and right extended g-Drazin inverses are developed.
Since we obtain equivalence between concepts of left (or right)
extended g-Drazin invertibility and left (or right) generalized Drazin invertibility, in fact, we get
new characterizations for left (or right) generalized Drazin invertibility as consequences.
As particular cases of one-sided extended g-Drazin inverses, we investigate
one-sided extended Drazin inverses.
Crystal structure of (E)-(3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)acryloyl)ferrocene, C21H20FeO
Authors: Gao Yanrong , Xu Xiaona , Zhu Zhoujing , Tang Wenqiang
Published: February 2025

C21H20FeO, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 27.666(3) Å, b = 5.9979(5) Å, c = 21.0340(19) Å, β = 112.226(3)°, V = 3231.0(5) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.1155 wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.3122, T = 170 K.
Generalized (ψ,φ)-contraction to investigate Volterra integral inclusions and fractal fractional PDEs in super-metric space with numerical experiments
Authors: Shah Syed Khayyam , Sarwar Muhammad , Hleili Manel , Samei Mohammad Esmael , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: February 2025

This article demonstrates the behavior of generalized (

ψ
,
φ

\psi ,\varphi

)-type contraction mappings involving expressions of rational-type in the context of super-metric spaces. In this direction, we obtained unique and common fixed point results for a pair of mappings. The obtained results are then utilized to establish some corollaries. Moreover, numerical examples and applications related to the system of integral inclusions and fractal fractional partial differential equations have been presented to validate the established results. The central objective of this research is to provide a more comprehensive framework for generalizing classical results in the context of super-metric space.
Synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose-β∼cyclodextrin-coated sulfaguanidine and its enhanced antimicrobial efficacy for paper protection
Authors: Li Yuxuan , Li Hua , Chen Xiaoshuang
Published: February 2025

To enhance the strength and antimicrobial properties of paper cultural relics, and prolong the life of paper cultural relics, it is an urgent need to prepare new material for preservation and protection of paper. In this paper, CMC-β-CD-SG was synthesized with β-CD as carrier and sulfaguanidine as inclusion complex, the suitable conditions for the synthesis of CMC-β-CD-sulfaguanidine was obtained. By testing the effects of different mass concentrations of sulfaguanidine solution on the tensile strength, tearing degree, folding times, whiteness, gloss and antimicrobial properties of the paper, the suitable conditions for coating paper were found. The results show that when inclusion mass concentration of 3 mg/mL is coated on the paper, its mechanical properties are improved, the gloss is slightly increased, and the whiteness is basically unchanged. At the same time, the paper has certain antimicrobial properties, which is in line with the principle of “repairing the old as old”. CMC-β∼CD-SG studied in this paper exhibits properties of reinforcing, slow-releasing and antimicrobial activity for paper protection, which is an innovation of paper protection material, provides the theoretical basis and data reference, as well as a new research idea and technical approach for the development of products for paper protection.
The first pottery in the Arabian Gulf: origins, production and distribution
Authors: Smogorzewska Anna
Published: February 2025

The earliest pottery vessels in the Arabian Gulf, appearing in the mid-sixth millennium BC, belong to two distinct traditions: Ubaid Ware was imported from Mesopotamia, but the origins of the Coarse Red Ware have remained obscure. Geochemical examination of pottery from Bahra 1, in modern-day Kuwait, and geological samples from the surrounding area reveal a regional origin for the clay. Further exploration of the Bahra 1 assemblage indicates that Coarse Red Ware was probably made at the site by low-skilled potters. This research provides insights into the organisation of pottery production and distribution in the Arabian Neolithic.
An Expert Understanding of the Single-Session Mindset
Authors: Porter Samuel , Pitt Tim , Eubank Martin , Butt Joanne , Thomas Owen
Published: February 2025

Following Moshe Talmon's (1990) ground-breaking work on single-session therapy, the philosophy and practice of single-session therapy has expanded across the world. Critically, and regardless of context and approach, single-session therapists support adopting a “single-session mindset” (Cannistrà, 2022; Hoyt et al., 2020). Our study sought to clarify expert's understanding of this mindset with empirical evidence. Ten world leading figures in single-session therapy were interviewed against this aim. Reflexive thematic analysis highlighted a single-session mindset is founded upon nine core beliefs and seventeen attitudes that are intentionally embraced, before and during single-session work. This mindset aligns the therapist and client towards the possibility of creating change within a single session. The findings provide empirical clarity on the concept of the single-session mindset, offering valuable insights for practitioners attempting to implement brief methods into practice and for trainers who are helping others to do so.
Are You Safe or Should I Go? How Perceived Trustworthiness and Probability of a Sexual Transmittable Infection Impact Activation of the Salience Network
Authors: Wolber Alexander , Schmidt Stephanie N. L. , Rockstroh Brigitte , Mier Daniela
Published: February 2025

Functional imaging studies indicate that both the assessment of a person as untrustworthy and the assumption that a person has a sexually transmitted infection are associated with activation in regions of the salience network. However, studies are missing that combine these aspects and investigate the perceived trustworthiness of individuals previously assessed with high or low probability of a sexually transmitted infection. During fMRI measurements, 25 participants viewed photographs of people preclassified as having high or low HIV probability and judged their trustworthiness. In a postrating, stimuli were rated for trustworthiness, attractiveness, and HIV probability. Persons preclassified as HIV− in contrast to those preclassified as HIV+ were rated more trustworthy and with lower HIV probability. Activation in medial orbitofrontal cortex was higher for those rated and preclassified as HIV− than HIV+. Based on the individual ratings, but not the preclassification, there was significantly higher activation in the insula, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, and nucleus accumbens in response to untrustworthy than to trustworthy faces. Activation of the salience network occurred when a person was judged as untrustworthy, but not according to a preclassification. Activation in the medial orbitofrontal cortex, a structure associated with reward, was enhanced when a person was perceived as trustworthy and also when a person was preclassified with low HIV probability. Our findings suggest that trustworthiness and HIV− perception have consistency across samples, while the perception of risk and associated activation of the salience network has restricted cross-sample consistency.
Research perspectives on historical legacy of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.): Genes as the silent actor in the transformation of the Central European forests in the last 200 years
Authors: Przybylski Paweł , Związek Tomasz , Kowalczyk Jan , Słowiński Michał
Published: February 2025

The environmental changes that have occurred on our globe in the last few hundred years affect practically every element of the environment. One of the main elements of this matrix is forest areas. A key aspect of describing the transformation period in forest management is to illustrate the long-term consequences of the environmental changes which humans have caused and continue to cause. The objective of our study is not only to discuss the interactions and changes occurring in the genetic resources of the primary forest-forming species in Polish forests but, more importantly, to demonstrate how past decisions can influence events in the near or distant future. In the context of forest research, it is essential to clarify that the lifespan of a tree has no relation to the lifespan of a human being. This simple fact not only influences the life cycle of individual stands and the mechanisms of timber mass production but, above all, highlights that we are hostage to the decisions (and knowledge) of our ancestors, who managed the forests according to the ideas of the Enlightenment. In this essay, we emphasize an element we believe is underrepresented in the discourse on forest transformations in the 19th and 20th centuries: forest genetic resources, which are fundamental to the resilience and adaptation of managed forests in response to ongoing climate change.
La cara oculta del repertorio de Alarcón. Propuestas de incorporación de dos comedias nuevas: «El vencido vencedor» y «La lealtad en la traición»
Authors: Vega García-Luengos Germán
Published: February 2025

Entre los repertorios de los dramaturgos importantes del Siglo de Oro, el de Ruiz de Alarcón se ha considerado como el más reducido, definido y estable. Recientemente, estas características se han visto afectadas con la incorporación de nuevas comedias. En el presente trabajo se proponen dos candidatas más a engrosarlo: El vencido vencedor y La lealtad en la traición. Ambas se han conservado en manuscritos e impresos antiguos en los que se atribuyen a Lope de Vega, y a su nombre se han publicado en la colección académica. Su redireccionamiento hacia el escritor mexicano ha recibido el primer impulso de los análisis de estilometría léxica realizados por el proyecto ETSO sobre 2850 textos de cerca de 350 autores. La clara afinidad con sus usos puso en marcha una investigación rigurosa de los diferentes factores que la filología ha tenido en cuenta ante los problemas de autoría: documentos, fuentes primarias, métrica, localización de estilemas, de paralelismos en palabras, imágenes e ideas, entre otros, con resultados consistentes que favorecen a Alarcón.
Evaluating sampling uncertainty in the quantitative 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of lignin
Authors: Pawade Shrikant Shivaji , Toom Lauri , Herodes Koit , Leito Ivo
Published: February 2025

In recent years, lignin analysis utilizing quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) has attracted considerable interest and has been the subject of numerous studies. However, evaluating the measurement uncertainty of qNMR results of lignin remains a challenge. Specifically, uncertainty originating from lignin sampling or subsampling has been overlooked in a large majority of articles. Although lignin is a reasonably homogeneous substance, it is nevertheless a solid, and individual samples collected from the same bulk may have somewhat different compositions depending on mixing and the amount of sample taken. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of sampling uncertainty on qNMR analysis of lignin-based analysis as a case study, with an exclusive focus on the relative quantification method. The results from this study demonstrate that sample-to-sample variations can contribute to approximately half of the variability in actual qNMR measurements. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of sample-to-sample variability was 2.4%. In contrast, the other sources of variability related to qNMR, including measurement, baseline irregularities, and partial peak overlap, caused an RSD of 4.4%. The total variability RSD was 5.0%. In this article, two calculation approaches were presented for evaluating the uncertainty due to sampling from replicate measurement data of different samples, which may be helpful for practitioners in the field.
Non-destructive testing of the quality of wooden columns in Zeng Jingyi’s ancient wooden structures
Authors: Yang Jing , Wu Shaojie , Fang Yingcai , Xu Benhuan , Wang Zheng
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on the wooden columns of a historic residential structure to assess their integrity. Employing non-invasive computed tomography (CT) scanning, the internal integrity of these ancient wooden supports was examined. Stress wave analysis, pilot nail testing, and assessments of static bending and compressive mechanical performance were performed to validate and compare the data. The findings revealed substantial variability in the material quality across the columns’ cross-sections, suggesting a loss of mechanical integrity that renders them unsafe for habitation or public access. A comparison between the CT scan outcomes for the Masson’s pine columns and the stress wave data from the dismantled counterparts confirmed a marked degradation in their mechanical characteristics, rendering them unfit for use. The CT scan findings align with the pilot nail test results, both accurately pinpointing the condition and precise locations of defects within the columns. The static mechanical performance tests substantiated the precision and dependability of the CT scanning, pilot nail testing, and stress wave analysis in evaluating the wooden columns’ quality. This research aims to establish a scientific foundation for employing diverse non-destructive testing methods in the preservation and strengthening of traditional wooden structures, thereby safeguarding our cultural heritage.