bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Ocimum gratissimum (L.) extracts and essential oil - A critical review
Authors: Ashokkumar Kaliyaperumal , Pandian Arjun , Murugan Muthusamy , Dhanya M K , Vellaikumar Sampathrajan
Published: March 2024

The plant Ocimum gratissimum is well-known from the ancient Indian medicine system. O. gratissimum has wide variety of therapeutic applications. Folk medicine says that it can help with headaches, fevers, diarrhoea, pneumonia, and other ailments. O. gratissimum contains several bioactive constituents widely used as food additives, food colorants, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and fragrances. This review discusses up to this point data on the phytochemical composition, pharmacological studies of Ocimum gratissimum extracts and oil from numerous locations worldwide. Pertinent data of O. gratissimum was earned from numerous electronic scientific databases, and additional information was obtained from books, thesis and different relevant websites. The yield of the O. gratissimum essential oil (OGEO) varied between 0.12% and 1.66% on a dry basis, depending on the variety, plant parts and extraction methods used. OGEO was predominantly accumulated phenylpropenes, (55.7%-57.3%) followed by sesquiterpenes (27.5%-38.1%), and monoterpenes (4.0%-16.1%). Eugenol, germacrene-D, ocimene, 1,8-cineole, selinene, caryophyllene, murolene, cymene, thymol, terpinene, thujene and myrcene are major constituents of OGEO from various origins. These compounds are chief bioactive substances responsible for pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, gastrointestinal, insecticidal, and larvicidal activities.
Identification of Relatively More Efficient and Productive Cropping System in Varying Potential Agro-ecologies of Central Tanzania
Authors: Wabwire Simon , Chilagane Luseko Amos , Msuya Dunstan Gabriel
Published: March 2024

The experiment was conducted in the varying potential sub agro-ecologies of Kongwa and Kiteto districts in Central Tanzania during the 2019-2020 cropping season to identify the relatively more efficient and productive cropping system. Results showed that in the high sub ecology, Pigeon pea - Sorghum intercrop had the highest Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) of 1.59. In the moderate, Pigeon pea - Groundnut highest LER value was 1.65, and in the low sub ecology, Pigeon pea - Pearl millet highest LER value was 2.36 compared to LER values of 1.00 for the respective sole crops, which indicated the superiority of intercropping over monoculture. The above findings revealed that increased productivity could be achieved through intercropping. Therefore, it could be concluded that Pigeon pea- Sorghum, Pigeon pea- Groundnut and Pigeon pea- Pearl millet are the more efficient and productive cropping systems in the high, moderate and low sub ecologies, respectively.
Evaluation of the growth and grain yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in Ekpoma, Nigeria
Authors: Omoregie Anthony Uhunomwan , Nwajei Sunday , Oviarobo Cynthia Amen
Published: March 2024

A field study was carried out during the 2019 cropping season to evaluate the growth and grain yield performance of five varieties of sorghum viz: Samaru local red, Samsorg 42, Samsorg 45, Samsorg 46 and Samsorg 47 at the Teaching and Research Farm, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State. The design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. Growth parameters as well as grain yield and yield related data were collected. The result obtained revealed that there were significant differences on the growth and grain yield characters among the five varieties of sorghum. However, Samsorg 42 had the highest plant height (254.60 cm), number of leaves/plant (13.62); while Samsorg 45 had the least plant height (144.41 cm) and number of leaves/plant (6.37). Samsorg 46 variety had the highest days to 50% flowering and maturity. Samsorg 42 had the highest number of seeds/panicle (3600), weight of 1000 seeds (17.25 g) and grain yield (1529.00kg/ha); while Samsorg 45 had the least number of seeds/panicle (1561.00), weight of 1000 seeds (12.00 g) and grain yield (633.00 kg/ha). In terms of growth and yield, Samsorg 42 was found to be more suitable among the varieties evaluated in this zone. However, further studies should be carried out on the appropriate time of planting since the sorghum crop is sensitive to photoperiod.
Establishment of procedure to evaluate soybean for various temperature regimes at seedling stage
Authors: Naurin Iram , Abbas Syed Hussam Abbas , Athar Muhammad Hamza , Hussain Ehtisham , Yar Muhammad Shaher , Saeed Muhammad Usama
Published: March 2024

Soybean is a legume crop and it has importance for both of its products, bean and oil. The bean of soybean contains many sorts of minerals and vitamins, while Soy oil contains various dietary minerals and used for various raw use and cooking purposes. But the major constraints of soybean production are linked with its germination and emergence which is mainly affected by soil moisture and temperature conditions. To identify the optimum temperature of soybean plant germination and adaptive variety for Pakistani regions, a seedling stage experiment was conducted in the chickpea laboratory of University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. Basic purpose of this experiment was to establish the procedure for soybean cultivation to gain profitable yield and it was carried to focus on growth and development in both shoot and roots of the plant sown in specific temperature. Controlled uniform conditions of two different temperature treatments i.e., 25°C and 30°C were maintained and four local genotypes (NARC, Faisal, Ajmeri and Rawal-1) were used. These genotypes showed improved extensive shoot morphology of the plant, while the root morphology remained unaffected.
Prevalence of major sucking pests on black pepper, Piper nigrum L. in relation to weather parameters
Authors: Sathyan Thiravidamani , Dhanya M K , Murugan Muthusamy , Ashokkumar Kaliyaperumal , Surya Raj
Published: March 2024

Studies were carried out on the prevalence of sucking pests in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) during 2013-2015 in ten fixed plots, at five different localities in Idukki District, Kerala, located within a radius of 25 km from the meteorological observatory of the Cardamom Research Station, Pampadumpara. The incidence of Liothrips karnyi was noticed from January to June and declined thereafter up to November. From January to May, the highest Lepidosaphes piperis population was observed, which was positively connected to maximum temperature and sunshine hours and negatively related to morning relative humidity and rainfall. Ferrisia virgata was prominent from January to April, and it was significantly and favourably related to sunshine hours while being adversely related to morning relative humidity. Weather conditions were responsible for 49–71%, 51%, and 34%–47% of thrips, scales, and mealybug incidences, respectively. As a result, meteorological conditions had a substantial impact on the location and quantity of sucking pest populations on black pepper.
Poultry manure and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi remediation of sodium chloride induced substrate salinity for Pepper production
Authors: Akpeji Stephanie Clara , Ossai Chukwunalu , Oroghe O E
Published: March 2024

Pepper (Capsicum annum) is an important spice in the world, but the production is constrained by soil salinity. Hence, this study aims to explore the use of organic manure and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi in reducing the soil saline state for pepper cultivation. Two genotypes of cherry pepper were planted in the following treatment combinations; Cocopeat + poultry manure, Cocopeat + 10 mg/ml NaCL, 10 mg/ml NaCL + 250 g/4kg cocopeat, 10 mg/ml NaCL + 250 g/4kg cocopeat + 5 g of AMF, Cocopeat + 20 mg/ml NaCL, 20 mg/ml NaCL + 250 g/4kg cocopeat and 20 mg/ml NaCL + 250 g/4kg cocopeat + 5 g of AMF. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The agronomic and yield parameters were collected and analysed using ANOVA and means were separated using DMRT at 5% significance level. Results obtained showed that the tallest plants, highest number of nodes, number of fruits and fruit weight (kg) were observed in the control (14.85±0.49), (20.50±0.68), (8.67±0.52) and (1.38±0.08), respectively, although they were not significantly different from the addition of 250 g of poultry manure and 5 g of AMF to 4 kg cocopeat substrate.
Yield Advantage of Elite Cereal and Legume Genotypes in Varying Potential Agro-ecologies of Central Tanzania
Authors: Wabwire Simon , Chilagane Luseko Amos , Msuya Dunstan Gabriel
Published: March 2024

Ten elite genotypes in total (of groundnut, pigeon pea, sorghum and pearl millet) and four local checks (one for each crop) were used in the study to identify legume and cereal genotypes of higher productivity in the varying potential agro-ecologies. The experiments were established following an incomplete randomized block design with two farmers selected per sub agro-ecology as replications. Combined analysis of variance over locations was carried out for grain yield and yield components. The results showed significant differences among groundnut and pearl millet genotypes tested for grain yield while for pigeon pea and sorghum genotypes the differences were insignificant. Genotype ICGV-SM 05650 of groundnut had the highest grain yield of 2105.08 kg ha-1, whereas the lowest grain yield of 1538.87 kg ha-1 was recorded in ICGV-SM 02724 in the high potential agro-ecology. Pearl millet genotype IP 8774 ranked highest in terms of yield performance (1049.4 kg ha-1) and the local check had the lowest yield of 388.9 kg ha-1. Though non-significant differences among genotypes tested for grain yield were observed in pigeon pea and sorghum genotypes however, pigeon pea genotype ICEAP 00040 had a slightly higher grain yield of 779.17 kg ha-1 and sorghum genotype GAMBELLA 1107 outperformed the other genotypes with grain yield of 1420.8 kg ha-1. Genotypes ICGV-SM 05650, ICEAP 00040, GAMBELLA 1107 and IP8774 were therefore recommended for deployment in these varying potential agro-ecologies due to their superior performance in terms of grain yield.
Soil Quality and Soil Health: A mini-review
Authors: Katiyar Drishty , Sachan Ravindra , Jat Lali
Published: March 2024

As a living system, soil health and quality sustain not just the soil's biological products, but also the environment and human health. Soil health is the concept of a healthy environment based on interactions between plant inputs and soil. Negative effects on soil health, soil pollutants, and soil loss strategies are becoming rare in growing countries. This study will examine methods to improve soil health practices and data security while reducing negative implications on agricultural output and long-term sustainability.
Bio-Efficacy of Fusarium humuli and Fusarium incarnatum (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) Against Larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Under Controlled Conditions
Authors: Nkuwi Emmanuel Itambu , Rwegasira Gration Mutashoberwa , Chilagane Luseko Amos
Published: March 2024

Spodoptera frugiperda has impaired the productivity of staple crops in Tanzania since it was first reported in 2017. The overutilization of synthetic insecticides as an immediate remedy has led to new ecological problems along effects on public health. Using entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) is perceived as a safer way, and therefore, Fusarium incarnatum (Vw3) and Fusarium humuli (Vw5) from the SUA germplasm collection were tested against S. frugiperda larvae at levelled concentrations; C1, C2 and C3  alongside 0.1% Triton X-100 and Banophos 720 EC (20 ml/20 L) as negative (C-) and positive (C+) controls, respectively. The findings showed C+ inflicted the highest death rates (84% and 97% for Vw3 and Vw5, respectively), followed by C1 (48.8% and 55.5% for Vw3 and Vw5, respectively) and C2 (22.2%, 28.8% for Vw3 and Vw5, respectively). Moreover, C3 inflicted mortalities by 11.1% and 12.2% for Vw3 and Vw5 respectively, while C- inflicted mortalities by 7.7% and 1.1% for Vw3 and Vw5, respectively. Significant differences were observed in concentrations and ages of the insects. However, more studies are recommended to validate their safety and compatibility with other IPM components prior to qualifying the EPF for the control of S. frugiperda.
Assessment of Traditional and Modern Rice Varieties for Salt Tolerance at Early Growth Stages
Authors: Ashokkumar Kaliyaperumal , Kowsalya M , Vivekanandhan S , Jothika J , Sivakumar P
Published: March 2024

The germination and early growth stages of eight rice varieties, including popular traditional varieties from Tamil Nadu, were studied at 0 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM, and 250 mM of NaCl concentrations. Data were analyzed statistically for germination percentage, plumule length, root length, shoot length, and total seedling length at 7 DAS (days after sown). Lower magnitude values for the varieties of final germination percentage (FGP) and germination energy (GE) % led to reductions in the shoot and root length in all varieties. The magnitude of the reduction increased with increasing stability stress. Rice varieties TRY 1 (84%), ADT 45 (71%), and Thuyamalli (71%) showed a more significant germination percentage at 250 mM salt concentration. However, in 200 mM salt concentration, Mappilai samba had recorded higher seedling length (3.3 cm) followed by Aathur kitchali samba (2.5 cm), ADT 45 (2.5cm), TRY 1 (2.2 cm), and other varieties were had lower total seedling length. The result revealed that Mappilai samba, Aathur kitchali samba, ADT 45, and TRY 1 might be utilized to research salinity's effects on growth processes and physiological effects at advanced growth stages.
Evaluation of effective bacterial isolates for their plant growth promoting (PGP) activities in chickpea
Authors: Kumar Sonal , Tiwari T K S , Nirmalkar V K
Published: March 2024

Chickpea is mainly used for human consumption; a small proportion forms part of animal and poultry feed. Chickpea growing area contributes about 30 % of total pulse acreage and about 40 % of the total pulse production of the country. Inoculation with bacterial isolates revealed that germination percentage in all the treatments, including control, exhibited 100 per cent in vitro. After 96 hours of incubation, maximum root length (cm) was recorded in isolate BI 43 (3.43) followed by BI 31 (3.33), BI 78 (3.27), BI 68 (3.23), BI 36 (2.75), which were statistically at par with themselves.
Effect of Fertilization on Economic Production of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench) in Uyo, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Udoh E I
Published: March 2024

The present study examined how fertilizer affects okra's economic productivity. The experiment was replicated three times using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The treatments included two rates of inorganic fertilizers (100kg/ha NPK and 200kg/ha NPK), three rates of organic fertilizers (poultry manure-Pm) (5, 7.5, and 10 t/ha), and one control (no fertilizer). Analysis of variance was performed using collected data. At 5% probability, significant means were compared with the least significant difference. Results demonstrated significant okra growth and production differences. In both cropping seasons, 10 t/ha Pm increased okra fruit yield to 15.15 and 15.20 t/ha and fruit number to 22.94 and 22.85. In 2021 and 2022 cropping seasons, 7.5t/ha of Poultry manure (PM) yielded 14.81 and 14.91 t/ha fruits, whereas 200kg/ha yielded 12.98 and 13.40 t/ha. The control treatment produced the lowest fruit yield, 3.55 and 3.54 t/ha in both cropping seasons. The treatment of 7.5t/ha PM had the highest economic returns to management; N 1,068,350 and N 1,273,700 with a cost-benefit ratio of 3.09 and 3.47, respectively while the least; N 26,550 and N 65,000 with 0.09 and 0.2 cost-benefit ratio, respectively was recorded in the control treatment. Treatment of 7.5t/ha was recommended for higher yield and economic production of okra in Uyo, southeastern Nigeria.
Prevalence of Aspergillus flavus in maize-cultivated soils of Zanzibar
Authors: Mohamed Khamis Maulid , Rwegasira Gration , Suleiman Rashid
Published: March 2024

Aspergillus flavus is known to infect maize while still in the field, resulting in contaminations that culminate into Aflatoxins in stored grains. Aflatoxins are reported to cause cancer, liver diseases, and death in humans. Determination of the levels of A. flavus in soils used for the production of maize in Zanzibar was still being determined despite the confirmed report on the occurrence of the contaminant in the soils. The present study quantified the A. flavus population in fields under maize cultivation in Zanzibar. The population of fungi isolates varied significantly (p<0.05) in different locations. Both A. flavus S-strain and L-strain were highly abundant in Bumbwisudi (5.767/g, 5.833/g) compared to other sites. They were lowest at Kiwani (0.567/g, 0.7/g) and Kibondeni (1.2/g, 0.867/g), A. niger was abundant at Kisauni (2.867/g) and lowest at Nyamazi (0.267/g) while A. parasiticus was abundant at Kisauni (2.633/g) and lowest at Mkokotoni (0.267/g). Fusarium spp. was highly abundant at Kitope (5.733/g) followed by Nyamazi (5.433/g), Mkokotoni (5.3/g), Bambi (5.267/g), Umbuji (5.2/g), Kisauni (5.133/g) while the lowest counts were at Bumbwisudi (0.7/g), Chimba (0.867/g), Kibondeni (1.133/g) and Kiwani (1.367/g). The results suggest that Aspergillus flavus will threaten maize production in Zanzibar.
Field management practices and altitudes drive the abundance of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in cultivated cucurbit crops in Morogoro, Tanzania
Authors: Kibulei Ernest , Kabota Sija , Kudra Abdul
Published: March 2024

Ladybird beetles are helpful insects in agricultural ecosystems affected by locally accepted agroecological techniques. Conventional farming practices are known to harm these insects, which led to the exploration of agroecology as an alternative.  From May to November 2021, yellow pan traps, hand picking, and hand netting were utilised in cultivated cucurbits such as Cucumis sativus, Citrullus lanatus, and Cucurbita moschata. The study found 222 ladybird beetles from nine genera and twelve species. The plateau had 64.9% ladybirds, 46.4% in conventional fields, and 18.47% in agroecological fields. Mountain fields supplied 35.1%, conventional fields 24.77%, and agroecological fields 10.36%. Conventional plateau fields favoured Cheilomenes sulphurea, while agroecological fields selected Hippodamia variegata. Cheilomenes lunata dominated traditional fields in mountainous areas and agroecological fields. Ladybird beetles were more abundant in conventional fields across all seasons and agroecological zones, which were influenced by seasons, management strategies, and elevations. The present study found negative associations between ladybird abundance and maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean temperature, number of flowers, and relative humidity. Mountainous precipitation increased ladybird abundance. This study shows how management practises, agroecological zones, and seasons affect ladybird populations, which can inform pest management strategies in agricultural systems and help conserve beneficial ladybird beetles.
Impact of spices and aromatic plants on the growth and mycotoxin production in fungi
Authors: Banso A , Dachi S , Ajewole A E , Etsu-Musa N , Ajayi M A
Published: March 2024

Spices and aromatic plants have antioxidant, and antibacterial qualities to extend food shelf life and quality. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) identified mycotoxins in experimental fungus in this study. The mycotoxin analysis showed that Aspergillus terreus, A. nidulans, and F. oxysporum produced aflatoxin B1, G1, and ochratoxin with retention factors of 0.46, 0.48, and 0.56, respectively. The mycelial dry weight method assessed extract inhibition of experimental fungus. Clove extract inhibited fungal proliferation at higher concentrations, reducing mycotoxin generation. As clove extract concentration grew from 10mg/ml to 40mg/ml, A. nidulans mycelia multiplication decreased from 8% to 98%. As extract concentration increased from 10mg/ml to 50mg/ml, F. oxysporum decreased ranged from 53% to 100%. Celery and basil leaf extracts followed similar trends. As extract concentration grew from 10mg/ml to 50mg/ml, aflatoxin and ochratoxin generation were inhibited by 25% to 100% and 57% to 100%, respectively. These extracts may inhibit aflatoxin-producing fungi.
Effect of fertilizer, planting density and variety on growth and yield of stem cuttings of cassava
Authors: Mashuubu Yassin , Mourice Sixbert , Kudra Abdul , Baijukya Freddy
Published: March 2024

The shortage of cassava stem cuttings presents a significant constraint to cassava production in Kilosa district, Tanzania. To address this issue, a field experiment was conducted within the research plots of TARI Ilonga, Kilosa, to evaluate the impact of fertilizer application, planting density, and variety on cassava stem cutting yield. Employing a split-split plot design in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), the experiment featured variety, planting density, and rates of fertilizer combinations as main, sub, and sub-sub factors, respectively. The study focused on three improved varieties of cassava (Kiroba, Chereko, and Mkuranga 1), with planting densities of 10,000, 13,000, and 20,000 plants per hectare, and ten fertilizer treatment rates. Data collected encompassed soil physico-chemical characteristics of the site, total plant height, stem height, stem diameter, number of stem cuttings, and nodes per stem cutting. Analysis of the plant data involved variance analysis, with significant treatments distinguished using Tukey’s honesty significance test (p<0.05). Notably, the application of 150 kg N ha-1 resulted in statistically higher total plant height and stem height, while a planting density of 20,000 plants ha-1 combined with the Kiroba variety exhibited statistically higher numbers of stem cuttings ha-1. The study concludes that for effective stem multiplication, a planting density of 20,000 plants ha-1 and the application of N fertilizers at a rate of 150 kg N ha-1 are recommended.
Evaluation of salinity tolerance in Tamil Nadu and Kerala's popular traditional rice varieties during germination and early growth stages
Authors: Vivekanandhan S , Karuppanan T , Ashokkumar Kaliyaperumal
Published: March 2024

Rice is a key food crop worldwide. Drought, salinity, and flooding stress are the most common abiotic stresses in rice crops, and they result in large production losses each year. The present study aimed to assess the salinity tolerance in the early growth phases of 14 rice varieties, including local varieties from the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala were investigated at NaCl concentrations of 0 mM (control), 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM, and 250 mM. Salt tolerance was examined in selected varieties using the Petri plate method in a controlled environment (24 ± 2 ºC) in a plant growth chamber. At 7 days after sowing (DAS), data were statistically analysed for germination percentage, root length, branch length, and total seedling length. The vigour index is also determined for seven DAS seedlings. Lower magnitude values in germination percentage, root length, shoot length, and total seedling length resulted in shorter shoot and root lengths across all kinds. At 250 mM NaCl, Karunguruvai had the highest germination percentage (85%), followed by TPS-5 (50%). Furthermore, at 150 mM NaCl concentration, the traditional rice variety karunguruvai showed 100% seed germination, followed by mappilai samba and TPS-5 (90%), arupatham kuruvai (85%), and pongar (80%). At a 250 mM NaCl solution, karunguruvai exhibits much better rates of root and shoot growth than other types. As a result, the current study suggests that Karunguruvai could be utilised to further investigate salinity's effect on growth processes and physiological repercussions at an advanced stage of development.
Delegation of Authority from Dentists to Dental and Oral Therapists in Performing Medical Actions From a Legal Perspective
Authors: Ni Made Witari Dewi
Published: March 2024

Legal protection for the dental and oral therapist profession in carrying out medical actions is often less of a concern because in certain circumstances dental and oral therapists take actions that are not under their authority but are the authority of the dentist. Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 20 of 2016 concerning Permits and Implementation of the Practice of Dental and Oral Therapists, among others, regulates the competence and authority of dental and oral therapists in medical procedures. So the researchers focused on the problem, namely how is the delegation of authority from dentists to dental and oral therapists in carrying out medical actions? The method used in this study is a normative research method and the problem approach used is the applicable law approach and the conceptual approach. The results of the discussion found that the delegation of authority of dentists to dental and oral therapists in medical actions viewed from a legal perspective is that dentists can delegate a medical or dental action to nurses, midwives or certain other health workers in writing in carrying out medical or medical actions. tooth. This is clearly stated in Ministerial Regulation Number 2052 of 2011 concerning Practice Licenses and Implementation of Medical Practices. In Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 20 of 2016 concerning Permits and Implementation of Dental and Oral Therapist Practices, dental and oral therapists can carry out services under the supervision of a mandated delegation of authority from dentists. The two legal umbrellas can certainly make understanding and legal protection for dentists and dental and oral therapists in carrying out medical actions.
Return of State Financial Losses on Corruption Crimes
Authors: Hidayatun Indriyani
Published: March 2024

Corruption is an act of enriching oneself or prioritizing personal interests. Corruption can harm many parties, both society and the state. Corruption is a threat to the ideals of a just and prosperous society. Based on Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001, it is explained that the return of state funds or losses has been confirmed not to eliminate the conviction of perpetrators of corruption. Even though the perpetrator of the corruption crime has returned the state finances that he had corrupted before the court decision was handed down, the legal process is still ongoing because the crime has occurred. However, the return of corrupted state finances can be one of the factors that ease the sentence for the defendant when the judge makes a decision.
Patient Legal Protection Against Pharmacists Negligence in Drug Information Services at Pharmacies
Authors: Ni Made Witari Dewi
Published: March 2024

Legal protection for patients due to negligence of pharmacists in providing drug information at pharmacies has received less attention because patients consider errors in providing drug information cannot be legally sued. Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 73 of 2016 concerning Pharmaceutical Service Standards in Pharmacies explains that pharmacists when handing over drugs to patients are accompanied by the provision of drug information. Patients are consumers who consume goods and or services from pharmacists in the form of drugs. Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection explains that consumers have the right to correct, clear, and honest information regarding the conditions and guarantees of goods and/or services. So the researchers focused on the problem, namely what is the form of legal protection for patients against pharmacist negligence in drug information services at pharmacies? and how to solve problems between patients and pharmacists in drug information services at pharmacies?. The method used in this study is a normative research method and the problem approach used is the applicable law approach and the conceptual approach. The results of the discussion found that the forms of legal protection that can be taken by patients are preventive legal protection and repressive legal protection. Legal remedies that can be taken by patients are through mediation, if the mediation is not resolved, then the patient can sue the pharmacist in court or out of court.
Party Simplification Model in Indonesia (Strengthening The Presidential System) and The Presidential Election System in the United States
Authors: Lis Firanti Soedjono  , Brendon Neese
Published: March 2024

Elections are a process of electing to fill certain political positions, such as presidents, vice presidents, people's representatives at various levels of government, to the simplest or the least of the village heads. From this perspective of Constitutional Law, direct popular vote is conducted within the period of office in an organization of the state. Then speaking of the election inevitably must be placed within the framework of the principle of people's sovereignty, because the election itself is a manifestation of people's participation that is central to the principle of people's sovereignty or democracy. Its means of political participation of the community to participate in determining public policy. To limit the number of political parties, many methods have been used, such as the electoral threshold and parliamentary threshold. However, the various models used have not been fully effective. In this paper the author will share his views regarding the party simplification model in Indonesia with the aim of strengthening the presidential system. This research article will examine how the ideal model is to simplify parties in Indonesia in the general election system in Indonesia. In addition, this research will discuss the presidential election system in the United States
Analysis of Recognition from the Perspective of International Law and Implementation of Public Policies in Indonesia and Myanmar
Authors: Ni Made Diana Kencana Putri
Published: March 2024

Human rights are a universal issue that is of concern to the international community. The countries of Indonesia and Myanmar certainly have a historical record of quite large human rights violations, so it is very important to know and learn about the recognition of human rights between the two countries and the implementation of public policies related to human rights in these two countries, namely Indonesia and Myanmar. This study aims to analyze, discuss, and provide an overview or view of the differences in the recognition of human rights between Indonesia and Myanmar from the perspective of international law, while also analyzing the implementation of public policies related to rules and laws regarding human rights. human rights in both countries through legislative mechanisms and public policy practices, especially in Indonesia and Myanmar. The method used in this study is a normativelegal method with data analysis techniques through literature studies, collecting information from various sources, including reports from international and national human rights organizations, academic publications, journals, and other information sources related to human rights. The main findings show that there are several differences in the recognition of human rights between Indonesia and Myanmar based on international conventions on human rights.In addition, the implementation of rules or laws on human rights in both countries also has its own challenges, such as the weak protection system for victims of human rights violations and local cultural factors. The conclusion of this research is that, despite progress in implementing international standards on human rights in Indonesia and Myanmar, there are still some challenges that need to be overcome. Therefore, there is a need for further efforts from the government and civil society to increase the recognition and protection of human rights in the two countries. This research provides a deeper understanding of comparative human rights in Indonesia and Myanmar, as well as valuable insights for efforts to improve and protect human rights in both countries.
IMPLEMENTING FLIPPED LEARNING THROUGH ZOOM AND GOOGLE CLASSROOM IN UNIVERSITY IN BALI DURING COVID- 19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Gede Irwandika  , Ni Made Verayanti Utami  , Ni Nyoman Deni Ariyaningsih  , Gede Dharma Arya Wicaksana
Published: March 2024

Covid-19 Pandemic brought many changes of human life, including education. This study aimed to describe the implementation flipped learning through Zoom and Google Classroom in University in Bali during Covid-19 pandemic.This study was an descriptive study which was conducted in one of the universities in Bali in academic year 2019/2020 by using two research instruments, namely observation and interview. The result showed google Classroom was optimized in giving instruction or materials to the students via comment to make the instruction became accessible to all students. Then, Zoom meeting was used for class discussion after learning at home from instruction on Google Classroom. Some problems were occurred such as internet connection and limited non-verbal responses. However, In teacher’s perspective, flipped learning is really helpful because the teacher just need to give the material and instruction to students at home in Google Classroom and then at class discussion on Zoom, the teacher just need to act as facilitator.
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS OF THE CROSS CULTURE RESEARCH
Authors: I Gede Nika Wirawan
Published: March 2024

The analysis is based on three hypotheses which is not correlated one other. There are three hypothesis used in this research. The first one is the economic explanation, the second one is cultural values, and the last one is cognitive explanation. The first hypothesis (economic explanation) is not reliable if we combine to the third hypothesis (cognitive explanation) because those theories overlap each other. Theory of economic explanation mentions that there is a positive relationship between the economic health of cities and helping people. It means that the healthier of the economic condition in one city would affect the positively in the behavior of the people in helping the other people. So, we would expect that the rich city which has an excellent economic condition would have a tendency in helping the others. Meanwhile the theory of cognitive explanation mentions that the people in the country which have a high walking speed would tend not to help the others since everybody is busy with their own business and have a lack of time to help the people in the street.
SHIFT OF NOUN PHRASE FOUND IN BILINGUAL TEXT “TALES FROM DJAKARTA”
Authors: Dewa Made Agustawan  , Ririn Tasumbey
Published: March 2024

This study aims to analyze the shift of noun phrase implemented in bilingual text “Tales from Djakarta” and their translation. This study used the theory that is proposed by Catford (1965) which divided the shift in translation into two major types, which is level shift and category shift. This study used descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data found in the story “Tales from Djakarta”. The analyzed was started with the types of shifts in translation found in the data source. The findings indicate that there are two types of shifts in translation of noun phrase found in the story “Tales from Djakarta”. They are structure shift and category shift.
AN ANALYSIS OF USING CODE MIXING FOUND IN INDONESIAN TRANSLATION ORGANIZATION MAGAZINE
Authors: I Made Juliarta
Published: March 2024

This study analyzed about the types of code mixing found in the Indonesian Translator organization magazine. The study analyzed about the types and levels of code mixing found in the Indonesian magazine. Intra-sentential code mixing is called as the appearance of a phrase, clause, or a sentence boundary in the utterance of someone. This study applied descriptive qualitative method in analyzing data. Indonesian Translation organization magazine is used as the data source in analyzing data. In collecting data, the researcher applied documentation method. This study applied content analysis that focused on analyzing the types of code mixing defined by Hoffman and the levels of code mixing stated by Suwito.  Intra sentential code mixing in the form of word and phrase are found in the data source. It can be seen that there were 7 data of intra sentential code mixing in the form of word found in the data source. Moreover, there were 11 data of intra sentential code mixing in the form of phrases that were found in the data source.
The analysis of Task Based Learning in improving the pronunciation of the English language learner
Authors: I Gede Nika Wirawan
Published: March 2024

Pronunciation is one of the key aspects in which area the students must improve in the university. One person can communicate to the other in a language when they can understand each other and if they can understand each other it means that they have a very good pronunciation especially for English it is not very easy to pronounce some words for some speaker especially for the Indonesian speaker it is not very easy to pronounce all of the English words because the Indonesian language is very different with the English language. That is why pronunciation is one of the lesson that must be taught in the class because not all of the Indonesian people can pronounce the English words correctly they need more practice do you pronounce the words because the Exxon of the Indonesian people are very strong and they need a lot of practice at home or in the classroom with the teachers to practice work to improve their pronunciation. This is very important especially if they want to communicate with the native speaker especially for the English native speaker and they will not understand what the people say unless we pronounce the word correctly. And to pronounce the word correctly needs a lot of practices not just in the classroom but also practices at home.
Arnold Chiari Malformation
Authors: Bulut Zekeriya
Published: March 2024

Chiari malformations (CM) refer to a series of anomalies characterized by the descent of cerebellar tonsils into the cervical spinal canal. These malformations can be associated with abnormalities such as syringomyelia, hydrocephalus, spina bifida, and scoliosis. Additionally, craniocervical junction anomalies, endocrinopathies, craniosynostosis, and syndromic disorders are also linked to CM. The treatment of CM is surgical, and there is no known medical therapy. Patients diagnosed with CM are typically advised to undergo surgical treatment or follow-up. Although surgical intervention is supported in the literature, debates exist regarding which procedure is most suitable and when surgery should be performed. In this article, we will examine the historical background of CM, its anatomical forms, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, relationship with other diseases, and diagnostic procedures in the light of the literature.
Digitalna transformacija u obrazovanju
Authors: Nikolić Dejan , Ivanek Perica , Helać Amela
Published: March 2024

Svako je vrijeme imalo svoje mnogobrojne obrazovne dileme i nedoumice, pa tako i naše. Uzimajući u obzir da obrazovanje predstavlja jednu od temeljnih čovjekovih djelatnosti, nešto što ga determinira i razlikuje u odnosu na sva druga živa bića, putevi kojima će dalje ići su višestruki i nepredvidivi. Na obrazovne sisteme, između ostalog i naš obrazovni sistem, djeluju mnogobrojni faktori koji ga uslovljavaju, oblikuju, usmjeravaju. Danas u eri digitalizacije i vremenu turbulentnog razvoja nauke, tehnike i tehnologije trebamo drugačije kreirano i ustrojeno obrazovanje koje će omogućiti čovjeku da stekne kompetencije neophodne za XXI stoljeće i vrijeme koje dolazi. U ovom radu ćemo pokušati sagledati obrazovanje nekada i sada i rasvjetliti u kojem bi pravcu trebala ići digitalna transformacija u obrazovanju, šta bi trebala obuhvatiti i koje ciljeve ispuniti. Pored svega, naglasićemo da ni sama digitalna transformacija u obrazovanju, bez ključne uloge čovjeka u njoj, neće riješiti pitanja u sferi emocionalne inteligencije, mentalne fleksibilnosti, spremnosti na promjene i humanosti, koje i dalje moraju ostati veoma bitne i neizostavne u kreiranju obrazovanja budućnosti, bez obzira na sveprisutniju nadolazeću digitalizaciju.
Porodični biznis – uloga, značaj i tranzicija
Authors: Šarić Damir , Osmanović Azira
Published: March 2024

Prema mnogim istraživanjima, porodični biznis znatno doprinosi rastu i razvoju privrede većine zemalja. Kao takav djeluje u svakoj zemlji i sigurno je jedan od najstarijih oblika poslovnog organizovanja, ali njegov značaj nije jednako priznat u svakoj zemlji. Procjenjuje se da je ukupni ekonomski uticaj porodičnog biznisa preko 70% na globalni BDP. Porodični biznis prepoznat je kao porodično preduzeće koje je u vlasništvu članova porodice, čime se praktično neutrališu šanse pojave gubitka zbog loše organizacije. Glavna prednost ovog biznisa ogleda se u činjenici da potpunu kontrolu nad poslovanjem drže članovi porodice, što omogućava jasnu usmjerenost svih uposlenih ka realizaciji zajedničkih ciljeva poslovanja. Takav biznis pruža niz prednosti uposlenicima, poput slobode, neovisnosti i kontrole, istovremeno dajući dozu fleksibilnosi i kreativnosti u poslovanju. Međutim, sa druge strane javljaju se i elementi koji utiču na poslovanje. U prvom redu se to odnosi na sukob generacija, gdje se obično ne dopušta mlađoj generaciji dovoljno prostora za samostalnost u radu i u konačnici preuzimanje liderstva u vođenju posla. Ove negativnosti su prvenstveno uzrokovane kritiziranjem, nedostatkom podrške i povjerenja od strane starijih generacija. Tranzicija porodičnog biznisa predstavlja jedan od najvećih izazova sa kojim se preduzeće suočava, jer zahtjeva tranziciju prvenstveno na ličnom, profesionalnom i poslovnom nivou. Dakle, cilj ovog rada je definisati ulogu i značaj porodičnog biznisa na privredu zemalja, ukazati na prednosti i nedostatke takvog biznisa i analizirati poteškoće koje se javljaju prilikom tranzicije porodičnog biznisa.
Vještačka inteligencija posmatrana kroz ekonomski razvoj, etiku, tržište rada i kvalitet života
Authors: Stanišić S. , Spalević Ž. , Spalević P.
Published: March 2024

U poslovanju, vještačka inteligencija, koristi se na različite načine i u različitim područjima. Primjenu vještačke inteligencije u poslovanju unapređuju velike količine podataka i informacija koje postaju dostupne. Vještačka inteligencija donosi nove mogućnosti ali i izazove. Vlade, kao i kompanije različitih vlasničkih struktura, mogu prikupljati vrlo osjetljive i privatne podatke, sa ili bez znanja samih građana. Etički izazov predstavlja i povjerenje u vještačku inteligenciju, kao i poverenje u one koji upravljaju vještačkom inteligencijom. Prisutnost vještačke inteligencije u preduzećima mnogima predstavlja prijetnju i strah za njihova radna mjesta, jer upravo zbog automatizacije i uvođenja robota u proizvodnju odavno su nestala brojna radna mjesta, ali i pored straha za postojeća radna mjesta javljaju se mogućnosti nastanka nekih novih.
WHO MARRIES WHOM MATTERS: KESAMAAN PENDIDIKAN ORANGTUA DAN BERAT BADAN SAAT LAHIR DI INDONESIA
Authors: Johanna Mudya , Samosir Omas Bulan
Published: March 2024

Terlepas dari upaya yang berkelanjutan dan komitmen untuk mengurangi bayi dengan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR), secara global, insiden BBLR mengalami stagnasi. Studi ini menggunakan faktor gabungan dari variabel pendidikan ibu dan suami/ pasangan dalam mengurai kompleksitas kejadian BBLR. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder SDKI 2017 dengan metode analisis regresi logistik multilevel dalam melihat hubungan antara kesamaan pendidikan orangtua dengan berat badan bayi saat lahir di tingkat individu dan komunitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ibu yang memiliki suami/ pasangan dengan pendidikan yang setara dan merupakan pendidikan tinggi (≥SMA sederajat) memiliki kecenderungan yang lebih rendah dalam mendapati BBLR dibandingkan ibu yang memiliki pasangan dengan ketidaksamaan pendidikan. Selain itu, ibu yang memiliki pasangan dengan pendidikan yang setara dengan karakteristik pendidikan rendah memiliki kecenderungan yang lebih tinggi dalam melahirkan BBLR dibandingkan kelompok ibu lainnya. Variabel responden yang antara lain sebagai penghuni desa, tinggal di lingkungan atau komunitas dengan persentase rata-rata kemiskinan ekstrim yang tinggi, dan mengalami masalah terkait jarak menuju fasilitas kesehatan, berasosiasi terhadap kelahiran bayi dengan berat lahir rendah. Pentingnya komitmen terkait pendidikan, penekanan pada pemenuhan jumlah kunjungan prenatal, serta strategi intervensi Gerakan Scalling Up Nutrition (SUN) perlu ditingkatkan guna menekan jumlah kelahiran bayi dengan berat lahir rendah.
PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN ASURANSI KESEHATAN PADA KELOMPOK MISKIN TERHADAP UTILISASI PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA: SEBUAH STUDI RETROSPEKTIF
Authors: Wanti Dian Ira
Published: March 2024

Asuransi kesehatan merupakan salah satu program yang diadakan pemerintah guna mewujudkan masyarakat yang sehat, bermutu, dan produktif. Kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan dari tahun ke tahun terus meningkat, namun peningkatan tersebut tidak dibarengi dengan tingginya utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan baik rawat jalan maupun rawat inap. Penggunaan pelayanan kesehatan yang masih rendah itu mempertanyakan bagaimana pengaruh kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan terhadap utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak jaminan kesehatan terhadap pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Propensity Score Matching. Sampel yang digunakan adalah data IFLS 5 tahun 2014 berupa individu yang menerima Kartu Perlindungan Sosial (KPS) yang berjumlah 22.500 individu. Dengan menggunakan variabel dependen berupa frekuensi penggunaan rawat jalan dalam 4 minggu terakhir dan frekuensi penggunaan rawat inap dalam 12 bulan terakhir. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa variabel jaminan kesehatan berpengaruh negatif terhadap pemanfaatan rawat inap dengan tingkat signifikansi 10%. Namun, berpengaruh positif terhadap utilisasi rawat jalan pada tingkat signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa memiliki jaminan kesehatan dapat meningkatkan pemanfaatan rawat jalan sebesar 14,6% lebih tinggi dibandingkan individu yang tidak memiliki jaminan kesehatan.
Sustainability Analysis of Domestic Raw Water Supply in Bandung City of Indonesia
Authors: Mulyatna Lili , Asdak Chay , Gunawan Budhi , Yustiani Yonik Meilawati
Published: March 2024

The availability and sustainability of good quantities and qualities of water supplies for human needs and support development should be warranted; therefore, existing water resources should be managed sustainably. A multidisciplinary rapid appraisal method called multidimensional scaling (MDS) is an approach for a comprehensive analysis of the sustainability statuses of domestic water supplies. This study aims to analyze the index and sustainability status of raw water management from three dimensions of sustainability. The results that were obtained from a specific multidimensional scaling analysis method called Rapid Appraisal for Air Baku (Rapaku) are expressed in the form of indices and sustainability statuses. Based on different dimensions of the sustainability status review, the analysis results showed that Bandung’s domestic raw water was “less sustainable” (42.34%). Of the 35 attributes that were analyzed, there were 13 sensitive attributes that affected the index and sustainability status with a very small error at a 95% confidence level.