bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Region-selective and site-specific glycation of influenza proteins surrounding the viral envelope membrane
Authors: She Yi-Min , Jia Zongchao , Zhang Xu
Published: August 2024

Analysis of protein modifications is critical for quality control of therapeutic biologics. However, the identification and quantification of naturally occurring glycation of membrane proteins by mass spectrometry remain technically challenging. We used highly sensitive LC MS/MS analyses combined with multiple enzyme digestions to determine low abundance early-stage lysine glycation products of influenza vaccines derived from embryonated chicken eggs and cultured cells. Straightforward sequencing was enhanced by MS/MS fragmentation of small peptides. As a result, we determined a widespread distribution of lysine modifications attributed by the region-selectivity and site-specificity of glycation toward influenza matrix 1, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Topological analysis provides insights into the site-specific lysine glycation, localizing in the distinct structural regions of proteins surrounding the viral envelope membrane. Our finding highlights the proteome-wide discovery of lysine glycation of influenza membrane proteins and potential effects on the structural assembly, stability, receptor binding and enzyme activity, demonstrating that the impacts of accumulated glycation on the quality of products can be directly monitored by mass spectrometry-based structural proteomics analyses.
Dedicated climate ministries help to reduce carbon emissions
Authors: Limberg Julian , Steinebach Yves , Nyrup Jacob
Published: August 2024

Several countries have introduced dedicated national climate ministries in the last two decades. However, we know little about the consequences of these ministries. We demonstrate that the introduction of climate ministries helps to reduce carbon emissions. A difference-in-differences analysis of a global sample of countries reveals robust and statistically significant evidence that introducing a dedicated climate ministry lowers carbon emissions substantially. At the same time, establishing such climate ministries does not significantly influence the introduction of new climate policies. This indicates that climate ministries primarily amplify climate action by improving the effectiveness of the governmental measures taken rather than by increasing the number of climate policies themselves.
WIPI2b recruitment to phagophores and ATG16L1 binding are regulated by ULK1 phosphorylation
Authors: Gubas Andrea , Attridge Eleanor , Jefferies Harold BJ , Nishimura Taki , Razi Minoo , Kunzelmann Simone , Gilad Yuval , Mercer Thomas J , Wilson Michael M , Kimchi Adi , Tooze Sharon A
Published: August 2024

One of the key events in autophagy is the formation of a double-membrane phagophore, and many regulatory mechanisms underpinning this remain under investigation. WIPI2b is among the first proteins to be recruited to the phagophore and is essential for stimulating autophagy flux by recruiting the ATG12–ATG5–ATG16L1 complex, driving LC3 and GABARAP lipidation. Here, we set out to investigate how WIPI2b function is regulated by phosphorylation. We studied two phosphorylation sites on WIPI2b, S68 and S284. Phosphorylation at these sites plays distinct roles, regulating WIPI2b’s association with ATG16L1 and the phagophore, respectively. We confirm WIPI2b is a novel ULK1 substrate, validated by the detection of endogenous phosphorylation at S284. Notably, S284 is situated within an 18-amino acid stretch, which, when in contact with liposomes, forms an amphipathic helix. Phosphorylation at S284 disrupts the formation of the amphipathic helix, hindering the association of WIPI2b with membranes and autophagosome formation. Understanding these intricacies in the regulatory mechanisms governing WIPI2b’s association with its interacting partners and membranes, holds the potential to shed light on these complex processes, integral to phagophore biogenesis.
Nano-Schottky-junction-engineered Pd/SnO2 nanotube array for ultrasensitive hydrogen sensing at room temperature
Authors: Song Zhilong , Fang Weihao , Zhu Bingchen , Yan Jia
Published: August 2024

The nano-Schottky-junction-designed Pd/SnO2 sensor enables ultrasensitive room-temperature detection of H2, with a low limit of detection of 1.6 ppb.
Biosynthesis of the corallorazines, a widespread class of antibiotic cyclic lipodipeptides
Authors: Dreckmann Teresa M. , Fritz Lisa , Kaiser Christian F. , Bouhired Sarah M. , Wirtz Daniel A. , Rausch Marvin , Müller Anna , Schneider Tanja , König Gabriele M. , Crüsemann Max
Published: August 2024

Corallorazines are cyclic lipodipeptide natural products produced by the myxobacterium Corallococcus coralloides B035. Corallorazine biosynthesis was analyzed in vitro and in silico, in addition to antibiotic and mode of action studies.
Lithium metal based battery systems with ultra-high energy density beyond 500 W h kg−1
Authors: Yang Chenyu , Jiang Zhan , Chen Xiangyue , Luo Wei , Zhou Tengfei , Yang Jianping
Published: August 2024

This highlight focuses on breakthroughs, future perspectives and applications of ultra-high-energy-density lithium-based battery systems beyond 500 W h kg−1, represented by systems such as Li–S/Se batteries, Li–gas batteries, Li–CFx batteries, etc.
Revealing the intergrowth phenomenon of aspirin polymorphs through a swift cooling crystallization process
Authors: Muthusamy Ramya , Karuppannan Srinivasan
Published: August 2024

An effective swift-cooling crystallization technique was utilized for the first time to exactly reveal the elusive intergrowth phenomenon of aspirin polymorphs. Also, screened and segregated three polymorphic forms at specific supersaturation levels.
The impact of molecular configuration on the bond breaking rates of hydrocarbons: a computational study
Authors: Wang Jiang , Li Zhiling , Zhang Wenli
Published: August 2024

Using ReaxFF simulation and statistical analysis, the breaking rate constant of C–C bonds can be calculated as a function of the bond position and the alkane configuration r⃑.
Computational screening of pyrazine-based graphene-supported transition metals as single-atom catalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhang Min , Xia Caijuan , Li Lianbi , Wang Anxiang , Cao Dezhong , Zhang Baiyu , Fang Qinglong , Zhao Xumei
Published: August 2024

Electrochemical synthesis of NH3 from N2 utilizing single-atom catalysts (SACs) is a promising strategy for industrial nitrogen fixation and chemical raw material production.
Erosion of rigid plastics in turbid (sandy) water: quantitative assessment for marine environments and formation of microplastics
Authors: Al-Darraji Ali , Oluwoye Ibukun , Lagat Christopher , Tanaka Shuhei , Barifcani Ahmed
Published: August 2024

Mechanical degradation (erosion) of plastics in the marine environment has been reported in many literature studies but without quantitative information. Therefore, this study quantified the erosion of some plastics in the marine environment.
Transformation of iron oxides in amorphous nanoscale zero-valent iron (A-nZVI) and nZVI: effect on Sb(iii) removal affinity and stability
Authors: Cheng Qi , Li Qingrui , Li Xiaoqin , Liu Weizhen , Lin Zhang , Chai Liyuan
Published: August 2024

We compared the aging products of nZVI and A-nZVI and their binding with Sb(iii).
Inclusion complex of berberine hydrochloride with serine-β-cyclodextrin: construction, characterization, inclusion mechanisms, and bioactivity
Authors: Zhou Dong Ju , Liu Wei Ming , Dai Su Ping , Jiang Shuai Qiang , Wang Yin , Yang Jia Jia , Chen Ya Wei , Chen Jun Liang , Park Hyun Jin , Zhou Hui Yun
Published: August 2024

Ser-β-CD was synthesized and a BBH/Ser-β-CD IC was prepared via the freeze-drying method. Ser-β-CD and IC show good biocompatibility. The IC exhibits sustained BBH release efficiency and excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus.
Supramolecular and electrocatalytic OER properties of new heteroleptic fluoro- and trifluoromethyl-substituted Ni(ii)-dithiolates: effects of substituents and dihedral angle on the electrocatalytic performance
Authors: Kushwaha Aparna , Srivastava Devyani , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Gosavi Suresh W. , Chauhan Ratna , Ahmed Sarfaraz , Kumar Abhinav
Published: August 2024

New heteroleptic dppe appended Ni(ii) dithiolates with F- and F3C-substituents synthesized and used as electrocatalysts for the heterogeneous OER.
Retraction: Recent advances in total synthesis of protoberberine and chiral tetrahydroberberine alkaloids
Authors: Niu Zhen-Xi , Wang Ya-Tao , Wang Jun-Feng
Published: August 2024

Retraction of ‘Recent advances in total synthesis of protoberberine and chiral tetrahydroberberine alkaloids’ by Zhen-Xi Niu et al., Nat. Prod. Rep., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4np00016a.
Synthesis of atomically precise Ag16 nanoclusters and investigating solvent-dependent ultrafast relaxation dynamics
Authors: Chakraborty Sikta , Kolay Sarita , Patra Amitava
Published: August 2024

Here we demonstrate the synthesis of atomically precise Ag16 NCs and their photophysical properties. The solvent-dependent relaxation dynamics using ultrafast spectroscopy has been investigated.
A one-pot five component reaction for the synthesis of tetrazol-benzofuran hybrids and their inhibitory activity against Mucor lusitanicus
Authors: Aguilar-Morales Cesia M. , Alejandre-Castañeda Viridiana , Contreras-Celedón Claudia , Ramírez-Díaz Martha Isela , Islas-Jácome Alejandro , Meza-Carmen Victor , Chacón-García Luis , Cortés-García Carlos J.
Published: August 2024

The synthesis of a novel 1,5-disubstituted tetrazole-benzofuran hybrid system by a high-order multicomponent reaction with promising antifungal activity against mucormycosis is reported.
Chemistry of installing epitranscriptomic 5-modified cytidines in RNA oligomers
Authors: Kuszczynska Anna , Bors Milena , Podskoczyj Karolina , Leszczynska Grazyna
Published: August 2024

This article provides a comprehensive, up-to-date review on the chemical production of RNA oligomers containing epitranscriptomic 5-modified cytidines (hm5C, f5C, and ca5C).
Asymmetric synthesis of penostatins A–D from l-ascorbic acid
Authors: Wang Maolin , Jia Yuanliang , Wu Folei , Li Zupei , Shao Lijun , Chen Xiaochuan
Published: August 2024

The asymmetric synthesis of penostatins A–D are achieved through a flexible strategy based on an intramolecular oxa-Diels–Alder reaction with tunable facial stereoselectivity.
A portal to highly valuable indole-functionalized vinyl sulfonyl fluorides and allylic sulfonyl fluorides
Authors: Huang Wenzhuo , Fayad Eman , Abu Ali Ola A. , Qin Hua-Li
Published: August 2024

A practical and efficient method for the C-3 site selective alkenylation of indoles was developed for constructing novel indole-functionalized vinyl sulfonyl fluorides and indolyl allylic sulfonyl fluorides.
A simple N-heterocyclic carbene for the catalytic up-conversion of aldehydes into stoichiometric super electron donors
Authors: Assani Nadhrata , Delfau Ludivine , Smits Preslav , Redon Sébastien , Kabri Youssef , Tomás-Mendivil Eder , Vanelle Patrice , Martin David , Broggi Julie
Published: August 2024

The catalytic up-conversion of aldehydes into stoichiometric super electron donors.
Environmentally sustainable lithium-ion battery cathode binders based on cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Huang Xingkang , You Haoyang , Yan Xiaoli , Borkiewicz Olaf J. , Wiaderek Kamila M. , Hui Janan , Hersam Mark C. , Chaudhuri Santanu , Rowan Stuart J. , Chen Junhong
Published: August 2024

Carboxylic acid functionalized cellulose nanocrystals have been obtained from biomass and evaluated as aqueous, environmentally sustainable alternatives to conventional polyvinylidene difluoride binders for cathodes of lithium-ion batteries.
Heterostructured electrodes for Cr-tolerant solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Bang Sehee , Lee Jongseo , Kim Joon Gyu , Kim Jinwoo , Choi Mingi , Chen Yan , Lee Wonyoung
Published: August 2024

A heterostructured electrode coated with a Cr-tolerant Sr-free material, that exhibits a low oxygen vacancy concentration and contains reducible sites, showed excellent performance and stability in a Cr atmosphere.
Use of surface-modified porous silicon nanoparticles to deliver temozolomide with enhanced pharmacokinetic and therapeutic efficacy for intracranial glioblastoma in mice
Authors: Shin Seulgi , Jo Hyejung , Agura Tomoyo , Jeong Seoyoun , Ahn Hyovin , Kim Yejin , Kang Jae Seung
Published: August 2024

Octadecylated pSiNPs efficiently deliver TMZ to the brain, enhancing its accumulation and anticancer effects, resulting in extended survival in glioma-bearing mice. It highlights its potential as a promising drug delivery platform for the brain.
Methods to achieve tissue-mimetic physicochemical properties in hydrogels for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering
Authors: Fatima Rabia , Almeida Bethany
Published: August 2024

Hydrogels are limited by their inability to recapitulate native extracellular physicochemical properties. Current efforts using advanced materials science and engineering methods seek to form hydrogels with physiologically-relevant properties.
Energy transfer-induced blue light-excited broadband near-infrared luminescence in fluoride Na3AlF6:Mn4+,Fe3+
Authors: He F. Q. , Song E. H. , Zhang Q. Y.
Published: August 2024

Blue-light excited near-infrared luminescence was demonstrated in Na3AlF6:Mn4+,Fe3+via Mn4+ → Fe3+ ET. Upon 463 nm excitation, narrowband emissions from Mn4+ and broadband emission peaked at 826 nm with FWHM of 127 nm from Fe3+ were realized.
Sustainable fermentable sugar production using a glass fiber supported gallium–molybdenum photocatalyst towards bioethanol production: LCA analysis
Authors: Chakraborty Rajat , Barman Sourav , Sarkar Aritro
Published: August 2024

A waste printed circuit board derived glass fiber supported gallium–molybdenum photocatalyst for sustainable hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse for bioethanol production is reported.
Taking Pride in STEMM by taking STEMM to Pride!
Authors: Davies Claire L. , Cooper Philip A. , Griffiths Andrew M.
Published: August 2024

In the hopes of inspiring other science communicators to engage with the LGBTQ+ community, we highlight some of the barriers to inclusion in STEMM faced by this community and summarize the activities we exhibited on our "Proud to be a Scientist" stall at Exeter Pride 2024. This allowed us to reach traditionally excluded and low science-capital audiences and promote representation in queer spaces.
M‐SSD based on anchor proposal and ResNet101 backbone for placental haemorrhage MRI detection
Authors: Zhang Heng , Wang Dong , Shao Faming , Dai Juying , Zhang Tao
Published: August 2024

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) images can effectively show the placental haemorrhage area. In view of the special properties and real‐time detection requirements of placental haemorrhage MRI images, this paper has systematically improved the single‐shot multi‐box detector (SSD) target detection algorithm (M‐SSD). First, taking advantage of the particularity of the MRI image, the maximum stable extremum region (MSER) algorithm was used as the anchor proposal network which integrated the proposal information into the feature layer of SSD to avoid the hungry traversal of the original algorithm. Second, after the scale statistics of the placental haemorrhage area in MRI images, the bounding box matching the size of the placental haemorrhage area was redefined, in this way, the scale of the bounding box will have application pertinence, which can effectively improve the detection accuracy of the algorithm. Third, due to the small target property of the placental haemorrhage area in the MRI image, the VGG16 basic network in the original SSD was replaced by ResNet101, this made the algorithm have higher performance in small target detection. Finally, the Placental Haemorrhage MRI Detection Database (PHMD) has been built which is not only a base for this paper, but also for further research in this area.
Breakthrough design of power handling capability‐enhanced slotted oversized substrate‐integrated waveguide power divider/combiner considering corona and thermal effects
Authors: Souri Masoumeh , Masoumi Nasser , Mohammad‐Taheri Mahmoud
Published: August 2024

An analysis and design of a new slotted power divider/combiner (PDC) that utilises an oversized substrate‐integrated waveguide (OS‐SIW) is presented to enhance power handling capability (PHC). It is interesting to note that, the power capability tolerance can be increased by increasing the width of structure and thickness of the substrate, although it may introduce higher‐order modes. The paper is focused on improving PHC of PDC that propagates only the TE10 mode while preventing the propagation of higher‐order modes. Additionally, the PHC of the proposed structure is studied in detail. The air breakdown or the corona effect is a physical phenomenon that limits the Peak Power Handling Capability (PPHC) of a device. In slotted microwave components, the corona effect plays a crucial role in determining the PPHC, and it is closely related to environmental conditions such as pressure. Another limiting factor is self‐heating, which affects the device's Average Power Handling Capability (APHC). The slotted OS‐SIW PDC is designed on Rogers RO4003 laminate with 32mil thickness, offering a low profile with an overall OS‐SIW PDC area of 170 × 55 mm2. The measured results of the fabricated PDC showcase a range of desirable features. Moreover, the proposed structure in power divider mode exhibits significant improvements in APHC compared to those of the conventional Substrate‐Integrated Waveguides structures, with respective enhancements of approximately 8.26% at 10 GHz (with a Fractional Band Width of 58.3%). These advantages are highly beneficial and hold great potential.
Improved weighting factor selection method of predictive torque control for PMSM
Authors: Liu Tao , Yu Yawei , Li Longnv , Xu Guxuan , Zhu Gaojia
Published: August 2024

In the traditional predictive torque control strategy, the cost function considers two different control objectives: stator flux and torque. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably set the weighting factor to ensure that the optimal voltage vector is accurately selected during the control process, thereby achieving better torque and flux control performance. In view of the complex tuning process caused by traditional predictive torque control setting method of weighting factor, a new weighting factor selection method for permanent magnet synchronous motor control system is proposed in this paper. The derivation process is based on the equivalent transformation between the torque–flux prediction and the voltage vector prediction. If both the cost functions of the torque–flux and voltage vector reach their minimum values, the same output voltage vector will be selected. Compared with previous studies, the algorithm proposed in this paper can find the precise location of the optimal weighting factor without changing the form of the cost function, which simplifies the parameter tuning process. Experimental results are also provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A convolutional neural network–back propagation based three-layer combined forecasting method for spare part demand
Authors: Huang Guoxing , Yang Yukang , Li Weichang , Cao Xianhuai , Yang Zhipeng
Published: August 2024

Accurate spare part demand forecasting for the key components of ships is one of the key factors to ensure normal ship operation. Large errors in demand forecasting not only bring challenges to the normal operation of ships but also cause an inventory backlog of key components and thus increase the operation and maintenance costs. A three-level spare parts combination prediction method based on historical data has been proposed, aiming to solve the problem of insufficient data in existing prediction methods. First, three types of individual direct forecasting models are used for predictions. Secondly, we used convolutional neural networks to perform convolutional operations on the prediction results, and then constructed a three-layer combined prediction model using backpropagation neural networks (BP). Experimental results have shown that the predictive performance of this model is significantly better than that of single-layer models. This study used spare parts data from shipping companies to predict the three-layer combination model, and the results fully demonstrated its significant advantages over single-layer models.
(G, V)-invexity nondifferentiable generalized minimax fractional programming
Authors: Yuan Jing , Li Xiangyou
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we study the nondifferentiable generalized minimax fractional programming problem under (G, V )-invexity. G-sufficient optimality conditions for the considered nondifferentiable generalized minimax fractional programming problem are established under the concept of (G, V )-invexity. Further, two types of dual models are formulated and G-duality theorems relating to the primal minimax fractional programming problem and dual problems are established. These results extend several known results to a wider class of programs.
The Efficacy of Physical Fitness Training on Dance Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dang Yanan , Chen Ruoling , Koutedakis Yannis , Wyon Matthew Alexander
Published: August 2024

Greater levels of physical fitness have been linked to improved dance performance and decreased injury incidence. The aim was to review the efficacy of physical fitness training on dance injury. The electronic databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure were used to search peer-reviewed published articles in English or Chinese. Studies were scored using Strength of the Evidence for a Conclusion and a risk bias checklist. 10 studies met the inclusion criteria from an initial 2450 publications. These studies offered physical fitness training for professional (n = 3) and pre-professional dancers (n = 7), participant sample size ranged between 5 to 62, ages from 11 to 27 years, and most participants were females. Assessment scores were classified as Fair (n = 1), Limited (n = 7), and Expert Opinion Only (n = 2) and risk of bias scores ranged from 22.7–68.2 %. After physical fitness training, 80 % of studies reported significant benefits in injury rate, the time between injuries, pain intensity, pain severity, missed dance activities and injury count. This review suggests that physical fitness training could have a beneficial effect on injury incidence in dance. The evidence is limited by the current study methodologies.
Proprioceptive Sensation Levels of The Elbows of Physically Disabled Athletes
Authors: Yildiz Muhammed , Çebi Mehmet
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to compare elbow joint proprioception measurements between physically disabled individuals who are active in sports and those who are not. The study included 30 athletes, 30 sedentary individuals, 30 physically disabled athletes, and 30 physically disabled sedentary individuals as volunteers. Elbow joint proprioception measurements were conducted using a sensitive digital goniometer with a precision of 1 degree. The joint position sense test method was used to perform the active angle repetition technique. Target angles were determined to be 30°, 60°, and 120°. A significant difference was observed in the comparison of proprioception between the dominant and non-dominant elbow joints of athletes and physically disabled sedentary individuals (p<0.05). Elbow joint proprioception was found to be highest in physically disabled athletes at the target angles. Conversely, the lowest elbow joint proprioception levels were found in physically disabled sedentary patients compared with the other groups.
Isokinetische Krafttestung bei unterschiedlichen biomechanischen Anforderungen an die Rumpfkraft – Vergleich von militärischen Leistungssportlern und Soldaten mit dienstlich bedingt hoher körperlicher Beanspruchung
Authors: Weber-Spickschen Thomas Sanjay , Geißler Daniel , Lison Andreas , Schulze Christoph
Published: August 2024

Anthropometrische Daten (Gewicht, Körpergröße, BMI, Taillenumfang und WHtR) und das männliche Geschlecht korrelieren positiv mit der Rumpfkraft, das Alter hingegen negativ.

Für Profisportler, bei denen keine signifikanten Unterschiede hinsichtlich der genannten anthropometrischen Daten vorliegen, gibt es bislang kaum Studien, die die isometrische Rumpfkraft im Sitzen in verschiedenen Sportarten untereinander quantitativ vergleichen.

Ziel dieser Studie war es, bei militärischen Leistungssportlern und Soldaten mit dienstlich bedingt hoher körperlicher Beanspruchung die Rumpfkraft hinsichtlich möglicher Unterschiede zu analysieren. Hierfür wurden militärische Fallschirmsprungsportler (n=28), militärische Fünfkämpfer (n=34) und Soldaten aus einem Skizug (Skitourengeher) (n=38) hinsichtlich der im Sitzen gemessenen isokinetischen Rumpfkraft verglichen. Neben der deskriptiven Statistik und Normalverteilungsanalyse von Anthropometrie und isokinetischen Messwerten wurden die isokinetischen Messwerte sowie die gewichtsadaptierten isokinetischen Messwerte der verschiedenen Sportlergruppen mittels ANOVA und Welch-ANOVA auf Unterschiede untersucht.

Es zeigte sich, dass die Skitourengeher signifikant größere Werte in der Flexion Peak Torque aufwiesen als die militärischen Fünfkämpfer und Fallschirmspringer. Auch gewichtsadaptiert waren die Werte signifikant größer gegenüber den Fünfkämpfern, aber nicht signifikant größer im Vergleich zu den Fallschirmspringern. Für die Extension Peak Torque zeigte sich, dass die militärischen Fünfkämpfer signifikant geringere Werte gegenüber den Skitourengehern und in der gewichtsadaptierten Analyse signifikant geringere Werte gegenüber den Fallschirmspringern aufwiesen. Diese Studie konnte zeigen, dass bei hochtrainierten Sportlern möglicherweise beanspruchungsinduziert signifikante Unterschiede in der isokinetischen Rumpfkraft auftreten.

Vor diesem Hintergrund könnten sportartspezifische quantitative Analysen der isokinetischen Rumpfkraft im Spitzensport genutzt werden, um gezielte Trainingsprogramme zum Ausgleich von Defiziten mit dem Ziel der Leistungssteigerung und Prävention zu entwickeln.
Ausleitende Verfahren bei Kopfschmerzen
Authors: Matejka Rainer
Published: August 2024

Ausleitende Verfahren sind eine alternative Behandlungsmethode, die dabei hilft, ausleitungspflichtige
Stoffwechselzwischen- und -endprodukte, also etwas Überschüssiges, aus dem Körper zu befördern. Dazu
gehören beispielsweise Aderlass, Schröpfen oder Baunscheidtieren, aber auch Heilfasten, die Einhaltung
diätetischer Empfehlungen sowie regulative Verfahren wie die Akupunktmassage nach Penzel und manuelle
Lymphdrainagen. Da Schmerz auch immer eine subjektive Komponente in sich trägt und im emotionalen Teil
des Gehirns gespeichert wird, müssen auch psychische Anteile der Patienten berücksichtigt werden. Dieses
„Zuviel“ spricht in der Praxis sehr gut auf ausleitende Verfahren an und kann bei Kopfschmerzen
erfolgreich eingesetzt werden, um die Symptomatik zu lindern und deren Häufigkeit zu senken. Der Beitrag
zeigt hierzu einige Anwendungsbeispiele.
Differenzialtherapie von Kopfschmerzen im Ayurveda
Authors: Gupta Hedwig
Published: August 2024

Im Ayurveda werden Kopfschmerzen als ein Ungleichgewicht der Doshas betrachtet. Unter dem Begriff
„shiroroga“ werden 11 verschiedene Kopfschmerzformen klassifiziert, für die es differenzierte und z. T.
in Studien als wirksam bestätigte therapeutische Möglichkeiten gibt. Bei korrekter Diagnosestellung und
sinnvoller Behandlungsstrategie bietet der Ayurveda effiziente und nebenwirkungsfreie
Behandlungsmöglichkeiten von Kopfschmerzen. Die Behandlung zielt darauf ab, das Gleichgewicht der Doshas
wiederherzustellen. Dies kann durch verschiedene Methoden wie Kräutermedizin, Ernährungsumstellung, Yoga,
Meditation und Reinigungsverfahren erreicht werden. Typische ayurvedische Ansätze zur Behandlung von
Kopfschmerzen umfassen die Verwendung von Kräutern, die Förderung einer gesunden Ernährung und
Lebensweise sowie die Anpassung des individuellen Lebensstils gemäß den ayurvedischen Prinzipien.
Ayurvedische Therapien können auch in Kombination mit schulmedizinischen Behandlungen eingesetzt
werden.
Avaliação da variabilidade inter e intracirurgião no planejamento pré-operatório da artroplastia reversa do ombro: Uma avaliação multicêntrica
Authors: Motta Filho Geraldo da Rocha , Amaral Marcus Vinicius Galvão , Nascimento Luis Gustavo Prata , Godinho André Couto , Checchia Caio Santos , Raffaelli Mauricio de Paiva , Pitta Rafael Peçanha , Leal Ana Carolina
Published: August 2024

Objetivo Avaliar a variabilidade intra e intercirurgião em relação à seleção e posicionamento dos implantes na artroplastia total reversa do ombro (ATRO).

Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal de avaliação de imagens de tomografias computadorizadas da articulação do ombro de pacientes com diagnóstico de doenças articulares degenerativas. Participaram do estudo sete especialistas em cirurgia do ombro, representando seis diferentes instituições. Os cirurgiões foram instruídos a planejar todos os casos duas vezes e a variabilidade inter e intracirurgião foi avaliada.

Resultados A correlação interclasse para versão e inclinação apresentou uma concordância baixa em relação à inclinação (0,26), e moderada em relação à versão (0,73) e à seleção do enxerto (0,54). Na avaliação intracirurgião houve uma correlação moderada para versão (0,55), inclinação (0,58) e seleção do implante (0,46), enquanto para a lateralização, a correlação foi alta (0,77).

Conclusão Este estudo comparativo do planejamento pré-operatório da ATRO entre diferentes cirurgiões evidenciou que não há, ainda, um consenso em relação aos parâmetros de posicionamento dos implantes durante o planejamento da cirurgia. No entanto, a maioria dos cirurgiões tendem a planejar para uma versão e inclinação de zero grau.
Catastrophic Thrombosis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Focosi Daniele , Pezzo Mario Piergiulio , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio
Published: August 2024

Catastrophic thrombosis is a severe condition characterized by a hypercoagulable tendency, leading to multiple thromboembolic events in different blood vessels, usually within a short timeframe. Several conditions have been associated with the development of catastrophic thrombosis, including the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, thrombotic anti-platelet factor 4 immune disorders, thrombotic microangiopathies, cancers, the hyper-eosinophilic syndrome, pregnancy, infections, trauma, and drugs. Thrombotic storm represents a medical emergency whose management represents a serious challenge for physicians. Besides the prompt start of anticoagulation, a patient's prognosis depends on early recognition and possible treatment of the underlying condition. In this narrative review, we summarize the main characteristics of catastrophic thrombosis, analyzing the various conditions triggering such life-threatening complication. Finally, an algorithm with the diagnostic workup and the initial management of patients with catastrophic thrombosis is presented.
Accessory Penile Frenulum: May Go Unnoticed throughout the Journey to Graveyard
Authors: Rout Sunil Kumar , Patel Gulshan
Published: August 2024

An accessory frenulum of the penis is so rare that only four cases have been documented so far. We came across a case of 45-year-old, sexually active man who sought medical attention for right foot injury caused by a road traffic accident. During a detailed clinical evaluation, he was discovered to have double frenulum in his penis. Along with the normal ventral frenulum he had an additional dorsal frenulum located at the 10 O'clock position. No history of penile torsion could be elicited from the patient. He had completed his family by the time of presentation, without any symptom of sexual dysfunction or dyspareunia. He was not offered any treatment for this congenital anomaly as it did not have any functional or aesthetic implication. A literature review was conducted to determine the incidence, spectrum of clinical presentation, and management of this pathology.
Clinical, Laboratory, and Molecular Aspects of Congenital Fibrinogen Disorders
Authors: Casini Alessandro , Moerloose Philippe de , Neerman-Arbez Marguerite
Published: August 2024

Congenital fibrinogen disorders (CFDs) include afibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia, dysfibrinogenemia, and hypodysfibrinogenemia. The fibrinogen levels, the clinical features, and the genotype define several sub-types, each with specific biological and clinical issues. The diagnosis of CFDs is based on the measurement of activity and antigen fibrinogen levels as well as on the genotype. While relatively easy in quantitative fibrinogen disorders, the diagnosis can be more challenging in qualitative fibrinogen disorders depending on the reagents and methods used, and the underlying fibrinogen variants. Overall, quantitative and qualitative fibrinogen defects lead to a decrease in clottability, and usually in a bleeding tendency. The severity of the bleeding phenotype is moreover related to the concentration of fibrinogen. Paradoxically, patients with CFDs are also at risk of thrombotic events. The impact of the causative mutation on the structure and the fibrinogen level is one of the determinants of the thrombotic profile. Given the major role of fibrinogen in pregnancy, women with CFDs are particularly at risk of obstetrical adverse outcomes. The study of the fibrin clot properties can help to define the impact of fibrinogen disorders on the fibrin network. The development of next generation sequencing now allows the identification of genetic modifiers able to influence the global hemostasis balance in CFDs. Their integration in the assessment of the patient risk on an individual scale is an important step toward precision medicine in patients with such a heterogeneous clinical course.
Fetal Ganglioneuroblastoma: A Rare Entity with Antenatal Diagnosis and Postnatal Follow Up
Authors: Varshney Alok , Kapoor Aakriti , Kaur Shina , Kapoor Tushar , Kapoor Aakaar , Kapoor Apurva , Kapoor Ravi
Published: August 2024

Fetal abdominal masses can be challenging to counsel due to uncertain diagnosis and outcomes. We report a case of a midline upper retroperitoneal mass found incidentally during a routine third trimester ultrasound. Despite not being a suprarenal mass, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging indicated neuroblastoma prenatally. With the generally favorable prognosis for prenatally diagnosed neuroblastomas, expectant counseling was given. Postnatal imaging and biopsy confirmed ganglioneuroblastoma, a rare subtype. A conservative approach was taken, and after initial growth, the mass spontaneously regressed 5 months after birth, nearly resolving by 8 months.
Prevalence of the Absence of the Palmaris Longus and Functional Flexor Digitorum Superficialis of the Little Finger in the Indian Population
Authors: Rajendiran Subashini , Rajappa Srinivasan , Jaichandran Sandhiya , Bhat Anil , Thatte Mukund
Published: August 2024

Background The absence of the palmaris longus (PL) varies with race. The presence of a functional flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) of the little finger also varies widely. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of the absence of the PL and functional FDS of the little finger in the Indian population.

Materials and Methods This is a prospective observational study conducted as a part of the Indian normative data project of the Indian Society for Surgery of the Hand. The presence of the PL was assessed by Schaeffer's test. The function of the FDS was assessed by the standard test and modified test and its function designated as absent, present independently, or present combinedly with the ring finger FDS.

Results A total of 200 volunteers including 84 males and 116 females in the 21- to 60-year age group were examined. Of the 400 hands examined, the PL was absent in 26 upper limbs (6.5%). The PL was absent unilaterally in 12 individuals (6%) and bilaterally in 7 individuals (3.5%). Of the 400 little fingers examined, FDS function was absent in 72 fingers (18%), while 67 fingers (16.75%) had a common function and 261 fingers (65.25%) had an independent function. Only 2% had a bilateral absence of both the PL and functional FDS tendons and 5% had a unilateral absence of both tendons.

Conclusion The PL and FDS of the little finger were more absent in the right side than in the left side, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant association between the absence of the PL and the absence of the functional FDS of the little finger.
Social Enterprise Under Moral Hazard: Who Gets State Subsidies and Active Financing?
Authors: Lovas Anita , Berlinger Edina , Tóth Fanni
Published: August 2024

We develop a double-sided moral hazard model of social entrepreneurship and derive the optimal state subsidy. Then, we analyze the data of an EU-funded training and mentoring program aiming at preparing social entrepreneurs for private financing. Using content analysis techniques, we investigate the 203 applications for the program, the reviewers’ evaluation, and the selection decision. Social enterprises produce private and public benefits, use market and non-market resources, and involve a wide range of stakeholders with different incentives. We examine why different projects can get active financing (financing plus advisory), or only passive financing (financing without advisory), or no financing at all. We identify five relevant selection criteria such as entrepreneurial net present value, entrepreneurial agency cost, advisory net present value, advisory agency cost, and the external effects of the project. Empirical findings are consistent with the theoretical model. Applicants with higher scores in business plan, social impact, and geographical scope were significantly more likely to be selected, especially if their activities required no domain-specific knowledge from the advisors. However, higher agency costs, reflected in too many business lines and early-stage operations, seem to reduce the chances significantly. We formulate a moral hazard model for social entrepreneurship with four simultaneously optimizing players: an entrepreneur, an investor, an advisor, and the state. With the help of our unique database, we get valuable insights into the financing decisions of a profit-seeking investor. Our findings can contribute to the improvement of the design of state-subsidized social entrepreneurship programs.
Information theoretic measures in one-dimensional Dunkl oscillator
Authors: Nath Debraj , Ghosh Niladri , Roy Amlan K.
Published: August 2024

We consider the solution of one dimensional Schrödinger Dunkl equation for energies and eigenfunctions. Then we provide analytical expressions for various information theoretic measures. For a given density function, quantities such as position expectation value, entropic moment, disequilibrium, Rényi entropy, Shannon entropy, Tsallis entropy, Fisher information are presented. Next, a few relative information measures corresponding to two density functions, like relative entropy, relative Fisher, relative Rényi, relative Tsallis, along with their associated Jensen divergences such as Jensen–Shannon divergence, Jensen–Fisher divergence, Jensen–Rényi divergence, Jensen–Tsallis divergence are treated. Sample results are provided in graphical form. Dependence of these quantities on the Dunkl parameter μ shows distinct features for μ < 0 and μ > 0.
Lifting of horizontal subsea pipeline with diverse lifting points in waves: Hydrodynamic analysis
Authors: Zhao Bowen , Zhang Dapeng , Zhu Keqiang
Published: August 2024

Leveraging insights gleaned from practical marine engineering operations involving the lifting of horizontal pipelines, the subsea pipeline is conceptually disintegrated into a lumped mass parameter model. A new lifting mechanical model of pipeline suspension section based on the nonlinear beam theory is proposed and solved by simplified deformation equations of large deflection beams. Hydrodynamic analysis frameworks tailored for the vertical elevation of the horizontal pipeline at distinct locations are established. Parameters, such as effective tension, bending moment curvature, and von Mises stress, in the longitudinal direction at various lifting points are meticulously ascertained, alongside other hydrodynamic characteristics. Comparative evaluations are undertaken to discern alterations in the pipeline's configuration at diverse lifting sites. This elucidates the hydrodynamic intricacies accompanying the lifting of a horizontal subsea pipeline at varied elevation points. The introduction of additional lifting points engenders modifications in the force constraint conditions of the lifted pipeline, thereby constraining the axial expansion and contraction of the pipeline. Consequently, fluctuations in the transmission patterns of effective tension along the pipeline's longitudinal direction are observed.
Characterization of energy loss in jet mechanism of a Pelton turbine
Authors: Lu Jiaxing , Qian Linyong , Liu Xiaobing , Choi Youngdo
Published: August 2024

Pelton turbines are becoming widely used in hydropower generation. However, the internal flow mechanism and energy loss characteristics of these turbines remain unclear, and there has been relatively little research in this area. In this paper, to provide a better understanding of the operating characteristics and internal flow loss characteristics of a Pelton turbine jet mechanism, numerical simulations are performed, and a third-generation vortex identification method and entropy production theory are used to analyze the formation and development of vortex structures and energy loss characteristics, as well as the influence of vortex dissipation on energy loss.
Substituent effects on first generation photochemical molecular motors probed by femtosecond stimulated Raman
Authors: Roy Palas , Sardjan Andy S. , Danowski Wojciech , Browne Wesley R. , Feringa Ben L. , Meech Stephen R.
Published: August 2024

Unidirectional photochemical molecular motors can act as a power source for molecular machines. The motors operate by successive excited state isomerization and ground state helix inversion reactions, attaining unidirectionality from an interplay of steric strain and stereochemistry. Optimizing the yield of the excited state isomerization reaction is an important goal that requires detailed knowledge of excited state dynamics. Here, we investigate the effect of electron withdrawing and donating substituents on excited state structure and ultrafast dynamics in a series of newly synthesized first generation photochemical molecular motors. All substituents red-shift the absorption spectra, while some modify the Stokes shift and render the fluorescence quantum yield solvent polarity dependent. Raman spectra and density functional theory calculations reveal that the stretching mode of the C=C “axle” in the electronic ground state shows a small red-shift when conjugated with electron withdrawing substituents. Ultrafast fluorescence measurements reveal substituent and solvent polarity effects, with the excited state decay being accelerated by both polar solvent environment and electron withdrawing substituents. Excited state structural dynamics are investigated by fluorescence coherence spectroscopy and femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy. The time resolved Raman measurements are shown to provide structural data specifically on the Franck–Condon excited state. The C=C localized modes have a different substituent dependence compared to the ground state, with the unsubstituted motor having the most red-shifted mode. Such measurements provide valuable new insights into pathways to optimize photochemical molecular motor performance, especially if they can be coupled with high-quality quantum molecular dynamics calculations.
An efficient method to generate near-ideal hollow beams of different shapes for box potential of quantum gases
Authors: Ren Tongtong , Wang Yirong , Dai Xiaoyu , Gao Xiaoxu , Sun Guangren , Zhao Xue , Gao Kuiyi , Zheng Zhiyue , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2024

Ultracold quantum gases are usually prepared in conservative traps for quantum simulation experiments. The atomic density inhomogeneity, together with the consequent position-dependent energy and time scales of cold atoms in traditional harmonic traps, makes it difficult to manipulate and detect the sample at a higher level. These problems are partially solved by optical box traps made of blue-detuned hollow beams. However, generating a high-quality hollow beam with high light efficiency for the box trap is challenging. Here, we present a scheme that combines the fixed optics, including axicons and prisms, to pre-shape a Gaussian beam into a hollow beam with a digital micromirror device (DMD) to improve the quality of the hollow beam further, providing a nearly ideal optical potential of various shapes for preparing highly homogeneous cold atoms. The highest power-law exponent of potential walls can reach a value over 100, and the light efficiency from a Gaussian to a hollow beam is also improved compared to direct optical shaping by a mask or a DMD. Combined with a one-dimensional optical lattice, a nearly ideal two-dimensional uniform quantum gas with different geometrical boundaries can be prepared for exploring quantum many-body physics to an unprecedented level.
Transient flow and noise characteristics of accelerated flow past a hydrofoil with whale-like wavy leading edge
Authors: Xi Wenqian , Zhang Jinsong , Wang Xinlong , Huang Zhenwei
Published: August 2024

As the concept of sustainable development gains traction, the adoption of environmentally friendly energy conversion technologies becomes increasingly prevalent in daily life, particularly in the development and application of fluid machinery for ocean current and tidal energy. However, the use of fluid machinery often involves transient processes, and while existing research has investigated the flow and noise characteristics of devices like hydrofoils, most studies focus on steady-state performance analysis, with less attention given to transient conditions. The field of bio-inspired noise reduction in hydrodynamics, especially under such circumstances, remains relatively underexplored. In response to this, we propose a novel bio-inspired hydrofoil based on the NACA0015 (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics), employing large eddy simulation for detailed numerical simulations of both the prototype and the bio-inspired design. The simulations were conducted with a Reynolds number of 8000, an attack angle of 30°, and an initial velocity gradually accelerated to 0.1 m/s over a 1 s period with a constant acceleration of 0.1 m/s2. Following this, we employed the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings analogy to analyze the acoustic characteristics of the hydrofoil in both near and far fields. Through simulation and analysis, we observed that during acceleration, the unique structure of the bio-inspired hydrofoil modifies the pressure distribution on the suction surface, causing turbulence at the leading edge to break into smaller vortices. This leads to a reduction in low-frequency noise production. By combining the pressure distribution, vortex patterns, turbulent kinetic energy, and near- and far-field noise, we conclude that the proposed biomimetic hydrofoil can reduce the noise up to 3.3 dB at low Reynolds number and up to 10.68 dB at high Reynolds number. This study, by integrating bio-inspired design with in-depth analysis of transient flow characteristics, offers valuable insights for noise reduction technologies in fluid machinery under complex transient conditions.