bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Radioligand Modified with a Transthyretin Binder
Authors: Vaccarin Christian , Mapanao Ana Katrina , Deberle Luisa M. , Becker Anna E. , Borgna Francesca , Marzaro Giovanni , Schibli Roger , Müller Cristina
Published: March 2024

Transthyretin binders have previously been used to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of small-molecule drug conjugates and could, thus, be utilized for radiopharmaceuticals as an alternative to the widely explored “albumin binder concept”. In this study, a novel PSMA ligand modified with a transthyretin-binding entity (TB-01) was synthesized and labeled with lutetium-177 to obtain [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-TB-01. A high and specific uptake of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-TB-01 was found in PSMA-positive PC-3 PIP cells (69 ± 3% after 4 h incubation), while uptake in PSMA-negative PC-3 flu cells was negligible (<1%). In vitro binding studies showed a 174-fold stronger affinity of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-TB-01 to transthyretin than to human serum albumin. Biodistribution studies in PC-3 PIP/flu tumor-bearing mice confirmed the enhanced blood retention of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-TB-01 (16 ± 1% IA/g at 1 h p.i.), which translated to a high tumor uptake (69 ± 13% IA/g at 4 h p.i.) with only slow wash-out over time (31 ± 8% IA/g at 96 h p.i.), while accumulation in the PC-3 flu tumor and non-targeted normal tissue was reasonably low. Further optimization of the radioligand design would be necessary to fine-tune the biodistribution and enable its use for therapeutic purposes. This study was the first of this kind and could motivate the use of the “transthyretin binder concept” for the development of future radiopharmaceuticals.
The Use of CA-125 KELIM to Identify Which Patients Can Achieve Complete Cytoreduction after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in High-Grade Serous Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zouzoulas Dimitrios , Tsolakidis Dimitrios , Tzitzis Panagiotis , Sofianou Iliana , Chatzistamatiou Kimon , Theodoulidis Vasilis , Topalidou Maria , Timotheadou Eleni , Grimbizis Grigoris
Published: March 2024

(1) Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery is used in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. However, no tool can safely predict if complete cytoreduction after 3–4 cycles can be achieved. This study aims to investigate if the KELIM score can be a triage tool in the identification of patients that will be ideal candidates for interval debulking surgery (IDS). (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients with high-grade serous advanced ovarian cancer that were treated in the 1st Department of Obstetrics–Gynecology, 2012–2022, with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by IDS. Patient characteristics, oncological outcome and follow-up information were collected. The primary outcome was the association of the KELIM score with residual disease. (3) Results: 83 patients were categorized into two groups: Group A (51 patients) with favorable (≥1) and Group B (32 patients) with unfavorable (<1) KELIM scores. A statistically significant correlation between KELIM and residual disease (p < 0.05) exists, showing that patients with a favorable KELIM score can achieve a complete IDS. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference in overall survival (p = 0.017), but no difference was observed in progression-free survival (p = 0.13); (4) Conclusions: KELIM seems to safely triage patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and decide who will benefit from IDS.
Anti-Proliferative Effects of Lidocaine as an Autophagy Inducer in Bladder Cancer via Intravesical Instillation: In Vitro and Xenograft Mouse Model Experiments
Authors: Yoo Young Chul , Kim Na-Young , Shin Seokyung , Yang Yunil , Jun Ji Hae , Oh Ju Eun , Kim Myoung Hwa
Published: March 2024

Lidocaine exerts potential anti-tumor effects on various cancer cell lines, and its intravesical instillation is considered safer than intravenous administration for bladder cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying its anti-tumor effects have not been fully elucidated. Here, we aimed to elucidate the anti-tumor molecular mechanisms of lidocaine in bladder cancer cells and a xenograft model to substantiate the efficacy of its intravesical administration. We investigated the anti-proliferative and autophagyinducing activities of lidocaine in Nara Bladder Tumor No. 2 (NBT-II) rat bladder carcinoma cells using cell viability, flow cytometry, a wound healing assay, and western blotting. We also established a xenograft mouse model of bladder cancer, and cancer growth was examined using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Lidocaine decreased cell viability, induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and inhibited cell migration partially via glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β phosphorylation. Moreover, a combination of lidocaine and SB216763 (a GSK3β inhibitor) suppressed autophagy-related protein expression. Bafilomycin-A1 with lidocaine significantly enhanced microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain (LC3B) expression; however, it decreased LC3B expression in combination with 3-methyladenine compared to lidocaine alone. In the xenograft mouse model, the bladder cancer volume was reduced by lidocaine. Overall, lidocaine exerts anti-proliferative effects on bladder cancer via an autophagy-inducing mechanism.
Locoregional Therapies for Hepatobiliary Tumors: Contemporary Strategies and Novel Applications
Authors: Jipa Andrei M. , Makary Mina S.
Published: March 2024

A large majority of primary hepatobiliary tumors are hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), with the remainer being cholangiocarcinoma. While surgical resection remains the gold standard treatment for hepatobiliary tumors, relatively few patients are operative candidates, and systemic treatments have limited effectiveness. Locoregional therapies offer significant promise in the management of HCC. Ablation and radioembolization may offer similar outcomes to surgery for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma while radioembolization and chemoembolization are valuable in the management of advanced disease. There is significantly less evidence for the role of locoregional therapy in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma, although it appears to be well tolerated.
Experimental and Computational Analysis of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Thermal Ablation in Breast Cancer Cells: Monolayers vs. Spheroids
Authors: Badawe Heba M. , Harouz Jean Paul , Raad Petra , Abu Kareem , Freije Anthony , Ghali Kamel , Abou-Kheir Wassim , Khraiche Massoud L.
Published: March 2024

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive therapeutic modality that uses precise acoustic energy to ablate cancerous tissues through coagulative necrosis. In this context, we investigate the efficacy of HIFU ablation in two distinct cellular configurations, namely 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids of epithelial breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB 231 and MCF7). The primary objective is to compare the response of these two in vitro models to HIFU while measuring their ablation percentages and temperature elevation levels. HIFU was systematically applied to the cell cultures, varying ultrasound intensity and duty cycle during different sonication sessions. The results indicate that the degree of ablation is highly influenced by the duty cycle, with higher duty cycles resulting in greater ablation percentages, while sonication duration has a minimal impact. Numerical simulations validate experimental observations, highlighting a significant disparity in the response of 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids to HIFU treatment. Specifically, tumor spheroids require lower temperature elevations for effective ablation, and their ablation percentage significantly increases with elevated duty cycles. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of acoustic energy conversion within the biological system during HIFU treatment for 2D versus 3D ablation targets, holding potential implications for refining and personalizing breast cancer therapeutic strategies.
Studies on Insertion/Deletion Residues for Functional Analysis and Improved Amination Activity in Meso-DAPDH from Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Zhang Yaning , Hao Jiaying , Cao Yongjun , Zhao Wenjun , Liu Hankun , Gao Xiuzhen , Ma Qinyuan
Published: March 2024

Meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase (meso-DAPDH) from Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032 (CgDAPDH) is a type I meso-DAPDH that shows obvious preference toward meso-diaminopimelate (meso-DAP) and exhibits almost no amination activity toward 2-keto acids. There are seven distinct conserved insertions and deletions (indels) between type I and type II meso-DAPDH. The current functional analysis of indels is not comprehensive in meso-DAPDH. Continuing from our previous work on these indels, we first examined the functions of the other indels shown as insertion residues in type I CgDAPDH. Alanine mutations in M216, T240, K289, and Q290 lost at least 40% of their activity, highlighting the importance of these four sites in CgDAPDH. Molecular dynamic analysis indicated that the four non-active sites altered the dynamic network of interactions within the protein. Subsequently, these four sites together with the previously identified indel-related residues R180, L176, and H193 were targeted by site-saturation mutagenesis to improve the amination ability of CgDAPDH toward pyruvic acid. The most significant improvement was observed with the mutant CgL176R, which showed a six-fold increase toward pyruvic acid in kcat/Km compared to wild-type CgDAPDH. Overall, our study provides new hotspots and ideas for the subsequent protein engineering of CgDAPDH, which may also be applied to other meso-DAPDHs.
Study on the Microstructure, Corrosion Resistance and Dielectric Properties of Atmospheric Plasma-Sprayed Y2O3 Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Sun Kuoteng , Zhong Wancai , Qiu Shankui , Cai Weichen , Xie Xiaojie , Wang Haoran , Zhang Shitao , Li Wenge
Published: March 2024

Atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) is one of the most efficient processes for the preparation of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) ceramic coatings. Changing the spraying process parameters can significantly improve the microstructure and enhance the coating properties. In this study, the combination of plasma-spraying process parameters (current, spraying distance, and argon (Ar) flow) was varied by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the help of Minitab 19 software. Applied to the design of experiments, improvement of errors, and prediction of microstructure property results, the optimization and validation of experimental parameters for attaining the desired microstructure of Y2O3 coatings, especially porosity, was achieved. Process parameters were optimized by RSM: current 613.64 A, Ar flow rate 46.92 L/min, spray distance 15.38 cm, and optimum porosity 1.8% after optimization. Electrochemical corrosion experiments and breakdown voltage experiments revealed that the corrosion resistance and dielectric properties increased significantly as the porosity of the coatings decreased. Therefore, by optimizing the plasma-spraying process parameters, the porosity of the coatings can be significantly reduced and the corrosion resistance and dielectric properties of Y2O3 coatings can be effectively improved.
Microstructure and Properties of TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN Coating Enhanced by High-Current Pulsed Electron Beam
Authors: Ge Feiyu , Xia Ziteng , Yuan Haoming , Guo Siyang , Hu Zhijun , Guan Jintong , Cai Jie , Guan Qingfeng , Lyu Peng
Published: March 2024

In this work, a TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN coating deposited onto cemented carbide matrix by chemical vapor deposition was irradiated by high-current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB). The influence of pulse times on the phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the coating investigated. The results showed that no new phase was produced, the grain size of the coating surface was refined, the surface became flat, and the surface roughness decreased after HCPEB treatment. The TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN coating presented a smooth surface with good mechanical performance after HCPEB. A maximum hardness was obtained after 15 pulses, and the 15-pulse irradiated coating showed better wear resistance. The improvement in the coating’s performance after irradiation was mainly attributed to the formation of grain refinement and crystal defects, as well as the change of stress field inside the coating. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of HCPEB modification in the preparation of high-performance coating by analyzing the microstructure and property of coating under different pulses.
Introducing a New Smartphone Applied Semen Analyzer, SpermCell™: A Cross-Sectional Validation Study with a Comparative Analysis and a Mini Patient Questionnaire on a Large Sample Cohort
Authors: Dincer Muhammet Murat , Yentur Serhat , Colakerol Aykut , Cil Gokhan , Yazar Ramazan Omer , Kandirali Engin , Semercioz Atilla , Muslumanoglu Ahmet Yaser , Temiz Mustafa Zafer
Published: March 2024

(1) Background: Standard semen analysis methods may exhibit variability between observers and/or human error; therefore, additional methods are needed to overcome these handicaps. We aimed to present a new smartphone-applied semen analyzer, Sperm Cell™, investigate its diagnostic efficacy by comparing it with the standard analysis method, and determine its user-friendly nature. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a large sample cohort, including 102 men. Three semen analyses were performed for each semen sample. The first employed the standard manual method, whereas the others were smartphone-based analyses performed by technicians and patients. We compared major semen parameters between the three semen analyses. The user-friendly nature of the analyzer was also evaluated with a mini-questionnaire completed by the participants. (3) Results: The determined median sperm count, motile sperm count, and percentage of motile sperms, on standard manual semen analysis, were 50.00 × 106/mL (0–160 × 106/mL), 23.94 × 106/mL (0–108 × 106/mL) and 50.00% (0–73.00%), respectively. Median sperm count and motile sperm count were 50.52 × 106/mL (<1–150 × 106/mL) vs. 55.77 × 106/mL (<1–160 × 106/mL) and 23.34 × 106/mL (0–105 × 106/mL) vs. 23.53 × 106/mL (0–104 × 106/mL) for SpermCell™-based semen analysis performed by a technician and patients themselves, respectively. The percentages of motile sperms were 47.40% (0–67.00%) vs. 47.61% (0–80.20%), respectively. All the parameters were statistically similar between the three semen analysis methods (p > 0.05 for each). The SpermCell™ analysis results were correlated with the standard manual method with up to 0.85 correlation coefficients. Moreover, substantial diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were obtained in determining the oligospermia and asthenozoospermia via the device-based analyses performed by technician and patients. The mini-questionnaire results revealed that the analyzer is useful. (4) Conclusions: The novel smartphone-applied semen analyzer is a helpful tool with acceptable diagnostic accuracy in determining the major semen parameters. It can be used as an efficient at-home point-of-care testing method in the initial assessment of couples with infertility concerns.
L2 Reading Assessment from a Sociocultural Theory Perspective: The Contributions of Dynamic Assessment
Authors: Kushki Ali , Nassaji Hossein
Published: March 2024

Our understanding of assessing L2 reading has significantly expanded in recent years, including both theoretical and practical aspects. There is a growing consensus that reading comprehension involves multiple skills and subskills. Classroom-based assessment practices reflecting such conceptualizations have also become widely utilized. This article explores the Vygotskyan sociocultural theory (SCT) and its implications for L2 reading assessment, with a specific focus on dynamic assessment as an effective classroom-based approach for L2 reading and literacy instruction. We will review the research that has applied DA principles to the assessment and teaching of L2 reading. We conclude by outlining potential avenues for future DA research and L2 reading instruction.
The Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI): Adaptation and Psychometric Properties among a Portuguese Sample of Volunteers
Authors: Martins Cátia , da Silva José Tomás , de Jesus Saúl Neves , Ribeiro Conceição , Estêvão Maria Dulce , Baptista Ricardo , Carmo Cláudia , Brás Marta , Santos Rita , Nunes Cristina
Published: March 2024

The Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) is an instrument widely used to assess volunteers’ motivation based on the Functionalist Model of Omoto and Snyder. It assesses six factors that reflect several motivational functions. The VFI has been translated into various languages and validated in different cultural contexts, but some studies have reported different factor structures (e.g., five or four factors). In the Portuguese context, previous studies have also shown inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the VFI for Portuguese volunteers, testing several alternative models (nine models) using confirmatory factor analysis. The sample comprised 468 volunteers (76.3% women), aged from 13 to 81 years (M = 36.66, SD = 14.93). The results support the original interrelated six-factor model as the best-fitting one. The VFI showed good internal consistency and convergent validity. Significant correlations were found between the VFI factors, organizational commitment, and volunteers’ satisfaction. Overall, the six-factor VFI is a valid and reliable tool for measuring the motivational functions of Portuguese volunteers, with implications for practice and research in the volunteering field.
A Cyber-Physical Testbed for IoT Microgrid Design and Validation
Authors: Lee Yih-Shiuan , Wang Chao
Published: March 2024

Microgrids are small power systems, often equipped with renewable energy sources, that are alternatives or supplementary to utility grids. Many studies have been conducted on the design and implementation of microgrids and their interconnects to utility grids, and investigations have been extended to the use of Internet of Things technology (IoT) to monitor and operate such power grids. However, the broad applications of the IoT technology itself also call for a green energy solution. This paper investigates how to power local IoT applications via an integration of a microgrid and the utility grid. Together, we call such a system an IoT microgrid. The goal of an IoT microgrid is to maintain the availability of IoT applications while saving energy costs, and this is achieved by sustaining IoT applications via local renewable energy from a microgrid and by mitigating the intermittent power supply using the utility grid. This paper characterizes the IoT microgrid and proposes a configurable cyber-physical testbed for its design and validation. The testbed incorporates the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) approach, where real-time simulation is integrated with physical elements for quick prototyping of those components in an IoT microgrid. The paper concludes with an example implementation of the proposed testbed, which demonstrates its use for validating both an IoT microgrid and the IoT application it sustains.
QWLCPM: A Method for QoS-Aware Forwarding and Caching Using Simple Weighted Linear Combination and Proximity for Named Data Vehicular Sensor Network
Authors: Dhakal Dependra , Sharma Kalpana
Published: March 2024

The named data vehicular sensor network (NDVSN) has become an increasingly important area of research because of the increasing demand for data transmission in vehicular networks. In such networks, ensuring the quality of service (QoS) of data transmission is essential. The NDVSN is a mobile ad hoc network that uses vehicles equipped with sensors to collect and disseminate data. QoS is critical in vehicular networks, as the data transmission must be reliable, efficient, and timely to support various applications. This paper proposes a QoS-aware forwarding and caching algorithm for NDVSNs, called QWLCPM (QoS-aware Forwarding and Caching using Weighted Linear Combination and Proximity Method). QWLCPM utilizes a weighted linear combination and proximity method to determine stable nodes and the best next-hop forwarding path based on various metrics, including priority, signal strength, vehicle speed, global positioning system data, and vehicle ID. Additionally, it incorporates a weighted linear combination method for the caching mechanism to store frequently accessed data based on zone ID, stability, and priority. The performance of QWLCPM is evaluated through simulations and compared with other forwarding and caching algorithms. QWLCPM’s efficacy stems from its holistic decision-making process, incorporating spatial and temporal elements for efficient cache management. Zone-based caching, showcased in different scenarios, enhances content delivery by utilizing stable nodes. QWLCPM’s proximity considerations significantly improve cache hits, reduce delay, and optimize hop count, especially in scenarios with sparse traffic. Additionally, its priority-based caching mechanism enhances hit ratios and content diversity, emphasizing QWLCPM’s substantial network-improvement potential in vehicular environments. These findings suggest that QWLCPM has the potential to greatly enhance QoS in NDVSNs and serve as a promising solution for future vehicular sensor networks. Future research could focus on refining the details of its implementation, scalability in larger networks, and conducting real-world trials to validate its performance under dynamic conditions.
Controllable Spatial Filtering Method in Lensless Imaging
Authors: Jang Jae-Young , Cho Myungjin
Published: March 2024

We propose a method for multiple-depth extraction in diffraction grating imaging. A diffraction grating can optically generate a diffraction image array (DIA) having parallax information about a three-dimensional (3D) object. The optically generated DIA has the characteristic of forming images periodically, and the period depends on the depth of the object, the wavelength of the light source, and the grating period of the diffraction grating. The depth image can be extracted through the convolution of the DIA and the periodic delta function array. Among the methods for extracting depth images through the convolution characteristics of a parallax image array (PIA) and delta function array, an advanced spatial filtering method for the controllable extract of multiple depths (CEMD) has been studied as one of the reconstruction methods. And that possibility was confirmed through a lens-array-based computational simulation. In this paper, we aim to perform multiple-depth extraction by applying the CEMD method to a DIA obtained optically through a diffraction grating. To demonstrate the application of the CEMD in diffraction grating imaging, a theoretical analysis is performed to apply the CEMD in diffraction grating imaging; the DIA is acquired optically, and the spatial filtering process is performed through computational methods and then compared with the conventional single-depth extraction method in diffraction grating imaging. The application of the CEMD to DIA enables the simultaneous reconstruction of images corresponding to multiple depths through a single spatial filtering process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research on the extraction of multiple-depth images in diffraction grating imaging.
Enhancing Power Efficiency in Branch Target Buffer Design with a Two-Level Prediction Mechanism
Authors: Nian Jiawei , Liu Hongjin , Gao Xin , Zhang Shaolin , Yang Mengfei
Published: March 2024

Modern processors often face challenges when handling instructions that overwhelm the branch target buffer (BTB), leading to front-end bottlenecks. As the BTB’s capacity increases, its prediction module can become slower and power-hungry. In this paper, we introduce a straightforward yet highly effective two-level prediction mechanism to mitigate the escalating power consumption in the BTB structure, achieved by reducing the number of accesses. Our approach incorporates two main elements: M-BTB and V-BTB. M-BTB encompasses the first-level prediction mechanism and a fully associative BTB, while V-BTB houses the second-level prediction mechanism and a set-associative BTB. To implement our prediction mechanism, we optimize the traditional two-level BTB structure. The first level employs the skew mechanism, and the second level dissects the tag bits to create the Partial tag. These two levels of prediction mechanism correspond to the bank/way prediction for the two-level BTB structure. Our experimental results show that the first-stage prediction mechanism reduces M-BTB accesses by 75%, while the second-stage prediction mechanism ensures that over 98% of addresses require just zero or one way of the V-BTB to achieve a hit result. Our proposed approach achieves a remarkable 86–97% reduction in power consumption, with a minimal impact on performance and an increase in overall area efficiency.
Aero-YOLO: An Efficient Vehicle and Pedestrian Detection Algorithm Based on Unmanned Aerial Imagery
Authors: Shao Yifan , Yang Zhaoxu , Li Zhongheng , Li Jun
Published: March 2024

The cost-effectiveness, compact size, and inherent flexibility of UAV technology have garnered significant attention. Utilizing sensors, UAVs capture ground-based targets, offering a novel perspective for aerial target detection and data collection. However, traditional UAV aerial image recognition techniques suffer from various drawbacks, including limited payload capacity, resulting in insufficient computing power, low recognition accuracy due to small target sizes in images, and missed detections caused by dense target arrangements. To address these challenges, this study proposes a lightweight UAV image target detection method based on YOLOv8, named Aero-YOLO. The specific approach involves replacing the original Conv module with GSConv and substituting the C2f module with C3 to reduce model parameters, extend the receptive field, and enhance computational efficiency. Furthermore, the introduction of the CoordAtt and shuffle attention mechanisms enhances feature extraction, which is particularly beneficial for detecting small vehicles from a UAV perspective. Lastly, three new parameter specifications for YOLOv8 are proposed to meet the requirements of different application scenarios. Experimental evaluations were conducted on the UAV-ROD and VisDrone2019 datasets. The results demonstrate that the algorithm proposed in this study improves the accuracy and speed of vehicle and pedestrian detection, exhibiting robust performance across various angles, heights, and imaging conditions.
Active Distribution Network Fault Diagnosis Based on Improved Northern Goshawk Search Algorithm
Authors: Guo Zhongqi , Ji Xiu , Wang Hui , Yang Xiao
Published: March 2024

Timely and accurate fault location in active distribution networks is of vital importance to ensure the reliability of power grid operation. However, existing intelligent algorithms applied in fault location of active distribution networks possess slow convergence speed and low accuracy, hindering the construction of new power systems. In this paper, a new regional fault localization method based on an improved northern goshawk search algorithm is proposed. The population quality of the samples was improved by using the chaotic initialization strategy. Meanwhile, the positive cosine strategy and adaptive Gaussian–Cauchy hybrid variational perturbation strategy were introduced to the northern goshawk search algorithm, which adopted the perturbation operation to interfere with the individuals to increase the diversity of the population, contributing to jumping out of the local optimum to strengthen the ability of local escape. Finally, simulation verification was carried out in a multi-branch distribution network containing distributed power sources. Compared with the traditional regional localization models, the new method proposed possesses faster convergence speed and higher location accuracy under different fault locations and different distortion points.
Effects of Vegetation Succession on Soil Microbial Communities on Karst Mountain Peaks
Authors: Wang Wenyu , Peng Peiqin , Li Jiangnan , Liao Xionghui , Zhang Wei , Wang Kelin , Zhao Jie
Published: March 2024

Soil microorganisms are vital components of the karst terrestrial ecosystem. However, their responses to the vegetation succession on karst mountain peaks remain unclear as to whether soil microbial diversity and community compositions change with vegetation succession. We investigated the diversity and community compositions of soil bacteria and fungi and associated environmental factors along a vegetation succession from moss crusts (MC) to moss crusts with sparse grasses (MCG) to sparse grasses (G) on karst mountain peaks. The results indicated that soil organic carbon and total nitrogen generally increased, and soil pH changed in the range of 8.19–8.44 and slightly declined with vegetation succession. Overall, there was an increase in microbial biomass along the vegetation succession, with the dominant phyla of bacteria, including Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Choroflexi, Gemmatiomnadates, Bacteroidetes, and Planctomycetes, and the dominated phyla of fungi, including Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. Notably, both the bacterial and fungal community compositions were different among the three successional stages. Spearman’s correction analysis showed that soil organic carbon and total nitrogen had stronger and more significant influences on the soil microbial community compositions compared to soil water content, pH, and C:N ratio. Overall, our results provide evidence for the changes and influencing factors of the microbial community with the succession vegetation on karst mountain peaks.
Transcriptional Analysis of Mixed-Culture Fermentation of Lachancea thermotolerans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Natural Fruity Sour Beer
Authors: Fu Xiaofen , Guo Liyun , Li Yumeng , Chen Xinyu , Song Yumei , Li Shizhong
Published: March 2024

Increasingly high interest in yeast–yeast interactions in mixed-culture fermentation is seen along with beer consumers’ demands driving both market growth and requests for biotechnological solutions that can provide better sensory characteristics. In this study, Lachancea thermotolerans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a cell population ratio of 10:1 were inoculated for sour beer fermentation while the process conditions within the brewing industry remained unchanged. With L. thermotolerans producing lactic acid (1.5–1.8 g/L) and bringing down the pH to 3.3–3.4 whilst adding no foreign flavors herein, this study revealed a new natural, fruity sour beer with a soft, sour taste. In this study, the double-yeast mixed-culture fermentation produced more flavor substances than a single-culture process, and plenty of isobutyl acetate and isoamyl acetate enhanced the fruit aroma and balanced the sour beer with a refreshing taste. While playing a positive role in improving the beer’s quality, the double-yeast mixed-culture fermentation developed in this study helps to offer an alternative mass production solution for producing sour beer with the processes better controlled and the fermentation time reduced. The stress responses of the L. thermotolerans during the fermentation were revealed by integrating RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and metabolite data. Given that the metabolic flux distribution of the S. cerevisiae during the fermentation differed from that of the non-Saccharomyces yeasts, transcriptional analysis of non-Saccharomyces yeast and S. cerevisiae could be suitable in helping to develop strategies to modulate the transcriptional responses of specific genes that are associated with the aroma compounds released by S. cerevisiae and non-Saccharomyces yeasts. In the case of some non-Saccharomyces yeast species/strains, the diversion of alcoholic fermentation and the formation of a great number of secondary compounds may, in part, account for the low ethanol yield.
A Method for Mapping V2X Communication Requirements to Highly Automated and Autonomous Vehicle Functions
Authors: Takacs Arpad , Haidegger Tamas
Published: March 2024

The significance of V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) technology in the context of highly automated and autonomous vehicles can hardly be overestimated. While V2X is not considered a standalone technology for achieving high automation, it is recognized as a safety-redundant component in automated driving systems. This article aims to systematically assess the requirements towards V2X input data to highly automated and autonomous systems that can individually, or in combination with other sensors, enable certain levels of autonomy. It addresses the assessment of V2X input data requirements for different levels of autonomy defined by SAE International, regulatory challenges, scalability issues in hybrid environments, and the potential impact of Internet of Things (IoT)-based information in non-automotive technical fields. A method is proposed for assessing the applicability of V2X at various levels of automation based on system complexity. The findings provide valuable insights for the development, deployment and regulation of V2X-enabled automated systems, ultimately contributing to enhanced road safety and efficient mobility.
MOLM: Alleviating Congestion through Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing-Based Load Balancing Routing in LEO Satellite Networks
Authors: Zhou Yihu , Chen Haiming , Dou Zhibin
Published: March 2024

In satellite networks, existing congestion resolution methods do not consider the predictability and stability of paths, leading to frequent path switches and high maintenance costs. In this regard, we propose a novel congestion resolution approach, named MOLM, which introduces a continuous neighbor set during path updates. This set includes nodes capable of establishing sustainable connections with the predecessors and successors of congested nodes. Combined with a multi-objective simulated annealing framework, MOLM iteratively derives an optimal selection from this set to replace congested nodes. Additionally, we employ a Fast Reroute mechanism based on backup paths (FRR-BP) to address node failures. The simulation results indicate that the optimal node endows the new path with optimal path stability and path latency.
Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabrics Containing Elastane Fibers
Authors: Bolaji Josephine T. , Dolez Patricia I.
Published: March 2024

Woven fabrics generally have high strength but only limited stretch. This lack of stretch can be overcome by incorporating elastane fibers into the fabric structure. These stretch woven fabrics offer an interesting potential for tight-fitting garments. However, the presence of the elastane fibers may lower the strength of the fabrics. To expand the knowledge on the mechanical behavior of stretch woven fabrics, this study investigated eight commercial fabrics with elastane fiber content between 5 and 51%. Four fabrics were polyester-based and the other four were polyamide-based. The effect of the fabric weight and elastane fiber content on the grab strength, tear strength, and unrecovered stretch was analyzed. It was observed that, at very high elastane fiber content, the load–extension curve was typical to that of an elastane fiber, while the traditional load–extension behavior of woven fabrics with low to average stretch was obtained at lower elastane fiber contents. For the polyester-based fabrics, the grab strength and tear strength generally increased with fabric weight and decreased with elastane fiber content. For the polyamide-based fabrics, a higher elastane fiber content led to a decrease in grab strength, tear strength, and unrecovered stretch. A reduction in tear strength was observed at higher fabric weight.
Upgrading Carthamus by HTC: Improvement of Combustion Properties
Authors: Díaz-Rasero José Manuel , Ledesma Beatriz , Alonso María , Román Silvia
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the fuel potential and combustion behavior of hydrochars derived from a unique precursor: Carthamus pomace. Initially, the hydrothermal carbonization process of this novel feedstock was examined across various temperature ranges (180–240 °C) and durations (15–180 min). The impact of these processing conditions was analyzed in terms of degradation mechanisms and their correlation with the resulting properties of the hydrochars (HCs) produced. Then, the combustion performance of these materials was studied by means of thermogravimetry, and the differences in reactivity and activation energy were analyzed and associated with preparation processes. Finally, the most promising HTC parameters were identified and a thermoeconomic study on the use of selected HCs on a thermal plant devoted to the production of electricity was evaluated including energy savings associated with the implementation of heat exchangers using the heat of the flue gases to partially supply the energy needs associated with HTC.
Myelin-Specific microRNA-23a/b Cluster Deletion Inhibits Myelination in the Central Nervous System during Postnatal Growth and Aging
Authors: Ishibashi Shigeki , Kamei Naosuke , Tsuchikawa Yuji , Nakamae Toshio , Akimoto Takayuki , Miyaki Shigeru , Adachi Nobuo
Published: March 2024

Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) comprising miR-23a/b clusters, specifically miR-23a and miR-27a, are recognized for their divergent roles in myelination within the central nervous system. However, cluster-specific miRNA functions remain controversial as miRNAs within the same cluster have been suggested to function complementarily. This study aims to clarify the role of miR-23a/b clusters in myelination using mice with a miR-23a/b cluster deletion (KO mice), specifically in myelin expressing proteolipid protein (PLP). Inducible conditional KO mice were generated by crossing miR-23a/b clusterflox/flox mice with PlpCre-ERT2 mice; the offspring were injected with tamoxifen at 10 days or 10 weeks of age to induce a myelin-specific miR-23a/b cluster deletion. Evaluation was performed at 10 weeks or 12 months of age and compared with control mice that were not treated with tamoxifen. KO mice exhibit impaired motor function and hypoplastic myelin sheaths in the brain and spinal cord at 10 weeks and 12 months of age. Simultaneously, significant decreases in myelin basic protein (MBP) and PLP expression occur in KO mice. The percentages of oligodendrocyte precursors and mature oligodendrocytes are consistent between the KO and control mice. However, the proportion of oligodendrocytes expressing MBP is significantly lower in KO mice. Moreover, changes in protein expression occur in KO mice, with increased leucine zipper-like transcriptional regulator 1 expression, decreased R-RAS expression, and decreased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases. These findings highlight the significant influence of miR-23a/b clusters on myelination during postnatal growth and aging.
Hazard Analysis and Vulnerability Assessment of Cultural Landscapes Exposed to Climate Change-Related Extreme Events: A Case Study of Wachau (Austria)
Authors: Canesi Linda , Sardella Alessandro , Vogler Rainer , Kaiser Anna , Vaccaro Carmela , Bonazza Alessandra
Published: March 2024

The present paper aims to study the Wachau Valley in Austria as a representative Cultural Landscape under threat from extreme hydrometeorological hazards linked to climate change. The primary objective is to investigate the impacts and assess the vulnerability associated with the events of heavy rain and flooding. The methodology employed consists of an investigation of recorded past events impacting the Wachau; a vulnerability ranking system; a climate time series analysis based on earth observation products; and future hazard maps at territorial level, developed with outputs from regional and global climate models. The investigation we carried out provides a vulnerability assessment of two terraced areas with a surface of about 10,000 m2 in total, characterized by the presence of dry stone walls, with different state of conservation in the Municipality of Krems (Wachau). In addition, climate projections at territorial level for the extreme climate indices R20mm, R95pTOT, and R×5day—selected for investigating the likelihood of increases/decreases in events of heavy rain and large basin flooding—are provided, with a spatial resolution of ~12 km for the near and far future (2021–2050; 2071–2100) under stabilizing (RCP 4.5) and pessimistic (RCP 8.5) scenarios. The results indicate a general increase for the three indices in the studied areas during the far future under the pessimistic scenario, suggesting a heightened risk of heavy rain and flooding. These findings aim to inform policymakers and decision-makers in their development of strategies for safeguarding cultural heritage. Furthermore, they serve to assist local stakeholders in enhancing their understanding of prioritizing interventions related to preparedness, emergency response, and recovery.
Temporal Alterations in Cerebrovascular Glycocalyx and Cerebral Blood Flow after Exposure to a High-Intensity Blast in Rats
Authors: Chen Ye , Gu Ming , Patterson Jacob , Zhang Ruixuan , Statz Jonathan K. , Reed Eileen , Abutarboush Rania , Ahlers Stephen T. , Kawoos Usmah
Published: March 2024

The glycocalyx is a proteoglycan–glycoprotein structure lining the luminal surface of the vascular endothelium and is susceptible to damage due to blast overpressure (BOP) exposure. The glycocalyx is essential in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the vasculature and regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Assessment of alterations in the density of the glycocalyx; its components (heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG/syndecan-2), heparan sulphate (HS), and chondroitin sulphate (CS)); CBF; and the effect of hypercapnia on CBF was conducted at 2–3 h, 1, 3, 14, and 28 days after a high-intensity (18.9 PSI/131 kPa peak pressure, 10.95 ms duration, and 70.26 PSI·ms/484.42 kPa·ms impulse) BOP exposure in rats. A significant reduction in the density of the glycocalyx was observed 2–3 h, 1-, and 3 days after the blast exposure. The glycocalyx recovered by 28 days after exposure and was associated with an increase in HS (14 and 28 days) and in HSPG/syndecan-2 and CS (28 days) in the frontal cortex. In separate experiments, we observed significant decreases in CBF and a diminished response to hypercapnia at all time points with some recovery at 3 days. Given the role of the glycocalyx in regulating physiological function of the cerebral vasculature, damage to the glycocalyx after BOP exposure may result in the onset of pathogenesis and progression of cerebrovascular dysfunction leading to neuropathology.
PARP14 Contributes to the Development of the Tumor-Associated Macrophage Phenotype
Authors: Sturniolo Isotta , Váróczy Csongor , Regdon Zsolt , Mázló Anett , Muzsai Szabolcs , Bácsi Attila , Intili Giorgia , Hegedűs Csaba , Boothby Mark R. , Holechek Jacob , Ferraris Dana , Schüler Herwig , Virág László
Published: March 2024

Cancers reprogram macrophages (MΦs) to a tumor-growth-promoting TAM (tumor-associated MΦ) phenotype that is similar to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes regulate various aspects of MΦ biology, but their role in the development of TAM phenotype has not yet been investigated. Here, we show that the multispectral PARP inhibitor (PARPi) PJ34 and the PARP14 specific inhibitor MCD113 suppress the expression of M2 marker genes in IL-4-polarized primary murine MΦs, in THP-1 monocytic human MΦs, and in primary human monocyte-derived MΦs. MΦs isolated from PARP14 knockout mice showed a limited ability to differentiate to M2 cells. In a murine model of TAM polarization (4T1 breast carcinoma cell supernatant transfer to primary MΦs) and in a human TAM model (spheroids formed from JIMT-1 breast carcinoma cells and THP-1-MΦs), both PARPis and the PARP14 KO phenotype caused weaker TAM polarization. Increased JIMT-1 cell apoptosis in co-culture spheroids treated with PARPis suggested reduced functional TAM reprogramming. Protein profiling arrays identified lipocalin-2, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as potential (ADP-ribosyl)ation-dependent mediators of TAM differentiation. Our data suggest that PARP14 inhibition might be a viable anticancer strategy with a potential to boost anticancer immune responses by reprogramming TAMs.
Cannabinoids and Sleep: Exploring Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials
Authors: D’Angelo Martina , Steardo Luca
Published: March 2024

The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) plays a critical role in the regulation of various physiological functions, including sleep, mood, and neuroinflammation. Phytocannabinoids such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinomimimetics, and some N-acylethanolamides, particularly palmitoyethanolamide, have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for the management of sleep disorders. THC, the psychoactive component of cannabis, may initially promote sleep, but, in the long term, alters sleep architecture, while CBD shows promise in improving sleep quality without psychoactive effects. Clinical studies suggest that CBD modulates endocannabinoid signaling through several receptor sites, offering a multifaceted approach to sleep regulation. Similarly, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), in addition to interacting with the endocannabinoid system, acts as an agonist on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The favorable safety profile of CBD and PEA and the potential for long-term use make them an attractive alternative to conventional pharmacotherapy. The integration of the latter two compounds into comprehensive treatment strategies, together with cognitive–behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), represents a holistic approach to address the multifactorial nature of sleep disorders. Further research is needed to establish the optimal dosage, safety, and efficacy in different patient populations, but the therapeutic potential of CBD and PEA offers hope for improved sleep quality and general well-being.
Six-Gene Signature for Differential Diagnosis and Therapeutic Decisions in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer—A Validation Study
Authors: Charkiewicz Radoslaw , Sulewska Anetta , Karabowicz Piotr , Lapuc Grzegorz , Charkiewicz Alicja , Kraska Marcin , Pancewicz Joanna , Lukasik Malgorzata , Kozlowski Miroslaw , Stec Rafal , Ziembicka Dominika , Piszcz Weronika , Miltyk Wojciech , Niklinska Wieslawa
Published: March 2024

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) poses a challenge due to its heterogeneity, necessitating precise histopathological subtyping and prognostication for optimal treatment decision-making. Molecular markers emerge as a potential solution, overcoming the limitations of conventional methods and supporting the diagnostic–therapeutic interventions. In this study, we validated the expression of six genes (MIR205HG, KRT5, KRT6A, KRT6C, SERPINB5, and DSG3), previously identified within a 53-gene signature developed by our team, utilizing gene expression microarray technology. Real-time PCR on 140 thoroughly characterized early-stage NSCLC samples revealed substantial upregulation of all six genes in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) compared to adenocarcinoma (ADC), regardless of clinical factors. The decision boundaries of the logistic regression model demonstrated effective separation of the relative expression levels between SCC and ADC for most genes, excluding KRT6C. Logistic regression and gradient boosting decision tree classifiers, incorporating all six validated genes, exhibited notable performance (AUC: 0.8930 and 0.8909, respectively) in distinguishing NSCLC subtypes. Nevertheless, our investigation revealed that the gene expression profiles failed to yield predictive value regarding the progression of early-stage NSCLC. Our molecular diagnostic models manifest the potential for an exhaustive molecular characterization of NSCLC, subsequently informing personalized treatment decisions and elevating the standards of clinical management and prognosis for patients.