bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Flame Weeding on Organic Garlic Production
Authors: Abou Chehade Lara , Fontanelli Marco , Martelloni Luisa , Frasconi Christian , Raffaelli Michele , Peruzzi Andrea
Published: September 2018

A lack of efficient machines and strategies for cropping practices are still problems on small farms and in difficult landscapes, especially in organic crop production. The aim of this study was to develop a new weed control strategy for a typical organic garlic (Allium sativum) grown in Liguria, Italy. Flaming was proposed as an additional tool for the physical weed control program. A field experiment was conducted to test the effects of different flaming doses and timing on weed control and garlic production. The treatments consisted of a broadcast flaming at 16, 22, 37, and 112 kg·ha−1 of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at three different crop growth stages—emergence (BBCH 9), three to four leaves (BBCH 13) and six to seven leaves (BBCH 16)—once (at each growth stage separately), twice (at BBCH 9 and BBCH 13, BBCH 9 and BBCH 16, and BBCH 13 and BBCH 16 stages) or three times (all stages combined). Treatments were compared with a weedy control and hand weeding. One flaming treatment was effective in controlling weeds during the growing season. Frequent flaming treatments did not further reduce the weed biomass measured at harvest. A higher production than the weedy control, in terms of the number of marketable bulbs and yield, was obtained for all the flaming interventions carried out at more than 16-kg·ha−1 LPG dose. Garlic flamed once at BBCH 13 at any LPG dose or three times at more than 16 kg·ha−1 led to a comparable number of bulbs as hand weeding. Three flamings at an LPG dose of 22 kg·ha−1 also gave a statistically similar yield to hand weeding. In general, garlic was shown to tolerate up to three flaming treatments without a decline in the production. The decline in yield compared with hand weeding could be offset by the economical savings of the mechanization process and by integrating flaming with other mechanical tools used for weed management.
Investigation of Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase and Anti-urease activities of Euphorbia helioscopia
Authors: DEVECİ Ebru , TEL-ÇAYAN Gülsen , DURU Mehmet Emin
Published: September 2018

In this
study, chemical composition, antioxidant, anticholinesterase and anti-urease activities
of the essential oil, hexane, acetone, methanol and water extracts of Euphorbia helioscopia were investigated.
The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and β-cubebene (19.3 %), palmitic acid (12.2
%) and caryophyllene oxide (11.7 %) were identified as major compounds. The antioxidant
activity of essential oil and extracts was performed by several methods such as
β-carotene-linoleic acid, DPPH•, ABTS•+ radical scavenging,
CUPRAC and metal chelating assays. The water extract showed higher antioxidant activity
than BHA and α-tocopherol in β-carotene-linoleic acid, DPPH•, ABTS•+
and CUPRAC assays with IC50: 1.08±0.39, 15.57±0.48, 1.89±0.33 and 12.50±0.11
μg/mL values, respectively. Also, the anticholinesterase and anti-urease activities
were tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and
urease enzymes, spectrophotometrically. The acetone extract (81.23±0.58 %) showed
very close BChE inhibitory activity to galantamine. The hexane extract (96.97±0.36
%) of E. helioscopia showed higher anti-urease
activity than thiourea (96.93±0.17 %) whereas the essential oil (91.37±0.26 %) indicated
very close anti-urease activity to the standard.
The institutional model of tax administration and aspects of its development
Authors: Serikova Madina , Sembiyeva Lyazzat , Mussina Amina , Kuchukova Nurilya , Nurumov Aldanysh
Published: September 2018

The tax administration effectiveness depends on the level of tax revenues and economic system functioning and the stable economic development of any government. The article considers institutional aspects of tax administration. The purpose of this study is to describe, evaluate and search for the development prospects of the organizational model of tax administration. The authors describe the contemporary condition of the Republic of Kazakhstan tax authorities’ organizational structure. Moreover, the international practices of the tax administration’s organizational system in modern realities is overviewed. The tax administration effectiveness is evaluated by the correlation-regression analysis of the tax authorities’ activity indicators. As a result, the relationship between the degree of effectiveness of tax administration and key performance indicators of tax authorities were identified and evaluated. Based on the conducted theoretical research, this paper reviewed tax administration’s partner system within the perspective innovative development framework. The research results are of interest to economists and public officials in the tax audit field.
A Green Approach to the Synthesis of Novel Indole Substituted 2-Amino- 4,5-dihydro-3-furancarbonitriles in Water
Authors: Padmaja Pannala , Reddy Pedavenkatagari Narayana , Sahoo Bijaya Ketan
Published: September 2018

2-Amino-4,5-dihydro-3-furancarbonitriles (ADFCs) have attracted much attention due to
their utility as valuable synthetic intermediates for the preparation of a series of acyclic and cyclic organic
compounds. On the other hand, indoles substituted with furans are highly interesting compounds
displaying a wide range of biological and pharmaceutical activities. However, to the best of our knowledge,
indole substituted 2-amino-4,5-dihydro-3-furancarbonitriles have not been previously reported. A
new and efficient synthesis of indole substituted 2-amino-4,5-dihydro-3-furancarbonitriles has been
developed in two steps using water as a solvent. The first step of the sequence involves threecomponent
reaction of phenylglyoxals, indoles and malononitrile under aqueous and catalyst-free conditions
for the synthesis of indole substituted β,β-dicyanoketones. Reduction of the obtained β,β-
dicyanoketones with sodium borohydride in water at room temperature afforded the indole substituted
2-amino-4,5-dihydro-3-furancarbonitriles in good yields. Several substituted phenylglyooxals were reacted
smoothly with indole or 2-methylindole and malononitrile to give the corresponding indole substituted
β,β-dicyanoketones in good yields. Treatment of the obtained β,β-dicyanoketones with sodium
borohydride in water furnished exclusively the indole substituted 2-amino-4,5-dihydro-3-
furancarbonitriles in good yields. We have developed an efficient straightforward access to indole substituted
β,β-dicyanoketones by one-pot three-component reaction of phenylglyoxals, indoles and
malononitrile. The synthetic utility of obtained indole substituted β,β-dicyanoketones has been outlined
by the preparation of indole substituted 2-amino-4,5-dihydro-3-furancarbonitriles. The advantage of
catalyst-free, atom-economical and environmental benignity render it promising methods for preparation
of indole substituted 2-amino-4,5-dihydro-3-furancarbonitriles.
Recent Advances in Azole Based Scaffolds as Anticandidal Agents
Authors: Gurubasavaraj Prabhuodeyara Math , Charantimath Jasmith Shivayya
Published: September 2018

Aim:

The present review aims to explore the development of novel antifungal agents, such as pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, spectrum of activity, safety, toxicity and other aspects that involve drug-drug interactions of the azole antifungal agents.

Introduction:

Fungal infections in critically ill and immune-compromised patients are increasing at alarming rates, caused mainly by Candida albicans an opportunistic fungus. Despite antifungal annihilators like amphotericin B, azoles and caspofungin, these infections are enormously increasing. The unconventional increase in such patients is a challenging task for the management of antifungal infections especially Candidiasis. Moreover, problem of toxicity associated with antifungal drugs on hosts and rise of drug-resistance in primary and opportunistic fungal pathogens has obstructed the success of antifungal therapy.

Conclusion:

Hence, to conflict these problems new antifungal agents with advanced efficacy, new formulations of drug delivery and novel compounds which can interact with fungal virulence are developed and used to treat antifungal infections.
Stiff Left Atrial Syndrome; Prospects and Possibilities. Retrospective Analysis and Review of the Literature
Authors: Chaudhry Muhammad Ali , Johnson Allen , Heywood James Thomas
Published: September 2018

Objectives: Stiff left atrial syndrome is an intriguing clinical phenomena characterized by
reduced left atrial compliance, pulmonary venous hypertension and exacerbations of volume
overload. We conducted a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with stiff left atrial syndrome
at our center.

Methods:

All patients admitted to our hospital with volume overload and pulmonary venous
hypertension who were diagnosed with stiff left atrial syndrome based on evidence by
echocardiogram and right heart catheterization between July 2011 and July 2013 were included in
this retrospective review.

Results:

Twentythree patients (mean age 73 ± 11 years, 39% male and 61% female) were diagnosed
with stiff left atrial syndrome at our center. Thirty-five percent had persistent while 39% had
permanent atrial fibrillation. Mean duration of atrial fibrillation was 7.6 ± 2.1 years. Forty-three
percent of patients had long standing hypertension. There was no mitral regurgitation in 39% of
patients while 48% had mild mitral regurgitation. On right heart catheterization, mean right atrial
pressure was 12.6±4.8 mm of Hg, mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 33±7.2 mm of Hg, mean
pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was 24.8± 4.2mm of Hg while peak V waves were seen at
mean of 37.8± 5.3 mm of Hg. Mean left atrial volume index was 49.8±17.1 mL/m 2. After the initial
diagnosis with a two year follow- up, there were no readmissions in 65% of patients who were on
appropriate diuretic therapy and had regular clinical visits. Frequent readmissions were seen in 35%
of patients inspite of appropriate diuretic therapy. All-cause mortality rate was 4.3% at two year
follow up.

Conclusion:

In patients with stiff left atrial syndrome, the presence of left atrial dilation, long
standing atrial fibrillation and hypertension are the key factors associated with pathogenesis and
clinical course. Close follow up and monitoring of volume status is essential to prevent hospital
readmissions and improve long term prognosis.
A Uterine Motion Classification in MRI Data for Female Infertility
Authors: Mori Kentaro , Tokunaga Yoshimitsu , Sakumoto Tetsurou , Nakashima Akira , Komesu Isamu , Hata Yutaka
Published: September 2018

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to classify complicated uterine movements obtained
by MRI scanner and investigate the relationship between uterine peristalsis and female infertility.

Methods:

Uterine movements are classified into six fundamental movements by their motility form
and directions. Computer simulation of the uterine movements is performed.

Results:

Comparison results between the real MRI images and the simulated images showed that
any five in our dataset uterine movement was successfully reproduced by a combination of these
six fundamental movements. The point and surface vibration model appropriately mimicked the
movements with the propagation velocity of 0.68 [mm/sec].

Conclusion:

By analyzing six fundamental movements using data from 26 MRI scans, it was
found that two fundamental movements were identified as candidate factors for female infertility.
Brief Overview of Frequently used Macrolides and Analytical Techniques for their Assessment
Authors: Sherazi Syed Tufail Hussain , Mahesar Sarfaraz Ahmed , Sirajuddin  , Malah Muhammad Ali
Published: September 2018

Background:

Macrolide antibiotics are known as versatile broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Macrolides belong to the oldest group of antibacterial agents. The macrolides which are frequently
used for clinical purposes are broadly categorized in three classes depending on the number of
membered macrocyclic lactone ring. These three classes actually consist of 14, 15 or 16 atoms in macrocyclic
lactone ring which are linked through glycosidic bonds. Erythromycin, azithromycin clarithromycin
and roxithromycin are frequently used to control against bacterial infections.

Methods:

The quality assurance and quality controls are important tasks in the pharmaceutical industries.
Consequently, to check the quality of drugs, there is a strong need to know about alternative
analytical methods for the routine analysis. Many methods have been reported in the literature for the
quantitative determination of erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin in
pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples.

Results:

This review will cover a brief introduction of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin and
roxithromycin as well as analytical techniques for their assessment. Each developed method has its
own merits and demerits.

Conclusion:

Any accurate method could be used for the quality control and quality assurance of
macrolide antibiotics according to the availability, performance and procedure of selected instrument
as well as skill and expertise of the analyst.
A Review for the Synthesis of Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles with Different Techniques and Their Ability to be Used for Drug Delivery
Authors: Gianak Olga , Kyzas George Z. , Samanidou Victoria F. , Deliyanni Eleni A.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Silk fibroin is the main protein of silk, and it has recently been evaluated for drug delivery applications due to its excellent properties. Specifically, silk fibroin exhibits good biocompatibility, biodegradability and low immunogenicity. Fibroin nanoparticles have attracted attention due to their high binding ability to different drugs as well as their ability for controlled drug release. The improvement of the therapeutic efficiency of drug encapsulation is important and depends on the particle size, the chemical structure and the properties of the silk fibroin nanoparticles.

Methods:

There is a variety of methods for the preparation of fibroin nanoparticles such as (i) electrospraying and desolvation method, (ii) supercritical fluid technologies, (iii) capillary-microdot technique, (iv) salting out etc. Furthermore, various techniques have been used for the characterization of nanoparticles such as SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), DLS (dynamic light scattering), Zeta-potential and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). Different drugs (paclitaxel, curcumin, 5-fluorouracil etc) have been encapsulated in fibroin nanoparticles.

Results:

Each separated synthesis method has different advantages such as (i) high yield, (ii) avoid use of toxic solvents, (iii) low cost, (iv) controllable particle size, (v) no organic solvent residue, (vi) simplicity of operation, (vii) small particles size, (viii) homeliness of operation, (ix) restrainable particle size, (x) easy and safe to operate, (xi) no use of organic solvent. Moreover, some major drugs studied are Floxuridine, Fluorouracil, Curcumin, Doxorubicin, Metotrexate, Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin, Horseradish peroxidase. All the above combinations (preparation method-drug) are studied in detail.

Conclusion:

Various drugs have been encapsulated successfully in silk fibroin and all of them exhibit a significant release rate. Finally, the encapsulation efficiency and release rate depend on the molecular weight of the drugs and it can be adjusted by controlling the crystallinity and concentration of silk fibroin.
Electrochemical Determination of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Karadurmus Leyla , Sahin I. Firat , Kurbanoglu Sevinc , Ozkan Sibel A.
Published: September 2018

Electrochemical methods have been used for the determination of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) just as used in the determination of various drugs. Among voltammetric methods; differential pulse voltammetric method, square wave voltammetric method and linear sweep voltammetric method are the most commonly used ones. NSAIDs are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as musculoskeletal disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, acute gouty arthritis) and dental pain, menstrual pain, postoperative pain and migraine. In this review, some selected recent electrochemical studies were selected related to the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug analyzes. The aim of this review is to evaluate and discuss the advantages, details and usages of electroanalytical methods in the determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
Cadmium Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Strain of Pantoea agglomerans UCP1320 Isolated from Laundry Effluent
Authors: L. Acioly Leonila. M. , Cavalcanti Davi , Luna Marcos C. , V. Júnior José  C. , S. Andrade Rosileide F. , de Lima e Silva Thayse A. , La Rotta Camilo E. , Campos-Takaki Galba  M.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Cadmium (Cd), which is a deadly heavy metal of work-related and environmental concern, has been recognized as a substance that is teratogenic and carcinogenic for humans. Therefore, the need to develop low-cost adsorbents to remove heavy metals from aqueous solution has greatly increased. Adsorbents such as Pantoea agglomerans biomass have been used.

Aims:

We investigated the biotechnological potential of Pantoea agglomerans for the biosorption of cadmium from aqueous solution.

Patients and Methods:

Pantoea agglomerans UCP1320 isolated from the effluent of a laundry industry was used to remove cadmium from aqueous solutions. Two approaches were compared using active or thermally inactivated biomass. Three different cadmium concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 ppm were used under constant stirring at temperatures of 25°C and 35°C as was pH of 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0. Variable incubation times of 1, 6, and 24h were also studied.

Results:

The results showed that the temperature did not influence the uptake of metal by living cells nor by inactive bacterial biomass. However, increasing the pH had a positive effect on removing intermediate concentrations of cadmium. Low concentrations of cadmium were completely removed by both live and inactive biomass.

Conclusion:

Pantoea agglomerans biomass was shown to have a promising performance for the biotechnological removal of cadmium which had been dissolved in aqueous solution.
Predicting Obstetric Disease With Machine Learning Applied to Patient-Reported Data (Preprint)
Authors: Bradley Danielle , Landau Erin , Wolfberg Adam , Baron Alex
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

The rise of highly engaging digital health mobile apps over the past few years has created repositories containing billions of patient-reported data points that have the potential to inform clinical research and advance medicine.

OBJECTIVE

To determine if self-reported data could be leveraged to create machine learning algorithms to predict the presence of, or risk for, obstetric outcomes and related conditions.

METHODS

More than 10 million women have downloaded Ovia Health’s three mobile apps (Ovia Fertility, Ovia Pregnancy, and Ovia Parenting). Data points logged by app users can include information about menstrual cycle, health history, current health status, nutrition habits, exercise activity, symptoms, or moods. Machine learning algorithms were developed using supervised machine learning methodologies, specifically, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree algorithms. Each algorithm was developed and trained using anywhere from 385 to 5770 features and data from 77,621 to 121,740 app users.

RESULTS

Algorithms were created to detect the risk of developing preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm delivery, as well as to identify the presence of existing preeclampsia. The positive predictive value (PPV) was set to 0.75 for all of the models, as this was the threshold where the researchers felt a clinical response—additional screening or testing—would be reasonable, due to the likelihood of a positive outcome. Sensitivity ranged from 24% to 75% across all models. When PPV was adjusted from 0.75 to 0.52, the sensitivity of the preeclampsia prediction algorithm rose from 24% to 85%. When PPV was adjusted from 0.75 to 0.65, the sensitivity of the preeclampsia detection or diagnostic algorithm increased from 37% to 79%.

CONCLUSIONS

Algorithms based on patient-reported data can predict serious obstetric conditions with accuracy levels sufficient to guide clinical screening by health care providers and health plans. Further research is needed to determine whether such an approach can improve outcomes for at-risk patients and reduce the cost of screening those not at risk. Presenting the results of these models to patients themselves could also provide important insight into otherwise unknown health risks.
Prospective Real-World Performance Evaluation of a Machine Learning Algorithm to Predict 30-Day Readmissions in Patients with Heart Failure Using Electronic Medical Record Data (Preprint)
Authors: Kakarmath Sujay S , Derakhshani Neda , Golas Sara B. , Felsted Jennifer , Shibahara Takuma , Aoki Hideo , Takata Mika , Naono Ken , Kvedar Joseph , Jethwani Kamal , Agboola Stephen
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Heart failure (HF) patients have a high readmission rate with approximately 20% of patients being readmitted within 30-days after discharge. Hospital interventions to reduce HF readmissions are resource- and effort-intensive. Widespread availability of electronic medical record data has spurred interest in using machine learning-based techniques for risk stratification of heart failure patients. The predictive performance of machine learning-based predictive models is often evaluated solely using the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) curve. However, the AUROC is independent of prevalence therefore predictive models with the same AUROC can have differential clinical utility. Furthermore, the AUROC does not provide any insight about the presence of overfitting or decay in predictive performance of a model over time, both of which can affect its real-world performance.

OBJECTIVE

Our primary objective is to assess real-world performance of a 30-day readmission risk prediction model for HF patients, which had an AUROC of 0.71 in the training dataset.

METHODS

Predictions for risk of 30-day readmissions in HF patients in the Partners Healthcare System were prospectively obtained from the model. We assessed the positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), in addition to sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, model calibration and Brier score.

RESULTS

Four hundred twenty index admissions that were not part of the training dataset were included in this prospective evaluation. Readmission rate was 24% (101 30-day readmissions). The AUROC of the predictive model was 0.57. At a discrimination threshold of 0.2 for flagging high-risk index admissions, the sensitivity and specificity of the model were 53.46% and 63.32%, respectively. The PPV and NPV were 31.57% and 81.12%, respectively. The Brier score was 0.19.

CONCLUSIONS

Our analysis offers important insights about the real-world performance of this predictive model. The NPV suggests that the model’s prediction about patients at low risk for readmission are reliable. This insight can be useful in optimizing resource allocation for patients with heart failure.
Participant Engagement in a Commercially Available App-Based Mindfulness Training Intervention Delivered to Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer (Preprint)
Authors: Rosen Kristen , Potter Jennifer
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Mindfulness training may improve quality of life (QoL) among women diagnosed with breast cancer, yet barriers associated with instructor-facilitated training (eg, cost, location, time) may limit uptake. Self-directed mindfulness training using smartphone apps may overcome these barriers. However, little is known about who may be most likely to engage in app-based mindfulness training (AMT) interventions.

OBJECTIVE

We examined baseline predictors of app engagement among women diagnosed with breast cancer (≤5 years) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a commercially available AMT intervention (Headspace).

METHODS

Participants (n=57) received AMT as part of a 12-week RCT. Headspace was available for download from iTunes or Google Play. Participants were asked to complete app registration using a unique activation code and complete ≥ 1 mindfulness session; this was defined as “minimum dose.” Overall, AMT engagement was self-guided. Participants completed baseline measures of QoL (FACT-B), dispositional mindfulness (MAAS), pain severity and interference (BPI-sf), and demographics. Log data was obtained from the app developers at the end of the study. AMT engagement was characterized by: attaining minimum dose, number of mindfulness sessions completed, and duration (minutes) of overall mindfulness practice.

RESULTS

Overall, 34 participants completed app registration and ≥1 mindfulness session (minimum dose). Over the 12-week trial, the median number of mindfulness sessions completed was 11.50 with a range of 1-87 sessions completed. Median duration of overall mindfulness practice was 115 minutes, with a range of 10-1411 minutes. Participants who attained minimum dose had greater baseline physical well-being (mean 20.74 [SD 5.67]) compared to those who did not have any recorded engagement with AMT (mean 16.43 [SD 8.15]; t[36.2]=-2.20, P=.04). Pain severity was lower for participants who attained minimum dose (mean 3.12 (SD 1.69]) compared to those who did not (mean 4.61 [SD 2.05]; t[29]=2.20, P=.04). Other domains of QoL, dispositional mindfulness, pain-related interference, and demographics did not differ between groups. Among those who attained minimum dose, only pain-related interference was associated with fewer mindfulness sessions completed (P=.05).

CONCLUSIONS

App engagement was not recorded for slightly fewer than half of participants (ie, did not complete registration and ≥1 mindfulness session). Although reasons for non-adherence are unclear, findings suggest physical well-being and pain-related factors may be associated with participant AMT engagement. Given mindfulness practice time is associated with mindfulness skills uptake, future studies should explore approaches to optimize AMT engagement among participants with greater physical well-being and pain-related concerns.
Design and Preliminary Findings From a New Electronic Cohort Embedded in the Framingham Heart Study (Preprint)
Authors: McManus David D , Trinquart Ludovic , Benjamin Emelia J , Manders Emily S , Fusco Kelsey , Jung Lindsey S , Spartano Nicole L , Kheterpal Vik , Nowak Christopher , Sardana Mayank , Murabito Joanne M
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

New models of scalable population-based data collection that integrate digital and mobile health (mHealth) data are necessary.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to describe a cardiovascular digital and mHealth electronic cohort (e-cohort) embedded in a traditional longitudinal cohort study, the Framingham Heart Study (FHS).

METHODS

We invited eligible and consenting FHS Generation 3 and Omni participants to download the electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS) app onto their mobile phones and co-deployed a digital blood pressure (BP) cuff. Thereafter, participants were also offered a smartwatch (Apple Watch). Participants are invited to complete surveys through the eFHS app, to perform weekly BP measurements, and to wear the smartwatch daily.

RESULTS

Up to July 2017, we enrolled 790 eFHS participants, representing 76% (790/1044) of potentially eligible FHS participants. eFHS participants were, on average, 53±8 years of age and 57% were women. A total of 85% (675/790) of eFHS participants completed all of the baseline survey and 59% (470/790) completed the 3-month survey. A total of 42% (241/573) and 76% (306/405) of eFHS participants adhered to weekly digital BP and heart rate (HR) uploads, respectively, over 12 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS

We have designed an e-cohort focused on identifying novel cardiovascular disease risk factors using a new smartphone app, a digital BP cuff, and a smartwatch. Despite minimal training and support, preliminary findings over a 3-month follow-up period show that uptake is high and adherence to periodic app-based surveys, weekly digital BP assessments, and smartwatch HR measures is acceptable.
A Framework for Mobile Health, Smartphone/Device and App Competencies for Psychiatry and Medicine (Preprint)
Authors: Technology In Medical Education For Psychiatry Donald , Chan Steven , Torous John , Luo John , Boland Robert , Bauer Amy M.
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Technology use is ubiquitous in the digital age, especially in the X, Millennial/Y and Z generations. To ensure quality care, clinicians need skills, knowledge and attitudes that can be measured. This paper proposes mobile health, smartphone/device and app competencies based on a literature review, expert consensus and recommendations of the Institute of Medicine’s Health Professions Educational Summit.

OBJECTIVE

Outline competencies for mH, SP/D and apps using the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) framework.

METHODS

Literature is integrated on patient-, learner-, competency- and outcome-based themes from the fields of technology, healthcare, pedagogy and business. Mobile health, smartphone/device and app competencies may be situated within the graduate medical education domains of patient care, medical knowledge, practice based learning and improvement, systems based practice, professionalism, and interpersonal skills and communication. Teaching methods are suggested to align competency outcomes, learning context and evaluation.

RESULTS

Health care via mobile health (mH), smartphone/device (SP/D) and apps have enough similarities to in-person and telepsychiatric care that competencies can be placed in milestone domains. Additional competencies are needed since mH includes clinical decision support, device/technology assessment/selection and information flow management across an e-platform. Since care with mH may have asynchronous components – like social media – competencies for trainees and clinicians may help them shift traditional learning, teaching, supervisory and evaluation practices to achieve targeted outcomes. Clinicians have to best assess, triage and treat patients using technology in a much broader context, while maintaining the therapeutic relationship. Curricula with interactive case-, problem- and system-based teaching are suggested for faculty, along with clinical exposure to new technologies and adaptation of systems-based practice. Health systems need to manage change and create a positive e-culture.

CONCLUSIONS

Research is needed on implementing and evaluating mH competencies, organization change with technology and how a paradigm shift like mobile health re-contextualizes digital healthcare

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable.
Optimalisasi Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pengembangan Kota Layak Anak Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Sosial Masyarakat (Studi Di Kecamatan Gedongtengen, Kota Yogyakarta Provinsi DI Yogyakarta)
Authors: Novika Boby
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to analyzed the optimization of the implementation of the city development policy and its impact on social resilience of people in Gedongtengen Sub-District, Yogyakarta City.This type of research was qualitative. Data analysis technique used was descriptive analytical technique. Data collection techniques consisted of two parts: (1) primary data in the form of in-depth interview, observation, documentation; and (2) secondary data in the form of supporting documents, secondary photographs and other data sources from printed and electronic media.  The result of the research showed that the implementation of child friendly city developmentpolicy had not been optimally done in Gedongtengen Sub-District of Yogyakarta City. Implementation of policy functions such as preparation, planning, and coaching aspects found a number of obstacles that the implications had not been widespread in the Gedongtengen Sub-District, Yogyakarta. On the other hand, the policy development of child friendly city had the potential to be synergized with youth friendly municipal development policies in IndonesiaABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis optimalisasi pelaksanaan kebijakan pengembangan Kota Layak Anak dan dampaknya terhadap ketahanan sosial masyarakat di Kecamatan Gedongtengen Kota Yogyakarta.Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik deskriptif analitis. Teknik pengumpulan data terdiri dari dua bagian: (1) data primer berupa wawancara mendalam, observasi, dokumentasi; dan (2) data sekunder berupa dokumen pendukung, foto sekunder serta data lainnya yang bersumber dari media cetak maupun elektronik.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan kebijakan pengembangan Kota Layak Anak belum optimal dilakukan di Kecamatan Gedongtengen Kota Yogyakarta. Pelaksanaan fungsi-fungsi kebijakan seperti aspek persiapan, aspek perencanaan, serta aspek pembinaan menemukan sejumlah kendala sehingga belum berimplikasi luas di Kecamatan Gedongtengen Kota Yogyakarta. Pada sisi yang lain, kebijakan pengembangan Kota Layak Anak memiliki potensi untuk dapat bersinergi dengan kebijakan pengembangan kota layak pemuda di Indonesia.
Hakikat Adil Dan Makmur Sebagai Landasan Hidup Dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Untuk Mencapai Masyarakat Sejahtera Melalui Pembangunan Nasional Berdasarkan Pancasila
Authors: Sudjana Sudjana
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT This article examined the nature of prosperousness as the foundation of life of the Indonesian nation towards a prosperous society so that a philosophical approach was realized in a practical level (operational) through the national development. The research used the method of approach philosophical; stages of research, the study of literature; and data analysis, descriptive philosophical.The study results could be stated that fairness and prosperousness were terms that could not be separated, even though both of them were the object of study of science that it was different. Fairness or justice was the study of law and one of the objectives of the law while the prosperousness focused on meeting basic human needs. It was one of economic studies. Fair and prosperous were related to the time, place and the philosophy was adopted by a group of people who called himself as a country. Thus the implementation of both institutions in national development must be understood in the context and could not be separated from the culture, ideology, philosophy of life and philosophy of the nation that was followed. The essence of prosperousness based on Pancasila was social justice and social prosperity through national development in all fields for all the people of Indonesia proportionally and equally and it was inspired by the values of Pancasila unanimously and intactly.ABSTRAKKajian ini membahas hakikat adil dan makmur  sebagai landasan hidup  bangsa Indonesia menuju  masyarakat yang sejahtera, sehingga  pendekatannya lebih bersifat filosofis tetapi kemudian diwujudkan dalam tatanan praktis (operasional) melalui pembangunan nasional.Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode pendekatan filosofis ; tahap penelitian, studi kepustakaan; dan analisis data, deskriptif filosofis.Hasil kajian yang dapat dikemukakan adalah bahwa adil dan makmur adalah istilah yang tidak dapat dipisahkan, meskipun kedua hal  tersebut merupakan obyek kajian dari ilmu yang berbeda. Keadilan  atau adil adalah kajian hukum dan merupakan salah satu tujuan dari hukum, sedangkan makmur lebih menitikberatkan pada pemenuhan  kebutuhan pokok manusia, sehingga merupakan kajian ekonomi.  Adil dan makmur bersifat relatif, bergantung pada waktu, tempat serta falsafah yang dianut oleh sekelompok masyarakat yang kemudian menamakan dirinya sebagai negara. Dengan demikian penerapan kedua pranata tersebut dalam pembangunan nasional harus dipahami dalam konteks yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari budaya, ideologi, pandangan hidup serta  falsafah bangsa yang dianutnya. Hakikat adil dan makmur berdasarkan Pancasila merupakan keadilan sosial dan kemakmuran sosial melalui pembangunan nasional di segala bidang untuk seluruh rakyat  Indonesia  secara proporsional (sebanding) dan merata yang dijiwai oleh nilai-nilai  Pancasila secara bulat dan utuh.
Ekspresi Gen CYP19 Aromatase, Estrogen, Androgen pada penderita Periodontitis Agresif
Authors: Herawati Dahlia , Kadarsih Sri , Artama Wayan T , Suryono S.
Published: September 2018

Kepadatan tulang tubuh ditentukan oleh gen CYP19 aromatase, hormon estrogen dan androgen. Pada periodontitis agresif terjadi perkembangan cepat kerusakan tulang alveolar, dan kerusakan tulang alveoler tersebut tidak diimbangioleh regenerasi tulang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menunjukkan ekspresi gen CYP19 aromatase, estrogen, androgen pada penderita periodontitis agresif agar dapat untuk menjadi pertimbangan pada saat melakukan perawatan periodontal. Metode penelitian, pemeriksaan ekspresi gen aromatse CYP19 berasal dari spesimen tulang alveolar menggunakan imunohistokimia, pengukuran hormon estrogen dan androgen dari serum menggunakan Vidas: Elfa. Hasil penelitian ekspresi gene CYP19 aromatase pada periodontitis agresif menunjukkan gambaran lebih rendah densitasnya dibandingkan pada nonperiodontitis. Estrogen dan androgen pad aperiodontitis agresif ada kecenderungan lebih rendah dibandingkan pada nonperiodontitis. Kesimpulan regenerasi tulang alveoler pad a periodontitis agresif terhambat karena sedikitnya gen CYP19 aromatase dan hormon estrogen dan androgen yang berperan pada pembentukan tulang alveoler kurang memadai.
Efek Ketebalan Semen Ionomer Kaca dan Resin Komposit terhadap Kekuatan Tekan Tumpatan Sandwich
Authors: Nugraheni Tunjung
Published: September 2018

Tuntutan masyarakat terhadap tumpatan sewarna gigi semakin tinggi. Pada kasus-kasus tertentu teknik restorasi dengan menggunakan dua bahan restorasi yang berbeda (teknik tumpatan sandwich) diperlukan untuk mendapatkan restorasi yang dapat melekat kuat dan mempunyai estetika yang bagus. Teknik tumpatan sandwich yang sering dilakukan adalah menggunakan semen ionomer kaca dan resin komposit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek perbedaan ketebalan semen ionomer kaca dan resin komposit terhadap kekuatan tekan tumpatan sandwich secara in vitro. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 40 subjek penelitian berupa tumpatan sandwich yang dibuat pada cetakan fiber dengan kavitas berbentuk sHinder dengan diameter 5 mm dan tinggi 5 mm. Semua kavitas ditumpat dengan semen ionomer kaca dan resin komposit dengan teknik sandwich, dengan perbandingan ketebalan yang berbeda. Kelompok I dilakukan penumpatan semen ionomer kaca tipe II dan resin komposit packable dengan perbandingan 1:4, kelompok II dengan perbandingan 2:3, kelompok III dengan perbandingan 3:2, kelompok IV dengan perbandingan 4:1. Selanjutnya seluruh subjek penelitian direndam dalam saliva tiruan pH 6,7 dan disimpan pada suhu 370C selama 24 jam dalam inkubator, kemudian diukur kekuatan tekan menggunakan alat uji tekan Universal Testing Machine. Hasil analisis dengan Anava satu jalur menunjukkan perbedaan ketebalan semen ionomer kaca dan resin komposit mempunyai efek yang bermakna terhadap kekuatan tekan tumpatan sandwich (p < 0,05). Hasil uji LSD rerata kekuatan tekan antar kelompok 1,11,III dan IV berbeda bermakna (p < 0,05), dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan ketebalan semen ionomer kaca dan resin komposit berpengaruh terhadap kekuatan tekan tumpatan sandwich.
Apeksifikasi Akibat Trauma Menggunakan Kalsium Hidroksida pada Anak Umur 8 Tahun
Authors: Elianora Dewi , Mahendra Putri Kusuma Wardhani , Rantinah Siti Bale Sri
Published: September 2018

Kasus trauma banyak terjadi pada gigi permanen muda. Salah satu perawatan yang dilakukan adalah dengan apeksifikasi, dan bahan yang sering dipakai adalah kalsium hidroksid. Tujuan dari laporan kasus ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi keberhasilan dari apeksifikasi. Dilaporkan anak dengan usia 8 tahun yang mengalami trauma pada gigi 21. Keadaan gigi non vital, pemeriksaan radiografi menunjukkan terdapat area radiolusen pada ujung akar dan terlihat ujung akar masih terbuka. Dilakukan apeksifikasi dengan mengunakan bahan kalsium hidroksida. Evaluasi dengan pemeriksaan radiografi setelah 3 bulan menunjukkan hilangnya area radiolusen dan ujung akar sudah menutup. Evaluasi 6 bulan terdapat pertambahan panjang akar.
Penggunaan Karet Elastik Vertikal pada Perawatan Kasus Open Bite dengan Alat Ortodontik Teknik Begg
Authors: Himawati Marlin , Ardhana Wayan
Published: September 2018

Karet elastik ortodontik dapat digunakan pada berbagai macam maloklusi, yaitu maloklusi kelas I, kelas II, kelas III, terutama pada kasus open bite. Efek dari penggunaan elastik adalah pergerakan horizontal, vertikal, transversal, distalisasi dan mesialisasi mandibula, ekstrusi gigi, space closing, midline shifting, perbaikan hubungan intercanine dan opening bite. Ada berbagai macam bentuk karet dengan ukuran dan kekuatan yang berbeda-beda tergantung dari rencana perawatan yang diinginkan. Tujuan dari artikel ini untuk menerangkan manfaat dari karet elastik pada kasus open bite. Pada laporan ini disajikan dua kasus open bite. Kasus: perempuan 19 tahun mengeluhkan gigi depan atas miring, terbuka dan berjejal. Diagnosis: Maloklusi Angle Klas I, skeletal klas I dengan bimaksiler dan bid ental protrusi, disertai anterior dan posterior open bite. Kasus kedua, perempuan 15 tahun, keluhan tidak bisa menggigit dengan baik karena gigitannya terbuka. Diagnosis: maloklusi Angle klas I, skeletal kelas II dengan maksila protrusif, disertai anterior open bite. Pada kedua kasus dilakukan perawatan dengan alat ortodontik cekat teknik Begg. Karet elastik vertikal digunakan pada saat koreksi open bite dan interdigitasi. Hasil: koreksi inklinasi gigi-gigi rahang atas dan bawah, overjet dan overbite terkoreksi, tidak ada sisa ruang, koreksi aksial gigi-gigi, dan perbaikan interdigitasi sesuai dengan oklusi normal. Penggunaan karet elastik vertikal pada perawatan ortodontik cekat dengan teknik 8egg dapat mengoreksi kasus open bite dan memperbaiki interdigitasi pasien.
Efek Radiasi Ionisasi terhadap Ekspresi mRNA Aquaporin-5 Kelenjar Submandibularis dan mRNA Aquaporin-3 Gingiva hal 15-20
Authors: Murdiastuti Kwartarini
Published: September 2018

Latar Belakang. Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) di kelenjar submandibularis adalah salah satu anggota protein transmembran/ aquaporins (AQPs) yang memfasilitasi gerakan saliva sehingga mampu melewati membran sel. Di gingiva juga terekspresi aquaporin-3 (AQP3) yang diperkirakan juga berperan penting untuk memfasilitasi cairan sulkus gingiva sehingga dapat melewati jaringan ini. Sampai saat ini masih sedikit sekali informasi tentang dampak penggunaan radiasi ionisasi terhadap ekspresi aquaporins (AQPs), yang mendasari terjadinya xerostomia. Melalui pendekatan patologi molekuler, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek radiasi ionisasi terhadap ekspresi mRNA AQP5 pada kelenjar submandibula dan mRNA AQP3 gingiva. Metodologi. Penelitian dilakukan pada 20 Rattus novergicus keturunan kedua, sehat, jantan, usia 3-4 bulan, berat badan ± 200 gr kemudian dibagi 2 kelompok, tanpa radiasi dan dengan radiasi C060dosis 10 gray pada ventral tikus. Pengambilan kelenjar submandibularis, dan gingiva dengan pembedahan. Seluruh sampel yang terkumpul dilakukan isolasi RNA dan dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan RT-PCR. Hasil. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan gambaran ketebalan band/pita ketika dibatasi oleh primer untuk identifikasi ekspresi mRNA AQP-5 kelenjar submandibularis tikus serta ekspresi mRNA AQP3 gingiva tikus akibat radiasi ionisasi 10 Gy. Kesimpulan. Terdapat penurunan ekspresi mRNA AQP5 kelenjar submandibula dan mRNA AQP3 gingiva akibat radiasi ionisasi ekspresi mRNA AQP5 pada kelenjar submandibula dan mRNA AQP3 gingiva.
Efek Pengunyahan Permen Karet Gula dan Xylitol terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus Mutans pada Plak Gigi
Authors: Kusumaningsari Volanda , Handajani Juni
Published: September 2018

Latar Belakang. Manusia memiliki flora normal yang hidup di dalam tubuhnya. Salah satu flora normal di rongga mulut adalah bakteri Streptococcus mutans yang memiliki kaitan erat dengan insidensi karies. Sekarang banyak beredar produk permen karet di masyarakat yang mengandung gula dan xylitol. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek mengunyah permen karet gula dan xylitol terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. mutans pada plak gigi. Metode penelitian. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 15 orang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok masing-masing 5 orang, yaitu mengunyah permen karet gula, xylitol dan buah ape I sebagai kontrol. Pengambilan plak dilakukan pada hari pertama sebelum diberi perlakuan (pre-tesQ dan hari keempat setelah diberi perlakuan (post-tesQ. Subjek diminta untuk melakukan scalling sebelum pengambilan data pre-test agar skor plak awal semua subjek nol. Subjek mengunyah 1 butir permen karet setelah makan atau 3 kali sehari selama 10 menit. Subjek tidak diperbolehkan makan dan minum selama 1 jam sebelum pengambilan data post-test. Plak ditanam dalam media agar TYCSB (tryptone-yeast-cysteine-sucrose-bacitracin) lalu diinkubasi selama 72 jam pada kondisi anaerob dengan suhu 37°C. Penghitungan jumlah bakteri S. mutans dilakukan secara manual menggunakan counter. Analisis data dengan uji statistik Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan jumlah bakteri S. mutans pada plak gigi pada pengunyahan permen karet kandungan gula, sedangkan pengunyahan permen karet kandungan xylitol dapat menurunkan bermakna jumlah bakteri S. mutans. Kesimpulan. Pengunyahan perm en karet xylitol dapat menurunkan jumlah S. mutans pada plak gigi tetapi permen karet gula meningkatkan jumlah S. mutans.
Perawatan Saluran Akar Multi Kunjungan Protaper Rotary Files Single Cone pada Nekrosis Pulpa Disertai Asses Dentoalveolar Akut (terhadap Gigi Molar Pertama Kiri Mandibula)
Authors: Sujatmiko Billy , Retnowati Endang Retnowati
Published: September 2018

Latar belakang. Perawatan saluran akar multi kunjungan merupakan perawatan endodonlik yang diperuntukan untuk kasus-kasus yang memerlukan proses penyembuhan antar kunjungan dan di peruntukan untuk lesi-Iesi akut dan merupakan kotra indikasi perawatan saluran akar satu kunjungan. Tujuan. Kasus ini adalah untuk untuk menginformasikan hasil evaluasi perawatan saluran akar multi kunjungan pada gigi molar pertama kiri mandibula yang nekrosis pulpa dengan abses dentoalveolar akut. Kasus. Pasien perempuan berusia 20 tahun datang ke klinik Konservasi Gigi RSGM FKG UGM ingin merawat gigi bawah kiri yang mengalami rasa sa kit aku!. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan subyektif, obyektif dan radiografis diperoleh diagnosis gigi molar pertama kiri mandibula nekrosis pulpa dengan abses dentoalviolar akut. Penanganan. Perawatan yang dilakukan perawatan saluran akar multi kunjungan protaper rotary files, kunjungan sebanyak 3 kali kunjungan dan diobturasi dengan metode single cone dan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan perawatan crown lengthening pemasangan pasak radix anchor, pembuatan inti dan pembuatan jaket full crown fused to metal. Hasil. Evaluasi klinis pad a waktu kontrol gigi menunjukkan perkusi, palpasi sudah tidak terasa sakit pemeriksaan radiografi menunjukkan sudah tidak ada kelainan gambaran radiolusen.