bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mid-Childhood Outcomes of Repeat Antenatal Corticosteroids: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Crowther Caroline A. , Anderson Peter J. , McKinlay Christopher J.D. , Harding Jane E. , Ashwood Pat J. , Haslam Ross R. , Robinson Jeffery S. , Doyle Lex W. ,   for the ACTORDS Follow-up Group
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE:

To assess if exposure to repeat dose(s) of antenatal corticosteroids has beneficial effects on neurodevelopment and general health in mid-childhood, at 6 to 8 years’ corrected age.

METHODS:

Women at risk for very preterm birth, who had received a course of corticosteroids ≥7 days previously, were randomized to intramuscular betamethasone (11.4 mg Celestone Chronodose) or saline placebo, repeated weekly if risk of very preterm birth remained. Mid-childhood assessments included neurocognitive function, behavior, growth, lung function, blood pressure, health-related quality of life, and health service utilization. The primary outcome was survival free of neurosensory disability.

RESULTS:

Of the 1059 eligible long-term survivors, 963 (91%) were included in the primary outcome; 479 (91%) in the repeat corticosteroid group and 484 (91%) in the placebo group. The rate of survival free of neurosensory disability was similar in both groups (78.3% repeat versus 77.3% placebo; risk ratio 1.00, 95% confidence interval, 0.94–1.08). Neurodevelopment, including cognitive function, and behavior, body size, blood pressure, spirometry, and health-related quality of life were similar in both groups, as was the use of health services.

CONCLUSIONS:

Treatment with repeat dose(s) of antenatal corticosteroids was associated with neither benefit nor harm in mid-childhood. Our finding of long-term safety supports the use of repeat dose(s) of antenatal corticosteroids, in view of the related neonatal benefits. For women at risk for preterm birth before 32 weeks’ gestation, ≥7 days after an initial course of antenatal corticosteroids, clinicians could consider using a single injection of betamethasone, repeated weekly if risk remains.
Polychaetes from red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) and their relationship with the water conditions in the Gulf of Urabá, Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Fernandez-Rodríguez Vanessa , Londoño-Mesa Mario H. , Ramírez-Restrepo John Jairo
Published: September 2016

Los poliquetos tienen un papel importante en la ecología de las comunidades bénticas, dominan la infauna, reciclan nutrientes de la columna de agua y son comúnmente usados como indicadores biológicos. En el Golfo de Urabá (Caribe Colombiano), específicamente para las zonas de Bahía Marirrío y Ensenada de Rionegro no existen estudios sobre la ecología de los poliquetos, solo se han desarrollado algunos estudos taxonómicos. En esta investigación se evaluó la relación entre algunas variables fisicoquímicas y las especies de poliquetos encontradas. Adicionalmente, se realizaron algunas observaciones sobre las distribución espacial de estas especies en las dos zonas de estudio. Se encontró que las variables que mejor explican las segregación de las especies de poliquetos fueron el oxígeno disuelto y la conductividad eléctrica; la temperatura no tuvo un efecto significativo. En términos de distribución espacial se encontró que las especies Alitta succinea, Capitella cf. capitata y Ficopomatus miamiensis ocuparon las zonas interna, media y externa de las dos áreas de estudio en las dos temporadas de muestreo; mientras que Ficopomatus uschakovi (temporada de lluvia) y Stenoninereis sp. 1 (ambas temporadas) fueron registradas solamente la Ensenada de Rionegro en diferentes temporadas. Finalmente, las especies Nicolea modesta es registrada por primera vez para el Golfo de Urabá.
The mandibular muscles of the Puma concolor (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)
Authors: Llanos Romina Paola , Andrade Analía , Ibiricu Lucio Manuel , Carrera Marcelo
Published: September 2016

En este trabajo se describen los músculos mandibulares del puma (Puma concolor), un mamífero carnívoro de amplia distribución en América. Se disecaron y fotografiaron los músculos izquierdos y derechos de la cabeza de tres individuos, dos machos adultos y una hembra juvenil. Este estudio incrementa nuestro conocimiento de los tejidos blandos mandibulares y por lo tanto, aporta información anatómica valiosa de la escasamente conocida y documentada musculatura de este félido, el más grande de la subfamilia Felinae.
Caracterización molecular del Potato virus V (PVV) infectando Solanum phureja mediante secuenciación de nueva generación
Authors: Álvarez Yepes Daniela , Gutiérrez Sánchez Pablo Andrés , Marín Montoya Mauricio
Published: September 2016

Las enfermedades virales son uno de los problemas más limitantes para la producción de papa en el mundo. Uno de los materiales de papa más susceptibles a los virus corresponde a Solanum phureja; sin embargo, en Colombia son pocos los estudios adelantados sobre los agentes causales que lo afectan. En este trabajo se realizó una caracterización molecular del Potato virus V (PVV) infectando plantas de S. phureja en Antioquia, utilizando métodos de secuenciación de nueva generación (NGS), pruebas de DAS-ELISA, RT-PCR en tiempo real (RT-qPCR) y RT-PCR convencional. Los resultados indican la ocurrencia de niveles muy variables de incidencia del virus entre lotes de cultivo (6,7 % a 86 %). El PVV tiene un genoma de 9828 nt que codifica para una poliproteína de 3066 aa y presenta dos variantes principales (Var_A y Var_B) en proporciones de 72 y 28 %. Estas variantes comparten altos niveles de identidad genética (99,7 % en todo el genoma) entre ellas y con respecto a la cepa PVV-Phureja reportada en Colombia, pero no con otras cepas del mundo (82-83 %). Con base en dichos genomas, se diseñaron y evaluaron en muestras foliares de S. phureja, dos pares de cebadores para la detección del virus en pruebas de RT-PCR (459 pb) y RT-qPCR (89 pb, Ct=12,08-21,86 y Tm= 78,7 °C-80,2 °C), confirmándose la presencia de este virus en tejidos sintomáticos y asintomáticos de papa criolla. La ocurrencia generalizada de PVV en los cultivos de S. phureja indica la necesidad de incorporar en los programas de certificación de tubérculos-semilla de S. phureja en Colombia el diagnóstico de este virus.
La medición de la eficiencia y la productividad. Antonio Álvarez Pinilla (Coordinador). Madrid: Editorial Pirámide. 2013.
Authors: Becerra Peña Diana Lizette
Published: September 2016

A través de la obra La medición de la eficiencia y la productividad, financiada por el Banco Mundial y el Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, se pretende acercar al lectora las cuestiones de la estimación de la productividad y la eficiencia.La selección de este material se hace con base en el creciente interés por evaluar los niveles de producción ante un entorno de recursos limitados. Si bien la eficiencia lleva implícita la idea de conseguir la mayor productividad posible, ambos elementos no son sinónimos; la productividad está determinada por la relación que existe entre los insumos utilizados y la cantidad de productos resultantes, mientras que la eficiencia describe cómo es la relación manifestada entre un nivel de producción observado y el nivel ideal de esta, con lo que destaca la importancia que tiene ahondar en el tema para una mejor comprensión.El libro es resultado del trabajo coordinado por el profesor Antonio M. Álvarez Pinilla, aunado a los esfuerzos de un grupo conformado por veintiún investigadores en las áreas de economía, estadística, econometría, negocios y administración, provenientes principalmente del Departamento de Economía de la Universidad de Oviedo, así como de otras universidades españolas y extranjeras, donde la elección de los colaboradores se ha hecho con base en el prestigio que se tiene sobre la temática, de manera que se ofrezca al lector una obra con aportaciones enriquecedoras.
Modelado y comportamiento de la simulación de propagación eléctrica durante la estimulación cerebral profunda
Authors: Alvarado Pablo Alejandro , Torres Valencia Cristian Alejandro , Orozco Gutiérrez Álvaro Ángel , Álvarez López Mauricio Alexander , Daza Santacoloma Genaro , Carmona Vilada Hans
Published: September 2016

La Estimulación Cerebral Profunda (DBS) es un tratamiento efectivo para la enfermedad de Parkinson. Gran variedad de modelos matemáticos y computacionales para describir la propagación eléctrica debido a la DBS han sido propuestos, desafortunadamente, no existe claridad sobre las razones que justifican el uso de un modelo específico. En el presente trabajo se presenta una formulación matemática detallada de la propagación eléctrica debido a DBS que soporta un modelo basado en la ecuación de Laplace. Se realizan simulaciones para diferentes modelos geométricos del cerebro para determinar si la geometría, el tamaño y la ubicación de la tierra del modelo afectan la predicción de la estimulación eléctrica mediante el uso del Método de Elementos Finitos (FEM). Los análisis teórico y experimental muestran en primera instancia que la ecuación de Laplace es adecuada para describir la propagación eléctrica en el cerebro, y en segunda instancia que la estructura geométrica, tamaño y ubicación de la tierra afectan la magnitud del potencial eléctrico, particularmente para modos de estimulación monopolar. Los resultados muestran que para modelos básicos y más realistas pueden existir diferencias en la propagación de hasta un 2900%.
Correlación de la resistencia a compresión uniaxial con la humedad y porosidad eficaz en rocas
Authors: Galván Ceballos Manolo , Restrepo Ivan
Published: September 2016

Esta investigación, consiste en la determinación del parámetro mecánico de resistencia a compresión Uniaxial en la roca y su correlación con la humedad y porosidad eficaz, propiedades físicas de la roca. Por su objetivo de estudio, el proyecto se engloba dentro del marco de la mecánica de rocas. Las rocas seleccionadas para la investigación fueron tomadas de una cantera del Sur Occidente Colombiano. La investigación condujo, a la determinación de ecuaciones que permiten estimar la resistencia a compresión Uniaxial de la roca a partir de su porosidad eficaz y del contenido de humedad. Es importante resaltar que este tipo de correlaciones son representativas para rocas que gocen de características litológicas similares a las utilizadas en la experimentación. Finalmente se presentan los resultados con sus análisis y conclusiones de la investigación.
Un método de fragmentación híbrida para bases de datos multimedia
Authors: Rodríguez-Mazahua Lisbeth , Alor-Hernández Giner , Cervantes Jair , López-Chau Asdrúbal , Sánchez-Cervantes José Luis
Published: September 2016

La fragmentación híbrida es una técnica reconocida para lograr la optimización de consultas tanto en bases de datos relacionales como en bases de datos orientadas a objetos. Debido a la creciente disponibilidad de aplicaciones multimedia, surgió el interés de utilizar técnicas de fragmentación en bases de datos multimedia para tomar ventaja de la reducción en el número de páginas requeridas para responder una consulta, así como de la minimización del intercambio de datos entre sitios. Sin embargo, hasta ahora sólo se ha utilizado fragmentación vertical y horizontal en estas bases de datos. Este artículo presenta un método de fragmentación híbrida para bases de datos multimedia. Este método toma en cuenta el tamaño de los atributos y la selectividad de los predicados para generar esquemas de fragmentación híbridos que reducen el costo de ejecución de las consultas. También, se desarrolla un modelo de costo para evaluar esquemas de fragmentación híbridos en bases de datos multimedia. Finalmente, se presentan algunos experimentos en una base de datos de prueba con el fin de demostrar la eficiencia del método de fragmentación propuesto.
La lógica y la trama de las cosas
Authors: Moretti Alberto
Published: September 2016

Se examinan algunas versiones representativas de las tesis contrarias a la relación entre las estructuras del discurso y de la realidad. Se propone distinguir entre los  aspectos constitutivos y no constitutivos del lenguaje y de la realidad, manifiestos en la lógica de un lenguaje común. Se sostiene que los primeros son mínimos y que las teorías lógicas específicas han de considerarse partes de teorías generales sobre el mundo, parcialmente normativas, empíricamente discutibles e históricamente cam-biantes. En consecuencia, no hay motivos para creer que exista un dominio universal de objetos o de propiedades y, correlativamente, una única estructura del mundo, una sola concepción aceptable o completa de este, o una única lógica universal aceptable.
Gardella, Mariana. “El testimonio de Aristóteles sobre Zenón de Elea como un detractor de ‘lo uno’.”
Authors: Sarmiento Juan Esteban
Published: September 2016

Gardella, Mariana. “El testimonio de Aristóteles sobre Zenón de Elea como un detractor de ‘lo uno’.” Eidos 23 (2015): 157-181.
Jaakko Hintikka
Authors: Barrero Tomás , Rey David
Published: September 2016

In Memoriam: Jaakko Hintikka (I-12-1929 Vantaa - VIII-12-2015 Porvoo)
Suárez Tomé, Danila. “De otro modo de comprender más allá de lo humano en el Zaratustra de Nietzsche.”
Authors: Díaz Sterling Carlos Felipe
Published: September 2016

Suárez Tomé, Danila. “De otro modo de comprender más allá de lo humano en el Zaratustra de Nietzsche.” Revista de humanidades 30 (2014): 29-53.
Conceptual model for the design of product systems
Authors: Cardozo Vásquez John J. , Ramírez Triana Nélida Y.
Published: September 2016

Based on the concepts of personalization, differentiation and variability, product systems are characterized and the conditions for their design are explored. In the analysis of literature,17 variables related to the design of product systems were identified, and used to develop a conceptual model. In order to validate this finding, a survey was applied to 57 experts in the field of design. By means of a factor analysis, variables are reduced and the underlying conceptual relationships are identified. As a result of the validation, three factors are identified: structure, coherence and order, which contain the variables that determine the attributes of the product systems. These findings support the conclusion that the origin of the design process of these systems is based on the analysis of consumers and the multiple uses given and experiences obtained from these products. Study boundaries are established and future research possibilities are outlined.
Colombian fusel oil
Authors: Montoya Natalia , Durán Jairo , Córdoba Fernando , Gil Iván Darío , Trujillo Carlos Alexander , Rodríguez Gerardo
Published: September 2016

By-products valorization in bio-fuels industry is an important issue for making the global process more efficient, more profitable and closer to the concept of biorefinery. Fusel oil is a by-product of bioethanol production that can be considered as an inexpensive and renewable raw material for manufacturing value-added products. In this work, results in terms of composition and physicochemical properties of six samples of fusel oil from industrial alcohol facilities are presented. Composition of the main components was established by gas chromatography. Complementary techniques, such as headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), were used for detection of minor components. Fifty-five compounds were identified. Physicochemical properties such as density, acid value, moisture content and true boiling point curves were determined. Results are useful in the conceptual design of separation strategies for recovering higher alcohols, as well as to consider new options of valorization alternatives for fusel oil.
Method for the multi-criteria optimization of car wheel suspension mechanisms
Authors: Alexandru Catalin , Totu Vlad
Published: September 2016

The paper deals with a general method for the multi-criteria optimization of the rear wheels suspension mechanisms in terms of kinematic behavior. The suspension mechanism is decomposed in basic binary links, and the kinematic synthesis is separately performed for each of them. The design variables are the global coordinates of the joint locations on the car body (chassis). The disposing of the joints on the wheel carrier were exclusively established by constructive criteria. The design objectives relate to kinematic position parameters of the wheel (displacements of the wheel centre along longitudinal and transversal directions, and modifications of the wheel axis direction), the optimization goal being to minimize these variations during the wheel travel. A computer program for the kinematic study was developed in C++. The application was performed for the wheel suspension mechanism of a race car.
Optimal under voltage load shedding based on voltage stability index
Authors: Pérez Sandra , López Karol , Rodríguez Luis
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a methodology for under voltage load shedding using a metaheuristic optimization technique and a stability criterion. Two strategies are proposed to find the minimal size and location of load to shed for the recovery of normal operation conditions. The first one is based on a classical criterion for the under voltage load shedding, identifying the load to disconnect by considering bus voltage level; the second includes a simplified voltage stability index SVSI, which identifies critical buses in the system. The proposed methodology is implemented in an IEEE 14 bus test system, considering a heavy loading condition with andwithout contingency to validate its efficiency.
La poesía pictórica de santos de autoras novohispánicas
Authors: Rodríguez Adriana Azucena
Published: September 2016

En este artículo propongo un análisis de los proyectos líricos femeninos de María Estrada de Medinilla y de Ana María González y Zúñiga, directamente relacionados con imágenes religiosas, con el fin de mostrar el modo en que operan algunos recursos poéticos. El uso de los recursos poéticos posibilitó, por un lado, preservar el tópico ut pictura poiesis y, por otro, estimular y desarrollar el interés creativo de las escasas poetisas de la época. En el artículo, se resalta el uso peculiar de los recursos poéticos en función de la concepción novohispana sobre la relación entre poesía y pintura, resultado de la observación detallada, característica del ámbito femenino culto de la sociedad de esta época.
Geology, litostratigraphy, determination of the quality and clasification of carbones of Espino-Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Rivera Maria Esther , Delgado Rodriguez Jesus Ramon , Monroy Gallo Jorge Marco
Published: September 2016

Presents information about geology, lithostratigraphy and the composition of the coal found in the stage of exploration in the area of contract FJS-112 of mine NATAGAYMAS, municipality of El Espino-Boyacá, Colombia. There was recopilation and bibliographical review for geological – mining studies for coal mining area of the municipality of El Espino, and preliminary recognition of the zone of study visits, the collection and review of geological studies - locating outcrops of coal of the Guaduas formation (Ktg). Regional and local information was collected in the field. Sampling of the robes of interest was conducted according to the norms established by ECOCARBON Ltda. Geological mapping with its geological profiles in which the trace of the robes of coal found was developed. Calculate of the resources was according to the ECOCARBON norms
Clasificación de extractos etanólicos de especies de la familia Lauraceae por cromatografía en capa fina bidimensional y análisis estadísticos multivariado CCD-2D/ PCA-cluster
Authors: Delgado William A. , Cuca S. Luis E.
Published: September 2016

Se caracterizaron los extractos etanólicos de hojas y cortezas de 13 especies de la familia Lauraceae mediante cromatografía en capa fina de dos dimensiones (2D-CCD). Los datos posteriores se analizaron mediante técnicas de análisis estadístico multivariado (cluster y análisis de componentes principales (PCA)). Lo anterior permitió hacer una distinción entre los extractos obtenidos de diferentes partes de la planta (hojas y cortezas). Se observó, además, que la metodología usada es capaz de diferenciar entre extractos obtenidos a partir de especies de Lauraceae y los de otras familias de plantas.
Identification of some kefir microorganisms and optimization of their production in sugarcane juice
Authors: Salazar Alzate Blanca Cecilia , Cortés Rodríguez Misael , Montoya Campuzano Olga
Published: September 2016

Kefir grains are a consortium of bacteria and yeasts grouped in a polysaccharide called kefirano. They ferment sugar substrates to produce organic acids, CO2, vitamins and ethanol. They also have positive effects on health. This research project aimed to optimize the fermentation process of sugarcane concentrate using kefir grains. The microorganisms were first identified morphologically and biochemically, then isolated and purified in selective media. Optimization was conducted using the response surface methodology with a composite central design. The independent variables were: temperature, time and percentage of kefir grains added. As for dependent variables, we considered the following: increase in kefir grains (also measured as a percentage), acidity and microbial growth. Additionally, our study identified populations of Lactobacillus curvatus and the following yeasts: Candida famata, Can. magnoliae, Can. krusei/incospicua and Can. sphaerica in the kefir grains. The optimal conditions were 33.5 °C, 30 h and 6% w/w of added kefir grains. The increase in kefir grains reached was of 193 ± 12%. The lactobacilli, lactococci and yeast counts were 1.57x108, 8.63x107 and 2.05x107 CFU mL-1 respectively. Experimental optimization was an effective tool for the fermentation of kefir grains in sugarcane concentrate.
Antioxidant activity of two varieties of Ocimum basilicum L. for potential use in phytocosmetics
Authors: Vivas Castaño Andrea Maritza , Beltrán Cifuentes Martha Cecilia , Cañón Rincón Deisy Johanna
Published: September 2016

This investigation aimed to evaluate two varieties of Ocimum basilicum L., known as Basil, as potential raw material for the cosmetic industry, assessing their antioxidant properties, considering their industrial use in phytocosmetics. The antioxidant activity of essential oils (EOs) for the species Ocimum basilicum var. cinammom and var. album, were obtained by distillation steam using a Clevenger-type device. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the method of bleaching radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and the method of linoleic acid peroxidation (ferric thiocyanate). The EOs of the two species had significant antioxidant properties. The method of DPPH facilitated the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity versus the concentration of EOs, showing an efficient concentration at 10 ppm. On the other hand, the ferric thiocyanate method displayed an efficient inhibition up to 360 h (15 d). The obtained results demonstrated the antioxidant capacity of EOs in the investigation. The capacity was related to their chemical composition (phenylpropane and oxygenated monoterpenes). Therefore, EOs can be considered as a potential source in the field of phytocosmetics.
Effect of the acetylation process on native starches of yam (Dioscorea spp.)
Authors: Salcedo Mendoza Jairo , Hernández RuyDiaz Jorge , Fernández Quintero Alfredo
Published: September 2016

In Colombia, it is necessary to produce native and modified starches for the use of amylaceous raw materials of major socioeconomic importance. In this study, the effects of the acetylation process on structural, morphological and functional properties of native starches yam, Dioscorea spp. (D. alata and D. rotundata) were evaluated. Chemical modification by esterification with acetic anhydride was performed at different reaction times, and morphological and structural changes were assessed using the following techniques: infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Acetylation produced slight changes in the granule morphology, and a decreased degree of crystallinity (DC) associated with a slight increase in the amylose content was observed. The introduction of acetyl groups into the starch structure caused a decrease in the gelatinization temperature and an increased retro gradation tendency. The acetylated starches had low degrees of substitution (DS<0.2), meaning they can be used in the food industry, considering that they showed greater stability, greater water absorption capacity and better solubility than native starches.
Szövődmények és reoperációk laparoszkópos antirefluxműtétek után
Authors: Horváth Örs Péter , Varga Gábor , Biró Zsanett , Papp András , Bognár Laura , Vereczkei András
Published: September 2016

Absztrakt

A belgyógyászati módszerekkel panasz- és tünetmentessé nem tehető
gastrooesophagealis refluxbetegségben szenvedő betegek kezelésére bevált módszer
a laparoszkópos antireflux-sebészet. Gyakorlatot szerzett sebészek nagy
biztonsággal végzik a műtétet, mégis fellépnek intraoperativ, korai postoperativ
és késői szövődmények, amelyek reoperációt tehetnek szükségessé. A Pécsi
Tudományegyetem Sebészeti Klinikáján 1998 és 2015 között 407 laparoszkópos
antirefluxműtétet végeztünk. A periódust két szakaszra osztottuk. Az elsőben
1998 és 2006 között 241 beteget operáltunk és a vizsgálat prospektív volt;
minden diagnosztikus eljárást magunk végeztünk. A második periódusban 166
beteget kezeltünk minimálisan invazív módszerrel és az eredményeket
retrospektíve elemeztük. Az összbeteganyagban a férfi/nő arány 161/246 volt. A
betegek átlagéletkora 53,1 év volt. A 407 műtétet kiegészítettük 27 esetben
ligamentum teres plasztikával, 28 esetben hálóbeültetéssel és négy esetben
fascia lata plasztikával, mert a hiatus direkt zárását nem tartottuk
megbízhatónak. 16 esetben (4%) végeztünk konverziót, a halálozás 0,5% volt. 39
esetben végeztünk laparoszkópos reoperációt és hat esetben thoracolaparotomiás
reoperációt (12%). Ehhez még öt reoperáció járul, amelynél a primer műtét nem
klinikánkon történt. A 4%-os konverziós ráta, a 12%-os reoperációs arány,
valamint a 0,5%-os halálozás megfelel az irodalomban talált arányoknak.
Összességében megállapíthatjuk, hogy a laparoszkópos antirefluxműtét
biztonsággal és nagyon jó eredménnyel végezhető beavatkozás. A tartós
szövődmények (elsősorban reflux- és sérvkiújulás), illetve a reoperációk szinte
kizárólag csak a nagyméretű hiatusherniák sebészi kezelése kapcsán fordultak
elő.
Question Order and Multidimensionality of Partisanship
Authors: Maggiotto Michael A. , Wekkin Gary D.
Published: September 2016

The recognition of question-order problems has prompted a reexamination of theory and data in several areas of political behavior. The possibility of question-order effects is of special concern to the study of party identification, the original conceptualization of which has been criticized for disregarding multi dimensionality. We have yet to discover whether the sequence and/or proximity of items measuring multiple, related dimensions may influence findings. An area of research in which results may be especially susceptible to reactivity is that of multiple partisan identification. Most of the studies in this literature asked respondents a context-differentiated sequence of items about their partisan identification in national and state and (infrequently) local politics, respectively, separated only by the usual probes for intensity and direction. The responses obtained logically risk contamination by either consistency or contrast effects, as well as by salience or frame-of-reference effects generated by intervening or antecedent, nonrecursively-related items. In this study, we report the results of two experiments used to control for potential question-order effects in the measurement of multiple party identification. In the first, national and state partisan identification items were alternated in sequence in order to test whether responses to national partisan identification items structure responses to state (and local) partisan identification items. In the second, party thermometer items, national, state, and local partisan identification items, and national, state, and local retrospective evaluations of party governing performance were rotated sequentially. Generally, responses to these three measures of partisanship did not differ significantly as the order of appearance changed.
Rejoinder to Hadley
Authors: Whicker Marcia Lynn , Jewell Malcolm E.
Published: September 2016

Charles D. Hadley has made several interesting points, including some legitimate criticisms of our study. Some criticisms, however, are less relevant and do not undermine the integrity of our effort. We shall discuss his points in sequence: Confusion over “critical” and “realigning” elections. Hadley contends that we have confused critical and realigning elections. We acknowledge that perhaps we have been too loose with our use of terminology. His point that critical elections, representing a fundamental shift in the political attitudes and preferences of the populace, may be divided into realigning and converting subsets is well taken. We have erred in using the terms “critical election” and “realigning election” interchangeably, and should have restricted ourselves to using the former. This misuse of terms, however, is incidental to our analysis, since we have analyzed all critical elections from the founding of the country to the present, with special attention to the four critical elections about which there is the greatest agreement (1828, 1860, 1896, and 1932).
Evaluating the Bush Presidency: The Travails of a Tory
Authors: Edwards George C.
Published: September 2016

The president is in a constant state of dependency on his environment for creating favorable strategic positions from which he can exercise leadership at the margins to turn opportunities into accomplishments. Given his weak strategic position in regards to his leadership resources, his leeway in public policy, and his political coalition, President Bush had fewer opportunities to exploit than most presidents. Under these circumstances, he turned to foreign policy, where his inclinations and expertise lay and where he had greater flexibility and more opportunities to leave his mark on history. In general, the Bush presidency was a term devoted to consolidating the changes of the Reagan administration and dealing with the problems it left behind rather than mobilizing a coalition behind bold new enterprises. It was a term of prudent stewardship, practicing a politics of moderation, but not one that was oriented toward laying the groundwork for significant changes in domestic policy or explaining itself to the American people.
Rejoinder: Congressional Informal Groups—Sideshow, or the Changing Nature of Congressional Representation?
Authors: Vega Arturo
Published: September 2016

I am grateful to Thomas Longoria and Susan Hammond for their comments, and for the opportunity to respond to several points raised concerning my article. The essay dealt with several issues, some of which deserve additional explanation, as both Longoria and Hammond point out. Nonetheless, I believe my article and the ensuing commentaries suggest a rethinking of the issue of congressional informal groups in the modern Congress. I shall begin with the three main methodological issues that Hammond and Longoria raise: the overlap between role and activity variables, response bias of survey data, and the use of elite interviews. Next, I address Hammond’s issue of the distinction between legislative service organizations (LSOs) and non-LSOs. Finally, I close with a response to Longoria’s comments on congressional groups testifying before congressional committees with two cases of the Hispanic Caucus and the 1980s immigration reform efforts.
More May Not Always Be Better: Republican Recruiting Strategies in Southern Legislative Elections
Authors: Cassie William E.
Published: September 2016

This study considers the recruiting strategies of six southern Republican parties. The study relies on state legislative election data, as well as interviews with party leaders, to identify and examine apparent strategies. There are two unique strategies observed. One strategy focuses on increasing the number of races that are contested by the party. The other strategy focuses heavily on recruiting for districts which are "targeted" as winnable. Both strategies have apparently been successful: however. Republican parties using a fairly sophisticated technique for targeting have enjoyed the greatest success in recent elections.
A Comparative Analysis of the Policy Development Function of State Party Organizations
Authors: Paddock Joel
Published: September 2016

Platforms provide a guide to a party's ideological location at a particular time. As such, they can be a useful tool for comparing interparty and intraparty differences over policy alternatives at the subnational level. This analysis of the recent platforms of 40 state Democratic parties and 34 state Republican parties, patterned after Ginsberg’s (1972. 1976) framework, revealed considerable ideological decentralization (across-state intraparty differences) within both parties. Further analysis of platform contents in relationship to Erikson. Wright, and Mclver's (1993) research revealed weak correlations between the ideological content of platforms and the ideological orientations of state electorates, state elected officials, state party activists, and party identifiers, respectively.
Ideological Integration in the Democratic and Republican Parties, 1956-1992
Authors: Paddock Joel
Published: September 2016

In recent years scholars have observed a process of organizational nationalization in both the Democratic and Republican parties. This study updates data from two earlier studies, which attempted to determine if organizational nationalization of the parties was associated with ideological nationalization of party platforms. State and national party platforms between 1956 and 1992 are content analyzed to determine the extent of ideological integration. Similar to the two earlier studies of ideological integration, the data show only a modest movement toward intra-party integration, and little evidence of the development of a highly ideological and nationalized party system.
Divided Government: Parallel Trends in Legislative Elections
Authors: Pritchard Anita , Howard Wayne
Published: September 2016

This research note identified a consistent trend in legislative elections at both the national and state levels. All but nine states can be classified by two criteria—one of the parties was a majority in both the U.S. House delegation and state legislature in the 1980s, and the same party gained seats in both legislative bodies following the 1950s. The Democratic Party gained or maintained a majority of seats in both U.S. House delegations and state legislatures in 32 states during the 30 years characterized by increases in divided government at both the national and state level. Explanations for Democratic dominance of legislatures that focus upon congressional elections only are too level specific.
Bad Times and the Political Behavior of Older African-Americans
Authors: Peterson Steven A. , Somit Albert
Published: September 2016

This essay explores the effects o f two specific life experiences upon the political attitudes and behavior of older African-Americans as compared with younger African-Americans. The findings that emerge are generally opposite what theory would predict. Poorer health and experiencing traumatic events seem to increase, by direct and indirect routes, the likelihood of African-Americans becoming more active in politics. Possible explanations for the unexpected findings are discussed.
Comment: Trade Politics—A Debate
Authors: Passé-Smith John T.
Published: September 2016

The preceding study by Byron W. Daynes and Glen Sussman is valuable in that it points to the complexity of trade and of trade legislation, highlighting the role of presidential fast-track authority within that process. Unfortunately, the authors overstate the case for the waxing of presidential power, choosing to view the evolving relationship as a zero-sum game. The reality is that major trade deals such as those in which fast-track authority is utilized are so complex and politically sensitive that the White House and Congress must work together to achieve success. The evolving relationship is one of managed conflict, not open hostility. The fast-track mechanism does constitute a major change in the relationship between the legislative and executive branches, as the authors document, but change does not automatically mean that the executive is sacking the legislative.
Assessing the Importance of Party and Gender in Legislators’ Policy Preferences
Authors: Thielemann Gregory S.
Published: September 2016

In recent years much has been written about what factors influence the policy preferences of legislators in general and women legislators specifically. This analysis explores the relative importance of a member's sex, party, locality and tenure on policy preferences in the 71st Texas House of Representatives with its low levels of professionalism and party influence. The members were surveyed for their views on the four most pressing issue areas they faced: education reform, judicial selection reform, workers' compensation insurance reform and abortion. Surprisingly, party is important in explaining policy preferences on education reform, judicial selection reform and workers’ compensation reform. Being a woman is of less importance in these areas, but is more important in the area of abortion rights.
Senate Voting on Abortion Legislation Over Two Decades: Testing a Reconstructed Partisanship Variable
Authors: Wattier Mark J. , Tatalovich Raymond
Published: September 2016

This paper argues that the ongoing debate over whether party or ideology is the primary determinant of legislative voting behavior has misdirected scholarly efforts. As conventionally modeled, analysts usually include a dichotomous party variable and an interval variable for ideology, but normally a dummy variable cannot outperform an interval variable when entered in multiple regressions. Because that methodology has been employed to assess voting on abortion in Congress, inevitably the results point to ideology as a strong predictor and party affiliation as, at best, a marginal influence. Also confounding this methodology is a recent concern that utilizing ADA scores as a proxy for ideology to predict voting behavior is a tautology, since votes are explaining votes. This study proposes a conceptual and methodological innovation by deriving a “reconstructed” partisanship variable for each Senator to determine how more partisan (conservative) Republicans and more partisan (liberal) Democrats voted on abortion legislation over the period 1973-1988. Besides partisanship, the eight regression models included three constituency influences (median family income, percent urban, and percent black) and the religious affiliation of each Senator (Catholic or non-Catholic). Overall the partisanship variable was the strongest predictor of senatorial voting on abortion bills and the results consistently showed that more partisan Democrats voted prochoice and more partisan Republicans voted pro-life.
Intermediación laboral en la agricultura pampeana argentina: trabajadores asalariados y contratistas
Authors: Villulla Juan Manuel
Published: September 2016

Este artículo estudia las singularidades de la intermediación laboral en la agricultura pampeana argentina. Se analiza cómo y por qué el contratismo de maquinaria agrícola constituye una forma especial de intermediación laboral entre los sectores dominantes del capital y los trabajadores asalariados del sector. El estudio de fuentes de primera y segunda mano demuestra que: a) la mayor parte de la producción agrícola pampeana está concentrada por grandes capitales; b) típicamente, esos capitales apelan al sistema del contratismo para organizar el trabajo productivo; c) la mano de obra predominante en las empresas contratistas es asalariada; d) la relación entre esos grandes capitales y los trabajadores asalariados se opera mediada por firmas de contratistas. Por último, se analizan las implicancias de este régimen sobre los trabajadores agrícolas, en términos de disciplinamiento laboral.
Concentração de Sacarose e Índices de pH no Crescimento In Vitro de Oncidium flexuosum SIMS. (ORCHIDACEAE)
Authors: Caovila Letícia Érica , Gianini Patrícia Franco , Pedroso-de-Moraes Cristiano
Published: September 2016

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de sacarose e índices de pH no crescimento in vitro de Oncidium flexuosum. As plântulas foram cultivadas em meio de cultura MS/2 para testar os efeitos da sacarose (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 g.L-1) e pH (5,0, 5,8, e 6,6) no seu desenvolvimento, em função das variáveis: altura da parte aérea (APA), número de raízes (NR), comprimento da maior raiz (CMR), número de folhas (NF) e massa fresca (MF). As concentrações de 15 e 30 g.L-1, independentemente do pH, foram as mais eficientes para a cultura in vitro da espécie, pois promoveram um aumento no comprimento das raízes, altura e massa fresca das plântulas. O pH foi significativo somente em combinação com 15 g.L-1de sacarose para o comprimento da maior raiz e massa fresca.
Síntese de Fitoalexinas em Soja e Sorgo por Extratos e Tinturas Pertencentes a Três Espécies Florestais
Authors: Matiello Julliano , Raasch-Fernandes Livia Deice , Berber Gilcele de Campos Martin , Trento Rogelho Alexandre , Bonaldo Solange Maria
Published: September 2016

A intensificação tecnológica na agricultura moderna e o uso indiscriminado de fungicidas para o controle de doenças de plantas causam danos ao ambiente e favorecem o surgimento de raças de patógenos resistentes a produtos químicos. Nesse sentido, buscam-se métodos de controle alternativo que sejam eficientes no controle populacional de patógenos em plantas, menos agressivos ao meio ambiente e ao homem. A ativação dos mecanismos de defesa, como a produção de fitoalexinas, pode ser uma alternativa viável na indução de resistência e no controle de doenças em algumas plantas cultivadas. Assim, o presente trabalho objetivou verificar a capacidade de indução de fitoalexinas em cotilédones de soja e mesocótilos de sorgo oriundos de extratos brutos aquosos e tinturas de plantas de espécies florestais. As espécies florestais utilizadas foram Angelim (Hyemenolobium petraeum), Cambará (Qualea albiflora) e Eucalipto (Corymbia citriodora). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os extratos brutos aquosos são eficientes na indução de fitoalexinas do tipo gliceolina em cotilédones de soja, sendo que a espécie responsável por maior acúmulo desse composto foi o eucalipto. Em mesocótilos de sorgo, os extratos brutos aquosos de Angelim e Cambará induziram o acúmulo das fitoalexinas deoxiantocianidinas em baixas concentrações (1 e 5%). As tinturas induziram a produção de fitoalexinas nas concentrações de 10 e 15% em cotilédones de soja e não apresentaram produção de fitoalexinas em mesocótilos de sorgo.
Plasticidade Fenotípico-Vegetativa de Oeceoclades maculata (LINDL.) LINDL. (ORCHIDACEAE) Em Dois Ambientes de Área Florestada
Authors: Stencel Michele Aparecida , Bertin Renato Luiz , Souza-Leal Thiago , Pedroso-de-Moraes Cristiano
Published: September 2016

A plasticidade fenotípica é a habilidade genotípica de produzir fenótipos diferenciados em resposta a diferentes condições ambientais. Oeceoclades maculata, orquídea invasora, apresenta elevada capacidade adaptativa relacionada à colonização de diferentes habitat, especialmente os antropizados. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar análises morfobiométricas nesta espécie, a fim de evidenciar adaptações plástico-fenotípico-vegetativas em dois ambientes lumínicos ocorrentes no Arboreto de Essências Nativas, em Araras (SP). Para as análises foram coletados 50 indivíduos de Oeceoclades maculata, em maturidade fisiológica, tanto na borda, quando no interior do fragmento. Foram inferidos os seguintes dados biométricos: número médio de raízes (NMR), pseudobulbos (NMP) e folhas (NMF), comprimento médio de raízes (CMR), pseudobulbos (CMP) e folhas (CMF), o diâmetro médio de raízes (DMR) e pseudobulbos (DMP), largura (LMF) e espessura média foliar (EMF), massa fresca de raízes (MFR), pseubolbulbos (MFP) e folhas (MFF) e de massa seca de raízes (MSR), pseubolbulbos (MSP) e folhas (MSF). O índice de plasticidade fenotípica (IPF) foi calculado para todas as variáveis morfobiométricas obtidas. As análises morfobiométricas evidenciaram adaptações plástico-fenotípico-vegetativas em indivíduos de Oeceoclades maculata viventes nos diferentes ambientes do Arboreto de Essências Nativas. Tais adaptações estão correlacionadas principalmente às condições lumínicas ocorrentes na borda e no interior do fragmento.
Determinação de Pesticidas na Água e Sedimento do Rio Piquiri
Authors: Azevedo Julio Cesar Rodrigues , Moura Eliel R. Rolim de , Santos Mauricius Marques dos
Published: September 2016

A qualidade da água e preservação dos ambientes aquáticos assumiu papel fundamental para a sustentabilidade, não só relacionado ao abastecimento, mas também à preservação destes ecossistemas. Os pesticidas fazem parte do grupo de poluentes que podem gerar impactos significativos nos ambientes em que são inseridos, impactos dos quais alguns ainda não são totalmente conhecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar amostras de água e sedimento do Rio Piquiri, localizado em uma região de alta produção de trigo, soja e milho, no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Este rio sofre influência direta da aplicação de pesticidas das lavouras da região. As amostras de água foram extraídas com uma mistura de diclorometano:hexano e as amostras de sedimento com uma mistura de acetona:hexano. Os extratos foram analisados em LC/MS/MS e confirmaram a presença dos herbicidas e fungicidas utilizados na região do estudo conforme dados oficiais de comercialização no período das coletas. Os resultados mais expressivos nas amostras de água foram do herbicida Atrazina (0,030 µg L-1) e do fungicida Carbendazim (0,178 µg L-1). No sedimento os maiores valores encontrados foram para os fungicidas Carbendazim (26,8 µg L-1) e Azoxistrobina (0,712 µg L-1), ambos na terceira coleta no ponto de coleta 3. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a presença de resíduos de herbicidas e fungicidas na água e sedimento do Rio Piquiri, mas as concentrações obtidas não comprometem a potabilidade da água, devido aos valores estarem abaixo do Valor Máximo Permitido.
Henoch-Schönlein purpura
Authors: Zdanowska Natalia , Owczarczyk-Saczonek Agnieszka , Placek Waldemar
Published: September 2016

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is an acute, systemic vasculitis which usually occurs in young adults and children. The skin involvement may lead to the manifestation of symptoms associated with vasculitis in intestines, kidneys, and the central nervous system. The incidence of bowel perforation in course of HSP is very seldom and it occurs about 10 days after the appearance of the first symptoms. We present a 23-year-old male patient with jejunal intussusception in the course of HSP. The patient was operated urgently with resection of part of the small intestine. Adults rarely suffer from the occurrence of abdominal pain and fever, but sometimes they require careful monitoring and surgical intervention because misdiagnosis can be life threatening.

 
Revisión del estado de la sociedad de la información en España
Authors: Galve-Górris Carmen , Gargallo Castel Ana
Published: September 2016

En este trabajo se desea ofrecer una visión general de la situación de España en lo que a la Sociedad de la Información se refi ere, así como repasar cuales son las principales medidas impulsoras desarrolladas desde las administraciones públicas para lograr un mayor avance en el uso y aprovechamiento de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC). Para ello se ofrece en primer lugar una revisión de los antecedentes sobre la importancia de estas tecnologías para la productividad y el distinto comportamiento en economías tan distintas como los Estados Unidos, la Unión Europea o España. En los siguientes epígrafes se presenta la iniciativa i2010 y sus principales actuaciones dentro del conocido Plan Avanza, para terminar revisando la importancia del sector TIC en España y las medidas de apoyo al mismo.