bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Skills in a Youth Soccer Academy: A Holistic Ecological Perspective
Authors: Larsen Carsten , Alfermann Dorothee , Christensen Mette
Published: August 2012

Psychosocial Skills in a Youth Soccer Academy: A Holistic Ecological Perspective

Objectives: The latest research in talent development show that more varied psychological and especially social and cultural circumstances play an important role in talent development. This study assumes an ecological approach to explore which psychosocial skills are important in a youth soccer academy and how psychosocial skills are practiced in this particular environment. Method: The research takes the form of a case study. Data were collected from multiple perspectives (in-depth interviews with managers, coaches and players), from multiple situations (observation of training, competitions and meetings) and from the analysis of documents. Results: The findings reveal explicit (being practiced and talked about) and implicit (indirectly practiced and talked about) psychosocial skills in the youth soccer academy and a differentiation between internal and interpersonal psychosocial skills. Conclusions: Important explicit psychosocial skills are motivation, self awareness and the ability to work hard. However, even more important for the young soccer players dealing with the transition to professional soccer seem to be implicit psychosocial skills such as managing performance and process outcomes (internal) and the ability to utilize team skills and general social skills (interpersonal). Despite the fact that the environment expects the young players to display these skills, they are only indirectly practiced. This study demonstrates the interweaving of psychosocial skills and practice in the talent development environment, and thus underlines the social construction of psychosocial skills in elite sport.
Inactivity in Childhood and Adolescence: A Modern Lifestyle Associated with Adverse Health Consequences
Authors: Mavrovouniotis Fotios
Published: August 2012

Inactivity in Childhood and Adolescence: A Modern Lifestyle Associated with Adverse Health Consequences

The current era is characterized by kinetic limitation, both in children, and adolescents. Children today expend 400% less energy than did their counterparts of 40 years ago and are 40% less active than they were 30 years ago. Children and adolescents' today activity level is very low, while they spend their free time, mainly, in sedentary behaviours, such as tv viewing, and computer videogames playing. The average child or adolescent 2- to 18-years old spends on tv-videotapes watching or video games playing more than 5 hours per day. The lack of movement in children and adolescents' lives is one of the primary predisposing factors of increased morbidity, since many of the chronic diseases of adults are initiated in childhood. Approximately 40% of children aged 5 - 8 years old present increased risk factors for heart disease, such as obesity, hypertension and high total cholesterol, or for diabetes. These diseases are most often irreversible due to the continuous sedentary lifestyle that has been adopted by children. Moreover, significant relationships between inactivity and other adverse health practices, such as consumption of less-healthy foods or increased fat intake, as well as cigarette smoking that have been demonstrated in adolescents, predispose to cardiovascular disease. To sum up, inactivity represents a behaviour that is associated with adverse health consequences which initiate even though from childhood and follow children and adolescents throughout their lives.
Dimensions of Market Demand Associated with Dance Schools
Authors: Zaggelidou Eleni , Tsamourtzis Evangelos , Malkogeorgos Alexandros , Zaggelidis Georgios
Published: August 2012

Dimensions of Market Demand Associated with Dance Schools

Therefore the purpose of this study was to identify dimensions of market demand for dance schools. Dance is an activity requiring a strong relationship between the artist, marketer and audience. Marketing has generated sufficient commercial interest in the field, transforming dance into a thriving business. The growth of the dance industry has resulted in a highly competitive business environment. Effective management and marketing strategies (market segmentation, market promotion, program differentiation, and pricing strategy) may be formed for dance schools to ultimately satisfy consumer needs and also achieve business success. Cultural Learning, Personal Benefits, Program Offering, School Operation, Instruction Quality, and Economic Consideration would be positively predictive of the consumption level at dance schools. New technologies might also influence of purchase intent and must be consider by marketers.
Appraisal of prescription writing skills of preclinical undergraduate students in a medical institute of Nepal
Authors: Kumar J , Shaik MM , Kathi MC , Chetty MS , Deka A
Published: August 2012

The aim of this study was to appraise the prescription writing skills of preclinical undergraduate students of College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur. This prospective study was conducted over each of 150 of 1st year and 2nd year medical students in the months of May and June 2010 under the guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO). Prescriber’s identity, patient’s identity, the diagnosis, the symbol-Rx and prescriber’s signature were available on 90% and above of the prescriptions written by both year students. A large number of them also mentioned the prescriber’s address and the date of prescription. The information, instructions, warnings and patient’s address were the most deficient aspects among prescriber’s related components and the strength, the quantity to be dispensed and the direction for the use of drugs were the deficient aspects of drug related components. Comparatively more deficiencies were noted for drug related components. As an overall, the performance of 2nd year medical students was better than that of the 1st year. This study reveals that the prescription writing skills of preclinical medical students were sub-optimal and need emphasis for some elements during their clinical years and internship. However, there is a good scope of learning this skill also in the existing method of pharmacology teaching. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 7-13 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6719
Determinants of primary school dropout in Nawalparasi District
Authors: Manandhar N , Sthapit AB
Published: August 2012

Nepal’s school education is structured as ECD / PPC, primary, lower secondary, secondary and higher secondary education. There are 29,220 primary schools. Any school children absent in the school for four consecutive weeks or more who failed to appear in final examination or next year in same school is considered as dropouts. To assess the causes of dropout in primary schools of Gaindakote Resource Centre of Nawalparasi district, a cross-sectional study was conducted in twelve schools of Gaindakote Resource Centre of Nawalparasi district during the period of Srawan / Bhadra, 2066 B.S. The highest dropout rate was found to be 8.43% in grade I and followed by 7.47%, 4.33%, 4.23% and 1.83% in grades II,III, IV andV respectively. The dropout rate for girls (5.87%) was less than boys (6.14%). Drop out is considered as huge waste of resources of the country as well as individual and it is a complex social problem. To reduce dropout rate in primary school, only free education will not solve the problem. So Government alone cannot solve it. Community must be made aware about the problems of drop out & parents are to be motivated for sending their children to school. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 14-18 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6720
Accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of palpable head and neck masses in a tertiary health care center
Authors: Swamy GG , Singh A , Ahuja JM , Satyanarayana N
Published: August 2012

Palpable masses in head and neck are a common clinical finding, affecting all age groups. These lumps may be extremely worrying for both physician and patient, as a wide variety of pathological conditions. Accurate cytological analysis has played a major role in evaluation and planning for surgery. We attempted to evaluate the role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in diagnosing lesions of the head and neck region and to review the diversity of lesions in the patients attending the hospital. The study was conducted retrospectively in the department of pathology at College of Medical Sciences- Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal a tertiary health care centre. The target population comprised patients presenting with palpable masses at head and neck region during the period of February 2007 to December 2009. The accuracy of FNAC was verified by histological examination in this final study group of (n=125) patients. In these (n=125) patients, twenty five were males and hundred were females. Thyroid gland (60%) was the commonest site aspirated, followed by lymph node (20%), salivary gland (16%) and soft tissue lesions (4%). In our study the sensitivity was 87.5%, the specificity was 100%, the positive predictive value was 100%, the negative predictive value was 98.26% and false negatives were 12.5%. We concluded that FNAC is a safe, cost-effective, sensitive and specific technique in the initial evaluation of head and neck masses. A correct cytological diagnosis can be achieved in a majority of cases, avoiding the need for surgical interventions. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 19-25 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6721
Types of pathology and ossicular status in atticoantral disease undergoing mastoidectomy at Bir Hospital
Authors: Shrestha D , Thapa P , Bhandari YB
Published: August 2012

A prospective study was carried out in the department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery in Bir Hospital, Kathmandu to know the types of the pathology and the ossicular status in atticoantral disease. This study included 100 cases of CSOM (AA) scheduled for routine mastoidectomy. In this study cholesteotoma was the commonest pathology 61 (61%) followed by granulation tissue alone in 27 (27%) cases and both cholesteotoma and granulation tissue were found in 12 (12%) cases. Ossicular damage was more common in CSOM (AA) with granulation tissue in all 27 (100%), 54(58.06%) in CSOM(AA) with cholesteotoma and 12 (12.9%) in CSOM(AA) with both cholesteotoma and granulation tissue. M+S+ ossicular defect was the commonest ossicular defect 47 (50.53%) followed by M+S-24(25.80%), M-S+13(13.97%)and M-S- 9(9.67%) cases.Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 26-30 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6722
A study of hearing improvement after myringoplasties in Bir Hospital, Kathmandu
Authors: Yadav LK , Shrestha D , Pradhananga J
Published: August 2012

Myringoplasty is one of the most common ear surgery performed for chronic suppurative otitis media tubo tympanic type. The prime concern for patients who are willing to undergo myringoplasty is hearing improvement. The aim of this study is to assess the improvement of hearing after myringoplasties for Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media tubo tympanic type. The total number of patients included in the study was 105. Myringoplasties were performed in 129 patients, and only those who had graft uptake i.e. 105, were selected for the study. Age of the patients varied from 13 to 45 years. Pure tone audiogram was done before the operation and four weeks after the operation, and air conduction thresholds were compared. It was found that 83% of the patients had some degree of hearing improvement after the operation. No significant complications were observed except that few patients complained of pain at the site of incision for harvesting the graft. Thus, this study shows that, patients can be assured that the chances of hearing improvement is acceptable and can undergo the operation without fearing complications. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 31-35 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6723
Role of pleural fluid analysis in establishing the diagnosis of pleural effusion Experience in College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal
Authors: Swamy GG , Rao TMV Prasada , Sunitha P , Madhuravani S
Published: August 2012

Aspiration of serous cavities is a simple and relatively non-invasive technique to achieve a diagnosis. The information provided by body fluid analysis serves several functions; it is a complete diagnostic modality which aims at pointing out the etiology of effusion as well as in certain cases, a means of prognostication of the disease process. The diagnostic performance of the cytological study of the fluid may be attributable to the fact that the cell population present in sediment. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the role of pleural fluid analysis in establishing the cause of pleural effusion. A retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur from July 2008 to July 2010. Two hundred samples of pleural fluid were examined for total cell count, cell type and cellular features along with biochemical study to find out the level of protein, glucose and chloride. In two hundred samples, 80% were exudative and 20% were transudative. Cirrhosis and congestive cardiac failure were commonest causative factors in transudatives. The cases of Tuberculosis were predominant in exudatives followed by malignancies. In the samples from all the tuberculosis patients, lymphocytes were the predominant cell type. Most of malignant effusions were exudatives. The primary site could be assessed by cytological examination in more than fifty percent of cases. The present study demonstrates that the most useful test in establishing the diagnosis of pleural effusion is pleural fluid analysis which includes mainly its cytology and cell count. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 36-45 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6724
Hemorrhagic bullae in henoch-schonlein purpura: A case report
Authors: Parajuli S , Paudel U , Koirala DP , Ojha AR
Published: August 2012

We report a case of ten year old male child of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) who presented initially with predominant hemorrhagic bullae in extremities. Initial presentation with bullae is rare in HSP. The child recovered within two weeks with a course of systemic and topical steroid without any sequel. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 46-48 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6725
A rare variation in the formation of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus its embryological basis and clinical importance - a case report
Authors: Satyanarayana N , Guha R , Sunitha P , Reddy GN , Praveen G , Datta AK
Published: August 2012

Brachial plexus is the plexus of nerves, that supplies the upper limb.Variations in the branches of brachial plexus are common but variations in the roots and trunks are very rare. Here, we report one of the such rare variations in the formations of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus in the right upper limb of a male cadaver. In the present case the lower trunk was formed by the union of ventral rami of C7,C8 and T1 nerve roots. The middle trunk was absent. Upper trunk formation was normal. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 49-52 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6727
Multiple simultaneous hypertensive supratentorial and infratentorial hemorrhages: A rare kind of hypertensive bleed
Authors: Lamichhane D , Paudel R
Published: August 2012

Multiple simultaneous intracranial hemorrhages are very uncommon and both supra- and infratentorial hemorrhages are even more rare. Here we report a case of 56 year old hypertensive male with no other significant medical history who presented with a hypertensive emergency. Emergency head computed tomography showed bilateral basal ganglia and midbrain hemorrhages extending to right cerebellar peduncle. The patient made a progressive recovery and finally achieved functional independence. This report shows that hypertension may cause multiple simultaneous supra- and infratentorial hemorrhages and have good prognosis. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 53-56 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6728
Pulmonary rheumatoid nodules leading to spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Dewan KR , Nanda SK , Twayana RS
Published: August 2012

Several pulmonary diseases are associated with spontaneous pneumothorax, including bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive airway disease, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, abscess, primary or metastatic cancer, and chronic interstitial lung disease.1 Spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to rheumatoid nodules which is one of the extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis is rare but occasionally described.2There are some reports resulting in spontaneous pneumothorax especially on patients on methotrexate or leflunomide treatment.3We describe a case of rheumatoid arthritis who was on methotrexate therapy from a long time complicating in right sided spontaneous pneumothorax. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 57-60 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6729
Giant vesical calculus with carcinoma bladder: A rare entity
Authors: Batra R , Agarwal AA , Sharma P , Pradeep B , Gupta D
Published: August 2012

A 60 year old male attended with history of dribbling of urine for one year along with frequent passing of urine at night for last 15-20 days. Rectal examination showed suggesting of 2 grad prostrate enlargement. Ultrasound shows vesicle calculus with no prostrate enlargement. At cystolithotomy, calculus (10x8x5cm) was noted. Histopathology shows keratinising squamous cell carcinoma. Postoperatively radiotherapy was done. Vesico cutaneous fistula was developed that healed subsequently. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 61-63 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6730
Multiple familial trichoepithelioma: A case report
Authors: Mathur M , Kedia SK
Published: August 2012

Trichoepithelioma are benign epidermal appendageal tumour with follicular differentiation. Tumor has been categorized into solitary, multiple and desmoplastic types. The multiple familial trichoepithelioma is autosomal dominant inheritance and rarely seen. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 64-68 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6731
Gene therapy of cardiac failure
Authors: Qadir MI , Munir I , Nisa TU
Published: August 2012

Every year in the world there is increasing death rates due to heart failure. So it is very essential to cure the heart failure on a long term basis. For this purpose, gene therapy is somehow the best way. We can do this by discovering new pharmacological targets, producing regenerative medicine by use of stem cells, using adipose tissues for cardiac repair, using resynchronization therapy by changing the gene expressions, by correcting the gene expression of connexin43, by enhancing the mitochondrial function, insertion of ACE gene, curing the down regulation of calcium signaling protein, use of micro RNAs, modification of cardiovascular ion channels by gene therapy, silencing the myotrophin gene. Heart failure means the loss of heart functions; heart stops its working which may lead to death. Now a day, heart failure is dominating in the world. There are lots of factors involve in this disease. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 69-75 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6732
Histoid leprosy: an uncommon variant of lepromatous leprosy
Authors: Sahi R , Singh A , Vaidya R , Swamy GG , Ahuja JM , Chauhan S
Published: August 2012

Histoid leprosy is an uncommon variant of lepromatous leprosy with characteristic clinical, immunologic and bacteriologic finding. Histoid leprosy can be eliminated by early diagnosis and complete treatment. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 76-78 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6733
Risk of Dying by Suicide Inside or Outside Prison: The Shortened Lives of Male Offenders
Authors: Daigle Marc S. , Naud Hélène
Published: August 2012

Purpose: To determine the death rate among offenders, especially by suicide, inside and outside prison. Methods: A follow-up of 1,025 inmates over the period from 1995 to 2006 was conducted by searching the computerized records of correctional services and coroner files for data on suicidal behaviour and death. Results: There were 47 deaths (4.59%) from all causes among the 1,025 offenders during the observation period, of which 82.98% occurred outside prison. Of the 1,025, 26 died by suicide (2.54%). Of these suicides, 76.92% occurred outside prison. Conclusions: Offenders seem to be at risk for suicide throughout their life and even more so outside prison. This does not mean correctional services bear no responsibility for the suicide of inmates. On the contrary, vulnerable offenders should be treated while in prison.
Mass-customisation and self-reflective frameworks: early developments in New Zealand
Authors: Clayton John
Published: August 2012

Education has long been regarded as the foundation stone of national growth and international competitiveness. In the last three decades national educational reforms to improve access to higher education qualifications, individual higher education institutions’ aggressive national and international marketing initiatives and improved information and communication technology (ICT) systems and infrastructure have resulted in greatly increased participation in tertiary education. As a consequence of this wider participation, tertiary educators are now engaging with increased numbers of culturally and economically diverse learners in distributed ICT environments that they, the educators and learners, are often unfamiliar with. There is an expectation that these educators will be able to design learning modules to meet students’ multi-cultural needs, in a range of contexts, with no additional resources. In essence, it is expected that learners will participate in individually customised learning events at a cost similar to traditional delivery. This requires a fundamental shift in educators and learners conceptions on the provision of education. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the development and deployment of reflective frameworks, based on recognised international standards, can fully engage learners in mass-customised environments. First this article outlines the key building blocks required for reflective mass-customisation to occur. Second, it illustrates how this concept is being tentatively explored at a New Zealand institution. Finally, it recommends the areas of action for further research on the impact and effect of masscustomisation on learners, educators and institutions to be undertaken.Keywords: customisation; frameworks; self-reflection; New Zealand; assessment(Published: 30 August 2012)http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v20i0.19187
An empirically grounded framework to guide blogging for digital scholarship
Authors: Heap Tania , Minocha Shailey
Published: August 2012

This research project investigated how openness and sharing of knowledge are manifested through scholarly blogging. We aimed to identify the academics’ and researchers’ motivations for starting a blog; the contribution of blogging to their personal and professional development; and any challenges. Twenty-six participants were recruited. A pre-interview questionnaire was first emailed to the participants to collect background information. An initial unstructured interview was conducted by email, followed by a synchronous semi-structured interview. Textual and visual extracts of blog content were also collected. The datasets were analysed using different techniques. The findings revealed varied reasons for blogging. Some academics/researchers began a blog for its accessibility to self and others. Blogging aided the academics’ and researchers’ personal and professional development in several ways. Bloggers can quickly reach a wider audience compared to other forms of academic publishing. Among the challenges, there were concerns over validity of online content. Based on previous scholarship models and on our findings, we have derived an empirically grounded framework of blog use in academia and research. The framework describes how characteristics of digital scholarship such as openness and sharing are manifested through blogging. The framework can be used to guide academics and researchers who are interested in taking up blogging as a scholarly practice.Keywords: academic blogging; research blogging; openness; digital scholarship; open scholarship(Published: 30 August 2012)http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v20i0.19195
A Survey on Visual Information Search Behavior and Requirements of Radiologists
Authors: Holzer M. , Dungs S. , Vargas A. , Langs G. , Kriewel S. , Müller H. , Markonis D.
Published: August 2012

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to learn more on the image use and search requirements of radiologists. These requirements will then be taken into account to develop a new search system for images and associated meta data search in the Khresmoi project.

Methods: Observations of the radiology workflow, case discussions and a literature review were performed to construct a survey form that was given online and in paper form to radiologists. Eye tracking was performed on a radiology viewing station to analyze typical tasks and to complement the survey.

Results: In total 34 radiologists answered the survey online or on paper. Image search was mentioned as a frequent and common task, particularly for finding cases of interest for differential diagnosis. Sources of information besides the Internet are books and discussions with colleagues. Search for images is unsuccessful in around 25% of the cases, stopping the search after around 10 minutes. The most common reason for failure is that target images are considered rare. Important additions for search requested in the survey are filtering by pathology and modality, as well as search for visually similar images and cases. Few radiologists are familiar with visual retrieval but they desire the option to upload images for searching similar ones.

Conclusions: Image search is common in radiology but few radiologists are fully aware of visual information retrieval. Taking into account the many unsuccessful searches and time spent for this, a good image search could improve the situation and help in clinical practice.
Morphology-based Features for Adaptive Mitosis Detection of In Vitro Stem Cell Tracking Data
Authors: Becker T. , Madany A.
Published: August 2012

Objectives: The cultivation of adherently growing cell populations is a major task in the field of adult stem cell production used for drug discovery and in the field of regenerative medicine. To assess the quality of a cell population, a crucial event is the mitotic cell division: the precise knowledge of these events enables the reconstruction of lineages and accurate proliferation curves as well as a detailed analysis of cell cycles. To serve in an autonomous cell farming framework, such a detector requires to work reliably and unsupervised.

Methods: We introduce a mitosis detector that is using a maximum likelihood (ML) estimator based on morphological cell features (cell area, brightness, length, compactness). It adapts to the 3 phases of cell growth (lag, log and stationary phase). As a concurrent model, we compared ML with kernel SVMs using linear, quadratic and Gaussian kernel functions. All approaches are evaluated for their ability to distinguish between mitotic and nonmitotic events. The large, publicly available benchmark data CeTReS (reference data set A with > 240,000 segmented cells, > 2,000 mitotic events) is used for this evaluation.

Results: The adaptive (unsupervised) ML approach clearly outperforms previously published non-adaptive approaches and the linear SVM. Furthermore, it robustly reaches a performance comparable to quadratic and Gaussian SVM.

Conclusions: The proposed simple and label free adaptive variant might be the method of choice when it comes to autonomous cell farming. Hereby, it is essential to have reliable and unsupervised mitosis detection that covers all phases of cell growth.
Gene expression assays for actin, ubiquitin, and three microsatellite‐encoding genes in Helianthus annuus (Asteraceae)
Authors: Pramod Sreepriya , Downs Katharyn E. , Welch Mark E.
Published: August 2012

• Premise of the study: The “tuning knob” model of King et al. (Endeavor 21: 36–40, 1997) postulates that microsatellite mutations can alter phenotypes in a stepwise fashion. Some proposed mechanisms involve regulation of gene expression. To study the effect of microsatellites harbored in untranslated regions on gene expression in Helianthus annuus, we have developed TaqMan assays for three microsatellite‐encoding genes, and two constitutively expressed genes, actin and ubiquitin, to serve as standards.

• Methods and Results: All five TaqMan assays yielded strong log‐linear relationships between cycle threshold (CT) values and cDNA concentrations (R2 = 0.98–0.99). Standard curves were based on five concentrations for each of five individuals. Efficiencies ranged from 0.83 to 1.03.

• Conclusions: The developed tools will allow for relative quantification of gene expression across individuals. Genotyping these loci will allow for testing the “tuning knob” hypothesis. Further, the actin and ubiquitin assays should be generally applicable to gene expression studies in H. annuus.
Development of chromosome‐arm‐specific microsatellite markers in Triticum aestivum (Poaceae) using NGS technology
Authors: Nie Xiaojun , Li Bianli , Le Wang  , Liu Peixun , Biradar Siddanagouda S. , Li Tao , Doležel Jaroslav , Edwards David , Luo Mingcheng , Weining Song
Published: August 2012

• Premise of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of developing chromosome‐arm‐specific microsatellite markers in wheat on a large scale based on chromosome survey sequences obtained with next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology.

• Methods and Results: The Illumina Hi Seq2000 sequencing platform was used to sequence DNA of isolated wheat chromosome‐arm 7DL. The data were assembled and microsatellite loci were identified computationally. In total, 16315 microsatellites were identified from 161061 assembled contigs. Thirty‐three markers were randomly selected for validation across 20 diverse wheat cultivars. Two nulli‐tetrasomic stocks were also screened to validate the specificity of the newly developed markers.

• Conclusions: This is the first study on identification of chromosome‐arm‐specific microsatellite markers using NGS technology. These new chromosome‐arm‐specific markers will facilitate saturation of the 7DL genetic map, and their availability will support genetic mapping and positional cloning in wheat.
Strategies for cell shape control in tip‐growing cells
Authors: Campàs Otger , Rojas Enrique , Dumais Jacques , Mahadevan L.
Published: August 2012

• Premise of the study: Despite the large diversity in biological cell morphology, the processes that specify and control cell shape are not yet fully understood. Here we study the shape of tip‐growing, walled cells, which have evolved a polar mode of cell morphogenesis leading to characteristic filamentous cell morphologies that extend only apically.

• Methods: We identified the relevant parameters for the control of cell shape and derived scaling laws based on mass conservation and force balance that connect these parameters to the resulting geometrical phenotypes. These laws provide quantitative testable relations linking morphological phenotypes to the biophysical processes involved in establishing and modulating cell shape in tip‐growing, walled cells.

• Key results and conclusions: By comparing our theoretical results to the observed morphological variation within and across species, we found that tip‐growing cells from plant and fungal species share a common strategy to shape the cell, whereas oomycete species have evolved a different mechanism.
The plastid genome of the mycoheterotrophicCorallorhiza striata(Orchidaceae) is in the relatively early stages of degradation
Authors: Barrett Craig F. , Davis Jerrold I.
Published: August 2012

•Premise of the study:Plastid genomes of nonphotosynthetic, mycoheterotrophic plants represent apt systems in which to study effects of relaxed evolutionary constraints. The few mycoheterotrophic angiosperm plastomes sequenced to date display drastic patterns of degradation/reduction relative to those of photosynthetic relatives. The goal of this study was to focus on a mycoheterotrophic orchid hypothesized to be in the “early” stages of plastome degradation, to provide perspective on this process.

•Methods:Short‐read sequencing was used to generate a complete plastome sequence forCorallorhiza striatavar.vreelandii, a mycoheterotrophic orchid, to investigate the extent of plastome degradation. Patterns of nonsynonymous/synonymous mutations were also assessed, and comparisons were made betweenCorallorhizaand other heterotrophic plant lineages.

•Key results: Corallorhizayielded a plastome of 137505 bp, with several photosynthesis‐related genes either lost or pseudogenized. Members of all major photosynthesis complexes, except ATP‐synthase genes, were affected. “Housekeeping” genes were intact, despite the loss of a single tRNA. Intact photosynthesis genes (excludingatpgenes) together displayed elevated nonsynonymous changes, while housekeeping genes did not.

•Conclusions:TheCorallorhizaplastome is not drastically reduced in overall size (∼6% reduction relative to that of photosyntheticOncidium), but displays a pattern congruent with a loss of photosynthetic function. ComparingCorallorhizawith other heterotrophs allows some emergent evolutionary patterns to be inferred, but these remain as hypotheses to be tested, especially at lower taxonomic levels, and in lineages illustrating transitions from autotrophy to heterotrophy. The independent, unique processes of plastome modification among mycoheterotrophic lineages illustrate the urgency of their conservation.
Cation affinity numbers of Lewis bases
Authors: Lindner Christoph , Tandon Raman , Maryasin Boris , Larionov Evgeny , Zipse Hendrik
Published: August 2012

Using selected theoretical methods the affinity of a large range of Lewis bases towards model cations has been quantified. The range of model cations includes the methyl cation as the smallest carbon-centered electrophile, the benzhydryl and trityl cations as models for electrophilic substrates encountered in Lewis base-catalyzed synthetic procedures, and the acetyl cation as a substrate model for acyl-transfer reactions. Affinities towards these cationic electrophiles are complemented by data for Lewis-base addition to Michael acceptors as prototypical neutral electrophiles.
Transparence et Vérité : Vers un culte de l'aveu ?
Authors: Pinel Carole , Guillén Julio , Reniers Dominique
Published: August 2012

Celui qui ne révèle pas peut, aujourd’hui, être soupçonné d’avoir des choses à dissimuler. Au sein de cette époque du dévoilement, le secret tend, de nos jours, à être évincé. Dans un monde de transparence où il devient impératif de tout dire, de tout voir et de tout savoir, la réflexion consistera à interroger les effets parfois dramatiques de l’exigence contemporaine d’éradiquer toute obscurité, et tentera de cerner la menace d’une dérive idéologique engageant notre rapport à la « vérité ». Le déploiement de la figure métaphorique du voile prendra alors toute sa valeur d’échappée, dès lors qu’on n’attendrait rien d’autre qu’un jeu d’oscillation entre clarté et opacité.
La « sortie hors du corps » comme nouveau tropisme pour la clinique du corps ?
Authors: Le Maléfan Pascal
Published: August 2012

Deux hypothèses sont présentées dans cet article. D’abord celle postulant que la phénoménologie de « sortie hors du corps » connaît une actualité qui doit intéresser le clinicien. Les apports de Lacan sur l’ego peuvent trouver ici une contribution. Ensuite celle suggérant que cette actualité est corrélative d’une modification contemporaine du rapport au corps, celle promouvant une distanciation.
Études sur l'actualité du roman et les effets de la culture
Authors: Najt Norma , Otero Rossi Maria
Published: August 2012

Nous proposons de prendre la méthode de l’anthropologie psychanalytique pour rendre compte des changements socioculturels des contenus de la novélisation adolescente. Novélisation qui participe de la désidéalisation parentale, elle-même soutien du progrès social, dans la mesure où elle oppose une génération à la suivante. Concernent la psychanalyse autant l’investigation de processus psychiques individuels (tels que la pulsion de recherche, les théories sexuelles infantiles ou le roman familial) que les variations de ladite activité pulsionnelle offerte par la culture à un moment donné. Les conditions culturelles d’une configuration sociale fournissent les matériaux signifiants que la psyché prendra afin de résoudre des conflits qui lui sont propres. Les exemples que nous rencontrons dans le travail analytique nous aident à connaître la façon dont s’organise le psychisme.
Écrire dans l'âge de fer
Authors: Neau Françoise
Published: August 2012

Qu’écrire sous la menace de la guerre au-dehors ? L’auteur propose de lire, à partir de cette question, deux romans de l’écrivain sud-africain John Maxwell Coetzee, Michael K, sa vie, son temps (1983) et L’âge de fer (1990). Comment les deux héros si différents de ces romans, un jeune homme noir handicapé, et une vieille femme blanche au stade terminal de son cancer, l’un et l’autre pris dans la guerre et la mort du fait de l’apartheid et des luttes qu’il engendre, survivent-ils sous la menace de cette actualité terrible ? Grâce aux ressources de la fiction, Coetzee, qui dit rejeter la colonisation du roman par le discours historique, déploie une épistémologie de la survie où les processus d’« identification survivante » (selon la notion proposée par N. Zaltzman) et de désidentification désaliénante (pour rester vivante jusqu’à sa mort, l’héroïne de L’âge de fer doit « devenir quelqu’un d’autre qu’elle-même) donnent forme et corps à « la résistance de l’humain », contre le règne du meurtre.
Composition et métaphores identifiantes
Authors: Guittonneau Mireille , Le Poulichet Sylvie
Published: August 2012

La créativité de l’analyste s’exprime avec certains patients par un travail de composition consistant à présenter des figures par lesquelles s’engage un processus identificatoire singulier. L’une des formes prise par ce travail de composition – les métaphores – fait apparaître l’existence d’un paradoxe au cœur du processus : c’est en déformant, en voilant qu’elles révèlent certaines identifications mortifères ou certaines expériences d’effroi. En constituant, dans le champ du langage, l’équivalent d’un regard enveloppant, au lieu d’un regard qui efface, elles témoignent de leur fonction identifiante.
Freud versus Jung : Analyse versus Synthèse
Authors: Kaluaratchige Elizabeth
Published: August 2012

Cet article traite de la cause majeure de la discorde entre Freud, le théoricien de l’analyse des activités psychiques dans ses diverses composantes, qui développe sa théorie de la loi paternelle de la pensée-parole, et Jung, qui développe la notion de totalité psychique associée au maternel inspiré des religions asiatiques.
The Present-Day Forms of Discontent in Culture
Authors: Richard François
Published: August 2012

Le malaise actuel dans la culture est-il la continuation de celui dépeint par Freud ou constitue-t-il quelque chose de différent ? Cet article reprend l’idée freudienne sur la contradiction entre barbarie et civilisation lorsqu’elle agit à l’intérieur même du Surmoi culturel collectif. Ceci éclaire les évolutions contemporaines, à condition de compléter la notion de pulsion de mort par celle de désengagement subjectal, de comprendre qu’à la névrose actuelle s’est substituée une modalité nouvelle de l’insatisfaction, et enfin d’envisager la complexité d’une situation où l’on trouve à la fois un souci moral croissant et l’expression d’un cynisme sans vergogne.
Translation and Trauma
Authors: Pestre Élise , Benslama Fethi
Published: August 2012

Les violences politiques et sociales ont le pouvoir d’engendrer des effets destructeurs sur le sujet mais, au-delà, sur sa descendance. Comment peut-on se construire lorsqu’on hérite de silences traumatiques ? Existe-t-il des possibilités de symbolisation et de traductions de ces traumatismes ? Et si oui, de quelle manière peuvent-elles s’instaurer ? L’étude de la trajectoire de Janine Altounian, auteur de plusieurs ouvrages sur les effets de ces violences transmises entre générations et elle-même descendante de parents rescapés du génocide arménien, rend compte des tentatives subjectives de traduction d’un héritage traumatique. Plus généralement, la clinique des réfugiés permettra d’envisager le déploiement de la traduction, à l’œuvre chez ceux dont les assises subjectives ont été profondément mises à mal par l’épreuve du réel.
Transparency and Truth: Towards a Cult of Confession
Authors: Pinel Carole , Guillén Julio , Reniers Dominique
Published: August 2012

Celui qui ne révèle pas peut, aujourd’hui, être soupçonné d’avoir des choses à dissimuler. Au sein de cette époque du dévoilement, le secret tend, de nos jours, à être évincé. Dans un monde de transparence où il devient impératif de tout dire, de tout voir et de tout savoir, la réflexion consistera à interroger les effets parfois dramatiques de l’exigence contemporaine d’éradiquer toute obscurité, et tentera de cerner la menace d’une dérive idéologique engageant notre rapport à la « vérité ». Le déploiement de la figure métaphorique du voile prendra alors toute sa valeur d’échappée, dès lors qu’on n’attendrait rien d’autre qu’un jeu d’oscillation entre clarté et opacité.
Contemporary Adolescent Novelization and the Effects of Culture
Authors: Najt Norma , Otero Rossi Maria
Published: August 2012

Nous proposons de prendre la méthode de l’anthropologie psychanalytique pour rendre compte des changements socioculturels des contenus de la novélisation adolescente. Novélisation qui participe de la désidéalisation parentale, elle-même soutien du progrès social, dans la mesure où elle oppose une génération à la suivante. Concernent la psychanalyse autant l’investigation de processus psychiques individuels (tels que la pulsion de recherche, les théories sexuelles infantiles ou le roman familial) que les variations de ladite activité pulsionnelle offerte par la culture à un moment donné. Les conditions culturelles d’une configuration sociale fournissent les matériaux signifiants que la psyché prendra afin de résoudre des conflits qui lui sont propres. Les exemples que nous rencontrons dans le travail analytique nous aident à connaître la façon dont s’organise le psychisme.
Writing in the Age of Iron
Authors: Neau Françoise
Published: August 2012

Qu’écrire sous la menace de la guerre au-dehors ? L’auteur propose de lire, à partir de cette question, deux romans de l’écrivain sud-africain John Maxwell Coetzee, Michael K, sa vie, son temps (1983) et L’âge de fer (1990). Comment les deux héros si différents de ces romans, un jeune homme noir handicapé, et une vieille femme blanche au stade terminal de son cancer, l’un et l’autre pris dans la guerre et la mort du fait de l’apartheid et des luttes qu’il engendre, survivent-ils sous la menace de cette actualité terrible ? Grâce aux ressources de la fiction, Coetzee, qui dit rejeter la colonisation du roman par le discours historique, déploie une épistémologie de la survie où les processus d’« identification survivante » (selon la notion proposée par N. Zaltzman) et de désidentification désaliénante (pour rester vivante jusqu’à sa mort, l’héroïne de L’âge de fer doit « devenir quelqu’un d’autre qu’elle-même) donnent forme et corps à « la résistance de l’humain », contre le règne du meurtre.
Create! Strategies of Survival
Authors: Masson Céline
Published: August 2012

Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons aux stratégies du créer et du sujet en création. Le concept de création renvoie à l’impératif de créer, à ce que nous pourrions nommer une pulsion de créer. Il s’agit d’un engagement coûte que coûte pour ne pas céder à l’effondrement mélancolique ou à la destruction physique. Cette poussée du créer est un acte qui engage le sujet ; acte de vie/mort qui est un bouclier contre l’angoisse. La création fait acte dans le temps du sujet et l’inscrit dans une temporalité en produisant une constellation de signes reliés entre eux par des lignes imaginaires. Ces lignes sont des lignes de vie et tracer, c’est s’inscrire dans le temps. Qu’est-ce qui pousse à faire-forme, à produire des formes qui sont autant de repères internes, de lignes de conduite guidant vers le dehors ? Ce travail de lignes, de lignage est un ajustement qu’opère le sujet entre le dedans et le dehors, créant ainsi des points d’appui intérieurs par l’exploration de la matière. Cette surface devenant comme nous le disions dans un précédent travail une surface extra-topique psychique/plastique. À partir de l’autobiographie du peintre Gérard Garouste, nous explorerons les souvenirs que l’artiste nous livre dans ce livre et nous verrons comment l’acte de créer s’est imposé en urgence, pour la vie.
Composition and Identifying Metaphors
Authors: Guittonneau Mireille , Le Poulichet Sylvie
Published: August 2012

La créativité de l’analyste s’exprime avec certains patients par un travail de composition consistant à présenter des figures par lesquelles s’engage un processus identificatoire singulier. L’une des formes prise par ce travail de composition – les métaphores – fait apparaître l’existence d’un paradoxe au cœur du processus : c’est en déformant, en voilant qu’elles révèlent certaines identifications mortifères ou certaines expériences d’effroi. En constituant, dans le champ du langage, l’équivalent d’un regard enveloppant, au lieu d’un regard qui efface, elles témoignent de leur fonction identifiante.
Art: a Cancer Witness Like Any Other?
Authors: Lombard Marjorie
Published: August 2012

Il s’agit, dans cette recherche, de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance du vécu subjectif du sujet confronté à la traversée du cancer, dans les nuances qui composent son histoire personnelle et familiale. Autrefois témoins de la mort par cancer d’un proche, les sujets de notre étude s’incarnent acteurs dans l’occurrence de cette même pathologie, ainsi engagés dans un changement de statut. Ils détiennent un « savoir » sur le cancer et leur engagement dans la maladie implique une forme de retrouvaille « savante » avec celui d’autrefois. De quelle manière est-il marqué par ce « bout de savoir en plus », irréversiblement détenu ? Un tel passage nous interroge sur la voie par laquelle le sujet peut devenir son « propre témoin ». Et l’art, en tant que « voix » de passage possible, se poserait comme lieu d’inscription d’une situation de l’extrême. Pourquoi l’art ? Il serait, en fait, appréhendé à l’instar d’une parole paradigmatique parce que voie élue traduisant cette possibilité d’immersion dans l’univers abyssal qui a conduit le sujet hors de lui-même, déporté de sa propre histoire par un ancêtre qui ferait retour. L’impact avec la maladie grave pousserait l’œuvre au cœur d’un mouvement à triple destinée : l’art serait « atomisé », « intoxiqué » ou « immunisant » pour son créateur.