bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relation of Birth Order and Scores on Measures of Pathological Narcissism
Authors: Curtis John M. , Cowell Donald R.
Published: August 2011

To study the relationship between birth order and pathological narcissism, it was predicted that firstborn and only children would score significantly higher on standardized measures of pathological narcissism. Two such measures, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, were administered to 50 randomly selected subjects from a metropolitan mental health and family treatment agency. Subjects were asked to indicate their ordinal birth positions, e.g., first, middle, last, or only, and then were administered both instruments. Analysis supported the initial prediction by indicating that firstborn and only children had higher mean scores on the measures of pathological narcissism. It might be advisable for clinicians to identify patients' ordinal positions while appraising relevant diagnostic criteria and eventual treatment planning.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: CXII. Magda B. Arnold Revisited: 1991
Authors: Mooren J. H. M. , van Krogten I. A. M. H.
Published: August 2011

Magda B. Arnold's phenomenological and cognitive theory on emotions is subjected to a critical review. The theory is well-known and has inspired other theorists in the field of emotion research. However, it has generated hardly any research. At first sight this is astonishing because of its obvious qualities. Arnold does justice to the subjective nature of emotions, integrates psychological with physiological aspects, and offers a relatively simple and parsimonious theoretical model. Salient points are the conceptualization of emotions as action-tendencies, the role of appraisal in generating emotions and in emotional action, the classification of basic emotions, the explanation of increase of strength in emotions, and their organizing function or disturbing effects. A closer look into the theory, however, shows serious flaws in logical consistency and difficulties for operationalization. The authors conclude that the lack of research is partly due to the theory.
Market Conditions and Job Tenure: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Melamed Tuvia
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relationships between unemployment rates and employees' tenure. Tenure records for over six years were collected for 177 direct-care staff. Analysis suggested that employees' tenure was related to the unemployment rates at the time the employees joined the organization. Employees stayed longer with the organization if they joined at times of higher unemployment.
Self-Esteem: The Effects of Life-Satisfaction, Sex, and Age
Authors: Hong Sung-Mook , Bianca Maria A. , Bianca Marisa R. , Bollington Joanne
Published: August 2011

A self-report questionnaire was administered to 1726 subjects to examine the effects of life-satisfaction, sex, and age on self-esteem. Subjects were grouped into 3 age groups, 17–22, 23–29, and 30–40 years. Analysis yielded significantly higher self-esteem for men than women, amongst older subjects, and for those with high life-satisfaction. These findings were interpreted in terms of various theories.
The Patient Satisfaction Interview for Partial Hospitalization Programs
Authors: Corrigan Patrick W. , Jakus Marjory R.
Published: August 2011

The Patient Satisfaction Interview was developed to assess consumers' satisfaction with four dimensions of partial hospitalization programs: the physical environment, the therapists, the treatment strategies, and the preparation for community autonomy. Content validity of the measure was examined and cross-validated by independent samples of expert raters and patients. The measure was then administered to 30 patients participating in a six-month partial hospitalization program. Analyses showed test dimensions had good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Six-month stability was good for three of the four scales as well as the over-all test score. Research using the test must examine its utility for description of satisfaction with community-based programs.
Motivation of Disabled Athletes to Participate in Triathlons
Authors: Furst David M. , Ferr Thomas , Megginson Nancy
Published: August 2011

25 competitors in the Fifth National Triathlon for the Physically Challenged responded to a questionnaire regarding their previous and current exercise and participation in sports. Analysis showed that the majority had been active before the onset of disability and that the encouragement and motivation provided by other physically disabled individuals was the consistent factor in their own initial rehabilitation and subsequent participation in sports.
Effects of Explicit Time-Limits on the Initial Therapeutic Alliance
Authors: Kamin Donald J. , Garske John P. , Sawyer Patricia K. , Rawson Jane C.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the hypothesis that the setting of explicit time-limits in individual counseling enhances the formation of the therapeutic alliance. Students at a university-based counseling center were randomly assigned to a 5-session, time-limited therapy condition ( n = 16) or a time-unlimited therapy condition ( n = 15). Contrary to the hypothesis, statistical analyses showed no differences between audio-taped segments from the second and third therapy sessions rated on the Vanderbilt Therapeutic Alliance Scale.
Topics and Comments: A Student-Feedback Technique for Evaluating the Influence of an Instructional Approach
Authors: Goor Mark B. , Weeks Sandra S. , Lomax Gina L. , Davis Stephen F.
Published: August 2011

An easily implemented, student-feedback technique, which indexes the influence of a lesson by evaluating students' recall of key topics and relevant comments made during class, is assessed by analyzing feedback collected after two types of lessons. Seven instructors requested feedback from 259 students in ten sections of introduction to psychology. Data indicate that this student-feedback process is sensitive to instructional approaches. Specifically, when comparing lecture presentations with student-centered activities in introductory psychology classes, feedback varied in terms of (a) the way students phrased the key idea, (b) the percent of comments attributed to instructors versus peers, (c) the relevance of those comments, and (d) students' agreement on the main idea of the lesson.
The Development and Validation of the Current Life Orientation Scale
Authors: Madhere Serge
Published: August 2011

This paper discusses the theoretical framework for the Current Life Orientation Scale. This instrument measures the scope of personal values in five broad areas. Investigations with three age groups (124 African-Americans and 20 older volunteers) show that all five subscores have high reliability and are not significantly affected by social desirability. Patterns of correlations with Rokeach's Value Survey ( n = 71) and Coopersmith's Self-esteem Inventory ( n = 32) provide evidence regarding the convergent and discriminant validity of the scale.
Human Response to Traumatic Events: An Integration of Counterfactual Thinking, Hindsight Bias, and Attribution Theory
Authors: Williams Christopher W. , Lees-Haley Paul R. , Brown Richard S.
Published: August 2011

In documenting cognitive processes underlying persons' reactions to negative events, counterfactual thinking, hindsight bias, and attribution theory focus on distinct, although not unrelated, aspects of human information processing. Counterfactual thinking highlights the cognitive processing undertaken when persons imagine different courses of action that lead to alternative outcomes. Hindsight bias describes the inflated retrospective estimates individuals make regarding event probabilities that come with the advantage of knowledge about outcomes. And attribution theory concerns the affective and behavioral consequences that result from the perceived causes of events. This essay argues that a more comprehensive understanding of the processes underlying human response to traumatic events results from the integration of counterfactual thinking, hindsight bias, and attribution theory into a single model.
Feedback, Concordance, and Text Comprehension
Authors: Langer Philip , Keenan Verne
Published: August 2011

Research on the effects of sentence-order feedback on text processing has shown that agreement between the order of original text and either (1) the order of reconstructed text or (2) recall of text does not influence amount of recall. Students' processing of text is a function of too many uncertain variables to permit endorsements of simple association models of instructional assistance.
Behavior Genetics and a Horse's Show Performance
Authors: Mathes Eugene W.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this research was to assess whether it is possible to predict a Morgan horse's show performance on the basis of that of its sire. An examination of the show records of the 550 horses that had placed in the 1991 Grand National Morgan Horse Show yielded some support for prediction.
Current Transracial Adoption Practices: Racial Dissonance or Racial Awareness?
Authors: Kallgren Carl A. , Caudill Pamela J.
Published: August 2011

The present study evaluated seven agencies in four major metropolitan areas to ascertain if their transracial adoption programs included placing children at an early age and evaluating and educating parents on issues of racial awareness as has been recommended by previous researchers. These agencies were attempting to place transracial adoptees before their first birthday and were evaluating prospective adopters' ability to accept and live with racial differences. In general, agencies did not provide adequate literature on racial awareness, training sessions or support systems, and they did not encourage families to live in integrated neighborhoods. Recommendations for program improvements are discussed.
Anxiety during Pregnancy at the Time of the Gulf War: Comparison of Anxiety of Israeli Women with Normal Pregnancies and Those with “At-Risk” Pregnancies
Authors: Lieberman Deborah , Harel Shaul
Published: August 2011

81 pregnant women were interviewed at the time of the Gulf War. One group was interviewed before the missile attacks began in Israel, and the second group during the period of the attacks. Of the women interviewed, 53 women had “high-risk” pregnancies and 28 had normal pregnancies. Despite the hypothesis that women with “at-risk” pregnancies would report a greater rise in anxiety during the missile attacks, it was found that the women with normal pregnancies reported a significantly greater rise in anxiety during missile attacks. It is suggested that the already-stressed “high-risk” group “shut out” the additional anxiety generated by the dangers from the missile attacks.
Reliability and Validity of a Short Scale of Attitude towards Christianity among Adults
Authors: Francis Leslie J.
Published: August 2011

The 7-item form of the Francis scale of attitude towards Christianity (adult) is tested among a sample of 345 men and 298 women. The data support the psychometric properties of this scale and commend it for further use.
Perceptions of a Quality Program and Relationships with Work Perceptions and Job Attitudes
Authors: Jones Allan P. , Glaman Joan M. , Johnson Debra Steele
Published: August 2011

Numerous organizations have incorporated quality-oriented interventions to improve effectiveness; however, little systematic research has concerned how employees' perceptions about such interventions influence perceptions of work characteristics or job-related attitudes. The present study of 113 professional and support staff in a large petrochemical company suggested that perceptions about management's commitment to the success of the intervention was related to perceptions of reduced role stress, more positive relationships with management and more positive job-related attitudes.
Gender Differences in Proxemics: Taxi-Seat Choice
Authors: Kenner Andrew N. , Katsimaglis George
Published: August 2011

Observations of seating choice by 648 urban Australian taxi passengers demonstrated that the preferred position within the vehicle was largely determined by the gender and age of the passenger.
Cyclical Variations in Psychiatric Patient-To-Staff Assaults: Preliminary Inquiry
Authors: Flannery Raymond B. , Penk Walter E.
Published: August 2011

This study examined possible cyclical variations in psychiatric patient assaults against staff. A statistically significant greater number of assaults occurred during hotter months. Possible explanations are presented.
Sex Differences in the Effect of Supervisory Consideration on Sales Force Turnover
Authors: Roberts James A. , Chonko Lawrence B.
Published: August 2011

Contrary to theory and past empirical results, supervisory consideration in the workplace was a significant predictor of intent to leave for 210 men in sales only (not the 39 women in sales). “Self-selection” and “Structural” theory of Dawson are offered as explanations for this phenomenon.
The Rorschach and Shading: Citation Output from Psychologial Abstracts (1987–1992)
Authors: Piotrowski Chris , Keller John W.
Published: August 2011

A comprehensive computer search is indicated when a review of the literature is desired. On the issue of shading on the Rorschach, a search of Psychological Abstracts over the past 5 years indicated a potential pool of 72 articles and 5 chapters or books. Contemporary bibliographic instruction strongly supports use of multidatabase searching.
Mobility and School Achievement
Authors: Audette Robert , Algozzine Robert , Warden Michele
Published: August 2011

Relations of students' mobility to school achievement for Grades K-6 in 72 elementary schools serving 39,362 students were strong and negative: for reading – 0.63, language – 0.49, and mathematics – 0.52.
Factors Which Differentiate Sexually Abused from Nonabused Males: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Violato Claudio , Genuis Mark
Published: August 2011

In the present study, 200 male university students between the ages of 18 and 27 years (mean = 21.4 yr.) completed a questionnaire designed to record data about childhood sexual abuse. The rate of disclosure of sexual abuse was 14%. Analysis indicated that the 28 abused subjects had experienced earlier separation from parents and a generally more unstable environment than the nonabused subjects. Implications for research are discussed.
Suicide Rates in Canada before and after Tightening Firearm Control Laws
Authors: Lester David , Leenaars Antoon
Published: August 2011

In Canada, Bill C-51 was implemented in 1977 to restrict the use of firearms, providing a good opportunity to study the effects of gun control laws in the use of firearms for suicide. The present study examined the use of guns for suicide during the period prior to the bill and during the period after the passing of Bill C-51 to assess the association of the bill with suicide rates. Analysis showed a significant decreasing trend after passage of Bill C-51 on the firearm suicide rate in Canada and the percentage of suicides using firearms. The analysis supports the position that restricting easy access to lethal methods of suicide may assist in reducing suicide.
Is Psychotherapy Really Needed in Nonwestern Cultures? The Case of Arab Countries
Authors: Ibrahim Abdel-Sattar , Ibrahim Radwa M.
Published: August 2011

Research has shown that mental health problems in Arab countries are of large proportion, with women and children probably the groups most at risk. Forms of psychological treatment are inadequate, making the need for such services a top priority.
Correlates of Mentoring in Organizations: The Mentor's Perspective
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , McKeen Carol A. , McKenna Catherine
Published: August 2011

This study examined mentoring relationships in organizations from the perspective of mentors. A model which included personal and situational antecedents of mentoring was developed, based on previous research findings. Data were obtained by questionnaire from 94 mentors employed in 7 high technology firms. Support was found for the proposed model Mentor-protege similarity emerged as an important predictor of mentors' functions Practical implications of the findings for organizations and further directions for research on mentoring are proposed.
Effects of Trait Anxiety and the Scamper Technique on Creative Thinking of Intellectually Gifted Students
Authors: Mijares-Colmenares Brizeida E. , Masten William G. , Underwood Joe R.
Published: August 2011

This work assessed the effect of trait anxiety (measured on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and the Scamper technique on figural creative thinking, measured by the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. An analysis of covariance with 52 gifted students in a summer camp gave no significant main effect of treatment for trait anxiety, or their interaction. Scamper may not effectively improve figural creativity and anxiety may not influence figural creativity the same way it influences verbal creativity, at least as measured.
Effects of Sex, Religion, and Amount of Alcohol Consumption on Self-Reported Drinking-Related Problem Behaviors
Authors: Carlucci Kathleen , Genova Jay , Rubackin Fran , Rubackin Randi , Kayson Wesley A.
Published: August 2011

The effect of sex, religion, and amount of alcohol consumed on the number of self-reported alcohol-related problem behaviors was examined for 331 students who were approached on three Eastern United States campuses and asked to complete anonymously a questionnaire reporting the number of drinking-related problem behaviors. It was hypothesized that Catholics, men, and people who drank more would report more problem behaviors. A 2 × 3 × 4 factorial analysis of variance with unequal ns showed all three hypotheses were confirmed, but no significant interactions were found. Given the enormity of the problem of alcohol abuse in the United States, further research examining alcohol use and the associated problem behaviors is essential.
Religiosity, Denomination, and Mental Health among Young Men and Women
Authors: Jensen Larry C. , Jensen Janet , Wiederhold Terrie
Published: August 2011

The relations among religiosity, denomination, and mental health were studied. Comparisons of groups high, medium, and low in religiosity were made possible by extracting data from a large data set for three denominational groups and gender in a three-way analysis of variance design. There were significant main effects, with higher scores on three mental health measures for high religious groups, Mormons, and men. There were interactions resulting from highly religious Mormon women, but not highly religious Mormon men scoring higher. The three scores were self-esteem, emotional maturity, and nondepression.
The Role of Deployment of Attention in the Overlearning Reversal Effect (ORE) with Aggressive and Nonaggressive Stimuli
Authors: Szalai John Paul , Eagle Morris
Published: August 2011

The study elucidated the role of deployment of attention in the appearance and magnitude of the overlearning reversal effect (ORE) with simultaneously occurring aggressive and neutral stimulus dimensions in a discrimination reversal-shift paradigm with 60 undergraduate college students. Confirming expectations, significantly larger overlearning reversal effect (ORE) was produced on the number of instrumental response errors and verbalized attentional errors with the less complex and less salient neutral, relevant-stimulus dimension. The findings that greater ORE, as reflected in attentional errors, was observed with the less salient but also less complex neutral stimulus dimension support the attentional explanations of the ORE phenomenon. These results contrast with those observed with traditional geometric stimulus material where greater complexity is associated with greater ORE.
Clinical Psychology Students' Perceptions of an Academic Climate for Caring
Authors: Schaefer Charles E. , Schaefer Karine A.
Published: August 2011

There is a general consensus that caring is an important personal attribute of helping professionals. One way for educational institutions to develop a caring attitude in students is to provide an academic climate for caring. A total of 45 doctoral students in a clinical psychology program were asked to list specific faculty-student and student-student interactions which they believed reflected a caring attitude towards others. Components of this student-perceived climate for caring include mutual respect and support, personal interest, and informal socialization.
Age, Gender, and Location as Factors in Permission to Smoke among University Students
Authors: Campbell Robert L. , Svenson Lawrence W. , Jarvis George K.
Published: August 2011

A sample of 457 (177 men, 280 women) university undergraduates were surveyed on their use of tobacco and locations where smokers have been told not to smoke. 21% of the students (20% of men, 22% of women) surveyed indicated that they smoked Age differences were noted, with the older men and women more likely to use tobacco than their younger peers. In general, men were more likely than women to be asked not to smoke. The large number of smokers who have been asked not to smoke may indicate an increase in social pressure to reduce the use of tobacco in public.
A Preliminary Resolution of the Retention of Distributed VS Massed Response Prevention in Rats
Authors: Martasian Paula J. , Smith Nelson F.
Published: August 2011

This study consisted of two experiments conducted to investigate the difference in efficacy and retention of distributed response prevention when compared to massed response prevention using an animal model of avoidance learning. The purpose was to obtain an estimate of the over-all treatment time for response prevention that begins to be affected by the treatment, either distributed or massed. In Exp. 1, 50 rats were given two trials of escape learning in a one-way black-white shuttle-box. Groups received response-prevention treatment or nontreatment in 9 1-min. distributed sessions or 1 9-min. massed session. Subjects were tested using a passive-avoidance paradigm immediately following treatment, 24 hours, and 720 hours (30 days) later. Analysis showed that with an over-all response-prevention time of 9 min., response-prevention treatment was effective in reducing avoidance behavior, that the effect was retained, and that there were no differences between distributed and massed groups. These results led to Exp. II in which 50 rats were exposed to the same training procedure as in Exp. I. These groups received response-prevention treatment or nontreatment in 12 15-sec. distributed sessions or one 3-min. massed session. Analysis of passive-avoidance testing immediately following treatment, 24 hr., and 720 hr. later showed that, when the over-all response-prevention time was 3 min., only groups with distributed treatment showed reduction of avoidance behavior and retention of the treatment effects. Since past studies have produced inconsistent findings in comparing distributed vs massed delivery of response-prevention treatment these two experiments are intended to serve as a preliminary resolution of the past differing results. When the over-all treatment time is longer than 3 min., there is no delivery of treatment effect. However, with 3 min. of over-all treatment time, distributed delivery was necessary to facilitate the treatment effects. Implications for animals and humans are discussed.
The Adult Who is an Only Child: Achieving Separation or Individuation
Authors: Byrd Barbara , DeRosa Arnold P. , Craig Stephen S.
Published: August 2011

60 women and 60 men between the ages of 18 and 45 years ( M = 30.5, SD = 9.6) were categorized by sex, age, and birth order (only child, firstborn, last-born) to assess the differences among the adult only-child, the youngest child, and the oldest child in autonomous characteristics and cohesiveness in family interaction. Analysis of the responses on a biographical data sheet, the California Psychological Inventory, and the Family Adaptability Cohesion Scales III showed that main effects for birth order and sex are significant in the process of separation-individuation and that the only child is less autonomous than the oldest child.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: XCV. Possible Relations between Theories of Evolution and Animal Learning
Authors: Purdy Jesse E. , Harriman Arthur , Molitorisz Joseph
Published: August 2011

It is proposed that the dominance of continuity learning theory as set against noncontinuity learning theory during the middle third of the 20th century rested importantly on its derivation from Darwin's theory of evolution. The kinship is shown in several ways. First, Thorndike and Hull echoed the principle of natural selection in their belief that behaviors underwent gradual modification because acts that were attended steadily by favorable consequences tended to occur with increasing frequency. Second, they denied both nonphysical explanations of behavior and a priori purposes which might guide that behavior. Third, the laws of learning were said to hold for all organisms. It is argued that the continuity approach may have enjoyed success because it was consistent with the Darwinian world view. Had punctualist, rather than gradualist, explanations of evolution come to the fore in the late 19th century, learning theories might have proceeded quite differently with the dominance of noncontinuity approaches.
Reliabilities of the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills for Hispanic- and Anglo-American Students
Authors: Duran Ricardo , Powers Stephen
Published: August 2011

Cronbach alpha reliabilities were computed separately for 425 Hispanic-American and Anglo-American students in Grades 3 to 6 on the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary subtests. Anglo-American students' scores showed significantly higher reliabilities than Hispanic-American students' scores in Grades 4 and 5.
An Exploratory Study of Homeschooling in Kansas
Authors: McGraw Jennifer , Bergen M. Betsy , Schumm Walter R.
Published: August 2011

Personal interviews with a nonrandom sample of four current or former homeschooling mothers indicated that these mothers were homeschooling to avoid what they perceived as negative social or academic aspects of public schools and to promote closer family interaction. While the families appeared to be divided along traditional gender-role assignments, fathers were responsible for at least one of the children's subjects, usually science, religion, or physical education. While all the mothers saw time management and household organization as a stressful challenge, support from their husbands and homeschooling-support groups was critical in dealing effectively with the stresses of homeschooling.
Work Stress, Role Conflict, Social Support, and Psychological Burnout among Teachers
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , Greenglass Esther
Published: August 2011

This study examined a research model developed to understand psychological burnout among school-based educators. Data were collected from 833 school-based educators using questionnaires completed anonymously. Four groups of predictor variables identified in previous research were considered: individual demographic and situational variables, work stressors, role conflict, and social support. Some support for the model was found. Work stressors were strong predictors of psychological burnout. Individual demographic characteristics, role conflict, and social support had little effect on psychological burnout.
The Personal Beliefs Scale as a Measure of Individual Differences in Commitment to the Mind-Body Beliefs Proposed by F. F. Centore
Authors: Embree Robert A. , Embree Marlowe C.
Published: August 2011

F. F. Centore's (1979) taxonomy of mind-body beliefs centers on the definition of what it means to be a person. The Personal Beliefs Scale was developed to measure the relative influence of six mind-body positions in the thinking of the ordinary person. Responses from a sample of 251 undergraduates gave estimated split-half reliabilities of .83 or greater for each of the six subscales. Factor analysis provided substantive support for the Centore taxonomy. Implications of the mind-body issue are considered.
Punishment and Type of Feedback in a Simulated Commons Dilemma
Authors: Harvey Mark L. , Bell Paul A. , Birjulin Andrej A.
Published: August 2011

351 research participants in groups of three harvested resources from a slowly regenerating, shared pool in a computer-assisted game. Feedback after each round of play consisted of information about the status of the resource pool, information about the other participants' harvesting choices, or no feedback at all. Exploitation was either not punished or punished by individual or group. Analysis showed that either form of punishment improved harvests from the common resource but that feedback had no such influence.
Factors Related to Susceptibility and Recruitment by Cults
Authors: Curtis John M. , Curtis Mimi J.
Published: August 2011

Unprecedented escalation of secular and religious cults has necessitated further inquiry into more precise conditions under which individuals develop vulnerability and become converted by these groups. The present discussion focuses on a number of factors which seem to influence individuals' susceptibility and recruitment by cults. These variables include (a) generalized ego-weakness and emotional vulnerability, (b) propensities toward dissociative states, (c) tenuous, deteriorated, or nonexistent family relations and support systems, (d) inadequate means of dealing with exigencies of survival, (e) history of severe child abuse or neglect, (f) exposure to idiosyncratic or eccentric family patterns, (g) proclivities toward or abuse of controlled substances, (h) unmanageable and debilitating situational stress and crises, and (i) intolerable socioeconomic conditions. Also presented are methods utilized by cults, e.g., intimidation, coercion, and indoctrination, for systematically recruiting, initiating, and influencing inductees. More careful attention to these factors might help health care providers, educators, clergy, and concerned family and friends determine more precisely individuals at greater risk for recruitment into cults.
Correlations between Mothers' and Children's Self-Esteem and Perceived Familial Relationships among Intact, Widowed, and Divorced Families
Authors: Mahabeer M.
Published: August 2011

To investigate the interrelationships among mothers' and children's self-esteem, familial relationships, and perceptions of family members of intact, widowed, and divorced families, 204 Indian mothers and their children from low socioeconomic-status families were tested. The higher the mothers' self-esteem, the higher were their children's perceptions of their mothers. There were positive correlations between the mothers' perceptions of their relatives and friends, and their children's self-esteem and their children's perceptions of their fathers. Mothers' perceptions of their children were positively correlated with their children's perceptions of their fathers and the children's self-esteem in the widowed group. There were also significant correlations for mother-child relationships with measures of family environment and children's perceptions of self and of family members. The study supports the view that children's self-esteem and perceptions of family members are aligned with those of their mothers.
Self-Report Versions of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale: An Assessment of a Sample of Normals
Authors: Warren Ricks , Zgourides George , Monto Martin
Published: August 2011

The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale was administered to 180 undergraduates and 50 medical clinic patients to obtain normative data for this widely used instrument. These data should prove useful to clinicians who assess obsessive-compulsive symptomatology.
Development of a Writing Attitude Survey for Grades 9 to 12: Effects of Gender, Grade, and Ethnicity
Authors: Knudson Ruth E.
Published: August 2011

In this study was developed an instrument for reliably and quickly assessing senior high school students' attitudes toward writing, primarily through modifying an instrument developed for Grades 4 to 8, and for examining the effects of gender, grade, and ethnicity on these students' attitudes toward writing. A 19-item survey instrument was administered to 870 students. There was no significant main effect for ethnicity, but effects for gender (girls had more positive attitudes toward writing than boys) and for grade. Students in Grade 12 had significantly more positive attitudes toward writing than students in Grades 9, 10, or 11.
On Site Psychological Evaluation of a Hostage Taker
Authors: Rueth Thomas W.
Published: August 2011

Many law enforcement agencies have responded to the challenge of dealing with hostage situations by developing negotiation teams that include psychological consultants. These consultants are useful in determining whether the hostage taker is mentally ill and suggesting possible strategies for negotiation. The traditional psychological evaluation must be modified to fit the unique stresses and requirements of a hostage situation. Suggested is an onsite assessment that includes a mental status evaluation based on observation of a client and a selective history taken from collateral sources.
Confusing the Terms “Guilty” and “Not Guilty”: Implications for Alleged Offenders with Mental Retardation
Authors: Smith Stuart A.
Published: August 2011

Evaluations of competency to stand trial of 45 alleged offenders with mental retardation were inspected to examine their understanding of “guilty” and “not guilty” Seven defendants (16%) had virtually no knowledge of “guilty” and were judged not competent after a thorough evaluation. None received a jail sentence. Although the criminal justice system served well this group with mental retardation, questions remain about the fate of those not identified. Are some pleading guilty when actually meaning “I did not do it” and being surprised by an unexpected jail sentence?
Self-Perceived Strengths in Leadership Abilities between Suburban and Rural Gifted Students Using the Leadership Strengths Indicator
Authors: Abel Trudy , Karnes Frances A.
Published: August 2011

In a comparison made between 49 rural and 98 suburban gifted high school students no significant differences in self-perceived leadership potential were found; however, leadership training was recommended for both groups as their scores could probably be increased.
Income and Gender-Role Egalitarianism
Authors: Fischer Ann R.
Published: August 2011

An extension of Lipset's 1960 or 1981 hypothesis regarding socioeconomic status and social attitudes was investigated. Specifically, the relation between family income and gender-role egalitarianism of 608 college students was examined by sex and age. For 149 younger men (≤21 years) a significant correlation (– .17) was noted, but the relation (– .01) did not hold for the 79 older men (over 21 years) or for women (– .02 and .04) of either age group.
Accidents, Turnover, and Use of a Preemployment Screening Inventory
Authors: Borofsky Gerald L. , Bielema Michelle , Hoffman James
Published: August 2011

This study examined the rates of work-related accidents and turnover among two contrasted groups of employees in a resort hotel/conference center environment. For each variable, measures were obtained for the year prior to the inclusion of a preemployment inventory in the organization's selection process and for each of two years subsequent to the start of inventory use. Analysis indicated the rates of work-related accidents and turnover were significantly lower in the years subsequent to the start of inventory use. Some possible design artifacts and cost/benefit implications are discussed.
Correlation between Stanford-Binet IV and PPVT—R Scores for Young Children
Authors: Hodapp Albert F.
Published: August 2011

The Stanford-Binet IV and PPVT—R were given to 42 children ranging in age from 3 to 6 years. Correlations of .54, .60, and .50 were computed for Standard Age Scores on the Stanford-Binet IV Test Composite, Vocabulary, and Absurdities with the PPVT—R (Form M) standard score equivalent.
Use of the Rorschach to Predict Whether a Person Would Benefit from Psychotherapy
Authors: Frank George
Published: August 2011

Research on the use of the Rorschach in predicting response to psychotherapy was reviewed. The research indicates that form level turns out to be the variable which was related to response to treatment, psychiatric as well as psychological, and provided as much information regarding prognosis as could be derived from either the Beck or Klopfer Prognostic Indices. The kind of research now needed in this area of study was discussed.
Psychological Reactance and Violence within Dating Relationships
Authors: Hockenberry Stewart L. , Billingham Robert E.
Published: August 2011

86 male and 127 female undergraduates were classified into either nonviolent or violent groups based on their self-reported conflict-resolution behaviors within their dating relationships. Using the four subscales of Hong's Psychological Reactance Scale to define the dependent variables, multivariate analyses indicated that individuals in mutually violent relationships had significantly higher scores on all four of the reactance subscales than did those in nonviolent relationships. Men had higher scores than women only on the reactance to conformity subscale. These findings may suggest that both partners in violent dating relationships may be more protective of their personal sense of freedom and more sensitive to perceived threats to these freedoms and that psychological reactance as related to interpersonal control may be an important variable in violent behavior.
Trait-Anxiety and Achievement Motivation are Positively Correlated with Memory Performance in Patients Who Visit a Geriatric Outpatient Clinic with Amnestic Symptoms
Authors: Koenders M. E. F. , Teuns G. , van der Cammen T. J. M. , Passchier J. , van Harskamp F. , Schudel W. J. , Verhage F.
Published: August 2011

Memory performance was studied in relation to anxiety and achievement motivation in a sample of 35 patients who were referred to a geriatric outpatient clinic for their complaints of memory dysfunction. State-anxiety appeared not to be associated with memory performance or the severity of dementia. Trait-anxiety and achievement motivation were associated positively with memory performance and negatively with the severity of dementia. The evaluation of anxiety symptoms in the assessment of dementia is recommended.
A Career Mentor Program
Authors: Walker Lilly J. Schubert , LeBoldus Pamela
Published: August 2011

This Career Mentor Program has associated 546 students with 269 mentors within various career paths to expand students' awareness of career alternatives and educate them about the value of career networks.
Reliability and Validity Data for a Chinese Translation of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression
Authors: Rankin Sally H. , Galbraith Michael E. , Johnson Sharon
Published: August 2011

A translated version of the CES-Depression scale attained a reliability coefficient alpha of 0.92 in a group of 30 adult Chinese persons with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Fifteen percent of the sample scored 16 or above, which has been noted as indicative of depression in U.S. samples. The validity of the instrument was assessed through an in-depth content analysis and through convergent validity analyses. Comparison of depression scores of this sample with those from English-speaking Occidentals shows that diabetes disease-related factors may be an important influence on depression.
Marital Integration, Suicide and Homicide
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Divorce and marriage rates were correlated with suicide and homicide rates over the 48 continental states in 1980, supporting Durkheim's theory of suicide, while ratio measures (such as divorce/marriage) were not.
A Study of Police Suicide in New York City, 1934–1939
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

A study of 92 suicides among police officers in New York City from 1934 to 1939 gave little evidence that work-related stress played a role. Those suicides who were alcohol abusers were younger, less often promoted, more often had current job stress, and more often had interpersonal motives for their suicide.
Acceptance, Resistance, and the Value System of Young Adults
Authors: Madhere Serge
Published: August 2011

This discussion concerns criterion-referenced interpretation of value scales. To improve the process, borrowing from social judgment theory is suggested to expand the conventional taxonomy of affective goals. Testing that approach with a group of 145 predominantly black college freshmen, the study illuminates the patterns of adherence and resistance in their value system. Spirituality was the most salient dimension for a majority (55%) of participants. One out of four relegated concerns for financial success and power to the periphery of their value system.
Church Attendance, Religiosity, and Health
Authors: Schmied Lori A. , Jost Karl J.
Published: August 2011

Many studies have repotted a beneficial effect of church attendance on one's health. Little attempt has been made, however, to ascertain what aspect of the behavior might be responsible for the effect, so church attendance, religiosity, and health were examined in a sample of 174 graduate students (ages 19 to 69 years). Neither attendance nor religiosity was significantly associated in this sample with the frequency or seriousness of illness experienced over the previous 12-mo. period. These findings are discussed in relation to sample characteristics.
Update on AIDS and Sexual Behavior of College Students: Seven Years Later
Authors: Simkins Lawrence D.
Published: August 2011

This survey of 54 single, sexually active college students indicated that there has been a significant increase in concern about AIDS compared to a survey on a similar sample in 1985. A majority of this sample have been involved in monogamous relationships during the past year and 35% have had the AIDS test on which no seropositive results were reported. Yet, despite an increase in AIDS in the nation's heterosexual population, the majority of students continue to engage in unprotected sexual relations. Nevertheless, the over-all pattern of results suggests that there has been a clear shift toward more conservative sexual practices compared to the casual lifestyles during the pre-AIDS era and the early 1980s.
Psychosocial Development in Women: Generativity
Authors: Bailey William T.
Published: August 2011

Personality development, in terms of generativity, was investigated in 50 women who were mothers of young children. Generativity was positively associated with several aspects of personality including self-esteem, locus of control, expressiveness, and instrumentality. The findings support and extend prior work.
“Wet” or “Dry” County Status and its Correlates with Suicide, Homicide, and Illegitimacy
Authors: Joubert Charles E.
Published: August 2011

Between 1978 and 1988 Alabama's “wet” counties had higher mean homicide and illegitimacy rates but lower suicide rates than did that state's “dry” counties.
Psychometric Evidence That Mercury from Silver Dental Fillings May Be an Etiological Factor in Depression, Excessive Anger, and Anxiety
Authors: Siblerud Robert L. , Motl John , Kienholz Eldon
Published: August 2011

Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory were compared for 25 women who had silver dental fillings (amalgams) and for 23 women without amalgams. Women with amalgams had significantly higher scores and reported more symptoms of fatigue and insomnia. Anger scores from the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory showed that the women with amalgams had statistically significantly higher mean scores on expressing anger without provocation and experiencing more intense angry feelings. The women without amalgams scored significantly higher on controlling anger, which suggested they invested more energy in monitoring and preventing the experience and expression of anger. Anxiety scores from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory showed the women with amalgams scored significantly less pleasant, satisfied, happy, secure, and steady, and had a more difficult time making decisions. They had significantly higher Trait Anxiety scores. The women with amalgams also had significantly higher levels of mercury in the oral cavity before and after chewing gum. The study suggests that amalgam mercury may be an etiological factor in depression, excessive anger, and anxiety because mercury can produce such symptoms perhaps by affecting the neurotransmitters in the brain.
Clinical and Research Attitudes of Psy.D. and Ph.D. Clinical Graduate Students
Authors: McNamara John R. , Green Joseph P.
Published: August 2011

A survey of 137 Psy.D. and Ph.D. clinical graduate students out of 561 at 4 Ph.D. schools and 4 Psy.D. schools indicated that these Ph D students found knowledge of statistics and research design to be more useful than the 98 Psy.D. students. A need to replicate and to ascertain the basis for such differences was discussed.
Behavioral Change with Environmental Change
Authors: Belcher Terence L.
Published: August 2011

The influence of sheltered workshop and community employment on inappropriate behaviors of six people with developmental disabilities was examined. During the first 3 months of community employment the mean decrease in targeted behaviors was 94%.
Information-Processing Styles of Paranormal Healers
Authors: Snel F. W. J. J. , van der Sijde P. C.
Published: August 2011

49 paranormal healers working by laying-on-of-hands (direct healing) and distance healing were compared with 56 nursing staff and a control group of 73 on the information-processing styles of field-dependence and reflexivity-impulsivity. Apparently paranormal healers scored as more field-dependent than the other groups which is consistent with observations of paranormal healers when working. No differences appeared among groups on reflexivity-impulsivity.
Effect of Random Response Generation on Cryptomnesia
Authors: Linna Donna E. , Gülgöz Sami
Published: August 2011

The effect of randomizing the response-generation sequence on the frequency of cryptomnesia or inadvertent plagiarism was investigated. It was hypothesized that, if subjects were not aware of the sequence of responding, frequency of cryptomnesia would decrease. Each of the 24 undergraduate psychology students orally generated category exemplars, alternating with 3 other subjects according to a randomized response sequence imposed by the experimenter. Next, subjects attempted to recall items they had just generated. Finally, they had to generate new items in each category. On each task, they were instructed not to repeat an item generated by another subject. Plagiarism of others' responses occurred at the same frequency as in the Brown and Murphy study 0989) in which a sequential response generation was used, indicating that variables other than the awareness of sequence may affect the occurrence of cryptomnesia.
Effect of “Mood That Day” on Pharmacists' Job and Career Satisfaction
Authors: Woodward Jean M. B. , Chen I-Chun
Published: August 2011

We speculated that mood would affect responses to global measures of job and career satisfaction. We randomly selected 692 pharmacists from the Iowa Board of Pharmacy Examiners' mailing list. After two follow-up mailings, 389 questionnaires were received for a usable rate of 56.9%. “Good day” pharmacists were more satisfied with their jobs and careers than “typical day” pharmacists, supporting the contention that global satisfaction indicators reflect affective satisfaction.
Student-Life Stress Inventory: Identification of and Reactions to Stressors
Authors: Gadzella Bernadette M.
Published: August 2011

The purposes of the study were to analyze responses to a stress inventory and assess significance of differences by gender and stress groups on the stressors and reactions to them. The subjects were 290 volunteers who responded to the Student-life Stress Inventory. Analyses showed the inventory is reliable and valid. Differences were noted by gender and amount of stress for types of stressors students experienced and reactions to them.