bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burnout and Perceived Agency Among Texas Choir Teachers
Authors: Nápoles Jessica , Kelley Jamey , Rinn Thomas J.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine variables that contribute to burnout among Texas choral teachers. Specific research questions included: (1) What demographic variables predict burnout in Texas choir teachers? and (2) How do perceptions of teacher agency impact Texas choir teachers’ experience of burnout? After providing demographic information, participants ( N = 151) completed a researcher-designed questionnaire assessing perceived teacher agency and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. We conducted three multiple regression analyses for each of the three dimensions of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Four variables (perceived teacher agency, teaching at a Title 1 school, years of teaching experience, and outside employment work hours) significantly predicted emotional exhaustion. Perceived teacher agency, gender, teaching at a Title 1 school, and years of teaching experience significantly predicted depersonalization. Perceived teacher agency and years of teaching experience significantly predicted personal accomplishment. When perceived teacher agency was lower, teachers experienced greater emotional exhaustion, more depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Women experienced more depersonalization compared to men, and teachers who taught at Title 1 schools reported more emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Years of teaching experience correlated negatively with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization but positively with personal accomplishment.
Groove and Percussion in the Music Classroom
Authors: Smith Gareth Dylan
Published: September 2022

In this article, I explain how percussion and groove are at the core of many musics created and enjoyed today, yet they can be overlooked in music teaching and learning. A pervasive culture of pitched-instrument prejudice makes it difficult to take rhythm and groove seriously, although these can be at the core of meaningful music-making experiences in schools. I provide an original, flexible composition for nonpitched percussion, with easy-to-follow instructions and video demonstration. The article invites teachers to consider embracing an engaging, Afrological approach to making music that emphasizes feel and groove.
Reframing Recruitment as Marketing: Building Connections with Prospective High School Music Students, Families, and Administrators
Authors: Marra Christopher M.
Published: September 2022

The transition from middle school to high school can be a particularly challenging time for music program retention. However, when music teachers view this process through the lens of marketing, it may be possible to develop a more holistic and comprehensive approach toward student enrollment. Marketing strategies related to perception, targeting, salience, and the “rule of seven” are all adaptable to music program membership efforts. These tools can help music teachers more effectively tailor messages and attract prospective students.
Group Work that Works: Peer-Assisted Learning in Large Ensemble Classrooms
Authors: Herman Christina Haarala
Published: September 2022

Music educators often find themselves in the midst of a nearly impossible juggling act that includes preparing students for countless performances while also fostering the development of a wide range of musical skills; however, time and resource constraints frequently inhibit the teacher’s ability to provide individual attention to every student. Implementing peer-assisted learning activities in an existing curriculum can alleviate some of the demand for direct teacher intervention by empowering students to help guide each other through the learning process. This structure can look different from traditional ensemble instruction, leaving teachers with questions about classroom management. The following guidelines and sample unit plans were designed to provide support for teachers as they incorporate collaborative learning in an effective and manageable way.
“The Dark Farewell to the Light of Life”: A Qualitative Study About Prenatal Loss
Authors: Küçük Öztürk Gülhan , Elmas Semra
Published: September 2022

Aim

This study was conducted to determine the experiences of women who encountered loss in the prenatal period.

Method

This study was a qualitative study conducted using the phenomenological method and was conducted according to the guidelines of the COREQ checklist. A total of 11 women who were experienced loss in the early prenatal period were interviewed. The data were analyzed using the content analysis.

Results

Three main themes and eight sub-themes emerged. The themes were light of life (bubble of happiness, journey), dark farewell (silent scream inside, unfinished tale: motherhood, loneliness, family approach) and obscurity (uncertainty about the future, need for support). Women expressed that the loss process had negative effects on their mental health and that they needed help.

Conclusion

Pregnancy illuminates women’s lives, while prenatal loss involves intense and various negative emotions, and women need support in many ways. These results show that women who experienced loss in the prenatal period should be allowed to express their feelings, thoughts and experiences, and the risks in terms of mental health should be reduced by supporting them during the loss and mourning process.
Longitudinal associations for right-wing authoritarianism, social justice, and compassion among seminary students
Authors: Jankowski Peter J , Sandage Steven J , Hauge Daniel J , Hee An Choi , Wang David C
Published: September 2022

Religious/spiritual communities in the United States hold significant differences in the relative valuing of social order and progress toward social justice, and religious/spiritual leaders play an influential role in fostering those values. This recognition has prompted calls for theological education to revise the process of student formation, equipping them to address an increasingly diverse social world and the social disparities within their larger communities. Right-wing authoritarianism tends to be associated with a preference for social order and various forms of prejudice, and negatively associated with prosocial attitudes and behaviors. However, there is a limited amount of research examining associations between right-wing authoritarianism and the prosocial constructs of social justice commitment and compassion. The present study explored the longitudinal associations between right-wing authoritarianism, social justice commitment, and compassion in a sample of graduate students from 18 Christian seminaries across North America over two and a half years of their education ( N = 580; Mage = 31.50; 47.3% female; 62.9% White). Longitudinal data analysis indicated that right-wing authoritarianism exerted a negative influence on social justice commitment and compassion, during the initial time interval which then faded over time. Results also indicated a reciprocal process among right-wing authoritarianism and social justice commitment. Practical implications centered on the potential for interventions targeting the reduction of right-wing authoritarianism to increase social justice commitment and compassion, and interventions targeting greater social justice commitment to lower right-wing authoritarianism.
Between Care and Control: Examining Surveillance Practices in Harm Reduction
Authors: Michaud Liam , van der Meulen Emily , Guta Adrian
Published: September 2022

As harm reduction programs and services proliferate, people who use drugs (PWUD) are increasingly subjected to surveillance through the collection of their personal information, systematic observation, and other means. The data generated from these practices are frequently repurposed across various institutional sites for clinical, evaluative, epidemiological, and administrative uses. Rationales provided for increased surveillance include the more effective provision of care, service optimization, risk stratification, and efficiency in resource allocation. With this in mind, our reflective essay draws on empirical analysis of work within harm reduction services and movements to reflect critically on the impacts and implications of surveillance expansion. While we argue that many surveillance practices are not inherently problematic or harmful, the unchecked expansion of surveillance under a banner of health and harm reduction may contribute to decreased uptake of services, rationing and conditionalities tied to service access, the potential deepening of health disparities amongst some PWUD, and an overlay of health and criminal-legal systems. In this context, surveillance relies on the enlistment of a range of therapeutic actors and reflects the permeable boundary between care and control. We thus call for a broader critical dialogue within harm reduction on the problems and potential impacts posed by surveillance in service settings, the end to data sharing of health information with law enforcement and other criminal legal actors, and deference to the stated need among PWUD for meaningful anonymity when accessing harm reduction and health services.
Recent trends of open surgery for acute type A aortic dissection in Japan
Authors: Okita Yutaka
Published: September 2022

Objective

Reporting clinical outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection.

Methods

Data derived from the survey of the Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery, the Japan Cardiovascular Database, and the Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases were analyzed.

Results

Between 2012 and 2015, the Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases study collected 13,131 patients and the hospital mortality was 24.3%. The surgical mortality was significantly lower than medical one (11.8% vs 49.7%; p < 0.001). The Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery survey disclosed the number of surgeries has been increased to 6157 in 2018 and the hospital death has decreased to 10.5%. The Japan Cardiovascular Database, collected 29,486 patients from 2013 to 2018. Age at surgery was 59.8  ±  14.2 years and patients younger than 65 years in 61% and 21% were older than 75 years. Ninety-four percent had surgery within 24 h after diagnosis. Antegrade cerebral perfusion was used in 74% and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with/without retrograde cerebral perfusion in 26%. Replacement of the ascending aorta was performed in 62% and total arch replacement in 28%. The aortic valve was replaced in 7.9% and repaired in 4.4%. The hospital mortality was 11%. New stroke occurred in 12%, hemodialysis in 7.3%, paraplegia in 3.9%, and prolonged ventilation in 15%.

Conclusion

The number of operations for type A aortic dissection has increased, and hospital mortality has improved. Although the early results after surgery for type A aortic dissection are acceptable, new strategies to improve early outcomes in patients with preoperative comorbidities are required.
Why we need to explore race with Black children
Authors: Senior Whitley Laurice
Published: September 2022

This article will depict the necessity of exploring race with Black children in dramatherapy utilising a black1 empathic approach through which the effects of race can be recognised and safely explored. The concept was inspired by the Black Lives Matter protests during May 2020, triggered by the murder of George Floyd in police custody. During the video of the distressing incident, Floyd said he could not breathe on several occasions, yet the Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin continued to kneel on his neck for nearly 9 minutes. Chauvin’s actions are a vivid reflection of institutional racism affecting Black people. This article will present several issues concerning racial disparities in Britain, with succinct examples of my personal feelings and experiences. Through addressing systemic problems, the article will explore the negative impact of racism and prejudice for Black children, as immediate exposure to an oppressive system means that they are at greater risk of developing mental health issues and a challenged Black identity. Therefore, it is imperative that dramatherapists provide a space for Black children to explore race in order to improve resilience and develop a healthy racial identity.
Developmental trajectories of children’s sibling jealousy after the birth of a sibling: Strict parental control, parenting stress and parental depression as pre-birth predictors
Authors: Chen Bin-Bin , Ning Min , Lv Jing
Published: September 2022

This longitudinal research identified the developmental trajectories of sibling jealousy in firstborn children (M age = 49.9 months; 55% boys) among 107 Chinese families from 1 to 12 months after the birth of a younger sibling. Four sibling jealousy trajectories were identified: (a) low-increasing, (b) middle-stable, (c) high-stable, and (d) sharp-increasing. Trajectory group membership varied as a function of pre-birth parental factors including strict parental control (i.e., tiger parenting), parenting stress, and parental depression. These results highlight the benefit of examining the development of sibling jealousy over the transition to siblinghood and the importance to recognize pre-birth parental characteristics, especially paternal factors, as determinants when identifying children who may be at greater risk of adjustment difficulties following the birth of a younger sibling.
Vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring in patients on continuous renal replacement therapy: a retrospective study
Authors: Liu Yuyan , Jiang Li , Lou Ran , Wang Meiping , Si Quan
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in patients on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and explore the risk factors for exceeding the target concentration.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled patients aged ≥18 years who were admitted to the intensive care unit and treated with ≥3 intravenous vancomycin doses during CRRT, and who underwent vancomycin TDM. Demographic and other information were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used assess the risk factors for exceeding the target concentration.

Results

Sixty-nine patients were included, and 40.6% patients underwent TDM. Additionally, 14.5% of patients reached the optimal concentration, and 87.5% of patients who exceeded the target received a daily dose adjustment. The cumulative dose of vancomycin and serum albumin were risk factors for exceeding the target concentration in patients on CRRT.

Conclusions

Patients on CRRT did not meet the optimal vancomycin management; <50% of the patients routinely received vancomycin TDM, and <15% achieved the optimal concentration. Fewer patients in the subtherapeutic group received a daily dose adjustment than those who exceeded the target concentration. Cumulative vancomycin and serum albumin doses before TDM were the risk factors for exceeding the target concentration in CRRT patients.
The association between heart rate variability and skin conductance: a correlation analysis in healthy individuals and patients with somatic symptom disorder comorbid with depression and anxiety
Authors: Huang Wei-Lieh , Ko Li-Chin , Liao Shih-Cheng
Published: September 2022

Objective

To investigate the correlations between heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance (SC) in two populations under three different situations.

Methods

This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with somatic symptom disorder comorbid with depression and anxiety and healthy individuals without a psychiatric history. The biological signals were measured under three conditions: resting state, during a cognitive task and during paced breathing. Pearson’s correlation analysis and the generalized estimating equation were used to examine the correlations between SC and HRV in the two populations under the three situations.

Results

The study enrolled 97 patients with somatic symptom disorder comorbid with depression and anxiety and 96 healthy individuals. In healthy individuals, the ratio of low-frequency power to high frequency power (LF/HF) and normalized LF (LF%) were significantly correlated with SC in the resting state and during a cognitive task, but the correlation coefficients were low level. In patients with somatic symptom disorder comorbid with depression and anxiety, LF/HF and LF% did not show significant correlations with SC under any situation.

Conclusions

The two different populations and three situations might have affected the significance of the LF/HF-SC and LF%-SC correlations. The generally low correlations indicate that LF/HF and LF% cannot fully reflect the sympathetic cholinergic activity represented by SC.
Body mass index and comorbidities are associated with the duration of COVID-19 symptoms in non-hospitalized patients
Authors: Šarčević Zoran , Tepavčević Andreja
Published: September 2022

Objective

Evidence indicates that people with a high body mass index (BMI) tend to develop more severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to determine the association between the duration of COVID-19 symptoms and variables such as BMI, age, presence of comorbidities, and smoking in non-hospitalized patients.

Methods

In this observational cross-sectional analytical study, we analyzed the data of patients with COVID-19 but without severe manifestations. We conducted descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, and multivariate quasi-Poisson regression in the analysis. The quasi-Poisson regression model was configured with the duration of COVID-19 symptoms as the response variable, and BMI and the presence of comorbidities as the explanatory variables.

Results

Among 302 non-hospitalized patients, we found a significant difference in COVID-19 symptom duration between the overweight group and the group with normal weight. Multivariate quasi-Poisson regression analysis showed that BMI and the presence of comorbidities were associated with the duration of COVID-19 symptoms. On the contrary, sex, age, and smoking status were not related to COVID-19 symptom duration.

Conclusions

BMI and comorbidities were associated with the duration of COVID-19 symptoms in non-hospitalized patients.
A Novel Method to Measure Occlusal Cant Clinically
Authors: Singh Pavankumar R. , Ambekar Anand S. , Kangane Suresh K.
Published: September 2022

Traditionally occlusal cant angle is measured using a posteroanterior cephalogram. They can also be measured using photographic and 3-dimensional imaging methods. This clinical tip describes an easy method to measure occlusal cant clinically.
Measuring Onward Connectivity with a Prescriptive Approach
Authors: Mateu Jose M. , Pinana Enrique
Published: September 2022

Although connectivity has been the focus of several topics in the research field, onward connectivity has received less attention, despite that it can shed light on various issues in the context of a mature air transport market and an increasingly dense airport network. We propose several ways to measure onward connectivity, some of which are based on the connectivity literature whilst others are suggested in the light of a qualitative study on the needs and wants of a particular customer segment in the case study of Castellon airport, Spain. We apply our measures to this case to determine the best hub to connect to for this segment and provide the connection that maximizes onward connectivity. We find that “demand catered for,” an onward connectivity measure that balances the number of destinations with the interest of the potential customers, is a good tool to choose the best hub. We also propose the adjustment of a measure based on connectivity literature (the global connectivity index) which delivers a more precise approach to choosing the best time of the day to connect to the hub. Our work opens new venues for studying connectivity from a perspective based on market demand as well as using onward connectivity for prescriptive applications and is potentially useful for almost one in two airports (particularly new and small ones), as well as for other actors in the commercial aviation industry.
Effect of Radiological Evidence of Kaplan Fiber Injury on the Clinical and Functional Outcomes After Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Devitt Brian M. , Klemm Haydn J. , Kirby Julia , Batty Lachlan M. , Webster Kate E. , Whitehead Timothy S. , Feller Julian A.
Published: September 2022

Background:

A paucity of information is available regarding the clinical outcomes of patients with radiological evidence of Kaplan fiber (KF) injury who undergo anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR).

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to compare clinical and functional outcomes in patients undergoing acute primary ACLR with and without magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of KF injury. The hypothesis was that there would be no difference in clinical or functional outcomes in patients with versus those without radiological evidence of KF injury.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

MRI analysis was conducted on patients in a longitudinal prospective study of ACL injury. Only patients who had an MRI scan and had undergone isolated primary ACLR within 60 days of injury were included. MRI was performed using standard knee protocols, and diagnostic criteria were applied to identify KF injury. A total of 32 patients with KF injury (mean age, 24.2 years; 21 male, 11 female) were identified and matched for sex, age, graft type, and preinjury activity with 90 patients who had intact KF. Patients were followed up at 12 months with KT-1000 arthrometer measurements of side-to-side difference in anterior knee laxity, single- and triple-hop limb symmetry index (LSI), Marx activity and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, and return to sport (RTS) rates at 12 months and 24 months.

Results:

No differences were found in anterior knee laxity and single- and triple-hop LSI values between the KF-intact and KF-injured cohorts at 12 months. No differences in Marx and IKDC scores were found between the groups at 12 months and 2 years. The overall rate of RTS within 24 months was 75% (92/122), and 5 patients (2 KF-injured; 3 KF-intact) had a subsequent graft rupture.

Conclusion:

We found no difference in clinical or functional outcomes in patients with and without radiological evidence of KF injury who underwent acute primary ACLR. Based on these findings, the radiological presence of KF injury at the time of acute ACL injury should not be regarded as a risk factor for a negative prognosis after ACLR.
Early ACLR and Risk and Timing of Secondary Meniscal Injury Compared With Delayed ACLR or Nonoperative Treatment: A Time-to-Event Analysis Using Machine Learning
Authors: Lu Yining , Jurgensmeier Kevin , Till Sara E. , Reinholz Anna , Saris Daniel B.F. , Camp Christopher L. , Krych Aaron J.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Surgical and nonoperative management of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries seek to mitigate the risk of knee instability and secondary meniscal injury. However, the associated risk and timing of secondary meniscal tears have not been completely elucidated.

Purpose:

To compare risk and timing of secondary meniscal injury between patients receiving nonoperative management, delayed ACL reconstruction (ACLR), and early ACLR using a machine learning survival analysis.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A geographic database was used to identify and review records of patients with a diagnosis of ACL rupture between 1990 and 2016 with minimum 2-year follow-up. Patients undergoing ACLR were matched 1:1 with nonoperatively treated controls. Rate and time to secondary meniscal tear were compared using random survival forest algorithms; independent models were developed and internally validated for predicting injury-free duration in both cohorts. Performance was measured using out-of-bag c-statistic, calibration, and Brier score. Model interpretability was enhanced using global variable importance and partial dependence curves.

Results:

The study included 1369 patients who underwent ACLR and 294 patients who had nonoperative treatment. After matching, no significant differences in rates of secondary meniscal tear were found ( P = .09); subgroup analysis revealed the shortest periods of meniscal survival in patients undergoing delayed ACLR. The random survival forest algorithm achieved excellent predictive performance for the ACLR cohort, with an out-of-bag c-statistic of 0.80 and a Brier score of 0.11. Significant variables for risk of meniscal tear for the ACLR cohort included time to return to sports or activity ≤350 days, time to surgery ≥50 days, age at injury ≤40 years, and high-impact or rotational landing sports, whereas those in the nonoperative cohort model included time to RTS ≤200 days, visual analog scale pain score >3 at consultation, hypermobility, and noncontact sports.

Conclusion:

Delayed ACLR demonstrated the greatest long-term risk of meniscal injury compared with nonoperative treatment or early ACLR. Risk factors for decreased meniscal survival after ACLR included increased time to surgery, shorter time to return to sports or activity, older age at injury, and involvement in high-impact or rotational landing sports. Pending careful external validation, these models may be deployed in the clinical space to provide real-time insights and enhance decision making.
Loneliness is Associated With Lower Coping Self-Efficacy Among Older Adults
Authors: Lee Ji W. , Nersesian Paula V. , Suen Jonathan J. , Mensah Cudjoe Thomas K. , Gill Jessica , Szanton Sarah L. , Hladek Melissa D.
Published: September 2022

To address the gap of lacking research on the association between coping self-efficacy and loneliness, this study examined this relationship to inform future research and intervention on loneliness. Using data from 151 community-dwelling older adults ages 65 and older, we estimated multivariate logistic regression models with age, race/ethnicity, sex, body mass index, chronic disease composite score, social support, coping self-efficacy, and depression symptoms. Loneliness was reported in 32.1% of participants and negatively associated with coping self-efficacy (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50–0.93) while controlling for age, race, sex, chronic disease composite score, and body mass index. Our findings suggest that coping self-efficacy may be a target for intervention involving loneliness in future research; however, the causal relationship between coping self-efficacy and loneliness should be explored further.
Using Narrative Inquiry to Understand Anti-Muslim Racism in Canadian Nursing
Authors: Saleh Nasrin , Clark Nancy , Bruce Anne , Moosa-Mitha Mehmoona
Published: September 2022

Background

Islamophobia or, anti-Muslim racism, and more specifically, gendered islamophobia targeting Muslim women who wear a hijab is rising globally and is aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, anti-Muslim racism is not well understood in Canadian nursing.

Purpose

This study utilized narrative inquiry to understand anti-Muslim racism through the experiences of nurses who wear a hijab with the goal of putting forward their counter-narrative that disrupts anti-Muslim racism in Canadian nursing.

Methods

Narrative inquiry informed by Critical Race Feminism, care ethics, and intersectionality were used to analyze the factors shaping anti-Muslim racism and composite narratives were used to present the results.

Results

The three composite narratives are: ‘This is Who I Am: A Muslim Nurse with a Hijab and an Accent’; ‘I Know What is at Play: Unveiling Operating Power Structures and Power Relations’; and ‘Rewriting the Narrative: Navigating Power Structures and Power Relations’. These composite narratives constituted the nurses’ counter-narrative. They revealed intersections of gendered, racial divisions of labour and religious narratives that shape anti-Muslim racism, as operating power relations in nursing, and how Muslim nurses reclaimed control to resist their racialized stereotypes.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that anti-Muslim racism in nursing operates through multiple intersecting power relations. Using stories can mobilize transformational change so that anti-racist practices, policies, and pedagogy can be embraced.
Implicit Racial and Gender Bias About Handguns: A New Implicit Association Test
Authors: Ellyson Alice M. , Martin Karin D. , Bowen Deirdre , Gallagher Amy , Rivara Frederick P.
Published: September 2022

This study measured implicit and explicit racial bias about women and handguns and addressed important perceptions and stereotypes about gun competence and victimization that vary based on race and gender. We administered a national survey to 1,000 US adults using a new Race–Women–Handguns Implicit Association Test (IAT). Survey weighting was used to generate nationally representative estimates on the prevalence of implicit racial bias about women with handguns. The majority of participants (62.5%) associated Black women with handguns and White women with smartphones (weighted-mean IAT = 0.252; 95% CI [0.227, 0.276]) reflecting an anti-Black bias among US adults that is stereotype consistent associating Black women with handguns and White women with smartphones. The proportion that indicated Black and White women were competent with handguns was low (21.6% and 22.4%, respectively), and the proportion of US adults who indicated Black women are more likely to experience intimate partner violence (range: 19.4%−22.9%) and sexual harassment/assault (range: 11.4%−20.4%) was low compared to the prevalence of both forms of violence US among Black women that may impact the decision to possess a handgun. These findings suggest there is an anti-Black implicit bias about women with handguns (associating Black women with handguns) among US adults and support the need for further research measuring racism in systems and structures that intersect with gun possession.
The Results of Different Heating Temperatures on Activities of Bioactive Proteins in Human Milk
Authors: Zhang Jie , Duley John A. , Cowley David M. , Shaw Paul N. , Zhou Peng , Koorts Pieter , Bansal Nidhi
Published: September 2022

Background:

The most utilized pasteurization method in donor human milk banks is Holder pasteurization (heating 62.5 °C for 30 min). However, many bioactive proteins are heat sensitive and are inactivated.

Research Aim:

To determine the results of a range of heating regimes on the activities of xanthine oxidase, lactoperoxidase and lysozyme, the concentrations of immunoglobulin A and lactoferrin, as well as bacterial inactivation.

Method:

This prospective, cross-sectional, intervention study was designed to measure the influence of heating temperatures on bioactive components in donor human milk. Milk samples were processed at 40, 50, 55, 62.5, 75, 127 °C and the activities of the enzymes, and the concentration of immune proteins, were measured.

Results:

No bacterial colonies were detectable, using standard culture methods, after heating above 50 ºC. All proteins studied retained over 60% concentrations or activities when the pasteurization temperature was 50 ºC or lower, while their concentrations or activities were lost at higher temperatures. For lactoferrin, the residual concentration was above 80% when heating temperature was under 55 °C, while only 20% remained after Holder pasteurization. Both xanthine oxidase and lactoperoxidase had little residual activity when temperatures were above Holder pasteurization. Lysozyme retained a greater proportion of residual activity than other proteins, following heating at all temperatures.

Conclusions:

The concentrations or activities of immune proteins and bioactive enzymes decreased when heated above 50 °C. The results of this study can be used to design temperature control guidance during alternative methods of pasteurization.
Trade Secret Protection and R&D Investment of Family Firms
Authors: Hussinger Katrin , Issah Wunnam
Published: September 2022

Family firms are known for their reluctance to invest in R&D. We show that strengthened trade secret protection is associated with higher R&D investment by family firms. More specifically, we show that the association between the strength of trade secret protection through the U.S. Uniform Trade Secrets Act and R&D investment is positively moderated by family control. Our results further show that the positive moderation of family control on the association between the strength of trade secret protection and R&D investment varies with the industry context, being stronger in high-tech industries and weaker in discrete product industries.
Functional Limitations and Physical Health in Community-Dwelling Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries: Variation by Race and Hispanic Subgroup
Authors: Luck Jeff , Govier Diana , Ðoàn Lan N. , Mahakalanda Shyama , Zhang Wei , Mendez-Luck Carolyn
Published: September 2022

Objectives: The objective is to examine racial and ethnic heterogeneity in older adults’ functional limitations and physical health. Methods: Data were from 2011 to 2015 Health Outcomes Survey of Medicare Advantage beneficiaries 65 and older ( N = 828,946). Outcomes were Physical Component Summary (PCS) scores and need for assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs). Six non-Hispanic racial groups and five Hispanic subgroups were analyzed. Regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and health characteristics. Results: White and Asian respondents had the lowest unadjusted ADL difficulty rates and highest PCS scores. In adjusted analyses, Cuban respondents had the highest PCS scores and lowest rates of any ADL difficulty; White respondents had the lowest rates of specific ADL difficulties. Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander and multiple Hispanic respondents had the highest ADL difficulty rates. Discussion: Both the healthiest and highest need subgroups of Medicare Advantage beneficiaries were Hispanic. Understanding racial and ethnic subgroup differences may help target interventions to prevent or aid with functional limitations.
Psychometrics of the Physical Resilience Scale in Older Adults Living with Dementia: Proxy Responses
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Boltz Marie , Galik Elizabeth , Kuzmik Ashley , Ellis Jeanette , Wells Chris
Published: September 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine if proxies can complete the Physical Resilience Scale for older adults living with dementia. Methods: This was a descriptive study using Rasch analysis and baseline data from the Function Focused Care for Acute Care Using the Evidence Integration Triangle trial. The first 240 patients living with dementia were included in this analysis. Results: There was evidence of reliability based on person and item separation index. There was no evidence of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) between genders and a DIF by race on Item 7. Validity was supported based on items fitting the model with the exception of one item, and a significant relationship between physical resilience and pain and function. Discussion: There is some evidence that the Physical Resilience Scale is reliable and valid when completed by proxy reports. Future use should remove one of the items due to redundancy.
Research progress on preparation methods of water-soluble polyaniline
Authors: Xiao Yuansong , Wang Yanmin , Wu Xueliang , Ma Yong
Published: September 2022

The application of polyaniline (PANI) in various fields is greatly limited by its poor solubility in water.Many methods which could elevate PANI water-soluble ability were used by researchers to expand its application range. In this paper, the research progress of the commonly used preparation methods of water-soluble PANI in recent years is reviewed. The main preparation methods of water-soluble PANI are categorized into four types including monomer modification, controlling the polymerization process, introducing water-soluble groups or substances, macromolecular reaction. They are composed of aniline derivative method, copolymerization, emulsion polymerization method, dispersion polymerization method, acid doping method, compound method, ATRP method. The principles of various methods to achieve water-solubility of PANI are introduced, the research on each preparation method reported before are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized.
Thermal management of lithium-ion prismatic batteries using aluminum mini channels
Authors: Rao Ponangi Babu , Gollapudi Revanth , DL Bharath , Kumar HV Santhosh
Published: September 2022

Now-a-days almost all the electric cars are fitted with Lithium-ion batteries due to their self discharge characteristics and high energy density. The major drawback concerning Lithium-ion batteries is that, when a certain temperature is achieved, it could lead to the explosion of the battery. Therefore, Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) is introduced which helps in the distribution of heat. In this work, a prismatic battery with a mini-channel tube design is used to study the characteristics at different discharge rates and flow rates. The characteristics of the battery are stimulated with ANSYS19.2 tool, at discharge rates of 1-C, 1.5-C, and 2-C with water flow rates of 0.05, 0.5, and 5 LPM. Mesh and time-independent study was performed to validate and find the optimal element size, time step, and the number of iterations. The results obtained indicate a better uniform temperature distribution due to the constructive aluminum mini channels around the lithium-ion battery.
Thermophysical and transient heat transfer characteristics of aqueous SiO2 nanofluid in energy management applications
Authors: Mukherjee Sayantan , Panda Smita Rani , Mishra Purna Chandra , Sen Swarnendu , Chaudhuri Paritosh
Published: September 2022

The development and implementation of transient heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in energy management were studied. Ultrasonic-assisted SiO2/water nanofluids with 0.1–1.5 wt. % were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) surfactant. The stability of nanofluids was tested and confirmed using zeta potential and light absorbance measurement. Thermophysical properties of nanofluid were investigated at various weight concentrations from 0.1 to 1.5 wt. % in a temperature range of 25–70°C. Transient heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids were examined. Thermophysical properties were enhanced by adding nanoparticles to base fluid. A major enhancement in transient heat transfer characteristics was obtained by applying SiO2/water nanofluids. The convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) was increased up to 2.37 times compared to water. The heat absorbance efficiency of the system is increased by a maximum of 24.54%. Finally, a new CHTC correlation has been proposed.
Parents’ Political Ideology Predicts How Their Children Punish
Authors: Leshin Rachel A. , Yudkin Daniel A. , Van Bavel Jay J. , Kunkel Lily , Rhodes Marjorie
Published: September 2022

From an early age, children are willing to pay a personal cost to punish others for violations that do not affect them directly. Various motivations underlie such “costly punishment”: People may punish to enforce cooperative norms (amplifying punishment of in-groups) or to express anger at perpetrators (amplifying punishment of out-groups). Thus, group-related values and attitudes (e.g., how much one values fairness or feels out-group hostility) likely shape the development of group-related punishment. The present experiments ( N = 269, ages 3−8 from across the United States) tested whether children’s punishment varies according to their parents’ political ideology—a possible proxy for the value systems transmitted to children intergenerationally. As hypothesized, parents’ self-reported political ideology predicted variation in the punishment behavior of their children. Specifically, parental conservatism was associated with children’s punishment of out-group members, and parental liberalism was associated with children’s punishment of in-group members. These findings demonstrate how differences in group-related ideologies shape punishment across generations.
What You See Is What You Hear: Sounds Alter the Contents of Visual Perception
Authors: Williams Jamal R. , Markov Yuri A. , Tiurina Natalia A. , Störmer Viola S.
Published: September 2022

Visual object recognition is not performed in isolation but depends on prior knowledge and context. Here, we found that auditory context plays a critical role in visual object perception. Using a psychophysical task in which naturalistic sounds were paired with noisy visual inputs, we demonstrated across two experiments (young adults; ns = 18–40 in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively) that the representations of ambiguous visual objects were shifted toward the visual features of an object that were related to the incidental sound. In a series of control experiments, we found that these effects were not driven by decision or response biases ( ns = 40–85) nor were they due to top-down expectations ( n = 40). Instead, these effects were driven by the continuous integration of audiovisual inputs during perception itself. Together, our results demonstrate that the perceptual experience of visual objects is directly shaped by naturalistic auditory context, which provides independent and diagnostic information about the visual world.
‘Noticias no son noticias, ¿no?’: Mexican perspectives on violence in the media and the war on drugs
Authors: Thomas Jamie A
Published: September 2022

Explicit images and descriptions of violent death are typical within the Mexican media landscape, and especially within the context of the War on Drugs. Here, I share observations of my encounters with these media, particularly television narcotelenovelas and tabloids. I also center the voices of people with firsthand experience of the narcoscape in Mexico City and Ciudad Juárez, including Mrs. Luz María Dávila, the mother of two youths slain in a 2010 drug cartel-directed massacre. Across the two main sites of this study, a university seminar and a public town hall meeting, a professor and a self-politicized mother each question the role of the media in upholding investments in violence within news and entertainment. As the professor asks, ‘News are not simply news, right?’ These insights invite reflection on the public’s participation as spectator-voyeurs in the more than 105,000 Mexican deaths facilitated by cross-border trade in illicit narcotics to-date. The interactional data also suggest effective ways of encouraging critical media analysis in and beyond university settings.
Distributed event-triggered consensus control for multiple Euler–Lagrange systems with transmission delay under directed networks
Authors: Zhao Jiajun , Wang Qiangde , Wei Chunling
Published: September 2022

This article addresses the distributed consensus control for multiple Euler–Lagrange systems under directed networks with time-varying transmission delays. Only some followers can access the information of the leader; communication is directed between agents. A distributed adaptive event-triggered control protocol is designed for the two cases where the generalized velocity of the leader is constant/time varying. When the generalized velocity of the leader is time varying, a distributed adaptive observer is designed to make followers obtain the time-varying information of the leader. Then, Lyapunov stability theory and the Linear matrix inequality algorithm prove the tracking errors can converge to zero in a completely distributed chattering-free manner. With the event-triggered mechanism, the number of communications can be decreased, and the system update frequency and the energy consumption can be reduced effectively. Meanwhile, the elimination of the Zeno behavior is also proved. Finally, the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the two controllers.
Pilot study on accelerated aging in lupus using epigenetic biomarkers of age
Authors: Gensous Noémie , Blanco Patrick , Lazaro Estibaliz , Mercié Patrick , Pellegrin Isabelle , Richez Christophe , Duffau Pierre
Published: September 2022

Objective

Despite an important increase in lifespan over the last decades, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) still have to face a high morbi-mortality, particularly related to cardiovascular diseases, infections and cancers. Such events are more commonly found during old age in the general population, raising the hypothesis of an acceleration of the aging process in SLE patients. In this pilot study, we wanted to test the hypothesis that SLE would be associated with an accelerated biological aging measured by the epigenetic clocks models.

Methods

We applied DNA methylation-based biomarkers of age in publicly available datasets of SLE patients. For every SLE patient and control included in the dataset, we calculated their epigenetic age and a measure of epigenetic age acceleration, according to Horvath’s epigenetic clock model.

Results

We included in our analysis two distinct DNA methylation datasets of 30 subjects (among which 15 with SLE) and 55 subjects (among which 30 with SLE), respectively. In both datasets, there was a statistically significant correlation between chronological age and epigenetic age. We did not observe any statistically significant difference in the measure of epigenetic age acceleration between SLE patients and controls.

Conclusion

We did not observe any evidence of an accelerated biological aging in SLE patients, according to Horvath’s epigenetic clock model.
Seduction, caution, fight: Media framing of research-based expertise in Norwegian print media coverage of low energy buildings (2005–2012)
Authors: Berker Thomas , Müller Liana
Published: September 2022

In a little more than 10 years, Norway went from being a laggard in low energy construction to mandatory Passive House energy consumption levels for all new buildings. This is a remarkable story of expert-led sustainable change, in which considerable resistance had to be overcome. Based on a distant and a close reading of Norwegian print media coverage of low energy buildings between 2005 and 2012, we analyse one aspect of this success story: representations of research-based expert authority. Our empirical study is motivated by a concern for expert authority in conflicts that arise when sustainability policies are implemented. We found three distinct, but complementary groups of representations, cautious dissemination of research findings, open engagement in public controversies, and seductive ‘home stories’. In a division of labour, we argue, they were able to assert research-based authority that persisted despite heated public controversies.
Reflection of Types of Prosocial Behavior During COVID-19 in Collectivistic Asian Countries—India and Indonesia
Authors: Shukla Shanu , Mishra Sushanta Kumar , Agustino Rahmi Dian
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 is an infectious disease that has widened the gap between victims and non-victims in society. Understanding how individuals support and assist COVID-19 sufferers in a pandemic crisis is critical. Thus, this study aims to qualitatively evaluate the prosocial intention and types of prosocial behavior toward COVID-19 victims by low socioeconomic individuals from India and Indonesia’s collectivistic societies. We conducted semi-structured and in-depth interviews during the lockdown from March to May 2020, via phone and in-person, using a purposive selection of respondents (total n = 50). The data were analyzed using the qualitative synthesis method. Five themes were discovered: 1) too scared to help, 2) love to help but scared: moral dilemma, 3) informing authority who knows how to handle, 4) caring, sharing, and supporting, but with a distance, and 5) helping at one’s personal health risk. This study highlights that prosocial intentions range from minor acts of kindness to self-harm and out-of-bounds acts of kindness for COVID-19 victims.