bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Maceration on the Biodiversity of Yeasts in the Early Winemaking Stages of White Wine from the Slovak Tokay Wine Region
Authors: Regecová Ivana , Výrostková Jana , Semjon Boris , Lovayová Viera , Jevinová Pavlina , Megyesy Eftimová Zuzana , Bartkovský Martin , Pipová Monika , Marcinčák Slavomír
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effect of maceration and different winemaking techniques on the species diversity of yeasts in white wines from the Slovak Tokay wine region, known for its traditional white wine production. Lipovina grape variety samples were divided into three groups: control (C), macerated (M) and macerated with the addition of a yeast culture (MY). During the entire fermentation process, quantitative and qualitative microbiological analyses of the raw material and must samples were carried out, which resulted in the identification of 60 yeast isolates via the API 20 C AUX biochemical test and MALDI-TOF MS. Identification was further verified via Sanger sequencing of PCR amplicons, which confirmed the presence of less common wild yeasts in Tokay wine must samples, including Aureobasidium pullulans, Cryptococcus magnus, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Rhodotorula sp. The highest species diversity was observed in the macerated group. These findings indicate that the quality and distinctiveness of Slovak Tokay wines can be increased by careful management of the maceration process during winemaking procedures.
Interfacial and Bulk Properties of Potato and Faba Protein in Connection with Physical Emulsion Stability at Various pH Values and High Salt Concentrations
Authors: Cao Jiarui , Corstens Meinou , Schroën Karin
Published: November 2024

The protein transition motivates the use of plant proteins, but their application in food emulsions is challenging, especially when high concentrations of oil and salt are needed for formulation and sensory properties. In the present work, we connect the iso-electric point of two potato protein isolates (patatin-rich, POPI-200; protease inhibitor-rich, POPI-300) and a faba protein isolate (FPI) to the behavior in the bulk phase and at the interface, and relate this to the physical stability of 45 wt% oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions in the presence of NaCl at pH 4.0–7.0. In the absence of NaCl, a higher bulk viscosity was found at the iso-electric point (IEP), especially for the FPI. In the presence of NaCl, the viscosity of the POPI-200 solutions was highest, followed by POPI-300, and that of the FPI was lowest, irrespective of the pH. Both POPIs showed faster initial adsorption at the O/W interface in the absence of NaCl, and formed a more elastic layer compared to the FPI. For all proteins, salt addition leads to less elastic films. Interestingly, the interfaces were more elastic at a pH close to the IEP of the protein in the presence of NaCl. Both POPI-stabilized emulsions showed higher stability (smaller size and less oiling off) than the FPI-stabilized emulsions, which makes potato proteins relevant for food emulsion product formulation, even under high salt conditions.
Relationships Among Psychological Risk, Eco-Friendly Packaging, Price Fairness, and Brand Trust of Bottled Water Consumers: Moderating the Impact of Nutritional Disclosure
Authors: Sun Kyung-A , Moon Joonho
Published: November 2024

This study explores the relationship between psychological risk, price fairness, and brand trust in consumers of bottled water. We also tested the moderating effect of nutritional disclosure on the impacts of psychological risk and eco-friendly packaging on price fairness. We analyzed the data of 308 participants recruited via the Clickworker platform. Hayes’ PROCESS macro model 7 was employed to test the hypotheses. Price fairness was negatively influenced by psychological risk. Moreover, brand trust was significantly impacted by psychological risk and price fairness, with a significant moderating effect of nutritional disclosure on the relationship between eco-friendly packaging and price fairness. This work adds to the literature by identifying the relationship among four factors relevant to bottled water businesses.
Detection and Characterization of Visceral Anisakid Nematodes in Blue Whiting from Portuguese Waters
Authors: Rigkou Athanasia , Hemnani Mahima , Martins Ana Luísa , Mesquita João R.
Published: November 2024

This study employs molecular detection techniques, including conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing, to investigate the prevalence, species composition and public health implications of Anisakid nematodes in blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) caught off the Portuguese coast. With Portugal’s high fish consumption rates and increasing preference for raw or undercooked seafood, the risk of parasitic infections, particularly anisakidosis, is rising. Fifty blue whiting fish were examined, showing a 100% infection rate with Anisakid larvae. Molecular analysis identified 68.1% of the larvae as Anisakis simplex, 18.1% as Anisakis pegreffii, and 13.8% as Hysterothylacium aduncum, marking the first report of H. aduncum in blue whiting in Portugal. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1, 5.8S ribosomal RNA and ITS-2 confirmed the species classification. Notably, 42.9% of the fish were infected with multiple Anisakid species, increasing the risk of allergenic sensitization. Statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between fish width and parasitic load, and a weak negative correlation was found between fish length and parasitic load. The study contributes to food safety by integrating molecular tools that enable rapid and accurate species identification, offering new insights into the detection of biological contaminants in seafood. These findings are significant considering the rising trend in raw seafood consumption, underscoring the urgent need for enhanced detection strategies and broader parasite monitoring programs to mitigate public health risks. The high prevalence of parasitized fish highlights the necessity for the implementation of safe cooking practices to reduce the risk of anisakidosis. Further research into the allergenic potential of Hysterothylacium spp. and the ecological factors influencing this nematode distribution is recommended.
Recent Applications and Prospects of Enzymes in Quality and Safety Control of Fermented Foods
Authors: Dai Yiwei , Chen Yingxi , Lin Xinping , Zhang Sufang
Published: November 2024

Fermented foods have gained global attention for their unique flavor and immense health benefits. These flavor compounds and nutrients result from the metabolic activities of microorganism during fermentation. However, some unpleasant sensory characteristics and biohazard substances could also be generated in fermentation process. These quality and safety issues in fermented foods could be addressed by endogenous enzymes. In this review, the applications of enzymes in quality control of fermented foods, including texture improvement, appearance stability, aroma enhancement, and debittering, are discussed. Furthermore, the enzymes employed in eliminating biohazard compounds such as ethyl carbamate, biogenic amines, and nitrites, formed during fermentation, are reviewed. Advanced biological methods used for enhancing the enzymatic activity and stability are also summarized. This review focused on the applications and future prospects of enzymes in the improvement quality and safety qualities of fermented foods.
The Possibility of Using Oil Pomace as a Substitute for Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) in Muesli Bar Technology
Authors: Siczek Patryk , Libera Justyna
Published: November 2024

The utilization of food industry waste to create innovative, high-quality products with reduced environmental impact is a growing trend in food technology. Walnut oil pomace, a byproduct of walnut oil production, is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, making it an excellent candidate for reuse in muesli bars as a replacement for walnuts. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of replacing walnuts with oil pomace in muesli bar recipes and to assess whether the resulting product meets quality standards. Ground expeller walnut oil pomaces and aqueous extract were tested, with a bar containing ground walnuts serving as the reference sample. The bars were evaluated for sensory, physicochemical, and antioxidant properties, and their nutritional values were assessed. Results showed that the pomace-enriched bars exhibited satisfactory physicochemical properties, with texture, color, and safety (as measured by water activity and pH) comparable to the control bars. Sensory evaluations classified all bars as acceptable, with no significant differences in nutritional value. The study concludes that walnut pomace holds promise as a sustainable ingredient in food technology, potentially expanding product diversity while reducing environmental impact. This concept aligns with promoting sustainable practices in food manufacturing.
Screening Zinc Protoporphyrin-Forming Lactic Acid Bacteria to Replace Nitrite in Meat Products
Authors: Yang Qianhui , Feng Zhiqiang , Chen Qian , Liu Haotian , Liu Qian , Sun Fangda , Kong Baohua
Published: November 2024

Seventeen strains of LAB (lactic acid bacteria) were screened for their ability to form ZnPP (zinc protoporphyrin) by measuring fluorescence intensity. Three strains (Weissella viridescens JX11, Weissella viridescens MDJ8, and Lactobacillus pentosus Q) exhibited notable ZnPP-forming ability. The ferrochelatase enzyme activity of W. viridescens JX11 was significantly higher than that of the other two strains (p < 0.05). The three selected strains were then inoculated into minced meat to observe their effect on color development and quality properties. The a*-values of the bacteria-inoculated groups were significantly higher than those of the control group and lower than those of the nitrite group (p < 0.05). The visible bright red color of the inoculated groups was stronger than that of the control and inferior to the nitrite group, especially in cooked minced meat. The fluorescence intensities in inoculated groups were significantly higher than those of the control and nitrite groups (p < 0.05). The UV–Vis absorbance data at 417 nm indicated that inoculated groups exhibited higher absorbance compared to the control group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that high ZnPP-forming bacteria can enhance the color of meat products and these have certain potential to replace nitrite in meat products.
Observer Design for Fractional-Order Polynomial Fuzzy Systems Depending on a Parameter
Authors: Gassara Hamdi , Rhaima Mohamed , Mchiri Lassaad , Ben Makhlouf Abdellatif
Published: November 2024

For fractional-order systems, observer design is remarkable for the estimation of unavailable states from measurable outputs. In addition, the nonlinear dynamics and the presence of parameters that can vary over different operating conditions or time, such as load or temperature, increase the complexity of the observer design. In view of the aforementioned factors, this paper investigates the observer design problem for a class of Fractional-Order Polynomial Fuzzy Systems (FORPSs) depending on a parameter. The Caputo–Hadamard derivative is considered in this study. First, we prove the practical Mittag-Leffler stability, using the Lyapunov methods, for the general case of Caputo–Hadamard Fractional-Order Systems (CHFOSs) depending on a parameter. Secondly, based on this stability theory, we design an observer for the considered class of FORPSs. The state estimation error is ensured to be practically generalized Mittag-Leffler stable by solving Sum Of Squares (SOSs) conditions using the developed SOSTOOLS.
Quantitative Relationship Between Strength and Porosity of Nano-Silica-Modified Mortar Based on Fractal Theory
Authors: Hu Shaowei , Liao Yi , Xu Yaoqun , Wang Juan
Published: November 2024

Nano-silica (NS) is an ideal modifier for mortar materials, and exploring the evolution of the fractal dimension of the pore structure in NS-modified mortar is crucial for elucidating the mechanism by which NS enhances mortar strength. In this study, NS reinforced mortar was prepared using an NS sol solution, which inhibited the aggregation of NS particles. The relationship between the strength and pore structure of NS-modified mortar was quantitatively analyzed based on fractal dimension theory and gray correlation degree. The experimental system evaluated the mortar strength, pore structure distribution, and micro-morphology. Based on this evaluation, the fractal dimension of the mortar pore volume was calculated in detail. Subsequently, models for mortar strength and NS content were further established using grey analysis. The results indicate that NS significantly enhances the strength of mortar while also increasing its porosity due to reduced fluidity. NS can improve the compressive strength of mortar by up to 35%. The curve fitting of volume fractal dimension and box dimension is effective and can accurately reflect the complexity of the pore structure. The calculation of the grey correlation analysis model shows that the impact of varying silica content on the mechanical properties of mortar specimens is not linear; the distribution and quantity of bubbles are the main factors affecting the strength of the specimen.
Joint Battery State of Charge Estimation Method Based on a Fractional-Order Model with an Improved Unscented Kalman Filter and Extended Kalman Filter for Full Parameter Updating
Authors: Wu Jingjin , Li Yuhao , Sun Qian , Zhu Yu , Xing Jiejie , Zhang Lina
Published: November 2024

State estimation of batteries is crucial in battery management systems (BMSs), particularly for accurately predicting the state of charge (SOC), which ensures safe and efficient battery operation. This paper proposes a joint SOC estimation method based on a fractional-order model, utilizing a multi-innovation full-tracking adaptive unscented Kalman filter (FOMIST-AUKF-EKF) combined with an extended Kalman filter (EKF) for online parameter updates. The fractional-order model more effectively represents the battery’s dynamic characteristics compared to traditional integer-order models, providing a more precise depiction of electrochemical processes and nonlinear behaviors. It offers superior modeling for long-memory effects, complex dynamics, and aging processes, enhancing adaptability to aging and nonlinear characteristics. Comparative results indicate a maximum end-voltage error reduction of 0.002 V with the fractional-order model compared to the integer-order model. The multi-innovation technology increases filter robustness against noise by incorporating multiple historical observations, while the full-tracking adaptive strategy dynamically adjusts the noise covariance matrix based on real-time data, thus enhancing estimation accuracy. Furthermore, EKF updates battery parameters (e.g., resistance and capacitance) in real time, correcting model errors and improving SOC prediction accuracy. Simulation and experimental validation show that the proposed method significantly outperforms traditional UKF-based SOC estimation techniques in accuracy, stability, and adaptability. Specifically, under varying conditions such as NEDC and DST, the method demonstrates excellent robustness and practicality, with maximum SOC estimation errors of 0.27% and 0.67%, respectively.
The Diffusion Equation Involving the Dunkl–Laplacian Operator in a Punctured Domain
Authors: Bekbolat Bayan , Nalzhupbayeva Gulzat , Tokmagambetov Niyaz
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this paper is to establish solvability results for both direct and inverse problems associated with the diffusion equation involving the Dunkl–Laplacian operator in a punctured domain. We demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of solutions for both types of problems. Additionally, explicit formulas for the solutions to the considered problems are derived.
Fixed Point and Stability Analysis of a Tripled System of Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations with n-Nonlinear Terms
Authors: Algolam Mohamed S. , Osman Osman , Ali Arshad , Mustafa Alaa , Aldwoah Khaled , Alsulami Amer
Published: November 2024

This research article investigates a tripled system of nonlinear fractional differential equations with n terms. The study explores this novel class of differential equations to establish existence and stability results. Utilizing Schaefer’s and Banach’s fixed point theorems, we derive sufficient conditions for the existence of at least one solution, as well as a unique solution. Furthermore, we apply Hyers–Ulam stability analysis to establish criteria for the stability of the system. To demonstrate the applicability of the main results, a detailed example is provided.
Soot Particle Emissions: Formation and Suppression Mechanisms in Gas Turbines
Authors: Vierling Matthieu , Aboujaib Maher , Denolle Richard , Brilhac Jean-François , Molière Michel
Published: November 2024

This article reports on field tests devoted to the emissions of particles from gas turbines (GT) and more particularly to the formation of soot and its suppression by fuel additives. These field tests involved four heavy-duty gas turbines used as power generators and equipped with air atomization systems. These machines were running on natural gas, No. 2 distillate oil, heavy crude oil and heavy fuel oil, respectively. The GT running on natural gas produced no soot or ash and its upstream air filtration system in fact allowed lower concentrations of exhaust particles than those found in ambient air. Soot emitted when burning the three liquid fuels (No. 2 distillate; heavy crude oil; and heavy oil) was effectively reduced using fuel additives based on iron(III), cerium(III) and cerium(IV). Cerium was found to be very effective as a soot suppressant and gave rise to two surprising effects: cerium(III) performed better than cerium(IV) and a “memory effect” was observed in the presence of heat recovery boilers due to the deposition of active cerium species. All of the reported results, both regarding natural gas emissions and soot reduction, are original. A review of the soot formation mechanisms and a detailed interpretation of the test results are provided.
Stretchable and Shape-Transformable Organohydrogel with Gallium Mesh Frame
Authors: Lee Mincheol , Choi Youngjin , Bae Young Min , Nam Seonghyeon , Shin Kiyoung
Published: November 2024

Shape-memory materials are widely utilized in biomedical devices and tissue engineering, particularly for their ability to undergo predefined shape changes in response to external stimuli. In this study, a shape-transformable organohydrogel was developed by incorporating a gallium mesh into a polyacrylamide/alginate/glycerol matrix. The gallium mesh, which transitions between solid and liquid states at moderate temperatures (~29.8 °C), enhanced the hydrogel’s mechanical properties and enabled shape-memory functionality. The composite organohydrogel exhibited a high elastic modulus of ~900 kPa in the solid gallium state and ~30 kPa in the liquid gallium state, enabling reversible deformation and structural stability. Glycerol improved the hydrogel’s moisture retention, maintaining stretchability and repeated heating and cooling cycles. After multiple cycles of the shape-changing process, the organohydrogel retained its mechanical integrity, achieving shape-fixation and recovery ratios of ~96% and 95%, respectively. This combination of shape-memory functionality, stretchability, and mechanical stability makes this organohydrogel highly suitable for applications in flexible electronics, soft robotics, and biomedical devices, where adaptability and shape retention are essential.
RNA Sequencing and Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Highlight DNA Replication and Key Genes in Nucleolin-Depleted Hepatoblastoma Cells
Authors: Steinkellner Hannes , Madritsch Silvia , Kluge Mara , Seipel Teresa , Sarne Victoria , Huber Anna , Schosserer Markus , Oberle Raimund , Neuhaus Winfried , Beribisky Alexander V. , Laccone Franco
Published: November 2024

Background/objectives: Nucleolin is a major component of the nucleolus and is involved in various aspects of ribosome biogenesis. However, it is also implicated in non-nucleolar functions such as cell cycle regulation and proliferation, linking it to various pathologic processes. The aim of this study was to use differential gene expression analysis and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network analysis (WGCNA) to identify nucleolin-related regulatory pathways and possible key genes as novel therapeutic targets for cancer, viral infections and other diseases. Methods: We used two different siRNAs to downregulate the expression of nucleolin in a human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cell line. We carried out RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq), performed enrichment analysis of the pathways of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and identified protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. Results: Both siRNAs showed high knockdown efficiency in HepG2 cells, resulting in the disruption of the nucleolar architecture and the downregulation of rRNA gene expression, both downstream hallmarks of a loss of nucleolin function. RNA-Seq identified 44 robust DEGs in both siRNA cell models. The enrichment analysis of the pathways of the downregulated genes confirmed the essential role of nucleolin in DNA replication and cell cycle processes. In addition, we identified seven hub genes linked to NCL: MCM6, MCM3, FEN1, MYBL2, MSH6, CDC6 and RBM14; all are known to be implicated in DNA replication, cell cycle progression and oncogenesis. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the functional consequences of nucleolin depletion in HepG2 and confirm the importance of nucleolin in DNA replication and cell cycle processes. These data will further enhance our understanding of the molecular and pathologic mechanisms of nucleolin and provide new therapeutic perspectives in disease.
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy in Morocco: Identification of Causative Variants by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)
Authors: Hammoud Miloud , Domínguez-Ruiz María , Assiri Imane , Rodrigues Daniel , Aboussair Nisrine , Lanza Val F. , Villarrubia Jesús , Colón Cristóbal , Fdil Naima , del Castillo Francisco J.
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: Most rare disease patients endure long delays in obtaining a correct diagnosis, the so-called “diagnostic odyssey”, due to a combination of the rarity of their disorder and the lack of awareness of rare diseases among both primary care professionals and specialists. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques that target genes underlying diverse phenotypic traits or groups of diseases are helping reduce these delays; (2) Methods: We used a combination of biochemical (thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), NGS (resequencing gene panels) and splicing assays to achieve a complete diagnosis of three patients with suspected metachromatic leukodystrophy, a neurologic lysosomal disorder; (3) Results: Affected individuals in each family were homozygotes for harmful variants in the ARSA gene, one of them novel (c.854+1dup, in family 1) and the other already described (c.640G>A, p.(Ala214Thr), in family 2). In addition, both affected individuals in family 2 were carriers of a known pathogenic variant in an additionallysosomal disease gene, GNPTAB (for mucolipidosis III). This additional variant may modify the clinical presentation by increasing lysosomal dysfunction. (4) Conclusions: We demonstrated the deleterious effect of the novel variant c.854+1dup on the splicing of ARSA transcripts. We also confirmed the involvement of variant c.640G>A in metachromatic leukodystrophy. Our results show the power of diagnostic approaches that combine deep phenotyping, NGS, and biochemical and functional techniques.
The Megafauna3D Educational Environment: Harnessing the Combination of New and Traditional Technologies to Improve Geoscience Education and Outreach
Authors: Varela Luciano , Batallés Martín , Tambusso P. Sebastián , Costoya Gabriela , Fariña Richard A.
Published: November 2024

The Megafauna3D project integrates advanced 3D scanning technologies and paleontological research to bring the extinct megafauna of Uruguay to formal and informal educational settings. Through the use of digitized fossil models, interactive education materials, and a web platform, the project engages the public and educational institutions in understanding the country’s paleontological heritage. This manuscript presents Megafauna3D’s multidisciplinary approach, its outreach initiatives, and the educational resources developed, such as 3D models and printed replicas, a book integrated with augmented reality, fanzines, and a teaching box. With a focus on open science, inclusivity, and accessibility, the project fosters public engagement with paleontological content and promotes fossil heritage conservation.
A Real-Time Web-Based Intervention with a Multicomponent Group-Based Program for Older Adults: Single-Arm Feasibility Study
Authors: Nakada Tsubasa , Kurotani Kayo , Kozawa Takako , Seino Satoshi , Murota Shinichi , Eto Miki , Shimasawa Junko , Shimizu Yumiko , Tsurugano Shinobu , Katsukawa Fuminori , Sakamoto Kazunori , Washizaki Hironori , Ishigaki Yo , Sakamoto Maki , Takadama Keiki , Yanai Keiji , Matsuo Osamu , Kameue Chiyoko , Suzuki Hitomi , Ohkawara Kazunori
Published: November 2024

Background/Objective: Frailty is a growing public health challenge in Japan’s rapidly aging population, where 28.8% are aged ≥ 65. While multicomponent interventions have shown potential in preventing frailty, traditional face-to-face programs face accessibility challenges. This study evaluated the feasibility and short-term changes of an online multicomponent intervention on frailty-related factors among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: In this single-arm feasibility study, 132 participants (mean age 75.7; standard deviation 4.8 years, 65.2% women) completed a six-week online intervention combining exercise, nutrition education, cognitive activities, and the Coimagination Method to foster social connections, meeting weekly for 75 min sessions in groups of up to 10 participants. Results: The intervention demonstrated feasibility with a 96.4% retention rate and a 94.0% average participation rate. While no significant changes were observed in physical activity levels, autonomic nervous system indicators, or cognitive function, carotenoid scores and hemoglobin concentration improved significantly, with more pronounced improvements among women than men. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the high feasibility of online multicomponent interventions for older adults and suggests potential benefits for nutritional status markers, particularly among women. These findings indicate a promising and accessible approach to frailty prevention, though randomized controlled trials with longer intervention periods and direct frailty assessments are required to establish effectiveness conclusively. Study Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000053089).
Perceived Training Needs of the Informal Caregivers of Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chen Qianqian , Zhang Huimin , Yuan Suwei , Liu Wenwei , Lyu Tongzhou
Published: November 2024

Background: Due to the enormous caregiving burden faced by informal caregivers, providing appropriate skills training has become an important supporting strategy in many countries/regions. Understanding caregivers’ training needs is instrumental in designing effective training intervention programs, which are expected to reduce the caregiving burden of informal caregivers and avoid the health deterioration associated with caregiving. This paper aims to explore the potential training needs of informal caregivers in Shanghai, and to identify the factors associated with these perceived training needs. Methods: A total of 196 eligible informal caregivers participated in this survey. A multivariate analysis was conducted to explore the factors associated with informal caregivers’ perceived training needs. Results: 86.7% (N = 170) of the caregivers reported at least one need for targeted training activity, and 62.7% (N = 123) of them identified two or more training needs. The top three activities requiring training included the following: self-care skills; safety supervision; and functional rehabilitation. The factors associated with various training needs included the health status of the care recipient, complementary caregiving support, caregiving stress, and the personal attributes of the informal caregiver. The technical skills training needs were more related to the care recipients’ health status (e.g., dependency level, disease progression) and formal care support resources. Conversely, the intangible skills training needs were more sensitive to caregiver attributes (e.g., gender, age, and education level). Conclusions: A personalized training strategy and early-stage intervention program are critical to providing effective support to informal caregivers. The potential implications are to raise awareness of the importance of skills training for informal caregivers, and to inform the implementation of effective training strategies for improving the quality of informal care and the well-being of informal caregivers in China.
Teaching an Adult with ASD Independent Toileting Skills
Authors: Deoki Angela , Knapp Vicki Madaus
Published: November 2024

Background: Independence with the toilet is an important life skill. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may present with several deficits that impair their ability to independently use the toilet and often individuals with ASD require more support than is provided in typical toilet training methods, including behavioral toilet training methods. This current study is a demonstration of the use of an intensive toilet training procedure with one eighteen-year-old adult male with ASD and below-average levels of adaptive functioning to successfully void in the toilet and reduce accidents. Methods: A package of behavioral toilet training procedures was implemented for 11 weeks in a school setting. This package included intensive toilet training, a urine alarm, a toileting schedule, verbal praise, edible reinforcement, and dry pants checks. School staff were trained to implement this procedure with behavioral skills training (BST). Results: Intensive toilet training was effective in eliminating the number of accidents while increasing the number of successes, thus increasing his independence with toileting. Conclusions: Increasing independence with toileting is an important life skill and can increase the likelihood that an individual would be accepted by an adult services placement.
Assessment of Rapid Antigen Diagnostic Tests at Mass Events: Identifying Optimal Floor Plan Configurations for Enhanced Efficiency
Authors: Khan Anas A. , Turki Ahmad F.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the urgent need for rapid, efficient testing methods at large-scale events to control virus spread. This study leverages queueing theory to explore how different floor plan configurations affect the efficiency of Rapid Antigen Diagnostic Test (RADT) centers at mass gatherings, aiming to enhance throughput and minimize wait times. Methods: Employing the MAP/PH/c model (Markovian Arrival Process/phase-type service distribution with c servers), this study compared the operational efficiency of RADT centers using U-shaped and straight-line floor plans. The research involved 500 healthy participants, who underwent the RADT process, including queue number issuance, registration, sample collection, sample mixing, and results dissemination. Agile management techniques were implemented to optimize operations. Results: The findings demonstrated that the U-shaped layout was more efficient than the straight-line configuration, reducing the average time from sample collection to results acquisition—1.6 minutes in the U-shaped layout versus 1.8 minutes in the straight-line layout. The efficiency of the U-shaped layout was particularly notable at the results stage, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in reducing congestion and improving resource allocation. Conclusions: The study confirms the feasibility of implementing RADT procedures at mass gatherings and identifies the U-shaped floor plan as the optimal configuration. This layout significantly enhances testing efficiency and effectiveness, suggesting its suitability for future large-scale testing scenarios. The research contributes to optimizing mass testing strategies, vital for public health emergency management during pandemics.
Accessibility of Special Care Dentistry Across Countries: A Scoping Review
Authors: Vahdati Amin , Khadivi Gita , Ghorbani Zahra , Vahdati Helan Ehsan , Ranjbar Anahita , Azimi Somayyeh
Published: November 2024

Introduction: People with special care needs often face significant barriers in accessing dental care due to physical and cognitive limitations, leading to high rates of dental issues like caries. Despite the growing recognition of these challenges, unmet dental care needs remain prevalent. This review aims to explore the global landscape of special care dentistry to identify gaps and opportunities for improving dental services for this population. Methodology: A systematic search was conducted across three online databases—PubMed, Embase, and Scopus—to identify relevant articles from their inception through May 2024. Reference lists of the selected studies were also screened for additional sources. A thematic synthesis approach was applied to derive both descriptive and analytical themes. The scoping review was guided by the Arksey and O’Malley framework to examine the scope and nature of studies and documents related to dental care for individuals with special care needs. Furthermore, a Google search was performed to include accessible theses and official government documents from various countries. Results: A total of 49 studies from 11 countries were reviewed, all centered on providing dental care for people with special needs. The analysis revealed three main themes: Human resources, care delivery model, and management. Within these, nine subthemes emerged: Mid-level oral care providers, dentists, special care dentistry as a specialty, tele-dentistry, mobile dentistry, hospital care, levels of healthcare provision, financial support, and education. These themes and subthemes highlight essential areas for enhancing services for those people. Conclusions: A holistic approach is essential to enhance dental care for people with special needs. Critical strategies, including the involvement of mid-level oral care providers, the adoption of tele-dentistry and mobile units, and the availability of hospital-based services for complex cases, are crucial. To truly transform care for those people, each country must adapt these strategies to its specific context, aligning resources and policies to create an inclusive, accessible, and effective system.
Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Special Type of (Follicular) B-Cell Lymphoma?
Authors: Carbone Antonino , Gloghini Annunziata
Published: November 2024

The clinicopathologic spectrum of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, now termed “nodular lymphocyte-predominant B-cell lymphoma” (NLPBCL), may include incipient, typical and transformed forms. On the basis of its clinicopathologic spectrum, NLPBCL is very similar to follicular lymphoma not associated with BCL2 translocation. In addition, NLPBCL, based on biopathologic features (gene profiling signature, and phenotypic and morphotypic characteristics), is a germinal center-derived B-cell neoplasm; therefore, it could be included in the follicular lymphoma group of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Serum Vitamin D in Children with Hemophilia A and Its Association with Joint Health and Quality of Life
Authors: Salem Aida M. S. , AbdEltwwab Takwa Mohamed , Moawad Hanan Hosni , Elgendy Marwa O. , Al-Fakharany Reham S. , Khames Ahmed , Meabed Mohamed Hussein
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive illness produced by a deficiency of coagulation factor VIII. This study aimed to evaluate serum vitamin D in hemophilic pediatric patients and its correlation with joint health and quality of life. Methods: This case-control study was performed on ninety children under the age of 18 years old and separated into two groups: study group of 45 children with hemophilia A and control group of 45 healthy children at an outpatient pediatric hematology clinic at the Beni-Suef University hospitals. Results: Serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in hemophilia A patients than in controls (p < 0.001). The level of serum vitamin D was deficient in 38 (84.4%), insufficient in 4 (8.8%) and sufficient in 3 (6.6%) in the study group while deficient in 8 (17.7%), insufficient in 16 (35.5%) and sufficient in 21 (46.6%) in the control group. Total hemophilia joint health score (HJHS) had a significant negative correlation with serum total calcium (R = −0.31, p = 0.038) and serum vitamin D level (R = −0.974, p < 0.001) while also positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase (R = 0.834, p < 0.001). A quality-of-life index that is specific to total hemophilia (Haemo-Qol/Haem-A-QoL) had a significant positive correlation with total hemophilia joint health score (HJHS) (R = 0.934, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with serum vitamin D level (R = −0.924, p-value lower than 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (R = 0.842, p < 0.001), and severity of hemophilia (R = 0.67, p < 0.001). Conclusions: patients with hemophilia A had lower vitamin D levels than healthy controls. The severity of vitamin D deficiency is related positively to (HJHS) hemophilia and quality of life hemophilia cases according to Haemo-QoL.
Revitalizing the Canale Maggiore in Parma: Enhancing a Rural Area Through Hydroelectric Power and Historical Preservation
Authors: Aureli Francesca , Melley Maria Evelina , Bo Chiara
Published: November 2024

The Canale Maggiore in Parma, originating in 493 AD in Northern Italy, was initially built for irrigation and powering paper mills. However, it is now in poor condition and faces multiple challenges that hinder its potential in shaping the local landscape. This research paper proposes strategies to rediscover and enhance the canal’s cultural and historical value. Key ideas include revitalizing mini-hydro power plants, adding new ones, and creating connections to the nearby city of Parma, well-known for its cycling culture. To make this vision a reality, the water resource and related issues must be thoroughly evaluated, and reliable strategies should be developed to overcome challenges. Preliminary research suggests that combining technical, economic, and cultural strategies could drive regeneration, honoring the local heritage while improving living conditions and fostering sustainability education.
Spatial, Functional, and Constructive Analysis of the Water Resource at the Archaeological Center of Tipon, Cusco, Peru, 2023
Authors: Esenarro Doris , Lescano Jorge , Chalco Brenda , Tapia Nicole , Vilchez Cairo Jesica , Vargas Beltran Carlos , Arriola Cecilia , Ruiz Reyes Rosa
Published: November 2024

The objective of this research is to analyze the spatial, functional, and constructive aspects of the water resource at the Archaeological Center of Tipon, given the lack of awareness towards the timely preservation of archaeological heritage, the deterioration of the terraces, and the contamination of the rivers adjacent to the archaeological site due to the discharge of waste into the water bodies. The methodology employed consists of a site study analysis, considering data on terrain, environment, climate, and water flow in the spatial, functional, and constructive aspects, supported by digital tools (Google Earth Pro 2024, AutoCAD 2024, SketchUP 2024, Sun Path 3D 2024, Photoshop 2024, and Twinmotion 2024). The results yielded a spatial–functional–constructive hydrological analysis; the water flow, constructed underground through a masonry system with an approximate angle of 60° in stone or pink granite, also maintained a negative slope, generally between 1% and 3%, which facilitated a rapid and direct distribution, presenting a greater flow with a width and depth of 30 cm, in addition to a vertical drop of 240 cm. The efficient use of water in agriculture through interconnected terraces ensured the population’s sustenance by approximately 80%. In conclusion, the analysis not only provides information on the infrastructure and water management but also addresses current issues.
Planting System and Cultivar Influence Olive Key-Pests Infestation in an Olive-Growing Vocated Area
Authors: Cutrone Michele , Maldera Francesco , Nicolì Francesco , Tarasco Eustachio , Hermoso Juan F. , Romero Agustí , Camposeo Salvatore
Published: November 2024

Traditional and intensive planting systems have paved the way for the phenomenon of intensification, with the super high-density (SHD) system being the most prominent. This system has demonstrated high levels of profitability due to both the reduction in production costs achieved through complete mechanization and a significant increase in olive oil production per hectare, stemming from the more efficient utilization of resources such as light, water, and nutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in a vocated olive-growing area, the phytosanitary status of a SHD olive orchard compared to a traditional one (TRD). The research focused on six key olive pests, considering the interaction between planting systems and eight cultivars in a semi-arid environment. The comparative analysis of pest infestations across the two planting systems revealed significant and complex patterns in pest population distribution and intensity. Overall, the planting system appeared to be the main factor influencing pest dynamics. The SHD olive orchard exhibited the highest infestation levels of Otiorhynchus cribricollis, Palpita unionalis, and Bactrocera oleae. Conversely, in the TRD system, the highest infestation levels of Saissetia oleae, Euphyllura olivina, and Prays oleae were observed. Moreover, the study highlighted a less pronounced effect of cultivars on the prevalence of all monitored key pests. These findings underscore the potential for developing more sustainable and effective pest management strategies tailored to specific planting systems. Furthermore, the results contribute to advancing eco-friendly control approaches and improving pest infestation management practices. Additional research will be necessary to deepen the understanding of these key pests and their interactions within different olive-growing systems.
Effects of Different Tree Shapes on Canopy Characteristics of Zaosu Pear (Pyrus ssp. Va.) in the Northwest Arid Zone
Authors: Zhao Mingxin , Ma Mingze , Wang Wei , Cao Sufang , Cao Gang , Li Hongxu
Published: November 2024

Zaosu pear (Pyrus ssp. Va., Zaosu) is the main variety of pear cultivated in Gansu Province. Tree shape selection is important in pear cultivation: reasonable tree shapes affect the growth and development of fruit trees and fruit quality, which, in turn, affect the economic benefits of orchards. In this study, Zaosu pear was used as a test material, and five different tree shapes—Y, trunk, single-arm, double-arm, and spindle shapes—were studied regarding three aspects, namely, branching and leafing parameters, light radiation parameters, and root distribution, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of pear tree shapes in arid areas. The results showed that the single-arm and double-arm shapes had the highest fruit weight per fruit values, reaching 280.06 g and 278.27 g, respectively, and the difference in soluble solids—12.42 mg·g−1 and 12.91 mg·g−1, respectively—was not significant; the mu yield of the single-arm shape was 3282 kg; and the yield of a single tree was 39.54 kg, which was the highest for the five tree shapes. The trees mainly had short fruiting branches when they entered the fruiting stage, and the double-arm shape had the highest number of short fruiting branches, which was significantly higher than those of the other tree shapes. Correlation analysis revealed that the number of long fruiting branches was significantly and positively correlated with axillary flower buds. The distribution of light intensity for all five tree shapes showed a gradual increase from bottom to top and from inside to outside, and the single-arm and double-arm shapes had a uniform distribution of light intensity, which translated into better growth and fruiting potential. The trunk shape had the largest leaf area index, resulting in too much depression within the canopy and reducing light, while the single-arm and double-arm shapes had the smallest leaf area indexes, resulting in the light being evenly distributed inside and outside the canopy, and the percentage of light intensity was greater than 50% in all cases, reaching up to 80%. The double-arm form had the highest chlorophyll a content of 24.55 mg·g−1, implying the ability to convert more light energy into chemical energy, and the content of chlorophyll a + b was highest in the single-arm form and the double-arm form, with values of 31.13 mg·g−1 and 33.65 mg·g−1. The total length of the root system and the total surface area of the root system for the single-arm shape were the largest, i.e., 558,550.64 cm and 79,252.32 cm2, respectively, indicating that it has stronger adaptability and resource acquisition ability compared to the other tree shapes. In conclusion, the single-arm form is more suitable for planting in arid areas.
SARS-CoV-2 Immunization Index in the Academic Community: A Retrospective Post-Vaccination Study
Authors: Oliveira Keltyn , Almeida Ana , Silva Carina , Brito Miguel , Ribeiro Edna
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has revolutionized vaccine production and compelled a massive global vaccination campaign. This study aimed to estimate the positivity and levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies acquired due to vaccination and infection in the academic population of a Portuguese university. Methods: Blood samples were collected and analyzed through the ELISA methodology, and statistical analysis was performed. Results: A total of 529 volunteers with at least one dose of the vaccine were enrolled in this study. Individuals without a prior COVID-19 diagnosis were divided into two groups: 350, who received a full vaccination, and 114, who received a full vaccination and a booster dose of the same vaccine (81) and mixed vaccines (33). Regarding the individuals who reported a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, 31 received a full vaccination, and 34 received only one vaccination dose. Data analysis showed a higher level of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals who were younger, female, who received the Moderna vaccine, with recent post-vaccine administration, a mixed booster dose, and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions: Assessing vaccination’s effectiveness and group immunity is crucial for pandemic management, particularly in academic environments with high individual mobility, in order to define groups at risk and redirect infection control strategies.