bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The BANANA Project. VI. Close Double Stars are Well Aligned with Noticeable Exceptions; Results from an Ensemble Study Using Apsidal Motion and Rossiter–McLaughlin Measurements
Authors: Marcussen Marcus L. , Albrecht Simon H.
Published: July 2022

Here we present an ensemble study of spin–orbit alignment in 43 close double star systems. We determine spin–orbit angles, obliquities, in 31 of these systems making use of recently improved apsidal motion rate measurements and apsidal motion constants. In the remaining 12 systems researchers have constrained spin–orbit alignment by different combinations of measurements of apsidal motion rates, projected obliquities, and stellar inclinations. Of the 43 systems 40 are consistent with alignment albeit with some measurements having large uncertainties. A Fisher distribution with mean zero and a concentration factor κ = 6.1 represents this ensemble well. Indeed employing a bootstrapping resampling technique we find our data on these 40 systems are consistent with perfect alignment. We also confirm significant misalignment in two systems that travel on eccentric orbits and where misalignments have been reported on before; namely DI Her and AS Cam. The third misaligned system CV Vel orbits on a circular orbit. So while there are some glaring exceptions, the majority of close double star systems for which data are available appear to be well aligned.
A Model for the Possible Connection Between a Tidal Disruption Event and Quasi-periodic Eruption in GSN 069
Authors: Wang Mengye , Yin Jinjing , Ma Yiqiu , Wu Qingwen
Published: July 2022

Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are found in the center of five galaxies, where a tidal disruption event (TDE)-like event has been reported in GSN 069, which occurred a couple of years before the QPEs. We explain the connection of these phenomena based on a model of a highly eccentric white dwarf (WD) 104−6
M
⊙ massive black hole (MBH) binary formed by the Hill mechanism. In this system, the tidally induced internal oscillation of a WD can heat the WD envelope thereby inducing tidal nova and inflating the WD envelope, which can be captured by the MBH and form a TDE. The tidal stripping of the surviving WD in the eccentric orbit can produce QPEs. We also apply this model to the other four QPE sources. Based on the estimated fallback rate, we find that the remaining time after the QPE-observed time for these QPEs is only around 1–2 yr based on our simple model estimation, after which the WD will be fully disrupted. We also show that the accretion rate can be much higher than the Eddington accretion rate in the final stage of these QPE sources. The peak frequency of the spectral energy distribution of the disk stays in the soft X-ray band (∼0.1–1 keV), which is consistent with observational results.
Multiwavelength Variation Phenomena of PKS 0735+178 on Diverse Timescales
Authors: Fang Yue , Chen Qihang , Zhang Yan , Wu Jianghua
Published: July 2022

The BL Lac object PKS 0735+178 has shown some complex multiwavelength variation phenomena in previous studies, especially in its color behavior. Bluer-when-brighter, redder-when-brighter, and achromatic behavior were all found to be possible long-term trends of PKS 0735+178. In this work, we collected long-term multiwavelength data on PKS 0735+178, and also performed a multicolor optical monitoring on intraday timescales. Intraday variability was detected on one night. On long timescales, a possible 22 day time lag was found between the R and γ-ray bands. The results of a cross-correlation analysis exhibited strong correlations between various optical bands on both intraday and long timescales. However, only a mild correlation was found between the long-term γ-ray and R-band light curves, which could be interpreted as different emission mechanisms for the γ-ray and optical emissions. PKS 0735+178 showed a significant harder-when-brighter (HWB) behavior in the γ-ray band, which is consistent with the observed optical bluer-when-brighter (BWB) trend on both long-term and intraday timescales. We found that the HWB and BWB trends will be enhanced during active states, especially for the historical low state. Such a phenomenon indicates a special activity-dependent color behavior of PKS 0735+178, and it could be well interpreted by the jet emission model.
Probing the Extragalactic Mid-infrared Background with HAWC
Authors: Albert A. , Alfaro R. , Alvarez C. , Arteaga-Velázquez J. C. , Rojas D. Avila , Solares H. A. Ayala , Babu R. , Belmont-Moreno E. , Caballero-Mora K. S. , Capistrán T. , Carramiñana A. , Casanova S. , Chaparro-Amaro O. , Cotti U. , Cotzomi J. , de León S. Coutiño , De la Fuente E. , Hernandez R. Diaz , DuVernois M. A. , Durocher M. , Díaz-Vélez J. C. , Engel K. , Espinoza C. , Fan K. L. , Alonso M. Fernández , Fraija N. , García-González J. A. , Garfias F. , González M. M. , Goodman J. A. , Harding J. P. , Hernandez S. , Huang D. , Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F. , Hntemeyer P. , Iriarte A. , Jardin-Blicq A. , Joshi V. , Kieda D. , Lee W. H. , Linnemann J. T. , Longinotti A. L. , Luis-Raya G. , Malone K. , Martinez O. , Martínez-Castro J. , Matthews J. A. , Miranda-Romagnoli P. , Moreno E. , Mostafá M. , Nayerhoda A. , Nellen L. , Newbold M. , Nisa M. U. , Noriega-Papaqui R. , Omodei N. , Peisker A. , Araujo Y. Pérez , Pérez-Pérez E. G. , Rho C. D. , Rosa-González D. , Salazar H. , Salazar-Gallegos D. , Greus F. Salesa , Sandoval A. , Serna-Franco J. , Smith A. J. , Son Y. , Springer R. W. , Tibolla O. , Tollefson K. , Torres I. , Torres-Escobedo R. , Turner R. , Ureña-Mena F. , Villaseñor L. , Wang X. , Weisgarber T. , Willox E. , Zhou H. , de León C. ,   HAWC Collaboration
Published: July 2022

The extragalactic background light (EBL) contains all the radiation emitted by nuclear and accretion processes in stars and compact objects since the epoch of recombination. Measuring the EBL density directly is challenging, especially in the near-to-far-infrared wave band, mainly due to the zodiacal light foreground. Instead, gamma-ray astronomy offers the possibility to indirectly set limits on the EBL by studying the effects of gamma-ray absorption in the very high energy (VHE: >100 GeV) spectra of distant blazars. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov Gamma Ray Observatory (HAWC) is one of the few instruments sensitive to gamma rays with energies above 10 TeV. This offers the opportunity to probe the EBL in the near/mid-IR region: λ = 1–100 μm. In this study, we fit physically motivated emission models to Fermi-LAT gigaelectronvolt data to extrapolate the intrinsic teraelectronvolt spectra of blazars. We then simulate a large number of absorbed spectra for different randomly generated EBL model shapes and calculate Bayesian credible bands in the EBL intensity space by comparing and testing the agreement between the absorbed spectra and HAWC extragalactic observations of two blazars. The resulting bands are in agreement with current EBL lower and upper limits, showing a downward trend toward higher wavelength values λ > 10 μm also observed in previous measurements.
Constraining the Progenitor System of the Type Ia Supernova 2021aefx
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Sand David J. , Lundqvist Peter , Andrews Jennifer E. , Bostroem K. Azalee , Dong 董 Yize 一泽 , Janzen Daryl , Jencson Jacob E. , Lundquist Michael , Meza Retamal Nicolas E. , Pearson Jeniveve , Valenti Stefano , Wyatt Samuel , Burke Jamison , Howell D. Andrew , McCully Curtis , Newsome Megan , Gonzalez Estefania Padilla , Pellegrino Craig , Terreran Giacomo , Kwok Lindsey A. , Jha Saurabh W. , Strader Jay , Kundu Esha , Ryder Stuart D. , Haislip Joshua , Kouprianov Vladimir , Reichart Daniel E.
Published: July 2022

We present high-cadence optical and ultraviolet light curves of the normal Type Ia supernova (SN) 2021aefx, which shows an early bump during the first two days of observation. This bump may be a signature of interaction between the exploding white dwarf and a nondegenerate binary companion, or it may be intrinsic to the white dwarf explosion mechanism. In the case of the former, the short duration of the bump implies a relatively compact main-sequence companion star, although this conclusion is viewing-angle dependent. Our best-fit companion-shocking and double-detonation models both overpredict the UV luminosity during the bump, and existing nickel-shell models do not match the strength and timescale of the bump. We also present nebular spectra of SN 2021aefx, which do not show the hydrogen or helium emission expected from a nondegenerate companion, as well as a radio nondetection that rules out all symbiotic progenitor systems and most accretion disk winds. Our analysis places strong but conflicting constraints on the progenitor of SN 2021aefx; no current model can explain all of our observations.
The Low-redshift Lyα Forest as a Constraint for Models of AGN Feedback
Authors: Burkhart Blakesley , Tillman Megan , Gurvich Alexander B. , Bird Simeon , Tonnesen Stephanie , Bryan Greg L. , Hernquist Lars , Somerville Rachel S.
Published: July 2022

We study the sensitivity of the z = 0.1 Lyα forest observables, such as the column density distribution function (CDD), flux PDF, flux power spectrum, and line-width distribution, to subgrid models of active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback using the Illustris and IllustrisTNG (TNG) cosmological simulations. The two simulations share an identical ultraviolet background (UVB) prescription and similar cosmological parameters, but TNG features an entirely reworked AGN feedback model. Due to changes in the AGN radio-mode model, the original Illustris simulations have a factor of 2–3 fewer Lyα absorbers than TNG at column densities N
H i
< 1015.5 cm−2. We compare the simulated forest statistics to UV data from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) and find that neither simulation can reproduce the slope of the absorber distribution. Both Illustris and TNG also produce significantly smaller line-width distributions than observed in the COS data. We show that TNG is in much better agreement with the observed z = 0.1 flux power spectrum than Illustris. We explore which statistics can disentangle the effects of AGN feedback from alternative UVB models by rescaling the UVB of Illustris to produce a CDD match to TNG. While this UVB rescaling is degenerate with the effect of AGN feedback on the CDD, the amplitude and shape of the flux PDF and 1D flux power spectrum change in a way distinct from the scaling of the UVB. Our study suggests that the z = 0.1 Lyα forest observables can be used as a diagnostic of AGN feedback models.
Phylogenomic and morphological evidence reveal a new species of spider lily, Lycoris longifolia (Amaryllidaceae) from China
Authors: Lou Yi-Lei , Ma Dai-Kun , Jin Ze-Tao , Wang Hui , Lou Lu-Huan , Jin Shui-Hu , Liu Kun , LIU Bin-Bin
Published: July 2022

Lycoris longifolia, a new species from China, was described and illustrated here. Our phylogenomic evidence based on whole plastomes strongly supported the separate phylogenetic position of this new species, and it could also be easily distinguished by several morphological characters, such as its long leaves with a distinct purplish-red midrib on the abaxial surface.
Systematic review of the firefly genus Emeia Fu, Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2012 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae) from China
Authors: Zhu Cheng-Qi , Xu Xiao-Dong , Zhen Ying
Published: July 2022

The Luciolinae genus Emeia Fu, Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2012 is reviewed. Phylogenetic relationships based on cox1 DNA barcoding sequences from 42 fireflies and 2 outgroup species are reconstructed. The dataset included three main Lampyridae subfamilies: Luciolinae, Photurinae and Lampyrinae, and Emeia was recovered within Luciolinae. A new species, Emeia pulchra Zhu & Zhen sp. nov., is described from the wetland of Lishui, Zhejiang, China. Emeia pulchra is sister species to E. pseudosauteri from Sichuan, which is supported by morphological characters and a phylogeny based on DNA barcoding sequences. The two species are separated geographically as shown on the distribution map. A key to species of Emeia using males is provided.
Forêt mixte ou forêt accélérée, deux visions de la gestion forestière face au dérèglement climatique…
Authors: Yvon Pascal , Jacobée Franck
Published: July 2022

L’évolution des pratiques de gestion sylvicole a toujours été dictée par les besoins de l’homme en matière de construction, de chauffage et de développement des industries. La période actuelle voit apparaître de nouveaux enjeux avec l’importance croissante des questions environnementales, l’évolution de la demande sociétale, les changements climatiques et leurs conséquences sanitaires. Le bois devenant un matériau de plus en plus recherché, la gestion des ressources correspondantes dans un souci de développement durable place la filière forêt-bois au centre du débat. La foresterie doit faire évoluer ses modèles de gestion et le monitoring associé vers des systèmes plus souples, bien adaptés à une intégration de la diversité et plus réactifs face à une évolution rapide des contraintes et des aléas à la fois économiques et climatiques. Nous voulons croire que l’économie forestière et l’écologie continuent d’apprendre à travailler ensemble, pour le meilleur de nos écosystèmes.
La Red Team Défense : quand la science-fiction permet aux armées françaises d’explorer le futur
Authors: Roussie Marie , Denis-Rémis Cédric , Colas Jean-Baptiste
Published: July 2022

Agir demain s’écrit au présent pour de nombreuses organisations. Une temporalité anticipée particulièrement vive au niveau du ministère des Armées qui doit répondre à l’impératif de défense de la Nation, tout en respectant un cycle long d’ingénierie et la contrainte de la planification militaire. Mais regarder vers le futur est un exercice délicat et les erreurs de projection sont légion. Conscient de ces difficultés, le ministère des Armées s’est doté depuis 2020 d’un programme de recherche original : la Red Team Défense. Au cœur de ce projet se trouve un commando d’un nouveau genre composé exclusivement d’auteurs, de scénaristes et d’illustrateurs de science-fiction. Ces différents intervenants ont la mission sérieuse d’imaginer des scénarios d’adversité pour la France et de menace pour ses intérêts à horizon 2030-2060. L’objectif est de bousculer les armées pour conduire aujourd’hui les discussions nécessaires à la gestion des urgences de demain.
Les Pays-Bas face à la montée des eaux : quelle stratégie pour le long terme et comment répondre aux différents enjeux ?
Authors: Slomp Robert , Friocourt Yann
Published: July 2022

Malgré leur longue histoire en matière de protection contre les inondations, les Pays-Bas se retrouvent, comme d’autres pays, confrontés aux défis du changement climatique et de l’accélération de la montée des eaux. À quoi faut-il se préparer ? Comment ? Jusqu’à quand pourra-t-on retarder les décisions et à partir de quand deviendront-elles inéluctables ? Comment faire pour que les solutions prises aujourd’hui ne deviennent pas la cause des problèmes d’après-demain ? La stratégie néerlandaise actuelle est basée sur la prévention des inondations grâce aux digues, aux dunes et à divers ouvrages d’art. Mais les premiers éléments de l’accélération de la fonte des glaciers en Antarctique posent la question de la pérennité de cette stratégie. C’est donc dès maintenant que la société néerlandaise doit prendre des décisions difficiles qui vont l’engager pour les cent prochaines années. Comment gérer ces enjeux sur le long terme quand l’économie et le développement urbain exigent des résultats à court terme ?
L’insertion à deux vitesses : la mise en œuvre du changement territorial au défi des bureaucraties sociales. Le cas de la politique d’insertion par l’emploi de la métropole de Lyon
Authors: Monnet Hélène
Published: July 2022

Cet article s’intéresse à la mise en œuvre d’une politique d’insertion territoriale dans le cadre institutionnel spécifique d’une métropole. En effet, la métropole de Lyon, créée au 1 er  janvier 2015, regroupe les compétences de l’ancienne communauté urbaine et du conseil départemental sur le territoire lyonnais et 58 communes alentour. Toute l’action sociale a donc été prise en charge par une collectivité nouvelle, aux compétences particulières. Les orientations de la politique d’insertion sont à ce titre plutôt révélatrices des enjeux politiques de l’intervention sociale en contexte métropolitain : il s’est agi de concevoir l’insertion comme un réservoir d’emploi, comme de l’investissement social 1 à disposition des entreprises du territoire dans le cadre d’une politique renommée « insertion par l’emploi ». Cette conception modernisée de l’insertion n’a pas été sans conséquence pour des bureaucraties sociales territoriales aux pratiques de travail relevant de l’habitude et s’inscrivant dans des réseaux d’interconnaissance locaux. Cet article questionne donc les ajustements d’administrations et de partenaires de l’insertion sociale et professionnelle face à des orientations politiques ainsi que leurs conséquences sur les parcours d’allocataires. L’argumentation s’attache à montrer la spécificité lyonnaise dans l’accentuation d’une prise en charge des parcours d’allocataires très segmentée selon l’employabilité directe des bénéficiaires du RSA. Les acteurs bureaucratiques peuvent démontrer des formes de résistance par la non- mobilisation des dispositifs d’insertion par l’emploi, renforçant de facto une hiérarchisation des parcours d’allocataires.
Politique territoriale de la vieillesse : y a-t-il encore une place pour les élus communaux face à la bureaucratisation ?
Authors: Croguennec-Le Saout Hélène , Coron Gaël
Published: July 2022

L’article s’appuie sur une enquête qualitative, conduite dans les quatre départements bretons, consacrée au rôle des élus communaux dans les politiques à destination de la vieillesse. Il met en avant une évolution de la manière dont ces acteurs conçoivent leur rôle. L’une des manifestations les plus courantes de la politique de la vieillesse à l’échelle communale tient à la présence sur le territoire d’un établissement d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD) dont les maires assument le plus souvent la présidence du conseil d’administration. Cependant, les élus communaux ont vu leurs marges de manœuvre dans la gestion de ces établissements réduites sous l’effet des instruments de régulation introduits par la loi du 2 janvier 2002, puis par la loi d’adaptation de la société au vieillissement de 2015 qui illustrent la bureaucratisation de la politique de la vieillesse. Au-delà des stratégies usuelles de contournement des instruments d’action publique, l’enquête met en évidence une tentative de reformulation des enjeux de la politique de la vieillesse par les élus. En substituant le senior ou l’aîné à la personne âgée dépendante, ils portent une approche transversale du vieillissement. Dès lors, il ne s’agit plus seulement de maintenir sur le territoire des établissements d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes soumis aux règles nationales mais de développer une politique intégrée du vieillissement à l’échelle communale. Loin de marquer une rupture avec le niveau national, ces tentatives de reformulation peuvent s’appuyer sur la notion de virage domiciliaire qui a droit de cité au niveau central.
L’économie au défi de l’incertitude, un paradoxe fécond ?
Authors: Lainé Michaël
Published: July 2022

Comme objet d’analyse, l’économie est façonnée par l’incertitude. Les profits, l’investissement et les marchés financiers procèdent de l’imprévisibilité la plus fondamentale. D’où l’extrême difficulté qu’il y a à anticiper les crises et prévenir la spéculation. Comme discipline, dans sa forme dominante, l’économie refoule l’incertitude en la domestiquant par des modèles probabilistes. En dépit des progrès, elle peut pousser les conseillers des gouvernements à confondre l’économie des modèles et l’économie réelle.
Temps d’exposition aux écrans et grapho-motricité des enfants de 5 à 6 ans
Authors: André Alexandre , Cochetel Odile
Published: July 2022

Objectif : Rechercher une relation entre temps d’exposition aux écrans et habiletés grapho-motrices des enfants de 5 à 6 ans. Méthodes : Une étude épidémiologique transversale a été menée, en 2019-2020, dans trois classes de grande section de maternelle de Clermont-Ferrand et quatre du Cantal, choisies selon des critères socio-démographiques différents. Le critère de jugement principal, composite, regroupe trois activités grapho-motrices étalonnées, réalisées lors d’un bilan individuel à l’école ; le temps hebdomadaire d’exposition aux écrans de l’enfant a été évalué lors d’un entretien parental. Résultats : 127 enfants ont participé à l’étude. Celle-ci montre que les enfants passant plus de 10 heures en semaine d’école (plus de 20 heures en semaine de vacances scolaires) sur écran ont des habiletés grapho-motrices significativement plus faibles. Indépendamment du temps d’exposition aux écrans, un enfant vivant avec un parent seul, et/ou de faible niveau d’études, et/ou de profession/catégorie socio-professionnelle intermédiaire, a des scores d’habiletés grapho-motrices plus bas. Le milieu rural de l’école semble jouer un rôle positif sur le niveau des habiletés grapho-motrices, tandis que le profil socio-démographique de l’école et l’assiduité des enfants ne semblent pas influencer ces compétences. Conclusion : Notre étude montre une association significative entre augmentation du temps d’exposition hebdomadaire aux écrans et diminution des habiletés grapho-motrices chez les enfants de 5-6 ans. D’autres travaux seront nécessaires pour explorer cette association. Des programmes d’éducation en santé dans le milieu scolaire, sanitaire et auprès des parents, seraient utiles afin d’améliorer l’usage des écrans et prévenir les troubles d’apprentissage.
Perceptions et connaissances concernant la décision de réaliser le dépistage du cancer de la prostate
Authors: Charvin Maud , Moutel Grégoire , Launoy Guy , Berchi Célia
Published: July 2022

Objectif : En raison de l’équilibre de la balance bénéfice-risque, la Haute Autorité de Santé recommande aux hommes d’effectuer un choix éclairé concernant un éventuel dépistage du cancer de la prostate. L’objectif de l’étude, présentée ici, était d’explorer l’état de connaissances et les sources d’informations des hommes et leur place dans la décision. Ce processus a été étudié à travers leur recherche d’information en santé, leurs connaissances sur le cancer de la prostate et leur place dans la décision d’effectuer un dépistage. Méthodes : 19 hommes âgés entre 50 et 75 ans ont été inclus dans cette étude en 2018. Des entretiens semi-directifs en face-à-face ont été effectués. Ces entretiens étaient enregistrés, puis retranscrits sous la forme de verbatims. Enfin, une analyse thématique a été effectuée. Résultats : Dans certains cas, les hommes avaient des connaissances erronées concernant l’anatomie, la physiologie de la prostate et les modalités du dépistage (contenu, risques). De plus, malgré les recommandations en faveur d’un partage de décision, plusieurs médecins généralistes semblaient prescrire le dépistage du cancer de la prostate sans en discuter préalablement avec leur patient. Conclusion : En France, les hommes pourraient être informés différemment sur le dépistage du cancer de la prostate et ses conséquences, afin qu’ils puissent partager la décision avec leur médecin généraliste et effectuer ainsi un choix éclairé.
Comparing probiotic and drug interventions in irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: van der Geest A.M. , Schukking I. , Brummer R.J.M. , van de Burgwal L.H.M. , Larsen O.F.A.
Published: July 2022

Clinical decisions made by health professionals to recommend either drug or probiotic interventions for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) should be supported by proper knowledge of the efficacy rates of both types of interventions. In this article, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the efficacy of both probiotic- and drug interventions in IBS. Medline was searched between January 2015 – January 2021. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) recruiting participants > 18 years old with IBS and examining the effect of probiotics or drugs were eligible for inclusion. The data of the primary outcome, i.e. the persistence of IBS symptoms (dichotomous symptom data), were pooled to obtain a relative risk (RR), with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Secondary outcomes, abdominal pain- and bloating scores (continuous data), were pooled using a standardised mean difference with a 95% CI. The search identified 269 citations of which 32 RCTs were eligible. Our meta-analysis indicated that both probiotic and drug interventions are able to improve the persistence of IBS symptoms (RR 0.60 [0.51; 0.92] versus 0.87 [0.81; 0.92], respectively) and abdominal pain scores (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.35 [-0.56; -0.14] versus -0.10 [-0.20; 0.00], respectively). However, determining the overall efficacy of both intervention types is inherently complex and such results should be interpreted with care, due to the large diversity of probiotic- and drug types and doses, which is also complicated by variety in IBS subtypes. Hence, as a first step, more large scale randomised double blind placebo-controlled trials focussing on a specific IBS subtype targeted with specific probiotic strains or specific pharmaceutical modalities should be executed, enabling a more proper comparison between trials.
Corn price fluctuations on potential nitrogen application by farmers in the Midwestern U.S.: A survey approach
Authors: Bergtold Jason S. , Miller Noah J. , Funk Samuel M.
Published: July 2022

Research has linked increased fertilizer usage in the past twenty years to large zones of hypoxia and algal blooms in Lake Erie, the northern Gulf of Mexico and other water bodies across the U.S. Given the nature and the scale of these impacts, researchers and policymakers benefit by understanding the drivers behind the increased demand for fertilizer and fertilizer management to help develop strategies to reduce nonpoint source pollution associated with excessive fertilizer applications. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of crop price, specifically for corn, on expected demand for nitrogen fertilizer at the farm level. Using survey data, we examine the impact that an increase in expected corn prices could have on potential demand for nitrogen fertilizer given farm characteristics, farm demographics, and farmer behavior, holding land area and fertilizer price fixed. Results indicate that the marginal probability of a farmer increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates when crop prices increase is positive and statistically significant. In addition, we find that this marginal probability increases at a decreasing rate with moderate increases in corn price (up to around 20%) and then decreases at an increasing rate afterwards, while remaining positive. Thus, farmers are likely to increase nitrogen fertilizer applications to corn with future corn price increases.
Market and Entrepreneurial Orientation Strategies in the Wood Furniture Industry in Mexico
Authors: Aburto-De La Llave Paulina , Atristain-Suárez Connie , Uribe-Palau Andrea
Published: July 2022

The wood furniture industry plays a predominant role in the Mexican economy. This research takes as its axis to analyze the competitiveness factors of wooden furniture manufacturing SMEs based on market orientation (MO) and business orientation (EO) strategies that influence consumers' perception and purchase preference in Mexico. Are the wooden furniture manufacturing SMEs aligned with competitive strategies? Do companies in this sector implement MO-EO-oriented strategies? The study showed that Mexican consumers generally recognize the wood furniture industry in Mexico, assign it an authenticity value, and associate it with a positive image. When customers perceive that the company is committed to creating superior value for the customer through the MO and EO, they show loyalty and purchase preference behaviours.
Integration of Blockchain and IoT (BIoT)
Authors: Malik Sushma , Rana Anamika
Published: July 2022

The internet of technology (IoT) refers to the connectivity of smart devices with the internet to accumulate data and transfer it to smart devices. But with the lack of built-in security measures, IoT is vulnerable to privacy and security threats. Blockchain technology assists in the security needs of IoT devices. The main characteristics of blockchain technology like immutability, transparency, auditability, and encryption of data sort out the inadequacy of IoT devices. This chapter represents an inclusive survey on blockchain and IoT technologies with the integration of these technologies to overcome the shortfall. This chapter includes an overview of both technologies with their advantages and disadvantages. It also highlights the domains of their applications and represents the advantages of integration of blockchain and IoT technology to develop BIoT (blockchain-based IoT). Also, it analyzes the main challenges faced during the smooth integration of blockchain and IoT technologies.
Digital Twins and Federated Learning for Smart Cities and Their Applications
Authors: Shanker Surabhi
Published: July 2022

This chapter is written with the intent to explore the history, architecture, applications, and challenges in the implementation of digital twin with IoT competences. Digital twins are considered to be a fundamental starting point for today's smart city construction. The chapter initiates with a brief description of the concepts of digital twins and digital twin for cities and smart homes, discusses the relationship between digital twins and smart cities, analyses the characteristics of smart cities and homes based on digital twins, and focuses on the main applications of smart cities based on digital twins. This chapter sheds light on the future development of smart cities and smart homes based on digital twins.
The Universality of the Human Rights Principles
Authors: Chitadze Nika
Published: July 2022

Human rights are rules that protect the dignity and freedom of each individual. In their totality, fundamental rights form the basis of the legal status of an individual. The specific expression and scope of these rights, both in the positive law of different states and countries and in various international legal treaties, may differ. In public international law, the most famous document that enshrines them is the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In OSCE member states, issues of human rights, fundamental freedoms, democracy, and the rule of law are international in nature and do not belong exclusively to the internal affairs of the state concerned.
The Free Market Economy as the Main Guarantee of the State's Socio-Economic Development and Promoting International Cooperation
Authors: Kervalishvili Irakli
Published: July 2022

The free market economy is a market system in which the prices of goods and services are the result of an agreement reached freely between sellers and consumers, without the intervention of outside forces. The laws and forces of supply and demand in such a market are free from the influence of government, price-fixing monopolies, or any other power. A free market is a controlled market or a regulated market in which the government intervenes in the regulation of supply and demand through non-market methods, such as laws that prohibit market entry or that directly regulate prices. A free-market economy (market economy) is a market-based economy where the prices of goods and services are freely formed by the forces of supply and demand, and they are able to reach equilibrium without government policy interference.
Central Office Leadership
Authors: Johnson Natasha N.
Published: July 2022

As a consequence of their multiple identities, underrepresented leaders often navigate both racialized and gendered pathways to leadership in the U.S. education industry. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about the impact of their intersecting identities and the structural barriers in this sector. To deepen our collective understanding of this phenomenon, the author reviews existing theories and research related to the intersection of race and gender within the educational leadership sphere. More specifically, the author highlights the individual and compounding effects of gender and race on the professional realities of current and aspiring leaders in education at the Central Office (i.e., the Ivory Tower). This chapter concludes by proffering future research propositions, theory development, and policy in this arena.
Sense of Belonging in Higher Education
Authors: Connelly Amanda , Pagano Susan , Rogers Bea , Mulvaney Tracy
Published: July 2022

This chapter discusses the importance of a ‘sense of belonging' to student success among students participating in three different programs: first-year composition at a private 4-year university, supplemental instruction at a private 4-year university, and non-credit coursework at a community college. These program examples connect the program purpose and operation to a sense of belonging. Suggestions are also included to improve a sense of belonging within the programs. Finally, special factors within each program are addressed through the lens of a sense of belonging.
Achievement Barriers to Student Success
Authors: Parris-Coates Alyssia
Published: July 2022

Research provides evidence that there are various barriers such as socioeconomic status, family, backgrounds, parent involvement, student-teacher relationships, and school experiences that hinder students from successfully navigating high school from 9th grade through 12th grade. Failing students lack the social ties, knowledge, and understanding of the norms that are evident in the prominent culture. Upward Bound specifically serves students who are low-income and backgrounds without a family history of a college education. They face the same barriers that other similar students face, yet they consistently overcome them to graduate from high school. What is not known is how these students overcome the barriers to high-school graduation.
Diversity Matters
Authors: Lopez Giovani Lopez , Franco Sandra P. Martinez
Published: July 2022

This chapter discusses instructor motivation for the inclusion or exclusion of linguistic diversity in the Spanish as a foreign language classroom at the college level. Through a study that included classroom observation as well as groups interviews, this paper shows that a series of traditional language attitudes and ideologies that favor the propagation of a standard language or of a variety that is considered prestigious relegate and ignore in instruction other Spanish varieties, which many times represent the language spoken by nearby Hispanic communities. This study encourages modern language program directors and instructors to use their agentive position to deviate from traditional language attitudes that undermine the value of nonstandard and underrepresented language varieties and to resist implicit or explicit language policies that influence the exclusion of linguistic diversity in foreign language instruction.
Classroom Management 3.0
Authors: Walters Annette G.
Published: July 2022

The impact of a poorly managed classroom on the health, well-being, and instruction of students, along with commensurate effects on the educational delivery and teacher efficacy has expanded nationally across school systems. There are often dire consequences of a poorly managed classroom, which includes teacher burnout, missed educational opportunities, increase absences of both students and teachers, poor test scores, educator fatigue, increase discipline and referrals, and reports of job dissatisfaction. While information about classroom management has proliferated, the art of implementing effective classroom management strategies across multitiered grades, content areas, and activities has not occurred in a seamless consistent manner. In this chapter, the literature on effective classroom management processes with multi-system approaches for delivery are suggested for providing cogent actions and strategies to educators in their daily practice. Critical issues and trends, perceptible strategies, and methods for implementation are covered.
Design and Development of a LF Receiver for Detection of Atmospheric Lightning
Authors: Medhi Mrinmay , Goswami Hirakjyoti
Published: July 2022

A low-frequency receiver is designed and operated to capture the LF spectrum associated with the atmospheric lighting with an ultimate aim to detect such events. Lightning releases frequencies over a wide band of the electromagnetic spectrum, but the reception of those frequencies are always limited by the prevailing EM noise at the receiving station. Therefore, the EM noise characteristics in the study environment are analyzed through a rigorous noise survey over the band 10kHz-2MHz. Based on the survey, 30-300kHz is selected as the operating frequency of the receiver, and the design and simulations are done accordingly. The receiver was calibrated using a known local AM radio signal of 730 kHz, which was later demodulated to validate the quality and accuracy of reception. The detector is then tested for three real lightning cases. It is seen from the observations that the frequencies 46.6 kHz and 90.13 kHz appeared during the lightning strikes with a maximum gain of 8.7 dB above the noise level.
Real-Time Face Authentication Using Denoised Autoencoder (DAE) for Mobile Devices
Authors: Dar Showkat Ahmad , S. Palanivel
Published: July 2022

FBA (facial-based authentication), a non-contact biometric technology, has been evolving since its inception.. FBA can be used to unlock devices by showing their faces in front of devices. DLTs (deep learning techniques) have been receiving increased interest in FBA applications. Many proposals have used DLTs in this area. This chapter proposes DAEs (denoise auto encoders) for real-time classification of human faces. The proposed scheme balances accuracy with constraints of resource and time. The proposed DAE technique uses MDCs (mobile device cameras) for FBAs as they can address spoof or Windows-based attacks. The proposed DAE technique eliminates possible attacks on windows by immediately recognizing impostors. Moreover, feature extraction in DAE is dynamic and thus authenticates humans based on their facial images. Facial videos collected from MDCs results in realistic assessments. Spoof attacks using MDCs for bypassing security mechanisms are identified by DLTs in authentication.
Smart Textile Materials for Fashion
Authors: Küçükali Öztürk Merve
Published: July 2022

High-tech textiles play ever-increasing roles as technology becomes increasingly integrated into our everyday lives. Smart textiles are materials that sense and react to environmental conditions or stimuli. Examples include chromatic materials that change color in response to environmental changes, phase change materials for thermoregulation, and shape-memory polymers that change shape in response to temperature changes. The main technical components used to create fashionable wearables are interfaces, microprocessors, inputs (sensors), outputs (actuators), software, energy (batteries and solar panels), and materials (electronic textiles and enhanced materials). Moreover, the role of 3D printing in fashion has grown substantially, with remarkable increases in awareness and interest in the technology from designers. This is because 3D printing allows fashion designers to remove traditional design limits and produce fascinating designs. Detailed information on “smart fashion,” as well as its functions and performance characteristics, is given in this chapter.
Multistage Transfer Learning for Stage Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Venkatesan Varshini , K. Haripriya , M. Mounika , Gladston Angelin
Published: July 2022

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most threatening complications of diabetes that leads to permanent blindness if left untreated. Severity of the diabetic retinopathy disease is based on presence of microaneurysms, exudates, neovascularisation and haemorrhages. Convolutional neural networks have been successfully applied in many adjacent subjects, and for diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy itself. In this paper, an automatic deep-learning-based method for stage detection of diabetic retinopathy by single photography of the human fundus is proposed. Additionally, the multistage approach to transfer learning, which makes use of similar datasets with different labelling, is experimented. The proposed architecture gives high accuracy in classification through spatial analysis. Amongst other supervised algorithms involved, proposed solution is to find a better and optimized way to classifying the fundus image with little pre-processing techniques. The proposed architecture deployed with dropout layer techniques yields 78 percent accuracy.
Security Measures in IoT Devices, Including Wireless Medical Devices
Authors: Foley Patricia G. , Hargiss Kathleen , Howard Caroline , Pesanvento Anne
Published: July 2022

The exponential growth in global adoption of the internet of things (IoT) has resulted in increasing challenges to secure devices against the rapid escalation of malicious users and external attacks. Security of IoT devices is particularly critical in the medical sector, where data breaches have become common in recent years at healthcare facilities, medical laboratories, and medical insurance companies. The phenomenological study focused on the experiences of users of IoT devices and the adoption of effective security measures in IoT devices, especially wireless medical devices. The results from this research study indicated that there was a need for policymakers to be more aware of the security issues that plague some IoT devices, including the need for training to detect potential breaches and cybersecurity aberrations, improved features for protection of devices, and better password security. The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers and device manufacturers.
Shared Cybersecurity Risk Management in the Industry of Medical Devices
Authors: Lam Maria Lai-Ling , Wong Kei-Wing
Published: July 2022

The cybersecurity capabilities of Class 1 medical devices must be seriously addressed when the industry moves toward Industry 4.0. Many U.S. manufacturers are not committed to cybersecurity risk management because they pursue lower cost and shorter product life cycles, do not have sufficient knowledge of operating environments of hospitals, have defensive attitudes toward vulnerability disclosure, and reap quick benefits from the low-trust level among stakeholders and the unequal power between manufacturers and distributors. Only a few large U.S. manufacturers of medical devices have set up robust secure platforms and interoperable optimal standards that can elevate the security practices of entire global supply chain of Class 1 devices. Many small and medium-sized enterprises inside and outside the U.S. need to be equipped to co-foster cybersecurity values with large manufacturers through the coordination between government and industry regulations and the support of international organizations and local government policies.
Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on Notch signaling pathway after severe carbon monoxide poisoning in mice
Authors: Hu Hui-Jun , Fan Dan-Feng , Ye Zhou-Heng , Sun Qiang
Published: July 2022

Demyelination of the cerebral white matter is the most common pathological change after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Notch signaling, the mechanism underlying the differentiation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, is critical to remyelination of the white matter after brain lesion. The purpose of this work was to determine the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on Notch signaling pathway after CO poisoning for the explanation of the protective effects of HBO on CO-poisoning-related cerebral white matter demyelination. The male C57 BL/6 mice with severe CO poisoning were treated by HBO. And HBO therapy shortened the escape latency and improved the body mass after CO poisoning. HBO therapy also significantly suppressed protein and mRNA levels of Notch1 and Hes5 after CO poisoning. Our findings suggested that HBO could suppress the activation of Notch signaling pathway after CO poisoning, which is the mechanism underlying the neuroprotection of HBO on demyelination after severe CO poisoning.
The overlooked benefits of hydrogen-producing bacteria
Authors: Ichikawa Yusuke , Yamamoto Haru , Hirano Shin-ichi , Sato Bunpei , Takefuji Yoshiyasu , Satoh Fumitake
Published: July 2022

Intestinal bacteria can be classified into “beneficial bacteria” and “harmful bacteria.” However, it is difficult to explain the mechanisms that make “beneficial bacteria” truly beneficial to human health. This issue can be addressed by focusing on hydrogen-producing bacteria in the intestines. Although it is widely known that molecular hydrogen can react with hydroxyl radicals, generated in the mitochondria, to protect cells from oxidative stress, the beneficial effects of hydrogen are not fully pervasive because it is not generally thought to be metabolized in vivo. In recent years, it has become clear that there is a close relationship between the amount of hydrogen produced by intestinal bacteria and various diseases, and this report discusses this relationship.
Hydrogen applications
Authors: Yuan Tao , Zhao Jian-Ning , Bao Ni-Rong
Published: July 2022

Hydrogen (H2) has been widely used in the chemical industry as a reducing agent. As the researches move along, increasing attention has been paid to its biological functions. The selective antioxidant effect of hydrogen is considered to be the main reason for medical applications. So far, many studies have confirmed its potential protective effects on ischemia/reperfusion injury of multiple organs, neurodegenerative diseases, bone and joint diseases, and respiratory diseases, opening a new era in the medical research and application of H2. Increasing studies have focused on its biological effects and molecular mechanisms in the treatment of different diseases. In this paper, we review the biological effects, molecular mechanisms and methods of H2 supply. We do hope that the advances in materials science can be better translated into medical applications and solve clinical problems. The medical application of H2 is promising, and how to prepare an H2 sustained-release system to achieve a sustained and stable H2 supply in the body and ultimately improve the therapeutic effect of H2 is a problem worthy of further investigation.
Conventional drug acts as a “rifle gun” while hydrogen as a “machine gun”
Authors: Hirano Shin-ichi , Ichikawa Yusuke , Sato Bunpei , Takefuji Yoshiyasu , Satoh Fumitake
Published: July 2022

Most of the drugs used in modern medical treatments are symptomatic treatments and are far from being a cure for the diseases. The adverse effects are unavoidable in the drugs in modern medical treatments. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has a remarkable therapeutic effect on various diseases, and many clinical studies have reported that H2 has no adverse effects. Therefore, H2 is a novel medical gas that is outside the concept of modern medical treatment. H2, unlike drugs, works on the root of many diseases by scavenging the two kinds of strong reactive oxygen species, hydroxyl radical (·OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). Since the H2 alleviates the root of diseases and can treat many diseases at the same time, the medical application of H2 may be called “machine gun therapy.” In this review, we demonstrated that the root of many diseases is based on ·OH-induced oxidative stress in the mitochondria, and at the same time, the root of chronic inflammation is also attributed to ·OH.