bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An innovative approach to the development of tubing erector using recurrent metamodeling
Authors: Zabolotny K , Panchenko O
Published: July 2024

Purpose. The main objective of this study is to develop and validate an innovative method for the design of tunnel bolters based on recurrent metamodelling. The application of this approach should help to improve the structural and functional characteristics of tunnel bolters, which play a key role in production processes at modern mining and construction enterprises. The methods. To achieve this goal, we developed the concept of recurrent metamodelling, which combines the results of system analysis of structures and the use of CASE technologies to generate and optimise design processes for structures. This methodology allows creating metamodels of all possible configurations of tunnel bolsters, taking into account their mechanical and hydraulic properties. MATLAB Simulink software was used in the modelling. Findings. The study confirmed the effectiveness of the U-shaped law of movement of the tunnel boring machine manipulator in terms of minimising their operating time. The developed mathematical model of the hydraulic drive, which takes into account various scenarios of the point mass movement, allows to accurately establish the laws of controlling the movement of the hydraulic distributor spool, ensuring minimal error of the results. The originality. The developed methods and tools have significant applied value for the design and modernisation of tunnel pavers to ensure a significant increase in their performance and reliability in various operating conditions. Practical implementation. The creation of recurrent metamodelling is an innovative technique in the field of tunnel boring machine design. Thanks to its application, it is for the first time possible to systematically analyse and optimise the design of this equipment using software tools. This opens up new prospects for improving the efficiency and reliability of tunnel bolters.
Shifts in species composition in kelp forest communities: implications of differences in total phenolic composition among species
Authors: McCarthy GJ , Jowett TWD , Wing SR
Published: July 2024

The purpose of our study was to measure total phenolic concentrations (TPC) of 14 species in the Phaeophyceae comprising kelp beds in the Otago Harbour Region (New Zealand). Our survey included 9 fucoids (order Fucales), 4 ‘true kelps’ (order Laminariales), and 1 species in the order Desmarestiales over 4 seasons from multiple sheltered and wave-exposed sites. TPC observed among species varied by 2 orders of magnitude from the most concentrated in Carpophyllum flexuosum (estimated marginal mean [emmean] 212.6 ± 24.77 µmol per gram dry tissue weight [g DTW-1]) to the least concentrated in Lessonia variegata (emmean 10.88 ± 2.84 µmol g DTW-1). Within the sheltered kelp bed communities of the Otago Harbour, TPC was higher in the warmer months and lower in the cooler months within species. In the wave-exposed communities, TPC was on average higher in the spring compared to the summer within the observed community. Lastly, within one species across both inner and outer Harbour communities, a Vargha and Delaney’s A measure suggests a specimen collected from the sheltered inner harbour sites would have a higher probability of being more concentrated in TPC than a specimen from the wave-exposed sites in the spring and summer (A-estimates 0.90 and 0.76, respectively) and a high probability of being more concentrated in the winter (A-estimate 0.70). Overall, variation in TPC among species within macroalgal communities suggests shifts toward more opportunistic species may impact community-wide TPC. Changes in species composition have important implications for the palatability of organic matter produced from macroalgal communities and the pathways for macroalgal-derived organic matter into coastal food webs.
Aerobic dive limit in short-finned pilot whales Globicephala macrorhynchus: an assessment of behavioral criteria
Authors: Blawas AM , Miller LE , Shearer JM , Cioffi WR , Webster DL , Swaim ZT , Foley HJ , Waples DM , Quick NJ , Nowacek DP , Read AJ
Published: July 2024

Aerobic dive limits (ADLs) are a useful paradigm for assessing marine mammal diving ability. Given the allometry of total body oxygen stores and metabolic rate, larger animals should have increased diving capacities and thus elevated ADLs. The short-finned pilot whale Globicephala macrorhynchus is a deep-diving species with pronounced sexual size dimorphism, and individuals are regularly found in size-mixed groups. Therefore, we asked how body size constrains dive durations in this species and whether behavioral ADL (bADL), estimated as the 95th percentile of dive duration, is a useful measure of physiological ADL. We analyzed 30169 dives from 45 animals tagged with satellite-linked recorders off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and Jacksonville, Florida, USA, and determined a species-level bADL of 18.8 min and individual bADLs ranging from 13.9 to 22.1 min. To assess the influence of size on bADL, we estimated the body lengths of 19 whales from dorsal fin measurements. Body length did not fully explain intraspecific bADL variation, but similar dive distributions and lower bADL variance between animals tagged together indicated a potential effect of group membership. Moreover, individuals in Cape Hatteras had a significantly lower median bADL than those in Jacksonville, suggesting location may influence dive durations. These results indicate the potential impact of social and location-specific factors on bADL estimates in a deep-diving, sexually dimorphic species.
Evidence of Trangency and Humanization in Mice Obtained at the SCBMT of FMBA of Russia by Sanger Sequencing Method
Authors: Karkischenko N. N. , Petrova N. V. , Slobodenyuk V. V. , Koloskova E. M. , Laryushina N. A. , Vasil’eva I. A. , Petrov D. V. , Bolotskih L. А. , Savina M. A.
Published: July 2024

Several humanized transgenic lines of biomodel mice containing an integrated variable human gene of the main histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been created at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific and Scientific Research Institute of the FMBA of Russia. These include HLA-A*02:01, HLA-B*07:02 and HLA-C*07:02. The lines were created by microinjection of a linear fragment of a genetically engineered structure (GES) into the male pronucleus of zygotes, followed by the transfer of potentially modified embryos into the reproductive tract to pseudo-pregnant female recipients. The created GES encodes a chimeric molecule of the MHC of class I on the cell surface, consisting of the α1-, α2-domains of human HLA, and the α3-domain of the mouse H-2K complex, stabilized by human β2-microglobulin connected by a glycine serine linker with the α1-domain of HLA [1–5]. The created biomodels can be successfully used to solve a wide range of research tasks, including studies of immune reactions, infectious, autoimmune and oncological diseases, as well as the development and testing of vaccines in the field of pharmacosafety and immunogenicity. This article presents theoretical information on the genetic polymorphism of the studied gene in the human genome, as well as experimental data on the transgenic lines of biomodels created by the authors and the results of comparing the allele-specific site in the obtained animal lines. The analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing on a cDNA matrix.
Swapping gossip, swapping profit: the book barter economy in the early modern Low Countries
Authors: Watson Elise
Published: July 2024

The early modern book economy thrived on a system of bartering, swapping printed sheets for printed sheets or other valuable bookish material. Widely discussed as Tauschhandel in the context of the Frankfurt Book Fair, this practice continued to flourish in the Low Countries during the seventeenth century as the fair’s popularity declined. This article examines the bartering practices between the Officina Plantiniana in the city of Antwerp, the best-documented print business of the handpress era, and merchants and booksellers in its northern neighbour Amsterdam. While the output of the Plantin presses is well studied, its input, including maps, lottery tickets, reams of high-quality French and Dutch paper, and even luxury objects such as sugar and globes, has gone unrecognised. Ultimately, I argue that Dutch sellers were motivated to barter with the Officina by their superior access to books, paper, and other luxury goods, and their robust professional and personal networks.
Physicochemical Investigation and Analysis of Nypa Sap (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) using a Novel Collecting Device
Authors: ZAINAL ABIDIN ANA SAKURA , MOHD TEDDY HANIF , ASARUDDIN MOHD RAZIP , KIFLI MOHD ZULHATTA , MUSLIMEN RASLI , SAWAWI MARINI , DZULFAKHRI ABANG AHMAD , YUSSOF KASYFUL AZHIM , MUHAMAD FIRDAUS FREDY , TAMRIN KHAIRUL FIKRI
Published: July 2024

A sweetener from Nypa fruticans Wurmb offers significant health benefits. The traditional process of sap tapping requires careful attention to enhance cleanliness. In this research, a nypa sap harvesting device has been developed, and a time study for its installation has been conducted. The physicochemical properties of the sap gathered from the device were evaluated and compared with the traditional method in terms of total soluble solids(TSS) reading, pH level, total dissolved solid (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) value, and glucose content. Both methods showed no significant difference, with an average TSS reading of 14 to 15 brix, pH of 3.57-3.97, glucose content of 25.9 to 32.4, TDS of 2340-2726 ppm, and EC reading of 4679-5472 s/cm. Slight differences in physicochemical properties were observed due to the random selection of trees for the experiment. The use of the device was found to improve the physical cleanliness of the sap by 97% and chemical purity by 7% to 11%. The colour of the sap collected with the device was milky white compared to the traditional bamboo method, resulting in a yellowish-white sap. The time study showed a 40% improvement compared to the first trial, indicating the practicality of the device, which can be easily installed by the operator. The physicochemical properties of the sap collected using the device can be further improved with the addition of preservatives. The findings are expected to enhance sap harvesting hygiene and the quality of sap, directly affecting the quality and benefits of the derived products.
TOMÁS DE AQUINO E A INFIDELIDADE NA APOLOGIA DE LAS CASAS (c. 6-27)
Authors: Randazzo Gomes André Ricardo
Published: July 2024

Neste artigo, procurarei estudar como Bartolomeu de Las Casas (1484-1566) usa algumas doutrinas de Tomás de Aquino em uma parte de sua obra Apologia. Esta obra foi escrita por Las Casas para refutar quatro argumentos que um contemporâneo seu, chamado Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, propôs para defender que as guerras dos espanhóis contra os índios eram justas. Pretendo examinar como Las Casas usa a doutrina de Tomás de Aquino sobre a infidelidade em geral ao tratar do segundo argumento de Sepúlveda, que afirma que tais guerras são justas, porque os índios cometem os crimes de idolatria e contra a lei natural. Farei uma exposição dos textos pertinentes da Suma de Teologia de Tomás de Aquino e da Apologia de Las Casas. Concluirei dizendo que Las Casas conhece bem não só a Suma de Teologia, mas muitas outras fontes, e a sua interpretação de Tomás é viável, embora não seja a única possível.
TELEOLOGIA E TÉCNICA
Authors: Araujo Kellen Raquel Ramiro
Published: July 2024

Neste artigo, iniciaremos nossa análise das concepções de teleologia interna e externa, tal como desenvolvidas por Hegel em sua obra Ciência da Lógica. Exploraremos essas ideias ao estabelecer conexões e divergências entre o pensamento hegeliano e as contribuições de Kant e Aristóteles. Em seguida, examinaremos como Hegel, em diferentes obras, aborda a relação entre teleologia e técnica, considerando a introdução de fins externos e distintos dos propósitos naturais, através do trabalho. Demonstraremos como, na visão de Hegel, o trabalho desempenha um papel essencial tanto na criação de obras e na satisfação de necessidades como na auto-produção do ser humano, juntamente com os elementos que constituem uma segunda natureza humana através da produção de necessidades que não são meramente evanescentes.
Marked differences between continuous long-term and clinical snapshot examinations: is the current standard of back pain diagnostics outdated?
Authors: Schmidt Hendrik , Shirazi-Adl Aboulfazl , Bashkuev Maxim , Becker Luis Alexander , Pumberger Matthias , Duda Georg N. , Reitmaier Sandra
Published: July 2024

Current clinical examination of low back pain (LBP) patients primarily relies on static clinical examinations, which rarely represent the dynamic postures patients adopt during daily activities. To gain an overview on the dynamic kinematics-kinetics changes over a day, the lumbar back kinematics of asymptomatic individuals and LBP patients were measured over 24 h, and the passively resisted bending and torsional moments were estimated. 208 asymptomatic subjects (115 females) and 116 LBP patients (71 females) were analysed. Compared to static upright standing, the mean lumbar lordosis of asymptomatic subjects drops significantly by 21° during everyday life (p < 0.01). Maximum bending moments of 44.0–50.6 Nm were estimated at the L2-L3. LBP patients showed significantly lower (p < 0.01) lumbar flattening during daily life of about 16°. Maximum bending moments of 27–52 Nm were found at the L3–L4. The initial static upright lumbar lordosis was significantly lower in LBP population (by 6°) resulting in almost similar average lumbar shapes during daily activities in both groups. The torsional movements were with 2.2° greatest in L1-L2 independent of sex (p = 0.19) and LBP (p = 0.54) with moments of 6–16 Nm. The lumbar profile and associated internal moments during daily life differ substantially from those recorded during clinical examinations. LBP patients demonstrates significantly lower lordosis at the snapshot assessment and significantly lower movement variations and internal moments during daily life. Only the dynamic long-term assessments unravelled a less flexed posture in LBP population. Apparently, such a reduced dynamic flexed posture indicates a compensatory habit for pain relief.
Zinc finger proteins: guardians of genome stability
Authors: Kamaliyan Zeeba , Clarke Thomas L.
Published: July 2024

Zinc finger proteins (ZNF), a unique yet diverse group of proteins, play pivotal roles in fundamental cellular mechanisms including transcription regulation, chromatin remodeling, protein/RNA homeostasis, and DNA repair. Consequently, the mis regulation of ZNF proteins can result in a variety of human diseases, ranging from neurodevelopmental disorders to several cancers. Considering the promising results of DNA damage repair (DDR) inhibition in the clinic, as a therapeutic strategy for patients with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency, identifying other potential targetable DDR proteins as emerged vulnerabilities in resistant tumor cells is essential, especially when considering the burden of acquired drug resistance. Importantly, there are a growing number of studies identifying new ZNFs and revealing their significance in several DDR pathways, highlighting their great potential as new targets for DDR-inhibition therapy. Although, there are still many uncharacterized ZNF-containing proteins with unknown biological function. In this review, we highlight the major classes and observed biological functions of ZNF proteins in mammalian cells. We briefly introduce well-known and newly discovered ZNFs and describe their molecular roles and contributions to human health and disease, especially cancer. Finally, we discuss the significance of ZNFs in DNA repair mechanisms, their potential in cancer therapy and advances in exploiting ZNF proteins as future therapeutic targets for human disease.
A unique combination of natural fatty acids from Hermetia illucens fly larvae fat effectively combats virulence factors and biofilms of MDR hypervirulent mucoviscus Klebsiella pneumoniae strains by increasing Lewis acid–base/van der Waals interactions in bacterial wall membranes
Authors: Mohamed Heakal , Marusich Elena , Divashuk Mikhail , Leonov Sergey
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CR-Kp) are rapidly emerging as opportunistic pathogens that have a global impact leading to a significant increase in mortality rates among clinical patients. Anti-virulence strategies that target bacterial behavior, such as adhesion and biofilm formation, have been proposed as alternatives to biocidal antibiotic treatments to reduce the rapid emergence of bacterial resistance. The main objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of fatty acid-enriched extract (AWME3) derived from the fat of Black Soldier Fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) in fighting against biofilms of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and highly virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) pathogens. Additionally, the study also aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying this effect.

Methods

Crystal violet (CV) and ethidium bromide (EtBr) assays show how AWME3 affects the formation of mixed and mature biofilms by the KP ATCC BAA-2473, KPi1627, and KPM9 strains. AWME3 has shown exceptional efficacy in combating the hypermucoviscosity (HMV) virulent factors of KPi1627 and KPM9 strains when tested using the string assay. The rudimentary motility of MDR KPM9 and KP ATCC BAA-2473 strains was detected through swimming, swarming, and twitching assays. The cell wall membrane disturbances induced by AWME3 were detected by light and scanning electron microscopy and further validated by an increase in the bacterial cell wall permeability and Lewis acid-base/van der Waals characteristics of K. pneumoniae strains tested by MATS (microbial adhesion to solvents) method.

Results

After being exposed to 0.5 MIC (0.125 mg/ml) of AWME3, a significant reduction in the rudimentary motility of MDR KPM9 and KP ATCC BAA-2473 strains, whereas the treated bacterial strains exhibited motility between 4.23 ± 0.25 and 4.47 ± 0.25 mm, while the non-treated control groups showed significantly higher motility ranging from 8.5 ± 0.5 to 10.5 ± 0.5 mm.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study demonstrates the exceptional capability of the natural AWME3 extract enriched with a unique combination of fatty acids to effectively eliminate the biofilms formed by the highly drug-resistant and highly virulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) pathogens. Our results highlight the opportunity to control and minimize the rapid emergence of bacterial resistance through the treatment using AWME3 of biofilm-associated infections caused by hvKp and CRKp pathogens.
Screening for carotid atherosclerosis: development and validation of a high-precision risk scoring tool
Authors: Huang Zhi-Xin , Chen Lijuan , Chen Ping , Dai Yingyi , Lu Haike , Liang Yicheng , Ding Qingguo , Liang Piaonan
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS), especially among seniors, and develop a precise risk assessment tool to facilitate screening and early intervention for high-risk individuals.

Methods

A comprehensive approach was employed, integrating traditional epidemiological methods with advanced machine learning techniques, including support vector machines, XGBoost, decision trees, random forests, and logistic regression.

Results

Among 1,515 participants, CAS prevalence reached 57.4%, concentrated within older individuals. Positive correlations were identified with age, systolic blood pressure, a history of hypertension, male gender, and total cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) emerged as a protective factor against CAS, with total cholesterol and HDL levels proving significant predictors.

Conclusions

This research illuminates the risk factors linked to CAS and introduces a validated risk scoring tool, highlighted by the logistic classifier's consistent performance during training and testing. This tool shows potential for pinpointing high-risk individuals in community health programs, streamlining screening and intervention by clinical physicians. By stressing the significance of managing cholesterol levels, especially HDL, our findings provide actionable insights for CAS prevention. Nonetheless, rigorous validation is paramount to guarantee its practicality and efficacy in real-world scenarios.
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: the therapeutic assessment
Authors: Simeone Beatrice , Maggio Enrico , Schirone Leonardo , Rocco Erica , Sarto Gianmarco , Spadafora Luigi , Bernardi Marco , D’Ambrosio Luca , Forte Maurizio , Vecchio Daniele , Valenti Valentina , Sciarretta Sebastiano , Vizza Carmine Dario
Published: July 2024

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) is a severe and complex condition that evolves from unresolved pulmonary embolism, leading to fibrotic obstruction of pulmonary arteries, pulmonary hypertension, and potential right heart failure. The cornerstone of CTEPH management lies in a multifaceted therapeutic approach tailored to individual patient profiles, reflecting the disease's heterogeneity. This review delves into the current therapeutic strategies for CTEPH, including surgical pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA), balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA), and targeted pharmacological treatments such as PDE5 inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists, sGC stimulators, and prostanoids. Lifelong anticoagulation is also highlighted as a preventive strategy against recurrent thromboembolism. Special emphasis is placed on the interdisciplinary nature of CTEPH care, necessitating collaboration among PEA surgeons, BPA interventionists, PH specialists, and thoracic radiologists to ensure comprehensive treatment planning and execution. The review underscores the importance of selecting an appropriate treatment modality based on the patient's specific disease characteristics and the evolving landscape of CTEPH treatment, aiming to improve patient outcomes through integrated care strategies.
Organic matter enrichment model of Permian Capitanian-Changhsingian black shale in the intra-platform basin of Nanpanjiang basin
Authors: Zhang Haiquan , Cao Junfeng , Lan Baofeng , Chen Yi , Zhang Qian , Men Yupeng , Feng Xintao , Yu Qian
Published: July 2024

The Permian Capitanian-Changhsingian black shale formed in intra-platform basins are the major source rocks in Southwest China. However, the depositional conditions and organic matter accumulation of these black shales are not well understood. In this study, geochemical characteristics comprise TOC, major, trace and REEs from sixty-two samples from the studied outcrop in Northern Nanpanjiang Basin, Southwest China are systematically investigated to determine silicon source, paleo-ocean productivity, and paleo-redox conditions to reveal their influence on organic matter enrichment under 3rd-order sequence. The Capitanian-Changhsingian black shale in the study area is the result of the combined effects of active extensional activity, high paleo-productivity maintained by volcanic activity, and dysoxic and anoxic conditions represented by biological extinction events. There are differences in the factors controlling organic matter accumulation in black shale at different stages. The controlling factors for the organic enrichment during Capitanian (SQ2) are the rapidly deepening water mass of extensional rifts and the high productivity induced by volcanic ash in the igneous provinces, as well as the global anoxic event represented by “negative carbon isotope shift.” The controlling factors during Changhsingian are the deepening of water mass under the reactivation of extensional rifts, resulting in a dysoxic environment, and the high productivity maintained by volcanic activity in South China. The Wuchiapingian black shale was formed under dysoxic conditions under the stagnation of extensional activity, and intermittent volcanic activity in South China maintained the high paleo-productivity level of the Wuchiapingian stage.
Sex-specific association of circulating Isthmin-1 with isolated post-challenge hyperglycemia
Authors: Fan Jiahua , He Jialin , Zhu Jiangyuan , Yang Jialu , Ju Jingmeng , Huang Jingyi , Huang Zhihao , Zhang Zhuoyu , Li Wenkang , Xia Min , Liu Yan
Published: July 2024

Introduction

To explore the distribution of Isthmin-1 (ISM1) level and its association with isolated post-challenge hyperglycemia (IPH).

Methods

A total of 522 participants without a history of diabetes were invited to attend a standard 75g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and 71 subjects were further invited for a 3-h oral minimal model test. Insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were evaluated using both HOMA and estimated from OGTT. Circulating ISM1 levels were determined by a commercially available ELISA kit.

Results

A total of 76 (14.6%) participants were diagnosed as IPH, accounting for 61.3% of the newly diagnosed diabetes. ISM1 levels were significantly higher in men than in women (1.74 ng/mL versus 0.88 ng/mL). The inverse correlation between ISM1 and β-cell function and IPH was only significant in men. After multivariate adjustment, per unit increment in ISM1 was associated with 0.68-fold (95% CI: 0.49-0.90) reduced odds ratio (OR) of IPH in men. Compared to men with the lowest ISM1 levels, the adjusted OR of IPH with the highest ISM1 levels decreased by 73% (95% CI: 0.11-0.61). Moreover, incorporation of ISM1 into the New Chinese Diabetes Risk Score (NCDRS) model yielded a substantial improvement in net reclassification improvement of 58% (95% CI: 27%-89%) and integrated discrimination improvement of 6.4% (95% CI: 2.7%-10.2%) for IPH.

Conclusions

ISM1 was significantly and independently associated with IPH, and serves as a feasible biomarker for the early identification of men with high risk of IPH.
Assessing the impact of short-term Lugol’s solution on toxic nodular thyroid disease: a pre-post-intervention study
Authors: Hedberg Fredric , Cramon Per Karkov , Bränström Robert , Falhammar Henrik , Calissendorff Jan
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Preoperative iodine therapy in toxic nodular goiter (TNG) is discouraged as iodine may cause aggravation of hyperthyroidism. We aimed to examine if a short course of iodine treatment is safe to administer in TNG.

Methods

Patients with TNG (n=20) and subclinical to mild hyperthyroidism (free (f)T4 <30 pmol/L) without complicating illnesses were included in this pre-post-intervention study at Karolinska University Hospital. All participants received Lugol’s solution 5%, three oral drops thrice daily for 10 days. Heart rate, TSH, fT4, fT3 concentrations were collected before (day 0) and after treatment (day 10). Thyroid hormone concentrations were also measured at two time points during treatment to discover aggravations of hyperthyroidism. ThyPRO39se, a quality-of-life questionnaire, was filled out day 0 and day 10. Differences in heart rate, thyroid hormone concentrations, and quality-of-life before and after treatment were compared. Adverse reactions were reported.

Results

The median age was 63.5 years. Female to male ratio 19:1. FT4 and fT3 concentrations decreased (both p<0.001), and TSH concentration increased (p<0.001) after 10 days of treatment. There was no difference in heart rate. No aggravations of thyrotoxicosis were noticed in any of the participants. ThyPRO39se scores improved on three scales, including hyperthyroid symptoms, while the remaining scale scores were unchanged. Mild and transient symptoms related to or possibly related to treatment were observed in six participants.

Conclusion

A short course of Lugol’s solution improved thyroid hormone concentrations, reduced patient-reported hyperthyroid symptoms and was safe in TNG. Lugol’s solution might be an option for preoperative treatment in TNG.

Clinical trial registration

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04856488.
Low-carbon dispatch of multi-regional integrated energy systems considering integrated demand side response
Authors: Ji Xiu , Li Meiyue , Li Meng , Han Huanhuan
Published: July 2024

Under the background of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”, the interconnection of multiple regional integrated energy systems has become an important way to coordinate multiple energy sources and save energy and reduce emissions. This paper proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch model for multi-regional integrated energy systems considering the joint demand response mechanism; first, the concept and model of joint demand response are proposed, and on this basis, the energy conversion model between multiple energy forms in the multi-regional integrated energy system is studied; secondly, green certificate trading and carbon trading mechanisms are introduced, and green certificate trading and carbon trading are combined through the green certificate emission reduction mechanism; finally, a low-carbon economic dispatch model is proposed with the goal of minimizing the sum of system energy purchase cost, green certificate trading cost, carbon trading cost and joint demand response compensation cost. The example results show that the introduction of joint demand response mechanism and green certificate-carbon trading mechanism in the multi-regional integrated energy system reduces the total system cost and carbon emissions by 14.03% and 26.04% respectively.
Newly isolated strains of potentially microcystin-producing cyanobacteria in potable water: case study of Mawoni village, South Africa
Authors: Mutoti Mulalo I. , Gumbo Jabulani R. , Khwathisi Adivhaho , Jideani Afam I. O.
Published: July 2024

Toxic cyanobacterial species occur in aquatic ecosystems when favourable environmental conditions prevail. These bacteria can produce natural hepatotoxic metabolites called microcystins that can affect the quality of water. Human exposure to microcystins results from ingesting contaminated drinking water and therefore cyanobacterial species producing these toxins should be monitored in these waters. The present study aimed to trace and identify cyanobacterial strains that potentially produce microcystins in drinking water. To achieve this objective, advanced digital flow cytometry and polymerized chain reaction were used for the detection and identification of cyanobacterial strains in water samples collected from water storage containers in Mawoni village. Full-length 16S rRNA genes from cultured cyanobacteria were amplified and sequenced using the 16S primers. Three novel strains of Chroococcus sp. (m64187e-7881, m64187e-2143, and m64187e-0930) and two strains of Microcystis aeruginosa (m64187e-6729 and m64187e-1069) were detected and identified in drinking water samples. The presence of these strains could indicate the potential of microcystins occurrence in drinking water, which therefore, could present potential human health risk due to exposure to such cyanotoxins.
Does living in major towns favor institutional delivery in Somalia?
Authors: Sheikh Naima Said , Hussein Ahmed M. , Mohamed Shukri Said , Gele Abdi
Published: July 2024

Background

In developing countries, institutional delivery is a key proven intervention that reduces maternal mortality and can reduce maternal deaths by approximately 16%–33%. In Somalia, only 32% of births are delivered in a health facility with the assistance of a skilled healthcare provider. We aimed to investigate the factors hindering women from giving birth at healthcare facilities in major towns in Somalia, where most of the health facilities in the country are concentrated.

Methods

A community-based health survey was carried out in 11 major towns in Somalia between October and December 2021. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect data from 430 women who gave birth in the last five years. Women were recruited through convenient sampling. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% CI were estimated to assess the associations.

Results

The overall prevalence of institutional delivery was 57%. Approximately 38% of women living in Mogadishu and 53% living in another ten towns give birth at home. Women who had poor knowledge of the importance of health facility delivery had nearly four times higher odds of delivering at home (AOR 3.64 CI: 1.49–8.93). Similarly, those who did not receive antenatal care (AOR 2.5, CI: 1.02–6.39) and those who did not receive a consultation on the place of delivery (AOR 2.15, CI: 1.17–3.94) were more likely to give birth at home. The reasons for home delivery included financial reasons, the long distance to the health facility, and the fact that it was easier to give birth at home.

Conclusion

The study found that home delivery is high in major towns in Somalia and is associated with a lack of understanding of the importance of health facility delivery, not using ANC, and not receiving consultancy about where to give birth. Primary health care should strengthen information, education, and communication activities. Since the health care system in Somalia is overwhelmingly private, the government may consider access to free and within-reach ANC and health facility delivery for women and girls from families who cannot pay the ANC and childbirth delivery cost.
Case report of renal manifestations in X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Authors: Wan Shuisen , Cao Meiling , Zou Jiahui , Bai Yaojia , Shi Mingyue , Jiang Hongkun
Published: July 2024

Introduction

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a humoral immunodeficiency disorder characterized by recurrent infections, severe hypogammaglobulinemia, and a deficiency of circulating B cells. While the hallmark clinical manifestations of XLA typically include the respiratory, dermatological, and gastrointestinal systems, renal involvement is infrequent. In this article, we report two cases of XLA with concurrent renal disease, supplemented with a review of documented cases.

Case description

The two cases described involve twin brothers, both presenting with respiratory tract infections and renal manifestations. Subsequent genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of XLA. The younger brother exhibited improvement following intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy and anti-infection treatment. Due to financial constraints, the older brother received only anti-infection and symptomatic treatments. Seven months after discharge, the older brother developed nephritis. However, he showed improvement following IVIG treatment.

Conclusion

Immune profiling and genetic testing should be considered in male children with recurrent infections to facilitate the effective diagnosis of XLA. Regular monitoring is also imperative to detect and treat immune-mediated renal diseases in patients with XLA.
Causal associations between both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and multiple autoimmune diseases: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Duan Kexin , Wang Jingrui , Chen Shaomin , Chen Tong , Wang Jiajue , Wang Shujing , Chen Xinsheng
Published: July 2024

Background

Numerous observational studies have identified associations between both psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and autoimmune diseases (AIDs); however, the causality of these associations remains undetermined.

Methods

We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization study to identify causal associations and directions between both PsO and PsA and AIDs, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), multiple sclerosis (MS), uveitis, bullous pemphigoid (BP), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), vitiligo, and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The causal inferences were drawn by integrating results from four regression models: Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, Weighted Median, and Maximum Likelihood. Furthermore, we performed sensitivity analyses to confirm the reliability of our findings.

Results

The results showed that CD [IVW odds ratio (ORIVW), 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.17; P = 8.40E-06], vitiligo (ORIVW, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05-1.28; P = 2.45E-03) were risk factors for PsO, while BP may reduce the incidence of PsO (ORIVW, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87-0.96; P = 1.26E-04). CD (ORIVW, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.12; P = 0.01), HT (ORIVW, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08-1.40; P = 1.43E-03), RA (ORIVW, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.21, P = 2.05E-02), AS (ORIVW, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.46-3.27; P = 1.55E-04), SLE (ORIVW, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08; P = 1.07E-02) and vitiligo (ORIVW, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.14-1.42; P = 2.67E-05) were risk factors for PsA. Sensitivity analyses had validated the reliability of the results.

Conclusions

Our study provides evidence for potential causal relationships between certain AIDs and both PsO and PsA. Specifically, CD and vitiligo may increase the risk of developing PsO, while CD, HT, SLE, RA, AS, and vitiligo may elevate the risk for PsA. Additionally, it is crucial to closely monitor the condition of PsO patients with specific AIDs, as they have a higher likelihood of developing PsA than those without AIDs. Moving forward, greater attention should be paid to PsA and further exploration of other PsO subtypes is warranted.
Pattern of total organic carbon in sediments within the mangrove ecosystem
Authors: Li Yue , Long Chuqi , Dai Zhijun , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: July 2024

The sedimentary total organic carbon (TOC) in mangrove ecosystems plays an essential role in the global carbon storage. Nevertheless, little information is available about the pattern of TOC in sediments varying from bare and flat to those beneath mangroves. To find out the roles of new-developing mangroves in sedimentary TOC accumulation, a serials of sediment samples were collected from the creek mudflat zone (CMZ) through the fringe mangrove zone (FMZ) to the interior mangrove zone (IMZ) in young mangrove system of Nanliu River Delta in China. Sediment compositions, TOC, total nitrogen (TN), molar C/N ratios, and carbon stable isotopes (δ13C) were analyzed to examine the accumulation processes. The results revealed the distinct differences in the sedimentary TOC values, with an obvious increasing trend from the CMZ and FMZ to the IMZ. We quantified that terrestrials, marine-derived and mangrove-derived sources contributed 39.2-74.1%, 24.7-63.1% and 0.9-6.9%, respectively, to the sedimentary TOC in the mangrove ecosystems. The organic carbon accumulation rates ranged from 2.59 to 269.60 g•m-2•a-1, with values of 8.77 ± 19.87, 24.78 ± 12.53, 167.19 ± 57.79 g•m-2•a-1 for CMZ, FMZ and IMZ. Our work highlights information showing that young mangrove forests of the tropical delta have important potential for carbon storage.
Application and evaluation of the hybrid “Problem-Based Learning” model based on “Rain Classroom” in experimental courses of medical molecular biology
Authors: Qu Meng , Hou Qinlong , Yu Chunyan , Li Xushen , Xia Jichen , Dong Zhiheng
Published: July 2024

Background

With the advancement of society, the cultivation of medical professionals equipped with solid theoretical knowledge, a strong sense of innovation, and critical thinking has become a crucial goal in the reform of medical higher education. Over recent years, the hybrid Problem-Based Learning (hPBL) model, a blend of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Lecture-Based Learning (LBL), has emerged as a novel approach in the medical education reform landscape of China. The application and efficacy of the hPBL model in medical experimental courses have piqued the interest of medical educators. The aim of this study was to appraise the application and effectiveness of the hPBL model in the experimental course of Medical Molecular Biology at Beihua University.

Methods

Utilizing the “Rain Classroom” platform, students from the Preventive Medicine and Medical Imaging programs were allocated to either the hPBL or LBL method for their Medical Molecular Biology experimental courses. The hPBL model’s impact on students’ performance was evaluated across four domains: experimental theory, experimental operation, experimental report, and practical application. Questionnaires were employed to gauge students’ experiences and perceptions.

Results

The results indicated that the final assessment scores of the hPBL group were significantly superior to those of the LBL group. Moreover, the hPBL model effectively amplified students’ self-learning capability, practical application skills, and communication competencies. Students expressed a high degree of satisfaction with this blended learning model.

Conclusion

The hPBL model, which amalgamates PBL and LBL, has demonstrated its effectiveness in medical education. Its implementation in the experimental course of Medical Molecular Biology at Beihua University yielded positive outcomes, enhancing students’ performance and satisfaction levels. Consequently, it is recommended that the hPBL model be further promulgated in other medical experimental courses.
Characterization of microbial community assembly in parasitic plant systems and the influence of microorganisms on metabolite accumulation in parasitic plants: case study of Cistanche salsa and Kalidium foliatum
Authors: Feng Zhan , Miao Yujing , Sun Xiao , Zheng Yan , Luo Guangming , Pei Jin , Huang Linfang
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Cistanche salsa (C.A.Mey.) G. Beck is a perennial holoparasitic herb recognized for its medicinal properties, particularly in kidney-tonifying and laxative treatments. Despite its therapeutic potential, little is known about the endophyte communities inhabiting C. salsa and its host plants, and how these microorganisms may impact the production and accumulation of metabolites in C. salsa.

Methods

We conducted a dual analysis focusing on metabolomics of wild C. salsa and microbiome characterization of both C. salsa and its host plant, Kalidium foliatum (Pall.) Moq. The metabolomics analysis revealed variations in metabolite composition across different parts of C. salsa. Additionally, the microbiome analysis involved studying endophytic bacteria and fungi, comparing their community structures between parasitic C. salsa and its host plant.

Results

Significant variations in metabolite composition were observed through metabolomic profiling, which identified 93 secondary metabolites and 398 primary metabolites across various parts of C. salsa. Emphasis was placed on differences in metabolite composition within the flowers. Microbiome analysis revealed differential community compositions of endophytic bacteria between the parasitic and host plants, whereas differences in endophytic fungi were less pronounced. Certain endophytes, such as Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota, were associated with the production of specific secondary metabolites in C. salsa, including the plant-specific compound salsaside.

Discussion

Our findings highlight the intricate relationship between C. salsa and its endophytic microbiota, suggesting a potential role of these microorganisms in modulating the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds. The differential preferences of endophytic bacteria and fungi across various microenvironments within the parasitic plant system underscore the complexity of these interactions. Further elucidation of these dynamics could enhance our understanding of C. salsa’s medicinal properties and its ecological adaptations as a holoparasitic herb.
Analysis of genetic diversity among three Triplophysa tenuis populations by RAD-seq
Authors: Wu Wenqiong , Qiu Junqiang , Lin Yue , Li Xike , Li Wenjuan , Duan Yuanliang , Fu Yuanshuai
Published: July 2024

To investigate the genetic diversity of Triplophysa tenuis in the Shule River Basin of Gansu province, three populations were sequenced via RAD-seq technology. Twenty-nine microsatellite (SSR) markers with polymorphisms were finally screened to access the genetic diversity among the populations, of which 15 had high polymorphisms. The quantity of the alleles detected in the three populations of T. tenuis varied from 2 to 24. The locus with the most alleles was SSRC1, which had 24 alleles. Among the 29 SSRs, the range of effective allele number, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and polymorphic information content were 1.246–16.615, 0.222–1, 0.198–0.940, and 0.178–0.937, respectively. Most of the identified loci were in the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Analysis of the population structure revealed that the Yumen and Changma populations shared the same origin, while the Qiaowan population was different from them. The developed SSR markers discovered in this study will contribute to the conservation research on T. tenuis and the conservation of the fishery resources of the Shule River, providing scientific guidance for the development and utilization of T. tenuis resources and environmental protection.
Association between uric acid and the risk of hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qian Ying , Li Na , Li Yuanyuan , Tao Chenxi , Liu Zhenhong , Zhang Guoxia , Yang Fan , Zhang Hongrui , Gao Yonghong
Published: July 2024

Background

The relationship between hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and uric acid (UA) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between UA concentrations and the risk of HT following acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods

Electronic databases were searched for studies on HT and UA from inception to October 31, 2023. Two researchers independently reviewed the studies for inclusion. STATA Software 16.0 was used to compute the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the pooled and post-outlier outcomes. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic and the Galbraith plot. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was performed. Lastly, Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s test were used to assess publication bias.

Results

A total of 11 studies involving 4,608 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled SMD forest plot (SMD = −0.313, 95% CI = −0.586–−0.039, p = 0.025) displayed that low UA concentrations were linked to a higher risk of HT in post-AIS patients. However, heterogeneity (I2 = 89.8%, p < 0.001) was high among the studies. Six papers fell outside the Galbraith plot regression line, and there exclusive resulted in the absence of heterogeneity (I2 = 52.1%, p = 0.080). Meanwhile, repeated SMD analysis (SMD = −0.517, 95% CI = −0.748–−0.285, p = 0.000) demonstrated that the HT group had lower UA concentrations. Finally, Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s test indicated the absence of publication bias in our meta-analysis.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis illustrated a substantial connection between UA concentrations and HT, with lower UA concentrations independently linked with a higher risk of HT post-AIS. These results lay a theoretical reference for future studies.

Systematic review registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/CRD42023485539.