bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volunteer onboarding in times of crisis: Utah's experience during COVID‐19
Authors: Fifolt Matthew , McMahon Sean , Lewis Katie H. , Skewes Andrea
Published: September 2024

This article is an example of “Lessons from the Field.” In early 2021, a call to action resulted in an unprecedented surge of volunteers for Utah's public health system. This call to action was in support of the rollout of COVID‐19 vaccine across the state and the need to vaccinate the population as quickly and efficiently as possible. In this case study, we describe the events that preceded the surge of volunteers as well as challenges and resolutions to volunteer onboarding. Additionally, we discuss the importance of collaboration between local health departments and the Utah Department of Health and Human Services and describe how the partnership was strengthened by this specific emergency response.
Genetic causality between modifiable risk factors and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence from Mendelian randomization
Authors: Ge Man , Xu Yi‐Qing , Hu Xiao , He Yi‐Sheng , Xu Shu‐Zhen , He Tian , Wang Peng , Pan Hai‐Feng
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Emerging research has investigated the potential impact of several modifiable risk factors on the risks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the findings did not yield consistent results. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the genetic causality between modifiable risk factors and the susceptibility of RA risk using the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Methods

Genetic instruments for modifiable risk factors were selected from several genome‐wide association studies at the genome‐wide significance level (p < 5 × 10−8), respectively. Summary‐level data for RA were sourced from a comprehensive meta‐analysis. The causal estimates linking modifiable risk factors to RA risk were assessed using MR analysis with inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR‐Egger, weighted, and weighted median methods.

Results

After Bonferroni correction for multiple tests, we found the presence of causality between educational attainment and RA, where there were protective effects of educational attainment (college completion) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.36, 0.69, p = 2.87E‐05) and educational attainment (years of education) (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.90, 0.96, p = 4.18E‐06) on the lower RA risks. Nevertheless, smoking initiation was observed to be associated with increased RA risks (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.09, 1.47, p = .002). Moreover, there was no indication of horizontal pleiotropy of genetic variants during causal inference between modifiable risk factors and RA.

Conclusions

Our study reveals the genetic causal impacts of educational attainment and smoking on RA risks, suggesting that the early monitoring and recognition of modifiable risk factors would be beneficial for the preventive counseling/treatment strategies for RA.
Revisiting ALK (D5F3) immunohistochemistry: Insights into focal staining and neuroendocrine differentiation
Authors: Sung Yeoun Eun , Kim Meejeong
Published: September 2024

Background

Screening for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is crucial for identifying patients eligible for targeted therapy. The FDA‐approved ALK (D5F3) immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay, used with the OptiView Amplification Kit, demonstrates excellent sensitivity and specificity in detecting these patients. However, the clinical significance of resulting focal positivity remains unclear, and ALK (D5F3) expression unrelated to ALK fusion is observed in some cases of neuroendocrine differentiation. This study aims to validate these findings with molecular testing and contribute to the accurate interpretation of ALK (D5F3) IHC results.

Methods

A total of 1619 patients diagnosed with NSCLC and neuroendocrine carcinoma were evaluated using ALK (D5F3) IHC. For cases with strong but focal expression and those with diffuse strong positivity in neuroendocrine differentiation, ALK fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and/or next‐generation sequencing (NGS) tests were performed.

Results

Seven out of 1109 adenocarcinomas (0.6%) and six out of 289 squamous cell carcinomas (2.1%) exhibited strong focal ALK (D5F3) expression. Nine out of 209 neuroendocrine carcinomas (4.3%) showed homogeneously strong ALK (D5F3) expression. All these cases, including adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation and combined small cell carcinoma, were negative for ALK fusions by FISH and/or NGS.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that strong but focal ALK (D5F3) immunostaining and strong expression in neuroendocrine differentiation may not indicate ALK fusion. By considering these findings, we can improve the accuracy of patient selection for targeted therapy by minimizing false‐positive interpretations of ALK (D5F3) staining.
Sex differences in neural networks recruited by frontloaded binge alcohol drinking
Authors: Ardinger Cherish E. , Chen Yueyi , Kimbrough Adam , Grahame Nicholas J. , Lapish Christopher C.
Published: September 2024

Frontloading is an alcohol drinking pattern where intake is skewed towards the onset of access. This study aimed to identify brain regions involved in frontloading. Whole brain imaging was performed in 63 C57Bl/6J (32 female, 31 male) mice that underwent 8 days of binge drinking using drinking‐in‐the‐dark (DID). On Days 1–7 mice received 20% (v/v) alcohol or water for 2 h. Intake was measured in 1‐min bins using volumetric sippers. On Day 8 mice were perfused 80 min into the DID session and brains were extracted. Brains were processed to stain for Fos protein using iDISCO+. Following light sheet imaging, ClearMap2.1 was used to register brains to the Allen Brain Atlas and detect Fos+ cells. For network analyses, Day 8 drinking patterns were used to characterize mice as frontloaders or non‐frontloaders using a change‐point analysis. Functional correlation matrices were calculated for each group from log10 Fos values. Euclidean distances were calculated from these R values and clustering was used to determine modules (highly connected groups of brain regions). In males, alcohol access decreased modularity (three modules in both frontloaders and non‐frontloaders) as compared to water (seven modules). In females, an opposite effect was observed. Alcohol access (nine modules for frontloaders) increased modularity as compared to water (five modules). Further, different brain regions served as hubs in frontloaders as compared to control groups. In conclusion, alcohol consumption led to fewer, but more densely connected, groups of brain regions in males but not females and we identify several brain‐wide signatures of frontloading.
Effectiveness of mobile smoking cessation treatment with 1‐week nicotine replacement therapy sampling at outdoor smoking hotspots: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: He Wan Jia Aaron , Wang Qi , Chan Ching Han Helen , Luk Tzu Tsun , Wang Man Ping , Chan Siu Chee Sophia , Lam Tai Hing , Cheung Yee Tak Derek
Published: September 2024

Aims

To evaluate the effectiveness of mobile smoking cessation (SC) treatment with 1‐week nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) sampling on recruitment and quitting outcomes.

Design

Two‐arm cluster RCT (1:1 ratio), single‐blinded, at 244 recruitment sessions in Hong Kong outdoor smoking hotspots from October 2018–December 2019.

Setting

Participant were recruited by ambassadors and treated at the mobile SC truck.

Participants

834 adult (≥18 years, male 81.3%) daily smokers, Chinese‐speaking, non‐NRT users in the past month, consented after nurse‐led intervention in mobile SC truck were randomized to the experimental (n = 482 male 79.5%) and the control group (n = 352, male 83.8%).

Intervention and comparator

The experimental group received a 1‐week free NRT sample, an NRT instruction card, and mobile SC treatment including onsite nurse‐led brief medication advice (about 15 minutes) and referral to SC clinics. The control group received the same mobile SC treatment.

Measurements

Primary outcome was self‐reported quit attempts at 1‐month follow‐up. Secondary outcomes included SC service use at 1 month, and biochemically validated abstinence (exhaled carbon monoxide < 4 ppm; or saliva cotinine < 10 ng/ml) at 6‐month follow‐up. Additionally, a post‐hoc cost analysis was conducted.

Findings

By intention‐to‐treat, the two groups showed similar prevalence of quit attempts (44·4% versus 43·5%, risk ratio (RR) = 1·04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0·79–1·37, P = 0·79). Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed lower SC service use at clinics (32·4% versus 44·9%, RR = 0·72, 95%CI = 0·57–0·91, P = 0·006), but no significant difference in validated abstinence (4·6% versus 2·8%, RR = 1·64, 95%CI = 0·76–3·50, P = 0·21). The experimental recruitment sessions recruited more smokers for onsite medication advice than the control session (mean 6·7 vs 5·0, adjusted incident rate ratio = 1·30, 95%CI = 1·08–1·56, P = 0·005).

Conclusions

Mobile smoking cessation treatment with 1‐week nicotine replacement therapy sampling did not increase quit attempts or abstinence outcomes among recruited daily smokers in Hong Kong. The intervention increased smokers' uptake of onsite medication advice but reduced subsequent smoking cessation service use at clinics.
Detection and quantification of synthetic cannabinoids in seven illicitly sourced disposable vapes submitted by an individual presenting to a UK drug and alcohol service
Authors: Craft Sam , Sunderland Peter , Millea Molly F. , Pudney Christopher R. , Sutcliffe Oliver B. , Freeman Tom P.
Published: September 2024

Background and aims

In the United Kingdom and internationally, synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are a common adulterant in illicitly sourced vaping products. Recently, their use is increasingly being linked to severe health effects, particularly among children. Here, we aimed to conduct the first detection and quantification of SCs in illicit disposable vaping products.

Methods

A cross‐section of seven illicitly sourced disposable vape samples that were initially sold as cannabis products was submitted for analysis by a single individual presenting to a drug and alcohol service in the United Kingdom. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of these samples were conducted using nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography/electron ionization‐mass spectrometry.

Results

Qualitative analysis identified the SC 5F‐MDMB‐PICA in all seven samples, in the absence of any other pharmacologically active compounds. Quantitative analysis revealed that the median concentration of 5F‐MDMB‐PICA was 0.85 mg/ml (range = 0.59–1.63). The external appearance of these vape samples closely resembled regulated vaping products, and the presence of SCs was not identifiable by any labelling or packaging.

Conclusions

The SC 5F‐MDMB‐PICA was detected at a median concentration of 0.85 mg/ml in seven disposable vapes which were illegally sourced in the United Kingdom, were mis‐sold as cannabis products and closely resembled legal, regulated products.
Pregnancy in women with mitochondrial disease—A literature review and suggested guidance for preconception and pregnancy care
Authors: Hui Lisa , Hayman Pema , Buckland Ali , Fahey Michael C , Mackey David A , Mallett Andrew J , Schweitzer Daniel R , Stuart Clare P , Yau Wai Yan , Christodoulou John
Published: September 2024

Mitochondrial donation to reduce the risk of primary mitochondrial disease transmission from mother to child is now permitted under Australian law as part of a clinical trial. The energy demands of pregnancy have the potential to worsen mitochondrial disease symptoms and severity in affected women. We conducted a systematic literature review on mitochondrial disease in pregnancy; five cohort studies and 19 case reports were included. For many women with mitochondrial disease, pregnancy does not have a negative effect on health status. However, serious adverse outcomes may occur. We provide suggested guidelines for preconception counselling and antenatal care.
Differences in disease characteristics and treatment exposures between paediatric and adult‐onset inflammatory bowel disease using a registry‐based cohort
Authors: Granot Maya , Kopylov Uri , Loberman‐Nachum Nurit , Krauthammer Alexander , Abitbol Chaya Mushka , Ben‐Horin Shomron , Weiss Batia , Haberman Yael
Published: September 2024

Background

Previous studies highlighted a more extensive phenotype for paediatric‐onset than adult‐onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, most lacked long‐term follow‐up, and some were conducted before the era of biologics.

Aims

The aim of this study is to compare disease characteristics and treatment exposures between paediatric‐onset and adult‐onset IBD.

Methods

From a registry that periodically and uniformly retrieves demographics, disease characteristics/phenotype, and treatments, we compared the characteristics of paediatric‐onset (diagnosed at ≥6 and <18 years) and adult‐onset IBD, diagnosed during 2000–2022 and with ≥12 months follow‐up.

Results

Of the 2837 patients with Crohn's disease and 1332 with ulcerative colitis, 3316 had adult‐onset and 853 paediatric‐onset IBD. The median follow‐up was 6 years. Patients with paediatric‐onset presented with more extensive disease and received more intensified therapies, including biologics and JAK inhibitors than those with adult‐onset IBD. Paediatric‐onset ulcerative colitis showed a higher prevalence of E3 extensive colitis including pancolitis and a greater requirement for systemic steroids, immunomodulators, and biologics than adult‐onset ulcerative colitis. Paediatric‐onset versus adult‐onset Crohn's disease exhibited greater L3 ileocolonic involvement and perianal disease phenotype, and higher exposure to immunomodulators and biologics. Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox proportional hazards analyses showed significantly lower 15‐year biologic‐free survival from diagnosis among those with paediatric‐onset IBD than with adult‐onset IBD (p = <0.001), indicating greater and earlier use of biologics in the former.

Conclusions

Paediatric‐onset presents with more extensive disease with higher exposures to immunomodulators and biologic therapies than adult‐onset IBD.
Environmental sustainability from a generational lens—A study comparing generation X, Y, and Z ecological commitment
Authors: Pinho Micaela , Gomes Sofia
Published: September 2024

Environmental sustainability is increasingly pressing. Achieving it depends on the contribution of all of us. There is a broad spectrum of evidence that points to a generational gap in the way of viewing and dealing with environmental issues. This evidence is, however, mixed. This paper intends to explore whether there are differences between the Portuguese Generations X, Y, and Z about general environmental concerns, their involvement in collective actions for environmental protection, and specific pro‐environmental behaviors. The data gathered from 757 Portuguese citizens were analyzed using descriptive and non‐parametric statistical methods. Overall, we found that members of Generation Z showed the least environmental concerns and adopted fewer sustainable behaviors and little or no participation in collective actions for environmental protection. On the contrary, members of Generation X demonstrate more sustainable attitudes, followed by Millennials. In sum, the two younger generations have more in common with each other than they do with members of Generation X. This is the first attempt to understand generational differences in Portugal on specific environmental issues, helping to define policies emphasizing civil society's serious and consistent involvement in protecting the planet. Recommendations of the research enable us to understand the behaviors of individuals from different generations and allow producers and policymakers to develop and adopt measures to meet the specificities of each generation, leading them to adopt more sustainable practices, especially younger people.
Anti‐Obesity Medication in the Management of Children and Adolescents With Obesity: Recent Developments and Research Gaps
Authors: Torbahn Gabriel , Lischka Julia , Brown Tamara , Ells Louisa J. , Kelly Aaron S. , Wabitsch Martin , Weghuber Daniel
Published: September 2024

Background

Paediatric obesity is a global public health concern. While in most countries the incidence keeps rising, the need for effective and long‐term management for children and adolescents living with this chronic, relapsing disease is pressing. Health behaviour and lifestyle treatment (HBLT) is recommended as first‐line treatment.

Methods

Narrative review.

Results

A new generation of recently approved anti‐obesity medications (AOM) now has the potential to fill the gap between limited effects on body mass index (BMI) by HBLT alone and large effects by metabolic and bariatric surgery in adolescents with obesity aged 12 years and older. While, for semaglutide and phentermine/topiramate, effectiveness is substantial with relevant, but mostly mild to moderate adverse events, there is a gap in evidence regarding long‐term effects and safety, effects on outcomes beyond BMI reduction and data for certain groups of patients, such as children < 12 years and minority groups. When integrating AOM treatment into national healthcare systems it should be offered as part of a comprehensive patient‐centred approach.

Conclusion

This article summarizes recent AOM developments, integration into paediatric obesity management, and identifies research gaps.
Biocompatibility and dimensional stability through the use of 3D‐printed scaffolds made by polycaprolactone and bioglass‐7: An in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Lim Ho‐Kyung , Song In‐Seok , Choi Won‐Cheul , Choi Young‐Jun , Kim Eun‐young , Phan Thi Hong Tham , Lee Ui‐Lyong
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This experiment aimed to observe the differences in biological properties by producing BGS‐7 + PCL scaffolds with different weight fractions of BGS‐7 through 3D printing and to confirm whether using the scaffold for vertical bone augmentation is effective.

Materials and Methods

Cube‐shaped bioglass (BGS‐7) and polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with different weight fractions (PCL alone, PCL with 15% and 30% BGS‐7) are produced using 3D printing. The surface hydroxyapatite (HA) apposition, the pH change, proliferation and attachment assays, and various gene expression levels are assessed. After a 7‐mm implant was inserted 3 mm into the rabbit calvaria, vertical bone augmentation is performed around the implant and inside the scaffold in four ways: scaffold only, scaffold+bone graft, bone graft only, and no graft. Sacrifice is performed at 6, 12, and 24 weeks, and the various parameters are compared radiographically and histologically.

Results

HA apposition, cell proliferation, cell attachment, and expression of osteogenic genes increase as the proportion of BGS‐7 increase. In the in vivo test, a higher bone–implant contact ratio, bone volume ratio, bone mineral density, and new bone area are observed when the scaffold and bone grafts were used together.

Conclusion

The 3D‐printed scaffold, a mixture of BGS‐7 and PCL, exhibit higher biological compatibility as the proportion of BGS‐7 increase. Additionally, the use of scaffold is effective for vertical bone augmentation.
Neuroimaging analysis reveals distinct cerebral perfusion responses to fasting‐postprandial metabolic switching in Alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Li Runzhi , Zhuo Zhizheng , Yao Zeshan , Li Zhaohui , Wang Yanli , Jiang Jiwei , Wang Linlin , Li Wenyi , Zhang Yanling , Sun Jun , Li Junjie , Duan Yunyun , Liu Yi , Shao Hongyuan , li Yang , Zhang Yechuan , Chen Jinglong , Shi Hanping , Huang Hui , Liu Yaou , Xu Jun
Published: September 2024

Aims

Extended fasting–postprandial switch intermitting time has been shown to affect Alzheimer's disease (AD). Few studies have investigated the cerebral perfusion response to fasting–postprandial metabolic switching (FMS) in AD patients. We aimed to evaluate the cerebral perfusion response to FMS in AD patients.

Methods

In total, 30 AD patients, 32 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and 30 healthy control individuals (HCs) were included in the quantification of cerebral perfusion via cerebral blood flow (CBF). The cerebral perfusion response to FMS was defined as the difference (ΔCBF) between fasting and postprandial CBF.

Results

Patients with AD had a regional negative ΔCBF in the anterior temporal lobe, part of the occipital lobe and the parietal lobe under FMS stimulation, whereas HCs had no significant ΔCBF. The AD patients had lower ΔCBF values in the right anterior temporal lobe than the MCI patients and HCs. ΔCBF in the anterior temporal lobe was negatively correlated with cognitive severity and cognitive reserve factors in AD patients.

Conclusions

AD patients exhibited a poor ability to maintain cerebral perfusion homeostasis under FMS stimulation. The anterior temporal lobe is a distinct area that responds to FMS in AD patients and negatively correlates with cognitive function.
Seasonal Patterns of Living Kidney Donation in the United States From 1995 to 2019
Authors: Arking Andrew , Kaddu Gabriella , Massie Allan B. , Segev Dorry L. , Garonzik‐Wang Jacqueline , Snyder Jon , King Elizabeth A. , Muzaale Abimereki D. , Ammary Fawaz Al
Published: September 2024

Background

The number of living kidney donors in the United States has declined since 2005, with variations based on the donor–recipient relationship. The reasons for this decline are unclear, and strategies to mitigate declined donations remain elusive. We examined the change in donor number monthly (within‐year) versus annually (between‐years) to inform potentially modifiable factors for future interventions.

Methods

In this registry‐based cohort analysis of 141 759 living kidney donors between 1995 and 2019, we used linear mixed‐effects models for donor number per month and year to analyze between‐year and within‐year variation in donation. We used Poisson regression to quantify the change in the number of donors per season before and after 2005, stratified by donor–recipient relationship and zip‐code household income tertile.

Results

We observed a consistent summer surge in donations during June, July, and August. This surge was statistically significant for related donors (incidence rate ratio [IRR] range: 1.12–1.33) and unrelated donors (IRR range: 1.06–1.16) across donor income tertiles.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate lower rates of living kidney donation in non‐summer months across income tertiles. Interventions are needed to address barriers to donation in non‐summer seasons and facilitate donations throughout the year. Since the Organ Donor Leave Law provides a solid foundation for supporting year‐round donation, extending the law's provisions beyond federal employees may mitigate identified seasonal barriers.
A practical new approach to ultrasonographic detection of the fetal situs: Modified Cordes technique
Authors: Yakut Yücel Kadriye , Sucu Sadun , Ağaoğlu Recep Taha , Çirkin Tekeş Gülten
Published: September 2024

This study presents the modified Cordes method, a novel ultrasonographic technique that provides a precise and practical evaluation of fetal situs during pregnancy, particularly in the first and early second trimesters. This method entails precisely aligning the probe and hand to obtain a clear image of the fetal thorax in the axial plane. The fundamental procedures involve ascertaining the initial location of the fetal head, rotating the probe, aligning the thorax at the center, and positioning the left hand to clearly identify the fetal situs. Tests conducted in many pregnancies have verified that the modified Cordes approach offers prompt and precise identification of fetal situs and is more accessible to acquire, particularly for new practitioners. The modified Cordes approach is a straightforward and reliable technique for establishing the position of the fetus. Its application during the first and early second trimesters improves diagnostic accuracy by minimizing the chances of misinterpretation. This method offers benefits by making the process of determining fetal situs more objective and straightforward for practitioners with varying degrees of experience.
Stable excess mortality in a multiple sclerosis cohort diagnosed 1970–2010
Authors: Sumelahti M.‐L. , Verkko A. , Kytö V. , Sipilä J. O. T.
Published: September 2024

Background and purpose

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with excess mortality. The use of disease‐modifying treatments (DMTs) has recently been associated with survival benefits.

Methods

A regional MS database was linked with national registries. People with MS (pwMS) diagnosed in 1971–2010 were included and followed up until the end of the year 2019. Five matched controls were acquired for every person with MS. DMTs included in the analyses were interferon and glatiramer acetate.

Results

Median follow‐up time of the 1795 pwMS was 20.0 years (range 0.1–48.7 years). Survival did not differ between decades of diagnosis (p = 0.20). Amongst pwMS, male sex (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41–2.06), higher age at diagnosis (aHR 1.83; 95% CI 1.65–2.03 per 10‐year increment) and primary progressive disease course (aHR 1.29; 95% CI 1.04–1.60) were independently associated with poorer survival. DMT use was associated with better survival (p < 0.0001) and better survival during follow‐up (aHR 0.56; 95% CI 0.38–0.81). Compared to matched controls, median life expectancy was 8–9 years shorter in pwMS with survival diverging from controls during the first decade after diagnosis, more clearly in men than women.

Conclusion

Despite DMT use being associated with better survival, relative life expectancy of pwMS did not change over five decades in Western Finland. Male sex was an independent risk factor for death amongst pwMS, but excess mortality was higher in women. More work and methods are needed to improve survival in pwMS.
Association of baseline sleep duration and sleep quality with seizure recurrence in newly treated patients with epilepsy
Authors: Zhong Rui , Li Guangjian , Zhao Teng , Zhang Hanyu , Zhang Xinyue , Lin Weihong
Published: September 2024

Objective

Although sleep duration and sleep quality are considered to be significant factors associated with epilepsy and seizure risk, findings are inconsistent, and their joint association remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine independent and joint associations of these two modifiable sleep features with seizure recurrence risk in newly treated patients with epilepsy (PWE).

Methods

This is a prospective cohort study of newly treated PWE at a comprehensive epilepsy center in northeast China between June 2020 and December 2023. Self‐reported sleep duration and sleep quality were collected at baseline. All patients were followed for 12 months for recurrent seizures. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of seizure recurrence. Models fitted with restricted cubic spline were conducted to test for linear and nonlinear shapes of each association.

Results

A total of 209 patients were included, and 103 experienced seizure recurrence during follow‐up. Baseline short sleep was significantly associated with greater risk of seizure recurrence (adjusted HR = 2.282, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.436–3.628, p < .001). Sleep duration (h/day) and recurrent seizure risk showed a significant nonlinear U‐shaped association, with a nadir at 8 h/day. Baseline poor sleep quality was significantly associated with greater risk of seizure recurrence (adjusted HR = 1.985, 95% CI = 1.321–2.984, p < .001). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score and seizure recurrence risk exhibited a positive linear association. Participants with a combination of poor quality–short sleep showed the highest risk of seizure recurrence (adjusted HR = 3.13, 95% CI = 1.779–5.507, p < .001) compared to the referent good quality–intermediate sleep group.

Significance

Baseline sleep duration and sleep quality were independently and jointly associated with risk of seizure recurrence in newly treated PWE. Our results point to an important potential role of baseline sleep duration and sleep quality in shaping seizure risk.
Protective immune response against Rhodococcus equi: An innate immunity‐focused review
Authors: da Silveira Bibiana Petri , Cohen Noah D. , Lawhon Sara D. , Watson Robert O. , Bordin Angela I.
Published: September 2024

Rhodococcus equi causes pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals and immunocompromised people. Despite decades of research efforts, no vaccine is available against this common cause of disease and death in foals. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarise the current understanding of interactions between R. equi and the host innate immune system, to describe features of the immune response that are associated with resistance or susceptibility to R. equi infection, and help guide strategies for developing novel approaches for preventing R. equi infections. Virulence of R. equi in foals has been attributed to the virulence associated protein A which allows intracellular survival in macrophages by preventing acidification of R. equi‐containing vacuole. Additionally, foal susceptibility to R. equi infection is associated with immaturity and naivety of innate and adaptive immune systems, while adult horses with fully functional immune system are resistant to pneumonia. Specific interaction between R. equi and innate immune cells can result in bacterial survival or death; learning how to manipulate these responses to control infection is critical to prevent pneumonia in foals. Administration of live vaccines and stimulation of innate immune responses appears to improve foals' immune response and has the potential to overcome the challenges of foal active vaccination and elicit protection against pneumonia.
HER2‐positive grade 1 invasive carcinomas of the breast
Authors: Lee Andrew H S , Hodi Zsolt , Abbas Areeg , Ellis Ian O , Rakha Emad A
Published: September 2024

Aims

The American Society of Clinical Oncology and College of American Pathologists HER2‐guidelines recommend repeat testing for most grade 1 mammary carcinomas that are HER2‐positive in the core biopsy. This study aimed to assess the value of repeat HER2‐testing and the histological features of HER2‐positive grade 1 carcinomas.

Methods and results

A case‐series of HER2‐results of grade 1 carcinomas was conducted of patients with no pre‐operative systemic treatment over a 5‐year period. HER2‐positive carcinomas had histological review. Twelve HER2‐positive carcinomas were initially reported as grade 1. On review, two were reclassified as grade 2. The remaining 10 carcinomas represented 2% of the 508 grade 1 carcinomas. Eight HER2‐positive grade 1 carcinomas from other years were also studied. HER2‐positive carcinomas more often had marked nuclear pleomorphism (50 versus 6%) and were more often oestrogen receptor‐negative (17 versus 0.8%) and progesterone receptor‐negative (28 versus 8%) compared with HER2‐negative grade 1 carcinomas. Six carcinomas that were HER2 3+ in the core biopsy were also 3+ on repeat assessment. Five of seven carcinomas that were 2+ amplified in the core biopsy were also HER2‐positive in the excision.

Conclusions

HER2‐positive grade 1 carcinomas are uncommon, and more often have marked nuclear pleomorphism and lack oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression compared with HER2‐negative grade 1 carcinomas. A HER2‐poitive result in the core biopsy was confirmed in 11 of 13 tumours that had repeat testing.
Application of the upcycling trend using ultrafiltrate of water from the production of collagen from fish skin in hair care cosmetics
Authors: Igielska‐Kalwat Joanna , Kilian‐Pięta Ewa , Siedlecki Maciej
Published: September 2024

The aim of the research problem of the article was to try to popularize the upcycling trend in the production of sustainable cosmetics and to confirm their effectiveness. The development of recycled raw materials is a new discovery in the chemical industry. Manufacturers emphasize the production of more environmentally friendly raw materials. Conscious consumers choose cosmetics whose production is based on sustainable development. Instead of throwing away waste from various industries, let us use it to produce active substances used in hair cosmetics. The production of the collagen series was created in accordance with the principles of upcycling, which involves obtaining collagen water, which is waste generated during the production of supplements. The main goal of the work was to learn cosmetic recipes for styling, washing and conditioning hair based on collagen waste, as well as to compare the results of people using the product in question. The aim of the study was also to demonstrate the effectiveness of the treatment in preventing split ends and hair breakage, usually caused by mechanical stress (brushing), as well as to confirm the effectiveness of other tests. The article presents procedures and parameters confirming the effectiveness of treatment with the tested hair products. The following tests were carried out: hair thickness and density, colour uniformity, shine factor and scalp hydration. All parameters numerically confirmed the beneficial effects of products containing collagen water used in hair care.
Health risk assessment of metal contamination in Malaysian rice (Oryza sativa): The impact of parboiling on toxic metal reduction prior to cooking
Authors: Goh Ngee Chuang , Noor Nurul Shahfiza , Mohamed Rafeezul , Tualeka Abdul Rohim , Zabidi Muhammad Azrul , Aziz Mohd Yusmaidie
Published: September 2024

Metal contamination in rice grains is a critical global issue, posing serious health risks and affecting food safety, especially in countries like Malaysia where rice is a staple food. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of various cooking treatments, with a focus on parboiling before absorption cooking (PBA), in reducing metal contamination in Malaysian rice. Metal levels were measured using tandem inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS/MS), and health risks were assessed following USEPA guidelines. Parboiling before absorption cooking was found to eliminate 77.9% of toxic metals and 68.4% of essential metals while keeping arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations below permissible limits. Deterministic health risk assessment indicated that PBA reduced hazard index by 84.5% and lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) from As exposure by 88.9%. Hazard quotient for nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) remained acceptable for all age groups except for As in children, where LCR exceeded permissible limits. Monte Carlo simulations revealed that over 95% of individuals across age groups faced unacceptable non‐carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from As exposure, regardless of cooking method. In conclusion, PBA effectively lowered metal concentrations and health risks, especially for toxic metals in rice. Future studies could enhance risk assessment accuracy by analysing metal bioavailability and speciation of metals particularly As.
Platform's preference information sharing in the presence of private label
Authors: Liu Xiaomin , Li Wenping
Published: September 2024

In recent years, platforms have launched their private labels based on valuable consumer data and efficient supply chains. At the same time, some platforms share consumers’ preference information to help manufacturers in producing suitable products. In this paper, we consider a scenario where a platform sells its private label product directly and the manufacturer sells its national brand product through the platform. This study mainly investigates the platform's preference‐sharing strategy. We find that a win–win situation between the platform and manufacturer occurs when the proportion taken by the platform is high, information accuracy is low, and adjustment cost is extremely low. Otherwise, a lose–win, win–lose, or lose–lose scenario may arise. Furthermore, when the adjustment cost is extremely high or low, information sharing can be arranged through some payments. Finally, the study demonstrates that sharing preference information can either increase or decrease consumer surplus and social welfare.
His‐bundle pacing from the right atrium: Solving pacemaker implantation challenges post‐TriClip
Authors: Onishi Yoshimi , Barengo Alberto , Fioravanti Francesco , Rampa Lorenzo , Paglino Gabriele , Della Bella Paolo
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This case report highlights the novel role of His‐bundle pacing (HBP) from right atrium, not just for preserving cardiac function, but also for avoiding interference with TriClip devices.

Methods and Results

A 78‐year‐old female with severe tricuspid regurgitation received two TriClip devices. Postprocedure, frequent significant sinus pauses required a pacemaker. HBP was chosen to avoid lead complications. Under local anesthesia, a His pacing lead was inserted via the axillary vein using specialized catheter. Follow‐ups over 2.5 years showed stable parameters with no complications.

Conclusion

HBP is effective for patients with TriClip devices, ensuring optimal cardiac function and lead stability.
Hair regrowth in alopecia areata and re‐pigmentation in vitiligo in response to treatment: Commonalities and differences
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroki L. , Yamaguchi Yuji , Peeva Elena
Published: September 2024

Both alopecia areata (AA) and vitiligo share common pathogenesis involving, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐15 (IL‐15) signalling pathways that activate cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes. These shared mechanisms may explain why both diseases respond to currently available treatments (e.g. topical/systemic corticosteroid) and emerging treatment modalities. As compared with the speed of re‐pigmentation in vitiligo lesions, the regeneration of pigmented terminal hair follicles in AA lesions appears fast in response to treatments targeting the inhibition of the Janus kinases (JAKs) and other kinases. We summarize the commonalities and differences between AA and vitiligo focusing on the treatment modalities, followed by recent findings associated with hair follicle stem cells (HFSC) in hair bulge (HBg) and melanocyte stem cells (McSC) in HBg and hair germ (HGm). We then discuss how HFSC and HGm‐McSC are involved in the initiation of anagen phase, followed by pigmented terminal hair regrowth in the recovering AA lesions in association with immunology. We also discuss how HBg‐McSC contribute to the migration of fully dendritic mature melanocytes into interfollicular epidermis and the equal distribution of melanin in recovering vitiligo lesions. Finally, we present four hypotheses to elucidate the delayed distribution of melanin by mature melanocytes in depigmented vitiligo lesions from the aspects of stem cell biology, as compared with quick hair recovery in AA: (1) McSC are less abundant than HFSC. (2) McSC require a long travel, whereas HFSC reside close to hair regeneration trigger point. (3) Keratinocyte scaffold to accept melanin is not well preserved, whereas scaffold for hair regrowth is well preserved. (4) Inhibitors targeting JAKs and other kinases have less direct effects on melanocyte proliferation and differentiation in vitiligo than hair regrowth in AA. Our review provides an overview of treatment modalities and bridges the gap between scientific advancement and clinical practice in AA and vitiligo management.
Dietetic research involvement is associated with the European region where a dietitian is working and their highest degree qualification
Authors: Eglseer Doris , Joossens Sofie B. A. , Kontogianni Meropi D. , O'Reilly Sharleen L. ,   EFAD Research and Evidence Based Practice Committee
Published: September 2024

Background

Research is the foundation of the dietetic profession and of evidence‐based guidelines/practice. The present study aimed to examine the level of research involvement among dietitians in Europe.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among dietitians across Europe using the validated Research Involvement Questionnaire (RIQ), which assigns participants to four levels of research involvement. The survey link was distributed through various channels; for example, National Dietetic Association (NDA) members of European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians (EFAD), the EFAD eNewsletter, national newsletters, etc. Data were analysed with SPSS, using descriptive statistics, statistical tests and ordinal logistic regression analysis with the level of research involvement as the dependent variable.

Results

In total, 257 European dietitians completed the survey (84.6% female). Most participants held a Master's degree (46.1%), followed by a Bachelor's degree (27.3%) or Doctorate (25.7%). One‐third of participants were involved at level 3 or 4 (leading research, leadership in research), whereas most were involved at level 1 (evidence‐based practice) or 2 (collaboration in research). The multivariate regression analysis showed that dietitians' research involvement was higher in dietitians with a Doctorate and in Northern/Southern Europe compared to Eastern/Western Europe.

Conclusions

Dietitians have low levels of research involvement in practice even when highly qualified. Interventions to motivate dietitians to be more involved in research projects are important, as well as interventions to facilitate dietitians' research activities. This would inform the discipline's evidence base, strengthen the professional status of dietitians and increase their reputation within the healthcare sector.
The opportunities and limits of open science for LGBTIQ+ research
Authors: Leskinen Emily A. , Horne Sharon G. , Ryan William S. , van der Toorn Jojanneke
Published: September 2024

The open science (OS) movement has the potential to fundamentally shape how researchers conduct research and distribute findings. However, the implications for research on lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, intersex, and queer/questioning (LGBTIQ+) experiences present unique considerations. In this paper, included in the special issue on Reimagining LGBTIQ+ Research, we explore how the OS movement broadens access to and comprehension of LGBTIQ+ experiences while simultaneously imposing limitations on the representation of these identities and raising concerns about risks to LGBTIQ+ researchers and participants. Our research focuses on three facets of the OS movement. First, we examine practices related to open data, which advocates that data should be accessible to other researchers to analyze. Yet, providing access to such data challenges may compromise trust between the research team and study participants. Second, we examine practices related to open replicable research, particularly as it has the potential to both highlight and erase the experiences of groups within the LGBTIQ+ community. Finally, we consider how open access, making scholarly articles free to the public, may help educate a broader audience on the lived experiences of LGBTIQ+ people, but in regions where these identities remain heavily stigmatized and/or criminalized, access may be blocked or individuals could be penalized for retrieving this information.
A stomate by any other name? The open question of hornwort gametophytic pores, their homology, and implications for the evolution of stomates
Authors: Fortin James Paul , Friedman William E.
Published: September 2024

Advances in bryophyte genomics and the phylogenetic recovery of hornworts, mosses, and liverworts as a clade have spurred considerable recent interest in character evolution among early embryophytes. Discussion of stomatal evolution, however, has been incomplete; the result of the neglect of certain potential stomate homologues, namely the two‐celled epidermal gametophytic pores of hornworts (typically referred to as ‘mucilage clefts’). Confusion over the potential homology of these structures is the consequence of a relatively recent consensus that hornwort gametophytic pores (‘HGPs’ – our term) are not homologous to stomates. We explore the occurrence and diverse functions of stomates throughout the evolutionary history and diversity of extinct and extant embryophytes. We then address arguments for and against homology between known sporophyte‐ and gametophyte‐borne stomates and HGPs and conclude that there is little to no evidence that contradicts the hypothesis of homology. We propose that ‘intergenerational heterotopy’ might well account for the novel expression of stomates in gametophytes of hornworts, if stomates first evolved in the sporophyte generation of embryophytes. We then explore phylogenetically based hypotheses for the evolution of stomates in both the gametophyte and sporophyte generations of early lineages of embryophytes.
Unravelling drivers of local adaptation through evolutionary functional–structural plant modelling
Authors: de Vries Jorad , Fior Simone , Pålsson Aksel , Widmer Alex , Alexander Jake M.
Published: September 2024

Local adaptation to contrasting environmental conditions along environmental gradients is a widespread phenomenon in plant populations, yet we lack a mechanistic understanding of how individual agents of selection contribute to this evolutionary process.

Here, we developed a novel evolutionary functional–structural plant (E‐FSP) model that recreates local adaptation of virtual plants along an environmental gradient. First, we validate the model by testing if it can reproduce two elevational ecotypes of Dianthus carthusianorum occurring in the Swiss Alps. Second, we use the E‐FSP model to disentangle the relative contribution of abiotic (temperature) and biotic (competition and pollination) selection pressures to elevational adaptation in D. carthusianorum.

Our results suggest that elevational adaptation in D. carthusianorum is predominantly driven by the abiotic environment. The model reproduced the qualitative differences between the elevational ecotypes in two phenological (germination and flowering time) and one morphological trait (stalk height), as well as qualitative differences in four performance variables that emerge from G × E interactions (flowering time, number of stalks, rosette area and seed production).

Our approach shows how E‐FSP models incorporating physiological, ecological and evolutionary mechanisms can be used in combination with experiments to examine hypotheses about patterns of adaptation observed in the field.
Variation of chin morphology and mandibular incisor length in different facial divergence patterns: New insights from CBCT records
Authors: Ghafari Joseph G. , Ziade Eliane G. , Kassab Ammar , Saadeh Maria , Macari Anthony T.
Published: September 2024

Aim

Evaluate constitutional differences in chin morphology and volume, and mandibular tooth size, between different facial divergence patterns.

Materials and Methods

The sample consisted of 284 pretreatment cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of growing and non‐growing patients who were stratified into 4 groups based on mandibular plane inclination to cranial base (SN) angle. Linear and angular measurements were made on the lateral CBCT images: mandibular lateral incisor crown (I‐C) total (I‐A) lengths, the distances between point D (centre of symphysis) and both incisor apex (D‐A) and menton (D‐Me) and between cemento‐enamel junction and menton (CEJ‐Me); chin width at the level of the central incisor apex (CWA) and point D (CWD); and the angles of the anterior and posterior symphyseal slopes. The volume of the symphysis was measured using a specialized 3D imaging software. Group differences and associations between parameters were gauged through the three‐way ANOVA analysis.

Results

I‐C, I‐A, D‐A, D‐Me and CEJ‐Me were greater in the hyperdivergent group (p < .001). CWA and CWD were wider in the hypodivergent group (p = .003). Volume of the chin and inter‐slope angles were similar in all groups (p > .05). The anterior slope angle decreased with hyperdivegence (p < .005) in opposite pattern to the posterior slope angle (p < .005).

Conclusions

Shape differences in mandibular symphysis were observed between opposite divergence patterns. Mandibular incisors were longer with hyperdivergence and shorter with hypodivergence. However, chin volumes were similar across divergence groups. These findings underline the role of genetic and environmental factors that impact facial growth.