bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single, high‐dose local injection of bFGF improves thyroarytenoid muscle atrophy after paralysis
Authors: Goto Takao , Ueha Rumi , Sato Taku , Fujimaki Yoko , Nito Takaharu , Yamasoba Tatsuya
Published: February 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis

Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) induces hoarseness due to progressive atrophy of the denervated thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle. Therefore, treatments aimed at regenerating the atrophied TA muscle are required. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is involved in muscle development and regeneration. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of bFGF injection on atrophied TA muscle.

Study Design

Animal research.

Methods

A recurrent laryngeal nerve–paralysis rat model was established, and low‐ (200 ng) or high‐dose (2,000 ng) bFGF or saline (control) was injected into the TA muscle 28 days later. The larynges were excised on day 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 after treatment. The cross‐sectional area of the TA muscle in normal and paralyzed sides was compared, and the Ki67‐positive (Ki67+) dividing cells, paired box 7–positive (Pax7+) satellite cells (SCs), and myogenic differentiation–positive (MyoD+) myoblasts were counted.

Results

The TA muscle area of animals administered high‐dose bFGF increased with time and was significantly larger than that of the saline‐injected controls 28 days after treatment (P < .05). The counts of Ki67+ and Pax7+ cells were the highest on day 1, whereas the MyoD+ myoblast count was highest on day 7. These results suggest that bFGF administration into the denervated TA muscles compensated for the atrophied TA muscles by inducing proliferation of SCs and their differentiation to myoblasts.

Conclusions

A single injection of high‐dose bFGF augmented regeneration and differentiation of the atrophied TA muscle by enhancing proliferation and differentiation of muscle SCs, suggesting its possible clinical application in humans with UVFP.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 130:159–165, 2020
Near‐infrared multispectral endoscopic imaging of deep artificial interproximal lesions in extracted teeth
Authors: Zhou Yaxuan , Lee Robert C. , Finkleman Sara , Sadr Alizera , Seibel Eric J.
Published: February 2019

Background and Objective

A safer alternative method to radiographic imaging is needed. We present a multispectral near‐infrared scanning fiber endoscope (nirSFE) for dental imaging which is designed to be the smallest imaging probe with near‐infrared (NIR) imaging (1200–2000 nm).

Materials and Methods

The prototype nirSFE is designed for wide‐field forward viewing of scanned laser illumination at 1310, 1460, or 1550 nm. Artificial lesions with varying sizes and locations were prepared on proximal surfaces of extracted human teeth to examine capability and limitation of this new dental imaging modality. Nineteen artificial interproximal lesions and several natural occlusal lesions on extracted teeth were imaged with nirSFE, OCT, and microCT.

Results

Our nirSFE system has a flexible shaft as well as a probe tip with diameter of 1.6 mm and a rigid length of 9 mm. The small form factor and multispectral NIR imaging capability enables multiple viewing angles and reliable detection of lesions that can extend into the dentin. Among nineteen artificial interproximal lesions, the nirSFE reflectance imaging operating at 1460‐nm and OCT operating at 1310‐nm scanned illumination exhibited high sensitivity for interproximal lesions that were closer to occlusal surface. Diagnosis from a non‐blinded trained user by looking at real‐time occlusal‐side nirSFE videos indicate true positive rate of 78.9%. There were no false positives.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that nirSFE may be used for detecting occlusal lesions and interproximal lesions located less than 4 mm under the occlusal surface. Major advantages of this imaging system include multiple viewing angles due to flexibility and small form factor, as well as the ability to capture real‐time video. The multispectral nirSFE has the potential to be employed as a low‐cost dental camera for detecting dental lesions without exposure to ionizing radiation. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:459–465, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Age differences in photodynamic therapy‐mediated opening of the blood‐brain barrier through the optical clearing skull window in mice
Authors: Zhang Chao , Feng Wei , Li Yusha , Kürths Jurgen , Yu Tingting , Semyachkina‐Glushkovskaya Oxana , Zhu Dan
Published: February 2019

Background

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a minimally invasive therapeutic tool, has been an important option for post‐surgical treatment of malignant gliomas (MGs) in both adult and young patients. Recent studies have shown that PDT can also open the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). However, there are no optimized parameters of PDT for patients at different ages. To determine whether there are age differences in PDT effects on the BBB, we studied PDT‐related BBB opening through the optical clearing skull window in healthy 4‐ and 8‐week‐old mice.

Methods

In this work, we realized BBB opening by combining PDT with the optical clearing skull window by using different radiant exposures (635 nm, 10–20–30–40 J/cm2) and 5‐aminole‐vulinic acid (5‐ALA, 20 mg/kg). Then, we evaluated BBB permeability by: (i) spectrofluorimetric measuring of Evans Blue dye (EBd) leakage; (ii) confocal imaging of 70 kDa FITC‐dextran extravasation and the BBB integrity; and (iii) histological analysis of brain tissues.

Results

Using the skull optical clearing method, we demonstrated PDT‐induced BBB opening to EBd and FITC‐dextran in a radiant exposure manner. The histological analysis revealed the different severities of vasogenic edema corresponding to radiant exposures. Besides, the PDT‐related increase in the BBB permeability to high weight molecules (EBd and FITC‐dextran) and solutes (vasogenic edema) was more pronounced in 4‐week‐old mice than in 8‐week‐old mice.

Conclusions

The more pronounced PDT‐induced BBB disruption in juvenile mice compared with adult mice suggests age differences in PDT‐related BBB opening. This might be an important informative platform for a new application of PDT as a method for brain drug delivery, especially for post‐surgical treatment of MGs. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surface Modification of Multiple Bioactive Peptides to Improve Endothelialization of Vascular Grafts
Authors: Peng Ge , Yao Danyu , Niu Yimeng , Liu Haifeng , Fan Yubo
Published: February 2019

Endothelialization is an effective approach to prevent thrombus formation and enhance vascular graft survival. Surface modification of biomolecules has been proved to be effective in regulating endothelial cell behaviors. In this study, several peptides including YIGSR, RGD, and REDV sequences are covalently immobilized on the surface of electrospun silk fibroin scaffolds and the effects of combined application of these peptides on cell behaviors are studied. The results show that, compared with the scaffolds modified with single peptides, the scaffolds modified with dual peptides (YIGSR+RGD) could significantly enhance the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, the combination of REDV+RGD or YIGSR+REDV does not promote the adhesion or proliferation of HUVECs. Notably, YIGSR‐modified scaffolds improved HUVEC migration significantly in comparison to REDV‐ or RGD‐modified groups. Moreover, its combination with either of these two peptides also presents excellent effect on cell migration. Thus, all the data suggest that the combined application of peptides might be a promising method to enhance the endothelialization of small‐diameter vascular grafts.
Comparative genomics of Paraburkholderia kururiensis and its potential in bioremediation, biofertilization, and biocontrol of plant pathogens
Authors: Dias Graciela M. , de Sousa Pires Araceli , Grilo Vinicius S. , Castro Michele R. , de Figueiredo Vilela Leonardo , Neves Bianca C.
Published: February 2019

Burkholderia harbors versatile Gram‐negative species and is β‐Proteobacteria. Recently, it was proposed to split the genus in two main branches: one of animal and plant pathogens and another, Paraburkholderia, harboring environmental and plant‐beneficial species. Currently, Paraburkholderia comprises more than 70 species with ability to occupy very diverse environmental niches. Herein, we sequenced and analyzed the genome of Paraburkholderia kururiensis type strain KP23T, and compared to P. kururiensis M130, isolated in Brazil, and P. kururiensis susbp. thiooxydans, from Korea. This study focused on the gene content of the three genomes with special emphasis on their potential of plant‐association, biocontrol, and bioremediation. The comparative analyses revealed several genes related to plant benefits, including biosynthesis of IAA, ACC deaminase, multiple efflux pumps, dioxygenases, and degradation of aromatic compounds. Importantly, a range of genes for protein secretion systems (type III, IV, V, and VI) were characterized, potentially involved in P. kururiensis well documented ability to establish endophytic association with plants. These findings shed light onto bacteria‐plant interaction mechanisms at molecular level, adding novel information that supports their potential application in bioremediation, biofertilization, and biocontrol of plant pathogens. P. kururiensis emerges as a promising model to investigate adaptation mechanisms in different ecological niches.
Asymptotic analysis for Cahn–Hilliard type phase‐field systems related to tumor growth in general domains
Authors: Kurima Shunsuke
Published: February 2019

This article considers a limit system by passing to the limit in the following Cahn–Hilliard type phase‐field system related to tumor growth as β↘0:

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma5520:mma5520-math-0001
in a bounded or an unbounded domain
with smooth‐bounded boundary. Here,
, T > 0, α > 0, β > 0, p ≥ 0, B is a maximal monotone graph, and π is a Lipschitz continuous function. In the case that Ω is a bounded domain, p and −Δ + 1 are replaced with p(φβ) and −Δ, respectively, and p is a Lipschitz continuous function; Colli, Gilardi, Rocca, and Sprekels (Discrete Contin Dyn Syst Ser S 2017; 10:37–54) have proved existence of solutions to the limit problem with this approach by applying the Aubin–Lions lemma for the compact embedding H1(Ω)↪L2(Ω) and the continuous embedding L2(Ω)↪(H1(Ω))∗. However, the Aubin–Lions lemma cannot be applied directly when Ω is an unbounded domain. The present work establishes existence of weak solutions to the limit problem along with uniqueness and error estimates in terms of the parameter β↘0. To this end, we construct an applicable theory by noting that the embedding H1(Ω)↪L2(Ω) is not compact in the case that Ω is an unbounded domain.
A compact W‐band mixer‐first receiver in 65 nm CMOS
Authors: Nam Hyohyun , Go Dong‐Sik , Park Jung‐Dong
Published: February 2019

We present a compact W‐band mixer‐first receiver consisting of a passive single‐balanced mixer, on‐chip balun, and a variable gain amplifier with 1.9 GHz of bandwidth over a gain range of 36 dB in 65 nm CMOS. The W‐band front‐end has been implemented aiming at a compact frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave (FMCW) radar as a proximity sensor, and a down‐converting chain for a total power radiometer combined with external low noise amplifier. The measured gain of the W‐band receiver is 25 dB, and the receiver achieves 2.57 dBm of IIP3. The integrated receiver consumes 14.56 mA from a supply voltage of 1.2 V, and the core chip occupies only 0.39 mm2.
Quasi‐elliptical band‐pass filters based on compact spiral resonators for C‐band applications
Authors: Cidronali Alessandro , Collodi Giovanni , Maddio Stefano , Pelosi Giuseppe , Selleri Stefano
Published: February 2019

This letter proposes a quasi‐elliptical passband filter in via‐less microstrip technology. The filter is based on the Archimedean spiral, enabling a compact and low‐loss response with sharp transitions to stop bands. The developed filters fabricated on a commercial substrate, present losses below 2 dB within a 3 dB bandwidth of 500 MHz, and isolation exceeding 20 dB. Its extremely compact dimension, about , and the low‐cost of fabrication, permits the integration within compact front‐end PCB.
Investigation of magnetic resonance coupling circuit topologies for wireless power transmission
Authors: Wang Jingchen , Leach Mark , Lim Eng Gee , Wang Zhao , Huang Yi
Published: February 2019

Magnetic resonance coupling circuits have four general topologies; however, there is a lack of comprehensive theoretical analysis with experimental verification for each of these topologies regarding their attractiveness for wireless power transfer (WPT). This article provides this for each of the four topologies to fully understand their differences and allow the selection of the most appropriate type based on system requirements. In addition, a problem associated with the resonance coupling method is the phenomenon of frequency splitting, which can lead to a high‐power transfer efficiency but low‐load power at the resonant frequency. Reasons for frequency splitting and methods of circumventing the problem will be illustrated in this article. Of the four topologies, the series‐parallel (SP) (input‐output) circuit configuration is the most efficient for the realization of a WPT system with a large load impedance, in terms of achieving both a high power transfer efficiency and high‐load power.
Compact quad‐band second harmonic antenna based on metamaterial DRA load
Authors: Pedram Kumars , Naderi Mohammad , Jafari Fereshteh Sadat , Zarrabi Ferdows B.
Published: February 2019

We have developed a compact antenna for wireless applications with a new shape and special attribute. It is a dual‐band antenna with a second harmonic characteristic. The antenna has a special shape of the dielectric resonator with metamaterial meandered composite right/left‐hand (CRLH) structure. The Microstrip ring antenna is the right‐hand part. We used the Microstrip meandered line via inductance for the unit cells to achieve a circular polarization and to change the current distribution at the surface of the antenna. We added a parasitic ring to the antenna to achieve the second harmonic resonance. We have connected three unit cells at the 120° angle. This special shape provides the circular polarization and compact size. The antenna has quad‐band at the first harmonic, and the resonances occurred at 2.25 and 2.8 GHz. The second harmonics happened at 4.5 and 5.6 GHz.
Optimal repetition time for free breathing myocardial arterial spin labeling
Authors: Aramendía‐Vidaurreta Verónica , García‐Osés Alejandro , Vidorreta Marta , Bastarrika Gorka , Fernández‐Seara María A.
Published: February 2019

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) offers a noninvasive and repeatable measurement of tissue blood flow, but its application in the human heart is still challenging. The aim of this study was to improve the scan efficiency of flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) ASL using a single inversion time. First, by evaluating a free breathing acquisition without navigators. Second, by shortening TR to acquire more ASL pairs.

A FAIR ASL with balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) readout was implemented at 3 T and tested in 14 healthy volunteers. Three cardiac‐triggered ASL scans with different TRs were compared while maintaining a constant acquisition time. These scans were named by the trigger pulse (TP) that started each acquisition: every two (TP1), four (TP2) and six (TP3) cardiac cycles. Two studies were performed on different days to assess the reproducibility of TP2 and TP3 scans. Perfusion response during passive leg raising was also evaluated. Student t‐test and nonparametric equivalent were computed for perfusion differences. Bland–Altman and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated for the reproducibility assessment.

Mean myocardial blood flow (MBF) values measured at rest were: 1.47 ± 0.91 ml/g/min (TP1), 1.95 ± 0.93 ml/g/min (TP2) and 1.94 ± 1.41 ml/g/min (TP3). Intrasession CV was 17.15% (TP2) and 24.17% (TP3) and intersession CV was 36.86% (TP2) and 18.38% (TP3). Mean MBF was found to increase with passive stress by 0.22 ± 0.41 ml/g/min for TP2 (P = 0.037).

Mean MBF values were consistent with the literature, although in the high end of the normal range. The lower MBF values measured in TP1 scans are attributable to saturation of blood outside the slice because of shorter TR. Free breathing FAIR cardiac ASL without navigators is feasible. A TR of approximately four seconds (TP2) offers the best alternative with similar mean ASL and tSNR than longer TR acquisitions.
Novel Fiber Grating for Sensing Applications
Authors: Fu Dongxue , Zhang Ya‐nan , Zhang Aozhuo , Han Bo , Wu Qilu , Zhao Yong
Published: February 2019

This review covers some kinds of novel fiber grating and their applications in sensing fields. According to the fiber structures, these novel fiber grating sensors are divided into five types: single mode fiber grating sensors, few‐mode fiber grating sensors, multi‐core fiber grating sensors, photonic crystal fiber grating sensors, and D‐shaped fiber grating sensors. For each kind of fiber grating sensor, both long period fiber grating sensors and fiber Bragg grating sensors are introduced separately, along with their structures, sensing applications, corresponding sensing characteristics, and the advantages and disadvantages in sensing applications.
Synthesis of ZnO Nanocrystals in SiO2/Si Track Template: Effect of Electrodeposition Parameters on Structure
Authors: Dauletbekova Alma , Vlasukova Liudmila , Baimukhanov Zein , Akilbekov Abdirash , Kozlovskyi Artem , Giniyatova Sholpan , Seitbayev Aibek , Usseinov Abai , Akylbekova Aiman
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a study of nanoclusters obtained by electrochemical deposition (ECD) of zinc in the a‐SiO2/Si‐n track template. The nanoporous SiO2 layer on Si substrate (track template) has been created by irradiation with swift Xe ions and further etching in HF solution. The morphology of SiO2/Si‐n track templates and precipitated Zn‐based clusters are examined using a scanning electron microscope JSM 7500F. The crystallographic structure of the Zn‐based precipitates was investigated by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD). X‐ray analysis is carried out on a D8 ADVANCE ECO X‐ray diffractometer. The Bruker AXSDIFFRAC.EVAv.4.2 software and the international ICDD PDF‐2 database are used to identify the phases and study the crystal structure. From XRD data, it has been found the formation of three crystalline phases of zinc oxide nanocrystals electro‐deposited into SiO2/Si track template: wurtzite, sphalerite, and rock salt structures. Wurtzite is obtained on an amorphous surface of silicon dioxide. Possible mechanisms of ZnO formation instead of metal Zn nanocrystals are discussed.
Stem-Cell Therapy for Esophageal Anastomotic Leakage by Autografting Stromal Cells in Fibrin Scaffold
Authors: Xue Xiang , Yan Yan , Ma Ye , Yuan Yang , Li Chunguang , Lang Xilong , Xu Zhiyun , Chen Hezhong , Zhang Hao
Published: February 2019

Esophageal anastomotic leakage (EAL) is a devastating complication for esophagectomy but the available therapies are unsatisfactory. Due to the healing effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and supporting capability of fibrin scaffold (FS), we evaluated the efficacy of a stem-cell therapy for EAL by engrafting adult and autologous MSCs (AAMSCs) in FS and investigated the potential mechanism. Twenty-one rabbits were assigned to AAMSC/FS group (n = 12) and control group (n = 9). After harvested, AAMSCs were identified and then labeled with lenti.GFP. To construct EAL model, a polyethylene tube was indwelled through the anastomosis for 1 week. A total of 2 × 106 AAMSCs in 0.2 ml FS were engrafted onto the EAL for the AAMSC/FS group, whereas FS was injected for control. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination was performed after 5 weeks. Esophageal tissues were harvested for macroscopic, histological analyses, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry at 8 weeks. The animal model of EAL was established successfully. MRI scanning revealed a decreased inflammation reaction in AAMSC/FS group. Accordingly, AAMSC/FS group presented a higher closure rate (83.3% vs. 11.1%, p = .02) and lower infection rate (33.3% vs. 88.9%, p = .02). Histological analyses showed the autografted MSCs resided in the injection site. Furthermore, milder inflammation responses and less collagen deposition were observed in AAMSC/FS group. Western blot and immunohistochemistry studies suggested that the therapeutic effect might be related to the secretions of IL-10 and MMP-9. Engrafting AAMSCs in FS could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of EAL by suppressing inflammation response and alleviating fibrosis progression. Stem Cells Translational Medicine  2019;8:548–556
Synthesis of Aroylbenzoate‐Based Push‐Pull Molecules for OFET Applications
Authors: Devibala Panneerselvam , Dheepika Ramachandran , Vadivelu Prabha , Nagarajan Samuthira
Published: February 2019

Solution‐processable organic semiconductors have attracted great attention in recent years, because of their performance and reliability in potential applications. Here, we report the solution processable donor‐acceptor (D−A) conjugated molecules comprised of aroylbenzoate as acceptor, triarylamine or methoxyphenyl groups as donor and ethynyl spacer. Molecules with triarylamine donor exhibited strong absorption at 350–380 nm. HOMO levels around 5.5 eV ensures low barrier for hole injection. Optimized geometry and charge distribution over the molecules are visualized by density functional theory (DFT). Organic field effect transistors of these molecules are fabricated with bottom gate‐top contact configuration. The devices exhibited charge carrier mobility up to 2.16 × 10−3 cm2 V–1 s–1 and ON/OFF of 104 with low threshold voltage of −3.2 V.
Sodium Formate‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Spiro[indoline‐3,5′‐pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine]/Spiro[acenaphthylene‐1,5′‐pyrido[2,3‐d]‐pyrimidine] Derivatives
Authors: Nurjamal Khondekar , Brahmachari Goutam
Published: February 2019

A simple, straightforward, and eco‐friendly protocol for one‐pot synthesis of a new series of diversely functionalized spiro[indoline‐3,5′‐pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines] (4)/spiro[acenaphthylene‐1,5′‐pyrido[2,3‐d]‐pyrimidines] (5/5′) has been developed based on a three‐component reaction between isatins (1)/ acenaphthylene‐1,2‐dione (1′), malononitrile (2)/2‐(phenylsulfonyl)acetonitrile (2′) and 6‐aminouracils (3)/6‐aminothiouracil (3′) in aqueous ethanol under reflux using sodium formate as cheap and non‐toxic organocatalyst. Metal‐free synthesis, one‐pot MCR strategy, good to excellent yields, high atom‐economy and eco‐friendliness are the key advantages of this protocol.
3D Printing Artificial Blood Vessel Constructs Using PCL/Chitosan/Hydrogel Biocomposites
Authors: Ulag Songul , Kalkandelen Cevriye , Oktar Faik Nuzhet , Uzun Muhammet , Sahin Yesim Muge , Karademir Betul , Arslan Sema , Ozbolat Ibrahim Tarik , Mahirogullari Mahir , Gunduz Oguzhan
Published: February 2019

The present paper aims to overcome the problems related to previous use of autologous grafts using available synthetic grafts. To examine the optimum of the ideal vessel‐like constructs parameters are produced at 230 °C. At this production temperature, the elastic modulus values of the constructs ranges from 56 MPa to 174 MPa. The maximum cell proliferation is obtained from PCL/7wt.%CS/5wt.%H that is tested by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. The structures are visualized with all constructs after cell fixation by making use of the HUVEC cell line.
Facile and Sensitive Fluorescence Assay of DNA Polymerase Activity Using Cu2+ and Ascorbate as Signal Developers
Authors: Zhang Xingxing , Liu Qiang , Jin Yan , Li Baoxin
Published: February 2019

We report herein a label‐free and turn‐on fluorescence approach for detecting DNA polymerase activity. In the presence of DNA polymerase, the DNA primer could be elongated to produce one long double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA). Then, the produced dsDNA acted as the template for in‐situ synthesizing fluorescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) via Cu2+–ascorbate reaction (10 min at room temperature), and the fluorescent intensity of the CuNCs was used to quantify the activity of DNA polymerase. In this strategy, cheap CuSO4 and ascorbate acted as fluorescence developers, so this method is low‐cost and easy to carry out. Interestingly, based on the sequence‐dependent fluorescence of DNA‐templated CuNCs, we rationally designed the sequence of DNA substrate to decrease the background and increase the signal of this assay. Therefore, this proposed method exhibited a high sensitivity toward DNA polymerase, and the limit of detection was 3.7×10–7 U/μL for Klenow Fragment (KF) polymerase. The strategy suggests a “mix‐and‐detect” homogenous assay format without precipitation, separation and washing. The whole process (including enzyme reaction and synthesizing CuNCs) can be completed in a single tube. This fluorescence method is low‐cost and simple, and shows potential application in some biomedical studies and clinical diagnostics.
Solvent‐Assistant Purification for the Synthesis of Indole Derivatives Catalyzed by Solid Acid
Authors: Hua Lezhou , Geng Yanyan , Wang Wen , Feng Juhong , Ma Zhong‐Hua
Published: February 2019

Traditional methods of isolating product from reaction mixture via chromatography or recrystallization suffer disadvantages of generation of waste like silica gels and toxic organic solvents, time‐ and labor‐consuming procedure. To solve the problem, a product purification strategy has been developed based on the solubility control of the products in water‐containing solvents, with the use of hydrophobic solid acid as catalyst. The method provides up to 99% LC‐purity for 34 indole derivatives in the Michael addition and condensation reaction. The formation of the agglomeration between products and hydrophobic solid catalyst plays important role.
Solvent‐Promoted Catalyst‐Free Nucleophilic Fluoroalkylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Komoda Kazuki , Shimokawa Ai , Amii Hideki
Published: February 2019

Fluoroalkyl silanes are useful building blocks for nucleophilic introduction of fluoroalkyl groups into organic molecules. In general, fluoroalkyl silanes per se are stable compounds, but they are amenable to reactions as fluoroalkyl anion equivalents in the presence of base such as fluoride ion. Usually, KF acts as a good catalyst for nucleophilic fluoroalkylation of carbonyl compounds. To avoid the use of hygroscopic fluoride salts, we have developed a convenient catalyst‐free method for nucleophilic fluoroalkylation of aldehydes and ketones by the use of fluoroalkyl silanes. Trifluoromethyl(trimethyl)silane (Me3Si‐CF3), and other fluoroalkyl silanes (Me3Si‐Rf) underwent solvent‐promoted nucleophilic addition to aldehydes smoothly to give fluoroalkylated alcohols in good yields. In the present reactions, the use of polar solvents such as DMSO, DMF or NMP is essential to the formation of 1,2‐adducts.
A secure fog‐based platform for SCADA‐based IoT critical infrastructure
Authors: Baker Thar , Asim Muhammad , MacDermott Áine , Iqbal Farkhund , Kamoun Faouzi , Shah Babar , Alfandi Omar , Hammoudeh Mohammad
Published: February 2019

The rapid proliferation of Internet of things (IoT) devices, such as smart meters and water valves, into industrial critical infrastructures and control systems has put stringent performance and scalability requirements on modern Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. While cloud computing has enabled modern SCADA systems to cope with the increasing amount of data generated by sensors, actuators, and control devices, there has been a growing interest recently to deploy edge data centers in fog architectures to secure low‐latency and enhanced security for mission‐critical data. However, fog security and privacy for SCADA‐based IoT critical infrastructures remains an under‐researched area. To address this challenge, this contribution proposes a novel security “toolbox” to reinforce the integrity, security, and privacy of SCADA‐based IoT critical infrastructure at the fog layer. The toolbox incorporates a key feature: a cryptographic‐based access approach to the cloud services using identity‐based cryptography and signature schemes at the fog layer. We present the implementation details of a prototype for our proposed secure fog‐based platform and provide performance evaluation results to demonstrate the appropriateness of the proposed platform in a real‐world scenario. These results can pave the way toward the development of a more secure and trusted SCADA‐based IoT critical infrastructure, which is essential to counter cyber threats against next‐generation critical infrastructure and industrial control systems. The results from the experiments demonstrate a superior performance of the secure fog‐based platform, which is around 2.8 seconds when adding five virtual machines (VMs), 3.2 seconds when adding 10 VMs, and 112 seconds when adding 1000 VMs, compared to the multilevel user access control platform.
Outcome of non‐visualization of fetal gallbladder on second‐trimester ultrasound: cohort study and systematic review of literature
Authors: Di Pasquo E. , Kuleva M. , Rousseau A. , Vitucci A. , Sonigo P. , Chardot C. , Salomon L. J. , Ville Y.
Published: February 2019

Objectives

To investigate the ultrasound characteristics and outcome of fetuses with non‐visualization of the fetal gallbladder (NVFGB) followed in our tertiary university hospital, and to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on prenatal findings and outcome of NVFGB.

Methods

NVFGB was defined as non‐visualization of the gallbladder on two targeted ultrasound examinations performed within a 1‐week period. First, we reviewed the medical records of NVFGB cases managed in our center over a 9‐year period. Then, we performed a systematic review of the literature to identify studies on NVFGB. The incidence of chromosomal anomalies, later visualization of the gallbladder, gallbladder agenesis, cystic fibrosis and biliary atresia was assessed in fetuses with isolated and non‐isolated NVFGB. The role of hepatic enzyme measurements in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and biliary atresia in fetuses with NVFGB was also reviewed.

Results

Sixteen cases of NVFGB were followed in our center, in 10 (62.5%) of which it was an isolated finding. The incidence of biliary atresia was 12.5% and that of gallbladder agenesis was 12.5%, while no case of cystic fibrosis was reported. The gallbladder was visualized later in pregnancy or postnatally in 43.8% and 25.0% of cases, respectively. A total of seven studies, including our cohort, involving a total of 280 NVFGB cases, met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Overall, 20.5% of fetuses had an associated ultrasound anomaly, and the incidence of chromosomal anomaly in this group was 20.4%. In cases with isolated NVFGB, the incidence of chromosomal anomaly was 1.9%. In fetuses with normal karyotype and isolated NVFGB, the gallbladder was later visualized in 70.4% of cases, while the incidence of gallbladder agenesis, cystic fibrosis and biliary atresia was 25.2%, 3.1% and 4.8%, respectively. In fetuses with non‐isolated NVFGB, the incidence of cystic fibrosis and biliary atresia was 23.1% and 18.2%, respectively. The negative predictive value of amniotic fluid enzyme levels for the prediction of severe disease (including biliary atresia or cystic fibrosis) ranged between 94% and 100% when evaluated before 22 weeks' gestation, and dropped to 88% after 22 weeks.

Conclusions

In cases with persistent NVFGB, the risk of a severe postnatal condition should be considered. A detailed ultrasound scan should be offered and parents tested for cystic fibrosis gene mutation. An invasive procedure for karyotyping and measurement of liver enzyme concentrations before 22 weeks constitutes a reasonable work‐up. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
On asymptotic symmetries of 3d extended supergravities
Authors: Poojary Rohan R. , Suryanarayana Nemani V.
Published: February 2019

Abstract

We study asymptotic symmetry algebras for classes of three dimensional supergravities with and without cosmological constant. In the first part we generalise some of the non-dirichlet boundary conditions of AdS
3 gravity to extended supergravity theories, and compute their asymptotic symmetries. In particular, we show that the boundary conditions proposed to holographically describe the chiral induced gravity and Liouville gravity do admit extension to the supergravity contexts with appropriate superalgebras as their asymptotic symmetry algebras. In the second part we consider generalisation of the 3d BMS computation to extended supergravities without cosmological constant, and show that their asymptotic symmetry algebras provide examples of nonlinear extended superalgebras containing the BMS
3 algebra.
Four-loop quark form factor with quartic fundamental colour factor
Authors: Lee Roman N. , Smirnov Alexander V. , Smirnov Vladimir A. , Steinhauser Matthias
Published: February 2019

Abstract

We analytically compute the four-loop QCD corrections for the colour structure (dFabcd)2to the massless non-singlet quark form factor. The computation involves non-trivial non-planar integral families which have master integrals in the top sector. We compute the master integrals by introducing a second mass scale and solving differential equations with respect to the ratio of the two scales. We present details of our calculational procedure. Analytical results for the cusp and collinear anomalous dimensions, and the finite part of the form factor are presented. We also provide analytic results for all master integrals expanded up to weight eight.
T[SU(N)] duality webs: mirror symmetry, spectral duality and gauge/CFT correspondences
Authors: Nedelin Anton , Pasquetti Sara , Zenkevich Yegor
Published: February 2019

Abstract

We study various duality webs involving the 3d FT[SU(N)] theory, a close relative of the T[SU(N)] quiver tail. We first map the partition functions of FT[SU(N)] and its 3d spectral dual to a pair of spectral dual q-Toda conformal blocks. Then we show how to obtain the FT[SU(N)] partition function by Higgsing a 5d linear quiver gauge theory, or equivalently from the refined topological string partition function on a certain toric Calabi-Yau three-fold. 3d spectral duality in this context descends from 5d spectral duality. Finally we discuss the 2d reduction of the 3d spectral dual pair and study the corresponding limits on the q-Toda side. In particular we obtain a new direct map between the partition function of the 2d FT[SU(N)] GLSM and an (N + 2)-point Toda conformal block.
The meandering behaviour of large-scale structures in turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Kevin Kevin , Monty Jason , Hutchins Nicholas
Published: February 2019

This paper quantifies the instantaneous form of large-scale turbulent structures in canonical smooth-wall boundary layers, demonstrating that they adhere to a form that is consistent with the self-sustaining streak instability model suggested by Flores & Jiménez (Phys. Fluids, vol. 22, 2010, 071704) and Hwang & Cossu (Phys. Fluids, vol. 23, 2011, 061702). Our motivation for this study stems from previous observations of large-scale streaks that have been spatially locked in position within spanwise-heterogeneous boundary layers. Here, using similar tools, we demonstrate that the randomly occurring large-scale structures in canonical layers show similar behaviour. Statistically, we show that the signature of large-scale coherent structures exhibits increasing meandering behaviour with distance from the wall. At the upper edge of the boundary layer, where these structures are severely misaligned from the main-flow direction, the induced velocities associated with the strongly yawed vortex packets/clusters yield a significant spanwise-velocity component leading to an apparent oblique coherence of spanwise-velocity fluctuations. This pronounced meandering behaviour also gives rise to a dominant streamwise periodicity at a wavelength of approximately $6\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$. We further statistically show that the quasi-streamwise roll-modes formed adjacent to these very large wavy motions are often one-sided (spanwise asymmetric), in stark contrast to the counter-rotating form suggested by conventional conditionally averaged representations. To summarise, we sketch a representative picture of the typical large-scale structures based on the evidence gathered in this study.
An inviscid analysis of the Prandtl azimuthal mass transport during swirl-type sloshing
Authors: Faltinsen Odd M. , Timokha Alexander N.
Published: February 2019

An inviscid analytical theory of a slow steady liquid mass rotation during the swirl-type sloshing in a vertical circular cylindrical tank with a fairly deep depth is proposed by utilising the asymptotic steady-state wave solution by Faltinsen et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 804, 2016, pp. 608–645). The tank performs a periodic horizontal motion with the forcing frequency close to the lowest natural sloshing frequency. The azimuthal mass transport (first observed in experiments by Prandtl (Z. Angew. Math. Mech., vol. 29(1/2), 1949, pp. 8–9)) is associated with the summarised effect of a vortical Eulerian-mean flow, which, as we show, is governed by the inviscid Craik–Leibovich equation, and an azimuthal non-Eulerian mean. Suggesting the mass-transport velocity tends to zero when approaching the vertical wall (supported by existing experiments) leads to a unique non-trivial solution of the Craik–Leibovich boundary problem and, thereby, gives an analytical expression for the summarised mass-transport velocity within the framework of the inviscid hydrodynamic model. The analytical solution is validated by comparing it with suitable experimental data.
Bifurcation theory for vortices with application to boundary layer eruption
Authors: Nielsen Anne R. , Heil Matthias , Andersen Morten , Brøns Morten
Published: February 2019

We develop a bifurcation theory describing the conditions under which vortices are created or destroyed in a two-dimensional incompressible flow. We define vortices using the $Q$-criterion and analyse the vortex structure by considering the evolution of the zero contours of $Q$. The theory identifies topological changes of the vortex structure and classifies these as four possible types of bifurcations, two occurring away from boundaries, and two occurring near no-slip walls. Our theory provides a description of all possible codimension-one bifurcations where time is treated as the bifurcation parameter. To illustrate our results, we consider the early stages of boundary layer eruption at moderate Reynolds numbers in the range from $Re=750$ to $Re=2250$. By analysing numerical simulations of the phenomenon, we show how to describe the eruption process as sequences of the four possible bifurcations of codimension one. Our simulations show that there is a single codimension-two point within our parameter range. This codimension-two point arises at $Re=1817$ via the coalescence of two codimension-one bifurcations which are associated with the creation and subsequent destruction of one of the vortices that erupt from the boundary layer. We present a theoretical description of this process and explain how the occurrence of this phenomenon separates the parameter space into two regions with distinct evolution of the topology of the vortices.
A LOWER BOUND FOR THE LARGE SIEVE WITH SQUARE MODULI
Authors: BAIER STEPHAN , LYNCH SEAN B. , ZHAO LIANGYI
Published: February 2019

We prove a lower bound for the large sieve with square moduli.
A SYSTEM OF FUNCTIONAL EQUATIONS SATISFIED BY COMPONENTS OF A QUADRATIC FUNCTION AND ITS STABILITY
Authors: PONPETCH KANET , LAOHAKOSOL VICHIAN , MAVECHA SUKRAWAN
Published: February 2019

A system of functional equations satisfied by the components of a quadratic function is derived via their corresponding circulant matrix. Given such a system of functional equations, general solutions are determined and a stability result for such a system is established.
Exact theoretical distributions around the replicate results of a germination test
Authors: Laffont Jean-Louis , Hong Bonnie , Kuo Bo-Jein , Remund Kirk M.
Published: February 2019

Many seed quality tests are conducted by first randomly assigning seeds into replicates of a given size. The replicate results are then used to check whether or not any problems occur in the realization of the test. The two main tools developed for this verification are the ratio of the observed variance of the replicate results to a theoretical variance and the tolerance for the range of the results. In this paper, we derive the theoretical distribution and its related properties of the sequence of numbers of seeds with a given quality attribute present in the replicates. From these theoretical results, we revisit the two quality checking tools widely used for the germination test. We show a precaution to be taken when relying on the variance ratio to check for under- or over-dispersion of the replicate results. This has led to the development of tables providing credible intervals of the variance ratio. The International Seed Testing Association tolerance tables for the range of the results are also compared with tolerances computed from the exact theoretical distribution of the range, leading us to recommend a revision of these tables.
Appropriate construction technologies for design activism: Material research practices in response to globalisation
Authors: Elkin Daniel , Bruyns Gerhard , Hasdell Peter
Published: February 2019

Workers in Hong Kong made plastic flowers, incense before that, and consumer goods throughout the city's provincial, Imperial, and colonial periods. Kowloon Peninsula's deep harbour and proximity to shipping lanes gave rise to exportoriented industries long before imperialistic conflicts changed their ownership from Chinese to British, and back again. Making things in this context served to define self-motivated enterprise. Hong Kong Chinese people made most of their export goods following a low material investment, labour-intensive model. Workers hand-painted ceramics and toys more often than their employers invested in better plant to replace their work.
ADHS: Neue Ansätze in Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Petermann Ulrike , Petermann Franz
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) gehört zu den besonders häufigen psychischen Störungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters. Traditionelle Ansätze der Diagnostik und Behandlung weisen erhebliche Defizite auf, wodurch vielfältige Forschungsaktivitäten begründet sind. Die Bedeutung von kognitiven (neuropsychologischen) Aspekten der ADHS wurde jahrelang kritisch diskutiert. Mittlerweile liegen jedoch überzeugende Argumente dafür vor, diese Sichtweise im Rahmen der Diagnostik und Therapie stärker zu berücksichtigen. Vor allem kommt der Erfassung der Exekutivfunktionen eine größere Bedeutung zu. Neue Ansätze in diesem Bereich werden diskutiert.
Zum Zusammenhang von Arbeitsgedächtnisleistungen und ausgewählten Exekutivfunktionen bei Kindern mit ADHS
Authors: Jaščenoka Julia , Schwörer Mona Céline , Petermann Franz , Petermann Ulrike
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung. Defizite in Exekutivfunktionen werden als ein wesentliches Merkmal einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung angesehen. Bisher liegen wenige standardisierte Testverfahren zur Erfassung solcher exekutiven Defizite vor, die bei Kindern und Jugendlichen besonders eng mit einer ADHS assoziiert scheinen (kognitive Flexibilität, Inhibition, Handlungsplanung, „Switching“). Das Hauptziel der vorliegenden Studie war deshalb die Validierung des neuropsychologischen Moduls des ADHS-Diagnostikums für Kinder und Jugendliche (ADHS-KJ-NPT). Diesbezüglich wurde eine Stichprobe von 58 ADHS-Kindern (77.6 % männlich) im Alter von 6 bis 12 Jahren ( M = 9.01 Jahre; SD = 1.43) mit dem ADHS-KJ-NPT sowie mit den Untertests des Index Arbeitsgedächtnis und des Index Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit des Wechsler-Intelligenztests (WISC-V) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die ADHS-KJ-NPT-Untertests, die darauf abzielen, Defizite in der Inhibitionsfähigkeit zu erfassen, mit dem WISC-V-Index Arbeitsgedächtnis korrelieren. Zudem wurden Korrelationen zwischen dem WISC-V-Index Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit und den ADHS-KJ-NPT-Untertests gefunden, mit denen Defizite in der flexiblen Aufmerksamkeitssteuerung und in der Inhibitionsfähigkeit auf äußere Reize erfasst werden sollen. Diese Korrelationen stellten sich bei 6- bis 9-jährigen Kindern als substanziell heraus, während dies bei 10- bis 12-Jährigen nicht der Fall ist. Die Studie trägt weiter zur Fundierung der Kriteriumsvalidität des neuropsychologischen Moduls des ADHS-KJ bei.
Psychosoziale Risikofaktoren in der Entstehung von chronisch unspezifischen Rückenschmerzen
Authors: Wippert Pia-Maria , Arampatzis Adamantios , Banzer Winfried , Beck Heidrun , Hasenbring Monika I. , Schiltenwolf Marcus , Schneider Christian , Stengel Dirk , Platen Petra , Mayer Frank
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung. Chronisch unspezifische Rückenschmerzen (CURS) gehören international zu den häufigsten Schmerzphänomenen und können für Athletinnen und Athleten karrierelimitierend sein. Knapp ein Drittel der jährlichen Trainingsausfallzeiten werden auf CURS zurückgeführt. In der Entstehung von chronischen Schmerzen ist ein multifaktorielles Ätiologiemodell mit einem signifikanten Einfluss psychosozialer Risikofaktoren evident. Obwohl dies in der Allgemeinbevölkerung bereits gut erforscht ist, gibt es in der Sportwissenschaft vergleichsweise wenige Arbeiten darüber. Dieses Thema wird daher in drei Multicenterstudien und zahlreichen Teilstudien des MiSpEx-Netzwerks ( Medicine in Spine-Exercise-Network, Förderzeitraum 2011 – 2018) aufgegriffen. Entsprechend der Empfehlung einer frühzeitigen Diagnostik von Chronifizierungsfaktoren in der „Nationalen Versorgungsleitlinie Kreuzschmerz“, beschäftigt sich das Netzwerk u. a. mit der Überprüfung, Entwicklung und Evaluation diagnostischer Möglichkeiten. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung einer Diagnostik von psychosozialen Risikofaktoren, die einerseits eine Einschätzung des Risikos der Entwicklung von CURS und andererseits eine individuelle Zuweisung zu (Trainings)Interventionen erlaubt. Es wird die Entwicklungsrationale beschrieben und dabei verschiedene methodische Herangehensweisen und Entscheidungssequenzen reflektiert.
Selbstbestimmte Motivation im späten Kindesalter
Authors: Beck Jan , Dreiskämper Dennis
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Ryan & Deci, 2000 ) beschreibt eine gute Vorhersagbarkeit intrinsischer Motivation bei Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen im sportbezogenen Kontext. Studien zu diesen Zusammenhängen der SDT sind im Kindesalter dagegen rar. Deshalb soll die vorliegende Untersuchung zum einen den von Deci und Ryan (2000) vorhergesagten Zusammenhang zwischen psychologischen Basisbedürfnissen und Selbstbestimmung im späten Kindesalter ( M = 10.51) überprüfen ( N = 252). Zum anderen soll für die bessere Prädizierbarkeit der Sportpartizipation die intrinsische Motivation verschiedener sporttreibenden Gruppen verglichen werden. Mithilfe eines, auf das Kindesalter angepassten, Fragebogens wurden psychologische Basisbedürfnisse und Motivationsregulationen erhoben. Ein Strukturgleichungsmodell zeigt den vorhergesagten Zusammenhang. Es erweist sich, dass ein Unterschied innerhalb dieser Konstrukte zugunsten Sporttreibender aufgrund der Sportvereinspartizipation vorliegt. Weiter zeigen Besuchsanteile der Sportarten schwache Effekte auf motivationale Größen. Grundsätzlich zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass Fragebogenerhebungen zur SDT im späten Kindesalter valide durchgeführt werden können. Dennoch bleibt die Suche nach Gründen und Prädiktoren der Sportvereinspartizipation weiterhin forschungsrelevant.