bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Educación Física de Calidad y sus consideraciones para una aplicación teórico-práctica en el aula: una revisión narrativa
Authors: Rivero Alvea Germán , Ries Francis
Published: March 2023

La Educación Física de Calidad (EFC) es un ámbito de estudio impulsado principalmente por la UNESCO que desde los últimos años ha recibido interés por parte de diferentes investigaciones. Se ha elaborado una revisión narrativa en diferentes bases de datos con el objetivo de recopilar las principales aportaciones en este ámbito de estudio. Para ello, los resultados se organizan a través de las tres dimensiones principales que configuran la EFC: currículum, pedagogía y evaluación. Temas como las percepciones del profesorado sobre la EFC, el uso de los modelos pedagógicos o el enfoque que requiere la evaluación dentro de la EFC son algunos de los tratados a lo largo del trabajo. Este estudio puede ser útil para la creación de un marco de trabajo teórico-práctico en torno a la EFC.
La Educación Física para el Desarrollo Sostenible: un enfoque práctico para integrar la sostenibilidad desde la Educación Física
Authors: Baena-Morales Salvador , Barrachina-Peris Julio , García-Martínez Salvador , González-Víllora Sixto , Ferriz-Valero Alberto
Published: March 2023

En el ámbito educativo siempre se han incorporado las preocupaciones presentes en la sociedad, procurando ofrecer soluciones a problemas de una dimensión mayor como los que representa la sostenibilidad del planeta. En la actualidad a la educación se le cede un papel protagonista en la responsabilidad de intentar conseguir los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) propuestos por la Naciones Unidas en el año 2015. Reflejo de ello, en la nueva legislación educativa española (LOMLOE), se consideran los ODS como uno de los ejes vertebradores del perfil de salida de los estudiantes. Por ello, en el presente documento pretende ofrecer una propuesta que aborde desde el área de EF integradamente los desafíos planteados en los ODS. A lo largo del documento se parte de una reflexión del papel docente en esta nueva labor, intentando mostrar cómo a través de los saberes y metodologías propias del área se podría contribuir a alcanzar los ODS. También se concreta el alcance que podría tener la Educación Física en esta contribución, sintetizando en 24 de las 169 metas que componen los ODS, acciones o estrategias para su trabajo. Así, se propone una aproximación a los conceptos vinculados con la sostenibilidad con la finalidad de propiciar entre el colectivo docente la noción de Educación Física para el Desarrollo Sostenible (EFpODS). Finalmente, se pretende mostrar a través de modelos abiertos algunas situaciones de aprendizaje en las que se pongan de manifiesto los vínculos potenciales que podrían existir entre las competencias clave y las específicas de EF con las competencias necesarias para el desarrollo sostenible.
The impact of the Russia-Ukraine War on radical right-wing populism in France
Authors:   CNRS-CEVIPOF-Sciences Po Paris, Ivaldi Gilles
Published: March 2023

This article examines the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the main actors of the populist radical right in France (i.e., Marine Le Pen’s Rassemblement National and Éric Zemmour’s Reconquête) as well as Jean-Luc Mélenchon’s La France insoumise on the populist radical left. It looks, in particular, at the effects of the Ukraine crisis on the French presidential election in April 2022. After the outbreak of the war, French populists (of the left and the right) came under fire for their pro-Russia positions and previous sympathy for Vladimir Putin. However, these parties revealed quite different responses in interpreting the Ukraine crisis. The analysis suggests that Marine Le Pen successfully evaded accusations of sympathy for Putin by toning down her nativism and emphasizing instead her social-populist agenda, which foregrounds egalitarian social protection and economic nationalism. This move allowed her to exploit war-related issues of energy and rising prices. Public opinion data suggest that such issues were paramount to voters in the 2022 election. Zemmour, on the other hand, largely ignored growing socioeconomic concerns while perpetuating a more ambiguous stance vis-à-vis Putin, which may have contributed to his failure to challenge Le Pen on the radical right. Overall, the article concludes that the impact of the Ukraine war in France has been heavily mediated by socioeconomic anxieties, fuelling support for populism at both ends of the political spectrum.
To Russia with love? German populist actors’ positions vis-a-vis the Kremlin
Authors:   University of Mainz., Arzheimer Kai
Published: March 2023

Russia’s attack on Ukraine and its many international and national repercussions have helped to revive the fortunes of Germany’s main radical right-wing populist party, the “Alternative for Germany” (AfD). Worries about the threats posed to Germany’s traditional export-led industries by spiking energy prices, the country’s historical anxieties over becoming involved in armed conflict in Europe, and hundreds of thousands of refugees arriving in Germany seem to have contributed to a modest rise in the AfD’s poll numbers after a long period of stagnation. However, the situation is more complicated for the AfD than it would appear at first glance. While many party leaders and the rank-and-file have long held sympathies for Putin (and for Russia more generally), support for Ukraine among the German public remains strong, even if there is some disagreement about the appropriate means and the acceptable costs. At least some AfD voters are appalled by the levels of Russian violence against civilians. Like on many other issues, there is also a gap in opinion between Germany’s formerly communist federal states in the east and the western part of the country. The AfD’s leadership has responded by blaming the government and unspecified external actors for the economic crisis, calling for a “diplomatic solution,” and demanding a “return to normal.” While this policy has helped to keep the AfD’s base mobilized, the stated approach is scarcely feasible and has not led to a surge in support for the party among the general population.
Politicizing war: Viktor Orbán’s right-wing authoritarian populist regime and the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Authors:   Corvinus University of Budapest, Ádám Zoltán
Published: March 2023

Soon after Viktor Orbán returned to power in 2010, Vladimir Putin’s Russia became a strategic ally for Hungary. This was a somewhat surprising development for a country with a history of mass movements for political freedom crushed with the assistance of Russian troops. Yet, unlike virtually all his European allies on the radical and populist Right, Orbán has supported Putin even during his campaign against Ukraine. As this has not been without political and economic costs for Hungary, the question emerges as to why Orbán has been so loyal to Putin. The report presents three complementary explanations: (1) the traditional animosity Hungarian governments have shown toward Kyiv in the past three decades; (2) blaming the European Union and the pro-Ukraine Western alliance for economic hardship in Hungary; (3) endorsing Putin’s totalitarian turn in Russia to suggest that a similar course of political developments in Hungary is not excluded either. Worryingly, considerable institutional measures in the latter direction in the form of states of danger, continuously implemented since March 2020, have already been taken.
The Ukraine-Russia war and the Far Right in Portugal: Minimal impacts on the rising populist Chega party
Authors:   University of Lisbon, Biscaia Afonso , Salgado Susana
Published: March 2023

The effects of the Russia-Ukraine war on Portuguese politics have been negligible, leading to only minor changes in political positions or the relative popularity of the parties. Chega was the first right-wing populist political party to achieve a parliamentary breakthrough in Portugal, emerging as the third-largest political force after elections in January 2022. It shares rhetorical features and positions with European counterparts but distinguishes itself by its flexibility. Unencumbered by association with the Russian regime, Chega has been free to take the more popular position among voters, supporting Ukraine. Furthermore, one of its foremost adversaries, the Portuguese Communist Party, took an ambiguous position regarding the invasion of Ukraine, making Chega’s decision about positioning clearer. Nevertheless, Chega has used the war instrumentally in service of its established priorities—namely, nationalism, opposition to immigration, and militarism. Moreover, after temporarily setting aside welfare chauvinism, the party reverted to this staple as the war continued. We shed light on the rhetoric and positioning of Chega and its leader, André Ventura, by analysing 47 parliamentary commentaries by Chega MPs in 2021 and 2022 and 28 tweets mentioning Ukraine, Russia, nationals from both countries, or the war posted by Ventura during the same period.
The Russia–Ukraine War and the Radicalization of Political Discourse in Slovakia
Authors: Učeň Peter
Published: March 2023

The report opens with a reflection on the political actors who have been labelled and analysed as populists in the modern history of Slovakia. Then, it assesses the impact of the Russian aggression in Ukraine by taking into account the broader group of radical challengers to the liberal-democratic notion of “politics as usual” in Slovakia who operate beyond the populist Radical Right. Overall, the report finds that while the Russia–Ukraine war has contributed to the radicalization of the public discourse in Slovakia, it has not engendered new populist or radical actors nor caused notable changes in the ideational profiles and political strategies of existing ones.
人类意识原理
Authors: 陈 诚
Published: March 2023

人工智能是利用大数据的方式来回答更准确的问题，我们建立人类意识的机制来描述解决问题的不同方式。一个问题基于人类意识的复杂性，包含更多个人的新定义和推导。基本原理是把事物看成具有因果关系，总结出因果关系的最小数学单位，以非常精确的方式描述人类意识。 为了描述人类的意识，我们首先做一个生命自动运动的模型，然后代入人类处理复杂问题的能力，就构成了具有人类思考能力的自动运动模型。在这里我们展示了在人类意识原理下的超级人工智能的制造、精神疾病的原因和人类永生的技术解决方案。
Recent ornithological literature from the Caribbean: 2021
Authors: Steven Latta
Published: March 2023

Recent ornithological literature from the Caribbean: 2021
New host species records of a parasitic fly (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) in montane forests of Hispaniola
Authors: Pedro M. Alarcón-Elbal  , Holly M. Garrod  , Spencer C. Schubert  , Alonso Santos Murgas
Published: March 2023

Abstract  Hippoboscids or louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) are obligate hematophages highly specialized for an ectoparasitic life in the feathers or fur of avian or mammalian hosts, respectively. As part of an existing avian monitoring program in the Dominican Republic, two cases of parasitism by louse flies in a Black-faced Grassquit (Melanospiza bicolor) and a Green Heron (Butorides virescens) were reported. In the laboratory, the flies were examined and identified as the species Ornithoctona erythrocephala. This is the first time this hippoboscid has been observed parasitizing these two bird species, and indeed the first record of it parasitizing a species of the family Thraupidae.  

Keywords  Caribbean, Dominican Republic, ectoparasite, Hippoboscidae, Hispaniola, Ornithoctona erythrocephala  

Resumen  Nuevos registros de especies hospederas de una mosca parásita (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) en bosques montanos de La Española • Los hipobóscidos o moscas piojo (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) son hematófagos obligados altamente especializados para una vida ectoparásita en las plumas de las aves o el pelaje de los mamíferos hospederos. Como parte de un programa de monitoreo de aves que existe en la República Dominicana, se reportaron dos casos de parasitismo por moscas piojos en Melanospiza bicolor y Butorides virescens. En el laboratorio, las moscas fueron examinadas e identificadas como la especie Ornithoctona erythrocephala. Esta es la primera vez que se observa que este hipobóscido parasita a estas dos especies de aves y, de hecho, el primer registro de que parasita una especie de la familia Thraupidae. 

Palabras clave  Caribe, ectoparásito, Hippoboscidae, La Española, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, República Dominicana 

Résumé  Nouvelles mentions d’espèces hôtes d’une mouche parasite (Diptera : Hippoboscidae) dans les forêts de montagne d’Hispaniola • Les hippobosques ou mouches plates (Diptera : Hippoboscidae) sont des espèces hématophages obligatoires hautement spécialisées pour une vie ectoparasitaire dans les plumes des oiseaux ou la fourrure des mammifères. Dans le cadre d’un programme de suivi de l’avifaune en République dominicaine, deux cas de parasitisme par des hippobosques ont été signalés sur un Sporophile cici (Melanospiza bicolor) et un Héron vert (Butorides virescens). En laboratoire, les mouches ont été examinées et identifiées comme appartenant à l’espèce Ornithoctona erythrocephala. C’est la première fois que cet hippobosque est observé comme parasite de ces deux espèces d’oiseaux et comme parasite d’une espèce de la famille des Thraupidae. 

Mots clés  Caraïbes, ectoparasite, Hippoboscidae, Hispaniola, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, République dominicaine
Birds of Cuba: A Photographic Guide
Authors: Steven C. Latta
Published: March 2023

BIRDS OF CUBA: A PHOTOGRAPHIC GUIDE—Arturo Kirkconnell, Patricia E. Bradley, and Yves-Jacques Rey-Millet. 2020. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, New York. 384 pages. ISBN 9781501751561. $32.95.
Introduced mammals threaten the Grenadines transboundary tropical seabird hotspot
Authors: Juliana Coffey  , Natalia Collier
Published: March 2023

Abstract  A minimum of nine species of introduced mammals inhabit at least 19 remote islands throughout the Grenadines—an archipelago that hosts globally and regionally significant colonies of breeding seabirds and represents one of the few remaining strongholds for seabirds in the Lesser Antilles. This paper presents a contemporary inventory of non-native mammal species on islands in the Grenadines, with a particular focus on breeding seabirds and protected areas, and explores the wider implications of complex sociocultural barriers to conservation.   

Keywords  eradication, Grenadines, introduced species, invasive species, island restoration, seabird 

Resumen  Los mamíferos introducidos amenazan el punto caliente de biodiversidad transfronterizo de aves marinas tropicales de las Granadinas • Un mínimo de nueve especies de mamíferos introducidos habitan al menos 19 islas remotas en las Granadinas, un archipiélago que alberga colonias de aves marinas reproductoras de importancia mundial y regional; y que representa uno de los pocos reductos que quedan para este grupo de aves en las Antillas Menores. Este artículo presenta un inventario actual de las especies de mamíferos no nativos en las islas de las Granadinas, con especial atención en las aves marinas nidifcantes y las áreas protegidas. Además explora las implicaciones más amplias de las complejas barreras socioculturales para la conservación.  

Palabras clave  aves marinas, erradicación, especies introducidas, especies invasoras, Granadinas, restauración de islas  

Résumé  Des mammifères introduits menacent un haut lieu transfrontalier pour les oiseaux marins tropicaux dans les Grenadines • Au moins neuf espèces introduites de mammifères vivent sur au moins 19 îles éloignées des Grenadines, un archipel qui abrite des colonies de reproduction d’oiseaux marins d’importance mondiale et régionale et qui représente l’un des derniers bastions pour les oiseaux marins dans les Petites Antilles. Cet article présente un inventaire contemporain des espèces de mammifères non indigènes des îles des Grenadines, avec un accent particulier sur les oiseaux marins nicheurs et les aires protégées, et explore les implications plus larges des barrières socioculturelles complexes vis-à-vis de la conservation. 

Mots clés  éradication, espèces envahissantes, espèces introduites, Grenadines, oiseaux marins, restauration insulaire
Observation of intraspecific nest usurpation of the Yellow-shouldered Blackbird (Agelaius xanthomus) in southwestern Puerto Rico
Authors: Jean P. González-Crespo  , Alberto R. Puente-Rolón
Published: March 2023

Abstract  Identifying behaviors that can be detrimental to the reproduction of an endangered species should be of high priority for any conservation effort. This could lead to the development and implementation of new conservation strategies that may significantly increase the breeding success of these species. We document the first report of intraspecific nest usurpation for the Yellow-shouldered Blackbird (Agelaius xanthomus) in southwestern Puerto Rico. On 16 September 2020, an adult violently removed a 14–16-day-old nestling from an Artificial Nesting Structure in the Pitahaya mangrove forest. 

Keywords  Agelaius xanthomus, infanticide, intraspecific competition, nest usurpation, nesting behavior, Puerto Rico 

Resumen  Observación de un evento de usurpación intraespecífica de nido de Agelaius xanthomus en el suroeste de Puerto Rico • La identificación de conductas que pueden ser perjudiciales para la reproducción de especies en peligro de extinción debe ser una prioridad absoluta en cualquier esfuerzo de conservación. Esto podría resultar en el desarrollo e implementación de nuevas estrategias que podrían aumentar significativamente el éxito reproductivo de estas especies. Documentamos el primer registro de usurpación intraespecífica de nido para Agelaius xanthomus en la región suroeste de Puerto Rico. El 16 de septiembre de 2020, un adulto expulsó violentamente un pichón de 14 a 16 días de nacido de una estructura de nidificación artificial en el manglar de Pitahaya.   

Palabras clave  Agelaius xanthomus, competencia intraespecífica, comportamiento de nidificación, infanticidio, Puerto Rico, usurpación de nido  

Résumé  Observation de l’usurpation intraspécifique d’un nid par le Carouge de Porto Rico (Agelaius xanthomus) dans le sud-ouest de Porto Rico • L’identification des comportements pouvant nuire à la reproduction d’une espèce menacée doit être une priorité absolue pour tout effort de conservation. Cela pourrait conduire à l’élaboration et à la mise en œuvre de nouvelles stratégies de conservation susceptibles d’accroître considérablement le succès de reproduction de ces espèces. Nous documentons la première observation d’usurpation intraspécifique d’un nid par le Carouge de Porto Rico (Agelaius xanthomus) dans le sud-ouest de Porto Rico. Le 16 septembre 2020, un adulte a violemment expulsé un oisillon âgé de 14 à 16 jours d’une structure de nidification artificielle dans la mangrove de Pitahaya.  

Mots clés  Agelaius xanthomus, compétition intraspécifique, comportement de nidification, infanticide, Porto Rico, usurpation de nid
Looking for the Ivory-billed Woodpecker in eastern Cuba
Authors: Mark Michaels
Published: March 2023

LOOKING FOR THE IVORY-BILLED WOODPECKER IN EASTERN CUBA—Alberto R. Estrada. 2014. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. San Bernardino, CA. 130 pages. ISBN 978-1503351844. $25.00.
First report of a Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides) on Bermuda
Authors: Andrew le F. Dobson  , Andrea Webb  , Ingela Perrson  , Richard Brewer  , Luke Foster  , Miguel A. Mejías
Published: March 2023

Abstract  This is the first report of a Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides) on Bermuda. A female Mountain Bluebird was observed between 24 February and 23 March 2021 at Port Royal Golf Course (32°15'44"N, 64°52'26"W) on the island’s southwestern edge. This observation also represents the first record of the species outside North America.

Keywords  Bermuda, first record, Mountain Bluebird, Port Royal Golf Course, Sialia currucoides

Resumen  Primer registro de Sialia currucoides en las Bermudas • Este es el primer registro de Sialia currucoides en las Bermudas. Entre el 24 de febrero y el 23 de marzo de 2021, una hembra de esta especie fue observada en el campo de golf de Port Royal (32°15'44 "N, 64°52'26"W) en el extremo suroeste de la isla. Este avistamiento también representa el primer registro de la especie fuera de América del Norte.

Palabras clave  Bermudas, campo de golf Port Royal, primer registro, Sialia currucoides

Résumé  Premier signalement d’un Merlebleu azuré (Sialia currucoides) aux Bermudes • Il s’agit du premier signalement d’un Merlebleu azuré (Sialia currucoides) aux Bermudes. Une femelle de Merlebleu azuré a été observée entre le 24 février et le 23 mars 2021 sur le terrain de golf de Port-Royal (32°15'44"N, 64°52'26"W), à l’extrémité sud-ouest de l’île. Cette observation représente également la première mention de l’espèce en dehors de l’Amérique du Nord.

Mots clés  Bermudes, Merlebleu azuré, premier signalement, Sialia currucoides, terrain de golf de Port-Royal
An Empirical Relationship Between Green Human Resource and Environmental Performance with The Interceding Impact of Culture and Employee Commitment
Authors: Asim Mubashir  , Sofia Bano  , Syeda Quratulain Kazmi  , Shaza Hashar  , Syeda Nida Ahmed
Published: March 2023

This study explores the relationship between Environmental Performance with Green human resource practices in Pharmaceutical Companies, in Karachi, Pakistan. However, no study has charted employee commitment toward a sustainable environment and gone over the literature. Moreover, culture also plays an important role in Environmental performance, and it has also not been addressed previously with this framework. Therefore, this research study intends to assess the mediating impact of employee commitment towards the relationship between Green HRM and Employee Performance, moderating the impact of Culture. To select the samples for the statistical tool, the Convenience sampling method was used. This study is based on the quantitative approach in a single sector. The findings from the structural analysis show that Green recruitment and selection towards Environmental performance demonstrates less influence on the employees to commit towards green environmental activities as compared to green recruitment and training. Furthermore, it’s determined that the moderating role of culture has no impact in this framework. Overall findings approach the level of understanding of the following framework for the achievement of a sustainable environment through green HR practices. Discussions and limitations for future research are provided in concluding the study.
Estimation of stock market index volatility using the GARCH model: Causality between stock indices
Authors: Lim Doong Toong , Goh Khang Wen , Sim Yee Wai , Mokhtar Khairunnisa , Thinagar Sharmila
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to model the volatility of returns for selected stock indices and examine the causal relationships between the markets using the historical daily prices of the Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE), Bursa Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI), the Indonesia Stock Exchange Index (LQ45), and the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) from January 2008 to November 2019. The study employs univariate GARCH models that are prominent in capturing the volatility clustering of financial instruments in association with the Box–Jenkins methodology for better estimation. Generally, the ARMA-GARCH model is used to capture the volatility series, while the Granger causality test examines the causal directions between the markets. The findings revealed leverage effects on the markets, with the outperformance of the EGARCH in analyzing the empirical properties of stock returns. An initial test that yielded positive correlations suggests the existence of co-movement between the derived volatility series. The study concluded bidirectional causal relationships between the selected markets, and based on the resulting relationships, it is proposed that supervision of markets among the ASEAN members could be advantageous in predicting the corresponding market performance.
Morphology and Nottingham prognostic index in triple-negative breast carcinomas
Authors: Sudarshan Anisha Tirumala
Published: March 2023

Triple-negative breast carcinomas are defined by a lack of expression of the steroid hormone receptors i.e., Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and Human epidermal growth factor Receptor-2. They are characterized by distinct molecular, histological, and clinical features. With higher mortality and early relapse, management of these tumors relies on clinicopathologic prognostic factors. Nottingham's prognostic index is a widely used prognostic tool that integrates three independent prognostic factors, namely tumor size, lymph node status, and histologic grade. It is a sensitive index of clinical aggressiveness in breast carcinomas. This study aims to evaluate morphologic features of Triple negative breast carcinomas and correlate them with Nottingham prognostic index. 22 modified radical mastectomies with triple-negative status were considered for this study. Tumor size, histologic type, grade, node involvement, necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, and Nottingham prognostic index were assessed. All 22 Triple negative breast carcinomas were invasive ductal carcinomas [NOS]. One involved skin and six were larger than 5cms. 10 cases (45%) were histologic grade III, and 9 cases (41%) were grade II. 2 cases had more than 10 positive nodes. Nottingham's prognostic index ranged from 2 to 9.4. Lymphovascular invasion and necrosis in 16 cases (73%) and perineural invasion in 3 cases were noted. Prognostication of breast carcinomas using Nottingham prognostic index helps clinicians in decision-making, stratifying risks, and tailoring individual treatment plans. Including Nottingham's prognostic index routinely in breast carcinoma reporting offers a meaningful integrated indicator for clinicians to assess tumor behavior and aggressiveness.
Solubility enhancement of terbinafine hydrochloride by hydrotropic technique
Authors: Venkatesh Nagasamy
Published: March 2023

Terbinafine hydrochloride is an antifungal drug belonging to the class of allylamines. The drug exhibits poor aqueous solubility and thus results in decrease in oral bioavailability. In the present study, an attempt was made to enhance the solubility of terbinafine hydrochloride using hydrotropic solubilization technique employing different hydrotropesnamely sodium benzoate and ureain different proportions and their combinations. The different hydrotropes were selected based on the saturation solubility exhibited by the drug. Among them best batches of the drughydrotrope combinations of varying concentrations of 5% w/v, 10% w/v and 15% w/v were further subjected for the in vitro dissolution studies and solid-state characterization studies. The results so obtained were an indicative of solubility enhancement of terbinafine hydrochloride in combination of 10% urea, and combinationhydrotropes of 10% urea and 15% sodium benzoate. Thus, the experimental investigation concluded that there is an 1.53, 3.77 fold increase in dissolution profile for drug with 10% urea and combination of drug with 10% urea and 15% sodium benzoate respectively at the end of 120 minutes
Liquid infused silicon based urinary catheters: A simple laboratory model to study bacterial biofilm formation
Authors: Palanimuthu Vasanth Raj
Published: March 2023

Biofilms are organized communities of micro-organisms buried firmly on an extra polymeric matrix attached to the living surface. The matrix which is formed surrounding the bacteria makes them tolerant to harsh environmental conditions as well as resistant to antibacterial treatment. The development of biofilms in clinical or hospital settings is the major reason for several infections. They have a negative impact when they are formed on medical devices as it is difficult to eradicate them using disinfectants or antibiotics available. Several in vitro models have been implemented in the last decade to evaluate antimicrobial activity on bacterial biofilms. Although well-established static biofilm methods are available; there is a lack of simple dynamic biofilm models to replicate the clinical settings of biofilm development. In this scenario, considering the importance of this research area, we planned to design laboratory-scale working models to study biofilms. We used Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model organism. We divided the biofilm models into two categories namely static and dynamic models. The dynamic model of biofilm, that we used for mimicking the clinical setting, was a silicone-based catheter model. This new model will contribute to deeper knowledge about the physiology, structure, formation, and composition of biofilms. This method can be used as an appropriate and up-to-date technique to study biofilms in laboratory settings.
Drug induced nephrotoxicity and associated factors a narrative review
Authors: Parida Amrita
Published: March 2023

Drugs are a common reason for kidney injury. Antibiotic like gentamicin which is clinically a highly effective drug, is not preferred by physicians primarily because of the renal damage caused by it. Medication-induced renal injury has an intricate mechanism that includes a multitude of elements together with the innate nature of medications, innate patient characteristics that increase the chances of renal damage, and the pharmacokinetics of the drug. A particular drug can produce varied amount of damage in different individuals, which implies that the risk is not same for all. The reason behind this is that, there are different factors which determine the amount of renal damage that occurs due to drugs. In this article, we have reviewed the various elements linked to drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
Extraction and identification of bioactive compound embelin from embelia ribes fruits
Authors: Boini Thirupataiah
Published: March 2023

Embelia ribes is the most widely used plant in numerous Ayurvedic preparations to treat various disorders. The most commonly used plant parts like leaves and fruit are in the Indian traditional system for CNS (Central Nervous System) disease, Anti-bacterial Anthelmintic, and Anti-ulcer activity. The proposed work aimed to optimize different extraction parameters (Part of Crude drug, Solvent and Temperature) to increase the extraction yield of the Embelin from Embelia ribes fruits. Extraction was done by using Chloroform as a solvent, and extraction yield was optimized by using independent variables, such as solvent, drug parts, time and temperature, with the help of the design of expert software. One part of the crude drug kept in 3 parts of Chloroform for 34 mins at 49 oC temperature gives the maximum yield (38.73±1.13%) of Embelin. HPTLC was done by using the mobile phase of Chloroform: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (5:4:0.5 v/v/v). A single band appeared in the TLC plate exhibiting the Isolation of a Single compound, further the Isolated compound was identified and characterized by using Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (UV), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). The results obtained from the analytical techniques reveal that the Isolated compound was Embelin.
Phaleria macrocarpa for Endometriosis Treatment: A Review
Authors: Maharani Maharani
Published: March 2023

Around 5—10% women in their productive age could suffer from endometriosis, a condition where viable endometrial tissue is present outside the uterine cavity. This disease could progress into ovarian cancer and infertility with long-lasting chronic pain. Thus, innovation for safe and efficacious management of this disease is urgent. Exploring the abilities of medicinal plants for endometriosis therapy is quite promising. Of which, Phaleria macrocarpa has been suggested as a strong candidate for the therapy. This review begins with explanations of endometriosis; its aetiology and pathobiology. Thereafter, we present the medicinal properties of P. macrocarpa for being anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, and anti-proliferation. Results from pre-clinical studies and an ongoing trial of P. macrocarpa as a therapy for endometriosis were also discussed in this review. Future study will explore the activity of this plant extracts against hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX).
Proposal of application for the detection of brain aneurysms using machine learning
Authors: Siguas Rosa Perez-
Published: March 2023

Currently in the world of medicine doctors use computer technology since the use of it can greatly facilitate their work, currently there are brain aneurysms which is a cerebrovascular disease characterized by a dilation of the arterial wall that can trigger internal bleeding and the detection of this has to be carried out by specialized doctors which are trained for an extensive time of training and purpose of this work is to automate the detection of aneurysms by applying artificial intelligence
Colorectal cancer: Current treatments and its novel drug delivery systems
Authors: Venkatesh D.Nagasamy
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, one of the most common tumors in the world is colorectal cancer (CRC) which is increasing day by day and attributes to the mortality of many lives around the globe. It is also the second most lethal and third most widespread cancer diagnosis for both males and females. However, numerous inventive treatments had been developed for both primary and advanced colorectal cancer which include surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and utilizing some of the novel drug delivery systems. In the present review, we have attempted to address several innovative, novel treatment methods, procedures, and targeting strategies employing different polymers and drugs to deliver at colonic region. Also, the present review highlighted the applications of nanocarriers such as carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, dendrimers, liposomes, hydrogels, and phytotomies for the effective treatment of CRC
Design synthesis and biological evaluation of thiophene 2- pentafluoro benzamide derivatives as antitubercular agent
Authors: Kathiravan Muthu Kumaradoss
Published: March 2023

Tuberculosis, a major contagious air-borne disease, killing millions in a year. Many of the existing anti-tubercular drugs have acquired bacterial resistance. Though they are highly bactericidal but, later on due to several factors like poor patient compliance, incomplete therapy, etc. leading to treatment relapse. This enables researcher to focus on identifying new leads utilizing structure-based drug design which plays a crucial role in drug development. The mycolic acid synthesized by Pks 13 is identified as a perfect target and hence a series of molecules were designed and the best fit ligands with a least energy were picked and analysed for Insilco bioactivity and drug likeness. Five best docked Molecules satisfied the Lipinski rule of five, namely the number of hydrogen bond donors, acceptors, log P, total polar surface area and the number of rotatable bonds. The bioactivity was found to be moderate to excellent against the receptor. The target molecules were synthesised via amino esters to yield pentafluorinated thiophene derivatives. Among the series, molecule 12 was found to be more potent when tested for antitubercular activity by Microplate Alomar blue assay technique.
Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of 2-amino-4,5-diphenyl-1-(substituted)-1H-pyrrole-3- carbonitrile derivatives
Authors: Dholakia Sandip P.
Published: March 2023

Pyrrole is privileged and active heterocycle with diverse pharmacological activities that specifically serve as a promising scaffold for antiinflammatory, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antiviral, antitubercular, and enzyme-inhibiting drugs. In an attempt to explore this scaffold, a series of 2- amino-4,5-diphenyl-1-(substituted)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrilewere synthesized and screened for anti-inflammatory activity. The structures of synthesized novel compounds were characterized by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Mass and Fourier Transfer Infrared spectroscopic data. All the compounds are screened for anti-inflammatory activity using the rat paw edema method. Among all, compound 1e exhibited more potent activity than the standard drug etoricoxib with the highest inhibition in paw edema at 3 h and 5 h.
Hoe handhaafbaar wordt de nieuwe IMVO-wetgeving en welke lessen biedt de handhavingspraktijk van de Europese Houtverordening?
Authors: Verkerk S.A. (Shanne)
Published: March 2023

Hoe handhaafbaar wordt de nieuwe IMVO-wetgeving en welke lessen biedt de handhavingspraktijk van de Europese Houtverordening?

In deze bijdrage wordt aan de hand van de eerste gepubliceerde strafrechtelijke veroordeling voor het overtreden van de Houtverordening en een bespreking van overige handhavingszaken een inkijk gegeven in de handhavingspraktijk van deze wetgeving. Ook wordt bezien of uit deze handhavingspraktijk lessen kunnen worden getrokken. Tegen die achtergrond worden de verplichtingen uit de nieuwe IMVO-wetsvoorstellen en mogelijkheden tot bestuursrechtelijke en strafrechtelijke handhaving van die wetten uiteengezet. Deze voorstellen zetten in op due diligence in de bedrijfsketen op het gebied van milieu en mensenrechten, waaronder dwangarbeid. Een goede afstemming tussen het bestuursrechtelijke en strafrechtelijke handhavingsstelsel voor handhaving op maat is daarbij gewenst.
The Cultural Codes of Pashto in Khushal Khan’s Poetry
Authors: Omarkhel Hameedullah , Shahnawaz Nargis , Rasooli Nazya Patman
Published: March 2023

Khushal Khan Khattak is a prolific writer, poet, politician, and community leader of Pashtun nation. He, as a leader, understood the spirit and soul of the Pashtuns at that time. So, his poems have all the cultural codes of the Pashtun nation. For example: Challenge, honor, masculinity, hospitality, shame, modesty, honesty, unity and love.

A few hundred years ago, the cultural codes, which described in his poems, are almost still present in the Pashtun community. The main reason being the backwardness of the Pashtun nation and their society, is because the cultural codes change as society changes. The society of Pashtun nation does not chance until today. It has its old shape as two or three hundred year ago.

There are a lot of codes that we can find in both, also in the poems of Khushal Khan Khatak and in the space of Pashtun nation. There are not the most of the codes in Western societies nowadays, because these codes that are often considered in Islamic countries.
Investigating the factors affecting the job motivation of the employees the state banks of Afghanistan
Authors: Banayee Maryam Amin , Banayee Mohammad Rafee
Published: March 2023

In every organization or public and private institution, there are certain problems that not paying attention to them can be a factor in reducing the productivity of the organization, or paying attention to it can be the basis for success in affairs. But if these factors are categorized and prioritized, job dissatisfaction can be seen at the top of them.
The job satisfaction survey acts as a tool for collecting the main information in organizations and enables managers to firstly compare departments or work groups with each other and secondly to prioritize issues and problems and thirdly, to identify the perceptions and expectations of employees so that they can improve the gap between the current situation and the desired situation.
This research was conducted in three state banks (Melli, New Kabul Bank, and Pashtani), based on the existing limitations, the total population is unknown, and if the total population is unknown, using the Morgan formula, the sample population is 374 people, but due to increasing the degree 400 questionnaires were distributed and collected.
In this research, four hypotheses were designed, and all four hypotheses were confirmed after the test, which means that there is a significant relationship between job satisfaction and salary, productivity and service quality, and work speed. Services You should pay more attention to the job satisfaction of your employees.
Two Decades of Democracy in Somaliland: the Role of Civil Society in the Electoral Processes
Authors: M.Abdi Ifrah
Published: March 2023

Civil society organizations in Somaliland have mushroomed since 1991 and have made an important contribution to the relief and rehabilitation efforts throughout the country, particularly in the provision of social services and the empowerment of disadvantaged groups in the society. Many of these civil society organizations have contributed significantly to improving the lives of a large number of people, particularly women, children and other vulnerable groups by supporting a range of essential services that the state has failed to provide. Presently, many Somaliland civil society organizations are engaged in democratization and good governance issues. However, it is rare to witness a civic organization that is involved in political activism, or lobbying for legislative reform. This article examines the notion of the civil society in the Somaliland context and their roles in the democratization processes. Moreover, the article specifically discusses major involvements and challenges of the civil society in promoting free and fair electoral processes.
Urban Poverty in Somaliland: The Case of State House Area in Hargeisa
Authors: Mohamoud Abdirizak
Published: March 2023

Somaliland, like any other Sub-Saharan Africa remains amongst the poorest nations in the world with a Gross Domestic Product per capita of $499.8 according to the World Bank ahead of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Niger. The purpose of this study is aimed to analyze urban poverty in Somaliland. Both primary and secondary data were used; the primary data were obtained from field activity results of a questionnaire distributed to 97 randomly selected respondents in the study area. The secondary data were taken from different published assessments and reports from reputable global institutions. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were used to analyze the data. According to the results of this study, urban poverty in Somaliland is multi-dimensional; it manifests itself in the form of inadequate basic services and goods such as lack of clean water, nutritious food, lack of hygiene and sanitation, lack of health facilities, lower standard houses without lighting, unemployment, poorly paid wage. The combinations of these problems deteriorate and worsen the living conditions of the urban poor in Somaliland. Urban poverty is determined by consumption expenditure, household size, education level of the head of the household, access to health facilities and status of unemployment in the study area. Therefore, this implies the necessity of intervention and preparation of comprehensive and inclusive national planning: reduction of poverty, employment creation, investment in education (vocational and training) and health, introduction of poor friendly public utilities, promotion of investment in national productive assets, and institutionalization of local community support systems (local charity).
Effects of Droughts on Pastoralist and Agro-Pastoralist Women in Somaliland
Authors: Abdilahi Maria
Published: March 2023

Droughts have long been affecting the Somali society, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Although these persistent and recurrent droughts have affected all the members of the community in Somaliland, both in urban and rural areas, they have had a rather adverse impact on pastoral and agro-pastoral women. These vulnerable groups of society become victims of changing climate and ecological patterns than any other section of the community as droughts put greater risk on their livelihoods. This study assesses the impact of droughts on Somaliland’s pastoralist and agro-pastoralist women. The study has relied on both primary and secondary data. In the primary data, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were employed, while literature related to the subject were also reviewed. The study found that the pastoralist and agro-pastoralist women have struggled against long-lasting problems and difficulties, as most of them, if not all, have lost livestock and crops against the shocks of climate, and witnessed shortage or absence of rainwater and pasture. As a result, their social lives have suffered most and changed for the worst. However, there are no early mitigation measures for the onset of persistent and perilous recurrent droughts. Meanwhile, prolonged droughts continue to reduce the number of herds and crops owned by these hardworking women which significantly diminishes their sole source of income. While the negative impacts of drought are highly gendered, the responses from both the Somaliland Government and civil society organizations are highly holistic and don’t give attention to gendered impact. It is essential to make these responses gendered if there is a need to bring about change to the most marginalized parts of society – the women.
Interrelations Between Education and Peace in Somaliland: Perceptions from University Students
Authors: Yasin Zuhur
Published: March 2023

Wars and violent conflicts inevitably affect institutions providing social services the most, including but not limited to, education and educational facilities of any country and the community within. The war and conflict with Somalia’s ruthless military regime from 1980–1991 in Somaliland affected both the facilities and their enrollment rate. The military deliberately shelled the urban centers and rural areas and all educational facilities across the country were in rubble and ruins. However, Somaliland citizens never gave up and have succeeded in their efforts to recover and rebuild their social, economic, and political infrastructures. In the mid-1990s, there were just a few primary schools. Since then, education has expanded rapidly with the number of primary and secondary schools rising quantitatively. Similarly, the prevalence of peace and stability has served as a vehicle of transformation and development, resulting in rising enrollment thereafter. This increase catalyzed the emergence of higher education institutions across the country. In line with this, defining and exploring the perception of the students towards the fragile, hard-earned peace and stability, and the role of the state is the central objective of this study. The study has utilized and analyzed both primary and secondary data. The conclusion suggests the need for re-visiting and re-conceptualizing of the curriculum in Somaliland to overcome the lackluster sense of nationalism apparent in its citizens. The outcome of this policy is entirely dependent on the integrated and collective approach of stakeholders to advance the nation’s education system, thereby sustaining the hard-won peace and stability in the state long-term.
Post-Conflict State Reconstruction in Somaliland: An African Perspective of Statebuilding Processes
Authors: Farah Mohamed
Published: March 2023

In January 1991, the central government of the Somali Democratic Republic collapsed as a result of local insurgency against Mohamed Siyad known who is also known as ‘Barre’. Somaliland, a former British protectorate which had united with Somalia in 1960 with the aim of uniting the divided Somali people in the Horn of Africa, declared its unilateral withdrawal from almost three decades union with Somalia but remains unrecognized by the rest of world. This paper will explore Somaliland’s journey of peace and statebuilding processes which has adopted a bottom-up, locally-driven, and traditionally-fashioned approach to post-conflict state reconstruction. The study adopts a qualitative research approach by conducting an in-depth interview and reviewing existing academic literature on African state reconstruction approaches. The study will critically apply and examine Aka Claude’s theory of ‘building from below’ in relation to the statebuilding process of Somaliland.