bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gas chromatography‐mass spectrophotometric profile of cold‐pressed Celastrus paniculatus seed oil and its high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic analysis emphasizing squalene content
Authors: Jarande Suvarna , Damle Mrinalini
Published: January 2024

Celastrus paniculatus, a medicinal plant with diverse therapeutic activities, is known as ‘malkangani’ in the traditional medicine system of India, Ayurveda. It is well known for its memory‐enhancing potential. The reported work involves the gas chromatography‐mass spectrophotometric analysis of cold‐pressed seed oil of Celastrus paniculatus. It revealed the presence of components such as monosaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated long‐chain fatty acids, and their derivatives. It also showed the presence of terpenes such as squalene, β amyrone, β amyrin acetate, and long‐chain hydrocarbons. Among all the constituents, squalene was found to be a major component. Hence, considering the potential pharmacological actions of squalene, a high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed for its quantification and subsequently validated as per the International Conference of Harmonization guidelines. A HPTLC fingerprint of oil was obtained on pre‐coated silica gel 60 F254 aluminum sheets, using n‐hexane‐diethyl ether‐glacial acetic acid (7:3:0.05 v/v/v). A densitometric scan was performed at 470 nm after derivatization with vanillin sulphuric acid to quantify squalene. A well‐resolved squalene peak was obtained at a retardation factor of 0.85. It is a simple approach for the estimation of squalene in Celastrus paniculatus seed oil for quality control.
Cooperative Robotic Fabrication for a Circular Economy
Authors: Bruun Edvard Patrick Grigori , Parascho Stefana , Adriaenssens Sigrid
Published: January 2024

In a cooperative robotic fabrication (CRF) framework, multiple industrial robots are specifically sequenced to work together, thus allowing them to execute coordinated processes with greater geometric and structural variation. In the context of the construction industry, agents in a cooperative setup can perform complementary functions such as placing or removing building components while simultaneously providing temporary support to a structure. This approach can reduce, or completely remove, the need for temporary external supports and scaffolding that would typically be required for stability during the construction of geometrically complex spanning spatial structures. For a circular economy, this means overall reductions to primary resource inputs and improvements to the disassembly, reuse, and reassembly potential of a structure at the end of its life. This chapter gives a summary of three projects that successfully demonstrate the use of cooperative robotic fabrication to promote several principles of a circular economy through different scaffold-free construction applications. The topics covered in this chapter will be of interest to researchers and professionals interested in the emergent intersection of digital fabrication, robotics, and sustainability applied to the building industry.
Introduction: Representative Foci in Neuroaesthetics—Subjectivist, Objectivist, and Interactionist Perspectives
Authors: Folgerø Per Olav
Published: January 2024

Welcome to Neuroaesthetics! This exciting, new, interdisciplinary field brings together subjects as seemingly far apart as neurobiology and art history and puts them in dialogue with one another. This Introduction is intended to briefly provide insights into some recent scientific works and methods in neuroaesthetics and to whet your appetite for the lectures and lab work that will follow.
Unit 6 Lesson: Coordination Techniques of Instructive-Educational Activities in the Field of Neuroaesthetics Using Problem-Based Learning (PBL)
Authors: Geman Oana , Motrescu Emanuela , Elvemo Johan Magnus
Published: January 2024

All creative processes begin by establishing an end goal, the realization of a vision to be. This intended purpose is the one directing a creator’s (or an author’s) experience of immersion in a thorough process of exploration. This process establishes the author’s ontological positioning and their relationship to the desired end result. Moreover, immersion in exploration creates space for identifying the best methods for uncovering and acquiring the knowledge to help refine this ontological positioning. Beliefs and attitudes in relation to the process of bringing the vision to life begin to more clearly emerge, building the grounds for epistemological inquiry. These personalized learning tools help inform the decisions made in the selection of the instruments and methods deemed appropriate for creative production. Alternatively, they can equally help in the selection of the right tools for scientific analysis and subsequent theory building. Thus, the scope of the intended result becomes more visibly delineated, regardless of its scientific or artistic nature. Finally, the ensuing strengths and limitations of these final products create a direct line of communication between the creator and the intended audience. Critiques and interpretations of the works are then issued by the public, in a dialogue that can continuously assess and reappraise these visions over time. In other words, differences in the work of creators and researchers, artists and academics begin to blur. Their projects, ideas or theories are meant to be sent out into the world in the hopes of either revealing something novel or in the hope of offering solutions to an existing predicament. Sometimes, the intended result is to spark inspiration. Other times, the work is meant to merely soothe, to offer relief of some kind. Hopefully, all proposed goals take place concurrently.
Unit 6 LAB: PBL in Neuroaesthetics Case Study: Strategizing the Use of Relevant Research Methods
Authors: Geman Oana , Motrescu Emanuela , Elvemo Johan Magnus
Published: January 2024

In this laboratory, we will apply Problem-Based Learning (PBL) techniques to focus on understanding the relevance and appropriateness of neuroaesthetics research methods. A series of tasks, about PBL in Neuroaesthetics. You will find relevant information necessary for giving your own reasoned answers to the questions:

What is Neuroaesthetics?

What does Neuroaesthetics do?

Why study Neuroaesthetics?

How will we put into practice what we have learned/what we will learn in this discipline?
Unit 1 Lesson: Behavioural Experiments—Research Designs, Statistical Power, Sample Size Case Study: Empathy and Closeness in Partnered Dance
Authors: Balinisteanu Tudor
Published: January 2024

This chapter offers an introduction to lab-based science research by delving into the basics of experimental research planning: research designs, statistical power, and selection of the number of participants required for a planned experiment. The theoretical points are illustrated with elements from a pilot study on empathy and closeness in partnered dance developed at Goldsmiths, University of London, entitled ‘Pilot Studies on Empathy and Closeness in Mutual Entrainment/Improvisation vs. Formalised Dance with Different Types of Rhythm (Regular, Irregular, and No Rhythm) and Coupling Visual, Haptic, Full Coupling): Building a Case for the Origin of Dance in Mutual Entrainment Empathic Interactions in the Mother–Infant Dyad’ (Balinisteanu, 2023).
Unit 1 Lab: Data Collection and Analysis—Repeated-Measures (Mixed) ANOVA and Factorial ANOVA Using SPSS Case Study: Empathy and Closeness in Partnered Dance
Authors: Balinisteanu Tudor
Published: January 2024

This section contains instructions for undertaking a small dance experiment and then analysing the collected data using mixed and factorial analyses of variance (ANOVAs). The instructions are presented in a step-by-step format with a description of tasks at each step and accompanying examples. Some of the experiment materials are also given at the end (the IRI and IOS questionnaires). This Lab is intended as a practical demonstration of concepts introduced in Lesson 1, which precedes it.
Unit 2 Overview: Neuroaesthetics Approaches to the Visual Arts—Perception Focus Topic: CGI-Generated Creative Content and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Breda Pamela
Published: January 2024

Neuroaesthetics seeks to unravel the neural mechanisms underlying both bottom-up and top-down processes in perception. By studying how the brain processes visual stimuli and how this processing relates to subjective aesthetic experiences, researchers aim to gain insights into the complex interplay between neural mechanisms, perception, and art appreciation. In this essay, I will focus in particular on neuroaesthetics studies focused on how the brain perceives and processes aesthetic stimuli in relation to visual artworks, and in particular to CGI-generated creative content, such as images and videos.
Unit 3 Overview: Neuroaesthetics Approaches to the Visual Arts—Creation
Authors: Teodorescu Marius A.
Published: January 2024

The unit overview is focused on the creation of art and aesthetic objects. Given the fact that the line between art and non-art has become thinner and thinner during the last decades, we pursue the creation of a varied number of visual media, ranging from classical portraits to selfie and selfie-editing behaviours. Also, we bring into view authorship issues, arising both from classical art philosophy and contemporary situations, such as AI-generated art. The function and meaning of portraits across the ages is a key part of the discussion in this chapter, treating art as utilitarian and aesthetic at the same time. Moreover, the reasons for creating art lay at the center of trying to analyze art creation from a neurological perspective. Defining the artist/creator and establishing his or her position as aesthetic expert becomes crucial in this respect. We present the current limitations in the field of neuroaesthetics regarding art and portrait creation and we try to re-contextualize research from the perception field of neuroaesthetics and apply it to the art-production field.
Conclusion: Ubiquitous Need for Epistemic Rights and the Way Forward
Authors: Watson Lani , Aslama Horowitz Minna , Nieminen Hannu , Lehtisaari Katja , D’Arma Alessandro
Published: January 2024

This chapter is based on a conversation between Lani Watson, author of The Right to Know: Epistemic Rights and Why We Need Them (2021), and the editors of this book. They discussed why epistemic rights are fundamental to our digital age, which institutions are central to their realisation, and what issues need to be made more prominent in considering epistemic rights in academia and beyond.
Examining Junior High School Students’ Collaborative Knowledge Building: Based on the Comparison of High- & Low-Performance Groups’ Mathematical Problem-Solving
Authors: Sun Binbo
Published: January 2024

Mathematical problem-solving-based collaborative learning’s (MPSCL) unique teaching value has attracted much attention among those interested in integrating “21st-century skills” in mathematics education and promoting practical and innovative talents. But learning improvement during this activity is still challenging because of some students’ lower learning efficiency and poor performance in collaborative problem-solving. Collaborative knowledge building (CKB) emphasises that students exchange views, discuss, negotiate, solve problems, and create valuable public knowledge for the team, and has become an important perspective reflecting this learning process and learning quality. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate junior high school students’ CKB process based on a comparison of high- and low-performance groups’ mathematical problem-solving. Design-based method was adapted to implement the experimental investigation. Choosing “Xiaoming’s Apartment” as a sample learning task, we evaluated the quality of the problem-solving solutions from 29 groups in three classes, selecting 48 students from 12 groups as research participants. The analysis framework was developed to analyse 3,244 interactive dialogues in more than 90,000 transcripts. Results suggest that students could carry out CKB as the core in general, and their CKB went through six stages, reached a deep level, and had a variety of interactive modes. But the proportion of discussion for knowledge building, “sublimation viewpoints,” and knowledge building of deep level in high-performance groups is higher than the low-performance groups, and the high-performance groups show a good spiral in the process of viewpoints evolution. The findings of these CKB characteristics provide evidence for enhancing MPSCL.
Apply Digital-Twin Model to Optimize the Planning of Equipment Pipeline System in the Laboratory Campus
Authors: Xinting Gao , Weimin Zhuang
Published: January 2024

Building Information Modeling plays an important role in laboratory design. The reasonable layout of the outdoor equipment pipeline is the key to supporting the efficient operation of the laboratory, increasing the flexibility of the laboratory space module, and planning a holistic smart campus space. However, the traditional BIM model lacks convenient visualization and interoperability in the early stage of the program and may lead to inconsistency. This paper aims to propose an integrated visual optimization model toolkit of the equipment and piping using the Rhino + Grasshopper platform. Based on this digital-twin model, the horizontal and vertical space required for the outdoor equipment piping system can be quickly calculated in the site planning stage. The workflow improves the efficiency and accuracy of equipment pipeline system design and reduces multiple design changes. After verifying the validity of the model through two virtual scenarios, it was demonstrated in a real laboratory campus. In the construction drawing stage, the toolkit was used to check whether the interspace of different professional pipeline meets the requirements. This paper expands the design concept, emphasizes the coupling relationship between pipelines and building space, and integrates the experimental and building space concepts throughout the design process.
Characterizing the Solution Space of Building Shading System Through Computational and Parametric Feed-Forward Design Approach
Authors: Zhang Qi , Li Linxue , Ma Nan , Shan Yunxiang , Braham William W.
Published: January 2024

Building shading systems play an important role in controlling solar heat gains, which can mitigate the impact of climate change on indoor environment. Effectively reducing cooling demand in summer and heating demand in winter requests further development of seasonally regulated shading systems. The main problem is to find a way that consumes less energy while reaching better comfort, which demonstrates potential for conducting an extensive search to parametrize configuration of shading. This paper aims to investigate the effects of building shading systems on energy and thermal performance in different seasonal conditions through a parametric design method, using Baoshan station in Shanghai, China as a case study to establish a baseline model and test different shading components’ direction, depth, spacing, and tilt angle. The method explores a large solution space at the beginning of design, establishing a variety of approaches that can inform the architectural design team. The results showed that a proper passive shading system can reduce energy consumption by about 13% while thermal comfort meets ASHRAE 55 standards. This finding indicates the possibility of improving the indoor thermal comfort while lessening building energy consumption.
OTTO: A Portable Urban Sensing Station to Survey the Energetic Footprint of Urban Microclimates
Authors: Balzar Mark , Balzar Zeynep Aksöz , Asan Galo Moncayo
Published: January 2024

OTTO (Orthographic Trans-territorial Operator) is a sensory device that collects data on the urban environment through multi-spectral sensing to study urban energy flows. We hypothesize that urban nature and energy are a combination of biological and technological factors that interact in a symbiotic environmental cycle. By examining their relationships, we can gain insight into the impact of climate change. OTTO aims to create a high-res survey of the urban environment by using a new combination of multi-spectral bands. This research maps the relationship between urban form and energy exchange to gain a deeper understanding of urban microclimates through multiple types of energy data.
Making Matter: Small-Scale Biomorphogenic Prototype Based on Ulva-Algae-Biopolymer
Authors: Chen Haoyi , Pasquero Claudia
Published: January 2024

Recent developments in digital architecture have placed a renewed focus on sustainable architectural materials and the circularity of material systems. Algae has emerged as a promising material for mitigating the effects of climate change due to its ability to absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide. However, the disposal of algal biomass can lead to significant CO2 emissions and air pollution. The upcycling of algae into composite materials can promote circular economies by reducing the demand for petroleum-based products. In this context, this research explores the potential of Ulva algae in creating 3D-printed architectural prototypes based on bio-algorithm. An experimental analysis of the material properties of algae-based plastic is conducted and compared to similar reference products. This study argues for the importance of designing and fabricating these materials at the required scale while leveraging bio-thinking principles to create closed-loop systems and maximize the potential of natural resources.
Weaving Tectonics: Algorithmically Optimised Robotic FRP Weaving of Large Scale Planar Forms
Authors: Boyter-Grant Kelton , Xin Zhouyang , Bao Ding Wen , Yan Xin , Luo Dan
Published: January 2024

Steel reinforced concrete is a widely used material for constructing large spanning planar building elements due to its strength, durability, and low cost, but its environmental impact, long fabrication time, and relatively low structural performance demonstrate the need for innovation. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel design methodology and fabrication method that integrates robotic Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) woven reinforcement that is optimized using a Multi-Weight Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (MW-BESO) algorithm. The optimized FRP reinforcement is then cast in epoxy resin to produce the large scale planar building element. The methodology is evaluated through a Tabletop prototype and other small-scale rapid prototypes, which demonstrate the successes, challenges, and limitations of this approach. The study outlines the material and methodological testing conducted to assess the effectiveness of using the MW-BESO algorithm with robotic FRP weaving and describes the workflow of transforming the resulting 3D MW-BESO geometry into a 2D robotic winding path for fabrication. The research shows that this methodology has the potential to reduce the environmental impact, stimulate innovative design solutions, and streamline the fabrication of large scale building elements, providing a promising avenue for the development of sustainable and efficient construction techniques.
A ν window onto leptoquarks?
Authors: Kirk Matthew , Okawa Shohei , Wu Keyun
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Upcoming neutrino telescopes promise a new window onto the interactions of neutrinos with matter at ultrahigh energies (Eν = 107–1010 GeV), and the possibility to detect deviations from the Standard Model predictions. In this paper, we update previous predictions for the enhancement of the neutrino-nucleon cross-section for motivated leptoquark models and show the latest neutrino physics bound, as well as analyse the latest LHC pair production and Drell-Yan data, and flavour constraints (some of which were previously missed). We find that, despite the next generation of neutrino experiments probing the highest energies, they will not be enough to be competitive with collider searches.
On higher-spin points and infinite distances in conformal manifolds
Authors: Baume Florent , Calderón-Infante José
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Distances in the conformal manifold, the space of CFTs related by marginal deformations, can be measured in terms of the Zamolodchikov metric. Part of the CFT Distance Conjecture posits that points in this manifold where part of the spectrum becomes free, called higher-spin points, can only be at infinite distance from the interior. There, an infinite tower of operators become conserved currents, and the conformal symmetry is enhanced to a higher-spin algebra. This proposal was initially motivated by the Swampland Distance Conjecture, one of pillars of the Swampland Program. In this work, we show that the conjecture can be tackled using only methods from the conformal toolkit, and without relying on the existence of a weakly-coupled gravity dual. Via conformal perturbation theory combined with properties of correlators and of the higher-spin algebra, we establish that higher-spin points are indeed at infinite distance in the conformal manifold. We make no assumptions besides the usual properties of local CFTs, such as unitarity and the existence of an energy-momentum tensor. In particular, we do not rely on a specific dimension of spacetime (although we assume d > 2), nor do we require the presence of supersymmetry.
Isospin symmetry and analyticity in $$ D\to \overline{K}\pi \pi $$ decays
Authors: Kou Emi , Moskalets Tetiana , Moussallam Bachir
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We perform a detailed study of the consequences of isospin symmetry in the Cabibbo favoured $$ D\to \overline{K}\pi \pi $$
D
→

K
¯

ππ
decays. These processes are important for precision testing of the Standard Model and for hadronic physics. Combining isospin symmetry with a dispersive reconstruction theorem we derive a representation in terms of one-variable functions which allows one to predict all the $$ D\to \overline{K}\pi \pi $$
D
→

K
¯

ππ
amplitudes given inputs from one D+ mode and one D0 mode. From this, using dispersion relations and unitarity, we derive a set of 6+6 Khuri-Treiman type integral equations which enable to take three-body rescattering effects into account. A first test of this approach is presented using experimental results on the D+→ KSπ0π+ and the D0→ KSπ−π+ modes.
Modeling AI Trust for 2050: perspectives from media and info-communication experts
Authors: Feher Katalin , Vicsek Lilla , Deuze Mark
Published: January 2024

The study explores the future of AI-driven media and info-communication as envisioned by experts from all world regions, defining relevant terminology and expectations for 2050. Participants engaged in a 4-week series of surveys, questioning their definitions and projections about AI for the field of media and communication. Their expectations predict universal access to democratically available, automated, personalized and unbiased information determined by trusted narratives, recolonization of information technology and the demystification of the media process. These experts, as technology ambassadors, advocate AI-to-AI solutions to mitigate technology-driven misuse and misinformation. The optimistic scenarios shift responsibility to future generations, relying on AI-driven solutions and finding inspiration in nature. Their present-based forecasts could be construed as being indicative of professional near-sightedness and cognitive dissonance. Visualizing our findings into a Glasses Model of AI Trust, the study contributes to key debates regarding AI policy, developmental trajectories, and academic research in media and info-communication fields.
Managing cutoff-based shipment promises for order fulfilment processes in warehousing
Authors: Mohring Uta , Jacobi Christoph , Furmans Kai , Stolletz Raik
Published: January 2024

Warehouses recently face increasing stress imposed by a volatile customer demand and increasing customer expectations in terms of ever shorter order response times. In that respect, warehouses more and more offer same-day and next-day shipment conditions. However, same-day shipment promises are challenging to fulfil, especially as the order fulfilment process operates against fixed deadlines imposed by the predefined truck departure times. As a natural mitigation strategy, warehouses set a cutoff point and offer same-day shipment only to customers that order until the cutoff point, but next-day shipment to all customers ordering thereafter. Setting an appropriate cutoff point is challenging as it affects multiple facets of the service quality, such as the order response time and the service level. In this paper, we study the design of cutoff-based shipment promises for stochastic deadline-oriented order fulfilment processes in warehouses. We present a discrete-time Markov chain model for exact steady-state performance analysis and propose two novel performance measures – $$\alpha-$$

α
-

and $$\beta-$$

β
-

cutoff service level – for service level measurement in these systems. We numerically show the benefit of cutoff-based shipment promises. Even with a late cutoff point, there is a significant gain in the system performance. Furthermore, we find that warehouses should set the cutoff point such that it balances customer expectations in terms of service level and order response time. Finally, warehouses can improve their shipment promises when referring to $$\beta-$$

β
-

instead of $$\alpha-$$

α
-

cutoff service level and by implementing measures reducing the utilisation and the variabilities of the order fulfilment process.
Hybrid pathways of denitrification drive N2O but not N2 emissions from an acid-sulphate sugarcane soil
Authors: Kirkby Robert , Friedl Johannes , De Rosa Daniele , Clough Timothy J. , Rowlings David W. , Grace Peter R.
Published: January 2024

Acid-sulphate sugarcane soils in the subtropics are known hot-spots for nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, yet the reduction of reactive N2O to non-reactive dinitrogen (N2) via specific pathways remains a major uncertainty for nitrogen (N) cycling and loss from these soils. This study investigated the magnitude and the N2O:N2 partitioning of N2O and N2 losses from a subtropical acid-sulphate soil under sugarcane production using the 15N gas flux method, establishing the contribution of hybrid (co- and chemo-denitrification) and heterotrophic denitrification to N2O and N2 losses. Soils were fertilised with potassium nitrate, equivalent to 25 and 50 kg N ha−1, watered close to saturation then incubated over 30 days. An innovative, fully automated incubation system coupled to an isotope-ratio mass-spectrometer enabled real time analysis of 15N2O and 15N2 at sub-diel resolution. Peak losses of N2O and N2 reached 6.5 kg N ha−1 day−1, totalling > 50 kg of N2O+N2-N ha−1. Emissions were dominated by N2, accounting for more than 57% of N2O+N2 losses, demonstrating that the reduction of N2O to N2 proceeded even under highly acidic conditions. Over 40% of N2O, but only 2% of N2 emissions, were produced via hybrid pathways. These findings demonstrate hybrid pathways are generally limited to N2O production, likely driven by high organic matter content and low soil pH, promoting both biotic, and abiotic nitrosation. Regardless of the underlying process, the magnitude of the N2O emissions demonstrates the environmental, but also the potential agronomic significance, of hybrid pathways of N2O formation for N loss from fertilised acid-sulphate soils.
Acute antiarrhythmic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors–dapagliflozin lowers the excitability of atrial cardiomyocytes
Authors: Paasche Amelie , Wiedmann Felix , Kraft Manuel , Seibertz Fitzwilliam , Herlt Valerie , Blochberger Pablo L. , Jávorszky Natasa , Beck Moritz , Weirauch Leo , Seeger Timon , Blank Antje , Haefeli Walter E. , Arif Rawa , Meyer Anna L. , Warnecke Gregor , Karck Matthias , Voigt Niels , Frey Norbert , Schmidt Constanze
Published: January 2024

In recent years, SGLT2 inhibitors have become an integral part of heart failure therapy, and several mechanisms contributing to cardiorenal protection have been identified. In this study, we place special emphasis on the atria and investigate acute electrophysiological effects of dapagliflozin to assess the antiarrhythmic potential of SGLT2 inhibitors. Direct electrophysiological effects of dapagliflozin were investigated in patch clamp experiments on isolated atrial cardiomyocytes. Acute treatment with elevated-dose dapagliflozin caused a significant reduction of the action potential inducibility, the amplitude and maximum upstroke velocity. The inhibitory effects were reproduced in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and were more pronounced in atrial compared to ventricular cells. Hypothesizing that dapagliflozin directly affects the depolarization phase of atrial action potentials, we examined fast inward sodium currents in human atrial cardiomyocytes and found a significant decrease of peak sodium current densities by dapagliflozin, accompanied by a moderate inhibition of the transient outward potassium current. Translating these findings into a porcine large animal model, acute elevated-dose dapagliflozin treatment caused an atrial-dominant reduction of myocardial conduction velocity in vivo. This could be utilized for both, acute cardioversion of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation episodes and rhythm control of persistent atrial fibrillation. In this study, we show that dapagliflozin alters the excitability of atrial cardiomyocytes by direct inhibition of peak sodium currents. In vivo, dapagliflozin exerts antiarrhythmic effects, revealing a potential new additional role of SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of atrial arrhythmias.
Macrophage-based therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Sansonetti Marida , Al Soodi Bashar , Thum Thomas , Jung Mira
Published: January 2024

Despite the advances in treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVDs) remains the leading cause of death over the world. Chronic inflammatory response and irreversible fibrosis are the main underlying pathophysiological causes of progression of CVDs. In recent decades, cardiac macrophages have been recognized as main regulatory players in the development of these complex pathophysiological conditions. Numerous approaches aimed at macrophages have been devised, leading to novel prospects for therapeutic interventions. Our review covers the advancements in macrophage-centric treatment plans for various pathologic conditions and examines the potential consequences and obstacles of employing macrophage-targeted techniques in cardiac diseases.
Disruption of MAM integrity in mutant FUS oligodendroglial progenitors from hiPSCs
Authors: Zhu Yingli , Burg Thibaut , Neyrinck Katrien , Vervliet Tim , Nami Fatemeharefeh , Vervoort Ellen , Ahuja Karan , Sassano Maria Livia , Chai Yoke Chin , Tharkeshwar Arun Kumar , De Smedt Jonathan , Hu Haibo , Bultynck Geert , Agostinis Patrizia , Swinnen Johannes V. , Van Den Bosch Ludo , da Costa Rodrigo Furtado Madeiro , Verfaillie Catherine
Published: January 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by selective loss of motor neurons (MNs). A number of causative genetic mutations underlie the disease, including mutations in the fused in sarcoma (FUS) gene, which can lead to both juvenile and late-onset ALS. Although ALS results from MN death, there is evidence that dysfunctional glial cells, including oligodendroglia, contribute to neurodegeneration. Here, we used human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) with a R521H or a P525L mutation in FUS and their isogenic controls to generate oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) by inducing SOX10 expression from a TET-On SOX10 cassette. Mutant and control iPSCs differentiated efficiently into OPCs. RNA sequencing identified a myelin sheath-related phenotype in mutant OPCs. Lipidomic studies demonstrated defects in myelin-related lipids, with a reduction of glycerophospholipids in mutant OPCs. Interestingly, FUSR521H OPCs displayed a decrease in the phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio, known to be associated with maintaining membrane integrity. A proximity ligation assay further indicated that mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM) were diminished in both mutant FUS OPCs. Moreover, both mutant FUS OPCs displayed increased susceptibility to ER stress when exposed to thapsigargin, and exhibited impaired mitochondrial respiration and reduced Ca2+ signaling from ER Ca2+ stores. Taken together, these results demonstrate a pathological role of mutant FUS in OPCs, causing defects in lipid metabolism associated with MAM disruption manifested by impaired mitochondrial metabolism with increased susceptibility to ER stress and with suppressed physiological Ca2+ signaling. As such, further exploration of the role of oligodendrocyte dysfunction in the demise of MNs is crucial and will provide new insights into the complex cellular mechanisms underlying ALS.
Two different methods to digitally visualize continuous electrocochleography potentials during cochlear implantation: a first description of feasibility
Authors: Eichler Theda , Lakomek Antonia , Waschkies Laura , Meyer Moritz , Sadok Nadia , Lang Stephan , Arweiler-Harbeck Diana
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The study explores the potential of real-time electrocochleographic potentials (ECochG) visualization during electrode insertion using digital microscopes such as RoboticScope (BHS®). Collaborative software development of the MAESTRO Software (MED-EL®) offers continuous ECochG monitoring during implantation and postoperative hearing evaluation, addressing previous time constraints. The study aims to assess software applicability and the impact of real-time visualization on long-term residual hearing preservation.

Methods

Eight patients with residual hearing underwent cochlear implantation with Flex26 or Flex28 electrode according to the Otoplan evaluation. ECochG responses were measured and visualized during electrode insertion, with insertion times recorded. Two randomized display methods (graph and arrows) tracked ECochG potentials. Postoperative behavioral thresholds determined hearing preservation. Successful real-time intraoperative ECochG visualization was achieved in all cases, enabling surgeon adaptation. Mean electrode insertion time was 114 s, with postoperative thresholds comparable to preoperative values. Visualization did not affect surgeon workload. ECochG amplitudes differed between patients with and without residual hearing.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates effective implementation of advanced ECochG software combined with real-time visualization, enabling residual hearing preservation during CI. Visualization had no apparent effect on surgeon performance or workload. Future investigation involving a larger population will assess the long-term impact of ECochG on hearing threshold and structure preservation.
Lifetime excess absolute risk for lung cancer due to exposure to radon: results of the pooled uranium miners cohort study PUMA
Authors: Kreuzer M. , Sommer M. , Deffner V. , Bertke S. , Demers P. A. , Kelly-Reif K. , Laurier D. , Rage E. , Richardson D. B. , Samet J. M. , Schubauer-Berigan M. K. , Tomasek L. , Wiggins C. , Zablotska L. B. , Fenske N.
Published: January 2024

The Pooled Uranium Miners Analysis (PUMA) study is the largest uranium miners cohort with 119,709 miners, 4.3 million person-years at risk and 7754 lung cancer deaths. Excess relative rate (ERR) estimates for lung cancer mortality per unit of cumulative exposure to radon progeny in working level months (WLM) based on the PUMA study have been reported. The ERR/WLM was modified by attained age, time since exposure or age at exposure, and exposure rate. This pattern was found for the full PUMA cohort and the 1960 + sub-cohort, i.e., miners hired in 1960 or later with chronic low radon exposures and exposure rates. The aim of the present paper is to calculate the lifetime excess absolute risk (LEAR) of lung cancer mortality per WLM using the PUMA risk models, as well as risk models derived in previously published smaller uranium miner studies, some of which are included in PUMA. The same methods were applied for all risk models, i.e., relative risk projection up to <95 years of age, an exposure scenario of 2 WLM per year from age 18–64 years, and baseline mortality rates representing a mixed Euro-American-Asian population. Depending upon the choice of model, the estimated LEAR per WLM are 5.38 × 10−4 or 5.57 × 10−4 in the full PUMA cohort and 7.50 × 10−4 or 7.66 × 10−4 in the PUMA 1960 + sub-cohort, respectively. The LEAR per WLM estimates derived from risk models reported for previously published uranium miners studies range from 2.5 × 10−4 to 9.2 × 10−4. PUMA strengthens knowledge on the radon-related lung cancer LEAR, a useful way to translate models for policy purposes.
Clinical recommendations for the inpatient management of lower respiratory tract infections in children and adolescents with severe neurological impairment in Germany
Authors: Mauritz Maximilian David , von Both Ulrich , Dohna-Schwake Christian , Gille Christian , Hasan Carola , Huebner Johannes , Hufnagel Markus , Knuf Markus , Liese Johannes G. , Renk Hanna , Rudolph Henriette , Schulze-Sturm Ulf , Simon Arne , Stehling Florian , Tenenbaum Tobias , Zernikow Boris
Published: January 2024

Children and adolescents with severe neurological impairment (SNI) require specialized care due to their complex medical needs. In particular, these patients are often affected by severe and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). These infections, including viral and bacterial etiology, pose a significant risk to these patients, often resulting in respiratory insufficiency and long-term impairments. Using expert consensus, we developed clinical recommendations on the management of LRTIs in children and adolescents with SNI. These recommendations emphasize comprehensive multidisciplinary care and antibiotic stewardship. Initial treatment should involve symptomatic care, including hydration, antipyretics, oxygen therapy, and respiratory support. In bacterial LRTIs, antibiotic therapy is initiated based on the severity of the infection, with aminopenicillin plus a beta-lactamase inhibitor recommended for community-acquired LRTIs and piperacillin-tazobactam for patients with chronic lung disease or tracheostomy. Ongoing management includes regular evaluations, adjustments to antibiotic therapy based on pathogen identification, and optimization of supportive care. Implementation of these recommendations aims to improve the diagnosis and treatment of LRTIs in children and adolescents with SNI.

What is Known:• Children and adolescents with severe neurological impairment are particularly affected by severe and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs).• The indication and choice of antibiotic therapy for bacterial LRTI is often difficult because there are no evidence-based treatment recommendations for this heterogeneous but vulnerable patient population; the frequent overuse of broad-spectrum or reserve antibiotics in this patient population increases selection pressure for multidrug-resistant pathogens.

What is New:• The proposed recommendations provide a crucial framework for focused diagnostics and treatment of LRTIs in children and adolescents with severe neurological impairment.• Along with recommendations for comprehensive and multidisciplinary therapy and antibiotic stewardship, ethical and palliative care aspects are taken into account.
Prediction of gastrointestinal symptoms trajectories using omega-3 and inflammatory biomarkers in early-stage breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Arcos Daniela , Ng Ding Quan , Ke Yu , Toh Yi Long , Chan Alexandre
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, negatively impacting treatment outcomes and quality of life. Evidence points to inflammatory processes as the underlying cause of chemotherapy-associated GI symptoms. Relatedly, omega-3 (n-3) has been linked to anti-inflammatory processes. The primary objective of this study was to examine the associations between baseline n-3, baseline inflammatory markers and GI symptom progression in early-stage breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

Methods

In this secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study, we analyzed baseline levels of inflammatory biomarkers (measured using a Luminex bead-immunoassay) and plasma levels of DHA, EPA, and FFA (measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). GI symptoms were assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire in Cancer Patients (EORTC QLQ-C30) symptom scale scores at baseline (T1) and at least 6 weeks after, during chemotherapy (T2). Inferential statistics were used to analyze associations between the variables of interest.

Results

The analysis included 31 female breast cancer patients (mean age ± SD = 50.5 ± 8.8; 89.6% receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy). Higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) predicted increases in appetite loss. Similarly, higher IL-8 predicted worsened nausea and vomiting.

Conclusion

Baseline IL-8 and DHA predicted GI symptom progression in early-stage breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Future studies are required to evaluate how therapeutic intervention targeting these biomarkers may mitigate gastrointestinal symptoms in cancer patients.
COVID-19 pandemic impact on adolescent mental health: a reassessment accounting for development
Authors: Wright N. , Hill J. , Sharp H. , Refberg-Brown M. , Crook D. , Kehl S. , Pickles A.
Published: January 2024

Current prospective reports suggest a pandemic-related increase in adolescent mental health problems. We examine whether age-related change over 11–14 years accounts for this increase. Mothers and adolescents in a UK-based birth cohort (Wirral Child Health and Development Study; WCHADS; N = 737) reported on adolescent depression and behavioural problems pre-pandemic (December 2019–March 2020), mid-pandemic (June 2020–March 2021) and late pandemic (July 2021–March 2022). Analysis used repeated measures models for over-dispersed Poisson counts with an adolescent-specific intercept with age as a time-varying covariate. Maturational curves for girls, but not for boys, showed a significant increase in self-reported depression symptoms over ages 11–14 years. Behavioural problems decreased for both. After adjusting for age-related change, girls’ depression increased by only 13% at mid-pandemic and returned to near pre-pandemic level at late pandemic (mid versus late – 12%), whereas boys’ depression increased by 31% and remained elevated (mid versus late 1%). Age-adjusted behavioural problems increased for both (girls 40%, boys 41%) and worsened from mid- to late pandemic (girls 33%, boys 18%). Initial reports of a pandemic-related increase in depression in young adolescent girls could be explained by a natural maturational rise. In contrast, maturational decreases in boys’ depression and both boys’ and girls’ behavioural problems may mask an effect of the pandemic.
A conceptual framework for context-driven self-adaptive intelligent user interface based on Android
Authors: Ali Mughees , Khan Saif Ur Rehman , Mashkoor Atif , Taskeen Anam
Published: January 2024

Adaptive User Interface (AUI) can change its layout, appearance, and/or elements based on the needs of its user requirements and current usage context. The AUIs are used in state-of-the-art software products, applications for mobile devices, and websites. Moreover, AUI is an emerging research field in a mobile context, as it can enhance usability, performance, and user satisfaction. This study aims to propose a conceptual framework for developing a real-time self-adaptive user interface based on the Android Operating System (OS). Furthermore, the focus is on developing the core algorithms for the modules of the proposed framework. To evaluate the performance of the proposed framework, three case studies have been designed based on the daily and weekly activities of the user. Moreover, an expert-based validation approach is employed to obtain the expert’s feedback regarding the proposed framework. The result indicates that the proposed framework helps improve user satisfaction and experience by making an intelligent mobile device interface. The results of the framework’s evaluation and validation show the proposed framework’s feasibility and effectiveness. We conclude that the current work is beneficial in filling the identified research gap. Moreover, this research shows the significance of an adaptive interface in an Android OS-based context. In addition, it not only helps in improving the user interest and satisfaction but also enhances the overall performance of the mobile device.
Euglena mutabilis exists in a FAB consortium with microbes that enhance cadmium tolerance
Authors: Kaszecki Emma , Palberg Daniel , Grant Mikaella , Griffin Sarah , Dhanjal Chetan , Capperauld Michael , Emery R. J. Neil , Saville Barry J.
Published: January 2024

Background

Synthetic algal–fungal and algal–bacterial cultures have been investigated as a means to enhance the technological applications of the algae. This inclusion of other microbes has enhanced growth and improved stress tolerance of the algal culture. The goal of the current study was to investigate natural microbial consortia to gain an understanding of the occurrence and benefits of these associations in nature. The photosynthetic protist Euglena mutabilis is often found in association with other microbes in acidic environments with high heavy metal (HM) concentrations. This may suggest that microbial interactions are essential for the protist’s ability to tolerate these extreme environments. Our study assessed the Cd tolerance of a natural fungal–algal–bacterial (FAB) association whereby the algae is E. mutabilis.

Results

This study provides the first assessment of antibiotic and antimycotic agents on an E. mutabilis culture. The results indicate that antibiotic and antimycotic applications significantly decreased the viability of E. mutabilis cells when they were also exposed to Cd. Similar antibiotic treatments of E. gracilis cultures had variable or non-significant impacts on Cd tolerance. E. gracilis also recovered better after pre-treatment with antibiotics and Cd than did E. mutabilis. The recoveries were assessed by heterotrophic growth without antibiotics or Cd. In contrast, both Euglena species displayed increased chlorophyll production upon Cd exposure. PacBio full-length amplicon sequencing and targeted Sanger sequencing identified the microbial species present in the E. mutabilis culture to be the fungus Talaromyces sp. and the bacterium Acidiphilium acidophilum.

Conclusion

This study uncovers a possible fungal, algal, and bacterial relationship, what we refer to as a FAB consortium. The members of this consortium interact to enhance the response to Cd exposure. This results in a E. mutabilis culture that has a higher tolerance to Cd than the axenic E. gracilis. The description of this interaction provides a basis for explore the benefits of natural interactions. This will provide knowledge and direction for use when creating or maintaining FAB interactions for biotechnological purposes, including bioremediation.