bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Cover Crops for Benefits, Costs and Performance within Cropping System Niches
Authors: Snapp S. S. , Swinton S. M. , Labarta R. , Mutch D. , Black J. R. , Leep R. , Nyiraneza J. , O'Neil K.
Published: June 2021

The integration of cover crops into cropping systems brings costs and benefits, both internal and external to the farm. Benefits include promoting pest‐suppression, soil and water quality, nutrient cycling efficiency, and cash crop productivity. Costs of adopting cover crops include increased direct costs, potentially reduced income if cover crops interfere with other attractive crops, slow soil warming, difficulties in predicting N mineralization, and production expenses. Cover crop benefits tend to be higher in irrigated systems. The literature is reviewed here along with Michigan farmer experience to evaluate promising cover crop species for four niches: Northern winter (USDA Hardiness Zones 5–6), Northern summer (Zones 5–6), Southern winter (Zones 7–8), and Southern summer (Zones 7–8). Warm season C4 grasses are outstanding performers for summer niches (6–9 Mg ha−1), and rye (Secale cereale L.) is the most promising for winter niches (0.8–6 Mg ha−1) across all hardiness zones reviewed. Legume–cereal mixtures such as sudangrass (Sorghum sudanese L.)–cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) are the most effective means to produce substantial amounts (28 Mg ha−1) of mixed quality residues. Legume covers are slow growers and expensive to establish. At the same time, legumes fix N, produce high quality but limited amounts (0.5–4 Mg ha−1) of residues, and enhance beneficial insect habitat. Brassica species produce glucosinolate‐containing residues (2–6 Mg ha−1) and suppress plant‐parasitic nematodes and soil‐borne disease. Legume cover crops are the most reliable means to enhance cash crop yields compared with fallows or other cover crop species. However, farmer goals and circumstances must be considered. If soil pests are a major yield limiting factor in cash crop production, then use of brassica cover crops should be considered. Cereal cover crops produce the largest amount of biomass and should be considered when the goal is to rapidly build soil organic matter. Legume–cereal or brassica–cereal mixtures show promise over a wide range of niches.
Modelling “Self” through Writing – Lin Yutang as a Philosopher of the Art of Life
Authors: Filipczuk Magdalena
Published: June 2021

U radu rekonstruiram filozofijsku praksu Lina Yutanga i argumentiram da se njegova misao može tumačiti kao filozofija umjetnosti života. Ističem
da je bit Linove filozofijske prakse umjetnost pisanja. Slično drugim filozofima umjetnosti života, Lin je umjetnik i filozof ujedno. Dakle, on sam središnja je tema njegovih eseja. U svojoj performativnoj umjetnosti, Lin konstruira svoje »sebstvo« i oblikuje model filozofijskog života duboko ukorijenjenog u tradiciju kineske kulture dokolice. Model svakodnevnog života kako ga predlaže Lin je, stoga, mišljen da nadahne čitatelja.
Wittgenstein’s Tractatus and the Descriptiveness of Elementary Propositions
Authors: Hesamifar Abdurrazzaq , Baqershahi Alinaqi
Published: June 2021

Prema Wittgensteinovu mišljenju, temeljne propozicije ne mogu se analizirati u daljnje propozicije. U T. 4.22, Wittgenstein govori o imenima kao konstituentima temeljnih propozicija. Što misli pod imenima? Ne misli vlastita imena jer se takva imena referiraju na kompleksna bića. Prema njegovu mišljenju, »ime znači predmet« (T. 3.203), »predmeti su jednostavni« (T. 2.02), a »analiza propozicija mora nas dovesti do temeljnih propozicija koje se sastoje od imena u izravnoj povezanosti« (T. 4.221). Oko deskriptivnosti temeljnih propozicija vodi se spor. Teorija slike, prihvaćena kod ranog Wittgensteina, govori nam o tome da je nužno referirati se na neki izvanjski predmet da bi propozicija imala značenje. Međutim, u Tractatusu, nema oprimjerenja za temeljne propozicije i njihove konstituente, tj. predmete. Stoga, jednadžba između stanja stvari i temeljnih propozicija ili između predmeta i vlastitih imena možda je samo logička jednadžba bez empirijskog sadržaja, usprkos pozitivističkom čitanju Tractatusa koji promovira empirističko tumačenje. Ovaj rad nastoji pokazati da bi, polazeći od teorije slike, temeljne propozicije trebale opisivati nešto u stvarnom svijetu. Bez obzira na to, budući da ono što je njima opisano ne može biti označeno i referirano nikakvom pokaznom definicijom, osim u logičkom smislu riječi, upitan je i kontroverzan način na koji opisuju i predočuju stvarnost.
Photoplethysmographic characteristics of the efficiency of the calf muscle-venous pump in norm and in patients with cvd of various clinical classes according to CEAP
Authors: Shaydakov E. V. , Sannikov A. B.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. A literature review on the use of plethysmographic methods for studying the features of venous blood flow in lower extremities under physiological conditions and for global assessment of venous hemodynamics in chronic venous diseases urges to conduct further studies.The aim of the study was to carrying off a detailed statistical analysis of the value of the refilling time (RT) obtained during a photoplethysmographic study (PPG) to evaluate the degree of effectiveness of the calf muscle-venous pump in normal and in patients of different clinical classes according to CEAR.Materials and methods. For the period from 2002 to 2012, 116 healthy individuals with no symptoms of chronic venous diseases and 530 patients with CVD were examined with the use of PPG, with their distribution in accordance with the CEAR international classification as follows: C0-C1 – 140 people (26.42%), C2-C3 – 218 people (41.13%) and 172 persons (32.45%) had trophic disorders, that is, they belonged to the C4-C6 clinical classes. The analysis of the statistical significance of the obtained mathematical characteristics in groups by conducting a t-test for two independent samples calculated by the program and the student’s criterion Z-statistics, to conduct a correlation analysis.Results and discussion. Statistical comparative analysis of the RT value as a result of the t-test at the significance level p < 0,05 showed statistically significant differences between С0-С1, С2-С3 and С4-С6 groups with test with (or no) compression cuff. A stable correlation of average strength was observed between the groups in all cases. The differences were not statistically significant between the Norm and C0-C1 groups. The testing hypotheses for adequacy using linear regression methods allowed us to conclude that conducting a photoplethysmographic examination of patients with CVD of different clinical classes as part of the venous reflux test can provide objective information about the effectiveness of the calf muscle - venous pump. A comparative analysis in groups using the criteria RT > 20 sec and 10 < RT < 20 sec showed that there was no correlation between many groups.Conclusion. PPG is not a universal tool for diagnosing disorders of venous hemodynamics in the lower extremities. The value of RT > 20 seconds can be used as a criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the calf muscle-venous pump, since more than 70% of cases occur in norm and in patients with C0-C1 clinical classes.
Experience of using an adjustable inextensible compression bandage in a patient with secondary lymphedema of the right upper limb
Authors: Yarovenko G. V. , Katorkin S. E.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Secondary upper-extremity lymphedema is most commonly caused by lymphadenectomy and radiotherapy (RT) of regional lymph nodes. Lymphatic edema differ in the fact that they lead to fibrotic changes in tissues, as the lymph contains up to 2–4% of protein, which causes a specific histopathological response. Proteins, as well as tissue protein-polysaccharide complexes, undergo transformations leading to pathological collagenization, and then to hyalinization and sclerosis. A vicious circle of pathological processes stemming from biophysical and chemical changes in proteins and polysaccharides with metabolic disorders occurs. Compression therapy is the most important component of the fight against both upper- and lower-extremity edema of various origins at any stage of the disease.The aim is to assess the postoperative stabilization of the upper-extremity edema state due to the patient’s self-bandaging using inelastic bandages and the possibility of personalized adjustment of pressure to be applied at the required level. The article provides indications for the use of an adjustable inelastic compression bandage to stabilize edema, and reviews a clinical example of its postoperative use in a patient with grade 4 secondary right upper-extremity lymphedema. Particular emphasis is placed on the versatility of adjustable inelastic compression bandage and the expediency of its widespread use in clinical practice.Conclusion. Simplicity and ease of use with an option to self-adjust and maintain the stable level of therapeutic pressure throughout the entire period of medical rehabilitation, as well as minimization of doctor’s involvement, allow us to recommend the adjustable inelastic compression bandage for effective use in wide clinical practice.
Evaluation of immediate and long-term results of treatment of post-radiation injuries of the rectum
Authors: Teryushkova Z. I. , Vazhenin A. V. , Vasilyev V. S. , Vasilyev S. A. , Timerbulatov V. M.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Treatment of post-radiation damage to the rectum is a complex medical problem. The search for new methods of treatment for this category of patients based on modern achievements in regenerative surgery is urgent.The aim of the study was to evaluate the immediate and long-term results of treatment of post-radiation lesions of the rectum using microfat grafting.Materials and methods. The study involved 66 patients — women aged 28 to 83 years inclusive with complications of radiation therapy (rectovaginal fistulas, radiation proctitis, radiation ulcers).Results and discussion. After the treatment, there is a tendency to improve the condition. So, if before the procedure the average sizes of fistulas and ulcers were 1.67 ± 0.54 cm in diameter, then after 3 months these indicators were 1.39 ± 0.54, and after 6 months — 1.1 ± 0.56 cm Complete epithelialization of the defect was observed in all patients. The period for which it was possible to achieve complete epithelialization varies from 6 months to 2 years. On average, to achieve complete epithelialization of post-radiation damage to the rectum, most patients required 3 injections of autologous adipose tissue. Also, all patients showed an improvement in elastometry indices over time. As a result of treatment, there is a tendency to improve the quality of life of patients.Conclutions. The study allows us to conclude about the effectiveness of the treatment, as well as that in the long term, the treatment will also be effective, the likelihood of relapse is minimal.
Modern and promising ways of bowel preparation for instrumental research
Authors: Kanner E. V. , Maximov M. L. , Ermolaeva A. S. , Kanner I. D. , Lapkin N. M.
Published: June 2021

A review is presented to summarize data on intestinal preparation approaches and methods for research. The historical background and main stages in the development of the intestinal lavage method are highlighted, and traditional and modern methods of evaluating its effectiveness are characterized. Dietary recommendations and information about the basic drugs used nowadays in preparation of the intestine for instrumental research are adduced. Clinical aspects of different types of osmotic action of drugs are considered. The composition of laxatives for salt and electrolyte components in terms of potential benefit and risk in patients is analyzed. The main positions of the current recommendations of domestic, European and American expert communities concerning the discussed topic are taken into account. Demonstrated “no less efficacy” of sulfate solution compared with macrogol in adult patients. Clinical case is presented: patient A., 22 years old, admitted to the clinic with complaints of recurrent pain in the left abdomen, frequent stools, sometimes with blood, loss of hair, flaky spots on the skin of the upper extremities. The patient was prepared for the examination – colon cleansing with a sulfate drug, endoscopic examination of the colon - colonoscopy was performed. Diagnosis: nonspecific ulcerative colitis. The treatment scheme is presented, clinical remission of the disease is achieved.
Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution by activated charcoal derived from Sapindus trifoliate L fruit biomass using continuous fixed bed column studies
Authors: Mohanta Samir , Sahu Manoj Kumar , Mishra Prakash Chandra , Giri Anil Kumar
Published: June 2021

In this study, the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution were examined using activated charcoal derived from Sapindus trifoliate L fruit biomass in continuous fixed-bed column studies. The activated S. trifoliate L fruit charcoal was prepared by treating the fruit powder using concentrated nitric acid solution. Experiments were performed to investigate the effect of bed height and initial concentration on the breakthrough and saturation times. The breakthrough and saturation time increases with increase in bed height and initial concentration of chromium solutions. The maximum adsorption capacity of S. trifoliate L charcoal for hexavalent chromium was found to be 1.719 mg/g in the bed height 15 cm and initial concentration 10 mg/L, respectively. Column data required at various conditions were explained using Bohart-Adams and Thomas model. Two models were found to be suitable to describe the definite part of the dynamic behaviour of the column with regard to bed-height and initial concentration of hexavalent chromium. On comparison of Adjusted R2 and estimated standard error, the Thomas model was found to best-fitted model and can be used to predict the adsorption of the hexavalent chromium in fixed-bed column studies. Activated S. trifoliate L fruit charcoal was characterised by SEM-EDX and FTIR analysis.
Secondary Use of Clinical Data in Data-Gathering, Non-Interventional Research or Learning Activities: Definition, Types, and a Framework for Risk Assessment
Authors: Jungkunz Martin , Köngeter Anja , Mehlis Katja , Winkler Eva C , Schickhardt Christoph
Published: June 2021

Background

The secondary use of clinical data in data-gathering, non-interventional research or learning activities (SeConts) has great potential for scientific progress and health care improvement. At the same time, it poses relevant risks for the privacy and informational self-determination of patients whose data are used.

Objective

Since the current literature lacks a tailored framework for risk assessment in SeConts as well as a clarification of the concept and practical scope of SeConts, we aim to fill this gap.

Methods

In this study, we analyze each element of the concept of SeConts to provide a synthetic definition, investigate the practical relevance and scope of SeConts through a literature review, and operationalize the widespread definition of risk (as a harmful event of a certain magnitude that occurs with a certain probability) to conduct a tailored analysis of privacy risk factors typically implied in SeConts.

Results

We offer a conceptual clarification and definition of SeConts and provide a list of types of research and learning activities that can be subsumed under the definition of SeConts. We also offer a proposal for the classification of SeConts types into the categories non-interventional (observational) clinical research, quality control and improvement, or public health research. In addition, we provide a list of risk factors that determine the probability or magnitude of harm implied in SeConts. The risk factors provide a framework for assessing the privacy-related risks for patients implied in SeConts. We illustrate the use of risk assessment by applying it to a concrete example.

Conclusions

In the future, research ethics committees and data use and access committees will be able to rely on and apply the framework offered here when reviewing projects of secondary use of clinical data for learning and research purposes.
Síntesis de nanoestructuras de carbono mediante la Técnica de Deposición Química de Vapores: Una revisión general
Authors: Ruiz Hernández Ali Roberto , Gutiérrez Cruz Adrián , Luna Daniela , Vega José Fernando , Patiño Guillén Gerardo , Arceta Lozano Alan , Campos-Delgado Jessica
Published: June 2021

Es innegable el auge que ha tenido la nanotecnología en las últimas tres décadas. Responsables de este interés en los nanomateriales son principalmente las formas nanoestructuradas del carbono, ya que históricamente fueron las que inauguraron el estudio de los nanomateriales con el descubrimiento de los fullerenos en 1985 y los nanotubos de carbono en 1991. Aunque existen diversas técnicas para producir estos materiales, la deposición química de vapores (CVD, por sus siglas en inglés) es particularmente valiosa, ya que permite la producción de una gran variedad de nanoestructuras de carbono, es versátil, escalable, de fácil implementación y de relativamente bajo costo. En este artículo de revisión se destaca la importancia de CVD y se detallan sus principios, condiciones y parámetros de operación, así como sus principales variantes. Se realiza una descripción de la técnica utilizada para producir fullerenos, nano-cebollas, nanotubos de carbono, nanoesferas, grafeno y otras, recalcando los parámetros específicos para cada síntesis.
A New Generalized Family of Distributions for Lifetime Data
Authors: Aldahlan Maha A. D. , Khalil Mohamed G. , Afify Ahmed Z.
Published: June 2021

A new class of continuous distributions called the generalized Burr X-G family is introduced. Some special models of the new family are provided. Some of its mathematical properties including explicit expressions for the quantile and generating functions, ordinary and incomplete moments, order statistics and Rényi entropy are derived. The maximum likelihood is used for estimating the model parameters. The flexibility of the generated family is illustrated by means of two applications to real data sets.
PARAMETER-UNIFORM ESTIMATES IN THE METRIC OF A FAMILY OF CLOSED CONVEX SURFACES WITH A GIVEN GAUSSIAN CURVATURE
Authors:   Tatyana Aleksandrovna Yuryeva Amur State University, Yuryeva Tatyana Aleksandrovna , Dvoeryadkina Natalya Nikolaevna ,   Natalya Nikolaevna Dvoeryadkina Amur State University
Published: June 2021

The paper provides a proof of the boundedness of the solution of a family of Monge-Ampere differential one-parameter equations. The obtained result is used in the study of the unique solvability of the differential equation under study.
SYSTEM OF SELECTION OF LOADS OF TRANSPORT SPACE VEHICLES
Authors:   ANDREY ALEKSEEVICH BELYAKOV  Institute of Rocket and Space Technology of Samara University, BELYAKOV ANDREY ALEKSEEVICH , SHULEPOV ALEXANDER IVANOVICH ,   ALEXANDER IVANOVICH SHULEPOV  Institute of Rocket and Space Technology of Samara University
Published: June 2021

The goal of the research is to develop a cargo choosing system for their arrangement in cargo modules of transport spacecraft. Ni article the description of cargo choosing system, its targets and general functions is given. An algorithm that automates the searching and taking decisions process for creating the catalog of cargoes to deliver is offered.
The Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign Campaigns of 1813-1814 in the Historical Memory of the Peoples of the Urals
Authors: Zemtsov Vladimir N.
Published: June 2021

The article identifies the features of the Ural region in terms of preserving and updating the memory of the epoch of 1812-1814. Based on the analysis of various options for preserving images of the epoch (through living memory, materialized memory, festive events and other means), the author comes to the conclusion that the Ural region, despite its remoteness from the theater of war, organically fit into the all-Russian memorial context. At the same time the memory is shaped by the regions focus on military production, and by its providing a significant part of the irregular cavalry recruited from the Orenburg Cossacks and non-Russian peoples. The latter circumstance, through images of Northern cupids, gave the Urals an exotic fame abroad. Forms of preserving Urals memory of the events of 1812-1814 range from variants of living memory, which includes elements left over from the communicative memory, to purposeful activities of central and local authorities to organize mass events at anniversary dates. A significant role in memory preservation is traditionally played by educational institutions, which, starting from the school level, form the memory of childhood. The greatest concentration of memory elements related to the epoch is observed in the Southern Urals, which is predetermined, to a large extent, by the presence of compactly living non-Russian peoples who seek to emphasize their role in the events of all-Russian and even global history. Unlike a number of other national regions of the Russian Federation, the appeal to historical memory in the Urals takes place within the framework of a unifying and reconciling tradition. Despite some commemorative gaps, the three epochs (pre-Soviet, Soviet and post-Soviet) in relation to the historical memory in the Urals about the events of 1812-1814 look quite organic. Images of this great time continue to act as a unifying factor, thus preserving the sense of a common past not only with the all-Russian, but also with common European and global history.
Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación para la toma de decisiones en los hoteles de 4 y 5 estrellas de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México
Authors: Hernández Casimiro Karina , Suárez Chaparro Rosa Herminia , Vilchis Vidal Agustín
Published: June 2021

Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (tic) desempeñan un papel estratégico en empresas del sector económico, principalmente en las del sector turístico, ante las nuevas demandas y situaciones en escenarios internacionales de mayor competitividad. Los hoteles son las empresas del sector turístico que muestran un grado de adopción más rápido de los avances tecnológicos, por las ventajas que ofrecen en la gestión operacional, estratégica y como herramientas en la toma decisiones. En el presente trabajo se analiza el manejo de las tic como una herramienta para la toma de decisiones en los hoteles de 4 y 5 estrellas de Ciudad Juárez, pues se considera que existe una mayor inversión de tic según la clasificación a la que pertenecen. La metodología aplicada fue el estudio multicasos, mediante una entrevista semiestructurada a los directivos de cada unidad de análisis. Entre los datos obtenidos se observó que solo un hotel ha avanzado en la adopción de las tic, las cuales son aprovechadas para la toma de mejores decisiones empresariales.
Análisis comparativo de emisiones de co2 de un motor empleando diésel y biodiesel
Authors: Ramirez Velasco Carlos Alonso , PEREZ ORTEGA DIEGO JAVIER , Pereira Martinez Ricardo Ignacio , Bolaños Alomia Fabio Andrés
Published: June 2021

Contextualización: Desde el protocolo de Kioto y la Cumbre de París, la reducción de gases de efecto invernadero, GEI, causados por la actividad antrópica, en el mundo ha cobrado vital importancia, dado los indicadores críticos de emisión con efectos nocivos en el clima.

 

Vacío de investigación: Dentro de este panorama, investigaciones preliminares no tienen puntos de acuerdo sobre qué combustible genera menores emisiones de CO2: el diésel o el biodiésel.

 

Propósito del estudio: Por esta razón, y buscando fundamentar información que permita proponer alternativas energéticas sustentables a partir de sustitutos de combustibles fósiles, fue necesario cuantificar y evaluar las emisiones de CO2, proveniente de motores diésel, para lo cual, se realizó el presente experimento que tuvo como propósito emplear diésel comercial B10 y biodiésel B100, y determinar sus emisiones de CO2, para ello se utilizó un motor de compresión de una planta eléctrica, con factores fijos como la cantidad de combustible a emplear establecida en 100 gramos.

 

Metodología: El experimento, se apoyó estadísticamente con un diseño factorial de dos factores: tipo de diésel con dos niveles y potencia generada con tres niveles, y se determinó el efecto conjunto que estos factores producen en la emisión de CO2. Para esto, el motor fue sometido a la generación de tres potencias: 0,5kW-1,0kW-1,5kW; lo cual propició para cada nivel de potencia, diferentes caudales o consumos de combustible y aire, y diferentes emisiones de CO2.

 

Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados indican que: empleando cualquier combustible la relación aire/combustible es menor y la fracción molar de CO2 es mayor cuando se genera más potencia; el experimento mostró que la fracción molar de B10 es mayor que la del B100: 0,15 y 0,13, respectivamente, con lo cual no puede generalizarse que la mayor emisión de CO2 la propicie el diésel comercial, pues la mayor o menor emisión depende de la composición química del combustible.
Two-Case Series of Heart Transplant at a Single Center in a SARS-CoV-2 Epicenter
Authors: Sabatino Marlena , Soto Cassandra , Dewan Krish , Chao Joshua , Ikegami Hirohisa , Lemaire Anthony , Russo Mark , Lee Leonard
Published: June 2021

As SARS-CoV-2 continues to challenge hospital systems, the safety of
heart transplantation must be evaluated. Retrospective review of all
heart recipients transplanted at a single academic medical center in a
U.S. SARS-CoV-2 epicenter found two patients with non-ischemic dilated
cardiomyopathy. The 34-year-old male (ejection fraction <10%)
was bridged to transplant with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and
microaxial left ventricular assist device. His perioperative course was
uncomplicated except for transient SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity two months
post-transplant. He was asymptomatic and remained so eight months to
follow. The 20-year-old female (ejection fraction 5%) was bridged to
transplant with microaxial left ventricular assist device. She
progresses well with SARS-CoV-2 seronegativity eight months
post-transplant. Our early experience suggests that intentional
recipient, donor, and provider testing, cautious organ procurement,
strategic intrahospital patient organization and transport, and
well-coordinated follow-up permits uninterrupted provision of this
definitive therapy for heart failure without subjecting these patients
to greater risk.
Calculation of lattice vibrational and thermal properties of CdS nanocrystal and growth preference of CdS power during microwave-hydrothermal process
Authors: Fu Jia , Liu Xing
Published: June 2021

The lattice vibration and thermal properties of CdS by first-principles
calculations based on density functional theory are especially
investigated. The results of phonon spectra show that CdS is
thermodynamically stable. Combined with the concept of irreducible
representation, the contribution of atoms in CdS to Raman and infrared
is analyzed, that is: A1 and E1 participate in Raman vibration, and A1,
E1 and E2 participate in infrared vibration. The electronic band
structure and optical properties such as dielectric constant, refractive
index, reflectivity are determined theoretically using DFT method. The
thermal properties of CdS show that Debye temperature, isochoric
specific heat capacity and coefficient of thermal expansion increase
with the increase of temperature, and then tend to equilibrium. The
equilibrium values are 353.13 K, 23.86 cal/cell.K and 1.04×10-4 K-1,
respectively. For comparison. piezoelectric semiconductor material CdS
power is synthesized by microwave hydrothermal process (temperature at
140°C + time about 15min), with particle size ranges from 50nm to
1000nm. The HRTEM imagine of CdS are experimentally studied to
understand the crystal structure, with the growth preference along the
plane (1000) and nanocrystal distance of 6.76 Å. This study is of great
significance and provides theoretical guidance for further designing CdS
matrix composite materials and to improve photoanode performance through
doping of CdS and quantum dots co-sensitization.
Methods and Standards for Research on Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Lessons from Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Authors: Hoffman Robert , Clancey William
Published: June 2021

We reflect on the progress in the area of Explainable AI (XAI) Program
relative to previous work in the area of intelligent tutoring systems
(ITS). A great deal was learned about explanation—and many challenges
uncovered—in research that is directly relevant to XAI. We suggest
opportunities for future XAI research deriving from ITS methods, as well
as the challenges shared by both ITS and XAI in using AI to assist
people in solving difficult problems effectively and efficiently.
Development of higher engineering education in Russia in the context of Bologna process
Authors: Chepurin Evgeny , Vasilieva Darya , Vlasov Alexandr , Parsova Velta
Published: June 2021

The process of reforming higher education in Russian Federation continues. One of the main areas of these reforms is an introduction of principles of Bologna process into Russian higher education system. It was launched after Russia ratified the Bologna Declaration in 2003. Since the beginning of reforms and up to now there have not been lingering disputes about feasibility of introducing the principles of Bologna Agreement into higher education. The article deals with the history of reforms on the example of higher education in land management in Russia. Dynamics of indicators of higher education institutions which carry out training under programs in the field of land management and cadastre have been studied. Introduction of federal state educational standards associated with introduction and/ or updating of current education within Bologna process in 2020 has been considered. Updating (introduction of FGOS 3++ standard) will be implemented in all directions of bachelor degree. First of all it is guided to consideration of requirements of professional standards. The process of development of the Institute of State Accreditation of higher education institutions of Russia, its current status and problems faced by higher education institutions during accreditation process have been studied.
Processes and challenges associated with establishing a linked national suicide database across the criminal justice system
Authors: Dawson Alice Rose , Wainwright Verity , Shaw Jennifer , Senior Jane , Fazel Seena , Perry Amanda , Walker Tammi , Pratt Daniel
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThere is a wealth of data contained within healthcare and criminal justice system (CJS) datasets that, if successfully linked, could provide more information about this population, particularly those offenders who die in non-custodial CJS settings where, comparatively, much less is known.
ObjectivesThis study aims to determine feasibility of conducting data linkage across key criminal justice datasets and outline the processes, methodological considerations and any other implications of setting up such a linkage.
MethodFive CJS datasets were identified for potential inclusion for linkage with Office for National Statistics (ONS) mortality data. Respective data teams were contacted, and scoping discussions were held via email, telephone contact and in person. Information was sought on available data, quality and completeness, unique identifiers, processes for record matching, cost implications, estimated timescales, required approvals, data security considerations and quality of data.
ResultsAll five datasets were deemed important to include and responses from data teams suggest that the proposed linkage is both feasible and valuable, within a reasonable timeframe and with minimal associated costs. The discovery of an additional `spine' dataset provides a more effective method of record matching by linking police identifiers to unique prison and probation identifiers.
ConclusionsThe proposed linkage could highlight key points across the criminal justice system at which to target suicide prevention strategies. A more comprehensive linkage, including healthcare services, would further extend the opportunity to target interventions.
A voz do cantor Roberto Carlos: avaliação perceptivo-auditiva de canções de diferentes décadas
Authors: Oliveira Sônia Cristina Coelho , Bittencourt Maria Fernanda de Queiroz Prado , Lopes João Carlos , Silva Marta Assumpção de Andrada e
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Descrever a voz do cantor Roberto Carlos por meio de avaliação perceptivo-auditiva de parâmetros determinados em canções escolhidas que foram lançadas ao longo das décadas de 60 a 90. Métodos: Oito canções representativas da carreira do cantor foram selecionadas para a avaliação perceptivo-auditiva descritiva da voz, sendo duas delas de cada década. Resultados: Roberto Carlos manteve a coordenação pneumofonoarticulatória, loudness variou de adequada para forte; pitch variou de médio para agudo a médio; articulação precisa; ataque vocal variou de brusco para suave; voz sem brilho; a ressonância laringofaríngea teve maior variação, sendo esta com foco nasal compensatório, com foco nasal acentuado e com foco nasal discreto, registro vocal modal peito, sem projeção, vibrato ausente, tessitura restrita, qualidade vocal adaptada, adaptada com tensão, e adaptada com discreta soprosidade. Conclusão: Na avaliação perceptivo-auditiva algumas características se mantiveram inalteradas, como coordenação pneumofonoarticulatória, a articulação precisa, o registro vocal modal de peito, a voz sem brilho e sem projeção, a ausência de vibrato e a tecitura restrita. Houve variação em relação ao pitch, a loudness, o ataque vocal a ressonância foi caracterizada laringofaríngea com variações em relação ao foco nasal. As maiores mudanças observadas na voz do cantor no decorrer das décadas recaem sobre a variação de gêneros musicais cantados pelo cantor.
Enkapsulasi bakteri asam laktat dari tempoyak asal Jambi: Pengaruh konsentrasi alginat [Encapsulation of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented durian (tempoyak) in Jambi: Influence of alginate concentration]
Authors: Nizori Addion , Prayogi Nanda , Gusriani Ika , Lavlinesia Lavlinesia , Arzita Arzita
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and the viability of encapsulated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fermented durian from Jambi using alginate concentration as wall material. The encapsulation method used the emulsification technique where LAB in alginate capsules was formed by the formation of water in oil emulsion. This study used a completely randomized design with various alginate concentrations as the treatments with concentrations: 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%, respectively. The result showed that alginate concentration on LAB microcapsules was very significant in yield, pH, and heat resistance. All treatment concentrations provided high LAB viability, so alginate is effective for wall material LAB encapsulation with emulsification techniques.  The best LAB microcapsule was 7% of alginate concentration with value of yield 5,60 %, viability of LAB log 12,43 CFU/g, pH 5,22, heat resistant on 50ºC (log 12, 46 CFU/g), 60ºC (log 12,45 CFU/g), 70ºC (log 12,35 CFU/g).
A Review on Medical Image Super Resolution with Application of Deep Learning
Authors: Singh Kajol , Saxena Manish
Published: June 2021

Super resolution problems are often discussed in medical imaging. The spatial resolution of medical images is insufficient due to limitations such as image acquisition time, low radiation dose or hardware limitations. Various super-resolution methods have been proposed to solve these problems, such as optimization or learning-based approaches. Recently, deep learning methodologies have become a thriving technology and are evolving at an exponential rate. We believe we need to write a review to illustrate the current state of deep learning in super-resolution medical imaging. In this article, we provide an overview of image resolution and the deep learning introduced in super resolution. This document describes super resolution for single images versus super resolution for multiple images, evaluation metrics and loss functions.
Using ontology in scientific and technological forecasting
Authors: Golubev Sergei Sergeevich , Kuritsyn Alexander Viktorovich , Gorbunova Vera Vladimirovna , Margovenko Dmitrii Olegovich , Shurukova Elena Evgenyevna
Published: June 2021

The case is made and proposals are drawn for the development of ontologies of scientific and technological forecasting to secure national interests based on the descriptions of expertise in the forecast domain and the methodology of concept maps. Concept maps of scientific and technological advances are visualised and applicability is described for ontological methods in scientific and technological forecasting, as well as the specifics of automation. The novel contribution of the research findings consists in the authors' systemic and comprehensive approach in describing the ontological principles of scientific and technological forecasting to secure national interests. This eliminates the ambiguity in approaches and conceptualisations of the processes of scientific and technological forecasting. The proposed ontological system of scientific and technological forecasting to secure national interests offers a systemic approach to forecast development and uniform interpretations of the concepts involved. All that would doubtlessly contribute to quality forecasting.
Development of Induction Heating Technologies
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Electrical Engineering University «LETI», DEMIDOVICH Viktor B.
Published: June 2021

In 1935, Professor V.P. Vologdin and engineer B.N. Romanov conducted successful experiments on the use of high frequency currents (HFC) for induction surface hardening. The overwhelming success of this technology at tank factories during the Great Patriotic War was highly appreciated by the government of the USSR and in 1947 the All-Union Research Institute of High Frequency Currents (VNIITVCH) was created. The article discusses the organization of scientific research at the institute and at the department of Saint. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University (LETI), the features of the organization of the educational process, the achievements of recent years and promising areas of research on metal processing in an alternating electromagnetic field.
PRAGMATIC, LINGUAL CULTURAL SENSES AND ETHNIC SYMBOLS IN ARTISTIC TRANSLATION
Authors: Tyshchenko Oleh
Published: June 2021

The article considers performative speech acts (expressives, commissives, wishes, curses, threats, warnings, etc.) and generally exclamatory phraseology in the original and translation in terms of the function of the addressee, the specifics of the communicative situation, the symbolism and pragmatics of the cultural text.
Through cultural and semiotic reconstruction of these units, their semantic and grammatical structure and features of motivation in several linguistic cultures were clarified. Collectively, these verbal acts, on the one hand, mark the semiotic structure of the narrative structure of the text, and on the other hand, indicate the idiostyle of a particular author or characterize the speech of the characters and the associated range of emotions (curses, invectives, cries of indignation, dissatisfaction, etc.). Several translated versions of M. Bulgakov’s novel «The Master and Margarita» (in Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak and English) and English translations of
M. Kotsyubynsky’s novel «Fata Morgana» and Dovzhenko’s short story «Enchanted Desna» constitute the material for the study.
The obtained results are essential for elucidating the specifics of the national conceptual sphere of a certain culture and revealing the types of inter lingual equivalents, idiomatic analogues in the transmission of common ethno-cultural content. This approach can be useful for a new understanding of domestication and adaptation in translation, translation of culturally marked units, onyms, mythological concepts, etc. as a specific translation practices. There was further developed the theory of phatic and performative-expressive speech acts in lingual cultural comprehension.
Cikkismertetés: A társadalmi-gazdasági egyenlőtlenségek hatása az önérté-kelt egészégre: Szisztematikus szakirodalmi áttekintés az anyagi, pszichoszo-ciális és magatartásbeli tényezők relatív szerepét illetően
Authors: Csizmadia Péter
Published: June 2021

A szemlézett cikk azt vizsgálja, hogy az egészségügyi, társadalmi-gazdasági egyenlőtlenségeket mennyiben befolyásolják az anyagi, (pl. foglalkoztatottság, jövedelem) pszichoszociális (pl. társadalmi tőke) és az egészségmagatartás tényezői. A szisztematikus irodalom-elemzés célja az volt, hogy összefoglalja az empirikus vizsgálatokból rendelkezésre álló bizonyítékokat, és elemezze az említett tényezők relatív hozzájárulását az önértékelt egészségi állapot terén mutatkozó egyenlőtlenségek magyarázatához.
The effect of vegetal mulching on soil surface temperature in semiarid Brazil
Authors: de Lima João L.M.P. , da Silva José R.L. , Montenegro Abelardo A.A. , Silva Valdemir P. , Abrantes João R.C.B.
Published: June 2021

Understanding the temporal and spatial dynamic of soil temperature is crucial for agriculture, since it affects soil evaporation and soil biological activity, influencing seed germination, root growth and absorption of water and nutrients by crops, and ultimately the runoff process. Mulching is one of the most applied soil and water conservation method for soil moisture and soil temperature variations control. This study aimed to investigate the influence of three different mulch types (dried elephant grass straw, dried cashew tree leaves and coconut powder or coir dust), applied with three area densities (2, 4 and 8 t ha−1), on the soil surface temperature, under field conditions in the Brazilian semiarid region. Soil temperature monitoring was carried out using thermocouple sensors and an infrared camera in the Brazilian semiarid region. Results show that mulching provided a buffer zone, dampened soil temperature fluctuations over time, mainly for the 8 t ha−1 density. Mulching reduced soil temperature during the hotter period of the day and increased soil temperature during the night period.
Occurrence and seasonal changes in the population of root-knot nematodes on honeybush (Cyclopia sp.)
Authors: Daramola F. Y. , Malgas R. , Malan A. P.
Published: June 2021

Root-knot nematodes in the genus Meloidogyne are an important group of plant-parasitic nematodes causing severe damage on agricultural crops worldwide. A study was conducted to identify the species of root-knot nematodes causing damage on honeybush monocultures and to assess the seasonal variations in the nematode population. Soil samples were collected from six experimental sites in Genadendal, Western Cape province of South Africa from 2016 to 2017. DNA was extracted from single-second stage juveniles and species identifi cation was done using species-specifi c sequence-characterised amplifi ed regions (SCAR) primers. Meloidogyne hapla and M. javanica were identifi ed from the sites. Mean population density of the nematodes varied significantly (p < 0.05) in the six sites, with the peak population being recorded in summer of 2017. The study suggests that seasonal variation in temperature and moisture could contribute to changes in the population density of root-knot nematodes in the soil.
ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING CLIMATE PADA PERUSAHAAN JASA TRANSPORTASI UDARA
Authors: Purnama Rangga Alam , Sulastiana Marina , Kadiyono Anissa Lestari
Published: June 2021

Perusahaan jasa transportasi udara adalah perusahaan dengan bidang bisnis yang belum umum, dimana perlu mencari karyawan dengan keterampilan khusus di bidang terkait. Kemungkinan untuk mendapatkan karyawan dengan latar belakang dan pengalaman kerja yang sesuai pun akan terbatas. Oleh karenanya, perusahaan perlu mengembangkan cara agar karyawan dapat belajar guna memenuhi tuntutan tugasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran umum, gambaran profil, dan melihat perbandingan organizational learning climate dengan demografis responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif serta uji beda menggunakan The Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ) yang diadaptasi ke Bahasa Indonesia dan wawancara kepada beberapa karyawan. Data dikumpulkan dari 73 karyawan yang bekerja di perusahaan jasa penerbangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari setengah responden mempersepsikan organizational learning climate secara positif. Hasil lain menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan nilai dalam hal lama bekerja. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa karyawan memiliki persepsi positif terhadap upaya yang telah dilakukan perusahaan dalam menyediakan pembelajaran terkait jasa transportasi udara. Namun, persepsi ini dapat berubah seiring dengan lamanya karyawan bekerja di dalam perusahaan.
The Fragile Obligation: Gratitude, Discontent, and Dissent with Syrian Refugees in Canada
Authors: Iqbal Maleeha , Omar Laila , Maghbouleh Neda
Published: June 2021

This article analyzes the emotional lives of Syrian refugee mothers in the first year of their recent resettlement in Canada. Drawing on two waves of interviews with 41 newcomer mothers, we find three main affective themes in their resettlement narratives: gratitude, discontent, and dissent. Together, they capture a reality we term the fragile obligation, which reflects coexisting conditions of migratory indebtedness, disappointment, and critique. Inspired by foundational work in Critical Refugee Studies and Asian American/Ethnic Studies, centering refugee affect holds promise for revising dominant scholarly theories of immigrant integration, assimilation, and belonging from migrants’ perspectives in an era of widespread backlash, especially against Syrian and MENA/Muslim immigrants and refugees. By identifying complex post-migration affective states like the fragile obligation, researchers can help build more effective policies and practices to support Syrians and other forced migrants.
Interdependence of predictors associated with death in patients with severe traumatic shock
Authors: Girsh A. O. , Stepanov S. S. , Stukanov M. M. , Leonov G. V. , Malyuk A. I. , Chernenko S. V. , Eselevich R. V.
Published: June 2021

The paper presents that the correlation analysis revealed reliable links between the following predictors associated with death in patients with severe traumatic shock: lactate/ACTV, lactate/pH venous blood, body temperature/pH venous blood, вody temperature/lactate, ACTV/Ca ionized. No significant links were found between body temperature and ACTV.