bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FOOD RESOURCE SHARING AMONG BENTHIC AND NEKTONIC STREAM FISH SPECIES
Authors: SILVA Guilherme Raphael Camargo Arcanjo , CETRA Maurício
Published: November 2021

Several tropical freshwater fish species are generally generalistic feeders, sometimes followed by a diet reduction during the period of decreased resource availability. This study aimed to analyze the dietary overlap between nektonic and benthic fish species. The stomachs of 82 obligatory nektonics and 52 benthic were removed. The diet composition for each individual was determined based on the analysis of the stomach content, and the contents were grouped into 11 categories. For the analysis of food items, the method of degree of food preference was used. To verify the niche overlap between benthic and nectonic, the Pianka index was applied. Benthic species consumed items across all 11 food categories and nektonic species consumed nine. The diet composition of species with nektonic and benthic habits showed a significant difference. Dietary overlapping suggests a supply of the same resources, as they are shared by both groups. The high concentration of water insect larvae in the food content of all sampled fish species, regardless of the position in the water column, shows the importance of insects in the water ecosystems. The composition of ecosystem diets is helpful towards understanding the community structure and can explain the coexistence between different fishââ‚¬â„¢s groups where live in different micro-habitats and how tactics used to capture food which may minimize the effects of overlapping and competitive exclusion.
TRAFFICKING OF ORNAMENTAL FISH IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON
Authors: BELTRÃO Hélio , MAGALHÃES Esner Robert Santos , BENZAKEN Zehev Schwartz , SOUSA Raniere Garcez Costa
Published: November 2021

The trafficking of ornamental fish is growing on a yearly basis in the Brazilian Amazon. This represents a serious threat to the biodiversity of the region. The objective of this research was to evaluate the trafficking of ornamental fish in the Brazilian Amazon using data from the seizures by the Federal Police and Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources - IBAMA. To assess and quantify this illegal trade, we gathered data relating to the period between January 2003 and January 2020. Information was obtained from IBAMA - Amazon - regional superintendence; National Amazon Research Institute - INPA regarding smuggled species that have been recovered and placed in its fish collection. The results show that in 98 seizures made by IBAMA, a total of 170,849 specimens of at least 73 species of 10 families, and 5 orders were recovered. Most of the illegally trafficked species are from the Loricariidae family (31 species, 8.47%). Hypancistrus zebra (Loricariidae), Potamotrygon jabuti, Potamotrygon leopoldi (Potamotrygonidae), Osteoglossum bicirrhosum and Osteoglossum ferreirai (Osteoglossidae) are the most targeted by the traffickers, due to their high value. At least 12 species are undescribed new species and were registered and placed in INPAââ‚¬â„¢s fish collection. The fish followed different routes to reach the border that Brazil, Colombia, and Peru share. We conclude that in order to fight this illegal trade, tougher laws against smugglers, agreements with neighboring countries to combat trafficking, formal environmental education programs for riverine populations, and further scientific studies of smuggled species are necessary.
DIFFERENT DENSITIES OF COMMON SNOOK REARED IN MARINE CAGES IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Authors: SILVA Fabiano Müller , SILVA Bruno Corrêa da , CERQUEIRA Vinicius Ronzani
Published: November 2021

Two growth stages of juvenile snook (Centropomus undecimalis) under three different densities were evaluated: 10, 20, and 40 fish m-3, in 2.5-m3 cages with 12-mm mesh. In phase I, snooks of 72.0 g and 21.2 cm were raised for 270 days. In phase II, snooks of 204.6 g and 29.2 cm were raised for 202 days. The average water temperature and salinity were 24.3Â°C and 34.5, respectively, at Santa Catarina Island, Brazil. The data were evaluated using regression models. Density increase did not influence survival rate, with 51.0% (phase I) and 88.7% (phase II). The density of 20 fish m-3 provided the best results, such as body weight, in the two phases, with 215.7 and 364.7 g, respectively. Water temperature was the main limiting factor for the growth of snook. Therefore, in a subtropical climate, it is recommended to start growing in the spring (> 24Â°C) and avoid handling fish when the temperature is below 20Â°C. Regression analysis on the final weight showed that densities of 24 fish m-3 could be indicated for common snook under the conditions of this study.
Deep Directional Electromagnetic Technique Improves Well-Drilling Efficiency
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: November 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 202265, “Leap of Faith From Conventional to EM Look-Ahead: A Game-Changing Technology To Improve Well Efficiency,” by Muhamad Yanuar Mahardi, Hendarsyah Hendarsyah, and Kharisma Endarmoyo, PT Pertamina, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, originally scheduled to be held in Perth, Australia, 20–22 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The structure in the Matindok block in Central Sulawesi operated by Pertamina has proven producible gas reserves in the Minahaki formation. One of the main challenges in this area is the low resolution of seismic data, leading to a high depth uncertainty. The complete paper describes a technology developed to meet these challenges with the capability to map and detect lithology changes ahead of the bit in real time.

Geological Background

A first exploration well, PEP-001, was drilled in 2018. The structure has a Miocene carbonate buildup play, and the target reservoir is the M pinnacle carbonate reef. The PEP-001 well was planned to set the 9⅝-in. casing point above the top of the M formation. Offset wells did not show any clear markers in the thick shale above the M formation that could have been used for log correlation. In previously drilled offset wells, correlation was performed convention-ally by examination of cutting samples and on drilling breaks. However, when Well PEP-001 was drilled, no apparent drilling break was observed. By the time cuttings reached the surface, the bit had drilled into 20 m of the M formation. Because the casing covered most of the upper carbonate formation, openhole logging and well-testing data were not acquired to delineate the target formation optimally.

The second exploration well, PEP-002, was planned with an objective of setting 9⅝-in. casing approximately 5 m above the top of M to acquire full-interval coverage of coring, openhole wireline logging, and well testing. This information was critical for optimal reservoir delineation to allow for accurate reserves calculation and future development.

Conventional correlation methods have proven insufficient for casing point placement. The presence of limestone stringers in offset wells within proximity of the top of M presented an additional challenge. The stringers could have been misinterpreted as the main carbonate body, if interpretation were based solely on cutting samples.

Real-Time Electromagnetic (EM) Look-Ahead Technology
Optimize Performance Through Customization of Paraffin Inhibitor Molecular Structure
Authors: Gawas Kiran , Khandekar Chandrashekhar , Akita Katrina , Ngo Janet , Hazlewood John
Published: November 2021

Deposition of high molecular weight paraffins and subsequent plugging is one of the most prevalent flow assurance risks in both onshore and offshore oil and gas production. Several thermal (e.g., insulation, heat treatment), mechanical (e.g., pigging, cutting), and chemical (e.g., paraffin crystal modifiers, dispersants, and solvents) techniques are used for wax deposition prevention and remediation. Various chemistries such as long-chain poly alkyl acrylates, olefin vinyl acetate copolymers, alkyl phenol resins and esterified olefin maleic anhydride polymers are used as wax crystal modifiers. This study investigates the impact of the alpha olefin maleic anhydride co-polymers structure on the composition and deposition of paraffin. Eight different crude samples from condensates to black oils with API gravity in the range of 30 to 50° were studied.

The focus of this research is on paraffin inhibitors’ effectiveness in reducing paraffin deposition that is driven by thermal driving force between the bulk oil and the pipe wall. Inhibitor performance was measured by cold finger testing. Three different alpha olefin (short, medium and long) maleic anhydrides esterified with different fatty alcohols with varying chain lengths were tested for performance. The impact of selected chemicals on amount and composition of paraffin deposit under different test conditions was studied. Wax deposit composition was characterized using high temperature gas chromatography (HTGC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques.

Effect of pendant side chain length as well as the composition and molecular weight of the alpha-olefin backbone on paraffin inhibition is presented. Additionally, the impact of test conditions on the composition and hence the performance of the selected chemicals is investigated. We present our findings on selective inhibition of lower molecular weight paraffin depending on the composition of the oil, leaving a much harder deposit rich in high molecular weight paraffin. This is an important observation since a hard deposit would be extremely difficult to remediate in the field and should be avoided.

In summary this work provides guidelines for tailoring paraffin inhibitor molecules based on crude oil composition and field conditions, through a systematic structure-performance study.
Combined Control Mechanism of Weight on Bit and Rate of Penetration with a Downhole Robot in the Coiled-Tubing Drilling Process
Authors: Zhao Jianguo , Han Shuo , Liu Qingyou , Zhang Ying , Xiao Xiaohua , Dong Run , Fang Shiji , Tu Chi
Published: November 2021

Downhole robots were used to solve the problem of downhole tool transportation in an oil/gas horizontal well. However, current downhole robots do not control the weight on bit (WOB) and rate of penetration (ROP). This paper proposes the combined control method of WOB and ROP using an electric proportional overflow valve (EPOV) and an electric proportional throttle valve (EPTV). First, the mathematical model of the electrohydraulic control of the downhole robot is established. It is found that when the maximum pressure of the EPOV is greater than the differential pressure between the inner and outer of the downhole robot, the control parameters are drilling-fluid displacement and circulation area of the EPTV. When the maximum pressure of the EPOV is less than the differential pressure between the inner and outer of the downhole robot, the control parameters are drilling-fluid displacement, circulation area of the EPTV, and pressure of the EPOV. Moreover, it is found that the relationship of WOB and ROP in the combined control method is a surface rather than a line in a 2D coordinate. Therefore, the downhole robot can be adjusted while drilling at a stable ROP or a stable WOB. Finally, the combined control method of WOB and ROP with the downhole robot proposed in this paper was verified with an experiment. According to the experimental data, it is further found that an EPOV cannot only control WOB and ROP, but also can control the upper limit of WOB fluctuation. Thus, the control of WOB fluctuation can protect the bit from damage and prolong the life of the bit. This paper presents a foundation for the control of WOB and ROP with downhole robots. It has scientific and engineering significance for promoting downhole robots in drilling engineering.
Optimization and Ev a Luation of Viral Metagenomic Amplification and Sequencing Methods Toward a Genome -le Vel Resolution of the Human Fecal DNA Virome
Authors: Wang Guangyang , Li Shenghui , Yan Qiulong , Guo Ruochun , Zhang Yue , Chen Fang , Tian Xiangge , Lv Qingbo , Jin Hao , Ma Xiaochi , Ma Yufang
Published: November 2021

Background: Viruses in the human gut have been linked to health and disease. Deciphering of the gut virome is dependent on metagenomic sequencing of the virus-like particles purified from the fecal specimens. A major limitation of conventional viral metagenomic sequencing is the low recoverability of viral genomes from the metagenomic dataset. Results: Herein, we developed an optimal method for viral amplification and metagenomic sequencing to maximize the recovery of viral genomes. Using 5 fecal specimens with multiple repetitions, we revealed the optimal number of PCR cycles of high-fidelity enzyme-based amplification and the reliability of multiple displacement amplification in virome DNA preparation, verified the reproducibility of the optimally whole viral metagenomic experimental process, and tested the capability of long-read sequencing for improving viral metagenomic assembly. Based on our optimized results, we generated 151 high-quality viruses using the data combined from short-read (15 cycles for PCR amplification) and long-read sequencing. Genomic analysis of these viruses found that most (60.3%) of them were previously unknown and showed a remarkable diversity of viral functions, especially the existence of 206 viral auxiliary metabolic genes. Finally, we compared the viral metagenomic and bulk metagenomic sequencing approaches and revealed significant differences in the efficiency and coverage of viral identification between them. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the potential of optimized experiment and sequencing strategies in uncovering viral genomes from fecal specimens, which will facilitate future research about genome-level characterization of complex viral communities.
A note on two-sided removal and cancellation properties associated with Hermitian matrix
Authors: Tian Yongge
Published: November 2021

A complex square matrix A is said to be Hermitian if A = A∗, the conjugate transpose of A. We prove that each of the two triple matrix product equalities AA∗A = A∗AA∗ and A3 = AA∗A implies that A is Hermitian by means of decompositions and determinants of matrices, which are named as two-sided removal and cancellation laws associated with a Hermitian matrix. We also present several general removal and cancellation laws as the extensions of the preceding two facts about Hermitian matrix.AMS classifications: 15A24, 15B57
MicroRNA-141-3p Attenuates Oxidative Stress-induced Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury via Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway
Authors: Li Tingting , Chen Qingsong , Dai Jiangwen , Huang Zuotian , Luo Yunhai , Mou Tong , Pu Junliang , Yang Hang , Wei Xufu , Wu Zhongjun
Published: November 2021

Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major factor affecting the prognosis of liver transplantation through a series of severe cell death and inflammatory responses. MicroRNA-141-3p (miR-141-3p) has been reported to be associated with hepatic steatosis and other liver diseases. However, the potential role of miR-141-3p in hepatic IRI is currently unknown. In the present study, we found that miR-141-3p levels were negatively correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in liver transplantation patients. The results demonstrated that miR-141-3p was decreased in mouse liver tissue after hepatic IRI in mice and in hepatocytes after hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Overexpression of miR-141-3p directly decreased Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) levels and attenuated cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, while inhibition of miR-141-3p facilitated apoptosis. Further experiments revealed that overexpression of miR-141-3p also attenuated oxidative stress-induced damage in hepatocytes under H/R conditions. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-141-3p plays a major role in hepatic IRI through the Keap1 signaling pathway, and the present study suggests that miR-141-3p might have a protective effect on hepatic IRI to some extent.
CT radiomics for predicting PD-L1 expression on tumor cells in gastric cancer
Authors: Xu Mengying , Qiao Xiangmei , Liu Song , Li Zhengliang , Ji Changfeng , Li Hui , Shi Tingting , Li Lin , Gu Qing , Zhou Kefeng , Zhou Zhengyang
Published: November 2021

Purpose To explore CT radiomics for predicting programmed cell death ligand 1 on tumor cells (PD-L1) status in gastric cancer (GC).Methods From March 2019 to July 2020, 358 patients identified with GC who underwent surgery at our hospital were enrolled in this study retrospectively. All patients were divided into primary (n=239) and validation (n=119) cohorts based on the time of surgery at a ratio of 3:1. Radiomic features were extracted from regions of interest manually drawn on venous CT images. Besides, preoperative tumor markers of all patients were collected and analyzed. The signatures based on radiomics were built using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to assess diagnostic efficiency. Decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility.Results Numerous radiomic features (all p<0.05) differed significantly between GCs with different PD-L1 status. The model developed by SVM algorithm in the primary and validation cohort achieved better performance with AUCs of 0.704 and 0.799, respectively.Conclusion It was promising to predict PD-L1 status in GCs noninvasively using CT radiomics. It might help to improve clinical decision making with regard to immunotherapy.
Stability Analysis for Linear Uncertain Switched Systems in Infinite-time Domain
Authors: Shu Yadong , Li Bo
Published: November 2021

In this work, an uncertain switched system expressed as a series of uncertain differential equations is considered in depth. Stability issues have been widely investigated on switched systems while few results related to stability analysis for uncertain switched systems can be found. Due to such fact, three different stabilities, including stability in measure, almost sure stability and stability in mean, are comprehensively studied for linear uncertain switched systems in infinite-time domain. Internal property of the systems is able to be illustrated from different perspectives with the help of above stability analysis. By employing uncertainty theory and the feature of switched systems, corresponding judgement theorems of these stabilities are proposed and verified. An example with respect to stability in measure is provided to display the validness of the results derived.
RETRACTED: Solar Energy and CO2 Emissions: CCEMG Estimations for 26 Countries
Authors: Güney Taner , Ince Duygu
Published: November 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Federated Machine Learning For Augmenting The Safekeeping of Critical Energy Infrastructures
Authors: Hussain Muzaffar , Thaseen Sumaiya , B Anbarasu , Ghalib Muhammad Rukunuddin , Shankar Achyut , Sharma Pavika , Bhushan Bharat
Published: November 2021

In the recent years, there have been an increase in attacks targeting Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) infrastructures as there are many sensitive data released from peripheral devices. Wind-turbine systems are considered to be the most complex Cyber-Physical infrastructures.A privacy preserving Federated Machine Learning solution is proposed in order detect any possible anomalies in such infrastructures. Instead of centralizing the wind-turbine data into a common server, Federated Machine Learning allows the data to remain on-premise in the infrastructure. This enables the responsible authorities to consider the advantages of Machine Learning, and simultaneously protect their privacy. Different federated machine learning models namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Radial Basis Function (RBF), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Random Forest (RF) are deployed to analyze the anomalies in the wind turbines. It is inferred from the experimental results that Random Forest is superior in identifying the anomalies with regard to the performance metrics such asMean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Square Error (MSE) are minimal for Random Forest in comparison to other models and Coefficient of Determination (R2) is higher which is expected for a model that accurately predicts the anomalies. In addition, the time taken by the regression is 42.95 seconds which is minimal in comparison to other classifiers. Thus, a federated Random Forest Learner accurately analyzes the anomalies in critical wind turbine infrastructures.
Distortional Extrema and Holes in the Geometric Manifold
Authors: koehler dale
Published: November 2021

It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter as extended to extreme curvature limits results in characteristics mimicking those of galactic-holes. The distorted-geometry structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r-4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Of particular interest is that of r-6 energy-density behavior at structural radial distances near the core of the distortion, a region also displaying potential-well behavior.
Numerical and Experimental Investigations on the Effects of Variable Cavity Pressure on the Formability of GLARE Using Hydromechanical Deep Drawing
Authors: Tabasum Muhammad Nazim , Lang Lihui , Mirza Hasnain Ali , Meng Zhang , Blala Hamza
Published: November 2021

Excellent physical and mechanical properties of fiber metal laminates (FMLs) have made them a very popular and most suitable material to make high strength and lightweight products in different industries for example automobile, military, and aerospace. Glass fiber aluminum reinforced epoxy (GLARE) is one of the most used fiber metal laminate among the family of fiber metal laminates, but there are some challenges in its formability. Our study mainly focuses on the formability of the GLARE cup parts by using hydromechanical deep drawing. Forming depth with good quality (without any wrinkling, delamination, or fracture), failure mode analysis and wall thinning rate (%) distribution of the parts are the main criteria in the formability. The influence of variable cavity pressure (VCP) with respect to punch strokes had been investigated by using numerical simulations and experiments. Results showed that the variable cavity pressure in case of increasing or decreasing the cavity pressure had very much effect on the formability. Stepwise increasing the VCP with respect to punch strokes resulted in a maximum forming depth of 29.00mm as well as good quality whereas in the case of stepwise decreasing the variable cavity pressure, results were not encouraging. Commercially available code ABAQUS explicit was used for finite element analysis simulation which had shown close agreement with the experimental results.
Core-sheath Electrospinning of Shea Butter and Cellulose Acetate to Enhance Heat Transfer in Protective Clothing
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Park Ji Hun , Salsabila Syifa , Yun Changsang
Published: November 2021

Protective clothing for health workers requires heat transfer in hot and humid environments. To study the thermal conduction of phase-change materials and protect them from leakage, we selected skin-friendly shea-butter due to its suitable melting temperature, and the electrospinning processibility of biocompatible cellulose acetate. The shea-butter as a phase-change material was encapsulated in electrospun cellulose acetate fibres within a core/sheath structure, which was stabilised by two concentric Taylor cones during coaxial electrospinning. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed a blood-in-tube vessel-like morphology. Next, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses confirmed the heat capacity of shea-butter (latent heat of fusion: 42.73 J/g; thermal conductivity: 1.407 W/m∙K). The flow rate of the core was proportional to the heat capacity of the shea-butter/cellulose acetate fibres. This was consistent with the finding that the electrospun fibres of the highest-ratio shea-butter (16.19%) had the highest thermal conductivity (0.421 J/g∙K). The shea-butter:cellulose acetate ratio was approximately 15:80. The efficacy of heat transfer for the core/sheath fibres in human clothing was assessed by measuring skin temperatures at 13 sites in six males aged 25 to 35 under two conditions: wearing a mask and hood with attached cellulose acetate fibres in the presence and absence of shea-butter. The mean difference in skin temperatures (0.5 ℃) between the two conditions was significant. Coaxial electrospinning of shea-butter/cellulose acetate fibres is therefore promising for protective clothing with efficient heat-transfer in the use of a large area.
Gute Online-Lehrpraxis aus Studierendensicht in den ersten Wochen der CoViD-19-Krise
Authors: Schön Sandra , Wieser Viktoria , Dennerlein Sebastian , Ebner Martin
Published: November 2021

Ende Mai 2020 wurden die Studierenden der Technischen Universität Graz im Rahmen einer studentischen Qualifizierungsarbeit zu guten Lehrerfahrungen in der der Notfall-Online-Lehre durch die CoViD-19-Pandemie im Sommersemester 2020 befragt. 137 Beispiele für gute Lehre von unterschiedlichen Teilnehmenden werden für den Beitrag ausgewertet. Die Analyse der Antworten zeigen, dass in einem Gros der Lehrveranstaltungen die als gelungen erlebt wurden, (auch) Videotechnik zum Einsatz kommt (90 %), bei mehr als der Hälfte (auch) Videos zur Verfügung gestellt werden und bei der Hälfte Live-, d. h. synchrone Veranstaltungen angeboten werden. Ein wesentliches Merkmal für gute Lehrbeispiele ist, dass Studierende etwas gelernt haben (77 % «trifft voll zu») und bei Beschreibungen der Lehrbeispiele erwähnen rund ein Drittel, dass die Umstellung der Lehrveranstaltung, die sie als gute Lehre erlebten, zügig erfolgte. Methodisch-didaktische Besonderheiten werden damit in der frühen Phase des Distance Learning eher selten (12 %) von den befragten Studierenden benannt.
Erasmus of Rotterdam on the Religious Schism in Bohemia (1518-1519): concordia vs tolerantia
Authors: Софронова Л.В. , Хазина А.В.
Published: November 2021

В статье исследуется переписка Эразма Роттердамского с чешским дворянином Яном Слехтой (1518-1519). Анализ посланий показывает наличие в Богемии трех крупных религиозных партий: католиков, чашников, Общины чешских братьев, именуемых пикартами, и разрозненных нехристианских сообществ: иудейских общин и сект эпикурейского и николаитского (адамитского) толков. Такой религиозный плюрализм Эразм характеризует как аномалию, как болезнь социума, которую необходимо преодолеть. Предлагаемое им средство состоит в возвращении всех в лоно римской церкви при условии согласия в ключевых положениях христианства. Эразм предлагает не закреплять разъединение через признание за некатолическими группами их прав на отличие, а, наоборот, создать условия для ликвидации этого раскола. Такую позицию Эразма не следует трактовать как принятие религиозного плюрализма, как веротерпимость и толерантность в современном понимании слова.

The article examines the correspondence of Erasmus of Rotterdam with the Czech nobleman Jan Slechta (1518-1519). The analysis of the epistles shows that there were three major religious parties in Bohemia: Catholics, Chashniki, a Community of Czech brothers called picarts, and some scattered non-Christian communities: Jewish communities and sects of epicurean and nicolaitean (Adamite) followers. Erasmus characterizes such religious pluralism as an anomaly, as a disease of society that must be overcome. The remedy proposed by the humanist is to restore ecclesiastical unity and return all to the bosom of the Roman Church, provided that all agree on the key points of Christianity. Erasmus proposes not to consolidate the division by tolerating this division and recognizing the rights of non-Catholic groups to differ, but, on the contrary, to create conditions for the elimination of this division. Non-Christian movements should be excluded from interfaith dialogue. This position of Erasmus should not be interpreted as acceptance of religious pluralism, as toleration and tolerance in the modern sense of the word.
Rehumanization of “Them”: Evolution of Representations of the “Enemy Number One” in American Cold War Cinema
Authors: Рябов О.В.
Published: November 2021

Исследуется, как в кинематографе США на протяжении 1940–1960-х гг. менялись способы изображения СССР: от дегуманизации образа врага до деконструкции этого образа. Исследовании опирается на концепцию Н. Хэслема, согласно которой дегуманизация аутгруппы осуществляется в двух формах: анималистской (при помощи сравнения с животными) и механицистской (за счет уподобления машинам). Показано, что в 1940–1950-х гг. голливудские фильмы широко использовали обе формы де-гуманизации при создании образа «врага номер один». Регуманизация СССР происходит в фильме «Русские идут! Русские идут!» (1966), который выступил как своеобразный кинематографический манифест Realpolitik и философии разрядки.

The article dwells upon evolution of the ways in which the U.S. Cold War films represented the USSR: from dehumanization of the image of enemy in 1940-1950s to deconstruction of this image in 1960s. The author applies Nick Haslam’s dual model of dehumanization, aс-cording to which dehumanization is visible in two forms: animalistic by associating members of out-group with animals and mechanistic by associating them with machine. The Hollywood movies of 1940-1950s actively employed both forms in creating the image of the “enemy number one”. The release of Norman Jewison’s film “The Russians are coming! The Russians are coming!” in 1966 marked the beginning of rehumanization of the USSR. The author points out that the film served as a sort of cinematic manifest of Realpolitik and philosophy of détente.
Experience of Using a Mobile App to Improve Adherence to Treatment in Patients with TB/HIV Coinfection
Authors: Zhdаnovа S. N. , Ogаrkov O. B. , Koshkinа O. G. , Zorkаltsevа E. Yu. , Moiseevа E. Ya. , Heysell S. K.
Published: November 2021

The objective of the study: to summarize experience of using a mobile technology to improve adherence in patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection (TB/HIV) who are psychoactive substance users.

Subjects and Methods. A smartphone app was used, it included daily patient inquiries about mood, stress levels, and medication intake; periodic reminders about outpatient appointments; and anonymous chats with the coordinating physician and other patients. Treatment results were evaluated in Group 1 (n = 54) and Group 2 (n = 50), where this technology was used and not used, respectively.

Results. The number of patients cured of tuberculosis was not significantly different between Groups 1 and 2 (32/51 vs. 27/48; χ2 = 0.61, p = 0.48). Patients from Group 2 died significantly more often during the follow-up period (14/48 vs. 3/51; χ2 = 7.86, p = 0.006) associated with antiretroviral therapy interruption or withdrawal. Increased CD4 count by 6 months of follow-up was found in both groups, most pronounced among those who started ART (W = 6.0, p = 0.004 – in Group 1 and W = 15.0, p = 0.004 – in Group 2). The total number of patients with viral suppression was greater in Group 1 than in Group 2 (34/47 vs. 20/39; χ2 = 4.05, p = 0.04).

Conclusion. The mobile app used is suitable for supporting the outpatient management of patients with TB/HIV coinfection but its direct impact was reflected only in the formation of ART adherence and lower number of deaths.
A Clinical Case of Extensive Drug Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using an Endobronchial Valve. Analysis of Errors in the Choice of Chemotherapy Regimen
Authors: Burmistrovа I. A. , Ezhovа E. V. , Dаdаshevа Kh. B. , Vаniev E. V. , Lovаchevа O. V. , Vаsilyevа I. A.
Published: November 2021

The article describes a clinical case of a female patient with respiratory tuberculosis exposed to several cases of extensive drug resistance in their family. Tuberculosis progressed in this patient due to the late initiation of adequate treatment. Therefore, the total duration of chemotherapy made 5 years till cure was achieved and an endobronchial valve was used to heal persisting (for 3 years) lung destruction.
As condicionantes nos licenciamentos ambientais para a fase de operação de rodovias: um estudo de caso no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Domingues Dênis Silvano , Hartmann Marilia Teresinha , Marco Cristhian Magnus de , Hartmann Paulo Afonso
Published: November 2021

No Brasil, país com dimensões continentais, o transporte rodoviário é o principal modal utilizado, com 1,72 milhões km de rodovias pavimentadas e não pavimentadas. Estradas e rodovias são consideradas como vetores de desenvolvimento, porém também são fonte de distúrbio antrópico no meio ambiente, como fragmentação da paisagem e mortalidade de fauna, representando uma real ameaça para a conservação da vida silvestre. Mesmo rodovias implementadas com o prévio Estudo de Impacto Ambiental/Relatório de Impacto ao Meio Ambiente (EIA/RIMA) e possuidoras das respectivas licenças ambientais, podem carecer de estudos técnicos complementares e sequenciais que permitam o monitoramento contínuo da biodiversidade, mostrando-se insuficientes e ineficazes aos fins que se destinam. Neste sentido, a integração da infraestrutura existente e a previsão e mitigação de impactos dos novos empreendimentos se configura como um grande desafio socioambiental. Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar os critérios técnicos e jurídicos que nortearam as condicionantes ambientais e expressas nos licenciamentos das rodovias da região norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, identificando eventuais carências ou inconsistências hábeis à efetividade na implantação e à redução dos impactos ambientais. Para tal foram avaliados os documentos referentes aos licenciamentos ambientais de três rodovias no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, as condicionantes ambientais previstas, os regramentos técnicos norteadores, as ações realizadas para a regularização das rodovias, e os desdobramentos legais para sua aplicabilidade. O procedimento de licenciamento ambiental vigente para as rodovias analisadas sinaliza com decisões conflitantes que inviabilizam os fins desejados e necessitam de aprimoramentos para uma maior proteção ambiental. A efetiva participação das partes envolvidas no processo técnico de licenciamento ambiental de rodovias contribui positivamente para a celeridade processual e evita judicialização. A clareza nos regramentos a serem cumpridos, tanto pelo licenciador como pelo licenciado, além de ser mais benéfica a ambos, contempla a segurança jurídica e salvaguarda a transparência nos procedimentos fiscalizatórios e renovadores dos licenciamentos.
Optimum dose ofChaetocerosfor controlling methanogenesis to improve power production of microbial fuel cell
Authors: Rajesh P. P. , Christine P. , Ghangrekar M. M.
Published: November 2021

The marine algae Chaetoceros contains hexadecatrienoic acid, which suppresses methanogen development and improves the coulombic efficiency (CE) of microbial fuel cells (MFC). To inhibit the methanogens, optimum concentration of marine algae should be added to the anaerobic sludge to enhance the performance of MFC. A varying concentration of Chaetoceros ranging from 1 to 20 mg/mL was carried out for pretreatment of an anaerobic-mix consortium to suppress methanogens. MFC inoculated with pretreated anaerobic sludge with 10 mg/mL Chaetoceros showed a maximum power density of 21.62 W/m3 and a maximum CE of 37.25%, which was considerably higher than the treatment with other concentrations. At 10 mg/mL concentration, Tafel analysis of the anode in the MFC showed a higher exchange current density of 66.35 mA/m2 and a lower charge transfer resistance of 0.97 Ω.m2, revealing higher bio-electrochemical activity. The performance of MFC improved when the concentration of Chaetoceros was increased up to 10 mg/mL, but then began to decline as the concentration increased further. Thus, the optimum dose of Chaetoceros to be added in the mix-anaerobic consortium to optimize the power performance of MFC was determined, which can be carried out in scaled-up MFCs.
GABA System in Depression: Impact on Pathophysiology and Psychopharmacology
Authors: Della Vecchia Alessandra , Arone Alessandro , Piccinni Armando , Mucci Federico , Marazziti Donatella
Published: November 2021

Background:

The pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), one
of the major causes of worldwide disability, is still largely unclear, despite the increasing
data reporting evidence of multiple alterations of different systems. Recently, there was a
renewed interest in the signalling of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) - the main inhibitory
neurotransmitter.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to review and comment on the available literature
about the involvement of GABA in MDD, as well as on novel GABAergic compounds
possibly useful as antidepressants.

Methods:

We carried out a narrative review through Pubmed, Google Scholar and Scopus,
by using specific keywords.

Results:

The results, derived from various research tools, strongly support the presence
of a deficiency of the GABA system in MDD, which appears to be restored by common
antidepressant treatments. More recent publications would indicate the complex interactions
between GABA and all the other processes involved in MDD, such as monoamine
neurotransmission, hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal axis functioning, neurotrophism, and
immune response. Taken together, all these findings seem to further support the complexity
of the pathophysiology of MDD, possibly reflecting the heterogeneity of the clinical
pictures.

Conclusion:

Although further data are necessary to support the specificity of GABA deficiency
in MDD, the available findings would suggest that novel GABAergic compounds
might constitute innovative therapeutic strategies in MDD.
Testosterone Supplementation on Sarcopenia Components in Chronic Patients:
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Correa Camila , Bieger Patrícia , Perry Ingrid S. , Souza Gabriela C.
Published: November 2021

Background:

Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder with unfavorable
muscle changes throughout life, which can be associated with chronic disease. Testosterone supplementation is
emerging as a possible therapy; however, it is still necessary to explore its effectiveness.

Objectives:

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and summarize the evidence related to
the effect of testosterone supplementation on sarcopenia components of chronic disease patients.

Methods:

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis with studies that assessed the effect of testosterone
supplementation on sarcopenia components of chronic disease patients. Papers were identified using
Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms, combining “sarcopenia”, “muscular atrophy”, and “testosterone”,
searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases, and also hand searching.

Results:

The database search resulted in 1602 applicable citations that could be included. Of those, 1560 were
removed at the first phase, by reading the title and abstract, and a total of 17 studies were finally included after
full-text assessment and manual searches of previous review references. With regard to the effects of testosterone
supplementation on sarcopenia components, when taken together, the evaluated studies presented an increase
in muscle mass and/or muscle strength, but results for muscle functional capacity were inconsistent.

Conclusions:

Testosterone supplementation increased the muscle mass and muscle strength in chronic disease
patients. However, current evidence does not indicate that those patients could benefit from testosterone supplementation
in order to improve their muscle function.

PRESPERO Registration ID:

CRD 42019122099.
Development of Nanomedicines and Nano-Similars: Recent Advances in Regulatory Landscape
Authors: Paliwal Rishi , Kumar Pramod , Chaurasiya Akash , Kenwat Rameshroo , Katke Sumeet , Paliwal Shivani R.
Published: November 2021

Background:

Nanopharmaceuticals serve as emerging forms of modern medicines, which include
nanomedicines, nanosimilars, nanotheranostics, nanodevices, and many more. In the last two decades, a large
number of nano-based products have reached the market and are being used clinically.

Objectives:

Unlike conventional pharmaceutical products, nanopharmaceuticals behave differently both in vitro
and in vivo, and therefore, the development of their generic versions needs special attention to replicate the similar
drug release pattern leading to an identical therapeutic outcome. Further, drug-device combinations and 3D
products are the latest advancements in precision medicine delivery and development.

Methods:

The regulatory guidelines for these products are being framed at many stages by various regulatory
agencies like USFDA/EMA and still are in infancy at the moment if we look at wider perspectives and applications
of nanomedicine.

Results:

For a formulation scientist, it is much needed that well-explained and directive guidelines should be
made available before leading to the development of the generic versions of these nano-cargos.

Conclusion:

Here, in this review, we have summarized the silent features of the regulatory perspectives related
to nanotechnology based next generation therapeutics and diagnostics.
Validity and reliability of beck depression inventory (BDI) bahasa melayu version
Authors: Hassan Harzurita , Said Zaini , Ibrahim Norhayati
Published: November 2021

This pilot study was conducted to test the reliability and validity of the instrument to be used to assess the level of depression among public servants in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. The instrument used is the Beck Depression Inventory Bahasa Melayu Version. This instrument has two parts: Part A collects the demographic information and Part B has 21 items to measure depression. Although the basis of the existence of BDI is for use in clinical settings, there are many studies which have used BDI in non-clinical settings such as among university students and the general public. The BDI is empirically proven to be fit for use in both settings. A total of 30 public servants, who have been identified as a low performer at the Office of the State Secretary of Selangor, participated in this study. The Rasch Measurement Model using the Winsteps software version 3.72.3 was used to analyse the results. This Rasch analysis has shown that the reliability index of the Respondent obtained was 0.76 and the item reliability index was 0.83.
WATER FOOTPRINT OF CROP PRODUCTION IN TEHRAN PROVINCE
Authors: Kalvani Somayeh Rezaei , Sharaai Amir Hamzah , Abd Manaf Latifah , Hamidian Amir Hossein
Published: November 2021

Evaluation of supply chain of water consumption contributes toward reducing water scarcity, as it allows for increased water productivity in the agricultural sector. Water Footprint (WF) is a powerful tool for water management; it accounts for the volume of water consumption at high spatial and temporal resolution. The objective of this research is to investigate the water footprint trend of crop production in Tehran from 2008 to 2015 and to assess blue water scarcity in the agricultural sector. Water consumption of crop production was evaluated based on the WF method. Evapotranspiration was evaluated by applying the CROPWAT model. Blue water scarcity was evaluated using the blue water footprint-to-blue water availability formula. The results demonstrate that pistachio, cotton, walnut, almond, and wheat have a large WF, amounting to 11.111 m3/kg, 4,703 m3/kg, 3,932 m3/kg, 3,217 m3/kg, and 1.817 m3/kg, respectively. Agricultural blue water scarcity amounted to 0.6 (severe water stress class) (2015–2016). Agricultural water consumption in Tehran is unsustainable since it contributes to severe blue water scarcity. Tehran should reduce agricultural water scarcity by reducing the water footprint of the agricultural sector.
THE BEHAVIOURS AND JOB POSITIONS OF CITIZENS IN SMART CITIES’ DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Lim Sengboon , Abdul Malek Jalaluddin , Hussain Mohd Yusof , Tahir Zurinah
Published: November 2021

Of the three major actors in smart cities, citizens have the most ambiguous roles, unlike the government which is the clear decision-maker, and the private technological players which are obviously supposed to provide state-of-the-art technologies to smart cities. Evidently, the possession of ambiguous characteristics or vague roles can result in the manipulation and subjugation of the general public by the power-holders. Thus, the objective of this paper is toidentify the desirable characteristics – including the behaviours and job positions – of the citizens who participate in the development of smart cities. Following the conduction of semi-structured interviews on the stakeholders of smart cities, it was found that citizens can actually be (1) active and independent volunteers in public life, (2) local champions or co-producers of public values, as well as (3) aware and educated-intention human sensors who drive changes, instead of being passive users of data or beneficiaries of services. It has been argued that the creation of smart cities is reliant on a deeper understanding of the citizens’ characteristics, apart from the implementation of policies which generate aware and civic-minded citizens.
PLANNING OF PRIVATE GATED DEVELOPMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF GATED VS NON-GATED NEIGHBOURHOODS, CITY OF GURUGRAM, INDIA
Authors: Kaushik Ajay
Published: November 2021

The cities are expanding rapidly all over the world. India has also experienced this phenomenon and has continued the pace of growth. The recent trends in spatial growth of the cities are a new phenomenon in Indian urban landscape. The cities in India are witnessing development with the help of private developers for the last couple of decades. Being private properties these are by nature of exercising control have gates and boundaries. In scholarly literature these are called as Gated Community/Gated Development. Authors have argued them from various perspectives of anthropology, law, management and sociology etc. but very little has been discussed about their planning and morphology. Although, the rise of Gated Development is majorly attributed to the sense of fear and need for security, yet architects and urban designers, and even sociologist stress upon other methods to make the neighbourhoods secured. Hence the security aspects are not made part of the research here. The aspects of how these gated development impacts the perception of neighbourhood by residents is not touched upon. The paper discusses the distinction between the gated and non-gated neighbourhoods and also how residents perceive their neighbourhoods at large. For explaining this phenomenon, three neighbourhoods in the city of Gurugram in Haryana state in India have been identified as case study. These are identified on the basis of different morphological images that are identified. Space syntax and space cognition through sketch mapping is used for the analysis of the three neighbourhoods. The paper suggest that the continuity and connectivity of any spatial configuration is of utmost importance to make neighbourhood environment worthy of living life more socially connected.