bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Significance of The Hero’s Journey in Siddhartha’s Character Development as Seen in Herman Hesse’s Siddhartha
Authors: Damayanti Adelia , Munjid Achmad
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses the character development of Siddhartha, the main character in Herman Hesse’s novel, Siddhartha (1973). This research aims to study how Siddhartha’s character develops during his journey to reach enlightenment. The analysis is conducted by using the theory of the hero's journey by Joseph Campbell. The result shows that Siddhartha’s journey follows twelve out of seventeen stages of the hero’s journey proposed by Campbell. All of the stages appear in the same order except the stage Belly of The Whale that comes late. It functions as a turning point rather than a preparation for a greater ordeal. The analysis also shows that Siddhartha undergoes two major changes; from an individualistic to a wise person and from someone who is always persistent and thirsty for knowledge to someone who is flexible.
Narod, partije i demokratija u Bosni i Hercegovini
Authors: Vukovic Djordje
Published: June 2021

Prikaz knjige:
Vlade Simović Narod, partije i demokratija u Bosni i Hercegovini, Fakultet političkih nauka Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci, 2019, 357 str.
DA LI ĆE KINESKA VALUTA TOKOM 2020-IH DOBITI GLOBALNI STATUS?
Authors: Nikolic Goran , Petrovic Predrag
Published: June 2021

Pandemija KOVID-19 i s njom povezana ekonomska kriza katalizuje rebalans u globalnoj moći, od Zapada ka Istoku, što se odražava i na valutna tržišta. Procene su da će značajno ojačati uticaj renminbija (RMB) tokom treće decenije 21. veka, da bi na kraju tog perioda on postao treća najveća rezervna valuta. Ovo je povezano sa rastućom spremnošću stranih investitora da uđu na jedno od retkih tržišta kapitala za koje se očekuje značajan rast u post-KOVID-19 eri, pre svega zahvaljujući ubrzanju liberalizacije kineskog finansijskog tržišta i očekivanoj apresijaciji RMB tokom 2020-ih. Kineski pomaci na razvoju prve suverene digitalne valute će takođe imati veliku važnost za internacionalizaciju RMB. Ogromna veličina kineske ekonomije, koja će 2028. verovatno prestići američku, i rastuća uloga RMB-a predstavljaju do sada najozbiljniji izazov za SAD i dolar. U nadolazećem multipolarnom svetu može se zamisliti da dolar nastavlja da igra pretežnu, ali ne kao sada ekskluzivnu ulogu, u međunarodnoj trgovini i finansijama. Dakle, jasno je da je RMB još uvek daleko od svetske rezervne valute, koja zahteva punu konvertibilnost i potpunu liberalizaciju tržišta kapitala, ali se put ka tropolnom monetarnom sistemu, koga bi činili dolar, evro i renminbi, nazire.
Estrategias de las mujeres del noreste de México para la sostenibilidad de la vida frente a la escasez del agua
Authors: Cazares-Palacios Itzia María , Valdés-García Karla Patricia , De Arce Alejandra
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: conocer el punto de vista de las mujeres de Buñuelos, Coahuila, sobre la situación actual del agua en su localidad, los significados que otorgan al recurso y las estrategias que llevan a cabo para sostener la vida familiar y comunitaria frente a la escasez de éste. Metodología: siguiendo una metodología de tipo cualitativo, se realizaron entrevistas etnográficas y se conformaron grupos focales. Resultados: las formas de vida capitalistas limitan o restringen el acceso al agua a las mujeres, a la par que incrementan el trabajo que realizan para la reproducción social. Limitaciones: no se analizó ninguna otra dimensión estructural en torno a la calidad de vida en Buñuelos ni los aportes de otros actores clave de la localidad. Valor: la información descrita sirve como base para el diseño de políticas públicas orientadas a un desarrollo sostenible e incluyente. Conclusiones: los datos expuestos son importantes e imprescindibles debido a que provienen de las mujeres y desde el lugar que ocupan en la estructura social.
Degradation and Detoxification of Congo Red azo dye by Immobilized Laccase of Streptomyces sviceus
Authors: Chakravarthi Bhoodevi , Mathkala Vani , Palempalli Uma Maheswari Devi
Published: June 2021

The discharge of textile effluents enriched with reactive azo dyes is of critical importance owing to inability of the dyes to degrade in waste water and their carcinogenic, mutagenic effects to various organisms. This study initiated based on the need to gaze into molecular mechanism of marine bacterial bioremediation process to develop strategies for the decolorization and detoxification of the synthetic azo dyes. The experimental work carried out to explore decolorization and degradation efficacy of laccase derived from marine actinobacteria, Streptomyces sviceus by choosing Congo red-21 as model azo dye. The extracellular production of laccase was confirmed with plate assay in medium supplemented with ABTS as substrate. Laccase was purified to homogeneity from 72hrs culture of Streptomyces sviceus by Fast performance liquid chromatography and the molecular size of laccase was noticed as 60 kDa. The purified laccase was immobilized with an efficiency of 82% by Calcium alginate method. The crude, purified and immobilized forms of the laccase enzyme was used to decolorize the Congo red-21. Crude laccase enzyme showed 69% of decolorization of Congo red-21 after 48h where as purified and immobilized laccase represented 78% and 92% of colour removal after 24 h respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were used to unravel the molecular mechanism of dye detoxification and also identify nontoxic products released from Congo Red-21 upon administration with immobilized laccase. Based on GC-MS data, it may deduce that immobilized laccase of Streptomyces sviceus cleaves the Congo red-21 dye followed by oxidative cleavage, desulfonation, deamination, demethylation process.
Atuação da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária no enquadramento de produtos fronteira: uma pesquisa documental
Authors:   Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), Brasília, DF, Brasil, Marques Mota Daniel , Ferreira do Nascimento Alessandro ,   Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), Brasília, DF, Brasil, Cezar de Aquino Nélio ,   Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), Brasília, DF, Brasil, Marcolongo Raquel ,   Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), Brasília, DF, Brasil, Cunha Barbosa Cavalcanti e Cysne Troncoso Gabrielle ,   Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), Brasília, DF, Brasil
Published: June 2021

Introdução: Os produtos sujeitos à vigilância sanitária, em sua maioria, podem ser facilmente enquadrados em medicamentos, produtos para a saúde, cosméticos, saneantes ou alimentos, para fins de regularização na Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa). Entretanto, existem produtos, designados de “produtos fronteira”, que compartilham características de várias destas categorias simultaneamente, dificultando seu enquadramento à luz da legislação sanitária vigente. Objetivo: Descrever a atuação da Anvisa no enquadramento de produtos fronteira para fins de comercialização no Brasil. Método: Pesquisa documental de natureza descritiva e abordagem quali-quantitativa realizada com documentos produzidos pela Anvisa. A elaboração da narrativa foi baseada em um processo seletivo, criterioso e iterativo. Os valores numéricos foram expressos em frequências absolutas e relativas, sendo a mediana utilizada como medidade tendência central. Resultados: Foram analisados 27 documentos. A Anvisa instituiu um comitê técnico, em outubro de 2015, com atribuição de subsidiar decisões da sua Diretoria Colegiada (Dicol) sobre enquadramento de produtos fronteira. É formado por representantes das áreas de registro, monitoramento pós-mercado, fiscalização sanitária e melhoria da qualidade regulatória. O comitê adotou cinco critérios de demarcação de fronteira, com fundamento na experiência de outras agências reguladoras internacionais. Entre 2017 e 2019, o comitê emitiu dez pareceres que tiveram deliberações da Dicol. Em cinco casos, a demarcação de fronteira envolveu dois tipos de categoria de produtos, a saber: medicamento e produto para a saúde. Foram identificadas 62 citações nos oito pareceres de enquadramento de produtos fronteira, sendo a maioria classificadas como literatura cinzenta (n = 53; 85,5%). Conclusões: É recente a atuação da Anvisa, de forma mais sistematizada e integrada, no tema de enquadramento dos produtos fronteira, com a criação de um comitê técnico formado por representantes das áreas responsáveis pelo registro de produtos, fiscalização, monitoramento e regulamentação. A conformação atual do comitê produziu, em 2019, maior número de pareceres em relação aos anos anteriores estudados.
Práticas de produção, armazenamento e utilização do plasma rico em plaquetas e produtos relacionados no Brasil: estudo transversal
Authors:   Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Vianna Pachito Daniela , Maria Bagattini Ângela ,   Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Mendrone Júnior Alfredo ,   Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo e Laboratório de Processamento Celular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Riera Rachel ,   Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
Published: June 2021

Introdução: O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) é uma tecnologia com potencial aplicação em diversas áreas da medicina e odontologia. A alta variabilidade no processo de produção desta tecnologia e de tecnologias relacionadas desafiam a regulamentação de sua produção, do controle de qualidade e do uso. Objetivo: Avaliar práticas de produção, armazenamento e utilização do PRP e produtos relacionados no Brasil, permitindo a identificação de variabilidade operacional ao longo destes processos. Método: Estudo transversal com coleta de dados realizadas por meio de um questionário eletrônico, autoaplicado e com preservação de anonimato. As perguntas foram definidas a partir de revisão de literatura e por consulta a especialista da área. O questionário foi encaminhado a pesquisadores e a profissionais de várias áreas atualmente envolvidas na produção do PRP. Esses profissionais foram identificados por diferentes estratégias, tais como participação prévia em eventos relacionados e publicações na área. Resultados: Foram obtidas 64 respostas, sendo 36 respostas completas (56,3%) e 28 respostas parciais (43,7%). A taxa de respondentes não pôde ser calculada, considerando-se as formas de divulgação do questionário. Para a produção de PRP, as respostas indicaram predomínio de protocolos com centrifugação dupla e utilização de métodos variados para ativação plaquetária. A maioria dos respondentes referiu utilizar o PRP nas áreas de ortopedia, fisiatria e medicina esportiva. Para a produção do plasma rico em fibrina (PRF), houve predomínio de respostas indicando utilização de protocolo de centrifugação única, sem utilização de métodos de ativação plaquetária. A maioria dos respondentes indicou utilizar o PRF em áreas da odontologia. No geral, observou-se grande variabilidade nos procedimentos de obtenção e do perfil de utilização entre os principais tipos de concentrados de plaquetas. Conclusões: Os achados corroboram a necessidade do desenvolvimento de medidas regulatórias com foco nos pontos críticos identificados, visando promover a segurança durante a produção e utilização dos concentrados de plaqueta.
Produção científica de 2010 a 2018 sobre o controle de qualidade de espécies vegetais incluídas na Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais
Authors:   Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (PPG-CAPS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil, Oliveira Rodrigues Lucas , Cardozo Mourão Samanta ,   Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (PPG-CAPS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil / Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica (MTC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasi, Martins Gouvêa Marcos ,   Departamento de Química Analítica (GQA), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
Published: June 2021

Introdução: O Ministério da Saúde elaborou a Relação Nacional de Plantas Medicinais de Interesse ao Sistema Único de Saúde (Renisus) para incentivar a pesquisa científica de 71 espécies vegetais com potencial para gerar produtos para o Sistema Único de Saúde. Destas, 12 constam na Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (Rename) e, portanto, têm seus respectivos fitoterápicos ofertados no sistema público. Entretanto, três ainda não apresentam monografias na Farmacopeia Brasileira. Objetivo: Avaliar quantitativamente a produção científica sobre o controle de qualidade das 12 espécies da Rename, demonstrar a possibilidade de utilização das referências já disponíveis na elaboração e inclusão das monografias ainda não contempladas no compêndio nacional e avaliar se a principal política governamental de incentivo da área influenciou a produção científica brasileira considerando o recorte estudado. Método: O levantamento dos dados foi realizado a partir de um estudo longitudinal retrospectivo, considerando o controle de qualidade das 12 espécies vegetais da Rename por diferentes técnicas analíticas nos períodos pré e pós-Renisus (pré e pós-2010), utilizando as bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus. Resultados: Todas as espécies avaliadas apresentaram artigos científicos descrevendo métodos analíticos para a determinação de seus constituintes. Considerando a produção científica brasileira, 67% das espécies vegetais apresentaram baixo crescimento nominal individual (≤ oito artigos) no período posterior à promulgação da Renisus, enquanto o restante apresentou maior crescimento (≥ 19 artigos). Conclusões: As espécies ainda não contempladas na Farmacopeia Brasileira apresentaram referências na literatura com potenciais métodos analíticos para elaboração de futuras monografias farmacopeicas. Entretanto, as políticas de incentivo podem não ter influenciado significativamente a fração estudada da produção científica brasileira.
MODELO DE OTIMIZAÇÃO DE CUSTOS DE ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA
Authors: Donato Alexandre De , Santos Marcos dos , Donato Ivânia Maria Lucinda De
Published: June 2021

A agricultura urbana tem crescido no Brasil, e nesta os altos custos da adubação orgânica tornam aaplicação de doses de macronutrientes superiores às necessidades da cultura um desperdícioeconômico relevante, pois na maioria das vezes só é possível atender a uma necessidade nutricionalexcedendo à de outro (ou outros) nutriente. Problemas de otimização envolvem a minimização oumaximização de uma função de uma ou mais variáveis num determinado domínio. O presentetrabalho objetivou determinar a composição de adubos orgânicos a serem utilizados para suprir asnecessidades nutricionais de determinadas culturas com o menor custo possível. Utilizou-se um modelo hipotético, sendo o problema formulado em termos matemáticos, identificando o critério de otimização do mesmo, representando-o como uma função linear das variáveis de decisão, o qual consistiu na minimização do custo do adubo. Após a modelagem matemática da situação problema, as equações foram inseridas no software Linear, Interactive, and Discrete Optimizer (LINDO). Os resultados obtidos a partir do modelo hipotético utilizado no presente estudo ilustram a possibilidade de utilização de uma ferramenta da Pesquisa Operacional para reduzir os custos de adubação orgânica de plantios. Esta ferramenta pode minimizar os custos de adubação orgânica de plantios, entretanto, é importante lembrar que os custos de adubos orgânicos, bem como as necessidades nutricionais das culturas, são variáveis, podendo uma mesma cultura ter composições de seus adubos e custos ótimos distintos.
Residency Education Redesign: The Interplay of Innovation and Standardization
Authors: Garvin Roger D. , Carney Patricia A.
Published: June 2021

Tensions have always existed between innovation and standardization in family medicine, due to the need for rapid responses to changing health issues while ensuring proficiency. For innovation in residency training to be successful, standardization of milestones and frameworks as well as outcomes of residency education are needed and must be clear and rely on measurable effectiveness standards. Standardization without innovation can cause educational stasis, failure to adapt to change, and/or lack of evidence-guided education. Here, we examine possible options for creating the right balance, review what the evidence shows, and make recommendations for the future, including (1) adoption and study of clear, actionable entrustable professional activities (EPAs) as educational standards for residency graduates; (2) core faculty be required to engage in faculty development that includes competency-based medical education using the EPA framework, advanced curriculum development, program evaluation, objective learner assessments aligned with individualized learning plans, and increased opportunities for program directors to gain additional training in the educational sciences; (3) 30% of protected time for core faculty to design, administer, and assess the educational program; (4) required participation in educational collaboratives that rigorously study innovation; (5) required scholarly work that supports program development both clinically and educationally. Taken together, these recommendations represent a vital interplay between cutting-edge innovation and thoughtful standardization using collaboration to graduate residents ready to provide optimal care in their communities, both now and into the future. All stakeholders in the discipline must undertake strategic and deliberate planning designed to adjust direct and indirect costs of residency training to support these recommendations.
PEQUENOS BRINCANTES DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: UM ENCONTRO ENTRE A DANÇA E AS CULTURAS POPULARES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Almeida Fernanda De Souza , De Sá Andreza Lucena Minervino
Published: June 2021

O presente texto apresenta uma investigação que almejou elaborar, aplicar e refletir sobre uma proposta de intervenção em dança com as crianças goianienses, trazendo em seu cerne, a complexa trama de saberes das culturas populares brasileiras: o lúdico, o conto, a música, o ritmo, o movimento e a dramatização; tendo como principal inspiração, os parques infantis de Mário de Andrade. Para a construção da proposta elencamos, a partir dos estudos vinculados à área temática da pesquisa, três eixos de ação: Fundamentos brincantes, Elementos da dança e Estratégias de abordagem. Com isso, por meio de uma pesquisa-ação, ofertamos 12 encontros, uma vez por semana, ao longo de 4 meses, para duas turmas de crianças com 4 anos de idade, matriculadas em um Centro de Educação Infantil conveniado à prefeitura de Goiânia (GO). Todo o processo foi registrado em um diário de campo e dialogado com a teoria elencada. Assim, entre gatos, cachorros, caranguejos, sapos, jacarés coiós, Cacuriás, Cirandas, Jongos, Bumba meu Boi, Capoeira, Catira, cantigas, cordéis, brincadeiras, jogos, brinquedos, adivinhas, palmas, adoletas, mapas do Brasil, vídeos, dobraduras, pinturas, entramos na roda e exploramos palavras, sons, expressões e gestos de modo mágico, metafórico e lúdico. As crianças dançaram e foi possível desenvolver vivências em dança tendo os saberes populares como eixo condutor. Um percurso que nos possibilitou converter-nos em parceiras privilegiadas de novas e infinitas aventuras poéticas com as crianças. Palavras-chaveDança e Educação Infantil. Educação da Infância. Práticas Educativas. Saberes Tradicionais.
O PROFESSOR-NARRADOR: AUTORIDADE E RESPONSABILIDADE COMO ESTRATÉGIA DOCENTE
Authors: Gomes Sidmar Silveira
Published: June 2021

Ao partir da problematização de dizeres naturalizados no que tange à função-docente, articulados a atuais discussões sobre a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), a presente reflexão intenta ensaiar a função professor de teatro pela perspectiva de um professor-narrador: figura que ao narrar o mundo integraria a ele as gerações vindouras. Participa desta discussão os temas da tradição, da autoridade e da responsabilidade no campo educacional, debatidos por Hannah Arendt, a função do narrador, rememorada por Walter Benjamin, assim como as ideias de governo e de atitude crítica, legadas pelo pensador francês Michel Foucault. A armação argumentativa da reflexão, desafiando-se a uma abordagem outra do professor de teatro, dialoga com referências exógenas às práticas teatrais e educacionais: o filme Teorema, do italiano Pier Paolo Pasolini, e a obra literária Fahrenheit 451, do norte-americano Ray Bradbury. Palavras-chaveFunção-Docente. Professor-Narrador. BNCC. Pedagogia do Teatro.
COMPOSIÇÃO DRAMATÚRGICA: PRÁTICAS DE CRIAÇÃO CÊNICA
Authors: Fagundes Patricia
Published: June 2021

O trabalho reflete sobre conceitos e práticas de dramaturgia desenvolvidas durante o processo de ensaios, em montagens onde cena e texto são criados de modo simultâneo e interligado, a partir da perspectiva do teatro como arte corpórea, relacional e efêmera. Neste contexto, apresenta-se a noção de composição dramatúrgica, conceito e prática de escrita cênica que promove autorias compartilhadas, através de procedimentos heterogêneos, onde movimento, palavra, corpo, política e est(é)tica dialogam na experiência de fazer teatro no século XXI no Brasil, inventando as próprias narrativas. Palavras-chaveDramaturgia. Processo de Ensaios. Encenação. Festividade. Teatro.
International purview of poverty control in the new emerging economy
Authors: Ali Nawazeesh Muhammad , Wanasilp Wanakiti
Published: June 2021

Poverty is a socio-economic problem in Bangladesh which is an emerging economy. The research question of the study is “What are the ways of poverty drop in Bangladesh from the regulation of international political economy and development perspective and how governance of the country can reduce poverty?”. The time period of the research work is from August 2020 to December 2020. The study estimates the multiple regression equation. The study found that life expectancy and crude birth rate per 1000 are significant at a 5% level of significance against per capita GDP. Rising per capita GDP is the chief indicator of poverty reduction in the study, and the export earnings have been found to have a prominent role in rising per capita GDP indicating the needs for a stronger global partnership (SDG-17) alongside a strong local collaboration to achieve poverty reduction and become a middle-income country as per the Government’s Vision 2021. The study has observed that Bangladesh is gradually decreasing poverty over the time period, along with rising per capita income for which stable government regulation to drive poverty is needed so that LDC graduation in 2026 can be feasible
Promoting Factfulness in the Covid-19 pandemic-related policymaking: a map to understanding school closures
Authors: Nenna Raffaella , Zeric Hana , Petrarca Laura , Mancino Enrica , Midulla Fabio
Published: June 2021

Introduction: In the era of data-driven decision-making, an unacceptable
haziness and inconsistency surrounds the yearlong scientific and public
debate on the school closure policy in the COVID-19 pandemic mitigation
efforts. Aim: The present literature review stems out of the need for a
clear scaffold collecting in one place all current evidence, as well as
helping organizing incoming future evidence, concerning both the role of
schools in driving the Sars-CoV-2 community spread and the
cost-effectiveness of school closure in containing such spread. Methods:
References for this review were initially identified through searches of
PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library for articles published from March,
2020, to March, 2021 by use of the terms “Schools” “COVID-19”
“pandemic” “clusters” “outbreak” “seroprevalence”. Further
search was undertaken through Google Scholar and ResearchGate, and
finally through Google. Results: School closure at times of high
background prevalence of COVID-19 should not be considered a measure
implemented to protect the health of children. Children had lower
secondary attack rates than adults and that they infrequently
represented the index case. One year of pandemic has been sufficient for
the emergence of one indication of concern: a potentially increased
burden of paediatric mental health disorders. Conclusions: A fact-based
understanding of what is currently known on such a consequential policy
is required to provide a basis of evidence for an advocacy of either
school closure or school opening at times of high intensity community
transmission of Sars-CoV-2.
Spatial and temporal variation in precipitation isotopes at 2 locations in southwest Spain
Authors: Kohfahl Claus , Fonseca Rolf , Ruiz Fernando , Vadillo Iñaki
Published: June 2021

The δ2H and δ18O composition of 77 precipitation samples collected
between January 2014 and April 2019 from two sites across the
Guadalquivir Basin, SW Spain, were analyzed. Sampling was performed
within intervals of at least 14 days basis if rain occurred but
frequently intervals were longer according to the rainfall incidence.
Precipitation weighted averages and local meteoric water lines are
presented for use in hydrological applications. δ2H and δ18O values show
a remarkably high variability attributed to the influence of Atlantic
and Mediterranean vapor sources. Precipitation weighted average d-excess
values of 12.5-13 ‰ confirm the Western Mediterranean influence.
Temperature and amount effects were found to be weak but significant
influence of secondary evaporation for single rainfall events during
summer was identified by reduced d-excess values and enriched isotopic
signatures plotting close or below the Global Meteoric Water line
(GMWL). Isotopic signatures of both sites are very similar in general
and any temperature related urban effects of Seville city compared to
the rural site Doñana could not be identified with the present data
Subsurface water fluxes and their controls in a sloping heterogeneously layered volcanic soil beneath a supra-wet tropical montane cloud forest (NW Costa Rica)
Authors: Conrado Tobon , Bruijnzeel L. Adrian
Published: June 2021

Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) receive additional (‘occult’)
inputs of water from fog and wind-driven rain. Together with the
concomitant reduction in evaporative losses, this typically leads to
high soil moisture levels (often approaching saturation) that are likely
to promote rapid subsurface flow via macropores. Although TMCF make up
an estimated 6.6% of all remaining montane tropical forest and occur
mostly in steep headwater areas that are protected in the expectation of
reduced downstream flooding, TMCF hillslope hydrological functioning has
rarely been studied. To better understand the hydrology of a TMCF on
heterogeneously layered volcanic ash soils under very high net rainfall
conditions (up to 6,740 mm yr-1), we examined temporal and spatial soil
water dynamics and their contribution to subsurface runoff and stormflow
for a year (1 July 2003 – 30 June 2004) in a small headwater catchment
on the Atlantic (windward) slope near Monteverde, NW Costa Rica.
Particular attention was paid to partitioning of water fluxes into
lateral subsurface flow and vertical percolation. The presence of a
gravelly volcanic layer at shallow depth of very high hydraulic
conductivity intercalated between two layers of lower conductivity,
controlled both surface infiltration and delayed vertical water movement
deeper into the soil profile. Soil water fluxes during rainfall were
dominated by rapid lateral flow in the gravelly layer, particularly at
high soil water contents. In turn, this lateral subsurface flow
controlled the magnitude and timing of stormflow from the catchment.
Stormflow amount increased rapidly once topsoil moisture exceeded a
threshold value of ~0.58 cm3 cm-3. Responses were not
affected appreciably by rainfall intensity because soil hydraulic
conductivities across the profile largely exceeded prevailing rainfall
intensities.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy in a patient with noncompaction of ventricular myocardium: a case report
Authors: Wang Juan , Lu Dasheng , Han Yunong , zhang Hongxiang
Published: June 2021

Noncompaction of ventricular myocardium (NVM) is a rare and specific
type of congenital cardiomyopathy that occurs in only 0.05% in adults.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves cardiac function and
long-term prognosis in patients with heart failure with left bundle
branch block, but its efficacy on NVM is uncertain
The Transthoracic Three-Dimensional Echocardiography is Superior Technique to Reveal the Parachute-Like Asymmetric Mitral Valve
Authors: Saito Naka , Ueda Hideaki , Ichikawa Yasuhiro
Published: June 2021

A 13-year-old woman was underwent transthoracic two-dimensional
echocardiography (2DE), which revealed that only a small anterolateral
papillary muscle was observed in the left ventricle (LV). Additional
transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) revealed the
posteromedial-papillary muscle which has not correctly delaminated from
the LV wall and directly connected to the mitral valve leaflets without
tendon chordae. She was diagnosed as a parachute-like asymmetric mitral
valve rather than a true-parachute mitral valve. It was difficult to
understand the precise anatomy evaluated by the 2DE. However, additional
3DE provided helpful information to reveal the exact characteristics of
papillary muscle tissue.
Cross-Species Transmission of Emerging Coronaviruses in Humans and Domestic Mammals
Authors: Nova Nicole
Published: June 2021

Coronaviruses cause respiratory and digestive diseases in vertebrates.
The recent pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2, is taking a heavy toll on society and planetary
health, and illustrates the threat emerging coronaviruses can pose to
the well-being of humans and other animals. Coronaviruses are constantly
evolving, crossing host species barriers, and expanding their host
range. In the last few decades, several novel coronaviruses have emerged
in humans and domestic animals. Novel coronaviruses have also been
discovered in captive wildlife or wild populations, raising conservation
concerns. The evolution and emergence of novel viruses is enabled by
frequent cross-species transmission. It is thus crucial to determine
emerging coronaviruses’ potential for infecting different host species,
and to identify the circumstances under which cross-species transmission
occurs in order to mitigate the rate of disease emergence. Here, I
review (broadly across several mammalian host species) up-to-date
knowledge of host range and circumstances concerning reported
cross-species transmission events of emerging coronaviruses in humans
and common domestic mammals. All of these coronaviruses had similar host
ranges, were closely related (indicative of rapid diversification and
spread), and their emergence was likely associated with
high-host-density environments facilitating multi-species interactions
(e.g., shelters, farms, markets) and the health or well-being of animals
as end- and/or intermediate spillover hosts. Further research is needed
to identify mechanisms of the cross-species transmission events that
have ultimately led to a surge of emerging coronaviruses in multiple
species in a relatively short period of time in a world undergoing rapid
environmental change.
Self-assessment pain control in end-of-life children with bone tumors: a cohort study
Authors: Andrade Flavio , Valete Cristina , Silva André Ricardo , Ferman Sima
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: INCA estimated, for 2020 – 2022, Brazil would have 8,460
new pediatric cancer cases and 5% are bone cancer. Pain is the most
prevalent symptom and is present in 75% - 90%. Advanced ill patients
have 40% pain undertreated. OBJECTIVE: This study was to evaluate pain
in pediatric bone cancer patients and investigate if there was a
difference between those who survived and those at end-of-life.
PROCEDURE: Patients were registered at INCA Pediatric Department,
January 2011 – October 2016, with the diagnosis confirmed of primary
bone cancer and under 19 years old. Pain was evaluated and registered at
three moments during their treatment: at registration, three months
after and the last visit before the end of this study or patients death,
using pain scores. RESULTS: 157 patients were bone cancer, 15 (9.6%)
had lost the follow up; 142 were analyzed, osteosarcoma 69.7% and Ewing
sarcoma 30.3%, metastatic patients 50.7%. At the registration 53.5%
had pain, 69.71% were receiving pain treatment and 42.25% had pain
medications changed. Comparison of the three study moments was observed
a decrease of pain status, with the absence of excruciating pain, and an
increased use of opioids. There was no difference (p = 0.68) in pain
status between groups of who survived and who died (39.4%). CONCLUSION:
Pain management resulted in reduction of pain complaint and reduction in
pain intensity, together with increasing opioid use. End-of-life
patients did not have more pain than others, but disease progression was
associated to more pain.
Impact of Computer Integrated Technique in Science Education at Elementary Level: A Study in Karachi
Authors: Salman Ashiq  , Habib Zehra
Published: June 2021

Computer technology plays an active role in the development of the economic, educational, and social growth of a country. Following a sequential explanatory mixed methods research design, the primary purpose of the study was to comprehend the advantages of teaching science to grade 6 students via Computer Integrated Teaching (CIT) as compared to the lecture-based approach. This study also investigated if computer integrated teaching enhanced students learning and contributed to higher achievement scores. The research was conducted for 6 months, with a focus on grade 6 science instruction. The quantitative part of the study comprised experimental research with a sample size of 62 students. Experimental group students were exposed to a strong intervention program of CIT, whereas the control group was taught by traditional methods. The findings of the study show that the experimental group scored significantly higher marks in science theory and practical tests than the control group students. The qualitative findings of the study, based on focus group interviews, support the quantitative findings as students favored technology-based learning because of its vast potential.
The Perceptions and Practices of University Students and Teachers about Classroom Presentations
Authors: Kamal Uddin  , Sadruddin Bahadur Qutoshi  , Haji Karim Khan
Published: June 2021

Students’ classroom presentations as teaching and assessment techniques are widely in practice at universities all over the world. Previous studies indicate that university students are provided unsatisfactory time for presentations. It frustrates them especially when teachers use the presentation as an assessment tool. The present study aimed to explore the views of teachers and students’ perceptions behind their dissatisfaction with the uses of presentations by teachers as a teaching method as well as an assessment tool. In this qualitative study, researchers usedsemi-structured interviews from 14 M. Phil students and three of their teachers. Both teachers’ and students’ practices were also observed during sessions as scheduled for presentation activity. The observations were made towards the end semester from the qualitative thematic analysis. It was found that students’ and teachers’ expectations from each other regarding many aspects of the presentation did not match. Especially, students felt unhappy about the time duration allowed toprepare presentations. Feedback was also regarded as useless and of low quality. Presentations were more frequently used at the end of the semester rather than through the semester. Teachers need to share criteria based on the possible time for an average student to understand and present the assigned tasks in class.
Teacher Educators’ Attitude towards the Pedagogical use of ICTs: A Study from Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Sohail , Hina Hussain Kazmi
Published: June 2021

At present teacher education in Pakistan is in a transitional phase. The Government of Pakistan has developed ten professional standards for teachers’ recruitment and training (NPSTP, 2009). Two subjects ‘Computer literacy’ and ‘ICTs in Education’ have been introduced in the new curriculum to equip prospective teachers with Standard # 7 of NPSTP 2009 (i.e., ‘Effective Communication and Proficient Use of Information and Communication Technologies’) and to enhance contemporary technological skills required by a 21st-century educator. This quantitative descriptive study was aimed to investigate teacher educators’ attitudes towards the pedagogical use of ICTs in the teaching and learning process. For this quantitative study, five research questions, one descriptive and four inferential were formulated. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The sample of the study of 133 teacher educators’ was conveniently selected from different teacher training institutions of Karachi. The descriptive analysis of the attitude scale illustrates the moderate level of positive attitude towards the use of ICTs among teacher educators of Karachi TTIs. The analysis ofinferential questions (null hypotheses) illustrates that there is no significant difference in attitudes of teacher educators concerning gender, age, and experience, and this finding is aligned to recent studies conducted by Mustafina (2016) and Tweed (2013). Consequently, from the findings of this study, it may be concluded that demographical variables (i.e., gender, age, and experience) are not the determinants of teacher educators’ attitudes towards the use of ICTs. The findings of the study suggest that supportive conditions and hands-on training on the pedagogical use of ICTs should be conducted in TTIs.
Student Tobacco Use Behaviours: A Qualitative Study of Alternative Tobacco and Nicotine Product Use in Young Adulthood
Authors:   University of Latvia, Zobena Aija
Published: June 2021

Non-combustible alternative tobacco products such as tobacco-free nicotine pouches, heated tobacco, and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) marketed as less harmful alternatives to cigarettes as smoking cessation aids are becoming increasingly popular among adolescents and young adults. This age group includes individuals still experimenting with and establishing tobacco use. The aim of the study is to investigate student tobacco use behaviours, particularly novel devices, and alternative products to understand how to decrease tobacco initiation and use among adolescents and young adults. In August 2020, two focus group discussions were organized to obtain information on young people's experience of alternative tobacco and nicotine product use. In each of them, high school students (aged over 18) and students took part. The participants of the focus group discussion were chosen by the “snowball” method. Cessation of smoking and replacing cigarettes with alternative tobacco and nicotine products reduce some of the harmful effects but are not harmless and nicotine addiction remains. By replacing cigarette smoking with the use of tobacco-free nicotine pouches, heated tobacco, or e-cigarettes, one form of nicotine use is being replaced by another. According to the study, young people have no understanding of nicotine addiction and the health risks of using alternative tobacco products. Today's adolescents and young adults often see consumption of tobacco and nicotine products as a mean to construct and project their unique identity.
Figuratively Semantic Analysis of Works of Art
Authors:   Daugavpils University, Makarevičs Valerijs , Ilisko Dzintra ,   Daugavpils University
Published: June 2021

Topicality of the study is related to the in-depth study of the art of works of Van Gogh, Velázquez and Repin by relating art to the biography of these authors. The aim of the study is to explore the symbolism and the biography of the painters using the examples of analysis from the works of Van Gogh, Velasquez, and Repin and also to determine the conditions that contribute to the awareness of the process of perception and understanding of paintings. The methodology of this study is figuratively symbolic method used with the purpose to compare the plots of the art and to relate them to the life experience of their creators. Results obtained and the most important conclusions: This is important for the author of a painting to convey his/her thoughts and feelings to the viewer. Still, there remains a problem. The author uses the language of the image and symbol, which the viewer needs to reveal. Psychology of art offers two main options for solving this problem. The essence of the first option which is the ability of the painter to direct the viewer's sight. It is called the Dutch approach. The second approach to the analyses of art is called the Italian approach. In this case this is important to understand the symbolism and knowledge gained historically by relating one’s art works to the biography of the painter. The authors of this article focus on the second approach by illustrating it with examples of analysis from the works of Van Gogh, Velázquez, and Repin. The results of this study might be of interest for those who are interested in arts and psychology.
Development of Corporate Culture Based on Improving the Motivation System of the Bank's Staff
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Khon Alexandra , Sadvakassova Zukhra ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Magauova Akmaral ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Nazarova Malika ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: June 2021

The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that the transition to innovative personal management is currently a global trend to improve enterprise management processes in the context of deep integration of the world market, high-tech industries, increased competition and improved uncertainty of the external environment in relation to the enterprise, considering the motivational system. The purpose of the research is to study the role of motivation and corporate culture as the basis for innovative development and improving the productivity of an organization. The database was used by a banking organization; for instance, during the study the approaches of scientists were studied and diagnostic methods for studying the components of corporate culture were selected. Based on the results, a model of practical implementation was formulated, and a sociological experiment was conducted. On this ground using results of the experiment, statistical data on labour productivity were obtained and methodological recommendations were made for using the model proposed in the article. The results obtained are presented as a diagnostic tool and used to include the contact centre management in the work process.
Hydroxyapatite/nifuroxazide conjugate: Characterization, drug release and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Radovanovic Zeljko , Mihajlovski Katarina , Radovanovic Lidija , Janackovic Djordje , Petrovic Rada
Published: June 2021

Synthetic hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp) is very similar to the inorganic part of the bones and teeth of mammals. It is a well-known biomaterial with good biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and bioactivity. Nifuroxazide (C12H9N3O5, NFX) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug and poorly soluble in water. In order to increase the solubility of NFX, nano-sized HAp powder and raw NFX drug were mixed giving, as a result, a HAp/NFX conjugate. Characterization of the raw materials and the obtained conjugate confirmed the integration of NFX on the HAp surface. An in vitro study of drug release in simulated stomach acid and intestinal fluid showed a much faster release of NFX from HAp surface than those of the raw drug. The HAp/NFX conjugate showed excellent inhibitory effects against Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and yeast Candida albicans, proving the nano-sized HAp powder as a promising drug carrier.
Effectiveness of an anterior mini-screw in achieving incisor intrusion and palatal root torque for anterior retraction with clear aligners:
Authors: Liu Lu , Zhan Qi , Zhou Jing , Kuang Qianyun , Yan Xinyu , Zhang Xiaoqi , Shan Yue , Li Xiaolong , Lai Wenli , Long Hu
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To analyze the biomechanical system of anterior retraction with clear aligner therapy (CAT) with and without an anterior mini-screw and elastics.

Materials and Methods

Models including a maxillary dentition (without first premolars), maxilla, periodontal ligaments (PDLs), attachments, and aligners were constructed and imported to finite element software. Three model groups were created: (1) control (CAT alone), (2) labial elastics (CAT with elastics between the anterior mini-screw and buttons on central incisors), and (3) linguoincisal elastics (CAT with elastics between the anterior mini-screw and precision cuts on the lingual sides of the aligner). Elastic forces (0–300 g, in 50 g increments) were applied.

Results

CAT alone caused lingual tipping and extrusion of the incisors. Labial elastics caused palatal root torquing and intrusion and mesial tipping of the central incisors, while linguoincisal elastics produced palatal root torquing and intrusion of both central and lateral incisors. Second premolars were intruded in all three groups, with less intrusion in the linguoincisal elastics group. For the control group, stress was concentrated on both labial and lingual root surfaces, alveolar ridge, and cervical and apical PDLs. Stress was more concentrated in the labial elastics group and less concentrated in the linguoincisal elastics group.

Conclusions

CAT produced lingual tipping and extrusion of incisors during anterior retraction. Anterior mini-screws and elastics can achieve incisor intrusion and palatal root torquing. Linguoincisal elastics are superior to labial elastics with a lower likelihood of buccal open bite. Root resorption and alveolar defects may occur in CAT, more likely for labial elastics and less likely for linguoincisal elastics.
Çift Fazlı (α + M) Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demirlerde Martenzit Hacim Oranı-Mekanik Özellikler-Dislokasyon Yoğunluğu Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi
Authors: NALÇACI Burak , KILIÇLI Volkan , ERDOĞAN Mehmet
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmada, çift fazlı (α+M) küresel grafitli dökme demirlerde (ÇF-KGDD) martenzit hacim oranı-mekanik özellikler-dislokasyon yoğunluğu arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Farklı faz hacim oranlarında martenzit ve ötektoid öncesi ferritten oluşan çift fazlı mikroyapılar 770°C, 775°C ve 780°C ara kritik kısmi östenitleme sıcaklıklarından oda sıcaklığındaki suda soğutularak üretilmiştir. Mikroyapı karakterizasyon çalışmaları optik mikroskop, taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ve X-Işını kırınım (XRD) analizi teknikleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mekanik özelliklerin belirlenmesi için çekme ve sertlik testleri yapılmıştır. Dislokasyon yoğunluğu XRD desenlerinden faydalanılarak Williamson-Hall (W-H) eşitliği ile hesaplanmıştır. Artan arakritik östenitleme sıcaklığıyla martenzit hacim oranı ve dislokasyon yoğunluğunun arttığı belirlenmiştir. Martenzit hacim oranı arttıkça sertlik, akma ve çekme dayanımı arttığı, toplam % uzama azaldığı ve kırılma modunun sünekten-gevreğe geçtiği gözlemlenmiştir.