bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Serum Albumin Levels on Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Treated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Murat Sani Namik , Kurtul Alparslan , Yarlioglues Mikail
Published: September 2014

Patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at high risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), a complication associated with poor clinical outcomes. Serum albumin (SA) levels are associated with cardiovascular mortality. We assessed the association between SA levels and the risk of CI-AKI in patients with ACS (n = 890) treated with PCI. Patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with and without CI-AKI. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury was defined as an increase in serum creatinine (≥25% or ≥0.5 mg/dL) from baseline occurring 72 hours after PCI. The SA levels were significantly lower in patients with CI-AKI than in those without CI-AKI (3.52 ± 0.40 vs 3.94 ± 0.39 mg/dL, P < .001). On multivariate analysis, SA was an independent predictor of CI-AKI (odds ratio 0.177, 95% confidence interval 0.080-0.392, P < .001) together with age, female gender, creatine kinase-myocardial band, and glomerular filtration rate. Baseline SA levels are inversely associated with CI-AKI after PCI for ACS.
Prison-Based Rehabilitation
Authors: Bosma Anouk , Kunst Maarten , Reef Joni , Dirkzwager Anja , Nieuwbeerta Paul
Published: September 2014

The purpose of the current study was to examine to what extent risk factors and treatment readiness were related to engagement (i.e., participation and completion) in prison-based rehabilitation programs. The sample consisted of the total 6-month inflow of male detainees in the Netherlands who were assigned a candidate for a prison-based rehabilitation program ( N = 638). Logistic regression models showed that treatment readiness partially explained treatment program completion. Offenders who were ready for treatment were more than two times as likely to complete treatment programs, compared with offenders who were not. Risk factors (such as drug or alcohol misuse) did, with a few exceptions, not correlate with treatment participation or treatment completion. Outcomes pointed to the importance of treatment readiness and showed the significance of enhancing treatment readiness among offenders who are eligible for correctional treatment programs. Results were discussed in light of study limitations and suggestions for future research.
Reconsidering the Impact of Informational Provision on Opinions of Suspended Sentences in the Netherlands
Authors: de Koster Willem , Achterberg Peter , Ivanova Natalia
Published: September 2014

A recent study scrutinized the effects of providing people with information about suspended sentences on their opinions of these sentences, and concluded that the impact is modest or even absent. Re-analyzing the original data, we demonstrate that this conclusion greatly underestimates the relevance of informational provision. Recognizing that information is framed differently by people with different cultural predispositions, we show that the effects of informational provision are much stronger among groups with specific penal attitudes than analyses of mere “direct” effects suggest. Even more importantly, the direction of these effects also depends on people’s penal attitudes; among specific groups, more information leads to less, instead of more, favorable opinions on suspended sentences.
Aspen shaving versus chip bedding: effects on breeding and behavior
Authors: Jackson E , Demarest K , Eckert W J , Cates-Gatto C , Nadav T , Cates L N , Howard H , Roberts A J
Published: September 2014

The choice of laboratory cage bedding material is often based on both practical and husbandry issues, whereas behavioral outcomes rarely appear to be considered. It has been noted that a breeding success difference appears to be associated with the differential use of aspen chip and aspen shaving bedding in our facility; therefore, we sought to analyze breeding records maintained over a 20-month period. In fact, in all four mouse strains analyzed, shaving bedding was associated with a significant increase in average weanlings per litter relative to chip bedding. To determine whether these bedding types also resulted in differences in behaviors associated with wellbeing, we examined nest building, anxiety-like, depressive-like (or helpless-like), and social behavior in mice housed on chip versus shaving bedding. We found differences in the nests built, but no overall effect of bedding type on the other behaviors examined. Therefore, we argue that breeding success, perhaps especially in more challenging strains, is improved on shaving bedding and this is likely due to improved nest-building potential. For standard laboratory practices, however, these bedding types appear equivalent.
Signs of ‘Emerging’ Cultural Capital? Analysing Symbolic Struggles Using Class Specific Analysis
Authors: Roose Henk
Published: September 2014

The central focus of this article is to analyse empirically whether and how the monopoly and legitimacy of highbrow arts as a status marker varies across age groups. Drawing on unique Flemish survey data ( n = 2846) that include information on what cultural objects are consumed as well as on how these are appropriated, I construct a two-dimensional social space that relates cultural practices to positions in the social hierarchy through Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Using Class Specific Analysis, I look into the structuring principles within two age clusters (−25 and 55+) and try to determine the ways in which the distinguishing status and legitimacy of highbrow arts varies among different groups – thus challenging the assumption that cultural classifications are equally salient to every social group.
The Blame Game: Economic Crisis Responsibility, Discourse and Affective Framings
Authors: von Scheve Christian , Zink Veronika , Ismer Sven
Published: September 2014

Key elements of discourse on the recent economic crisis are attributions of crisis responsibility. Such attributions are assumed to have consequences for audiences’ thoughts and actions in domains relevant to the crisis. Although studies have suggested ways to conceptualize attributions of responsibility, their effects on social action remain poorly understood. This essay develops an empirically grounded theoretical model and methodological tool to reconstruct ideal-typical attributions of responsibility from discourse along the dimensions of attribution targets and attributed logics of action. It further proposes that combinations of these ideal types constitute affective framings that influence how the crisis is perceived and how an audience may act in crisis relevant domains.
Female Cannabis Users and New Masculinities: The Gendering of Cannabis Use
Authors: Dahl Silje Louise , Sandberg Sveinung
Published: September 2014

Cannabis is sometimes associated with feminine or gender neutral values. Still, most cannabis users are male, and in our data cannabis use is associated with masculinity. In qualitative interviews with 19 female users and a larger sample of male users in Norway, four aspects of cannabis using practices were described as feminine: not providing cannabis, being less involved in cannabis user networks, not handling the drug effects and being concerned about control. Some women challenged gendered expectations and presented themselves as alternative, tough and rebellious through cannabis use. We explore how women navigate through a gendered drug culture, and study how femininities and masculinities are enacted, challenged and recast in a Scandinavian context characterized by gender equality and an anti-drugs culture. We argue that a new egalitarian form of masculinity is getting increasingly important. Still, female users often end up enacting traditional femininities when using cannabis.
Procedural Justice, Anger, and Prisoners’ Misconduct
Authors: Beijersbergen Karin A. , Dirkzwager Anja J. E. , Eichelsheim Veroni I. , Van der Laan Peter H. , Nieuwbeerta Paul
Published: September 2014

Procedural justice literature suggests that when criminal justice authorities treat people with fairness and respect, people will be more likely to comply with authority’s decisions and rules. Up until now, prior research has largely neglected the correctional context and often used cross-sectional designs. The aims of this study were to examine (a) the longitudinal relationship between prisoners’ procedural justice perceptions and their misconduct, and (b) the mediating role of anger in this relationship. Using two waves of survey data (T1 and T2) and disciplinary reports from a sample of 806 Dutch prisoners, structural equation models were employed to investigate associations. The results show that prisoners who felt treated in a procedurally just manner in the correctional facility at T1 were less likely to report engaging in misconduct at T2. They were also less likely to have received a disciplinary report at T2. Anger fully mediated the effect of procedural justice on prisoners’ misconduct.
The Ups and Downs of an Uncomfortable Legacy
Authors: Burgos Raúl
Published: September 2014

The ideas originating in Antonio Gramsci’s politico-theoretical work, in a multifaceted itinerary departing from a purely ethical matrix, have developed in Latin America into a sophisticated theoretical formulation focused on the theory of hegemony. The emergence of this formulation marks the beginning of a complex process of reformulation of the classic paradigms of the left, producing a drastic change in thinking about the logic of social transformation in Latin America. With this shift the issues of strategic design and the transformational process began to undergo thorough debate. The theoretical tasks presented by the current development of Gramscian thought toward the construction of a comprehensive theory of hegemony include the classical political and cultural dimension and the productive dimension of hegemonic actions.

Las ideas oriundas en la elaboración teórico-política de Antonio Gramsci, en un itinerario multifacético a partir de una matriz puramente ética, desenvuelven su contenido hasta ser expuestas en la forma de una formulación teórica sofisticada centrada en la teoría de la hegemonía. La emergencia de este momento marca el inicio de un complejo proceso de reelaboración de los paradigmas clásicos de la izquierda, constituyendo un cambio severo en el modo de pensar la lógica de la transformación social en América Latina. En este viraje las cuestiones del diseño estratégico y del sujeto del proceso transformador serán puestos en discusión radical. Las tareas teóricas planteadas por el desarrollo actual del pensamiento gramsciano hacia la construcción de una teoría integral incluyen las clásicas dimensiones política y cultural y la dimensión productiva de acciones hegemónicas.
When Are Emotions Related to Group-Based Appraisals? A Comparison Between Group-Based Emotions and General Group Emotions
Authors: Kuppens Toon , Yzerbyt Vincent Y.
Published: September 2014

In the literature on emotions in intergroup relations, it is not always clear how exactly emotions are group-related. Here, we distinguish between emotions that involve appraisals of immediate group concerns (i.e., group-based emotions) and emotions that do not. Recently, general group emotions, measured by asking people how they feel “as a group member” but without specifying an object for these emotions, have been conceptualized as reflecting appraisals of group concerns. In contrast, we propose that general group emotions are best seen as emotions about belonging to a group. In two studies, general group emotions were closely related to emotions that are explicitly measured as belonging emotions. Two further studies showed that general group emotions were not related to appraisals of immediate group concerns, whereas group-based emotions were. We argue for more specificity regarding the group-level aspects of emotion that are tapped by emotion measures.
Home Nasogastric Feeds
Authors: Rosen Danya , Schneider Rachael , Bao Ruijun , Burke Patrice , Ceballos Clare , Hoffstadter‐Thal Kathy , Benkov Keith
Published: September 2014

Background: Home enteral nutrition (HEN) is a safe method for providing nutrition to children with chronic diseases. Advantages of HEN include shorter hospitalizations, lower cost, and decreased risk of malnutrition‐associated complications. Follow‐up after hospital discharge on HEN is limited. The purpose of this study was to look at children discharged on nasogastric (NG) feeds to assess follow‐up feeding status and impact on growth. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of pediatric patients discharged from Mount Sinai Medical Center on NG feeds between January 2010 and March 2013. Results: A total of 87 patients were included. Average age was 1.2 years. The most common diagnoses were congenital heart disease (47%), metabolic disease (17%), neurologic impairment (10%), liver disease (9%), prematurity (8%), and inflammatory bowel disease (6%). At most recent follow‐up, 44 (50.6%) were on full oral feeds, 8 (9.2%) were still on NG feeds, 9 (10.3%) had a gastrostomy tube placed, 9 (10.3%) were deceased, and 17 (19.5%) had transferred care or were lost to follow‐up. Average time to discontinuation of NG feeds was 4.8 months. Change in body mass index from hospital discharge to follow‐up visit 6 to 12 weeks after discharge was statistically significant, from a mean (SD) of 13.78 (2.82) to 14.58 (2.1) (P = .02). Change in weight z score was significant for neurologic impairment (−1.35 to −0.04; P = .03). Height z score change was significant for prematurity (−3.84 to −3.34; P = .02). There was no significant change in height or weight z scores for the other diagnoses. Conclusions: NG feeds can help to improve short‐term growth after hospital discharge in children with chronic illnesses.
Oil, urbanization, and ‘pacted’ ethnic politics: Indigenous movements in Latin America
Authors: Wei Chi-hung
Published: September 2014

According to resource curse theory, oil may cause ethnic rebellions. However, this article proposes a conditional explanation for the oil-causes-rebellions curse by examining indigenous movements in oil-producing countries in Latin America. I argue that oil price drops and oil-caused land conflicts increase the likelihood of rebellions if indigenous peoples remain under-urbanized, as evidenced by the 1994 Zapatista rebellion in Mexico. Conversely, indigenous peoples are likely to pursue an ethnic politics that is ‘pacted’ if oil-led economic activities have urbanized them. In Venezuela and Ecuador, oil has created an urban-indigenous class. When Venezuela and Ecuador introduced neoliberal reforms to deal with their economic crises caused by oil price drops, indigenous peoples made efforts to codify indigenous rights in the constitution as a pact. I conclude that this conditional explanation fits Latin America due to two regional factors: ethno-corporatist legacies and diffusion effects.
Subtotal Resection for Management of Large Jugular Paragangliomas with Functional Lower Cranial Nerves
Authors: Wanna George B. , Sweeney Alex D. , Carlson Matthew L. , Latuska Richard F. , Rivas Alejandro , Bennett Marc L. , Netterville James L. , Haynes David S.
Published: September 2014

Objectives

To evaluate tumor control following subtotal resection of advanced jugular paragangliomas in patients with functional lower cranial nerves and to investigate the utility of salvage radiotherapy for residual progressive disease.

Study Design

Case series with planned chart review.

Setting

Tertiary academic referral center.

Subjects and Methods

Patients who presented with advanced jugular paragangliomas and functional lower cranial nerves were analyzed. Primary outcome measures included extent of resection, long‐term tumor control, need for additional treatment, and postoperative lower cranial nerve function.

Results

Twelve patients (mean age, 46.2 years; 7 women, 58.3%) who met inclusion criteria were evaluated between 1999 and 2013. The mean postoperative residual tumor volume was 27.7% (range, 3.5%‐75.0%) of the preoperative volume. When the residual tumor volume was less than 20% of the preoperative volume, no tumor growth occurred over an average of 44.6 months of follow‐up (P <. 01). Four tumors (33.3%) demonstrated serial growth at a mean of 23.5 months following resection, 2 of which were treated with salvage stereotactic radiotherapy providing control through the last recorded follow‐up. No patient experienced permanent postoperative lower cranial neuropathy as a result of surgery.

Conclusion

Subtotal resection of jugular paragangliomas with preservation of the lower cranial nerves is a viable management strategy. If more than 80% of the preoperative tumor volume is resected, the residual tumor seems less likely to grow.
Breast Mondor’s disease: Diagnosis and management of six new cases of this underestimated pathology
Authors: Pasta Vittorio , D’Orazi Valerio , Sottile Daniela , Del Vecchio Luca , Panunzi Andrea , Urciuoli Paolo
Published: September 2014

Mondor’s disease is an unusual and little-known pathology of the breast, characterized by superficial thrombophlebitis. The causes are still unresolved. Most of the patients do not fall under case studies of the scientific literature, given the reported incidence rate between 0.5% and 0.8%. The Mondor’s disease patients are not always properly identified, and they are frequently treated as outpatients, even considering the benign course of the disease which often spontaneously resolves without any medical therapy. We report here six new cases of Mondor’s disease, two of them were likely due to a trauma and were easily resolved with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; the third one was apparently due to the stretching of the mammary veins in a patient with gigantomastia; the fourth one was subsequent to hormonal stimulation for in vivo fertilization and following gestation; and the last two cases (one was a man) were diagnosed after undergoing surgery for breast carcinoma.
Normalization of T2 relaxation time and apparent diffusion coefficient in relation to the inflammatory changes in the substantia nigra of rats with focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Yang Yan Mei , Li Chan Chan , Yin Le Kang , Feng XiaoYuan
Published: September 2014

Background

Focal cerebral ischemia results in delayed neurodegeneration in remote brain regions, such as the substantia nigra. To date, a reasonable explanation is still lacking regarding the correlation of magnetic resonance (MR) signal pseudo-normalization following a transient abnormal change and subsequent progressive pathological damage.

Purpose

To characterize the substantia nigra following middle cerebral artery occlusion and to evaluate the potential pathophysiological changes associated with the pseudo-normalization of MR signals in the substantia nigra at the subacute stage after stroke onset.

Material and Methods

Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. During the occlusion of single middle cerebral artery, computed tomography (CT) perfusion was acquired to observe the blood flow perfusion in the primary ischemic striatum and ipsilateral substantia nigra. Next, the MR T2 relaxation time and apparent diffusion coefficient changes within the substantia nigra were determined on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after stroke onset, and compared with immunohistochemistry for microglia activation and astrogliosis.

Results

Twenty-four rats with strong hypoperfusion in the primary ischemic territory and no alterations of the perfusion in the ipsilateral substantia nigra detected both visually and measurably during the middle cerebral artery occlusion were further studied. All animals showed MR pseudo-normalization with T2 relaxation time and apparent diffusion coefficient recovered in the ipsilateral substantia nigra at the subacute phase following focal cerebral ischemia. Normalization of the MR signals corresponded well with the spatio-temporal occurrence of microglia activation and astrogliosis.

Conclusion

The pseudo-normalization of T2 relaxation time and apparent diffusion coefficient reflects the neuroinflammatory changes that accompany activation of microglia and astrocytes in the ipsilateral substantia nigra following middle cerebral artery occlusion.
Evaluation of cholesteatoma: our experience with DW Propeller imaging
Authors: Karandikar Amit , Loke Siu Cheng , Goh Julian , Yeo Seng Beng , Tan Tiong Yong
Published: September 2014

Background

Cholesteatoma management includes early detection and surgical exploration. Due to its tendency to recur, it can be potentially locally aggressive. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and in particular diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), plays an important role in management of these lesions.

Purpose

To assess the accuracy of Propeller (Periodically Rotated Overlapping ParallEL Lines with Enhanced Reconstruction) DW sequence in detecting middle ear and mastoid cholesteatomas in non-operated ears by surgical correlation.

Material and Methods

A retrospective review of 15 patients was done who underwent Propeller DWI with either clinically confirmed or suspected cholesteatomas. Surgical correlation was done in all cases.

Results

All patients had hyperintense foci on Propeller DWI. Surgical correlation performed revealed that 13 patients had cholesteatomas while two patients had mastoid abscesses. The location, extent, and size of cholesteatomas on Propeller DWI matched with the operative findings. Of the 13 patients with cholesteatomas, three patients had multiple foci of hyperintensity on Propeller DWI, which corroborated with the surgical finding of multiple cholesteatomas. The average apparent diffusion coefficient value of cholesteatoma was 0.868 × 10−3 mm2/s, found to be higher than that of abscess, which was 0.425 × 10−3 mm2/s.

Conclusion

Propeller DWI was accurate in assessing the location, extent, and size of cholesteatomas as corroborated with surgical findings. Propeller DWI is useful in detecting number of cholesteatoma foci, a vital finding as it may impact the choice of surgery.
An analysis of initial and follow-up CT findings in intramural hematoma, aortic double-lumen dissection, and mixed type lesions
Authors: Ibukuro Kenji , Takeguchi Takaya , Fukuda Hozumi , Mori Masaya , Abe Shoko , Tobe Kimiko
Published: September 2014

Background

Although the clinical presentation of intramural hematoma (IMH) and aortic double-lumen dissection (AD) is similar, the imaging results and subsequent clinical course of the two lesions differ.

Purpose

To compare the clinical and radiological findings of IMH, AD, and mixed type lesions.

Material and Methods

Forty-two patients with IMH, 38 with AD, and 10 with mixed type lesions were imaged with post-contrast-enhanced CT. The most proximal ulcer-like lesions and entry tears and the distal ends of the IMH and AD were evaluated. The interval change of the intramural hematoma, ulcer-like lesion, and false lumen was observed. The pathological findings of the aorta were evaluated in 15 patients.

Results

The most proximal ulcer-like lesion and entry tear were located in the arch to the descending aorta in 27 (64.2%) of the 42 patients with IMH and in 24 (63.1%) of the 38 patients with AD. The distal extension was located at the iliac arteries in six (14.3%) patients with IMH and in 31 (81.6%) patients with AD ( P < 0.001). The intramural hematomas regressed in 29 (93.5%) of 31 patients, and the ulcer-like lesion progressed in 14 (70%) of 20 patients with IMH. The clinical features of the mixed type lesions resembled those of AD, rather than IMH. The intramural hematoma or dissection was observed within the outer media in all lesion types on histopathology.

Conclusion

There is a distinct difference between IMH and AD in distal extension; however, the locations of the lesions are pathologically the same in the media of the aorta.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Anterior Ankle Impingement
Authors: Walsh Stewart J. , Twaddle Bruce C. , Rosenfeldt Michael P. , Boyle Matthew J.
Published: September 2014

Background:

Midterm outcomes after arthroscopic debridement in patients with anterior ankle impingement without osteoarthritis are currently unclear.

Purpose:

To assess the functional and radiological outcomes after arthroscopic treatment of anterior ankle impingement with a minimum 5-year follow-up in patients without osteoarthritis.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

From September 1999 to March 2006, a consecutive series of eligible patients without ankle osteoarthritis and with anterior ankle impingement, who had persistent ankle pain and activity restrictions despite at least 6 months of nonoperative management, underwent standardized arthroscopic debridement and followed uniform postoperative management. Patients were assessed preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months and then at 1-year intervals after surgery until a minimum of 5 years’ follow-up had been achieved, with weightbearing ankle dorsiflexion, Foot Functional Index (FFI), and plain radiography including Scranton and McDermott classification (SMC) grade and tibial osteophyte size.

Results:

A total of 46 patients (42 male, 4 female) were prospectively assessed, with a mean age at surgery of 29 years (range, 16-44 years) and a mean follow-up duration of 5.1 years (range, 5.0-7.5 years). Preoperative ankle radiographs demonstrated a median SMC grade of 2 and a mean tibial osteophyte size of 5.1 mm. At a minimum of 5 years postoperatively, patients demonstrated limited improvement in ankle dorsiflexion (mean, 24.7° [preoperatively] vs 27.0° [final follow-up]; P = .049); however, they demonstrated substantial improvement in the FFI (mean, 20.5 [preoperatively] vs 2.7 [final follow-up]; P < .001). Postoperatively, 84% of patients showed a recurrence of radiological osteophytes, with plain radiographs at final follow-up demonstrating no significant difference in the SMC grade ( P = .107) or tibial osteophyte size ( P = .212) compared with preoperative imaging. There was no significant effect of patient age, sex, body mass index, or SMC grade at the time of surgery on any of the postoperative outcome measures.

Conclusion:

In this prospective outcome study of 46 patients without osteoarthritis managed arthroscopically for anterior ankle impingement, the functional outcome scores had significantly improved at 5 years postoperatively despite a recurrence of radiographic osteophytes.
Functional and Imaging Outcomes of Arthroscopic Simultaneous Rotator Cuff Repair and Bankart Repair After Shoulder Dislocations
Authors: Shields Edward , Mirabelli Mark , Amsdell Simon , Thorsness Robert , Goldblatt John , Maloney Michael , Voloshin Ilya
Published: September 2014

Background:

Previous studies have investigated outcomes of simultaneous rotator cuff (RC) repair and superior labral injury repair; however, there is limited information in the literature on outcomes of simultaneous RC repair and Bankart lesion repair after acute shoulder dislocations.

Purpose:

To determine functional and imaging outcomes of simultaneous arthroscopic RC repair and Bankart repair after acute shoulder dislocations and to compare functional outcomes to contralateral, asymptomatic shoulders.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic simultaneous RC repair and Bankart repair with a minimum of 2 years’ follow-up were recruited. All patients had suffered an acute shoulder dislocation. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Constant-Murley, and Short Form (SF)–36 scores were obtained. The affected shoulder also underwent ultrasound imaging to assess the integrity of the RC.

Results:

Thirteen patients (mean age, 58.8 ± 11.2 years; mean follow-up, 38.5 ± 12.3 months) were recruited. In a comparison of the affected versus unaffected shoulder, there were no significant differences in the mean ASES score (89.7 ± 12.6 vs 95.0 ± 6.7, respectively), mean Constant score (80.5 ± 18.9 vs 86.8 ± 7.9, respectively), or mean abduction strength (15.4 ± 6.4 lb vs 15.4 ± 5.2 lb, respectively) ( P > .05). The mean SF-36 physical component summary was 48.4. According to ultrasound imaging, there were persistent/recurrent full-thickness tears in 4 patients, and 1 patient had a new full-thickness tear. At follow-up, patients with full-thickness RC tears in the affected shoulder compared with their unaffected shoulder showed similar mean ASES scores (90.9 ± 11.8 vs 97.6 ± 4.3, respectively), mean Constant scores (77.8 ± 20.3 vs 84.8 ± 7.2, respectively), and mean abduction strength (11.5 ± 5.3 lb vs 12.6 ± 4.5 lb, respectively) ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

After simultaneous arthroscopic repair of the RC and a Bankart lesion in patients after shoulder dislocations, the affected extremity had similar functional outcomes compared to the noninjured, asymptomatic side at a mean of 3 years after surgery. Persistent or recurrent RC tears involving the operative extremity were common, but they did not significantly affect functional outcomes in this small study.
The Effects of Vibration on the Gait Pattern and Vibration Perception Threshold of Children With Idiopathic Toe Walking
Authors: Fanchiang Hsinchen Daniel , Geil Mark , Wu Jianhua , Chen Yu-ping , Wang Yong Tai
Published: September 2014

The effectiveness of idiopathic toe walking treatments is not conclusive. The study investigated the use of vibration as a therapeutic/treatment method for children with idiopathic toe walking. Fifteen children with idiopathic toe walking and 15 typically developing children, aged 4 to 10 years, completed the study. The study included a barefoot gait examination and a vibration perception threshold test before and after standing on a whole body vibration machine for 60 seconds. Temporal-spatial parameters were recorded along with HR32, a calculation designed to distinguish on aspects of the toe-walking pattern. No significant gait pattern differences were found between children with idiopathic toe walking and typically developing children after one bout of vibration intervention. HR32 was found to be a means to identify the toe-walking pattern ( P < .001). Hypersensitivity to vibration of children with idiopathic toe walking was not found in the current study ( P = .921).
The Individual Woman Microenterprise Owner
Authors: Muhammad Amanda J.
Published: September 2014

Black Barbadian women traditionally used micro-enterprises (MEs) to combat social and economic injustices yet little is known about their perspectives. Utilizing two frameworks, Brush's (1992) integrated perspective and Collins’ (2000) Black feminist thought, this research examines apparel retailing ME owners’ views of roles, motivations, decisions, and successes. Using both frameworks (Brush, 1992; Collins, 2000) revealed important insights. Participants viewed MEs as means for survival, cultural enhancement, and opportunities for future generations. Roles were linked to cultivating relationships and producing products for the community. Motivations included reaction to the environment and needs for freedom. Personal preference guided decision-making, while definitions of success included personal fulfillment and acceptance. The combined perspectives for understanding these themes required placing them into the context of the participants' lives and helped to unveil MEs additional purpose, which was to provide black women with the opportunity to counter the oppression that surrounded their personal and professional lives.
Strategies for Obtaining Access to Secretive or Guarded Organizations
Authors: Monahan Torin , Fisher Jill A.
Published: September 2014

Establishing contacts and gaining permission to conduct ethnographic or qualitative research can be time-consuming and stressful processes. Gaining access can be especially challenging when representatives of prospective research sites see their work as being sensitive and would prefer to avoid outside scrutiny altogether. One result of this dynamic is that many organizations that exert a profound influence in governing populations and regulating individuals’ access to basic needs are relatively invisible to the public and shielded from meaningful public accountability. Therefore, it is vital to effectively study secretive or guarded organizations and fill out the empirical record, which in turn could create the conditions for greater public awareness and debate. To that end, this paper draws on our collective research experience and the scholarship of others to present nine strategies that we have found to be especially effective for securing access to secretive organizations.
Impact of Protective Factors on Resilience of Grandparent Carers Fostering Orphans and Non-Orphans in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mhaka-Mutepfa Magen , Mpofu Elias , Cumming Robert
Published: September 2014

Objective: This study sought to explore the impact of protective factors, health, and well-being on resilience of grandparents fostering orphans. Method: Data were collected from grandparents ( N = 327; M age = 62.4; SD = 11.2) in Zimbabwe using a survey instrument comprising the Resilience Scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). Data were analyzed using hierarchical regression, predicting resilience from demographics, personal and social assets, health, and well-being. Results: Protective factors associated with resilience were personal assets (high self-esteem, problem-solving skills, and mastery) and social assets (social networks and spirituality). Grandparents with higher coping skills, younger age, and high socioeconomic status (SES) had superior personal competences for resilience than peers with lower self-rated personal attributes. Grandparents with good physical and mental health had higher resilience profiles. Discussion: Positive emotions and good health experienced by resilient grandparent carers function as protective factors to reduce the magnitude of adversity to individuals and assist them to cope well with caregiving.
Are There Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Time to Pressure Ulcer Development and Pressure Ulcer Treatment in Older Adults After Nursing Home Admission?
Authors: Bliss Donna Z. , Gurvich Olga , Savik Kay , Eberly Lynn E. , Harms Susan , Mueller Christine , Wyman Jean F. , Garrard Judith , Virnig Beth
Published: September 2014

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess whether there are racial and ethnic disparities in the time to development of a pressure ulcer and number of pressure ulcer treatments in individuals aged 65 and older after nursing home admission. Method: Multi-level predictors of time to a pressure ulcer from three national surveys were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression for White Non-Hispanic residents. Using the Peters–Belson method to assess for disparities, estimates from the regression models were applied to American Indians/Alaskan Natives, Asians/Pacific Islanders, Blacks, and Hispanics separately resulting in estimates of expected outcomes as if they were White Non-Hispanic, and were then compared with their observed outcomes. Results: More Blacks developed pressure ulcers sooner than expected. No disparities in time to a pressure ulcer disadvantaging other racial/ethnic groups were found. There were no disparities in pressure ulcer treatment for any group. Discussion: Reducing disparities in pressure ulcer development offers a strategy to improve the quality of nursing home care.
Humification in northeast Australia: Dating millennial and centennial scale climate variability in the late Holocene
Authors: Burrows Mark A , Fenner Jack , Haberle Simon G
Published: September 2014

The identification of wetter and drier phases from the last deglaciation to the Late Holocene has been a valuable outcome of palaeoenvironmental (chiefly palynological) studies of northeastern Australia conducted over the past 40 years. Few studies have, however, focussed on the identification of wetter and drier phases in the wet tropics, and none have set their focus on the last 4000 years, a period when northeastern Australia is generally accepted to have experienced increased El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activity. The present study provides this palaeoclimatic information using the degree of peat humification as the main palaeoclimatic proxy. To identify regional climatic signals in the peat record and differentiate these from local signals induced by particular basin hydrology or ecology, sedimentary sequences from two geographically separated swamps on the Atherton Tableland in north Queensland are examined. Wet and dry shifts are detected in the humification records for Bromfield Swamp (core BSAT03) and Mount Quincan crater swamp (Q2). Seventeen wet shifts are detected in both records with 12 shifts showing good cross-correlation at the following dates (with 2σ range): 3990/3960 (4090–3850), 3480/3550 (3640–3420), 2950/2990 (3080–2790), 2860/2880 (2980–2700), 2560/2610 (2730–2450), 1880/1820 (2100–1740), 1430/1410 (1660–1320), 1170/1080 (1390–1020), 990/1010 (1100–790), 610/640 (710–490), 290/300 (330–180) and 120/150 (190–40) cal. yr BP. A particular dry phase, initiated by dry shifts at 4090 cal. yr BP (Bromfield Swamp) and 4330 cal. yr BP (Mount Quincan), reaches its greatest strength at 4050 cal. yr BP.
Could pulmonary arterial hypertension be an active index of systemic lupus erythematosus? A successful case of SLE-PAH cured by methylprednisolone pulse therapy
Authors: Huang C , Zhang S , Tian Z , Li M , Zeng X
Published: September 2014

A 35-year-old female patient was diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by right heart catheterization (RHC) in the 3rd month of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) duration with high disease activity. Through methylprednisolone pulse therapy, she got total recovery from PAH proven by repeat catheterization and follow-ups. This is the first simultaneously diagnosed, totally recovered, gold standard-proved SLE-PAH case ever reported in the literature. We would like to share this successful case, and at the same time, we want to highlight the relationship between presentation of PAH and active disease manifestations of SLE patients, and to discuss how immune suppressive treatment could benefit this subset of patients.
Vascular hamartoma in the central nervous system of a foal
Authors: Borel Nicole , Grest Paula , Junge Hannah , Wehrli Eser Meret
Published: September 2014

Vascular hamartomas are non-neoplastic developmental anomalies of vessels. Cases of cerebral vascular hamartomas have been previously reported in dogs and cats. A 4-week-old Freiberger foal had shown persistent problems with breathing and swallowing since birth, and bilateral laryngeal paralysis was diagnosed. The foal subsequently developed left sided facial nerve paralysis and a secondary corneal ulcer in the left eye. Necropsy revealed a pinkish mass in the obex region of the brain. The mass was further investigated by histology and immunohistochemistry. Histologically, the mass consisted of many thin-walled, blood-filled vascular structures of variable diameter involving the white matter of the obex. The lining cells were immunohistochemically positive for factor VIII (von Willebrand factor) interpreted as endothelial cells. The endothelial lining showed also variable immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin and vimentin. Normal neural parenchyma labeled with antibodies directed against glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron-specific enolase was present between the vascular proliferations. A diagnosis of focal vascular hamartoma in the obex was made. The development of clinical signs is attributed to the compression of the surrounding neural parenchyma.
Moraxella spp. isolated from field outbreaks of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: a retrospective study of case submissions from 2010 to 2013
Authors: Loy John Dustin , Brodersen Bruce W.
Published: September 2014

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), also known as pinkeye, is the most costly eye disease of cattle. The principal etiologic agent of IBK is the Gram-negative bacterium Moraxella bovis. However, there have been reports of IBK outbreaks associated with Moraxella bovoculi. A retrospective study of IBK diagnostic cases submitted from July 1, 2010 through October 31, 2013 was conducted. Included in the study were 1,042 Moraxella isolates from 1,538 swabs of lacrimal secretions collected from 282 herds from 30 U.S. states. Moraxella isolates were identified to the species level and were composed of M. bovoculi (701 isolates), M. bovis (295 isolates), Moraxella ovis (5 isolates), and other Moraxella spp. (41). Minimum inhibitory concentrations required for 90% growth inhibition (MIC90) was calculated for representative isolates. The MIC90 values for both M. bovis and M. bovoculi were as follows: ampicillin and ceftiofur: ≤0.25 µg/ml; clindamycin: 2 µg/ml; danofloxacin and enrofloxacin: ≤0.12 µg/ml; florfenicol: 0.5 µg/ml; gentamicin: 1 µg/ml; neomycin: 4 µg/ml; tulathromycin: 2 µg/ml; and tylosin: 8 µg/ml. The MIC90 values for M. bovoculi included the following: chlortetracycline: ≤0.5 µg/ml; oxytetracycline: 4 µg/ml; penicillin: 0.25 µg/ml; spectinomycin: 32 µg/ml; sulfadimethoxine: >256 µg/ml; tiamulin: 1 µg/ml; and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole: 4 µg/ml. For M. bovis, MIC90 values included the following: chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline: 1 µg/ml; penicillin: ≤0.12 µg/ml; spectinomycin: 16 µg/ml; sulfadimethoxine: ≤256 µg/ml; tiamulin: ≤0.5 µg/ml; and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole: ≤2 µg/ml. The current work describes the frequency of isolation and differences in antimicrobial sensitivity observed among Moraxella isolates from case submissions.
Divided Loyalists or Conditional Cooperators? Creating Consensus About Cooperation in Multiple Simultaneous Social Dilemmas
Authors: McCarter Matthew W. , Samek Anya , Sheremeta Roman M.
Published: September 2014

The current social dilemma literature lacks theoretical consensus regarding how individuals behave when facing multiple simultaneous social dilemmas. The divided-loyalty hypothesis, from organizational theory, predicts that cooperation will decline as individuals experience multiple social dilemmas with different compared to the same group members. The conditional-cooperation hypothesis, from behavioral economics, predicts that cooperation will increase as individuals experience multiple social dilemmas with different compared to the same group members. We employ a laboratory experiment to create consensus between these literatures and find support for the conditional-cooperation hypothesis. The positive effect of interacting with different group members comes from participants having an opportunity to shift their cooperative behavior from the less cooperative to the more cooperative group.
Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of MicroRNAs for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Calway Tyler , Kim Gene H.
Published: September 2014

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of death in humans and are responsible for billions of dollars in health care expenditures. As the molecular basis of cardiac diseases continues to be explored, there remains the hope for identification of more effective therapeutics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized as important regulators of numerous biological pathways and stress responses, including those found in cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNA signatures of cardiovascular diseases can provide targets for miRNA adjustment and offer the possibility of changing gene and protein expression to treat certain pathologies. These adjustments can be conferred using advances in oligonucleotide delivery methods, which can target single miRNAs, families of miRNAs, and certain tissue types. In this review, we will discuss the use of miRNAs in vivo and recent advances in their use for cardiovascular disease in mammalian models.
Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Risk Factors Among Latinos/as
Authors: Cho Hyunkag , Velez-Ortiz Daniel , Parra-Cardona José Rubén
Published: September 2014

This study seeks to contribute to the limited literature on intimate partner violence (IPV) with Latino populations by analyzing national estimates of prevalence of and risk factors for IPV across the three largest Latino subgroups: Cuban-Origin, Mexican-Origin, and Puerto Ricans. Results showed that foreign-born Mexicans reported the highest rates of IPV compared with foreign-born Cubans and Puerto Ricans; Latinas with higher levels of education and employment reported higher levels of IPV; and foreign-born Mexicans reported a higher rate of less injurious IPV than their U.S.-born counterparts. These findings highlight the need to inform programs of varying nature of Latinas experiencing IPV.
Intimate Partner Femicide–Suicides in Ghana
Authors: Adinkrah Mensah
Published: September 2014

The present study investigated the scope, nature, and determinants of intimate partner femicide–suicides (IPFS) that occurred in Ghana during 1990 to 2009. All 35 reported cases of intimate partner homicide–suicides with female homicide victims that occurred during the study period were extracted from a major Ghanaian daily newspaper. Findings indicate that offenders were of lower socioeconomic background and tended to be older than their victims. The results further show that shooting with a firearm and hacking with a machete were the primary homicide methods, whereas self-inflicted gunshots and hanging were the dominant suicide methods. Results showed that suspicion of infidelity and sexual jealousy were core contributing factors in arguments, disputes, and altercations that preceded the femicide–suicides. Furthermore, estrangement and threatened divorce or separation by the female intimate partner was a major precipitant of femicide–suicides.
New Regionalism—Not Too Complex for the Media Watchdog
Authors: Christmann Anna , Kübler Daniel , Hasler Karin , Marcinkowksi Frank , Schemer Christian
Published: September 2014

As cities grow and expand, governance networks advocated by the “new regionalism” have become increasingly important for policy making in metropolitan areas. This article examines media reporting about governance networks and the effect this reporting has on democratic accountability and legitimacy. We use data from a standardized content analysis of newspaper coverage about metropolitan policy making in four European metropolitan areas (Zurich, Berlin, Paris, and London), as well as survey data on citizens’ attitudes. We find that the leading newspapers adequately cover governance processes and pay attention to both governmental and nongovernmental actors. Media content is correlated with citizen perceptions of democratic legitimacy, meaning both trust in government as well as satisfaction with democracy. We argue that there is a communicational dimension of public accountability that is important in upholding the democratic quality of “new regionalism” and of governance networks more generally.