bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Going beyond the 20th century color space to evaluate LED color consistency
Authors: Fryc I. , Listowski M. , Supronowicz R.
Published: October 2023

The color matching possibilities between (reference) phosphor-converted LEDs (pc-LEDs) and replacement metameric LEDs made by color mixing technology (cm-LEDs) were evaluated in the classical 20th century CIE 1976 color space developed for perpendicular viewing (based on a 2° colorimetric observer) and in the latest CIE 2015 cone fundamental color space developed for wide field of view observers (10° colorimetric observer). For each given pc-LED 10 different sets of cm-LEDs were designed and evaluated for color consistency in 2°and 10° color spaces. There were 10 different B-color LEDs considered along with constant RGA LEDs. There are thousands of possible distributions that are metameric in the CIE 1976 color space and thousands of possible distributions that are metameric in the CIE 2015 color space for each set of LEDs. From the population of SPDs, we selected 10 metameric SPDs characterized by maximum differences between chromaticities. The results provide evidence that evaluating LED color consistency based only on the CIE 1976 color space is not fully informative because it may provide inaccurate information about light color consistency when the observer has a wide field of view. There are cases showed in this paper where cm-LEDs are color consistent in the CIE 2015 color space but are not color consistent in the CIE 1976 color space and vice versa. Including color consistency in the new CIE 2015 color space should be treated as an additional evaluation tool proving the user additional information relevant to the intended use of the LED. The results illustrate differences in LED color consistency evaluated in different color spaces and provides incentive go beyond the 20th century color space in the evaluation of cm-LED color consistency.
Photon-pair production and frequency translation using backward-wave spontaneous parametric downconversion
Authors: Kuo Paulina S. , Reddy Dileep V. , Verma Varun , Nam Sae Woo , Zukauskas Andrius , Canalias Carlota
Published: October 2023

Backward-wave three-wave mixing is a difficult χ(2) interaction to observe, because it requires ultrashort poling periods to achieve phasematching. Having realized sub-micrometer periods in periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP), we demonstrate for the first time first-order quasi-phasematched, backward-wave spontaneous parametric downconversion (BW SPDC). We pumped the PPKTP crystal at 800 nm and obtained a forward-wave signal at 1400 nm and a backward-wave idler at 1868 nm. We estimated an internal pair production rate of 4.0 × 104 pairs/s/mW. The backward-wave phasematching constraints lead to the unique tuning property that spectral features of the pump are transferred to the forward-wave signal photons, which makes BW SPDC an attractive source of spectrally shaped, heralded single photons. These spectrally shaped photons are useful for quantum computing and quantum interconnects. For the first time, we experimentally show this effect by observing frequency translation between a spectrally shaped pump beam and the BW SPDC signal photons. Due to their unique properties, BW-SPDC-based devices will be important building blocks for quantum information processing.
Melioidosis Queensland: An analysis of clinical outcomes and genomic factors
Authors: Gassiep Ian , Burnard Delaney , Permana Budi , Bauer Michelle J. , Cuddihy Thom , Forde Brian M. , Chatfield Mark D. , Ling Weiping , Norton Robert , Harris Patrick N. A.
Published: October 2023

Background

The clinical and genomic epidemiology of melioidosis varies across regions.

Aim

To describe the clinical and genetic diversity of B. pseudomallei across Queensland, Australia.

Methods

Whole genome sequencing of clinical isolates stored at the melioidosis reference lab from 1996–2020 was performed and analysed in conjunction with available clinical data.

Results

Isolates from 292 patients were analysed. Bacteraemia was present in 71% and pneumonia in 65%. The case-fatality rate was 25%. Novel sequence types (ST) accounted for 51% of all isolates. No association was identified between the variable virulence factors assessed and patient outcome. Over time, the proportion of First Nation’s patients declined from 59% to 26%, and the proportion of patients aged >70 years rose from 13% to 38%.

Conclusion

This study describes a genomically diverse and comparatively distinct collection of B. pseudomallei clinical isolates from across Queensland, Australia. An increasing incidence of melioidosis in elderly patients may be an important factor in the persistently high case-fatality in this region and warrants further investigation and directed intervention.
A drug design strategy based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations applied to development of inhibitor against triple-negative breast cancer by Scutellarein derivatives
Authors: Akash Shopnil , Aovi Farjana Islam , Azad Md. A. K. , Kumer Ajoy , Chakma Unesco , Islam Md. Rezaul , Mukerjee Nobendu , Rahman Md. Mominur , Bayıl Imren , Rashid Summya , Sharma Rohit
Published: October 2023

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), accounting for 10–15% of all breast malignancies, is more prevalent in women under 40, particularly in those of African descent or carrying the BRCA1 mutation. TNBC is characterized by the absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) and low or elevated HER2 expression. It represents a particularly aggressive form of breast cancer with limited therapeutic options and a poorer prognosis. In our study, we utilized the protein of TNBC collected from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) with the most stable configuration. We selected Scutellarein, a bioactive molecule renowned for its anti-cancer properties, and used its derivatives to design potential anti-cancer drugs employing computational tools. We applied and modified structural activity relationship methods to these derivatives and evaluated the probability of active (Pa) and inactive (Pi) outcomes using pass prediction scores. Furthermore, we employed in-silico approaches such as the assessment of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) parameters, and quantum calculations through density functional theory (DFT). Within the DFT calculations, we analyzed Frontier Molecular Orbitals, specifically the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO). We then conducted molecular docking and dynamics against TNBC to ascertain binding affinity and stability. Our findings indicated that Scutellarein derivatives, specifically DM03 with a binding energy of -10.7 kcal/mol and DM04 with -11.0 kcal/mol, exhibited the maximum binding tendency against Human CK2 alpha kinase (PDB ID 7L1X). Molecular dynamic simulations were performed for 100 ns, and stability was assessed using root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) parameters, suggesting significant stability for our chosen compounds. Furthermore, these molecules met the pharmacokinetics requirements for potential therapeutic candidates, displaying non-carcinogenicity, minimal aquatic and non-aquatic toxicity, and greater aqueous solubility. Collectively, our computational data suggest that Scutellarein derivatives may serve as potential therapeutic agents for TNBC. However, further experimental investigations are needed to validate these findings.
A noval approach based on TCN-LSTM network for predicting waterlogging depth with waterlogging monitoring station
Authors: Yao Jinliang , Cai Zhipeng , Qian Zheng , Yang Bing
Published: October 2023

As a result of climate change and rapid urbanization, urban waterlogging commonly caused by rainstorm, is becoming more frequent and more severe in developing countries. Urban waterlogging sometimes results in significant financial losses as well as human casualties. Accurate waterlogging depth prediction is critical for early warning system and emergency response. However, the existing hydrological models need to obtain more abundant hydrological data, and the model construction is complicated. The waterlogging depth prediction technology based on object detection model are highly dependent on image data. To solve the above problem, we propose a novel approach based on Temporal Convolutional Networks and Long Short-Term Memory networks to predicting urban waterlogging depth with Waterlogging Monitoring Station. The difficulty of data acquisition is small though Waterlogging Monitoring Station and TCN-LSTM model can be used to predict timely waterlogging depth. Waterlogging Monitoring Station is developed which integrates an automatic rain gauge and a water gauge. The rainfall and waterlogging depth can be obtained by periodic sampling at some areas with Waterlogging Monitoring Station. Precise hydrological data such as waterlogging depth and rainfall collected by Waterlogging Monitoring Station are used as training samples. Then training samples are used to train TCN-LSTM model, and finally a model with good prediction effect is obtained. The experimental results show that the difficulty of data acquisition is small, the complexity is low and the proposed TCN-LSTM hybrid model can properly predict the waterlogging depth of the current regional. There is no need for high dependence on image data. Meanwhile, compared with machine learning model and RNN model, TCN-LSTM model has higher prediction accuracy for time series data. Overall, the low-cost method proposed in this study can be used to obtain timely waterlogging warning information, and enhance the possibility of using existing social networks and traffic surveillance video systems to perform opportunistic waterlogging sensing.
The Nβ motif of NaTrxh directs secretion as an endoplasmic reticulum transit peptide and variations might result in different cellular targeting
Authors: Zaragoza-Gómez Andre , García-Caffarel Emilio , Cruz-Zamora Yuridia , González James , Anaya-Muñoz Víctor Hugo , Cruz-García Felipe , Juárez-Díaz Javier Andrés
Published: October 2023

Soluble secretory proteins with a signal peptide reach the extracellular space through the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi conventional pathway. During translation, the signal peptide is recognised by the signal recognition particle and results in a co-translational translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum to continue the secretory pathway. However, soluble secretory proteins lacking a signal peptide are also abundant, and several unconventional (endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi independent) pathways have been proposed and some demonstrated. This work describes new features of the secretion signal called Nβ, originally identified in NaTrxh, a plant extracellular thioredoxin, that does not possess an orthodox signal peptide. We provide evidence that other proteins, including thioredoxins type h, with similar sequences are also signal peptide-lacking secretory proteins. To be a secretion signal, positions 5, 8 and 9 must contain neutral residues in plant proteins–a negative residue in position 8 is suggested in animal proteins–to maintain the Nβ motif negatively charged and a hydrophilic profile. Moreover, our results suggest that the NaTrxh translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum occurs as a post-translational event. Finally, the Nβ motif sequence at the N- or C-terminus could be a feature that may help to predict protein localisation, mainly in plant and animal proteins.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of university students towards monkeypox in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Akhtarul , Sathi Nusrat Jahan , Setu Sarmistha Paul , Nahar Mst. Tanmin , Khan Md Nafiul Alam , Hasan Mahamudul , Khan Asaduzzaman , Hossen Md Mikail , Nibir Md. Mahdi-Al-Muhtasim , Khan Bayezid , Ali Md. Sabuj , Ali Habib Mohammad , Islam Md. Nazrul , Hossain Md. Tanvir
Published: October 2023

The recent outbreak of viral zoonotic disease–monkeypox–caused by the monkeypox virus, has infected many people worldwide. This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning monkeypox among university students in Bangladesh. Data were collected using purposive snowball sampling from 887 university students through an online survey using Google Form. The participants were mostly in their twenties (M = 22.33 [SD 2.01] years), and they spent, on average, 2.59 [SD 1.91] hours/day on electronic and social media. The participants generally showed moderate knowledge (39.5%), low attitude (25.1%), and moderate practice (48.6%) toward monkeypox, with 47.6% having had a moderate KAP score. Findings further showed that personal attributes of university students, i.e., age, sex, year of schooling, residence, living status, geographical distribution, e.g., division, were statistically and significantly associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding monkeypox and overall KAP score. It is also apparent that health status, susceptibility to monkeypox, and exposure to social media were the most common factors significantly associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding monkeypox and overall KAP score. The current study’s findings underscore the need for developing appropriate information, education, and communication (IEC) materials and their dissemination, which could play an important role in reducing the risk of monkeypox and similar other infectious diseases, particularly among students in Bangladesh.
A comparative case study of the accommodation of students with disabilities in online and in-person degree programs
Authors: Mead Chris , Price Chad , Gin Logan E. , Anbar Ariel D. , Collins James P. , LePore Paul , Brownell Sara E.
Published: October 2023

Fully online degree programs are an increasingly important part of the higher education ecosystem. Among the many challenges raised by the growth of fully online courses and degree programs is the question: Are institutions providing online students with disabilities accommodations that are comparable to those provided to students in traditional in-person degree programs? To explore this question, we compared students in a fully online biology degree program to students in the equivalent in-person degree program at a large research university. For each group, we assessed the frequency with which students register with the disability resource center, the range of specific accommodations provided, and course grades. Results show that students in the in-person program were nearly 30% more likely to be enrolled with the disability resource center, and that students in the online program were offered a narrower range of accommodations. However, in relative terms (i.e., compared to students without disabilities in their degree program), online students with disabilities perform better than in-person students with disabilities.
Industrial structure upgrading, population aging and migration: An empirical study based on Chinese provincial panel data
Authors: Ma Dan , Zhou Kai , Xu Jingwen , Qian Yihan
Published: October 2023

Population aging and migration are two important phenomena in the process of social development in China, which have a significant impact on industrial structure upgrading. This study explores the moderating effect of the population migration on the population aging impacting the industrial structure upgrading based on Chinese provincial panel data from 2000 to 2021. The results demonstrate that the population aging has become a development trend of China’s population, and it has a significantly hinder industrial structure upgrading. Furthermore, the population migration resulting diffusion and convergence of economic factors has a meaningful moderating effects on the population aging impacting the industrial structure upgrading. Our study suggests that a reasonable and orderly population migration is critical in achieving stable and sustainable industrial structure upgrading, especially in the context of the China’s population aging.
Newly discovered genomic mutation patterns in radiation-induced small intestinal tumors of ApcMin/+ mice
Authors: Iizuka Daisuke , Sasatani Megumi , Ishikawa Atsuko , Daino Kazuhiro , Hirouchi Tokuhisa , Kamiya Kenji
Published: October 2023

Among the small intestinal tumors that occur in irradiated mice of the established mouse model B6/B6-Chr18MSM-F1 ApcMin/+, loss of heterozygosity analysis can be utilized to estimate whether a deletion in the wild-type allele containing the Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) region (hereafter referred to as Deletion), a duplication in the mutant allele with a nonsense mutation at codon 850 of Apc (Duplication), or no aberration (Unidentified) has occurred. Previous research has revealed that the number of Unidentified tumors tends to increase with the radiation dose. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of an Unidentified tumor type in response to radiation exposure. The mRNA expression levels of Apc were significantly lower in Unidentified tumors than in normal tissues. We focused on epigenetic suppression as the mechanism underlying this decreased expression; however, hypermethylation of the Apc promoter region was not observed. To investigate whether deletions occur that cannot be captured by loss of heterozygosity analysis, we analyzed chromosome 18 using a customized array comparative genomic hybridization approach designed to detect copy-number changes in chromosome 18. However, the copy number of the Apc region was not altered in Unidentified tumors. Finally, gene mutation analysis of the Apc region using next-generation sequencing suggested the existence of a small deletion (approximately 3.5 kbp) in an Unidentified tumor from a mouse in the irradiated group. Furthermore, nonsense and frameshift mutations in Apc were found in approximately 30% of the Unidentified tumors analyzed. These results suggest that radiation-induced Unidentified tumors arise mainly due to decreased Apc expression of an unknown regulatory mechanism that does not depend on promoter hypermethylation, and that some tumors may result from nonsense mutations which are as-yet undefined point mutations.
Developing adapted wheat lines with broad-spectrum resistance to stem rust: Introgression of Sr59 through backcrossing and selections based on genotyping-by-sequencing data
Authors: Yazdani Mahboobeh , Rouse Matthew N. , Steffenson Brian J. , Bajgain Prabin , Patpour Mehran , Johansson Eva , Rahmatov Mahbubjon
Published: October 2023

Control of stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, a highly destructive fungal disease of wheat, faces continuous challenges from emergence of new virulent races across wheat-growing continents. Using combinations of broad-spectrum resistance genes could impart durable stem rust resistance. This study attempted transfer of Sr59 resistance gene from line TA5094 (developed through CSph1bM-induced T2DS·2RL Robertsonian translocation conferring broad-spectrum resistance). Poor agronomic performance of line TA5094 necessitates Sr59 transfer to adapted genetic backgrounds and utility evaluations for wheat improvement. Based on combined stem rust seedling and molecular analyses, 2070 BC1F1 and 1230 BC2F1 plants were derived from backcrossing BAJ#1, KACHU#1, and REEDLING#1 with TA5094. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) results revealed the physical positions of 15,116 SNPs on chromosome 2R. The adapted genotypes used for backcrossing were found not to possess broad-spectrum resistance to selected stem rust races, whereas Sr59-containing line TA5094 showed resistance to all races tested. Stem rust seedling assays combined with kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker analysis successfully selected and generated the BC2F2 population, which contained the Sr59 gene, as confirmed by GBS. Early-generation data from backcrossing suggested deviations from the 3:1 segregation, suggesting that multiple genes may contribute to Sr59 resistance reactions. Using GBS marker data (40,584 SNPs in wheat chromosomes) to transfer the recurrent parent background to later-generation populations resulted in average genome recovery of 71.2% in BAJ#1*2/TA5094, 69.8% in KACHU#1*2/TA5094, and 70.5% in REEDLING#1*2/TA5094 populations. GBS data verified stable Sr59 introgression in BC2F2 populations, as evidenced by presence of the Ph1 locus and absence of the 50,936,209 bp deletion in CSph1bM. Combining phenotypic selections, stem rust seedling assays, KASP markers, and GBS data substantially accelerated transfer of broad-spectrum resistance into adapted genotypes. Thus, this study demonstrated that the Sr59 resistance gene can be introduced into elite genetic backgrounds to mitigate stem rust-related yield losses.
Public attitudes towards dialects: Evidence from 31 Chinese provinces
Authors: Li Tianxin , Ke Xigang , Li Jin
Published: October 2023

Background

Dialect Attitude is conceptualized as an individual’s cognitive and affective evaluation of a dialect and its speakers. In the contemporary China, dialect is suffering from significant stigmatization, resulting in social inequalities, which hinder sustainable development. This study aims to reveal the Chinese public attitudes towards dialects, and clarify the potential determinants related to heterogeneous attitudes at a macro level.

Methods

We combine the crawler technology and sentiment analysis to conduct a provincial cross-sectional study. We collect 1,650,480 microblogs about public attitudes towards dialects from Microblog across 31 specific Chinese provinces. Spatial regression models are utilized to clarify the influence of macro-level determinants on differences in public attitudes.

Results

The present study reveals that: (1) The Chinese public generally holds positive attitudes towards dialects, with significant variation between provinces. (2) Political Resource (β = 0.076, SD = 0.036, P<0.05), Economic Development (β = 0.047, SD = 0.022, P<0.05), and Cultural Resource (β = 0.054, SD = 0.021, P<0.05) promote public positive attitudes towards dialects. (3) Political Resource and Culture Resource influence more significant in the relatively advantaged regions, and Economic Development poses a higher influence in the relatively disadvantaged regions.

Conclusions

Basing on the combination of crawler technology and sentiment analysis, the present study develops the most comprehensive database which takes 1,650,480 dialects-related microblogs from 31 Chinese provinces, and describes the following scenario: (1) Overall, the Chinese public shares a relatively positive attitude towards dialects with significant variations among different provinces, (2) Political Resource, Economic Development and Culture Resource pose positive effects on Chinese public attitudes towards dialects and (3) Political Resource and Culture Resource influence more significant in the relatively disadvantaged regions, and Economic Development poses a higher influence in the relatively advantaged regions.
The COVID-19 pandemic as an existential threat: Evidence on young people’s psychological vulnerability using a Multifaceted Threat Scale
Authors: Vacchiano Mattia , Politi Emanuele , Lueders Adrian
Published: October 2023

Research offers evidence that younger generations suffered the most psychologically from the COVID-19 crisis. In this article, we look at the onset of the pandemic to understand the reasons for this increased vulnerability. We use the COVID-19 Multifaceted Threat Scale to explore potential mechanisms underlying generational differences in psychological well-being. In a sample of 994 individuals (+18) obtained in the USA and India, we first assess levels of perceived psychological well-being across the generations. Thus, we measure cross-generational differences in the perceived levels of financial, relational, existential, health and lifestyle threats experienced by respondents seven months after the pandemic broke out. In accordance with earlier findings, the results confirm that people from Generation Z and Generation Y reported worse levels of psychological well-being than older adults. Our results suggest that the heightened existential threat, as reflected in a loss of meaning and feelings of being “trapped”, mediate the association between younger generations and worse psychological well-being. No substantial intergenerational differences were found for other threat dimensions. The observed effects were consistent across both national contexts, hence stressing the importance of existential concerns as a mechanism underlying the psychological vulnerability of younger people in the historical contingencies of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Study on landslide susceptibility mapping with different factor screening methods and random forest models
Authors: Gu Tengfei , Li Jia , Wang Mingguo , Duan Ping , Zhang Yanke , Cheng Libo
Published: October 2023

The number of input factors affects the prediction accuracy of a model. Factor screening plays an important role as the starting point for data input. The aim of this study is to explore the influence of different factor screening methods on the prediction results. Taking the 2014 landslide inventory of Jingdong County as an example, a landslide database was constructed based on 136 landslide events and 11 selected factors, which were randomly divided into a training dataset and a test dataset according to a ratio of 7:3. Four factor screening methods, namely, the information gain ratio (IGR), GeoDetector, Pearson correlation coefficient and multicollinearity test (MT), were selected to screen the factors. A random forest (RF) model was then used in combination with each factor set for landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM). Finally, accuracy validation was performed using confusion matrices and ROC curves. The results show that factor screening is beneficial in improving the accuracy of the resulting model compared to the original model. Second, the IGR_RF model had the highest AUC value (0.9334), which was higher than that of the MT_RF model without factor screening (0.9194), and the IGR_RF model predicted the most landslides in the very high susceptibility zone (51.22%), indicating the good prediction performance of the IGR_RF model. Finally, the factor weighting analysis revealed that NDVI, elevation and aspect had the greatest influence on landslides in Jingdong County and that curvature had the least influence on landslides. This study can provide a reference for factor screening in LSM.
Exploratory Study on the US NIPP Establishment Process for Strengthening National Critical Infrastructure Protection System in Korea
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Ju Ho
Published: October 2023

This study aims to strengthen and improve the evaluation system for national critical infrastructure protection by considering the importance of such infrastructure and the key feature of interdependency. This research analyzed the changing trends of the national critical infrastructure protection plan in the United States (NIPP-2006, NIPP-2009, NIPP-2013) to derive implications and propose a plan for developing the evaluation system for national infra protection. As a result of the analysis, the problems of Korean NIPP are as follows; First, the national goal of protecting national critical infrastructure is unclear. Second, understanding of the interdependence and independence of the national critical infrastructure is relatively weak due to the lack of national infra protection goals. Third, it is a matter of utilizing the evaluation results of the National Critical Infrastructure Protection Plan. Therefore, it is judged that it is time to consider changing the fundamental approach to the national critical infrastructure protection system and resetting the direction of the protection plan.
Improvement of Government Leadership for Climate Crisis Response: Focusing on New Media Communication
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lu Wei , Lee Jae Eun
Published: October 2023

This study aims to enhance government leadership in responding to the climate crisis by strengthening the application of new media communication. In the era of new media, we can get climate information quickly and easily, which brings new opportunities and challenges for the government to deal with the climate crisis. There are many deficiencies in the government's new media services in response to the climate crisis. The content and ways of communication are relatively simple, and the ability to interact with the public is insufficient; failure to establish cooperation mechanisms with multiple organizations; the ability and quality of the government to make use of new media to publicize the climate crisis should be improved; government needs to improve its level of political inquiry and handling through new media. Therefore, we suggest that the government should make reasonable use of new media to increase the publicity of the climate crisis, leverage external forces to diversify the response to the climate crisis, establish a new media public communication platform, and improve the awareness and ability of government personnel to use new media.
Determinants of Climate-Related Development Finance: Policy Implications for South Korea's CRDF in Comparison with CRDF Trends of Japan, Germany, and France
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Ryu Jung Wan , Shin Dong-Hoon
Published: October 2023

As climate change is a global agenda that requires combined and collective global efforts, each country, developed or developing, needs to mainstream climate change policies, both domestic and external, to achieve its' Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets and ultimately the goals of the Paris Agreement (PA). For this end, climate finance, domestic or international, public or private, plays crucial role in the much-needed transitioning of carbon-intensive industries as well as adapting to the effects of climate change. This study, within the context of Climate-Related Development Finance (CRDF) for developing countries as part of bilateral Official Development Assistance (ODA), aims to derive policy implications for South Korea's CRDF by means of empirical analyses of CRDF determinants for Japan, Germany, and France, which are one of the largest donor countries of CRDF among member countries of the Development Assistance Committee for the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD DAC). South Korea should scale up CRDF to recipient countries to which export volume is comparatively higher, reflecting its economic interest, as largest donor countries do consider export volume in their CRDF allocations.
How do high-performance manufacturing enterprises differ from others with respect to the essence and use of controlling?
Authors: Potkány Marek , Musa Hussam , Schmidtová Jarmila , Bařinová Dagmar
Published: October 2023

Controlling is perceived differently in practice and the range of practical tools often determines its essence. The aim of this study is to identify whether the performance indicator of manufacturing enterprises is a classifying factor in that involves the practical use of controlling. A total of 357 manufacturing enterprises were interviewed through a questionnaire by means of stratified sampling in 2021/22 and a Chi-square goodness-of-fit test was used to test the representativeness. Pearson's chi-square test, interval estimates of proportions, and z-test were used to test the hypotheses. The results revealed a significant dependence between the performance level of manufacturing enterprises measured by profit and the use of a wider range of controlling tools, as well as between the capital structure and the complexity of compiling a controlling report. The findings suggest that there are considerable gaps in the potential application of controlling in manufacturing enterprises, both in terms of the many controlling tools and in terms of using a higher level of the control function through controlling reports. Should these gaps be eliminated, the performance potential of enterprises would undoubtedly increase and overall decision-making would improved.
Transition to a circular economy: Exploring stakeholder perspectives in Kazakhstan
Authors: Zhidebekkyzy Aknur , Moldabekova Aisulu , Amangeldiyeva Birganym , Šanova Petra
Published: October 2023

The development of circular economy entails systemic changes at various levels involving all stakeholders. Stakeholders play a crucial role in creating and ensuring the necessary conditions for the establishment and thriving of the circular economy. They set the primary direction for and act as the driving force behind sustainable development. In this regard, this study aimed to determine the readiness of stakeholders for the formation and development of the circular economy in Kazakhstan. An expert survey was conducted among representatives of business, academia and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The survey involved 54 experts, and the data were analyzed using the SPSS 25 software. The analytical findings underscore that the sector of science and education manifests the highest state of readiness among stakeholder segments. Conversely, sectors encompassing society, consumers, governmental bodies, and financial institutions demonstrate relatively modest levels of preparedness. Furthermore, this study delved into distinct statistical variances across stakeholder readiness levels and proffered targeted recommendations aimed at mitigating challenges hampering the establishment of a circular economy framework within Kazakhstan.
The willingness to forgive among the Wayuu and among people from other indigenous communities in Colombia
Authors:   Université Jean-Jaurès, Toulouse, France, Turizo-Palencia Yamile ,   Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia, Pineda-Marin Claudia ,   Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia, Arévalo Hoyos Cristian ,   Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia, Flórez-Rojas Carlos Andrés ,   Unión Temporal Cultural Territorial de Autoridades Indígenas del Chocó, Quibdó, Colombia, Alfonso Murcia Diego Andrés ,   Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia, Muñoz Sastre María Teresa ,   Université Jean-Jaurès, Toulouse, France, Mullet Etienne ,   Institute of Advanced Studies (EPHE), Paris, France
Published: October 2023

Introduction/aim: Willingness to forgive has been studied in different situations, however, there are no published studies in Colombia with indigenous populations and taking into account their worldview. The present research was aimed at examining the willingness to forgive of people from various ethnic minorities in Colombia such as the Embera, Nasa, Pijao and Kaamash-Hu communities and focusing in particular on the Wayuu community. Method: An experimental design was used and a cluster analysis was performed. The sample was composed of 159 indigenous adults (30% male) between the ages of 18 and 76, who were shown a series of scenarios describing a common situation in which an orchard was damaged by domestic animals belonging to a neighbour. Three factors were manipulated in the scenario: the severity of the damage, the level of carelessness of the animals’ owner, and the animals’ owner’s explanations and apologetic behaviour. Results: Cluster analysis yielded five qualitatively different positions: Never forgive under any circumstances (6% of the sample, primarily participants from the Embera community), Depends on apology and neglect (15%), Depends on apology, consequences, and neglect (30%, primarily participants from the Kaamash-Hu community), and Almost always forgive (36%, primarily people from the Wayuu community). Conclusion: Thus, there is a convergence between the results of this study and the anthropological observations of the participating ethnic communities. Forgiveness is closely linked to the cosmovision of each indigenous group.
Digital humanities
Authors: Asundi A Y , B Subhash Reddy , Krishnamurthy M
Published: October 2023

Digital humanities is a result of the convergence of digital technology with social sciences and humanities. It is one of the key research areas around the world by the library and information science profession, and in cognate areas such as art and archeology. Focus groups, digital humanities centres are created for intensive researches which are located mainly in libraries as their core programmes. The library techniques and methods such as knowledge organisation, knowledge management, search and retrieval design, education, and emerging areas such as metadata, semantic mapping, ontology, thesaurus construction, digital curation, discovery services, find application in digital humanities. A new area of study, historical informatics complements the digital humanities. India has vast potential application of digital humanities with its diverse culture, customs and languages and so on. India is reckoned as one of the advanced countries in the IT sector, hence recognising the socio-cultural legacy and diverse historical background, it is viewed that digital humanities has many opportunities and applications for LIS professionals in India to contribute substantially. This paper brings together the concepts, tools, and applications of digital humanities and proposes a course of study in LIS curriculum.
Machine Learning Applications in Digital Humanities
Authors: Mitra Roshni , Mukhopadhyay Parthasarathi
Published: October 2023

This research study explores the potential of machine learning tools and techniques to organize knowledge objects pertaining to various aspects of the gender spectrum (LGBTQIA+) in order to address the low-resource features of the LGBTQIA+ knowledge domain in Indian libraries. It aims to develop a semi-automated subject indexing system using an open source machine learning framework (Annif) and deploying the Homosaurus, a domain-specific vocabulary system. It develops programmatically a comprehensive training dataset from open-access bibliographic data sources with the help of data carpentry tools and NLP services from OpenAI. The study also measures the efficiencies of the automated indexing framework and investigates the potential for widespread adoption of a REST/API call-based approach for rapid indexing of a substantial number of records related to the LGBTQIA+ domain.
A Survey of the Metadata Element Sets Used for Digital Art Objects in the Online Collections of the Museums of India
Authors: Pandey Rahul , Kumar Vinit
Published: October 2023

Digital technology advancements have had a significant impact on how people learn, search for information, and evaluate it. Indian cultural heritage institutions like GLAMs (Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums) have also embraced a number of digitisation initiatives to increase access to their wide-ranging art collections. Digital paintings and other cultural heritage information artifacts can facilitate digital humanities research in multiple ways. Using an online content analysis and observation method, this study looks at how metadata elements are used to describe the different art collections in five national museums in India. The study finds that 13 categories of art objects are made available by all the museums. Each category is described by a different number of metadata entry elements. The study also finds the metadata elements that different museums prefer for different types of art objects, as well as the common elements. The findings highlight the need for standardisation in metadata practices to improve the discoverability and accessibility of cultural objects and show how crucial metadata is in facilitating access to cultural objects. The results could help GLAMs create metadata guidelines and strategies for their digital collections, which would make digital art objects more discoverable and accessible.
Digital Humanities and Librarianship
Authors: Hasan Nabi
Published: October 2023

Digital Humanities (DH) is an emerging academic discipline that helps to provide solutions to problems of humanities and social sciences through computational techniques. It is the result of the convergence of digital technologies with social sciences and humanities. The libraries now have the responsibilities of planning, designing, and developing digital content, digital preservation, and digital archives to preserve the historical humanities and archaeological resources. Libraries have played a crucial role in the development of DH1. It is inspiring that library professionals are now wanted to engage with digital humanities actively2. DH is one of the key research areas of the library profession and can integrate with library technologies and methods such as knowledge organization, knowledge management, search and retrieval design, user education, metadata, semantic mapping, ontology, thesaurus construction, digital curation, discovery services, etc. which finds application in DH. Libraries support the digital humanities more explicitly in digital scholarly publishing, digital libraries, digital collections, text mining, and digital pedagogy
Multivariate analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasms for yield attributing traits
Authors: Prakash Satya , Reddy S Sumanth , Chaudhary Sandeep , Vimal SC , Kumar Adesh
Published: October 2023

A study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity and relationships among sixty rice genotypes by assessing eleven morphological yield traits using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis at ANDUAT, Ayodhya (Uttar Pradesh), India. The results found significant variation among the genotypes, with some exhibiting higher values for certain traits which confirm genetic diversity. Cluster analysis revealed that Cluster V had the highest number of genotypes, while Cluster IV had the highest intra-cluster distance, suggesting that these genotypes would be useful for rice improvement. Principal component analysis revealed that the first two principal components, along with three other components, accounted for 75.11 percent of the total variability. Days to 50% flowering (DFF) in days was identified as the most accurate predictor of variability, followed by days to maturity (DM) in days, 1000 seed weight (TSW) in gm, and panicle length (PL) in cm. The principal component to be first (PC1) was linked with plant height (PH) and harvest index (HI) in gm, the second principal component (PC2) was linked with DFF and DM, the third (PC3) was linked with TSW and grains/panicle (GP) in number, the fourth (PC4) with panicles bearing per plant (PBP) in number and biological yield per plant (BY) in gramme, and the fifth principal component (PC5) is linked with PL and BY. The study identified several promising genotypes for various traits, including G.35, G.17, G.30, G.45, and G.46 for short plant height and G.60, G.40, G.54, G.55, and G.41 for high yield.
Emodin reduces surgical wounding‐accelerated tumor growth and metastasis via macrophage suppression in a murine triple‐negative breast cancer model
Authors: McDonald Sierra J. , Bullard Brooke M. , VanderVeen Brandon N. , Cardaci Thomas D. , Chatzistamou Ioulia , Fan Daping , Murphy E. Angela
Published: October 2023

It has been suspected that tumor resection surgery itself may accelerate breast cancer (BC) lung metastasis in some patients. Emodin, a natural anthraquinone found in the roots and rhizomes of various plants, exhibits anticancer activity. We examined the perioperative use of emodin in our established surgery wounding murine BC model. Emodin reduced primary BC tumor growth and metastasis in the lungs in both sham and surgical wounded mice, consistent with a reduction in proliferation and enhanced apoptosis (primary tumor and lungs). Further, emodin reduced systemic inflammation, most notably the number of monocytes in the peripheral blood and reduced pro‐tumoral M2 macrophages in the primary tumor and the lungs. Consistently, we show that emodin reduces gene expression of select macrophage markers and associated cytokines in the primary tumor and lungs of wounded mice. Overall, we demonstrate that emodin is beneficial in mitigating surgical wounding accelerated lung metastasis in a model of triple‐negative BC, which appears to be mediated, at least in part, by its actions on macrophages. These data support the development of emodin as a safe, low‐cost, and effective agent to be used perioperatively to alleviate the surgery triggered inflammatory response and consequential metastasis of BC to the lungs.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals partial epithelial–mesenchymal transition and inflammation as common pathogenic mechanisms in hypertensive nephrosclerosis and Type 2 diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Nordbø Ole Petter , Landolt Lea , Eikrem Øystein , Scherer Andreas , Leh Sabine , Furriol Jessica , Apeland Terje , Mydel Piotr , Marti Hans‐Peter
Published: October 2023

Hypertensive nephrosclerosis (HN) and Type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) are the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). To explore shared pathogenetic mechanisms, we analyzed transcriptomes of kidney biopsies from patients with HN or T2DN. Total RNA was extracted from 10 μm whole kidney sections from patients with HN, T2DN, and normal controls (Ctrl) (n = 6 for each group) and processed for RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed (log2 fold change >1, adjusted p < 0.05) genes (DEG) and molecular pathways were analyzed, and selected results were validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). ELISA on serum samples was performed on a related cohort consisting of patients with biopsy‐proven HN (n = 13) and DN (n = 9), and a normal control group (n = 14). Cluster analysis on RNA sequencing data separated diseased and normal tissues. RNA sequencing revealed that 88% (341 out of 384) of DEG in HN were also altered in T2DN, while gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that over 90% of affected molecular pathways, including those related to inflammation, immune response, and cell‐cycle regulation, were similarly impacted in both HN and T2DN samples. The increased expression of genes tied to interleukin signaling and lymphocyte activation was more pronounced in HN, while genes associated with extracellular matrix organization were more evident in T2DN. Both HN and T2DN tissues exhibited significant upregulation of genes connected with inflammatory responses, T‐cell activity, and partial epithelial to mesenchymal transition (p‐EMT). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) further confirmed T‐cell (CD4+ and CD8+) infiltration in the diseased tissues. Additionally, IHC revealed heightened AXL protein expression, a key regulator of inflammation and p‐EMT, in both HN and T2DN, while serum analysis indicated elevated soluble AXL levels in patients with both conditions. These findings underline the shared molecular mechanisms between HN and T2DN, hinting at the potential for common therapeutic strategies targeting both diseases.
The Case of John and Juliet: TV Reboots, Gender Swaps, and the Denial of Queer Identity
Authors: Jenner Mareike
Published: October 2023

This article deals with issues of diversity and “visibility politics” in contemporary American middlebrow television. The focus here is specifically how the reboots ofHawaii Five-0approach these issues. This article uses the gender swapMagnum, P.I., where Higgins (John Hillerman/Perdita Weeks) is rendered female, as an example to explore how feminism and queer visibility are pitted against each other, while being rendered politically mute. While contemporary US middlebrow TV features a lot of racial, gender, and body and ability diversity, many of these issues are approached as visual rather than political. Drawing on different theories on representation and visibility of marginalised groups, this article argues that middlebrow TV reboots aim for a higher degree of inclusion than original series, without fully responding to the political agendas linked to equality and civil rights. Reducing political issues to questions of visibility results in a “flattening out” of goals White maintaining an ideology of “political neutrality.”