bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Different Aged Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) Rootstocks on Softwood Grafting Success under Different Environmental Conditions
Authors: S.L Gagan , A G Babu , Rao Venkat , Nanjappa Dhanajaya Belavadi , P Dhananjaya
Published: November 2024

An investigation was conducted to find out the optimum Jackfruit rootstock age for softwood grafting and to find out the suitable environmental condition for the success of Jackfruit grafts was conducted at Department of Biotechnology and Crop Improvement, College of Horticulture, Kolar, Karnataka during the year 2023. Six different aged Jackfruit rootstocks (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days old) were softwood grafted and evaluated under three environmental conditions (Shadenet, Polytunnel and Polyhouse) in a factorial completely randomised design with four replications.
The morpho-physiological results revealed that, 15 days old rootstock grown under shadenet took highest number of days for sprout initiation (24.02 days) compared to others. Significantly highest graft success (50.20 %) was recorded in 90 days old rootstock grafts grown under polyhouse condition 30 days after grafting. Maximum number of leaves per graft (4.95, 6.95 and 9.15) and maximum RWC % (83.63, 86.98, and 90.61 %) was recorded in 90 days old rootstock grown under polyhouse at 30, 60 & 90 days after grafting respectively. Similarly, significantly highest chlorophyll (4.70 mg/g FW), root length (18.52 cm), root fresh weight (9.43 g/plant), root dry weight (1.35 g/plant) and root biomass (3.64 g/plant) found in 90 days old rootstock grafts grown under polyhouse conditions. The maximum root-to-shoot ratio was recorded on fresh weight (0.73 g) and dry weight (0.56 g) in 90 days old rootstock grown under polyhouse condition. Significant maximum graft survival (44.71 %) recorded in 90 days old rootstock grafts grown under polyhouse. Significantly highest graft dry matter (3.95 g/plant) was recorded in 90 days old rootstocks grafts grown under polyhouse whereas least in shadenet (2.99 g/plant).
In conclusion, it is found that grafting of 90 days old Jackfruit rootstocks performed better under polyhouse conditions for most of the traits.
Biocontrol Potential and Mechanisms of Action of Plant Associated Yeast
Authors: K. S. Supriya , Nair Chitra B. , Thara Susha S.
Published: November 2024

Yeasts, single-celled fungi, have established themselves as effective biocontrol agents against various plant pathogens, demonstrating mechanisms such as nutrient and space competition, secretion of antimicrobial compounds, and induction of plant resistance. Their genetic stability, resilience to harsh conditions, and ease of cultivation on low-cost media enhance their applicability in agriculture. This review explores the diverse modes of action employed by yeasts, including biofilm formation, production of lytic enzymes, volatile organic compounds, and mycoparasitism, all contributing to their biocontrol efficacy. Notable registered yeast species like Candida oleophila, Aureobasidium pullulans, Metschnikowia fructicola, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae showcase commercial potential in managing plant diseases, with various products already available in the market. Additionally, yeast strains have been shown to enhance plant growth, improving crop vigour and yield. The commercial applications of yeast-based bioproducts highlight their potential as sustainable alternatives to chemical pesticides in agriculture, emphasizing their importance in integrated disease management strategies.
Impact of Salinity Stress on Morpho-physiology of Four Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties
Authors: Gautam Anand Rahul , Khan A.H. , Poonam  , Mobeen  , Bahadur Raj , Singh A.K.
Published: November 2024

Abiotic stress, especially salinity, is one of the major restraints for attaining self-sufficiency in the food grain production. The saline soils affect the crop growth both directly and indirectly by interfering with plant metabolism resulting in reduction in yield potential of various crops. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), the staple food of much of the world’s population, is categorized as a salt-susceptible crop. Improving the salt tolerance of rice would increase the potential of saline-alkali land and ensure food security. To investigate the effect of different levels of salinity on morpho-physiological characters and yield of four rice variety viz. Pokkali, Narendra Ushar Dhan 3, IR 28 and IR 29.  A pot experiment was conducted during Kharif 2011 and 2012 at the Department of Crop Physiology, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) under normal soil and saline conditions with EC 6.0 and EC 10.0 dS/m. Gradual increase on plant height as well as biomass with the advancement in the age of crop up to dough grain in all the varities under both normal and salinity treatment. Maximum grain yield recorded in tolerant varieties Narendra Usar Dhan 3 followed by Pokkali, whereas minimum in IR 28. Under saline conditions regarding sink potential, the tolerant varieties recorded less reduction in yield attributes like length of panicle (cm), number of panicle per plant, number grain panicle-1 and grain yield plant-1 as compared to normal condition. The salinity tolerance capacity of tolerance varieties was associated with increased the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzyme batter accumulation of proline and total carbohydrate as compared to normal condition.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Bio-efficacy Assessment of Different Organic Formulations against Root and Stem Rot Disease of Cucumber Incited by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-cucumerinum
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Meena N. L. , Rawal Pokhar , Trivedi Amit , Singh Virendra , Panwar N. L. , Singh Karan , Gurjar Hemant
Published: November 2024

In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial bio-efficacy of different four organic formulations viz., Neem oil (@ 0.5, 1.0, 1.5% con.), Azadirachtin (@ 0.10, 0.15, 0.20% con.), Bijamrut (@ 5, 10, 15% con.) and Jivamrut (@ 5, 10, 15% con.) were evaluated at different three concentrations against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-cucumerinum causing root and stem rot disease of cucumber. Among the four different organic formulations, Azadirachtin was found most effective by showing minimum mycelial growth of 47.48, 31.63 and 21.70 mm and 47.25, 64.86 and 75.89% per cent growth inhibition at 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20% concentrations respectively. The Jivamrut depicted highest mycelial growth 63.88, 55.83, 43.95 mm with 29.03, 37.97 and 51.17% lowest per cent growth inhibition of the pathogen at 5, 10 and 15% concentrations, respectively.
Phenotyping in Plant Breeding using Modern Tools: A Review
Authors: Kumar Prem , Singh Jay , Yadav Vijay Kumar , Gautam Kapil , Kumar Manoj , Gupta Rishabh
Published: November 2024

The need for food globally is rising quickly. According to assessments, global food output must double to meet anticipated population growth projections by 2050. The ability to precisely phenotype crop plants in the field has been made possible by contemporary high-throughput plant phenotyping systems (HTPPs). This has been made possible by developments in automation, robotics, precise environmental control, and remote sensing technologies. We are discussing some phenotyping tools phenopsis, phenomics, phenoscope, HPGA, The Plant Accelerator, Biotron, LEPSE, LemnaTec etc. This paper examines many phenotyping contexts, such as breeding, genetic resource discovery, and translational research to provide more breeding resources, and how the various phenotyping categories mentioned above relate to each of these situations. By bridging the gap between genotype and phenotype and improving the effectiveness of selection for maximizing the genetic gain, several HTP tools and platforms have been created globally to enable breeding operations reach their full potential.
Reckoning the Interelationship among Different Yield Contributing Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes
Authors: K. S. Apoorva , Kolakar Shashikala S. , Jakkeral Shridevi A. , Nadukeri Sadashiv , T. N. Usha
Published: November 2024

Aims: The enhancement of crop yield relies on the level of genetic variability found in breeding materials. An investigation was conducted on chickpea germplasm lines to analyze the existing variability, as well as the correlation and path analysis related to yield and its contributing traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, test weight, protein content and seed yield per plant.
Study Design: The investigation was carried out in an augmented block design with 6 blocks.
Place and Duration of Study: Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Bhavikere, Chikmagalur, during Rabi 2023.
Methodology: 96 germplasm lines collected from different sources were utilized in the study with 4 checks. Data were recorded and statistical analysis was carried out using R software.
Results: The analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant differences among germplasm for all studied traits. High genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were recorded for traits, number of pods per plant, test weight, protein content and seed yield per plant. Correlation studies revealed that, seed yield was in positive association with test weight, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of primary branches per plant and protein content. Test weight showed the highest positive direct effect on seed yield followed by plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod.
Conclusion: This study indicated that yield improvement initiatives should focus on traits such as the number of pods per plant, number of primary branches per plant, test weight and seed yield per plant in breeding programs.
A Review on Common Physiological Disorder of Tomato and Their Management
Authors: Maurya Hareesh Kumar , Mitra Diksha Sangh , Lata Rubee , Yadav G.C. , Sundar Shyam
Published: November 2024

Tomato plants are susceptible to various kinds of physiological problems, which can reduce fruit quality and productivity. Unlike pathogen-caused diseases, these problems are the result of environmental conditions, nutritional imbalances, and poor growing practices. Blossom-end rot, caused by calcium deficiency and inconsistent watering; blotchy ripening, often due to imbalanced nutrient availability; fruit cracking, often caused by rapid water uptake; sunscald, caused by excessive sunlight exposure; catfacing, caused by temperature fluctuations during fruit development; and uneven ripening, linked to poor nutrient distribution. These difficulties can be mitigated with proper mulching, pruning, and the use of shade netting. Effective management of these problems necessitates integrated techniques such as continuous irrigation, balanced fertilization, temperature adjustment, and protection from environmental extremes such as direct sunshine. Management of these disorders, which includes the use of mulch, optimal temperature control, correctly pruning, proper irrigation, balanced manure and fertilizer, protective measures against excessive sunlight, and integrated cultural practices, are some important keys that can help reduce their incidence. Furthermore, choosing tomato cultivars that are less susceptible to physiological problems will improve crop resilience. By addressing these issues, growers can improve overall crop health, resulting in higher-quality yields and lower economic losses. This review article gives an overview of the causes physiological disorder and reducing these disorders of tomatoes.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in F2 Segregating Population of RNR-15048 x Dokra-dokri in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kumar Margam Bharath , Vidhyadhar B. , Fiyaz R. Abdul , Anuradha Ch. , Chary D.Srinivasa
Published: November 2024

The present experiment was conducted to study the correlation and path coefficient analysis in F2 segregating population of RNR-15048 x Dokra-Dokri taken up in augmented complete block design with two checks at ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad during the Kharif-2022. Character association of the yield attributing traits revealed significant positive association of single plant yield with plant height, panicle length, total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, panicle weight, number of filled grains per panicle, total grains per panicle, spikelet fertility and thousand grain weight. Hence, selection for these traits could be rewarding. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of productive tillers per plant, panicle weight, total grains per panicle, thousand grain weight, panicle length, total number of tillers per plant exhibited positive direct effect and also significant correlation with grain yield per plant. This suggests that the correlation is driven by indirect effects, highlighting the importance of considering these causal factors while selecting traits for yield improvement. Based on residual effect there is a moderate amount of unexplained variance in the yield traits indicating other attributes besides the characters studied are also contributing for yield improvement.
Pre and Probiotics to Postbiotics: A Changing Paradigm
Authors: Soujanya Kanneboina , Supraja T. , Manasa Challa , Das Debjani
Published: November 2024

The relationship between microbiota and human health has long been stated by Hippocrates said, “Death sits in the bowls” in 400 B.C. With recent scientific advance ments, there is a growing understanding of the significance of microbiota in health and disease. The two-way communication between the host and the microbiota involves the production of various metabolites that play crucial roles in host energy metabolism, influence nervous system function and the gut- brain axis, immune maturation and homeostasis, maintenance of mucosal integrity, treatment of metabolic disorders, anti-obesity, cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, anticancer, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. Postbiotics are inanimate microorganisms or their compounds, including short-chain fatty acids, exopolysaccharides, vitamins, teichoic acids, bacteriocins, enzymes and peptides that provide health benefits to the host. Postbiotics can be stored under normal environmental conditions, have a prolonged shelf life, easy to transport, and handle and overcome the limitations of probiotic use. As a result, postbiotics have immense potential as a safe and effective means of promoting health and well-being.
Effective Management of COVID-19 in Nigeria: Investigating the Impact of Treatment and Prevention
Authors: S.C.Nwasuka  , Osisiogu U.A. , U. Nwamuruamu Godswill
Published: November 2024

In order to examine the controllability of Covid-19, a non-linear deterministic mathematical model that takes hospitalization, treatment, and prevention strategies into account is developed and examined. The model's solution has been tested for existence, uniqueness, and positivity; the findings demonstrate that the answer is both unique and exists. The effective reproduction number (ℓ) is a threshold parameter that we found to be significant. Covid-19 can be contained and eliminated from the population in a finite amount of time if Reff <1, which indicates the existence of a disease-free equilibrium that is locally and globally asymptotically stable. If Reff > 1, on the other hand, the illness infiltrates and becomes endemic in the population.
Detection of Hemodynamic Events during the Implementation of a Novel Indigenous Tele ICU System-An Observational Study
Authors: Moturu Dharanindra , Potineni Ramesh Babu , Rayana Supriya , Jahangir Shaik , Stella  , Grandhi Kavya Sruthi , Shaik Mohammad Noor
Published: November 2024

Aim: To assess the incidence of hemodynamic events and their outcomes detected by remote monitoring of hospitalized patients during the implementation of a novel indigenous Tele-ICU system.
Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tele-ICU at Aster Ramesh Hospitals, Vijayawada, between 01-10- 2023 to 01-11- 2023.
Methodology: This observational study was conducted by monitoring 11 ICU units in 9 hospitals, of which 3 were tertiary care and 6 peripheral care centers, remotely using the hub and spoke method by intensivists from the Tele-ICU hub. The study included 209 patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and high dependency units (HDUs) admitted for various critical illnesses. Hemodynamic events like bradyarrhythmia, tachyarrhythmias- supra ventricular arrhythmias, and ventricular arrhythmias were noted. The tele-ICU hub contained audio-visual equipment with central monitoring software (CMS) which permitted monitoring of patient vitals and audio-visual feed from bedside. All the data were observed and inferred. The data was subject to descriptive analysis using cross-tabulation in IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 29.
Results: A total of 314 events were detected and reported for immediate management. The most commonly observed event was Tachycardia (30.56%) followed by Bradycardia (19.42%), Hypoxia (12.73%), non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (7.64%), and Sinus tachycardia (7%). Life-threatening events like Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and Ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurred in 9.3 % (n = 19) and 0.98% (n = 2) cases respectively. Among these cases with life-threatening rhythms (VF, VT) 19 cases were revived and 2 cases couldn’t be revived. The overall mortality rate was 6.9 % (n = 14) of which 64.3 % (n = 9) cases were due to bradycardia and 35.7 % (n = 5) cases each of Ventricular fibrillation, Ventricular tachycardia, Tachycardia, Sinus Tachycardia and Sinus Bradycardia.
Conclusion: If designed and implemented effectively, the Indigenous tele ICU system has the potential to be an effective tool for the detection of life-threatening hemodynamic events and thereby help reduce in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in tertiary and peripheral hospitals.
Studies on Path Coefficient Analysis and Correlation to Evaluate the Relationships between Yield and Its Components in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Authors: Yadav Mahaveer Prasad , Syed Mousmi , Pandey Santosh , Praveen  , Himanshu  , Yadav Yogendra , Yadav Rakesh
Published: November 2024

The present investigation was carried out for correlation and path coefficient analysis in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) The correlation of different traits with seed yield was examined both at phenotypic and genotypic levels and the study showed that genotypic correlation coefficient values were higher than the phenotypic values. This indicated that how much of phenotypic correlation coefficient are influenced by environment. The seed yield per plant was positive and significant with biological yield per plant, test weight and number of branches per plant at genotypic and phenotypic levels. The maximum direct positive effect on seed yield per plant was observed in biological yield per plant, harvest index, days to 50 per cent flowering, number of seed per pod, number of branches per plant and number of pods per plant. In the present investigation, genotypes viz., AFG-4 and RMT-303 were superior for seed yield per plant along with other traits like biological yield, test weight and number of pods per plant. These diverse genotypes can be used in future breeding programme of fenugreek.
Persistence and Dissipation Kinetics of λ-Cyhalothrin in Okra Fruits and Soil
Authors: Singh Bhupender , Gaur Ram Karan , Jakhar Anil , Chauhan Reena , Kumar Akshay
Published: November 2024

Understanding pesticide residue levels in food items and soil is crucial for ensuring food safety. In this context, a study on persistence and dissipation kinetics of λ-cyhalothrin residues in okra fruits and soil was conducted for two consecutive years. λ-cyhalothrin was applied in okra at the recommended dose (15 g a.i. ha-¹) and double dose (30 g a.i. ha-¹). Okra fruit and soil samples were collected at different intervals after second spray and the residues were estimated using GC-MS/MS. The initial residue level in okra fruits was higher at double dose and declined gradually falling below the limit of quantification (0.01 mg kg-¹) within 7 to 10 days of application. Dissipation followed first-order kinetics, with half-life of 2.17 to 2.43 days. In soil, the initial residues dropped below the limit of quantification within 3 to 5 days of application. Since the initial residue levels in both okra fruits and soil were below the corresponding EU–MRL (0.2 mg kg-1), λ-cyhalothrin can be safely used in okra cultivation.
Assessment of Soil Moisture through Climatic Variables Using Remote Sensing Data in Semi-Arid Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Hamisu Isah , Budah Abdulmumin Garba
Published: November 2024

Soil moisture availability is an indispensable requirement for not only the growth of crops but also other living organisms in any ecological settings This study determined soil moisture condition in Sokoto State using climate-based water index. Satellite-based estimations of mean monthly rainfall data was obtained from the USGS/FEWS database for each of the local government areas. Also, approximations of monthly values of minimum and maximum air temperatures (AIRS) were downloaded from the NASA website.  The latter variables were utilised in the computation of potential evapotranspiration using Hargreaves equation. It was very clear from the results that water surplus occurred in the months of July, August and September across almost all the locations. In addition, places lying in the southern part of the State such as Kebbe, Yabo, Tambuwal and Shagari recorded higher positive values of moisture availability in contrast to their counter parts in the extreme north bordering Niger republic. Thus, this study revealed slight spatio-temporal variation in soil moisture condition across the entire study area decreasing from the southern locations towards the north. Hence, the research could help improve agricultural planning and suggest irrigation during dry periods.  Consequently, the findings could offer useful insights for managing water resources and improving farming in dry areas.
Evaluation of Morphological, Physical and Functional Attributes of Agathi (Sesbania grandiflora) Leaves and Flowers
Authors: P. Yasaswini, , K. G. Vijayalaxmi,
Published: November 2024

The study aimed to characterize the morphological, physical, and functional properties of agathi (Sesbania grandiflora) leaf and flower powders, highlighting their potential for food applications. Morphological assessments revealed that agathi leaves have an edible index of 76.20 ± 0.42 % and a waste index of 23.75 ± 0.65 %, while flowers showed an edible index of 63.79 ± 0.46% and a waste index of 36.21 ± 0.54 %. Physical properties showed that leaf powder had a higher bulk density (0.36 ± 0.02 g/cm³) and tapped density (0.59 ± 0.02 g/cm³) compared to flower powder (0.29 ± 0.03 g/cm³ and 0.48 ± 0.01 g/cm³, respectively). The flowability (Carr index) was slightly better for flower powder (40.24 ± 0.01 %) than for leaf powder (39.2 ± 0.01 %). Functional properties indicated that flower powder had significantly higher water absorption capacity (597.28 ± 1.22 %) and oil absorption capacity (224.21 ± 1.56%) compared to leaf powder (315.30 ± 1.28 % and 183.16 ± 1.34 %, respectively). Flower powder also exhibited greater solubility (28.77 ± 2.66 %) versus leaf powder (12.92 ± 1.59 %). These results suggest that both agathi powders are valuable ingredients for food formulations, providing functional and nutritional benefits, and are suitable for use in developing, handling, and packaging functional food products.
Estimation of Monthly Irrigation Water Requirement of Crops Using CROPWAT
Authors: Indraja P. , Kumar H. V. Hema , Mani A. , Reddy K. V. S. Rami , Rao Ch. Sujani
Published: November 2024

Water is increasingly becoming a limited resource due to rising demands for various uses, including hydropower generation, irrigation, and domestic supply. As the population grows, the need for water across different sectors constantly increases. However, the availability of water resources is restricted both spatially and temporally. Therefore, there is an urgent need for systematic and scientific planning to ensure its optimal use. Agriculture sector being the major consumer of water resources, the adoption of modern irrigation techniques can significantly reduce water consumption and promote water conservation. This advancement will expand the irrigated areas and ultimately lead to increased agricultural productivity. Irrigation water requirements of major crops, namely, Paddy, maize, sugarcane etc. are determined using the CROPWAT model. The present study aimed to find out the irrigation water requirement for the major crops grown in Krishna Central Delta, Andhra Pradesh. Results revealed that irrigation water requirement for kharif season ranges from 89-475 mm and in rabi season varies from 320-821 mm. For sugarcane irrigation water requirement was found to be 927 mm.
Morpho-molecular Genetic Diversity Analysis of Basmati and Non-basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm
Authors: J Lokesh , Gangwar L K , Chand Pooran , E Premnath , Kumar Soyal , Vikranth
Published: November 2024

This study evaluated genetic variability and relatedness among 34 rice genotypes, encompassing basmati and non-basmati varieties using morphological and molecular data. The findings revealed significant variability across all traits assessed. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation (PCV and GCV) were observed for traits such as days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, biological yield, grain yield, test weight, flag leaf length, and number of effective tillers. Notably, high heritability and genetic advance indicated that these traits are likely influenced by additive gene effects, making them suitable for selection in breeding programs. D2 analysis confirmed substantial genetic diversity among the genotypes and five clusters were formed based on the morphological data. Molecular analysis using 13 SSR primers, out of 13 primers 11 primers are showed the banding pattern, with the highest polymorphism information content (PIC) value recorded at 0.79 for marker HvSSR04-46. Clustering based on Jaccard’s dissimilarity coefficient revealed two distinct clusters. Based on the dendrogram pattern molecular data is divided into two clusters, cluster I and Cluster II, cluster I is subdivided into Cluster Ia and Cluster Ib. This research was conducted at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agricultural & Technology, Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, highlights the potential for selecting diverse rice genotypes to enhance breeding programs.
Redes do comércio atlântico de escravizados entre Paraíba, Itamaracá e Pernambuco (1700-1750)
Authors: Silveira Guimarães Matheus
Published: November 2024

A primeira metade do século XVIII foi um período de importantes mudanças na economia do Brasil. Por um lado, ocorreu um forte crescimento do comércio atlântico de escravizados, sobretudo devido à descoberta de minas de ouro. Por outro lado, as Capitanias do Norte tentavam sair de uma crise na produção açucareira. Diante do novo contexto, o tráfico atlântico de escravizados mostrou-se como uma possibilidade de ganho para senhores e comerciantes de capitanias como Paraíba e Itamaracá, que passaram a estabelecer alianças e conflitos, para acessar esse mercado, com os agentes mercantis de Pernambuco, principal centro de desembarque de africanos da região. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar como ocorria o comércio atlântico de escravizados para as Capitanias do Norte na primeira metade do século XVIII, dando destaque às alianças e conflitos entre seus comerciantes, tema este ainda pouco explorado pela historiografia.
Agenciamento negro e a transnacionalização da capoeira
Authors: A. Pereira Roberto Augusto
Published: November 2024

A partir do caso da Jamaica, o artigo discute a transnacionalização da capoeira, utilizando como parâmetro de comparação a chegada da prática à Europa e aos Estados Unidos. Analisa ainda de que forma a transnacionalizaçao dessa prática, levada a cabo por seus próprios detentores, refuta a concepção de que a cultura negra foi “apropriada” pelas “elites”, pelo Estado ou pela “burguesia”. Partindo da análise da trajetória de um capoeira alemão, Dennis Eckart, o artigo corrobora, por sua vez, a tese de que a capoeira, assim como outros elementos da cultura afro-brasileira, se transformou de símbolos étnicos em símbolos da brasilidade, entre outros fatores, como resultado do agenciamento da própria comunidade negra.
mulheres “chaves do destino” no romance Segú, de Maryse Condé
Authors: Ribard Franck , Rodrigues do Nascimento Maria Yasmim
Published: November 2024

A história do Reino de Segu, no atual Mali, durante o século XIX, aponta para um contexto complexo: a pressão renovada do Islã, que já tinha sido rechaçada desde tempos longínquos, se fez drástica nesse período e sob as ordens do toucouleur El-Hadj Omar, colocando o conflito no seio mesmo das famílias habitantes de Segu. Ainda mais, franceses, brancos e católicos, a partir das suas bases no Senegal, se projetam no Rio Niger, atrás do controle de novos domínios e de populações a escravizar. Esse panorama é trabalhado por Maryse Condé no seu romance Segu, no qual acompanha a saga de quatro gerações de descendentes do nobre bambara Dousika Traoré, próximo do (rei) Mansa. Interessa-nos aqui, em particular e à luz das características da autora, analisar alguns perfis e trajetórias de mulheres consideradas como “chaves do destino” e que, de formas diversas, se recusam a aceitar a ordem tradicional.
Mulheres negras na formação da economia cacaueira de Ilhéus (BA)
Authors: Loyola de Andrade Marcelo
Published: November 2024

O artigo analisa as mulheres escravizadas no município de Ilhéus, sul da Bahia, entre 1850 e 1888, período de expansão da lavoura cacaueira. A proposta é investigar as atividades em que tais mulheres estavam inseridas, as condições familiares e os desafios que enfrentaram durante a escravidão. As fontes principais são inventários post mortem e o Livro de classificação dos escravos para libertação pelo fundo de emancipação, que reúnem informações relevantes acerca do tema. Além de executarem serviços importantes no eito, nos espaços urbanos e domésticos, as mulheres podiam gerar filhos, fator considerável para os escravistas da época, sobretudo após o fim do tráfico atlântico de africanos, em 1850. Nessa conjuntura, as mulheres escravizadas em Ilhéus contribuíram para o desenvolvimento da economia cacaueira e reagiram de diversas formas aos imperativos da escravidão.
Islã no Atlântico Negro
Authors: Earl Castillo Lisa , Mann Kristin
Published: November 2024

Os estudos sobre os retornados ou agudás tendem a privilegiar o papel do catolicismo como marca identitária desse grupo. O envolvimento no islã é geralmente tratado como uma questão periférica, apesar de sua incontestável importância em impulsionar a mais intensa fase de retorno, logo depois do Levante dos Malês (1835). O presente texto examina a presença de retornados muçulmanos em Lagos, onde uma comunidade agudá consolidou-se a partir dos anos 1850. A partir de detalhada pesquisa documental e etnográfica, tomamos como estudo de caso a trajetória de Saliu Salvador Ramos das Neves, fundador de uma das mesquitas brasileiras mais antigas de Lagos. A primeira parte do texto analisa sua vida na Bahia, onde ele testemunhou a Revolta dos Malês, alforriou-se e formou uma família com quem embarcou para Lagos em 1857. A segunda parte examina a trajetória da família em Lagos, com atenção especial para o período formativo do bairro brasileiro e do crescimento do islã agudá. Finalmente, o texto reflete sobre os continuados contatos afetivos e comerciais da família com a Bahia, em relação ao vaivém atlântico de outros retornados muçulmanos na segunda metade do século XIX. As evidências apresentadas demostram a existência de um importante componente muçulmano na dinâmica do Atlântico Negro.
Entre Grilhões e Contratos
Authors: Gonçalves Paulo Cesar
Published: November 2024

O trabalho sob contrato tornou-se importante estratégia para obtenção de trabalhadores precarizados ao longo do século XIX à sombra do escravismo, provocando o deslocamento de contingentes populacionais significativos. No contexto do pós-abolição da escravidão colonial francesa e da proibição do comércio de escravizados, este artigo analisa o tráfico de trabalhadores engajados de Moçambique para a Ilha Reunião através do caso da barca Alfred, considerando a geopolítica imperialista no mundo do Oceano Índico e na África oriental, a pressão inglesa contra esse tipo de tráfico, a intensificação da demanda por mão de obra a baixo custo nas regiões tropicais do globo e a agência dos engajados.
Trajetórias individuais e a complexidade do passado escravista
Authors: Rodrigues Jaime
Published: November 2024

Resenha de:
PARÉS, Luis Nicolau. Joaquim de Almeida: a história do africano traficadoque se tonou traficante de africanos. São Paulo: Cia. das Letras, 2023. 430 p.
Mães africanas, filhas brasileiras
Authors: Telles Lorena Féres da Silva
Published: November 2024

Resenha de:
Jane-Marie Collins. Emancipatory Narratives & Enslaved Motherhood: Bahia, Brazil, 1830-1888. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2023. 440 p.
Escravizados e seus descendentes
Authors: Costa Alex Andrade
Published: November 2024

Resenha de:
SANTOS, Cristiane Batista da Silva. Histórias de africanos e seus descendentes no sul da Bahia. Feira de Santana, BA: UEFS Editora; Ilhéus, BA: Editus, 2022. 390 p
Histórias afro-argentinas
Authors: Lima Henrique Espada
Published: November 2024

Resenha de:
ALBERTO, Paulina L. Black Legend. The Many Lives of Raúl Grigera and the Power of Racial Storytelling in Argentina, Cambridge (Mas.): Cambridge University Press, 2022. 410 p.
rota do indivíduo
Authors: Bezerra Suzana Iris
Published: November 2024

Resenha de:
COSTA, Iraneidson Santos Costa. A Bahia já deu régua e compasso: medicina legal, raça e criminalidade na Bahia (1890-1940). Salvador: EDUFBA, 2023. 357p.
Em torno da África
Authors: Mota Isadora Moura
Published: November 2024

Resenha de:
REBOUÇAS, André. Cartas da África: registro de correspondência, 1891-1893, organização Hebe Mattos, São Paulo: Chão Editora, 2022. 464 p.
paz é perigosa
Authors: Du Bois W. E. B. , Lisboa (tradução) Mateus
Published: November 2024

Tradução de:
W. E. B. Du Bois, “Peace is Dangerous”, National Guardian, New York, 1951.
Progress on the Critical Parameters for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries to be Practically Viable
Authors: Chung Sheng‐Heng , Chang Chi‐Hao , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: May 2018

Lithium–sulfur batteries have great potential to satisfy the increasing demand of energy storage systems for portable devices, electric vehicles, and grid storage because of their extremely high specific capacity, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. In spite of all these merits, the practical utilization of lithium–sulfur batteries is impeded by commonly known challenges, such as low sulfur utilization (<80%), short life (<200 cycles), fast capacity fade, and severe self‐discharge effect, which mainly result from the i) low conductivity of the active material, ii) serious polysulfide shuttling, iii) large volume changes, and iv) lithium–metal anode contamination/corrosion. Numerous approaches are reported to effectively mitigate these issues. Indeed, such approaches have shown enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performances. However, many reports overlook the critical parameters, including sulfur loading (<13 mg cm−2), sulfur content (<70 wt%), and electrolyte/sulfur ratio (>11 µL mg−1), that significantly affect the analyzed electrochemical characteristics, energy density, and practicality of lithium–sulfur batteries. This review highlights the trends and progress in making cells fulfilling these fabrication parameters and discuss the challenges of the amount of sulfur and electrolyte in fabricating cells with practically necessary parameters and with high electrochemical utilization and efficiency.
Graphene Actively Mode‐Locked Lasers
Authors: Bogusławski Jakub , Wang Yadong , Xue Hui , Yang Xiaoxia , Mao Dong , Gan Xuetao , Ren Zhaoyu , Zhao Jianlin , Dai Qing , Soboń Grzegorz , Sotor Jarosław , Sun Zhipei
Published: May 2018

Actively mode‐locked lasers offer varying degrees of flexibility for a wider range of applications than their passively modulated counterparts, due to their capability for electrically controlled ultrahigh repetition rate operation. Graphene based electrooptic modulators with unique advantages of broad operation bandwidth and ultrafast speed are suitable for light modulation in various optoelectronic applications. Here, an actively mode‐locked laser with a graphene based electrooptic modulator is reported for the first time. The active mode‐locking technique combined together with the intracavity nonlinear pulse shortening effect allows the generation of transform‐limited 1.44 ps pulses with pulse energy of 844 pJ. The electrically controlled repetition rate of generated pulses, a key performance advantage of active mode‐locking, is also demonstrated. These results provide a practical and effective approach for actively mode‐locked lasers with broad operation bandwidth and compact footprint, which contributes a new way for applications of two‐dimensional (2D) layered materials in ultrafast lasers.
Precise Patterning of Laterally Stacked Organic Microbelt Heterojunction Arrays by Surface‐Energy‐Controlled Stepwise Crystallization for Ambipolar Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Mao Jian , Deng Wei , Xu Xiuzhen , Huang Liming , Zhang Xiaohong , Lee Shuit‐Tong , Jie Jiansheng
Published: May 2018

Ambipolar organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) combining single‐crystalline p‐ and n‐type organic micro/nanocrystals have demonstrated superior performance to their amorphous or polycrystalline thin‐film counterparts. However, large‐area alignment and precise patterning of organic micro/nanocrystals for ambipolar OFETs remain challenges. Here, a surface‐energy‐controlled stepwise crystallization (SECSC) method is reported for large‐scale, aligned, and precise patterning of single‐crystalline laterally stacked p–n heterojunction microbelt (MB) arrays. In this method, the p‐ and n‐type organic crystals are precipitated via a stepwise process: first, the lateral sides of prepatterned photoresist stripes provide high‐surface‐energy sites to guide the aligned growth of p‐type organic crystals. Next, the formed p‐type crystals serve as new high‐surface‐energy positions to induce the crystallization of n‐type organic molecules at their sides, thus leading to the formation of laterally stacked p–n microbelts. Ambipolar OFETs based on the p–n heterojunction MB arrays exhibit balanced hole and electron mobilities of 0.32 and 0.43 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, enabling the fabrication of complementary‐like inverters with large voltage gains. This work paves the way toward rational design and construction of single‐crystalline organic p–n heterojunction arrays for high‐performance organic, integrated circuits.
Rational Design and General Synthesis of S‐Doped Hard Carbon with Tunable Doping Sites toward Excellent Na‐Ion Storage Performance
Authors: Hong Zhensheng , Zhen Yichao , Ruan Yurong , Kang Meiling , Zhou Kaiqiang , Zhang Jian‐Min , Huang Zhigao , Wei Mingdeng
Published: May 2018

Heteroatom‐doping is a promising strategy to tuning the microstructure of carbon material toward improved electrochemical storage performance. However, it is a big challenge to control the doping sites for heteroatom‐doping and the rational design of doping is urgently needed. Herein, S doping sites and the influence of interlayer spacing for two kinds of hard carbon, perfect structure and vacancy defect structure, are explored by the first‐principles method. S prefers doping in the interlayer for the former with interlayer distance of 3.997 Å, while S is doped on the carbon layer for the latter with interlayer distance of 3.695 Å. More importantly, one step molten salts method is developed as a universal synthetic strategy to fabricate hard carbon with tunable microstructure. It is demonstrated by the experimental results that S‐doping hard carbon with fewer pores exhibits a larger interlayer spacing than that of porous carbon, agreeing well with the theoretical prediction. Furthermore, the S‐doping carbon with larger interlayer distance and fewer pores exhibits remarkably large reversible capacity, excellent rate performance, and long‐term cycling stability for Na‐ion storage. A stable and reversible capacity of ≈200 mAh g−1 is steadily kept even after 4000 cycles at 1 A g−1.
Synthesis of Carbon–Nitrogen–Phosphorous Materials with an Unprecedented High Amount of Phosphorous toward an Efficient Fire‐Retardant Material
Authors: Zhang Wenyao , Barrio Jesús , Gervais Christel , Kocjan Andraž , Yu Aiping , Wang Xin , Shalom Menny
Published: May 2018

Phosphorus incorporation into carbon can greatly modify its chemical, electronic, and thermal stability properties. To date this has been limited to low levels of phosphorus. Now a simple, large‐scale synthesis of carbon–nitrogen–phosphorus (CNP) materials is reported with tunable elemental composition, leading to excellent thermal stability to oxidation and fire‐retardant properties. The synthesis consists of using monomers that are liquid at high temperatures as the reaction precursors. The molten‐state stage leads to good monomer miscibility and enhanced reactivity at high temperatures and formation of CNP materials with up to 32 wt % phosphorus incorporation. The CNP composition and fire‐retardant properties can be tuned by modifying the starting monomers ratio and the final calcination temperature. The CNP materials demonstrate great resistance to oxidation and excellent fire‐retardant properties, with up to 90 % of the materials preserved upon heating to 800 °C in air.
Total Synthesis of the Nonribosomal Peptide Surugamide B and Identification of a New Offloading Cyclase Family
Authors: Kuranaga Takefumi , Matsuda Kenichi , Sano Ayae , Kobayashi Masakazu , Ninomiya Akihiro , Takada Kentaro , Matsunaga Shigeki , Wakimoto Toshiyuki
Published: May 2018

The cathepsin B inhibitor surugamide B (2), along with structurally related derivatives (A and C–E), has previously been isolated from the marine actinomycete Streptomyces sp. JAMM992. The biosynthetic genes are unexpectedly part of a cluster of four non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes, two of which are responsible for the biosynthesis of the additional linear decapeptide surugamide F. However, the thioesterase domain required for the later stage of the biosynthesis of the cyclic peptides surugamides A–E is not present in any module architecture of the surugamide NRPSs. Herein, we report the first total synthesis of surugamide B (2) through the macrocyclization at the biomimetic position, which not only alleviated the Cα epimerization in the macrolactamization process, but also efficiently provided 2 in 34 % yield for 18 steps. Furthermore, both the chemical and enzymatic studies with the biosynthetic precursor mimics revealed that the stand‐alone enzyme SurE, which belongs to the penicillin‐binding protein family, is responsible for macrocyclization of the tethered octapeptidyl intermediate.
Amorphizing of Ag Nanoparticles under Bioinspired One‐step Assembly of Fe3O4‐Ag/rGO Hybrids via Self‐redox Process with Enhanced Activity
Authors: Zhao Songfang , Jiang Haobo , Li Jinhui , Meng Xiangying , Chao Tianyu , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Peng , Gao Yongju , Cao Duxia
Published: May 2018

Efficient and reusable nanocatalysts fabricated via a facile assembly are highly desirable for the cost‐effective hydrogenation reduction. Inspired by a fishing process with a fishnet, multifunctional nanostructured catalysts are rationally designed to combine interesting features via the self‐redox assembly of Fe3O4‐Ag composites on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (Fe3O4‐Ag/rGO). In detail, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) endow the ternary hybrids with superparamagnetism (21.42 emu g−1), facilitating catalysts to be separated from the reaction system. rGO could provide electron transfer pathways, enhancing catalytic activity. More interestingly, GO and Ag+ could behave as oxidants to oxidize Fe2+ for the in situ assembly of Fe3O4‐Ag/rGO without any addition of reductant/oxidant or organic solvents, and AgNPs endow the ternary hybrids with excellent catalytic behaviour. Meaningfully, the bioinspired process enables the ternary hybrids to possess more abundant micro−/nanopores, larger surface area, and more amorphization. They exhibit exceptional catalytic performance, and could be recycled with excellent activity by means of convenient magnetic separation (at least 7 times). Moreover, the ternary hybrids could degrade methylene blue under UV light due to different valence states of Fe in Fe3O4. Therefore, the proposed bioinspired assembly and structure design for hierarchical catalysts would pave a promising way to assemble other catalysts.
Mesoporous Co3O4 Nanobundle Electrocatalysts
Authors: Narendra Kumar Alam Venugopal , Li Yinghao , Yin Shuli , Li Chunjie , Xue Hairong , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Hongjing , Wang Liang
Published: May 2018

Tailoring metal oxide nanostructures with mesoporous architectures is vital to improve their electrocatalytic performance. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of 2D mesoporous Co3O4 (meso‐Co3O4) nanobundles with uniform shape and size by employing a hard‐template method. In this study, the incipient wetness impregnation technique has been chosen for loading metal precursor into the silica hard template (SBA‐15). The results reveal that the concentration of a saturated precursor solution plays a vital role in mesostructured ordering, as well as the size and shape of the final meso‐Co3O4 product. The optimized precursor concentration allows us to synthesize ordered meso‐Co3O4 with four to seven nanowires in each particle. The meso‐Co3O4 structure exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity for both glucose and water oxidation reactions.
Nonparametric evaluation of the first passage time of degradation processes
Authors: Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy , Qin Chengwei
Published: May 2018

This paper discusses a nonparametric method to approximate the first passage time (FPT) distribution of the degradation processes incorporating random effects if the process type is unknown. The FPT of a degradation process is unnecessarily observed since its density function can be approximated by inverting the empirical Laplace transform using the empirical saddlepoint method. The empirical Laplace transform is composed of the measured increments of the degradation processes. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the approximated FPT is compared with the theoretical FPT assuming a true underlying process. The nonparametric method discussed in this paper is shown to possess the comparatively small relative errors in the simulation study and performs well to capture the heterogeneity in the practical data analysis. To justify the fitting results, the goodness‐of‐fit tests including Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test and Cramér‐von Mises test are conducted, and subsequently, a bootstrap confidence interval is constructed in terms of the 90th percentile of the FPT distribution.