bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peer socialization processes in the development of callous-unemotional traits
Authors: Perhamus Gretchen R. , Ostrov Jamie M.
Published: December 2024

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits represent a risk factor for persistent, severe levels of externalizing problems. Irritability may predict the development of CU traits for some individuals, who are thought to acquire them in reaction to negative environmental experiences. Models on the development of CU traits have emphasized the socializing role of harsh parenting to the neglect of negative peer experiences. The present study 1) tested primary and alternative models of physical and relational peer victimization as socialization agents in relations between irritability and CU traits; and 2) considered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis functioning as a moderator of these associations. Gender moderation was also considered. Aims were tested from middle childhood to adolescence using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, which includes a large national sample (N = 1,077) and multiple methods and informants for the constructs of interest. Positive associations between irritability, peer victimization, and CU traits were supported, with indirect effects on CU traits supported specifically from peer victimization through increases in irritability. Associations between relational victimization, irritability, and CU traits may be particularly salient for females, whose experiences have been neglected to date. However, effects were small, and replication efforts are needed.
‘Il paese dei campanili’: On the Origins of Italian Operetta
Authors: Oliva Elena
Published: December 2024

Operetta, with its well-structured production systems, constituted a dynamic sphere of activity that stretched across Unified Italy. This activity was rarely acknowledged by the representatives of so-called ‘high culture’, even as it stimulated the growth of the social structures that would later give rise to cinema and other forms of mass entertainment. Though in recent years scholars have focused on the foreign influences on light music theatre in Italy in the years following Italian unification, little attention has been bestowed on Italian operetta. This article concentrates on the origins of this genre, offering a detailed analysis of the dialect theatre tradition from which the first French-style operetta productions in Italy emerged. Specifically, I examine the urban contexts of Milan and above all Rome, a city of crucial importance in the diffusion of operetta in dialect, whose highly local (even parochial) connotations would exert a significant influence on the formal, social and cultural evolution of operetta right up to the turn of the century.
A rightful condition for Europe
Authors: Eriksen Erik O.
Published: December 2024

In Europe, the integration process has domesticated international relations, safeguarded member-states’ democracies, and enabled collective action and supranational problem-solving. It has brought about the European Union (EU) and a democratic ‘surplus’. How has this been possible when the binding effect of EU law is grounded neither in the sovereign’s monopoly on power at the European level nor in the final decision-making authority of the EU? An answer to this puzzle is found in the fact that a public coercive framework has been established, which aims at solving the indeterminacy and assurance problems facing international cooperation. The enabling condition of sovereignty is replaced by those of co-legislation and a binding judicial process. The latter creates reasons for deference to legitimate authority and hence a compliance condition. However, since the Union falls short of meeting certain democratic standards, oversteps competences, and is plagued with inertia, there is a call for constitutional reform.
Design, modeling, and preliminary evaluation of a simple wrist-hand stretching orthosis for neurologically impaired patients
Authors: Ledoux Elissa D. , Kumar Nithin S. , Barth Eric J.
Published: December 2024

This work studies upper-limb impairment resulting from stroke or traumatic brain injury and presents a simple technological solution for a subset of patients: a soft, active stretching aid for at-home use. To better understand the issues associated with existing associated rehabilitation devices, customer discovery conversations were conducted with 153 people in the healthcare ecosystem (60 patients, 30 caregivers, and 63 medical providers). These patients fell into two populations: spastic (stiff, clenched hands) and flaccid (limp hands). Focusing on the first category, a set of design constraints was developed based on the information collected from the customer discovery. With these constraints in mind, a powered wrist-hand stretching orthosis (exoskeleton) was designed and prototyped as a preclinical study (T0 basic science research) to aid in recovery. The orthosis was tested on two patients for proof-of-concept, one survivor of stroke and one of traumatic brain injury. The prototype was able to consistently open both patients’ hands. A mathematical model was developed to characterize joint stiffness based on experimental testing. Donning and doffing times for the prototype averaged 76 and 12.5 s, respectively, for each subject unassisted. This compared favorably to times shown in the literature. This device benefits from simple construction and low-cost materials and is envisioned to become a therapy device accessible to patients in the home. This work lays the foundation for phase 1 clinical trials and further device development.
Teleseismic Full‐Waveform Tomography Based on a 3D FK‐LTSOS Hybrid Method for Local Imaging
Authors: Meng Weijuan , Yang Dinghui , Chen Ling , Dong Xingpeng , Xu Xiaobing , Huang Jiandong
Published: December 2024

Teleseismic waveforms contain abundant interpretable information about Earth's properties. They can be used to explore the refined structure of Earth's interior, especially in the regions with imbalanced spatial distribution of seismic activity. However, it's technically infeasible to numerically simulate high‐frequency (>1 Hz) teleseismic wave propagation within a whole domain iteratively in full‐waveform inversion due to its vast computational costs. We develop a 3D FK‐LTSOS (Frequency‐Wavenumber, Layered Time‐Space Optimized Symplectic) hybrid method and then apply it to teleseismic full‐waveform tomography to tackle this computational challenge. The 3D FK‐LTSOS hybrid method combines the semi‐analytical solution computed by the FK method rapidly in a 1D background model and the numerical solution calculated by the 3D LTSOS method accurately in 3D localized heterogeneous media with topography to simulate teleseismic wave propagation efficiently and accurately. The comparison of synthetic seismograms shows its accuracy and stability when simulating wave propagation in the topographic model. Based on this hybrid method, the teleseismic full‐waveform tomographic method is developed to efficiently resolve the detailed structure of the local research domain utilizing high‐frequency teleseismic data. The essential contents of full‐waveform tomography are presented, including misfit function, Fréchet kernels, smoothing strategy, and nonlinear conjugate gradient method. Synthetic data application for spherical anomaly models with planer surface and Gaussian topography, and observed data application for the crust‐upper mantle structure beneath eastern Tibet confirm the validity of the teleseismic full‐waveform tomography and demonstrate that our tomographic method can image the localized structures speedily from full‐waveform information.
Surrogate endpoints in mature B-cell neoplasms – meaningful or misleading?
Authors: Simon Florian , Al-Sawaf Othman , Seymour John F. , Eichhorst Barbara
Published: December 2024

Indolent mature B-cell neoplasms are a group of diseases in which recent therapeutic advances have led to an improved overall survival (OS) extending beyond several years. While cause of celebration for patients and caregivers, the increasingly long observation periods necessary to capture treatment effects are complicating trial design and possibly hindering swift access to more effective therapies. Surrogate endpoints are a tool with the potential of earlier study readouts, however, their validity needs to be proven in each individual disease and therapeutic setting. The validation of surrogate endpoints and available data for mature B-cell neoplasms are discussed within this perspective article, followed by an outlook on the potential of precise tools such as measurable residual disease assessment as novel surrogate candidates.
Relationship between network topology and negative electrode properties in Wadsley–Roth phase TiNb2O7
Authors: Kitamura Naoto , Matsubara Hikari , Kimura Koji , Obayashi Ippei , Onodera Yohei , Nakashima Ken , Morita Hidetoshi , Shiga Motoki , Harada Yasuhiro , Ishibashi Chiaki , Idemoto Yasushi , Hayashi Koichi
Published: December 2024

Wadsley–Roth phase TiNb2O7, with an octahedral network consisting of TiO6 and NbO6, has attracted significant attention as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries in recent years owing to its excellent safety and high discharge capacity. In this work, we investigated the effect of the network structure (intermediate-range structure), which is considered to form Li+ conduction pathways, on the electrode properties of TiNb2O7. To this end, we prepared TiNb2O7 samples with different charge/discharge properties and generated atomic configurations that simultaneously reproduce both total scattering and Bragg profile data. Topological analyses based on persistent homology demonstrated that the network disorder hidden in the average structure (crystal structure) significantly degrades the negative electrode properties. In conclusion, controlling the network topology is considered the key to improving the negative electrode properties of TiNb2O7.
A unified framework for diagnostic test development and evaluation during outbreaks of emerging infections
Authors: Chaturvedi Madhav , Köster Denise , Bossuyt Patrick M. , Gerke Oke , Jurke Annette , Kretzschmar Mirjam E. , Lütgehetmann Marc , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Reitsma Johannes B. , Schneiderhan-Marra Nicole , Siebert Uwe , Stekly Carina , Ehret Christoph , Rübsamen Nicole , Karch André , Zapf Antonia
Published: December 2024

Evaluating diagnostic test accuracy during epidemics is difficult due to an urgent need for test availability, changing disease prevalence and pathogen characteristics, and constantly evolving testing aims and applications. Based on lessons learned during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we introduce a framework for rapid diagnostic test development, evaluation, and validation during outbreaks of emerging infections. The framework is based on the feedback loop between test accuracy evaluation, modelling studies for public health decision-making, and impact of public health interventions. We suggest that building on this feedback loop can help future diagnostic test evaluation platforms better address the requirements of both patient care and public health.
Synergistically stabilized SAPO-37-tetragonal zirconia composites: a promising catalyst for ethyl levulinate synthesis
Authors: Shabana K. Khadheejath , Narendranath Soumya B. , Nimisha N. P. , Sakthivel A.
Published: December 2024

The SAPO-37-tetragonal zirconia composite was synergistically stabilized and found to be efficient in synthesizing ethyl levulinate from furfuryl alcohol.
Isolation and characterization of a new polyoxometalate ligand, H3SbW14O5010−, and its interactions with f-elements
Authors: Colliard Ian , Deblonde Gauthier J.-P.
Published: December 2024

We report the synthesis and characterization of Cs10H3SbW14O50·6H2O, which contains a new polyoxometalate building block: H3SbW14O5010− (SbW14). Its interactions in solution with lanthanides (Nd3+, Eu3+) and actinides (Am3+, Cm3+) are also studied.
Rapid co-reduction synthesis of ultrafine multi-principal element alloy nanocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Jiang Yongjun , Zhu Yuankai , Jia Yanyan , Dai Sheng
Published: December 2024

A rapid co-reduction strategy was developed for the synthesis of ultrafine and composition-tunable multi-principal element alloy nanoparticles. The as-synthesized RuPtIrSnCu/C catalyst showed improved hydrogen evolution reaction performance.
Identification of novel tau positron emission tomography tracers for chronic traumatic encephalopathy by comprehensive in silico screening and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Qi Bote , Guan Lulu , Tan Jingwang , Li Gengchen , Sun Yunxiang , Zhang Qingwen , Zou Yu
Published: December 2024

This study identifies novel tau PET tracers for CTE via comprehensive in silico screening and molecular dynamics simulation.
Ab initio Auger spectrum of the ultrafast dissociating 2p3/2−1σ* resonance in HCl
Authors: Hrast Mateja , Ljubotina Marko , Žitnik Matjaž
Published: December 2024

We present an ab initio theoretical method to calculate the resonant Auger spectrum in the presence of ultrafast dissociation. We include the variation of Auger decay rates with molecular geometry and a quantum-mechanical description of dissociation.
The influence of size, metal loading and oxygen vacancies on the catalytic performance of Au/CeO2−x in the sunlight-powered reverse water gas shift reaction
Authors: Volders Jordi , Bossier Sander , Stulens Sander , Joos Bjorn , Vranken Thomas , Sastre Francesc , D'Haen Jan , Elen Ken , Verheijen Marcel A. , Cool Pegie , Hardy An , Buskens Pascal , Van Bael Marlies K.
Published: December 2024

This study reports the conversion of CO2 and H2 to CO and H2O at low temperature and low pressure (up to 203 °C, p = 3.5 bar) using plasmonic Au/CeO2−x photocatalysts, with mildly concentrated sunlight as the sole energy source (up to 9 kW m−2).
Spin coherence phenomena of an S = 1/2 copper(ii) system in a polyoxometalate with a less-abundant nuclear spin
Authors: Ishizaki Toshiharu , Asada Mizue , Nakamura Toshikazu , Ozeki Tomoji
Published: December 2024

The spin coherence phenomena of a system consisting of a mononuclear 3d transition metal S = 1/2 centre embedded in a polyoxometalate with low nuclear-spin abundance, [(n-C4H9)4N]4H2[SiW11O39Cu0.01Zn0.99], have been revealed for the first time.
Evaluation of three solvent-based recycling pathways for circular polypropylene
Authors: Caudle Benjamin , Nguyen Thuy T. H. , Kataoka Sho
Published: December 2024

Three solvent-based processes for recycling polypropylene are rigorously modeled and analyzed in terms of economic performance and CO2 emissions. The environmental impacts are subsequently compared with alternative methods of polypropylene disposal.
Continuous-flow chemo-enzymatic gram-scale synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid
Authors: Mapinta Sippakorn , Kongjaroon Sirus , Trisrivirat Duangthip , Kesornpun Chatchai , Wu Jie , Chaiyen Pimchai , Weeranoppanant Nopphon
Published: December 2024

In this work, a chemo-enzymatic reaction was developed to synthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in a continuous flow mode.
Correction: Distal renal tubular system-on-a-chip for studying the pathogenesis of influenza A virus-induced kidney injury
Authors: Huangfu Yueyue , Wang Ji , Feng Jiao , Zhang Zhi-Ling
Published: December 2024

Correction for ‘Distal renal tubular system-on-a-chip for studying the pathogenesis of influenza A virus-induced kidney injury’ by Yueyue Huangfu et al., Lab Chip, 2023, 23, 4255–4264, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3LC00616F
Flexibility index: a general descriptor of polarization ability in crystalline materials
Authors: Chen Qin , Jiang Xingxing , Lin Zheshuai
Published: December 2024

The flexibility index, previously proposed to clarify the structural origin of second-order nonlinear optical responses, is demonstrated to be a general descriptor to characterize polarizability-relevant properties.
[3 + 2] cycloaddition between cyclic diaryl λ3-bromanes and nitrones towards the formation of dihydrobenzisoxazoles and an evaluation of regioisomeric bioactivity
Authors: Fan Jing-Yi , Wang Ming-Chuan , Zhou Jian-Feng , Gan Tong-Qi , Zhang Wan-Xuan , Wei Lin , Li Bin-Jie
Published: December 2024

The [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between cyclic diaryl λ3-bromanes as aryne precursors and nitrones towards the formation of dihydrobenzisoxazoles is reported.
Nanocarriers for intracellular delivery of molecular payloads triggered by visible light
Authors: Kanojiya Ashutosh , Terglane Julian , Gerke Volker , Ravoo Bart Jan
Published: December 2024

Green light for payload release: self-assembled nanocontainers release their contents upon exposure to visible light.
Pyrolysis of waste plastics for alternative fuel: a review of key factors
Authors: Yaqoob Haseeb , Ali Hafiz Muhammad , Khalid Umair
Published: December 2024

Plastic is a threat to the environment since it does not biodegrade, but it also has the potential to become a substantial resource to produce alternative energy sources, creating a multibillion-dollar untapped market.
Efficient soft-chemical synthesis of large van-der-Waals crystals of the room-temperature ferromagnet 1T-CrTe2
Authors: Röseler Kai D. , Witteveen Catherine , Besnard Céline , Pomjakushin Vladimir , Jeschke Harald O. , von Rohr Fabian O.
Published: December 2024

We herein report on a fast and convenient soft-chemical synthesis approach towards large 1T-CrTe2 van-der-Waals crystals.
Formation of lattice vacancies and their effects on lithium-ion transport in LiBO2 crystals: comparative ab initio studies
Authors: Ziemke Carson D. , Nguyen Ha M. , Amaya-Roncancio Sebastián , Gahl John , Xing Yangchuan , Heitmann Thomas W. , Wexler Carlos
Published: December 2024

In this work, comparative ab initio studies showed that boron vacancies in LiBO2 enhance its lithium-ion transport, suggesting that generation of boron vacancies (e.g., using neutron irradiation) could improve its ionic conductivity.
Stabilizing *CO intermediate on nitrogen-doped carbon-coated CuxOy derived from metal–organic framework for enhanced electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene
Authors: Zhang Na , Zhang Yunlong
Published: December 2024

A nitrogen-doped carbon-coated CuxOy catalyst derived from metal–organic framework exhibits excellent performance toward electrochemical CO2 to ethylene through stabilizing the *CO intermediate.
The synergistic effect of Ni and WO2 effectively boosts the electrochemical reduction of nitrite to ammonia
Authors: Qiu Hang , Chen Qiuyue , Zhang Jing , An Xuguang , Liu Qian , Xie Lisi , Yao Weitang , Kong Qingquan
Published: December 2024

Ni nanoparticles deposited on the WO2 polyhedron self-supported Ni foam (Ni@WO2/NF) acts as an efficient electrocatalyst for selective NO2− reduction to NH3, offering an NH3 yield rate of ∼17 959.3 μg h−1 cm−2 and a faradaic efficiency of ∼94.6%.
Enhanced electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction on a three-dimensional Cu3P/SnP@CF catalyst through a multi-site synergistic effect between the heterointerface and phosphorus vacancies
Authors: Guo Chaofan , Yang Suyi , Wei Liting , Su Jinzhan , Guo Liejin
Published: December 2024

An interesting multi-site tandem synergistic effect was observed, in which phosphorus vacancies increase the N2 adsorption rate, and then, the Cu3P/SnP@CF heterojunction lowers the energy barrier of rate-limiting hydrogenation reactions of the NRR.
Solar hydrogen production via a Z-scheme water splitting system based solely on perovskite-type tantalum oxynitrides
Authors: Li Wenpeng , Hirako Akio , Sekimori Shuji , Galvão Rhauane Almeida , Nakabayashi Mamiko , Wang Faze , Hisatomi Takashi , Domen Kazunari
Published: December 2024

Anisotropic crystal facets of SrTaO2N allowed the spatial isolation of the reduction and oxidation co-catalysts, enabling a Z-scheme water splitting system based solely on an oxynitride photocatalyst using visible light up to 600 nm and beyond.
Elucidating the effect of nanocube support morphology on the hydrogenolysis of polypropylene over Ni/CeO2 catalysts
Authors: Inns Donald R. , Carr Megan , Bahri Mounib , Tomer Ajay , Manning Troy D. , Browning Nigel , Kondrat Simon A. , Claridge John B. , Katsoulidis Alexandros P. , Rosseinsky Matthew J.
Published: December 2024

The nanocube support morphology improves C–C scission rates of Ni/CeO2 catalysts to generate shorter chain liquid hydrocarbon mixtures in the catalytic hydrogenolysis process.
In situ developed NiCo2O4–Ti3C2Tx nanohybrid towards non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Mohanapriya Devarasu , Thenmozhi Kathavarayan
Published: December 2024

NiCo2O4–Ti3C2Tx nanohybrid based electrochemical sensor was prudently designed, which afforded abundant electrocatalytic sites, enhanced conductivity and impressive analytical performances at applied potentials of +0.5 and −0.25 V for glucose and H2O2.
Reconfiguration of band-edge states via intermolecular packing in organic semiconductor-incorporated perovskites
Authors: Xu Jia , Liu Zhun , Wei Xieli , Lu Junqiang , Liang Qifeng , Zhao Jijun
Published: December 2024

A new strategy for tunable interlayer interactions in organic semiconductor-incorporated perovskites (OSiPs) by introducing the proper intermolecular packing of thiophene-based isostructural polymorphs.
Crystallinity-driven ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of hydrothermally synthesized zinc stannate: exploring the substantial role of mineralizer NaOH
Authors: Chowdhury Anupam , Ali S. Wazed , Kumar Bipin
Published: December 2024

Hydrothermally synthesized polycrystalline ZnSnO₃ at 0 M mineralizer changes to single-crystalline at 0.25 M. At 0 M, Sn⁴⁺ ions dominate, causing lossy ferroelectric behavior, while 0.25 M stabilizes Zn²⁺ ions, resulting ideal ferroelectricity.
Science Vocabulary and Science Achievement of Children With Language/Literacy Disorders and Typical Language Development
Authors: Erikson Jessie A. , Alt Mary , Pyarelal Adarsh , Kapa Leah L.
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

This study examined science achievement; science vocabulary knowledge; and the relationship between science vocabulary, language skills, and science achievement in school-age children with language/literacy disorders (LLDs) and typical language development (TD).

Method:

Thirty-nine sixth graders (11 with LLDs) completed standardized assessments and researcher-designed science vocabulary measures over Zoom. Scores for the AIMS Science, a standardized science assessment administered to all fourth-grade public-school students in Arizona, served as the outcome measure for science achievement. Linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships among science achievement, general language skills, and science vocabulary knowledge. Group comparisons (TD vs. LLD) were also completed for science achievement and science vocabulary measures.

Results:

General language skills, science vocabulary breadth, and science vocabulary definition scores uniquely predicted science achievement, as measured by AIMS Science scores. General language skills predicted performance on the science vocabulary breadth and definition tasks. Participants with LLDs scored significantly lower on science achievement and vocabulary measures relative to their peers with TD.

Conclusions:

Students with LLDs demonstrated poorer science achievement outcomes and more limited knowledge of science vocabulary breadth and semantic depth. Greater science vocabulary knowledge was associated with higher science test scores for children with LLDs and TD. These findings indicate that increasing science vocabulary knowledge may improve science achievement outcomes for students with LLDs or TD.
The physical mechanism for the formation of lithium-rich red clump stars: Rotation, thermohaline mixing, and internal gravity waves
Authors: Wu F. W. , Song H. F. , Meynet G. , Maeder A. , Shi J. R. , Zhang R. Y. , Qin Y. , Qi S. T. , Zhan Q.
Published: December 2024

Context. About 0.2–2% of red clump stars are revealed as Lithium-rich stars and thus the surface abundance of lithium clearly increases in some red clump stars. The physical mechanism of the enrichment of lithium on the surface of these stars has not yet been explained satisfactorily by the evolutionary models of single stars.

Aims. Our aim is to investigate how rotation, thermohaline mixing, and internal gravity waves have an important impact on the surface chemical abundance of lithium-rich red giants.

Methods. The equations for angular momentum transport and the chemical element diffusion for rotating stars have been implemented in this paper. The diffusion coefficients of rotationally induced instabilities, thermohaline mixing, and internal gravitational waves have been included in the diffusion equation of chemical elements.

Results. Rotational mixing, thermohaline mixing, and internal gravity waves have been invoked to explain this feature. Rotation impacts the evolution of the surface abundance of Lithium, but it seems an unlikely explanation for a ubiquitous mixing event occurring between the tip of the red giant star and the red clump star. Thermohaline mixing can explain the observed behaviour of 12C/13C and 14N/12C and lithium in low-mass stars that are more luminous than the red-giant branch bump, and its efficiency is decreasing with the increasing initial stellar mass.

Conclusions. The internal gravity wave- (IGW-) induced mixing is located between the hydrogen-burning shell, and the outer convective envelope, and it is mainly triggered by turbulent convective motion. This physical process is beneficial to transfer the large amount of 7Be to the cool envelope where it is converted to 7Li. Therefore, IGW-induced mixing could play a main role in explaining the red clump star with lithium enrichment. Rotation can indirectly increase the above effect by making the core-helium-burning lifetime longer. Thermohaline mixing is much smaller than the one of IGWs during the evolution of red clump stars.
SoFT: Detecting and tracking magnetic structures in the solar photosphere
Authors: Berretti M. , Stangalini M. , Mestici S. , Jess D. B. , Jafarzadeh S. , Berrilli F.
Published: December 2024

In this work, we present Solar Feature Tracking, a novel feature-tracking tool developed in Python and designed to detect, identify, and track magnetic elements in the solar atmosphere. It relies on a watershed segmentation algorithm to effectively detect magnetic clumps within magnetograms, which are then associated across successive frames to follow the motion of magnetic structures in the photosphere. Here, we study its reliability in detecting and tracking features under different noise conditions starting with real-world data observed with SDO/HMI and followed with simulation data obtained from the Bifrost numerical code to better replicate the movements and shape of actual magnetic structures observed in the Sun’s atmosphere within a controlled noise environment.
The Merger and Acquisition in the Blood Products Sector after Covid-19: A Study on the Deals of China’s Enterprises
Authors: Wang Maobang
Published: December 2024

After COVID-19, the demand for blood products such as IVIG roared up immediately. Global biopharmaceutical enterprises are in a wave of M&As for expansion. While there lacks of related research on China’s blood products sector. This article takes the example of financial data from Grifols and China’s four cases of post-epidemic merger (Boya-China Resources, PLBIO-Shaanxi SASAC, Weiguang-Sinopharm, and SH RAAS-Haier) under China’s domestic substitution policy, analyzing their acquisition transactions, equity structures and outcomes. This paper finds that M&A benefits the blood products industry of both Grifols and China’s main merged firms in their post-deal stock market performances. Also, the merged firms enjoy the rising plasma collection stations number and plasma collection volume. This is expected to meet the demand for blood products, provide the possibility of co-development to the global industry, and contribute to human health progress. In conclusion, this research gives its prospect and suggestion for sustainable financial growth in long run.
Strategies and effectiveness analysis of modern marketing methods: A comparative study based on influencer marketing and traditional advertising marketing
Authors: Liu Hongjie
Published: December 2024

This study examines the evolution of advertising from traditional media to social media platforms and analyzes how consumer engagement on different social media platforms impacts advertising effectiveness. Starting with advertising through print, then radio, TV, and later through digital channels, research traces back the historical development of advertising, focusing on unique characteristics of social media advertising. Through a comprehensive literature review of recent scholarly articles and industry reports, we investigate how platform-specific features and user experiences shape engagement with both social media content and embedded advertising. The study reveals engagement is highly context-specific; thus, each of the social media platforms provides a very particular set of experiences conditioning how users engage with and react to advertising content. When developing their social media marketing plans, advertisers should be sensitive to the differences between platforms in terms of the strategies applied for engagement. This paper concludes by providing a conceptual framework from which to think about the relationships between platformspecific engagement and the outcome of social media advertising. This research contributes to the increased volume of literature surrounding digital advertising and has practical implications for how marketers can maximize returns from their social media advertising activity in an increasingly fragmented, complex media environment.
Research on the Ctrip Tourism Market Analysis and Marketing Strategy Optimization
Authors: Chen Jiajun
Published: December 2024

This paper offers a thorough analysis of Ctrip’s position in the tourism market, focusing on optimizing its marketing strategies to enhance its market presence. It begins by outlining the tourism industry’s background and the pivotal role of online travel agencies like Ctrip in simplifying travel experiences. The literature review highlights current marketing practices and consumer behavior, identifying key gaps that shape the study’s research questions and framework. The findings reveal that Ctrip faces significant challenges due to digital transformation, intense competition, and increasingly selective consumers. The paper discusses these challenges’ implications for both Ctrip and the broader market, offering strategic recommendations to address them. Key strategies include leveraging emerging technologies, enhancing competitive differentiation, and improving customer retention. The insights provided aim not only to secure Ctrip’s future success but also to offer guidance for other industry players navigating similar challenges. The key terms in this study include tourism market, marketing strategy, Ctrip, optimization, and analysis.
Analysis of Transnational Corporations to Cope with Exchange Rate Fluctuations
Authors: Li Yixuan
Published: December 2024

Amidst the chaos of war and the pervasive impact of disease, currency exchange rates have entered a period of heightened volatility, presenting formidable challenges to multinational enterprises. The specter of currency depreciation looms large, necessitating a proactive and adaptive financial management strategy to mitigate its adverse impacts. To shield against these threats, companies are compelled to embrace a multifaceted approach, employing a suite of tactics such as engaging in hedging through financial instruments, recalibrating pricing models to anticipate market shifts, and streamlining global supply chains to reduce vulnerability to currency fluctuations. This paper endeavors to dissect these diverse strategies, with the objective of pinpointing the most efficacious approach for multinational companies to steer through the labyrinth of fluctuating exchange rates. The overarching aim is to fortify financial stability and bolster operational robustness, enabling these entities to not only withstand but also thrive amidst the ever-shifting landscape of global economic dynamics. By distilling insights from a comprehensive analysis of available methods, this paper aspires to arm multinational companies with the strategic acumen required to navigate the intricacies of currency volatility, securing their financial well-being and operational integrity in an era rife with uncertainty.
Analysis of the Catering Sector’s Adjustment Plan following the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Han Yike
Published: December 2024

The conventional catering business was severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, but this also markedly expedited the industry’s shift to digitalisation. According to the report, the catering industry modified its business plan in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account the extensive effects on the sector. Following the epidemic’s conclusion, the catering business has experienced a rapid digital change due to the persistent price increases. Contactless delivery, online ordering, and intelligent management have emerged as the key themes. Additionally, catering businesses need to improve client trust and focus on food safety and hygiene. At the same time, businesses are now competing primarily on enhancing customer experience and service quality. In conclusion, this research recommends that catering companies should be able to adapt their business plans in order to handle future emergencies. By making these changes, the catering sector may both recover from the pandemic’s losses and achieve sustained growth in the years following.
Radiographic, fluoroscopic, and endosonographic predictors of failed EUS-guided transgastric stent placement in patients with Roux-en-Y bypass anatomy
Authors: Moy Benjamin M , Hussain Hero , Yu Jessica X , Platt Kevin D , Machicado Jorge D , Kwon Richard S , Wamsteker Erik-Jan , Philips George M , Schulman Allison R
Published: December 2024

Gastric access temporary for endoscopy (GATE) via endoscopic ultrasound-guided stent placement between the gastric pouch/jejunum and remnant stomach is used in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) to facilitate endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or other maneuvers. This study aimed to identify radiographic predictors of GATE failure and intraprocedure reasons for aborting.

Patients undergoing GATE were matched 3:1 on procedure success. Features indicating quality of the transgastric window were collected including: 1) gastric pouch/blind limb length; 2) location of remnant stomach relative to pouch or blind/roux limb; 3) pouch orientation; 4) remnant orientation; 5) length of contact; 6) tissue thickness; and 7) presence of poor contact (calcification, surgical material, intervening vasculature). Primary outcome was radiographic criteria associated with GATE failure. Secondary outcomes were endoscopic, endosonographic, and fluoroscopic intraprocedure reasons for aborting GATE.

Forty patients (30 successful, 10 aborted, 82.5% female) who underwent GATE were
included. Mean (±SD) age and time since RYGB were 62.8±11.9 and 15.1±8.6 years,
respectively. There were no group demographic differences. The cumulative number of
contact-related risk factors was associated with GATE failure (OR 26.1, 95% CI 0.004–0.337;
P=0.004). Two or more factors increased the likelihood of GATE
failure (P <0.05). Echoendoscope angulation/tip deflection,
intervening vasculature, distance to remnant stomach, rapid emptying and/or insufficient
filling of contrast were reported in cases of GATE failure.

Radiographic features may predict GATE failure including intervening vasculature or insufficient contact between gastric pouch/blind limb and remnant. Patients demonstrating these features may benefit from alternative treatment approaches early in management.
Lemon Juice as a Natural Biodegradable Catalyst for an Ecofriendly One-Pot Pseudo-Three-Component Synthesis of N,1-Dimethyl-6-(methylsulfanyl)-3,5-dinitro-1,4-dihydropyridine-2-amines
Authors: Seth Kapileswar , Saigal Saigal , Sunny Steeva
Published: December 2024

A one-pot pseudo-three-component reaction strategy has been designed for synthesizing all-carbon-functionalized hexasubstituted N,1-dimethyl-6-(methylsulfanyl)-3,5-dinitro-1,4-dihydropyridine-2-amines under neat conditions using inexpensive, readily available, natural, biodegradable lemon juice as a catalyst. The acidic reaction environment induced by lemon juice provided a superior catalytic performance, with a high reaction rate and high product yields, to those of a pool of Lewis and Brønsted acid catalysts. The wide substrate scope and functional-group tolerance permitted diversity creation with electronic and structural variations in a robust and operationally simple manner. The recoverability/reusability of the lemon juice catalyst and the easy purification of the end products by precipitation/filtration avoid the need for column chromatography or hazardous organic solvents and confirm that this is an environmentally benign sustainable technology. Moreover, a gram-scale operation and chemical modifications of the final products demonstrated some promising advantages.
Harnessing Photoredox and Weak Brønsted Base Dual Catalysis for Selective C(sp3)–H Bond Activation
Authors: Anita Yulia , Woo Sang Kook , Atriardi Shafrizal R.
Published: December 2024

Visible light photoredox and weak Brønsted base dual catalysis has emerged as a powerful and versatile tool in the activation of C(sp3)–H bonds under mild reaction conditions. This method allows for the selective functionalization of a wide range of substrates, including amines, sulfides, ethers, dithianes and dithiolanes, dioxolanes, and alkenes. By exploiting the increased acidity of C–H bonds following single electron oxidation, this strategy employing a dual catalyst facilitates various carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions, as well as selective rearrangements, with high efficiency and regioselectivity. This review highlights recent advancements in this field, emphasizing the underlying mechanisms and the broad applicability of these methodologies in organic synthesis.

1 Introduction

2 Activation of α-C(sp3)–H Bonds in N-, S-, and O-Containing Compounds for C–C Bond Formation

3 Activation of Allylic C–H Bonds for C–C Bond Formation

4 Photoredox and Base Dual Catalysis for Rearrangement Reactions

5 Conclusion
Ultrafast laser excitation as a pathway to liquid-like transport rates in the solid state
Authors: Sarracino A. , Abere M. J. , Torralva B. , Yalisove S. M.
Published: December 2024

This work presents an ultrafast laser-based mechanism for achieving liquid-like mass transport rates in solids. Transport at these rates was achieved by irradiating GaAs with a femtosecond laser (repetition rate = 1 kHz, τ = 150 fs, and λ = 780 nm). Following irradiation, the material exists in a highly excited state in which the atomic bonds are softened. The probability of hopping between lattice/interstitial sites for atoms within the softened interatomic potentials is greatly increased. Evidence of the enhanced diffusion is observable in the rate at which islands and corrugated structures form on the GaAs surface. Quantification of the mass transport rate necessary to form the structures via Fick's law produces a diffusion coefficient of 1.18×10−6 cm2/s, which is over 10 orders of magnitude higher than that for near-melt vacancy self-diffusion in crystalline GaAs. In fact, the calculated diffusion coefficient is on the order of magnitude of liquid GaAs, while estimates of temperature during mass transport place the crystal well below its melting point. These results suggest that ultrafast laser irradiation can be used to enhance the diffusion rate in materials without inducing a phase transition.
A novel high frequency, high bandwidth, three phase Mach–Zehnder optical data link
Authors: Norman Logan , Geppert-Kleinrath Hermann , Meaney Kevin , Kim Yongho
Published: December 2024

In inertial confinement fusion, hydrogen isotopes are fused together under high pressures and temperatures. Typically, the duration of these experiments is incredibly short, on the order of around 60–150 ps. Due to the high radiation environment, a detector’s signal is typically data linked far distances to a protected location. The diagnostic challenge for fusion reaction history measurements is to measure signals of interest maximizing dynamic range while also maintaining time resolution on the order of 10 ps. In this work, we present a new experimental optical data link used to efficiently transport diagnostic signals over great distances to the recording system while not restricting the dynamic range. The concept of a three phase Mach–Zehnder modulator system is introduced as well as a description of the physical prototype. The initial results from testing at the OMEGA facility show that this system is a viable method for signal transportation.
Field-free spin–orbit torque switching of Mn-doped L10-FePt layer
Authors: Song Yan , Cheng Zhen , Chen Haoran , Yuan Junjie , Ling Kancheng , Deng Bo , Ye Quanlin , Wu Yizheng , Luo Yongming , Wang Ningning
Published: December 2024

Spin–orbit torque (SOT) switching of the L10-FePt single layer has attracted a lot of interest in recent times. Herein, we report the tunability of switching performance in L10-FePt films by Mn doping. The results show that field-free switching can be realized by Mn doping, and the switching performance exhibits an angular dependence with respect to the crystal axis. Such switching behavior can be attributed to cone anisotropy induced by Mn doping. In addition, the SOT efficiency can be enhanced by Mn doping. These results can deepen our understanding of the SOT-induced switching of L10-FePt films.
Photoemission spectroscopy of battery materials
Authors: Ding Chenfeng , Ji Penghui , Li Tongtong , Guo Ting , Xu Zhong , Kim Taehoon , Zhang Hui , Wan Jiayu , Ono Luis K. , Qi Yabing
Published: December 2024

Recognized by the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, rechargeable lithium-ion battery (LIB) has become a world-revolutionary technology. Further developments of LIB-based and “beyond LIBs” regarding capacity, cycle life, and safety are intimately associated with the fundamental understanding of chemical compositions, structures, physical properties of electrodes and electrolytes, and other related components. The time-evolving snapshots of the dynamical processes occurring during the battery operation can help design better strategies to prevent the formation of uncontrolled interphase layers, dendrites, electrode/electrolyte decompositions, and generation of gases. Photoemission spectroscopy (PES) has become one of the important techniques for understanding the aforementioned aspects. However, many potential pitfalls and cautions need to be considered from sample preparation, during PES measurements, to data analyses. Although the primary focus of this article is not to evaluate the PES technique itself, we first introduce a minimal set of fundamental concepts to minimize misinterpretation arising from the physics of PES. Subsequently, we examine studies that utilize PES techniques to determine chemical compositions of solid- and liquid-state battery materials, energy level diagrams that bridge different terminologies between PES and electrochemistry, along with the theoretical aspects of PES evolving from first-principle calculations to machine learning. Toward the end of this review, we outline potential future research directions.
Initial stages of rejuvenation of vapor-deposited glasses during isothermal annealing: Contrast between experiment and simulation
Authors: Tracy M. E. , Kasting B. J. , Herrero C. , Berthier L. , Richert R. , Guiseppi-Elie A. , Ediger M. D.
Published: December 2024

Physical vapor deposition can prepare organic glasses with high kinetic stability. When heated, these glassy solids slowly transform into supercooled liquid in a process known as rejuvenation. In this study, we anneal vapor-deposited glasses of methyl-m-toluate for 6 h at 0.98Tg to observe rejuvenation using dielectric spectroscopy. Glasses of moderate stability exhibited partial or full rejuvenation in 6 h. For highly stable glasses, prepared at substrate temperatures of 0.85Tg and 0.80Tg, the 6 h annealing time is ∼2% of the estimated transformation time, and no change in the onset temperature for the α relaxation process was observed, as expected. Surprisingly, for these highly stable glasses, annealing resulted in significant increases in the storage component of the dielectric susceptibility, without corresponding increases in the loss component. These changes are interpreted to indicate that short-term annealing rejuvenates a high frequency relaxation (e.g., the boson peak) within the stable glass. We compare these results to computer simulations of the rejuvenation of highly stable glasses generated by using the swap Monte Carlo algorithm. The in silico glasses, in contrast to the experiment, show no evidence of rejuvenation within the stable glass at times shorter than the alpha relaxation process.
Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes assisted direct numerical simulation of low Reynolds number flow over airfoils
Authors: Adak Rajosik , Mandal Arindam , Saha Sandeep
Published: December 2024

The simulation of insect flight, like that of dragonflies operating at low Reynolds numbers, has numerical challenges due to the complex morphological structure. The corrugated airfoils trap vortices, and in these recirculation zones, turbulence models may be inadequate to resolve the near-wall flow features well. Hence, accurately capturing the laminar–turbulence transition and identifying the point of separation and reattachment requires resorting to direct numerical simulations (DNS) over a large domain, that is computationally expensive. We propose conducting DNS over a truncated subdomain constrained by Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solution to reduce the computational domain size and costs. A precomputed RANS simulation over a large domain is used to prescribe a velocity boundary condition (BC) at the truncated domain of the DNS; a convective BC is imposed as outflow. We validate the proposed RANS-assisted DNS (DNSR) by simulating subdomains of varying sizes and comparing the mean and fluctuating velocity fields, and aerodynamic characteristics with the DNS with free-slip BC. This technique reduces domain size and computational cost significantly (by at least half). A criterion for the ideal subdomain size is determined by satisfying the condition at the location where the non-dimensional mixing length is approximately 60. We validated our criterion by simulating flow over the NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) 0012 airfoil at angles of attack α≤12°, corroborating with established literature. Finally, we study a three-dimensional corrugated airfoil with our approach, to capture the transition from two- to three-dimensional structures in the wake as the angle of attack increases.