bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of Mitigating Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter Pollution in the Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Greater Bay Area of China Using a Regional‐To‐Local Coupling Model
Authors: Zhang Xuguo , Stocker Jenny , Johnson Kate , Fung Yik Him , Yao Teng , Hood Christina , Carruthers David , Fung Jimmy C. H.
Published: February 2022

Ultrahigh‐resolution air quality models that resolve sharp gradients of pollutant concentrations benefit the assessment of human health impacts. Mitigating fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations over the past decade has triggered ozone (O3) deterioration in China. Effective control of both pollutants remains poorly understood from an ultrahigh‐resolution perspective. We propose a regional‐to‐local model suitable for quantitatively mitigating pollution pathways at various resolutions. Sensitivity scenarios for controlling nitrogen oxide (NOx) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions are explored, focusing on traffic and industrial sectors. The results show that concurrent controls on both sectors lead to reductions of 17%, 5%, and 47% in NOx, PM2.5, and VOC emissions, respectively. The reduced traffic scenario leads to reduced NO2 and PM2.5 but increased O3 concentrations in urban areas. Guangzhou is located in a VOC‐limited O3 formation regime, and traffic is a key factor in controlling NOx and O3. The reduced industrial VOC scenario leads to reduced O3 concentrations throughout the mitigation domain. The maximum decrease in median hourly NO2 is >11 μg/m³, and the maximum increase in the median daily maximum 8‐hr rolling O3 is >10 μg/m³ for the reduced traffic scenario. When controls on both sectors are applied, the O3 increase reduces to <7 μg/m³. The daily averaged PM2.5 decreases by <2 μg/m³ for the reduced traffic scenario and varies little for the reduced industrial VOC scenario. An O3 episode analysis of the dual‐control scenario leads to O3 decreases of up to 15 μg/m³ (8‐hr metric) and 25 μg/m³ (1‐hr metric) in rural areas.
Neuronal NR4A1 deficiency drives complement-coordinated synaptic stripping by microglia in a mouse model of lupus
Authors: Han Xiaojuan , Xu Tianshu , Ding Congzhu , Wang Dandan , Yao Genhong , Chen Hongwei , Fang Qijun , Hu Gang , Sun Lingyun
Published: February 2022

Neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) is a frequent manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that occurs in 40–90% of SLE patients; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, causing a severe lack of therapeutic targets for this condition. Here, we show that complement-coordinated elimination of synapses participated in NPSLE in MRL/lpr mice, a lupus-prone murine model. We demonstrated that lupus mice developed increased anxiety-like behaviors and persistent phagocytic microglial reactivation before overt peripheral lupus pathology. In the lupus brain, C1q was increased and localized at synaptic terminals, causing the apposition of phagocytic microglia and ensuing synaptic engulfment. We further determined that neuronal Nr4a1 signaling was essential for attracting C1q synaptic deposition and subsequent microglia-mediated synaptic elimination. Minocycline-mediated deactivation of microglia, antibody blockade of C1q, or neuronal restoration of Nr4a1 protected lupus mice from synapse loss and NP manifestations. Our findings revealed an active role of neurons in coordinating microglia-mediated synaptic loss and highlighted neuronal Nr4a1 and C1q as critical components amenable to therapeutic intervention in NPSLE.
Fabrication of Comb-type self-oscillating gels by atom transfer radical polymerization for controlling autonomous swelling/deswelling behavior
Authors: Lee Won Seok , Enomoto Takafumi , Akimoto Aya Mizutani , Yoshida Ryo
Published: February 2022

In this study, we show the controlled self-oscillation behavior (i.e., the normalized amplitude, swelling rate, and deswelling rate) of self-oscillating gels by introducing grafted chains. The grafted chain was introduced to the base gel network by the “grafting from” method and atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). We demonstrated that the properties of the grafted chain, including the monomer composition and length of the chain, can lead to notable self-oscillation behavior. The strategy in this study can pave the way for realizing the desirable operational functions of biomimetic actuators.
Pathogenic variant of RBM20 in a multiplex family with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Inagaki Natsuko , Hayashi Takeharu , Takei Yasuyoshi , Kosuge Hisanori , Suzuki Shinji , Tanimoto Kousuke , Chikamori Taishiro , Kimura Akinori
Published: February 2022

RBM20 is a disease-causing gene associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The proband presented with the dilated phase of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and the mother also suffered from HCM. A missense variant of RBM20, p.Arg636His, previously reported as pathogenic in several families with DCM, was found in both the proband and the mother. Therefore, RBM20 p.Arg636His could be the causative variant for this familial HCM, and RBM20 might be a novel causative gene for HCM.
PyUUL provides an interface between biological structures and deep learning algorithms
Authors: Orlando Gabriele , Raimondi Daniele , Duran-Romaña Ramon , Moreau Yves , Schymkowitz Joost , Rousseau Frederic
Published: February 2022

Structural bioinformatics suffers from the lack of interfaces connecting biological structures and machine learning methods, making the application of modern neural network architectures impractical. This negatively affects the development of structure-based bioinformatics methods, causing a bottleneck in biological research. Here we present PyUUL (https://pyuul.readthedocs.io/), a library to translate biological structures into 3D tensors, allowing an out-of-the-box application of state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms. The library converts biological macromolecules to data structures typical of computer vision, such as voxels and point clouds, for which extensive machine learning research has been performed. Moreover, PyUUL allows an out-of-the box GPU and sparse calculation. Finally, we demonstrate how PyUUL can be used by researchers to address some typical bioinformatics problems, such as structure recognition and docking.
The emergence of macroscopic currents in photoconductive sampling of optical fields
Authors: Schötz Johannes , Maliakkal Ancyline , Blöchl Johannes , Zimin Dmitry , Wang Zilong , Rosenberger Philipp , Alharbi Meshaal , Azzeer Abdallah M. , Weidman Matthew , Yakovlev Vladislav S. , Bergues Boris , Kling Matthias F.
Published: February 2022

Photoconductive field sampling enables petahertz-domain optoelectronic applications that advance our understanding of light-matter interaction. Despite the growing importance of ultrafast photoconductive measurements, a rigorous model for connecting the microscopic electron dynamics to the macroscopic external signal is lacking. This has caused conflicting interpretations about the origin of macroscopic currents. Here, we present systematic experimental studies on the signal formation in gas-phase photoconductive sampling. Our theoretical model, based on the Ramo–Shockley-theorem, overcomes the previously introduced artificial separation into dipole and current contributions. Extensive numerical particle-in-cell-type simulations permit a quantitative comparison with experimental results and help to identify the roles of electron-neutral scattering and mean-field charge interactions. The results show that the heuristic models utilized so far are valid only in a limited range and are affected by macroscopic effects. Our approach can aid in the design of more sensitive and more efficient photoconductive devices.
Abrupt emissions reductions during COVID-19 contributed to record summer rainfall in China
Authors: Yang Yang , Ren Lili , Wu Mingxuan , Wang Hailong , Song Fengfei , Leung L. Ruby , Hao Xin , Li Jiandong , Chen Lei , Li Huimin , Zeng Liangying , Zhou Yang , Wang Pinya , Liao Hong , Wang Jing , Zhou Zhen-Qiang
Published: February 2022

Record rainfall and severe flooding struck eastern China in the summer of 2020. The extreme summer rainfall occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, which started in China in early 2020 and spread rapidly across the globe. By disrupting human activities, substantial reductions in anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols might have affected regional precipitation in many ways. Here, we investigate such connections and show that the abrupt emissions reductions during the pandemic strengthened the summer atmospheric convection over eastern China, resulting in a positive sea level pressure anomaly over northwestern Pacific Ocean. The latter enhanced moisture convergence to eastern China and further intensified rainfall in that region. Modeling experiments show that the reduction in aerosols had a stronger impact on precipitation than the decrease of greenhouse gases did. We conclude that through abrupt emissions reductions, the COVID-19 pandemic contributed importantly to the 2020 extreme summer rainfall in eastern China.
Genome binning of viral entities from bulk metagenomics data
Authors: Johansen Joachim , Plichta Damian R. , Nissen Jakob Nybo , Jespersen Marie Louise , Shah Shiraz A. , Deng Ling , Stokholm Jakob , Bisgaard Hans , Nielsen Dennis Sandris , Sørensen Søren J. , Rasmussen Simon
Published: February 2022

Despite the accelerating number of uncultivated virus sequences discovered in metagenomics and their apparent importance for health and disease, the human gut virome and its interactions with bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract are not well understood. This is partly due to a paucity of whole-virome datasets and limitations in current approaches for identifying viral sequences in metagenomics data. Here, combining a deep-learning based metagenomics binning algorithm with paired metagenome and metavirome datasets, we develop Phages from Metagenomics Binning (PHAMB), an approach that allows the binning of thousands of viral genomes directly from bulk metagenomics data, while simultaneously enabling clustering of viral genomes into accurate taxonomic viral populations. When applied on the Human Microbiome Project 2 (HMP2) dataset, PHAMB recovered 6,077 high-quality genomes from 1,024 viral populations, and identified viral-microbial host interactions. PHAMB can be advantageously applied to existing and future metagenomes to illuminate viral ecological dynamics with other microbiome constituents.
The insect somatostatin pathway gates vitellogenesis progression during reproductive maturation and the post-mating response
Authors: Zhang Chen , Kim Anmo J. , Rivera-Perez Crisalesandra , Noriega Fernando G. , Kim Young-Joon
Published: February 2022

Vitellogenesis (yolk accumulation) begins upon eclosion and continues through the process of sexual maturation. Upon reaching sexual maturity, vitellogenesis is placed on hold until it is induced again by mating. However, the mechanisms that gate vitellogenesis in response to developmental and reproductive signals remain unclear. Here, we have identified the neuropeptide allatostatin-C (AstC)-producing neurons that gate both the initiation of vitellogenesis that occurs post-eclosion and its re-initiation post-mating. During sexual maturation, the AstC neurons receive excitatory inputs from Sex Peptide Abdominal Ganglion (SAG) neurons. In mature virgin females, high sustained activity of SAG neurons shuts off vitellogenesis via continuous activation of the AstC neurons. Upon mating, however, Sex Peptide inhibits SAG neurons, leading to deactivation of the AstC neurons. As a result, this permits both JH biosynthesis and the progression of vitellogenesis in mated females. Our work has uncovered a central neural circuit that gates the progression of oogenesis.
ATF-4 and hydrogen sulfide signalling mediate longevity in response to inhibition of translation or mTORC1
Authors: Statzer Cyril , Meng Jin , Venz Richard , Bland Monet , Robida-Stubbs Stacey , Patel Krina , Petrovic Dunja , Emsley Raffaella , Liu Pengpeng , Morantte Ianessa , Haynes Cole , Mair William B. , Longchamp Alban , Filipovic Milos R. , Blackwell T. Keith , Ewald Collin Y.
Published: February 2022

Inhibition of the master growth regulator mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) slows ageing across phyla, in part by reducing protein synthesis. Various stresses globally suppress protein synthesis through the integrated stress response (ISR), resulting in preferential translation of the transcription factor ATF-4. Here we show inC. elegansthat inhibition of translation or mTORC1 increases ATF-4 expression, and that ATF-4 mediates longevity under these conditions independently of ISR signalling. ATF-4 promotes longevity by activating canonical anti-ageing mechanisms, but also by elevating expression of the transsulfuration enzyme CTH-2 to increase hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production. This H2S boost increases protein persulfidation, a protective modification of redox-reactive cysteines. The ATF-4/CTH-2/H2S pathway also mediates longevity and increased stress resistance from mTORC1 suppression. Increasing H2S levels, or enhancing mechanisms that H2S influences through persulfidation, may represent promising strategies for mobilising therapeutic benefits of the ISR, translation suppression, or mTORC1 inhibition.
Fast microwave heating-based one-step synthesis of DNA and RNA modified gold nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Mengqi , Xiong Erhu , Wang Yan , Hu Menglu , Yue Huahua , Tian Tian , Zhu Debin , Liu Hong , Zhou Xiaoming
Published: February 2022

DNA/RNA-gold nanoparticle (DNA/RNA-AuNP) nanoprobes have been widely employed for nanobiotechnology applications. Here, we discover that both thiolated and non-thiolated DNA/RNA can be efficiently attached to AuNPs to achieve high-stable spherical nucleic acid (SNA) within minutes under a domestic microwave (MW)-assisted heating-dry circumstance. Further studies show that for non-thiolated DNA/RNA the conjugation is poly (T/U) tag dependent. Spectroscopy, test strip hybridization, and loading counting experiments indicate that low-affinity poly (T/U) tag mediates the formation of a standing-up conformation, which is distributed in the outer layer of SNA structure. In further application studies, CRISPR/Cas9-sgRNA (136 bp), SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragment (1278 bp), and rolling circle amplification (RCA) DNA products (over 1000 bp) can be successfully attached on AuNPs, which overcomes the routine methods in long-chain nucleic acid-AuNP conjugation, exhibiting great promise in biosensing and nucleic acids delivery applications. Current heating-dry strategy has improved traditional DNA/RNA-AuNP conjugation methods in simplicity, rapidity, cost, and universality.
Revisiting the NASA surface tension driven convection experiments
Authors: Sequeira Yohan , Maitra Abhradeep , Pandey Anupam , Jung Sunghwan
Published: February 2022

Marangoni effect plays an important role in many industrial applications where a surface tension gradient induces fluid flow, e.g., the cleaning process of silicon wafers and the welding process of melted metal. Surface tension gradient can also be caused by a spatially varying temperature field which, in the absence of gravity, is solely responsible for driving a large scale convective flow. NASA STDC-1 (Surface Tension Driven Convection) experiments performed on USML-1 Spacelab missions in 1992 were designed to study thermocapillary flows in microgravity. Since then these experiments have become a benchmark in thermocapillary studies in the absence of gravity. However, interpretation of results of the original STDC-1 experiments remains challenging due to the low resolution of the available data. Analysis of the velocity field in those experiments was limited to a single tracking method without systematic and comparative studies. In the present study, we utilize multiple state-of-the-art Particle Image Velocimetry and Particle Tracking Velocimetry tools to extract the flow field from NASA STDCE-1 videos and compare the experimental data to the numerical results from COMSOL Multiphysics® v5.6. Finally, we discuss how our findings of temperature-driven Marangoni flow in the microgravity setting can improve future experiments and analysis.
Iron from nanostructured ferric phosphate: absorption and biodistribution in mice and bioavailability in iron deficient anemic women
Authors: Baumgartner Jeannine , Winkler Hans Christian , Zandberg Lizelle , Tuntipopipat Siriporn , Mankong Phatchari , Bester Cor , Hilty Florentine , Zeevaart Jan Rijn , Gowachirapant Sueppong , Zimmermann Michael B.
Published: February 2022

Food fortification with iron nanoparticles (NPs) could help prevent iron deficiency anemia, but the absorption pathway and biodistribution of iron-NPs and their bioavailability in humans is unclear. Dietary non-heme iron is physiologically absorbed via the divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) pathway. Using radio- iron isotope labelling in mice with a partial knockdown of intestine-specific DMT1, we assessed oral absorption and tissue biodistribution of nanostructured ferric phosphate (FePO4-NP; specific surface area [SSA] 98 m2g-1) compared to to ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), the reference compound. We show that absorption of iron from FePO4-NP appears to be largely DMT1 dependent and that its biodistribution after absorption is similar to that from FeSO4, without abnormal deposition of iron in the reticuloendothelial system. Furthermore, we demonstrate high bioavailability from iron NPs in iron deficient anemic women in a randomized, cross-over study using stable-isotope labelling: absorption and subsequent erythrocyte iron utilization from two 57Fe-labeled FePO4-NP with SSAs of 98 m2g−1 and 188 m2g−1 was 2.8-fold and 5.4-fold higher than from bulk FePO4 with an SSA of 25 m2g−1 (P < 0.001) when added to a rice and vegetable meal consumed by iron deficient anemic women. The FePO4-NP 188 m2g-1 achieved 72% relative bioavailability compared to FeSO4. These data suggest FePO4-NPs may be useful for nutritional applications.
Afidopyropen, a novel insecticide originating from microbial secondary extracts
Authors: Horikoshi Ryo , Goto Kimihiko , Mitomi Masaaki , Oyama Kazuhiko , Hirose Tomoyasu , Sunazuka Toshiaki , Ōmura Satoshi
Published: February 2022

Afidopyropen, a novel insecticide, is a derivative of pyripyropene A, which is produced by the filamentous fungus Penicillium coprobium. Afidopyropen has strong insecticidal activity against aphids and is currently used as a control agent of sucking pests worldwide. In this study, we summarized the biological properties and field efficacies of its derivatives against agricultural pests using official field trials conducted in Japan. Afidopyropen showed good residual efficacies against a variety of aphids, whiteflies and other sucking pests under field conditions. Furthermore, toxicological studies revealed its safety profiles against nontarget organisms, such as the honeybee, natural enemies and other beneficial insects, as well as mammals. Thus, afidopyropen is a next-generation agrochemical for crop protection that has a low environmental impact.
Preconcentration of sulphonamides in bovine milk by the cloud point extraction method using smartphone-based digital images
Authors: Vianna Valéria L. F. , Dresch Dayane , Gomes Winston Pinheiro Claro , Melchert Wanessa R.
Published: February 2022

The procedure does not require organic solvents and is based on easy CPE of sulphonamides from milk samples. Established limits for total sulphonamides in milk were met using digital images.
Stability, electronic and magnetic properties of the penta-CoAsSe monolayer: a first-principles and Monte Carlo study
Authors: Debbichi M. , Alhodaib A.
Published: February 2022

Penta-CoAsSe: a new predicted 2D monolayer with high stability. The calculated transition temperature is around 170 K, which is ∼5 times higher than that of the CrI3 monolayer.
Surface oxygenation induced strong interaction between Pd catalyst and functional support for zinc–air batteries
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chang Jinfa , Wang Guanzhi , Li Zhao , Wang Maoyu , Zhu Yuanmin , Li Boyang , Zhou Hua , Wang Guofeng , Gu Meng , Feng Zhenxing , Yang Yang
Published: February 2022

The surface oxygenated PdNiMnO-PF was used as a bifunctional catalyst for zinc–air batteries.
Nucleation and growth mechanism of dendrite-free Ni–Cu catalysts by magneto-electrodeposition for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Donggang , Zhao Can , Doherty Andrew , Yuan Shuang , Gong Yanlong , Wang Qiang
Published: February 2022

A controllable preparation strategy for high-efficiency Ni–Cu catalysts with specific morphology.
Tuning the activity and selectivity of polymerised ionic liquid-stabilised ruthenium nanoparticles through anion exchange reactions
Authors: Parida Dambarudhar , Bakkali-Hassani Camille , Lebraud Eric , Schatz Christophe , Grelier Stéphane , Taton Daniel , Vignolle Joan
Published: February 2022

The catalytic activity and selectivity of ruthenium nanoparticles (RuNPs), stabilised with simple polymerised ionic liquids (PILs), can simply be manipulated through counter-anions exchange reactions.
MoS2 nanosheets with expanded interlayer spacing for ultra-stable aqueous Mg-ion hybrid supercapacitor
Authors: Pan Guodong , Li Junfeng , Han Lu , Peng Wenwu , Xu Xingtao , Lu Ting , Amin Mohammed A. , Yamauchi Yusuke , Xu Min , Pan Likun
Published: February 2022

Magnesium ion supercapacitor assembled by MoS2 with expanded layer spacing as the anode displays larger capacitance and excellent long-term cycling stability.
Co-crystallisation as a modular approach to the discovery of spin-crossover materials
Authors: Birchall Lee T. , Truccolo Giada , Jackson Lewis , Shepherd Helena J.
Published: February 2022

The switching behaviour of spin crossover cocrystals can be modified through changing the coformer and thus co-crystallisation presents a rapid, facile and highly modular tool for the discovery of new switchable materials.
Template directed synthesis of antibody Fc conjugates with concomitant ligand release
Authors: Postupalenko Viktoriia , Marx Léo , Viertl David , Gsponer Nadège , Gasilova Natalia , Denoel Thibaut , Schaefer Niklaus , Prior John O. , Hagens Gerrit , Lévy Frédéric , Garrouste Patrick , Segura Jean-Manuel , Nyanguile Origène
Published: February 2022

A method is reported to attach a radionuclide chelator in a single step chemistry to the Fc domain of any therapeutic antibody.
Intrinsic structure perspective for MIPS interfaces in two-dimensional systems of active Brownian particles
Authors: Chacón Enrique , Alarcón Francisco , Ramírez Jorge , Tarazona Pedro , Valeriani Chantal
Published: February 2022

We analyse the MIPS interfaces of a 2D suspension of active Brownian particles, in terms of intrinsic density and force profiles. We suggest that MIPS originates from the local rectification of the random active force on particles near the interface.
Microfluidic post method for 3-dimensional modeling of platelet–leukocyte interactions
Authors: Ju Lining Arnold , Kossmann Sabine , Zhao Yunduo Charles , Moldovan Laura , Zhang Yingqi , De Zoysa Ramasundara Savindi , Zhou Fangyuan , Lu Hang , Alwis Imala , Schoenwaelder Simone M. , Yuan Yuping , Jackson Shaun P.
Published: February 2022

These studies demonstrate the versatility and relevance of a novel ‘platelet post’ model to examine the adhesive interactions between platelets and neutrophils under 3D disturbed flow conditions relevant to thromboinflammation.
Retro Baeyer–Villiger reaction: thermal conversion of the [60]fullerene-fused lactones to ketones
Authors: Niu Chuang , Yin Zheng-Chun , Wang Wei-Feng , Huang Xinmin , Zhou Dian-Bing , Wang Guan-Wu
Published: February 2022

The unprecedented retro Baeyer–Villiger reaction from the [60]fullerene-fused lactones to ketones with triflic anhydride as an unusual reductant under aerobic conditions has been achieved in excellent yields.
Cooperative B–H activation by Cp* based κ2-N,S-chelated Ru(ii) and Mo(ii) complexes (Cp* = η5-C5Me5)
Authors: Saha Suvam , Haridas Anagha , Assanar Faneesha , Bansal Charu , Sudhadevi Antharjanam P. K. , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: February 2022

The chemistry of Cp* based groups 5, 6 and 8 metal complexes containing a κ2-N,S-chelated ligand has been examined with free and bulky boranes that exhibit diverse reactivity patterns.
Highly efficient doping of titanium dioxide with sulfur using disulfide-linked macrocycles for hydrogen production under visible light
Authors: Zhou Meng , Zhong Xin , Wei Dan , Yang Kang , Chen Yifan , Jia Chunman , Li Jianwei
Published: February 2022

Disulfide macrocycles are ideal candidates for engineering titanium dioxide with sulfur with a utilization rate over 95% to photo-catalytically split water into hydrogen under visible light due to their narrowed bandgap and extended light absorption.
Systems approaches to understand oxygen sensing: how multi-omics has driven advances in understanding oxygen-based signalling
Authors: Batie Michael , Kenneth Niall S. , Rocha Sonia
Published: February 2022

Hypoxia is a common denominator in the pathophysiology of a variety of human disease states. Insight into how cells detect, and respond to low oxygen is crucial to understanding the role of hypoxia in disease. Central to the hypoxic response is rapid changes in the expression of genes essential to carry out a wide range of functions to adapt the cell/tissue to decreased oxygen availability. These changes in gene expression are co-ordinated by specialised transcription factors, changes to chromatin architecture and intricate balances between protein synthesis and destruction that together establish changes to the cellular proteome. In this article, we will discuss the advances of our understanding of the cellular oxygen sensing machinery achieved through the application of ‘omics-based experimental approaches.
Evaluating the Modified-Shortened Token Test as a Working Memory and Language Assessment Tool
Authors: Pham Theresa , Bardell Taylor E. , Vollebregt Meghan , Kuiack Alyssa K. , Archibald Lisa M. D.
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

Working memory and linguistic knowledge are highly intertwined in language tasks. Verbal working memory in particular has been studied as a potential constraint on language performance. This, in turn, highlights the need for a clinical assessment tool that will assist clinicians in understanding individual children's performance in relation to working memory and language. In this study, we investigated whether performance on the Token Test could capture differences in verbal working memory and linguistic knowledge given its manipulation of length and syntactic complexity.

Method:

In Experiment 1, 257 children ages 4–7 years completed our Modified-Shortened Token Test, in which they carried out commands of increasing length and complexity. Experiment 2 was an exploratory study that included a separate group of 24 kindergarten-age children who completed our Modified-Shortened Token Test as well as other memory and language measures.

Results:

The factor analysis in Experiment 1 revealed a three-factor solution with factors corresponding to verbal working memory, linguistic, and basic attention constructs. In Experiment 2, we conducted exploratory correlations between composite scores formed based on identified factors (from Experiment 1) and related measures. Recalling sentences and formulating sentences correlated with the working memory demands of the Token Test, whereas following directions and word structure correlated with Token Test linguistic factor.

Conclusions:

A modified Token Test has the potential to be used clinically to understand language performance. In particular, differential performance across sentences could reveal relative verbal working memory and linguistic knowledge abilities.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19178474
Design and app development of a virtual fretless Chinese musical instrument
Authors: Li Rongfeng , Lyu Ke
Published: February 2022

The article presents the design and development of a virtual fretless Chinese stringed instrument App with the Duxianqin as an example, whose performance is expected to be no different from a real instrument. The digital simulation of fretless musical instruments is mainly divided into two parts: the simulation of the continuous pitch processing of the strings, and the simulation of the sound produced by plucking strings. The article returns to the theory of mechanics and wave theory and obtains the quantitative relationship between string frequency and its deformation and elongation. The Duxianqin selected in this article is a fretless instrument, which cannot be completely simulated by relying solely on sound source data. Playing and vocalization require real‐time synthesis through pitch processing, which has certain reference significance for the realization of other fretless instruments.
Audio recognition of Chinese traditional instruments based on machine learning
Authors: Li Rongfeng , Zhang Qin
Published: February 2022

This paper is part of a special issue on Music Technology. We study the type recognition of traditional Chinese musical instrument audio in the common way. Using MEL spectrum characteristics as input, we train an 8‐layer convolutional neural network, and finally achieve 99.3% accuracy. After that, this paper mainly studies the performance skill recognition of Chinese traditional musical instruments. Firstly, for a single instrument, the features were extracted by using the pre‐trained ResNet model, and then the SVM algorithm was used to classify all the instruments with an accuracy of 99%. Then, in order to improve the generalization of the model, the paper proposes the performance skill recognition of the same kind of instruments. In this way, the regularity of the same playing technique of different instruments can be utilized. Finally, the recognition accuracy of the four kinds of instruments is as follows: 95.7% for blowing instruments, 82.2% for plucked‐string instruments, 88.3% for strings instruments, and 97.5% for percussion instruments. We open source the audio database of traditional Chinese musical instruments and the Python source code of the whole experiment for further research.
Multiple clues inspired banding detector in high dynamic range videos
Authors: Yuan Shuhong , Zhou Fei
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a method for detecting banding artefacts in high‐dynamic‐range (HDR) videos is proposed. The proposed method is the first banding detector designed for HDR videos. To effectively detect banding artefacts, a multi‐scale banding detection strategy based on multiple visual clues is proposed. Specifically, in each scale, the visually perceptual effects of banding artefacts are measured sequentially by luminance, edge strength, and edge length clues. All these clues are exploited by considering the properties of the human vision system and HDR videos. Experimental results show that our method can effectively detect banding artefacts and provide banding visibility maps that highly match the human visual perception.
A 5.5/12.5‐GHz concurrent dual‐band power amplifier MMIC in 0.25 μm GaAs technology
Authors: Xie Chunshuang , Wu Peng , Yuan Yang , Zeng Jialong , Tan Cheng , Yu Zhongjun
Published: February 2022

A concurrent 5.5/12.5‐GHz dual‐band power amplifier (PA) is designed and implemented in a 0.25 μm GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor process. The PA is composed of two stages and adopts LC parallel and series networks for dual‐band matching. The efficiency of the PA is improved by lowering the drain voltage of the driver stage. Measurement results show that the proposed PA features the maximum small‐signal gain of 17.1 and 15.6 dB, the maximum output power of 24.9 and 24.5 dBm, and peak power‐added efficiency (PAE) of 35.5% and 35% at 5.5 and 12.5 GHz, respectively. The PA consumes a total DC of 73 mA, and its power consumption is 503 mW. The chip size of the PA is 1.4 × 1.3 mm2 including all testing pads.
A tactical scheduling framework for wind farm‐integrated multi‐energy systems to take part in natural gas and wholesale electricity markets as a price setter
Authors: Nasiri Nima , Zeynali Saeed , Najafi Ravadanegh Sajad , Marzband Mousa
Published: February 2022

The wind integrated multi‐energy systems (MES) have gained significant momentum in recent years on account of their self‐sufficiency and attractive clean attributes. This study puts forward a bi‐level multi‐follower optimization framework to study the tactical response of a wind integrated MES in the wholesale electricity market (WEM) and the natural gas market (NGM) as a price setter. At the upper level, the MES endeavors to minimize the overall operational costs by giving the best offer/bid in WEM/NGM, and by utilizing thermal energy storage (TES), compressed air energy storage (CAES), and natural gas storage (NGS). When the MES submits offers/bids in WEM and NGM, the NGM and WEM operators, as individual followers, clear their respective markets to maximize public welfare and announce the ultimate market‐clearing price (MCP). Additionally, risk‐averse and risk‐seeker information gap decision theory (IGDT) have been deployed to provide various decision‐making options for MES operators considering wind underproduction and overproduction scenarios. Standard 6‐node natural gas network (NGN) and 6‐bus transmission system (TS) have been deployed to model WEM and NGM, respectively. The results testify to the capabilities of the MES in influencing the decisions of WEM and NGM.
Infrared and visible image fusion based on multi‐channel convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang Hongmei , An Wenbo , Li Lin , Li Chenkai , Zhou Daming
Published: February 2022

For the lack of labels in infrared and visible image fusion network, an infrared and visible image fusion model based on multi‐channel unsupervised convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed in this paper, in order to extract more detailed information through multi‐channel inputs. In contrast to conventional unsupervised fusion network, the proposed network contains three channels for extracting infrared features, visible features and common features of infrared and visible images, respectively. The square loss function is used to train the network. Pairs of infrared and visible images are input to DenseNet to extract as more useful features as possible. A fusion module is designed to fuse the extracted features for testing. Experimental results show that the proposed method can preserve both the clear target of infrared and detailed information of visible images simultaneously. Experiments also demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over the state‐of‐the‐art methods in objective metrics.
CurSeg: A pavement crack detector based on a deep hierarchical feature learning segmentation framework
Authors: Yuan Genji , Li Jianbo , Meng Xianglong , Li Yinong
Published: February 2022

Automatic crack detection is challenging due to the poor continuity of cracks, the different widths of cracks, and the low contrast between cracks and the surrounding pavement. In this paper, a deep convolutional neural network called CurSeg is proposed, which achieves pixelwise segmentation of cracks in an end‐to‐end manner. In this approach, features at different scales are fused together to attain the context information from the cracks. The elaborately designed model can effectively suppress the propagation of noise and further refine the crack features by aggregating multiscale and multilevel features from low‐level to high‐level. Residual detail attention (RDA) is also introduced to better capture the line structure and the ability to accurately locate the crack position in a complex context to make the network more discriminative and robust. CurSeg is evaluated on four datasets to validate the effectiveness of the approach. The experimental results demonstrate that this method achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance on the four challenging datasets.
CAE‐GAN: A hybrid model for vehicle trajectory prediction
Authors: Chen Long , Zhou Qiyang , Cai Yingfeng , Wang Hai , Li Yicheng
Published: February 2022

Trajectory prediction of surrounding vehicles is a crucial capability of intelligent driving vehicles. In a scene, a vehicle and its surrounding vehicles constitute an integral system, and the vehicle's future motion trajectory is affected by the actions of surrounding vehicles. The influencing mode and degree are hidden in the relevant historical information of the vehicle and its neighbour vehicle. The existing trajectory prediction methods either do not consider the confidence of the predicted trajectory, or the accuracy requirement is ignored when considering the confidence of the predicted trajectory. In order to address this problem, a mixed Conditional AutoEncoder Generative Adversarial Network (CAE‐GAN) model based on the multi‐loss function is proposed. The proposed model uses the encoder–decoder structure with a convolutional social pool to extract general features. The generative adversarial networks (GANs) are used to extract the confidence features of the generated trajectories, which enables the proposed model to generate trajectories that are close to the real trajectories. In addition, a classifier structure based on an LSTM network is added to output the probability that the predicted trajectory belongs to a particular lateral maneuver so that the generated trajectory lateral maneuver of the model is consistent with the real trajectory lateral maneuver. The proposed model is evaluated using the publicly available NGSIM US‐101 and I‐80 datasets, and results show that the accuracy of the proposed model is higher than that of the existing methods. The proposed model achieves an average accuracy improvement of 16.34% in comparison to the most advanced existing models.
Coordinated bidding and trading strategy for wind power and thermostatic load in a novel market framework
Authors: Li Jiamei , Ai Qian , Yin Shuangrui
Published: February 2022

Thanks to the uncertainty and fluctuation of wind power, the mismatch between the supply and load is increasing. Consequently, wind power should be responsible for the imbalance caused by its volatility. Meanwhile, thermostatic load (TCL) is becoming a promising regulation capacity provider with the development of demand side technology. This paper proposes a combined energy and regulation market framework to encourage wind power to pay for the regulation market cost. And a cooperation framework is presented, in which wind power and two types of TCLs exchange energy and regulation capacity to obtain cooperation benefits. The asymmetric Nash bargaining (ANB) is applied to allocate cooperation profits among members. To ensure the autonomy of each member, a decentralized method based on ADMM is introduced. Case studies show that the proposed bidding and trading strategy can increase the profit of each member and lock more regulation capacity in day‐ahead stage, and the proposed allocation method can distribute cooperation profits fairly.
Binary orbital evolution driven by a circumbinary disc
Authors: Penzlin Anna B. T. , Kley Wilhelm , Audiffren Hugo , Schäfer Christoph M.
Published: February 2022

The question whether the interaction of a circumbinary disc with the central binary system leads to a shrinking or to an expansion of the binary orbit has attracted considerable interest as it impacts the evolution of binary black holes and stellar binary stars in their formation phase. We performed two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of circumbinary discs for a large parameter set of disc viscosities and thicknesses and for two different binary mass ratios for binaries on circular orbits. We measured the net angular momentum and mass transfer between disc and binary system, and evaluated the normalised specific angular momentum accretion, js. This was compared to the theoretical, critical specific angular momentum change js,crit that separates contracting from expanding cases, which depends on the binary mass ratio and on the relative accretion onto the two stars. Using finite and infinite disc models, we show that the inferred binary evolution is very similar for both setups, and we confirm that js can be measured accurately with cylindrical simulations that do not include the central binary. However, to obtain the relative accretion onto the stars for non-equal mass binaries, simulations that cover the whole domain including the binary are required. We find that for thick discs with aspect ratio h = 0.1, the binaries expand for all viscosities, while discs with h = 0.05 lead to an expansion only for higher viscosities with α exceeding ∼0.005. Overall, the regime of binary expansion extends to a much wider parameter space than previously anticipated, but for thin, low-viscosity discs, the orbits shrink.
Orbital alignment of HD 332231 b
Authors: Knudstrup E. , Albrecht S. H.
Published: February 2022

Context. Contrary to the orthodox picture of planet formation resulting in a neatly ordered Solar System, exoplanet systems exhibit highly diverse orbits: short and long periods, circular and eccentric, well- and misaligned, and even retrograde orbits. In order to understand this diversity it is essential to probe key orbital parameters. Spin-orbit alignment is such a parameter and can provide information about the formation and migration history of the system. However, tidal circularisation and alignment might hamper interpretations of orbital eccentricity and obliquities in the context of planet formation and evolution for planets on orbits shorter than about 10 days.

Aims. Here we aim to measure the projected stellar obliquity in the HD 332231system in which a warm (period ≈ 18.7 days) giant planet orbits a bright F star on a circular orbit.

Methods. We observed the system during a transit with the HARPS-N spectrograph and obtained data on the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect. We analysed the spectroscopic transit data together with new TESS photometry employing three different analysis methods.

Results. The results from the different approaches are fully consistent. We find a projected obliquity of −2 ± 6°, indicating the stellar spin axis to be well-aligned with the orbit of the planet. We furthermore find evidence for transit timing variations suggesting the presence of an additional third body in the system.

Conclusions. Together with the low orbital eccentricity, the good alignment suggests that this warm giant planet has not undergone high-eccentricity migration.
NICER observations of the evidence of Poynting-Robertson drag and disk reflection during type I X-ray bursts from 4U 1636–536
Authors: Zhao Guoying , Li Zhaosheng , Pan Yuanyue , Falanga Maurizio , Ji Long , Chen Yupeng , Zhang Shu
Published: February 2022

Type I X-ray bursts are the result of an unstable thermonuclear burning of accreting matter on the neutron star (NS) surface. The quick release of energetic X-ray photons during such bursts interacts with the surrounding accretion disk, which raises the accretion rate due to Poynting-Robertson drag and, thus, a fraction of the burst emission is reflected. We analyzed two photospheric radius expansion bursts in the NS low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636–536 that took place in 2017, using data from Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer. The time-resolved burst spectra showed clear deviations from a blackbody model. The spectral fitting can be significantly improved by introducing either the enhanced persistent emission (thefamodel) or the reflection from the accretion disk (therelxillNSmodel). Thefamodel provides a higher blackbody temperature and higher burst flux compared with therelxillNSmodel. The peak fluxes of two bursts from thefamodel, 4.36 × 10−8erg cm−2s−1and 9.10 × 10−8erg cm−2s−1, are slightly higher than the Eddington limits of mixed hydrogen-helium and pure helium bursts from previous observations, respectively. When the disk reflections have been taken into account simultaneously, the peak fluxes are lower to match the preferred values. We find evidence to support the finding that both the Poynting-Robertson drag and disk reflection have been appeared during these two X-ray bursts. Moreover, the disk reflection may contribute ∼20−30% of the total burst emissions.
Influence of abscisic acid,Ascophyllum nodosumandAloe veraon the phenolic composition and color of grape berry and wine of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' variety
Authors: Pessenti Isabela Leticia , Ayub Ricardo Antonio , Filho José Luis Marcon , Clasen Fábio Chaves , Rombaldi César Valmor , Botelho Renato Vasconcelo
Published: February 2022

In viticulture, various techniques can be used to improve productivity, tolerance to biotic or abiotic stress, the quality of grapes and wines such as the use of plant regulators and biostimulants. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of application of abscisic acid (S-ABA),Ascophyllum nodosum (A. nodosum)seaweed extract andAloe vera (A. vera)gel on phenolic composition and chromatic characteristics of grapes from the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' variety. The experiment was conducted in a commercial vineyard in Campo Largo - Paraná, in two consecutive seasons, 2017/18 and 2018/19, involving the following treatments: 1) control; 2) (S-ABA) 400 mg/L; 3) S- ABA 600 mg/L; 4)A. veragel 200 mL/L; 5)A. veragel 400 mL/L; 6) seaweed extract 0.2 mL/L; 7) seaweed extract 0.4 mL/L. Two applications were performed with the seaweed extract andA.gel when the bunches were atveraisonstage (50 and 75% of grape berries with coloration). Total anthocyanins content, total polyphenols content and activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase enzymes were assessed in the berries skin. Total anthocyanins, individual anthocyanins and total polyphenol contents as well as lightness, chroma and hue angle were analyzed in the corresponding wines. S-ABA increased the content of anthocyanins and total polyphenols, as well as the activity of PAL in the first season.A. nodosum(AN) seaweed extract increased the total polyphenol content, total anthocyanins content and PAL in the berry skin of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' variety. S-ABA increased the total polyphenol content and anthocyanins in wine, as well as theA. nodosum, in at least one of the evaluated seasons.
Decarbonization of the steel industry. A techno-economic analysis
Authors: Sasiain Conde Amaia , Rechberger Katharina , Spanlang Andreas , Wolfmeir Hermann , Harris Christopher
Published: February 2022

A substantial CO2-emmissions abatement from the steel sector seems to be a challenging task without support of so-called “breakthrough technologies”, such as the hydrogen-based direct reduction process. The scope of this work is to evaluate both the potential for the implementation of green hydrogen, generated via electrolysis in the direct reduction process as well as the constraints. The results for this process route are compared with both the well-established blast furnace route as well as the natural gas-based direct reduction, which is considered as a bridge technology towards decarbonization, as it already operates with H2 and CO as main reducing agents. The outcomes obtained from the operation of a 6-MW PEM electrolysis system installed as part of the H2FUTURE project provide a basis for this analysis. The CO2 reduction potential for the various routes together with an economic study are the main results of this analysis. Additionally, the corresponding hydrogen- and electricity demands for large-scale adoption across Europe are presented in order to rate possible scenarios for the future of steelmaking towards a carbon-lean industry.