bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active Back‐Arc Thrust in North West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Aribowo Sonny , Husson Laurent , Natawidjaja Danny H. , Authemayou Christine , Daryono Mudrik R. , Puji Anggraini R. , Valla Pierre G. , Pamumpuni Astyka , Wardhana Dadan D. , de Gelder Gino , Djarwadi Didiek , Lorcery Manon
Published: July 2022

The Java Back‐arc Thrust scars the entire back‐arc area of Java Island, but the faults' nature, timing, and activity remain partly elusive. Characterizing the structure and activity of the seismogenic Java Back‐arc Thrust (historical earthquakes up to 7 Mw) is a cornerstone to evaluate associated geohazards. We focus on the western part of Java Back‐arc Thrust that reaches the megalopolis of Jakarta. We combine morphotectonic data, seismic reflection, electric resistivity profiles, kinematic, structural field measurements, paleoseismological trenching, and sediment dating (optically stimulated luminescence and14C). Our results suggest that the interplay between the faults, volcanoes, and sedimentary basin modulates the propagation of the fault system across and along‐strike. The West Java Back‐arc Thrust has been active from Pliocene to Recent, but with a laterally variable tempo and tectonic regime. While tectonic activity was sustained for longer times in the eastern part, the West Java Back‐arc Thrust broke through the Jakarta Basin in the west, possibly only since the Late Pleistocene, and partitions into a network of immature transpressive structures. We conclude that the West Java Back‐arc Thrust has a high seismic hazard that requires a careful risk evaluation along its trace, as it threatens the numerous infrastructures of the densely populated West Java.
Heralds of Future Volcanism: Swarms of Microseismicity Beneath the Submarine Kolumbo Volcano Indicate Opening of Near‐Vertical Fractures Exploited by Ascending Melts
Authors: Schmid F. , Petersen G. , Hooft E. , Paulatto M. , Chrapkiewicz K. , Hensch M. , Dahm T.
Published: July 2022

The Kolumbo submarine volcano in the southern Aegean (Greece) is associated with repeated seismic unrest since at least two decades and the causes of this unrest are poorly understood. We present a ten‐month long microseismicity data set for the period 2006–2007. The majority of earthquakes cluster in a cone‐shaped portion of the crust below Kolumbo. The tip of this cone coincides with a low Vp‐anomaly at 2–4 km depth, which is interpreted as a crustal melt reservoir. Our data set includes several earthquake swarms, of which we analyze the four with the highest events numbers in detail. Together the swarms form a zone of fracturing elongated in the SW‐NE direction, parallel to major regional faults. All four swarms show a general upward migration of hypocenters and the cracking front propagates unusually fast, compared to swarms in other volcanic areas. We conclude that the swarm seismicity is most likely triggered by a combination of pore‐pressure perturbations and the re‐distribution of elastic stresses. Fluid pressure perturbations are induced likely by obstructions in the melt conduits in a rheologically strong layer between 6 and 9 km depth. We conclude that the zone of fractures below Kolumbo is exploited by melts ascending from the mantle and filling the crustal melt reservoir. Together with the recurring seismic unrest, our study suggests that a future eruption is probable and monitoring of the Kolumbo volcanic system is highly advisable.
Climatology of Deep O+ Dropouts in the Night‐Time F‐Region in Solar Minimum Measured by a Langmuir Probe Onboard the International Space Station
Authors: Debchoudhury Shantanab , Barjatya Aroh , Minow Joseph I. , Coffey Victoria N. , Parker Linda N.
Published: July 2022

The Floating Potential Measurement Unit onboard the International Space Station includes a Wide sweeping Langmuir Probe that has been operating in the F‐region of the ionosphere at ∼400 km since 2006. While traditional Langmuir probe estimates include critical plasma parameters like electron density and temperature, we have also extracted the O+ percentage from the total ion constituents. This O+ composition data set from the recent minimum in the Solar Cycle 24 reveals orbits with dropouts in O+ to below 80% of the total background ion density at International Space Station orbital altitudes. The observed O+ percentages during these dropouts are much lower than the values predicted by the International Reference Ionosphere 2016 (IRI2016) empirical model. In this paper, we present the climatology of these O+ dropouts with their dependency on season, local time and geographical location. The results show that the lowered O+ percentages are more significant in the winter hemispheres and are routinely observed for orbits in the pre‐sunrise periods. The patterns in O+ dropouts can be explained in part from the lowering of the O+/H+ transition height during solar minimum along with patterns in neutral wind variation.
Quantifying the Impact of Lagged Hydrological Responses on the Effectiveness of Groundwater Conservation
Authors: Glose Thomas J. , Zipper Sam , Hyndman David W. , Kendall Anthony D. , Deines Jillian M. , Butler James J.
Published: July 2022

Many irrigated agricultural areas seek to prolong the lifetime of their groundwater resources by reducing pumping. However, it is unclear how lagged responses, such as reduced groundwater recharge caused by more efficient irrigation, may impact the long‐term effectiveness of conservation initiatives. Here, we use a variably saturated, simplified surrogate groundwater model to: (a) analyze aquifer responses to pumping reductions, (b) quantify time lags between reductions and groundwater level responses, and (c) identify the physical controls on lagged responses. We explore a range of plausible model parameters for an area of the High Plains aquifer (USA) where stakeholder‐driven conservation has slowed groundwater depletion. We identify two types of lagged responses that reduce the long‐term effectiveness of groundwater conservation, recharge‐dominated and lateral‐flow‐dominated, with vertical hydraulic conductivity (KZ) the major controlling variable. When high KZ allows percolation to reach the aquifer, more efficient irrigation reduces groundwater recharge. By contrast, when low KZ impedes vertical flow, short term changes in recharge are negligible, but pumping reductions alter the lateral flow between the groundwater conservation area and the surrounding regions (lateral‐flow‐dominated response). For the modeled area, we found that a pumping reduction of 30% resulted in median usable lifetime extensions of 20 or 25 years, depending on the dominant lagged response mechanism (recharge‐ vs. lateral‐flow‐dominated). These estimates are far shorter than estimates that do not account for lagged responses. Results indicate that conservation‐based pumping reductions can extend aquifer lifetimes, but lagged responses can create a sizable difference between the initially perceived and actual long‐term effectiveness.
Fibroblast growth factor signalling influences homologous recombination-mediated DNA damage repair to promote drug resistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Nicholson Hugh A. , Sawers Lynne , Clarke Rosemary G. , Hiom Kevin J. , Ferguson Michelle J. , Smith Gillian
Published: July 2022

Background

Ovarian cancer patients frequently develop chemotherapy resistance, limiting treatment options. We have previously shown that individuality in fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) expression influences survival and chemotherapy response.

Methods

We used MTT assays to assess chemosensitivity to cisplatin and carboplatin following shRNA-mediated knockdown or heterologous over-expression of FGF1 (quantified by qRT-PCR and immunoblot analysis), and in combination with the FGFR inhibitors AZD4547 and SU5402, the ATM inhibitor KU55933 and DNA-PK inhibitor NU7026. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to quantify the FGF1-dependent timecourse of replication protein A (RPA) and γH2AX foci formation.

Results

Pharmacological inhibition of FGF signalling reversed drug resistance in immortalised cell lines and in primary cell lines from drug-resistant ovarian cancer patients, while FGF1 over-expression induced resistance. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) phosphorylation, but not DNA adduct formation was FGF1 dependent, following cisplatin or carboplatin challenge. Combining platinum drugs with the ATM inhibitor KU55933, but not with the DNA-PK inhibitor NU7026 re-sensitised resistant cells. FGF1 expression influenced the timecourse of damage-induced RPA and γH2AX nuclear foci formation.

Conclusion

Drug resistance arises from FGF1-mediated differential activation of high-fidelity homologous recombination DNA damage repair. FGFR and ATM inhibitors reverse platinum drug resistance, highlighting novel combination chemotherapy approaches for future clinical trial evaluation.
Revisiting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy around the world using data from 23 countries in 2021
Authors: Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Wyka Katarzyna , White Trenton M. , Picchio Camila A. , Rabin Kenneth , Ratzan Scott C. , Parsons Leigh Jeanna , Hu Jia , El-Mohandes Ayman
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact daily life, including health system operations, despite the availability of vaccines that are effective in greatly reducing the risks of death and severe disease. Misperceptions of COVID-19 vaccine safety, efficacy, risks, and mistrust in institutions responsible for vaccination campaigns have been reported as factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy. This study investigated COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy globally in June 2021. Nationally representative samples of 1,000 individuals from 23 countries were surveyed. Data were analyzed descriptively, and weighted multivariable logistic regressions were used to explore associations with vaccine hesitancy. Here, we show that more than three-fourths (75.2%) of the 23,000 respondents report vaccine acceptance, up from 71.5% one year earlier. Across all countries, vaccine hesitancy is associated with a lack of trust in COVID-19 vaccine safety and science, and skepticism about its efficacy. Vaccine hesitant respondents are also highly resistant to required proof of vaccination; 31.7%, 20%, 15%, and 14.8% approve requiring it for access to international travel, indoor activities, employment, and public schools, respectively. For ongoing COVID-19 vaccination campaigns to succeed in improving coverage going forward, substantial challenges remain to be overcome. These include increasing vaccination among those reporting lower vaccine confidence in addition to expanding vaccine access in low- and middle-income countries.
Transcription factor paralogs orchestrate alternative gene regulatory networks by context-dependent cooperation with multiple cofactors
Authors: Feng Siqian , Rastogi Chaitanya , Loker Ryan , Glassford William J. , Tomas Rube H. , Bussemaker Harmen J. , Mann Richard S.
Published: July 2022

In eukaryotes, members of transcription factor families often exhibit similar DNA binding properties in vitro, yet orchestrate paralog-specific gene regulatory networks in vivo. The serially homologous first (T1) and third (T3) thoracic legs of Drosophila, which are specified by the Hox proteins Scr and Ubx, respectively, offer a unique opportunity to address this paradox in vivo. Genome-wide analyses using epitope-tagged alleles of both Hox loci in the T1 and T3 leg imaginal discs, the precursors to the adult legs and ventral body regions, show that ~8% of Hox binding is paralog-specific. Binding specificity is mediated by interactions with distinct cofactors in different domains: the Hox cofactor Exd acts in the proximal domain and is necessary for Scr to bind many of its paralog-specific targets, while in the distal leg domain, the homeodomain protein Distal-less (Dll) enhances Scr binding to a different subset of loci. These findings reveal how Hox paralogs, and perhaps paralogs of other transcription factor families, orchestrate alternative downstream gene regulatory networks with the help of multiple, context-specific cofactors.
Separating natural from human enhanced methane emissions in headwater streams
Authors: Zhu Yizhu , Jones J. Iwan , Collins Adrian L. , Zhang Yusheng , Olde Louise , Rovelli Lorenzo , Murphy John F. , Heppell Catherine M. , Trimmer Mark
Published: July 2022

Headwater streams are natural sources of methane but are suffering severe anthropogenic disturbance, particularly land use change and climate warming. The widespread intensification of agriculture since the 1940s has increased the export of fine sediments from land to streams, but systematic assessment of their effects on stream methane is lacking. Here we show that excess fine sediment delivery is widespread in UK streams (n = 236) and, set against a pre-1940s baseline, has markedly increased streambed organic matter (23 to 100 g m−2), amplified streambed methane production and ultimately tripled methane emissions (0.2 to 0.7 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1, n = 29). While streambed methane production responds strongly to organic matter, we estimate the effect of the approximate 0.7 °C of warming since the 1940s to be comparatively modest. By separating natural from human enhanced methane emissions we highlight how catchment management targeting the delivery of excess fine sediment could mitigate stream methane emissions by some 70%.
Molecular dissection of the glutamine synthetase-GlnR nitrogen regulatory circuitry in Gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Travis Brady A. , Peck Jared V. , Salinas Raul , Dopkins Brandon , Lent Nicholas , Nguyen Viet D. , Borgnia Mario J. , Brennan Richard G. , Schumacher Maria A.
Published: July 2022

How bacteria sense and respond to nitrogen levels are central questions in microbial physiology. In Gram-positive bacteria, nitrogen homeostasis is controlled by an operon encoding glutamine synthetase (GS), a dodecameric machine that assimilates ammonium into glutamine, and the GlnR repressor. GlnR detects nitrogen excess indirectly by binding glutamine-feedback-inhibited-GS (FBI-GS), which activates its transcription-repression function. The molecular mechanisms behind this regulatory circuitry, however, are unknown. Here we describe biochemical and structural analyses of GS and FBI-GS-GlnR complexes from pathogenic and non-pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria. The structures show FBI-GS binds the GlnR C-terminal domain within its active-site cavity, juxtaposing two GlnR monomers to form a DNA-binding-competent GlnR dimer. The FBI-GS-GlnR interaction stabilizes the inactive GS conformation. Strikingly, this interaction also favors a remarkable dodecamer to tetradecamer transition in some GS, breaking the paradigm that all bacterial GS are dodecamers. These data thus unveil unique structural mechanisms of transcription and enzymatic regulation.
Mouse pulmonary interstitial macrophages mediate the pro-tumorigenic effects of IL-9
Authors: Fu Yongyao , Pajulas Abigail , Wang Jocelyn , Zhou Baohua , Cannon Anthony , Cheung Cherry Cheuk Lam , Zhang Jilu , Zhou Huaxin , Fisher Amanda Jo , Omstead David T. , Khan Sabrina , Han Lei , Renauld Jean-Christophe , Paczesny Sophie , Gao Hongyu , Liu Yunlong , Yang Lei , Tighe Robert M. , Licona-Limón Paula , Flavell Richard A. , Takatsuka Shogo , Kitamura Daisuke , Sun Jie , Bilgicer Basar , Sears Catherine R. , Yang Kai , Kaplan Mark H.
Published: July 2022

Although IL-9 has potent anti-tumor activity in adoptive cell transfer therapy, some models suggest that it can promote tumor growth. Here, we show that IL-9 signaling is associated with poor outcomes in patients with various forms of lung cancer, and is required for lung tumor growth in multiple mouse models. CD4+ T cell-derived IL-9 promotes the expansion of both CD11c+ and CD11c− interstitial macrophage populations in lung tumor models. Mechanistically, the IL-9/macrophage axis requires arginase 1 (Arg1) to mediate tumor growth. Indeed, adoptive transfer of Arg1+ but not Arg1- lung macrophages to Il9r−/− mice promotes tumor growth. Moreover, targeting IL-9 signaling using macrophage-specific nanoparticles restricts lung tumor growth in mice. Lastly, elevated expression of IL-9R and Arg1 in tumor lesions is associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. Thus, our study suggests the IL-9/macrophage/Arg1 axis is a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer therapy.
Design, fabrication and testing of 3D printed smartphone-based device for collection of intrinsic fluorescence from human cervix
Authors: Shukla Shivam , Sah Amar Nath , Hatiboruah Diganta , Ahirwar Shikha , Nath Pabitra , Pradhan Asima
Published: July 2022

Fluorescence spectroscopy has the potential to identify discriminatory signatures, crucial for early diagnosis of cervical cancer. We demonstrate here the design, fabrication and testing of a 3D printed smartphone based spectroscopic device. Polarized fluorescence and elastic scattering spectra are captured through the device using a 405 nm laser and a white LED source respectively. The device has been calibrated by comparison of spectra of standard fluorophores (Flavin adenine dinucleotide, fluorescein, rhodamine, and porphyrin) with the corresponding spectra collected from a commercial spectrometer. A few cervical tissue spectra have also been captured for proof of its applicability as a portable, standalone device for the collection of intrinsic fluorescence spectra from human cervix.
Leaf bacterial microbiota response to flooding is controlled by plant phenology in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Francioli Davide , Cid Geeisy , Hajirezaei Mohammad-Reza , Kolb Steffen
Published: July 2022

Leaf microbiota mediates foliar functional traits, influences plant fitness, and contributes to various ecosystem functions, including nutrient and water cycling. Plant phenology and harsh environmental conditions have been described as the main determinants of leaf microbiota assembly. How climate change may modulate the leaf microbiota is unresolved and thus, we have a limited understanding on how environmental stresses associated with climate change driven weather events affect composition and functions of the microbes inhabiting the phyllosphere. Thus, we conducted a pot experiment to determine the effects of flooding stress on the wheat leaf microbiota. Since plant phenology might be an important factor in the response to hydrological stress, flooding was induced at different plant growth stages (tillering, booting and flowering). Using a metabarcoding approach, we monitored the response of leaf bacteria to flooding, while key soil and plant traits were measured to correlate physiological plant and edaphic factor changes with shifts in the bacterial leaf microbiota assembly. In our study, plant growth stage represented the main driver in leaf microbiota composition, as early and late plants showed distinct bacterial communities. Overall, flooding had a differential effect on leaf microbiota dynamics depending at which developmental stage it was induced, as a more pronounced disruption in community assembly was observed in younger plants.
Individual variability in foraging success of a marine predator informs predator management
Authors: Freeman Grace , Matthews Erin , Stehr Erin , Acevedo-Gutiérrez Alejandro
Published: July 2022

The complexities of trophic dynamics complicate the management of predator populations. Targeted culling campaigns are one management strategy meant to control predation for the benefit of the prey population. In these campaigns, individual predators are often considered “rogue” based on visitation rates to the site of concern. This definition assumes that all predators impact prey equally. However, individual variability in foraging success may compromise this assumption. To examine this hypothesis, we studied harbor seals preying on adult salmonids during the 2014–2019 fall runs in Whatcom Creek, Bellingham, Washington, USA, and recorded visitation rate and foraging success of individual seals from photographs and field observations. We then used Generalized Linear Mixed-Effects Models to model individual foraging success. Models including harbor seal identity better explained foraging success than models based on visitation rate alone. We concluded that considering intraspecific variability and classifying “rogue individuals” based on foraging success is a more accurate protocol for managing predator populations than relying solely on visitation rate of the predators.
Study on the damage characteristics of overburden of mining roof in deeply buried coal seam
Authors: Long Tianwen , Hou Enke , Xie Xiaoshen , Fan Zhigang , Tan Ermin
Published: July 2022

The study of water-conducting fracture zone development height is key to the scientific prevention and control of water damage in mines. Based on the geological conditions of the Wenjiapo coal mine in Binchang, China, this paper investigates the development of water-conducting fracture zone in overlying bedrock during mining under large buried depth and huge thick aquifer by combining on-site well-location microseismic monitoring and laboratory similar material simulation. To overcome the limitation of the " limited outlook " of water-conducting fracture zone investigation, the spatial development characteristics of roof fissures in coal seam mining were determined by on-site " the underground - ground" combined microseismic monitoring and follow-up monitoring, and the development of overlying rock fracture under the large depth of burial was concluded. The fractures were mainly distributed in the upper part of the protective coal pillar on both sides of the working face, but less in the upper part of the working face, and primarily distributed in the protective coal pillar on the side of the working face and the adjacent mining area. To verify the accuracy of the conclusion, the overlying bedrock movement and deformation characteristics and the development process of the hydraulic fracture zone during coal seam mining were analyzed by simulating similar materials in the laboratory, using the monitored area as a prototype. The results show that the development height of the mining fracture zone obtained from microseismic monitoring is basically consistent with the simulation results of similar materials. The research finding have significant implications for the study of fracture distribution characteristics and the evolution law of mining overburden, and provide a foundation for scientific prevention and control of water damage on the roof.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in exhaled breath from non-hospitalized COVID-19-infected individuals
Authors: Leding Cæcilie , Skov Julia , Uhrbrand Katrine , Lisby Jan Gorm , Hansen Katrine Pedersbæk , Benfield Thomas , Duncan Louise Katrine
Published: July 2022

The diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on detection of SARS-CoV-2 in oro-/nasopharyngel swabs, but due to discomfort and minor risk during the swab procedure, detection of SARS-CoV-2 has been investigated in other biological matrixes. In this proof-of-concept study, individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection performed a daily air sample for five days. Air samples were obtained through a non-invasive electrostatic air sampler. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was determined with qRT-PCR. The association of positive samples with different exposures was evaluated through mixed-effect models. We obtained 665 air samples from 111 included participants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, 52 individuals (46.8%) had at least one positive air sample, and 129 (19.4%) air samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Participants with symptoms or a symptom duration ≤ four days had significantly higher odds of having a positive air sample. Cycle threshold values were significantly lower in samples obtained ≤ 4 days from symptom onset. Neither variant of SARS-CoV-2 nor method of air sampling were associated with a positive air sample. We demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 is detectable in human breath by electrostatic air sampling with the highest detection rate closest to symptom onset. We suggest further evaluation of the air sampling technique to increase sensitivity.
An accurate alignment-free protein sequence comparator based on physicochemical properties of amino acids
Authors: Akbari Rokn Abadi Saeedeh , Abdosalehi Azam Sadat , Pouyamehr Faezeh , Koohi Somayyeh
Published: July 2022

Bio-sequence comparators are one of the most basic and significant methods for assessing biological data, and so, due to the importance of proteins, protein sequence comparators are particularly crucial. On the other hand, the complexity of the problem, the growing number of extracted protein sequences, and the growth of studies and data analysis applications addressing protein sequences have necessitated the development of a rapid and accurate approach to account for the complexities in this field. As a result, we propose a protein sequence comparison approach, called PCV, which improves comparison accuracy by producing vectors that encode sequence data as well as physicochemical properties of the amino acids. At the same time, by partitioning the long protein sequences into fix-length blocks and providing encoding vector for each block, this method allows for parallel and fast implementation. To evaluate the performance of PCV, like other alignment-free methods, we used 12 benchmark datasets including classes with homologous sequences which may require a simple preprocessing search tool to select the homologous data. And then, we compared the protein sequence comparison outcomes to those of alternative alignment-based and alignment-free methods, using various evaluation criteria. These results indicate that our method provides significant improvement in sequence classification accuracy, compared to the alternative alignment-free methods and has an average correlation of about 94% with the ClustalW method as our reference method, while considerably reduces the processing time.
Low-cost electrochemical paper-based device for exosome detection
Authors: Kasetsirikul Surasak , Tran Kim Thinh , Clack Kimberley , Soda Narshone , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A. , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: July 2022

A low-cost electrochemical paper-based analytical device was developed to quantify cancer cell-derived exosomes.
Improving the stability of hybrid perovskite FAPbI3 by forming 3D/2D interfaces with organic spacers
Authors: Kim Yun-Sim , Ri Chol-Hyok , Kye Yun-Hyok , Jong Un-Gi , Yu Chol-Jun
Published: July 2022

Organic spacer cations with aromatic rings are more favourable for enhancing the moisture stability of FAPbI3 3D/2D interfaces than those with aliphatic chains. The anilinium-based system shows the highest resistance to water penetration.
Photo-catalyzed acetoxysulfoximination of styrene with sulfoximidoyl thianthrenium salt
Authors: Yang Yu-Ming , Zhang Cairong , Yang Hanlun , Tang Zhen-Yu
Published: July 2022

We report the design and synthesis of a redox-active thianthrenium-containing sulfoximination reagent.
Genetic encoding of ε-N-l-lactyllysine for detecting delactylase activity in living cells
Authors: Sun Yanan , Chen Yanchi , Xu Yaxin , Zhang Yuqing , Lu Minghao , Li Manjia , Zhou Liyan , Peng Tao
Published: July 2022

ε-N-l-Lactyllysine (LacK) is site-specifically incorporated into proteins and utilized to develop fluorescent and luminescent probes for detecting delactylases in living cells.
Simultaneous self-supply of H2O2 and GSH-depleted intracellular oxidative stress for enhanced photodynamic/photothermal/chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Wang Qian , Li Fahui , Yang Hekai , Wang Ying , Ding Wenshuo , Dai Fengxu , Wei Liuya , Cao Shuhua , Song Weiguo
Published: July 2022

(a) Illustration of the synthesis process of SMP@I. (b) Illustration of the antitumor mechanism at SMP@I.
Ultrafast electron transfer at the interface of gold nanoparticles and methylene blue molecular adsorbates
Authors: Contreras Dillon , Yuson Joie M. , Eroglu Zeynep E. , Bahrami Pouya , Hadad Zavareh Hoda Sadeghi , Boulesbaa Abdelaziz
Published: July 2022

Femtosecond transient absorption measurements indicate that the transfer of plasmonic electrons from gold nanospheres to methylene blue molecular adsorbates happens on a sub-50 fs time-scale.
Local charge carrier dynamics of a particulate Ga-doped La5Ti2Cu0.9Ag0.1O7S5 photocatalyst and the impact of Rh cocatalysts
Authors: Chugenji Tatsuya , Pan Zhenhua , Nandal Vikas , Seki Kazuhiko , Domen Kazunari , Katayama Kenji
Published: July 2022

Photocatalytic charge carriers (electrons, holes, electrons at cocatalysts) were selectively separated based on the charge carrier dynamics.
Stability of CeO2 nanoparticles from paints and stains: insights under controlled and environmental scenarios
Authors: Jreije Ibrahim , Azimzada Agil , Hadioui Madjid , Wilkinson Kevin J.
Published: July 2022

Ce oxide nanoparticles are widely used in numerous surface coatings, however, their environmental fate and persistence is unclear.
Determination of elements in sandstone using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted by the laser fusion method
Authors: Zheng Ruiqin , Wu Mengfan , Zeng Lingwei , Rao Yu , Chen Sha , He Xingliang , Pei Hongliang , Wang Xu , Duan Yixiang
Published: July 2022

Glass beads with improved physical properties were obtained by high-frequency pulse laser fusion of sandstone samples, which improved the stability of the LIBS signal.
Synergistic actions of phytonutrient capped nanosilver as a novel broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent: unveiling the antibacterial effectiveness and bactericidal mechanism
Authors: Moorthy Kavya , Chang Kai-Chih , Yu Po-Jen , Wu Wen-Jui , Liao Mei-Yi , Huang Hsiao-Chi , Chien Hsiang-Chi , Chiang Cheng-Kang
Published: July 2022

Bactericidal action of cogon grass extract mediated AgNPs and LDI-MS analysis revealed the putative phytochemicals capped on the AgNP surface.
A new perspective on the photocatalytic action of titanium dioxide on phenol elucidated using comprehensive multiphase NMR
Authors: Ghosh Biswas Rajshree , Croxall Mark P. , Lawrence Reece T. , Soong Ronald , Goh M. Cynthia , Simpson Andre J.
Published: July 2022

First application of CMP-NMR to heterogeneous catalysis, we discover a region where organics experience restricted diffusion and are preferentially degraded.
Transparent electronic and photoelectric synaptic transistors based on the combination of an InGaZnO channel and a TaOx gate dielectric
Authors: Li Yuanbo , Chen Tupei , Ju Xin , Salim Teddy
Published: July 2022

This article demonstrated a transparent TFT which showed synaptic behaviors in either electronic mode or photoelectric mode. Potentiation/depression with large conductance change and ultra-low non-linearity were achieved concurrently.
Binding model-tuned room-temperature phosphorescence of the bromo-naphthol derivatives based on cyclodextrins
Authors: Liu Ming , Zheng Chen , Zheng Yujing , Wu Xuan , Shen Jianliang
Published: July 2022

Bromo-naphthol derivatives were synthesized to form host–guest complexation with cyclodextrins with different cavity sizes for the investigation of binding model-mediated room-temperature phosphorescence efficiency.
Correction: Functional drug carriers formed by RGD-modified β-CD-HPG for the delivery of docetaxel for targeted inhibition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Authors: Xu Lingling , Zhou Chuan , Wang Fan , Liu Huiqin , Dong Guangyuan , Zhang Siyi , Liu Tao
Published: July 2022

Correction for ‘Functional drug carriers formed by RGD-modified β-CD-HPG for the delivery of docetaxel for targeted inhibition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells’ by Lingling Xu et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 18004–18011. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA02301F.
Das zerebrospinale venöse System
Authors: Flenker Jan
Published: July 2022

Venen sind aufgrund des Niederdrucks und der geringen Wandspannung besonders
vulnerabel. Venenströme verhalten sich invers kompensatorisch.
Wahrscheinlich können sie sich durch normabweichende
Umgebungsstrukturen zu Perfusions- und Druckdysbalancen aufsummieren. Das
zerebrospinale venöse System bildet mit dem Liquor einen
physikalischen Druckregulator. Beide Volumina stehen zueinander in
Druckhierarchie. Ihre Druckgradienten befinden sich in Abhängigkeit
von Thorax, Abdomen und Hydrostatik. Verschiedene Patholgien von Kopf und
Wirbelsäule könnten auf venösen Druckdysbalancen
beruhen.
The Effect of Financial Incentives on Adherence to Glucose Self-Monitoring during Pregnancy among Patients with Insulin-Requiring Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Wernimont Sarah A. , Fleener Diedre , Summers Karen M. , Deonovic Benjamin , Syrop Craig H. , Andrews Janet I.
Published: July 2022

Objective Glucose self-monitoring is critical for the management of diabetes in pregnancy, and increased adherence to testing is associated with improved obstetrical outcomes. Incentives have been shown to improve adherence to diabetes self-management. We hypothesized that use of financial incentives in pregnancies complicated by diabetes would improve adherence to glucose self-monitoring.

Study Design We conducted a single center, randomized clinical trial from May 2016 to July 2019. In total, 130 pregnant patients, <29 weeks with insulin requiring diabetes, were recruited. Participants were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three payment groups: control, positive incentive, and loss aversion. The control group received $25 upon enrollment. The positive incentive group received 10 cents/test, and the loss aversion group received $100 for >95% adherence and “lost” payment for decreasing adherence. The primary outcome was percent adherence to recommended glucose self-monitoring where adherence was reliably quantified using a cellular-enabled glucometer. Adherence, calculated as the number of tests per day divided by the number of recommended tests per day×100%, was averaged from time of enrollment until admission for delivery.

Results We enrolled 130 participants and the 117 participants included in the final analysis had similar baseline characteristics across the three groups. Average adherence rates in the loss aversion, control and positive incentive groups were 69% (SE=5.12), 57% (SE = 4.60), and 58% (SE=3.75), respectively (p=0.099). The loss aversion group received an average of $50 compared with $38 (positive incentive) and $25 (control).

Conclusion In this randomized clinical trial, loss aversion incentives tended toward higher adherence to glucose self-monitoring among patients whose pregnancies were complicated by diabetes, though did not reach statistical significance. Further studies are needed to determine whether use of incentives improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Key Points
Reliability of Biomarkers of Physiological Stress at Rest and Post-exertional Heat Stress
Authors: Snape Daniel , Wainwright Barney , Woods David R , O’Hara John Paul
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of blood biomarkers that can signify exercise-induced heat stress in hot conditions. Fourteen males completed two heat stress tests separated by 5–7 days. Venous blood was drawn pre- and post- heat stress for the concentration of normetanephrine, metanephrine, serum osmolality, copeptin, kidney-injury molecule 1, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. No biomarker, except copeptin, displayed systematic trial order bias (p≥0.05). Normetanephrine, copeptin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin presented acceptable reliability (CV range: 0.9–14.3%), while greater variability was present in metanephrine, osmolality and kidney-injury molecule 1 (CV range: 28.6–43.2%). Normetanephrine exhibited the largest increase (p<0.001) in response to heat stress (trial 1=1048±461 pmol. L-1; trial 2=1067±408 pmol. L-1), whilst kidney-injury molecule 1 presented trivial changes (trial 1=–4±20 ng. L-1; trial 2=2 ± 16 ng. L-1, p>0.05). Normetanephrine, copeptin, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin demonstrated good reliability and sensitivity to an acute bout of heat stress. These biomarkers may be suitable for application in laboratory and field research to understand the efficacy of interventions that can attenuate the risk of thermal injury whilst exercising in the heat.
Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy for Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease
Authors: Ronaghi Reza , Oh Scott
Published: July 2022

Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) offers a minimally invasive option for the diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, of which interstitial lung diseases comprise the most common diagnoses. It has a high diagnostic yield with prognostic and therapeutic implications. TBLC has a favorable safety profile compared with surgical lung biopsy, but associated complications include pneumothorax and bleeding. However, TBLC techniques remain variable. Here we review the latest techniques described to maximize diagnostic yield and mitigate complications of TBLC as well as how this modality has been incorporated into guidelines.
Anomalous time of flight behavior of fast ions in laser produced aluminum plasma
Authors: Arora Garima , Thomas Jinto , Joshi Hem Chandra
Published: July 2022

In this work, dynamics of multi-charged ions emitted from an aluminum plasma produced by Q switched Nd: Yag laser is studied using time of flight (TOF) measurements from Langmuir probe and spectroscopy under Ar ambient of 0.02 mbar. The temporal evolution of multi-charged ions, background neutrals, and ions is systematically studied for varying laser intensities. The temporal evolution shows all species have double-peak structure for all laser intensities considered in the study. The fast peak is sharp whereas the slow peak is broadly similar to that observed in previous studies. Moreover, higher charged ions have higher velocity, indicating acceleration from the transient electric field produced at the very initial temporal stages of expansion. Interestingly, the fast peak gets delayed, whereas the slow peak advances in time with increased laser intensity, which has not been reported in earlier studies. The observations point toward the possible role of ambipolar electric fields in the unexpected observed behavior of the TOF profiles.
Trombe wall's thermal and energy performance—A retrofitting approach for residential buildings in arid climate of Yazd, Iran
Authors: Moosavi Leila , Alidoost Sara , Norouzi Fatemeh , Sattary Sattar , Banihashemi Saeed
Published: July 2022

A Trombe wall is a passive solar technology attached to the building envelope to reduce energy demands. In warm climates, due to overheating problems in the cooling season, its efficiency is limited and proper operation is required. In this study, the thermal behavior of a bedroom of a house equipped with a Trombe wall in Yazd with a hot and arid climate under different design configurations and various masonry materials were investigated using the dynamic simulation software DesignBuilder. Monthly ventilation strategies and a schedule of blinds for external glass cover throughout the year were proposed to optimize its energy efficiency. The blinds are applied for shading solar irradiance during summer. They also increase the system's thermal resistance during winter nights. According to the results, a concrete Trombe wall with 2/3 of the façade area is capable of reducing the heating load by 86%. However, its function for summertime is negative, and even in the insulation mode, it can increase the cooling load by 5%. Natural ventilation with the Trombe wall is applicable during moderate seasons; however, its cooling efficiency is limited compared to cross ventilation. The results also highlight that retrofitting a room with a Trombe wall can reduce the annual energy demand by 63%, which is equal to a reduction of 124 kg CO2 emission.
PIONEER, a high-resolution single-crystal polarized neutron diffractometer
Authors: Liu Yaohua , Cao Huibo , Rosenkranz Stephan , Frost Matthew , Huegle Thomas , Lin Jiao Y. Y. , Torres Peter , Stoica Alexandru , Chakoumakos Bryan C.
Published: July 2022

PIONEER is a high Q-resolution, single-crystal, polarized neutron diffractometer at the Second Target Station (STS), Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It will provide the unprecedented capability of measuring tiny crystals (0.001 mm3, i.e., x-ray diffraction size), ultra-thin films (10 nm thickness), and weak structural and magnetic transitions. PIONEER benefits from the increased peak brightness of STS cold-neutron sources and uses advanced Montel mirrors that are able to deliver a focused beam with a high brilliance transfer, a homogeneous profile, and a low background. Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the optimized instrument has a high theoretical peak brilliance of 2.9 × 1012 n cm−2 sr−1 Å−1 s−1 at 2.5 Å at the sample position, within a 5 × 5 mm2 region and a ±0.3° divergence range. The moderator-to-sample distance is 60 m, providing a nominal wavelength band of 4.3 Å with a wavelength resolution better than 0.2% in the wavelength range of 1.0–6.0 Å. PIONEER is capable of characterizing large-scale periodic structures up to 200 Å. With a sample-to-detector distance of 0.8 m, PIONEER accommodates various sample environments, including low/high temperature, high pressure, and high magnetic/electric field. A large cylindrical detector array (4.0 sr) with a radial collimator is planned to suppress the background scattering from sample environments. Bottom detector banks provide an additional 0.4 sr coverage or can be removed if needed to accommodate special sample environments. We present virtual experimental results to demonstrate the scientific performance of PIONEER in measuring tiny samples.
Temperature measurements in the freezing supercooled water droplet by utilizing molecular tagging thermometry technique
Authors: Wei Anning , Yang Zhigang , Tang Lei , Xiong Bing , Wang Peng , Jin Zheyan
Published: July 2022

In the present study, we report novel methods to achieve accurate temperature measurements inside the water droplet at its supercooled state as well as during its freezing process. The temperature measurements were based on the molecular tagging thermometry technique. In order to maintain the nonfreezing state of the phosphorescent tracer complex aqueous solution at a subfreezing temperature, a double-layer temperature control container was designed and fabricated. Then, the calibration between the lifetime and temperature of the phosphorescent tracer complex aqueous solution from 7.5 °C to as low as −6.0 °C was carefully performed. Then, the ice fraction (f) was applied to revise the calibration curve for the ice–liquid mixture. The results indicated that the calibration curve for the pure liquid was suitable for the temperature measurements of the pure phosphorescent triplex solution at the supercooling state, while the revised calibration curve for the ice–liquid mixture was appropriate for the temperature measurements in the water droplet during its freezing stage.
A phase-space semiclassical approach for modeling nonadiabatic nuclear dynamics with electronic spin
Authors: Wu Yanze , Bian Xuezhi , Rawlinson Jonathan I. , Littlejohn Robert G. , Subotnik Joseph E.
Published: July 2022

Chemical relaxation phenomena, including photochemistry and electron transfer processes, form a vigorous area of research in which nonadiabatic dynamics plays a fundamental role. However, for electronic systems with spin degrees of freedom, there are few if any applicable and practical quasiclassical methods. Here, we show that for nonadiabatic dynamics with two electronic states and a complex-valued Hamiltonian that does not obey time-reversal symmetry (as relevant to many coupled nuclear-electronic-spin systems), the optimal semiclassical approach is to generalize Tully’s surface hopping dynamics from coordinate space to phase space. In order to generate the relevant phase-space adiabatic surfaces, one isolates a proper set of diabats, applies a phase gauge transformation, and then diagonalizes the total Hamiltonian (which is now parameterized by both R and P). The resulting algorithm is simple and valid in both the adiabatic and nonadiabatic limits, incorporating all Berry curvature effects. Most importantly, the resulting algorithm allows for the study of semiclassical nonadiabatic dynamics in the presence of spin–orbit coupling and/or external magnetic fields. One expects many simulations to follow as far as modeling cutting-edge experiments with entangled nuclear, electronic, and spin degrees of freedom, e.g., experiments displaying chiral-induced spin selectivity.
Symbolic regression development of empirical equations for diffusion in Lennard-Jones fluids
Authors: Alam Todd M. , Allers Joshua P. , Leverant Calen J. , Harvey Jacob A.
Published: July 2022

Symbolic regression (SR) with a multi-gene genetic program has been used to elucidate new empirical equations describing diffusion in Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluids. Examples include equations to predict self-diffusion in pure LJ fluids and equations describing the finite-size correction for self-diffusion in binary LJ fluids. The performance of the SR-obtained equations was compared to that of both the existing empirical equations in the literature and to the results from artificial neural net (ANN) models recently reported. It is found that the SR equations have improved predictive performance in comparison to the existing empirical equations, even though employing a smaller number of adjustable parameters, but show an overall reduced performance in comparison to more extensive ANNs.
The interaction between droplet evaporation and turbulence with interface-resolved direct numerical simulation
Authors: Shao Changxiao , Jin Tai , Luo Kun
Published: July 2022

Direct numerical simulation of the evaporation of interface-resolved liquid droplets in decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence is performed in this study. The effect of the evaporation on droplet dynamics and turbulence is investigated by examining the turbulence kinetic energy, the dissipation rate, the power of surface tension and evaporation, and the flow topology structures. It is shown that the evaporation process can attenuate the turbulence kinetic energy, especially in the liquid phase. The hybrid power of surface tension and evaporation is shown to have a strong correlation with the rate of change in interface area, which is also derived mathematically. This work gives us a better understanding of the interaction between evaporating droplets and turbulence through using a high-fidelity interface-resolved method and potentially serves as the database to improve the droplet evaporation models in the dense spray zone.
Kick-out diffusion of Al in 4H-SiC: an ab initio study
Authors: Huang Yuanchao , Qian Yixiao , Zhang Yiqiang , Yang Deren , Pi Xiaodong
Published: July 2022

As a semiconductor with a wide bandgap, 4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC) has considerable potential for high-temperature and high-power devices. It is widely established that p-type 4H-SiC is formed predominantly by doping Al. Although Al diffusion in 4H-SiC is often negligible at low temperatures due to the tight bonding of Al in 4H-SiC, the diffusion coefficient of Al dramatically rises when the temperature is rather high. While diffusion is the most fundamental physical processes, the diffusion mechanism of Al in 4H-SiC remains unknown. Due to the large atomic radius of Al relative to the host Si/C atoms and the fact that Al occupies the Si lattice in 4H-SiC, the diffusion of Al is typically mediated by point defects such as vacancies and self-interstitials. We now investigate the diffusion of Al in 4H-SiC using first-principles calculations and compare the activation energy of Al diffusion mediated by carbon vacancies (VC) to that of Al diffusion mediated by Si interstitials (Sii). It is found that Al diffusion is actually a Sii-mediated process, in which a nearby Sii first kicks a substitutional Al atom to an interstitial site. The kicked-out Al then spreads via interstitial sites. The diffusion coefficient is calculated, which is comparable to experimental results.