bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eye-tracking with iPads
Authors: Taore Aryaman
Published: September 2023

Although eye-tracking is an increasingly important technique for neuroscience research, the scope of its application – and in particular its clinical relevance – is limited by a reliance on dedicated eye-tracking hardware. Here we compare the performance of an eye-tracking system implemented on an Apple iPad tablet computer - using both this device’s infrared head-tracking capabilities, and front-facing camera- to a dedicated infrared eye-tracker. We simultaneously estimated gaze location with the iPad and dedicated eyetracker while 28 observers performed a variety of tasks involving controlled eye movements (reading, pursuit, fixation, etc). On average, across all participants, the estimation of gaze position using an iPad is significantly less accurate and precise, with a mean absolute error of 3.2 deg (± 2.0 deg standard deviation) as measured using the Fixation task. However, for tasks eliciting large saccades, in this study for example for the Letter Saccade task, eye-tracking measures (e.g., saccade velocity, fixation stability etc.) derived from an iPad and the infrared eyetracker were correlated (r>0.45, p<0.05). Consequently iPad-based eye-tracking could, for example, support classification of individuals based on their saccadic eye movements provided the differences between groups were large enough. Specifically, an effect size with Cohen’s d>0.6 was found to be adequate to classify groups of individuals based on a task eliciting large saccadic eye movements greater than 8 deg). We discuss the potential for eyetracking using ubiquitous consumer devices like iPads to support practical home-based diagnosis and monitoring of a range of clinical conditions at scale.
State-of-the-art in engineering small molecule biosensors and their applications in metabolic engineering
Authors: Chaisupa Patarasuda , Wright R. Clay
Published: September 2023

Genetically encoded biosensors are crucial for enhancing our understanding of how molecules regulate biological systems. Small molecule biosensors, in particular, help us understand the interaction between chemicals and biological processes. They also accelerate metabolic engineering by increasing screening throughput and eliminating the need for sample preparation through traditional chemical analysis. Additionally, they offer significantly higher spatial and temporal resolution in cellular analyte measurements. In this review, we discuss recent progress in in vivo biosensors and control systems—biosensor-based controllers—in metabolic engineering. We also explore specifically protein-based biosensors that utilize less commonly exploited signaling mechanisms, such as protein stability and induced degradation, compared to more prevalent transcription factor and allosteric regulation mechanism. We proposed that these lesser-used mechanisms will be significant for engineering eukaryotic systems and slower-growing prokaryotic systems where protein turnover may facilitate more rapid and reliable measurement and regulation of the current cellular state. Lastly, we emphasize the utilization of cutting-edge and state-of-the-art techniques in the development of protein-based biosensors, achieved through rational design, directed evolution, and collaborative approaches.
Insomnia and Heart Health: A Complex Relationship
Authors: Ashokkumar Chiraag , Paruchuri Tejashwi
Published: September 2023

This comprehensive review meticulously examines the empirical evidence regarding the intricate relationship between cardiovascular disease and insomnia, emphasizing insomnia's independent impact beyond traditional coronary risk factors. Insomnia, affecting about 10% of the population, is scrutinized by synthesizing evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies, firmly establishing its autonomous role in elevating cardiovascular disease and mortality risk. Compelling correlations emerge between subjective sleep complaints and heart-related incidents, emphasizing the significance of established cardiovascular risk factors. Importantly, men reporting sleep disturbances exhibit increased heart-related mortality risk, even after adjusting for variables. Concurrently, dissatisfaction with sleep aligns with abbreviated sleep durations and heightened use of sleep aids, particularly among men. Furthermore, this investigation unveils a robust association between feelings of melancholy, sleep disturbances, and elevated mortality risk. Notably, the use of sleep aids has negligible influence on mortality risk. These findings illuminate the intricate interplay of sleep-related factors on cardiovascular health. Regarding hypertension, this study reveals significant insights. Subjective sleep disturbances, notably difficulties in sleep initiation (DIS), profoundly link to hypertension risk. Brief sleep durations, especially around 5 hours, exacerbate hypertension risk, primarily in individuals aged 32 to 59. Interestingly, insomnia symptoms robustly predict cardiovascular disease and heightened hypertension risk. Paradoxically, subjective DIS predicts reduced hypertension risk among men. Combining insomnia symptoms and truncated sleep durations synergistically amplifies hypertension risk. Additionally, the investigation delves into the relationship between nighttime systolic blood pressure, altered autonomic activity, and insomnia, elucidating complex interactions within cardiovascular health.
Collaborative imagination synchronizes representations of the future and fosters social connection in the present
Authors: Fowler Zoe , Palombo Daniela , Madan Christopher R , O'Connor Brendan Bo
Published: September 2023

From close friends to people on a first date, imagining a shared future appears fundamental to relationships. Yet, no previous research has conceptualized the act of imagination as a socially constructed process that affects how connected we feel to others. The present studies provide a new framework for investigating imagination as a collaborative process in which individuals co-create shared representations of hypothetical events–what we call collaborative imagination. Across two pre-registered studies (N=244), we provide the first evidence that collaborative imagination of a shared future fosters social connection in novel dyads– beyond imagining a shared future individually or shared experience in general. Subjective ratings and natural language processing of participants’ imagined narratives illuminate the representational features of imagined events shaped by collaborative imagination. Together, the present findings have the potential to shift how we view the structure and function of imagination with implications for better understanding interpersonal relationships and collective cognition.
Language-like efficiency and structure in house finch song
Authors: Youngblood Mason
Published: September 2023

Communication needs to be complex enough to be functional while minimizing learning and production costs. Recent work suggests that the vocalizations and gestures of some songbirds, cetaceans, and great apes may conform to linguistic laws that reflect this trade-off between efficiency and complexity. In studies of non-human communication, though, clustering signals into types cannot be done a priori, and decisions about the appropriate grain of analysis may affect statistical signals in the data. The aim of this study was to assess the evidence for language-like efficiency and structure in house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus) song across three levels of granularity in syllable clustering. The results show strong evidence for Zipf’s rank-frequency law, Zipf’s law of abbreviation, and Menzerath’s law. Additional analyses show that house finch songs have small-world structure, thought to reflect systematic structure in syntax, and the mutual information decay of sequences is consistent with a combination of Markovian and hierarchical processes. These statistical patterns are robust across three levels of granularity in syllable clustering, pointing to a limited form of scale invariance. In sum, it appears that house finch song has been shaped by pressure for efficiency, possibly to offset the costs of female preferences for complexity.
Are Chatbots the New Relationship Experts? Insights from Three Studies
Authors: Vowels Laura Marika
Published: September 2023

Relationship distress is among the most important predictors of individual distress. Over one in three couples report distress in relationships but despite the distress, couples only rarely seek help from couple therapists and instead prefer to seek information and advice online. The recent breakthroughs in the development of humanlike artificial intelligence-powered chatbots such as ChatGPT have recently made it possible to develop chatbots which respond therapeutically. Early research suggests that they outperform physicians in helpfulness and empathy in answering health-related questions. However, we do not yet know how well chatbots respond to questions about relationships. Across three studies, we evaluated the performance of chatbots in responding to relationship-related questions and in engaging in a single session relationship therapy. In Studies 1 and 2, we demonstrated that chatbots are perceived as more helpful and empathic than relationship experts and in Study 3, we showed that relationship therapists rate single sessions with a chatbot high on attributes such as empathy, active listening, and exploration. Limitations include repetitive responding and inadequate assessment of risk. The findings show the potential of using chatbots in relationship support and highlight the limitations which need to be addressed before they can be safely adopted for interventions.
What Is the Moral Person Like? An Examination of the Shared and Unique Perspectives on Moral Character
Authors: Pringle Victoria , Sun Jessie , Carlson Erika
Published: September 2023

The psychological profile of the moral person might depend on whose perspective is being used. Here, we decompose moral impressions into three components: a) Shared Moral Character (shared variance across self- and informant-reports), b) Moral Identity (how a person uniquely views their morality), and c) Moral Reputation (how others uniquely view that person’s morality). In two samples (total N = 458), we used an extended version of the Trait-Reputation-Identity model (McAbee & Connelly, 2016) to examine the extent to which each perspective accounts for the overall variance in moral impressions and the degree to which social and personal outcomes were associated with each perspective, controlling for method variance (i.e., positivity and acquiescence bias). Results suggest that moral character impressions are strongly influenced by positivity and largely idiosyncratic. All components were related to higher levels of agreeableness. For the most part, however, the three components had unique correlates: people higher in Shared Moral Character tended to have higher standings on conscientiousness and honesty-humility, were more respected, and donated more during an in-lab game; people higher in Moral Identity endorsed various moral foundations to a greater extent; and people higher in Moral Reputation valued the loyalty foundation less. These results demonstrate the value of considering multiple perspectives when measuring moral character.
The ADHD vocabulary size advantage: Monolingual and bilingual young adults with ADHD have larger vocabularies than controls
Authors: Brouillard Melanie , Byers-Heinlein Krista
Published: September 2023

Individuals with ADHD and bilinguals have each been considered vulnerable to vocabulary deficits compared to their peers. However, the interaction of ADHD and bilingualism in affecting vocabulary in both languages has yet to be studied. We tested whether a 'double disadvantage' exists for bilinguals with ADHD by measuring the vocabularies of 391 young adults who spoke English and/or French. In Study 1, we categorized them into one of four groups: monolinguals and bilinguals with and without ADHD. Individuals with ADHD had larger vocabularies than those without ADHD, in monolinguals and bilinguals alike, and in both their languages. In Study 2, bilingualism and ADHD status were assessed continuously. Bilingualism and ADHD interacted in both languages such that those with greater ADHD symptomatology had larger vocabularies, particularly for monolinguals and less balanced bilinguals. These findings refute the notion of a 'double disadvantage' and instead point to an overall ADHD vocabulary advantage.
Mindfulness-based Real-time fMRI Neurofeedback: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Optimize Dosing for Depressed Adolescents (Study Protocol)
Authors: Bloom Paul Alexander , Pagliaccio David , Zhang Jiahe , Bauer Clemens C.C. , Kyler Mia , Greene Keara D. , Treves Isaac N , Morfini Francesca , Durham Katherine , Cherner Rachel , Bajwa Zia , Wool Emma , Olafsson Valur , Lee Ray F. , Cardona Jonathan , Kirshenbaum Jaclyn Schwartz , Ghosh Satrajit S , Hinds Oliver , Wighton Paul , Galfalvy Hanga , Simpson Blair H. , Whitfield-Gabrieli Susan , Auerbach Randy Patrick
Published: September 2023

Adolescence is characterized by a heightened vulnerability for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) onset, and currently, treatments are only effective for roughly half of adolescents with MDD. Accordingly, novel interventions are urgently needed. This study aims to establish mindfulness-based real-time fMRI neurofeedback (mbNF) as a non-invasive approach to downregulate the default mode network (DMN) in order to decrease ruminatory processes and depressive symptoms. Adolescents (N=90) with a current diagnosis of MDD ages 13-18-years-old will be randomized in a parallel group, two-arm, superiority trial to receive either 15 or 30 minutes of mbNF with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Real-time neurofeedback based on activation of the frontoparietal network (FPN) relative to the DMN will be displayed to participants via the movement of a ball on a computer screen while participants practice mindfulness in the scanner. We hypothesize that within-DMN (medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC] with posterior cingulate cortex [PCC]) functional connectivity will be reduced following mbNF (Aim 1: Target Engagement). Additionally, we hypothesize that participants in the 30-minute mbNF condition will show greater reductions in within-DMN functional connectivity (Aim 2: Dosing Impact on Target Engagement). Aim 1 will analyze data from all participants as a single-group, and Aim 2 will leverage the randomized assignment to analyze data as a parallel-group trial. Secondary analyses will probe changes in depressive symptoms and rumination. Results of this study will determine whether mbNF reduces functional connectivity within the DMN among adolescents with MDD, and critically, will identify the optimal dosing with respect to DMN modulation as well as reduction in depressive symptoms and rumination. This study has been registered with clinicaltrials.gov, most recently updated on July 6, 2023 (trial identifier: NCT05617495).
Open Access Violence: Legacies of White Supremacist Data-Making at the Penn Museum, from the Morton Cranial Collection to the MOVE Remains
Authors: Monteiro Lyra
Published: September 2023

This article examines how openly sharing data online can continue the dehumanizing work of 19th century “collectors” who stole the bodies of colonized peoples. It addresses the ongoing controversies at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology(“Penn Museum”), over the interlinked weaponization of over one thousand crania used by racial scientist Samuel George Morton, and the remains of two Black children murdered by the police in the 1985 MOVE bombing, and asks, how can descendant communities regain their kinand take control of the data the museum has extracted from them? And how can archaeologists within colonial institutions support them?
Traps of the Morkoka River Basin and their morphology as response to the possible presence of kimberlites
Authors: Tomshin M. D. , Gogoleva S. S.
Published: September 2023

The traps in outcrops of the middle course of the Morkoka River were formed in three stages and implementation phases. Each subsequent introduction phase of the basite melt was distinguished by its petrogeochemical features, degree of crystallization of the magmatic melt, and density. An unusual form of intrusion introduction in the second phase (crushing of the sill and the introduction of an early intrusion into the rocks) was revealed. During the formation of kimberlite diatremes, the carbonate rocks containing them became denser and thermoelastic stress fields associated with the magnetoelastic Villari effect arose. As a result, the so-called “protective shield” was formed around the kimberlites. A comparison of the trap sill behavior of the Morkoka River with the similar behavior of traps near kimberlites (Komsomolskaya and Morkoka tubes) suggests the presence of an unknown kimberlite body under traps in this area.
Geochemical features of organic matter in the Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Ozhoginskaya Suite (Indigiro-Zyryansky basin)
Authors: Zueva I. N. , Chalaya O. N. , Kashirtsev V. A. , Glyaznetsova Yu. S. , Lifshits S. Kh.
Published: September 2023

Limited available data on molecular geochemistry indicate the predominance of terragenous organic matter in the source material of the Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Ozhoginskaya suite, which allows it to be considered gasgenerating. However, based on the mixed nature of the source material, this suite could possess potential for liquid hydrocarbon generation. The geochemical features of the organic matter were studied using classical bituminology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry. The results showed a regular distribution of alkanes with a predominance of low-molecular-weight homologues with a maximum at nC15-19 and low values of ∑n.c.-nC20/∑nC21-c.c., vanadylporphyrin complexes. Thus, the contribution of algal material could be significant to the composition of the fossil organic matter of the Lower Cretaceous Ozhoginsky suite with different ratios of terrigenous and aquatic components in the section. Our results on the Ozhoginskaya suite showed the similarity of geochemical parameters with the Upper Bastakh suite of the Upper Jurassic, the features of bitumoid composition, which were mainly due to the predominance of planktonic-algal material capable of generating a large amount of liquid hydrocarbons. This established similarity raises the estimate of the oil generation potential of the organic matter of the Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Ozhoginskaya suite, along with the high gas generation potential inherent in terragenous organic matter.
Identification of thermal anomalies in Yakutsk using satellite data
Authors: Struchkova G. P. , Krupnova T. G. , Rakova O. V. , Tikhonova S. A. , Shein N. S. , Kapitonova T. A.
Published: September 2023

Thermal anomalies in the city, otherwise called “heat islands, “are formed under the influence of anthropogenic factors. In Yakutsk, temperature anomalies were caused by GRES-1, GRES-2, and other industrial complexes. The crowding of residential buildings and structures prevents the movement of air masses and makes it impossible to maintain the condition of the cryolithozone at the proper level, which contributes to the degradation of permafrost in a warming climate. We propose to didentify “heat islands” in Yakutsk using remote sensing methods, based on the data of the thermal infrared range of the Landsat 8 satellite, which provides information with an interval of 16 days. The thermal anomalies in various areas of Yakutsk and its vicinity in summer and winter, which create zones of possible permafrost degradation and affect the geocryological safety of the city, were analyzed based on the proposed methodology. This information will make it possible to monitor the process of changes in the temperature field of a territory and implement preventive measures for the stability of buildings and structures.
Biomonitoring of the environment of the Arctic urbanized area using the pollen of Sorbus gorodkovii Pojark
Authors: Vasilevskaya N. V. , Sikalyuk A. I.
Published: September 2023

This article investigates the content of heavy metals (Cu, Ni, V, Cd, Zn) in the reproductive organs of the Gorodkov’s rowan (Sorbus gorodkovii Pojark.) growing in the impact zone of environmentally hazardous facilities in Murmansk (CHP plants, waste incineration plant and trade sea port). The samples most contaminated by heavy metals were registered in the vicinity of the incineration plant. High concentrations of vanadium (4,2–4,8 mg/kg) and Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn exceeding the limits of MPC are revealed in the impact zone of CHP plants operating on fuel oil. Biomonitoring of the viability of S. gorodkovii pollen showed that in all samples, the content of fertile pollen grains was reduced compared to that in the control. At the test sites of the Central and South CHP plants, the proportion of fertile pollen was 35–41 % (compared to 72 % in the control sample). The induced sterility was more than two times higher than the spontaneous sterility. High concentrations of vanadium and other toxic metals in emissions of Heating Plants have a gametocidal effect on the male gametophyte of S. gorodkovii. Groups of fertile and sterile pollen grains were selected according to their size: dwarf, normal, or hypertrophied. In the vicinity of the CHP plants, the proportion of fertile pollen of normal size decreased (62–69 %), whereas the content of dwarf (16–18 %) and hypertrophic pollen (17.4–22.7 %) increased. Sterile pollen grains were mostly dwarf (63–70 %). The results of biomonitoring indicated that CHP plants polluted the urban environment with vanadium and other toxic metals, which caused sterilization of S. gorodkovii male gametes. To improve the ecological situation in Murmansk, it is necessary to switch the thermal stations for the use of natural gas.
Data on hunting use of waterfowl resources in Yakutia
Authors: Solokha A. V. , Blokhin Yu. Yu.
Published: September 2023

Scientific information on waterfowl harvesting in Yakutia is mostly outdated. The lack of reliable bag data prevents the establishment of sustainable use of waterfowl resources under the conditions of massive shooting and a modified legislation base. This research aimed to collect and analyze contemporary information on the hunting take of waterfowl (Anatidae, Coot, loons, and grebes) in Yakutia. We used data from the State Hunting Registry (2017–2022) to estimate the total harvest. Species-specific shares in hunting bags were identified using digital photographs of shot birds collected from the Internet in 2015, 2017, and 2018 (around 1000 photos). The distribution and results of traditional spring hunting of scoters were studied through a survey of hunters conducted in 2015. On average, 18,400 geese and 200,000 ducks were shot during the summer-autumn season, whereas 26,600 geese and 160,500 ducks were shot during the spring season. Overall, 23 waterfowl species were identified, namely three species of geese, 17 species of ducks, Coot, Arctic Loon, and Red-necked Grebe. The autumn bag included 22 species, of which the bean goose, mallard, Eurasian wigeon, and common teal were the most abundant. Spring bags consisted of 14 species with prevailing bean geese, common teals, northern pintails, and mallards. Based on “least concern” international and national conservation status we suggest to exclude the Chinese Spot-billed Duck, Gadwall, Common Scoter and Coot from the Red Data Book of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and resume their hunting use.
Post-fire reforestation of pine forests adjacent to the tukulans of the Lena-Vilyui interfluve
Authors: Gabysheva L. P.
Published: September 2023

This article presents the results of forestry and geobotanical studies of post-fire communities in pine forests adjacent to large sandy deserts, tukulans, in the Lena-Vilyui interfluve. Pine forests, which are widespread in the middle and around the tukulans, have recently become highly susceptible to fires, as the entire territory of the Lena-Vilyui interfluve. In 2019, we collected materials on post-fire communities in multi-age burned areas, which supplement a few pieces of information regarding post-fire reforestation. We found that the vast areas of the studied region were occupied by pyrogenic communities. We assumed that the natural regeneration of Scotch pine in the vicinity of tukulans was unsatisfactory, with 0.3–0.95 thousand pieces of pine undergrowth/ha. Post-fire communities can become launching pads for the development of modern aeolian processes or can expand the area of existing tukulans.
Nanostructured carbon films obtained by CH4 plasma deposition and annealing at high temperature: structural features and their effects on electrical and optoelectronic properties
Authors: Prokopev A. R. , Neustroev E. P.
Published: September 2023

This article is dedicated to the study of the structural, electrical, and optoelectronic properties of nanostructured carbon films obtained by methane plasma deposition, followed by annealing at high temperatures (650–800 °C). The conditions for obtaining the films affected the final physicochemical parameters. We studied the film morphology using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray energy-dispersive analysis, and analysis of the current voltage (C-V) characteristics. The film thickness ranged from 20 to 150 nm, with a C/O ratio of 4:1. Structural studies have shown that the resulting nanostructured carbon films consist mainly of nanographite flakes, the lateral dimensions of which lie in the lateral size (La) range of 5 to 12 nm, and contain different fractional concentrations of sp3/sp2 crystalline phases of carbon. We have established that with an increase in the annealing temperature, the defectiveness of the carbon film structure increases; however, at the same time, the degree of graphitization increases, as indicated by the Raman spectroscopy data and the calculated values of layer resistances from the C-V characteristics. The values of photocurrents were calculated, from which it was found that the samples exhibited photosensitivity in the temperature range of room temperature to –173 °C, based on the temperature dependences of the C-V. The obtained results can be useful in creating day and night light sensors as well as temperature sensors suitable for use at low temperatures.
Mineral composition, physical and mechanical properties of mammoth tusks of different grades
Authors: Solovev T. M. , Isakova T. A. , Pavlova V. V. , Botvin G. V. , Chirikov A. A. , Petrov V. V. , Petukhova E. S.
Published: September 2023

According to current regulations, mammoth tusk (MT) grades are identified based on their appearance (integrity and geometric parameters), without considering their mineralization features, mechanical properties, and humidity. However, these characteristics specify approaches for the storage and bone cutting processing of raw materials. This study aimed to investigate the features of mineralization and the relationships between the physical and mechanical properties of MT and their grades. We studied MT samples from Grades I to IV. Their mineral compositions were determined using X-ray phase analysis. The indicators of maximum moisture saturation and dynamics of the change in mass after drying were identified according to the MT grade. The dependence of the physical and mechanical properties of various grades of MT on their moisture content was established. X-ray phase analysis revealed that MT Grades III and IV differed from Grades I and II in the presence of phosphate mineral impurities. We found that the presence of cracks and pores in the studied samples significantly affected the index of maximum water saturation and nature of moisture loss. The study of the physical and mechanical properties of the MT samples showed that with an increase in moisture content, the compressive strength decreased. We also proved that the physical and mechanical properties of MT did not depend on their grades.
Study of Some Fungal Diseases of Tomato in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Jha Sanjay Kumar , Lamichhane Sita
Published: September 2023

Tomato plants were observed and collected the infected part from Jitpurphedi of Kathmandu, Nepal. These infected parts were kept in pathology lab for fungal isolation. The isolated fungus from the infected tomato plants were as Septoria lycopersici, Cladosporium oxysporum were responsible for leaf spot, Phytophthora infestans and Rhizoctonia solani were responsible for Leaf blight, Cladosporium cladosporioides was responsible for fruit rot, Leveilullataurica was responsible for powdery mildew and Plasmoparaviticola was responsible for downey mildew disease. In the survey period, the highest incidence was found at leaf blight (30.08%) and lowest at stem rot (4.64%). In the case of severity, the maximum severity was found at Downey mildew (77%) and minimum was recorded at fruit rot (5.25%) on five different plastic houses.
Comparative analysis of Ram-Rajya and Gandhiji's concept of Ram-Rajya as a concept of ideal state in Indian thought
Authors: Mishra Shyam Mohan
Published: September 2023

The concept of Ram Rajya has always been presented as an ideal state in Indian political thinking. Ram Rajya is such a system in which not only individuals but all living beings, whether movable or immovable or the entire creation, get a life of happiness and peace. Ramrajya as an ideal state has been accepted in the Indian tradition as a better ideal than Plato's ideal political system. It is not without reason that Mahatma Gandhi also calls his Swaraj as Ram Rajya and explains the nature of Ram Rajya. Regarding the nature of Ram Rajya, it is believed in the Indian public mind, especially in the Hindu public mind and to some extent even in the Muslim public mind, that Ram Rajya is a state of justice. Ram Rajya is not related to the theocratic state as is the form of theocratic state in Islamic and Christian traditions. The meaning of religion in the Indian tradition is fundamentally different from the meaning of religion in the Abrahamic tradition. This is the reason that when Gandhiji talks about Ram-Rajya during the freedom movement, the leadership of Muslim League associates it with Hindu theocratic state. Gandhiji clarifies many times that Ram Rajya does not mean Hindu state but Ram Rajya is a state of justice, love and welfare. An attempt has been made to analyze in this research paper what are the similarities and differences between the traditional Indian political thinking about Ramrajya, such as Tulsidas ji's thinking, Valmiki's thinking and Gandhi ji's thinking.

Abstract in Hindi Language:

भारतीय राजनीतिक चिंतन में आदर्श राज्य के रूप में राम राज्य की संकल्पना हमेशा से प्रस्तुत की जाती रही है । राम राज्य एक ऐसी व्यवस्था है जिसमें व्यक्तियों को ही नहीं वरन् समस्त प्राणियों को चाहे भी चर हो या अचर हो या फिर समस्त सृष्टि को ही सुख और शांति का जीवन प्राप्त होता है । आदर्श राज्य के रूप में रामराज्य प्लेटो की आदर्श राजनीतिक व्यवस्था से भी बेहतर आदर्श के रूप में भारतीय परंपरा में स्वीकार किया गया है ।  अकारण नहीं है महात्मा गांधी भी अपने स्वराज को राम राज्य की संज्ञा देते हैं और राम राज्य के स्वरूप को स्पष्ट करते हैं । राम राज्य के स्वरूप को लेकर भारतीय जन मानस में विशेष रूप से हिंदू जनमानस में एवं कहीं तक मुस्लिम जन मानस में भी यह माना गया है की राम राज्य न्याय का राज्य है। राम राज्य का संबंध धर्मतांत्रिक राज्य से नहीं है जैसा की इस्लामिक एवं इसाई परंपरा में धर्मतांत्रिक राज्य का स्वरूप है । भारतीय परंपरा में  धर्म का अर्थ अब्राहमिक  परंपरा में धर्म के अर्थ से मौलिक रूप से भिन्न है । यही कारण है कि जब स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन के दौरान गांधी जी राम-राज्य की बात करते हैं तो मुस्लिम लीग का नेतृत्व उसे हिंदू धर्मतांत्रिक राज्य के साथ जोड़ देता है । गांधी जी कई बार स्पष्ट करते हैं कि राम राज्य का अर्थ हिंदू राज्य नहीं है वरन राम-राज्य न्याय का , प्रेम का और कल्याण का राज्य है । रामराज्य के बारे में परंपरागत भारतीय राजनीतिक चिंतन में जैसे तुलसीदास जी के चिंतन में वाल्मीकि की चिंतन में और गांधी जी के चिंतन में क्या समानता एवं भेद है इसे इस शोध पत्र में विश्लेषित करने का प्रयास किया गया है।

Keywords: रामराज्य, सत्य, अहिंसा, आदर्श राज्य, लोकतंत्र, स्वराज, लोक कल्याण
GEOINFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING THE OCCURRENCE OF FIRE DANGER OF INTERCONNECTED VEGETATION AREAS ACCORDING TO NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC CONDITIONS
Authors: Glagolev V.A.
Published: September 2023

On the basis of a deterministic-probabilistic model for assessing the occurrence of fires of interconnected vegetation areas according to natural and anthropogenic conditions, a geoinformation system has been developed, consisting of a database and blocks for access to open data and searching adjacent neighborhoods, calculating meteorological and anthropogenic fire danger, and for regulating forest protection measures. Databases contain information about vegetation fires, data from hydrometeorological stations and anthropogenic sources. To account for the influence of interconnected areas on fire danger, a complex with an algorithm for searching vegetation quarters was used and its integration with the blocks of the geoinformation system was carried out. The architecture of the geoinformation system is based on a three-tier distribution, including a database server with API access support, an application broker and an application for visualization of calculation results. The API server stores structured data from open sources accessible via application exchange protocols, the application broker contains functions for data collection, calculation of indicators and their visualization in third-party applications. To build electronic maps, open data from the OpenStreetMap resource for the districts of the Russian Federation in the WSG 84 cartographic projection was used. Individual vegetation fires were obtained according to MODIS satellite monitoring data from 2013 to 2022. The attribute data of fires contain the identifier, the coordinates of the center, the area of ignition, the date of detection and elimination, the forest and non-forest area. Verification of the system is planned to be carried out in the fire season 2023–2024.
Genetic factors and anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in professional football players: COL3A1 (rs1800255) and COL5A1 (rs12722) polymorphisms
Authors: İPEKOĞLU Gökhan , ÇAKIR Halil İbrahim , BOZKURT Nihan , BÜLBÜL Alpay , SAVKİN Sadegul Tuncer , APAYDIN Necdet
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the genotype and allele distributions of COL3A1 (rs1800255) and COL5A1 (rs12722) polymorphisms of professional footballers who have suffered at least 2 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries non-contact and professional footballers who have never had a ligament injury. The research group consists of 108 professional men's football players ACL group (n=45), Control group (n=63) with at least 10 years of football background. The results ACL and control groups were compared by Chi-square or Fischer’s exact test. There were no significant differences noted neither in terms of genotype distribution of COL3A1 (rs1800255) nor A-allele frequency distribution between control (CON) and ACL group. A highly significant difference in the allele distribution was noted for COL5A1 (rs12722) with the T-allele significantly less frequent in CON than ACL. The TT genotype compared to the C alleles (TC + CC) showed significant relationship between the TT genotype and ACL injury potential in the dominant model. However, it was not showing significance in the recessive (TT + TC vs. CC). In conclusion, it can be said that professional football players who have the COL5A1 rs12722 C allele have about 2 times lower risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. In the COL3A1 rs1800255 polymorphism, there is no relationship between the groups in terms of genotypes and allele distribution.
Nötron Enerji Spektrumlarının Hesaplanması
Authors: GADİRZADE Zaur , ONAY Özlem
Published: September 2023

Bu makalede sunulan çalışma, verilen yakıt iyonu dağılımlarından nötron enerji spektrumunun hesaplanmasına dayanmaktadır. Hesaplanan spektrumun gerçek nötron emisyonu ile uyumlu olup olmadığını görmek için, yakıt iyonu dağılımının belirli bir model veriler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Uygun tasarlanmış bir modelin, birçok farklı parametre seti için nötron spektrumunun hesaplanması ve deneysel verilerin en iyi sonuçlanan değerlerin bulunması tahmin edilebilen bir dizi fiziksel parametreye bağlıdır. Bu çalışma, bu tür nötron spektrum hesaplamalarına genel bir bakış sunmaktadır
Inter-annual changes of zooplankton in the kultuk zone of the Volga River delta in the spring period
Authors: Fedyaeva L.A.
Published: September 2023

The studies conducted in spring have shown the main trends in changes in the structure of zooplankton in the kultuk zone of the Volga River delta in years that differ in hydrological and temperature regimes. It was revealed that in low-water years (2012, 2014), with a decrease in the volume of runoff, water level, and a reduction in the duration of floods, zooplankton was characterized by relatively low species richness, high biomass of Copepoda and Cladocera. At the same time, the highest rates of specific species richness, biomass and abundance of all zooplankton groups were observed at spring of a low-water year (2014), which was characterized by a runoff volume during the flood of 101 km3, a high pre-flood water levels, the absence of a sharp and significant dilution, as well as an early warm spring and gradual warming of the waters. In the year (2012), characterized by a volume of runoff during the flood period of 114 km3, a decrease in water level and a sharp increase in temperature before the flood, and then its rapid rise with dilution by cold waters, zooplankton was distinguished by the minimum species richness, a low number of ecological groups and low abundance of Cladocera, but a high proportion of juvenile copepods (fine filter feeders) and in terms of biomass of active euryphagous predators and euryphagous collectors. In a medium-water year (2013) with a large volume of runoff during the flood of 140 km3, with early and high and long floods, zooplankton was distinguished by a high total number of species encountered, but a minimum abundance and biomass, which is associated with the “dilution effect” and an increase in the areas of flooded rich in higher aquatic vegetation.
Plankton communities of the “Pregolya River – Vistula Lagoon – Kaliningrad Sea Channel (KSC) – Baltic Sea system”
Authors: Semenova A.S. , Dmitrieva O.A.
Published: September 2023

The species composition, abundance and biomass, trophic relationships of phytoplankton and zooplankton, as well as the proportion of dead individuals in zooplankton were studied in the water system "Pregolya River – Kaliningrad Sea Channel (KSC) – Vistula Lagoon – Baltic Sea" in July, August and October 2021. In total 173 taxa of phytoplankton and 73 taxa of zooplankton were found during period of investigation. The maximal species diversity was observed in the summer period, in autumn it was decreasing. The maximum number of taxa for both phyto- and zooplankton was found in the Vistula Lagoon and in the KSC, the minimum – in the Baltic Sea. In summer the 3 communities in phytoplankton, 4 in zooplankton, in autumn – 3 communities in both phyto- and zooplankton were found. The plankton communities were confined to water areas with different salinity: The Pregolya River, the KSC and the Vistula Lagoon, the Baltic Sea. The dominant complex of species at the stations differed; species of a predominantly freshwater complex were noted in the Pregolya River, brackish-water species were found in the Vistula Lagoon, and a marine complex of species was identified at the stations of the sea strait and in the Baltic Sea. More abundant plankton communities both in summer and autumn were in the KSC and the Vistula Lagoon (phytoplankton biomass varied from 1.19 g/m3 to 11.89 g/m3; zooplankton biomass varied from 305 mg/m3 to 1801 mg/m3). In this area the most optimal conditions for the development of plankton were formed such as an increased nutrient content and maximum water heating. Plankton communities both in the Pregolya River and in the Baltic Sea in summer and autumn were less abundant (phytoplankton biomass varied from 0.16 g/m3 to 2.50 g/m3; zooplankton biomass varied from 34 mg/m3 to 468 mg/m3). The most intense trophic relationships in the plankton community in the summer in the Baltic Sea, optimal – in the KSC and in the Vistula Lagoon were formed. The proportion of dead individuals in the zooplankton of the studied system in both seasons was maximal in the areas, which had the critical salinity for hydrobionts and high turbulence conditions such as KSC, the Sea strait and at the exit from Sea strait.
Mixed germ cell tumor infiltrating the pineal gland without elevated tumor markers: illustrative case
Authors: Shiomi Koji , Arakawa Yoshiki , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Yamashita Haruki , Terada Yukinori , Tanji Masahiro , Mineharu Yohei , Umeda Katsutsugu , Uto Megumi , Takita Junko , Haga Hironori , Mizowaki Takashi , Miyamoto Susumu
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Tumors in the pineal region consist of various histological types, and correct diagnosis from biopsy specimens is sometimes difficult. The authors report the case of a patient with a mixed germ cell tumor infiltrating into the pineal gland despite showing no elevation of tumor markers.

OBSERVATIONS

An 18-year-old man complained of headache and nausea and showed disturbance of consciousness. Magnetic resonance imaging showed hydrocephalus associated with a cystic pineal tumor. The patient underwent tumor biopsy followed by endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus in a local hospital. A pineocytoma was diagnosed, and the patient was referred to the authors’ hospital for treatment. Concentrations of placental alkaline phosphatase, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin in cerebrospinal fluid were not elevated. However, the authors’ review of the tumor specimen revealed some immature cells infiltrating the pineal gland. These cells were positive for AFP, Sal-like protein 4, and octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4; and the diagnosis was changed to mixed germ cell tumor. Chemoradiotherapy was initiated, followed by surgical removal of the residual tumor.

LESSONS

Careful examination of all tumor specimens and immunohistochemical analyses are important for accurate diagnosis of pineal tumors.
Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage presenting in a patient with vitamin K deficiency and COVID-19: illustrative case
Authors: Ellens Nathaniel R. , Silberstein Howard J.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to cause more severe symptoms in the adult population, but pediatric patients may experience severe neurological symptoms, including encephalopathy, seizures, and meningeal signs. COVID-19 has also been implicated in both ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular events. This virus inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, decreasing angiotensin (1–7), decreasing vagal tone, disrupting blood pressure autoregulation, and contributing to a systemic vascular inflammatory response, all of which may further increase the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. However, there has only been one reported case of intracranial hemorrhage developing in a pediatric patient with COVID-19.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors discuss the first case of a pediatric patient with COVID-19 presenting with intracranial hemorrhage. This patient presented with lethargy and a bulging fontanelle and was found to have extensive intracranial hemorrhage with hydrocephalus. Laboratory tests were consistent with hyponatremia and vitamin K deficiency. Despite emergency ventriculostomy placement, the patient died of his disease.

LESSONS

This case demonstrates an association between COVID-19 and intracranial hemorrhage, and the authors have described several different mechanisms by which the virus may potentiate this process. This role of COVID-19 may be particularly important in patients who are already at a higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage, such as those with vitamin K deficiency.
Adult isocitrate dehydrogenase–mutant brainstem glioma: illustrative case
Authors: Ye Vincent C. , Landry Alexander P. , Purzner Teresa , Kalyvas Aristotelis , Mohan Nilesh , O’Halloran Philip J. , Gao Andrew , Zadeh Gelareh
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Adult brainstem gliomas are rare entities that demonstrate heterogeneous biology and appear to be distinct from both their pediatric counterparts and adult supratentorial gliomas. Although the role of histone 3 mutations is being increasingly understood in this disease, the effect of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations remains unclear, largely because of limited data.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors present the case of a 29-year-old male with an IDH1-mutant, World Health Organization grade III anaplastic astrocytoma in the dorsal medulla, and they provide a review of the available literature on adult IDH-mutant brainstem glioma. The authors have amassed a cohort of 15 such patients, 7 of whom have survival data available. Median survival is 56 months in this small cohort, which is similar to that for IDH wild-type adult brainstem gliomas.

LESSONS

The authors’ work reenforces previous literature suggesting that the role of IDH mutation in glioma differs between brainstem and supratentorial lesions. Therefore, the authors advocate that adult brainstem gliomas be studied in terms of major molecular subgroups (including IDH mutant) because these gliomas may exhibit fundamental differences from each other, from pediatric brainstem gliomas, and from adult supratentorial gliomas.
KONSERVASI PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN GERAK LOKOMOTOR ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Mukarromah Omah , Maesaroh Tatu , Imtihanudin Dede
Published: September 2023

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan eksperimen dalam rangka mengkonservasi permainan-permainan tradisiona lagar tidak punah karena tergerus oleh arus digitalisasi baik pembelajaran ataupun dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan-kebutuhan hidup orang banyak. Disamping itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana konservasi permainan ini dapat memberikan dapmak pada perkembangan keterampilan gerak lokomotor anak-anak usia dini di wilayah kecamatan Koroncong Kabupaten Pandeglang. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukan untuk memahami, menguraikan dan bahkan menjelaskan fenomena sosial yang ada dengan cara menganalisis pengalaman dari individu-individu atau kelompok (misalnya masyarakat,. menganalisis interaksi dan komunikasi setiap individu atau kelompok.  menganalisis dokumen- dokumen (misalnya teks, gambar, film atau musik). dari hasil penelitian tampak bahwa pemainan tradisional khusunya permainan kucing tikus dan engklek dapat digunakan sebagai strategi pembelajaran dalam melatih perkembangan keterampilan gerak dasar lokomotor anak-anak usia dini.