bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring photobiomodulation of amyloid-β aggregation in 3D cultured cells using label-free nonlinear optical imaging
Authors: Zhou Ting , Zhang Renlong , Ohulchanskyy Tymish Y. , Qu Junle
Published: January 2025

The accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide aggregates, commonly known as plaques, is considered a key hallmark in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, low-level light therapy (LLLT), also referred to as photobiomodulation (PBM), has emerged as a promising treatment approach for AD. Previous studies have shown that PBM reduces Aβ load primarily by enhancing the clearance capabilities of glia cells. However, it remains unclear whether PBM can directly reduce the formation of Aβ plaques in neuronal cells independent of the glia cell effect. In this study, we employed three-dimensional (3D) cultured HEK 293 APPsw cells as an AD model to investigate the impact of PBM on Aβ aggregation. We demonstrated that label-free two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) imaging and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging are effective tools for monitoring Aβ aggregation in 3D cell models. The TPEF imaging results and subsequent quantification revealed that PBM, particularly with low-level near-infrared light from an 808 nm laser (compared to 1064, 1210, and 1470 nm lasers), significantly reduced Aβ aggregation, specifically plaques formation, in the 3D cultured cells, with the effect found to be dose-dependent. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of protein expression in the 3D cultured cells revealed that PBM induces overexpression of the LRP1 receptor, which mediates Aβ degradation and thus leads to the reduction of Aβ aggregation. This study highlights the use of label-free nonlinear optical imaging to monitor Aβ aggregation in AD progression and provides novel insights into the effects of PBM on Aβ plaque formation in AD models.
Flyscan terahertz multi-plane lensless imaging with suppressed coherent noise
Authors: Yan Qiang , Kong Weipeng , Li Guangbin , Chen Chunhai , He Mindi , Gao Peng , Zhou Xun , Li Zeyu
Published: January 2025

Coherent lensless imaging usually suffers from coherent noise and twin-image artifacts. In the terahertz (THz) range, where wavelengths are 2 to 4 orders of magnitude longer than those in the visible spectrum, the coherent noise manifests primarily as parasitic interference fringes and edge diffraction, rather than speckle noise. In this work, to suppress the Fabry-Pérot (F-P) interference fringes, we propose a novel method, which involves the averaging over multiple diffraction patterns that are acquired at equal intervals within a sample’s half-wavelength axial shift. To address edge diffraction, as well as non-uniform illumination, a normalization operation is applied. As the twin-image disturbances when dealing with a single diffraction pattern, multi-plane configuration is employed. With all these strategies combined, we propose a flyscan THz multi-plane lensless imaging technique that enables subwavelength resolution, and high-quality, full-field, and rapid complex-valued THz imaging. Furthermore, we refine two algorithms for image reconstruction: one based on the regular multi-plane alternating projection and the other based on an optimization model with total variation regularization. We experimentally verify the proposed methods, achieving a lateral resolution of 88 µm (0.74λ) at 2.52 THz, and showcase its potential for biomedical applications by imaging a section of mouse brain tissue.
RecNet: advanced encoder-decoder architecture for SHG-FROG pulse reconstruction with enhanced noise immunity and convergence
Authors: Sun Haili , Tan Wenjiang , Yin Yucong , Liu Yuheng , Si Jinhai , Hou Xun
Published: January 2025

This paper presents RecNet, an innovative convolutional neural network designed for reconstructing cecond harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating (SHG-FROG) traces. Unlike conventional approaches, RecNet incorporates noiseless sample constraints through a domain knowledge embedded loss function, enhancing the network's robustness to noise and interpretability. The encoder-decoder architecture is intentionally selected to match the dimensions of the trace diagram with intermediate representations, facilitating the effective application of these constraints. Comparative studies show that RecNet surpasses classical algorithms like PCGPA and network models that do not incorporate domain knowledge constraints in reconstruction accuracy and convergence ratio. Experimental results further confirm the superiority of RecNet.
Transport dynamics of photo-induced carriers in GaN quantum well infrared photodetectors influenced by triangular potentials
Authors: Jiang Fengqiu , Bu Yuyu , Ma Shenhui , Zheng Xuefeng , Hao Yue
Published: January 2025

The intrinsic spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations of GaN lead to the formation of triangular wells and barriers, resulting in the manifestation of chaotic transport models in GaN quantum well intersubband transition (ISBT) infrared detectors and giving rise to various adverse effects. The APSYS software was utilized to construct a novel GaN quantum well ISBT infrared detector in this study. By endeavoring to modify the quantum well structure, our objective was to precisely adjust the energy level of the first excited state (E1) to align with the apex of the triangular barrier. The objective is to reduce the transport barrier for photo-induced carriers and simultaneously investigate the mechanisms through which the triangular potentials influence the transport modes of ISBT infrared detectors. The construction of a GaN/AlGaN quantum well device reveals that the inclusion of 10 periods of 1.7/2.0 nm GaN/Al0.8Ga0.2N in the device structure results in an ISBT absorption wavelength of approximately 1550 nm. In comparison to the deep well structure featuring 2.0/2.0 nm GaN/AlN, the polarization field strengths of both wells and barriers in the quantum well region exhibit a reduction of 23% and 36%, respectively, while the depth of the well decreases by 0.35 eV. The E1 energy level penetrates the region of a triangular barrier, resulting in an approximate 18.5-fold enhancement of the absorption coefficient. By employing innovative transient spectroscopy techniques in conjunction with AC impedance spectroscopy, we have conducted an in-depth analysis of the transport dynamics of photo-induced carriers. The results reveal that the time constant for carrier transport within the E1 energy level, situated in the region of a triangular barrier, amounts to 318.9 ps, thereby indicating a remarkable enhancement in the overall transport process. Furthermore, based on impedance spectroscopy data, this work has successfully derived equivalent circuit models for various quantum well structures and distinct carrier transport pathways, thus providing valuable theoretical insights to optimize photo-induced carrier transportation.
Influence of the laser-plume interaction on the beam profile during deep-penetration welding with coherent beam shaping
Authors: Brinkmeier David , Wagner Jonas , Sawannia Michael , Wahl Johannes , Menold Tobias , Stritt Peter , Ramsayer Reiner , Graf Thomas , Michalowski Andreas
Published: January 2025

A high-power laser beam profiling system was set up to investigate the influence of the interaction between the laser beam and the process emissions during welding with a shaped beam profile. A positional instability of the beam on the workpiece in the order of magnitude of tens of µm and noticeable distortions of the beam shape were observed when no cross jet was used. Both perturbations were reduced when a cross jet was applied to remove the process emissions from the beam path and minimized when the cross jet was positioned closest to the workpiece.
Braided interferometer mesh for robust photonic matrix-vector multiplications with non-ideal components
Authors: Marchesin Federico , Hejda Matĕj , Melendez Carmona Tzamn , Di Carlo Stefano , Savino Alessandro , Pavanello Fabio , Van Vaerenbergh Thomas , Bienstman Peter
Published: January 2025

Matrix-vector multiplications (MVMs) are essential for a wide range of applications, particularly in modern machine learning and quantum computing. In photonics, there is growing interest in developing architectures capable of performing linear operations with high speed, low latency, and minimal loss. Traditional interferometric photonic architectures, such as the Clements design, have been extensively used for MVM operations. However, as these architectures scale, improving stability and robustness becomes critical. In this paper, we introduce a novel photonic braid interferometer architecture that outperforms both the Clements and Fldzhyan designs in these aspects. Using numerical simulations, we evaluate the performance of these architectures under ideal conditions and systematically introduce non-idealities such as insertion losses, beam splitter imbalances, and crosstalk. The results demonstrate that the braid architecture offers superior robustness due to its symmetrical design and reduced layer count. Further analysis shows that the braid architecture is particularly advantageous in large-scale implementations, delivering better performance as the size of the interferometer increases. We also assess the footprint and total insertion losses of each architecture. Although waveguide crossings in the braid architecture slightly increase the footprint and insertion loss, recent advances in crossing technology significantly minimize these effects. Our study suggests that the braid architecture is a robust solution for photonic neuromorphic computing, maintaining high fidelity in realistic conditions where imperfections are inevitable.
Dual-mode SPR/SERS optical fiber sensor for ultra-trace mercury ions detection
Authors: Li Lixia , Zhao Jiabin , Jin Mingdeng , Wu Siyuan , Liu Feiyou , Huang Yurui , Feng Ning , Liu Yufang
Published: January 2025

The detection of mercury ions (Hg2+) is crucial due to its harmful effects on health and environment. In this article, what we believe to be a novel dual-mode optical fiber sensor incorporating surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is proposed for ultra-trace Hg2+ detection. The sensing probe comprises gold (Au)/graphene oxide (GO) composite membrane structure and Au nanospheres (AuNPs), which are connected via double-stranded DNA. In the presence of Hg2+, two single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) modified on the sensing region and AuNPs asymmetrically pair to form a thymine (T) - Hg2+ - T structure, facilitating AuNPs attachment to the sensing region. This attachment induces spectral changes, thereby enabling Hg2+ detection. In the SPR mode, the limit of detection (LOD) for Hg2+ is 1.82 × 10−12 M. In the SERS mode, AuNPs generate numerous “hot spots” that amplify the Raman signal through electromagnetic enhancement mechanism (EM), the Au/GO composite membrane can undergo charge transfer with Raman molecule to further enhance the Raman signal through chemical enhancement mechanism (CM), thus achieving detection of Hg2+ with a LOD of 3.94 × 10−13 M. The synergy between SPR mode and SERS mode enhances cross-validation of results and improves accuracy and reliability of the assay. Therefore, the sensor proposed in this paper demonstrates strong potential for diverse practical applications.
Ejection and dispersion of particles in damage growth of fused silica induced by high-fluence centimeter scale aperture laser beam
Authors: Yuan Hang , Dan Ziqiang , Li Yuxin , Miao Jiajie , Niu Jincheng , Zhu Chengyu
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we report an investigation into the dynamics of laser-induced particle sputtering on the rear surface of fused silica at high-fluence laser systems. Using time-resolved pump-probe and continuous imaging techniques, we capture the entire sputtering process over a broader timescale. The morphology, kinematics, and their correlation with damage growth are analyzed through microscopic imaging. The results indicate that thermodynamic effects govern particle ejection, with air viscosity influencing their trajectories. An empirical fluid mechanics-based formula is proposed to predict sputter distance, showing that larger particles with higher initial velocity travel farther. As laser fluence increases, the velocity of smaller particles grows, while the velocity of larger particles and sputtering volume are linked to the growth of the damaged area.
Extended eigenvalue calibration method for Mueller matrix polarimetry with four photoelastic modulators
Authors: Chen Wenlong , Chen Xiuguo , Wang Yifu , Yang Shilong , Yue Hang , Hu Jing , Liu Shiyuan
Published: January 2025

The Mueller matrix polarimeter with four photoelastic modulator (4-PEM MMP), known for its high-speed and high-precision measurement capabilities, holds great potential in material characterization and nanoscale measurements. We propose an extended eigenvalue calibration method (eECM) to the 4-PEM MMP by introducing two temporal basis vectors to project the continuously modulated light intensity into a time-independent projection matrix, which can then be acquired by a nonlinear regression method. The eECM enables complete calibration of system parameters of the 4-PEM MMP in a model-free manner without any approximation, including the parameters associated with each PEM and the alignment errors in the azimuths of all the polarization elements. Moreover, it is unnecessary to precisely adjust the orientations of the polarization elements, and it does not require precise reference sample information either. Consequently, the eECM allows the 4-PEM MMP to achieve accurate Mueller matrix measurement under not only the usual system configurations but also other unusual system configurations in a simple and unified approach. Simulation results have verified the effectiveness and advantages of the eECM.
Post-removal for the deposited Au metal to increase the light extraction efficiency for AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Linhao , Wang Bing , Liu Zhaoqiang , Wu Yuling , Chu Chunshang , Tian Kangkai , Liu Haoyan , Liu Naixin , Zhang Yonghui , Yan Jianchang , Zhang Zi-hui
Published: January 2025

Ni/Au is employed to ensure a high-quality p-type ohmic contact for most AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV LEDs). However, the substantial absorptivity of ultraviolet light by Ni/Au significantly impacts the light extraction efficiency (LEE). In this work, to reduce the absorptivity of a Ni/Au electrode, we conduct wet-etching to the Ni/Au electrode after the formation of ohmic contact between Ni/Au and p-AlGaN. Experimental results show that the optical transmittance of the Ni/Au electrode can be improved from 35.2% to 42.68% after the Ni/Au is wet-etched for 5 min. When compared with the reference device, the optical power and the wall plug efficiency (WPE) of the proposed device are enhanced by 10.24% and 9.89% at an injection current of 100 mA, respectively. Although the proposed DUV LED exhibits a 0.30 V increase in forward voltage, this does not affect the device’s stability after making a 1000-h lifetime test. This proposed method not only can improve the LEE but also is fully compatible with the mass production of DUV LEDs.
Inverse design and fabrication of high-efficiency perfectly vertical LNOI grating couplers
Authors: Xue Cuiwei , Liao Rujun , Li Xiaoman , Wu Weiping , Jin Xin , Quan Xueling , Qu Minni , Wu Liying , Xu Liping , Fu Liucheng , Liu Min , Duan Huanan , Cheng Xiulan
Published: January 2025

A perfectly vertical grating coupler (GC) on X-cut lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) platform is designed and demonstrated. The optimized random grating structure of GC is designed by an inverse design method and exhibits a simulated coupling efficiency of approximately −2.52 dB and measured coupling efficiency of approximately −3.18 dB at a communication wavelength of 1550 nm. This is the highest, to the best of our knowledge, measured result yet reported compared to the coupling efficiency of LNOI grating couplers without reflector in existing literature, regardless of the angle of incidence and the thickness of lithium niobate. The fabrication tolerance is investigated, and the discrepancy between simulation and experiment is analyzed.
Mid-infrared supercontinuum laser source with efficient spectral enhancement in 3.7 µm
Authors: Wang Xuan , Pan Jichen , Yao Chuanfei , Yang Ying , Liu Yamin , Yang Xuelian , Yang Linjing , Li Pingxue
Published: January 2025

A 3–5 µm mid-infrared (MIR) laser has a wide range of applications in biological tissue ablation, remote spectral fingerprint recognition, and directional infrared countermeasures. However, the performance of conventional MIR lasers has long been hindered by restricted wavelength radiation, spectral power efficiency, and system stability. Here, a highly efficient, compact, and stable MIR light source is reported, which is directly generated from a supercontinuum (SC) laser with a long wavelength edge of 4.2 µm in a 7 µm core diameter fluorotellurite fiber. Based on the integration of a high-peak-power pump light source and a small-core-diameter nonlinear medium, efficient nonlinear frequency conversion from traditional near-infrared laser to mid-infrared laser has been achieved, resulting in a significantly enhanced MIR spectrum of 3.7 µm, exceeding the pump peak of 2 µm by more than 12 dB. The pump conversion efficiency is 50.8%, with 94.3% of the spectral power distributed above 2.4 µm and 71.4% above 3 µm. This study has opened up a feasible avenue for obtaining high-efficiency mid-infrared band lasers that meet practical application needs.
Statistical complexity of heterogeneous geometric networks
Authors: Smith Keith Malcolm , Smith Jason P.
Published: January 2025

Degree heterogeneity and latent geometry, also referred to as popularity and similarity, are key explanatory components underlying the structure of real-world networks. The relationship between these components and the statistical complexity of networks is not well understood. We introduce a parsimonious normalised measure of statistical complexity for networks. The measure is trivially 0 in regular graphs and we prove that this measure tends to 0 in Erdös-Rényi random graphs in the thermodynamic limit. We go on to demonstrate that greater complexity arises from the combination of heterogeneous and geometric components to the network structure than either on their own. Further, the levels of complexity achieved are similar to those found in many real-world networks. However, we also find that real-world networks establish connections in a way which increases complexity and which our null models fail to explain. We study this using ten link growth mechanisms and find that only one mechanism successfully and consistently replicates this phenomenon– probabilities proportional to the exponential of the number of common neighbours between two nodes. Common neighbours is a mechanism which implicitly accounts for degree heterogeneity and latent geometry. This explains how a simple mechanism facilitates the growth of statistical complexity in real-world networks.
Multi-modal comparison of molecular programs driving nurse cell death and clearance in Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis
Authors: Bandyadka Shruthi , Lebo Diane P. V. , Mondragon Albert A. , Serizier Sandy B. , Kwan Julian , Peterson Jeanne S. , Chasse Alexandra Y. , Jenkins Victoria K. , Calikyan Anoush , Ortega Anthony J. , Campbell Joshua D. , Emili Andrew , McCall Kimberly
Published: January 2025

The death and clearance of nurse cells is a consequential milestone in Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis. In preparation for oviposition, the germline-derived nurse cells bequeath to the developing oocyte all their cytoplasmic contents and undergo programmed cell death. The death of the nurse cells is controlled non-autonomously and is precipitated by epithelial follicle cells of somatic origin acquiring a squamous morphology and acidifying the nurse cells externally. Alternatively, stressors such as starvation can induce the death of nurse cells earlier in mid-oogenesis, manifesting apoptosis signatures, followed by their engulfment by epithelial follicle cells. To identify and contrast the molecular pathways underlying these morphologically and genetically distinct cell death paradigms, both mediated by follicle cells, we compared their genome-wide transcriptional, translational, and secretion profiles before and after differentiating to acquire a phagocytic capability, as well as during well-fed and nutrient-deprived conditions. By coupling the GAL4-UAS system to Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP-seq) and proximity labeling (HRP-KDEL) followed by Liquid Chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry, we performed high-throughput screens to identify pathways selectively activated or repressed by follicle cells to employ nurse cell-clearance routines. We also integrated two publicly available single-cell RNAseq atlases of the Drosophila ovary to define the transcriptomic profiles of follicle cells. In this report, we describe the genes and major pathways identified in the screens and the striking consequences to Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis caused by RNAi perturbation of prioritized candidates. To our knowledge, our study is the first of its kind to comprehensively characterize two distinct apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death paradigms in the same multi-cellular system. Beyond molecular differences in cell death, our investigation may also provide insights into how key systemic trade-offs are made between survival and reproduction when faced with physiological stress.
Human and entomological determinants of malaria transmission in the Lihir Islands of Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Millat-Martínez Pere , Katusele Michelle , Kasian Bernadine , Omera Elias , Jamea Esther , Lorry Lina , Casellas Aina , Ouchi Dan , Wali Chilaka , Raulo Sylvia , Elizah Arthur , Kaman Peter , Dau Absalom , Sakur Muker , Kilepak Lemen , Yabu Siub , Koata Nelson , Kave John , Toa Michael , Urakusie Christopher , Kongs Charles , Kisba Frank , Laman Moses , Mitjà Oriol , Pomat William , Bassat Quique , Karl Stephan , Baro Bàrbara
Published: January 2025

Background

The Lihir Islands of Papua New Guinea, located in an area with high burden of malaria and hosting a large mining operation, offer a unique opportunity to study transmission. There, we investigated human and vector factors influencing malaria transmission.

Methods

In 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,914 individuals assessing malaria prevalence through rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), microscopy, and quantitative PCR (qPCR). A logistic regression analysis identified infection-associated factors. Anopheles species distribution, biting behaviours, and sporozoite carriage were assessed through human landing catches and larval surveys.

Results

Overall malaria prevalence (any species) was 3.6% by RDT, 4.5% by microscopy, and 15.0% by qPCR. P. vivax accounted for 37.1% of infections, P. falciparum for 34.6%, P. malariae for 3.0%, P. ovale 0.2%, and mixed infections for 24.5%. Prevalence (qPCR) varied across geographic areas, from 8.5% in the mine-impacted zone (MIZ) to 27.0% in the non-MIZ. Other factors independently associated with infection risk included cohabiting with an infected individual (aOR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.56–2.42), and residing in traditional housing (aOR = 1.65, 95%CI: 1.21–2.25). Children had double the infection risk compared to adults, and the use of long-lasting insecticidal-treated nets did not decrease risk of infection. An. punctulatus was the major vector in one of the four geographical areas; while An. farauti was predominant in the rest of them, both with an early biting behaviour but with different biting intensities by geographical area. Entomological inoculation rates ranged from 26.9 (95%CI: 12.3–45.2) infective bites per person-year in the MIZ to 441.3 (95%CI: 315.7–572.1) in the non-MIZ.

Conclusions

Malaria transmission and infection was lower in the MIZ compared to other areas. Measures focusing on at-risk groups, including vector-control and transmission interruption methods, could be taken into account by the mine and the healthcare authorities to reduce malaria burden outside the MIZ.
Mathematical modelling approach to understanding the effect of Mg-rich synthetic gypsum used as fertilizer on growth of Hevea brasiliensis in acid soils
Authors: Ayanda Fatai Arolu , Anuar Mohd Firdaus Mohd , Kashim Susilawati , Yusuff Oladosu , Arolu Ibrahim Wasiu , Adekola Olabisi Fatimo , Crew Adrian
Published: January 2025

Knowledge of plant growth dynamics is essential where constraints such as COVID-19 lockdown restrictions have limited its field establishment. Thus, modeling can be used to predict plant performance where field planting/monitoring cannot be achieved. This study was conducted on the growth dynamics of rubber planted on two acid soils treated with either dolomitic limestone (GML), kieserite or Mg-rich synthetic gypsum (MRSG) to supply the Mg required by rubber seedlings. To understand the effect of applied treatments on the changes in rubber growth, data on plant height, stem diameter and biomass were regressed against months after transplanting (MAT) using the equation y = A/ (1+be-ct), and its derivative dydt=Abce−ct(1+be−ct)z was utilized for estimating the growth rate of the parameters. The dynamics in plant height, stem girth and plant biomass were modelled using an exponential function of y = Aebt and their rate of change was derived using dx/dy = Abebt. The experiment indicated that the logistic growth curve model expressed as y = A/ (1+be-ct), closely described the growth in terms of each parameter against months after transplanting. A high probability level (a = 0.0001) was recorded in the model for all the treatments in the study. The growth of rubber seedlings in the glasshouse was improved by MRSG treatment in the two studied soils (Ultisol and Oxisol), giving comparable results to other Mg fertilizer treatments. The plant performed better on the Ultisol compared to the Oxisol. The results indicate the potential of using MRSG to replace conventional Mg-fertilizers to sustain rubber seedling growth.
Effect of coenzyme Q10 on tibial fracture resistance in nicotine-exposed rats
Authors: Barra Ruan Henrique Delmonica , Piovezan Bianca Rafaeli , Matheus Henrique Rinaldi , Vitória Otávio Augusto Pacheco , de Abreu Furquim Elisa Mara , Fiorin Luiz Guilherme , Santos Ester Oliveira , de Almeida Juliano Milanezi
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to evaluate the potential protection against fractures of oral Q10 supplementation in the tibias of rats exposed to nicotine. Nicotine is known to negatively impact bone density and increase the risk of fractures, in addition to affecting other systems such as the gastrointestinal system, impairing its absorption capacity, negatively affecting bone health. To investigate this, eighty male rats were divided into four groups (n = 20) receiving either nicotine hemisulfate or saline solution (SS) for 28 days. Two daily subcutaneous applications were administered accordingly. Concurrently, vegetable glycerin and Q10 gavage began on day "0". SS: the animals in this group received two daily subcutaneous applications of sodium chloride solution during the entire trial period. 30 days after starting the SS applications subcutaneously, the animals received vegetable glycerin daily until the end of the experiment. SS-Q10: the animals received the SS protocol and daily supplementation with Q10 until the end of the experiment. NIC: The animals received the protocol for NIC and vegetable glycerin daily until the end of the experiment. NIC-Q10: The animals received the protocol for NIC and daily supplementation and Q10 until the end of the experiment. Euthanasia occurred at 7 and 28 days after the beginning the gavage. The tibiae collected were processed for morphometric, densitometric, mechanical, and microtomographic (micro-Ct) analysis. A complementary analysis of intestinal changes was performed. The groups that received Q10 showed slightly better results regarding the mechanical resistance and micro-Ct parameters and to intestinal histomorphometry, as compared with groups not supplemented with Q10. Thus, in rats, it can be concluded that coenzyme Q10 exhibited a protective property to the skeletal system and the gastrointestinal tract, even in the presence of nicotine.
The physiological stress response of juvenile nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum) to catch-and-release recreational angling
Authors: Giesy Katherine C. , Jerome Jacob , Wester Julia , D’Alessandro Evan , McDonald M. Danielle , Macdonald Catherine
Published: January 2025

Nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum), especially juveniles, are often encountered by near-shore and shore-based recreational anglers and are suggested to exhibit minimal behavioral and physiological responses to capture, largely based on studies of adults using commercial or scientific fishing methods. To quantify the sub-lethal effects of recreational angling on juvenile nurse sharks, 27 individuals (across 31 angling events) were caught using hook-and-line fishing methods. Over a 30-min period, 4 blood samples were taken with variable time intervals between sampling (i.e., randomized ordering of an interval of 5, 10, and 15 min between each sampling event). Lactate increased by 611% (6.7 ± 2.17 mmol/L) on average over the 30-min fight, and significant relationships were identified between lactate and blood draw number, fight time, and temperature, with large effect sizes. Significant relationships were also detected between blood draw number, glucose, and hematocrit, while osmolality was only affected by fishing site. These results suggest juvenile nurse sharks may exhibit a greater physiological stress response when exposed to recreational angling than adults captured with other fishing methods.
VINCULUM. Tombo das Capelas da Cidade de Évora e das vilas de Montemor-o-Novo, Alcáçovas, Viana, Redondo, Cabeção, Mora e Lavre; Vínculos das provedorias da comarca de Évora e Estremoz, séculos XV-XIX
Authors: Coelho André Madruga , Rosa Maria de Lurdes
Published: January 2025

O presente livro contém, na sua primeira parte, a transcrição do Tombo das Capelas da Cidade de Évora e das vilas de Montemor-o-Novo, Alcáçovas, Viana, Redondo, Cabeção, Mora e Lavre, documento quinhentista conservado no Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo. É precedida de uma Introdução histórica, contextualizando a empreitada, e seguida de índices (geral e onomástico de instituidores dos vínculos). O Tombo reveste-se da maior importância para a história do reino de Portugal, e da região alentejana em especial, nos séculos XV-XVI. Na segunda parte, apresenta-se um conjunto muito significativo de tombos vinculares, com registos entre os séculos XV e XIX, feitos a partir das últimas décadas do século XVI e situados na sequência do Tombo, testemunhando uma continuidade longa, e territorialmente ampla, das empreitadas de tombação de bens das almas na região alto-alentejana. Precedida por uma introdução narrando o processo e caracterizando a documentação, disponibiliza aos investigadores informação inédita e substancial, sob forma de lista com milhares de entradas, contendo os principais elementos da investigação histórica e arquivística.
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Primary Liver Cancer Attributable to Metabolic Risks: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2021
Authors: Wu Chutian , Targher Giovanni , Byrne Christopher D. , Mao Yilei , Cheung Tan To , Yilmaz Yusuf , Valenti Luca , Méndez-Sánchez Nahum , Sookoian Silvia , Chan Wah-Kheong , Treeprasertsuk Sombat , Yu Hon Ho , Kim Seung Up , George Jacob , Hu Dandan , Sebastiani Giada , Ryan John D. , Oviedo Rodolfo J. , Zhong Jian-Hong , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Lonardo Amedeo , Ruiz-Úcar Elena , Seto Wai-Kay , Sotoudeheian Mohammadjavad , Ocama Ponsiano , Lupşor-Platon Monica , Yang Tian , Ghazinyan Hasmik , Pan Qiuwei , Hamid Saeed , Adams Leon , Chai Jin , Prasad Arun , Perera Nilanka , Alswat Khalid , Isakov Vasily , Sarin Shiv Kumar , Sharara Ala I. , Sanai Faisal M. , Al-Busafi Said A. , Opio Christopher Kenneth , Toro-Huamanchumo Carlos Jesus , Yang Wah , Wong Yu Jun , Torzilli Guido , Fouad Yasser , Zheng Ming-Hua
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:

The global burden of metabolic diseases is increasing, but estimates of their impact on primary liver cancer are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, between 1990 and 2021.

METHODS:

The total number and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from primary liver cancer attributable to each metabolic risk factor were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2021. The metabolic burden trends of liver cancer across regions and countries by sociodemographic index (SDI) and sex were estimated. The annual percentage changes in age-standardized DALYs rate were also calculated.

RESULTS:

Globally, in 2021, primary liver cancer attributable to high BMI and/or high FPG was estimated to have caused 59,970 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 20,567–104,103) and 1,540,437 DALYs (95% UI 540,922–2,677,135). The age-standardized rates of death and DALYs were 0.70 (95% UI 0.24–1.21) and 17.64 (95% UI 6.19–30.65) per 100,000 person-years. A consistent global rise in liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks was observed from 1990 to 2021, with high BMI identified as the major contributing risk factor. The highest burden of deaths and DALYs of liver cancer consistently occurred in high SDI countries, while the fastest growth trends were observed in low-middle SDI countries. The burdens of high levels of BMI and FPG were higher in men than in women.

DISCUSSION:

Primary liver cancer attributable to high BMI and/or high FPG imposes an increasingly substantial clinical burden on global public health, particularly in high SDI countries. Rapid growth trends are also found in middle SDI countries.
Developing the Event, Duration, Latency, and Interval (EDLI) Assessment Techniques to Measure Student Engagement and Motivation in Islamic Religious Education Online Courses
Authors: Agus  , Mawardi Djamaluddin  , Tamrin Taher  , Minggusta Juliadarma  , Nurhidayat  , Nur Rahmah Asnawi  , Noviyanti Soleman
Published: January 2025

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop Event, Duration, Latency and Interval (EDLI) Assessment Techniques to Measure Student Learning Engagement and Motivation in Online Learning
Design/methods/approach – This study used a research and development (R&D) framework by Borg & Gall which consists of (1) Research and information collecting, (2) Planning, (3) Developing preliminary form of product, (4) Preliminary field testing, and (5) Operational field testing. The research subjects were lecturers at 5 universities in North Maluku province who implement online learning, totaling 10 lecturers. Data analysis using the Aiken Index to determine product validity criteria.
Findings – The results of the social behavior in online learning experts assessed 83% of the products developed as valid, then experts in the field of learning media assessed 83% of the products developed as valid, finally experts in the field of IT development assessed 83% of the products developed as valid. 
Research implications/limitations – The Event, Duration, Latency, and Interval (EDLI) assessment technique guide is applicable for all lecturers conducting online learning. However, due to researcher limitations, product trials during the Operational Field Testing stage cannot be conducted at all universities in North Maluku Province and are restricted to universities in the city of Ternate.
Originality/value – The importance of a guide that explains procedures for assessing student performance during online learning is especially related to student motivation and involvement, and the Event, Duration, Latency, and Interval (EDLI) procedure is very relevant for use in assessing student performance during online learning.
Personal Peacefulness and Cyber-Bystanding of Internet Users in Indonesia
Authors: Nurfitriany Fakhri  , Faradillah Firdaus  , Irdianti  , Sahril Buchori  , Ria Andriany Fakhri
Published: January 2025

Purpose – As internet use grows, cyberbullying has become more common, especially in schools. People who witness cyberbullying (cyber-bystanders) strongly influence these incidents, but little is known about their behavior. To reduce cyberbullying, we need to understand what affects cyber-bystanding. This study examines whether personal peacefulness can predict how people act as cyber-bystanders.
Design/methods/approach – This quantitative correlational study examined 127 Indonesian internet users (36 males, 91 females). Data were collected using the Self Perception Scale and Cyberbullying Bystander Scale, with regression analysis employed to analyze the relationship between variables.
Findings – Results revealed a significant relationship between personal peacefulness and defender bystander behavior. However, no significant relationships were found with passive or reinforcer bystander behaviors. Gender analysis showed that males exhibited higher levels of personal peacefulness than females. Additionally, males were more likely to act as reinforcer bystanders, supporting cyberbullying behavior, compared to females.
Research implications/limitations – This study reveals how personal peacefulness relates to cyber-bystanding among Indonesian internet users. The findings help understand social behavior in schools where cyberbullying often occurs. These insights can help develop strategies to prevent harmful cyber-bystanding behavior by focusing on personal peacefulness.
Originality/value – While cyberbullying behavior in Indonesia has been extensively studied, research on cyber-bystanding remains limited, primarily documented through news articles. This study represents the first investigation of the relationship between personal peacefulness and cyber-bystanding in Indonesia. Future research should explore these variables in relation to other factors and different demographic groups to expand the current understanding of cyber-bystanding behavior in the Indonesian context.
ANALISIS PERILAKU HIKIKOMORI PADA TOKOH TAMOTSU TADOKORO DALAM MANGA FUTSUTSUKA MONO NO ANI DESU GA KARYA HIGURASHI KINOKO
Authors: Maharani Dinda Puan , Artadi Ari , Hendriati Riri
Published: January 2025

Hikikomori is one of the social problems in Japan. A research on the hikikomori behavior of Tamotsu Tadokoro in Higurashi Kinoko's Manga Futsutsuka Mono no Ani Desu ga was conducted. The purpose of this research is to know and explain the forms of behavior, and factors that cause hikikomori behavior and to find out and explain the efforts made by the character Tamotsu Tadokoro in the Comic series "Futsutsuka Mono no Ani Desu ga" by Higurashi Kinoko to try to get out of hikikomori behavior. The research method used is descriptive qualitative by analyzing media data in the form of comic series based on Saito Tamaki's theory of Hikikomori Behavior, Michael J. Dziesinski's theory of Social Factors that cause hikikomori behavior, and David McClelland's Theory of Motivation. The results showed that Tamotsu Tadokoro experienced seven symptoms of hikikomori behavior and was caused by school environment, family, and individual factors. In addition, Tamotsu Tadokoro was able to successfully emerge from hikikomori behavior because he was motivated to improve his relationship with his family and pursue his goals. Therefore, it can be proven that Tamotsu Tadokoro can be labeled as a hikikomori.
ANALISIS MAKNA POLISEMI VERBA MIRU DALAM BAHASA JEPANG
Authors: Kasmawati Kasmawati , Taqdir Taqdir
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this research is to analyze the polysemic meanings of the Japanese verb miru. This study examines the lexical and grammatical variations of miru, focusing on its meanings as described in the Daijirin dictionary and contextualized through examples in the Japanese novel Totto-chan, which has been translated directly into Indonesian. Using a qualitative approach, this research applies descriptive and interpretative analysis to explore how miru operates across different contexts and nuances within the novel. The findings reveal that miru encompasses a wide range of meanings, from visual perception to deeper conceptual and introspective senses, which are sometimes untranslatable without losing meaning in the source language. This research highlights the complexities of Japanese polysemy and contributes to a deeper understanding of linguistic nuances in Japanese, emphasizing the importance of context in translation and interpretation.
Nutritional enhancement and genetic innovations in sweet corn: unlocking super sweetness and health benefits through modern breeding technique– A review
Authors: Karanam B T , Kumari V N , Sivakumar S , Vanitha K , Meenakshi P , Himakara D M , Rawat P
Published: January 2025

Sweet corn originated from Mesoamerica around 10,000 years ago; sweet corn’s distinctiveness lies in its genetic mutations sugary1 (su1), shrunken2 (sh2), and sugary enhancer1 (se1) that enhance kernel sweetness by inhibiting the average sugar-to-starch conversion. This transformation from an ancient staple to a globally beloved vegetable highlights sweet corn’s adaptability, high yield potential, and nutritional benefits, including its role as a source of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Advances in biofortification and genetic research have further enriched its nutritional profile, positioning sweet corn as a nutraceutical crop capable of addressing global nutritional deficiencies. Modern breeding techniques, including marker-assisted selection and omics technologies, have significantly accelerated the development of varieties with improved traits such as disease resistance, stress tolerance, and enhanced nutritional quality. Additionally, it is important to conserve sweet corn's genetic diversity for future crop improvement and adaptation. High-throughput phenotyping and genome-editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 have further accelerated sweet corn breeding, offering a sustainable solution to enhance yield and quality. This exploration shows sweet corn's agricultural importance, its potential to fight nutritional challenges, and the role of scientific advancements in securing its future as a valuable and versatile crop. This detailed review explores the history, genetic diversity, nutritional value, and modern advancements in the cultivation and breeding of sweet corn.
Resilient soils for a changing climate: Navigating the future of sustainable agriculture
Authors: Rashmi M R , Gopalakrishnan M , Rajeswari R , Senthil K M , Kavitha M , Maragatham S
Published: January 2025

Climate change poses a critical threat to global food security and ecosystem sustainability, with soils serving as the backbone of the Earth’s ecosystems. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current understanding of how climate change impacts soil health, emphasizing the intricate interactions between soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and increasingly frequent extreme weather events severely degrade soil structure, reduce fertility, and disrupt biodiversity. These changes accelerate soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and significantly diminish agricultural productivity. This review explores innovative strategies to enhance soil resilience, with a focus on conservation agriculture, cover cropping, and integrated nutrient management. Conservation agriculture practices improve soil structure and enhance water retention, while cover cropping increases soil organic matter and supports critical nutrient cycling processes. Integrated nutrient management ensures a balanced supply of essential nutrients and promotes beneficial microbial activity, further bolstering soil health and resilience. The importance of adopting a holistic, resilience-based approach to soil management to soil management is vital to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change, preserve vital ecosystem services, and secure sustainable agricultural productivity for future generations. This review provides critical insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners, offering practical solutions to safeguard soil health and ensure food security in the face of the challenges posed by a rapidly changing climate.
Taste and choice: A comprehensive conjoint analysis of processed mango juice attributes
Authors: Gayathri K , Samsai T , Selvanayaki S , Prahadeeswaran M , Gangai S R
Published: January 2025

The food processing sector in India is experiencing significant growth, driven by urbanization, population expansion, and evolving consumer lifestyles. Among the various segments, the market for processed mango juice is rapidly expanding, especially in the Asia Pacific region due to the increasing demand of consumers for natural and nutritious beverages. In India, the processed mango juice market is also expected to grow substantially, supported by major brands foreseeing the immense market potential. This is further aided by a favourable climate for mango cultivation. Despite challenges such as seasonal availability and price fluctuations, consumer preferences are shifting towards healthier options, positioning the processed mango juice market for continued expansion in the coming years. This study focuses on consumer preferences towards the major attributes of processed mango drinks. Utilizing a purposive sampling method, data were collected from 150 respondents through questionnaires and interviews, supplemented by secondary data analysis. The research employed percentage analysis to assess consumer preferences, revealing insights into demographic characteristics that can inform marketing strategies. Additionally, a choice-based conjoint analysis was conducted to explore consumer trade-offs among product attributes—flavour, packaging material, sweeteners, and price—highlighting the importance of these factors in shaping consumer choices. The findings indicated that flavour and sweeteners are the primary factors driving consumer preferences, with a significant emphasis on taste over price and packaging considerations, ultimately leading to the identification of the most preferred product combinations based on total utility values.