bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Masculinity in Selected L-Men Advertisements
Authors: Prasetyo Albertus Sebastian Adi
Published: October 2021

This study analyzes how L-Men persuades its target market to buy its products through the use of a masculinity image in its two advertisements. The two advertisements which the writer studied are entitled “L-Men 2018: 2Go & Gain Mass: Men’s Guide” and “Iklan L-Men Gain Mass Terbaru 2014 Versi Albert Sultan”. In order to find out how masculinity is portrayed in the two advertisements, the researcher sets his analysis on the advertisements’ verbal and non-verbal expressions. In so doing, the researcher conducts his analysis using the theory of Multimodal Discourse Analysis. Within the findings, it is revealed that despite both advertisements are indeed portraying masculinity, how each advertisement shows what is seen as masculine is different from one another.  One advertisement shows that masculinity is based on a man’s aesthetical appearance and the other advertisement shows that masculinity is based on the physical strength of a man. Keywords: Multimodal Discourse Analysis, Masculinity, Advertisement, L-Men
The Maturity Process of Pi in Life of Pi
Authors: Purnomo Gracia
Published: October 2021

This thesis discusses the process of maturity of Pi in Life of Pi. I am curious to find out how Pi is mature from his childhood, teenager, and adulthood. Therefore, I use Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development to find out the influence of the society that Pi lives in. In each stage of Pi’s development, I study his character traits and I see the outcome. In addition, I am using psychological development to find out what is inside Pi’s mind and what is his way of thinking. Throughout the process, Pi faces some obstacles or psychosocial crisis from his surroundings especially from his father and friends in his childhood and early teenager years. However, because of the obstacles from his surroundings, Pi becomes mature in taking his actions and decisions. In addition, Pi faces a big situation that is surviving in the sea with Richard Parker. I can see from this experience, Pi finds his identities that are self-acceptance, compassion, patience, honesty, gratitude, self-control, accountability, open-mindedness, and humility. Despite the hardship from his childhood and teenage years, Pi manages to be emotionally mature. As a result, Pi is indeed mature in his life and it can be seen in his adulthood. Pi has an intimate relationship with his wife and children. Keywords: Maturity Process, Identity, Role Confusion, Adulthood, Life of Pi
Swear Words Translation in The Raid Movie and Its Classification
Authors: Pattiselanno Evandio Zefanya
Published: October 2021

This study wanted to help the reader to understand about the classification of swear words in “The Raid” movie’s dialogue. The writer used Larson’s (1984) kinds of translation (literal and idiomatic translation). The writer was interested in analyzing the swear words, especially the classification of translation whether it match to the original meaning or not, for example “anjing” becomes “dog”, “bajingan” becomes “bastard” or being translated using different swear words in the English subtitle of the movie. The writer found that there are so many dialogues translated using swear words on the subtitle of the movie while the dialogue itself does not have any swear words. The rest of other swear words are being translated match with its original meaning, and there are also different translation. Keywords: translation, swear word, subtitle, literal translation, idiomatic translation
Series of Discrimination: Exploring Discrimination among Children
Authors: Tanjung Patricia
Published: October 2021

This series of children’s literature focuses on discrimination among children based on their race, sex, disability, physical attractiveness, and social class. The goal is to find the ways children discriminate against their friends and also the ways they cope with discrimination. To do so, this creative thesis uses the concept of prejudice and discrimination and also the theory of Coping. From the series, it is shown that children can verbally, behaviorally, and relationally discriminate against their friends and that children can use problem-focused coping to cope with discrimination. Therefore, by understanding ways discrimination manifests itself and knowing how to cope with discrimination, children can detect discrimination and learn to cope with it.Keywords: Discrimination, Picture Books, Children’s literature, Realistic fiction
Is It Too Late? Exploring Self-Actualisation of a Self-Proclaimed Artist in a Restrictive Chinese-Indonesian Family
Authors: Santoso Erick Setiawan , Setiawan Dwi
Published: October 2021

Self-actualisation is an interesting topic to be talked about in Indonesia, as Indonesian families still uphold filial piety very highly. Thus, the concept of putting forwards one’s dreams and wishes for one’s own future and brushing aside one’s parents’ wants and plans is mostly unheard of. I made this creative work, in form of a novel, to highlight this highly-relevant phenomena and initiate the talk between parents and their descendants. This story is written from the perspective of the son of a family who wants to be an artist, but faces hurdles in the form of his chasing tiger mother and how that affected him and his decision-making in relation of becoming the best version of himself.Keywords: Artistry, Chinese-Indonesian, Filial piety, Poetry, Realistic fiction, Self-actualisation.
Designing a Promotional Video as a Tool to Promote Swiss-Belinn Airport Hotel Surabaya to its Target Market
Authors: Cindy Nathalia Cindy
Published: October 2021

This is a Creative Thesis Final Project Report on a problem at Swiss-Belinn Airport Hotel Surabaya (SAHS). SAHS is a hotel that is located strategically in close proximity to Juanda Airport. The hotel has three types of rooms and provide various facilities, such as restaurant, pool etc. The target markets for these products are people who need meeting rooms, and are away on business trips, vacations, and transit. However, the hotel is struggling to reach out to individual guests. Thus, in order to effectively introduce and inform the hotel to a wider population, a tool is needed. A Promotional Video (PV) is a short video or movie to promote a product or service to potential customers. PV can highlight the USP of the hotel. However, due to the current pandemic, creating the promotional video is unattainable. Thus, this thesis would cover interviews for the data and/until the act of creating the plotline for the promotional video.Keywords: Promotional tool, promotional video, USP, target market
The Perceived Meanings of Tokopedia Advertisement Video, “Berikan yang Paling Berarti untuk yang Berarti”
Authors: Novelyn L
Published: October 2021

Delivering a message from an advertisement is important to know whether the message that a company wants to transfer is well-delivered or not because the background of audiences may affect them in interpreting the message. Thus, the writer aims to the writer aims to discover how background education affects people to produce information by observing the perceived meanings produced by English Department respondents and Engineering Department respondents. To do so, the writer uses verbal and non-verbal communications Tokopedia "Berikan yang Paling Berarti untuk yang Berarti" advertisement video. The writer applies Saussure's process of signification and Peirce's three sign mode to analyze the perceived meanings from the respondents. Based on the analysis, the writer discovers all respondents mainly use symbolic mode in producing messages which means the respondents interpret the data by relating it with their personal association. Nonetheless, Engineering Department's respondents use indexical mode more often than English Department's respondents in producing some meanings. Thus, the writer sees that English Department respondents mostly produce moral messages while Engineering Department respondents just mention the storyline. In conclusion, background knowledge indeed affects people to perceive meanings. Keywords: Process of Signification, Perceived Meaning, Verbal and Non-verbal Communication.
A Study of Speech Styles Used by the Host in Mata Najwa and Catatan Najwa
Authors: Anggraini Angelia
Published: October 2021

I conducted this study to investigate speech styles used by Najwa as the host in Mata Najwa Part 8 - Republik Digital: Bisnis Digital dan Peluangnya, Mata Najwa Part 9 - Republik Digital: Tips Membangun Bisnis Digital, and Catatan Najwa Part 2 - Ide-Ide Brilian Bos Sido Muncul to the younger and older guests. The underlying theory used is Speech Style from Chaer and Agustina (2010) and Indonesian: Standard Indonesian (Bahasa Baku) and Non-standard Indonesian (Bahasa Tidak Baku) from Prihantini (2015). This study was done using a qualitative approach. The data analysis revealed that Najwa as the host of Mata Najwa and Catatan Najwa, used formal style, consultative style, casual style, and intimate style when talking to her younger and older guests. Najwa did not use the frozen style when talking to her guests. Keywords: speech styles, age, host, talk show
Assessment of Accuracy and Naturalness in the Subtitle Translation of Supernatural TV Series
Authors: Saputra Kevin Johan Halim , Rini Julia Eka
Published: October 2021

Fan subtitle or fansub is assumed to be substandard in terms of translation accuracy and naturalness. However, it is not truly known whether fansub translation is really poor in quality or that it can be accurate and natural. This qualitative research analyzes the naturalness and accuracy found in the fansub of an episode of a TV series “Supernatural”, in which the utterances of Dean and Sam Winchester are analyzed using Newmark’s theories on naturalness and accuracy in translation. The translation can be classified into several different categories, which are natural and accurate, unnatural and inaccurate, unnatural but accurate, and could be more natural but accurate. The findings of the research showed that the overall translation cannot be said as completely natural and accurate because it still contains inaccuracies and unnaturalness in its translation, but doesnot significantly change the original messages of the text.Keywords: Translation, Accuracy, Naturalness, Fansub, Supernatural
Hospitals and methadone treatment: A good place to start
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2021

If you have a question about methadone treatment in a hospital, Melissa Weimer, DO, is a great person to ask. Not only is she medical director of the Addiction Medicine Consult Service at the Yale School of Medicine, but she also has authored many publications on treating addiction in a hospitalized setting. A trend‐setter in working with opioid treatment program (OTP) partnerships, she is full of information designed to help physicians and others ease their patients' withdrawal and help them onto a maintenance schedule, whether with buprenorphine or methadone.
Book about addiction and recovery
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2021

In The Weight of Air: A Story About the Lies of Addiction and the Truth of Recovery, David Poses writes about his addiction and mental illness, and struggles through various kinds of treatment, until finally reaching recovery through buprenorphine. It sounds hugely depressing, but in fact, it's a well‐written story full of humor. Poses has a strong advocacy and activist viewpoint, but he is also an engaging writer, and his tales of treatment ring sadly true. Failed and failed again and again at treatment, and his apparently well‐to‐do upbringing and life belying his addiction, Poses tells a story which is individual, original, and a good read. In the last pages, recovery reaches him, first by psychotherapy and then by buprenorphine. This book should be required reading, if only to read about what you should not say to an addict in treatment.
Extracellular cAMP: The Past and Visiting the Future in cAMP‐Enriched Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Bhadra Aritra , Hewes Jenny L. , Scruggs April , Zhou Chun , Lee Ji Young , Bauer Natalie
Published: October 2021

It is recently discovered that the cyclic nucleotide, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can be enriched in the extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from endothelial cells. In the current perspective a historical context for the discovery of the extracellular cAMP is provided. The story of extracellular cAMP through investigations addressing the molecule's role in the adenosine pathway is followed, which is widespread in mammalian physiology. The adenosine pathway mediates normal physiological conditions such as renin release, phosphate transport, etc., and participates in pathological conditions such as bronchoconstriction of the airways. Furthermore, adenosine mediated biological pathways are regulated via the receptor mediated intracellular cAMP pathway in mammalian cells. It then speculates on the question of whether cAMP enriched EVs could bypass typical receptor mediated cell signaling and directly activate cAMP signaling cascade in target cells. Preliminary studies to suggest cAMP enriched EVs are provided, added to naïve endothelial cells, results in an increase in intracellular cAMP. An alternate mechanism is proposed, apart from the traditional adenosine pathway, that extracellular cAMP may exert its effects and put into perspective how it might consider circulating cAMP moving forward.
Investigation of the Thermal Shock Behavior of Mo‐Containing TiAl Alloys
Authors: Tian Shiwei , He Anrui , Liu Jianhua , Zhang Yun , Zhang Yefei , Zhang Siyuan , Yang Yonggang , Jiang Haitao
Published: October 2021

TiAl alloys undergo cyclic temperature changes during use, the process of which can be simulated by the thermal shock test. A systematic investigation of the thermal shock behavior of four Mo‐containing TiAl alloys is conducted. The increase in Mo content from 1.0% to 4.0% causes the gradual decrease in the volume fraction of γ/α2 lamellar colony, while the volume fraction of equiaxed γ and βo phases gradually increases. At the same time, the thermal shock resistance of the TiAl alloys decreases as the Mo content increases. After thermal shock, cracks often occur within the lamellae and extend in a zigzag manner for TiAl−1.0Mo and TiAl−1.5Mo alloys. Their thermal shock resistance is enhanced by crack deflection, bridging, and microcrack shielding. For TiAl−2.0Mo and TiAl−4.0Mo alloys, cracks occur at the grain boundaries or within the γ phase and extend straight, with the result that these two alloys have worse thermal shock resistance than the other two alloys due to the limited effect of microcrack shielding. In addition, the microstructure stability of TiAl alloys after thermal shock is discussed, and there is a critical value of Mo content between 3.13% and 5.67%, which inhibits the βo → ω phase transition.
Oligoethylene Glycol Side Chains Increase Charge Generation in Organic Semiconductor Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Kosco Jan , Gonzalez‐Carrero Soranyel , Howells Calvyn T. , Zhang Weimin , Moser Maximilian , Sheelamanthula Rajendar , Zhao Lingyun , Willner Benjamin , Hidalgo Tania C. , Faber Hendrik , Purushothaman Balaji , Sachs Michael , Cha Hyojung , Sougrat Rachid , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Inal Sahika , Durrant James R. , McCulloch Iain
Published: October 2021

Organic semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) composed of an electron donor/acceptor (D/A) semiconductor blend have recently emerged as an efficient class of hydrogen‐evolution photocatalysts. It is demonstrated that using conjugated polymers functionalized with (oligo)ethylene glycol side chains in NP photocatalysts can greatly enhance their H2‐evolution efficiency compared to their nonglycolated analogues. The strategy is broadly applicable to a range of structurally diverse conjugated polymers. Transient spectroscopic studies show that glycolation facilitates charge generation even in the absence of a D/A heterojunction, and further suppresses both geminate and nongeminate charge recombination in D/A NPs. This results in a high yield of photogenerated charges with lifetimes long enough to efficiently drive ascorbic acid oxidation, which is correlated with greatly enhanced H2‐evolution rates in the glycolated NPs. Glycolation increases the relative permittivity of the semiconductors and facilitates water uptake. Together, these effects may increase the high‐frequency relative permittivity inside the NPs sufficiently, to cause the observed suppression of exciton and charge recombination responsible for the high photocatalytic activities of the glycolated NPs.
Dual Phase Change Thermal Diodes with High Rectification for Thermal Management near Room Temperature
Authors: Kommandur Sampath , Kishore Ravi Anant , Booten Chuck , Cui Shuang , Wheeler Lance M. , Vidal Judith
Published: October 2021

Thermal diodes are passive systems that modulate their thermal resistance depending on the direction of temperature gradient, thereby allowing preferential directional heat flow. A dual phase thermal diode consists of a junction between two phase change materials that have opposing temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity trends, and whose performance (i.e., rectification ratio) is related to the ratio of the thermal conductivities of the different phases. In this work, a dual phase change diode with a rectification ratio of ≈3.5 for an applied temperature bias of ≈40 K is presented, which is among the highest‐performing junction diodes based on phase change materials at the macroscale for near room temperature applications. The diode is composed of an aqueous solution of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), a thermo‐responsive polymer, and calcium chloride hexahydrate—a solid‐liquid phase change material. Experimental insights are provided into the contributions of different heat transfer mechanisms, conduction, and convection, and the effect of concentration of the thermo‐responsive polymer.
Understanding the Failure Mechanism of Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries: Metal Anode Perspective Through X‐Ray Tomography
Authors: Wang Ji Eun , Gilbert Alyssa , Harper Jason B. , Kim Dong Jun
Published: October 2021

Rechargeable aluminum batteries (AlBs), which represent cost‐effective energy‐storage devices due to the abundance of natural aluminum resources, have emerged as promising candidates for the next generation of rechargeable batteries. Although the electrochemical deposition of aluminum in ionic liquids (ILs) is well investigated for aluminum refining, the reversible electrochemical deposition/dissolution behavior of aluminum ions is not trivial. More specifically, the dendrite growth issue, which is common in Li metal anodes, is scarcer or vague. Herein, the electrochemical stability of the aluminum metal anode in IL electrolytes is investigated and the failure mechanism is discussed. It is confirmed that the inorganic anion of ILs mainly affects the electrochemical stability, whereas the organic cation influences the aluminum metal degradation. X‐ray computed tomography results further identify deterioration of the surface morphology of the aluminum metal. The formation of “dead aluminum” is further confirmed, which indeed causes cell failure with repeated cycles. Finally, using the predeposited aluminum graphene paper as an alternative anode candidate for AlBs is further demonstrated.
Green schoolyard renovations in low‐income urban neighborhoods: Benefits to students, schools, and the surrounding community
Authors: Bohnert Amy M. , Nicholson Laura M. , Mertz Laurel , Bates Carolyn R. , Gerstein Dana E.
Published: October 2021

Green schoolyards may buffer against the effects of urbanization through increasing access to nature and its benefits. The present study was a community‐academic partnership that examined the effects of green schoolyard renovations on utilization, physical activity (PA), and social interactions as well as perceptions of safety, neighborhood climate, and social cohesion among those living in low‐income, urban neighborhoods. Utilizing behavioral mapping techniques and multi‐informant surveys (i.e., caregivers, teachers, and community members), changes from pre‐ to postrenovation were assessed at two low‐income, urban schools. Behavioral mapping results demonstrated increases in utilization and prosocial interactions among youth from pre‐ to postrenovation. Levels of moderate‐to‐vigorous PA also increased from pre‐ to postrenovation at one school. Survey data from community stakeholders revealed improvements in the perception of schoolyard safety and school–community relationships as well as reductions in bullying postrenovation. Green schoolyards may offer a safe space for children and adults to engage in social, outdoor activities, particularly in low‐income, urban neighborhoods.
Deoxygenation of Epoxides with Hexamethyldigermane Catalyzed by Au Nanoparticles on TiO2
Authors: Louka Anastasia , Stratakis Manolis
Published: October 2021

Mono‐ and disubstituted epoxides undergo quantitative deoxygenation into the corresponding alkenes by hexamethyldigermane (Me3GeGeMe3) in the presence of 1 mol% of supported Au nanoparticles on TiO2, with digermane being transformed into the corresponding digermoxane. Tri‐ and tetrasubstituted epoxides react either poorly or remain intact, allowing thus the selective intermolecular deoxygenation of a monosubstituted epoxide in the presence of a highly substituted one. Stereoisotopic studies and Hammett‐type kinetics indicate a dipolar transition state of the deoxygenation process, whose degree of polarity profile depends on the substituents. For alkyl‐substituted epoxides the deoxygenation is almost stereospecific (retention of configuration), while for the aryl‐substituted ones, in which the dipolar character is more profound, substantial loss of stereospecificity is observed.
Divergent and Modular Synthesis of Terpenoid Scaffolds via a AuI Catalyzed One‐Pot Cascade
Authors: Tran Huy , Revol Guillaume , Poyser Alyson , Barriault Louis
Published: October 2021

A one‐pot cascade sequence to generate synthetically challenging polycyclic scaffolds is reported utilizing a novel Lewis acid gold catalyst for the key cyclization step, enabling the divergent synthesis of both 6,6,5‐tricyclic and 6,6,6,5‐tetracyclic cores through both ligand and reaction condition control. We have combined the intrinsic complexity and stereoselectivity of cycloadditions with the electronic and steric properties of gold complexes to selectively generate complex polycyclic scaffolds in a single operation.
Fluorination Triggers Fluoroalkylation: Nucleophilic Perfluoro‐tert‐butylation with 1,1‐Dibromo‐2,2‐bis(trifluoromethyl)ethylene (DBBF) and CsF
Authors: Wang Qian , Tao Quan , Dong Hui , Ni Chuanfa , Xie Xiaoming , Hu Jinbo
Published: October 2021

Perfluoro‐tert‐butylation reaction has long remained a challenging task. We now report the use of 1,1‐dibromo‐2,2‐bis(trifluoromethyl)ethylene (DBBF) as a practical reagent for perfluoro‐tert‐butylation reactions for the first time. Through a consecutive triple‐fluorination process with DBBF and CsF, the (CF3)3C− species can be liberated and observed, which is able to serve as a robust nucleophilic perfluoro‐tert‐butylating agent for various electrophiles. The power of this synthetic protocol is evidenced by the efficient synthesis of structurally diverse perfluoro‐tert‐butylated molecules. Multiple applications demonstrate the practicability of this method, as well as the superiority of perfluoro‐tert‐butylated compounds as sensitive probes. The perfluoro‐tert‐butylated product was successfully applied in 1H‐ and 19F‐magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiment with an ultra‐low field (ULF) MRI system.
Tumor organoids: synergistic applications, current challenges, and future prospects in cancer therapy
Authors: Qu Jingjing , Kalyani Farhin Shaheed , Liu Li , Cheng Tianli , Chen Lijun
Published: October 2021

Patient‐derived cancer cells (PDCs) and patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) are often used as tumor models, but have many shortcomings. PDCs not only lack diversity in terms of cell type, spatial organization, and microenvironment but also have adverse effects in stem cell cultures, whereas PDX are expensive with a low transplantation success rate and require a long culture time. In recent years, advances in three‐dimensional (3D) organoid culture technology have led to the development of novel physiological systems that model the tissues of origin more precisely than traditional culture methods. Patient‐derived cancer organoids bridge the conventional gaps in PDC and PDX models and closely reflect the pathophysiological features of natural tumorigenesis and metastasis, and have led to new patient‐specific drug screening techniques, development of individualized treatment regimens, and discovery of prognostic biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance. Synergistic combinations of cancer organoids with other technologies, for example, organ‐on‐a‐chip, 3D bio‐printing, and CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated homology‐independent organoid transgenesis, and with treatments, such as immunotherapy, have been useful in overcoming their limitations and led to the development of more suitable model systems that recapitulate the complex stroma of cancer, inter‐organ and intra‐organ communications, and potentially multiorgan metastasis. In this review, we discuss various methods for the creation of organ‐specific cancer organoids and summarize organ‐specific advances and applications, synergistic technologies, and treatments as well as current limitations and future prospects for cancer organoids. Further advances will bring this novel 3D organoid culture technique closer to clinical practice in the future.
The Modified Liquid‐Liquid Interface: The Effect of an Interfacial Layer of MoS2 on Ion Transfer
Authors: Al Nasser Hussain A. , Bissett Mark A. , Dryfe Robert A. W.
Published: October 2021

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Robert A. W. Dryfe at the University of Manchester. The cover picture shows that modifying the liquid|liquid interface with MoS2 nanosheets can lead to an enhancement of the electrochemical cation transfer. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202100820.
Making sense of multiple distance matrices through common and distinct components
Authors: Solberg Lars Erik , Dahl Tobias , Næs Tormod
Published: October 2021

Multiblock analysis attacks the problem of how to combine data from various data sources for purposes such as prediction, classification, clustering, or visual data analysis. A key concept is the distinction between “common” and “distinct” parts, that is, what information repeats itself across the blocks and what is unique to an individual block.

The statistical field of multiblock analysis holds many different approaches, which leads to different treatments both of the terms distinct and common themselves and to differences in the numerical results. In this article, we extend the discussion of distinct and common in multiblock analysis to the domain of distance matrices, that is, the situation where data point sets, so‐called configurations, are analyzed via relative distances either because configurations are not available directly or because a distance representation is favorable. Situations typical for chemometrics will be highlighted and illustrated in examples.

When analyzing different methods, we have focused on three key aspects. First, during the transition from the distance to configuration domains, one needs to consider how multiple distance matrices are treated. Second, when extracting common and distinct parts, one needs to manage a tradeoff between explaining variance and ensuring similarity between subspaces. Third, there is a design choice to be made as to whether the subspace containing the common parts is “shared” between blocks or if separate subspaces are associated with each individual block. The three aspects help to categorize and explain well‐known methods in the field. A selection of methods was analyzed and subsequently applied to examples.
Supramolecular Self‐Associations of Amphiphilic Dendrons and Their Properties
Authors: Apartsin Evgeny , Caminade Anne‐Marie
Published: October 2021

This review presents precisely defined amphiphilic dendrons, their self‐association properties, and their different uses. Dendrons, also named dendritic wedges, are composed of a core having two different types of functions, of which one type is used for growing or grafting branched arms, generally multiplied by 2 at each layer by using 1→2 branching motifs. A large diversity of structures has been already synthesized. In practically all cases, their synthesis is based on the synthesis of known dendrimers, such as poly(aryl ether), poly(amidoamine) (in particular PAMAM), poly(amide) (in particular poly(L‐lysine)), 1→3 branching motifs (instead of 1→2), poly(alkyl ether) (poly(glycerol) and poly(ethylene glycol)), poly(ester), and those containing main group elements (poly(carbosilane) and poly(phosphorhydrazone)). In most cases, the hydrophilic functions are on the surface of the dendrons, whereas one or two hydrophobic tails are linked to the core. Depending on the structure of the dendrons, and on the experimental conditions used, the amphiphilic dendrons can self‐associate at the air‐water interface, or form micelles (eventually tubular, but most generally spherical), or form vesicles. These associated dendrons are suitable for the encapsulation of low‐molecular or macromolecular bioactive entities to be delivered in cells. This review is organized depending on the nature of the internal structure of the amphiphilic dendrons (aryl ether, amidoamine, amide, quaternary carbon atom, alkyl ether, ester, main group element). The properties issued from their self‐associations are described all along the review.
Acenaphtho[1,2‐d][1,2,3]triazole and Its Kuratowski Complex: A π‐Extended Tecton for Supramolecular and Coordinative Self‐Assembly
Authors: Knippen Katharina , Matuszczyk Daniel , Kraft Maryana , Bredenkötter Björn , Eickerling Georg , Lis Tadeusz , Volkmer Dirk , Stępień Marcin
Published: October 2021

π‐Extended acenaphtho[1,2‐d][1,2,3]triazoles, the unsubstituted Anta‐H and its di‐tert‐butyl derivative Dibanta‐H, as well as 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐1H‐naphtho[2,3‐d][1,2,3]triazole Cybta‐H were obtained in concise syntheses. In the solid state, Dibanta‐H forms an unprecedented hydrogen‐bonded cyclic tetrad, stabilized by dispersion interactions of the bulky tBu substituents, whereas a cyclic triad was found in the crystal structure of Anta‐H. These cyclic assemblies form infinite slipped stacks in the crystals. Evidence for analogous hydrogen‐bonded self‐assembly in solution was provided by low‐temperature NMR spectroscopy and computational analyses. Kuratowski‐type pentanuclear complexes [Zn5Cl4(Dibanta)6] and [Zn5Cl4(Cybta)6] were prepared from the respective triazoles. In the Dibanta complexes, the π‐aromatic surfaces of the ligands extend from the edges of the tetrahedral Zn5 core, yielding an enlarged structure with significant internal molecular free volume and red‐shifted fluorescence.
Rhoda‐Electrocatalyzed C−H Methylation and Paired Electrocatalyzed C−H Ethylation and Propylation
Authors: Kuciński Krzysztof , Simon Hendrik , Ackermann Lutz
Published: October 2021

The use of electricity over traditional stoichiometric oxidants is a promising strategy for sustainable molecular assembly. Herein, we describe the rhoda‐electrocatalyzed C−H activation/alkylation of several N‐heteroarenes. This catalytic approach has been successfully applied to several arenes, including biologically relevant purines, diazepam, and amino acids. The versatile C−H alkylation featured water as a co‐solvent and user‐friendly trifluoroborates as alkylating agents. Finally, the rhoda‐electrocatalysis with unsaturated organotrifluoroborates proceeded by paired electrolysis.
Quantifying the lateral heterogeneity of distal submarine lobe deposits, Point Loma Formation, California: Implications for subsurface lateral facies prediction
Authors: Kus Kaci B. , Jobe Zane R. , Laugier Fabien , Walker Wylie , Sullivan Morgan
Published: October 2021

Submarine fan deposits are volumetrically the largest sediment accumulations on Earth and host significant hydrocarbon reserves. Extensive research has documented the bed‐scale architecture of high sand‐to‐mud ratio, proximal and axial environments, which can have bed thicknesses of several metres; however, less well‐understood are thin‐bedded turbidites, which are typically lower N:G and deposited in more distal environments. Conceptual models assume that lobe‐fringe‐to‐basin plain environments consist of tabular, sheet‐like beds that extend out continuously and predictably over long distances—up to several kilometres. Extensive lateral continuity, however, is not necessarily reflected in ancient outcrop analogues. This study seeks to apply a quantitative approach to the characterisation of thin‐bedded turbidites to assess the impact of multi‐scale heterogeneity on reservoir predictability. The sea‐cliff outcrop exposures of the Upper Cretaceous Point Loma Formation in San Diego, California, exhibit a wide range of bed thicknesses and stratigraphic architecture, which have been used to interpret an off‐axis‐to‐fringe depositional environment. The study area spans 700 m of laterally continuous outcrop, across which 10 correlated stratigraphic sections are used to quantify changes in metrics such as bed thickness, N:G, lithofacies proportions, etc. Results of this study demonstrate that thin sand beds experience both lateral facies changes and rapid thickness changes more frequently than conceptual models would predict. A single measure of lateral heterogeneity does not reflect the true architecture of sandstone beds, and significant information is lost when beds are correlated over ten to hundreds of metres. Sands are commonly deposited in irregular, ‘finger‐like’, planform geometries, which compounds at the lobe element scale and influences lateral lithofacies predictability. This study of the Point Loma Formation offers high‐resolution bed‐to‐element scale data, which may be used as inputs for reservoir models and horizontal facies predictions in both conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Time series of δ26Mg variability in precipitation of north‐west Germany
Authors: Riechelmann Sylvia , Spötl Christoph , Immenhauser Adrian
Published: October 2021

This study presents δ26Mg values, Mg2+ concentrations, δ18O and δ2H values of monthly collected rain and snow samples between 2014 and 2017 from north‐west Germany. The δ26Mg values of snow are similar to those of rain. Unlike δ18O and δ2H, neither δ26Mgprecipitation values nor Mg2+ concentrations display a relationship with air temperature. In contrast, δ26Mgprecipitation values and Mg2+ concentrations are correlated with precipitation amount. As previously suggested by other studies but now based on a larger data set, it is proposed that the δ26Mg values and Mg2+ concentrations are affected by the mineralogical composition and amount of airborne dust. Consequently, a small number of random precipitation samples cannot represent the complex processes influencing the δ26Mgprecipitation values. δ26Mgprecipitation can be used to differentiate between seawater aerosols, carbonate and silicate dust. Silicate dust is typified by higher Mg concentrations and δ26Mg values compared to carbonate dust. Concerning carbonates, dolostone dust has higher Mg concentrations and δ26Mg values, while limestone dust is Mg‐lean with lower δ26Mg values. Dust of anthropogenic origin in the region can come from active limestone and dolostone quarries, surface mining of siliciclastics, and agriculture on silicate‐rich soils. Although dust of this mineralogy can also be of natural origin, most natural dust consists of airborne silicates transported by wind systems from the Sahara to Europe. Higher δ26Mgprecipitation values would indicate silicate or dolostone dust influx. Lower δ26Mgprecipitation values suggest lower dust concentrations and a predominantly calcitic dust mineralogy. It appears that δ26Mgprecipitation is most probably influenced by changes in weather conditions and natural and anthropogenic dust origin. This study implies that δ26Mgprecipitation is a potential proxy for dust mineralogy and fluxes. Nevertheless, further research should include the determination of atmospheric dust mineralogy and their fractions as well as air mass back trajectory analysis to identify the source(s) of dust.
Preoccupation in bulimia nervosa, binge‐eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, and higher weight
Authors: Lydecker Janet A. , Simpson Lauren , Smith Shannon R. , White Marney A. , Grilo Carlos M.
Published: October 2021

Objective

Preoccupation (excessive and constant thoughts) about shape/weight and food/eating is thought to be prominent in individuals with eating disorders but has received much less research than overt behavioral features. This study examined the significance and distinctiveness of different foci of preoccupation in individuals categorized with different forms of eating disorders and in individuals with higher weight.

Method

Participants (N = 1,363) completed a web‐based survey with established measures of eating‐disorder psychopathology and depression. The current study compared preoccupation among individuals with core features of bulimia nervosa (BN; n = 144), binge‐eating disorder (BED; n = 576), anorexia nervosa (AN; n = 48), and higher body weight (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25) without eating‐disorder features (higher weight [HW]; n = 595). Associations of each type of preoccupation with other eating‐disorder psychopathology and depression were examined both between and within study groups.

Results

Preoccupation with shape/weight and with food/eating showed a graded pattern of statistically significant differences: AN and BN had higher preoccupation than BED, which was higher than HW. Within BN, BED, and AN study groups, correlation magnitudes of shape/weight and food/eating preoccupation with eating‐disorder psychopathology and depression did not differ significantly. Within the HW group, shape/weight preoccupation was significantly more strongly correlated than food/eating preoccupation with overvaluation, body dissatisfaction, and depression.

Discussion

The preoccupation cognitive style, as well as focus, appears associated with other facets of eating‐disorder psychopathology and depression. If results are confirmed among individuals with formal diagnoses, clinicians addressing maladaptive cognitions in cognitive‐behavioral therapy should consider the role of preoccupation. Future research should investigate whether preoccupation predicts or moderates eating disorder treatment outcomes.
Spatiotemporal variations of Alxa national public welfare forest net primary productivity in northwest China and the response to climate change
Authors: Xi Haiyang , Feng Qi , Cheng Wenju , Si Jianhua , Yu Tengfei
Published: October 2021

Net primary productivity (NPP) is an important index to evaluate vegetation growth. This study used MODIS remote sensing image data during growing seasons to calculate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and surface water stress coefficient (Wε) and then utilized Carnegie‐Ames‐Stanford‐Approach (CASA) model to estimate the NPP of Alxa public welfare forest. Furthermore, the impacts of national policy, temperature and precipitation on spatiotemporal variations of NPP were also discussed. The results showed that: (1) Significant changes of NDVI and vegetation NPP of Alxa public welfare forest were found since the beginning of the monitoring in 2010. The NDVI of the forest area increased during 2010–2018 from 0.110 to 0.122. In most areas, NDVI showed a significant or insignificant increasing trend. (2) Obviously spatial differences of the distribution of vegetation NPP in Alxa public welfare forest were detected. The vegetation NPP increased from 50.41 to 58.61 gC·m−2·a−1 during 2010–2018, with an average NPP of 53.95 gC·m−2·a−1. (3) National policy was the dominant factor affecting the increase of vegetation NPP of Alxa public welfare forest. In addition, among the meteorological factors investigated, precipitation was the main factor affecting the spatial variation of NPP. There was a positive correlation between precipitation and NPP in 63% of the regions, whereas the spatial correlation between temperature and NPP was generally weak. This study could provide a macroscopic basis for the monitoring of vegetation growth in Alxa public welfare forest in recent 10 years.
Wind Speed Prediction in the Hexi Corridor Region of China Using an Enhanced Multiscale Nonlinear Ensemble Model
Authors: Wang Jujie , Feng Chunchen , He Junjie
Published: October 2021

Accurate wind speed prediction has become more and more popular. Herein, an enhanced multi‐scale nonlinear ensemble model is proposed to predict short‐term wind speed. First, advanced data preprocessing technology is used to extract these feature sequences. Second, each feature sequence is predicted by bidirectional long short‐term memory. In addition, the gated recurrent unit (GRU) realizes nonlinear ensemble and integrates the prediction information. Finally, GRU with white noise test is utilized to correct the residual to retain the possible effective information in the residual. The performance of the model is evaluated using the daily and hourly wind speeds of two wind farms in the Hexi Corridor region. The experimental results show that the proposed model has the best prediction accuracy among all relevant models. Taking Zhangye wind farm as an example, in the daily wind speed dataset, mean absolute percentage error, square sum error, theil inequality coefficient and the index of agreement of the model are 0.6416, 5.4234, 0.0151, and 0.9979, respectively. In the hourly dataset, they are 0.1037, 0.0042, 0.0003, and 1.0000, respectively. In the wind speed data of the Guazhou wind farm, the hybrid model proposed in this research also performs best.
A Pareto optimum approach and a power management strategy for a stand‐alone wind turbine‐PV‐hydrogen with reformer hybrid renewable energy system
Authors: Tezer Tuba , Yaman Ramazan
Published: October 2021

In this study, a multi‐objective and constrained optimization problem is discussed. The SAHRESOpt (multi‐objective and constrained optimization algorithm for SA‐HRES) which includes size optimization and minimization of the loss of power supply probability was developed based on non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm‐II (NSGA‐II). Additionally, a power management strategy was designed to ensure that the power flow between the system elements minimizes the unmet load and/or the excess energy. In this context, with the aim of obtaining uninterrupted hydrogen energy in the system, a reformer was used transforming methane gas produced by an anaerobic reactor into hydrogen. Thus, a stand‐alone hybrid renewable energy system (SA‐HRES) that does not generate CO2 emissions was designed. Furthermore, within the scope of size optimization, both the types of system elements and the numbers of them were optimized. Then, the positive effects of reformer existence on both of the objective functions, and also the effects of considering the waste energy percentage as a constraint are presented. Also, Pareto solutions of SAHRESOpt and NSGA‐II are compared. Finally, a case study including photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, fuel cells, electrolyzers, hydrogen tanks, and a reformer is presented to prove the effectiveness of the presented algorithm and validate the results.
Structural and Synthetic Insights into Sodium‐Mediated‐Ferration of Fluoroarenes
Authors: Maddock Lewis C. H. , Kennedy Alan R. , Hevia Eva
Published: October 2021

Exploiting chemical cooperation between Na and Fe(II) within the bimetallic base [dioxane ⋅ NaFe(HMDS)3] (I), (dioxane=1,4‐dioxane, HMDS=N(SiMe3)2) the selective ferration of fluorobenzene, 1‐fluoronaphthalene, 1,4‐difluorobenzene, 1,2,4‐trifluorobenzene, 1,3,5‐trifluorobenzene, 1‐bromo‐3,5‐difluorobenzene, 3‐fluoroanisole and 3,5‐difluoroanisole has been realized, affording sodium ferrates [dioxane ⋅ Na(HMDS)(2‐F‐C6H4)Fe(HMDS)]∞ (1), [dioxane ⋅ Na(HMDS)(2‐F‐C10H6)Fe(HMDS)]∞ (2), [dioxane ⋅ {Na(HMDS)(2,5‐F2‐C6H3)Fe(HMDS)}2]∞ (3), [dioxane ⋅ {Na(HMDS)(2,3,6‐F3‐C6H2)Fe(HMDS)}2]∞ (4), [(dioxane)1.5 ⋅ Na(HMDS)(2,4,6‐F3‐C6H2)Fe(HMDS)]2 (5), [(dioxane)1.5 ⋅ {Na(HMDS)(4‐Br‐2,6‐F2‐C6H2)Fe(HMDS)2] (6), [{(dioxane)2 ⋅ Na2Fe(HMDS)2(2‐methoxy‐6‐F‐C6H3)}+{Fe(HMDS)3}−]∞ (7) and [dioxane ⋅ {Na(HMDS)(4‐methoxy‐2,6‐F2‐C6H2)Fe(HMDS)}2]∞ (8), respectively. Reactions take place under mild reaction conditions, with excellent control of the selectivity and no competing C−F bond activation is observed. Showcasing complex polymeric arrangements in some cases, the structures of compounds 1–8 have been determined by X‐ray crystallographic studies. In all cases, the Fe(II) centers occupy the position in the relevant fluoroarene that was previously filled by a proton, confirming that these metallations are actually ferration processes whereas the Na atoms prefer to form Na⋅⋅⋅F dative interactions. Compounds 1–8 are thermally stable and do not undergo benzyne formation (through NaF elimination) and their formation contrasts with the inertness of Fe(HMDS)2 which fails to act as a base to metallate fluoroarenes.
Impact of the magnetic dipole on stagnation point flow of ferromagnetic Walters‐B liquid: A passive control approach with Buongiorno's model
Authors: Jayaprakash Manangi Chamaraja , Lalitha Kora Revanna , Sarada Konduru , Ashok Reddy Deshmukh , Arasaiah Arasaiah
Published: October 2021

The properties of ferromagnetic fluids make them suitable for a wide range of applications, including loudspeakers, magnetic resonance imaging, computer hard drives, magnetic drug delivery, and magnetic hyperthermia. Owing to all such potential applications, the present research work is established to explain the stagnation point flow, heat, and mass transfer of Walters‐B liquid in the presence of magnetic dipole, Brownian diffusion, and thermophoresis. To control the nanoparticles concentration at the surface, a passive control condition is employed. Using suitable similarity transformations, the governing equations are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Noticeable behavior of significant parameters on flow fields is studied graphically. The significant outcomes of the present study are that the increased values of viscoelastic parameter decline the velocity but an inverse trend is seen in heat transfer. The increased values of the Brownian motion parameter decline the heat transfer but a contrary trend is seen for augmented values of the thermophoresis parameter. The heat transfer rate is increased for rising values of radiation parameter and Biot number. The upward values of the thermophoresis parameter decline the rate of mass transfer. The escalating values of ferromagnetic interaction and velocity ratio parameters improve the skin friction.