bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute and Short-Term Outcomes of Percutaneous Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement in Children
Authors: Maschietto Nicola , Prakash Ashwin , del Nido Pedro , Porras Diego
Published: March 2021

Background:

Despite the improvement of surgical techniques for mitral valve (MV) repair in children, mitral valve replacement (MVR) is sometimes still necessary. MVR and redo-MVR continue to be burdened by early postoperative mortality and long-term morbidity with only about 75% of these patients being alive or transplant-free 10 years after the initial MVR. Although transcatheter MVR (TMVR) is a well-established intervention in high surgical risk adults, only a few pediatric valve-in-valve case reports have been published. The purpose of this study was to describe our initial experience with the off-label use of the Sapien S3 valve for TMVR in a highly selected pediatric patient population.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients who underwent TMVR at Boston Children’s Hospital between October 2018 and July 2020.

Results:

Eight consecutive high surgical risk pediatric patients (median age, 9 years; range, 8–15) underwent TMVR (7 as valve-in-valve, 1 in a native MV). Each patient previously underwent multiple MV surgeries or MVR (median 4, range 2–5) and was highly symptomatic (Ross functional class 3 or 4). The indication for TMVR was mitral stenosis in 4 patients, regurgitation in 1, and mixed disease in 3. TMVR was successful in each patient, effectively reduced the left atrium and pulmonary hypertension (
P
=0.012 and 0.043 respectively), and was carried out without significant complications.

Conclusions:

TMVR is an attractive alternative to MVR in high surgical risk patients. In this small series, TMVR was acutely effective and safe, with very encouraging early results.
Recherches archéologiques sur les mines et la métallurgie de l’argent à Imiter (Maroc)
Authors: Fauvelle François-Xavier , Robion-Brunner Caroline , Fabre Jean-Marc , Baron Sandrine , Mensan Romain , Souhassou Mustapha
Published: March 2021

Imiter, mine d’argent de l’Anti-Atlas marocain encore en activité, possède des vestiges archéologiques de travaux miniers et métallurgiques. L’étude de textes anciens et d’artefacts a permis de la rapprocher de la mine d’argent de Todgha connue à l’époque médiévale (El Ajlaoui 1994). Entre 2011 et 2014, une équipe pluridisciplinaire (historien, géologue métallogéniste, géochimiste, archéologues) a entrepris des prospections en surface et en souterrain, la fouille de trois cuves de traitement du minerai ainsi que la caractérisation minéralogique et géochimique de minerais et déchets métallurgiques anciens. Les résultats des datations des cuves placent le dépôt après utilisation entre le IIe siècle cal BC et le VIe siècle cal AD, soit avant la période islamique. Cet article fait état des résultats de ces recherches, qui documentent pour la première fois une exploitation antique de l’argent dans les régions méridionales du Maroc, exploitation qui s’est poursuivie à l’époque médiévale.
Taxonomy of Ophiorrhiza pectinata: Indo–Lankan Species with Notes on Lectotypification and Identity of Ophiorrhiza falcata (RUBIACEAE)
Authors: MURUGAN P. , MURUGAN C.
Published: March 2021

The taxonomy of Ophiorrhiza pectinata Arn., is discussed here with a detailed description, nomenclature, colour photographs and distribution map. Besides, the name O. falcata Bedd., is lectotypified and relegated to a heterotypic synonym of O. pectinata.
New names in living Ocotea Aubl. (Lauraceae) and a remark on Litsea cuneata
Authors: MORAES PEDRO LUÍS RODRIGUES DE
Published: March 2021

In the present communication, after checking fossil plant names in the International Fossil Plant Names Index (IFPNI 2014–onwards), the homonymy of two fossil and extant species names of Ocotea Aublet (1775: 780) has been detected and resolved. Ocotea alata van der Werff (1991: 416) (extant) is replaced by a new name O. loretensis nom. nov., because of the earlier homonym O. alata Givulescu (1975: 173) (fossil leaves), according to Article 53.1 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018). Similarly, O. morona-santiagoensis nom. nov. is proposed to replace the later illegitimate homonym O. pilosa van der Werff (2020: 220) (extant) non O. pilosa Givulescu (1975: 172) (fossil leaves). An additional homonym was found in extant Litsea Lamarck (1792: 574) that is preoccupied by a fossil. However, since it is currently recognized as a taxonomic synonym of Litsea tomentosa Blume (1826: 566), there is no need to create a nomen novum for it.
A comparative study of the immature stages of closely related species Cassida pfefferi Sekerka, 2006, Cassida nobilis Linnaeus, 1758 and Cassida vittata Villers, 1789 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Cassidini)
Authors: ŚWIĘTOJAŃSKA JOLANTA , BELCZYK EWA
Published: March 2021

Immature stages of Cassida pfefferi Sekerka, 2006 from Cyprus are described and illustrated for the first time and compared with immatures of closely related species Cassida nobilis Linnaeus, 1758 and Cassida vittata Villers, 1789. Detailed descriptions of mature larvae and pupae of C. nobilis and C. vittata are also given. Analysis of the morphological body structure of the preimaginal stages of the studied species reveals subtle characters distinguishing C. pfefferi from other species of C. nobilis groups and confirms its species status.
Differences in the Cytotoxic Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Two- and Three-Dimensionally Cultured Human Neural Precursor Cells and Rat Brain Slices
Authors: Kim Myeong Jin , Yoo Chan-Jong , Kim Yong-Jung , Lee Uhn , Park Jinny , Choi Dae Han , Yoo Young-Mi
Published: March 2021

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used in batteries, nano-electronic devices, fuel cells, and biosensors as they can be used to make these devices more biocompatible; moreover, various compounds can be attached to these CNTs. Although multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been used in biosensors for the detection of specific proteins and neurotransmitters, they are not well understood. The present study addressed the difference between the cytotoxic effects of different types of MWCNTs by testing them on two dimensional (2D) and 3D-cultivated human neural precursor cells (hNPCs). We also evaluated the apoptotic damage caused by these MWCNTs using rat brain slices. Our results confirmed that there was significant cytotoxic effect of MWCNT, as shown by the damage caused to the 2D cultured cells. However, the cell death seen in the 3D cultured cells treated with MWCNT was significantly lower than that of the 2D cultivated cells. Furthermore, the 3D cell cytotoxicity assay showed similar results after MWCNT 1/2 treatment and decreased slightly after MWCNT 3/4 treatment, except when treated with 10 ng/ml of MWCNT 3 and 1 g/ml of MWCNT 4. Western blot results using brain slices treated with MWCNTs showed that the expressions of SAPK/JNK, Caspase 3, and Caspase 8 were not significantly different compared to those in the control. In conclusion, MWCNTs had a stable effect on the 3D cultured cells or brain slices, consistent with the results seen in the in vivo system, but caused remarkable damage to the 2D cultured cells that were observed as a flat structure
Prevalence and management of people with eating disorders presenting to primary care: A national study
Authors: Ivancic Lorraine , Maguire Sarah , Miskovic-Wheatley Jane , Harrison Christopher , Nassar Natasha
Published: March 2021

Objective:

Primary care practitioners are well placed to support diagnosis and appropriate treatment of eating disorders as they are often the first point of contact with the health care system. However, little is known about management of eating disorders in primary care. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of management of eating disorders in primary care and identify how these disorders are managed.

Methods:

This study used data from the Bettering the Evaluation of Care of Health programme, which annually surveys 1000 randomly sampled general practitioners in Australia who each record details of 100 successive patient encounters. In total, data were utilised from 1,568,100 primary care encounters between 2000/2001 and 2015/2016.

Results:

Eating disorders were managed in less than 1% of primary care encounters between 2000/2001 and 2015/2016. When extrapolated to the Australian population, up to 0.32% of the population were managed in primary care for a primary or probable eating disorder. In the majority of encounters where an eating disorder was managed (58.5%), the encounter was initiated for reasons other than the eating disorder itself. Of a group of patients identified with a clinically significant low body mass index ( N = 5917), a small number ( n = 118) had either no other diagnosis or a related condition that may be indicative of an eating disorder. In encounters where an eating disorder was managed, referrals to a mental health specialist/service, medical specialist and nutritionist/dietician were provided in 20%, 8% and 6% of encounters, respectively. Mental health treatment plans, which provide subsidised access to mental health services, were ascribed in approximately 7.7% of encounters where an eating disorder was managed.

Conclusion:

Primary care provides an opportunity to improve detection and management of eating disorders, particularly when patients present for ‘other’ issues or with unexplained low body mass index and one or more symptoms related to an eating disorder.
Neighborhood Context and Juvenile Recidivism: A Spatial Analysis of Organizations and Reoffending Risk
Authors: Thompson-Dyck Kendra
Published: March 2021

Leveraging point-level spatial data from the Phoenix area, we consider the role of nearby organizations as contextual factors that amplify or reduce reoffending risk among juvenile offenders after court completion. Using survival models, we examine whether residential proximity to seven types of organizations impacts risk of recidivism, net of neighborhood disadvantage and offender characteristics. Aggregate neighborhood disadvantage was not associated with reoffending risk and organizational findings were mixed. Low-level offenders with more total organizations nearby had a higher risk of new property offenses, while the risk of drug and violent reoffending nearly doubled for diversion youth residing near police facilities or detention centers. Individual demographics and prior offense histories remained the strongest, most consistent predictors of juvenile recidivism.
The memories of others: How leaders import collective memories in political speech
Authors: Adams Tracy , Baden Christian
Published: March 2021

Owing to the increasing presence of globalized communication and the accelerated exchange of cultural products, there is a consensus that collective memories transcend their original contexts. We investigate how imported memories are recruited in political speech to render meaning relevant to domestic publics. Based on a qualitative comparative long-term analysis of speeches held by heads of state in the United States, the United Kingdom, Israel, and Germany (1945–2018), we identify three ways in which memories are imported into new settings. Findings show that memories are not imported as meaningful wholes, but arranged selectively and recontextualized, confining their role to supporting predetermined domestic agendas. While the progressing transnationalization may have expanded the repertoire of memories available for public sense-making, the use of memories remains firmly rooted within the national context.
3D-Printed Polycaprolactone Reinforced Hydrogel as an Artificial TMJ Disc
Authors: Jiang N. , Yang Y. , Zhang L. , Jiang Y. , Wang M. , Zhu S.
Published: March 2021

The replacement of a damaged temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc remains a long-standing challenge in clinical settings. No study has reported a material with comprehensively excellent properties similar to a natural TMJ disc. In this work, we designed a novel artificial TMJ disc using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel crosslinked by cyclic freeze-thaw and reinforced by 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) implants. The mechanical properties and surface morphologies of the artificial TMJ disc and the natural goat TMJ disc were tested and compared via compression, tensile, cyclic compression/tensile, creep, friction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The fibroblasts and chondrocytes were cultured on the artificial TMJ disc for 1, 3, and 5 d for cytotoxicity testing. Importantly, the artificial discs were placed into the TMJs of goats in an innovative way to induce disc defect repair for 12 wk. The PVA + PCL artificial disc demonstrated mechanical strength similar to that of natural disc, as well as 1) better fatigue resistance, viscoelasticity, and hydrophilicity; 2) less creep; and 3) low friction, cytotoxicity, and cell adhesion. By repairing the defects of the TMJ disc in goats, the artificial disc demonstrated the ability to maintain joint stability and protect condylar cartilage and bone from damage. These promising results indicate the feasibility of using a PVA + PCL artificial TMJ disc in a clinical context.
Low Self-Control, Peer Delinquency, and Crime: Considering Gendered Pathways
Authors: Stults Brian J. , Hernandez Jorge Luis , Hay Carter
Published: March 2021

Objectives: We extend prior research by considering how low self-control and peer delinquency may work together in a mediating process whereby low self-control increases association with delinquent peers, which in turn increases criminal offending. Further, we draw on gender crime research to suggest that the indirect effect of self-control on offending will be greater for boys than girls. Methods: We use three waves of data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods to test these hypotheses for violent offending, property offending, and substance use, using multi-group multilevel generalized structural equation models that address issues of time ordering, spuriousness, and the measurement of criminality. Results: The hypothesized mediation process is supported by our results. We also find that the indirect effect of low self-control on violence and property crime is greater for boys, primarily driven by a stronger effect of delinquent peers for boys. In contrast, and in support of expectations, the results for substance use reveal little gender difference. Conclusions: We conclude that rather than treating self-control and peer delinquency as competing explanations, we should view them as working together to affect crime and delinquency. Moreover, researchers must give careful attention to gender differences in the pathways to offending.
Linear active disturbance rejection control for the electro-hydraulic position servo system
Authors: Jin Kunshan , Song Jianli , Li Yongtang , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhou Haibo , Chang Xin
Published: March 2021

Valve-controlled asymmetric cylinder is widely used in servo loading system. As a kind of typical electro-hydraulic servo system (EHSS), it inherently has the characteristics such as high order nonlinear, strong coupling, and uncertain, therefore, conventional control strategy is difficult to satisfy the requirements of high-performance control. In this paper, a novel linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) method was proposed, in which the internal and external disturbances were actively estimated by the third-order linear extended state observer (LESO) in real-time, and rejected by the control law of proportional integral control (PID) with acceleration feed-forward. The stability of the proposed method was proved, and the influence rules of the LADRC parameters on the control performance were revealed by simulation. Finally, comparative experiments between LADRC and PID control were carried out, results showed that the disturbances can be effectively compensated and the control goals can be successfully achieved with the proposed method.
Becoming ‘pet slaves’ in urban China: Transspecies urban theory, single professional women and their companion animals
Authors: Tan Chris KK , Liu Tingting , Gao Xiaojun
Published: March 2021

Urban spaces in China have traditionally been marked by hetero-patriarchy, making them key sites for exploring gendered power relations. Reflecting on the growing importance of companion animals, this study investigates the roles that these animals now play in the lives of unmarried women in urban China. Using transspecies urban theory to examine interview data gathered primarily from Guangzhou, we draw three conclusions. Firstly, as material conditions increasingly define pet keeping, companion animals have become both a class symbol and a safe refuge from the stressful demands of working life. Secondly, as professional Chinese women construct positive intimate relationships with their companions to preserve their autonomy as persons at work, they increasingly turn their backs on traditional marriage and family in an instantiation of ‘emergent femininity’. Thirdly, pets offer a new venue of online sociality for their owners. By centring women in Chinese urban studies, we argue that companion animals co-construct the living conditions of their urban, female, middle-class owners.
Measuring the Valence and Intensity of Residents’ Behaviors in Host–Tourist Interactions: Implications for Destination Image and Destination Competitiveness
Authors: Tse Serene , Tung Vincent Wing Sun
Published: March 2021

While studies have documented the valence (e.g., facilitation and harm) of residents’ behaviors toward tourists, research into the intensity (i.e., activeness or passiveness) for such behaviors and the corresponding matrix that could be generated by considering both of these dimensions in the context of tourism remains unexplored. This research offers a more holistic conceptualization of residents’ behaviors by generating a matrix that constitutes the framework of the Behaviours from Intergroup Affect and Stereotype (BIAS) Map. Twelve behaviors were measured and cross-culturally validated via samples from Hong Kong, Singapore, and the United States: Active Facilitation (i.e., socializing, interacting, and starting a conversation with tourists); Passive Facilitation (i.e., tolerating, accepting, and enduring tourists’ behaviors); Active Harm (i.e., mocking, threatening, and being unfriendly to tourists); and Passive Harm (i.e., resisting, refraining, and being reluctant to help tourists). This research provides implications for tourism policy makers to manage host–guest relations that could influence destination image and destination competitiveness.
State Minimum Wage Laws as a Response to Federal Inaction
Authors: Rose Shanna
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes state legislative and ballot measure activity related to the minimum wage between 2003 and 2020. The analysis distinguishes proposals to raise the minimum wage from those to index it to the annual rate of inflation, and examines the proposed dollar amount, the process used (legislation vs. ballot measure), and the measure’s success or failure. The analysis suggests that state activity tends to increase when the minimum wage rises on the federal policy agenda, and that partisanship and ideology also play a central role in efforts to raise and index state minimum wages.
The limits of representation activism: analyzing Black celebrity politics in LeBron James’ The Shop
Authors: Wallace Brandon , Andrews David L
Published: March 2021

This discussion centers on a critical textual analysis of 10 episodes of The Shop: Uninterrupted, an HBO television series produced by and starring iconic Black American basketball player LeBron James. The aim is to provide a considered explication of representation activism: the anti-racist strategy keying on collapsing racial hierarchies through accenting positive Black representation, and so advancing greater Black inclusion, within mainstream media (Andrews, 2018; Gilroy, 2000; Godsil and Goodale, 2013). The politics and constructions of Blackness within The Shop exemplify the logical flaws, superficiality, and insipid practical outcomes of representation activism. Though The Shop proclaims to demonstrate Black liberatory representation, this analysis elucidates how The Shop’s centering of the Black celebrity elite as the agents of change falsely universalizes the experiences of everyday Black people; its pursuit of a mythological Black authenticity essentializes and romanticizes Black vernacular and identities; and its mediation through the White racial frame prohibits the articulation of an effective liberatory politics. The discussion concludes by challenging the possibilities of “positive” representation in capitalist media as a credible and sincere tactic of collective Black liberation (Hooks, 1992; Marable, 2015; Spence, 2015; West, 1994); instead, suggesting a grassroots-oriented approach prefigured on targeting the structural roots of racism.
The hybridised indexing method for research-based information retrieval
Authors: Fitzgerald Kyle Andrew , de la Harpe Andre Charles , Uys Corrie Susanna
Published: March 2021

An information retrieval system (IRS) is used to retrieve documents based on an information need. The IRS makes relevance judgements by attempting to match a query to a document. As IRS capabilities are indexing design dependent, the hybrid indexing method (IRS-H) is introduced. The objectives of this article are to examine IRS-H (as an alternative indexing method that performs exact phrase matching) and IRS-I, regarding retrieval usefulness, identification of relevant documents, and the quality of rejecting irrelevant documents by conducting three experiments and by analysing the related data. Three experiments took place where a collection of 100 research documents and 75 queries were presented to: (1) five participants answering a questionnaire, (2) IRS-I to generate data and (3) IRS-H to generate data. The data generated during the experiments were statistically analysed using the performance measurements of Precision, Recall and Specificity, and one-tailed Student’s t-tests. The results reveal that IRS-H (1) increased the retrieval of relevant documents, (2) reduced incorrect identification of relevant documents and (3) increased the quality of rejecting irrelevant documents. The research found that the hybrid indexing method, using a small closed document collection of a hundred documents, produced the required outputs and that it may be used as an alternative IRS indexing method.
Development and validation of a measure of instrumental practice–related affect
Authors: Mazur-Socha Zofia , Laguna Mariola
Published: March 2021

The article presents the development and validation of the instrumental practice–related affect measure (IPAM), based on the circumplex model of affect. This 16-item measure assesses four types of affect related to practicing a musical instrument: anxiety, comfort, depression, and enthusiasm. We conducted two studies. Confirmatory factor analysis supports the measure’s four-factor structure, allowing also for the distinction of two higher-order factors: positive and negative affect. The IPAM scales are highly reliable and correlate with affective traits, confirming the validity of the measure. The IPAM allows for capturing affective experiences in the musical learning context, in both basic and applied research.
Does Magnetic Resonance Imaging Grading Correlate With Return to Sports After Bone Stress Injuries? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hoenig Tim , Tenforde Adam S. , Strahl André , Rolvien Tim , Hollander Karsten
Published: March 2021

Background:

While some studies have failed to reveal any significant relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) grading and return to sports after bone stress injuries, others have reported either a linear or nonlinear relationship.

Purpose:

To evaluate the prognostic value of MRI grading for time to return to sports and rate of return to sports after bone stress injuries.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:

A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar. Studies reporting return to sports data after bone stress injuries using MRI grading systems were included in this review. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Meta-analyses were performed to summarize the mean time to return to sports. The Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between time to return to sports and MRI grade. A meta-analysis of proportions was conducted to determine the percentage of athletes who successfully returned to sports.

Results:

A total of 16 studies with 560 bone stress injuries met inclusion criteria. Higher MRI-based grading was associated with an increased time to return to sports ( P < .00001). Pooled data revealed that higher MRI-based grading correlated with a longer time to return to sports ( r = 0.554; P = .001). Combining all anatomic locations, the mean time to return to sports was 41.7 days (95% CI, 30.6-52.9), 70.1 days (95% CI, 46.9-93.3), 84.3 days (95% CI, 59.6-109.1), and 98.5 days (95% CI, 85.5-112.6) for grade 1, 2, 3, and 4 injuries, respectively. Trabecular-rich sites of injury (eg, pelvis, femoral neck, and calcaneus) took longer to heal than cortical-rich sites of injury (eg, tibia, metatarsal, and other long-bone sites of injury). Overall, more than 90% of all athletes successfully returned to sports.

Conclusion:

The findings from this systematic review indicate that MRI grading may offer a prognostic value for time to return to sports after the nonsurgical treatment of bone stress injuries. Both MRI grade and location of injury suggest that individually adapted rehabilitation regimens and therapeutic decisions are required to optimize healing and a safe return to sports.
Musculoskeletal Injuries and Their Association With Previous Concussion History: A Prospective Study of High School Volleyball and Soccer Players
Authors: Biese Kevin M. , Kliethermes Stephanie A. , Watson Andrew M. , McGuine Timothy A. , Lang Pamela J. , Bell David R. , Alison Brooks M.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Sports-related concussions may have a neurobiological recovery period that exceeds the period of clinical recovery, and one consequence of an extended neurobiological recovery may be the risk of subsequent musculoskeletal injuries. Most literature citing an increased risk of musculoskeletal injury after a sports-related concussion has been reported in populations other than adolescent athletes.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to prospectively determine if incidence rates of musculoskeletal injury differ between adolescent athletes with and without a previous sports-related concussion, while controlling for sex, sport, and age. A secondary aim was to determine if this relationship differs between male and female athletes of the same sport. Our hypotheses were that acute-noncontact injury rates would be higher in athletes with a previous sports-related concussion when compared with athletes without a previous sports-related concussion, and that this relationship would exist only in female athletes and not male athletes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

High school soccer and volleyball players were recruited in 2 prospective cohort studies that observed 4837 athletes during their sporting season (females, 80%; soccer, 57%; mean [SD] age, 15.6 [1.1] years). At preseason, all participants self-reported demographics and previous sports-related concussion within the past 12 months. During the sport season, team athletic trainers electronically recorded athlete exposures and injury data, including injury characteristics. Injury rates per 1000 athlete exposures and injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. All injury rates and IRRs were adjusted for sex, age, and sport.

Results:

The rate of acute-noncontact lower extremity injury was 87% greater (IRR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.29-2.74) in participants with a previous sports-related concussion versus those without one. The acute-noncontact lower extremity injury rates (IRRs) for females and males with a previous sports-related concussion were 1.76 (95% CI, 1.19-2.59) and 2.83 (95% CI, 0.85-9.50), respectively. No difference was detected in acute-contact (IRR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.56-1.73) or overuse (IRR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.51-2.37) lower extremity injury rates by previous sports-related concussion.

Conclusion:

Female adolescent athletes who reported a sports-related concussion within the past 12 months were more likely to sustain an acute-noncontact lower extremity injury during their high school sports season when compared with female athletes without a previous sport-related concussion.
High Incidence of Barotrauma in Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Kahn Michael R. , Watson Richard L. , Thetford Jay T. , Wong Joseph Isaac , Kamangar Nader
Published: March 2021

Objective.:

To report the high incidence of barotrauma in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to discuss its implications.

Design.:

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting.:

ICU of an academic county hospital in Los Angeles, CA admitted from March 15-June 20, 2020.

Patients.:

77 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. 75 patients met inclusion criteria.

Results.:

21% of patients with severe COVID-19 sustained barotrauma (33% of patients receiving IMV, 8% of patients receiving (NIV). There were no differences between the barotrauma and non-barotrauma groups regarding demographics, illness severity, or medications received, nor tidal volume or average/peak airway pressures in those receiving IMV. In the barotrauma group there was a greater proportion of patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation (81% vs. 47%, p = 0.023) and ventilated using airway pressure release ventilation mode (13% vs. 0%, p = 0.043). Barotrauma was associated with increased likelihood of receiving a tracheostomy (OR 2.58 [0.23-4.9], p = 0.018]), longer median ICU length of stay (17 days vs. 7 days, p = 0.03), and longer median length of hospitalization (26 days vs. 14 days, p < 0.001). There was also a trend toward prolonged median duration of IMV (12.5 days vs 7 days, p = 0.13) and higher average mortality (56% vs 37%, p = 0.25).

Conclusions.:

Barotrauma is seen in 5-12% of patients with ARDS receiving IMV and is exceedingly rare in patients receiving NIV. We report a high incidence of barotrauma observed in critically ill patients with COVID-19 requiring either NIV or IMV. While there was a trend toward increased mortality in patients with barotrauma, this did not reach statistical significance. The increased incidence of barotrauma with COVID-19 may be a product of the pathophysiology of this disease state and a heightened inflammatory response causing rampant acute lung injury. Evidence-based medicine and lung-protective ventilation should remain the mainstay of treatment.
Experience of Gender-based Violence by Internally Displaced Women in Southern Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Adejumo Oluwadamilola A. , Ntoimo Lorretta , Odimayo Michael S. , Adebimpe Wasiu O. , Okiei Benedette , Osungbemiro Walter , Olajuyigbe Ebenezer , Igbafe Kate , Temitayo-Oboh Abiola , Faboya Toyin , Oludiran Olubunmi , Okonofua Friday E.
Published: March 2021

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a reproductive health issue prevalent among persons in conflict and post-conflict situations, but is largely under-reported in Nigeria. Although GBV affects both sexes, the prevalence is higher in women as compared to men. The objective of this study was to assess the experiences of female internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Nigeria during conflict and post-conflict situations. The study was conducted among IDPs in Edo State, south-south region of Nigeria. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire administered on 300 female IDPs. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted. GBV perpetrated by non-family members during conflict was experienced by 22.2% of the respondents while 13.5% experienced post-conflict violence. Up to 12.2% reported violence by intimate partners. Physical violence was commonly experienced during conflict, while sexual violence was most common post-conflict. Logistic regression analysis showed that the vulnerable categories of women were adolescents, unmarried women, women of Hausa origin, women who never attended school, and those whose displacement took place in the year prior to the study. The IDP camp appeared to offer some protection against GBV as those who had stayed in the camp longer were less likely to experience post-conflict GBV. The lack of implementation of effective laws and regulations that prevent violence against women and punish perpetuators in the country, and the ineffective security systems are some of the factors that sustain GBV. The results of this study have implications for the design of programs for the prevention of GBV during conflict and post-conflict situations.
Book review Stuart Cunningham and Terry Flew (Eds.), A Research Agenda for Creative Industries
Authors: Dwivedi Amit Kumar
Published: March 2021

Stuart Cunningham and Terry Flew (Eds.), A Research Agenda for Creative Industries (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019). pp. 184, HB £72.00. ISBN: 9781788118566.
Needlestick Injuries Among Healthcare Workers Administering COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States
Authors: Persaud Eric , Mitchell Amber
Published: March 2021

As mass COVID-19 vaccination programs roll out across the country, we are potentially faced with compromising workers’ health for the sake of the broader public health, as it relates to occupational exposure to contaminated needles and syringes. We have the opportunity to provide recommendations that advance protection of workers through the industrial hygiene hierarchy of controls, especially in light of the twentieth anniversary of the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act. Specifically, greater focus on institutional controls that can dictate the safety culture and climate of institutions that roll out COVID-19 vaccination programs, while maintaining careful focus on preventing sharps injuries and blood exposure. In addition, we provide suggestions for the role that engineering controls, such as devices with sharps injury prevention features play in protecting workers from exposure to bloodborne pathogens, as well as the importance of ongoing injury incident surveillance.
Mai i te Ao Rangatahi ki te Ao Pakeke Ka Awatea: A Study of Māori Student Success Revisited
Authors: Duckworth Fiona , Gibson Marie , Macfarlane Sonja , Macfarlane Angus
Published: March 2021

This article responds to the paucity of literature on Māori success and presents data from follow-up interviews with eight Māori young adults (pakeke), 6 years after they participated as secondary students (rangatahi) in an initial study titled Ka Awatea: An Iwi Case Study of Māori Students’ Success in 2014. Emerging outcomes reveal the central role of Māori culture and identity in their transition to adulthood. Secondary schooling nurtured their inner confidence and capacity to achieve, but did not play a significant role in development of positive Māori identity and cultural efficacy. However, as school-leavers approaching adulthood, they drew on their cultural efficacy and cultural assets, predominantly acquired from whānau, to navigate dominant culture environments. In doing so, they demonstrate that traditional Māori developmental paths have contemporary relevance, and that their roles—as cultural bearers, passing on the gifts of their ancestors—are fundamental to their aspirations and achievements.
The Relevance of Bioinformatics Applications in the Discovery of Vaccine Candidates and Potential Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment
Authors: Chukwudozie Onyeka S , Duru Vincent C , Ndiribe Charlotte C , Aborode Abdullahi T , Oyebanji Victor O , Emikpe Benjamin O
Published: March 2021

The application of bioinformatics to vaccine research and drug discovery has never been so essential in the fight against infectious diseases. The greatest combat of the 21st century against a debilitating disease agent SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) virus discovered in Wuhan, China, December 2019, has piqued an unprecedented usage of bioinformatics tools in deciphering the molecular characterizations of infectious pathogens. With the viral genome data of SARS-COV-2 been made available barely weeks after the reported outbreak, bioinformatics platforms have become an all-time critical tool to gain time in the fight against the disease pandemic. Before the outbreak, different platforms have been developed to explore antigenic epitopes, predict peptide-protein docking and antibody structures, and simulate antigen-antibody reactions and lots more. However, the advent of the pandemic witnessed an upsurge in the application of these pipelines with the development of newer ones such as the Coronavirus Explorer in the development of efficacious vaccines, drug repurposing, and/or discovery. In this review, we have explored the various pipelines available for use, their relevance, and limitations in the timely development of useful therapeutic candidates from genomic data knowledge to clinical therapy.
Vitamin D analyses in veterinary feeds by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lehner Andreas , Johnson Margaret , Zimmerman Alan , Zyskowski Justin , Buchweitz John
Published: March 2021

This report examines the feasibility of determination of Vitamin D3, D2 and their 25-hydroxy metabolites utilizing Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) as a potential alternative to popular Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) methodologies. The GC/MS/MS approach was found to operate reasonably well despite long-standing concerns that gas-liquid chromatography of vitamin D compounds invoke thermal rearrangements owing to the relatively high inlet and capillary column temperatures used. The workup procedure involved incubation of feed samples with concentrated potassium hydroxide for overnight fat saponification, extraction of D Vitamins in n-hexane and reaction with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide at 70 °C for 30 mins. In addition to parent compounds, small amounts of pyro-, isopyro-, and iso-vitamin D and isotachysterol3 variants were obtained from each Vitamin D-related compound upon extraction and GC/MS/MS analysis. Mass spectral and chromatographic behavior of these compounds are herein described and interpreted. Multiple Reaction Monitoring settings on GC/MS/MS included m/z 456→351 for Vitamin D3 and m/z 486→363 for Vitamin D2. Trimethylsilylation enabled single predominant peaks for Vitamins D3 and D2, and sample workup in the presence of deuterated Vitamin D analogs enabled accurate and precise sensitivity to 1 ppb (ng/g) in feeds. The method could be extended with reasonable accuracy to 25-hydroxy (25OH) compounds, but accuracies would be significantly improved by inclusion of respective 25OH-specific deuterated internal standards. The method was applied to 27 submissions of suspect dog foods of which 22% were discovered elevated and 44% were discovered to contain toxic levels of Vitamin D3. The described method was thus discovered to provide a suitable mass spectrometric approach for Vitamin D, proving itself here specifically of value in detection of ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol in animal feeds. The specificity and sensitivity of the tandem quadrupole approach can enable suitable applicability to serum determination if desired.
Process-based temporal coordination in multiparty collaboration for societal challenges
Authors: Hilbolling Susan , Deken Fleur , Berends Hans , Tuertscher Philipp
Published: March 2021

Solving complex societal challenges requires innovation processes that involve heterogeneous organizations collaborating for sustained periods of time. These multiparty collaborations are confronted with incongruent temporal structures, creating temporal complexities that hamper joint action. We draw on an in-depth longitudinal field study of a multiparty collaboration in a “living lab” initiative that aimed to develop innovative solutions to enhance a city’s nightlife area’s safety and economic viability. We unpack the process of temporal coordination by identifying three temporal coordination mechanisms that enabled parties to address temporal complexities: leveraging serendipitous alignment, temporary exclusion, and aligning on the future. Whereas, prior research has stressed synchronization as a dominant approach to coordination, rooted in a clock-time orientation, these three mechanisms for temporal coordination are rooted in process-time. With a process-time orientation, temporal coordination becomes inherently partial and transient, meaning that temporal complexities may resurface over time and require re-initiation of joint action, building upon emerging outcomes of previous episodes. We discuss implications for the literature on interorganizational collaboration and temporal coordination.
Endothelial deletion of PKCδ prevents VEGF inhibition and restores blood flow reperfusion in diabetic ischemic limb
Authors: Croteau Laura , Mercier Clément , Fafard-Couture Étienne , Nadeau Alexandre , Robillard Stéphanie , Breton Valérie , Guay Andréanne , Lizotte Farah , Despatis Marc-Antoine , Geraldes Pedro
Published: March 2021

Aims:

Peripheral artery disease is a complication of diabetes leading to critical hindlimb ischemia. Diabetes-induced inhibition of VEGF actions is associated with the activation of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ). We aim to specifically investigate the role of PKCδ in endothelial cell (EC) function and VEGF signaling.

Methods:

Nondiabetic and diabetic mice, with ( ec-Prkcd−/−) or without ( ec-Prkcdf/f) endothelial deletion of PKCδ, underwent femoral artery ligation. Blood flow reperfusion was assessed up to 4 weeks post-surgery. Capillary density, EC apoptosis and VEGF signaling were evaluated in the ischemic muscle. Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) phosphatase activity was assessed in vitro using primary ECs.

Results:

Ischemic muscle of diabetic ec-Prkcdf/f mice exhibited reduced blood flow reperfusion and capillary density while apoptosis increased as compared to nondiabetic ec-Prkcdf/f mice. In contrast, blood flow reperfusion and capillary density were significantly improved in diabetic ec-Prkcd−/− mice. VEGF signaling pathway was restored in diabetic ec-Prkcd−/− mice. The deletion of PKCδ in ECs prevented diabetes-induced VEGF unresponsiveness through a reduction of SHP-1 phosphatase activity.

Conclusions:

Our data provide new highlights in mechanisms by which PKCδ activation in EC contributed to poor collateral vessel formation, thus, offering novel therapeutic targets to improve angiogenesis in the diabetic limb.
Entangled Memories: Complicating the Memory of Area Bombing Through the Haunted Ruins of Anhalter Bahnhof
Authors: Florence Eloise
Published: March 2021

This article investigates the possibilities for experiential encounters with ruins in Berlin to complicate the dominant articulations of the cultural memory of Allied bombing attacks on German cities during the Second World War. Building on works that seek to disrupt normative models of cultural memory of the bombings, and entangling them with existing literature that uses new materialism to engage the sensorial nature of memory site-encounters, I examine my own fieldwork visits the ruins of Anhalter Bahnhof—a former train station—as an entanglement of both. Specifically, I investigate how encountering Anhalter through this entangled method allows the site to emerge as haunted. Encountering Anhalter as haunted might complicate the linear temporality that underpins enduring the narrative that the Allies’ actions during the war were completely ethical because they are largely framed as a response to— ergo following—the Holocaust.
Flattening the Curve: Slowing Age-Accelerated Brain Atrophy With Epilepsy Surgery
Authors: McDonald Carrie R.
Published: March 2021

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How Is COVID-19 Shaping Families’ Relationships With Food and the Food Environment in England? A Qualitative Research Protocol
Authors: Isaacs Anna , Squires Charlotte Gallagher , Hawkes Corinna
Published: March 2021

Rates of childhood overweight and obesity continue to rise in England, along with a growing gap in obesity prevalence between children in the most and least deprived areas. To address child obesity, the UK government is increasingly considering how to intervene in the (food) environments that shape people’s purchases, rather than focusing solely on individual health behaviors. With the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns having rapidly reconfigured life in the UK, it is important to understand how these changes may have impacted food practices and engagement with food environments. This remote, longitudinal qualitative study seeks to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts are shaping families relationships with the food and the food environment. A sample of 60–80 parents/carers of school or nursery-aged children will be recruited from across three case study sites in England to take part in semi-structured interviews and set of flexible creative activities at three time points over the course of a year. Findings will provide practical policy insights for England’s obesity prevention strategy as well as methodological insights in terms of conducting research into lived experience remotely.
A hybrid control strategy for grinding and polishing robot based on adaptive impedance control
Authors: Zhou Haibo , Ma Shitai , Wang Guilian , Deng Yuxin , Liu Zhenzhong
Published: March 2021

In order to realize the active and compliant motion of the robot, it is necessary to eliminate the impact caused by processing contact. A hybrid control strategy for grinding and polishing robot is proposed based on adaptive impedance control. Firstly, an electrically driven linear end effector is designed for the robot system. The macro and micro motions control model of the robot is established, by using impedance control method, which based on the contact model of the robot system and the environment. Secondly, the active compliance method is adopted to establish adaptive force control and position tracking control strategies under impact conditions. Finally, the algorithm is verified by Simulink simulation and experiment. The simulation results are as follows: The position tracking error does not exceed 0.009 m, and the steady-state error of the force is less than 1 N. The experimental results show that the motion curve coincides with the surface morphology of the workpiece, and the contact force is stable at 10 ± 3 N. The algorithm can realize more accurate position tracking and force tracking, and provide a reference for the grinding and polishing robot to realize surface processing.