bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends and directions of Islamic marketing: a bibliometric and scientometric analysis (2001–2023)
Authors: Aziz Shahab , Md Husin Maizaitulaidawati , Gazali Sidra , Zameer Rahman Eman , Afaq Zahra
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to provide bibliometric data from previously published research in Islamic marketing. To assess the knowledge structure of research in Islamic marketing and to aid future research, several categories were analysed, such as the most influential authors, the keywords and the themes of the previously published research. The paper also analyses the content of the previously published research in this field to identify the gaps and provide future research direction.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a quali-quantitative approach known as meta-literature review, we analysed the Islamic marketing literature from 2001–2023. The authors reviewed and analysed 208 papers through bibliometric citation analysis (using R-Studio, VOSviewer and Excel) and content analysis.

Findings

The findings revealed that Malaysia is the most influential country researching Islamic Marketing, and most of the papers were published by the Journal of Islamic Marketing. “Islamic”, “Marketing” and “halal” are among the top three keywords used by the authors publishing in this field. It was found that the impactful authors in Islamic marketing are Wilson, Alserhan and Sandikci, and the impactful source is the Journal of Islamic Marketing. The authors also found that the past research in this field focuses on qualitative research methods, and the objective is more towards providing a general understanding of the concept of Islamic marketing, while the current research agenda is more towards behavioural study and uses quantitative analysis.

Practical implications

By identifying core journals, seminal papers and influential authors, researchers can gain insights into the intellectual structure of a discipline in this field. This study also supports decision-makers, such as funding agencies or policymakers, and assists in making informed decisions related to resource allocation and research priorities.

Originality/value

This comprehensive study examines previously published research and contributes to mapping knowledge domains in Islamic marketing. Reviewing and analysing the published research on Islamic marketing, the authors provide 11 future research questions to extend the research on this topic. The findings of this research benefit practitioners and researchers wishing to embark on research in this niche field.
A review on upcycling as a strategic marketing tool for sustainability in the fashion industry
Authors: Ofori Emmanuel Abankwah , Akweley Bernice Djangmah , Eghan Benjamin , Seidu Raphael Kanyire , Acquaye Richard
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to present a mini-integrated review on upcycling as a marketing strategy used by brands in promoting sustainability. Upcycling has emerged as a promising strategy for sustainability in the fashion industry. Activities within the industry have resulted in the release of toxic chemicals, carbon emissions and unsustainable products with significant environmental impacts. This has influenced manufacturers and researchers to adopt alternative but sustainable approaches.

Design/methodology/approach

In this mini-integrated review, relevant documents and information were sourced from appropriate databases and websites to provide a brief insight into upcycling as a marketing tool.

Findings

This mini-integrated review further provides insight into how effective upcycling can be integrated into a brand’s marketing strategy as a tool to communicate its commitment to sustainability and the production of high-value products for consumer satisfaction. It concludes that the fashion industry has a significant impact on the environment, and the practice of upcycling has surfaced as a potential solution to address issues of sustainability paving the way for further studies.

Originality/value

Brands use upcycling to differentiate themselves from competitors and appeal to consumers who prioritize sustainability. By emphasizing the environmental benefits of upcycling, brands can position themselves as leaders in the domain of sustainable fashion practices.
From search to support: the role of UGC in stigmatized consumers’ mental health treatment journeys
Authors: Yeh Marie A. , Legocki Kimberly V. , Walker Kristen L. , Eilert Meike
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the mental health treatment journeys of stigmatized consumers using user-generated content (UGC) while also examining the role of UGC in the journey.

Design/methodology/approach

This study offers valuable insights from 68 distinct, stigmatized consumers through a qualitative content analysis of 73 YouTube product review videos related to ten antidepressants. Data is coded, combining inductive coding with theory to provide a nuanced interpretation. Applying the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation to traditional consumer journey concepts, the analysis of UGC is structured by a unique mental health treatment journey.

Findings

The findings show that consumers use UGC to destigmatize their mental health treatment by engaging in dynamic reflection throughout their journey, rather than following traditional feedback models. Unlike typical consumption patterns, where search is limited to the initial stage, these consumers search at every journey phase while sharing insights that offer valuable support to others which, sometimes they report, is reciprocated by viewers.

Research limitations/implications

Theoretically, this study introduces an innovative framework blending psychological and marketing theories to address a gap in health-care service marketing literature concerning long-term mental health treatment journeys. By introducing the concept of dynamic reflection, it demonstrates how consumers actively engage in and share insights throughout their treatment process, differing from traditional feedback models, and highlights the impact of UGC on health-care service provision.

Practical implications

Findings could inform potential health-care provider interventions that may improve treatment effectiveness.

Originality/value

Although stigmatized consumers’ experiences have been examined, their treatment experiences have not been framed within a journey framework.
Understanding consumers’ value co-creation and value co-destruction with augmented reality service marketing
Authors: Nadeem Waqar , Alimamy Saifeddin , Ashraf Abdul Rehman , Wang Kai-Yu
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Although businesses increasingly use augmented reality (AR) to enhance service experiences, the way AR service marketing inspires consumers remains underexplored. Drawing on the consumer inspiration literature, the authors examine how AR service marketing activities such as entertainment, interaction, trendiness and customization enhance consumer inspiration. In addition, the authors explore the role of consumer empowerment and skepticism as key underlying mechanisms between consumer inspiration and value co-creation (VCC) or co-destruction (VCD) intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a mixed method, explanatory sequential design to gain a more comprehensive understanding of their proposed theoretical framework. The quantitative survey study involved 344 AR app users, followed by a qualitative open-ended essay study with 34 AR app users.

Findings

Results suggest that AR service marketing activities positively influence consumer inspiration, which in turn increases consumer empowerment and reduces skepticism. The authors also found that consumer empowerment leads to VCC, while skepticism leads to VCD. These findings provide valuable insights for practitioners seeking to implement AR service marketing activities effectively to inspire consumers, foster value creation and manage value destruction.

Practical implications

The study highlights inspiration as a key factor in motivating consumers to co-create value, transcending typical service experiences and limitations. Empowered consumers, feeling inspired, are more inclined to contribute effectively to VCC, also fostering trust in the service provider. AR serves not just as a sales channel, but also as a tool for relationship-building and brand retention. Managers should leverage AR to elicit feelings of trendiness, customization and interaction, fostering empowerment and inspiring consumers to co-create value.

Originality/value

This study significantly contributes to the growing body of literature on consumer inspiration and AR service marketing. It emphasizes the need to consider external (i.e. marketing-induced) stimuli in understanding the sources and consequences of consumer inspiration through AR.
The association between dietary fatty acid intake and gallstone disease: a case-control study
Authors: Sadeghi Amir , Raissi-Dehkordi Negar , Ghorbani Moloud , Rastegar Reyhaneh , Zali Mohammadreza , Raissi-Dehkordi Nastaran , Yari Zahra , Hekmatdoost Azita
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The present study was designed with the aim of investigating the association between different dietary fatty acids and the risk of Gallstone disease (GSD).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a hospital-based, case-control study on 189 newly diagnosed GSD patients and 342 controls. Total fat and individual fatty acids, including monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were assessed.

Findings

Increased risk of GSD was observed in the highest tertile of total dietary fat (OR = 1.6, CI 95%: 1.09–2.8, p = 0.002) in the fully adjusted model. Comparing the highest intake with the first tertile, showed that intake of PUFA was significantly associated with a decrease in the risk of GSD (OR = 0.87, CI 95%: 0.5–1.5, p = 0.001), and intake of SFA (OR = 1.3, CI 95%: 1.07–2.2, p = 0.001) was associated with an increase in the risk of gallstones.

Originality/value

In this study, for the first time, we explored the role of dietary fatty acids in the development of GSD, including PUFA, MUFA and SFA. Their results could help elucidate the association between fatty acids and GSD more precisely and may be beneficial in prevention and treatment of cholelithiasis.
Family disruption, domestic violence and assaults against the police in Kentucky
Authors: Andreescu Viviana , Redman V. Paula
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Informed by the social disorganization theory (SDT), the study intends to identify the ecological factors most likely to predict assaults against the police recorded over five years in a southern American state, which has a relatively large rural population.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses aggregated county-level data on non-lethal assault against the police recorded in Kentucky between 2012 and 2016. We anticipated that structural conditions would affect directly and indirectly assaults against the police. Because predictors of social disorganization generally correlate with crimes police respond to, we hypothesized that the effects of SDT predictors on police victimization will be mediated by violent crime rates and domestic violence rates.

Findings

The study found partial empirical support for the social disorganization theory. Assaults against the police were more common in counties that had a higher proportion of female-headed households, higher rates of domestic violence citations and higher violent crime rates. Conversely, police victimization was less common in densely populated areas and in counties with higher poverty rates. While family disruption had significant direct and indirect positive effects on police victimization, the significant positive effect of ethnic heterogeneity (percent Black population) was only indirect. Residential instability did not predict significant variations in police victimization.

Originality/value

To our knowledge, no prior research attempted to determine if SDT is a valid theoretical framework when non-lethal assaults on police are examined beyond metropolitan areas. This analysis extends to counties research assessing the effects of structural conditions on nonfatal assaults against the police. Additionally, by including domestic violence among the correlates of police victimization, the current macro-level study addresses an apparent gap in the literature.
Cost–effective additive manufacturing of metal parts using pneumatic extrusion: investigation of the sintering process
Authors: Kilinc Ahmet Cagri , Turkoglu Turker , Ilbeyli Harun Mert , Celik Sare , Nehri Yunus Emre
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop a low-cost and efficient method for 3D printing CuSn15 bronze alloy parts using a pneumatic extrusion system. By avoiding complex processes such as filament preparation and solvent/catalytic debinding, the study aims to streamline the low-cost production process of metallic components while maintaining high mechanical performance. The research also seeks to evaluate the effects of different sintering temperatures and times on the mechanical properties of the printed parts.

Design/methodology/approach

A simple and cost-effective pneumatic extrusion system was designed to 3D print a metal paste containing CuSn15 alloy powders. The metal paste was prepared by manually mixing of CuSn15 powders, carboxymethyl cellulose and distilled water. The printed parts were subsequently dried and sintered at various temperatures and times to study the effects of these parameters on the material properties. Tensile test and scanning electron microscope analysis were conducted to assess the structural integrity and mechanical performance of the samples.

Findings

The study found that the pneumatic extrusion system enabled the successful 3D printing of CuSn15 bronze alloy parts without the need for complex processes. Increasing sintering temperature led to improved mechanical properties and decreased porosity. Increasing the sintering time at 820 °C led to a reduction in mechanical performance. The study demonstrated that the sintering parameters significantly influence the porosity and mechanical properties of the printed parts.

Originality/value

This study introduces a novel approach to 3D printing CuSn15 bronze alloy using a pneumatic extrusion system, eliminating the need for traditional filament preparation and solvent/catalytic debinding processes. The research provides new insights into the effect of sintering parameters on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured metal parts. By simplifying the production process, this study offers a low-cost, efficient method for producing complex-shaped metallic components, potentially expanding the applicability of 3D printing in industries such as electronics, marine and mechanical engineering.
Cross-scale light curing 3D printing method based on dynamic projection scanning lithography
Authors: Lin Chunbo , Xu Wenbin , Guo Yuxiong , Shi Chengyong , Huang Jianbo , Wang Taisheng , Zhang Hongxin , Weng Zhankun , Xu Jia
Published: February 2025

Purpose

In this paper, a dynamic projection scanning lithography (DPSL) technology and system is proposed to achieve cross-scale 3D printing, addressing the limitations of the traditional 3D printing methods that struggle to achieve both large build volumes and high precision. The method achieves a printing accuracy of 10 µm within a build volume of 100 × 100 × 100 mm, and successfully fabricates complex hollow structures and functional models.

Design/methodology/approach

DPSL uses a digital micromirror device (DMD)-based digital projector to generate light patterns for light-curing printing. The light patterns are created by sequentially loading the print design frame by frame, forming dynamic light patterns that are scanned line by line across the material surface for solidifying the printing materials. By controlling the scanning range of the digital projector, it is theoretically able to print models of any size. Additionally, by using DMD oblique scanning, the impact of the DMD micromirrors’ shape and arrangement on print accuracy is addressed by overlapping exposures along the scanning direction of the digital projector.

Findings

This study shows the printing system resolution of 1.3 µm, while the maximum size of the printing model depends on the system scanning range. Additionally, by using DMD oblique scanning, the impact of the DMD micromirrors’ shape and arrangement on print accuracy is addressed by overlapping exposures along the scanning direction of the digital projector.

Originality/value

This work demonstrates that DPSL based on oblique scanning technology is used to achieve 3D printing with high precision, large area and smoother surface. In addition, a rigid release method is used to achieve a precise printing layer thickness in the top-down printing process. By adhering the release film to the bottom surface of the glass and adjusting the descent distance of the stage for each layer, uniform layer thickness can be achieved for each exposure.
The evolution of disclosure in integrated reports by a New Zealand company
Authors: Steenkamp Natasja , Lord Beverley R. , Yang Xiaoting , Ahmed Heba Gaber
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the evolution in the quality of integrated reporting disclosures using the International Integrated Reporting Council’s (IIRC) seven guiding principles and the evolution of sustainable development goal (SDG) disclosures of a New Zealand company following its voluntary replacement of sustainability reports with integrated reports in 2014, to determine whether these disclosures are ceremonial or substantive.

Design/methodology/approach

Longitudinal qualitative content analysis of the case company’s 2014 to 2022 integrated reports was conducted using Ahmed Haji and Anifowose’s (2016) research instrument amended in line with the IIRC2021framework’s guiding principles and extending it to include the United Nations’ SDGs.

Findings

Disclosure progressively evolved from initially being ceremonial in 2014 for integrated reporting and in 2015 for the SDGs to being substantive for both by 2022.

Practical implications

This study showcases substantive and transparent disclosure and provides insights into corporate responses to SDGs. It urges managers to provide company-specific disclosures to mitigate concerns about the lack of transparency.

Social implications

Poor reporting about SDGs may lead to potential conflicts with stakeholders. The findings show that integrated reporting is a useful corporate reporting tool to enhance transparency and enable stakeholders to better understand organisations’ engagement with the SDGs.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to present an empirical account of integrated reporting and SDG disclosure over time in an environment where integrated reporting has been adopted voluntarily. This paper delves into the substance of integrated reports and contributes to the academic debate on the quality of integrated reporting practice.
Guidelines for the management of drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome 2023
Authors: Mizukawa Yoshiko , Hama Natsumi , Niihara Hiroyuki , Miyagawa Fumi , Hashizume Hideo , Tohyama Mikiko , Takahashi Hayato , Watanabe Hideaki , Ohyama Manabu , Yamaguchi Yukie , Kawamura Tatsuyoshi , Nomura Takashi , Kabashima Kenji , Sueki Hirohiko , Morita Eishin , Abe Riichiro , Asada Hideo
Published: February 2025

Drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is one of the severe drug eruptions accompanied by fever and multiple organ dysfunction, and it is induced by a relatively limited range of drugs, including anticonvulsants. A distinctive feature of this condition is its association with the reactivation of herpes viruses, particularly human herpesvirus 6. The pathogenesis involves two key factors: drug allergy and herpesvirus reactivation. DIHS is often challenging to diagnose in its early stages, and its clinical course varies widely, ranging from relatively mild to life‐threatening cases. Additionally, unexpected complications, such as autoimmune diseases, may occur during the convalescent phase. As a result, diagnosing, treating, and predicting the prognosis of DIHS remain complex issues. In response to these challenges, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Study Group on Severe Erythema Multiforme has taken the lead in developing new guidelines for the management of DIHS. These guidelines aim to support clinical practice by providing up‐to‐date, evidence‐based information on the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of DIHS.
Semiannual dormancy cycling results in two seedling cohorts of annual species in the cold desert of Central Asia
Authors: Guo Ruru , Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M. , Wang Lei , Liu Huiliang , Liu Guofang , Ye Xuehua , Grafi Gideon , Yang Xuejun , Huang Zhenying
Published: February 2025

Our aim was to quantify the life‐history strategies of the cold desert annual species Alyssum linifolium and Tetracme quadricornis (Brassicaceae), with particular emphasis on the seed stage.

Freshly matured seeds were tested for germination over a range of alternating temperature regimes in light and in dark, and the effects of seed coat scarification, cold stratification, dry after‐ripening and GA3 on dormancy‐break and germination were determined. Seeds were buried in the field at 0 (surface), 2 and 5 cm and germination of exhumed seeds tested at monthly intervals for 2 years. Seedling emergence of both species was monitored in the cold desert, and survival to maturity of plants from autumn‐ and spring‐germinated cohorts was determined.

Most fresh seeds were dormant, and dormancy was broken by all four treatments tested. In the early stages of dormancy‐break, seeds germinated to low percentages over the range of temperatures, and with additional dormancy‐break germination percentages increased. Thus, seeds have Type 6 non‐deep physiological dormancy. In the buried seed study, dormancy‐break occurred in summer (June–August), and germination peaked in late summer. By late autumn (November), all non‐germinated seeds had re‐entered dormancy. During snowmelt in late winter (February–March), some dormancy‐break occurred, and low percentages of seeds of both species germinated. In the field, seeds of both species germinate in autumn and in spring, with more seeds of A. linifolium germinating in autumn than in spring and more seeds of T. quadricornis germinating in spring than in autumn. A portion of plants from both seedling cohorts of both species survived to maturity (set seeds) with more spring‐ than autumn‐germinating plants doing so for both species. Thus, both species behave as facultative winter annuals.

Synthesis. Seeds of A. linifolium and T. quadricornis have two dormancy cycles per year. In one cycle, dormancy is broken via warm temperatures in summer and in the other one via cold stratification in late winter. Semiannual dormancy cycling results in two germination cohorts in 1 year, and it may be a bet‐hedging strategy in the rainfall‐unpredictable cold desert environment.
Building Resilience in a Crisis Through Boards – Exploring the Mediating Effect of Board Behavior
Authors: Zhang Pingying , Wang Dongyuan , Kakabadse Nada , Huning Tobias
Published: February 2025

The present study examines two board behaviors, their antecedents and their consequences in the COVID‐19 crisis. The two behaviors are (1) board involvement in crisis management planning and (2) board creative effort in finding solutions. The antecedents are board expertise and cognitive diversity. The consequence is firm resilience. The study builds its theoretical argument using the classical and refined upper echelons theory, stating that the two board behaviors mediate the effect of board expertise and cognitive diversity on firm resilience. Survey data from the United States during early 2020 was used. We found strong support for our overall argument that board involvement in crisis management planning and board creative effort in finding solutions are critical mediators. Our study also shows that the context of a crisis matters. During COVID‐19, board cognitive diversity can negatively affect board behavior. We conclude the paper with discussions and future research proposals.
Prenatal Screening for CMV Primary Infection: A Cost‐Utility Model
Authors: El Hachem Gebrael , Poder Thomas G. , Carey Catherine Mc , Gantt Soren , Kakkar Fatima , Sab Marc , Renaud Christian , Boucoiran Isabelle
Published: February 2025

Objective

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major cause of deafness and neurodevelopmental disability in children. Our objective was to assess the cost utility of first‐trimester serological CMV screening, compared to screening of high‐risk pregnancies and no serological screening.

Design

A decision‐analytic model was created to compare the cost utility of three strategies from a healthcare sector perspective: universal first‐trimester serological screening, screening only of high‐risk pregnant women (both including antiviral prophylaxis in cases of primary infection) and serological testing triggered by foetal morphological ultrasound (no CMV serological screening).

Setting

Canada.

Population

Hypothetical population of 80 000 pregnant women.

Methods

Probability, expected values and cost estimates were derived from published literature and local hospital and national insurance data.

Main Outcome Measure

Cost per maternal and infant quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) lost.

Results

Universal serological screening was superior to both screening of high‐risk women and no screening (utility of −0.42, −0.63 and − 0.87 QALY lost, respectively). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that universal screening was the most cost‐effective strategy regardless of the incidence of primary infection, the acceptability of amniocentesis and the efficacy of antiviral prophylaxis. In the Monte Carlo analyses, universal serological screening was the most cost‐effective option in 96.36% of simulations. Universal serological screening would allow detection of 152 cases of primary maternal CMV infection and would prevent 29 cases of congenital CMV infection annually.

Conclusion

Our findings support the adoption of a population‐based prenatal screening programme for the prevention of congenital CMV infection.
Flecking of fat‐filled milk powders
Authors: Tarapata Justyna , Timlin Mark , McCarthy Noel A. , O'Mahony James A.
Published: February 2025

Flecking is an insolubility issue in fat‐containing milk powders. The undissolved particles (flecks) are of different shapes and structures, primarily composed of fat and/or protein. The occurrence of flecking in reconstituted milk powders negatively impacts the visual appearance and overall quality of the final product, thereby influencing consumer acceptance and brand trust. Standard quality control measures, like wettability or insolubility, and analysis including rehydration testing are important but not sufficient in predicting, identifying and/or quantifying flecking, often necessitating additional measures to be implemented. Suitable additional analyses for flecking include confocal laser scanning microscopy, electron microscopy, particle size, and density analysis. However, it is crucial to highlight that merely tightening quality control parameters is insufficient to combat flecking. This approach does not allow for the implementation of rapid solutions when the issue is detected at the final stages of quality assessment. To effectively address fleck formation, it is necessary to scrutinize unit operations and identify precisely where, and how, in the process flecks are formed. The issue often requires reformulation and/or engineering interventions, making the final product more robust and resilient to fleck formation. To date, protein denaturation/aggregation and emulsion instability are proposed as major mechanisms governing fleck formation. Additionally, the effect of seasonality of milk chemical composition and reconstitution medium (water/coffee/tea) are other important factors. This work aims to review flecking in reconstituted fat‐filled milk powder solutions by interrogating the production process, including the skim milk base wet and dry processing, alongside the powder storage conditions and reconstitution methods, and thereby identify strategies for the control of flecking.
Microemulsion gel systems: Formulation, stability studies, biopolymer interactions, and functionality in food product development
Authors: Nwankwo Janice Adaeze , Liu Wenxue , Guo Xiusheng , Lin Yunzhuoya , Hussain Mudassar , Khan Imad , Joshua Magezi , Ibrahim Ajibola Nihmot , Ngozi Okafor Jennifer , Ali Ahmad , Zou Xiaoqiang
Published: February 2025

Microemulsion gels (MGs) are nanostructured systems created by the addition of thickening agents/biopolymers to a microemulsion's aqueous or oily phases, offering benefits like improved solubilization, enhanced stability, high encapsulation efficiency, and sustained release with versatile applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetology. MGs are intricate systems with thermodynamic robustness and controllable rheological characteristics crucial for obtaining high structural integrity and achieving innovative results regarding food product development in diverse areas of food, including colloidal carriers, food packaging, active compound delivery, antimicrobial vectors, and production of biopolymer nanoparticles. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis, hence understanding about MG systems, is needed to identify trends and gaps, helping researchers to identify promising areas for innovation and providing direction for future research. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of MG systems, their characteristics, formulation, formation mechanisms, design approaches, digestion dynamics, and rheological properties. MGs excel in solubilizing hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactives due to their enhanced viscosity and interconnected droplet network within the gel matrix. Despite their advantages, challenges, such as formulation complexity, require further understanding. This article also explores innovative biopolymers, characterization, and extensive applications, while addressing case studies, and emerging trends leveraging the potential of MG systems for enhancing food stability, functionality, and nutritional value.
Public health interventions targeted at discretionary food portion control: A qualitative study from consumers' perspectives
Authors: Liu Qingzhou , Wang Leanne , Allman‐Farinelli Margaret , Rangan Anna
Published: February 2025

Aim

This qualitative study aimed to gain insights from Australian consumers to inform the development of potential interventions to facilitate better portion control of discretionary foods.

Methods

Four focus group sessions were conducted online with Australian adults (aged 18–65). A semi‐structured question guide with proposed interventions in selected settings (cafes and supermarkets) was developed to moderate the discussion. Collected data were analysed using a combined approach; deductive thematic analysis was conducted using a predeveloped codebook, followed by inductive thematic analysis which was used to capture additional patterns raised from the data.

Results

A total of 35 participants completed the study (mean age 38, 19 females). Three major themes were identified; (1) portion control challenges posed by the food environment, (2) support for portion size interventions conditional upon consistent unit pricing, and (3) the trade‐off between smaller sizes, cost, and packaging waste. The current food environment was identified as promoting overconsumption, with larger serving sizes reported to be more ubiquitous and better value for money than smaller sizes. Participants mostly supported interventions that improve portion control of discretionary foods by providing a wider range of serving size options that meet their personal preferences, with proportional pricing whilst simultaneously reducing default serving sizes. However, the increase in packaging waste as a result of the greater availability of smaller packages was noted as a concern.

Conclusions

Future research should focus on gathering more representative data from various population subgroups to inform public health recommendations aimed at improving discretionary food portion control.
Activity of Essential Oils From Pentanema indicum (L.) Y. Ling and Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H. Rob Against Three Mosquito Species
Authors: Ganesan Pathalam , Selvakumaran Jeyaraj , Ignacimuthu Savarimuthu , Aldahmash Badr , Rady Ahmed , Alzahrani Fares Ahmed , Almansour Mansour , Stalin Antony
Published: February 2025

Mosquitoes act as biological carriers spreading numerous vector borne diseases globally. The present research aimed to study the effect of essential oils (EOs) from Pentanema indicum (L.) Y. Ling and Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Concentrations of 3.125, 6.25, 12.5 25 and 50 ppm were tested for their mosquitocidal properties. The essential oil (EO) from P. indicum demonstrated promising ovicidal activity, achieving 100% efficacy against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus and 76% efficacy against An. stephensi at a concentration of 50 ppm within 24 h. Similarly, C. odorata exhibited significant activity at higher concentrations, with ovicidal rates of 72% for Ae. aegypti, 79% for An. stephensi and 64% for Cx. quinquefasciatus at 300 ppm after 72 h. In terms of larvicidal activity, P. indicum showed potent toxicity with LC50 values of 4.28 ppm for Ae. aegypti, 14.01 ppm for An. stephensi and 5.47 ppm for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Additionally, C. odorata exhibited considerable mosquito larvicidal activity at higher concentrations, with LC50 values of 95.28 ppm for Ae. aegypti, 98.95 ppm for An. stephensi and 89.05 ppm for Cx. quinquefasciatus after 24 h. However, no significant pupicidal activity was observed for both EOs. GC–MS analysis identified β‐Pinene (14.31%), D‐Limonene (13.48%) and Caryophyllene (25.48%) as the main components in P. indicum. The EO from C. odorata contained α‐Pinene (12.10%), Geijerene (11.62%) and Caryophyllene (10.64%) as the primary components; probably these compounds were responsible for the observed activities. Toxicity studies indicated that the EOs from both plants had no adverse effects on natural predators. The EOs were then formulated for field application and tested in a laboratory setting; they demonstrated promising mosquitocidal activity without harming natural predators. This study suggests that EOs from P. indicum and C. odorata offer an effective alternative to synthetic pesticides.
Genetic Diversity of Sand Fly (Phlebotomus papatasi) in Al‐Madinah Al‐Munawarah Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al‐Dakhil Abeer Ali , Mohamed Hiba Salaheldin
Published: February 2025

Sand flies called Phlebotomus papatasi are the primary vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis, which is an endemic disease in Al‐Madinah Al‐Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. The molecular characterization of sand fly species is a helpful tool because genetic variability and population structure within and between populations might influence vectoral capability, necessitating the assessment of management strategies to control the spread of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Therefore, in this study, the structure of the P. papatasi population in Al‐Madinah region was investigated. The samples of P. papatasi were collected from Al‐Madinah region, identified, and subjected to mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) gene sequencing (n = 45). Analysis of the sequences revealed 13 substitutions. There were 12 different haplotypes identified. Nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity were low estimated to be 0.0017 and 0.574, respectively. The neutrality indices determined using Tajima's D and Fu and Li's F* were all negative and statistically significant. This indicated that the population has an excess of singletons and low‐frequency variations. Network analysis showed one main haplotype and shared haplotypes at different nodes. According to this study, the P. papatasi population in the Al‐Madinah region is homogeneous. The knowledge obtained in this study contributes to a better understanding of the genetic geographic distribution of P. papatasi populations in relation to the location of Leishmania major foci, which could aid in the development of control strategies.
Oral administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus MP108 ameliorates hemolytic jaundice in rats
Authors: Wu Gaohong , Ai Qing , Shi Yuan
Published: February 2025

Accumulating evidence suggests that specific probiotic strains exert effects on hemolytic jaundice (HJ), and probiotic strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus exhibit potential beneficial effects against HJ. This study aimed to determine the effects of L. rhamnosus MP108 (MP108) on rats with acetylphenylhydrazine (APH)‐induced HJ. One week of oral MP108 administration (16 × 109 CFU/kg·day) significantly reversed the HJ‐induced body‐weight reduction and normalized serum levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion (O2−) in HJ rats. Furthermore, significant improvements were observed in the pathological changes of liver and intestinal tissues. 16S rRNA high‐throughput sequencing of fecal samples demonstrated that MP108 altered gut microbiota composition by increasing Lacticaseibacillus spp. abundance, which correlated with the serum levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, T‐SOD, GSH‐PX, H2O2, and O2−. In summary, these results provide evidence that MP108 has the potential to improve HJ symptoms by alleviating hepatic impairment, which is associated with changes in gut microbiota composition.

Practical Application

The study indicates that MP108 can modulate the gut microbiota, improve liver function, and thereby alleviate the symptoms of hemolytic jaundice (HJ). These findings suggest a promising therapeutic approach for HJ, offering potential benefits to patients with related conditions.
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) response to salinity and seed priming with NaCl
Authors: Damalas Christos A. , Koutroubas Spyridon D.
Published: February 2025

Laboratory and pot trials were conducted to study germination performance of rapeseed (Brassica napus L., genotype Excalibur) under NaCl salinity after seed priming with 20 mM NaCl for 24 h. In the laboratory trial, salinity levels of 80, 160, and 240 mM NaCl reduced the germination percentage by 14, 56, and 80 percentage points, respectively compared to the non‐saline control. NaCl priming lowered the detrimental effect of salt stress on germination by promoting germination from 81% to 85% under salinity of 80 mM, from 39% to 68% under salinity of 160 mM, and from 15% to 56% under salinity of 240 mM NaCl (maximum alleviation). Furthermore, NaCl priming increased the germination tolerance index and the vigour index of seedlings as compared with the control seeds. Relative water content of the leaves was decreased with increasing salinity, showing limited water availability and a loss of turgor in the leaves. NaCl priming reduced the decrease in relative water content under salinity. Concerning the pot trial, the salinity level of 240 mM NaCl reduced the dry weight of rapeseed seedlings by 80.9% in the non‐primed seeds and by 55.8% in the primed seeds. NaCl priming improved the mean productivity index by 1.26 times under salinity of 240 mM NaCl and the harmonic mean index by 1.98 times under salinity of 240 mM NaCl compared with non‐primed seeds. Salinity limited seed performance of rapeseed, whereas NaCl priming improved seed performance and early growth in saline environment. The priming method needs to be examined in a selection of relevant genotypes under a range of saline conditions.
Geospatial Determinants of Maternal Overweight, Gestational Diabetes and Large for Gestational Age Birthweight in Melbourne During and After COVID‐19 Lockdowns
Authors: Marzan Melvin B. , Rolnik Daniel L. , Jiang Jason , Said Joanne M. , Palmer Kirsten R. , Potenza Stephanie , Pritchard Natasha , Whitehead Clare L. , Sheehan Penelope M. , Ford Jolyon , Mol Ben W. , Walker Susan P. , Hui Lisa
Published: February 2025

Background

Research has linked postcode‐level sociodemographic, food and built environment factors to maternal and perinatal outcomes like overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and large for gestational age (LGA) birthweight. However, little is known about how these factors were influenced by the COVID‐19 pandemic. We examine how postcode‐level indicators and lockdown conditions are associated with the prevalence of maternal overweight, GDM and LGA.

Materials and Methods

We analysed birth records from 12 public maternity hospitals in Melbourne, integrating postcode‐level environmental indicators. Spatial regression models assessed associations between these indicators and maternal health outcomes, distinguishing between (a) the COVID‐19 lockdown and (b) post‐lockdown periods.

Results

We included 31 083 singleton birth records from 2020 to 2023 across 235 postcodes in Greater Melbourne. The prevalence of maternal overweight, GDM and LGA were 496, 178 and 103 per 1000 births, respectively. Maternal overweight was less prevalent in postcodes with higher median ages and socioeconomic scores, with disparities intensifying during lockdowns. GDM was more common in areas with younger, overseas‐born populations, while LGA correlated with higher median age and fewer overseas‐born residents. Notably, maternal overweight mediated the effect of socioeconomic status on GDM and LGA.

Conclusions

The prevalence of maternal overweight, GDM and LGA varies significantly across Melbourne, shaped by postcode‐level factors. The pandemic lockdown amplified existing health disparities. The food and built‐environment factors independently influence maternal and perinatal outcomes.
A Phenotypically Distinct Human Th2 Cell Subpopulation Is Associated With Development of Allergic Disorders in Infancy
Authors: Pizzarello Catherine R. , Jackson Courtney M. , Herman Katherine , Seppo Antti E. , Rebhahn Jonathan , Scherzi Tyler , Berin M. Cecilia , Looney R. John , Mosmann Tim R. , Järvinen Kirsi M.
Published: February 2025

Background

Little is known about the ontogeny of T cell immunity during infancy in farming and urban lifestyles due to the lack of immunophenotyping in such birth cohorts.

Methods

Two birth cohorts (farming and urban) at differing risks and rates of allergic diseases were compared. Blood mononuclear cells were collected from infants at birth, and 6 and 12 months of age. Full spectrum flow cytometry, followed by traditional gating and the Scalable Weighted Iterative Flow‐clustering Technique (SWIFT) high‐dimensional analysis, were used to identify cell populations that differed between farming and urban infants. Additionally, single‐cell RNAseq and multiplex cytokine assays were used to assess the function of cell populations of interest.

Results

Several regulatory T cell (Treg) subpopulations were elevated in farming lifestyles and in non‐atopic infants. A unique effector memory CD25+CD127+CD161−CD49d+CCR4+CRTH2+ Th2 population was elevated at 6 months in urban infants and in those who developed atopic dermatitis and/or food allergy and allergic sensitization. Although this population shared Th2 and IL‐9 skewing with Th2A cells, the population uniquely failed to express CD161, produced more IL‐2 and TNF‐α, and upregulated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), FOXP3 and the cytokine inducible SH2‐containing protein gene (CISH) relative to Th2A cells. This population has been termed Th2B cells.

Conclusion

We describe a unique effector memory Th2 population elevated in urban high‐risk infants, potentially implicated in the development of allergic disease.
Motile cilia: Key developmental and functional roles in reproductive systems
Authors: Yang Shiyu , Wang Xiaoli , Gao Huihui , Yuan Shuiqiao
Published: February 2025

Background

Cilia are specialized microtubule‐based organelles that extend from the cell surface and are classified into non‐motile and motile types. The assembly and function of cilia are regulated by a complex molecular network that enables motile cilia to generate fluid flow across epithelial surfaces through coordinated beating. These motile cilia are found in the respiratory, nervous, and reproductive systems. In males, motile cilia are found in the efferent ducts and facilitate the transport of sperm from the testis to the epididymis. In females, they are mainly found in the oviducts, where they help to transport, nourish and fertilize eggs, and are also present in the endometrial epithelium.

Material‐Methods

This review compares the common factors that affect motile cilia in both male and female reproductive tracts, discusses the origin and development of multiciliated cell and cilia within the efferent ducts and oviducts, and enumerates the infertility or related reproductive diseases that may arise due to motile cilia defects.

Results‐Discussion

In males, motile cilia in the efferent ducts create turbulence through their beating, which keeps semen suspended and prevents ductal obstruction. In females, motile cilia are distributed on the epithelia of the oviducts and the endometrium. Specifically, motile cilia in the infundibulum of the oviduct aid in capturing oocytes, while cilia in the isthmus region have been found to bind to sperm heads, facilitating the formation of the sperm reservoir. Several common factors, such as miR‐34b/c and miR‐449, TAp73, Gemc1, and estrogen, etc., have been shown to play crucial regulatory roles in motile cilia within the efferent ducts and oviducts, thereby further influencing fertility outcomes.

Conclusions

Pathogenic mutations that disrupt ciliary function can impair ciliogenesis or alter the structure of sperm flagella, potentially resulting in infertility. Consequently, motile cilia in both the male and female reproductive tracts are crucial for fertility. There are still numerous unresolved mysteries surrounding these cilia that merit further investigation by researchers, as they hold great significance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of infertility and related reproductive disorders.
Locked down: Orthopaedic surgery in a regional health service during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Page Thomas , Rogers Margaret , Eng Kevin , Porter Kirsten , Gill Stephen D. , Page Richard S.
Published: February 2025

Background

COVID‐19 affected access to healthcare. Victoria, Australia was heavily affected. Hospitals deferred non‐urgent operations and preserved health resources to manage people with COVID‐19. Elective orthopaedic surgery was directly impacted. This study investigated changes to orthopaedic procedures and the elective surgery waitlist during the COVID‐19 at a large regional health service in Victoria.

Methods

Data were acquired from University Hospital Geelong, a publicly funded regional health service in Victoria, Australia. Orthopaedic surgeries and waitlist numbers were collated for financial years ending (FYE) 2020–2023. Procedures were displayed as total, planned and unplanned (i.e., trauma).

Results

From FYE 2020 to 2023 there was 8244 orthopaedic surgery cases with 8850 procedures. Planned joint replacements of knee, hip and shoulder decreased collectively by 19% in FYE 2022 and increased by 66% in FYE 2023. Waiting lists rose from 247 in FYE 2020 and peaked at 786 in FYE 2022, before falling to 390 in FYE 2023. The number of fractured neck of femur procedures were consistent each year (average 152/year), while ankle and wrist fractures declined by 55% and 43% during FYE 2022 and increased in FYE 2023 by 106% and 159% respectively.

Conclusion

Changes to planned orthopaedic procedures and waitlists in a regional centre were evident throughout the pandemic. These results can help to inform strategies to optimize the provision of orthopaedic surgery during future major disruptive events.