bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feto-maternal outcome in human immunodeficiency virus seropositive mothers in co-relation with CD4 count
Authors: Trivedi Swati , Nagar Oby , Rastogi Prasoon , Bhardwaj Manish
Published: February 2020

Background: To study the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on pregnancy outcomes and new born as mother to child transmission of HIV is a major route on new infections in children and compare it with HIV uninfected pregnancies.Methods: Prospective comparative study conducted on 40 HIV seropositive and 40 HIV seronegative pregnant women attending ANC and delivering in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, S. M. S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.Results: CD4 count had no effect on birth weight of baby or term of delivery. HIV seropositive pregnancies were more prone to IUD, still birth and preterm birth (p=0.029). Mother to child transmission was 2.7%.Conclusions: HIV infection increases the risk of adverse foetal outcome in terms of intrauterine demise, still birth and preterm labour.
Computed tomography features of benign adnexal mass lesions
Authors: Khalda Ezzat , Mandal Ashok Kumar , Rahman Hafizur
Published: February 2020

Background: Adnexal masses originating from gynaecologic and nongynecologic sources may be benign or malignant. The objective of this study was to describe multi-detector computed tomography features of benign adnexal masses for diagnostic accuracy and disease understanding.Methods: Study retrospectively evaluates the multidetector computed tomography features of benign adnexal mass lesions, which were referred for MDCT examination with a primary diagnosis of adnexal masses on clinical or USG. Patients who underwent MDCT and subsequently underwent surgery and proved to benign adnexal mass lesion on histopathological examination were included in this study.Results: Forty five percent benign adnexal mass were in the age group of 36-50 years followed by 32.7% in the age group of 21-35 years. Common presenting symptoms of benign adnexal masses were pain abdomen or pelvic pain (65.5%) followed by mass abdomen (42%) while in one fourth of the patients it was asymptomatic and detected as incidental finding. Pathologic diagnosis of most common benign adnexal mass detected were serous cyst adenoma (54.5%), followed by mature cystic teratoma (18.2%), mucinous cyst adenoma (14.5%) and par ovarian cyst (9.1%). Benign ovarian mass had a characteristic CT appearance of cystic lesion (83.6%), unilocular (65.5%) with regular/well defined and thin wall (83.6%) with occasional septations (21.8%) and papillary projections (14.5%). Ascitis (5.5%) was an uncommon finding of a benign adnexal mass lesion. Computed tomography was most accurate to characterize mature cystic teratoma with a typical cystic lesion having fat deposition and calcifications.  Serous cyst adenoma had a CT appearance of thin walled cyst mass with no septations or solid component. Mucinous cyst adenoma ovary had a characteristic multilocular cystic lesion with different fluid attenuation and thin septations.  Endometrioma had a variable CT appearance with uni or multilocular cystic lesion and hyperdense lesion with focal calcifications.Conclusions: Multi detector computed tomography may provide accurate and valuable diagnostic information about benign nature of an adnexal mass lesion.
Utility of paperless partogram in labor management
Authors: Tarannum Nazli , Akhtar Nishat
Published: February 2020

Background: Partograph use in labor has revolutionized the obstetric care. WHO recommends universal use of WHO modified partograph, which in clinical setup is less often used. Debdas (2006) proposed the paperless partogram which is designed for use by clinician/nurses/midwives as it is very simple and low skill method. The present study is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of paperless partogram as a bedside tool and its comparison with WHO modified partograph.Methods: It was a prospective analytical study done in department of obstetrics and gynecology, JNMCH, AMU, Aligarh from September 2017 to July 2019 and included 400 pregnant women at term, divided into 2 groups of 100 each Group A (paperless partogram) and Group B (WHO modified partograph) and their labor events were followed.Results: Out of 200 women that were included in each group, maximum women were multigravida, 58.5% in group A and 61.5% women in Group B. Mean age in Group A was 24.68±3.8years and Group B was 24.93±3.75 years. The mean duration of labor in Group A was 3.57±2.20 hours and Group B was 3.40±2.03 hours. There were 87.5% of women who delivered before alert ETD, likewise in Group B; women who delivered before alert line are 88.5%. These differences were statically not significant. Perinatal outcome was also similar in both groups.Conclusions: In our study, the paperless study was found to be as efficient as WHO modified partograph for management of labor. The mean delivery time was 3.57 hours similar to WHO partograph of difference between alert and action line. Thus, for resource poor setting like India with overburdened population paperless partogram can be used as an alternative to WHO modified partograph which is complex and time consuming.
The predictive role of color doppler sonography in evaluating hypoxia and acidosis in intrauterine growth restriction fetuses: correlation with arterial blood gas analysis
Authors: Kaur Triptpal , Bhatt Reema Kumar
Published: February 2020

Background: Doppler is an ultrasound technique allowing non-invasive measurement of artery blood flow velocities. Objective of this study was to evaluate the role of umbilical artery (UA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler study in predicting fetal hypoxia and acidosis in IUGR fetus and a population subjected to hematologic fluctuations.Methods: In this study 100 subjects with IUGR fetuses was evaluated for comparison of Doppler sonography analysis of fetal middle cerebral arteries and umbilical arteries and cord blood samples (pCO2, pO2) that was collected at the time of delivery.Results: Among the 100 subjects (between 28-32 gestational week) of IUGR showed a high risk of hypoxia and acidosis type condition. The observations were recorded in terms of MCA/UA ratio, the abnormal MCA/UA ratio was observed in significant (p<0.05) number of patients growth restricted fetuses (n=96), as compared to normal. There is a direct correlation found in the pH and pCO2 values. The results of arterial blood gases with respect to pH were found to be less than 7.3±1.6 in 96 subjects with abnormal MCA/UA ratio as compared to normal, that relates to the increase in the relative pCO2 (61.66%) [Acid increase] and decrease in pO2 arterial gases (Hpoxia increase).Conclusions: The study provides an insight that shows IUGR fetuses have a relatively higher risk of hypoxia (less oxygen) and acidosis (low pH and high pCO2), showed the most important determinants variations.
A study of feto-maternal outcome in bleeding per vaginum in first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Bhatu Jaydeep J. , Prajapati Darshil S.
Published: February 2020

Background: Bleeding per vaginum in the first trimester is a common obstetric entity. Four major causes of pathological bleeding in 1st trimester are miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, implantation bleeding of pregnancy and cervical pathology. The purpose of this study was to investigate and understand the effect of first trimester vaginal bleeding on maternal and perinatal outcomes in the local population to which our hospital serves. Objective of this study was to estimate the degree of association between first-trimester bleeding and miscarriage, pregnancy outcomes in women with threatened abortion, various maternal complications and outcome of labor in pregnancy complicated by first-trimester bleeding and adverse fetal outcomes affected with first trimester bleeding.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out on 110 women attending hospital with history of first trimester vaginal bleeding at a tertiary health center - sola civil hospital Ahmedabad for a period of twelve months.Results: Majority (69%) of first trimester bleeding occurs in age group of 21-30 years and majority of patients were primigravida constituting 53% out of 110 patients, 48 patients presented with abortions, out of which 26 had threatened abortion and 22 had other abortions. Primi para with previous history of bleeding per vaginum had more chances to go in full term in present pregnancy.Conclusions: Patients presenting with heavy bleeding per vaginum ended up in pregnancy loss and thus a poor outcome. In the presence of sub-chorionic hematoma, the prognosis of pregnancy is greatly affected as the risk of pre-term, IUGR and especially miscarriages increase significantly.
A randomized controlled trial to study the efficacy of intravaginal hormonal ring for control of heavy menstrual bleeding as compared to combined oral contraceptive pills
Authors: Saha Tarnima , Bharadwaj Meenakshi K. , Vardhan Shakti
Published: February 2020

Background: Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is one of the commonest presenting complaints in reproductive age group. Although combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are commonly used in such patients, combined hormones by intravaginal route has been found acceptable and effective. Aim of the study is to compare the efficacy and side effects of combined intravaginal hormonal ring (IHR) with COCs in control of HMB in these patients.Methods: Hundred women with HMB fulfilling inclusion criteria were randomized into two equal groups and treated with either IHR or COCs for three cycles. Each cycle consisted of three weeks of IHR/COC use followed by 1-week ring-free/non-hormonal pills period. Outcome measures were change in PBAC score (pictorial blood loss assessment chart), hemoglobin rise, side effects and overall patient satisfaction.Results: The percentage reduction in PBAC score, the duration of menses and increase in hemoglobin levels were statistically significant at the end of study in each group. The PBAC score reduction was 87.37% vs 61.52%, menses duration was 4.24±0.74 versus 5.16±1.67, and hemoglobin increase was 3.16 (95% CI:0.142-1.412) and 1.24 (95% CI:1.048-1.640) in the IHR versus COC group. However, the intergroup reduction of mean PBAC score was not statistically significant. Significantly more ring users were satisfied and elected to continue with treatment.Conclusions: Both the IHR and COCs are effective treatments for HMB in reproductive age group. IHR may be an attractive option for HMB due to better compliance and lesser systemic side-effects.
A rare case of perineal endometriosis with anal sphincter involvement
Authors: Priyanka Bhadana , Kiran Abha , Malla Veena Ganju
Published: February 2020

Perineal endometriosis is a rare entity which can be explained by direct implantation of endometriotic cells over the fresh episiotomy wound and subsequent development of scar endometriosis. Perineal scar endometriosis incidence is reported to be 0.3% to 1%. 28 years old, P1L1, presented with pain and swelling near episiotomy site which is associated with menstruation. Examination during menstruation revealed swelling was tender, erythematous and slightly increased in size. Clinical diagnosis of scar endometriosis was made after clinical examination. Mass excised and sent for histopathological examination. Although diagnosis essentially remains clinical, preoperative evaluation with perineal ultrasound and MRI was performed. Wide local excision remains treatment of choice and follow up for recurrence is recommended. Histopathological examination is obligatory to exclude rare possibility of malignant changes.
OHVIRA syndrome with Orofacial clefts: a rare association
Authors: . Sambedna , Kumar Amit , Agarwal Mukta , Agrawal Nimisha , Sinha Sudwita
Published: February 2020

Obstucted hemivagina with ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome or Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (HWW) is a rare congenital anomaly consist of uterus didelphys, obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. We are reporting an adolescent girl with orofacial defect who presented with lower abdominal pain. She attained menarche 3 months earlier and had a regular menstrual cycle with cyclical abdominal pain. On abdominal examination a firm, mobile tender mass extending from left iliac fossa up to umbilicus (24 weeks size) was found.  Lower border of mass could not be approached. Further evaluation with ultrasound showed enlarged uterus with collection with internal echoes and non-visualization of the left kidney. CECT showed absent left kidney and didelphys uterus with large left hematocolpometra with left complex adenexal cyst. Patient was posted for hematocolpos drainage and vaginoplasty. An unusual presentation of regular menstruation and nonspecific abdominal pain delays the diagnosis, which can lead to severe complications such as endometriosis and infertility.
A study of clinicopathological features and outcomes of crescentic glomerulonephritis
Authors: P. Pavan Kumar , Ganesan Vasanth , Gurusamy Venu
Published: February 2020

Background: Crescentic Glomerulonephritis (CrGN) is characterized by rapidly progressive renal failure. Most of the literatures have defined >50% crescents in biopsy as CrGN. Only very few studies have included the presence of <50% crescents as CrGN.Methods: To assess the clinico-pathological features and outcome of CrGN with >10% crescents on renal biopsy and comparing them splitting our diagnosis into Immune Complex Mediated CrGN (ICCGN) and non-immune complex mediated CrGN (NICCGN) groups.Results: ICCGN was the commonest group. When compared to ICCGN group, NICCGN patients were older, anuric, had more glomerular necrosis and severe IFTA in biopsy at presentation, more became dialysis dependent at index visit discharge. When patients with >50% crescents in both the groups were compared similar results were seen except that infective complications and proliferative lesions were more in ICCGN. When patients with <50% crescents in both the groups were compared similar findings were seen except that no difference was seen in clinical features and dialysis dependency between them.Conclusions: Oliguria at presentation, Hb <9 g/dl, index visit eGFR<15 ml/min, crescents >60%, moderate to severe IFTA are the independent risk factors for dialysis dependency at index visit discharge.
Vascular access and its complications in patients with chronic kidney disease on haemodialysis: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Goplani Kamal , Shrimali Jigar , Prajapati Amitkumar , Desai Bhavin
Published: February 2020

Background: Inadequate vascular access in patients on haemodialysis is a major cause of hospitalization leading to life threatening complications. This study evaluated the types of vascular access, location and associated complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on haemodialysis.Methods: Patients with CKD stage V on haemodialysis were included in the study. The data was retrospectively collected including demographic details, comorbidities, serum creatinine, haemoglobin, type and site of access and associated complications.Results: A total of 82 patients with mean (SD) age of 56.6(13.9) years were included with 50 (60.9%) patients on arteriovenous fistula (AVF) access and remaining 32 (39.1%) on dual-lumen catheter (DLC). Hypertension (42.6%) was the most common comorbidity reported followed by diabetes (24.3%) and chronic glomerulonephritis (13.4%). In AVF access, 25 (50.0%) had wrist as site of access, 10 (20.0%) had forearm, 11(22.0%) had brachiocephalic and four (8.0%) brachiobasilic. Of 32 DLC access, 27(84.4%) had jugular vein and four (12.5%) femoral vein. One patient with AVF access reported venous hypertension; however, the complications reported in patients with DLC access were infection (n=6, 18.8%) and hematoma and venous hypertension (n=1, 3.7%, each).Conclusions: This study with limited sample size showed that the most common access site for AVF and DLC was wrist and jugular vein, respectively. Infection was the most common complication in patients with DLC. AVF is comparatively safe option for haemodialysis; however, DLC should be used only as a temporary option.
Thrombocytopenia due to monsoon related illness: as an underestimated cause of maternal mortality and morbidity
Authors: Kharat Pallavi Amol , Borkar Shital , Dalvi Naina
Published: February 2020

Background: Thrombocytopenia is a second leading cause of blood disorder in pregnancy after anaemia. It is defined as platelet count below 1,50,000/ul. It is a common condition occurring in approximately 7-10% of pregnancies. Gestational thrombocytopenia is physiological and occurs in 70-80% of population having platelet count of 1,30,000/ul-1,50,000/ul with no adverse consequences. Other causes of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy could be immune related like immune thrombocytopenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenia or pregnancy related disorders like hypertensive disorders, eclampsia, HELLP and fatty liver of pregnancy. Besides this, pregnant ladies can have thrombocytopenia associated with fever which is commonly observed in monsoon season. It could be because of various causes like dengue, malaria, leptospirosis or other viral infections. Thrombocytopenia carries a risk of haemorrhage for both mother as well as newborn. It carries a risk of vertical transmission leading to premature birth, neonatal thrombocytopenia, intracranial haemorrhage and foetal death. There is relatively less information regarding importance of diversity of infectious diseases on pregnancy outcome.Methods: 14 pregnant patients were studied on the basis of their history of fever, platelet count below 1,50,000/ul and any  history of haemorrhage or petechie during monsoon period from June to September 2019 admitted in gynaecological ward in HBTMC and Dr. R. N. Cooper Hospital, Mumbai. All patients were subjected to fever profile, repeated haemogram for platelet trend and medical reference was done.Results: Out of 14 patients, 9 patients had negative fever profile, 2 were dengue positive, 2 were widal positive and one was leptospira positive patient. All patients had platelet count less than 1,50,000/ul out of which 3 patients received platelet transfusion..Conclusions: Monsoon fever with thrombocytopenia requires early diagnosis and optimal treatment to reduce maternal mortality and to avoid adverse fetal outcome. There is a strong need to create awareness amongst the community.
Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in rural community of Barabanki
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Mishra Sandhya , Shrivastava Ankur , Zaidi S. H. N.
Published: February 2020

Background: Hypertension is one of the most important non-communicable diseases. Although high blood pressure is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the prevalence of hypertension still remains unclear for most populations. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in rural area of Faizabad and to identify the associated risk factors for hypertension.Methods: This community-based cross sectional study was carried out among 300 adults from a randomly selected village in rural health training centre, Safdarganj who were aged 18 years and above over a period of 3 months from March 2019 to May 2019. Participants were interviewed and examined for the assessment of socio-demographic detail, behavioral and lifestyle risk factors of hypertension. Template generated in MS excel sheet and analysis was done on SPSS software.Results: Among 300 study participants, 45.3% were male and 54.7% were female. The prevalence of hypertension was observed to be 10.33%. It was found to be more common in females. Prevalence increased as the age increased. The prevalence of hypertension was high among obese and those consuming more than 2 spoons of salt every day.Conclusions: Prevalence of hypertension is different in different parts of the country. Higher age, male sex, tobacco use, obesity, less physical activity and high salt intake are significantly associated with hypertension.
Epidemiological determinants of road traffic accidents: a cross sectional study in Amravati, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Kizhatil Anuradha , Jawarkar A. K. , Lokare Pushpa , Deotale Manjusha
Published: February 2020

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) represents a major epidemic of non-communicable disease in the present century affecting families, community and nation as a whole. Objectives was to study the epidemiological determinants of RTAs.Methods: A hospital based study of RTA victims was conducted for a period of one year at the District General Hospital and Medical College hospital of Amravati, Maharashtra. A total of 1394 patients were studied. Descriptive statistics like percentage and proportions were calculated. Proportions were compared using Chi square test of significance.Results: 86.7% were males and the maximum affected age group was 21 to 30 years. Majority of accidents were seen in summer season and on Monday of the week. Accidents were highest from 12 noon to 6 pm. Alcohol consumption was seen in 27% of the drivers. Two-wheelers were the commonest vehicle involved in RTAs. A total of 481 (34.5%) victims had fractures at various sites of the body, out of this 52.8% was of lower limbs. Right sided bony injuries were more common.Conclusions: There are multiple factors associated with RTAs which due to the lack of road safety measures in the country are playing their role. It is the need of the hour to address this issue and formulate rules and regulations and evaluate its enforcement.
A study on traditional practice of head-shaving in newborn care among mothers in a tertiary care centre in Malda, West Bengal, India
Authors: Sahoo Sushama , Singh Arpita
Published: February 2020

Background: Newborn period is culturally and traditionally sensitive in every society. Different communities have different traditional practices when it comes to taking care of newborn. Head-shaving in newborn period is one such unique traditional practice existent among rural population of West Bengal. This study was conducted to explore the traditional practice of head-shaving and to highlight its related morbidities among newborns following head-shaving.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at triage of special newborn care unit of Malda Medical College and Hospital among 650 mothers who presented to us with their sick newborns following head-shaving. After obtaining informed consent, mothers were interviewed. The data were collected using pre-designed questionnaires. Statistical analyses of the data were done using SPSS version 21.Results: In the present study, majority (52.62%) of the mothers were within the age group of 18-21 years and 94.15% belonged to Muslim community. Neonatal head-shaving was usually done on 4th day of life (48.15%) and on 10th day of life (28.77%). Baby bath following head-shaving was given in 49.54% newborns using pond water and 77.70 % mothers used crude mustard oil for massaging following baby bath. Following head-shaving, 37.69% of newborns presented with poor feeding, 33.23% with abdominal distension and 61.23% presented with respiratory distress.Conclusions: Findings of present study highlights the harmful aspects of traditional practice of head-shaving among newborns in rural Bengal. This practice can be avoided by proper health education and counselling of the mothers and her associates involved in newborn care.
A study to assess the contraceptive use among married women of urban slums: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sangra Sonika , Choudhary Neha , Narangyal Akash
Published: February 2020

Background: Family planning services like use of modern contraceptives help the couples to delay pregnancy and avoid the unwanted pregnancies. So, understanding the choice of contraceptives for the underserved couples is a key for provision of family planning services. Objective was to assess the contraceptive use among married women of urban slums using semi-structured questionnaire.Methods: The present observational cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one month i.e. November 2019 in urban slums of Trikuta Nagar, which is a field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, GMC Jammu. Information was gathered from married females of reproductive age group. 50% of the population was selected randomly by lottery method i.e. 90 females. But at the time of study, only 85 married females could be interviewed.Results: The results show that the maximum females belonged to the 15-25 years age group followed by 26-30 years age group. More than 50% were literate, 42.35% had education upto primary level. More than 50% females were self-employed as they were labourers and rests were home-makers. The duration of marriage of most of the respondent women was 0-5 years and 44.70% of women had three living children. 65.88% women had one year gap between the first two pregnancies.Conclusions: The information, education and communication activities about the advantages of using contraceptives and its side-effects while using these contraceptives need to be increased so as to promote the awareness among females of the urban slums.
Breastfeeding practices and its determinants: a descriptive cross sectional study in Aligarh
Authors: Chauhan Ambren , Shah M. Salman , Khalique Najam , Eram Uzma , Nagesh Seetha Ramiah
Published: February 2020

Background: The study was aimed to study the practices related to breastfeeding among newborns in Aligarh and to assess the determinants of breastfeeding practices.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the field practice areas of Department of Community medicine, AMU, Aligarh. All the live births in one-year study duration were included in the study. Verbal consent was obtained prior to the interview. Data was collected by interview technique using semi structured questionnaire and analysed in SPSS 20.Results: A total of 705 newborns were enrolled in the study. 5.3% of the mothers in our study didn't breastfeed their newborns even after 24 hours after the delivery. 6% of the mothers discarded their colostrum and 36.9% of mothers gave prelacteals to their newborns. Almost half of the newborns were exclusively breastfed. There is a significant association between being primiparous and not practicing exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.003). However, no significant association was found between breastfeeding practices and gender, birth order of newborn, age and education of mother.Conclusions: Present study shows that 64.2% of newborns received the right breastfeeding practices which is quite good as per the national average. This study emphasizes the need to address the practices like discarding the colostrum and use of prelacteal feed which are still widely prevalent.
Infant and young child feeding practices among tribal mothers in Sambalpur district, Odisha, India
Authors: Sahu Samyak , Pradhan Subrat K. , Panda Sadhu C.
Published: February 2020

Background: Indicators of infant and young child and feeding (IYCF) practices have been devised by WHO in order to help objectively assess the prevalence of these practices in the population. IYCF practices play a vital role in the control of infant and child deaths. This study was undertaken to assess the IYCF practices among children aged less than 2 years among the tribal population. Objective of this study to measure the indicators of IYCF practices in children in the 0-23 months age group.Methods: It is a community based, cross sectional study of infant and young child feeding practices among tribal mothers having children younger than 24 months, in Sambalpur district of Odisha from October 2017 to December 2019. The study participants were tribal mothers having children less than 24 months of age. The sample size was 384.Results: Among the study participants, 93.5% belonged to the 21-30 years age bracket, 37.5% had middle school certificate education and 75.3% belonged to the upper lower socioeconomic class. The indicators were continued breastfeeding at 1 year (100%), continued breastfeeding at 2 years (100%) and children ever breastfed (100%), exclusive breastfeeding (98.71%) and bottle feeding (16.36%). A significant association was found between delivery by lower segment caesarean section and delayed initiation of breastfeeding.Conclusions: The indicators related to breastfeeding and complementary feeding were adequate except for minimum dietary diversity and minimum adequate diet.
Changing trend in prevalence of refractive errors: a hospital-based study
Authors: Rajput Vimal Krishna , Shetty Naren B.
Published: February 2020

Background: Refractive errors are the second most common reason of blindness in India after cataract. It accounts for 33.3% of cases of childhood blindness. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of refractive error and related visual impairment in children visiting a tertiary care eye center in Southern India.Methods: This was hospital-based descriptive study. Children <15 years of age with significant refractive error were included in the study. They were examined for visual acuity measurements, ocular motility evaluation, retinoscopy and autorefraction under cycloplegia, and examination of the anterior segment and fundus. Significant refractive error was defined as myopia ≥-0.75D, hypermetropia >+2D and astigmatism >0.75D. Descriptive statistics with frequency, mean±Standard deviation were computed for better and the worse eye. Statistical tests were applied between the worse and better eye using Chi square test.Results: A total of 946 children were screened. The mean age was 10.5±6.2 years (3-15 years) with 503 (53.2%) males and 443 (46.8%) females. With respect to vision in the worse eye; 54.01% (n=511) had moderately subnormal vision. One hundred and twenty- two children (23.4%) of <10 years, and 351 (67.4%) of ≥10 years group had myopia, with statistically significant difference (p<0.001). The reverse pattern was seen with respect to hypermetropia and astigmatism. Prevalence of amblyopia was found to be 8.6%.Conclusions: Though myopia is more prevalent among general population, prevalence of astigmatism is higher among children attending an eye hospital and uncorrected astigmatism is the most significant amblyogenic factor in refractive amblyopia.
Menstrual awareness, hygiene, practices and perceptions among the adolescent girls of Nahan, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kaur Maninder , Vats Tanya
Published: February 2020

Background: Onset of first menstrual cycle also termed as “menarche” signifies the initiation of sexual maturation of girls. The present study aims to represent an amalgam of menstrual awareness, perceptions and hygiene in light of the associated menstrual practices prevalent in the adolescence girls of Nahan.Methods: A cross-sectional data of 189 girls aged between 10 to 16 years were collected from Nahan, district Sirmaur in Himachal Pradesh. Data regarding perceptions, awareness and hygienic conditions during menstruation were also gathered through an interview based schedule.Results: Menarche was known to be a normal physiological process by only 53.43% girls, while the rest of the participants didn’t know the reason for its occurrence. For 81.2% girls the informant was their mother and a very little role was played by sisters (5.36%), books (0.67%), friends (6.04%) and relatives (5.36%). Most of the girls (95.28%) used sanitary napkin as absorbent for menstrual flow, but the use of single sanitary napkin for 7 to 8 hours by 48% participants was of alarming concern. Stomachache was the most common problem associated with menarche, whereas breast heaviness (16.98%), body ache (16.03%) and backache (26.41%) were witnessed in considerable proportion of girls. A significant number of girls (78.3%) were prohibited from entering in the holy places/temples during this period.Conclusions: Although menarcheal health is acquiring greater significance across the globe, but the age old social restrictive practices associated with menstruation are still common and prevalent in this societies.
Describing the perceptions of bioethics training requirements among young medical professionals: an observational studies
Authors: Sucharitha Sree T. , E. Suganya , Arumugam Balaji , R. C. Karthik , A. Radhakrishnan , V. Dhanuraja
Published: February 2020

Background: Medical Council of India emphasises the training on bioethics for medical graduates and included the same in medical curriculum reforms. However, the universal implementation of structured training in bioethics remains elusive due to many challenges. Hence the study was planned to describe the perception about the bioethics training needs among trainee interns and junior residents training at tertiary medical teaching hospitals across Tamil Nadu.Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted during September-December 2019.Google forms survey was designed, and link was disseminated using affinity groups and snowballing techniques through social media among current medical interns and junior resident doctors working at tertiary care teaching hospital settings across Tamil Nadu. Data was analyzed using MS Excel auto generated through google forms and descriptive statistics were performed.Results: Among 136 respondents of online survey from across 25 medical colleges in Tamil Nadu, 73 (57.5%) were females, 57 (42.2%) had training on bioethics and 31 (54.4%) during internship period. During these trainings, experts in bioethics scholarship conducted training for only 34% of participants. Self-reported inadequate levels of awareness on bioethics was seen in 20.6% subjects and 17.8% subjects professed awareness on Indian Council of Medical Research clinical research ethics guidelines. Combination of curriculum and self-directed learning was the favoured teaching-learning method.Conclusions: This study reveals major gaps in knowledge and attitudes of young medical professionals towards bioethics training and can be addressed through testing novel methods of training.
A study on awareness and prevention of dengue fever among outpatients attending a health centre in the rural area of Kancheepuram district
Authors: Johnpaul A. , Thoufiq A. Abdul Azeez , Umadevi R.
Published: February 2020

Background: Dengue fever has become one of the major public health problems in all developing countries. It is essential to create awareness among people as it can be prevented by simple practices. The study was conducted to find the awareness among the people thus determining the need to educate the people regarding the preventive measures of dengue fever.Methods: This was a cross-sectional community-based study conducted among the outpatients and their attenders visiting a Rural Health Training Center of private Medical College and Hospital, belonging to Alandur block in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu during January 2019 to March 2019. 260 subjects within the age group of 18 to 82 years were selected by convenient sampling method. The data was collected by interviewing and by using questionnaires. Analysis of the structured data was done using SPSS software version 16.Results: The study included 260 respondents who gave their consent for the study. 60.8% of the study group were males. Mean age of the study group was 35.36 years. 58.1% of the individuals were educated more that 10th standard. Knowledge about the mode of transmission was correctly stated by 85.8%. Around 15% were not aware of breeding places of mosquitoes.Conclusions: From this study it was evident that there is a definite gap in understanding the various aspects of dengue fever. Thus, we conclude that regular awareness programs should be conducted in the form of campaigns and house visits to create awareness among all individuals.
Adarsh primary health care yojana in Rajasthan
Authors: Chauhan Mamta
Published: February 2020

Primary health care (PHC) center is the first point of contact between community and the medical officer at village level. The PHCs have been envisaged to provide an integrated curative and preventive health care to the rural population with emphasis on preventive and promotive aspects of health care. The PHCs are established and maintained by the State Governments under the minimum needs programme or basic minimum services programme. At present, a PHC is manned by a medical officer supported by paramedical and other staff. It acts as a referral unit for 4 to 6 sub centres. It has 6 beds for patients. The activities of PHC involve curative, preventive, promotive and family welfare services. There are 2080 PHCs functioning as on March, 2018 in the Rajasthan.
PROPOSTA DE MELHORIA BASEADA NA METODOLOGIA DMAIC EM UMA UNIDADE DE PRONTO ATENDIMENTO DE SAÚDE
Authors: Chiroli Daiane , Luiz Luana , Donin Marcelo , Tybuszeusky Jean
Published: February 2020

Devido à crescente competitividade entre as empresas, as organizações têm novos desafios relacionados à disputa de mercado, sendo que esta situação não se limita apenas a organizações fabris, mas também abrange organizações prestadoras de serviço. Devido à disputa do mercado, as organizações têm se preocupado cada vez mais com a qualidade do serviço prestado e a satisfação do cliente, buscando oferecer aos clientes agilidade e qualidade na entrega do serviço. Com base nisso, o sistema Seis Sigma pode auxiliar a organização na redução da variabilidade, aumento na satisfação do cliente e na qualidade do serviço prestado. Diante deste cenário, o presente trabalho propõe a implementação parcial da metodologia DMAIC em uma unidade de saúde localizada na região dos Campos Gerais, no estado do Paraná. Posteriormente à coleta e análise dos dados, foi calculado o nível sigma do processo, resultando em um valor de 1,34. A partir deste índice, uma meta foi definida e consequentemente um plano de ação desenvolvido e apresentado como uma proposta de melhoria à direção do hospital, podendo ser aceito ou adaptado de acordo com as necessidades identificadas pela organização.
ESTUDO DE PLACAS CIMENTÍCIAS PARA USO EM HABITAÇÕES POPULARES: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Lana Pilz Thaisa , Ferreira Júlia Ribeirete de Souza , Negrão Janilce dos Santos Messias , Sotsek Nicolle Christine , Genaro Thalyta
Published: February 2020

Este trabalho trata do elemento de vedação de moradias populares aproveitando materiais recicláveis. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi desenvolver uma revisão sistemática a fim de identificar pesquisas de impacto para o entendimento da técnica e de aplicação dos painéis que utilizam materiais recicláveis em habitações. Dentro deste escopo se incluem a identificação dos materiais utilizados, os traços das misturas, os resultados de testes (resistência, absorção de água, etc.), tempo destinado a execução da pesquisa e se há ou não possibilidade ou utilizá-las futuramente em projetos de habitações populares. O foco do estudo é buscar artigos que possibilitem a produção artesanal, isto é, o propósito é que no futuro o próprio morador e os voluntários possam produzir o máximo possível da moradia com as próprias mãos. Foi realizada uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura nas bases de dados eletrônicas, buscando bibliografias tanto em inglês como em português, cobrindo os artigos, de revista e de congresso. Foi feita a seleção e análise dos trabalhos científicos e a extração de dados segundo a ferramenta 5W1H. Trata-se de um resumo da ideia geral dos artigos selecionados que apresentam grande relevância na pesquisa. Os resultados parecem válidos, chegou-se a traços promissores, entretanto são necessários novos estudos e prosseguimento com o desenvolvimento das placas.
PERCEPÇÃO DOS TRANSEUNTES COM RELAÇÃO À CAMINHABILIDADE NAS CALÇADAS DA ORLA DE ATALAIA EM ARACAJU-SE
Authors: Lemos Filippe Tavares , Corrêa Rúbia Oliveira , De Carvalho Gustavo Dambiski Gomes
Published: February 2020

O presente estudo objetivou analisar a caminhabilidade nas calçadas da orla de Atalaia, em Aracaju-SE. Pesquisa de natureza descritiva, e em relação aos procedimentos foi caracterizada como um levantamento (survey). Em sua abordagem, classificou-se como um estudo quantitativo. A amostra do trabalho foi composta por 140 indivíduos que se faziam presentes na orla de Atalaia, sendo classificada como não probabilística por acessibilidade. O questionário foi definido como o instrumento de coleta de dados. Esse foi formado por treze perguntas fechadas, as quais foram avaliadas com o auxílio da escala Likert de sete pontos. A análise dos dados revelou que, dentre os fatores pesquisados, a infraestrutura das calçadas da orla de Atalaia destacou-se como o item de pior avaliação. A quantidade de rampas ao longo do trajeto também foi outro aspecto mal avaliado. No entanto, a caminhabilidade não foi dificultada pela largura das calçadas ou presença de obstáculos. A iluminação das calçadas da orla de Atalaia foi vista como satisfatória. Com relação ao aspecto conforto proporcionado pelo ato de caminhar nas referidas calçadas, os respondentes o destacaram de forma positiva. Em oposição a isso, a sensação de segurança foi avaliada de maneira negativa.
A COLIGAY E AS MEMÓRIAS DOS TORCEDORES DO GRÊMIO
Authors: Bandeira Gustavo Andrada , Seffner Fernando
Published: February 2020

Diferentes manifestações associadas ao futebol produzem representações de gênero e sexualidade dentro de uma lógica heteronormativa, machista e homofóbica. No Brasil, as manifestações verbais realizadas pelos torcedores nos estádios passaram a ser colocadas em questão. Em 2016, a FIFA impôs sanções pecuniárias à CBF pelo comportamento dos torcedores durante jogos das eliminatórias para a Copa do Mundo de 2018. No Grêmio podemos entender que vivemos certa “ressurreição” da Coligay, torcida homossexual do clube entre o final da década de 1970 e início de 1980. Não chegamos a vislumbrar a hipótese de seu retorno à Arena neste momento, entretanto um livro e um curta metragem já foram produzidos sobre ela e o clube “oficializou” sua existência em seu novo museu inaugurado no início de 2016. Através de diálogos com pequenos grupos de torcedores no estádio, no dia dos jogos, buscamos saber como estes indivíduos percebem, enquanto sujeitos torcedores, esse ressurgimento da Coligay. Os embates do presente produzem ressignificações acerca do passado das torcidas e da história dos clubes, em particular acionando os marcadores gênero e sexualidade.
EDUCAÇÃO SEXUAL PARA ALUNOS/AS COM DEFICIÊNCIA EM PORTUGAL: INDÍCIOS DE UMA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE PRECÁRIA
Authors: Bortolozzi Maia Ana Claudia , Carvalho Leilane Raquel Spadotto de , Vilaça Teresa
Published: February 2020

Educação Sexual nas escolas é lei em Portugal, mas as especificidades dos (as) alunos (as) com deficiências são, poucas vezes, consideradas nas propostas educativas. Este estudo qualitativo descritivo teve por objetivo investigar as opiniões, sentimentos e ações sobre a Educação Sexual para alunos (as) com deficiência, de dez professores portugueses, sendo 7 mulheres e 3 homens, atuantes do 3º ciclo escolar (7º ao 9º ano de escolaridade). Os (as) professores (as) participaram de uma entrevista, gravada e transcrita na íntegra, para análise de conteúdo, evidenciando as dificuldades na formação, a partir das categorias que desvelam que os (as) professores (as): (a) não compreendem a Educação Sexual nas suas salas de aula como parte de um trabalho pedagógico de toda a escola; (b) têm receio dos familiares dos (as) alunos (as) e desconhecem as condições e recursos necessários às especificidades de seus (as) alunos (as) com deficiências e (c) reconhecem a necessidade de cursos na formação inicial e continuada sobre sexualidade, principalmente para alunos (as) com deficiência. Conclui-se que é fundamental garantir a formação docente na área da sexualidade e educação para o público da educação especial, para garantir a eficácia da lei em Educação Sexual nas escolas inclusivas de Portugal.
Micro- and nanoscale characterization of different natural biomaterials for ocular surface regeneration
Authors: DERELİ CAN Gamze , TEVLEK Atakan , CAN Mehmet Erol , ÖNCÜ Elif , AYDIN Halil Murat , CAGİL Nurullah
Published: February 2020

Objectives: This study aims to characterize the widely used biological derived membranes in clinics in terms of micro-nano scale mechanical and morphological properties. Within this scope, advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), leucocyte-and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and human amniotic membrane were studied in this research study. Methods: Nano-indentation, optical coherence tomography (OCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in vitro degradation test were performed for material characterization. Results: The nano-indentation test revealed significantly higher modulus of elasticity and hardness values in A-PRF group, while OCT presented significantly higher thickness measurements when compared L-PRF. A loose 3D architecture formation due to the large pores formed by means of large fiber diameter were observed in A-PRF group. Besides, platelets were observed among the large fibers in A-PRF membranes on the contrary of L-PRF membranes. Low fiber diameter and high cellular separation were recorded in L-PRF group due to the high centrifugal force application. Therefore, it was observed that the platelets were located mostly on the surface of the membranes in L-PRF. The loose 3D architecture of A-PRF membranes is thought to release growth factors for a longer period of time, ensuring cellular integrity. On the other hand, degradation test results indicated that amniotic membranes degrade to about 85% in one week, while L-PRF and A-PRF were lost their initial weights approximately 31% and 40%, respectively. Conclusions: This comparative characterization study of three different natural biomaterials used in a wide range of clinical applications, from dentistry to ophthalmology, was thought to guide surgeons on the selection of site-specific material.
Actions Against the Lack of Highly Skilled Workers in the Regions of Upper Austria
Authors: Überwimmer Margareth , Hurch Denise , Feichtinger Georg
Published: February 2020

Globalization, rapid technological changes and labor market developments cause that companies require different skilled employees on a continuous basis. This leads to a shortage in skilled workers in Upper Austria. In order to overcome this issue Upper Austrian regions try to attract skilled workers from abroad or people who left the region and moved to another place in Austria. In order to foster this movement Austria introduced the Red-White-Red Card in 2011, which eases the access to the labor market for skilled workers from the non-EEA (European Economic Area). An empirical study conducted in 2016 and 2017 should support the companies in evaluating their level of attractiveness from the point of view of immigrants and remigrants and should give them advice on how to increase this level. The study is made up of an online questionnaire consisting of nine dimensions, which are called welcome_here, _administration, _job, _housing, _family, _education, _leisure time, _health and _infrastructure. In every dimension challenges for the companies, needs of the employees and possible actions and solutions taken are being evaluated. The questionnaire consists of a mix of closed, multiple choice and open questions. In 2016 and 2017 in total 41 companies and 39 municipalities filled in the questionnaire. This report deals with the results of the interviews conducted with the companies. In general, companies evaluated their level of competence higher than the need for action in each of the nine dimensions, except in welcome_infrastructure. The biggest challenges for immigrating skilled workers are mainly language barriers, integration and settlement of the family/partner. From the company side it becomes visible that employers do not perceive themselves responsible for some dimensions dealing with leisure time or the family.
Role of Remittances in Fighting Poverty
Authors: Nova Monika
Published: February 2020

The paper addresses the subject of remittances globally, but also regionally. Undertaking research, the author tried to map the flows of remittances to the African country of Uganda. The empirical part of the work employed the quantitative method and the technique of questionnaires. Considering results and comparing them with those of other relevant researches, the author attaches importance to the impact that remittances have on the receiver families. The remittances, their roles and consequences, are thus tackled in view of the research results.