bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Consumer Perception Toward Usage of Music Apps During COVID-19: A Study in West Bengal State
Authors: Mitra Samuel S. , Arockiam A. Peter , Joseph K. , Costa Milton , Sharma Payal
Published: March 2022

The astounding proliferation of mobile internet and technological innovations is one of the revelations of the 21st-century modern world. Electronic gadgets such as smartphones and tablets possess bewildering and alluring features which when blended with internet gives the modus vivendi of the consumers a completely different meaning. It has been observed that consumers have shown a strong penchant toward such technological vantages and innovative gadgets. In this context, the rise in the usage of music apps has been driven largely by the skyrocketing in the production and use of smartphones, coupled with the landscape of fast-paced internet. There are large number of consumers who have been adopting and using music apps, especially during the boring and monotonous period of COVID-19. The current research study is attempted at examining and analyzing the attitudes and behavior of the consumers toward the use of such music apps. For this purpose, a survey has been conducted in selected districts of West Bengal on the basis of “technology acceptance model”. The results reveal that consumers of West Bengal have positive perception toward music apps.
A Historical Intervention in the “Opportunity Wars”: Forgotten Scholarship, the Discovery/Creation Disruption, and Moving Forward by Looking Backward
Authors: Ramoglou Stratos , Gartner William B.
Published: March 2022

There are two battles at the heart of the “opportunity wars”: (1) Are opportunities discovered or created, and (2) Should we perhaps abandon the opportunity concept altogether? We argue that the first question is a pseudo-question, made possible by the loose use of “opportunity” in the discovery/creation debate during the last two decades. However, we refrain from going so far as to conclude that the opportunity concept should be abandoned altogether, since we observe that strategy and entrepreneurship scholarship prior to the 2000s made a more meaningful use of the concept. It alluded to the environmental conditions necessary for the actualization of desirable futures and hardly ever questioned the agent-independence of such conditions. Accordingly, we maintain that the opportunity concept should simply exit the blind alley created by the “discovery/creation” distraction and help reorient attention toward the agent-independent sources of opportunity and threat—beyond unrealistically optimistic views of entrepreneurship as an act of “opportunity discovery” and/or “opportunity creation.”
John Locke: The “Jocose Problem” and the Theoretical Foundation of Toleration
Authors: Major Rafael
Published: March 2022

Two years after the publication of Locke’s An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, he sought advice from his Irish friend, William Molyneux, concerning improvements for the second edition. This discussion resulted in the most substantial alterations of the Essay. Among these changes, Molyneux proposed a “Jocose Problem”—a 17th Century “brain-teaser”—concerning the ability of a formerly blind person to recognize the simple difference between the appearance of a cube and a sphere. Molyneux’s jocose riddle eventually awakened “the greatest philosophic interest” and became the “common center” of attention for 18th Century thinkers like Berkeley, Voltaire, and Diderot (Cassirer 1951, 108-9). The following is meant to reintroduce Molyneux’s Problem by suggesting its origin in the thought of Thomas Hobbes and its bearing on the role of religion in public life. After examining Molyneux’s Problem and its importance for understanding the Essay, I conclude with a brief comparison to Locke’s Letter Concerning Toleration in order to stress its bearing on theoretical and practical considerations for a wide range of political scientists.
Acinar Cystic Transformation of the Pancreas: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Büyük Melek , Gündüz Mehmet , Berker Neslihan , Serin Kürşat , Çetin Sırma , Özdemir Hafize , Acunaş Bülent , Güllüoğlu Mine
Published: March 2022

Acinar cystic transformation (ACT) of the pancreas is a rare non-neoplastic cystic lesion. It is most frequently observed in the head of the pancreas. Despite advances in radiologic imaging methods, preoperative diagnosis of acinar cystic transformation is difficult, it is often confused with other cystic lesions. Here, we report three cases of acinar cystic transformation, one of which showed diffuse involvement of the pancreas, and the remaining two were multilocular localized cystic lesions. We analyzed their histomorphologic and immunohistochemical features. The patients’ ages ranged between 15 and 43 years and the ratio of females to males was 2:1. On microscopic examination, the cysts were lined by a single layer of flattened-cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells. The epithelial cells were diffusely positive with trypsin and keratin 7, but patchy with keratin 19. Due to its rarity and lack of radiologic and clinical awareness compared with other pancreatic cystic lesions, preoperative diagnosis of acinar cystic transformation is difficult and not definitive. All cases reported to date have been clinically benign and there is no evidence of recurrence or malignant transformation. The optimal treatment and whether to perform surgery remain controversial.
Introduction: Replication of Crises - Interdisciplinary Reflections on the Phenomenon of the Replication Crisis in Psychology
Authors: Malich Lisa , Munafò Marcus R.
Published: March 2022

The replication crisis has preoccupied psychology for over a decade and has led to many reform proposals. In this Special Issue, we argue that a reflexive discussion of both the replication crisis and possible reforms is crucial. With the plural ‘replication of crises’ in the title, we want to make clear that the current crisis is more than one. What is perceived as a crisis varies depending on the scientific field, theoretical background, and epistemological perspective. As a consequence, this Special Issue aims to promote both an intra-disciplinary dialogue between scientific and theoretical psychology, and an inter-disciplinary dialogue between psychology, the humanities and the social sciences. The individual contributions focus on three central questions: (1) What is specific about the replication crisis in psychology? (2) What are the connections between the replication crisis in psychology and that in other scientific fields? (3) What are possible underlying causes of the replication crisis in psychology, and what are the opportunities for improvement? Although each of the articles offers a unique and sometimes challenging perspective to understanding the replication crisis, they all share the assumption that we need to reflect in order to learn and improve.
Developmental Toxicity Interactions of Methanol and Radiofrequency Radiation or 2-Methoxyethanol in Rats
Authors: Nelson B. K. , Snyder D. L. , Shaw P. B.
Published: March 2022

This research was undertaken to determine potential interactions among chemical and physical agents. Radiofrequency (RF) radiation is used in numerous workplaces, and many workers are concurrently exposed to RF radiation and various chemicals. The developmental toxicity of RF radiation is associated with the degree and duration of hyperthermia induced by the exposure. Previous animal research indicates that hyperthermia induced by an elevation in ambient temperature can potentiate the toxicity and teratogenicity of some chemical agents. We previously demonstrated that combined exposure to RF radiation (10 MHz) and the industrial solvent, 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), enhanced teratogenicity in rats. Interactions were noted at even the lowest levels of 2ME tested, but only at hyperthermic levels of RF radiation. The purpose of the present research is to investigate if the interactive effects noted for RF radiation and 2ME are unique to these agents, or if similar interactions might be seen with other chemicals. Because methanol is widely used as a solvent as well as fuel additive, and, at high levels, is teratogenic in animals, we selected methanol as a chemical to address generalizability. Based on the literature and our pilot studies, 0, 2, or 3 g/kg methanol (twice, at 6-hour intervals) were administered on gestation day 9 or 13 to groups of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats. Dams treated on day 9 were given methanol and exposed to RF radiation sufficient to maintain colonic temperature at 41°C for 60 minutes (or sham). Those treated on day 13 were given methanol plus either 0 or 100 mg/kg 2ME. Because we observed that methanol produced hypothermia, some groups were given the initial dose of methanol concurrently with the RF or 2ME, and others were given the first dose of methanol 1.5 hours prior to RF or 2ME. Dams were sacrificed on gestation day 20, and the fetuses were examined for external malformations. The results indicate that RF radiation or methanol on day 9 increased the incidence of resorbed fetuses, but no interactive effects were observed. The resorptions were highest in groups given the experimental treatments 1.5 hours apart. The higher dose of methanol also reduced fetal weights. Administration of 2ME or methanol on day 13 increased the rate of malformations, and there was evidence of a positive interaction between 2ME and methanol. Fetal weights were reduced by 2ME and methanol alone, but no interaction was observed. Also, separation of the dosing with the teratogens did not affect the results. These results point out that interactions in developmental toxicology, such as those of RF radiation, 2ME, and methanol that we have studied, are complex, and such interactions cannot be fully understood or predicted without more research. It is important that combined exposure effects be considered when developing both physical agent and chemical agent exposure guidelines and intervention strategies.
To go or to let it go: A regulatory focus perspective on Bundle Consumption
Authors: Pandey Arpita , Tripathi Sanjeev
Published: March 2022

Despite the widespread reliance on service bundles across industries (examples include theater season-tickets, vacation packages, and annual sports passes), the impact of consumer-specific factors on the post-purchase consumptions of such bundles has received limited academic attention. Drawing on regulatory focus theory, we show that a consumer’s regulatory orientation influences the consumption of service bundles, and that the impacts are mediated by construal level. Using six studies (including a field study and a quasi-field experiment using Twitter data) we illustrate that prevention-focused individuals demonstrate concrete construal and are better able to resolve the ambiguity in allocating costs and benefits to individual bundle components, leading to higher consumption. By examining the role of a consumer’s regulatory orientation, our work advances the theoretical understanding of consumer behavior in response to the bundling of services. We make an important methodological contribution by demonstrating how text-mining can be innovatively utilized to analyze consumer posts on Twitter to infer regulatory focus and understand service bundle consumption. Our studies provide practical guidance to managers seeking to infer (using publicly available Twitter data and consumer-provided inputs during purchase) and prime (using advertisements and nudges) regulatory focus to understand/influence service consumption.
A Qualitative Analysis of the Impact of Electronic Health Records (EHR) on Healthcare Quality and Safety: Clinicians’ Lived Experiences
Authors: Upadhyay Soumya , Hu Han-fen
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

There have been mixed findings of clinicians’ perceptions of Electronic Health Record (EHR). This study aims to explore the lived experiences of clinicians, to assess the role of EHR in improving the quality and safety of healthcare.

Basic Procedures:

A qualitative study design was used. We collected the opinions from different groups of clinicians (physicians, hospitalists, nurse practitioners, nurses, and patient safety officers) using semi-structured interviews. Organizations represented were trauma hospitals, academic medical centers, medical clinics, home health centers, and small hospitals.

Main findings:

Our study found clinicians’ ambivalent assessments toward EHR, which confirms extant literature. We compared the responses by job roles and found that nurses were positive about improving efficiency with EHR while others regarded EHR as time-consuming. While many underscored the importance of EHR in avoiding medical errors by improving data accessibility, nurses had concerns regarding data accuracy. Interoperability appeared to be a concern given limited system integration.

Principal conclusions:

Lived experiences of clinicians further tease out the mixed views about the effectiveness of EHR and highlight the challenges in EHR implementation. Redesigning the EHR and improving its implementation process may be potential solutions to increase its effectiveness.
Combined effects of elastic deformation and piezo-viscous dependency on the performance of a journal bearing operating with a non-Newtonian fluid
Authors: Chetti Boualem , Hemis Mohamed , Tahar Othman , Smara Moussa
Published: March 2022

A theoretical study of the effects of elastic deformation and the variation of viscosity with pressure on the performance characteristics of a circular journal bearing lubricated with non-Newtonian fluids. The Barus law and the power law model are used to express the viscosity-pressure variation and the non-Newtonian behavior of fluids respectively. To determine the displacement field at the fluid film bearing liner interface, the elastic thin liner model is used. The modified Reynolds equation accounting the viscosity pressure dependency in the non-Newtonian fluids is mathematically derived and solved using finite difference method, to obtain the fluid film pressure field. The static performance characteristics for finite-width journal bearing are evaluated for various values of pressure-viscosity coefficient, the power law index n, and the elastic deformation coefficient. According to the results obtained, it is found that the hydrodynamic pressure and non-dimensional load-carrying capacity increase as the power law index and pressure-viscosity coefficient increases especially for rigid and heavily loaded bearing case. In addition, the combined effects of the elastic deformation and the viscosity pressure dependency are found to be more pronounced on the performance characteristics of a heavily loaded journal bearing operating with a shear-thickening fluid.
Pathways to cures for multiple sclerosis: A research roadmap
Authors: Bebo Bruce F , Allegretta Mark , Landsman Douglas , Zackowski Kathy M , Brabazon Fiona , Kostich Walter A , Coetzee Timothy , Ng Alexander Victor , Marrie Ruth Ann , Monk Kelly R , Bar-Or Amit , Whitacre Caroline C
Published: March 2022

Background:

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a growing global health challenge affecting nearly 3 million people. Progress has been made in the understanding and treatment of MS over the last several decades, but cures remain elusive. The National MS Society is focused on achieving cures for MS.

Objectives:

Cures for MS will be hastened by having a roadmap that describes knowledge gaps, milestones, and research priorities. In this report, we share the Pathways to Cures Research Roadmap and recommendations for strategies to accelerate the development of MS cures.

Methods:

The Roadmap was developed through engagement of scientific thought leaders and people affected by MS from North America and the United Kingdom. It also included the perspectives of over 300 people living with MS and was endorsed by many leading MS organizations.

Results:

The Roadmap consist of three distinct but overlapping cure pathways: (1) stopping the MS disease process, (2) restoring lost function by reversing damage and symptoms, and (3) ending MS through prevention. Better alignment and focus of global resources on high priority research questions are also recommended.

Conclusions:

We hope the Roadmap will inspire greater collaboration and alignment of global resources that accelerate scientific breakthroughs leading to cures for MS.
Psychometric properties of the parental reflective functioning questionnaire in Iranian mothers
Authors: Goudarzi Zahra , Seyed Mousavi Parisa Sadat , Vahidi Elahe , Rafie Marjan , Ghanbari Saeed
Published: March 2022

This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ) in mothers, a brief self-report measure that assesses parental mentalization capacity. To examine the factor structure and construct validity of the PRFQ, 430 mothers of 3–6-year-old children completed the Persian version of the PRFQ (Persian-PRFQ) along with the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the three-factor structure of the PRFQ. Convergent validity was confirmed for the three subscales of the PRFQ, while divergent validity was only confirmed for the PM and IC. Furthermore, the mean score of the certainty of mental states (CMS) in this sample was higher than in other studies, and contrary to the theoretical foundations, the CMS was positively related to interest and curiosity in mental states (IC). In conclusion, our results provided initial evidence for the use of the Persian-PRFQ in the Iranian population.
Increased prevalence and severity of psychiatric illness in hospitalized youth during COVID-19
Authors: Leith Thomas , Brieger Katharine , Malas Nasuh , McCaffery Harlan , Monroe Kimberly , Kullgren Kristin A , Rappaport Leah
Published: March 2022

Background and objectives

Previous studies have demonstrated an increase in mental health emergencies among youth seen in ambulatory and emergency room settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates rates of mental health-related consultation and markers of illness severity since the start of the pandemic.

Methods

We evaluated all pediatric patients admitted to a single children’s hospital from March 2019 to March 2021 who received psychiatry and/or psychology consults. We report the absolute number of these patients, as well as the proportion of all study site admissions who received such consults. Severity of psychiatric illness was described in terms of LOS, disposition, and use of restraints and psychotropic medications.

Results

The number and proportion of pediatric patients receiving psychiatry and/or psychology consults rose during the pandemic. Participants also became proportionally more female and older. The study population had higher odds of requiring restraints and antipsychotics during the pandemic.

Conclusions

More pediatric inpatients at the study site have required psychiatric care during the pandemic. The severity of mental illness in this population appears to have worsened based on increased utilization of as-needed psychotropic medications and restraints. These findings highlight the changes experienced by patients and providers during the pandemic and merit further study.
Violent re-presentations: Reflections on the ethics of re-presentation in violence research
Authors: Bringedal Houge Anette
Published: March 2022

How comfortable a read can research that has violence at its core become, before the distance created by language becomes an ethical—and analytical—challenge in its own right? In this article, I explore and reflect on ethical dilemmas of re-presenting violent experiences, following the traction of my research. The article addresses a challenge that scholars are faced with as we conduct, write up, and communicate research on issues to do with violence in general and atrocity crimes in particular. It seeks to stir inter-disciplinary scholarly self-reflection, and feed a discussion on researchers’ responsibilities for the stories we ask for, hear, read, analyze, and re-tell by addressing the ethics of re-presenting stories and the people they involve in our teaching and publications, particularly concerning mass violence and war crimes.
Hardin’s legacy as a need for a ‘commoning turn’ in planning
Authors: Seitanidis Sokratis , Gritzas Giorgos
Published: March 2022

Hardin’s legacy in planning is highly relevant to current concerns, as planners shape the management of resources in the face of climate change and urbanization. Through a broad literature review of planning articles citing Hardin’s ‘Tragedy of the Commons’ we find out that Hardin’s suggestions are rejected by planning theory, yet have been implemented in planning practice. However, the rejection of Hardin’s suggestions, has evolved in an ongoing and growing ‘commons trend’ in social science. We review the presence of this trend in contemporary planning literature. Our results call for a turn towards the commons in planning, that is, for a dialogue between planning and the heterogeneous ideas embedded within the commons trend – a necessary endeavour if we are to address several critical planning questions of today.
Design guidelines for narrative maps in sensemaking tasks
Authors: Keith Norambuena Brian Felipe , Mitra Tanushree , North Chris
Published: March 2022

Narrative sensemaking is a fundamental process to understand sequential information. Narrative maps are a visual representation framework that can aid analysts in their narrative sensemaking process. Narrative maps allow analysts to understand the big picture of a narrative, uncover new relationships between events, and model the connection between storylines. We seek to understand how analysts create and use narrative maps in order to obtain design guidelines for an interactive visualization tool for narrative maps that can aid analysts in narrative sensemaking. We perform two experiments with a data set of news articles. The insights extracted from our studies can be used to design narrative maps, extraction algorithms, and visual analytics tools to support the narrative sensemaking process. The contributions of this paper are three-fold: (1) an analysis of how analysts construct narrative maps; (2) a user evaluation of specific narrative map features; and (3) design guidelines for narrative maps. Our findings suggest ways for designing narrative maps and extraction algorithms, as well as providing insights toward useful interactions. We discuss these insights and design guidelines and reflect on the potential challenges involved. As key highlights, we find that narrative maps should avoid redundant connections that can be inferred by using the transitive property of event connections, reducing the overall complexity of the map. Moreover, narrative maps should use multiple types of cognitive connections between events such as topical and causal connections, as this emulates the strategies that analysts use in the narrative sensemaking process.
Behavioral Responses to Familiar Versus Unfamiliar Older People as a Source of Disgust
Authors: Cao Quan , Sun Jian , Peng Ming , Chen Bin-Bin
Published: March 2022

Disgust, as a part of the behavioral immune system, leads people to avoid behaviors of pathogens so as to reduce the probability of infection. Disgust also shows the source effects based on familiarity. However, these source effects have not been tested on the older population. Thus, we tested the source effects of emotional and behavioral reactions from the disgust toward older adults and the possible moderating effects of filial piety on disgust. In the first study, we employed the self-report method to test the source effects of emotional feelings of disgust amongst undergraduates. In the second study, we measured whether filial piety among community adults produced moderating effects of the disgust toward older adults. In the third study, we employed the shape discrimination task to test the source effects of behavioral avoidance to older adults among undergraduates. The first and third studies show stronger negative emotional/avoidance reactions towards unfamiliar older adults than familiar older adults, affirming the source effects of disgust towards older adults that we expected. However, we did not find moderating effects of filial piety associated with disgust. These findings can help us understand the evolutionary origin of disgust toward older adults, which is likely activated more intensely and quickly in response to unfamiliar individuals as compared with familiar individuals.
Self-Regulated Strategy Development for Writing: Case Study of a Female With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Marble-Flint Karissa J. , Brown Baylee L.
Published: March 2022

An 11-year-old U.S. fifth grader with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) participated in a writing intervention using the self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) approach for story writing. The child summarized stories adapted from the Read Works® website using POW (Pick my idea, Organize my notes, and Write and say more) and WWW, What = 2, How = 2 (W = Who are the characters?, W = When does the story happen?, W = Where does the story happen?, What = 2, What happens first?, What happens next?, How = 2, How does the story end? and How do the characters feel?). Based on correct word sequence (CWS) calculations, the participant increased CWS from pre-test to post-test, and the total number of words she wrote also increased. This case study aims to provide speech-language pathologists with a guide for implementing the SRSD approach with their students with ASD and to inform future research.
Reporting Peripheral Artery Disease in Claudicants: Lessons Learned From the TASC-Ability Study
Authors: Gahide Gérald , Banine Amine , Cossette Mathilde , Budimir Martina , Chen Lois , Lefebvre Jordan , Phaneuf Samuel C. , Haddad Iskandar , Vendrell Jean-Francois , Beland Mathieu , Despatis Marc-Antoine , Maghsoudloo Kourosh
Published: March 2022

Background:

The Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus Document (TASC II) aims to comprehensively describe the case scenarios of aortoiliac and femoropopliteal lesions to suggest an endovascular or a surgical approach. Over time, it has become a guide for describing the gravity of arterial lesions.

Purpose:

To assess the revised TASC II system for classifying arterial lesions in a large database of patients presenting with claudication.

Materials and Methods:

This study was a retrospective review of the arteriograms of patients with intermittent claudication. Aortoiliac and femoropopliteal lesions were classified according to the TASC II. When no consensus was reached, the lesion was rated as unTASCable.

Results:

In total, 1454 patients were included (male: 62.1%, 66.8±9.3 years). There were 39% aortoiliac lesions (n=960/2462) and 61% femoropopliteal lesions (n=1502/2462); 33.6% of the patients (n=489/1454) were associated with aortoiliac and femoropopliteal lesions. In addition, 20% of the lesions (n=493/2462) were unTASCable, and 26.7% of the patients (n=388/1454) had at least 1 unTASCable lesion. There were 4 categories of unTASCable lesions: (1) association with a common femoral artery lesion in 53.1% (n=262/493); (2) iliac artery lesions in 23.1% (n=114/493); (3) femoropopliteal lesions whose lengths did not fit into any category in 16.6% (n=82/493); and (4) association with an aortic lesion in 7.1% (n=35/493). The interobserver agreement was 0.97 for anatomically describing the infrarenal arterial tree and 0.85 for TASCing, with the lesions lowering to 0.69 for aortoiliac lesions.

Conclusion:

Using the revised TASC II case scenario, 26.7% of the patients had at least 1 unTASCable lesion. Reporting peripheral artery disease using a comprehensive anatomical description of the infrarenal arterial tree showed better interobserver reproducibility.
Thermophysiological properties of bovine leather in dependence on the sampling point, tanning and finishing agents
Authors: Kopitar Dragana , Bosnjak Franka Zuvela , Akalovic Jadranka , Skenderi Zenun
Published: March 2022

The influence of differently tanned and finished bovine leather on thermophysiological properties was investigated. In addition, it was investigated whether sampling has a significant influence on the thermophysiological properties. The back of the tested leathers is thicker than the neck because of better microstructure regularity and uniformity as well as thicker and denser distributed fibrils than in the neck parts. The neck parts have a greater proportion of air-filled spaces between the fibrils, resulting in a higher thermal resistance of the leather neck parts. Considering the thickness of synthetic and chrome-tanned leathers (dyed and hydrophobized), the thinner chrome-tanned leathers (0.063 W m−1 °C−1 for the neck part, 0.090 W m−1 °C−1 for the back part part) have almost the same thermal conductivity as synthetic ones (0.065 W m−1 °C−1 for the neck part, 0.089 W m−1 °C−1 for the back part). Their thermal and water vapour resistance show considerable differences. There is no significant difference in water vapour resistance of the neck and back part of chrome tanned, dyed and hydrophobized leather (25.27 m2 Pa W−1 for the neck part; 25.15 m2 Pa W−1 for the back part) in contrast to equally treated synthetically tanned leather (30.38 m2 Pa W−1 for the neck part; 26.96 m2 Pa W−1 for the back part).The presented study could help in choosing the appropriate point of sampling, tanning as well as finishing agents for obtaining satisfying thermophysiological comfort in the wide range of leather application.
Construction and predictive value of risk models of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein variants and fetal open neural tube defects
Authors: Chen Yiming , Wang Xue , Chen Yijie , Ning WenWen , Chen Lei , Yin Yixuan , Zhang Wen , Lian Jiejing , Wang Hao
Published: March 2022

The correlation of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) variants (AFP-L2, AFP-L3), free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (free β-hCG), and open neural tube defects (ONTDs) during the second trimester, and the screening efficiency of different risk models remain indistinct. We conducted a retrospective case-control study, and studied 57 pregnant women with ONTD fetuses and 569 pregnant women with normal fetuses. The receiver operating characteristic curve method indicated the best cutoff value and area under the curve (AUC). The predictive value of ONTD risk models by free β-hCG, AFP, AFP-L2, and AFP-L3 was investigated via integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Compared to the control group, AFP, AFP-L2, and AFP-L3 levels were significantly higher, while free β-hCG level was significantly lower in the study group. The triple-index model of free β-hCG + AFP-L2 + AFP-L3 and the dual-index model of AFP-L2 + AFP-L3 showed the best predictive values, respectively (AUC = 0.905; AUC = 0.885). The order of the single-index model AUCs was AFP-L3 > AFP-L2 > AFP > free β-hCG. The negative predictive value, false positive rate, and negative likelihood ratio of AFP-L2, AFP-L3 alone, or combined with free β- hCG were better than those of AFP alone; however, the positive likelihood ratio was the opposite. The replacement of AFP by AFP-L2 or AFP-L3 combined with free β-hCG increased the IDI and NRI for predicting ONTD. The top five DCAs were AFP-L2 + free β-hCG, free β-hCG, AFP-L3, AFP + free β-hCG, and AFP. Indicators of maternal serum free β-hCG, AFP-L2, and AFP-L3 in the second trimester exhibited high sensitivity and specificity screening for ONTD fetuses. Risk models constructed using AFP-L2 + AFP-L3 and AFP-L2 + AFP-L3 + free β-hCG demonstrated better screening efficiency.
Emotional Status and Quality of Life in Women With ADHD During COVID-19
Authors: Engel-Yeger Batya
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 affects emotional status and quality of life (QOL) as reported in various countries. Less is known about the relations between gender, emotional status, and QOL in vulnerable groups. The objectives of this study are to compare emotional status and QOL between women with and without ADHD, during COVID-19, to correlate between emotional status, daily life, and QOL of women with ADHD, and to predict their QOL by COVID-19 constraints and emotional status. This cross-sectional online survey included 46 with ADHD and 183 typically functioning women, aged 19 to 60, who completed the sociodemographic health and daily life during COVID-19 questionnaires; the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale – 21, and the WHOQOL-BREF. Women with ADHD had significantly higher stress and anxiety and lower physical and psychological QOL. Emotional status and daily constraints predicted their QOL. COVID-19 emotional impacts should receive greater attention in vulnerable groups, as women with ADHD, to enhance resilience, participation, and QOL.
Naturalists on the Endeavour Voyage (1768–1771): Personalities, Pursuits, and Problems
Authors: Lazarus Maureen , Pardoe Heather
Published: March 2022

The Endeavour voyage was the first expedition from Britain to carry professional botanists and natural history artists. The main purpose was to observe the Transit of Venus. However, Cook had secret orders to explore and map the elusive southern continent. Joseph Banks, a wealthy naturalist, was consumed with excitement at the prospect of undiscovered plants, animals, and people. He arranged for a party of naturalists to accompany the expedition. Banks employed three artists: Parkinson; Buchan; and Spöring. Daniel Solander was his scientific partner. Contemporary diaries reveal how these men, from different backgrounds and nations, worked together to compile 3,000 specimens and over 1,300 drawings. Banks intended to publish the drawings quickly, but publication was delayed. When Solander died, the publication lost momentum and Banks was preoccupied by other projects. Banks’ Florilegium was finally published over 200 years later, a lasting legacy of the talents, dedication, and bravery of the artists.
Elevated Body Mass Index Negatively Impacts Recovery of Shoulder Abduction Strength in Triceps Motor Branch to Axillary Nerve Transfers
Authors: Karir Aneesh , Head Linden K. , Médor Maria C. , Wolff Gerald , Boyd Kirsty U.
Published: March 2022

Background:

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of triceps motor branch to axillary nerve transfers and to identify prognostic factors which may influence these outcomes.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort included all patients who underwent a triceps motor branch to axillary nerve transfer (2010-2019) with at least 12 months of follow-up. The primary outcome measure was shoulder abduction strength assessed with British Medical Research Council (MRC) grade.

Results:

Ten patients were included with a mean follow-up of 19.1 (SD 5.9) months. Compared with preoperative MRC shoulder abduction strength (0.2 SD 0.4), patients significantly improved postoperatively (2.8 SD 1.6; P = .005). Increased body mass index (BMI) was significantly associated with worse postoperative MRC ( P = .014).

Conclusion:

Triceps motor branch to axillary nerve transfer is a beneficial procedure for restoring shoulder function in patients presenting with either isolated axillary nerve or brachial plexus pathology. Patients with elevated BMI may not have as robust strength recovery and should be counseled carefully regarding prognosis.
Radiotherapy Combined With Concurrent Nedaplatin-Based Chemotherapy for Stage II–III Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Huiping , Lu Xiaoling , Jiang Jian , Lu Jingfeng , Sun Xinchen , Zuo Yun
Published: March 2022

Objective

This study was conducted to explore the appropriate radical radiation dose in concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for patients with inoperable stage II–III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods

This retrospective study included patients with esophageal cancer (EC) from the database of patients treated at the Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University (1/2015–12/2019). Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective remission rate (ORR), first failure pattern, and toxicities were collected.

Results

112 patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) combined with concurrent chemotherapy of nedaplatin-based regimens were included. Fifty-eight (51.8%) and 54 (48.2%) patients received 60 (HD) and 50.4 (LD) Gy of radiotherapy, respectively. The HD group showed superior OS and a trend for longer PFS compared with the LD group (median OS: 25.5 vs 17.5 months, P = .021; median PFS: 14.0 vs 10.5 months, P = .076). There were more patients with a complete remission (CR) in the HD group than in the LD group (P=.016). The treatment-related toxicities were generally acceptable, but HD radiotherapy would increase the incidence of grade ≥3 late radiotoxicity (22.4% vs 5.6%, P = .011).

Conclusion

In nedaplatin-based CCRT for stage II–III ESCC, the radiotherapy dose of 60 Gy achieved a better prognosis.

Strengths and limitations of this study

A comparative study of 50.4 Gy and 60 Gy was conducted to evaluate whether 50.4 Gy can be used as a radical radiotherapy dose for inoperable stage II–III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from a real-world perspective. The highly consistent selection criteria in our study make analysis results highly reliable and scientific. The existing research results support that nedaplatin can be used in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and this study focuses on the discovery of a better nedaplatin-based combination regimen. The findings of this study are limited to a single-center study with a non-large sample size. Inevitably, recall bias may exist in this retrospective study. Surgery was not involved in the follow-up treatment after concurrent chemoradiotherapy, which may worsen the prognosis of some patients.
Physical Activity as an Adjunct Treatment for People Living with HIV?
Authors: Enichen Elizabeth , Adams Robert B. , Demmig-Adams Barbara
Published: March 2022

This review evaluates physical activity as a candidate for an adjunct treatment, in conjunction with antiretroviral therapy (ART), for people living with HIV (PLWH). Evidence is summarized that chronic, non-resolving inflammation (a principal feature of immune system dysfunction) and a dysfunctional state of the gut environment are key factors in HIV infection that persist despite treatment with ART. In addition, evidence is summarized that regular physical activity may restore normal function of both the immune system and the gut environment and may thereby ameliorate symptoms and non-resolving inflammation-associated comorbidities that burden PLWH. Physicians who care for PLWH could thus consider incorporating physical activity into treatment plans to complement ART. It is also discussed that different types of physical activity can have different effects on the gut environment and immune function, and that future research should establish more specific criteria for the design of exercise regimens tailored to PLWH.
Effectiveness of mindfulness parent training on parenting stress and children’s ADHD-related behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Clara S.C. , Ng Ka-hin , Chan Phyllis C.K. , Peng Xianwei
Published: March 2022

Background/Objective

Literature shows that there is a circular relationship between children’s ADHD-related behaviors and parenting stress. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to understand if mindfulness parent trainings have benefits for both parenting stress and the problem behaviors in children with ADHD.

Methods

Five databases, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMED, and Web of Science, were searched. Within-group effects at post-treatment and follow-up assessment, and between-group effects at post-treatment were analyzed. Effect sizes (Hedges’ g) were also calculated.

Results

Ten studies (5 RCTs and 5 non-RCTs) met the selection criteria and were selected for systematic review, and nine of them were included for meta-analysis. Among these 10 studies, five studies involved mindfulness training for both parents and children, while the other five studies involved mindfulness training for parents only. Within-group effects at post-treatment were small-to-large for all outcomes. Hedges’ g ranged between −0.17 [95% CI (−0.98, 0.64)] and 4.70 [95% CI (3.59, 5.81)] for parenting stress; 0.17 [95% CI (−0.03, 0.37)] and 4.03 [95% CI (2.97, 5.09)] for children’s problem behaviors; and 0.20 [95% CI (−0.10, 0.50)] and 2.98 [95% CI (2.16, 3.80)] for children’s ADHD symptoms. Between-group comparisons showed mindfulness parent training was superior to other active controls on all outcomes.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that mindfulness parent training may be beneficial for parenting stress and children’s ADHD-related behaviors, and due to the small number of studies reviewed, cautions should be taken when interpreting the results.
Direct arteriovenous fistula due to a blister-like aneurysm of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery hijacking its adjacent vein
Authors: Guo Yunbao , Yu Jinlu
Published: March 2022

Background

This is the first report of a direct acquired arteriovenous fistula (AVF) between an intracranial aneurysm and its adjacent pial vein.

Case description

A 33-year-old male suffered subarachnoid hemorrhage. Computed tomography angiography revealed an aneurysm of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed that the aneurysm of the supraclinoid ICA was blister-like and that one large vessel crossing the aneurysm provided two draining paths into the bilateral cavernous sinuses and superior sagittal sinus. Microsurgery confirmed the presence of a blister-like aneurysm and proved the vessel crossing and connected to the aneurysm to be a pial vein, resulting in a direct AVF between the aneurysm and its adjacent vein. The blister-like aneurysm together with some of the ICA wall was clipped to reconstruct the ICA and preserve the anterior choroidal artery (AchA). Postoperative DSA showed the following: the blister-like aneurysm had been completely clipped; the ICA was narrow, but the blood flow was sufficient; and the AchA was intact. After discharge, the patient recovered uneventfully without neurological deficits.

Conclusions

Exceptionally, an intracranial ruptured aneurysm can hijack its adjacent pial vein as its draining path, forming a direct AVF. Microsurgery can be used to confirm the angioarchitecture of the AVF, and clipping is a good treatment choice.
References to Evidence-based Program Registry (EBPR) Websites for Behavioral Health in U.S. State Government Statutes and Regulations
Authors: Lee Miranda J. , Maranda Michael J. , Magura Stephen , Greenman Gregory
Published: March 2022

U.S. state governments have the responsibility to regulate and license behavioral health care interventions, such as for addiction and mental illness, with increasing emphasis on implementing evidence-based programs (EBPs). A serious obstacle to this is lack of clarity or agreement about what constitutes “evidence-based.” The study’s purpose was to determine the extent to which and in what contexts web-based Evidence-based Program Registries (EBPRs) are referenced in state government statutes and regulations (“mandates”) concerning behavioral health care. Examples are What Works Clearinghouse, National Register of Evidence-based Programs and Practices, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The study employed the Westlaw Legal Research Database to search for 30 known EBPR websites relevant to behavioral health care within the statutes and regulations of all 50 states. There was low prevalence of EBPR references in state statutes and regulations pertaining to behavioral health care; 20 states had a total of 33 mandates that referenced an EBPR. These mandates usually do not rely on an EBPR as the sole acceptable source for classifying a program or practice as “evidence-based.” Instead, EBPRs were named in conjunction with internal state or external sources of information about putative program effectiveness, which may be less valid than EBPRs, to determine what is “evidence-based.” Greater awareness of scientifically based EBPRs and greater understanding of their advantages need to be fostered among state legislators and regulators charged with making policy to increase or improve the use of evidence-based programs and practices in behavioral health care in the United States.
A Meta-Analysis of Probiotics for the Treatment of Allergic Airway Diseases in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Chen Na , Liu Fang , Gao Qiang , Wang Rui , Zhang Lei , Li Youwei
Published: March 2022

Background

Allergic airway disease is a chronic airway allergic inflammatory disease including allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma which is common in children and adolescents. Recently the probiotics has been becoming a supplementary or alternative therapy to allergic diseases, however the effect of them has not been clearly established.

Objective

The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics on allergic airway disease including AR and allergic asthma in children and adolescents.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive search on PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE for relevant publications from 1 Jan 2000 to 1 July 2021. Physical examinations, Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaires (PRQLQs), Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), Nasal or Eye Symptom Score (NSS or ESS), serum allergen-specific IgE, and eosinophil were used as evaluating indicators for AR and allergic asthma in children and adolescents. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan, Version 5.3).

Results

15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 1388 participants were included for the meta-analysis. Among them, 729 patients treated with probiotics served as the probiotics group, and 659 patients with placebo as control group. Significantly greater reduction in PRQLQs from baseline to endpoint (SMD = −2.57, 95% CI [ − 4.66, −0.48] P < 0.01), NSS (SMD = −1.43, 95% CI [ − 1.63, − 1.23], P < 0.01) and ESS (total MD = −1.67, 95% CI [ − 1.79, − 1.55], P < 0.01) were observed in probiotics group compared to control group. Probiotics have no significant effect to serum IgE and eosinophils (P > 0.01).

Conclusion

The results of this meta-analysis indicated that probiotics treatment may reduce PRQLQs, NSS, ESS in patients with allergic airway disease. More research involving the mechanism of probiotics are needed to clarify the role of probiotics in AR and allergic asthma in children and adolescents.