bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Pensamento Naval nas páginas da Revista Marítima Brasileira (1970-1990): Guerra Fria, Détente, e a Guerra das Falklands/Malvinas
Authors: Alves Vágner Camilo , Coelho Emílio Reis
Published: June 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o impacto da estrutura do Sistema Internacional e das lições aprendidas com a Guerra das Falklands/Malvinas (1982) sobre o pensamento naval brasileiro. A questão é examinada a partir dos artigos da Revista Marítima Brasileira (RMB), publicados entre 1970-1990, notadamente aqueles escritos pelos oficiais da Marinha do Brasil (MB). Os artigos são analisados a partir de uma contextualização que tem como pano de fundo a Guerra Fria, as nuances pelas quais passava o conflito bipolar naquele período, bem como a influência daquela disputa sobre o Brasil e sobre a produção do pensamento estratégico no país. Constatou-se que o conflito entre as superpotências perdeu espaço na RMB, ao longo da janela temporal da pesquisa, e que a revista se dedicou a publicar maior número de textos escritos por autores nacionais. Apesar disso, averiguou-se que nem a Détente nem o Conflito no Atlântico Sul afetaram significativamente os rumos do pensamento estratégico naval brasileiro, que se manteve focado no conflito bipolar.
Tensões, políticas e racializações na dança cubana ao longo do século XX
Authors: Lemos Moreira Igor
Published: June 2022

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A Guerra do Paraguai apresentada sob a “perspectiva militar” na imprensa ilustrada do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Stumpf Lúcia
Published: June 2022

Este artigo se volta à cobertura da Guerra do Paraguai (1864-1870) realizada pela imprensa ilustrada do Rio de Janeiro, dedicando-se especialmente à análise das estampas publicadas sob a chancela de testemunha ocular do conflito. A partir desse recorte, demonstra-se a relevância da participação de oficiais das armas do Império como correspondentes de dois periódicos em especial: Semana Ilustrada e A Vida Fluminense. Fundamentando-se na comparação com o ocorrido durante a Guerra Civil (1861-1865) nos Estados Unidos, conclui-se que o papel reservado aos desenhos técnicos militares na cobertura visual da guerra reforçou a abstenção pública ao proporcionar aos leitores o lugar de espectadores passivos do evento.
Limites e contradições do progressismo latino-americano
Authors: Oliveira Vitor
Published: June 2022

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PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS KECERDASAN MAJEMUK DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK DALAM MENSTIMULASI KECERDASAN SPASIAL ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Tanjung Salsabila Hasiana , Kamtini Kamtini , Damanik Suri Handayani
Published: June 2022

Setiap anak memiliki karakteristik dan kecerdasannya yang berbeda dari tiap anak yang lainnya. Anak cenderung beraktifitas seperti bermain dan berinteraksi dengan menggunakan sisi kecerdasan yang anak miliki. Penelitian ini menggunakan  penelitian kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan  observasi dan tes terhadap anak. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji regresi untuk melihat seberapa besar pengaruh penggunaan pembelajaran berbasis kecerdasan majemuk dengan menggunakan pendekatan saintifik terhadap kecerdasan spasial anak usia 5-6 tahun. Berdasarkan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pembelajaran berbasis eksperimen  Populasi yang digunakan adalah anak usia lima sampai enam tahun yang berada pada usia taman kanak-kanak yaitu anak usia lima sampai enam tahun.
TÜRKİYE'DE SAVAŞ DÖNEMİNDE KARABORSACILIĞA KARŞI ALINAN BİR TEDBİR OLARAK VARLIK VERGİSİ
Authors: YILMAZ Uğur , ERKUTLU Filiz
Published: June 2022

1 Eylül 1939 tarihinde Hitler Almanyası’nın Polonya’yı işgal etmesiyle başlayan İkinci Dünya Savaşı her yönüyle yıkıma neden olmuştur. Avrupa başta olmak üzere dünyanın çoğu yerinde kanlı geçen bu savaşta Türkiye tarafsız kalmıştır. Türkiye’nin bu tarafsızlığı ona askeri kayıp yaşatmazken büyük ekonomik kayıplar yaşatmıştır. Savaş nedenle genç nüfusunu üretimde çeken Türkiye, bunları silahaltına almıştır. Bir milyondan fazla genç erkeğin silahaltına alınması ülkede üretim sıkıntısı yaşatmış ve bu da 1942 yılından itibaren bir katılığına neden olmuştur. Böylece bu sıkıntılı yıllarda halkın temel gıda ihtiyacını stoklayan karaborsacılar büyük servetlere sahip olmuşlardır. Karaborsacılığın bu denli yaygınlaşması üzerine Başbakan Şükrü Saraçoğlu, bu yolla zengin olan kişilerin tespit edilmesi için emir vermiştir. Bu kişilerin tespit edilmesiyle birlikte 12 Kasım 1942 yılında Varlık Vergisi devreye konulmuş ve bu vergiyle karaborsacılıktan zengin olan kişilerden ağır vergiler alınmaya başlanmıştır. 114.368 kişiye uygulanan bu verginin ödeme süresi kısa tutulmuş ve vergi borcunu bu süre içerisinde ödemeyen mükellefler bedeni işlerde çalıştırılmışlardır.
HAYAT VE EDEBİYAT
Authors: KILIÇ Ahmet Fikret
Published: June 2022

Edebiyat, dille yapılan bir güzel sanattır. Duygu, düşünce ve hayâllerin okuyucu üzerinde estetik bir heyecan ve hayranlık uyandıracak şekilde ifade edilmesidir. Varlık şartı olarak şahsî bir yaratma olsa da toplumsal bir olgudur. Edebiyat var olduğundan beri hep hayatla iç içe olmuştur. Bu yüzden bir toplumun coğrafyası, dinî, millî, siyasî ve estetik hayatıyla edebiyatı arasındaki bağlantılar çok kuvvetlidir. Zira edebiyat da diğer bütün insanî eylemler gibi, kendine özgü bir düşünce, bir duyumsama biçimi olarak tarihsel yaşam içinde ortaya çıkar. Toplumsal hayat, insanın bütün eylemlerini, sanatı ve edebiyatı beslediği gibi, edebiyat da hayatı besleyen bir kaynak, yarını hazırlayan bir kuvvet olmuştur. Toplumsal ve kültürel değerler, gelecek kuşaklara edebiyat aracılığı ile aktarılır. Böylece kültürel bütünlüğün sağlanmasında ve toplumsal bilincin canlı tutulmasında edebiyatın payı büyüktür.
Ciri Khas Pengajaran Yesus dengan Metode Perumpamaan Berdasarkan Catatan Injil Sinoptik
Authors: Adiatma Daniel Lindung
Published: June 2022

Para penulis Injil mengonfirmasi materi perumpamaan dan menyusunnya dalam sebuah historiografi. Para penulis telah memiliki motif khusus dalam memilih materi perumpamaan untuk mendukung tema utama yang mereka tetapkan dalam historigrafinya. Kecenderungan yang dilakukan oleh penafsir adalah memisahkan materi perumpamaan dari kesatuan materi. Hal ini berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakpaduan ajaran dari perumpamaan. Penelitian yang mengabaikan aspek bentuk akhir kitab menyulitkan penafsir menemukan nilai teologis yang ditetapkan. Meskipun telah muncul tafsir alegoris yang berkembang sejak abad permulaan, namun model itu tidak cukup relevan digunakan dalam konteks hermeneutik yang komprehensif. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui pengamatan tiga aspek penting. Pertama, analisis motif penulis. Kedua, analisis pendengar mula-mula. Ketiga, analisis terhadap respons pembaca yang diharapkan. Dengan demikian, penafsir dapat menemukan makna teologis perumpamaan Yesus yang alkitabiah serta mendorong pembaca menentukan sikap yang sesuai dengan harapan penulis kitab. Para penulis Injil memanfaatkan perumpamaan untuk meneguhkan makna teologis dalam kitabnya.The Gospel writers confirmed the parable material and arranged it in historiography. The writers have a special motive in choosing parable material to support the main theme they set in their historiography. The tendency of the interpreter is to separate the material of the parable from the unity of the material. This has the potential to cause dissonance in the teachings of the parable. Research that ignores aspects of the final form of the book makes it difficult for the interpreter to find the theological value assigned. Although there have been allegorical interpretations that have developed since the early centuries, the model is not relevant enough to be used in a comprehensive hermeneutical context. This research was conducted by observing three important aspects. First, an analysis of the author's motives. Second, analyze the initial audience. Third, analysis of the expected response of readers. Thus, the interpreter can find the theological meaning of the biblical parable of Jesus and encourage the reader to take an attitude that is by the expectations of the author of the book. The Gospel writers used parables to confirm the theological meaning of their books.
Dampak Kejatuhan Manusia terhadap Kerusakan Ekologi Menurut Kejadian 3
Authors: Putra Adi - , Keluanan Yane Henderina
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang kerusakan ekologi berdasarkan teks dan perikop Kejadian 3. Topik ini dibahas dan diteliti karena pemanasan global menjadi topik yang selalu menarik didiskusikan dalam ruang akademik beberapa tahun terakhir. Oleh karena dunia sedang mengalami perubahan iklim karena adanya pemanasan global. Selain itu, dalam Kejadian 3 dibaca dan diperoleh informasi bahwa akibat dari dosa, alam (lingkungan) menjadi rusak. Sehingga melalui penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi untuk kajian tentang ekologi. Kajian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan mengkaji dan mengobservasi secara mendalam guna memperoleh data dan informasi yang valid untuk menghasilkan sebuah teori baru tentang ekologi khususnya tentang kerusakannya. Dan pada penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa kerusakan ekologi tidak terlepas dari dosa dan kejatuhan manusia dalam dosa. Oleh karena dosa telah membuat manusia bertindak merusak alam dan tidak melakukan tugas serta tanggung jawabnya untuk menjaga, mengelola serta menaklukkan bumi ini.This study examines ecological damage based on the text and passages of Genesis 3. This topic is discussed and investigated because global warming has always been an interesting topic to be discussed in academic circles in recent years. Because the world is experiencing climate change due to global warming. In addition, in Genesis 3 it is read and information is obtained that as a result of sin, nature (environment) is damaged. So that through this research it is hoped that it can be a reference for studies on ecology. This study uses qualitative research methods by studying and observing in-depth in order to obtain valid data and information to produce a new theory of ecology, especially regarding its damage. And in this study, it is concluded that ecological damage is inseparable from sin and the fall of humans into sin. Because sin has made humans act to destroy nature and not carry out their duties and responsibilities to protect, manage and conquer this earth.
ÇALIŞANLARIN ALGILARINA GÖRE ÖRGÜT KÜLTÜRÜ VE KURUMSALLAŞMA İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: MERT Filiz , GENÇ Kurtuluş Yılmaz
Published: June 2022

Bu araştırmada gelişmekte olan bir üniversitenin çalışanlarının algılarına göre yaş, cinsiyet, kadro, eğitim durumu ve kurumda çalışma süresi açısından var olan kültür değişkenleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmada üniversitede çalışan akademik ve idari personelin var olan kültüre yönelik algılarını ölçmek, örgüt kültürü ile kurumsallaşma ilişkisini tespit etmek ve farklılıklarını ortaya koymak amacıyla anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın temel amacı, bir üniversite çalışanlarının algılarına göre örgüt kültürü konusunu çeşitli yönleri ve özellikleri ile ele almanın yanı sıra kurumsallaşma olgusunun örgüt kültürünün oluşmasıyla ilişkisini tespit etmektir. Alan araştırması kapsamında, akademik ve idari personele uygulanan anketlerle 202 kişiden veri toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesinde SPSS 23 paket programından yararlanılmıştır. Ölçeklerin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik analizleri yapılmış, ölçeklerden alınan puanlara ait frekans, aritmetik ortalama ve yüzde dağılımları ortaya konmuştur. Veri seti; faktör analizi, korelasyon analizi, t-testi ve içerik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bu noktadan yola çıkarak çalışanların algıladıkları göre mevcut örgüt kültürü durumu tespiti yapılıp, kurumsallaşmaya yönelik öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Başlıca bulgular şunlardır: Örgüt kültürü ile güç mesafesi, belirsizlikten kaçınma, bireycilik/ toplumculuk, kısa dönem/uzun döneme odaklanma arasında doğrusal ilişki vardır. Yine, algılanan kurumsallaşma düzeyi açısından üniversite mensupları arasında ortalamalar açısından anlamlı bir farklılık yoktur.
livro de Josué no cânon e na pesquisa bíblica:
Authors: Sousa Marques Mariosan
Published: June 2022

O livro de Josué, embora apresente uma narrativa aparentemente simples da conquista (capítulos 1-12*) e repartição da terra entre as tribos (capítulos 13-24), continua sendo uma incógnita no cenário da pesquisa bíblica. Não há acordo acadêmico sobre o autor do livro, sua datação, tampouco sobre a finalidade do livro e sua interpretação. No amplo leque de divergências de opiniões, o escopo da presente reflexão é despertar para a necessidade de reler a obra em sua inteireza a partir de uma ótica crítica a fim de captar sua mensagem principal. Após a introdução, a reflexão é desenvolvida em três tópicos: 1) O livro de Josué no cânon hebraico e cristão; 2) O livro de Josué no cenário da crítica bíblica hoje; 3) A finalidade do livro e sua interpretação. Quanto ao método, a abordagem da revisão bibliográfica foi empregada, visando situar o leitor no cenário atual da pesquisa e desafiar a mente para nossas pesquisas. O livro é a conclusão do hexateuco ou o início dos profetas anteriores na tradição judaica? É a primeira construção da literatura deuteronomista sobre o alicerce do Deuteronômio ou uma obra independente?
Isaias 63,3-6 em Ap 14,14-20
Authors: Santos Pedro Paulo Alves dos
Published: June 2022

Este artigo examina as relações de ‘re-utilização’ de Is 63,3-6 na tecedura da narrativa profético-apocalíptica na Tradição Joanina. O acento se coloca sobre a complexidade que se estabelece quando se busca entender os processos de ‘citação’ da tradição isaiana em diversas unidades do Apocalipse (Is 63,1-6 //Ap 14, 14-20). Como caracterizar estes advances do texto cristão sobre o horizonte semântico originário da profecia vétero-testamentária? Teorias literárias contemporâneas da complexa ‘alusividade’ entre textos (intertextualidades/ transtextualidades) desafiam o exegeta do Apocalipse a não buscar somente as fontes textuais do AT no NT (a quo), mas visa também entender os mecanismos/operações literárias de conexão e interação entre textos produzidos por leitores cristãos das ‘Escrituras’ (ad quem), no novo enquadramento hermenêutico da Fé cristã (Cristologia). Após discutir as perspectivas mais promissoras para a exegese atual do Apocalipse, sob a influência de novas teorias literárias, como a intertextualidade, para estabelecer novas funções e estratégias literárias do autor do Apocalipse em relação ao Antigo Testamento, em particular aquele originário de ambientes proféticos cabe examinar de perto o fenômeno da alusividade Isaiana no contexto de algumas unidades de Ap 14, 14-20 no estudo de Fekkes e no Comentário de Vanni.
Guerra santa e interdito em Josué
Authors: Theodoro da Fonseca Junior Joel
Published: June 2022

Nos relatos do Antigo Testamento, particularmente nos livros de Deuteronômio e Josué, a ocorrência das guerras santas tem um papel muito importante para a compreensão daquele momento dentro da narrativa bíblica. Esses dois livros em especial nos apresentam a sua conceituação e a sua consolidação como modo de ação do povo de Israel, bem como informações de que outras nações mencionadas na Bíblia também praticavam a guerra santa. Além disso, outras fontes documentais confirmam o fato de que a prática era comum às nações da antiguidade. Quanto à guerra santa, o interdito divino desperta nosso interesse, e era algo também compartilhado pelos povos antigos, sendo que percebemos uma diferença na prática de Israel, que era a possibilidade de paz e vida, bastando para isso que, em tempos de guerra, houvesse a oferta de paz a Israel e a aceitação de Deus em lugar de suas divindades de origem.  O caminho a percorrer é o da compreensão de algumas citações bíblicas, assim como perceber a contribuição de estudiosos dedicados ao tema, principalmente Richard Hess e Gordon Wenham.
Pengaruh Current Ratio Dan Debt To Equity Ratio Terhadap Return On Equity Pada Perusahaan Subsektor Batu Bara
Authors: Liza Maiya , Budianto Erwin , Khasanah Uus
Published: June 2022

Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Current Ratio  dan Debt to Equity Ratio sebagai variabel independen dan Return On Equity sebagai variabel dependen. Jenis penelitiannya adalah asosiatif kausal. Sampel  dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan diperoleh sebnayak 9 perusahaan subsektor Batubara. Data yang digunakan merupakan daya laporan keuangan yang dari Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode analisis data menggunakan uji statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, uji t,  uji F dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian  secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa Current Ratio dan Debt to Equity Ratio berpengaruh terhadap Return On Equity. Secara simultan, dihasilkan bahwa Current Ratio dan Debt to Equity Ratio berpengaruh terhadap Return On Equity.

Kata kunci: Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Return On Equity
Investigasi Penentu Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Muawanah Ainun , Ariefiantoro Teguh , Santoso Aprih
Published: June 2022

Many factors can affect employee performance, such as Work Environment, Leadership, Training and Work Discipline. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of the work environment, leadership, training and work discipline on employee performance in the sales department of PT. Toyota Nasmoco Karangjati. This study uses a survey method to employees of the marketing department at PT. Toyota Nasmoco Karangjati has 33 employees as respondents. The sampling technique in this study is the saturated sample. The analytical tools used in this study are: validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, heteroscedasticity test, ui coefficient of determination and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the work environment has a positive and significant effect, giving the understanding that if the work environment is supportive, it will lead to morale. Leadership has a positive and significant effect, giving the understanding that a leader must have a strong individual concept and ability to achieve his goals in the company. Job training has a positive and significant effect, providing an understanding that training is necessary to improve the skills and performance of the company's work. Work Discipline has a positive and significant effect. Provide an understanding that the more disciplined an employee will be, the more the performance of the given employee will increase.
Deskripsi Literasi Keuangan Syariah Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Semarang
Authors: Widowati Amerti Irvin , Universari Naria , Wahdi Nirsetyo
Published: June 2022

Literasi keuangan merupakan salah satu kunci kesejahteraan masyarakat sebab akan memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman agar terhindar dari kesulitan ekonomi dan kesalahan dalam pengelolaan keuangan. Saat ini tingkat literasi keuangan masyarakat sangat rendah, khususnya literasi keuangan syariah sehingga perlu dibangun melalui perencanaan strategis dan langkah inisiatif berupa program aksi dengan melibatkan semua elemen masyarakat, khususnya stakeholders keuangan syariah dan regulator keuangan. Mahasiswa fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Semarang sebagai agen perubahan perlu dibekali pemahaman tentang literasi keuangan yang baik sehingga mampu memberikan edukasi literasi keuangan kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang tingkat literasi keuangan syariah mahasiswa fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Semarang Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan sampel mahasiswa fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Semarang. Berdasarkan hasil demografi menunjukkan bahwa bank Syariah kurang popular dikalangan responden dibandingkan bank konvensional. Respinden setuju bahwa ekonomi Syariah berdasar pada Al quran, Hadits, Ijma, Ijtihad dan Qiyas, serta terbebas dari unsur Riba, Ghahar dan Masyir. ZIS merupakan kewajiban dari responden. Asuransi dan pasar modal Syariah bukan merupakan pilihan dari responden.
Pengaruh Indeks Saham Syariah Jepang (Djijp) Dan Indeks Saham Syariah Malaysia (Djmy25d) Terhadap Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia (Issi)
Authors: SN Arfandi , Rahayu Santy Ery
Published: June 2022

Indeks saham syariah merupakan suatu indikator kinerja pasar saham syariah di pasar modal yang ada dalam suatu negara. Manfaat indeks saham bagi para investor maupun masyarakat adalah dapat digunakan untuk melihat tren atau kondisi mengenai pergerakan harga di bursa saham secara keseluruhan maupun secara umum. Indeks saham syariah juga dapat digunakan sebagai acuan untuk menilai kinerja portofolio saham syariah. Dengan adanya indeks saham di pasar modal dapat digunakan sebagai sarana untuk melihat perkembangan ekonomi suatu negara..

 

Isu yang menarik dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah Indeks  Saham Syariah Jepang (DJIJP) dan Indeks Saham Syariah Malaysia (DJMY25D) memiliki pengaruh secara parsial maupun secara simultan terhadap Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia (ISSI) pada periode Januari tahun 2016 – Desember tahun 2020 berdasarkan pada permasalahan yang ada dan research gap yang telah dilakukan oleh penelitian terdahulu.

 

Tujuan penelitian  ini  adalah untuk  menganalisis  pengaruh  antara variabel independen yaitu DJIJP dan DJMY25D terhadap variabel dependen yaitu ISSI. Data penelitian yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yaitu indeks harga closing price diakhir bulan periode Januari tahun 2016 – Desember tahun 2020. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dengan terlebih dahulu melakukan uji asumsi klasik. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara simultan digunakan uji F dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara parsial digunakan uji t.

 

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, secara parsial yang memiliki pengaruh positif  dan signifikan terhadap variabel ISSI adalah kedua variabel DJIJP dan DJMY25D. Kemudian secara simultan DJIJP dan DJMY25D memiliki pengaruh terhadap ISSI dalam periode Januari tahun 2016 – Desember tahun 2020. Adanya pengaruh tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh masalah ekonomi makro maupun faktor teknis dan faktor fundamental.
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Pt. Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Berdasarkan Sk Menteri Bumn No. Kep 100/Mbu/2002
Authors: Haris Muhammad Fachril , - Muliana
Published: June 2022

Kinerja keuangan merupakan gambaran umum mengenai keadaan dari perusahaan di periode tertentu. Analisis laporan keuangan merupakan cara yang dapat digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi terkait kinerja keuangan, salah satunya dengan menggunakan rasio profitabilitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kinerja keuangan PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk periode 2015-2020 dari profitabilitasnya dengan menggunakan rasio Return On Equity (ROE) dan Return On Investment (ROI). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan standar tingkat kesehatan keuangan berdasarkan Surat keputusan Menteri BUMN Nomor : KEP-100/MBU/2002. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan kinerja keuangan PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk periode 2015-2020 dilihat dari rasio Return On Equity (ROE) menunjukkan rata-rata enam tahun terakhir sebesar -22,51% atau dalam keadaan tidak baik. Untuk rasio Return On Investment (ROI) menunjukkan rata-rata enam tahun terakhir sebesar -2,44% atau dalam keadaan tidak baik. Secara keseluruhan rasio profitabilitas apabila diukur dari tingkat kesehatannya memperoleh total skor 2,85%% atau dalam kondisi tidak sehat dengan kategori C.
Perilaku Kredit Perbankan Dalam Gelombang Siklus Keuangan Selama Pandemi Covid-19 Di Indonesia
Authors: Basmar Edwin , S Hasdiana , Campbell III Carl M. , Basmar Erlin
Published: June 2022

Perilaku perkreditan bank cenderung berubah dikarenakan tekanan ekonomi yang berdampak pada gelombang siklus keuangan yang tidak stabil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi aktivitas kredit perbankan melalui pengembangan model pengukuran Ed Waves Index, dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari laporan keuangan Bank Indonesia tahun 1950 hingga 2020 (triwulan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama Pandemi Covid-19, perilaku kredit perbankan lebih agresif, dengan durasi pendek dengan tekanan mencapai -2,96 amplitudo. Perilaku ini berhubungan positif dengan siklus keuangan, yang searah di area negatif selama pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia
Estudio de la separación de n-hexano-acetato de etilo por destilación extractiva
Authors: Ramírez Hanoi Abdel Pérez- , Mastache Silvia Cecilia Carrillo- , Ávila Javier Temoltzi , Vázquez Sergio Damián , Camacho Rene , Rodríguez Miguel Ángel Rodríguez , Pérez Emilio Nezahualcóyotl García , Granados Hebert Lugo
Published: June 2022

Se simula mediante Aspen plus el procedimiento de destilación extractiva para el sistema binario de Acetato de etilo-N-hexano. Después del análisis de un conjunto de solventes en base a su polaridad principalmente se eligió el DMF como el disolvente. Se enfocó el estudio en la columna de destilación extractiva, se diseñó para la separación de la mezcla. Dirigido a la fracción de masa de n-hexano y acetato de etilo de 99.00% en los productos, el proceso de destilación extractiva se simuló para obtener las condiciones óptimas para la columna de destilación extractiva de la siguiente manera, el número de etapas teóricas de toda la torre es N=60, Etapa de alimentación 38, R=10, destilado, el modelo termodinámico para cálculo de propiedades es NTRL, se seleccionó como la variable crítica Fr (Solvente/alimentación) sobre la composición de n-Hexano en el Destilado se obtiene un valor de 1.5 para alcanzar composición deseada. Estos trabajos proporcionarán una base teórica y diseño de referencia para la industrialización de la separación por destilación extractiva de sistema de Acetato de etilo-n-hexano.
Implementation of DSL: didactic system of learning for children with special educational needs
Authors: Hernández María Luisa Morales , González Marisol Calderón , Urquieta José David Alanis , Mora Paulo Daniel Vázquez , Lara Daniel Díaz , Aca Alan Hernández , Ruiz Hugo Enrique Reyes
Published: June 2022

In this paper the tool DSL (SDA: Sistema Didáctico de Aprendizaje, by its acronym in Spanish) is presented. This tool was designed for the Multiple Attention Center located at Santa Ana Xalmimilulco, Huejotzingo, Puebla, with the aim to help in the in the educative process, as didactic auxiliary in the cognitive process corresponding to the subjects of math and Spanish in the center by means of automation. The main aim is the production of an educational software, focused to didactic of basic cognitive functions. This  skills and abilities it is develop in an environment of special education and taking as a base the specialized bibliography of the own Multiple Attention Center. The system was done in C#, taking in advantage the object oriented programming and the interface of the environment of development. Moreover the software it was developed by means of the prototypes paradigm, using Unified Modelling Language, UML, which is a graphic language to visualize, specify, build and document a system, backed up by the OMG (object Management Group). It offer a standard in order to describe a “plane” of the system (model),including the conceptual aspects such as business process and functions of the system, and concrete aspects as expressions of programming languages, data base schemas and reusable components. The results obtained as product of the development of this system was valued by the CAM’s personal. The system developed it is found currently operating in the installations of the center. It is a software with adequate characteristics to the environment, flexible, usable and verifiable that complies with the characteristics of an educational software fully. In future works it is could achieve the realization of software packages portables to other platforms and adaptable to run into web.
Les procédures d’expropriation pour cause d’utilité publique en République Centrafricaine
Authors: Ngana Félix
Published: June 2022

En République Centrafricaine, l’Etat détient le pouvoir d’exproprier une personne physique ou morale d’un bien foncier. Cette pratique se justifie par la mise en œuvre des Projets d’Intérêt Général dont l’Etat seul est garant. La corruption n’est pas  absente dans le mécanisme. L’objectif de cette étude consiste à analyser les procédures d’expropriation pour cause d’utilité publique en Centrafrique et relever les cas de corruption quand il s’agit d’indemniser les victimes. Les méthodes analytique et descriptive ont été utilisées pour la réalisation de ce travail. La consultation des documents juridiques appuyés par des enquêtes et des entretiens dans les services concernés ont permis de collecter les données relatives à cette recherche. Les textes de loi sur l’expropriation ont été examinés en vue de distinguer la responsabilité de l’autorité administrative de celle de l’autorité judiciaire. La procédure comporte une phase administrative et une phase judiciaire. La procédure administrative englobe les enquêtes sur la zone à dégagée et la population à exproprier en vue de l’élaboration de l’acte annonçant l’utilité publique en fonction de l’Article 2 de la Loi 61.262. La procédure judiciaire permet de résoudre les litiges sur l’expropriation et les mécanismes de l’indemnisation. Le Juge Civil intervient dans ce cadre conformément à l’Article 4, de la Loi 61.262 du 23 Décembre 1961. C’est à deux phases qu’il aura à intervenir : pour le transfert de la propriété privée en propriété publique et pour la fixation de l’indemnité. L’Etat utilise le terme de « retour au domaine » pour les terrains attribués et non mis en valeur après 5 ans. Cette disposition est à l’origine de plusieurs exemples d’expropriation à problème même pour les investisseurs internationaux. D’autres formes d’expropriation sont pratiquées en violation du droit de propriété de la population vulnérable. Il s’agit des Pygmées qui sont expropriés pour cause d’exploitation forestière et les groupes armés qui expulsent les gens par la force sur leurs patrimoines fonciers. Cet article vise à fournir des informations sur les démarches que mène l’administration publique pour procéder à l’expropriation et les problèmes que pose l’indemnisation dans un pays post-conflit comme la République Centrafricaine.
Covid-19 Pandemisinin Trakya İşgücü Piyasasına Etkileri: Üç Metropol ve Türkiye Bütünüyle Karşılaştırması
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Murat
Published: June 2022

Çalışmanın amacı, Trakya işgücü piyasasının pandemiden etkilenme düzeyini üç metropol ve Türkiye bütünüyle karşılaştırmaktır. Yöntem olarak 2019 ve 2020 yıllarındaki işgücü, istihdam ve işsizlik hacimlerinin karşılaştırmasına dayanan veri analizi tercih edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, Trakya’da işgücü, istihdam ve işsizlik hacimlerinde şiddetli daralmanın eş zamanlı gerçekleştiğini gösteriyor. Ancak bu daralma, istisnalar dışında üç metropol ve Türkiye bütününün gerisinde. Özellikle eğitim düzeyi arttıkça daralmanın zayıflayıp, bazen artışa döndüğünü gösteriyor. Yaş gruplarına göreyse 15-24 yaş ile 55 yaş ve üstündeki grupların pandemiden çok daha fazla etkilendikleri sonucuyla karşılaşılıyor. Bu iki grup, işgücünün gövdesini oluşturmayan ikame özellikli. Dolayısıyla da piyasadan ilk ve en şiddetli çıkan kesim de bu iki kesim. Genel olarak Trakya işgücü piyasası pandemiden oldukça şiddetli etkilenmiş durumda. Ancak bu etkinin karşılaştırma yapılan üç metropol ve Türkiye bütününe göre daha sınırlı kalması umut verici. Diğer açıdansa diğer pek çok yerin Trakya’dan çok daha dramatik etkilendiği düşünüldüğünde, pandeminin son bulana kadar yol açacağı tahribatın boyutları ürkütücü hale geliyor.
Behice Ziya Kollar’ın Pakize Adlı Romanında Toplumsal Cinsiyet Bağlamında Modernleşen Kadın ve Sorunları
Authors: YETER Selin Cansu
Published: June 2022

2019 yılında Koç Üniversitesi yayınları tarafından Latinize edilen Pakize romanı, yazarının ve başkarakterinin kadın olması yönüyle dikkat çeken bir eserdir. Romanda, geleneksel kabullerle kadına atfedilen anlamların ötesinde bir kadın profili sunulduğu görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, kadın-erkek ilişkileri, kadının kendi dünyasına özgü sorunları, eğitim, evlilik, aşk konuları ve dönemin kadın algısı eril bakış açısıyla şekillenen alışagelmiş sunuşun aksine, kadın bakış açısıyla ele alınmıştır. Behice Ziya Kollar romanda, feminizm konusuna yer vermese de Osmanlı’nın modernleşme sürecinde, erkek egemen kültür karşısında kadının değişen kimliği, rolü, toplumsal ve aile yaşantısı içindeki konumuna değinmiştir. Bu hususlar dâhilinde, dönemin kadın algısını ve sosyo-kültürel gerçekliğini anlama imkânı tanıyan Pakize romanı, bu çalışmada toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında incelenecektir.
Beyond Food Prices: An Analysis On Sub-Indices
Authors: BERK Cem
Published: June 2022

The prices of food have increased globally recently. The goal of this chapter is to analyze the dynamics of food prices. The categories of food analyzed in this research are Meat, Dairy, Cereals, Oils, and Sugar. FAO Food index data is used for the period 1990-2021. One of the questions that come to mind is whether these categories of food are all correlated with each other. A critical analysis on these sub-indices helps to understand the relationships between the categories. The results of the study show that there are long term relationships between sub-indices of food prices. Granger causality results indicate that the price of sugar is affecting the price of cereals, whereas cereals are affecting sugar. The price of cereals is therefore important for food price stability according to research results.The results show the need for a planned agricultural policy, subsidies for low income households, and subsidies on energy prices.
Examination of the Relationship Between Cognitive Flexibility Skills and Teaching Motivations of Child Development Students
Authors: SEZGİN Esin , GÜRBÜZ Melike Durdane
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between child development students' cognitive flexibility skills and their motivation to teach. A quantitative research design was used in the study. The sample consists of 257 child development students continuing their education. In the research, Personal Information Form containing information about child development students, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) to determine cognitive flexibility levels, and Teaching Motivation Scale (TMS) to determine instructional motivation levels were used. As a result of the correlation analysis, it was revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the cognitive flexibility skills of child development students and their motivation for learning, and there was a low-to-moderate positive relationship between the ages of the children. child development students and cognitive flexibility skills, and alternative and control dimensions, which are two sub-dimensions. . In addition, a significant difference was found between men and women in the control sub-dimension of cognitive flexibility according to gender. It has been revealed that the cognitive flexibility and cognitive control levels of child development students differ significantly according to whether their mothers work or not, the order of their siblings, and their fathers' occupations.
Key Words: Child
Personalization of learning, the current situation and proposed solutions for Vietnamese education
Authors:   Lecture, Department of Business Administration, National Economics University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Published: June 2022

Learning is a natural human activity that is shaped by personal experiences, cognitive perceptions, personal formations, opinions, cultural background and environment. So learning is a personalized experience that allows a person to expand their knowledge, perspective, skills and understanding. Personalization of learning is an inevitable trend in the context of Industrial Revolution 4.0. To contribute to a better explanation of learning personalization, this study aims to synthesize and analyze the concepts related concepts, current situation and proposed solutions should be conducted during the development process Effective personalized teaching, especially applied to Vietnamese education.
The Effect of Capital Structure, Profitability, Size, Ownership Structure, Independent Commissioners and Audit Committee on Timeliness in Submitting Financial Statements (Empirical Study on Coal Mining Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (Idx) 2017-2019)
Authors:   University Mercu Buana
Published: June 2022

Financial Report is a record of financial information in a company during an accounting period that can be used to describe the company's performance as well as for decision making for internal & external parties of the company in determining the company's strategic decisions and plans to be carried out to maximize profits. One of the things that describe the situation in the company's finances is the timeliness in submitting financial statements. There are many phenomena regarding the timeliness in submitting financial reports, including 43 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) are required to pay fines for not submitting interim financial reports ending on March 31, 2020. Based on the IDX announcement dated August 10, 2020, from all 799 companies listed on the new stock exchange 628 that submitted interim financial reports ending March 31, 2020 in a timely manner.
Mathematical Values In Turkish High School Mathematics Textbooks
Authors: BAKIRCI Damla , BİBER Abdullah
Published: June 2022

This study aims to examine how mathematical values are represented in Turkish high school mathematics textbooks during the 2019-2020 academic year. A case study design was used in this study. The research examined a total of 2175 questions. Descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of qualitative data. The data was sorted into mathematical value pairs. Three complementary pairing of mathematical values are considered: rationality-objectivism, control-progress, and openness-mystery. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that the rationality-objectivism value pair is similar across all grade mathematics textbooks. The control value was also emphasized more than the progress value The openness value was highlighted more than complementary pairs of mystery values at the 9th, 10th, and 11th-grade levels. In comparison, the mystery value is emphasized more than the openness value in the 12th-grade textbook. As a result, it would be advisable to pay attention to the balanced distribution of complementary value pairs when considering the importance of mathematics values for mathematics textbooks.
MEDIA ALBUM FOTO UNTUK MELATIH KEMAMPUAN OTAK KIRI DAN OTAK KANAN SISWA TUNAGRAHITA
Authors: Lukitawati Eka Sari
Published: June 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan bagaimana pengembangan media album foto dapat melatih kemampuan otak kiri dan otak kanan siswa tunagrahita. Penelitian menggunakan model penelitian Thiagarajan atau di singkat 4D, terdiri dari Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SLB Negeri Kota Tegal dengan subjek siswa tunagrahita kelas satu. Pengumpulan data melalui tes dan non-tes dengan menggunakan instrumen uji kelayakan produk dan tes kemampuan. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa media album foto ini layak digunakan untuk melatih kemampuan otak siswa tunagrahita dengan nilai kontribusi dari penggunaan media sebesar 31,6% untuk kemampuan otak kiri dan 37, 3% untuk kemampuan otak kanan.
Analysis on the Next Generation of Artificial Intelligence Development Plan and Digital Financial Inclusion: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Aili , Sun Xinyu
Published: June 2022

Abstract

In 2017, the State Council of China released the Next Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan in order to seize the opportunity to develop artificial intelligence. Based on a panel dataset from 31 regions in China from 2014-2019, this study utilizes a difference-in-difference model to examine the impact of the release of the Next Generation of Artificial Intelligence Development Plan on the development of digital financial inclusion, and then utilizes a spatial difference-in-difference model to examine the spatial spillover effect of the release of the plan. In this study, results demonstrate that the release of the Next Generation of Artificial Intelligence Development Plan had a significant impact on the promotion of the development of digital financial inclusion, as indicated predominantly by the depth of its use and digitalization. Additionally, the spatial difference-in-difference analysis shows that the impact of this plan has a significant spatial spillover effect, which promotes the development of digital financial inclusion in the region, as well as increases the level of digital financial inclusion in the surrounding areas. The development of digital financial inclusion has been accompanied by a spatial agglomeration.

JEL classification numbers: O25, O33, R58.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Digital Financial Inclusion, Difference-in-Difference Model, Spatial Difference-in-Difference Model, Spatial Spillover Effect.
On the quantum properties of graphene-like quantum electrodynamics
Authors:   , Miranda Émerson da Silva
Published: June 2022

First, in Part I we study a Lorentz invariant version of a mass-gap graphene-like planar quantum electrodynamics, the parity-preserving U(1) x U(1) massive QEDs. In Chapter 3, was showed it exhibits attractive interaction in low-energy electron-polaron-electron- polaron s-wave scattering, favoring quasiparticles bound states, the s-wave bipolarons. Still in Part I in Chapter 4, was verified that the model is ultraviolet finiteness — exhibits vanishing 5-functions, associated to the gauge coupling constants (electric and pseudochiral charges) and the Chern-Simons mass parameter, and all the anomalous dimensions of the fields — as well as is parity and gauge anomaly free at all orders in perturbation theory. It was done adopting the Becchi-Rouet-Stora (BRS) algebraic renormalization method in the framework of Bogoliubov-Parasiuk-Hepp-Zimmermann (BPHZ) subtraction scheme. In the sequence, in Part II of the thesis, we deal with the parity-preserving U(1) x U(1) hybrid QEDs, proposed as a pristine graphene-like planar quantum elec- trodynamics model. In Chapter 5 was determined the spectrum as well as the four-fold broken degeneracy of the Landau levels, similar as the one experimentally observed in pristine graphene submitted to high applied external magnetic fields, besides that, was verified it exhibits zero-energy Landau level indicating a kind of anomalous quantum Hall effect. Furthermore, the electron-polaron-electron-polaron scattering potentials in s- and p-wave states mediated by photon and Néel quasiparticles might exhibit attractive (s-wave state) or repulsive (p-wave state) interactions. Already in Chapter 6 was analyzed the quantum parity conservation at all orders in perturbation theory for the hybrid model. It was proved, by using the Lowenstein-Zimmermann (LZ) subtraction scheme, that the Bogoliubov-Parasiuk-Hepp-Zimmermann-Lowenstein (BPHZL) renormalization method, preserves parity for the model. To finalize the Part II, in Chapter 7, was showed the vanishing of the 8-functions associated to the coupling constants (0. = O and 8, = 0), the mass parameter (8,,) and the anomalous dimensions of all fields (y4, = 0), as well as the absence of parity and gauge anomalies at all orders of perturbation theory. Closing the analysis of the UA(1) x Us(1) hybrid QEDs it is ultraviolet and infrared finite at all orders in perturbation theory. Keywords: Quantum Hall effect. Graphene. Three space-time dimensions. Algebraic renormalization. Quantum Electrodynamics.
لماذا لم يتشيّع المصريون تحت الحكم الفاطمي؟
Authors: MAHMOUD Ramy
Published: June 2022

يعتبر التاريخ الفاطمي أحد الفترات الأساسية للتاريخ الإسلامي لمصر، فلا نستطيع أن نتحدّث عن الحاضرة الثقافية لمصر مدينة القاهرة، دون ذكر مؤسسها جوهر الصقلي قائد الخليفة الفاطمي المعز لدين الله الفاطمي، فهو الذي بنى مدينة القاهرة لتكون الحاضنة الأولى للفاطميين وجهزها لمجيء المعز الفاطمي، وينطبق الأمر نفسه على الجامع الأزهر، الذي منذ تأسيسه حتى الآن اكتسب شهرة عالمية في العالم الإسلامي، على مر المراحل التاريخية، أضف إلى هذا الكثير من الآثار الفاطمية المنتشرة في القاهرة القديمة كالجوامع والمدارس والأزقة، فكل هذا يظهر عند التحدّث عن مصر بشكل عام وعن مصر الإسلامية بشكل خاص.

لقد سعى الفاطميون في الاستيلاء على القطر المصري كثيرًا حيث قامت حملتان عسكريتان من شمال إفريقيا إلى مصر باءت كلٌّ منهما بالفشل، ثم نجحت الحملة الثالثة بقيادة جوهر الصقلي بعد أن أعدَّ الخليفة الفاطمي المعزّ العدة هذه المرة ورتّب الجيش ترتيبًا جيدًا، وكان قد سبق ذلك بإرسال دعاة إلى هذه الجغرافيا عن طريق مدينة الإسكندرية وغيرها، يبشرون بزوال الدولة الإخشيدية ومجيء المنقذ من هذا الظلم والركود الاقتصادي الذي وقعت تحته مصر، وبعد أن وصل جوهر الصقلي القائد الفاطمي أسس مدينة القاهرة كي تستقبل الخليفة الفاطمي، ثم من بعده الجامع الأزهر، وقام بعدة إجراءات يحاول من خلالها إعلان السيطرة الفاطمية على القطر المصري.

هل سعى الفاطميون في فرض المذهب الشيعي الإسماعيلي على المصريين؟ نسعى من خلال هذا البحث في الإجابة على هذا السؤال، ولكي نصل إلى نتيجة سليمة، تطرَّق البحث أولا إلى إلقاء الضوء على التاريخ المذهبي لمصر قبل الدخول الفاطمي، كي يرى البحث ما نوع الميول الاعتقادية لدى المصريين في هذه الفترة، سنيّة كانت أو شيعية، ثم عرّج على الدخول الفاطمي لمصر؛ مركِّزًا على أهم الأحداث التي قام بها الفاطميون يظهر من خلالها أنهم كانوا يسعون بالفعل لفرض المذهب الإسماعيلي على المصريين، عن أن تأسيس القاهرة كان الهدف من ورائه أن تكون هذه المدينة مركزًا للإشعاع الإسماعيلي، فإن الجامع الأزهر وما لحقه من مكتبة احتوت على خزائن التراث الإسماعيلي مثَّل مركز انطلاق للفكر الإسماعيلي، وكانت الكتب الإسماعيلية تدرّس فيه بانتظام على يد الكثير من علماء الاعتقاد على رأسهم القاضي النعمان، وكانت عائلة القاضي تتولّى السيطرة الدعوية والعلمية والقضائية في البلاد.

لقد سعى وفدٌ من المصريين في أن يحصلوا على عهد من القائد الفاطمي جوهر الصقلي، يطمئنهم ويزيل مخاوفهم خاصة فيما يتعلق بمعتقداتهم وأمورهم الدينية، وبالفعل أصدر القائد الفاطمي هذا العهد الذي تضمّن الكثير من الأمور تطمئن المصريين، من بينها أن الصحابة من أجلِّ الناس عكس المعتقد الشيعي المشهور وأن كلا سيترك على معتقده، لكن ما لبث هذا العهد حتى اخترمته الكثير من الأمور.

يركّز بحثنا هنا على هذه الأمور التي كانت في غالبها شد وجذب، انقسم البحث إلى ثلاث نقاطٍ أساسية الأولى التاريخ المذهبي لمصر قبل الدخول الفاطمي، والثاني محاولات فرض المذهب الشيعي على المصريين، أما النقطة الأخيرة هي المقاومة أو الأمور التي حدثت عرقلة هذا الفرض، وكانت سببا في أن جعلت انحسار التأثير الفاطمي على الأبنية والجوامع والآثار الفاطمية
Ortak Hadisler Bağlamında Ehl-i sünnet ve Şîa’ya Göre Firâset Rivayetinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: TATLI Mustafa
Published: June 2022

Ehl-i sünnet ve Şîa arasındaki ortak noktalardan biri, sahip oldukları müşterek hadislerdir. Son yıllarda iki mezhebi yakınlaştırmanın bir aracı olarak görülen ortak rivayetlerden bahsedilse de detaylara inildiğinde lafız ve yorum bakımından bazı farklılıkların olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Müşterek hadislerin bir kısmı ise Şîa ve Ehl-i sünnette tamamen aynı lafızlarla nakledilmiştir. İki mezhep bu tür hadislerde anlam yönünden farklı değerlendirmelere gidebilmiştir. Şîa’daki bir hadisin lafız farklılıkları mezhep içi oluşumun takibini sağlarken bu durumun bir benzeri, Ehl-i sünnet için hadislere yüklenen yorumlarda görülmektedir. Bu tespitlerin müşahhas bir örneği olarak, iman kapsamındaki soyut kavramları içeren firâset hadisini ele almak mümkündür. İki bölümden oluşması planlan çalışmanın ilk kısmında firâset hadisinin Ehl-i sünnet içerisindeki sıhhat durumu ve hadise yüklenen anlam üzerinde durulmuştur. Hadis, tefsir ve tasavvuf kaynaklarının araştırılması neticesinde Sûfî alimlerin bu hadise daha fazla yoğunlaştıkları görülmüştür. Şîa ve Ehl-i sünnet kitaplarında neredeyse metin olarak aynı şekilde geçen firâset hadisi, Ehl-i sünnet içerisinde özellikle sûfîlerin bilgi elde etme yollarından firâset anlayışının delili olarak kabul edilmiştir.