bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long covid syndrome experienced by children in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Basra Mega Utami , Djafri Defriman , Putri Anggela Pradiva
Published: October 2023

In several countries, it has been found that people experienced symptoms of COVID-19 even after several weeks or months since they were declared cured or tested negative. This symptom is known as the long COVID-19 syndrome. This study aimed to get an overview of the long COVID-19 syndrome experienced by children. This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in West Sumatra, Indonesia in August-October 2021. The sample was 214 children younger than 18 years old. The results showed that after more than four weeks tested positive for COVID-19, 28.5% of children still have respiratory disorders, 26.2% experienced symptoms of sleep disorders, 23.4% of children experienced fatigue, 11.2% of children experienced symptoms of memory disorders, and 8.42% experienced symptoms of digestive disorders. Although not as much as in adults, this study shows that long COVID-19 syndrome can also occur in children. The clinical manifestations of long COVID-19 were varied in symptoms and can occur alone or in combination simultaneously. Parents should continue to optimize their child's time to rest even though they have declared negative for COVID-19 and keep an eye on the symptoms that still appear.
Burnout syndrome among COVID-19 vaccinators
Authors: Purwandari Retno , Ardiana Anisah , Afandi Alfid Tri , Kurniawan Dicky Endrian
Published: October 2023

Vaccinators, who are health workers, are continuing to make efforts to accelerate the achievement of the COVID-19 vaccination. This study aimed to analyze burnout syndrome among vaccinators. An analytical descriptive with a cross sectional approach was used. The number of samples using G*Power obtained 138 samples with the criteria of health workers who had been on the COVID-19 vaccinating team from public health centers (Puskesmas) and hospitals in Jember, Indonesia. The instrument used in this study was demographic data, factors causing burnout syndrome, and burnout syndrome. The statistical test is a correlative analysis (Spearman's rho, =0.05). Most of the respondents were aged 31-40 years, the majority were women, the majority were married, most came from the Puskesmas, more than half had worked >10 years, and more than half had been on the COVID-19 vaccine team for >18 months. There is a significant relationship between individual effort (p=0.039, r=-0.176) and organizational effort (p=0.009, r=-0.220) with burnout syndrome. However, the work environment was not significantly related to burnout syndrome (p=0.146, r=-0.124). Efforts are needed to reduce the incidence of burnout, especially those related to increasing individual welfare and significant organizational support so that the target for the COVID-19 vaccination is achieved.
Factors influencing healthcare workers' perceptions towards comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care
Authors: Yusrawati Yusrawati , Respati Titik , Sekarwana Nanan
Published: October 2023

In tertiary hospitals, comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care (CEmONC) provides subspecialty care for high-risk maternal and neonatal emergency cases. Healthcare workers (HCWs) play critical roles in hospital services, and their perception affects the quality of care they provide. Hence, this study was conducted to analyze the factors influencing HCWs’ perception regarding CEmONC in a tertiary referral hospital. This cross- sectional study used an electronic questionnaire distributed to 198 CEmONC team members. The sample was selected by convenience sampling, and those who had worked for at least one year were included. The collected data were then analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Among 119 HCWs, 52.9% had a positive perception towards CEmONC implementation at the hospital. The result of logistic regression analysis found that the significant factors contributing to HCWs’ positive perceptions were good knowledge (AOR=33.484; p=0.001), good attitude (AOR=55.834; p=0.009), high motivation (AOR=12.579; p=0.005), high expectations (AOR =27.106; p=0.002), and good actual performance (AOR=45.879; p=0.003). Age, gender, professional background, and the length of work experience werenot associated with HCWs’ perceptions (p>0.05). Therefore, hospital administrators must regularly evaluate these factors to improve the quality of CEmONC services in the hospital so that maternal and infant mortality rates can be reduced.
Psychometric attributes of WHOQOL-BREF among tuberculosis patients: Rasch model analysis
Authors: Sofiana Liena , Adi Mateus Sakundarno , Martini Martini , Raharjo Mursid
Published: October 2023

The World Health Organization quality of life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument has been used to assess several diseases, including chronic pain sufferers' quality of life. In Indonesia it can be utilized for evaluating the quality of life among tuberculosis (TBC) patients. This study aimed to assess the psychometric attributes of quality of life questionnaires among 123 respondents with TBC (56.9% males, 43.1% females) in Yogyakarta. This study employed the Rasch analysis technique for psychometric analysis. The findings indicate that six questions are biased in favour of the respondent's qualities. Four items do not statistically match an MNSQ (Mean-square or Standardized fit statistics) output value of >1.5 but are still acceptable (Pt. Meas Corr 0.3-0.8). Between the elements Q14-Q12 and Q12-Q21, there is a gap The responders' ability level is higher than the average problem difficulty level. The WHOQOL-BREF instrument revealed unidimensionality, and the evaluation scale worked properly when it was used with TBC patients with Cronbach's α value of 0.89. The WHOQOL-BREF scale continues to be appropriate for evaluating the patient quality of life since it has solid psychometric qualities.
Genetic polymorphism and the risk of diabetic foot: a bibliometric analysis from 2011-2021
Authors: Maliza Rita , Irham Lalu Muhammad , Pradika Jaka , Pratama Kharisma , Dania Haafizah , Arya Bramadi , Perwitasari Dyah Aryani
Published: October 2023

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) has been associated with genetic and environmental factors, which could potentially have a role in DFU development. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes linked to DFU, including inflammation. Bibliometric studies on the SNP on genes affecting DFU still have not been evaluated. This study aims to depict bibliographically and understand the topic trend of genetic polymorphism and the risk of DFU publications. A bibliometric methodology was applied in this study. The data were extracted through the Scopus database from 2011 to 2021. VOS viewer was used to classify and summarize Scopus articles. The 35 articles were evaluated. India topped the list of countries with the most publications, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences was the primary institution. Singh K and his team were the first contributing authors with 44 citations. Keywords analysis indicated that the research hotspots were DFU, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diabetic foot ulcers, polymorphisms, hypoxia, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), diabetic foot, diabetes mellitus, and oxidative stress. This study summarizes the current state, trends in genetic polymorphism and risk with DFU research. It may provide researchers with insight into the genetic polymorphism and risk associated with DFU research, as well as useful information for identifying possible collaborators and partner institutions.
Risk factors of infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 in Indonesia
Authors: Utami Windi Nurdiana , Simanjorang Chandrayani , Maghfiroh Adzkia Avicena , Andriana Bunga , Lestari Mugi Rahayu
Published: October 2023

evere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to mutate in Indonesia. The Omicron variant tends to have more cases but research related to this topic is still difficult to find. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for exposure to the Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study used a cross-sectional study design from SARS-CoV-2 surveillance data of the DKI Jakarta Health Office with a research sample of 3,480. Data analysis using Chi-square test followed by logistic regression test. The results found that men had a 1.82 higher risk of contracting the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 than women. Elderly and adults had a 16.99 higher risk and 4.71 higher risk of developing the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant compared to children (p-value <0.05). People with a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular had a 3.06, 3.05, and 4.56 higher risk of being infected with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 than those without a history of these comorbidities. It was concluded that the variable age is the riskiest factor. Vaccination does not reduce the risk of possible exposure to the Omicron variant, especially for those who are elderly, have a history of concomitant diseases, and are male.
Development of comfort instrument in breast cancer patients: mixed methods study
Authors: Purwati Yuni , Kustiningsih Kustiningsih
Published: October 2023

The discomfort in breast cancer patients can lead to depression and the desire to die early. The nurses need to know the patient's discomfort as a basis for providing interventions. Previous studies reported that there is no valid and reliable breast cancer comfort assessment instrument applied in Indonesia. This study aimed to produce a valid and reliable comfort assessment instrument for breast cancer patients. This research used mixed-methods; the qualitative stage started with in-depth interviews with five participants completed with Colaizzi analysis and after that a comfort instrument was developed. The instrument development results were tested for the reliability and validity by assessing the content validity index (CVI), Product Moment validity, and Cronbach's alpha reliability on 100 respondents which were selected by purposive sampling. The qualitative study found five basic themes of comfort assessment: physiological comfort, psycho-spiritual, environmental, socio-cultural, and economic. The total of 30 questionnaire items were produced. Product moment test, results of 29 items r count: 0.361 and Cronbach's alpha test results of 0.915. There were 29 items of instruments for assessing the comfort of breast cancer patients that were valid and reliable that can be applied in Indonesia
Mobile application for the control process of childhood anemia in time of the pandemic
Authors: Mancisidor-Bazán Leonel , Morales-Guillén Isaac , Cabanillas-Carbonell Michael
Published: October 2023

The objective of the research was to implement a mobile application for the control process of childhood anemia in times of pandemic, in order to have better medical control with faster care, better control of the diagnosis of anemia in children, and better performance and satisfaction. The following Scrum method was applied. The research has a quantitative approach, of experimental type. The sample consisted of 40 children. Results were obtained regarding time control in the speed of care, an increase of 10.2% was obtained; regarding the number of diagnoses, control, and follow-up in recovery there was an increase of 33.3% and finally regarding the control of performance and satisfaction with care there was an increase of 73.3%.
Fear and level of preparedness of medical care workers post lockdown in the realms of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sibal Prabhleen Kaur , Holla Sadhana Nittur , Holla Sarika Nittur
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 outbreak had placed an exceptional demand on the health system. They were flooded by an overabundance of activities related to controlling the pandemic. There was a need to conduct a study which acknowledged the fear and requirements of medical care workers to handle the patient load and not compromise on delivering health services to the public. This study was cross-sectional, observational with an online questionnaire based on framework provided by the centres for disease control and prevention, preparedness tools for healthcare professionals, facilities and how to cope with stress and build resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Majority of healthcare workers were doctors, interns and nurses under age group of 18-24. There was a significant association between health profession and preparedness of situation and preparedness of workplace. Majority were aware of COVID-19 treatment guidelines, received training in using personal protective equiment and were ready to isolate if there was contact with COVID-19 patient. Doctors held a fear of contacting the disease. Frontline workers, aged 45 years and less, females and married individuals expressed greater concerns of fear of disease at their workplace. Medical care workers at the frontline fighting the pandemic are more vulnerable and preparedness of the staff in health-care settings are crucial.
Characteristics of drug users admitted in Lido Rehabilitation Center during 2022
Authors: Putri Anzany Tania Dwi , Ayuningtyas Dumilah
Published: October 2023

The increasing trend of illicit drug use leaves a huge concern for health and behavioral changes, including in Indonesia. Rehabilitation is a series of treatments designed to help them recover from addiction and its impacts comprehensively. The present study aimed to explore the demographic characteristic and drug use profiles of clients admitted in Lido Rehabilitation Center, the national referral center for drug use treatment in Indonesia, during 2022. A survey study was carried out quantitatively using a 2022 database of client admission in February 2023. Descriptive analysis was performed to present the data as appropriate. The overall total of drug users was 592 clients (569 males, 23 females). The demographic characteristics were dominated by young adults (79.90%), voluntary (74.70%), Muslims (86.80%), high-school-to-higher graduates (74.70%), and employers (61.80%). The drug mostly used was methamphetamines (69.80%) with duration being less than 10 years (75.50%) and addiction level being mild-to-moderate (92.80%). The main reasons for starting drug use were peer/partner pressure (37.18%) and curiosity (29.92%). From this study, we can see that the trend of methamphetamine use in productive ages is still dominating in 2022. Further study is needed to evaluate the outcomes of the treatment they have received during the rehabilitation program.
COVID-19 pandemic impact on occupational health and safety in construction projects: evidence from Jakarta
Authors: Fatimah Putri , Sodri Ahyahudin , Hamzah Udi Syahnoedi
Published: October 2023

The construction industry is commonly perceived as high-risk and involves a large workforce. The COVID-19 poses an additional risk in construction projects to occupational health and safety. DKI Jakarta Province is the epicenter of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. This research examined the COVID-19 impact on occupational health and safety in construction projects. A quantitative approach was used, an online distribution questionnaire was conducted to construction workers in DKI Jakarta, with 74 workers participating, and the correlation analysis was using the software IBM SPSS. The result shows that the COVID-19 pandemic increases the risk of occupational health and safety and workers’ anxiety. However, it has had an indirect positive impact on workers’ behavior. Increasing workers’ awareness of occupational health, safety, and healthy lifestyles. The findings of this research provide evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic is a driving force for workers’ behavior changes and raises awareness of workplace safety and health concerns regarding construction projects.
Factors contributing to online game addiction in adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Nursalam Nursalam , Iswanti Dwi Indah , Agustiningsih Nia , Rohmi Faizatur , Permana Bhakti , Erwansyah Rio Ady
Published: October 2023

The excessive use of online games can disturb the psychological, physiological, and behavioral balance of adolescents. This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to online game addiction. On databases like Scopus (20 articles), ProQuest (113 articles), SAGE (214 articles), and Springer (596 articles), published within the last five years, a systematic review was carried out using the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design (PICOS) framework. The articles that were chosen employed empirical quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods research on young people who were addicted to online games and were published between 2018 and 2023. The review's inclusion criteria were met by 25 papers. Factors can increase the risk of adolescents experiencing online game addiction, including adolescent factors consisting of, adolescent life satisfaction, and duration of smartphone use, parenting and communication, parental support, and parental income, friendship relationships and the school environment. These findings are expected to serve as the foundation for parents and teenagers to identify the cause of problems in order to reduce harmful consequences. Nurses are expected to be able to identify elements that contribute to adolescent online game addiction and devise interventions to assist adolescents in liberating themselves.
A system to investigate and adjust profile pattern of computed tomography dose index along the longitudinal-axis
Authors: Anam Choirul , Amilia Riska , Naufal Ariij , Dwihapsari Yanurita , Dougherty Geoff
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study to develop software to extract and investigate the rofiles of the tube current and volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) along the longitudinal axis (z-axis). The tube current and CTDIvol were extracted from the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) header of every image along the longitudinal axis. We evaluated the profiles of the tube current and CTDIvol from eight computed tomography (CT) scanners. If the CTDIvol did not fluctuate along the fluctuation of the tube currents, then the system will adjust the CTDIvol with tube currents. It is found that TCM is not always activated. If TCM is activated, the profiles of TCM vary from one scanner to another. The Siemens and Philip scanners have adjusted the CTDIvol profile with tube current, but the Toshiba scanner has not. By developed software, CTDIvol profile of the Toshiba can be easily adjusted. In conclusion, software to investigate the profile pattern of CTDIvol along the longitudinal axis has been successfully developed. The software is easy to use and works quickly. From this study, medical staff must be careful when using the CTDIvol along longitudinal axis contained in each DICOM header.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dental staff in south Malaysia
Authors: Kumareswaran Suriya , Muhadi Siti Umairah , Retnam Sathiya Kumaran Vijaya , Sathasivam Jeyanthini , Sundram Bala Murali
Published: October 2023

The dental industry poses ergonomic health concerns, leading to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among staff. This study aims to assess MSD incidence and related sociodemographic and occupational hazard factors among dental practitioners in Johor, Malaysia. A cross-sectional investigation in December 2022 included 382 dental officers from government and commercial sectors. Participants comprised 79.2% females, 72.3% Malays, 97.4% non-smokers, and 92.4% working in dental clinics. MSD was most prevalent in the neck, shoulder, and lower back regions. Logistic regression revealed higher neck pain probability among smokers and a positive association between back pain and standing while working. Poisson regression indicated an inverse relationship between exercise frequency and MSD pain occurrence. Regular physical activity correlated with lower body mass index (BMI) and reduced MSD pain. The study underscores the importance of ergonomic interventions and promoting exercise to prevent MSD and enhance the well-being of dental staff in Johor, Malaysia. Understanding the factors contributing to MSD among dental practitioners is crucial for implementing effective preventive measures and improving overall occupational health in the dental industry.
Systematic literature review of healthcare services for the elderly: trends, challenges, and application scenarios
Authors: Guo Bo , Shukor Nur Syufiza Ahmad , Ishak Irny Suzila
Published: October 2023

In recent years, healthcare for the elderly has received attention from researchers worldwide in the context of global aging. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of healthcare services for older people from 2019 to 2023, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to screen published papers in the Web of Science database, and identifies three different application scenarios for healthcare services for older people after analyzing the research objectives of the selected papers. This study examined the common health problems and needs of older adults, and the key parameters used to assess healthcare services for this population. This review also explores how healthcare providers can promote healthy aging and prevent age-related diseases in older patients. This study further evaluates the background and application areas of the papers and explains the methodology of the main ideas proposed in the studies. The review concludes with an analysis of the main trends and challenges that are likely to emerge in healthcare services for older people.
Blood Pressure and Oxygen Targets on Kidney Injury After Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Rasmussen Sebastian Buhl , Jeppesen Karoline Korsholm , Kjaergaard Jesper , Hassager Christian , Schmidt Henrik , Mølstrøm Simon , Beske Rasmus Paulin , Grand Johannes , Ravn Hanne Berg , Winther-Jensen Matilde , Meyer Martin Abild Stengaard , Møller Jacob Eifer
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a common and serious complication to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The importance of post-resuscitation care targets for blood pressure and oxygenation for the development of AKI is unknown.

METHODS:

This is a substudy of a randomized 2-by-2 factorial trial, in which 789 comatose adult patients who had out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with presumed cardiac cause and sustained return of spontaneous circulation were randomly assigned to a target mean arterial blood pressure of either 63 or 77 mm Hg. Patients were simultaneously randomly assigned to either a restrictive oxygen target of a partial pressure of arterial oxygen (Pa
o
2
) of 9 to 10 kPa or a liberal oxygenation target of a Pa
o
2
of 13 to 14 kPa. The primary outcome for this study was AKI according to KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) classification in patients surviving at least 48 hours (N=759). Adjusted logistic regression was performed for patients allocated to high blood pressure and liberal oxygen target as reference.

RESULTS:

The main population characteristics at admission were: age, 64 (54–73) years; 80% male; 90% shockable rhythm; and time to return of spontaneous circulation, 18 (12–26) minutes. Patients allocated to a low blood pressure and liberal oxygen target had an increased risk of developing AKI compared with patients with high blood pressure and liberal oxygen target (84/193 [44%] versus 56/187 [30%]; adjusted odds ratio, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.21–2.89]). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that the increased risk of AKI was only related to mild-stage AKI (KDIGO stage 1). There was no difference in risk of AKI in the other groups. Plasma creatinine remained high during hospitalization in the low blood pressure and liberal oxygen target group but did not differ between groups at 6- and 12-month follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:

In comatose patients who had been resuscitated after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, patients allocated to a combination of a low mean arterial blood pressure and a liberal oxygen target had a significantly increased risk of mild-stage AKI. No difference was found in terms of more severe AKI stages or other kidney-related adverse outcomes, and creatinine had normalized at 1 year after discharge.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03141099.
A review of the infrageneric classifications proposed for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) from the earliest times up to 2000
Authors: SMITH GIDEON F.
Published: October 2023

The infrageneric classifications, especially at the ranks of subgenus, section, and subsection proposed for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) from the early 1800s up to the end of the 20th century, are analysed. The pertinent works of especially Haworth (1820s); Baillon (1880s); Raymond-Hamet, Koorders, and Berger (all three from the early 1900s to 1930s); Boiteau and as elaborated on by Boiteau and Mannoni (1940s); Raymond-Hamet and Marnier-Lapostolle (1960s); Maire (1970s); and Boiteau and Allorge-Boiteau (1990s) are assessed to clarify the use of infrageneric ranks by these authors. From this analysis of the infrageneric classification of Kalanchoe during a period of about 250 years, it is evident that, with the exception of: (1) one validly published unranked name published by Baillon in 1885; (2) one subgenus name validly published by Koorders in 1919; (3) several unranked names validly published by Alwin Berger in 1930; and (3) two new combinatons validly published by Boiteau in 1947 at the rank of section and two new combinatons validly published by Boiteau in 1947 at the rank of subsection, all other such designations that were proposed between 1 January 1935 and 1 January 1953 were not validly published. The dates 1 January 1935 (Art. 39.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants [ICN], Latin requirement) and 1 January 1953 (aspects of Articles 35 and 41 of the ICN, on new combinations, names at new ranks, and replacement names) are significant in determining the valid publication of historically proposed new names and new combinations. Furthermore, all the names proposed for infrageneric groups in Kalanchoe that postdate 1 January 1953, and up to 2000, the cutoff date used in this paper, were not validly published (aspects of Art. 41 of the ICN, on new combinations, names at new ranks, and replacement names) or were proposed informally only and not intended for valid publication. Note, especially, that neither of the two infrageneric designations proposed in 1916 and 1933, respectively, by Raymond-Hamet, the undisputed authority on Kalanchoe during the 20th century, were validly published.
Eumasia venefica sp. nov. a new species of the subfamily Eumasiinae (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) from India with atypical larval ecology
Authors: UNNIKRISHNAN USHA AYYATH , SOBCZYK THOMAS , JOSE ROBY THEKKUDAN , JOSE JOYCE
Published: October 2023

A new species of bagworm moth, Eumasia venefica sp. nov., from the subfamily Eumasiinae, is described from Kerala, India. This species has a peculiar larval ecology, larval case structure and an association with lichens. The paper describes the detailed taxonomy of the adult and the larval stages of the species.
On the identity of Pardosa consimilis Nosek, 1905 with a first description of the male and notes on two related species (Araneae: Lycosidae)
Authors: NAUMOVA MARIA , DELTSHEV CHRISTO
Published: October 2023

More than a hundred years after its description in 1905, the wolf spider Pardosa consimilis Nosek, 1905 was known solely from the original description of a single female, the holotype. In the last decade there were reports of the species from Bulgaria. Several reports followed with possible records of the yet-unknown males but they were not described; these came from four countries at least: North Macedonia, Georgia, Albania and most recently from Iran. Pardosa consimilis belongs to the monticola group and can be assigned to separate albatula-complex. The aim of this article is to provide a description for the male of Pardosa consimilis for the first time and to redescribe the female, in comparison with its closest congeners P. albatula (Roewer, 1951) and P. blanda (C. L. Koch, 1833).
The known species of the genus Achagua Rindge, 1983, with the description of three new species from the Neotropics (Geometridae: Ennominae)
Authors: MATSON TANNER A.
Published: October 2023

The previously monotypic geometrid genus Achagua (Ennominae: Nacophorini) is reviewed following the discovery of three undescribed species. New species are as follows: A. cooperae n. sp. described from Costa Rica, A. magna n. sp. described from Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; and Achagua velata n. sp. described from French Guiana. Available COI barcode data is briefly reviewed, and adult and genitalic illustrations are provided for each of the four known species.
Zhanglu and Tsalu / ཞང་གླུ་དང་ཚ་གླུ། / 送亲辞和迎亲辞
Authors: Tso Bendi , Gyatso Marnyi , Tsering Naljor , Turin Mark , Members of the Choné Tibetan Community
Published: October 2023

This chapter consists of ‘Zhanglu’ and ‘Tsalu’, also known as the ‘Song of the Wife Giver’ and ‘Song of the Wife Taker’, that are performed on wedding days. The lyrics focus on the series of actions taken by the groom to receive the bride as well as the steps taken by maternal uncles to escort the bride to the groom’s house. The content emphasizes both the challenging and entertaining aspects of the wedding ceremony and praises the courage and wit of the maternal uncles and groom.
Effects of Wind Stress Uncertainty on Short-Term Prediction of the Kuroshio Extension State Transition Process
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Qiang , Mu Mu , Zhang Kun , Geng Yu
Published: October 2023

Based on the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation for boundary condition method and Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), this study investigates the influence of wind stress uncertainty on predicting the short-term state transitions of the Kuroshio Extension (KE). The optimal time-dependent wind stress errors that lead to maximum prediction errors are obtained for two KE stable-to-unstable and two reverse transitions, which exhibit local multieddies structures with decreasing magnitude as the end time of prediction approaches. The optimal boundary errors initially induce small oceanic errors through Ekman pumping. Subsequently, these errors grow in magnitude as oceanic internal processes take effect, which exerts significant influences on the short-term prediction of the KE state transition process. Specifically, during stable-to-unstable (unstable-to-stable) transitions, the growing error induces an overestimation (underestimation) of the meridional sea surface height gradient across the KE axis, leading to the predicted KE state being more (less) stable. Furthermore, the dynamics mechanism analysis indicates that barotropic instability is crucial for the error growth in the prediction of both the stable-to-unstable and the reverse transition processes due to the horizontal shear of flow field. But work generated by wind stress error plays a more important role in the prediction of the unstable-to-stable transitions because of the synergistic effect of strong wind stress error and strong oceanic error. Eventually, the sensitive areas have been identified based on the optimal boundary errors. Reducing wind stress errors in sensitive areas can significantly improve prediction skills, offering theoretical guidance for devising observational strategies.
Eddy Acceleration and Decay Driven by Internal Tides
Authors: Shakespeare Callum J.
Published: October 2023

Recent observations and numerical simulations have demonstrated the potential for significant interactions between mesoscale eddies and smaller-scale tidally generated internal waves—also known as internal tides. Here, we develop a simple theoretical model that predicts the one-way upscale transfer of energy from internal tides to mesoscale eddies through a critical level mechanism. We find that—in the presence of a critical level—the internal tide energy flux into an eddy is partitioned according to the wave frequency Ω and local inertial frequency f: a fraction of 1 − f/Ω is transferred to the eddy kinetic energy, while the remainder is viscously dissipated or supports mixing. These predictions are validated by comparison with a suite of numerical simulations. The simulations further show that the wave-driven energization of the eddies also accelerates the onset of hydrodynamical instabilities and the breakdown of the eddies, thereby increasing eddy kinetic energy, but reducing eddy lifetimes. Our estimates suggest that in regions of the ocean with both significant eddy fields and internal tides—such as parts of the Gulf Stream and Antarctic Circumpolar Current—the critical level effect could drive a ∼10% month−1 increase in the kinetic energy of a typical eddy. Our results provide a basis for parameterizing internal tide–eddy interactions in global ocean models where they are currently unrepresented.
How is Flash Drought Understood?—Experts’ Definitions and Decision-Makers’ Perceptions
Authors: Schwartz Caily , Haigh Tonya , Svoboda Mark , Goebel Madeline
Published: October 2023

Because flash drought is a relatively new phenomenon in drought research, defining the concept is critical for scientists and decision-makers. Having detrimental impacts on many sectors, it is important to have a consistent definition and understanding of flash drought, between experts and stakeholders, to provide early warning to the community. This study focuses on onset and progression of conditions and demonstrates the difference in flash drought identification for 15 events across six quantitative definitions of flash drought that use the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM). Five flash drought events have been studied in the literature while 10 additional events have been perceived as flash drought by stakeholders. The results show that two of six definitions consistently capture the earliest onset of flash drought and include a large percent area in the identification. A qualitative analysis of management challenges and needs determined by stakeholders was completed using survey data. The results found that managing impacts and better communication and education were the top challenges and more data and enhanced and efficient communication as the top needs to better monitor, manage, and respond to flash droughts. The results demonstrate the need for assessing the characteristics of the definitions to enhance communication and monitoring strategies for large and small-scale flash droughts.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to better understand how different numerical flash drought definitions characterize multiple flash drought events and how these definitions are useful in addressing the needs and challenges of stakeholders. This is important because definitions may capture different areas in flash droughts, which can impact how end users identify a flash drought. Further, this study uses events identified by the literature and by people familiar with drought monitoring. From these findings, definitions that capture flash drought earliest would help address the challenge of rapid onset and the need of quicker data. Further, definitions by sector would be beneficial to address the scale of impacts. This study identifies the importance of definitions for early warning systems.
Validation of the Randox colorimetric assays for serum copper and zinc
Authors: Handley Simon A , Wanandy Troy , Prentice Louise
Published: October 2023

Background

Serum copper and zinc are measured to assess deficiency and toxicity. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry methods are expensive and require highly trained staff. Colorimetric assays are available from Randox which are inexpensive and can be automated. We validated serum copper and zinc colorimetric assays on the Binding Site Optilite analyser including comparison with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Methods

Accuracy, imprecision, lower limit of quantitation, and linearity were ascertained. The impact of triglycerides, bilirubin, nickel, and iron on assay performance was also investigated. Comparison of results from colorimetric analysis of patient and external quality assurance samples with those obtained by FAAS and ICP-MS was undertaken.

Results

Intra-, and inter-assay imprecision was <9%. Serum copper and zinc assays were linear between 1.8–35.6 and 2.3–45.7 µmol/L, respectively. Agreement was good between colorimetry and FAAS (intercept = -0.7, slope = 1.04) and ICP-MS (intercept = 0.6, slope = 0.99) for serum copper in patients’ samples. For serum zinc, agreement was poor between colorimetry and FAAS (intercept = 2.2, slope = 0.87) and ICP-MS (intercept = 1.9, slope = 0.98) in patients’ samples. There was a poor concordance in assessment of hypozincaemia between colorimetry and FAAS/ICP-MS.

Conclusion

The Randox colorimetric assay for serum copper on the Optilite is simple to perform, has a short analysis time, and measured concentrations compare well with FAAS and ICP-MS. Due to poor agreement with FAAS and ICP-MS, colorimetry is not suitable for the measurement of serum zinc.
Fatigue and durability assessment of PA6-based carbon fiber composites for lightweight applications
Authors: Morgado Guilherme Ferreira de Melo , Montagna Larissa Stieven , Gouvêa Ricardo Francisco , Guimarães Alessandro , Passador Fabio Roberto , Rezende Mirabel Cerqueira
Published: October 2023

The use of lightweight structural elements across various industries has seen significant progress due to the adoption of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs). Among these, polyamide 6 (PA6) stands out as a prevalent thermoplastic polymer, renowned for its exceptional processability, favorable mechanical attributes, and cost-effectiveness. These qualities position it as a compelling candidate for serving as a matrix material in CFRPs. Nevertheless, as these composites find application in the development of lightweight automotive components, there arises a need for a more comprehensive comprehension of their mechanical characteristics and responses under diverse loading scenarios, encompassing fatigue behavior. So, this study investigated the mechanical behavior of CFRP based on the PA6 matrix under tensile and fatigue loading. The volumetric fractions of CF, PA6 matrix, and voids of the CF/PA6 composites were determined by acid digestion analysis, and the values of 48%, 51.6%, and 0.4%, respectively, indicated the good quality of the studied laminate. Tensile tests showed good repeatability, and the results were used to establish fatigue limits at a ratio (R) of 0.1. Fatigue tests showed that the CFRP had an infinite life of 1 million cycles at a stress level of 75%. Fractographic analysis revealed that specimens tested at lower levels of fatigue had better fracture aspects compared to those tested at higher levels. These findings contribute to the understanding of the fatigue behavior of CFRP with PA6 matrix and provide insights for their potential use in applications for lightweight structures.
Assessing Determinants of Shifting Attitudes on Drug Policy Reform in Maine
Authors: Glover Robert W. , Sporer Karyn
Published: October 2023

There is growing recognition that our decades-long “war on drugs” has not only been a policy failure but has made our societal drug crisis worse. This is painfully evident in our response to the opioid epidemic. Efforts at comprehensive policy reform are likely to emerge first at the state and local levels. We collaborated with policy advocates and practitioners to study policy perspectives of registered Maine voters, and to investigate determinants of receptivity to drug policy reforms rooted in decriminalization and harm reduction. Our results suggest that while political ideology still impacts one’s perspective on these issues, increased exposure to those with substance use disorder reduces stigma, resulting in increasingly broad, bipartisan support for policy reform. We conclude with a discussion on how policymakers addressing overdose and substance use disorder at the state and local level should consider implementing and funding evidence-based alternative approaches such as decriminalization and harm reduction.
How High-Arousal Language Shapes Micro- Versus Macro-Influencers’ Impact
Authors: Cascio Rizzo Giovanni Luca , Villarroel Ordenes Francisco , Pozharliev Rumen , De Angelis Matteo , Costabile Michele
Published: October 2023

Influencer marketing is a popular strategy to connect with consumers. However, influencers’ use of overly high-arousal language in promoting products (e.g., “it's totally AMAZING!”) has raised questions about their true motivations. This article investigates how high-arousal language in micro- versus macro-influencers’ sponsored posts might shape engagement. A multimethod approach, combining automated text, image, video, and audio analyses of thousands of Instagram and TikTok posts with controlled experiments, demonstrates that high-arousal language increases engagement with micro-influencers, but it decreases engagement with macro-influencers, seemingly because it makes micro- (macro-) influencers appear more (less) trustworthy. Yet the negative effect of arousal for macro-influencers can be mitigated if their posts provide counterbalanced valence (both positive and negative assessments) or if they indicate an informative, rather than commercial, goal. These findings deepen understanding of how language arousal shapes consumer responses, reveal a psychological mechanism through which language arousal affects perceptions, and provide actionable insights for crafting more effective social media content.
Multidimensional Perfectionism and Facial Symmetry, Attractiveness and Approachability: Comparing Those With High Versus Low Dysmorphic Concerns
Authors: Toh Wei Lin , Lam Sandy , Mangano Madeleine , Rossell Susan L.
Published: October 2023

Concerns pertaining to one’s physical appearance or specific body parts is not uncommon in the community. Whether such dissatisfaction is related to superior (or inferior) face perception abilities, or interacts with related constructs, such as perfectionism, is unknown. The current study aimed to investigate whether multidimensional perfectionism (e.g. involving concern over mistakes or doubts over actions) and facial ratings differed in those with high versus low dysmorphic concerns (i.e. excessive preoccupation about perceived physical flaws). Respondents ( N = 343) from the community took part in an online study, comprising questionnaires assessing dysmorphic concerns and perfectionism. They also completed a face perception task involving symmetry, attractiveness and approachability ratings for a series of faces, some of which had been digitally manipulated to yield differing degrees of symmetry. Respondents were divided into those with high ( n = 147) versus low ( n = 196) dysmorphic concerns. Group comparisons using analyses of variance were conducted. Those with high dysmorphic concerns exhibited significantly elevated overall perfectionism (as well as on facets involving concern over mistakes, personal standards, parental perceptions and doubts over actions). No significant group differences were uncovered for the face perception task, involving ratings of symmetry, attractiveness and approachability. Perfectionism differences existed in a non-clinical sample with high dysmorphic concerns, though further work is needed to elucidate consistent patterns regarding perfectionism facets. More research examining face perception deficits on the clinical end of the body image spectrum, such as in those with body dysmorphic disorder, as well as utilising alternate task versions involving self-referential stimuli, are recommended.
Public sphere and global governance
Authors: Zürn Michael
Published: October 2023

This paper is about the effects of the absence and the possibility of the emergence of a normatively meaningful political public sphere. The effects of the lack of a global public sphere are far-reaching. Namely, the current crisis of global governance and the global political system can be traced back to the absence of a normatively meaningful public sphere that can mediate between global society and the authoritative institutions of global governance. At the same time, I argue that the absence of the public sphere is not primarily due to the population’s attitudes trapped in national horizons but must be primarily attributed to the deficient institutional structure of the global political system.
Supervised Bayesian specification inference from demonstrations
Authors: Shah Ankit , Kamath Pritish , Li Shen , Craven Patrick , Landers Kevin , Oden Kevin , Shah Julie
Published: October 2023

When observing task demonstrations, human apprentices are able to identify whether a given task is executed correctly long before they gain expertise in actually performing that task. Prior research into learning from demonstrations (LfD) has failed to capture this notion of the acceptability of a task’s execution; meanwhile, temporal logics provide a flexible language for expressing task specifications. Inspired by this, we present Bayesian specification inference, a probabilistic model for inferring task specification as a temporal logic formula. We incorporate methods from probabilistic programming to define our priors, along with a domain-independent likelihood function to enable sampling-based inference. We demonstrate the efficacy of our model for inferring specifications, with over 90% similarity observed between the inferred specification and the ground truth—both within a synthetic domain and during a real-world table setting task.
Internalized Homonegativity, Emotion Dysregulation, and Physical Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration: A Psychological Mediation Framework-Based Model
Authors: Trombetta Tommaso , Rollè Luca
Published: October 2023

Same-sex intimate partner violence (SSIPV) is still under-investigated despite its spreading. Unique risk factors, such as internalized homonegativity, have been found to be related to physical SSIPV perpetration. However, the mechanisms that regulate this association are still unclear. Drawing from the psychological mediation framework (PMF), this paper aimed to explore the relationship between internalized homonegativity and physical SSIPV perpetration, assessing the mediating role of emotion dysregulation. In all, 139 gay and lesbian participants involved in same-sex relationships participated in the study by completing a self-administered online questionnaire. Mediation analyses were used to assess both the direct and indirect effects. Internalized homonegativity was not directly associated with physical SSIPV perpetration. However, internalized homonegativity was positively associated with emotion dysregulation, which, in turn, was positively associated with physical SSIPV perpetration. The indirect effect of internalized homonegativity on physical SSIPV perpetration through emotion dysregulation was also confirmed. The results that emerged extend the application of the PMF to SSIPV. The data found can inform both preventive interventions and treatments targeting SSIPV perpetrators to reduce the phenomenon and limit recidivism.