bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRANSFORMATION OF RESIDENTIAL HOUSINGS FROM THE REAL ESTATE BUBBLE INTO NEARLY-ZERO-ENERGY BUILDINGS: CASE STUDIES
Authors: CEREZO NARVAEZ ALBERTO , PIÑERO VILELA JOSE  MARIA , RODRIGUEZ JARA ENRIQUE ANGEL , OTERO MATEO MANUEL , PASTOR  FERNANDEZ ANDRES , BALLESTEROS PEREZ PABLO
Published: October 2020

Spanish residential buildings built during the real estate bubble (200-2009) complied with the Spanish Basic Building Standard on building thermal conditions NBE-CT-79. In 2006, the Basic Energy Saving Document of the Spanish Technical Building Code (CTE-DB-HE) came into effect. This code developed the Spanish Organic Law on Buildings 38/1999 and it was also much more restrictive. Recently, this regulatory framework has been updated by the Spanish Royal Decree 732/2019 on energy efficiency. This Royal Decree transposes European Directives 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2018/844/EU on nearly-zero-energy consumption buildings (NZEB). In this paper, the energy, emissions and economic impact caused by this legislation change on a standard semi-detached house in the 153 cities of Andalusia is analyzed. In each location, the household’s original thermal behavior with the compliant with current legislation is compared. The calculations are performed with HULC energy simulation tool and the European PVGIS climate data, considering the most adverse orientations. The house adaptation involves a partial modification of the envelope, the inclusion of solar-thermal energy for the domestic hot water supply (DHW) and photovoltaic energy to reduce electricity consumption. Results show that European objectives are largely exceeded. Energy savings vary between 81% and 146%, emissions improve between 71% and 128% and the electricity and natural gas bill is reduced between 67% and 123%.

Keywords: Spanish real estate bubble, energy efficiency, nearly-zero-energy building, thermal envelope, thermal insulation, solar-thermal energy, photovoltaic energy, technical building code, housing rehabilitation, Andalusia.
Implementation of hermeneutic circle in heterogeneous screen text
Authors: Evgrafova Yuliya Aleksandrovna
Published: October 2020

The object of this research is the hermeneutic circle of screen text. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of its implementation in screen text through the plot in terms of dramaturgical representation of the reality. Particular attention is given to the analysis of playing form of screen narrative – such heterogeneous screen texts as film-, tele- and video texts on the Internet. The course of the research is demonstrated on the example of the movie “Green book”, the news broadcast of 05.03.2020 “Weekly events in 60 minutes”, TikTok videotext by the user @darimbs of 03.08.2020. The author meticulously describes and analyzes the plotline of these texts, through which is implemented the hermeneutic circle. The novelty of this work consists in viewing the heterogeneous screen texts from the perspective of their implementation in linear explication of multi-component structure of hermeneutic circle on the screen. The author's special contribution to examination of heterogeneous screen texts lies in inclusion into the corpus of research materials of Interne text, besides the film texts and teletexts, which allows to comprehensively study the peculiarities of dramaturgical representation of the reality in all forms of screen narrative. It is discovered that the narrative is incorporated into the screen text – in terms of its creation, the author selects an event line of the objectively true reality, which places the constitutive elements of hermeneutic circle on the screen in the sequence of frames, and the meaning is conveyed indirectly through the plot. The conducted analysis of screen text from the standpoint of implementation of hermeneutic circle, allows identifying the latent meanings, as well as reconstructing the broad idea of the text.
Corrigendum: On Summing Formulas for Generalized Fibonacci and Gaussian Generalized Fibonacci Numbers
Authors: Soykan Y¨uksel
Published: October 2020

In this paper, closed forms of the summation formulas for generalized Fibonacci and Gaussian generalized Fibonacci numbers are presented. Then, some previous results are recovered as particular cases of the present results. As special cases, we give summation formulas of Fibonacci, Lucas, Pell, Pell-Lucas, Jacobsthal, Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers and Gaussian Fibonacci, Gaussian Lucas, Gaussian Pell, Gaussian Pell-Lucas, Gaussian Jacobsthal, Gaussian Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers.
Vermicompost-enriched Substrate Improves the Production of Milky Mushroom (Calocybe indica)
Authors: Sarker Salma , Mafi Abdullah Hel , Sarker Nirod Chandra , Momotaz Rumana , Shompa Bodrun Nessa , Aminuzzaman F. M.
Published: October 2020

Aims: We investigated most suitable substrate (wheat and rice straw) enriched with vermicompost and their different levels (10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) for enhancing production of milky mushroom. 

Study Design: The experiment was designed by following single factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). 

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in a mushroom culture house to observe the growth and productivity of highly potential milky mushroom by using different vermicompost enriched substrate during March-October, 2017

Methodology: Based on the different treatment combinations the quantity of substrate and vermicompost on volume basis were used per packet with 5% spawn. Coco dust was used as casing material. After incubation, matured fruiting bodies were harvested and data were recorded on growth and yield parameters.

Results: The addition of vermicompost with rice substrates improved the diameter of pelius 32-74%, thickness of pelius 26- 60%, diameter of stipe 24-55% and length of stipe 25 to 95% relative to the unsupplemented substrate. Similarly, vermicompost supplementation with wheat straw substrates increased the diameter of pelius 27-71%, thickness of pelius 11- 40%, diameter of stipes 21-56% and length of stipe 17- 72% relative to the unsupplemented substrate at any harvest. Supplementation of vermicompost reduced the duration for spawn run 11-55% in wheat straw and 11- 49%  in rice straw compared with non-supplemented one. Furthermore, pin head initiation became quicker 26- 66% in wheat straw and 15- 61% in rice straw. In addition, total number of fruiting body increased from 6- 82% in wheat straw supplemented with different doses of vermicompost, while rice straw increased total number of fruiting body ranged from 17- 39% compared to unsupplemented one. The addition of 10%, 25%, 50% and 75% levels of vermicompost with wheat straw increased the fresh yield of C. indica by 23%, 54%, 121% and 73%, respectively compared to wheat straw alone; however, similar levels of vermicompost with rice straw increased the fresh yield of C. indica by 31% , 63%, 112% and 87%, respectively compared to rice straw alone. The biological efficiency of C. indica also did exhibit significant differences ranged between 65-160% among different levels of vermicompost supplementation with rice and wheat straw substrates.

Conclusion: The result revealed that increasing the vermicompost level lead to a less biological efficiency and yield, but it remains higher than the control (straw alone). It is additionally conceivable that the application of vermicompost to substrates with lower levels would provide an even better yield, without adversely affecting the bioefficiency of the harvested mushrooms. These judges, however, need more work to validate reliability.
Phytochemical and Toxicity Analysis of Ricinus communis
Authors: Elijah Joshua, P. , Somadina Chukwuka, R. , Arazu A. V. , Godfrey Ngoga , Ogwuegbu M. C. , Cosmas S.
Published: October 2020

Medicinal plants play a vital role in ensuring proper health is attained by human beings due to their antioxidants constituents. The large family Euphorbiaceae contain nearly about 300 genera and 7,500 species. Amongst all, Ricinus communis or castor bean plant has high traditional and medicinal values towards a disease-free community. The objective of this study focuses on the phytochemical constituents and  phytotoxicity perspective of the R. communis plant. The castor bean plant is effective and is thought to have antifertility, anti-nociceptive, anticancer, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hepato-protective, antidiabetic, antiulcer, antimicrobial bone regeneration, central analgesic, antihistamine, anti-asthmatic, cytotoxic, lipolytic, anti-inflammatory and wound healing potential. The seeds of R. communis were deshelled and manually separated from its shells. They were divided into three based on different methanol extraction (Fermented, Unfermented and Crystals of methanol extracts of unfermented). The quantitative phytochemical analysis showed variations in the phytochemical content of the unfermented and fermented methanol extracts respectively, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, soluble carbohydrates, hydrogen cyanides, steroids and phenols.
Molecular Characterisation of Bacterial Isolates from Vegetable, Cow Milk and Locust Bean Samples
Authors: Ihum T. A. , Efunwole O. O. , Olarewaju S. O. , Akinro E. B. , Adebayo O. R. , Abiona M. A.
Published: October 2020

Molecular characterization involves characterization at molecular level without any effect of environment or development or physiological state of the organism. Biochemical characterization is the characterization of the biochemical state of the organism, which is in fact affected by environment, development as well as physiological state. The objective of this study was to molecularly characterize bacteria isolated from certain food samples. Five bacteria isolates were obtained from the vegetable samples while two LAB isolates were obtained from cow milk and locust bean samples. The bacteria isolates were identified using 16SRNA GENE sequencing using the BLAST algorithm and were identified as Staphylococcus aureus CIP 9973; Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pec 1; Enterobacter cloacae AS10 Klebsiella aerogenes OFM28; Escherichia coli 2013C-3342; Proteus mirabilis UPMSD3; Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116; Lactobacillus plantarum NRIC 0383. Characterization of bacteria isolates to molecular level is of enormous advantage as it helps to know the exact genus of a particular organism.
Community, Dominant Tree Species Leaf Phenology and Seasonality in a Tropical Dry Forest, India
Authors: Nanda Appaji , Suresh Hebbalalu S. , Murthy Yelugere L. Krishna
Published: October 2020

Aims: Plant phenology is a tool to assess climate variability, but less is known about the differences in phenological sensitivity at community, life-form and individual species level. The aim of the present study is to know the contribution of individual, life-form leaf phenophases within the community.

Methodology: The leaf phenology of tropical dry forest trees in Bhadra wildlife sanctuary, Karnataka, India was observed during June 2004 to May 2009. A total of 277 trees belonging to 45 species were monitored on monthly basis for different phenophases of leaf phenology. Simple Spearman’s correlations and multiple regressions were performed between different phenophases and environmental factors like rainfall and temperature. Seasonality was determined with circular statistics analyses using the phenological variables and dates of observation.

Results: The influence of temperature was stressed with multiple regressions. Seasonality of each of the phenophases was also tested with circular statistics. There is a strong seasonality observed in all phenophases, the strength of seasonality was highest with leafless phenophases. Leafing phenophases among some dominant species within the community was described for seasonality and differences among them were also analyzed. Understorey species had longer leaf life span compared to canopy species. At the community level different phenophases are distinctly seasonal, though the strength of seasonality varied considerably with flushing and expansion of leaves, the strength of the seasonality was high with leaf senescence for all species.

Conclusion: The results of this research are in agreement with previous study but the present study suggests that community, population and individual sensitivity might vary under the present context of increasing climatic variability and their adaptation helps to understand the climatic influence in shaping phenology at individual, species and community level.
Assessing the Harmony of Supply Chain Actors in Live Animal Export: The Case of Gurage Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Gemechu Samuel , Getnet Meaza , Tereda Alemu
Published: October 2020

This article aims to study the harmony of supply chain actors in Live Animal Export at Gurage Zone, Ethiopia. This problem is relevant and researches in this sense can help policies that aim to improve the functioning of supply chains. Harmony of supply chain is the collaboration level of supply chain participants which is measured in terms of common planning and action guidelines they have, how they share information and generally the overall relations they have one another. Being descriptive in design, the study has targeted main live animals supply chain actors who are 719 producers, 6 traders and 2 exporters in Gurage zone from whom 257 producers were randomly chosen as a sample and all the traders and exporter have been used directly from whom questionnaires were collected from. The findings have proved that there is relatively consistent flow of information throughout the supply chain actors in live animals export in Gurage zone. Additionally there have been seen that there is a culture of planning jointly among the chain actors followed by having common updating means in case of plan fails to meet the expectations even though there exists problems of sitting for evaluation of actions made by the chain elements which is the key for future improvement of the export business. Finally it has been found that the overall harmony of the chain actors is attractive with some reservations.
Laboratory Findings from 100 Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia in Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ziab Al-ahmadey
Published: October 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly. The purpose of this study is to explore high risk patients and guiding future management and summarize the results of routine laboratory testing of asymptomatic, mild to moderate, severe and critical COVID-19 in order to define practical indicators for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. A total of 100 confirmed COVID-19 patients from Madinah city, Saudi Arabia, hospitalized between March to June, 2020 were included, and categorized into asymptomatic, mild to moderate, severe and critically ill patients. Fasting blood samples were withdrawn from all patients for estimation of complete blood count, coagulation profile, biochemistry and serology. Patients were grouped on the basis of the interval between symptom onset: group 1 (asymptomatic), group 2 (mild to moderate), group 3 (severe), and group 4 (critical). Laboratory features and their distribution were analysed and compared across the four groups. Combining assessment of clinical and laboratory findings could facilitate early diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Median age was 51 years old and 85% of the patients were men. Overall, all patients were admitted to hospitals and 42% required ICU treatment. The majority of patients (29%) were diagnosed with mild to moderate disease, 28% of patients were critical, 26% of patients were severe and 17% of patients were asymptomatic. The comparison COVID-19 patients’ four parameters, using Kusakal-Wallis test, showed a significant difference in the levels of lymphocytes, ESR, PT, INR, d-dimer, CK, BUN and ferritin (P <0.05). C-reactive protein greater than 2.97 (0.84-9.18; p<0.0001). The potential risk factors of older age, lymphopenia, d-dimer greater than 1µg/mL and ferritin greater than 500ng/mL could help physicians to identify patients with a poor prognosis at an early stage.
Technology Adoption and Profitability of BINA Released Lentil Variety Binamasur-5 in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Syful , Rahman Md. Habibur , Haque Mohammad Rashidul , Sarkar Md. Mohsin Ali , Sultana Razia
Published: October 2020

The study was conducted in five major Binamasur-5 growing areas of Bangladesh, namely Magura, Pabna, Jashore, Kushtia and Faridpur districts. It is important to know the profitability and the existing level of technology in terms of agronomic practices, time of operation and input use. At Magura (85%), Pabna (85%) and Faridpur (75%) farmers, sowed seed in optimum level but 5% in Jashore and 8% in Kushtia farmers followed it. The adoption index of sowing level of adoption Binamasur-5 was higher use. The average net return was Tk. 52405.29 per hectare. The average Benefit cost ratio was 1.86. The highest BCR was found in Magura district (1.96) which was followed by Jashore (1.91), Faridpur (1.88), Pabna (1.84) and Kushtia (1.73) districts, respectively. The first ranked constraint was unavailability of Binamasur-5 seeds (93%) in all areas. It is followed by lack of technical know-how (71%), lack of training (65%), attack of root rot diseases (50%). Nonetheless, lentil farmers should also be provided hand-on training on package technology of lentil cultivation.
Current Structural Knowledge on Cystathionine β‐Synthase, a Pivotal Enzyme in the Transsulfuration Pathway
Authors: González‐Recio Irene , Fernández‐Rodríguez Carmen , Simón Jorge , Goikoetxea‐Usandizaga Naroa , Martínez‐Chantar Maria Luz , Astegno Alessandra , Majtan Tomas , Martinez‐Cruz Luis Alfonso
Published: October 2020

Cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS), the first enzyme of the reverse transsulfuration pathway, catalyses the pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate (PLP)‐dependent β‐replacement reaction that condensesl‐serine with L‐homocysteine to yield cystathionine and water. Besides this canonical reaction and using cysteine and homocysteine as substrates, CBS can also efficiently produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) through alternative β‐replacement and β‐elimination processes. The structural information on the full‐length enzyme has remained elusive for decades and is still very scarce, but some advances in the recent years have uncovered its peculiar modular architecture, provided a glimpse of its conformational landscape and revealed some of the reaction intermediates formed during the catalysis. All these data have helped comprehend, at least partially, the regulatory mechanisms and the catalytic abilities of the enzyme across different organisms. This article aims to overview the current information on the CBS structure from its most sophisticated variants found in mammals to its simplest homologs in bacteria. A more detailed understanding of CBS structure and function is needed, which could subsequently serve as a basis for the development of drugs to treat human diseases, such as CBS‐deficient homocystinuria, Alzheimer diseases and some cancers, as well as of new antibiotics against multidrug‐resistant pathogenic bacteria.

Key Concepts

Reverse transsulfuration is a two‐step metabolic route that allows the conversion of the essential amino acid methionine into cysteine. This process generates hydrogen sulfide and impedes the accumulation of the toxic intermediate homocysteine.

Hydrogen sulfide is an important gasotransmitter involved in physiological functions such as neuroprotection and the regulation of blood pressure.

Homocystinuria consists of the abnormal accumulation of homocysteine, and is an inherited disorder due to the deficient activity of CBS. This pathology causes vascular thromboses, skeletal defects, mental retardation, and even early death.

The three‐dimensional structure of CBS provides a suitable template to develop drugs to treat homocystinuria and related pathologies in humans.

The comparative structural analysis of the CBS enzymes from different organisms are key to intervene in their sulfur metabolism, and thus represents a potential therapeutic approach against pathogens.
Cell‐Based Therapy for Canavan Disease Using Human iPSC‐Derived NPCs and OPCs
Authors: Feng Lizhao , Chao Jianfei , Tian E , Li Li , Ye Peng , Zhang Mi , Chen Xianwei , Cui Qi , Sun Guihua , Zhou Tao , Felix Gerardo , Qin Yue , Li Wendong , Meza Edward David , Klein Jeremy , Ghoda Lucy , Hu Weidong , Luo Yonglun , Dang Wei , Hsu David , Gold Joseph , Goldman Steven A. , Matalon Reuben , Shi Yanhong
Published: October 2020

Canavan disease (CD) is a fatal leukodystrophy caused by mutation of the aspartoacylase (ASPA) gene, which leads to deficiency in ASPA activity, accumulation of the substrate N‐acetyl‐L‐aspartate (NAA), demyelination, and spongy degeneration of the brain. There is neither a cure nor a standard treatment for this disease. In this study, human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐based cell therapy is developed for CD. A functionalASPAgene is introduced into patient iPSC‐derived neural progenitor cells (iNPCs) or oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (iOPCs) via lentiviral transduction or TALEN‐mediated genetic engineering to generate ASPA iNPC or ASPA iOPC. After stereotactic transplantation into a CD (Nur7) mouse model, the engrafted cells are able to rescue major pathological features of CD, including deficient ASPA activity, elevated NAA levels, extensive vacuolation, defective myelination, and motor function deficits, in a robust and sustainable manner. Moreover, the transplanted mice exhibit much prolonged survival. These genetically engineered patient iPSC‐derived cellular products are promising cell therapies for CD. This study has the potential to bring effective cell therapies, for the first time, to Canavan disease children who have no treatment options. The approach established in this study can also benefit many other children who have deadly genetic diseases that have no cure.
An Unexpected Split‐Merge Pathway in the Assembly of the Symmetric Nonribosomal Peptide Antibiotic Closthioamide
Authors: Dunbar Kyle L. , Dell Maria , Molloy Evelyn M. , Büttner Hannah , Kumpfmüller Jana , Hertweck Christian
Published: October 2020

Closthioamide (CTA) is a symmetric nonribosomal peptide (NRP) comprised of two diaminopropane‐linked polythioamidated monomers. CTA is biosynthesized by Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum via an atypical NRP synthetase (NRPS)‐independent biosynthetic pathway. Although the logic for monomer assembly was recently elucidated, the strategy for the biosynthesis and incorporation of the diamine linker remained a mystery. By means of genome editing, synthesis, and in vitro biochemical assays, we demonstrate that the final steps in CTA maturation proceed through a surprising split‐merge pathway involving the dual use of a thiotemplated intermediate. This pathway includes the first examples of an aldo‐keto reductase catalyzing the reductive release of a thiotemplated product, and of a transthioamidating transglutaminase. In addition to clarifying the remaining steps in CTA assembly, our data shed light on largely unexplored pathways for NRPS‐independent peptide biosynthesis.
Supramolecular Chirogenesis Induced by Platinum(II) Tweezers with Excellent Environmental Tolerance
Authors: Liu Mingyang , Han Yifei , Zhong Hua , Zhang Xiaolong , Wang Feng
Published: October 2020

Supramolecular chirogenesis has emerged as an effective strategy to access symmetry breaking in artificial systems. However, the chirogenic signals suffer from high susceptibility toward environmental variations. An effective strategy has been developed to address this issue by constructing platinum(II)‐based tweezer/guest complexes stabilized by two‐fold donor–acceptor and PtII–PtII metal–metal interactions. Upon guest encapsulation, the two pincers on the achiral PtII tweezer undergo a stereospecific twist to minimize steric repulsion, thus locking tweezer/guest complexes into the preferred chiral conformations. The induced chiroptical effects display outstanding solvent and temperature tolerance, ascribed to the balance between electrostatic and desolvation effects for the involved non‐covalent interactions. Moreover, hierarchical and multi‐component supramolecular assembly of tweezer/guest complexes provide a convenient way to modulate chirogeneic signals for their intensities.
Molecular Chemiluminescent Probes with a Very Long Near‐Infrared Emission Wavelength for in Vivo Imaging
Authors: Huang Jingsheng , Jiang Yuyan , Li Jingchao , Huang Jiaguo , Pu Kanyi
Published: October 2020

Chemiluminescence imaging is imperative for diagnostics and imaging due to its intrinsically high sensitivity. To improve in vivo detection of biomarkers, chemiluminophores that simultaneously possess near‐infrared (NIR) emission and modular structures amenable to construction of activatable probes are highly desired; however, these are rare. Herein, we report two chemiluminophores with record long NIR emission (>750 nm) via integration of dicyanomethylene‐4H‐benzothiopyran or dicyanomethylene‐4H‐benzoselenopyran with dioxetane unit. Caging of the chemiluminophores with different cleavable moieties produces NIR chemiluminescence probes (NCPs) that only produce signals upon reaction with reactive oxygen species or enzymes, for example, β‐galactosidase, with a tissue‐penetration depth of up to 2 cm. Thus, this study provides NIR chemiluminescence molecular scaffolds applicable for in vivo turn‐on imaging of versatile biomarkers in deep tissues.
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance‐Based Method for the Quantification of Epoxidized Methyl Oleate
Authors: Kaur Avneet , Bhardwaj Neha , Kaur Amanpreet , Abida Km , Nagaraja Tejo Prakash , Ali Amjad , Prakash Ranjana
Published: October 2020

Epoxidized methyl esters (EMO) with their high oxirane ring reactivity, acts as a raw material in the synthesis of various industrial chemicals including polymers, stabilizers, plasticizers, glycols, polyols, carbonyl compounds, biolubricants etc. EMO has been generally quantified by the gas chromatography (GC) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. Taking into the account of the limitations of these techniques, two qHNMR‐based equations have been proposed for the quantification of EMO in the mixture of EMO and methylesters (MO). The validity of the proposed method was determined using standard mixtures of MO and EMO having different molar concentrations. The developed equations have been applied on the samples of EMO prepared from oleic acid in two‐step process viz., esterification followed by epoxidation. The qHNMR‐based EMO quantification showed acceptable agreement with the results obtained from HPLC analysis.
Zu den Ursachen und zur Vermeidung von Schlosssprengungen bei kombinierten Spundwänden
Authors: Osthoff David
Published: October 2020

Kombinierte Spundwände aus Trag‐ und Zwischenbohlen sind eine langjährig bewährte Lösung und werden dann eingesetzt, wenn die Tragfähigkeit oder die Steifigkeit von Wellenspundwänden nicht mehr ausreicht. Die Verbindung zwischen Trag‐ und Zwischenbohlen erfolgt über die Spundwandschlösser. Während des Einbringens der Zwischenbohlen kann es zu einem Herauslaufen oder einem Blockieren des verbindenden Spundwandschlosses kommen. Diese sog. Schlosssprengungen sind umgehend zu sanieren, um Erosion des anstehenden Bodens und somit Versackungen hinter der Wand zu verhindern. Im folgenden Beitrag werden mögliche Ursachen für Schlosssprengungen aufgeführt und evaluiert. Die Untersuchungen umfassen neben einer Fallstudie zu ausgeführten kombinierten Spundwänden Labor‐ und Feldversuche, die in Verbindung mit Finite‐Elemente‐Berechnungen die mechanischen und mechanisch‐thermischen Prozesse im Schloss während der Einbringung betrachten. Zur Vermeidung von Schlosssprengungen bei kombinierten Spundwänden werden Lösungsaspekte im Rahmen der Planung, der Herstellung und der Ausführung vorgestellt. Dies erfolgt in Ergänzung zu den bestehenden Empfehlungen des Arbeitsausschusses Ufereinfassungen (EAU).
Tissue‐disruption‐induced cellular stochasticity and epigenetic drift: Common origins of aging and cancer?
Authors: Capp Jean‐Pascal , Thomas Frédéric
Published: October 2020

Age‐related and cancer‐related epigenomic modifications have been associated with enhanced cell‐to‐cell gene expression variability that characterizes increased cellular stochasticity. Since gene expression variability appears to be highly reduced by—and epigenetic and phenotypic stability acquired through—direct or long‐range cellular interactions during cell differentiation, we propose a common origin for aging and cancer in the failure to control cellular stochasticity by cell–cell interactions. Tissue‐disruption‐induced cellular stochasticity associated with epigenetic drift would be at the origin of organ dysfunction because of an increase in phenotypic variation among cells, ultimately leading to cell death and organ failure through a loss of coordination in cellular functions, and eventually to cancerization. We propose mechanistic research perspectives to corroborate this hypothesis and explore its evolutionary consequences, highlighting a positive correlation between the median age of mass loss onset (a proxy for the onset of organ aging) and the median age at cancer diagnosis.
Total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: the fuse is lit
Authors: Healey Bird B R J
Published: October 2020

Explosively disrupting
Prognostic impact of collaterals in patients with a coronary chronic total occlusion: A meta‐analysis of over 3,000 patients
Authors: Allahwala Usaid K. , Nour Daniel , Bhatia Kunwardeep , Ward Michael R. , Lo Sidney , Weaver James C. , Bhindi Ravinay
Published: October 2020

Objectives

To assess the prognostic implications of the degree of coronary collaterals on outcomes in patients with a CTO.

Background

Coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO) are identified frequently in patients undergoing coronary angiography and have been associated with poorer prognosis. Whether the degree of coronary collaterals, the hallmark of CTOs impacts prognosis, is unknown.

Methods

A search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library was conducted to identify studies reporting on coronary collaterals and risk of all‐cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients with Rentrop grade 0 or 1 collaterals were defined as poor collaterals, while Rentrop grade 2 or 3 were defined as robust collaterals.

Results

Twelve studies with a total of 3,369 were included. Patients with robust collaterals did not have lower rates of AMI (OR: 0.89, 95%CI: 0.39–2.04) or lower rates of all‐cause mortality (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.42–1.58), however were more likely to have successful PCI (OR: 4.04, 95%CI: 1.10–14.85).

Conclusion

The presence of robust collaterals is not associated with lower rates of AMI or mortality, but does increase the likelihood of successful CTO PCI. These results have importance implications with respect to the indications for CTO PCI as well as selecting appropriate patients to undergo the procedure.
Elucidating the Promotional Effect of Cerium in the Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Rodriguez‐Gomez Alberto , Lopez‐Martin Angeles , Ramirez Adrian , Gascon Jorge , Caballero Alfonso
Published: October 2020

A series of Ni‐Ce catalysts supported on SBA‐15 has been prepared by co‐impregnation, extensively characterized and evaluated in the carbon dioxide reforming of methane (DRM). The characterization by TEM, XRD and TPR has allowed us to determine the effect of metal loading on metal dispersion. Cerium was found to improve nickel location inside the mesopores of SBA‐15 and to suppress coke formation during the DRM reaction. The analysis by XPS allowed us to associate the high cerium dispersion with the presence of low‐coordinated Ce3+ sites, being main responsible for its promotional effect. A combination of XAS and XPS has permitted us to determine the physicochemical properties of metals under reduction conditions. The low nickel coordination number determined by XAS in N‐Ce doped systems after reduction suggests the generation of very small nickel particles which showed greater catalytic activity and stability in the reaction, and a remarkable resistance to coke formation.
Stability of Cobalt Particles In and Outside HZSM‐5 under CO Hydrogenation Conditions Studied by ex situ and in situ Electron Microscopy
Authors: Straß‐Eifert Angela , Sheppard Thomas L. , Damsgaard Christian D. , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk , Güttel Robert
Published: October 2020

Designing stable materials for processes operating under harsh reaction conditions, like CO hydrogenation, is a challenging topic in catalysis. These may provoke several deactivation mechanisms simultaneously, like thermal sintering, oxidation or poisoning of the active sites. We report HZSM‐5 supported cobalt catalysts, exhibiting cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated inside, or located at the exterior of the ZSM‐5 support. The materials were studied by a combination of ex situ and in situ electron microscopy with respect to the growth of the cobalt particles. After 1200 h time on stream under CO hydrogenation conditions, the spent catalyst showed minimal sintering of encapsulated cobalt particles. In situ environmental TEM experiments under model reduction and CO hydrogenation conditions indicate the presence of cobalt nanoparticles, which appear highly resistant towards sintering even up to 700 °C. These results provide a first indication for the preparation of sinter stable catalysts suitable for operating in harsh reaction environments.
Financial planning: A research agenda for the next decade
Authors: Bogan Vicki L. , Geczy Christopher C. , Grable John E.
Published: October 2020

We provide an informed discussion about challenges, opportunities and the future of research and practice in the field of financial planning over the next 10 years. As editors of Financial Planning Review, using a mix‐methods approach and a survey of subject‐matter expert views, we outline what we believe are some of the future key themes of financial planning. We also present an overview of the challenges and opportunities facing researchers who are working to build, inform, and expand the financial planning body of literature. Further, we discuss the financial planning‐related topics that would benefit most from increased research and study.
In Situ Mass Spectrometric and Kinetic Investigations of Soai's Asymmetric Autocatalysis
Authors: Trapp Oliver , Lamour Saskia , Maier Frank , Siegle Alexander F. , Zawatzky Kerstin , Straub Bernd F.
Published: October 2020

Invited for the cover of this issue is Oliver Trapp and his co‐workers at Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München, the Max‐Planck‐Institute for Astronomy and Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg. The image depicts a magic trick representing the autocatalytic process reported in the manuscript. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202003260.
Green‐, Red‐, and Infrared‐Emitting Polymorphs of Sterically Hindered Push–Pull Substituted Stilbenes
Authors: Pauk Karel , Luňák Stanislav , Růžička Aleš , Marková Aneta , Mausová Anna , Kratochvíl Matouš , Melánová Klára , Weiter Martin , Imramovský Aleš , Vala Martin
Published: October 2020

The synthesis, XRD single‐crystal structure, powder XRD, and solid‐state fluorescence of two new DPA‐DPS‐EWG derivatives (DPA=diphenylamino, DPS=2,5‐diphenyl‐stilbene, EWG=electron‐withdrawing group, that is, carbaldehyde or dicyanovinylene, DCV) are described. Absorption and fluorescence maxima in solvents of various polarity show bathochromic shifts with respect to the parent DPA‐stilbene‐EWGs. The electronic coupling in dimers and potential twist elasticity of monomers were studied by density functional theory. Both polymorphs of the CHO derivative emit green fluorescence (527 and 550 nm) of moderate intensity (10 % and 5 %) in polycrystalline powder form. Moderate (5 %) red (672 nm) monomer‐like emission was also observed for the first polymorph of the DCV derivative, whereas more intense (32 %) infrared (733 nm) emission of the second polymorph was ascribed to the excimer fluorescence.
The costs of treating and not treating patients with chronic myeloid leukemia with tyrosine kinase inhibitors among Medicare patients in the United States
Authors: Seymour Erlene K. , Ruterbusch Julie J. , Winn Aaron N. , George Julie A. , Beebe‐Dimmer Jennifer L. , Schiffer Charles A.
Published: October 2020

Background

Patients with high cost‐sharing of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) experience delays in treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). To the authors' knowledge, the clinical outcomes among and costs for patients not receiving TKIs are not well defined.

Methods

Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare database, the authors evaluated differences in TKI initiation, health care use, cost, and survival among patients with CML with continuous Medicare Parts A and B and Part D coverage who were diagnosed between 2007 and 2015.

Results

A total of 941 patients were included. Approximately 29% of all patients did not initiate treatment with TKIs within 6 months (non‐TKI users), and had lower rates of BCR‐ABL testing and more hospitalizations compared with TKI users. Approximately 21% were not found to have any TKI claims at any time. TKI initiation rates within 6 months of diagnosis increased for all patients over time (61% to 85%), with greater improvements observed in patients receiving subsidies (55% to 90%). Total Medicare costs were greater in patients treated with TKIs, with approximately 50% because of TKI costs. Non‐TKI users had more inpatient costs compared with TKI users. Trends in cost remained significant when adjusting for age and comorbidities. The median overall survival was 40 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 34‐48 months) compared with 86 months (95% CI, 73 months to not reached), respectively, for non‐TKI users versus TKI users, a finding that remained consistent when adjusting for age, comorbidities, and subsidy status (hazard ratio, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.77‐2.81).

Conclusions

Approximately 21% of all patients with CML did not receive TKIs at any time. Cost‐sharing subsidies consistently are found to be associated with higher initiation rates. Non‐TKI users had higher inpatient costs and poorer survival outcomes. Interventions to lower TKI costs for all patients are desirable.
Levels and variables associated with psychological distress during confinement due to the coronavirus pandemic in a community sample of Spanish adults
Authors: Pérez Sandra , Masegoso Andrea , Hernández‐Espeso Nazaret
Published: October 2020

Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic's consequences and the state of alarm, literature has shown that people worldwide have experienced severe stressors that have been associated with increased prevalence of emotional distress. In this study, we explored psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms) using an online survey platform in a sample of 1,781 Spanish adults during the confinement due to COVID‐19, relationships between distress and sleep problems, affect, pain, sleep, emotional regulation, gender, type of housing, history of psychopathology, and living alone during the confinement, and differences depending on demographic and psychological variables. Results showed that between 25% and 39% of the sample referred to clinically significant levels of distress. In addition, women showed higher levels of distress, negative affect, perception of pain, and cognitive reappraisal and lower levels of emotional suppression and sleep quality than men. A history of psychopathology, being younger, living alone or in a flat was associated with higher distress. Finally, the variables most strongly related to distress were negative and positive affect, levels of pain, sleep quality, and emotional suppression. Our results highlight the important role of emotional suppression, cognitive reappraisal, and loneliness and the impact of being a woman and younger in Spain during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Therefore, it would be necessary to provide assessments of distress levels in these population groups and focus psychological preventive and therapeutic online interventions on expressing emotions and preventing loneliness.
Model‐Based Approach to Improve Clinical Outcomes in Neonates With Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome Using Real‐World Data
Authors: Wijekoon Nadeesri , Aduroja Oluwatobi , Biggs Jessica M. , El‐Metwally Dina , Gopalakrishnan Mathangi
Published: October 2020

At least 60% of the neonates with opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) require morphine to control withdrawal symptoms. Currently, the morphine dosing strategies are empiric, not optimal and associated with longer hospital stay. The aim of the study was to develop a quantitative, model‐based, real‐world data‐driven approach to morphine dosing to improve clinical outcomes, such as reducing time on treatment. Longitudinal morphine dose, clinical response (Modified Finnegan Score (MFS)), and baseline risk factors were collected using a retrospective cohort design from the electronic medical records of neonates with NOWS (N = 177) admitted to the University of Maryland Medical Center. A dynamic linear mixed effects model was developed to describe the relationship between MFS and morphine dose adjusting for baseline risk factors using a split‐sample data approach (70% training: 30% test). The training model was evaluated in the test dataset using a simulation based approach. Maternal methadone and benzodiazepine use, and race were significant predictors of the MFS response. Positive autocorrelations of 0.56 and 0.12 were estimated between consecutive MFS responses. On an average, for a 1,000 μg increase in the morphine dose, the MFS decreased by 0.3 units. The model evaluation showed that observed and predicted median time on treatment were similar (13.0 vs. 13.8 days). A model‐based framework was developed to describe the MFS–morphine dose relationship using real‐world data that could potentially be used to develop an adaptive, individualized morphine dosing strategy to improve clinical outcomes in infants with NOWS.
Adapting to the Coronavirus Pandemic: Building and Incorporating a Diagnostic Pipeline in a Shared Resource Laboratory
Authors: Russell Emma , Agua‐Doce Ana , Carr Lotte , Malla Asha , Bartolovic Kerol , Levi Dina , Henderson Carl , Das Debipriya , Rhys Hefin , Hobson Philip , Purewal Sukhveer , Riddell Andrew
Published: October 2020

In March 2020, with lockdown due to the coronavirus pandemic underway, the Francis Crick Institute (the Crick) regeared its research laboratories into clinical testing facilities. Two pipelines were established, one for polymerase chain reaction and the other for Serology. This article discusses the Cricks Flow Cytometry Science Technology Platform (Flow STP) role in setting up the Serology pipeline. Pipeline here referring to the overarching processes in place to facilitate the receipt of human sera through to a SARs‐CoV‐2 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay result. We examine the challenges that had to be overcome by a research laboratory to incorporate clinical diagnostics and the processes by which this was achieved. It describes the governance required to run the service, the design of the standard operating procedures (SOPs) and pipeline, the setting up of the assay, the validation required to show the robustness of the pipeline and reporting the results of the assay. Finally, as the lockdown started to ease in June 2020, it examines how this new service affects the daily running of the Flow STP. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Non‐human papilloma virus associated adenocarcinomas of the cervix uteri. Cytologic features and diagnostic agreement using whole slide digital cytology imaging
Authors: Negri Giovanni , Macciocu Elena , Cepurnaite Rima , Kasal Armin , Troncone Giancarlo , Steinkasserer Martin , Vittadello Fabio
Published: October 2020

Background

Non‐Human Papilloma Virus associated adenocarcinomas (NHPVAs) are uncommon tumors of the cervix uteri which often show a deceptive morphology. Therefore, their diagnostic assessment may be challenging. Slide digital cytology imaging may be an useful tool to improve cytological diagnostic accuracy. However, this novel technology has not been applied to NHPVAs associated cytologies yet.

Methods

The study included 31 whole slide digital cytology cases from 10 women with a proven histological diagnosis of NHPVA. As a control group, three further digital slides, from two women with a histological diagnosis of squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), were included. The digitally scanned cytological slides were revised to assess the concordance rate among three observers and to find out the most relevant NHPVA cytological criteria.

Results

Overall diagnostic agreement between observers was 67.60% (K = 0.50; P < 0.0001). At the consensus diagnosis 34 cases were re‐classified as at least suspicious for glandular lesion (n = 24), SIL (n = 2) and negative (n = 8). The most relevant cytologic features for atypical glandular cells or adenocarcinoma at consensus were evident nucleoli, nuclear overlapping and atypical enlarged nuclei.

Conclusions

The diagnosis of NHPVA in digital cytology is feasible using criteria which are also used in conventional microscopy. Our study shows a moderate agreement for the cytological diagnosis of NHPVAs using whole slide digital cytology approach. These results are discussed taking into account the most relevant differential diagnostic issues.
Fully automated dried blood spot sample handling and extraction for serological testing of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies
Authors: Gaugler Stefan , Sottas Pierre‐Edouard , Blum Katharina , Luginbühl Marc
Published: October 2020

At the beginning of 2020, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) reached pandemic dimensions. Throughout the event, diagnostic tests function as an essential tool for understanding, mitigating, and implement strategies to curb and reduce infections. Here, we present a novel method for the fully automated dried blood spot (DBS) sample handling and extraction for serological testing of human IgG antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 using a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing kit. This proof‐of‐principle pilot study successfully demonstrates the recovery of antibodies in their intact form from DBS using automated, direct sample elution within 100 μl of extraction buffer. The use of minimally invasive DBS sampling provides an alternative to existing analytical procedures such as sampling by venipuncture or nasal swabs. Due to the ease of DBS collection, no third party need be involved, making at‐home sampling possible (e.g., during quarantine).