bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Realities, Idealised Pasts: Archaeology, Values and Indigenous Heritage Management in Central Australia
Authors: Thorley Peter
Published: February 2015

This paper addresses the inter‐cultural meanings and assumptions which have arisen in the interpretation of heritage and its conservation in central Australia. Conflicting views of heritage conservation are grounded in particular constructions of the past which are adapted and redefined in relation to the present. In central Australia, Indigenous notions of time and property have stressed the symbolic value of objects in terms of the Dreaming and their active role in exchange. The definition of objects as personal effects and their enhancement of social values through exchange have been at odds with archaeological understandings of the same objects as artefacts and attempts to conserve them as items of heritage significance. Specific examples discussed include the use of artefacts in economic exchanges, interpretation of archaeological sequences, and the application of concepts of significance through land rights and heritage legislation.
Reviews
Authors: Alexander Jennifer
Published: February 2015

Seeds of Play, Words of Power: an ethnographic study of Iban shamanic chants by Clifford Sather Kuala Lumpur: Tun Jugah Foundation in cooperation with the Borneo Research Council. 2001 Pp. xvii +753 Price: US $49. RM95 pb RM120 hb
Reviews
Authors: Perkins Leialoha Apo , Perkins Roland F.
Published: February 2015

Hawai'i's Russian Adventure: A New Look at Old History by Peter R. Mills Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2002. Pp xi + 295 Price: US$39.00
Reviews
Authors: Lorimer Francine
Published: February 2015

Wherever I Go. Myles Lalor's ‘oral history’ by Jeremy Beckett Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. 2000. Pp. xii+ 179. Price: A$29.95
Reviews
Authors: Dundon Alison
Published: February 2015

Exchanging the Past: A Rainforest World of Before and After by Bruce M. Knauft Chicago: Chicago University Press. 2002. Pp. v + 303 Price: Paper US$20.00; Cloth US$55.00
Reviews
Authors: Autio Petra M.
Published: February 2015

Traditionalism and Modernity in the Music and Dance of Oceania: Essays in Honour of Barbara B. Smith Edited by Helen Reeves Lawrence (Editor) and Don Niles (Technical Editor) Sydney: Oceania Monograph 52. University of Sydney. 2001. Pp. xviii+267 Price: US$ 40 (The contributors: Helen Reeves Lawrence (Introduction), Mary E. Lawson Burke, Judy Flores, Joann W. Keali'inohomoku, Adrienne L. Kaeppler, Richard M. Moyle, Jane Mink Rossen, Jun'ichiro Suwa, Yoichi Yamada, Mervyn MacLean and Margaret Orbell, Don Niles, Gordon D. Spearritt, Raymond Ammann, Stephen A. Wild, Elizabeth Macinlay, Junko Konishi, C.K. Szego, Jane Freeman Moulin.)
A Frightened Hunting Ground: Epic Emotions and Landholding in the Western Reaches of Australia's Top End
Authors: Sansom Basil
Published: February 2015

A general theory of epic emotions is proposed. After providing terms to frame discussion, the author considers Aboriginal discourses of landed association to yield an account of the significance accorded to emotions by Aborigines during events that are attendant on situations of ultimate reference. The necessary association of specified emotions with culturally defined situations of ultimate reference is held to be a defining quality of emotions of the epic kind. In the Aboriginal case, the cultural register of emotions is brief to the point that recognised emotions are all epic emotions. Such emphasis on elemental forms has implications for the study of the development of social institutions. It is suggested that, world‐wide, the words for inner states proliferate only when two conditions are fulfilled. The two loosely related variables are: (i) increments in social scale and (ii) the invention of ontologies of the divided self.
REVIEW
Authors: Wootten Hal
Published: February 2015

Native Title Corporations: a legal and anthropological analysis. By Christos Mantziaris and David Martin. Sydney: the Federation Press. 2000. Pp. xxxiv + 366. Price $99.
REVIEW
Authors: Telban Borut
Published: February 2015

Masculinity, motherhood and mockery: psychoanalyzing culture and the Iatmul Naven rite in New Guinea. By Eric Kline Silverman. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. 2001. Pp. xiii + 243. Price: US $57.50 (cloth), US $22.95 (paper).
REVIEW
Authors: Whittaker Andrea
Published: February 2015

Birthing in the Pacific: Beyond Tradition and Modernity? Edited By Vicki Lukere and Margaret Jolly. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.2002. Pp. xi + 249 Price: US$19.95 (paper)
Negotiating Materiality: International and Local Museum Practices at the Vanuatu Cultural Centre and National Museum
Authors: Geismar Haidy , Tilley Christopher
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we examine the idiosyncratic ways in which the Vanuatu Cultural Centre has incorporated global museum technologies into highly localised systems of object management. The convergence of understandings of subject‐object relations, and indeed of materiality, highlights the effects of museum practices of objectification on local practice as well as the effects of local agenda on museum practice. In constructing a holistic analysis of the current work of the Vanuatu Cultural Centre, we examine practices of display and exhibition in the context of the archive and storeroom, and grass‐roots research; moving away from the emphasis on visuality and exhibition found in many museum studies, to an approach that locates display as but one form of objectification within wider social practice. We challenge some analytic models that view Melanesia and Euro‐America as zones that organise subject‐object relations dichotomously, highlighting instead the mutual contingency of relationships between persons and things between cultural contexts and the effects of the international exchanges of museum practice on the development of these relations.
‘The Kite is Tied to You’: Custom, Christianity, and Organization among Kanak Women of Drueulu, Lifou, New Caledonia
Authors: Paini Anna
Published: February 2015

This paper explores Drueulu women's engagement in an organized collectivity during the late 1980s and early 1990s. I focus particularly on the Drueulu Women's Group, a group affiliated to the umbrella Catholic organization, mouvement féminin vers un Souriant Village Mélanésien (mfSVM), to illustrate how these women mobilized cultural elements, including customary bonds, religious affiliation, and maternal relations, to assert their agency and empowerment. To move beyond a given and unchanging representation of Lifouan men and women means bringing to the fore multiple changing identities which are negotiated in different times and places. This does not mean privileging localism over national commonalities. By examining a 1990 protest march against alcohol abuse by men, I attest to the various articulations of women's concerns, customary linkages, and denominational affiliation which informed women's agenda at the village level. I then consider how these configurations were articulated in the 1992 annual general assembly of the mfSVM when 200 women gathered in Drueulu from all over the country for the twentieth anniversary of the movement. In the wider social settings here examined, the ubiquitous metaphorical use of maternal tropes gained strategic efficacy.
A Critique of Alfred Gell on Art and Agency
Authors: Bowden Ross
Published: February 2015

This review article examines in detail the argument in Alfred Gell's posthumously published book Art and Agency: an anthropological theory. The review is divided into two parts. In the first I summarise the main argument of each chapter in turn and comment on some of the author's more questionable assumptions and conclusions. In the second I step back from the individual chapters and comment on three of the more general issues the book raises.
Review
Authors: Reed Liz
Published: February 2015

Photography's Other Histories By Christopher Pinney and Nicolas Peterson (eds) Durham and London: Duke University Press. 2003. Pp.viii + 286 Price: US$22.95 paper
Review
Authors: Henry Rosita
Published: February 2015

Blackfellas, Whitefellas, and the Hidden Injuries of Race By Gillian Cowlishaw Carlton South, VIC: Blackwell Publishing Asia 2004 Pp:xvi + 272. Price: A$48.95 (PB)
East Papuan Kinship Systems: Bougainville
Authors: Hage Per
Published: February 2015

Contrary to common belief, there are reliable reports of Dravidian‐type kinship systems with prescriptive terms, Dravidian crossness and cross‐cousin marriage in Papuan‐speaking societies in Melanesia. This paper compares four Dravidian systems from South Bougainville in the Solomon Islands. The Proto‐South Bougainville kinship system was Dravidian‐Kariera in type. It dates, uncertainly, to sometime before the Austronesian expansion into Melanesia around 1500 BC and sometime near or after the settlement of East Papua 30,000 to 40,000 years ago. Dravidian kinship systems may have been common in East Papua surviving in Bougainville because of the island's relative size and isolation.
Viti, the Soil from Eden: On Historical Praxis as a Mode of Connecting in Kadavu
Authors: Dickhardt Michael
Published: February 2015

Looking at Fijian Methodism and its role in discourses on identity in Fiji leads to the question of the relationship between Christianity and the vanua, the complex notion of land so crucial for ethnic Fijians' traditionalistic identity constructions. How is it possible to retain important dimensions of the vanua within a Christian worldview? An attempt to understand this relationship using the example of a Fijian meke makes clear that specific ways of constructing the past are crucial here. A concept of history as a symbolic form renders these ways of constructing the past understandable as historical — and it is exactly this historical character which opens the possibility of establishing a relationship to the Christian God while retaining essential dimensions of the vanua, a possibility which can provide one experiential background for the plausibility of an ethnic interpretation of Christianity.
REVIEWS
Authors: Trompf Garry W.
Published: February 2015

Modes of Religiosity: A Cognitive Theory of Religious Transmission. By Harvey Whitehouse. Walnut Creek, Lanham, New York, Toronto and Oxford: Altamira Press. 2004. Pp.xiii+ 191. US$24.95. Paper.
REVIEWS
Authors: Holcombe Sarah
Published: February 2015

A World of Relationships: Itineraries, Dreams and Events in the Australian Western Desert. By Sylvie Poirier. Toronto, Buffalo, London. University of Toronto Press. 2005. Pp xi + 303. Price: US $29.95
A novel biointerface that suppresses cell morphological changes by scavenging excess reactive oxygen species
Authors: Ikeda Yutaka , Yoshinari Tomoki , Nagasaki Yukio
Published: February 2015

During cell cultivation on conventional culture dishes, various events results in strong stresses that lead to the production of bioactive species such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide. These reactive species cause variable damage to cells and stimulate cellular responses. Here, we report the design of a novel biocompatible surface that decreases stress by not only morphologically modifying the dish surface by using poly(ethylene glycol) tethered chains, but also actively scavenging oxidative stress by using our novel nitroxide radical‐containing polymer. A block copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly[(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl)aminomethylstyrene] (PEG‐b‐PMNT) was used to coat the surface of a dish. Differentiation of undifferentiated human leukemia (HL‐60) cells was found to be suppressed on the polymer‐coated dish. Notably, HL‐60 cell cultivation caused apoptosis under high‐density conditions, while spontaneous apoptosis was suppressed in cells plated on the PEG‐b‐PMNT‐modified surface, because a healthy mitochondrial membrane potential was maintained. In contrast, low molecular weight antioxidants did not have apparent effects on the maintenance of mitochondria. We attribute this to the lack of cellular internalization of our immobilized polymer and selective scavenging of excessive ROS generated outside of cells. These results demonstrate the utility of our novel biocompatible material for actively scavenging ROS and thus maintaining cellular morphology. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2815–2822, 2015.
The significance of grafting collagen on polycaprolactone composite scaffolds: Processing–structure–functional property relationship
Authors: Kiran S. , Nune K. C. , Misra R. D. K.
Published: February 2015

The study concerns processing–structure–functional property relationship in organic–inorganic hybrid scaffolds based on grafted collagen for bone tissue engineering. Biodegradable polyester, polycaprolactone (PCL) and nanohydroxyapatite were used to fabricate three‐dimensional porous scaffolds by adopting a combination of solvent casting, particulate leaching, and polymer leaching approaches. The PCL scaffold was subsequently surface modified by chemical bonding of 1,6‐hexanediamine to the ester groups of PCL to introduce free NH2 groups. The introduction of NH2 groups as active sites enabled immobilization of biocompatible macromolecule, collagen, on the aminolyzed PCL via a cross‐linking agent, glutaraldehyde. The osteoblasts' functions, notably cell adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization, were favorably modulated because of the chemical interaction between Arg‐Gly‐Asp domains in collagen molecule and integrin receptor in the cell membrane. The study underscores the significance of grafting collagen on PCL‐nHA scaffold in modulating cellular activity and biological functions expanding its current use in soft tissue engineering to hard tissue regeneration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2919–2931, 2015.
Immunolocalization of loricrin in the maturing α‐layer of normal and regenerating epidermis of the lizard Anolis carolinensis
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo , Strasser Bettina , Eckhart Leopold
Published: February 2015

Numerous corneous proteins are produced during the differentiation of the complex lizard epidermis, comprising hard β‐layers and softer α‐layers. In the present ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study, we have localized a homolog of the mammalian skin barrier protein loricrin in the skin of the green anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis). We used an antibody specific to the carboxyterminus of loricrin 1, a gene of the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) of A. carolinensis. Lizard loricrin is present in the maturing α‐layer (lacunar cells) of normal scale epidermis and in the accumulating corneocytes of the wound epidermis (lacunar cells) of the regenerating epidermis. The protein appears as a component of the α‐layer but not of the β‐layer. Lizard loricrin is diffused in the cytoplasm of pre‐corneous α‐keratinocytes but eventually concentrates in the packing corneous material of the maturing corneocytes of the α‐layer (lacunar) in normal epidermis or in the wound epidermis of regenerating epidermis. The protein likely contributes to the composition and pliability of the corneous material but is not specifically accumulated on the corneous cell envelope (marginal layer) that is scarcely differentiated in these cells. The study contributes to the knowledge on the distribution of specific corneous proteins that give rise to the different material properties of α‐layers versus β‐layers in lizard epidermis. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 159–167, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibition of endogenous heat shock protein 70 attenuates inducible nitric oxide synthase induction via disruption of heat shock protein 70/Na+/H+ exchanger 1‐Ca2+‐calcium‐calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II/transforming growth factor β‐activated kinase 1‐nuclear factor‐κB signals in BV‐2 microglia
Authors: Huang Chao , Lu Xu , Wang Jia , Tong Lijuan , Jiang Bo , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2015

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) critically contributes to inflammation and host defense. The inhibition of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) prevents iNOS induction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated macrophages. However, the role and mechanism of endogenous Hsp70 in iNOS induction in microglia remains unclear. This study addresses this issue in BV‐2 microglia, showing that Hsp70 inhibition or knockdown prevents LPS‐induced iNOS protein expression and nitric oxide production. Real‐time PCR experiments showed that LPS‐induced iNOS mRNA transcription was blocked by Hsp70 inhibition. Further studies revealed that the inhibition of Hsp70 attenuated LPS‐stimulated nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB as well as the degradation of inhibitor of κB (IκB)‐α and phosphorylation of IκB kinase β (IKKβ). This prevention effect of Hsp70 inhibition on IKKβ–NF‐κB activation was found to be dependent on the Ca2+/calcium–calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/transforming growth factor β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) signals based on the following observations: 1) chelation of intracellular Ca2+ or inhibition of CaMKII reduced LPS‐induced increases in TAK1 phosphorylation and 2) Hsp70 inhibition reduced LPS‐induced increases in CaMKII/TAK1 phosphorylation, intracellular pH value, [Ca2+]i, and CaMKII/TAK1 association. Mechanistic studies showed that Hsp70 inhibition disrupted the association between Hsp70 and Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1), which is an important exchanger responsible for Ca2+ influx in LPS‐stimulated cells. These studies demonstrate that the inhibition of endogenous Hsp70 attenuates the induction of iNOS, which likely occurs through the disruption of NHE1/Hsp70‐Ca2+‐CaMKII/TAK1–NF‐κB signals in BV‐2 microglia, providing further insight into the functions of Hsp70 in the CNS. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The dominant role of heavy precipitation in precipitation change despite opposite trends in west and east of northern China
Authors: Song Shikai , Li Longhui , Chen Xi , Bai Jie
Published: February 2015

Based on daily precipitation measurements from 271 meteorological stations in northern China during 1960–2011, we found that precipitation amount did not show significant trend (p = 0.25). To obtain a better understanding of regional precipitation differences, we divided northern China into two regions and five sub‐regions. A wetting tendency was identified for the northwestern of China (NW), while a drying tendency was determined for the northeastern of China (NE). Precipitation tendencies also displayed regional differences. We determined that changes in precipitation frequency dominated changes in precipitation amount for low altitude areas, while changes in precipitation intensity were the main cause of changes in precipitation amount in high altitude areas. Both precipitation frequency and intensity had an equivalent impact on changes within middle altitude regions of the NW. In contrast, changes in precipitation amount within the NE were mainly caused by precipitation frequency. The effect of precipitation intensity on precipitation amount was not significant. For all of the sub‐regions investigated, heavy precipitation contributed the most to changes in total precipitation amount. The results obtained from this study will be of value to those studying the response of northern Chinese ecosystems to climate change.
Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss in children
Authors: Chung Jae Ho , Cho Seok Hyun , Jeong Jin Hyeok , Park Chul Won , Lee Seung Hwan
Published: February 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

To evaluate clinical characteristics and possible associated factors of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) in children using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Study Design

A retrospective case series with comparisons.

Methods

From January 2007 to December 2013, medical records of 37 pediatric ISSNHL patients were reviewed to assess hearing recovery rate and examine factors associated with prognosis (gender; side of hearing loss; opposite side hearing loss; treatment onset; presence of vertigo, tinnitus, and ear fullness; initial hearing threshold), using univariate and multivariate analysis, and compare them with 276 adult ISSNHL patients.

Results

Pediatric patients comprised only 6.6% of pediatric/adult cases of ISSNHL, and those below 10 years old were only 0.7%. The overall recovery rates (complete and partial) of the pediatric and adult patients were 57.4% and 47.2%, respectively. The complete recovery rate of the pediatric group (46.6%) was higher than that of the adult group (30.8%, P = .040). According to multivariate analysis, absence of tinnitus, later onset of treatment, and higher hearing threshold at initial presentation were associated with a poor prognosis in pediatric ISSNHL.

Conclusions

The recovery rate of ISSNHL in pediatric patients is higher than in adults, and the presence of tinnitus and earlier treatment onset is associated with favorable outcomes.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 125:2209–2215, 2015
Optimization of Aqueous SI‐ATRP Grafting of Poly(Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Methacrylate) Brushes from Benzyl Chloride Macroinitiator Surfaces
Authors: Rodda Andrew E. , Ercole Francesca , Nisbet David R. , Forsythe John S. , Meagher Laurence
Published: February 2015

Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (pOEGMA) brushes were grafted via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) from a poly(styrene‐co‐vinylbenzyl chloride) macroinitiator. While bromoisobutyryl initiator groups are most commonly used for this purpose, benzyl chloride initiators may be advantageous for some applications due to superior stability. Water‐only graft solutions produced thicker brush coatings with superior low fouling properties (low protein adsorption and cell adhesion) versus mixed water/alcohol solutions. Coatings produced using 475 Da OEGMA (methyl ether terminated) further reduced non‐specific interactions compared to 360 Da OEGMA (hydroxyl terminated). Initiator density had minimal effect on low fouling properties.
Influence of orientation on corrosion behavior of directionally solidified cobalt‐base superalloy
Authors: Ma L. N. , Zhang Z.
Published: February 2015

Oxidation behavior on intersecting and longitudinal surfaces of directionally solidified cobalt‐base superalloy DZ40M was studied respectively at 1050 °C for 0.1 h, 1 h and 10 h and electrochemical property before and after oxidation on two orientations in 3.5% sodium chloride solution at room temperature was investigated. Grain boundaries of DZ40M are conducive to ion diffusion at elevated temperature and the higher area fraction of grain boundaries on intersecting surface results in higher oxidation rate and more CoO in the oxide layers. Carbides with Cr depletion zone around vulnerable to corrosion are located in grain boundaries, and unoxidized intersecting surface with higher area fraction of grain boundaries is prone to more serious uneven general corrosion. After oxidation, the corrosion resistance of the alloy is enhanced because oxide layer preferentially covers the grain boundaries and relieves the unevenness of corrosion. The protective effect of oxide layer is mainly provided by the innermost compact and continuous chromium oxide (Cr2O3). The intersecting surface has lower Ecorr and higher icorr, for the protective Cr2O3 layer on this orientation is largely consumed by excessive cobalt oxide to form CoCr2O4.
Identification of novel mutations in Mexican patients with Aarskog–Scott syndrome
Authors: Pérez‐Coria Mariana , Lugo‐Trampe José J. , Zamudio‐Osuna Michell , Rodríguez‐Sánchez Iram P. , Lugo‐Trampe Angel , de la Fuente‐Cortez Beatriz , Campos‐Acevedo Luis D. , Martínez‐de‐Villarreal Laura E.
Published: February 2015

Aarskog–Scott syndrome (AAS), also known as faciogenital dysplasia (FGD, OMIM # 305400), is an X‐linked disorder of recessive inheritance, characterized by short stature and facial, skeletal, and urogenital abnormalities. AAS is caused by mutations in the FGD1 gene (Xp11.22), with over 56 different mutations identified to date. We present the clinical and molecular analysis of four unrelated families of Mexican origin with an AAS phenotype, in whom FGD1 sequencing was performed. This analysis identified two stop mutations not previously reported in the literature: p.Gln664* and p.Glu380*. Phenotypically, every male patient met the clinical criteria of the syndrome, whereas discrepancies were found between phenotypes in female patients. Our results identify two novel mutations in FGD1, broadening the spectrum of reported mutations; and provide further delineation of the phenotypic variability previously described in AAS.
Gradient correction for polygonal and polyhedral finite elements
Authors: Talischi Cameron , Pereira Anderson , Menezes Ivan F. M. , Paulino Glaucio H.
Published: February 2015

Previous studies have shown that the commonly used quadrature schemes for polygonal and polyhedral finite elements lead to consistency errors that persist under mesh refinement and subsequently render the approximations non‐convergent. In this work, we consider minimal perturbations to the gradient field at the element level in order to restore polynomial consistency and recover optimal convergence rates when the weak form integrals are evaluated using quadrature. For finite elements of arbitrary order, we state the accuracy requirements on the underlying volumetric and boundary quadrature rules and discuss the properties of the resulting corrected gradient operator. We compare the proposed approach with the pseudo‐derivative method developed by Belytschko and co‐workers and, for linear elliptic problems, with our previous remedy that involves splitting of polynomial and non‐polynomial of elemental energy bilinear form. We present several numerical results for linear and nonlinear elliptic problems in two and three dimensions that not only confirm the recovery of optimal convergence rates but also suggest that the global error levels are close to those of approximations obtained from exact evaluation of the weak form integrals. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile synthesis of magnetic poly(styrene‐co‐4‐vinylbenzene‐boronic acid) microspheres for selective enrichment of glycopeptides
Authors: Wang Mengyi , Zhang Xiangmin , Deng Chunhui
Published: February 2015

In this work, the composites of magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2@poly (styrene‐co‐4‐vinylbenzene‐boronic acid) microspheres with well‐defined core–shell–shell structure were facilely synthesized and applied to selectively enrich glycopeptides. Due to the relatively large amount of vinyl groups introduced by 3‐methacryloxy‐propyl‐trimethoxysilane on the core‐shell surface, the poly(styrene‐co‐4‐vinylbenzeneboronic acid) (PSV) was coated with high efficiency, resulting in a large amount of boronic acid on the outermost polymer shell of the Fe3O4@SiO2@PSV microspheres, which is of great importance to improve the enrichment efficiency for glycopeptides. The obtained Fe3O4@SiO2@PSV microspheres were successfully applied to the enrichment of glycopeptides with strong specificity and high selectivity, evaluated by capturing glycopeptides from tryptic digestion of model glycoprotein HRP diluted to 0.05 ng/μL (1.25 × 10−13 mol, 100 μL), tryptic digest of HRP and nonglycosylated BSA up to the ratio of 1:120 w/w and the real complex sample human serum with 103 unique N‐glycosylation peptides of 46 different glycoproteins enriched.
Identification of the PRMT1v1 and PRMT1v2 specific interactomes by quantitative mass spectrometry in breast cancer cells
Authors: Baldwin R. Mitchell , Bejide Margaret , Trinkle‐Mulcahy Laura , Côté Jocelyn
Published: February 2015

Arginine methylation is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). The PRMT1 gene generates at least seven distinct alternatively spliced isoforms (PRMT v1–v7), which together contribute a significant portion of the cellular arginine methylome. The distinct biochemical and biological functions of these PRMT1 isoforms have not been well characterized. Previously we have shown that while both PRMT1v1 and PRMT1v2 are overexpressed in breast cancer cells, PRMT1v2 specifically promotes breast cancer cell survival and invasion. These isoforms also have distinct subcellular localizations, PRMT1v1 is mainly nuclear and PRMT1v2 cytosolic. To gain further knowledge into their isoform‐specific roles within cells we used a SILAC‐based quantitative affinity purification/MS approach to identify their individual protein interactomes in breast cancer cells. This analysis has uncovered distinct interactomes for PRMT1v1 and PRMT1v2. Consistent with their distinct subcellular localizations, PRMT1v1 enriched a mainly nuclear protein interactome, while PRMT1v2 enriched predominantly cytoplasmic interactors from whole‐cell extracts. Furthermore, these interactomes revealed that PRMT1v1 has a role in regulating gene expression, while PRMT1v2 functions in cytoskeletal dynamics. These results highlight the unique functions of these isoforms and the distinct roles they may play within cells, with potential implications for breast cancer and other diseases.
Cylinder Test Correction for Copper Work Hardening and Spall
Authors: Souers P. Clark , Minich Roger
Published: February 2015

As a basis for the corrections to be discussed, an analytical equation is first presented for calculating detonation energy densities from copper wall velocities in the Cylinder test. Steinberg‐Guinan work hardening is sufficient for the Cylinder problem, between 1 and 60 GPa, with a change of Yo to 0.10 kJ cm−3 for annealed copper. An air gap correction was the first to be applied, which is a function of the initial air gap width and the tilt angle of the cylinder. Irreversible heat loss was also found to be a small error. Spall is calibrated using new copper gun shot data and this energy is also small. The model up through work hardening agrees with the code, which does not contain heat loss or spall, both of which equal the error of repetitive calculation. The effect of the many additions to the original Gurney energy is shown.
Production and Characterization of Composite Nano‐RDX by RESS Co‐Precipitation
Authors: He Beidi , Stepanov Victor , Qiu Hongwei , Krasnoperov Lev N.
Published: February 2015

Nanoscale composites of hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) and polymeric binders were produced by co‐precipitation using rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS). The binders used in this study are poly (vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (VDF‐HFP22) and polystyrene (PS). The RDX/VDF‐HFP22 and RDX/PS co‐precipitated nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The average size of produced nanoparticles is ca. 100 nm. TEM analysis of RDX/PS nanocomposite shows a core‐shell structure with RDX as the core material and the shell consisting of the polymeric binder. X‐ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) analysis indicates polycrystalline structure of RDX in the product with a crystallite size of 42 nm. The content of RDX in the composite particles is in the range of 70–73 % by mass as determined by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) and by XRPD.
In‐situ Monitoring of Flow‐Permeable Surface Area of High Explosive Powder using Small Sample Masses
Authors: Maiti Amitesh , Han Yong , Zaka Fowzia , Gee Richard H.
Published: February 2015

To ensure good performance of high explosive devices over long periods of time, initiating powders need to maintain their specific surface area within allowed margins during the entire duration of deployment. A common diagnostic used in this context is the Fisher sub‐sieves surface area (FSSA). Commercial permeametry instruments measuring the FSSA requires the utilization of a sample mass equal to the crystal density of the sample material, an amount that is often one or two orders of magnitude larger than the typical masses found in standard detonator applications. Here we develop a customization of the standard device that can utilize just tens of milligram samples, and with simple calibration yield FSSA values at accuracy levels comparable to the standard apparatus. This necessitated a newly designed sample holder, made from a material of low coefficient of thermal expansion, which is conveniently transferred between an aging chamber and a re‐designed permeametry tube. This improves the fidelity of accelerated aging studies by allowing measurement on the same physical sample at various time‐instants during the aging process, and by obviating the need for a potentially FSSA‐altering powder re‐compaction step. We used the customized apparatus to monitor the FSSA evolution of a number of undoped and homolog‐doped PETN powder samples that were subjected to artificial aging for several months at elevated temperatures. These results, in conjunction with an Arrhenius‐based aging model were used to assess powder‐coarsening‐rates under long‐term storage.
TiO thin films on GaN(0001)
Authors: Wasielewski Radosław , Mazur Piotr , Grodzicki Miłosz , Ciszewski Antoni
Published: February 2015

Physical features of titanium monoxide layers deposited on p‐GaN(0001) substrate are reported in this paper. TiO was deposited under ultrahigh vacuum at room temperature. As revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) the deposit had grainy structure. The X‐ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS/UPS) studies have shown that, depending on the altered by annealing morphology of the TiO‐based film, work function of the system underwent changes and electronic structure of the deposit displayed metallic character. The formation of specific TiN and ON bonds is confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. Electrical conductance of the TiO‐based/p‐GaN interface has been studied by current‐sensing atomic force microscopy (CS‐AFM) with Au‐covered tip. Formation of ohmic nano‐contacts on p‐GaN surfaces was observed over whole probed surface. The contacts were homogeneous in contrast to the grainy structure of TiO‐based film. The results suggest that TiO may be considered as an intermediate semiconducting layer (ISL) useful for p‐GaN electrical contact engineering.
Dynamically consistent shallow‐water equation sets in non‐spherical geometry with latitudinal variation of gravity
Authors: Staniforth Andrew
Published: February 2015

The shallow‐water equations in spherical geometry have proven to be an invaluable prototypical tool to advance geophysical fluid dynamics. Many of the fundamental terms and properties, including dynamical consistency, needed to model Earth's atmosphere and oceans are embodied within them. Limitations to their wider use include the following: representation of the Earth as a sphere, rather than as an ellipsoid; gravity not varying latitudinally, but being held constant; the Coriolis force being incompletely represented; and no representation of vertical acceleration.

Recent work has addressed the first three limitations, but not simultaneously. The present work addresses all four simultaneously by endowing the equations selectively with supplementary terms, whilst respecting dynamical consistency. This is accomplished using Hamilton's principle of least action, but could be done otherwise. It leads to a switch‐controlled quartet of shallow‐water equation sets, all of which include topography.

Potential future applications include the following: further sensitivity tests to assess the possible impact of latitudinal variation of gravity; development of improved numerical methods with good conservation properties; examination of the stability of discretizations of the Coriolis terms; and sensitivity tests for the possible impact of vertical acceleration as a function of decreasing horizontal scale. Sensitivity experimentation would, however, necessitate scale analysis of flow regimes to ensure correct interpretation of results.
Limited Surgery for Benign Tumours of the Pancreas: A Systematic Review
Authors: Beger H. G. , Siech M. , Poch B. , Mayer B. , Schoenberg M. H.
Published: February 2015

Background

Limited surgical procedures for benign cystic neoplasms and endocrine tumours of the pancreas have the potential advantage of pancreatic tissue sparing compared to standard oncological resections.

Methods

Searching PubMed/MedLine, Embase and Cochrane Library identified 86 full papers: 25 reporting on enucleation (EN), 38 on central pancreatectomy (CP) and 23 on duodenum‐preserving total/partial pancreatic head resection (DPPHRt/p). The results are based on analysis of data of 838, 912 and 431 patients for EN, CP and DPPHRt/s, respectively.

Results

The indication for EN for cystic neoplasms and neuro‐endocrine tumours to EN was 20.5 and 73 %; for CP 62.9 and 31 %; and for DPPHRt/p 69.6 and 10.2 %, respectively. The estimated mean tumour sizes were in EN‐group 2.4 cm, in CP‐group 2.9 cm and in DPPHRt/p‐group 3.1 cm (DPPHRt/p vs EN, p = 0.035). Postoperative severe complications developed after EN, CP and DPPHRt/p in 9.6, 16.8 and 11.5 % of patients; pancreatic fistula in 36.7, 35.2 and 20.1 %; and reoperation was required in 4.7, 6.5 and 1.8 %, respectively. Hospital mortality after EN was 0.95 %; after CP 0.72 %; and after DPPHRt/p 0.49 %. Compared to EN and CP, DPPHRt/p exhibited significant lower frequency of reoperation (p = 0.029, p < 0.001) and lower rate of fistula (p < 0.001; p = 0.001).

Conclusion

EN, CP and DPPHRt/p applied for benign tumours are associated with low surgery‐related early postoperative morbidity, a very low hospital mortality and the advantages of conservation of pancreatic functions. However, the level of evidence for EN and CP compared to standard oncological resections appears presently low. There is a high level of evidence from prospective controlled trials regarding the significant maintenance of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions after DPPHRt/p compared to pancreato‐duodenectomy.
The Effect of Feedback regarding Coping Strategies and Illness Behavior on Hand Surgery Patient Satisfaction and Communication: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mellema Jos J. , O'Connor Casey M. , Overbeek Celeste L. , Hageman Michiel G. , Ring David
Published: February 2015

Background

Patients and surgeons can feel uncomfortable discussing coping strategies, psychological distress, and stressful circumstances. It has been suggested that patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) facilitate the discussion of factors associated with increased symptoms and disability. This study assessed the effect of providing feedback to patients regarding their coping strategy and illness behavior on patient satisfaction and patient-physician communication in orthopedic surgery.

Methods

In a prospective study, 136 orthopedic patients were randomly assigned to either receive feedback about the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Interference computer-adaptive test (CAT) prior to the visit with the hand surgeon or not. The primary outcome was patient satisfaction with the consultation and secondary outcomes involved patient-physician communication. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to determine the influence of the feedback on patient satisfaction and communication.

Results

There was no significant difference in patient satisfaction between patients who received feedback and patients who did not ( P=0.70). Feedback was associated with more frequent discussion of coping strategies ( P=0.045) in bivariate analysis but was not independently associated: in multivariable analysis, only PROMIS Pain Interference CAT and age were identified as independent predictors (odds ratio (OR) 1.1; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.0–1.1, P=0.013, and OR 0.97, 95 % CI 0.94–0.99, P=0.032, respectively). No factors were associated with discussion of stressors. Discussion of circumstances was independently associated with increased PROMIS Pain Interference CAT, marital status, and work status.

Conclusion

We found that feedback regarding coping strategies and illness behavior using the PROMIS Pain Interference CAT did not affect patient satisfaction. Although feedback was associated with increased discussion of illness behavior in bivariate analysis, less effective coping strategies and personal factors (age, marital status, and work status) were more important factors.
Humidity interaction of lichens under astrobiological aspects: the impact of UVC exposure on their water retention properties
Authors: Jänchen J. , Meeßen J. , Herzog T.H. , Feist M. , de la Torre R. , deVera J.-P.P.
Published: February 2015

We quantitatively studied the hydration and dehydration behaviour of the three astrobiological model lichens Xanthoria elegans, Buellia frigida and Circinaria gyrosa by thermoanalysis and gravimetric isotherm measurements under close-to-Martian environmental conditions in terms of low temperature and low pressure. Additionally, the impact of UVC exposure on the isolated symbionts of B. frigida and X. elegans was studied by thermoanalysis and mass spectrometry as well as by gravimetric isotherm measurements. The thermal analysis revealed whewellite as a component of C. gyrosa which was not found in B. frigida and X. elegans. Neither the water retention nor the thermal behaviour of symbionts changed when irradiated with UVC under dry conditions. On the other hand, UVC irradiation of the wet mycobiont of B. frigida had a distinct impact on the hydration/dehydration ability which was not observed for the mycobiont of X. elegans. Possibly the melanin of B. frigida's mycobiont, that is not present in X. elegans, or a specifically damaged acetamido group of the chitin of B. frigida may be the sources of additional UVC-induced sorption sites for water associated with the UVC exposure.
AMERICAN BACH SOCIETY BIENNIAL MEETING: JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH AND HIS SONS KENYON COLLEGE, 1–4 MAY 2014
Authors: TALLE ANDREW
Published: February 2015

The biennial meeting of the American Bach Society inspired the participation of around fifty scholars, performers and other Bach enthusiasts from the United States, Canada and Germany. Organizers included Ellen Exner (University of South Carolina), Markus Rathey (Yale University), Don O. Franklin (Emeritus, University of Pittsburgh), Steven Crist (Emory University) and Reginald Sanders (Kenyon College), who deserves particular thanks for serving as local arrangements chair, a task he dispatched with characteristic aplomb. Kenyon College offered a beautiful and stimulating setting for the conference, and the American Bach Society owes a great debt of thanks to Kenyon President Sean M. Decatur and Provost Joseph L. Klesner, as well as to their Executive Assistant, Pamela J. Faust, for their warm welcome and help with logistics.
Mid-infrared laser filaments in the atmosphere
Authors: Mitrofanov A. V. , Voronin A. A. , Sidorov-Biryukov D. A. , Pugžlys A. , Stepanov E. A. , Andriukaitis G. , Flöry T. , Ališauskas S. , Fedotov A. B. , Baltuška A. , Zheltikov A. M.
Published: February 2015

Filamentation of ultrashort laser pulses in the atmosphere offers unique opportunities for long-range transmission of high-power laser radiation and standoff detection. With the critical power of self-focusing scaling as the laser wavelength squared, the quest for longer-wavelength drivers, which would radically increase the peak power and, hence, the laser energy in a single filament, has been ongoing over two decades, during which time the available laser sources limited filamentation experiments in the atmosphere to the near-infrared and visible ranges. Here, we demonstrate filamentation of ultrashort mid-infrared pulses in the atmosphere for the first time. We show that, with the spectrum of a femtosecond laser driver centered at 3.9 μm, right at the edge of the atmospheric transmission window, radiation energies above 20 mJ and peak powers in excess of 200 GW can be transmitted through the atmosphere in a single filament. Our studies reveal unique properties of mid-infrared filaments, where the generation of powerful mid-infrared supercontinuum is accompanied by unusual scenarios of optical harmonic generation, giving rise to remarkably broad radiation spectra, stretching from the visible to the mid-infrared.
Prejudiced interactions: implicit racial bias reduces predictive simulation during joint action with an out-group avatar
Authors: Sacheli Lucia Maria , Christensen Andrea , Giese Martin A. , Taubert Nick , Pavone Enea Francesco , Aglioti Salvatore Maria , Candidi Matteo
Published: February 2015

During social interactions people automatically apply stereotypes in order to rapidly categorize others. Racial differences are among the most powerful cues that drive these categorizations and modulate our emotional and cognitive reactivity to others. We investigated whether implicit racial bias may also shape hand kinematics during the execution of realistic joint actions with virtual in- and out-group partners. Caucasian participants were required to perform synchronous imitative or complementary reach-to-grasp movements with avatars that had different skin color (white and black) but showed identical action kinematics. Results demonstrate that stronger visuo-motor interference (indexed here as hand kinematics differences between complementary and imitative actions) emerged: i) when participants were required to predict the partner's action goal in order to on-line adapt their own movements accordingly; ii) during interactions with the in-group partner, indicating the partner's racial membership modulates interactive behaviors. Importantly, the in-group/out-group effect positively correlated with the implicit racial bias of each participant. Thus visuo-motor interference during joint action, likely reflecting predictive embodied simulation of the partner's movements, is affected by cultural inter-individual differences.
Large-Scale Synthesis of Palladium Concave Nanocubes with High-Index Facets for Sustainable Enhanced Catalytic Performance
Authors: Xie Xiaobin , Gao Guanhui , Pan Zhengyin , Wang Tingjun , Meng Xiaoqing , Cai Lintao
Published: February 2015

The catalytic activity of palladium (Pd) nanostructures highly relies on their size and morphology, especially enclosed with high-index facets, which provide more active sites so as to enhance their catalytic performance comparing with their low-index facet counterparts. Herein, Pd concave nanocubes enclosed with {730} facets by a one-pot scalable liquid method, with various high-index facets are synthesized via tuning reduction kinetics. Due to their high-index facets, the Pd concave nanocubes exhibit much higher electrocatalytic activity and stability for methanol oxidation than the Pd nanocubes enclosed by {100} facets and commercial Pd/C. Furthermore, we scale up synthesis of Pd concave nanocubes by expanding the volume of all species to fifty times with high-yield production.
Revealing backward rescattering photoelectron interference of molecules in strong infrared laser fields
Authors: Li Min , Sun Xufei , Xie Xiguo , Shao Yun , Deng Yongkai , Wu Chengyin , Gong Qihuang , Liu Yunquan
Published: February 2015

Photoelectrons ionized from atoms and molecules in a strong laser field are either emitted directly or rescattered by the nucleus, both of which can serve as efficiently useful tools for molecular orbital imaging. We measure the photoelectron angular distributions of molecules (N2, O2 and CO2) ionized by infrared laser pulses (1320 nm, 0.2 ~ 1 × 1014 W/cm2) from multiphoton to tunneling regime and observe an enhancement of interference stripes in the tunneling regime. Using a semiclassical rescattering model with implementing the interference effect, we show that the enhancement arises from the sub-laser-cycle holographic interference of the contributions of the back-rescattering and the non-rescattering electron trajectory. It is shown that the low-energy backscattering photoelectron interference patterns have encoded the structural information of the molecular initial orbitals and attosecond time-resolved dynamics of photoelectron, opening new paths in high-resolution imaging of sub-Ångström and sub-femtosecond structural dynamics in molecules.