bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mediation of Financial Behavior to Financial Literacy and Spending Habits of Gen Z: An Exploratory Factor Analysis
Authors: Rodriguez Joel Mark P. , Labong Ma. Del Carmen G. , Palallos Lourdes Q.
Published: September 2024

The study aims to explain the relationship of financial literacy with spending habits and behavior. Financial behavior is a mediator of Generation Z. Financial literacy is a very important dimension in making financial decisions, and this research highlighted the direct and indirect impacts that financial literacy exerts on spending behavior. Data is collected from 317 respondents using a structured questionnaire measuring financial literacy, financial behavior, and spending behavior. Correlation, regression, mediation analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling have been used in evaluating these relationships. Financial literacy directly reflects a strong relationship with spending behavior, and its coefficient is 1.167. Financial behavior, therefore, exercises a strong mediation effect on this relationship with a mediation coefficient of 0.797, thus indicating that financial behavior is an essential tool in successfully translating financial knowledge into responsible spending. From these findings, greater financial literacy and responsible financial behavior may increase the aggregate financial efficacy of Generation Z. Although the current study heavily focuses on the fact that financial literacy and behavior are highly associated with financial well-being, it shows that targeted financial literacy education programs on either behavior or financial literacy enhance healthier spending behavior. The scope of future studies involves considering the role of income and personality characteristics as well as an elongation of the time horizon to uncover the impact of financial literacy on shifts in the individual's financial well-being.
Eight-Chop Technique in Phacoemulsification Using Iris Hooks for Patients with Cataracts and Small Pupils
Authors: Sato Tsuyoshi
Published: September 2024

Objectives: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of performing phacoemulsification using the eight-chop technique with iris hooks in patients with small pupils. Methods: The iris hooks and control groups each included 65 eyes. Cataract surgeries were performed using the eight-chop technique. The operative time, phaco time, aspiration time, cumulative dissipated energy, and volume of fluid used were measured. Best-corrected visual acuity, corneal endothelial cell density (CECD), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: In total, 130 eyes of 107 patients (mean age, 75.9 ± 7.1 years; 58 men, 72 women) with cataracts were evaluated. The mean operative time, phaco time, aspiration time, cumulative dissipated energy, and volume of fluid used were 10.6 min, 20.7 s, 101.1 s, 7.8, and 38.0 mL, respectively, in the iris hooks group and 4.6 min, 16.2 s, 72.1 s, 7.0, and 28.9 mL, respectively, in the control group. The decrease in CECD at 19 weeks postoperatively was 2.1% and 1.2% for the iris hooks and control groups, respectively. In both groups, IOP decreased significantly (all p < .01) at 7 and 19 weeks postoperatively. No intraoperative complications were observed in either group. Conclusions: The eight-chop technique using iris hooks resulted in a small postoperative reduction in CECD and excellent values for intraoperative outcome measures. In addition, those cataract surgeries were very short, efficient, and safe, without complications. The eight-chop technique using iris hooks could provide an ideal solution for patients with small pupils.
The Effects of Systemic Tranexamic Acid Administration on Drainage Volume, Duration of Drain Placement, and Length of Hospital Stay in Skin- and Nipple-Sparing Mastectomies with Immediate Expander-Based Reconstruction
Authors: Guggenheim Leon , Magni Sara , Catic Armin , Pagnamenta Alberto , Harder Yves , Schmauss Daniel
Published: September 2024

Background: Skin- (SSM) and nipple-sparing (NSM) mastectomies are frequently performed surgeries with a considerable risk for post-operative hematoma or seroma. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a potent antifibrinolytic drug commonly used in many surgical fields but rather novel in plastic and specifically breast surgery. This study investigates the influence of TXA in patients undergoing SSM or NSM with expander-based reconstruction (EbR) on post-operative outcomes. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted on 132 patients undergoing uni- or bilateral SSM or NSM with EbR between May 2015 and March 2022. Patients receiving systemic TXA treatment for 48 hours following a standardized protocol were compared to those who received no treatment. Multivariable linear regression was performed to identify influencing factors and quantify their effect on drainage volume, duration of drain placement, length of hospital stay, post-operative bleeding, and seroma formation. Results: 132 patients underwent a total of 155 mastectomies (72 in the TXA group, 83 in the control group). TXA significantly reduced drainage volume (-22.3ml, P=0.011). Duration of drain placement and length of hospital stay were significantly shorter in the TXA group (P<0.001 and P=0.001). No significant side effects were reported. Conclusion: TXA is a safe drug if administered respecting the well-defined contraindications. Systemic TXA administration significantly reduces drainage volume in patients undergoing SSM or NSM and should encourage surgeons to reconsider using drains in post-operative protocols. Duration of drain placement and length of hospital stay were significantly reduced in the TXA group but other factors like resection weight might have a more substantial impact.
Effect of Asian Diet on Human Gut Microbiome
Authors: Mendis Eresha , Rajapakse Niranjan , Senevirathne Vashikee
Published: September 2024

The gut microbiome known as the “hidden organ” in humans has received wide attention due to its pivotal role in human health, influencing various physiological functions and metabolic processes. Multiple factors influence the gut microbiome and diet emerging as a prominent determinant. Increasing evidence verifies different dietary patterns modulate gut microbial composition and its functionality. Asia, home to the world's largest population, showcases immense diversity, reflected in its complex dietary patterns influenced by tradition and modernization. A plethora of research evidence proves Asian diet confers beneficial effects on maintaining and improving health through favorable alteration of gut microbiome. Yet up to date, no comprehensive review exists on the influence of the Asian diet on gut microbiome. This review critically examines published data on dietary components from Eastern, Southeastern, Southern, Western and Central Asian diet and their interaction with the human gut microbiome across healthy and diseased states. It identifies strengths and limitations in Asian gut microbiome research. Asia experiences rapid dietary transitions demanding further investigation into their effects on the gut microbiota. However, evidence proves traditional Asian diets hold promise for developing personalized dietary interventions and therapeutics to promote gut health and prevent chronic diseases by modulating gut microbiome.
Microencapsulated Pomegranate Juice Reduces Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) Criteria in Wistar Rats With MetS Induced With 30% Sucrose
Authors: Guerrero-Solano José Antonio , Cancino-Díaz Juan Carlos , Jaramillo-Morales Osmar Antonio , Bautista Mirandeli , Hernández-Uribe Juan Pablo , Talamantes-Gómez José Moisés , Valadez-Vega Carmen , Belefant-Miller Helen , Betanzos-Cabrera Gabriel
Published: September 2024

Pomegranate juice possesses therapeutic properties against metabolic syndrome. Microencapsulation of pomegranate juice (MPJ) may extend its shelf life; however, further research is necessary to ascertain its comparative efficacy with fresh juice. This work evaluated the effect of (MPJ) in an animal model with induced metabolic syndrome (MetS). Male Wistar rats were induced-MetS by administering 30% sucrose orally for 22 weeks. Once MetS was verified in the animals, 7 groups were formed as follows: control (Ctrl); MetS, MetS+Placebo; Ctrl+MPJ; MetS+MPJ1 600, MetS+MPJ2 1800, and MetS+MPJ3 2900 mg/kg. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, and total HDL-c levels in the MetS+MPJ groups improved significantly (p < 0.05) vs. the MetS group at the end of the study. Microencapsulation maintained the anti-metabolic syndrome properties of pomegranate juice and could be used to control metabolic syndrome.
Large Eddy Simulation of the Flow past a Circular Cylinder at Re=130,000: Effects of Numerical Platforms and Single- and Double-Precision Arithmetic
Authors: Lysenko Dmitry A.
Published: September 2024

Numerical simulations of the sub-critical flow past a circular cylinder at the Reynolds number, Re=130,000 are performed using two numerical platforms, commercial, Ansys Fluent and open source, OpenFoam (finite volume method and large eddy simulation based on a differential equation for the sub-grid kinetic energy). An overview of the available experimental data and similar large eddy simulation studies is presented. A detailed analysis of all accumulated data demonstrates satisfactory agreement between them with a dispersion of the order of 10% (for the main integral flow parameters). A detailed comparison of the results obtained by single- and double-precision numerical methods using Ansys Fluent did not reveal any noticeable discrepancies for the integral and local flow parameters, as well as spectral characteristics. It is shown that the behavior of the dynamic system of the fluid dynamic equations computed with single precision is stable by Lyapunov and does not lead to any loss of accuracy. The reconstructed attractors of the dynamic systems in the phase space are limited by an ellipsoid.
Fermented By-Products of Banana Wine Production Improved Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken, and Flavor Fingerprint of Chicken Chest Meats
Authors: Li Zhichun , He Xuemei , Tang Yayuan , Yi Ping , Yang Ying , Li Jiemin , Ling Dongning , Chen Bo Jie , Khoo Hock Eng , Sun Jian
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of incorporating fermented feed into the daily diet on the slaughter performance, meat quality, and flavor compounds of cage-raised chicken. The control group (CK) of the Guangxi Partridge chicken was provided a standard base diet (CK), which was supplemented with 10% fermented banana peel (Pe-10), 20% fermented banana peel (Pe-20), 10% fermented banana pulp residue (Pu-10) and 20% fermented banana pulp residue (Pu-20). The slaughter performance, meat quality, and flavor compounds in the meat samples of the chicken in these groups were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the chicken in Pe-10, Pe-20, Pu-10, and Pu-20 had pectoral muscle percentages, thigh muscle percentages, and total fatty acid content of the chest meat in the Pe-10, Pe-20, Pu-10, and Pu-20 groups were higher than that observed in the CK group. The moisture content, meat color, carcass weight, total net weight, and abdominal fat percentage of the meat samples in these experimental groups exhibited no notable differences. The flavor compounds in the meat samples of the chicken fed with the two concentrations of fermented banana peel and banana pulp residue exhibited notable differences from those in the control group. An increase in the quantity of fermented banana peel incorporated into the daily diet from 10% to 20% resulted in a notable alteration in the flavor profile of the chest meat samples. In conclusion, the inclusion of varying proportions of fermented banana peels and dregs in the diet has been demonstrated to enhance both the slaughter performance and the quality of the chicken, while also influencing the flavor profile.
Assessing Progress on Indigenous Self-Determination Rights: Comparative Insights from Chile, Colombia, and Mexico
Authors: M.A. Ramírez-Salazar , O.A. Guirette-Barbosa , S. Castañeda-Burciaga , L.I. García-Estrada , J. Villanueva-Maldondo , Celaya-Padilla José M.
Published: September 2024

Recent advancements have been observed in the global legal framework, particularly in the recognition of Indigenous peoples' rights, among which the right to self-determination stands out. This right encompasses the ability to define their political status and to pursue economic, social, and cultural development autonomously. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) has identified six criteria to evaluate adherence to these rights. This study aims to assess the progress made by Chile, Colombia, and Mexico in meeting these criteria. Employing a non-experimental, cross-sectional, and exploratory research design, the study utilized a questionnaire based on a Likert scale to gather data from residents of Indigenous communities within the three countries under consideration. Findings suggest that the criterion most adequately met is that of cultural identity and non-discrimination, whereas the criterion pertaining to the right to prior, free, and informed consultation and consent is the least fulfilled. Through principal component analysis, it was noted that Colombia exhibits a higher level of compliance with the right to self-determination, followed by Mexico, with Chile demonstrating a divergence and lagging in progress. The study concludes that a significant challenge for these countries lies in continuing efforts to effectively meet these standards and ensure the right to self-determination for Indigenous and tribal peoples.
Acute Gastric Dilatation Syndrome in New World Non-Human Primates
Authors: Sousa Mônica , Siqueira Raoane S. , Nascimmento Harlan H. L. , Lima Telma S. , Silva Raquel A. F. , Santos Nayadjala T.A. , Nery Thiago F.L. , Lacerda Karoline L. , Eloy Lilian R.C. , Clementino Inácio José , Lucena Ricardo B.
Published: September 2024

This report describes the pathological findings of acute gastric dilatation syndrome in New World nonhuman primates that died suddenly. The animals were kept in a Zoo and were received proper nutritional and sanitary management. The animals were submitted for necropsy, and macroscopic findings included gastric and duodenal dilation with marked mesenteric vascular congestion. Gastric and intestinal contents were sent for microbiological examination, and bacterial colonies were isolated and identified as Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Cronobacter sakazakii. The antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that these bacteria had different re-sistance patterns to several antibiotics. Cronobacter sakazakii was susceptible to Ampicillin and Norfloxacin and resistant to Penicillin and Clindamycin. Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen in animals, frequently reported in cases of human’s enterocolitis. Acute gastric dilata-tion, previously described in Old World nonhuman primates, is a cause of sudden death in Neo-tropical primates and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of sudden mortality in these species. Although its pathogenicity in primates has not been elucidated, the isolation of Cronobacter sakazakii from samples suggests its presence in the environment, emphasizing the need for reinforced hygiene measures, especially of food supplied for these animals.
From Binary to Multi-Class: Neural Networks for Structural Damage Classification in Bridge Monitoring Under Static and Dynamic Loading
Authors: Kardoulias Andreas , Arailopoulos Alexandros , Seventekidis Panagiotis
Published: September 2024

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) plays a vital role in ensuring the health status of a wide range of structures, such as bridges, buildings and large infrastructure in general. The advantages of this process can be further enhanced by incorporating more numerical and statistical approaches into traditional methods, such as Finite Element Analysis and Machine Learning. In this study a bridge structure is examined, and neural networks are trained with data derived from finite element analyses under static loads and dynamic excitations. Initially, a binary classification problem is addressed, where numerically trained classifiers are tasked with identifying whether the structure is in a healthy state or not. This category is further divided into two subcategories, depending on the extent of the damage present in the structure. Subsequently, a multi-class classification problem is defined, where three different damage classes of the same extent are considered, and the trained network is required to distinguish between them. Finally, conclusions are drawn from the results of the study regarding the model error parameter, the impact of the damage size, as well as the types of neural networks and training data used.
Homoclinic Orbits and Chaos in the Un-Perturbed System for Quintic Duffing Equation
Authors: Zeraoulia Rafik , Martinez Lorenzo , Ocampo R. David L.
Published: September 2024

In this paper we have investigated the driven quintic Duffing equa- tion. Using some analysis technique, we are able to predict the number of limit cycles around the equilibrium and to develop a theoretical ap- proach to chaos transition in damped driven systems.
The Use of Faculty Inventor Social Capital to Facilitate University Technology Transfer: A Multiple Case Study Inquiry Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Townes Malcolm
Published: September 2024

The current practices of the technology transfer profession seem to reflect the belief that the chances for success are greatly improved when faculty inventors employ their social capital to facilitate the process. However, there is a gap in the university technology transfer literature regarding our understanding of faculty inventor social capital in the technology transfer process. The aim of this study was to understand whether the use of faculty inventor social capital is a causal condition for successful university technology transfer. This question was examined using a multiple case study approach and the qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) method. The results of the study suggest that the use of faculty inventor social capital is not a necessary, sufficient, or INUS condition for the occurrence of university technology transfer.
Identification of Rice Varieties Based on Nutritional Quality Estimation Through UAV Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Yan Lei , Liu Cen , Zain Muhammad , Cheng Minghan , Huo Zhonhyang , Sun Chenming
Published: September 2024

Identification of nutritious rice variety through non-destructive detection technology is necessary for high quality seed production. With the development in technology, rapid and non-destructive identification methods based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology are increasingly gaining scientific community attention. This study utilized hyperspectral imaging technology to acquire spectral reflectance data from the rice canopy during the grain-filling stage. Different models (Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression, SMLR and the Back Propagation Neural Network, BPNN) for estimating rice nutritional quality indicators based on canopy spectral information were constructed using both multiple stepwise regression and BP neural networks. The results showed that the model based on BPNN estimation performed best for predicting grain protein content, with an R2 =0.9516 and RMSE=0.3492, indicating high accuracy and stability of the model. Overall, hyperspectral imaging technology combined with various model could significantly help to identify rice varieties. Further, the current findings provide a technical reference for the selection of high-quality rice varieties in a non-destructive manner.
The Entropy of Mixing in Self-Assembly and the Role of Surface Tension in Modeling the Critical Micelle Concentration
Authors: Müh Frank
Published: September 2024

A theory for the micelle formation of nonionic head-tail amphiphiles (detergents) in aqueous solutions is derived based on the traditional molecular thermodynamic modeling approach and a variant of Flory-Huggins theory that goes beyond lattice models. The theory is used to analyze experimental values for the critical micelle concentration of n-alkyl-ß-D-maltosides within a mass action model. To correlate those parts of the micellization free energy, that depend on the transfer of hydrophobic molecule parts into the aqueous phase, with molecular surfaces, known data for the solubility of alkanes in water are reanalyzed. The correct surface tension to be used in connection with the solvent excluded surface of the alky tail is 30 mN/m. This value is smaller than the measured surface tension of a macroscopic alkane-water interface, because the transfer free energy contains a contribution from the incorporation of the alkane or alkyl chain into water representing the change in free volume of the aqueous phase. Flory-Huggins theory works well, if one takes into account the difference in liberation free energy between micelles and monomers, which can be described in terms of the aggregation number as well as the thermal deBroglie wavelength and the free volume of the detergent monomer.
Novel Fluidic Oscillator Evaluation Considering Dimensional Modifications
Authors: Karimzadegan Kavoos , Bergada Josep M.
Published: September 2024

Although flow mixing and cooling can be greatly enhanced when considering the use of Fluidic Oscillators (FO), they are more commonly employed in Active Flow Control (AFC) applications where the injected pulsating flow interacts with the boundary layer in order to usually delay its separation. In fact, prior to any FO implementation in a given application, it is essential to study the range of frequencies and amplitudes it can generate as a function of the incoming mass flow and its dimensions. This point is what is being enlightened in the present manuscript for a rather novel FO configuration. We are numerically studding a standard FO configuration in three dimensions 3D and also using a two dimensional 2D approach. After comparing the 3D and the 2D results and analyzing the main differences, we modified some of the internal dimensions of the FO in order to evaluate the variation of its dynamic performance. The present results clarify which internal dimensional modifications are more effective in generating larger output frequencies and velocity field variations. Care is taken to analyze the origin of the self sustained oscillations. In fact, the present research needs to be seen as the continuation of a former one recently published , where the effect of several Reynolds numbers as well as some different internal dimensions was considered.
Investigation of Scaling and Materials Performance in Simulated Geothermal Brine
Authors: Martelo David , Holmes Briony , Kale Namrata , Scott Samuel Warren , Paul Shiladitya
Published: September 2024

Geothermal energy generation faces challenges in efficiency, partly due to restrictions on reinjection temperatures caused by scaling issues. Therefore, developing strategies to prevent scaling is critical. This study aims to simulate the scaling tendencies and corrosion effects of geothermal fluids on various construction materials used in scaling reactor/retention tank systems. A range of materials, including carbon steel, austenitic stainless steel, duplex stainless steel, two proprietary two-part epoxy coatings, and thermally sprayed aluminium (TSA), were tested in a simulated geothermal brine. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory vessel designed to replicate the wall shear stress conditions expected in a scaling reactor. The tests revealed varying scaling tendencies among the materials, with minimal corrosion observed. The dominant scale formed was calcium carbonate, consistent with geochemical modelling. The findings suggest that despite the high operating temperatures, the risk of corrosion remains low due to the brine's low chloride content, while the wettability of materials after immersion may serve as a useful indicator for selecting those that promote scaling.
Recent Advancements In Hplc Method Development And Validation: Pushing The Boundaries Of Analysis
Authors: Talreja Shreya , Tiwari Shashank
Published: September 2024

The high performance of liquid chromatography(HPLC) has long been an indispensable tool for vigilance and analysis across range disciplines such as pharmaceuticals, environmental monitoring, food safety attributes etc. We will discuss about HPLC method development and validation, types of liquid chromatography methods focusing on proper use of a mobile phase like an eluent selection, how to optimize the conditions as well take it through its various procedures required for approval from regulatory bodies. Strategies to improve method robustness, sensitivity and reproducibility are highlighted. The future breakthroughs in HPLC technology and some innovative trends have also been speculated to limit this fundamental methodology.
A Dual-Phase Framework for Enhanced Churn Prediction in Motor Insurance using Cave-Degree and Magnetic Force Perturbation Techniques
Authors: Chai Emmanuel , Hadullo Kennedy , Tole Kevin , Stephen Dorca Nyamusi
Published: September 2024

This study presents a novel predictive model to address the churn problem in the motor insurance sector using a dual-phase framework. The first phase employs a cave-degree perturbation technique for effective feature selection, while the second phase applies the Magnetic Force Perturbation Technique (MFPT) to optimize the search process and avoid local optima traps. Two metaheuristics are proposed: the Adaptive Random Forest-Assisted Large Neighborhood Feature Optimizer (ARALFO) and the Adaptive Random Forest Particle Swarm Optimizer (ARFPSO) to enhance churn prediction accuracy. The model was evaluated on two real-world motor insurance datasets, achieving a 95% accuracy rate and outperforming state-of-the-art algorithms. An ablation study confirmed the significant impact of the cave-degree and MFPT techniques in boosting predictive performance.
Surgical Management of a Delayed Presentation of Floating First Metacarpal with Multiple Fracture Dislocations
Authors: Jose Jerome J. Terrence
Published: September 2024

Case:

A 23-year-old man presented with a 2-month-old injury involving a volar base metacarpal fracture dislocation of carpometacarpal joint (CMC), metacarpophalangeal joint (MP) dislocation, floating metacarpal, and proximal phalanx base fracture. Treatment involved open reduction of volar base metacarpal’s fracture and CMC dislocation, MP joint reduction, collateral ligament repair, and proximal phalanx fixation with plates and screws. A modified Eaton-Littler procedure with flexor carpi radialis tendon enhanced CMC joint stability. At 6 weeks, fractures had healed well, achieving good thumb motion. One-year follow-up showed no arthritis or dislocation.

Conclusion:

Thumb injuries are relatively common and can involve complex fractures and dislocations. Open reduction of the delayed fractures, dislocations, and ligament repair and reconstruction can lead to successful outcome.
Long-Term Distributed Temperature Sensing Monitoring for Near-Wellbore Gas Migration and Gas Hydrate Formation
Authors: Garcia-Ceballos A. M. , Jin G. , Collett T. S. , Merey S. , Haines S. S.
Published: September 2024

Well integrity monitoring has always been a critical component of subsurface oil and gas operations. Distributed fiber-optic sensing is an emerging technology that shows great promise for monitoring processes, both in boreholes and in other settings. In this study, we present a case study of using distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology to monitor a cemented and plugged well in the Alaska North Slope (ANS). The well was drilled as part of a long-term gas hydrate study, and the downhole DTS data were recorded over a period of approximately 2 years. By applying a temporal gradient and removing instrument instability noise, we reveal subtle (<0.001°C/h) thermal anomalies, which are characterized by brief warming periods followed by longer cooling periods at discrete depths along the borehole. The observed coherent events show an upward trajectory from deeper formations into the overlying permafrost interval, with the thermal anomalies concentrated in relatively coarse-grained sandstone layers. We also observe that the upward migration rate of the DTS anomalies varies with formation lithology and that there is a spatial and temporal correlation between the subsurface events and measured wellhead annular pressures. We interpret that the observed warming events represent the exothermic process of gas hydrate formation that is occurring in association with the upward migration of gas outside the well casing, and this interpretation is confirmed by numerical simulations. These observations demonstrate the ability of suitably processed DTS data to detect subtle processes and highlight the value of DTS technologies for wellbore integrity monitoring.
The behavioral phenotype in a cohort of patients with chromosome 18 anomalies: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Allegri Beatrice , Ajmone Paola Francesca , Michelini Giovanni , Antonietti Virginia , Tornielli Silvia , Bruschi Fabio , Dall’Ara Francesca , Monti Federico , Milani Donatella , Vizziello Paola Giovanna , Costantino Maria Antonella
Published: September 2024

Background
Genetic syndromes resulting from chromosome 18 structural abnormalities constitute a broad spectrum of conditions characterized by significant clinical heterogeneity. Most studies in the literature focus on case reports and clinical observations; the present study aims to assess the cognitive, communicative, behavioral, and adaptive abilities of different chromosome 18 abnormalities. In addition, this work aims to identify phenotype-genotype correlations by comparing individuals with 18p deletion, 18q deletion, and 18p tetrasomy.
Methods
The sample included 24 patients with a definite genetic diagnosis of 18p deletion (N = 6), 18q deletion (N = 9), or 18p tetrasomy (N = 8). The assessment is provided by using a specific protocol based on direct and indirect clinical assessment of patients. Differences in IQ/GQ indexes, adaptive behavior, CARS scores, and CBCL internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed using ANCOVAs with age as covariate.
Results
Our results showed more significant cognitive and behavioral impairment in tetrasomy 18 than in the other two conditions. Conversely, in 18p deletion group, we found greater behaviorally susceptibility to develop autistic traits.
Conclusion
These preliminary findings should raise clinicians’ awareness of the strengths and weaknesses of patients with chromosome 18 alterations, paving the way to targeted and more appropriate management.
Unveiling Mechanisms of Chemotherapy Resistance: Targeting FOXP1 Phase Separation in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Guo Linlang , Tang Yichun , Niu Yuchun , Hu Yueyang , Chen Yi , Zhou Xuyang , Sun Lei , Xiong Yan , Xu Yue , Wang Qiongyao , Wang Yu
Published: September 2024

Our study elucidates the role of FOXP1 in chemoresistance in SCLC. FOXP1 enhances chemoresistance by regulating SP8 expression through its super-enhancer (SP8-SE), with SP8 mediating resistance via the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway. We also discovered that FOXP1 forms punctate nuclear structures indicative of liquid-liquid phase separation 1, crucial for its transcriptional regulation. Targeting the FOXP1-SP8-HR axis with BRD4 and PARP inhibitors showed synergistic effects in reducing tumor growth in vitro and in patient-derived xenograft models. These findings identify FOXP1 as a critical mediator and marker of chemoresistance in SCLC, providing a foundation for developing targeted therapies to overcome this resistance.
Long COVID and associated outcomes following COVID-19 reinfections: Insights from an International Patient-Led Survey
Authors: Soares Letícia , Assaf Gina , McCorkell Lisa , Davis Hannah , Cohen Alison K. , Moen Janna K. , Shoemaker Lauren G. , Liu Leonid , Lewis Daniel S. , Robles Rachel M. , McWilliams Christopher J. , Lin Jerry , Akintonwa Teresa , Saravia André , Wei Hannah , Fitzgerald Megan L.
Published: September 2024

Background:
COVID-19 reinfections are common worldwide. Long COVID is a serious infection-associated chronic condition and a major public health concern. Using a patient-centered approach, we characterized the association between reinfections and Long COVID.

Methods:
We developed and disseminated internationally a patient-centered online survey examining the outcomes of COVID-19 reinfections. The survey incorporated validated instruments on fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and physical function with questions about COVID-19 infection history, vaccination, and Long COVID symptoms, including symptoms related to immune and reproductive health. We tested whether the likelihood of Long COVID and related outcomes increases with COVID-19 infection numbers.

Results:
Here we show that reinfections increase the likelihood of reporting Long COVID, which increased 2.1-fold from one to two infections. Among 3,382 participants, 22% reported never having had COVID-19, 42% experienced it once, and 35% reported reinfections. Relative to those who did not report infections or experienced COVID-19 once, reinfections were associated with increased likelihood of severe fatigue, post-exertional malaise, decreased physical function, poorer immune health, symptom exacerbation before menstruation, and multiple other Long COVID symptoms. While vaccinations and boosters prior to infection are associated with lower likelihood of Long COVID, reinfections diminish their protective effect. The probability of reporting Long COVID remission is generally low (11.5%-6.5%).

Conclusions:
COVID-19 reinfections are associated with higher likelihood of Long COVID and related outcomes. These findings underscore the need for robust public health measures for COVID-19 infection prevention and the importance of considering reinfections in Long COVID research and clinical practice.
Large terrestrial mammals resurging in a depopulating country
Authors: Baek Seung-Yun , Amano Tatsuya , Akasaka Munemitsu , Koike Shinsuke
Published: September 2024

Large terrestrial mammals have generally declined due to human activity, but the recovery of some populations poses new issues for coexistence. Few studies to date have investigated drivers of this recovery and its impacts on human societies at the national scale. We assessed the process of range expansion of six species of large terrestrial mammals over approximately 40 years and its impacts on human society in Japan, one of the most rapidly depopulating countries. We found evidence that increased agricultural abandonment and decreased snowfall drove the range expansion of large terrestrial mammals. The range of all six species expanded from mountainous landscapes to those closer to human settlements, leading to an increase in conflicts that threaten people’s property and safety. We predict that accelerating depopulation and climate warming could lead to further range expansion of these species, and call for measures to mitigate conflicts and achieve coexistence with them.
Elucidating the potential role of cerium-based nanomaterial in triggering activation of xylose-utilizing genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to convert lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol
Authors: Singhvi Mamata , Kim Beom Soo
Published: September 2024

In this study, the primary aim was to establish an environmentally sustainable method for converting corn cob biomass waste (CCBW) into simple sugars using CeFe3O4NPs through the simultaneous pretreatment and hydrolysis (SPH) process at the fermenter level. The hydrolysis reaction yielded a maximum of 5.95 ± 0.102 g/L glucose and 4.22 ± 0.143 g/L xylose within 24 hours at 50°C in a 7.5-liter fermenter scale. The released sugars during the SPH process explain how CeFe3O4NPs work as oxidase and cellulase-hemicellulase enzymes. The study also investigates the auxiliary effect of enzymes in combination with CeFe3O4NPs on raw CCBW hydrolysis. Very small amounts of in-house generated cellulase-hemicellulase enzymes were used, resulting in higher glucose levels (20.10 ± 1.12 g/L) and xylose (14.9 ± 0.88 g/L) sugars being liberated. Saccharomyces cerevisiae converted these sugars into 15.2 ± 0.87 g/L of bioethanol with a productivity rate of 1.27 g/L/h using a hydrolysate. The presence of CeFe3O4NPs has led to the use of xylose in S. cerevisiae, a new observation that highlights the potential role of CeFe3O4NPs in enhancing the expression of genes responsible for xylose utilization. To confirm these results at a genetic level, transcriptomic analysis of yeast cells grown using control and CeFe3O4NPs- treated CCBW samples was conducted and verified by differentially expressed genes and gene ontology enrichment analysis. Up- and down-regulated genes observed in the transcriptome data were further validated using real-time PCR studies. This is the first report on such studies proving the role of CeFe3O4NPs in upregulating important xylose-utilizing genes, namely Xylulokinase (XKS1) and Xylose reductase (XR, YJR096W). This study could be a breakthrough in producing 2G biofuels by utilizing both C5 and C6 sugars at commercial scale.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analyses of Some Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) Genotypes
Authors: Sewore Birhanu Mecha , Abe Ayodeji , Tadesse Zerihun
Published: September 2024

Understanding the magnitude of the genetic diversity, population structure, and LD that exist in the crop germplasm are necessary precondition for achieving the genomic predictions of desired traits. This study investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of 185 bread wheat genotypes as a prerequisite for GWAS and genomic selection. The genotypes were evaluated under drought-stressed and well-watered conditions. Chromosome-wise genomic SNP distribution, MAF, observed heterozygosity, and the PIC were performed using GBS-based SNP markers. The relationship matrix was determined with the UPGMA module of TASSEL 5.0 to compile dendrograms. The population structure was determined with the help of the STRUCTURE 2.3.4 program. A total of 13,230 high-quality SNPs were identified and distributed across the three wheat genomes, of which 35.7% of the markers were located on the B sub-genome, 34.3% on the sub-genome A, and 30.0% on the D sub-genome. Based on the analysis of population structure, the genotypes were divided into six clusters. The mean MAF, PIC, and genetic diversity of the population were 0.24, 0.27, and 0.34, respectively. The average LD decay for the whole genome of significant marker pairs at r2 > 0.2 was 19.5 Mb for the A-genome, 23.2 Mb for the B-genome, and 24.3 Mb for the D genome. The percent membership of the genotypes to a specific cluster showed that cluster 6 had the largest membership with 22.1% of the population, whereas cluster 3 was the lowest with 12.5% of the population. The highest degree of genetic differentiation was detected in cluster 3 (Fst = 0.64), whereas the lowest was observed in cluster 2 (Fst = 0.26). The high genetic diversity identified among the clusters can be used to develop new bread wheat cultivars with desired traits. The moderate to high divergence detected among bread wheat genotypes within clusters suggested that the genotypes could be used further for GWAS.
UAV Trajectory Planning based on Improved Whale Optimization Algorithmm
Authors: huo yuhan
Published: September 2024

To address the shortcomings of the traditional whale optimization algorithm (WOA) in the process of the trajectory planning, which has poor global search efficiency and is easy to fall into the local optimal solution, a trajectory planning method based on the chaotic multi-strategy whale optimization algorithm(CMS-WOA) is proposed. Firstly, CMS-WOA employs Circle chaotic mapping and reverse learning for population initialization, enhancing algorithmic efficiency. Secondly, non-linear convergence factors and an adaptive weight strategy ensure a balance between global exploration and local optimization capabilities. Moreover, replacing the traditional algorithm's global search strategy with the Lévy flight strategy enhances exploration across the entire search space. Finally, when the algorithm search stagnates, the random differential mutation strategy is used to update the location information of the whale population to avoid premature convergence of the algorithm. Simulation results highlight CMS-WOA's superiority in terms of accelerated convergence, local optima evasion, and higher-quality three-dimensional trajectory planning compared to other algorithms.
A Bayesian quantile regression framework for modeling trends in air temperature: The case for Greece
Authors: Argiriou Athanassios , Mamara Anna , Tsiotas Georgios
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the trend dynamics of some extreme air temperature bounds estimated via quantile models. In practice, we investigate the dynamics of the 5% lower, the median and the 95% upper quantile measures of the minimum and maximum temperature in various regions of Greece. For this purpose, we propose some semi-parametric quantile trend models. Our estimation is based on a Bayesian early-rejection Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The climatic data used, are the mean monthly homogenized minimum and maximum air temperatures observed at several meteorological stations of the Hellenic Meteorological Service located in Greece for the 1960-2010 period. Results based on several margins of datas' distribution, reveal the strongest and the weakest inter-annual quantile trends for both temperature extremes. The results are very significant since they show the existence of time-trend heterogeneities in temperature extremes under alternative types of quantiles, time periods, geographical zones and seasons.
Burden and Determinants of Child Mortality in Somalia analysis of SDHS 2020
Authors: Dahir Hamze Gas , Ahmed Ahmed Tahir , Abdilahi Mohamed Arab
Published: September 2024

Child mortality remains a significant public health burden in Somalia. There are many contributing factors for child mortality which varies across contexts. Limited UNICEF studies done in Somalia addressing level of child mortality in some part of country. Thus, this study investigates country wide prevalence of child mortality and important determinants of maternal and child characteristics using data from 2020 Somali Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS). Stata version 16 with command of Prop49, 037 survivors (size) 3,161(outcome), exact (95%CI) was used to estimate the prevalence of child mortality rate using data extracted from SDHS, 2020. Binary logistic regression model is used to analyze the determinants of child mortality in Somalia after cleaning. Variables with P-values less 0.05 with 95% confidence intervals (C.I.) and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) vary from 1 were reported as determinants. Study shows prevalence of child mortality in Somalia of 65 per 1000 live births. Whereas no maternal visit to a health facilities in the previous 12 months, living in rural settings, short preceding and succeeding birth intervals, and multiple births were significantly increasing the odds of child mortality in Somalia respectively: (AOR = 1.57(0.97, 2.53), (AOR = 2.034, 95% CI: 1.15–3.61), 0.49(0.26, 0.94) and (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.29–0.66), and (AOR = 4.35, 95% CI: 1.919–23.73). Prevalence of child mortality is critical burden in Somalia and this highlights poor situation of health care delivery. All identified risk factors are preventable by just improving maternal and child health access and quality of care. Improving key maternal and child health interventions including family planning service with due emphasis given on rural/nomad areas are critical measures for improving child survival in the country.
Sports Nutrition Knowledge, Source of Nutrition Information and Dietary Consumption Pattern of Ugandan Endurance Athletes: A cross-sectional study of the Sebei Sub-Region
Authors: Musau Joshua , Folasire Oluyemisi F. , Mkumbuzi Nonhlanhla S.
Published: September 2024

Background
Athletes’ nutrition knowledge depends on the sources of nutrition information they are exposed to and their social status. Currently, there is a dearth of literature on the nutrition knowledge of Ugandan athletes. This study assessed endurance athletes’ sports nutrition knowledge, sources of nutrition information, and their dietary consumption patterns.
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study including 100 purposively selected (middle and long distance) athletes from four Athletic Management camps was conducted in Kapchorwa district, Uganda. Using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, trained research assistants collected athletes’ demographic information, knowledge, practices, sources of nutrition information and consumption patterns. ANOVA, Independent t-test, Chi-square analysis, and Binary logistic analyses were done using SPSS® software version 23.0.
Results
Most athletes 74.0% (n = 74) in this study were aged between 15–17 (17.9 ± 4.0) years with at least 2 years’ experience in athletics. Majority 68.0% (n = 68) of the athletes had good sports nutrition knowledge while 32.0% (n = 32) showed poor knowledge. About 88.0% (n = 88) knew that vitamin consumption can enhance recovery after training. Athletic trainers 49.0% (n = 49) and family/parents 28.0% (n = 28) were primary sources of nutrition information, while nutritionists/dietitians 5.0% (n = 5) and the internet 4.0% (n = 4) were less consulted. Cereals were the most consumed food group 72.0% (n = 72), followed by legumes and nuts 67.0% (n = 67) while the least consumed foods were milk/egg 33.0% (n = 33), fish 25.0% (n = 25) and meat/poultry 13.0% (n = 13). Good sports nutrition knowledge was associated with adequate dietary practices (p = 0.009). Sports nutrition knowledge differed significantly with age group (F = 4.566, p = 0.013), and between female and male (F = 21.884, p < 0.000) athletes. Age group was a significant predictor (β = 1.925, Ex(β) = 6.853, C. I = 0.882–36.096, p = 0.023) of sports nutrition knowledge.
Conclusions
In this study endurance athletes had good sports nutrition knowledge, and relied primarily on their coaches/trainers for sports nutrition information. It is recommended that athletic trainers be offered supplementary training in sports nutrition to ensure proper nutrition knowledge dissemination among athletes.
Sex-specific Concordance of Striatal Transcriptional Signatures of Opioid Addiction in Human and Rodent Brains
Authors: Logan Ryan , Shelton Micah , Horan Nicole , Xue Xiangning , Maturin Lisa , Eacret Darrell , Michaud Julie , Singh Navsharan , Williams Benjamin , Gamble Mackenzie , Seggio Joseph , Kuppe-Fish Madeline , Phan BaDoi , Tseng George , Blendy Julie , Woods Leah Solberg , Palmer Abraham , George Olivier , Seney Marianne
Published: September 2024

Opioid use disorder (OUD) has emerged as a severe, ongoing public health emergency. Current, frontline addiction treatment strategies fail to produce lasting abstinence in most users. This underscores the lasting effects of chronic opioid exposure and emphasizes the need to understand the molecular mechanisms of drug seeking and taking, but also how those alterations persist through acute and protracted withdrawal. Here, we used RNA sequencing in post-mortem human tissue from males (n=10) and females (n=10) with OUD and age and sex-matched comparison subjects. We compared molecular alterations in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) between humans with OUD and rodent models across distinct stages of opioid use and withdrawal (acute and prolonged) using differential gene expression and network-based approaches. We found that the molecular signature in the NAc of females with OUD mirrored effects seen in the NAc of female mice at all stages of exposure. Conversely, males with OUD showed strong overlap in expression profile with rats in acute withdrawal. Co-expression networks involved in post-transcriptional modification of RNA and epigenetic modification of chromatin state. This study provides fundamental insight into the converging molecular pathways altered by opioids across species. Further, this work helps to disentangle which alterations observed in humans with OUD are driven by acute drug exposure and which alterations are consequences of chronic exposure.