bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Hollow Fiber Membrane Biofilm Reactor for Esterification Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Li Baoan , Zhang Hong Yu , Wei Xin
Published: February 2012

We conducted a series of steady-state experiment on a novel anaerobic-MABR process used for COD removal of esterification wastewater. The results showed that COD removal efficiency remained above 90%, even if the COD loading was up to 3000mg / L, the removal rate still remained above 80%. To ensure the final water quality, biological aerobic segment played a decisive role in anaerobic-MABR process. Hollow fiber membrane is not only a biofilm carrier, but also play the role of non-bubble aeration, oxygen and nutrients, respectively, come into the membrane from both sides of the biofilm.The study suggested that, MABR have a better removal efficiency on COD. The maximum COD removal rate is 85% at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24h,oxygen pressure of 0.5atm. The changes of PH, oxygen pressure, and flow rate have little effect on COD removal.
Product Environment Requirements Mapping and Processing Based on QFDE and TRIZ
Authors: Bao Hong , Liu Guang Fu , Bian Ben Yang
Published: February 2012

Mapping and processing customer requirements is one of key procedures in green design. The basic theory and methods of product environment requirements mapping and processing are researched, the implementation process of product environment requirements mapping and processing is identified, product environment requirements are mapped based on environmental House of Quality (HoQ). Design requirements conflict of the green product is eliminated by TRIZ. Finally, the mapping and processing of product environment requirements of a dishwasher is exemplified to validate the method.
Melioration of Pyroelectric Cells for Power Conversion
Authors: Hsiao Chun Ching , Chang Chin Yu , Siao An Shen , Ciou Jing Chih
Published: February 2012

Trenching PZT material in a thicker PZT pyroelectric cell to improve the temperature variation rate was proposed in this study to enhance the efficiency of thermal energy-harvesting conversion by pyroelectricity. A thicker pyroelectric cell is beneficial in generating electricity pyroelectrically, but it opposes rapid temperature variations. Therefore, the PZT sheet was fabricated to produce deeper trenches to cause lateral temperature gradients induced by the trenched electrode, enhancing the temperature variation rate under homogeneous heat irradiation. When the trenched electrode type with an electrode width of 200 μm and a cutting depth of 150 μm was used to fabricate the PZT pyroelectric cell with a 200 μm thick PZT sheet, the temperature variation rate was improved by about 55%. Therefore, the trenched electrode design did indeed enhance the temperature variation rate and the efficiency of pyroelectric energy converters.
Research on Electronic Ballast Start-Up Mode of High Pressure Sodium Lamp
Authors: Gao Qiang , Xu Chong Hai , Wang Tie Liu , Li Wen Tao
Published: February 2012

Electronic ballast is the important part of high pressure sodium lamp.Start-up mode of high pressure sodium lamp is the difficulty in this areas.Start-up voltage must higher than working voltage when the lamp start-up.Power supply voltage is not high to start-up the high pressure sodium lamp.So we need voltage transformer, pulse generator, resonance circuit and so on to generate the start-up voltage. We analyse the theory of electronic ballasts of high-pressure sodium lamp and make experiments in this paper. We have developed the sample of high pressure sodium lamp based on this theory,and got the obvious effect in energy-saving.
Vibration Analysis and Optimization of Wobble Plate Engine
Authors: Jin Jing , Zhang Zhen Shan , Xiong Xin
Published: February 2012

The rigid-flexible system dynamic model of wobble plate engine was created by BUSH element and so on in ADAMS software. And stiffness optimized calculation of engine rubber isolator ring and spring was done by ADAMS optimized module. By comparing the time domain and frequency domain vibration response before optimization and after optimization, the feasibility of optimized method for decreasing engine vibration and changing system response frequency range was verified. This method could provide important reference for vibration dynamic model creating of engine or analogous mechanical system. Its conclusions also could provide reference for decreasing vibration study.
Research on Characters Segmentation in One-Row and Two-Row of Vietnam License Plates
Authors: Mai Vin Hdu , Miao Duo Qian , Wang Rui Zhi
Published: February 2012

Characters Segmentation is one important step in the Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) system. This paper proposed an improved method for one-row & two-row of Vietnam license plates (LP) characters segmentation. The proposed method consists of two main modules: the first task is pre-processing (image quantization, normalized image, adjust horizontal contours, morphology opening to remove noises), the second task is characters segmentation based on the method named peak-to-valley in order to segment the pictures in digit images getting the two bounds of the each digit segment according to the statistical parameter. We tested for 600 Vietnam LP (300 one-row LP, 300 two-row LP), the average rate of accuracy of our method is 98.03%.
Light Gauge Steel-Light Weight Aggregate Concrete Structure and Application
Authors: Wang Xiao Ping , Han Tian , Yin Fang
Published: February 2012

Light gauge steel-light weight aggregate concrete structure is a new type of structure system. This paper introduces the composition, characteristics and production and installation process of this kind of structure. For the Da Yunhe villas, as an example, this paper presents the structure detail and analysis method, and gives the bearing capacity and rigidity calculation result of the typical wall and floor beams, which verify the design code of the steel structure. This paper provides the beneficial reference and basis for future research and promotion.
Performance Atlases of Global Conditioning Index of Planar 3-DOF Parallel Manipulator with Actuation Redundancy
Authors: Wang Bing , Han Wei Na
Published: February 2012

This paper takes a new kind of planar 3-DOF parallel manipulator with actuation redundancy as the object of study. We utilize a design space to obtain the relationship between the link lengths of planar 3-DOF paralel manipulator with actuation redundancy and performance criteria based on the global conditioning index. The corresponding performance atlases has been plotted, the atlases are an important base of reference for the mechanism design of this parallel manipulator.
Kinematics Analysis of Exoskeletons Rehabilitation Robot Based on ADAMS
Authors: Yu Mei Li , Wang Ji Rong , Li Jun , Cui Wei , Li Da
Published: February 2012

In this paper, the hand movements of exoskeletons rehabilitation robot are analyzed from a practical point. According to the hand functions and its exercise restraints, the analysis includes: (1) a modular design of rehabilitation robot is finished; (2) positive kinematics equations of the manipulator position are calculated; (3) a simulation model of exoskeletons rehabilitation robot which can grab a cup is set up. Based on ADAMS, the model’s kinematics simulation is analyzed. The position, speed and acceleration of a manipulator at a certain moment can be got and the simulation curves of the lord joint variables rotation angles can also be output accurately. The exoskeletons rehabilitation robots scheme designs and the movement of the structure analysis can be verified reasonable and feasible. These may provide theoretical foundation for the future study.
Modular Product Family Design for Pumping Unit Based on Design Structure Matrix
Authors: Zhang Yong , Qi Guo Ning , Ji Yang Jian , Song Li Wei , Jiang Peng
Published: February 2012

A new method was introduced in this paper, which would help to build the modular product family for pumping unit. Design Structure Matrix (DSM) was used in the process of the pumping unit’s module planning avoiding from the disadvantages of inconsistent rules and improper scale. Taking the case of the beam-pumping unit, some specific techniques were discussed in this paper such as DSM’s building, tearing and clustering as well as the analysis of their results. And the product family of this kind of beam-pumping unit was designed under the result of the modules and the principle of tabular layouts of article characteristics. This study could be widely used as a kind of quantitative method for modular design of other products.
New Fault Isolation Method during Functional Test in Manufacturing
Authors: Lee Li Ni , Phuah Yee Fei
Published: February 2012

Stop Clock Design-for-Testability (DFT) and Scan Dump DFT are integrated and implemented to trap the digital logic inside combinational and sequential logics for fault isolation (FI) purpose. Both DFTs enable functional test result to be dumped out structurally during functional test at manufacturing. Validation is performed on RTL simulation using test pattern and it is shown that the real silicon data matched the simulation results. Hence a new FI method has been established on the fly, capable in manufacturing.
Research of Automatic Multi-Function Flat Tea Frying Machine and Process Performance Parameters
Authors: Xiao Wei , Pan Zhou Guang
Published: February 2012

Automatic multi-function flat frying machine set crank up the tea, science articles, squash, Hui dry in a multi-functional machine structure, staffing fried tea mimic the mechanism of continuous complete Na, friction, pressure, shaking, turning, etc. frying action, the use of computer systems in the process of tea frying temperature, pressure, dry speed process monitoring; through the frying process performance parameters of the test analysis showed that: the automatic multi-function flat frying machine frying tea tea quality of tea samples close to hand-frying, frying by the expert assessment of mechanical parameters were better than some of the tea hand-frying, with the promotional value.
Solution-Phase Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Mn3O4 Nanorods with Paramagnetic Properties
Authors: Zhang Yan Ge , Li Pin Jiang , Zheng Xiao Yun , Fa Wen Jun , Fan Li Bo , Yang Feng Ling
Published: February 2012

Single crystalline Mn3O4nanorods with diameters of 10-200 nm and lengths up to several microns have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method at a relatively low temperature. The products have been characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. From the Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectra of the products, hyperfine structure (six absorption peaks of ESR) of Mn2+ion adding the Mn3+ion signal was observed and results confirmed the nanorods showed paramagnetic behaviors.
Tire Tread Cutting Machine Design Exploration
Authors: Qiu Li Jun
Published: February 2012

The tire tread of a steel belt layer of steel wire can reduce the separation in grinding process for tool wear. Design of a kind of can will tread on the tire tread along the steel wire belt surface peeling processing machinery. Realization of tread peeling processing requirements. As the tread of a steel belt layer created by the separation of processing conditions.
The Influence of Supported and Restrained Elastic Coefficient on the Stability of Fluid Conveying Pipe
Authors: Bao Ri Dong
Published: February 2012

The dynamic stability of fluid conveying piping system under different supporting conditions, considering the fluid structures interaction, was investigated. The expression of vertical vibration mode-function of commonly supported piping system was derived from its boundary condition of the similar beam. Firstly, considering the effects of Kelvin-Voigt visco-elastic coefficient of pipe, fluid pressure and axially sectional force of pipe, the motion equation of the piping system was established. Secondly, the equation was discretized by Galerkin method according with its similar supporting conditions of beam. Thirdly, the expression of critically instable flow velocity was obtained. Lastly, the stability of the piping system was analyzed by using the dynamical simulation methods. The numerical results showed that the critically instable flow velocity is proportional conversely to supported linear spring coefficients, but is proportional to restrained torsion spring coefficients.
Thermal Treatment to Improve the Antioxidant Activity of Half-Fin Anchovy Pepsin Hydrolysate and Application in Beef Storage
Authors: Song Ru , Wei Rong Bian , Luo Hong Yu
Published: February 2012

In this study, the antioxidant activity and browning intensity of thermal products of half-fin anchovy pepsin hydrolysate (HAHp) were investigated. Thermal treatment, in particular at 121 °C, increased the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazayl (DPPH) radical scavenging rates. The browning intensity ranging from 0.082 to 0.372 displayed a linear correlation (R2=0.9343) with their corresponding scavenging DPPH radical rates. During 12 days of storage at 4 °C, the antioxidant activity of ground beef meat with addition of heated HAHp (HAHp-H, 121°C for 30 min) was determined using the following assays: a pH assay, a DPPH assay and a malondialdehyde (MDA) assay. The results showed that the HAHp-H treatment significantly inhibited the pH value changes compared with the control or HAHp treatments (P < 0.05). The HAHp-H treatment remained unaffected or slightly decreased activity on scavenging DPPH radicals throughout storage. By comparison, the DPPH radical scavenging rates of control and HAHp treatments greatly decreased upon storage. The increase of MDA values of all treatments indicated that the lipid oxidation of beef meat increased with storage time, whereas, the HAHp-H treatment still had significantly lower MDA value (0.433 nmol/mg prot) than the control (1.141nmol/mg prot) and HAHp treatments (0.884 nmol/mg prot) after 12 days of storage (P < 0.05). Overall, HAHp-H could be a potent antioxidant in minimizing beef meat oxidation stored at 4 °C.
The Discussion about Thermal Stress Analysis of Spherical Plain Bearings
Authors: Huang Yu Feng , Shen Xue Jin , Lv Shuai , Cao Lei
Published: February 2012

Spherical plain bearing was applied widely in industry. In the paper, with the finite element code Abaqus, a sequentially coupled, 3D, and thermal-mechanical finite element analysis model of the bearing system was built up based on the theories of heat transfer, tribology and composite material mechanics. The paper focused on effects of the mean sliding velocity and the load. In the end, the paper mentioned a simulation method of computing wear.
Study on Constitutive Relationship of Ti-6Al-4V-Rare Earth Titanium Alloy during High Temperature Deformation
Authors: Zhang Yan Min , Zhao Pei Feng , Zhang Li , Zhou Yan Jun
Published: February 2012

According to compressive test date, relationship between flow stress, temperature, strain rate and strain is studied through single and multiple regression, and constitutive equation is researched. The results show the relationship between flow stress and stain is applied to hyperbolic sine equation in the hot compressive deformation of Ti-6Al-4V-rare earth titanium alloy. Relationship between logarithmic hyperbolic sine of its flow stress and reciprocal of absolute temperatures is liner, and hot compressive deformation is controlled by activation energy.
The Novel Parameter Selection of Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Li Zhuo , Qu Xue Luo
Published: February 2012

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a novel artificial intelligent technique proposed by Eberhart and Kennedy which is a type of Swarm Intelligence. PSO is simulated as population-based stochastic optimization influenced by the social behavior of bird flocks. In past decades, more and more researcher has been targeting to improve the original PSO for solving various problems and it has great potential to be done further. This paper reviews the progress of PSO research so far, and the recent achievements for application to large-scale optimization problems.
Effect of Mechanical Activation on Kaolin-Based Geopolymers
Authors: Heah Cheng Yong , Kamarudin Hussen , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa , Binhussain Mohammed , Musa Luqman , Khairul Nizar Ismail , Ghazali Che Mohd Ruzaidi , Liew Y.M.
Published: February 2012

Raw materials kaolin was subjected to mechanical modification; the effect of the mechanical activation of kaolin on the compressive strength and morphological properties of the geopolymers has been studied. Mechanical activation of the kaolin results in particle size reduction and morphology changes with increase in reactivity. Mechanical activated kaolin has overall higher strength gain compared to raw kaolin. Wider particle size distribution and some spherical particles produced, promote a higher packaging density in the sample resulting in higher strength obtained. Mechanically activation of kaolin can be considered as an alternative method to achieve better geopolymerization reaction for kaolin-based geopolymer.
Study on Deformation Performance of PVC Membrane Materials under Biaxial Cyclic Tensile Loads
Authors: Chen Jian Wen , Hou Hong Qing , Chen Wu Jun
Published: February 2012

This article presents the mechanical properties of PVC coated fabrics under biaxial cyclic tensile loads. Tests of PVC at five load ratios in the warp and weft directions, which are 0:1, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 1:0 respectively, were carried out, and tensile performances of the samples under biaxial tensile loads were analyzed. The test results show that the PVC membrane is highly nonlinear and orthotropic under biaxial tensile loads. With the increase of loading cycles, the total residual strain is nearly unchangeable and the hysteresis curve becomes stable. Slope of warp curve is larger than weft curves, and the weft loop area is greater than the warp one with the same load ratio. The generalized poisson ratio changes due to variations of the load ratio (R). when R<1, the experimental values and theoretical values of the generalized poisson's ratio are negative. When R≥1, generalized poisson's ratios tend to be constant, When the load ratio are 0:1 and 1:0, the curves become straight lines.
Study and Current Environmental Situations Evaluation on a Coal Washing and Separating Project
Authors: Su Rong Jun
Published: February 2012

To assess environmental feasibility of Beize coal washing and separating plant and predict it’s influence to ambient, according to government laws, codes and regulations such as 《The Specific Guide to Environmental Impact Assessment》 and technical features of the project, the range, grade, standards and factors of current situations evaluation were determined. And then the current situations on air, surface water and noises were measured. The average daily concentrations of TSP, SO2 and NO2 in air were 0.056～0.282 mg/m3, 0.037～0.039 mg/m3 and 0.016～0.036 mg/m3 respectively. The shared rates of TSP, SO2 and NO2 are 48.6%, 29.5% and 21.9% respectively. This indicates that all subindexes have certain environmental carrying capacity. Except pH, COD, NH4+-N and oil likes in local river exceeds level Ⅲ standard of water body far away. The river was polluted heavily. Acoustic environment satisfies the level Ⅱ standard of 《Environmental Noise Standard on Urban Area》. All this work laid a sound foundation for the next environmental influence prediction and appraisal.
The Design and Implementation of the Elder Fall Remote Monitoring System in the Smart Home
Authors: Fu Wei , Xiao Li , Wang Ping
Published: February 2012

Based on the analysis of the state of human body falling, this paper designed a kind of fall detection alarming apparatus based on the change of acceleration. The principle is detecting the 3-axis’s acceleration change of sensor caused by change of the body posture when the wearer falls down. When the signal of body falling is detected, the fall detection alarming apparatus emits audible alarm signals. The alarm information will be send to guardian automatically through short message or calling by GPRS module, at the same time, it will be store and send to remote monitoring web page of the smart home through IEEE 802.15.4E wireless way in order to remote alarm notification.
Fabrication Polyurethane/Expanded Graphite Powder Composite Antistatic Sponge by In Situ Polymerization
Authors: Chen Dan Qing
Published: February 2012

This document explains and demonstrates how to prepare Polyurethane(PU)/Expanded Graphite powder(EGp) composite antistatic sponge by in situ polymerization. The morphology、mechanical、electrical and thermal properties of the PU/EGp composite antistatic sponge have been investigated. PU/ EGp composite sponge have better mechanical properties than that of CB composite. The resistivity of PU/EGp composite antistatic sponge can reach at about 108Ω•cm at the content around 5wt% of the EGp. EGp can stably exist in PU sponge and has little influence to the polymeric matrix while being heated.
Defuzzification Methods for Fuzzy Inventory Model
Authors: Li Qun Xia
Published: February 2012

This paper presents the defuzzification methods which are used in the fuzzy inventory model. The properties of the different defuzzification methods are investigated and derived. The results from the theatrical view are interesting.
The Plant Vitality and Air Anion Generator with its Use in Urban
Authors: Lin Hui , Bai Zhi Yong
Published: February 2012

Air anion and Plant Vitality is the main component of the forest environment; they play a positive role within human and nature. The Plant Vitality and Air Anion Generator which based on Lenard effects can be diffused simultaneously refined gas plants and air negative ions. Furthermore, indoor and outdoor environment can be also improved by Plant Vitality and Air Anion Generator, it has a broad application prospects on hospitals, nursing homes, urban residential areas, parks, schools, and other places.
The Identification of Total Exports Peak Periods for Shaanxi Province
Authors: Zheng Yu , Zhang Juan
Published: February 2012

The seasonal fluctuation of total exports has significant impact on foreign trade growth. Based on the methods of Directional Statistics, total exports at customs of Shaanxi Province are analyzed from 2007 to 2010. Distribution types are ascertained by using von Mises distribution test, which is submitting to unimodal von Mises distribution. Correspondingly, the result indicated that the total exports in Shaanxi Province has a character of seasonal fluctuation.
Rare Earth and Tetra Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Sulfate Combination Tanning
Authors: Li Ya , Shao Shuang Xi , Jiang Lan , Shi Kai Qi
Published: February 2012

A new chrome free tanning system of rare earth (RE)-THPS has been developed in this study. It has been proved by UV spectrum that THPS and RE (CeCl3) can coordinate under certain conditions. The influence of CeCl3and THPS’s ratio, pH and ligands on the shrinkage temperature (Ts) was studied. Higher Ts was obtained while the tannage was processed in the sequence of THPS followed by CeCl3. The alkaline pH should be controlled between 5.5 and 6.0 to give ideal tanning effect. It was also found that employing of 0.5% tartaric acid in this combination tanning system can give high Ts of 89°C.
Experimental Research of a Flywheel Hybrid Vehicle
Authors: Yang Xin
Published: February 2012

A flow-coupled flywheel hybrid vehicle was proposed which has simpler configuration, fewer components and easier control method. And it was confirmed that this system had enough capability to recover vehicle kinetic energy that might otherwise be lost as heat during braking. Then, more attentions were paid to initial speed of recovery flywheel and displacement ratio of variable displacement pump/motor that influenced recovery efficiency of the proposed hybrid vehicle. It is also significant to point out that in order to improve recovery efficiency, the displacement size of variable displacement pump/motor is required so as to make it operates as maximum displacement, and the initial speed of the recovery flywheel is limited at a suitable scope (about 1000rpm~3000rpm) with regard to the windage and axial loss and the amount of energy storage. Hence, it is indicated that this type of hybrid vehicle can be as an optional configuration to widely use in hybrid vehicle.
Design and Simulation of the New Bionic Soil Extruding Head
Authors: Chen Dong Hui , Lu Xin , Chai Xing Wang , Wang Bao Gang , Guo Hong Xia , Ma Yun Hai
Published: February 2012

In this paper，soil parameters and the collected data were tested and processed, and the changing trends of force with drilling depth were obtained and the maximum force applying to the working components was picked up. Compared with the smooth working component, the force applying to the unsmooth working components is smaller. Some parameters needed in Drucker-Prager soil model were measured and modified according to the basic tests. The simulation model was built in the finite element software -ANSYS. The simulation result is consistent with the actual testing result, which confirms the finite element model is correct .
Numerical Simulation of Temperature Field in the Cyclone
Authors: Xiao Ping Yang , Zhang Zhen Wei
Published: February 2012

This paper mainly focuses on the numerical simulation of temperature field in the cyclone separation. The authors took advantage of RSM turbulence model of software FLUENT to imitate the temperature field. This thesis puts forward the temperature distribution of the cyclone, and figures out that the overall temperature is 373°C. Temperature difference in different region is less than one centigrade degree with the maximum temperature in the cone part and the minimum temperature in inlet tube and cylinder part of the cyclone, what’s more, the temperature is relatively higher near the wall. The air compression can lead the higher temperature in the lower part, so the cone part has the highest temperature. The higher temperature near the wall is caused by the friction between the wall and flow.
Multi-Sensor Data Fusion for MEMS Gyroscope of Seeker
Authors: Ren Ya Fei , Ge Yun Wang , Bai Xu Can
Published: February 2012

In recent years, Gyro stabilized and tracking platform has been widely used in the guidance, airborne, ship-borne, the military area and civil area such as the weapon, missile seeker, sensing detection, public security fire control, environmental monitoring. In order to improve line of sight stabilization precision of the Infrared Guidance equipment to ensure the stability of the seeker pinpoint the maneuvering target, we do some researches about the essential technologies in the stability and precision of gyro. This paper developed a set of new stable platform used of three MEMS gyro devices based on the seeker of infrared detection system, in view of the zero shift stability for MEMS gyro, with the key technologies which are Kalman filtering and data fusion processing of theoretical research and experiment on the gyro signal.
The Influence of Curing Periods on the Compressive Strength of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer at Different Aging Times
Authors: A. Abdulkareem Omar , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa , Kamarudin Hussen , Khairul Nizar Ismail
Published: February 2012

Omar A. Abdulkareem1a, A.M. Mustafa Al Bakri1b, H. Kamarudin1c, and I. Khairul Nizar2d 1Center of Excellence Geopolymer System Research, School of Material Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), P.O. Box 77, D/A Pejabat Pos Besar, Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia. 2School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Box 77, D/A Pejabat Pos Besar, Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia. aeng.omar83@yahoo.com,bmustafa_albakri@unimap.edu.my, cvc@unimap.edu.my, dnizar@unimap.edu.my. Keywords: curing periods, geopolymerization, alkaline activator, compressive strength, fly ash.
Safety Levels of RC Frame Building in Wenchuan County Town
Authors: Wu Di , Xiong Yan
Published: February 2012

A local and formal RC frame building in Wenchuan dicstrict, named Shuang-he market building which is damaged in 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, is studied by nonlinear finite element method. By using probabilistic seismic demand model (PSDM), the seismic fragility assessment of the RC frame is demonstrated on RC frames. Probabilistic seismic demand model (PSDM) for RC frame structures was built to assess the safety levels of the actual RC frames representative of design and construction practices in the Wenchuan county town. The fragility curves for immediate occupancy, significant damage, and collapse prevention damage levels of the RC frame building are analyzed. The result reveals the safety levels of RC frame building in Wenchuan district before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.
Strengthening and Toughening Efficiency of Calcium Carbonate Whisker-Reinforced Portland Cement with or without Silica Fume
Authors: Cao Ming Li , Zhang Cong
Published: February 2012

Strengthening and toughening efficiency contributed by calcium carbonate whisker was questioned in this study when the interfacial bonding strength between whisker and Portland cement was increased by adding silica fume. A simple proving experiment was employed and the basic mechanical properties were measured. The results showed that the compressive strength of the composites with silica fume was more sensitive to whisker loading. The flexural strength, split tensile strength and work of fracture were increased no matter with or without silica fume. However, the strengthening and toughening efficiency caused by whiskers in the composites with silica fume was lower than that without silica fume. The scanning electron microscopy images illustrated six mechanisms which can account for the strengthening and toughening effects. It is concluded that crack deflection was the efficient mechanism to toughen cement composite materials. And the interfacial bonding strength should be weak enough to introduce more crack deflection mechanism.
Sub-Surface Cutting for Rapid Prototyping
Authors: Chen Yong Hua , Lu Jia Nan
Published: February 2012

Subsurface engraving is the process of engraving an image inside a solid object, usually made of a transparent glass/crystal material. A diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) laser with high beam quality and pulse power is normally used for subsurface engraving. The laser beam can be focused at any 3D point within a 3D envelope. At the focal point, due to high laser intensity, a small fracture or bubble is generated. The fractures can be as small as tens of microns. Currently, the image from subsurface engraving can only be seen, but not felt or touched. This has limited the applications of subsurface engraving to tourist souvenirs or artistic crafts. The authors propose that through some changes to the subsurface engraving process, it is feasible to separate the 3D image from the raw material block, and directly generate a 3D prototype that could not only be visualized, but also touched, or even used for subsequent design, or manufacturing processes. When generating the 3D point cloud, the points should be dense enough so that continuous cracks could be generated. It is expected that the cracks may form a gap, separating the image from the raw material block. In order to facilitate removal of the engraved image from the material block, the material portion that does not belong to the image is cut into small grids, such grids should be easily removed.
Analysis of Expert System in the Field of Machine Design
Authors: Luo Hong Qi , Wang Meng Yu
Published: February 2012

Intelligent CAD system can be formed if integrating the expert system and mechanical CAD. Components of expert system were analyzed, including integrated databases, knowledge bases, knowledge acquisition, inference engine, explanation mechanism and human-computer interface. The model of design-evaluate-redesign was introduced and discussed. Current situation of research on design expert systems was summarized.
Direct Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Films Prepared by Premixed Ethanol Flame
Authors: Lu Jiang Lei , Wang Guang Long , Sun Lian Feng , Gao Feng Qi , Yu Fang , Zhou Hai Qing , Wang Gang
Published: February 2012

Carbon nanotube (CNT) films were one-step catalytically synthesized on silicon substrates by the premixed ethanol flame (PEF). Ferric nitrate and copper nitrate with diverse concentrations, as catalyst precursors, were respectively dissolved into the absolute ethanol to form PEF which could simultaneously offer heat source, carbon source and catalysts. More CNT films were synthesized on silicon substrates when first placed between the core and inner flame and then moved into location between the inner and outer flame. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the morphologies of CNT films were greatly influenced by the catalyst precursors and locations of silicon substrates in PEF. CNT films synthesized by the copper nitrate PEF had a smaller tube diameter (~20 nm) and lower ratio of amorphous carbon (43.82%). The CNT yield increased along the concentration of catalyst precursors, but the graphitization degree decreased just the reverse. This approach had the potential of large-scale applications in solar cells and reinforced materials.
Micro Mechanism of BaTiO3 Ferroelectric Phase Transition Described by Electron Cloud Model
Authors: Fang Chao , Chen Liang Yan
Published: February 2012

In this paper the micro mechanism of BaTiO3 ferroelectric phase transition is studied based on the thermodynamic model using electron cloud model, and further the Curie - Weiss law is explained. The results indicate that the contraction of the electron cloud, as the temperature decreased through Curie temperature, causes oxygen ions shift the equilibrium position, and the Coulomb attraction makes Ti ion shift the equilibrium position causing phase transition; With temperature rising, the ion displacement polarization decreases owing to the electron cloud expansion effect, and the variation of dielectric constant with temperature follows the Curie - Weiss law.
Using Ag95Al-Ti to Braze Si/SiC and Invar Alloy
Authors: Zhang Hua , Huang Ji Hua , Zhao Hua Tao , Zhao Xin Ke
Published: February 2012

In this paper, the effect of different Ti content on the brazed joint microstructures was studied, including the reaction zone states, microstructures of the reaction interface on both ceramic and Invar alloy side. The added Ti content was 2%, 3%, 5%, 6% and 10%. The results showed that Ti had great effect on the thickness of reaction layer on the invar alloy side. Ti can inhibit the growth of the diffusion layer.
Preparation and Morphological Investigation of Sulfur Microcapsule Produced in Scale-Up Process via In Situ Polymerization
Authors: Zhang Zhi Sen , Xiao Hui Jin , Zhao Quan Jun , Li Jie , Wang Shu Jun
Published: February 2012

Based on the previous experimental results, a scale-up level preparation process of sulfur microcapsule was planned and the pertinent equipment were manufactured or purchased and installed. After that, the scale-up process was carried out for the purpose of obtaining about 2kg/batch. The core content of microcapsules was determined by the extracting method. The SEM results depicts that under the scale-up conditions the diameters of most part of sulfur microcapsules were about 1µm and some of the microcapsules have become agglomerates. The setting goal of 2kg/batch and a slightly over 80% encapsulates sulfur content rate were attained.
The Study on the Periodic Left-Handed Materials of Convex-SRRs Structure
Authors: Wu Jun Fang , Zhang Ying Tang , Liu Han Chen
Published: February 2012

The split ring resonators is the basic structure unit ,it is important constituent part of periodic left-handed materials (LHMs).The convex split ring resonators (convex-SRRs) structure is the new SRRs, the new periodic LHMs are made of convex-SRRs structure unit.The convex-SRRs structure is arranged periodically 3 * 4 matrix along XOY plane and arranged periodically 3 * 2 * 1 matrix along the YOZ plane. These convex-SRRs structure units in space periodic aligned to the prism shape, the new artificial materials come into being.In order to prove that the convex-SRRs structure periodic materials are left-handed materials (LHMs), the microwave transmission and negative refractive are simulated using the materials of convex-SRRs structure prism. First the permeability and permittivity of convex-SRRs structure materials are negative value by simulation the microwave transmission, this is the symbol of the left hand material properties. Second by simulation, prism’s experiment of convex-SRRs structure materials has a negative refractive effect, These simulations demonstrate that the materials of convex-SRRs structure periodic arrangement are LHMs.
A Survey of Outdoor Sportswear Requirement for Chinese Consumers
Authors: Liu Zheng
Published: February 2012

With economic growing and health conscious being popular among the people, more and more persons are attracted to attending outdoor sports in China. For enhancing function and comfort of sportswear, this paper focuses on acquiring the requirement of Chinese consumers from both fabric and pattern aspects. Through the customers’ questionnaire and visiting the retailer shop, we investigate status conditions during outdoor sporting such as environment, sports strength and et al. After analyzing the investigated results with data processing, the demands that consumer’s desired was excavated. According to the demands, the key factors of clothing for outdoor sports are confirmed. Design rules for improved sportswear performance are presented.
Modeling of an Underactuated Nonlinear Double-Container Overhead Crane
Authors: Xu Wei Min , Li Yun Lin , Chu Jian Xin , Zhou Xian Wen
Published: February 2012

Compared with a traditional single-container overhead crane, the double-container overhead crane is a type of new efficient container stevedoring machinery, however, it is actually a complicated nonlinear system. In this brief, both the kinematic and dynamic characteristics concerning the double-container crane are investigated, and then an accurate dynamic model of the underactuated double-container overhead crane is established by utilizing Euler-Lagrange's method. Not only is the variation of the rope and payloads, but also some uncertainties such as mechanical frictions and air-resistance in the environment are taken into account in modeling. Simulation results show the validity of the established double-container overhead crane model.
First Integrals of Discrete System Based on the Principle of Jourdain
Authors: Zhang Ning , Zhao Gang Ling
Published: February 2012

In this paper, we investigate first integrals of discrete dynamical systems with the variational principle of Jourdain. The operators of discrete transformation are introduced for the system. Based on the Jourdainian generalized variational formula, we derive the discrete analog of Noether-type identity, and then we obtain the first integrals of discrete dynamical system. We discuss an example to illustrate these results.
Dynamics of a Crossed Beveloid Gear Pair with Time-Varying Mesh and Backlash Nonlinearity
Authors: Fan Rong , Song Chao Sheng , Liu Wen Ji
Published: February 2012

A torsional time-varying vibration model of a beveloid gear pair with backlash nonlinearity is formulated. It incorpprates the load-dependant time-varying mesh characteristic vectors and backlash non-linearity. Using the proposed model, the influence of mesh damping and non-linear backlash on beveloid gear dynamics is investigated. Computational results reveal numerous interesting nonlinear characteristics, such as jump discontinuities and chaotic behaviors.
Simulation of Shaper Kinematics and Dynamics Rules Based on MATLAB
Authors: Liu F. , Lin S.X. , Wang A.B. , Ni Li Yong
Published: February 2012

The simulation of shaper kinematics and dynamics rules is conducted with MATLAB. The rules of ram displacement, speed, acceleration and links forces rules are obtained and shown in figures. The research results can be used for the design optimization of shaper contractures. Redundant programming is not necessary any more, since MATLAB is applied into the simulation. The study method is of instructive significance for the kinematics and dynamics analyses of similar mechanism.
Structural Design and Response Analysis of Piezoelectric Power by Flow-Induced Vibration
Authors: Sun Jia Cun , Chen He Juan , He Peng
Published: February 2012

When a vibration force acts on piezoelectric material, which will deform to-and-from and excite electricity on its polar surfaces. In this paper, the air resonance structure is designed by the principle of air self-oscillation, when the shells are flying with high-speed, the air into the shells will produce self-excited oscillation, the oscillation frequency only relates to the structure of the resonator rather than the speed of the wind which causes the oscillation of piezoelectric ceramics to produce a continuous charge, storage devices are used to store the charge, as regulated, the voltage is used as the power supply circuits of the fuse circuit.
Safety Analysis for High Speed Bogie Technologies of CRH3 EMU
Authors: Liang Shu Lin , Luo Ren , Wu Ping Bo
Published: February 2012

The bogie technology of the 350km/h EMU train is one of the key parts for China high speed railways. Through analysis of the high speed bogy for CRH3 EMU train, the design conceptions and methodologies of the bogy structure and suspension systems are better understood. Technical procedures for the bogie design are carefully investigated, which includes the wheel/rail interaction, helical spring and high property rubber pad used in primary suspension, high flexible and large convolution bellows type air spring, anti-roll bar and two point control of air springs used in secondary suspension, and the elastic frame suspended structure used for traction motor. Comparison between different bogy techniques are carried out by using the dynamic simulation, roller rig test and field test, and the efficient way to raise the bogie running safety and reliability is analyzed.
Probe Into the Scheme of the Structural Design of Stereoscopic Garage
Authors: Mei Ying , Liang Mu
Published: February 2012

Some of the large and medium-sized cities in China appear the phenomenon of easy to buy but difficulty to park a car. From the view of structure design scheme, several common mechanical parking system has been introduced in this paper. The application examples of the lateral movement type, vertical lifting movements of three-dimensional garage has been displayed emphatically. through to the analysis and comparison of the structure characteristics, working efficiency of the roadway stacker type parking equipment, the structural design advantages of the double loop level turntable three-dimensional garage has been objectively demonstrated.
Modeling and Simulation on the Control System of a Hydro-Mechanical Stepless Steering Mechanism
Authors: Han Zhao Lin
Published: February 2012

The paper creates a bond graph model of the control system of a hydro-mechanical stepless steering mechanism for a tracked vehicle in 20Sim software. Based on this model, the dynamic characteristics of combining and separating of the brake during the range shift process is analyzed. The result of simulation shows that there is a 0.1s interval during the shift process of the two brakes which may generate a power interruption in vehicle steering process. In order to resolve this problem, the brake which is coming to combine can be charged oil first, and then the brake which is coming to separate is discharged. That means the two brakes have an oil-filled state at same time. The result of simulation indicates the reasonable value of the time is 0.08 second. At last the paper brings forward an improvement to the control system to meet the requirement of oil-filled state at same time.
Application Research of a New Overrunning Clutch in Belt Conveyor
Authors: Xue Tong Long
Published: February 2012

In mine high-power belt conveyor, the driven system commonly used multi-motor-driven program. After starting the conveyor, the lower power is needed in normal operating of the conveyor, this appears serious “big horse pulling small car” phenomenon. Therefore, using a new overrunning clutch, when normal operating of belt conveyor is ensured by some motors, you can cut off a group or two groups of gearbox and motor running. This will not only reduce the load of the belt conveyor roller, and reduce energy consumption of gearbox and motor, and also improve the electric system power factor. It means significant energy saving there.
Analysis of the Steering Mechanism Based on Spatial Linkages of an Underground Vehicle
Authors: Dong Lei , Wang Bu Kang , Shi Rui Min
Published: February 2012

To achieve the goal of the 4WS (four-wheel steering), the spatial linkages were applied to the steering mechanism of the underground vehicle. The operation principle of the steering mechanism was firstly obtained. Then a nonlinear mathematical model of spatial linkages mechanism was deduced and the deviation from the Ackermann theory is about 7%. The results were acquired by solving the equations numerically in computer simulation software and compared with the real vehicle experiment data. It is demonstrated in the paper that the mathematical model is accurate and the error is within 6.5%. It is thought that this information may be useful in the initial design of the steering mechanism of the underground vehicle.
Simulation Analysis of Contact Pattern and Strength of WN Gears Having Tooth Surface Deviations
Authors: Chen Dian Hua , Zhang Zhong Wei
Published: February 2012

A practical method based on normal gaps topography is proposed here for loaded tooth contact analysis of WN gear having tooth surface deviations. The simulation of meshing state and tooth strength of WN gear are provided with real tooth surfaces. In the study normal gaps distribution is adopted to calculate tooth surface contact elastic deformation and local deviations due to manufacturing errors and tooth surface wear. For WN gear, the loaded distribution on the contact zone in meshing tooth surface has not been investigated because of their complexity in the contact state. The finite element method is adopted to analyze the contact pattern and tooth strength. The study has concretely calculated the contact pressure and zone of meshing in different loaded and transmission error. At the end examples are analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in quantifying effect of such deviations on the loaded distribution and tooth stress distribution.
Results of Distinct Modes of Loading Procedures in the Nonlinear Inelastic Behaviour of Solids
Authors: de Angelis Fabio , Cancellara Donato
Published: February 2012

The consequences of distinct modes of loading procedures on the mechanical behaviour of elasto/viscoplastic materials are analyzed in the present work. An associated formulation of the evolutive laws is adopted based on the existence of a non-negative convex closed function representing the dissipative mechanisms. Distinct modes of loading modalities are suitably taken into account by considering different loading application rates and the intrinsic properties of the material. An adequate integration scheme is adopted and the effectiveness of the procedure is shown by analyzing specific computational applications with different loading programs. Numerical examples and results are also illustrated in order to show the significance of different loading procedures and different loading rates on the nonlinear behaviour of inelastic materials.
Shearing Fracture Mechanism of Foam Aluminum Sandwich
Authors: Zhang Min , Chen Chang Jun , Zu Guo Yin , Yao Guang Chun
Published: February 2012

Core cracking and face/core separation (debonding) are common failure modes in foam cored sandwich structures, aluminum alloy foam sandwich is prepared in this experiment, shearing tests were conducted on precursor and sandwich panel specimens. Shearing test results showed if the porosity was not uniform and have super-big pores, the interface was not firmly；and porosity was uniform, so the bonding interface was tightly and under force the strength of aluminum sheet was lower than the foam core/aluminum sheet interface. Analysis the results fracture pattern of aluminum sheet/powders interface belongs to interface brittle debonding; and if the strength of pore wall was lower than aluminum face sheet, fracture pattern of foam core/aluminum sheet began ductile and transited to cleavages fracture.