bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nematic bits and universal logic gates
Authors: Kos Žiga , Dunkel Jörn
Published: August 2022

Liquid crystals (LCs) can host robust topological defect structures that essentially determine their optical and elastic properties. Although recent experimental progress enables precise control over nematic LC defects, their practical potential for information storage and processing has yet to be explored. Here, we introduce the concept of nematic bits (nbits) by exploiting a quaternionic mapping from LC defects to the Poincaré-Bloch sphere. Through theory and simulations, we demonstrate how single-nbit operations can be implemented using electric fields, to construct LC analogs of Pauli, Hadamard, and other elementary logic gates. Using nematoelastic interactions, we show how four-nbit configurations can realize universal classical NOR and NAND gates. Last, we demonstrate the implementation of generalized logical functions that take values on the Poincaré-Bloch sphere. These results open a route toward the implementation of classical digital and nonclassical continuous computation strategies in topological soft matter systems.
Chemostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic framework of the Eocene Kreyenhagen Formation, Kettleman area, central San Joaquin Basin, California
Authors: Giannetta Leo G. , Behl Richard J.
Published: August 2022

The Eocene Kreyenhagen Formation is a widespread siliceous, organic-rich mudstone within the San Joaquin Basin, but it is less studied than the Monterey Formation. This study characterizes the Kreyenhagen Formation in the Kettleman area to define its vertical and lateral variability on the basis redox conditions (Mo, U, Cr), paleoproductivity (biogenic SiO2, P, Ba), and detrital input (Al2O3, TiO2) to determine the dominant environmental conditions during deposition.

The Kreyenhagen Formation was correlated across 72 wells over a 4600 km2 (1776 mi2) area, which revealed an eastward thinning from 335 m (1100 ft) to less than 183 m (600 ft). We identified three informal members on the basis of log response and bulk/trace geochemistry: a lower calcareous silty mudstone, a middle organic-rich clayey mudstone, and an upper siliceous silty mudstone. Spatially, the greatest enrichment of total organic carbon, redox proxies, and biogenic silica occurs along Kettleman North Dome. These properties decrease eastward as clay volume, titanium, and aluminum increase.

We interpret the Kreyenhagen Formation to record one transgressive-regressive cycle with contemporaneous climatic cooling: a transgression with initial suboxia and calcareous plankton productivity, a highstand with anoxic-euxinic benthic conditions and clastic starvation, and regression with elevated biogenic silica input. The upward transition from a calcareous to siliceous composition may reflect known cooling and upwelling intensification on the middle Eocene California margin. Mo/U and Th/U patterns suggest variable redox conditions across space and time. Lateral compositional trends indicate that eastern areas were proximal to a Sierran clastic sediment source, while western areas were distal and more anoxic.
Gamma-ray attenuation bulk density as an indicator of diatom valve abundance and fragmentation in Pleistocene biosiliceous sediments of the Bering Sea
Authors: Drake* Michelle K. , Aiello* Ivano W. , Ravelo A. Christina
Published: August 2022

Multisensor track measurements are a nondestructive method to produce continuously measured high-resolution physical property data sets that are a great asset to a wide range of research, including geotechnical studies and paleoceanography. Interpretation of these physical property data can be challenging because they are typically influenced by multiple variables. This paper specifically focuses on the interpretation of gamma-ray attenuation (GRA) data (a proxy for sediment bulk density) in biosiliceous sediments. The Bering Sea is a basin dominated by biosiliceous sediment, and the late Pleistocene to present core record of Sites U1340 and U1339, drilled during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 323, has subtle meter-scale changes in the concentration of fine-grained siliciclastic sediment that produce lithologic alternations between diatom ooze and diatom mud. We produced a detailed sedimentologic data set that combined smear slide petrography, scanning electron microscopy, and grain-size analysis for both Sites U1340 and U1339 and correlated it to shipboard GRA bulk density measurements. Results show that bulk density is negatively correlated with diatom abundance and positively correlated with the fragmentation of diatom valves. This study argues that diatom abundance and fragmentation influence sediment packing and drive down-core variability in GRA bulk density. Therefore, denser diatom mud is a result of tightly packed, highly fragmented diatom valves, and diatom ooze is a less dense sediment dominated by whole and less fragmented diatom valves. We suggest that GRA data can be used as a proxy for diatom abundance and an indicator of diatom fragmentation. We include a discussion of how these results may impact the interpretation of ancient bedded siliceous rocks.
Case series of staged lamellar corneal grafting with thin manual Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty, followed by manual deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, as an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty
Authors: Tourkmani Abdo Karim , McCance Eleanor , Ansari Abdus Samad , Anderson David F
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this report is to present the outcomes of Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK), followed by deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), as an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for different indications. Patients in this retrospective case series underwent manual DSEK, followed by manual DALK, for tectonic and/or visual reasons. It includes three cases that underwent DSEK followed by DALK as an alternative to PKP for the following conditions: failed PKP and stromal scarring, aphakic bullous keratopathy and herpetic stromal scarring, and herpetic corneal perforation. All cases had successful anatomical repair with visual improvement. Many corneal conditions involving endothelium and stroma have been traditionally managed with PKP. However, in certain settings with high risk of complications, this might not be an appropriate option. Therefore, for these cases, we propose management with DSEK followed by DALK as an alternative approach in a ‘closed anterior chamber’ fashion, which can reduce the risk of significant, sometimes irreversible, complications.
Improving facility-based care: eliciting tacit knowledge to advance intervention design
Authors: English Mike , Nzinga Jacinta , Oliwa Jacquie , Maina Michuki , Oluoch Dorothy , Barasa Edwine , Irimu Grace , Muinga Naomi , Vincent Charles , McKnight Jacob
Published: August 2022

Attention has turned to improving the quality and safety of healthcare within health facilities to reduce avoidable mortality and morbidity. Interventions should be tested in health system environments that can support their adoption if successful. To be successful, interventions often require changes in multiple behaviours making their consequences unpredictable. Here, we focus on this challenge of change at the mesolevel or microlevel. Drawing on multiple insights from theory and our own empirical work, we highlight the importance of engaging managers, senior and frontline staff and potentially patients to explore foundational questions examining three core resource areas. These span the physical or material resources available, workforce capacity and capability and team and organisational relationships. Deficits in all these resource areas may need to be addressed to achieve success. We also argue that as inertia is built into the complex social and human systems characterising healthcare facilities that thought on how to mobilise five motive forces is needed to help achieve change. These span goal alignment and ownership, leadership for change, empowering key actors, promoting responsive planning and procurement and learning for transformation. Our aim is to bridge the theory—practice gap and offer an entry point for practical discussions to elicit the critical tacit and contextual knowledge needed to design interventions. We hope that this may improve the chances that interventions are successful and so contribute to better facility-based care and outcomes while contributing to the development of learning health systems.
Ensuring quality in contextualised cancer management guidelines for resource-constraint settings: using a systematic approach
Authors: Sengar Manju , Pramesh C S , Mehndiratta Abha , Shah Sudeep , Munshi Anusheel , Vijaykumar D K , Puri Ajay , Mathew Beela , Arora Ramandeep Singh , Kumari T Priya , Deodhar Kedar , Menon Santosh , Epari Sridhar , Shetty Omshree , Cluzeau Francoise
Published: August 2022

To address the wide variation in access to cancer care in India requires strengthening of infrastructure, trained oncology workforce, and minimisation of out-of-pocket expenditures. However, even with major investments, it is unlikely to achieve the same level of infrastructure and expertise across the country. Therefore, a resource stratified approach driven by evidence-based and contextualised clinical guidelines is the need of the hour. The National Cancer Grid has been at the forefront of delivery of standardised cancer care through several of its initiatives, including the resource-stratified guidelines. Development of new guidelines is resource and time intensive, which may not be feasible and can delay the implementation. Adaptation of the existing standard guidelines using the transparent and well-documented methodology with involvement of all stakeholders can be one of the most reasonable pathways. However, the adaptation should be done keeping in mind the context, resource availability, budget impact, investment needed for implementation and acceptability by clinicians, patients, policymakers, and other stakeholders. The present paper provides the framework for systematically developing guidelines through adaptation and contextualisation. The process can be used for other health conditions in resource-constraint settings.
Single versus double hamstring tendon graft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the paediatric patient: a single-blind randomised controlled trial study protocol
Authors: Bade David , Malayko Garrett , Johnson Liam , Bradford Kylie , Reddan Tristan , Stockton Chris , Frawley Kieran , Phillips Teresa , Saxby David , Ware Robert S , Byrnes Joshua , Carty Christopher P
Published: August 2022

Introduction

There is currently no clear indication in the literature regarding a single or double hamstring tendon (single bundle) autograft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in the paediatric patient. The primary aim of this single blind randomised controlled trial is to determine whether a single or double hamstring tendon graft ACLR leads to superior clinical outcomes postsurgery in paediatric patients with ACL injury.

Methods and analysis

Single site, prospective, single blind, randomised controlled trial with two parallel treatment arms. 100 patients aged 10–18 years who present with an isolated ACL tear±meniscal injury, verified on MRI, will be randomly allocated to one of the two surgical groups. The primary outcomes will be side-to-side difference in anterior tibial translation and graft failure incidence 12 months postsurgery. Primary and secondary outcomes will also be assessed at 2-year and 5-year postsurgery.

Ethics and dissemination

Results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals and at international conferences and disseminated to participants and healthcare professionals via newsletters and hospital presentations. This study is approved by the Children’s Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service Human Research Ethics committee.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12620001170910p; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry.
Therapy outcome measures in temporomandibular disorder: a scoping review
Authors: Ooi Kazuhiro , Aihara Morio , Matsumura Hidehisa , Matsuda Shinpei , Watanabe Yuki , Yuasa Hidemichi , Matsuka Yoshizo
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Therapy outcome measures (TOMs) in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) have not been systematically evaluated. We systematically explored the main TOM assessment methods for TMD TOMs used in previous studies.

Design

Scoping review.

Data sources

According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Review reporting guidelines, we systematically searched five key databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Epistemonikos and ClinicalTrials) and thoroughly scanned relevant grey literature using Medical Subject Headings, Emtree and index terms.

Eligibility criteria

We considered primary research papers published from January 2010 to December 2020 that included patients with TMD aged ≥18 years, diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders.

Data extraction and synthesis

Four reviewers extracted general information and information on study design and setting, target, interventions, and outcome type.

Results

One hundred and seventy-two of the 3726 screened articles (3704 by search engines and 22 manually) were included. The TOMs analysed included pain (n=161 articles), maximal mouth opening (MMO) (91), jaw function (32), jaw movement (26), joint sound (16), quality of life (QOL) (15), depression/anxiety (14), oral QOL (10) or others (30). Evaluation periods were <4 weeks (111), <8 weeks (62), <12 weeks (59), >12 weeks (75) or ‘not mentioned’ (12). Pain outcomes (229) included general pain (115), tenderness (45), pain during functioning (44), resting pain (16) and others (8). Pain outcome evaluation methods included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; 121), Numerical Rating Scale (21) and other methods (21). Pain outcome indicators were binary (10) or continuous (158); only five studies reported the least significant difference in treatment efficacy. MMO evaluation using painless methods (19) and jaw function evaluation using methods assessing mandibular movement range (23) were the most frequent.

Conclusions

TMD TOMs are diverse; the major outcomes were pain, MMO, jaw function and jaw movement. Most pain outcomes are evaluated by VAS Score changes.
Scoping review of models and frameworks of patient engagement in health services research
Authors: Chudyk Anna Maria , Horrill Tara , Waldman Celeste , Demczuk Lisa , Shimmin Carolyn , Stoddard Roger , Hickes Serena , Schultz Annette SH
Published: August 2022

Objective

To count and describe the elements that overlap (ie, present in two or more) and diverge between models and frameworks of patient engagement in health services research. Our specific research question was ‘what are the elements that underlie models and frameworks of patient engagement in health services research?’

Design

Scoping review.

Data sources

On 6–7 July 2021, we searched six electronic databases (ie, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Based Practice Database, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus) and Google Scholar for published literature, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, Conference Proceedings Citation Index, Google, and key agencies’ websites for unpublished (ie, grey) literature, with no date restrictions. These searches were supplemented by snowball sampling.

Eligibility criteria

We included published and unpublished literature that presented (a) models or frameworks (b) of patient engagement (c) in health services research. We excluded articles unavailable as full text or not written in English.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two independent reviewers extracted data from included articles using an a priori developed standardised form. Data were synthesised using both quantitative (ie, counts) and qualitative (ie, mapping) analyses.

Results

We identified a total of 8069 articles and ultimately included 14 models and frameworks in the review. These models and frameworks were comprised of 18 overlapping and 57 diverging elements, that were organised into six conceptual categories (ie, principles, foundational components, contexts, actions, levels and outcomes) and spanned intrapersonal, interpersonal, process, environmental, and health systems and outcomes domains.

Conclusions

There is little overlap between the elements that comprise existing models and frameworks of patient engagement in health services research. Those seeking to apply these models and frameworks should consider the ‘fit’ of each element, by conceptual category and domain, within the context of their study.
Targeted intervention to achieve waste reduction in gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Cunha Neves João A , Roseira Joana , Queirós Patrícia , Sousa Helena Tavares , Pellino Gianluca , Cunha Miguel F
Published: August 2022

Objective

Endoscopy is healthcare’s third largest generator of medical waste in hospitals. This prospective study aimed to measure a single unit’s waste carbon footprint and perform a pioneer intervention towards a more sustainable endoscopy practice. The relation of regulated medical waste (RMW; material fully contaminated with blood or body fluids or containing infectious agents) versus landfill waste (non-recyclable material not fully contaminated) may play a critical role.

Design

In a four-stage prospective study, following a 4-week observational audit with daily weighing of both waste types (stage 1), stage 2 consisted of a 1-week intervention with team education of waste handling. Recycling bins were placed in endoscopy rooms, landfill and RMW bins were relocated. During stages 3 (1 month after intervention) and 4 (4 months after intervention), daily endoscopic waste was weighed. Equivalence of 1 kg of landfill waste to 1 kg carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) and 1 kg of RMW to 3kgCO2ewas assumed. Paired samples t-tests for comparisons.

Results

From stage 1 to stage 3, mean total waste and RMW were reduced by 12.9% (p=0.155) and 41.4% (p=0.010), respectively, whereas landfill (p=0.059) and recycling waste increased (paper: p=0.001; plastic: p=0.007). While mean endoscopy load was similar (46.2 vs 44.5, p=0.275), a total decrease of CO2eby 31.6% (138.8kgCO2e) was found (mean kgCO2e109.7 vs 74.9, p=0.018). The annual reduction was calculated at 1665.6kgCO2e. All these effects were sustained 4 months after the intervention (stage 4) without objections by responsible endoscopy personnel.

Conclusion

In this interventional study, applying sustainability measures to a real-world scenario, RMW reduction and daily recycling were achieved and sustained over time, without compromising endoscopy productivity.
Making psychiatry moral again: the role of psychiatry in patient moral development
Authors: McConnell Doug , Broome Matthew , Savulescu Julian
Published: August 2022

Psychiatric involvement in patient morality is controversial. If psychiatrists are tasked with shaping patient morality, the coercive potential of psychiatry is increased, treatment may be unfairly administered on the basis of patients’ moral beliefs rather than medical need, moral disputes could damage the therapeutic relationship and, in any case, we are often uncertain or conflicted about what is morally right. Yet, there is also a strong case for the view that psychiatry often works through improving patient morality and, therefore, should aim to do so. Our goal is to offer a practical and ethical path through this conflict. We argue that the default psychiatric approach to patient morality should be procedural, whereby patients are helped to express their own moral beliefs. Such a procedural approach avoids the brunt of objections to psychiatric involvement in patient morality. However, in a small subset of cases where patients’ moral beliefs are sufficiently distorted or underdeveloped, we claim that psychiatrists should move to a substantive approach and shape thecontentof those beliefs when they are relevant to psychiatric outcomes. The substantive approach is prone to the above objections but we argue it is nevertheless justified in this subset of cases.
Epidemiology of trauma in patients with mental disorders
Authors: Muns Sofia M , Ramos-Meléndez Ediel O , Guerrios Lourdes , Rodríguez-Ortiz Pablo
Published: August 2022

Objectives

We aimed to explore the influence of mental disorders on the risk of developing complications and in-hospital mortality after trauma.

Methods

We conducted an institutional review board-approved cohort study of 23 500 adult patients admitted to the Puerto Rico Trauma Hospital from 2002 to 2019. Participants were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of psychiatric illnesses. Logistic regressions were employed to investigate the effect of mental illness on study outcomes.

Results

Psychiatric illness was associated with higher risk of complications; this risk increased with age. The pattern was accentuated for those with substance use disorders (SUD) and attenuated for those with non-substance-related diagnoses (NSRD). Psychiatric patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 15 had a 42% (95% CI 1.17 to 1.73) higher risk of dying, while the opposite was seen for those with scores <15 (adjusted OR=0.79; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.99). SUD was associated with a 51% (95% CI 1.21 to 1.88) higher risk of death in patients with GCS scores of 15, while NSRD was linked to a 49% (95% CI 0.33 to 0.79) lower odds of death among subjects with scores <15.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that trauma patients with SUD are at increased risk of developing complications and those with SUD and GCS scores of 15 are at increased risk of death. Mental health screening is an essential component of the management of trauma patients. Stratifying based on mental health disorders may be helpful during the clinical management of trauma patients, as those with SUD may benefit from more aggressive management.

Level of evidence

Level 4, prognostic and epidemiological study.

Study type

Original retrospective cohort study.
An elegant approach for selective synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles at room temperature using Ag nanoparticles as an activator: effect of solvent on the selectivity
Authors: De Jhinuk , Sarkar Subhrajit , Debbarma Trideep , Khan Shamim Ahmed , Roy Manojit , Misra Tarun Kumar , Majumdar Swapan
Published: August 2022

An expedient, competent, and green protocol was developed for the selective synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole by the condensation of 1,2-diaminobenzene and various aldehydes, including aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic aldehydes, in methanol and water (1:1) as reaction media in the presence of Ag nanoparticles in a one pot operation at room temperature. The selectivity of the protocol for obtaining 2-substituted benzimidazole is highly dependent on the ratios of methanol and water used, as well as the reaction temperature. The present protocol exhibits several advantages, such as high yield, short reaction time, high selectivity, and no side reaction, and it works at room temperature, which makes this methodology green, providing a practical input to the existing procedures available for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives.
The Cambrian (Furongian) olenid trilobitePelturafrom Avalonian Nova Scotia, Canada, with a review of some species from Baltica
Authors: Nguyen John J. , Westrop Stephen R. , Landing Ed
Published: August 2022

The Cambrian olenid trilobite Peltura Milne-Edwards, 1840 is widespread in the Furongian strata of the Cambrian continents of Baltica and Avalonia, and has played a significant role in biostratigraphic zonations for both regions. Despite this importance, the genus is poorly known in Avalonian Canada. New collections from the Chelsey Drive Group on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, yielded numerous sclerites of a new species, Peltura hutchinsoni sp. nov., that may also occur in the Parabolina lobata Zone of Baltica. Archival specimens from Sweden and Norway allow the revision of Peltura scarabaeoides ( Wahlenberg, 1821 ) and Peltura acutidens Brögger, 1882 , respectively.
CDC Vantta durum wheat
Authors: Pozniak C.J. , Clarke J.M. , Haile J.K. , Haile T.A.
Published: August 2022

CDC Vantta durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. CDC Vantta combines high grain yield potential, strong straw, and a semi-dwarf growth habit. CDC Vantta is resistant to leaf and stripe rusts and common bunt, and expresses high yellow pigment in the grain and superior pasta colour compared with check cultivars. CDC Vantta has low cadmium concentration and is eligible for grades of the Canada Western Amber Durum class.
Enzymatic Numerical Spiking Neural Membrane Systems and their Application in Designing Membrane Controllers
Authors: Zhang Luping , Xu Fei , Xiao Dongyang , Dong Jianping , Zhang Gexiang , Neri Ferrante
Published: August 2022

Spiking neural P systems (SN P systems), inspired by biological neurons, are introduced as symbolical neural-like computing models that encode information with multisets of symbolized spikes in neurons and process information by using spike-based rewriting rules. Inspired by neuronal activities affected by enzymes, a numerical variant of SN P systems called enzymatic numerical spiking neural P systems (ENSNP systems) is proposed wherein each neuron has a set of variables with real values and a set of enzymatic activation-production spiking rules, and each synapse has an assigned weight. By using spiking rules, ENSNP systems can directly implement mathematical methods based on real numbers and continuous functions. Furthermore, ENSNP systems are used to model ENSNP membrane controllers (ENSNP-MCs) for robots implementing wall following. The trajectories, distances from the wall, and wheel speeds of robots with ENSNP-MCs for wall following are compared with those of a robot with a membrane controller for wall following. The average error values of the designed ENSNP-MCs are compared with three recently fuzzy logical controllers with optimization algorithms for wall following. The experimental results showed that the designed ENSNP-MCs can be candidates as efficient controllers to control robots implementing the task of wall following.
A geometrical point of view for branching problems for holomorphic discrete series of conformal Lie groups
Authors: Labriet Quentin
Published: August 2022

This paper is devoted to branching problems for holomorphic discrete series representations of a conformal group [Formula: see text] of a tube domain [Formula: see text] over a symmetric cone [Formula: see text] restricted to the conformal group [Formula: see text] of a tube domain [Formula: see text] holomorphically embedded in [Formula: see text]. The goal of this work is the explicit construction of the symmetry breaking and holographic operators in this geometrical setting. We answer this program with the introduction of another functional model for holomorphic discrete series representations. This model leads to a geometrical interpretation and a close relation to the theory of orthogonal polynomials for such branching problems. This program is illustrated by three cases. First, we consider the [Formula: see text]-fold tensor product of holomorphic discrete series of the universal covering of [Formula: see text]. Then, it is tested on the restrictions of a member of the scalar-valued holomorphic discrete series of the conformal group [Formula: see text] to the subgroup [Formula: see text], and finally to the subgroup [Formula: see text].
Incorporating the traffic interruption probability effect during evolution process in two-lane lattice hydrodynamic model
Authors: Li Yuxuan , Zhou Tong , Peng Guanghan
Published: August 2022

By incorporating the interruption probability effect, this paper provides a novel lattice hydrodynamic model for two lanes. The two-lane stability is investigated from linear stable analysis, which implies that the interruption probability effect can extend the stable region in the two-lane system. Moreover, the density waves and the hysteresis loops shrink from simulation tests as the intensity of the interruption probability effect increases, which indicates that the interruption probability effect strengthens the two-lane stability. More importantly, the fuel consumption and emissions fall down clearly with the interruption probability effect increasing on two lanes according to simulation tests.
Fresnel diffraction at circular cylinders
Authors: Ufimtsev Pyotr Ya. , Apaydin Gokhan
Published: August 2022

Fresnel diffraction is a fundamental wave phenomenon happening near the shadow boundary behind a large opaque object. Previously, it was studied for the case of diffraction at large apertures in a black screen. In this paper, we investigate this phenomenon for perfectly conducting cylinders with large cross-sections. First, this theory is developed for the circular cylinders, then extended to the cylinders of arbitrary shape. It is shown that Fresnel diffraction can be interpreted as interference of the shadow radiation with the incident wave. Analytical equations and numerical data are provided and discussed in detail.
The physics case for a neutrino lepton collider in light of the CDF W mass measurement
Authors: Yang Tianyi , Qian Sitian , Deng Sen , Xiao Jie , Gao Leyun , Levin Andrew Michael , Li Qiang , Lu Meng , You Zhengyun
Published: August 2022

We propose a neutrino lepton collider where the neutrino beam is generated from TeV scale muon decays. Such a device would allow for a precise measurement of the W mass based on single W production [Formula: see text]. Although it is challenging to achieve high instantaneous luminosity with such a collider, we find that a total luminosity of 0.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] can already yield competitive physics results. In addition to a W mass measurement, a rich variety of physics goals could be achieved with such a collider, including W boson precision measurements, heavy leptophilic gauge boson searches and anomalous [Formula: see text] coupling searches. A neutrino lepton collider is both a novel idea in itself, and may also be a useful intermediate step, with less muon cooling required, towards the muon–muon collider already being pursued by the energy frontier community. A neutrino neutrino or neutrino proton collider may also be interesting future options for the high energy frontier.
Conserved charges of Einstein gravity in a connection-independent formulation
Authors: Guo Wei-Jie , Peng Jun-Jin
Published: August 2022

We derive the conserved currents and potentials for Einstein gravity on the basis of a recently proposed connection-independent formulation of this theory. Particularly, we obtain a superpotential that generalizes naturally the usual Katz–Bicak–Lynden–Bell (KBL) one by including the contribution from an arbitrary reference affine connection. The potentials can be adopted to define conserved charges of Einstein gravity. By contrast with the usual metric formulation described by the Einstein–Hilbert Lagrangian, our analysis reveals that the connection-independent formulation conveniently reproduces the KBL superpotential and it can provide a unified description for conserved charges defined by virtue of the KBL method and the covariant phase space approach. In addition, we investigate the properties of the connection-independent Lagrangian under connection and conformal transformations, and we reveal that the connection-independent Lagrangian can be reproduced by converting the Levi-Civita connection in the boundary term into an arbitrary one in terms of the Gamma squared expression for the Einstein–Hilbert Lagrangian.
A Subcircuit-Based Model for the Accumulation-Mode MOS Capacitor
Authors: Jamasb Shahriar , Khodabakhshi Mohammad Bagher , Baghbani Rasool
Published: August 2022

The accumulation-mode metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is commonly employed to implement MOS varactors in frequency-tuning circuits for radio frequency (RF) and analog applications. A subcircuit model for the accumulation-mode MOS (AMOS) capacitor based on the Berkeley Short-channel IGFET Model (BSIM) for the MOS field effect transistor (MOSFET) is presented. The proposed model accurately fits the capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of an AMOS capacitor fabricated in a submicron CMOS process over the full range of operating gate voltages. The model also accounts for the impact of the distributed series resistance on the transient response of the AMOS capacitor. Notably, the gate capacitance and the associated series resistance are modeled as a distributed resistor-capacitor (RC) network to derive a subcircuit-based model with the bias-dependent resistance of the accumulation layer modeled as a voltage-controlled resistor (VCR). The proposed model is evaluated based on SPICE simulation of the intrinsic transient response of the AMOS capacitor using a basic circuit, representing the distributed RC network associated with the MOS device structure. Fine tuning of the effective series resistance in the subcircuit model can be achieved by fitting the measured data characterizing the charge–discharge behavior of the AMOS capacitor to the simulated data characterizing the intrinsic transient response generated by SPICE.
Relieving string tension by making baby universes in a dynamical string tension braneworld model
Authors: Guendelman Eduardo I. , Merali Zeeya
Published: August 2022

String tension fundamentally determines the properties of strings; yet its value is often assigned arbitrarily, creating a fine-tuning problem. We describe a mechanism for dynamically generating string tension in a flat or almost flat spacetime, using the ‘modified measures formalism’, which in turn naturally generates a new type of stringy braneworld scenario. Such a scenario allows strings to achieve near infinite tension confining the strings to two very close expanding surfaces, but the infinite tensions also threaten to distort the near-flat embedding spacetime through large back reactions. We argue that this danger can be neutralized via the creation of a baby universe — a growing region of embedding spacetime that divorces from the ambient embedding spacetime, while our universe is still a brane separating two nearly flat spacetimes. The avoidance of a minimum length and a maximum Hagedorn temperature in the context of dynamical string tension generation is also discussed.
On criticality theory for elliptic mixed boundary value problems in divergence form
Authors: Pinchover Yehuda , Versano Idan
Published: August 2022

The paper is devoted to the study of positive solutions of a second-order linear elliptic equation in divergence form in a domain [Formula: see text] that satisfy an oblique boundary condition on a portion of [Formula: see text]. First, we study weak solutions for the degenerate mixed boundary value problem

[Formula: see text]

where [Formula: see text] is a bounded Lipschitz domain, [Formula: see text] is a relatively open portion of [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is an oblique (Robin) boundary operator defined on [Formula: see text] in a weak sense. In particular, we discuss the unique solvability of the above problem, the existence of a principal eigenvalue, and the existence of a minimal positive Green function. Then we establish a criticality theory for positive weak solutions of the operator [Formula: see text] in a general domain [Formula: see text] with no boundary condition on [Formula: see text] and no growth condition at infinity. The paper extends results obtained by Pinchover and Saadon for classical solutions of such a problem, where stronger regularity assumptions on the coefficients of [Formula: see text], and the boundary [Formula: see text] are assumed.
A Brezis–Oswald approach for mixed local and nonlocal operators
Authors: Biagi Stefano , Mugnai Dimitri , Vecchi Eugenio
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique positive weak solution for some sublinear Dirichlet problems driven by the sum of a quasilinear local and a nonlocal operator, i.e. [Formula: see text] Our main result is resemblant to the celebrated work by Brezis–Oswald [Remarks on sublinear elliptic equations, Nonlinear Anal. 10 (1986) 55–64]. In addition, we prove a regularity result of independent interest.
Existence of heteroclinic and saddle-type solutions for a class of quasilinear problems in whole ℝ2
Authors: Alves Claudianor O. , Isneri Renan J. S. , Montecchiari Piero
Published: August 2022

In this work, we use variational methods to prove the existence of heteroclinic and saddle-type solutions for a class quasilinear elliptic equations of the form [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a N-function, [Formula: see text] is a periodic positive function and [Formula: see text] is modeled on the Ginzburg–Landau potential. In particular, our main result includes the case of the potential [Formula: see text], which reduces to the classical double well Ginzburg–Landau potential when [Formula: see text], that is, when we are working with the Laplacian operator.
A Hermite-Family C1 Finite Layer Method for the Three-Dimensional Free Vibration Analysis of Exponentially Graded Piezoelectric Microplates Based on the Consistent Couple Stress Theory
Authors: Wu Chih-Ping , Lu Yi-An
Published: August 2022

Based on the consistent couple stress theory (CCST), we develop a Hermite-family [Formula: see text] finite layer method (FLM) for the three-dimensional (3D) free vibration analysis of a simply-supported, exponentially graded (EG) piezoelectric microplate under open- and closed-circuit surface conditions. In the formulation of the FLM, the microplate is artificially divided into a number of finite microlayers, and Fourier functions and Hermite polynomials are used to interpolate the in-plane and out-of-plane variations of a number of primary variables, respectively, including elastic displacement components and the electric potential variable for each individual layer. The Hermite-family [Formula: see text] FLM for analyzing EG piezoelectric microplates is reduced to the Hermite-family [Formula: see text] FLM for analyzing EG piezoelectric macroscale plates and functionally graded (FG) elastic microplates by assigning a value of zero to the material length scale parameter and by ignoring the piezoelectric and flexoelectric effects in the formulation, respectively. The accuracy and convergence rate of the FLM are assessed by comparing their solutions with the benchmark solutions of both the EG piezoelectric macroplates and the power-law-type FG elastic microplates that are available in the relevant literature. We examine and discuss some key effects on the free vibration characteristics of an EG piezoelectric microplate, including the impact of the material length scale parameter, the material-property gradient index, the length-to-thickness ratio, the piezoelectric effect, and the flexoelectric effect.
Optimal Design of Inertial Amplifier Base Isolators for Dynamic Response Control of Multi-Storey Buildings
Authors: Chowdhury Sudip , Banerjee Arnab , Adhikari Sondipon
Published: August 2022

The optimal design of inertial amplifier base isolators (IABI) for dynamic response mitigation of multi-storey buildings subjected to base excitations has been studied in this paper. In order to achieve the closed-form expressions for optimal design parameters of IABI, [Formula: see text] optimization method has been employed. The effectiveness of the closed-form expressions for optimal design parameters was evaluated by determining the isolated structures’ frequency and time domain responses and comparing them to the corresponding responses obtained from equivalent uncontrolled structures. A numerical study employing the Newmark-beta method is conducted to obtain time-domain responses using near-field earthquake base excitation. The response reduction capacity (%) of the optimum inertial amplifier base isolator is compared to the response reduction capacity (%) of the optimum traditional base isolators, demonstrating that inertial amplifiers have increased the vibration reduction performance of traditional base isolators by 50% to 60%. All the outcomes from the study are mathematically accurate and also feasible for practical design purposes.
CONSTRUCTION OF THE EXACT SOLUTION OF BLOOD FLOW OF OLDROYD-B FLUIDS THROUGH ARTERIES WITH EFFECTS OF FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVE MAGNETIC FIELD AND HEAT TRANSFER
Authors: YAKUBU DAUDA GULIBUR , ABDULHAMEED MOHAMMED , ADAMU GARBA TAHIRU , HASSAN USMAN , KAURANGINI MUHAMMAD LAWAN
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we construct the exact solution of blood flow of Oldroyd-B fluids to represent the non-Newtonian characteristics of biofluids and to study the unsteady flow of blood and heat transfer through arterial segment with external magnetic field applied normal to the flow direction in the presence of thermal radiation and body acceleration. In the study, we investigate the influence of Caputo time-fractional parameter, heat transfer, external body acceleration, and magnetic field on the blood velocity and temperature distribution in a straight circular cylindrical vessel. The constitutive partial differential equation and temperature equation governing blood flow in the arterial wall are solved using Laplace and finite Hankel transforms. In addition, Gaver Stehfest’s algorithm is used for the inverse Laplace transform. The results obtained are interpreted graphically and discussed from the physiological point of view. The graphs show that the rate of heat transfer and blood velocity become less with the increase in the external magnetic field strength which is very good in regulating blood flow as well as temperature distribution during treatment. Based on the graphical representations, blood velocity and temperature distribution both decrease in ascending order of the fractional parameter as memory effect. Further, owing to the dissipation of energy caused by blood viscoelasticity and magnetic field effect, during pulsatile flow of blood, the heat transfer rate at the wall of the artery is enhanced. The significance of this study can be found in the application fields such as biomedical engineering, medicine and pathology.
MOLECULES GENERATION TO INHIBIT COVID-19 DISEASE USING ENCODER-DECODER LSTM ARCHITECTURE AND PCA PROPERTIES
Authors: AMRANE MERIEM , OUKID SALYHA , ENSARI TOLGA
Published: August 2022

COVID-19 has become the world’s worst pandemic and has claimed over six million lives as of March 2022. The virus is now in alongside cancer as one of the most common causes of death. Likewise, there is no definitive or unique treatment for COVID-19 outside of a selected few drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). While Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be used to generate molecules that target Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for COVID-19, such molecules are novel and do not yet exist in the market. With the emergence and availability of several drug datasets related to COVID-19 (tests, images, graphs, and ChEMBLs), recent works based on Deep Learning (DL) techniques have been employed to generate molecules and check the effectiveness of existing molecules on COVID-19. In our study, we investigated the benefits of an Encoder–Decoder (ED) architecture based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) cells. As a result, the molecules were converted into a vector during the encoding phase, which was then decoded back into SMILES molecules strings. We propose an approach to incorporate four features of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) with Encoder–Decoder Long Short-Term Memory (ED-LSTM) for regularization, which means that, instead of avoiding linear mapping, we assumed that the data could be linearly separable. We concluded that ED-LSTM with unit norm constraint has the best reconstruction accuracy in the context of generating molecules. The resulting dataset was used with the aid of virtual screening and convolutional neural networks to check the drugs that have the best binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2. We achieved an accuracy of 87.35% on the test set.
A Descriptive Framework for Information Retrieval Using Crawler Based Clustering and Effective Search Algorithm
Authors: Gowri S. , Subhashini R. , Mathivanan G. , Jabez J. , Vigneshwari S. , Vimali J. S.
Published: August 2022

Information Retrieval is the most predominant topic in the field of Information Systems as the generation of data over various systems and channels is growing every day. The proposed system which works on the offline basis is designed for the purpose of organizing data in a defined manner and for the purpose of increasing relevancy in the retrieval of the required information from this largely generated data. In the proposed system two novel algorithms, Dynamic Path Selection Clustering (DPSC) algorithm for clustering and the Rearward Binary Window Match (RBWM) algorithm for search process are introduced to overcome the difficulty in data organization and search. The evaluation of the entire system is done and the results are compared along with the results of the existing techniques.
A Two-Phase Population and Subspace Feature-Based Multi-Classification Model to Improve Chronic Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Hua Zhong-Sheng , Xiao Dian , Zhang Zheng , Jia Hong-Yu
Published: August 2022

In the chronic disease diagnosis with high-dimensional clinical features, feature selection (FS) algorithms are widely applied to avoid sparse data. In current FS algorithms, only population features, which are in strong relevance with states of all patients, are extracted, while subspace features, which are in weak relevance with states of all patients but in strong relevance with states of patients under a certain state, are ignored. Eliminated relevant information in subspace features worsens the performance of current classification models. To alleviate the conflict of feature extraction in sparse data, we propose a two-phase classification model with relevant information in both population and subspace features considered. For a patient, his probability under each state is estimated in a space whose dimensions are population features in Phase 1, and in a space whose dimensions are subspace features under that state in Phase 2. The final result of the classification model is based on results in both phases. With both population and subspace features considered and probabilities under each state estimated in a low-dimensional space, the two-phase classification model outperforms other benchmark models both in accuracy and mean absolute error in the hepatic fibrosis diagnosis for patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Enhancing Two-Phase Supply Chain Network Distribution via Three Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithms Subsidized by Mathematical Procedures
Authors: Abed Ahmed M. , Seddek Laila F. , AlArjani Ali
Published: August 2022

Supply Chain Networks Distribution (SCND) topology aims to find the best position and size for facilities to ensure optimal products flow based on the Matheuristic approach (i.e. decomposition meta-heuristics). This problem is a multi-objective function designed to reduce the transported costs and associated delivery times. The Matheuristic presents a brilliant hybridize between the meta-heuristics steps and mathematical procedures in solving large-size problems with the slightest deviation [Formula: see text]. This paper proposed an ant colony-based algorithm evolved by mathematical procedures called Mat-ACO, compared with SA “simulated annealing” and CA “Camel algorithm.” The authors deduced that the mathematical solution is limited as the instances grow, significantly if increased than 600 network hotspots. The Mat-ACO, SA, and CA results are close to counterparts obtained by LINGO, with a difference of 2.03%, 2.49%, and 3.75%, respectively, and continue to extract results from more than 1350 network hotspots. The main contribution is to find the optimum tuning parameters, which will reduce the deviation from the exact solution. This paper reveals that no feasible solution can catch the LINGO at large-size problems. At the same time, the CA is superior to SA in the large problem sizes, while Mat-ACO still presents preferred solutions in minimum time. The proposed methodology is classified as a closed-loop network strategy that targets green management.