bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Bioleaching Process for Sustainable Recycling of Complex Structures with Multi-Metal Layers
Authors: Pakostova Eva , Herath Anuradha
Published: September 2023

Industrial waste is accumulating, while primary metal resources are depleting. Bioleaching has been shown to be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to metal recovery from waste, but improved designs are needed for large-scale recycling. Metal components that are manufactured by electrodeposition over a mandrel can be difficult to recycle using conventional techniques due to their complex geometry and inner Ag coating. A sustainable biotechnology for separating Cu and Ag from waste electrodeposited components is presented. Two-step bioleaching experiments were performed, during which Cu was solubilized by Fe3+ regenerated by Acidithiobacillus (At.) ferrooxidans CF3 and a consortium of ten acidophilic Fe2+-oxidizers. High Cu recovery rates were achieved in agitated flasks (22 °C, pH 1.9), with At. ferrooxidans solubilizing 94.7% Cu in 78 days and the consortium 99.2% Cu in 59 days. Copper bio-solubilization was significantly accelerated in a laboratory-scale bioreactor (32 °C, 1 L air min−1) using the bacterial consortium adapted to elevated Cu concentrations, reaching >99.6% Cu extraction in only 12 days. The bioreactor was dominated by Leptospirillum and Acidithiobacillus, with their proportions changing (from 83.2 to 59% of total reads and from 3.6 to 29.4%, respectively) during the leaching process. Dissolved Cu was recovered from the bioleachates (containing 14 to 22 g Cu L−1) using electrowinning; >99% of the Cu was deposited (with Cu purity of 98.5 to 99.9%) in 3.33 h (at current efficiency between 80 and 92%). The findings emphasize the importance of a bioleaching system design to achieve economical separation of base and precious metals from industrial wastes. The presented technology minimizes waste generation and energy consumption. On a larger scale, it has the potential to contribute to the development of industrial recycling processes that will protect natural resources and contribute to the Net Zero target.
Identifying Members of Common Structures Utilizing Three-Dimensional Detecting Information for 3D Point Cloud Model Application
Authors: Kim Ju-Yong , Kim Gwang-Hee
Published: September 2023

This study focuses on improving progress monitoring in construction projects through the integration of 3D laser scanning technology and component-specific data identification. The conventional method of measuring progress using cost-based rates and on-site factors often leads to discrepancies between actual progress and reported rates. Additionally, data collection challenges in real construction sites further hinder accurate progress assessment. To address these issues, the study utilizes 3D laser scanning to gather real-time construction progress data and introduces a method to identify specific components by comparing 3D models with positional information. The method used in this study shows how to obtain powerful location information from BIM. This prevents direct duplicate operations from proceeding between models during execution. The comparison enables accurate identification, and an algorithm extracts additional details for construction status verification. The outcomes offer a promising solution for acquiring precise and reliable progress data, enabling stakeholders to make well-informed decisions. By implementing this approach, construction projects can achieve enhanced management and overall success.
Molecular Interaction Mechanism between Aromatic Oil and High-Content Waste-Rubber-Modified Asphalt
Authors: Yan Yuan , Zhou Xinxing , Jiang Ruiqie , Ran Maoping , Zhou Xinglin
Published: September 2023

High-content waste-rubber-modified asphalt (HRMA) has high viscosity and poor storage stability. HRMA not only improves the properties of road asphalt, but also reduces the environmental pollution caused by waste tires. Enhancing the molecular interaction of waste rubber and asphalt is key to making full use of HRMA. In this paper, aromatic oil was used as the activator for waste rubber. The molecular interaction mechanism between aromatic oil and HRMA was investigated. The radial distribution function, diffusion coefficient, free volume, solubility parameter, and shear viscosity were calculated through molecular simulations. Storage stability, micromorphology, and adhesive force were measured via experiments. The adhesive force of HRMA−1 (4.9 nN) was lower than that of RMA (6.2 nN) and HRMA−2 (5.8 nN). The results show that aromatic oil can promote the dispersion of waste rubber, making the storage of asphalt systems stable. There exists a strong electrostatic force between rubber and asphaltenes and an intermolecular force between rubber and aromatic oil or aromatics, which makes the aromatic oil and aromatics of parcel rubber molecules and waste rubber highly soluble in asphalt. Molecular simulations confirmed the molecular interaction between rubber and aromatic oil, and aromatic oil was shown to reduce the viscosity of HRMA.
Electrifying Buses for Public Transport: Boundaries with a Performance Analysis Based on Method and Experience
Authors: Dalla Chiara Bruno , Pede Giovanni , Deflorio Francesco , Zanini Marco
Published: September 2023

It is widely expected that electric vehicles will be able to satisfy most road transport needs. The aim of this paper is to provide an answer to how far the electrification of buses used for local public transport can be pursuable through insight into the engineering problems and range, i.e., the autonomy on battery, as well as the efficiency of recharging systems. At first, a wide survey of the main solutions that are present on the market, or foreseen for the near future, concerning the electrification of fleets for LPT is provided. Thereafter, such solutions are compared through numerical applications and by using a practical case study, pertaining to the city of Turin (IT), where static inductive charging has been extensively experienced. Particular attention is paid to engineering problems and to the autonomy on battery of the vehicles as a function of their mass, electric energy storage system, charging opportunities and infrastructure, while comparing the time and efficiency of recharging systems. The authors conclude by recommending the most promising alternatives for battery electric buses while outlining their limits, striving to provide for the literature a research instrument, which is lacking, for delimitating the applicability of electric buses for LPT while outlining the viable solutions.
How to Promote a Destination’s Sustainable Development? The Influence of Service Encounters on Tourists’ Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions
Authors: Zhang Shu , Wareewanich Thitinant , Yue Xiao-Guang
Published: September 2023

Destination is an important carrier for tourism activities to be carried out, and tourists are the main body of tourism activities. Service encounters are a crucial component of tourists’ experiences and an important factor affecting tourists’ attitudes and behavioral intentions. This research used the SOR model as the theoretical basis to analyze the dimensions of service encounters and the impact of service encounters on tourists’ attitudes and behavioral intentions toward a destination in China. The research results indicate that service encounters have multidimensional attributes. In addition to interpersonal service encounters, the service environment of tourism enterprises and the public service environment of the destination are also important components of service encounters. At the same time, service encounters have an impact on tourists’ attitudes and behavioral intentions. The research findings have implications for destination managers in terms of improving service quality and promoting the sustainable development of destinations.
Mexico on Track to Protect 30% of Its Marine Area by 2030
Authors: Perera-Valderrama Susana , Rosique-de la Cruz Laura Olivia , Caballero-Aragón Hansel , Cerdeira-Estrada Sergio , Martell-Dubois Raúl , Ressl Rainer
Published: September 2023

Mexico has committed to protecting 30% of its marine territory by 2030 to comply with Target 3 of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, adopted during the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of meeting this commitment by determining the marine extent of conservation measures based on legally established Marine Protected Areas and areas that meet the criteria to be considered as Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) and determining the marine extent of areas proposed in various conservation planning exercises that can be created as any of the area-based instruments that exist in Mexico. The total coverage of existing and proposed areas was calculated by merging the dataset to remove duplicates and dissolving the boundaries between polygons to determine the total area. Spatial analysis was carried out in ArcGIS using geoprocessing tools. Currently, more than 25% of Mexico’s marine area is legally protected or conserved, with federal marine protected areas covering more than 22% of the Exclusive Economic Zone. The legally established areas that can be considered OECMs cover about 3% of the marine territory. We found that more than 9% of Mexico’s Economic Exclusive Zone contains areas of high conservation importance that are not covered by any area-based instrument. This study shows that Mexico has the potential to protect or conserve 32.8% of its marine territory by 2030.
Consumers’ Awareness of Fish Traceability and Sustainability: An Exploratory Study in Italy and Spain
Authors: Fiorile Giovanni , Puleo Sharon , Colonna Francesca , Mincione Simona , Masi Paolo , Herranz Solana Nuria , Di Monaco Rossella
Published: September 2023

Fish products are widely consumed in different European countries for their nutritional composition, such as their high protein content, omega-3 fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, and low carbohydrate content. Therefore, fishing provides important income and commercial opportunities in different Mediterranean coastal countries. As the increased consumption of fish products is leading to negative ecological impacts on marine flora and fauna, sustainability labels are increasingly emerging. Furthermore, to increase transparency in the fisheries sector and increase consumer confidence when purchasing, fish traceability is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the importance of fish traceability and the knowledge of some fish sustainability labels in two European coastal countries, Italy and Spain. The investigation was carried out through an online questionnaire filled out by 1913 consumers in Italy and Spain. The main results show that receiving traceability information was mainly important for the Italian population, while, although fish sustainability is increasingly important, respondents did not demonstrate that they frequently buy fish products with sustainability labels. The study also highlighted how the main characteristics of the respondents may influence their habits and perceptions regarding the issues.
Partnering for Climate Resilience: Exploring the Maturity of Private-Sector Efforts in the Great Lakes Region
Authors: Greenwood Lisa L. , Lin Vicki , Abraham Yewande S. , Schneider Jennifer L.
Published: September 2023

Communities and businesses continue to experience the effects of climate change as global temperatures rise and extreme weather events become more frequent. In the United States (US), the public sector has traditionally been responsible for mitigating these risks; however, engaging the private sector is crucial, given industrial impacts on and vulnerability to climate change. Private-sector mitigation and adaptation efforts are critical in the Great Lakes Region due to aging infrastructure as well as its economic, environmental, and political importance in the US and Canada. This study explores private-sector resilience efforts in three Great Lakes cities to identify opportunities and trends that could inform climate resilience strategies in the region. Climate-related commitments and actions of nine major firms in Toronto, Chicago, and Cleveland are evaluated in relation to seven climate resilience criteria on a five-level maturity scale from January to May 2022. The results indicate a moderate level of maturity, with efforts mainly at facility and community levels of engagement. Overall, this study suggests that major firms participate in climate resilience efforts, but to a limited extent, and may have varying priorities that affect the initiatives they pursue. This study could contribute to advancing climate resilience efforts in the public and private sectors from regional to global levels.
Analysis of Lake Shoreline Evolution Characteristics Based on Object Increments
Authors: Liang Ming , Li Jiao , Luo Rong , Li Yujie
Published: September 2023

Evolutionary changes in shallow lake shorelines can significantly impact wetland biodiversity transformation. This paper aims to further elucidate the wetland evolution process by investigating the temporal and spatial characteristics and rules governing lake shoreline evolution. Departing from traditional analyses of wetland area and shoreline length changes, this paper presents a comprehensive approach to quantifying typical lake shoreline evolution patterns using the concept of object increments. These evolutionary patterns are classified into four types: “expansion”, “shrinkage”, “appearance”, and “disappearance”. Using Shengjin Lake as a case study, Landsat images from 2001 to 2020 were used to extract the lake shoreline. The temporal series characteristics of different evolution patterns, the laws at the patch scale, and the characteristics of evolution direction were analyzed. The key findings are as follows. (1) The evolution of Shengjin Lake’s shoreline from 2001 to 2020 was primarily characterized by “expansion” or “shrinkage” patterns with a clear negative correlation between them. The “appearance” and “disappearance” of lake shorelines were rare. (2) The evolutionary patterns of “expansion” or “shrinkage” mainly occurred in smaller patches with a large number, while the “appearance” and “disappearance” of lake shorelines occurred mostly in larger patches with a small number, and there were no occurrences in certain years. (3) The “expansion” evolutionary pattern was more dominant in the northeast and east-by-northeast regions, while the “shrinkage” evolutionary pattern varied across the southwest and west-by-southwest regions. In conclusion, the analysis of shoreline evolution’s temporal and spatial characteristics, based on spatiotemporal object increments, can quantitatively elucidate the lake wetland evolution process and offers a novel perspective for future research on lake wetlands.
Current and Future Spatial Distribution of the Genus Cinchona in Peru: Opportunities for Conservation in the Face of Climate Change
Authors: Vergara Alex J. , Cieza-Tarrillo Dennis , Ocaña Candy , Quiñonez Lenin , Idrogo-Vasquez Guillermo , Muñoz-Astecker Lucas D. , Auquiñivin-Silva Erick A. , Cruzalegui Robert J. , Arbizu Carlos I.
Published: September 2023

The genus Cinchona belongs to the Rubiaceae family and comprises native Peruvian tree species distributed in tropical areas. It is currently endangered due to human disturbance and overexploitation for medicinal, forestry and food uses. To date, the current and future distribution of Cinchona spp. under the climate change scenario is unknown. Here, we modeled the present and future spatial distribution of the genus Cinchona using bioclimatic, edaphic and topographic variables using the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt). The results indicate that 8.08% (103,547.89 km2) and 6.02% (77,163.81 km2) of the surface of Peru possesses areas with high and moderate distribution probabilities, respectively, to host the genus Cinchona, distributed mainly in the departments of Cusco, Amazonas, San Martín and Cajamarca. Furthermore, according to future climate scenarios, the areas of high suitability will increase their extension for the years 2050 and 2070 by 3.65% and 3.9%, respectively. Since Peru seeks to promote the forest sector to be the other force for its development, this study can be considered as a basis for the establishment of priority zones for the conservation, restoration, reforestation and sustainable management of Cinchona spp. species in Peru.
A GIS Approach for Analysis of Traffic Accident Hotspots in Abha and Bisha Cities, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abuhasel Khaled Ali
Published: September 2023

Road traffic accidents present substantial global challenges, encompassing a wide range of consequences that have implications for the economy, public health, the environment, and society. The present study is focused on the phenomenon of rapid urbanization in Abha and Bisha, two cities located in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. These cities have witnessed a substantial growth in urbanization, with a notable increase of 225% over a span of 40 years. The expansion of urban areas has given rise to significant concerns regarding the density of the road infrastructure, which has been further exacerbated by an increase in the volume of vehicles. Consequently, this has led to a notable escalation in traffic-related issues and accidents. Analysis reveals that traffic accidents are concentrated in specific areas, with hotspots primarily located in the western regions of Abha and Bisha, while cold spots are concentrated in the northern areas. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation (r = 0.93) is observed between the number of traffic accidents and road type, with over half of the accidents occurring on highways. Notably, the highways in Abha and Bisha predominantly follow a direction from southwest to northeast at a 71.1° angle. In conclusion, this research offers significant findings regarding the prevalence and determinants of traffic accidents in Abha and Bisha, emphasizing the need for effective traffic management strategies to enhance road safety and mitigate the associated risks.
Navigating Emergencies: A Theoretical Model of Civic Engagement and Wellbeing during Emergencies
Authors: Blitstein-Mishor Efrat , Vigoda-Gadot Eran , Mizrahi Shlomo
Published: September 2023

The intensity and impact of emergencies on communities and societies are on the rise. They call for better preparedness, responses, and coping strategies by all those who are involved, especially citizens and the government. This paper introduces the concept of emergency-oriented civic engagement (EOCE), which includes citizens’ attitudes and behaviors aimed at influencing the community and government during emergencies. A theoretical framework and model that explore these complex relationships are presented. The paper first explains the differences between emergency-oriented civic engagement and civic engagement during peaceful times. Next, an exploration of a set of variables such as interpersonal trust, feelings of threat, the cost–benefit ratio, and trust in government that may influence emergency-oriented civic engagement is introduced. Finally, the model is illustrated in light of the COVID-19 pandemic that underscored the importance of solidarity and wellbeing among citizens during emergencies.
Combinatorial Effects of Glycine and Inorganic Nitrogen on Root Growth and Nitrogen Nutrition in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Wu Jiamin , Chen Siru , Ruan Yunze , Gao Wei
Published: September 2023

Organic and inorganic nitrogen play important roles in plant nitrogen nutrition. However, how the coapplication of organic and inorganic nitrogen affects root growth, plant nitrogen metabolism, and soil nitrogen content is still unclear. Plant shoot and root growth, nitrogen uptake and metabolism, and soil nitrogen content were studied in maize (Zea mays L.) through pot experiments with different nitrogen treatments, including NH4+ -N (Amm), NO3− -N (Nit), NH4+ -N + NO3− -N (Amm + Nit), NH4+ -N + NO3− -N + glutamate-N (Amm + Nit + Glu), and NH4+ -N + NO3− -N + glycine-N (Amm + Nit + Gly). The results show that the shoot nitrogen uptake of maize treated with Amm + Nit + Gly was the highest among all the nitrogen treatments. In addition, the coapplication of glycine and inorganic nitrogen increased glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in the maize leaves, promoted nitrogen metabolism levels, and was conducive to the accumulation of amino acids and soluble protein in leaves. Compared with inorganic nitrogen, glycine combined with inorganic nitrogen increased the total root length and root surface area. A correlation analysis showed that total root length and root surface area had a significant positive effect on nitrogen uptake. When ammonium, nitrate, and glycine were applied together, the content of inorganic nitrogen and total nitrogen in soil was higher than that for other inorganic nitrogen treatments. Therefore, we conclude that glycine combined with inorganic nitrogen can increase soil nitrogen content, promote maize root growth, and thus facilitate nitrogen uptake and metabolism.
Enhancing Overland Flow Infiltration through Sustainable Well-Managed Thinning: Contour-Aligned Felled Log Placement in a Chamaecyparis obtusa Plantation
Authors: Farahnak Moein , Tanaka Nobuaki , Sato Takanori , Nainar Anand , Gomyo Mie , Kuraji Koichiro , Suzaki Toko , Suzuki Haruhiko , Nakane Yoshimasa
Published: September 2023

Contour felling is a restoration method used to decrease overland flow (OF) and soil erosion in the world. However, the impact of thinning and the placement of felled logs on OF remains inconclusive. Low ground cover and soil permeability promote OF in Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold et Zucc.) Endl plantations, making thinning a method for reducing runoff. We examined the relationship between OF and ground cover in a C. obtusa plantation in Japan. Event-based runoff was monitored in three plots from 2016 to 2021, with 40% thinning conducted in 2019. In plot T1, logs were randomly scattered, and, in T2, logs followed contour lines, while control plots stayed the same. After thinning, both treatment plots showed lower OF than the control plot. The ANCOVA test shows a significant slope reduction in treatment plots compared to the control plot from pre-thinning to post-thinning (T1: 0.67 to 0.26, T2: 0.66 to 0.12, p < 0.001, Tukey HSD test). However, in plot T2, OF remained stable for two years post-thinning, affirming the enduring effectiveness of contour-aligned log placement. This study backs the notion that aligning fallen logs with contour lines boosts long-term OF infiltration, supporting sustainable forest and soil management.
An Empirical Study of New Rural Collective Economic Organization in Alleviating Relative Poverty among Farmers
Authors: Yi Shu , Huo Zenghui , Zhang Mei , Chen Fuqiao
Published: September 2023

In the context of achieving common prosperity, this article explores the implementation path of the new rural collective economic organization designed to alleviate relative poverty by improving the livelihood strategies of farmers from the perspectives of the development level, operational capability, and governance ability of collective economic organizations. The article provides empirical evidence for how the new rural collective economic organizations can optimize governance and connect with the livelihood strategies of farmers to alleviate relative poverty. The data in this article are from the “China Family Database” of Zhejiang University and the “China Family Finance Survey” of Southwest University of Finance and Economics in 2017. Based on theoretical hypotheses, the HLM model is used to empirically test the mechanism of the new rural collective economic organization in alleviating relative poverty among farmers. The results indicate that, from the perspective of the direct action path, the development level, operational capability, and governance ability of the new rural collective economic organization have a significant direct impact on alleviating relative poverty. In addition, from the perspective of cross-layer interaction paths, the development level of new rural collective economic organizations can significantly strengthen the role of family operational income in suppressing relative poverty. Operational and governance capabilities can significantly enhance the role of household transfer income in inhibiting relative poverty. Therefore, the new rural collective economic organizations should adapt to local conditions, vigorously develop advantageous industries that can provide more non-agricultural employment opportunities to increase the operational income of farmers, introduce highly educated managers, and establish a sound financial management system to ensure the expected benefits for farmers as well as increase their long-term benefits.
Design and Experiment of Header Height Adaptive Adjustment System for Maize (Zea mays L.) Harvester
Authors: Tan Hewen , Wang Gang , Zhou Shuhui , Jia Honglei , Qu Minghao , Xiang Meiqi , Gao Xiaomei , Zhou Zihao , Li Hailan , Zou Zhaobo
Published: September 2023

In Northeast China, the maize (Zea mays L.) harvester header height is still manually controlled, and the control precision is poor, which limits the quality of maize harvesting and is unfavorable to the long-term development of agricultural harvesting. This work created an adaptive adjustment method for header height to address this issue. A maize harvester header, an STM32 control unit and key module, a hydraulic adjustment mechanism, and a pressure-wheel profiling device comprise the majority of the system. In this scenario, the proposed pressure-wheel profiling device is mounted to the ridge’s surface and walks along it, delivering real-time data on terrain changes. The terrain change signals are received and processed in real time by the STM32 control unit, which subsequently operates the hydraulic adjustment mechanism to alter the header height. The structural dimensions and operational parameters of the essential components for pressure-wheel profiling device were determined using force analysis. A kinematic analysis of the hydraulic adjusting mechanism was performed, and the expression of the relationship between the displacement of hydraulic cylinder and the header height was obtained. The pressure-wheel profiling device was calibrated, the adaptive adjustment parameter model was constructed, and the PID control technique was employed to achieve automatic header height adjustment. This study analyzed the effects of harvester different forward speeds (1.25, 1.45, 1.65, 1.85, and 2.05 m/s) and different operating modes (open and unopened system) on the test indexes (Errors in the automatic adjustment of header height, Cob loss rate, Coefficient of variation in stubble height). The results revealed that, with the adaptive adjustment system mode on, the average difference between the measured actual header height and the predetermined height was 9.96 mm, the average coefficient of variation in stubble height was lowered by 34.44%, and the average cob loss rate was decreased by 7.98%, both of which may accommodate the needs of maize harvester header height adjustment. This study serves as a reference for the automated design of a maize harvester for monopoly crops.
Continuous Mapping of Covering Approximation Spaces and Topologies Induced by Arbitrary Covering Relations
Authors: Shang Xiao , Wang Pei , Wu Ronghuo , E Hanyu
Published: September 2023

In rough set theory, there are many covering approximation spaces, so how to classify covering approximation spaces has become a hot issue. In this paper, we propose the concepts of a covering approximation T1-space, F-symmetry, covering rough continuous mapping, and covering rough homeomorphism mapping, and we obtain some interesting results. We have used the above definitions and results to classify covering approximation spaces. Finally, we find a new method for constructing topologies, obtain some properties, and provide an example to illustrate our method’s similarities and differences with other construction methods.
Counting Polynomials in Chemistry: Past, Present, and Perspectives
Authors: Joița Dan-Marian , Tomescu Mihaela Aurelia , Jäntschi Lorentz
Published: September 2023

Counting polynomials find their way into chemical graph theory through quantum chemistry in two ways: as approximate solutions to the Schrödinger equation or by storing information in a mathematical form and trying to find a pattern in the roots of these expressions. Coefficients count how many times a property occurs, and exponents express the extent of the property. They help understand the origin of regularities in the chemistry of specific classes of compounds. Our objective is to accelerate the research of newcomers into chemical graph theory. One problem in understanding these concepts is in the different approaches and notations of each research study; some researchers provide online tools for computing these mathematical concepts, but these need to be maintained for functionality. We take advantage of similar mathematical aspects of 14 such polynomials that merge theoretical chemistry and pure mathematics; give examples, differences, and similarities; and relate them to recent research.
A Study on a Spacelike Line Trajectory in Lorentzian Locomotions
Authors: Almoneef Areej A. , Abdel-Baky Rashad A.
Published: September 2023

In this study, we establish a novel Lorentzian interpretation of the Euler–Savary (E−S) and Disteli (Dis) formulae. Subsequently, we proceed to establish a theoretical structure for a Lorentzian torsion line congruence which is the spatial symmetry of the Lorentzian circling-point dual curve, in accordance with the principles of the kinematic theory of spherical locomotions. Further, a timelike (Tlike) torsion line congruence is defined and its spatial equivalence is examined. The findings contribute to an enhanced comprehension of the interplay between axodes and Lorentzian spatial movements, which has possible significance in various disciplines, such as the fields of robotics and mechanical engineering.
Semi-RainGAN: A Semisupervised Coarse-to-Fine Guided Generative Adversarial Network for Mixture of Rain Removal
Authors: Yu Rongwei , Shu Ni , Zhang Peihao , Li Yizhan
Published: September 2023

Images taken in various real-world scenarios meet the symmetrical goal of simultaneously removing foreground rain-induced occlusions and restoring the background details. This inspires us to remember the principle of symmetry; real-world rain is a mixture of rain streaks and rainy haze and degrades the visual quality of the background. Current efforts formulate image rain streak removal and rainy haze removal as separate models, which disrupts the symmetrical characteristics of real-world rain and background, leading to significant performance degradation. To achieve this symmetrical balance, we propose a novel semisupervised coarse-to-fine guided generative adversarial network (Semi-RainGAN) for the mixture of rain removal. Beyond existing wisdom, Semi-RainGAN is a joint learning paradigm of the mixture of rain removal and attention and depth estimation. Additionally, it introduces a coarse-to-fine guidance mechanism that effectively fuses estimated image, attention, and depth features. This mechanism enables us to achieve symmetrically high-quality rain removal while preserving fine-grained details. To bridge the gap between synthetic and real-world rain, Semi-RainGAN makes full use of unpaired real-world rainy and clean images, enhancing its generalization to real-world scenarios. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world rain datasets demonstrate clear visual and numerical improvements of Semi-RainGAN over sixteen state-of-the-art models.
Analysis of Overpass Displacements Due to Subway Construction Land Subsidence Using Machine Learning
Authors: Shults Roman , Bilous Mykola , Ormambekova Azhar , Nurpeissova Toleuzhan , Khailak Andrii , Annenkov Andriy , Akhmetov Rustem
Published: September 2023

Modern cities are full of complex and substantial engineering structures that differ by their geometry, sizes, operating conditions, and technologies used in their construction. During the engineering structures’ life cycle, they experience the effects of construction, environmental, and functional loads. Among those structures are bridges and road overpasses. The primary reason for these structures’ displacements is land subsidence. The paper addresses a particular case of geospatial monitoring of a road overpass that is affected by external loads invoked by the construction of a new subway line. The study examines the methods of machine learning data analysis and prediction for geospatial monitoring data. The monitoring data were gathered in automatic mode using a robotic total station with a frequency of 30 min, and were averaged daily. Regression analysis and neural network regression with machine learning have been tested on geospatial monitoring data. Apart from the determined spatial displacements, additional parameters were used. These parameters were the position of the tunnel boring machines, precipitation level, temperature variation, and subsidence coefficient. The primary output of the study is a set of prediction models for displacements of the overpass, and the developed recommendations for correctly choosing the prediction model and a set of parameters and hyperparameters. The suggested models and recommendations should be considered an indispensable part of geotechnical monitoring for modern cities.
Mitigation and Resilience of Local Climatic Zones to the Effects of Extreme Heat: Study on the City of Barcelona (Spain)
Authors: Hidalgo García David , Arco Díaz Julián
Published: September 2023

Global warming is precipitating an amplification of severe meteorological occurrences such as prolonged dry spells and episodes of elevated temperatures. These phenomena are instigating substantial elevations in environmental warmth, with metropolitan regions bearing the brunt of these impacts. Currently, extreme heat is already impacting 30% of the global populace, and forecasts suggest that this figure will escalate to 74% in the forthcoming years. One of the objectives outlined in the United Nations 2030 agenda, specifically within Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG11), is the attainment of sustainable urban development. To achieve this, it is imperative to scrutinize and delve into urban environmental conditions in order to understand their dynamics comprehensively. This understanding serves as the foundation for implementing mitigation and resilience strategies against climate change, ultimately enhancing the well-being of city residents. In this context, the field of remote sensing and geographic information systems has made substantial advancements. Notably, the UrbClim model, developed by the European Space Agency, facilitates the assessment of environmental conditions within numerous European urban centers. This research, utilizing data from UrbClim, examines the evolution of the heat stress index (Hi) during extreme heat conditions in Barcelona during the summer of 2017. Leveraging Landsat 8 satellite imagery, we derived the following variables: the normalized difference vegetation index and the normalized building difference index. Our findings reveal that during extreme heat conditions, the Hi index experiences an escalation, with areas characterized by a higher population density and industrial zones displaying lower resistance in contrast to regions with a lower population density and rural areas, which exhibit greater resilience to Hi. This disparity can be attributed to higher vegetation coverage and reduced building density in the latter areas. In this way, Hi increases more quickly and intensely and decreases more slowly when using high temperatures compared to average temperatures. This is of utmost importance for the future planning of new urban developments.
PluriBAC: A Versatile Baculovirus-Based Modular System to Express Heterologous Genes in Different Biotechnological Platforms
Authors: Amorós Morales Leslie C. , Marchesini Abril , Gómez Bergna Santiago M. , García Fallit Matías , Tongiani Silvana E. , Vásquez Larisa , Ferrelli María Leticia , Videla-Richardson Guillermo A. , Candolfi Marianela , Romanowski Víctor , Pidre Matías L.
Published: September 2023

Baculoviruses are insect-specific pathogens widely used in biotechnology. In particular, the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) has been exploited as a platform for bio-inputs production. This is why the improvement of the technologies used for the production of recombinant baculoviruses takes on particular relevance. To achieve this goal, we developed a highly versatile baculoviral transfer vector generation system called PluriBAC. The PluriBAC system consists of three insert entry levels using Golden Gate assembly technology. The wide availability of vectors and sticky ends allows enough versatility to combine more than four different promoters, genes of interest, and terminator sequences. Here, we report not only the rational design of the PluriBAC system but also its use for the generation of baculoviral reporter vectors applied to different fields of biotechnology. We demonstrated that recombinant AcMNPV baculoviruses generated with the PluriBAC system were capable of infecting Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. On the other hand, we found that the recombinant budded virions (BV) generated using our system were capable of transducing different types of tumor and normal cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that the PluriBAC system could constitute a versatile tool for the generation of insecticide and gene therapy vectors.
Hybrid Immunity Results in Enhanced and More Sustained Antibody Responses after the Second Sinovac-CoronaVac Dose in a Brazilian Cohort: DETECTCoV-19 Cohort
Authors: Salgado Bárbara Batista , Barbosa Aguyda Rayany Cavalcante , Arcanjo Ana Ruth , de Castro Daniel Barros , Ramos Tatyana Costa Amorim , Naveca Felipe , Altmann Daniel M. , Boyton Rosemary J. , Lalwani Jaila Dias Borges , Lalwani Pritesh
Published: September 2023

We measured anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses before and after CoronaVac (inactivated) vaccination in a case–control study performed in CoronaVac-immunized individuals participating in a longitudinal prospective study of adults in Manaus (DETECTCoV-19). Antibody responses were measured by standard serological immunoassays. Peak anti-S-RBD and neutralizing RBD-ACE2 blocking antibody responses after two doses of CoronaVac vaccine were similar in vaccine breakthrough cases (n = 9) and matched controls (n = 45). Individuals with hybrid immunity resulting from prior SARS-CoV-2 infection followed by vaccination (n = 22) had elevated levels of anti-N, anti-S-RBD and RBD-ACE2 blocking antibodies after the second vaccine dose compared to infection-naïve individuals (n = 48). Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses rapidly waned in infection-naïve individuals. Antibody responses wane after vaccination, making individuals susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV-2 variants. These findings support the need for booster doses after primary vaccination. Population antibody serosurveys provide critical information toward implementing optimal timing of booster doses.
Three Distinct Reporter Systems of Hepatitis E Virus and Their Utility as Drug Screening Platforms
Authors: Primadharsini Putu Prathiwi , Nagashima Shigeo , Nishiyama Takashi , Okamoto Hiroaki
Published: September 2023

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is increasingly acknowledged as the primary cause of acute hepatitis. While most HEV infections are self-limiting, cases of chronic infection and fulminant hepatitis necessitate the administration of anti-HEV medications. However, there is a lack of specific antiviral drugs designed for HEV, and the currently available drug (ribavirin) has been associated with significant adverse effects. The development of innovative antiviral drugs involves targeting distinct steps within the viral life cycle: the early step (attachment and internalization), middle step (translation and RNA replication), and late step (virus particle formation and virion release). We recently established three HEV reporter systems, each covering one or two of these steps. Using these reporter systems, we identified various potential drug candidates that target different steps of the HEV life cycle. Through rigorous in vitro testing using our robust cell culture system with the genotype 3 HEV strain (JE03-1760F/P10), we confirmed the efficacy of these drugs, when used alone or in combination with existing anti-HEV drugs. This underscores their significance in the quest for an effective anti-HEV treatment. In the present review, we discuss the development of the three reporter systems, their applications in drug screening, and their potential to advance our understanding of the incompletely elucidated HEV life cycle.
Multivariate Analysis of Adverse Reactions and Recipient Profiles in COVID-19 Booster Vaccinations: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Urakawa Ryuta , Isomura Emiko Tanaka , Matsunaga Kazuhide , Kubota Kazumi
Published: September 2023

Background: This study investigated the impact of vaccinated population profiles, vaccine type/interval, and the number of vaccine doses on adverse reactions to receiving a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster vaccination. Methods: A survey of adverse reactions was conducted from January 2022 to December 2022 among Osaka University Dental Hospital employees who received their third or fourth doses. The study included 194 third-dose recipients and 131 fourth-dose recipients. Comparisons of the occurrence of adverse reactions between the third- and fourth-dose groups were analyzed via a chi-squared test. The relationships between each adverse reaction occurrence and recipient profiles, vaccine type/interval, and the number of vaccine doses were analyzed via a logistic regression analysis. Results: No significant differences were found in the occurrence of adverse reactions between the third and fourth doses. Younger recipients often developed injection site reaction, fatigue, chills, fever, arthralgia, headache, diarrhea, and any adverse reactions more often. Females had higher frequencies of fatigue, chills, headache, and nausea compared to males. Recipients without underlying diseases had higher frequencies of fever and nausea than those with underlying diseases. Conclusions: Younger recipients and females were at higher risk for adverse reactions to a COVID-19 booster vaccination, while the number of vaccinations, vaccination interval, vaccine type, and cross-vaccination showed no significant associations.
Predictors for Uptake of Vaccines Offered during the Second Year of Life: Second Dose of Measles-Containing Vaccine and Meningococcal Serogroup A-Containing Vaccine, Ghana, 2020
Authors: Muhoza Pierre , Shah Monica P. , Gao Hongjiang , Amponsa-Achiano Kwame , Quaye Pamela , Opare William , Okae Charlotte , Aboyinga Philip-Neri , Opare Kwadwo L. , Wardle Melissa T. , Wallace Aaron S.
Published: September 2023

Background: Understanding the drivers of coverage for vaccines offered in the second year of life (2YL) is a critical focus area for Ghana’s life course approach to vaccination. This study characterizes the predictors of vaccine receipt for 2YL vaccines—meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine (MACV) and the second dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV2)—in Ghana. Methods: 1522 children aged 18–35 months were randomly sampled through household surveys in the Greater Accra Region (GAR), Northern Region (NR), and Volta Region (VR). The association between predictors and vaccination status was modeled using logistic regression with backwards elimination procedures. Predictors included child, caregiver, and household characteristics. Results: Coverage was high for infant vaccines (>85%) but lower for 2YL vaccines (ranging from 60.2% for MACV in GAR to 82.8% for MCV2 in VR). Predictors of vaccination status varied by region. Generally, older, first-born children, those living in rural settlements and those who received their recommended infant vaccines by their first birthday were the most likely to have received 2YL vaccines. Uptake was higher among those with older mothers and children whose caregivers were aware of the vaccination schedule. Conclusions: Improving infant immunization uptake through increased community awareness and targeted strategies, such as parental reminders about vaccination visits, may improve 2YL vaccination coverage.
A Mathematical Model to Study the Potential Hepatitis B Virus Infections and Effects of Vaccination Strategies in China
Authors: Xu Chuanqing , Wang Yu , Cheng Kedeng , Yang Xin , Wang Xiaojing , Guo Songbai , Liu Maoxing , Liu Xiaoling
Published: September 2023

Motivations: Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Approximately 390,000 people in China die from HBV-related diseases each year. Around 86 million individuals suffer from infections of the hepatitis B virus, accounting for about 6% of the total population in the region. There are approximately 30 million chronic infections. From 2002 to 2007, China’s government took part in “The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI)” initiative, which helped reduce cases of chronic HBV infections among children. However, incidences of hepatitis B remain persistently high in China. Accurately estimating the number of potential HBV infections is crucial for preventing and controlling the transmission of the hepatitis B virus. Up until now, there were no studies of potentially infectious hepatitis B virus infections. Methods: this study was based on data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China from 2003 to 2021; a dynamic model was built, which included a compartment for potentially infectious hepatitis B virus infections. The parameters in the model were fitted using a combination of nonlinear least-squares and genetic algorithm methods. Results: the calculated reproduction number for hepatitis B virus transmission within the population is Rc = 1.741. Considering the existing vaccine inefficiency rate of 0.1, the model estimates there are 449,535 (95%CI [415,651, 483,420]) potentially infectious hepatitis B virus infections, constituting 30.49% of total hepatitis B cases. Date fitting using MATLAB reveals that increasing the rate of hepatitis B vaccinations can effectively reduce the number of infections. Conclusions: the results reveal that the number of potential infectious hepatitis B virus infections is so high that the number of hepatitis B patients persistently rises in China. To better control the transmission of the hepatitis B virus, an optional prevention and control strategy is needed to increase the vaccination of different age groups, and it is necessary to help the public correctly understand the transmission of hepatitis B and ensure adequate protection.
Morphometrics, Growth and Condition of the Invasive Bivalve Rangia cuneata during Colonisation of the Oder Estuary (North-Western Poland)
Authors: Dąbrowski Jarosław , Czerniejewski Przemysław , Brysiewicz Adam , Więcaszek Beata
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the biological, morphometric, and shape characteristics of the bivalve Rangia cuneata in the initial phase of colonisation. A total of 504 specimens were caught for the study. Their average length was 31.06 mm (range 12.7–43.2 mm) and weight 6.0 g (0.5–15.3 g). The population was dominated by individuals of 25–30 mm and 30–35 mm in length and the age of 3+ and 4+. The standard major axis regression for measurable traits describing shell cross-section indicate the allometric nature of growth for most parameters. Elongation and convexity indices by age group indicate a change in the shell shape as it becomes more elongated and convex in individuals that have already reached sexual maturity. The collected specimens were of larger sizes compared to other Baltic populations of the species, and similar in size to populations found in the neighboring Pomeranian Bay. The increase in length of R. cuneata in the Oder estuary is smaller compared to the species native sites, probably due to the lower water temperature in the study area. Considering the invasive potential of R. cuneata, it seems necessary to monitor closely its population and distribution in the estuary of Western Baltic.