bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Root Endophytic Fungi: Research Update
Authors: Chadha Neha , Mishra Manjita , Prasad Ram , Varma Ajit
Published: July 2014

Fungal endophytes are group of microorganisms that reside asymptomatically within the healthy living tissue. Root endophytic fungi like dark septate endophytes (DSE), Piriformospora indica, and Trichoderma show mutualistic association with many plant species. The endophytes are known to produce a diverse group of secondary metabolites, extracellular enzymes, antibiotics, antifungal, anticancer agents that can be used as therapeutic drugs, agrochemicals or in industries. Plants associated with fungal endophytes play an important role in the survival of plants in extreme stressed condition. This review focuses on the functions of fungal root endophytes, their relationship with host plant, tolerance to abiotic stress and secondary metabolites production against various pathogens.
Disciplinarite et construction interdisciplinaire du savoir sur lenvironnement
Authors: DELEAGE Edith
Published: July 2014

A disciplinaridade, intedisciplinaridade e meio ambiente são aqui tratados a partir de uma abordagem herdada da filosofia ocidental. O texto encontra-se organizado a partir de questões relativas à mudanças de civilização, à atitudes a tomar diante de tais mudanças, à necessidade da abordagem interdisciplinar na construção do saber ambiental, à emergência da crise ambiental no presente, etc. A analise da Modernidade encontra-se presente ao longo de toda a reflexão elaborada. Résumé Disciplinarité, intedisciplinaridade et environnement ici sont traités à partir dune approche hérité de la philosophie occidentale. Le texte se trouve organisé à partir de questions concernant aux changements de civilisation, aux attitudes à deprendre en avant de tels changements, à la nécessité de lapproche interdisciplinaire dans la construction du savoir environnemental, lurgence de la crise environnementale dans le present, etc. Lanalyse de la Modernité se trouve présente au long de toute la réflexion élaborée. Disciplinarite Disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity construction of the knowledge about environment Abstract The disciplinaridade, intedisciplinaridade and environment here are dealt with from an inherited boarding the occidental philosophy. The text was organized from relative questions to the changes of civilization, the attitudes to take ahead by such changes, to the necessity of the boarding to interdisciplinar in the construction of environment knowing, to the emergency of the contemporary environmental crisis, etc. The analyzes of the Modernity is showm in all the text.
Environnement et ruralité: enjeux et paradoxes
Authors: BILLAUD Jean-Paul
Published: July 2014

Os problemas ambientais são aqui analisados a partir da abordagem da ruralidade na perspectiva das ciências sociais. Três processos da ação política e coletiva são evocados: a construção de um espaço de sentido comum, a aplicação de conhecimentos diversos na normatização das atividades e a emergência de novos territórios do meio ambiente. O texto apresenta uma análise das sociedades rurais nos últimos trinta anos, evidenciando desafios e paradoxos marcantes no âmbito da modernidade. Rural and the environment: word matters and paradoxes Abstract Environmental problems are analyzed here from a rural approach under the social sciences perspective. Three political and collective action processes are addressed: the construction of a common sense space; the application of various kinds of knowledge in standardizing activities; and the emergence of new environmental territories. The text presents an analysis of rural societies in the past thirty years, highlighting striking challenges and paradoxes in the context of modernity.
Intersubjetividad, memoria y reconocimiento. Perspectivas interculturales de la ética y del medioambiente
Authors: Astrain Ricardo Salas
Published: July 2014

Neste texto, queremos aprofundar alguns resultados desde uma perspectiva intercultural do meio ambiente, no âmbito de uma história da negação das visões e práticas pertencentes às comunidades de vida. Focaremos o tema do meio ambiente e da ética a partir de alguns aspectos derivados da filosofia de Levinas. Nossa hipótese se inspira na ideia levinasiana de que é necessário assumir resolutamente a ideia da distância e da impossibilidade da globalidade de um pelo outro, ou de um caminho da simples correspondência, pelo ideal do absolutismo do outro, o que implica que na análise do território e dos problemas ambientais é necessário reconhecer que a implantação de um modelo econômico hegemônico impede a emergência de outras subjetividades desinteressadas pelo poder, pelo lucro ou simplesmente pela ação estratégica. Este novo modo de enfrentar a análise intercultural do território nos parece que é fecundo, uma vez que demonstra que o uso das categorias levinasianas do Outro facilita repensar uma fenomenologia do inter-humano, relativa à resistência dos seres humanos e das culturas em oposição ao predomínio do Mesmo.
Zonas de Amortecimento em Unidades de Conservação: levantamento legal e comparativo das normas nos Estados de Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo
Authors: Costa Daniela Rocha Teixeira Riondet , Botezelli Luciana , Silva Bruna Gonçalves , Farias Oscar Luis Monteiro de
Published: July 2014

As Unidades de Conservação (UCs) constituem uma das categorias de áreas protegidas, criadas por lei, com a finalidade de manutenção da biodiversidade. Apesar de o interior destas áreas ser regido por algumas normas conservativas, seu entorno está sujeito às alterações dos ecossistemas, uma vez que considerável parcela destas encontra-se em regiões antropizadas. Visando reduzir, ou mesmo neutralizar, os impactos deste efeito de borda, foram criadas as Zonas de Amortecimento (ZAs), que possuem normas de uso e ocupação por vezes restritivas. Sendo assim, esse trabalho objetivou realizar um levantamento quantitativo das normas federais e estaduais de Minas Gerais (MG), Rio de Janeiro (RJ) e São Paulo (SP) referentes às ZAs de UCs. Os objetivos específicos foram: (i) comparar tais Estados quanto ao número de normas e possível proteção conferida por elas e (ii) fazer uma análise crítica da disponibilidade destas normas nos sites dos órgãos e facilidade de acesso às mesmas. Para isso, efetuou-se um levantamento documental das normas legais federais e dos Estados de Minas Gerais (MG), Rio de Janeiro (RJ) e São Paulo (SP), com foco em ZAs, gerando três tabelas que foram comparadas. O resultado encontrado mostra a diferença no número de normas em cada Estado e a dificuldade de acesso aos dados via mecanismos de busca nos sites, bem como a vertente mais ou menos protecionista, avaliada teoricamente pelo número de normas e seus conteúdos vigentes em cada Estado. Concluiu-se que os Estados de MG e SP têm considerável preocupação com a preservação de arredores das Unidades de Conservação sob sua tutela, o que não se verificou explicitamente, em quantidade ou conteúdo, nas normas legais do RJ que abordam o assunto.
A guerra dos pneus: a controvérsia entre Brasil e Comunidades Europeias sobre o comércio internacional de pneus usados
Authors: Luz Lília , Durante Daniel
Published: July 2014

A Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC) possui em sua estrutura um órgão para dirimir conflitos relativos à manutenção do livre-comércio, que é o Órgão de Solução de Controvérsias (OSC). Neste trabalho, analisa-se o contencioso “Brasil – Medidas que afetam a importação de pneumáticos reformados”, veiculado na imprensa brasileira sob o epíteto “A guerra dos pneus”, ocorrido entre os anos de 2005 e 2007 junto ao aludido órgão. Trata da imposição, por parte do Brasil, de medidas restritivas à entrada de pneus usados ou reformados. A proibição não se estendia aos países do MERCOSUL em virtude de uma decisão do Tribunal Arbitral deste bloco econômico, que obrigou o Brasil a permitir a entrada de pneus usados ou reformados destes países. O Brasil alegou que tal medida se adequava ao permitido pelo Artigo XX do Acordo Geral de Tarifas e Comércio (GATT), mas as Comunidades Europeias (CE) entenderam se tratar de medida restritiva ao comércio de cunho meramente protecionista. Objetiva-se investigar as motivações ambientais e comerciais de tal medida. Observou-se que o Brasil realmente possuía motivos ambientais para a imposição das medidas e que as CE objetivavam utilizar aquele país como receptor de seus resíduos de pneus, os quais, por força de rígida legislação interna europeia, não poderiam mais ser descartados em seus aterros sanitários.
Avaliação dos stakeholders em relação às mudanças na legislação ambiental e reforma do Código Florestal Brasileiro
Authors: De Almeida Oriana Trindade , Castelo Thiago Bandeira , Rivero Sérgio Luiz De Medeiros
Published: July 2014

O setor florestal tem sofrido grande impacto com mudanças nas leis que regem as atividades florestais nacionais e estaduais, a exemplo da Lei nº 11.284/2006, de gestão de florestas públicas, e a atual discussão sobre a mudança no principal instrumento da legislação florestal (o Código Florestal). A reforma do Código Florestal (PL nº 1.876/99) gerou grandes polêmicas entre aqueles que são a favor ou contra sua reforma nas diversas camadas da sociedade brasileira, com destaque para ambientalistas e agropecuaristas que defendem posicionamentos divergentes sobre os rumos da política florestal nacional. Para verificar esta hipótese, foram realizadas entrevistas abertas com técnicos e pesquisadores que trabalham direta ou indiretamente com ensino, pesquisa e gestão das áreas de florestais em nível estadual a fim de determinar quais os problemas da legislação ambiental, com destaque para a legislação florestal vigente, e propor melhorias para o setor florestal na região Amazônica. Os dados obtidos mostraram que não há consenso sobre as mudanças na legislação florestal. Os pesquisadores e técnicos acham inadequadas as propostas de reforma do Código Florestal e o processo de descentralização da gestão florestal para o Estado do Pará precisa de adequações, como desburocratização das ações administrativas e aplicabilidade das leis pelos órgãos competentes.
Degradação socioambiental urbana, políticas públicas e cidadania
Authors: De LIMA Myrian Del Vecchio , RONCAGLIO Cynthia
Published: July 2014

Resultado de reflexões desenvolvidas no exercício de diferentes disciplinas, este artigo aponta alguns aspectos que norteiam a atual discussão sobre a degradação socioambiental urbana. Trata-se aqui, especialmente, de discutir a noção de degradação, a evolução da questão ambiental e o conseqüente desenvolvimento de políticas públicas voltadas para a solução dos problemas socioambientais urbanos e vinculadas ao exercício da cidadania, bem como à necessidade de se buscar uma visão complexa da realidade urbana, a partir de um (re)conhecimento da interação entre sociedade e natureza. Urban socioenvironmental degradation, public policies an citizenship Abstract As a result from an interdisciplinary reflection, the present article deals with some aspects which direct the issue of urban socioenvironment degradation. The article focus on the notion of degradation, the evolution of the environment issue and the development of public policies which aim at the solution of urban socioenvironment problems, linked to citizenship activities, as well as at searching a complex view of the urban reality, through the (re)cognition of the interactionof society and nature.
Abordagem interdisciplinar da problemática ambiental urbano-metropolitana: esboço metodológico da experiência do doutorado em MA&D da UFPR sobre a RMC - Região Metropolitana de Curitiba
Authors: MENDONÇA Francisco
Published: July 2014

A cidade constitui-se num considerável desafio aos estudiosos do ambiente urbano, principalmente quando se trata de ambiente urbano-metropolitano. Abordá-la numa perspectiva interdisciplinar tendo os problemas ambientais como cerne das preocupações, impõe o exercício conjunto de diversos campos disciplinares. A metodologia de trabalho interdisciplinar, embasada num suporte teórico aliado a uma perspectiva empírica, tendo como objeto de estudo a cidade de Curitiba e a região metropolitana de Curitiba, foi uma rica experiência de estudo interdisciplinar de problemáticas ambientais urbano-metropolitanas levada a cabo no âmbito do Curso de Doutorado em Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento da UFPR, entre 1996 e 2000, cujo processo de elaboração e prática é objeto deste artigo. Indisciplinary approach of the urban-metropolitan environmental problematic: methodological scketch of the UFPR MA & D doctors program about RMC - Curitibas Metropolitan Region Abstract The city consists in a considerable challenge to the urban environment studious, principally when it repports to the urban-metropolitan environment. To approach this subject in a interdisciplinary perspective, the environmental problems in the center of interests, imposes the joint exercise of different disciplines. An interdisciplinary works methodology based on theoretical support and an empirical perspective wich Curitiba city and its metropolitan region was the object study, was created and experimented by the Environment and Development Doctors Program of UFPR from 1996 to 2000. That experience is the subject to this paper.
Regulación de uso del suelo urbano: discusión sobre el caso de Curitiba
Authors: MOURA Rosa
Published: July 2014

O processo de construção e aprovação do novo conjunto de leis relativas ao zoneamento de uso e ocupação do solo em Curitiba oferece elementos para uma análise dos conflitos de interesses que regem a constituição de um arcabouço legal e da luta simbólica que traduz na elaboração de um discurso que não se realiza nos termos da lei, mas que se cristaliza no imaginário dos citadinos. Tentando analisar esse processo e identificar dispositivos passíveis de serem generalizados como eficazes no controle de ocupação e uso do solo de outras cidades-modelo, na busca do protagonismo nos movimentos de inserção na reestruturação econômica internacional, este texto examina e sumariza observações quanto: ao apoio da lei no reforço à modelização urbana de Curitiba; à ausência de mecanismos e instrumentos que contemplem suas relações com o espaço metropolitano; aos efeitos socioambientais decorrentes da aplicação da lei; às questões referentes à constitucionalidade e à observação de princípios democráticos; às disposições referentes à ampliação da atratividade ao capital internacional; a sua abertura à participação da sociedade civil e à legitimidade de seus resultados. Urban land use regulation: discussion about the Curitibas case Abstract In 1999, a new land use law was approved in Curitiba. Its construction and approval process offers elements to discuss the meaning of a legal frame in the reinforcement of a hegemonic power around a metropolitan space, and the creation of conditions to attract the international capital, mainly from the real estate market. Trying to analyse this process, identifying elements possible to be generalised in the land use regulation of protagonists cities, this study examines and summarises observations on the topics: law for highlight the city-model; the lack of metropolitan instruments; conflicts between Instruments and particular interests; urban and social effects; constitutionality and observation of democratic principles. Finalising, the study intends to discuss that the dispositions included in the law and its illegitimate participation procedures have resulted in a refusing among society segments.
Del determinismo de la duración a la apertura del instante: propuestas ante el pensamiento ambiental evolucionista
Authors: De LISIO Antonio
Published: July 2014

En este trabajo se intenta plantear alternativas ante la lógica de la duración evolutiva como marco temporal predominante en la convencionalidad ambientalista. Frente a la racionalidad evolutiva que obliga al determinismo de la causa original bien cósmica o bien planetaria, se plantea axiomáticamente el alcance de una lógica alternativa de los instantes epistemológicos, propiciada por la interpretación policéntrica del ambiente. En función del planteamiento de esta apertura de base frente al determinismo de lo primigenio, se derivan otras dos propuestas más operativas vinculadas al abordaje autoreferencial del espacio-tiempo de las organizaciones ambientales en el marco de la termodinámica no lineal o de los sistemas abiertos alejados del equilibrio. Finalmente se plantean algunas repercusiones epistemológicas de las propuestas desarrolladas, tratando especialmente de superar algunas visiones simplificadoras del discurso retórico ambientalista. From determining the moment duration to instant starting point: propositions for evolutionary environmentalist viewpoints Abstract In this paper, some alternatives are suggested while dealing with the logic of an evolutionary duration as a predominant timing in the environmentalist convention. Due to the fact that people are facing an evolutionary rationality which demands determinism to the cosmical original or planetary cause ,all are expected to deal with an alternative logic to epistomological moments It is propelled by a policentric interpretation of the moment. From this approach concerning the basic opening while facing the originary determininsm, two proposals are offered and related to self-reference of environmentalist organizations timing and space which refer to non-linear or thermodynamic or to open systems which are not balanced. Finally, some epístemological repercussions of the developed proposals are approached in order to find a way to overcome some simplistic views of the environmentalist rethorical speech.
Atores não-estatais e meio ambiente nas relações internacionais: Greenpeace e a Antártica
Authors: VILLA Rafael A. Duarte
Published: July 2014

O artigo analisa a crescente importância que vem tomando nas relações internacionais os atores nãoestatais transnacionais. Especificamente, o autor explora o caso dos atores ecológicos através de um estudo de caso: a ação do grupo Greenpeace na Antártica na década de 80. A hipótese central da pesquisa é que os atores não-estatais transnacionais, a exemplo dos grupos ecológicos, revisam a noção do enfoque realista da política internacional segundo a qual o monopólio das relações internacionais pertence ao Estado nacional. Congruente com tal hipótese, a emergência do ator não-estatal ecológico vai no sentido de questionar essa noção e abrir espaço para o surgimento de um sistema internacional plural quanto a seus atores e sua agenda de questões. A conclusão aponta para um envolvimento cada vez mais crescente, no nível internacional e nacional, desse tipo de ator não-estatal em arenas diferenciadas da dimensão estratégico-militar. Este estudo foi feito com base na interação desse grupo ecológico com o sistema de estados reunidos em torno do Tratado Antártico. Actors who not pertain to the state, and dealing with environmental issues in international relations: Greenpeace and the Antarctic Abstract This article analyses the growing importance transnational, non-statal actors has taken in international relationships. Specifically, the author explores the case of environmental actors discussing a case study: Greenpeaces action in Antarctic, during the 1980s. The main hypothesis states that transnational, non-statal actors, just like environmental groups, forces a reviewing of the realistic approach to the theory of international relationships, according to whom the monopoly of those international relationships belongs to the national State. According to that hypothesis, the emergence of transnational, non-statal actors defies the realistic notion, and opens space for an international system that is plural for its actors and agenda. The conclusion sets for a growing commitment, at national and international levels, for that kind of non-statal actor, in an arena different from the stractegic-military one. So, this study has been made considering the interaction of Greenpeace and the State system organized to the Antarctic Treaty.
Processos de interação social do setor elétrico brasileiro e da legislação ambiental: entre o mundo sistêmico e as racionalidades do mundo da vida
Authors: WUNDER Roni
Published: July 2014

O artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o Setor Elétrico brasileiro e a legislação ambiental no Brasil com relação ao estabelecimento e funcionamento de processos de interação social quando do planejamento, da discussão e da implementação de projetos de desenvolvimento. É feita uma avaliação sobre o contexto institucional do Setor Elétrico brasileiro na década de 1990, quando se permitiu a entrada do capital privado no Setor, e da legislação ambiental no tocante aos mecanismos previstos em lei para a participação da população no processo de licenciamento ambiental. Para refletir sobre o tema, utilizaram-se principalmente conceitos teóricos de Habermas e Touraine, que abordam a questão da racionalidade técnica instrumental, o mundo da vida, mundo sistêmico e o processo de formação do indivíduo (subjetivação). Processes of social interaction of Brazilian electrical sector and Environmental legislation: between the systemic world and rationalitis of a life`s world Abstract The article proposes a reflection about Brazilian Electric Sector and the environmental laws in Brazil with regard to establishment of social interaction process during the planning, the debate and the implementation of development projects. It presents an assessment of the Brazilian Electric Sector institutional context in the nineties, time when the participation of the private capital in the Sector was allowed. The article also presents an assessment of the environmental laws, mainly of the public participation when the Sector projects are debated. To deal with this theme, the author uses the concepts developmented by Habermas and Touraine, like instrumental action, lifeworld, system, communicative action and the construction individual process.
Alteration of Naïve and Memory B-Cell Subset in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Patients After Treatment With Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Peng Yanwen , Chen Xiaoyong , Liu Qifa , Xu Dijing , Zheng Haiqing , Liu Longshan , Liu Qiuli , Liu Muyun , Fan Zhiping , Sun Jing , Li Xiaobo , Zou Ruifeng , Xiang Andy Peng
Published: July 2014

Although mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties and exhibit promising efficacy against chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), little is known about the immune changes by which MSCs ameliorate cGVHD in vivo. Recent studies have suggested that B lymphocytes might play an important role in the pathogenesis of cGVHD. In this study, we investigated changes in the numbers, phenotypes, and subpopulations of B lymphocytes in cGVHD patients who showed a complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or no response (NR) after MSC treatment. We found that the frequencies and numbers of CD27+ memory and pre-germinal center B lymphocytes were significantly increased in the CR and PR cGVHD patients after MSC treatment but decreased in the NR patients. A further analysis of CR/PR cGVHD patients showed that MSC treatment led to a decrease in the plasma levels of B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and increased expression of the BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) on peripheral B lymphocytes but no changes in plasma BAFF levels or BAFF-R expression on B lymphocytes in NR patients. Overall, our findings imply that MSCs might exert therapeutic effects in cGVHD patients, accompanied by alteration of naïve and memory B-cell subsets, modulating plasma BAFF levels and BAFF-R expression on B lymphocytes.
Laminin-111 Improves Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Quantity and Function Following Eccentric Exercise
Authors: Zou Kai , De Lisio Michael , Huntsman Heather D. , Pincu Yair , Mahmassani Ziad , Miller Matthew , Olatunbosun Dami , Jensen Tor , Boppart Marni D.
Published: July 2014

Laminin-111 (α1, β1, γ1; LM-111) is an important component of the extracellular matrix that is required for formation of skeletal muscle during embryonic development. Recent studies suggest that LM-111 supplementation can enhance satellite cell proliferation and muscle function in mouse models of muscular dystrophy. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which LM-111 can alter satellite and nonsatellite stem cell quantity following eccentric exercise-induced damage in young adult, healthy mice. One week following injection of LM-111 or saline, mice either remained sedentary or were subjected to a single bout of downhill running (EX). While one muscle was preserved for evaluation of satellite cell number, the other muscle was processed for isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs; Sca-1+CD45−) via FACS at 24 hours postexercise. Satellite cell number was approximately twofold higher in LM-111/EX compared with all other groups (p < .05), and the number of satellite cells expressing the proliferation marker Ki67 was 50% to threefold higher in LM-111/EX compared with all other groups (p < .05). LM-111 also increased the quantity of embryonic myosin heavy chain-positive (eMHC+) fibers in young mice after eccentric exercise (p < .05). Although MSC percentage and number were not altered, MSC proinflammatory gene expression was decreased, and hepatocyte growth factor gene expression was increased in the presence of LM-111 (p < .05). Together, these data suggest that LM-111 supplementation provides a viable solution for increasing skeletal muscle stem cell number and/or function, ultimately allowing for improvements in the regenerative response to eccentric exercise.
Concise Review: Injectable Biomaterials for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction and Peripheral Artery Disease: Translational Challenges and Progress
Authors: Ungerleider Jessica L. , Christman Karen L.
Published: July 2014

Recently, injectable biomaterial-based therapies for cardiovascular disease have been gaining attention, because they have shown therapeutic potential in preclinical models for myocardial infarction (MI) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Naturally derived (e.g., alginate, hyaluronic acid, collagen, or extracellular matrix-based) or synthetic (e.g., peptide or polymer-based) materials can enhance stem cell survival and retention in vivo, prolong growth factor release from bulk hydrogel or particle constructs, and even stimulate endogenous tissue regeneration as a standalone therapy. Although there are many promising preclinical examples, the therapeutic potential of biomaterial-based products for cardiovascular disease has yet to be proved on a clinical and commercial scale. This review aims to briefly summarize the latest preclinical and clinical studies on injectable biomaterial therapies for MI and PAD. Furthermore, our overall goal is to highlight the major challenges facing translation of these therapies to the clinic (e.g., regulatory, manufacturing, and delivery), with the purpose of increasing awareness of the barriers for translating novel biomaterial therapies for MI and PAD and facilitating more rapid translation of new biomaterial technologies.
L’approche inductive : cinq facteurs propices à son émergence
Authors: d’Arripe Agnès , Oboeuf Alexandre , Routier Cédric
Published: July 2014

Cet article montre pourquoi nous avons fait le choix d’une approche inductive dans une recherche interdisciplinaire effectuée au sein d’un établissement d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes. Nous indiquons les conditions qui ont impliqué le recours à cette approche et son intérêt. Cinq facteurs sont discutés : l’interdisciplinarité, la flexibilité du travail collaboratif, la dimension « action » de la recherche, notre proximité avec l’interactionnisme symbolique et notre ancrage communicationnel. Nous montrons enfin comment les résultats de ce travail reflètent notre démarche inductive.
Problématiser en muséologie : quels paradigmes sous-jacents?
Authors: Soulier Virginie
Published: July 2014

L’article présente notre parcours épistémologique et méthodologique dans le cadre d’une recherche en muséologie. Le processus de recherche en muséologie demeure rarement explicité. L’article vise ainsi à rendre compte des tournures que notre recherche a empruntées. Aborder les différentes versions de notre thèse consiste à retracer les gestes implicites posés dans ce régime d’incertitude et à formaliser notre cheminement intellectuel. Nous proposons d’analyser une série d’énoncés de la problématique de 2010 à 2013 à la lumière de l’approche méthodologique de la théorisation enracinée telle que définie par Guillemette et Luckerhoff (2009), Luckerhoff et Guillemette (2012) et Plouffe et Guillemette (2012). L’exercice vise à analyser le cadrage épistémologique et ses paradigmes sous-jacents. Trois ancrages ressortent dans notre approche inductive : ancrages en méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée (MTE), en phénoménologie et en herméneutique.
Discussion on “Big N Auditors and Earnings Response Coefficients – A Comparison Study between the US and China”
Authors: Joanna L. Ho
Published: July 2014

Research on auditor reputation and clients’ financial reporting quality can be traced back to Teoh and Wong’s (1993) study, which provides empirical evidence of Big 8 audit firms having higher financial reporting credibility than non-Big 8 audit firms in the US market. In their study, Du and Zhou (hereinafter, DZ) replicate Teoh and Wong (1993) using a longer and more recent sample period in the US (1983-2012)2 and China (1995-2012) to examine whether the positive association between Big N auditors and perceived audit quality (ERCs) still holds after a major regulatory intervention in early 2000 and to compare this association in the US and China. This comparison is important because China is the largest emerging economy and the second largest economy in the world. DZ’s comprehensive evidence helps us to better understand if market reaction to ERCs in China differs from that in the US. I also commend that DZ provide detailed information on the market shares of Big N auditors in the US and Chinese markets respectively during this long sample period, demonstrating that while Big N auditors play a dominant role in the US market, their market shares are much smaller in the Chinese market.
Synthesis ZrO2-Montmorillonite and Application as Catalyst in Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Fraction of Crude Oil
Authors: Fatimah Is , Wijaya Karna , Setyawan Khoirul Himmi
Published: July 2014

Research on synthesis and characterization of ZrO2-Montmorillonit and its application as catalyst in heavy fraction of crude oil (HFCO) conversion has been investigated. Synthesis of catalyst was done by pillarization of ZrO2 into silicate interlayer of montmorillonite structure. The success in synthesis is shown by XRD and BET surface area measurement in that basal spacing d001 was increase after pillarization. Activity test of material was showed that ZrO2 dispersion affected catalytic activity in liquid production and the activity was increased asn increasing temperature in the range of 473K-673K. Composition of liquid product indicated that ZrO2-Montmorillonit tend to produce kerosene related to metal oxide distribution in synthesis. © 2008 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Ekstraksi Kalium dari Abu Tandan Kosong Sawit Sebagai Katalis Pada Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit
Authors: Imaduddin Mohammad , Yoeswono Yoeswono , Wijaya Karna , Tahir Iqmal
Published: July 2014

Process of the transesterification reaction of palm oil with methanol by using ash of palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) as base catalyst has been conducted. The studied variables were effect of weight ash of EFB (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 g) and the molar ratio (3:1; 6:1; 9:1; and 12:1) of methanol to palm oil. Sample of ash was prepared through heating, screening, and reashing. A certain amount of ash was extracted in methanol with mixing for about 1 h at room temperature and the product was used as catlayst for transesterification process. The composition of the methyl esters (biodiesel) was analyzed using GC-MS and 1H NMR, whereas characters of biodiesel were analyzed using ASTM methods. The results of AAS analysis showed that potassium carbonate content in ash of EFB was 25.92% w/w. The main components of biodiesel were mixture of methyl palmitate and methyl oleat as the major compounds. The increasing of EFB ash weight (catalyst concentration) in reaction of transesterification enhanced the biodiesel conversion of 53.0; 76.9; 88.2; 90.5 and 97.8% (w/w) respectively. The increasing of the molar ratio of methanol to palm oil, the biodiesel conversion enhanced too, that were 74.0; 90.5; 92.3 and 98.8% (w/w) respectively. The properties of biodiesel were relatively conformed with specification of biodiesel (ASTM D 6751). © 2008 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Mathematical Modelling of Catalytic Fixed-Bed Reactor for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane over Rh/Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Saidina Amin Nor Aishah , Istadi Istadi , Yee New Pei
Published: July 2014

A one-dimensional mathematical model was developed to simulate the performance of catalytic fixed bed reactor for carbon dioxide reforming of methane over Rh/Al2O3 catalyst at atmospheric pressure. The reactions involved in the system are carbon dioxide reforming of methane (CORM) and reverse water gas shift reaction (RWGS). The profiles of CH4 and CO2 conversions, CO and H2 yields, molar flow rate and mole raction of all species as well as reactor temperature along the axial bed of catalyst were simulated. In addition, the effects of different reactor temperature on the reactor performance were also studied. The models can also be applied to analyze the performances of lab-scale micro reactor as well as pilot-plant scale reactor with certain modifications and model verification with experimental data. © 2008 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Mathematical Model of Ion Transport in Electrodialysis Process
Authors: Rohman F. S. , Aziz N.
Published: July 2014

Mathematical models of ion transport in electrodialysis process is reviewed and their basics concept is discussed. Three scales of ion transport reviewed are: 1) ion transport in the membrane, where two approaches are used, the irreversible thermodynamics and modeling of the membrane material; 2) ion transport in a three-layer system composed of a membrane with two adjoining diffusion layers; and 3) coupling with hydraulic flow system in an electrodialysis 2D and 3D cell, where the differential equation of convectivediffusion is used. Most of the work carried out in the past implemented NP equations since relatively easily coupled with other equations describing hydrodynamic conditions and ion transport in the surrounding solutions, chemical reactions in the solutions and the membrane, boundary and other conditions. However, it is limited to point ionic transport in homogenous and uniformly - grainy phases of structure.  © 2008 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Design of a Simple and Cheap Water Electrolyser for the Production of Solar Hydrogen
Authors: Prasad Ram
Published: July 2014

Commercially available conventional alkaline electrolyser and advanced polymer membrane electrolysers for water electrolysis are quite expensive. Taking into account this aspect, a very simple and cheap water electrolyser has been designed and fabricated utilising easily available economical materials for small scale production of hydrogen using renewable energy from photovoltaic panel. The construction details of the electrolyser with a schematic drawing of the experimental set-up for PV production of H2 are given. In order to fabricate the compact electrolyser, two coaxial tubular PVC pipes were used. The lower part of the inner pipe has fine perforations for the transport of ions through electrolyte between the electrodes. Two cylindrical electrodes, cathode and anode are kept in inner and outer pipes respectively. The performance of hydrogen production was measured using a photovoltaic panel directly connected to the electrolyser under atmospheric pressure and in 27wt% KOH solution. Flow rates of hydrogen and oxygen were measured using a digital flow meter. High purity fuel cell grade hydrogen (99.98%) and oxygen (99.85%) have been produced. The experimental results confirm that the present electrolyser has eligible properties for hydrogen production in remote areas. No such electrolyser has been reported prior to this work. © 2009 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Catalytic Hydrolysis of Ethyl Acetate using Cation Exchange Resin (Amberlyst - 15) : A Kinetic Study
Authors: Ayyappan K. R. , Toor Amrit Pal , Gupta Ri , Bansal Ajay , Wanchoo R. K.
Published: July 2014

The kinetic behavior of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of aqueous ethyl acetate over an acidic cation exchange resin, Amberlyst 15, was investigated. The experiments were carried out in a fixed bed reactor at temperatures from 313.15 to 343.15 K and feed molar ratios ,θBo (water to ethyl acetate) from 62.4 to 265.88. The conversion of ethyl acetate was found to increase with increasing reaction temperature. Gas bubble formation was observed at reaction temperature ≥ 343.15K. Absence of mass transfer resistance was verified by conducting the experiments at different catalyst loadings (20 g, 40 g, 64 g) under varied feed flow rates (1 to 25 cm3/min ). The kinetic data was correlated with pseudo first order model and model parameters were determined using Nelder-Mead algorithm for minimizing the objective function. © 2009 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oil over Plasma Reactor: Optimization of Biodiesel Yield using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Istadi Istadi , Anggoro Didi Dwi , Marwoto Putut , Suherman Suherman , Nugroho Bambang Tri
Published: July 2014

Biodiesel production has received considerable attention in the recent past as a renewable fuel. The production of biodiesel by conventional transesterification process employs alkali or acid catalyst and has been industrially accepted for its high conversion and reaction rates. However for alkali catalyst, there may be risk of free acid or water contamination and soap formation is likely to take place which makes the separation process difficult. Although yield is high, the acids, being corrosive, may cause damage to the equipment and the reaction rate was also observed to be low. This research focuses on empirical modeling and optimization for the biodiesel production over plasma reactor. The plasma reactor technology is more promising than the conventional catalytic processes due to the reducing reaction time and easy in product separation. © 2009 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Advanced Mathematical Model to Describe the Production of Biodiesel Process
Authors: Ibrehem Ahmmed S. , Al-Salim Hikmat S.
Published: July 2014

Advanced mathematical model was used to capture the batch reactor characteristics of reacting compounds. The model was applied to batch reactor for the production of bio-diesel from palm and kapok oils. Results of the model were compared with experimental data in terms of conversion of transesterification reaction for the production of bio-diesel under unsteady state. A good agreement was obtained between our model predictions and the experimental data. Both experimental and modeling results showed that the conversion of triglycerides to methyl ester was affected by the process conditions. The transesterification process with temperature of about 70 oC, and methanol ratio to the triglyceride of about 5 times its stoichiometry, and the NAOH catalyst of wt 0.4%, appear to be acceptable process conditions for bio diesel process production from palm oil and kapok oil. The model can be applied for endothermic batch process. © 2009 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Variability of Energy Dissipation and Shear Rate with Geometry in Unbaffled Surface Aerator
Authors: Kumar Bimlesh
Published: July 2014

The dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy () and shear rate (γ) are the key process parameters for mixing in surface aerators. At constant dynamic variables (rotational speed), both  and γ are greatly affected by the geometric parameters (impeller diameter, cross-sectional area of the tank, liquid height, rotor blade length and immersion height). By doing numerical computation by VISIMIX ®, present work analyzes the effect of non-dimensional (which is non-dimensionalized through rotor diameter) geometric parameters on e and g. With an increase in liquid height, there is an increase in the case of energy dissipation and shear rate values. In the case of tank area and blade length, it is vice versa. Energy dissipation and shear rate are not affected by the variation in immersion height of the impeller.
New Dynamic Analysis and System Identification of Biodiesel Production Process from Palm Oil
Authors: Ibrehem Ahmmed S. , Al-Salim Hikmat S.
Published: July 2014

In this study we present advanced mathematical model was used to capture the batch reactor characteristics of reacting compounds new parameters and new a prerequisite average slope analysis (PASA) method for the system dynamic behaviour under different operational conditions is a prerequisite to the good selection for these parameters. The model was applied to batch reactor for the production of bio-diesel from palm and kapok oils. Results of the model were compared with experimental data in terms of conversion of transesterification reaction for the production of bio-diesel under unsteady state. A good agreement was obtained between our model predictions and the experimental data. Both experimental and modeling results showed that the conversion of triglycerides to methyl ester was affected by the process conditions and by using PASA that could be achieved by making some deterministic tests either in real data plant or in the physical model that properly and adequately fits the actual process. The input-output relationships are studied using the open-loop dynamic response of the process, which can be determined from the process model by stepping different inputs and recording output responses. Starting from steady state conditions, each input is perturbed with certain magnitude that is enough to show the effect on the system dynamics. The transesterficition process with temperature of about 70 oC, and methanol ratio to the triglyceride of about 5 times its stoichiometry and the NAOH catalyst of wt 0.4%, appear to be acceptable process conditions. PASA shows methanol ratio to the triglyceride has big effect on the system. PASA method can be applied for different processes. © 2009 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Pengaruh Lama Miling Terhadap Sifat Absorpsi Material Penyimpan Hidrogen MgH2 yang Dikatalisasi Dengan Fe (The Role of Milling Time on the Absorption Behaviour of MgH2 Catalyzed by Fe)
Authors: Mustanir Mustanir , Jalil Zulkarnain
Published: July 2014

Hidrida logam berbasis MgH2 dengan sisipan 1 wt% katalis Fe telah berhasil disintesis dengan teknik ball milling. Hasil proses miling selama 80 jam menunjukkan bahwa ukuran butir material telah membentuk struktur nanokristal. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh profil difraksi sinar-X dimana terjadi pelebaran puncakpuncak difraksinya dengan meningkatnya waktu miling. Hasil uji absorpsi secara gravimetrik diketahui bahwa MgH2 berkatalis 1 wt% Fe mampu menyerap hydrogen sebesar 5,5 wt% dalam waktu ~20 menit pada temperatur 300 oC. Hasil ini sekaligus memperlihatkan bahwa sejumlah kecil katalis Fe bekerja secara baik dalam memperbaiki sifat absorpsi material penyimpan hydrogen berbasis Mg.(Metal hydrides are of great interest as hydrogen storage media especially for automotive application. Hydrides of magnesium and magnesium alloys are particularly attractive as they combine potentially high hydrogen storage capacities, 7.6 wt%. But, unfortunately, the sorption properties are poor. For example, conventional hydrogenation of magnesium requires prolonged treatment at temperatures of 300 oC and above. Here, we report the absorption properties of MgH2 catalyzed with a small amount of Fe element (1wt%) under argon atmosphere prepared by ball milling in 80 hours. As the results, it showed the influence of milling time on the absortion kinetics of material which could absorp hydrogen in amount 5.5 within 20 minutes at 300 oC. It is obvious that longer milling time and small amount of catalyst could improve the sorption properties of Mg-based hydrides).© 2009 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Production of Biodiesel from Oleic Acid and Methanol by Reactive Distillation
Authors: Kusmiyati Kusmiyati , Sugiharto Agung
Published: July 2014

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that is produced from vegetable oils and animal fats. Generally, it is formed by transesterification reaction of triglycerides in the vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol. In this work, esterification reaction was carried out using oleic acid, methanol and sulphuric acid as a catalyst by reactive distillation method. In order to determine the best conditions for biodiesel production by reactive distillation, the experiments were carried out at different temperature (100 0C, 120 0C, 150 0C and 180 0C) using methanol/oleic acid molar ratios (1:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1), catalyst/ oleic acid molar ratios (0.5%wt, 1%wt, 1.5%wt and 2%wt) and reaction times (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes). Results at temperature 180 0C, methanol/ oleic acid molar ratio of 8:1, amount of catalyst 1% for 90 minute reaction time gives the highest conversion of oleic acid above 0.9571. Biodiesel product from oleic acid was analysed by ASTM (American Standard for Testing Material). The results show that the biodiesel produced has the quality required to be a diesel substitute. © 2010 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Preparation Methods and Applications of CuO-CeO2 Catalysts: A Short Review
Authors: Prasad Ram , Rattan Gaurav
Published: July 2014

The CuO-CeO2 catalytic systems are getting popular for catalyzing very actively the various reactions of environmental, commercial and other importance. In recent years, many methods have been in use for the preparation of versatile CuO-CeO2 catalysts. Reviewing the useful preparation methods of such catalysts is thus the need of the time in view of the globally increasing interest towards all the low temperature redox reactions. This article presents a short review on seventeen different preparation methods of the copperceria catalysts, followed by critical discussions on the related redox properties and advancements accomplished with respect to their application aspect, including a systematic compilation of the concerned newer literature in a well-concievable tabular form. © 2010 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)