bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gleason grade grouping of prostate cancer is of prognostic value in Asian men
Authors: Yeong Joe , Sultana Rehena , Teo Jonathan , Huang Hong Hong , Yuen John , Tan Puay Hoon , Khor Li Yan
Published: March 2017

Aim

The International Society of Urological Pathology made recommendations for the use of Grade Groups (GG) originally described by Epstein and colleagues over Gleason score (GS) alone in 2014, which was subsequently adopted by the WHO classification in 2016. The majority of studies validating this revision have been in Caucasian populations. We therefore asked whether the new GG system was retrospectively associated with biochemical disease-free survival in a mixed-ethnicity cohort of Asian men.

Methods

A total of 680 radical prostatectomies (RPs) from 2005 to 2014 were included. GS from initial biopsy and RP were compared and used to allocate cases to GG, defined as: 1 (GS≤6); 2 (GS 3+4=7); 3 (GS 4+3=7); 4 (GS 4+4=8/5+3=8/3+5=8) and 5 (GS 9–10). Biochemical recurrence was defined as two consecutive post-RP prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of >0.2 ng/mL after post-RP PSA reaching the nadir of <0.1 ng/mL.

Results

Our data showed that Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significant differences in biochemical recurrence within Gleason GG based on either biopsy or prostatectomy scoring. Multivariate analysis further confirmed that a higher GG was significantly associated with risk of biochemical recurrence. This GG system had a higher prognostic discrimination for both initial biopsy and RP than GS.

Conclusions

Our study validates the use of the revised and updated GG system in a mixed-ethnicity population of Asian men. Higher GG was significantly associated with increased risk of biochemical recurrence. We therefore recommend its use to inform clinical management for patients with prostate cancer.
Socioeconomic gradients in all-cause, premature and avoidable mortality among immigrants and long-term residents using linked death records in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Khan Anam M , Urquia Marcelo , Kornas Kathy , Henry David , Cheng Stephanie Y , Bornbaum Catherine , Rosella Laura C
Published: March 2017

Background

Immigrants have been shown to possess a health advantage, yet are also more likely to reside in arduous economic conditions. Little is known about if and how the socioeconomic gradient for all-cause, premature and avoidable mortality differs according to immigration status.

Methods

Using several linked population-based vital and demographic databases from Ontario, we examined a cohort of all deaths in the province between 2002 and 2012. We constructed count models, adjusted for relevant covariates, to attain age-adjusted mortality rates and rate ratios for all-cause, premature and avoidable mortality across income quintile in immigrants and long-term residents, stratified by sex.

Results

A downward gradient in age-adjusted all-cause mortality was observed with increasing income quintile, in immigrants (males: Q5: 13.32, Q1: 20.18; females: Q5: 9.88, Q1: 12.51) and long-term residents (males: Q5: 33.25, Q1: 57.67; females: Q5: 22.31, Q1: 36.76). Comparing the lowest and highest income quintiles, male and female immigrants had a 56% and 28% lower all-cause mortality rate, respectively. Similar trends were observed for premature and avoidable mortality. Although immigrants had consistently lower mortality rates compared with long-term residents, trends only differed statistically across immigration status for females (p<0.05).

Conclusions

This study illustrated the presence of income disparities as it pertains to all-cause, premature, and avoidable mortality, irrespective of immigration status. Additionally, the immigrant health advantage was observed and income disparities were less pronounced in immigrants compared with long-term residents. These findings support the need to examine the factors that drive inequalities in mortality within and across immigration status.
FRAGMENTATION, SKILL FORMATION AND INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MOBILITY
Authors: MITRA SUDESHNA , GUPTA KAUSIK
Published: March 2017

During the last few decades an important feature of the on-going process of globalization is production fragmentation. Owing to the growing importance of international fragmentation of production processes the composition of international trade has indeed altered in recent years. Here we want to focus on production fragmentation which actually implies that the requirement for the intermediate goods can be met by producing it domestically or it can be imported from abroad. In this paper we want to examine the probable causes for a developing economy to switchover from a regime of no fragmentation to fragmentation. Here the impact of such a regime change has also been examined on wage inequality as well as on the incidence of skill formation within the economy. Moreover, we have examined here the impact of perfect international capital mobility on the economy in the context of regime change between fragmentation and no fragmentation.
Wave propagation in fluid-conveying viscoelastic carbon nanotubes under longitudinal magnetic field with thermal and surface effect via nonlocal strain gradient theory
Authors: Zhen Yaxin , Zhou Lin
Published: March 2017

Based on nonlocal strain gradient theory, wave propagation in fluid-conveying viscoelastic single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is studied in this paper. With consideration of thermal effect and surface effect, wave equation is derived for fluid-conveying viscoelastic SWCNTs under longitudinal magnetic field utilizing Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The closed-form expressions are derived for the frequency and phase velocity of the wave motion. The influences of fluid flow velocity, structural damping coefficient, temperature change, magnetic flux and surface effect are discussed in detail. SWCNTs’ viscoelasticity reduces the wave frequency of the system and the influence gets remarkable with the increase of wave number. The fluid in SWCNTs decreases the frequency of wave propagation to a certain extent. The frequency (phase velocity) gets larger due to the existence of surface effect, especially when the diameters of SWCNTs and the wave number decrease. The wave frequency increases with the increase of the longitudinal magnetic field, while decreases with the increase of the temperature change. The results may be helpful for better understanding the potential applications of SWCNTs in nanotechnology.
Acoustic Eaton lens array and its fluid application
Authors: Kim Sang-Hoon , Sy Pham-Van , Das Mukunda P.
Published: March 2017

A principle of an acoustic Eaton lens array and its application as a removable tsunami wall is proposed theoretically. The lenses are made of expandable rubber pillars or balloons and create a stop-band by rotating the incoming tsunami wave and reduce the pressure by canceling each other. The diameter of each lens is larger than the wavelength of the tsunami near the coast, that is, order of a kilometer. The impedance matching on the border of the lenses results in a little reflection. Before a tsunami, the balloons are buried underground in shallow water near the coast in folded or rounded form. Upon sounding of the tsunami alarm, water and air are pumped into the pillars, which expand and erect the wall above the sea level within a few hours. After the tsunami, the water and air are released from the pillars, which are then buried underground for reuse. Electricity is used to power the entire process. A numerical simulation with a linear tsunami model was carried out.
Effect of Ni–P alloy coating on microstructures and properties of vacuum brazed joints of SiCp/Al composites
Authors: Wang Peng , Gao Zeng , Cheng Dongfeng , Xu Dongxia , Niu Jitai
Published: March 2017

Compared without electroless Ni–P alloy coating on the SiCp/Al composites, the paper describes the effect of Ni–P deposited layer on the microstructure evolution, shear strength, airtightness and fracture behavior of vacuum brazed joints. Void free and compact reaction layers along the 6063Al/Ni–P deposited layer/filler metal interfaces indicated that the joints exhibit high airtightness with He-leakage less than [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that the reaction layers mainly included brittle Al–Ni and Al–Cu–Ni intermetallics, where fracture occurred in priority and the shear strength was less than 90 MPa. However, without Ni–P alloy coating, sound joints with high shear strength of 100.1 MPa but low airtightness with He-leakage higher than [Formula: see text] were also obtained at 590[Formula: see text]C for soaking time of 30 min. In this case, a few holes that occurred along the filler metal/SiC particle interface significantly decreased the compactness of the joints. Therefore, according to the requirements in practical applications, suitable choice was provided in this research.
2D Axisymmetric Problem for a Sphere with Heat Sources in the Theory of Generalized Thermoviscoelasticity
Authors: Sherief Hany H. , Allam Allam A.
Published: March 2017

A solid sphere composed of a thermoviscoelastic material is subjected to an axisymmetric temperature distribution on its surface that is traction free. A distributed heat source acts inside an inner sphere. The problem is solved analytically and numerically. The solutions are represented graphically for different cases.
Contingent conversion convertible bond: New avenue to raise bank capital
Authors: Di Girolamo Francesca Erica , Campolongo Francesca , De Spiegeleer Jan , Schoutens Wim
Published: March 2017

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the structuring and the pricing of an innovative financial market product. This instrument is called a contingent conversion convertible bond or “CoCoCo”. This hybrid bond is itself a combination of two other hybrid instruments: a contingent convertible (“CoCo”) and a convertible bond. This combination introduces more complexity in the structure but it also allows investors to profit from strong share price performances. This upside potential is added on top of the normal contingent convertible mechanics of CoCos, which expose the investors to mainly downside risk. First, we explain how the features of the contingent convertible bonds on one side and the features of the standard convertible bonds on the other side are combined. Thereafter, we propose a pricing approach which moves away from the standard Black[Formula: see text]Scholes setting. The CoCoCos are evaluated using the Heston process to which a Hull-White interest rate process has been added. We demonstrate the importance of using a stochastic interest rate when modeling this instrument. Finally we quantify the loss absorbing capacity of this instrument.
Racial Differences in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Incidence and Molecular Features
Authors: Chen Shirui , Zhou Kai , Yang Liguang , Ding Guohui , Li Hong
Published: March 2017

The incidence and histological type of esophageal cancer are highly variable depending on geographic location and race/ethnicity. Here we want to determine if racial difference exists in the molecular features of esophageal cancer. We firstly confirmed that the incidence rate of esophagus adenocarcinoma (EA) was higher in Whites than in Asians and Blacks, while the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was highest in Asians. Then we compared the genome-wide somatic mutations, methylation, and gene expression to identify differential genes by race. The mutation frequencies of some genes in the same pathway showed opposite difference between Asian and White patients, but their functional effects to the pathway may be consistent. The global patterns of methylation and expression were similar, which reflected the common characteristics of ESCC tumors from different populations. A small number of genes had significant differences between Asians and Whites. More interesting, the racial differences of COL11A1 were consistent across multiple molecular levels, with higher mutation frequency, higher methylation, and lower expression in White patients. This indicated that COL11A1 might play important roles in ESCC, especially in White population. Additional studies are needed to further explore their functions in esophageal cancer.
Offloading Method for Efficient Use of Local Computational Resources in Mobile Location-Based Services Using Clouds
Authors: Son Yunsik , Lee Yangsun
Published: March 2017

With the development of mobile computing, location-based services (LBSs) have been developed to provide services based on location information through communication networks or the global positioning system. In recent years, LBSs have evolved into smart LBSs, which provide many services using only location information. These include basic services such as traffic, logistic, and entertainment services. However, a smart LBS may require relatively complicated operations, which may not be effectively performed by the mobile computing system. To overcome this problem, a computation offloading technique can be used to perform certain tasks on mobile devices in cloud and fog environments. Furthermore, mobile platforms exist that provide smart LBSs. The smart cross-platform is a solution based on a virtual machine (VM) that enables compatibility of content in various mobile and smart device environments. However, owing to the nature of the VM-based execution method, the execution performance is degraded compared to that of the native execution method. In this paper, we introduce a computation offloading technique that utilizes fog computing to improve the performance of VMs running on mobile devices. We applied the proposed method to smart devices with a smart VM (SVM) and HTML5 SVM to compare their performances.
Three Novel Mutations in the NPHS1 Gene in Vietnamese Patients with Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Nguyen Thi Kim Lien , Pham Van Dem , Nguyen Thu Huong , Pham Trung Kien , Nguyen Thi Quynh Huong , Nguyen Huy Hoang
Published: March 2017

Congenital nephrotic syndrome, a rare and severe disease, is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The disease manifests shortly after birth and occurs predominantly in families of Finnish origin but has now been observed in all countries and races. Mutations in the NPHS1 gene, which encodes nephrin, are the main causes of congenital nephrotic syndrome in patients. In this study, we report the first mutational analysis of the NPHS1 gene in three unrelated children from three different Vietnamese families. These patients were examined and determined to be suffering from congenital nephrotic syndrome in the Department of Pediatrics, Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics. All 29 exons and exon-intron boundaries of NPHS1 were analyzed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Genetic analysis of the NPHS1 gene revealed one compound heterozygous variant p.Glu117Lys, one heterozygous missense mutation p.Asp310Asn, and one heterozygous frame-shifting mutation (c.3250_3251insG causing p.Val1084Glyfs⁎12) in patient 1. In patient 2, one heterozygous variant p.Glu117Lys and one novel heterozygous missense mutation p.Ser324Ala were identified. Finally, a novel missense mutation p.Arg802Leu and a novel nonsense mutation (c.2442C>G causing p.K792⁎) were identified in patient 3.
Effects of a Herbal Medicine, Yukgunja‐Tang, on Functional Dyspepsia Patients Classified by 3‐Dimensional Facial Measurement: A Study Protocol for Placebo‐Controlled, Double‐Blind, Randomized Trial
Authors: Kim Juyeon , Park Jae-Woo , Ko Seok-Jae , Jeon Soo-Hyung , Kim Jong-Won , Yeo Inkwon , Kim Jinsung
Published: March 2017

Introduction. Functional dyspepsia (FD), a common upper gastrointestinal disease, is difficult to manage because of the limitations of current conventional treatments. Yukgunja‐tang (YGJT) is widely used to treat FD in clinical practice in Korea, Japan, and China. However, YGJT significantly improves few symptoms of FD. In Korean medicine, FD is a well‐known functional gastric disease that shows difference in the effect of herbal medicine depending on constitution or type of Korean medicine diagnosis. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of YGJT on FD patients classified by 3‐dimensional facial measurement using a 3‐dimensional facial shape diagnostic system (3‐FSDS). Methods. A placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized, two‐center trial will be performed to evaluate the efficacy of YGJT on FD patients. Eligible subjects will be initially classified as two types by 3‐dimensional facial measurement using the 3‐FSDS. Ninety‐six subjects (48 subjects per each type) will be enrolled. These subjects will be randomly allocated into treatment or control groups in a 2 : 1 ratio. YGJT or placebo will be administered to each group during the 8‐week treatment period. The primary outcome is total dyspepsia symptom scale, and the secondary outcomes include single dyspepsia symptom scale, proportion of responders with adequate symptom relief, visual analog scale, Nepean dyspepsia index‐Korean version, functional dyspepsia‐related quality of life, and spleen qi deficiency questionnaire. Discussion. This is the first randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of the YGJT on FD patients classified by 3‐dimensional facial measurement. We will compare the treatment effect of the YGJT on FD patients classified as two types using the 3‐FSDS. The results of this trial will help the FD patients improve the symptoms and quality of life effectively and provide objective evidence for prescribing the YGJT to FD patients in clinical practice. Trial Registration. This trial is registered with Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0001920, 15 May, 2016.
Subthreshold Depression and Clinically Significant Depression in an Italian Population of 70–74-Year-Olds: Prevalence and Association with Perceptions of Self
Authors: Vaccaro Roberta , Borrelli Paola , Abbondanza Simona , Davin Annalisa , Polito Letizia , Colombo Mauro , Francesca Vitali Silvia , Villani Simona , Guaita Antonio
Published: March 2017

Estimates of depressive disorders in the elderly vary depending on how cases are defined. We estimated the prevalence of subthreshold depression (SD) and clinically significant depression (D) in a population of 70–74-year-olds. We also looked for associations with sociodemographic factors and perceptions of self. Participants underwent a multidimensional assessment (social, medical, and neuropsychological). The estimated prevalence of SD was 15.71% (95% CI: 13.70–17.72), while that of D was 5.58% (95% CI: 4.31–6.85). Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender and dissatisfaction with family relationships were related to SD and D. A self-perception of physical age as older than actual age (but not comorbidity) and greater self-perceived stress caused by negative life events both increased the probability of SD. The likelihood of D was decreased in those who perceived their own health as good, whereas a self-perception of mental age as older than actual age and dissatisfaction with relationships with friends were both significantly associated with D. Both SD and D emerged as key problems in our population. Female gender and self-perceptions of various characteristics, which can be explored through simple questions, are associated with late-life depression in elderly people independently of their actual physical condition and other characteristics.
Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Acephate on Human Sperm
Authors: Dhanushka M. A. Thamali , Peiris L. Dinithi. C.
Published: March 2017

Extensive use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) could alter semen quality and sperm DNA at different stages of spermatogenesis. Acephate is a highly toxic extensively used OP and, therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of acephate on human semen quality and sperm DNA integrity. Sperm collected from healthy males were exposed to 0, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL of acephate and incubated for 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h. Subsequently, sperm motility, vitality, functional integrity of plasma membrane, sperm capacitation, and DNA damage were examined. Result showed a significant decline of the motility at 100 μg/mL after 3 h and with 200 μg/mL after 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h. Viability was significantly reduced at 200 μg/mL after 2 h and 3 h. Functional integrity was significantly affected at 100 μg/mL after 3h and in 200 μg/mL dose after 2 h and 3h. Similarly, sperm capacitation was significantly affected at 200 μg/mL after 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h and at 100 μg/mL at 3 h. DNA damage was significantly increased only in 200 μg/mL dose after 3 h. The study suggests that exposure to acephate may result in alterations of sperm structure and function thus contributing towards deteriorating in human semen quality triggering infertility.
Improving Health and Reducing Comorbidity Associated with HIV: The Development ofTAVIE en santé, a Web-Based Tailored Intervention to Support the Adoption of Health Promoting Behaviors among People Living with HIV
Authors: Côté José , Cossette Sylvie , Ramirez-Garcia Pilar , Rouleau Geneviève , Auger Patricia , Boudreau François , Gagnon Marie-Pierre
Published: March 2017

Background. In the domain of health behavior change, the deployment and utilization of information and communications technologies as a way to deliver interventions appear to be promising. This article describes the development of a web-based tailored intervention,TAVIE en santé, to support people living with HIV in the adoption of healthy behaviors.Methods. This intervention was developed through an Intervention Mapping (IM) framework and is based on the theory of planned behavior.Results. Crucial steps of IM are the selection of key determinants of behavior and the selection of useful theory-based intervention methods to change the targeted determinants (active ingredients). The content and the sequence of the intervention are then created based on these parameters.TAVIE en santéis composed of 7 interactive web sessions hosted by a virtual nurse. It aims to develop and strengthen skills required for behavior change. Based on an algorithm using individual cognitive data (attitude, perceived behavioral control, and intention), the number of sessions, theory-based intervention methods, and messages contents are tailored to each user.Conclusion.TAVIE en santéis currently being evaluated. The use of IM allows developing intervention with a systematic approach based on theory, empirical evidence, and clinical and experiential knowledge.
Amifostine Pretreatment Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Wu Shao-ze , Tao Lu-yuan , Wang Jiao-ni , Xu Zhi-qiang , Wang Jie , Xue Yang-jing , Huang Kai-yu , Lin Jia-feng , Li Lei , Ji Kang-ting
Published: March 2017

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of amifostine on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of mice and H9c2 cells cultured with TBHP (tert‐butyl hydroperoxide). The results showed that pretreatment with amifostine significantly attenuated cell apoptosis and death, accompanied by decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lower mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm). In vivo, amifostine pretreatment alleviated I/R injury and decreased myocardial apoptosis and infarct area, which was paralleled by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) in myocardial tissues, increased Bcl2 expression, decreased Bax expression, lower cleaved caspase‐3 level, fewer TUNEL positive cells, and fewer DHE‐positive cells in heart. Our results indicate that amifostine pretreatment has a protective effect against myocardial I/R injury via scavenging ROS.
Cold Storage of Two Selections of Soursop (Annona muricataL.) in Nayarit, Mexico
Authors: Jiménez-Zurita José Orlando , Balois-Morales Rosendo , Alia-Tejacal Irán , Sánchez Herrera Leticia Mónica , Jiménez-Ruiz Edgar Iván , Bello-Lara Juan Esteban , García-Paredes Juan Diego , Juárez-López Porfirio
Published: March 2017

The maturity of two selections of soursop (G1 and G2) from Nayarit, Mexico, was evaluated under environmental conditions at 22°C and refrigeration at 15°C stored for 6 and 8 days, respectively. Maximum CO2and ethylene values were present on the fifth and sixth day. The fruits exposed at 15°C had a significantly lower weight loss (5%) and showed no chilling injury. The firmness of two selections decreased more than 90%. The concentration of TSS increased to 5.3 to 15°Brix, and the titratable acidity was higher for fruit stored at 22°C. The highest concentration of phenols was recorded on the fourth day of storage at 22°C. The enzymatic activity of PPO was increased from physiological ripening to consumption ripening for both treatments. The two selections stored at 22°C registered the highest level of PME activity at ripeness. Shelf life was increased by up to 8 days (4 days at 15°C plus 4 days at 22°C) without causing chilling injury or alterations in the ripening process of the fruits. No significant differences were observed between the two selections evaluated; postharvest handling was considered to be similar; however, it would be advisable to evaluate other technologies combined with refrigeration.
Cadherins Associate with Distinct Stem Cell-Related Transcription Factors to Coordinate the Maintenance of Stemness in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Yang Chuanwei , Zhao Xuemei , Cui Naipeng , Liang Yulong
Published: March 2017

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer with poor prognosis and is enriched in cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, it is not completely understood how the CSCs were maintained in TNBC. In this study, by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provisional datasets and several small-size breast datasets, we found that cadherins (CDHs) 2, 4, 6, and 17 were frequently amplified/overexpressed in 47% of TNBC while E-cadherin (CDH1) was downregulated/mutated at 10%. The alterations of CDH2/4/6/17 were strongly associated with the elevated levels of several stem cell-related transcription factors (SC-TFs) including FOXM1, MCM2, WWTR1, SNAI1, and SOX9. CDH2/4/6/17-enriched genes including FOXM1 and MCM2 were also clustered and regulated by NFY (nuclear transcription factor Y) and/or EVI1/MECOM. Meanwhile, these SC-TFs including NFYA were upregulated in TNBC cells, but they were downregulated in luminal type of cells. Furthermore, small compounds might be predicted via the Connectivity Map analysis to target TNBC with the alterations of CDH2/4/6/17 and SC-TFs. Together with the important role of these SC-TFs in the stem cell regulation, our data provide novel insights into the maintenance of CSCs in TNBC and the discovery of these SC-TFs associated with the alterations of CDH2/4/6/17 has an implication in targeted therapy of TNBC.
Clinical Implications for the Timely Diagnosis of Mycobacterium marinum in the Age of Biologic Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lata Chris J. , Edgar Kelle , Vaughan Stephen
Published: March 2017

Mycobacterium marinum infections typically present as cutaneous nodular lesions with a sporotrichoid lymphatic spread on extensor surfaces of extremities. The natural history of this infection can be altered if the host is immunosuppressed, leading to disseminated presentations. A detailed exposure history and high degree of suspicion for this indolent pathogen are often required for the correct diagnosis of this disease. We present a case of a 67-year-old male misdiagnosed with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis presenting with rheumatic nodules. Initiation of chronic immunosuppressant therapy including biologic monoclonal antibodies resulted in the exacerbation of initially localized disease to broadly disseminated lymphatic, joint, and myotendinous granulomatous disease and led to delay in the correct diagnosis. Cessation of immunosuppressants, with a prolonged course of antimicrobial therapy and multiple surgical debridements were required for cure.
Research on the Method of Traffic Organization and Optimization Based on Dynamic Traffic Flow Model
Authors: Li Shu-bin , Wang Guang-min , Wang Tao , Ren Hua-ling
Published: March 2017

The modern transportation system is becoming sluggish by traffic jams, so much so that it can harm the economic and society in our country. One of the reasons is the surging vehicles day by day. Another reason is the shortage of the traffic supply seriously. But the most important reason is that the traffic organization and optimization hardly met the conditions of modern transport development. In this paper, the practical method of the traffic organization and optimization used in regional area is explored by the dynamic traffic network analysis method. Firstly, the operational states of the regional traffic network are obtained by simulation method based on the self-developed traffic simulation software DynaCHINA, in which the improved traffic flow simulation model was proposed in order to be more suitable for actual domestic urban transport situation. Then the appropriated optimization model and algorithm were proposed according to different optimized content and organization goals, and the traffic simulation processes more suitable to regional optimization were designed exactly. Finally, a regional network in Tai’an city was selected as an example. The simulation results show that the proposed method is effective and feasible. It can provide strong scientific and technological support for the traffic management department.
Thinner Corneas Appear to Have More Striking Effects of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Patients with Progressive Keratoconus
Authors: Han Yunfei , Xu Yanyun , Zhu Wei , Liu Yuling , Liu Zhen , Dou Xiaoxiao , Mu Guoying
Published: March 2017

Purpose.To analyze the outcomes and difference after UVA/riboflavin corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) in four different corneal thickness groups of patients with progressive keratoconus.Methods.Retrospective study. Eyes with progressive keratoconus after CXL were divided into 4 subgroups as follows: group 1, thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) ≤ 400 µm; group 2, 400 µm < TCT ≤ 450 µm; group 3, 450 µm < TCT ≤ 500 µm; group 4, TCT ≥ 500 µm. Baseline, 6-month, and 12-month visual acuity, corneal topography, TCT, and endothelial cell density were evaluated.Results.The analysis included 123 eyes of 101 patients. At 6 and 12 months after CXL, there was a mean improvement about visual acuity and keratometry values in all patients. There was a reduction in the change of maximum keratometry (Kmax) with the increase of TCT. After 1 year of treatment, it was 3.04 ± 0.75 D in group 1, 2.38 ± 0.51 D in group 2, 1.57 ± 0.35 D in group 3, and 0.31 ± 0.20 D in group 4.Conclusion.CXL is successful in halting the progression of keratoconus and there was a negative linear correlation between TCT andKmax. Advanced cases of progressive keratoconus seemed to obtain more benefits from the flatting effects of CXL.
Roles of Dietary Amino Acids and Their Metabolites in Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Bao Xianying , Feng Zemeng , Yao Jiming , Li Tiejun , Yin Yulong
Published: March 2017

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a kind of chronic inflammation, which has increasing incidence and prevalence in recent years. IBD mainly divides into Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). It is hard to cure IBD completely, and novel therapies are urgently needed. Amino acids (AAs) and their metabolites are regarded as important nutrients for humans and animals and also play an important role in IBD amelioration. In the present study, the potential protective effects of AAs and their metabolites on IBD had been summarized with the objective to provide insights into IBD moderating using dietary AAs and their metabolites as a potential adjuvant therapy.
Spatiotemporal Video Denoising Based on Adaptive Thresholding and Clustering
Authors: Yahya Ali Abdullah , Tan Jieqing , Su Benyu , Liu Kui , Hadi Ali Naser
Published: March 2017

In this paper we propose a novel video denoising method based on adaptive thresholding and K-means clustering. In the proposed method the adaptive thresholding is applied rather than the conventional hard-thresholding of the VBM3D method. The adaptive thresholding has a high ability to adapt and change according to the amount of noise. More specifically, hard-thresholding is applied on the higher noise areas while soft-thresholding is applied on the lower noise areas. Consequently, we can successfully remove the noise effectively and at the same time preserve the edges of the image, because the clustering approach saves more computation time and is more capable of finding relevant patches than the block-matching approach. So, the K-means clustering method in the final estimate in this paper is adopted instead of the block-matching method in the VBM3D method in order to restrict the search of the candidate patches within the region of the reference patch and therefore improve the grouping. Experimental results emphasize the superiority of the new method over the reference methods in terms of visual quality, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Image Enhancement Factor (IEF). Execution time of the proposed algorithm consumes less time in denoising than that in the VBM3D algorithm.
Advanced Implant-Prosthetic Rehabilitation: How to Obtain a Correct Restoration of Both Functions and Aesthetics in Patients with Complex Combined Dental and Maxillofacial Trauma: A Case Report and Topical Review of the Literature
Authors: Figliuzzi M. M. , Giudice A. , Fortunato L.
Published: March 2017

Aim. This study aims to explain the main steps that characterize the implant-prosthetic rehabilitation in complex combined dental and maxillofacial trauma.Material and Methods. A 20-year-old patient reported an extensive facial trauma which also involved the alveolar process of the maxillary bone. The patient reported a maxillofacial fracture and the loss of teeth 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, and 2.1. A “Le Fort” type 2 fracture was also reported, with the malar bone involvement. After reduction and containment of bone fractures, through appropriate mounting plates, appropriate functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of the patient were replaced thanks to a temporary removable prosthesis. After 6 months, the patient performed numerous clinical investigations, aimed at a proper planning of implant-prosthetic rehabilitation of the upper dental arch.Conclusion. With the planning of the case, as well as respecting the surrounding biological structures, the surgery of implants can be carried out with the most appropriate procedure. Lastly, new dental implants with highly bioactive surfaces have been developed, providing an excellent and rapid bone integration.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Dengue Disease in Latin America and in the Caribbean: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Torres Jaime Rafael , Orduna Tomás Agustín , Piña-Pozas Maricela , Vázquez-Vega Daniela , Sarti Elsa
Published: March 2017

Dengue, an important mosquito-borne virus transmitted mainly byAedes aegypti, is a major public health issue in Latin America and the Caribbean. National epidemiological surveillance systems, usually based on passive detection of symptomatic cases, while underestimating the true burden of dengue disease, can provide valuable insight into disease trends and excess reporting and potential outbreaks. We carried out a systematic review of the literature to characterize the recent epidemiology of dengue disease in Latin America and the English-speaking and Hispanic Caribbean Islands. We identified 530 articles, 60 of which met criteria for inclusion. In general, dengue seropositivity across the region was high and increased with age. All four virus serotypes were reported to circulate in the region. These observations varied considerably between and within countries and over time, potentially due to climatic factors (temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity) and their effect on mosquito densities and differences in socioeconomic factors. This review provides important insight into the major epidemiological characteristics of dengue in distinct regions of Latin America and the Caribbean, allowing gaps in current knowledge and future research needs to be identified.
Pattern Visual Evoked Potential Changes in Diabetic Patients without Retinopathy
Authors: Balta Ozgur , Sungur Gulten , Yakin Mehmet , Unlu Nurten , Balta Oyku Bezen , Ornek Firdevs
Published: March 2017

Purpose.To assess the different check sizes of pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) in diabetic patients without retinopathy according to HbA1c levels and diabetes duration.Methods.Fifty-eight eligible patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 26 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Only the right eye of each patient was analyzed. All of the patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, and the PVEPs were recorded.Results.There was a statistically significant difference in P100 latency in 1-degree check size and in N135 latency in 2-degree check size between controls and patient groups which have different HbA1c levels. There were statistically significant, positive, and weak correlations with diabetes duration and P100 latency in 7-minute and 15-minute check sizes and N135 latency in 15-minute check size.Conclusions.It was showed that there were prolongations in P100 latency only in 1-degree check size and in N135 only in 2-degree check size in diabetic patients without retinopathy. There was statistically significant correlation between diabetes duration and P100 and N135 latencies in different check sizes.
Gene Expression Profiles of Human Phosphotyrosine Phosphatases Consequent to Th1 Polarisation and Effector Function
Authors: Castro-Sánchez Patricia , Ramirez-Munoz Rocio , Roda-Navarro Pedro
Published: March 2017

Phosphotyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) constitute a complex family of enzymes that control the balance of intracellular phosphorylation levels to allow cell responses while avoiding the development of diseases. Despite the relevance of CD4 T cell polarisation and effector function in human autoimmune diseases, the expression profile of PTPs during T helper polarisation and restimulation at inflammatory sites has not been assessed. Here, a systematic analysis of the expression profile of PTPs has been carried out during Th1-polarising conditions and upon PKC activation and intracellular raise of Ca2+in effector cells. Changes in gene expression levels suggest a previously nonnoted regulatory role of several PTPs in Th1 polarisation and effector function. A substantial change in the spatial compartmentalisation of ERK during T cell responses is proposed based on changes in the dose of cytoplasmic and nuclear MAPK phosphatases. Our study also suggests a regulatory role of autoimmune-related PTPs in controlling T helper polarisation in humans. We expect that those PTPs that regulate T helper polarisation will constitute potential targets for intervening CD4 T cell immune responses in order to generate new therapies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Periodontal Application of Manuka Honey: Antimicrobial and Demineralising Effects In Vitro
Authors: Safii Syarida H. , Tompkins Geoffrey R. , Duncan Warwick J.
Published: March 2017

Background. Topical application of manuka honey is effective in the treatment of burns and soft-tissue infections. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity of manuka honey against plaque-associated bacteria in vitro in order to evaluate the potential application as an adjunct to periodontal treatment.Materials and Methods. The minimum bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) of manuka honey were compared to those of white clover honey against a variety of plaque-associated bacteria, at the natural and neutral pH. Dissolved calcium was measured following incubation of honeys with hydroxyapatite (HA) beads to assess their potential to demineralise oral hard tissues.Results. Both honeys inhibited most tested oral bacteria at similar MIC/MBC, butStreptococcus mutanswas comparatively resistant. The honeys at pH neutral had little effect on antimicrobial activity. Incubation of HA beads in honey solutions resulted in pH-dependent calcium dissolution, and inoculation withS. mutanspromoted further demineralisation by both types of honey.Conclusion. Manuka honey is antimicrobial towards representative oral bacteria. However, the relative resistance ofS. mutansin association with the high concentrations of fermentable carbohydrates in honey and the direct demineralising effect at natural pH mitigate against the application of honey as an adjunct in the treatment of periodontal disease.
A Combined PD-1/C5a Blockade Synergistically Protects against Lung Cancer Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Ajona Daniel , Ortiz-Espinosa Sergio , Moreno Haritz , Lozano Teresa , Pajares María J. , Agorreta Jackeline , Bértolo Cristina , Lasarte Juan J. , Vicent Silvestre , Hoehlig Kai , Vater Axel , Lecanda Fernando , Montuenga Luis M. , Pio Ruben
Published: March 2017

Disruption of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway with immune checkpoint inhibitors represents a major breakthrough in the treatment of non–small cell lung cancer. We hypothesized that combined inhibition of C5a/C5aR1 and PD-1 signaling may have a synergistic antitumor effect. The RMP1-14 antibody was used to block PD-1, and an L-aptamer was used to inhibit signaling of complement C5a with its receptors. Using syngeneic models of lung cancer, we demonstrate that the combination of C5a and PD-1 blockade markedly reduces tumor growth and metastasis and leads to prolonged survival. This effect is accompanied by a negative association between the frequency of CD8 T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells within tumors, which may result in a more complete reversal of CD8 T-cell exhaustion. Our study provides support for the clinical evaluation of anti–PD-1 and anti-C5a drugs as a novel combination therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.

Significance: Using a variety of preclinical models of lung cancer, we demonstrate that the blockade of C5a results in a substantial improvement in the efficacy of anti–PD-1 antibodies against lung cancer growth and metastasis. This study provides the preclinical rationale for the combined blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 and C5a to restore antitumor immune responses, inhibit tumor cell growth, and improve outcomes of patients with lung cancer. Cancer Discov; 7(7); 694–703. ©2017 AACR.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 653
Evaluation and Management of Gastric Superficial Neoplastic Lesions
Authors: Pimentel-Nunes Pedro , Libânio Diogo , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário
Published: March 2017

Gastric cancer is one of the most common and lethal cancers in the world. In Portugal, it is a major health problem presenting one of the highest incidence rates among European countries. In most Western countries, gastric cancer is generally diagnosed in advanced stages. Nevertheless, with the widespread use of upper endoscopy, gastric superficial neoplastic lesions are being increasingly recognized and diagnosed. However, there are no clear recommendations regarding who should be screened for its presence and only recently guidelines concerning the evaluation and management of these lesions were published. In this review, we summarize the current scientific evidence regarding diagnosis and management of gastric superficial neoplastic lesions. Topics like screening, diagnosis, endoscopic evaluation, management, treatment, pathologic evaluation and follow-up of patients with these lesions are covered and areas of future research are discussed. Whenever possible, evidence-based recommendations are made, and on the other cases expert opinion is presented.
Long-Term Outcomes of Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: Focus on Metachronous and Non-Curative Resection Management
Authors: Libânio D. , Pimentel-Nunes P. , Afonso L.P. , Henrique R. , Dinis-Ribeiro M.
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an effective treatment for gastric superficial neoplasms and curative in 80-85% of the patients. The aims of this study were to identify risk factors for non-curative resection and metachronous development, and to evaluate patient management and outcome after non-curative resection. Methods: In this single-centre study, the outcome of consecutive patients submitted to gastric ESD was assessed during a minimum follow-up of 18 months. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors. Results: ESD was performed in 194 lesions (164 patients) between 2005 and 2014. The median follow-up was 40 months. En bloc and complete resection rates were 95.3 and 93.8%, respectively. Male sex, larger tumor size, longer procedural time, and more advanced histology were associated with a non-curative resection (p < 0.05), but only carcinoma detected in biopsies before resection was identified as a significant risk factor on multivariate analysis. Metachronous lesions occurred in 18.4%, and the incidence rate was 4.7 lesions/100 person-years. Older age at diagnosis was identified as the only predictor of metachronous development in logistic regression. In the non-curative resection group, survival did not differ between patients allocated to surveillance and those submitted to gastrectomy; 75% of gastrectomy specimens showed no residual lesion. Conclusions: The risk factors identified for non-curative resection help to improve patient selection and patient information. Older patients had an increased risk for the development of metachronous lesions. In patients with non-curative resections, individualized patient management and surveillance seems to be an adequate option in selected cases.
Infliximab-Induced Lupus: A Case Report
Authors: Magno Pereira Vítor , Andrade Carla , Figueira Ricardo , Faria Goreti , Jasmins Luís
Published: March 2017

We report the case of a 48-year-old, leukodermic female diagnosed with ulcerative proctitis for 4 years and latent tuberculosis. She was allergic to salicylates and had a minor allergic reaction to infliximab (rash, vertigo, and headache). Thereafter, she started azathioprine (2.5 mg/kg/day). She maintained intravenous infliximab, together with prophylaxis with clemastine and hydrocortisone, due to the steroid-dependent proctitis. The therapy was continued every 8 weeks with anti-tumor necrosis factor for about 3 years. The analytical evaluation when she was diagnosed with ulcerative proctitis (February 2011) showed negative antinuclear antibodies (ANA), double-stranded-DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies, and a positive outer membrane protein antibody. About 2 years and 6 months after starting infliximab (November 2013), the patient complained of inflammatory symmetrical polyarthralgia (knee, shoulder, elbow, and wrist) without synovitis, which started every week before the administration of infliximab. Resolution of symptoms was observed after each infliximab infusion. In July 2014, the autoantibody re-evaluation showed positive ANA with a homogeneous pattern with a titer of 1:640, weak positive anti-dsDNA (30.2), and positive anti-histone with C3 decreased (80.3). She was then diagnosed with lupus induced by infliximab and initiated hydroxychloroquine 400 mg. Infliximab was suspended. On re-evaluation, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 25 mm/h (1st hour), C-reactive protein 0.5 mg/dL (previously erythrocyte sedimentation rate 15 mm/h and C-reactive protein 1.2 mg/dL), and endoscopically, the mucosa was scarred, with some atrophy and scarce mucus in the lower rectum. About 10 months after discontinuation of infliximab, repeated autoantibodies proved all negative, keeping only low C3 (87). The patient also reported complete resolution of the arthralgia.