bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UJI COBA KINERJA BAKTERI KARBONOKLASTIK PADA TANAH TERCEMAR MINYAK BUMI DENGAN TEKNIK LANDFARMING
Authors: Sopiah Nida , Arifudin Arifudin
Published: January 2019

Tantangan dalam proses bioremediasi selain senyawa yang didegradasi merupakan senyawa kompleks juga mengandung senyawa rekalsitran yang sulit didegradasi dan bersifat toksik, sehingga menyebabkan laju degradasinya berjalan lambat. Seleksi, bakteri dan optimasi bakteri pada bioremediasi lahan tercemar minyak bumi sangat diperlukan agar bakteri yang bekerja pada proses bioremediasi mampu beradaptasidan mendegradasi.Tujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah mengoptimasi kinerja bakteri karbonoklastik dengan menetapkan media tumbuh bakteri yang mampu menginduksi terbentuknya biosurfaktan; menentukan komposisi campuran (minyak bumi, tanah dan bulking agent ) yang optimal serta uji kinerja bakteri karbonoklastik dengan menggunakan teknik landfarming. Dari hasil uji coba tersebut diperoleh media tumbuh yang digunakan dalam perbanyakan ketiga bakteri karbonoklastik R122-2.3, R122-5 dan R122-BN5 adalah media MM2; sedangkan komposisi campuran yang digunakan dalam teknik landfarming mempunyai rasio 6 : 80 : 14 (minyak : tanah : Kompos) dengan nilai porositas dan water holding capacity sebesar 45% dan nilai bulk density 1.04 gram/mL. Uji kinerja bakteri karbonoklastik R122-BN5 dengan teknik landfarming mampu menurunkan nilaiTPH dari 6,8% menjadi lebih kecil dari 1% (0,82%) selama 32 hari. Kata kunci : bioremediasi, minyak bumi, rekalsitran, bakteri hidrokarbonoklastik, Biosurfaktan AbstractA challenge on applying bioremediation to soils contaminated with crude oil is the recalcitrant and toxic properties of the oil as such preventing it from readily biodegradation. To overcome the problem a selection process and optimization of microbial consortia must be undertaken so that the bacteria could adapt and perform optimally in the bioremediation. The purpose of  this study were optimizing hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria by formulating medium for microbial growth so that able to produce biosurfactant, determining optimal composition of microbial  matrix (crude oil, soil, and bulking agent), and testing the consortia and matrix on a landfarming trial. Results of the experiment demonstrated a medium MM2 capable of facilitating the growth of R122-2.3, R122-5 and R122-BN5 consortia. Furthermore, the optimal composition of matrix for bioremediation was 6 : 80 : 14 (crude oil : soil : compost) that having properties  porosity 45%, water holding capacity 45% and bulk density 1.04 g cm-3. Performance testof hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria of R122-BN5 With this landfarming technique a level of TPH from 6,8% could be reduced to less than 1% for 32 days.  Keywords: bioremediation, crude oil, recalcitrant, bacteria, biosurfactant
TOLERANSI LIMA JENIS RUMPUT TERHADAP MINYAK DAN KAPASITAS DEGRADASINYA DALAM SISTEM FITOREMEDIASI
Authors: Priyanto Budhi
Published: January 2019

Sistem fitoremediasi berbasis rumput untuk pengelolaan pencemaran lingkungan di tambang minyak telah diteliti. Lima jenis rumput, yaitu Scirpus grossus, Brachiaria humidicola, Eleusine indica, Paspalum notatum, dan Setaria splendida ditanam pada tanah tercemar minyak lama berkadar 3,1%. Pengaruh cekaman salinitas dievaluasi dengan menambahkan air formasi (850 mg/L TDS) ke dalam tanah. Setelah dua belasminggu, parameter pertumbuhan ditetapkan dan kandungan minyak dalam tanah dianalisis. Hasilnya menunjukkan, bahwa semua jenis rumput dapat tumbuh pada tanah tercemar minyak lama. Di bawah cekaman air formasi, jumlah anakan dan berat kering tunas B. humidicola dan S. splendida jelas tertekan, tetapi panjang akar meningkat. Sebaliknya, berat kering tunas pada S. grossus meningkat di bawah cekaman salinitas. Berat kering akar semua jenis rumput secara nyata berkurang dengan cekaman salinitas. Nisbah berat kering tunas terhadap akar relatif tidak dipengaruhi oleh salinitas. Kegiatan degradasi minyak dipengaruhi oleh cekaman salinitas. Kandungan minyak yang hilang dari tanah berkisar antara 32% hingga 50% pada semua jenis rumput.Kata kunci: pencemaran minyak, fitoremediasi, rumput, air formasi Abstract Experiment to develop a grass based phytoremediation system for environmental management in oil industry has been established in the green house. Five species of grasses, i.e. Scirpus grossus, Brachiaria humidicola, Eleusine indica, Paspalum notatum, dan Setaria splendida, were planted in 6.5 kg oil polluted Semanggi soil (oil content of 3,1%). The effects of salinity were evaluated by adding 800 ml of produced water (850mg/L TDS) to the soil. Growth parameters of the plants and the remaining oil content in the soil were determined in the end of week 12th after planting. The results indicated that all of the grass species are capable of growing well in the polluted soil. However, under the salinity stress, the number of buds on the stolons or rhizomes and the shoot dry weight of B. humidicola and S. splendida are reduced significantly. On the contrary,the root length of the two species is increased; and the shoot dry weight of S. grossus is increased. The root dry weight of all tested species are reduced significantly; however the ratio of shoot dry weight to root dry weight is not influenced by salinity stress. Overall, the oil removal rate from the soil is in the range of 32% to 50%; S. grossus and S. splendida are being the best. The oil degradation activity of the two species is slightly increased under salinity stress condition.Key words: oil polluted soil, phytoremediation, grass, produced water
METABOLISME PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH ORGANIK MELALUI TEKNOLOGI KOMPOSTING DI WILAYAH INTERNAL PERKOTAAN
Authors: Wahyono Sri , Widanarko Sulistyoweni , S. Moersidik Setyo , T. Djajadiningrat Surna
Published: January 2019

Kegiatan komposting sampah kota umumnya tidak berjalan sinambung karena kegagalan pasar, lemahnya dukungan pemerintah, lemahnya manajemen dan ketidaklayakan teknik yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyusun  konsep metabolisme pengelolaan sampah organik melalui teknologi komposting di wilayah internal perkotaan. Metodologi penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kuntitatif dan eksploratif deskriptif melalui analisis matematis, analisis multikriteria pengambilan keputusan, analisis aliran material, dan analisis finansial. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa metabolisme pengelolaan sampah organik melalui teknologi komposting di wilayah internal perkotaan adalah metabolism sistem fisik, sosial, dan ekonomi dari kegiatan pengelolaan sampah organik yang bercirikan metabolisme antropogenik untuk keberlanjutan kota sedang. Kata kunci: Pengelolaan sampah organik, metabolisme, aliran material, komposting, analisis multikriteria. AbstractComposting of municipal solid waste activities generally do not run continuously because of market failure, lack of government support, poor management and inability of the techniques used. This study aims to develop the concept of the metabolism of organic waste management through composting technology in internal urban areas. Theresearch methodology was conducted by the method of quantitative and descriptive explorative through mathematical analysis, multicriteria decision analysis, material flow analysis, and financial analysis. The study concluded that the metabolism of organic waste management through composting technology in internal urban areas is themetabolism system of physical, social, economic and environmental of organic waste management activities characterized by anthropogenic metabolism to the sustainability of medium cities. Key words: Organic waste management, metabolism, material flow, composting, analysis of multicriteria
SELEKSI JAMUR TANAH PENDEGRADASI SELULOSA DAN PESTISIDA DELTAMETHRIN DARI BEBERAPA LINGKUNGAN DI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Subowo Yohanes Bernard
Published: January 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai seleksi jamur tanah pengurai selulosa dan deltamethrin dari beberapa lingkungan di Kalimantan Barat. Tujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh isolat jamur yang mampu menguraikan selulosa dan pestisida deltamethrin.  Sampel tanah diambil dari beberapa lingkungan ekstrim di Kalimantan Barat meliputi: tanah gambut, tanah kering, tanah pantai, tanah pertanian dan tanah mangrove. Setelah dilakukan isolasi diperoleh 79 nomor isolat. Sebanyak 72 isolat dapat membentuk clear zone pada media mengandung CMC 1%. Sejumlah 10 isolat membentuk clear zone  berukuran besar. Jamur Aspergillus niger PS 1.4 dapat tumbuh paling baik pada media mengandung CMC 1% dengan menghasilkan bobot biomassa paling tinggi (0,7 g/L media). Jamur ini mempunyai aktivitas enzim selulase sebesar 0, 127 unit/ ml. Jamur Aspergillus niger PS 1.4 juga tumbuh pada beberapa pestisida: 50mg/L (ppm) Clorpirifos, 50 mg/L Cypermethrin dan 50mg/L Deltamethrin. Jamur Aspergillus niger PS1.4 dapat mendegradasi Deltamethrin sebanyak 90,2% dalam waktu 10 hari. Kata kunci: Aspergillus niger, deltamethrin, jamur tanah, penguraian, selulosa AbstractA research on selection of cellulose and deltamethrin degrading soil fungi from some environments in West Kalimantan had been done. The aim was to obtain isolates of fungi that have a high ability on decomposing cellulose and deltamethrin. The soil sample was taken from some environments in West Kalimantan, included: peatland,heath forest soil, sediment of manggrove, and coastal soil. Seventy two isolates were able to hydrolize CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose). Aspergillus niger PS 1.4 was able to grow fastest among strains tested and yielded highest of mycelium. The fungi has cellulase activity was 0,127 unit/ml and able to grow on some pesticides also, included: 50 ppm Chlorpirifos, 50 ppm Cypermethrin and 50 ppm Deltamethrin. Aspergillus niger PS 1.4 was able to degrade deltamethrin as much as 90,2% in 10 days. Key words: Aspergillus niger, cellulose, deltamethrin, degradation, soil fungi
ENHANCED LANDFILL MINING: KONSEP BARU PENGELOLAAN LANDFILL BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: Wahyono Sri
Published: January 2019

Enhanced landfill mining (ELFM) adalah konsep baru yang terintegrasi tentang recovery material dan energi pada sebuah landfill yang bermanfaat bagi keberlanjutan pengelolaan material dan pengelolaan landfill. Konsep tersebut mengintegrasikan berbagai teknologi seperti teknologi ekskavasi, teknologi pemilahan, teknologi termal, teknologi transformasi dan daur ulang. Hal tersebut juga terintegrasi dengan aspek non teknis seperti aspek regulasi, market, ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan. Konsep ELFM menjadi alternatif solusi permasalahan pengelolaan landfill. Kata Kunci: landfill mining, berkelanjutan AbstractEnhanced landfill mining (ELFM) is a new concept that integrates recovery of materials and energy in a landfill for sustainability of material and landfill management.The concept integrates a variety of technologies such as excavating, sorting, thermal, transformation and recycling technology. It is also integrated with the non-technical aspects such as regulatory, market, economic, social, and environmental aspects. The concept of ELFM can be an alternative solution for the landfill management problem. Keywords: landfill mining, sustainability
ANALISIS PROSES KOMPOSTING PADA PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH BERBASIS MASYARAKAT SKALA KAWASAN (STUDI KASUS DI KOTA DEPOK)
Authors: Sahwan Firman L.
Published: January 2019

Dengan timbulan sampah sebesar 4.265 m3per hari, serta keterbatasan lahan Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA) sampah yang dimiliki, membuat Pemkot Depok melaksanakan program pengelolaan sampah berbasis masyarakatskala kawasan, melalui pembangunan dan pengelolaan Unit Pengolahan Sampah (UPS). Upaya tersebut dijadikan ujung tombak program pengurangan sampah. Keberhasilan ataupun kendala dalam pengelolaan UPS, akan dikaji dengan menggunakan proses komposting sebagai parameter analisis. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan: Potensi produksi kompos yang dihasilkan UPS cukup tinggi yaitu 27,57 ton per hari. Begitu pula potensi sampah organik yang dapat dikurangi sebesar 213,5 m3per hari, setara dengan 5% timbulan sampah per hari di kota Depok. Namun, dibandingkan dengan potensinya, produksi kompos eksisting sebesar 5,099 ton per hari dan eksisting sampah organik terolah sebanyak 40,85 m3per hari,baru setara dengan 20 % dari potensi yang ada. Untuk itu, produksi kompos eksisting masih terbuka untuk ditingkatkan, melalui upaya optimalisasi potensi UPS. Sampai saat ini belum ada UPS yang sudah mandiri. Partisipasi masyarakat masih terbatas pada upaya untuk membawa dan mengumpulkan sampah, selain menjadi tenaga kerja dan koordinator pengelola di UPS. Kata kunci: Pengelolaan sampah berbasis masyarakat skala kawasan, unit pengelolaan sampah, komposting, partisipasi masyarakat. AbstractWith waste generation of 4,265 m3 per day and limited current landfill field (TPA), Depok City Government has been implemented district scale of community-based waste management program through the development and management of Waste Processing Units (UPS). That efforts become the spearheading of waste reduction program. The successor issues in the management ofUPS, will be examined using composting as a process parameter analysis. The research concludes: Potential production of compost produced by UPS is quite high which is 27.57 tons per day. At the same time,the potential oforganic waste that can be reduced was 213.5 m3 per day, equivalent to 5% of waste generation perdayin the city of Depok. However, compared to its potential, the existing compost production is only 5,099 tonnes perday and existing organic waste processed is 40.85 m3 pe rday, which is equivalent to 20% of the existing potential. Hence, the existing compost productionis still can be improved, through the efforts of optimizing the potential of UPS. Until now, there is no independent UPS. Community participation is still limited only to efforts to bring and collect garbage,aside from being the labor and management coordinatorat UPS. Keywords: community-based waste management district scale, waste management units,composting, community participation.
PENGUJIAN TOLERANSI MANGROVE MUDA TERHADAP CEMARAN MINYAK BUMI
Authors: Titiresmi Titiresmi , Handayani Titin
Published: January 2019

Percobaan dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Balai Teknologi Lingkungan, BPPT , PUSPIPTEK Serpong Tangerang pada tahun 2011 . Penelitian ini diambil pada empat spesies mangrove muda (Rhizophora mucronata , Bruguiera sp , Sonneratia sp , dan Avicenia sp ) untuk menentukan dampak subletal dan kelainan pertumbuhan dipengaruhi oleh empat konsentrasi minyak ( 0 % , 10 % , 20 % , dan 30 % ) . Pengukuran dicatat meliputi: survival persen , tingkat pertumbuhan , perkembangan daun , persen defoliasi , jumlah pengembangan cabang , dan setiap pola pertumbuhan yang tidak biasa yang mungkin telah berkembang sebagai akibat dari kontaminasi minyak . Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada yang signifikan relatif kecil minyak terpengaruh. The konsentrasi tertinggi minyak pengobatan tidak mempengaruhi mangrove muda sampai akhir percobaan ini . Rhizophora mucronata menunjukkan mampu menurunkan TPH tertinggi di antara empat spesies mangrove di semua konsentrasi minyak pengobatan. Pengamatan pada enam minggu menunjukkan rata-rata penurunan TPH 38,1 % dari konsentrasi minyak 10 % , 21,1 % dari konsentrasi minyak 20 % dan 21,1 % dari konsentrasi minyak 30 % . Sementara pengamatan pada minggu kedua belas menunjukkan rata-rata penurunan TPH 81,6 % dari konsentrasi minyak 10 % , 69 % konsentrasi  minyak 20 % dan 66 % dari konsentrasi minyak 30 % . Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa bakau muda yang efektif untuk menurunkan hidrokarbon minyak bumi . Kata kunci : polusi minyak , fitoremediasi , bakau , Rhizophora mucronata , Bruguiera sp , Sonneratia sp, Avicenia sp.  AbstractThe experiment were conducted at Green House of Environmental Institute of Technology, BPPT, PUSPIPTEK Serpong Tangerang in 2011. The study were taken on four species of young mangroves (Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera sp, Sonneratia sp, and Avicenia sp) in order to determine any sublethal impact and growth abnormalities affected by four consentration of oil (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%). Measurements recorded include: percent survival, growth rate, leaf development, percent defoliation, number of developing branches, and any unusual growth patterns that may have developed as a result of oil contamination. The results of this study showed that no significant deferent of oil affected. The highest consentration of treatment oil was not affects to young mangrove until the end of this experiment.Rhizophora mucronata showed able to degrade TPH highest among the four mangrove species in all oil concentrations treatment.Observation onsix weeks showed an average of TPH reduction 38.1% of10% oilconcentration, 21.1% of 20% oil concentration and 21.1% of 30% oil concentration.While observations onthe twelfth weeksshowed an average of TPH reduction 81.6% of 10% oil concentration, 69% of 20% oil concentration and 66% of 30% oil concentration. It shows that young mangrove effective to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons. Keywords:oil polution, phytoremediation, mangrove, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera sp, Sonneratia sp, Avicenia sp.
KAJIAN KELAYAKAN EKONOMI RENCANA PEMBANGUNAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH (IPAL) DOMESTIK KOMUNAL SISTEM UASB-DHS DI KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Nugroho Rudi , Rifai Agus
Published: January 2019

Air limbah rumah tangga merupakan salah satu potensi sumber pencemaran lingkungan . Berdasarkan Laporan JICA , 1995 pencemaran lingkungan di Jabodetabek adalah 80 % disebabkan oleh air limbah rumah tangga . Untuk meminimalkan pencemaran lingkungan, air limbah harus diperlakukan sebelum dibuang ke sungai . Masalah yang sering muncul dalam pengelolaan limbah domestik adalah luas lahan terbatas dan dana yang ada untuk membangun fasilitas pengolahan air limbah dan juga biaya operasional yang tinggi . Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, perlu pengembangan biaya rendah teknologi pengolahan air limbah dengan efisiensi penyisihan yang tinggi , mudah dioperasikan dan juga harus kompak . Sebuah teknologi kombinasi Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ( UASB ) dan aliran bawah Hanging Sponge ( DHS ) merupakan pengolahan air limbah ekonomi , mudah dioperasikan dan memiliki efisiensi penyisihan tinggi yaitu 98 % untuk BOD dan 99,8 % untuk bakteri . Namun, untuk membangun fasilitas pengolahan air limbah dengan menggunakan UASB dan teknologi DHS , perlu studi kelayakan . Makalah ini menjelaskan studi kelayakan ekonomi dan sosial dari penerapan teknologi pengolahan air limbah UASB dan DHS di Kota Bogor . Dengan perhitungan manfaat dan rasio biaya ( BCR ) , hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa BCR 2.13 . Ini berarti proyek pengolahan air limbah UASB dan DHS di Kota Bogor adalah layak. Kata kunci : air limbah rumah tangga , anaerobik selimut lumpur, studi sosial ekonom  AbstractDomestic wastewater is one of the potential sources of environment pollution. Based on the JICA Report, 1995 the environmental pollution in Jabodetabek was 80% caused by the domestic wastewater. To minimize the environmental pollution, the wastewater have to be treated before discharge to river. Problem which often emerge in management of domestic waste is the limited land area and existing fund to built a wastewater treatment facility and also the high operating cost. To overcome these problems, it needs development of low cost wastewater treatment technology with high removal efficiency, easy to operate and also should be compact. A combination technology of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and Downflow Hanging Sponge (DHS) represents an economic wastewater treatment, easy to operate and has high removal efficiency that is 98% for BOD and 99,8% for bacterium. However, to build the wastewater treatment facility by using the UASB and DHS technology, it needs a feasibility study. This paper explains an economic and social feasibility study of application the UASB and DHS wastewater treatment technology at Bogor City. By the calculation of benefit and cost ratio (BCR), the result shows that the BCR is 2.13. It means the UASB and DHS wastewater treatment project at Bogor City was feasible.
KAJIAN PEMANFAATAN POTENSI SUMBERDAYA AIR DI KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG
Authors: Tjahjono Hendra , Wibowo Kusno , Komarawidjaja Wage
Published: January 2019

Air, baik air tanah maupun air permukaan merupakan sumber kehidupan yang tidak dapat tergantikan oleh apa pun dan tanpa air, manusia, hewan dan tanaman tidak akan dapat hidup terutama sebagai air minum. Tetapi dalam pemanfaatannya, masih banyak yang tidak sesuai dengan peruntukannya ataupun mempergunakan sampai diluar batas, sehingga disatu sisi banyak yang terbuang dengan sia-sia tetapi dilain sisi banyak yang membutuhkan. Penggunaan air selama dasa warsa terakhir ini meningkat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain oleh kegiatan manusia yang semakin bervariasi, pertambahan jumlah penduduk yang meningkat, maka jumlah air untuk kebutuhan manusia juga meningkat dan hal ini berpengaruh terhadap kualitas air. Selain itu juga berpengaruh terhadap keterbatasan air dan kondisi alam. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu system pengelolaan air yang sangat baik dengan memperhatikan akan kondisi alam dan ketersediaan akan air sehingga tercapai suatu pengelolaan yang sesuai dengan tata kelola air. Kata kunci : air, pengelolaan air, lingkungan AbstractWater, both ground water and surface water is the source of life that can not be replaced by anything and without water, people, animals and plants will not be able to live.But in its utilization, there are still many who are not as intended or use to beyond the limit, so that on one hand many are wasted in vain, but on the other side of the many in need. Use of water during the last decade has increased due to several factors, among others,by human activities increasingly varied, the number of population increases, the amount of water for human needs has also increased and this contributes to water quality. It also affects the limitations of water and natural conditions. It required a water management system is very good with attention to natural condition sand the availability of water in order to reach an appropriate management of the water governance and the availability of clean wateris needed.  Keywords: water, water management, environment
LANDFILL GAS FOR ENERGY: ITS STATUS AND PROSPECT IN INDONESIA
Authors: Kardono Kardono
Published: January 2019

Indonesia, a nation with more than 230 million population, is the world’s largest archipelagic state located between Asia and Australia continents. In 2000, the production of municipal solid waste (MSW) or refuse in 384 Indonesian cities was about 80,235 tons or 320,940 m3 per day. Refuse generation is predicted to increase five times by 2020. Waste composition is influenced by external factors, such as geographical location, the population’s standard of living, energy source, and weather. Generally, ahigh percentage of organic matter of refuse is between 61 and 72 per cent by weight. The presence of paper, plastic, glass, and metal ranges from 0.4 to 13 per cent. The current handling of refuse in Indonesia is mostly used the disposal land of unhealthy landfill in the form of open dumping. Around 450 units of open dumping have been in operation in Indonesian big cities. These open dumping landfills cause some problems ranging from odor to health problems. Center of Environmental Technology, BPPT has been preparing to carry out landfill mining both for its compost and gas. The gassampling must be done first before it is pumped for energy use. The gas is suggested to be utilized for generating energy, for example for electricity. Initial test indicated that the composition of methane gas (CH4) is around 50%, which is a good enough for energy generation. If the percentage of burnable gas is too low to be used for generating electric energy, it might be mixed with high content of heating value of natural gas (dual fuel system). This paper will present the conditions of open dumping of landfill inIndonesia, and the status and the distribution of its containing gas. From this knowledge of the amount and distribution of landfill gas, it will be analyzed for suggestion how the mined gas will be suitably utilized by the people.
POTENSI KETERSEDIAAN AIR TANAH DI DESA LIMO KECAMATAN SALIMPAUNG KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR - SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Garinas Wahyu
Published: January 2019

Ground water potential map showed that the Salimpaung in Tanah Datar District has very low water resources potential. Deep and shallow water resources were found in some places and in a limited area.Interpretation of imaging resistivity showed that water resources potential lies in P1 and P2 layers. This layers were found in 90 to 150 meters to the south of the mosque. The potential layer was found between 10 to 30 meter depth and thickness between 5 to 25 meter and lies in observation point between 50 – 125 meter. Water resources at layer P1, P2, P3 and P4 has medium to low potential and the water layers was interpreted as water trap above the rock layer. The other water resources potential were found at P5, P6 and P7, at 90 – 150 meter to the north of the mosque. The potensial aquifer lies beneath hard rock at depth 40 to 60 meter.
PENERAPAN ENZIM UNTUK PENYAMAKAN KULIT RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Pawiroharsono Suyanto
Published: January 2019

Leather industries contribute significant problems due to the hazard wastes, that threat to environmental sustainability and to human health. The negative impacts are particularly caused by the chemical compounds used in the conventional process of the leather tannery, such as lime, sodium sulphide, chrome, etc. Enzyme is protein compound from biological system, that acts as catalyst (bio-catalyst). Enzyme can be used to replace partly or complete the chemicals used in tannery processes. Recently, micro-organisms are considered a appropriate device to produce enzymes. Furthermore, it is necessary to select potential micro-organisms for enzyme production.“Exolite”, that is first enzyme produced in pilot scale in Indonesia, proved to reduce significantly pollutant in waste of leather tannery industries. Therefore, the development of enzyme industry in Indonesia is needed to be supported.
PENELITIAN EKOLOGI NEPENTHES DI LABORATORIUM ALAM HUTAN GAMBUT SABANGAU KERENG BANGKIRAI KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Mansur Muhammad
Published: January 2019

Ecological studies on Nepenthes at Peat Swamps Forest Natural Laboratory, Kereng Bangkirai Sabangau, Central Kalimantan, was conducted on April to May, 2006. Survey method used for to known diversity of Nepenthes in study site and we made four small plots for population measurement. As the result, three species and one natural hybrid were founded, such as; Nepenthes gracilis, N. rafflesiana, N. ampullaria and N.xhookeriana. In study site, Nepenthes gracilis is wider distribution than other species, they can grow at open, rather shaded or shaded area and they have high density at open area. While, N. rafflesiana , N. ampullaria and N.xhooekeriana commonly foundedat rather shaded area or shaded area
BIOKONVERSI KARBONDIOKSIDA UNTUK BAHAN BAKU INDUSTRI
Authors: Suwahyono Untung
Published: January 2019

From the stand point of carbon dioxide cycle on global warming, the conversion of CO2 into various useful carbonic material compound is one solution. Using natural energy sources such as LNG and cole may contribute to CO2 removal in the atmosphere. As one of feasible measure though CO2 is final oxidized product of carbon containing reaction have been proposed and investigate. Biological proces have to developed, CO2 was efectivly converted to methan, acetat, and raw material for plastic degradable.
PRODUKSI DAN FORMULASI BIOINSEKTISIDA DARI PROPAGUL AKTIF JAMUR BEAUVERIA BASSANIA
Authors: Suwahyono Untung
Published: January 2019

Beauveria bassiana is a well known entomopathogenic fungus that has been widely used for biocontrol of many economically important pest of crops. Production technology for massive production of bioinsecticide B. bassiana still using liquid fermentation. Product formulation is the critical stage for producing bioinsecticide B. bassiana, since its success indicator is the contain of viable propagules in the final product after long period of storage. The aim of this study is to assess the optimal production of biomass and formulation of bioinsecticide B. bassiana. Result showed that the best production technology of bioinsecticide B. bassiana is by liquid fermentation, as an innovative method aimed to reduce the production cost. Assessment of formulation of bioinsecticide B. bassiana showed that formulation using simple raw materials to make a pasta without filler is the best choice to be further developed.
MITIGASI DAERAH RAWAN TANAH LONGSOR MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK PEMODELAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS; STUDI KASUS: KECAMATAN SUMEDANG UTARA DAN SUMEDANG SELATAN
Authors: Mubekti Mubekti
Published: January 2019

Landslide is the main natural disaster in the study area of North Sumedang and South Sumedang sub-districts. The spatial distribution of landslide hazard and risk are not available yet that important for decision making. The aim of research is to providegeographic information system technology for developing a model for landslide hazard mitigation. The results show that a part of the area in the North Sumedang and South Sumedang subdistrict has moderate class covering 8.460,41 Ha (65,5%) and high landslide hazard is covering 2.798,44 Ha (21,67%), low landslide hazard zone = 1.570,25 Ha (12,16%) and very low landslide hazard 85,69 Ha (0,66%). By combining landslide hazard and property value, a prediction of landslide risk was produced. Despite the majority of the area has low risk class (9.564,16 Ha/74,07%), but the highrisk area occurred in minimal places (86,44 Ha/0,67%). This phenomena showed that area with high potential level of landslide hazard is not always having a high value of risk. Since the risk calculation is determined by properties value such as:infrastructure, road network and land use. While the landslide hazardous level is determined by natural factors such as : slope, soil type, geology and land use.
PENERAPAN SIG UNTUK PENYUSUNAN DAN ANALISIS LAHAN KRITIS PADA SATUAN WILAYAH PENGELOLAAN DAS AGAM KUANTAN, PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Nugroho Sutopo Purwo
Published: January 2019

The increment of critical land extent is still undergoing because of change of land use without accompanied with conservation of land and water proportionally. Hence, it is need to carry out rehabilitation of land and forest by considering critical land map which is purposed to define priority scale, both its spatial and time. By applying technology of Geographic Information System (GIS), it can be mapped critical land according to standard of critical land criteria. In addition, the constraint of manual map can be reduced, particularly in information processing and map reproduction. In Agam Kuantan Watershed, critical land of forest has extent of 778.704,2 ha, and outside there area is about 496.486,7 ha.
LIMBAH GERGAJI KAYU SEBAGAI BAHAN FORMULA MEDIA JAMUR SHIITAKE (LENTINULA EDODES)
Authors: Widyastuti Netty
Published: January 2019

The sawdust can be utilized as mushroom formulation medium , like shiitake (Lentinus edodes /Lentinula edodes). The antitumor properties of lentinus are attributed to the presence of polysaccharide lentinan. Lentinan can be utilized as reducing diabetes, and effective to againts influenza virus. Usually, Albazia falcataria sawdust were utilized by mushroom growers in Indonesia. Optimum temperature for shiitake growth is 24oC and pH4.7 – 4.8 (mycelium phase), 20oC and pH 4.2 – 4.6.(fruit body phase). The elevation for best cultivation is 800 – 1000 m above sea level, humudity almost 95 – 100%. Ifused log system, shiitake will be harvested after 2-3 months fruiting bodies were produced. Biological efficiency (BER) was 45%.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PENGELOLAAN PERMUKIMAN DI KAWASAN PINGGIRAN METROPOLITAN (STUDI KASUS: KORIDOR JALAN CIRENDEU, KABUPATEN TANGERANG)
Authors: Heripoerwanto Eko D
Published: January 2019

People who were seeking housing in relatively good environment in the fringe area of metropolitant have found themselves experiencing the negative impact of continuing suburban sprawl and housing growth, especially when basic infrastructures and urban services are insufficient. Together with the increasingenvironmental pressure caused by traffic jam and pollution, all of these condition have absolutely been lowering their amenities, then in turn their quality of life. The problems are whether is there any lack of specific steps in formulating the policy and if not, is there any gap beetween knowledge and action in implementingthe policy? This research tries to reveal what exactly the needed processes andntype of strategic planning are to produce to make a Sustainable SettlementnManagement System Modelling possible. The research intended to establish policy model through soft system methodology (SSM), which is considered the most suitable approach to this area, that is characterized by the interwoven ofunstructured problems involving multisectors, multiactors, and multidisciplines. The findings of the research are the need of a better processes in public policy formulation upon the fringe areas of metropolitan, by involving knowledgable persons. Using this mechanism, the research come to the conclusion that astrong policy on developing infrastructure and transportation as well as the provision of social-public facilities within walking distance in an integrated way with the development of housing and settlement in order to maintain the level of amenities are needed. In addition to these findings, community-based organization,such as home-owner asssociation, has to be established in order to allow a bigger room for community participation in implementing the public policy.
PENELITIAN SUMBER AIR BERSIH BAWAH TANAH DI PULAU FLORES
Authors: Edyanto CB Herman
Published: January 2019

One of the most important of human life is water. Water may provide easily in certain areas , however, some parts in the world are still being suffered from the lack of fresh water. In eastern part of Indonesia for example people found the source of water several kilometers from their home and meet their basic need for their life. This research was executed in Flores Island to identify and explore the underground water which might be trapped under the town of Ende.
TINGKAT FILTRASI RUMPUT LAUT (GRACILARIA SP) TERHADAP KANDUNGAN ORTOFOSFAT (P2O5)
Authors: Komarawidjaja Wage
Published: January 2019

The Concern of this study is to understand Gracilaria sp. function in biofiltration process as a way in removing exceeding nutrient.Laboratory analysis indicated that Gracilaria sp has the ability to reduce organic substance as orthophosphate in see water up to range 0.0082 -00.0149 ppm/days. Application of Gracilaria in waste water filtrattion is expected to be an alternative approach in shrimp pond waste water treatment.
KONSERVASI LAHAN MELALUI PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA LORONG (ALLEY CROPPING) DI DAERAH TRANSMIGRASI KURO TIDUR, BENGKULU
Authors: Kasiran Kasiran
Published: January 2019

The research of land productivity through the application of alley cropping has been carried out in transmigration area Kuro Tidur, Bengkulu. The research was done continously within three planting seasons, from 1997 to 1998. The results of the research showed that Flemengia congesta as a fence crop or hedgerows was beneficial. The returning of organic matter from prunning of the hedgerows into the soil can conserve the soil through improvement of nutrients availability, increasing pH, decreasing availability of aluminium (Al) by chelate formation. The effect of dolomit 2,5 ton/ha and organic matter 5,0 ton/ha will increase soy beans production 28,9 % and increase corn production 33,1 %. The effect of dolomit 2,5 ton/ha and organic matter 10,0 ton/ha will increase soy beans production 38,6 % and increase corn production 54,9 %.
STUDI EFEK PENGGUNAAN BIODIESEL TERHADAP EMISI PADA SEKTOR TRANSPORTASI DI JAKARTA
Authors: Wirawan Soni S
Published: January 2019

Biodiesel has been proven by world wide numerous studies as an environmental friendly alternative diesel fuel. Biodiesel is essentially sulfur free. Engines fueled by biodiesel emit significantly fewer particulates, hydrocarbons and less carbon monoxide than that operating conventional diesel fuel. The maximum utilizationof biodiesel in Indonesia could improve the air quality level in major cities especially in Jakarta. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of biodiesel utilization in transportation sector to the air pollution level in Jakarta. The targeted emission in the study are carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx),hydrocarbons (HC), sulfur oxides (SOx) and particulate matter (PM) from vehicle sources. The scenarios used in this study are the utilization of B10 in 2010 and increased to B20 in 2015, B30 in 2020 and B50 in 2025 as an automotive diesel fuel substitution in Jakarta. The result showed that the utilization of biodieselcould improve the air quality level in Jakarta, especially on SO2 and PM emission. By using B10 in 2010, the emission of SO2 and PM will decrease 7,95% (2.070 ton) and 15,62% (1.680 ton) respectively compared to utilizing of pure fossil automotive diesel oil. The highest emission improvement was shown on B50 in2025 scenario. The reduction of SO2 and PM was reached 35,69% (16.660 ton) and 23,21% (4.360 ton) respectively.
DINAMIKA PERUBAHAN TEMPERATUR DAN REDUKSI VOLUME LIMBAH DALAM PROSES PENGOMPOSAN (STUDI KASUS PENGOMPOSAN DI RPH CAKUNG – JAKARTA TIMUR)
Authors: Wahyono Sri
Published: January 2019

The goal of this research is to study the dynamics changing of temperature, weight and volume of wastes during composting process in Cakung Slaughterhouse. The composting process was done using windrow system for 65 days. Windrow was turned mechanically using compost turning machine once a week. Composition of input wastes was calculated based on its volume and specific weight. Regularly, windrows were measured of their volume, weight and temperature. The composting shows that weight and volume reduction was exponentially done in the two of the first weeks. The temperature also exponentially increased in that time. Those indicated that the increasing of metabolisms and development of microbiology during composting process. Weight and volume reduction reached about 80 percent, and their temperature reached above 55oC during first weeks. The dynamics changing of the temperature and volume/weight reduction was the key parameter for evaluating composting process.
KONSERVASI PIPER MINIATUM Bl. DENGAN PERBANYAKAN CARA PERUNDUKAN;EKSTRAKSI DAN UJI AKTIFITAS ANTIRADIKAL BEBAS DPPH, DAN ANTIDIABETIK
Authors: Priyono Sumarnie Hasto
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the potency of Piper miniatum as medicinal plant and its propagation method. Extraction and bioassays test (antioxidant activity by DPPH method and antidiabetes by á- glucocidase test) were done. Propagationwas done by bending the internodes at different maturity (R1, R2, R3) and growth medium (compost artificial, mixed husk, forest compost and soil as control treatment).The experimental design in this study was Complete Block Design, with 10 replication. The result showed that forest compost had positive respons to numberof shoot, number of new internodes, and number of leaves on R1, R2 and R3. Old internode showed positive effect at mixed husk growth medium to number of shoots (19), emergence of new internodes (21). New seedling/plantlet were obtained 4 weeksearlier at bending treatment than that of stem cutting. Bioassays test showed that methanol extract of P. miniatum had no- free radical scavenger activity but very active on á-glukocidase inhibition with LC50 for leaves and mixed of leaves and stem were 0.82 and10.75 respectively.
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON NEPENTHES AT BARITO ULU, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
Authors: Mansur Muhammad
Published: January 2019

Ecological studies on the Nepenthes species at Barito Ulu, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia were conducted between August 2005 and September 2006. Surveys and two small plot inventories were used to determine the diversity and population of Nepenthes at the study site. We found eight Nepenthes species around the BaritoUlu study area: N. albomarginata, N. ampullaria, N. gracilis, N. hirsuta, N. rafflesiana, N. reinwardtiana, N. stenophylla, and N. hispida. Plot A was dominated by N. rafflesiana with one other species found; whilst in plot B we found five species but it was also dominated by N. rafflesiana. In plot A, the one year stem length growth rate of N. albomarginata was faster than N. rafflesiana (5.0 and 3.5 cm respectively). While in plot B, N. gracilis (21.7 cm) and N. reinwardtiana (13.1 cm) showed faster growth rates than N. albomarginata (5.2 cm), N. rafflesiana (7.0 cm) and N. stenophylla (8.5 cm). Generally, the habitat of Nepenthes in the study site is heath forest.
PEMANFAATAN POTENSI TENAGA AIR DI SALURAN IRIGASI BANJARCAHYANA, KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA, PROPINSI JAWA TENGAH SEBAGAI USAHA PENGURANGAN EMISI GAS RUMAH KACA
Authors: Febijanto Irhan
Published: January 2019

This study was conducted by collaboration between BPPT, Chugoku Electric Power, and PT Indonesia Power and funded by GEC (Japan-Geo Environment Center). The study was started on August 2005, and finished on September 2006. The purpose of the study was to explore the unutilized potentials micro hydro power plants (MHPP) in Banjarcahyana irrigation channel. These sites are located at south eastern of Banjarnegara city. Development of these MHPP will be planned put into Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), therefore operation of these power generation would be calculated to reduce global warming effects. According to the study result, it was found eight locations having potential to build as MHPP. The development of the project economically feasible estimated could reduce 17,252 t-CO2 of Green House Gas Effect annually. This study also provides new emission coefficient factor for electricity grid system of Jawa Bali Madura (JAMALI).
The Analysis Of Attenuation Coefficient And Acoustic Impedance Of Ceiling Panel Using Impedance Chamber Method
Authors: Putramulyo Satriogi , Wirawan Rahadi , Alaa Siti , Qomariyah Nurul
Published: January 2019

The purposed of this research is to determine the attenuation coefficient and acoustic impedance of ceiling panel like plywood, calsiboard and bamboo woven. The influence thickness, paint coated, air cavity increment of the attenuation coefficient and acoustic impedance of these ceiling panel are also mesured. The impedance chamber method with range of frequency 100 Hz – 5000 Hz are used here. The result shows that the average of attenuation coefficient for plywood panel, calsiboard panel and bamboo woven panel are 0,37 Npmm-1, 0,62 Npmm-1 and 0,28 Npmm-1 respectively. In addition, the acoustic impedance of these panel is 1,33 x 106 kgm-2s-1, 3,74 x 106 kgm-2s-1 and 1,15 x 106 kgm-2s-1. The attenuation coefficient is decreased with the increasing thickness of the panel and the same trend is founded of the acoustic impedance. Meanwhile, the paint coated can increase attenuation coefficient and acoustic impedance. For the air cavity increment ceiling panel, the attenuation coefficient and acoustic impedance are less than the solid panel.
Comparison between the open and minimally invasive repair technique in acute Achilles tendon injuries
Authors: Primo de Araujo João Paulo , Mota Garcia Moreno Marcus Vinicius , De Souza Guimarães Janice , Torres Gomes Marilton Jorge , Marçal Vieira Túlio Eduardo , Souza Jalil Vitor
Published: January 2019

Objective: To compare the functional results of patients submitted to open repair of the Achilles tendon in relation to those treated with the minimally invasive technique using PARS, with a minimum period of 1 year, as well as the complication index of the two techniques. Methods: Between 2011 and 2016, 31 patients were reviewed, including 20 cases (10 PARS X 10 Open technique). Patients with chronic Achilles tendon rupture, insertional or bilaterial, patients with a history of surgery or previous ankle pathology that could mask the functional results were excluded. The open technique was performed through a posteromedial incision to the ankle, repairing the tendon associated with the myotendinous transfer of the flexor hallucis longus, which was fixed with a biotenodetic screw. The minimally invasive technique was performed with the PARS (percutaneous Achilles repair system) of the company Arthrex, through a small transverse incision on the site of rupture of the Achilles tendon. Functional outcomes and complications were collected after at least 1 year of follow-up. Results: Both groups presented similar AOFAS scores (PARS: 95.3 ± 5.1, Open: 96.5 ± 5.1, P=0.604), showing similar functional results. Regarding the complications, the PARS obtained a greater number of complications in relation to the Open technique (PARS: 20% X Open: 10%), but without statistical relevance (P=0.383). Conclusion: We conclude that for the treatment of acute Achilles tendon injuries, the PARS and Aberta techniques have similar functional results after 1 year of follow-up. Level of Evidence IV; Therapeutic Studies; Cases Series.
Educate and practice
Authors: Mizusaki Jorge Mitsuo
Published: January 2019

The participation of our board review through evaluations of the articles submitted to our journal has been instrumental in the formation of the critical mass of foot and ankle surgeons centers.

It becomes important in the process of academic refinement of this new generation of thinkers who should implement the technical, scientific, professional and ethical development of future surgeons in the foot and ankle area.

One aspect that has stood is the need to plan the preparation of all forms of presentation of an article. Ideally, would be prospective projects with randomization, when pertinent and that would increase the position of the researcher and also our journal. It should be noted that it is available online, with easy access to all interested parties. Certainly, among our goals are the dissemination of our technical skills, our ability to create solutions, which vary point to point in our extensive territory. Efforts are made available to all medical classes. 

The characteristic of the foot heath care has demanded integrated multiprofessional actions, and this condition includes the treatment of diabetic feet. Nowadays, the orthopedic surgeon still acts late in these issues, however through the research and publication of papers they can act in a more close, intense andpreventive way, so that the health conditions of the individuals are evaluated, protected and understood as educational actions, basic citizenship. In this way We can control, prevent deformities and catastrophic situations that affect the individual and his social environment. The actions we are developing through stimulating science is one of the pillars of Brazilian Foot and Ankle Society.

We have the opportunity to provide in this fourth number of volume 12, articles that refer us to the need to integrate the multi-professional care sectors, both in public and supplementary health for people with chronic diseases such as diabetes and degenerative and rheumatic diseases. It is time to think about integrated solutions that match our professional needs; to modern and effective best practices acting as a scientific association in line with the needs of the Brazilian citizen.

The wind blows favourably. Have a great reading in this period of Christmas reflections.

Jorge Mitsuo MizusakiEditor-in-chief