bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENTS (TGT) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PPKN SISWA KELAS 1 SD NEGERI 004 TERATAK BULUH
Authors: Suwarni Ninik
Published: February 2019

Hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PPKN siswa kelas 1 SD Negeri 004 Teratak Buluh masih rendah. Pembelajaran PPKN selama ini berlangsung hanya berpusat kepada guru yang menyampaikan materi dengan metode ceramah. Guru belum mampu memilih model pembelajaran dengan memerhatikan materi pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa. Pemilihan model pembelajaran yang belum tepat belum mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar PPKN siswa. Untuk itu dilakukan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) usaha untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar PPKN Siswa dengan penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournaments (TGT).  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar PPKN siswa kelas 1 SD Negeri 004 Teratak Buluh. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis PTK yang bersifat kualitatif deskriptif. PTK ini dilaksanakan di SD. Negeri 004 Teratak Buluh Kecamatan Siak Hulu Kabupaten Kampar. Subjek Penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 1 SD. Negeri 004 Teratak Buluh yang terdiri dari 23 orang siswa. Waktu PTK dilaksanakan pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2017/2018, yaitu bulan Agustus sampai dengan bulan Oktober 2017. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan lembar observasi guru, lembar aktivitas siswa, dan hasil belajar siswa. Perangkat pembelajaran terdiri dari silabus, dan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Setelah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT dilaksanakan, Rata-rata peningkatan persentase aktivitas guru pada siklus pertama pertemuan (1 dan 2) adalah 62,50%. Kemudian meningkat pada pertemuan (3 dan 4) menjadi 68,70% dengan peningkatan 6,25 %. Siklus kedua pertemuan (5 dan 6) mengalami peningkatan menjadi 78,13% dengan peningkatan 9, 38% dan pertemuan (7 dan 8) meningkat menjadi 84, 38% dengan peningkatan sebesar 6,25%.  Rata-rata peningkatan rata-rata aktivitas siswa pada siklus pertama pertemuan (1 dan 2) adalah 68,70 %. Kemudian meningkat pada pertemuan (3 da 4) menjadi 78,13% yang dengan peningkatan 9,38%. Siklus kedua pertemuan (6 dan 7) adalah 81,25% meningkat pada pertemuan (8 dan 9) menjadi 87,50%  dengan peningkatan sebesar 6,25%. Penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT dalam proses pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar PPKN siswa dari skor dasar ke siklus pertama yaitu  dari rata-rata 53 menjadi 70 dengan peningkatan sebesar 17 poin dan peningkatan hasil belajar  dari siklus pertama ke siklus kedua yaitu dari rata-rata 70 menjadi 80 dengan peningkatan sebesar  10 poin. Dari hasil PTK dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model Pembelajaran Kooperatif  Tipe Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) dapat meningkatkan Hasil Belajar PPKN  Siswa Kelas I  SDN 004 Teratak Buluh Kecamatan Siak Hulu Kabupaten Kampar tahun ajaran 2017/2018.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE LATIHAN SIAP SISWA KELAS I C SD NEGERI 164 PEKANBARU
Authors: Nurzaili Nurzaili
Published: February 2019

This research is classroom action research or classroom action research. The problem dealt with was from the low ability to complete thecount operations of grade I C SD Negeri 164 Pekanbaru. This learning problem is overcome by applying ready training methods. Theresearch aims to improve the ability of students to learn mathematics by applying ready training methods. Based on the results of researchand actions that by applying training methods are ready to be able to significantly improve learning outcomes in the IC SD Negeri 164Pekanbaru. Before the action is taken, the classical average value is 45.25, or unfavorably; in the first cycle to 61.25 or enough; and thesecond cycle becomes 81.50 or good. Before the action was carried out, students who completed their study at KKM 70 were only 13students or 32.50%; the first cycle becomes 22 students or 61.25%: and in the second cycle becomes 37 students or 92.50%. Based on theobservations of first-grade students of C SD Negeri 164 Pekanbaru, they seemed to understand the Ready Exercise Method and they couldwork independently in learning. The use of training methods is ready to successfully overcome the problem of the low mathematics learningoutcomes of students in the IC class of SD Negeri 164 Pekanbaru in the second cycle.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL PEMBELAJARAN SBDP MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD PADA SISWA KELAS I DI SD NEGERI 001 DESA BARU KECAMATAN SIAK HULU KABUPATEN KAMPAR
Authors: Marladiana Marladiana
Published: February 2019

This research is a classroom action research conducted in SD Negeri 011 Desa Baru. The study applied the Cooperative type STAD learning model. The subjects of this study were students in the class I SD Negeri 011 Desa Baru. The results showed that the SBDP learning outcomes had increased. This is seen from the increase in the aspect of knowledge (cognitive) of 15.7% with the final value of class 85.2 and included in the excellent category. Then in the aspect of skills (psychomotor) an increase of 7.38% with a final grade average of 81.4 and included in the good category. Furthermore, in the aspect of attitude (effective), there was an increase of 11.04% with the average grade of the final class 80.4 and included in the good category.
ANALISIS KERENTANAN BENCANA LONGSOR DI LERENG GUNUNG WILIS KABUPATEN NGANJUK
Authors: Fitria Lulu Mari
Published: February 2019

Bencana longsor yang terjadi di Lereng Gunung Wilis Kabupaten Nganjuk meliputi Desa Ngetos dan Sawahan. Bencana longsor yang terdapat di Lereng Gunung Wilis tersebut telah mengakibatkan kerugian baik materi maupun jiwa. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk menilai tingkat kerentanan bencana longsor di Lereng Gunung Wilis Kabupaten Nganjuk. Penilaian faktor-faktor yang menjadi variabel tingkat kerentanan ini dilakukan dengan metode impact assessment. Analisis tingkat kerentanan bencana longsor dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode overlay. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kerentanan diketahui bahwa kerentanan bencana longsor dinilai berdasarkan kerentanan fisik, kerentanan sosial, kerentanan ekonomi, dan kerentanan lingkungan. Tingkatan kerentanan bencana longsor dibagi menjadi tiga tingkatan yakni ringan, sedang, berat.  Kata kunci: longsor, kerentanan, fisik, sosial, ekonomi, lingkungan
Model Granulometri Endapan Awan Panas Merapi Tahun 2010 Di Kecamatan Cangkringan, Kabupaten Sleman
Authors: Pandita Hita
Published: February 2019

Analisis granuolometri pada proses sedimentasi dapat memberikan gambaran tentang mekanisme sedimentasi tersebut. Luncuran awan panas Merapi tahun 2010 telah mengejutkan sejumlah pakar kebencanaan. Hal ini dikarenakan jangkauannya luncuran yang mampu mencapai 13 km dari puncak Merapi. Karena itu luncuran tersebut menarik untuk dikaji sebagai model bagi pemahaman sejarah luncuran awan panas masa lampau. Salah satu model yang dapat disusun adalah karakteristik granulometrinya. Lokasi yang menarik adalah dari luncuran awan panas tahun 2010 yaitu di desa Argomulyo dan Kepuharjo, Kecamatan Cangkringan. Metode penelitian berupa penyelidikan lapangan dan analisis granulometri di laboratorium. Hasil penyelidikan menunjukkan ukuran diameter fragmen antara 2 sampai 20 cm,dengan distribusi mencapai 40%. Distribusi ukuran butiran ke arah hilir menunjukkan sortasi yang lebih buruk. Model granulometri secara keseluruhan didominasi arus saltasi.
FILTER ADAPTIF GPS PADA SISTEM DOWNLINK DATA
Authors: Basukesti Agus
Published: February 2019

GPS (Global Positioning System)  adalah sebuah sistem yang digunakan untuk navigasi dan posisi dengan bantuan 32 satelit yang mengitari bumi. Satelit GPS memancarkan gelombang radio untuk mengaktifkan receiver gps yang ada di bumi untuk menentukan lokasi yang tepat, kecepatan dan waktu untuk semua kondisi cuaca. GPS saat ini memiliki peran yang cukup vital dalam navigasi pesawat tanpa awak. Akan tetapi gps memiliki banyak noise sehingga diperlukan filter untuk mengatasi noise pada GPS. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan sebuah simulasi algoritma adaptif dalam mengekstrak data dari sensor GPS. Metode yang digunakan adalah kalman filter. Dari hasil identifikasi dan simulasi yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa algoritma adaptif yang dirancang dapat bekerja dengan baik dan perlu diimplementasikan pada sistem downlink yang dirancang. Dari hasil simulasi didapatkan bahwa error dari argoritma memiliki sifat konvergen yaitu semakin lama semakin mengecil.
ANALISIS PPenentuan Nilai Mutu Air Permukaan Pada Lahan Pasca Tambang Rakyat Kabupaten Katingan Provinsi Kalimantan TengahENGARUH KADAR DEBU TERHADAP KESEHATAN PEKERJA
Authors: Adnyano A.A Inung Arie
Published: February 2019

Pertambangan emas rakyat tanpa ijin (PETI) di wilayah Hampalit, Kabupaten Katingan menyisakan bentang alam dan lubang bekas tambang yang tergenang air. Penggunaan merkuri (Hg) dalam proses pengolahan emas (amalgamasi) dapat mencemari lingkungan dan sangat berbahaya jika dalam kondisi terlarut. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui kondisi air permukaan terhadap kandungan Hg terlarut pasca tambang emas  rakyat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling method, pada 4 titik sampling. Sampel 1 Hg = 0,000541 mg/l; sampel 2 Hg = 0,00211 mg/l; sampel 3 = Hg = 0,00017 mg/l; sampel 4 Hg 0,00105 mg/l. Nilai Ambang batas Hg pada air limbah tambang emas adalah maksimum 0,005 mg/l dan untuk air minum adalah 0,001 mg/l. Indeks Pencemaran Air = 1,776387. Sehingga berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No. 115 tahun 2003, status mutu air lokasi penelitian adalah tercemar ringan. Upaya pengelolaan air limbah pasca tambang emas rakyat adalah dengan pembuatan kolam pengendapan, penggunaan zeolit sebagai penyerap Hg dalam air, fitoremidiasi dan pemantauan baku mutu air. Kata kunci : pertambangan, emas, amalgamasi, merkuri, air permukaan.
HYDROCHEMISTRY OF GROUNDWATER IN GEYER, GROBOGAN PROVINCE, CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Listiyani R.A. T.
Published: February 2019

The demand of clean water as well as good quality of drinking water in research area puss the author for knowing about groundwater quality in research area. The aim of the research is to understand the hydrochemistry of groundwater in study area, includinghydrochemical processes and the influence of minerals or rocks to groundwater quality. The methods in the research are groundwater and rocks sampling, petrography and also groundwater’s chemical analysis.Result of this study shows that groundwater quality in Geyer area is influenced by minerals and rocks in that place with dissolution and ions exchange would be important processes. Minerals which composed rocks are dominated by calcareous and clay minerals. These minerals supply chemical components such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl-, carbonate and bicarbonate to groundwater.  Key words: hydrochemistry, groundwater, hydrochemical process, major ion.
Pemetaan Tingkat Resiko Gempa Bumi Berdasarkan Data Mikrotremor Di Kotamadya Denpasar, Bali
Authors: Prabowo Urip Nurwijayanto
Published: February 2019

Kotamadya Denpasar dan sekitarnya termasuk dalam kawasan subduksi lempeng Indo-Australia terhadap lempeng Eurasia sehingga  merupakan daerah yang memiliki potensi kerusakan yang tinggi akibat gempa bumi. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan untuk memetakan daerah yang memiliki potensi mengalami kerusakan akibat gempa bumi di Kotamadya Denpasar dan sekitarnya berdasarkan data pengukuran mikrotremor yang diolah menggunakan metode HVSR. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data pengukuran mikrotremor 3 komponen tahun 2014 yang direkam sebanyak 176 titik menggunakan seismometer Mark tipe L4C-3D. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kotamadya Denpasar dan sekitarnya memiliki nilai frekuensi dominan tanah berkisar antara 1,04-14,90 Hz dan nilai amplifikasi berkisar antara 1,73-11,80. Daerah yang memiliki potensi tinggi mengalami kerusakan akibat gempa bumi berada di sebelah selatan Kotamadya Denpasar, karena memiliki nilai indeks kerentanan seismik tinggi antara 7,38-33,09.
MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS AT GIRIMULYO AND ITS SURROUNDING AREA, WEST PROGO
Authors: Budiadi Budiadi
Published: February 2019

AbstrakPenelitian tentang mataair dilakukan melalui survei geologi airtanah secara langsung di lapangan dengan penekanan pada aspek geomorfologi. Tujuan penelitian adalah  untuk mengetahui karakteristik pengaliran di daerah penelitian. Lokasi penelitian adalah daerah Girimulyo dan sekitarnya, khususnya yang termasuk dalam Kubah Kulon Progo,  yang termasuk dalam Kecamatan Girimulyo, Kabupaten Kulon Progo.  Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei geomorfologi dengan melakukan pendataan bentang alam yang meliputi lereng, elevasi dan karakteristik mataair secara langsung di lapangan. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa beberapa mataair merupakan mataair depresi dimana pemunculannya dikontrol oleh morfologi/topografi, sebagai contoh yaitu mataair Semurup dan Njuboh. Beberapa mataair kontak juga dijumpai di daerah penelitian, dimana mataair jenis ini tidak selalu dikontrol oleh morfologi daerah setempat, walaupun kadang-kadang berada di suatu lereng yang cukup terjal.. Dengan demikian, hubungan lereng dan elevasi tidak selalu signifikan terhadap pemunculan mataair. Kata kunci: geomorfologi, mataair, lereng
PENENTUAN KRITERIA CADANGAN BATUAN ANDESIT DI DAERAH KECAMATAN CIGUDEG KABUPATEN BOGOR JAWA BARAT
Authors: Sidiq Hidayatullah
Published: February 2019

Pemerintah Indonesia saat ini tengah meningkatkan pembangunan infrastuktur jalan baik jalan tol, jalan raya, bandara. Sejalan dengan itu pemerintah telah melibatkan pihak swasta dalam pengusahaan penyediaan pembuatan beton tersebut. Batu andesit merupakan salah satu bahan untuk membuat readymix ataupun concrete beton yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk pengerasan jalan, konstruksi pondasi, dan lain sebagainya. Kecamatan Cigudeg, Kabupaten Bogor termasuk wilayah yang memiliki sumberdaya alam beragam, termasuk salah satunya sumber daya batuan beku andesit maupun batuan hasil kegiatan vulkanik. Sumberdaya alam tersebut sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dan diusahakan. Dalam mengusahakan penambangan andesit perlu dilakukan perhitungan sumberdaya dan cadangan. Penentuan kriteria cadangan andesit didaerah Kecamatan Cigudeg, Kabupaten Bogor sangat penting. Karena dengan tingkat penentuan cadangan yang baik maka sumberdaya alam andesit yang ada didaerah tersebut akan dapat menambah sumber pemasukan asli daerah dibidang pertambangan dan khususnya akan dapat menjadi sumber pendapatan bagi masyarakat disekitar. Penentuan cadangan batuan andesit termasuk dalam KCMI yaitu pada Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI 2011) penentuan sumberdaya dan cadangan mineral industri. Dalam perubahan dari sumberdaya dan cadangan harus melalui proses penentuan berdasarkan kriteria kelayakan teknis, ekonomis dan lingkungan. Parameter yang akan digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah dari segi kelayakan ekonomis. Kelayakan ekonomis yang digunakan antara lain adalah nilai BESR (Break Ivent Striping Ratio), NPV (Nett Present Value). Sedangkan aspek teknis dan lingkungan hanya akan dibahas beberapa bagian saja. Hasil penelitian dari pertimbangan faktor teknis, ekonomi, lingkungan, dan sosial menunjukan bahwa andesit didaerah Kecamatan Cigudeg, Kabupaten Bogor termasuk dalam kriteria sumberdaya tetunjuk dengan jumlah volume sebesar 49.468.998 m3. Kriteria cadangan terkira sebesar 6.935.233 m3.
PERKEMBANGAN RUANG ISLAMI KAMPUS SEBAGAI BENTUK SPASIALISASI NILAI ISLAM DALAM LINGKUP CIVITAS AKADEMIKA STTNAS YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sakarov Ogi Dani
Published: February 2019

Perkembangan ruang Islami dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan aktivitas islami dalam suatu daerah atau wilayah. Semakin berkembang aktivitas islami maka akan semakin besar kebutuhan ruang yang muncul. Dalam konteks ruang Islami kampus, perkembangan ruang aktivitas islami, tergantung pada seberapa besar civitas akademika mengembangkan aktivitas keislaman kampus, walaupun pada dasarnya ruang Islami ini merupakan kebutuhan yang belum tentu dengan sengaja disediakan atau dikembangkan. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan ruang aktivitas islami kampus dan perkembanganya, sebagai bentuk spasialisasi nilai Islam dalam lingkup civitas akademika.Penelitian ini mengambil lokus di lingkungan kampus STTNAS Yogyakarta, dengan fokus pada ruang-ruang aktivitas Islami, baik ruang khusus peruntukan islami ataupun ruang-ruang yang diisi oleh aktivitas Islami kampus. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Induktif kualitatif dengan pendekatan pada fenomena-fenomena terbentuknya ruang Islami dalam lingkup kampus.Hasil analisis dalam penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa perkembangan ruang Islami Kampus dimulai dari aktivitas-aktivitas keislaman seperrti shalat dan ibadah rutin harian dan pada tahap selanjutnya terus berkembang menjadi aktivitas yang lebih umum dan incidental seperti kajian atau pembinaan keislaman dan berbagai agenda peringatan hari besar Islam. Semua aktivitas keislaman ini didasari oleh nilai Islam yang dipegang oleh setiap civitas akademika muslim dimana setiap aktivitas keislaman membutuhkan ruang sebagai wadah aktivitasnya.
PEMODELAN 2D RESISTIVITAS BATUAN ANDESIT DAERAH GUNUNG KUKUSAN KULON PROGO
Authors: Prastowo Rizqi
Published: February 2019

Infrastruktur pembangunan bandara Internasional Yogyakarta berdasarkan rencana strategis Dirjen Perhubungan tersebut sangat besar sehingga perlu adanya material-material pembangunan untuk menunjang keterlaksanaan pembangunan bandara tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai resistivitas, kedalaman, sebaran nilai resistivitas, dan interpretasi batuan andesit dari model 2D resistivitas di Gunung Kukusan, Desa Hargorejo, Kokap, Kulon Progo. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode geolistrik dipole-dipole dengan bentangan 200 m. Berdasarkan model 2D resistivitas, kedalaman batuan andesit segar di Gunung Kukusan, Desa Hargorejo, Kokap, Kulon Progo berkisar antara 3-15 m. Sebaran nilai resistivitas batuanandesit melalui hasil penampang model model 2D resistivitas yaitu nilai >522 Ωm, sedangkan nilai resistivitas batuan andesit yang telah mengalami pelapukan berkisar antara 179-659 Ωm. Interpretasi berdasarkan nilai resistivitas batuan terdapat 3 jenis batuan yaitu batuan lempung sebagai batuan yang diterobos intrusi, batuan andesit lapukan dan andesit segar.
KAJI EKSPERIMENTAL SISTEM MINI BRINE COOLING UNTUK PENDINGIN KABIN DENGAN METODE RADIANT COOLING
Authors: Lukitobudi Arda Rahardja , Hidayat Asep Rohmat
Published: February 2019

Pendinginan ruangan  dengan radiant cooling menyerap panas yang masuk melalui proses radiasi dan konveksi dengan menggunakan brine serta mensirkulasikan brine tersebut ke dalam saluran pemipaan yang dipasang secara khusus dengan cara ditanam pada dinding semen, lantai dan atap kabin untuk memberikan suhu yang rendah sebagai penyimpan kalor. Pendingin brine menggunakan sistem refrigerasi kompresi uap dengan secondary refrigerant yaitu larutan propylene glycol sejumlah 33% dari besar volume thermal storage yang dirancang. Desain mini brine cooling ini dibuat agar dapat digunakan sebagai sistem pendinginan umum yang pada penelitian ini menggunakan beban pendinginan tomat 1 kg, menggunakan metode radiant cooling dengan semen sebagai media penyimpan kalor serta untuk menguji performansinya. Dalam perhitungan didapatkan beban total pendinginan sebesar 1152,62 watt. Chilling Time selama 93 menit dengan sistem kompresi uap berkapasitas 1Hp. Temperatur cut off kabin pada temperatur 5 °C dengan media pendingin larutan propylene glycol 33% dan beban produk tomat 1 Kg. COPaktual  yang  didapatkan sebesar 3,70 dan COPcarnot sebesar 4,57 serta nilai efesiensi sistem sebesar 80,96%. Capaian pendinginan brine pada temperatur -3,2 °C dan capaian pendingin produk paling rendah pada temperatur 4,1 °C pada menit ke-430. Kata kunci: radiant cooling, propylene glycol
EVALUASI PENERAPAN SMK3 BERDASARKAN TINGKAT KEPATUHAN PERSONAL
Authors: Sediyanto Sediyanto
Published: February 2019

The successful implementation of Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3) in the company can not be separated from the concern of workers and managerial parties. This study aims to determine what indicators affect personal compliance, priority indicators affecting personal compliance level and to know evaluation of the performance of SMK3 implementation on the implementation of UKRIDA Education Hospital project development using SPSS method, personal compliance analysis and performance analysis of SMK3. Research data collected by distributing to 28 respondents in PT. PULAUINTAN. Experts are the project managers. The results of the study, personal compliance analysis method resulted in high adherence or 64.58%. Furthermore, the performance analysis of SMK3 implementation, the analysis result shows the performance value of SMK3 is or 59%. Then with the results of high compliance analysis and performance is then there is need for improvement action performance of SMK3 implementation to improve the implementation of SMK3. Keywords: Personal Compliance, SMK3 implementation Performance, SPSS, Personal Compliance Evaluation, Effect of personal compliance on SMK3 performance
‘Devote the best years of their lives’: British Solutions to Natal's Defence Concerns in Nineteenth-Century Southern Africa
Authors: Ivey Jacob
Published: February 2019

The annexation and establishment of Natal as a British colony by 1845 was an event defined by conflict and concerns for security in British Southern Africa. The threat of invasion from the nearby Zulu kingdom or the possibility of an indigenous uprising continued to cast a shadow over the growth and expansion of the colony during the following decades. In response, those living within the colony offered multiple solutions, both actual and theoretical, related to the protection and stability of this emerging colonial state, including white volunteer corps, mounted police, and even indigenous levies. This paper examines the debate that defined these proposed solutions from 1845 to the Anglo–Zulu War of 1879. Whether from within the colony itself or from other regions of the British Empire, the suggested solutions and the debate over security were illustrative of the concern about external and internal threats that permeated the European public consciousness of British Natal. Some residents of the colony offered their own military expertise (or lack thereof); others looked to the Afrikaner population as a model for control; and a small number, who did not even reside in the colony, expressed their readiness to ‘devote the best years of their lives’ to the security of the colony. Such willingness, along with the other solutions to the issue of colonial security in British Natal, sheds considerable light on the emergence of imperial power in nineteenth-century Southern Africa, and constitutes a valuable addition to the history of Natal, settler colonies more generally and the British Empire at large.
Aromatic Profile, Physicochemical and Sensory Traits of Dry-Fermented Sausages Produced without Nitrites Using Pork from Krškopolje Pig Reared in Organic and Conventional Husbandry
Authors: Škrlep Martin , Čandek-Potokar Marjeta , Batorek-Lukač Nina , Tomažin Urška , Flores Mónica
Published: February 2019

Dry-fermented sausages were produced in a traditional way, without addition of nitrites and starter cultures, from meat of an autochthonous breed (Krškopolje pig) raised either in a conventional indoor or organic husbandry system. Physicochemical and sensory analyses were performed at the end of processing to characterize their quality. Dry-fermented sausages from organic pork retained more moisture, which resulted in higher water activity and softer texture (instrumental and sensory). They were more oxidized (higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)), in agreement with more unsaturated fatty acid profile, a higher score for rancid taste, and a higher relative abundance of volatiles from lipid β-oxidation. Overall, dry-fermented sausages from organic pork had lower levels of volatile compounds, particularly, those originating from spices (despite the same quantity added) and lower levels of amino-acid degradation. Sensory analysis showed that dry-fermented sausages from organic pork had less intensive and vivid color, tasted more bitter and sour, and had more off-tastes. The observed differences could be related to initial differences in raw material (differences in meat pH and level of polyunsaturated fatty acids) affecting the process of fermentation.
Effect of Morphine Administration on Social and Non-Social Play Behaviour in Calves
Authors: Sutherland Mhairi , Worth Gemma , Cameron Catherine , Verbeek Else
Published: February 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of morphine on social and non-social play behaviour in calves. Twelve calves experienced four treatments in a cross over 2 × 2 factorial design: Calves received an intravenous injection of morphine or saline 10 min prior to being tested individually or in pairs in an arena for 20 min. Play behaviour was continuously recorded in the arena test. Lying times were recorded in the home pen. Cortisol concentrations were measured before and after testing. In the arena test, calves given morphine tended to perform more social play events than calves given saline, however, morphine administration had no effect on locomotor play. Calves given morphine spent less time lying than calves given saline during the first 4 h after returning to the home pen. Cortisol concentrations were suppressed in calves given morphine. Administration of morphine appeared to increase social play but had no effect on locomotor play in calves. This study highlights the importance of investigating different aspects of play behaviour in animals as some may be more indicative of a positive affective state than others. More studies investigating the effects of morphine on play are needed to confirm the results found in this study.
Numerical Study on Dynamic-Stall Characteristics of Finite Wing and Rotor
Authors: Wang Qing , Zhao Qijun
Published: February 2019

To study the three-dimensional effects on the dynamic-stall characteristics of a rotor blade, the unsteady flowfields of the finite wing and rotor were simulated under dynamic-stall conditions, respectively. Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations coupled with a third-order Roe–MUSCL spatial discretization scheme were chosen as the governing equations to predict the three-dimensional flowfields. It is indicated from the simulated results of a finite wing that dynamic stall would be restricted near the wing tip due to the influence of the wing-tip vortex. By comparing the simulated results of the finite wing with the spanwise flow, it is indicated that the spanwise flow would arouse vortex accumulation. Consequently, the dynamic stall is restricted near the wing root and aggravated near the wing tip. By comparing the simulated results of a rotor in forward flight, it is indicated that the dynamic stall of the rotor would be inhibited due to the effects of the spanwise flow and Coriolis force. This work fills the gap regarding the insufficient three-dimensional dynamic stall of a helicopter rotor, and could be used to guide rotor airfoil shape design in the future.
A Frequency–Power Droop Coefficient Determination Method of Mixed Line-Commutated and Voltage-Sourced Converter Multi-Infeed, High-Voltage, Direct Current Systems: An Actual Case Study in Korea
Authors: Lee Gyusub , Moon Seungil , Hwang Pyeongik
Published: February 2019

Among the grid service applications of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems, frequency–power droop control for islanded networks is one of the most widely used schemes. In this paper, a new frequency-power droop coefficient determination method for a mixed line-commutated converter (LCC) and voltage-sourced converter (VSC)-based multi-infeed HVDC (MIDC) system is proposed. The proposed method is designed for the minimization of power loss. An interior-point method is used as an optimization algorithm to implement the proposed scheduling method, and the droop coefficients of the HVDCs are determined graphically using the Monte Carlo sampling method. Two test systems—the modified Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 14-bus system and an actual Jeju Island network in Korea—were utilized for MATLAB simulation case studies, to demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for reducing power system loss during frequency control.
Spatial Distribution, Chemical Speciation and Health Risk of Heavy Metals from Settled Dust in Qingdao Urban Area
Authors: Xu Hongxia , Wang Yan , Liu Ruhai , Wang Mingyu , Zhang Yanyan
Published: February 2019

Settled dust samples were collected from Qingdao urban area to analyze the spatial distribution, chemical speciation and sources of metals, and to evaluate the health risk of metals from atmospheric dust. The average contents of Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the atmospheric settled dust of Qingdao were 0.17, 0.75, 153.1, 456.7, 60.9, 176.0 and 708.3 mg/kg, respectively, which were higher than soil background values. The mean exchangeable metal and carbonated-associated fraction proportions of Cd, Zn and Pb were 43.6%, 26.1% and 15%, which implies that they have high mobility and bioavailability. Higher contents of heavy metals appeared in old city areas because of the historical accumulation of metals. Principal component analysis showed that combustion sources partially contributed to Pb, Zn and other trace metals. Hg, Pb and Zn mainly originated from business, human activities and municipal construction. Cd and Cu from settled dust of the old city originated from the erosion and ageing of construction materials. The non-carcinogenic risk rankings for the seven determined heavy metals were ingestion > dermal > inhalation. Cd, Cr and Ni from settled dust showed a low carcinogenic risk. The health risks of Cr, Cu and Pb were higher in old city areas and, therefore, need special attention.
Electrochemical Performance of a Lithium Ion Battery with Different Nanoporous Current Collectors
Authors: Feng Huajun , Chen Yuan , Wang Yihua
Published: February 2019

In this work, we use ultrasonication and chemical etching agents to assist preparation of metal current collectors with nano-scale pores on the surface. Four different current collectors (copper foil, copper foam, aluminum foil, and aluminum foam) are prepared. The preparation parameters, ultrasonic time and etching agent concentration, are investigated and optimized accordingly. The morphologies of the as-prepared current collectors are observed under a scanning electronic microscope. Soft-packed lithium ion batteries with various current collectors are fabricated and tested. The prepared lithium ion batteries show good long-term cycle stability. The nanoporous structure of the current collector has little impact on the improvement of battery capacity under slow charging/discharging rates but has a positive impact on capacity retention under fast charging/discharging rates.
Motion Equations and Attitude Control in the Vertical Flight of a VTOL Bi-Rotor UAV
Authors: Garcia-Nieto Sergio , Velasco-Carrau Jesus , Paredes-Valles Federico , Salcedo Jose Vicente , Simarro Raul
Published: February 2019

This paper gathers the design and implementation of the control system that allows an unmanned Flying-wing to perform a Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) maneuver using two tilting rotors (Bi-Rotor). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) operating in this configuration are also categorized as Hybrid UAVs due to their ability of having a dual flight envelope: hovering like a multi-rotor and cruising like a traditional fixed-wing, providing the opportunity of facing complex missions in which these two different dynamics are required. This work exhibits the Bi-Rotor nonlinear dynamics, the attitude tracking controller design and also, the results obtained through Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation and experimental studies that ensure the controller’s efficiency in hovering operation.
Influence of Perforated Fin on Flow Characteristics and Thermal Performance in Spiral Finned-Tube Heat Exchanger
Authors: Lee Hyung Ju , Ryu Jaiyoung , Lee Seong Hyuk
Published: February 2019

The present study conducts the numerical investigation of flow characteristics and thermal performance of spiral finned-tube heat exchangers. The effects of location of perforations (90°, 120°, and 150°) on heat transfer and pressure drop are analyzed for the air-side. The commercial computational fluid dynamics code ANSYS Fluent (V.17.0) is used for simulations with the RNG k-ε model based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The velocity field, Colburn j-factor, and friction factor are analyzed to evaluate the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics. Because of the flow through the perforations, the boundary layers on the fin surfaces are interrupted. This results in increased flow disturbances close to the fin, and the heat transfer performance increases compared to the reference case. The pressure drop, which is one of the disadvantages of spiral finned tubes comparing to plate or circular fins, decreases with perforations on the fin. Overall, the cases with perforated fin exhibit greater performance of area goodness factor considering the relationship between the heat transfer and the pressure drop.
Comparison of Technologies for CO2 Capture from Cement Production—Part 1: Technical Evaluation
Authors: Voldsund Mari , Gardarsdottir Stefania , De Lena Edoardo , Pérez-Calvo José-Francisco , Jamali Armin , Berstad David , Fu Chao , Romano Matteo , Roussanaly Simon , Anantharaman Rahul , Hoppe Helmut , Sutter Daniel , Mazzotti Marco , Gazzani Matteo , Cinti Giovanni , Jordal Kristin
Published: February 2019

A technical evaluation of CO2 capture technologies when retrofitted to a cement plant is performed. The investigated technologies are the oxyfuel process, the chilled ammonia process, membrane-assisted CO2 liquefaction, and the calcium looping process with tail-end and integrated configurations. For comparison, absorption with monoethanolamine (MEA) is used as reference technology. The focus of the evaluation is on emission abatement, energy performance, and retrofitability. All the investigated technologies perform better than the reference both in terms of emission abatement and energy consumption. The equivalent CO2 avoided are 73–90%, while it is 64% for MEA, considering the average EU-28 electricity mix. The specific primary energy consumption for CO2 avoided is 1.63–4.07 MJ/kg CO2, compared to 7.08 MJ/kg CO2 for MEA. The calcium looping technologies have the highest emission abatement potential, while the oxyfuel process has the best energy performance. When it comes to retrofitability, the post-combustion technologies show significant advantages compared to the oxyfuel and to the integrated calcium looping technologies. Furthermore, the performance of the individual technologies shows strong dependencies on site-specific and plant-specific factors. Therefore, rather than identifying one single best technology, it is emphasized that CO2 capture in the cement industry should be performed with a portfolio of capture technologies, where the preferred choice for each specific plant depends on local factors.
An Emissions Arbitrage Algorithm to Improve the Environmental Performance of Domestic PV-Battery Systems
Authors: Sun Susan , Crossland Andrew , Chipperfield Andrew , Wills Richard
Published: February 2019

Domestic PV-battery systems are rarely operated in a way which specifically maximizes environmental benefit. Consequently the studies that seriously examine such systems often find that the greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions savings of rooftop PV, though still positive, are lessened by adding a domestic battery. This study shows thatby simulating a PV-battery system with a range of sizes that this need not be inevitable. A novel algorithm was designed specifically to perform ‘emissions arbitrage’: to charge the battery when the grid emissions intensity is low and to discharge when it is high. It was found that the CO2 saved relative to the same system with PV only can more than pay back the CO2 debt of manufacturing the battery. This is true as long as the UK moves away from the present-day situation where natural gas-fired generators are nearly always the marginal generator. This work underlines the importance of both the operating strategy and the interactions between the system and the entire grid, in order to maximize the environmental benefit achievable with domestic PV-battery systems.
An MPC Reference Governor Approach for Enhancing the Performance of Precompensated Boost DC–DC Converters
Authors: Yfoulis Christos
Published: February 2019

This article addresses the problem of enhancing the performance of boost DC–DC converters that are already compensated either in voltage-mode by a common proportional–integral–derivative (PID, Type III) primary controller or in current-mode with a two-loop PI control law. Improved performance may be obtained with the addition of a secondary controller/prefilter in the form of a reference governor. This complementary scheme adjusts the imposed voltage reference input signal dynamically and can be designed in an optimal fashion via the model predictive control (MPC) methodology. Our evaluation with numerical simulation in MATLAB suggests that this two-level controller can effectively enhance the performance of a DC–DC boost converter in a wide operating range without imposing extra requirements or limitations. A simple linear MPC design in explicit form is employed in this approach, which is computationally tractable for digital microprocessor implementation. This work paves the way for future research involving reference governor ideas in the area of bilinear power electronic converters.
Study on Effects of Common Rail Injector Drive Circuitry with Different Freewheeling Circuits on Control Performance and Cycle-by-Cycle Variations
Authors: Liu Erxi , Su Wanhua
Published: February 2019

This paper provides a new common rail injector drive circuitry for practical use. The new drive circuitry with variable freewheeling circuit was developed based on the requirements for the rate of current drop in the peak-and-hold solenoid model. The variable freewheeling circuit exhibited superior performance in the control accuracy compared to the conventional circuit with a resistor in series with diode (RD) freewheeling circuit. Furthermore, the current cutting process was 30 μ s shorter, and the control accuracy of the cycle fuel injection mass was improved by at least 0.36% or exactly 2.86% when a small fuel injection mass was used. In addition, the variable freewheeling circuit consumed less power because the drive power charging was done through the feedback from electromagnetic energy to electrical energy. When the fuel injection mass was large, the fall range of the driving power voltage became 1 V smaller, its recovery time was 1ms shorter, and the highest temperature of the drive circuitry was only 37 ∘ C, which was 127 ∘ C lower than that of the RD freewheeling due to the decrease in energy consumption. Finally, experimental tests with a multi-cylinder engine showed that the variable freewheeling circuit reduced the cycle-by-cycle combustion variations by 0.5%, and lessened the NOx and soot emissions significantly by 3.5% and 4%, respectively, in comparison to the RD freewheeling circuit.
HIRA Model for Short-Term Electricity Price Forecasting
Authors: Cerjan Marin , Petričić Ana , Delimar Marko
Published: February 2019

In competitive power markets, electric utilities, power producers, and traders are exposed to increased risks caused by electricity price volatility. The growing reliance on renewable sources and their dependence on weather, nuclear uncertainty, market coupling, and global financial instability are contributing to the importance of accurate electricity price forecasting. Since power markets are not all equally developed, different price forecasting methods have been introduced for individual markets. The aim of this research is to introduce a short-term electricity price forecasting method that addresses the problems of price volatility, a varying number of input parameters, varying data availability, and a large number of parameters and input data. Furthermore, the proposed model can be used on any market as it targets the characteristics and specifics of each market. The proposed Hybrid Iterative Reactive Adaptive (HIRA) method consists of two phases. In analysis phase, fundamental parameters which affect the electricity price are identified depending on market development. Obtained parameters are used as data inputs for price forecasting using a hybrid method. The HIRA model combines a statistical approach for large data set analysis and a similar day method with neural network tools. Similar days are examined using a statistical method which combines correlation significance, price volatility, and forecasting accuracy of the historical data. Data are collected based on their availability and electricity prices are forecasted in several iterations. All relevant data for price forecasting are collected, categorized, and arranged using simple indicators which makes the HIRA model adaptive and reactive to new market circumstances. The proposed model is validated using the Hungarian Power Exchange (HUPX) electricity price data records. The results show that with HIRA model forecasting, the error is stable and does not depend on price volatility. The HIRA method has proven to be applicable for forecasting electricity prices in real-time market conditions and enables effective hedging of price risk in the production or market portfolio.
Hybrid Machine Learning Approaches for Landslide Susceptibility Modeling
Authors: Nguyen Vu Viet , Pham Binh Thai , Vu Ba Thao , Prakash Indra , Jha Sudan , Shahabi Himan , Shirzadi Ataollah , Ba Dong Nguyen , Kumar Raghvendra , Chatterjee Jyotir Moy , Tien Bui Dieu
Published: February 2019

This paper presents novel hybrid machine learning models, namely Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSOANFIS), Artificial Neural Networks optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSOANN), and Best First Decision Trees based Rotation Forest (RFBFDT), for landslide spatial prediction. Landslide modeling of the study area of Van Chan district, Yen Bai province (Vietnam) was carried out with the help of a spatial database of the area, considering past landslides and 12 landslide conditioning factors. The proposed models were validated using different methods such as Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC), Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Results indicate that the RFBFDT (AUC = 0.826, MSE = 0.189, and RMSE = 0.434) is the best method in comparison to other hybrid models, namely PSOANFIS (AUC = 0.76, MSE = 0.225, and RMSE = 0.474) and PSOANN (AUC = 0.72, MSE = 0.312, and RMSE = 0.558). Thus, it is reasonably concluded that the RFBFDT is a promising hybrid machine learning approach for landslide susceptibility modeling.
Identification and Analysis of a CPYC-Type Glutaredoxin Associated with Stress Response in Rubber Trees
Authors: Yuan Kun , Guo Xiuli , Feng Chengtian , Hu Yiyu , Liu Jinping , Wang Zhenhui
Published: February 2019

Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are a class of small oxidoreductases which modulate various biological processes in plants. Here, we isolated a GRX gene from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.), named as HbSRGRX1, which encoded 107 amino acid residues with a CPYC active site. Phylogenetic analysis displayed that HbSRGRX1 was more correlated with GRXs from Manihot esculenta Crantz. and Ricinus communis L. HbSRGRX1 was localized in the nuclei of tobacco cells, and its transcripts were preferentially expressed in male flowers and in the high-yield variety Reyan 7-33-97 with strong resistance against cold. The expression levels of HbSRGRX1 significantly decreased in tapping panel dryness (TPD) trees. Furthermore, HbSRGRX1 was regulated by wounding, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and multiple hormones. Altogether, these results suggest important roles of HbSRGRX1 in plant development and defense response to TPD and multiple stresses.
A Scheme to Design Community Detection Algorithms in Various Networks
Authors: Lu Haoye , Nayak Amiya
Published: February 2019

Network structures, consisting of nodes and edges, have applications in almost all subjects. A set of nodes is called a community if the nodes have strong interrelations. Industries (including cell phone carriers and online social media companies) need community structures to allocate network resources and provide proper and accurate services. However, most detection algorithms are derived independently, which is arduous and even unnecessary. Although recent research shows that a general detection method that serves all purposes does not exist, we believe that there is some general procedure of deriving detection algorithms. In this paper, we represent such a general scheme. We mainly focus on two types of networks: transmission networks and similarity networks. We reduce them to a unified graph model, based on which we propose a method to define and detect community structures. Finally, we also give a demonstration to show how our design scheme works.
Giving Them a Voice: Challenges to Narrative Agency in People with Dementia
Authors: Villar Feliciano , Serrat Rodrigo , Bravo-Segal Stephany
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we argue that the capacity for narrative agency is significantly compromised in individuals with dementia due to at least three factors: (a) Dementia itself, which causes increasing difficulties in constructing and articulating coherent and meaningful stories, and sharing them with others; (b) cultural narratives about dementia, which promote an extremely negative and pessimistic view of those with the disease; and (c) the convergence of these two last factors, which can lead to caregiving interactions that do not support storytelling and can even stop people with dementia from telling stories. We highlight the importance of narrative care, which involves interventions that focus on the person and their unique life narrative. In narrative care, people with dementia are treated not as impaired patients defined by the disease, but as human beings. In doing so, people with dementia can have their own voices back, which is silenced and discredited so many times.
Associations of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Physical Performance and Bone Health in Overweight and Obese Older Adults
Authors: Dang Melissa , Shore-Lorenti Cat , McMillan Lachlan B. , Mesinovic Jakub , Hayes Alan , Ebeling Peter R. , Scott David
Published: February 2019

Low vitamin D status commonly accompanies obesity, and both vitamin D deficiency and obesity have been associated with falls and fracture risk in older adults. We aimed to determine the associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations with physical performance and bone health in community-dwelling, overweight and obese older men and women. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in 84 participants with body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 (mean ± SD age 62.4 ± 7.9 years; 55% women). Physical function was determined by short physical performance battery, hand grip and quadriceps strength, and stair climb power tests. Body composition and bone structure were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography, respectively. Mean ± SD 25(OH)D was 49.6 ± 17.7 nmol/L, and 50% of participants had low 25(OH)D (<50 nmol/L) levels. 25(OH)D concentrations were positively associated with quadricep strength and stair climb power in women (B = 0.15; 95% CI 0.02–0.27 kg and B = 1.07; 95% CI 0.12–2.03 W, respectively) but not in men. There were no associations between 25(OH)D and bone parameters in either sex after multivariable adjustment (all p > 0.05). Lower 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with poorer quadricep strength and muscle power in overweight and obese older women but not men.