bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transect Survey as a Post-Disaster Global Rapid Damage Assessment Tool
Authors: Moon Lisa , Biggs David , Ingham Jason , Griffith Michael
Published: July 2014

Following a damaging earthquake, the immediate emergency response is focused on individual collapsed buildings or other “hotspots” rather than the overall state of damage. This lack of attention to the global damage condition of the affected region can lead to the reporting of misinformation and generate confusion, causing difficulties when attempting to determine the level of post-disaster resources required. A pre-planned building damage survey based on the transect method is recommended as a simple tool to generate an estimate of the overall level of building damage in a city or region. A methodology for such a transect survey is suggested, and an example of a similar survey conducted in Christchurch, New Zealand, following the 22 February 2011 earthquake is presented. The transect was found to give suitably accurate estimates of building damage at a time when information was keenly sought by government authorities and the general public.
Directional vibration sensing in the termite Macrotermes natalensis
Authors: Hager Felix A. , Kirchner Wolfgang H.
Published: July 2014

Although several behavioural studies demonstrate the ability of insects to localise the source of vibrations, it is still unclear how insects are able to perceive directional information from vibratory signals on solid substrates, because time-of-arrival and amplitude difference between receptory structures are thought to be too small to be processed by insect nervous systems. The termite Macrotermes natalensis communicates using vibrational drumming signals transmitted along subterranean galleries. When soldiers are attacked by predators, they tend to drum with their heads against the substrate and create a pulsed vibration. Workers respond by a fast retreat into the nest. Soldiers in the vicinity start to drum themselves, leading to an amplification and propagation of the signal. Here we show that M. natalensis makes use of a directional vibration sensing in the context of colony defence. In the field, soldiers are recruited towards the source of the signal. In arena experiments on natural nest material, soldiers are able to localise the source of vibration. Using two movable platforms allowing us to vibrate the legs of the left and right sides of the body with a time delay, we show that the difference in time-of-arrival is the directional cue used for orientation. Delays as short as 0.2 ms are sufficient to be detected. Soldiers show a significant positive tropotaxis to the platform stimulated earlier, demonstrating for the first time perception of time-of-arrival delays and vibrotropotaxis on solid substrates in insects.
Management of Project�s Stakeholders as Small Social Group
Authors: ����������  , Kolesnikov Alexander
Published: July 2014

Now management of stakeholders is one of the most important areas of knowledge in project management. A problem related to management of stakeholders taking into account their relations within the frame of a small social group is considered in this paper. A model, allowing carry out such relations analysis has been considered.
Analyzing Factors of Investment Attractiveness of Regions
Authors: Иванова  , Ivanova O.
Published: July 2014

The paper considers interrelations between the array of economic, legal,

organizational, political and social factors and growth of investments in a given

region. Identified components of favorable and unfavorable investment climates,

which pose decisive impact on investments dynamics and structure.
Equivariant Perturbation in Gomory and Johnson's Infinite Group Problem. I. The One-Dimensional Case
Authors: Basu Amitabh , Hildebrand Robert , Köppe Matthias
Published: July 2014

We give an algorithm for testing the extremality of minimal valid functions for Gomory and Johnson's infinite group problem that are piecewise linear (possibly discontinuous) with rational breakpoints. This is the first set of necessary and sufficient conditions that can be tested algorithmically for deciding extremality in this important class of minimal valid functions. We also present an extreme function that is a piecewise linear function with some irrational breakpoints, whose extremality follows from a new principle.
That was then this is now … The Canyons – with Paul, Bret, James and Lindsay
Authors: Munt Alex
Published: July 2014

New Hollywood, from the late 1960s to early 1980s, was marked by an innovation in film business (production, marketing, audience) together with an opening up of film form. Today, some 50 years later, film culture is again in flux with new models of funding, production and distribution for the digital age. The impact of these developments on screenwriting is (necessarily) speculative at this stage. The focus of this article is on screenwriter/director Paul Schrader, a jump-cut from Taxi Driver (1976) to The Canyons (2013) – his experiment in ‘post-theatrical cinema’ with novelist/screenwriter Bret Easton Ellis. The film was written for microbudget and crowdfunded on the Kickstarter platform. It assembles the notorious cast of porn star James Deen and celebrity maelstrom Lindsay Lohan. The Canyons rolled out with an aggressive online marketing strategy and innovative ‘day and date’ distribution model with an eye to video on demand. Larry Gross has described the film as belonging to ‘this cultural moment’. In this analysis of The Canyons I ask: What does it mean to conceive, and write, a screenplay for the present, for ‘now’? How does screenplay development and creative collaboration differ in a crowdfunded/microbudget environment? How does the film interact with new forms, and aesthetics, appropriate to this ‘cultural moment’? In the final part of the article I attempt to situate the film within a wider narrative framework via Schrader’s diagnosis of ‘narrative exhaustion’, Douglas Rushkoff’s theory of ‘present shock’ and Ellis’ rumination on the American ‘post-empire’ condition.
Artefactos culturales y alfabetización en la era digital: discusiones conceptuales y praxis educativa
Authors: Martos Eloy , Martos García Alberto E.
Published: July 2014

Modernamente, han surgido diversas elaboraciones teóricas en torno al concepto de «artefacto», desde diversas áreas y paradigmas de las ciencias sociales y las humanidades. Sin pretender agotar la revisión teórica multidisciplinar, el artículo describe algunos ejes de las discusiones conceptuales y criterios para posibles intervenciones didácticas dentro de las prácticas educativas. El concepto de «cultura letrada» ha sido puesto en valor por Roger Chartier y otros autores. La noción de «artefacto cultural» ha sido objeto de debate por autores como Holland y Cole. En este artículo se proponen varias aplicaciones de los citados conceptos a la realidad educativa, teniendo en cuenta los cambios sociales y tecnológicos, con particular énfasis en el enfoque artifactual de la literacidad de Pahl y Rowsell.
La tutoría universitaria en el escenario del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior: perfiles actuales
Authors: Fernández-salinero Miguel Carolina
Published: July 2014

En el nuevo escenario promovido por el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, la orientación y la tutoría universitarias adquieren más importancia que nunca. Entendemos la tutoría como una parte de la responsabilidad docente, en la que se establece una interacción más personalizada entre el profesorado y el alumnado, entre docente experimentado y docente novel o entre estudiante y estudiante, cuyo objetivo es guiar el aprendizaje, adaptándolo a las condiciones individuales y al estilo de aprender de los sujetos involucrados. Ahora es el momento de plantear sistemas de guía y tutela para los estudiantes –durante el proceso de formación y en sus primeros pasos profesionales– y para el profesorado novel. Entre dichos sistemas se encuentran el coaching ejercido por el docente o el mentoring, este último desarrollado a través de la tutoría entre iguales, la tutoría profesional en los centros de prácticas o la tutoría ejercida por profesorado experimentado hacia profesorado novel.
Concepciones sobre alimentación en estudiantes de magisterio y enfermería. Construcción del conocimiento pedagógico en cuestiones dietéticas
Authors: Rodrigo Vega Maximiliano , Ejeda Manzanera José Manuel , González Panero M.ª Pilar , Mijancos Gurruchaga M.ª Teresa
Published: July 2014

El presente estudio responde al interés de unir la investigación en la práctica educativa con el desarrollo del conocimiento pedagógico. En concreto, a partir de dos investigaciones sobre la enseñanza de algunos conocimientos en Alimenta ción en estudiantes de Magisterio y Enfermería, se plantea una secuenciación de concepciones que pueden constituir una guía de contenidos educativos para trabajar las orientaciones de selección de dieta en la Educación de la Alimentación.
Fast and accurate deflectometry with crossed fringes
Authors: Liu Yuankun , Olesch Evelyn , Yang Zheng , Häusler Gerd
Published: July 2014

Phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) acquires the two components of the local surface gradient via a sequence of two orthogonal sinusoidal fringe patterns that have to be displayed and captured separately. We will demonstrate that the sequential process (different fringe directions, phase shifting) can be completely avoided by using a cross fringe pattern. With an optimized Fourier evaluation, high quality data of smooth optical surfaces can be acquired within one single shot. The cross fringe pattern allows for one more improvement of PMD: we will demonstrate a novel phase-shift technique, where a one-dimensional N-phase shift allows for the acquisition of the two orthogonal phases, with only N exposures instead of 2N exposures. Therefore, PMD can be implemented by a one-dimensional translation of the fringe pattern, instead of the common two-dimensional translation, which is quite useful for certain applications.
Schur tensor product of operator spaces
Authors: Rajpal Vandana , Kumar Ajay , Itoh Takashi
Published: July 2014

We develop a systematic study of the Schur tensor product both in the category of operator spaces and in that of
C*
-algebras.
Changes of wettability of medium density fiberboard (MDF) treated with He-DBD plasma
Authors: de Cademartori Pedro Henrique Gonzalez , de Muniz Graciela Inês Bolzon , Magalhães Washington Luiz Esteves
Published: July 2014

The effects of two power levels (50 and 150 W) and five time levels (10, 20, 40, 60 and 120 s) of glow discharge in helium dielectric barrier discharge (He-DBD) has been investigated in the context of surface modification of medium density fiberboard (MDF) panels. He-DBD elevated the surface wettability of MDF panels as assessed by dynamic contact angle (CA) measurements including the determination of surface free energy, droplet volume and spreading contact area of droplets. The chemical changes of the MDF surfaces were also characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Expectedly, the apparent CA and droplet volume decreased with increasing power and time of glow discharge, mainly at the 150 W power level. The oxygen content of the surfaces, the surface free energy and the spreading contact area increased upon treatment. At higher energy levels the treatment time could be reduced, which is essential for future applications in industrial processes.
Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) social organization in semiarid grasslands of San Luis, Argentina
Authors: Semeñiuk María Belén , Merino Mariano L.
Published: July 2014

Pampas deer (
Spectroscopic study of Np(V) oxidation to Np(VI) in 3 mol/dm3 nitric acid at elevated temperatures
Authors: Ban Yasutoshi , Hakamatsuka Yasuyuki , Tsutsui Nao , Urabe Shunichi , Hagiya Hiromichi , Matsumura Tatsuro
Published: July 2014

Optical absorption spectra of Np in 3 mol/dm3 nitric
acid at elevated temperatures were measured using an optical glass
cell with a water jacket having a light path of 1 cm. Molar
extinction coefficients of Np(VI), ε
T
M
–1 cm
–1, were obtained at various temperatures (297,
313, 334, 352, and 372 K). The values of ε
T were found to decrease with increasing temperature and
could be described by the equation ε
T =− 0.14T + 85.5, where T is the temperature. Oxidation of
Np(V) to Np(VI) in 3 M nitric acid at elevated temperatures
(336, 342, 354, and 362 K) was observed using the optical
glass cell. Oxidation of Np(V) was promoted by increasing the
temperature and proceeded as a pseudo-first order reaction with
respect to Np(V) concentration. The rate equation in the temperature
range of 336–362 K was obtained as follows:
− d[Np(V)]
t
/dt = 2.2 × 107 exp [− 65 × 103/(RT)][Np(V)]
t
, where R, T, and
[Np(V)]
t
indicate the gas constant, temperature, and Np(V)
concentration at time t, respectively.
A Method to Determine the Slip Factor of Centrifugal Pumps through Experiment
Authors: Zhang Yu-Liang , Zhu Zu-Chao , Dou Hua-Shu , Cui Bao-Ling , Li Yi , Xiao Jun-Jian
Published: July 2014

In this paper, a method to determine the slip factor of centrifugal impellers is proposed based on the experimental result of the external performance of centrifugal pumps. This proposed method is superior to the conventional experimental method, which needs not to measure the flow parameters at impeller outlet. The results show that the present method can be used to obtain the slip factor at offdesign condition in a wide range of flow rate besides at the design point.
The Ion Transport Peptide Is a New Functional Clock Neuropeptide in the Fruit Fly
Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Hermann-Luibl Christiane , Yoshii Taishi , Senthilan Pingkalai R. , Dircksen Heinrich , Helfrich-Förster Charlotte
Published: July 2014

The clock network of
Drosophila melanogaster
expresses various neuropeptides, but a function in clock-mediated behavioral control was so far only found for the neuropeptide pigment dispersing factor (PDF). Here, we propose a role in the control of behavioral rhythms for the ion transport peptide (ITP), which is expressed in the fifth small ventral lateral neuron, one dorsal lateral neuron, and in only a few nonclock cells in the brain. Immunocytochemical analyses revealed that ITP, like PDF, is most probably released in a rhythmic manner at projection terminals in the dorsal protocerebrum. This rhythm continues under constant dark conditions, indicating that ITP release is clock controlled. ITP expression is reduced in the hypomorph mutant

Clk
AR

, suggesting that ITP expression is regulated by CLOCK. Using a genetically encoded RNAi construct, we knocked down ITP in the two clock cells and found that these flies show reduced evening activity and increased nocturnal activity. Overexpression of ITP with two independent
timeless-GAL4
lines completely disrupted behavioral rhythms, but only slightly dampened PER cycling in important pacemaker neurons, suggesting a role for ITP in clock output pathways rather than in the communication within the clock network. Simultaneous knockdown (KD) of ITP and PDF made the flies hyperactive and almost completely arrhythmic under constant conditions. Under light-dark conditions, the double-KD combined the behavioral characteristics of the single-KD flies. In addition, it reduced the flies' sleep. We conclude that ITP and PDF are the clock's main output signals that cooperate in controlling the flies' activity rhythms.
Neural Structures Mediating Expression and Extinction of Platform-Mediated Avoidance
Authors: Bravo-Rivera Christian , Roman-Ortiz Ciorana , Brignoni-Perez Edith , Sotres-Bayon Francisco , Quirk Gregory J.
Published: July 2014

Individuals use both passive and active defensive responses to environmental threats. Much is known about the neural circuits of passive defensive responses (e.g., freezing), but less is known about the substrates of active defensive responses (e.g., avoidance). We developed an active avoidance task in which rats learn to avoid a tone-signaled footshock by stepping onto a nearby platform. An advantage of this task is that freezing, which can interfere with avoidance, is reduced, thereby facilitating comparison of the effects of manipulations on avoidance versus freezing. After 10 d of avoidance training, rats were infused with muscimol to pharmacologically inactivate the prelimbic cortex (PL), infralimbic cortex (IL), ventral striatum (VS), or basolateral amygdala (BLA). Inactivating PL, VS, or BLA all impaired avoidance expression, but these areas differed with respect to freezing. Inactivating BLA decreased freezing consistent with loss of the tone–shock association, whereas inactivation of VS increased freezing consistent with loss of avoidance memory. Inactivation of PL had no effect on freezing. Inactivation of IL did not impair avoidance expression but did impair avoidance extinction. Our findings suggest that active avoidance is mediated by prefrontal–striatal circuits, which may be overactive in individuals suffering from trauma-related disorders.
A Hybrid Electrical/Chemical Circuit in the Spinal Cord Generates a Transient Embryonic Motor Behavior
Authors: Knogler Laura D. , Ryan Joel , Saint-Amant Louis , Drapeau Pierre
Published: July 2014

Spontaneous network activity is a highly stereotyped early feature of developing circuits throughout the nervous system, including in the spinal cord. Spinal locomotor circuits produce a series of behaviors during development before locomotion that reflect the continual integration of spinal neurons into a functional network, but how the circuitry is reconfigured is not understood. The first behavior of the zebrafish embryo (spontaneous coiling) is mediated by an electrical circuit that subsequently generates mature locomotion (swimming) as chemical neurotransmission develops. We describe here a new spontaneous behavior, double coiling, that consists of two alternating contractions of the tail in rapid succession. Double coiling was glutamate-dependent and required descending hindbrain excitation, similar to but preceding swimming, making it a discrete intermediary developmental behavior. At the cellular level, motoneurons had a distinctive glutamate-dependent activity pattern that correlated with double coiling. Two glutamatergic interneurons, CoPAs and CiDs, had different activity profiles during this novel behavior. CoPA neurons failed to show changes in activity patterns during the period in which double coiling appears, whereas CiD neurons developed a glutamate-dependent activity pattern that correlated with double coiling and they innervated motoneurons at that time. Additionally, double coils were modified after pharmacological reduction of glycinergic neurotransmission such that embryos produced three or more rapidly alternating coils. We propose that double coiling behavior represents an important transition of the motor network from an electrically coupled spinal cord circuit that produces simple periodic coils to a spinal network driven by descending chemical neurotransmission, which generates more complex behaviors.
Frontal White Matter Tracts Sustaining Speech Production in Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Mandelli Maria Luisa , Caverzasi Eduardo , Binney Richard J. , Henry Maya L. , Lobach Iryna , Block Nikolas , Amirbekian Bagrat , Dronkers Nina , Miller Bruce L. , Henry Roland G. , Gorno-Tempini Maria Luisa
Published: July 2014

In primary progressive aphasia (PPA), speech and language difficulties are caused by neurodegeneration of specific brain networks. In the nonfluent/agrammatic variant (nfvPPA), motor speech and grammatical deficits are associated with atrophy in a left fronto-insular-striatal network previously implicated in speech production.
In vivo
dissection of the crossing white matter (WM) tracts within this “speech production network” is complex and has rarely been performed in health or in PPA. We hypothesized that damage to these tracts would be specific to nfvPPA and would correlate with differential aspects of the patients' fluency abilities. We prospectively studied 25 PPA and 21 healthy individuals who underwent extensive cognitive testing and 3 T MRI. Using residual bootstrap Q-ball probabilistic tractography on high angular resolution diffusion-weighted imaging (HARDI), we reconstructed pathways connecting posterior inferior frontal, inferior premotor, insula, supplementary motor area (SMA) complex, striatum, and standard ventral and dorsal language pathways. We extracted tract-specific diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics to assess changes across PPA variants and perform brain–behavioral correlations. Significant WM changes in the left intrafrontal and frontostriatal pathways were found in nfvPPA, but not in the semantic or logopenic variants. Correlations between tract-specific DTI metrics with cognitive scores confirmed the specific involvement of this anterior–dorsal network in fluency and suggested a preferential role of a posterior premotor-SMA pathway in motor speech. This study shows that left WM pathways connecting the speech production network are selectively damaged in nfvPPA and suggests that different tracts within this system are involved in subcomponents of fluency. These findings emphasize the emerging role of diffusion imaging in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
A New Pathway Mediating Social Effects on the Endocrine System: Female Presence Acting via Norepinephrine Release Stimulates Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone in the Paraventricular Nucleus and Suppresses Luteinizing Hormone in Quail
Authors: Tobari Yasuko , Son You Lee , Ubuka Takayoshi , Hasegawa Yoshihisa , Tsutsui Kazuyoshi
Published: July 2014

Rapid effects of social interactions on transient changes in hormonal levels are known in a wide variety of vertebrate taxa, ranging from fish to humans. Although these responses are mediated by the brain, neurochemical pathways that translate social signals into reproductive physiological changes are unclear. In this study, we analyzed how a female presence modifies synthesis and/or release of various neurochemicals, such as monoamines and neuropeptides, in the brain and downstream reproductive hormones in sexually active male Japanese quail. By viewing a female bird, sexually active males rapidly increased norepinephrine (NE) release in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, in which gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) neuronal cell bodies exist, increased GnIH precursor mRNA expression in the PVN, and decreased luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration in the plasma. GnIH is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that inhibits gonadotropin secretion from the pituitary. It was further shown that GnIH can rapidly suppress LH release after intravenous administration in this study. Centrally administered NE decreased plasma LH concentration
in vivo
. It was also shown that NE stimulated the release of GnIH from diencephalic tissue blocks
in vitro
. Fluorescence double-label immunohistochemistry indicated that GnIH neurons received noradrenergic innervations, and immunohistochemistry combined with
in situ
hybridization have further shown that GnIH neurons expressed α2A-adrenergic receptor mRNA. These results indicate that a female presence increases NE release in the PVN and stimulates GnIH release, resulting in the suppression of LH release in sexually active male quail.
Sounds Activate Visual Cortex and Improve Visual Discrimination
Authors: Feng Wenfeng , Störmer Viola S. , Martinez Antigona , McDonald John J. , Hillyard Steven A.
Published: July 2014

A recent study in humans (McDonald et al., 2013) found that peripheral, task-irrelevant sounds activated contralateral visual cortex automatically as revealed by an auditory-evoked contralateral occipital positivity (ACOP) recorded from the scalp. The present study investigated the functional significance of this cross-modal activation of visual cortex, in particular whether the sound-evoked ACOP is predictive of improved perceptual processing of a subsequent visual target. A trial-by-trial analysis showed that the ACOP amplitude was markedly larger preceding correct than incorrect pattern discriminations of visual targets that were colocalized with the preceding sound. Dipole modeling of the scalp topography of the ACOP localized its neural generators to the ventrolateral extrastriate visual cortex. These results provide direct evidence that the cross-modal activation of contralateral visual cortex by a spatially nonpredictive but salient sound facilitates the discriminative processing of a subsequent visual target event at the location of the sound. Recordings of event-related potentials to the targets support the hypothesis that the ACOP is a neural consequence of the automatic orienting of visual attention to the location of the sound.
Estimates of Projection Overlap and Zones of Convergence within Frontal-Striatal Circuits
Authors: Averbeck Bruno B. , Lehman Julia , Jacobson Moriah , Haber Suzanne N.
Published: July 2014

Frontal-striatal circuits underlie important decision processes, and pathology in these circuits is implicated in many psychiatric disorders. Studies have shown a topographic organization of cortical projections into the striatum. However, work has also shown that there is considerable overlap in the striatal projection zones of nearby cortical regions. To characterize this in detail, we quantified the complete striatal projection zones from 34 cortical injection locations in rhesus monkeys. We first fit a statistical model that showed that the projection zone of a cortical injection site could be predicted with considerable accuracy using a cross-validated model estimated on only the other injection sites. We then examined the fraction of overlap in striatal projection zones as a function of distance between cortical injection sites, and found that there was a highly regular relationship. Specifically, nearby cortical locations had as much as 80% overlap, and the amount of overlap decayed exponentially as a function of distance between the cortical injection sites. Finally, we found that some portions of the striatum received inputs from all the prefrontal regions, making these striatal zones candidates as information-processing hubs. Thus, the striatum is a site of convergence that allows integration of information spread across diverse prefrontal cortical areas.
Heat shock factor 2 is a stress‐responsive mediator of neuronal migration defects in models of fetal alcohol syndrome
Authors: El Fatimy Rachid , Miozzo Federico , Le Mouël Anne , Abane Ryma , Schwendimann Leslie , Sabéran‐Djoneidi Délara , de Thonel Aurélie , Massaoudi Illiasse , Paslaru Liliana , Hashimoto‐Torii Kazue , Christians Elisabeth , Rakic Pasko , Gressens Pierre , Mezger Valérie
Published: July 2014

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a frequent cause of mental retardation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying brain development defects induced by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy are unclear. We used normal and Hsf2‐deficient mice and cell systems to uncover a pivotal role for heat shock factor 2 (HSF2) in radial neuronal migration defects in the cortex, a hallmark of fetal alcohol exposure. Upon fetal alcohol exposure, HSF2 is essential for the triggering of HSF1 activation, which is accompanied by distinctive post‐translational modifications, and HSF2 steers the formation of atypical alcohol‐specific HSF1–HSF2 heterocomplexes. This perturbs the in vivo binding of HSF2 to heat shock elements (HSEs) in genes that control neuronal migration in normal conditions, such as p35 or the MAPs (microtubule‐associated proteins, such as Dclk1 and Dcx), and alters their expression. In the absence of HSF2, migration defects as well as alterations in gene expression are reduced. Thus, HSF2, as a sensor for alcohol stress in the fetal brain, acts as a mediator of the neuronal migration defects associated with FASD.
A system‐level model for the microbial regulatory genome
Authors: Brooks Aaron N , Reiss David J , Allard Antoine , Wu Wei‐Ju , Salvanha Diego M , Plaisier Christopher L , Chandrasekaran Sriram , Pan Min , Kaur Amardeep , Baliga Nitin S
Published: July 2014

Microbes can tailor transcriptional responses to diverse environmental challenges despite having streamlined genomes and a limited number of regulators. Here, we present data‐driven models that capture the dynamic interplay of the environment and genome‐encoded regulatory programs of two types of prokaryotes: Escherichia coli (a bacterium) and Halobacterium salinarum (an archaeon). The models reveal how the genome‐wide distributions of cis‐acting gene regulatory elements and the conditional influences of transcription factors at each of those elements encode programs for eliciting a wide array of environment‐specific responses. We demonstrate how these programs partition transcriptional regulation of genes within regulons and operons to re‐organize gene–gene functional associations in each environment. The models capture fitness‐relevant co‐regulation by different transcriptional control mechanisms acting across the entire genome, to define a generalized, system‐level organizing principle for prokaryotic gene regulatory networks that goes well beyond existing paradigms of gene regulation. An online resource (http://egrin2.systemsbiology.net) has been developed to facilitate multiscale exploration of conditional gene regulation in the two prokaryotes.
Neuroimaging of Plasmacytoma
Authors: Agarwal Ajay
Published: July 2014

This pictorial review describes the spectrum of CT/MR imaging findings of solitary extramedullary and bone plasmacytomas in different locations related to neuroradiology. Plasmacytoma is considered a counterpart of multiple myeloma that is described as a solitary and discrete mass of monoclonal neoplastic plasma cells. It may arise from osseous (medullary) or extramedullary sites. Isolated extramedullary plasmacytoma is very rare and comprises less than 4% of all plasma cellular diseases of which more than 80% are localized to the submucosal lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. We will demonstrate imaging findings in ten histopathologically proven plasmacytomas in different locations related to neuroradiology. Extramedullar and osseous plasmacytoma show nonspecific CT and MR imaging findings. MR is the preferred modality for evaluation due to better soft tissue contrast. Features that may suggest the diagnosis of plasmacytoma are bulky soft tissue mass and relatively isointense signal on T2-weighted MR images due to high cellularity.
Trabalhadores temporários para o café: mecanização e núcleos coloniais em São Paulo, 1895-1911
Authors: Tessari Cláudia Alessandra
Published: July 2014

Este artigo examina o problema da mão de obra diante da expansão cafeeira ocorrida em São Paulo e da queda dos preços do café, na virada do século XIX para o século XX. Mais especificamente, este texto trata de alguns aspectos do debate que destacava a necessidade de redução dos custos com mão de obra frente às dificuldades que envolviam a contínua expansão da produção cafeeira naquele momento. As propostas discutidas no artigo privilegiavam a mecanização do cultivo e a flexibilização do trabalho por meio da contratação de trabalhadores temporários. A implantação de núcleos coloniais estrategicamente localizados poderia contribuir para incrementar a oferta desse tipo de trabalhador. A análise deste debate mostra que segmentos da elite econômica paulista tinham clara consciência, já naquele momento, de que somente a garantia de oferta abundante de mão de obra para os momentos de demanda intensa de trabalho na agricultura permitiria a mecanização e a flexibilidade de contratação.
Bases nacionais para o ensino da leitura e da linguagem na escola primária (1949)
Authors: Gontijo Cláudia Maria Mendes , Campos Dulcinéa
Published: July 2014

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o documento intitulado Leitura e linguagem no ensino primário: sugestões para organização e desenvolvimento de programas. Faz parte de uma pesquisa documental mais ampla, cuja finalidade é analisar a alfabetização na história da educação do estado do Espírito Santo. O documento examinado neste texto foi publicado pelo Ministério da Educação e Saúde e pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos Pedagógicos (INEP), em 1949, com a finalidade de orientar ou fornecer normas gerais para a organização dos programas de ensino primário nos estados brasileiros. Considerando o interesse em estudar orientações destinadas à fase inicial de escolarização, foram escolhidas para análise as orientações relativas ao ensino da leitura e da linguagem escrita e oral na primeira série do curso primário elementar. Enfatiza as concepções de linguagem que orientam o programa e as bases teóricas e metodológicas que sustentam o ensino da leitura e da linguagem na escola primária.
Levinas e a reconstrução da subjetividade ética aproximações com o campo da educação
Authors: Miranda José Valdinei Albuquerque de
Published: July 2014

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir o conceito de subjetividade em sua relação com a alteridade em educação, com base no pensamento filosófico de Emanuel Levinas. Inicialmente, apresenta a discussão da subjetividade na filosofia moderna e sua forma de concebê-la como ideal de sujeito livre e soberano. Em seguida, desenvolve uma análise crítica que problematiza a pretensa soberania do sujeito e reconstrói uma nova subjetividade ética, situada na condição de refém, capaz de acolher a irredutível alteridade do Outro enquanto ideia do infinito. No contexto de reconstrução da subjetividade, o estudo estabelece aproximações com o campo da educação, destacando a experiência educativa como um acontecimento ético por excelência.
A questão do outro e o diálogo
Authors: Hermann Nadja
Published: July 2014

Este artigo situa a questão do outro no âmbito da ética em educação. Inicialmente apresenta esclarecimentos sobre o tema para, em seguida, expor a interpretação fenomenológica de Bernhard Waldenfels, que mostra os limites de nosso entendimento e defende a forma de acesso ao outro como uma "peculiar lógica de resposta", rompendo com a abordagem dialógica. Na sequência, apresenta a posição de Hans-Georg Gadamer, que retoma o diálogo platônico baseado na hermenêutica filosófica, retendo o lógos que pode ser compartilhado por todos, de modo que construa uma ponte entre o eu e o outro. Por fim, indica o potencial explicativo das duas posições para compreender a dimensão tensional presente na relação com a alteridade. Os esforços educacionais de ir ao encontro da singularidade do outro requer ultrapassar uma visão metafísica apropriadora. Na experiência dialógica alojam-se as expectativas de uma abertura ética para criarmos um mundo comum.
Para além do sujeito isolado modelos antropológicos para pensar a educação
Authors: Valle Lílian do
Published: July 2014

Como explicar a parca atenção que a área da educação reservava e, até certo ponto, continua a reservar para a interrogação sobre o humano? Posto que a introdução da questão antropológica não implica necessariamente a volta aos engodos das verdades universais, nem se opõe, por definição, aos "recortes" a que se submete a realidade, o que se abre para nós é a via para as interrogações de que se alimenta a prática da formação e para as elucidações (provisórias e limitadas) que a teoria lhe deve. E entre elas estão, antes de quaisquer outras, aquelas que se referem aos "tipos antropológicos" da escola: o professor e o aluno. Eis o que nos conduziu à crítica da noção de interioridade e à tentativa de elucidação das bases filosóficas do duplo isolamento em que se constrói a identidade contemporânea: em relação ao outro - mundo, materialidade, mas também sociedade e relações sociais - e em relação a si mesmo - heteronomia no processo de autoconstituição e de construção identitária.
A Teoria Política do Discurso como abordagem para o estudo das organizações de resistência: reflexões sobre o caso do Circuito Fora do Eixo
Authors: Barcellos Rebeca de Moraes Ribeiro de , Dellagnelo Eloise Helena do Livramento
Published: July 2014

Considerando a Teoria Política do Discurso (LACLAU; MOUFFE, 1985) como uma alternativa capaz de auxiliar na compreensão dos processos de resistência vivenciados por organizações contra-hegemônicas, os quais podem ilustrar práticas organizacionais alternativas, este trabalho buscou analisar o contexto de surgimento de uma experiência alternativa no contexto cultural - o Circuito Fora do Eixo. O estudo permite concluir que os conceitos propostos por esta teoria, tais como hegemonia, deslocamento, lógica de equivalência, ponto nodal e significante vazio, podem auxiliar a compreender a dinâmica de surgimento deste movimento. Nossas reflexões indicam que a TPD auxilia na compreensão do contexto organizacional das organizações contra-hegemônicas e de resistência, cuja abordagem ainda é deficiente no campo dos estudos organizacionais devido à falta de suporte teórico adequado para sua análise no contexto das Teorias Administrativas.
O Gestor Coletivo: psicodinâmica grupal em empresas assumidas por trabalhadores
Authors: Meira Fabio Bittencourt
Published: July 2014

Este artigo sumariza os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre o processo de organização das Empresas Assumidas por Trabalhadores (EAT) - empresas convencionais em processo falimentar que acabam administradas por ex-trabalhadores. A questão central é de que maneira o grupo de trabalhadores recria os vínculos, interações sociais e práticas administrativas herdadas? A resposta fundamenta-se na psicossociologia dos grupos e propõe um construto teórico designado gestor coletivo: nome dado ao conjunto de mecanismos operantes na elaboração subjetiva do grupo humano ao longo do processo de auto-organização. O construto é apresentado por meio de um estudo de caso, numa proposta expositiva de diálogo entre teoria e campo empírico. Os resultados corroboram o entendimento de que o trabalho de auto-organização é correlato ao trabalho de autolimitação do grupo humano. No caso das EAT, o processo parece orientar-se pelo ajuste seletivo e permanente de uma práxis transformadora - gestada pelo grupo - às restrições e contradições do entorno.
Elementos epistemológicos e metodológicos da Análise Sociológica do Discurso: abrindo possibilidades para os estudos organizacionais
Authors: Godoi Christiane Kleinübing , Coelho Ana Lúcia de Araújo Lima , Serrano Araceli
Published: July 2014

Análise Sociológica do Discurso (ASD), vinculada à Tradição Espanhola de Pesquisa Social Qualitativa, e uma de suas escolhas mais habituais, sequer é mencionada nos manuais de métodos qualitativos e de análise do discurso. Nos estudos organizacionais, o intercâmbio com as discussões do campo da sociologia pode permitir a desmistificação da análise do discurso ao encontrar uma metodologia preocupada não com o estilo textual internalista, ou estrutura subjacente, mas com a atuação deste complexo fenômeno cognitivo e social chamado discurso. Esse ensaio tem como objetivo sistematizar os elementos epistemológicos e metodológicos da Análise Sociológica do Discurso. Está estruturado nas seções: a) análise das origens da ASD; b) sistematização de elementos teórico-epistemológicos elegidos como relevantes tanto à compreensão do método quanto a sua diferenciação; c) desenvolvimento dos elementos metodológicos da ASD; e, por fim, d) alerta crítico aos riscos de pseudoanálise em ASD. Pretende-se, assim, iniciar a delimitação do espaço da ASD no âmbito dos estudos organizacionais brasileiros.
Rheological Characterisation of Pseudo Oil Base Mud from Local Materials
Authors: Ekeinde Evelyn , Dosunmu Adewale , Anyanwu Chimaroke , Esop Banny Banny , Odagme Baridon
Published: July 2014

Management of chemical instability in troublesome shales has intensified the need for operators to formulate less reactive muds to safely drill to target depths. While Oil Based Muds (OBMs) mitigate chemically induced drilling problems, they pose constraining issues including disposal and government regulations. Synthetic based drilling fluids (SBF) are a relatively new class of drilling muds that are useful particularly for deepwater and deviated hole drilling. While maintaining chemical stability in drilling operations disposal and biodegradability problems are taken care of. Nevertheless, the base oil for formulating SOBMs is imported at high costs. This work proposes the approach of using local materials such as palm kernel oil, soya beans oil, groundnut oil and palm oil as a base fluid in formulating synthetic base mud. The rheological properties of the locally produced pseudo oil based mud systems were characterized and compared with imported POBM based on API specification. After running chemical analysis, testing the rheological properties and stability of the mud, the palm kernel oil, soya beans oil and ground oil showed comparative results. Developing a local SBM is in line with the local content drive of the federal government and will open new opportunities in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria. SOBMs are biodegradable and thus environmental concerns are ruled out. It will also help us earn foreign exchange for the country by exporting surplus in Gulf of Guinea region. Product substitution from local materials will reduce foreign exchange expenditure and job exportation.
Hydrochloric Acid Applications to Improve Particle Gel Conformance Control Treatment
Authors: Imqam Abdulmohsin , Elue Hilary , Muhammed Farag A. , Bai Baojun
Published: July 2014

Millimeter-sized (10 μm~mm) particle gels have been used widely to control water flow through super-high-permeability zones and fracture zones in mature oil fields. During particle gel extrusion into target zones, the gel can form a cake on the surface of low-permeability, unswept formations. This cake reduces the effectiveness of conformance control as well as the amount of oil that can be recovered from unswept oil formations. Thus, we evaluated the effectiveness of using hydrochloric acid (HCL) to remove gel cakes induced during conformance-control treatments.

The interactions between HCL and particle gels were evaluated to understand the swelling, deswelling, and the gel strength after adding acid. A Hassler core holder was then used to determine the core permeability after gel and acid treatments. Gels swollen in brine concentrations of 0.05%, 1%, and 10% were injected into a sandstone core having a variety of permeabilities. Brine was then injected in cycles through the gel into the core. The core permeability was measured after gel particle injection and after the core surface with the gel cake was soaked in the acid solution for 12 hr. The results indicate that particles swollen in brine concentrations of 0.05% caused more damage than those swollen in higher concentrations of brine. The damage increased as the core permeability increased for all the swollen gels. The results also show that HCL removed the gel cake effectively, and varying HCL concentrations did not exhibit a significant difference in the gel cake-removal efficiency. The gel was found to swell much less in HCL solutions than in brine. After it was deswollen in acid, the gel strengths were measured and found to be higher than those swollen in brine. This work concludes that HCL can be used effectively to mitigate the damage induced by particle gels.
Combination of CJ-DSWP and HWU for Accomplishing Efficient Well Abandonment in Nigeria
Authors: Okwu Alaekwe Ewelike , Ikuenobe John
Published: July 2014

A major global oil and gas producer1 has recently embarked on decommissioning of temporarily abandoned wells onshore, Nigeria. This was largely informed by a drive to ensure commitment to safeguarding of people and the environment and to ensure industry regulatory compliance/best practice. In addition in some cases human habitation has since encroached around these wells; most of which were drilled over 30years ago and have since outlived their useful life. 1

The decommissioning entailed total removal of both surface and sub-surface well equipment, installing permanent barriers to effectively isolate fresh water reservoirs from hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs in an environmentally safe manner, and subsequently restore the surface location, as close as possible, to its original state. Therefore, traditionally a conventional work-over rig would have been required.

However, after an in-depth analysis –technical, economic and safety- the producer chose a combination of the Hydraulic Workover Unit (HWU) and the Casing Jack Dual Stage Work Platform (CJ-DSWP) over the conventional workover rig. The HWU3 and CJ-DSWP4 was provided by Tecon Oil Services, an indigenous services company. The HWU and CJ-DSWP are compact hydraulic units with very small foot print; HWU rigged up directly on the wellhead2, is used to POOH (pull out of hole) the tubing strings and to secure/plug the well, CJ-DSWP deploys internal pressure pipe cutter to cut the casing, safely pull the casing to surface and cut them to shorter lengths for easy handling.

The combination of the HWU and CJ-DSWP has safely decommissioned over 4wells as at December 2013 and also brings a huge cost saving compared to conventional workover rig. This paper is a review of how the HWU and CJ-DSWP duo have been able to accomplish this. It highlights the advantages HWU-CJDSWP offered and as well as the challenges that were encountered.
Limiting Water Production Using Linear Darcy's Flow Concept in an Open Hole Gravel Pack Completion in Deepwater West Africa
Authors: Martin F. , Atebe J. , Tueje M.
Published: July 2014

Well A from a deepwater development project in West Africa was designed to produce oil from a sandstone reservoir buried approximately 2200m below seabed. To maximize reservoir exposure, the trajectory was designed to have a sub horizontal drain (70°) over a 430m long open hole. Sand control was also required so that sand free production will be ensured. The Open hole gravel pack technique was selected to achieve these objectives.

While drilling the reservoir section, a 43m long unexpected water bearing layer was found below the production casing shoe, 100m away from the main oil reservoir objective. With no specific equipment available to provide a perfect isolation of the unexpected water bearing sands encountered, alternative plans had to be considered for completion of the well on a short timeframe. Being an open hole completion, it was considered too risky to suspend the well in order to procure specialized equipment for water shut-off. The Drilling and Completion team made the decision to apply the physics of linear Darcy's flow to mitigate the potential water production.

This paper aims at describing how the challenges brought by this water zone were successfully overcome leading to the delivery of a $90M well showing positive initial results i.e. good PI, good skin, no sand production and no noticeable water production.
Influence of Aquifer Support on Gas Condensate Reservoir Performance
Authors: Izuwa Nkemakolam Chinedu , Nwosu Chimezie Nnanedum
Published: July 2014

Reservoir gas can condense to liquid when reservoir pressure declines below dew point pressure. This liquid will remain in the formation and then reduce productivity and deliverability of wells due to blockage problem. A method of improving the recovery is allowing for aquifer water influx/water injection and gas injection to maintain reservoir pressure and prevent it from falling rapidly.

This paper investigates the influence of aquifer support on gas-condensate reservoir. A zero-dimensional (material balance) approach was used for the reservoir model and prediction. Optimal hydrocarbon production and effect of aquifer influx were studied using different aquifer sizes. Results of gas volumes, condensate and total fluid recovery in percentage were analyzed for the case study reservoir without aquifer influx as the first scenario and with aquifer influx as the second scenario. The results show that aquifer influx reduces condensate accumulation in the reservoir by driving them to the surface.