bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inbreeding effects on telomeres in hatchling sand lizards (Lacerta agilis): An optimal family affair?
Authors: Olsson Mats , Bererhi Badreddine , Miller Emily , Schwartz Tonia , Rollings Nicky , Lindsay Willow , Wapstra Erik
Published: October 2022

Telomeres are nucleotide‐protein caps, predominantly at the ends of Metazoan linear chromosomes, showing complex dynamics with regard to their lengthening and shortening through life. Their complexity has entertained the idea that net telomere length and attrition could be valuable biomarkers of phenotypic and genetic quality of their bearer. Intuitively, those individuals could be more heterozygous and, hence, less inbred. However, some inbred taxa have longer, not shorter, telomeres. To understand the role of inbreeding in this complex scenario we need large samples across a range of genotypes with known maternity and paternity in telomere‐screened organisms under natural conditions. We assessed the effects of parental and hatchling inbreeding on telomere length in >1300 offspring from >500 sires and dams in a population of sand lizards (Lacerta agilis). Maternal and paternal ID and their interactions predict hatchling telomere length at substantial effect sizes (R2 > .50). Deviation from mean maternal heterozygosity statistically predicts shorter offspring telomeres but this only when sibship is controlled for by paternal ID, and then is still limited (R2 = .06). Raw maternal heterozygosity scores, ignoring absolute deviation from the mean, explained 0.07% of the variance in hatchling telomere length. In conclusion, inbreeding is not a driver of telomere dynamics in the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) study system.
WOX11 and CRL1 act synergistically to promote crown root development by maintaining cytokinin homeostasis in rice
Authors: Geng Leping , Li Qi , Jiao Lele , Xiang Yimeng , Deng Qiyu , Zhou Dao‐Xiu , Zhao Yu
Published: October 2022

Crown root (CR) morphogenesis is critical for normal growth and nutrition absorption in cereals. In rice, WUSCHEL‐RELATED HOMEOBOX11 (WOX11) and CROWN ROOTLESS1 (CRL1) play vital roles in controlling CR development. Despite their importance, whether and how the two regulators coordinate CR formation remains unclear.

Electrophoretic mobility shift assays, transient expression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation qPCR suggested that WOX11 and CRL1 directly bind to OsCKX4 to regulate its expression during CR development.

CRL1 enhances OsCKX4 activation through direct interaction with WOX11 at root emergence and elongation stages. Genetic dissection showed that the wox11/crl1 double mutant exhibits a more severe root phenotype. OsCKX4 knockout plants generated by CRISPR/Cas9 exhibited fewer CRs and higher cytokinin levels in the root meristem. Increased expression of OsCKX4 could partially complement the CR phenotypes of both crl1 and wox11 mutants. Furthermore, cytokinin can promote WOX11 protein accumulation in the root meristem.

Together, these findings show that cytokinin accumulation is tightly regulated by the WOX11‐CRL1 complex during CR elongation by counteracting the negative regulatory effects of cytokinin on root development. Importantly, these results reveal an intrinsic link between WOX11 protein accumulation and cytokinin to maintain CR growth.
Worldwide prevalence of geographic tongue in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pereira Renata da Paz Leal , de Oliveira Júlia Meller Dias , Pauletto Patrícia , Munhoz Etiene de Andrade , Silva Guerra Eliete Neves , Massignan Carla , De Luca Canto Graziela
Published: October 2022

To identify the prevalence of geographic tongue in patients >18 years. A systematic literature review was performed in search of population‐based observational studies. Searches were performed using five main databases: Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science; and three gray literature sources: Google Scholar, ProQuest, and OpenGrey. In addition, a manual search in the reference list and consultation with experts on the topic studied were performed. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's checklist for prevalence studies. Ratio meta‐analyses were performed using JAMOVI. Initially, 3046 studies were identified. After a two‐phase selection, 11 studies were included for quantitative synthesis. Two studies were classified as of low methodological quality, five studies as of moderate quality, and four as of high quality. Two types of prevalence were analyzed: by period and point. Three studies were included in the period prevalence meta‐analysis, and the prevalence was 3% (Confidence interval [CI]: 0.4%–5.5%, n = 9813). Eight studies were included in the point‐prevalence meta‐analysis, and the prevalence was 3% (CI: −0.2% to 5.5%, n = 10,967). Although there are phases of exacerbation and remission in geographic tongue, prevalence and period prevalence were similar. Approximately one in 30 adults has a geographic tongue.
Ventricular arrhythmias in Kearns–Sayre syndrome: A cohort study using the National Inpatient Sample database 2016–2019
Authors: Wiseman Kyle , Gor Dhairya , Udongwo Ndausung , Alshami Abbas , Upadhaya Vandan , Daniels Steven J. , Chung Wendy K. , Koo Charles H.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Degeneration of the cardiac conduction system resulting in complete heart block (CHB), ventricular arrhythmias (VA), and sudden cardiac death (SCD) is recognized in patients with Kearns–Sayre syndrome (KSS) and is potentially preventable with permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation. However, other mechanisms for SCD have been proposed, and the efficacy of implanting a defibrillator instead of PPM remains to be investigated.

METHODS

We utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 2016–2019 to investigate the risk of VA or dysrhythmic cardiac arrest (dCA) in KSS patients. We compared the outcomes of KSS to myotonic dystrophy (MD), a more common genetic disorder with similar clinical cardiac features and course.

RESULTS

We identified 640 admissions for KSS. VA or dCA were lower in admissions for KSS than MD patients (2.3% vs. 4.5%, p = .009). Device implantation differed between study groups. Approximately, 70% of cases with KSS and conduction abnormalities had pacemaker (± defibrillator) on hospital discharge, compared to 35% in MD. Conduction abnormalities were associated with higher rates of VA or dCA in both study groups. None of the admissions for KSS patients who developed VA or dCA had a pacemaker, and all of them had conduction abnormalities. One‐third of admissions for MD patients who developed VA or dCA had a device already implanted prior to the event.

CONCLUSION

Despite its effectiveness in preventing VA, PPM remains underutilized in patients with KSS or MD who have conduction abnormalities. PPM alone do not fully prevent VA in MD patients; therefore, addition of defibrillator capacity might be necessary.
MPK6‐mediated HY5 phosphorylation regulates light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit
Authors: Xing Yifan , Sun Wenjing , Sun Yuying , Li Jialin , Zhang Jie , Wu Ting , Song Tingting , Yao Yuncong , Tian Ji
Published: October 2022

Light is known to regulate anthocyanin pigment biosynthesis in plants on several levels, but the significance of protein phosphorylation in light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation needs further investigation. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of the apple fruit phosphoproteome in response to light, using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Among the differentially phosphorylated proteins, the bZIP (basic leucine zipper) transcription factor, HY5, which has been identified as an anthocyanin regulator, was rapidly activated by light treatment of the fruit. We hypothesized that phosphorylated MdHY5 may play a role in light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation of apple fruit. Protein interaction and phosphorylation assays showed that mitogen‐activated protein kinase MdMPK6 directly interacted with, and activated, MdHY5 via phosphorylation under light conditions, thereby increasing its stability. Consistent with this finding, the suppression of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase genes MdMPK6 or MdHY5 resulted in an inhibition of anthocyanin accumulation, and further showed that light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation is dependent on MdMPK6 kinase activity, and is required for maximum MdHY5 activity. Under light conditions, active MdMPK6 phosphorylated MdHY5 leading to accumulation of phospho‐MdHY5, which enhanced the binding of MdHY5 to its target anthocyanin related genes in fruit. Our findings reveal an MdMPK6–MdHY5 phosphorylation pathway in light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation, providing new insights into the regulation of light‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruit at both the transcriptional and post‐translational levels.
Molecular mechanisms and genetic improvement of low‐phosphorus tolerance in rice
Authors: Lu Hong , Wang Fei , Wang Yan , Lin Rongbin , Wang Zhiye , Mao Chuanzao
Published: October 2022

Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient required for plant growth and reproduction. Orthophosphate (Pi), the preferred P form for plant uptake, is easily fixed in the soil, making it unavailable to plants. Limited phosphate rock resources, low phosphate fertilizer use efficiency and high demands for green agriculture production make it important to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to P deficiency and to improve plant phosphate efficiency in crops. Over the past 20 years, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of the plant P starvation response. Here, we systematically review current research on the mechanisms of Pi acquisition, transport and distribution from the rhizosphere to the shoot; Pi redistribution and reuse during reproductive growth; and the molecular mechanisms of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Pi deficiency. Furthermore, we discuss several strategies for boosting P utilization efficiency and yield in rice.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation activities and HRQOL of refugee or asylum seeker children in Turkey: A multicenter study
Authors: Gurlek Gokcebay Dilek , Küpeli Serhan , Gürsel Orhan , Arman Bilir Ozlem , Akyay Arzu , Pekpak Esra , Akbayram Sinan , Öncül Yurday , Meral Güneş Adalet , Kirkiz Serap , Çakı Kılıç Suar , Ok Bozkaya İkbal , Ozbek Namık Yasar
Published: October 2022

Background

Refugee or asylum seekers (RAS) children are at increased risk of physical, developmental, and behavioral health issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and psychosocial outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in RAS children and compare health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) to those of Turkish peers.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients who underwent HSCT aged 0–18 years and completed 100‐day post‐transplant. The PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scale was used in children over 5 years old to compare HRQOL.

Results

A total of 166 RAS patients (M/F: 106 /60) underwent 174 HSCTs (six patients had two, and one had three HSCT) compared to 66 Turkish patients. The mean age of the patients in the RAS group was 7.8 ± 4.9 years and similar to controls. A total of 124 patients (75%) were from Syria, and 49 (25%) were from other countries in the Middle East and Africa. The cause of migration was war in 121 (74%) RAS patients. Complications of HSCT were no different between the groups. However, the rate of neutropenic sepsis was significantly higher in the RAS group (p = 0.004). The total scores of HRQOL were not different between RAS and controls. In the RAS group, ratings of social functioning were lower in patients with consanguinity or non‐malignant disease or who had match‐related donors.

Discussion

Identifying areas of difficulty in subscales of HRQOL may help physicians to classify patients who need additional supportive care. Regular monitoring and supporting physical needs may result in better functional outcomes after HSCT.
Skin type specific photobiological response to visible light is mediated by constitutional melanin
Authors: Lim Hester Gail , Kerns Michelle L. , Brown Isabelle D. , Kang Sewon , Chien Anna L.
Published: October 2022

Background

Visible light (VL) induces varying photobiological responses between skin types, likely influenced by inherent melanization. Individual typology angle (ITA) objectively measures skin types. We hypothesize that epidermal melanin content and distribution determine VL response.

Objectives

This study describes clinical and histologic responses to VL and examines the potential role of melanin in the underlying mechanistic pathways.

Methods

We grouped enrolled participants by ITA (Light = 5, Intermediate = 4, Dark = 7) per colorimetry (CR‐400, Konica Minolta). Photoprotected sites were exposed daily to 480 J/cm2 of VL (Fiber‐Lite High Intensity Illuminator, Series 180, Dolan Jenner Industries Inc.) for 4 days (total = 1920 J/cm2), as tolerated. Treated and control sites were biopsied 96 h after first exposure. We used hematoxylin and eosin and Fontana‐Mason to assess histological changes and melanin deposition, respectively. p53 and Ki67 immunohistochemical stains were done to assess DNA damage and proliferation. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence microscopy.

Results

Darker skin did not tolerate the full VL regimen with blistering occurring in most subjects at doses of 220–880 J/cm2. Intermediate and Dark skin showed tanning. Light skin developed erythema. p53 counts were highest in Intermediate, followed by Light skin, although this was not statistically significant. VL treatment led to MMP‐1 expression and nuclear localization in keratinocytes in Dark and Intermediate but not in Light skin, however differences between groups were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Skin types demonstrate unique biological responses to VL. The role of melanin in photoprotection is well‐defined. However, given the pro‐apoptotic function of nuclear MMPs, we suggest a potential mechanism by which melanin may mediate VL‐induced phototoxicity.
Does intrahousehold bargaining power enhance women's marital satisfaction? A perspective from two competing forces in China
Authors: Li Zhongwu
Published: October 2022

In the context of two competing forces (i.e., socioeconomic transformation vs. traditional cultural norms) influencing Chinese family and its members, the paper uses the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to empirically examine the causal relation between intrahousehold bargaining power and women's marital satisfaction. By employing an instrumental variable approach, the paper finds that intrahousehold bargaining power negatively affects women's marital satisfaction. This conclusion remains valid after performing various robustness checks. However, there are some heterogeneous effects found that the negative effect is particularly significant among those women of higher age and constrained by external traditional norms. These women are more conservative in their own thoughts and thus tend to support the traditional gender belief of “men being the masters of the family.”
Splenectomy outcomes in patients with autoimmune cytopenias and persistent antiphospholipid antibodies
Authors: Rangel‐Patiño Juan , Barrera‐Vargas Ana , Govea‐Pelaéz Samuel , Merayo‐Chalico Javier , Pérez‐Sámano Daniela , Vargas‐Serafín Omar , Demichelis‐Gómez Roberta
Published: October 2022

Background

Splenectomy is a therapy for patients with treatment‐refractory autoimmune cytopenias. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) can be identified in 25%–85% of these patients. In this study, we sought to identify whether the presence of aPL was associated with worse outcomes in autoimmune cytopenia's patients who had undergone splenectomy.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent splenectomy from 2000 to 2018. We describe clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with autoimmune cytopenia's diagnosis with positive determinations of aPL. Additionally, we performed a case–control sub‐analysis 1:1 of the cases with autoimmune cytopenia's matched control patients with negative aPL determination.

Results

A splenectomy was performed in 707 patients, of which we included 34 for the analysis. The median age at the time of splenectomy was 37 years (range 19–61), 53% corresponded to immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and 47% to autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Compared with controls (n = 34), patients had more treatment lines in addition to steroids (p = .02). There were no differences in complete response rate, 65% in cases and 80% in controls (p = .17). However, there was numerically a higher incidence of early infections (21% of cases vs. 3% controls, p = .05). During the entire follow‐up, 15% of aPL patients compared with 9% of control patients had a thrombotic event (p = .70).

Discussion

Splenectomy for treatment‐refractory autoimmune cytopenia's patients with persistent aPL is an effective treatment despite some safety concerns related to early infections. These results suggest that the presence of aPL should not impact the decision to undergo splenectomy.
The effect of the Messinian salinity crisis on the early diversification of the Tettigettalna cicadas
Authors: Costa Gonçalo J. , Nunes Vera L. , Marabuto Eduardo , Mendes Raquel , Silva Diogo N. , Pons Pere , Bas Josep M. , Hertach Thomas , Paulo Octávio S. , Simões Paula C.
Published: October 2022

The current distribution patterns of many Mediterranean species are often a consequence of large and impactful past geoclimatic events, such as the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) and the Quaternary glacial cycles. Cicadas are flying insects with poor dispersal ability, which have experienced intense local differentiation in the Mediterranean, where the genus Tettigettalna has surfaced as a biogeographic model. The genus includes 10 species with species‐specific calling songs but identical morphology. All Tettigettalna species are restricted to Southern Iberia, with the exception of T. estrellae (northwest Iberia), the widespread T. argentata (mainly Iberia, France and Italy), and T. afroamissa (Morocco). With an expanded genetic dataset involving nuclear (EF1α) and mitochondrial (5′ and 3′ COI and ATP) loci, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the genus and estimated divergence dates for Tettigettalna species under a Bayesian framework. Phylogeny with the new mitochondrial dataset was in agreement with previous studies, whereas the nuclear EF1α supported T. josei and T. afroamissa as monophyletic clades but lacked resolution to resolve the remaining taxa. Some sister taxa share mitochondrial haplotypes, hinting for incomplete lineage sorting. Estimates of divergence time settled T. josei as the earliest diverging lineage, likely as a pre‐ or early‐MSC event. As for the origin of T. afroamissa in Morocco, though time estimates could not entirely rule out post‐MSC dispersal, the most likely scenario points to isolation of African Tettigettalna after the reopening of the strait of Gibraltar. The Pleistocene glaciations that followed likely impacted on the diversification of the remaining species of the genus in southern Iberia refugia.
Generation of quantum coherence for continuous variables between causally disconnected regions in dilaton spacetime
Authors: Xiao Qinglong , Wen Cuihong , Jing Jiliang , Wang Jieci
Published: October 2022

We study the dynamics of Gaussian quantum coherence under the background of a Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger dilaton black hole. It is shown that the dilaton field has evident effects on the degree of coherence for all the bipartite subsystems. The bipartite Gaussian coherence is not affected by the frequency of the scalar field for an uncharged or an extreme dilaton black hole. It is found that the initial coherence is not completely destroyed even for an extreme dilaton black hole, which is quite different from the behavior of quantum steering because the latter suffers from a “sudden death” under the same conditions. This is nontrivial because one can employ quantum coherence as a resource for quantum information processing tasks even if quantum correlations have been destroyed by the strong gravitational field. In addition, it is demonstrated that the generation of quantum coherence between the initial separable modes is easier for low-frequency scalar fields. At the same time, quantum coherence is smoothly generated betweenone pair of partners and exhibits a “sudden birth” behavior between another pairs in the curved spacetime.
Long term measurement of the $$^{222}$$Rn concentration in the Canfranc Underground Laboratory
Authors: Amaré J. , Bandac I. , Blancas A. , Borjabad S. , Buisán S. , Cebrián S. , Cintas D. , Coarasa I. , García E. , Martínez M. , Núñez-Lagos R. , Oliván M. A. , Ortigoza Y. , de Solórzano A. Ortiz , Pérez C. , Puimedón J. , Rodríguez S. , Salinas A. , Sarsa M. L. , Villar P.
Published: October 2022

We report the results of 6 years (2013–2018) of measurements of $$^{222}$$

222

Rn air concentration, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure and temperature in the halls A, B and C of the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC). We have calculated all the Pearson correlation coefficients among these parameters and we have found a positive correlation between the $$^{222}$$

222

Rn concentration and the relative humidity. Both correlated variables show a seasonal periodicity. The joint analysis of laboratory data and 4 years (2015–2018) of the meteorological variables outside the laboratory shows the correlation between the $$^{222}$$

222

Rn concentration and the outside temperature. The collected information stresses the relevance of designing good Rn-mitigation strategies in current and future experiments at LSC; in particular, we have checked for two years (2017–2018) the good performance of the mitigation procedure of the ANAIS-112 experiment. Finally, we have monitored (2019–2021) for 2 years of live time, the radon-free air provided by the radon abatement system installed in the laboratory.
Imprints of anisotropy on the power spectrum in matter dominated bouncing universe as background
Authors: Modan Asha B. , Panda Sukanta , Rana Arun
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we aim to investigate the effects of the anisotropy on the scale-invariant power spectrum considering the matter-dominated collapsing universe as background and look for the deviations from the scale invariance. Having set up this background, we consider a test massless scalar field and work out the correlations for the field, first by using the perturbative approach in which the anisotropic background is approximated with an effective isotropic metric represented by the metric of matter dominated collapsing universe, second by directly solving the field equation numerically, and then obtain the power spectrum for the range of modes which are of cosmological interest. Using both techniques, we get an upper bound on the deviation in the power spectrum from the scale invariance. We also work out the power spectrum for much smaller modes and look at whether it is possible to explain the observed anomalies in CMB via the matter bounce scenario.
The deep space quantum link: prospective fundamental physics experiments using long-baseline quantum optics
Authors: Mohageg Makan , Mazzarella Luca , Anastopoulos Charis , Gallicchio Jason , Hu Bei-Lok , Jennewein Thomas , Johnson Spencer , Lin Shih-Yuin , Ling Alexander , Marquardt Christoph , Meister Matthias , Newell Raymond , Roura Albert , Schleich Wolfgang P. , Schubert Christian , Strekalov Dmitry V. , Vallone Giuseppe , Villoresi Paolo , Wörner Lisa , Yu Nan , Zhai Aileen , Kwiat Paul
Published: October 2022

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Deep Space Quantum Link mission concept enables a unique set of science experiments by establishing robust quantum optical links across extremely long baselines. Potential mission configurations include establishing a quantum link between the Lunar Gateway moon-orbiting space station and nodes on or near the Earth. This publication summarizes the principal experimental goals of the Deep Space Quantum Link. These goals, identified through a multi-year design study conducted by the authors, include long-range teleportation, tests of gravitational coupling to quantum states, and advanced tests of quantum nonlocality.
In solid physics equations, accurate and novel soliton wave structures for heating a single crystal of sodium fluoride
Authors: Khater Mostafa M. A.
Published: October 2022

This paper analyzes the analytical and numerical solutions’ structure of the combined mKdV equation and KdV equation (mKdV+KdV equation) using the Khater II (Khat. II) method and three accurate B-spline numerical schemes. ExCBS, SBS and TQBS numerical schemes are the numerical systems used. The handled model describes many distinct phenomena such as wave propagation of bounded particles with a harmonic force in a one-dimensional nonlinear lattice, propagation of ion-acoustic waves of small amplitude without Landau damping in plasma physics, and propagation of thermal pulse through a single sodium fluoride crystal in solid physics. Numerous examples show the relationship between quick and slow soliton, which generates phase shift. This phase shift is shown in a contour map to show the modest and colossal energy density along the path of fast and slow colliding solitons. Calculating the difference between analytical and numerical solutions shows whether they match spline-connected and distribution graphs.
Virtual Reality in Contemporary Theatre
Authors: Iudova-Romanova Kateryna , Humenyuk Tetiana , Horevalov Serhii , Honcharuk Serhii , Mykhalov Volodymyr
Published: October 2022

This study examines how virtual reality images are used in contemporary theatre. Modern technologies get into various areas of life including the theatrical environment. Therefore, the study of the role of virtual reality in contemporary theatre is crucial for the qualitative understanding of the tendencies in development of the contemporary theatre scene in the context of the development of contemporary art. This determines the relevance of this study and subsequent academic research in this field as well. The purpose of this study is to assess the degree of influence of modern technologies on creating virtual reality in the development of theatrical art. The leading approach for this study is a combination of a systematic study of the main trends in the creation of virtual reality within the framework of the development of modern technologies and the logical construction of conclusions retrieved from the results of this study. The main results obtained in this study are supposed to be the identification of the main areas for creating virtual reality in the activities of contemporary theatres and changes in the work of theatre groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prospects for subsequent academic research in this field are determined by the increasing usage of modern technologies for creating virtual reality within the framework of the modern development of theatrical culture and the need for a deep study of this factor as the one that defines the prospects for the technological development of the contemporary theatre scene. The practical significance of this study lies in the possibility of using its results obtained to assess the role and place of modern technologies for creating virtual reality in contemporary theatre.
Surrogate Scoring Rules
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Juntao , Chen Yiling
Published: October 2022

Strictly proper scoring rules (SPSR) are incentive compatible for eliciting information about random variables from strategic agents when the principal can reward agents after the realization of the random variables. They also quantify the quality of elicited information, with more accurate predictions receiving higher scores in expectation. In this article, we extend such scoring rules to settings in which a principal elicits private probabilistic beliefs but only has access to agents’ reports. We name our solution
Surrogate Scoring Rules
(SSR). SSR is built on a bias correction step and an error rate estimation procedure for a reference answer defined using agents’ reports. We show that, with a little information about the prior distribution of the random variables, SSR in a multi-task setting recover SPSR in expectation, as if having access to the ground truth. Therefore, a salient feature of SSR is that they quantify the quality of information despite the lack of ground truth, just as SPSR do for the setting
with
ground truth. As a by-product, SSR induce
dominant uniform strategy truthfulness
in reporting. Our method is verified both theoretically and empirically using data collected from real human forecasters.
Smart Grid Cyber-Physical Situational Awareness of Complex Operational Technology Attacks: A Review
Authors: Nafees Muhammad Nouman , Saxena Neetesh , Cardenas Alvaro , Grijalva Santiago , Burnap Pete
Published: October 2022

The smart grid (SG), regarded as the complex cyber-physical ecosystem of infrastructures, orchestrates advanced communication, computation, and control technologies to interact with the physical environment. Due to the high rewards that threats to the grid can realize, adversaries can mount complex cyber-attacks such as advanced persistent threats-based and coordinated attacks to cause operational malfunctions and power outages in the worst scenarios: The latter of which was reflected in the Ukrainian power grid attack. Despite widespread research on smart grid security, the impact of targeted attacks on control and power systems is anecdotal. This article reviews the smart grid security from collaborative factors, emphasizing the situational awareness (SA). Specifically, we propose a threat modeling framework and review the nature of cyber-physical attacks to understand their characteristics and impacts on the smart grid’s control and physical systems. We examine the existing threats detection and defense capabilities, such as intrusion detection systems (IDSs), moving target defense (MTD), and co-simulation techniques, along with discussing the impact of attacks through situational awareness and power system metrics. We discuss the human factor aspects for power system operators in analyzing the impacts of cyber-attacks. Finally, we investigate the research challenges with key research gaps to shed light on future research directions.
Design of Synthesis-time Vectorized Arithmetic Hardware for Tapered Floating-point Addition and Subtraction
Authors: Bommana Ashish Reddy , Siddamshetty Susheel Ujwal , Pudi Dhilleswararao , Thumatti K. R. Arvind , Boppu Srinivas , Sabarimalai Manikandan M , Cenkeramaddi Linga Reddy
Published: October 2022

Energy efficiency has become the new performance criterion in this era of pervasive embedded computing; thus, accelerator-rich multi-processor system-on-chips are commonly used in embedded computing hardware. Once computationally intensive machine learning applications gained much traction, they are now deployed in many application domains due to abundant and cheaply available computational capacity. In addition, there is a growing trend toward developing hardware accelerators for machine learning applications for embedded edge devices where performance and energy efficiency are critical. Although these hardware accelerators frequently use floating-point operations for accuracy, reduced-width floating-point formats are also used to reduce hardware complexity; thus, power consumption while maintaining accuracy. Vectorization concepts can also be used to improve performance, energy efficiency, and memory bandwidth. We propose the design of a vectorized floating-point adder/subtractor that supports arbitrary length floating-point formats with varying exponent and mantissa widths in this article. In comparison to existing designs in the literature, the proposed design is 2.57× area- and 1.56× power-efficient, and it supports true vectorization with no restrictions on exponent and mantissa widths.
Study on Micropore Throat Fluid Seepage Characteristics and Oil Displacement Efficiency in Tight Reservoir
Authors: Han Jin , Wei Yuhang , Chen Xiaobing
Published: October 2022

In order to overcome the problems including complicated pore throat structure, changeable seepage characteristics, and difficulty to find seepage law in the tight reservoir, this study simulated the water flooding development process of oilfield reservoir, and the water flooding seepage experiment of real sandstone microscopic model was carried out in a laboratory. Thin slice identification, constant velocity mercury injection, physical property analysis, scanning electron microscope, and other test data were combined to study the reservoir microscopic water flooding characteristics. The relationships between physical properties, water displacement efficiency, displacement pressure, pore structure, wettability, and water injection ratio are discussed. The study showed that the tight reservoir fluids were uniform displacement and reticular displacement seepage that occurred more than finger-reticular displacement. Meanwhile, displacement types affected oil displacement efficiency. Specifically, the uniform displacement type displayed the highest oil displacement efficiency, whose average value was 62.15%. The lowest oil displacement efficiency was finger displacement type, which is 26.89%. Additionally, 79% of the residual oil was cluster and film, and the corner and isolated distribution are less; the change of permeability has a greater effect on oil displacement efficiency than porosity. With the increase of water injection ratio, the oil displacement efficiency was improved. The oil displacement efficiency increases greatly and tended to be smooth and stable, when the water injection increased by 3 PV. There is an exponential relationship between throat radius and oil displacement efficiency.
Development and Validation of a New Analytical HPLC-PDA Method for Simultaneous Determination of Cucurbitacins B and D from the Roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii
Authors: Kim Hyoung Ja , Lee Jae Yeol , Cheon Chunhoo , Ko Seong-Gyu
Published: October 2022

Trichosanthes kirilowii, one of the herbal formulas named SH003, has been used for treatment in traditional medicine. This paper aimed to analyze the marker compounds from the roots of T. kirilowii and evaluate a validation method for cucurbitacins B and D using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA). Two marker compounds were identified as cucurbitacin B (1) and cucurbitacin D (2) from the roots of T. kirilowii by spectroscopic analyses. Cucurbitacins B and D peaks were well separated and were detected at 15.4 min and 12.4 min, respectively, by a UV detector at 230 nm with the linearity (R2 > 0.999) range between 5 and 250 μg/mL, limit of detections (LODs) were 1.87 μg/mL and 1.30 μg/mL, respectively, while limit of quantifications (LOQs) were 5.66 μg/mL and 3.93 μg/mL, respectively. The established method offered good precision with overall intra- and inter-day variations of 0.34–1.26 and 0.26–1.35%, respectively, for % relative standard deviation (RSD, acceptance limit %RSD <3%). The cucurbitacins B and D recoveries ranged from 99.2 to 101.7% and 98.6 to 102.0%, respectively. These results suggest that cucurbitacins B and D could be a valuable candidate for marker compounds of the extract from T. kirilowii, and the proposed method was shown applicability for quality control of SH003.
A Review of the Fabrication Methods, Testing, and Performance of Face Masks
Authors: Azam Farooq , Ahmad Faheem , Uddin Zia , Rasheed Abher , Nawab Yasir , Afzal Ali , Ahmad Sheraz , Zafar Muhammad Sohail , Ashraf Munir
Published: October 2022

Improvement in the performance and compatibility of face masks has remained the focus of researchers in recent years, especially after the emergence of the COVID pandemic. Although a lot of progress in the design, tolerability, and comfort of the mask has been reported, there are certain limitations, requiring further improvement. The present review aims to highlight the filtration efficacy, comfort, and associated characteristic of various types of face masks and respirators as a function of their design and structure. In addition, the air pollutants, their adverse effects on health, certified respirators, and face masks are also discussed. The present review also provides an insight into different types of commercially available face masks in terms of their materials, filtration efficiency, and limitations. The role of emerging trends (such as nanotechnology and high-performance polymers) in the improvement and development of face masks and respirators is also discussed.
[Retracted] Ethnic Music Inheritance and Environmental Monitoring Using Big Data Analysis from the Cultural Perspective
Authors: Cui Jian , Khomkrich Karin
Published: October 2022

Ethnic music has too many expectations due to its significance to the national culture. It serves as a mirror, reflecting all the true characteristics of many geographical areas and ethnic groupings. Instilling national self‐confidence and fostering national unity are essential outcomes of this. The optimal design plan for Xinjiang folk music inheritance and environmental monitoring based on big data technology is presented in this study from the standpoint of cultural ecology. Big data technology can categorize users who are interested in Xinjiang ethnic music, and after that, through customized recommendation filtering, consumers may be presented with Xinjiang ethnic music that meets their interests. Last but not least, a simulation test and analysis are performed. The algorithm’s accuracy is 7.86% higher than that of the conventional algorithm, according to the simulation data. By studying and calculating the user’s behavioral traits and interests, this result demonstrates in detail how the recommender system can display the user’s content efficiently. However, there are numerous possibilities and varied contexts for the use of clustering techniques in recommender systems. It is crucially vital for directing the protection of ethnic music and fostering the inheritance and development of ethnic culture to conduct design study on the Xinjiang region’s ethnic music heritage and development with cultural ecology as the central guiding principle. This article is from “A comprehensive study of Uygur Muqam music art with Chinese characteristics,” which aims to improve the data reserve of the world and Southeast Asia on the research of Chinese Uighur Muqam art. Improve the inheritance and development of music in Xinjiang, China, and provide more detailed data to more scholars. This study adopts qualitative research methods and field survey data. The author proposes to focus on the perspective of cultural ecology, based on the use of big data technology, to improve the inheritance and development of Xinjiang national music.
Storage Artifact Masquerading as Yeast: Presenting a Diagnostic Pitfall
Authors: Fenu Elena M. , Naal Tawfeq , Palavecino Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

Abnormal cell morphology can result from prolonged specimen storage, both for red and white blood cells. In particular, nuclear pyknosis of segmented neutrophils can occur in both peripheral blood and body fluids and may represent a diagnostic pitfall as it can mimic intracellular yeast or bacteria morphology. Pathologists are frequently asked to examine body fluid smears which are thought to contain microorganisms, and the presence of an unexpected organism can be especially concerning. Morphologic changes from prolonged storage may be encountered infrequently, and it is important to be aware of them in order to avoid misrepresentation, as additional work-up may be required for a suspected case of an unexpected fungal infection.
Evaluation of Coalbed Methane Content by Using Kernel Extreme Learning Machine and Geophysical Logging Data
Authors: Guo Jianhong , Zhang Zhansong , Guo Guangshan , Xiao Hang , Zhu Linqi , Zhang Chaomo , Tang Xiao , Zhou Xueqing , Zhang Yanan , Wang Can
Published: October 2022

Accurate evaluation of coalbed methane (CBM) content plays a momentous role in the identification and efficient development of favorable exploitation blocks of CBM resources, but there are still many technical challenges in the exploration and development of onshore CBM fields. With the development and application of geophysical logging technology, using geophysical logging data to predict the gas content of CBM reservoirs has been proven to be an effective and feasible solution. However, the complex logging response of the CBM reservoirs makes it difficult to characterize the relationship between the gas content and the logging curve response by a simple linear relationship. In this paper, kernel extreme learning machine (KELM), a machine learning method, is combined with the geophysical logging data to predict the vertical variation curve of gas content in CBM wells. In this paper, the laboratory data on coal rock gas content from 12 CBM wells in the Southern Shizhuang block are selected, and a CBM content prediction model based on the KELM method is constructed by selecting the log curves, combining cross-validation and grid-seeking to determine the hyperparameters, and validating the prediction model using the test dataset and a new well in the same block. The application of the model on the test dataset was remarkable, and the vertical variation of CBM content obtained by applying it to the new well was consistent with the laboratory results, which proved the correctness and generalizability of the model. The results of this paper show that the CBM content evaluation model based on the KELM method and geophysical logging data is applicable to the 3# coal seam in the target block and can be used to predict the vertical CBM content of CBM wells; compared with the extreme learning machine (ELM) method and the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) method, the KELM method requires fewer hyperparameters to be explored when constructing the CBM content evaluation model, and the model construction is simple and has high prediction accuracy. At the same time, the CBM content model constructed by the KELM method differs for different blocks, coal seams at different depths, and different response ranges of geophysical logging data. The construction of a CBM content prediction model using the KELM method and logging curves is an effective means of characterizing CBM resources, and the model construction process and evaluation criteria studied in this paper can be used to help other blocks evaluate the CBM content, providing guidance for further exploration and development of CBM fields with practical application.
[Retracted] Monitoring and Sharing of Music Teaching Environment Resources Using Big Data Technology
Authors: Yang Caifen
Published: October 2022

The teaching materials for different music courses in schools are getting more and more plentiful as education continues to become more and more digitised. This paper develops a resource monitoring and recommendation algorithm for the music teaching environment based on big data analysis technology, achieves the unified management and parallel retrieval of large music teaching resources, and completes the construction and sharing of music teaching resources with the goal of promoting online music teaching courses and increasing the efficiency of instruction. According to the experimental findings, the algorithm’s recall and precision may both approach 95.84% and 95.19%, respectively. This demonstrates the benefits of this strategy. With the ability to analyse and retrieve large teaching resources and data quickly and accurately, this model can offer an advantageous solution for the storage and sharing of existing and future massive teaching resources. In order to effectively integrate music curriculum materials into our lessons, music teachers need to have a thorough awareness of not just the knowledge found in textbooks but also the adaptable use of music resources both within and outside of the classroom.
Research Progress of B-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia-2 Inhibitor Combined with Azacytidine in the Targeted Therapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Wang Yanyu , Huang Dan , Liu Lejia , Wang Aixin , Gao Yuan , Lin Huan
Published: October 2022

Objective. To investigate the efficacy and safety of azacytidine and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 inhibitors in the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Methods. The clinical data of 31 patients with AML/MDS who were clearly diagnosed with AML/MDS were analyzed from 2018.10 to 2021.02, and the total amount of azacyclonol and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 inhibitor was used for single or combined chemotherapy, with a total amount of 75 mg/m2

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7 d, divided into 7-10 days of continuous subcutaneous injection, every 28-30 days for a course of treatment. Overall response rate (ORR), median survival, poor response, and genetic mutations were observed. Results. A total of 104 courses of treatment were completed in 31 patients, the median course was 3 (1–12), and 6 patients who did not complete 2 courses of treatment were not counted in the statistics. After 2 courses, ORR was 72.0%, CRES was 2 (8.0%), mCR was 16 (64.0%), disease stable was 5 (20.0%), treatment failures were 2 (8.0%), mortality was 40.0%, and median survival time was >5 months. Single-agent and combined ORR was 64.3% and 81.8%, respectively, with median survival of 7.25 and 9 months; ORR for MDS and AML was 66.7% and 76.9%, respectively, median survival of 8 and 11 months was 66.7% and 80.0% of ORRs at 260 and V60 years, respectively, and median survival of 7 and 11.5 months; MDS-EB-1. The ORR of MDS-EB-2 was 75.0% and 62.5%, respectively, with median survival times of 11.5 and 6.5 months. During 2 courses and 4 courses, the rate of transfusion dependence was 64.0% and 55.5%, respectively. Fifteen cases were detected by second-generation sequencing, and the results were 14 cases of combined gene mutations. Conclusion. Azacytidine and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 inhibitors have good efficacy and high safety in the treatment of AML and MDS, and the combined treatment is better than that of monotherapy, but the side effects of combination therapy are large.
Multiobjective Differential Evolution Clustering Algorithm Based on Multimedia Information in Working Mechanism Innovation for Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Zhu Xiaoling , Cheng Hongsheng , Zhang Xu , Zhu Huaxu , Sun Zhiguang
Published: October 2022

Aiming at working mechanism innovation for traditional Chinese medicine, a multiobjective differential evolution clustering algorithm based on multimedia information is proposed and applied. In promoting the international development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, R&D innovation and working mechanism innovation must be paid attention to. This paper takes a specific Chinese medicine company as an example, combined with differential evolution clustering algorithm to effectively help Chinese medicine enterprises choose a more suitable innovation model. This paper starts with specific cases and carries out research from the microperspective of traditional Chinese medicine enterprises. It believes that in the process of international development, traditional Chinese medicine enterprises must base on overseas investment in R&D and innovation, strengthen self-help innovation, further enhance their R&D stamina through working mechanism innovation, gradually open overseas markets, and realize the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine.