bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of medical students regarding HPV and HPV vaccine
Authors: ŞAHİN H. Öztürk , ÖZERDOĞAN Özgür , DURAN Mehmet Nuri
Published: December 2020

Introduction: HPV (Human papilloma virus) is the most common sexually transmitted infection and constitutes an important part of cancers for which infectious agents are blamed in its ethology. The most important duty of informing the public about HPV and the HPV vaccine with a high protection rate belongs to doctors. The curriculum and scope of this subject in medical education in our country is uncertain. We aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of our students about HPV and the HPV vaccine before the internship and to find out the change in their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour status after the internship. Method: The population of the study consists of a total of 257 third and sixth grade students studying in the Faculty of Medicine at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University during the 2018-2019 academic year. A questionnaire, including questions and suggestions about sociodemographic characteristics, and knowledge, attitudes and behavioural status about HPV infection and the HPV vaccine, was administered under supervision to third and sixth grade students between April and June 2019 without specifying their name and surname. Chi-square test was used for statistical evaluation. For statistical significance, p <0.050 was accepted.Results: 108 third grade and 91 sixth grade students participated in our study. Although HPV is known to play a role in the ethology of cervical cancer and anogenital warts (91%, 91.2%), this awareness was as low as 35.4%, 37.9% and 38.8%, respectively, in penis, anus and head and neck cancers. The knowledge level was statistically significant in favour of the sixth-grade students (p <0.001). When the attitudes and behaviours of the students were examined, the frequency of having the HPV vaccine was 4.5%. It was observed that the frequency of the idea of vaccination among the female students was higher than that of the male students (61.3%, 18.1%). No statistically significant difference was found among the possible variables that could affect the need for the HPV vaccine when compared according to the gender, grade, and the educational status of the mother or father (p> 0.05). The reason why the students did not have the HPV vaccine was related to the fact that they found the vaccine expensive and did not consider it necessary. Only 46.7% of the sixth-grade students thought that they could give their patients enough information about the HPV virus and vaccine when they graduated.Conclusion: The frequency of vaccination in our country is very low even among doctors. Training strategies should be developed to enable doctors to graduate with full knowledge of HPV and the HPV vaccine with multidimensional training programs.
The Taming of the Shrew by A.N. Ostrovsky: Some Aspects of Reception and the Principles of Translation of Shakespeare’s Comedy
Authors: Chesnokova Tatiana G.
Published: December 2020

Albeit being an experienced translator of foreign drama, A.N. Ostrovsky translated
only one Shakespeare’s piece — The Taming of the Shrew. His first attempt at its
translation resulted in an abridged prose version entitled The Taming of the Spiteful
Wife, which served as an embryo of the later prosimetric translation. While the interest
in Shakespearean allusions in Ostrovsky’s plays may be traced back to the works of
contemporary critics, it was not until mid-20th century that a comprehensive study
of the play’s translation was written by a Shakespearean scholar M. Morozov further
revisited and revised by Iu.D. Levin, V.I. Malikov, and N.K. Il’ina. Bearing on these
studies, the author of this article demonstrates how the language of Ostrovsky’s
translation is related to the basic language principles of the playwright and shows his
reliance upon the editorial practice of the 18th–19th centuries. The article highlights the
translator’s strategies in using verse and prose, blank verse and rhyme as a means to
interpret Shakespearean characters, the genre and the style of the play. It also examines
the synthesis of “domesticating” and “estranging” tendencies in the translated play
Disappearing Suns, Disappearing Worlds — The Black Sun in Krasiński’s Work
Authors: Śniedziewski Piotr
Published: December 2020

The aim of the article is to analyze the metaphor of the black sun in the
correspondence and in the work of Zygmunt Krasiński, one of the greatest Polish
Romantics. The black sun appears very early in this work, because Krasiński had
already written about it in his juveniles edited in French. In these early works (for
example, A Dream and Fragment of a Dream both from 1830), the writer portrays dark
visions related to a cosmic catastrophe and the Last Judgment. The persona of these
texts, plunged in despair, is an isolated individual both in the social and metaphysical
sense. The metaphor of the black sun, however, develops in two dramas by Krasiński:
Non-divine comedy (1835) and Irydion (1836). The meaning of this metaphor
changes, and Krasiński sees in it not only existential (pessimistic) content but also
historiosophical meanings. The fading sun or the sunset in these dramas is a metaphor
for the fall of history, the end of times; it is also clearly religious because the night,
devoid of hope for the return of the sun, becomes the eternal night that follows Christ’s
crucifixion and is identical with the dominance of Satan in the human world order
The Soviet Pavilion at the 1937 Paris Exposition: Financial Aspect and Organizational Problems
Authors: Trankvillitskaia Tatiana
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on the financial aspect and certain problems in the preparation of the Soviet Pavilion for the 1937 International Exposition in Paris. Following up a short introduction that gives a contextual overview, the essay discusses how various plans, guidelines and competitions affected the décor of the Pavilion’s interior and how the items of the collection were selected. Details such as the deadlines imposed on the artists help to understand the importance of the human factor in the event of this scale. The article also explores financing of the Soviet Pavilion at the Exhibition related to the economic situation of the time and political objectives. The analysis of the closing balance sheet reveals important problems in the Soviet management. The article discusses the prices of the most expensive commissioned works as well as their fate after the Exhibition. A comparative study of the expenses of other participating countries, on the one hand, and in relation to the Soviet standards of living on the other hand, sheds light on the scale of the granted budget. Finally, I discuss the attitude of Soviet officials to the income earned at the Exhibition because of its international importance. The cross-cutting theme of the article, which clarifies certain mechanisms in the decision-making and management, is the role of the chief leaders of the Soviet part of the Exhibition.
Sindrom Penyakit Tropis sebagai Prediktor Terjadinya Malnutrisi Balita di Daerah Pesisir
Authors: AF Swaidatul Masluhiya , Irma Irma
Published: December 2020

Masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang cukup seriuspada kelompok usia balita sampai saat ini adalah kejadian malnutrisi, hal iniberdampak pada gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan fisik balita. Malnutrisi juga dapat menyebabkan balita menjadi rentan terhadap penyakit infeksi. Beberapa faktor penyebab malnutrisi diantaranya faktor makanan dan penyakit infeksi yang mungkin diderita anak, faktor ketahanan pangan dikeluarga, pola pengasuhan anak, pelayanan kesehatan dan kesehatan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah sindrom penyakit tropis merupakan prediktor terjadinya gizi kurang pada balita. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan Case Control Study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasangan ibu dan balita yang ada di daerah pesisir kecamatan Nambo Kota Kendari denganteknik simple randam sampling di dapatkan jumlah sampel  sebanyak 164 orang yang terdiri dari dua kelompok yaitu kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol dengan perbandingan 1:1. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji Chi square pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05) dengan mempertimbangkan nilai Odd Ratio dan nilai Confidence Interval. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sindrom penyakit tropis (diare dengan р-value = 0,001 dan OR = 4,162, batuk – batuk dengan р-value = 0,001 dan OR = 3,552,ISPAnon pneumoni dengan р-value = 0,004 dan OR = 3,003) merupakan faktor prediktor terjadinya malnutrisi pada balita sedangkan infeksi cacing dengan р-value = 0,056 dan OR= 1,773 bukan merupakan faktor prediktor terjadinya malnutrisi pada balita di daerah pesisir Kecamatan Nambo Kota Kendari
Studi Perbandingan Kandungan Vitamin B Ikan Sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) Fase Yellow Eel dan Silver Eel Asal Sungai Palu Sulawesi Tengah
Authors: Jamaluddin Jamaluddin , Widodo Agustinus , Setiawan Natasha
Published: December 2020

Ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) memiliki keunggulan gizi atau nutrisi yang tinggi seperti protein, asam lemak, dan vitamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kadar vitamin B (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, dan B12) pada ikan sidat fase yellow eel dan silver eel asal Sungai Palu Sulawesi Tengah. Metode yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling berdasarkan pada tempat, ukuran, dan fase ikan. Hasil pengujian vitamin B (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, dan B9) menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Ultra menunjukkan bahwa vitamin B2 fase yellow eel sebesar 0,07 mg/100 g; silver eel sebesar 0,05 mg/100 g; vitamin B3 fase yellow eel sebesar 0,3 mg/100 g; silver eel sebesar 1,16 mg/100 g; dan untuk vitamin B1, B5, B6, dan B9 tidak terdeteksi kadarnya. Sedangkan pengujian vitamin B7 dan B12 menggunakan Kromatografi Cair-Spektrometri Massa menunjukkan bahwa vitamin B7 fase yellow eel sebesar 58,35 µg/100 g; silver eel sebesar 10,61 µg/100 g; vitamin B12 fase yellow eel sebesar 0,52 µg/100 g; dan silver eel sebesar 0,27 µg/100 g. Kesimpulan yaitu vitamin B7 dengan menggunakan Kromatografi Cair-Spektrometri Massa memiliki kadar vitamin tertinggi sebesar 58,35 µg/100 g pada fase yellow eel dan untuk vitamin B3 (Nicotinamide) menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Ultra memiliki kadar vitamin terendah sebesar 0,3 mg/100 g pada fase yellow eel.
Happiness Among Urban Poor Filipino Families
Authors: Dy Kathleen Dianne K. , Chua Consuelo T.
Published: December 2020

Filipinos are generally observed to display happiness despite the experience of poverty. However, limited researches have been done to support or explain such observation. The purpose of the study was to examine the level of happiness among selected Filipino families who were living below the poverty line. The study also identified the families’ sources of happiness and the actions they take to experience happiness. A qualitative research design was used. Twenty urban poor two-parent families were the subjects of the study. The Family Subjective Happiness Scale was administered to the families to determine their level of happiness. In depth-interviews were used to examine the families' sources of happiness and the actions they take to be happy. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The results showed that most of the poor families were either happy or very happy. The primary sources of happiness of the families include good family relationship, family togetherness, having children, faith in God, and good health. On the other hand, learning to be content, finding ways to solve their problems, engaging in leisure activities, and developing optimism were the things that the families do to achieve or experience happiness. Despite being poor, the families were happy mainly because they have close family relationships and are contented with their lives. The study provided valuable contribution to understanding why Filipino families show happiness despite poverty.
Efficacy of Behaviour Modification Therapy on the Internet Gaming Disorder of the Selected Filipino High School Students
Authors: Ramos Almina P. , Agnes Claudette A.
Published: December 2020

The excessive use of Internet in online gaming afflicted several adolescent students in such a way that they found it hard to control their gaming behaviour anymore. There were a lot of studies done as to the causes of this modern-day addiction but there was scarcity on the therapy program that will address the problematic thoughts and feelings associated with this behaviour. This study aimed to devise a Behaviour Modification Therapy (BMT) program that will reduce the frequency, intensity, and duration of their online gaming. In developing the therapy, a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative research using sequential explanatory design was utilized. This was composed of collection and analysis of quantitative data through pre-test on Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) 20-Test; compilation of qualitative data through related literatures and studies, Focused Group Discussions (FGD) and Training Needs Analysis (TNA). The data were used as bases in designing the eight (8) sessions of BMT. The respondents included in this research were the 11-19 years old public high school students who experienced excessive internet gaming. After the therapy sessions the post test on the (IGD) 20-Test was administered and the t-Test was used to find the difference. The Behaviour Modification Therapy was helpful and efficacious in reducing the IGD symptoms of the respondents. This can be adapted as psychotherapy for IGD.
Irrigation water quality may improve in arid regions of China
Authors: Zhu Guofeng , Ma Huiying , Zhang Yu , Sang Liyuan , Wan Qiaozhuo , Zhang Zhiyuan , Xu Yuanxiao
Published: December 2020

The stability and safety of water environment are the foundation of
agricultural development. The possibility of salinization and
desertification in the oasis agricultural area is much higher than that
in other areas, for the population density, lack of water resources and
high salinity. Therefore, it is necessary to study the water environment
of irrigation water in this area, so as to make a reasonable water
resource utilization and protection plan. In the agricultural irrigation
period (from Apr. to Sep.) and non-irrigation period (from Oct. to Mar.
of the next year), there were 9 sampling points set up from the source
area to the oasis of the middle and lower reaches in Shiyang River
Basin. Evaluating the irrigation water quality of surface water by ion
concentration, SAR and end-member mixing diagram. The results shown: (1)
the dilution effect of precipitation has a decisive influence on the ion
concentration of surface water in the watershed. Due to the overlapping
of irrigation period and rainy season, rainfall dilution makes
irrigation water quality better. (2) There are spatial differences in
hydrochemical types. The upstream hydrochemical type is mainly Ca-HCO3
type. The hydrochemical type of the middle and lower reaches is Ca (Na)
- HCO3 mixed type. The upstream surface water is very suitable for
agricultural irrigation, and the middle and downstream oasis area is
suitable. (3) Surface rock weathering and evaporation crystallization
are the main factors affecting the hydrochemical characteristics of
surface water. Due to changes in the underlying surface environment in a
short time, it is unlikely that the water quality will deteriorate. (4)
In recent years, with the increase in precipitation caused by climate
change and the strict environmental protection policies, the risk of
deterioration of irrigation water quality is greatly reduced, surface
water may be more suitable for agricultural irrigation.
Coronavirus antibody screening identifies children with mild to moderate courses of PMIS
Authors: Laub Otto , Leipold Georg , Toncheva Antoaneta , Peterhoff David , Einhauser Sebastian , Borchers Natascha , Santos-Valente Elisangela , Kheiroddin Parastoo , Buntrock-Doepke Heike , Laub Sarah , Schöberl Patricia , Schweiger-Kabesch Andrea , Ewald Dominik , Horn Michael , Niggel Jakob , Ambrosch Andreas , Überla Klaus , Gerling Stephan , Brandstetter Susanne , Wagner Ralf , Kabesch Michael
Published: December 2020

Background: Children are affected rather mildly by the acute phase of
COVID-19, but predominantly in children and youths, the potentially
severe and life threatening pediatric multiorgan immune syndrome (PMIS)
occurs later on. To identify children at risk early on, we searched for
antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and searched for early and mild symptoms
of PMIS in those with high levels of antibodies. Methods: In a
cross-sectional design, children aged 1-17 were recruited through
primary care pediatricians for the study (a), if they had an appointment
for a regular health check-up or (b), or if parents and children
volunteered to participate in the study. Two antibody tests were
performed in parallel and children with antibody levels
>97th percentile (in the commercially available test) were
screened for signs and symptoms of PMIS and SARS-CoV-2 neutralization
tests were performed. Results: We identified antibodies against
SARS-CoV-2 in 162 of 2832 eligible children (5.7%) between June and
July 2020 in three, in part strongly affected regions of Bavaria.
Approximately 60% of antibody positive children showed high levels of
antibodies. In those who participated in the follow up screening, 30%
showed some mild and minor symptoms similar to Kawasaki disease and in
three children, cardiac and neuropsychological symptoms were identified.
Symptoms correlated with high levels of non-neutralizing and
concomitantly low levels of neutralizing antibodies and lower
neutralizing capacity. Conclusions: Children exposed to SARS-CoV-2
should be screened for antibodies and those children with positive
antibody responses should undergo a stepwise assessment for late
COVID-19 effects.
Longitudinal Outcomes of Cardiogenic Shock Patients Undergoing Conventional Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Hess Nicholas , Sultan Ibrahim , Wang Yisi , Thoma Floyd , Kilic Arman
Published: December 2020

Background: Cardiogenic shock is a known risk factor for early mortality
following conventional cardiac surgery, however its impact on
longitudinal outcomes is less established. This study evaluated
longer-term outcomes of conventional cardiac surgery in patients with
cardiogenic shock. Methods: This was a retrospective review of
conventional cardiac operations performed in patients presenting with
cardiogenic shock between 2010 and 2020. The primary outcome was
survival, and secondary outcomes included postoperative complications,
and rates of heart failure readmission. Multivariable Cox proportional
hazards modeling was conducted to identify risk-adjusted predictors of
mortality. Results: 604 patients were included, representing 4% of all
cardiac cases. Median follow up was 4.3 (IQR 0.3-6.8) years. Aortic root
repair/replacement (31.6%) was most commonly performed. 11.1% of
patients required preoperative cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Bridging
modalities included intravenous inotropes (35.4%), intra-aortic balloon
pump (33.4%), Impella (0.5%), or venoarterial extracorporeal membrane
oxygenation (3.3%). Operative mortality was 21.5%. Complications
included reoperation (24.3%), stroke (15.9%) renal failure (19.2%),
and prolonged ventilation (47.9%). Unadjusted 1- and 5-year survival
were 71.7% and 62.1%. Risk-adjusted preoperative predictors for
mortality included peripheral vascular disease (HR 1.75, 95% CI
1.23-2.49), dialysis dependency (HR 6.30, 95% CI 3.77–10.51) and
increasing age (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.02–1.04). Three patients eventually
underwent ventricular assist device implantation and no patients
underwent heart transplantation. Conclusions: Despite high initial rates
of morbidity and mortality following conventional cardiac surgery in
patients presenting with cardiogenic shock, 62% survive to 5 years and
most do not require heart failure readmission or advanced heart failure
surgical therapy.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Allen Julian , Panitch Howard
Published: December 2020

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was first described by Northway et al
in 1967. This article describes the evolution of our understanding of
the pathophysiology of BPD and the approaches to treatments of this
illness developed over the past fifty years. These interventions had
their roots in the understanding of the principles of the surface
tension present at air- liquid interfaces, which were developed over 150
years before BPD’s initial description. Improving outcomes in neonatal
care have led to greater survival of preterm and very preterm infants,
and to an evolution of the pathogenesis and pathology of BPD, from an
illness caused primarily by barotrauma and oxygen toxicity to one of
interruption of lung development. While the incidence of BPD has
remained about the same in recent decades, this is because survival of
infants born at lower gestational ages is increasing. Understanding of
molecular, genetic and physiologic mechanisms has led to newer
treatments that have mitigated some of the harmful effects of prolonged
mechanical ventilation. Recognition of BPD as a chronic multi-system
disease has resulted in further improvements in care after discharge
from neonatal intensive care. Since many of the origins of chronic
obstructive lung disease in adults are based in childhood respiratory
illnesses, improving outcomes of BPD in infancy and childhood will
undoubtedly lead to improved respiratory outcomes in the adults that
these children will become.
Effectiveness of ozone therapy in addition to conventional treatment on mortality in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Çolak Şahin , yavuz burcu genç , Yavuz Mürsel , Özçelik Burak , Öner Metin , Özgültekin Asu , Şenbayrak Seniha
Published: December 2020

Aim In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ozone
therapy, which is one of the integrative medicine applications that has
been used safely for many years, on the prevalence of mortality in
patients receiving COVID-19 treatment. Methods This was a prospective,
controlled study conducted on patients with COVID-19 who were
hospitalized in Health Sciences University, Haydarpasa Numune Training
and Research Hospital. In this study, 55 patients were included. The
patients were divided into two groups as the ozone group and the control
group. Ozone therapy (major autohemotherapy) was applied to 37 patients
who were being treated with the appropriate COVID-19 treatment protocol
determined by the infectious diseases committee of our hospital. The
ozone treatment protocol consisted of seven sessions (1 session/day) of
intravenous ozone administration, applied in a volume of 100 mL and a
concentration of 30 μg/mL. Only the conventional COVID-19 treatment
protocol was applied to 18 patients in the control group. Clinical
follow-up was performed until the discharge of the patients from the
hospital with successful treatment or until the mortality occurred.
Factors affecting mortality were analyzed using univariate regression
analysis. Results Intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization was required
in six of 37 patients who were treated with ozone (16.2%), while four
of 18 patients in the control group required ICU treatment (22.2%) (p =
0.713). When the mortality rates between the two groups were compared,
mortality was lower in the ozone group (p = 0.032). As a result of
univariate logistic regression analysis performed to determine the
factors affecting mortality, treatment without ozone therapy was
determined as a risk factor for mortality (OR:0.149, 95%CI 0.026-0.863,
p=0.034). Conclusion In this study, we demonstrated that administration
of ozone therapy along with the conventional medical treatment in
patients hospitalized for COVID-19 could reduce mortality.
Development of ecosystem service opportunities in the Nemunas delta in the context of global climate change
Authors:   Vytautas Magnus University, Pilipavicius Vytautas , Zukovskis Jan ,   Klaipeda university
Published: December 2020

The second half of the 20th century brought to light the consequences of human activity, when Humanity was confronted with demiurgical complexes and realized that the planet Earth was not only nature, but a complex system that today could no longer be operated by traditional methods and logic. While until the middle of the 20th century man used natural resources only to meet his needs, the 21st century poses new challenges for mankind to manage the consequences of human activities and to use them rationally and sustainably. The paper presents a study aimed at assessing the potential of ecosystem services development in the Nemunas Delta and anticipating their development directions. As a result of the research, the possible development directions of the Elderships were presented. It was done in two scenarios. The research was carried out in six municipality subdivisions (elderships) of the Nemunas Delta area in the framework of the Lithuanian Science Council project ‘Interaction of ecosystem services and human activities in the context of climate change’. Preparation of this paper was supported by funding from European Social Fund (project No 09.3.3-LMT-K-712-01-0178) under the grant agreement with the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT).
Development of sustainable distribution logistic system
Authors:   Vytautas Magnus University, Drejeris Rolandas , Samuolaitis Mindaugas ,   Vytautas Magnus University
Published: December 2020

Sustainable development is playing an increasingly important role in today’s society, and it is essential for companies seeking to meet the needs of the market to pay increasing attention to the application of sustainable development principles in their operations. The enterprise logistics system is one of the essential activities ensuring the company’s competitiveness, which ensures timely production and quality of customer service. However, in order to integrate the principles of sustainable development into the company’s logistics system, it is necessary to develop a model that identifies the impact of sustainability on each factor of the logistics system. The paper analyses the impact of sustainable development on distribution logistics to determine which activities in distribution logistics are most responsive to sustainable development and can help determine the level of corporate sustainability. The main purpose of the model, presented in the paper, is to help the business sector integrate sustainable development principles effectively in distribution logistics, taking into account the significance of ongoing factors in the system for sustainability.
Financial sector evolution and competencies development in the context of information and communication technologies
Authors:   BA School of Business and Finance, Arefjevs Ilja , Spilbergs Aivars ,   BA School of Business and Finance, Natrins Andris ,   BA School of Business and Finance, Verdenhofs Atis ,   Riga Technical University, Mavlutova Inese ,   BA School of Business and Finance, Volkova Tatjana
Published: December 2020

The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) has a significant impact on the business model of companies operating in the financial sector. Digital transformation leads to changing existing business model rapidly, as well as necessity of developing new processes specifically related to the use of ICT in business processes, development of new products and updating existing ones. At present, changes in the demand for ICT related processes in financial sector are observed both through the development of different technologies and their applications core or ancillary processes (e.g. innovations in payment systems including crypto currencies, blockchain-assisted smart contract, credit markets and insurance including peer-to-peer lending). Based on the opportunities offered by ICT, new business models need to be developed in the financial sector to transform these capabilities into new products and services that respond to changing customer demand. The aim of research to investigate the changes taking place in financial sector in the light of developments in ICT for acquisition of necessary competencies. Research methodology includes systematic review of scientific literature, analysis of selected financial sector statistics, semi-structured industry expert interviews and statistics analysis. The empirical study is limited to the financial sector of Latvia. Although due to the global nature of the financial sector the research findings could be applied internationally.
Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Clinical Practice
Authors: Miller Eden M.
Published: December 2020

Continuous glucose monitoring is poised to radically change the treatment of diabetes and patient engagement of those afflicted with this disease. This article will provide an overview of CGM and equip health care providers to begin integrating this technology into their clinical practice.
Natriuretic Effect of Two Weeks of Dapagliflozin Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Preserved Kidney Function During Standardized Sodium Intake: Results of the DAPASALT Trial
Authors: Scholtes Rosalie A. , Muskiet Marcel H.A. , van Baar Michiel J.B. , Hesp Anne C. , Greasley Peter J. , Karlsson Cecilia , Hammarstedt Ann , Arya Niki , van Raalte Daniël H. , Heerspink Hiddo J.L.
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk for heart failure hospitalization potentially by inducing sodium excretion, osmotic diuresis, and plasma volume contraction. Few studies have investigated this hypothesis, but none have assessed cumulative sodium excretion with SGLT2 inhibition during standardized sodium intake in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The DAPASALT trial was a mechanistic, nonrandomized, open-label study in patients with type 2 diabetes with preserved kidney function on a controlled standardized sodium diet (150 mmol/day). It evaluated the effects of dapagliflozin on sodium excretion, 24-h blood pressure, and extracellular, intracellular, and plasma volumes at the start of treatment (ST) (days 2–4), end of treatment (ET) (days 12–14), and follow-up (FU) (days 15–18).

RESULTS

Fourteen patients were included in the efficacy analysis. Mean (SD) baseline sodium excretion (150 [32] mmol/24-h) did not significantly change during treatment (change at ST: −7.0 mmol/24-h [95% CI −22.4, 8.4]; change at ET: 2.1 mmol/24-h [−28.8, 33.0]). Mean baseline 24-h systolic blood pressure was 128 (10) mmHg and significantly reduced at ST (−6.1 mmHg [−9.1, −3.1]; P < 0.001) and ET (−7.2 mmHg [−10.0, −4.3]; P < 0.001). Dapagliflozin did not significantly alter plasma volume or intracellular volume, while extracellular volume changed at ST (−0.7 L [−1.3, −0.1]; P = 0.02). As expected, 24-h urinary glucose excretion significantly increased during dapagliflozin treatment and reversed during FU.

CONCLUSIONS

During standardized sodium intake, dapagliflozin reduced blood pressure without clear changes in urinary sodium excretion, suggesting that factors other than natriuresis and volume changes may contribute to the blood pressure–lowering effects.
Szemléletváltás a haderő minden területén! : Interjú Bozó Tibor vezérőrnaggyal, a Magyar Honvédség Transzformációs Parancsnokság parancsnokával
Authors: Rojkó Annamária
Published: December 2020

A Haditechnika folyóirat laptulajdonosi jogkörét 2020. augusztus 1-től a Magyar Honvédség Transzformá ciós Parancsnokság (MH TP) vette át. Bozó Tibor vezérőrnagyot, a NATO-mintára alapított új katonai szervezet parancsnokát a parancsnokság oktatási, képzési és tudományos feladatairól, valamint a Haditechnika folyóirat kommunikációs szerepéről kérdeztük.
Szuperszinkron műholdas konstellációk bemutatása és elemzése
Authors: Horváth Attila
Published: December 2020

A geostacionárius pálya jelenleg a műholdas távközlési rendszerekben legelterjedtebben alkalmazott műholdpálya. Ennek elsősorban műszaki okai vannak. Ezt a pályát azonban sok technikai és jogi kihívás fenyegeti. Erre a múltban több példát láttunk, és a jövőben a helyzet várhatóan romlik. Fel kell tehát készülni más pályatartományok alkalmazására. Ez a tanulmány megoldási lehetőségként a geoszinkron pályamagasság feletti, úgynevezett szuperszinkron pályatartomány alkalmazását mutatja be. A tanulmány az Új Nemzeti Kiválóság Program támogatásával készült.
Az RDC III dozimetriai rendszer alkalmazhatóságának vizsgálata, 20 évvel a modernizálása után I. rész
Authors: Gyulai Gábor
Published: December 2020

A Magyar Honvédségben 1986-ban rendszeresíttették a Német Demokratikus Köztársaságban gyártott RDC III harcászati személyi dozimetriai rendszert. A kiértékelő készülékek („kiolvasó”), illetve azok szolgáltatásainak elavulása miatt tíz évvel később modernizálásuk szükségessé vált. Az átalakított eszközrendszert 1998-ban, valamint a tovább modernizált kiolvasót 2001-ben rendszeresítették. A tanulmány beszámol az eszközök megváltozott alkalmazhatóságáról az eltelt idő alatt. A tanulmány szerzője a legfrissebb méréseket a centenáriumát ünneplő Gamma Műszaki Zrt. laboratóriumában végezte el.
The The remains of the “Battle of Kraków”, fought during World War I, as exemplified by site Sadowie-Kielnik 1, Kraków district
Authors: Niebylski Jakub Michał
Published: December 2020

This article presents the archaeological remains of World War I that were discovered in 2016 at the multicultural site Sadowie-Kielnik 1, Kraków district. The fights that broke out there were part of the Battle of Kraków, which took place between November 16-25, 1914. The parties to the conflict were the armies of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and the Russian Empire. The consequence of this battle was the halting of the attack of the Russian Army towards the west, which resulted in pushing them out of Galicia. A collection of 145 artefacts related to both armies was analysed. Additionally, archaeological features – field fortifications – were interpreted as well. This helped to explain their strategic function and to determine which of the two armies built them. It was also possible to determine the date of their construction and the time during which these fortifications were occupied by the army.
The first experience of extracorporal membrane oxygenation application in severe primary graft failure following heart transplantation
Authors: Abdulyanov I. V. , Rakhimullin I. M. , Gaysin M. R. , Khamzin R. R.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The number of surgically treated cases of heart failure by means of orthotopic heart transplantation is increasing every year. At the same time, there is a shortage of optimal donors for heart transplantation, being a factor that leads to a primary graft dysfunction in the intra- and immediate postoperative period. In order to reduce the risk of complications and increase patient survival rates in primary heart graft dysfunction, a number of transplant centers resort to the choice of the treatment by means of mechanical circulatory support, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Clinical case. In the early postoperative period after heart transplantation, the patient was diagnosed with developing primary graft dysfunction. The clinical response to medication support of hemodynamics was unsatisfactory. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was performed. On the 4th day, the regional contractility of the left ventricle restored, the ejection fraction of both ventricles increased, their systolic function improved. The patient was discharged on the 21st day in a satisfactory condition. Conclusion. Mechanical circulatory support modalities, such as venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, can compensate for the emerging primary myocardial dysfunction in recipients. The efficiency of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is achieved not only by knowledge of current clinical recommendations, but also depends on the implementation of other clinics' experience as well as technical readiness of the center and medical personnel' qualification.
Seronegative fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis С after liver retransplantation for unresectable neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases
Authors: Voskanyan S. E. , Syutkin V. E. , Shabalin M. V. , Artemyev A. I. , Kolyshev I. Yu. , Bashkov A. N. , Borbat A. M. , Gubarev K. K. , Popov M. V. , Maltseva A. P.
Published: December 2020

We present an uncommon case of liver graft dysfunction caused by seronegative hepatitis C-related fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis after cadaver liver transplantation for unresectable liver metastases of neuroendocrine small intestine cancer followed by living relation donor liver fragment retransplantation for primary graft nonfunction. Early postoperative period was complicated by hepatic artery thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, acute cellular rejection, bilateral polysegmental pneumonia, bleeding into neck soft tissues, severe surgical site infection, and sepsis. Anticoagulant therapy, as well as the absence of Hepatitis C Virus antibodies made difficult early diagnostics of fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis. A present-day antiviral therapy produced a complete clinical and virological response. At control examination performed at 240 days after surgery, there were neither signs of cancer progression no graft dysfunction. Liver transplantation in that case was an example of radical and effective treatment method for unresectable liver metastases of neuroendocrine small intestine cancer. Timely diagnosis and proper treatment of fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis made it possible to save the liver graft and patient's life.
Penggunaan Metode Pembelajaran Eksperimen untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Fisika Materi Pengukuran Siswa
Authors: Susilo Agus
Published: December 2020

Kurangnya penggunaan metode pembelajaran dalam proses pembelajaran membuat hasil belajar siswa dalam belajar menjadi rendah. Aspek kompetensi meliputi tiga ranah yaitu, pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan ketiga aspek tersebut harus terintegrasi dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar, kemampuan pengetahuan, dan keterampilan siswa melalui penerapan metode eksperimen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) pada kelas X SMK kompetensi keahlian multimedia, dengan materi pokok/kompetensi dasar molekul. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen/praktik pada pembelajaran fisika.Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang bersifat kolaborasi antara peneliti dan guru.Data yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kemampuan awal siswa adalah nilai rata-rata raport pada saat siswa masuk ke SMK serta untuk mengetahui proses dan hasil pembelajaran dengan rata nilai test pada setiap siklus dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen/praktik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan hasil test tiap siklus. Dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak  32 orang sebelum pra siklus nilai rata-rata 6,03, siklus I nilai rata-rata 6,25, pada siklus ke II nilai rata-rata 7,58,. Berdasarkan analisa data tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa penerapan metode eksperimen/praktik dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
Investigation of Enterotoxigenic Coagulase-negative Staphylococci Isolated from Local and Imported Dairy Products; a Microbiological Study
Authors: Ali Niyaz Sirwan , Arif Huner Hiwa
Published: December 2020

Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) have been recorded as a conveying vector for virulence genes and have been implicated in some cases of food poisoning. Research interest in CNS has increased over the past decade following their implication in infections in animals and humans. This study was aimed to detect CNS isolated from 150 dairy products (yoghurt, several types of cheese, Lork, and Serezh) in Sulaimani and Halabja governorate. Thirteen isolates out of 150 samples were identified as CNS using the VITEK® 2 system as an identification method. Results revealed that the most common isolates species including Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus xylosus each species have been identified in 3 samples separately (23%), followed by Staphylococcus vitulinus was in 2 samples (15%), Staphylococcus equorum found in 1 sample (8%), and Staphylococcus gallinarum also was in one sample (8%). The isolated CNS did not have enterotoxins type A to E according to RIDASCREEN kit test. Studying the growth limits of S. saprophyticus and S. vitulinus results showed that S. saprophyticus grew better at pH levels (5,6,7) at (25?,37?) and low NaCl concentration (5%), while low bacterial activity was observed at pH 4 at all temperatures and NaCl concentrations and also at 4? at all pH and NaCl levels. S. vitulinus behaviour was almost the same as S. saprophyticus but, S. vitulinus was able to tolerate different NaCl concentrations and overall had higher bacterial activity in all parameter’s interactions than S. saprophyticus. Investigating the effect of acetic acid and lactic acid on the growth of previous species where studied, S. saprophyticus grew better in different concentrations of L.A but S. vitulinus showed more activity than S. saprophyticus in A.A and the growth of both species inhibited at 0.4% of L.A at the first 24 hours of incubation.
Island as urban artifact/archipelago as urban model
Authors: McGrath Brian
Published: December 2020

This essay introduces islands as urban artifact and archipelagos as urban model in order to deepen the rich interdisciplinary discussion between island and urban studies through the specificity of an architectural analysis of islands as built form and archipelagos as urban systems. Four examples are presented here to demonstrate the use of islands as “urban artifacts” and archipelagos as “urban models” within architecture and urban discourse. Built island artifacts and the widespread use of archipelago as model for urban design have been deployed as apparatuses of political power and social exclusion, often in conflict with ecological systems. Island Studies provides a novel interdisciplinary lens for furthering analyses of the social equity and climate crises imperatives implicit in the use of islands and archipelagos as metaphors in architecture and urban design. In conclusion, the paper links Island Studies and oceanic thinking to the concepts of patch dynamics and the metacity. By reconceiving planetary urbanism as an oceanic rather than terrestrial system, this essay seeks to critically propose the critical and reflective use of island artifacts and archipelago models as designed ecosystems of meaning, inclusion, and belonging within seas of difference.
Calidad de agua de consumo humano en sistemas de abastecimiento rurales en Boyacá, Colombia. Un análisis infraestructural.
Authors: Ramos Parra Yadi , Pinilla Roncancio Mónica
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la infraestructura de los sistemas de abastecimiento rurales de Boyacá y la calidad del agua de consumo humano distribuida durante el año 2016.Materiales y métodos: Análisis observacional retrospectivo de datos secundarios de variables independientes en infraestructura de 288 sistemas de abastecimiento rurales, empleando estadísticos descriptivos, bivariados y multivariados, en relación con variable dependiente de calidad de agua de consumo humano nombrada CAT.Resultados: no contar con un sistema de tratamiento reduce en 0,2 (IC 95% 0,05 - 0,72) los chances de cumplir con CAT en comparación con tener un tratamiento. Así mismo, si un acueducto controla la eficiencia de los procesos de potabilización se incrementan en 4,2 (IC 95% 1,16 - 15,25) chances de no superar CAT, en comparación con los sistemas que no realizan esta actividad operativa.Conclusión: El abastecimiento de agua no segura en las áreas rurales de Boyacá se asocia con la falta de infraestructura de potabilización y el control de la eficiencia de las unidades de potabilización como actividad rutinaria operativa. Estas variables se relacionan con la presencia de Escherichia coli y coliformes en el agua de consumo de estas comunidades.
SOFT SKILLS MODEL BASED SCHOOL CULTURE TO DEVELOPMENT STUDENT CHARACTER FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Handayani Umi , Utaminingsih Sri , Utomo Slamet
Published: December 2020

This study aims to develop a soft skills model based school culture for character education for elementary school students.This study is a Research and Development study with a modified Sugiyono model. This research was conducted in 3 elementary schools in the target area of III, Jekulo District, Kudus Regency. Data collection techniques using test techniques and non-test techniques. Data analysis in this study was carried out descriptively quantitative and statistical tests using t-test.The results of the research were in the form of a soft skills model design product based on school culture which had components of goal setting, soft skill values, school culture and character education. The soft skills model based on school culture is suitable for use as a learning model in elementary schools. The results of the t test show that t count t table, so that the soft skills model based on school culture is effectively applied in learning.
NEW TUTORS’ PERSPECTIVE ON MOODLE PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY IN UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA
Authors: Hadianti Siti
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perspective of new tutors using Moodle at the Universitas Terbutka (UT).This study uses a qualitative method with a case study design. The research informants were seven new UT lecturers with different educational backgrounds. Researchers used a questionnaire to investigate new tutor perspectives on Moodle's performance. The questionnaire is closed which consists of 8 questions. In the questionnaire, the researcher modified the questions by classifying the range of responses with 5 scales: strongly agree, agree, doubt, disagree, strongly disagree. In applying the questionnaire, the researcher took two steps. First, researchers distributed questionnaires to study participants. Second, researchers began to extract, analyze, and conclude the data that had been collected using a questionnaire. In extracting data from the questionnaire, the researcher developed an analytical method based on Dey's theory which consists of describing phenomena, classifying them, and seeing how our concepts are related.The results reveal that there are three main things in relation to the new tutor's perspective: friendly to use, simple modification features, and convenient assessment tools. The results of this study are a major concern for tutors because this aspect is an important part that can support teaching and learning activities when using Moodle.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION TOWARD SPADA UPGRIS AS DIGITAL PLATFORM IN LEARNING PROCESS
Authors: Prastikawati Entika Fani , Asropah Asropah
Published: December 2020

This research is trying to figure out the students’ perceptions and difficulties arise in the application of SPADA (Sistem Pembelajaran Daring) UPGRIS. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. There are 150 Indonesian students of the third semester in Universitas PGRI Semarang as the sample of the study. Those samples come from five different majors, namely English education department, Indonesian language education department, management department, engineering,department and law department of Universitas PGRI Semarang (UPGRIS). It is based on the fact that the third-semester students had joined SPADA UPGRIS platform as it was required by the lecturers. The finding shows that most students have positive feelings and perceptions of the application of SPADA UPGRIS. They consider SPADA UPGRIS as a new experience in learning which gains their capability in technology competence. On the other hand, some difficulties were faced by the students such as personal internet connection, less communication with friends, material file size provided, and inability in using a computer.