bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying the Effective Factors for Auditing the Performance of Executive Managers of Public Hospitals: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Talei Hadi , Gord Aziz , Khorashadizadeh Mohammad
Published: July 2022

Background: According to the characteristics of public hospitals, a review of the flexibility of the components of their management accounting system is necessary
Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the factors affecting the audit of the performance of executive managers of public hospitals.
Methods: The present study is an applied qualitative study based on grounded theory. In this regard, semi-structured interviews were conducted using the expert sampling technique and interviewing 18 specialists and experts familiar with the financial affairs of public hospitals. The sample size for interviewing experts was finalized within the theoretical saturation framework. The data analysis was performed in 3 stages of grounded theory, including open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Then, the effective factors were classified into 6 main categories: causal conditions, axial phenomena, contextual factors, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences in the form of a paradigm model.
Results: “The field of auditing, the field of organizational management, and the field of the structure” were 3 categories related to causal conditions. “Budgeting and financial reporting” were identified as 2 main phenomena factors affecting the audit performance of executive managers of public hospitals; also, “establishment conditions, techniques, and requirements for auditing” were recognized as contextual conditions. “Environmental factors, applicable laws, and regulations” were identified as mediating/intervening conditions. Strategic conditions included “structural factors and behavioral factors at the level of medical universities”; also, the categories of “public sector productivity, economic efficiency, effectiveness, efficiency, and achievement of organizations” were recognized as outcomes related to auditing the performance of executive managers of public hospitals.
Conclusions: Recognizing the factors affecting the performance audit of public hospital managers is extremely significant and should be designed based on its affecting components, a standard and integrated auditing system for auditing the performance of public hospital managers.
Strategies for Mindful Parenting During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Baghban Baghestan Elham , Shahabizadeh Fatemeh , Tabatabaee Toktam
Published: July 2022

Context: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected people’s lives in all aspects. One of the most critical yet neglected features is parenting and the experience of mindful parenting for kids and their parents.
Objectives: This study systematically reviewed the strategies for mindful parenting during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Methods: In this systematic review, all related databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SID (Persian), were used to explore and search for the most relevant articles that had addressed mindfulness in parenting during the COVID-19 pandemic. A content analysis approach was applied to categorize the data. Codes were specified to every helpful strategy, and the codes were put in different themes and subthemes subjectively using a framework thematic analysis.
Results: Three studies were included in our review. The two dimensions of mindfulness were considered as two subgroups for strategies identified to improve mindfulness in parenting in the final articles: (1) being in the moment, which means concentrating on the living moment and not worrying, thinking, or ruminating about other problems; and (2) non-judgmental approach, which means avoiding cognitive biases, such as pre-judgment. All suggested strategies could be classified into the mentioned categories.
Conclusions: Strategies such as mindfulness in parenting are becoming more necessary for enhancing the quality of life for kids and their parents. Consequently, there is a need for policymakers and planners to facilitate parenting through social support systems and adjusting to the new situation, which will be on the agenda for a while.
Off-line English character recognition system
Authors: Prasad Binod Kumar , Dubey Om Prakash
Published: July 2022

Purpose of the study: This paper aims to recognition of handwritten English characters in offline mode. It develops an efficient character recognition model avoiding large variations in handwriting by using better feature extraction techniques.      Methodology: The samples of characters are preprocessed by applying a sequence of operations in succession like Thickening, Thresholding, Filtering, and Thinning. Efficient features like Gradient features and Zonal features have been extracted. Gradient features are helpful to find out stroke information in the character whereas Zonal features detail out local information in a more précised way. Hidden Markov Model is the classifier.   Main Findings: Classification has been started with only a 5-state HMM model but it is observed that as the number of states of HMM model is increased, the corresponding recognition rate is also improved. Finally, with the 36 states HMM model we have got the expected result. This produces an overall average recognition rate of 92.6%. For the letters ‘A’ and ‘W’, the recognition rate is found to be very low, because of a lot of variations in writing style of these letters. Applications of this study: HMM is a flexible tool which is capable of absorbing variations in character images. The future works will be concentrated on improvement of recognition rate of such letters by finding some demarcating features and post processing. The proposed method can be well used in Natural Language Processing, Signature verification, Face recognition like other Pattern Recognition applications.  Novelty/Originality of this study: Preprocessing uses Median filter which removes all stray marks in samples and hence avoids any possibility of false pixels. The combination of Gradient features and Zonal features leads to a recognition accuracy of 92.6% which may be used by researchers in any other domains for the purpose of classification. The application of HMM will motivate the readers to use it for better results of classification.
The Effect of Periodic Examination Time Interval and Frequency After “Percutaneous Coronary Intervention” on Experiencing Second "Acute Coronary Syndrome"
Authors: BALABAN Yakup , COŞANSU Kahraman
Published: July 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of follow-ups of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at short (
Geometrical Knowledge in Early Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayawardana Chandana
Published: July 2022

This article addresses on history of mathematics (specially one of its specific branch, geometry) in Sri Lanka. Despite the large amount of research on the history of mathematics in India, China and the Middle East, that on Sri Lanka still remains limited. Sri Lanka had close relations with all these regions from ancient times and knowldge on mathematics should not be an alien subject there. This article tries to address the paucity of research on the history of mathematics in Sri Lanka while emphasizing the local character of that ancient knowldge.
Estimating the Economic Burden of Diabetes Mellitus in Kenya: a Cost of Illness Study
Authors: Adamjee Ebrahim , Harerimana Jean de Dieu
Published: July 2022

Diabetes mellitus is one of the non-communicable diseases that depletes the wealth of any individual directly and indirectly due to the cost associated with treating the illness and its complications. The study aims to estimate the economic burden of Diabetes mellitus in Kenya from a societal perspective using a cost-of-illness approach. The study’s results and findings for the economic burden of diabetes mellitus in Kenya relied on the cost of illness approach. The approach identifies and measures all the costs of Diabetes mellitus, including direct and indirect costs. The 552,400 adult cases reported in 2019 resulted in a total economic cost of USD 372,184,585, equivalent to USD 674 per diabetes mellitus patient. The total direct costs accounted for the highest proportion of the overall costs at 61% (USD 227,980,126), whereas indirect costs accounted for 39% of the total economic costs (USD 144,204,459). Costs of medicines accounted for the highest costs over the total economic costs at about 29%, followed by the income lost while seeking care at 19.7%. Other costs that accounted for more than 10% of the total costs include productivity losses (19%), diagnostic tests (13%), and travel (12%). The rest of the cost categories accounted for less than 5%. Efforts should be made to reduce the costs of these medicines to enhance care. The high indirect costs reported, majorly in income lost by patients while seeking medical care, are 19%. Access to affordable health services such as diabetes mellitus education, regular blood glucose screening initiatives, and increasing local manufacturing of medicines can reduce the economic burden of diabetes mellitus and increase the health outcomes of the population and their contributions to society.
Coverage of Science, Technology, and Innovation by Major Broadcast Networks in Nigeria: an Exploratory Survey
Authors: Obot Charles , Batta Herbert , Nda Iniobong , Ekeanyanwu Nnamdi
Published: July 2022

This investigates the nature of reportage accorded Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) matters by the African Independent Television (AIT), Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) and Nigerian Television Authority (NTA). Science communication research is only beginning to feature in Nigeria as a key aspect of academic inquiry. However, science and technology broadcast has been going on for decades. The study aims at knowing the feedback those broadcast media houses have been receiving from the public about the dissemination of emerging science, technology, and innovation matters as well as the perception by the select broadcast houses of the contributions of Nigeria’s science community to specific areas of national development. The study adopts interviews as the instrument of data collection from senior correspondents directly involved with the selected broadcast houses' coverage and reportage of science, technology, and innovation. The major findings of the research are that not all the broadcast houses have science desks and science correspondents, although all the media houses under study cover STI matters; though in varying degrees and only the NTA has a science correspondent who is a science graduate. Also, the FRCN and NTA provide extensive coverage of STI matters with dedicated programs and segments for STI on their stations and correspondents covering major STI Agencies and the Ministry of Science and Technology Headquarters. It is recommended that broadcast media in the country should show greater commitment to the coverage of STI matters since the majority of audience members depend on the broadcast media for information on all aspects of life. Moreover, a content analysis of news bulletins of the selected broadcast houses and other news media should be conducted to have more data on the coverage of STI matter.
Rotating and Accumulating Savings and Credit Associations as Effective Tool for Enhancing the Women Entrepreneurship. A Theoretical Review
Authors: Niyonsaba Benjamin , Adenikinju Adeola , Ntoiti Mutuma
Published: July 2022

Rotating and accumulating savings and credit associations are recognized as essential drivers for enhancing women's entrepreneurship. The contribution of the informal organizations on entrepreneurship has been broadly studied. Many have overlooked women entrepreneurship. The current study reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on savings and credit associations and women entrepreneurship. The specific objectives are: to identify factors that encourage women's participation in rotating and accumulating savings and credit associations, to assess how the rotating and accumulating savings and credit associations promote women's entrepreneurship, and to establish theories that link rotating and accumulating savings and credit associations and women entrepreneurship. The study is anchored on three theories, namely: social network theory, social capital theory, and theory of structural hole. The research study was based on descriptive research design. The study reviewed previous research on savings and credit groups and women entrepreneurship. Findings showed that thrifts and loans organizations were more effective at augmenting awareness of entrepreneurship among women members than non-partakers. The study concludes that savings and credit organizations have been effective in increasing women's entrepreneurship. The study recommends the following: First, the savings and credit associations should be included in entrepreneurship development programs of the government. Second, there should be utilization of informal associations as a better approach to have access to microcredits for enterprises startup and growth, and lastly, the inception of programs that will increase awareness of entrepreneurship among women.
Existing Practicies of Parent-child Communication on Sex-related Matters among Households in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Olusanya Oyewole , Jegede Ayodele
Published: July 2022

Adolescents' sexual and reproductive health remain global public health concerns particularly in Sub-Saharan. Undoubtedly, parent-child communication remains a vital means by which parents transmit cultural values and monitor the sexual health of their children. The nature and the quality of sexual conversations that subsist in the family are critical factors in the prevention of sexual risk-taking behaviour among adolescents. Therefore, this paper investigated the existing practices of parent-child communication on sex-related matters among households in Ondo State among the triads of parents and their adolescent children and the implications for adolescents’ sexual health in Ondo State, Nigeria. The study elicited data from 483 respondents comprising fathers, mothers and their adolescents; through a multi-stage sampling technique. First, the study found that for most of the respondents (fathers 56.5%, mothers 54.7% and adolescents 60.2%) sexual conversations are occasional; second, mothers often initiate sex-related discussion with children more than fathers; third, sexual conversations are generally not open and receptive; fourth, content of parent-child sexual communication chiefly centre on admonitions against premarital sex; fifth, mothers discuss more sexual topics with the adolescent children than fathers. Sixth, discussion about contraceptive with adolescents is a topic which majority of households in the state avoid. Lastly, many parents still have inhibitions discussing sex-related issues with adolescents. There's need for interventions that target parents enlightenment and education and addressing cultural norms that impede parent-child sexual conversations; in order to  reposition families for parent-child communication that is open, receptive, sequential and time sensitive; conversations about sexual development and decision-making that enhance adolescent sexual and reproductive health.
Alliance Motives among Manufacturing SMES: Evidence from an Emerging Economy
Authors: Muthoka Richard K. , Kilika James M. , Muathe Stephen M. A.
Published: July 2022

This study was designed to investigate the effect of environmental-based motives on firm performance. The study targeted manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises based in Kenya whose performance has been negatively affected by high industry competition, low technology uptake, and industry regulation. The study was geared towards establishing the environmental-based motives pushing and pulling manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises toward strategic alliance formation. To this end, the study was set to investigate whether compliance with government regulation, the need to grow market share, and the need to increase customer base motivates manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya to form strategic alliances. The target population for the study consisted of 74 SMEs and the study adopted descriptive and explanatory research designs and collected data from company CEOs or senior managers. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the survey data. The study findings indicated that environmental-based motives have a positive and significant effect on the performance of manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya (Adj R2 = 0.484). Based on these findings, the study concluded that environmental-based motives of compliance with the government regulation, market share, and customer base motivate manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises to form strategic alliances and that these motives have a positive and significant effect on firm performance. The study contributed to the general body of knowledge by bridging the contextual and empirical gaps identified after the literature review. The study recommends that top management teams in the manufacturing industry should map environmental-based motives and align such motives to specific aspects of their value chain activities.
Microfinance Institutions as a Vehicle for Poverty Eradication in Developing Countries: Evidence from the East African Community Member States
Authors: Dushime Joseph , Nakalembe Immaculate , Makuei Yar , Kwitonda Albert , Hakizimana Samuel , Muathe Stephen
Published: July 2022

This paper focuses on examining the link that exists between microfinance institutions (MFIs) and poverty eradication efforts in developing countries, specifically focusing on the East African member states of Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. The study was driven by the varying interpretations, debates, and opposing opinions in literature on the effects of MFIs on poverty eradication in developing economies, particularly in the East African Community (EAC). The study used a depth literature search using secondary data on the role of MFIs in poverty eradication in the EAC context. The results pointed out that despite the challenges such as high transaction rates, limited funding and others, microfinance credit has played a significant role in poverty eradication among poor/low-income families in the EAC Member States. Therefore, the study recommends that governments of the EAC Member States should increase government support, and conducive working environments should be provided to ensure microfinance institutions reach as many less privileged individuals as possible so as to raise their economic status.
Governance Mechanisms and Improving the Performance of Local Authorities: Review of the Literature
Authors: Elmouaddine Hanan , Alij Noureddine
Published: July 2022

Although the application of good governance the local government sector requires a profound administrative revolution affecting the behavior of all the players concerned, the issues of quality and excellence have forced local governments to change roles and responsibilities. In this context, this paper examines and synthesizes a literature review of the mechanisms of public governance to see to what extent the missions and purposes of this governance impact the performance of local authorities. To this end, the first part of this paper deals with a literature review on the concept of governance, its components, and its mechanisms in local authorities. The second part  defines performance and its measurement tools in local authorities.  In conclusion, the third part explores the impact of good governance on improving the performance of local authorities.
The Interaction between Virtual Reality Glasses Tracking Types and Cognitive Style to Develop English Vocabulary Skills and Immersion among Primary Stages Pupils with Learning Difficulties
Authors: Hussein Marwa Ahmed , Elnagar Mohamed Elsayed , Haggag Haggag Mohamed
Published: July 2022

This paper focuses on measuring the impact of interaction between virtual reality glasses tracking types (Positional - Rotational) and cognitive styles (Impulsivity - Reflectivity) to develop English vocabulary skills among primary-stage pupils with learning difficulties. Five instruments were utilized in the research process and the results reported the test. English vocabulary checklists were employed to identify the vocabulary that will be used in the course of the  research. The test are as follows: an English test to identify the learning difficulties of students in the English Language, the test of mental ability to identify the IQ mean scores of students, a standard test of Kagan to measure the cognitive style (Impulsivity - Reflectivity), and pre and post-English vocabulary achievement test. However, immersion scale and the suggested English vocabulary skills program depend on positional - rotational tracking type. The participants were students in grade five and their number is 89 from the primary stage at Tarek Ibn Zaid school, Minia, Egypt. Using four groups of quasi-experimental design, the research followed applying tests of mental ability, English test to identify difficulties, and Cognitive style test of Kagan. It also followed a pre and post-testing procedure before and after applying for the virtual reality program and applying the immersion scale at the end of the program. The quantitative results of the study indicated that there was no interaction between virtual reality glasses tracking type (Positional - Rotational) because of the lack of direct relationship between cognitive style and virtual reality glasses tracking type, especially in immersion with learning and acquiring English vocabulary skills, and that there is no preferred pattern for virtual reality glasses tracking type with one of the cognitive methods that was dealt with in the research. This is most especially in learning and acquiring English vocabulary skills.
The Foreign Policy of Donald Trump’s Administration in Transcaucasia
Authors: Changiani Marine
Published: July 2022

Transcaucasia is a politically complicated region. Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia have different foreign policy vectors, strategies, and relations with the United States. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the main political processes in Transcaucasia during the presidency of Donald Trump. The research is focused primarily on the development of bilateral relations of the United States with the countries of Transcaucasia in three directions: military cooperation, economic relations, and promotion of democracy. We examine the role and the interests of the United States in Transcaucasia and the priorities of the foreign policy of Trump’s administration there. The role of Russia is significant in the region as well, especially after the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war between Armenia and Azerbaijan. The Russian Federation is against losing its dominance there and the expansion of NATO in Transcaucasia. It tries to deepen the authoritarian regime in the region and keep it under its control. The research findings show clearly the importance of cooperation and partnership between this complicated region and the United States, which can be a much better guarantor of stability, development, and democratic progress in Transcaucasia.
Modélisation de l’écoulement des eaux souterraines de l’aquifères quaternaire des palmeraies de Figuig et des plaines de Tisserfine, El Arja (Haut Atlas Oriental, Maroc)
Authors: El Khamal Youssef , Brahim Ait Said , Aziz Hachem , El Fakir Rabia , Mili El Mostafa , Mehdaoui Radouan
Published: July 2022

Le présent travail a pour objectif la modélisation hydrodynamique de la nappe Quaternaire de Figuig ; généralement la nappe circule dans des alluvions limoneuses et des calcaires travertineux du Quaternaire avec un substratum imperméable constitué des marnes du Jurassique. La zone d’étude est caractérisée par un climat désertique. La modélisation hydrogéologique a été mise en œuvre par le logiciel MODFLOW. La nappe a été simulée en régime permanent et transitoire ; elle résout l’équation gouvernante de l’écoulement des eaux souterraines en milieux poreux continus et elle calcule la charge hydraulique par simulation des éléments comme : drain, puits, oued, etc. Le modèle numérique ainsi élaboré a permis d’estimer le bilan des aquifères des palmeraies de Figuig et de la plaine de Tisserfine-El Arja dans les deux cas : les conditions actuelles et le scénario de gestion simulant l’élimination des apports des barrages de Sfissif et de Rkiza, par l’oued Tisserfine jusqu’à l’oued Zouzfana.

 

The current study aims at providing a hydrodynamic model of the Quaternary water aquifer in Figuig; the water aquifer generally flows in a silty alluvial soil and travertine limestone of the Quaternary with an impermeable substratum of the Jurassic marl. The area of the study is characterised by a desert climate. The hydrogeological modelling was carried out using the MODFLOW software. The groundwater was simulated in permanent and transient regime; it solves the governing equation of groundwater flow in continuous porous media and calculates the hydraulic load by simulating elements such as: drain, well, river... Therefore, the digital model developed allowed us to estimate the aquifer balance of Figuig palm groves and Tisserfine-El Arja plain in the two cases: the current conditions and the management scenario simulating the elimination of the inflows from the Sfissif and Rkiza dams, through the Tisserfine wadi to the Zouzfana wadi.
Premier Inventaire des Macroinvertebres Aquatiques de Quelques Petits Barrages du Centre et du Nord de la Cote d'Ivoire
Authors: Aime Stevens Louis , Berte Siaka , N’da Amalan Sylvie , Kone Naminata
Published: July 2022

Les macroinvertébrés aquatiques sont des organismes qui revêtent une grande importance dans la connaissance du fonctionnement des écosystèmes aquatiques, notamment, dans celui des petits barrages. Bien que jouant un rôle primordial dans les milieux aquatiques, ces organismes sont mal connus dans les petits barrages de la Côte d’Ivoire. La présente étude se propose d’étudier le peuplement de macroinvertébrés aquatiques de quelques petits barrages du Centre et du Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire. Les variables environnementales ont été mesurées et les échantillons prélevés avec une benne Van Veen et un tamis de vide de maille 1 mm, de juin 2016 à juin 2018. L’analyse de l’environnement physico-chimique a indiqué une variation significative de la conductivité et du TDS au Centre et une variation significative du pH et du taux d’oxygène dissous au Nord. La richesse taxonomique du Nord avec 68 taxons répartis en 3 classes (Achètes, Gastéropodes et Insectes) est plus élevée que celle du Centre avec 59 taxons répartis en 05 classes (Achètes, Pélécypodes, Gastéropodes, Oligochètes et Insectes). Le peuplement de macroinvertébrés aquatiques est dominé par les taxons peu fréquents. La corrélation entre les variables environnementales et la présence des taxons a montré que la distribution des taxons est plus influencée par la conductivité, le TDS et le pH.

 

Aquatic macroinvertebrates are organisms that are of great importance in the knowledge of the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, in particular, in that of small dams. Although playing a key role in aquatic environments, these organisms are poorly known in small dams in Côte d'Ivoire. This study aims to study the population of aquatic macroinvertebrates in some small dams in the Center and North of Côte d'Ivoire. Environmental variables were measured and samples taken with a Van Veen grab and a 1 mm mesh vacuum sieve from June 2016 to June 2018. The analysis of the physico-chemical environment indicated a significant variation in conductivity and TDS in the Center and a significant variation in pH and dissolved oxygen levels in the North. The taxonomic richness of the North with 68 taxa divided into 3 classes (Achètes, Gastropods and Insects) is higher than that of the Center with 59 taxa divided into 05 classes (Achètes, Pelecypodes, Gastropods, Oligochaetes and Insects). The population of aquatic macroinvertebrates is dominated by infrequent taxa. The correlation between environmental variables and the presence of taxa showed that the distribution of taxa is more influenced by conductivity, TDS and pH.
Les facteurs anthropiques de la dégradation des mangroves d’Angondjé, Okala et Mikolongo au nord du Grand Libreville
Authors: Rogombe Laetitia Guylia , Lembe Bekale Aline Joëlle , Mbadinga Michel , Mombo Jean Bernard
Published: July 2022

Dans la partie Nord du Grand Libreville, les quartiers Angondjé, Okala et Mikolongo connaissent une croissance démographique accompagnée d’une extension urbaine soutenue, et ayant des impacts sur les zones humides à mangroves. Considérée comme un danger écologique, la dégradation des mangroves dans ces milieux est due principalement aux activités anthropiques socio-économiques. Dans ces forêts à mangroves, les activités et les aménagements exercent des pressions humaines. La méthode de collecte des données et autres informations a fait appel respectivement, d’une part, sur le terrain à un guide d’observation directe et de caractérisation des activités socio-économiques, des prises de vues et l’utilisation d’un GPS et, d’autre part, la consultation des rapports divers et des documents cartographiques. Les données recueillies montrent que les activités tels que le bâti, le maraîchage, la pêche, la chasse et les manifestations de la pollution sont les facteurs de dégradation et déforestation des mangroves. Cette anthropisation problématique des milieux humides à mangroves se déroule dans un contexte d’étalement urbain favorisé par une urbanisation non maîtrisée, dans le nord du Grand Libreville.

 

In the northern part of Greater Libreville, the Angondjé, Okala and Mikolongo districts are experiencing demographic growth accompanied by sustained urban expansion, and having impacts on wetlands with mangroves. Considered an ecological hazard, the degradation of mangroves in these environments is mainly due to anthropogenic socio-economic activities. In these mangrove forests, activities and developments exert human pressures. The method of collecting data and other information called respectively, on the one hand, on the ground for a guide of direct observation and characterization of socio-economic activities, shots and the use of a GPS and, on the other hand, the consultation of various reports and cartographic documents. The data collected show that activities such as construction, market gardening, fishing, hunting and manifestations of pollution are the factors of degradation and deforestation of mangroves. This problematic anthropization of wetlands with mangroves takes place in a context of urban sprawl favored by uncontrolled urbanization, in the north of Greater Libreville.
Effets de L’extrait Aqueux des Racines d’Hymenocardia acida (Euphorbiaceae) sur la Qualité du Sperme de Rats
Authors: Koffi Severin , Soro Tianga Yaya , Bégbin Kouassi Emile , Zougrou N’Guessan Ernest , Abizi Georges , Koné Allassane , Kouakou Koffi
Published: July 2022

Les racines d’Hymenocardia acida sont utilisées dans la médecine traditionnelle africaine pour traiter principalement la dysfonction érectile. La présente étude vise à évaluer les effets de l’extrait aqueux des racines d’ Hymencardia acida sur la qualité du sperme de rats. Les différents composés chimiques de l’extrait aqueux des racines d’Hymenocardia acida ont été identifiés par des réactions en tube décrites dans la pharmacopée africaine. Deux groupes de quinze rats traités pendant 30 et 60 jours ont été repartis chacun en lot témoin, lot traité à 500 mg/kg et lot traité à 1000 mg/kg de poids corporel. La densité, la motilité et la morphologie des spermatozoïdes ont été évaluées selon des méthodes standards. Le taux de testostérone et le tissu testiculaire ont été étudiés. Le tri phytochimique a révélé la présence de polyphénols, de flavonoïdes, de tanins catéchiques, de saponosides, d’alcaloïdes et de stérols et polyterpènes. L’extrait a favorisé une augmentation significative (P < 0.05) du nombre de spermatozoïdes, des taux de spermatozoïdes mobiles et normaux dans l’épididyme caudal. Il a entrainé également une augmentation significative (P < 0.05) du taux de la testostérone sérique et a favorisé l’accroissement des spermatozoïdes dans les tubes séminifères. Les racines d’Hymenocardia acida améliorent la qualité du sperme des rats. Cela pourrait être dû en grande partie à l’augmentation du taux sérique de la testostérone.

 

Hymenocardia acida roots are used in traditional African medicine to treat mainly erectile dysfunction. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of Hymencardia acida roots on the quality of rat sperm. The different chemical compounds of the aqueous extract of the roots of Hymenocardia acida were identified by tube reactions described in the African pharmacopoeia. Two groups of fifteen rats treated for 30 and 60 days were divided into control, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Sperm density, motility and morphology were assessed by standard methods. Testosterone levels and testicular tissue were studied. Phytochemical sorting revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, catechic tannins, saponosides, alkaloids and sterols and polyterpenes. The extract promoted a significant (P < 0.05) increase in sperm count, motile and normal sperm rates in the caudal epididymis. It also caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in serum testosterone levels and promoted the increase of spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules. Hymenocardia acida roots improve sperm quality in rats. This could be due in large part to the increase in serum testosterone levels.
Dental Approach to the Hypertensive Patient: Literature Review
Authors: Ferreira Do Amaral Cristhiane Olivia , Nascimento Neves Angela Maria , Santos Thais De Almeida , Ferreira Do Amaral Mariana Olivia , Straioto Fabiana Gouveia
Published: July 2022

Hypertensive patients deserve special attention, due to possible complications which may occur during invasive dental care. This manuscript aimed at reviewing the literature as follows: a safe dental approach to hypertensive patients, local anesthetics indication, surgical risks, hypertensive crisis, drug interactions, and oral manifestations of antihypertensive drug use. The present study was developed by research in the following databases: Virtual Health Library (VHL) – Bireme, MEDLINE, PubMed, SciELO, and the Capes database Journals. For a safe approach to the hypertensive patient, some precautions must be taken and respected such as adequate anamnesis is essential to evaluate other associated systemic alterations (cardiovascular, diabetes, renal failure), measure blood pressure at the beginning of the procedure, and, in case of longer procedures, monitor blood pressure during the intervention, minimize chair time for the sake of the patient anxiety. Medication regarding stress reduction control can be used to prevent high blood pressure from emotional conditions as well as choosing the appropriate anesthetic. Solutions with vasoconstrictor lower concentration, respecting the dose, and following the principles of the anesthetic technique must be observed. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use should be avoided. These precautions will avoid serious iatrogenic events in addition to promoting and guaranteeing the patient safe and quality care.
An examination of teachers’ language policing in EFL young learner classrooms in Turkey
Authors: YATAĞANBABA Esra , AMİR Alia , YILDIRIM Rana
Published: July 2022

This study explores the instances when teachers employ language policing (Amir, 2013) in the Turkish EFL young learners’ context. Language policing studies are scarce in EFL young learners’ classrooms. Hence, this study is an attempt to address the gap in the literature concerning EFL young learners’ contexts from the expanding circle and contribute to the code switching literature. Data consists of 270-minute video recordings from three different classes in two private schools in Turkey and it was analysed using Conversation Analysis. Results show the presence of Turkish, English, as well as a bilingual medium before and after the policing was initiated through formulaic expressions. Unlike some secondary school contexts where the English-only policy is enforced with a strict rewards and punishment policy (Amir & Musk, 2013), speaking Turkish and the bilingual medium for the most part of the lessons was not corrected by the teachers in the current study. These findings have implications for teaching EFL to young learners, language policing and code switching in secondary contexts.
Project-based EFL learning at the tertiary level: Research, translation, creativity and interaction
Authors: KEMALOĞLU ER Elif
Published: July 2022

Project-based learning (PBL) involves real-life-based use of investigative, interactive and creative tasks that extend beyond the classroom and culminate in authentic products. PBL can be used as a means to promote tertiary-level EFL learning, yet there is little research on the issue in Turkish higher education contexts. This study develops a PBL model with research, translation, creativity and interaction components for tertiary-level EFL preparatory class students and investigates its perceived effectiveness. The data were collected by questionnaires and interviews and analyzed through statistical and thematic analyses. The findings showed that there were significant differences in the students’ perceived competence in oral presentation skills, speaking fluency, speaking confidence, creativity in writing, creativity in visual or audiovisual output production, and time management before and after the treatment. Besides, thanks to PBL, the students were stated to experience research writing and translation. However, the PBL process was also found to be challenging due to the heavy workload. It is suggested the model be used in all kinds of EFL contexts including tertiary-level classes.
Anthropometric evaluation of pre-school and school-age children from the European Macaronesian regions
Authors: Tavares Nelson , Silva Tatiana , Ferreira-Pêgo Cíntia
Published: July 2022

The growing prevalence of childhood obesity has triggered an interest in the effects of excessive weight gain in childhood. The identification of overweight and obese children at an early stage and their referral to start a treatment designed to achieve and/or maintain a healthy weight comprise fundamental foundations in sustaining a healthy state. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence of normal weight, overweight, and obesity in preschool and school children in the archipelago of Madeira and Azores, and the Canary Islands. The sample included 3481 individuals (1,768 boys and 1,713 girls) aged 3 to 9 years. The prevalence of pre-obesity (20.90% vs. 16.50%) and obesity (14.10% vs. 13.00%) was higher in girls and the Odds Ratio of overweight and obesity was higher in girls and between 4 and 9 years. The boys from Madeira and the Azores and the girls from Madeira had a higher probability [1.30 (1.02-1.67)] of having a high Body Mass Index. The results expose the need for educational strategies and interventional measures that contribute to the control of childhood obesity. Keywords: Anthropometric evaluation; Children; European Macaronesia; Obesity; Overweight
Food insecurity in the households of the Algarve
Authors: Pinto Ezequiel , Guerreiro Filipa , Palma Mateus Maria , Gregório Artur
Published: July 2022

The National Health Directorate considered that an assessment of food insecurity was a priority for the Algarve region. This study reports the results of the Regional Observatory for Food Security, which aimed to identify socioeconomic determinants, lifestyle risk factors, and prevalence of food insecurity in the Algarve. We conducted a cross-sectional study in a random, stratified, sample of households in the Algarve, with data regarding sociodemographic, anthropometric, food insecurity, access to places where food is sold, and Mediterranean diet adherence variables, collected through a direct interview conducted to a representative of the household. Data analysis was conducted with the IBM-SPSS software, version 22. Approximately 24% of households had mild food insecurity, 3% had moderate food insecurity, and 2% had severe food insecurity. Only 25% of participants had good adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Unemployment in the household (rSpearman=0.116; p<0.05), smoking habits (rSpearman=0.193; p<0.05), and low adherence to Mediterranean Diet (χ2= 6.7; p=0.01) seem associated with greater food insecurity. An odds ratio analysis shows that having a higher education degree can be a protective factor for food insecurity (OR=0.78; 95%IC 0.66-0.92). Although further studies are needed in order to assess in detail the determinants of food insecurity, this work can contribute to tailor food and nutrition interventions in the region. Keywords: Algarve; Food Insecurity; Mediterranean Diet
Short duration – low intensity isometric plantar flexion increases distal perfusion: observations from a healthy cohort
Authors: Florindo Margarida , Gregório João , Monteiro Rodrigues Luis
Published: July 2022

Controlled physical activity might help as a preventive and therapeutic tool in vascular pathology. In this study we aimed to understand how lower limb exercise impacts perfusion in a healthy cohort. The study involved a convenience sample of eighteen previously selected healthy individuals of both sexes (n=9 each), mean age 32.8 ± 12.7 years. Procedures respected all principles of good clinical practice. Blood perfusion changes were simultaneously assessed in the dorsal region of both feet by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and polarised spectroscopy (PSp). Measurements were taken at baseline, after stabilization (phase I), following 1 minute of bipedal isometric plantar flexion (phase II), and during recovery (phase III). Descriptive and comparative statistics were performed. Plantar flexion evoked significant perfusion changes in both feet, but in opposite directions – increasing with LDF and decreasing with PSp. These changes indicate that this approach promotes an adaptive mobilisation of blood from superficial to the deeper plexus. No significant changes in arterial blood pressure or cardiac frequency were detected. This manoeuvre, needing no specialised supervision, is capable of promoting significant perfusion changes in the lower limb, showing potential to be further explored in future studies with a prospective design in a preventive/recovery context. Keywords: plantar flexion; foot perfusion; laser Doppler flowmetry; polarised spectroscopy; PAHR - prompt adaptive hemodynamical response; physical activity; home-health
Do community pharmacy workers know how to use adrenaline autoinjectors?
Authors: Mesquita Ana Margarida , Moço Coutinho Ricardo , Plácido José Luís , Coimbra Alice
Published: July 2022

Adrenaline is the first line and most effective treatment of anaphylaxis and should be administered as soon as possible. Professionals in community pharmacies (pharmacists and pharmacy technicians) dispense adrenaline autoinjectors to allergic patients and could have a crucial role in reinforcing training regarding the use of theses devices. A survey to pharmacy workers was conducted in pharmacies located in the north of Portugal. The same professionals were invited to simulate adrenaline administration with training devices of the two autoinjectors available in Portugal. The majority of the pharmacy workers reported not having training regarding adrenaline autoinjectors and more than a third were unable to correctly demonstrate adrenaline administration with the trainer devices. Pharmacy workers in community pharmacies could have an essential role in reinforcing patient education. Consequently, it is important to encourage and ensure their training in order for them to provide clearer and more detailed instructions to patients. Keywords: adrenaline autoinjector; anaphylaxis; community pharmacies; allergy; knowledge
In vitro antioxidant capacity and in vivo hepatoprotective effect of Allophylus edulis leaf extract
Authors: Galeano Antonia K. , Centurión Juan R. , Soverina María S. , Campuzano-Bublitz Miguel A. , Kennedy María L. , Mereles Laura G.
Published: July 2022

Allophylus edulis is used in folk medicine primarily for liver conditions such as hepatitis, liver cancer and liver cirrhosis. In vitro hepatoprotective activity was previously demonstrated. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of A. edulis in mice. This was done by first determining the acute toxicity of the extract, evaluating the general behavior, and subsequently verifying the effect on paracetamol-induced toxic hepatitis in male mice. Additionally, the phytochemical profile was performed, and the content of total phenols and its total antioxidant capacity were quantified through the 2,2, azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6 sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS) method. The extract of A. edulis leaves did not demonstrate adverse effects up to 2000 mg/kg, p.o. Anthraquinones, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and tannins were detected. A high content of total phenolic compounds (TPC) was related to a high antioxidant capacity. Regarding the results of the biological tests, A. edulis did not affect the general behavior of the mice, and all doses tested decreased glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity, the main liver enzyme markers of hepatocellular damage. It is concluded that A. edulis has hepatoprotective activity, which could be related to its antioxidant activity. Keywords: Allophylus edulis; hepatoprotective; acetaminophen; liver enzymes markers; antioxidant capacity
MAİ VE SİYAH ROMANININ RUS BİÇİMCİLİĞİ AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YAPRAK Tahsin
Published: July 2022

Rus Biçimciliği, 1915-1930 yılları arasında Rusya’da etkili olmuş bir edebiyat kuramıdır. Kökenleri Aristo’ya kadar uzanan teori, kendisinden sonra gelen Yeni Eleştiri, Yapısalcılık gibi eseri merkeze alan eleştiri kuramlarını da etkilemiştir. Bu kurama göre edebiyat da diğer birçok disiplin gibi nesnel kriterlere göre incelenebilir bir bilimdir. Bu nedenle Biçimciler çalışmalarını yazınbilim olarak ifade etmişlerdir. Ayrıca, edebiyatı; psikoloji, sosyoloji, tarih gibi dalların bir örneklem alanı olmaktan çıkararak kendi özgül değerine kavuşturmayı amaçlamışlar ve bu nedenle edebiyatla ilgili çıkarımlarını edebiyata has terimlerle izah etme konusunda hassas davranmışlardır. Biçimciler, Sovyetler Birliği’nin edebiyatta hâkim kılmak istediği Sosyalist Realizm görüşüne aykırı olarak içeriği değil de biçimi ön plana çıkardıkları için zamanla sistem dışına itilmişler ve görüşlerini özgür biçimde ifade edememişlerdir. Böylece Biçimcilik’in etkileri Sovyet topraklarında değil, Avrupa ve Amerika’da görülmeye başlanmıştır. Bu beklenmedik dağılmanın, kuramın görüşlerini sistematize edememesinde etkili olduğu söylenebilir. Öte yandan, kuramcıların, araştırmacıları “eseri merkeze almak” paydası altında özgür bırakmak istemelerinin de statik bir okuma biçimi önermemelerine sebep olduğu düşünülebilir. Çalışmada, Rus kuramcıların roman teorisi üzerine düşüncelerinin bir araya getirilmesiyle yeni bir “roman tahlil metodu” önerilmiştir. Bu tahlil metodu ışığında Servetifünun edebiyatının en bilinen romanlarından olan Mai ve Siyah nesnel bir şekilde analiz edilmeye ve bu analizin sonucunda da romanın edebî nitelikleri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.