bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between Hypoalbuminemia, Degree of Proteinuria, and Lupus Nephritis Class: A Single-Center Cross-sectional Biopsy Study
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ngoc , Tran Minh Dien , Nguyen Thu Huong , Luong Thi Phuong , Thai Thien Nam , Pho Hong Diep , Nguyen Trung Kien , Tran Viet Tien , Do Quyet , Le Viet Thang
Published: July 2021

Background: The current study intended to determine whether serum albumin level and urine protein/creatinine rate (uPCR) are appropriate predictors of severe lupus nephritis in childhood-onset SLE. Objectives: Following a cross-sectional single-center design, 85 LN children referred to the National Children Hospital, Ha Noi, Viet Nam, from 6/2019 to 6/2020 were recruited. Renal biopsy was performed for all participants. Methods: Following a cross-sectional single-center design, 85 LN children referred to the National Children Hospital, Ha Noi, Viet Nam, from 6/2019 to 6/2020 were recruited. Renal biopsy was performed for all participants. Results: The mean SLEDAI score of all patients was 14.69. The proportion of patients with high and very high SLEDAI was 61.2 and 17.6%, respectively. The mean concentration of serum albumin was 28.55 g/L, and the proportion of decreased albumin concentration was 55.3%. The median uPCR was 446.6 mg/mmol in which 76.5% of values were ≥ 200 mg/mmol. Pathological morphology of LN class from I to VI was observed in 0%, 17.6%, 37.6 %, 37.6%, 7.1%, and 0%, respectively. Serum albumin level and uPCR presented the predictive value for severe and active LN (class IV and V); (AUC: 0.725 P < 0.001 for both). Conclusions: Serum albumin and uPCR were appropriate predictors for severe and active LN in Vietnamese children.
SAFE STREETS FOR REAL PEOPLE: A CASE STUDY OF NEOCONSERVATIVE POLICY FROM A STRUCTURAL SOCIAL WORK PERSPECTIVE
Authors: LeBlanc Élyse
Published: July 2021

TheSafe Streets Actof Ontario [SSA] ostensibly regulates aggressive panhandling, but is widely regarded as a contemporary vagrancy law that criminalizes people experiencing homelessness. This paper presents a case study of theSSAin which an ideological analysis is employed to highlight the extent to which dominant political paradigms shape conceptions of social problems and their appropriate remedies. Specifically, it explores the mechanisms inherent to neoconservative ideology which serve to blame individuals for their problems and construct vulnerable people in need of support as villains worthy of exclusion and punishment, rationalizing punitive responses to poverty. This approach is diametrically opposed to the aims of structural social work and therefore must be challenged. An alternative policy response is presented as it might emerge from a social democratic worldview, which is more congruent with social work ideals. This paper thus illustrates how radically the nature of social problems is transformed when viewed through contrasting ideological lenses. The paper concludes that there is great value in using political paradigms to unpack existing and create new policy in the context of structural social work mandates; doing so contributes to the paradigm shift that a profession committed to fundamental social change must help ignite.
Mandatory Social Distancing for Covid-19 Outbreak and Its Economic Consequences in West Sumatera - Indonesia
Authors: Ridwan Endrizal , Novianda Besti
Published: July 2021

The Governor of West Sumatra Province of Indonesia imposed a mandatory social distancing (PSBB) to slow down the Covid-19 outbreak from 22 April to 7 June 2020. The cons argued that PSBB was ineffective because of the impossibility to limit people’s movements. The pros, on the other hand, viewed PSBB as a training facility to increase people’s awareness about the pandemic. Our research aims at evaluating the effectiveness of PSBB by using the Kermack-McKendrick SIR pandemic model and the NLSUR non-linear least square estimation. Using daily data published by the Covid-19 task force, we found that PSBB had a positive impact on flattening the curve. Assuming that vulnerable people were around 30% of the population, PSBB has reduced the rate of spread of Covid-19 from around 2 persons to less than 1 person for every infected. We also found that the economic consequences of PSBB on commodities varied by their demand and supply characteristics. We, therefore, suggest that policy interventions related to price control and subsidy should consider these characteristics. For future research, as data more available, the effect of PSBB on broader economic variables such as poverty and growth in the province needs to be examined.
Alterations to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition is driven by warming at specific elevations
Authors: Yang Mei , Shi Zhaoyong , Mickan Bede S. , Zhang Mengge , Cao Libing
Published: July 2021

Background

Global warming can alter plant productivity, and community composition which has consequences for soil-plant associated microorganisms. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are distributed widely and form symbiotic relationships with more than 80% of vascular plants and play a key role in nutrient cycling processes at the ecosystem scale.

Methods

A simulated warming experiment at multiple elevations (3,000, 3,500, 3,800, and 4,170 m) was conducted utilizing an in-situ open-top chamber (OTC) for exploring the effect of global warming on AMF community structure in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). This region has been identified as one of the most sensitive areas to climatic changes. Soil DNA was extracted and sequenced using next the Mi-Seq platform for diversity profiling.

Results

AMF richness was higher under the simulated warming chamber, however this only occurred in the elevation of 3,500 m. Warming did not alter other AMF alpha diversity indices (e.g. Shannon, Ace, and Simpson evenness index). Glomus and Acaulospora were the dominate AMF genera as assessed through their relative abundance and occurrence in control and warming treatments at the different elevations.

Conclusion

Warming changed significantly AMF community. The effects of warming on AMF community structure varied depend on elevations. Moreover, the occurrences of AMF in different genera were also presented the different responses to warming in four elevations.
Analysis of the Compatibility of Student Satisfaction Index with Course Value Using Significance Correlation and Backpropagation Approach
Authors: Widodo Iswahyudi , Pramono Sholeh Hadi , Aswin Muhammad
Published: July 2021

The implementation of the measurement of customer satisfaction is the measurement of service satisfaction of lecturers to students to lecturers carried out by the State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang during the pandemic using the IKM Online application. The competencies measured are pedagogic competence, professional competence, personality competence, and social competence. The measurement of the correlation of significance to the results of IKM Online compared with student scores as learning outputs is carried out to determine the relationship between the two variables. The coefficient of determination is also added to the measurement to determine the strength of the influence of one variable on another variable. The results show that the correlation between the 2 variables is strong and the subject value variable has an effect of 55.9504% on the IKM outcome variable. The data classification process using the backpropagation algorithm is used to strengthen the relationship between the two variables. The result is the 2-5-1 model with RMSE 0.028 being the best model and the strong data class being the first class. From this study, measurements are needed to determine other factors that affect the assessment of student satisfaction to lecturers and evaluation of survey instruments.
История моря Лаптевых: зачем палеогеографам микроводоросли?, "Природа"
Authors: Клювиткина Т.С. , Полякова Е.И.
Published: July 2021

Существует масса способов, позволяющих заглянуть в геологическое прошлое морей и океанов. Среди них выделяется целый блок микропалеонтологических методов. Их суть заключается в реконструкции параметров морской среды по смене ассоциаций ископаемых микроорганизмов, живших в эпоху накопления тех или иных осадков. В донных осадках моря Лаптевых обнаружено множество таких микроорганизмов — скелетов, панцирей, раковин, а также органических оболочек или их фрагментов. В статье рассказывается о двух больших группах микроводорослей — диатомеях и водных палиноморфах, об их роли в палеогеографии и о том, действительно ли можно реконструировать историю моря Лаптевых, зная особенности их распределения в современных морских осадках.
ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ И БОРЬБА С ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ МОЛДОВА: ВКЛАД ФГБНУ «ЦНИИТ» В НАУЧНЫЕ ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ И УКРЕПЛЕНИЕ ФТИЗИОПНЕВМОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СЛУЖБЫ РЕСПУБЛИКИ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Александру С.М. , Тудор Е.М. , Хайдарлы И.Н. , Саин Д.О. , Яворский К.М. , Вильк В.В. , Гинда С.С. , Круду В.Н. , Болотникова В.А. , Писаренко С.В.
Published: July 2021

Приведены результаты научных, прежде всего диссертационных исследований, выполненных сотрудниками Молдавского НИИТ под руководством ученых ЦНИИТ, Москва. Проведенными исследованиями были установлены определенные закономерности эпидемиологии туберкулеза (ТБ), которые легли в основу перспективного прогнозирования эпидемиологических показателей ТБ и планирования противотуберкулезной помощи в Республике Молдова, а результаты изучения танатогенеза позволили провести определенную параллель между успехами комплексного лечения ТБ и уровнем организации системы здравоохранения. Результаты изучения патоморфологии остаточных фиброзных изменений при леченом легочном ТБ призваны способствовать совершенствованию методов профилактики и дифференциальной морфологической диагностики пневмофиброза при ТБ легких. Применение адекватных биохимических и иммунологических тестов в диагностике легочного ТБ и патологии плевры позволило установить ряд показателей для определения степени активности специфического воспалительного процесса и разработать методику дифференциальной диагностики ТБ на различных уровнях обследования. Разработанная сухая питательная среда «Финн 1» и «Финн 2» для выделения микобактерий туберкулеза (МБТ) была принята в качестве второй стандартной среды в противотуберкулезных учреждениях СССР. Использование метода выделения L-форм МБТ позволило повысить выявляемость возбудителя в 3,7 раза по сравнению с общепринятыми методами.
ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ НЕТУБЕРКУЛЕЗНОГО МИКОБАКТЕРИОЗА ЛЕГКИХ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Северова Л.П. , Гиллер Д.Б. , Ениленис И.И. , Щербакова Г.В. , Ельцова М.А. , Мягченкова К.И. , Проскуряков Ф.Г. , Шамирян Л.Г. , Морозова В.С.
Published: July 2021

Нетуберкулезный микобактериоз (НТМ) легких является актуальной проблемой здравоохранения. Несмотря на отсутствие данных о передаче заболевания от человека человеку, распространенность НТМ растет. Вопросы ранней диагностики, методов эффективного лечения и профилактики этой патологии также остаются пока не решенными. Остается неясной и возможная роль хирургии в его диагностике и лечении. Для оценки частоты выполнения хирургических операций в диагностике и лечении НТМ легких, а также анализа их эффективности нами проведен поиск по базам данных MEDLINE/PubMed, e-library. Оценивались публикации с 1 января 1960 г. по 18 октября 2020 г. Найдено 120 статей, из них 20 признаны доступными для оценки. Анализировались объемы операций, показатели смертности, частота осложнений, рецидивов в катамнезе. Всего в 20 исследованиях представлены данные о 1162 пациентах, которым выполнено 1267 операций. Отдаленные результаты хирургического лечения НТМ легких были представлены не у всех, в целом они были приведены у 97,01% описанных больных, осложнения после операции наблюдались у 21,31%, тридцатидневная летальность – у 2,07%, непосредственная эффективность составила 87,05%, рецидивы возникли у 6,16% оперированных. После хирургического лечения 33 пациентов (48 операций), проведенного нами в 2014–2017 гг., послеоперационной летальности на наблюдалось. В нашем исследовании непосредственная эффективность составила 97% и снизилась до 91% в отдаленный период. Полученные результаты схожи с данными мировой литературы.
Spotted Fever Rickettsial Infection in Pregnancy Causing Acute Hepatitis, Fatal Postpartum Hemorrhage and Possible Vertical Transmission
Authors: Ratnayake R. M. C. J. , Wanasinghe W. M. M. P. B. , Dissanayake P. , Kularatne S. A. M. , Pinto M. V. G. , Jayasinghearachchi T. M. K. , Rajapakse R. P. V. J.
Published: July 2021

We present a rare case of a 31-year-old pregnant mother in 37 weeks of gestation who presented with a 3-day history of vomiting, epigastric pain, and icterus, subsequently diagnosed as a rickettsial disease in pregnancy (with positive IgG titer for SFG) complicated with hepatitis, coagulopathy, pulmonary hemorrhage, and post-partum hemorrhage, who expired despite intensive care management. The newborn baby also had high IgG titer for SFG suggesting a vertical transmission of the disease and recovered following treatment with chloramphenicol. The SFG rickettsial infection can cause diverse clinical manifestations in pregnancy including acute hepatitis and coagulopathy. Therefore, the possibility of SFG rickettsial infection needs to be considered in diagnostic workup in obscure clinical presentations. We postulate possible vertical transmission of SFG to newborns which needs further confirmation.
Critical Quality Control Issues of Antibiotic Susceptibility Tests for Developing Countries
Authors: Ajayi Ayodele Oluwaseun , Popoola Oluwabukola Atinuke
Published: July 2021

Antibiotic therapy has been the mainstay of treatment of bacterial infections and the initial successes of the earlier generations of antibiotics for treatment and prevention of bacterial infections spurred further efforts to discover newer antibiotics. Antibiotic Susceptibility Test (AST) is a standardized procedure usually carried out on cultivable bacterial pathogens to determine their sensitivity to specific antibiotics, and to guide physicians on the best antibiotic treatment regimens for specific infections. The quality assurance and control for antibiotic susceptibility tests should be prioritized in deliberate efforts to reduce the burden of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections in developing countries.
Noise Pollution Analysis of Reserved Areas: Case Study of the Isparta Ayazmana Promenade Area
Authors: Sahin Candan Kus , Onay Busra , Sava Beyza
Published: July 2021

The sustainable landscpe design is a strategic framework in city planning and urban recreational areas, important for the quality of life of an increasingly urbanized society. This study deals with a better understanding of visitors demand and noise properties of Ayazmana promenade area, located in Isparta city center, Turkiye. The approach in the study is an exploration one with a base in site observations, interviews and survey. However, the average noise levels of the area was measured between 43.1 to 58.1 dB(A) in Autumn and 50.2 to 62.0 dB(A) in Spring, respectively. The recreational characteristics of Ayazmana promenade area were further evaluated with survey methodology on total of 100 respondents. Moreover, majority of participants (79) reported to be visiting of that promenade area for cheating with friends, followed by 78 for traveling, 70 for walking, 65 for sitting in green open spaces and for picnic, 57 for listening music and 53 for sporting activities, respectively. It is noticeable that most of the respondents (92%) were described the Ayazmana promenade area is somewhat noisy. At the end of survey study, it was requested to assessed the Ayazmana promenade area with some suggestions by respondents.
KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN BAGI PASAR LANJUT USIA (Studi Kasus Pada Promosi Jasa Tukang Gigi Hoe Sioe Shen)
Authors: Teguh Monika , Humardani Kevin Joshua , Pratama Seraphine Amadea
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya komunikasi pemasaran yang dapat menembus pasar lansia, dimana akibat degenerasi para lansia sulit untuk melakukan komunikasi namun tentunya masih memiliki kebutuhan pribadi yang perlu dipenuhi. Salah satu kebutuhan dari lansia adalah protesa gigi untuk membantu para lansia mengkonsumsi makanan sehari-hari. Di kota Surabaya terdapat jasa tukang gigi Hoe Sioe Shen yang telah melayani jasa pembuatan protesa gigi selama 76 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode studi kasus yang menjabarkan komunikasi pemasaran yang dilakukan oleh Hoe Sioe Shen. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa komponen promotional mix primer atau yang paling efektif pada perusahaan Hoe Sioe Shen adalah word of mouth (WOM), personal selling, dan sales promotion yang didukung dengan komponen lainnya dalam menjalankan komponen primer yaitu public relations. Namun Hoe Sioe Shen tidak melakukan beberapa komponen seperti advertising, online marketing, dan direct marketing walaupun terdapat peluang untuk dilakukan.
KONSEP DIRI: ANALISIS KESADARAN LINGKUNGAN KAUM VEGAN DAN VEGETARIAN DI BRITANIA RAYA
Authors: Nathania Lila , Hartanto Bobie
Published: July 2021

Konsep diri merupakan kesadaran tiap individu yang kompleks dan melibatkan proses pemikiran mendalam. Dalam proses pembentukan konsep diri, seorang individu dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor internal maupun eksternal. Konsep diri kita dalam menjaga atau merusak lingkungan ternyata dibentuk melalui kebudayaan dan proses sosial. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana konsep diri yang terkait dengan kesadaran lingkungan pada kaum vegetarian dan vegan di Britania Raya. Metode yang dipakai adalah fenomenologi dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara. Relevansi penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana faktor internal dan eksternal memengaruhi konsep diri seorang individu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alasan utama seseorang menjadi vegetarian atau vegan adalah karena ajaran agama atau budaya. Temuan lain dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa terpaan pesan media tidak berdampak besar pada perubahan konsep diri seorang individu. Komunikasi interpersonal dengan orang lain seperti teman justru lebih efektif dalam membentuk konsep diri seseorang.
GAYA KOMUNIKASI PS. CHRISTOFER TAPIHERU DALAM MEMBENTUK PERSONAL BRANDING
Authors: Lady Padaga Ester Priscilla , Fitriyani Lamria Raya
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana gaya komunikasi Christofer Tapiheru dalam membentuk personal branding. Dengan jumlah pengikutnya yang bertambah setiap harinya di media sosial, tentunya ada sesuatu yang menarik dari gaya komunikasi yang ditampilkan dan personal branding yang terbentuk dari gaya komunikasi tersebut. Peneliti akan memfokuskan penelitian kepada personal branding yang terbentuk dari gaya komunikasi yang ditampilkan oleh Christofer Tapiheru. Penelitian ini mengacu pada teori personal branding oleh Montoya dan Vandehey. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data yang diperlukan untuk penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara semi-terstruktur, dan studi dokumen. Narasumber utama dalam penelitian ini adalah Christofer Tapiheru beserta istrinya Lovelia Chandradinata, Yonathan Theofilus sebagai teman Christofer Tapiheru, dan Samuel Simatupang sebagai khalayak Christofer Tapiheru. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, Christofer Tapiheru tidak seperti pendeta pada umumnya, ia tidak menempuh pendidikan resmi di sekolah teologi, dan gaya bahasa yang ia tampilkan adalah gaya bahasa yang mendarat dan santai. Christofer Tapiheru hanya ingin menampilkan dirinya apa adanya dan hal itu benar-benar dapat dilihat oleh khalayaknya. Gaya komunikasi Christofer Tapiheru adalah gaya komunikasi Equalitarian Style, dimana Christofer melihat khalayak nya secara setara dengannya, mengingat bahwa Christofer menganggap khalayaknya sebagai keluarga, dan bukan cuma sekedar penggemar. Gaya komunikasi tersebut membentuk personal branding Christofer Tapiheru sebagai sosok pendeta yang tidak biasa, apa adanya dan sosok yang mudah didekati oleh khalayak.
PENGARUH KINERJA KARYAWAN DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PENGGUNA JASA DRIVE THRU TAHUN 2020
Authors: Habib Freda , Keke Yulianti , Ratnasari Devi
Published: July 2021

Unit Pengelola Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor Pulogadung yang bergerak di dalam pengujian kendaraan bermotor. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti mencoba mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pengguna jasa yang diberikan oleh Unit Pengelola Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor Pulogadung dilihat dari sisi Kinerja Karyawan dan Kualitas Pelayanan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh dari Kinerja karyawan dan kualitas Pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pengguna jasa baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Peneliti menganalisis data dari 97 pengguna jasa di Unit Pengelola Pengujian Kendaraan bermotor Pulogadung. Hasil penelitian bahwa Kinerja karyawan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara parsial terhadap variabel kepuasan pengguna jasa ditandai dengan nilai t hitung sebesar 13.695 dengan taraf signifikan sebesar 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05, Kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara pasrsial terhadap variabel kepuasan pengguna jasa di tandai dengan nilai t hitung sebesar 16.711 dengan taraf signifikan sebesar 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05 dan Kinerja karyawan dan kualitas pelayanan positif dan signifikan secara simultan terhadap variabel kepuasan pengguna jasa di tandai dengan nilai f hitung sebesar 146.823 dengan tariff signifikan sebesar 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05. Maka dari hasil, peneliti memberikan saran agar Unit Pengelola Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor Pulogadung bisa meningkatkan kepuasan Pengguna jasa dengan menerapkan strategi komunikasi dengan perencanaan dan manajemen, sehingga unit Pengelola Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor Pulogadung dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan yang lebih baik kepada pelanggan.
Exposure to prolonged sedentary behavior on weekdays rather than weekends in white-collar workers in comparison with blue-collar workers
Authors: Fukushima Noritoshi , Kikuchi Hiroyuki , Amagasa Shiho , Machida Masaki , Kitabayashi Makiko , Hayashi Toshio , Odagiri Yuko , Takamiya Tomoko , Inoue Shigeru
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Objectively measured sedentary behavior (SB) on weekdays and weekends has been mainly assessed in white-collar workers, while data in blue-collar workers are sparse. Therefore, this study presented the difference in accelerometer-measured SB levels between weekdays and weekends, stratified by white- and blue-collar occupations.

Methods

This study was a sub-analysis of accelerometer data from 73 workers (31 blue-collar and 42 white-collar) at a Japanese manufacturing plant. SB was defined as ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents estimated using an accelerometer, and compared between weekdays and weekends by using mixed models adjusted for confounders. The proportion of workers who sat for ≤8 h/day on weekdays and weekends were compared using McNemar’s test.

Results

In white-collar workers, SB time on weekdays was significantly longer than that on weekends (598 vs 479 min/day, P < .001). In blue-collar workers, there was no significant difference in SB time between weekdays and weekends (462 vs 485 min/day, P = .43). The proportion of workers who achieved the recommended SB levels (≤8 h) was only 4.8% for white-collar workers on weekdays and 54.8% on weekends (P = .04), while that of blue-collar workers was 45.2% and 58.1% respectively (P > .99).

Conclusions

White-collar workers were exposed to significantly longer SB time on weekdays than on weekends, which was not the case in blue-collar workers. It may be rather challenging for white-collar workers to limit their SB time to the level recommended by the latest guidelines for better health, especially on weekdays.
Type of exercise may influence postural adaptations in chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Waibel Sarah , Wehrle Anja , Müller Jana , Bertz Hartmut , Maurer Christoph
Published: July 2021

Objective

Traditional posturography measurements characterize postural instability in patients with chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), while underlying postural control mechanisms remain unclear. Taking a model‐based approach can yield insights into these mechanisms. This study’s aim was to characterize the modifications in postural control of CIPN patients associated with exercise in relation to the postural behavior of healthy control participants (hCON) via an exploratory approach.

Methods

Thirty‐one CIPN patients were randomly assigned to two interventions (balance plus moderate endurance training vs. moderate endurance training only) and exercised twice per week over 12 weeks. Baseline data were compared to 36 matched hCONs. We recorded spontaneous sway and postural reactions to platform tilts using Optotrak and a Kistler force platform pre‐ and post‐intervention. Data interpretation relied on a model‐based parameter identification procedure.

Results

Spontaneous sway amplitudes were larger and postural reactions smaller, with a relative phase advance, in our pre‐intervention patients than the hCONs. Post‐intervention, spontaneous sway, and postural reactions were reduced and the sensory‐motor ratio larger in both groups, while the postural reaction timing differed between groups.

Interpretation

The abnormally small postural reactions in CIPN patients before the intervention can be interpreted as the consequence of abnormally strong velocity control—a strategy modification that may serve as a prediction mechanism to compensate for the lack of timely and accurate proprioceptive signals. While both groups reduced postural sway and showed an adapted sensory‐motor ratio post‐intervention, the interventions seemed to trigger different velocity control strategies. This study emphasizes the need for taking a more differentiated perspective on intervention effects.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) number: DRKS00005419, prospectively registered on November 19, 2013.
Serum MMP3 Correlated With IL1β Messenger RNA Expressions of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients With Relapsing Polychondritis With Respiratory Involvement
Authors: Shimizu Jun , Wakisaka Sueshige , Suzuki Tomoko , Suzuki Noboru
Published: July 2021

Objective

Respiratory involvement was intimately associated with poorer prognosis in patients with relapsing polychondritis (RP). We previously reported that high serum matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP3) was frequently observed in patients with RP with respiratory involvement. Elevated MMP3 secreted through local inflammation may be associated with the development of airway lesions.

Methods

We collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and sera from 30 patients with RP and 14 healthy individuals. Interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions were analyzed in freshly isolated and cultured PBMCs with phytohemagglutinin and phorbol myristate acetate stimulation by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and serum MMP3 by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

We confirmed our previous finding that patients with respiratory involvements showed higher serum MMP3 compared with patients lacking respiratory involvement. IL1β mRNA expression was significantly higher in patients with RP than in healthy individuals after mitogenic stimulation. TNFα mRNA expression after stimulation was significantly lower in patients with RP compared with in healthy individuals. We performed correlation analyses between MMP3 and cytokine mRNA expressions in patients with RP. In patients with respiratory involvement, MMP3 correlated with IL1β and IL6 after stimulation. In patients without respiratory involvement, no positive correlations between MMP3 and cytokine mRNA expressions were observed regardless of culture condition. We did not find any positive correlations between MMP3 and TNFα mRNA expression in patients with RP.

Conclusion

It is possible that IL1β mRNA expression associates by some means with airway inflammation via the secretion of MMP3 in patients with RP. Involvement of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL1β, was suggested for the pathophysiology of airway lesions in patients with RP.
Incomplete reproductive isolation and low genetic differentiation despite floral divergence across varying geographic scales inCastilleja
Authors: Wenzell Katherine E. , McDonnell Angela J. , Wickett Norman J. , Fant Jeremie B. , Skogen Krissa A.
Published: July 2021

Premise

Divergence depends on the strength of selection and frequency of gene flow between taxa, while reproductive isolation relies on mating barriers and geographic distance. Less is known about how these processes interact at early stages of speciation. Here, we compared population‐level differentiation in floral phenotype and genetic sequence variation among recently divergedCastillejato explore patterns of diversification under different scenarios of reproductive isolation.

Methods

Using target enrichment enabled by the Angiosperms353 probe set, we assessed genetic distance among 50 populations of fourCastillejaspecies. We investigated whether patterns of genetic divergence are explained by floral trait variation or geographic distance in two focal groups: the widespreadC. sessilifloraand the more restrictedC. purpureaspecies complex.

Results

We document thatC. sessilifloraand theC. purpureacomplex are characterized by high diversity in floral color across varying geographic scales. Despite phenotypic divergence, groups were not well supported in phylogenetic analyses, and little genetic differentiation was found across targeted Angiosperms353 loci. Nonetheless, a principal coordinate analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms revealed differentiation withinC. sessilifloraacross floral morphs and geography and less differentiation among species of theC. purpureacomplex.

Conclusions

Patterns of genetic distance inC. sessiliflorasuggest species cohesion maintained over long distances despite variation in floral traits. In theC. purpureacomplex, divergence in floral color across narrow geographic clines may be driven by recent selection on floral color. These contrasting patterns of floral and genetic differentiation reveal that divergence can arise via multiple eco‐evolutionary paths.
A higher‐level nuclear phylogenomic study of the carrot family (Apiaceae)
Authors: Clarkson James J. , Zuntini Alexandre R. , Maurin Olivier , Downie Stephen R. , Plunkett Gregory M. , Nicolas Antoine N. , Smith James F. , Feist Mary Ann E. , Gutierrez Karime , Malakasi Panagiota , Bailey Paul , Brewer Grace E. , Epitawalage Niroshini , Zmarzty Sue , Forest Félix , Baker William J.
Published: July 2021

Premise

The carrot family (Apiaceae) comprises 466 genera, which include many well‐known crops (e.g., aniseed, caraway, carrots, celery, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, parsley, and parsnips). Higher‐level phylogenetic relationships among subfamilies, tribes, and other major clades of Apiaceae are not fully resolved. This study aims to address this important knowledge gap.

Methods

Target sequence capture with the universal Angiosperms353 probe set was used to examine phylogenetic relationships in 234 genera of Apiaceae, representing all four currently recognized subfamilies (Apioideae, Azorelloideae, Mackinlayoideae, and Saniculoideae). Recovered nuclear genes were analyzed using both multispecies coalescent and concatenation approaches.

Results

We recovered hundreds of nuclear genes even from old and poor‐quality herbarium specimens. Of particular note, we placed with strong support three incertae sedis genera (Platysace, Klotzchia, and Hermas); all three occupy isolated positions, with Platysace resolved as sister to all remaining Apiaceae. We placed nine genera (Apodicarpum, Bonannia, Grafia, Haplosciadium, Microsciadium, Physotrichia, Ptychotis, Tricholaser, Xatardia) that have never previously been included in any molecular phylogenetic study.

Conclusions

We provide support for the maintenance of the four existing subfamilies of Apiaceae, while recognizing that Hermas, Klotzschia, and the Platysace clade may each need to be accommodated in additional subfamilies (pending improved sampling). The placement of the currently apioid genus Phlyctidocarpa can be accommodated by the expansion of subfamily Saniculoideae, although adequate morphological synapomorphies for this grouping are yet to be defined. This is the first phylogenetic study of the Apiaceae using high‐throughput sequencing methods and represents an unprecedented evolutionary framework for the group.
Maple syrup urine disease: Characteristics of diagnosis and treatment in 45 patients in Chile
Authors: Medina María Fernanda , Castro Gabriela , Falcon Felipe , Cabello Juan Francisco , Faundes Víctor , Ruffato Diana , Salazar María Florencia , Arias Carolina , Peñaloza Felipe , De La Parra Alicia , Cornejo Verónica
Published: July 2021

Maple urine syrup disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by deficient activity of the branched‐chain alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKAD) enzymatic complex due to biallelic variants in the alpha (BCKDHA) or beta (BCKDHB) subunits or the acyltransferase component (DBT). Treatment consists in leucine (LEU), isoleucine (ILE), and valine (VAL) (branched‐chain amino acids) dietary restriction and strict metabolic control. to determine the characteristics of the Chilean cohort with MSUD currently in follow‐up at Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, during the 1990–2017 period Retrospective analytical study in 45 MSUD cases. Measured: biochemical parameters (LEU, ILE, and VAL), anthropometric evaluation, and neurocognitive development. In 18 cases undergoing genetic study were analyzed according to the gene and protein location, number of affected alleles, and type of posttranslational modification affected. Then, 45 patients with MSUD diagnosis were identified during the period: 37 were alive at the time of the study. Average diagnosis age was 71 ± 231 days. Average serum diagnosis LEU concentrations: 1.463 ± 854.1 μmol/L, VAL 550 ± 598 μmol/L and ILE 454 ± 458 μmol/L. BCKDHB variants explain 89% cases, while BCKDHA and DBT variants explain 5.5% of cases each. Variants p.Thr338Ile in BCKDHA, p.Pro240Thr and p.Ser342Asn in BCKDHB have not been previously reported in literature. Average serum follow‐up LEU concentrations were 252.7 ± 16.9 μmol/L in the <5 years group and 299 ± 123.2 μmol/L in ≥5 years. Most cases presented some degree of developmental delay. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential to improve the long‐term prognosis. Frequent blood LEU measurements are required to optimize metabolic control and to establish relationships between different aspects analyzed.
Optimizing Electrode/Electrolyte Interphases and Li‐Ion Flux/Solvation for Lithium‐Metal Batteries with Qua‐Functional Heptafluorobutyric Anhydride
Authors: Huang Junda , Liu Jiandong , He Jian , Wu Mingguang , Qi Shihan , Wang Huaping , Li Fang , Ma Jianmin
Published: July 2021

The safety and electrochemical performance of rechargeable lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) are primarily influenced by the additives in the organic liquid electrolytes. However, multi‐functional additives are still rarely reported. Herein, we proposed heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFA) as a qua‐functional additive to optimize the composition and structure of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The reduction/oxidation decomposition of the fluorine‐rich HFA facilitate uniform inorganic‐rich SEI and compact cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) formation, which enables stable lithium plating during charge and suppresses the dissolution of transition‐metal ions. Moreover, HFA optimizes the Li‐ion solvation for stable Li plating/stripping and serves as the surfactant to enhance the wettability of the separator by the electrolyte to increase Li‐ion flux. The symmetric Li∥Li cell with 1.0 wt % HFA electrolyte had an excellent cycling performance over 340 h at 1.0 mA cm−2 with a capacity of 0.5 mAh cm−2 while the Li∥NCM622 cell maintained high capacity retention after 250 cycles and outstanding rate performance even at 15 C.
Spontaneous Enhancement of Magnetic Resonance Signals Using a RASER
Authors: Korchak Sergey , Kaltschnee Lukas , Dervisoglu Riza , Andreas Loren , Griesinger Christian , Glöggler Stefan
Published: July 2021

Nuclear magnetic resonance is usually drastically limited by its intrinsically low sensitivity: Only a few spins contribute to the overall signal. To overcome this limitation, hyperpolarization methods were developed that increase signals several times beyond the normal/thermally polarized signals. The ideal case would be a universal approach that can signal enhance the complete sample of interest in solution to increase detection sensitivity. Here, we introduce a combination of para‐hydrogen enhanced magnetic resonance with the phenomenon of the RASER: Large signals of para‐hydrogen enhanced molecules interact with the magnetic resonance coil in a way that the signal is spontaneously converted into an in‐phase signal. These molecules directly interact with other compounds via dipolar couplings and enhance their signal. We demonstrate that this is not only possible for solvent molecules but also for an amino acid.
A High‐Voltage Zn–Organic Battery Using a Nonflammable Organic Electrolyte
Authors: Qiu Xuan , Wang Nan , Dong Xiaoli , Xu Jie , Zhou Kang , Li Wei , Wang Yonggang
Published: July 2021

Owing to undesired Zn corrosion and the formation of Zn dendrites in aqueous electrolytes, most of the examples of aqueous Zn batteries with reported excellent performance are achieved with low Zn‐utilization (<0.6 %) in the anode and low mass‐loading (<3 mg cm−2) in the cathode. Herein, we propose a new organic electrolyte for Zn batteries, which contains a zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (Zn‐TFMS) salt and a mixed solvent consisting of propylene carbonate (PC) and triethyl phosphate (TEP). We demonstrate that this electrolyte with an optimized PC/TEP ratio not only exhibits high ionic conductivity and a wide stable potential window, but also facilitates dendrite‐free Zn plating/stripping. In particular, the TEP solvent makes the electrolyte nonflammable. Finally, a 2 V Zn//polytriphenylamine composite (PTPAn) battery is fabricated with the optimized electrolyte; it shows a high rate and a long lifetime (2400 cycles) even with a high mass‐loading (16 mg cm−2) of PTPAn in the cathode and with a high Zn‐utilization (3.5 %).
Efficient Hole Trapping in Carbon Dot/Oxygen‐Modified Carbon Nitride Heterojunction Photocatalysts for Enhanced Methanol Production from CO2 under Neutral Conditions
Authors: Wang Yiou , Godin Robert , Durrant James R. , Tang Junwang
Published: July 2021

Artificial photosynthesis of alcohols from CO2 is still unsatisfactory owing to the rapid charge relaxation compared to the sluggish photoreactions and the oxidation of alcohol products. Here, we demonstrate that CO2 is reduced to methanol with 100 % selectivity using water as the only electron donor on a carbon nitride‐like polymer (FAT) decorated with carbon dots. The quantum efficiency of 5.9 % (λ=420 nm) is 300 % higher than the previously reported carbon nitride junction. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we observed that holes in FAT could be extracted by the carbon dots with nearly 75 % efficiency before they become unreactive by trapping. Extraction of holes resulted in a greater density of photoelectrons, indicative of reduced recombination of shorter‐lived reactive electrons. This work offers a strategy to promote photocatalysis by increasing the amount of reactive photogenerated charges via structure engineering and extraction before energy losses by deep trapping.
Understanding the Roles of Electrogenerated Co3+ and Co4+ in Selectivity‐Tuned 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Oxidation
Authors: Deng Xiaohui , Xu Ge‐Yang , Zhang Yue‐Jiao , Wang Lei , Zhang Jiujun , Li Jian‐Feng , Fu Xian‐Zhu , Luo Jing‐Li
Published: July 2021

The Co‐based electrocatalyst is among the most promising candidates for electrochemical oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). However, the intrinsic active sites and detailed mechanism of this catalyst remains unclear. We combine experimental evidence and a theoretical study to show that electrogenerated Co3+ and Co4+ species act as chemical oxidants but with distinct roles in selective HMF oxidation. It is found that Co3+ is only capable of oxidizing formyl group to produce carboxylate while Co4+ is required for the initial oxidation of hydroxyl group with significantly faster kinetics. As a result, the product distribution shows explicit dependence on the Co oxidation states and selective production of 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA) and 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) are achieved by tuning the applied potential. This work offers essential mechanistic insight on Co‐catalyzed organic oxidation reactions and might guide the design of more efficient electrocatalysts.
Random packing material in disinfection contactors: Effects on baffling and energy loss
Authors: Baker Jessica L. , Venayagamoorthy Subhas K. , De Long Susan K.
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the potential improvement in the hydraulic disinfection efficiency and the possible energy loss as a result of the presence of random packing material (RPM) in a laboratory‐scale chlorine contactor. Tracer tests were conducted on a 55‐gal drum tank filled with RPM in varying amounts in different configurations to measure the efficiency of each setup in terms of baffling factor (BF). The bulk pressure drop was measured to determine the energy loss for each configuration. The results of this study show that securing RPM near the inlet, in any amount, improves the BF by 300% to more than 900%. The amount of RPM begins to have an impact at or above an inlet jet Reynolds number of ~27,700. Also, changes in head loss due to the presence of RPM (in any amount, configuration, and/or flow rate) were generally considered to be negligible.

Article Impact Statement

This study highlights the practical utility of random packing material for enhancing baffling factors of contactors in small water systems.
Reflection Properties of the Human Skin From 40 to 110 GHz: A Confirmation Study
Authors: Christ Andreas , Aeschbacher Adrian , Rouholahnejad Fereshteh , Samaras Theodoros , Tarigan Bernadetta , Kuster Niels
Published: July 2021

Several recent theoretical dosimetric studies above 6 GHz apply generic layered skin models. For this frequency range, new experimental phantoms for over‐the‐air performance of wireless devices were proposed that simulate the impedance matching effects of the stratum corneum layer (SCL) with a low‐loss coating layer. The aim of this study was to verify the skin models by comparing their reflection coefficients S11 with measurements of 37 human volunteers (21 males, 16 females, 5–80 years) at 21 body locations (10 at palm, 11 at arm/face) with different SCL thicknesses, using waveguides covering frequencies from 40 to 110 GHz. Such measurements were also carried out with the phantom material. The statistical analysis showed strong evidence that S11 depends on the SCL thickness and no evidence that S11 depends on sex. The measured S11 values for thin and thick skin can be represented by SCL layers of 15 and 140 μm, respectively. These values correspond well to the assumptions of previous studies. (The cohort did not include volunteers doing heavy manual work.) The phantom material mimics the matching effect of the SCL with deviations from the waveguide measurements of less than 0.85 dB (22%), which confirms the suitability of layered phantoms to represent the electromagnetic reflection/absorption of human skin. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Near‐Null Magnetic Field Suppresses Fruit Growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xu Chunxiao , Feng Shanshan , Yu Yang , Zhang Yuxia , Wei Shufeng
Published: July 2021

We previously found that a near‐null magnetic field affected reproductive growth in Arabidopsis under white light. To test whether the effect of a near‐null magnetic field on fruit growth of Arabidopsis is related to cryptochrome, we grew wild‐type Arabidopsis and cryptochrome double mutant, cry1/cry2, in a near‐null magnetic field under blue light. We found that fruit growth of wild‐type Arabidopsis instead of the cry1/cry2 mutant was suppressed by the near‐null magnetic field. Furthermore, gibberellin (GA) levels of GA4, GA9, GA34, and GA51 in fruits of wild‐type plants in the near‐null magnetic fields were significantly lower than local geomagnetic field controls. However, in cry1/cry2 mutants, levels of the four detected GAs in fruits in the near‐null magnetic fields did not differ significantly from controls. Expressions of GA20‐oxidase (GA20ox) genes (GA20ox1 and GA20ox2) and GA3‐oxidase (GA3ox) genes (GA3ox1 and GA3ox3) in fruits of wild‐type plants rather than cry1/cry2 mutants were downregulated by the near‐null magnetic field. In contrast, expressions of GA2‐oxidase (GA2ox) genes and GA signaling genes were not affected by the near‐null magnetic field. These results indicate that suppression of fruit growth by the near‐null magnetic field is mediated by cryptochrome and that GAs are involved in the regulation of fruit growth by the near‐null magnetic field. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Effects of π‐Electron Systems on Optical Activity of Au11 Clusters Protected by Chiral Diphosphines
Authors: Shinjo Naoaki , Takano Shinjiro , Tsukuda Tatsuya
Published: July 2021

We systematically examined the effects of π‐electron systems on the chiroptical activity of atomically precise gold clusters [Au11(DP)4L2]+, where DP and L represent chiral diphosphines and achiral anionic ligands, respectively. Reducing the distance between the π‐electron systems of the chiral DP and the Au11 core enhanced the anisotropy factor of [Au11(DP)4L2]+ in the range of 300–450 nm while extension of the π‐electron system of the achiral L did not. This tendency supports our previous proposal that the proximity of the chiral π‐electron system to the gold core amplifies the optical activity.
The feasibility and effectiveness of compassionate mind training as a test anxiety intervention for adolescents: A preliminary investigation
Authors: O’Driscoll Dean , McAleese Maria
Published: July 2021

Test anxiety can have a deleterious impact on academic achievement and adversely affect adolescent well‐being, both concurrently and in later life. The current study explored the use of compassionate mind training (CMT) as a school‐based intervention for test anxiety among adolescents. Participants were 47 adolescents, aged 16–17 years, attending a post‐primary school in the UK and enrolled to take qualifications beyond compulsory education. Participants were quasi‐randomly allocated on the basis of timetable availability into an intervention group that received eight sessions of CMT (n = 22) or a control group (n = 25). Participants in both groups completed pre‐ and post‐intervention measures of test anxiety, general anxiety and self‐compassion. Attendance and retention rates were used as an index of intervention feasibility. The findings indicated that CMT was a feasible and effective intervention. Adolescents receiving CMT showed significant reductions in test anxiety and general anxiety, as well as a significant improvement in self‐compassion following the intervention compared with the control group. The findings highlight the potential value of CMT in supporting young people suffering from test anxiety in schools. The implications for counselling practice are discussed.