bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Industrial Energy Optimisation: A Laser Cutting Case Study
Authors: Goffin Nicholas , Jones Lewis C. R. , Tyrer John R. , Ouyang Jinglei , Mativenga Paul , Li Lin , Woolley Elliot
Published: September 2023

In an increasingly technological world, energy efficiency in manufacturing is of great importance. While large manufacturing corporations have the resources to commission energy studies with minimal impact on operations, this is not true for small and medium enterprises (SME’s). These businesses will commonly only have a small number of laser processing cells; thus, to carry out an energy study can be extremely disruptive to normal operations. Since rising global energy costs also have the largest impact on small businesses who lack the benefit of economies of scale, they are simultaneously the most in need of improvements to energy efficiency, while also facing the strongest practical barriers to implementing them. In this study, a laser processing energy analysis methodology was designed to run simultaneously with normal operation and applied to a laser shim-cutting cell in a UK-based SME. This paper demonstrates the methodology for identifying operating states in a production environment and Specific Energy Consumption and Scope 2 CO2 emissions results are analysed. The Processing state itself was the most impactful on overall energy performance, at 55% for single sheets of material, increasing to 71% when batch processing. Generating idealised data in this production environment is challenging with restrictions to isolating variables, these “real-world” limitations for conducting system energy analysis simultaneously with live production are also discussed to present recommendations for further analysis.
Software Safety Assurance in Non-airborne GPS-based Landing Aids
Authors: Jendraszyk Daniel , Dautermann Thomas
Published: September 2023

This paper investigates the software standard DO-278A from the RTCA according to assurance level 3 to provide a concept for approving software of ground-based navigation aids. For this purpose, related literature and standards were reviewed and evaluated for their applicability for proposing such a concept. The resulting approval concept shows our approach for conducting the development process according to DO-278A based on a traditional one and focusing on an activity schedule. Therefore, the paper offers preliminary considerations at first to show the relation between system and software development. In addition, corresponding standards that are related to the development are presented as well. The concept is segmented in three main phases for software planning, realization, and verification, which are subdivided and scheduled in specific activities. Each activity consists of an outline describing the contents expected by DO-278A and our approach to organizing them. This paper shows our conceptional approach to obtain an approval for software according to DO-278A. This concept is prepared to approve a radio navigation aid.
Methods to Authenticate Luxury Products: Identifying Key Features and Most Recognized Deficits
Authors: Zimmermann Robert , Udokwu Chibuzor , Kompp Ricarda , Staab Marina , Brandtner Patrick , Norta Alex
Published: September 2023

Luxury products are expensive goods of high quality that are produced in limited quantities. Unsurprisingly, the problem of counterfeiting is especially high for such products, causing various issues for sellers and consumers. Therefore, product authentication represents an important endeavor. While traditional approaches such as expert-based product authentication are reliable but expensive, consumer-based approaches are cheaper but significantly more error-prone. Hence, the development of efficient approaches that also consider the advantages of modern technologies, such as, e.g., blockchains, provide high potential for improving the status quo. This work applies a mixed-method approach and reports about a quantitative survey in combination with expert interviews to identify common methods and key features from consumer and seller perspective when authenticating luxury products. This paper is an extended version of previous work presented at the International Conference on Future Data and Security Engineering (FDSE 2022). As such, it additionally provides insights on the most recognized deficits from consumer and seller perspective when authenticating luxury products. Results show that the knowledge of authentication methods is unevenly distributed between experts and consumers. While both consumers and experts are aware of traditional, serial number-based approaches, blockchain-enabled ways of product authentication are only known by experts. However, both groups tend to prefer digital ways of authentication and agree that sellers, followed by producers, and lastly consumers are responsible for ensuring authentic products. Consumers desire many additional features for product authentication than experts. Most desired features include tracking the sales history via, e.g., the blockchain or online directories, the traceability of ownership, or the possibility to conduct home tests for consumers. Most recognized deficits when authenticating luxury products are seen in the difficult implementation of thorough identification methods and the limited reliability of these methods. The results of the paper provide researchers and practitioners with a feature base for developing novel authentication approaches.
A perceptible stacking ensemble model for air temperature prediction in a tropical climate zone
Authors: Mollick Tajrian , Hashmi Galib , Sabuj Saifur Rahman
Published: September 2023

Bangladesh is one of the world’s most susceptible countries to climate change. Global warming has significantly increased surface temperatures worldwide, including in Bangladesh. According to meteorological observations, the average temperature of the world has risen approximately 1.2 °C to 1.3 °C over the last century. Researchers and decision-makers have recently paid attention into the climate change studies. Climate models are used extensively throughout the nation in studies on global climate change to determine future estimates and uncertainties. This paper outlines a perceptible stacking ensemble learning model to estimate the temperature of a tropical region—Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. The next day’s temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature are estimated based on the daily weather database collected from the weather station of Cox’s Bazar for a period of 20 years between 2001 and 2021. Five machine learning (ML) models, namely linear regression (LR), ridge, support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF), and light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) are selected out of twelve ML models and combined to integrate the outputs of each model to attain the desired predictive performance. Different statistical schemes based on time-lag values play a significant role in the feature engineering stage. Evaluation metrics like mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination (R2) are determined to compare the predictive performance of the models. The findings imply that the stacking approach presented in this paper prevails over the standalone models. Specifically, the study reached the highest attainable R2 values (0.925, 0.736, and 0.965) for forecasting temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature. The statistical test and trend analysis provide additional evidence of the excellent performance of the suggested model.
Quantum Turbulence
Authors: Barenghi Carlo F. , Skrbek Ladislav , Sreenivasan Katepalli R.
Published: September 2023

Turbulence plays a crucial role in contexts ranging from galaxy formation to heavy atomic nuclei, from jet engines to arterial blood flow, challenging engineers, physicists, and mathematicians. Recently, turbulence of quantum fluids displaying superfluidity has emerged as an exciting area of interdisciplinary research that spans fluid dynamics, low-temperature physics, and Bose-Einstein condensation. The first book on quantum turbulence, this work describes state-of-the-art results and techniques, stressing analogies and differences with classical turbulence. The authors focus in particular on low temperature phases of liquid helium, drawing on evidence from recent experiments, theory, and numerical simulations. Written by leading figures in the field, this is a go-to reference for students and researchers at all levels.
Separation of Powers and Antitrust
Authors: Martenet Vincent
Published: September 2023

Separation of powers and antitrust deal with power and occupy centre stage in our challenging, digital times, but their interactions have not yet been analysed. This timely and ground-breaking book provides an innovative cross-disciplinary analysis of the potential convergence of these two fields. Notably, Vincent Martenet examines the concentration of politico-economic power in the hands of a few digital firms which have adopted private regulation, impacting an entire industry and society at large. He combines doctrinal method with historical developments, case studies, assessment of legislative proposals, and observations on the functioning of digital markets and democracy in the digital era. The book sketches important new axes of the separation of powers and suggests that antitrust may contribute, albeit in a limited way, to greater trust in both society and democracy: 'antitrust for trust', the ultimate apparent antitrust paradox.
Online Self-Help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Module for College Students with Higher Gaming Disorder During COVID-19: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ding Dongyan , Pan Mengdie , Wang Wenjuan , Wang Xiucheng , Ma Simin , Yang Yuqing , Huang Yonghui , Guo Menghui , Wu Yizhen
Published: September 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in online gaming behaviour among college students. This study aimed to examine the impact of online self-help interventions consisting of different components within the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) framework on college students’ gaming disorder and gaming frequency. Additionally, it evaluated the effectiveness of both interventions in addressing psychological distress among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. One intervention was a full ACT program, which consists of six core components, while the other intervention focused on the engaged components of ACT (specifically targeting value-based actions). The study employed a 2 conditions (Full ACT vs. Engaged ACT) × 3 times (pre-, mid- and post-program) design to examine the effectiveness of these interventions. Each intervention consisted of 10 sessions, delivered at a frequency of five sessions per week over a 2-week period for both groups. The participants in this study were enrolled in two online classes. Participants with gaming disorder scores in the top 20% were selected and assigned to either the Full group (N = 49) or the Engaged group (N = 41) for the interventions. The study assessed outcome variables, including gaming disorder, psychological flexibility, daily gaming hours, weekly gaming days and psychological distress, at pre-intervention, mid-intervention, post-intervention and one-month follow-up for both groups. No significant differences were observed between the two groups on these outcomes at the pre-intervention stage. The findings of this study indicate that both interventions effectively reduced gaming disorder and weekly gaming frequency, while enhancing psychological flexibility. Nonetheless, the Engaged group exhibited a significant reduction in daily gaming hours. There was no substantial change in psychological distress in either group during and after the intervention. The implications and limitations of this study were also reported.
The Ambivalence of Alexander Berkman’s Anti-Prison Anarchism
Authors: BENNETT NOLAN
Published: September 2023

Alexander Berkman’s 1912 Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist is a significant book in the development of American anti-prison politics, not despite, but because of its ambivalent approach to prisons. I trace through Berkman’s book and archive an unresolved tension between two approaches to the prison: advocacy for political prisoners, whereby the prison is a state tool for suppressing radical ideas, and advocacy against the politics of prisons, whereby the prison is an “aggravated counterpart” of social structures and a site of struggle. Berkman’s ambivalence between these approaches amid his memoirs and activism exemplifies the complex development of U.S. thinking on prisons and enduring tensions in contemporary prison politics.
Race et biologie à l’ère de l’épigénétique. Naturalisme, environnementalisme, constructivisme
Authors: Pontarotti Gaëlle
Published: September 2023

Le concept de race a oscillé dès l'origine entre la sphère politico-sociale et la biologie. Si les perspectives sociales ont été dominantes dans la seconde moitié du XXesiècle, une nouvelle forme de naturalisation semble émerger à l’ère de l’épigénétique. Dans cet article, je montre que la conception épigénétique de la race rappelle d'anciennes perspectives externalistes et engage à articuler naturalisme, environnementalisme et constructivisme biosocial. Je souligne qu'elle fait apparaître la race comme une propriété relationnelle, plastique et accidentelle, et les groupes raciaux comme des constructions bio-sociales historiquement contingentes.
Null hypersurfaces in 4-manifolds endowed with a product structure
Authors: Georgiou Nikos
Published: September 2023

In a 4-manifold, the composition of a Riemannian Einstein metric with an almost paracomplex structure that is isometric and parallel defines a neutral metric that is conformally flat and scalar flat. In this paper, we study hypersurfaces that are null with respect to this neutral metric, and in particular we study their geometric properties with respect to the Einstein metric. Firstly, we show that all totally geodesic null hypersurfaces are scalar flat and their existence implies that the Einstein metric in the ambient manifold must be Ricci-flat. Then, we find a necessary condition for the existence of null hypersurface with equal nontrivial principal curvatures, and finally, we give a necessary condition on the ambient scalar curvature, for the existence of null (non-minimal) hypersurfaces that are of constant mean curvature.
Digital health behaviour change interventions in severe mental illness: a systematic review
Authors: Sawyer Chelsea , McKeon Grace , Hassan Lamiece , Onyweaka Henry , Martinez Agulleiro Luis , Guinart Daniel , Torous John , Firth Joseph
Published: September 2023

The use of digital technologies as a method of delivering health behaviour change (HBC) interventions is rapidly increasing across the general population. However, the role in severe mental illness (SMI) remains overlooked. In this study, we aimed to systematically identify and evaluate all of the existing evidence around digital HBC interventions in people with an SMI. A systematic search of online electronic databases was conducted. Data on adherence, feasibility, and outcomes of studies on digital HBC interventions in SMI were extracted. Our combined search identified 2196 titles and abstracts, of which 1934 remained after removing duplicates. Full-text screening was performed for 107 articles, leaving 36 studies to be included. From these, 14 focused on physical activity and/or cardio-metabolic health, 19 focused on smoking cessation, and three concerned other health behaviours. The outcomes measured varied considerably across studies. Although over 90% of studies measuring behavioural changes reported positive changes in behaviour/attitudes, there were too few studies collecting data on mental health to determine effects on psychiatric outcomes. Digital HBC interventions are acceptable to people with an SMI, and could present a promising option for addressing behavioural health in these populations. Feedback indicated that additional human support may be useful for promoting adherence/engagement, and the content of such interventions may benefit from more tailoring to specific needs. While the literature does not yet allow for conclusions regarding efficacy for mental health, the available evidence to date does support their potential to change behaviour across various domains.
The reemergence of the language-of-thought hypothesis: Consequences for the development of the logic of thought
Authors: Cesana-Arlotti Nicolò
Published: September 2023

Quilty-Dunn et al. defended the reemergence of language-of-thought hypothesis (LoTH). My commentary builds up implications for the study of the development of our logical capacities. Empirical support for logically augmented LoT systems calls for the investigation of their logical primitives and developmental origin. Furthermore, Quilty-Dunn et al.'s characterization of LoT helps the quest for the foundation of logic by dissociating logical cognition from natural language.
Incomplete language-of-thought in infancy
Authors: Hochmann Jean-Rémy
Published: September 2023

The view that infants possess a full-fledged propositional language-of-thought (LoT) is appealing, providing a unifying account for infants’ precocious reasoning skills in many domains. However, careful appraisal of empirical evidence suggests that there is still no convincing evidence that infants possess discrete representations of abstract relations, suggesting that infants’ LoT remains incomplete. Parallel arguments hold for perception.
Synthesis and crystal structure of layered molybdate NH4Co2OH(MoO4)2⋅H2O
Authors: Adamski Paweł , Albrecht Aleksander , Moszyński Dariusz
Published: September 2023

A new compound NH4Co2OH(MoO4)2⋅H2O was prepared by precipitation of aqueous solutions of cobalt nitrate and ammonium heptamolybdate at pH = 7.5. The crystal structure was identified by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and Rietveld refinement as a known polymorph of layered molybdates (Φy) with general formula AT2OH(MoO4)2⋅H2O (A = NH4+, Na+, K+ and T = Zn2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+) and refined from a model based on that structure. The lattice parameters were refined with R-3 space group (148) a = 6.1014(2) Å, b = 6.1014(2) Å, c = 21.826(1) Å, α = 90°, β = 90°, and γ = 120°.
Grammatical tone mapping in Ekegusii
Authors: Hyman Larry M. , Nyamwaro Hildah Kemunto
Published: September 2023

A major issue in Bantu morphophonology is how to get the right tones in the right ‘cells’ in the verb paradigm. In many Bantu languages, grammatical tones are assigned to different positions in the verb stem depending on inflectional features of tense, aspect, mood (TAM), polarity and clause type: The same TAM may assign different tones (and different segmental allomorphs) in the affirmative vs. negative and in main vs. relative clauses. Although such ‘melodic tones’ (Odden & Bickmore 2014) are typically restricted to the verb stem (root + suffixes), often also the domain of vowel harmony and other segmental phonology, both the presence and mapping of grammatical tones within the stem cannot be determined without reference to the prefixal inflectional marking of subject, negation, TAM and object which precede the stem. In this article, we discuss three cases in Ekegusii, a Bantu language of Kenya, that require the stem-assigned grammatical tones to look ‘outward’ to morphological and phonological properties of such prefixes: (1) differential mapping according to whether the pre-stem tone-bearing unit is toneless, a derived H(igh) (from H-tone spreading), or underlyingly /H/ (Bickmore 1997, 1999); (2) presence of an object prefix in imperative and subjunctive forms and (3) initial/final tone agreement between the subject prefix and the final vowel of the verb (cf. Rolle & Bickmore (2022). We will show that Ekegusii provides extensive evidence that both the presence of grammatical Hs and their specific mapping, while targeting the stem (root + suffixes), must be ‘globally’ calculated on the basis of the entire morphosyntactic structure of the verb (including features exponed by prefixes).
‘The Hermeneutic Problem of Psychiatry’ and the Co-Production of Meaning in Psychiatric Healthcare
Authors: Spencer Lucienne , Kidd Ian James
Published: September 2023

‘The co-production of meaning’ is a phrase that has become entrenched in the field of public mental health, adopted almost as a slogan within the literature. But what does it actually mean? Current definitions gesture toward the very broad idea that co-production involves a collaboration between ‘service users’ and healthcare professionals, each contributing their knowledge to better understand and treat mental health problems. Yet, terms such as ‘equal’ ‘reciprocal’, and ‘partnership’ fail to clarify the nature of this ‘co-production’, and how it can be achieved.

To better understand the co-production of meaning, we shall attempt to develop an account of co-production through phenomenological psychopathology. Through Hans Georg Gadamer's remarks on ‘the hermeneutic problem of psychiatry’ two key obstacles to ‘co-production’ emerge: 1) contingent problems, and 2) intrinsic problems. In calling attention to these obstacles, we problematise the concept of ‘co-production’ in public mental health, revealing it to be more complex than originally thought. We conclude by arguing that new developments in phenomenological psychopathology can be used to overcome the limitations of ‘co-production’.
Co-Production is Good, but Other Things are Good Too
Authors: Harcourt Edward , Crepaz-Keay David
Published: September 2023

The world of mental health has become used to the notion of co-production as a good thing. While the paper is not a critical analysis of co-production, the authors make the case that while it is a good thing, it is not the only good thing; and it is neither sufficient, nor necessary for good things to happen in mental health services. Alternative concepts of progressive innovation in this field are introduced. Real world case studies (most of them previously unpublished) are then worked through to test which concept(s) – co-production, or the alternatives, or neither – are the better fit, bearing in mind the complex relationships to be negotiated, not just between service users and mental health professionals, but between service users and members of other professions, and of the general public. Finally, the question is raised as to whether there is anything (such as the flattening of hierarchies or stigma reduction) which all these innovations – co-production and the alternatives – have in common.
Solar Observations with ALMA: A New Frontier
Authors: Bastian T. S.
Published: September 2023

Solar observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter-Submillimeter Array (ALMA) became available to the community in late-2016. For the first time, high angular resolution (sub-arcsec) and high-time-resolution (1 s) observations of the Sun became possible at millimeter wavelengths, providing observations of the solar chromosphere that are uniquely complementary to those in O/IR and UV wavelengths. Here, an overview of current ALMA capabilities is provided, selected recent results of ALMA observations of the Sun are highlighted, and future capabilities are outlined.
Solar flare-CME association
Authors: Li Ting
Published: September 2023

We carry out the first statistical study that investigates the flare-coronal mass ejections (CMEs) association rate as function of the flare intensity and the total unsigned magnetic flux (ΦAR) of ARs that produces the flare. Our results show that flares of the same GOES class but originating from an AR of larger ΦAR, are much more likely confined. This implies that ΦAR is a decisive quantity describing the eruptive character of a flare, as it provides a global parameter relating to the strength of the background field confinement. We also calculated the mean twist values α in regions close to the polarity inversion line and proposed a new parameter α / ΦAR to measure the probability for a large flare to be associated with a CME. We find that the new parameter α/ ΦAR is well able to distinguish eruptive flares from confined flares.
How has the solar wind evolved to become what it is today?
Authors: Vidotto A. A.
Published: September 2023

In this contribution, I briefly review the long-term evolution of the solar wind (its mass-loss rate), including the evolution of observed properties that are intimately linked to the solar wind (rotation, magnetism and activity). I also briefly discuss implications of the evolution of the solar wind on the evolving Earth. I argue that studying exoplanetary systems could open up new avenues for progress to be made in our understanding of the evolution of the solar wind.
Automatic Algorithm for Tracking Bipolar Magnetic Regions
Authors: Sreedevi Anu B. , Jha Bibhuti Kumar
Published: September 2023

Properties of bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs), particularly, the tilt angle play critical roles in generating the observed polar magnetic field and its reversal. Hence, a long-term study of BMR over its lifetime is crucial not only to understand the solar dynamo but also to identify the origin of the properties of BMR. In our work, we have developed an automatic algorithm to detect and track the BMRs from the line-of-sight (LOS) magnetograms of Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) for the period of Solar Cycle 23 over its lifetime/disk passage. Here, we present the details of our algorithm and the features of BMR, particularly the tilt angle, magnetic field strength and lifetime.
Photospheric magnetic field variation during solar flares and their implication for the generation of sunquakes
Authors: Vargas Domínguez S. , Caicedo Tez W. , Buitrago Casas J. C.
Published: September 2023

Solar flares are an explosive manifestation of the complex magnetic structuring of active regions in the solar atmosphere. The photospheric magnetic field is found to change rapidly, abruptly, and significantly during flaring events. Previous studies are mainly based on line-of-sight or low-cadence data. In this work, we focus on the temporal and spatial evolution of the permanent changes in the magnetic field of solar flares from high-cadence vector data (135 seconds) of the imaging system (dopplergrams and magnetograms) of the SDO/HMI instrument. The highly energetic events under analysis occurred during the solar cycle 24, covering low and high energy ranges, according to GOES classification. This investigation also stands as a crucial input for the characterization and understanding of sunquakes.
Understanding Weak Impulsive Narrowband Quiet Sun Emissions (WINQSEs)
Authors: Oberoi Divya , Mondal Surajit , Sharma Rohit , Bawaji Shabbir , Alam Ujjaini , Biswas Ayan
Published: September 2023

The confluence of data from the Murchison Widefield Array and an imaging pipeline tailored for spectroscopic snapshot images of the Sun at low radio frequencies have led to enormous improvements in the imaging quality of the Sun. These developments have lowered the detection thresholds by up to two orders of magnitude as compared to earlier studies, and have enabled the discovery of Weak Impulsive Narrowband Quiet Sun Emissions (WINQSEs). Their spatial distribution and various other properties are consistent with being the radio signatures of coronal nanoflares hypothesized by Parker (1988) to explain coronal heating in the quiet Sun emissions. We present the status of the multiple projects we have been pursuing to improve the detection and characterisation of WINQSEs, ranging from looking for them in multiple independent datasets using independent detection techniques to looking for their counter parts to estimate the energy associated with them and understanding their morphologies.
Modeling efforts for multi-mission science
Authors: Sasso C. , Rouillard A. P.
Published: September 2023

The Solar Orbiter spacecraft, launched in February 2020, is equipped with both remote-sensing (RS) and in-situ (IS) instruments to record novel and unprecedented measurements of the solar atmosphere and the inner heliosphere. To take full advantage of these new datasets, we have developed tools and techniques to facilitate multi-instrument and multi-spacecraft studies. In particular the yet inaccessible low solar corona below 2 R⊙ can only be observed remotely and techniques must be used to retrieve coronal plasma properties in time and in 3-D space. These properties are useful to drive numerical models and test the different theories proposed to describe the fundamental processes of the solar atmosphere. In addition, the last decades of research have shown that the coupling between the solar corona and the heliosphere is most efficiently studied by combining RS with IS data. During one of the last Solar Orbiter remote sensing windows (March 2022), planned for the Solar Orbiter instruments, we ran complex observation campaigns to maximize the likelihood of linking IS data to their source region near the Sun, by directing some RS instruments to specific targets on the solar disk just days before data acquisition. We show how it is possible to achieve these results directed to improve our understanding of how heliospheric probes connect magnetically to the solar disk.
A new mechanism for the butterfly diagram of the solar cycle
Authors: Zhang Zebin , Jiang Jie , Zhang Haowei
Published: September 2023

The butterfly diagram of the solar cycle is the equatorward migration of sunspot’s emergence latitudes as the solar cycle evolves, which was attributed to the equatorward flow at the base of the convection zone. However, helioseismological studies indicate controversial forms of the flow, and even present poleward flow at the base, which poses a big challenge to the wide-accepted mechanism. So we aim to propose a new mechanism, that is the latitude-dependent radial flux transport.
Long-term Evolution of Magnetic Field Proxies as Deduced from Archival Data
Authors: Banerjee Dipankar , Jha Bibhuti Kumar , Mandal Sudip , Chatterjee Subhamoy , Hegde Manjunath ,   KoSO Digitization Team
Published: September 2023

Regular observations of the solar magnetic field are available only for about the last five cycles. Thus, to understand the origin of the variation of the solar magnetic field, it is essential to reconstruct the magnetic field for the past cycles, utilizing the proxies of the magnetic field from other data sets. Long-term uniform observations for the past 100 yrs, as recorded at the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KoSO), in multi-wavelengths provide such an opportunity. Various automatic techniques have been developed to extract these features from KoSO data. We analyzed the properties of these extracted features to understand global solar magnetism in the past.
Automatic detection of solar active regions from SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI synoptic magnetograms
Authors: Wang Ruihui , Jiang Jie , Luo Yukun
Published: September 2023

We develop an adaptive method to automatically identify ARs from radial synoptic maps observed by SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI, calibrate the detections between HMI and MDI data based on identified ARs flux and area and further derive a homogeneous dataset including ARs’ area and flux over the last two solar cycles. The data are compared with sunspot number, USAF/NOAA sunspot area, SMARPs and SHARPs and BARD area and flux, which show reasonable agreement. The identified ARs during the overlap period of MDI and HMI have the same areas as a whole while the AR flux based on MDI maps is about 1.36 times as large as that of HMI maps. Based on our dataset, we find strong ARs (|flux| > 1022Mx) contribute most to the difference between cycles 23 and 24 while other ARs (|flux| < 1022Mx) are similar in the two cycles in both area and flux.
Study of the Impact of Coronal Rain on Kink Oscillations of Coronal Loops
Authors: Shrivastav Arpit Kumar , Pant Vaibhav
Published: September 2023

Coronal rain occurs in thermally unstable coronal loops, and comprises cool plasma condensations, falling towards the solar surface, guided by the magnetic field. Sometimes the coronal rain clumps are seen to be subjected to transverse oscillations. The numerical simulations have indicated that coronal rain can onset kink oscillations in coronal loops and can affect the properties of oscillations. In this proceeding, we present the analysis of transverse oscillations in conjunction with coronal rain. Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) is used to examine the characteristics of coronal loop oscillation before and after coronal rain development. The analysis showed that the amplitude and period of oscillations are greater during coronal rain.
Spatio-temporal Characterization of Hot Chromospheric Fibrils
Authors: Lamb Parker , Cauzzi Gianna , Reardon Kevin
Published: September 2023

The exact mechanisms leading to chromospheric heating are still ill-defined. While the presence of magnetic elements is undoubtedly necessary, the details of the heating, and its spatio-temporal distribution remain poorly understood. We contribute to this topic by analyzing the behavior of hot chromospheric fibrils surrounding network and plage elements, identified via the broader Hα profiles observed along their length; the H-α spectral line width has been shown to correlate with the local chromospheric temperatures through comparison with the ALMA millimeter-continuum brightness temperature. We make use of loop tracing and analysis software to investigate characteristics of the chromospheric hot fibrils including their length, number density, and transverse spatial extension in an enhanced network region.
The Aditya-L1 mission of ISRO
Authors: Tripathi Durgesh , Chakrabarty D. , Nandi A. , Raghvendra Prasad B. , Ramaprakash A. N. , Shaji Nigar , Sankarasubramanian K. , Satheesh Thampi R. , Yadav V. K.
Published: September 2023

The Aditya-L1 is the first space-based solar observatory of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). The spacecraft will carry seven payloads providing uninterrupted observations of the Sun from the first Lagrangian point. Aditya-L1 comprises four remote sensing instruments, viz. a coronagraph observing in visible and infrared, a full disk imager in Near Ultra-Violet (NUV), and two full-sun integrated spectrometers in soft X-ray and hard X-ray. In addition, there are three instruments for in-situ measurements, including a magnetometer, to study the magnetic field variations during energetic events. Aditya-L1 is truly a mission for multi-messenger solar astronomy from space that will provide comprehensive observations of the Sun across the electromagnetic spectrum and in-situ measurements in a broad range of energy, including magnetic field measurements at L1.
Vertical Resolution Impacts Explicit Simulation of Deep Convection
Authors: Jenney A. M. , Ferretti S. L. , Pritchard M. S.
Published: September 2023

The aggregation of tropical convection greatly influences the mean‐state of the atmosphere, altering humidity distributions, total atmospheric radiative cooling, and cloud amounts. Although studies have demonstrated the sensitivity of convective aggregation to horizontal resolution and domain size, few studies have explored the impact of vertical resolution on convective aggregation. Here, we investigate the impact of vertical resolution on simulations of deep convection and convective aggregation using the System for Atmospheric Modeling convection resolving model. We analyze simulations of tropical radiative‐convective equilibrium with varying vertical levels (32, 64, 128, and 256) across small (100 km), medium (700 km) and large (1,500 km) domains. We demonstrate that relative humidity and cloud fraction decrease with increasing vertical resolution as a result of reduced turbulent mixing. Vertical resolution also influences the occurrence of, onset time, and equilibrium intensity of aggregated convection, and also appears to affect the sensitivity of convective aggregation to domain size. Understanding how simulated convection aggregates, as well as its simulated sensitivity to model formulation, is critical for making and interpreting future predictions of global climate change.
Validation of the Geostationary Lightning Mapper With a Lightning Mapping Array in Argentina: Implications for Current and Future Spaceborne Lightning Observations
Authors: Lang Timothy J.
Published: September 2023

A validation study of the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) on board the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 16 (GOES‐16) was done using a ground‐based lightning mapping array (LMA) deployed as part of the Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, And Mesoscale/microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations (RELAMPAGO) field campaign in Argentina. GLM detected lightning with 74.6% efficiency over 61 thunderstorm days in December 2018 through April 2019. However, GLM detection efficiency (DE) was negatively correlated (r = −0.49) with LMA flash rate. GLM DE also was negatively correlated with LMA flash altitude (r = −0.24), reflecting the influence of multiple competing trends. GLM DE was positively correlated (r = 0.27) with number of LMA sources in a flash, indicating improved DE for larger flashes. During periods with anomalously electrified storms, GLM DE was reduced to 50.9%. Statistics were found to be sensitive to analysis criteria, but most of the above trends remained consistent regardless of specific criteria. Because the methodology allowed a GLM flash to match more than one LMA flash, actual GLM flash rate was a factor of 2.9 lower than the LMA flash rate, and this ratio grew larger as LMA flash rate increased. A sensitivity study examined the impact of improved DE for smaller flashes; that is, an improved sensor (or algorithm) that was better able to detect and distinguish between separate small lightning flashes. The results showed improved correlation with LMA flash rates, as well as improved ability to identify lightning jumps associated with intensifying convection.
Thermal Evolution of the Lithosphere‐Asthenosphere Boundary Beneath Arc and Its Geodynamic Implications: Depth Variation of Thermal Histories of Mantle Xenoliths From Ichinomegata, Northeast Japan
Authors: Sato Yuto , Ozawa Kazuhito
Published: September 2023

Quantitative reconstruction of thermal history recorded in mantle xenoliths is imperative for understanding the temporal change of thermal state and dynamics of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB). We challenged this problem in the arc settings by examining nine spinel peridotite xenoliths from Ichinomegata maar in the back‐arc side of Northeast Japan Arc. Extensive mineral chemical analyses combined with the derivation depths of the xenoliths revealed a depth‐dependent variation of chemical zoning patterns in olivine and pyroxenes. The depth variation of thermal histories of the Ichinomegata xenoliths was decoded by applying diffusion‐controlled reaction modeling to reproduce the zoning patterns. The decoded thermal events in the order of occurrence are (a) ∼14 million years of cooling causing lithosphere thickening up to ∼55 km depth, (b) subsequent ∼12 thousand years of heating from the underlying asthenosphere resulting in lithosphere thinning up to the depths of ∼40 km, and (c) 1–68 days of heating during xenolith transportation by the host magma. The duration of the lithosphere thickening is consistently explained by the period of the Japan Sea opening. On the other hand, the timescale of the lithosphere thinning is too short to be explained by heat conduction through the ∼15 km thick LAB and requires a more effective heat transportation mechanism such as direct magma injection into the LAB or significant viscosity reduction of the mantle peridotite aided by the pervasive permeable flow of silicate melt.
Evidence of Langmuir Mixing Effects in the Upper Ocean Layer During Tropical Cyclones Using Observations and a Coupled Wave‐Ocean Model
Authors: Zhou Xiaohui , Hara Tetsu , Ginis Isaac , D’Asaro Eric , Reichl Brandon G.
Published: September 2023

Mixing of the ocean beneath tropical cyclones (TC) cools the surface temperature thereby modifying the storm intensity. Modeling studies predict that surface wave forcing through Langmuir turbulence (LT) increases the mixing and cooling and decreases near‐surface vertical velocity shear. However, there are very few quantitative observational validations of these model predictions, and the validation efforts are often limited by uncertainties in the drag coefficient (Cd). We combine EM‐APEX and Lagrangian float measurements of temperature, salinity, velocity, and vertical turbulent kinetic energy (VKE) from five TCs with a coupled ocean‐wave model (Modular Ocean Model 6—WAVEWATCH III) forced by the drag coefficient Cd directly constrained for these storms. On the right‐hand of the storms in the northern hemisphere, where wind and waves are nearly aligned, the measured VKE is consistent with predictions of models including LT and 2–3 times higher than predictions without LT. Similarly, vertical shear in the upper 20 m is small, consistent with predictions of LT models and inconsistent with the large shears predicted by models without LT. On the left‐hand of the storms, where wind and waves are misaligned, the observed VKE and cooling are reduced compared to those on the right‐hand, consistent with the measured decrease in Cd. These results confirm the importance of surface waves for ocean cooling and thus TC intensity, through both Cd and LT effects. However, the model predictions, even with the LT parameterization, underestimate the upper ocean cooling and mixed layer deepening by 20%–30%, suggesting possible deficiency of the existing LT parameterization.
ChatGPT in Hydrology and Earth Sciences: Opportunities, Prospects, and Concerns
Authors: Foroumandi Ehsan , Moradkhani Hamid , Sanchez‐Vila Xavier , Singha Kamini , Castelletti Andrea , Destouni Georgia
Published: September 2023

The emergence of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, has garnered significant attention, particularly in academic and scientific circles. Researchers, scientists, and instructors hold varying perspectives on the advantages and disadvantages of using ChatGPT for research and teaching purposes. ChatGPT will be used by many scientists going forward for creating content and driving scientific progress. This commentary offers a brief explanation of the fundamental principles behind ChatGPT and how it can be applied in the fields of hydrology and other Earth sciences. The article examines the primary applications of this open artificial intelligence tool within these fields, specifically its ability to assist with writing and coding tasks, and highlights both the advantages and concerns associated with using such a model. Moreover, the study brings up some other limitations of the model, and the dangers of potential miss‐uses. Finally, we suggest that the academic community adapts its regulations and policies to harness the potential benefits of LLMs while mitigating its pitfalls, including establishing a structure for utilizing LLMs and presenting clear regulations for their implementation. We also outline some specific steps on how to accomplish this structure.
MRTF-A gain-of-function in mice impairs homeostatic renewal of the intestinal epithelium
Authors: Singh Anurag Kumar , Rai Amrita , Weber Anja , Gericke Martin , Janssen Klaus-Peter , Moser Markus , Posern Guido
Published: September 2023

The actin-regulated transcription factor MRTF-A represents a central relay in mechanotransduction and controls a subset of SRF-dependent target genes. However, gain-of-function studies in vivo are lacking. Here we characterize a conditional MRTF-A transgenic mouse model. While MRTF-A gain-of-function impaired embryonic development, induced expression of constitutively active MRTF-A provoked rapid hepatocyte ballooning and liver failure in adult mice. Specific expression in the intestinal epithelium caused an erosive architectural distortion, villus blunting, cryptal hyperplasia and colonic inflammation, resulting in transient weight loss. Organoids from transgenic mice repeatedly induced in vitro showed impaired self-renewal and defective cryptal compartments. Mechanistically, MRTF-A gain-of-function decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis, but did not induce fibrosis. MRTF-A targets including Acta2 and Pai-1 were induced, whereas markers of stem cells and differentiated cells were reduced. Our results suggest that activated MRTF-A in the intestinal epithelium shifts the balance between proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.
A transcriptional network required for bradyzoite development in Toxoplasma gondii is dispensable for recrudescent disease
Authors: Sokol-Borrelli Sarah L. , Reilly Sarah M. , Holmes Michael J. , Orchanian Stephanie B. , Massmann Mackenzie D. , Sharp Katherine G. , Cabo Leah F. , Alrubaye Hisham S. , Martorelli Di Genova Bruno , Lodoen Melissa B. , Sullivan William J. , Boyle Jon P.
Published: September 2023

Identification of regulators of Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoite development and cyst formation is the most direct way to address the importance of parasite development in long-term persistence and reactivation of this parasite. Here we show that a T. gondii gene (named Regulator of Cystogenesis 1; ROCY1) is sufficient for T. gondii bradyzoite formation in vitro and in vivo. ROCY1 encodes an RNA binding protein that has a preference for 3’ regulatory regions of hundreds of T. gondii transcripts, and its RNA-binding domains are required to mediate bradyzoite development. Female mice infected with ΔROCY1 parasites have reduced (>90%) cyst burden. While viable parasites can be cultivated from brain tissue for up to 6 months post-infection, chronic brain-resident ΔROCY1 parasites have reduced oral infectivity compared to wild type. Despite clear defects in bradyzoite formation and oral infectivity, ΔROCY1 parasites were able to reactivate with similar timing and magnitude as wild type parasites for up to 5 months post-infection. Therefore while ROCY1 is a critical regulator of the bradyzoite developmental pathway, it is not required for parasite reactivation, raising new questions about the persisting life stage responsible for causing recrudescent disease.
Biomimetic single Al-OH site with high acetylcholinesterase-like activity and self-defense ability for neuroprotection
Authors: Xu Weiqing , Cai Xiaoli , Wu Yu , Wen Yating , Su Rina , Zhang Yu , Huang Yuteng , Zheng Qihui , Hu Liuyong , Cui Xiaowen , Zheng Lirong , Zhang Shipeng , Gu Wenling , Song Weiyu , Guo Shaojun , Zhu Chengzhou
Published: September 2023

Neurotoxicity of organophosphate compounds (OPs) can catastrophically cause nervous system injury by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression. Although artificial systems have been developed for indirect neuroprotection, they are limited to dissociating P-O bonds for eliminating OPs. However, these systems have failed to overcome the deactivation of AChE. Herein, we report our finding that Al3+ is engineered onto the nodes of metal–organic framework to synthesize MOF-808-Al with enhanced Lewis acidity. The resultant MOF-808-Al efficiently mimics the catalytic behavior of AChE and has a self-defense ability to break the activity inhibition by OPs. Mechanism investigations elucidate that Al3+ Lewis acid sites with a strong polarization effect unite the highly electronegative –OH groups to form the enzyme-like catalytic center, resulting in superior substrate activation and nucleophilic attack ability with a 2.7-fold activity improvement. The multifunctional MOF-808-Al, which has satisfactory biosafety, is efficient in reducing neurotoxic effects and preventing neuronal tissue damage.