bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Philosophy, Literature, and the Critique of Spatialization
Authors: Brodsky Claudia
Published: August 2016

Try as we might, kant conclusively explains in his “exposition” of “space” in the critique of pure reason's “transcendental Analytic”—the opening section of that inaugural work, in which Kant demonstrates the fundamental, “practical” necessity of its guiding, “theoretical” premises—we cannot imagine, let alone perceive, any external “matter” or object without first representing it to ourselves as occupying space. Objects are individual, distinct, exactly because they are material—whether empirically experienced or merely imagined as such—and the always impure, partly intellectual, partly empirical basis of their apprehension indicates that objects cannot themselves be the basis of their spatial perception by us. A less “philosophically” descriptive, somewhat more contemporary, but certainly contemporarily more recognizable analysis of the same intellectual procedure may be recognized in Marx's upending account of the things we perceive and value as “commodities.” As on Marx's analogous terms, “commodities form the presupposition” of the “circulation” of “values” (that “produces exchange value”) and not the other way around, and thus have “constantly … to be thrown into [circulation] anew from the outside, like fuel into a fire,” so no number and variety of objects or quantity and quality of the general object we call “matter” could ever suffice to account for space, the indispensable basis of their own conception as phenomenal, material objects (Grundrisse 254-55). While Kant deduced that no knowledge, and no possible access to knowledge, would result from the solipsistic wish to make space itself an object of spatial perception—or, for that matter, of pure (immaterial) speculation, that is, the wish to spatialize or idealize a “real,” or nonperceptual, reality of space—Marx deduced, conversely, that, without “standing in any connection to [the] commodities” that “mediate” it, “circulation” itself—the basis of valuation—would “flicker out in indifference,” “d[ying] out with money” or, rather, taking money along with it, destroying the abstracted “economic existence” of this essential while “non-substantial form of wealth” precisely by reducing it to an object “with only its metallic existence left over” (255).
Time Never Lines Up like a Street: Ato Quayson's Oxford Street, Accra
Authors: Adéèkó Adélékè
Published: August 2016

Africanist studies conventionally restrict considerations of space to its physical dimensions. affective representations in literary writing oppose the village to the city, imbuing the village with comprehensible, but rarely historicized, routines. Until disturbed by uninvited and troubling ideas, institutions, and individuals from unknowable distances and places, the village nourishes existential certainty and sustains spiritual balance. In contrast, the corrupting, bewildering city signals instabilities of all kinds, even in the social sciences. Across the disciplines, while organic production and genuinely reciprocal relations dominate in the village, the insatiable city absorbs without giving back and never offers spiritual renewal. The village half of the spatial dyad represents what is truly African, and folklore, or orality in general, holds Africa's romance together. Its schematic character notwithstanding, the predisposition toward construing space as little more than the thin cover of more vital substances that facilitate self-understanding has produced enduring parameters for interpreting African expressive forms. With convivial marketplaces and festivals, evil forests and sacred groves, village squares and humble homesteads, depictions of the village in novels set at the beginning of colonization have fixed, perhaps permanently, perceptions of the African cultural past in reader's imaginations, and efforts to read these narratives have generated useful, axiomatic insights about meanings of traditional, everyday African life and its ritualized calibrations of the movement of time, its reifications of the social compact, and its coded references to the society's cosmic bearings. he African city has not been that fortunate.
Beyond the Palace: Transnational Itineraries of the City in the Arabian Nights
Authors: Horta Paulo Lemos
Published: August 2016

Had shahrazad lived today she might have been on the first boat of middle eastern refugees to europe, posits the theater director Mahmoud al-Hurani in his new play 1001 Titanics. First performed in September 2015 by the Arab Puppet Theatre at the Metro al Madina Theater in Beirut, the play toured in Lebanese refugee camps throughout the fall. In al-Hurani's play Shahrazad tells the tale of a skinny boy named Ahmad, a refugee driven by the fall of rockets from his quaint village to an unnamed Arab metropolis symbolized by the paper cutout of a skyline of high rises. The production relies on silhouette, puppetry, and mime to tell its story. In one climactic scene, two characters play cards over an upturned fan, and when a cutout of a missile drops to the stage their cards are blown into oblivion.
Nesfatin-1 alleviates extrahepatic cholestatic damage of liver in rats
Authors: Solmaz Ali , Gülçiçek Osman Bilgin , Erçetin Candaş , Yiğitbaş Hakan , Yavuz Erkan , Arıcı Sinan , Erzik Can , Zengi Oğuzhan , Demirtürk Pelin , Çelik Atilla , Çelebi Fatih
Published: August 2016

Obstructive jaundice (OJ) can be defined as cessation of bile flow into the small intestine due to benign or malignant changes. Nesfatin-1, recently discovered anorexigenic peptide derived from nucleobindin-2 in hypothalamic nuclei, was shown to have anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. This study is aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of nesfatin-1 on OJ in rats. Twenty-four adult male Wistar-Hannover rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham (n = 8), control (n = 8), and nesfatin (n = 8). After bile duct ligation, the study groups were treated with saline or nesfatin-1, for 10 days. Afterward, blood and liver tissue samples were obtained for biochemical analyses, measurement of cytokines, determination of the oxidative DNA damage, DNA fragmentation, and histopathologic analyses. Alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were decreased after the nesfatin treatment; however, these drops were statistically non-significant compared to control group (p = 0.345, p = 0.114). Malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly in nesfatin group compared to control group (p = 0.032). Decreases in interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels from the liver tissue samples were not statistically significant in nesfatin group compared to control group. The level of oxidative DNA damage was lower in nesfatin group, however this result was not statistically significant (p = 0.75). DNA fragmentation results of all groups were similar. Histopathological examination revealed that there was less neutrophil infiltration, edema, bile duct proliferation, hepatocyte necrosis, basement membrane damage, and parenchymal necrosis in nesfatin compared to control group. The nesfatin-1 treatment could alleviate cholestatic liver damage caused by OJ due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
RESIDUOS SOLIDOS, DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL E BIODIVERSIDADE
Authors: Filho José Querino Tavares , FILHO JOSÉ QUERINO TAVARES , Carvalho Fábia Ribeiro Carvalho de
Published: August 2016

Resumo: Propõe-se o estudo da relação sintomática que existe entre o desenvolvimento sustentável e a preservação da biodiversidade que configuram objetivos explícitos e implícitos da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Considera-se que a valorização dos resíduos sólidos é mecanismo utilizado pela Política em comento, em contrapartida no seu texto as referências à biodiversidade e desenvolvimento sustentável são contraditórias ou insuficientes a respaldar seu caráter ambiental. Objetiva-se analisar de que forma o tratamento dos resíduos sólidos se coaduna com o exercício da sustentabilidade, e seus elementos de complemento, quais sejam a biodiversidade e o desenvolvimento verificando sua dinâmica de atendimento a demandas de ordem econômica. Para esta pesquisa, o método de abordagem a ser utilizado será o método dialético, abordando os aspectos conceituais da biodiversidade e sustentabilidade como diretrizes fundamentais para formulação de políticas de cunho ambiental, utilizando-se ainda de técnicas de pesquisa consistentes na pesquisa bibliográfica, desde publicações avulsas, jornais, revistas, livros e outros. Observou-se que a execução de ações em resíduos não prima pela racionalização dos recursos naturais que obedeça uma lógica de proteção da biodiversidade, e de conduta compatível com as dimensões várias da sustentabilidade, não privilegiando a sustentabilidade ambiental em detrimento do desenvolvimento dito sustentável.
Desatenção, hiperatividade e impulsividade: reflexões críticas sobre o TDAH
Authors: Feldens Dinamara Garcia , Barboza Rafael Santos , Martins Barbara Távora , Fusaro Luana Garcia , Dória Mary Barreto
Published: August 2016

A partir da importância adquirida pelas discussões sobre o transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade (TDAH) na contemporaneidade, este trabalho busca contribuir para que as reflexões acerca do tema não cessem ou se naturalizem. Discute-se, assim, a noção entre corpo, disciplinarização, escola e modos de subjetivação, com ênfase de investigação nas três categorias sintomáticas principais do TDAH: desatenção, hiperatividade e impulsividade. O referencial teórico-metodológico utilizado ampara-se nas relações de saber-poder trabalhadas por Foucault. Considera-se que a função do diagnóstico de TDAH envolve menos uma busca pela autonomia do sujeito frente a seu mal-estar e mais um mecanismo que captura a subjetividade do estudante, diminuindo as possibilidades de diferença no contexto escolar.
Political Agency at the Digital Crossroads?
Authors: Kaun Anne , Kyriakidou Maria , Uldam Julie
Published: August 2016

This thematic issue presents the outcome of the 2015 ECREA Communication and Democracy Section Conference “Political Agency in the Digital Age” that was held at the Copenhagen Business School in Denmark. It problematizes changes in the configurations of political agency in the context of digital media. The articles represent a shift from an exclusive focus on political elites to the interrelation between institutionalised politics and political processes in other societal spheres in the field of media and politics research. Political agency as the main notion of the thematic issue draws attention at the (media) practices through which social actors reproduce, reorganise and challenge politics. At the same time, the issue poses questions about the structures—economic, political and social—that allow for, define and also limit these practices. The contributions gathered here suggest an understanding of agency as constituted through the use of knowledge and resources, themselves embedded within structural contexts; at the same time, agency is transformative of the structures within which it is embedded by making use of knowledge and resources in creative and often radical ways. In that context the development of digital media marks a rupture or critical juncture that allows and requires a rethinking of conditions of political agency. Accordingly the contributions critically scrutinize the role of digital media moving beyond celebratory accounts of democratizing potential of digital media. The rethinking of the grammar of political agency is at the heart of this thematic issue.
Aminotransferase activity in rat blood serum under malignant guerin's carcinoma growth upon treatment with antioxidant drug "GRIN"
Authors: Raetska Ya. , Morgaienko O. , Ischuk T. , Ostapchenko L.
Published: August 2016

The malignant growth of Guerin's carcinoma was shown to induce increase of aminotransferases' enzymatic activities. It was established that introduction of the antioxidant substance "GRIN" led to normalization of aminotransferases' activities in blood serum and also had essential inhibitory effect on the tumor growth.
Usage of chicken embryos for the determination of biological effects caused by asbestos fibers and carbon nanowires
Authors: Zinabadinova S. , Segeda T.
Published: August 2016

The apparent structural link between carbon nanowires and asbestos fibers has generated serious doubts about their safety profile. Until today data on asbestos concerns researches mostly of respiratory system. Therefore we used a chicken embryo because it enables to evaluate the body's reaction to materials on a large number of cell population. The results show that the straight fiber asbestos (amphibole) poses the greatest danger. Also our research demonstrate that carbon nanowires have the potential to behave like amphibole asbestos fibers.
Effects of carbonic materials of various sizes on macroscopic indices of chicken embryogenesis
Authors: Lavrinenko V. , Chaykovskiy Yu.
Published: August 2016

The influence of carbon materials of various sizes on chicken embryos, obtained from the incubation of eggs from the breed High line white was researched. Solution of activated charcoal, nanodiamonds, soot and thermo-activated graphite on biocompatible dextran was injected into the embryos' yolk sack on the third day of incubation and evaluation of their size and condition of the yolk sack wall vessels was held on the sixth, fourteenth and twentieth days of incubation. The eggs from the intact group were incubated within the same conditions but weren't influenced by any external factors. The negative effect of the soot on condition of the yolk sack wall vessels and of the nanodiamonds and thermo-activated graphite on the both indexes of chicken embryogenesis were shown.
Features of calcium signaling in ischemic injury nervous tissue – of neurons in the hippocampus
Authors: Maistrenko A. , Voitenko N.
Published: August 2016

This review describes the features of the systems to ensure the restoration of calcium homeostasis of hippocampal neurons during ischemic injury. High levels of intracellular Ca 2+, glutamate excitotoxicity activity and the formation of free radicals during ischemia are a major damaging factors, leading to further damage to hippocampal neurons. Understanding the mechanisms able to prevent the development of damage today is key for the development of post- and preconditioning neuroprotective strategies.
Comparative study of management of olecranon fractures using tension band wiring technique with cancellous screw and K wires
Authors: H. S. Krishnaprasad , Shivanna Shivanna
Published: August 2016

Background: Olecranon fractures are commonly seen injuries in the emergency room. The surgical management of displaced fractures is open reduction and internal fixation with k-wires and figure of eight tension band wiring. It can also be fixed with intramedullary cancellous screw with tension band wiring. The present study is to compare the results of both the surgical procedures and to assess the merits and demerits.

Methods: This prospective comparative study was carried out from August 2012 to November 2013 in Bapuji Hospital and Chigateri General Hospital attached to J.J.M Medical College, Davangere, India, where among 20 olecranon fractures, ten were treated with Tension band wiring with Kirshner wire and another ten treated with intramedullary cacellous screw with tension band wiring and the results were evaluated and compared.

Results: In our study, most of the cases were type II B fractures according to Colton’s classification. According to Mayo elbow performance score, Excellent  results found  in 8  patients (80%), good in1patient (10%)  and fair in 1 patient (10%) in cancellous screw group and in K wire group, 5 patient (50%) had excellent, 3 patient (30%) had good  and 2 patients (20%) had fair results. No poor result was seen in both groups.

Conclusions: From this study it is concluded that using cancellous screw with tension band wiring for displaced transverse and oblique olecranon fractures gives better clinical results when compared to tension band wiring with K-wire fixation avoiding cost, work time loss and possible complications from hard ware removal.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in psoriasis vulgaris: a cross sectional study from a tertiary care hospital of South-East Rajasthan
Authors: Morgaonkar Manjaree , Kushwaha Ramesh , Gupta Savera , Jain Suresh Kumar , Kulkarni Dattatray V. , Sharma Chandra Prakash
Published: August 2016

Background: Psoriasis, a common skin disorder is now considered as systemic inflammatory disease. Its chronic inflammatory state is thought to predispose patients to metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is a significant predictor of cardiovascular events. The objective of the study is to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in psoriatic patients with only cutaneous involvement and to evaluate the correlation between presence of MetS and psoriasis severity

Methods: We performed hospital based, cross-sectional study on 100 adult patients with psoriasis vulgaris and equi-numbered age and sex matched controls. MetS was diagnosed by revised National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Panel III criteria.

Results: A higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found in psoriasis patients as compared to controls [28 (28%) vs 9 (9%), P value=0.0005].Impaired fasting glucose level, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and abdominal obesity were more prevalent in psoriasis group. No statistically significant difference was found between prevalence of low levels of HDL and presence of metabolic syndrome. Presence of metabolic syndrome was not associated with severity and duration of psoriasis. Female patients with psoriasis were more frequently having metabolic syndrome.
Conclusions: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome is higher in patients with psoriasis irrespective of its duration and severity. This stresses on the need of regular evaluation for the presence of MetS or any of its components in psoriasis patients so as to allow early detection and management.
White Paper: Efficacy of Psychiatric Drugs
Authors: Sparks Jacqueline A.
Published: August 2016

Psychiatric drugs have been a mainstay of treatment for a range of behavioral and emotional problems over the past 6 decades in the United States and around the world. Although their use has skyrocketed, the problems they purport to alleviate have not diminished but, in fact, have increased (Whitaker, 2010a). This article summarizes current evidence for the efficacy of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and stimulants. Findings from meta-analyses, reviews, and major trials do not support widespread use of these drugs.
White Paper: Psychiatric Drugs and Violence
Authors: Ruby Chuck
Published: August 2016

This article expresses the International Society for Ethical Psychology and Psychiatry’s position regarding the link between psychiatric drug use and violence. It first presents a model of human emotion and, in particular, it focuses on the emotion of anger. It notes that anger can be seen as a protective emotion that occurs when another painful emotion is too intense or chronic. Anger serves to provide the person with the power to overcome but may also result in violent behavior if not managed sufficiently. A person’s risk of acting violently depends on several risk factors. Whereas some of the risk factors are historical in nature and, therefore, cannot be changed (e.g., gender, past instances of violence, etc.), 5 factors can be managed to reduce one’s risk. Of these 5, one is the use of mind-altering substances such as alcohol, illicit drugs, and prescription drugs. The results of empirical research are also presented showing the link between psychiatric drug use, its effect on cognition, and the very negative experiences that can lead to anger, and thus, violence. The article concludes by challenging 2 counter positions that (a) only a small percentage of people are negatively affected by psychiatric drugs and (b) the benefits of psychiatric drugs outweigh any risk. It is shown that these two positions are not justified.
Psychiatry as Bullshit
Authors: McLaren Niall
Published: August 2016

Objective: As part of the philosophical project of distinguishing science and nonscience, an ancient concept, bullshit, has recently been redefined and explored. This is not science or does it meet a strict definition of pseudoscience. This article explores the extent to which this concept pervades psychiatry. Conclusion: By even the most charitable interpretation of the concept, the institution of modern psychiatry is replete with bullshit.
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, and the “Invisible Hand”: A Metaphor For Ambiguity-Uncertainty Aversion by Decision Makers
Authors: Brady Michael Emmett
Published: August 2016

Smith’s use of the “Invisible Hand”, as pointed out by Gavin Kennedy, is a metaphor provided for the great percentage of readers of the Wealth of Nations whom Smith realized would not be able to grasp the nature of his argument ,which was about the ambiguity-uncertainty aversion of the majority of 18th century English business men. Gavin Kennedy has pointed out that the term,” Invisible Hand”, had nothing to do with Laissez Faire, free markets ,free trade, Natural liberty, etc. ,for Adam Smith. Smith’s argument is an application of his very advanced decision theory that regarded the standard mathematical laws of the probability calculus as a special case that had only limited applicability in the real world. In general, applications of the mathematical laws of the probability calculus required a complete information set that was rarely satisfied. Smith realized that probability ,nevertheless ,had to be taken into account. Smith advocated an interval valued approach to the use of probability under conditions of uncertainty/ambiguity.

Smith made great use of the concept of uncertainty in the Wealth of Nations. Uncertainty for Smith dealt with the quality of the information base upon which the probabilities were being calculated. Smith generally defined risk in the Wealth of Nations as an inexact and/or indeterminate estimate not based on the mathematical laws of the probability calculus. Risk could be calculated exactly only in conditions where there was a very high quality of evidence over which there were no conflicts and/or disputes of assessment regarding the relevancy of the data.

Smith’s major conclusion in Part IV of the Wealth of Nations is that businessmen are ambiguity and/or uncertainty averse. The quality of the information ,data ,or knowledge upon which the probabilities, which would be interval estimates, is a second factor that is completely independent of the probability estimates themselves. Only in the limiting case ,where the evidence is great , stable, and invariant over time, as in the case of deciding to become a shoemaker, would the probability estimates be point estimates.

Smith completely rejects the ethics and decision theory of Jeremy Bentham, as well as all approaches built on it, such as the Subjectivist ( SEU-Subjective Expected Utility) approaches of Frank Ramsey, Bruno de Finetti, L J Savage , Milton Friedman .and modern Bayesians, such as Patrick Suppes, because these approaches require the decision maker to be able to specify precise, exact numerical probabilities. The specification of such exact probabilities means that there is no uncertainty about the future.
LA ESPIRAL DE LA DIRECCIÓN DE CENTROS EN EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA: DESAFÍOS, EXIGENCIAS Y TENSIONES
Authors: Vázquez-Recio Rosa
Published: August 2016

La dirección de centros se desarrolla en un marco de confluencia no carente de conflictos, ambigüedades, presiones y exigencias, tanto externas (macropolítica) como internas (micropolítica). La dirección se encuentra en la encrucijada de responder a los requerimientos del mercado educativo, y a las necesidades reales de la comunidad educativa, bajo la guía de la equidad y la justicia social. Los centros de Educación Secundaria tienen una casuística (orígenes, niveles de enseñanza, número de unidades, currículum, órganos de coordinación docente) que añade más complejidad a esta encrucijada. La cultura docente dominante en estos centros no se caracteriza por la colaboración y la colegialidad. Por todo ello, si resulta difícil la construcción de una dirección democrática y comunitaria, aún lo es más en el marco institucional y organizativo de los centros de Educación Secundaria en España.
ENSINO MÉDIO E FORMAÇÃO HUMANA: QUANDO A INOVAÇÃO SE APRESENTA COMO RETROCESSO
Authors: Figueiredo Lorene
Published: August 2016

O artigo discute as reformas curriculares em Minas Gerais, alinhado ao programa nacional Ensino Médio Inovador dentro do Pacto Nacional pelo fortalecimento do Ensino Médio, desde 2012. Apresentam-se como a maior alteração no currículo já proposta pelo governo mineiro. Justificam-se pela necessidade de modernizar o ensino e adequá-lo à participação na sociedade do conhecimento. No entanto, identificamos o rebaixamento geral da formação básica e clássica dos alunos das escolas públicas e um processo de diferenciação que se acentua entre os alunos de turnos diferentes. Além disso, o impacto sobre o trabalho docente apresenta-se como a formação no trabalho de um professor de novo tipo, flexível; o trabalho realizar-se-á com o aprofundamento da alienação. As motivações, impactos, alterações e possíveis resultados são igualmente analisados.
VARIASI DOSIS PUPUK KOTORAN AYAM PADA BUDIDAYA CACING RAMBUT (Tubifex sp) (VARIATION OF CHICKEN FECES FERTILIZER FOR TUBIFICIDIAN (Tubifex sp) CULTURE)
Authors: Herliwati Herliwati
Published: August 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas level dosis kotoran ayam terhadap budidaya cacing rambut. Rancangan acak sederhana dengan tiga level dosis kotoran ayam dan tiga ulangan diaplikasikan dalam penelitian ini. Level dosis C (30 g/2.500g) memberikan pertumbuhan terbaik untuk cacing rambut dibandingkan level dosis A (10 g/2.500g) dan level dosis B (20 g/2.500 g).The aim of research is to know the efective level of chicken feces dosage for tubificidian culture.  The simple random sampling on three levels dosage of chichen feces (ratio of chicken feces and soil) with three replication each was used in the research.  The level dosage C (30 g/2500 g) has give  the faster growth of tubificidian compared with level dosage A (10 g/2500 g) and level dosage B (20 g/2500 g).
Implementasi Fatwa DSN-MUI Terhadap Praktik Pembiayaan Murabahah Bank Syariah Mandiri dan Bank Muamalat KCP Ponorogo
Authors: Latif Abdul
Published: August 2016

Abstract: Mura>bah}ah is the flagship product of Bank Syariah Mandiri Branch Office Ponorogo and Bank Muamalat Indonesia Branch Office Ponorogo. Currently, the percentage of mura>bah}ah financing at Bank Syariah Mandiri and Bank Muamalat almost reaches an average of 60% -70% of the total financing. Mura>bah}ah helps customers to finance certain needs. This study examines the financing mechanism of mura>bah}ah at Bank Syariah Mandiri and Bank Muamalat Ponorogo, and how the implementation of the fatwa of the National Sharia Board of Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) on the practice of mura>bah}ah financing. The study concluded that the mura>bah}ah financing at Bank Syariah Mandiri and Bank Muamalat Ponorogo practices the finance of mura>bah{ah bi al-waka>lah or mura>bah{ah by proxy. Therefore, the identity of this transaction becomes unclear and ambiguous between sale and loans. That is because the products offered by the bank are not goods to purchase, but financing limit. As the result, the mura>bah{ah financing in Bank Syariah Mandiri Ponorogo and Bank Muamalat Indonesia Ponorogo are not fully in accordance with the fatwa  of DSN-MUI on mura>bah}ah.

Abstrak: Akad mura>bah{ah menjadi produk unggulan di Bank Syariah Mandiri dan Bank Muamalat KCP Ponorogo. Saat ini prosentase pembiayaan mura>bah{ah di BSM dan Bank Muamalat hampir rata-rata mencapai 60%-70% dari pembiayaan lainnya. Pembiayaan mura>bah{ah ini umumnya bertujuan untuk membantu pembeli dalam pengadaan objek tertentu di mana pembeli tidak memiliki kemampuan keuangan yang cukup untuk melakukan pembiayaan secara tunai. Penelitian ini mengkaji mekanisme pembiayaan mura>bah{ahdi BSM dan BMI KCP Ponorogo, dan bagaimana implementasi fatwa DSN-MUI terhadapa praktik pembiayaan mura>bah}ah. Temuan dalam penelitian ini bahwa, praktik pembiayaan mura>bah{ah di Bank Syariah Mandiri dan Bank Muamalat KCP Ponorogo menggunakan pembiayaan mura>bah{ah bil wakalah{ atau dengan mura>bah{ah yang diwakilkan, sehingga terjadi kerancuan antara jual beli barang atau pinjam meminjam uang. Karena yang disodorkan oleh pihak bank bukan barang tetapi limit pembiayaan, maka pembiayaan mura>bah{ah di BSM dan BMI KCP Ponorogo belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan fatwa DSN-MUI tentang mura>bah}ah.
Tradisi Persenan Bagi Pedagang Pracangan di Pasar Legi Songgolangit Ponorogo Dalam Perspektif Filantropi Islam
Authors: Eko Setyanto Anang Wahyu
Published: August 2016

Abstract: According to economic theory, satisfaction in consuming something effects on the utility. The higher the satisfaction, the higher the utility. Conversely, the lower the satisfaction, then the lower the utility. Such opportunity is commonly used by some traders to make profit, as practiced by pracangan traders (staple goods retailers) of the Songgolangit Market, Ponorogo. They promote or advertise goods or services by promising gifts called persenan (tip) to customers. This study examines the tradition of persenan among pracangan traders of Songgolangit Market Ponorogo in the perspective of Islamic philanthropy. The results of this study indicate that; 1) pracangan traders of Songgolangit Market Ponorogo interpret the persenan as religious charities, i.e., as an expression of gratitude to customers and as a means to strengthen the friendship, 2) persenan in the concept of Islamic philanthropy is a grant which has religious significance and as an effort to maintain customer loyalty in order to increase the sales turnover.

Abstrak: Di dalam teori ekonomi kepuasan seseorang dalam mengkonsumsi suatu barang dinamakan utility atau nilai guna. Kalau kepuasan semakin tinggi, semakin tinggi pula nilai gunanya. Sebaliknya, bila kepuasan semakin rendah, maka semakin rendah pula nilai gunanya. Celah ini dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian pelaku usaha untuk meraup untung. Salah satunya mempromosikan atau mengiklankan barang atau jasa dengan menjajikan berbagai macam hadiah. Salah satunya seperti pedagang pracangan yang berada di Pasar Legi Songgolangit Ponorogo. Pedagang pracangan melakukan praktek pemberian hadiah kepada pelanggan yang sering disebut dengan pemberian persenan. Penelitian ini menelaah tentang Tradisi Persenan Bagi Pedagang Pracangan Di Pasar Legi Songgolangit Ponorogo Dalam perspektif Filantropi Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; 1) Praktik pemberian persenan menurut pedagang pracangan di Pasar Songgolangit Kabupaten Ponorogo memaknai sebagai amal ibadah, dan tradisi yang sudah berjalan yang harus di ikuti, sebagai tanda terimakasih, sebagai alat untuk mempererat silaturahmi, 2) Tradisi persenan yang dilakukan oleh para pedagang pracangan dalam konsep filantropi Islam adalah lebih condong kepada pemberian hibah. selain mempunyai nilai ibadah juga menjadi sarana promosi bagi pedagang pracangan yang bisa menambah loyalitas pembeli dan berkembangnya penjualan produk.
Pentingnya Pemahaman Pustakawan Terhadap Bentuk Komunikasi Ilmiah Pada Profil Google Scholar
Authors: Istiana Purwani
Published: August 2016

Abstrak: Banyaknya karya ilmiah yang sudah dihasilkan seorang penulis, tidak terlepas dari penggunaan karya ilmiah penulis lain. Publikasi yang telah dihasilkan oleh seorang penulis akan menunjukkan produktivitas penulis tersebut. Banyaknya sitasi yang diperoleh oleh sebuah publikasi menunjukkan dampak publikasi tersebut terhadap publikasi yang lain. Dewasa ini Perguruan tinggi dituntut untuk menampilkan performance mereka dalam  hal banyaknya publikasi yang dihasilkan dan juga dampak publikasi yang dihasilkan untuk publikasi yang lain. Mengutip publikasi lain merupakan salah satu bentuk komunikasi ilmiah yang dilakukan oleh penulis atau peneliti. Makalah ini akan memaparkan pemanfaatan profile Google Scholar dalam komunikasi ilmiah dan pentingnya pustakawan memahami salah satu bentuk komunikasi ilmiah tersebut. Profil Google Scholar cukup efektif digunakan oleh institusi perguruan tinggi untuk menampilkan profil dosen sehingga akan semakin visible di dunia akademik online. Penting bagi pustakawan memahami tentang profile Google Scholar dan manfaatnya, sehingga dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam peningkatan kualitas perguruan tinggi.

Abstract: Scientific publication which produced by an author was not far from an other the author. The number of author scientific publication showed author productivity. Publication citation described the impact of the publication to other publication. University have to give their performance in the number of scientific publication which produced and its impact to other publication. Citating wa a form of scientific communication between authors. This paper figured out the usage of Google Scholar Profile in scientific communication and the importance of librarian understanding to one scientific communications. Google Scholar profile wa effective to display university lecturer profile which made it visible. The comprehension librarian of profile Google Scholar gave contribution in university quality improvement.

 
Reducing Drilling Cost by finding Optimal Operational Parameters using Particle Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Self R.. , Atashnezhad A.. , Hareland G..
Published: August 2016

Over the years, oil companies have continually looked for unique ways to advance technology in the drilling industry, with one of the significant achievements being horizontal drilling techniques. Horizontal wells allow for a more extended reach into the reservoir, resulting in more oil being extracted per well, however, these horizontal sections increase drilling distance and ultimately cost. These higher drilling costs increase the need for better optimization methods. Many researchers have analyzed theoretical ROP equations for optimization, though most have only incorporated constant drilling parameters in these equations. Since formation variables change with depth, so should the optimum drilling variables. Therefore, constant parameters waste both time and money, which could be immensely improved with the use of dynamic drilling parameters. The method presented herein, incorporates a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to a rate of penetration (ROP) model in order to minimize the overall cost per foot of the well. This is achieved by allowing the PSO to find the best combination of drilling parameters, downhole weight on bit (DWOB) and revolutions per minute (RPM) of the drill bit, along with optimized pull depth and bit combinations. The application of this algorithm could be applied in a variety of ways including for operating oil and gas companies to plan for new wells or as an artificial intelligence component of a drilling simulator. A long term use could be as an autonomous driller constantly getting information updates and solving real time optimal solutions.
A New Technology That Delivers Long-Term Chemical Treatment During Well Stimulation: Organic Deposits, Inorganic Scales, and Corrosion Control
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sumitra , Akaighe Nelson
Published: August 2016

A new technique of delivering long-lasting treatment for damaging well conditions, such as scales, corrosion, or organic deposits, has been achieved using a novel technology. This new technology involves a viscoelastic, biopolymer-hydrogel as the matrix to incorporate and transport chemicals into the formation. When placed in the fracture length, the porous matrix controls the release of the treatment agent over a long period of time. The system is environmentally safe and cost-effective, and designed to be pumped with stimulation fluids during proppant transport. This technology has proven to provide a more efficient delivery, placement, and long-term protection compared to other existing technologies, where maximum loading of the product is somewhat restricted.

Solid and liquid chemicals can be embedded within this viscoelastic biodegradable polymer-scaffold and placed in the formation during well stimulation without requiring any additional mechanical tools or equipment. The polymeric material is inert in nature and remains unchanged at varied range of pH, temperature, pressure and other wellbore conditions. This crush-resistant matrix can withstand high amount of closure stress and extends the effective treatment life of the inhibition process without causing any adverse effect to the proppant-pack conductivity. Additionally, unlike other existing technologies where the liquid treatment agents are surface-adsorbed resulting in large initial release of the products during placement, this new technology enables the chemicals to be embedded inside the hydrogel. Consequently the release of chemicals is significantly slower resulting in longer lasting well treatment.

The development and efficacy of several products for scale, paraffin, asphaltene, and downhole corrosion control using this new delivery method have been studied in detail. These systems are compatible with all types of stimulation and completion fluids and their additives, and found to be effective in a wide range of downhole conditions. This technology not only provides operational simplicity but also reduces costly well interventions for the operators especially in deepwater or remote locations for long period of time. This paper discusses some of the applications of this new technology and also updates on the recent field trials offshore.
Novel Fiber Optics Lateral Connector Tool for Subsea Intelligent Casing Applications: Results and Relevance for Design
Authors: Stalford H.. , Arambulo V. H.
Published: August 2016

In subsea applications, our Intelligent Casing-Intelligent Formation Telemetry (ICIFT) Systems focus on using fiber optic sensing methods for lifetime monitoring of a well and its reservoir. The production casing and/or formation/cement outside the casing are instrumented with fiber optic cables that require continuity connections with other fiber optic cables that exit the wellhead. Two new technology tools are needed to join two fiber optic cables downhole laterally across an annulus. One is a "lateral" fiber optic (FO) pressure balance oil filled (PBOF) wet-mateable connector. The other tool needed and the one addressed in this articel is one that can align two FO cables with millimeter precision for connection laterally across an annulus. For that purpose, a downhole autonomous robot rendezvous tool is designed that can align two FO cables at a lateral crossover point with millimeter precision; two prototypes are constructed and tested.

The setting of this research is to bring fiber optic cables through the wellhead in the annulus outside the production tubing, down through the production packer, and crossing laterally in the annulus over to the production casing. The autonomous robot rendezvous tool developed with prototypes and tested uses two subassembly designs: a tubing subassembly design and a casing subassembly design. The objective of the autonomous robot rendezvous tool is to align the two subassemblies with millimeter accuracy in two dimensions (i.e., in depth direction and in angular rotational direction). The designs of the two subassemblies are developed for popular subsea 7" OD production tubing and 9 5/8" OD production casing and for a completion fluids-based annulus environment (e.g., brine, water, and diesel). Test results of the two prototypes provide 5 mm "ballpark" accuracy for rendezvous alignment in the depth direction and 2 mm accuracy for rendezvous alignment in the angular direction.

The development of the autonomous robot rendezvous tool is one step in the direction of making the reservoir intelligent outside the production casing via all means of distributive fiber optic sensing methods without the need for power and electronics downhole during the lifetime of well.
Automated Fluid Rheology and ECD Management
Authors: Vajargah Ali Karimi , Sullivan Gregory , Oort Eric van
Published: August 2016

Accurate measurement of drilling fluid rheological properties is essential in order to optimize wellbore construction, and in particular to properly manage hydraulics. It becomes even more crucial during deepwater drilling when a "narrow mud window" is present which may require the use of more advanced drilling technologies such as Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) and Dual Gradient Drilling (DGD). Operating these technologies properly requires the use of sophisticated hydraulic models that require accurate rheological information as input. However, a full mud check with determination of all relevant rheological parameters is usually only carried out once a day, and augmented with one or two partial checks in the 24h period. The results are also highly dependent on the mud engineer carrying out the tests. Such intermittent and unreliable measurements are unfortunately not sufficient to provide the required inputs for "real-time" hydraulic modeling and control. A more practical approach for a continuous, automated monitoring of the drilling fluid properties is therefore called for.

In this paper, we introduce a practical automated approach with minimum maintenance efforts to continuously monitor the drilling fluid rheological parameters at the rig site. The method is based on the pipe viscometer approach rather than the traditional rotational viscometer method. Additional inputs for hydraulic models, such as mud density, transition to turbulent flow (critical Reynolds number), and real-time friction factor for non-Newtonian drilling and completion fluids can also be obtained using a pipe viscometer. A prototype of this equipment was constructed, tested, and fully automated in the lab.

It was tested with several weighted and unweighted mud systems. During the measurement process, the driving pump was ramped up and held intermittently at various flow rates to measure the laminar frictional pressure loss in the pipe section. The data thus obtained was analyzed by software that generated a flow curve and from it derived relevant mud rheological parameters using a suitable rheological model. It also proved possible to extend the test to the turbulent flow regime and obtain the "true" friction factor in real-time for each particular fluid, rather than relying on a limited number of correlations that quite often exhibit inaccurate results, particularly for the Yield Power Law (YPL) fluids. Several successful tests with different mud systems indicate the reliability and robustness of the proposed technique.

We believe that this approach is a major step towards achieving an effective fully automated system for mud rheology measurement, mud maintenance, and real-time management of ECD without any direct human interaction. The simple equipment set up and its fully automated measurement and data analysis processes make it highly suitable for field application. The days when mud engineers were laboriously working rotational viscometers are coming to an end, and the "one-click automated mud check" is becoming a reality.
Free the Fish Safer, Easier and Faster with Even Harder Jar Hits
Authors: Murphy Suzanne , Hall Elizabeth , Gee Ryan , Nicklas Jeffrey , Shipe Jason , Skyles Lane
Published: August 2016

Given the high cost of drilling in any offshore environment, operators require reliable tools that can be utilized safely. Operators also want a tool that can excel in rigorous offshore drilling operations while being user friendly. Reliability of hydraulic drilling jars can improve by adding an internal component to the jar which will release the jar before it reaches its maximum over-pull load. An added benefit of this component is it also makes the tool more user friendly. Concerning safety, the fewer components that are external to the tool, the safer the tool becomes. Specifically, removing the need for an external safety collar eliminates a safety hazard by preventing an overhead object from falling to the rig floor. Finally, excelling in the rigorous offshore environment can come from a jar that is designed to hit harder than ever before.

This paper introduces a hydraulic drilling jar that includes the latest technology related to safety, reliability and strength. Safety aspects of the tool are presented as well as a module internal to the tool that improves its reliability. This module also makes it easier for the driller to operate the jar. The engineering principles that explain why this jar has an improved hitting force are also presented. The paper closes with a section dedicated to field results received from the Gulf of Mexico. A cost savings analysis is also be presented showing how certain features of this jar provide the operator with a more efficient use of rig time.
Performance of shear wall with external reinforcement by CFRP and steel sheets against blast load
Authors: Shirinzadeh M. , Haghollahi A.
Published: August 2016

Increase of terrorist attack in the present time detects necessity of retrofitting of existent structures or design of new structures which can resist blast loads. In this research, a shear concrete wall subjected to explosive load will be analytically investigated. CFRP sheets will be applied for retrofitting the wall, and its performance in strengthening of the wall will be studied. Also a kind of shear composite wall is modeled and analyzed under the blast load. Results are compared, and advantages and disadvantages of these types of walls will be represented. Validation of analytical simulation is done by modeling of two experimental tests and good agreements have been obtained. Results show that pasting every other CFRP layers in vertical manner will increase performance of the wall as well as warping the entire wall by CFRP sheets. External reinforcement by CFRP will significantly improve energy absorption of the wall comparing use of steel sheets. Also, increase of number of layers causes consideration improve in energy damping and negligible effect on wall displacement.
Modal analysis of a rectangular variable cross-section beam with multiple cracks under different temperatures
Authors: Ma Yijiang , Chen Guoping
Published: August 2016

A new method is proposed to calculate natural frequencies of a rectangular variable cross-section beam with multiple cracks under different temperatures. The temperature module is introduced through the elastic modulus, and cracks are modelled by bending springs without mass. Based on the transfer matrix method, the characteristic equation of the cracked beam is derived by the implementation of different boundary conditions. Examples are presented on cantilever beams having different non-uniformity parameters, and the influence of the temperature, the number and geometric parameters of cracks on natural frequencies is also investigated. Compared with results obtained using the Patran FEM method, good agreements are obtained and this analytical method is demonstrated to be feasible.