bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Marine Magnetic Anomalies: A Machine Learning Approach to Advancing the Understanding of Oceanic Crust Formation
Authors: Wu S. , Thoram S. , Sun J. , Sager W. W. , Chen J.
Published: February 2025

Linear magnetic anomalies (LMA), resulting from Earth's magnetic field reversals recorded by seafloor spreading serve as crucial evidence for oceanic crust formation and plate tectonics. Traditionally, LMA analysis relies on visual inspection and manual interpretation, which can be subject to biases due to the complexities of the tectonic history, uneven data coverage, and strong local anomalies associated with seamounts and fracture zones. In this study, we present a Machine learning (ML)‐based framework to identify LMA, determine their orientations and distinguish spatial patterns across oceans. The framework consists of three stages and is semi‐automated, scalable and unbiased. First, a generation network produces artificial yet realistic magnetic anomalies based on user‐specified conditions of linearity and orientation, addressing the scarcity of the labeled training dataset for supervised ML approaches. Second, a characterization network is trained on these generated magnetic anomalies to identify LMA and their orientations. Third, the detected LMA features are clustered into groups based on predicted orientations, revealing underlying spatial patterns, which are directly related to propagating ridges and tectonic activity. The application of this framework to magnetic data from seven areas in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans aligns well with established magnetic lineations and geological features, such as the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, Reykjanes Ridge, Galapagos Spreading Center, Shatsky Rise, Juan de Fuca Ridge and even Easter Microplate and Galapagos hotspot. The proposed framework establishes a solid foundation for future data‐driven marine magnetic analyses and facilitates objective and quantitative geological interpretation, thus offering the potential to enhance our understanding of oceanic crust formation.
Vertical Expansion of Aragonite Undersaturated Waters in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean From 2003 to 2019
Authors: Yamamoto‐Kawai M. , Tsujimoto H. , Zhang Y. , Zimmermann S. , Williams W.
Published: February 2025

The Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean is considered the region of the world's open ocean most susceptible to the Ocean Acidification (OA). This study examines progression of OA in the Canada Basin, focusing on expansion of surface and subsurface aragonite undersaturated waters (USW). Surface USW thickness increased from 0 m in 2003 to 19 ± 2 m in 2019. This change was due to freshening until 2012, and then due to increased uptake of anthropogenic CO2 after 2012. In the subsurface layer, USW thickness increased from 94 ± 6 m in 2003 to 136 ± 11 m in 2019. This change is primarily attributed to OA in upstream shelf regions, driven by increased CO2 uptake and respiration, with some contribution from thickening in the Pacific Winter Water layer. The combined thickening of surface and subsurface USW layers increased the percentage of USW in the 0–250 m water column from 38 ± 3% in 2003 to 62 ± 5% in 2019. Because of the concurrent deepening of the water masses due to the enhanced Beaufort Gyre, the replacement of oversaturated water to USW occurred mostly at the subsurface layer below 190 m. The thickness of the oversaturated layer between surface and subsurface USWs remained almost unchanged. If Beaufort Gyre weakens in the future, it would bring subsurface USW shallower, potentially affecting marine life.
Mechanisms of Intraseasonal Oscillation in Equatorial Surface Currents in the Pacific Ocean Identified by Neural Network Models
Authors: You Jiming , Liang Peng , Yang Lina , Zhang Tianyu , Xie Lingling , Murtugudde Raghu
Published: February 2025

The characteristics and origins of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in surface currents over the equatorial Pacific are yet to be detailed due to the deficiency of observational data. This study constructs the Pacific surface currents along the equator (every 0.25° of longitude) from 1993 to 2017 (at daily intervals) using a feedforward neural network and multiple sea surface variables, showing superior correlations and root mean square errors with in situ measurements. Based on this product, the ISOs explain ∼10%–30% and ∼20%–50% of the zonal and meridional current variance, respectively, exhibiting disparate characteristics in the western and eastern Pacific. The Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) governs the western basin, where the ISOs are more intense during El Niños. Particularly, significant ISOs in zonal currents (−0.25–0.28 m s−1) span nearly the entire basin during EP‐El Niño summers and winters; the intensity becomes even stronger (−0.27–0.32 m s−1) for CP‐El Niño winters, as the MJO convection center thrives throughout the life cycle. The intraseasonal meridional currents, though much weaker, extend eastward up to ∼150°W during EP‐El Niño winters. As for the eastern basin, the ISOs arise primarily from baroclinic instability and propagate westward with the phase speed and the domain being fastest and most widespread for La Niñas and vice versa for El Niños. Both the temperature and salinity effects play an essential role. This study introduces an efficient approach to construct equatorial currents using machine learning, facilitating a deeper diagnosis of the tropical ocean circulation dynamics.
Multi‐Physics Data Assimilation Framework for Remotely Sensed Snowpacks to Improve Water Prediction
Authors: Shrestha Prabhakar , Barros Ana P.
Published: February 2025

Recent advances in remote sensing of snow using Synthetic Aperture Radar have shown the potential for retrievals of Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) at high spatial resolution with good accuracy. These data can be integrated with physically based models to reconstruct spatial heterogeneity and reduce uncertainty in quantifying SWE. In this study, we present a Multi‐Physics Data Assimilation Framework (MPDAF) to improve operational water prediction by assimilating snow measurements/retrievals or microwave data. This framework is demonstrated over Grand Mesa, Colorado during NASA's SnowEx’17 campaign. To illustrate the potential benefit of satellite‐based time‐series of SAR measurements, we investigate the value of data assimilation (DA) with window lengths determined by potential satellite revisit times and anticipated estimation error models. Daily assimilation of integral quantities like snow depth showed dramatic improvement in predicted snow depth, SWE and in vertical profile of snow density. Independent evaluation against pit measurements shows that assimilation of SWE retrievals from airborne SnowSAR backscatter measurements substantially reduced bias in snow depth (from −22% to 0%) and SWE (from −19% to 3%), also recovering spatial heterogeneity not resolved by weather forecasts. Assimilation impacts both snowpack microphysics and the forward simulation of volume backscatter in X and Ku bands with dependence on snow depth changes. The uncertainty in the forward estimates of backscatter is consistent with the synthetic measurement uncertainty based on pit data, thus demonstrating that MPDAF preserves end‐to‐end physical consistency among assimilated retrievals and forward simulations of backscatter measurements critical for operational retrievals.
WNT inhibitor SP5-mediated SERPING1 suppresses lung adenocarcinoma progression via TSC2/mTOR pathway
Authors: Shen Yefeng , Dong Xiaofeng , Li Xujia , Shi Zhiyuan , Shao Tingting , Jiang Junlan , Song Jian
Published: February 2025

The long-term outlook for patients grappling with lung cancer (LC) remains bleak, with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) emerging as the most predominant histological subtype. Our Mendelian randomization (MR) investigation spotlighted that heightened levels of the circulating protein serpin peptidase inhibitor family G1 (SERPING1) substantially mitigated LC risk. The fusion of multi-omics strategies unveiled that SERPING1 exhibited diminished expression in LUAD patients compared to healthy individuals both in tissues and serum, with LUAD individuals showcasing elevated SERPING1 expression demonstrating improved prognoses. Furthermore, SERPING1 expression exhibited a robust correlation with the efficacy of immunotherapy. Through meticulous in vivo and in vitro analyses, we unraveled that SERPING1 impeded the proliferation, migration, invasion and wound healing of LUAD cells via the tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Mechanistically, WNT inhibitor- Specificity Protein (SP5) was delineated as facilitator of SERPING1 transcription by binding to the SERPING1 gene promoter. Intriguingly, aside from the association between SERPING1 and systolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), type I diabetes, no discernible link between SERPING1 overexpression and heightened risks of other cardiometabolic conditions and diseases was evident. In summary, SERPING1 emerges as a novel tumor suppressor gene and SP5/SERPING1/TSC2 is a promising therapeutic target in the context of LUAD.
Type 2 immunity in allergic diseases
Authors: Ogulur Ismail , Mitamura Yasutaka , Yazici Duygu , Pat Yagiz , Ardicli Sena , Li Manru , D’Avino Paolo , Beha Carina , Babayev Huseyn , Zhao Bingjie , Zeyneloglu Can , Giannelli Viscardi Oliva , Ardicli Ozge , Kiykim Ayca , Garcia-Sanchez Asuncion , Lopez Juan-Felipe , Shi Li-li , Yang Minglin , Schneider Stephan R. , Skolnick Stephen , Dhir Raja , Radzikowska Urszula , Kulkarni Abhijeet J. , Imam Manal Bel , Veen Willem van de , Sokolowska Milena , Martin-Fontecha Mar , Palomares Oscar , Nadeau Kari C. , Akdis Mubeccel , Akdis Cezmi A.
Published: February 2025

Significant advancements have been made in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of type 2 immunity in allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), food and drug allergies, and atopic dermatitis (AD). Type 2 immunity has evolved to protect against parasitic diseases and toxins, plays a role in the expulsion of parasites and larvae from inner tissues to the lumen and outside the body, maintains microbe-rich skin and mucosal epithelial barriers and counterbalances the type 1 immune response and its destructive effects. During the development of a type 2 immune response, an innate immune response initiates starting from epithelial cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including dendritic cells and macrophages, and translates to adaptive T and B-cell immunity, particularly IgE antibody production. Eosinophils, mast cells and basophils have effects on effector functions. Cytokines from ILC2s and CD4+ helper type 2 (Th2) cells, CD8 + T cells, and NK-T cells, along with myeloid cells, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13, initiate and sustain allergic inflammation via T cell cells, eosinophils, and ILC2s; promote IgE class switching; and open the epithelial barrier. Epithelial cell activation, alarmin release and barrier dysfunction are key in the development of not only allergic diseases but also many other systemic diseases. Recent biologics targeting the pathways and effector functions of IL4/IL13, IL-5, and IgE have shown promising results for almost all ages, although some patients with severe allergic diseases do not respond to these therapies, highlighting the unmet need for a more detailed and personalized approach.
Intersensory attention deficits in schizophrenia relate to ongoing sensorimotor beta oscillations
Authors: Moran James Kenneth , Senkowski Daniel
Published: February 2025

This study tested whether intersensory attention deficits in people with schizophrenia (SZ) relate to aberrant ongoing oscillations in sensory cortices. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded while individuals with schizophrenia (N = 27) and healthy controls (HC; N = 27) performed a visual-tactile target detection task. Ongoing alpha (8–12 Hz) and lower beta (13–20 Hz) band oscillations in visual and sensorimotor cortices were examined. Behavioral data suggested an intersensory attention deficit in patients. EEG data revealed stronger alpha-band oscillations for tactile vs. visual attention conditions in the visual cortex of both study groups. In the sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the tactile stimulation site, patients showed an additional intersensory attention effect in ongoing beta-band oscillations, which was negatively related to cognitive and positive symptoms of the PANSS. Our findings extend previous results from unisensory attention research and suggest that deficits in intersensory attention and alterations in sensorimotor beta oscillations are related to schizophrenia symptomatology.
Redox-active inverse crowns for small molecule activation
Authors: Maurer Johannes , Klerner Lukas , Mai Jonathan , Stecher Hannah , Thum Stefan , Morasch Michael , Langer Jens , Harder Sjoerd
Published: February 2025

Cyclic crown ethers bind metal cations to form host–guest complexes. Lesser-known inverse crowns are rings of metal cations that encapsulate anionic entities, enabling multiple deprotonation reactions, often with unusual selectivity. Self-assembly of a cycle of metal cations around the multiply charged carbanion during the deprotonation reaction is the driving force for this reactivity. Here we report the synthesis of a pre-assembled inverse crown featuring Na+ cations and a redox-active Mg0 centre. Reduction of N2O followed by N2 release and subsequent encapsulation of O2
− demonstrates its reduce-and-capture functionality. Calculations reveal that this essentially barrier-free process involves a rare N2O2
− dianion, embedded in the metalla-cycle. The inverse crown can adapt itself for binding larger anions like N2O2
2
− through a self-reorganization process involving ring expansion. The redox-active inverse crown combines the advantages of a strong reducing agent with anion stabilizing properties provided by the ring of metal cations, leading to high reactivity and selectivity.
Pressure-enhanced splitting of density wave transitions in La3Ni2O7–δ
Authors: Khasanov Rustem , Hicken Thomas J. , Gawryluk Dariusz J. , Sazgari Vahid , Plokhikh Igor , Sorel Loïc Pierre , Bartkowiak Marek , Bötzel Steffen , Lechermann Frank , Eremin Ilya M. , Luetkens Hubertus , Guguchia Zurab
Published: February 2025

The observation of superconductivity in La3Ni2O7–δ
under pressure, following the suppression of a high-temperature density wave state, has attracted considerable attention. The nature of this density wave order was not clearly identified. Here we probe the magnetic response of the zero-pressure phase of La3Ni2O7–δ
as hydrostatic pressure is applied, and find that the apparent single density wave transition at zero applied pressure splits into two. The comparison of our muon-spin rotation and relaxation experiments with dipole-field numerical analysis reveals the magnetic structure’s compatibility with a stripe-type arrangement of Ni moments, characterized by alternating lines of magnetic moments and non-magnetic stripes at ambient pressure. When pressure is applied, the magnetic ordering temperature increases, whereas the unidentified density wave transition temperature falls. Our findings reveal that the ground state of the La3Ni2O7–δ
system is characterized by the coexistence of two distinct orders—a magnetically ordered spin density wave and a lower-temperature ordering that is most probably a charge density wave—with a notable pressure-enhanced separation between them.
MARBLE: interpretable representations of neural population dynamics using geometric deep learning
Authors: Gosztolai Adam , Peach Robert L. , Arnaudon Alexis , Barahona Mauricio , Vandergheynst Pierre
Published: February 2025

The dynamics of neuron populations commonly evolve on low-dimensional manifolds. Thus, we need methods that learn the dynamical processes over neural manifolds to infer interpretable and consistent latent representations. We introduce a representation learning method, MARBLE, which decomposes on-manifold dynamics into local flow fields and maps them into a common latent space using unsupervised geometric deep learning. In simulated nonlinear dynamical systems, recurrent neural networks and experimental single-neuron recordings from primates and rodents, we discover emergent low-dimensional latent representations that parametrize high-dimensional neural dynamics during gain modulation, decision-making and changes in the internal state. These representations are consistent across neural networks and animals, enabling the robust comparison of cognitive computations. Extensive benchmarking demonstrates state-of-the-art within- and across-animal decoding accuracy of MARBLE compared to current representation learning approaches, with minimal user input. Our results suggest that a manifold structure provides a powerful inductive bias to develop decoding algorithms and assimilate data across experiments.
Role of rich phenolics and betanin profiles from Opuntia ficus-indica fruits in the prevention of diabetic complications using metabolomics study
Authors: Mohammed Mona A. , El-Gengaihi Souad E. , Maklad Yousreya A. , Shabana Marwa E. , Naeim Attia Hanan
Published: February 2025

Opuntia ficus-indica red fruit (OFI-RF) is a member of the Cactaceae family and native to South America. Phytochemical evaluation of the plant has revealed variable bioactive components; therefore, this study explored the medicinal value of butanol (BE) and ethylacetate extracts (EE) by evaluating their antidiabetic, antioxidant and antihypercholesterolemic properties. Selected solvents were used for phytochemical extraction according to established protocols, and then pharmacological effects of phenolic and betanin-rich extracts were evaluated. Results indicated that butanol was the most effective solvent for extracting polyphenolics followed by ethyl acetate, yielding: 148.91 ± 0.95 and 110.96 ± 0.61 μg/g, respectively. Identification analysis of OFI-RF using UPLC/HESI-MS/MS revealed a diverse range of 101 metabolites, including polyphenolics (phenolic acids, phenolic glycosides, flavanols, flavanonols, flavonoids and biflavonoids), alkaloids, pyridine, betalains, coumarins, vitamins, fatty acids and other therapeutic compounds. Biological studies (in vitro and in vivo) demonstrated that both EE and BE exhibited significant antidiabetic, antioxidant and antihypercholestremic activities. These findings were further supported via histopathological examination.
First experience in employing a complex digital support system accompanied by personal assistance to improve aftercare in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack – results of the PostStroke-Manager feasibility study
Authors: Michalski Dominik , Classen Joseph , Geisler Daniela , Urban Daniela , Schreiber Max , Tylcz Jean-Baptiste , Schmidt Richard , Prost Alexander , Handel Till , Schneider Andreas , Lippmann Stefan , Bleckwenn Markus , Ivanova Galina
Published: February 2025

Stroke aftercare is widely acknowledged as crucial yet challenging. Digital tools offer a promising strategy to improve aftercare and, thus, patients’ quality of life. However, it has not yet been investigated whether digital tools addressing different aspects of aftercare at the same time can be utilized in stroke patients. This study was intended to gain first experience in employing a complex patient-centered digital support system (i.e., the PostStroke-Manager) in individuals with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and thus examined its feasibility accompanied by personal assistance. This cohort study was carried out to enroll patients with stroke or TIA. Digital support was realized through an application installed on a tablet, a smartwatch, and a blood pressure monitor. Trained nurses, referred to as stroke pilots, provided personal assistance. After 6 or 12 months, patients were asked to evaluate the concept with digital and personal support as a whole and concerning single components of the program for individually experienced beneficial effects. Additional descriptive analyses comprised temporal courses of stroke-related impairments, quality of life, anxiety, depression, adherence, empowerment, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and HbA1c levels. Between January 2022 and December 2022, 815 patients were screened, and 43 were included in the study, of whom 36 completed follow-up assessments. The study met its predefined feasibility criterion, with at least 50% of program components receiving positive ratings from at least 75% of patients. The digital system as a whole (77.8%), personal assistance (75.0%), and interactions with stroke pilots (77.8%) received particularly positive ratings. Additionally, aspects such as vital sign monitoring, platforms for communication and medical records were rated positively. Longitudinal analyses revealed improvements in patients’ impairments, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol levels, while most psychometric measurements remained stable. These findings indicate the feasibility of employing complex digital support systems for patient-centered aftercare in selected individuals with stroke or TIA. The challenge remains in extending benefits to those patients with more severe neurological impairments, highlighting the necessity for ongoing advancement in this field.
Surrogate sensitivity analysis of facet optical coatings produced without and with in situ design reoptimization
Authors: Poitras Daniel , Ma Penghui
Published: February 2025

Optoelectronic and photonic waveguide-based devices often require the control of the exit/entrance facet reflectance to a high degree of precision on a relatively large wavelength range. Fabricating facet optical coatings for that purpose can be challenging due to thickness errors. In this work, a surrogate approach, the polynomial chaos expansion method, is used to evaluate the robustness of optical coating designs to experimental errors, and the Sobol’ sensitivity indices of their individual layers. The effect of a fabrication strategy involving successive in-situ design re-optimizations after completion of each individual layer deposition is simulated and shown to reduce significantly the detrimental effect of thickness errors on the yield and performance of coatings.
Exploring rural middle school music teachers’ classroom interaction decision-making levels: A student’s perspective
Authors: Xue Chulan , Hou Zongchen , Ma Ruicong
Published: February 2025

This study explores students’ perceptions of rural middle school music teachers’ decision-making levels in the context of classroom interactions. Using a questionnaire survey of 246 students from a rural public middle school and follow-up interviews, we investigate students’ overall perceptions and examine differences among students of different genders, grades, and music study experiences. The results indicate that students generally perceive teachers’ decision-making levels to be slightly above average, with no significant differences between male and female students or among different grade levels in their perceptions of teacher decision-making levels. However, students with and without music study experience differ significantly in their perceptions of teacher decision-making levels. The qualitative insights gathered from the student interviews complement the quantitative findings, providing a deeper understanding of students’ perspectives on teacher decision-making in rural music education. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for enhancing the educational practices of teachers and explores effective teaching strategies in rural environments.
Local weakening of cell-extracellular matrix adhesion triggers basal epithelial tissue folding
Authors: Valencia-Expósito Andrea , Khalilgharibi Nargess , Martínez-Abarca Millán Ana , Mao Yanlan , Martín-Bermudo María D
Published: February 2025

During development, epithelial sheets sculpt organs by folding, either apically or basally, into complex 3D structures. Given the presence of actomyosin networks and cell adhesion sites on both sides of cells, a common machinery mediating apical and basal epithelial tissue folding has been proposed. However, unlike for apical folding, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate epithelial folding towards the basal side. Here, using the Drosophila wing imaginal disc and combining genetic perturbations and computational modeling, we demonstrate opposing roles for cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion systems during epithelial folding. While cadherin-mediated adhesion, linked to actomyosin network, regulates apical folding, a localized reduction on integrin-dependent adhesion, followed by changes in cell shape and reorganization of the basal actomyosin cytoskeleton and E-Cadherin (E-Cad) levels, is necessary and sufficient to trigger basal folding. These results suggest that modulation of the cell mechanical landscape through the crosstalk between integrins and cadherins is essential for correct epithelial folding.
Selective hydrogenation of nitrocyclohexane to cyclohexanone oxime over a Cu12Ag17(SR)12(PPh3)4 cluster catalyst
Authors: Lu Jinzhi , Yao Danyun , Tang Shisi , Cai Xiao , Ding Weiping , Zhu Yan
Published: February 2025

Here we report an atomically precise Cu12Ag17(SR)12(PPh3)4 cluster catalyst that can exhibit a high selectivity of cyclohexanone oxime in nitrocyclohexane hydrogenation, due to the unique synergy in the bimetallic cluster.
Carotenoid radical formation after multi-photon excitation of 8′-apo-β-carotenal
Authors: Šebelík Václav , Kuznetsova Valentyna , Šímová Ivana , Polívka Tomáš
Published: February 2025

Excitation of 8′-apo-β-carotenal by 1300 nm ultrashort pulses leads to a four-photon excitation of a dark state, which is a precursor of carotenoid radical formation in a polar solvent.
Anisotropic initial reaction mechanism and sensitivity characterization of the host–guest structure CL-20/H2O2 under shock loading
Authors: Sha Yu , Zhang Xiaobing
Published: February 2025

The inclusion of H2O2 strengthens molecular interactions and enhances energy localization, which underscores the critical role of host–guest interactions in governing anisotropic decomposition and sensitivity in energetic materials.
Unveiling the promising in vitro anticancer activity of lipophilic platinum(ii) complexes containing (1S,4R,5R)-4-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-((S)-1-phenylethyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane: a spectroscopic characterization and DFT calculation
Authors: Kaszuba Adriana , Sitkowski Jerzy , Muzioł Tadeusz , Pokrzywka Karolina , Kaźmierski Łukasz , Maj Małgorzata , Steppeler Franz , Wojaczyńska Elżbieta , Hoffmann Marcin , Łakomska Iwona
Published: February 2025

The main goal of our research was to examine (1S,4R,5R)-4-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-((S)-1-phenylethyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (L) and its complex-forming abilities with platinum(ii) ions. We studied those complexes as potential anticancer prodrugs.
Redox, spectroscopic and magnetic properties of C3-symmetric rare earth complexes featuring atypical ortho-dioxolene binding
Authors: Bagio Stanley , González Jonay , Gable Robert W. , Hall Christopher R. , Boskovic Colette , Giansiracusa Marcus J.
Published: February 2025

Atypical ortho-dioxolene monodentate monoprotonated complexes (Y, Sm-Lu) with C3-point symmetry were synthesised and their SMM, electrochemical, and luminescence properties were investigated.
Four noncentrosymmetric molybdophosphates discovered by a chemical substitution strategy
Authors: Gao Zhixia , Li Ke , Du Hong , Baiheti Tuohetijiang
Published: February 2025

Four new molybdophosphates, AxB4−xMo5P2O22 (A = Na, K, B = Rb, Cs), were successfully synthesized by chemical substitution strategy. All compounds crystallize in the C2221 space group and contain an unusual onedimensional chain ∞[Mo5P2O22]4−.
Damp-heat stable and efficient perovskite solar cells and mini-modules with a tBP-free hole-transporting layer
Authors: Shin Yun Seop , Lee Jaehwi , Lee Dong Gyu , Song Ji Won , Seo Jongdeuk , Roe Jina , Sung Min Jung , Park Sujung , Shin Gwang Yong , Yeop Jiwoo , Lee Dongmin , Yoon Chang Hyeon , Kim Minseong , Son Jung Geon , Kim Gi-Hwan , Cho Shinuk , Kim Jin Young , Lee Tae Kyung , Kim Dong Suk
Published: February 2025

The EC electrolyte, replacing tBP, enables LiTFSI dissolution and generates p-doped radicals. It achieves a peak efficiency of 25.56% for PSCs, expanding the viability of large-area PSMs and enhancing long-term stability under damp-heat conditions.
Sustainable construction of value-added naphthoquinones for pharmaceuticals
Authors: Rath Sibani , Lamba Pinki , Sravan Kumar Reddy P. , Krishna Anugam V. , Ramachary Dhevalapally B.
Published: February 2025

We developed hydrodehydroxylation strategy in which 3-alkyllawsones were treated with aqueous HI in acetic acid under microwave irradiation for a few minutes to produce 1,2-naphthoquinones, which are part of many natural products and drugs.
NIMTE’s rising young scientists: celebrating 20 years of Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Authors: Lu Zhiyi , Chen Tao , Wang Liping
Published: February 2025

Highlighting the rising stars who have contributed their latest work to this collection celebrating the 20th anniversary of NIMTE.
Efficient construction of S-scheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Xiao Qian , Yang Xueying , Fan Linlin , Liu Yafeng , Wen Bo , Guo Xin
Published: February 2025

A simple method was used to construct CdS/CoCo-PBA composite catalyst. The staggered band structure allows electrons to flow between CdS and CoCo-PBA in an S-Scheme heterojunction to increase H2 production.
Inhibitory effects on smooth muscle cell adhesion and proliferation due to oscillating electric fields by nanogenerators
Authors: Pedraza Zulmari Silva , Pan Fengdan , Chen Pengfei , Melendez Rosario Steven , Wu Grace , Wang Derui , Kim Jooyong , Yang Qianfan , Liu Bo , Wang Xudong
Published: February 2025

This inhibitory effect was attributed to the EF-induced surface charge oscillation, which weakened the electrostatic interaction between the cell membrane and substrate.
Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia by graphene-supported Au4Cu2 and Au2Ag2 nanoclusters
Authors: Shehzad Aamir , Yi Qiuhao , Cui Chaonan , Luo Zhixun
Published: February 2025

We synthesized Au2Ag2(PPh3)2(PhCC)4 and Au4Cu2(PPh3)4(PhCC)6 nanoclusters and found that graphene-supported Au4Cu2 NCs exhibit superior ENRR performance compared to other supported or unsupported systems.
UN@C2(13)-C84: a diatomic cluster with a UN triple bond inside a C84 fullerene cage
Authors: Meng Qingyu , Roselló Yannick , Shen Yi , Yao Yang-Rong , Poblet Josep M. , Rodríguez-Fortea Antonio , Chen Ning
Published: February 2025

A novel monometallic nitride cluster fullerene, UN@C84, with a UN triple bond located on the C2 axis.
Dual-state emission of pyrazolyl-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-ones via excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT): multicomponent synthesis and optical characterization
Authors: Flores-Reyes Julio C. , Amador-Sánchez Yoarhy A. , Valderrama-Celestino Alejandro , Barrios-Campos Bertha D. , Peralta Ricardo A. , Huxley Michael T. , Ibarra Ilich A. , Islas-Jácome Alejandro , Solis-Ibarra Diego , González-Zamora Eduardo
Published: February 2025

The dual-state emission (DSE) phenomenon allows DSEgens to exhibit luminescence in both solution and solid states. This study presents the first isocyanide-based multicomponent synthesis of six ESIPT-active DSEgens with robust solid-state emission.
Wettability modification of a nano-silica/fluoro surfactant composite system for reducing the damage of water blocking in tight sandstone reservoirs
Authors: Chen Cen , Zhuo Seqiang , Li Songze , Yin Nanxin , Luo Chao , Ren Hong , Jia Min , Wang Xinyue , Cheng Qun
Published: February 2025

A composite system of fluorinated surfactant and nano-silica can improve hydrophilicity and reduce the liquid phase trapping damage.
Hierarchical P-ZSM-5 zeolites in situ synthesized using home-made asymmetric quaternary phosphonium for the methanol-to-propylene reaction
Authors: Ren Yonglin , Zhang Yimin , Xu Xinyu , He Binbin , Zu Yun
Published: February 2025

This work reports on the synthesis of hierarchical P-ZSM-5 zeolites through a one-step process utilizing asymmetric tributyl-(R)-phosphonium hydroxides, which exhibits appreciable propylene selectivity and catalytic lifetime in the MTP reaction.
Robust protein–ligand interaction modeling through integrating physical laws and geometric knowledge for absolute binding free energy calculation
Authors: Su Qun , Wang Jike , Gou Qiaolin , Hu Renling , Jiang Linlong , Zhang Hui , Wang Tianyue , Liu Yifei , Shen Chao , Kang Yu , Hsieh Chang-Yu , Hou Tingjun
Published: February 2025

Robust protein–ligand interaction modeling through integrating physical laws and geometric knowledge for absolute binding free energy calculation.
Metal–organic layer delivers 3-bromopyruvate to mitochondria for metabolic regulation and cancer radio-immunotherapy
Authors: Bian Wangqing , Jiang Xiaomin , Li Jinhong , Tillman Langston , Wang Chaoyu , Zhen Wenyao , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Fromme Tobias , Lin Wenbin
Published: February 2025

We design a mitochondria-targeted, BP-loaded nanoscale MOL for metabolic reprogramming and radiosensitization, disrupting energy production and hypoxia to suppress tumor growth and prevent metastasis by enhancing radiotherapy and antitumor immunity.
Accelerating the industrial transition with safe-and-sustainable-by-design (SSbD)
Authors: Soeteman-Hernández Lya G. , Tickner Joel A. , Dierckx Ann , Kümmerer Klaus , Apel Christina , Strömberg Emma
Published: February 2025

Safe-and-sustainable-by-design (SSbD) is a pre-market approach that integrates innovation with safety and sustainability along the entire life cycle.
Single-ion-conducting polymer electrolytes based upon borate-chain step-growth polymers
Authors: Van Vliet Megan M. , Wunder Stephanie L. , Zdilla Michael J.
Published: February 2025

The preparation of saturated anionic organoborate-based polymers as single-ion-conducting solid electrolytes is described. The weakly basic or absent lone pairs prevent strong binding to lithium ions, limiting affinity for the matrix.
Characterization of densification behavior and mechanical properties of solid electrolyte powders for all solid-state batteries
Authors: Lee Seung-Yong , Han Ji-Hoon , Gong Hyun-Woo , Ahn Jae-pyoung , Yi Kyung-Woo , Cho Young Whan
Published: February 2025

BH4-substituted argyrodite solid electrolytes are mechanically softer and achieve near-theoretical density at lower pressures and room temperature compared to Cl- or Br-substituted counterparts, which is consistent with nanoindentation test results.
Magnetic proximity effect in biphenylene monolayer from first-principles
Authors: López-Alcalá Diego , Baldoví José J.
Published: February 2025

The magnetic proximity effect in the recently synthesized 2D carbon allotrope, biphenylene network (BPN), is explored through first-principles calculations, revealing a robust proximity-induced spin polarization in BPN without chemical modifications.
Anion transport in biologically relevant lipid mixtures
Authors: Maslowska-Jarzyna Krystyna , Rooijmans Sarah , McNaughton Daniel A. , Ryder William G. , York Edward , Tromp Moniek , Gale Philip A.
Published: February 2025

A potent squaramide-based anion transporter was used to evaluate how vesicles prepared with tailored lipid compositions, which mimic organelle membranes, can impact transmembrane transport.
Correction: Macrocyclic peptides as inhibitors of WDR5–lncRNA interactions
Authors: Chang Jen-Yao , Neugebauer Cora , Schmeing Stefan , Amrahova Gulshan , ‘t Hart Peter
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Macrocyclic peptides as inhibitors of WDR5–lncRNA interactions’ by Jen-Yao Chang et al., Chem. Commun., 2023, 59, 10656–10659, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CC03221C.
Synergistic effect of built-in and polarized electric fields in BiFeO3/BiOI heterojunctions for efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Bai Jiangwen , Li Jiamin , Xiang Jinmeng , Guo Chongfeng
Published: February 2025

The photocatalytic performance of BiFeO3 was improved through the construction of the BiFeO3/BiOI heterojunction.
Sacrificial template synthesis of a 3D flower-like Sn-doped BiOCl hierarchical structure with enhanced performance for degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride
Authors: Long Shimin , Wang Wenguang , Wu Liangpeng , Zhou Wentao , Hong Chuangbin , Lin Yingxian , Jing Chenyi , Luo Wen
Published: February 2025

The 3D flower-like Sn-doped BiOCl hierarchical structure was successfully prepared using SnS2 nanoflowers as sacrificial templates, which exhibited excellent performance for degradation of TCH under visible light irradiation.
Ultra-uniform interfacial matrix via high-temperature thermal shock for long-cycle stability cathodes of sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Zekun , Huang Pengfei , Zhang Jinfeng , Guo Zhaoxin , Liu Zhedong , Chen Li , Zhang Jingchao , Luo Jiawei , Tao Xiansen , Miao Zhikai , Jiang Haoran , Wang Chunying , Ye Xinran , Wu Xiaona , Liu Wei-Di , Liu Rui , Chen Yanan , Hu Wenbin
Published: February 2025

We developed an innovative high-temperature shock (HTS) technique to synthesize uniformly coated materials, resulting in enhanced surface structures, improved cycling stability, and pouch cells retaining over 70% capacity after 700 cycles.
Impact of isomeric ligands on molecular stacking and semiconducting behavior in square planar Ni(ii) complexes
Authors: Jana Narayan Ch. , Das Mainak , Brandão Paula , Ortega-Castro Joaquín , Frontera Antonio , Ray Partha Pratim , Panja Anangamohan
Published: February 2025

We explore here the impact of isomeric ligands on the structural and electronic properties of square-planar nickel(ii) complexes with salen-type Schiff base ligands.
Heavy atom engineering of Ru(ii) complex based sonosensitizers for enhancing antifungal therapy
Authors: Li Qian , Pang Yida , Mei Longcan , Liang Shiming , Wang Huiling , Jiao Yujia , Qiu Sheng , Chen Hui , Xing Xiwen , Sun Yao
Published: February 2025

Heavy atom engineering of Ru(ii) complex based sonosensitizers for in vitro and in vivo antifungal therapy.
Selective hydrophosphorylation of alkynes for the synthesis of (E)-vinylphosphonates
Authors: Kaboudin Babak , Esfandiari Hesam , Arshadi Nematollah , Fukaya Haruhiko
Published: February 2025

Hydrophosphorylation of alkynes with dialkylphosphites was investigated under commercially available copper chloride catalyst in the presence of ethylene diamine as an efficient ligand.
Correction: Photocatalytic CO2 reduction to methanol integrated with the oxidative coupling of thiols for S–X (X = S, C) bond formation over an Fe3O4/BiVO4 composite
Authors: Saini Nitish , Saini Sandhya , Majumder Santanu , Campbell Kyra Sedransk , Jain Suman L.
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Photocatalytic CO2 reduction to methanol integrated with the oxidative coupling of thiols for S–X (X = S, C) bond formation over an Fe3O4/BiVO4 composite’ by Nitish Saini et al., Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2024, 8, 1750–1760, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SE01651J.
Flexible organic crystal-quantum dot hybrids with adjustable waveguides
Authors: Yang Xuesong , Gao Boyang , Liu Yi , Tang Baolei , Zhang Hao , Zhang Hongyu
Published: February 2025

Organic crystals integrate multicolor emissions from semiconductor quantum dots via a modular assembly approach. This modular strategy merges the advantages of quantum dots and organic crystals for versatile photonics.
Diode Laser‐Based Generation of Mode‐Locked Pulses at 1067 Nm (290 fs, 69 W Peak Power)
Authors: Haas Paul , Surkamp Nils , Kleemann Navina , Christopher Heike , Knigge Andrea , Brenner Carsten , Hofmann Martin R.
Published: February 2025

We demonstrate the diode laser‐based generation of mode‐locked pulses with 290 fs temporal width and 69 W peak power at a centre wavelength of 1067 nm. The laser diode is operated in an external cavity configuration at a repetition rate of 1.05 GHz. The laser operates passively modelocked with a reverse biased absorber section. The chirped output pulses are compressed close to the transform limit by means of an optimized grating compressor. This tailored pulse compression delivers almost transform limited pulses with specifications sufficient for THz time domain spectroscopy or nonlinear microscopy applications.
Broadband signal DOA estimation based on two‐sided correlation transformation using array manifold interpolation
Authors: Cao Jun , Xiong JiaJun , Xu Weizhe , Qu Wenxin , Wang Yao , Liu Shuai
Published: February 2025

The two‐sided correlation transformation (TCT) algorithm is widely used to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) for broadband signals. However, the traditional TCT algorithm requires DOA pre‐estimation, which results in a high computational complexity and poor performance under low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) conditions. To address these challenges, an improved TCT algorithm based on array manifold interpolation (AMI) is proposed in this paper, which utilised the AMI method to decompose the array manifold matrix and reconstruct the signal covariance matrix. It aims to obtain a DOA‐independent focusing transformation matrix, thereby avoiding DOA pre‐estimation. The simulation and lake experiment results are compared with the traditional TCT algorithms. It shows that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher DOA estimation accuracy and better angular resolution even in low SNR environments by fully utilising the information within the whole bandwidth of the target while reducing computational complexity.
Numerical study of the influence of external heat exchanger tube fins on heat transfer in hybrid cooling tower
Authors: Madyshev Ilnur , Chetyrchinsky Yaroslav , Kharkov Vitaly , Dmitrieva Oksana , Kasimov Ruslan
Published: February 2025

Hybrid cooling towers with a closed circuit to cool the process water are a progressive type of cooling equipment for industrial water systems. A numerical study is performed to determine the thermal characteristics of the finned outer surface of the tubes of a heat exchanger located inside the developed hybrid cooling tower operating in dry mode. During the simulations, the parameters of the circular fins of the tube are changed: the height of the fin in the range from 2 to 8 mm and the pitch of the fins from 3 to 8 mm. It was found that with an increase in the fin height and fin pitch, i.e., with increasing fin surface transfer area, the average value of heat transfer coefficient decreases, but the overall heat power improves. It was also established that replacing the circular fins of the tubes with spiral fins can increase the heat power by up to 20.2%.
The structure of the construction of a radar receiver for over-the-horizon detection
Authors: Litvinov Svyatsolav , Khamkin Nikita , Nanay Farida
Published: February 2025

The article provides information on the tasks of the over-thehorizon detection system, provides brief information on over-the-horizon radars of Russia. The foreign experience of building over-the-horizon detection systems is analyzed. The needs and options for constructing the receiving part of radars are shown, such as: placing equipment under the antenna pole, collecting equipment in the center, distributing equipment in containers along the antenna canvas. It is necessary to continue work in this direction.
Obtaining high-strength mastering mortars using ultra-disperse active mineral additives based on technogenic raw materials of Uzbekistan
Authors: Rakhimov Rakhimboy , Marupova Gulmira , Egamova Marguba , Matyokubov Bobur , Rustamova Dilbar , Mamadaliyev Xayrulla , Razzaqov Nurmuhammad
Published: February 2025

The paper presents a study aimed at developing high-strength masonry mortars using ultra-dispersed active mineral additives derived from technogenic raw materials in Uzbekistan. The primary objective is to enhance the adhesion strength between the mortar and silicate bricks, thereby facilitating the industrialization of construction in seismic regions and expanding the application of silicate bricks in masonry. The research focuses on utilizing mineral and man-made resources available in Uzbekistan, as well as incorporating waste products from the building materials industry and construction sites to improve technical and economic indicators.
Electromagnetic field equations securing state weightlessness
Authors: Smolyakov Eduard
Published: February 2025

In this work, using the “Extreme Theory of Dimensions”, hitherto unknown differential equations of field theory are obtained, which make it possible to ensure the movement of massive bodies using a sufficiently strong electromagnetic fields, which will become available in the near future. It is most likely that the builders of the Egyptian pyramids moved huge stone blocks using an electromagnetic field. The equations found can also be used to develop electromagnetic accelerators to replace the first stage of large multistage rockets.
Research on the Exchange Rate Forecast of the Pound Sterling and the Dollar Based on Neural Networks
Authors: Chen Jiantao , Song Yining
Published: February 2025

The dynamics of the British Pound (GBP) and the US Dollar (USD), as reflected in their exchange rate, profoundly shape global trade and investment trends. Traditional forecasting methodologies, grounded in statistical analysis and economic indicators, often struggle with accurately capturing the dynamic fluctuations of this currency's value, given the complex interplay of influencing variables. In response to this challenge, this paper proposes a neural network-based prediction model to forecast future GBP/USD exchange rates. Utilizing Matlab as the computational platform, the paper collects extensive historical exchange rate data and designs a multilayer feed forward neural network architecture. Through meticulous adjustments, the paper determines the optimal number of neurons in the concealed layers to achieve a harmonious equilibrium between the model's complexity and its aptitude for generalization. During the training phase, the back-propagation algorithm is employed to reduce prediction errors, and rigorous cross-validation techniques are utilized to precisely evaluate the model's performance. The optimized model is then utilized to predict future exchange rates, and its accuracy and practicality are validated through comparisons with actual market data. This research not only provides investors with a novel and effective tool for exchange rate forecasting but also paves the way for further exploration and application of neural networks in the realm of financial market prediction.
Economic lot scheduling problem under two different rework policies
Authors: Hossein Nobil Amir , Nobil Erfan , Eduardo Cárdenas-Barrón Leopoldo , Garza-Núñez Dagoberto , Treviño-Garza Gerardo , Céspedes-Mota Armando , de Jesús Loera-Hernández Imelda , Smith Neale R.
Published: February 2025

At the end of the 20th century, inventory problems involving defective items have been relevant to production systems research. This paper provides an economic lot scheduling problem (ELSP) for a defective manufacturing system with scrap and reworked items involving multiple products, and two separate policies to handle the defective items. The defective items will be reworked and converted into useful items. In the first policy, all defective items are deposited in a warehouse until all production periods are completed, and then, after n production cycles, a separate rework process is implemented. In the second policy, all reworkable items are repaired in the same production cycle, i.e., as soon as the production phase concludes, the rework process starts immediately. Finally, each problem is solved using a closed-form approach, employing the derivative method for solution, and a sensitivity analysis is performed. Both policies are compared, and some managerial insights are presented to identify which one is better and why.