bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TURBULENT MIXING IN OMBAI STRAIT
Authors: Suteja Yulianto , Purba Mulia , Atmadipoera Agus S.
Published: October 2017

Ombai Strait is one of the exit passages of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) which conveys hotspot of strong internal tidal energy. Internal tide is the one of main energy which causes mixing processes in the oceans and could lead to changes in water mass characteristics. The purpose of this research was to estimate the turbulent mixing   by using Thorpe analysis. Nine CTD cast were obtained for one tidal cycle (24 hours) in Ombai Strait. The results showed the average value of the turbulent mixing is 833.5 x 10-4 m2s-1, the highest found in deep homogeneous layer (2383.4x 10-4 m2s-1), followed by mixed surface layer (103.0 x 10-4 m2s-1) and thermocline (14.2 x 10-4 m2s-1). This Turbulent mixing value is much higher than the previous measurement in Indonesian Sea. This is presumably due to the strong internal tidal energy and its interaction with existing deep sill in Ombai Strait.

 Keywords: Indonesian throughflow (ITF), Ombai Strait, turbulent mixing
GROWTH RESPONSE OF WHITE SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) REARED IN LOW SALINITY MEDIUM, FED DIFFERENT PROTEIN AND CALCIUM LEVELS
Authors: Kaligis Erly
Published: October 2017

The white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has been an important commercial shrimp species in Indonesia. This species is tolerance to low salinity therefore, it is important to develop its aquaculture. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of protein and calcium levels in diet on growth performance of the white shrimp post larvae. A factorial experiment at three levels of dietary protein (25, 35, 45%) and three levels of calcium (0, 2, 4%) with three replicates were used in this experiment. Fifteen shrimps (PL25) were placed in triplicate 45-l glasses aquarium. Salinity in shrimp aquarium was 2 ppt.  The shrimps were fed of about 8% of body weight four times per day for 28 days. Measured parameters were daily growth rate, feed efficiency, RNA/DNA ratio, frequency of moulting, calcium and protein retentions. Results showed that shrimp fed on diet 45% protein and 2% calcium levels produce higher daily growth rate, feed efficiency, RNA/DNA ratio, protein retention, compared to the other treatments. It was concluded that the white shrimp post larvae required 45% protein and 2% calcium for the shrimp maintenance in a low salinity condition.

 Keywords: protein, calcium, RNA/DNA ratio, moulting, Litopenaeus vannamei
PLUMBUM (Pb) CONCENTRATION IN ANNUAL BANDS OF CORAL Porites lutea AT TUNDA ISLAND, BANTEN
Authors: Riska . , Zamani Neviaty P. , Prartono Tri , Arman Ali
Published: October 2017

Coral is one of marine organisms that can accumulate heavy metals such as Pb in its skeleton. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metals Pb in growth bands of coral P. lutea at windward and leeward regions of Tunda Island. The results showed that P. lutea accumulated heavy metals Pb in their growth bands. The results of Pb concentrations in windward region were in range of 6.17-14.76 mg kg-1/year, with the average concentration rate of 9.69 mg kg-1/year.  Meanwhile, in leeward region, the Pb concentrations were in range of 8.37-17.66 mg kg-1/year whith the average concentration rate of 13.33 mg kg-1/year. The Pb concentration in leeward regions was higher than in the windward region.

Keywords: heavy metal Pb, coral P. lutea, Tunda Island
ON SEAWEED CULTURE BASED COASTAL AREA DEVELOPMENT IN WEST SUMBAWA REGENCY
Authors: Nuryadin Rusmin , Soewardi Kadarwan , Yonvitner .
Published: October 2017

Seaweed cultivation is one of current coastal development activities in the west Sumbawa regency. Coastal region in the west Sumbawa regency that be used for seaweed cultivation was about 1,550 ha, however, its utilization was still limited of about 536 ha (34.58%). Seaweed farming activities were only carried out in some locations of the subdistrict of Taliwang and Pototano, west Sumbawa. Sustainability analysis of seaweed cultivation was done by Multidimensional scaling method using Rapid Appraisal Seaweed (Rapseaweed). Based on sustainability status of seaweed cultivation, the long line methods was less sustainable with sustanability index of 49.28 and the ‘anchored’ method produced better sustainability of 61.02 index value. A technological dimension is needed for seaweed farming development in order to produce better sustainability. Other dimensions for seaweed farming improvement are ecological, economic, social, and institutional. To reach a sustainable seaweed cultivation in the west Sumbawa regency, farmers and other stake holders should increase the utilization of available coastal region for seaweed farming activities by having the availability of the market and seeds, guarantees access to capital, increasing skills and knowledge of farmers, provide the drying and storage facilities, and  develop the seaweed processing industry.

 Keywords: seaweed, value index, sustainability status, Rapseaweed
DISTRIBUTION OF GASTROPODA AND ITS RELATION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS IN COASTAL WATERS OF NUSALAUT ISLAND, CENTRAL MALUKU
Authors: Islami Muhammad Masrur
Published: October 2017

Nusalaut Island is one of the small islands in Maluku waters that is influenced by the dynamics of Banda Sea. The aim of this study was to investigate the density and spatial distribution of gastropods and its relation with environmental characteristics using multivariate analysis i.e., Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Correspondence Analysis (CA). This study was conducted in Nusalaut Island as a part of Marine Resources Inventory Programme in Nusalaut Island in 2009. Fieldwork was conducted in northern Nusalaut Island using systematic random sampling method. Results showed that the highest density was Nassariidae family and other low density were from the familes of Cerithiidae, Buccinidae, Terebridae, and Conidae, respectively. The environmental characteristics affected species composition and density of gastropods. Distribution of environmental characteristics and spatial distribution of gastropods at each station was influenced by a combination of several parameters. Microhabitat pattern, predatory, and human activities also affected the distribution of gastropods.

 Keywords: gastropoda, spatial distribution, environmental characteristics, Nusalaut Island
PHOTOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SUNSCREEN CREAM WITH ADDITION OF CARRAGEENAN AND BLACK MANGROVE FRUIT (Rhizopora mucronata Lamk.)
Authors: Purwaningsih Sri , Salamah Ella , Adnin M. Nur
Published: October 2017

The need of people’s face protection  from sun exposure is continuosly increasing. However, the available sunscreen in the market are mostly chemicaly generated. Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) produced carrageenan, which can be used as stabilizer, thickener, and emulsifier on sunscreen production.  Black mangrove fruit (R. mucronata) contains an antioxidant activity, tanin, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, which are potential to be used for UV light absorber as well as skin protector. The aims of this research were to determine: (1) the best carrageenan concentration in the cream; (2) content of total phenol, flavonoids, and tannin of mangrove fruit extract; and (3) Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value of sunscreen cream.  The experiment used a complete random design  and with Duncan test.  The result showed that the best natural sunscreen formulation was an addition of 0.5% carrageenan and 1%  extract  from R. mucronata. The best characteristics of natural sunscreen were found within the level of 7.62 pH, 38.250 cP viscosity, 100% emulsion stability,  3.72% shrinkage, and  <102 colonies/g total microbial, 10.21 ± 0.06  SPF content,  37.90% total phenol,  0.51% total flavonoids, and 6.20 mg/g tannins.

 
 Keywords: antioxidant, carrageenan, flavonoids, Rhizophora mucronata, SPF
LEVEL OF CRABLET PRODUCTION IN MANGROVE CRAB Scylla paramamosain WITH FEEDING ENRICHMENT USING HUFA AND VITAMIN C ON LARVAE STAGES
Authors: Gunarto . , Herlinah .
Published: October 2017

The objective of the research was to determine the best enrichment of rotifer and the naupli of Artemia as feed  for mud crab, S. paramamosain larvae,  also to know their increasing of the DHA/EPA ratio and vitamin C content. Four treatments were tested, namely : A) Mud crab larvae every two days were given  rotifer and naupli of Artemia enriched with HUFA and vitamin C also added RICA-1 probiotic at 2 mg/L,  B) Mud crab larvae every two days were given rotifer and naupli of Artemia enriched with HUFA  and vitamin C,  C).  Mud crab larvae every two days were given rotifer and naupli of Artemia enriched with vitamin C, and D).  Mud crab larvae every three days were given rotifer and naupli of Artemia enriched with vitamin C. Result showed that the crablet production from the highest to the lowest was as follows: treatment A (177.5+17.6 ind./tank), treatment B (160+14.1 ind./tank) (A and B showed no significant different results (P>0.05)), treatment C (136+5.6 ind./tank), and treatment D (106+8,5 ind./tank) (C and D results indicated a significantly different (P<0.05) with treatment A).   Higher level of DHA/EPA ratio of 69.23% was found on rotifer enriched with HUFA, while on naupliofArtemia only 28,72%. Higher level content of vitamin C was 50.56% in rotifer enriched with vitamin C, while in naupli of Artemia was only increase to 35.56%.

Keywords:  Scylla paramamosain larvae, enrichment,  HUFA, vitamin C, crablet
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLANKTONIC DINOFLAGELLATE IN MAKASSAR WATERS, SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Mujib Abd Saddam , Damar Ario , Wardiatno Yusli
Published: October 2017

The objectives of this study were to determine the harmful species of dinoflagellates, to determine the concentration of nutriens in surface waters, and to analyze factors affecting the ecological aspects of the harmful dinoflagellates. The results showed that there were 7 genus of dinoflagellates found in this study i.e., Ceratium spp., Gymnodinium sp., Dinophysis sp., Gonyaulax sp., Noctiluca sp., Protoperi-dinium spp., and Peridinium sp. Protoperidinium spp. and Ceratium spp. were the predominant species, with their abundance ranged  of 9-659 cells/L and 6-556 cells/L, respectively.  In temporal scale, values of DO and water light penetration were not significantly different (α>0.05), while for the parameter of nutriens, salinity, and abundance were significantly different (α<0.05). Total abundance of dinoflagellates was significantly correlated with nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, salinity, and DO.  Harmful dinoflagellate species such as Dinophysis sp. (DSP), Gymnodinium spp. (NSP and PSP), Noctiluca sp. (anaerobic), and Gonyaulax sp. (anaerobic) were observed in the study area. The high concentration of ammonia (>1 mg/L) in the waters of Losari beach also indicated that the area was affected by anthropogenic activities.   Minimizing nutrient inputs from the land was becoming the most priority measure to be done to avoid such effects related to dinoflagellate harmful algae bloms.

Keywords: anthropogenic, dinoflagellates, harmful species, Makassar, nutrients.
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF FORAMINIFERA IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS AND CORRELATION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN OFFSHORE WATERS OF BALIKPAPAN, MAKASSAR STRAIT
Authors: Natsir Suhartati M. , Firman Aulya , Riyantini Indah , Nurruhwati Isni
Published: October 2017

The distribution of foraminifera is influenced by several environmental factors such as depth, sediment type, chemical and physical oceanographic paramaters, and season. The aim of the study was to determine the foraminiferal assemblages and their relationship to physical and chemical parameters in the offshore of Balikpapan waters of Makassar Strait such as depth, temperature, currents, sediment types, and salinity. Surface sediment, physical, and chemical parameters sampling was conducted in April 2012. The results of the observations on the sediment samples recognized planktonic foraminifera in 6 genera and 40 genera of benthic foraminifera from the 6 stations. Biodiversity of planktonic foraminifera was categorized in a low category with a range of 0.198-0.525. However, biodiversity for benthic foraminifera was categorized in a high category with a range of 0.811-0.925. Dominance of planktonic foraminifera was medium to high with range of 0.474-0.802 which was assumed due to the sampling sites as an open waters. Meanwhile, dominance for benthic foraminifera was in a low category with range of 0.075-0.189. The most common planktonic foraminifera was found from Genus Globigerina (10538 individuals). While, the most abundant of benthic foraminifera was found from Genus Amphistegina (3134 individuals).

 Keywords: abundance, foraminifera, sediment, and Makassar Strait
SUSTAINABILITY STATUS OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN SEMBILANG NATIONAL PARK, BANYUASIN REGENCY, SOUTH SUMATERA PROVINCE
Authors: Theresia . , Boer Mennofatria , Pratiwi Niken T.M
Published: October 2017

he utilization of mangrove in Sembilang National Park area has increased lately so that it is necessary to assess the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem management in the region. The study was conducted in March-April 2015. The research location was in the National Park Sembilang, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra. The study used primary data and secondary data collections. The primary data were collected from direct observation of mangrove vegetation and via directs interviews of 86 respondents using purposive sampling method. The sustainability status and recommendations for management strategies were determined using Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) method approaching by RAPFISH (Rapid Assessment Technique for Fisheries).Current sustainabilitystatus of mangrove management in Sembilang National Park, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra was "less sustainable" with multidimensional sustainability index of 49.81. Priority attributes that need to be fixed in order to improve the status of sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems in the region were area changes, local knowledge, conflict of interest, and local wisdom. Alternative strategy priority for mangrove ecosystem management in the region was the empowerment of local community for sustainable mangrove utilization.
 Keywords: sembilang national park, RAPMANGROVE, mangrove ecosystem management
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF GROUPER FISH (Serranidae) LANDED IN PEUKAN BADA SUBDISTRICT, ACEH PROVINCE
Authors: Astuti Rika , Yonvitner . , Kamal M. Mukhlis
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Information on important and economic grouper fish (Serranidae family) in Peukan Bada waters, Province of Aceh is very limited. This objecives of this research were to determine spatial and temporal variabilities in species composition and community structure of grouper landed in Peukan Bada, Aceh Besar District. The research was conducted using survey method during February to June 2015 on three fish landing sites i.e., Ujong Pancu, Lamtengoh, and Lamteh. The groupers were caught by using handline. The landed fishes were therefore counted and identified up to species level. The data were also analyzed based on taxonomic information and individual number of each species, community structure using the diversity index (H’), eveness (E), and dominance (D). The results obtained 835 individual, 21 species of grouper belong to 4 genera (Aethaloperca, Cephalopholis, Epinephelus dan Variola). Based on species, Epinephelus fasciatus and Cephalopholis sonnerati were the most grouper fishes in the region.  Based on community structure, diversity value (H’) in Lam-tengoh was higher than that in Ujong Pancu and Lamteh. Total grouper fish catches were not significantly different (P>0,05) among the three region. Meanwhile, total grouper fish cacthes were significantly different between seasons (p<0,05). The diversity species variation during five months of observation was affected by the differences in catches area, the condition of aquatic enviroment, and oceanographic condition.

Keywords: Groupers, Peukan Bada, species composition, community structure
FISHING ZONE IN KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL PARK
Authors: Simbolon Domu , Irnawati Ririn , Wiryawan Budy , Murdiyanto Bambang , Nurani Tri Wiji
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Karimunjawa National Park (KNP) consists of 7 zones i.e., core, protection, tourism, residence, rehabilitation, cultivation, and traditional fisheries utilization zone. Fishing activities in the traditional fisheries utilization zone (TFUZ) was not optimal because of limited of fishing zone information. The objective of this study was to determine the fishing zone based on major fish for each fishing gear. This study was conducted in KNP from October to December 2009. The major fish resources were determined through analyses of comparative performance index (CPI). Fish resource potential was analyzed by bio-economic model. The existence of fish resources were used as a basis of arrangement of fishing gear arround the fishing zone, through consideration of fishing gear characteristics, the characteristics of waters, the probabilities of conflict, degradation of fish resources, and regulations. Map of fishing zones were created using geographicl information system. Results showed that potential fishes around the TFUZ were reef fishes such as trevallies, yellow tail, and grouper. The potency of reef fishes was about 149 tons/year and pelagic fish of 19,080 tons/year. Fishing zones around the TFUZ consisted of (1) area of 0-3 miles from coastal line which was allocated as the fishing zone of reef fishes using hand line and fish trap, (2) area of 3-4 miles from coastal line which was allocated as demersal fishing zone using bottom gillnet, (3) area of 0-4 miles from coastal line which was allocated as pelagic fishing zone using surface gillnet, and (4) area that more than 4 miles which was allocated as pelagic fishing zone using dynamic fishing gear (troll line), and boat lift net.

 

Keywords:  fishing zone, reef fish, pelagic fish, gillnet, Karimunjawa
BIOLOGICAL BASE OF SKIPJACK AS THE FOUNDATION FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE NORTH MALUKU PROVINCE
Authors: Karman Amirul , Martasuganda Sulaeman , A. Sondita M. Fedi , Baskoro Mulyono S.
Published: October 2017

Skipjacks in the western and southern waters of North Maluku Province were caught using pole and line with FADs. Skipjack usually swims near the surface water and  tends to be classified as a juvenile skipjack that caught during fishing activities. The study objective was to analyze biological data of skipjack including length weight  relationship, growth, length at first maturity/lm and catch size, size composition and gonad maturity. Skipjack samples were caught in the waters of the western (zone A) and southern (zone b) areas of North Maluku Province, from April 2012 until May 2013. The sudy results show the value bof  skipjack caught around FADs  at zone A and B were similar as b=3. This indicates that the growth of skipjack in both areas was categorized as in isometric pattern. L∞  of skipjack caught at zone A  was 75 cm at the age of 56 months and  at zone B was 76 cm at the age of 56 months. Lm value skipjack caught in zone A and zone B was obtained by 43 cm, with a range of long-forked skipjack caught in zone A from 26.0 to 72.0 cm, and at zone B from 26- to 71 cm , The gonad maturity at zone A and  B, was obtained in  the similar stages as  maturity stages I, II, III,IV, and V. TKG V of the skipjack caught around FADs zone A is found in March and B in July, so it can be presumed skipjack in two zones throughout the year with peak spawning occurs in March for zone A and  B in July.

Keywords: Biological base, skipjack, fishery management, North Maluku
PRODUCTION OF WHITE SHRIMP Litopenaeus vannamei IN FLOATING CAGE SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT STOCKING DENSITY AT THOUSAND ISLAND STRAIT
Authors: Fendjalang Sophia N.M. , Budiardi Tatag , Supriyono Eddy , Effendi Irzal
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to analyze the survival rate, growth, and haemolymp glucose level of white shrimp as a physiological responses at floating cage cultured on different stock den-sity, in Seribu Islands Strait. White shrimp used in this study contained approximate weight of 1.0±0.06 g and length of 5.0±0.03 cm from Nusa Karamba Hatchery in Seribu Island. White shrimp was maintained in 90 days, feed with ±36.28 % protein content 4 times each day with feeding rate (FR) of 7%. Water qualities and shrimp growth measurements was conducted every 10 days. Haemolymph glucose sam-pling was performed in the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Result showed that treatment with stock densituy of 250 shrimp/m2 had a better survival rate of 30.33% and feed conversion ratio of 1.13 than other treatments. Phy-siological response in the form of glucose hemolim also showed a better response in the 250 ind./m2 stock density of 41.87 mg/dl indicating that the white shrimp did not experience a sig-nificant stress.

Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei,  sea floating cages, stock density, strait waters, Seribu Islands.
THE ADDITION OF ZEOLITE, ACTIVATED CARBON, CLOVE OIL, AND DIFFERENT SALINITY FOR GLUCOSE RESPONSE AND OSMOTIC PRESSURE ON JUVENILE GIANT PRAWN IN CLOSED TRANSPORT SIMULATION SYSTEM WITH HIGH DENSITY
Authors: Humairani . , Supriyono Eddy , Nirmala Kukuh
Published: October 2017

Long distance transportation of prawn juvenile usually use a closed system. Indonesian farmers often face  problem in this juvenile transportation such as a low survival rate due to shrimp stress and changes in water quality during transportation. This study was aimed to determine the effect of salt, cloves oil, zeolite, and activated carbon for maintaining water quality in 24 hours juvenile giant prawn simulation transportation at high density. The study was conducted at laboratory scale with a complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates. For each treatments, it was added 4.67 µl/L clove oil, 20 g of zeolite, 10 g of activated carbon within 4 (four) different salt concentration i.e., 0 g/L (A), 4.7 g/L (B), 9.4 g/L(C), 14.1 g/L(D) and K (without salt, clove oil, zeolites and activated carbon). The results showed that the addition of 9.4 g/L of salt, 4.67 µl/L clove oil, 20 g of zeolite, and 10 g of activated carbon produced the best results with the highest survival rate by 88±2% at the end of simulation transportation and 82±2.83% after rearing, water quality and physiological respons of shrimp remains in good condition at the simulation transportation and at rearing.

 Keywords: juvenile giant prawn, salt, high density, physiological responses
DIVERSITY OF NEOGRASTOPODA IN LAMPUNG BAY
Authors: Cappenberg Hendrik A.W.
Published: October 2017

The research was conducted in April 2008 and March 2009, in the Lampung Bay on six locations: Lahu, Ringgung, Hurun Bay, Mutun, Pelabuhan Panjang, and Sebalang. The aims of this research were to determine the diversity of neogastropod and their condition in this bay. The neogastropod samples were collected by using square transect method. A total number of 176 individuals of neo-gastropod consisted of 15 species which were belong to 6 families were collected from the bay. Mo-rula Margariticola and Morula sp. (Muricidae) were the dominance species with relatively wide dis-tribution. The diversity index (H’) ranged between 0,90 – 2,10. The evenness index (e) ranged between 0.65 – 0.91, and the species dominant index (C) ranged between 0.15 – 0.49. The overall calculation indicated that the diversity of neogastropod in the Lampung Bay was relatively low. Comparison the diversiry of neogastropod from the other various areas in the coastal zone of Indonesia was also dis-cussed in this paper.

Keywords: diversity, neogastropod, Lampung Bay.
PLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF TRADITIONAL AND INTENSIVE BRACKISHWATER PONDS IN PROBOLINGGO REGENCY, EAST JAVA PROVINCE
Authors: Utojo . , Mustafa Akhmad
Published: October 2017

This experiment aimed to determine the plankton community structure in intensive and traditional ponds of  Probolinggo Regency, East Java Province. Plankton collected with plankton net size of 60 μm and preserved with lugol 1%. Water qualities such as temperature, transparancy, salinity, dis-solved oxygen, pH, total organic matter, NO2-N, NO3-N, NH3-N, PO4-P, and total suspended solids were measured and analysed in this study. Planktons were identified using microscopy. Cells were counted using cell counting method. The results showed that in intensive pond we found 16 species of phytoplankton and 7 species of zooplankton with abundance 570-1.808 ind./L, while in traditional ponds, we found 10 species of phytoplankton and 3 species of  zooplankton with abundance  134-776 ind./L. The dominant species of phytoplankton in the intensive and traditional ponds were Navicula sp andNitzschia sp, each of Bacillariophyceae class with abundance of 423 ind./L and 198 ind./L, res-pectively. Zooplankton species in intensive pond was copepod sp, while in traditional  one was Oitho-na sp, each of Crustaceae class with abundance of  66 ind./L and 37 ind./L, respectively. Diversity and abundance of plankton in intensive pond was higher than in the traditional ponds. The water quality in intensive pond was optimal so that the response to the absorption of  N and P inorganic by phyto-plankton was quicker and more effective than in traditional pond producing an increase in plankton communities. The increase value of NO3-N and total suspended solids in intensive pond caused the in-crease abundance of Navicula sp.  The high value of NH3-N caused the abundance of Navicula sp to decline. The high values of dissolved oxygen, pH, total suspended solid, and NH3-N in traditional pond can decrease the Nitzschia sp abundance.  

Keywords: plankton communities, intensive and traditional ponds, Probolinggo, East Java
BINARY VECTOR CONSTRUCTION OF KAPPA(κ)-CARRAGEENASE GENE AND TRANSFORMATION TO Agrobacterium tumefaciens AS MEDIATOR FOR SEAWEED TRANSGENIC GENERATION
Authors: Rajamuddin Muh Alias L. , Alimuddin . , Widyastuti Utut , Harris Enang , Suryati Emma
Published: October 2017

Increasing of kappa (κ)-carrageenan content in Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed is potentially be achieved by applying transgenesis technology. This study was performed to obtain a construction of  κ-Carrageenase gene and Agrobacterium tumefaciens to carry those construction genes.  The κ-Carrageenase (κ-Car) gene was involved in κ-carrageenan biosynthesis. The κ-Car gene sequence was ligated between the 35S CaMV promoter and tNos terminator sequences to generate pMSH/κ-Car expression vector. Transformation of pMSH/κ-Car plasmid to Escherichia coli was performed by heat-shock method, and to Agrobacterium tumefaciens by tri-parental mating method. The results showed that several colonies of E. coli and A. tumefaciens grew in the selective culture mediums containing antibiotic. PCR analysis using primers 35S-Forward and tNos-Reverse with DNA template from those bacterial colonies resulted DNA fragment of about 2,000 bp, the same as the total length of 35S CaMV promoter, κ-Car gene and tNos terminator sequences. Therefore, the construction of pMSH/κ-Car gene was succeeded and a colony of A. tumefaciens transformant carrying pMSH/κ-Car plasmid was successfully produced.

                                                                                   Keywords:  Agrobacterium tumefaciens, kappa(κ)-Carrageenase gene, transgenesis, vector
TOTAL HEMOCYTES, GLUCOSE HEMOLYMPH, AND PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF SPINY LOBSTER Panulirus homarus CULTURED IN THE INDIVIDUAL COMPARTMENTS SYSTEM
Authors: Pratiwi Rifqah , Supriyono Eddy , Widanarni .
Published: October 2017

Cannibalism can cause high mortality in a lobster culture. To prevent cannibalism, an artificial shel-ter is needed like the individual compartments system (ICS) to ensure that there is no contact bet-ween lobsters. This study aimed to evaluate the application of ICS on total hemocytes glucose hemo-lymph, production performance, and determine the shape of more effective ICS to minimize stress level of lobster. The treatments used for various application shape of ICS was tubular ICS, triangle ICS, square ICS, and shelter PVC pipes as control. Lobster maintenance was conducted in outdoor for 60 days. The results indicated that physiological responses with square ICS treatment were more effective to reduce stress level compared with other treatments (p<0.05). Application of ICS was more optimal to improved SR (p<0.05) and growth of lobster (p>0.05). Overall, treatment of square ICS was opti-mal related to production performance i.e. SR 88.89±5.24%, SGR 0.61±0.49%/day, with harvest size of total length 137.31±8.11 mm/ind, weight 58.83±4.78 g/ind, and FCR 22.71±1.72. Application of ICS in lobster culture was effective to reduce stress level as indicated from total hemocytes and gluco-se hemolymph, and support optimal production performance. Lobster culture using a square ICS sha-pe was effective to minimize stress level, compared with tubular ICS and triangle ICS.

Keywords:   cannibalism, glucose, hemocytes, individual compartments system, lobster, production
MARINE TOURISM SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT IN MARINE RECREATIONAL PARK ANAMBAS ISLAND
Authors: Kurniawan Rika , Yulianda Fredinan , Susanto Handoko Adi
Published: October 2017

Mantang  Besar and Mantang Kecil islands contain marine resources that can be developed for ma-rine tourism activities. For the above purpose, a study is needed to assess the potential of the islands. The objectives of this study were: (1) to analyze the sustainability potential of marine tourism on Man-tang Besar and Mantang Kecil islands and (2) to determine the policy and strategy to develop marine tourism in Mantang Besar and Mantang Kecil islands. Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) with Rapid Appraisal Index Sustainability of Ecotourism approach was used for the sustainability analysis of the marine tourism potential in both islands. The results showed that the sustainability status of marine tourism potential on Mantang Besar and Mantang Kecil islands for A dimension (ecology) was in ave-rage of 50.4592 within the category of sustainable, for B dimension (socio-economic) with average of 31.6113 within the category of less sustainable, and C dimension (institutional-technology) with ave-rage of 32.5581 wihtin the category of less sustainable. For the succes of the strategy development, B dimension should be prioritized and followed by B and C dimensions.

                                                                                   Keywords: MCA, marine tourism development strategy, Anambas islands
LINK OF Pharella acutidens ABUNDANCE AND MANGROVE HABITAT IN CEMPI BAY, DOMPU REGENCY, WEST NUSA TENGGAR
Authors: Dermawan Awan , Setyobudiandi Isdradjat , Krisanti Majariana
Published: October 2017

Pharella acutidens clam is a bivalve lives in mangrove ecosystem substrate, that is one of protein source for Dompu’s people. the existence of pharella acutidens in Cempi Bay, Dompu begin difficult to collect due to mangrove area has been reduced by result of land conversion from mangrove ekosistem area to estuary aquaculture pond and mangrove timber exploitation by local community as well as the Pharella acutidens routin exploitation, these factor may has influenced the existence of Pharella acutidens clam in the Cempi Bay mangrove ecosystem. This study aims to determine the condition of the Pharella acutidens clams located in the mangrove ecosystem Cempi bay, which in is an abundance on different conditions mangrove vegetation an abundance of Pharella acutidens clams tended more on high density and high basal area sites as well as the size of the clams. Varied habitats, from the density of 1.333 trees/ha up to 3.300 trees/ha, the basal area and the diverse species of mangrove, making this study an interesting thing  This journal is part of the research that explains positive influence between total basal area of mangrove vegetation (∑Ci) and abundance of Pharella acutidens, by simple regression analysis. The result showed that total basal area of mangrove vegetation (∑Ci) positively influencing abundance of P. acutidens clams with equation y = 0,3038x + 3,887 and R2 = 0,9579.
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF MACROALGA Gracilaria sp. IN BATCH SYSTEM TO PRODUCE BIO-METHANE
Authors: Kawaroe Mujizat , Hasanudin Udin , Krisye .
Published: October 2017

This study aimed to determine the potential of bio-methane produced by Gracilaria sp. in a batch system. The experiment was conducted in batch system and it was initiated by acclimatization process (12 days) and ended methane production process (30 days). The results showed that biochemical properties of Gracilaria sp.  are carbohydrate 65.46 ± 0.58%, lignin 13.20 ± 2.23%, TOC (Total Organic Carbon) 33.39 ± 0.23%, Nitrogen 1.12 ± 0.01%, and C/N ratio 29.82. Acclimatization proceeded successfully and it was indicated by 62.7 L biogas of 4.025 L of substrate Gracilaria sp. produced within a pH range of 6.2 - 7.1. The batch method of anaerobic biodegradation showed that 4 kg of Gracilaria sp. can produced 131.1 L of biogas containing methane and 46.7 L or 11.6 L CH4 /kg.
APPLICATION OF UNDERWATER PHOTO TRANSECT METHOD TO UNDERSTAND CORAL REEFS COVER IN POMBO ISLAND, MALUKU
Authors: Adji Arif Seno , Indrabudi Terry , Alik Robert
Published: October 2017

Methods to understand coral reefs health are increasingly diverse. One of the promising method is georeferenced photo transect. In this method, a diver took benthic community photos using a camera installed or connected with a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, so that each photo taken has a geographic coordinate on it. This spatial information is very useful for monitoring coral reefs health. The purpose of this research is to understand coral reefs cover in Pombo Island, Maluku by using georeferenced photo transect method. Field data collection was done in April 2015 with 14 transect lines. Overall of 14 transect lines, 3 transects are in Good category, other 3 transects are in Pretty Good category, and the rest of 8 transects are in Not Good category. Coral species commonly found around transect lines are Porites lutea, Porites lobata, Acropora valenciennesi, Acropora hyacinthus, Turbinaria mesenterina, Stylophora pistillata, Mycedium elephantotus, Acropora latistella
SUSTAINABILITY OF FISHERY POND POLYCULTURE WITH AND WITHOUT MANGROVE INTEGRATION
Authors: Dolorosa Eva , Masyhuri . , Lestari . , Jamhari .
Published: October 2017

This research aims to analyze the sustainability of two types of fishery pond polyculture of milkfish-tiger shrimp with and without mangrove integration on small-scale farms. Sustainability dimensions considered in this research included are the ecology, economy, social-culture, technology-infrastructure, and laws-institutions as the dimensions analyzed.  The performance of each aspect was analyzed by using Multi-dimensional scaling (Rapfish) and leverage analysis. The result shows that the current multidimensional sustainability status  of  the fishery  pond   polyculture  both  with  and  without  mangrove  integration was less sustainable  (sustainability index of 44.98 and 36.18 respectively). The result of leverage analysis indicates that out of 73 attributes, there were 16 and 23 sensitive attributes respectively that affect the sustainability of polyculture fishpond with and without mangrove integration. These attributes should be managed immediately in order to improve the sustainability index of fishery pond polyculture, this includes organic pesticides application, source of capital, the availability of seeds of milkfish and tiger shrimp, market location, selling price, waste treatment technology, availability of agribusiness facilities and infrastructure, aquaculture technology, information technology, standardizing the quality of fishery products, availability of micro finance institution and others.
TOGO PERFOMANCE IN RIVER AND PONDS AT CEMARA LABAT VILLAGE, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN
Authors: Berlianti Febrina , Yusfiandayani Roza , Sondita M. Fedi A. , Murdiyanto Bambang
Published: October 2017

Togo is a passive gear and classified as a trap and guiding barrier. Togo fishery in Cemara Labat village covers fishing activities in river and ponds. Penaeus indicus fishing in ponds are considered more profitable because catches obtained were greater thanboth in term of abundance and biomass. This study aims to identify fishing unit, compare the productivity and analyze differences in the number and size of catches of togo in river and ponds. The research used case study, survey and interview techniques to collect data on the performance of the fishing gear, productivity, the number and size of catches were analyzed using technical analysis, productivity trip and unpaired comparisson t-test. Results showed fishing unit of togo in river consists of fishing gear and boat, while the components on the fishing unit of togo in ponds consisting of fishing gear, ponds and hut. The t -test showed that it differed in abundance and biomass of shrimp on the different togo (p<0.05). The average size in river was 7879 cm with average catch was 10.60 kg while catches per trip was 31.47 kg trip-1 less than togo in ponds which reached 53.45 kg trip-1 with an average number and size where each 31.47 kg and 10.07 cm.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF POKEA CLAM Batissa violacea var. celebensis, VON MARTENS 1897 AT LASOLO ESTUARY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI
Authors: Bahtiar .
Published: October 2017

Pokea clam Batissa violacea var. celebensis von Martens 1897 that inhabits the substrates of some estuaries in Southeast Sulawesi has a tendency to have different reproductive pattern. The aim of this study was to determine the sex ratio, gonadal maturity stage (TKG), gonadal maturity index (IKG) and the size at first gonad maturity of pokea in Lasolo estuary, Southeast Sulawesi.  Samples were randomly collected using a traditional fishing gear called tangge.  Sex ratio, TKG, IKG, and the size at first gonad maturity were determined using standard methods and formulas and then analyzed using Chi Square, quantitative description and non-linear regression. The results showed that the number of males were higher than the numbers of females, ranging from 71.85-89.84% and 10.16-28.15%, respectively.  Gonadal maturity development of male and female occured simultaneously. Early gonadal maturity stage began in January.  Spawning occurs twice, beginning with maturity in April and spawning in May and then again maturity in July and spawning in July until October.  IKG values of male and female were relatively the same ranging from 2.56-31.92. The males matured earlier than the females at size 1.95 cm and 2.15 cm, respectively. 

 

Keywords: female, gonad, male, clam, maturity, spawning
WATER QUALITY OF POST CONTAMINATION OF MARINE DEBRIS IN THE KUTA BEACH OF BALI
Authors: Putra Aprizon , Husrin Semeidi
Published: October 2017

Kuta Beach of Bali is one of the top tourist destination for a vacation in Bali Island. The beauty of the beach with white sand, ocean waves are excellent for surfing, sunset, and tourism infrastructure which detailed makes very famous Kuta beach to foreign countries. However, in recent years the beauty of Kuta beach which has become an icon of tourism in Bali began plagued by high levels of contaminant of the marine debris on the beach, mainly contamination of the marine debris that often accumulate in Kuta beach every season West. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of water quality based the quality standards of sea water KMNLH Number 51 Years 2004 post contamination of the marine debris that occurred in the Kuta beach of Bali. The method used is to perform measurements using a "Water Quality Checker" at 8 measuring stations. Water quality parameters which measured, namely physical parameters (temperature, turbidity) and chemical parameters (pH, salinity, DO). The results showed a temperature with the range of value 29.10-29.40°C, turbidity with the value range 0.30-18.70 NTU, pH with the value range 8.10-8.15 DO with the value range 6.85-7.38 mg/L and salinity with the value range 30.60-30.90%o. Based on the measurement data obtained indicates conditions of the waters chemistry of still suitable and condition of the waters physical showed the value of the temperature is still suitable, except the turbidity value shows the value does not suitable in the station 1, 2 and 8.

 
Keywords: Bali, water quality, Kuta Beach, marine debris
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF LARVAL DEVELOPMENT Oryzias javanicus IN INDONESIA
Authors: Puspitasari Rachma , Suratno .
Published: October 2017

Java medaka Oryzias javanicus potentially developed as test organism, represents the coastal region because it has a high adaptability in freshwater, brackishwater and marine environments. Utilization of it as a test organism has some obstacles such as lack of number of test organisms with same size or age. The fulfillment of number can be solved if the test organism is cultivated exclusively in the laboratory. This study was a preliminary study to get information about suitable salinity for spawning and hatching. Parameter observed were spawning ability in 0 and 20 ppt and hatching rate of egg among 0. 15 and 30 ppt and development of larval fish in 0 ppt. Result indicated that the fish was be able to spawn in 0 and 20 ppt. Eggs were hatched within 9 days in 30 ppt, faster than in freshwater and 15 ppt. In general, O. javanicus was be able to spawn either in freshwater or seawater, but there are differences in the behavior of fish in the laying of egg. Fish will carried their eggs in the abdomen in freshwater, while 20 ppt salinity fish tends to release the eggs. O. javanicus be able to live and lay eggs on freshwater and seawater. Selection of salinity is adjusted to test requirement in egg phase, pascalarva or adult. In general, breeding of fish easier and faster done in fresh water while hatching eggs take place more quickly in high salinity.

Keywords: Indonesia, Java Medaka, Oryzias javanicus, test organism
TOTAL HEMOCYTE COUNT AND HEMOLYMPH GLUCOSE CONCENRATION RESPONSE OF SPINY LOBSTER Panulirus homarus ON RATIO OF SHELTER
Authors: Djai Suhaiba , Supriyono Eddy , Nirmala Kukuh , Adiyana Kukuh
Published: October 2017

This research was conducted to assess the physiological response of the lobster Panulirus homarus for the ratio of the shelters. The method used completely randomized design with two replicates of each treatments with shelter ratio (A) 1 : 5, (B) 3 : 5, (C) 4 : 5, (D) 5 : 5. Weight average for 184 lobsters with the stocking density of 23 lobsters for each treatment was 32.64 ± 0.58 g. The experiment was conducted for 60 days. The lobster was fed with trash fish and acclimatized for 7 days before the experiment. Observations on the physiologycal of every 10 days. The physiological responses that observed were total hemocyte count (THC) and hemolymph glucose concentration. The results showed that 4:5 was the best lobster shelter ratio because it could reduce stress levels. This is indicated by the stable values of THC and hemolymph glucose level during the experiment and supported by the growth of 57.28 ± 0.15 g and survival rate of 91.31 ± 2.60%.

 
Keywords: lobster, Panulirus homarus, ratio, shelter, THC, glucose
INCREASE OF IMMUNITY CANTIK HYBRID GROUPER JUVENILES BY LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS)
Authors: Roza Des
Published: October 2017

Disease is one of obstacle in fish culture. Immunity of fish against disease can be increased by using immunostimulant. The purpose of this experiment to increasing immunity of cantik hybrid grouper (cross breeding of tiger grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus female with marbled grouper, E. polyphekadion male) to the diseases by using immunostimulant. Treatments were LPS cell walls of V. alginolyticus and commercial LPS was also used in this study, as a-control without LPS was used saline water (0.85% NaCl). The LPS was delivered by injection intra-muscularly with concentration of 0.1 mL/fish. This experiment was design by completely randomized with 3 replicates. Results showed that LPS were effective to increase titer antibody values and survival rates of cantik hybrid grouper. The titer antibody values of fish after 90 days rearing period were 128 (LPS from V. alginolyticus), 64 (commercial LPS), and only 4 in the control fish. The survival rates at the end of experiment were 88.67 ± 3.62% (LPS from V. alginolyticus), 85.22±5.93% (commercial LPS), and only 50.13 ± 6.11% in the control fish. Relative percentage survival of fish following challenged with live V. alginolyticus were 77.46% in the received LPS from V. alginolyticus cell wall and 71.12% in the fish received commercial LPS. It is suggested that LPS effective to increase immunity of cantik hybrid grouper against bacterial infection.

 

Keywords:  cantik hybrid grouper, immunity, lipopolysaccharide, Vibrio alginolyticus
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF TRANSFECTION TIGER SHRIMP BROODSTOCK Penaeus monodon IN DIFFERENT GENERATION
Authors: Suwoyo Hidayat Suryanto , Sahabuddin .
Published: October 2017

Diseases resistant genes assemblage for tiger shrimp has been initiated by The Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture in collaboration with Bogor Agricultural Institute, through transgenesis approach under anti-virus genes transfection. The  study aimed to evaluate the growth performance of broodstock candidates of tiger shrimp at different generati on (F0 and F1). This research was  conducted at 2000 m2size of four ponds in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi..  The treatment was  different generations of broodstocks, which were: broodstocks originated from F0generation, (A) and F1 (B). The 22.63 to 28.57 g of broodstock candidates were stocked 0.5 ind.m-2 and then reared for 128 days. During rearing period, these shrimp were fed usingcommercial pelleted feed with content 36-38% of protein in dosage of 10-4%/  body weight. Feeding frequency was applied in the morning and in the evening. Measured variables were growth, size distribution, survival rate  and water quality The results indicated that the performances of these shrimps, growth, size distributions as well as survival rates between these F0 and F1 were not significantly different (p>0.05). The growth pattern was relatively equal between treatment  during rearing period. Survival rate of tiger  shrimp in this study ranged from 51.7 to 73.35%. This study have implications on the provision of superior broodstock shrimp in ponds in order to support the sustainability of shrimp seed production in hatchery.

 
Keywords: broodstock, production, transgenic,  tiger shrimp
MANAGEMENT OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM POTENCY IN KUALA LANGSA, ACEH
Authors: Zurba Nabil , Effendi Hefni , Yonvitner .
Published: October 2017

The potency of mangrove ecosystems can be a provider of economic resources, preserving the ecological environment and providing environmental services. The existence of mangroves in Kuala Langsa is important to study about the economic potential, the potential of carbon sequestration in the form of biomass, coastal tourism potential and social potential of society in support of its development efforts. The result of the research shows that the potential existence of mangrove ecosystem to fishery sector is Rp. 657.563.000 / year, carbon sequestration potential in the form of biomass of 180.365 ton /year, with the economic value of carbon trade of Rp. 2.344.745.000/year, economic potential of coastal tourism reached Rp 22,921,107,253/year. Overall, the estimated total potential of existing mangrove ecosystems in Kuala Langsa is Rp. 29.923.415.253/year. To manage these potentials, a conservation strategy is required, performance improvement of customary institutions and the existence of such management institutions must be continuously strengthened.                                                                                                   
Keywords:  institutional, Kuala Langsa, mangrove, potency, strategic                        management 