bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Satellite detection of dinoflagellate blooms off California by UV reflectance ratios
Authors: Kahru Mati , Anderson Clarissa , Barton Andrew D. , Carter Melissa L. , Catlett Dylan , Send Uwe , Sosik Heidi M. , Weiss Elliot L. , Mitchell B. Greg
Published: June 2021

As harmful algae blooms are increasing in frequency and magnitude, one goal of a new generation of higher spectral resolution satellite missions is to improve the potential of satellite optical data to monitor these events. A satellite-based algorithm proposed over two decades ago was used for the first time to monitor the extent and temporal evolution of a massive bloom of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedra off Southern California during April and May 2020. The algorithm uses ultraviolet (UV) data that have only recently become available from the single ocean color sensor on the Japanese GCOM-C satellite. Dinoflagellates contain high concentrations of mycosporine-like amino acids and release colored dissolved organic matter, both of which absorb strongly in the UV part of the spectrum. Ratios <1 of remote sensing reflectance of the UV band at 380 nm to that of the blue band at 443 nm were used as an indicator of the dinoflagellate bloom. The satellite data indicated that an observed, long, and narrow nearshore band of elevated chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations, extending from northern Baja to Santa Monica Bay, was dominated by L. polyedra. In other high Chl-a regions, the ratios were >1, consistent with historical observations showing a sharp transition from dinoflagellate- to diatom-dominated waters in these areas. UV bands are thus potentially useful in the remote sensing of phytoplankton blooms but are currently available only from a single ocean color sensor. As several new satellites such as the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, and marine Ecosystem mission will include UV bands, new algorithms using these bands are needed to enable better monitoring of blooms, especially potentially harmful algal blooms, across large spatiotemporal scales.
Supporting Indigenous adaptation in a changing climate
Authors: Gauer Viviane H. , Schaepe David M. , Welch John R.
Published: June 2021

Indigenous peoples are both disproportionately threatened by global climate change and uniquely positioned to enhance local adaptive capacities. We identify actions that support Indigenous adaptation based on organizational and community perspectives. Our data come from two Indigenous organizations that share cultural heritage stewardship missions—the Stó:lō Research and Resource Management Centre (Stó:lō Nation, British Columbia) and the Fort Apache Heritage Foundation (White Mountain Apache Tribe, Arizona). These organizations collaborated with us in exploring community perceptions of climate effects, investigating community adaptation opportunities and constraints, and identifying actions that support Indigenous adaptation. Research methods included engagement with organizational collaborators and semi-structured interviews with organizational representatives and community members and staff. Results confirm that Stó:lō and Apache territories and communities have experienced climate change impacts, such as changes in temperature, hydrology, and increase in extreme weather events. Climate effects are cumulative to colonial depletion of traditional environments and further reduce access to traditional resources, practices, and food security. Results indicated that certain actions are identified by community members as adaptation enablers across case studies—most prominently, perpetuation of Indigenous culture and knowledge, climate education that is tailored to local contexts, collaborative decision-making among community institutions, and integration of climate adaptation into ongoing organizational programs. We conclude that Indigenous-owned organizations are engaged in the expansion of adaptive capacity and hold potential to further support their communities.
Students' perception toward gamification applied in English language classroom
Authors: Putra Pandu Perdana , Priyatmojo Arif Suryo
Published: June 2021

This study aims to find out the students' perception toward gamification applied on English language Classroom. Gamification emerged as an innovation in classroom teaching. The basic concept is to incorporate game elements into teaching, taking advantage of students' interest in games that can be used for the purposes of the teaching process. This study is conducted since there is still limited research that is conducted in Indonesia which analyses the students' perception toward the gamification utilization. This research used qualitative methods as a way to present research results from data collected. Data from this study were collected using two methods, namely online questionnaires, and interviews. This research shared questionnaires to 30 students. The questionnaire was a Likert-style close-ended question. From the research conducted, it was found that the majority of students' perceptions of gamification used in English classes was positive. The students believed that gamification was effective and fun to bring to classroom learning. This teaching method allows students to engage more in-class activities, reduces boredom because it creates a learning atmosphere, and increases learning motivation without disturbing the understanding of the material obtained by students.
Implementing a mobile application Quizlet to help Senior High School students learn vocabulary
Authors: Prayogi Alesandro Woisela , Wulandari Mega
Published: June 2021

This study analyzed how Quizlet, a digital vocabulary learning platform, was implemented in helping students learn vocabulary and how students perceive the application. There were 13 high school students of a private school in Yogyakarta who took part in this study. The vocabulary studied were taken from the students' course book which was on the level B2 of CEFR. This research employed CAR (Classroom Action Research) as its methodology. The findings of this research suggested that the students were engaged when using Quizlet during the class activity. The mean score of Perceived Usefulness is very high (M= 4.03, SD= 0.86) and Perceived Ease of Use is also very high (M=4.38, SD= 0.75). This indicated that students had favorable views towards the application. The data acquired from the interview also indicated that Quizlet was a practical and easy-to-use learning platform. The application was a one-stop vocabulary learning platform. Moreover, it utilized cutting-edge technology in learning and the application was practical and easy to use. Based on the results mentioned, the researchers strongly recommend that teachers start using Quizlet to help their students learn vocabulary.
“Success is in your hand”: Digital literacy to support students’ autonomous learning in speaking class
Authors: Saraswati Girindra Putri Dewi , Areni Galuh Kirana Dwi , Anellysha Destya
Published: June 2021

The expected objectives of the results of this study are to obtain a concrete picture of students 'digital literacy mastery in the Transactional Conversation course and to find out the effect of students' digital literacy mastery on the quality of autonomous learning in the Transactional Conversation course. In particular, this study will examine theories on digital literacy and autonomous learning in the Transactional Conversation course. The approach to be applied in this research is interdisciplinary using qualitative methods. The research design used is a case study. The technique of collecting data uses participatory observation techniques, interviews, and document studies. The data validity technique used triangulation, which mainly consisted of source data triangulation, methodological triangulation, and theory triangulation. The results show that there is a relationship between digital literacy mastery and the quality of autonomous learning. The role of the lecturer as a facilitator invites students to have the courage to evaluate the quality of their own learning.
Biología y medicina reduccionistas: Una reflexión sobre sus raíces epistemológicas y sus limitaciones
Authors: Muñoz Rubio Julio
Published: June 2021

La masiva inoculación de vacunas preventivas del COVID es el más reciente acontecimiento en el que las empresas farmacéuticas y la ciencia médica dependiente de ellas imponen su visión de lo que deben ser los tratamientos preventivos. Estos han estado históricamente basados en una concepción reduccionista y mecanicista del cuerpo humano y de los procesos de la vida, que está siendo crecientemente cuestionada en favor de concepciones más integrativas, relacionales y de la totalidad en el mundo vivo. Sin menospreciar los logros que aquella concepción médica ha tenido, sí se considera indispensable aprovechar la situación sanitaria mundial presente para abrir una reflexión crítica sobre los fundamentos metodológicos de la medicina hegemónica; exhibir tanto sus aciertos como sus limitaciones y dirigir estos esfuerzos a la construcción de una medicina ontológico-epistémicamente plural y despojada de su dependencia de los grandes consorcios farmacéuticos.
Optimization of ethanol fermentation from fruit and vegetable waste by Plackett-Burman and orthogonal experimental design
Authors: Ma Hongzhi , Li Huiyu , Gang Jiao , Wang Qunhui
Published: June 2021

To realize resource technology from fruit and vegetable waste, a Plackett-Burman (P-B) experiment combined with an orthogonal experimental design were adopted for the optimization of ethanol fermentation from this waste. By using the 12-factor P-B design, it was determined that the significant factors were KH2PO4, cellulase, and yeast extract. The orthogonal experimental design with the ethanol fermentation and reducing sugar as indices showed that the optimum conditions were KH2PO4, cellulase, and yeast extract concentrations of 0.3 g/L, 90 U/mL, and 10 g/L, respectively. Ethanol fermentation from fruit and vegetable waste has provided a feasible application for this waste.
Quatro décadas de uma perspectiva interseccional das forças feministas
Authors: Ribas Yasmim Carina Bastos Ribas , Moreira Giorgia Galvan
Published: June 2021

A presente resenha faz uma síntese crítica entre o livro Mulheres, Raça e Classe, obra de Angela Davis, e o livro de Nancy Frazer, Tithi Bhattacharya e Cinzia Arruzza, Feminismo para os 99%: um manifesto. Tanto uma quanto as outras defendem a união vital entre feminismo e antirracismo na luta contra as desigualdades sociais e econômicas inerentes ao sistema capitalista, que segundo as autoras é o sistema que legitima diversas esferas da exploração, perpetuando-as. Desse modo, na intenção de pensar possibilidades de integração entre as múltiplas formas de ser mulher, recupera-se uma perspectiva interseccional encabeçada por essas leituras. Com quase quarenta anos de diferença entre um livro e outro, revela-se o caráter ainda vigente das opressões e das lutas, em especial, a dinâmica interseccional da reprodução social no sistema capitalista.
Conectando intimidade e economia através das obras de Viviana Zelizer
Authors: Milanês Renata Bezerra
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo oferecer uma síntese do pensamento da socióloga argentina Viviana Zelizer e das suas contribuições sobre o significado cultural e moral da economia. Através de um diálogo com suas obras, o texto trazido aqui busca demonstrar como as relações econômicas são constantemente moldadas pelos sistemas de significados atribuídos pelas pessoas e pelos contatos sociais que elas estabelecem no intercurso da vida cotidiana. O artigo busca demonstrar como as relações íntimas e os afetos se conectam com as transações econômicas. Para tanto, a autora nos oferece uma contraposição ao esquema teórico convencional da economia clássica e neoclássica, segundo o qual, o mercado afeta de maneira altamente prejudicial a solidariedade e as relações pessoais. Dessa forma, ao superar a oposição entre intimidade e economia, a análise dos mundos conectados de Zelizer, nos oferece uma alternativa para pensar sobre a dinâmica da vida social, não apenas pelo viés das instituições, das organizações, dos valores e da racionalidade, mas sim, a partir do seu enraizamento e da sua relação com os aspectos sociais, culturais e afetivos que permeiam a vida dos indivíduos.
The effect of borate bioactive glass on the printability of methylcellulose-manuka honey hydrogels
Authors: Schuhladen Katharina , Bednarzig Vera , Rembold Nadine , Boccaccini Aldo R.
Published: June 2021

3D printing offers the possibility to generate complex and individualized constructs (scaffolds) for applications in tissue engineering. This is viable by using suitable inks based on advanced biomaterials. Methylcellulose (MC), a highly biocompatible biomaterial, can be combined with manuka honey (H) to fabricate a thermo-sensitive hydrogel. Besides providing favorable biological effects, H can also be used as a natural cross-linking agent. Furthermore, the addition of bioactive glass (BG) to the ink could improve its mechanical and bioactive properties. In this study, a composite based on MC as matrix incorporating H and particulate borate BG as filler, was investigated as ink for 3D printing. Besides the improvement of the inks’ printability owing to the addition of BG, the printed scaffolds exhibited suitable swelling behavior and mechanical properties. Moreover, cell biology tests demonstrated the potential of the composite for biofabrication and applications in tissue engineering, which should be further explored.

Graphic abstract
Performance monitoring of different types of photovoltaic cells
Authors: Turna Inal Begum , Er Zuhal
Published: June 2021

Scientific and technological developments make major changes in the energy sector for both generating energies from sustainable energy sources and monitoring of energy systems in ways that are more efficient. The main purpose of this study is to measure experimental data such as temperature, current and voltage by way of a sensor-based microcontroller device. Ergo, Arduino Uno is used for an ATmega328 microcontroller, voltage and current sensors are used to receive electric data that solar cells convert from solar radiation and a temperature and humidity sensor is used to collect weather data. The air temperature and solar radiation values have been taken from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. To store data, a secure digital memory card module (SD) is used. The performance evaluation of different types of photovoltaic cells, which are monocrystalline and polycrystalline cells, is aimed at in this study. To harvest energy, four similar monocrystalline and four similar polycrystalline cells are used. Monitoring the performance of each solar cell is the other objective of this study. Results of the performance of different types of solar cells are as expected, the starting point for further studies both for monitoring and for evaluating the performance of solar cells and sensor-based devices.
Heat pipe thermoelectric ice machine design: for water and energy saving
Authors: Yavuz Abdullah Hakan , Omer Gunay
Published: June 2021

In this study, a thermoelectric ice machine (TEIM) with a heat pipe was designed to save water and energy in ice making. Traditional ice machines have a long ice-making time. That is why they make ice and expend energy to maintain the ice form. Since the ice made is hand-harvested, it is likely to be contaminated. The proposed system saves energy by making ice fast when needed and saves water by making ice as needed. The ice machine was designed to freeze water in the icebox with direct thermal contact with the thermoelectric (TE) cooling unit. The cooling unit contains a TE module placed between the icebox and the heat-transfer system with a dual-fan heat pipe. Despite its low efficiency, the system has advantages such as compactness, portability, environmental friendliness and low maintenance requirements. The system turns 10 g of water into ice in 5 min by spending 0.025 kWh of power and harvests the ice automatically. It is possible to make 2880 g of ice per day using the TEIM. An important advantage of the system is that it harvests the ice automatically; therefore, it does not cause contamination.
El cambio en la organización hospitalaria: Una comprensión desde el neoinstitucionalismo sociológico
Authors: Suárez-Pineda Marlén , Urbiola-Solís Alejandra-Elizabeth , Suárez-Pineda Luri
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: El propósito fundamental de este artículo se basó en explicar desde una perspectiva interpretativa, el fenómeno del cambio organizacional, motivado por cambios en las racionalidades del entorno, asociadas al nuevo papel del Estado y a la emergencia de nuevos actores en la economía de mercado. Método: Esta investigación es de enfoque cualitativo con carácter fenomenológico, utilizando el método de estudio de caso para aproximarse a la realidad de un hospital público de mediana complejidad en Colombia. Las técnicas para la recolección de datos fueron entrevista semiestructurada, Focus Group, observación no participante y análisis documental. Resultados y discusión: Se encontró que los cambios en la estructura organizacional, las prácticas de gestión de los servicios y los esquemas de significación de los sujetos en el hospital, están mediados por preceptos institucionalizados en el campo de la salud. No obstante, el hospital concentra su atención en alinearse con los arreglos institucionalizados en el campo de la salud, con ello logra legitimidad y permanencia, pero se distancia de la misión. Conclusión: Siguiendo las lógicas del mercado, el hospital implementa políticas, estructuras y discursos mitificados como la ruta hacia la calidad y la eficiencia, entre tanto, el personal responsable de la misión elabora significados contradictorios. Se hallan evidencias empíricas para los postulados fundacionales del neoinstitucionalismo sociológico.
De narrativas de la violencia a narrativas del perdón: aproximación desde crónicas periodísticas Colombianas
Authors: Vasquez Santamaria Jorge Eduardo , Alzate Alzate Natalia Andrea
Published: June 2021

Tras años de conflicto armado interno en Colombia, con la asunción de la palabra que configura el perdón entre víctimas y victimarios, se abre camino a una nueva contribución para la reconciliación y la construcción de la paz. Desde la pregunta ¿Cómo se ha configurado el perdón a partir de los géneros literarios dentro del conflicto armado interno en Colombia (1948-2016)?, estas páginas reúnen hallazgos a partir de la crónica periodística como expresión literaria. Para su abordaje se empleó un diseño metodológico cualitativo, con enfoque histórico hermenéutico e investigación documental, desde el cual inicialmente se transita a través de una reflexión sobre la narración de la violencia, luego se da paso a una construcción reflexiva del perdón, y finalmente, se aprehenden narrativas que sobre él han sido registradas en las distintas columnas de la crónica periodística con el propósito de comprender las configuraciones que ha tenido a través de este género literario.
Política criminal contra el hurto en Colombia 2016-2020
Authors: Ibarra Padilla Adelaida María , Martínez Martínez Gloria Cristina , Mena Bermúdez Esquid Bernardo
Published: June 2021

El hurto figura entre los comportamientos delictivos que más afectan los bienes particulares y que mayor incidencia tiene en la precepción de inseguridad ciudadana. La política criminal estatal ha resultado ineficaz en su labor de reducir este delito y garantizar la protección de los bienes de sus habitantes, conforme al mandato constitucional y, por el contrario, se observa una tendencia al alza. Esta situación revela la necesidad de establecer las diferentes causas que lo generan y las políticas públicas que se vienen implementando para la garantía del patrimonio económico. Para ello, este estudio analiza desde una perspectiva criminológica el abordaje del tema en el país y su conformidad con las garantías y derechos fundamentales de los infractores. Se concluye que la política criminal en esta materia ha sido principalmente represiva, aunque en los últimos años se observa un incremento en las medidas jurídicas y sociales de carácter preventivo e integral.
Principios tradicionales del derecho internacional privado con relación a contratos y/o comercio electrónico: caso Unión Europea - Colombia
Authors: Peña Orozco Carlos , Chamorro Buelvas Angie
Published: June 2021

En el siguiente artículo, que es producto de una rigurosa revisión documental especializada, se aborda el tema de la solución de conflictos en los contratos electrónicos y cómo se aplica en el derecho comercial internacional, a fin de determinar si efectivamente el uso de los principios tradicionales del Derecho Internacional Privado permite resolver dichos conflictos. En el texto se desarrollan los conceptos de contrato electrónico, contrato inteligente, perfeccionamiento de un contrato electrónico, el impacto que ha tenido en el Derecho, la normatividad que los regula y, finalmente, un ejercicio de derecho comparado entre Colombia y la Unión Europea a fin construir reflexiones de cierre que en lugar de poseer carácter concluyente sugieran futuras líneas de desarrollo e investigación.
Dithakga Tša Gobala: A Collaborative Book Creation Project
Authors: Ηaese Adrle , Costandlus Elmarle
Published: June 2021

A 2018 survey (Statistics South Africa, n.d.) reported that almost half of South African children aged four years had never read a book with their parents. In light of the current literacy crisis that South Africa is experiencing, providing appropriate materials to encourage and aid reading and storytelling activities is increasingly important but remains a challenge. Wordless picturebooks are an under researched literary genre in the South African context but, we argue, they can be used to spark a culture and love of reading because they can be enjoyed by readers of various backgrounds, language preferences, and literacy levels. Using participative research, the Dithakga Tsa Gobala project investigated whether and how the development of wordless picturebooks in local communities could help parents engage in cognitively stimulating activities such as shared reading and storytelling. Stories sourced from two communities were used to create a series of wordless picturebooks that were then circulated in the communities. Initial results indicated that not only did the project have a positive impact on the participants' self-concept and their relationship with reading, but that the books were also positively received by the wider community. Results indicated that the books were easy to use, created positive parent-child experiences, encouraged imagination, and that the content of the books was relatable. Challenges that arose included issues of authorship and misunderstandings between authors and illustrators. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that wordless picturebooks are a valuable genre in the South African reading landscape and that a participatory model for creating relevant, local content for reading is not only viable but also beneficial for communities and other stakeholders.
Developing a supervisor identity through experiential learning: Narratives of three novice academics working in a South African University
Authors: Blose Sibonelo , Msiza Vusi , Chiororo Freedom
Published: June 2021

One of the critical tasks of academics in any research-intensive university is the supervision of postgraduate students. Given the central role of this activity, how novice academics learn to supervise is significant. In this paper, we present our narratives as novice academics, and we focus on our learning of the supervision role. We drew from experiential learning and role identity theories to frame our understanding of this process. Using a narrative inquiry methodology, we shared and examined our narratives of lived experiences as novice supervisors. Upon examining our narratives, we identified four sources of learning that were significant in developing our supervisor identity: our current or previous supervisors; senior colleagues; meaningful corridor talks; and the practice of reflexivity. We recommend that institutions of higher learning pay added attention to the development of novice supervisors. Although structured programmes are significant, other learning avenues need to be explored to assist novice supervisors to develop a supervisor identity.
EBU'L-MUÎN EN-NESEFÎ'NİN AHVÂL TEORİSİNE YÖNELİK ELEŞTİRİLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: TAŞCI Kerem
Published: June 2021

Allah zatını Kur’an-ı Kerim’de birçok farklı sıfatla nitelemektedir. Allah’ın insanlar tarafından algılanabilmesi de bu sıfatlar vasıtasıyla mümkün olmaktadır. Allah’ın sıfatları konusu, İslâm’ın ilk dönemlerinden itibaren tartışılmaya başlanmış meselelerden birisidir. Kader, irade, Kur’an’ın yaratılmışlığı, antropomorfist ilah tasavvuru gibi birçok farklı konuyla irtibatlı olan sıfatlar konusu temelde, manevî sıfat olarak adlandırılan bir takım sıfatların, Allah’ın zatı haricinde herhangi bir mevcudiyetlerinin bulunup bulunmadığı etrafında tartışılmaktadır. Bu tartışma daha çok, İslâm kelâmının ilk temsilcisi olan Mu’tezile ile Ehl-i Sünnet mezhepleri arasında cereyan etmektedir. Mu’tezile’nin teşekkülünden itibaren sahip olduğu temel sıfat görüşü, sıfatların Allah’ın zatında mündemiç olduğu görüşüdür. Mu’tezile’nin sıfatların tamamen zat ile aynileştirildiği söz konusu sıfat görüşü, mezhebin müteahhir temsilcilerinin önde gelenlerinden biri olan Ebû Hâşim el-Cübbâî tarafından kusurlu kabul edilmiştir. Bu sebeple kendisi ahvâl teorisi adında yeni bir teori ortaya atmıştır. Hem Mu’tezile’nin temel sıfat görüşü hem de ahvâl teorisi, Ehl-i Sünnet tarafından kıyasıya eleştirilmiştir. Ahvâl teorisini geniş çaplı bir şekilde eleştirenlerden biri de Ebu’l-Muîn en-Nesefî’dir. Ebu’l-Muîn en-Nesefî, Ehl-i Sünnet itikâdî mezheplerinden biri olan Mâtürîdîliğin en önde gelen âlimlerinden biridir. Hatta onun, Mâtürîdîliğin kurucusu olan Ebû Mansur el-Mâtürîdî’nin görüşlerini sistematik bir şekle sokarak anlaşılır kılması ve savunması dolayısıyla mezhebin teşekkülünü sağlayan kişi olduğunu söylemek yanlış olmayacaktır. Nesefî ahvâl teorisini en kapsamlı şekilde muhalled eseri Tebsıratü’l-Edille’de ele almaktadır. Bu sebeple bu eser esas alınmak suretiyle onun, ahvâl teorisini hangi argümanlarla ve ne şekilde eleştirdiği ele alınacak ve bu eleştiriler akli ve ilmi açıdan değerlendirilecektir.
Modified Moore Swab Method for Microbiological Surface Waters Sampling v1
Authors: Delgado Enrique
Published: June 2021

This protocol describes the use of modified Moore swabs to collect surface water samples for microbiological analysis.
Equilibrium Charge Distribution in a Finite Chain with a Trapping Site
Authors: Fialko N.S. , Olshevets M.M. , Lakhno V.D.
Published: June 2021

The paper considers the problem of the distribution of a quantum particle in a classical one-dimensional lattice with a potential well. The cases of a rigid chain, a Holstein polaron model, and a polaron in a chain with temperature are investigated by direct modeling at fixed parameters. As is known, in the one-dimensional case, a particle is captured by an arbitrarily shallow potential well with an increase of the box size. In the case of a finite chain and finite temperatures, we have quite the opposite result, when a particle, being captured in a well in a short chain, turns into delocalized state with an increase in the chain length. These results may be helpful for further understanding of charge transfer in DNA, where oxoguanine can be considered as a potential well in the case of hole transfer when for excess electron transfer it is thymine dimer.
AISI 1040 ÇELİĞİNİN İŞLENEBİLİRLİĞİ SIRASINDA OLUŞAN YÜZEY PÜRÜZLÜLÜĞÜ DEĞERLERİNİN FARKLI TAHMİN MODELLERİ İLE ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: AKKUŞ Harun
Published: June 2021

Bu araştırmada, 45 HRc sertlik değerine sahip AISI 1040 çeliği torna tezgahında işlenmiştir. Kesme hızı, ilerleme ve talaş derinliği parametreleri üçer seviye olarak belirlenmiştir. Deney listesi Taguchi L9 ortagonal dizilim ile oluşturulmuştur. Deneyler CNC kontrollü tornada gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tornalama işlemi sonunda ortalama yüzey pürüzlülüğü (Ra), off-line olarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen Ra değerleri Taguchi, çoklu regresyon modeli, yapay sinir ağı ve bulanık mantık ile modellenmiştir. Bu modeller arasındaki yüzdesel fark belirlenmiştir. Taguchi yaklaşık %86,27, çoklu regresyon modeli yaklaşık %85,85, yapay sinir ağı yaklaşık %78,92 ve bulanık mantık yaklaşık %93,86 doğrulukla test sonuçlarını tahmin etmiştir.
Major predictive risk factors for cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients (Clinical trials)
Authors: Anisenkova Anna Yu. , Apalko Svetlana V. , Asaulenko Zakhar P. , Bogdanov Aleksandr N. , Vologzhanin Dmitriy A. , Garbuzov Evgenii Yu. , Golota Aleksandr S. , Kamilova Tatyana A. , Klitsenko Olga A. , Minina Evdokiya M. , Mosenko Sergey V. , Urazov Stanislav P. , Khobotnikov Dmitriy N. , Sherbak Sergey G.
Published: June 2021

AIM: Searching for predictors of cytokine storm in patients with COVID-19 and creating a risk scale for this complication for practical implementation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 458 patients with confirmed COVID-19 with signs of viral lung lesion according to computer tomography. The patients were divided into 2 groups: with a stable course of moderate severity (100 patients) and with progressive moderate, severe and extremely severe course (358 patients).
RESULTS: It has been established that the main risk factors for the development of cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients are interleukin-6 concentration 23 pg/ml, the dynamics of the index according to the NEWS scale 0, ferritin concentration 485 ng/ml, D-dimers 2,1, C-reactive protein 50 mg/l, the number of lymphocytes in the blood 0,72 ∙ 109/l, age 40 years. Cytokine storm incidence correlates with an increase in the number of risk factors. For practical use the scale is applied in 3 groups. In the patients of the first group (0-1 factor) almost no cytokine storm risk was detected, in the second group (2-3 factors) the probability of a storm was 55 % (increased by 35.5 times), in the third group (4 risk factors) reaches 96 % (increased by 718 times).
CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic and monitoring criteria of cytokine storm in the patients with COVID-19 were established. The developed prognostic scale allows to identify patients at high risk of developing cytokine storm for early anti-inflammatory therapy.
Therapeutic potential of the stromal vascular fraction in COVID-19
Authors: Pavlov Valentin N. , Kazikhinurov Albert A. , Kazikhinurov Rustem A. , Agaverdiyev Murad A. , Gareev Ilgiz F. , Beylerli Ozal A. , Mazorov Bakhodur Z.
Published: June 2021

The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is already known to cause serious respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia and lung failure. COVID-19 has caused catastrophic damage to the public health, economic and social stability. As COVID-19 has resulted in enormous human toll and serious economic loss that poses a global threat, urgent understanding of the current situation and the development of strategies to mitigate the spread of the virus is required. Today, many studies are being carried out around the world to study the pathogenesis of COVID-19, where the development of a cytokine storm or pulmonary fibrosis is a serious complication that can lead to unfavorable outcomes. This leads to the fact that a deeper understanding of the nature of the virus will allow to develop new approaches in pathogenetic therapy. In this regard, the stromal vascular fraction has tremendous therapeutic potential in COVID-19. Stromal vascular fraction provides anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and promotes the restoration and regeneration of damaged tissues. The availability, the ability to obtain a significant volume of viable cells of the stromal vascular fraction population, such as adipose tissue stem / stromal cells, as well as their use by the intravenous route, has proven safe and effective in other forms of lung disease, including fibrotic diseases. In other words, the goal of this therapy for COVID-19 is to eliminate the inflammatory process, restore trophic and regenerate damaged tissues, and remodel fibrous and connective tissue. However, stromal vascular fraction is not currently approved for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 cases. However, clinical trials are ongoing to ensure maximum understanding in terms of efficacy and safety. In this paper, we will discuss this new approach to the use of stromal vascular fraction therapy, which serves as a ray of hope in the fight against severe forms of COVID-19
Battery of tests for studying the adaptogenic effects of biologically active substances in preclinical trials
Authors: Shustov Evgeny B. , Okovityi Sergey V. , Bolotova Vera Ts. , Kim Alexey E.
Published: June 2021

Based on the materials of the article, the authors offer researchers of the problems of adaptation and the study of specific adaptogenic activity standardized approaches to biomedical (preclinical) research of new biologically active substances, ensuring their comparability. The analysis of modern views on adaptation processes, as an increase in nonspecific resistance to adaptive effects, and the properties of known adaptogens is carried out. It has been shown that adaptogenic action can be realized through the involvement of several regulatory pathways, such as changes in the activity of neurons and endocrine response in response to adverse effects, interaction with cell receptors and modulation of their sensitivity to endogenous regulators, changes in the composition of cell membranes, structure of the cytoskeleton, activities of enzyme complexes, epigenomic regulation, antioxidant and antiradical activity. A grouping of methods for the experimental study of adaptogens is proposed on the basis of their compliance with the definition of this pharmacological class and the requirements of evidence-based medicine. The groups of methods aimed at increasing the rate and stability of the formation of a state of increased resistance to adverse influences, reparative-restorative processes, nonspecific resistance, psychoactivating and neuroplastic effects, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects were identified. Specific schemes of adaptive influences and criteria for assessing adaptogenic activity are proposed on the basis of comparing the results obtained with the effects of reference adaptogens. The technology of the integrated assessment of the results of the methods, which are different in their informational significance, has been substantiated.
Empirical Acoustic Source Model for Chemical Explosions in Air
Authors: Kim Keehoon , Rodgers Arthur R. , Garces Milton A. , Myers Stephen C.
Published: June 2021

Chemical explosions generate pressure disturbances in air that radiate as nonlinear shock waves near the source and transition into acoustic waves with distance. Because low-frequency acoustic waves generally travel large distances without significant loss of energy, they are often used for explosion monitoring and yield estimation. However, quantitative relationships between acoustic energy and explosion yields are required for accurate yield estimation. Here, we develop an empirical acoustic source model for chemical explosions from experimental data. The empirical model returns the acoustic pressure waveform for the detonation of 1 kg of trinitrotoluene, which is conventionally used to represent the explosive release of 4.184 MJ of explosion energy. The full-waveform model can be used to predict acoustic signals for an arbitrary yield of a high-explosive detonation based on the standard scaling law and to estimate acoustic energies in a specific frequency range. We evaluate the accuracy of the acoustic source model independently by estimating the yield of other explosive events that are not included in the model development. Statistical characteristics of the model and their implications for the uncertainty quantification of estimated yields are discussed.
Cuando los hombres fuertes lloran de Carmen Delia de Suárez, relectura de una novela salvadoreña olvidada
Authors: Torres-Recinos Julio
Published: June 2021

Cuando los hombres fuertes lloran (1976), novela de la escritora salvadoreña Carmen Delia de Suárez, por diversas razones, ha permanecido olvidada por más de cuarenta años a pesar de la importancia de su temática. La novela no tuvo buena recepción por parte de los sectores políticos de derecha e izquierda, puesto que ninguno de ellos estaba de acuerdo con las ideas presentadas en ella. La izquierda no iba a estar de acuerdo con las tesis idealistas sobre el cambio social que la novela propone. La derecha no iba a aceptar su denuncia de los sistemas dictatoriales como algo nocivo para los pueblos y que había que eliminar. La novela dramatiza el dolor que una dictadura causa a las personas que se oponen a ella. Es hora de volver a leer la novela y valorar su aporte a la novelística para situarla en el canon de la narrativa centroamericana.
Management of developmental disturbances in a 12 year-old child- A multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Javed Faraha , K Jindal M , Yunus Khan Saima , S Sharma Divya
Published: June 2021

Manifestation of developmental disturbances of the teeth can be in the form of variations in number, position, size, shape, eruption or structure. Such disturbances may be independent or associated with more generalised disorders. The form and structure of the teeth may be affected by local and general factors. This paper is a report of a 12-year-old girl with missing both permanent mandibular central incisors along with permanent maxillary right central incisor. Past history revealed trauma 5 years back due to fall from height. Radiographic examination revealed congenitally missing permanent mandibular left and right central incisors and dilacerated permanent maxillary right central incisor. A multidisciplinary approach has been presented for management of such cases.
Retos y desafíos en cadenas de suministro en Republica Dominicana por efecto del COVID-19
Authors: Del Viejo Juan , García Ramón , Rodriguez Porcel Manuel , Rojas Alejandro , Villa Martínez José Luis
Published: June 2021

Este documento hace parte de una serie de iniciativas impulsadas por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) para aportar herramientas e instrumentos que le sirvan al sector logístico de República Dominicana (RD) a la definición de estrategias de resiliencia ante las consecuencias económicas que sufrió el sector por cuenta de la emergencia de salud que se vive a nivel mundial por el COVID-19. La propagación de la pandemia, obligó a las autoridades a tomar una serie de medidas que provocaron en República Dominicana una caída drástica del turismo por la falta de vuelos comerciales, así como una disminución en la demanda de productos no esenciales y esenciales que antes eran demandados en gran proporción por este sector. A lo anterior se sumaron situaciones específicas que impactaron el normal comportamiento de las cadenas de suministro, como: la interrupción de las exportaciones que empleaban los vuelos comerciales; los retrasos en las gestiones aduaneras; el aprovisionamiento masivo por la población de elementos de protección personal para evitar el contagio; el desabastecimiento inicial y la subida del precio del material sanitario de protección individual; el cambio de hábitos de comportamiento para evitar el contacto físico, directo o indirecto, con otras personas; el incremento del comercio online, tanto nacional como internacional; la suspensión de empleos por la falta de actividad en muchos sectores, especialmente en los no esenciales; y en general la caída de la actividad económica. Ante esta situación, en este documento se presenta una diagramación de las principales cadenas de suministro de productos esenciales, en estado de normalidad, identificando actores, tiempos y costos; de tal forma que sirvan al estado dominicano como insumo para la definición de estrategias de seguridad nacional, ante situaciones como las vividas con la pandemia.
A Novel Chimeric Antigen as a Vaccine Candidate against Leishmania major: In silico Analysis
Authors: Bavarsad Ahmadpour Niloofar , Dalimi Abdolhossein , Pirestani Majid , Sadraei Javid
Published: June 2021

Background: Leishmania is a mandatory intracellular pathogen and causing neglected disease. Hence, protection against leishmaniasis by a development vaccine is an important subject. This study aimed to design a poly-epitope vaccine for cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Methods: The present study was conducted in the Parasitology Department of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran during 2017-2019. Several bioinformatics methods at online servers were used for prediction of different aspects of polyepitope, including, physico-chemical attributes, allergenicity, antigenicity, secondary and tertiary structures, B-cell, T-cell and MHC (I, II) potential epitopes of LACK, LEIF, GP63 and SMT antigens of L. major.
Results: After designing the construct (GLSL), the outputs of PTM sites demonstrated that the poly-epitope had 57 potential sites for phosphorylation. Furthermore, the secondary of GLSL structure includes 59.42%, 20.94% and 19.63% for random coil, extended strand and alpha-helix, respectively. The GLSL is an immunogenic protein with an acceptable antigenicity (0.8410) and non-allergen. Afterward, 20 potential epitopes of LACK, LEIF, GP63 and SMT antigens were linked by a flexible linker (SAPGTP), then was synthesized, and sub-cloned in pLEXY– neo2. The results were confirmed the expression of 38.7 kDa poly-epitope in secretory and cytosolic sites, separately.
Conclusion: A good expression in the L. tarentulae and confirmation of the GLSL poly-epitope could be a basis for developing a vaccine candidate against leishmaniasis that should be confirmed via experimental tests in BALB/c mice.
Molecular Epidemiologic Study of Male Trichomoniasis in Ham-adan, Western Iran
Authors: Yarizadeh Manizheh , Taherkhani Heshmatollah , Amir-Zargar Mohammad Ali , Matini Mohammad
Published: June 2021

Background: Trichomoniasis, caused by Trichomonas vaginalis protozoan, may lead to clinical or subclinical urethritis or prostatitis in men. Despite the importance of men in the epidemiology of trichomoniasis, there is little information about this topic. This epidemiological study was performed on men in Hamedan, western Iran.
Methods: During Oct 2018 to Mar 2019, 214 male individuals, presenting to the Urology Clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan, were enrolled and evaluated for trichomoniasis. First-voided urine specimen was used for detection of T. vaginalis infection using molecular and parasitological methods.
Results: Trichomoniasis was detected in 10 of 214 male participants (4.7%, 95% CI: 7.5-1.8%) using PCR assay. Culture and wet mount preparation of urine sediment were unable to isolates any T. vaginalis parasite. Nine of the 10 infected men were married, and six of them were ≥49 yr of age. Urinary frequency and dysuria were the most complaints (80%) among infected individuals.
Conclusion: Given the notable prevalence of the infection, the prevalence of male trichomoniasis will be underestimated if only conventional diagnostic methods are used. Therefore, the risk of infection as well as the molecular survey of T. vaginalis infection should be considered in men with or without clinical symptoms.
Misrepresentation of a Visceral Schistosomiasis Report in an Iranian Young Male: Observance of Publishing Conduct in Writing Scientific Articles
Authors: Haghighi Leila , Akbaribazm Mohsen , Rahimi Mohsen , Eftekharian Shahriar
Published: June 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Occurrence of Massively Enlarged Multiple Hydatid Cysts in the Lung and Liver of a Pediatric Patient in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Huma , Zahoor Sarmad , Afzal Muhammad Sohail , Khan Aisha , Kaleem Imdad , Shah Naseer Ali , Harandi Majid Fasihi , Ahmed Haroon
Published: June 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
IS MULTIPLE BORROWING A BAD SIGN? EVIDENCE FROM MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Iqbal Zahid , Akram Muhammad , Ahmad Hassan
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To improve the loan repayment performance of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Pakistan, this research not only analyses the direct effect of multiple borrowing on loan repayment performance but also determining the indirect impact of multiple borrowing on loan repayment performance through the mediating role of over-indebtedness and moderate role of moral hazard between over-indebtedness and loan repayment performance.

Design/methodology/approach: This study is based on a rich dataset comprised of information provided by the employees of MFIs working in Pakistan. The primary data were collected through the structural questionnaire, reliability and validity of construct were established in the light of different techniques including (1) Factor Loading (2) Cronbach’s Alpha (3) Composite Reliability (4) Average Variance Extracted (5) Variance Inflation Factor (6) Fornell-Larcker Criterion and (7) HTMT Ratio. Moreover, structural equation modeling techniques were applied in this study and, hypotheses were tested through bootstrapping by using PLS-SEM.

Findings: The results confirm not the only direct impact of multiple borrowing on loan repayment performance and over-indebtedness but also mediating role of over-indebtedness between multiple borrowing and loan repayment performances. Aside from the direct influence of over-indebtedness on loan repayment performance, the moderate role of moral hazard on the association between over-indebtedness and loan payback was also found.

Application of the Study: The findings of this study will be communicated with all Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in the future so that policies may be developed to address the factors that negatively affect the loan repayment performance of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs). Besides this, the outcomes of this study will also enable the MFIs to launch different loaning products that not only fulfill the borrower’s requirements but also ensure the interest of MFIs.

Originality/value: Until now, the impact of multiple borrowing on loan repayment performance through mediating role of over-indebtedness and moderating role of moral hazard in the context of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) of Pakistan have hardly been investigated. This study also enhances the understanding of MFIs regarding multiple borrowing and its subsequent impact on loan repayment performance. Moreover, the findings of this study enable the MFIs of Pakistan to improve their loan repayment performance by formulating the new lending policies in light of the finding of this study with special reference to multiple borrowing.
KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY CONCEPTS AND ROLES IN PERSPECTIVES OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS OF ASIAN AND EUROPEAN STATES
Authors: Ahmad Saghir , Batool Ayesha , Iqbal Sadaf , Shah Manzoor Hussain
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study: The study aimed to identify knowledge economy concepts and roles in perspectives of university teachers of Asian and European States and examine the relationship between knowledge economy concepts and roles of university teachers.

Methodology: This study was quantitative correlation and survey type in nature. The study population was public sector universities teachers of three countries (Pakistan, United Kingdom, and India). Six public universities were included in the population. From population one hundred and eighty teachers selected as a sample of study conveniently.

Main Findings: Teachers agree unanimously that human beings are knowledge capital because they generate new knowledge with innovative ideas and conducting researches in different fields. Humans are the source of producing and placement of knowledge excellently and professionally. There is a strong path relationship r = .8 between knowledge economy concepts of teachers and their roles regarding this. Findings showed that there was a significant difference in teachers’ conceptions of Pakistan and the United Kingdom.

Applications of this study: The teachers may make clear conceptions about the knowledge economy and recognize their roles to produce innovative and skills-oriented human resources and data to strengthen the knowledge-based economy.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The knowledge economy is a new concept itself in this context. University teachers’ of three different countries highlighted concepts and roles about the knowledge economy.