bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USING ANTI-DRUG AIPSIN "THE INFORMATION AND SEARCH SYSTEM" IN THE RESEACH OF NARCOTIC DRUGS
Authors: Лебеденко С.Е.
Published: November 2022

Экспертиза наркотических средств, психотропных веществ и их прекурсоров является одним из важнейших следственных действий при расследовании преступлений в сфере незаконного оборота наркотиков, служит основой для установления самого факта события преступления. Автор рассматривает отдельные существующие на современном этапе проблемы выполнения диагностических экспертиз новых наркотических средств, психотропных веществ и их прекурсоров, в частности, необходимость использования постоянно обновляемых библиотек масс-спектров, а также возможности применения информационно-поисковой системы «АИПСИН АнтиНаркотики 2.0» при производстве указанного вида экспертиз. Особое внимание уделено вопросам идентификации соединений с использованием модулей «Масс-спектральный идентификатор» и «Хромато-масс-спектральный идентификатор». В статье подробно рассматриваются встроенные в данные модули инструменты обработки спектральной и хроматографической информации и параметры исследуемых соединений, которые могут быть определены с их помощью.

The examination of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their pre-cursors is one of the most important investigative actions in the investiga-tion of crimes in the field of illicit drug trafficking, serves as the basis for es-tablishing the very fact of the crime event. The author considers some problems existing at the present stage of performing diagnostic examinations of new narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors, in particular, the need to use constantly updated libraries of mass spectra, as well as the possibility of using the in-formation search system “AIPSIN Anti-Drugs 2.0”in the production of this type of examinations. Particular attention is paid to the identification of compounds using the modules “Mass spectral identifier” and “Chromato-mass spectral identifier”. The article discusses in detail the spectral and chromatographic information processing tools built into these modules and the parameters of the compounds under study that can be determined with their help.
SEPARATE ASPECTS OF ORGANIZING THE INVESTIGATION CRIMES OF EXTREMISM
Authors: Хабинов С.К.
Published: November 2022

В статье на основе анализа правоприменительной практики, действующего законодательства и научных источников исследованы отдельные аспекты организации расследования преступлений, связанных с экстремистской деятельностью. Говоря о раскрытии и расследовании преступлений рассматриваемой категории, автор заостряет внимание на превентивных мерах по недопущению экстремистских проявлений. Отмечено, что необходимо активизировать новые, более эффективные, формы борьбы с экстремистскими проявлениями, в том числе использование специальных знаний в ходе содействия специалистов в различных областях наук. Подчеркнуто, что для обеспечения необходимого уровня эффективности предварительного расследования преступлений исследуемой направленности большое значение имеет подготовка к каждому следственному действию с учетом специфики и процессуальной регламентации его производства. В заключение автором сформулированы цели, задачи и особенности отдельных следственных действий по делам о преступлениях экстремистской направленности.

Based on the analysis of law enforcement practice, current legislation and scientific sources, the article examines certain aspects of the organization of the investigation of crimes related to extremist activity. Speaking about the disclosure and investigation of crimes in this category, the author focuses on preventive measures to prevent extremist manifestations. It was noted that it is necessary to intensify new, more effective forms of combating extremist manifestations, including the use of special knowledge in the course of the assistance of specialists from various fields of science. It is emphasized that in order to ensure the necessary level of effectiveness of the preliminary investigation of crimes of the studied direction, preparation for each investigative action, taking into account the specifics and procedural regulation of their production, is of great importance. In conclusion, the author presents the goals, objectives and features of individual investigative actions in cases of extremist crimes.
Implementation of a Low-Cost Tamper Detection Method for RGB Images
Authors: MACİT Hüseyin Bilal
Published: November 2022

Thanks to the developing technology, a large number of images are transferred on the internet. The vast majority of these images are uploaded to social media platforms and have a low level of privacy. Due to the ease of access to digital images and the fact that the image can be easily tampered with, manipulated images can be used in various forgery and fraud methods. Various algorithms have been proposed in the literature to determine whether the digital image is original or tampered. In this study, the even parity bit method, which is a very simple and low-complex error detection mechanism, is applied to the layer data of 3-layer color images with a steganographic approach and it is aimed to detect tampering in digital images.
Batman İli Şartlarında Enerji Etkin Barınak Tasarımı
Authors: BOYDAK Hazal , BALO Figen
Published: November 2022

Nüfus miktarının artması nedeniyle enerji tüketimi hızlı bir şekilde artmaktadır. Hızlı enerji tüketiminin oluşturduğu çevresel sorunlara yönelik sürdürülebilir ve enerji etkin tasarım yaklaşımları yaygınlaşmaktadır. Binalarda enerji etkin iyileştirme ve enerji etkin tasarım konuları enerji sorunlarının çözümünde ve sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanmasında önemli bir etkendir. Bununla birlikte gelişen bilgisayar modellemeleri ve simülasyon yazılımları ile birlikte mimari tasarımda enerji etkin tasarım planlaması her geçen gün kolaylaştırmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, projelerin tasarım aşamasında enerji etkin tasarım parametrelerinin projeye eklemlenmesi ile enerji tasarrufu sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda öncelikle Bina Bilgi Modelleme (BIM) tabanlı programlar açıklanarak bu programların tasarıma eklemlenmesinin yararları belirtilmiştir. Daha sonra enerji etkin tasarıma yönelik Batman ili iklim şartlarında tasarlanan tavuk çiftliğinin parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen parametreler çiftliğin güney cephesi üzerinden oluşturulmuştur. İlk alternatif olarak güney cephede bimsblok kullanılmıştır. İkinci alternatifte ise güney cephesinde trombe duvar uygulaması 5 cm havalandırma boşluğu ile kullanılmıştır. Üçüncü, dördüncü ve beşinci alternatifler sırasıyla trombe duvarın 10, 15 ve 20 cm havalandırma boşluğu ile oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan 5 alternatife içten yalıtımlı olarak XPS (ekstrude polistren köpük) yalıtım malzemesinin eklenmesiyle 10 adet alternatif oluşturulmuştur. Tasarlanan tavuk çiftliği Autodesk Revit 2021 programında modellenerek bina enerji modeli oluşturulmuştur. On alternatifin her biri için oluşturulan bina enerji modelleri, gbXML dosyası olarak kaydedilmiştir. Daha sonra kaydedilen dosyaların Autodesk Green Building Studio ile enerji analizleri yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuç bölümünde her bir alternatif için belirlenen ısıtma, soğutma ve toplam enerji tüketim miktarları değerlendirilmiştir. Batman ili iklim şartları için yapılan karşılaştırmada optimum koşullar sağlayan alternatifler belirlenmiştir.
Acıpayam İlçesinde Milli Eğitime Bağlı Okullarda Çalışan Öğretmenlerde Gürültü Algısı ve Gürültünün Dikkat Dağınıklığı Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: AYGÜN Hatice , YILDIRIM Belgin , ÇAKIR Orhan
Published: November 2022

Gürültü duymak istenilen seslere karışan istenmeyen seslerdir. Gürültü kirliliği ise; duyulmasını istediğimiz iletilerin işitilmesini ve algılanmasını engelleyerek kişide rahatsızlık duygusu uyandıran ve konsantrasyonunu bozan fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığa olumsuz etkileri olan ortamda bulunan şiddet ve frekansı çok fazla olan seslerdir. Yapılan araştırmalarda gürültünün insanlar üzerinde fiziksel, fizyolojik, performans ve psikolojik yönden olumsuz etkileri olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Gürültünün insanlar üzerindeki fiziksel etkilerine bakıldığında, gürültüden etkilenme derecesine bağlı olarak insan vücudunda çeşitli değişimler gözlenmektedir. Aynı zamanda gürültü, dikkat gerektiren konularda, iletişim, hafıza ve öğrenmeyi olumsuz etkileyen etmendir. İletişim etkinliğinin ölçütü, iletişim sürecinde hedef kitleye veya alıcıya yöneltilen bildirimdir. İletişim sürecinde bireylerin doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak sözlü veya sözsüz gözlemlenen her bir hareketi davranıştır ve davranış öğrenmenin amacıdır. Öğrenme aynı zamanda davranış değişikliğidir. Toplumun geleceğini yönlendirecek nesilleri eğiten öğretmenlerin, bilgi ve teknoloji üretimi yapan eğitim kurumlarının dersliklerinde, gürültünün ne derecede sınıf ortamını etkilediği, gürültülü sınıf ortamındaki öğretmenlerde dikkat dağınıklığı olup olmadığı ve gürültü algılarının belirlenmesi araştırılmıştır.
A Novel Rotor Type Wave Energy Converter Design for Maximum Energy Captured in Low Wave Heights
Authors: KARAKÖSE Perihan , KOCA Ahmet
Published: November 2022

Wave energy converter system (WEC) is generally used by obtaining of electrical energy. Maximise power capture is needed a range of sea-states. Continuity is improved to control of power take off. But wave energy have o lower force and a higher speed in onhore. Therfore, this paper is investigated the novel rotor type wave energy converter performance in this wave suitable conditional. The performance of this system is tested in laboratory condiotions.This aim of design is maximum power absorption from low wave height of waves. Results show that the higher wave height has caused the efficiency to decrease in all periods. The highest efficiency is obtained at a minimum wave height of 2 cm. At this wave height, the efficiency has reached its highest value when the period is 5 s (20.3%). In this case, it makes this prototype suitable for seas with low wave height and high wave period.
Türkiye’de Tıp Fakültelerinin Akademik ve Eğitsel Yapılarına Yönelik Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: FİLİZ Mustafa
Published: November 2022

Bu çalışmada, tıp fakültelerinin akademik yapısı ve eğitim durumu ile ilgili genel profilin ortaya konulması ve mevcut durumun bir bütün olarak ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma tanımlayıcı tipte olup, Türkiye’de kamu çatısında eğitim veren ve 2021-2022 güz döneminde öğrenci alan tıp fakültelerine yönelik olmuştur. Verilerin analizinde Microsoft Excel ve IBM SPSS 25 programlarından faydalanılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı istatistiklerle analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kategorik değişkenlerin gösterilmesinde yüzde ve frekans değerler kullanılırken sürekli değişkenler için ortalama, minimum ve maksimum değerler kullanılarak tablolar oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre;84 üniversite de tıp fakültesinin bulunduğu, 11 üniversite de İngilizce tıp eğitiminin verildiği ve toplamda 94 programın olduğu görülmüştür. Tıp fakültelerinde kayıtlı toplamda 85.686 öğrencinin bulunduğu ve 2021 yılında 14.087 öğrencinin kayıt yaptırdığı görülmüştür. Profesör başına düşen öğrenci sayısı ortalama 13,64, Doçent başına düşen öğrenci sayısı 31,96 ve Doktora öğretim üyesi başına düşen öğrenci sayısı 21,04 olduğu görülmüştür. Program başına düşen öğretim üyesi sayısı 138, 67 ve program başına düşen kayıtlı öğrenci sayısı ise 911,55 olduğu görülmüştür. Tıp fakültelerinin nicel açıdan sahip olduğu beşeri kaynaklar ortaya konulmuş ve bir bütün olarak görülmesi sağlanmıştır. Tıp fakültelerinin nitel açıdan değerlendirilmesinin faydalı olacağı öngörülmektedir.
Sanat ve Tasarımda Yeni Medya Araştırmaları
Authors: AYDIN Gül
Published: November 2022

Grafik tasarım her zaman teknoloji ile yakın ilişki içerisinde olmuştur. Fırçalar ve boyalarla başlayan bu ilişki zamanla gelişerek matbaa ve kağıda, sinema ile hareketli görüntülere, sonra da bilgisayar ortamı ile etkileşimli tasarımlara evrilmiştir. Her yeni aşamada grafik tasarım kendisini yeni çözümler ve yeni eklentilerle zenginleştirmiştir. Kaligrafiyi hurufat ile zenginleştirdiği gibi, birler ve sıfırlardan oluşan görünmez bilgisayar dünyasını da ikonlarla, etkileşimli elemanlarla, hareketli görseller ile ve daha nice ögelerle donatarak insanlar için etkileşilebilir, zengin bir ortam haline getirmiştir. Grafik tasarım gelişiminin her aşamasında bir adım ileri giderek varolan kuramlarını gereğinde yıkıp, gereğinde geliştirerek yepyeni ve daha kuvvetli kuramlarla insanın algı ve ifade dünyasını zenginleştirmiştir. 2000’li yılların ilk çeyreğinde, teknolojinin hızla ilerlemesi ile sayısal dünyada ortaya çıkan, yeni bir ortam olan genişletilmiş gerçeklik bakir topraklar olarak tasarımcıların karşısında durmaktadır. Genişletilmiş gerçeklik içerisinde yer alan artırılmış gerçeklik ortamı, fiziksel dünya ile birebir etkileşim içerisinde olması ile grafik tasarım anlatımına yeni olanaklar sağlamaktadır. Henüz gelişme aşamasında olan bu teknolojinin grafik tasarım ile olan ilişkisinin araştırılması, olanaklarının ve yeni anlatım biçimlerinin açıklığa kavuşturulması bu çalışmanın bel kemiğini oluşturmaktadır. Bu sayede grafik tasarım disiplininin bu yeni ortamda nasıl yer alacağı ve yeni ifade biçimlerine nasıl katkıda bulunacağı ortaya çıkarılacaktır.
Performance Analysis of Temperature Changes of Fuels Used in Pem Fuel Cell
Authors: DEMİR Merve , YILMAZ Adem
Published: November 2022

In this study, the temperature values of the fuels used in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell were determined and the optimum temperature ranges were obtained for these fuels. Pure hydrogen and oxygen were used in the anode and cathode portions. In this study, moisture was taken as 40%, hydrogen amount as 0.3 ml/min and oxygen amount as 0.5 ml / min. Line temperature values in the system were also tested between 40-80°C with a 5°C difference. In the experiments carried out at 40°C, when the volt value was taken as 0.442V and the current value was taken as 1.81A, the power value obtained in the system was found to be 0.804W. In the experiment, when the current value is 1.8A and the volt value is 0.535V at 75°C, the power value in the system is found to be 1.025W. The lowest W value was calculated as 0.804W at 40°C and the highest W value was calculated as 1.025W at 75°C. These calculations are presented in tables and graphs.
ANALISIS VALUE FOR MONEY DENGAN PENDEKATAN EFEKTIVITAS PADA KINERJA KEUANGAN KOTA SEMARANG PADA TAHUN ANGGARAN 2017-2021
Authors: Aulia Erlinda Nur , Nugraheni Agustina Prativi
Published: November 2022

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the level of effectiveness of the Semarang City Government's financial performance in the 2017-2021 fiscal year through Value for Money analysis. The research method used in this study is the Quantitative Descriptive Method. The data needed in this study was obtained through the PPID website of the Semarang City Government in the form of a Budget Realization Report and Notes to Financial Statements. Based on the measurements that have been carried out, it is stated that the average measurement results obtained within a period of 5 years from 2017 to 2021 reached the effective criteria with an average achievement of 97.82%, which means that during those 5 years the Semarang City Government has achieved success in carrying out tasks to achieve goals.
PENGARUH MONETER TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI
Authors: Alifah ‘A’isyah Luthfi , Sugiharti RR Retno
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact that monetary variables have on the expansion of the Indonesian economy. Inflation, money supply, and exchange rates are all examples of monetary variables that are examined in this study. This study makes use of time series data spanning from 1990 all the way up to 2020. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach (ARDL method) is the one that is utilized for the analysis. According to the findings of the research, the independent variables and the dependent variables exert an influence on each other over both the short and the long terms. While the variable of inflation has no influence on economic growth over the long run, the variables of exchange rate and money supply have a major negative effect on economic growth. Inflation does not affect economic growth. On the other hand, in the short term, the variable that is the money supply has a big and negative impact on the expansion of the economy.
Subtitling Strategies of Verbal-Visual Components in The Social Dilemma
Authors: Alohaidb Sarah , Altuwairesh Nasrin
Published: November 2022

The widespread of technology and streaming platforms have highlighted the importance of audiovisual translation. Audiovisual materials consist of four components: verbal-acoustic, verbal-visual, nonverbal-visual, and nonverbal-acoustic. Subtitlers usually focus on rendering the verbal-acoustic component (i.e., the dialogue) and rarely focus on the verbal-visual component. Therefore, this article aims to identify the subtitling strategies used in rendering the verbal-visual components that are displayed simultaneously with the dialogue. The data are taken from the docudrama The Social Dilemma. Gottlieb’s (1992) typology is used to identify the applied subtitling strategies. The analysis demonstrates that the subtitler employed seven subtitling strategies: transfer, paraphrase, imitation, deletion, expansion, condensation, and resignation. Also, the results indicate that resignation was the most frequently used strategy. Finally, the study recommends that the subtitler considers all components in the subtitling process.
PULMONARY NOCARDIOSIS IN A PATIENT WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Yasin Mohammad , Mumtaz Muhammad  , Aziz Ahmad  , Shamsurrahman  , Faheem Jan
Published: November 2022

Nocardiosis is considered as one of the rare systemic infections. It is usually prevalent in immunocompromised individuals though few cases have been reported in immunocompetent individuals as well. With the advent of new microbiological classifications and increasing progress in laboratory technology this infection is being diagnosed more frequently.   Hence it is important to diagnose and treat this disease timely in order to reduce its associated morbidity and mortality. Nocardiosis is a rare condition and is often overlooked. Hence this case is presented.
EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRATHECAL DEXMEDETOMIDINE IN COMBINATION WITH HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE FOR LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERIES AND ITS POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIC CHARACTERISTIC
Authors: Alam Syed Sajjad , Nighat Abbas  , Ali Asgher  , Muhammad Rafique  , Anees-ur-Rehman  , Khadijah Abid
Published: November 2022

Background: Intra-thecal anaesthesia is the commonly preferred, block for surgeries of lower abdomen, perineal and lower limb. It is easy to administer and very economical but needs skills. Intrathecal use of local anaesthetics possesses a short duration of action and needs early use of rescue analgesia postoperatively. Objective was to assess the efficacy of Dexmedetomidine in adjuvant with bupivacaine for neuraxial anesthesia and postoperative analgesic characteristics. It was a prospective comparative study, conducted at Anesthesia Department, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi from January to July 2020. Methods: Overall 100 patients conveniently recruited who underwent  lower abdominal procedures were allocated into two groups' by randomization, i.e., 50 in each group and were labeled as Group N and Group D10. Group N consist of 0.5% bupivacaine 10 mg (2 ml) + diluted with 0.5ml normal saline dilution and group D10 consist of 10Î¼g Dexmedetomidine + 0.5% bupivacaine 10 mg (2ml) with 0.5 ml normal saline dilution, total 2.5 ml dose in each group. The duration of block and regression was evaluated.  Results: The study showed significant differences in sensory and motor block to reach T10 and Bromage 3 respectively. Patients who were assigned in Group D reported short onset of sensory to reach T10 (5.4±1.17) and motor to reach Bromage 3 (10.4±1.03) as compared to Group N (9.9±2.12 and 17±22) respectively. Participants of Group D required rescue analgesia in less amount throughout intervals as compare to group N. Conclusion: The usage of 10ug Dexmedetomidine adjuvant with 0.5% bupivacaine significantly reduced the onset on sensory T10 and motor Bromage 3 and also prolong duration of sensory and motor regression, moreover minimal adverse effects and less use of rescue analgesic drugs were observed.
COMMON RISK FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN ADULTS YOUNGER THAN 45 YEARS OF AGE
Authors: Faisal Iftikhar  , Shazia Tauqeer  , Sahar Farhat  , Muhammad Orakzai  , Raisa Naz  , Abdur Rehman
Published: November 2022

Background: Pakistan has got a very high prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI). MI presents at pretty young age in this country. The objective of present study was to determine the frequency of common risk factors associated with early development of MI in middle aged adults of less than 45 years. Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in the Cardiology department of Ayub Teaching Hospital (ATH) Abbottabad from 23rd June 2015 - 10th July 2016. A total of 255 consecutive patients diagnosed with MI admitted to the Cardiology Unit of ATH, Abbottabad. A detailed medical history and general physical examination of the patients was carried out with an emphasis on recording the presence or absence of common risk factors of MI in these patients. All routine investigations (Blood Complete Picture, Urea, Creatinine, Blood Sugar & Lipid Profile) were done. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 39.98±4.61 SD. The frequency of risk factors in descending order was smoking in (38.8%), obesity in (29.4%) and essential hypertension in (21.6%) of the patients. Other risk factors of MI in this study were diabetes mellitus (19.2%), family history of ischemic heart disease (IHD) was (18.8%) and disproportionate dyslipidemias in (12.9%). Sex of patients (male predominance) was found to be significantly associated with diabetes, smoking and dyslipidemia (p<0.05). Conclusion: Male sex, smoking, hypertension and obesity confer an increased risk of myocardial infarction in patients younger than 45 years of age.
RELIABILITY OF ORTHOPANTOMOGRAM IN COMPARISON TO LATERAL CEPHALOGRAM FOR LINEAR MANDIBULAR MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Asma Faryal  , Attiya Shaikh
Published: November 2022

Background: Mandibular asymmetries are commonly seen as asymmetric traits among orthodontic and orthognathic patients which require bilateral mandibular assessment for diagnosis and treatment. An orthopantomogram can be used to measure and compare right and left sides of mandible. The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability of left and right sides of orthopantomogram for determining the linear mandibular measurements and to check whether these values are identical with the values of linear mandibular measurements determined from lateral cephalogram. Methods: Orthopantomogram and lateral cephalogram were taken from 118 patients of age group 12-35 years from Orthodontic department, Liaquat College of Medicine & Dentistry and Darul Sehat Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Linear mandibular measurements were detected and compared between orthopantomograms and lateral cephalograms. Right and the left sides of orthopantomograms were compared for all of the linear mandibular parameters by using paired t-test. Independent sample t-test was performed for the comparison between orthopantomogram and lateral cephalogram using SPSS version 26.0. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed when orthopantomograms were compared with lateral cephalograms for mandibular body length (p=0.000) and total mandibular length (p=0.000). No statistically significant difference was found between orthopantomograms and lateral cephalograms for ramus height (p=0.226, p=0.177). Neither any significant difference was observed between right and left sides of an orthopantomogram. Conclusion: An orthopantomogram can be used to evaluate vertical mandibular measurements as reliably as a lateral cephalogram. However, it is required for clinicians to be vigilant when determining horizontal mandibular measurements from orthopantomograms as they are unpredictable.
SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-Β1 GENE AS POTENTIAL ASTHMA SUSCEPTIBLE VARIANTS IN PUNJABI POPULATION OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Sabar Muhammad Farooq , Bano Iqbal , Ghani Muhammad Usman , Shahid Mariam
Published: November 2022

Background: Candidate gene approach based on case-control model is a valuable strategy to determined disease related genetic variants. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1800469 and rs2241715 in TGF-β1gene have been reported to affect the asthmatic status in different populations. The main focus of this research was to find any relationship between these SNPs and asthma in Pakistani population. Methods Using case-control model, a total of 108 individuals including 52 asthma patients and 56 healthy controls were screened to find asthma susceptibility of variants rs1800469 and rs2241715. These SNPs were genotyped using SNaPshot minisequencing assay followed by capillary electrophoresis using ABI 3130xl genetic analyzer platform. The statistical analysis of genetic data was performed by using SPSS 21, SHEsis online platform and SNPStats online web software. Results: No association with asthma was seen in allelic model for both SNPs but genotypes analyzed under codominant, dominant, over dominant and recessive models of inheritance revealed that SNP rs2241715 is strongly associated with asthma under genotypic model. Conclusion: rs2241715 was found to be a genetic risk factor for asthma in Pakistani population.
PROSTATITIS AS AN INITIAL PRESENTATION FOR GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS
Authors: Butt Nauman Ismat , Yonus Raheel , Tareen Muhammad Qasim Khan , Farman Sumaira , Ahmad Nighat Mir , Ahmad Amna
Published: November 2022

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is an uncommon pauci-immune small-vessel necrotising granulomatous vasculitis mostly seen in age 45–60 years. We present the case of a formerly healthy 44 years old male presenting with dysuria and intermittent urinary retention for 8 months, not responding to empirical antibiotic therapy and TURP. A prostate biopsy showed necrotising granulomatous prostatitis. Urinalysis demonstrated persistent pyuria and haematuria, but cultures showed no growth. Subsequently he complained of fever, cough, dyspnoea and skin ulcers. CT of the chest showed multiple cavitatory lesions and pleural effusion. On work up, c-ANCA was positive and a diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis was established. This depicts a rarely seen presentation of prostatitis as the initial feature of GPA.
PILOMATRIX CARCINOMA IN A 4-YEAR OLD CHILD WITH AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION
Authors: Naveed Hania , Nausheen Yaqoob  , Sadia Muhammad  , Kanwal Aftab  , Mohammad Rafie Raza
Published: November 2022

Pilomatrix carcinoma is a rare, locally aggressive variant of pilomatrixoma with a high rate of recurrence and risk of distant metastasis. We report an unusual presentation of a pilomatrix carcinoma in a 4-year-old male child who presented with recurrent lesions on his left cheek. At the age of 1 month of life, he presented with a soft tissue swelling on his left cheek. The lesion showed a circumscribed proliferation of basaloid cells with central areas of eosinophilic ghost shadow cells and intermediate cells. Basaloid nests showed round to oval, hyperchromatic nuclei with open nuclear chromatin, prominent nucleoli and frequent mitoses but no marked nuclear pleomorphism or infiltration was identified. The lesion recurred twice at the same site. Both recurrences showed similar morphology as the primary tumor however there were extensive areas of stromal necrosis, infiltrating edges, frequent mitoses with atypical forms, and lymphovascular invasion. There was no marked nuclear pleomorphism. Morphological features favored a diagnosis of pilomatrix carcinoma. The child is still on follow-up and no recurrence has been identified to date. Pilomatric carcinoma is rarely reported in infants. Due to its rarity, aggressive histological features may be missed.
RECURRENT HYPOGLYCAEMIA IN AN OLDER INDIVIDUAL WITH COVID-19
Authors: Usman Tayyabah , Shahnoor Ahmed  , Saniya Sabzwari
Published: November 2022

Coronavirus disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as a deadly pandemic overburdening healthcare system globally. While people of all ages were affected, the older population has faced disproportionately higher morbidity and mortality, likely due to altered immune responses and pre-existing comorbid conditions like cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic pulmonary and kidney disease. Clinical manifestations in older patients may also be atypical with absence of fever, increased chances of acute confusion and longer recovery times. While other parameters of disease severity have been found, poor glycaemic control is another indicator of severity in COVID 19 infection. Moreover, older patients with diabetes mellitus are also at risk of hypoglycaemia which increases the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, progression of dementia, falls, emergency department visits and hospitalization. Here we share a case of an older man with COVID-19 infection who presented primarily with recurrent hypoglycaemia and weakness. This case also highlights the social impact of an infection that has decimated support systems for vulnerable older adults.
FREQUENCY OF CD34 EXPRESSION IN ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA AND ITS CORRELATION WITH CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS: A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE FROM PAKISTAN
Authors: Bashir Zaratulain , Jawad Hassan  , Samra Waheed  , Mahjabeen Imam  , Naveena Fatima  , Sidra Zafar  , Saima Siddiqui  , Tahir Shamsi
Published: November 2022

Background: This study was carried out to determine the frequency of CD34 positivity in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) in our population and to report its association with the clinicopathological profilet the time of diagnosis. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan, from March 2020 till December 2020.Newly diagnosed patients were selected, from both genders and all age groups. Relevant history and findings of physical examination were recorded. Immunohistochemistry was done on trephine biopsy and molecular studies were carried on bone marrow aspirates or peripheral blood samples. Results: Out of 105 patients enrolled, 67(63.8%) were males, with a male to female ratio (M: F) 1.8:1. Of the total patients, 62 (59.04%) were above 15 years of age. CD34 was expressed in 73 (69.5%) cases. Lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly were separately noted in context to CD 34 expression in 22 (66.6%), 24 (64.8%), and 14 (58.3%) patients, respectively. CNS disease was seen in a total of 3(2.75%) subjects, in which 2 (66.6%) of the patients had CD34 expression. Total 81 patients in our study fall into the high-risk group out of which CD 34 expression was seen in 58(71.6%) subjects. Cytogenetic analysis, BCR-ABL p190, and MLL gene rearrangement were investigated in all participants. Cytogenetic analysis revealed an abnormality in 20 (19%) cases out of which 13 (17.8%) cases were from CD34 positive group. Conclusion: Our study reported CD34 expression in more than two-thirds of cases. High-risk disease was significantly associated with CD34 expression.
RESPONSE TO IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY IN PATIENTS OF ACQUIRED APLASTIC ANAEMIA: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE FROM A DEVELOPING COUNTRY
Authors: Maryam Khan  , Raheel Iftikhar  , Qamar un Nisa Chaudhry  , Syed Kamran Mehmood  , Tehniat Faraz  , Tariq Ghafoor  , Nighat Shahbaz  , Mehreen Ali Khan  , Ghassan Umair Shamshad  , Tariq Azam Khattak
Published: November 2022

Background: Aplastic Anaemia (AA) is characterized by pancytopenia and hypocellular marrow. Immunosuppressive therapy (IST) SHOWS impressive haematological response; however, risk of relapse and clonal evolution persists. The objective of the study is to assess response to IST in patients with aplastic anaemia. Methods: A retrospective single centre study at AFBMTC / NIBMT for patients of acquired AA was conducted from January 2005 to December 2019.Inclusion criteria included diagnosed cases of acquired AA receiving IST for at least 12 weeks and age >2 years. IST included cyclosporine (CsA) alone, CsA + androgens, CsA + rabbit anti thymocyte globulin (rATG), CsA + horse anti thymocyte globulin (hATG).  Primary outcome measure was response to IST; secondary outcome measure was overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 513 patients received IST. Median age was 23 years (range 2-97 years). In study cohort, 155 (30.2%) patients responded to the IST, 63 (12.3%) achieved complete response (CR) while 92 (17.9%) achieved partial response (PR). The ORR of CsA in NSAA, SAA and VSAA was 52.6%, 28.10% and 10% respectively; whereas ORR of CsA + rATG in NSAA, SAA and VSAA was 50%, 35.1% and 22.5% respectively. OS was 38% at a median follow up of 36 months. There was a significant difference in the survival distributions of different treatment modalities (p=0.016). Median survival time 60 months (CsA), 9 months (CsA+ androgens) and 39 months (CsA+ rATG/hATG.) Conclusion: In resource constrained settings, single agent CsA remains a reasonable alternative with modest activity and acceptable side effect profile.
A Review on Strategic Analysis of Australian Supermarkets
Authors: Banerjee Swapan
Published: November 2022

In Australia, Coles and Woolworths are the two primary participants in the grocery
sector. They split about 80% of the whole retail market for groceries. In Sydney, one of
Australia's major cities, Woolworths launched new food kiosks in 1924, while Coles opened
the country's first supermarket in 1960. Coles and Woolworths consistently share most of
the market in the Australian supermarket industry, which is known as a "duopoly." Between
Coles and Woolworths and its retailers, there has been an imbalance of market power for
the last few decades (suppliers). Numerous studies indicate that Woolworths and Coles
conduct business in 840 and 741 supermarkets, respectively, in Australia. However,
regardless of the three variables, these essential players can only locate a suitable company
in the competitive and non-competitive market. The factors are buying power, selling power,
and retail chain. This duopoly, dominated by the two big business groups, can potentially
serve each retail product, including ready-to-eat foods, fresh food, and other essential retail
products. This short article is concerned with the strategic analysis of the two big players in
the Australian market, irrespective of environment, socioeconomic, politics, various usable
tools, techniques, rules, and regulations. Swot analysis, the Five force model, value, rarity,
imitability, and organization (VRIO) have been reviewed and discussed for both the market
leaders. The past, present, and future potentialities also have drawn in the article with the
snaky diagram and analytical tables. In conclusion, profit margins are obtained due to
successful differentiation, which enables the company to demand even higher prices.
Additionally, it promotes customer loyalty, which contributes to the financial stability and
growth of the business.
Een genealogie van het wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar complottheorieën
Authors: Simons Massimiliano
Published: November 2022

A genealogy of scientific research on conspiracy theories

This article takes the scientific study of conspiracy theories itself as an object of inquiry. It looks at the three main frameworks to look at conspiracy theories: a psychological, epistemological and a sociological approach. These different approaches exist somewhat separately and often do not get along. The central claim that follows from a genealogy of these research programs is that the conflicts between these different approaches should be understood not merely as disagreements about how the world works, but as a fundamental disagreement about the underlying diagnosis of what is at stake in conspiracy theories. In other words, the conflicts stem in part from political differences, not merely empirical ones. The purpose of this article is to bring these different diagnoses back into dialogue with each other and to point out that despite their differences, they also have something in common: a concern about the state of contemporary democratic institutions. Depending on which project one subscribes to, conspiracy thinking will appear either as the cause or the solution of these democratic concerns.
MODERN TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL OBSTRUCTION OF THE UPPER URINARY TRACT (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Ainakulov Ardak Dzhaksylykovich , Mavlyanov Farhod Shavkatovich , Mavlyanov Shavkat Khodzhamkulovich
Published: November 2022

The issues of treatment of obstructive diseases of the ureter occupy a central place in pediatric urology. Some authors limit themselves to conservative therapy, others perform nephroureterectomy in a unilateral process, and prefer uretero–, pyelo–, nephro– or cystostomy in a bilateral process, and still others are persistently looking for ways of radical treatment. Reconstructive plastic surgery on the upper urinary tract is one of the most difficult sections of childhood surgery. Their successful implementation depends not only on the skill of the surgeon and the choice of an adequate option for plastic surgery, but also on the morphological and functional changes in the kidney and upper urinary tract by the time of intervention.
«По преданиям древних они знают, что те венгры произошли от них…». К вопросу о восточных мадьярах
Authors: Kuskumbajev Ajbolat Kajrszljamovics
Published: November 2022

Проблема появления союза мадьярских племен средневековья продолжает быть актуальной исторической темой в современной хунгарологии. Ранние мадьяры рубежа раннего и развитого средневековья сформирова-лись как этнополитическая общность на обширной территории евразийских степей в соседстве с другими кочевыми народами, преимущественно тюрко-огурского происхождения: огуры, савиры, оногуры, булга-ры, хазары и др. Разнообразные многовековые этнокультурные контакты с тюркоязычными кочевниками сформировали не только особый военно-номадный уклад общественной жизни ранних мадьяр, колоритно выраженный в материальной и духовной культуре, но и оказали прямое воздействие на племенной состав мадьярской конфедерации. Совершенно очевидно, с точки зрения автора, что тюркские этнокультурные компоненты органично стали заметной частью формирующегося мадьярского народа. В процессе передви-жения и переселения на территорию Дунайской Паннонии, как достоверно известно из источников восточной части, в Поволжско-Уральском регионе, осталась какая-то мадьяроязычная часть, что нашло подтверж-дение позднее. По сообщениям средневековых авторов, эта восточная группа (или группы) мадьяр компак-тно проживала вблизи Волжской Булгарии, вплоть до начала Западного похода Чингизидов 1236‒1242 гг. В ходе монгольских завоеваний восточные мадьяры, также как и другие подчиненные народы, были включены в чингизидскую улусно-племенную систему Золотой Орды XIII‒XV веков. В течение позднего средневековья восточно-мадьярское население окончательно было ассимилировано численно доминирующими здесь тюрко-язычными кочевниками Дешт-и Кыпчака и вошли в состав формирующихся здесь новых этнополитических общностей – ногаев, узбеков, татар, казахов.
Ещё раз о лепной керамике Прикамско-Приуральских истоков у волжских болгар. По поводу дискуссии об этнокультурной принадлежности
Authors: Kocskina Anna Fjodorovna
Published: November 2022

Одной из групп керамического комплекса памятников Волжской Болгарии X – начала XIII вв. является лепная керамика, которая по своему происхождению связана с носителями прикамско-приуральских археологических культур, что убедительно показала в своих исследованиях Т. А. Хлебникова (1984). Эти выводы были под-креплены исследованием технологии изготовления керамики Волжской Болгарии, которое было проведено И. Н. Васильевой (1993). В последние годы в контексте мадьярской (шире угорской) проблемы вновь актуа-лизировались вопросы об этнокультурных истоках традиционных групп керамики у волжских болгар, в част-ности, с гребенчато-шнуровой орнаментацией (VII группы по типологии Т. А. Хлебниковой). Р. Д. Голдина (2013) в остро дискуссионной статье показала, что некоторые выводы об этнической атрибуции культур с гребенчато-шнуровой керамикой декларативны и необоснованны. В статье на материалах двух болгарских памятников домонгольского периода: Муромский городок (Самарское Поволжье) и Красносюндюковское I го-родище (Ульяновское Поволжье) – приводится характеристика керамики прикамско-приуральских истоков в рамках традиций болгарского гончарства, обращается внимание на различия в соотношении разных групп в керамическом комплексе каждого памятника.
Среднее Подонье в IX–X вв. Археологический контекст Воробьевского погребения
Authors: Cibin Mihail Vlagyimirovics
Published: November 2022

В 1895 году у слободы Воробьевки Богучарского уезда Воронежской губернии, в карьере, использовавшемся для строительства железной дороги, было обнаружено погребение человека, сопровождавшееся костями лошади. В погребении находился разнообразный инвентарь. В архиве Института истории материальной культуры РАН сохранилось письмо воронежского губернатора от 29 мая 1895 г. в Императорскую археоло-гическую комиссию, содержащее перечень вещей, найденных в погребении. В архивном деле находятся и их фотографии. В 1897 г. вещи Воробьевского погребения поступили на хранение в Императорский Российский исторический музей (сейчас – Государственный исторический музей). В настоящее время они экспонируются в этом музее. Это погребение с начала XX в. постоянно упоминается в работах исследователей по проблеме поиска прародины венгров. Рассматривается археологический контекст Воробьевского погребения. Приво-дятся находки вещей «мадьярского круга» в Среднем Подонье, выделяются памятники славянской боршев-ской и салтово-маяцкой культур, которые могли быть синхронны Воробьевскому погребению. Оценивается перспектива выявления памятников, аналогичных ему.
Pemimpin manajemen dan organisasi (Interelasi, Interaksi dan Interdepeni)
Authors: Suparto Widodo
Published: November 2022

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Peningkatan kompetensi aparatur dan pelaksanaan Good Governance pada Sekretariat Daerah untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan sosial di Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Kemal Anshory Dadang
Published: November 2022

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STYLISTIC TECHNIQUES IN THE REPRESENTATION OF LATVIAN CHARACTER: A STUDY OF GATIS ŠĻŪKA’S CARTOONS
Authors: Veinberga Elīna
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the article is to study a variety of cartoons by the famous Latvian cartoonist Gatis Šļūka who often represents Latvia and Latvians, capturing their very character and spirit. The main objective of this study is to examine diverse stylistic patterns and their visual and verbal interaction. The frequent use of stylistic patterns implies that Latvian thinking is naturally figurative. The cartoons often mock various predicaments in different domains of life. To appreciate the complete meaning of a cartoon, it is crucial to understand the historical and social context of the cartoon, especially if it is not analysed around the moment of its creation. The most recurrent stylistic pattern that appears in nearly all analysed cartoons is metonymy, thus it can be concluded that metonymy plays the most important role in meaning construction. There are other significant stylistic techniques such as personification, allusion and pun. In most cases it is possible to state that interaction of stylistic patterns is evident in the cartoons.
THE ROLE AND IDENTITY OF LATVIAN EXILE ART IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: EXAMPLE OF THE STUDENT FRATERNITY “ DZINTARZEME ” OF THE ART ACADEMY OF LATVIA
Authors: Lesničenoka Agnija
Published: November 2022

The year 1944/45 is inscribed on the pages of Latvia’s history as the time of the second occupation by the USSR, as a result hundreds of thousands of Latvian citizens left Latvia as refugees. Since the 1945 the development of contemporary Latvian art was tragically divided between the occupied native land and the free world. The period in exile from 1945 to 1952 can be called the “restoration period”, or the period of preservation of Latvian national values and art, when the continuation of the form of artistic expression during the period of Latvia’s independence took place in refugee camps in Germany. The issue of national art became more problematic after 1952, when the exile lasted and Latvian artists were scattered on several continents of the world, the question of the fate of the expression of Latvian national art became more topical. In November 1958, with an art exhibition in New York (USA), the Art Academy of Latvia student fraternity “Dzintarzeme” (“Amberland”), which was banned in July 1940 by the USSR, was renewed. There is reason to assume that “Dzintarzeme” can be called as one of the most purposeful associations of Latvian artists in exile in the efforts to preserve and popularize Latvian national art in the USA until 1973. The main purpose of this research is through the example of student fraternity “Dzintarzeme” to clarifiy the concept – what is Latvian national art in exile, what we can define as Latvianness in Latvian exile art, and also look at art development and its role in the society of exile Latvians in the United States of America where the most active community of “Dzintarzeme” was located.
COVID-19 AND DATA: CRISIS MITIGATION TOOLS
Authors: Voldiņš Sandis
Published: November 2022

The cultural and creative sector (CCS) is one of the hardest-hit sectors due to COVID-19. The rapid decline in audience and revenues makes it impossible to create and offer financially demanding cultural products and services. This will be a long- term effect – it will affect the supply and demand of cultural services for at least two to three years to come. A realistic forecast suggests that this period will be characterized by a narrowed audience market, a decline in the purchasing power of the population and reduced leverage of funding. Decisions about performances, productions and investments in new content can no longer rely on traditional audience behavioural patterns, historical demand data, or an organization’s institutional memory. Cultural institutions need to make decisions about the future without being able to predict it even two weeks ahead. The article examines the open data arrays available in Latvia on and the potential of their use in the cultural and creative sector to alleviate the crisis.
THE ORIGIN OF LANDSCAPE IN LATVIAN TEXTILE ART. RŪDOLFS HEIMRĀTS’S SCHOOL
Authors: Ļegčiļina-Broka Rita
Published: November 2022

The article provides insight into development processes related to professional education in Latvian textile art. Special attention was made to the textile artist Rūdolfs Heimrāts and his crucial role in the history of Latvian textile art. He was permanently leading the Textile art department at the State Academy of Arts of Latvian SSR for more than thirty years. Heimrāts established his original educational model based on a deep understanding of Latvian textile culture heritage. The new generation of artists educated by Heimrāts completely changed visual content and technical capabilities of textile artwork. It raised the Latvian textile art to an unprecedented level of artistic expression. Heimrāts’s unique personality, creative interests, and set goals influenced Latvian textile art development for several decades. Textile artists who had acquired education under the leadership of Rūdolfs Heimrāts created their special contribution to Latvian textile art known as Heimrāts’s School. One of the unifying features of Heimrāts’s School became the predominance of landscape theme in artists’ oeuvre. The article aims to analyse the phenomenon of Heimrāts’s personality, his educational method, and his contribution to the development of Latvian textile art. Special attention was paid to determine the circumstances that affected the topic selection of weavings. Research methods include the study of archival material and publications, formal analysis of the artwork, biographical analysis, interviews, historical research, and field notes.