bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
I. Uneheliche Söhne zwischen Erbrecht und Weiheverbot: Norm und Praxis von Illegitimität im ausgehenden Frühmittelalter
Authors: Harder Clara
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a fresh survey of ‚illegitimacy’ in early medieval Francia during the last two centuries of the first millennium. Methodologically, it aims at transcending a common division in historic research, which either concentrates on inheritance and succession of people who were born out of wedlock, or the importance of the topic of non-legitimate birth for members of the clergy. By analyzing a variety of sources and outlining legal and historical developments in the 9th and 10th century, the paper brings various facets of illegitimacy together, thereby mapping out the complexity of a crucial phenomenon in early medieval family history.

Inhalt: I. Einführung. – II. Normen und Rechtsgewohnheiten im fränkischen Frühmittelalter. – III. Fränkische Innovation. Die Anfänge des Weiheverbots für Illegitime. – IV. Karolingische Königssöhne als Kleriker vor dem Jahr 900. – V. Von der Ausnahme zur Regel? Uneheliche Söhne als Bischöfe im 10. Jahrhundert. – VI. Ausblick und Fazit
Zur Identifikation von Extravagante 26 des Liber Papiensis in der Hs. Mailand, Biblioteca Ambrosiana O. 55 sup
Authors: Leyendecker Dominik
Published: June 2023

The article discusses the identification of Extravagant 26 of the so-called Liber Papiensis, which is uniquely transmitted in an 11th century manuscript now known as Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana O. 55 sup. We argue that the chapter in question is a corrupted version of a chapter from the Etymologiae of Isidore of Seville, which was adapted to appear more like a capitulary.
Ein Bruch mit der Tradition und eine Gefahr für den Reichsfrieden? Die Errichtung der Neunten Kur im Urteil des Reichshofratsconclusums vom April 1693
Authors: Kampmann Christoph
Published: June 2023

The resurgence of the Holy Roman Emperorship in the decades after the Peace of Westphalia (1648) has received considerable attention in recent historiography. In this respect the particular importance of the Imperial Court of Justice (Imperial Aulic Council, Reichshofrat) has been stressed: It is assumed that it played a key role within the Imperial government, that it had helped to secure the imperial loyalty to the postwestphalian constitutional order and that it contributed to the skillful use of the Imperial prerogatives by the Vienna Government. Against this backdrop, the position of the Aulic Council regarding the creation of the Ninth (Hannoverian) electorship by Emperor Leopold in 1692, which hitherto has not been examined in detail, reveals a different historical picture. On the one hand, the Imperial Aulic Council was not included in the decision processes concerning the electorship, it was not even officially informed and rebuked for accepting a remonstration against the electorship. On the other hand, the Aulic Council in return criticised the creation of the Ninth electorship quite frankly in its self justification in April 1693 with regard to the procedures and its possible dangerous political consequences.
Review of Fatigue Crack Initiation Mechanisms Development and Monitoring in the Very High Cycle Fatigue Regime
Authors: Wagner Danièle , Petit Johann
Published: June 2023

Fatigue devices working at high frequency (20 kHz) allow now to explore the fatigue domain with a total number of cycles much higher than 107 cycles in reasonable times. In that case, lifetime belongs to the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) domain. As for low and high cycle fatigue (LCF and HCF), the fracture begins by microstructural damage because of microplasticity, before leading to the initiation stage (stage I), and then the short and long crack propagation stages (stage II). It is now admitted that in VHCF the initiation stage is higher than 90 % of the total life. The main difference with LCF and HCF is the crack initiation location. For materials without internal defects (type I), the initiation is always on the specimen surface, whereas for materials with internal defects (inclusions, porosities, etc.) named type II, the microstructure appears in subsurface on defects leading to a typical “fish eye” on fractographies. If the crack initiation mechanisms on surface are well accepted to be related to dislocations gliding in well-oriented grains, the mechanisms in subsurface are not very clear and many hypotheses on the fish-eye development are suggested by different authors. In the fish-eye center, it appears a fine granular area more or less large, the origin of which is debated. In the first part, this article proposes a review on these crack initiation mechanisms (surface and subsurface). Microplasticity produces a temperature increase in fatigue tests. It has been demonstrated that the temperature recording during tests is a mean to determine the number of cycles corresponding to crack initiation and crack propagation. In the second part, through two examples on Armco iron (surface initiation) and a low alloy steel (subsurface crack initiation), the method to determine the number of cycles during the initiation and propagation stages is exposed.
Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Properties of CuO/CdFe2O4 Nanocomposites Synthesized by the Co-precipitation Method
Authors: Yassine R. , Abdallah A. M. , Awad R. , Bitar Z.
Published: June 2023

In this study, xCuO/(1−x)CdFe2O4 nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared with different weight percentages (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0) using the co-precipitation method. X-ray powder diffraction patterns revealed the formation of copper oxide (CuO) and cadmium ferrite (CdFe2O4) phases in each NC with hematite as a secondary phase. Transmission electron microscope study confirmed the existence of CuO and CdFe2O4 crystal grains with sizes of 17.86 and 18.45 nm, respectively. Optical analysis indicated that the addition of CuO caused variations in bandgap energy and shifts in the emission wavelength of the NCs. Dielectric measurements were carried out in the frequency range of 1 kHz–5 MHz, and dielectric study was performed by analyzing the frequency, temperature, and composition dependence of the dielectric parameters for the samples. Dielectric results showed the dispersion behavior of the NCs with increasing frequency and composition concentration corresponding to low dielectric losses, which makes them suitable for optoelectronics and high-frequency devices.
Vocal Aesthetics, AI Imaginaries
Authors: Borkowski Alex
Published: June 2023

In 2019, a report commissioned by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) claimed that the way users interface with technology is in the midst of a paradigm shift—from text input and output to voice input and output. Indeed, voice assistants such as Amazon’s Alexa, Apple’s Siri, and Google Assistant are increasingly ever-present in domestic spaces. Against this backdrop, this paper proposes that critical thinking about Artificial Intelligence (AI) might be advanced and elaborated by simultaneously thinking critically about voice, unpacking beliefs that spoken language operates as a seamless “natural user interface,” as well as broader ideological convictions about voice’s exceptional status as a marker of unmediated self-presence. I examine the entangled conceptual roots between theories of voice and apocryphal origin stories of artificial intelligence in two eighteenth-century inventions—Wolfgang von Kempelen’s Mechanical Turk and speaking machine. The aesthetic practices surrounding these and other so-called thinking and speaking machines engender shifting relations of visibility and invisibility, obfuscating the role of human labor in creating the seeming magic of AI. I also examine two artistic projects—Holly Herndon’s electropop album PROTO (2019) and a series of collaborative works by Sofian Audry and Erin Gee titled of the soone (2018), to the sooe (2018), and Machine Unlearning (2018–19)—that, in their varied deployments of machine learning in vocal performance, challenge the ideological foundations of the sociotechnical milieu from which they emerge. These artworks tune into the frictions and glitches inherent to vocal interfaces and thereby unravel the vocal imaginary that sustains the illusion of their neutrality, self-sufficiency, or, indeed, intelligence.
The Development of Machiavellianism, Psychopathy, and Narcissism in Young Adulthood
Authors: Wolff Christian , Wetzel Eunike
Published: June 2023

The development of the personality traits Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism is hardly understood. We theorize that the well-documented maturity principle applies to these traits. Decreasing levels of Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and the antagonistic dimension “narcissistic rivalry” could be interpreted as reflecting maturation. The self-enhancing “narcissistic admiration” trait might remain unchanged. A sample of N = 926 German university students aged 18 to 30 (74% female) participated in a longitudinal study with 4 waves of measurement over 2 years, completing short and full-length measurement instruments. The preregistered analyses included latent growth curve models based on item factor analysis with partial measurement invariance. We accounted for the possibilities of contextual effects and nonlinear development and controlled the false discovery rate. All four traits showed very high rank-order stability (rs ranged from .74 to .81). In line with the maturity principle, mean levels of Machiavellianism and psychopathy decreased linearly (ds were −0.18 and −0.12). Moreover, model comparisons revealed systematic heterogeneity in Machiavellianism’s linear growth curve, indicating that young adults differ from each other in the direction or steepness of their developmental paths. We also assessed self-esteem and life satisfaction. Linear changes in Machiavellianism were inversely related to linear changes in life satisfaction (r = −.39), making the mean-level decrease in Machiavellianism appear as adaptive. While findings concerning narcissism were inconclusive, this study provides incremental evidence that the maturity principle might apply to Machiavellianism and, potentially, to psychopathy.
An Early Modern Sacro Monte in Mumbai
Authors: Mendiratta Sidh Losa
Published: June 2023

Mumbai’s diverse cultural heritage includes several Christian churches associated with the city’s East Indian community and with the legacy of Portuguese colonial rule between 1534 and 1739. This study addresses one such site in the village of Mandapeshwar, which developed from an eighth-century CE Hindu rock-cut cave temple and was transformed during the period of Portuguese rule into a center of Franciscan missionary activity, including through the creation of a Sacro Monte, or series of pilgrimage stations. By reconstructing the activities of the early Franciscan missionaries on Shashti Island north of Mumbai, this investigation reveals that the Sacro Monte functioned as a Marian devotional shrine, with a crowning chapel dedicated to the Holy Spirit. The Sacro Monte, with its grottoes, represents a unique synthesis of rock-cut Hindu cave temples and Christian hermitic traditions.
The Metaphors That Made the Student Union
Authors: Robinson Clare
Published: June 2023

This article uses archival research to illustrate how the Association of College Unions and the professional consultants it supported employed the metaphors of “home,” the “art of living,” and “laboratory for living” to organize architectural meaning, social spaces, and student activities in the design of student unions on campuses across North America in the period following World War II. These metaphors facilitated the spread of expert knowledge as well as the making of a new building type. This move toward standardization reflected the long-standing egalitarian character of student unions and the growing presence of the middle class in American universities during the mid-twentieth century. The standardized student union physically embodied the American middle-class “standard of living” and promoted ideal middle-class values through its presence on college campuses.
Understanding the Relationship Between Catchiness and Groove
Authors: Bechtold Toni A. , Kilchenmann Lorenz , Curry Ben , Witek Maria A. G.
Published: June 2023

Groove and catchiness are central properties of popular music that frequently appear together. Yet, a possible relationship has neither been postulated nor examined. In music psychology, groove is commonly understood as a pleasurable urge to move. Catchiness is often tied to the memorability of music, but it is less researched, and definitions are elusive. In this study, we conducted stimuli-guided expert interviews with popular music creators to unveil their understandings of groove and catchiness based on their experiential, practical, and artistic knowledge. These insights allowed us to expand the ontologies of groove and catchiness. We found that groove consists of a bodily experience and positive affect, with participation, immersion and social aspects playing a part as well. We propose catchiness as a multi-dimensional quality that depends on the listener’s perception and experience of music, in which memorization and positive affect are central, and engagement, immediacy, and clarity are other aspects. We found considerable overlap in groove- and catchiness-promoting structures, and hypothesize that they positively interact and support each other, with some exceptions. The perspective of music creators, our detailed discussion of the ontologies, and the hypothesized relationship can broaden the psychological concepts, help with the explanation of previous, and inspire future research.
“I AM TOTALLY ISOLATED”: EXPERIENCES OF ADULTS WITH ACQUIRED PHYSICAL DISABILITIES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC LOCKDOWN IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Muller-Kluits Noreth , Slabbert Ilze
Published: June 2023

The sudden onset of the COVID-19 pandemic impacted various sectors, including social work services to persons with physical disabilities. This qualitative study focused on the experiences of adults with an acquired physical disability who needed social work support. To understand these experiences, an ecological perspective was utilised as a theoretical basis. The study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown experienced internationally, including in South Africa. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was found to be challenging for persons with disabilities, specifically in terms of isolation, lack of resources and economic distress. Recommendations for future interventions to address the social needs of adults with a physical disability in disaster situations such as COVID-19 are also presented. Keywords: disability, social work, COVID-19, pandemic, experiences, South Africa, person with disability
IS THE DEVELOPMENTAL SOCIAL WELFARE APPROACH TO CHILD PROTECTION SERVICES WORKING? VOICES OF CHILDREN, FAMILIES AND SOCIAL WORKERS IN EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Herselman Marinei , Schiller Ulene , Tanga Pius
Published: June 2023

Decades of research have highlighted the challenges facing child protection services in a developmental approach. The aim of the article is to explore whether the developmental social welfare approach contributes to an improvement of child protection services. A descriptive case study design was applied in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa. The findings revealed limited knowledge among social work practitioners about the implementation of the developmental social welfare approach. The findings also revealed an overwhelmed child protection system that lacks coordinated and integrated services. It is recommended that child protection services be divided into prevention, early intervention and statutory services. Keywords: vulnerable children, Children’s Act of 2005, child protection social workers, developmental social welfare approach, statutory social work
The impact of race/ethnicity on the clinical outcomes of people with type 2 diabetes admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an observational multi-national analysis
Authors: Wilmot Emma , Wild Sarah H , Ruan Yue , Hadjadj Samy , Wargny Matthieu , Williams Myia S , Saulnier Pierre-Jean , Zhu Xu , Ryder Robert EJ , Pekmezaris Renee , Marre Michel , Field Benjamin CT , Narendran Parth , Harris Sophie , Gautier Jean-François , Patel Dipesh , Várnai Kinga A , Davies Jim , Roussel Ronan , Rea Rustam , Gourdy Pierre , Cariou Bertrand , Myers Alyson , Khunti Kamlesh
Published: June 2023

Aims: To describe the relationship between race/ethnicity and adverse outcomes related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults with T2DM admitted to hospital in the UK, France and USA.
Methods: Study data from the UK ABCD nationwide COVID- 19 audit, the French CORONADO nationwide initiative and the USA AMERICADO multi-centre study were analysed to assess the association between race/ethnicity and severe COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 was deﬁned as death in hospital and/or admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Logistic regression models were used to generate age-adjusted odds ratios.
Results: Data from 3,471 patients in the ABCD audit, from 2,451 CORONADO patients and from 9,321 AMERICADO patients admitted with COVID-19 and T2DM were analysed. Race/ethnicity data were available for 3,410 (98%), 2,173 (89%) and 8,893 (95%) patients, respectively. In the UK ABCD audit cohort, Asian and Black race/ethnicity were associated with an increased risk of death/ICU admission compared to White when adjusted for age and sex (OR 2.14; 1.38-3.29 and OR 2.09; 1.17-3.74, respectively). When adjusted for additional confounders the association was stronger (Asian OR 2.88; 1.72-4.82 and Black OR 2.20; 1.12-4.30). In the CORONADO cohort Middle Eastern/North African race/ethnicity was protective against death/ICU admission (OR 0.57; 0.36-0.91).
There was no association between ethnicity and death alone in the AMERICADO dataset.
Conclusion: In those with T2DM admitted to hospital with COVID-19, a non-White race/ethnicity was associated with higher risk of death/ICU admission in the UK ABCD data but not in French CORONADO or USA AMERICADO datasets. Further research is required to improve our understanding of the observed discrepancies in outcomes.
systematic review and thematic synthesis of the barriers and facilitators to physical activity for women after gestational diabetes: a socio-ecological approach
Authors: Ioannou Elysa , Humphreys Helen , Homer Catherine , Purvis Alison
Published: June 2023

Physical activity can reduce risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) after gestational diabetes. Understanding barriers and facilitators to physical activity, using a socio-ecological approach, could better direct multi-level interventions. The present review aimed to synthesise barriers and facilitators to physical activity, and to develop an understanding of where, across the socio-ecological model, these factors exist and/or are interrelated. Eligible studies included women with a history of gestational diabetes and a discussion around physical activity. A systematic search of MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete and Scopus was conducted in October 2022. Barriers and facilitators to physical activity were thematically analysed and themes organised according to the socio-ecological model. Twenty-nine studies were included.
Barriers pertained to leisure time physical activity, while other types of activity including housework and transport were overlooked, despite being routine. Partner and family support were vital for engagement with activity, whether emotional support or provision of childcare. Most barriers and facilitators at the social and organisational levels were interrelated with those at the individual level. These ﬁndings suggest that multi-level physical activity interventions after gestational diabetes could be most effective.
Integrating the social support theory and technology acceptance model of social commerce websites
Authors: Alam Syed Shah , Makmor Nurkhalida , Masukujjaman Mohammad , Mohamed Makhbul Zafir Khan , Ali Mohd Helmi , Al Mamun Abdullah
Published: June 2023

The expansion of social commerce websites has gradually transformed most people’s lives in terms of social interactions during leisure time. Communication has been made easier due to the advancement of information communication technology due to the fact that information sources can efficiently assist in providing the information required. Nevertheless, the possibility struggling to understand online content exists as the information may have inaccuracies and biases. By combining the technology acceptance model (TAM) and social support theory (SST), this study has developed a detailed purchase intention model to analyse relationships related to social commerce websites. Trust has been examined as the mediator in this research. The study has employed an online quantitative approach and has conducted non-probability (convenience) sampling to recruit 392 respondents. The findings demonstrate that different SS forms (emotional and informational) contain significant relationships with the TAM, trust and purchase intention. Nonetheless, perceived usefulness and purchase intention reveal insignificant relationships. Meanwhile, trust significantly mediates the association between SS and TAM constructs in this proposed model. The results also show that the proposed model has achieved a good fit and clearly explains each relationship. Therefore, the integration and extension of constructs may serve as future research paths. The findings could also be applied by marketeers and practitioners when developing social commerce websites.
Cuarenta años de municipalismo democrático en España. Una revision de la literatura
Authors: Harguindéguy Jean-Baptiste , Ruiloba Nuñez Juana María
Published: June 2023

En 2019 se celebró el cuadragésimo aniversario de las primeras elecciones municipales de la Transición organizadas el 3 de abril de 1979. Esta ocasión constituye una buena oportunidad para examinar la democracia española desde la perspectiva de la gobernanza local. En efecto, la Transición permitió la transformación de las administraciones locales desconcentradas en gobiernos locales descentralizados capaces de impulsar sus propias políticas públicas. Pero al ser el nivel de gobierno más cercano al ciudadano, la administración local ha ido acumulando competencias sin que sus recursos sigan la misma pendiente ascendente. Esta revisión de la literatura analiza esta paradoja a través de un estudio de la evolución de los gobiernos municipales desde el restablecimiento de la democracia, haciendo hincapié en el volumen y la composición de sus políticas, en su estructura institucional, en su nivel de descentralización fiscal y en las estrategias para resolver esta situación en comparación con los demás países europeos. Concluye que los municipios españoles requieren una segunda Transición más benevolente con el poder local.
Uba-Iner, “El-Que-Abre-la-Piedra”: el personaje y su nombre en la narrativa egipcia de ficción, con especial referencia al segundo relato del Papiro Westcar
Authors: Serrano Delgado José Miguel
Published: June 2023

El nombre es para los egipcios un elemento constitutivo de la naturaleza del individuo. En la narrativa de ficción, puede funcionar como caracterizador del personaje literario, ayudando a perfilar su imagen y actuación. En el segundo de los relatos contenidos en el Papiro Westcar, el “Cuento del Marido Engañado”, el protagonista, sacerdote-lector y mago, ostenta el nombre de Uba-Iner, “El-Que-Abre-la-Piedra”. Ofrecemos un estudio de este antropónimo, que puede llegar a relacionarse con la trama del cuento y con las acciones del protagonista.Palabras clave: Nombre, literatura, Westcar, magia.AbstractThe name was for the Egyptians an essential part of the individual. In narrative fictional texts, we find it describing the literary character, helping to shape its image and performance. In the second story contained in the Westcar Papyrus, the “Tale of the Deceived Husband”, the protagonist, a priest-reader and magician, bears the name of Uba-Iner, “He-who-open-the-stone”. We offer an assessment of the meaning and use of this name, clearly related to the plot of the story and the actions of the main character of the tale.Keywords: Name, literature, Westcar, magic.
Fatigas y contratiempos del viaje en los albores del siglo XV: el relato de Ruy González de Clavijo
Authors: Villalba Ruiz de Toledo Francisco Javier
Published: June 2023

Tratamos de exponer en este artículo las dificultades a las que hubo de hacer frente la segunda delegación enviada por el rey Enrique III de Castilla al continente asiático tras la célebre batalla de Angora en la que Tamerlán parecía haberse alzado para siempre con el control de una buena parte de los territorios euroasiáticos. Hacemos especial hincapié en las penalidades sufridas por los embajadores en un tortuoso itinerario de casi 20.000 kilómetros, en el que hubieron de hacer frente tanto a los inconvenientes climáticos como a la inestabilidad política provocada en los territorios situados en el oriente mediterráneo tras la muerte de los líderes asiáticos.Palabras clave: Viajes siglo XV, Enrique III de Castilla, Ruy González de Clavijo, Tamerlán, embajadas, navegación.AbstractWe try to present in this paper the difficulties faced by the second delegation that the king Henry III of Castile sent to Asia after the famous battle of Angora in which Tamerlane seemed to finally have controlled much of the Eurasian territories. We emphasize the hardships suffered by the ambassadors in a tortuous journey of nearly 20,000 kilometers, where they had to address both climate problems and political instability caused in the territories in the eastern Mediterranean after the death of the Asian leaders.Keywords: Travels XVth century, Henry III of Castile, Ruy González de Clavijo, Tamerlane, Royal Embassies, sea travel.
Los Sistemas de Armas Autónomos Letales y el Derecho Internacional Humanitario en la Guerra de Ucrania
Authors: Marin Martinez Antonio Pedro
Published: June 2023

En el marco de las Relaciones Internacionales, los Sistemas de Armas Autónomos Letales (SAAL), que utilizan tecnologías asociadas con la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) y la robótica, están cada vez más presentes en el campo operacional de la Guerra de Ucrania. Desgraciadamente, en muchas instancias, el progreso científico no siempre viene acompañado de una adecuación paralela del Derecho Internacional, especialmente con relación al Derecho Internacional Humanitario (DIH). Además, el rápido desarrollo de la investigación tecnológica sigue expandiendo las capacidades operativas de dichos sistemas sin la intervención humana, estresando aún más una adecuada implementación del Derecho en el ámbito militar y más concretamente con relación a la ciberguerra. Una situación que se agudiza ante la retirada de la Federación Rusa de diversos organismos internacionales. Dado que no se vislumbra un nuevo tratado internacional en un futuro cercano, se tendrá que ir a un conflicto armado con el marco jurídico existente y no con el que se desearía tener. Ahora bien, en la actualidad no existe consenso entre los Estados sobre cómo aplicar, en la práctica, el Derecho Internacional existente en el ciberespacio. Para tratar de soslayar dicha problemática, habría que explorar la capacidad que tienen algunos instrumentos jurídicos no vinculantes ya desarrollados, como en el caso de los Manuales de Tallinn de la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte (OTAN) o los principios rectores formulados por el Grupo General de Expertos (GGE) sobre los SAAL, dentro del marco de la Convención sobre Prohibiciones o Restricciones del Empleo de Ciertas Armas Convencionales que puedan considerarse excesivamente nocivas o de efectos indiscriminados (CCW) de las Naciones Unidas (NU), para servir como base para futuros acuerdos internacionales vinculantes. También se debería estudiar la posibilidad de desarrollar nuevos algoritmos, con la utilización de la IA, que permitiesen el desarrollo de los denominados Agentes Morales Artificiales (AMA), que pudiesen ser implementados en los SAAL como instrumentos de control de su utilización, basado en las directrices establecidas por el DIH.
El cine proyecciones de Madrid: las memorias de Eduardo Jimeno
Authors: Martínez J.
Published: June 2023

Secuencias
Changes in physicochemical and microbial community during co-composting of oil palm frond with palm oil mill effluent anaerobic sludge
Authors: Ahmad Mohd Najib , Mokhtar Mohd Noriznan , Baharuddin Azhari Samsu , Hock Lim Siong , Ali Siti Ramlah Ahmad , Abd-Aziz Suraini , Rahman Nor Aini Abdul , Hassan Mohd Ali
Published: June 2023

The aims of this study were to investigate the physicochemical changes and microbial population during co-composting of 1 ton oil palm frond (OPF) with 1,000 L palm oil mill effluent (POME) anaerobic sludge. In the first 30 days of composting, the temperature of the composting piles was observed in the thermophilic phase, within a range of 50 - 56oC. Meanwhile, the oxygen level, moisture content, and pH profiles of the compost were maintained at 2.0 to 12%, 60 to 70%, and 7.9 to 8.5, respectively, throughout the composting process. The total bacteria count was estimated to be about 55 x 1010 CFU/mL in the mesophilic phase, and then it increased up to 66 x 1010 CFU/mL in the thermophilic phase, and finally decreased to 9.0x1010 CFU/mL in the curing phase. The initial C/N ratio, 64, decreased to 18 after 60 days of composting process, indicating the maturity of compost product from OPF-POME anaerobic sludge. The diversity of the bacterial community was investigated using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis. The results suggested that the co-composting process of OPF with POME anaerobic sludge was dominated by Pseudomonas sp.
Utilization of driftwood as an energy source and its environmental and economic benefit analysis in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Wen-Tien , Tsai Yi-Lin , Liu Sii-Chew
Published: June 2023

Using standard methods for the determination of approximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and calorific value, the thermochemical properties of driftwood have been analyzed in the present study. The preliminary results showed that woody waste obviously comprised a large percentage of volatile matter at 72.56 ± 4.58 wt%. The molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon (H/C) was about 1.1, which was lower than those of cellulose (H/C = 1.67) and hemicellulose (H/C = 1.6), and seemed to be in accordance with its higher heating value (18.7 MJ/kg). However, the content of nitrogen was slightly higher, suggesting that the emissions of nitrogen oxide gases from biomass-to-heat facilities will arouse concern. Under the carbonization temperature of around 500 oC, the calorific value (25.5 MJ/kg) of the resulting biochar from driftwood was relatively enhanced. Based on the 1,000,000 tons driftwood in Taiwan and the Tier 1 method recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the environmental benefit of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and the economic benefit of selling electricity were preliminarily calculated to be around 1.5 × 10 6 tons and US$ 7.0 × 10 7, respectively.
Factors affecting brightness reversion of hardwood kraft pulps
Authors: Silva Vanessa L. , Lino Alessandro G. , Ribeiro Robisnéa A. , Colodette Jorge L. , Forsström Annbritt , Wackerberg Eva
Published: June 2023

Ten industrial fully bleached hardwood pulps representing very different brightness reversion profiles were evaluated. The pulps were characterized before and after brightness reversion. The aging method (dry, wet, high/low RH, high/low temperature, short/long time) had, in most cases, no effect on overall brightness reversion trends, but affected the absolute reversion values significantly. Relative humidity in the range of 50 to 90% influenced reversion much more than temperatures in the range from 30 to 45°C. Dry and wet heat-induced brightness reversion correlated positively and significantly with hexenuronic acid (HexA) content in the pulp. The brightness reversion causes a significant decrease in pulp viscosity values, and HexA thus causing decrease of kappa number. Modern pulps produced by TCF and light ECF bleaching technologies were more prone to brightness reversion than regular ECF pulps, partly due to the higher content of HexA. At a pH level above 8, the brightness reversion process was strongly retarded for pulps with a very high HexA content.
Measurement of the Young's modulus and shear modulus of in-plane quasi-isotropic medium-density fiberboard by flexural vibration
Authors: Yoshihara Hiroshi
Published: June 2023

The Young’s modulus and the in-plane shear modulus of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) were obtained by conducting a flexural vibration test under the free-free condition based on Timoshenko’s vibration theory using specimens with various depth/length ratios and performing a subsequent numerical analysis. The results obtained by the experiment and numerical analysis revealed that the Young’s modulus was independent of the specimen configuration. In contrast, the in-plane shear modulus was significantly dependent on the specimen configuration and could not be measured properly based on Timoshenko’s theory when the specimen had a small depth/length ratio. The numerical analysis also revealed that the Poisson’s ratio has a significant influence on the measurement of shear modulus as well as the specimen configuration. A statistical analysis on the results experimentally obtained suggested that the length of the specimen must be less than 7.5 times the depth to measure the in-plane shear modulus appropriately.
Thirty-nine years of U.S. wood furniture importing: Sources and products
Authors: Luppolda William G. , Bumgardner Matthew S.
Published: June 2023

In this study we analyze changes in United States imports of wood furniture over the 39-year period from 1972 to 2010. In 1972, Canada and the former Yugoslavia were the most important sources of imported wood furniture, and Europe accounted for nearly 60 percent of total imports. Shipments of low-cost wood furniture from Taiwan started to increase in the 1970s, and by 1978, Taiwan was the most important source of imported wood furniture. Overall, low-cost sources in Asia displaced Europe in 1987. Taiwan continued to be the most important source until 1994. Canada became the most important source of imported wood furniture from 1994 to 2000 as the Canadian dollar declined in value against the United States dollar. In 2001, China became the most important source of wood furniture imports. More recently furniture imports from an emerging source, Vietnam, have increased dramatically. One reason why Asian manufacturers have been so successful in the U.S. market has been that furniture consumers were influenced mainly by price. By contrast, success in some segments of the U.S.-based furniture industry indicates that models enabling consumers to make styling and pricing decisions also can be competitive.
Anatomical, morphological, and chemical characterization of Bambusa tulda, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Bambusa balcooa, Malocana baccifera, Bambusa arundinacea, and Eucalyptus tereticornis
Authors: Sharma Arvind Kumar , Dutt Dharm , Upadhyaya J. S. , Roy T. K.
Published: June 2023

Due to scarcity of cellulosic wood fibers five bamboo species, namely B. tulda, D. hamiltonii, B. balcooa, M. baccifera, and B. arundinacea, and two eucalyptus species, namely E. tereticornis and E. grandis, were grown under North Indian climatic conditions in order to sustain fiber supply through social forestry. After four years of cultivation, these cellulosic raw materials were evaluated for anatomical structures, fibre dimensions, chemical characterization, and pulp and paper making characteristics. B. balcooa and M. baccifera contained higher holocellulose and α-cellulose contents compared to other bamboo species and lower ash contents, indicating that they are likely to pose less problem during chemical recovery. E. grandis contained higher holocellulose, α-cellulose, and lower lignin contents than that of E. tereticornis. Morphologically, bamboo species did not show much difference in fiber dimensions and their derived values. E. grandis showed problems of kink and curl due to longer fiber length than E. tereticornis. Based on pulp yield, brightness, and pulp viscosity B. balcooa, M. baccifera and E. grandis are better options for social forestry among other species.
Use of a dynamic sheet former (DSF) to examine the effect of filler addition and white water recirculation on fine papers containing high-yield pulp
Authors: Zhang Hongjie , Yuan Zhirun , Gilbert Daniel , Ni Yonghao , Zou Xuejun
Published: June 2023

With increased interest in using high-yield pulps (HYP) in uncoated and coated wood-free paper, Such tests were carried out by means of a Dynamic Sheet Former (DSF) sheet with white water recirculation, considering the high fines content of HYP and the usually high filler content in fine papers. In this study, we evaluated the use of a DSF that is equipped with a white water recirculation tank for making oriented sheets under various conditions. The effects of different factors such as operational variables, use of retention aids, and recirculation of white water were examined and clarified in terms of retention of fines and fillers as well as their impact on paper properties. The effect of HYP content on filler retention was also examined.
Pyrolysis of crude tall oil-derived products
Authors: Lappia Hanna E. , Alén Raimo J.
Published: June 2023

Crude tall oil (CTO) soap, purified and neutralised CTO, and neutralised distilled tall oil (DTO) were pyrolysed (at 750ºC for 20 s) by pyrolysis gas chromatography with mass-selective and flame ionisation detection (Py-GC/MSD and FID) to clarify their thermochemical behaviour. In each case, the pyrolysates were characteristically dependent on the feedstock, and a wide range of volatile aliphatic and aromatic compounds with some chemically bound oxygen formed. The CTO soap pyrolysate was typically composed of initial extractives-type compounds together with a significant amount of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatics, whereas the DTO pyrolysate contained mostly just unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatics. These data are of importance when considering the suitability of various extractives-derived resources for producing bioliquids and chemicals.
Paper aging and degradation: Recent findings and research methods
Authors: Area María Cristina , Cheradame Hervé
Published: June 2023

Paper aging and conservation are matters of concern to those responsible for archives and library collections. Wood-derived fibers are mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, but paper composition can also include additives, such as starch, minerals, and synthetic polymers. Therefore, paper is a multi-component material, and because of its complex and varied nature, research findings in paper chemistry can be difficult to interpret. Deterioration of paper is caused by many factors such as acid hydrolysis, oxidative agents, light, air pollution, or the presence of microorganisms. The origin of the cellulosic material, as well as pulping and papermaking procedures, additives, and storage conditions play a crucial role. The chemical changes occurring within paper thus involve multi-parameter processes. The purpose of this review, which mainly focuses on the most recent decade, is to provide a description of the more important changes produced by aging and an update of the new tools available for the study of paper deterioration and its conservation.
Nueva especie del género Charinus (Amblypygi; Charinidae) del Cusco, Perú
Authors: De Armas Luis F. , Palomino-Cardenas Andrea C.
Published: June 2023

Se describe una especie nueva del género Charinus Simon, 1892, procedente del distrito Santa Teresa (1436 –1511 m de altitud), en La Convención, Cusco, Perú, la cual es la tercera para dicha región y la quinta para este país sudamericano. Su aspecto general y los gonópodos de la hembra son muy parecidos a los de Charinus longitarsus Armas & Palomino-Cardenas, 2016 y C. yanatile Palomino-Cardenas & Armas, 2022, también del Cusco; pero se diferencia de ambas por presentar en la distitibia del cuarto par de patas 16 tricobotrios, en lugar de 14; además, C. longitarsus posee 30 tarsómeros en las patas I (43 en la especie nueva); mientras que en C. yanatile, el tubérculo ocular es más grande y el tarsómero 1 del primer par de patas es más largo que los dos siguientes juntos (en la especie nueva es más corto). También se enmienda la descripción de los gonópodos femeninos de C. longitarsus y se incluye una clave taxonómica para la identificación de las especies peruanas de Charinus.
Publicación registrada en Zoobank/ZooBank article registered:LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F00CAB9F-4562-466E-93AD-9C07AB977721Acto nomenclatural/nomenclatural act:Charinus castilloae Armas & Palomino-Cárdenas, 2023LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4AC454B0-1DCB-46D4-8379-4876E28E684C
Un caso de leucismo en el Juil de Jamapa, Rhamdia laticauda (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) en el noreste del estado de Oaxaca, México
Authors: Julián-Caballero César Camilo , Martínez-Ramírez Emilio , Gómez-Ugalde Rosa María , Cruz-Arenas Eufemia
Published: June 2023

Se reporta la primera observación de un espécimen leucístico en el Juil de Jamapa, Rhamdia laticauda en el noreste del estado de Oaxaca. En un estudio ictiológico de la Reserva de la Biosfera Tehuacán-Cuicatlán en el río Xiquila de la cuenca alta del río Papaloapan, el pez se capturó con pesca eléctrica y se fotografió. El bagre vivo mostró una reducción de pigmentos en la piel, manchas blancas y ojos negros normales. Esto contribuye al conocimiento de la variabilidad intraespecífica y la historia natural de R. laticauda. Se discuten las causas potenciales de esta anomalía de color.
Cacería para autoconsumo durante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Farfan Flores Johny , Zarate Cardenas Karol , Mujica Chacon Oscar , Silva Beltran Juvenal , Alfaro-Tapia Armando , Jara Cayo Jose Luis , Vicente Sacaro Jose Luis , Coshante Cashiri Paulina , Yoveni Chinoa Raul , Kapeshi Mendoza Ronal
Published: June 2023

En este trabajo, se hipotetiza el periodo de aislamiento, la inmovilización y la migración inversa que sucedidos durante la pandemia del COVID-19 (años 2020 y 2021) incrementaron la capacidad de caza de las comunidades Matsigenkas asentadas en el Parque Nacional del Manu (PN Manu). Para esto, evaluamos los cambios en los patrones del volumen de extracción de la caza a través de un monitoreo participativo utilizando el modelo de monitoreo de la intensidad de cacería. Se evidenció que hubo un incremento de la capacidad de caza de las comunidades nativas. Los volúmenes más altos de extracción y el mayor incremento del número de cazadores, esfuerzo y área de cacería se dieron en el periodo 2020 – 2021, cuando las medidas de aislamiento e inmovilización fueron establecidas. Sin embargo, hubo una disminución de los indicadores para la temporada 2021 – 2022, año en que se flexibilizaron las medidas de aislamiento y se dio la reactivación económica, permitiendo que las personas retornaran a sus actividades económicas y educativas fuera del PN Manu. Se debe considerar que los efectos de solo un año de pandemia sobre los medios de subsistencia de las comunidades pudieron afectar la abundancia de la fauna silvestre, donde el mono maquisapa y mono choro (especies vulnerables) tuvieron altos incrementos de extracción. Por otro lado, nuestros resultados indicarían que el buen estado de conservación del PN Manu permitió la provisión de alimentos a las comunidades durante la pandemia. Se recomienda la planificación de programas que mitiguen los efectos negativos de pandemias o eventos semejantes, además se señala la importancia de medir el grado de resiliencia de las principales especies de caza, ya que el incremento de caza también podría tener efectos sobre la seguridad alimentaria de estas comunidades.
STEM ugdymas Lietuvoje: posthumanizmo perspektyva
Authors:   , Vaitekaitis Jogaila
Published: June 2023

STEM Education in Lithuania: a Posthumanist Perspective
ГАРМОНІЗАЦІЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОГО CЕРЕДОВИЩА СТРЕСОСТІЙКОСТІ КОРПОРАТИВНОГО СЕКТОРУ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: ЄФИМЕНКО Тетяна
Published: June 2023

Уже майже півтора року від початку повномасштабного вторгнення російських військ до України наш народ демонструє всьому світові наявність безцінних вітчизняних нематеріальних активів: культурних, етнічних, генетичних, інтелектуальних – у форматі мужності, рішучості, комунікативності, лідерства і стійкості. Завдяки синергійному ефекту їх поєднання з матеріальною складовою в цілому збережено макроекономічну, фінансову і зовнішню стабільність, хоча загрози деструктивних явищ посилюються. Тому, незважаючи на нашу незламність і підтримку Міжнародного валютного фонду та інше значне офіційне фінансування ззовні, перед Україною й надалі поставатимуть серйозні виклики й залишатимуться істотні потреби в грошово-кредитному ресурсі. Корпоративний сектор економіки потребує високих обсягів капіталовкладень, які є неможливими без гармонізації інформаційного простору ділової активності підприємців і роботодавців із світовими нормами і правилами дотримання принципів транспарентності, підзвітності, захисту прав власності, а також поліпшення інвестиційного клімату й подолання корупції на всіх рівнях.
З використанням сучасних економічних теорій, досліджень, з одного боку, і досвіду корпоративного підприємництва в координатах регулюючої ролі наднаціональних, державних структур – з іншого, визначено методологічні засади просування найкращої практики звітування підприємств про сталий розвиток з метою їх подальшої імплементації в Україні. На основі аналізу ключових змін, які вносяться до Директив ЄС, інших міжнародних регламентів, запропоновано шляхи подальшої стандартизації розкриття інформації про стресостійкість, а також сталий розвиток суб’єктів господарювання. Обґрунтовано доречність інтеграції до звітного циклу підприємств даних щодо потенціалу шокової резилієнтності в умовах війни і повоєнної відбудови, які є вельми суттєвими.
МІЖНАРОДНИЙ ДОСВІД ПОВОЄННОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ
Authors: ДЕЙНЕКО Людмила , ЦИПЛІЦЬКА Олена , КУШНІРЕНКО Оксана , ГАХОВИЧ Наталія , ЗАВГОРОДНЯ Марія
Published: June 2023

Розкрито історико-економічні передумови, окреслено контури політики макроекономічної стабілізації і промислового розвитку, що була імплементована для повоєнного відновлення країнами Європи, Азії, Африки, які переживали війни і конфлікти у ХХ–ХХІ ст. Виокремлено чинники, які визначали траєкторію промислового відродження в кожній країні: глобальні, інституційні, макроекономічні, ресурсні, інноваційно-технологічні тощо. Оцінено результати впровадження «плану Маршала» в європейських країнах і Японії, а також інших видів міжнародної допомоги для постраждалих країн. Відзначено множинність поведінкових патернів держави, які обумовлювали обрання конкретного напряму промислового відродження: реструктуризація промислового сектору (Європа), інноваційно-технологічна модернізація (Ізраїль, азійські країни), великі промислові проєкти (Єгипет) або відстороненість держави від суттєвого втручання в структурні трансформації економіки (країни Західних Балкан). Виявлено визначальну роль формування  сприятливого бізнес-клімату в повоєнний період для стимулювання припливу інвестицій у промисловий та інші сектори економіки, а також позитивний вплив державних інвестицій у розбудову фізичної інфраструктури та інноваційної екосистеми.
Визначено, що повоєнне відновлення промисловості відбувалося швидко і мало стабільні результати в країнах, де було сформовано ринкові засади господарювання і стійкі інститути (Західна Європа); у азійських країнах процес відновлення мав короткострокові успіхи після Другої світової війни, але промислова модернізація фактично тривала десятиліттями внаслідок відмінностей у стратегіях економічного розвитку різних урядів. Недостатня увага держави до промислового сектору часто була причиною деіндустріалізації і слабкого інноваційного розвитку держави (країни Західних Балкан).
Встановлено, що очікувана міжнародна фінансова і технічна допомога рідко направлялася безпосередньо на підтримку промислового сектору, що спонукало держави акумулювати власні ресурси, зберігати державну форму власності на великі промислові об’єкти всупереч цілям приватизації або створювати умови для залучення іноземних інвестицій, формуючи експортоорієнтовану модель економіки.