bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the public health risk caused by exposure to atmospheric emissions from an aluminum plant
Authors: Surzhikov Dmitry V. , Kislitsyna Vera V. , Golikov Roman A. , Likontseva Yuliya S. , Shtaiger Varvara A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Aluminum production is accompanied by emissions of pollutants that can negatively affect the environment and public health.
The study aims to determine the impact of atmospheric emissions from an aluminum plant on the health of the population of the city of Novokuznetsk based on a risk assessment.
Materials and methods. The volume of maximum permissible emissions of the Novokuznetsk Aluminum Plant was used in the work. Experts calculated the maximum and average concentrations of substances at 40 exposure points. The maximum permissible concentrations of substances were determined in accordance with SanPiN 1.2.3685-21. The authors calculated the carcinogenic risk and the risk of non-carcinogenic effects in accordance with the Guidelines 2.1.10.1920-04. They carried out the classification of risk levels based on methodological recommendations 2.1.10.0156-19. 2.1.10.
Results. The authors have selected pollutants were for risk assessment: inorganic dust with a SiO2 content of <20%, sulfur dioxide, benz(a)pyrene, hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, suspended solids, nitrogen oxide, carbon (soot). The maximum concentrations were 0.1–3.77 MPC for inorganic dust (SiO2<20%), 0.1–2.64 MPC for hydrogen fluoride and 0.05–1.74 MPC for sulfur dioxide; average concentrations were up to 9.16 MPC for benz(a)pyrene. The hazard indices for acute exposure are at an acceptable level; For chronic exposures, they correspond to alarming and high levels, reaching the highest value (13.469) at a point located closer to the sources of emissions. Hazard indices for critical organs and systems in acute exposures are at acceptable or minimum (target) levels, in chronic exposures they correspond to alarming and high-risk levels. The respiratory and immune systems are most affected. The total individual carcinogenic risk ranges from 4×10–7 to 8×10–6, without exceeding the upper limit of the permissible risk. Residents of the Kuznetsk district of the city are most affected by emissions.
Limitations. The main limitation in the work carried out was the use of calculated concentrations of pollutants for risk assessment without the use of in-kind indicators.
Conclusion. Elevated concentrations of pollutants were detected in the atmospheric air of residential areas adjacent to the territory of the aluminum plant, which determine alarming and high levels of non-carcinogenic risk to public health.
Ethics. This study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics Committee.
Interview with Professor Aaron Hughes: American Orientalism and Understanding the Quran in the Light of Late Antiquity
Authors: Kara Bayram
Published: October 2024

This study includes our interview with Aaron Hughes, who continued his studies on Islam in the United States. Hughes, a professor at the University of Rochester, is highly knowledgeable and widely recognized in the field of Religious Studies. The questions we posed to Hughes were re-lated to two subjects: American Orientalism and Late Antiquity. As far as we can determine, there are very few studies on these two subjects in Türkiye. This interview will attempt to contribute to the Turkish academic community. The question of which centuries are included in the Late An-tiquity created by Peter Brown is a matter of debate. This period, which generally covers the pe-riod from the 2nd century AD to the end of the 8th century in historiography, is constantly being stretched by researchers in the United States. Garth Fowden, who expanded the period even fur-ther and extended it to a longer period, put forward the theory of the “First Millennium”. This periodization, which has made a great leap forward in the field of history with the studies con-ducted in recent years, has begun to be used effectively in Qur’anic studies. Angelika Neuwirth, a German-born orientalist, has conducted an intertextual reading by placing the Quran within the epistemic fabric of Late Antiquity with her Corpus Coranicum project. This method, which is also used in the works of American orientalists such as Stephen Shoemaker, Daniel Beck, Sean Anthony, Gabriel Said Reynolds and David Powers, seems likely to dominate the field in the coming years.
Урожайність та якість насіння гібридів соняшнику (Helianthus annuus L.) залежно від системи удобрення
Authors: Тоцький В. М. , Гангур В. В. , Поляков І. А.
Published: October 2024

За результатами досліджень проведених на Полтавській ДСГДС ім. М. І. Вавилова впродовж 2022–2023 рр., виявлено позитивний вплив системи удобрення на показники урожайності та якості насіння гібридів соняшнику. Застосування позакореневого підживлення рослин карбамідом 10 кг/га на фоні мінеральних добрив N32Р32К32 забезпечило одержання врожайності гібридів Кадет, Ярило, Вирій на рівні, відповідно 3,11; 2,75; 3,18 т/га, що на 0,41 т/га, 0,38 т/га і 0,47 т/га більше порівняно з контролем (без добрив). Істотне підвищення врожайності (0,32–0,42 т/га), порівняно з контролем, спостерігали також і на варіанті, де позакореневе підживлення рослин проводили стимулятором гумат калію (0,4 л/га) на фоні аналогічної дози мінеральних добрив. Середня врожайність гібриду Кадет за даного варіанту удобрення становила 3,06 т/га, Ярило – 2,69 т/га, Вирій – 3,13 т/га або поступалася попередньому варіанту удобрення на 0,02–0,10 т/га. У разі внесення мінерального удобрення дозою N12Р52, а також позакореневого підживлення рослин карбамідом (10 кг/га) або гумат калію (0,4 л/га) урожайність гібридів знаходилися в межах 2,55–3,01 т/га, що перевищує контроль (без добрив) на 0,14–0,30 т/га. Встановлено, що найбільше олії у насінні ранньостиглого гібриду Кадет та середньораннього Ярило накопичувалося за позакореневого підживлення рослин стимулятором гумат калію на фоні внесення мінеральних добрив у дозі N32Р32К32 – 51,4 %. Середньостиглий гібрид Вирій формував максимальний показник олійності на варіанті із позакореневим підживленням посівів карбамідом (10 кг/га) на фоні мінеральних добрив N12Р52 – 51,0 %. Поєднання в системі живлення рослин соняшнику основного внесення мінеральних добрив та позакореневого підживлення посівів у фазу 5–6 пар листків сприяло одержанню найвищого збору олії з одиниці площі (1229–1422 кг/га).
Вплив еймеріостатиків на морфологічні показники крові поросят за змішаного перебігу ізоспорозу і криптоспоридіозу
Authors: Богач О. М. , Богач М. В.
Published: October 2024

Значний вплив на ефективність свинарства спричиняють кишкові паразити. Особливу небезпеку для молодняку становлять протозоози, оскільки вони можуть викликати діарею та зневоднення, що може призвести до загибелі тварин. Серед багатьох патогенів, які викликають діарею у поросят-сисунів, провідну роль відіграють Isospora suis, Eimeria spp. і Cryptosporidium spp. Більшість паразитів здатні пригнічувати імунну систему хазяїна. При хронічних паразитарних захворюваннях насамперед страждають кровотворна, антиоксидантна та імунна системи. Контроль ефективності дії еймеріостатиків за змішаного перебігу ізоспорозу і криптоспорозу поросят проводили за морфологічними показниками крові. Використання Турилу 5 %, Бровітакокциду і Ампролеву-плюс призводить до тенденції покращення стану організму, що підтверджується змінами в морфологічному складі крові поросят. Проте найбільш виражені зміни та в найкоротші терміни (на 14-ту добу лікування) спостерігалися у тварин, яким застосовували препарат Ампролев-плюс. Вміст гемоглобіну збільшився на 7,2 %, кількість лейкоцитів зменшилась на 19,3 %, паличкоядерних нейтрофілів – на 42,3 %, сегментоядерних нейтрофілів – на 16,4 %. До лікування у інвазованих поросят з дослідних груп реєстрували лімфопенію, тобто імунодефіцитний стан. Підвищення кількості лімфоцитів на 9,1 % відбулося за рахунок вмісту в препараті імуностимулятору. Після застосування Турилу 5 % і Бровітакокциду відновлення морфологічних показників реєстрували лише на 28 добу. Вміст гемоглобіну збільшився відповідно на 9,7 % і 8,3 %, кількість лейкоцитів зменшилась на 15,3 % і 20,6 %, паличкоядерних нейтрофілів – на 37,0 % і 42,3 %, сегментоядерних нейтрофілів – на 11,5 % і 16,1 %. Застосування еймеріостатиків у поросят, уражених ізоспорозом (спричиненим Isospora suis) та криптоспоридіозом (спричиненим Cryptosporidium spp.), має значний вплив на параметри їхньої крові і допомагає контролювати захворювання. Вони використовуються для контролю та зниження паразитарного навантаження, тим самим полегшуючи клінічні симптоми захворювання.
Вплив хронічної хвороби нирок на серцево-судинну систему у собак: механізми розвитку кардіоренального синдрому
Authors: Замошніков В. О.
Published: October 2024

Хронічна хвороба нирок (ХХН) є серйозною патологією, що впливає не тільки на функцію нирок, але й на серцево-судинну систему у собак, тому здійснення поглибленого аналізу літературних джерел з метою встановлення впливу хронічної хвороби нирок на серцево-судинну систему у собак та вивчення механізмів розвитку кардіоренального синдрому для поліпшення діагностики і лікування цього стану є актуальним пи-танням. Багато вчених досліджували взаємозв’язок між ХХН та розвитком кардіоренального синдрому (КРС), який виникає через взаємодію між порушеннями в нирках і серцево-судинній системі. Зокрема, зниження функції нирок, що характеризували підвищеними рівнями сироваткового азоту сечовини (BUN) і креатиніну, а також зниженою швидкістю клубочкової фільтрації (ШКФ), сприяє розвитку КРС. У статті представлено всебічний огляд впливу хронічної хвороби нирок (ХХН) на серцево-судинну систему у собак, підкреслюючи механізми розвитку кардіоренального синдрому (КРС). Хронічна дисфункція нирок має значний вплив на серцево-судинну систему, часто супроводжуючись підвищеним ризиком серцевої недостатності. Основними показниками зниження функції нирок у собак з ХХН є підвищені рівні сироваткового азоту сечовини (BUN) та креатиніну, а також знижена швидкість клубочкової фільтрації (ШКФ). Гіперфосфатемія і порушення метаболізму кальцію призводять до кальцинозу коронарних судин, що додатково погіршує стан серцево-судинної системи. Анемія, яка часто супроводжує ХХН, збільшує ризик розвитку серцевої недостатності через посилення гіпоксії та метаболічних порушень в серці. Зроблено огляд методів комплексного лікування КРС, що включає своєчасну діагностику, контроль електролітного балансу, управління запальними процесами та оксидативним стресом. Встановлено закономірності виникнення кардіоренального синдрому залежно від прароди собак, їх статі та ваги. Розглянуто ключові механізми патогенезу КРС, включаючи запальні процеси, оксидативний стрес та електролітний дисбаланс. Описано вклад активації ренін-ангіотензин-альдостеронової системи при хронічній хворобі нирок у розвиток серцевих патологій. У статті представлено результати регресійного аналізу маркерів ризику КРС у собак з ХХН, що допомагає поліпшити діагностику і лікування цього стану. У дослідженні розглянуто взаємозв’язок між ХХН і захворюваннями серця у собак, підкреслюючи важливість анемії та електролітного дисбалансу у розвитку кардіоренального синдрому. Отримані результати щодо механізмів розвитку кардіоренального синдрому у собак з хронічною хворобою нирок можуть бути корисними для подальших досліджень та ефективного лікування даного патологічного процесу.
Barriers and facilitators to engagement in psychological therapy in first episode psychosis: a meta-ethnography and qualitative comparative analysis.
Authors: Fahy Leanne , Lee Linda , Newlove Liberty , Wood Lisa , O'Driscoll Ciarán
Published: October 2024

Background: Disengagement from psychological therapies in first episode psychosis is a common occurrence, with personal costs associated to untreated problems. This study aimed to establish the barriers and facilitators of people experiencing First Episode Psychosis (FEP) to engagement in psychological therapies by undertaking a meta-ethnography and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) of existing qualitative literature.Method: A systematic search was conducted in multiple databases including Psychinfo, Ovid Medline, Web of Science, EthOs, OPENgrey and Procrest in July 2021 (updated in July 2024). The search identified 6,966 titles and 71 full texts that were reviewed for eligibility. 23 studies were found to meet eligibility and were critically appraised. Data was systematically extracted and synthesised in a meta-ethnography and QCA.Results: Seven themes were identified as barriers to engagement in psychological therapy (Ambivalence to therapy, Emotional distress, Fluctuating symptoms, Negative expectations, Physical capacity, Service limitations and Therapy preference unmet), and six themes were identified as facilitators (Destigmatizing, Accessibility of digital therapy, Positive expectations of therapy are met, Service factors, Therapists interpersonal approach and skills, and Therapy preferences met). The QCA identified a model with Therapists interpersonal approach and skills, as sufficient (i.e. whenever that condition is present, the outcome is also guaranteed to be present) for engagement in psychological therapy, while Emotional distress was a sufficient barrier to engagement. Conclusions: Engagement is a multifaceted construct with many factors unique to an individual’s experience, impacted by emotional, social, practical, and service level factors. Strengths, limitations, and recommendations of the findings are discussed.
Demographic consequences of coastal infrastructure projects: Humpback dolphins in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Stephen C.Y. , Ho Yuen-Wa , Karczmarski Leszek
Published: October 2024

In fast-developing regions, rapid coastal urbanization has led to considerable transformation of both landscapes and seascapes, with various adverse implications for species dependent on inshore habitats. As reliable estimates of vital demographic rates reflect the population-level responses to stressors, rigorous quantification of these parameters is central to assessing the consequences of human-induced environmental change. As a case-in-point, we quantified the reproductive parameters and calf survivorship of an obligatory inshore delphinid, the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, in the anthropogenic seascape of Hong Kong prior and during two consecutive large-scale coastal infrastructure projects. Our 8-year photo-ID mark-recapture dataset was examined with both frequentist and Bayesian techniques. The reproductive output of female dolphins worsened significantly following the onset of construction activities, eventually declining alarmingly close to zero. Annual recruitment rate followed a similar trajectory. Concurrently, calf survival rates (pooled across the study period) were low, with <60% of newborns surviving the first 3-month and <46% surviving their first year of life. Both mean crude birth rate (~0.03) and annual recruitment rate (~0.02) were among the lowest reported for coastal delphinids to date. Cumulatively, all of this slows population recruitment and increases population susceptibility to stochastic events. We conclude that natural factors alone are not likely to cause such critically low demographic rates, underscoring the vulnerability of obligatory inshore species to growing anthropogenic pressure and habitat loss in fast-changing coastal seas. We emphasize the need for proactive (instead of reactive) conservation based on reliable sentinel model system and wise use of the precautionary principle.
Navigating the Depths: An Assessment of the Management and Operations of Alau Dam Reservoir.
Authors: Gutti Mala Babagana , Yunusa Jibril Alhaji , Busuma Umar , Wazir Sadiq Abdullahi
Published: October 2024

The management and operation of water reservoirs particularly in regions susceptible to climate change and inadequate resource utilization requires careful consideration. This research focuses on the Alau dam situated in Northern Nigeria, a critical water source for the region. Despite its significance, the dam's performance faces challenges such as sedimentation, flooding, and insufficient adaptation to climate change. This study investigates the current state of management and operations at the Alau dam's reservoir emphasizing the frequency, challenges, and existing strategies. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, including interviews, field observations, and analysis of water quality and water level, and aerial imagery. The study investigates the impact of these factors on the dam’s capacity, functionality, and structural integrity. Over time, sediment deposition has substantially reduced the reservoir’s effective storage capacity, leading to a misleading increase in surface area without corresponding water volume, thereby heightening the risk of overtopping and structural failure. Additionally, delayed and inflexible water release practices have exacerbated downstream flooding, while placing excessive hydraulic pressure on the dam's infrastructure, particularly the earthen embankments. The absence of a sediment management plan, coupled with inadequate maintenance, has further compromised the dam’s operational effectiveness and increased the likelihood of catastrophic failure. This study highlights the need for a shift toward adaptive management practices, including sediment removal, regular maintenance, real-time monitoring, and the incorporation of environmental flows. Recommendations include the implementation of a data-driven water release policy, infrastructure upgrades, secondary storage systems, and enhanced stakeholder engagement. These measures are critical for reducing flood risks, preserving downstream ecosystems, and ensuring the long-term sustainability and safety of the Alau Dam.
Emotional predictors of environmental policy support and opposition
Authors: Hignell Benedict , Bakaki Zorzeta , Valentini Elia
Published: October 2024

Understanding the affective responses to the climate and ecological emergency is essential to the development of and compliance with mitigation and adaptation policy. Empirical evidence suggests that individuals feeling negative emotions about the state of nature and the climate are more likely to show greater support for environmental policy. This is the first study investigating which among twenty discrete emotions predict attitudes to nationally relevant British policies. We presented UK residents with three sets of contemporary environmental policies in two cross-sectional online web surveys whereby respondents rated their support (or opposition) for the Conservative Government’s manifesto, the Climate and Ecology Bill, and the Green New Deal Bill. By capitalising on a hierarchical approach that combined both evidence-based and theoretically informed expectations, we found that higher levels of worry and terror predicted greater policy support. In contrast, those who reported boredom were less supportive. These findings dovetail with previous literature and provide new fine-grained insights on complex relationship between emotions and environmental policy support. Our analytical strategy underscores the importance of integrating both a priori and explorative models to enhance statistical sensitivity, thereby capturing a broader spectrum of affective states that might otherwise be overlooked but may be crucial for designing targeted interventions.
Identifying Similarity- and Rule-Based Processes in Quantitative Judgments: A Multi-Method Approach Combining Cognitive Modeling and Eye Tracking
Authors: Seitz Florian Ismael , Albrecht Rebecca , von Helversen Bettina , Rieskamp Jörg , Rosner Agnes
Published: October 2024

Quantitative judgments have been suggested to result from a mixture of similarity- and rule-based processing. People can judge an object’s criterion value based on the object’s similarity to previously experienced exemplars and based on a rule that integrates the object’s cues like a linear regression. In order to better understand these processes, the present work combines cognitive modeling and eye tracking and tests whether people who rely more on the similarity to exemplars also look more at the exemplar locations on the screen. In two eye tracking studies, participants learned to assign each of four exemplars to a different screen corner and criterion value and then judged the criterion value of briefly presented test stimuli. Eye tracking measured participants’ gazes to the now empty exemplar locations (a phenomenon called looking-at-nothing); cognitive modeling of the test phase judgments quantified participants’ reliance on a similarity- over a rule-based process. Participants showed more similarity usage and more looking-at-nothing in the study in which the cues were linked to the criterion by a multiplicative function than in the study with an additive cue-criterion link. Focusing on the study with a multiplicative environment, participants relying more on the similarity to exemplars also showed more looking-at-nothing (τ = 0.25, p = .01). Within trials, looking-at-nothing was usually directed at the one exemplar that was most similar to the test stimulus. These results show that a multi-method approach combining process tracing and cognitive modeling can provide mutually supportive insights into the processes underlying higher-order cognition.
Evidence for an Inverted Aubert-Fleischl Effect
Authors: Jörges Björn , Harris Laurence
Published: October 2024

For many years the accepted wisdom in vision science has been that humans tend to underestimate the speed of an object when they pursue it with their gaze in comparison to when they fixate a spot in the visual scene and the object moves across the retina, an effect that is referred to as the Aubert-Fleischl phenomenon. However, experiments on the Aubert-Fleischl effect have generally employed a target moving in front of a blank background. For objects moving in the real world, relative motion between the object and the background provides additional cues, potentially allowing the visual system to compensate for the Aubert-Fleischl phenomenon. To test this hypothesis, we asked 50 participants to compare the speed of a single sphere to the speed of a sphere-cloud in a two-interval forced-choice task while they either followed the single sphere with their gaze or kept their eyes on a fixation cross. Stimuli were presented in virtual reality and the sphere’s movement could occur either in a completely black environment with no relative motion cues present, or against a visible, textured background behind the moving sphere. The probe sphere-cloud always moved in darkness. In a large data set (n = 50), we found no evidence for an Aubert-Fleischl effect, i.e., no evidence for an underestimation of speed during pursuit, in either of the environments. We report some evidence for an inversion of the Aubert-Fleischl effect, in which the tracked sphere appeared to move faster when pursued, particularly when relative motion was present. Our results challenge the prevailing notion that object speed is underestimated when the object is pursued versus when fixation is maintained and highlights the necessity to take into account characteristics of the visual scene.
It’s Giving Gentrification: How Business Features Impact Gentrification and Feelings of Belonging
Authors: Esposito Emily
Published: October 2024

When higher socioeconomic status (SES), often White people move into a neighborhood, a process called gentrification, a common consequence is displacement of the long-time residents, who are often lower SES and from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. Another consequence may also be a decrease in belonging, with usual victims of gentrification being disproportionately affected by perceptions of gentrification. To understand the effects of gentrification, I examined what features of buildings and neighborhoods may relate to stronger perceptions of gentrification. Across two studies, using both qualitative and quantitative methods, I evaluated what building features (e.g., newness of business, type of establishment) impacted perceptions of gentrification, then how those perceptions, as well as building features and participant characteristics, affected belonging. As people try to remedy the negative impacts of gentrification on marginalized communities, it is important to better understand what gentrification looks like, and who it impacts the most.
Promoting RSV Vaccine Confidence Through Reversal Narrative (RN) Messaging
Authors: Motta Matt , Callaghan Timothy , Ross Jennifer , Gargano Lisa , Yokum David Vincent
Published: October 2024

Infection with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is associated with tens of thousands of hospitalizations in a typical year. Most US adults are not likely to experience severe cases of RSV infection, but adults aged 60 or older are at elevated risk of experiencing hospitalization or death due to RSV. While RSV vaccines are available for adults aged 60 or older, and have been shown to significantly reduce the likelihood that older adults experience severe cases of RSV, less than one quarter of those eligible have opted to receive the vaccine. In the context of RSV vaccination, Reversal Narrative (RN) messages share stories about individuals who previously refused to receive the vaccine, but – in response to personal negative health outcomes (“regret” RN messaging) and/or new scientific information (“rationalizing” RN messaging) – ultimately changed their mind. In a large and nationally representative survey (N = 1,300) of US adults, as well as a state-representative survey (N = 850) of a highly vaccinated US state, we demonstrate that unvaccinated adults over the age of 60 are significantly more likely to intend to receive an RSV vaccine when exposed to regret-focused (but not rationalizing) RN messaging. We conclude by discussing the viability of RN messaging as a vaccine promotion tactic, and consider how researchers might partner with health communicators to explore their viability in a wide range of health contexts.
„Zasada kręcenia”. Autotematyzm w twórczości Adama Zdrodowskiego
Authors: Piechura Joanna
Published: October 2024

The author of the article analyses Adam Zdrodowski’s poetry collection entitled "Moon Machine" (2019), both in the context of his previous books and the output of Polish writers born in the same decade, the 1970s. The heteronyms portrayed in "Moon Machine" suggest that after a six-year break from writing, the poet sought new ways to produce self-reflexive texts by creating metaleptic loops and deconstructing the authorial figure rather than reproducing the same Oulipian constraints that were prevalent in his previous collections.
Pragmatyczne organizmy mechaniczne – o dojrzewaniu modeli poetyckich Kacpra Bartczaka
Authors: Meller Oskar
Published: October 2024

The discussion about forms of poetic engagement concerned mainly poets born in the 1980s and 1990s, leaving aside the question of how poets born in the 1970s approached political dilemmas. Among them Kacper Bartczak’s project deserves our attention, for it outlines the horizon of relationship between the poetic form and the forms of exter- nality. This article is an attempt to trace how Bartczak has arrived at the organic form characteristic of his works, which reflect in their syntax various tensions between the structure of language and external matter.
Life in the Huddle: Risk, Representation, and the Labour of Athletic Practice in Sarah DeLappe’s The Wolves
Authors: Strange Jared
Published: October 2024

Despite being framed by its author as “not really about soccer,” Sarah DeLappe’s Pulitzer-nominated play The Wolves acutely dramatizes the social dynamics that mark the girls’ indoor soccer team at its centre. Sports plays like DeLappe’s are useful contributions to the political discourses on women’s sport because they de-contextualize sportswomen from the prerogative to win, a cultural compulsion that often feeds individualistic “post-feminist” ideologies and perpetuates the dubious supposition that athletic excellence is a pathway to external liberation. Drawing from Holly Thorpe, Marianne Clark, and Julie Brice’s notion of biocultural creativity, this article demonstrates how The Wolves illuminates the performative processes through which sportswomen cultivate their personal and communal bodies, often in response to institutions that exacerbate the risks already inherent in the sport. By holding The Wolves in tension with uncritical presumptions regarding the “transcendency” of sport and in conversation with the well-earned successes of the United States Women’s National Team, this article asserts that the limits of sport’s representational frameworks must be complemented with a nuanced grasp of women’s sporting politics, a politics that requires collective negotiation with vulnerability as it persists in structures within and beyond the elite level.
Katie N. Johnson. Racing the Great White Way: Black Performance, Eugene O’Neill, and the Transformation of Broadway
Authors: Black Cheryl
Published: October 2024

This book offers a meticulously researched exploration of the performance histories of Eugene O’Neill’s two major “race” plays, demonstrating how these performances negotiated and challenged racism in the theatre and society at large. Its target audiences include scholars of American theatre, Black studies, and global theatre, as well as theatre artists.
Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda İşçi ve İşveren İlişkileri
Authors: Mülayim Baki Oğuz
Published: October 2024

Sanayi devrimi, ilk kez XVIII. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında İngiltere’de gerçekleşmiştir. James Watt tarafından buhar makinasının icadı, sanayi devriminin gerçekleşmesindeki ana etkendir. İngiltere’de başlayıp, ardından tüm dünyaya yayılan sanayi devrimi, insanlık tarihinde yerleşik hayata geçilmesinden sonra yaşanan ikinci büyük dönüşümdür. Sanayi devrimi, işçi sınıfının ortaya çıkmasında önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Zira sanayi devrimi ile üretimde makine gücüne geçilmesi, üretim kapasitesini artırmıştır. Üretim kapasitesinin artması, işçi sınıfını ortaya çıkarmıştır. İşçi sınıfının ortaya çıkması beraberinde işçi ve işveren ilişkilerinden kaynaklanan sorunlara yol açmıştır. Bu doğrultuda işçi ve işveren arasındaki ilişkilerin düzenlenmesi gereği ortaya çıkmıştır.
Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda ekonomi, önemli ölçüde tarıma dayalı bulunmakta idi. Sanayileşmenin gecikmesine bağlı olarak işçi sınıfının ortaya çıkması da gecikmiştir. İşçi sınıfı, ancak XIX. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru çok sınırlı bir şekilde ortaya çıkmıştır. Zira kapitülasyonlar sonucunda sömürgeci ülkelerin açık pazarı haline gelmesi, imparatorluğunun sanayileşmesine engel olmuştur. İşçi sınıfı, daha çok devlete ait işletmeler ile yabancı sermayenin hâkim olduğu işletmelerde görülmüştür. İmparatorluk, bir tarım toplumu olduğundan, emek yoğun tarım işletmelerinde de tarım işçilerinin varlığı görülmüştür. İlk fabrikalar, ordu ve sarayın artan ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması için devlet tarafından kurulmuştur. İşçi sınıfının devlet eli ile oluşturulduğu söylenebilir.
Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda işçi sınıfının ortaya çıkmasının sınırlı ve geç olması, iş hukukunun gelişimini olumsuz etkilemiştir. Düzenlemeler, işçilerin örgütlü mücadeleleri ve eylemlerinin sonucu olarak değil, daha çok ücretli işgücü yetersizliği koşulları altında, üretimin sürekliliğini sağlamak amacı ile yapılmıştır. Düzenlemeler, işçi hareketlerini yasaklayıcı nitelik taşımakta, ayrıca belirli bölgelerde çalışan işçilerin korunmasına yöneliktir. 1876 tarihli Mecelle-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, aynı zamanda çalışma ilişkilerini de düzenleyen, dolaylı ve dağınık da olsa düzenlemelerin yer aldığı ilk genel nitelikli kanun niteliğindedir.
Escribir en la universidad con apoyo de IA: ansiedad y utilidad percibida en el uso de chat GPT
Authors: Oyarzún Yáñez Romina , Rodríguez Rodríguez María Nayra
Published: October 2024

Introducción: La inteligencia artificial ha permeado en muchos de los más importantes ámbitos de la sociedad, y uno de ellos es la educación superior. Sin embargo, poco se ha estudiado sobre los efectos que la inclusión de esta nueva tecnología puede tener en el aula universitaria y, en particular, en la escritura a nivel terciario. Metodología: Este artículo se propone un objetivo doble: en primer lugar, comparar el nivel de ansiedad en una tarea de escritura ‘tradicional’ en contraste con una en la que se utilizó GPT durante su realización; en segundo lugar, identificar la utilidad percibida de GPT que tienen los estudiantes universitarios, como parte del proceso de adaptación tecnológica. Resultados: Como parte de los resultados, se observa un mayor nivel de ansiedad en la tarea de escritura que involucró el uso de Inteligencia Artificial (IA), así como una correlación entre el nivel de ansiedad y la percepción de productividad que ofrece el uso de GPT al momento de escribir. Discusión: Se discuten las implicaciones para la docencia universitaria. Conclusiones: Se releva la necesidad de crear métodos de enseñanza que no solo incorporen tecnología en el aula, sino que también tengan en cuenta los efectos emocionales y cognitivos que estas pueden generar en los estudiantes.
Making Sense of the Political in Twentieth-Century China
Authors: Fan Xin
Published: October 2024

At the opening of the twentieth century, some believed that there was a lack of political consciousness among the Chinese people. They introduced foreign political theories, attempting to engage Chinese citizenry with the political. Yet what the political entails remains an unresolved issue even in China today. This article traces the history of Chinese translation of the political through a dynamic process of language adaptation and cultural appropriation. It argues that two competing legacies, one that promises the politicization as a way to liberate individual subjectivity in a modernizing society and another that calls for the order and organization that subject individual will to the collective power of the state, have exerted combined influences on shaping the modern Chinese conception of the political. As a result, to many Chinese today, politics is not just about the daily business of people's affairs but also an orderly society with a centralized authority.
Siyaset or Politika?
Authors: Topal Alp Eren , Wigen Einar
Published: October 2024

In this article, we trace the diversification of Ottoman political vocabulary from the eighteenth century to the mid-nineteenth in a time of dynastic restoration and administrative modernization. We focus particularly on the transformation of the concept siyâset (rule, politics) which had been in use in Muslim polities for centuries, and the emergence, in the late eighteenth century, of the word politika which has come to be used alongside siyâset since then. In making sense of this bifurcation, we demonstrate that the Ottoman elite conceptions of politics were not simply replaced by the European conceptions. Rather, the equivalence of siyâset and politika was clearly contested by Ottoman statesmen, and the political terminology of rule and administration evolved in tandem with the material transformation of the Ottoman dynasty and state.
Israel's Zangwill; or, The Return of the King of Schnorrers
Authors: Bar-Yosef Eitan
Published: October 2024

This article explores Israel Zangwill's posthumous presence in Israeli culture, as reflected in various media and discursive arenas: press coverage of his death and Yahrzeits; trends in the translation, publication and staging of his works; the inauguration of streets bearing his name; and references to his views and legacy in various political debates. Demonstrating how the tensions and contradictions so typical of Zangwill's persona were interpreted by cultural commentators or appropriated by opposing political camps, the first part of the article traces and contextualises Zangwill's gradual disappearance from the Israeli cultural mainstream. The second part then moves on to consider Zangwill's unexpected comeback in 2021, when a musical production of The King of Schnorrers, adapted by Nati Brooks, was staged in Tel Aviv. While the renewed interest in Zangwill's work is rooted specifically in the playwright's Anglo-Jewish background, the production employs Zangwill's 1790s Jewish London to consider ethnic tensions in present-day Israel.
The Melting-Pot and Its Legacies
Authors: Rochelson Meri-Jane
Published: October 2024

This article examines Israel Zangwill's 1908 play The Melting-Pot as a document in American immigration history, and the role of its most contested tropes – interfaith marriage and the melting-pot itself – in his efforts to rescue suffering Jews of Europe. Through close readings of the play and with reference to other works by Zangwill in the early twentieth century, the article looks at the play as a pragmatic work in a time of international upheaval and American nativism. A discussion of the play's reception by critics and audiences indicates that what was most controversial at the time of its production was not necessarily what Zangwill was most desirous to convey. But a look at its varied meanings over time reveals the persistence of the melting-pot metaphor in discussions of immigration, identity, ethnicity and nationhood, especially in the American imaginary.
Religion and Justice – from Leviticus to Lily
Authors: Jacobi Margaret
Published: October 2024

This article was a memorial lecture to the author's father, Rabbi Harry Jacobi, and begins with a tribute to his commitment to justice. It traces the concept of justice and its application from Leviticus to the Talmud to Lily Montagu. It suggests three models of approaching justice. In Leviticus, the principle of justice is clear and its application radical, especially in the concept of the Jubilee year. In the Talmud, the complexity of justice is addressed. Examples are given of debates about disputed possession, compensation and taxation. Finally, a biography of Lily Montagu and examples of her work are presented to show how she put the theory of justice into practice. It is suggested that a threefold approach to building justice is needed: a strong sense of justice, an acknowledgement of the complexities and a commitment to actively working for justice.
Spatial and Climatic Patterns of Intraregional Migration in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Sinitsa Arseniy L.
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the impact of the geographical location of uluses (municipal districts) and their climate on intraregional migration in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Six of the most common indices describing the intensity of migration were used for the analysis. Despite strong outflows of population from the north, the disparities between the Arctic uluses and the rest of the Republic were statistically insignificant. Disparities between geographical parts of Yakutia and clusters by temperature were more marked, but they were not observed for all indices. This is due to a very low migration turnover in the south. The study finds that the geographical location of the uluses and their climate had some influence on intraregional migration, but socioeconomic determinants were much more important.
Estenosis congénita del canal anal. Caso clínico
Authors: Carro Gabriela , Salsamendi José , Puglia Paul , Giannini Gabriel
Published: October 2024

La estenosis del canal anal es una forma infrecuente de malformación anorrectal, representando el 1%. Existen pocos casos registrados sobre esta patología.Se trata de una entidad donde el ano presenta una estenosis de longitud variable, se encuentra normo-implantado, de apariencia normal,rodeado de complejo esfinteriano adecuado.Se debe descartar la presencia de malformaciones asociadas, cardiovasculares, renales, osteoarticulares, y especialmente se debe evaluar la presencia demasa pre-sacra, pudiendo presentarse teratomas, mielomeningocele anterior, entre otras.El tratamiento quirúrgico consiste en resecar el sector estenótico, realizar anoplastia respetando el complejo esfinteriano mediante un abordaje posterior, sin disección de la cara anterior del recto Debido a la presencia de un complejo esfinteriano circundante normal, el pronóstico funcional intestinal de estos pacientes es excelente.Presentamos el primer caso clínico en nuestro paísde un paciente con estenosis del canal anal, su forma de presentación, tratamiento quirúrgico y evolución.
Comparison of consumer perception of Colombian and Mexican blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Biloxi)
Authors:   Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Rubiano-Moreno Jessica , Corona Violeta ,   Universidad Panamericana - Universitat Politècnica de València, Rodríguez-Magaña Alejandro ,   Universidad Panamericana, García-Segovia Purificación ,   Universitat Politècnica de València
Published: October 2024

Los consumidores suelen asociar sus preferencias con sabores específicos según la procedencia de los alimentos y bebidas; sin embargo, no siempre se consideran estas diferencias cuando se exportan dichos alimentos. Esta investigación presenta los resultados de un estudio diseñado para evaluar diferencias interculturales en la percepción de los consumidores mexicanos y colombianos de características organolépticas (gusto general, frescura, intensidad de color, intensidad de aroma, acidez) entre el arándano cultivar biloxi cultivado en México y Colombia. Se diseñó un estudio experimental basado en un cuestionario en el que 397 consumidores de ambos países (192 en México, 205 en Colombia) evaluaron distintos atributos sensoriales de dos muestras: un arándano mexicano y uno colombiano, ambos de la variedad biloxi. Adicionalmente, se realizó un análisis de microexpresiones faciales para complementar los resultados del experimento con indicadores de valencia emocional. Se demostró que ciertas correspondencias entre las propiedades organolépticas son consistentes en ambas culturas. Específicamente, en ambas nacionalidades, se evidencia un efecto significativo en los atributos acidez, amargura y dulzura. El arándano colombiano fue percibido más dulce, mientras que el arándano mexicano fue evaluado como más amargo y ácido. Cuando el arándano evaluado fue clasificado como más ácido, la calificación de gusto general fue más baja. Estos resultados son relevantes para los productores, comercializadores y exportadores de arándanos, sabiendo que aquellas variedades más dulces serán las que tendrán mayor aceptación por parte de los consumidores colombianos y mexicanos.
How and when negative mentoring experiences influence craftsmanship spirit in new apprentices: The roles of occupational identity and regulatory focus
Authors: Guo Tengfei , Hai Shenyang , Ni Yakun , Xin Zhaoyang , Xu Yanzhen
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Although research suggests that mentors largely shape apprentices’ work attitudes and behaviors, questions remain as to how and when negative mentoring experiences can influence the formation of craftsmanship spirit among apprentices. OBJECTIVE: This study, grounded in social exchange theory and regulatory focus theory, proposed and empirically examined the mediating role of occupational identity and the moderating role of regulatory focus (i.e., promotion focus and prevention focus) in the relationship between negative mentoring experiences and craftsmanship spirit METHODS: Using three-wave data among 345 apprentices and their immediate mentor in manufacturing companies in China, we employed SPSS PROCESS macro to examine the mediating role of occupational identity and the moderating role of regulatory focus. RESULTS: The main results demonstrated that occupational identity partially mediated the link between negative mentoring experiences and craftsmanship spirit. Moreover, regulatory focus moderates the relationship between negative mentoring experiences and occupational identity, such that the relationship is stronger among employees with a higher prevention focus, and weaker among employees with a higher promotion focus. CONCLUSIONS: Organizational managers need to be aware of the negative impact of masters’ negative mentoring on apprentices’ occupational identity and craftsmanship, especially for individuals with a high prevention focus, where this negative effect is more pronounced.
Mediumship for Pets: A Pilot Study With a Triple-Blind Protocol
Authors: Tressoldi Patrizio , Liberale Laura , Sinesio Fernando
Published: October 2024

This study is the first to use a triple-blind protocol to test the mediumship for pets.  

The information obtained by the six expert mediums included in the 20 readings was evaluated by the sitters for their overall accuracy, global score, and reading identification. With respect to the control readings, the intended readings obtained a high percentage of correct information, a high overall score, and a 63.1 percentage of correct identification. All three quantitative measures were similar to those observed in a study involving deceased humans. 

This pilot study demonstrates the possibility of using mediumship for pets by applying an experimental protocol identical to that used for humans.
The Czech Republic in New Strategic Environment – Transforming the Role of the Armed Forces and Its Perception in Society
Authors: Šedivý Jiří
Published: October 2024

Shortly after regaining sovereignty, Czechoslovakia at that time demonstrated its awareness of belonging to the international community by sending soldiers to the Persian Gulf and blue helmets to the area of ​​the former Yugoslavia. And the Czech Republic in this not long tradition of engagement continues. At the same time, it seems that the Czech public is accepting the new tasks of the armed forces for the time being with understanding and Ze does not reject the involvement of Czech soldiers in actions abroad. Furthermore, it can be assumed that the political-security situation after the end of the Cold War will increasingly require this kind of engagement.
Participation in peacekeeping operations is just one of the challenges of the new situation after the end of the Cold War rolls. The transition from a closed company to an open one, which has been going on for us since 1989, will bring new risks and threats in addition to positive moments. The opening of the country and society and its gradual integration into European and Euro-Atlantic institutional structures make the Czech Republic more attractive and more accessible both for the establishment of various types of criminal activities (on a state and supranational scale), as well as for other non-state actors such as terrorist groups, fanatical sects, etc. point of view, one of the main general features of the new situation is a certain blurring of previously sharp boundaries between internal and external security. We believe that this trend requires, among other things, the transformation and distribution of the role of the armed forces.
Globalization and Another Conceptions – Search for New Approaches to International Relations
Authors: Cerny Philip G.
Published: October 2024

A substantial transformation has begun in our way of perceiving the world. Expressed in terms used by Thomas Kuhn (Kuhn, 1962), what has often been presented as four centuries of "normal science" in politics and international affairs, i.e. "Westphalian" or realist an understanding that a priori postulates that quiet "players" in international relations are(later nation-states), is questioned by a sufficiently wide range of empirical ones research, in which theorists systematically try to find an alternative "paradigm". In recent years, globalization has become the main contender for this status.
There are two problems with this supposed "paradigm shift". Chief among them is the fact that the old paradigm is still very much alive. After all, once institutions and social structures crystallize, they lock themselves into certain modes of behavior. As Talcott Parsons noted, the elements of social change must reach a cumulative threshold even before existing systems change. Thus, the state as an institutional structure "does not yield", but in fact it has new and more complex functions in our more open and interdependent world. The second problem is the fact that globalization itself is a "volatile" concept, which is highly questionable both in terms of its actual existence and its basic form.