bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Origem e implementação do 5º Grupo Escolar Barão do Rio Branco em Belém-PA (1902-1906)
Authors: Lopes Mario Allan da Silva , França Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Gomes de Souza Avelino de
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar como se deu a criação e implementação do 5º grupo escolar Barão do Rio Branco em Belém-PA no período de 1902 a 1906. É uma pesquisa documental, que utilizou como fontes históricas o Decreto nº 625 de 1899, o livro de Virgílio Oliveira de 1903, mensagens de governadores (1899-1900), o Diário Oficial de 1900, dentre outras. Dialogamos com Nosella e Buffa (2013), Sanfelice (2007), Souza (2014), Sarges (2010), Schueler e Magaldi (2009), Nery (2013), entre outros. O 5º grupo escolar foi criado pelo Decreto Nº 1.133, de 22 de março de 1902. Funcionou inicialmente em um prédio alugado e, em 1906, o Governo do Pará comprou um prédio próprio. Foi uma instituição com elevado número de matrículas e participou da formação intelectual e social de alunos e alunas, o que muito se buscava no período republicano.
Quality in education: what’s the suitable funding to the basic education?
Authors: Vargas Thaís Conte , Bizelli José Luís , Santos Cruz José Anderson
Published: July 2020

In this paper we will discuss the basis of Brazilian educational funding regarding basic education. The FUNDEB, which ends in 2020, enabled the decentralization of basic education by transfering funds according to the number of registrations per school network. This model takes into account the budget capacity of the Federal Government and other federal entities, not an initial floor that allows school units to meet their operating expenses. At this moment, we discuss the design of a new standard, based on a minimum value per student.
LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST A BOND INVESTOR ACCORDING TO THE DIGNIFIED JUSTICE
Authors: Leonard Tommy , Pakpahan Elvira Fitriyani , Heriyanti Heriyanti , Azharuddin Azharuddin
Published: July 2020

The defaulted cases that occurred at PT. Mobile-8 Telecom Tbk., Bakrie Telecom, PT. Berlian Laju Tanker is very detrimental to bondholder investors. This is the problem that is happening in the Indonesian economy and becomes serious since it can reduce the wheels of the economy, especially for the capital market. The purpose of this research is to protect investor-based bonds with dignified justice according to Teguh Prasetyo's dignified justice theory. The research method used is empirical or non-doctrinal. The results of the research stated that legal protections based on fairness are not only given to bond investors but issuers and trustees
Клинический случай успешного лечения COVID-19 в домашних условиях
Authors: Савостьянов Владимир
Published: July 2020

В статье анализируются контроль за клиническим течением COVID-19 в условиях самоизоляции и лечения в домашних условиях.
Surgical Repair of Bilateral Combined Rectus Abdominis and Adductor Longus Avulsion
Authors: Alzahrani Mohammad M. , Wilkin Geoffrey P.
Published: July 2020

Case:

In this case report, we present an adult man who sustained bilateral rectus abdominis and adductor longus avulsions with associated symphyseal instability while playing hockey. The injury was managed surgically, and the patient returned to preinjury level of function.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of such a bilateral injury. The surgical management and outcome add to the current literature, which lacks adequate evidence on the most effective management for injuries of this type.
Determinants of Masks Purchasing Decisions
Authors: Nurkhasanah Lis , Santoso Aprih
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of product quality, price perception and promotion on purchase decisions. Data collection techniques using questionnaires with a sample of 66 respondents. This study uses multiple regression analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate the quality of the product. perceived price and promotion influence purchase decisions. Product quality variable on purchasing decisions is a significant positive effect. has a standardized estimate (regression weight) of 0.328, (2) the variable price perception on purchasing decisions is a significant positive effect that has a standardized estimate (regression weight) of 0.159, (3) the variable price perception on the purchase decisions is a significant positive effect has a standardized estimate (regression weight) of 0.601.
Selecting behaviour change techniques to reduce sedentary behaviour in people with stroke using the Behaviour Change Wheel
Authors: Wondergem Roderick , Hendrickx Wendy , Wouters Eveline , Bie Rob de , Visser Johanna , Veenhof Cindy , Pisters Martijn
Published: July 2020

Background: Research has shown that sedentary behaviour increases the risk of stroke, cardiovascular disease and mortality. People with stroke are highly sedentary. Therefore, reducing sedentary behaviour might reduce the risk of secondary events and death. Personalized strategies using behavioural change techniques (BCTs) directed at reducing sedentary behaviour in people with stroke are currently lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study is to systematically determine the BCTs for a behavioural change intervention, directed at reducing sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling people with stroke,.Method: To complete the stages of the Behaviour Change Wheel , information on understanding the behaviour, identifying intervention functions, identifying BCTs and modes of delivery were needed. Per stage a literature search was conducted and nominal group technique (NGT) sessions were conducted to identify BCTs. The NGT sessions were conducted with professionals working with people with stroke and international researchers working in the stroke or sedentary behaviour field. Four different patients symptom profiles, as frequently seen in clinical practice, were used by participants during the NGT sessions: : 1. no physical or cognitive impairments; profile 2. mainly cognitive impairments; profile 3. mainly physical impairments; and profile 4. both physical and cognitive impairments. Per profile participants made their choice by rating the BCTs.Results: Five BCTs should always be included: ‘goal setting’, ‘action planning’, ‘social support’, ‘problem solving’ and ‘restructuring of the social environment’. For patients without cognitive impairments, ‘self-monitoring’, ‘feedback on behaviour’, ‘information about health consequences’ and ‘goal setting on outcome’ were advised to be included, while for patients with cognitive impairments, ‘prompts/cues’, ‘graded tasks’, ‘restructuring the physical environment’ and ‘social support practical’ should be considered. Conclusion: BCTs were identified for a behavioural change intervention aiming to reduce sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling people with first-ever stroke. BCTs recommendations depend on the presence of physical and cognitive impairments, although ‘goal setting’, ‘action planning’, ‘social support’, ‘problem solving’ and ‘restructuring of the social environment’ are recommended in all people with first-ever stroke. The identified BCTs serve as the basis for further development of a personalized blended care intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour in people with stroke.
Development and validation of a scoring system for predicting cancer patients at risk of extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae infections.
Authors: Martinez-Valencia Alvaro Jose , Martínez Brian J Gómez , Ayala Anita M Montañez , Garcia Katherin , Pedraza Ricardo Sánchez , Cetina Leydy Jiménez , Rincón Julio Cesar Gómez , Maldonado Sonia Isabel Cuervo
Published: July 2020

Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) infections are frequent and highly impact cancer patients. We developed and validated a scoring system to identify cancer patients harboring ESBL-PE at the National Institute of Cancer of Colombia. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 1695 cancer patients. Derivation phase included 710 patients admitted between 2013 to 2015, ESBL-PE positive culture (n = 265) paired by month and hospitalization ward with Non-ESBL-PE (n = 445). A crude and weighted score was developed by conditional logistic regression. The model was evaluated in a Validation cohort (n = 985) with the same eligibility criteria between 2016 to 2017. Results: The score was based on eight variables (reported with Odds Ratio and 95% confidence interval): Hospitalization ≥7 days (5.39 [2.46 - 11.80]), Hospitalization during the previous year (4 , 87 [2.99 - 7.93]), immunosuppressive therapy during the previous 3 months (2.97 [1.44-6.08]), Neutropenia (1.90 [1.12 - 3.24]), Exposure to Betalactams during previous month (1.61 [1.06 - 2.42]), Invasive devices (1.51 [1.012 - 2.25]), Neoplasia in remission (2.78 [1.25 - 1.17]), No chemotherapy during the previous 3 months (1.90 [1.22 - 2.97]). The model demonstrated an acceptable discriminatory capacity in the Derivation phase, but poor in the Validation phase (Recipient Operating Characteristic Curve: 0.68 and 0.55 respectively). Conclusions: Cancer patients have a high prevalence of risk factors for ESBL-PE infection. The scoring system did not adequately discriminate patients with ESBL-PE. In a high-risk population, other strategies should be sought to identify patients at risk of resistant ESBL-PE infection.
Hypermethylation of the VTRNA2-1 promoter in maternal blood is associated with preterm birth
Authors: You Young-Ah , Kwon Eun Jin , Hwang Han-Sung , Choi Suk-Joo , Choi Sae Kyung , Kim Young Ju
Published: July 2020

Background: Preterm birth is associated with an increased risk of neonatal complications and death, as well as poor health and disease later in life. Epigenetics could contribute to the mechanism underlying preterm birth. Results: Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of whole blood cells from ten women was performed using an Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips array. We identified 1,581 differentially methylated CpG sites in promotor regions between term and preterm birth. Although the differences were not significant after correcting for multiple tests, seven CpGs on the genomically imprinted VTRNA2-1 showed the largest differences (range: 26–39%). Pyrosequencing verification was performed with blood samples from pregnant women recruited additionally (n = 82). In total, 28 (34.1%) cases showed hypomethylation of the VTRNA2-1 promoter (< 13% methylation), while 54 cases (65.9%) showed a methylation level of 30–60%. Hypermethylation of VTRNA2-1 was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth after adjusting for maternal age, season of delivery, parity and white blood cell count. The mRNA expression of VTRNA2-1 was 0.51-fold lower in women with preterm deliveries (n = 20) compared with women with term deliveries (n = 20). Conclusions: Our results suggest that changes in VTRNA2-1 methylation in maternal blood are related to preterm birth. Further studies are needed to confirm the association of VTRNA2-1 methylation with preterm birth in a large population, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
Influence of Tumor Location on Short- and Long-Term Outcomes After Laparoscopic Surgery for Rectal Cancer: A Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Hong , Yao Zhendan , Cui Ming , Xing Jiadi , Zhang Chenghai , Zhang Nan , Liu Maoxing , Xu Kai , Tan Fei , Su Xiangqian
Published: July 2020

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes after laparoscopic resection for low rectal cancer (LRC) compared with mid/high rectal cancer (M/HRC). Methods: Patients with rectal cancer undergoing laparoscopic resection with curative intent were retrospectively reviewed between 2009 and 2015. After matched 1:1 by using propensity score analysis, perioperative and oncological outcomes were compared between LRC and M/HRC groups. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent factors of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: Of 373 patients who met the criteria for inclusion, 198 patients were matched for the analysis. Laparoscopic surgery for LRC required longer operative time (P＜0.001) and more blood loss volume (P=0.015) compared with M/HRC, and the LRC group tended to have a higher incidence of postoperative complications (16.2% vs. 8.1%, P=0.082). There was no significant difference in local recurrence between the two groups (9.1% vs. 4.0%, P=0.251), whereas distant metastasis was inclined to be more frequent in LRC patients compared with M/HRC (21.2% vs. 12.1%, P=0.086). The LRC group showed significantly inferior 5-year OS (77.0% vs. 86.4%, P=0.033) and DFS (71.2% vs. 86.2%, P=0.017) compared with the M/HRC group. Multivariate analysis indicated that tumor location was an independent predictor of DFS (HR=2.305, 95% CI 1.203-4.417, P=0.012). Conclusion: Tumor location of the rectal cancer significantly affected the clinical and oncological outcomes after laparoscopic surgery, and it was an independent predictor of DFS.
Molecular characteristics of VP1 region of enterovirus 71 strains in China
Authors: Sun Haiyan , Gao Min , Cui Dawei
Published: July 2020

Background: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the most commonly implicated as the causative agent of severe and fetal hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks.VP1 protein, a capsid protein of EV71, is responsible for the genotype of EV71, which is essential for vaccine development and effectiveness. However, the genotypes of EV71 isolates in China are still not completely clear.Methods: The VP1 gene sequences of 3712 EV71 virus strains from China, excluding repetitive sequences, and 30 known EV71 genotypes as reference strains, between 1986 and 2019 were obtained from GenBank. A phylogenetic tree, amino acid homology, genetic variation and genotype analysis of the EV71-VP1 protein were performed with MEGA 6.0 software.Results: The amino acid identity was 88.33%~100% among 3712 EV71 strains that was 93.47%~100% compared with vaccine strain H07, and 93.04%~100% compared with vaccine strains FY7VP5 or FY-23K-B. Since 2000, the prevalent strains of EV71 were mainly the C4 genotype. Among these the C4a subgenotype was predominant, the C4b subgenotype was the second, and other subgenotypes appeared sporadically between 2005 and 2018 in mainland China. The B4 genotype was the main genotype in Taiwan, and the epidemic strains were constantly changing. Some amino acid variations in VP1 of EV71 occurred with high frequencies: A289T (20.99%), H22Q (16.49%), A293S (15.95%), S283T (15.11%), V249I (7.76%), N31D (7.25%), and E98K (6.65%).Conclusion: The C4 genotype of EV71 in China can match the vaccine, which can effectively control EV71 epidemiology. However, the efficacy of the vaccine strain is partially affected by the continuous change in epidemic strains in Taiwan, China. These studies suggested that the genetic characteristics of the EV71-VP1 region should be continuously monitored, which is critical for epidemic control and vaccine design against EV71 infection in children.
Beach boys in Galle, Sri Lanka: Multiple HIV risk behaviours and potential for HIV bridging
Authors: Bozicevic Ivana , Manathunge Ariyaratne , Beneragama Sriyakanthi , Gadjaweera Chathrini
Published: July 2020

Background: There are limited data globally on HIV in men who engage in casual and transactional sex with female tourists. Methods: In 2018 we carried out a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) survey among beach boys in Galle, Sri Lanka, to determine prevalence of HIV and other infections, HIV risk behaviours and utilisation of HIV prevention services. Eligibility criteria included men who cruise in and around beach areas and who had anal and/or vaginal sex with female or male tourists in the 12 months before the survey. Results: We recruited 373 beach boys. Approximately 49.6% of the participants were married, while 45.7% were single and 4.7% divorced, separated or widowed. A lower percentage of beach boys reported regular partners in the past 12 months (52.3%) compared to casual partners (95.4%). Condom use at last sex with a casual partner was higher (76.7%) compared to condom use with regular partners (58.3%). Condom use at last sex with a tourist was reported by 75.3%. Ever receiving money, goods or services in exchange for sex was reported by 39.7%. For 85.5% of beach boys who sold sex, the last paying partner was a tourist (85.5%) and a woman (82.0%). In the past 12 months before the survey, 32.3% of beach boys paid money for sex, and 99.5% did so from women. Ever been tested for HIV was reported by 35.3%, and 69.1% of those were tested in the six months before the survey. In the adjusted multivariate analysis, significant correlates of never testing for HIV were lack of comprehensive knowledge about HIV and unprotected last sexual intercourse with tourists. The prevalent infections were: HIV, 0.3% (95% CI 0.0-0.4%); syphilis, 0.5% (0.0-1.2%); herpes virus type-2, 5.0% (2.5%-7.5%). Conclusions: There is low level HIV and syphilis prevalence among beach boys in Galle but high level of sexual risk taking. Beach boys may be acting as a bridge for HIV transmission between higher-risk groups (paying female tourists, men who have sex with men) and lower-risk heterosexual female population in Sri Lanka. More research is needed in South-East Asia on men who trade sexual services to female and male tourists.
In vitro resynthesis of lichenization reveals the genetic background of symbiosis-specific fungal-algal interaction in Usnea hakonensis.
Authors: Kono Mieko , Kon Yoshiaki , Ohmura Yoshihito , Satta Yoko , Terai Yohey
Published: July 2020

Background

Symbiosis is central to ecosystems and has been an important driving force of the diversity of life. Close and long-term interactions are known to develop cooperative molecular mechanisms between the symbiotic partners and have often given them new functions as symbiotic entities. In lichen symbiosis, mutualistic relationships between lichen-forming fungi and algae and/or cyanobacteria produce unique features that make lichens adaptive to wide range of environments. Although morphological, physiological, and ecological uniqueness of lichens have been described for more than a century, the genetic mechanisms underlying this symbiosis remain elusive.

Results

This study investigated the fungal-algal interaction specific to the symbiosis in lichen using Usnea hakonensis as a model system. The whole genome of U. hakonensis , the fungal partner, was sequenced by using the culture isolated from a natural lichen thallus. Isolated cultures of the fungal and the algal partners were co-cultured in vitro for three months, and the thalli were successfully resynthesized into visible protrusions. Transcriptomes of resynthesized and natural thalli (symbiotic states) were compared to that of isolated cultures (non-symbiotic state). Sets of fungal and algal genes up-regulated in both symbiotic states were identified as symbiosis-related genes.

Conclusion

From the predicted functions of these genes, we identified the genetic background of two key features fundamental to the symbiotic lifestyle in lichen. First is an establishment of fungal symbiotic interface: (a) modification of cell walls at fungal-algal contact sites; and (b) production of a hydrophobic layer that ensheaths fungal and algal cells;. Second is a symbiosis-specific nutrient flow: (a) the algal supply of photosynthetic product to the fungus; and (b) the fungal supply of phosphorous and nitrogen compounds to the alga. Since both features are widespread among lichens, our result may indicate important facets of the genetic basis of lichen symbiosis.
Microbiome and metabolic changes in milk in response to artemisinin supplementation in dairy cows
Authors: Hou Kun , Tong Jinjin , Zhang Hua , Gao Shan , Guo Yuqin , Niu Hui , Xiong Benhai , Jiang Linshu
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to explore the effects of artemisinin (ART) on the milk microbiome and metabolites of dairy cow. A total of 12 mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows with similar parity, days in milk were randomly divided into 2 groups receiving either a total mixed ration (TMR) as the control group or this TMR and 120 g/d/head ART as the ART group. The milk samples were collected weekly to determine the contents, and end-of-trial (week 8) milk samples were used to identify microbial species and metabolite profiles by 16S rRNA sequencing and LC-MS analyses, respectively. We observed that the milk fat content significantly increased by ART treantment ( P <0.05). The bacterial community richness was significantly lower in the ART group ( P <0.05), while the diversity showed no difference ( P >0.05). Compared with its abundance in the control (CON) group, Firmicutes was significantly decreased, whereas Proteobacteria was significantly increased. Furthermore, in the ART group, the relative abundances of the genera Aer ococcus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium_1 and Facklamia were significantly lower ( P <0.01). Metabolomics analysis revealed that ART significantly increasing the concentrations of glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids and flavonoids compared with those in the CON group. An enrichment analysis of the different metabolites showed that ART mainly affected glycerophospholipid metabolism and the pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis pathways. These findings revealed that ART supplementation could affect the milk microbiota and metabolites, that glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids could be potential biomarkers in the milk response to ART feed in dairy cows, and that ART changes substances in milk by maintaining lipid metabolism in the mammary gland.
Mental health among displaced and non-displaced populations in Valledupar, Colombia: Why do inequities continue?
Authors: Monsalve Sonia Diaz , Vargas-Monroy Angélica María , Ariza Jannethe Esmeral , Cuello Ana Maria Oñate , Vera Ana Rosa Ropero , Cuello Juan Carlos Bermudez , Zuleta Lina Arzuaga , Novella Andrés Felipe Cubillos , Quintero Enrique Peñaloza , Ortiz Yesika Natali Fernández , Kroeger Axel
Published: July 2020

Background: During the long lasting civil war in Colombia involving several armed groups, the year 2002 marked a peak of violent activities displacing thousands of people mainly from rural to urban areas, causing social disruption and prolonged poverty. In 2015, the Colombian national survey on mental health provided a first overview of mental health problems of victimized families and individuals (macro level). The here presented study aimed at analysing ongoing inequalities regarding displaced and non-displaced populations in Cesar State (micro level), one of the most affected areas by the armed conflict. Methods: An interview survey was conducted among 211 displaced families and 181 non-displaced families in 2 adjacent compounds with several five-storey buildings in the outskirts of Valledupar, the capital of Cesar State in Colombia. The questionnaires were developed together with and applied by staff of the health and social services of the departmental secretary of health. The 15 interviewers conducted additionally in-depth interviews and participant observations. Results : The peak of internal displacement occurred around the year 2002, affecting disproportionally more the afro-descendent and indigenous populations. However, the marginalization of previously displaced persons is still ongoing. The living conditions in the neighbourhood of the displaced community were quite precarious in terms of lack of security, continuous noise, drug trafficking and poor connection with public transport. Consequently, psycho-emotional problems were more frequent among the displaced compared to the non-displaced neighbourhood. The displaced had experienced more violent acts (intended murder, threat, murder of a family member and kidnapping) and had subsequently a larger number of emotional symptoms (fright, headache, nervousness, depression, sleeplessness). Other stress factors like economic problems, severe disease or death of family members and unemployment prevailed in the community of displaced persons compared to the non-displaced. Non-displaced lived in a more protected environment and were less exposed to violence and stress, although belonging to a similarly low socio-economic stratum. It is recommended to take measures for a better protection of the displaced community, improve their access to the job market, offer different leisure activities (sports club, art, women’s club) and facilitate public transport.
Young age increases the risk of lymph-node metastasis in patients with muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Tian Zijian , Meng Lingfeng , Wang Xin , Diao Tongxiang , Hu Maolin , Wang Miao , Liu Ming , Wang Jianye
Published: July 2020

Background: The risk of positive lymph nodes in patients with muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma (MIBC) can be used to guide treatment recommendations. However, little is known about the effect of age on lymph node positivity (LN+). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of age on LN+ in MIBC. Methods: We analyzed patients with stage T2–T4 bladder urothelial carcinoma who had not received preoperative radiotherapy, had at least one lymph node examined, and underwent cystectomy between 1998 and 2015. The Cochran-Armitage trend test and logistic univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the effect of age on LN+ in all T stages.Results: In total, 15624 patients with MIBC were identified, including 747 patients aged ≤50 years (4.78%), 2614 patients aged 50–59 years (16.73%), 4914 patients aged 60–69 years (31.45%), 5225 patients aged 70–79 years old (33.44%), and 2124 patients aged >80 years (13.59%). In T2–T4 staging, LN+ was negatively correlated with age. After adjustment for several covariates, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age was an independent risk factor for LN+.Conclusions: In this large SEER analysis, young patients with MIBC were found to have a higher risk of lymph node metastasis. This finding is worthy of further study and may eventually affect treatment decisions in these patients.
Application of seismic multi-attribute inversion based on wireless network sensor in Dongying delta foreset
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Wang Cui
Published: July 2020

Seismic attributes, which are extracted from seismic information, are physical indexes used specificallyfor the measurement of geometric, dynamic, or statistical characteristics of seismic data. Current methods for seismic multi-attribute inversion include linear and nonlinear methods. By adopting the wireless module of NFC24l01, combined with the seismic data acquisition sensor, constitutes an intelligent network sensor, and then it sends the collected data to the topmost machine for analysis. Methods for the nonlinear inversion of seismic multi-attributes usually employ tools such as neural networks and support vector machines (SVMs)for mapping. Hence, inversion results obtained via nonlinear methodsare more accurate than those obtained via linear methods. In this work, with spontaneous-potential (SP) curves as the objective of nonlinear inversion, an optimized seismic attribute combination for the inversion of SP curves was identified, and the nonlinear inversion of seismic multi-attributes was achieved via the use of a deep neural network (DNN) to obtain 3D SP data. Finally, the foresetting process of a sand body of the intermediate section in Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Delta was illustrated via the horizon slice of the SP data.
A difference in a transfer function of two horizontal components between the ground level and the borehole at KiK-net Mashiki Station Anisotropy of shear wave propagation in Kyushu area based on seismic interferometry
Authors: Motoki Kentaro , Kato Kenichi
Published: July 2020

In this study, we evaluated the travel time of S-wave between the vertical array stations based on seismic interferometry, focusing on the difference in transfer function due to two horizontal components at the KiK-net Mashiki station (KMMH16). At that time, we surveyed the differences by back azimuth (BAZ) and the polarization direction of seismic waves. Furthermore, we expanded the survey to all KiK-net stations in the Kyushu district, to confirm whether the phenomena seen at KMMH16 is specific to this location. The result shows that the difference by the polarization direction in the travel time was larger than the difference by the BAZ. This result suggests that the difference in transfer function at KMMH16 were affected by the anisotropy of the S-wave velocity. We evaluated the leading S-wave polarization directions (LSPDs) and the strength of anisotropy (ΔV) for all KiK-net stations in the Kyushu district. The LSPDs roughly correspond to the results of previous studies. The LSPDs in the forearc area are nearly perpendicular to the crustal deformation whereas those in the back-arc area are nearly parallel to it. This characteristic is similar to one found by the previous research in the Tohoku district. We examined the change in anisotropy before and after the Kumamoto earthquake at two stations, KMMH16 and KMMH14 that are located near the source region. The changes in the LSPD and the ΔV before and after the earthquake were not notable. At stations that observed weak anisotropy, transfer functions of two horizontal components show similar shape. At stations that observed strong anisotropy, however, the shape of the transfer function differs greatly, depending on the horizontal direction. This suggests that an evaluation of site amplification using a single velocity model may reduce the reproducibility of ground motions.
The polymorphisms of NR5A1 gene in azoospermic men in Sichuan, China
Authors: Cui Lanyue , He Jiaoyu , Deng Junhang , Song Zhilin , Li Qiufu , Cui Yanru , Liu Yiran , Ding Xianping , Zhou Yueping
Published: July 2020

Background: Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1, NR5A1) is a key transcriptional regulator involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-steroidogenic organ development. Recently, heterozygous mutations in NR5A1 were found may contribute to the male infertility aetiology. Here, we investigated the association of polymorphisms in NR5A1 gene with azoospermic men in Sichuan, China. Methods: We have performed the NR5A1 gene direct secquencing in a cohort of 102 well-characterised idiopathic Chinese azoospermic infertile men versus 103 fertile men, who were selected by Semen analysis, Karyotype analysis and Y-chromosomal AZF deletion screening. We identified two previously described missense p. Results: Gly146Ala (rs1110061; c.437 G>C) and p.Arg313His (c.938G>A), and the frequency of 437C ( [OR] 1.846, 95% [CI] 1.227-2.778, P=0.003), 437GC (OR =1.884 , 95% CI =1.037-3.422 , P =0.037 ) and 437CC (OR =3.586 , 95% CI =1.397-9.206 , P =0.006 ) were found to be increased significantly in azoospermic patients while no mutations in control .Moreover, one novel heterozygous p.Ser322ILe (c.965 G >A) missense mutation was found in 8 patients which highly conserved serine to isoleucine shown in the Beta strand domain on SF-1 protein. Conclusions: This is the first study, according to our knowledge, to investigate the association between the polymorphisms of NR5A1 gene and azoospermic men in China, and these results suggest that the Gly146Ala polymorphism may be a susceptibility factor for the azoospermic men in Sichuan, China.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Between Cephalomedullary Nails and Dynamic Hip Screws for Basicervical Proximal Femoral Fractures
Authors: Jian Zhen , Lv Tao , Ao Rongguang , Jiang Xinhua , Zhou Jianhua , Yu Baoqing
Published: July 2020

Background Basicervical proximal femoral fractures have greater biomechanical instability and higher incidence of implant-related complications than other types of proximal femoral fractures. The present retrospective study was performed to find a proper fixation treating basicervical proximal femoral fractures by a comparation of clinical outcomes between cephalomedullary nails and dynamic hip screws, and introduce our experience in surgical tricks and perioperative management. Methods Between January 2015 and December 2018, 821 patients aged 60 years or older suffering from a proximal femoral fracture and receive internal fixation surgery were reviewed. 25 patients of basicervical femoral fractures were included in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. 7 patients were treated with a DHS, 18 with the CMN. Relevant operational data and clinical evaluation were collected. Results Reduction qualities of 6 patients were good (85.7%), 1 were acceptable (14.3%) in DHS Group and 14 of the 18 patients were good (77.8%), 4 were acceptable (22.2%) in CMN Group. The mean TAD in DHS Group of was 17.4 mm while 20.3 mm in CMN Group. Bone union had been achieved 19.9 weeks in DHS Group and 17.8 weeks in CMN Group. The mean Harris score at the final follow up was 83.9, 84.4 respectively in DHS and CMN Group with no significant difference. Conclusions DHS was not inferior for the treatment of basicervical proximal femoral fractures compared to CMNs with blade type or two integrated screw type. When applied properly, both CMNs with blade type or two integrated screw type and DHS can achieve satisfied prognosis. Our unique experiences included anatomic reduction during surgery, anti-osteoporosis treatment and prolonged weight-bearing time.
The Apoptotic Effect of Polysaccharides with Specific Molecular Weight Extracted from Inonotus Obliquus on HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Han Xue , Zhao Sainan , Wang Yu , Sun Jialei , Chen Shiwei
Published: July 2020

Background: Recently, much attention has been paid to natural products owing to their effective anticancer effects with relatively low toxicity, especially Inonotus obliquus (I. obliquus).Results: Polysaccharides with different molecular weights were filtered from water extract of I. obliquus using grading membrane filtration method. IOP60b (10 kDa ≤ molecular weight ≤ 30 kDa) was found to have the highest yield and the highest inhibition ratio of HT-29 cancer cells, therefore it was chosen to evaluate the apoptotic effect of HT-29 cancer cells. After treated with different concentrations of IOP60b, morphological changes including cell shrinkage and nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation in HT-29 cancer cells were observed, and cells in early apoptosis and late apoptosis significantly (p<0.05) increased in a dose-dependent manner by arresting cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. To further explore the underlying mechanism, RT-PCR and Western blotting were applied. Results indicated that both Bcl-2 family and Caspase family were involved in the process of apoptosis regulation and IOP60b induced cellular apoptosis via upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activation of Caspase-3.Conclusion: These data suggested that IOP60b might be the potential candidate for the clinical prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
Efficacy of Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy for the Treatment of Patients Undergoing Lumbar Disc Herniation With Positive Nerve Root Sedimentation Sign: a Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Deng Luoyi , Yang Hua , Liu Miao , Deng Jin , Peng Guoxuan , Ning Xu , Sun Hong
Published: July 2020

Background: To investigate the efficacy of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) in the treatment of patients who were diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with positive nerve root sedimentation sign (NRSS).Methods: A total of 86 patients who underwent LDH were recruited and divided into NRSS-positive group (n=49) and NRSS-negative group(n=37). The visual analog scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to evaluate the low back pain and functional recovery and were compared between the two groups.Results: There were no significant differences in the demographic parameters between the two groups. The average area of the dural sac compression in the NRSS-positive group was significantly higher than that in the NRSS-negative group. Patients with a positive NRSS showed a better low back pain relief than those with a negative NRSS at 1 week and 1 month after surgery. The JOA and ODI in the NRSS-positive group were better than those in the NRSS-negative group at 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. The apparent efficiency of JOA and the excellent and good rate of ODI in the negative group was lower than that in the positive group at 6 months after surgery. Conclusions: Patients undergoing LDH with a positive NRSS showed better pain relief and functional recovery than those with a negative NRSS. The present study suggested that NRSS might be a valuable sign and associated with better clinical outcomes in patients undergoing LDH with the treatment of PTED.
Low-Grade Myofibroblastic Sarcoma (LGMS) of the Extremities – A Systematic Review and Case Report
Authors: Schenker Astrid , Lehner Burkhard , Gutjhar Ewgenija , Mechtersheimer Gunhild , Harhaus Leila , Panzram Benjamin
Published: July 2020

Background: Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) is a rare subtype of soft tissue sarcoma of intermediate grade often representing fibromatosis-like features with a rare metastasing behavior. This type of tumor has a predilection for the head and neck region, but also occurs in the extremities. Confirming the diagnosis is difficult and treatment strategies have to be chosen individually.Methods: The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review for LGMS of the extremities. The electronic databases PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies. 141 abstracts were screened on PubMed, while 10 studies were identified as eligible. Cases were summarized in terms of clinical aspects, therapeutic regimen with the primary endpoint of follow-up controls regarding local recurrence or distant metastasis. In addition, we present the rare case and surgical management of a 28-year-old male patient with residual LGMS of the thumb after initial incomplete resection. Results: 33 cases of LGMS in the extremities were identified on PubMed. Cochrane library didn’t show any results. All of them were surgically resected. Only two cases of LGMS in the hand were described in literature so far. Treatment options varied from local excision to wide resection without exact definition of the safety distance. 26 cases provided follow-up information with local recurrence in 6 cases (23 %), while 4 cases (15 %) showed distant metastasis. Conclusions: Wide resection should be the surgical aim to avoid local recurrence and distant metastases. While the excision of tumors of the thumb and hand often require closer resection margins, due to the close proximity of anatomical structures, tumor-free margins are elementary even if tissue transfer from a donor site is needed for reconstruction.
Prospective randomized controlled trial comparing inpatient and outpatient Foley catheter cervical ripening
Authors: Rahman Rahana Abdul , Mohamad Azzry , Kalok Aida Hani Mohd , Ismail Nor Azlin Mohamed , Salim Norsaadah , Ahmad Shuhaila
Published: July 2020

Background

To evaluate the safety of Foley catheter cervical ripening and patients’ satisfaction in outpatient versus inpatient setting.
Methods

Sixty low risk women were randomized to outpatient (n = 25) and inpatient (n = 35) cervical ripening using Foley catheter. In both groups Foley catheter with 60 ml balloon was digitally inserted through the cervix with gentle traction applied. The outpatient group was discharged home after provision of verbal and written 24-hours contact information and instructions. The inpatient group was admitted to the ward. They were reassessed the next morning unless labor had begun or the catheter had dropped off.
Results

The demographic data between the two groups did not differ. The outpatient group has significant improvement in the Bishop score at second assessment (9.04 versus 7.89, p = 0.04), reduced duration of inpatient stay (41 versus 59, p < 0.001), able to sleep 5–6 hours (9 versus 1, p = 0.001), able to rest (23 versus 16, p = 0.001) and relax (23 versus 10, p < 0.001). Significantly, more women in the inpatient group had wished to be in the outpatient group (3 versus 21, p < 0.001). There was no difference in initial Bishop score, duration of oxytocin infusion and delivery within 24 hours. Both groups were similar in caesarean section rate, total blood loss, maternal and neonatal infection, primary postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal birthweight and cord pH. There was no incidence of uterine hyperstimulation, meconium aspiration syndrome and neonatal intensive care unit admission.
Conclusion

Outpatient Foley catheter cervical ripening had comparable efficacy and safety with inpatient for low-risk pregnancies and associated with better patient satisfaction.
Trial registration:

NCT04342741. It was retrospectively registered with ClinicalTrial.gov
COVID-19 Transmission Risk and Protective Protocols in Dentistry: A Systematic Review
Authors: Banakar Morteza , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri , Jafarpour Dana , Moayedi Sedigheh , Banakar Mohammad Hasan , MohammadSadeghi Ashkan
Published: July 2020

Among several potential sources of transmission for the spreading of the COVID-19, dental services have received a high volume of attention. Several reports, papers, guidelines, and suggestions have been released on how this infection could be transmitted through dental services, and what should be done. This study has systematically reviewed the published literature on dentistry and COVID-19 in order to develop a practically feasible protocol for re-opening and reorientation of dental services. The recommendations identified were tested with a convenience sample of experienced practitioners, and a practical step-by-step protocol is presented in this paper.
Trends and dynamics in material and energy flows analysis in an urban context. A case study of a city with an emerging economy
Authors: Martínez Clara Inés Pardo , Alfonso William , Faccini Angelo , Cotte Alexander
Published: July 2020

Background: Currently, most of the world’s population lives in cities, and this trend of the rapid urbanization of the population affects the increase in the demand for products, goods and services. To effectively design policies for urban sustainability it is important to know the trends of the flows of energy and materials that enter and leave the city. This knowledge is essential to recognize key elements characterizing the future urban growth and to be able to face supply challenges in the future. This paper presents the analysis of the flows of energy and materials (urban metabolism) in the city of Bogotá, covering a time span from 2001 to 2017. Urban flows are also characterized in terms of their temporal evolution with respect to the population growth, in order to compare and identify the changes in the main input flows, wealth production, emissions and waste in the city.Results: The results of the analysis are also compared with other selected large urban agglomerations in Latin America and worldwide, highlighting similarities and inferences. The results show that in Bogotá, there was a decrease in some of the material flow in recent years, such as the consumption of water and the generation of discharge, while there was an increase in the consumption of energy and cement and the production of CO2 emissions and construction materials. Solid waste production remained relatively stable. With respect to the other large cities considered, we observe that the 10-year growth rates of the metabolic flows with respect to the population growth are lower, in particular when compared with the other urban agglomeration of Latin America.Conclusions: The findings of this study are important to advance the characterization of the trends in material and energy flow in the city and contribute to the consolidation of a baseline that allows for the definition and evaluation of the different impacts of public policy that promotes the sustainability of the city in the coming decades.
Emerging supply chain of utilising electrical vehicle retired batteries in distributed energy systems
Authors: Jing Rui , Wang Junyao , Shah Nilay , Guo Miao
Published: July 2020

Increasing electric vehicles (EV) penetration leads to significant challenges in EV battery disposal. Reusing retired batteries in distributed energy systems (DES) offers resource-circular solutions. We propose an optimisation framework to model the emerging supply chains and design strategies for reusing the retired EV batteries in DES. Coupling a supply chain profit-allocation model with a DES design optimisation model, the framework maximises the whole chain profit and enables fair profit distribution between three interactive sectors, i.e., EV, DES, dismantling and recycle (D&R) sectors. Our research highlights the system implications of retired batteries on DES design and new modelling insights into incentive policy effectiveness. Our case study suggests significant potential value chain profits (2.65 million US$) achieved by deploying 10.7 MWh of retired batteries in the DES application with optimal retired battery price of 138 US$/kWh. The revenue support on D&R sector is suggested as a promising incentive scheme than tariff support.
Ubiquitination of System Xc- and GPX4 in rat brain stimulates ferroptosis and inflammation in hippocampal neurons after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Junhui , Zhang Chunlei , Wang Yuhai , Liu Zhuanghua , Yang Shuo , Han Shoumeng , Tian Qi , Li Mingchang , Chen Qianxue
Published: July 2020

Background: Ferroptosis is a peroxidation-driven form of cell death. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and System Xc− are leading regulators of ferroptosis. This study investigated System Xc− and GPX4 ubiquitination in ferroptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods: SAH rat model was established by artery perforation operation. The mortality, neurological score, brain water content and blood brain barrier permeability were and analyzed. The morphology of mitochondria was observed, the content of reactive oxygen species and the pathology of hippocampal neurons were evaluated, and the iron deposition was observed. Levels of ferroptosis-related proteins and proinflammatory factors were detected. The protein interaction between System Xc− and GPX4 was verified. After ferroptosis was induced by FIN56 in neurons, the neurons were transfected with OTUB1 overexpression vector or ubiquitination inhibitors to verify the regulatory mechanism of System Xc− and GPX4 ubiquitination in ferroptosis.Results: After SAH operation, GPX4 was downregulated, and induced iron deposition and ROS accumulation. In SAH rats, System Xc− function was lost, GSH decreased, MDA content and SLC3A2, SLC7A11 and GPX4 ubiquitination increased, and OTUB1 expression decreased. SLC3A2 and OTUB1, GPX4 and OTUB1 can interact with each other in protein. Overexpression of OTUB1 reduced the ubiquitination of SLC3A2, SLC7A11 and GPX4 in FIN56-induced ferroptosis in neurons. Ubiquitination inhibitor or OTUB1 increased GSH level in ferroptotic neurons, and reduced ROS accumulation and inflammatory damage.Conclusion: SAH induced the ubiquitination of System Xc− and GPX4, resulting in GSH depletion, increased lipid oxidative damage, and promoted ferroptosis in hippocampal neurons.