bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Education: a Systematic Review of Distance Learning, Student’s Perceptions, and Mental Health
Authors: Silveira Erika Aparecida , Romeiro Amanda Maria de Sousa , Junger Ana Lúcia , Fiaschi Ramos Adriana Cristina , Mortoza Alves Polissandro , Noll Matias , De Oliveira Cesar , E. Silva Noll Priscilla Rayanne
Published: December 2023

Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on mortality and several adverse health outcomes. It has also affected education as schools and universities had to adapt to remote learning due to social isolation strategies.
Objective: to analyze the pandemic’s impact on medical education including undergraduate and graduate students and lecturers, as follow: i) teaching methods adopted by education institutes during shutdown, ii) students and lecturers’ perceptions and iii) impacts on students’ mental health.
Methods: this systematic review includes the following study designs: cross-sectional, surveys, case-control, cohort, and clinical trials. The literature search was performed in four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and SciELO . The risk of bias and the quality of the evidence were evaluated.
Results: a total of 1,576 articles were identified through searching databases, and 40 articles were included. We found the use of several teaching methods such as virtual platforms and social media, pre-recorded videos, discussion forums and others. Student’s challenges related to interference during online study such as family distractions, lack of a study room, challenges with internet connectivity, difficulties in communication between students and lecturers, gaps encountered during clinical skills learning. Lecturers’ challenges were difficulty in grasping students’ progress and learning outcomes and the lack of experience in online teaching. Only five studies explored mental health issues of medical students and found the occurrence of depression, anxiety, and stress. However, their prevalence was not comparable due to the use of different diagnostic instruments.
Conclusion: there has been a wide range of teaching methods implemented for distance learning of medical students globally. The perceptions of medical students about these methods and their impact were also varied. Infrastructure, family, and curriculum problems represented the greatest difficulties in adherence and satisfaction with distance learning. However, the flexibility of digital learning was one of the factors that helped reduce these problems. Regarding mental health, the occurrence of anxiety, depression, and stress was reported.
COVID-19 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a perspective on epidemiological events
Authors: Lima Santos Gabriella , Cristina Morais Tassiane , Batista Francalino da Rocha João , Gomes da Silva Leonardo , Do Nascimento Moratti Edna , Anastácio Sampaio Sidnei , Carlos de Abreu Luiz
Published: December 2023

Introduction: the progression of SARS-CoV-2 highlighted the Americas region for the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. In Brazil, the Southeast region was one of the most affected, especially the state of Rio de Janeiro, due to its cosmopolitan characteristics.
Objective: to analyze temporal variations in the incidence, mortality and lethality of COVID-19 in the state of Rio de Janeiro from January 2020 to December 2022.
Methods: ecological time-series study with publicly available data on COVID-19 cases and deaths. Crude incidence, mortality, and fatality rates, and estimates of percent daily change (DPC) were analyzed using Prais-Winsten linear regression. With calculation of crude rates were performed using Microsoft Excel 2019, and DPC estimates were performed using STATA MP 17.0 software.
Results: 2.5 million cases and 76 thousand COVID-19 deaths were confirmed in the state of Rio de Janeiro from 2020 to 2022, with lethality declining from 4.89% to 0.60%. The highest lethality occurred in May 2020 (11.59%), October 2021 (9.13%) and March 2022 (6.78%), showing a stationary trend. In 2020, incidence and mortality rates peaked in December (797.76 per 100,000 inhabitants) and May (43.96 per 100,000 inhabitants), respectively, followed by subsequent declines. Incidence trend was increasing in 2020 and stationary in 2022, while mortality decreased in 2021 and 2022 after stability in 2020.
Conclusion: The incidence of COVID-19 peaked in 2020 and subsequently declined, suggesting partial transmission control. Mortality stabilized after 2020, indicating evolution in health care. Lethality showed a stationary trend, indicating an improvement in hospital capacity. The divergent behavior of the epidemiological indicators reflected the complex dynamics of the pandemic in the analyzed state. There were 790 thousand deaths from COVID-19 in the State of Rio de Janeiro in the period from 2020 to 2022.
Review of Illinois Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery Data for Future Implementation
Authors:   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Hajj Ramez , Asadi Babak ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Published: December 2023

The multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test, per AASHTO M 332, or as a supplement to M 320, has been widely implemented across the United States and in other parts of the world for assessing the rutting resistance of asphalt binder. Meanwhile, the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) has conducted wide-ranging MSCR testing since 2006 but has not yet implemented this test into the binder specification, which utilizes AASHTO M 320 with other PG Plus tests for modified asphalt binder. This report presents a review of the existing literature and an update of specifications in the United States for the rutting resistance of asphalt binder. The report also presents an analysis of existing MSCR data collected by IDOT and a machine learning model with the ability to predict asphalt binder elastic recovery using MSCR. This model demonstrated the potential effectiveness of MSCR to serve as an appropriate surrogate for this test, but further study is needed of Illinois mixture performance compared to MSCR to best understand how this specification can be implemented for local materials and traffic levels.
EFEITOS DA TERAPIA CRÂNIOSACRAL NO PACIENTE PEDIÁTRICO COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA (TEA): RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Calandrini Ana Caroline dos Santos , Souza Aline Vitoria Sá de , Gomes Thaynara Rodrigues , Machado Angélica Homobono
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Relatar os efeitos da terapia CrânioSacral na atuação da fisioterapia em uma paciente pediátrica com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo relato de experiência, realizado pelos discentes do curso de Fisioterapia da Universidade do Estado do Pará, na Unidade de Referência Materno e Infantil, em Belém do Pará, onde realizaram atendimentos semanais; e ações de saúde pelo Programa de Saúde do Adolescente (PROSAD). Resultados e Discussão: Os atendimentos semanais visaram o acompanhamento em saúde da paciente. Ademais, por meio do PROSAD são realizados os atendimentos fisioterapêuticos que visam o bem-estar biopsicossocial e a melhora do quadro da paciente. Finalmente, o conhecimento dos acadêmicos acerca da terapia CrânioSacral objetiva a educação profissional a fim de qualificá-lo para o serviço em saúde. Conclusão: Percebeu-se a importância do aprendizado pelos acadêmicos sobre a atuação da fisioterapia na atenção secundária para fornecer um serviço de qualidade para seus usuários.
Inventário e distribuição espacial da ictiofauna no sistema lagunar do sul e leste, Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Rodrigues Gomes José
Published: December 2023

A fauna de peixes nos estuários e lagunas costeiras no estado do Rio de Janeiro é razoavelmente conhecida, havendo, porém, áreas pouco ou insuficientemente estudadas. Na Ilha Grande, o sistema lagunar do Sul e Leste destaca-se por ser um dos poucos ambientes estuarinos bem preservados na região sudeste do Brasil. Devido Ã  inexistência de informações inerentes Ã  ictiofauna, fez-se necessário o levantamento qualitativo e quantitativo, utilizando-se equipamentos diversificados de modo a minimizar o efeito da seletividade dos apetrechos. Foram registradas 44 espécies, das quais 21 (47,7%) foram classificadas como estuarinas migrantes, 14 (31,8%) como marinhas, 4 (9%) como dulcícolas e 5 (11,3%) como estuarinas residentes. Através de coleta padronizada, produziu-se, nos dois períodos, nas duas lagunas, amostra de 379 exemplares e 79.153,0 gramas de 19 espécies, representando 43,1% da diversidade. Os táxons mais abundantes foram Mugil spp. (25,5%), Atherinella brasiliensis (20%), Centropomus undecimalis (15,8%) e Eugerres brasilianus (14,2%), correspondendo a 75,5% da abundância. Já Mugil spp. (61,7%), C. undecimalis (12,1%), Centropomus parallelus (3,6%), E. brasilianus (7,3%), Lutjanus jocu (6,4%) e Elops saurus (3,6%) totalizaram 94,7% da biomassa. Os resultados dos índices de diversidade, de similaridade e de equitabilidade indicaram similaridade alta entre as espécies de peixes nas duas lagunas e entre os dois períodos, apresentando, porém, diferenças proporcionais relacionadas Ã  dominância sazonal de alguns táxons. A proteção legal conferida Ã  Reserva Biológica Estadual da Praia do Sul e a inexistência de atividades antropogênicas deletérias locais garantem a integridade dos ambientes aquáticos, conferindo ao sistema um padrão de integridade comparativo a ictiofaunas em outros estuários.
Mengatasi Tantangan Keterlibatan Mahasiswa: Strategi Efektif untuk Menciptakan Lingkungan Belajar yang Menarik
Authors: Santoso Joko
Published: December 2023

Dalam pendidikan tinggi saat ini, keterlibatan mahasiswa dalam lingkungan belajar menjadi fokus utama. Paper ini menyelidiki masalah yang dihadapi mahasiswa dalam hal keterlibatan akademik dan sosial, serta menganalisis strategi yang efektif untuk membuat lingkungan belajar menjadi menarik. Motivasi yang rendah, kurangnya interaksi sosial yang signifikan, dan perasaan yang kurang terhubung dengan pelajaran adalah beberapa masalah yang menghalangi keterlibatan mahasiswa. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana mahasiswa melihat masalah ini, Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur atau studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa strategi dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan mahasiswa. Strategi-strategi ini termasuk penggunaan teknologi pendidikan yang interaktif, membuat kurikulum yang relevan dengan dunia nyata, dan mendorong kerja sama dan interaksi sosial dalam dan di luar kelas. Dalam konteks ini, peran pendidik yang penting dalam memfasilitasi pengalaman belajar yang menginspirasi juga diperhatikan.
Effects of Resort Corporate Social Responsibility Activities on Resort Corporate Image and MZ Generation Customer Loyalty
Authors:   Korean Society for Leisure Scie, Sun Wan-Ting , Lee Min-Seok , Lee Chul-Won
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of resort corporate social responsibility activities on resort image and customer loyalty of MZ generation. Questionnaires were used total of 307 questionnaires for frequency analysis, reliability analysis and correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model with SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 23.0. The findings are as follows. First, resort corporate social responsibility activities have a positive impact on resort image. Second, resort image has a positive effect on the loyalty of MZ generation customers. Third, resort corporate social responsibility activities have a positive effect on the loyalty of MZ generation customers. Fourth, resort image is mediated in the relationship between the resort's social responsibility activities and the loyalty of MZ generation customers. Therefore, to enhance the image of resorts and the loyalty of MZ generation customers, resort corporations should develop ethical practices, investment in renewable energy, eco-friendly marketing, leveraging Korean celebrities for advertising, creating a social responsibility evaluation system for resort companies, and obtaining social responsibility certification through SNS.
Practical application of the method for calculating lightning impact levels on overhead power lines
Authors:   Northern Energetics Research Centre of the Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Burtsev Anton V.
Published: December 2023

The article presents examples of the practical application of the method for calculating the level of lightning effects on overhead power lines. The method is based on calculation of distances between coordinates of lightning and overhead line supports. The method was tested on overhead lines of Murmansk region. The proposed method is of interest for power grid companies, as it allows identifying the most vulnerable sections of power lines to lightning.
Tratamiento analgésico para el cólico renal
Authors: González Moisés Santiago , Fuentes Baez Carlos Eduardo , Sánchez Villarreal Leticia , Escobar Moreno Karla Miroslava
Published: December 2023

El cólico renal es uno de los padecimientos urológicos más comunes, se caracteriza por dolor abdominal y en fosas renales, suele ir acompañado de nauseas, vómito, hematuria o fiebre. Es tan inteso que suele llevar al paciente a la sala de urgencias. Es causado por un cálculo enclavado en la vía urinaria. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión es buscar el mejor tratamiento analgésico para el cólico renal agudo, buscando el medicamento que mejor eficacia tenga junto con la menor cantidad de efectos adversos. Se realizó una revisión de literatura en PubMed y Google Scholar, incluyendo artículo de los últimos 5 años en idioma inglés y español. Se concluyó que la primera línea de tratamiento consiste en antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINES), los más usados son el ketorolaco, ibuprofeno, diclofenaco o metamizol, los cuales suelen tener una mejor respuesta y una menor tasa de efectos adversos a comparación de los opioides, medicamentos que suelen ser indicados como segunda línea o de rescate. El paracetamol tiene una respuesta más rápida, sin embargo la respuesta de los AINES es más prolongada, otorgando mayor alivio a los pacientes.
Efficacy of lung ultrasound and chest x-ray in children with cough and fast breathing to search a prognostic diagnostic approach to predict childhood pneumonia
Authors:   Department of Paediatrics, Government medical College, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India, Basha Shaik Md Sajid , Krishnaiah Murali D ,   Department of Paediatrics, Government medical College, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India, Khaleef Shaik Abdul ,   Department of Paediatrics, Government medical College, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India, Rahman Zia Ur ,   Department of Paediatrics, Government medical College, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
Published: December 2023

Background. Globally, pneumonia is one of the major cause of mortality and morbidity in children aged below 5 years. Lung ultrasonography (LUS) may become the next line investigation of choice before CXR and CT. Researchers have investigated the idea of employing LUS to diagnose pneumonia. Aim. To evaluate the findings of LUS in children with pneumonia and to correlate LUS findings with clinical and etiological findings in children. Methods. Study conducted in 100 children with chronic cough and fast breathing. All children undergone LUS within 24 hrs, and the data was correlated between clinical indicators and ultrasound proven pneumonia. The ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) was drafted to estimate the cut-off values for respiratory, and laboratory variables. Results. 44% had positive LUS results. The presence of sensitivity with 88.5%, 77.45%, 95.4%, 81.6%, 79.4%, 70.45%, 84.25%, and 86.25% for the presence of fever, refusal of feeds/fluids, temperature 380C, oxygen saturation 95%, nasal flaring, grunting, chest retractions, and crepitation in children to predict the pneumonia. Leukocytosis appeared in 60% and CRP positive in 24% children. Grunting had the highest specificity of 94.66%. Chest x-ray identified 40% of pneumonia cases, while LUS identified 44% pneumonia cases. LUS had a sensitivity of 0.895 and a specificity of 0.66, and CXR had a sensitivity of 0.855 and a specificity of 0.60 to detect pneumonia. Conclusions. LUS cannot be used a sole diagnostic tool in childhood pneumonia, but it has role in the detection of complications. LUS has higher diagnostic accuracy than CXR for pneumonia diagnosis.
Investigation of correlation study among transcutaneous and total serum bilirubin content in preterm neonates
Authors:   Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, M Spandana , Vagha Jayant ,   Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, Vagha Keta ,   Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
Published: December 2023

Background. Neonatal jaundice is a commonly occurring problem in both full term and preterm neonates. It is one of the major causes for neonatal mortality and morbidity. Objective. To assess the correlation among transcutaneous bilirubinometer readings and Total serum bilirubin levels at different sites in early and late preterm neonates before and at the end of phototherapy. Method. An observational study was conducted in preterm neonates diagnosed with jaundice. The Transcutaneous Bilirubin (TCB) instrument, Drager JM105 is used to assess TCB and it was recorded on three sites and average of the three readings was noted. Prior to phototherapy, TCB was noted 30 min before TSB was sent. A photo-opaque patch was placed on the sternum and phototherapy was given. At the end of the phototherapy, TCB on the sternum was noted and then TSB was sent with a time gap of not more than 30 min. Results. In this study, out of 50 neonates 14 were early preterm and 36 were late preterm babies. It was found that there was a positive correlation between TCB and TSB in early preterm babies before phototherapy (p value=0.0019), but there was no correlation between TCB and TSB at the end of phototherapy. In late preterm babies there was no correlation between TCB and TSB both before phototherapy and at the end of phototherapy. Conclusion. In this study it was found that TCB has positive correlation with TSB and can be implemented for the screening of hyperbilirubinemia even in preterm neonates.
A política dos centros públicos de economia solidária da Bahia: um estudo sobre as condições de sustentabilidade
Authors: Vieira Patricia Carvalho
Published: December 2023

Este estudo propõe discorrer sobre a política dos centros públicos de economia solidária (Cesols), do governo estadual da Bahia, que são definidos como equipamentos públicos de assistência técnica aos empreendimentos econômicos solidários (EES). O objetivo foi compreender como estão articuladas as condições que pretendem promover a sustentabilidade dos EES, analisando as propostas e concepções orientadoras das ações dos Cesols, bem como cotejando os seus desdobramentos em face dos desenhos institucional e territorial da política. A autora conclui que, embora a política dos Cesols seja relevante e articule condições que podem contribuir para a sustentabilidade dos EES, elas não se apresentam como suficientes, tampouco podem ser consideradas plenamente efetivas. Há fatores institucionais e políticos com efeito limitante que diminuem a amplitude e o alcance das ações desenvolvidas.
O comportamento de admissões e desligamentos para o ajuste do emprego nas firmas formais brasileiras
Authors: Corseuil Carlos Henrique Leite , Foguel Miguel Nathan , Padilha Gabriela Carolina Rezende , Russo Felipe Mendonça
Published: December 2023

Investigaram as decisões das empresas em como ajustar seu nível de emprego a partir de dois objetivos principais. O primeiro consiste em investigar a importância relativa de cada margem de ajuste para diferentes níveis de intensidade de ajustes do emprego, ou seja, as importâncias relativas do desligamento voluntário e involuntário nessas mesmas magnitudes hipotéticas de crescimento do emprego. Em seguida, buscou-se analisar como essa importância relativa varia nas distintas fases do ciclo econômico.
Light Curves and Period Analysis of Beta Lyrae Stars
Authors: Cortés C. C. , Garcés J. , Mennickent R. E. , Djurasevic G.
Published: December 2023

We present the light-curve period analysis of 36 Beta Lyrae stars from the OMC Archive. We check the reference period of the sample by applying the phase dispersion minimization periodogram. From our research, we determine the orbital period of five stars in the sample. One of them is CP Psc, showing a prominent hump in the light curve before the deeper eclipse, and revealing a period of 0.6847936 day. Additionally, we improved the previously published orbital period for 27 stars. Within this sample, we discovered three stars with the O’Connell effect, and we identified a system with a second period known as II Per, with an orbital period of 0.4798512 day and a long period 9.2724776 days. The light curve of V 747 Cen can be reproduced with a dark spot of temperature about 70% its surroundings, which covers one of the poles of the more massive star.
Nonlinear Density Wave Theory in a Gaseous Disk
Authors: Vukcevic Miroslava
Published: December 2023

A nonlinear solution for the gaseous component of a galactic disk has been derived self-consistently using fluid description and reductive perturbation theory. We show that gas follows a spiral pattern, similarly to the stellar component; but the spirals are slightly separated due to different relevant parameters, as observations suggest. This analytical solution provides an additional contribution to a better understanding of rotation velocity curves of spiral galaxies. Since the proposed approach, and consequently solution, can be used in various astrophysical dynamical systems, we keep as general as possible a form of the calculus. We underline differences between the stellar and gaseous cases, and we apply this solution roughly on the gaseous disk component dynamics pointing out the importance of the nonlinear approach.
Deep Symbolic Regression for Physics Guided by Units Constraints: Toward the Automated Discovery of Physical Laws
Authors: Tenachi Wassim , Ibata Rodrigo , Diakogiannis Foivos I.
Published: December 2023

Symbolic regression (SR) is the study of algorithms that automate the search for analytic expressions that fit data. While recent advances in deep learning have generated renewed interest in such approaches, the development of SR methods has not been focused on physics, where we have important additional constraints due to the units associated with our data. Here we present Φ-SO, a physical symbolic optimization framework for recovering analytical symbolic expressions from physics data using deep reinforcement learning techniques by learning units constraints. Our system is built, from the ground up, to propose solutions where the physical units are consistent by construction. This is useful not only in eliminating physically impossible solutions but also because the grammatical rules of dimensional analysis enormously restrict the freedom of the equation generator, thus vastly improving performance. The algorithm can be used to fit noiseless data, which can be useful, for instance, when attempting to derive an analytical property of a physical model, and it can also be used to obtain analytical approximations of noisy data. We test our machinery on a standard benchmark of equations from the Feynman Lectures on Physics and other physics textbooks, achieving state-of-the-art performance in the presence of noise (exceeding 0.1%) and show that it is robust even in the presence of substantial (10%) noise. We showcase its abilities on a panel of examples from astrophysics.
X-Ray, Near-ultraviolet, and Optical Flares Produced by Colliding Magnetospheres in the Young High-eccentricity Binary DQ Tau
Authors: Getman Konstantin V. , Kóspál Ágnes , Arulanantham Nicole , Semenov Dmitry A. , Smirnov-Pinchukov Grigorii V. , van Terwisga Sierk E.
Published: December 2023

DQ Tau is a unique young high-eccentricity binary system that exhibits regular magnetic reconnection flares and pulsed accretion near periastron. We conducted NuSTAR, Swift, and Chandra observations during the 2022 July 30 periastron to characterize X-ray, near-ultraviolet (NUV), and optical flaring emissions. Our findings confirm the presence of X-ray superflares accompanied by substantial NUV and optical flares, consistent with previous discoveries of periastron flares in 2010 and 2021. These observations, supported by new evidence, strongly establish the magnetosphere collision mechanism as the primary driver of magnetic energy release during DQ Tau’s periastron flares. The energetics of the observed X-ray superflares remain consistent across the three periastra, indicating recurring energy sources during each passage, surpassing the capabilities of single stars. The observed flaring across multiple bands supports the Adams et al. model for magnetosphere interaction in eccentric binaries. Evidence from modeling and past and current observations suggests that both the millimeter/X-ray periastron flares and, tentatively, the magnetic-reconnection-related components of the optical/NUV emissions conform to the classical solar/stellar nonthermal thick-target model, except for the distinctive magnetic energy source. However, our NuSTAR observations suffered from high background levels, hindering the detection of anticipated nonthermal hard X-rays. Furthermore, we report the serendipitous discovery of X-ray superflares occurring away from periastron, potentially associated with interacting magnetospheres. The current study is part of a broader multiwavelength campaign, which plans to investigate the influence of DQ Tau’s stellar radiation on gas-phase ion chemistry within its circumbinary disk.
Mode Changing in PSR B0844-35 and PSR B1758-29 with Enhanced Emission at the Profile Centers
Authors: Basu Rahul , Mitra Dipanjan , Melikidze George I.
Published: December 2023

We have studied the single pulse emission from two pulsars, PSR B0844-35 and PSR B1758-29, over a wide frequency range of 300–750 MHz using the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. The two pulsars have relatively wide profiles with multiple components, which are a result of the line of sight traversing near the center of the emission beam. In both pulsars, the single pulse sequences show the presence of two distinct emission states, where the profiles become much brighter at the center, with prominent core components during one of the modes, while in the other mode the single pulses show odd–even subpulse drifting with a periodicity of around 2P, P being the rotation period of the pulsar. The centrally bright mode was seen for 10% of the observing duration in PSR B0844-35, which usually lasted for short durations of around 10 pulses, but had two longer sequences of around 100 pulses. On the contrary, the centrally bright mode was dominant in PSR B1758-29 and was seen for around 60% of the observing duration. PSR B1758-29 also showed period amplitude modulations of 60P–70P in both modes. The mode changing in these two pulsars facilitates investigation of the sparking process in the inner acceleration region, dominated by nondipolar magnetic fields. The change in the surface magnetic field configurations likely results in the emission mode change.
Exploring Physically Motivated Models to Fit Gamma-Ray Burst Spectra
Authors: Poolakkil S. , Preece R. , Veres P.
Published: December 2023

We explore fitting gamma-ray burst (GRB) spectra with three physically motivated models, and thus revisit the viability of synchrotron radiation as the primary source of GRB prompt emission. We pick a sample of 100 bright GRBs observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), based on their energy flux values. In addition to the standard empirical spectral models used in previous GBM spectroscopy catalogs, we also consider three physically motivated models; (a) a thermal synchrotron model, (b) a Band model with a high-energy cutoff, and (c) a smoothly broken power-law (SBPL) model with a multiplicative broken power law (MBPL). We then adopt the Bayesian information criterion to compare the fits obtained and choose the best model. We find that 42% of the GRBs from the fluence spectra and 23% of GRBs from the peak-flux spectra have one of the three physically motivated models as their preferred one. From the peak-flux spectral fits, we find that the low-energy index distributions from the empirical model fits for long GRBs peak around the synchrotron value of −2/3, while the two low-energy indices from the SBPL+MBPL fits of long GRBs peak close to the −2/3 and −3/2 values expected for a synchrotron spectrum from marginally fast-cooling electrons.
L’avenir des chrétiens au Moyen-Orient
Authors: Neuhaus David M. , Euvé François
Published: December 2023

La situation des chrétiens du Moyen-Orient est marquée par la peur. Mais celle-ci peut ne pas être le dernier mot. La connaissance de l’histoire est essentielle si l’on veut se garder des caricatures et s’ouvrir à la complexité des situations. De plus, une attitude de dialogue et de service, aussi difficile soit-elle, permettra de sortir des enfermements et d’envisager un avenir meilleur.
Composer un monde commun
Authors: Latour Bruno , Damour Franck , Euvé François , Sarthou-Lajus Nathalie
Published: December 2023

Bruno Latour est l’auteur d’une œuvre importante, originale et provocatrice, au croisement de plusieurs disciplines. Elle s’exprime aujourd’hui dans une vaste Enquête sur les modes d’existence , donnant lieu à de nombreuses publications. Sa recherche est guidée par une réflexion sur ce qui constitue une humanité « moderne » et sur ses impasses. Comme il l’explique dans l’entretien qui suit, cet itinéraire l’a conduit à traverser la pratique scientifique, l’innovation technique, le fonctionnement du droit, l’institution religieuse... Un point d’insistance est le rapport à la terre, « Gaïa », curieusement oubliée dans la pensée moderne, mais redécouverte aujourd’hui. À l’encontre du préjugé moderniste, l’humain et le non-humain ne peuvent être séparés, car ils sont intriqués en permanence. Cela permet de prendre conscience de la nécessaire pluralité des approches, à l’encontre d’un mode d’information immédiate et totale (que l’on pourrait appeler le « point de vue de Dieu »), toujours fascinant. Et c’est là qu’intervient la tradition chrétienne si l’on se rappelle l’importance de l’interprétation des textes bibliques comme « un long processus de transformations, inventions, gloses, rationalisations diverses ». Reprenant incessamment l’héritage de leur tradition, les chrétiens doivent mettre en œuvre une « invention fidèle », produisant des paroles qui font ce qu’elles disent, des « paroles miraculeuses qui fabriqueraient ceux qui les prononcent en même temps que ceux qui les entendent » (Jubiler).
Méditation orientale et oraison chrétienne
Authors: Gueullette Jean-Marie , Midal Fabrice , Sarthou-Lajus Nathalie
Published: December 2023

Comme en témoigne l’engouement pour des spiritualités hors-frontières, la méditation a acquis dans nos manières de vivre et de penser une place prépondérante. Le succès pour des pratiques de la méditation d’inspiration orientale nous interroge sur nos pratiques spirituelles chrétiennes : dans quelle mesure peuvent-elles être encore source d’innovation spirituelle ?
Une lecture religieuse du conflit israélo-palestinien
Authors: Philippe Bernard , Meyer David
Published: December 2023

Le conflit israélo-palestinien prend de plus en plus des deux côtés une coloration religieuse. Cela contribue à aggraver les tensions mais peut aussi, à l’inverse, indiquer une voie de sortie. La tradition juive (mais aussi musulmane) manifeste une ouverture à la « sagesse des nations ». C’est au titre même de la religion que l’on peut mettre en œuvre le droit international.
Les capitaux redécouvrent l’Afrique
Authors: Faujas Alain
Published: December 2023

L’afro-optimisme est à la mode. Les investisseurs découvrent que l’Afrique peut être une terre d’opportunités, parce qu’une importante classe moyenne est en train d’y voir le jour. Les Occidentaux n’ont plus peur d’y placer leur argent et encore moins les Chinois. De quoi réjouir de Rabat à Johannesburg et de Dakar à Dar-es-Salam, où les capitaux publics et privés étaient jusque-là trop chiches pour assurer un franc décollage et un recul de la pauvreté. Pour autant, il serait imprudent d’affirmer que le continent est la Chine de demain.
Les trajectoires des jeunes jihadistes français
Authors: Khosrokhavar Farhad
Published: December 2023

Une nouvelle forme de jihadisme se répand en France. Cela ne concerne plus seulement des jeunes musulmans « désaffiliés », mais inclut aussi de plus en plus de jeunes de classe moyenne, hommes et femmes. Si les premiers se sentent en rupture à l’égard de la société, ce n’est pas le cas des seconds, mieux intégrés. Pour eux, l’islamisme offre des normes bien définies dans un environnement familial et social où l’autorité est devenue floue.
Co-construction d’un dispositif d’ETP mono et polypathologique dans un centre municipal de santé
Authors: Legobien Anthony , Martin Hubert , Bontemps Véronique , Maroni Jean-Pierre , Thomas Christian , Canale Claudine , Ursulet Jean-Philippe , Abraham Gérard , Marchand Claire , Crozet Cyril
Published: December 2023

Introduction : L’accessibilité de l’Éducation Thérapeutique du Patient (ETP) est essentielle pour contribuer à une réduction des inégalités sociales et répondre aux défis posés par l’accroissement des maladies chroniques. En France, la répartition de l’offre d’ETP sur le territoire est inhomogène et les patients y occupent une place encore trop modeste. Dans ces perspectives, un centre municipal de santé a élaboré un dispositif innovant d’ETP en impliquant, dès le début, des patients concernés. Objectifs : Les objectifs de cet article sont de présenter la méthodologie mise en œuvre pour co-construire un dispositif d’ETP pour des patients porteurs d’une ou de plusieurs maladies prévalentes sur le territoire, ainsi que les résultats de la co-construction. Méthodes : Constitution d’une équipe projet avec divers acteurs : patients, professionnels de santé, administratifs, chercheurs. Organisation de temps synchrones et asynchrones. Résultats : Quatre réunions et de nombreux échanges ont permis de : définir les valeurs communes et les règles de fonctionnement de l’équipe projet, réfléchir sur la coordination du parcours de soins, identifier des besoins propres et partagés des patients touchés par le diabète de type 2, l’hypertension artérielle et/ou l’obésité, se mettre d’accord sur les principes du dispositif. Conclusion : Ce dispositif présente des avantages certains : organisation souple avec de nombreux liens avec les acteurs locaux, développement du partenariat, élargissement de la population concernée. Néanmoins, des questionnements et des difficultés ont été rencontrés comme la coordination des acteurs et la représentation des patients partenaires pour les maladies ciblées. Ce dispositif sera expérimenté et évalué principalement en vue de son amélioration.
L’intégration sociale protège-t-elle vraiment contre la solitude ? Déterminants genrés dans une population rurale du Sénégal
Authors: Deslauriers Véronique , Bignami Simona , Delaunay Valérie , Sandberg John
Published: December 2023

Introduction : Cette étude vise à tester une mesure de la solitude et à documenter ses déterminants chez les hommes et les femmes en milieu rural au Sénégal. Méthodes : Les données du Niakhar Social Networks and Health Project sont utilisées. L’échantillon d’analyse est composé de 1 261 résidents âgés de 16 ans et plus. Les analyses sont stratifiées par sexe. Les associations entre la solitude et ses déterminants (caractéristiques socio-démographiques et niveau d’intégration sociale) sont examinées à l’aide de régressions logistiques multivariées. Résultats : La solitude touche près d’un individu sur trois et sa prévalence est plus grande chez les femmes. Les analyses multivariées indiquent que, pour les hommes et les femmes, l’âge avancé favorise la solitude, et l’expérience migratoire récente protège contre la solitude. D’autres facteurs agissent de manière différente selon le sexe. La situation de veuvage ou de divorce pour les hommes, et l’isolement résidentiel pour les femmes, entrainent l’expérience de solitude. L’intégration sociale protège les hommes contre la solitude, mais cette relation ne se retrouve pas pour les femmes. Enfin, l’effet du niveau d’intégration sociale sur la solitude varie selon l’âge. Conclusion : Cette étude suggère que la solitude ne répond pas aux mêmes enjeux pour les hommes et pour les femmes et documente ce phénomène souvent occulté par les idées reçues relatives aux solidarités sociales dans ces sociétés. Pour les hommes, être intégrés socialement et être en union sont des éléments protecteurs, alors que pour les femmes, une faible intégration sociale n’apparait pas clairement comme une source de solitude, contrairement à l’isolement résidentiel.
Optimisation des soins de santé primaires au Burkina Faso : une approche éclairée par l’outil EQUIST
Authors: Johnson Ermel A. K. , Niaoné Moumini , Bado Aristide Romaric , Traore Youl Yeri , Sombié Issiaka
Published: December 2023

Introduction : Le Burkina Faso a fait de l’accès aux soins de santé primaires (SSP) une priorité nationale en l’inscrivant dans le plan national de développement sanitaire 2021-2030. But de l’étude : Notre étude visait à analyser les causes des inégalités d’accès aux SSP, les interventions prioritaires et les stratégies pour leur renforcement ainsi que leurs impacts potentiels sur la réduction de la mortalité maternelle et infantile. Résultats : Les maladies diarrhéiques, le paludisme et la pneumonie constituent les principales causes d’inégalités de décès infanto-juvénile en milieu rural. Quant aux décès maternels, l’avortement et ses complications étaient les principales causes d’inégalités des décès, associées aux troubles hypertensives. Les régions du Sahel, Boucle du Mouhoun, Centre-Nord, Est et les Cascades sont les zones géographiques où les interventions sont indispensables pour réduire les inégalités de décès maternels, néonataux, infanto-juvéniles et la malnutrition. Conclusion : Les priorités nationales ont pris en compte l’ensemble des interventions à haut impact de renforcement des SSP identifiées dans notre étude. La mise en œuvre des interventions doit prioriser les populations des milieux ruraux, les régions géographiques les plus affectés et ayant un haut impact. Ceci passe par l’implication et l’autonomisation des communautés bénéficiaires et la prise en compte du contexte de fragilité sécuritaire.
Abnormal dynamics of functional brain network in Apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Yang Xiaoli , Liu Yan
Published: December 2023

As is well known, the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is the most pertinent genetic hazardous element for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a prodromal stage of AD. How the APOE ε4 allele modulates functional connectivity of brain network in MCI group is a question worth exploring. At present, some studies have evaluated the relationship between APOE ε4 allele and static functional network connectivity (sFNC) for MCI individuals, while the relationship of dynamic FNC (dFNC) with APOE ε4 allele still remained puzzled. Thus, we aim to detect aberrant dFNC for APOE ε4 carriers in the MCI group. On the basis of the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data, seven intrinsic brain functional networks were first recognized by the group independent component analysis. Then, the technique of sliding window was employed to determine the dFNC, and two dFNC states were detected by the k-means clustering algorithm. Finally, three temporal properties of fraction time, mean dwell time as well as transition numbers in the dFNC states were investigated. The results found that the dFNC and temporal properties in APOE ε4 carriers were abnormal compared with those in APOE ε4 noncarriers. In detail, in the MCI group, compared with APOE ε4 noncarriers, carriers had 9 pairs of abnormal dFNC and had significant differences in all the three temporal properties of the two dFNC states. In addition, two pairs of dFNC were found significantly correlated with clinical measure. This detected abnormal dynamics of temporal properties and dFNC in APOE ε4 carriers were similar with that reported for AD patients in previous studies. These results may suggest that in the MCI group, APOE carriers are more at risk for AD compared to noncarriers. Our findings may offer novel insights into the mechanisms of abnormal brain reconfiguration for individuals at genetic risk for AD, which could also be regarded as biomarkers for the early identification of AD.
Consideraciones sobre las primeras psiquiatras en Brasil: formación, actuación y estrategias de integración (1920-1940)
Authors: Mercier Valentine , Martins Ygor
Published: December 2023

Este artículo analiza la forma en que se produjo la diversificación de género en la psiquiatría brasileña entre 1920 y 1940. A partir de la confrontación y comparación de las trayectorias de las siete primeras mujeres psiquiatras que identificamos en Brasil, mostramos cuáles fueron los factores que condicionaron su integración en la profesión psiquiátrica, y cómo esta integración incidió en el lugar que ocupan en la sociedad. Utilizando el concepto de generación y estilo de pensamiento de Ludwik Fleck a lo largo de la reflexión, estudiamos en primer lugar el perfil socioeconómico de estas mujeres, observando que la mayoría de ellas vienen de clases favorecidas de la sociedad brasileña. En un segundo paso, indagamos sobre las condiciones externas de su integración, en cuanto a la legislación vigente en materia de educación y acceso a estudios superiores, de las opciones científicas y académicas y de las oportunidades institucionales y profesionales que tenían. Por último, intentamos comprender las condiciones más implícitas de su integración en la profesión psiquiátrica, y los retornos que les aportaban a estas mujeres en el contexto en el que vivían.
Estado, naturaleza: instituciones de salud pública y atención médica en São Paulo entre los siglos XIX y XX
Authors: Barros da Silva Márcia Regina
Published: December 2023

El artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la noción de naturaleza y salud pública durante la transición del Imperio a la República, específicamente en São Paulo, en la región sureste de Brasil. La calidad de la naturaleza de São Paulo fue repetidamente destacada, incluso después de la llegada de las grandes epidemias de fiebre amarilla y cólera a partir de 1850. Los principales cambios que tuvieron lugar en ese período fueron el aumento de la densidad democrática, la sustitución del trabajo esclavizado por trabajadores blancos y el cambio de régimen político. El objetivo aquí es discutir de manera panorámica el lugar de asistencia brindado por las Santas Casas de Misericordia en el cambio del siglo XIX al XX, en un período en que la atención a la salud todavía era la principal preocupación del gobierno. Veremos que, con la creación de los servicios sanitarios en el período republicano, las nociones de benignidad del clima y de las tierras de São Paulo se transformaron en la apreciación del avance sanitario y la calidad del marco civilizador de São Paulo.
A gripe em Portugal. O caso da gripe russa (1889-1890)
Authors: Lopes Esteves Alexandra Patrícia , Faria Pinto Sílvia Daniela
Published: December 2023

[pt] Este trabalho trata da gripe em Portugal, dando particular destaque à gripe russa. Não será abordada a “gripe espanhola”, dada a profusão de estudos já publicados nos últimos anos sobre esta pandemia. O nosso objetivo consiste em mostrar a antiguidade da doença em Portugal, bem como a sua recorrência ao longo dos séculos, incluindo na contemporaneidade, quando a gripe alcançou maior incidência. Os periódicos e as publicações médicas são a principal base do nosso trabalho, que pretende ser um contributo para o estudo de uma doença que não tem merecido a atenção que, decerto, é devida, designadamente da parte da História.
The Impact of the Legislative, Political and Economic Context of the Country of Origin on Naturalisation. The Case of EU Nationals in Switzerland
Authors: Pont Aurélie , Wanner Philippe
Published: December 2023

Naturalization decision not only depends on the profile and migratory trajectory of those likely to acquire a new nationality but also on the characteristics of the host countries and the countries of origin. Until now, little attention has been paid to changes in the country of origin. Thus, this article focused on three events that may have affected the naturalization of foreign nationals living in Switzerland: recognition of dual nationality, EU accession, and the euro debt crisis. It aims to shed light on naturalization practices by comparing the evolution of naturalization rates throughout periods before and after these changes occurred in the country of origin. Results show that the recognition of dual nationality is likely to have an increased interest in naturalization on a long-term basis, while the new UE Member States’ naturalization rate decreased and converged towards the European rate. The impact of the economic crisis is more questionable.
The Transformation of Healthcare Marketing in the New Digital Era
Authors: Zreik Mohamad
Published: December 2023

Focusing on China's distinct market, this chapter delves into how healthcare marketing has evolved in the digital age. It analyzes how developments in AI, big data analytics, augmented reality, blockchain, and mobile technologies are fueling a transition toward a consumer-centric health culture. This chapter explores the changing demands and preferences of the Chinese healthcare market, the importance of value-driven marketing tactics, and the function of customer relationship management. Ethical concerns, pricing concerns, and success metrics are also discussed. This chapter is a must-read for anybody with even a passing interest in the rapidly growing field of digital healthcare, since it provides a thorough overview of the history, current applications, and future directions of digital healthcare in China.
Application of Short Video Semantic Understanding Technology Based on Big Data Analysis in Education Management
Authors: Yan Bingbing , Ma Chixiang , Wang Mingfei , Molina Ana Isabel
Published: December 2023

With the emergence of short video and the development of mobile internet, short video software, such as TikTok and Kwai, has emerged. Based on the semantic understanding technology of teaching short videos, a teaching management platform was built to push healthy and positive short video for students' content in a targeted way. Taking the 21st grade students majoring in Chinese in Guizhou Normal University as an example, the authors discusses the effect of teaching management platform on college students. In this process, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) Among college students, the viewing rate of short videos has exceeded 95%, and short videos have become an indispensable entertainment for most college students. (2) Through short video semantic understanding technology and short video screening program, excellent short video can be effectively pushed to students. (3) The actual effect shows that the short video teaching management platform can effectively improve the values of the cultural level of students.
Sporotrichosis in a Renal Transplant Patient: A Rare Case Report with a Review of the Literature
Authors: Sethi Suman , Mehta Sudhir , Makkar Vikas
Published: December 2023

Sporotrichosis is a rare form of subacute and chronic fungal infection in renal transplant recipients caused by the ubiquitous fungus Sporothrix schenckii. It is usually described in renal allograft recipients who have not been treated with antifungal prophylaxis. We report a rare case of cutaneous sporotrichosis in a 39-year-old renal allograft recipient already on antifungal prophylaxis, who presented with skin lesions. The diagnosis was made from a skin biopsy. The patient had increased tacrolimus levels after starting treatment with itraconazole, which was later changed to terbinafine and cryotherapy. The patient responded to treatment with regression of his lesions.