bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Taipei Adolescent Twin/Sibling Family Study I: Behavioral Problems, Personality Features, and Neuropsychological Performance
Authors: Lin Chaucer C. H. , Kuo Po-Hsiu , Su Chiu-Hsia , Chen Wei J.
Published: March 2007

The present study aimed to investigate genetic and environmental influences on behavioral problems, personality features, and neuropsycho-logical performance among adolescents in Taipei, Taiwan. Between 1996 and 1998, with the assistance of the Twin Association and junior high schools in Taipei City, we solicited a list of twins from 51 junior high schools in Taipei. Names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the twins enrolled in these schools were obtained. The vast majority of the recruited twins were between 12 and 16 years old. The recruited twins received assessments for behavioral problems, general and schizotypal personality, and cognitive functions. Their parents rated their children on behavioral/ emotional problems and were assessed on their own general and specific personality. Same-sex sibling pairs (ages vary within 2 years) and their parents from three schools were also recruited to increase sample size for the group with a kinship coefficient of .50. Twins' zygosity was determined by a combination of DNA typing and physical similarity. The Mx program was used to estimate parameters for the full model and its reduced models. The recruitment, measurements, data managements, and published results are described in this article.
The Taipei Adolescent Twin/Sibling Family Study II: Depression, Insulin Resistance, and Hormonal Factors
Authors: Kuo Shu-Yu , Pi-Hua Pi-Hua , Chuang Lee-Ming , Chen Wei J.
Published: March 2007

In this ongoing longitudinal study of adolescent twins/sibling pairs and their parents in Taipei, we aimed to investigate the genetic and environmental influences on adolescent behavioral development, metabolic risk factors, and the associations between the two. Special focus is on anxious depression, metabolic profile, and hormonal factors such as cortisol and leptin. The first wave of assessment was completed during the period of 2002 to 2005 and included 192 twin pairs, 6 triplets, 56 sibling pairs and their first-degree relatives (484 parents and 142 siblings). We are currently in the process of a second wave assessment as follow-up. Dimensional psychological assessments using self-report questionnaires, as well as categorical assessments based on semistructured clinical interviews, were performed. All subjects received a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test at the examination site. The metabolic phenotypes including body mass index, blood pressure, levels of glucose, insulin, and lipid profile as well as related hormonal levels were measured. Zygosity was determined using DNA, except for a few twins whose DNA was not available. Such a combination of detailed psychological assessments and metabolic function tests is expected to help shed light on the interrelation of psychological well-being and metabolic functioning.
Twins as Willing Research Participants: Successes From Studies Nested Within the California Twin Program
Authors: Cockburn Myles G. , Hamilton Ann S. , Zadnick John , Cozen Wendy , Mack Thomas M.
Published: March 2007

The California Twin Program (CTP) is a population-based sample of over 52,000 twins in which a number of nested studies are ongoing. We outline our experience to date, providing estimates of crude response rates for a variety of different study designs and protocols. We have experienced very high response rates in our studies to date, even in studies with demanding protocols. Lowest response rates have occurred in studies among afflicted individuals, and in one with an unusual protocol. We have experienced some difficulty in locating original members of the cohort, despite efforts to trace individuals using a variety of sources of information. However, in most analyses, the participating sample of twins does not differ substantially from the underlying sample from the CTP. Future work will focus on improving methods of recontacting cohort members.
Res-qualia: Could consciousness evolve?
Authors: Garcia Raquel Paricio
Published: March 2007

The article is an approach to the possibilities of the evolution of consciousness. The research will be presented from the point of view of the Art and Mystic experiences and also compared with the biological point of view.The differences between the perception space and the representation
space will be described, since it is considered that the later represents the location where the conscience processes take place. An example in the contemporary architecture on the representation space (the Jean Nouvel's Agbar Tower) will be analysed. The contemporary artistic practices on
living tissue manipulation will also be reviewed: artists inspired by the evolutionary laws are working nowadays with the manipulation of living tissues as artistic objects. This could be a controversial phenomenon that may drive the art-science to a materialistic position. It is for this
reason that the work with consciousness could prove that the immaterial or energy is a real element that humans can manipulate as they do with living tissues. To know how to do it would be the research in art for this century and could change the direction in art-science, could change the
direction of the global consciousness through a planetary culture.
A merging of mindsets through collision and collusion
Authors: Harrison Dew , Rauch Barbara
Published: March 2007

This paper is presented as a performance between the two authors who are discussing the notion of daydreaming as a transitional space between their research interests in dreams and the semantic associations of conscious thought. The first half concerns the logical, rational awake mind
when applied to an understanding of daydreaming as a bridge between one state and another. It investigates the idea of the interactive interface as a parallel with the daydream where both enable a middle ground, or safe space for crossing-over. The difficulty highlighted through the performative
reading of the paper is to keep focus without slipping into the interstitial state of a daydream. The paper gently drifts towards the second half, which explores understanding of dreamstates and the neuroscientific models of the unconscious brain.
Epimeric phenylpropanoid glycosides from inner bark of Paulownia coreana Uyeki
Authors: Kim Jin-Kyu , Si Chuan-Ling , Bae Young-Soo
Published: March 2007

Three epimeric phenylpropanoid glycosides have been isolated from the aqueous acetone extract of Paulownia coreana inner bark. One compound is new and its structure has been established by spectroscopic methods as R,S-7″′-(3″′,4″′-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1″→3′)-β-D-(6′-O-caffeoyl)-glucopyranoside.
Lipid and lignin composition of woods from different eucalypt species
Authors: Rencoret Jorge , Gutiérrez Ana , del Río José C.
Published: March 2007

The lipid and lignin compositions of woods from the eucalypt speciesEucalyptus globulus,E. nitens,E. maidenii,E. grandis, andE. dunniihave been characterized. The lipid composition was analyzed by GC and GC/MS using short- and medium-length high-temperature capillary columns, which allowed the detection of intact high-molecular-weight compounds. Similar lipid compositions were observed in all eucalypt woods, which were dominated by sitosterol, sitosterol esters and sitosteryl 3β-D-glucopyranoside. These substance classes are mainly responsible for pitch deposition during kraft pulping of eucalypt wood. However, some quantitative differences were found in the abundance of different lipid classes, with wood fromE. globuluscontaining the lowest amounts of these pitch-forming compounds. The lignins of all eucalypt woods were analyzedin situ(without previous isolation) by pyrolysis-GC/MS. A predominance of syringyl (S) over guaiacyl (G) lignin units was observed and the S/G ratio was in the range from 2.7 to 4.1.E. globuluswood had the highest S/G ratio, a finding that, together with its low lignin content, explains its easy delignification under kraft cooking conditions.
Contribution of hardness to the natural resistance of a range of wood species to attack by the marine borer Limnoria
Authors: Cragg Simon M. , Danjon Cedric , Mansfield-Williams Hugh
Published: March 2007

This study set out to determine whether wood surface hardness plays a role in determining the resistance to Limnoria attack. The feeding rates of the wood-boring crustacean Limnoria quadripunctata on matchstick-sized samples of a range of timbers were assessed by measuring the production of faecal pellets under forced feeding conditions. Pellet production rates varied significantly between wood species, with production on Lophira alata (ekki) 25-fold lower than that on non-durable Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood. The surface hardness of the timbers was measured for air-dry and seawater-soaked samples using a microindentation technique. The force required for a universal testing machine to drive a 150-μm-diameter pin 1.2 mm into the samples was measured. For all wood species, the hardness of seawater-soaked wood was lower than that of air-dry wood. Hardness was found to correlate positively with density. Pellet production rates showed a significant negative correlation with hardness across the range of species used, but if the denser species alone were considered, wood species significantly affected the rate, but hardness did not. In view of these observations, tests on resistance to attack by Limnoria should include a denser, non-durable wood species for comparison, as its hardness would likely be more similar to that of the durable species.
Biodeterioration of treated Pinus radiata timber by Australian decay fungi and the termite Coptotermes acinaciformis in laboratory bioassays and field conditions
Authors: Przewloka Simon R. , Ahmed Berhan , Vinden Peter , French John , Hann Jeffrey A.
Published: March 2007

The resistance of Pinus radiata sapwood blocks treated with a boron-based preservative to biodeterioration by five Australian wood destroying fungi [Fomitopsis lilacino-gilva, Coniophora olivacea, Gloeophyllum abietinum (boron resistant), Serpula lacrymans and Perenniporia tephropora] was investigated. A phenyl pyrazole termiticide (fipronil) was also incorporated into the formulation to determine whether its presence affects biological efficacy. A linseed oil, liquid wax, terebene and trimethyl borate formulation inhibited decay by the trial fungi. Incorporation of fipronil did not affect the fungicidal properties. Fipronil alone exhibited no fungicidal activity. The termiticidal activity of fipronil was assessed (termite field test) in a formulation incorporating a fungicide, water repellent and drying agent in an alternative solvent carrier to that previously reported. The biological activity of the test compound was not diminished in this system. The 1-year progress performance of an ongoing in ground graveyard trial of similarly treated stakes, exposed to numerous termite species and decay fungi in tropical field conditions, is also presented. The predominant biological agent at the field site is the Australian subterranean termite Coptotermes acinaciformis (Froggatt). Treated stake samples of the Australian softwood Pinus radiata were exposed.
Your Money Matters
Authors: Silverman Sydel
Published: March 2007

•AAA Bequeathed $79,000 Stacy Lathrop  •The Benefits of Planned Giving Richard D Barrett
Novelist to Give Anthropologists a Remedial Talk on the Choctaw Nation
Authors: Ismail Zohra
Published: March 2007

•To His Honor the Governor D L Birchfield
Washington Wire
Authors: Nuti Paul J
Published: March 2007

•Smithsonian in Deal to Market Digital Images •Evolution Disclaimer Case in Cobb County, GA, Dropped •AAA Moves to Join AAUP/AAR Amicus Brief in Ramadan Case
Association of Latina and Latino Anthropologists
Authors: Takash Paule Cruz , Nu?ez‐Janes Mariela
Published: March 2007

•Chicana/Latina Feminism, Anthropology and Sobrevivencia Mariela Nu?ez‐Janes
National Association for the Practice of Anthropology
Authors: Treitler Inga E
Published: March 2007

•Women as Role Models for a New Generation of Practicing Anthropologists Christina Wasson
National Association of Student Anthropolgists
Authors: Bernardo Melinda
Published: March 2007

•On Ethics and Human Rights Dawn C Stricklin
Society for the Anthropology of Conciousness
Authors: McBride Lawrence B
Published: March 2007

•Turner SAC/AAA Distinguished Lecture Mark A Schroll
Society for the Anthropology of Europe
Authors: Smith Andrea
Published: March 2007

•From "Society" to "Social Cohesion" Andrea Muehlebach
Society for the Anthropology of North America
Authors: Hyatt Susan B
Published: March 2007

•Fieldwork on the Crow Indian Reservation Kelly M Branam
Society for Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology
Authors: Caballero‐Arias Hortensia
Published: March 2007

•Globalizations and Indigenous Power in the Brazilian Amazon Brian J Burke
Society for Linguistic Anthropology
Authors: Stanlaw James , Peterson Mark Allen
Published: March 2007

•Lies, Damn Lies and Political Ads Mark Allen Peterson
Society for Medical Anthropology
Authors: Taylor Janelle S , Ragsdale Kathleen
Published: March 2007

•Council on Anthropology and Reproduction Initiative Lynn M Morgan
Society for Visual Anthropology
Authors: Barriga Miguel Diaz
Published: March 2007

•New Website for Material and Visual Culture Haidy Geismar, Daniel Miller, Graeme Were, Aaron Glass  •The Cultural Biography of Franz Boas' Hamat'sa Diorama Aaron Glass
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Prior to Nonmyeloablative Irradiation Decreases Murine Host Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function and Increases Engraftment of Donor Marrow Cells
Authors: Barese Cecilia , Pech Nancy , Dirscherl Sara , Meyers Justin L. , Sinn Anthony L. , Yoder Mervin C. , Goebel W. Scott , Dinauer Mary C.
Published: March 2007

The use of nonmyeloablative conditioning prior to bone marrow transplantation is an important component of transplantation-based therapies for nonmalignant blood diseases. In this study, treatment of recipient mice with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) prior to low-dose total body irradiation (LD-TBI) enhanced long-term engraftment of freshly isolated congenic marrow 1.5- to 2-fold more than treatment with LD-TBI alone. This combined regimen was also evaluated in a mouse model of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD), where neutrophils have a defective NADPH oxidase due to genetic deletion of the gp91phox subunit. Long-term engraftment of male X-CGD bone marrow cells cultured ex vivo for retroviral transduction of gp91phox was enhanced by ∼40% when female X-CGD recipients were pretreated with G-CSF prior to 300 cGy. These data confirm that sequential treatment with G-CSF and LD-TBI prior to transplantation increases long-term engraftment of donor marrow, and they extend this approach to transplantation of murine donor marrow cultured ex vivo for gene transfer. Additional studies showed that the administration of G-CSF prior to LD-TBI did not alter early homing of donor marrow cells. However, the combined regimen significantly decreased the content of long-term repopulating cells in recipient marrow compared with LD-TBI alone, as assessed in competitive assays, which may contribute to the enhanced engraftment of donor marrow cells.

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Spectrophotometric determination of thioctic (α-lipoic) acid in water and pharmaceutical preparations
Authors: Koricanac Zagorka , Cakar Mira , Tanaskovic Sladjana , Jovanovic Tatijana
Published: March 2007

A spectrophotometric method is described for the assay of thioctic acid. The method is based on the reaction between the drug and palladium(II) chloride. In this reaction, a yellow-colored, water soluble product with a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio and an absorption maximum at 365 nm was formed. The stability of the formed complex depends on various factors (pH, reaction time, concentration of reagents, ionic strength). Based on these findings, a new method is suggested for the spectrophotometric determination of thioctic acid in pharmaceutical formulations. This method is simple, sensitive and reproducible. .
The properties of high-energy milled pre-alloyed copper powders containing 1 wt.% Al
Authors: Rajkovic Viseslava , Bozic Dusan , Devecerski Aleksandar
Published: March 2007

The microstructural and morphological changes of inert gas atomized pre-alloyed Cu-1 wt.% Al powders subjected to hith-energy milling were studied. The microhardness of hot-pressed compacts was measured as a function of milling time. The thermal stability during exposure at 800 ?C and the electrical conductivity of compacts were also examined. During the high-energy milling, severe deformation led to refinement of the powder particle grain size (from 550 nm to about 55 nm) and a decrease in the lattice parameter (0.10 %), indicating precipitation of aluminium from the copper matrix. The microhardness of compacts obtained from 5 h-milled powders was 2160 MPa. After exposure at 800?C for 5 h, these compacts still exhibited a high microhardness value (1325 MPa), indicating good thermal stability. The increase of microhardness and good thermal stability is attributed to the small grain size (270 and 390 nm before and after high temperature exposure, respectively). The room temperature electrical conductivity of compacts processed from 5 h-milled powder was 79% IACS. .
Extraction of flavonoids from garden (Salvia officinalis L.) and glutinous (Salvia glutinosa L.) sage by ultrasonic and classical maceration
Authors: Velickovic Dragan , Nikolova Milena , Ivancheva Stephanie , Stojanovic Jelena , Veljkovic Vlada
Published: March 2007

Flavonoids were analyzed in the extracts of garden (Salvia officinalis L.) and glutinous (Salvia glutinosa L.) sage. Ultrasonic extraction (20 minutes at 40?C) and classical maceration (6 h at room temperature) of the extractable substances from dried herbs and dried residual plant materials from which the essential oil had previously been removed by hydrodistillation were performed with petroleum ether, 70 % aqueous solution of ethanol and water. It was found that the extracts from both plants contained flavonoids, but their compositions were dependent of the plant species, the polarity of the extracting solvent and the extraction technique applied. Apigenin and its derivatives (e.g., apigenin 4'-methyl ether), scutellarein 6-methyl ether, isoscutellarein 8-methyl ether, luteolin and 6-OH-luteolin-6-methyl ether where distinctive for S. officinalis. Apigenin, luteolin, 6-OH-luteolin-6-methyl ether, kaempherol 3-methyl ether, kaempherol 3,7-dimethyl ether, quercetin 3,7,3'-trimethyl ether and quercetin 3,7,3',4'-tetramethyl ether were distinctive for S. glutinosa. The flavonoids were also detected in considerable quantities in the plant material from which the essential oils had been already removed. Hence, this industrial waste plant material might be further used as a source of the flavonoids. .
Supercritical fluid extraction of hops
Authors: Zekovic Zoran , Pfaf-Sovljanski Ivana , Grujic Olgica
Published: March 2007

Five cultivars of hop were extracted by the method of supercritical fluid extraction using carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2) as extractant. The extraction (50 g of hop sample using a CO2 flow rate of 97.725 L/h) was done in the two steps: 1. extraction at 150 bar and 40?C for 2.5 h (sample of series A was obtained) and, after that, the same sample of hop was extracted in the second step: 2. extraction at 300 bar and 40?C for 2.5 h (sample of series B was obtained). The Magnum cultivar was chosen for the investigation of the extraction kinetics. For the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the obtained hop extracts, the GC-MS method was used. Two of four the most common compounds of hop aroma (?-humulene and ?-caryophyllene) were detected in samples of series A. In addition, isomerized ?-acids and a high content of ?-acids were detected. The ?-acids content in the samples of series B was the highest in the extract of the Magnum cultivar (it is a bitter variety of hop). The low contents of ?-acids in all the other hop samples resulted in extracts with low ?-acids content, i.e., that contents were under the prescribed ?-acids content.
Existence of a solution of the quasi-variational inequality with semicontinuous operator
Authors: Jovanov Djurica
Published: March 2007

The paper considers quasi-variational inequalities with point to set operator. The existence of a solution, in the case when the operator of the quasi-variational inequality is semi-continuous and the feasible set is convex and compact, is proved.
Aggregation for quality management
Authors: Mirkovic Marko , Hodolic Janko , Radojevic Dragan
Published: March 2007

The problem relevant for quality management such as aggregation of many features into one representative is analyzed. Actually, in quality management practice, standard approaches to aggregation are often trivial and as a consequence - inadequate. In this paper, aggregation is treated as a logical and/or pseudo-logical operation that is important from many points of view such as adequacy and interpretations.
Comparison of the efficiency of two algorithms which solve the shortest path problem with an emotional agent
Authors: Petruseva Silvana
Published: March 2007

This paper discusses the comparison of the efficiency of two algorithms, by estimation of their complexity. For solving the problem, the Neural Network Crossbar Adaptive Array (NN-CAA) is used as the agent architecture, implementing a model of an emotion. The problem discussed is how to find the shortest path in an environment with n states. The domains concerned are environments with n states, one of which is the starting state, one is the goal state, and some states are undesirable and they should be avoided. It is obtained that finding one path (one solution) is efficient, i.e. in polynomial time by both algorithms. One of the algorithms is faster than the other only in the multiplicative constant, and it shows a step forward toward the optimality of the learning process. However, finding the optimal solution (the shortest path) by both algorithms is in exponential time which is asserted by two theorems. It might be concluded that the concept of subgoal is one step forward toward the optimality of the process of the agent learning. Yet, it should be explored further on, in order to obtain an efficient, polynomial algorithm.
Determining an optimal retail location by using GIS
Authors: Trubint Nikola , Ostojic Ljubomir , Bojovic Nebojsa
Published: March 2007

Reengineering of retail networks is a continual process that has been in the forefront of management attention worldwide. The central question is how to achieve positive business results under high costs, but at the same time maintain the attained service quality. This reengineering process may be implemented successfully only if preceded by detailed preparations concerning, primarily, the analysis of business results, market potentials and retail outlet location. GIS tools offer a strong support to this process. Apart from theoretical considerations, this paper will also present the use of GIS as a tool in determining the optimal locations of the Serbian post retail.
Volume, characteristics and consequences of internal migration in Colombia
Authors: Martine George
Published: March 2007

More than one-third of the Colombian population can be classified as migrants. The prevailing direction of movements is urbanwards, yet it is significant that better than a third of all movements are to rural destinations. Nationwide comparisons of migrants and residents on demographic characteristics would indicate that all streams are selective of the younger and unmarried population, with women predominating in urbanwards movements and men in those to rural areas. However, when compared in terms of socioeconomic characteristics, migrants are more sharply differentiated among themselves than they are from the resident population at each of their respective destinations. Within the migrant population, a natural funneling of the more able migrants to the largest centers suggests itself. Migrants have consistently higher activity rates than the remainder of the population and, in the case of men at least, appear capable of competing for jobs on an equal basis with residents at their respective destinations. Female migrants, however, are consistently overrepresented in lower-status activities, particularly in domestic services.
Adventures of a Bohemian Nobleman in Palestine and Egypt in the Days of Queen Elizabeth
Authors: Wratislaw A. H.
Published: March 2007

A Bohemian nobleman, Christopher Harant, of Polzitz, is one of those travellers to whom we are indebted for our knowledge of the state of Palestine, Egypt, and other Eastern countries whilst the Turkish power was still the dread scourge of Christendom. In those days pilgrimages were not made at ease by the aid of railways and steamboats, but in disguise and at the risk of life. Harant himself was originally a Catholic, but eventually joined the Utraquist communion, and was beheaded along with Bohemia's best and noblest, Ferdinand II., on June 21, 1621. Bohemia's liberties were then destroyed, her language and literature proscribed, her population reduced by exile and war from four millions to eight hundred thousand, and Jesuit supremacy culminated in the canonization of St John Nepomucen, the pseudo-protomartyr of the confessional, and the basis of an extraordinary blunder of the most untrustworthy of chroniclers, Hayik, crystallized in a fiction written by the Jesuit Balbinus, and finally accepted as genuine history by the Roman Curia.
Malta and its Knights
Authors: Cowdy Samuel
Published: March 2007

Malta, formerly called Melita, is an island of great value and strength. Oval in figure, its area would probably be found to involve the measure of one hundred square miles. Separated from Gozzo—the fabled isle of Calypso, by a channel between four and five miles broad, in the centre of which is an islet called Cumino or Cumina, it seems likely that at some remote period the three islands constituted one. In many parts of Gozzo excavations have led to such important discoveries that this smaller island is by many deemed a fine field in which lovers of antiquities would reap signal success: especially in reference to the period when Gozzo, as well as Malta, was under the sovereignty of the Knights.
Some Account of Sir Audley Mervyn, his Majesty's Prime Sergeant and Speaker in the House of Commons in Ireland, from 1661 Till 1666
Authors: Prendergast John P.
Published: March 2007

Sir Audley Mervyn, though of not a very lofty style of character, played no undistinguished part in Ireland in the great era of the war, or rebellion, of 1641.

He was already well known as an able lawyer and an active member of the Irish Parliament at the time of the outbreak. He had been selected by the House of Commons, in the month of March, 1641, to conduct their impeachment of Sir Richard Bolton, Lord Chancellor; Bramhall, Bishop of Deny; Sir Gerrard Lowther, Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas; and Sir George Radcliff, Privy Councillor. These were friends and ministers of the Earl of Strafford, then under impeachment by the Commons of England. The proceedings in Ireland were only in aid of the measures of Pym and the other parliamentary leaders in England, and were abandoned after Strafford's fall. Audley Mervyn, then a representative in Parliament for the county of Tyrone, was selected for a kind of eloquence much admired in that day. It was full of farfetched similes, allusions to Scripture, and physical incidents, and stuffed with quotations taken alternately from the Roman poets and from the law-Latin of Coke upon Littleton.
Historical Notes on the Education of the Deaf
Authors: Ackers B. St. John
Published: March 2007

The term “deaf and dumb,” as commonly used in this country to include the whole of this unhappy class, is a misnomer, the only persons to whom it could properly apply being those wholly uneducated, or who cannot hear or speak, though educated or partially so. It will be thus seen that for the vast majority of these unhappy ones—for all, indeed, if properly educated—the term should be “deaf,” not “deaf and dumb” for there is no such thing as a child born dumb because deaf. All without exception are born with voice, i.e., can produce vocal sound. It is only because of the want of a proper means of communication between deaf children and hearing persons that the former become dumb. Their brain-power, too, is the same as that of ordinary persons,—in fact, deafness alone makes them to differ.
The Turanian Epoch of the Romans, as also of the Greeks, Germans, and Anglo-Saxons, in relation to the Early History of the World
Authors: Clarke Hyde
Published: March 2007

The paper which is here offered to the Royal Historical Society, following that of the Khita-Peruvian in 1877, and the early English in 1878, brings the results of new investigations to bear on the history of early or Turanian (Turano-African) culture in the world, and its contact with the Assyrians and consequent decline.
Henry VIII.'s Book, “Assertio Septem Sacramentorum,” and the Royal Title of “Defender of the Faith.”
Authors: Brown J. Mainwaring
Published: March 2007

The titles which have been borne by English sovereigns, in common with those of many other exalted personages, were formerly more remarkable for the splendour of their sound or the curiosities of their historical associations than for the accuracy with which they expressed the rights and powers which belonged to, or were even claimed by, their possessors. The kings of England called themselves kings of Scotland when their whole territory beyond the border consisted of the town of Berwick. They were called Lords of Ireland in times when no English soldier could venture beyond the Pale. They claimed the dignity of King of France when they had not held a foot of French ground for a century; and finally, ever since the time of Henry VIII., they have been styled “Defenders of the Faith”—a title which, taken in its original meaning, declares them to be the defenders of a branch of the Christian faith of which they are the hereditary arch-opponents.
The Celt in Power: Tudor and Cromwell
Authors: Palmer J. Foster
Published: March 2007

In a former paper I pointed out some of the distinctive marks which appear to belong especially to the early British character. The importance of this is obvious both from a historical and from a political point of view when we consider the mixed and various types which in the present day inhabit our country.
Historical Sketch of South Africa
Authors: Frere Bartle
Published: March 2007

I propose in the following remarks to note briefly the leading events, as far as they are known to us, in the history of South Africa, adding in an appendix a chronological table of dates.

This sketch can make no pretensions to throwing any new light, from original documents, on the transactions noticed. It is simply a popular summary of events without some knowledge of which no fair judgment can be formed on questions affecting South Africa.
Notes on the Local Progress of Protestantism in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
Authors: Malden Henry Elliot
Published: March 2007

I have deliberately called this paper notes only upon the wide subject of which it treats. It deals with some evidence; not all evidence available, yet enough, I think, to warrant some conclusions.

Progressive change and growth of opinions, or decay of opinions and their modification, are more powerful factors in bringing about political and social changes than wars or acts of government, but receive less attention than is their due from the difficulty of tracing them clearly.
Origin of the New England Company, London, With an Account of its Labours on Behalf of the North-American Indians.
Authors: Venning Wm. Marshall
Published: March 2007

John Eliot, long known as ‘the apostle of the North-American Red Men,’ and other Englishmen early in the seventeenth century, laboured to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ to the heathen natives of New England in their own Indian language, and in doing so, found it necessary to carry on civilisation with religion, and to instruct them in some of the arts of life. Their writings, and more particularly some of the tracts known as the ‘Eliot Tracts,’ aroused so much interest in London that the needs of the Indians of New England were brought before Parliament, and on July 27, 1649, an Act or Ordinance was passed with this title :—‘A Corporation for the Promoting and Propagating the Gospel of Jesus Christ in New England.’
The Early Intercourse of the Franks and Danes. Part II
Authors: Howorth Henry H.
Published: March 2007

There is a passage in one of the Frankish annals which has not received the attention which it deserves, and which I believe throws a great deal of light on the history of the Danish revolutions of the early part of the ninth century. This chronicle was written in verse by a Low Saxon monk some time during the reign of Arnulph, who died in 899. Under the year 807 we read that a Norman chief named Alfdeni, accompanied by a great following, submitted to Charlemagne, and made a perpetual pact with him (Pertz, 1, 263). This notice I consider is very important. It is quite clear, from what we know of Norse modes of thought and habits, that this was no plebeian, but some distinguished chief. It is further clear that no Danish chief would put his head under the yoke of the Frank empire except under compulsion. That such a one should have willingly and freely subjected himself to the mighty Kaizer Charles is incredible; nor, again, is it to be supposed that a statement like this, in which an uncommon name is mentioned by the Saxon poet, was an invention of his own. The only alternative that remains is the view I would urge, namely, that he was a fugitive and an outcast. If a fugitive, he was in all probability escaping from the dominant chief of Denmark at this time, namely, Godfred.
The Historical Development of Idealism and Realism
Authors: Zerffi Gustavus George
Published: March 2007

The principal component elements in the progressive struggle of the historical development of Idealism and Realism were, “Hellenism ” on the one side, and a misunderstood “Christianity” on the other. Hellenism, in spite of its Platonic idealism, still represented the embodiment of the forces of nature, while Christianity strove for the spiritualization and “disembodiment” of all phenomena, and of man himself. This tendency, which took its origin in the ascetics of India and the mystic priests of Egypt, produced that grand and mighty phenomenon of monasticism, the aim of which was to retire from the world, and to attain a state of conscious blissfulness in this life. Monks were said to be able to dispense with food, to float in the air, to have intercourse with angels and sometimes also with demons, to see with bodily eyes the glories of the saints, to pierce the future, and to lead an incorporeal life in spite of their living bodies. An EgyptoBuddhistic Platonism began to sway the minds of Christian believers, and they thronged in tens of thousands to people deserts and woods, mountains and sea-shores, with anchorets, pillar saints, coenobites, and hermits. Humanity was apparently altogether absorbed in a spiritualized stoicism, applying Epicurus's principles to an ascetic life, finding joy, contentment.
Domestic Every-day Life, and Manners and Customs in this Country, From the Earliest Period to the end of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Harris George
Published: March 2007

The Norman conquest, when William, Duke of Normandy, in the year 1066, landed in this country with a number of his chosen followers, and after killing King Harold in battle, and routing his army, established here the Norman sway, and introduced new laws and customs and manners, is one of those leading events in the history of this country by which the most important results upon its whole career, and more especially the cause of its civilization, were produced. True it is that the bulk of the people remained, and many of their institutions continued unchanged. But a great deal that was new was engrafted on the old. The native inhabitants were brought into immediate contact with the people of another country, who were not only more powerful than themselves, but who possessed different habits and pursuits and modes of thought, and who varied from them essentially in character and disposition; besides being used to a manner of living entirely varying from what they found here, and who were moreover determined, as the dominant power, to make changes in the government and institutions of the kingdom. Civilization was thus advanced by the coming in contact of the people of the two countries, and by the superior cultivation possessed by the Normans; and a very great stimulus was given to art, commerce, and national enterprise of every description. Hence, although I do not intend to give an account of the battles and political contests which occurred during their early career in this country, yet the Norman conquest is so intimately connected with, and had so important an influence on the habits, pursuits, and general condition of the people in this land, that it is absolutely necessary, in order correctly to become acquainted with the latter, to take a general survey of the former also.
The Study of History
Authors: de Vericour
Published: March 2007

The paramount usefulness of history, with all its ramifications, as a branch of education has not yet met with a full recognition. The real position and dignity of history remains' still a subject of controversy. The point at issue is—whether history may be considered and studied as a science or not. In France and Germany the question has long been decided. In both countries distinguished writers have invested history with a scientific importance—with a preeminence in general education not readily accepted by the practical Anglo-Saxon. In Great Britain, several eminent historians do believe that there are necessary laws regulating the moral as well as the physical world; they believe that the same powers prevail in the moral movement of nations as in the physical world, and that the human as well as the physical world is subjected to invariable rules in its progressive, harmonious, irresistible movement and growth. But a much greater number of English thinkers, and, we believe, the public generally, maintain that humanity advances by a free effort and free will,—that the progress of nations does not advance subjected to invariable laws, and that consequently history cannot be considered as a science until these laws are discovered, proved, and established. They insist on the fact that physical science alone is possible, as material objects are inanimate, whilst a science relating to human actions is impossible, because a man is free, rational, and responsible agent.
The Life of Fra Salimbene. 1221—1290
Authors: Oliphant T. L. Kington
Published: March 2007

Few nations can rival Italy in the surpassing interest of her annals. Her great capital has not ceased to influence mankind for two thousand years; and in the Middle Ages its power was twofold; all Western Christendom bowed before the Roman Empire and the Roman Church. But one and the same firmament could not hold these two great lights; the Pope and Emperor were grappling together in a deadly struggle for nearly two hundred years after 1076, though their warfare was sometimes broken by a truce.
Notes from the Records of Faversham
Authors: Cowper J. M.
Published: March 2007

The history of a small country town in the reign of Queen Elizabeth ought to present features of interest, not only to the student of our country's history, but also to the general reader. A good deal may be learnt from the poetical and prose writers of the time; but we all know that writings produced in the heat of political argument, or for representation on the stage, are almost sure to partake of a some-what artificial form. I need not say one word as to the peculiar interest which attaches to this reign over other reigns. Perhaps, to speak truly, no reign possesses in itself an interest superior to another. For-one man the Tudor period possesses no attractions whatever, for a second the reign of Henry may have charms sufficient to render him oblivious even of the times when Henry's children sat in succession on his throne.
An Official Inaccuracy Respecting the Death and Burial of the Princess Mary, Daughter of King James I
Authors: Chester Colonel Joseph Lemuel
Published: March 2007

If any present or future historian consults the official Burial Register of Westminster Abbey for the date of the interment of the Princess Mary, third daughter and sixth child of King James I. and the Princess Anne of Denmark, he will find it to be the 16th of December, 1607. If he pursues his search, and resorts to the monument erected to her memory in Henry VII.'s Chapel, he will find it distinctly recorded on the marble that she died on that day. If he then examines the contemporaneous histories of that period, and especially the minute details and social gossip contained in certain trustworthy correspondence, which has been preserved and become a part of history, he will inevitably, and with perfect justice, arise from their perusal with the conviction that the royal parents were, as parents, devoid of the ordinary instincts of humanity, and as sovereigns lost to all sense of common decency; and that the Court by which they were upheld, and the nation by which their conduct was tolerated, must have been in a state of the most gross and outrageous immorality.
The History of Landholding in England
Authors: Fisher Joseph
Published: March 2007

I Do not propose to enter upon the system of landholding in Scotland or Ireland, which appears to me to bear the stamp of the Celtic origin of the people, and which was preserved in Ireland long after it had disappeared in other European countries formerly inhabited by the Celts. That ancient race may be regarded as the original settlers of a large portion of the European continent, and its land system possesses a re-markable affinity to that of the Slavonic, the Hindoo, and even the New Zealand races. It was originally Patriarchal, and then Tribal, and was Communistic in its character.
Memoir of George Wishart, the Scottish Martyr. with his Translation of the Helvetian Confession, and a Genealogical History of the Family of Wishart
Authors: Rogers Charles
Published: March 2007

An inquiry into the life of George Wishart presented few attractions. Believing that he claimed the gift of prophecy, Mr Hill Burton describes him as “a visionary.” Mr Froude charges him with preaching without authority and with illegally assuming the priestly office. Professor Lorimer alleges that, in his early ministry, he denied the doctrine of the Atonement. Mr Tytler has sought to prove that he intended murder, by conspiring against the life of Cardinal Beaton. Having ventured on the elucidation of his history, I have investigated the charges brought against him, with care and, I trust, impartiality. The result will be found in these pages. Meanwhile I may summarise my deductions, and say that the martyr has, from the inquiry, come forth unstained. He did not claim prophetic powers; he preached with canonical sanction; he did not act as a priest or ordained clergyman; he taught the doctrine of the Atonement throughout his whole ministry; he did not conspire against Beaton, and if he knew of the conspiracy he condemned it.
St Procop of Bohemia: A Legend of the Eleventh Century
Authors: Wratislaw A. H.
Published: March 2007

The great Hussite movement at the commencement of the fifteenth century has never yet been satisfactorily accounted for. Even Palacky, writing under the strict and vexatious censorship of the press at Vienna, has been unable to display in their fulness the various forces which then acted in the same or in parallel directions, and produced that tremendous explosion which shook the Church of Rome to its foundations, and placed the four millions of Bohemian or Czeskish Slavonians for a time, both morally and intellectually, at the head of the nations of Europe. That movement was at once national, intellectual, literary, religious, and also historical; that is to say, one of the forces which tended to produce it was traditional, and arose from the fact that Bohemia was originally converted by Greek missionaries, possessed a Slavonic ritual of its own, and permitted the use of the chalice to the laity. Hence the surname of the ever-victorious, though eventually totally blind, leader of the Hussites, Ziska z Kalichu, “Ziska of the Chalice,” the chalice which was borne on the banners of the Hussite armies, and is even now the only ornament allowed in the simple Protestant chapels thinly scattered through the north of Bohemia.
An Outline History of the Hanseatic League, More Particularly in Its Bearings Upon English Commerce.
Authors: Walford Cornelius
Published: March 2007

In calling the attention of the fellows to some of the leading points in the history of one of the most remarkable confederations which the world has ever seen, and in endeavouring to arrange these into an harmonious and intelligent narrative, I feel that I owe no apology, except at least to the extent to which my labours may be found deficient or defective: for it is in the direction of such original inquiries as the present that our Society may perform its more useful offices. England played a most prominent part in the history of the Hanseatic League; but in this regard has found heretofore no historian, while Germany has several. Hence the present attempt, the results of which, gathered from many sources, are presented without further preface.
Narrative of the transference of the German Weimarian Army to the Crown of France in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Heywood James
Published: March 2007

During the varied events of the Thirty Years' War in the seventeenth century, a constant struggle for power in central Europe was maintained between the Emperor of Germany, whose seat of government was at Vienna, and the King of France.
John Foxe the Martyrologist and his Family
Authors: Winters William
Published: March 2007

From the commencement of the reign of Queen Elizabeth down to the middle of the last century, several members of the Foxe family, descendants of the great martyrologist, resided in the parish of Waltham Holy Cross. And it is asserted by several local writers that the justly celebrated John Foxe himself resided in this ancient town, where he uninterruptedly pursued his literary labours during the early part of the latter half of the sixteenth century. Tradition even points to the house in “Sun Street,” then called “East Street” in which he compiled the “Book of Martyrs.” Some have supposed that John Foxe visited the house of Mr. Cressey in the Romeland with Stephen Gardner and Henry the Eighth to consult about the king's divorce from Catherine of Arragon, but that is a mistake which the writer has pleasure in correcting. It was Dr. Edward Fox (afterwards Bishop of Hereford) that figured in that scene, and not the martyrologist.
The History of Landholding in Ireland
Authors: Fisher Joseph
Published: March 2007

In the paper which I read last year upon the History of Landholding in England, I described the principles which underlie the distribution of land among the aboriginal inhabitants, the primal occupiers of the soil. It is not necessary that I should now dwell at much length upon that portion of the subject. I would, however, refer to two authorities which have weight in relation to the allotment of lands.
The Early Intercourse of the Franks and Danes
Authors: Howorth Henry H.
Published: March 2007

Louis the DÉbonnaire was dead; he died on June 20, 840. The bitter strife among his sons had continued to the last. The anxious indiscretion of Judith, and her determination to reserve an ample inheritance for her son Charles, caused fresh heart-burnings, revolts, and disturbances almost annually. Louis was buried in the Basilica of Saint Arnulph, beyond the walls at Frankfort.