bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electric field-induced alignment of MWCNTs during the processing of PP/MWCNT composites: effects on electrical, dielectric, and rheological properties
Authors: Yang Zhitao , Tong Yizhang , Xu Wenhua , Yin Xiaochun , Zhang Guizhen , Qu Jinping
Published: May 2018

High-frequency electric field (HEF) was applied to prepare aligned carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced polypropylene (PP) matrix composites during the compression molding process in this article. The effects of the alignment of multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) in the PP matrix under HEF on the electrical, dielectric, and rheological properties of the resulting composites were reported. The results showed that the composites prepared in the presence of the electric field had better conductivity than those of the untreated composites. The dielectric property measurement indicates that MWCNTs aligning along the direction of the imposed electric field greatly improved the dielectric properties of composites. Rheological analysis showed that the storage modulus of the aligning direction samples is higher than the value of the untreated composites and the microstructure of the composite has been changed due to the effect of HEF.
Explaining Gender Differences in Socioeconomic and Political Objectives in the Middle East
Authors: Wu Fengyu , Nugent Jeffrey B.
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this article is identify and explain gender differences in eight important socioeconomic attitudes and political priorities among randomized samples of both males and females in 21 countries of the broadly defined Middle East. The attitudes and political priorities examined include the low status of women, lack of democracy, absence of a competitive private sector, income inequality and reliance on the military. In each case decomposition methods are used to divide these differences into those due to differences in the underlying characteristics of males and females and those due to differences in the effect of those characteristics
Public Budget Contributions to the European Rail Sector
Authors: Schäfer Jan Thomas , Götz Georg
Published: May 2018

This paper provides an analysis of the funding structure of the railways in eight European countries. It updates and expands the well-known database on public contributions to rail, which has initially been published by [NERA (2004) Study of the Financing of and Public Budget Contributions to Railways: A Final Report for European Commission, DG TREN. London: NERA National Economic Research Associates.]. The analysis shows that there are large differences concerning the focus of granted funds which can be explained by different policy objectives, differences in the level and degree of network access charges and different cost coverage ratios of public transport services. We identify a tendency towards two main financing models. In our data-set countries either focus their support payments on the operation of the infrastructure, which implies lower network charges and thus a lower amount of necessary Public Service Compensations, or they focus on the support of transport services with a higher degree of cost coverage of network charges and thus a lower amount of operating contributions paid to the infrastructure manager. The structure of funds, different approaches of infrastructure financing and differences in the treatment of historical debt are likely to have an influence on the performance of the investigated railway systems.
Adding steroids to lidocaine in a therapeutic injection regimen for patients with abdominal pain due to anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES): a single blinded randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mol Frédérique M.U. , Jansen Claire Heukelsfeldt , Boelens Oliver B. , Stronks Dirk L. , Eerten Percy Van , Huygen Frank J.P.M. , Scheltinga Marc R. , Roumen Rudi M.
Published: May 2018

Background and aims

Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) may result in chronic abdominal pain. Therapeutic options include local injection therapy. Data on the efficacy of adding corticosteroids to these injections is lacking.

Methods

Patients ≥18 years with ACNES were randomized to receive an injection of lidocaine with (LC-group) or without (LA-group) the addition of methylprednisolone into the point of maximal abdominal wall pain. Pain was recorded using a numeric rating scale (NRS: 0–10) and a verbal rating scale (VRS: 0=no pain, 5=unbearable pain) at baseline and 6 weeks after the start of a bi-weekly injection regimen consisting of a total of three injections. A minimal 50% reduction on NRS and/or two points on VRS were considered successful responses.

Results

Between February 2014 and August 2016, 136 patients (median age 46 year, range 18–79, 75% females) were randomized (68 vs. 68). The proportion of patients demonstrating a successful response after 6 weeks did not significantly differ between groups (LA 38%, LC 31%, p=0.61). At 12 weeks, the number of patients still experiencing a minimal 50% pain relief had decreased but no group difference was observed (LA 20%, LC 18%, p=0.80). Minor side effects included temporary increase of pain, tenderness at injection sites or transient malaise (LA23/68, LC 29/68, p=0.46).

Conclusions

Adding corticosteroids to a lidocaine does not increase the proportion of ACNES patients with a successful response to injection therapy. Lidocaine alone can provide long term pain relief after one or multiple injections, in approximately 1 of 5 patients.
Unsteady Flow of Couple Stress Fluid Sandwiched Between Newtonian Fluids Through a Channel
Authors: Devakar M. , Raje Ankush , Hande Shubham
Published: May 2018

The aim of this article is to study the unsteady flow of immiscible couple stress fluid sandwiched between Newtonian fluids through a horizontal channel. The fluids and plates are initially at rest. At an instant of time, a constant pressure gradient is applied along the horizontal direction to generate the flow. The time-dependent partial differential equations are solved numerically using the finite difference method. The continuity of velocities and shear stresses at the fluid-fluid interfaces has been considered. The obtained results are displayed through graphs and are discussed for various fluid parameters pertaining the flow. The volume flow rate is also obtained numerically for diverse fluid parameters and is presented through a table. It is noticed that fluid velocities increased with time and reached a steady state after a certain time level. Also, the presence of couple stresses reduced the fluid velocities. Volume flow rate increased with Reynolds number and is reduced by increase of ratio of viscosities.
A dinuclear molybdenum(VI) complex with a triaminoguanidine ligand: synthesis and structure of [Mo2O4(OH2)(DMF)(H
t
Bu6L)]·3DMF ([H6

t
Bu6L]Cl=tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-triaminoguanidinium chloride)
Authors: Wu Si-Meng , Chen Xin , Xin Zhifeng , Jia Ai-Quan , Zhang Qian-Feng
Published: May 2018

Interaction of (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O with tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)triaminoguanidinium chloride [H6

t
Bu6L]Cl in DMF-H2O resulted in isolation of a neutral dinuclear Mo(VI) complex [Mo2O4(OH2)(DMF)(H
t
Bu6L)]·3DMF. The C
3-symmetric-type ligand H
t
Bu6L is coordinated to two cis-{MoO2}2+ moieties via phenolic-oxygen, guanidine nitrogen and azomethine nitrogen atoms, and the remaining sixth coordination sites of the molybdenum centers are occupied by the oxygen atoms from the solvent molecules.
Extinction Coefficient of Plasmonic Nickel Sulfide Nanocrystals and Gold-Nickel Sulfide Core-Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Himstedt Rasmus , Hinrichs Dominik , Dorfs Dirk
Published: May 2018

In the presented work, the molar extinction coefficient of plasmonic heazlewoodite (Ni3S2) nanoparticles and Au-Ni3S2 core-shell nanoparticles is determined for the first time. The results are compared to analogously determined extinction coefficients of pure Au nanocrystals (NCs), which themselves correlate very well with existing literature on the subject. The measured extinction coefficients at the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) maximum wavelength of nickel sulfide particles are similar to the values of equally sized Au NCs. Therefore, considering the lower cost of the heazlewoodite material, it could be a reasonable alternative for optical applications of nanoparticles showing a LSPR in the visible regime of the electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, this study shows, that by growing a Ni3S2 shell onto a pure Au nanocrystal a highly tuneable optical material with variable LSPR frequency and molar extinction coefficient is obtained.
Critical Assessment of Infiltration Measurements for Soils with Varying Fine Content Using a Mini Disk Infiltrometer
Authors: Bordoloi Sanandam , Yamsani Sudheer Kumar , Garg Ankit , Sekharan Sreedeep
Published: May 2018

The mini disk infiltrometer (MDI) is used for measuring near-saturated infiltration rates (kh0) of soils. Because of its compact size, ease of use, and requirement for only a small volume of water, the MDI is handy for laboratory soil specimens (especially in column soil studies). In order to obtain representative infiltration characteristics of laboratory soil specimens, it is necessary to ensure negligible boundary effects on the three-dimensional wetting front propagation beneath the MDI. However, there is no existing study that suggests suitable column dimensions that would be devoid of kh0 variability because of boundary effects. Moreover, the current approaches in estimating the kh0 do not adopt measured van Genuchten (vG) soil parameters and rely on empirical vG values. Based on experiments carried out on ten different soils (with varying fine fractions), the current study explores the possible variability in determining a suitable soil specimen diameter to perform an MDI test with no boundary effects. This study is based on 123 infiltrometer experiments conducted on the selected soils and recommends using soil specimen diameters greater than 3.5 times the MDI base diameter for alleviating boundary effects. A power relationship is drawn between kh0, measured using the MDI, and the fine fractions of soils (percentage finer than 75 microns). The reliability of the current approach in estimating kh0 using the MDI was evaluated using measured vG parameters.
New Religious Movements before Modernity?
Authors: Pietsch Andreas , Steckel Sita
Published: May 2018

Can the study of new religious movements be extended historically towards a longue durée history of religious innovation? Several sociological theories suggest that fundamental differences between premodern and modern religious configurations preclude this, pointing to a lack of religious diversity and freedom of religion in premodern centuries. Written from a historical perspective, this article questions this view and suggests historical religious movements within Christianity as possible material for a long-term perspective. Using the Franciscans and the Family of Love as examples, it points out possible themes for productive interdisciplinary research. One suggestion is to study the criticisms surrounding premodern new religious movements, which might be used to analyze the historical differentiation of religion. Another avenue is the study of premodern terminologies and concepts for religious communities, which could provide a historical horizon for the ongoing debate about the typology of new religions.
Increasing Religious Diversity
Authors: Wolfart Johannes C.
Published: May 2018

This article argues for critical reflection on diachronic and quantitative claims about increasing religious diversity. Influential scholars in several national academies have asserted there is “increasing religious diversity” in various locales. Many also make specific claims about religious diversity in the past to enable comparative claims about religious diversity in the present or even in the future. Yet, such claims are flawed methodologically (though less flawed alternatives are available). Moreover, neither the professional ethos of curatorial caution nor the pluralist politics commonly accompanying such scholarship are well served by this approach. Since the study of new or emergent religions also entails central historical conceits—for example, in debates over the proper meaning of “new” or over precise relations to “modernity”—this article offers a comparative perspective to conclude that scholars working in the fields of new religions studies and religious diversity studies should be more aware of the basic historical frameworks into which they place their multidisciplinary practices, practices that could be enriched and strengthened by further dialogue with historians.
Sanksi Pidana Akibat Pembunuhan Terhadap Istri Di Pengadilan Negeri Kelas I A Padang
Authors: Elda Tresia
Published: May 2018

Abstract:Criminal act of murder that occurred in the household has special properties and special sanction. The specialty of this action lies in the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim. In cases of criminal acts other actors sometimes do not know the victim at all and often do not have a relationship. But the crime of murder in the household perpetrators and victims have a special relationship that is related by blood (parent, child, nephew), for example working relationship bonding housemaid and living in a house with actors and marital relationships (husband and wife). Final recent criminal acts of domestic homicide in the city of Padang increased especially that caused the death of the victim conducted by the husband that caused by some factors such us economy and other factors.Keywords: Murder, Victim and Household. Abstrak:Tindak pidana pembunuhan yang terjadi di dalam rumah tangga memiliki sifat khusus dan sanksi khusus. Kekhususan tersebut terletak pada hubungan antara pelaku dan korban. Dalam kasus tindak pidana yang tidak ada hubungan suami isteri terkadang tidak mengenal korban sama sekali. Namun tindak pidana pembunuhan dalam rumah tangga, pelaku dan korban memiliki hubungan khusus atau hubungan darah (orang tua, anak, keponakan) atau bisa juga ikatan kerja sebagai pembantu rumah tangga dan hubungan perkawinan (suami istri). Dalam beberapa waktu terakhir, kasus pembunuhan dalam rumah tangga mengalami peningkatan secara jumlah di kota Padang yang dilakukan oleh suami yang disebabkan beberapa faktor seperti faktor ekonomi dan lainnya.Kata Kunci: Pembunuhan, Korban dan Rumah Tangga.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Jemaah Umrah
Authors: Siradj Mustolih
Published: May 2018

In recent years, the news about Umrah is adorned with the phenomenon of howchaotic the Umrah system, fraud, pilgrims abandoned by the organizers in Indonesia,transit country or Saudi Arabia, lodging facilities, consumption, and tariff war betweentravel that are very unfair competition. In this situation, the pilgrims are the mostdisadvantaged people. The knowledge of the rights of Umrah pilgrims today is still lowconcern wich is very easy to be the object of exploitation of the organizers who onlyprioritize profit (profit oriented). Umrah is an important duty for Muslims because they arethe majority of the population in Indonesia. Because of the importance of pilgrims asconsumers, Umrah is given protection professionally and proportionally. DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v3i3.7859
Sikap Perilaku Keseharian Masyarakat dan Lingkungan Keluarga Sebagai Cermin Keberhasilan Citizenship Education
Authors: Juliati Juliati , Firman Muhammad
Published: May 2018

In globalization era today we as world member can feel the spread of science andtechnology advance in which one country with another country will know each otherstrength and weakness through evaluation of its various technology and communicationwhich influence people in various countries. From year to year there are many people whoare increasingly go to jail. Whereas the failure and success of citizen education can be seenfrom daily attitude and behavior of community and their family environment. So, it is notsurprising that there are more and more prisoners from year to year. This indicate thatmany citizens who are involved in infringement which result in criminality. The solutionis that citizen education material should be prepared to suit with situation from influenceof science and technology advance, in addition the government should control communityand their family environment to be better (good citizenship). The material and the wayteacher teach (method, media and model) should be arranged. As suggested by William T.Callahan (1990: 338) that good citizenship was not born, but is in interpersonal, intellectualabilities which are needed and should be learned seriously, then applied to community andtheir family environment as citizen of people in various countries. DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v3i3.7865
Pola Perlindungan Anak di Negara Muslim
Authors: Juwanti Resti Hedi
Published: May 2018

Abstract.Maintenance of child welfare cannot be carried out by the child itself, because in essence children cannot protect themselves from various types of actions that cause mental, physical, social harm in various fields of life and livelihood.So that opportunities, maintenance and efforts to eliminate these obstacles will only can be done and obtained if the child welfare effort is guaranteed. Therefore, children must be helped by others in protecting themselves. Thus, the author would like to discuss more about the concept of child protection in Indonesia, Malaysia, Egypt and Qatar, and the position of the Convention on the Rights of the Child for the legislation of the State. The research method that the author is doing is qualitative research with a normative approach and comparative methods of law. The data collection techniques were carried out with a literature review sourced from the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Child Protection Act in Indonesia, Malaysia, Egypt and Qatar.Keywords: Convention on the Rights of the Child, Protection of the Rights of the Child, Muslim Countries Abstrak.Pemeliharaan kesejahteraan anak belum dapat dilaksanakan oleh anak itu sendiri, karena pada hakikatnya anak tidak dapat melindungi diri sendiri dari berbagai macam tindak yang menimbulkan kerugian mental, fisik, sosial dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan dan penghidupan, sehingga kesempatan, pemeliharaan dan usaha menghilangkan rintangan tersebut hanya akan dapat dilakukan dan diperoleh bilamana usaha kesejahteraan anak terjamin. Oleh karena itu, anak harus dibantu oleh orang lain dalam melindungi dirinya. Dengan demikian, penulis ingin membahas lebih lanjut tentang konsep perlindungan anak di Negara Indonesia, Malaysia, Mesir dan Qatar,serta kedudukan Konvensi Hak Anak bagi perundang-undangan Negara tersebut. Metode penelitian yang penulis lakukan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif serta metode perbandingan hukum. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kajian kepustakaan yang bersumber dari Konvensi Hak Anak dan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak di Negara Indonesia Malaysia, Mesir dan Qatar.Kata Kunci: Konvensi Hak Anak, Perlindungan Hak Anak, Negara Muslim
Kasus Pelecehan Seksual Dalam Transportasi Umum Menurut Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat
Authors: Ramdhani Iqbal
Published: May 2018

Abstract.The act of sexual harassment is not strange anymore and it has happened everywhere, in offices, supermarkets, tourist attractions, malls, and public transportation. Ironically, victims of sexual abuse are not only normal women, but also women with disabilities. Cases of sexual abuse in this case have been tried in the Central Jakarta District Court. Decision of the Central Jakarta District Court No. 753 / PID.B / 2014 / PN.JKT.PST. The Panel of Judges stated and determined that the defendant had been proven and convincingly guilty of committing a criminal offense set out in article 290 of the first Criminal Code in conjunction with article 55 paragraph (1) of the first Criminal Code. Then the judge sentenced him to 1 (one) year and 6 (six) months imprisonment.Keywords: Sexual Harassment, Public Transportation, Jakarta Courts Abstrak: Tindakan pelecehan seksual sudah tidak aneh lagi dan sudah banyak terjadi dimana-mana, di kantor, supermarket, tempat wisata, mall, dan angkutan umum. Ironisnya korban pelecehan seksual itu tidak hanya perempuan normal, akan tetapi juga perempuan penyandang cacat. Kasus pelecehan seksual dalam hal ini sudah pernah diadili di Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat. Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat No. 753/PID.B/2014/PN.JKT.PST. Majelis Hakim menyatakan dan menetapkan bahwa terdakwa telah terbukti dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana yang diatur dalam pasal 290 ke-1 KUHP jo pasal 55 ayat (1) ke-1 KUHP. Maka hakim menjatuhkan hukuman pidana penjara 1 (satu) tahun dan 6 (enam) bulan.Kata Kunci: Pelecehan Seksual, Transportasi Umum, Pengadilan Jakarta
Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Pemidanaan Anak Pelaku Pemerkosaan Dalam Hukum Positif
Authors: Nasution Faisal Nawi
Published: May 2018

Pemidanaan anak di Indonesia dalampenerapan hukum pidana materiil terhadap pelaku tindak pidana pemerkosaan yangdilakukan oleh anak dengan pertimbangan hukum. Hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidanapada putusan nomor: 7/Pid.Sus-Anak/2016/PN.Crp diatur dalam Pasal 81 Ayat (1)Undang-Undang RI No 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang No. 23Tahun 2002 Jo Pasal 76. D Undang-Undang R.I No 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang PerubahanAtas Undang-Undang R.I No 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak, dan Pasal 80Ayat (3) Undang-Undang RI No 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2002 Jo Pasal 76. C Undang-Undang R.I No 35 Tahun 2014Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang R.I No 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang PerlindunganAnak. Yang mengatur tentang anak cukup banyak dan luas sifatnya, dalam syariat Islampun juga begitu sehingga dapat mencerminkan sebagai satu sistem hukum tentangperlindungan anak. DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v4i2.7872
Predictors of Oophorectomy in Girls Hospitalized in Texas With Ovarian Torsion
Authors: Pathak Indu S. , Jurak Jade , Mulla Zuber D. , Kupesic Plavsic Sanja
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVES:

Inconsistent results have been reported by authors of studies of the management of pediatric patients with ovarian torsion (OT). Our objective was to identify predictors of oophorectomy in girls hospitalized throughout Texas with OT.

METHODS:

The Texas Public Use Data File (years 2013–2014) was queried for the records of girls under the age of 18 years who had a principal or secondary discharge diagnosis of OT (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 620.5). Adjusted odds ratios were estimated from a logistic regression model by using Firth’s bias-reducing penalized likelihood. Variables for inclusion in the final model were identified by using a directed acyclic graph.

RESULTS:

A sample of 158 girls was identified with an overall risk of oophorectomy during the hospital stay of 41.1% (65 out of 158). After adjusting for the patient’s age, health insurance status, and the presence of an ovarian cyst, girls who were treated at a nonteaching hospital were more than twice as likely to undergo oophorectomy than girls who were treated at a teaching hospital (odds ratio = 2.22; 95% confidence interval: 1.05–4.69).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our analysis of a statewide database revealed that girls with OT who presented at nonteaching hospitals were significantly more likely to undergo oophorectomy compared with girls who presented at teaching hospitals.
Decreasing the Time to Insulin Administration for Hospitalized Patients With Cystic Fibrosis–Related Diabetes
Authors: Smego Allison , Lawson Sarah , Courter Joshua D. , Warden Deborah , Corathers Sarah
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVES:

Children with cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD) represent a commonly hospitalized pediatric population whose members require insulin for blood glucose (BG) control. The aim of this quality improvement initiative was to increase the proportion of hospitalized patients with CFRD receiving insulin within 30 minutes of a BG check while decreasing severe hypo- and hyperglycemia episodes.

METHODS:

Quality improvement methodology (gathering a team of stakeholders, identifying metrics, implementing iterative plan-do-study-act cycles and analysis of data over time) was applied in the setting of a cystic fibrosis unit in a tertiary care children’s hospital. The percentage of patients with CFRD who received rapid-acting insulin within 30 minutes of a BG check and the rates of hypoglycemia (BG <70 mg/dL) and hyperglycemia (BG >200 mg/dL) were measured. Improvement interventions were focused on efficient communication among patients, nurses and providers; refining carbohydrate calculation; and sharing expectations with patients and caregivers.

RESULTS:

The proportion of rapid-acting insulin doses given within 30 minutes increased from a baseline mean 40% to a sustained mean of 78%. During active improvement interventions, success rates of 100% were achieved. Hyperglycemic events (BG >200 mg/dL) decreased from 125 events to 85 events per 100 rapid-acting insulin days. Hypoglycemic events (BG <70 mg/dL) remained low at <5 events per 100 rapid-acting insulin days.

CONCLUSIONS:

Systematic implementation of low-cost interventions successfully resulted in measurable improvement in timely rapid-acting insulin administration for hospitalized patients with CFRD and lower rates of severe hypo- and hyperglycemia on the unit. Future efforts will be directed to increase the reliability of interventions to maintain optimal performance and outcomes.
Long-term Mortality After Acute Kidney Injury in the Pediatric ICU
Authors: Hessey Erin , Morissette Geneviève , Lacroix Jacques , Perreault Sylvie , Samuel Susan , Dorais Marc , Jouvet Philippe , Lafrance Jean-Philippe , LeLorier Jacques , Phan Véronique , Palijan Ana , Pizzi Michael , Roy Louise , Zappitelli Michael
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVES:

(1) To evaluate the association between acute kidney injury (AKI) in the PICU and long-term mortality and (2) to determine the extent to which adding the urine output (UO)–defined AKI alters the association.

METHODS:

A 2-center retrospective cohort study of children (≤18 years old) admitted to the PICU between 2003 and 2005 for noncardiac surgery, with follow-up until 2010. Patients with end stage renal disease, no provincial health insurance number, who died during hospitalization, or could not be linked to administrative data were excluded. One hospitalization per patient was included. AKI was defined by using serum creatinine criteria and/or UO criteria. Mortality was ascertained by using administrative data. Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between AKI and long-term mortality.

RESULTS:

The study population included 2041 patients (55.7% male, mean admission age 6.5 ± 5.8 years). Of 2041 hospital survivors, 9 (0.4%) died within 30 days, 51 (2.5%) died within 1 year, and 118 (5.8%) died within 5 to 7 years postdischarge. AKI was independently associated with 5- to 7-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 3.10 [1.46–6.57] and 3.38 [1.63–7.02], respectively). Including UO did not strengthen the association.

CONCLUSIONS:

AKI is associated with 5- to 7-year mortality. Because this is an observational study we cannot determine if AKI is causative of mortality or of the pathophysiology. However, patients with AKI represent a high-risk group. It is reasonable that these patients be considered for targeted follow-up until future researchers better elucidate these relationships,
Beyond “Asian”: Specific East and Southeast Asian Races or Ethnicities Associated With Jaundice Readmission
Authors: Bentz Michael G. , Carmona Nancy , Bhagwat Manavi M. , Thimmig Lindsay M. , Saleh Jamal , Eke Uchechukwu , Kokroko Jolene , Dadasovich Rand , Rice Brooke , Cabana Michael D.
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVES:

Clinical practice guidelines have recognized “Asian” and “East Asian” as risk factors for newborn jaundice and readmission. We sought to identify more detailed and specific, parent-identified races or ethnicities associated with jaundice readmission.

METHODS:

We conducted a case control study of 653 newborn infants born (2014–2016) at a West-Coast, urban hospital to examine specific parent-described races or ethnicities that are associated with newborn hospital readmissions for hyperbilirubinemia. Parent-reported race or ethnicity was abstracted from the California Newborn Screening Test.

RESULTS:

Our sample included 105 infants readmitted for jaundice (cases) and 548 infants as controls. In the full cohort, 66 infants (10.1%) were Coombs positive, 39 infants (6.0%) were born before 37 weeks’ gestational age, and 405 infants (62.0%) were born to first-time mothers. The parents described the 653 infants using 45 unique races and ethnicities. In a multivariable model that controlled for Coombs positivity, gestational age <37 weeks, and primiparity, infants described as “Far East Asian” (odds ratio [OR] = 3.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.94–5.18) or “Southeast Asian” (OR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.66–6.08) had increased risk for jaundice readmission. Infants described as Southeast Asian (eg, Laotian, Cambodian, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Filipino) and Far East Asian (eg, Chinese, Korean, Taiwanese, Japanese, and Mongolian) had an increased risk of readmission. Finally, we did not find an association between South Asian (OR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.33–1.92) race or ethnicity and risk of jaundice readmission.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study, we help clarify and move beyond the term “Asian” as a risk factor for readmission due to hyperbilirubinemia.
Corneal Opacities in the Neonate
Authors: Khitri Monica R.
Published: May 2018

A congenital corneal opacity is a rare occurrence but can cause significant visual compromise to the affected infant. Corneal opacities can arise from infectious, metabolic, genetic, developmental, and idiopathic causes. Early diagnosis is imperative so that an appropriate treatment plan can be initiated as soon as possible to obtain the best visual potential. An early diagnosis can facilitate the recognition of an underlying systemic disorder that may also be affecting the infant. Management strategies include amblyopia treatments, refractive error correction, and surgery. Despite aggressive treatment, visual potential may still be limited in many cases.
Videolaryngoscopy for Intubation Training
Authors: West Alisha N. , Mukdad Laith , Vahabzadeh-Hagh Andrew M.
Published: May 2018

Intubation in the neonate can present unique challenges to an inexperienced clinician. The videolaryngoscope provides more easy visualization of the airway, as well as more reliable access to the airway. Since its inception, the videolaryngoscope has been modified from its original adult design for use in the pediatric patient population. Following its production, one of its main uses has been in the training of inexperienced operators, gaining widespread use in training hospitals. Before its introduction, instructors at these institutions relied solely on feedback from the trainee during intubation, rather than visual confirmation. Use of the videolaryngoscope to instruct trainees on the technique of intubation improves feedback given to the trainee as well as the first-attempt success rates, while lowering esophageal intubation rates. The available literature suggests that the use of videolaryngoscopy improves visualization of the glottis while sacrificing time to pass the endotracheal tube. Both methods (direct and videolaryngoscopy) proved to have similar times for intubation as well as intubation success rates for experienced practitioners. In the neonatal and pediatric populations specifically, another crucial use of videolaryngoscopy is its superiority in treating patients with a difficult airway. It enhances the operator’s ability to visualize the glottis in cases with no direct line of sight to the glottis.
Preventive Behavioral Health Programs in Primary Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Brown Courtney M. , Raglin Bignall Whitney J. , Ammerman Robert T.
Published: May 2018

CONTEXT:

Early childhood is a critical period for socioemotional development. Primary care is a promising setting for behavioral health programs.

OBJECTIVES:

To identify gaps in the literature on effectiveness and readiness for scale-up of behavioral health programs in primary care.

DATA SOURCES:

PubMed, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews, and Scopus databases were searched for articles published in English in the past 15 years. Search terms included terms to describe intervention content, setting, target population, and names of specific programs known to fit inclusion criteria.

STUDY SELECTION:

Inclusion criteria were: (1) enrolled children 0 to 5 years old, (2) primary care setting, (3) measured parenting or child behavior outcomes, and (4) clinical trial, quasi-experimental trial, pilot study, or pre-post design.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Data were abstracted from 44 studies. The rigor of individual studies and evidence base as a whole were compared with the Society of Prevention Research’s standards for efficacy, effectiveness, and scale-up research.

RESULTS:

Gaps in the literature include: study findings do not always support hypotheses about interventions’ mechanisms, trust in primary care as a mediator has not been sufficiently studied, it is unclear to which target populations study findings can be applied, parent participation remains an important challenge, and the long-term impact requires further evaluation.

LIMITATIONS:

Potential limitations include publication bias, selective reporting within studies, and an incomplete search.

CONCLUSIONS:

Targeting gaps in the literature could enhance understanding of the efficacy, effectiveness, and readiness for scale-up of these programs.
The Biomarker S100B and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Oris Charlotte , Pereira Bruno , Durif Julie , Simon-Pimmel Jeanne , Castellani Christoph , Manzano Sergio , Sapin Vincent , Bouvier Damien
Published: May 2018

CONTEXT:

The usefulness of S100B has been noted as a biomarker in the management of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in adults. However, S100B efficacy as a biomarker in children has previously been relatively unclear.

OBJECTIVE:

A meta-analysis is conducted to assess the prognostic value of S100B in predicting intracerebral lesions in children after mTBI.

DATA SOURCES:

Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar.

STUDY SELECTION:

Studies including children suffering mTBI who underwent S100B measurement and computed tomography (CT) scans were included.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Of 1030 articles screened, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria.

RESULTS:

The overall pooled sensitivity and specificity were 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 98%–100%) and 34% (95% CI: 30%–38%), respectively. A second analysis was based on the collection of 373 individual data points from 4 studies. Sensitivity and specificity results, obtained from reference ranges in children with a sampling time <3 hours posttrauma, were 97% (95% CI: 84.2%–99.9%) and 37.5% (95% CI: 28.8%–46.8%), respectively. Only 1 child had a low S100B level and a positive CT scan result without clinically important traumatic brain injury.

LIMITATIONS:

Only patients undergoing both a CT scan and S100B testing were selected for evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS:

S100B serum analysis as a part of the clinical routine could significantly reduce the number of CT scans performed on children with mTBI. Sampling should take place within 3 hours of trauma. Cutoff levels should be based on pediatric reference ranges.
Exploring the role of interactional metadiscourse in the attainment of persuasion
Authors: Khabbazi-Oskouei Leila
Published: May 2018

Starting from the assumption that there may be intercultural variations in the use of rhetorical devices in different cultures, this study focuses on ‘interactional metadiscourse’ in British and Iranian argumentation. This is achieved by using the author's model for analysing these metadiscursive devices. To this purpose, a corpus of 32 British and Iranian newsmagazine editorials has been collected, with a view to analysing how British and Iranian editorialists use similar or different means of persuasion. The findings suggest that these markers can be found in both sub-corpora but that there are variations as to their distribution and composition. The findings of the contrastive analysis are presented and discussed in the light of the political and cultural settings of the two sets of data.
The influence of prosody on politicians’ credibility
Authors: Rodero Emma , Mas Lluís , Blanco María
Published: May 2018

Prosody is an important feature in communication, and the way a speaker uses the various elements of prosody in public speaking may affect listeners’ perceptions and thus the speaker's credibility. This paper explores this topic in relation to speeches made in English by three politicians representing their countries’ 2020 Olympic bids at the 125th IOC (International Olympic Committee) Session in Argentina in September 2013. Of these, the speech given by the Mayor of Madrid, Ana Botella, received widespread critical attention due her style of delivery. As such, it illustrates the importance of prosody in public speaking. However, how prosody affects credibility remains unclear. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of prosody on listeners’ perceptions of politicians’ credibility. We conducted prosody analysis and rhetorical analysis on the three-minute speeches given by the different candidates at the IOC Session. We also conducted a credibility test to assess the relationship between prosody and credibility. The results confirm that prosody influences speakers’ credibility, with the most credible and the best speaker being the politician who used the highest loudness, a moderate pitch level with a wide pitch range, and a faster speech rate with enough pauses of sufficient length. The study also showed that the less influential the prosody parameters were, the more credible the speaker was perceived to be.
The use of 'Precision Teaching' in enhancing medical students’ dermatological diagnostic skills
Authors: McGrath Conor , McCourt Collette , Corry Andrea , Dounavi Katerina , Dillenburger Karola , Gormley Gerard
Published: May 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. BackgroundEducators have been challenged to provide more effective dermatology teaching methods. Drawing from the discipline of Applied Behaviour Analysis, Precision Training (PT) (e.g. using flashcards during timed learning sessions) can promote fluency i.e. accuracy and speed in a particular skill. We aimed to determine the impact of PT on medical students' dermatology diagnostic skills.MethodsA between-groups controlled interventional study was conducted. Third year medical students were allocated to an intervention (PT + traditional teaching) or control (traditional teaching) group. For the PT group, we designed 50 dermatological image flashcards. Flashcard practice (using the Say All Fast Minute Each Day Shuffle method) took place 2-3 times/day and students' data on accuracy recorded over 5 days. Pre / post-training tests were carried out to determine the impact of PT on students' diagnostic skills.ResultsIn total, 70 students (intervention group) / 65 (control group). Analysis of covariance was used to calculate the change score (comparing pre- and post-test). A statistically significant improvement of 8.8% (95% CIs; 4.9-12.7, p<0.001) was detected in the intervention group.ConclusionsThe findings of this study demonstrated a positive effect of PT on medical students' dermatology diagnostic skills. This study signals new pedagogical opportunities for PT in undergraduate dermatology teaching.
Visualizing Embodied Research: Dance Dramaturgy and Animated Infographic Films
Authors: Jürgens Stephan , Fernandes Carla
Published: May 2018

This video essay introduces a new form of visualization of embodied research, called “animated infographic films.” In these films, techniques like motion graphics, 3D modeling and camera animation are used to invite the viewer to enter the choreographer’s studio. Here we invite you to come into the digitally re-created studio of João Fiadeiro and engage kinesthetically and empathetically with selected examples of his compositional and dramaturgical strategies. These infographic films are based on the results of a study on three signature solo works from different stages of Fiadeiro’s choreographic work. The research has been carried out within the framework of the BlackBox Arts and Cognition Project.
A comparative analysis between ring annuloplasty and de vega annuloplasty in functional tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Bhagwan Jai , Guha Soumya , Gupta Anubhav , Padhy Ajit Kumar , Grover Vijay , Gupta Vijay Kumar
Published: May 2018

Background: Tricuspid valve disease frequently accompanies left side valve disease. Surgical correction of significant functional TR at the time of left side valve surgery is recommended. The current study was under taken to assess the early impact of ring annuloplasty and De Vega annuloplasty techniques in functional significant TR in a predominantly rheumatic population.Methods: Between January 2010 and January 2014, a total 80 patients underwent surgery for functional tricuspid valve disease. Retrospective data analysis was done. The patient selection criteria were as per the institutional protocol (for all functional severe TR and moderate TR with Tricuspid Index > 21mm/m2) based on preoperative TTE (Trans-thoracic Echocardiography) findings and the type of procedure was the surgeon’s decision on table. Techniques routinely involved in the repair procedures included tricuspid prosthetic ring Annuloplasty (MC3) and De Vega suture annuloplasty. Postoperatively all the patient had routine TTE before hospital discharge (considered as immediate post op period). Follow up was present till 6 months post-operatively (in the form of another TTE and clinical data sheet) at the time of data collection for this study. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in residual significant TR when ring annuloplasty was compared to De Vega repair. There was significant improvement in NYHA status after both ring and De Vega annuloplasty.  Conclusions: Present study shows similar results with both the techniques of TV repair when applied to functionally significant TR in a pre-dominantly rheumatic population.
Hyperbilirubinemia as a diagnostic marker for acute appendicitis
Authors: Ambre Sagar Ramesh , Chavan Shahaji
Published: May 2018

Background: Appendicitis is one of the commonest cause of abdominal pain requiring emergency surgery. Different clinical signs and symptoms always mimic the diagnosis of acute appendicitis with number of causes leading to pain in right iliac fossa, especially in females. Accurate diagnosis can be aided by additional tests. A delay in diagnosis can lead to appendiceal perforation with increased morbidity, and an appendectomy as soon as the condition is suspected, may increase the number of unnecessary appendicectomies. Objective of present study was to evaluate the role of hyperbilirubinemia as a diagnostic marker for Acute Appendicitis.Methods: This is a prospective study of 100 patients carried out at Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune from May 2015 to September 2017. Patients presenting to surgical OPD with pain in Right iliac fossa will be evaluated. Those with a clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis will be included in the study.Results: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common emergencies and appendicectomy is one of the most frequently done abdominal operations. Clinical diagnosis using time tested clinical signs is effective in diagnosing appendicitis. However, bilirubin supports diagnosis and hence avoids chances of error in diagnosis. The investigation Bilirubin alone is not sufficient to accurately diagnose acute appendicitis, however the clinical findings, ALVARADO SCORE when combined can predict appendicitis. There is significant difference in total bilirubin in acute and probable cases of appendicitis but it can be used to differentiate both of them. In present study Mean bilirubin for acute appendicitis was 1.23mg/dl and probable cases of appendicitis was 0.84mg/dl, with SD for acute appendicitis was 0.598 and probable cases of appendicitis was 0.486. In our study bilirubin provide the highest diagnostic accuracy for acute appendicitis case. Normal inflammatory markers cannot exclude appendicitis, which remains a clinical diagnosis. The presence of history of pain and or signs of peritoneal inflammation which help you in diagnosing acute appendicitis.Conclusions: Hyperbilirubinemia can be a diagnostic marker for acute appendicitis.
Clinical predictors of hypoxemia in children with WHO classified pneumonia
Authors: Kushwah Meenakshi S. , Verma Yogendra S. , Gaur Ajay
Published: May 2018

Background: In developing countries were health providers have to rely on signs and symptoms to identify hypoxemia in pneumonia and start oxygen therapy, this study was therefore conducted to assess the prevalence and predictors of hypoxemia with the hypothesis to design a severity score for hypoxemia in children with pneumonia.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out at the paediatric emergency department of Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, on children of age 1-60 months admitted with respiratory illness categorised on basis of “Revised WHO Classification of Pneumonia”. Various demographic and clinical features were noted. Oxygen saturation was measured via a pulse oximeter. Hypoxemia was deﬁned as SpO2 <90%. Statistical analysis was done.Results: Of the 200 children studied, 67 (33.5%) had hypoxemia. Fever, breathing difficulty, and crepitations were the most sensitive, while inability to feed, cyanosis, grunting, head nodding and impaired consciousness were the most speciﬁc indicators for hypoxemia. Fever, lethargy, inability to feed, nasal flaring, grunting, impaired consciousness and cyanosis were found significant (p value<0.05). Combinations of tachypnea with nasal flaring, grunting, cyanosis, and retractions with grunting were also found significant in predicting hypoxemia. Combinations of tachypnea with grunting (90.2%) and cyanosis (94.7%) were found highly specific.  Using these combinations, a new hypoxemia scoring system was designed to predict the severity of hypoxemia.Conclusions: Study suggested that combination of clinical signs may be utilized as markers for hypoxemia in conditions where pulse-oximeter is not available.