bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevención, detección y manejo de la resistencia a herbicidas
Authors: Alcántara-de la Cruz Ricardo
Published: November 2022

Introducción. El uso continuo de herbicidas, frecuentemente con múltiples aplicaciones durante el mismo ciclo agrícola, provoca el surgimiento de biotipos/poblaciones de malezas resistentes. La resistencia es la capacidad hereditaria de algunos individuos para crecer y reproducirse sexualmente después del tratamiento de un herbicida a dosis de campo letal para los individuos susceptibles de la población (WSSA, 1998). Objetivos. Entender qué es la resistencia a herbicidas, cuáles son los tipos mecanismos que la confieren y la importancia de su caracterización sirven para implementar estrategias de manejo asertivas tanto de prevención como de manejo de la resistencia. Métodos. Los mecanismos que confieren resistencia pueden ser relacionados con el sitio de acción (mutaciones o sobreexpresión del gen que codifica la enzima-objetivo del herbicida) o no relacionados con el sitio de acción (reducida absorción y traslocación, metabolismo, exudación radicular, exclusión celular del herbicida, muerte celular rápida) (Gaines et al., 2020), los cuales son caracterizados por técnicas de biología molecular, pruebas in vivo usando plantas completas, ensayos enzimáticos in vitro, radiológicas ( 14 C), plataformas analíticas (HPLC, LC-MS/MS, GC-MS) entre otras (Dayan et al., 2015; Déyle et al., 2015; Nandula y Vencill, 2015). Resultados y discusión. La identificación de biotipos de malezas resistentes en campo no debe estar relacionado a un mal uso de herbicidas y sí a su falta de eficacia en especies  que previamente eran controladas. Conocer el tipo de mecanismos que confieren resistencia a herbicidas en una población de malezas es fundamental para desarrollar estrategias de manejo adecuadas (Beckie and Harker, 2017). Los mecanismos del sitio de acción son gobernados por un solo gen (resistencia monogénica); por lo tanto, una rotación de herbicidas con modo de acción diferente podría ser suficiente para controlar la resistencia. Sin embargo, los mecanismos no relacionados con el sitio de acción son gobernados por múltiples genes (resistencia poligénica) y cada gen contribuye con cierto nivel de resistencia. Además, estos genes también pueden conferir resistencia múltiple a herbicidas con diferentes mecanismos de acción que no fueron previamente utilizados en el área; por lo tanto, además de rotación de herbicidas, se requieren de estrategias de manejo de la resistencia no químicas. Conclusión. Distinguir poblaciones resistentes (identificar el problema) oportunamente a través de prospecciones de campo, pero principalmente, caracterizar los mecanismos de resistencia (diagnosticar la causa) es esencial para elaborar y ejecutar programas de manejo de resistencia eficientes para evitar el aumento de los niveles de resistencia, así como de la selección de resistencia cruzada o múltiple.
Gospostvo Negova, kot ga slikajo arhivski viri
Authors: Horvat Mojca
Published: November 2022

Monografija na inovativen način ponuja pregled vsebin, ki jih najdemo v ohranjenem arhivskem gradivu fonda Gospoščina Negova, s pomočjo strokovne literature pa jih tudi skuša čim boljše pojasniti.
Một số yếu tố liên quan đến chất lượng cuộc sống của người bệnh suy tim mạn tại Khoa Nội tim mạch Bệnh viện Đa khoa tỉnh Nam Định năm 2022
Authors: Trần Thị Hải Lý , Ngô Huy Hoàng , Đỗ Thị Thùy Dung
Published: November 2022

Mục tiêu: Xác định một số yếu tố liên quan đến chất lượng cuộc sống của người bệnh suy tim mạn tại Khoa Nội tim mạch Bệnh viện Đa khoa tỉnh Nam Định năm 2022.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện trên 89 người bệnh suy tim mạn điều trị nội trú tại khoa Nội Tim mạch – Bệnh viện Đa khoa tỉnh Nam Định. Sử dụng bộ công cụ đo lường chất lượng cuộc sống của người bệnh suy tim Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire để thu thập số liệu từ tháng 02 đến tháng 05 năm 2022.
Kết quả: Đa số người bệnh có chất lượng cuộc sống mức độ thấp 89,9% . Người bệnh nữ có chất lượng cuộc sống tổng thể, thể chất và tinh thần kém hơn người bệnh nam; nhóm người bệnh suy tim độ I, II có chất lượng cuộc sống cao hơn người bệnh suy tim độ III, IV, nhóm người bệnh có biểu hiện trầm cảm nhẹ có chất lượng cuộc sống cao hơn so với người bệnh có biểu hiện trầm cảm vừa và nặng, người bệnh nhận được hỗ trợ xã hội cao có chất lượng cuộc sống cao hơn so với hai nhóm người bệnh còn lại.
Kết luận: Các yếu tố có liên quan đến chất lượng cuộc sống của người bệnh suy tim trong phạm vi nghiên cứu bao gồm giới tính, phân độ suy tim, mức độ biểu hiện trầm cảm và mức độ hỗ trợ xã hội.
NUGTIN MOZAHOS: NUGGET IKAN PATIN AN ALTERNATIVE FOR THOSE WHO DISLIKES FISH IN SUCH A ENJOYABLE WAY AND HEALTHY
Authors: Nevriansyah Eko , Septama Aldi , Ruzlan Syahputra Muhammad , Wulandari Melia , Yuliani  , Asnur Lise , Mey Harmi Siregar Fitrah , Siregar Jumasari
Published: November 2022

Indonesia is rich in natural resources. One of them is Pangasius, also known as “Ikan Patin” in Indonesia, a freshwater fish. Ikan Patin has a high potential for cultivation in Indonesia. In 2011, the amount of Ikan Patin production was 227.267 tons, contributing 16.11 percent to global Ikan Patin production. Ikan Patin, as a daily consumption fish, contains calorie and protein, low sodium, calcium, zinc, and mineral, all of which are healthy and make this type of fish easily digestible by the human body. Ikan Patin can also help to prevent cardiovascular disease by lowering cholesterol, preventing a heart attack, and stroke. There is a large community of Ikan Patin cultivators in Pulau Gadang Village, Indonesia. Fried, curry, and smoked Ikan Patin are the most common type of Ikan Patin processed products. From those common methods of processing Ikan Patin, it can be transformed into one of the most well-known types of food in the world, which is nugget. Nuggets are typically made from chicken or beef meat, which is what distinguishes this product. Nugget Ikan Patin, also known as Nugtin Mozahos, the brand of this product, is made from combination of Ikan Patin meat, carrots, and mozzarella cheese. The origins of this innovation were aimed at children who dislike fish but enjoy cheese and nuggets. This product's main ingredients are Ikan Patin meat, carrot, egg, flour, and a special blend of spices that make it very tasty when served with honey sauce. Consuming this product can provide a lot of nutrition, especially for those who dislike both fish and carrots, which can be compared to the nutrition that comes from chicken and beef meat.
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS CURCUMA ZANTHORRHIZA (TEMULAWAK) IN PREVENT DISEASE CANCER
Authors: Nevriansyah Eko , Agustin Andre , Mey Harmi Siregar Fitrah , Siregar Jumasari
Published: November 2022

Curcuma or Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb is plant which often used as ingredient medicine, including in ethnic group meeting (Zingiberacea) and found a lot in Forest tropical. Benefit from writing this article is we know content compound active which contained in Curcuma which could used for prevent disease cancer that is protein amyloid A4. Utility ginger by medical Among other prevent cancer, treat disease digestion, pain yellow, whiteness, increase power stand body and take care health
E-Module Development of Problem-Based Learning Electrical Materials Courses
Authors: Riani Elsa Cipto , Thoha Adi , Syukri  , Nadatul Nazhifah Diona  , Yoga Edlino  , Riani Tio Martias
Published: November 2022

This research is based on the problem of the modules used by lecturers in the Regulatory System course who are still not able to encourage their students to be able to study independently. The material presented by the lecturer in the regulatory system course at the Faculty of Engineering, Padang State University, has not been fully understood by students. This is because the material is not conceptual, and also less interactive. This has an impact on the one-way learning system, where students only expect explanations from the lecturer. This study aims to produce a valid, practical, and effective E-Module Regulatory System. This study uses a 4D model that is defined, designed, developed, and dissemination. While the subjects in this study were students of Electrical Engineering, Padang State University. The research instruments were validity questionnaires, practicality questionnaires, and tests. The results of the study obtained data on the validity of the E-Module from material experts and media experts with valid categories. Based on the practicality test with the lecturer and student respondents, it was found that the E-Module Learning System Management was in the very practical category. Testing the effectiveness of the E-Module Learning Management System through the students' post-test results, it was found that the E-module was categorized as effective.
BIOINFORMATION STUDY OF NONI (MORINDA CITRIFOLIA) AS ANTITUSSIVE AGENT AGAINST SARS-COV-2
Authors: Mega Salamatul Masruroh  , Zeeshan Ali  , Asda Viola Dwicha Asda
Published: November 2022

Sars-Cov-2 which was first identified at the end of 2019 due to Corona Virus infection is still a worldwide pandemic because there is no specific drug that can fight this virus. Several problems, such as the performance of the vaccine that functions to relieve symptoms of Sars-Cov-2 virus infection, have sparked a new view of alternative medicine through natural ingredients as an alternative treatment for this viral infection. The chemical compound Zingiber officinale has potential as an antitussive, but its specific performance is unknown. So in this study, we will predict the molecular mechanism of chemical compounds from Zingiber officinale as a candidate for antitussive Sars-Cov-2, through an in silico approach. The samples of chemical compounds in this study were obtained from the database, then molecular docking simulations were carried out, protein-ligand interaction analysis, and 3D molecular visualization. The results showed that the drug candidate compoundsThe 1,8-cineole compound contained in Zingiber officinale is predicted as a candidate for antitussive drugs, because it has the lowest binding energy. It is recommended that the computational simulation results in this study can be used as a reference for conducting drug design through in vitro and in vivo tests.
The Spatial Analysis of Water Quality in Batang Natal River Estuary Area, Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra
Authors: Nasution Aulia Fajrin Ramadhani , Wijayanto Febri Nur , Mubarok Zaki , Bagus Muhammad Ikhwan , Matondang Muhammad Ridwansyah
Published: November 2022

Quoted from various sources, the Batang Natal river is currently in a very critical condition where this clear river has become extremely cloudy due to illegal gold mining activities along the riverbanks, especially starting from the upstream area. As a result, approximately 50 km along the river the water can no longer be used by the people who live along the river and it is estimated that there are 30 villages in the vicinity. The analysis was carried out in this area to see how the impact of mining activities in the upstream area that affects air quality and also the level of sedimentation seen from the final stop of the river, namely in the Batang Natal estuary area. This research utilizes spatial analysis with normalized different turbidity index (NDTI), normalized suspended material index (NMSI), and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) as the method. The results of data analysis show that the water quality at the final stop in the Batang Natal estuary area has decreased in their quality in the last 20 years where the water turbidity index shows a range of yield values ​​from -0.129 to 0.490. The results of processed NMSI data show the distribution of solids in the area studied to increase the estuary and downstream areas of the river. The minimum value that appeared in 2000-2001 was 0.1450 and the maximum value was 0.5693. In 2010-2011 the value obtained is in the range of 0.1592 to 0.6280, while in 2020-2021 it is in the range of 0.2049 to 0.6985. The concentration of suspended sediment in the estuary area of ​​Natal was at levels of 10.28 mg/L to 38.92 mg/L.
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF CYMBOPOGON NARDUS COMPOUND AS A MOSQUITO REPELLENT
Authors: Girsang Citra , Purwanti Riska , Eka Witri Rahmi , Fitriyani Dian
Published: November 2022

Cymbopogon nardus is a plant of the Poaceae family which is an herbal plant that is used by the community as room and clothing fragrances, relieves wound pain, improves digestion, beautifies the skin and bites the body of mosquitoes. Several previous studies have applied Citronella plants (Cymbopogon nardus) as mosquito repellents. Mosquitoes are very annoying insects because they cause pain and pain, they can also cause skin lesions due to mosquito bites and infections. Sensible mosquito repellent in the form of spray, burn or liquid where chemical compounds are harmful to human health, namely propoxur, tranflutrin, bioaleterin, dikiorvos, dalletherine, octachiorophil ether. The purpose of this study was to see the bioactivity of plants in Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus). The method used is a computational study using various bioinformatics applications. From the research it was found that the plants in Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) were very effective as mosquito repellents.
Developing a new simulation-based decision-making and team-working course for advanced clinical practitioners
Authors: Midwinter Elizabeth , Walthall Kirsten
Published: November 2022

The development of the Advanced Clinical Practitioner (ACP) framework at Lancashire Teaching Hospitals began in 2017. There are now 13 non-medical consultants, 73 Qualified Advanced and Specialist Clinical Practitioners, and 25 trainee ACP’s across the organisation. Part of the competency framework included the ability to manage common medical emergencies that are not necessarily a routine part of that ACP’s case load, for example managing a patient with chest pain on a surgical ward or assessing a ward patient following a fall.

A one-day simulation-based course was developed to allow ACP’s to manage patients with these conditions in a safe and supportive environment. The day includes a lecture introducing human factors and decision-making theories, followed by six scenarios with debriefing facilitated by senior faculty to discuss learning points with the group. Scenarios were designed in line with ASPiH standards [1] to include clinical competencies which are not common-place in the trainee’s current working environments, giving them a chance to undertake the management of these rarer occurrences in a safe and controlled environment.

Feedback was collected using anonymous self-scoring feedback forms and was overwhelmingly positive, with candidates feeling more confident in managing these clinical scenarios in practice. All candidates felt the scenarios were pitched to the correct level. Written feedback also highlighted how beneficial it was to get together as a group for shared learning across different directorates.

Simulation-based learning can improve the confidence of ACP’s in managing unfamiliar clinical emergencies. In future courses will be advertised and opened to ACP’s from other Trust’s to allow further discussion.

1. Association for Simulated Practice in Healthcare. Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare. 2016. Standards Framework and Guidance. Association for simulated practice in healthcare (ASPiH) standards for simulation-based education.
A bespoke train the trainers course to make healthcare more inclusive for people with learning disability
Authors: Berg Richard , Morley Joanne , Nunn Angie , Anpananthar Amutha
Published: November 2022

People with Learning Disability (LD) often receive inequitable care within the NHS, something Mencap has described as ‘institutional discrimination’ [1]. The NHS Long Term Plan states the need to improve the care of patients with LD [2]. Simulation with debriefing is a useful approach for improving patient care with Human Factors teaching. To improve education around LD, we created a de novo course with concurrent LD theme for nursing educators to become trained in debriefing and simulation, to allow them to become champions in facilitating learning, especially in relation to LD.

To establish the current educational needs of our organisation around LD, we conducted a staff survey to further understand the educational needs of our colleagues. 108 professionals from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds (including nurses, dietitians, and doctors) across 4 sites within our Trust responded. Thematic analysis highlighted the need for further education, with anxiety about inequitable treatment of LD patients, and staff and patient physical safety when looking after a patient with LD. We subsequently ran a 2-day ‘Train the Trainers’ course for nursing educators, which used communication scenarios (online videos and actors) and games to develop generic debriefing skills. Day 2 focused on simulation design and incorporating LD into simulation design, and at the end of the course participants facilitated a high-fidelity simulation to the rest of the group. Throughout the course, patient feedback, serious incidents, staff survey, and our Trust LD specialist nurse’s expertise were incorporated.

8 nurses attended our course, taught by a diverse multidisciplinary faculty. Before the course, confidence in debriefing was on average 2.8/5 (5 being most confident). Afterwards they rated their confidence 3.8/5. Learners were asked about their confidence raising awareness of LD within their department. The rating was improved from the initial 2.6/5 to 3.6/5 after the course. To date, 1 participant has delivered LD-related teaching to their department using debriefing skills following an online LD video used on the course.

Our staff survey highlighted the need for further education within our organisation. The course was successful in increasing nursing educators’ confidence in debriefing and their confidence in raising awareness of LD during teaching sessions. We are currently creating further resources to aid teaching, including videos with service users. We will further signpost to existing resources and request delayed feedback to assess if our nursing educators have become LD Champions.

1. Mencap. Mencap.org.uk. 2022

2. NHS England. NHS Long Term Plan. NHS Long Term Plan. 2022.
Rapid cycle deliberate practice model: cardiac arrest simulation for ward-based staff
Authors: Williams Emma , Toft Lisa , Gonzalez Raquel
Published: November 2022

The Simulation Centre, in a largest district general hospital, provides a large portfolio of scenario-based courses, for all staffing groups, including the development of modified rapid cycle deliberate practice (RCDP) simulation. Modified RCDP is a model of simulation where learners repeat a scenario, with micro-debriefings, allowing for improvement upon each cycle, in a dynamic learning experience [1]. The centre developed a hybrid style of RCDP and simulation to create a model called Die, Debrief, and Develop, with a focus on the initial response during a cardiac arrest, based upon safety learning events and staff confidence during these emergency events. The aim of the sessions was to improve learner confidence, focusing on technical and non-technical skills in a safe learning environment. The simulation approach was delivered within the clinical environment, utilizing a manikin and equipment on the ward, including the cardiac arrest trolley. A clear pre-briefing was provided to ensure transparency around the expectations within the scenario, for example, the patient will be in cardiac arrest. Due to the repetitive nature of the simulation, there was also the freedom to fail [2].

Each cycle was 5 minutes and repeated 3 times, with a micro-debriefing between each cycle. The improvement between each cycle included patient assessment, ergonomics, human factors, critical thinking, communication, clinical skills and latent threats using elements of gamification. The micro-debriefing between each cycle allowed candidates to reflect on the experience to allow for improvement during each cycle.

As well as learning personal safety in the pre-briefing, patients and relatives in the clinical area were informed that the session would be taking place. The feedback from learning following the simulation sessions included:

‘I enjoyed cardiac arrest practice it made much more sense and more relatable than talking through what you would do!’

‘Was valuable learning and very relevant to our ward’

‘Has helped me understand cardiac arrest’

‘I feel empowered!’

‘Now I know where things are on the crash trolley’

As a result of the RCDP model of training, this has been replicated in simulation sessions for Preceptorship and Internationally Educated Nurses. The outcome from this training has demonstrated the impact of RCDP in learner confidence and in technical and non-technical skills, that can be replicated in other forms of scenario-based training.

1. Peng CR, Schertzer, K. Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice in Medical Simulation. Treasure Island, Florida: StatPearls Publishing; 2022.

2. Erickson A, Lundell J, Michela E, Pfleger PI. Gamification. In: Kimmons R, Caskurlu S (eds.) The Students’ Guide to Learning Design and Research. EdTech Books; 2020.
‘Step up’: utilising simulation to assist in the transition from medical senior house officer to registrar
Authors: Edward Roy , Gubbins William , Pleasance Hannah , Rowley Megan , Giles Benjamin , Smalley Benjamin
Published: November 2022

Core medical training was replaced by Internal Medicine Training (IMT) in August 2019. One of the more notable changes was the introduction of a 3

We created an in-person teaching day, entitled ‘Step up’, which consisted of four 20-minute, IM3 specific, high-fidelity scenario-based simulations. In each scenario, a computerised full-body manikin (SimMan Essential) was used. The manikin could be programmed to provide physiological response to scenario participants’ actions. The participants were each tasked to assess an acutely deteriorating patient (the manikin), whilst managing a demanding bleep to add realistic distractions and human factor issues to the scenario. Each participant completed one scenario and watched their peers complete the others from a separate room. Following this, participants were debriefed by qualified member of staff and then taught by a speciality registrar or consultant. Feedback forms were collected. The participants were tasked to rate the simulation day, using a nominal Likert scale from 1 to 10, for usefulness, relevance, clarity, and overall quality. 1 represented strong disagreement and 10 strong agreements with a particular domain.

Across 4 full days, we had 11 IM3 doctors take part in the ‘step up’ scenario-based simulations. 9 of the 11 participants completed feedback forms. Scores ranged from 8 to 10. Median scores for all domains were 10.

We have demonstrated that ‘step up’ scenarios are a useful and relevant aid for those transitioning into IM3. Further research utilising comparative data will provide more meaningful conclusions. We will be repeating the simulation programme for the next cohort. We will have baseline, one and three-month follow up questionnaires to assess these scenarios further.

1. Buist N, Webster CS. Simulation training to improve the ability of first-year doctors to assess and manage deteriorating patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medical Science Educator. 2019;29(3):749–761.
Promoting the use of simulation-based education in GP surgeries through the development of a new local network of primary care simulation educators
Authors: Jefferies Richard , MAgnus Kerri
Published: November 2022

Simulation-Based Education (SBE) is a widely used educational tool in healthcare, but with a skew to secondary care. Our work is part of a growing movement to bring the benefits of SBE into primary care [1]. There is an expanding and diversifying number of staff groups in general practice, with the potential to bring additional expertise and experience to benefit primary care patients; notably the Additional Roles Reimbursement Scheme is bringing new paramedics, pharmacists, physiotherapists, physician’s associates, and social prescribers, among others, into the traditional primary care workforce. There have been significant challenges in embedding these new roles, creating a sense of belonging, forming new ways of multi-disciplinary working, as well as understanding of their strengths and training needs [2]. The aim of the programme is to build a sustainable local network of simulation practitioners to continue to deliver in-situ simulations to the general practice teams. This will contribute to the training and education of clinicians, improving patient experience and safety, and embracing the broadening and expanding primary care workforce.

We are training a network of ‘Simulation Ambassadors’ to work in local Primary Care Networks – clusters of practices serving up to 100,000 patients – to bring SBE to primary care teams, enabling training and education targeted to local needs, in multidisciplinary settings, including established and new staff groups. This has the intended benefit of allowing focused training sessions in GP practices, fostering closer working relationships between members of different staff groups while sharing knowledge and learning between these different groups.

6 ‘Simulation Ambassadors’ have received training to deliver and debrief simulation sessions and are further supported by a Primary Care Simulation Fellow, who provides resources, mentoring, and fosters a community of practice. The simulation sessions cover a range of topics including ‘acute’ scenarios (e.g. the unwell patient in a waiting room), as well as scenarios focused on consultation and communication skills (e.g. safeguarding, explanations and diagnoses of chronic pain conditions, paediatric asthma management).

We have encountered several challenges during this process, including the novelty and unfamiliarity of simulation in primary care, and the difficulty of asking already stretched staff to dedicate time, either as educators or learners, away from direct clinical care. As the programme rolls out, we intend to demonstrate the value of simulation as an educational medium and will encourage wider use locally within Primary Care.

1. Akram M and Ismail F. Simulation training in primary care. InnovAiT. 2017;10(12):765–767.

2. Baird B, Lamming L, Beech J, Bhatt R, Dale V. Integrating additional roles into primary care networks, Kings Fund report, 2022.
Application Of Some GMP Steps in One Recent Slaughterhouse
Authors: Hanna Kirellos , Mousa Mohamed , Youssef Hani , Abdelshahid Youssef , Ibrahim Mohamed
Published: November 2022

This study is a trial aimed to improve the hygienic status of beef carcasses through the application of GMP on some steps of the slaughterhouse line in an abattoir in Alexandria Province. The trial was evaluated through the determination of aerobic mesophilic counts, coliforms count, enterobacteriaceae count, and mould and yeast count of swab samples which performed before and after application of the GMP.
The samples used in this work have been obtained through Swabbing technique. Swabs were taken from the side surface of 160 random samples (80 samples before application of the GMP and 80 samples after application of the GMP) collected from the different parts of the slaughtering box, skin, evisceration station, and meat.
Our results could show presence of high microbial counts on the meat contact surfaces during slaughtering, skinning and evisceration station before application of GMP which have a clear influence on the microbial load of carcasses surfaces. We could conclude that the application of GMP could significantly reduce all studied microbial counts and could improve the safety of beef meat.
Moreover, we could recommend that all slaughterhouses must apply GMP along all steps of slaughter processing line as well as continuous personal hygiene and sanitation training to all workers and staff should be done to improve the hygienic status of such slaughterhouses to can produce high quality and safe meat and safe-guard consumer’s health.
The Impacts of Applications of Criminal Law on Medical Practice
Authors: Gharaibeh Zaid
Published: November 2022

Background: Human health is the single most asset that any one person can and need to have it as qualitative as.. Despite this, however, there are occasions when things go wrong in practice and the patients wind up getting hurt while they are receiving treatment at the healthcare facility Obtaining and maintaining a good health are the goals of individuals and communities, which require having good medical systems. In rare cases, malpractice of medical systems may occur, a matter that affects patients and health providers. Objective: The main objectives of the present study were to review the literature for medical malpractice and how the application of criminal law impacts the medical practice. Methods: This is descriptive review based on the related studies published in scientific literature and deposited in on-line indexed databases. Results and Discussion: Main findings of the study showed that medical errors are likely to increase overtime. Malpractice is likely to take place as if good intention to do the best. Activation of criminal law against medical malpractice may put stress on medical staff, and may be a triggering factor for improving services submitted to the patients. Conclusion: Activation of criminal law against medical errors places stress on medical community from one side, and may be a triggering factor for improving services from another side.
Pattern of hemoglobinopathies in females attending in antenatal clinic with special reference to the role of RBC parameters in beta-thalassemia carrier detection
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Debasis , Chakraborty Arup , Bagdi Sunita , Samaddar Aparajita , Pathak Swapan
Published: November 2022

Background: Hemoglobinopathies are the major cause of anemia throughout the world complicating pregnancy outcome. Hence, detection of hemoglobinopathies in antenatal period is of critical importance as it not only predict the possibility of birth of a child with thalassemia but also reduces the complications associated with anemia in pregnancy. Hence, identification of a reliable cost-effective screening method for detection of hemoglobinopathies is of utmost importance.

Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of red blood cell (RBC) parameters including hemoglobin (Hb%), RBC count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in detection of thalassemia carriers among healthy antenatal mothers in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India.

Materials and Methods: Venous blood samples were collected from total 1458 antenatal mothers aged 18 years or above with <17 weeks of gestation and were analyzed for complete blood count, serum ferritin level, and high-performance liquid chromatography for identification of abnormal Hb. Patients with iron deficiency anemia as diagnosed by serum ferritin <15 ng/ml were excluded from this study.

Results: The prevalence of hemoglobinopathy was found to be 12.55% with ß-thalassemia trait (BTT) being the most common type (7.9%). All the RBC parameters were significantly lower among the BTT group compared to individuals with normal or other hemoglobinopathies (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: RBC parameters such as Hb, RBC, MCV, and MCH can be used as cost-effective yet very effective screening method to identify different hemoglobinopathies among antenatal mothers.
Prevalence and determinants of stress among undergraduate medical students in Surendranagar district: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Makwana Milind , Koringa Hetal
Published: November 2022

Background: Stress among undergraduate medical students is a bigger concern globally.

Aims and Objectives: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of stress among undergraduate medical students and to find association between stress with sociodemographic variables and other stressors.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 private medical college undergraduate students in Surendranagar district. The study used Kessler-10 psychological distress inventory, which measures the level of stress according to none, mild, moderate, and severe grades. Various sociodemographic, academic, and psychosocial factors were assessed using Microsoft Excel version 2021 and analyzed in SPSS version 26. Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and binary logistic regression were used for analysis.

Results: Overall prevalence of stress among medical students was noted as 71%. Majority (39%) of the stressed students were from the 2nd year. Female students were more stressed than male students. Broad MBBS syllabus, high frequency of examinations, fear of failure in examinations, competition with the peers, language barrier, lack of recreational activities, and fear of less attendance were the academic factors behind the stress. Feeling of social isolation and lack of motivation were found to be predictors for the stress.

Conclusion: High prevalence of the stress among medical students was found in this study. Minimization of the academic workload and promotion of extracurricular activities such as sports and cinema are in need. Self-care skills should be incorporated in curriculum and counseling units can be set up for students to cope up with stress.
Personality Factors and Their Influence on Student Engagement Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Irvine Valley College, Wong Tyler , Mohamdjawad Shireen , Castillo Ruth , Kester Brittany
Published: November 2022

Classic research conducted by Terenzini & Pascarella (1991) and Tinto (1993) concluded that college students learn more if involved in both academic and out-of-class activities. This study examined how unprecedented college campus closures during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted students’ sense of college connection. In this study, participants (N=1,409) completed an online questionnaire that measured participants' college connectedness, shyness, the Big Five (extroversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism), and several aspects of interpersonal communication. It was hypothesized that non-shy and extroverted students would more successfully maintain a sense of college connectedness during the pandemic than shy and introverted students. It was also hypothesized that there would be a significant drop in college connectedness scores compared to a pre-pandemic connectedness study (Psi Beta, 2011). The first hypothesis was supported as there was an inverse relationship between non-shy students and college connectedness. The second hypothesis was also supported; in comparison to the mean of college connectedness prior to COVID-19, college connectedness declined. Additional findings include no significant relationship between extraversion scores and college connectedness, and a significant correlation between honor society membership and college connectedness. Future research might explore other factors that may impact college connectedness, such as immigration status and first-generation status.
Impact On Lonliness During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown Based on Age and Household Size
Authors:   Psi Beta Honor Society, Department of Psychology, Bellevue College, Cherry Alexis , Simler Angela , Waldron Sylvia , London Celeste
Published: November 2022

During the COVID-19 global pandemic, individuals have had to learn to cope with isolation and adjust to new social protocols (Nooraie et al., 2021). In Washington state, a lockdown mandate was issued between March to May 2020 in response to a surge in COVID-19 cases (Washington Governor, 2020). This study aimed to analyze how King County residents experienced the lockdown and the impact it had on their daily activities, behaviors, and well-being. We examined the age and the dynamics within the household including household size and how they relate to the person’s experience of loneliness. The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Appendix A; Russel et al., 1978) was distributed online through Qualtrics, an online survey provider. The participants were adults between the ages of 18-65 living in King County during the lockdown. We hypothesized (H1) that people living alone or in crowded households experienced the highest levels of loneliness during the COVID quarantine and (H2) that age groups experienced isolation differently, specifically loneliness increases with age. The results demonstrate a significant main effect for age. The largest differences in feelings of loneliness were found between the youngest age group (18-24) and the oldest age group (55-64), although it appears that overall loneliness decreased as age increased. No significant effects were found for household size which contradicts the findings of previous studies.
A Research Proposal - Social Influence in Virtual Spaces: Social Proof Versus Authority Power
Authors:   Irvine Valley College, CA, Kester Brittany , Castillo Ruth , Wong Tyler , Cook Andrew , Alwan Oubadah , Leuteneker Sevilla , Halili Hazel
Published: November 2022

The proposed research aims to explore the influences of authority power and social proof while considering personality characteristics in a post-pandemic virtual environment. This study will be conducted online as a conceptual replication of a recent experimental study (Danay et al., 2016) that was conducted in person and compared social influence strategies drawn from two of psychology’s most classic studies. This replication will include several personality factors. Scripts, language, inflection, and tone will imitate the classic Milgram experiments of the 1960s to display authority power, while a virtual version of the classic Asch line study will mimic social proof (Asch, 1955; Milgram, 1963). Participants will choose between Milgram’s authoritative commands and Asch’s intense social pressure. Prior to entering the live experiment participants will complete the Big 5 Inventory (BFI; McCrae & Costa, 2003), Locus of Control Scale (LCS; Rotter, 1966), and Adult Attachment Questionnaire (Simpson, et al., 1996). The two social forces (authority vs. social pressure) will be compared during the proposed study. The hypotheses posed are as follows: H1) It is expected that a majority of participants will be influenced by social proof rather than authority. H2) Agreeableness and openness will negatively correlate with authority and positively correlate with social proof. H3) External locus of control will positively correlate with authority. H4) Individuals with an avoidant attachment style will adhere to authority while anxiously attached individuals will follow social proof. This research may provide insight into forces that influence an individual’s judgment in a virtual environment.
Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction by a Mandibular Tracing System: A Case Report
Authors:   Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Sciences and Biomaterials, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA, Liao Peixi
Published: November 2022

Objective. The purpose of this case report was to present a digital mandibular tracing technique that is used to evaluate a patient with temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD). Clinicalfeatures.A65-year-oldCaucasianfemalepatientpresentedwithchronicjawpaininhertemporomandibularjoint(TMJ)area.Thepatientdescribesadentalhistoryoforthodonticandprosthodontictreatment.Orallypatient exhibitssupereruptedteeth,multiplyfracturedrestorations,facialgingivalrecession,androtatedteeth.Thepatient also had an uneven occlusal plane and non-working side contact at maxillary ﬁrst and mandibular second molars. Evaluation and outcome. A digital mandibular tracing technique, cone beam computed tomography, and full-arch optical impressions were used to evaluate the patient’s condition. The left condyle was slightly ﬂat compared with the right one on the anterior surface. Limited protrusion and lateral movements and asymmetric border movements were detected. Apparently, an incomplete orthodontic treatment at the patient’s early age, iatrogenic mandibular anterior restorations, and hit and slight effect are considered causes of temporomandibular joint problems. The recommended treatment plan sequence for this patient is an occlusal adjustment, replacement of defective restorations, and fabrication of an occlusal guard for one of the arches. Conclusion. A digital mandibular tracing system can help the dentist to diagnose and analyze the causes of TMD patients speciﬁcally and individually. It also provides quick resolution and management for patients with TMD.
A PROPOSITURA DE UMA RENDA BÁSICA UNIVERSAL NO CONTEXTO DA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 COMO CAPACITADORA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO SOCIOECONÔMICO
Authors: De Morais Amanda Ingrid Cavalcante , Bezerra Stéfani Clara da Silva , Da Silva Alexandre Antônio Bruno
Published: November 2022

O artigo trata da propositura de uma renda básica universal, no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19, verificando se esta pode se prestar ao papel de capacitadora das liberdades individuais e, portanto, ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico brasileiro. A criação do auxílio emergencial no Brasil foi de importante para o enfretamento das catástrofes trazidas pela pandemia, em especial, da desigualdade social. Partindo dos ensinamentos de Amartya Sen, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar a renda básica como uma ferramenta hábil à garantia do mínimo existencial (compreendido como a condição básica assegurada a cada pessoa para dispor de uma vida digna, tal como saúde, alimentação e educação), no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19 e da implementação da política de austeridade no Brasil. Adota-se o método indutivo, realizando uma abordagem descritiva e explicativa. Ao final, conclui-se que, a priori, por se tratar de uma transferência de valores do Estado para os cidadãos, a renda básica é uma política social de alto custo, daí sua incompatibilidade com a política de austeridade. Todavia, alguns economistas acreditam que será possível a propositura de uma Reforma Tributária, permitindo o financiamento permanente da renda básica, dotando-a de recursos próprios e de regras mais adequadas ao seu público alvo.
PROCESSOS DE TRABALHO NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE E A IMPLANTAÇÃO DAS LINHAS-GUIA NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE UMA GERÊNCIA REGIONAL DE SAÚDE EM MINAS GERIAS: UMA ANÁLISE MULTICRITÉRIO
Authors: Silva Pollyanna de Oliveira , Prat Bernat Vinolas , Nobre Juliana Nogueira Pontes , Morais Rosane Luzia De Souza
Published: November 2022

O trabalho objetivou verificar a relação entre processo de trabalho e implantação das Linhas Guias (LG) e propor um índice-síntese, considerando os processos de trabalho como indicador da potencialidade municipal para implantação das LG. Estudo quantitativo transversal exploratório, utilizado a Multi-Attribute Utility Theory realizado em 23 municípios de uma gerência de saúde. Os processos de trabalho: agenda (r: 0,51; p: 0,013), diagnóstico (r: 0,54. p: 0,008) e acesso (r: 0,51; p: 0,013), apresentaram correlação de moderada a alta com  implementação das LG. O índice-síntese explica 42% da implantação das LG. Os resultados contribuem para a gestão da avaliação em saúde evidenciando condicionantes para uma efetiva implantação das LG.
Effective Using of Released Teaching Tasks from Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) for the Development of Higher Cognitive Levels and Scientific Literacy of Pupils in Chemistry Education
Authors: Distler Petr , Teplá Milada , Teplý Pavel , Škoda Jiří
Published: November 2022

During the one-year pedagogical experiment, the released teaching tasks from PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) assessment were systematically used in the 9th grade. The pupils in a control group used a commercial workbook. The results in the initial and final test showed that the pupils from the experimental group statistically significantly improved in most of the tested cognitive levels.  We can state that the use of released PISA-type teaching tasks in the chemistry teaching has led pupils to scientific literacy development and that these teaching tasks represent a suitable tool for chemistry teaching. Based on the one-year use of teaching tasks in five different schools, recommendations for their effective use in teaching were made.
Machine learning based model to predict Human Emotions using facial features
Authors: Singhal Akshat
Published: November 2022

This paper focuses on Emotion Recognition using facial expressions. It aims to detect facial expressions accurately and efficiently. Here, we have used facial expressions as the criteria wherein the lips, eyebrow movement, eyes, etc. are the factors that help us detect various emotions. The purpose of this paper is to serve various fields where emotion recognition will be viable and can be helpful for better outcomes. Spectrums like video gaming, psychology, medical fields, etc. can use Emotion Recognition System in a very positive way. Convolutional Neural Network has developed to help in recognizing emotions through facial expressions and classify them into seven basic categories which are: happy, sad, neutral, surprise, fear, disgust, and angry. So, Convolutional Neural Network is implemented to extract relevant features of the input images and classify them into seven categories. For evaluating the proposed model, Facial Emotion Recognition 2013 dataset is used so that the model achieves the best accuracy rate. Keywords—Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Facial Emotion Recognition 2013 (FER 2013), Extended Cohn-Kanade (CK+), Japanese Female Facial Expressions (JAFFE), Emotional Facial Action Coding System (EMFACs), Action Units (AUs).
A Case Study on The Waste Generation and Routes of Disposal of Roadside Small Tea Stalls of Ramgarh Area
Authors: Kumari Uma , Sur Taniya , Sadhu Soumak , Sarkar Shrubawati , Tarafdar Sambit
Published: November 2022

Tea is a very common beverage that is consumed around the world. Consumption of tea has huge health benefits as it contains a wide spectrum of phytochemicals. Tea is consumed in various forms like black tea, green tea, jasmine tea, etc. India is considered a major producer and exporter of tea in the world. It has been reported in the literature that on average within every two kilometers in India you will find a tea stall. The tea in such stalls is mainly served in plastic cups, paper cups, and earthen cups. Moreover, a gigantic volume of spent tea leaves is generated as a result of the preparation of tea. In context to that, it may be corroborated that, a huge chunk of solid waste is being generated from such small tea shops which in turn has no practical applications. Such wastes also face serious issues related to their storage, management, and disposal. Accordingly, to put an insight into the volume of such tea waste generated; a small case study was conducted as a part of this project. We went to ten different small tea stalls of Ramgarh cantt and carried out a small survey to determine the various amount of waste generated by these shops on a daily basis. The results obtained from the survey were thought-provoking. It was noted that most of these solid wastes were practically not recycled and are simply dumped into various dump yards. Thus, the extended aim of the study was aimed toward the identification of various routes for the valorization of the various wastes generated from these tea stalls in the form of spent tea leaves and various types of containers used for serving the tea. The proposed scheme of work will definitely help in promoting environmental security and accordingly, will be beneficial to the various stakeholders.