bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of urban distribution to the fluvial geomorphic environment and the reconstruction of the river system structure by urban distribution in Haihe Plain in the past 2,200 years
Authors: Du Longjiang , Wang Fang , Zhang Qixuan , Fang Yuanyang
Published: January 2022

The alluvial plain of many of the world's large rivers is generally an area with concentrated urban distribution and a long history of development. In eastern China, the alluvial plains downstream of large rivers such as the Haihe River are the most densely populated and economically developed regions. Beijing, the capital of China, is located on the Haihe Plain. It is a matter of great significance that the region's capacity for livability and sustainable development be improved. Using the river geomorphic data and historical town information, methods of spatial statistical analysis and historical literature research, this paper analyzes the spatial relationship between the distribution of urban centers and the fluvial geomorphology of the Haihe Plain over more than 2,200 years. The research finds that: first, different levels of cities and towns have led to varying choices regarding the fluvial geomorphic environment. Second, in different periods in which different transportations were dominant, the distribution of cities and towns has adapted to the fluvial geomorphology. In the land transportation period, urban settlements mainly concentrated on the diluvial‐alluvial fans at the foot of the Taihang Mountain; in the inland shipping period, they focused on gathering at the confluence of rivers on the central plain and along the canals; in the period of global trade, Tianjin, a trade center, established itself at the mouth of the Haihe River. Third, humans intend to rebuild water system structures (such as the Grand Canal) in the context of major water conservancy projects in the basin to meet the needs of the expanding regions and towns. The research shows that the urban development of the Haihe Plain should adapt to the natural regional pattern and establish a solution based on respecting the natural conditions of the basin, to make the regional sustainable development more resilient.
Boosting hydrogen production with ultralow working voltage by selenium vacancy‐enhanced ultrafine platinum–nickel nanowires
Authors: Jin Yu , Zhang Zhe , Yang Hao , Wang Pengtang , Shen Chenqi , Cheng Tao , Huang Xiaoqing , Shao Qi
Published: January 2022

Defect engineering provides a highly potential way to yield exceptional catalytic performance. Herein, we first report the selenium (Se) vacancies‐decorated ultrafine platinum–nickel (PtNi‐Sev) nanowires, as a bifunctional catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The optimized PtNi‐Sev exhibits obvious enhancement for HER and MOR compared to PtNi nanowires. It displays merely an overpotential of 18.8 mV for alkaline HER and the outstanding MOR performance (3.51 A/mgPt). When applying in one symmetric overall water splitting electrolyzer coupling with HER and MOR, an ultralow working voltage of 0.637 V with 100% Faraday efficiency for hydrogen production was achieved at the current density of 10 mA/cm2. Further investigations reveal that the weakened hydrogen binding energy, strong OH binding as well as relative weak CO binding are responsible for the improved HER and MOR activities.
Data and text mining from online reviews: An automatic literature analysis
Authors: Moro Sérgio , Rita Paulo
Published: January 2022

This paper reports on a thorough analysis of the scientific literature using data and text mining to uncover knowledge from online reviews due to their importance as user‐generated content. In this context, more than 12,000 papers were extracted from publications indexed in the Scopus database within the last 15 years. Regarding the type of data, most previous studies focused on qualitative textual data to perform their analysis, with fewer looking for quantitative scores and/or characterizing reviewer profiles. In terms of application domains, information management and technology, e‐commerce, and tourism stand out. It is also clear that other areas of potentially valuable applications should be addressed in future research, such as arts and education, as well as more interdisciplinary approaches, namely in the spectrum of the social sciences.

This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Text Mining

Application Areas > Business and Industry
Ensuring equity in access to online courses: Perspectives from the WHO health emergency learning response
Authors: George Richelle , Utunen Heini , Ndiaye Ngouille , Tokar Anna , Mattar Lama , Piroux Corentin , Gamhewage Gaya
Published: January 2022

The World Health Organization's (WHO) open‐source learning platform, OpenWHO, allows diverse audiences worldwide to access self‐paced, asynchronous online courses based on WHO technical expertise and guidance. In addition, the platform emphasizes equitable access to learning by aiming to remove barriers. All OpenWHO courses are therefore provided free of charge and in low‐bandwidth friendly, downloadable, and offline formats. This paper explores differences in access to online learning across learner demographics, namely gender, country income status, and preferred language. The evidence presented is derived from surveys and statistical data extracted from the OpenWHO platform. It advocates for the importance of offering courses in non‐time‐bound formats that address the relevant diseases, outbreaks, and challenges of affected communities. Doing so is vital to ensure the broadest possible and most equitable access to learning, according to learners' availability and preferred media, languages, and health topics.
String scale black holes at large D
Authors: Chen Yiming , Maldacena Juan
Published: January 2022

Abstract

We study aspects of black holes near the Hagedorn temperature. The large dimension expansion introduced by Soda, Emparan, Grumiller and Tanabe connects them to the well studied two dimensional black hole based on SL(2)k/U(1). This allows us to explore black holes at string scale temperatures. We argue that the black hole can surpass the Hagedorn temperature, but at a somewhat larger temperature it is likely to turn over to a highly excited string.
Pentagon functions for one-mass planar scattering amplitudes
Authors: Chicherin Dmitry , Sotnikov Vasily , Zoia Simone
Published: January 2022

Abstract

We present analytic results for all planar two-loop Feynman integrals contributing to five-particle scattering amplitudes with one external massive leg. We express the integrals in terms of a basis of algebraically-independent transcendental functions, which we call one-mass pentagon functions. We construct them by using the properties of iterated integrals with logarithmic kernels. The pentagon functions are manifestly free of unphysical branch cuts, do not require analytic continuation, and can be readily evaluated over the whole physical phase space of the massive-particle production channel. We develop an efficient algorithm for their numerical evaluation and present a public implementation suitable for direct phenomenological applications.
Observable flavor violation from spontaneous lepton number breaking
Authors: Escribano Pablo , Hirsch Martin , Nava Jacopo , Vicente Avelino
Published: January 2022

Abstract

We propose a simple model of spontaneous lepton number violation with potentially large flavor violating decays, including the possibility that majoron emitting decays, such as μ → eJ, saturate the experimental bounds. In this model the majoron is a singlet-doublet admixture. It generates a type-I seesaw for neutrino masses and contains also a vector-like lepton. As a by-product, the model can explain the anomalous (g − 2)μ in parts of its parameter space, where one expects that the branching ratio of the Higgs to muons is changed with respect to Standard Model expectations. However, the explanation of the muon g − 2 anomaly would lead to tension with recent astrophysical bounds on the majoron coupling to muons.
Vector dark matter production from catalyzed annihilation
Authors: Cai Chengfeng , Zhang Hong-Hao
Published: January 2022

Abstract

We provide a simple model of vector dark matter (DM) which can realize the recently proposed freeze-out mechanism with catalyzed annihilation. In our setup, a vector DM field Xμ and a catalyst field Cμ is unified by an SU(2)D gauge symmetry. These gauge fields acquire their masses via spontaneously symmetry breaking triggered by a doublet and a real triplet scalar fields. The catalyst particle is automatically lighter than the DM since it only acquires mass from the vacuum expectation value of the doublet scalar. We also introduce a dimension-5 operator to generate a kinetic mixing term between Cμ and the U(1)Y gauge field Bμ. This mixing term is naturally small due to a suppression with a high UV completion scale, and thus it allows the catalyst to decay after the DM freeze-out. We derive the annihilation cross sections of processes X* + X → 2C and 3C → X* + X and solve the Boltzmann equations for both the DM and the catalyst. We develop the analytical approximate solutions of the equations and find them matching the numerical solutions well. Constraints from relic abundance and indirect detection of DM are considered. We find that the DM with a mass mX ≳ 4.5 TeV survives in the case of a long-living catalyst. On the other hand, if the catalyst decays during the catalyzed annihilation era, then the bound can be released. We also discuss two paradigms which can maintain the kinetic equilibrium of DM until the DM freeze-out. In both cases, the freeze-out temperature of DM is an order of magnitude higher than the original model.
Single top production in association with a WZ pair at the LHC in the SMEFT
Authors: El Faham Hesham , Maltoni Fabio , Mimasu Ken , Zaro Marco
Published: January 2022

Abstract

We study single top quark production in association with a WZ pair at the LHC in the context of the Standard Model (SM) and the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). A significant advantage of tWZ compared to other EW top production processes is its sensitivity to unitarity-violating behaviour induced in its 2 → 2 sub-amplitudes through modified EW interactions. At NLO in QCD, tWZ interferes with t$$ \overline{t} $$

t
¯

Z and t$$ \overline{t} $$

t
¯

and a method to meaningfully separate it from these overlapping processes needs to be employed. In order to define tWZ production for total rates and differential distributions, we consider the approaches proposed in the literature for similar cases and find that diagram-removal procedures provide reliable results both for the SM and the SMEFT in a suitably defined phase-space region. We provide robust results for total and differential cross sections for tWZ at 13 TeV, including the six relevant dimension-6 operators ($$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
tW,$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
tZ,$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
tG,$$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi Q}^{\left(-\right)} $$

O
φQ

−

,$$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi Q}^{(3)} $$

O
φQ

3

,$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
φt), also matching short-distance events to parton shower.
Circulating cardiomyocyte-derived extracellular vesicles reflect cardiac injury during systemic inflammatory response syndrome in mice
Authors: Hegyesi Hargita , Pallinger Éva , Mecsei Szabina , Hornyák Balázs , Kovácsházi Csenger , Brenner Gábor B. , Giricz Zoltán , Pálóczi Krisztina , Kittel Ágnes , Tóvári József , Turiak Lilla , Khamari Delaram , Ferdinandy Péter , Buzás Edit I.
Published: January 2022

The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is increased under cellular stress and cardiomyocyte damaging conditions. However, whether the cardiomyocyte-derived EVs eventually reach the systemic circulation and whether their number in the bloodstream reflects cardiac injury, remains unknown. Wild type C57B/6 and conditional transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) by cardiomyocytes were studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). EVs were separated both from platelet-free plasma and from the conditioned medium of isolated cardiomyocytes of the left ventricular wall. Size distribution and concentration of the released particles were determined by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. The presence of GFP + cardiomyocyte-derived circulating EVs was monitored by flow cytometry and cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. In LPS-treated mice, systemic inflammation and the consequent cardiomyopathy were verified by elevated plasma levels of TNFα, GDF-15, and cardiac troponin I, and by a decrease in the ejection fraction. Furthermore, we demonstrated elevated levels of circulating small- and medium-sized EVs in the LPS-injected mice. Importantly, we detected GFP+ cardiomyocyte-derived EVs in the circulation of control mice, and the number of these circulating GFP+ vesicles increased significantly upon intraperitoneal LPS administration (P = 0.029). The cardiomyocyte-derived GFP+ EVs were also positive for intravesicular troponin I (cTnI) and muscle-associated glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM). This is the first direct demonstration that cardiomyocyte-derived EVs are present in the circulation and that the increased number of cardiac-derived EVs in the blood reflects cardiac injury in LPS-induced systemic inflammation (SIRS).
Influence of anaemia in severely injured patients on mortality, transfusion and length of stay: an analysis of the TraumaRegister DGU®
Authors: Tanner Linda , Neef Vanessa , Raimann Florian J. , Störmann Philipp , Marzi Ingo , Lefering Rolf , Zacharowski Kai , Piekarski Florian ,   Committee on Emergency Medicine, Intensive Care and Trauma Management (Sektion NIS) of the German Trauma Society (DGU)
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Anaemia is one of the leading causes of death among severely injured patients. It is also known to increase the risk of death and prolong the length of hospital stay in various surgical groups. The main objective of this study is to analyse the anaemia rate on admission to the emergency department and the impact of anaemia on in-hospital mortality.

Methods

Data from the TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) between 2015 and 2019 were analysed. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 16 years and most severe Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score ≥ 3. Patients were divided into three anaemia subgroups: no or mild anaemia (NA), moderate anaemia (MA) and severe anaemia (SA). Pre-hospital data, patient characteristics, treatment in the emergency room (ER), outcomes, and differences between trauma centres were analysed.

Results

Of 67,595 patients analysed, 94.9% (n = 64,153) exhibited no or mild anaemia (Hb ≥ 9 g/dl), 3.7% (n = 2478) displayed moderate anaemia (Hb 7–8 g/dl) and 1.4% (n = 964) presented with severe anaemia (Hb < 7 g/dl). Haemoglobin (Hb) values ranged from 3 to 18 g/dl with a mean Hb value of 12.7 g/dl. In surviving patients, anaemia was associated with prolonged length of stay (LOS). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed moderate (p < 0.001 OR 1.88 (1.66–2.13)) and severe anaemia (p < 0.001 OR 4.21 (3.46–5.12)) to be an independent predictor for mortality. Further significant predictors are ISS score per point (OR 1.0), age 70–79 (OR 4.8), age > 80 (OR 12.0), severe pre-existing conditions (ASA 3/4) (OR 2.26), severe head injury (AIS 5/6) (OR 4.8), penetrating trauma (OR 1.8), unconsciousness (OR 4.8), shock (OR 2.2) and pre-hospital intubation (OR 1.6).

Conclusion

The majority of severely injured patients are admitted without anaemia to the ER. Injury-associated moderate and severe anaemia is an independent predictor of mortality in severely injured patients.
Management von medikamentenassoziierten Kiefernekrosen – Ergebnisse einer Literaturanalyse neuester Studien im Vergleich zu bewährten Strategien
Authors: Tröltzsch Matthias , Tröltzsch Markus , Pautke Christoph , Otto Sven
Published: January 2022

Hintergrund

Antiresorptiva gehören weltweit zu den am häufigsten applizierten Arzneimitteln. Ihr Haupteinsatzbereich liegt in der Osteologie und Onkologie. Trotz allgemein guter Verträglichkeit treten bei Patienten unter Therapie unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen (UAW) auf. Eine spezifische UAW im Bereich der Kiefer ist die sog. medikamentenassoziierte Osteonekrose („medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw“, MRONJ) der Kiefer.

Ziel der Arbeit

Diese Arbeit stellt neuesten Entwicklungen in Ätiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie der MRONJ im Vergleich zu bereits bestehenden Erkenntnissen zusammen.

Methodik

Es wurde eine systematische Literaturübersicht der Jahre 2016–2021 zu diesem Thema durchgeführt. Prospektive Therapiestudien, Diagnostikstudien mit Vergleichsgruppe und innovative Studien zur Pathogenese der MRONJ wurden eingeschlossen und nach den MINORS-Kriterien („methodological index for non-randomized studies“) bewertet.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Die MRONJ tritt bei ca. 2–12 % der Patienten, die aus onkologischer Indikation mit Antiresorptiva behandelt werden, auf (osteologische Indikation ca. 0,1–1 %). Die Therapie der MRONJ sollte frühzeitig und operativ erfolgen. Die Heilungsrate ist bei einem operativen Therapieansatz mit über 85 % sehr gut.
Quest for breathing: proliferation of alveolar type 1 cells
Authors: Satora Leszek , Gawlikowski Tomasz , Tański Adam , Formicki Krzysztof
Published: January 2022

There is much evidence that the vertebrate lung originated from a progenitor structure which was present in bony fish. However, critical basic elements for the evolution of breathing in tetrapods, such as the central rhythm generator sensitive to CO2/pH and the pulmonary surfactant, were present in the lungless primitive vertebrate. This suggests that the evolution of air breathing in all vertebrates may have evolved through exaptations. It appears that the capability for proliferation of alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells is the “critical factor” which rendered possible the most radical subsequent innovation—the possibility of air breathing. “Epithelial remodeling,” which consists in proliferation of alveolar cells—the structural basis for gas diffusion—observed in the alimentary tract of the gut-breathing fishes (GBF) has great potential for application in biomedical research. Such a process probably led to the gradual evolutionary development of lungs in terrestrial vertebrates. Research on the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling proliferation of squamous epithelial cells in the GBF should contribute to explaining the regeneration-associated phenomena that occur in mammal lungs, and especially to the understanding of signal pathways which govern the process.
Equivalence classes and conditional hardness in massively parallel computations
Authors: Nanongkai Danupon , Scquizzato Michele
Published: January 2022

The Massively Parallel Computation (MPC) model serves as a common abstraction of many modern large-scale data processing frameworks, and has been receiving increasingly more attention over the past few years, especially in the context of classical graph problems. So far, the only way to argue lower bounds for this model is to condition on conjectures about the hardness of some specific problems, such as graph connectivity on promise graphs that are either one cycle or two cycles, usually called the one cycle versus two cycles problem. This is unlike the traditional arguments based on conjectures about complexity classes (e.g., $$\textsf {P}\ne \textsf {NP}$$

P
≠
NP

), which are often more robust in the sense that refuting them would lead to groundbreaking algorithms for a whole bunch of problems. In this paper we present connections between problems and classes of problems that allow the latter type of arguments. These connections concern the class of problems solvable in a sublogarithmic amount of rounds in the MPC model, denoted by $$\textsf {MPC}(o(\log N))$$

MPC
(
o
(
log
N
)
)

, and the standard space complexity classes $$\textsf {L}$$
L
and $$\textsf {NL}$$
NL
, and suggest conjectures that are robust in the sense that refuting them would lead to many surprisingly fast new algorithms in the MPC model. We also obtain new conditional lower bounds, and prove new reductions and equivalences between problems in the MPC model. Specifically, our main results are as follows.

Lower bounds conditioned on the one cycle versus two cycles conjecture can be instead argued under the $$\textsf {L}\nsubseteq \textsf {MPC}(o(\log N))$$

L
⊈
MPC
(
o
(
log
N
)
)

conjecture: these two assumptions are equivalent, and refuting either of them would lead to $$o(\log N)$$

o
(
log
N
)

-round MPC algorithms for a large number of challenging problems, including list ranking, minimum cut, and planarity testing. In fact, we show that these problems and many others require asymptotically the same number of rounds as the seemingly much easier problem of distinguishing between a graph being one cycle or two cycles.

Many lower bounds previously argued under the one cycle versus two cycles conjecture can be argued under an even more robust (thus harder to refute) conjecture, namely $$\textsf {NL}\nsubseteq \textsf {MPC}(o(\log N))$$

NL
⊈
MPC
(
o
(
log
N
)
)

. Refuting this conjecture would lead to $$o(\log N)$$

o
(
log
N
)

-round MPC algorithms for an even larger set of problems, including all-pairs shortest paths, betweenness centrality, and all aforementioned ones. Lower bounds under this conjecture hold for problems such as perfect matching and network flow.
Broad spectrum of regorafenib activity on mutant KIT and absence of clonal selection in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): correlative analysis from the GRID trial
Authors: Jeffers Michael , Kappeler Christian , Kuss Iris , Beckmann Georg , Mehnert Daniel H. , Fredebohm Johannes , Teufel Michael
Published: January 2022

Background

In the phase 3 GRID trial, regorafenib improved progression-free survival (PFS) independent of KIT mutations in exons 9 and 11. In this retrospective, exploratory analysis of the GRID trial, we investigated whether a more comprehensive KIT mutation analysis could identify mutations that impact treatment outcome with regorafenib and a regorafenib-induced mutation pattern.

Methods

Archived tumor samples, collected at any time prior to enrollment in GRID, were analyzed by Sanger sequencing (n = 102) and next-generation sequencing (FoundationONE; n = 47). Plasma samples collected at baseline were analyzed by BEAMing (n = 163) and SafeSEQ (n = 96).

Results

In archived tumor samples, 67% (68/102) had a KIT mutation; 61% (62/102) had primary KIT mutations (exons 9 and 11) and 12% (12/102) had secondary mutations (exons 13, 14, 17, and 18). At baseline, 81% of samples (78/96) had KIT mutations by SafeSEQ, including the M541L polymorphism (sole event in 6 patients). Coexisting mutations in other oncogenes were rare, as were mutations in PDGFR, KRAS, and BRAF. Regorafenib showed PFS benefit across all primary and secondary KIT mutational subgroups examined. Available patient-matched samples taken at baseline and end of treatment (n = 41; SafeSEQ), revealed heterogeneous KIT mutational changes with no specific mutation pattern emerging upon regorafenib treatment.

Conclusion

These data support the results of the GRID trial, and suggest that patients may benefit from regorafenib in the presence of KIT mutations and without the selection of particular mutation patterns that confer resistance. The study was not powered to address biomarker-related questions, and the results are exploratory and hypothesis-generating.
Lawson schemes for highly oscillatory stochastic differential equations and conservation of invariants
Authors: Debrabant Kristian , Kværnø Anne , Mattsson Nicky Cordua
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we consider a class of stochastic midpoint and trapezoidal Lawson schemes for the numerical discretization of highly oscillatory stochastic differential equations. These Lawson schemes incorporate both the linear drift and diffusion terms in the exponential operator. We prove that the midpoint Lawson schemes preserve quadratic invariants and discuss this property as well for the trapezoidal Lawson scheme. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the integration error for highly oscillatory problems is smaller than that of some standard methods.
Direct Inference and Probabilistic Accounts of Induction
Authors: Williamson Jon
Published: January 2022

Schurz (2019, ch. 4) argues that probabilistic accounts of induction fail. In particular, he criticises probabilistic accounts of induction that appeal to direct inference principles, including subjective Bayesian approaches (e.g., Howson 2000) and objective Bayesian approaches (see, e.g., Williamson 2017). In this paper, I argue that Schurz’ preferred direct inference principle, namely Reichenbach’s Principle of the Narrowest Reference Class, faces formidable problems in a standard probabilistic setting. Furthermore, the main alternative direct inference principle, Lewis’ Principal Principle, is also hard to reconcile with standard probabilism. So, I argue, standard probabilistic approaches cannot appeal to direct inference to explicate the logic of induction. However, I go on to defend a non-standard objective Bayesian account of induction: I argue that this approach can both accommodate direct inference and provide a viable account of the logic of induction. I then defend this account against Schurz’ criticisms.
Hidden champions: a review of the literature & future research avenues
Authors: Schenkenhofer Julian
Published: January 2022

Substantial efforts have contributed to overcome the scarcity of research on hidden champions. Nevertheless, literature has yet missed to compile a comprehensive review. Drawing on the insights of 112 publications, four strands of literature could be distinguished to unravel the essence of hidden champions. Research on hidden champions studies their (1) internationalization strategies, (2) R&D and innovation strategies, the (3) worldwide and regional geographic distribution of hidden champions and finally (4) other research that could not be assigned to one of the first three strands. A hand-collected sample of 1372 German hidden champions exemplifies the key insights from the reviewed research articles. Discussing the findings of the different literature strands aims at drawing a conclusion on their main results and analytical pitfalls to eventually unfold and motivate future research avenues.
The underconfidence-with-practice effect in action memory: The contribution of retrieval practice to metacognitive monitoring
Authors: Kubik Veit , Jemstedt Andreas , Eshratabadi Hassan Mahjub , Schwartz Bennett L. , Jönsson Fredrik U.
Published: January 2022

When making memory predictions (judgments of learning; JOLs), people typically underestimate the recall gain across multiple study–test cycles, termed the underconfidence-with-practice (UWP) effect. This is usually studied with verbal materials, but little is known about how people repeatedly learn and monitor their own actions and to what extent retrieval practice via interim tests influence the progression of JOLs across cycles. Using action phrases (i.e.,squeeze the lemon) as learning material, we demonstrated the UWP effect after both verbal and enactive encoding, although we did not get first-cycle overconfidence. As predicted, participants exhibited underconfidence in Cycles 2 and 3, as an error of calibrations. However, people’s resolution of JOLs (i.e., ability to discriminate recalled from unrecalled items) increased across study–test cycles. Importantly, JOLs for study–test (relative to study–study) items increased faster across cycles suggesting that repeated study–test practice not only produces underconfidence across cycles, but also reduces underconfidence relative to study–study practice. We discuss these findings in terms of current explanations of the underconfidence-with-practice effect.
Prävention von demenzbedingten Versorgungskrisen im hausarztbasierten Setting – das Projekt DemStepCare als innovative Versorgungsform
Authors: Wangler Julian , Geschke Katharina , Wuttke-Linnemann Alexandra , Fellgiebel Andreas , Jansky Michael
Published: January 2022

Hintergrund

In Deutschland mangelt es im Bereich der Demenzversorgung an multiprofessionellen, sektorenübergreifenden Strukturen, die Hausärzt*innen unterstützen und es ermöglichen, auf individuelle Bedürfnisse von Patient*innen und Angehörigen einzugehen. Infolgedessen ereignen sich häufig Versorgungskrisen, die zu Krankenhaus- und Pflegeheimeinweisungen führen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Der Beitrag thematisiert das Innovationsfonds-geförderte Modellprojekt zur ambulanten medizinisch-pflegerischen DemenzversorgungDemStepCare. Hierzu werden Hintergründe, Zielsetzungen und Status quo des Projekts vorgestellt sowie Herausforderungen bei der Rekrutierung angesprochen.

Material und Methoden

Im Mittelpunkt vonDemStepCaresteht die gezielte Unterstützung der hausärztlichen Versorgung mittels eines bedarfsadaptiert tätigen, ambulanten Case Managements sowie einer von Pflegeexpert*innen geführten Krisenambulanz. Darüber hinaus soll das Modellprojekt zu einer stärkeren Demenzkompetenz der einbezogenen Hausärzt*innen beitragen.

Ergebnisse

Trotz erlebter Rekrutierungsproblematiken zeigt sich bereits eine gute Realisierbarkeit des Modells im ambulanten Setting. Befragungen von Case Manager*innen, Mitarbeiter*innen der Krisenambulanz und Hausärzt*innen belegen eine wahrgenommene Wirksamkeit, wenn es um die Prävention von Versorgungskrisen geht. Hausärzt*innen bestätigen eine höhere Sicherheit im Umgang mit Demenzerkrankungen.

Diskussion

DemStepCarebietet das Potenzial, eine Versorgungslücke zu schließen, indem Hausärzt*innen effektive ambulante Unterstützungsinstrumente zur konsequenten Demenzversorgung und Risikoprävention an die Hand gegeben werden. Weitere Anstrengungen zur Stärkung einer hausarztbasierten, sektorenübergreifenden Demenzversorgung sollten angestrebt werden.
Double-Win Properties Response of Mechanical and Hydrogen Absorption in Melt-Spun Ti-Zr-Ni-Cr Amorphous Metals
Authors: Huang Shuiming , Song Huihui , Hu Yuhu , Xu Kai , Zhou Chao , Hou Xueling
Published: January 2022

The effect of spinning rates on mechanical properties and hydrogen absorption/desorption properties of Ti47Zr31Ni14Cr8 amorphous ribbons have been investigated in the present work. A fully amorphous structure was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the ribbons obtained from spinning rates of 30 m s−1 to 45 m s−1. The uniformity of amorphous ribbons and their mechanical properties were improved with the increase in the spinning rate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the fracture surface of amorphous ribbons had a cleavage feature and vein-like pattern when the spinning rates were 30 m s−1 and 45 m s−1, respectively. Because of the influence of flow units on the kinetic process of hydrogen absorption, the hydrogenation kinetics and hydrogen desorption capacity of amorphous ribbons were enhanced with the increased spinning rates. After the amorphous ribbons absorbed a large amount of hydrogen, ZrH2, TiH2, and (ZrTi)2Ni7 crystalline phases were formed from the amorphous matrix. Hydrogen promotes amorphous phase decomposition and the crystallinity of the new phases led to deterioration of the mechanical properties.
Value creation and value capture for AI business model innovation: a three-phase process framework
Authors: Åström Josef , Reim Wiebke , Parida Vinit
Published: January 2022

The rise of AI technologies is generating novel opportunities for companies to create additional value for their customers by applying a proactive approach, managing uncertainty, and thus improving cost efficiency and increasing revenue. However, AI technology capabilities are not enough—companies need to understand how the technology can be commercialized through appropriate AI business model innovation. When emerging technologies are introduced, business-model concepts often need to be significantly altered. This is necessary to fully capitalize on disruptive technologies because it is just as important to innovate the business model as it is to build advanced technology solutions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain how AI providers align value-creation and value-capture dimensions in order to develop commercially viable AI business models. To fulfill our stated purpose, this study has adopted an inductive and exploratory single case-study approach centered on a market-leading provider of AI-related services. The findings are consolidated into a process framework that explicitly illustrates the key activities that companies need to perform concerning value creation and value capture for AI business model innovation and commercialization. The framework explains that AI providers need to follow three phases—namely, identifying prerequisites for AI value creation, matching value capture mechanisms, and developing AI business model offer. We also find that AI providers need to test and develop multiple AI business models and operate them simultaneously to ensure commercial success.
Neonatal Seizures—Perspective in Low-and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Vegda Hemadri , Krishnan Vaisakh , Variane Gabriel , Bagayi Vaishnavi , Ivain Phoebe , Pressler Ronit M.
Published: January 2022

Neonatal seizures are the commonest neurological emergency and are associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcome. While they are generally difficult to diagnose and treat, they pose a significant clinical challenge for physicians in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). They are mostly provoked seizures caused by an acute brain insult such as hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, infections of the central nervous system, or acute metabolic disturbances. Early onset epilepsy syndromes are less common. Clinical diagnosis of seizures in the neonatal period are frequently inaccurate, as clinical manifestations are difficult to distinguish from nonseizure behavior. Additionally, a high proportion of seizures are electrographic-only without any clinical manifestations, making diagnosis with EEG or aEEG a necessity. Only focal clonic and focal tonic seizures can be diagnosed clinically with adequate diagnostic certainty. Prompt diagnosis and timely treatment are important, with evidence suggesting that early treatment improves the response to antiseizure medication. The vast majority of published studies are from high-income countries, making extrapolation to LMIC impossible, thus highlighting the urgent need for a better understanding of the etiologies, comorbidities, and drug trials evaluating safety and efficacy in LMIC. In this review paper, the authors present the latest data on etiology, diagnosis, classification, and guidelines for the management of neonates with the emphasis on low-resource settings.
The Equivalence Problem in Analytic Dynamics for 1-Resonance
Authors: Rousseau Christiane
Published: January 2022

When are two germs of analytic systems conjugate or orbitally equivalent under an analytic change of coordinates in a neighborhood of a singular point? The present paper, of a survey nature, presents a research program around this question. A way to answer is to use normal forms. However, there are large classes of dynamical systems for which the change of coordinates to a normal form diverges. In this paper, we discuss the case of singularities for which the normalizing transformation is k-summable, thus allowing to provide moduli spaces. We explain the common geometric features of these singularities, and show that the study of their unfoldings allows understanding both the singularities themselves, and the geometric obstructions to convergence of the normalizing transformations. We also present some moduli spaces for generic k-parameter families unfolding such singularities.
Unraveling Abolition
Authors: Pérez Morales Edgardo
Published: January 2022

Unraveling Abolition tells the fascinating story of slaves, former slaves, magistrates and legal workers who fought for emancipation, without armed struggle, from 1781 to 1830. By centering the Colombian judicial forum as a crucible of antislavery, Edgardo Pérez Morales reveals how the meanings of slavery, freedom and political belonging were publicly contested. In the absence of freedom of the press or association, the politics of abolition were first formed during litigation. Through the life stories of enslaved litigants and defendants, Pérez Morales illuminates the rise of antislavery culture, and how this tradition of legal tinkering and struggle shaped claims to equal citizenship during the anti-Spanish revolutions of the early 1800s. By questioning foundational constitutions and laws, this book uncovers how legal activists were radically committed to the idea that independence from Spain would be incomplete without emancipation for all slaves.
The Moral Superiority of Bioengineered Wombs and Ectogenesis for Absolute Uterine Factor Infertility
Authors: Kendal Evie , Koplin Julian J.
Published: January 2022

This paper argues that uterine transplants are a potentially dangerous distraction from the development of alternative methods of providing reproductive options for women with absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI). We consider two alternatives in particular: the bioengineering of wombs using stem cells (which would carry fewer risks than uterine transplants) and ectogenesis (which would not require surgical intervention for either the prospective mother with AUFI or a womb donor). Whether biologically or mechanically engineered, these womb replacements could provide a way for women to have children, including genetically related offspring for those who would value this possibility. Most importantly, this alternative would avoid the challenge of sourcing wombs for transplant, a practice that we argue would likely be exploitative and unethical. Continued research into bioengineering and ectogenesis will therefore remain morally important despite the recent development of uterine transplantation, even if the procedure reaches routine clinical application.
Circulating ACE2-expressing extracellular vesicles block broad strains of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: El-Shennawy Lamiaa , Hoffmann Andrew D. , Dashzeveg Nurmaa Khund , McAndrews Kathleen M. , Mehl Paul J. , Cornish Daphne , Yu Zihao , Tokars Valerie L. , Nicolaescu Vlad , Tomatsidou Anastasia , Mao Chengsheng , Felicelli Christopher J. , Tsai Chia-Feng , Ostiguin Carolina , Jia Yuzhi , Li Lin , Furlong Kevin , Wysocki Jan , Luo Xin , Ruivo Carolina F. , Batlle Daniel , Hope Thomas J. , Shen Yang , Chae Young Kwang , Zhang Hui , LeBleu Valerie S. , Shi Tujin , Swaminathan Suchitra , Luo Yuan , Missiakas Dominique , Randall Glenn C. , Demonbreun Alexis R. , Ison Michael G. , Kalluri Raghu , Fang Deyu , Liu Huiping
Published: January 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the pandemic of the coronavirus induced disease 2019 (COVID-19) with evolving variants of concern. It remains urgent to identify novel approaches against broad strains of SARS-CoV-2, which infect host cells via the entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Herein, we report an increase in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) that express ACE2 (evACE2) in plasma of COVID-19 patients, which levels are associated with severe pathogenesis. Importantly, evACE2 isolated from human plasma or cells neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 infection by competing with cellular ACE2. Compared to vesicle-free recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2), evACE2 shows a 135-fold higher potency in blocking the binding of the viral spike protein RBD, and a 60- to 80-fold higher efficacy in preventing infections by both pseudotyped and authentic SARS-CoV-2. Consistently, evACE2 protects the hACE2 transgenic mice from SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury and mortality. Furthermore, evACE2 inhibits the infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants (α, β, and δ) with equal or higher potency than for the wildtype strain, supporting a broad-spectrum antiviral mechanism of evACE2 for therapeutic development to block the infection of existing and future coronaviruses that use the ACE2 receptor.
Resolving the conflict between antibiotic production and rapid growth by recognition of peptidoglycan of susceptible competitors
Authors: Maan Harsh , Itkin Maxim , Malitsky Sergey , Friedman Jonathan , Kolodkin-Gal Ilana
Published: January 2022

Microbial communities employ a variety of complex strategies to compete successfully against competitors sharing their niche, with antibiotic production being a common strategy of aggression. Here, by systematic evaluation of four non-ribosomal peptides/polyketide (NRPs/PKS) antibiotics produced by Bacillus subtilis clade, we revealed that they acted synergistically to effectively eliminate phylogenetically distinct competitors. The production of these antibiotics came with a fitness cost manifested in growth inhibition, rendering their synthesis uneconomical when growing in proximity to a phylogenetically close species, carrying resistance against the same antibiotics. To resolve this conflict and ease the fitness cost, antibiotic production was only induced by the presence of a peptidoglycan cue from a sensitive competitor, a response mediated by the global regulator of cellular competence, ComA. These results experimentally demonstrate a general ecological concept – closely related communities are favoured during competition, due to compatibility in attack and defence mechanisms.
A bioactivated in vivo assembly nanotechnology fabricated NIR probe for small pancreatic tumor intraoperative imaging
Authors: Ren Han , Zeng Xiang-Zhong , Zhao Xiao-Xiao , Hou Da-yong , Yao Haodong , Yaseen Muhammad , Zhao Lina , Xu Wan-hai , Wang Hao , Li Li-Li
Published: January 2022

Real-time imaging of the tumour boundary is important during surgery to ensure that sufficient tumour tissue has been removed. However, the current fluorescence probes for bioimaging suffer from poor tumour specificity and narrow application of the imaging window used. Here, we report a bioactivated in vivo assembly (BIVA) nanotechnology, demonstrating a general optical probe with enhanced tumour accumulation and prolonged imaging window. The BIVA probe exhibits active targeting and assembly induced retention effect, which improves selectivity to tumours. The surface specific nanofiber assembly on the tumour surface increases the accumulation of probe at the boundary of the tumor. The blood circulation time of the BIVA probe is prolonged by 110 min compared to idocyanine green. The assembly induced metabolic stability broaden the difference between the tumor and background, obtaining a delayed imaging window between 8–96 h with better signal-to-background contrast (>9 folds). The fabricated BIVA probe permits precise imaging of small sized (<2 mm) orthotopic pancreatic tumors in vivo. The high specificity and sensitivity of the BIVA probe may further benefit the intraoperative imaging in a clinical setting.
Cu-catalyzed asymmetric addition of alcohols to β,γ-alkynyl-α-imino esters for the construction of linear chiral N,O-ketals
Authors: Sheng Cheng , Ling Zheng , Luo Yicong , Zhang Wanbin
Published: January 2022

N,O-acetals are part of many synthetic intermediates and important skeletons of numerous natural products and pharmaceutical drugs. The most straightforward method of the synthesis of N,O-acetals is the enantioselective addition of O-nucleophiles to imines. However, using this method for the synthesis of linear chiral N,O-ketals still remains challenging due to the instability of raw materials under acidic or basic conditions. Herein, we developed a Cu-catalyzed asymmetric addition of alcohols to β,γ-alkynyl-α-imino esters under mild conditions, providing the corresponding linear chiral N,O-ketals with up to 96% ee. The method tolerates some variation in the β,γ-alkynyl-α-imino ester and alcohol scope, including some glucose and natural amino acid derivatives. Computational results indicate that the Boc group of the substrates assist in the extraction of hydrogen atoms from the alcohols to promote the addition reactions. These products could be synthesized on a gram-scale and can be used in several transformations. This asymmetric addition system provides an efficient, mild, gram-scale, and transition-metal-catalyzed synthesis of linear chiral N,O-ketals.
Theory of the Kitaev model in a [111] magnetic field
Authors: Zhang Shang-Shun , Halász Gábor B. , Batista Cristian D.
Published: January 2022

Recent numerical studies indicate that the antiferromagnetic Kitaev honeycomb lattice model undergoes a magnetic-field-induced quantum phase transition into a new spin-liquid phase. This intermediate-field phase has been previously characterized as a gapless spin liquid. By implementing a recently developed variational approach based on the exact fractionalized excitations of the zero-field model, we demonstrate that the field-induced spin liquid is gapped and belongs to Kitaev’s 16-fold way. Specifically, the low-field non-Abelian liquid with Chern number C = ±1 transitions into an Abelian liquid with C = ±4. The critical field and the field-dependent behaviors of key physical quantities are in good quantitative agreement with published numerical results. Furthermore, we derive an effective field theory for the field-induced critical point which readily explains the ostensibly gapless nature of the intermediate-field spin liquid.
Globally elevated chemical weathering rates beneath glaciers
Authors: Li Xiangying , Wang Ninglian , Ding Yongjian , Hawkings Jon R. , Yde Jacob C. , Raiswell Robert , Liu Jintao , Zhang Shiqiang , Kang Shichang , Wang Rongjun , Liu Qiao , Liu Shiyin , Bol Roland , You Xiaoni , Li Guoyu
Published: January 2022

Physical erosion and chemical weathering rates beneath glaciers are expected to increase in a warming climate with enhanced melting but are poorly constrained. We present a global dataset of cations in meltwaters of 77 glaciers, including new data from 19 Asian glaciers. Our study shows that contemporary cation denudation rates (CDRs) beneath glaciers (2174 ± 977 Σ*meq+ m−2 year−1) are ~3 times higher than two decades ago, up to 10 times higher than ice sheet catchments (~150-2000 Σ*meq+ m−2 year−1), up to 50 times higher than whole ice sheet means (~30-45 Σ*meq+ m−2 year−1) and ~4 times higher than major non-glacial riverine means (~500 Σ*meq+ m−2 year−1). Glacial CDRs are positively correlated with air temperature, suggesting glacial chemical weathering yields are likely to increase in future. Our findings highlight that chemical weathering beneath glaciers is more intense than many other terrestrial systems and may become increasingly important for regional biogeochemical cycles.