bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Development of an Injection Molding Process Window
Authors: Myers Mason Cameron , Castro Jose M. , Mulyana Rachmat , Hoffman Ben
Published: June 2023

Injection molding is one of the most common and effective manufacturing processes used to produce plastic products and impacts industries around the world. However, injection molding is a complex process that requires careful consideration of several key control variables. These variables and how they are utilized greatly affect the resulting parts of any molding operation. The bounds of the acceptable values of each control process variable or CPV must be analyzed and delimited to ensure manufacturing success and produce injected molded parts efficiently and effectively. One such method in which the key CPV of an injection molding operation can be delimited is through the development of a process window. Once developed, operating CPV at values inside the boundaries of the window or region will allow for the consistent production of parts that comply with the desired performance measures (PM), promoting a stable manufacturing process. This work proposes a method to experimentally develop process windows and illustrates the methodology with a specific molding operation.
Clinching of High-Strength Steel Sheets With Local Preheating
Authors: Džupon Miroslav , Kaščák Ľuboš , Cmorej Denis , Čiripová Lucia , Mucha Jacek , Spišák Emil
Published: June 2023

Clinching is a manufacturing method of mechanical joining two or more materials without the use of heat or additional components. This process relies on high plastic deformation to create a secure bond. Clinching technology is widely used for joining various grades and thickness of materials. Especially in the automotive industry, clinching is an alternative to spot resistance welding. However, the load-bearing capacity of clinched joints is comparatively lower when compared to resistance spot welded joints. This research aimed to enhance the load-carrying capacity of clinched joints. Experimental tests were conducted on clinched joints with locally modified microstructures to optimize their placement within the joint. The microstructure distribution in the clinched joint region was analysed using light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as microhardness measurements. Two material grades, micro-alloyed steels HX420LAD+Z and dual-phase ferritic-martensitic steels HCT600X+Z, were tested. Each grade underwent five groups of ten samples, subject to identical experimental conditions of local heating by resistance spot welding (RSW) and clinching. The application of RSW to the clinched joint area resulted in increase of load-bearing capacity for both joined types of materials.
Simulation of the Damage and Failure Characteristics of Coal under True Triaxial Static-Dynamic Loads
Authors: He Hu , Gong Siyuan , Li Xuwei , Mu Zonglong
Published: June 2023

The damage evolution rules of coal under true triaxial combined static-dynamic loads are important to understand and reveal the mechanism of rockburst in coal mines. The numerical simulation was carried out using FLAC3D to explore the coupling effect of static and dynamic stress, especially the influence of dynamic load parameters. The results show that the increase of dynamic load amplitude not only makes the plastic zone grow exponentially and shorten the damage development time, but also decreases the residual strength of the coal sample, which leads to a much more violent of the dynamic failure. The stress wave can propagate more stable in the coal sample with the increase of dynamic load frequency and the development time of the plastic zone also show synchronous fluctuating features, and when the frequency is like the intrinsic frequency of the coal sample, the dynamic load has a significant stimulate effect. The static and dynamic loads have different damage effect to the coal sample under true triaxial stress path, the weight decreases in order of the minimum principal stress, the maximum principal, the amplitude of the dynamic load and at last the dynamic stress frequency by the entropy weight method analysis.
PATTERNS OF GAS FLOW IN A HIGH-PRESSURE CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR
Authors: Rogovyi Andrii , Azarov Andrii , Ovcharov Egor , Shudryk Oleksandr , Tolstyi Pavlo
Published: June 2023

The development of three-dimensional modeling and analysis of the flow based on the solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations allows to better determine the characteristics and flow parameters, but requires significantly more time spent on simulation and proof or verification of mathematical models in order to obtain minimal calculation errors. The aim of the work is to determine gas flow patterns in a high-pressure centrifugal compressor based on numerical methods for calculating the flow and to compare the integral characteristics with experimental data. The adequacy of the mathematical model with a displacement of the mass flow rate by 0.3 kg/s was confirmed. Nevertheless, the maximum mismatch of the determination of the total pressure ratio is equal to 8% in the zone of optimal values with flow displacement. The maximum error of determining efficiency is 9%. In the zone of optimal values, if the flow rate characteristic is shifted, the error of efficiency calculating does not exceed 2%. The pressure distribution along the impeller blades and the diffuser blades showed ways to optimize the blade shape to increase the compressor efficiency: there is an intersection of the lines for the optimal mode of the rotor blade; the splitter blade works in normal mode, but the distribution can be improved by changing the blade shape in the initial section; the intersection of the pressure lines for the optimal mode indicates the insufficient quality of the diffuser, which can be improved by changing the shape of the blade. For a more qualitative mathematical description of the flow patterns in the compressor, it is advisable to use the SST turbulence model, with a larger number of elements. The compressor characteristics were obtained numerically and the integral parameters of operation were determined.
Keywords: high-pressure centrifugal compressor, numerical simulation, mathematical modeling, performances, adequacy
TECHNOLOGY OF SHAPING AND ANALYSIS OF CONTACT INTERACTION OF MACHINE PARTS
Authors: Tkachuk Mykola M. , Grabovskiy Andrey , Pinchuk Natalija , Tretyak Vladeslav , Domina Natalia , Voloshyna Iryna
Published: June 2023

Elements of transmissions and other machine parts in many cases have a complex shape of contacting surfaces. On the one hand, their form is determined by kinematic conditions associated with the transfer of motion between structural elements. On the other hand, the design geometry is limited by strength criteria. Keeping the shape of the contacting surfaces as close to each other as possible generally facilitates the reduction of stress levels. As a result, there is a combined problem of synthesis of geometric form and analysis of kinematic interaction of complex-profile bodies. A general approach that implements objective-driven variation of the shape of the contacting bodies has been developed for this purpose. At the same time, the varied geometric shape is approximated by prismatic finite elements. A topologically regular mesh of finite elements is formed. As a result, it is possible to parametrize the geometrical model of the researched objects, as well as to perform automated multivariate calculations. Accordingly, this array of information becomes the basis for establishing patterns of influence of various factors on the stress-deformed state of contacting bodies. It also makes it possible to formulate recommendations regarding the substantiation of advanced technological solutions of machine parts that transmit mechanical loads through moving contact. Therefore, both the functional properties of these structural components and limitations, for example, in terms of strength and durability, are provided. A method of geometric shape synthesis integrated with generalized parametric modeling was developed, as well as an approach to geometric synthesis of the shape of kinematically generated surfaces. This makes it possible to calculate the distribution of contact pressure and the stress-strain state of contacting complex bodies. For the formation of high-quality finite-element models, a method based on the creation of topologically regular mesh in the curvilinear coordinates of the working surfaces is proposed. The application and effectiveness of the developed methods and models are illustrated on the example of two-parameter transmissions. Correspondence of the results obtained by different methods was confirmed.
Keywords: complex-profile bodies; contact interaction; stress-strained state; kinematic interaction
Potensi Cadangan Karbon pada Pohon dengan Penginderaan jauh di KPHP Kabupaten Sorong
Authors: Farida Anif Farida , Ponisri Ponisri
Published: June 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah adalah untuk mengetahui estimasi cadangan karbon berdasarkan nilai NDVI di hutan produksi KPHP Kabupaten Sorong. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis NDVI untuk mendapatkan estimasi cadangan karbon berdasarkan data lapangan (allometrik) pada tingkat pohon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan vegetasi yang ada di hutan produksi KPHP didominasi oleh kelas tinggi (57,40 %)disusul berturut-turut kelas sedang (40,40 %) dan rendah (2,06 %). Persamaan regresi cadangan karbon yang diperoleh yaitu y = 2,071+4,351*NDVI. Besarnya cadangan karbon  dengan NDVI di hutan poduksi KPHP Unit II Sorong berkisar dari 1,667 ton/ha-5,113 ton/ha.
Comparison of Mental Health between the Older People Living Alone and Older People Not Living Alone before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Using the 2019-2020 Korea Community Health Survey
Authors: Park Kyong Sil , Chae Yeojoo
Published: June 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify comparison of mental health before and after outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in older people living alone and those who do not live alone, using the 2019-2020 Community Health Survey data.Methods: 146,063 older people aged 65 years or older were selected as participants using the Community Health Survey. The data were analyzed with frequency test, χ2-test and multiple logistic regression analysis using SPSS 27.0.Results: In mental health, compared to the pre-COVID-19 pandemic, the subjective health of the older people living alone and the older people who did not live alone increased, and stress and depression decreased. However, the overall mental health of the older people living alone was worse than that of the older people who did not live alone.Conclusions: After the pandemic, it is necessary to continuously monitor the mental health of the older people, and in particular, to develop and apply programs to promote the mental health of the older people living alone.
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 03.06.2023 г. по 09.06.2023 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: June 2023

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19 за неделю с 03.06.2023 г. по 09.06.2023 г.
Maths lecturers in denial about their own maths practice? A case of teaching matrix operations to undergraduate students
Authors: Partner Alexander , Vernitski Alexei
Published: June 2023

This case study provides evidence of an apparent disparity in the way that certain mathematics topics are taught compared to the way that they are used in professional practice. In particular, we focus on the topic of matrices by comparing sources from published research articles against typical undergraduate textbooks and lecture notes. Our results show that the most important operation when using matrices in research is that of matrix multiplication, with 33 of the 40 publications which we surveyed utilising this as the most prominent operation and the remainder of the publications instead opting not to use matrix multiplication at all rather than offering weighting to alternative operations. This is in contrast to the way in which matrices are taught, with very few of these teaching sources highlighting that matrix multiplication is the most important operation for mathematicians. We discuss the implications of this discrepancy and offer an insight as to why it can be beneficial to consider the professional uses of such topics when teaching mathematics to undergraduate students.
Mathematics Learning Support – Linking Practice to Research in the New Normal - A report of the IMLSN Workshop 2022
Authors: O'Sullivan Ciaran , Pfeiffer Kirsten
Published: June 2023

In this article we report on the Annual Workshop 2022 of the Irish Mathematics Learning Support Network (IMLSN). The workshop theme was ‘Mathematics Learning Support – Linking Practice to Research in the New Normal’. We briefly outline the factors that motivated the theme and the format of this workshop. We also discuss the presentations and some of the issues that were raised in discussion groups during this very successful event.
Development of Dual-polarimetric QPE relations based on Disdrometer measurements in Metro Manila, Philippines
Authors: Ibanez Marco Polo Agudal , Martirez Samuel , Pura Alvin Galdo , Sajulga Ramjun , Cayanan Esperanza , Chang Wei-Yu , Jou Ben Jong-Dao
Published: June 2023

Quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) can be further improved using estimation algorithms derived from localized raindrop size distribution (DSD) observations. In this study, DSD measurements from two disdrometer stations within Metro Manila during the Southwest monsoon (SWM) period were used to investigate the microphysical properties of rainfall and develop localize dual-polarimetric relations for different radar bands and rainfall types. Observations show that the DSD in Metro Manila is more distributed to larger diameters compared to Southern Luzon and neighboring countries in the Western Pacific. This is reflected by the relatively higher mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm) and smaller shape (μ) and slope (Λ) parameters measured in the region. The average values ofDmand normalized intercept parameter (Nw) in convective rain samples also suggest that convective rains in Metro Manila are highly influenced by both continental and oceanic convective processes. Dual-polarimetric variables simulated using the T-matrix scattering method showed good agreement with disdrometer-derived reflectivity (ZH) values. The 0.5 dB and 0.3° km-1thresholds for the differential reflectivity (ZDR)and specific differential phase (KDP) based on the blended algorithm of Cifelli et al. (2011) and Thompson et al. (2017) are proven to be useful since the utility of the dual-polarimetric variables as rainfall estimators are shown to have dependencies on the radar band and rainfall type. Evaluation of the QPE products with respect to the C-band shows thatR (KDP, ZDR) has the best performance among the dual-pol relations and statistically outperformed the conventional Marshall & Palmer relation [R(ZMP)]. The results show that dual-polarimetric variables such as ZDRand KDPcan better represent the DSD properties compared to one-dimensionalZ, hence providing more accurate QPE products than the conventionalR(Z) relations.
Amplification of Future Warming Trends due to Feedbacks between Adaptation and Mitigation
Authors: Xu Yangyang , Ramanathan Veerabhadran
Published: June 2023

Inclusion of human behavioral changes and societal response as explicit feedback terms is now at the forefront of climate projections. We adopt an integrated socio–energy–ecological–climate model, ISEEC, to quantify the role of feedbacks between warming, mitigation, and adaptation on future warming. The model explicitly allows for two-way natural-social system interactions. Here we address the energy needs for climate adaptation by the most vulnerable population numbering in the billions, an issue overlooked by most if not all climate change studies. Through formulations based on the empirical literature, we quantitatively demonstrate that a widening economic gap, the struggle of the most vulnerable segment of society to adapt to climate change, and the lack of just transition to clean energy sources, can all lead to a substantial increase in primary energy generation, CO2 emissions and an additional warming of 0.5-2ºC, through a cascade of amplifying feedbacks. The behavioral transformation of the top billion in providing clean energy technology to the bottom (poorest) billions emerges as a major factor in breaking the adaptation-mitigation feedback loop.
Polymerizing actin regulates myosin-independent mechanosensing by modulating actin elasticity and flow fluctuation
Authors: Mittal Nikhil , Michels Etienne , Pakenas Kathleen , Royer Shaina , Han Sangyoon
Published: June 2023

The stiffness of the extracellular matrix induces differential tension within integrin-based adhesions. However, it has been unclear if the stiffness-dependent differential tension is induced solely by myosin activity. Here, we report that in the absence of myosin contractility, 3T3 fibroblasts still transmit stiffness-dependent differential levels of traction. This myosin-independent differential traction is regulated by polymerizing actin assisted by actin nucleators Arp2/3 and formin where formin has stronger contribution than Arp2/3. Interestingly, we report a four-fold reduction in traction of cells when both Arp2/3 and myosin were inhibited, compared to cells with only myosin inhibition, while there was only a slight reduction in F-actin flow speed in those cells. We show that the conventional rigid-actin-based clutch model is insufficient to explain this force-flow behavior and requires the inclusion of F-actin’s own elasticity into consideration. Our model prediction suggests that Arp2/3 and formin modulate stiffness sensing via stiffening F-actin network with stronger effect from formin. Analysis of F-actin flow reveals stiffness-dependent fluctuation frequency in the flow speed, which is predictable only via the model considering actin elasticity. Our data and model provide a potential role of the polymerizing actin and its elasticity in myosin-independent mechanosensing.
What is behind water users’ satisfaction? An empirical analysis of Water Users Associations under different water availability conditions
Authors: Bopp Carlos , Engler Alejandra , Jordán Cristian , Jara-Rojas Roberto
Published: June 2023

The level of satisfaction within a community sharing a common pool resource is essential to strengthening collective actions. In the case of irrigation water, which is becoming a critical resource due to its declining availability, the satisfaction level of the farmers that join community-based water management organizations called Water User Associations may be a relevant factor explaining individuals' cooperation and collective actions. Using a sample of 393 users we performed confirmatory factor analysis, correlational analyses, and multilevel regressions. A composite indicator of user satisfaction showed significant correlations with the positive evaluation of the association staff performance, the effectiveness of monitoring and enforcement, and the confidence that other users do not withdraw more water than they are allocated. Additionally, we found that satisfaction levels for users facing higher and lower water scarcity conditions and found that satisfaction is significantly higher in the latter case. User satisfaction is affected by several structural characteristics of the water channel, users' human and social capital variables. Our study contributes to the existing literature on common resource management in irrigated areas by identifying significant factors of user satisfaction in WUAs under different water availability conditions, which can be used as inputs to improve water governance policies because, ultimately, it is users who determine cooperation rates and willingness to participate in associations collective actions.
Unique genetic architecture of CSF and brain metabolites pinpoints the novel targets for the traits of human wellness
Authors: Wang Ciyang , Western Dan , Yang Chengran , Ali Muhammad , Wang Lihua , Gorijala Priyanka , Timsina Jigyasha , Ruiz Agustín , Pastor Pau , Fernandez Maria , Panyard Daniel , Engelman Corinne , Deming Yuetiva , Boada Merce , Cano Amanda , García-González Pablo , Graff-Radford Neill , Mori Hiroshi , Lee Jae-Hong , Perrin Richard , Sung Yun Ju , (DIAN) Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network , (ADNI) Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative , Cruchaga Carlos
Published: June 2023

Brain metabolism perturbation can contribute to traits and diseases. We conducted the first large-scale CSF and brain genome-wide association studies, which identified 219 independent associations (59.8% novel) for 144 CSF metabolites and 36 independent associations (55.6% novel) for 34 brain metabolites. Most of the novel signals (97.7% and 70.0% in CSF and brain) were tissue specific. We also integrated MWAS-FUSION approaches with Mendelian Randomization and colocalization to identify causal metabolites for 27 brain and human wellness phenotypes and identified eight metabolites to be causal for eight traits (11 relationships). Low mannose level was causal to bipolar disorder and as dietary supplement it may provide therapeutic benefits. Low galactosylglycerol level was found causal to Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Our study expanded the knowledge of MQTL in central nervous system, provided insights into human wellness, and successfully demonstrates the utility of combined statistical approaches to inform interventions.
Characteristics and influencing factors of soil microbial functional diversity in Shushan urban forest, Southeast China
Authors: Wang Mimi , Liu Haiyang , Li Gang , XU Bojing , Xu Xiaoniu
Published: June 2023

The study of soil microbial functional diversity and its influencing factors in urban forests can provide important insights into maintaining a healthy material cycle within these ecosystems. In this study, we selected three plantation forests, including Pinus massoniana Lamb (PM), Quercus acutissima Carruth (QA), Liquidambar formosana Hance (LF), and secondary deciduous broadleaved forest (DB). We studied the metabolic characteristics of soil microbial carbon sources in the four kinds of forest vegetation in the growing season and dormant season and the 0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm soil layer, three soil layers (0-10, 10-20, 20-30cm) using the Biolog-ECO microplate method. Our study suggested that soil microorganisms with PM showed the lowest metabolic activity. Soil microorganisms in the four forest vegetation had the lowest carbon source utilization capacity for monosaccharide/ glycoside/ polymercan, and the highest utilization capacity for amines. The Shanon-Wiener (H′) and Simpson (D) diversity indices of the four kinds of forest vegetation were significantly different from 0-10cm in the soil layer, and the H′ and D values of LF were higher than PM, QA and DB. Soil pH and total phosphorus (TP) are closely related to the microbial functional diversity and carbon source utilization of the four vegetation.
Microalbumin and Diabetes mellitus type 2(T2DM): A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Lu Hao , Cao Yu , Duan Pengqian , Wu Yanhui
Published: June 2023

Background
The observational link between microalbumin and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is well established. However, it is uncertain if the link is causative.
Methods
The current study performed Mendelian randomization (MR) on publicly accessible genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data in order to investigate the causal linkages between microalbumin and T2DM. A single set of MR analyses was performed. As instrumental variables, a dataset of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with significance value smaller than the genome-wide criteria (5*10 − 8) was employed.
Results
The results suggested that microalbumin had a causal influence on T2DM risk based on the 0.05 threshold. Microalbumin was shown to be positively linked with the risk of T2DM using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) technique (OR = 1.346, 95% CI, 1.062–1.706, P = 0.014). The weighted median MR estimations revealed that microalbumin was positively associated with the incidence of T2DM (OR = 1.356, 95% CI, 1.038–1.771, P = 0.0254).
Conclusions
The data showed that microalbumin may increase the incidence of T2DM dependent on the genome-wide statistical significance level. This study supports the notion that microalbumin has a negative causal influence on T2DM risk.
Trial registration
retrospectively registered.
Palm Petiole Inspired Nonlinear Anti-Vibration Ring with Deformable Crescent-shaped Cross-section
Authors: Feng Xiao , Feng Jian , An Ertai , Wang Hailin , Wu Shuanglong , Qi Long
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a novel nonlinear anti-vibration ring with deformable crescent-shaped cross-sections (NAVR-DCCS) inspired by the petiole of palm leaf. The proposed NAVR-DCCS exhibits markedly enhanced nonlinear quasi-zero stiffness through deformable cross-sections, which endow it with advantageous vibration isolation attributes. A comprehensive investigation of the structural nonlinearities and dynamic behaviors of the NAVR-DCCS is undertaken, with emphasis on the principle of cross-sectional deformation and its nonlinear stiffness properties. This study explores the influence of pertinent parameters on the nonlinear characteristics and displacement transmissibility. Tensile-compression testing and transmissibility measurements are conducted to verify theoretical calculations, and the experimental results are found to be in congruity with theoretical predictions. The beneficial nonlinear characteristics of the NAVR-DCCS hold promise for providing a passive vibration isolation methodology, representing a potentially innovative solution with broad-reaching applicability and utility across diverse research domains.
Flexible control of vocal timing in bats enables escape from acoustic interference
Authors: Clemens Jan , Kössl Manfred , Poeppel David , Hechavarría Julio , Kiai Ava
Published: June 2023

In natural environments, background noise can degrade the integrity of acoustic signals, posing a problem for animals that rely on their vocalizations for communication and navigation. A simple behavioral strategy to combat acoustic interference would be to restrict call emissions to periods of low-amplitude or no noise. Using audio playback and computational tools for the automated detection of over 2.5 million vocalizations from groups of freely vocalizing bats, we show that bats (Carollia perspicillata) can dynamically adapt the timing of their calls to avoid acoustic jamming in both predictably and unpredictably patterned noise. This study demonstrates that bats spontaneously seek out temporal windows of opportunity for vocalizing in acoustically crowded environments, providing a mechanism for efficient echolocation and communication in cluttered acoustic landscapes.
A new species, new combination, and a nomen novum in the genus Trechispora from India
Authors: Krishnapriya K , T.K. Arun Kumar
Published: June 2023

The genus Trechispora accommodate species with corticioid, clavarioid, and polyporoid basidiomata, smooth to verrucose, angular basidiospores, monomitic or dimitic hyphal systems with clamp-connections, and ampullaceous septa. During a study of clavarioid fungi of Kerala, seven Trechispora species with clavarioid basidiomata were collected and studied. Morphological and molecular analyses revealed one species, T. cystidiata, characterized by cystidia, to be new to science. In addition, a new combination (T. angulispora) and a nomen novum (T. corneri) are also proposed. Descriptions of all the species collected and studied from Kerala, along with their phylogenetic placement in the order Trechisporales is presented. A taxonomic key to the clavarioid species of Trechisporales from India is also provided.
Pre-treatment re-bleeding following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review of prediction models
Authors: Dissanayake Arosha S , Ho Kwok M , Phillips Timothy J , Honeybul Stephen , Hankey Graeme J
Published: June 2023

Pre-treatment rebleeding following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) increases the risk of a poor outcome. Treatment as early as practicable is recommend to mitigate this risk though the benefit of emergency treatment is debated, emphasising the need for individualised risk prediction. Predictive models have been recently described incorporating established risk factors. Following prospective registration on the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) CRD 42023421235; Ovid Medline (Pubmed), Embase and Googlescholar were searched for English language studies describing clinical prediction models between May 2002 and May 2023 for pre-treatment rebleed prediction following aSAH in adults ³18 years. Of 763 unique records, 17 full texts were scrutinised with 5 publications describing 4 models reviewed. The Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS) checklist and the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST) were used. Reported performance varied from 0.790 to 0.939. The Intracranial Aneurysm Risk Score demonstrated a high risk of bias and low clinical applicability. The risk score of Oppong et al. was not validated or calibrated and the Clinical + Morphological model of Liu et al. did not have a sufficient event-to-predictor ratio. The ARISE extended model was formulated using patient data from multiple centres and time periods increasing the risk of non-standardised predictor assessment. Furthermore, patient recruitment overlapped the period of the endovascular paradigm shift in aneurysm treatment, limiting the applicability of this model to patients treated according to modern conditions. Thus, no published predictive model could be recommended for clinical use.
Unusual ocular and renal phenotype of MELAS syndrome with maculopathy associated with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Authors: Ordoñez Katherine Peña , Morillo Salvador García , Naranjo Paola Donoso , Bermejo María Mantrana , Domínguez José Luis , Valdivia Miguel Ángel Pérez
Published: June 2023

Background: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a maternally inherited genetic mitochondrial disorder.
Case presentation: We present the clinical case of a 28-year-old woman with nephrotic proteinuria and vision loss. Bilateral macular oedema and drusen-like deposits were observed in the funduscopic examination and coincided with the first episode. She presented with renal function deterioration. Furthermore, the renal biopsy revealed focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. The genetic study was negative, and complete sequencing of mitochondrial DNA was requested. The results indicated, 45% heteroplasmy for the pathogenic variant m.3243A>G in the MTTL1 gene, which is compatible with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome.
Conclusions: Therefore, our clinical case highlights the clinical heterogeneity of this syndrome, as this patient presented with exceptional renal and ocular involvement without damage to other organs that are usually affected. These phenotypes are not well documented in the literature on MELAS.
Randomized Pilot Trial of Cell Phone Support to Improve Medication Adherence among Adolescents and Young Adults with Chronic Health Conditions
Authors: Sayegh Caitlin S. , MacDonell Karen K. , Iverson Ellen , Beard Breaon , Chang Nancy , Vu My H. , Belzer Marvin
Published: June 2023

Background
Adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with chronic health conditions often struggle to develop medication adherence skills. This pilot trial evaluated the impact of a mobile health coaching intervention, Cell Phone Support (CPS), on medication adherence.
Methods
Conditions in this randomized trial (NCT04241627; registered 1/27/2020) were CPS delivered by phone calls (CPS-C), CPS delivered by text messages (CPS-T), or automated text message reminders (ATR). Participants were AYA with different chronic health conditions (i.e., sickle cell disease, solid organ transplant, type 2 diabetes), aged 15–20 years (N = 34). We examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of both CPS interventions.
Results
CPS was feasible and acceptable. There was evidence that participants found CPS to be more useful than ATR. In this pilot trial, participants receiving CPS reported relatively stronger increases in adherence, compared to those assigned to ATR. CPS-C slightly outperformed CPS-T.
Conclusions
Providing coaching to AYA struggling with illness self-management via their cell phones may promote their acquisition of medication adherence skills. Although larger studies are needed to confirm the results of this pilot study, phone calls and text messages are both promising modalities for delivering human cell phone support.
Hepatic stellate cell-derived exosome miR-122-5p targets TNFRSF19 to inhibit EMT and fibrosis in intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells via the p38 MAPK pathway
Authors: Zhang Yaqin , Zhang Xiangzhi , Chen Ruofei , Jiao Ziying , Shen Bing , Shuai Zongwen
Published: June 2023

Background and aim: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a kind of autoimmune mediated chronic cholestatic liver disease, Intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (IBECs) are the main target cells. The precise effect of miR-122-5p, especially exosomal miR-122-5p in PBC has not been elucidated.
Methods: RNA-sequence analyzed the expression profiles of ncRNAs in peripheral blood exosomes of PBC patients. Elisa measured levels of inflammatory cytokines. The proliferation and apoptosis of HIBECs were detected by CCK8 and flow cytometry. Cells were co-cultured using Transwell chamber. The biomarkers of epithelium-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibrogenesis, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) pathway was detected by RT-qPCR and western blot (WB). Dual luciferase reporter assay confirm the binding of miR-122-5p.
Results: 8531 differential expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 263 DE miRNAs were identified in serum exosomes of PBC patients. Exosomal miR-122-5p was correlated with liver injury and cholestasis indexes, and combined with gp210 and sp100 could improve the sensitivity of PBC diagnosis. In vitro experiments showed that high expression of miR-122-5p promoted the proliferation, inhibited the apoptosis, EMT and fibrosis of HIBECs. TNFRSF19 is the target gene of miR-122-5p and regulate apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1 (ASK1). P38 MAPK pathway and inflammatory cytokines were down-regulated by miR-122-5p.
Conclusion: miR-122-5p regulates the p38 MAPK signaling pathway by targeting TNFRSF19 and plays an important role in the EMT and fibrosis process of HIBECs. miR-122-5p may be a potential marker for the diagnosis of PBC and therapeutic target.
Silicon sources on biochemical responses and Corynespora cassiicola control in cucumber plants
Authors: Fischer Ivan Herman , Morales João Vitor Pelizzaro , Silva Lucas Meleiro , Bertani Rosemary Marques de Almeida , Deus Angélica Cristina Fernandes , Prado Renato de Mello , Pascholati Sérgio Florentino
Published: June 2023

Target spot (Corynespora cassiicola) is an important leaf disease of cucumber, and studies on its alternative management are essential for the economic viability of the crop. The objective was to evaluate silicates in controlling target spot and its pathogen, as well as to characterize the biochemical responses of plants. Preventive spraying was performed three times, at weekly intervals, with K2SiO3 + Cu and K2SiO3, at the concentrations 0, 28, 56, 84 and 112 mg L− 1 Si. Assessments included mycelial growth and germination in vitro; disease severity; number and diameter of lesions; pathogen sporulation on leaves; activities of the enzymes peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and β-1,3-glucanase, and leaf levels of phenolic compounds. Silicon had no effect in vitro, nor did it affect lesion diameter and sporulation. The lowest disease severity was observed at five days after inoculation at 56 and 84 mg L− 1 Si, while no control was detected after three and seven days. The lowest number of lesions was found for K2SiO3 + Cu after five days of inoculation and for the concentration 56 mg L− 1 Si after seven days, while for K2SiO3, the number of lesions was lowest at 56 and 112 mg L− 1 Si after five days and at 84 and 112 mg L− 1 Si after seven days. In general, there were no differences between silicates. Enzyme activities and phenolic compound levels were not influenced by Si. Thus, Si had almost no evident effect on target spot control, and no direct effect either on the pathogen or on the biochemical responses of plants.
Mapping high probability area for the Bacillus anthracis occurrence in wildlife protected area, South Omo, Ethiopia
Authors: Joka Fekede Regassa
Published: June 2023

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by a spore-forming gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus anthracis (BA), in which soil is the primary reservoir. The geographic distribution of the disease appears to be restricted by a combination of climatic and environmental conditions. Among the top five zoonotic diseases, Anthrax is the second priority zoonosis in Ethiopia. Increased anthropogenic factors inside wildlife protected areas may worsen the spillover of the disease from domestic animals to wildlife. Consequently, the prediction of the environmental suitability of BA spores to locate a high-risk area is urgent. Here we identified a potentially suitable habitat for BA spores survival and a high-risk area for appropriate control measures. Our result revealed that a relatively largest segment of Omo National Park located on the western side and more than half of the total area of Mago National Park bordering Hamer, Bena Tsamay, and south Ari were categorized under a high-risk area for the anthrax occurrence in the current situation. Therefore, the findings of this study provide the priority area to focus and allocating resources for effective surveillance, prevention, and control of anthrax before it cause devastating effect on wildlife.
Association study of 3-UTR haplotype of HLA-G gene with Lupus
Authors: Chyad Ihsan Alwan , Haghi Mehdi , Feizi Mohammad Ali Hosseinpour , Kondori Mohammad Khalaj , Ardalan Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2023

Background
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a protein that plays a critical role in immune regulation and tolerance. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease that results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Studies have shown that HLA-G polymorphisms and mutations may contribute to the development of SLE.
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms in the 3'-UTR region of the HLA-G gene and SLE.
Methods
DNA was extracted from 100 SLE patients and 100 control samples, and PCR was used to amplify the target sequence. The allele and genotype frequencies were calculated, and haplotypes were evaluated using Haploview v.4.2 software, with linkage disequilibrium calculated.
Results
The results showed that the + 2960 Ins allele was significantly associated with SLE as a risk factor, while the Del allele was protective. The + 3010 C allele and + 3187 A allele were also significantly associated with SLE at both the allele and genotype level. The + 3142 GG homozygote was significantly associated with SLE at the genotype level. Haplotype block analysis found that the UTR-2 haplotypes were significantly associated with SLE as a risk factor, while the UTR-1 haplotype was protective. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic factors contributing to the risk of developing SLE.
Conclusion
The study highlights the significance of polymorphisms in the 3'-UTR region of the HLA-G gene in SLE susceptibility and suggests that these variants may have potential as diagnostic or therapeutic targets.
A General Room Temperature Suzuki−Miyaura Polymerization Process for Organic Electronics
Authors: Xiong Haigen , Lin Qijie , Lu Yu , Zheng Ding , Li Yawen , Wang Song , Xie Wenbin , Li Congqi , Zhang Xin , Lin Yuze , Wang Zhi-Xiang , Shi Qinqin , Huang Hui , Marks Tobin
Published: June 2023

π-conjugated polymers (CPs) have broad applications in high-performance optoelectronics, energy storage, sensors, and biomedicine. However, developing green and efficient methods to precisely synthesize well-defined CP structures on a large scale remains challenging and critical for their industrialization. Here, a room-temperature, scalable, homogeneous Suzuki − Miyaura-type polymerization methodology is reported with broad generality validated for 24 CPs including donor − donor, donor − acceptor, and acceptor − acceptor connectivity classes, and consistently yielding device-quality polymers with molecular masses greater than 100.0 kDa. Furthermore, the present polymerization protocol significantly reduces homocoupling structural defects, yielding more structurally regular and higher performance electronic materials and opto-electronic devices than in conventional thermally-activated polymerizations. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that a borate-transmetalation process plays a key role in suppressing protodeboronation, which is critical for large scale structural regularity. Thus, these results provide a general polymerization tool for mass producing device-quality CPs with well-defined structural regularity.
Management of peritoneal carcinomatosis from appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma by cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: Experience on 48 patients from a single center
Authors: Jiao Jie , Li Chengzhen , Yu Guanying , Liu Zhenpeng , Zhang Lei , Shi Xiaoyan , Yan Jingdu , Zhang Houjun , Shi Jingbo , Guo Peiming
Published: June 2023

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the treatment of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 48 cases of PC with mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma treated with CRS + HIPEC were retrospectively analyzed. The study indices included survival, perioperative safety, and adverse reactions.Results The peritoneal cancer index (PCI) score ranged from 1 to 39 in the 48 patients with peritoneal cancer of appendix adenocarcinoma, with a median score of 21. The degree of tumor reduction (CC) was 0 to 3, with a median score of 2. The follow-up period ranged from 16 to 44 months. Of the 48 patients, 18 patients (37.5%) died and 30 patients (62.5%) survived. The median survival time was 37 months (95% CI: 26.0-47.9 months). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 78.0%, 60.9%, and 51.4%. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates in patients with PCI ≥ 20 were 63.6%, 43.8%, and 32.8%, respectively, while the patients with PCI < 20 had rates of 95%, 81.8%, and 72.7% (P = 0.0139). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 64.4%, 40.9%, and 40.9% in patients with CC > 1, and 95%, 88.2%, and 69.4% in patients with CC ≤ 1 (P = 0.004). The incidence of perioperative adverse events was 8.3%, including 3 cases of incision infection and 1 case of intestinal anastomotic fistula.Conclusion CRS + HIPEC is feasible and effective in the treatment of patients with peritoneal carcinoma from appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma.
Comparative outcome of short proximal femoral nail versus proximal femoral locking compression plate in the management of unstable trochanteric fractures
Authors: DAS ABHIJIT , G HARIKRISHNAN N , NAMBIAR DEVAN P , CHAKRABORTY INDRAJIT , JHA SOURABH KUMAR , SHIRDINAYAK TIRUPATI SHIVANAND , MONDAL ANINDYA SANKAR
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Trochanteric fractures are mostly due to RTA and falls. Unstable trochanteric fractures include those with a reverse oblique fracture line, intertrochanteric comminution, big posteromedial fragment, subtrochanteric extension, a broken greater trochanter, and lateral cortex breach. As per the AO Classification of intertrochanteric fractures, AO31-2.2, AO31-2.3, AO31-3.1, AO31-3.2, and AO31-3.3 fall under the category of unstable trochanteric fractures. Internal fixation is mandatory to provide early mobilization of patients with partial weight-bearing and prevent further complications.Materials and Methods 43 patients more than 18 years old with unstable trochanteric fractures, less than 3 weeks old trauma were included in the prospective study for 1 year period (1st June 2020 to 31st May 2021). 22 cases were treated with short proximal femoral nail (PFN) and 21 cases were treated with proximal femoral locking compression plate (PFLCP).Results (P < 0.05), mean duration of surgery, blood loss was less in the PFN group (67minutes; 80mL) than PFLCP group (99minutes; 152mL). Union and partial weight-bearing was seen earlier in PFN group (14.1weeks; 10.6weeks) than in PFLCP group (18.7 weeks; 15.8weeks) (P < 0.05). Good-excellent outcome was seen in 100% cases in PFN group and 85.71% cases in PFLCP group. There were 3 cases of delayed union in PFLCP group and 1 in PFN group. 1 PFLCP case had malunion in varus deformity.Conclusion Short PFN is the optimum implant in treatment of unstable trochanteric fractures as it is an intramedullary, load sharing device with short lever arm and hastens biological healing with early ambulation and minimal complications.
Towards a Valid Measure of the Economic Value of Museum Experiences: An example from Finland
Authors: Falk John H. , Claudio Nicole , Myllykoski Mikko , Seppälä Sauli , Sivonen Pauli , Tamminen Jonna
Published: June 2023

This article describes an effort to calculate the public and economic value of museum experiences. A significant feature of the research was its use of outcome metrics grounded in decades of visitor research on the perceived value of visiting a museum. The article lays out the underlying theoretical approach and presents data from a year-long study of visitors to eight Finnish museums. Results showed that museum users perceived that their visit experience resulted in enhanced, durable feelings of personal, intellectual, social and physical well-being, with valuations of the economic benefits of these enhanced feelings of well-being equivalent to €864/visit. As was the case of the eight museums in the study, most museums annually serve tens to hundreds of thousands of visitors, thus annually individual museums create on the order of hundreds of millions of Euros of value for their communities and collectively provide value in the billions of Euros. The findings from this research make it possible for museums to make a more valid and credible case for the significant value they create and for the vital role they play in supporting the public’s well-being.
Ultra-High Photosensitivity of Nb2O5/Si Prepared by DC reactive Magnetron Sputtering Technique
Authors: Hathal Yahya , Ibrahim Isam , Khalaf Mohammed
Published: June 2023

The aim of this work is to prepare Nb2O5 thin films utilizing DC reactive magnetron sputtering in a range of sputtering powers (25, 50, and 75 W) on silicon wafers and quartz substrates. The structure, morphological, optical, and electrical features of the manufactured Nb2O5 thin films were studied with the assistance of an XRD analysis, FE-SEM, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and I-V tests. According to the X-ray diffraction, Nb2O5 is a natural polycrystalline substance with a hexagonal crystal structure. In addition, the images obtained from the FE-SEM revealed that the films are uniformly deposited and that the configuration and size of the nanostructures highly depend on the deposition parameters. On the other hand, from the EDS results, the Nb content increased with increasing DC sputtering power. Furthermore, these thin films were exceptionally responsive to the ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 350 nm, because the optical energy gap in the ultraviolet region was in the middle of 3.73 and 4.47 eV, with a maximum photosensitivity of 514.89% for films prepared at a power of 50 W. Finally, the thin films made of Nb2O5 are well-suited for use in visible-blind ultraviolet (UV) sensors and circuits made of optoelectronics, specifically the ones that work in the area of UV-A region.