bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of post-implantation radiation therapy on dental implant osseointegration in oral cancer patients: a systematic review of literature
Authors: Ramalingam Sundar , Al Bahis Lama Dhafer , Bin Salamah Rahaf Ali , Almutairi Rihan Bader , AlKhalaf Heyam Humood
Published: January 2024

Dental implant placement for functional rehabilitation after oral cancer surgery could be done either before or after radiation therapy (RT). In both of the above scenarios, radiation exposure could affect implant osseointegration and survival. The present review aimed to evaluate the effect of post-implantation RT on osseointegration of dental implants placed in patients treated for oral cancer. A literature search was conducted to identify studies published in English between 2001 and November 2023. Articles reporting about the success of dental implant osseointegration after post-implantation radiotherapy were selected. Data about overall success of osseointegration and with respect to the anatomic site (maxilla, mandible or grafted bone), radiation dose and time-interval between implant placement and radiation exposure were collected and analyzed. Out of 189 articles identified through literature search, 12 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were systematically reviewed. In 403 patients, 1333 dental implants were placed prior to RT, out of which 1223 successfully osseointegrated (91.75%). The implant osseointegration rates in maxilla, mandible and grafted bone were 92.06% (255/277), 95.14% (313/329) and 80% (60/75), respectively. There was no relationship between radiation dose or time-interval and success of implant osseointegration. Based on the present review, it may be concluded that dental implants placed at least 1.5-3 months prior to RT, would successfully osseointegrate without major complications. The native maxilla and mandible are a favored choice for implant placement before radiotherapy, than grafted bone.
Shooting a Moving Target: Choosing Targeting Tools for Social Programs
Authors: Beuermann Diether , Hoffmann Bridget , Stampini Marco , Vargas David , Vera-Cossio Diego A.
Published: January 2024

A key challenge for policymakers is how to design methods to select beneficiaries of social programs when income is volatile and the target population is dynamic. We evaluate a traditional static proxy-means test (PMT) and three policy-relevant alternatives. We use a unique panel dataset of a random sample of households in Colombia's social registry that contains information before, during, and after the 2020 economic crisis. Updating the PMT data does not improve social welfare relative to the static PMT. Relaxing the eligibility threshold reduces the exclusion error, increases the inclusion error, and increases social welfare. A dynamic method that uses data on shocks to estimate a variable component of income reduces exclusion errors and limits the expansion in coverage, increasing social welfare during the economic crisis. We consider these targeting metrics together with the curvature of governments social welfare function and budgetary and political constraints.
El lugar de la Geografía, la Geografía de lugar
Authors:   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, García González Juan Antonio
Published: January 2024

La permanente encrucijada que vive la geografía en el seno de su disciplina es motivo constante de debate en la inmensa mayoría de sus reuniones científicas. Su pérdida de relevancia en todos los niveles del sistema educativo, sumada a la falta de comprensión por parte de la sociedad de su función y utilidad, son algunas de las consecuencias más palpables. La educación pasa por ser una de las vías que todos los expertos recomiendan para afrontar los desafíos en la vida del ser humano. La educación geográfica es una herramienta fundamental para posicionar y revalorizar la inteligencia geográfica entendida está, como la capacidad de una persona para comprender, interpretar y utilizar información geográfica de manera efectiva. El libro “el lugar de la Geografía, la Geografía del Lugar” presenta toda una serie de reflexiones sobre temas de candente actualidad en el devenir de la enseñanza de la disciplina. El lugar tangible como base de la experiencia geográfica: la salida de campo; las geotecnologías y la ubicuidad del lugar geográfico; la educación geográfica en el mundo rural y finalmente, la interdisciplinariedad de la Geografía ante los desafíos actuales, son los ejes vertebradores de las temáticas abordadas. Su principal objetivo es conseguir una enseñanza de la disciplina para lograr una Geografía explicativa cercana, individualizada, vivida, activa y útil.
Promising directions for improving the system of countering bullying and cyberbullying in educational organizations
Authors: Lapenko A. V.
Published: January 2024

In modern conditions, the importance of working to combat bullying and cyberbullying is gradually increasing in connection with the humanization of the educational process and drawing attention to the problems of suicide among children and youth, the problems of shooting and Columbine, which are often associated with bullying in educational institutions. Taking into account its practical relevance, the stated topic attracts considerable attention from theoretical researchers. Thus, the multidisciplinary nature of the topic is clearly reflected in the fact that researchers from the field of pedagogy, psychology, various branches of law, management, sociology and many other fields are addressing the issues of improving the system of combating bullying and cyberbullying. Such a broad study of problems does not always allow for the development of solutions that can minimize the risks associated with bullying and cyberbullying in educational organizations. The author makes an attempt to reflect on the experience and proposals described by domestic researchers and highlight the most promising measures to improve the system of combating bullying and cyberbullying. It is proposed to improve the system of pedagogical work with students by developing in them the communication skills necessary to prevent bullying and cyberbullying. The need to provide psychological support to subjects of the educational process of chatbots is proven to simplify the interaction of representatives of educational organizations and other organizations whose goal is to minimize the risks associated with bullying and cyberbullying.
Terminology of the aerospace industry: systemic and structural features
Authors: Ivanchina O. Yu.
Published: January 2024

This article presents an attempt to describe systemic and structural features of contemporary English-language aerospace terminology. Relevance of this terminological system study is determined by rapid development of aerospace industry. Its terminology is expanding rapidly as well. Specifically, existing terms acquire new conceptual meanings; new concepts appear as well as terms to convey them; concepts and terms from adjacent domains are borrowed; general language words become specialized knowledge units within the framework of specific terminological system. The purpose of this study is to describe systemic features of aerospace terminology from the perspective of basic requirements to terms, as well as to describe structural features of terms in question. Terminological units are subject to linguistic analysis, which can be carried out in a number of ways. To conduct the research aiming at describing aerospace terminology as a system, the author used definitional, structural and statistical methods. The terminological system of the industry in question is based on «genus proximum et differentia specifica» principle. It is also marked by the presence of polysemous, homonymous, and synonymic terms. As for the structural features, there are both monolexemic and polylexemic terms: monolexemic terms cover basic, derived, and compound terms with predominance of simple terms; polylexemic terms comprise two-component, three-component, and multicomponent terms with predominance of two-component terms. Most polylexemic terms have abbreviations. Abbreviations are omnipresent in the aerospace industry terminology: on the one hand, they simplify specialized communication; on the other hand, abbreviations prevent non-specialists from understanding the aerospace discourse.
The Phenomenon and the Notion of Discourse in the Modern Ontology of Language
Authors: Ivanov N. V. , Fedulova M. N.
Published: January 2024

The paper presents a theoretical substantiation of the concept of «discourse» as the most important ontological category in contemporary linguistics. It further explains the semantic evolution of the concept of «discourse» from philosophical scholasticism to modern humanitarian knowledge. The essence of the notion of «discourse» is unveiled through a number of fundamental oppositions in the ontology of the object of linguistics (the language), with the opposition of system and phenomenon, considered as the two sides of the ontology of language, being the most important of them. In each of its sides, the object strives to achieve ontological integrity. Systemic integrity is opposed to the phenomenological totality of language, which is what the notion of «discourse» is about. Systemic integrity in its material aspect relies on a certain sum of elements that are in structural relation to each other and create the structure of language. The discursive integrity of language in its material aspect is based on a speech fact (a word in its speech status, an utterance, a text), which stands in an interpretive relation to (an)other speech fact(s). An intertextual connection arises between speech facts; one fact follows another in a linear-historical sequence. The sum of speech facts constitutes the wholeness of expressive extent of discourse. In its ideal aspect, integrity is subject to the effects of certain semantic constants. As far as the systemic integrity of language is concerned, such a constant is a linguistic function (cognitive, communicative). In its phenomenological integrity, language is governed by the concept, which is the highest semantic setting of discourse, being the intuition of discourse. The two dimensions of integrity are inextricably linked, and complement each other in the general ontology of language. Combining a set of activity-based and sociocultural approaches to language studies, the contemporary paradigm in the development of linguistics can be characterized as phenomenological. The paper is intended for specialists in the field of general theory of language, and history of linguistics.
Analysis of social and economic activity by Togliatti local government in 1991–2005
Authors: Evpalov V. V.
Published: January 2024

The main aim of this article is to analyze the effectiveness of the social and economic activities of the Togliatti local government in 1991–2005. To reveal this aim, author set the following tasks: 1) assessment of the external conditions and historical context that affect the work of the Togliatti local government during the study period; 2) comparison of the effectiveness of social and economic activities of various heads of the Togliatti city administration; 3) introduction of evaluation criteria for the social and economic activities of the city administration; 4) to offer a description of the activities of the Togliatti city administration in 1991–2005; 5) trace the relationship between the efficiency of the administration and the appeals of local residents. There are special historical methods: historical-systemic, problem-chronological, comparative-historical. As a source base, the author used archival data from the Togliatti’s archive, monographs, reviews, problematic articles. The relevance of this research is determined by the new formulation of the problem of local self-government and the relevance of the data obtained. Historical researches of local self-government have practical significance as a theoretical basis for the implementation of social policy of local government. Now, this problem has not yet been sufficiently developed. There are a number of unsystematized researches, who raise only an aspect of the problem and therefore require clarification and additions. The author proved the inconsistency of the social and economic activities of Togliatti city administration. During the crisis of the 1990-ies it was succeeded to avoid the problems of monotowns. In the period from 1991–2000 private enterprises more actively fulfilled their social obligations, which became possible due to external circumstances. From 2000–2005 the social and economic actions of the administration turned out to be short-sighted and even destructive for the population.
Ethno-confessional factor as a discriminatory phenomenon of the southern Chadian people from 1990–2023
Authors: Leon A. W.
Published: January 2024

In this article we will talk about ethnic contradiction which is a common way and always exists in political life, but it almost never appears in their pure form. In many cases it is difficult to separate them from contradictions that arise on religious grounds. As practice shows, ethnicity is often inseparable from religion, which is why the symbiosis of these two phenomena interests us particularly in the discriminatory socio-political phenomenon against the Chadian people of the South. For years a part of the Chadian population of the south, mainly Christian, has seen itself marginalized, several of their villages have been bathed in blood by a confrontation between farmers (Christians) and breeders (Muslims), supported by big military figures who insist on displaying their allegiance to the Idriss Deby clan and his heirs (party in power for 30 years), the killings continue in the southern zone with the macabre blessing of transitional president Mahamat Deby with the logistical support of France.
Educational and methodological enrichment of the learning process of foreign medical students
Authors: Rusakova M. M. , Kushnyr L. A. , Tsarskaya T. S.
Published: January 2024

The process of internationalization and globalization is being actively implemented in domestic higher education, determining the degree of competitiveness of Russian universities. One of the indicators of Russian university participation in this process is the education of foreign students. Today, within the framework of the strategic program in the sphere of higher education policy «Education in Russia» («Обучение в России») more than 30 universities of our country train students from foreign countries. Teaching foreign students actualizes the search for new ways, methods, approaches to their educational process. In this regard, the question of normative-legal and educational-methodological support of the process of teaching foreign students, as well as its regular enrichment is particularly relevant. On the basis of the studied material, the article presents a theoretical substantiation of educational and methodological enrichment of the learning process in higher education by creating and approbation a textbook of a foreign language (English) for foreign students of medical specialty. The features of the composition of the content of the textbook in a foreign language (English) for foreign students of medical specialty are revealed. The significance of the system of exercises, including text-based tasks and lexical task-based tasks, is revealed. The authors’ examples are provided.
Comparing the outcomes of total thyroidectomy using a harmonic scalpel versus the conventional ligation techniques in Iran
Authors: Notash Aidin Yaghoobi , Momen Ali , Sadeghian Ehsan , Molavi Rozhina
Published: January 2024

Background: Maintaining hemostasis is considered a remarkable challenge during total thyroidectomy. The use of thermal ultrasonic electrocoagulation (harmonic scalpel) for total thyroidectomy was recently introduced to substitute the conventional ligation methods. However, controversies exist on the efficacy of this technique compared to the classic method.
Methods: The data regarding this prospective cohort study was gathered between March 2019 to March 2020. Ninety participants were enrolled in the study. Forty-five subjects received harmonic scalpel ligation and the other forty-five participants underwent conventional total thyroidectomy. Afterward, these two groups were statistically compared regarding surgical time, postoperative hypocalcemia, drainage volume, postoperative pain, hospital stay, and recurrent nerve damage.
Results: No significant difference was detected in the group undergoing harmonic ligation concerning postoperative pain, postoperative hospital stay, drainage volume, and postoperative hypocalcemia in the first 48 hours post-operation. However, using a harmonic scalpel significantly reduced the surgical time (56 ± 2 minutes in the harmonic scalpel group versus 67 ± 9 in the conventional technique group, p < 0.001). Also, no recurrent nerve damage was detected in the study.
Conclusions: Utilizing a harmonic scalpel has a remarkably higher time efficacy in total thyroidectomy. However, the study suggests no further advantage for this method compared to the conventional techniques in total thyroidectomy.
Comparison of the efficacy Talc solution injection through Chest Tube and Talcum Powder through Pleuroscopy for the Treatment of Malignant Pleural Effusion: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Taghizadeh Nima , Ershadi Reza , Notash Aidin Yaghoobi , Molavi Behnam , Abdgah Ali Ghorbani , Kandovan Mahsa Najafi
Published: January 2024

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the different outcomes and response rates of talc powder injection via chest tube and talc spray through thoracoscopy in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion in patients.
Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, patients with malignant pleural effusion, who were hospitalized in the surgery and hematology-oncology departments of Shariati and Imam Khomeini Hospitals, were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: chest tube and pleuroscopy, using simple randomization. The mean and standard deviation, frequency and percentage, independent sample t-tests, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests were used for data analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: No significant difference was observed between the two groups in the incidences of chest pain, fever, and both symptoms (p > 0.05). The treatment success rates among the chest tube and pleuroscopy cases were 83.3% and 100%, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.05). Among the five patients who had a recurrence, four (80%) had lung cancer, and one (20%) had liver cancer, and this difference was significant (P = 0.003). Regarding the rate of response to the treatment according to the side with effusion, among the people who had a relapse, two people (40%) had right-sided effusion, and three others (60%) had left-sided effusion (P = 0.623).
Conclusions: Both techniques were safe, had minor side effects, were transient, and easy to manage. However, the recurrence of the disease in the thoracoscopic pleurodesis method was significantly less than in the chest tube.
Unveiling the Hidden Peril: A Rare Case of Gossypiboma in an Elderly Woman
Authors: G Vinay H , N Naveen , M P Ramprashanth
Published: January 2024

Background: Revolutionary developments in the surgical field have led to a comparative reduction in surgeryassociated complications than in the past. However, some complications, which directly indicate surgeon’s negligence, should not be underestimated. Gossypibomas, a rare but horrifying complication of surgeries, occur when cotton foreign bodies are retained in the patient and are only discovered after long periods of time.
Methods: A 46-year-old diabetic anemic female, with a previous history of operative management for cancer of the cervix (stage IA2), presented with features suggesting sub-acute intestinal obstruction.
Results: Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) of the abdomen revealed a linear hyper-attenuating string-like structure in the distal bowel loop, suggesting a Retained Foreign Body. The patient was immediately taken up for exploratory laparotomy, and the retained foreign body was removed.
Conclusions: Although the diagnosis of Gossypibomas can be challenging at times, it is imperative to manage patients with this rare complication swiftly and precisely to prevent permanent future disabilities. Young surgeons should be made aware of the legal consequences of such a dreaded complication and should anticipate the diagnosis in bizarre surgical circumstances.
Investigation of the Effects of Age-Related Changes in the Vestibular System on Balance: A Review
Authors: KÖSEOĞLU Aygül , ALTUNOK Mehmet Kaan , KETHÜDAOĞLU Mustafa Oğuz , AYDIN Suzan , ALBAYRAK Havva Ezgi , GÖÇEN Hande Besna , ÖZSEZİKLİ Bülent Abut
Published: January 2024

The vestibular system (VS) undertakes vital tasks for the survival of the individual by perceiving the movement of the head according to gravity and adjusting on balance, autonomic function, spatial perception, and orientation. In addition to being the first system to develop in the intrauterine period, the VS continues to develop with childhood. Although the onset time varies depending on various factors, it is known that VS degenerates with aging. It has also been shown in the literature that the number of sensory vestibular hair cells decreases by approximately 6% per decade from birth to old age. In addition, neurons in the vestibular nuclei are known to decrease by about 3% per decade between the ages of 40 and 90. These age-related changes in VS may cause dizziness, loss of balance, unsteady gait, increased falls and even agitation, loneliness, and loss of self-confidence in elderly individuals. In addition, it is reported in the literature that falls due to vestibular disorder are among the third to tenth leading causes of death among older adults. In this sense, it is very important to determine age-related VS dysfunctions in the healthy aging action plans of the health systems of the countries and in the development of strategies to prevent age-related falls. At the same time, it is very valuable for physiotherapists working in the field of geriatric rehabilitation to know well the age-related changes of VS and its effects on balance in the creation of possible vestibular rehabilitation programs. We think that virtual reality applications applied in addition to vestibular rehabilitation for vestibular disorders are promising, especially hearing problems in the elderly population should not be overlooked and hearing aids should be prescribed if needed.
Present Status, Constraints and Potentials of Mud-crab Culture in West Bengal
Authors: Dana S.S. , Mazumder C. , Sau S. , Karjee R. , Sarkar M. Ray
Published: January 2024

Background: Mud crab (Scylla serrata) farming offers better prospects for all sections of rural people, particularly those who have a poor land base and an abundant labour force. It offers reliable incomes to both small and large farming operations, but there are several barriers to crab farming that limit its potential. Methods: The present study was conducted in three randomly selected villages of Gosaba block in the South 24-Parganas district of West Bengal, which has the highest concentration of crab farmers. Three villages from the Lahiripur Gram Panchayat area of Gosaba block were selected by simple random sampling without replacement technique. A total of 60 crab farmers were randomly selected for the present study. Data were collected with the help of a specially constructed structured interview schedule and non-participant observational technique. Result: The findings of the study showed that the majority (61.67%) of the respondents practiced traditional crab culture techniques and 83.33 per cent preferred the November-February months of the year as an ideal time for crab farming. A good number of respondents (68.33%) reported that they collected seeds from wild sources, i.e., swamps and deserted water bodies. It was conspicuous from the present study that the majority of the respondents used Puntias sp. as supplementary feed. The major diseases of crabs in the study area were ulcers on carapace, necrosis of appendages and fungal diseases and they applied lime and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) to get rid of these diseases. Lack of crab seeds emerged as a prime constraint, followed by marketing problems, transport problems, credit problems and problems related to diseases.
PREMARITAL COUNSELING; MODEL KONSELING PRA NIKAH MEMBENTUK KELUARGA SAKINAH, MAWADDAH, WA RAHMAH
Authors: Muallifah Muallifah , Sa'diyah Elok Halimatus , Muhayani Ulfah
Published: January 2024

Every married couple definitely wants a harmonious, happy and sakinah, mawaddah and rahmah household. The quality of marriage that achieves harmony and happiness has an impact on the psychological well-being of children, the optimal development of children's potential and the achievement of a sakinah household. Conversely, when the family is not harmonious, it can lead to divorce, and the psychological condition of the child is shaken. This study aims to determine the model of premarital counselling given to prospective bridal couples. This study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach which was carried out on several KUA marriage assistant counsellors. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews and FGD (focus group discussion). Stages of data analysis through; (1) The researcher begins by thoroughly describing his experience, (2) grouping the data into meaningful units, the researcher details and writes a textual description of his experience, (3) reflects on his thoughts and uses imaginative variations (imaginative variation), (4) construct all explanations about the meaning and essence of the subject's experience. The research results obtained: (1). Premarital Counseling (premarital counselling) is an obligation for prospective married couples, (2) the need for the implementation of Premarital Counseling to be carried out intensively to increase happiness, (3) premarital counselling as an alternative step to minimize Divorce rates and Preventive Marriage Problems.
PROPHET AS LOGOS: A Perennial Philosophy Perspective on the Metaphysical Roots of Prophethood
Authors: Subhi Mohammad , Hakim Lukman
Published: January 2024

The article studies the metaphysical roots of prophethood from the perspective of perennial philosophy. The main problem discussed here is what is meant by “prophet as logos”. The discussion is around the principles of metaphysic which is typical of perennial philosophy. Employing library research included in qualitative methodology, the study delves into the key texts of perennial philosophers about prophethood. The primary data were taken and interpreted from the masterpieces of the renowned perennial philosophers: Frithjof Schuon, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, and William Stoddart. The secondary data were from relevant literature from books and articles. The study reveals that prophet is a reflection of the Absolute which is the seed of the universe (cosmological function), the saver (prophetic function), and the guide (initiative function) of humans. In Islam system, the “prophet as logos” is represented by Muhammad. Physically, he is just a man delegated by Allah, meanwhile spiritually, Muhammad is the “logos”.
Determining the Strategic Value of Applied Analytics in Mission-Driven Organizations
Authors: Jackson Ross A , Heath Brian L
Published: January 2024

Analytics is having a moment socially and organizationally. The promise of analytics in terms of insights and efficiencies is alluring. Making rational investments in this capability requires determining its value. Such a determination, while never easy, is simplified when profit can be the metric of focus. This enables businesses to make this investment like they typically do. The situation is more complex for mission-driven organizations, that can be either for-profit or nonprofit. Without a focus on profit, mission-driven organizations benefit from assessing the value of analytics more holistically. In the process, synergy, solidarity, and efficacy emerge as points to consider when determining the strategic value of analytics.
The Feminist Ethics of Care: How to Implement it in Spain
Authors: Puig Ana Marrades
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 crisis has dramatically demonstrated the extreme vulnerability of the human being and the importance of care within the framework of a social state. This crisis has also brought pre-existing inequalities to light, showing that it is mainly women who continue to take up the tasks of care as they have always done. Indeed, care work has always been carried out by women and this dedication has contributed to diminishing the exercise of other rights, so it is essential to take on the tasks of care by the family, society and the state in a co-responsible manner. The purpose of this work is to highlight this need and to make proposals to improve the care system. Method: The methodology used is qualitative, based on theoretical discussions, consisting of investigating the context of the feminist ethics of care and the framework of feminist economics, using the most important recent sources and proposals from a feminist perspective and epistemology. Findings: The lack of a constitutional right to care in the Spanish Constitution is affecting other rights of the caregivers, mostly women, and therefore it threatens equality. The proposal of a right to care, and the value of care as the foundation of the social state of the law, could contribute to protecting those rights, adding guarantees for the rightsholders: both those who receive care and those who provide it.
Taxing Big Tech Vs Regulating Them: A Public Finance Comparison of Digital Services Taxes
Authors: Listokin Siona
Published: January 2024

This article explores the potential efficacy of a hypothetical digital advertising tax as an alternative approach to comprehensive data legislation that governs consumer data collection. It explores whether such a tax could effectively serve many of the same objectives as regulatory measures. The article focuses on analyzing the public finance characteristics of such a tax, aiming to assess its efficiency and impact on different stakeholders. The study investigates how taxes could potentially mitigate some of the more severe privacy and social risks associated with an economy driven by digital advertising, in comparison to the regulatory frameworks currently under consideration in the U.S. Congress. In addition, a “privacy emissions” tax may be more efficient than regulation that depends on agency investigations and fines, as firm activities can be heterogeneous and opaque and privacy legislation has stalled in the U.S. Congress. The tax model is applied to recent digital services taxes passed in Maryland and the EU.
Pro-Poor Growth: Concept, Challenges, and Policy Implications in Global Economic Development
Authors: Bostanli Lu
Published: January 2024

This paper explores the concept of pro-poor growth (PPG) in the context of global economic development. It examines the shift in development goals from solely focusing on economic growth to considering the well-being of the poor. The paper highlights the complex relationship between growth, poverty reduction, and inequality, emphasizing the need for both poverty reduction and equitable distribution of benefits. The emerging consensus acknowledges that “growth alone is a rather blunt tool for poverty reduction,” leading to the concept of PPG. However, there is no consistent definition of PPG, with various interpretations and measurement approaches offered by different studies. This paper aims to provide an overview of the concept, discussing definitions, key concepts, and policy implications. Through a review of the existing literature, it addresses the research questions regarding the definition of PPG and how to promote it through appropriate policies. The paper concludes by offering policy recommendations based on empirical evidence from country cases. The findings contribute to the understanding of PPG and its implications for inclusive and sustainable development.
Shadow Education in Hong Kong: the Effects of Backwash on Hong Kong Secondary Students
Authors: Ho Richard Cheng Ching
Published: January 2024

Shadow education is a widely discussed topic in Asian countries since this is a popular way of learning for students. In Asian society, parents have invested a lot of money into shadow education, and they hope that their children can stay competitive or climb up the social ladder by getting good grades in public exams. Shadow education becomes a method that some people believe can help students to perform well in the exam, but is this true? In this paper, the focus is on the backwash effects of shadow education, and whether shadow education can help students to perform well in the exam. 12 secondary school students in this study expressed that shadow education can help them in their public exams and it has some positive effects on their overall exam grades. However, there are only a few studies focused on the effects of shadow education on students’ exam performance, and it seems that this area has not been completely discussed in the field of shadow education. As a result, this study hopes to contribute to backwash in shadow education, and whether it can help students to improve their grades in the public exam.
Digital Currencies and The Monetary System: Review and Issues
Authors: Ogun Oluremi
Published: January 2024

This paper is a review article on digitalization, generating issues from the discourse. The place of digital currencies in the contemporary world of banking and commerce was discussed, and so were their attractiveness and variants in the emergent trend. The evolution and the conditions for the effectiveness of digitalization, differentiated policy goals of the various central bank digital currency projects as well as the regulatory and supervisory authorities were articulated and highlighted. Three competing models of central bank digital currency concerning the allocation of the functions of issuance, the validity of transactions, ledger update, user interface, user data and customer service were identified and distinguished by the different involvement of the central bank, commercial banks and the private sector in the functions identified. The choice of optimal technology underpinning the central bank digital currency was justified. The characteristics and functions of the various central bank digital currency designs were identified and discussed. Actual and potential challenges of the various central bank digital currencies gave insights into the present and possibly the future operating procedure of the central bank digital currencies. Perceived potential risks of central bank digital currency on commercial banks, financial stability and monetary policy as well as the likely combating measures would shape the future of the monetary system. However, the drivers of the reserve currency status would most likely remain unchanged. Central bank digital currency could offer the opportunity to address the challenges of cross-border payments.
Self-Study with Online Platforms: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Xu Wei , Liu Ziqing
Published: January 2024

This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of eight prominent online self-study platforms, namely Studyverse, Study Together, Bilibili, Twitch, Costudy, Lemon Study Room, Forest, and Flipd. Through the examination of the functions, characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of online self-study platforms within their respective categories, this study seeks to address a research gap in comprehensive comparative studies of online self-study platforms. Each platform is analyzed in terms of its functionalities, social elements, gamification features, and personalization options. A comprehensive understanding of the landscape of online self-study platforms is provided by the findings of this study and empowers individuals to make informed choices based on their specific learning requirements and preferences. It can provide suggestions on enhancing self-study experiences in the digital age as well as implications about how to facilitate optimal platform selection for learners in the digital age.
Utilizing Desserts Inherited from Chinese Culture as a Method of Promoting Self-Esteem at Wat Bot Woradit
Authors: Sukjairungwattana Paisan
Published: January 2024

This study identifies the factors that affect the self-esteem promotion of orphans at Bot Woradit Temple in Pa Mok District, Ang Thong Province, and develops and determines the quality of self-esteem promotion for orphans at this temple. Accordingly, it tries and evaluates this model by utilizing snacks derived from Chinese culture to build self-esteem as part of it. The results of this study will be used to develop strategies to improve the self-esteem of orphans in the Pa Mok District and beyond. Data were collected using questionnaires from 30 orphans living in Wat Bot Woradit, Pa Mok District, Ang Thong Province. The results indicated that the using of desserts inherited from Chinese culture improved the orphans’ self-esteem significantly. Incorporating Chinese desserts into the diet of orphans and participating in their preparation were effective methods for improving their self-esteem. Implications are that if this trend is followed, it can potentially lead to improvements in mental health, social well-being, and overall quality of life for the orphans.
Editorial
Authors: Nunes César
Published: January 2024

A Revista Filosofia e Educação (RFE UNICAMP) já contabiliza mais de uma década de existência institucional, notabilizando-se por variadas e pluralistas publicações na área da Filosofia e da Educação. Vincula-se à Linha de Pesquisa (06) Filosofia e História da Educação, que compõe o corolário do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Educação da UNICAMP. Nos últimos quatro anos passou a representar, mais especificamente, a produção e a vida institucional do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Filosofia e Educação PAIDEIA, um grupo de investigação com mais de 23 anos de atuação institucional, epistemológica e política, na área da Filosofia e da Educação.
A Exploratory Study on the Postures of Social Policy Decision-Maker: In Connection with Interpretation of Four Hexagrams of Hardship in 「the Book of Change」 from the Standpoint of the Social Policy
Authors:   The Association of Korea Counseling Psychology Education Welfare, YANG Jung-Ha , LEE So-Yoon
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to indentify the postures of the social policy decision-makerwhich require in solving the most difficult social problems such as four hexagrams of hardshipin the Books of Change. For the purpose, this study has used the study framework with theaspects such as the situation of social policy, the behavior of social policy decision-maker andthe prospect of social policy which was explored through revising and supplementing theexisting study framework. The posttures of the desirable social policy decision-maker indentifiedin this study are such as followings. First, the social policy decision-maker must sufficientlyunderstand the situation of social policy. Second, the social policy decision-maker mustpositively use allied experts in order to solve the situation of social policy. Third, the socialpolicy decision-maker must make sure that the inplementing social policy will be succeeded. The Book of Change contains the useful contents about the desirable statures of social policydecision-maker related with solving the situation of social policy. Therefore the Book of Changemust be the human heritage to be newly highlighted and actively utilized in the fields of socialwelfare or social policy.
Classification of Latent Profile of Decent Work and Meaningful Work among Women Helping Professionals
Authors:   The Association of Korea Counseling Psychology Education Welfare, YOU Jeong-Min , HA Gyu-Young
Published: January 2024

Based on the Psychology of Work Theory (PWT), this study aimed to investigate the influenceof personal and contextual factors on subgroup categorization based on experiences of decentwork and work meaning among 345 female helping professionals. The primary researchfindings are as follows: First, latent profile analysis identified four groups regarding decent workand work meaning, categorized as ‘not decent but meaningful work’, ‘decent and meaningfulwork’, ‘ordinary work’, and ‘not decent and meaningless work’. Second, personal and contextualfactors significantly affected the predictive elements of the latent profiles, displaying variedimpacts across these groups. It holds significance in providing an overall examination of theworkplace, particularly in elucidating practical recommendations for fostering more decent andmeaningful work.
Catalyst-free decarboxylative alkylation: access to quaternary center
Authors: Cai Lulan , Li Fang , Wang Shuting , Xu Wentao
Published: January 2024

The formation of C(sp3)−C(sp3) bonds has received continuous attention in organic synthesis, and the focus on versatile alkyl precursors remains constant. In our work, prevalent amines and carboxylic acids successfully serve as alkyl sources to construct C(sp3)−C(sp3) bonds via decarboxylative deamination. The catalyst-free decarboxylative alkylation reaction provides alternative access to the quaternary center. Primary mechanistic experiments suggest that it undergoes a polar mechanism.
Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Smartphone Addiction pada Mahasiswa Profesi Ners di Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Lainsamputty Ferdy , Sanger Ailine Yoan
Published: January 2024

Background: Smartphone users are currently growing rapidly. The majority of them are student. Lockdown may trigger the increase of smartphone addiction during pandemic.  
Objective: The study aim was to determine factors related to smarthphone addiction among professional nursing students in time of COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: A descriptive correlational design with cross-sectional approach was applied with 106 students selected using consecutive sampling technique. The study questionnaire was Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). Statistical tests used were independent t-test, one-way Anova, and Pearson correlation.
Results: There were significant differences of smartphone addiction score based on reason to study nursing (t=-2,95; p<0,01) and purpose to use smartphone (F=2,79; p=0,03). Smartphone addiction was correlated significantly with age (r=-0,31; p<0,01) and duration of smartphone use (r=0,29; p<0,01).
Conclusion: Most of the participants were addicted to smartphone. Younger students, choosing nursing education from external direction, using longer duration of smartphone, tended to overuse this device.
Seeking Substantive Justice: The Progressive Spirit of Law on Sexual Violence Crimes
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Fauzia Ana , Hamdani Fathul , Ghani Nurhayati Binti Abdul
Published: January 2024

Sexual violence is a massive phenomenon that occurs in society. Sexual violence occurs in various places in Indonesia, including educational institutions. Massive sexual violence made the government and the House of Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR) pass the Law on Sexual Violence Crimes (Indonesian: Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual, abbreviated as TPKS Law). The TPKS Law is oriented as an effort to prevent and overcome criminal acts of sexual harassment. This study aims to analyze the progressive orientation of the TPKS Law, including how the TPKS Law can provide and present substantive justice in society. This research is normative legal research that seeks to discuss and analyze legal products in the form of laws. The approach in this research is a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The results of the study confirm that the TPKS Law is a law with a responsive character in the form of a progressive orientation related to preventive approaches to prevent sexual violence and the need for policies and mechanisms in each institution to prevent as well as crack down on sexual violence, the need for regular socialization and understanding of sexual violence in each institution, community, transparent, consistent, and conscientious enforcement of criminal law related to sexual violence, and the need for other mechanisms related to efforts to ensure healing and fulfillment of rights for victims of sexual violence.
PENGARUH EMO DEMO TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU SERTA KERAGAMAN MAKAN BALITA DI DESA LANGENSARI, BANTEN
Authors: Haryono Shelse Gustima , Maulida Nursyifa Rahma , Ashari Chica Riska
Published: January 2024

Factors influencing stunting is complementary feeding practices which related to dietary diversity. Dietary Diversity has been documented as an indicator of adequate intake and associated with nutritional status. Nutrition education are needed to provide information through increase the knowledge, attitude, and feeding practices. Emotional demonstration (EMO-DEMO) as a participatory intervention approach in conveying information has become a purpose of the study to see the effect of intervention in Langensari Village, Banten. Pre-experimental with one group pre-post-test was a design of this study. The sample of respondent was 50 mothers who had a children aged 6-59 months. Simple random sampling was a technical method in collecting sample. The Wilcoxon Rank test was used to see the effect of knowledge, attitudes and feeding practices before and after the intervention. The result showed that there were a significant difference on knowledge, attitude, and feeding practices before and after intervention (p=0.000). Dietary Diversity Scores as an indicator of feeding practices found that there was an increase in the median score. Before the intervention, only 3 food groups were consumed by the children and became 4 food groups after the intervention. Emo demo has an effect on changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour. This approach not only provides health related information, but also evokes the respondent’s feelings and emotions. So that, emo demo was encouraging them to change the behaviour especially on feeding practices with using dietary diversity scores.
An Analysis of Prize Money Distributions in Snooker
Authors: Hordijk Wim
Published: January 2024

Four decades of snooker rankings are analyzed in terms of prize money distributions. In particular, it is investigated how much these rankings are dominated by the top players, and also by players from the UK. The main conclusions are: (1) with an increasing amount of available prize money, the rankings are less dominated by the top players, and (2) players from the UK have historically earned a significantly larger share of the available prize money than could be reasonably expected based on the actual percentage of UK players.
Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation to Improve Emotional States
Authors: Aranberri Ruiz Ainara
Published: January 2024

Emotional experiences are a part of our lives. The maladaptive functioning of an individual's emotional field can lead to emotional disturbances of various kinds, such as anxiety and depression. Currently, there is an increasing prevalence of emotional disorders that cause great human suffering and high socio-economic costs. Emotional processing has a biological basis. The major neuroscientific theories of emotion are based on biological functioning, and all of them take into account the anatomy and function of the tenth cranial nerve: the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve connects the subdiaphragmatic and supradiaphragmatic areas and modulates emotional processing as the basis of interoceptive functioning. Auricular vagus nerve stimulation is a new and innovative neuromodulation technique based on the function of the vagus nerve. Several interventions have shown that this new neurostimulation technique is a very promising resource for treating emotional disorders. In this paper, we summarise three neuroscientific theories of emotion, explain what transauricular vagus nerve stimulation is, and present arguments for its use and continued research.