bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Державні напрями підтримки та стимулювання органічного виробництва
Authors: Balian  A. V. , Gryshova  I. Yu. , Shabatura  T. S.
Published: November 2020

Зростаюча невизначеність, спричинена пандемією COVID-19, здійснила безпрецедентний негативний вплив на економіку України. Існує невідкладна необхідність розробки та прийняття на рівні держави дієвих заходів щодо підтримки та стимулювання розвитку органічного виробництва як екологічно-, соціально-, так і економічно-доцільного сектору для національної економіки.
Метою статті є обґрунтування державних напрямків підтримки та стимулювання органічного виробництва в Україні в умовах дії надзвичайної ситуації.
Наукова новизна полягає в наданні рекомендацій щодо державних напрямків, орієнтованих на підтримку та стимулювання розвитку органічного виробництва з метою підвищення якості продовольчих продуктів, раціональне використання земельних ресурсів та охорону навколишнього природного середовища.
Висновки. З метою активізації діяльності у сфері органічного виробництва пріоритетними напрямками державної підтримки та стимулювання визначено: створення Агроекологічних кластерів, розвиток яких сприятиме вирішенню питання активізації можливостей особистих підсобних господарств у виробництві органічної продукції; надання для сільського населення необхідних преференцій, які стимулюватимуть їх до створення та розвитку органічного бізнесу; удосконалення фінансової підтримки фермерських господарств, які є головними виробниками органічної продукції; розробка модельної цільової програми диверсифікації господарської діяльності сільських регіонів з урахуванням зміни клімату; формування інформаційно-консультативної платформи, з метою інформування товаровиробників щодо ефективності впровадження прогресивних технологій, спрямованих на енерго-, ресурсо- і вологозбереження; розробка інвестиційних механізмів, орієнтованих на впровадження інфраструктурних інновацій з урахуванням викликів сьогодення.
Реалізація означених державних напрямків сприятиме не лише формуванню позитивного іміджу країни як виробника високоякісної органічної продукції, а стане платформою для створення нових робочих місць на сільських територіях, окреслюватиме нові можливості розвитку для малого й середнього агробізнесу та сприятиме нарощенню експортних обсягів готової органічної продукції, а не лише її сировини.
ANALISIS DETERMINAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT MALARIA DI KECAMATAN KUTAMBARU TAHUN 2017
Authors: Sitepu Rahmadani , Lukito Alamsyah , Tarigan Elaninanivi
Published: November 2020

Malaria adalah penyakit yang menyerang manusia, burung, kera dan primata lainnya, hewan melata dan hewan pengerat yang disebabkan oleh infeksi protozoa dari genus plasmodium. Kejadian atau penularan penyakit menular ditentukan oleh faktor-faktor risiko/determinan yang disebut host, agent, dan environment. Dalam penelitian akan menggunakan penelitian analitik dengan desain case control, Penelitian ini bersifat retrospektif yaitu rancang bangun dengan melihat kebelakang tentang suatu kejadian yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kesakitan yang diteliti saat ini. Penilitaan ini dilakukan di kecamatan kutambaru dengan melihat determinan / faktor risiko terjadinya malaria Dengan tingkat kepercayan 95% dan α = 5%, hasil P<0,05. Hasil analisis data diperoleh faktor risiko kebersihan terhadap kejadian Malaria p=0,003, Odds Ratio= 3,852 dengan Confidence Interval (CI) = 1,574-9,428. Temperatur p=0,025, Odds Ratio= 2,833, Genangan air p=0,011 dan Odds Ratio= 3,063, Penggunaan Kelambu p=0,350 (p>0,05), Pengunaan obat anti nyamuk p=0,033, Kebiasaan keluar rumah pada malam hari p=0,055, faktor Umur p=0,392 dan Odds Ratio= 1,444, Jenis kelamin terhadap Malaria p=0,831 dan Odds Ratio= 1,095. Pada penelitian ini variabel yang menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya malaria adalah kebersihan, temperatur, genangan air, kelambu, anti nyamuk, keluar rumah, umur dan jenis kelamin. Untuk mendapat faktor mana yang paling dominan dengan terjadinya Malaria  maka variabel tersebut diuji secara bersama-sama dengan dilakukan uji regresi logistik berganda dengan menggunakan metode enter. Ada dua variabel yang memiliki p< 0,025 yaitu kebersihan dan genangan air, sehingga diperoleh masing-masing odds ratio 4,402 dan 3,562. Saran untuk penelitian ini berguna bagi Dinas kesehatan, Institusi dan peneliti.
PENGARUH KOMBINASI PIJAT OKSITOSIN DAN ENDHORPIN MASSAGE TERHADAP INVOLUSI UTERUS PADA IBU POST PARTUM DI BPS DESY ANDRIANI,S.TR.KEB BANDAR LAMPUNG TAHUN 2018
Authors: Melinawati Ani
Published: November 2020

Selama masa nifas alat-alat internal maupun eksternal berangsur-angsur kembali seperti keadaan sebelum hamil. Perubahan keseluruhan alat genetalia ini disebut Involusi (Dewi,2011). Komplikasi nifas adalah proses involusi uterus yang tidak berjalan dengan baik (subinvolusi uterus) dapat menyebabkan perdarahan hingga kematian ibu. Salah satu cara untuk mempercepat involusi uterus yaitu dengan melakukan kombinasi pijat oksitosin dan endhorpin massage. Kombinasi pijat ini dapat merangsang hormon oksitosin yang menyebabkan kontraksi uterus sehingga proses involusi bisa berjalan normal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi pijat iksitosin dan endhorpin massage terhadap perubahan involusi uterus pada ibu post partum di BPS Desy Andriani, S.Tr.Keb Bandar Lampung Tahun 2018Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantiatif dengan metode praeksperimen menggunakan pendekatan Static Group Comporison. Populasi dalam peneliian ini adalah 60 responden ibu Post Partum. Sampel dalam peneltian ini diambil melaui cara Accidental sampling,sampel berjumlah 40 orang yang terdiri dari 20 orang ebagai responden yang di intervensi dan 20 orang sebagai variabel kontrol. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berpa lembar observasi untuk mengamati penurunan fundus uteri pada hari ke 4 post partum. Analisis ang digunakan adalah analisa unvariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan u Independent T-Test.Hasil penelitian ini didapatka uji statistik nilai rata-rata involusi uterus pada ibu post patum dari 20 responden yang diberikan kombinasi pijat oksitosin dan endhorpin massage adalah 0,80 sedangkan nilai rata-rata involusi uterus pada ibu postpartum dari 20 responden yang tidak diberikam massage adalah 1,25 dengan p-value  =  0,020  <  0,05.  Berdasarkan  uji  statistik  tersebut  dapat  disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh kombinasi pijat oksitosin dan endhorpin massage terhadap involus uterus pada ibu post partum. Saran dari penelitian ini bidan dapat melakukan pemberian kombinasi pijat oksitosin dan endhorpin massage pada ibu post  partum  untuk  membantu  mempercepat  involusi  uterus  sehingga meningkatkan mutu pelayanan.
How the Botswana International University of Science and Technology Library Engages its Stakeholders in Connecting Information Resources, Services, and Space
Authors: Lebele Ayanda  Agnes
Published: November 2020

In the quest to develop more innovative customer-focused library services, the Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST) Library embarked on the development of robust initiatives that involved the engagement of various stakeholders. The emerging consultative and engaging trend is premised on the key values of facilitating access to information and demand-driven inclusive library services.

The paper presents how the BIUST Library engages stakeholders in the development of multiple and flexible opportunities to access and use information. In doing so, it describes the recreation of internal library structures, space, and processes in a way that accommodates and demonstrates the categories and functional roles of different types of library stakeholders. The paper further points to how the stakeholders’ cultures and systems create a divide or imbalance in the access and usage of library services. The paper also argues for a need to define library stakeholders and develop engagement strategies that are entity and initiative specific.
Cultivating Civility
Authors: Matesic Maura
Published: November 2020

Book Review
Inhibition of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1 severely suppresses human hematopoiesis
Authors: Bohler Sheila , Afreen Sehar , Fernandez-Orth Juncal , Demmerath Eva-Maria , Molnar Christian , Wu Ying , Weiss Julia Miriam , Mittapalli Venugopal Rao , Konstantinidis Lukas , Schmal Hagen , Kunze Mirjam , Erlacher Miriam
Published: November 2020

BH3-mimetics inhibiting anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins represent a novel and promising class of antitumor drugs. While the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax is already approved by the Food and Drug Administration, BCL-XL and MCL-1 inhibitors are currently in early clinical trials. To predict side effects of therapeutic MCL-1 inhibition on the human hematopoietic system, we used RNA interference and the small molecule inhibitor S63845 on cord blood-derived CD34+ cells. Both approaches resulted in almost complete depletion of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. As a consequence, maturation into the different hematopoietic lineages was severely restricted and CD34+ cells expressing MCL-1 shRNA showed a very limited engraftment potential upon xenotransplantation. In contrast, mature blood cells survived normally in the absence of MCL-1. Combined inhibition of MCL-1 and BCL-XL resulted in synergistic effects with relevant loss of colony-forming hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells already at inhibitor concentrations of 0.1 mM each, indicating “synthetic lethality” of the two BH3- mimetics in the hematopoietic system.
Evaluation of new selection forms of guelder rose (Viburnum opulus L.) on ecological and economically valuable traits
Authors:   The Institute  of Horticulture of the National Academy  of Agrarian Sciences  of Ukraine, Moskalets V. , Moskalets T. , Barat Yu. ,   The Institute  of Horticulture of the National Academy  of Agrarian Sciences  of Ukraine, Ovezmyradova O. ,   Polissia National University, Nevmerzhitska O. ,   Polissia National University
Published: November 2020

It has been shown that an alternative source of many food components are fruit plants, in particular, Sorbus aucuparia L., Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott, Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Cydonia oblonga Mill., Viburnum opulus L., Cornus mas L. and others. Their raw materials are a source of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and other vital nutrients necessary for the normal maintenance of metabolic processes in the human body. The article focuses on the shortage of genetic resources of Viburnum opulus L., which would meet the requirements of mechanized harvesting, are characterized by high environmental adaptability, as well as meet the requirements of the processing and food industries for consumer quality for the production of functional and health products. New selection forms of Viburnum opulus L. (Strumkova, Horikhova, Krasunya) are characterized by economically valuable traits, morpho-biological traits and properties and biochemical indicators. It is shown that the new forms of guelder rose Strumkova and Krasunya, given the high yields (7.7 and 12.7 kg / plant, respectively) and consumer quality of fruits, are suitable for processing and production of functional products, and the plant form of Horikhova is suitable to the mechanized harvesting of fruits in their technical ripeness, due to low growth (1.8 m) and compactness of a bush, character of placement of fruits on a plant. Based on the successful targeted introduction during 2017–2019 in the research field of the Institute of Horticulture NAAS (Northern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine), more promising (3 samples) were transferred to the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine (NCGRRU). V. Ya. Yuriev NAAS of Ukraine, where after expert evaluation the samples were assigned a catalog number and included in the genetic bank of plants of Ukraine, including: Strumkova, Horikhova, Krasunya which are recommended for the selection process as sources of stable productivity and consumer quality fruits for processing, high resistance to adverse environmental factors.
The efficiency of seed treatment in oats cultivation in conditions of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe
Authors:   Polissia  National University, Hrytsiuk N. , Bakalova A. ,   Polissia  National University, Ribitska G. ,   Construction College of ZhNAEU, Denysiuk Ya. ,   Polissia  National University, Liubakivskyi O. ,   Polissia  National University
Published: November 2020

The epiphytotic development of the most dangerous diseases causes significant crop losses among grain crops, particularly oats. These diseases include root and crown rot, smut diseases, and crown rust. The grain shortage caused by these diseases can reach 15–40 %. Modern oats protection from diseases is considered to be an important condition for obtaining a high quality harvest. The pre-sowing treatment of seeds with fungicides is an integral part of intensive grain growing technologies. Our research was aimed at studying the effectiveness of pre-sowing seeds treatment with fungicides in combination with micro fertilizers, and their action on the disease resistance and oats productivity. The production experiment investigated into the impact of fungicides in combination with micro fertilizers on sowing qualities, seed damage, disease resistance and yield of oats. The complex treatment of oats seeds with Vincyt 050CS (6 l/t) and Oracul (solution, 1.0 l/t) as well as Fundazol (wettable powder, 2.4 l/t) and Oracul (solution, 1.0 l/t) led to the increase in germination energy by 4.2 % and 5 % and laboratory germination by 3 % and 4.2 % respectively. The pathogen damage decreased by 23–24 % (Alternaria spp. species), 9–11 % (Fusarium spp. species), and 4 % (Bipolaris soroziniana) compared to the control variant. The separate oats treatment with fungicides Vincyt 050CS (2.0 l/t) and Fundazol (wettable powder, 3.0 l/t) as well as in combination with the micro fertilizer Oracul (solution, 1.0 l/t) proved to be an effective means in controlling common root rot and crown rust of the grain crop. During the milk-wax stage of ripeness the technical efficiency of all examined preparations against crown rust was in the range of 13.9–37.5 % (disease spread) and 21.9–48.9 % (disease development). The combined application of seed treatment with fungicides together with the micro fertilizer promoted to an increase in oats yield by 1.0 and 0.78 t/ha compared to the untreated variant.
Efficiency of complex liquid fertilizers at different fertilizer systems of potatoes in the conditions of Ukrainian Polissia
Authors:   Polissia  National University, Polishchuk V. , Zhuravel S. ,   Polissia  National University, Kravchuk M. ,   Polissia  National University, Zalevskyy R. ,   Polissia  National University
Published: November 2020

Results of researches on efficiency of use of liquid organomineral fertilizers at the background of different fertilizer systems are provided. Researches were done on light gray forest soil in a 5-field short- crop rotation. Results of three-year stationary researches of medicines Mochevin K No. 1, Mochevin K No. 2, Organik D2M and the Humate of potassium influence on productivity and quality indicators of a potato harvest are analyzed. Thus, the highest productivity on options without introduction of liquid complex fertilizers was received in agro technologies which were based on an organomineral system, – 31.9 t/hectare. At the same time, the gain of relatively biological control made 7.8 t/hectare or 32.2 %. Processing by liquid complex medicines increased efficiency of technology of cultivation, having provided additional increase in productivity by 3.5–8.0 t/hectare or 11.0–27.3 %. Thus, Mochevin K No. 1 was the least effective – the gain depending on a fertilizer system made 3.5–5.1 t/hectare or 11.0–17.5 %. The humate of potassium promoted yield increase on 5.0–6.8 t/hectare or 15.8–23.1 %, Organik D2M – on 5.4–8.0 t/hectare or 17.5–27.3 %, and Mochevin K No. 2 – on 6.3–8.0 t/hectare or 20.2–27.3 %. In general, the organomineral system with use of complex liquid fertilizers of Mochevin K№2 and Organik D2M provided the largest productivity of culture in experience (38.0–38.5 t/hectare) and also increasing in plasticity of a grade, reduced variation of productivity after years. It is established that a determinant factor rendered use of liquid organomineral fertilizers on improvement of quality indicators of a potatoharvest (content of ascorbic acid and starch). This way, processing of potato landings the medicines Organik D2M and the Humate of potassium at the background of an organomineral fertilizer system provided the high content of ascorbic acid in tubers. Organik D2M promoted obtaining the largest content of starch after all fertilizer systems – 15.0–15.2 %. Further researches will be directed to studying of efficiency of complex liquid use of fertilizers in the system of organic production at the increased income levels to the soil of alternative and traditional types of organic fertilizers (straw, green manure crops, manure, vermikompost).
The use of substitute whole milk in the correction processes rumen digestion in calves
Authors:   Sumy National Agrarian University, Kambur M. , Zamazy A. ,   Poltava State Agrarian Academy
Published: November 2020

The formation of cicatricial processes in calves is an important component of the process of growing viable animals, which we studied under the conditions of introduction into the diet of three groups of calves whole milk substitutes for three months. Correction of cicatricial digestion of calves of the early neonatal period significantly increases its parameters and affects the metabolism in animals. It was found that at the end of the equalization period the content of amylolytic, proteolytic, cellulosolytic microorganisms and their specific activity in the contents of the scar of animals of the experimental groups fluctuated slightly. The quantitative composition of rumen microorganisms determined the content of the total mass of rumen microorganisms and the total concentration of volatile fatty acids in the rumen, which ranged from 9.13±0.12 to 9.45±0.24 mmol/100 ml. The content of total, residual and protein nitrogen in the scar content of calves of all groups was almost the same at the end of the equalization period. The introduction into the diet of calves of the neonatal period of feed mixtures Lactophyte-T and Lactophyte-TP increased the activity of the main groups of microorganisms of the rumen and, most importantly – cellulosolytic microorganisms. In calves of the experimental groups, the content of volatile fatty acids and protein nitrogen in the contents of the scar increased. Volatile fatty acids in the blood of calves of the experimental groups were found in 1.08–1.28 times more than in calves of the control group (p<0.01). The content of ketone bodies in the blood of calves of the third group was significantly lower by 1.14 times, urea was lower by 1.12 times (p<0.05). The increase in the activity of scar fermentation processes contributed to the fact that the increase in body weight in calves of the experimental groups was during the experimental period in 1.36–1.57 and 1.42–1.57 times (p<0.01), more than in the control animals. In the future, research on the formation and correction of scar digestion will provide the body of animals with full metabolic metabolites, microbial protein and volatile fatty acids and promote the growth and development of animals.
NBU'S influence on economic growth through bank capital regulations
Authors:   Polissia National University, Sus L. , Sus Yu. ,   Polissia National University, Sapatsinsky M. ,   Polissia National University, Cherepansky S. ,   Polisia National University
Published: November 2020

In crisis situations, stable and efficient functioning of banking institutions is a necessary condition for country’s economic growth. Capitalization is one of the important factors that creates a positive impact of the domestic banking system on economic development. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the patterns and differences in the strength and nature of the impact of capital adequacy requirements on the financial and economic development of countries. The key tasks include: research of capitalization indicatorsof the banking system of Ukraine; identification of the impact of bank capital adequacy on the financial and economic development of individual European countries and other highly developed countries. The research methods were: theoretical -study of foreign and domestic scientific literature, materials and publications, and empirical -measurement, comparison, grouping, rating, correlation and regression analysis.The article analyzes the essence of the concept of "bank capital" and identifies the peculiarities of its formation. The dynamics of equity and authorized capital of Ukrainian banks in recent years has been studied and the capitalization indicators of the banking system have been calculated. The structure of bank capital in terms of banking groups is presented. The share of equity of the largest banks in the banking system of Ukraine is calculated. The banks were grouped by the amount of capital in order to identify those banking institutions that need further additional capitalization. Prospects for the development of sources of growth of bank capital of state, foreign and private banks of Ukraine are analyzed and evaluated. The economic standards of the NBU (size of regulatory capital, adequacy of regulatory capital, adequacy of fixed capital) are characterized and the dynamics of regulatory capital indicators is presented. The rating of banks in Ukraine according to the highest and lowest indicator of regulatory capital adequacy is built. The results of the correlation between the capital of the banking system and the financial and economic indicators of development of a number of European and other highly developed countries are presented. The regularities and differences of the influence of banks' capital adequacy on the financial and economic development of countries using the method of correlation-regression analysis are characterized.Prospects for further research in this area are the improvement of existing or development of new economic and mathematical models to determine the forecast indicators of financial and economic development of the country when changing the supervisory requirements for capital adequacy of banks.
Obtenção e caracterização de hidroxiapatita obtida por síntese hidrotermal e caracterização
Authors: Araújo Maria Nicheilly Pontes , Vieira Welly Evilly da Silva , Carvalho Lucelma Pereira de , Melo Higor Diego Farias de , Souza Thais Cavalcante de , Berenguer Romildo Alves
Published: November 2020

A hidroxiapatita (HA) é um material cerâmico presente em ossos e dentes humanos, com isso a HA sintética possui propriedades de osteointegração e biocompatibilidade, sendo amplamente utilizada em implantes e próteses. Uma das formas de sintetizar a HA é pelo método hidrotermal, um método eficiente que permite realizar o controle de temperatura e pressão, gerando produtos de alta cristalinidade. Este trabalho visou à obtenção da HA por via hidrotermal, que foi analisada sob diferentes formas de caracterização. A síntese realizada foi baseada em França & Pereira (2000), com adaptações, e foram utilizados 3,71 g de fosfato de cálcio (Ca(H2PO4)2) e 2,54 g de hidróxido de cálcio (Ca(OH)2), a reação foi realizada  em um forno a 245 °C, durante duas horas, com uma taxa de aquecimento de 5 °C/min. Após a reação, a HA foi lavada e posta para secar numa estufa a 60 °C, durante vinte e quatro horas, e  a massa final obtida foi de 0,268 g. O produto obtido foi caracterizado pelas técnicas de espalhamento de luz Raman, espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho (IV), difração de raios-X (DRX), análise termogravimétrica (TG), Teoria de Adsorção Multimolecular (BET) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Com base nos resultados obtidos nas análises e comparações com experiências relatadas na literatura, a síntese de HA por via hidrotermal realizada neste trabalho foi válida.
Análise socioambiental dos moradores da área de preservação permanente urbana do igarapé Ilha do Coco em Parauapebas – Pará
Authors: Souza Lucileuda da Conceição de , Santos Felipi  Lima dos , Galdino Vanessa Silva , Dias Gustavo Francesco de Morais , Luz Diana Dias , Miranda Sarah Brasil de Araújo de
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho traz em si um perfil analítico da população que mora na área de preservação permanente (APP) urbana do Igarapé Ilha do Coco no município de Parauapebas com o propósito de analisar socioambientalmente o perfil destes moradores, criando parâmetros que meçam as influências decorrentes da ocupação deste espaço. Foi realizado o mapeamento para avaliar as particularidades da área situada no bairro acima citado, e também a aplicação de um questionário socioambiental onde os moradores puderam através de suas respostas nos fornecer informações sobre os reais impactos da ocupação da APP. O levantamento foi feito num recorte das ruas acima, e a outro após o leito do igarapé perfazendo assim em torno de 30 residencias. Durante o trabalho, foram apontados os perfis da sustentabilidade, onde foram levantados critérios como renda familiar, disposição geral de resíduos, grau de instrução, interesse por ações socioambientais na comunidade, ações que inibem ou não a poluição do corpo hídrico entre outros, tornando possível a criação de dados socioambientais dos moradores, onde se constatou baixo nível de escolaridade, renda familiar abaixo de um salario mínimo, muitas famílias tem como renda básica dinheiro de programas do governo e também serviços de coleta e destinação final dos resíduos escassos, sendo assim, muitos moradores queimam estes resíduos ao ar livre e além disso há contaminação do corpo hídrico pelo lançamento de dejetos. Trazendo à tona a necessidade de incorporação destes moradores em políticas publicas que os tornem coparticipantes e também protagonistas dessas ações em meio a sua comunidade.
Elmada Bazı Özelliklerin Birlikte Ele Alınabilme Potansiyelleri: Pinova Örneği
Authors: POLAT Mehmet , MERTOĞLU Kerem , ESKİMEZ İlknur
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışma, Pinova çeşidi kullanılarak, elmada, üretici veya tüketici açısından önem arz eden bazı özelliklerin birbirleri ile olan ilişkilerini belirlemek amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma bulguları doğrultusunda; verim, tam çiçeklenmeden hasada geçen süre (TÇHGS), meyve eni, boyu, ağırlığı, sertliği, L, a, b, suda çözünebilir kuru madde (SÇKM), titre edilebilir asit (TEA) ve pH değerlerinin sırası ile ortalama olarak, 21.65 kg ağaç-1, 144.00 gün, 66.87 mm, 58.01 mm, 133.63 g, 7.73 kg cm-1, 43.51, 26.57, 16.07, %11.40, %0.51 ve 4.39 değerlerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Verim artışı, SÇKM, TEA, meyve boyutları ve ağırlığı özelliklerinde düşüşe sebep olurken, kabuk üst a değeri bu özellikler ile pozitif korelasyon içerisinde bulunmuştur. Meyve boyutları ve ağırlığı özellikleri kendi aralarında yüksek düzeyde pozitif ilişki gösterirken, meyve eti sertliği ile tersi ilişki içerisinde tespit edilmiştir. pH ile yüksek seviyede negatif ilişki içerisinde bulunan, TEA’nın, SÇKM birikimini tetiklediği tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçların, yetiştiricilikte kültürel işlemlere yön verebileceği düşünülmektedir.
Towards the Anaerobic Production of Surfactin Using Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Hoffmann Mareen , Fernandez Cano Luna Diana Stephanie , Xiao Shengbin , Stegemüller Lars , Rief Katharina , Heravi Kambiz Morabbi , Lilge Lars , Henkel Marius , Hausmann Rudolf
Published: November 2020

The anaerobic growth of B. subtilis to synthesize surfactin poses an alternative strategy to conventional aerobic cultivations. In general, the strong foam formation observed during aerobic processes represents a major obstacle. Anaerobic processes have, amongst others, the distinct advantage that the total bioreactor volume can be exploited as foaming does not occur. Recent studies also reported on promising product per biomass yields. However, anaerobic growth in comparison to aerobic processes has several disadvantages. For example, the overall titers are comparably low and cultivations are time-consuming due to low growth rates. B. subtilis JABs24, a derivate of strain 168 with the ability to synthesize surfactin, was used as model strain in this study. Ammonium and nitrite were hypothesized to negatively influence anaerobic growth. Ammonium with initial concentrations up to 0.2 mol/L was shown to have no significant impact on growth, but increasing concentrations resulted in decreased surfactin titers and reduced nitrate reductase expression. Anaerobic cultivations spiked with increasing nitrite concentrations resulted in prolonged lag-phases. Indeed, growth rates were in a similar range after the lag-phase indicating that nitrite has a neglectable effect on the observed decreasing growth rates. In bioreactor cultivations, the specific growth rate decreased with increasing glucose concentrations during the time course of both batch and fed-batch processes to less than 0.05 1/h. In addition, surfactin titers, overall YP/X and YP/S were 53%, ∼42%, and ∼57% lower than in serum flask with 0.190 g/L, 0.344 g/g and 0.015 g/g. The YX/S, on the contrary, was 30% lower in the serum flask with 0.044 g/g. The productivities q were similar with ∼0.005 g/(g⋅h). However, acetate strongly accumulated during cultivation and was posed as further metabolite that might negatively influence anaerobic growth. Acetate added to anaerobic cultivations in a range from 0 g/L up to 10 g/L resulted in a reduced maximum and overall growth rate μ by 44% and 30%, respectively. To conclude, acetate was identified as a promising target for future process enhancement and strain engineering. Though, the current study demonstrates that the anaerobic cultivation to synthesize surfactin represents a reasonable perspective and feasible alternative to conventional processes.
Histological and Histomorphometric Evaluation of Applying a Bioactive Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin to a Perforated Schneiderian Membrane in a Maxillary Sinus Elevation Model
Authors: Xin Liangjing , Yuan Shuai , Mu Zhixiang , Li Dize , Song Jinlin , Chen Tao
Published: November 2020

Background

Schneiderian membrane (SM) perforation is a major complication of maxillary sinus elevation with simultaneous bone grafting, yet under this scenario there is no standard biomaterial that maximizes favorable tissue healing and osteogenic effects.

Purpose

To compare the effect of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) and collagen membrane (CM) on a perforated SM with simultaneous bone grafting in a maxillary sinus elevation model.

Materials and Methods

After perforation of the SM was established, 24 animals were randomly divided into two groups: (i) group CM: CM and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) (n= 12), (ii) group A-PRF: A-PRF and DBBM (n= 12). Radiographic and histological evaluations were performed at 1 and 4 weeks post-operation.

Results

At 1 week, an intact SM was found in group A-PRF. At each time point, the number of inflammatory cells at the perforated site was higher in group CM, and the area of new osteoid formation was significantly greater in group A-PRF (p< 0.0001). At 4 weeks, the osteogenic pattern was shown as from the periphery to the center of the sinus cavity in group A-PRF.

Conclusion

The higher elasticity, matching degradability, and plentiful growth factors of A-PRF resulted in a fully repaired SM, which later ensured the two osteogenic sources from the SM to generate significant new bone formation. Thus, A-PRF can be considered to be a useful bioactive tissue-healing biomaterial for SM perforation with simultaneous bone grafting.
Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Colorectal Cancer Affects CD8 T Cells: An Analysis Based on Body Mass Index
Authors: Abu Nadiah , Othman Norahayu , Ab Razak Nur’ Syahada , Bakarurraini Nurul Ainaa’ Adilah Rus , Nasir Siti Nurmi , Soh Joanne Ern Chi , Mazlan Luqman , Azman Zairul Azwan Mohd , Jamal Rahman
Published: November 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most widely diagnosed cancers worldwide. It has been shown that the body-mass index (BMI) of the patients could influence the tumor microenvironment, treatment response, and overall survival rates. Nevertheless, the mechanism on how BMI affects the tumorigenesis process, particularly the tumor microenvironment is still elusive. Herein, we postulate that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from CRC patients and non-CRC volunteers with different BMI could affect immune cells differently, in CD8 T cells particularly. We isolated the EVs from the archived serum of CRC patients with high and low BMI, as well as healthy controls with similar BMI status. The EVs were further characterized via electron microscopy, western blot and dynamic light scattering. Then, functional analysis was performed on CD8 T cells including apoptosis, cell proliferation, gene expression profiling and cytokine release upon co-incubation with the different EVs. Our results suggest that CRC-derived EVs were able to regulate the CD8 T cells. In some assays, low BMI EVs were functionally different than high BMI EVs. This study highlights the possible difference in the regulatory mechanism of cancer patients-derived EVs, especially on CD8 T cells.
Exosomal MicroRNA-374b-5p From Tubular Epithelial Cells Promoted M1 Macrophages Activation and Worsened Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Ding Chenguang , Zheng Jin , Wang Bo , Li Yang , Xiang Heli , Dou Meng , Qiao Yuxi , Tian Puxun , Ding Xiaoming , Xue Wujun
Published: November 2020

Tubular epithelial cells (TECs) represent the primary site of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RIRI). However, whether the damage of TECs could drive the initiation of inflammation was unclear. Here we investigated the role of the TECs and macrophages during RIRI. Increased expression of inflammation response and activated M1 macrophage were determined in the mice model of RIRI. Moreover, we demonstrated global miRNA expression profiling of renal exosomes, and miR-374b-5p was most upregulated in these exosomes in vivo. Inhibition of miR-374b-5p in the mice upon RIR operation would alleviate the kidney injury via decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and suppressing the macrophage activation. Similar results were also identified in the hypoxia-induced cell model where exosomal miR-374b-5p was dramatically upregulated. Uptake of exosomes derived from the hypoxic TECs by macrophages would trigger M1 polarization via transferring miR-374b-5p. Besides, we confirmed that miR-374b-5p could directly bind to Socs1 using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Notably, when we injected the miR-374b-5p-enriched exosomes into mice, a high-level inflammatory response and M1 macrophage activation were performed. Our studies demonstrated that exosomal miR-374b-5p played an essential role in the communication between injured TECs and macrophages, resulting in the M1 macrophage activation during RIRI. The blockage of the release of such exosomes may serve as a new therapeutic strategy for RIRI.
The Arabidopsis thaliana Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases 1 and 2 Modify DNA by ADP-Ribosylating Terminal Phosphate Residues
Authors: Taipakova Sabira , Kuanbay Aigerim , Saint-Pierre Christine , Gasparutto Didier , Baiken Yeldar , Groisman Regina , Ishchenko Alexander A. , Saparbaev Murat , Bissenbaev Amangeldy K.
Published: November 2020

Proteins from the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family, such as PARP1 and PARP2, use NAD+as a substrate to catalyze the synthesis of polymeric chains consisting of ADP-ribose units covalently attached to an acceptor molecule. PARP1 and PARP2 are viewed as DNA damage sensors that, upon binding to strand breaks, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ate themselves and nuclear acceptor proteins. The flowering plantArabidopsis thalianacontains three genes encoding homologs of mammalian PARPs:atPARP1,atPARP2, andatPARP3. Both atPARP1 and atPARP2 contain poly(ADP-ribosyl)ating activity; however, it is unknown whether they could covalently modify DNA by ADP-ribosylating the strand break termini. Here, we report that similar to their mammalian counterparts, the plant atPARP1 and atPARP2 proteins ADP-ribosylate 5′-terminal phosphate residues in duplex DNA oligonucleotides and plasmid containing at least two closely spaced DNA strand breaks. AtPARP1 preferentially catalyzes covalent attachment of ADP-ribose units to the ends of recessed DNA duplexes containing 5′-phosphate, whereas atPARP2 preferentially ADP-ribosylates the nicked and gapped DNA duplexes containing the terminal 5′-phosphate. Similar to their mammalian counterparts, the plant PARP-catalyzed DNA ADP-ribosylation is particularly sensitive to the distance that separates two strand breaks in the same DNA molecule, 1.5 and 1 or 2 turns of helix for atPARP1 and atPARP2, respectively. PAR glycohydrolase (PARG) restored native DNA structure by hydrolyzing the PAR–DNA adducts generated by atPARPs. Biochemical and mass spectrometry analyses of the PAR–DNA adducts showed that atPARPs utilize phosphorylated DNA termini as an alternative to protein acceptor residues to catalyze PAR chain synthesisviaphosphodiester bond formation between C1′ of ADP-ribose and a phosphate residue of the terminal nucleotide in DNA fragment. Taken together, these data establish the presence of a new type of DNA-modifying activity inArabidopsisPARPs, suggesting a possible role of DNA ADP-ribosylation in DNA damage signaling and repair of terrestrial plants.
Micro/Nano Electrode Array Sensors: Advances in Fabrication and Emerging Applications in Bioanalysis
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Xiuting , Chen Jie , Yuan Chonglin
Published: November 2020

Due to the rapid development of micro/nano manufacturing techniques and the greater understanding in electrochemical principles and methods, micro/nano electrode array sensing has received much attention in recent years, especially in bioanalysis. This review aims to explore recent progress in innovative techniques for the construction of micro/nano electrode array sensor and the unique applications of various types of micro/nano electrode array sensors in biochemical analysis. Moreover, the new area of smart sensing benefited from miniaturization of portable micro/nano electrode array sensors as well as wearable intelligent devices are further discussed.
Crystal Structure Prediction of Binary Alloys via Deep Potential
Authors: Wang Haidi , Zhang Yuzhi , Zhang Linfeng , Wang Han
Published: November 2020

Predicting crystal structure has been a challenging problem in physics and materials science for a long time. A reliable energy calculation engine combined with an efficient global search algorithm, such as particle swarm optimization algorithm or genetic algorithm, is needed to conduct crystal structure prediction. In recent years, machine learning-based interatomic potential energy surface models have been proposed, potentially allowing us to perform crystal structure prediction for systems with the accuracy of density functional theory (DFT) and the speed of empirical force fields. In this paper, we employ a previously developed Deep Potential model to predict the intermetallic compound of the aluminum–magnesium system, and find six meta-stable phases with negative or nearly zero formation energy. In particular, Mg12Al8 shows excellent ductility and Mg5Al27 has a high Young's modulus. Based on our benchmark results, we propose a relatively robust structure screening criterion that selects potentially stable structures from the Deep Potential-based convex hull and performs DFT refinement. By using this criterion, the computational cost needed to construct the convex hull with ab initio accuracy can be dramatically reduced.
Microbial Community Profiling Distinguishes Left-Sided and Right-Sided Colon Cancer
Authors: Zhong Mengya , Xiong Yubo , Ye Zhijian , Zhao Jiabao , Zhong Lifeng , Liu Yu , Zhu Yuekun , Tian Lantian , Qiu Xingfeng , Hong Xuehui
Published: November 2020

The difference between left- and right-sided colon cancer has become the focus of global attention, and researchers have found differences in the morbidity, molecular biological characteristics, and response to targeted drug therapy between left- and right-sided colon cancer. Therefore, the identification of more effective predictive indicators is critical for providing guidance to future clinical work. We collected samples from different colon sites and regions and analyzed the identities and distributions of differentially expressed species in the microbiota in the left and right sides of the colon to better explore the pathogenesis of colon cancer and provided a basis for individualized drug therapy. We collected samples from different regions in the body of 40 patients with colon cancer, including stool and tissues. The Subjects were classified into four groups, and this classification was mainly based on the colon cancer distribution. The microbiota composition of the left-sided and right-sided colon samples was assessed by specifically amplifying the V3-V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene from DNA extracts from the samples. These amplicons were examined by Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing. The microbial taxa in the left-sided colon samples are more abundant than those in the right-sided colon samples. The flora in the left-sided colon samples, such asClostridium perfringensandFusobacterium nucleatum, might be associated with VEGF expression and are more likely to promote colon cancer. The microbiota distribution in the right-sided colon samples is less invasive and harmful and particularly rich inBifidobacterium dentium. In addition,Streptococcus, which is the target of EGFR, was found to be expressed in both the left- and right-sided colon samples but was found at a higher level in the left-sided colon samples. Additionally, the differential pathways involved in the left-sided colon samples mainly mediate DNA damage, methylation, and histone modifications, whereas those in the right-sided colon samples are dominated by DNA synthesis. The comparison of only the geographical differences revealed a significant difference in the distribution of the microbial population. The adherent microbiota composition and structural changes between the left- and right-sided colon samples might contribute to the development of colon cancer, lead to different morbidities, and further affect the prognosis of patients and their sensitivity to targeted drugs. Therefore, the identification of the differential flora in the colon could be used as an indicator for predicting the occurrence and development of colon cancer, which is also beneficial for future individualized drug therapy.
The Fungal Microbiome and Asthma
Authors: van Tilburg Bernardes Erik , Gutierrez Mackenzie W. , Arrieta Marie-Claire
Published: November 2020

Asthma is a group of inflammatory conditions that compromises the airways of a continuously increasing number of people around the globe. Its complex etiology comprises both genetic and environmental aspects, with the intestinal and lung microbiomes emerging as newly implicated factors that can drive and aggravate asthma. Longitudinal infant cohort studies combined with mechanistic studies in animal models have identified microbial signatures causally associated with subsequent asthma risk. The recent inclusion of fungi in human microbiome surveys has revealed that microbiome signatures associated with asthma risk are not limited to bacteria, and that fungi are also implicated in asthma development in susceptible individuals. In this review, we examine the unique properties of human-associated and environmental fungi, which confer them the ability to influence immune development and allergic responses. The important contribution of fungi to asthma development and exacerbations prompts for their inclusion in current and future asthma studies in humans and animal models.
Plasmodium falciparum DHFR and DHPS Mutations Are Associated With HIV-1 Co-Infection and a Novel DHPS Mutation I504T Is Identified in Western Kenya
Authors: Torrevillas Brandi K. , Garrison Sarah M. , McKeeken Alexander J. , Patel Dharmeshkumar , Van Leuven James T. , Dizon Nathaniel I. , Rivas Karina I. , Hathaway Nicholas J. , Bailey Jeffrey A. , Waitumbi John N. , Kifude Carolyne M. , Oyieko Janet , Stewart V. Ann , Luckhart Shirley
Published: November 2020

Antifolate resistance is significant in Kenya and presumed to result from extensive use and cross-resistance between antifolate antimalarials and antibiotics, including cotrimoxazole/Bactrim used for HIV-1 chemotherapy. However, little is known about antifolate-resistant malaria in the context of newly diagnosed HIV-1 co-infection prior to administration of HIV-1 chemotherapy. Blood samples from a cross-sectional study of asymptomatic adult Kenyans enrolled during voluntary HIV testing were analyzed by PCR forPlasmodiumspp. More than 95% of volunteers with identifiable parasite species (132 HIV-1 co-infected) were infected withPlasmodium falciparumalone orP. falciparumwithPlasmodium ovaleand/orPlasmodium malariae. Deep sequencing was used to screen for mutations inP. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr)(N51I, C59R, S108N, I164L) anddihydropteroate synthase (dhps)(S436H, A437G, K540E, A581G) from 1133 volunteers. Individual mutations in DHPS but not DHFR correlated with HIV-1 status. DHFR haplotype diversity was significantly different among volunteers by gender and HIV-1 status. DHPS haplotype diversity by HIV-1 status was significantly different between volunteers paired by age and gender, indicating that patterns of resistance were independent of these variables. Molecular simulations for a novel DHPS mutation (I504T) suggested that the mutated protein has increased affinity for the endogenous ligand DHPPP and decreased affinity for drug binding. A sub-group of monoclonal infections revealed that age and parasitemia were not correlated and enabled identification of a rare septuple-mutant haplotype (IRNL-HGEA). In our study, adult Kenyans newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection were predominantly infected with moderately resistantP. falciparum, with patterns of infecting parasite genotypes significantly associated with HIV-1 status. Together with the discovery of DHPS I504T, these data indicate that antifolate resistance continues to evolve in Kenya. Further, they highlight the need to understand the effects of associated mutations on both fitness and resistance ofP. falciparumin the context of HIV-1 co-infection to better inform treatment for asymptomatic malaria.
ELISA Test for the Serological Detection of Scedosporium/Lomentospora in Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Martin-Souto Leire , Buldain Idoia , Areitio Maialen , Aparicio-Fernandez Leire , Antoran Aitziber , Bouchara Jean-Philippe , Martin-Gomez Maria Teresa , Rementeria Aitor , Hernando Fernando L. , Ramirez-Garcia Andoni
Published: November 2020

The detection and diagnosis of the opportunistic fungi Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans still relies mainly on low-sensitive culture-based methods. This fact is especially worrying in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients in whom these fungal species are frequently isolated and may increase the risk of suffering from an infection or other health problems. Therefore, with the purpose of developing a serologic detection method for Scedosporium/Lomentospora, four different Scedosporium boydii protein extracts (whole cell protein extract, secretome, total cell surface and conidial surface associated proteins) were studied by ELISA to select the most useful for IgG detection in sera from CF patients. The four extracts were able to discriminate the Scedosporium/Lomentospora-infected from Aspergillus-infected and non-infected patients. However, the whole cell protein extract was the one selected, as it was the one with the highest output in terms of protein concentration per ml of fungal culture used, and its discriminatory capacity was the best. The ELISA test developed was then assayed with 212 sera from CF patients and it showed to be able to detect Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans with very high sensitivity and specificity, 86%–100% and 93%–99%, respectively, depending on the cut-off value chosen (four values were proposed A450nm= 0.5837, A450nm= 0.6042, A450nm= 0.6404, and A450nm= 0.7099). Thus, although more research is needed to reach a standardized method, this ELISA platform offers a rapid, low-cost and easy solution to detect these elusive fungi through minimally invasive sampling, allowing the monitoring of the humoral response to fungal presence.