bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Root distribution of cactus pear genotypes under different soil water replacement levels
Authors: Castro Igor N. de , Santos Silvânio R. dos , Santos Marcelo R. dos , Oliveira Polyanna M. de , Aspiazú Ignacio , Godinho Fernando L.
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Knowledge of the cactus pear root distribution system can improve management of the plant by defining the areas of soil best suited to fertilizer application and the installation of soil moisture sensors under irrigation. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the root distribution of cactus pear genotypes under different water replacement levels. To that end, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, using genetic material from two cactus pear genotypes (Opuntia fícus-indica Mill. and Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) and six water replacement levels based on reference evapotranspiration - ET0 (T1, no irrigation; T2, 15%; T3, 30%; T4, 45%; T5, 60% and T6, 75% of ET0), arranged in split-plot, with irrigation treatments allocated to the plots and the genetic material to the sub-plots, and three replicates. The roots of the cultivars were collected for analysis of root length density (RLD) 390 days after planting. The RDL of very fine roots declines as depth and distance from the plant base increases and total, fine, small and medium RDL rise at higher water replacement levels; 75% of ET0 near the plant base increases RDL; all the root diameter classes are concentrated at a distance of 0-0.20 m from the plant base and depth of 0.10 to 0.25 m; the RDL percentage is higher for the Gigante genotype and Miuda exhibits better root distribution.
Maize crop yield in function of salinity and mulch
Authors: Costa Francisco H. R. , Goes Geovana F. , Almeida Murilo de S. , Magalhães Clarissa L. , Sousa José T. M. de , Sousa Geocleber G.
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Irrigation with saline water affects the agronomic performance of the maize crop; however, the use of vegetal mulch may mitigate salt stress and promote an increase in yield. In this way, this study aimed to evaluate the grain yield of the maize plants submitted to different water salinity levels in the presence and absence of mulch. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme. The first factor was the salinity of the irrigation water (1.0 and 4.0 dS m-1) and the second, with and without mulch, and five replicates. The variables analyzed were: unhusked ear mass, husked ear mass, cob mass, straw mass, husked ear diameter, husked ear length, and yield. The irrigation water with higher electrical conductivity affects negatively the ear mass with and without straw, ear diameter and ear length. The use of vegetation cover on the soil increased the unhusked ear mass with and without straw, ear diameter and length. The water with higher salinity (4.0 dS m-1) reduces the maize grain yield but with less intensity in the presence of mulch.
MEDICINA PREVENTIVA E SOCIAL NA GRADUAÇÃO: EXPERIÊNCIA DE ENSINO EM CENTROS DE SAÚDE
Authors: Teixeira Carmen Fontes , Formigli Vera Lúcia Almeida , Paim Jairnilson Silva
Published: September 2021

Resumo: Com o objetivo de analisar a experiência de implantação de uma proposta de ensino teórico-prática de Medicina Preventiva em Centros de Saúde de Salvador, elaborada conjuntamente pela Universidade e pela Secretaria de Saúde do Estado, procede-se à descrição das atividades desenvolvidas no período de 3 anos destacando-se as dificuldades superadas e os pontos problemáticos. Não obstante a melhoria na coordenação docente, no material didático, na receptividade dos alunos e na relação professor-aluno, permanece a falta de oportunidades reais para o exercício da prática em saúde coletiva, face às características atuais de administração e funcionamento dos Centros de Saúde. Nesse particular, os autores recomendam aprofundar a discussão sobre as práticas de saúde coletiva, iniciada pelos professores de Residência em Medicina Preventiva e Social e experimentar novas formas de treinamento nos serviços de saúde, oficiais ou não, e junto às organizações próprias da população, tendo em conta as mudanças favorecidas pela conjuntura em saúde.
SUBSÍDIOS À ANÁLISE POLÍTICA DAS PROPOSTAS DE INTEGRAÇÃO ENTRE AS INSTITUIÇÕES PÚBLICAS DE SAÚDE
Authors: Possas Cristina de Albuquerque , Marques Marília Bernardes
Published: September 2021

Resumo: O presente ensaio, a partir de uma análise da crise da política de saúde no País, de sua subordinação à Previdência Social e dos determinantes do padrão atual de intervenção do Estado no setor, examina a proposta de integração das ações de assistência médica prestadas pelos diversos organismos públicos (INAMPS, Secretarias Estaduais, Secretarias Municipais e Universidades), especialmente levantando questões relativas aos rumos da política de saúde em âmbito estadual.
Consolidation effects on uplift capacity of shallow horizontal plate anchors in dilating sand
Authors: Roy Anamitra , Chow Shiao Huey , Randolph Mark F. , O'Loughlin Conleth D.
Published: September 2021

This paper examines the effect of consolidation on a shallowly embedded horizontal plate anchor in medium dense and dense sand using centrifuge tests, where the loading rate was varied over four orders of magnitude. The experimental results show a 4·8 to 5·5 times increase in anchor capacity as the consolidation condition changes from drained to undrained, driven by a steadily increasing negative excess pore pressure with increasing loading rate. At the highest loading rate, under undrained conditions, the measured maximum negative excess pore pressures reach a steady limit, suggesting the occurrence of cavitation. This increase in anchor capacity with dimensionless velocity is captured using a ‘backbone curve’ interpretation framework that describes the change in capacity between the limiting values of drained and undrained anchor capacity. Calculation of drained anchor capacity is straightforward relative to the more challenging problem of calculating undrained capacity, particularly during cavitation. This was addressed separately through a numerical parametric study (pure undrained analysis) using a bounding surface soil model involving different water depths (cavitation potential), densities and embedment ratios. The numerical results are then synthesised into a simple extended analytical solution to allow estimation of undrained anchor capacity under different densities and water depths.
The Effect of the Different Service Lives of Class II Amalgam Restorations on Periodontal Health among Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: M Albakry
Published: September 2021

Background: This comparative cross-sectional study evaluated the effect of the different service lives of class II amalgam restorations on periodontal health among type 2 diabetes patients.
A Preliminary Study of Constructing Tissue Engineered Oral Mucosa
Authors: Q Zhang , YJ Tian , T Ding , DH Feng
Published: September 2021

Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) have a great potential for tissue-engineering purposes, and they may be introduced in oral mucosa tissue engineering for urethroplasty. This study was aimed to develop a tissue-engineered oral mucosa through seeding oral keratinocytes (OKs) and adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) on small intestine submucosa (SIS). From August 2018 to October 2019, an observational study was conducted in the laboratory of our hospital, to develop a tissue-engineered oral mucosa.SIS was obtained from porcine small intestine, and OKs and ADSCs were obtained from canine sources and were cultured and expanded in vitro. The two cell lines were seeded on the two surfaces of the SIS, and the cell-scaffold compound graft was cultured in an air fluid level for 1 week. The SIS exhibited a porous membrane, and no cells were found through HE staining. The model cultured with OK-SIS only formed a thin and loose epithelium. Whereas the model cultured with OK-SIS-ADSC was much thicker and denser. The co-cultured of ADSC and OK grew well on the SIS in which the OKs formed a multilayer of epithelium. So it is feasible to construct a tissue-engineered oral mucosa graft with ADSCs, OKs and SIS. The ADSCs contribute to a thicker epithelium formation.
A CONTEMPORARY MANASCHI IN ORAL PERFORMANCE AND IN PRINT
Authors:   American University of Central Asia, Plumtree James
Published: September 2021

This study examines the vocabulary density and the frequency of unique and repeated lines of a contemporary manaschi in oral performance and in print. Transcriptions of audiovisual recordings of Talantaaly Bakchiev (b. 1971) performing are compared with two volumes of Manas narratives that he published. The research reveals that the published versions have a higher vocabulary density than the oral performance, have a greater percentage of unique lines and less repetitions. This suggests that the medium in which the metrical narrative is presented is reflected in the language, and indications of orality are absent from written variants.
Cognitive base for the information interchange in the processes of cultural communication
Authors:   Saint Luka Lugansk State Medical University, Sidorenko Vladimir A.
Published: September 2021

Cognitive processes underlying the interchange of cultural information are twofold: on the one hand, the anthropospheric level of cultural knowledge organization allows the recipient to receive it in a processed and ready-to-use form. On the other hand, obtaining from the culture ready-made solutions to the problems faced leads to a decrease in the individual’s ability to produce his or her own creative ideas. The processes of cultural information processing are divided into assimilative (aimed at the inclusion of input into the recipient’s mental system) and accommodative (aimed at adapting his or her own worldview to information coming from outside) ones. The information received in the process of cultural communication is internalized by the recipient to the extent he or she is sensitive to it. In this case, sensitivity is understood as the ability to harmoniously embed the input data into the existing system of cognitive schemes. At the same time, the act of informational translation becomes a stimulus, while the internalization of data is a reaction to it. A fundamental principle of cultural information assimilation is cognitive economy — the desire to obtain the most effective solution to the problem with the minimum expenditure of mental resources. Often, the result is development of cognitive laziness, inability and unwillingness to use the resources freed up for creative work which could then be used by the person as a donor of cultural information. With the increase in the amount of assimilated information, the level of its recipient’s adaptability to the system of culture increases both in the local and global sense applicable to humanity as a whole as the largest of the cultural groups. At the same time, increasing the degree of cultural adaptation leads to a decrease in the person’s creative potential since creativity takes a person beyond the general group vector of cultural development.
Styles of business communication as a model: the phenomenon of style, approaches, research, open questions. Part 2
Authors:   Institute of Psychology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tolochek Vladimir A.
Published: September 2021

Research into styles in psychology (from the 1950s to the 2000s) has undergone a kind of life cycle − from styles being widely studied to those falling into oblivion. Further constructive study of this problem requires creation of new R&D (research and development) programs, generalization of the experience gained in various schools of thought. The statement of the problem of business communication styles (LMS) as a model for studying styles (in general) can contribute to the further study of the phenomenon of «style» and the disclosure of a number of aspects of communication that slip away in the case of «rigid» identification of its types. The paper aims to provide a historical and theoretical analysis of the results of studies of the evolution and functioning of styles (on the model of business communication styles). Method: analysis of literary sources. Based on a critical analysis of the experience of studying the problem of communication styles and business communication styles, the following hypotheses are put forward: 1. In the general social space (activity space) there are several autonomous business communication styles (LMS). 2. The styles identified and described by the researchers (their number, composition of components, structures) are derivatives of basic scientific concepts. 3. The study of the phenomenon of «style» based on the model of business communication styles allows us to emphasize several aspects in the evolution and functioning of style that were not distinguished when studying styles on other models. The conditions for further constructive studies of the phenomenon of «styles» are discussed. Use of the model of business communication styles is believed will contribute to the disclosure of new properties of styles, further understanding of their system properties as large, open, dynamic psychological systems
Psychometric analysis and content of the questionnaire «Structure of the principal’s activity» (OSDDSh)
Authors:   Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Gorbunova Irina V.
Published: September 2021

The study of activity has been a focus of Russian psychology for more than half of the century. Over this period, activity has been considered in various aspects: from the perspective of a person’s mentality formation, mentality manifestation in activity, connection of activity with individual and psychological features (properties of the nervous system, properties of temperament and the personality). There have been studied procedural and operational features and productive characteristics of activity, the style of activity as an adaptive characteristic reflecting the person’s activity and style in terms of adaptive and compensatory functions of activity. The most important condition of studying activity in the above areas of research was the solution of problem of its diagnostics. As a rule, diagnostics was carried out by means of accounting the approximate executive and control components of activity in the course of the studied activity. The present research is devoted to the development of a questionnaire for diagnostics of the school principals’ activity structure. The paper provides the results of developing a diagnostic technique with regard to the principal of the modern comprehensive school. The psychometric status of the questionnaire is presented, its reliability and validity are shown, and also the list of the questions reflecting the content of the main principals’ activities is given. The results can be used in further psychological and pedagogical research on the problems of modern education. The presented questionnaire is necessary for further study of the principals’ activity structure, for research into the formation mechanisms of the activity style, and for correction of the activity in order to increase the performance among the heads of educational organizations. Further research on the connections between the structure and style of the principals’ activity and their individual psychological features is a question of a special interest. It can be conducted on the basis of the presented questionnaire.
Social stratification in Alain Touraine’s sociological theory
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Baturenko Svetlana A.
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the development of the theory of post-industrial society’s social stratification. Today it is difficult to present stratification research in the form of a harmonious ordered sequence. The social stratification theory of the famous French sociologist Alain Touraine does not fit any of the usual classical directions. He revises economic determinism and puts accents on the sphere of knowledge and culture. Touraine tries to overcome the long-standing traditions of structuralism through the analysis of social action and social relations when analyzing the social stratification system. The modern «programmable society» is characterized by departure from the economic struggle and economic decisions, which have lost the autonomy and the central place that they used to have in the previous societies. Touraine’s vision of the modern society’s social structure differs from the vision of other post-industrialism theorists, especially from the ideas of American sociology, in particular, those presented in D. Bell’s works. The author of the action theory focuses on the French model of society and takes into account the historical and cultural characteristics of its development. Touraine noted the significant changes which occurred in the stratification system of modern society and the nature of its main social conflict. It is the change in the power and the forms of social domination under the influence of new factors and social processes. The French sociologist made a significant contribution to the fact that the sociological explanation of the modern social stratification system is transformed. He described the main characteristics of the post-industrial society’s class structure, the main trends of its development, offered the ways of using some categories necessary for the description of the modern post-industrial society’s stratification system.
Roman social «community» in epigram of Martialis (axiology of the socially differentiated whole)
Authors:   Dostoyevsky Omsk State University, Misyurov Nikolay N.
Published: September 2021

The study deals with differentiated social «communities» peculiar to the Roman society of the late period (Empire era), which formed the «meaningful contents» of the everyday life culture constructs. As one of the typical «artifacts» there are considered «book» texts (epigrams of Martialis), reflecting «small» events of social and family life of Rome. The study aims to trace the transformation of traditional social communities (of the class, family, political, professional, ethnic types) caused by historical social practice, Roman ideology, mental concepts and stereotypes of social behavior. The methodology of the study is determined by the interrelations of the «epistemological fields» of related disciplines within which the studied phenomena are represented in different aspects. The research is conducted at the intersection of philosophy, sociology (including sociology of culture) and textual criticism; the axiological aspect of the problem under discussion acquires a special meaning. The analyses of literary sources allows to trace the static and dynamics of the daily culture of antiquity, reflecting the profound changes that occurred both in the formation structures of the «great» Rome and in the sociocultural space of Roman antiquity. The scope of application of the research results is not limited to the field of humanities; possible follow-up may involve expansion of the range of sources (up to material sources, such as archaeological, statistical) and specialization in one of the areas indicated in the paper. The conclusions demonstrate the potential of the axiological approach (in conjunction with the philosophy of culture and social psychology) to the studied social and cultural phenomena.
Human corporeality in Georges Bataille’s heterology
Authors:   Kursk State University, Gorchakova Svetlana A.
Published: September 2021

In the heterology of G. Bataille, a person appears as a being doomed to death and revealing gaps in the depths of himself. That is why the idea of human corporeality turns out to be connected with the idea of inner experience, which represents a movement to the «edge of the possible» and through which death is revealed. It is death and the ability to discover it that makes a person who he is, affirming the transgressiveness of the human body and human being. Death, being absolutely heterogeneous, constitutes a person as a self-that-dies, revealing the gap that comprises its nature. Awareness of death leads to a feeling of eroticism, which contains the simultaneous affirmation of life in combination with the acceptance of death. Moreover, death is the semantic core of eroticism. The human is a «gaping hole» opening wide to the other, and all his being presupposes discontinuity and ecstasy, which means that only excess puts a man on the edge, allowing him to transcend all boundaries. In this case, the inner experience turns out to be in many ways a body experience, because the heterogeneous is constantly manifested in the ultimate experiences of the body and the ultimate manifestations of the human corporeality, where horror and lust, attractiveness and disgust are fused together. Human experience is the experience of the limits and gaps in which a person seeks to get beyond his limits, to surpass his anthropomorphic and body boundaries in an act of self-waste. Thus, being on the extreme edge, the human discovers death through transgression, but exactly in the understanding and acceptance of death he acquires true being and overcomes his own corporeality.
Key notions and ideas of Martin Heidegger’s «history of being» concept
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mitlyanskaya Maria B.
Published: September 2021

The paper explores Martin Heidegger’s concept of the «history of being». This concept was created in the philosopher’s late period. Critically analyzing the own paths of existential philosophy revealed in Being and Time, Heidegger gradually forms a spectrum of being-historical notions that will occupy a central position in contemplation after «the turn». The methods of analyzing the presence used before «the turn» create the appearance of an anthropological approach to the question of being, which becomes the main subject of the philosopher’s self-criticism. This, in particular, served as an originative impulse for the formation of the «history of being» concept. This article presents the key intentions of this concept. The author reveals these intentions in their natural interconnection, tracing the development trends from Black Notebooks to full-fledged volumes devoted to history of being. The questions asked in the renowned Heidegger’s opus magnum are revealed in a completely different plane, where the human presence (Dasein) is transformed into the foundation of the people’s essence, provided they are open to the call of being (Geschick). The author of the article does not share the opinion of researchers claiming that there are sufficient grounds to draw a hard line between Heidegger-1 and Heidegger-2, interpreting «the turn» as a sharp rejection by the philosopher of the results of his work before the 1930s. However, the being-historical layer requires new historical and philosophical interpretations: the professor’s forced release from the academic framework opened a new depth of his language and thought. Therefore, the key notions of the being-historical concept, necessary for acquaintance with it, have become the topic of this study. The hermeneutic and historical-genetic methods are the main ones applied in the study. The former, perfected by Martin Heidegger himself, is necessary in the interpretation of his texts, saturated with specific turns, original use of previously known terms, poetic allegories.
Culture infantilism and demonization of being (concerning clarification of M.K. Mamardashvili’s heroic art project)
Authors:   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Polyakov Alexander V. ,   Saratov State University
Published: September 2021

In this article, the author analyzes the contraposition between infantile consciousness and «heroic art» used by Merab Mamardashvili. Examining the phenomenon of infantile consciousness, the author discovers a number of principles underlying it. Studying how these principles give rise to areas of absent life experience (from the side of thinking or from the side of feeling), the author indicates how another principle grows out of it — the «unknowability of being» or «demonization of being». Under such conditions, a person performs an evaluation procedure instead of stating the inconceivability of a situation and the self-determination procedure (the inconceivability of a situation is evaluated negatively and is fixed in thinking in this way). Using these conclusions, the author describes a situation in which «heroism» is understood as something alien to the meanings Mamardashvili endowed the «heroic art» idea with. The alienness shows itself in the way «heroism» is expressed as defense against the «unknowability of being». The author draws attention to the principle of ratio, important to Merab Mamardashvili, which consists in maintaining the final apodictic form between the two poles — the unknowable in sensory experience and the unknowable in thinking. With the help of this principle, the meaning of Mamardashvili’s statements about «heroic art» is clarified.
The problem of consciousness management in the information society: socio-philosophical analysis
Authors:   Ryazan State Radio Engineering University named after V.F. Utkin, Arutiunian Karine S.
Published: September 2021

The theme of network society rests on the problem of changes in the basic values of individual consciousness. It is the management of consciousness that should guide all network strategies toward their real humanization, the formation of a ‘new system of values’ supporting sociocultural institutions, as well as axiological imperatives in the new network world order, thus ensuring information security. Despite the numerous works devoted to network society and management in it, there is no holistic philosophical study of consciousness management as a process and a factor contributing to the preservation of information security in conditions of instability. The lack of philosophical research into the management of consciousness in modern society makes it possible to fill the gap. In this situation, there arises a need for socio-philosophical study of the network society and consciousness management, for defining the philosophical and methodological aspect of the problem. The creation of the modern information environment, the emergence of the Internet, the diversity of social practices, the formation of new social institutions, the development of communicative technologies, the dynamism of the modern era bring to the fore the problem of a scientific approach to the analysis of consciousness management. The uncertainty and crisis nature of the world require new research with a focus on the managerial aspect (management of consciousness) in order to preserve stability and world development, information security. It also becomes necessary to identify the individual’s changing values and to develop a new system of values. This study aims to carry out socio-philosophical analysis, to identify and justify the specific features of consciousness management in a network society. The scientific significance of the work is associated with the author’s approach to determining and managing the network consciousness, and with the interrelationship of management, information and consciousness. In practical terms, the paper determines the role of managing the information crowd’s network consciousness in ensuring information security, in order to preserve the stability and development of the world civilization. The author uses the systemic and analytical approach. This study is a significant contribution to the logical and methodological base of social philosophy, management, cybernetics for further introduction into the practice of educational process and social management.
Special features of academic and sports motivation of students engaged and not engaged in sports
Authors:   Perm State University, Kondratev Igor M. , Dudorova Ekaterina V. ,   Perm State University
Published: September 2021

The paper provides results of research on academic and sports motivation of student-athletes and students who do not participate in sports. The study was carried out in the period from May 2019 to February 2020 in Perm State University. It engaged 140 students: 70 involved in sports and 70 not involved. The average age of the interviewees was M = 19.85. The following methods were used to study the students’ educational and sports motivation: Self-Efficacy Scale (as adapted by D.S. Kornienko, A.Ya. Fominykh); Self-Efficacy to Regulate Exercise (as adapted by D.S. Kornienko, A.Ya. Fominykh); Sports Motivation Scale (as adapted by D.S. Kornienko, A.Ya. Fominykh); Scale of Academic Motivation (as adapted by T.O. Gordeeva). The results of the study show that students who are not involved in sports have more pronounced types of academic motivation, such as cognitive and achievement motivation. Student-athletes are more strongly motivated than non-athletic students in such types of motivations as positive emotions, improvement, learning, achievement, approval. Student-athletes have a higher level of sportsmanship and overall self-efficacy than non-athletic students. Some correlations between sports and academic motivation within groups have been found. In the group of student-athletes, a negative correlation was found between the motivation for excellence in sports and the motivation for self-esteem in learning. As for non-athletic students, external motivation is linked to approval motivation. The positive correlation of achievement motivation with emotions and cognition has been established.
Migration and religiousness
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Vukcevic Nemanja
Published: September 2021

The subject of the research is the relationship between the phenomena of religion and migrations. The problem of their interaction has been inherent in human society since the ancient times; this problem is relevant one in nova days too. The consequences and prospects of development of this complex phenomenon in contemporary society are not sufficiently examined in science yet, especially in Sociology. In the paper, the role of religion in migration processes is studied based on the analysis of various sources, synthesis, induction, analogy, and abstraction. In course of research were analyzed numerous religious treatises, fiction works and classical sociological works, as well as works by foreign and Russian contemporary academic authors. The paper notes that the migration discourse has now shifted from the geographic and demographic to the socio-political domain. Religion has begun to play an important role at all stages of migration, both from the perspective of neoliberal and humanistic approaches. The paper aims to identify the role of the religious factor in the migration process and the role and logic of migration not only in inter-faith but also in intra-faith relations. It is shown that migration either serves as a catalyst for religious feelings and behavior or it strengthens the existing religious identity of migrants and enhances the quality of their religious feelings. The study highlights the need to improve the legislative framework of religious freedom, but also raises the question of how far religious communities can go in the process of advancing religious practice. In this regard, migrations often become a challenge for a secular state. Therefore, it is concluded that only an integrated approach would contribute to solving this problem.
Modeling the subject areas of psychological research on pain
Authors:   Perm State University, Chuloshnikov Alexey I.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the description and justification of the author’s model representing possible demarcation of subject areas in psychological and non-psychological studies of the phenomenon of pain. In the first part of the paper, the deficiencies of existing approaches to the study and explanation of pain are analyzed, and the need for rethinking the existing biopsychosocial approach is indicated, which can be done based on the understanding of pain as a phenomenon of mental reflection. As prerequisites for solving and concretizing these problems, we briefly analyze the historically established non-psychological areas of the pain study (physiological, algometric, and humanities-based), within which we identify the main issues and statements about the nature of pain (particularly as a phenomenon of the subjective world). These issues are considered in a more specific form on the basis of methodological difficulties in psychological research on pain. The main questions are formulated, including the following: the relation of the objective basis of pain to the subjective experience; determination of the subject area of psychological research into pain; determination of the categorical status of pain and its relation to other phenomena of the psyche, to the categories of «subject», «personality». In the second part of the article, based on the indicated theoretical and empirical assumptions, a graphical model illustrating potential subject areas of psychological and non-psychological research is derived. The model reflects the place of various pain phenomena within a single selection process, and the exclusion of the information necessary to reflect and regulate the interaction of an organism and a destructive agent at the physiological, mental (direct behavioral regulation), and sociopsychological levels (socially-mediated regulation). In accordance with the levels of ‘pain’ regulation and reflection, we formulate the following: hypothetical scope of the pain concept (the narrow and broad definition); subject areas and their specifics; possible determinants that represent their phenomenology; possible hierarchical relationships of pain reflection levels. The paper also provides an outline of a hypothetical mechanism that connects the process of selecting pain experiences (the content of the subjective picture of pain) to the individual personality characteristics of the subject experiencing pain.
Mythology of RuNet network communities
Authors:   Kuban State University, Plotichkina Natalia V.
Published: September 2021

The article is part of a project aimed at researching the subjective policy space in a network society. It is dedicated to the mythology of RuNet online communities («MAMA™», «Real Football»). The myth is characterized as a discursive construct that conveys ideology. The study was carried out using content analysis, which made it possible to identify the thematic discourse structure of online communities, and the discourse-mythological approach, developed by D. Kelsey based on the integration of critical discourse analysis and the theory of myths. The research is based on C. Flood, R. Barthes’s concepts of the myth, M. Mauss’s explication of magic as a technique for changing the reality. The network community «MAMA™» broadcasts mythical narratives about natural motherhood, maternal instinct and altruism, universal maternal experience, the archetypes of «yummy mummy» and «pregnant beauty». Myths legitimize the ideology of intensive motherhood; there is discursive framing of consumption as a material expression of maternal love and care. On the page of the online community «Real Football», the football club is presented as a dream factory; the status of heroes and wizards is attributed to players and coaches; the creators of community unite supporters through a family myth. Myths spread and support the ideologies of «football-centrism», «football as a man's game»; mythology hides the «microphysics of power» of football life from the view of the «other». Keywords: myth, mythologization, social media, discourse-mythologi
Anxiety and depression in athletes assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) - a systematic scoping review
Authors: Armino Nur , Gouttebarge Vincent , Mellalieu Stephen , Schlebusch Ruan , Van Wyk JP , Hendricks Sharief
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Poor mental health of athletes is major concern in sport. Typically, incidence/prevalence of mental health symptoms in athletes is studied using symptom-specific questionnaires. For symptoms of depression/anxiety, one such self-reporting questionnaire is the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12).

Objective: The aim of this review was to synthesise and compare studies using the GHQ-12 in athletes to inform future research by identifying trends and gaps in the literature.

Methods: A systematic search of five electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, PsychINFO, Scopus and Web of Science) was conducted on all published studies up to 1 January 2019. 1) participants were able-bodied athletes; 2) studies measured anxiety/depression using the GHQ-12; 3) studies were full original articles from peer-reviewed journals; 4) studies were published in English.

Results: 32 studies were included in the review. Prevalence and incidence of symptoms of anxiety/depression ranged from 21-48% and 17-57% respectively. The majority of studies screening anxiety/depression using the GHQ-12 were cross-sectional. Almost 70% of studies used the traditional scoring method. The majority of study populations sampled all-male cohorts comprising football (soccer) players.

Conclusion: The traditional scoring of 0-0-1-1 should be used with the cut-off set at ≥3. Also, the mean GHQ-12 score should be reported. Potential risk factors for symptoms of anxiety/depression (i.e. recent adverse life events, injury and illness, social support, pressure to perform and career transitioning) and a lack of prospective studies were identified. Future research should also broaden the spectrum of athlete populations used and try to improve response rates.
Collection and preservation of eDNA from marine water samples v1
Authors: Ramón-Laca Ana , Wells Abigail , Park Linda
Published: September 2021

This protocol is designed for water collection from Niskin bottles and filtration at sea using reusable filter cups. Aim: to collect and filter 2.5 L of water at each depth from each CTD cast and preserved the filter at room temperature.
RNA-Stable Isotope Probing v7
Authors: Angel Roey , Petrova Eva , Lara Ana
Published: September 2021

The following protocol describes how to perform an RNA-Stable Isotope Probing experiment. The scope of this protocol only covers the parts involving separating labelled RNA from unlabelled RNA using ultracentrifugation in a caesium trifluoroacetate density gradient and downstream quantification to evaluate whether the labelling and separation of the RNA were successful. Total RNA should be extracted from an environmental sample or an enrichment culture that was incubated with an isotopically-labelled substrate. Labelling can be of the carbon, oxygen or nitrogen in the RNA (or any combination of the 3). For environmental samples, we recommend extracting RNA using our protocol Total Nucleic Acids Extraction from Soil and purifying it using the Purification of RNA from Crude NA Extract protocol. This protocol is based on the following papers: Whiteley et al. (2007); Dumont et al. (2011); Angel and Conrad (2013). For a comprehensive discussion on how to design a SIP experiment and how to analyse the resulting data, we recommend referring to the recent book on the subject: Stable Isotope Probing: Methods and Protocols, especially chapters: 1-3 and 9-18.
eDNA extraction: phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol DNA purification from filters stored in Longmire buffer v1
Authors: Ramón-Laca Ana , Wells Abigail , Park Linda
Published: September 2021

This is an organic DNA extraction method for filters preserved in 2 ml of Longmire buffer that uses a phase lock to allow easy decanting of the aqueous layer instead of pipetting.
FindingNemo Library 3: KrazyStarFish (KSF) v1
Authors: Tyson John , Cahyani Inswasti , Holmes Nadine , Quick Josh , Loman Nicholas , Loose Matthew
Published: September 2021

This sub-protocol is designed to prepare library from extracted ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) DNA to obtain ultra-long (UL) reads on Nanopore sequencers. The UL library protocol we tested here is based on ONT's rapid kit, i.e., SQK-RAD004, a transposase based adapter ligation kit. We named this protocol KrazyStarFish (KSF). It offers a different approach to UL library prep, by using filter paper shaped as a starfish at the DNA precipitation/clean-up step. It can consistently produced N50 > 100 kb with the right transposase to DNA ratio. This protocol was developed by John Tyson at UBC, Vancouver.
La lectura crítica: una mirada desde el aula en una institución educativa de Tunja, Colombia
Authors: Granados Robles Diana Carolina , Londoño Vásquez David Alberto
Published: September 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue fortalecer los niveles de lectura crítica de estudiantes de grado noveno en una institución educativa pública de Tunja (Colombia) en 2017. Se realizó una prueba diagnóstica, la cual permitió diseñar talleres pedagógicos e implementarlos en las clases. Posteriormente, se compararon los resultados obtenidos en el diagnóstico con la prueba final y se hizo un seguimiento a seis participantes de los 24 que tomaron ambas. Los resultados fueron positivos, dado que los participantes afianzaron sus niveles de lectura crítica y evidenciaron el desarrollo de capacidades frente a las propiedades textuales.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES
Authors: Tolok I.V. , Banzak G.V. , Lenkov E.S. , Vozikova L.M.
Published: September 2021

A characteristic feature of complex technical objects for special purposes is the presence in their composition of a large number (tens, hundreds of thousands) of various types component parts, which have different levels of reliability, different patterns of their wear and tear processes. This feature requires a more subtle approach to the organization and planning of maintenance in course of their operation.

The problem is that in the development of such facilities, all issues related to maintainability and maintenance should be addressed already at the early stages of facility design. If you do not provide in advance the necessary hardware and software for the built-in monitoring of technical condition (TC) of the object, do not develop and "build" the maintenance technology into the object, then it will not be possible to realize in the future a possible gain in the reliability of the object due to maintenance. Since all these issues must be resolved at the stage of object creation (when the object does not yet exist), mathematical models of the maintenance process are needed, with the help of which it would be possible to calculate the possible gain in the level of reliability the facility due to maintenance, to estimate the cost costs required for this. Then, on the basis of such calculations, make a decision on the need for maintenance for this type of objects and, if such a decision is made, develop the structure of the maintenance system, choose the most acceptable maintenance strategy, and determine its optimal parameters.

The article shows that the optimal parameters of various maintenance strategies significantly depend on both the reliability and cost structure of the facility and specified requirements for the facility's reliability . The higher the specified value , the more serviced items should be included in the optimal maintenance strategy.

It has also been proven that the effectiveness of various maintenance strategies depends significantly on the reliability and cost structure of object. If the distribution of cost restored (including serviced) elements is closely correlated with the distribution of their reliability indicators, difference in effectiveness of different maintenance strategies is reduced. This is clearly seen in the example of Test-2 object, for which the least reliable elements are also the most expensive.
Features of the life of the individual in the socio-cultural conditions of the" pandemic period
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bobrovnyk T. D.
Published: September 2021

Analytical note
Features of On-Line Behavior in Adolescents with Different Levels of Self-Concept Clarity
Authors: Rubtsova O.V. , Poskakalova T.A. , Shiryaeva E.I.
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of an empirical study, focusing on the association between self-concept clarity, online behavior and self-presentation in adolescence. The study was conducted in the framework of the research project “Digital Portrait of Contemporary Adolescents”, operated by the Center for Inter- disciplinary Research on Contemporary Childhood in Moscow State University of Psychology and Education. The data was collected in February 2020. 52 adolescents, studying in School № 27 in Mitischi (Russia, Moscow Region) took part in the survey. The following methods were used: Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCCS, J. Campbell); The Presentation of Online Self-Scale (POSS, C. Fullwood); Face- book Intensity Scale (FIS, N.B. Ellison); Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS, S.W. Chen); Online Activity Questionnaire (O.V. Rubtsova, T.A. Poskaklova). Data shows that strategies of adolescents’ interaction and self-presentation in social networks relate to their self-concept clarity. Adolescents with low self-concept clarity tend to experiment in virtual space: they often provide inaccurate information about themselves and create numerous cyber-identities. This group of adolescents is also inclined to risky online behavior and Internet-addiction. All these indicators improve with the increase of self-concept clarity. The data testifies that contemporary adolescents use social networks as platforms for experimenting (e.g. with roles), in the process of which they resolve important age challenges, related to the development of agency and formation of self-concept.
Relationship Between Enthusiasm for Online Gaming and Learning Motivation Among Students of Different Status
Authors: Kochetkov N.V. , Volozhaeva E.N.
Published: September 2021

The article answers the question how learning motivation and enthusiasm for online gaming are related in students with low, medium and high social status. We present results of a study conducted in 2020 that involved 104 students of 9—11 grades of Moscow schools, 41% (n=43) males, 59% (n=61) females. The techniques used in the study included the academic motivation scale, the assessment tool for game addiction, sociometry, the reference measurement technique, and the technique for identifying informal intragroup power structure in a contact community. The results show that each structure of the integral intragroup status is characterized by its own relationship between learning motivation and willingness to engage intensively in online gaming. As it was revealed, in the attraction structure of intragroup status among high-status students the game addiction indicator is negatively correlated to learning motivation, whereas in the structure of informal power among low-status students this correlation is positive.
Assessing Information and Communicative Competence of Future Special Education Teachers in the Use of Resources of the Informational Educational Environment
Authors: Artemova E.E. , Danilova A.M. , Podvalnaya E.V. , Tishina L.A.
Published: September 2021

This article aims to analyse the problem of developing the readiness to use re- sources and services of the informational educational environment in work and study in students of pedagogical universities (future special educational needs (SEN) teachers). The urgency of creating technologies for practice-oriented train- ing of future SEN teachers (speech pathologists, teachers of individuals with hearing and visual impairments, teachers of children with mental retardation) is caused by the increasing requirements to the training of such specialists. The article presents results of an experimental study on the levels of information and communicative competence in first- and second-year students (N=114) of bachelor programmes in special education of children with disabilities. We used the following methods in our study: online questionnaires, pedagogical observation, practical tasks and tests within certain courses, and analysis of students’ works that were conducted using ICT (information and communication technologies). The criteria that we established for assessing the general user, pedagogical and subject components of ICT competence allowed us to determine its levels in bachelor students. The analysis of the data obtained in our study helped to identify the areas of concern and the necessary elements in the training of future special education teachers.