bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parameters of the electric strength of air in a surface antenna during the emission of an ultrahigh-frequency pulse with a trapezoidal envelope
Authors: Volkov Aleksey A.
Published: December 2020

On the basis of the breakdown criterion and the equation of continuity of electrons in air, the amplitude and energy parameters of the electric strength of air in the surface antenna of a powerful microwave relativistic generator are determined when pulses are emitted with a trapezoidal envelope. Triangular and rectangular envelopes were considered as boundary cases of a trapezoidal envelope. The dependence of the parameters of electric strength on the shape of the envelope has been established. The calculation of the dependences of the breakdown field and the maximum permissible energy in a flat aperture on the pulse duration in the range of realizable durations of powerful relativistic microwave generators is carried out. For the same duration, the largest breakdown field has a pulse with a triangular envelope, and the smallest a pulse with a rectangular envelope. Wherein a pulse with a triangular envelope has the lowest maximum permissible energy, and a rectangular one has the highest. The relationships between the maximum permissible energy and the breakdown field for the pulses under consideration are determined. With the same maximum permissible peak amplitude, the highest energy has a pulse with a triangular envelope, and the smallest a pulse with a rectangular envelope.
Features of the development of broadband frequency mixers with suppression of the mirror channel in the range frequencies 9–27 GHz
Authors: Uglov Grigoriy A. , Belova Yulia V.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to features of the development two types of broadband frequency mixers with image channel suppression in the frequency range 927 GHz. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal ways to solve the problem of modeling complex multifunctional microwave units. The article discusses the development process of such functional units as the local oscillator amplifier, low-noise amplifier and frequency mixer. Comparisons of the calculated characteristics with the results of measurements of the manufactured models of the samples are given. Attention is also paid to the technology of manufacturing field-effect transistors, resistors and capacitors that are part of the functional units of the frequency mixer. The scientific novelty lies in the uniqueness of the product development, which includes several functional units on one crystal. As a result, two types of frequency mixers with suppression of the mirror channel in a package design have been created, which, in terms of their characteristics, can replace similar foreign products from Analog Devices.
Research the load capacity of microcircuits
Authors: Yarantseva Katerina S. , Shopin Gennady P. , Piganov Mikhail N. , Andrusenko Vladimir S.
Published: December 2020

The device for the definition of the integrated circuits load-driving capability is offered. Device for determining the output capability of microcircuits refers to the field of microminiaturization and the technology of radio electronic equipment and can be used to control the parameters of microcircuits during their production. The device contains a rectangular pulse generator, an integrated circuit that is being tested, a repeater, load, a switch, an AND gate, a comparator, a pulse counter and a voltage reference, a vibrator, a reversible pulse counter, a decoder, and an indicator. Technical result when implementing the disclosed solution is high accuracy and reliability of determining load capacity of microcircuits. The proposed device allows increasing accuracy and reliability of defining circuits load-driving capacity. It also allows testing of TTL, Schottky-TTL, and MOSFET circuits. There are two switchable operating modes for testing fan-out for logical high and low levels. It is easy to replace a circuit that is being tested and load.
Modified DRM+ signal generation algorithm with reduced crest factor
Authors: Morozov Konstantin Yu.
Published: December 2020

To reduce the crest factor in the DRM+ system due to the limitations imposed by the standard the peak limiting method (clipping) and the window weighting method, which are based on signal distortion, are widely used. As a result of the application of these methods out-of-band emissions in the signal spectrum significantly increase. After filtering out-of-band emissions the effect of a repeated increase in the crest factor appears. In this regard, there is an urgent scientific and technical problem of finding the optimal method for filtering out-of-band emissions of the DRM+ signal. The purpose of this article is to analyze the existing methods for filtering out-of-band emissions in the process of reducing the crest factor in a DRM system, as well as choosing the optimal filtering algorithm after reducing the crest factor for DRM+ transmitters. A method for suppressing out-of-band emissions using a digital filter based on FFT / IFFT is considered. The modeling of the proposed algorithm for filtering the signal by the mask of out-of-band emissions is carried out. Comparative studies of the method of the standard filtering algorithm and the proposed algorithm are carried out; the high efficiency of the latter is shown. The results obtained will improve the efficiency of reducing the crest factor in broadcasting transmitters of the DRM + standard, thereby increasing their power efficiency.
Electromagnetic compatibility in CNC machines upgrade
Authors: Antonov Arcadiy Yu. , Danilaev Dmitriy P.
Published: December 2020

Abtract One of the types of modernization of CNC machines is the replacement of outdated electronic control units with more functional and compact ones, made on a modern element base. However, in the course of work on the modernization of CNC machines, characteristic problems of electromagnetic compatibility arise. The report examines the features of the electromagnetic compatibility of equipment, blocks and assemblies of CNC machines during modernization. Based on the analysis of the factors characterizing the electromagnetic environment, typical failures of the electronic part of the control system of a CNC machine tool during testing, the need for the development of measures to ensure EMC is shown. All measures to ensure electromagnetic compatibility are not intended to reduce degradation, but to ensure the full implementation of all equipment functionality. General solutions are proposed that are applicable to the modernization of most second-generation CNC machine tools.
Algorithm for conducting autonomous tests of radio electronic means
Authors: Bykov Alexey P.
Published: December 2020

Due to the increasing complexity of radio electronic equipment, the problem of its reliability becomes much more acute. At the same time, the task of evaluating on-board equipment at the design and production stages becomes very urgent. An important issue is also the reliable determination of numerical values of its reliability indicators. Ground-based experimental testing of samples of on-board radio-electronic facilities, devices, assemblies and units facilitates the solution of this problem. Inthe course of this testing, various tests conducted. It been shown that the timeliest information about the quality and reliability of the equipment can be obtained from autonomous tests. In the article, the choice of an autonomous test facility has made. Amicroprocessor-based temperature controller chosen as an autonomous test object. The expert evaluation method used to select the object. Analysis of specifications carried out. The scope of autonomous tests was determined. An algorithm for autonomous testing of on-board radio electronic equipment of spacecraft was developed. It has properties of discreteness, determinacy, limb and mass. The development of the autonomous test algorithm takes more account of the specifics of the technology used to manufacture the product under test and the test sequence. One of the options for mathematical modelling of the process of selecting test equipment for autonomous tests been considered.
Is Male Reproductive System More Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 Than Female’s?
Authors: Sadeghi Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
The Impact of Third Party Reproduction on Family and Kinship
Authors: Behjati Ardakani Zohreh , Navabakhsh Mehrdad , Tremayne Soraya , Akhondi Mohammad Mehdi , Ranjbar Fahimeh , Mohseni Tabrizi Alireza
Published: December 2020

The development of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in the UK, in 1978, proved a major breakthrough in the process of human reproduction, which had remained constant in human history. The impact of IVF and the ensuing assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) has not been limited in revolutionizing the "natural" practice of biological reproduction, but has reached out to and affected almost every institution in society. Family and kinship, as the social expression of reproduction and the institutions which are the most transparently structured realm of human life are those most profoundly affected by ARTs. Although literature on the implications of ARTs is in general abundant, this article presents new insights on their impact on family and kinship in Iran, which remains a unique case in the Muslim world. It explores the particular way ARTs, especially third-party donation, have been endorsed and practiced in Iran, and their consequences for the family, the infertile individuals, and their position vis-à-vis their kin and social group. The conclusion points to the lack of clarity concerning the initial rulings by the Islamic jurists, who allowed the practice of ARTs, and which has led to a number of unintended consequences regarding the legal, religious, cultural, and ethical issues, affecting the family, its structure and the relationship between the kin group. These consequences range, inter alia, from the question of the anonymity of third-party donor, to the permissibility of gamete donation between blood relatives, and to the absence of enforceable legislation.
The Effects of Ovarian Encapsulation on Morphology and Expression of Apoptosis-Related Genes in Vitrified Mouse Ovary
Authors: Shirazi Tehrani Atefeh , Mazoochi Tahereh , Akhavan Taheri Maryam , Aghadavood Esmat , Salehnia Mojdeh
Published: December 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of alginate hydrogel as a capsule to protect the ovary against possible detrimental effects of vitrification and warming on morphology and expression of apoptosis-related genes in the mouse ovary.
Methods: In this experimental study, the ovaries from twenty-five female 8-week-old mice were divided into five groups of non-vitrified ovaries, vitrified ovaries, ovaries that were encapsulated with concentrations of 0.5, 0.75 and 1% of alginate hydrogel. The morphological study was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression levels of apoptosis-associated genes were quantified in each group by real-time RT-PCR. The one-way ANOVA and post hoc test were used to analyze the data and values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The results of follicle count showed that the mean of total follicles in all groups was not significantly different. The average number of atretic follicles in vitrified and experimental groups significantly increased in comparison with the non-vitrified group (p=0.001). The results of the evaluation of apoptosis-related genes showed that the ratio of BAX/BCL-2 in experimental groups 1 and 2 was significantly higher than the vitrified  group and experimental group 3 (p=0.000). The expression level of caspase 3 gene was not significantly different among all groups.
Conclusion: Ovarian encapsulation with used concentrations of alginate hydrogel failed to improve the morphology and molecular aspects of follicles and it was not able to better preserve the intact follicles of vitrified ovaries. However, morphological and molecular findings appear to improve with increasing alginate hydrogel concentration.
Relationship Between Polycystic Ovarian Morphology and Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Ozel Sule , Alkan Mihriban , Tokmak Aytekin , Oksuzoglu Aysegul , Kaya Melike , Aktulay Ayla , Engin-Ustun Yaprak
Published: December 2020

Background: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the presence of polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) in patients with ectopic pregnancy (EP) and to find out the value of sonographic appearance of ovaries on the earlier diagnosis of EP.
Methods: In the current case-control study, thirty five patients with EP were re-cruited to evaluate ovarian sonographic morphology whereas 35 gestational age-matched women with healthy intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) were the controls. After ovarian sonography, ultrasound images were analyzed offline for ovarian area, ovarian volume, follicle number per cross section, and follicle distribution pattern. A questionnaire about the presence of hirsutism and menstrual irregularity prepared as well. Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare continuous variables between 2 groups and categorical data were evaluated by using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, where appropriate. Multiple logistic regression was used to find out the risk factors for EP.
Results: Mean gravidity and parity were significantly higher in the EP group com-pared to IUP group (p<0.05). PCOM was found to be significantly higher in the study group (51.4% vs. 20%, p=0.006). Logistic regression analysis showed that multiparity (OR=8.635; 95% CI, 1.653-45.104) and PCOM image on ultrasound (OR=19.081; 95% CI, 1.139-319.560) were found to be significantly associated with EP.
Conclusion: PCOM is more prevalent among women diagnosed with EP. This study demonstrates that PCOM assessed by transvaginal ultrasound may reflect EP in women with EP suspicion and may therefore serve as a clinical marker to assess EP.
Exploring the Genetic Diversity of Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Its Phenotypic Spectrum: A Case Series
Authors: Danda Vijay Sheker Reddy , Paidipelly Srinivas Rao , Verepula Madhavi , Lodha Piyush , Thaduri Krishna Reddy , Konda Chaitanya , Ruhi Apsia
Published: December 2020

Background: Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a rare disorder being classified as Kallmann syndrome (KS). The present study was conducted to study the genotype and relative proportion of different genetic mutations in IHH and to assess its correlation with phenotype.
Methods: Eleven consecutive subjects presenting to the Department of Endocrinology were retrospectively analyzed during May 2017 to December 2018 with IHH. Phenotypic features and hormonal studies were analyzed along with clinical exome by targeted gene sequencing (Next generation sequencing). Thirty-nine relevant genes were tested in the analysis.
Results: Of the 11 patients studied, five had KS and six had nIHH. At diagnosis, mean chronological age was 25 years. There were associated anomalies in KS group including bimanual synkinesia (n=2), unilateral renal agenesis (n=1) and submucosal cleft palate (n=1). Absence or hypoplasia of the olfactory bulb/sulci was found in 4/5 patients with KS. Genetic mutations in KAL1, CHD7, FGFR1, GNRHR, PROKR2, HS6ST1 genes were found in nine of the eleven subjects. Of the five subjects with KS, two had mutations in KAL1 gene. Two siblings who had bimanual synkinesia had CHD7 mutation. The genotype of nIHH subjects (n=6) was more heterogeneous.
Conclusion: This study analyzed the clinical, endocrinological, and genetic features in IHH patients. Detectable genetic mutations were seen in a large proportion of cases. A considerable heterogeneity was seen in the genotype with new variants detected. A definite correlation of phenotype-genotype was not possible, and significant overlap was seen between CHD7 and KAl1, and FGFR1 phenotypes.
Frequency of Sperm Aneuploidy in Oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) Patients by Comprehensive Chromosome Screening: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Saei Parishad , Bazrgar Masood , Gourabi Hamid , Kariminejad Roxana , Eftekhari-Yazdi Poopak E , Fakhri Mostafa
Published: December 2020

Background: Embryonic aneuploidy usually results in implantation failure and miscarriage. Considering significantly high frequency of sperm aneuploidy reported in oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in limited number of chromosomes and lack of comprehensive chromosome screening (CCS) in OAT, the aim of this study was applying CCS in OAT sperm and comparison of the results with FISH findings.
Methods: Five OAT patients with normal blood karyotypes and history of implantation failure were included. The successfully amplified samples, each containing two sperm, were analyzed by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). FISH was utilized mainly depending on the aneuploidies found by aCGH to assess their frequencies in total sperm population.
Results: In aCGH for 30 sperm, aneuploidy was found in 66% of samples. Following the study of 4300 sperm by FISH, an average of 55.46% aneuploidy was observed. No pregnancy was resulted with normal partners.
Conclusion: Using aCGH, some abnormalities were observed that are not typically considered in sperm FISH studies. Despite small sample size of the comprehensive study, like other similar studies, the frequency of aneuploidies was considerable and similar to FISH. Aneuploidies revealed by aCGH at single sperm resolution were different from sperm population detected by FISH. Considering high frequency of aneuploidy in OATs sperm, preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) can be used for in transfer of chromosomally normal embryos.
Successful Targeted Testicular Sperm Extraction Using Microsurgical Technique (microTESE) Following Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Mapping in a Non-Obstructive Azoospermia (NOA) Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Birowo Ponco , Tendi William , Rasyid Nur , Turek Paul J , Rizal Sini Ivan , Rizal Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Background: Management for male infertility can be difficult for some cases. Surgical intervention has long been thought as the last resort to help married couples to conceive. The current guideline recommends testicular sperm extraction with microsurgery technique (microTESE) in severe cases of male infertility. However, the success rate still varies. Thus, a new strategy was needed to further increase the sperm retrieval success rate.
Case Presentation: A 39-year-old male with a history of failed sperm extraction, non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and Y-chromosomal microdeletion came to the fertility center to undergo sperm retrieval. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) Mapping was performed prior to microTESE to increase the accuracy of sperm retrieval. After further examination with laser assisted immotile sperm selection (LAISS), five spermatozoa were found.
Conclusion: The combination of FNA Mapping and microTESE increases the chance of a successful sperm extraction.
The First Livebirth Using Warmed Oocytes by a Semi-Automated Vitrification Procedure
Authors: Orriols Brunetti Xavier , Cawood Suzanne , Gaunt Matthew , Saab Wael , Serhal Paul , Seshadri Srividya
Published: December 2020

Background: The first successful livebirth using warmed oocytes (vitrified by the GAVITM system) is reported in this paper. Embryologists throughout the world have vitrified oocytes using a manual technique which is susceptible to error and variation. In this era of automated laboratory procedures, vitrification was made semi-automatic by using the GAVITM system.
Case Presentation: Donor oocytes were initially vitrified using the GAVITM system. They remained in the clinic’s oocyte bank until they were allocated to the patient. Donor oocytes were warmed as per Genea BIOMEDX protocol and inseminated to create embryos. Resulting embryos for the 42-year-old patient were cultured to the blastocyst stage, biopsied to perform PGT-A, using next generation sequencing and subsequently vitrified. The patient underwent a single euploid transfer in a frozen embryo transfer cycle which resulted in a healthy livebirth.
Conclusion: The introduction of a semi-automated system should minimize the risk to the oocytes, standardize the procedure worldwide and potentially reduce the laboratory time taken by the embryologists. This case report demonstrates the safety of the technology used for vitrification, but larger randomized studies need to be performed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of newer technologies like the GAVITM system before adopting it as a standard laboratory procedure.
Obesity and Infertility: Persian Medicine Perspective
Authors: Pasalar Mehdi , Mosaffa-Jahromi Maryam , Amooee Sedigheh , Daneshfard Babak
Published: December 2020

This article is a Letter to Editor and does not include an Abstract.
Computer assisted instruction during quarantine and computer vision syndrome
Authors: Hashempoor Anahita
Published: December 2020

Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a set of visual, ocular, and musculoskeletal symptoms that result from long-term computer use. These symptoms include eyestrain, dry eyes, burning, pain, redness, blurred vision, etc, which increase with the duration of computer use. Currently, with the closure of schools and universities due to the continued COVID19 pandemic many universities have taken the process of online education courses and the use of mobile phones, tablets، computer monitors and e-readers is increasing day by day. CVS not only reduces study and learning quality and productivity of the students, but it also has a high economic burden by increasing musculoskeletal injuries and ophthalmologist visits due to visual and ocular symptoms. With the expansion of online education programs, it is necessary for students to be aware of these complications, as well as to teach them appropriate strategies to control and prevent these harmful effects of computers.
Identification and evaluation of human errors in nurses in different wards of yazd Mother hospital before and after proposed control strategies using SHERPA method in 2019
Authors: Jafari Nodoushan R , Halvani Gh , Firouzi F
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Despite widespread efforts to reduce human error in different occupations, unsafe practices and behaviors are still the main cause of many accidents. The occurrence of medical errors in health care systems as one of the most important factors in decreasing the quality of services in this field has received much attention in recent years. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and evaluate all kinds of human error among nurses of Yazd Mother hospital.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted at Yazd Mother hospital in 2019. All nursing duties in gynecology, infertility, emergency, neonatal intensive care, and in vitro fertilization were identified and subdivided using hierarchical task analysis (HTA) and then analyzed using SHERPA method.
Results: The highest number of errors was in a gynecology (83), infertility (73), emergency (54), neonatal intensive care (31) and in vitro fertilization, respectively. The highest percentage of errors was related to performance in all sectors. The least frequent error was selection error.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that functional errors account for a large proportion of errors, which should be the priority of control strategies in each segment for these types of errors in order to prevent such errors. The magnitude of the errors identified after the proposed control solutions in all sections indicated the fact that acceptable solutions can be achieved by applying these strategies.
Investigation of relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and quality of life among firefighters in Birjand City at 2018
Authors: Sadeghi khorashad M , Rezaieyan E , Abdolahnezhad A
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Firefighters are at high risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and that Quality of Life (QoL) is seriously compromised in individuals who have PTSD. This study was designed to assess the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorders and quality of life among firefighters.
Materials and Methods: In this analytical and cross-sectional study, all firefighters in Birjand city were selected by census method (N = 96) in 2018. PTSD and QoL status was assessed by the Persian version of the Mississippi (Eshel) and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires, respectively. Using Cronbach's α, the Iranian version of these two scales' internal reliability has been reported to be 0.92 and more than 0.7, respectively. Data analysis using SPSS software version 21 and independent T-test, ANOVA, Tukey's test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis.
Results: The results showed that most firefighters (70.5%) were suffered from moderate PTSD symptoms (79.2± 11.7). Based on the self-report scale, 53.7% of the firefighters rated their quality of life as Good, and 43.2% of the firefighters were satisfied with their health. Statistical analysis showed that there is a statistically significant inverse relationship between PTSD score and areas of mental health (P = 0.03), social relations (P = 0.002), and environmental health (P = 0.004). Between PTSD score and physical health, no statistically significant relationship was found (P = 0.08).
Conclusion: This study has proven a high rate of PTSD among firefighters and its negative correlation with the quality of their life. However, most firefighters rated their health and quality of life as good. Implementing strategies to combat mental disorders among firefighters improves the quality of their life and increases their job productivity.
Risk assessment of mortality from silicosis and lung cancer in workers of machine factories and traditional brick production workshops with crystalline silica exposure
Authors: Rezazahehazari M , Sahatfardi F , Zarei F , Ebrahimi Hariri A , Salehpour S , Soori H
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Exposure to dust is an essential factor in the brick production industry. Determining the mortality rate from silicosis and lung cancer is very important in exposure to crystalline silica dust. Therefore, this study was conducted to risk assessment of workers in machine factories and traditional brick production workshops.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 in a machine factory and five traditional active brick production workshops in Qarchak and Varamin city located in the southeast of Tehran. All employees of a brick-making machine factory (40 people) and five traditional brick-making workshops (30 people) were selected by census sampling. Their exposure to total respiratory dust and respirable crystalline silica was evaluated by the NIOSH0600 method and NIOSH7602 optimal method. Mortality risk assessment from silicosis and lung cancer was performed based on Mannetej and Rice models. Data were analyzed by t-test after entering SPSS19 software.
Results: The average concentrations of crystalline silica and total respiratory dust in traditional workshops are 0.651 ±0.69 and 28.27 ± 23.05, and in a machine factory are 0.297± 0.27 and 17.6 ±8.6 mg / m3. The T-test showed a significant difference between the traditional and mechanical brick factory in occupational exposure to total respiratory dust (P=0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in exposure to crystalline silica (P=0.107). In both traditional and machine brick factory, the risk of death from silicosis and lung cancer is unacceptable.
Conclusion: The results showed that the industry's mechanization has reduced exposure to total respiratory dust and crystalline silica and reduces the risk of death from lung cancer. But the risk of death from lung cancer and silicosis is still high in both traditional and mechanical factories
Changes in the hearing threshold of workers in a steel industry: 5-year follow-up
Authors: Miri R , Zamani AR , Nasri A , Hadizadeh H
Published: December 2020

Introduction: noise is one of the most important harmful factors in the workplace. The physiological effects of noise on humans are gradual in the long run. Despite industrial advances, exposure to excessive noise is one of the health problems of workers in the world's steel industry. This study aimed to investigate the effect of noise on hearing loss in steel industry workers.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was designed and conducted. The study population was 121 workers in a steel rolling industry whose 5-year audiometry was studied from 1391 to 1395. An audiometer performed the audiometric test of these workers in 5 years. Their audiometric results were extracted from their medical records and examined under ethical principles. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21, and T-Test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The mean age of participants was 38.88 ± 4.92 years and the mean work experience was 10.94 ± 3.57 years. In this study, a gradual increase in the average hearing threshold at different frequencies in both ears was seen from 2012 to 2016.
Conclusion: noise as a detrimental factor in the steel industry causes a gradual increase in exposed workers' hearing threshold.
Spirometric evaluation of pulmonary function in Yazd’s dental laboratory workers in 1398
Authors: Hatami M , Mehrpaevar AH , Kouchak zadeh A
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Spirometry is used as a screening method for occupational lung diseases. Dental laboratory workers are exposed to solvent vapors, toxic gases, and dust from metal alloys, acrylics, and gypsum. This study aimed to investigate the spirometric function of lung function in dental staff in Yazd.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 37 technicians of dental laboratories in Yazd in the three months of spring 2017. To evaluate respiratory problems and their pulmonary function, standard respiratory and spirometry questionnaires according to ATS / ESR guidelines were used, respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18 using Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, and Student's T-test.
Results: Mean age of participants was 35.59±1.13. 54% of participants had no respiratory symptoms. The most common respiratory complain were dry and exudative cough. The work field was the only influential factor in FVC%. Age and work experience, and exercise no significant effect on respiratory parameters. Overall spirometry parameters were in the normal pattern range, and only 5% of participants showed a mild restrictive pattern.
Conclusion: Spirometric pulmonary function of Yazd'dental laboratory technicians was in the normal range, and possibly working in the dental laboratory did not have a significant effect on the pulmonary Function of technicians based on spirometric indices.
Comparison of error tree analysis and TRIPOD BETA in accident analysis of a power plant industry using hierarchical analysis
Authors: Akhavan A , Karimi H , Halvani GH
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Due to the importance and necessity of accident analysis, it is necessary to use the proper technique for precise accident analysis and provide corrective and preventive measures to prevent an accident's recurrence.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical paper, the most important criteria for investigating and selecting accident investigation and analysis techniques and selecting the best accident analysis method were identified in critical industrial accidents in the construction phase, were identified and analyzed. In this study, the most important criteria for selecting an accident analysis method were identified using previous research and gathering expert opinions. Then, two critical power plant accidents were analyzed using TRIPOD BETA and FTA accident analysis methods. Then the pairwise comparisons matrix was formed based on the strengths and weaknesses of the models. Finally, the prioritization of these two methods was done using the hierarchical analysis decision-making method. 
Results: In this paper, seven key factors, model realism, model descriptive, systematic modeling, run time, required training courses, ability to quantify, and visibility of events, were identified as the most important criteria for selecting an incident analysis method.
Conclusion: The TRIPOD BETA method has been introduced as an optimal method for investigating specific events due to its capabilities.
Stroke and drivers' job fitness
Authors: Attarchi MS , Bakhshayesh Eghbali B , Seyed Mehdi SM
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Stroke is considered a relatively common disease in developing societies. This disease is one of the most important causes of sudden non-cardiac incapacity. On the other hand, the disease can naturally occur in working-age and drivers. Therefore evaluation of the fitness for work in a driver with a history of stroke can be a significant challenge for the occupational health physician and road safety. 
Materials and Methods: In this study, to identify the main indicators and evaluate job fitness in a driver with stroke history, research has been conducted in valid databases such as Embase, UpToDate, PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Scopus, and web of science. Indicators that should be considered in this evaluation include the type and severity of the stroke, the probability of recurrence of the stroke attack, the degree and type of limb defect in the driver following the stroke, etc. Also in this study has been paid to some guidelines for help in deciding how to continue driving.
Results: Stroke is the most common acute neurological disease among working-age adults. About a quarter of strokes occur at working age. Cerebrovascular disease can lead to sudden disability. Approximately 50% of people with stroke in developed countries want to continue driving.
Conclusion: Things such as the probability of occurrence of stroke and sudden incapacity in the future and comparing this amount with acceptable risk and the amount of limb defect caused by stroke and its interference with driving should be considered. Also, consumption medications and their side effects and other comorbidities should be considered in this job fitness evaluation.
Hayvansal Üretimin Bölgesel Kalkınmaya Yönelik Etkileri: Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi İllerine Yönelik Panel Veri Analizi
Authors: ASLAN Mehmet Barış
Published: December 2020

Çalışmanın amacı, Doğu Anadolu Bölge’sinde yer alan illerin hayvansal üretim değerlerindeki değişimin söz konusu illerin ekonomik gelişimlerine olan katkısını araştırmaktır. Panel Veri Yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada, panel sonuçları, hayvansal üretimin illerin ekonomik gelişimleri üzerinde pozitif ve istatistiki bakımdan anlamlı etkisinin olduğunu gösterirken, il bazındaki sonuçlar farklılık arz etmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, hayvansal üretimin illerin gelirleri üzerindeki etkisinin zayıf olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu nedenle, bölgede faaliyet gösteren küçük aile işletmeleri yerine optimum büyüklükteki işletmelerin desteklenerek maliyet avantajı elde edilmesi, ürün fiyatlarına göre oldukça pahalı olan yem fiyatlarını düşürmeye yönelik politikaların üretilmesi gibi bölgenin yapısına uygun kalkınma politikalarının hayata geçirilmesi, bölgenin gelişmişlik düzeyinin artırılması bakımından büyük önem arz etmektedir.
Muş Yemeklerinin Beslenme Antropolojisi Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: MUSLU Mücahit , ŞENSOY Funda
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı Muş ilinin coğrafi işaretli ve önemli geleneksel yemeklerinin beslenme antropolojisi açısından değerlendirilmesidir. Muş Çorti Turşusu, Muş Çorti Aşı, Muş Köftesi, Kaburga Dolması, Yumurtalı Kenger, Hazüt Dolması, Kırçikli Kelem Dolma, Cavbelek, Herse ve Kırçik yemekleri besin gruplarına ayrılarak incelenmiştir. Bölge mutfağı hayvancılık nedeniyle et ve süt ürünlerine dayanmaktadır. Tarımsal olarak en fazla üretilen buğday yemeklerin büyük çoğunluğunda kullanılmaktadır. Bölgede yetişen lahana sebze yemeklerinin başında gelmektedir. Özellikle kurutma ve salamura işlemleri sebzelerin kışa hazırlanması için kullanılmaktadır. Yemeklerin yapılışı ve isimleri bölgedeki eski medeniyetlerden izler taşımaktadır.
Mercimek Kale-Kalecik-Çengilli Tarihi Yol Güzergâhı: Alternatif Bir Turizm Rotası
Authors: DÖLEK İskender
Published: December 2020

Muş ili doğal ve kültürel anlamda birçok varlığa sahiptir. En az bilinenler kadar bilinmeyen doğal ve kültürel varlıklar da ilde yer almaktadır. . Mercimek Kale – Kalecik- Çengilli güzergâhı da bunlardan biridir. Ülkemizin farklı yerlerinde bulunan ve bugün çeşitli etkinliklerle (yürüyüş, maraton vb) önemli turizm rotalarına dönüştürülen Tarihi Yollar (Likya gibi) sadece bulundukları bölgelerden değil dünyanın birçok yerinden düzenlenen etkinliklerle binlerce ziyaretçi (turist) çekmektedir. Mercimek Kale-Kalecik-Çengilli Tarihi Yol Güzergâhı da tarihsel süreci ortaya konulabildiği takdirde böyle bir potansiyele sahiptir.
Mar di Mîtolojiya Cîhanê de û di Vebêjên Gelerî yên Mûşê de Marê Ziha
Authors: SARIGUL Sehadet
Published: December 2020

Di piraniya mîtolojiyên afirandinê de mar û varyasyonên maran gelek caran derdikevin hemberî me. Bi gelemperî hebûna ajalên mîtolojîk li gor taybetmendiya erdnigariyê diguhure. Lê mar ji vê rewşê azad e. Bi vê hebûnê ve gelek erênî û neyêniyan jî di xwe de dihewîne.
Ev xebat dê bi teknîka lêkolîna arketîpî, li ser mîtolojiya marên cîhanê û beramberî wê li ser vebêjên ku li Mûşê heyî bisekine. Xebat yê berhevdana vebêjên Mûşê û mîtolojiyên kevnare wek, Misir, Yewnan, Çîn û Îranê bide berhev. Bi vê awayê em ê varyasyonên maran vekolin û li ser taybetmendiyên maran jî bisekinin.
Ji ber ku li ser Herêma Mûşê xebateke berhevdana mîtolojîk bi qasî ku em dizanin tune bû, ev mijar hat hilbijartin.
Guhertin û Tehrîfat di Kilamên Dengbêjan de: Mînaka “Ez Gul im Gula di Zinêr de
Authors: ÇİFÇİ Tekin , ÖZTÜRK Serdar
Published: December 2020

Dengbêj, berdevkên çanda devkî ya Kurdan in. Gelek dengbêj ji çanda xwendin û nivîsandinê bêpar in. Ev jî rê li ber jibîrkirin, guhertin û texrîfata li ser kilaman vedike. Mebesta vê xebatê ew e ku texrîfat û guhertina li ser kilaman di mînaka "Ez gul im, gula di zinêr da" de li ber çavan raxin. Heman kilam ji Reso, Şakiro û Huseyno hatiye guhdarkirin û deşîfrekirin. Şîroveya her sê dengbêjan ji aliyê naverok û teşeyê ve hatiye berawirdkirin. Wekî encam, mirov dikare bibêje ku di çanda dengbêjiyê de guhertin û texrîfata li ser kilaman di demeke kurt de pêk tê. Sedema herî mezin jî nexwendin û nenivîsandina dengbêjan e. Gava ku kilam tevî peyv û notayan neyên tomarkirin dê kilam ji eslê xwe dûr bikevin û ew çand dê bikeve bin xetereya wendabûnê.
Muş Bölgesi Aşiretlerinin İç Çelişkileri Çerçevesinde Yerel ve Merkezi İktidarla Diyalektik ve Dikotomik İlişkisi
Authors: ÖRS Orhan
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, Osmanlı ve Fransız arşiv belgeleri esas alınarak Muş bölgesinde mukim bulunan aşiretler arası gerilimler ile aşiretlerin Osmanlı merkezi iktidarıyla geliştirdiği ilişkiler değerlendirilecektir. Osmanlı’nın son dönemine yoğunlaşacak olan çalışma, bu dönemde Muş ve çevresinde yaşayan halkın sosyo-ekonomik, sosyo-kültürel ve sosyo-politik durumlarını mercek altına almaya çalışacaktır.
Di Edebîyata Zarokan ya Kurdî da Nûnerek ji Nifşê Nû: Berfin Ayşe Öğüt
Authors: SUVAĞCİ İlyas
Published: December 2020

Bingehê Edebîyata zarokan ya Kurdî xwe dispêre ferhengên klasîk yên du zimanî, berhemên dînî yên zarokan, folklora Kurdî û wergerê. Li ser nifşê dûmahîkê yê vê edebîyatê pir kêm xebat hatine kirin. Em jî di vê lêkolîna xwe da li ser berhemên nivîskarek ji vî nifşî B. Ayşe Öğütê disekinin û dixwazin bala lêkolîneran bikêşin hilberîna edebî ya vî nifşî. Me mijarên wekî zayenda civakî, hêmanên folklorê, ziman û dîtbarîya berhemên Öğütê li gor pîvanên edebîyata zarokan vekola. Me dît nivîskarê hewil daye xwe ji klîşeyên zayenda civakî xelas bike û hêmanên folklora Kurdî wekî çavkanîyeka sereke nîşanî zarokan bide. Öğütê xwestîye bi zimanekî xwezayî û sade çîrokên xwe vebêje. Di berhemên wê da ji alîyê dîtbarîyê ve jî di navbera wêne û nivîsan da hevsengîyek heye.
CBS (Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri) Teknikleri Kullanılarak Muş İlinin Bazı Toprak Özelliklerinin Genel Değerlendirmesi
Authors: YAŞAR Mustafa , KOCA Yakup Kenan , TURGUT Yavuz Şahin
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada Muş ilinin bazı toprak özelliklerinin CBS (Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri) teknikleriyle genel bir değerlendirmesinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, mülga Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından hazırlanmış olan “Muş İli Verimlilik Envanteri ve Gübre İhtiyaç Raporu” ve “1/100.000 ölçekli Verimlilik Haritaları” kullanılmıştır. Buna göre Muş ili toprakları göre genel olarak killi ve killi balçık tekstür ve genellikle de nötr pH özellikleri göstermekte olup, tuzluluk sorunları da çok düşük düzeydedir.Ayrıca sahadaki topraklarının tarımsal verimlilik düzeylerinin düşük, orta ve yüksek olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın Muş ilindeki toprakları konusundaki mevcut çalışmaların modern yöntem ve tekniklerle tekrar ele alınıp değerlendirilmesinin önemini yansıtması bakımından literatürde önemli bir boşluğu dolduracağı düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışmanın Türkiye’nin diğer illerinde bu konuda benzer araştırmalara örnek teşkil edeceği tahmin edilmektedir.
Mela ‘Eladînê Kopî û Berhema Wî ya “Dîwan-Rezê Jiyanê”
Authors: AYKAÇ Yakup
Published: December 2020

Mela ‘Eladînê Kopî yek ji wan alim, nivîskar û şa‘irên ji herêma Mûşê ye. Kopî, di sala 1939an de li gundê Melemistefa ya Kopê hatiye dunyayê. Ew li herêma Mûşê li ber destê alim û melayên cuda, di gelek medreseyan de perwerdeya xwe ya ilmî temam dike. Piştre li gelek gundên Mûşê di navbera salên 1966-1994an de melatî dike. Kopî, piştî ku malnişîn dibe qasî 13 salan li gelek dewletên Ewrûpayê melatiya xwe didomîne. A niha li Kopê li mala xwe bi nivîsîna kitêban re mijûl dibe.
Çar berhemên Mela ‘Eladînê Kopî hene ku bi rêzê wiha ne: Dîwan-Rezê Jiyanê, Tûrê Derwêş, wergera hinek çîrokên Nushetu’l-Mecalîs û Jiyana Pîroz a Resûlullah. Di vê gotarê de em ê li ser Dîwan-Rezê Jiyanê bisekinin û ji hêla naverokê ve tehlîla wê bikin.
Politik Cepheleşmede Vatan Cephesi’nin “Muş İline” Yansımaları (1958-1960)
Authors: AFŞAR Erkan
Published: December 2020

Türk siyasal geleneğinde partiler arasındaki cepheleşmeler 1950’li yıllarda da devam etmiştir. Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi öncülüğünde iktidara karşı muhalefet partileri arasında iş birliği yapmak suretiyle başlayan süreç Başbakan Adnan Menderes’in Vatan Cephesi’nin teşekkül edileceğine dair açıklamasıyla devam etmiştir. Adnan Menderes’in konuşmasından sonra Muş Demokrat Parti İl teşkilatları da kendi saflarına katılımları sağlamak amacıyla çalışmalar yapmışlardır. Bu çalışmalar neticesinde Muş’ta da Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi ve diğer partilere üye olan vatandaşlar Vatan Cephesi’ne katıldıklarını Başbakan Adnan Menderes’e ve Demokrat Parti Genel Merkezi’ne bildirmişlerdir. Partiler arasındaki bu seçmen kaymalarının Muş İline yansımaları da ildeki siyasi dengelerin değişmesine ve politik mücadelenin daha da artmasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışma 1958-1960 döneminde Vatan Cephesi’nin Muş İlinin politik atmosferini nasıl ve ne şekilde etkilediğini ele alıp incelemiştir.
Di Edebîyata Kurmancî Ya Gelêrî Da Beyt û Taybetîyên Wê
Authors: KAPLAN Yaşar
Published: December 2020

Di Edebîyata Kurmancî da beşa ji hemîyan dewlemendtir Folklor û Edebîyata Devkî ye. Edebîyata devkî malê gel e û li nav komelgehê belav e. Di edebîyata devkî da beyt, destan an jî çîrokên manzûm yên kurmancî giranîyeke mezin heye. Destan yek ji kevintirîn cûreyê edebîyata devkî ye. Di serdemên gelek kevin da hatine danan û danêrên wan ne dîyar in. Di destanan da bûyerên dîrokî û civakî yên karîgerîyeke mezin li ser civakê hiştî û di bîrdanga civakê da cihê xwe girtî, bi awayekî manzûm hatine honandin. Peyva “Dastan” an “Destan” peyveke Îranî ye. Di kurmancî da li şuna peyva destanê “Beyt”, “Qiset”, “Qewl”, “Hîkaye”, “Serhatî” û “Çîrok” tên bikaranîn. Beyt; hîkaye an rûdanekê bi devkî vediguhêze. Dibe ku ew ji serî bo binî bi terzê stirankî an jî bi terzê stirankî û çîrokî ya tevlîhev bê gotin. Armanca vê xebatê danasîna cûreyê beytê an jî çîroka manzûm e.
Öğrenilen Namus Algısı Perspektifinde Kadın Cinayetleri: Muş İli Örneği
Authors: ATEŞ Sultan
Published: December 2020

Toplumsal cinsiyet çalışmalarında çok önemli bir yere sahip olan namus kavramı; Türkiye’de de cinsiyet temelli bir ayrıma tabi tutulmaktadır. Namus bu çerçeveden bakıldığında kadın için, kadın bedenine nakşedilen ve kadının hareketleri ile kontrol edilmesi gereken bir olguya işaret etmektedir. Erkek ile doğrudan ilişkilendirilmeyen namus kavramı ise kadına sahip olduğunu düşünen erkeği dolaylı yoldan etkilemektedir. Muş ilinde gerçekleşen ve namus ekseninde incelenen kadın cinayetlerinde, öğrenilen namus algısının etkileri irdelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda kadının bedenine ve cinsel saflığına indirgenen namus kavramının cinayetler üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Muş Adliyesi’nden elde edilen iddianamelerle birincil elden kaynakların kullanıldığı bu incelemede, Muş’un toplumsal yapısını, burada namus kavramına atfedilen anlamı, namusun öğrenilme biçimini, tutkunun kadın merkezli oluşunu ve erkeğin namus kavramını kullanış gerekçesini görmek mümkündür.
Mektepten Şekâvete: Hormekli Zeynel Efendi’nin Hikâyesinin Aşireti ve Bölge Tarihindeki Yeri
Authors: ÇAKMAK Yalçın
Published: December 2020

Zeynel Efendi’nin hikâyesi, sade bir biyografik önem arz etmenin ötesinde aşireti içerisindeki yeriyle birlikte, aşiretlerarası ve Hormek ile Osmanlı Devleti ilişkilerini serimlemek açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu açıdan sözlü ve yazılı tarih ekseninde 19. yüzyılın son çeyreğinden 20. yüzyılın başına uzanan Hormek aşireti ve Zeynel Efendi merkezli anlatılar, genelde Kızılbaş/Alevi özeldeyse Varto tarihi ve bölgedeki aşiret ilişkilerine dair önemli bilgiler sunar. Bunun da her şeyden evvel mezhepsel bir çekişmeden mi yoksa yerele özgü aşiret dinamiklerinin yarattığı koşullardan mı kaynaklandığı bir tartışma konusudur. Bu makalede, mevcut soruları da içermekle birlikte; Zeynel Efendi’nin Harput’taki mektep yaşantısından şekâvete uzanan yaşam öyküsü ekseninde, Hormek aşiretinin bahse konu zaman aralığında bölge tarihi içerisindeki yeri ile öneminin sözlü ve yazılı kaynaklarla aydınlatılmasına katkı sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.
“Gökte Allah, Yerde Sosyalizm’: ‘224 Sayılı Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Sosyalleştirilmesi Hakkında Kanun’ Kapsamında 1960’larda Muş’ta Hayata Geçirilen Uygulamalar
Authors: GENCER Tülay
Published: December 2020

Çalışmada 5 Ocak 1961 tarihinde Milli Birlik Komitesi’nce kabul edilen “224 Sayılı Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Sosyalleşmesi Hakkında Kanun”un uygulaması için pilot bölge seçilen Muş ili konu alınacaktır. 1961 Anayasası ile köklü sosyo-ekonomik reformların hayata geçirilmesi öngörülmüş, bireylerin temel hak ve özgürlükleri anayasada ayrıntılı bir biçimde ele alınmıştır. Bunlardan biri de sağlık hakkıdır ve anayasanın 49. Maddesi’nde yer bulmuştur. Bu bağlamda 15 Temmuz 1960 yılında Sağlık Bakanlığı Müsteşarı olarak göreve başlayan ve bu görevi 6 yıl boyunca sürdüren Doktor Nusret Fişek ayrıca zikredilmelidir. Keza kendisi 224 Sayılı Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Sosyalleştirilmesine Dair Kanun’un mimarıdır. Fişek, Muş’ta başlatılan çalışmaların sadece fikir babası olmamış, buradaki gelişmeleri de mümkün olduğunca yakından takip etmeye çalışmıştır. Çalışmada, 1960’lı yıllarda sağlık hizmetlerindeki sosyalleştirme uygulamalarının Muş ili özelinde incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.