bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Globalización, macroeconomía y mercados laborales
Authors: De la Cruz-Del Villar Edgardo
Published: October 2021

La Globalización ha impulsado a las empresas a competir internacionalmente, pero a su vez, la mayor competencia entre naciones y empresas ha reforzado la Globalización (Streeten 1999). La globalización de los noventa ha conducido a las reducciones de costos, a una mayor eficiencia y a aumentos en los ingresos de los trabajadores más calificados. Simultáneamente, ha aumentado la incertidumbre, ha conducido a un mayor desempleo y a una mayor desigualdad.La globalización ha reducido la capacidad de los gobiernos para mantener pleno empleo y de ocuparse de las víctimas de la competencia. Parte de este desempleo ha sido atribuido a la globalización y a las nuevas tecnologías.. (Streeten 1999).Existe un creciente consenso entre los expertos del desarrollo en el sentido de que la salvación de la humanidad radica en el crecimiento de la "productividad". Esta debe ser bienvenida pero siempre que la producción crezca lo suficiente como para absorber a todos los que buscan empleo o para que la reducción de las horas de trabajo que ella conlleva sea distribuida entre los que no tienen trabajo. Igual debería pasar con los salarios. La evidencia empírica de muchos países parece no confirmar una relación positiva entre productividad y empleo. El caso colombiano y la costa caribe parece demostrarlo. La relación parece darse en sentido contrario: a mayor productividad más desempleo.'
Evaluation of the reality of applying a number of Iraqi institutional accreditation standards/study in a number of Iraqi public and private universities
Authors: Ali Sally T. , AL_Basri Abdulridha S.
Published: October 2021

The study aims to find out the extent to which several Iraqi institutional accreditation standards (governance and administration, scientific research, curricula) are applied in two public universities (Baghdad and Middle Technical University) and two private universities (Uruk and Al-Mansour College) by diagnosing strengths and weaknesses and proposing a mechanism and procedures to help educational institution aims to reduce or eliminate the gap. The study stems from the extent of application of several Iraqi institutional accreditation standards represented as it was worked on through observation and field coexistence to reach scientific and practical facts. The method of case study and comparison between public and private universities was adopted by using the checklist as a tool to collect data and information to help in a comprehensive and realistic analysis.  The study reached a set of results, the most prominent of which is the weak interest of the universities in the study sample in implementing the Iraqi institutional accreditation standards, which showed a gap between the actual performance of the universities and the indicators of the standards. This indicates that there are no specialized audit teams in the field of auditing quality management systems in higher education qualified according to the international standard (ISO 19001) to know the extent of conformity, as well as the absence of targeted plans to implement the indicators of those standards. Despite the existence of a Quality Assurance and Accreditation Council at the university that oversees the application of quality management systems in all university formations, it needs to intensify efforts to reach reliability in providing its services
Management by roaming and self-efficacy and their impact on the excellence of hotel service: An applied study
Authors: Abbas Mohammed Fadhil , Abdullh Mohammed Hasan
Published: October 2021

This research investigates the type and the significant relationship between roaming management and self-efficacy and its impact on excellence in providing hotel service. To achieve this, the applied approach was adopted through  A questionnaire was designed and developed for the collected data. It has consisted of three parts. The firsts section included nine questions to measure the dimensions of management by roaming. The second section includes nine questions to measure the effectiveness of the two employees. The last section includes   12   questions to measure the excellence of the hotel service. The research sample included  43  employees' responding to this survey to measure the two independent variables—also, 45  of the guests responding to this survey to measure the adopted variable. The final results indicated there is a significant direct correlation between management, roaming, and self-efficacy, which has an impact on the excellence of hotel service. The most important recommendations of this study were: achieving excellence in providing hotel service requires a work environment that supports senior management in the field of work.  In addition to its ideal investment of workforce potentials and enabling them to provide the best performance, Through that, the research provides what qualifies them towards the excellence in their services to the customer
The Impact of the Strategic Leadership in Strategic Learning Exploratory Research at Anbar University
Authors: Awad Mahmood J. , Saeed Muthana M. , Hamid Mohammed Q.
Published: October 2021

This study aims to know the extent of the impact of Strategic Leadership as an independent variable in Strategic Learning as a dependent variable to help the senior leadership in Anbar University to take the right decisions to develop Strategic Learning programs in light of the circumstances of the Covid-19 and the sudden decisions adopted by the university to switch to E-learning and to blend. The survey was conducted by distributing a questionnaire that was adopted as a primary tool in data collection from the study sample represented by the university's senior leaders, An intentional random sample of (105) was selected from our community of (127), the data were analyzed by (SPSS) Depending on the set of statistical means, including (the weighted arithmetic mean, standard deviation, relative importance, coefficient of variation, coefficient of determination, stability test, ranks correlation coefficient, simple linear regression analysis). The research reached several results, the most important of which is the existence of a strong statistically significant correlation and impact relationship between Strategic Leadership and Strategic Learning in its dimensions at Anbar University, and this means the university leadership was able to find well appropriate solutions to enhance its capabilities in the transformation to strategic learning. Moreover, this study came to complement its ideas brought by previous research on Strategic Leadership and Strategic Learning by proposing a conceptual model that clarifies the interrelationships between the main variables of research and how to adopt them in Iraqi universities in general and Anbar University in particular
The role of Iraqi trade policies in stimulating productive sectors to grow for the period (2003-2019) (an analytical study in light of the Malaysian experience)
Authors: Rahim Salam Sami , Ali Sabah Nema
Published: October 2021

The research deals with analyzing the influencing role of trade policies in the growth and development of productive economic sectors and their contribution to GDP and its reflection on workforce employment. Studies have proven the success of the Malaysian experience in stimulating the productive economic sectors to grow and their contribution to the gross domestic product with an increase in the growth of local markets and access to international markets for national products. The research also deals with the ineffectiveness of Iraqi trade policies after 2003 in stimulating the productive economic sectors (agricultural and industrial) on economic growth, as most of the increase in Iraqi GDP growth throughout the study period was due to the increase in the oil sector’s contribution because of higher oil prices and increased production. Other sectors had no role in these increases, making the Iraqi economy dependent on the outside world and importer of external economic crises. The recommendations included drawing up an economic plan under which productive sectors would be stimulated to grow and increase their contribution to the Iraqi GDP, reduce dependence on oil to finance public expenditures, reform the tax system, and call for partnership with the private sector and create appropriate conditions for it and attract foreign direct investment for the development of the Iraqi economy. Moreover, the necessity for the government to adopt trade policies that are suitable to the reality of the Iraqi economy and the imbalances that exist in the economic sectors, and to exploit the trade deficit with some countries to develop an agreement to improve trade exchange with them, which lead to developing some national industries
A Comparison between robust methods in canonical correlation by using empirical influence function
Authors: Al-Ameed Zahraa Khaleel , Al-Alway Lekaa Ali
Published: October 2021

Canonical correlation analysis is one of the common methods for analyzing data and know the relationship between two sets of variables under study, as it depends on the process of analyzing the variance matrix or the correlation matrix. Researchers resort to the use of many methods to estimate canonical correlation (CC); some are biased for outliers, and others are resistant to those values; in addition, there are standards that check the efficiency of estimation methods.

In our research, we dealt with robust estimation methods that depend on the correlation matrix in the analysis process to obtain a robust canonical correlation coefficient, which is the method of Biweight Midcorrelation coefficient (Bi) and Kendall-tau correlation coefficient (Ke).

From the comparison between these two methods through the empirical influence function with standard scaled and transformed estimator, the results indicated the efficiency and the preference of the (Bi) method. The study also has application with real data followed a multivariate normal distribution with two sets; the first group represents monthly averages for quantities of exported oil from three OPEC countries, namely Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Kuwait, the other group represents the returns of those quantities for the period from 2015 to 2019, after applied (Bi) method and estimate IF, the strongest influence about CC was at thirty four-months and the lowest was at twenty-seven
The Role of Continuous Improvement Strategy (Kaizen) in organizational innovation: An analytical research in the General Company of Electrical and Electronic Industries /The Ministry of Industry and Minerals
Authors: Khalil Asra Abdu Al salam , Hamid Suhair Adel
Published: October 2021

This paper aims at the fact that most organizations today suffer from a waste of time, effort, and cost, and they have difficulty in achieving the best performance situations and compete strongly. The researcher distributed 108 questionnaires as a statistical analyzable sample society where the sample intentionally consists of general managers, department head, and division head. The questionnaire was formulated according to the Likert scale. The use of personal interviews and observations are additional tools for data collection and a number of statistical methods is used for data analysis such as simple regression and correlation coefficient (Pearson). One of the most prominent conclusions is that the company has adequate and creative capabilities on the ground and for the production of Iraqi does not have competitive and creative capabilities and must work on the development of new methods in the administrative work within the company. The results also show the lack of conviction difficulties and turn them into opportunities that promote creative work, expand growth opportunities and create cadres that start creative work and experience the element of risk. Engaging employees in training courses can acquire or increase their skills
Comparison Bennett's Inequality and Regression in Determining the Optimum Sample Size for Estimating the Net Reclassification Index (NRI) Using Simulation
Authors: Jasim Balasim Saadoun , Mahdi Dejela I.
Published: October 2021

Researchers have increased interest in recent years in determining the optimum sample size to obtain sufficient accuracy and estimation and to obtain high-precision parameters in order to evaluate a large number of tests in the field of diagnosis at the same time. In this research, two methods are used to determine the optimum sample size to estimate the parameters of high-dimensional data. These methods are the Bennett inequality method and the regression method. The nonlinear logistic regression model is estimated by the size of each sampling method in high-dimensional data using artificial intelligence, which is the method of artificial neural network (ANN) as it gives a high-precision estimate commensurate with the data type and type of medical study. The probabilistic values obtained from the artificial neural network are used to calculate the net reclassification index (NRI).  A program is written for this purpose using the statistical programming language (R), where the mean maximum absolute error criterion (MME) of the net reclassification network index (NRI) was used to compare the methods of specifying the sample size and the presence of the number of different default parameters in light of the value of a specific error margin (ε). To verify the performance of the methods using the comparison criteria above, the most important conclusions are that the Bennett inequality method is the best in determining the optimum sample size according to the number of default parameters and the error margin value
The Daimon in Hellenistic Astrology
Authors: László Levente
Published: October 2021

A discussion of Dorian Greenbaum’s The Daimon in Hellenistic Astrology: Origins and Influence. Published Online (2021-04-30)Copyright © 2021 by Levente László Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/aestimatio/article/view/37575/28591 Corresponding Author: Levente László Budapest University of Technology and Economics        E-Mail: levente.laszlo@filozofia.bme.hu
Before Copernicus and Copernicus
Authors: Vesel Matjaž
Published: October 2021

A discussion of Before Copernicus: The Cultures and Contexts of Scientific Learning in the Fifteenth Century edited by Rivka Feldhay and F. Jamil Ragep. Published Online (2021-04-30)Copyright © 2021 by Matjaž Vesel Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/aestimatio/article/view/37603/28608 Corresponding Author: Matjaž Vesel, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and ArtsE-Mail: matjaz.vesel@zrc-sazu.si
PASTURE MANAGEMENT FOR HIGH PRODUCTION ON DAIRY FARMS
Authors: Smith B.A.J.
Published: October 2021

WITH the targets announced by the Agricultural Development Conference, it is necessary to look closely at all methods of increasing production. While there is much scope for development of poorer country, and while this is perhaps the glamour way of increasing production, a tremendous increase can come by raising the production on fully-developed dairy farms. By increasing the stocking rate of dairy cows, production levels can be raised almost overnight, and, while initial costs for extra stock may be high, returns in the first year often cover these costs. The only other cost is perhaps for extra fertilizer, but this too is quickly recovered. Three years' trial work at the Waimate West Demonstration Farm, in South Taranaki, illustrate the basic principle : "More cows +more fertilizer = more butterfat = more cash". This principle can be applied equally well to sheep and beef cattle properties. The Manaia farm at Waimate covers 90 acres of Egmont black loam, a freedraining derivative of Egmont andesitic ash. Rainfall varies, from 45 to 50 in. per year with dry periods common in summer and early autumn. Whole milk is produced for cheese factory supply.
ECOLOGY AND STATE OF THE ALPINE GRASSLANDS OF WESTLAND
Authors: Wraight M.J.
Published: October 2021

To write of tussock grasslands in Westland may seem a little strange when one usually associates tussock grassland with the mountain ranges, valleys and hills on the eastern side of the main divide. But tussock grasslands above the tree-line probably total 20% of the area of Westland. No pastoral use is made of this country. Apart from a few unsuccessful attempts to run sheep, both from the West Coast side and the Canterbury side in the 1890s no serious attempt at pastoral occupation has been made. Nevertheless,. these alpine grasslands are of extreme economic importance in watershed protection and they are as vulnerable as the forests to abuse by introduced wild animals.
Elektrikli Araçlarda Batarya-Ultrakapasitör Enerji Depolama Sistemi Bağlantı Topolojilerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Demirçalı Akif , Köroğlu Selim
Published: October 2021

Tamamen elektrikli araçlarda, Batarya ve Ultrakapasitör (UC) enerji depolama birimlerinin birlikte kullanılması sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Burada ana enerji kaynağı olarak batarya kullanılırken yardımcı kaynak olarak UC kullanılmaktadır. Böylelikle aracın temel güç ihtiyacı bataryalardan karşılanırken anlık güç talepleri UC tarafından sağlanır. İki kaynağın birlikte kullanılmasında pasif, yarı aktif ve aktif olmak üzere; birçok bağlantı grupları oluşturulabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, en yaygın kullanılan beş farklı bağlantı topolojisi için ağırlık, maliyet, kontrol karmaşıklığı, bataryadan faydalanma oranı, UC’nin etkin kullanımı, sistem verimi gibi göreceli bir karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirmede yarı aktif UC topolojinin en avantajlı seçenek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Analysis of Efficient Implementation of Elliptic Curve Cryptography Architecture for Resource Constraint Application
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad. (Gujarat), India., Patel Kirit V. , Shah Dr. Mihir V. ,   Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad. (Gujarat), India.
Published: October 2021

Elliptic Curve Cryptography is gaining attraction in providing a high security level in data transmission with low cost, small key size and smaller hardware realization. High-speed implementation is a significant factor in ECC applications such as smart cards, network servers, wireless sensor based networks, Internet of Things and Radio Frequency Identification. These applications require low-cost and lightweight implementations. In the resource constrain application, lightweight cryptography has emerged as the desired one because of limited energy in devices and the scarce computational resources. Design options and a wide range of parameters affect the overall implementation of the ECC system. Implementation target device, coordinate system, underlying finite fields and modular arithmetic algorithms are key design parameters that impact the overall implementation outcome. A statistical study is conducted on a large collection of published work based on the design parameters. The basic question that arises is how to select the appropriate flexibility-efficiency tradeoff. The subjects of generator, versatile, reconfigurable, dedicated and general purpose scalar multipliers are addressed. A review of various algorithms to perform scalar multiplication on prime and binary fields has been done more effectively. The results of ECC implementation on different FPGA platform is compared and analyzed with the various performance parameters. Besides, a classification of the previous works in terms of flexibility, performance, scalability and cost effectiveness is presented.
On the possibility of redistribution of loads from the aggregate in silos as a result of seismic impacts
Authors: Sharkov Vyacheslav
Published: October 2021

Based on the calculation justification and analysis of experimental data, it is shown that in silos, as in hydraulic structures of cellular construction, as a result of seismic influences, in addition to inertial mass forces and alternating pressures of the filler on the walls, additional pressures associated with an increase in its hanging on the walls and the redistribution of loads that persist for a certain time may arise. The resulting pressures on the walls can be determined according to the author's formula and for a sand aggregate exceed static ones: 1.57 times – lateral, 1.2 times – vertical, associated with the development of friction forces The reason for the occurrence of load redistribution is the development of friction forces at the walls, which occurs as a result of aggregate precipitation during vibration compaction as a result of seismic influences. This phenomenon can be observed in silos, in which large values of dynamic coefficients arise during fluctuations. Calculations supported by experimental data show that under 9-point seismic impacts, the redistribution of loads with an increase in pressure to the above values can be observed along the entire height in silos with sand aggregate up to 25 m high with a diameter of 3m to 6 m, and in silos with a diameter of 8 m – in the upper part to a depth of 13 m. At 8-point seismic impacts, this phenomenon can occur in silos with small diameters of 3m and 4m with an increase in pressure in their upper part with a depth of 3m to 5m, and at 7-point – it covers only the upper part of structures with a depth of 1...1.5 m, that is, practically absent.
Environmental and Socio-economic Impact Assessment of Stone Quarrying in Tororo District, Eastern Uganda
Authors: Turyahabwe Remigio , Asaba Joyfred , Mulabbi Andrew , Osuna Christopher
Published: October 2021

The study aimed at assessing the environmental and socio-economic impact of stone quarrying in Tororo district. To achieve this, we used questionnaires, interviews and focused group discussions, where the information obtained was confirmed by field observations. The data was analysed using simple descriptive statistics like percentages, tables and graphs. Results indicated that, stone quarrying did more harm than good on the biophysical environment as it came with terrestrial ecosystem degradation as reported by 65%, water quality deterioration as reported by 34% as well as deafening noise and air pollution as indicated by 100% of the total respondents. Socio-economic analysis indicated that benefits of stone quarrying outweighed costs. For example, 100% of respondents indicated that employment arose from stone quarrying and 79% stated that, standards of living have been elevated by the activity. The district local government realizes local revenue from the activity. The activity is however associated with accidents and subsequent loss of lives and physical body damages due to collapsing caves of quarries. It was therefore concluded that, Tororo district environment office should monitor the quarrying activities to avoid leaving open pits and caves that are dangerous to lives of people at quarry sites.
An Analysis of Students Perception on the Use of Google Classroom in English Language Learning
Authors: Triana Mega , Herman Herman , Sinurat Bloner
Published: October 2021

The study's goal was to find out how students at SMK Negeri 1 Bandar Masilam felt about using Google Classroom to learn English and how easy it was to use. Google Classroom is one of the learning media. Google Classroom is a well-known tool in the education sector, particularly at the collegiate level. Google Classroom was used by some teachers as a learning medium. Google Classroom in language learning is being studied using qualitative research methods and a questionnaire as an instrument. Twenty students from SMK Negeri 1 Bandar Masilam's Class X Tkj-1 and X Tkj-2 will participate in the study. Research and discussion have shown that students' perceptions of Google Classroom use have a positive response. Most students agree that Google Classroom is easy to use and that it helps students learn English by allowing them to save and retrieve assignments and, in the case of Google Classroom, submit assignments. As a result, using Google Classroom to learn English is a wise decision.
Approximation of Families of Characteristics of Energy Objects in the Class of Linear Differential Equations
Authors: Menshov E. N.
Published: October 2021

A method is proposed for constructing a fast-computable mathematical model of a family of energy characteristics based on its comparison with a family of integral curves in the class of linear differential equations. The method uses an affine transformation and takes into account the two-level structure of the mathematical model of a family of characteristics (differential operator and boundary conditions). It allows reducing the number of approximating summands and increasing the adequacy by including additional information of a systemic nature about the object under study.
Quantum Hypercomputing and Communications: Overview and Future Applications
Authors: Caligiuri Luigi Maxmillian , Manzalini Antonio
Published: October 2021

Today, like never before, we are witnessing a pervasive diffusion of ultra-broadband fixed-mobile connectivity, the deployment of 5G infrastructures and its integration with Cloud-Edge Computing. Moreover, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is at the center of this Digital Transformation. Sustainability of future scenarios will have to face several techno-economic challenges: the transmission and processing of enormous quantity of data with ultra-low latencies, automation of management processes, strict requirements of resilience, security and privacy, optimization of resources and energy, new markets dynamics. This is requiring a rethinking of the ways of doing computation and communications. As a matter of fact, a second revolution is underway with a growing interest - and several investments from Industries worldwide – and expected potential exploitations for meeting said evolutionary requirements and the sustainability. This paper provides a description of an innovative approach based on evanescent, electromagnetic waves and tunneling photons, for developing quantum computing systems, so called Quantum Hypercomputing. Some examples of potential applications are also provided.
Speed Ripple and Dead Zone Effects Reduction in an 8/6 Switched Reluctance Motor Based on Classical Control Strategies
Authors: González-San Román J. D. , Liceaga-Castro J. U. , Siller-Alcalá I. I. , Ramirez R. A. Alcantara
Published: October 2021

This work presents two control strategies, with the objective of reducing the undesirable effects of ripple and dead zone in the speed response of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) 8/6. The first strategy aims to reduce the dead zone by applying a double integrator classical controller, while the second strategy proposes a new strategy to reduce the speed ripple, which works in conjunction with a classic PI controller. The strategy, based on digital simulations shows a reduction on the dead zone effect and speed ripple, the simulations were performed using the Matlab® / Simulink software and are based on a simplified non-linear model that has the non-linearity of Coulomb friction plus viscous friction, as well as an ideal inverter circuit.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients seeking cancer therapy at a cancer hospital in Sri Lanka
Authors: Silva K. N. S. , Dharamarathna H. H. N. D. , Jayamaha Akila R , Sewwandi K. P. A.
Published: October 2021

Background: Every sixth death in the world is caused by cancer and it is estimated that nearly 10 million deaths in 2020 are attributed to cancer. Uninterrupted management is instrumental for the quality of life and prognosis of these patients. Delivering care for patients with cancer during COVID 19 crisis is challenging. Empirical evidence of the impact of COVID 19 in the management of cancer patients is vital for implementing appropriate measures to continue cancer care while battling COVID 19 pandemic.

Aim: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of cancer patients at Apeksha Hospital, Sri Lanka.

Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at Apeksha Hospital from April 2020 to September 2020. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Review Committee of KIU (KIU/ERC/20/60). A sample of 225 patients with cancer, aged 18 years or older were enrolled in the study. Critically ill patients or patients experiencing an acute psychiatric episode were excluded from the study. Pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. IBM SPSS version 25 was used as the data analysis tool.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 42±14 years. Majority of the participants were unmarried (n=151, 67.1%), females (n=158, 70.2%). The commonly reported cancers were, blood cancer (n= 50, 22.2%), breast cancer (n=43, 19.1%), ovarian cancer (n=29, 12.9%), sarcoma (n=23, 10.2%) and cervical cancer (n=22, 9.8%). The majority (n=222, 98.6%) reported that their treatment was delayed due to COVID-19. Withholding clinics (n=173, 76.9%), fear of COVID 19 (n=161, 71.6%), lack of chemotherapy drugs (n=90, 40.0 %), delay in CT/MRI scan (n=89, 39.6%), lack of transport facilities (n=68, 30.2%), lockdown condition (n=53, 23.6%), financial issues (n=31, 13.8%) and postponing surgeries (n=16, 7.1%) were the commonly reported reasons found for the delay in treatments. Only 16% (n=36) had sought alternative methods such as faith pacification, seeking ayurvedic treatments and getting temporary treatment from the family doctor to manage the progress of cancer during the COVID-19 period.

Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic substantially disrupted cancer management. The study highlights the necessity of appropriate provisions to continue cancer treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Stratégies de localisation des entreprises commerciales et industrielles
Authors: Cliquet Gérard
Published: October 2021

Résumé La localisation commerciale est un sujet qui intéresse les chercheurs depuis au moins 70 ans. De nombreux travaux ont été publiés tant empiriques que plus théoriques fondés souvent sur l’approche gravitaire. Or, on constate aujourd’hui une baisse sensible de la production scientifique dans ce domaine de la part en particulier des chercheurs en marketing, due en partie à des évolutions du comportement spatial du consommateur et à la mise en œuvre de nouvelles stratégies d’implantation de la part des grandes sociétés de commerce qui développent une réticulation systématique de leurs activités. Ce chapitre vise à faire le point sur les méthodes de localisation commerciale et envisage un certain nombre de nouvelles pistes de recherche dont certaines seront développées dans les chapitres de la deuxième partie.
Capital humain et dualisme sur le marché du travail
Authors: Laffut Michel , Ruyters Christine
Published: October 2021

Résumé Partant du constat des carences et insuffisances dénoncées par la Commission européenne et par l’Organisation Internationale du Travail (O.I.T.) dans les statistiques du marché du travail — et notamment dans les indicateurs de chômage —, et des propositions émises par ces instances pour améliorer et affiner ces statistiques, notamment dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre de la stratégie européenne pour l’emploi, cette étude tente une évaluation du sous-emploi en Belgique et dans les trois régions, sur base de la définition arrêtée par l’O.I.T. lors de la Seizième conférence des statisticiens du travail qui s’est tenue en octobre 1998. Elle prolonge ensuite l’exercice par l’estimation d’une série statistique qui, au-delà des recommandations de l’O.I.T., intègre les catégories de personnes constitutives d’une réserve de main-d’œuvre latente, rendant mieux compte des insuffisances dans le fonctionnement du marché du travail et, à ce titre, pouvant utilement servir les besoins de la politique économique.
Capital humain et dualisme sur le marché du travail
Authors: Debande Olivier , De Meulemeester Jean-Luc
Published: October 2021

Résumé Cet article propose une description et une tentative de formalisation de quelques phénomènes clés dans l’analyse de la capacité d’adaptation des systèmes d’enseignement supérieur aux besoins économiques. Après un aperçu des lignes de force des politiques de réforme préconisées ces dernières années, nous développons un modèle qui confronte une structure d’enseignement supérieur (université préférant offrir un curriculum académique ; établissement d’enseignement supérieur plus professionnel) à des étudiants hétérogènes en termes de préférences pour la qualité et le curriculum. On analyse l’impact d’une concurrence bidimensionnelle en qualité et en variété entre les deux institutions avec asymétrie des coûts. Distinguant une situation de dominance verticale (la qualité prime sur le type de curriculum) et horizontale (situation inverse), on compare l’équilibre décentralisé à l’optimum social. Les institutions se différencient le plus sur la dimension que les étudiants valorisent le plus, mais l’équilibre décentralisé converge vers l’équilibre socialement optimal en dominance verticale.
La parole politique en confrontation dans les médias
Authors: Turbide Olivier
Published: October 2021

Résumé L’article s’intéresse à la gestion de la confrontation d’un même politicien québécois, Jean Charest, sur un même thème dans une émission d’affaires publiques et dans un talk-show . À partir d’un cadre d’analyse du discours d’opposition (Vincent et al. 2008), l’étude décrit les choix communicationnels faits par le politicien en interaction pour concilier la protection des faces avec les contraintes associées au type d’activité. Si l’expérience médiatique des émissions d’affaires publiques contribue à établir un horizon d’attentes relativement stable quant aux comportements à produire, les talk-shows placent les politiciens dans une situation plus complexe : comment agresser l’autre, l’amener sur son propre terrain, le dominer tout en répondant aux attentes de l’activité (en termes de complicité, de proximité et d’interaction ludique) ? L’étude de ce cas montre que l’amplification ou l’atténuation de la tension entre les participants est au service de stratégies fines de présentation de soi distinctes selon l’activité.
Approach to the management of rheumatic arthritis
Authors: Gordon D. A. , Ogryzlo M. A.
Published: October 2021

No abstract available.
Distribution of natural and artificial radioactivity concentration in soils of two districts (Ballia and Deoria) of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Gautam Y. P. , Sharma A. K. , Kumar Vineet , Tripathi A. R. , Kumar S. , Kumar J. , Saradhi I. V. , Kumar A. Vinod
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclide 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K and the anthropogenic radionuclide, 137Cs in soil samples collected from Ballia and Deoria district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The mean activity concentrations of radionuclides in 43 soil samples from the two districts were measured using HPGe gamma spectrometry system. The activity level in soil samples varied from 23 to 50 Bq/kg with a mean of 30 Bq/kg for 226Ra, 30–74 Bq/kg with a mean of 47 Bq/kg for 232Th, 287–728 Bq/kg with a mean of 466 Bq/kg for 40K, and ≤0.1–1.4 Bq/kg with a mean of 0.4 Bq/kg for 137Cs. The mean activity of naturally occurring 226Ra and 232Th is comparable with the international values reported by UNSCEAR while concentration of 40K is slightly higher. 137Cs activity is found to be comparable with the activities reported at other parts of India. Correlation of 226Ra and 40K activity with 232Th activity was observed as 0.85 and 0.75, respectively. A positive correlation (0.71) between 40K and 137Cs was found in the present study. The absorbed gamma dose rates in air were in the range of 44.6–98.3 nGy/h with a mean of 63.4 nGy/h, while the annual effective dose rates were observed in the range of 54.7–120.6 μSv/y with a mean of 77.8 μSv/y. The average value of radium equivalent activity in soil was 136.9 Bq/kg. This study provides a baseline data of natural radioactivity and 137Cs activity in soils of these two districts.
IMPLEMENTING THE HACCP CONCEPT IN NIGERIAN TONGUE SOLE FISH (Cynoglossus browni) FILLETS AND MINCE PRODUCTION IN A FISH PROCESSING PLANT FOR EXPORT
Authors: Fajana Oluwafemi Paul , Mekuleyi Gabriel
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study was carried out in the Fish processing plant of Olokun Pisces Limited from June – November, 2018 with the primary focus on implementing Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) concept as a tool to ensure safety of food products. Sole fish Fillets and Mince were produced from mechanized raw processing of Nigerian tongue Sole fish (Cynoglossus browni) using the knowledge of HACCP application.

Methods: The Processing Plant is owned by Olokun Pisces Limited (Lat N 60 28ˡ 24ˡˡ, Long E 30 22ˡ 50ˡˡ), a Private Fishing Company located in Otto, Lagos, Nigeria. The Company has over thirty trawlers licensed by the Federal Department of Fisheries (FDF) to fish in Nigerian Coastal waters which falls within Eastern Central Atlantic FAO Area 34.  The Nigerian coastal line has eight states it shares borders with. They are Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Rivers, Delta, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa and Cross River States. A trawler voyage of about fifty (50) days to and fro covers the coastal waters including the eight coastal states. The study was carried out from June – November, 2018. On board frozen Cynoglossus browni is being received in bags (20kg net weight) from the trawler vessels upon arrival and stored in the cold room (with a temperature of -200C) prior to processing. Cynoglossus browni being a demersal species was caught by method of bottom trawling.

Results: The HACCP concept focused on the safety of sole fish fillets and mince through a systematic and scientific approach to hazard identification, assessment and control. Preventive and control measures in dealing with identified hazards helps to eliminate or reduce hazards to acceptable levels. Pre-requisite programs consolidate the effectiveness of the HACCP in achieving safety of food products. The verification exercise confirmed that the HACCP concept implemented in the processing of Sole fish fillets and mince was adhered to and the products are safe, fit for consumption and ready for export.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy:To achieve safety of food products requires the joint effort of the HACCP team. Hence, adequate training of the team members on recent developments and changes in the food industry is very key to consistently improve efforts to always maintain the quality brand the product is known for.
EFFECT OF WOMEN’S PEACE BUILDING ACTIVITIES AND MITIGATION OF ELECTORAL CONFLICTS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Mumbi Alice , Onkware Prof. Kennedy
Published: October 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of women’s peace building activities and mitigation of electoral conflicts in Nairobi County, Kenya. 

Methodology: The study used descriptive research design. The study focused on the individual women who were involved in peace building activities. Data was gathered through questionnaires, interviews, and FGDs. In total, the researcher conducted 17 FGDs, consisting of 8-12 people. A total of 386 respondents filled the semi structured questionnaire. Simple random sampling was used to select the respondents to fill the questionnaire. Purposive sampling was used to select the members to participate in the FGDs. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 22) was used to analyze quantitative data. Percentages, frequencies, figures, bar charts, pie charts and tables were used to present results. Qualitative data was analyzed using coding and thematic analysis. Results were presented in form of themes and verbatim.

Results: Conflicts mainly take part where there is mismatch in the goals to be achieved, conversely, the mismatched goals are realized and hence introducing conflict, which is equivalent to actors in pursuit of incompatible goals. Women play a crucial role in addressing electoral conflicts. From the findings, the peacebuilding activities that women in Nairobi County have participated in since 1992 are: having dialogues, providing advice, compassionate role, warning people of imminent violence, public sensitization and civic education, peace talks, stopping rumor spreading, and offering psychosocial support.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: the government should educate women on rights and capacity of mind to bring positive change have an impact on the resultant influence in the community transformation. Women and youths should be encouraged, trained and empowered through attending peace seminars. Civil society needs to be fully involved and information on resolutions widely disseminated in effort to educate the society at large.
ROLE OF CHURCH JUSTICE AND PEACE COMMISSION AND CONFLICTS MANAGEMENT IN PASTORAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: Kimani John
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The parabolic role of any church in society: to be a source of influence, in organic and pervasive ways as a free corporate decision- maker in the society. The general objective of the study was to evaluate role of church justice and peace commission and conflicts management in pastoral communities

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study concludes that different mechanisms influenced in the management of conflicts between communities. The initiatives made by religious organization in mediating, disarmament, peace mission and reintegration were helpful in quelling the conflicts between conflicting communities. Also, the introduction of county government reduced incidences of cattle rustling as leaders from both counties usually arranged for peace meeting through which issues surrounding them were discussed and mediated upon.

Recommendations: There is need for religious leaders from pastoral communities to be involved and avoid siding with any of their respectively conflicting communities. The place that religious leaders and organizations held in the society could be observed by ensuring that the members of clergy remained non-partisan for the sake of offering spiritual and moral support to the victims of the conflicts. The elders from pastoral Communities need to assert their authority in ensuring that the commands and decisions they make to young men against attacking or raiding the neighbouring communities, were strictly followed and those found to violate could be punished
IMPACT OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE HORN OF AFRICA
Authors: Nguni Allan
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Lack of capacity on the part of local peace structures has posed a great challenge to the achievement of a lasting peace. These have remained a major constraint to sustainable peace. Peace structures lacked capacity in terms of finance or logistics to effectively monitor conflict situations, identify early warning indicators and make appropriate rapid response interventions. The general objective of the study was to evaluate impact of conflict Management in the Horn of Africa.

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: From the study findings, the study concluded that with the devolved government, opportunities arise to solve some of the problems which eventually may lead to decreased conflict. Participation of citizens and interest group may be enhanced so as to include their voices in development agenda setting and in formulating programs that target peace building activities such as repairing broken relationships and rebuilding livelihoods, especially the pastoral economies.

Recommendations: The study recommended that the need for conflict management to focus on the resource management intervention measures in pastoral areas. Such resource management conflict resolution should be based on the emerging issues of land and culture change .According to the study findings it emerged that politics is one of the study findings that limit the effectiveness of inter-community conflict management. Politicians take advantage of their jostling for position to fuel conflict
Increased Notification of Tuberculosis Cases and MDR and
XDR Cases Post Introduction of CBNAAT in Rajasthan: A Retrospective Case Study of 4 Years from 2015-2018
Authors: Sharma Neil , Singhal Manish Kumar , Agrawal Rachana , Sharma Manoj , Goyal Sona
Published: October 2021

Context: Tuberculosis is a major health problem in India
.Accurate and also fast diagnosis of tuberculosis has remained
a challenge and we determined the impact of CBNAAT on
notification of tuberculosis cases in Rajasthan.
Aims: The Aim of the present Study was use of CBNAAT in
tuberculosis and impact on rate of detection of TB and MDR
and XDR TB in Rajasthan.
Methods and Material: We did a retrospective study of notified
tuberculosis cases registered in government and private
hospital from 2015 to 2018.comaprison was done for these 4
years
Results: There was a total increase of 57 percent over the
period of 4 years from 2015 to 2018 in no of tuberculosis
notified cases and during the same time there was a 51 percent
and 66 percent increase in the number of MDR and XDR
tuberculosis cases respectively.
Conclusion: Use of CBNAAT significantly increases the no of
notified cases of tuberculosis along with MDR and XDR cases
as we recommend that it should be widely adopted and
expanded.
Comparison of Partograms for Spontaneous and Induced
Labour
Authors: Parijatha T , Vijayabharathi G
Published: October 2021

Background: Labour is a unique experience in a normal
woman's life. If it is prolonged and tedious it may produce a
picture of mental anguish and physical morbidity. For the newborn child, prolonged labor will pose danger to its survival and
subsequent neurological development. We in the current study
tried to evaluate the use of partograms for spontaneous and
induced labor in primi and multis para women.
Methods: A total of n=150 cases were studied, and this includes
both primis and multigravidae attending Prathima Hospital.
They were divided into 3 groups (groups A, B & C) patients in
normal true labor and those in whom induction was used. The
induced group was again divided into those induced with PGE2
gel or oxytocin. The modified WHO partogram starts with 4cms
cervical dilatation. partograms were plotted to assess the
progress of labor in each group and analyzed.
Results: Group A for 52% primis and 64% multis the partogram
fell before the alert line i.e. thedelivered before reaching the
alert line, Group – B 56% primis and 48% multis in the
partogrammoved between the alert and action lines. In GroupA 8% primis and 1% multis have reached orcrossed the action
line. 12% primis and 1% multis in group-B have reached or
crossed the actionline. 28% primis and 16% multis in group-C
have reached or crossed the action line,Interventions like
forceps delivery or cesarean section was done for those who
have reached orcrossed the action line
Conclusion: Partogram is a useful Non-invasive tool for
monitoring the progress of labor in both spontaneous and
induced labor for primis and multis. The Maternal and Fetal
outcome is extremely favorable when partographic monitoring
is done in parturients. The partogram helps us to take up
decisive interventions in the form of accelerating labor,
instrumental vaginal delivery (outlet Forceps/ventouse), and
cesarean section