bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-License Safety Interventions for Motorcyclists: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ghayeninezhad Zahra , Range Jerome , Delavary Milad , Castellucci Hector Ignacio , Lavallière Martin
Published: September 2024

Yearly, approximately 1.35 million people die in road collisions worldwide, and 28% of these fatalities are among motorcyclists, comprising both riders and passengers. Tailored post-licensed interventions, defined as educational programs, training sessions, or initiatives that are designed to enhance the safety skills and awareness of individuals who have already obtained their motorcycle licenses, have been proposed as solutions to increase motorcyclist safety. This study aims to summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of post-license interventions for the safety of motorcyclists. Effectiveness is defined as the observed changes in collision statistics, violation rates, riders’ performance, and self-reported attitudes. We conducted a systematic literature review using two databases, PubMed and Scopus, with a focus on post-license interventions among licensed motorcyclists. We excluded helmet-use-related interventions. Out of 1,263 studies reviewed, 11 were selected for inclusion. Results were mixed, with five articles finding that a post-license intervention was effective, five papers reporting mixed results, and one study stating the intervention was ineffective. While some interventions were effective in the short term, their impact diminished over time, suggesting the need for refresher sessions to maintain long-term benefits. As for the methodology, theoretical training sessions focused on safety and riding techniques appear to be more effective, while practical training and public campaigns showed mixed results. Our conclusion is that to positively influence motorcycle road safety, post-license interventions should emphasize safety and adherence to road laws over tailored interventions on skill improvement, prioritize long-term effects, and use on-road data.
Role of the Built Environment, Roadway Characteristics, and Socioeconomic Factors in Keeping Teen Drivers Safe: An Investigation of the Factors Most Related to Teen Driver Fatalities
Authors: Wu Jasmine Siyu , Dong Xiaoxia , Green Jamaal , Ryerson Megan S.
Published: September 2024

The role of engineering, through infrastructure design, is known to influence safe driving behavior generally, yet the areas of possible intervention that could improve safe outcomes for teens are less understood. It is critical to identify interventions specific to teens, as they have different driving risk factors than more seasoned drivers, and motor vehicle crashes are the second leading cause of death among teens in the United States. We examined 5,210 fatal crashes from 2015 to 2019 in Ohio using Fatality Analysis Reporting System data. We employed multinomial logistic regression to associate the likelihood of fatal crashes involving younger teens (16 to 17 years old) or older teens (18 to 19 years old) relative to adults (20 years and older) with built environment, socioeconomic, and roadway characteristics at crash locations. Separating crashes into the two groups of teens allowed us to distinguish the possible impact of training, as younger teens are mandated to undergo driving education and behind-the-wheel training under Ohio’s graduated driver licensing laws. We found that compared with neighborhood socioeconomics, built environment factors were more significant predictors of the likelihood of fatal crashes involving younger teens compared with adults. Specifically, fatal crashes at locations with lower road density and more diverse land use were more likely to involve younger teens. Although these results could be related to a mix of younger teen driver behavior and exposure factors, the finding highlights that improving the safety of local roads in urban and rural settings could help stem teen driving fatalities.
Understanding Party Size in Ride-Hailing: Solo Versus Group Travel
Authors: Dean Matthew D.
Published: September 2024

Emerging mobility technologies, like ride-hailing, are underrepresented in travel behavior surveys. Consequently, travel demand modelers have often resorted to simplistic solo-traveler assumptions or relied on aggregate trip size factors within activity- and agent-based models. To address this gap and help modelers understand ride-hail party size, this study analyzed data collected from a 2021 to 2022 household travel survey in the greater Twin Cities (Minneapolis–St. Paul, MN) region. Ride-hail trips were paired with person-, household-, and trip-level attributes to provide context for both single-party and multiparty ride-hailing. Binary logistic regression models indicated that shared micromobility users, households with more children, renters in large multifamily buildings, and individuals with at most a high school education were significantly more likely to use ride-hailing for group travel than for solo trips. A hurdle regression for party size count revealed that lower-income households, while less likely to use ride-hailing, were more likely to opt for group travel and form larger parties than other income cohorts. These findings offer insights into who takes ride-hailing for group travel, enabling policy makers to devise strategies targeting solo, unshared ride-hailing without negatively affecting large groups.
Influence of accelerated aging on mechanical properties and aging behavior of glass fiber reinforced pipe
Authors: Dou Jingjie , Yan Jing , Gu Tan , Yu Zhiming , Liao Dandan , Hu Min , Zhao Fei , Liu Jie , Chen Siwei , Wang Jun
Published: September 2024

In this work, the accelerated aging test of GFRP in two thermal environments was conducted. The accelerated aging test was conducted at a constant temperature of 95°C for periods of 3000h to analyze and study the aging behaviors and mechanism under two environments. Resin defects caused by aging were found in the SEM images, and degradation of the fiber/resin interface was observed. Both the hoop tensile test and uniaxial compression test showed brittle fracture characteristics, and the strength of hydrothermal aging specimens decreased more significantly. Due to matrix degradation, uniaxial compression fracture after hydrothermal aging was observed that the resin exhibited poor adhesion. The decrease in the hardness of the outer resin layer was attributed to the development of the degree of molecular chain breakage. ATR-FTIR results showed that the accelerated aging process is accompanied by changes in the concentration of functional groups. The change in C-H intensity was attributed to the post-curing phenomenon. Accelerated aging resulted in the formation of carboxylic acids or esters and the introduction of hydroxyl groups. Thermogravimetric tests showed that accelerated aging did not change the thermal decomposition temperature of epoxy resins, but caused a decrease in resin content.
A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis of Social Participation in the Relationship Between Functional Limitations and Cognitive Functioning: Evidence From CHARLS
Authors: Tsang Alex Pak Lik , Lee Chi Ko , Chan Stephen Cheong Yu
Published: September 2024

Functional limitations refer to the dependency to perform activities of daily living. Increasing evidence has demonstrated a bidirectional association between functional limitations and cognitive functioning, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated whether social participation bidirectionally mediates the association between functional limitations and cognitive decline. We analyzed a sample of 16,385 middle-aged and older adults (aged over 50 years) using longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS; Waves 1–4). We utilized a cross-lagged panel model to examine the bidirectional mediation of social participation between functional limitations and cognitive functioning over a span of eight years. The results indicated that social participation bidirectionally and partially mediated the relationship between the onset of functional limitations and cognitive decline, indicating that social participation may play an important role in mitigating the disablement process.
Family Peace and Affecting Factors in Family Caregivers of Patients With Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Şahin Furkan , Şahin Fatma Sinem , Özkaraman Ayse
Published: September 2024

Objective: During the care process, family members who provide care for a patient with cancer are confronted with changes in their family dynamics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the family peace of caregivers of patient with cancer and the associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a single center. The sample of the study included caregivers who were family members of patients with cancer. Data were collected with Caregiver and Patient Information Forms, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Family Peace Scale, Self-Care Behaviors Scale, and MD Anderson Symptom Inventory. Results: It was found that the mean age of the caregivers was 50.20 ± 0.71 years, 64.1% were female, 78.7% were married. The mean score of the caregivers on the total family peace scale was above the average value with 46 ± 0.75 out of 75 points. The caregivers’ level of family peace increases as their scores on the scale increase. The family peace of caregivers who were widowed or divorced, were self-employed, had less income than their expenses, had a chronic disease, reported that their health was affected, had low self-efficacy was worse than that of others. The family peace of caregivers of patients who had gynecological cancer and had a good income was better ( P < 0.05). The self-efficacy level of the caregivers and the symptoms of the patient with cancer were significant predictors of family peace ( P < 0.001). Conclusions: Family peace of caregivers was affected by the type of cancer, symptom burden, self-care behaviors of the patient, and caregivers’ income status, chronic disease, marital status, and self-efficacy. Physicians and nurses, who are in close contact with caregivers of cancer patients, should be aware of the issue, professionals should assess the family environment of the caregivers of patient with cancer and counseling should be provided if deemed necessary.
Promoting Adaptive Apparel on Instagram: The Role of People with Disabilities as Users, Influencers, and Advocates
Authors: McBee-Black Kerri , Zhao Li , Srinivas Sharan
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to understand how social media is used as a marketing and promotion tool for fashion brands within the adaptive apparel marketplace and further explores how disability advocates and influencers use social media to promote adaptive apparel. To achieve this goal, the study used a qualitative methodology of semi-structured interviews and a computational methodology of collocation analysis to analyze social media posts from users with hashtags related to adaptive apparel. The result of the study revealed three themes that supported social capital theory, communities of practice, and virtual communities of practice theories – Inclusion, Representation, and Education. Further, the data mining phase provided valuable insights into the significant event and the broader community of people with disabilities. This study showed how fashion brands, disability organizations, advocates, and people with disabilities use social media to market and promote adaptive apparel.
Exergo and enviro-economic analysis of thermal energy storage assisted finned solar still
Authors: Thulasimani Navin Prasad Amaravathi , Jayaraman Yoganandh , Ramalingam Sathish Kumar Thangavel
Published: September 2024

The current investigation focuses on improving the performance of a single slope solar still integrated with Phase Change Material as energy storage media. The problem of low thermal conductivity of PCM which hinders the energy storage capability has been addressed by incorporating fins with different profiles into the energy storage unit. Initially, an experimental investigation was conducted and analyzed to assess the effective performance of a Conventional Single Slope Solar Still (CSS) using various water depth levels: 1–4 cm. The optimal basin water depth for testing solar still with energy storage material along with fins was identified as 2 cm. Subsequently, the CSS was subjected to performance enhancement investigation under three different conditions: Case 1 – Solar Still (SS) with PCM storage unit, Case 2 – SS with fins at the PCM storage unit, and Case 3 – SS with fins at the storage unit and a parallel plate attached to the other end of the fins. The experimental results demonstrated the production of fresh water and efficiency improvements are as follows 26.95%, 55.86%, 69.14% and 24.34%, 52.83%, 68.83% for cases I, II, and III, respectively. Further, it was observed that Case III exhibited a lower cost of water production and a shorter payback period compared to CSS. The enviro-economic analysis revealed that the net CO2 emissions (NCEM) and Carbon Credits Earned (CCE) for Case III were 15.60 tons and 312.07 USD respectively against 9.22 tons and 184.31 USD for CSS.
Feasibility study of carbon-fiber reinforced polymer linerless pressure vessel tank
Authors: R Sundharesan , JV Sai Prasanna Kumar
Published: September 2024

Composite pressure vessels are used in aerospace engineering for storing fluids such as propellants, nitrogen, and oxygen. They are also used in life-support systems, High-performance pressure suits for astronauts, Helium Tanks for Balloons and Airships. Among many types of composites, Carbon fiber composites uses have been increasing due to its high strength to weight ratio, high thermal expansion, corrosion, fatigue and impact resistance and design flexibility. In order to improve the volume of the pressure vessel, the liner-less concept is tried. This increased volume efficiency is crucial in aerospace applications where space is at a premium and maximizing storage capacity within limited dimensions is important. Not only the volume efficiency, but also the Reduced Permeability Concerns, Enhanced Durability and Longevity, better thermal continuity and simplified manufacturing process make this research significant in the area of pressure vessel. This research paper deals with the fabrication and development of a cylinder without a lining. The test sample was subjected to several tests: tensile test, impact, shear test (3P Bending), leak test and Pressure test. The test sample was capable of withstanding 20 Bars without failure. The numerical results were also performed and compared with the experimental results. The difference was only 3%. Unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH) AND red-fuming nitric acid can both be stored in this cylinder (RFNA). Unlike traditional composite overwrapped pressure vessels, the liner-less composite tanks rely completely on the composite shell to act as a permeation barrier as well as handling all pressure and environmental loads. The absence of a liner eliminates the potential for delamination or failure at the interface between the liner and the composite material.
The asymmetric correlation and causality between the European Union carbon market and fossil energy markets caused by COVID-19
Authors: Wang Shuo , Yuan Di , Chen Xuesheng , Cui Fenghui , Hua Guanfen , Yan Xiaodong
Published: September 2024

The carbon and fossil energy markets have been significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This article examines the nonlinear correlation and the spillover effect between the global fossil energy markets and the European Union carbon market prior to and following COVID-19. The nonlinear correlation is captured by the localized Gaussian correlation approach, and the spillover effect is evaluated using a quantile-based Granger causality analysis method. Empirical evidence demonstrates that COVID-19 strengthens the correlation between the carbon and oil markets. Conversely, the correlation between the carbon and coal markets is weakened by COVID-19. Furthermore, COVID-19 only resulted in the contagion between the carbon and Texas gas markets. Finally, the spillover effect between the European Union carbon market and fossil energy markets changes from unidirectional to bidirectional. This article provides inspiration for investors to adjust their portfolios to reduce investment risks and meaningful information for policymakers to maintain market stability.
Disentangling the temporalities of digital and predictive governance: Rhythmanalysis as a methodological framework
Authors: Hartong Sigrid , Decuypere Mathias , Lewis Steven
Published: September 2024

This paper discusses and develops rhythmanalysis as a methodological approach to dis­entangle the temporalities of digital and predictive governance; that is, how governance evolves through temporal ordering effects produced with, and through, digital technologies. Whilst rhythmanalysis, as it has become broadly used in the social sciences over the past decades, primarily focuses on ‘lived’ (rhythmic) practices of people, we argue that rhythmanalysis can also be developed as a framework to investigate the temporalities of digital governance environments. Using the field of education and, more specifically, the case of Early Warning Systems in US schooling as a worked example, we show how such a framework allows one to approach temporalities through, first, identifying chronorhythms (defined by chrono­logical time), kairorhythms (defined by identifying and intervening in ‘right’ moments in time) and algorhythms (defined by the design of a technology). The second dimension is to analyze relations between those rhythms; more notably, synchronization (i.e., the coordination of rhythms in time), sychorization (i.e., the coordination of rhythms in space) and disruption (i.e., the altering or coming to a stop of particular rhythms). Finally, the framework includes visualization as a third dimension of rhythmic analysis, specifically through practices of selecting, drawing and world-making. Overall, this framework can inspire scholars interested in empirically disentangling temporal and predictive governance, within and beyond the field of education.
Impact of Dynamic Operations Complexity on Performance: The Role of National Culture
Authors: Awaysheh Amrou , Flynn Barbara B
Published: September 2024

We build on the national culture, complex adaptive systems, and operations complexity literature to develop hypotheses about the moderating role of national culture on the negative relationship between dynamic operations culture and operational complexity. Monthly performance data were collected from 179 plants in a multinational corporation's global plant network that spans all national culture clusters. We use random effects time series modeling to incorporate the transitory nature of this relationship and control unobserved heterogeneity over time. The results indicate that the relationship between dynamic operations complexity and operational performance is moderated by every dimension of national culture except gender egalitarianism and institutional collectivism. We contribute to the literature on complexity by introducing the dynamic operations complexity construct and showing the moderating effect of national culture. We contribute to the national culture literature by comprehensively examining the role of national culture supporting the national culture divergence thesis. Managerial implications relate to locating new plants in regions whose national culture is supportive of key goals and allocating tasks and products accordingly.
Inhaled Medications for Maintenance Therapy in Pediatric Noncystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis
Authors: Harvath Gray Emily M. , Pettit Rebecca S. , Engdahl Samantha
Published: September 2024

Objective:

This review focuses on evaluating literature for the use of inhaled mucolytics (hypertonic saline, mannitol, and dornase alfa), inhaled antibiotics (tobramycin, aztreonam, colistin, and amikacin), and inhaled corticosteroids in pediatric noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

Data Sources:

A literature search via PubMed was conducted using the search terms “non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis,” “primary ciliary dyskinesia,” and “bronchiectasis” in combination with each inhaled agent of interest.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Studies were included if they were specific to patients with a clinical diagnosis of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis published from 1998 to July 2024.

Data Synthesis:

Several inhaled medications can be considered as maintenance therapies for pediatric patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Hypertonic saline could be considered for its potential airway clearance benefits and low risk of causing harm. Inhaled antipseudomonal antibiotics should be considered in patients who are colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Inhaled corticosteroid therapy should be reserved for patients with concomitant asthma. Dornase alfa has shown worse outcomes in adults with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and should be used with caution. Risks and benefits should be carefully considered when evaluating these therapies for use in noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, and patient-specific treatment regimens should be developed.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Chronic management of pediatric noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis remains challenging due to paucity of applicable literature. Risks and benefits of different agents are discussed in this article with recommendations for application to clinical practice based on studies performed in both adult and pediatric patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

Conclusion:

Several inhaled medications could be considered as maintenance therapies for pediatric patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, with more robust evidence to support use of inhaled antipseudomonal antibiotics and hypertonic saline compared with other available agents. Further investigation is needed to identify a clear place in therapy for inhaled therapies in pediatric noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.
Associations of Reversal Learning Performance With Personality Disorder Profile and Drug Abuse History in a Sample of Prison Inmates
Authors: Martín-Ríos Raquel , Perales José C. , López-Torrecillas Francisca , Muñoz López Lucas
Published: September 2024

Prison inmate samples present a high prevalence of impulsivity- and compulsivity-related behavioral problems. The Probabilistic Reversal Learning Task (PRLT) is a useful tool to assess decision-making, and we explore its associations with inmates’ personality disorder (antisocial personality disorder, APD; obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, OCPD; or both) and history of drug abuse. Mixed-effects methods were used to model acquisition and reacquisition curves across PRLT, in a sample of 275 prison inmates diagnosed with OCPD, APD, or both. Two aspects were assessed: general discrimination learning and decision-making inflexibility. Participants with a mixed personality disorder profile showed a clear pattern of decisional inflexibility. A history of drug abuse was associated with a general poorer performance but not with decision-making inflexibility. Inability to adapt to changing contingencies, and thus to adverse consequences of previously rewarded choices, was not linked to compulsivity, as hypothesized to be present in OCPD and substance use disorders, but to the mixed APD/OCPD profile.
A Retrospective Observational Study of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer and Colorectal Cancer From a Single Center in the Recent 5 years
Authors: He Miao , Li Xiao-dong , Wang Zi-wei , Sun Hao , Fan Jing
Published: September 2024

Objective

To retrospectively analyze the effect of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) on the progression free survival (PFS) of advanced gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC).

Method

We retrospectively collected all the HIPEC data of GC and CRC in the Chongqing University Cancer Hospital from August 2018 to April 2023. Data were extracted from inpatient records and outpatient examination records. The IBM SPSS statistics 23.0 software was used to analyze the data. We mainly compared the PFS of HIPEC cases with that of non-HIPEC cases (both from our center and from the literature). PFS was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Log Rank (Mantel Cox), Breslow (Generalized Wilcoxon), and Tarone-Ware were used for univariate analyses.

Result

A total of 342 HIPEC cases were analyzed in this study. Stage IV GC and CRC accounted for 48.5% of the total number of cases. Abdominal pain and distension (47.4%) were the most common side effects from HIPEC. Serious complications were rare (1.8%, including bleeding, perforation, obstruction, and death). The PFS and disease-free survival (DFS) of abdominal malignancy treated with HIPEC were significantly associated with the TNM stage, but not HIPEC numbers nor HIPEC drugs. In stage IV HIPEC cases, adding adjuvant chemotherapy after HIPEC resulted in better PFS. In addition, the association between peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) and PFS of stage IV HIPEC cases was close to significant. Compared with the 33 stage IV (with peritoneal metastases) GC cases without HIPEC in our center from the last 15 years, the PFS of the 56 stage Ⅳ GC cases with HIPEC was not improved significantly (median PFS: 6 ± 2.92 months vs 7 ± 1.63 months for with vs without HIPEC in stage IV GC, respectively; P ≥ 0.05). Compared with the 58 stage IV (with peritoneal metastases) CRC cases without HIPEC in our center from the last 15 years, the PFS of the 86 stage IV CRC cases with HIPEC was not improved significantly either (median PFS: 7 ± 1.68 months vs 7 ± 0.62 months for with vs without HIPEC in stage IV CRC, respectively; P ≥ 0.05). When comparing our HIPEC data with the non-HIPEC data reported by other scholars for the PFS of advanced GC and CRC, the negative results were similar.

Conclusion

The PFS/DFS of HIPEC cases was associated with the TNM stage, but not with the HIPEC numbers or HIPEC drugs. PCI may be related to the PFS of stage IV HIPEC cases. Adding chemotherapy or targeted therapy after HIPEC may improve the PFS of stage IV cases. HIPEC did not significantly improve the PFS of stage IV GC or CRC cases in our center.
Preparing Public Relations’ Practitioners for the AI Era: Advancing Pedagogical Principles in Public Relations’ Artificial Intelligence Education
Authors: Yang Aimei
Published: September 2024

At the forefront of industries profoundly influenced by artificial intelligence (AI), public relations (PRs) are undergoing a transformative revolution. The increasing applications of AI in PRs are driving a demand for proficient practitioners. Recognizing this, PR educational institutions must adapt by delivering tailored AI education. Despite the growing importance of AI, a literature review reveals a lack of a well-designed AI curriculum in PRs. This essay draws insights from recent research on AI value alignment, dialogic communication, and PR ethics, articulating three foundational principles for AI education in PR: authentic dialogue, client value centricity, and legal and ethical considerations. Aligned with these principles, the essay outlines four essential knowledge areas for PR AI education: programming and coding proficiency, AI fundamentals, the retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) system, and the LangChain framework for information security, as well as AI deployment and model optimization. An illustrative syllabus is presented to solidify these concepts. The essay further explores potential future directions and implications of integrating AI into PR education.
The Judicial Interpretation of Intimate Partner Homicide in China: An Empirical Analysis of Sentencing Practice Between 2016 and 2021
Authors: Han Xiao , Zhuang Yao , Mu Yixuan
Published: September 2024

In recent years, China has endeavored to implement individualized sentencing for cases of intimate partner homicide (IPH), using both legal and extralegal factors, to protect potential female victims and female defendants. This study examines the factors influencing the sentencing of IPH, utilizing a sample comprising 921 cases from 2016 to 2021 on the China Judgments Online website. The results show that: (1) the legal factor “victim's fault” is the main reason for the leniency of sentencing for female defendants compared to male defendants; and (2) intimate partner relationships between defendants and victims can have a protective effect on sentencing.
Benign Lobular Inner Nuclear Layer Proliferations of the retina
Authors: Córdoba-Ortega Carlos M , Arias Aristizabal Juan D , Gómez Velasco Maira Alexandra , Martinez Pulgarín Dayron F
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Report the clinical and imaging findings of a patient with an intraretinal benign tumor that was documented as an unexpected clinical finding after an ischemic stroke in the context of mitral valve disease. This tumor must be distinguished from retinoblastoma and other malignant neoplasms.

Methods

A patient with intraretinal tumor of the inner nuclear layer (INL) underwent a combination of ophthalmic examination, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A)

Results

A 64-year-old male patient with unilateral benign tumor lesions dependent on the internal retina, centered in the posterior pole, and multifocal. OCT showed that these lesions were centered within the INL at the edge of the inner plexiform layer and were not associated with other findings in the posterior pole.

Conclusions

Benign Lobular Inner Nuclear Layer Proliferations (BLIP) of the Retina are recently described lesions that should be considered, given their distinctive characteristics that set them apart from other benign and malignant retinal lesions.
Narrative pedagogy in sport, PETE, and physical education: A scoping review
Authors: Oliver-Álvarez Marta , Pérez-Samaniego Víctor , Peiró-Velert Carmen , Monforte Javier
Published: September 2024

This article conceptualises narrative pedagogy and surveys the literature investigating its use in sport, physical education teacher education and physical education. A scoping review informed by Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) five-stage framework resulted in the consideration of 13 relevant studies. The following questions were explored: Who conducted these studies? Where and when were these conducted? Why did the authors choose to use narrative pedagogy? How did they do it? Which topics were addressed in the studies? In answering these questions and discussing the answers, this article contributes to mapping the existing literature and identifying gaps for future pedagogical opportunities. It is highlighted that narrative researchers can maximise the social impact of narrative inquiry by translating their findings into narrative pedagogy interventions. The incorporation of new storytelling strategies is suggested as a means to advance the future of narrative pedagogy.
Short report: Prison-reported rates of autism in female prisons in England
Authors: Payne Katy-Louise , Gooding Emma
Published: September 2024

Research suggests that whilst not more likely to offend, autistic people are overrepresented within the Criminal Justice System. To date, prevalence estimates are available only for male autistic offenders. Thus, this research aimed to provide the prison-reported rate of autistic female prisoners currently residing in the female prison estate in England. All 12 of the female prisons in England were contacted to request the following information: (1) the total number of autistic females; and (2) the total female prison population. Findings show an English female prison-reported rate of autism of 4.78% indicating that autism is approximately 13.7 times higher in female prisons compared to the general population. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research article to focus exclusively on female autistic offenders. Further research is needed to understand the risk factors for offending, offender characteristics, offence types/patterns and autistic experience of the Criminal Justice System for female autistic offenders.

Lay abstract

What is already known about the topic? Autistic people are reported to offend at lower or comparable rates to non-autistic people. However, autism is overrepresented within male prisons due to a number of suggested reasons including an increased chance of being caught and a lack of autistic sensitive interventions which lead to longer stays in prison. To the authors’ knowledge, no papers currently exist focussing on autistic females in prison. What does this paper add? To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first piece of research to solely include autistic females in prison settings. This research provides an estimate of how many autistic people are in female prisons. All 12 female prisons in England were contacted. Data provided indicate a prison-reported female autism rate of 4.78%. This prison-reported female autism rate is 13.7 times higher than the prevalence of autistic females in the general population. Implications for practice research or policy? Autism is overrepresented in female prisons; however, to the authors’ knowledge no current research exists on this group to understand their needs or experience. Autistic females often have differing requirements to males and the lack of research highlights the need for future research to investigate areas such as factors which increase the risk of offending, offences typically committed and the female autistic experience of the Criminal Justice System.
Inside the ‘secret garden’: Candidate selection at the 2019 UK general election
Authors: Butler Chris , Miori Marta , Ford Rob
Published: September 2024

Candidate selections are seen as the ‘secret garden’ of UK politics. Hundreds of parliamentary constituencies rarely change hands, meaning that the ‘real election’ is the incumbent party’s selection process. Yet scholarship into candidate selection in the United Kingdom remains limited. In this article, we build a novel dataset of known shortlisted candidates in winnable seats to offer the first cross-party analysis of who gets shortlisted, and what factors influence success among shortlisted candidates. We find that shortlisted female and ethnic minority candidates are still less likely to be selected as parliamentary candidates, while living locally is by far the most significant factor affecting selection success. However, the nature of the 2019 snap election allowed parties to use emergency powers to advantage party insiders in late selections. We further find that, contrary to media focus, party faction was not a significant factor in Conservative or Labour Party selections.
Effects of dual-spark ignition system with two different piston bowl shapes on combustion and efficiency in a single-cylinder engine
Authors: Lee Jeongwoo , Chu Sanghyun , Ko Insuk , Kang Jaegu , Jung Hyunsung , Chi Yohan , Min Kyoungdoug
Published: September 2024

In this study, a dual-spark ignition system was systemically evaluated in a single-cylinder engine. Since the test engine was originally based on the diesel engine, two sparks were located symmetrically on the left and right, with the diesel injector in the middle of the engine head. At first, the effect of dual-spark ignition on the combustion process was compared with the single-spark (only right used) condition under 1600 rpm/gIMEP 0.7 MPa. Also, varying excessive air ratios were evaluated for the two conditions. The second experiment changed the piston bowl shape from (a Mexican) hat to a flat (bathtub-shaped) for the dual-spark ignition system under five representative operating conditions. Also, the maximum load was verified under a knocking frequency of 30%. The results emphasized that dual-spark ignition showed superb CoV of net indicated mean effective pressure (nIMEP) as 2.71% under excessive air ratio 1.55 condition, while it was higher than 5% with single-spark ignition. In addition, the net indicated thermal efficiency was 37.33%. Also, when flat bowl-shaped piston was used with dual-spark ignition system, the maximum load with avoidance of severe knocking could be increased from nIMEP 1.07 to 1.44 MPa due to enhancing flame propagation speed.
An early fault warning and diagnosis model based on a two-step analysis strategy for wind turbine bearings
Authors: Dong Wei , Wu Xiaojin , Zhang Shuqing , Song Shanshan
Published: September 2024

Early bearing fault diagnosis plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability and safety of wind turbines. This process encounters two primary challenges, that is, weak fault characteristics and strong background noise. Consequently, they restrict the effectiveness of conventional diagnosis methods. To address these difficulties, a two-step early fault diagnosis model is proposed based on an anomaly monitoring index [Formula: see text] and improved successive variational mode decomposition-fast spectral correlation (ISVMD-FSC). Initially, [Formula: see text] enables early anomaly detection. Subsequently, the fault type is further identified using ISVMD-FSC. The ISVMD adaptive decomposition of early warning signals can effectively reduce the noise and isolate the fault impact characteristics. Then, the fault characteristic frequency is extracted using spectral coherence analysis to achieve the purpose of fault diagnosis. This model is tested and validated on simulated data, laboratory accelerated bearing life span data, and real high-speed bearing fault data of wind turbines. Notably, the comparative study shows that [Formula: see text] is capable of detecting the fault earlier than the spectral L2/L1 norm, the sum of the weighted normalized square envelope, index 8, and index 9. Additionally, the fault feature extraction effect of ISVMD-FSC is better than many more advanced time-frequency analysis methods. These results emphasize the model’s excellent performance in early bearing fault diagnosis and its good generalization ability.
Black Relational Methodology: Sustaining Nuanced Joy in Educational Knowledge Co-Creation
Authors: Stewart Nathaniel D. , Green Meghan , Crowder Omowale K. , Turner Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

Our co-knowledged article conceptualized one version of an educator-activist collective’s Black relational methodology (BRM). Co-conceptualization began through Nate’s invitation to the Collective, a relational space dedicated to knowledge co-creation capable of imagining equitable and just educational policy futures. Over the course of four collective sessions, an answerability defense, a conference presentation, and co-authoring this piece, we agreed there was something ancestrally ordained about our Black onto-epistemology. Nate rendered his coding activities answerable to the Collective and we forwarded two epistemic themes—nuanced joy and relationality—as seminal to our BRM. By conceptualizing our BRM, we aim to amplify narratives offering paths towards equitable Black futures, center nuanced joy in educational research, and illuminate the influence relationality has on knowledge co-creation processes. Finally, we implicate how BRM could be an important onto-epistemological component in decisions to mobilize knowledge co-creation in pursuit of equitable educational policy futures.
Seen and Heard: Combining In-Depth Interviewing With Social Messaging to Study the Lived Experiences of Gifted Youth in High Power Distance Cultures
Authors: Wan Mohd Nor Sofiya , Krauss Steven , Roslan Samsilah , Syed-Abdullah Sharifah Intan Sharina
Published: September 2024

Qualitative research with gifted youth presents unique challenges because of their tendency to display qualities such as perfectionism, overexcitability, and asynchronous development. Studying gifted youth in cultural contexts marked by high power distance between young people and adults can further compound these challenges by limiting gifted youths’ feelings of psychological safety during data collection. As a result, gifted youth often withhold information or give perceived culturally appropriate answers to adult researchers’ queries. Drawing on a larger phenomenological study of the formation of self-concept among eight Malaysian gifted youth aged between 18 and 25 years old, this article describes how an innovative application of combining semi-structured interviews with WhatsApp social messaging diaries helped minimize the power imbalance between the researcher and youth participants. The paper describes the unique methodological strategy of combining in-depth phenomenological interviews with WhatsApp diary entries to collect data from a hard-to-reach population. Specific techniques employed included using a conversational interview style, self-disclosing personal information to build trust, and validating participants’ feelings and experiences are discussed. Open-ended WhatsApp diary prompts and an extended time provided a sense of anonymity which allowed participants to recall their past and discuss sensitive experiences. Combining these techniques facilitated in-depth exploration into the lived experiences and challenges of being gifted, and how giftedness shaped participants’ self-concept. This is the first known study to document the use of social messaging applications as an effective journaling method for creating a familiar and safe space for special needs groups in high power distance cultures to share their experiences and feelings.
Multi-scale deep learning and clustering-based tabletop object instance segmentation for robot manipulation
Authors: Jiang Zhihong , Xue Yongrui , Zhao Yan , Huang Xiao , Li Hui
Published: September 2024

3D object instance segmentation plays a vital role in various applications such as autonomous driving, robotics and virtual reality. However, tabletop scenes exhibit diverse object complexities and size variations. The challenge is to enhance the accuracy of segmenting these scenes for multiple object instances. This limitation directly impacts robots’ capabilities to effectively grasp and manipulate objects. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale deep learning and clustering-based approach for object instance segmentation in tabletop scenes. Our approach incorporates a multi-scale neighborhood feature sampling (MNFS) module specifically designed to extract local features, and a clustering algorithm to eliminate noise and preserve instance integrity. Furthermore, we combine the strength of both methods through ScoreNet and non-maximal suppression. We conducted extensive experiments on TO-Scene, the first large-scale dataset of 3D tabletop scenes, and observed an average mIoU improvement of approximately 4.07% compared to existing methods. This highlights the superior performance of our proposed method. In addition, we tested our algorithm on a real-scene robotics platform and showed that it has good performance and generalization capabilities to support future applications such as robot grasping.
On prior visual experience in mental map navigation using allocentric and egocentric perspectives in the visually impaired
Authors: Afonso-Jaco Amandine , Adam Emma , Katz Brian F.G.
Published: September 2024

Using new developments in the mental comparison task paradigm, this study addresses the question of the influence of prior visual experience in the natural use of mental perspective to achieve mental spatial tasks without any protocol-imposed perspective. During the experiment, 39 participants (11 early blind, 13 late blind, and 15 blindfolded-sighted) explored two corridor maps to memorise the spatial arrangement of 10 objects disposed along corridors. After the learning phase, several tasks addressing spatial memory and reasoning used in the mental spatial representation were performed. Blindfolded-sighted participants preferred an egocentric perspective, while the two visually impaired groups showed no overriding preference between egocentric and allocentric perspectives. Results showed a performance advantage for egocentric over allocentric perspectives, regardless of visual experience. Our results shed light on previous assumptions regarding cognitive mental map construction, suggesting the need to reflect on previous results and their dependence on imposed mental perspectives.
The enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in paediatric surgery: The analysis of the protocol principles based on a survey among Polish clinical centres
Authors: Pasierbek Michal Jerzy , Modrzyk Anna , Korlacki Wojciech
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol is a complex set of measures that improves patient outcomes in the adult population. The main goal of the protocol is to sustain homeostasis by mitigating the metabolic stress induced by surgical procedures. Hence, the search for similar solutions in paediatric patients since the benefits in the paediatric population are less well known.

Material and methods:

The principles of the ERAS protocol were presented. A questionnaire survey was prepared to assess the preparation for the implementation of ERAS in paediatric surgery departments. Heads of all 19 clinical centres from Poland providing colorectal surgery in children were invited to participate. Seven centres responded to the survey. The questionnaire included four general questions related to the familiarity with ERAS and specific questions about the implementation of the 23-item protocol.

Results:

Five centres confirmed familiarity with the principles of the protocol and two of them confirmed the use of ERAS. The lowest number of implemented procedures was six, while the highest number was 18 out of 23. No centre implemented the zero fluid balance strategy. However, as many as five of the seven centres avoided preoperative fasting, three centres avoided mechanical bowel preparation, and three respondents used early oral nutrition in the postoperative period.

Conclusions:

The ERAS protocol is commonly used and accepted worldwide. Other surgical teams may use the information contained in the manuscript to create or improve their ERAS protocol.
Efficacy of carboplatin–etoposide rechallenge after first-line chemo-immunotherapy in ES-SCLC: an international multicentric analysis
Authors: Gomez-Randulfe Igor , Silva Díaz Sofía , Escriu Carles , Mohammed Saara , Shah Riyaz , Benitez Fuentes Javier David , Cox Samantha , Monaca Federico , Bria Emilio , García-Campelo María Rosario , Crook Benjamin , Talbot Toby , Leporati Rita , Balachandran Kirsty , Newsom-Davis Tom , Hughes Sarah , Cove-Smith Laura , Taylor Paul , Blackhall Fiona , Califano Raffaele
Published: September 2024

Background and objectives:

Second-line treatment for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is primarily guided by the time elapsed since the last platinum dose. Rechallenge with carboplatin and etoposide has demonstrated superior outcomes compared to topotecan if the platinum-free interval (PFI) is longer than 90 days and is considered the standard of care. However, these findings predate the chemo-immunotherapy era. This study investigates the effectiveness of the rechallenge strategy after chemo-immunotherapy in a real-world setting.

Design and methods:

We retrospectively reviewed patients with the extensive stage (ES)-SCLC who received rechallenge with carboplatin and etoposide after first-line chemoimmunotherapy between September 2020 and August 2023 in nine European centres. Demographic and clinical data were collected and analysed.

Results:

A total of 93 patients were included. Sixty-six (71%) patients had a PFI between 3 and 6 months. Consolidation thoracic radiotherapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation had been administered in 31 (33.3%) patients and 20 (21.5%) patients, respectively. Overall response rate was 59.1%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.3–5.7) and median overall survival (OS) was 7 months (95% CI 5.7–8.3). Notably, PFS and OS were not different according to PFI (3–6 m vs > 6 m).

Conclusion:

Rechallenge with carboplatin and etoposide is a valid second-line option in patients with ES-SCLC whose disease progresses after first-line chemoimmunotherapy. Our analysis shows similar results to previous studies. Furthermore, outcomes were consistent across patients with different PFIs, confirming its efficacy in patients with a PFI longer than 3 months.