bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Alveolar Osteitis (AO) occurrence after impacted mandibular third molar removal with and without post-extraction socket irrigation
Authors: Fatema Awan  , Manahil Rahat  , Muhammad Jamal  , Saniya Sohail  , Khalid Mahmood Siddiqi  , Muhammad Mudassar Saleem
Published: January 2022

Objective: We wanted to see whether impacted third mandibular molar extractions resulted in Alveolar Osteitis if post-extraction socket irrigation was used or not.
Methodology: A randomized control experiment on 70 patients study was conducted from July 2019 to January 2020 at Islamabad Dental Hospital's OMFS department. Patients presenting with the mandibular third molars fulfilling the inclusion criteria had their teeth extracted with and without socket irrigation using the computer lottery method. In cases of dry socket, clinical diagnosis was made between the 3rd, 5th, and 7th postoperative days.
Results: 70 patients/sockets were evaluated with 35 having been irrigated and 35 non-irrigated. The age range was 16-50years with a mean of 29.49 and most patients were between the 16-35 age group. There were 48.6% males and 51.4% females. Dry Socket was evaluated on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th day between groups (A=irrigation, B=Non-irrigation). On the 3rd postop day, 14 (40%) patients in group A and 15(42.9%) patients were diagnosed as dry Sockets. A similar number of patients in both groups (20%) exhibited symptoms of dry socket on the fifth and seventh postoperative days, as did 5 (14.3 %) in group A, 3 (8.6 %) in group B, and 1(2.9 %t) in group A, all on the fifth postoperative day.
Conclusion: On the third, fifth, and seventh postoperative days, there was no significant difference in the result of Alveolar Osteitis between the groups.
Comparison of Radiation Dose in CT Examinations At PIMS with European Commission Reference Doses
Authors: Fawad Yasin  , Anum Rasheed  , Muhammad Nauman Malik  , Farheen Raza  , Ramish Riaz  , Ayesha Isani Majeed
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE - The purpose of this study was to assess the radiation dose levels from common computed tomography (CT) examinations performed in Radiology Department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), and evaluate these according to diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) proposed by European Commission (EC) guidelines, and thus contributing towards the establishment of local and national DRLs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to explore radiation doses from CT examinations in Pakistan.

STUDY DESIGN - This was a quantitative study conducted at PIMS, Islamabad, spanning a duration of eight weeks. Scan parameters and dose profile data of 1506 adults undergoing examinations of head, neck, chest and abdomen-pelvis regions, comprising of single- and multi-phase, contrast-enhanced and unenhanced studies. Dose indicators utilized by EC guidelines for DRLs include volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and Dose Length Product (DLP) for single slice and complete examination radiation doses, respectively.

METHOD - Values of CTDIvol, DLP and scan lengths were extracted from the CT operators console. Other control variables included gender, contrast enhancement and phasicity of study. IBM SPSS package was used to obtain descriptive statistics such as mean and quartiles.

RESULTS - DRLs calculated as 75th percentile of CTDIvol, DLP for various anatomical regions are by and far comparable to European DRLs.

CONCLUSION â€“ This study describes institutional diagnostic reference levels for common CT exams in Islamabad and provides benchmark values for future reference. Our DRL values are mostly comparable to European and international DRLs. Similar, albeit large scale, surveys are recommended for establishment of local and national DRLs, eventually contributing towards development of regional DRLs.

KEYWORDS: CTDIvol, DLP, Diagnostic Reference Levels, Computed Tomography, Radiation Monitoring, Scan length
Efficacy of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure versus Heated Humidified High-Flow Nasal Cannula as a Primary Mode of Respiratory Support in Preterm Infants with RDS
Authors: Zaman Qaiser , Syeda Shireen Gul  , Muhammad Hayat Khan  , Sehrish Noor
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the efficacy of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) versus heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) as a primary mode of respiratory support in preterm infants with respiratory distress.
Methodology: This randomized controlled trial study was conducted at in-patient department of neonatology (Nursery & NICU) of Pakistan Insitute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) from July 2020 to Dec 2020. A total of 280 neonates randomly divided (140 in each study group) of both genders, with gestational age between 28-34 weeks and having mild-to-moderate respiratory distress within 1st 6 hours of birth requiring non-invasive ventilation were enrolled. Neonates in NCPAP Group (n=140) were given NCPAP whereas neonates in HHHFNC Group (n=140) were given HHHFNC. The efficacy of both groups were compared on the basis of treatment failure within 1st 3 days, total duration (hours) of non-invasive ventilator (NIV) required and total duration (hours) of supplementary oxygen required.
Results: Overall, mean gestational age was noted to be 30.0+6.4 weeks. There were 144 (51.4%) neonates with birth weight between 1 to 1.4 kg, 90 (32.1%) between 1.5 to 1.9 kg and 46 (16.4%0 between 2.0 to 2.4 kg. Treatment failure was noted in 67 (47.6%) neonates in NCAP group while HHHFNC group reported 73 (52.4%) neonates with treatment failure (p=0.4733). No significant difference was observed in mean total duration of NIV support required (p=0.2598) or mean total duration of supplementary oxygen (p=0.1946) in between study groups.
Conclusion: HHHFNC had similar efficacy when compared to NCPAP among neonates with RDS. In comparison to NCPAP, HHHFNC could be a simple, well-tolerated and effective alternative in terms of respiratory support. No major difference in terms of complication was observed between both treatment approaches.
Effect of Dilution of Propofol on Pain at Site of Injection: Comparison Between 1% vs. 0.33% Formulation
Authors: Khawaja Kamal Nasir  , Rashid Hussain  , Arshad A Shahani  , S.H. Waqar  , Zunaira Tahir
Published: January 2022

Objective: To study the effect of propofol dilution on pain at injection site with formulations of 1% and 0.33%.
Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted for 24 months at the Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad. A total of 100 patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into two equal groups: group C received 1% propofol while patients of group D received 0.33% formulation diluted with distilled water. Patients received propofol at the start of anesthesia before any premedication. A 5ml volume was injected over a period of 5s in an 18G cannula over dorsum of hands. Behaviourial pain scale was used and descriptive data analysis was done.
Results: Then mean age of patients was 37.36Â±14.77 with 46 males and 56 females. Pain at the injection site was experienced in 20 (40%) patients of group C whereas 16 (32%) patients experienced pain in group D. There was no association of pain with a strength of propofol solution (p value 0.405). Conclusion: Strength of propofol solution has no association of pain at the injection site and dilution has no better effect in terms of pain score
A Summary of North American Hardwood Tree Diseases with Bleeding Canker Symptoms
Authors: Nelson A.H. , Hudler G.W.
Published: January 2022

Although the presence of bleeding cankers on deciduous trees may raise fears of the presence of Phytophthora ramorum, the cause of sudden oak death, other pathogens also cause similar symptoms. This review of hardwood tree diseases with bleeding canker symptoms provides an overview of available information of these diseases, providing a diagnosis guide as well as a stimulus for continued research in these areas.
Influence of Irrigation Volume and Mulch on Establishment of Select Shrub Species
Authors: Montague Thayne , McKenney Cynthia , Maurer Michael , Winn Brian
Published: January 2022

In many climates, irrigating shrubs during establishment is critical for long-term growth and survival. However, little research has been conducted to investigate irrigation requirements of newly transplanted container-grown shrubs. During two growing seasons, we investigated gas exchange and growth of newly planted container-grown crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica ‘Victor’), forsythia (Forsythia × intermedia ‘Lynwood’), Vanhoutte spirea (Spiraea × vanhouttei), and photinia (Photinia × fraseri) transplants placed into landscape beds with and without organic mulch. After transplanting, plants were irrigated twice each week at the following rates: 100%, 75%, and 50% of reference evapotranspiration (ETO). In general, each year, transplants with mulch and transplants receiving 100% or 75% ETO-based irrigation had greater stomatal conductance when compared with transplants without mulch and transplants receiving less irrigation. Growth of transplants followed similar trends. However, it is key to note all transplants survived and appeared healthy throughout the growing season. Even transplants receiving 50% ETO were aesthetically pleasing and had growth acceptable for landscape situations. These findings should be useful for landscape irrigation scheduling and for irrigation managers incorporating water conservation into their landscape maintenance programs.
Economic Patterns in U.S. Arboriculture
Authors: O’Bryan Christopher , Straka Thomas , Templeton Scott , Caldwell Judith
Published: January 2022

Arboriculture is a distinct industry that provides unique services to provide for the health and care of trees. It is a developing industry and this development leads to questions on how the industry is organized and operates. We define the industry, identify its size and growth patterns, discuss its structure and organization, describe its operation in terms of pricing and competition, and analyze whether it is dominated by large or small firms. This analysis provides important information for regulation and other policies related to arboriculture. The four largest arboricultural firms account for only 4% of combined industry receipts and the industry comprises nearly 82,000 establishments, employs approximately 160,000 workers, and earns annual gross receipts of nearly $9 billion.
Operational Success of Verbenone Against the Mountain Pine Beetle in a Rural Community
Authors: Borden John , Sparrow Glen , Gervan Nicole
Published: January 2022

Pouches releasing verbenone, the antiaggregation pheromone of the mountain pine beetle, were stapled to 1191 lodgepole pines throughout 95 residential properties in four subdivisions at Lac le Jeune, British Columbia, in July 2005. Postflight assessment in October in three of the subdivisions, where almost all infested trees had been removed before beetle flight, revealed new mass attacks on 3.6% of 3857 available trees 17.5 cm or greater (7 in) dbh. In a fourth subdivision where no infested trees were removed, 19.6% of 634 available trees were mass-attacked. In contrast, 17.4% of 1145 available trees were mass-attacked within 25 m (27.5 yd) wide, verbenone-treated buffer strips on public forest land adjacent to the residential properties, and 48.3% of 4975 available trees were mass-attacked on untreated control areas beyond the buffer strips. We conclude that treatment with verbenone pouches at roughly 15 m (16.5 yd) centers is a useful tool for protecting trees from attack by the mountain pine beetle provided that verbenone is used as part of a multiyear integrated pest management program that also includes disposal of all infested trees on the area to be protected before beetle flight in midsummer.
Decay Detection in Red Oak Trees Using a Combination of Visual Inspection, Acoustic Testing, and Resistance Microdrilling
Authors: Wang Xiping , Allison R. Bruce
Published: January 2022

Arborists are often challenged to identify internal structural defects hidden from view within tree trunks. This article reports the results of a study using a trunk inspection protocol combining visual observation, single-path stress wave testing, acoustic tomography, and resistance microdrilling to detect internal defects. Two century-old red oak (Quercus rubra) trees located in Capitol Park, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S., were visually inspected and then evaluated using a single-path stress wave timer, an acoustic tomography, and a resistance measuring drill. The trees were subsequently felled, and a disk at each test location was obtained and examined. It was found that the visual inspection and single-path stress wave tests correctly identified a general problem but without specificity; the tomograph accurately revealed the general location and magnitude of the defect within the cross-sections tested but required resistance microdrilling to precisely locate defects and differentiate between decay and crack-induced acoustic shadows.
Urban Forest Health Monitoring: Large-Scale Assessments in the United States
Authors: Cumming Anne , Twardus Daniel , Nowak David
Published: January 2022

The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (USFS), together with state partners, developed methods to monitor urban forest structure, function, and health at a large statewide scale. Pilot studies have been established in five states using protocols based on USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis and Forest Health Monitoring program data collection standards. Variables and data analysis are described. Advantages of a large-scale monitoring study are discussed and examples of results from Wisconsin are presented. Studies in Indiana, Wisconsin, New Jersey, Tennessee, and Colorado, U.S., have shown that urban forest health monitoring data collection and analysis is feasible and can be implemented nationally.
Covid-19 Salgınının Konut Tercihlerine Etkisi
Authors: GÖNEN Tahir , ÇETİNKAYA Emre
Published: January 2022

Çin’in Wuhan kentinde 2019 yılında ortaya çıkan Covid 19 salgınının etkilediği sektörlerden birisi de inşaat sektörü olmuştur. Yapılmış pek çok araştırma salgının tüketici davranışlarını etkilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Konut insanın en fazla zaman geçirdiği mekanların başında gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada salgın ve akabinde uygulanan kısıtlamaların konut tercihlerinin etkileyip etkilemediği belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Google trend verilerinden ve Uşak Belediyesi İmar Müdürlüğünden alınan veriler kullanılarak müstakil eve yönelim olup olmadığı değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Identifying potential sites for artificial groundwater recharge using GIS and AHP techniques: A case study of Erbil basin, Iraq
Authors:   Institute of Geology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg,09599 Freiberg, Germany, Al-Kakey Omeed H. , Othman Arsalan A. ,   Iraq Geological Survey, Al-Andalus Square, 10068 Baghdad, Iraq, Merkel Broder J. ,   Department of Petroleum Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, 46001 Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Published: January 2022

Excessive extraction, uncontrolled withdrawal of groundwater, and unregulated practices have caused severe depletion of groundwater resources in the Erbil basin, Iraq. This situation has had a number of negative consequences on human settlement, agricultural activities, clean water supply, and the environment. Runoff harvesting and artificial groundwater recharge play a significant role in the sustainable management of water resources, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. This study aims to: (1) delineate groundwater recharge zones using multiple thematic layers that control the groundwater recharge process, and (2) identify prospective sites and structures to perform artificial groundwater recharge. In order to generate a potential map for groundwater recharge zones, seven thematic layers are considered in this study, namely, topographic position index, geomorphology, lithology, land cover, slope, drainage-length density, and lineament-length density. After that, the analytic hierarchy process was applied to weight, rank, and reclassify these seven thematic layers. All maps are then integrated within the ArcGIS environment for delineating groundwater recharge zones. Accordingly, the resulting map categorizes the study area into five zones: extremely high, high, moderate, low, and extremely low potential for groundwater recharge. As expected, areas along the Greater Zab river show the highest possibility for groundwater recharge. Likewise, rugged eastern hills demonstrate an encouraging capacity for artificial aquifer recharge, whereas the least effective area is represented by built-up land. Based on the generated map, two dams are proposed as promising artificial recharge structures for harvesting runoff water east of Erbil city. Lastly, the resulting map of the potential groundwater recharge zones is verified using static water level data, where the coefficient of determination (R2) achieved a satisfactory result (0.73). These findings provide crucial evidence for implementing a sustainable management plan of surface and groundwater resources. The applied method is eventually valid for regions where appropriate and adequate field data availability is a serious issue.
AVO analysis for high amplitude anomalies using 2D pre-stack seismic data
Authors:   Department of Earth science, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Abdulkareem Lamees N.
Published: January 2022

Amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis is an 1 efficient tool for hydrocarbon detection and identification of elastic rock properties and fluid types. It has been applied in the present study using reprocessed pre-stack 2D seismic data (1992, Caulerpa) from north-west of the Bonaparte Basin, Australia. The AVO response along the 2D pre-stack seismic data in the Laminaria High NW shelf of Australia was also investigated. Three hypotheses were suggested to investigate the AVO behaviour of the amplitude anomalies in which three different factors; fluid substitution, porosity and thickness (Wedge model) were tested. The AVO models with the synthetic gathers were analysed using log information to find which of these is the controlling parameter on the AVO analysis. AVO cross plots from the real pre-stack seismic data reveal AVO class IV (showing a negative intercept decreasing with offset). This result matches our modelled result of fluid substitution for the seismic synthetics. It is concluded that fluid substitution is the controlling parameter on the AVO analysis and therefore, the high amplitude anomaly on the seabed and the target horizon 9 is the result of changing the fluid content and the lithology along the target horizons. While changing the porosity has little effect on the amplitude variation with offset within the AVO cross plot. Finally, results from the wedge models show that a small change of thickness causes a change in the amplitude; however, this change in thickness gives a different AVO characteristic and a mismatch with the AVO result of the real 2D pre-stack seismic data. Therefore, a constant thin layer with changing fluids is more likely to be the cause of the high amplitude anomalies.
A Review on Pre and Post Systematic Survey of Corona Virus Disease-19
Authors: Zore Swapnali , Bhosale Priyanka
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease2019(COVID-19)has become a serious ill health causing sever acute respiratory disorder in humans. The most purpose of this work to review various symptoms which occur during this disease of corona. It’s claimed that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19) Pandemic had a negative impact on psychological state. Since, it's important to spot which factors modulate the strain response to the pandemic. This article gives detailed information of corona virus or disease, that's origin of virus, how these virus affects the body? Which symptoms are produced during this disease? It describes detailed information of not only pre-covid phase but also post-covid phase. Because in some cases, after recovering of covid, some symptoms are remaining in patients and that they can appear as very long time this called post COVID. So, this text Describes that what Symptoms are produced and the way was treated that's it describes over you journey of coronavirus to black fungus i.e., Mucormycosis. The study was informed by emerging clinical understandings of long Covid and theories from the social sciences of the narrative nature of human experience, lived experience of illness and its links to identity, stigma, burden of illness, good professional practice, access to health care, peer support among patient communities and experience-based co-design of services. The main aim of this research study is to assess the impact of theCovid-19 Outbreak on psychological state and to research the flexibility of pre-outbreak SOC levels to predict changes in psychopathological symptoms.
Study on the Effect of Nano-Silica in Mechanical and Durability Properties of Concrete with Steel Fiber
Authors: G Vasanth , Ramadevi Dr. K.
Published: January 2022

This study presents experimentally the combined effect of using Nano-silica (NS) and steel fibers (SF) on the mechanical properties of hardened concrete. NS is used as partial cement replacement by different percentages, and SF is used as volume substitution by different percentages. Splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and flexural strength are evaluated using different combinations between NS and SF. Significant improvement in the mechanical properties of concrete is observed on using NS due to its high pozzolanic activity. The Optimum content of SF is improved splitting tensile strength with different percentages respectively compared to without either NS or SF. Utilizing NS with SF leads to improving modulus of elasticity compared to without either NS or SF. Flexural strength is doubled for using NS and SF compared to without NS and SF.
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar’s Thoughts on Economy Reform
Authors: Maurya Madhubala
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, I have analyzed economic thoughts of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, mainly economic ideas reflected in his writings such as, ‘The Problem of Rupee: Its origin and its solution’, ‘The Evolution of Provincial Finance in British India: A Study in the Provincial Decentralization of imperial finance’, It can be said that Indian economy at present is facing many problems similar to that at the time of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar as instability of money leading to inflation, its socioeconomic implications and its unequal effects on various strata of society, uneconomical public expenditure and rising fiscal deficits, increasing inequalities of income and wealth, and so on. Are Ambedkar’s economic thoughts relevant to understand these problems as well as to provide its solutions? Analyzing his economic ideology, it can be said that India could have been more inclusive if his ideas had been followed in its true spirit. So we can say that India needs to follow his economic ideology in her short term as well as long term economic planning and policy making to shape Inclusive India.
Moralidade e sentido do trabalho para profissionais do sexo
Authors: Rebonatto Cintia Sonale , Pessotto Ana Paula , Gallon Shalimar , Pauli Jandir
Published: January 2022

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o sentido do trabalho para profissionais do sexo ante a imoralidade social do seu trabalho. Para isso, exploram-se como estes profissionais estabelecem boas combinações entre as transações econômicas e intimidade nas suas relações de trabalho a fim de dar sentido ao seu trabalho. A partir de um estudo qualitativo, foram entrevistadas oito profissionais e as informações coletadas foram analisadas com base na análise de conteúdo. O estudo mostrou que o sentido do trabalho está vinculado ao ajuste bem-sucedido entre transações monetárias e laços de intimidade. É este ajuste que permite criar suporte para dar sentido do trabalho, mesmo em um contexto de contestação moral. Constatou-se, também, que frequentemente as fronteiras entre intimidade e economia são transgredidas, exigindo destas trabalhadoras um esforço permanente para ajustar as relações econômicas no exercício do trabalho.
Análise do plano de contigência da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz para o enfrentamento do Coronavírus
Authors: Garcia Gabriel Adolfo , Schwantz Patricia Inês , Moretto Neto Luís
Published: January 2022

Buscou-se analisar as ações do Plano de Contingência da Fiocruz frente a pandemia de Covid-19, a partir dos pressupostos de Perry e Lindell (2003) no Processo de Planejamento de Emergência. A pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo, do tipo estudo de caso. Identificou-se que entre os 10 pressupostos, seis foram identificados no plano da Fiocruz nas ações propostas para enfrentamento da Covid-19. Isso não inviabiliza a construção realizada, tendo em vista que a comparação do Plano de Contingência estudado com os pressupostos indicados pelos autores que sustentam a análise visa contribuir para a reflexão necessária à elaboração de documentos com abrangência ampliada, para que as situações decorrentes de eventos emergenciais decorrentes de crises sejam contempladas e com diretrizes estabelecidas para sua mitigação. No processo de gestão de crises, a coordenação e a integração das ações governamentais, com o terceiro setor e a sociedade civil constituem fator de terminante de sucesso.
Expression of lncRNAs in children with pancreaticobiliary maljunction: functional analysis and potential biomarkers
Authors: Zhao Lian , Shi San-li , Guo Wan-liang
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) leads to higher rates of complications, including cholangitis,pancreatitis, and malignancies. The present study was to investigat the expression profile of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their potential role as biomarkers in children with pancreaticobiliary maljunction.

Material and methods

The differential expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs from 15 pediatric patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction and 15 control subjects were analyzed using a commercial microarray and validated with qRT-PCR. The potential biological functions of differentially expressed genes were explored based on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment. The ability of potential lncRNA biomarkers to predict pancreaticobiliary maljunction was assessed based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

There were 2915 mRNAs and 173 lncRNAs upregulated, and 2121 mRNAs and 316 lncRNAs downregulated in pancreaticobiliary maljunction cases compared to controls. The enriched Gene Ontology categories associated with differentially expressed mRNAs were extracellular matrix, extracellular region, and kinetochore. The most enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia pathway was protein digestion and absorption, which has been associated with cancer and PI3K-Akt signaling. Analysis of cis- and trans-target genes predicted that a single lncRNA was able to regulate several mRNAs. The qRT-PCR results for NR_110876, NR_132344, XR_946886, and XR_002956345 were consistent with the microarray results, and the difference was statistically significant for NR_132344, XR_946886, and XR_002956345 (p < 0.05). AUC was significant only for XR_946886 (0.837, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our results implicate lncRNAs in common bile duct pathogenesis in pancreaticobiliary maljunction, and they identify XR_946886 as a potential biomarker for the disease.
TRANSTORNOS MENTAIS NA ADOLESCÊNCIA
Authors: Cunha Andreia de Medeiros
Published: January 2022

Introdução: A adolescência é um período de tempo limitado e peculiar, caracterizado por mudanças ambientais, fisiológicas e por um processo de neurodesenvolvimento funcional do cérebro, de maneira, relativamente, invertida. Objetivo: Revisar, com base na literatura, a hipótese de que a configuração do neurofuncionamento cerebral, nessa fase, predispõe ao desenvolvimento de distúrbios comportamentais e emocionais, ainda que não seja, unicamente, determinante para a evolução de patologias psiquiátricas. Material e métodos: As bases de dados consultadas foram: Psycinfo, Pubmed e Scopus, em publicações de 2017 a 2021, com os descritores: “transtorno mental” AND “neurodensenvolvimento funcional” AND “adolescentes”, em português e inglês. Os critérios de exclusão foram: estudos fora do tema, faixa etária diferente da especificada ou publicações anteriores a 2017. Cinco artigos satisfizeram aos critérios da pesquisa. Resultados: Os autores pesquisados corroboraram com a hipótese levantada, reafirmando que, no período crítico da adolescência, o aspecto neurobiológico mais primitivo e impulsivo, comandado pelo sistema límbico (em acelerado desenvolvimento) se sobrepõe ao controle inibitório mais ponderado do córtex pré-frontal (que se desenvolve plenamente mais tarde). Junte-se a isso fatores hormonais e ambientais significativos: mudanças corporais, primeiras experiências afetivo-sexuais, a competitividade, escolha profissional, pressão social de aceitação no grupo, pressão estética, moda, exclusão, bullying, mídias digitais, entre outros. Todos esses desafios, para quem já possui predisposições neurobiológicas, pode desencadear precocemente doenças mentais desde a infância (mais raro) ou a adolescência (cada vez mais comum), aumentando a gravidade, dificultando o tratamento e piorando o prognóstico. Conclusão: Diante de tais evidências, esse consiste num momento vulnerável da vida, do ponto de vista da saúde mental, e merece especial cuidado, tanto dos profissionais, professores e familiares/cuidadores na identificação e reconhecimento precoce dos sinais/sintomas a fim de melhorar a evolução e a qualidade de vida dos que adoecem. Em se tratando de um estudo do neurodesenvolvimento, para além do tratamento medicamentoso, recomenda-se psicoterapia e mudanças de hábitos de vida com inserção social, uma vez que a o isolamento social traz prejuízos, não só no funcionamento sócio-emocional, mas também constitui um dos principais preditores de atrofia cerebral subcortical.
PENERAPAN NILAI KEROHANIAN ISLAM DALAM PERANCANGAN KERJAYA PELAJAR TVET
Authors: AHMAD ROSLI MOHD NOR  , MOHAMMAD FAHMI ABDUL HAMID  , KHAIRUL AIZAL BIN OSMAN
Published: January 2022

Kerjaya merupakan satu agenda penting dalam Islam dalam merealisasikan konsep dunia sebagai jambatan ke akhirat. Kerjaya yang baik perlu dirancang bagi memastikannya kongruen, halal dan menepati kehendak Islam walaupun dalam bidang teknikal yang penuh dengan amali dan kerja tangan. Penerapan nilai kerohanian Islam merupakan perkara yang perlu ada dalam perancangan kerjaya bagi memastikan pelan perancangan menepati kehendak syariat Islam. Justeru, kajian ini telah dilakukan untuk meneroka penerapan nilai kerohanian dalam perancangan kerjaya pelajar Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET). Kajian berbentuk kualitatif ini menggunakan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) sebagai kaedah kutipan data. Peserta kajian terdiri daripada 12 orang lulusan kolej komuniti dan politeknik telah berjaya dalam kerjaya yang digabungkan bersama tiga orang pensyarah teknikal yang berpengalaman bagi menguatkan hasil dapatan. Hasil analisis tema terhadap perbincangan FGD telah berjaya menemui enam tema utama dan sepuluh sub tema. Tema utama ialah (1) Niat, (2) Azam, (3) Sabar, (4) Istiqamah, (5) Doa dan Tawakal, dan (6) Jaga Hubungan. Hasil kajian ini dapat dijadikan panduan untuk pelajar TVET dalam merangka kerjaya mereka berpandukan syariat Allah SWT.

Career is an important agenda in Islam towards the concept of the world as a bridge to after death. A good career needs to be planned to ensure that it is congruent, halal and meets the requirements of Islam even in a technical field that is full of practicals and manual labour. The application of spiritual values is a must in career planning to ensure that the planning meets the requirements of Islamic law. This is because, without the element of spirituality, an individual is empty in terms of manners to be a good employee. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the application of spiritual values in career planning required by Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) students to be a balanced workforce in terms of skills and manners. This qualitative study used Focus Group Discussion (FGD) as the data collection method. The study participants consisted of 12graduates of community colleges and polytechnics who have been successful in their careers, combined with three experienced technical lecturers to strengthen the findings. The results of the thematic analysis of the FGD discussion have successfully found six main themes and ten subthemes. The main themes are (1) Intention, (2) Determination, (3) Patience, (4) Istiqamah, (5) Prayer and Trust, and (6) Keeping Relationships. The results of this study can be used as a guide for TVET students in planning their careers based on the law of Allah SWT.
SOCIO-CULTURAL AND SOCIAL-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PARENTS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON LEARNING OUTCOMES OF CLASS VII STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 11 TANJUNGBALAI SCHOOL YEAR 2020/2021
Authors: Arief Siti Fikriyah Bungsu , Azhari Ichwan , Nasriah Nasriah
Published: January 2022

Many factors can affect a student's success in learning, both internal and external factors, such as socio-cultural and economic parents of students. The study aims to analyze the socio-cultural conditions (family environment) and socio-economic conditions of parents (education, employment and parental income) and their effect on students' social study learning outcomes. From most of the socio-cultural conditions of students (family environments) are categorized well. The socio-cultural conditions of students have a significant effect on the learning outcomes of students' social studies with a value of p = 0.004, in socio-economic conditions of the student's parents, most of whom have a low education, work as non-civil servants and the majority of the student's parents' income is relatively low. The education of the student's parents has a significant effect on the student's social studies learning outcomes. The work of the student's parents had a significant effect on the student's social study learning outcomes with a score of p = 0.016. The income of the parents of students had a significant effect on the learning outcomes of social studies of students with a value of p = 0.017, the results of a double logistic regression analysis concluded that the socio-cultural and educational conditions of parents were simultaneously a significant and dominant (strong) influence on social study learning outcomes for students of class VII of Tanjungbalai State Junior High School 11 Tanjungbalai school year 2020/2021.
سیاسی وریاستی امن و استحکام صحاح ستہ کی روایات کے تناظر میں
Authors: Kashmiri Ihsanullah , Umar Zai Attaullah , Khan Dr Muhammad Ikramullah
Published: January 2022

The survival of any country and state is conditional on the prosperity of its subjects, peace and tranquility, and the elimination of internal and external anarchy. If a country’s internal system suffers from disnity, if there is no balance of relations the between people and the authorities, it will not take long for this state of decline. That is why Islamic law has given such clear rules to the rulers and subjects that by following them any country can achieve prosperity. These principles and guidelines of Islamic law have been taken from the hadiths of the prophet ﷺ.

The principles and teachings given by the Prophet (ﷺ) in this regard are of three kinds.Teachings that are shared between the authorities and the subjects, such as piety and piety, enjoining good and forbidding evil, self-accountability and subordination، And these are the foundations for the betterment of individual and collective life۔ Teachings that relate only to the authorities include a sense of responsibility, self-accountability and transparent accountability of subordinates, leniency towards subjects, enforcement of God's commandments, protection of national treasury, protection on internal and external fronts of the state, competence. It is important to give positions on the basis, protect the fundamental rights of the people and establish justice. Practicing them increases the respect of the authorities in the eyes of the subjects, makes the subjects happy and keeps them away from chaos and disorder and she volunteered voluntarily to assist the authorities in every possible way. Teaching is for the subjects and that is that all the members of the subjects should cooperate with the authorities in good deeds, avoid all kinds of rebellion and rebellion and the subjects should be related to brotherhood, love and selflessness. It sits in the hearts and because of this it is safe from all kinds of atrocities, it cannot be a tool of external forces and riotous elements which creates a peaceful environment and a stable society.
Pancreatic cyst-solid mass: tuberculosis
Authors: Wu C , Wang S , Hu B
Published: January 2022

Question: A 29-year-old Chinese male was admitted to our department with a history of right upper quadrant pain for two months, anorexia, weight loss about 5 kg and without fever. The pain radiated to the back and it got worst lately. He didn’t have a history of tuberculosis. The sclera was mild icteric. Laboratory test results showed total bilirubin level increased to 58 umol/L (normal level <28 umol/L) and tumor markers were normal. Chest X-ray was normal. Abdominal contrastenhanced CT showed a 25 x 30 mm cyst-solid mass in the head of pancreas (Figure1. A) and the lesion was mild enhancement in arterial phase. Pancreatic tumor was considered. Endoscopic ultrasonography confirmed the mass with uneven echo in the pancreatic head and the boundary of the mass was not clear (Figure1. B). The lesion may invade the portal vein. As the patient was young and the operation was very traumatic, the patient refused surgery unless the lesion was proved to be a tumor.
Unusual cause of low abdominal pain
Authors: Gelders F , Vandewalle J , Struyve M
Published: January 2022

A 53-year-old woman, G2P2, was referred to the outpatient clinic because of chronic abdominal pain. Abdominal examination revealed tenderness in the right lower quadrant without peritoneal signs and blood analysis was normal. To exclude slow transit constipation a pellet study was performed: plain abdominal radio-graphy showed the presence of all ingested pellets and an abnormal, slightly lateralized and angulated position of the intrauterine device, a levonorgestrel intrauterine system called Mirena® which was placed five years earlier (figure 1). Subsequently an abdominal computed tomography was executed.
MUDANÇAS TECNOLÓGICAS E SEUS IMPACTOS NO PROCESSO DE TRABALHO NA ÁREA DE ANÁLISES CLÍNICAS: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Mendonça Flávia Coelho Ribeiro , Oliveira Maria Beatriz Siqueira Campos de , Murito Mônica Mendes Caminha , Costa Marco Antonio Ferreira da
Published: January 2022

O objetivo desse estudo, no campo do ensino de ciências, foi discutir a formação do técnico de nível médio que atua na área de análises clínicas, frente às mudanças tecnológicas no processo de trabalho Os sujeitos da pesquisa trabalhavam em laboratórios clínicos de rotina diagnóstica de três Instituições do município do Rio de Janeiro. Utilizamos como instrumento de coleta de dados, entrevistas com perguntas abertas e fechadas. Como resultados, verificamos que nos setores de bioquímica e uroanálise, todas as técnicas passaram a ser automatizadas, diferentemente do observado nos outros setores em que apenas uma parte das técnicas foi automatizada, com exceção do setor de parasitologia, totalmente manual. Essa pesquisa apontou que apesar de não ter havido impacto no processo de trabalho desta área, a formação do trabalhador deve ser ampliada para atender as tendências futuras das novas tecnologias.
منظومة القيم في الحوار مع المخالف عبر التاريخ: حوارات الصحابة ٪ مع الخوارج أنموذجاً
Authors:   الأستاذ المساعد بقسم العقيدة والمذاهب المعاصر كلية الشريعة والدراسات الإسلامية   جامعة القصيم, عبدالرحمن اليحياء ياسر
Published: January 2022

يذهب البحث الى استجلاء منظومة القيم في الحوار مع المخالف من خلال التفتيش في تراثنا الثقافي، وقيمنا الدينية المتأصلة، وقد حاولت في هذا البحث أن أوقف القارئ الكريم على شيءٍ من ذلك من خلال مواقف الصحابة رضي الله عنهم مع فرقة الخوارج المارقين الذين ظهروا في أواخر الخلافة الراشدة، وتتمثل هذه الموقف في محاوراتهم المتعددة والمتنوعة مع الخوارج سواء كان ذلك في بداية ظهورهم - كما هو الحال في محاورة علي وابن عباس رضي الله عنهم-، أو بعد تشكل فرقهم وقوة شوكتهم كما في محاورة ابن الزبير وجابر بن عبدالله رضي الله عنهم. وقد وقفت في هذه المحاورات على قيم مهمة في الحوار، يحسن استلهامها والعمل بها وخصوصاً مع التيارات الغالية المتطرفة في زماننا الحاضر، تجلت فيها بعد نظر الصحابة وطول صبرهم، وقوة حجتهم، ورُقي أخلاقهم، وعدلهم مع المخالف قبل الموافق، وثقتهم بما عندهم من الحق والهدى والنور.
الصراط ومقاصده العقدية
Authors:   مّدرِسة التربية الإسلامية في متوسطة السيدة خديجة (عليها السلام) للبنات ديوان الوقف الشيعي, حسين نعمه م. د ـ هيفاء , قحطان حمدان أ. د ـ محسن ,   جامعة بغداد ـ كلية العلوم الإسلامية
Published: January 2022

الصراط ومقاصده العقدية جاءت هذه الدراسة لأجل بيان المقاصد العقدية من الإيمان بالصراط الذي ينصبه تعالى للعباد على متن جهنم، فكانت مؤلفة من مقدمة ومطالبٍ أربعة، وكما يأتي: المطلب الأول: مقاصد التمييز بين مراتب الناس وفق العدالة الإلهية، فالمارُّون عليه مختلفون، فمنهم سالم بعمله ناجٍ من الوقوع في النار، ومنهم غير السالم، فيسقط في نار جهنم، وجميعهم متفاوتون في مراتبهم بما يتوافق وعدالة الله تعالى وما قدَّموه لأنفسهم من أعمال. المطلب الثاني: مقاصد الرحمة الإلهية في إكرام النبي k وأمته على الصراط وتجسيد استقامتهم؛ إذ يكون k هو وأمته أول من يجيزه برحمة الله تعالى وتفضله، فضلاً عن تجسيد استقامة الخَلق على الطريق الحَق الذي يرتضيه تعالى لهم. المطلب الثالث: مقاصد تربية المؤمنين على صالح الأعمال في الحياة الدنيا، لما ورَدَ عن النبيa التنبيه إليها، والتي من شأنها أن تنفس أو تقلل من شدائد هذه الكرب والأهوال على من قام بها بنفس طيبة مبتغياً رضا الله تعالى
ISWFoam: a numerical model for internal solitary wave simulation in continuously stratified fluids
Authors: Li Jingyuan , Zhang Qinghe , Chen Tongqing
Published: January 2022

Abstract. A numerical model, ISWFoam, for simulating internal solitary waves
(ISWs) in continuously stratified, incompressible, viscous fluids is
developed based on a fully three-dimensional (3D) Navier–Stokes equation
using the open-source code OpenFOAM®. This model combines the density
transport equation with the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation with
the Coriolis force, and the model discrete equation adopts the finite-volume
method. The k–ω SST turbulence model has also been modified according to the variable density field. ISWFoam provides two initial wave generation
methods to generate an ISW in continuously stratified fluids, including
solving the weakly nonlinear models of the extended Korteweg–de Vries
(eKdV) equation and the fully nonlinear models of the Dubreil–Jacotin–Long
(DJL) equation. Grid independence tests for ISWFoam are performed, and
considering the accuracy and computing efficiency, the appropriate grid size
of the ISW simulation is recommended to be 1/150th of
the characteristic length and 1/25th of the ISW amplitude. Model
verifications are conducted through comparisons between the simulated and
experimental data for ISW propagation examples over a flat bottom section,
including laboratory scale and actual ocean scale, a submerged triangular
ridge, a Gaussian ridge, and slope. The laboratory test results, including
the ISW profile, wave breaking location, ISW arrival time, and the spatial
and temporal changes in the mixture region, are well reproduced by ISWFoam.
The ISWFoam model with unstructured grids and local mesh refinement can
effectively simulate the evolution of ISWs, the ISW breaking phenomenon,
waveform inversion of ISWs, and the interaction between ISWs and complex
topography.
WOMBAT v1.0: a fully Bayesian global flux-inversion framework
Authors: Zammit-Mangion Andrew , Bertolacci Michael , Fisher Jenny , Stavert Ann , Rigby Matthew , Cao Yi , Cressie Noel
Published: January 2022

Abstract. WOMBAT (the WOllongong Methodology for Bayesian Assimilation of Trace-gases) is a fully Bayesian hierarchical statistical framework for flux inversion of trace gases from flask, in situ, and remotely sensed data. WOMBAT extends the conventional Bayesian synthesis framework through the consideration of a correlated error term, the capacity for online bias correction, and the provision of uncertainty quantification on all unknowns that appear in the Bayesian statistical model. We show, in an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE), that these extensions are crucial when the data are indeed biased and have errors that are spatio-temporally correlated. Using the GEOS-Chem atmospheric transport model, we show that WOMBAT is able to obtain posterior means and variances on non-fossil-fuel CO2 fluxes from Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) data that are comparable to those from the Model Intercomparison Project (MIP) reported in Crowell et al. (2019). We also find that WOMBAT's predictions of out-of-sample retrievals obtained from the Total Column Carbon Observing Network (TCCON) are, for the most part, more accurate than those made by the MIP participants.
Characterizing tundra snow sub-pixel variability to improve brightness temperature estimation in satellite SWE retrievals
Authors: Meloche Julien , Langlois Alexandre , Rutter Nick , Royer Alain , King Josh , Walker Branden , Marsh Philip , Wilcox Evan J.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Topography and vegetation play a major role in sub-pixel variability of
Arctic snowpack properties but are not considered in current passive
microwave (PMW) satellite SWE retrievals. Simulation of sub-pixel
variability of snow properties is also problematic when downscaling snow and
climate models. In this study, we simplified observed variability of
snowpack properties (depth, density, microstructure) in a two-layer model
with mean values and distributions of two multi-year tundra dataset so they
could be incorporated in SWE retrieval schemes. Spatial variation of snow
depth was parameterized by a log-normal distribution with mean (μsd)
values and coefficients of variation (CVsd). Snow depth variability
(CVsd) was found to increase as a function of the area measured by a
remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS). Distributions of snow specific
surface area (SSA) and density were found for the wind slab (WS) and depth
hoar (DH) layers. The mean depth hoar fraction (DHF) was found to be higher
in Trail Valley Creek (TVC) than in Cambridge Bay (CB), where TVC is at a
lower latitude with a subarctic shrub tundra compared to CB, which is a
graminoid tundra. DHFs were fitted with a Gaussian process and predicted from
snow depth. Simulations of brightness temperatures using the Snow Microwave
Radiative Transfer (SMRT) model incorporating snow depth and DHF variation
were evaluated with measurements from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager
and Sounder (SSMIS) sensor. Variation in snow depth (CVsd) is proposed
as an effective parameter to account for sub-pixel variability in PMW
emission, improving simulation by 8 K. SMRT simulations using a CVsd of
0.9 best matched CVsd observations from spatial datasets for areas > 3 km2, which is comparable to the 3.125 km pixel size of
the Equal-Area Scalable Earth (EASE)-Grid 2.0 enhanced resolution at 37 GHz.
Impact of Quality of Online Education on Student’s Satisfaction Level: A Study during Pandemic
Authors: Bukhari Dr Fatima Khurram , Fahd Dr Samar , Iqbal Sabiha , Channar Waqas
Published: January 2022

This study was conducted to check the impact of quality of online education during a worldwide pandemic on satisfaction level of students. The total sample size of this study was 212. Through the use of purposive sampling technique, the participants were chosen from different departments of The Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Cross-sectional survey research design is included in the present study. Students’ Perceptions of E-learning Questionnaire and Student Satisfaction with Online Learning were the two questionnaires used for collecting data. Using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Bivariate Correlation, and Regression Analysis, the results were examined. Online education was significantly negatively associated with student satisfaction, indicated the findings of this analysis. The sample of the study was restricted to students only. Further, in order to broad the scope of the study it is suggested to expand the present research on other universities students from all over Punjab.