bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Micro-Comb Test System for In Situ Investigation of Infiltration and Crystallization Processes
Authors: Gruber Dominik , Wolf Stefan , Hoyt Andra-Lisa , Konsek Julian , Cölfen Helmut
Published: October 2017

The investigation of mineralization and demineralization processes is important for the understanding of many phenomena in daily life. Many crystalline materials are exposed to decay processes, resulting in lesions, cracks, and cavities. Historical artifacts, for example, often composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), are damaged by exposure to acid rain or temperature cycles. Another example for lesions in a crystalline material is dental caries, which lead to the loss of dental hard tissue, mainly composed of hydroxyapatite (HAp). The filling of such cavities and lesions, to avoid further mineral loss and enable or support the remineralization, is a major effort in both areas. Nevertheless, the investigation of the filling process of these materials into the cavities is difficult due to the non-transparency and crystallinity of the concerned materials. In order to address this problem, we present a transparent, inexpensive, and reusable test system for the investigation of infiltration and crystallization processes in situ, being able to deliver datasets that could potentially be used for quantitative evaluation of the infiltration process. This was achieved using a UV-lithography-based micro-comb test system (MCTS), combined with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to mimic the surface tension/wettability of different materials, like marble, sandstone, or human enamel. Moreover, the potential of this test system is illustrated by infiltration of a CaCO3 crystallization solution and a hydroxyapatite precursor (HApP) into the MCTS.
Balanced Diet-Fed Fat-1 Transgenic Mice Exhibit Lower Hindlimb Suspension-Induced Soleus Muscle Atrophy
Authors: Marzuca-Nassr Gabriel Nasri , Murata Gilson Masahiro , Martins Amanda Roque , Vitzel Kaio Fernando , Crisma Amanda Rabello , Torres Rosângela Pavan , Mancini-Filho Jorge , Kang Jing Xuan , Curi Rui
Published: October 2017

The consequences of two-week hindlimb suspension (HS) on skeletal muscle atrophy were investigated in balanced diet-fed Fat-1 transgenic and C57BL/6 wild-type mice. Body composition and gastrocnemius fatty acid composition were measured. Skeletal muscle force, cross-sectional area (CSA), and signaling pathways associated with protein synthesis (protein kinase B, Akt; ribosomal protein S6, S6, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, 4EBP1; glycogen synthase kinase3-beta, GSK3-beta; and extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2, ERK 1/2) and protein degradation (atrophy gene-1/muscle atrophy F-box, atrogin-1/MAFbx and muscle RING finger 1, MuRF1) were evaluated in the soleus muscle. HS decreased soleus muscle wet and dry weights (by 43% and 26%, respectively), muscle isotonic and tetanic force (by 29% and 18%, respectively), CSA of the soleus muscle (by 36%), and soleus muscle fibers (by 45%). Fat-1 transgenic mice had a decrease in the ω-6/ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ratio as compared with C57BL/6 wild-type mice (56%, p < 0.001). Fat-1 mice had lower soleus muscle dry mass loss (by 10%) and preserved absolute isotonic force (by 17%) and CSA of the soleus muscle (by 28%) after HS as compared with C57BL/6 wild-type mice. p-GSK3B/GSK3B ratio was increased (by 70%) and MuRF-1 content decreased (by 50%) in the soleus muscle of Fat-1 mice after HS. Balanced diet-fed Fat-1 mice are able to preserve in part the soleus muscle mass, absolute isotonic force and CSA of the soleus muscle in a disuse condition.
Long-Term, High-Resolution Survey of Atmospheric Aerosols over Egypt with NASA’s MODIS Data
Authors: Shokr Mohammed , El-Tahan Muhammed , Ibrahim Alaa , Steiner Allison , Gad Nashaat
Published: October 2017

A decadal survey of atmospheric aerosols over Egypt and selected cities and regions is presented using daily aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) at 550 nm wavelength onboard the Aqua satellite. We explore the AOD spatio-temporal variations over Egypt during a 12-year record (2003 to 2014) using the MODIS high-resolution (10 km) Level 2 data product. Five cities and two geographic regions that feature different landscape and human activities were selected for detailed analysis. For most of the examined areas, AOD is found to be most frequent in the 0.2–0.3 range, and the highest mean AOD was found to be over Cairo, Alexandria, and the Nile Delta region. Severe events are identified based on AOD higher than a selected threshold. Most of these events are engendered by sand and dust storms that originate from the Western Desert during January–April. Spatial analysis indicates that they cover the Nile Delta region, including cities of Cairo and Alexandria, on the same day. Examination of the spatial gradient of AOD along the four cardinal directions originating from the city’s center reveals seasonally dependent gradients in some cases. The gradients have been linked to locations of industrial activity. No trend of AOD has been observed in the studied areas during the study period, though data from Cairo and Asyut reveal a slight linear increase of AOD. Considering Cairo is commonly perceived as a city of poor air quality, the results show that local events are fairly constrained. The study highlights spatial and seasonal distributions of AOD and links them to geographic and climatic conditions across the country.
Robust Weighted Sum Harvested Energy Maximization for SWIPT Cognitive Radio Networks Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Tuan Pham , Koo Insoo
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we consider multiuser simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) for cognitive radio systems where a secondary transmitter (ST) with an antenna array provides information and energy to multiple single-antenna secondary receivers (SRs) equipped with a power splitting (PS) receiving scheme when multiple primary users (PUs) exist. The main objective of the paper is to maximize weighted sum harvested energy for SRs while satisfying their minimum required signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), the limited transmission power at the ST, and the interference threshold of each PU. For the perfect channel state information (CSI), the optimal beamforming vectors and PS ratios are achieved by the proposed PSO-SDR in which semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) methods are jointly combined. We prove that SDR always has a rank-1 solution, and is indeed tight. For the imperfect CSI with bounded channel vector errors, the upper bound of weighted sum harvested energy (WSHE) is also obtained through the S-Procedure. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed PSO-SDR has fast convergence and better performance as compared to the other baseline schemes.
Defect Detection and Segmentation Framework for Remote Field Eddy Current Sensor Data
Authors: Falque Raphael , Vidal-Calleja Teresa , Miro Jaime
Published: October 2017

Remote-Field Eddy-Current (RFEC) technology is often used as a Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) method to prevent water pipe failures. By analyzing the RFEC data, it is possible to quantify the corrosion present in pipes. Quantifying the corrosion involves detecting defects and extracting their depth and shape. For large sections of pipelines, this can be extremely time-consuming if performed manually. Automated approaches are therefore well motivated. In this article, we propose an automated framework to locate and segment defects in individual pipe segments, starting from raw RFEC measurements taken over large pipelines. The framework relies on a novel feature to robustly detect these defects and a segmentation algorithm applied to the deconvolved RFEC signal. The framework is evaluated using both simulated and real datasets, demonstrating its ability to efficiently segment the shape of corrosion defects.
Application of Negative Curvature Hollow-Core Fiber in an Optical Fiber Sensor Setup for Multiphoton Spectroscopy
Authors: Popenda Maciej Andrzej , Stawska Hanna Izabela , Mazur Leszek Mateusz , Jakubowski Konrad , Kosolapov Alexey , Kolyadin Anton , Bereś-Pawlik Elżbieta
Published: October 2017

In this paper, an application of negative curvature hollow core fiber (NCHCF) in an all-fiber, multiphoton fluorescence sensor setup is presented. The dispersion parameter (D) of this fiber does not exceed the value of 5 ps/nm × km across the optical spectrum of (680–750) nm, making it well suited for the purpose of multiphoton excitation of biological fluorophores. Employing 1.5 m of this fiber in a simple, all-fiber sensor setup allows us to perform multiphoton experiments without any dispersion compensation methods. Multiphoton excitation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) with this fiber shows a 6- and 9-fold increase, respectively, in the total fluorescence signal collected when compared with the commercial solution in the form of a hollow-core photonic band gap fiber (HCPBF). To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first time an NCHCF was used in an optical-fiber sensor setup for multiphoton fluorescence experiments.
The Revival and Restructuring of a Traditional Folk Festival: Cultural Landscape and Memory in Guangzhou, South China
Authors: Chen Huiling , Tao Wei
Published: October 2017

Landscape is an important object for research on local culture from a cultural geographical perspective. It is the spatial nature of memory that has seen the integrative study of memory and landscape receive increased attention from human geographers. The Qiqiao Festival is a traditional folk festival in the Lingnan region of Southern China. After half a century of suppression, the Qiqiao Festival in Zhucun was publically revitalized as the Guangzhou Qiqiao Cultural Festival, which coincided with the changing structure and significance of the landscape. This paper selected Zhucun, a typical urban village, as its case study and constructed an index system of festival landscapes. Through in-depth interviews, this paper studied the revival and restructure process of the Qiqiao Festival, and the role that landscapes play in the formation mechanism of memory on the part of subjects with different identities. The results showed that the elite and the local government selectively restructure festival landscapes, replacing authentic landscapes with “official” ones. The selection and production of a festival landscape constructed different memories among the subjects, where the festival memory of grassroots villagers was self-constructed and mostly came from traditional festival landscape elements while top-down interventions in the festival landscape constructed a different “official” memory for citizens and migrants to those of the villagers. The contemporary festival deviates from the original, which has weakened the conscious degree of cultural evolution and has had a reaction on the authenticity of memory. This research serves a reference for approaches in planning and conserving intangible cultural heritage in historic villages.
Determinants of the Acceptance of Sustainable Production Strategies among Dairy Farmers: Development and Testing of a Modified Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Naspetti Simona , Mandolesi Serena , Buysse Jeroen , Latvala Terhi , Nicholas Philippa , Padel Susanne , Van Loo Ellen , Zanoli Raffaele
Published: October 2017

An extended version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was applied by means of Structural Equation Modelling to testing various hypotheses on attitudes and intentions of dairy farmers towards three novel sustainable production strategies, as well as the influence of organic practices and collaborative behaviours, such as information sharing with supply-chain partners. Data on the acceptance of three sustainable production strategies, namely ‘Agro-forestry’, ‘Alternative protein source’, and ‘Prolonged maternal feeding’ were collected by a survey of dairy farmers in six European Union (EU) countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Italy, United Kingdom). We found that perceived usefulness is the key determinant of acceptance, while the intention to adopt a sustainable production strategy may derive from the influence of opinions (and behaviours) of relevant others (e.g., leading dairy farmers, family members, advisors) showing the role of interactions among farmers and other stakeholders in the adoption of innovations. Finally, the perceived usefulness of all of the investigated strategies is higher for organic farmers, while collaborative patterns reduce the impact of subjective norm on usefulness and overall acceptance. Our findings should encourage policy makers to consider the important role of supply chain management practices, including collaboration, to enhance the sustainability of dairy farming systems.
The Role of Large and Small Scale Hydropower for Energy and Water Security in the Spanish Duero Basin
Authors: Mayor Beatriz , Rodríguez-Muñoz Ignacio , Villarroya Fermín , Montero Esperanza , López-Gunn Elena
Published: October 2017

Hydropower has been increasingly seen as a two-fold solution to the provision of renewable energy and water storage. However, the massive deployment of both large and small scale hydropower projects has been reported to cause important environmental impacts at the basin scale. This study assesses the differential contributions to regional energy and water security of large (LHP) and small (SHP) scale hydropower deployment in the Spanish Duero basin, as well as associated cumulative environmental impacts. This is performed through a selection of indicators measured in absolute and relative terms. The results suggest that LHP deployment contributes more to energy and water security, performing better in 10 of the 12 indicators. It also shows higher absolute environmental impacts on flow regime and habitat loss. Meanwhile, when analyzed in relative terms, SHP shows greater impacts in all categories as a result of cumulative effects cascading along the rivers system. These findings suggest that optimizing the use of existing hydropower infrastructure would be beneficial for energy, water and environmental security. This could be implemented by substantially reducing the number of low capacity plants with almost no impact on final energy generation, while enhancing the pumping and storage potential of higher capacity plants.
An Interactive Personalized Recommendation System Using the Hybrid Algorithm Model
Authors: Guo Yan , Wang Minxi , Li Xin
Published: October 2017

With the rapid development of e-commerce, the contradiction between the disorder of business information and customer demand is increasingly prominent. This study aims to make e-commerce shopping more convenient, and avoid information overload, by an interactive personalized recommendation system using the hybrid algorithm model. The proposed model first uses various recommendation algorithms to get a list of original recommendation results. Combined with the customer’s feedback in an interactive manner, it then establishes the weights of corresponding recommendation algorithms. Finally, the synthetic formula of evidence theory is used to fuse the original results to obtain the final recommendation products. The recommendation performance of the proposed method is compared with that of traditional methods. The results of the experimental study through a Taobao online dress shop clearly show that the proposed method increases the efficiency of data mining in the consumer coverage, the consumer discovery accuracy and the recommendation recall. The hybrid recommendation algorithm complements the advantages of the existing recommendation algorithms in data mining. The interactive assigned-weight method meets consumer demand better and solves the problem of information overload. Meanwhile, our study offers important implications for e-commerce platform providers regarding the design of product recommendation systems.
Response of Zooplankton to Climate Variability: Droughts Create a Perfect Storm for Cladocerans in Shallow Eutrophic Lakes
Authors: Ji Gaohua , Havens Karl , Beaver John , Fulton Rolland
Published: October 2017

A major attribute of the Earth’s climate that may be affected by global warming is the amplitude of variability in teleconnections. These global-scale processes involve links between oceanic conditions in one locale and weather in another, often distant, locale. An example is the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which can affect rainfall and then the properties of lakes in Europe, Africa, North and South America. It affects rainfall, droughts and the depth of lakes in Florida, USA. It is predicted that the amplitude of variation in the ENSO will increase with global warming and, therefore, droughts will become more severe and periods of rain more intense. We investigated possible effects of climate on the zooplankton in shallow subtropical lakes by studying 16 years of monthly data from six shallow eutrophic lakes located north of Orlando, Florida. Results indicate that water depth and lake volume are tightly coupled with rainfall, as expected. During droughts, when lake depth and volume were greatly reduced, there were intensified cyanobacterial blooms, and the zooplankton shifted towards greater relative biomass of copepods compared to cladocerans. The change of zooplankton was likely due to the intensified selective fish predation in the reduced water volume, and/or selective adverse effects of cyanobacteria on cladocerans. The greatly reduced volume might lead to a ‘perfect storm’ of top-down and bottom-up factors that favor copepods over cladocerans. The mechanism needs further study. Regardless, this study documents a direct link between climate variability and zooplankton composition, and suggests how future changes in climate might affect plankton communities.
Electronic structure, transport, and collective effects in molecular layered systems
Authors: Hahn Torsten , Ludwig Tim , Timm Carsten , Kortus Jens
Published: October 2017

The great potential of organic heterostructures for organic device applications is exemplified by the targeted engineering of the electronic properties of phthalocyanine-based systems. The transport properties of two different phthalocyanine systems, a pure copper phthalocyanine (CoPc) and a flourinated copper phthalocyanine–manganese phthalocyanine (F16CoPc/MnPc) heterostructure, are investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) and the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) approach. Furthermore, a master-equation-based approach is used to include electronic correlations beyond the mean-field-type approximation of DFT. We describe the essential theoretical tools to obtain the parameters needed for the master equation from DFT results. Finally, an interacting molecular monolayer is considered within a master-equation approach.
Peptide synthesis: ball-milling, in solution, or on solid support, what is the best strategy?
Authors: Maurin Ophélie , Verdié Pascal , Subra Gilles , Lamaty Frédéric , Martinez Jean , Métro Thomas-Xavier
Published: October 2017

While presenting particularly interesting advantages, peptide synthesis by ball-milling was never compared to the two traditional strategies, namely peptide syntheses in solution and on solid support (solid-phase peptide synthesis, SPPS). In this study, the challenging VVIA tetrapeptide was synthesized by ball-milling, in solution, and on solid support. The three strategies were then compared in terms of yield, purity, reaction time and environmental impact. The results obtained enabled to draw some strengths and weaknesses of each strategy, and to foresee what will have to be implemented to build more efficient and sustainable peptide syntheses in the near future.
Transfusion reaction and hemovigilance: An imperative discussion in Brazilian hemotherapy services
Authors: Santos João Paulo dos , Alzamora Angela , Teles Mariana Dutra , Lucena Veruska , Paula Tatiana Almeida Omura de , Del Padre Talita Cardoso Gazzito , Leite Luiz Arthur Calheiros , De Soares Horacio Rodrigues , Santos Simone Lima , Ramos Fernando Wagner Da Silva
Published: October 2017

Transfusion of blood components is considered safer, but it took years to reach this level. One of the most effective ways to make blood transfusion a safer practice is hemovigilance, which provides important data, including the history of feared transfusion reactions. In recent years in Brazil, there has been an improvement in the reporting of transfusion reactions, however due to the great diversity of hematology services, there are still transfusion reactions. The aims of this study were described the main types of transfusion reactions, as well as to evaluate the underreporting importance of transfusion occurrences of hemotherapy services in Brazil.
Final Results of Establishment of the Geodetic Vertical Second Order Network of Lithuania
Authors: Birvydienė Rosita , Butkus Algirdas , Būga Arūnas , Dedela Ramūnas , Kolosovskis Ričardas , Krikštaponis Boleslovas , Musteikis Arvydas , Neseckas Algirdas , Obuchovski Romuald , Paršeliūnas Eimuntas , Petniūnas Marius , Petroškevičius Petras , Puškorius Vytautas , Putrimas Raimundas , Skuodis Gediminas , Stepanovienė Jadvyga , Šlikas Dominykas , Šorys Tautvydas , Tumelienė Eglė , Valotka Simonas , Viskontas Povilas , Zigmantienė Evelina
Published: October 2017

The methodology of all kinds of geodetic measurements of the Geodetic Vertical Second Order Network, the information on the observation data received and main results of the accuracy estimation and adjustment of the network are presented. In 2006 the development of the Geodetic Vertical First Order Network of Lithuania was completed. It was the basis to adopt the Height System of Lithuania (LAS07). The densification of the Geodetic Vertical First Order Network started in 2010 by development of the Geodetic Vertical Second Order Network. The Second Order Network consists of 74 levelling lines, and total length of them is 3087 km. In the period of 2010–2013 the 16 levelling lines (814 km) were observed. Rest of levelling lines were observed in 2013–2016. Total number of benchmarks is 2099. The levelling was executed by digital levels Trimble DiNi12 and coded rods Nedo LD13. All ground benchmarks were positioned by GPS receivers Trimble 5700 and Trimble Zephyr Geodetic antennas. LitPOS stations served as fiducial points. The gravity accelerations at all benchmarks were observed by gravimeters Scintrex CG-5. The levellings of the Second Order Network carried out is characterized by high precision: the double run of one kilometre levelling RMS error does not exceeds 0.7 mm. The adjustments of the second order levelling lines applying least square method were executed separately in each region outlined by the First Order network lines and border of a country.
Resilience in the National Security Discourse
Authors: Svitková Katarína
Published: October 2017

The concept of "resilience" has turned into a powerful principle and a discursive tool in the fields of national and international security. To illustrate the growth of "resilience" in strategic discourse of some of the most powerful actors of the North Atlantic area, the article is divided in two parts. The first part analyzes the national security discourse of two major powers in the region, namely Great Britain and the United States. Using the timeframe of 2010-2015, the prominence of resilience is traced in a set of strategic documents. The second part elevates the level of analysis to the two most relevant international organizations - NATO and the EU. The objective of this part is to discuss the remarkable surge of resilience discourse, which gained a firm ground throughout 2016. The paper, therefore, explores the appeal of resilience for states as well as for international organizations, without drawing a causal relation between the two. It also highlights how resilience has played a powerful role as a value and a principle, as well as a desired end state, against a backdrop of complex and hybrid threats to both national and international security.
Amn al-Kharji: An Analysis of External Operations Wing of the Islamic State
Authors: Rafay Jakub
Published: October 2017

This article provides an analysis of the external operations wing of IS -the so-called Amn al-Kharji - focusing on its activities in the West. Apart from describing the organisation's leadership, internal hierarchy, strategy and means of communication and attack coordination, the author asserts there is a link between recent deadly cells-based attacks and generally unsuccessful lone actor attacks; this connection between the two is not accidental but a result of a grand strategy, designed to hide the planning of larger plots by overloading security services with numerous smaller attacks.
Activities of the al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and so-called Islamic State in the Conflict in Yemen (2015-2017)
Authors: Bátrla Michael
Published: October 2017

This article compares the activities of two Salafi-jihadist organizations, Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and the so-called Islamic State, in the context of the civil war in Yemen. The studied period is from in January 2015 till the end of March 2017. The author compares activities of both groups in four parameters - violent actions, control of territory and provision of services, acquisition of resources, and media activities. The author also briefly outlines other important influences on the mutual competition and its possible implications on the conflict in Yemen and global Salafi-jihadist competition.
Securitization of the Mexican Membership in the UNASUR
Authors: Tůmová Jana , Jurásek Miroslav
Published: October 2017

The article tries to determine whether and to what degree the qualitative change of the Latin American regional-security complex occurred due to the occurrence of UNASUR and the CDS. The article especially tries to determine the impact of the possible Mexican membership in UNASUR and its influence on the coherence of the LA regional-security complex. The article applies the method of discourse analysis and analyses the key Brazilian political figures' speeches in order to determine why the Mexican membership in UNASUR poses a securitization issue for Brazil. While presuming that the coherence of the regional-security complex increases when certain issue is interpreted as a securitization issue by all the members of the regional-security complex, the article also focuses on the other UNASUR's members' attitudes toward the Mexican membership in this organization.
How Butter Beats the Guns
Authors: Yanovskiy Moshe , Zatcovetsky Ilia
Published: October 2017

The decreasing share of defence in total government expenditures reflects the fundamental choices about state functions. The main hypothesis of the research is: decreasing priority of military spending could cause lower quality of defence. The case study shows, how "punishment for military success" strategy undermines incentives for army officers. Historical data (military spending and rise of new military justice) support the main hypothesis.
Franchir les frontières : lecture biopolitique de deux fictions de Georges Bataille
Authors: Lozier Claire
Published: October 2017

Cet article étudie le franchissement des frontières physiques, comprises dans leur double dimension corporelle et géographique, dans Histoire de l’œil (1928) et Le Bleu du ciel (1935). Il propose de lire ces textes comme des récits de voyage érotiques désavouant le discours biopolitique portant sur les corps et les territoires dans l’Europe de l’entre-deux-guerres. Ce faisant, il invalide la critique formulée par Giorgio Agamben à l’encontre de la pensée de Bataille sur le biopolitique et la souveraineté en montrant que le différend entre les deux auteurs s’appuie sur une conception du sujet opposée.
Merdeux mètre maternel chez Raymond Queneau
Authors: Bories Anne-Sophie
Published: October 2017

Sur un ton qui mêle l’angoisse et la facétie, Raymond Queneau met en scène dans son œuvre poétique une sinistre trinité Mère-Soleil-Excrément, et ce thème funeste s’accompagne de l’emploi massif et inhabituel d’octosyllabes. L’association d’une base de données sur les vers du poète et de micro-lectures permet d’éclairer les liens d’un mètre et d’un motif thématique, pour dévoiler un Queneau intime chez qui ironie et sincérité sont indissociables, et dont l’accession à la puissance créatrice est en lien étroit avec ce rire désarmant et désespéré.
L’idiotie ou la subversion par les marges dans Molloy
Authors: Clément Sarah
Published: October 2017

La figure de l'idiot beckettien remplit une triple fonction : critique, philosophique, et poétique. Cet article montre que l’indétermination de Molloy porte en germe une puissance de subversion qui remet en cause les lois de la communauté. En inversant la hiérarchie des valeurs, l'idiot se pose comme une conscience interrogeante qui remet en cause tous les emblèmes du savoir docte, institué, académique. Il oppose également une résistance au langage dont il renouvelle les règles en faisant entendre une voix autre, la voix sensible d’une humanité dérisoire, des oubliés, des sans-voix, une voix universelle et épuisée.
Mme de Tencin, sociabilité d’une romancière
Authors: Marrero Maria del Carmen
Published: October 2017

M me de Tencin est avant la lettre une femme d’avant-garde intellectuelle et son salon a été l’un des premiers centres de sociabilité littéraire. Or si elle écrit pour acquérir un statut d’écrivain, elle a recours à l’anonymat pour conserver son statut de femme de condition. Dans son roman Mémoires du comte de Comminge, elle passe par le masque d’une écriture masculine pour y manifester ce qu’elle réclame pour elle-même: le droit de l’individu à décider de sa destinée.
Entre nostalgie et mélancolie : variations géographiques dans quelques romans contemporains. Maryline Desbiolles, Claude Simon, Jean-Paul Goux
Authors: Clément-Perrier Annie
Published: October 2017

C’est dans leurs rapports respectifs à l’espace et au temps que sont analysées ici les notions de mélancolie et de nostalgie dans les œuvres de Claude Simon, Maryline Desbiolles et Jean-Paul Goux. Cette étude a voulu montrer que l’expérience douloureuse du temps, caractéristique de la mélancolie, peut être dépassée par le recours à une nostalgie qui est réparatrice, en ce qu’elle permet d’établir avec l’espace les liens vivants du désir.
La lecture comme événement
Authors: Minzetanu Andrei
Published: October 2017

La notion d'« événement » occupe dans l'épistémologie des sciences humaines contemporaines une place considérable. En mobilisant des définitions empruntées à l'histoire, à l'anthropologie et à la philosophie, cet article essaie de reprendre et de consolider une distinction proposée par Barthes dans ses derniers cours au Collège de France entre l' « incident » et le « moment de vérité ». Étant donné que les conséquences existentielles, éthiques et épistémologiques de ces deux notions sont très différentes, il convient de ne pas enfermer le « moment de vérité », comme le souhaitait Barthes, dans une « critique pathétique », c'est-à-dire dans une critique qui s'intéresse principalement aux moments intenses d'une lecture.
Un modèle calibré de l’effet du CICE sur l’emploi
Authors: Breda Thomas , Haywood Luke , Wang Haomin
Published: October 2017

Dans cet article, nous tentons de comparer les effets potentiels sur l’emploi et la structure des salaires du crédit d’impôt pour la compétitivité et l’emploi (CICE) et sur les d’allégements de cotisation ciblés supplémentaires, similaires dans leur format à ceux en vigueur aujourd’hui. À cette fin, nous construisons un modèle de recherche et d’appariement sur le marché du travail, avec salariés et entreprises hétérogènes, complémentarités productives, et négociations salariales. Les individus peuvent être inactifs, en recherche d’emploi ou salariés. Ils peuvent rechercher un emploi et recevoir des offres lorsqu’ils travaillent déjà. Notre contribution théorique, s’inscrivant dans un agenda de recherche plus large, est d’inclure à la fois un salaire minimum et de la fiscalité sur les salaires dans un modèle de ce type. Le modèle est calibré de différentes manières possibles à l’état stationnaire à partir de statistiques sur l’emploi fournies par l’Insee et de statistiques sur les salaires calculées à partir des déclarations annuelles de données sociales (DADS). Il est ensuite utilisé pour réaliser des simulations contrefactuelles. Ces simulations indiquent que, à coût équivalent, l’effet du CICE sur l’emploi est systématiquement plus limité que l’effet d’allégements de cotisation ciblés. Nous concluons qu’un modèle prenant uniquement en compte le marché du travail mais « aussi riche que possible » ne permet pas d’estimer des effets conséquents du CICE sur l’emploi.
La place des emplois atypiques dans les trajectoires d’entrée dans la vie active
Authors: Couprie Hélène , Joutard Xavier
Published: October 2017

Des « formes atypiques d’emploi », déviant de la norme de l’emploi salarié en contrat à durée indéterminée et à temps complet, se développent sur le marché du travail français depuis plusieurs décennies. Ces formes atypiques d’emploi concernent en premier lieu la jeunesse et peuvent constituer un préalable à une insertion durable ou laisser des cicatrices sur leurs chances d’emploi à moyen terme. Nous comparons les trajectoires d’entrée sur le marché du travail de cohortes de primo -sortants du système éducatif de 1998, 2004 et 2010 à l’aide d’un modèle dynamique markovien de transitions hétérogènes sur le marché du travail. Nos analyses montrent que la norme d’emploi est de plus en plus difficile à atteindre. Les évolutions récentes des dynamiques de transitions sur le marché du travail, en lien avec la crise de 2008, apparaissent fortement hétérogènes. Elles ont contribué à compenser la dégradation tendancielle des effets tremplin de l’emploi à temps complet en CDD vers le CDI à temps complet.
Enjeux et perspectives de l’analyse économique des conseils de prud’hommes
Authors: Desrieux Claudine , Espinosa Romain
Published: October 2017

Cet article propose une synthèse sur le fonctionnement des conseils de prud’hommes, appuyée sur des données quantitatives issues du ministère de la Justice. Dans un premier temps, les difficultés actuelles de ces juridictions sont soulignées (niveau d’activité élevé, durée moyenne de traitement importante, taux élevé d’appels). Par la suite, les pistes de réformes de ces juridictions sont analysées (la procédure prud’homale, l’encouragement des solutions négociées entre les parties, et la désignation des conseillers prud’homaux). L’article se termine en soulignant les enjeux de la recherche empirique actuelle sur les conseils de prud’hommes.
The effect of the A-frame on forelimb kinematics in experienced and inexperienced agility dogs
Authors: Williams J.M. , Jackson R. , Phillips C. , Wills A.P.
Published: October 2017

Limited research has evaluated the kinematics of agility dogs over different equipment despite the growing popularity of recreational and competitive agility. A-frames are associated with a higher risk of injury; these risks could be related to how dogs approach the equipment. We hypothesised that forelimb (FL) and spinal kinematics would differ throughout the different phases of negotiating the A-frame: incline, apex, decline, and between experienced and inexperienced agility dogs. Eight agility dogs of mixed breed and age, all trained on the A-frame participated in the study. Participants were divided into two groups: inexperienced dogs (ID: <4 years training; n=4) and experienced dogs (ED: >4years training; n=4), and undertook 3 runs over the A-frame. Reflective markers were placed on each dog’s carpus (Ca), radiohumeral (RH) and scapulohumerus (SH) joints, Atlas, C3 and L3. Video footage was transferred to Dartfish™ to enable FL joint angles to be calculated for the approach (last stride), incline (FL contact), apex (FL over), decline (FL touchdown and FL departure). The range of movement (ROM) for spinal markers was also calculated. Wilcoxon signed rank analyses, with Bonferroni correction applied (P<0.02), indicated if kinematics differed for ED and ID between the phases. Similar kinematic patterns were observed through all phases for C3 and L3, however a greater ROM was found for ED: C3 and ID: L3. For Atlas, ED stayed in flexion for all phases whilst ID movement varied: approach-incline extension, incline-apex: flexion, apex to decline extension followed by flexion. No significant differences in FL joint angles existed (P>0.02). No significant differences in kinematic measures were seen between ED and ID dogs in any phase of the A-frame. ED demonstrate consistent movement patterns; ID vary their head and neck position more, and exaggerate their apex jump. Rounding the A-frame apex could encourage a less-extreme technique in ID.
La fabrique pragmatique des politiques publiques
Authors: Zittoun Philippe
Published: October 2017

Cet article expose les principaux principes, concepts et hypothèses d’une approche pragmatique des politiques publiques. Inspirée par la philosophie pragmatique américaine de Peirce, James et Dewey du début du 20e siècle, par le linguistic turn de la philosophie des années 1970 et par la sociologie pragmatique française de Boltanski et Latour, cette nouvelle perspective privilégie la description concrète des activités que conduisent les acteurs pour maintenir ou transformer les politiques publiques. Elle privilégie un regard micro décrivant précieusement les phénomènes empiriques dans leur complexité à un regard macro rendu possible par des théories causales dont la force explicative a tendance à trop fortement simplifier la réalité. Prenant au sérieux les capacités cognitives et discursives des individus, elle propose de suivre la carrière des propositions d’action publique en s’intéressant aux stratégies définitionnelles, argumentatives et conflictuelles que ces derniers conduisent dans les jeux de langage, d’enrôlement et de pouvoir dans lesquels ils sont engagés. S’appuyant sur une méthode d’enquête qualitative, cette approche compréhensive accorde une importance majeure au sens qu’élaborent les acteurs pour définir les contraintes et les opportunités dans leurs interactions au cours du processus décisionnel.
Fotografía e identidad. La revista “Mundo uruguayo” en la conformación de un nuevo imaginario nacional en el Uruguay del Centenario
Authors: Broquetas Magdalena
Published: October 2017

En 1925 y 1930 Uruguay conmemoró su primer centenario como país independiente. Ambas fechas coincidieron con la consolidación de un nuevo imaginario nacional que exaltó la excepcionalidad del Uruguay en relación a sus vecinos latinoamericanos.Esto ocurrió en simultáneo a la introducción de mejoras sustanciales en lo que refiere a la inclusión de fotografías en diarios y revistas. En este artículo se examinan los contenidos gráficos de Mundo Uruguayo -revista destinada a un público masivo, compuesto fundamentalmente por capas medias- procurando identificar el rol desempeñado por las imágenes en este proceso de afianzamiento de un nuevo imaginario hegemónico.
Imágenes de la postdictadura en Argentina
Authors: Gamarnik Cora
Published: October 2017

El inicio de la democracia en 1983 significó una bisagra en la historia argentina reciente. Desde el desarrollo de las elecciones en octubre de ese año, y durante 1984 y 1985, se sucedieron acontecimientos de gran relevancia para el país. Mientras la corporación militar buscó condicionar a la naciente democracia, algunos fotógrafos y algunas fotografías tuvieron un protagonismo particular para señalar el peligro que aún representaba el pasado autoritario. Este trabajo recorre la historia de dos de estas imágenes que actuaron como “acontecimientos visuales” y “constatación” de los hechos frente al ocultamiento y al “show del horror” que se instalaron desde algunas superficies mediáticas.
Impacts of the agricultural transformation of the Canadian Prairies on grassland arthropods
Authors: Vankosky M.A. , Cárcamo H.A. , Catton H.A. , Costamagna A.C. , De Clerck-Floate R.
Published: October 2017

The prairie grasslands have been transformed to become the primary source of agricultural production in Canada. Soon after its establishment, the Biological Survey of Canada recognised the urgent need to document the arthropods of the prairie grasslands, especially in the few pristine remnants. Although this initiative has yielded considerable progress in documenting the species present in the Prairies Ecozone, comprehensive ecological studies are sparse. Landscape effects on arthropods are well studied elsewhere, but no equivalent studies have been published for the Canadian Prairies. Crop rotation varies landscape composition annually, changes host plant resources in fields, and interacts with other agricultural inputs to disturb pest and beneficial arthropods. Despite only a handful of studies on grazing, there is an emerging pattern: moderate grazing increases arthropod diversity and benefits certain arthropod guilds. Abiotic inputs elicit variable responses from different arthropod taxa; Carabidae (Coleoptera) are best studied, with some information available for ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and aquatic arthropods. Biotic inputs include arthropods released for biocontrol of weed and insect pests; evidence indicates that biocontrol agents of insects have a greater potential for impact on native communities of arthropods. The studies reviewed here reveal important trends and research gaps to be addressed in the future.
Contribution of DNA barcoding to the study of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Canada: progress to date
Authors: Sheffield Cory S. , Heron Jennifer , Gibbs Jason , Onuferko Thomas M. , Oram Ryan , Best Lincoln , deSilva Nicholai , Dumesh Sheila , Pindar Alana , Rowe Genevieve
Published: October 2017

Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Apiformes) are taxonomically and ecologically diverse, with a wide range of social complexity, nesting preferences, floral associations, and biogeographic restrictions. A Canadian bee checklist, greatly assisted by the gene-assisted approach of DNA barcoding, is nearing completion. Previous evaluation of bee diversity in Canada, assisted by DNA barcoding, was restricted to Nova Scotia, which contains about 25% of the bee species in the country. Here, we summarise efforts to date to build a comprehensive DNA barcode library supporting bee taxonomic studies in Canada, consisting of more than 12 500 barcode-compliant sequences yielding 811 distinct barcode index numbers (BINs). This appears to represent ~95% of the 856 bee species presently recorded from Canada, but comparison with known morphological species in each genus shows that some genera are still under-sampled or may contain cryptic taxa, with much taxonomic work still to be done on bees in Canada. This is particularly true within the taxonomically difficult generaAndrenaFabricius (Andrenidae), HylaeusFabricius (Colletidae),MelissodesLatreille (Apidae),NomadaScopoli (Apidae),OsmiaPanzer (Megachilidae), andSphecodesLatreille (Halictidae). DNA analysis will likely be a key asset in resolving bee taxonomic issues in Canada in the future, and to date has even assisted studies of well-known bee taxa. Here we present summaries of our results, and discuss the use of DNA barcoding to assist future taxonomic work, faunal lists, and ecological studies.
Free-Aspire: A New Device for the Management of Airways Clearance in Patient With Ineffective Cough
Authors: Bertelli Luca , Di Nardo Giovanni , Cazzato Salvatore , Ricci Giampaolo , Pession Andrea
Published: October 2017

A 3-year-old girl with Spinal Muscular Atrophy type I presented with a right pneumonia. On physical examination pulmonary auscultation revealed an asymmetry of breath sounds between the 2 hemithoraces, owing to decreased breath sounds in the right hemithorax. Blood tests were normal. The initial working diagnosis was a suspected area of mucus accumulation. A treatment with Free Aspire was started. Within a few days, the girl was discharged with a normal physical examination and X-ray study result. Spinal Muscular Atrophy is a rare neuromuscular disorder characterized by loss of motor neurons and progressive muscle wasting. Cough in these patients result ineffective. Free-Aspire is an electromedical machine for removing bronchoalveolar secretions. The case show that Free Aspire in patients with ineffective cough and impaired removal of secretions is a safe and effective device for the removal of bronchial secretions and could be an another help in the management of airway clearance.
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for the Physically Active
Authors: McDermott Brendon P. , Anderson Scott A. , Armstrong Lawrence E. , Casa Douglas J. , Cheuvront Samuel N. , Cooper Larry , Kenney W. Larry , O'Connor Francis G. , Roberts William O
Published: October 2017

Objective: 

To present evidence-based recommendations that promote optimized fluid-maintenance practices for physically active individuals.

Background: 

Both a lack of adequate fluid replacement (hypohydration) and excessive intake (hyperhydration) can compromise athletic performance and increase health risks. Athletes need access to water to prevent hypohydration during physical activity but must be aware of the risks of overdrinking and hyponatremia. Drinking behavior can be modified by education, accessibility, experience, and palatability. This statement updates practical recommendations regarding fluid-replacement strategies for physically active individuals.

Recommendations: 

Educate physically active people regarding the benefits of fluid replacement to promote performance and safety and the potential risks of both hypohydration and hyperhydration on health and physical performance. Quantify sweat rates for physically active individuals during exercise in various environments. Work with individuals to develop fluid-replacement practices that promote sufficient but not excessive hydration before, during, and after physical activity.
Korrupsie en die toerusting van Christen-leiers
Authors: Nell Ian A.
Published: October 2017

No abstract available.
Ecodomy: Taking risks and overstepping boundaries in the Book of Ruth
Authors: De Villiers Gerda
Published: October 2017

This chapter examined the concept of ‘Ecodomy’ – life in its fullness – as it unfolds in the Book of Ruth. The book is dated to the post-exilic period in the history of Israel, and is read as narrative critique against the Moabite paragraph in Deuteronomy 23:3–5, and against the way that this text is interpreted and implemented in the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah. Naomi, Ruth and Boaz, the protagonists in the narrative, become paradigmatic of the situation in post-exilic Israel. Their stories, dealing with loss and the actions they take in order to heal the brokenness become indicative for the post-exilic community. As the narrative plot develops, the chapter aims to indicate how ‘life in its emptiness’ is changed into ‘life in its fullness’ by the courage and creative initiative of individuals, even if it meant overstepping boundaries and challenging the social conventions of the time. Against the exclusivist policy of Ezra and Nehemiah, the Book of Ruth argues that foreigners may be included in the community of YHWH and that their solidarity with Israel is to the benefit of all the people. The point that the chapter wishes to make, is that life in its fullness cannot be taken for granted, but requires effort.
Life in its unfullness: Revisiting ἀναίδειαν (Lk 11:8) in the light of papyrological evidence
Authors: Van Eck Ernest , Van Niekerk Robert J.
Published: October 2017

The aim of this chapter is twofold. Firstly, the chapter presents a comprehensive study of the meaning of the term ἀναίδειαν in extant papyrological evidence. The conclusion reached is that the term, as is the case in early Jewish and patristic writings, the LXX, Graeco-Roman literature and in early Christian writings, always carries a negative and pejorative meaning. This meaning of the term is then used to interpret the occurrence of ἀναίδειαν in the parable of the Friend at Midnight. Secondly, as part of a publication that celebrates the centenary of the Faculty of Theology at the University of Pretoria, a few remarks are made with regard to the Faculty of Theology’s Faculty Research Theme (Oikodome – Life in its fullness) and the attitude of ἀναίδειαν as depicted in the parable.