bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE SCALE OF WORKING-AGE MORTALITY IN THE AMUR REGION
Authors:   Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Blagoveshchensk, Russia, Polyanskaya Elena
Published: August 2024

Significance. Analysis of the dynamics in working-age mortality will allow us to take into account the gender and age specificity of mortality from leading causes in order to develop optimal policies to reduce it. The purpose of the study: to assess dynamics in working-age mortality in the Amur region and identify reserves for its reduction. Material and methods. We have analyzed mortality rates among working-age population in 2000-2022, based on official data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, as well as data from the form “C51” “Distribution of deaths by gender, age group and cause of death” and the form 4ph “Average annual population by gender and age”. In order to ensure comparability of male and female indicators, as well as in dynamics with due regard to changes in the retirement age, the age limits are conditionally adopted as standard15-59 years. Results. From 2017 to 2022, the working-age mortality increased by 15.6%, its level exceeded the average annual values in the Far Eastern Federal District by an average of about 10% over the analyzed period. The contribution of the male working-age mortality exceeds the female contribution to the overall mortality among working-age population. The nosological spectrum of mortality among working-age population is steadily formed due to mortality from external causes, neoplasms and diseases of the circulatory system, together accounting for more than 60% of all causes of death, both among males and females. In the structure of external causes of mortality until 2020, mortality due to poisoning dominates; from 2020-2022, it was injury with undetermined intent among both men and women. Conclusion. Reducing working age mortality requires a differentiated approach, taking into account different mortality trends and causes of death among male and female population, as well as regional specifics of working age mortality. One of the promising directions for reducing mortality is adoption of effective targeted measures to increase the level of self-protective behavior in working age males.
WITHDRAWN: Investigation of the anti-cancer drugs imatinib and thalidomide was conducted using analytical spectroscopy and molecular docking techniques
Authors: Ramana P. Venkata , Krishna Y. Rama , Mouli K. Chandra
Published: August 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Expanding the concept of housekeeping genes: Examining the influence of retroelements on gene expression stability during cellular differentiation
Authors: Hong Seung-Jin , Park Hyeon-chun , Choi Haeyoun , Kim Sukil , Choi Jinyong , Oh Jung-Hwan , Rhyu Mun-Gan
Published: August 2024

Housekeeping genes (HKGs), essential for cellular differentiation, are traditionally thought to be uniformly expressed. However, recent analyses show variable expression across tissues, challenging this view. Identifying HKGs based on stable expression necessitates precise, repeated experiments. The limited number of transcription factors during differentiation suggests HKGs stabilise phenotypes via compensatory gene regulation. We examined retroelements, comprising approximately 40% of the human genome, for their influence on gene expression stability near transcriptional start sites (TSSs). By mapping CpG islands and retroelements within 10 kb of TSSs, we analysed 56 RNA sequencing datasets. CpG-island genes near Alu elements exhibited low expression variability, especially when the Alu elements were closer to the TSSs. Conversely, non-CpG island genes near L1 and LTR elements showed high variability, indicating distinct regulatory roles. Despite the constant number of Alu-adjacent CpG-island genes across tissues, their expression was most highly expressed in embryonic stem cells and declined in most differentiated tissues, except for an increase in the ovary and testis. Alu elements near CpG islands help stabilise phenotypes through compensatory downregulation of HKGs. These results expand the HKG concept to include genes maintaining stable phenotypes during differentiation, aiding in differentiation stage identification.
Risk evaluation of rockfall disaster in the cave entrance of western mountain railway tunnels based on the improved G1-EWM-UMT model
Authors: Dandan DANG , Li Gong , Jin Chunling , Qing Jun , Yang Tengteng , Jia Zhiyuan
Published: August 2024

To avoid the impact of rockfall on railroad safety, it is crucial to accurately predict the risk level of rockfall disaster in advance for the safe construction, operation, and maintenance of railroads. We take the western mountainous railroad tunnel opening as the research background and construct a western mountainous railroad tunnel opening rockfall disaster risk evaluation index system, including 15 core indexes and 6 alternative indexes. The unascertained measure theory (UMT) is chosen to evaluate the risk of rockfall disaster in tunnel openings. The improved G1 method and entropy weight method (EWM) are introduced to calculate the identify the risk of rockfall disaster based on the confidence level criterion. Furthermore, the criterion is used to recognize the risk level of a rockfall disaster. Ten typical tunnel openings of a railroad in the west are selected to validate engineering examples, and the evaluation results of the improved G1- EWM- UMT model are compared with those of the TOPSIS model (the technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS)) and the actual rockfall situation in the project. The comparison results show that the accuracy of the improved G1- EWM- UMT model in evaluating the risk of rockfall is 90%, which is 30% higher than that of the TOPSIS model. This study has certain application value and engineering subjective and objective weights, and the UMT model and Lagrange optimal multiplier combination method are combined to significance, which provides a theoretical basis and technical reference to design the rockfall protection structure of western mountainous tunnels such as the Sichuan–Tibet railway under similar engineering geological conditions and proves the operability and applicability of the evaluation model.
Construction of an Urban Collaborative Emergency Response Network Based on a Disaster Chain: An Example of Typhoon Disaster in Fujian Province
Authors: Fu Boyi , Liang Xinyue , Wen Xin , Zhang Shuangbao , Cheng Quan
Published: August 2024

Disaster systems are both complex and chaotic; it is therefore important to conduct research on the interactions among functional organizations in an emergency collaborative governance network to improve a city's emergency management capability. This paper analyses the patterns of relationships among disaster response organizations in Fujian Province, China, based on historical case data of 14 typhoons from 1990 to 2023. Three indicators, namely, the centrality of organizational nodes, clustering coefficients, and core edges, were used to examine the characteristics of organizations. This paper then presents a disaster chain network and a model for a collaborative emergency response network in cities. The aim is to expand the analytical perspective on typhoon disasters by examining the relationship between the disaster chain and the organizational nodes. Results show that in response to typhoon disasters in Fujian Province, the government plays a central role while the Emergency Management Agency leads efforts to integrate resources from various departments. Therefore, this paper proposes three major synergistic mechanisms for early warning release, rescue and relief, and postdisaster reconstruction in response to typhoon disasters.
Causal Insights into Plasma Lipidome and Allergic Rhinitis: Implications from a Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Yang Haoxiang , Luo Yaxin , Liu Qiang
Published: August 2024

Plasma lipidomes regulate inflammatory responses and influence immune cell function, but the causal relationship between lipids and allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate this relationship using Mendelian randomization (MR). Summary statistics were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving 179 plasma lipid subtypes and AR outcomes. Sensitivity analyses ensured robustness, heterogeneity, and absence of horizontal pleiotropy. Bayesian Weighted Mendelian Randomization (BWMR) was employed to enhance reliability. A meta-analysis further validated the findings. After FDR correction, several lipid phenotypes were identified as significant risk factors for AR, particularly phosphatidylcholine (18:0_20:4) levels, which remained significant using FinnGen data. Consistent results from MR Egger, weighted median, and BWMR methods underscored the robustness of our findings. This study suggests potential causal associations between specific plasma lipids and AR, offering new perspectives for exploring the biological mechanisms underlying AR and guiding the development of early intervention and treatment strategies.
The Unique Features of Typhoon Rai (2021): An observational study
Authors: Petilla Clint Eldrick R. , Olaguera Lyndon Mark Payanay , Cruz Faye Abigail T. , Villarin Jose Ramon T. , Fudeyasu Hironori , Yoshida Ryuji , Matsumoto Jun
Published: August 2024

Tropical Cyclone (TC) RAI (2021) made a devastating landfall in the Siargao-Dinagat Islands of the southeastern Philippines on December 16, 2021, causing about USD 1.05B in damage, 405 reported dead and 52 missing. This TC reached a maximum sustained wind speed (MSW) of 105 kts (194.5 kph) and 915 hPa mean sea level pressure (MSLP) according to the WMO-IBTrACS. When compared with Philippine landfalling TCs from 1979 to 2020, this TC, among super typhoons (STYs), ranked second in terms of MSW and translational speed. Moreover, the TC had an unusual westward movement, faster translational speed, larger radius, and greater intensity when compared to seven other TCs that made landfall in the same month and region. The environmental factors along the path of TC RAI that may have contributed to its intensification include, but are not limited to, the above normal SST (+ 0.5 to 1.5°C) and ocean heat content, high low-level relative humidity (RH), and high specific humidity. These factors resulted in strong convergence and intensification until landfall. Composite analysis of and comparison with the seven TCs reveal that the atmospheric conditions during TC RAI had a consistently higher near-surface RH850hPa − 500hPa, which helped sustain its movement across the central Philippines. Moisture from the Philippine Sea was also drawn into central Philippines, which received at least 125–150 mm of rainfall. The extension of the western North Pacific Subtropical High along 20°N and strong easterly flow may have facilitated the TC’s unusual straight and westward movement.
Exploration of Working Memory Retrieval Stage for Mild Cognitive Impairment: Time-Varying Causality Analysis of Electroencephalogram Based on Dynamic Brain Networks
Authors: Jiang Yi , Guo Zhiwei , Jiang Ning , He Jiayuan
Published: August 2024

Background
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage between the expected cognitive decline of normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its management is crucial for it helps intervene and slow the progression of cognitive decline to AD. However, the understanding of the MCI mechanism is not completely clear. As working memory (WM) damage is a common symptom of MCI, this study focused on the core stage of WM, i.e., memory retrieval stage, to investigate information processing and the causality relationships among brain regions based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals.
Method
21 MCI and 20 normal cognitive control (NC) participants were recruited. The delayed matching sample paradigm with two different loads was employed to evaluate their WM functions. A time-varying network based on the Adaptive transfer function (ADTF) was constructed on the EEG of the memory retrieval trials.to perform the dynamic brain network analysis.
Results
Our results showed that: (a) Behavioral data analysis: there were significant differences in accuracy and accuracy / reaction time between MCI and NC in tasks with memory load capacity of low load-four and high load-six, especially in tasks with memory load capacity of four. (b) Dynamic brain network analysis: there were significant differences in the dynamic changes of brain network patterns between the two groups during the memory retrieval stage of WM task. Specifically, in low load WM tasks, the dynamic brain network changes of NC were more regular to accommodate for efficient information processing, with important core nodes showing a transition from bottom to up, while MCI did not display a regular dynamic brain network pattern. Further, the brain functional areas associated with low load WM disorders were mainly located in the left prefrontal lobe (FC1) and right occipital lobe (PO8). Compared with low load WM task, during the high load WM task, the dynamic brain network changes of NC during the memory retrieval stage were regular, and the core nodes exhibited a consistent transition phenomenon from up to bottom to up, which were not observed in MCI.
Conclusions
Behavioral data in the low load WM task paradigm and abnormal electrophysiological signals in the left prefrontal (FC1) and right occipital lobes (PO8) could be used for MCI diagnosis. This is the first time based on large-scale dynamic network methods to investigate the dynamic network patterns of MCI memory retrieval stages under different load WM tasks, providing a new perspective on the neural mechanisms of WM deficits in MCI patients and providing some reference for the clinical treatment of MCI-WM memory disorders.
Patient-Specific Effects of Metformin on Hepatic Metabolism in Adolescent NAFLD Patients
Authors: Holzhuetter Hermann-Georg , Hudert Christian , Berndt Nikolaus
Published: August 2024

Objective: Metformin is a commonly prescribed antidiabetic drug that inhibits hepatic glucose production (HGP). The effect of metformin on other key metabolic functions of the liver and the extent of inter-individual variation are largely unknown.
Methods: We used our mathematical model HEPATOKIN1 of liver metabolism, developed and validated in a previously published study, to assess the effect of metformin on liver metabolism in adolescent patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Results: On average, a single dose of metformin reduced diurnal hepatic glucose production (HGP) by 19%. Based on the z(1) score, 15% of patients were classified as low responders or high responders. During elevated metformin plasma levels for about four hours after metformin ingestion, energy metabolism, cystosolic and mitochondrial redox potential, urea synthesis and ketone body synthesis were reduced by 10-30%, but averaged over 24 hours, these metabolic side effects were not significant. The reduction in HGP correlated strongly with the reduction in lactate uptake, making the increase in plasma lactate after drug ingestion a likely indicator of metformin efficacy. Of the 50 clinical parameters tested, only plasma lactate and plasma insulin activity correlated positively with the reduction in HGP.
Conclusion: On a daily average, metformin selectively affects hepatic glucose production, glycogen storage and lactate uptake, while numerous other metabolic functions are significantly altered for several hours after administration of the drug. Our method provides a patient-specific analysis of the potential effects of metformin therapy on central hepatic metabolism and may therefore help guide the physician's therapeutic decision.
Partnering Curiosity with Creative Connections Through the Change Minds Project : An Integrated Commununity Case Study
Authors: Hardy Sally , Drysdale Laura , Tuson Gary
Published: August 2024

Providing sustainable mental health and wellbeing interventions for those living with serious mental illness remains an area of research interest and therapeutic improvement priorities globally. Any search for progressive mental health treatments often seeks to move away from traditional and historical approaches in search of novel innovations. The Change Minds project embraces the past as a significant data source for enabling those living with mental health issues to find creative connections, exploring how to think differently about what can be learned from the past that promotes living well with a mental health diagnosis. Change Minds is delivered in a unique tripartite organisational partnership approach, bringing together the National Archive Record Office, with local mental health service providers, linked to the original charity host, The Restoration Trust. For three years Change Minds has brought together small social groups of people living with mental health issues, supported by their mental health services, and introduced them to the process of searching local archive asylum records. The Change Minds project facilitates participants through researching asylum case records, identifying and following aspects of interest and curiosity about the daily lives of past asylum personnel. The project ends with participants seeking to represent their own research insights through a creative output or artefact of choice. Old and new social connections, creative expression and peer support have been tried and tested across several sites in England, to produce significant well-being outcomes. The project offers tangible evidence of personal growth, confidence and connection, in contrast to participants prior experiences of living with a serious mental illness such as consequences of social isolation and long-term internal turmoil, as a novel case study of integrated community care provision.
Cytotoxic Effect of Doxorubicin Loaded on Nanocarrier Systems on Human Cervical Cancer (HeLa) Cell Line and Determination of Some Genes Expression Profiles
Authors: UTKU Kenan , TAS Ayca , CAKMAK Nese KEKLIKCIOGLU , SILIG Yavuz
Published: August 2024

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the drugs that used in treatment of cervical cancer. DOX has a wide spectrum of anticancer activity, but its clinical application is limited because of its serious side effects, especially cardiotoxicity. In this study, firstly titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized in order to reduce or completely remove such disadvantages and increase the anticancer activity of DOX. Due to the very high toxicity of TiO2, a new drug delivery system called nanocarrier system, was created when it TiO2 modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Finally, the synthesized nano-carrier system was modified with anti-cancer drug DOX. In this study, the synthesized nanoparticles TiO2, DOX, PEG-TiO2, PEG-TiO2-DOX were applied on human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and cytotoxic dose was determined by MTT method. Different concentrations (0.5–50 µg / ml) of TiO2, DOX, PEG-TiO2, PEG-TiO2-DOX drugs were applied on the human cervical cancer cell line HeLa for 24, 48 and 72 hours, and IC50 doses were calculated. Among these drugs, TiO2 and DOX were found to be the most active after 72 hours. PEG-TiO2-DOX nanocarrier based drug was found to be IC50 6.467 ± 0.135 µg / ml. In the next step, obtained from the incubation of each drugs for 48 hours IC50 doses were applied on HeLa cell line and incubated for 48 hours then RNA was izolated from the cells. After that we synthesized cDNA from RNA samples and 24 genes were determined by real time RT-PCR analysis method. As a result, all gene expression increased with the effect of TiO2 drug except GPX1, PRDX1, CTNNB1 and CDNK1A genes. With the effect of PEG-TiO2, the expression levels of GPX1, SOD1, CAT, PRDX1, CSNK1A1, TOP2A, BAX, NQO1, TP53 and CASP2 genes increased, while the expression levels of all other genes had decreased. On the other hand, while the expression level of CTNNB1 and MYC genes had decreased with the effect of DOX, the expression levels of other genes had increased. When the effect of PEG-TiO2-DOX was examined, we found that the expression levels of all genes had increased except ERCC1, ATR, PRKDC, PDGFB and MYC genes expression had decreased.
Cytological Analysis of Flower Development, Insights into Suitable Growth Area and Genomic Background: Implications for Glehnia Littoralis Conservation and Sustainable Utilization
Authors: An Chang , Ye Kangzhuo , Jiang Runfa , Chen Jiayi , Yao Yixin , Lu Lin , Cheng Yan , Liu Ruoyu , Liu Xiaofen , Zhao Heming , Qin Yuan , Zheng Ping
Published: August 2024

Backgroud
Glehnia littoralis, an endangered plant species with significant medicinal, edible, and ecological value, has become a focal point of concern for conservation and sustainable utilization. Strengthening research on the reproductive development of G. littoralis is crucial for understanding its mechanisms of endangerment.
Results
Our observations have revealed significant floral sterility in wild populations of G. littoralis. The inflorescences of G. littoralis can be classified into three types: completely fertile, completely sterile, and partially fertile compound umbels. Moreover, the flowers of G. littoralis can be categorized into fertile and sterile types. The stigma, ovary, and ovules of sterile flowers showed abnormalities. For the first time, we have discovered that the presence or absence of a giant cell at the funiculus during the initiation of ovule primordium determines whether the flower can develop normally, providing cytological evidence for female sterility in G. littoralis. Conversely, both fertile and sterile flowers produced normally developed pollen. The production of fertile pollen by sterile flowers could have represented an adaptive survival strategy of G. littoralis under harsh conditions to increase pollination opportunities and promote reproductive success. Field observations have suggested that robust plants produce more fertile umbels, while weaker ones have fewer or even no fertile umbels, implying a close relationship between flower fertility and plant nutritional status. Identifying suitable growth areas was crucial for providing an optimal environment for G. littoralis. Our analysis has revealed that the eastern coastal regions of China, as well as prospective areas in Neimenggu and Sichuan, represent suitable environments for its cultivation. Additionally, the conservation of genetic resources was crucial for the preservation and sustainable utilization of endangered plants. We also provided a first insight into the genomic background of G. littoralis through flow cytometry and genome survey sequencing.
Conclusion
The observations and findings presented in this study were expected to provide valuable insights for further conserving its genetic resources and sustainable utilization of G. littoralis.
Exfoliated tungsten disulfide-polypyrrole nanocomposites
Authors: Kozma Michael , Bissessur Rabin , Gao Bowen , Dahn Douglas C.
Published: August 2024

Exfoliated tungsten disulfide-polypyrrole nanocomposites were synthesized via an in-situ polymerization method and characterized by techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Seebeck coefficient, and electronic conductivity measurements. The electronic conductivity was found to decrease as the mass % of tungsten disulfide (WS2) in the nanocomposites was increased. The Seebeck coefficients on the synthesized materials were small and positive, suggesting that the bulk polypyrrole and synthesized nanocomposites were p-type conductors. Addition of WS2 to the polypyrrole showed no changes in thermal stability.
Stock status and management for the exploited whiting (Merlangius merlangus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Eastern Black Sea
Authors: ÇİLOĞLU Erhan , ŞAHİN Cemalettin , REİS İsmail
Published: August 2024

This study used data from commercial fisheries along Turkey's southeastern Black Sea coast. A total of 3,394 samples of Merlangius merlangus were collected. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters, asymptotic length (L∞), growth constant (K) and to, were determined to be 40.89 cm, 0.10 cm and − 1.1411 cm, respectively. The first capture length (Lc50) was determined to be 11.82 cm, while total natural and fishing mortality was estimated to be 0.85, 0.29 and 0.56, respectively. In the recruitment pattern, three periods were found: March, August, and November. The estimated fixed biomass based on VPA data was 569.620.7 tonnes. Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) for whiting could be achieved at an exploitation rate of 0.66. For an exploitation rate of E0.1, the marginal increase in relative yield per recruit by 10% was 0.507, and for an exploitation rate of E0.5, it was 0.311. The current level of exploitation (approximately 449.70 tonnes) was determined using the Thompson and Bell method with an F-factor of 0.56. The F-factor of 1.0 corresponds to a maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of 498.180 tonnes. At the current fishing level (F = 0.56), biomass was reduced reduced by 25% (168.026 tonnes) of unfished biomass (666.206 metric tonnes).
Inhalation Exposure to Cross-linked Polyacrylic Acid Induces Pulmonary Disorders
Authors: Higashi Yasuyuki , Nishida Chinatsu , Izumi Hiroto , Sato Kazuma , Kawai Naoki , Tomonaga Taisuke , Morimoto Toshiki , Yamasaki Kei , Wang Ke-Yong , Higashi Hidenori , Moriyama Akihiro , Takeshita Jun-Ichi , Kojima Takuma , Sakurai Kazuo , Yatera Kazuhiro , Morimoto Yasuo
Published: August 2024

Background: Organic polymers are used widely in daily necessities, foods, and medicines, but recent reports show that cross-linked polyacrylic acid (CL-PAA), an organic polymer, induces severe lung disease. Whereas most previous toxicity studies of CL-PAA were intratracheal instillation studies, we conducted inhalation exposure studies to corroborate those findings.Methods: We conducted 5-day (subacute) and 13-week (subchronic) inhalation exposure studies using CL-PAA. In the subacute inhalation study, male F344 rats inhaled 0.2 mg/m3, 2.0 mg/m3, or 20 mg/m3of CL-PAA for 6 hours/day for 5 days. Rats were sacrificed 3 days and 1 month after the exposure. In the subchronic inhalation study, male F344 rats inhaled 0.2 mg/m3or 2.0 mg/ m3of CL-PAA for 6 hours/day for 5 days/week for 13 weeks. Rats were sacrificed from 3 days to 6 months after exposure. We also investigated the mechanism of pulmonary disorders by conducting an additional subacute inhalation exposure (CL-PAA 20 mg/m3) study, in which the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (200 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. The rats in that study were sacrificed on the day after the exposure.Results: Subacute inhalation exposure resulted in concentration-dependent increases in neutrophil influx, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in lung tissue. Histopathological findings in the lung tissue also showed neutrophil infiltration in a concentration-dependent manner. Subchronic inhalation exposure resulted in persistent increases in total protein in BALF and HO-1 in lung tissue. Histopathological findings in the lung tissue showed persistent neutrophil infiltration and fibrosis. NAC administration decreased the number of neutrophils, total protein, LDH, and CINC in the BALF, and HO-1 in the lung tissue. Histopathological findings of the lung tissue also showed that NAC administration improved neutrophil infiltration.Conclusion: Inhalation of CL-PAA for 5 days induced concentration-dependent inflammation in the rats' lungs. Inhalation of CL-PAA for 13 weeks induced persistent inflammation and fibrosis in the rats' lungs. We considered that the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for chronic pulmonary disorders was 0.2 mg/m3. Furthermore, oxidative stress was associated with CL-PAA-induced pulmonary inflammation, and NAC administration attenuated the pulmonary inflammation.
Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of CoCrCuFeNi High Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles Synthesized by Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Mahan Nazar Khalaf , Al-Marjani Mohammed F. , Krishnan Ganesan , Salman Mohammed A.
Published: August 2024

Lactobacillus acidophilus (LB) can produce high purity nanoparticles, it is a top-down biological method based on the principle of dividing metal ion bulk precursors into metal atoms, this biosynthesis method was used in this work to synthesize CoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloy. The characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles were examined using SEM analysis. Subsequently, their antibacterial and anti-bioﬁlm activity were tested against a Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and a Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) that were isolated from the urinary tract infection. The results indicated that CoCrCuFeNi HEA NPs produced via the LB, along with CoCrCuFeNi HEA NPs + LB supernatant, displayed antibacterial inhibition zones measuring 35 mm against E.coli and 25 mm against S. aureus. On the other hand, the anti-bioﬁlm effectiveness of the CoCrCuFeNi HEA NPs+LB on a catheter was determined to surpass 45% against E. coli.
Network pharmacological analysis and experimental verification of Zisheng Tongmai decoction in the treatment of Premature ovarian failure
Authors: Wu Jiaru , Wen Mengjie , Wang Zecheng , Yu Kun , Jin Xinyue , Liu Chenxu , Song Qiuhang , Zhang Guohong , Wu Beibei , Li Yunfeng
Published: August 2024

Purpose
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a disease that seriously jeopardizes women's physical and mental health worldwide. Zisheng Tongmai decoction (ZSTMD), a famous Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula, has a marked effect on the clinical treatment of POF. This study investigated the potential mechanism of ZSTMD to improve POF through network pharmacology and experimental validation.
Methods
The active components, key targets and potential mechanisms of ZSTMD against POF were predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking. The POF model was induced in rats by cyclophosphamide (CTX) and subsequently gavaged with different doses of ZSTMD. KGN cells were treated with different concentrations of quercetin and CTX. Histopathological were observed via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunofluorescence staining. Serum estrogen levels were detected via ELISA. Protein expression was detected via Western blotting.
Results
We identified quercetin as the main active ingredients targeting VEGFA. Molecular docking showed that VEGFA interacted well with the main active components of ZSTMD. In vivo experiments, ZSTMD significantly increased body weight and the ovarian index, significantly increased E2 and AMH, and decreased FSH and LH in POF rats. Histologic results showed that ZSTMD increased the number of follicles and vascular density in the ovary. It also increased VEGFA and CD31 protein expression. In vitro experiments, quercetin suppressed CTX-induced apoptosis in KGN cells and increased VEGFA protein expression.
Discussion
Our study demonstrated that ZSTMD improves POF by promoting angiogenesis through VEGFA target.
A functional chaperone condensate in the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Hiller Sebastian , Leder Anna , Mas Guillaume , Szentgyörgyi Viktória , Jakob Roman , Maier Timm , Spang Anne
Published: August 2024

One third of eukaryotic proteins are processed within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to obtain their correct structure1-3. This function is ensured by a network of molecular chaperones that recognizes client proteins and assists their folding4,5. How the ER chaperones organize in a supramolecular manner to exert their cooperativity has, however, remained unclear. Here, we report the discovery of a multi-chaperone condensate in the ER lumen, which is formed around the chaperone PDIA6 during protein folding homeostasis. We resolve the structure of PDIA6 and the mechanism underlying its condensate formation at the atomic and cellular level. We find that the multivalency required for PDIA6 phase separation is created by two specific interfaces. One of these interfaces is regulated by a Ca2+-dependent molecular switch, allowing dynamic adaptations to ER stress. The PDIA6 condensates recruit further chaperones, in particular Hsp70 BiP, J-domain protein ERdj3, disulfide isomerase PDIA1 and Hsp90 Grp94, which are the essential components of the early folding machinery. The chaperone condensates enhance folding of client proteins, which we show exemplarily on proinsulin, and prevent protein misfolding in the ER lumen. The PDIA6-scaffolded chaperone condensates hence provide the functional basis for spatial and temporal coordination of the dynamic ER chaperone network.
Fingerprinting the Robust Recovery of Antarctic Ozone
Authors: Wang Peidong , Solomon Susan , Santer Benjamin , Kinnison Douglas , Fu Qiang , Stone Kane , Zhang Jun , Manney Gloria , Millan Luis
Published: August 2024

The Antarctic ozone “hole” was discovered in 19851, and its primary cause is man-made ozone-depleting substances (ODS)2. Following reductions of ODSs under the Montreal Protocol3, signs of ozone recovery have been reported, based largely on observations and broad yet compelling model-data comparisons4. While such approaches are highly valuable, they do not establish levels of overall confidence that account for the temporal and spatial structure of Antarctic ozone trends as well as uncertainties in internal climate variability. Here, we rely on trend pattern information as a function of month and height to separate anthropogenically forced ozone responses from internal variability, using pattern-based detection and attribution (D&A) methods as employed in climate change studies5–11. The analysis uses satellite observations together with both single-model and multi-model ensemble simulations to identify and quantify the month-height Antarctic ozone recovery “fingerprint”12. We demonstrate that the data and simulations show remarkable agreement in the fingerprint pattern of the ozone response to decreasing ODS forcing since 2005. We also show that ODS forcing has enhanced ozone internal variability during the austral spring, influencing detection of forced responses and their time of emergence. Our results provide robust statistical and physical evidence that actions taken under the Montreal Protocol to reduce ODSs are indeed resulting in Antarctic ozone recovery.
Experimental Investigation on the Low-velocity Impact of Beetle Elytron-inspired Plates
Authors: Song Yiheng , Yang Haixia , Chen Jinxiang
Published: August 2024

The elytra of beetles feature a naturally evolved sandwich structure that offers a lightweight and protective function, especially effective against falling object impacts in complex environments. Consequently, structures mimicking the design of beetle elytra hold potential applications in fields requiring resistance to low-speed impacts, such as civil automotive and aviation industries. This study investigates the impact resistance of two beetle-inspired sandwich plates, end- trabecular beetle elytron plates (EBEP) and grid beetle elytron plates (GBEP), comparing their performance with widely used honeycomb plates (HP) and grid plates (GP). Utilizing 3D printing technology and environmentally friendly polylactic acid (PLA) as the material, samples of these four types of sandwich plates were integrally fabricated and tested under a 10 J impact energy to assess their impact response, damage mode, and characteristics. The results showed that, compared to HP and GP, the average peak force of EBEP and GBEP increased by 29.38% and 17.06%, respectively. Additionally, GBEP's impact resistance indicators, including specific energy absorption (SEA), were 2.9% to 5.4% higher than those of GP, with maximum peak force (MPF), mean compressive force (Fm), and crush force efficiency (CFE) increasing by 5.0%, 24.5%, and 17.8%, respectively. For EBEP, apart from a slight decrease in CFE (2.6%), SEA was 7.8% to 9.2% higher than HP's, while MPF and Fm increased by 18.2% and 15.2%, respectively. Furthermore, damage analysis revealed that the central residual indentation depth of HP was 640% greater than that of EBEP, and GP's was 63.1% greater than that of EBEP. These experimental results validate that beetle plates have significant advantages in load-bearing capacity and impact resistance.
The Use of Silver Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Agents between 2014 and 2023 in Brazil and Worldwide: A Bibliometric Review
Authors: S. Laurentino Lauro , M. G. dos Santos Lísia , B. Silva Cristiane , L. R. de Barros Ana , C. L. Thomas Pamela , C. Moreira Josino
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to employ bibliometric methodologies to provide an overview of silver nanoparticles used as antimicrobial agents over the past decade. According to research conducted using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, a total of 2504 articles were published globally, of which 109 were from Brazilian institutions. Notably, approximately 70% of the leading article-producing countries are in Asia, with India emerging as the primary contributor with 1892 articles. Brazil ranked sixth in terms of publication volume, contributing 366 articles. Predominantly, the Southeastern region of Brazil exhibited the highest publication output, constituting 61% of the total, with the state of São Paulo playing a central role. Despite a gradual increase in the number of publications, most studies focused on synthesis methodologies, mainly producing aqueous silver nanoparticle solutions and their correlation with antimicrobial applications. The scarcity of publications addressing their efficacy in final commercialized products poses challenges for regulatory actions, quality control, and sanitary surveillance. Bibliometric studies are valuable tools for guiding future research efforts with significant potential impacts to foster a deeper understanding of this topic within the scientific community.
Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Drum Band untuk Meningkatkan Perkembangan Seni dan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Arifah Riska Hidayatul
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kegiatan drum band dapat menstimulasi perkembangan aspek seni dan motorik kasar anak di RA Bina Mutiara Hati Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif, sumber data hasil wawancara atau hasil pengamatan perilaku anak. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian ini dilakukan pada saat PLP II berlangsung dari tanggal 3 September sampai 3 Oktober. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak kelas B1 yang berjumlah 15 anak dengan rata-rata usia 5-6 tahun. Dalam hal ini, peneliti melakukan penelitian dengan mengumpulkan data dari observasi, dokumentasi dan mengumpulkan hasil wawancara atau hasil pengamatan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi penelitian pada kegiatan drum band di RA Bina Mutiara Hati bahwa bermain drum band dapat meningkatkan perkembangan seni musik pada anak, melatih motorik kasar, sosial emosional, kekompakan, konsentrasi dan berkoordinasi yang tepat.
Kendala-kendala Anak Usia Dini dalam Mengamalkan Al-Qur’an di Era Digital
Authors: Rohmah Siti , Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: August 2024

All Muslims believe that the Koran is the main source of Islamic teachings. The above are mandatory religious teachings, and a person cannot be called a good Muslim if he violates these beliefs. Thus, every Islamic educational institution must truly make the Koran the main material that must be studied. Read or recite the Koran, write, memorize, and be able to practice the religious values contained in the Al-Qur'an. Using the Koran as a guide to life is a competency that Muslim children must have. So what are the obstacles for young children in practicing the Koran? The above is a big problem in this research, the answer to which must be sought through a qualitative approach. The research subjects were 3 teachers and students at Nw Sajang Kindergarten. In order to obtain accurate data, researchers used interview and observation techniques. Based on the results of research and discussions that have been carried out, there are two obstacle factors, namely internal and external factors experienced by Nw Sajang Kindergarten children in learning to practice the Al-Qur'an. Also internal factors are: (1). Lack of concentration. (2). Difficulty reading Arabic letters. (3). Limited understanding of Arabic. (4). Pressure or lack of time for studying religion, especially the Koran. (5). Lack of motivation and strong will from the child. And the external factors are: (1). Environmental disturbances (2). Children play more often. (3). Lack of appropriate learning materials. (4). Children use electronic devices more often when they are at home. And the solution to overcome this obstacle is; increasing concentration, taking an educational game approach, integrated Arabic language teaching, effective time management, providing ongoing motivation, and finally creating a calm learning environment.
Pengaruh Program Pendidikan Terhadap Kemampuan Sosial Emosional Anak
Authors: Azwira Fitri , Dini Syawla Eka , Nurhalizah Lusi , Fidrayani Fidrayani
Published: August 2024

Masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana pengaruh program pendidikan terhadap kemampuan sosial emosial anak. Pendidikan kemampuan sosial emosional anak telah menjadi perhatian dalam konteks pendidikan di seluruh dunia, termasuk di tingkat pendidikan dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan beberapa aspek atau dimensi dari hasil penelitian antara tahun 2019-2024. Metode yang digunakan adalah Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Review And Meta-Analyses dengan menganalisis dua puluh jurnal terkait dengan pengaruh program pendidikan terhadap kemampuan sosial emosional anak. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan sosial emosional anak melalui program pendidikan. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan sosial emosional anak.
Identification of defects on the inner wall of water supply pipes based on the optimized residual network
Authors: Zhao Qian , Wang Gaojuan
Published: August 2024

The urban water supply network is part of the infrastructure that sustains the economic and social functions of cities and regions. Timely inspection and maintenance of the network can effectively reduce resource wastage and prevent accidents. Traditional manual detection methods are inefficient and can be based on subjective judgments. A classification model based on an improved ResNet34 network has been proposed to classify and detect various types of corrosion on the inner walls of pipes under challenging conditions. The introduction of the attention mechanism and multi-scale feature fusion modules further improved the model's effectiveness in classifying defects within the inner walls of pipes. The model can detect various types of pipeline corrosion with a detection accuracy of 98.61%. This accuracy is significantly superior to that achieved with traditional models such as ResNet34, AlexNet, MobileNet, and VGGNet.
Balance of water footprint using an input–output economic model in semi-arid regions
Authors: Tarvirdizadeh Elmira , Hosseini Seyed Abbas , Abedi Zahra , Alipour Mohammad Sadegh
Published: August 2024

This research estimates the water footprint and the share of imported and exported virtual water for each economic product in the input–output (IO) economic model of 2001, 2011, and 2016 based on top-down approach in Iran in the Middle East region. The IO model can quantify the virtual water content of agricultural and industrial products, as well as other services involved with the economy. Based on the findings of this study, the national water footprint (NWF) has increased in economic sectors over the studied years, with the highest footprint in the agricultural sector. Iran has been a net importer of virtual water due to importing more products than exports during 2001 and 2016. In addition, the commercial balance of virtual water has increased over these years. The results show that Iran's NWF is increasing rapidly, while the water footprint per capita and biological water capacity are decreasing. This indicates that the country is experiencing significant water stress due to the excessive and uncontrolled withdrawal of water resources, more than the limits of sustainable development. To address this issue, policymakers need to pay special attention to the virtual water trade in terms of integrated water resources management.
Os sentidos de futuros professores de Química sobre conceitos químicos no ensino
Authors: Núñez Isauro Beltrán , Pereira Luiz Fernando
Published: August 2024

Neste trabalho, apresentam-se os resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo geral foi caracterizar os sentidos que futuros professores de Química atribuem aos conceitos no contexto da aprendizagem da educação básica, tomando como pressuposto o referencial lógico-cognoscitivo da escola Histórico-Cultural da Psicologia. Participaram da pesquisa 46 estudantes de licenciatura. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se uma prova pedagógica. As informações obtidas foram tratadas segundo a Análise do Léxico e a análise baseada no protocolo de Núñez e Silva (2020). Os resultados evidenciaram que os licenciandos, no geral, confundem o conceito químico com sua definição, referem-se a ele como algo ou alguma coisa e não como uma imagem de uma classe determinada pelas características e relações essenciais dela. Por sua vez, não os relacionam aos processos do pensamento lógico dialético. Essa situação evidencia a importância de a formação inicial de professores contemplar diversas possibilidades desse conhecimento epistemológico e profissional docente.
Mulheres quilombolas e presenças no ensino superior
Authors: Nascimento Cynthia Cristina do , Rezende Maria Aparecida
Published: August 2024

A universidade, embora potencialmente transformadora, também impõe padrões eurocêntricos que marginalizam perspectivas quilombolas. Nesse sentido, esse artigo tem como objetivo explorar, através dos relatos, as categorias de conquista e re-existência quilombola no contexto universitário, interpretadas à luz da fenomenologia Merleau-Pontyana. Metodologicamente, o estudo foi desenvolvido a partir da produção e interpretação de relatos de quatro estudantes quilombolas da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT). Constatamos casos de sucesso acadêmico que enriquecem o conhecimento sobre suas experiências e percepções diante dos desafios estruturais. A implementação do Programa de Inclusão de Estudantes Quilombolas na UFMT ilustra um avanço significativo em termos de inclusão e representatividade. As mulheres quilombolas não apenas resistem, mas também se afirmam como agentes de mudança e resistência cultural, influenciando positivamente as suas comunidades. Portanto, o estudo destaca o impacto das políticas de ações afirmativas na promoção da igualdade racial e na democratização do acesso e permanência no ensino superior.
Guerra Justa, comércio e colonização em Francisco de Vitória
Authors: Aquino João Emiliano Fortaleza de
Published: August 2024

A proposta deste artigo é relacionar a teoria da guerra justa de Francisco de Vitória e sua teoria do valor mercantil. A hipótese aqui desenvolvida é que Vitória introduz a liberdade comercial como um dos móbiles que, quando impedidos, justificam uma guerra contra as populações nativas da América, porque, alguns anos antes, já desenvolvera uma teoria do valor, que torna sem fundamento a anterior proibição teológica do lucro comercial. Justificada assim a guerra, ele defende uma teoria dos direitos do vencedor, que inclui a legitimidade da deposição dos governantes, a tomada de terras e bens e a escravização dos súditos. Em outras palavras, para Vitória, a guerra justa, motivada por interesses comerciais, torna legítima a colonização.
Regioselective Thiolation of Indole to Construct 3-Arylthioindoles
Authors: Yadav Ashvani , Kumar Rohit , Yadav Vikas , Ghosh Mitushree , Prasad Virendra
Published: August 2024

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A practical and novel approach for the regioselective synthesis of 3-arylthioindole
derivatives has been accomplished using a combination of indole substrates with p-toluene
sulfonyl hydrazide. This methodology employs NIS as the oxidant and PPh3 as the reductant
to give the desired 3-arylthioindoles in good to excellent yields. This method offers several
advantages, including simplicity, operational ease, and broad substrate scope.