bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can parasitism by Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) affect the movement and oviposition behavior of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)?
Authors: Oliveira Juliana S. , Reigada Carolina , Diniz Alexandre J.F , Lara Idemauro A.R. , Moral Rafael A. , Parra José R.P.
Published: August 2022

Diaphorina citri is the vector of the bacteria that cause HLB. The psyllid acquires the pathogen after feeding on infected plants and transmits it to other trees as it moves through the grove. The psyllid’s movement is directly affected by abiotic and biotic factors, such as the presence of conspecific insects and natural enemies. This study evaluated the effects of the presence of conspecific nymphs either not parasitized or parasitized by Tamarixia radiata on the movement and oviposition of adult female D. citri. D. citri females were released into cages containing a row of four equidistant Murraya paniculata plants. The first plant, the release point, had one of three conditions: no nymphs; non-parasitized nymphs (high and low densities); or previously parasitized nymphs. At 24, 48, and 72 h following release, the females on each plant in the cage were counted. At the end of the observations (72 h), the females were removed, and the eggs laid on the plants were counted. Discrete data analysis showed that in the presence of a high density of non-parasitized nymphs, adult psyllids were more homogeneously distributed among the plants. However, the highest oviposition rates were observed on plants without nymphs. On the other hand, in the presence of nymphs, the largest number of females remained at the release site and more eggs were deposited on plants with parasitized nymphs. This information will help to improve psyllid management techniques and releases of their natural enemy, according to their distribution in the grove.
Outcomes in Critically Ill HIV-infected patients between 1997 and 2020: analysis of the OUTCOMEREA multicenter cohort
Authors: Gaillet Antoine , Azoulay Elie , de Montmollin Etienne , Garrouste-Orgeas Maité , Cohen Yves , Dupuis Claire , Schwebel Carole , Reignier Jean , Siami Shidasp , Argaud Laurent , Adrie Christophe , Mourvillier Bruno , Ruckly Stéphane , Forel Jean-Marie , Timsit Jean-Francois
Published: August 2022

Background: Despite antiviral therapy (ART), 800,000 deaths still occur yearly and globally due to HIV infection. In parallel with the good virological control and the aging of this population, multiple comorbidities (HIV-associated-non-AIDS (HANA) conditions) may now be observed.Methods: Prospective, multicenter cohort, including HIV adult patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU) over a 24-year period.Results: Of the 24,298 stays registered, 630 (2.6%) were a first ICU stay for HIV patients. Over time, the mean age and comorbidities level (diabetes, renal and respiratory history, solid neoplasia) of patients increased. The proportion of HIV diagnosed on ICU admission decreased significantly, while the median duration of HIV disease as well as the percentage of ART-treated patients increased. The distribution of main reasons for admission remained stable over time (acute respiratory distress > shock > coma). We observed a significant drop in the rate of active opportunistic infection on admission, while the rate of active hemopathy qualifying for AIDS increased -non significantly- with a significant increase in the anti-cancer chemotherapy administration in ICU. Admissions for HANA or non-HIV reasons were stable over time. In multivariate analysis, predictors of 60-day mortality were advanced age, chronic liver disease, past chemotherapy, SOFA score >4 at admission, hospitalization duration before ICU admission >24h, AIDS status, but not the period of admission.Conclusion: Whereas the profile of ICU-admitted HIV patients has evolved over time (HIV better controlled but more associated comorbidities), mortality risk factors remain stable, including AIDS status.
Biomechanical comparison of four triangular osteosynthesis fixations for unilateral vertical sacral fractures
Authors: Ma Yupeng , Zhao Yong , Hong Huanyu , Huang Tao , Li Yu
Published: August 2022

[Objective] To compare the stability and biomechanical characteristics of four commonly used triangular osteosynthesis techniques to treat unilateral vertical sacral fractures and provide a clinical application reference. [Methods] Finite element models of Tile C type pelvic ring injury (unilateral Denis Ⅱ sacral fracture) were produced. In four models, sacral fractures were fixed with a combination of unilateral L5, unilateral L4,and L5 iliac lumbar fixation with lengthened sacroiliac screws and normal sacroiliac screws, respectively. The biomechanical properties of the four fixation models were measured and compared under bipedal stance and lumbar rotation. [Results] The fixation stability of the model with the lengthened sacroiliac screw was excellent, and the fracture end was stable. The stability of fixation using unilateral L4 and L5 segments was close to that of unilateral L5 segment fixation. [Conclusions] Triangular osteosynthesis transverse stabilization device using lengthened sacroiliac screws can increase the vertical stability of the sacrum after internal fixation and increase the stability of the fracture. When triangular osteosynthesis lumbar fixation segments were selected, simultaneous fixation of L4 and L5 segments versus only L5 segments did not significantly enhance the vertical stability of the sacrum or the stability of the fracture end.
Research on Fatigue Driving Discrimination based on Face Recognition System
Authors: Xin Song , Wang Zeming , Song Mingda
Published: August 2022

For the current traffic system, fatigue driving is a major cause of accidents. In order to effectively detect drivers' fatigue driving behavior, combined with the current situation of current vehicle driving, a fatigue detection method for specific drivers was proposed. The fatigue driving detection system based on face recognition in this paper is mainly divided into face recognition and fatigue driving detection. In the face recognition process of the system, the driver's face photo and the corresponding fatigue state information need to be stored first. In the recognition process, the driver's identity is identified using the MTCNN network first, and then the threshold value of the driver's fatigue state is called for the use of subsequent fatigue detection. Facial feature points recognition using TCDCN network, the network is endowed with two tasks, one is the detection of facial feature points, the second is whether the current driver wear glasses, when training the network separate the samples of glasses and without glasses, training out of the two models at the same time, whether to wear glasses to use a different model respectively, Then, according to the characteristic points identified, the PERCLOS algorithm is used to calculate whether the person is driving fatigue.
The enhanced optical chirality induced by surface plasmons in achiral magnetoplasmonic nanostructures
Authors: Xi Wang , Zhu Mengjiao , Lei Chengxin , Fu Shenggui , Man Zhongsheng
Published: August 2022

We show theoretically that the enhanced optical chirality in the magnetoplasmonic achiral nanostructures including dual-metallic grating (DMG) structure and single-metallic grating (SMG) structure under linearly polarized light can be achieved. The simulated results, based on the extended finite difference time domain (EFDTD) method, show that the designed structures have enhanced optical chirality in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths. More importantly, although the magnetoplasmonic nanostructure with DMG structure possesses the easy fabrication process, its performance of optical chirality is superior to that of the SMG structure. The physical origin of the enhanced optical chirality is deeply researched in detail. We also show that the optical chirality can be adjusted by the external magnetic field, which denotes that the magnetoplasmonic nanostructures will be used to develop new chirooptical device.
Morphological Studies on the Axial Skeleton of the Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii)
Authors: Onwuama Kenechukwu Tobechukwu , Ibe Chikera Samuel , Jaji Alhaji Zubair , Salami Suleiman Olawoye , Kigir Esther Solomon
Published: August 2022

Background: Anatomical features of the skeleton of wild animals contribute largely to their adaptation. A dearth of information on the skeletal anatomy of the sitatunga (Tragelaphus Spekii) necessitated this study. Two adult sitatunga carcasses weighing 54kg and 57kg were obtained after post-mortem examination. Bone preparation was achieved through cold water maceration protocol. Result: The tympanic bulla was elongated and massive, resulting in the rudimentary appearance of the styloid and muscular processes of the temporal bone. The lacrimal bone had a somewhat triangular presentation with the lacrimal foramen on the caudal border of the facial surface while its dorsal border formed the lateral margin of the frontal sinus. There was no observable lacrimal fossa on this facial surface of the lacrimal bone. The facial tubercle was absent. The vertebral column formula was C7 T13 L6 S4 C10-14, the atlas dorsal median tubercle was smooth, devoid of ridges. The thoracic spinous processes were oriented dorso-caudally from T1 to T11; spinous process of T12 was vertical, while that of T13 was oriented dorso-cranially. The length of the transverse process of L1 and L6 were the same, and smaller than the length of those of L2-L5. There was incomplete fusion of sacral spinous processes. Three dorsal and ventral sacral foramina were identified laterally on each side of the vertebrae. The ribs were 26 in number (13 pairs). The average number of bones of the axial skeleton was 75. Conclusion: This study recorded anatomical features of axial skeletal bones of the Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii) thereby providing a baseline data for future biomedical, archaeological and comparative skeletal anatomical studies.
Allelic to Genome Wide Perspectives of Swine Genetic Variation to Litter Size and Its Component Traits
Authors: Vaishnav Sakshi , Chauhan Anuj , Ajay Argana , Saini Babu Lal , Kumar Subodh , Kumar Amit , Bhushan Bharat , Gaur Gyanendra Kumar
Published: August 2022

Litter size is a complex and sex limited trait that depends on various biological, managemental and environmental factors. Owing to its low heritability it is inefficaciously selected by traditional methods. However, due to higher heritability of ovulation rate and embryo survival, selection based on component traits of litter size is advocated. QTL analysis and candidate gene approach are among the various supplementary/alternate strategies for selection of litter size. QTL analysis is aimed at identifying genomic regions affecting trait of interest significantly. Candidate gene approach necessitates identification of genes potentially affecting the trait. There are various genes that significantly affect litter size and its component traits viz. ESR, LEP, BF, IGFBP, RBP4, PRLR, CTNNAL1, WNT10B, TCF12, DAZ, and RNF4. These genes affect litter size in a complex interacting manner. Lately, genome wide association study (GWAS) have been utilized to unveil the genetic and biological background of litter traits, and elucidate the genes governing litter size. Favorable SNPs in these genes have been identified and offers a scope for inclusion in selection programs thereby increasing breeding efficiency and profit in pigs.
Systemic climate change adaptation: Comparative insights from seven case studies in the North Sea Region
Authors: Nugraha Erwin , Özerol Gül , Sayers Paul , Gersonius Berry , Schipper Cor A
Published: August 2022

There is a growing interest in systemic adaptation to climate change across all levels of governance. However, little knowledge exists on whether and how systemic adaptation or system approach works at local and sub-national levels. This paper aims to provide reflective and practical insights into this question based on empirical evidence from seven cases in the North Sea Region. We analyse and compare the experience of stakeholders and practitioners in experimenting and evaluating the novel “Cloud to Coast” framework to climate change adaptation. The framework combines a whole-system, inclusive and adaptive approach facilitated with a continuous dialogue in order to accomplish resilient societal outcomes. The stakeholders and practitioners have co-produced knowledge by scrutinising the relevance and applicability of the framework as well as opportunities for its adoption in future adaptation actions. Using a comparative case study research design, we reveal the similarities and differences across seven case studies from six European countries (Belgium, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom) and examine the connections across the case studies in adopting systemic adaptation. The paper contributes to the governance of climate change adaptation, particularly in forging a new relationship with wider imaginary spatially and temporally, re-assessing planning practices, and challenging the future norms of adaptation.
A trispecific Ab directed to HIV-1 and T cells activates and eliminates latently-infected cells in HIV/SHIV infections
Authors: Promsote Wanwisa , Xu Ling , Hataye Jason , Fabozzi Giulia , March Kylie , Almasri Cassandra , Demouth Megan , Lovelace Sarah , Talana Chole Adrienna , Ambrozak David , Beninga Jochen , Rao Ercole , Furtmann Norbert , Birkenfeld Joerg , McCarthy Elizabeth , Todd John-Paul , Petrovas Constantinos , Connors Mark , Hebert Andrew , Beck Jeremy , Shen Junqing , Zhang Bailin , Levit Mikhail , Wei Ronnie , Yang Zhi-Yong , Pegu Amarendra , Mascola John , Nabel Gary , Koup Richard
Published: August 2022

The main barrier to HIV virus eradication is the presence of long-lived HIV-1 that persists in latent reservoirs. Current efforts have focused on HIV cure interventions that “shock and kill” virally infected cells to purge the latent pool. Latency reversing agents (LRAs) induce viral activation leading to immune cell recognition and clearance of latently-infected cells. Though several clinical trials with LRAs have demonstrated that activation of viral gene expression is possible in vivo, limited or no clearance of the reactivated cells has been observed. The identification of molecules that can simultaneously activate latent HIV, increase immune activation and enhance the killing of latently-infected cells represents an alternative promising approach. Here, we developed and evaluated a trispecific antibody that targets three independent proteins: (1) the HIV envelope, (2) the T cell antigen CD3, and (3) the co-stimulatory molecule CD28. For targeting HIV Env, we used the broadly reactive CD4-binding site monoclonal antibody (mAb), N6. We found that an antibody with all three specificities (N6/αCD3-αCD28), significantly increased antigen-specific T-cell activation and cytokine release in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Co-culturing CD4+ T cells with autologous CD8+ T cells isolated from ART suppressed HIV+ donors in the presence of N6/αCD3-αCD28, resulted in activation of latently-infected cells and enhancement of the cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells to eliminate the cells expressing reactivated HIV. This trispecific antibody mediated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation in non-human primates and was well tolerated in vivo, confirming its activity and safety in a relevant animal model. This HIV-directed antibody is therefore merits further development as a potential intervention for the eradication of latent HIV infection.
Blood Lead Levels in Children Residing in a 115-year old urban settlement in Harare, Zimbabwe: a cross sectional study
Authors: Chagonda Svitsai , Chitungo Itai James Blessing , Musarurwa Cuthbert , Nyamayaro Terence
Published: August 2022

Background: Elemental lead (Pb) is an omnipresent heavy metal with no known in vivo function. Lead-based paints were the leading cause of environmental Pb contamination, until 1978 when an international ban on Pb-based paints was pronounced. A subsequent pan ban was imposed on Pb use in other products including, but not limited to children’s toys and petroleum fuels. Pb toxicity in children, irreversibly affects their growth and development. We assessed the prevalence of high blood Pb levels (BLL) in children living in a potential high risk area and also assessed Pb levels in environmental specimens.Methods: This cross sectional study measured blood lead levels in 86children living in Mbare, a densely populated suburb in Harare, Zimbabwe, characterised by dwellings progressively constructed from 1907 through to the 1940s, before the ban of leaded paint. Study participants of both genders were under 6years of age. Potential risk factors of Pb poisoning were assessed. Pb levels were also assessed in soil, water and paint chip specimens from the study area.Results: The mean (standard deviation) BLL was 4.35 (0.75) g/dL. Twelve (13.95%) participants had BLL of >5.0ug/dL. Our results showed no significant association between BLL and household income, participant behaviour/habits/activities, sources of drinking water, and the types of cookware used in their households.Conclusion: Mean BLL observed in the current study were higher compared to those of children of similar age groups in the United States, suggesting that Pb contamination may be more ubiquitous in the Mbare flats area, potentially predisposing these children to impaired development.
Elevated nitrogen deposition and co-evolutionary history shape competition between an invasive plant and its competitors during range expansion
Authors: Zhang Wen-Gang , Song Xing-Jiang , Petri Laís , Liu Gang , Chen Xiao-Yan , Liu Rui-Ling , Huang Fang-Fang , Zou Jia-Bin , Zhu Zhi-Hong
Published: August 2022

During the range expansion of invasive plants, competitors shared different co-evolutionary history with invasive plants, as well as population differentiation, would have different effects on the response of invaders to global change factors such as increased nitrogen deposition. To address these challenges, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to explore the synergistic effects between population differentiation during range expansion and competitors on the invasion ofGalinsoga quadriradiatain response to increased nitrogen deposition. Competitors (new or old that shared short or long co-evolutionary history with the invader, respectively) were set to compete with the invasive central and edge populations under different nitrogen addition treatments.Galinsoga quadriradiatafrom the central population (i.e., with longer residence time since invasion) showed significantly higher total mass, reproduction, interspecific competitiveness when compared to the individuals from the edge population. Nitrogen addition promoted growth and reproductive performance ofG. quadriradiatain single-culture, in the presence of competitors this effect was weakened. The old competitors acted more effectively than new competitors in inhibiting the invader performance. Our results indicate that population differentiation on growth and competitiveness occurred during the range expansion ofG. quadriradiata, with the central population displaying higher invasiveness. The co-evolutionary history between invasive species and its competitors has been suggested to be probably not in favor of invasive plants. Our results highlight the synergistic and non-additive role of population differentiation and shared co-evolution history between invasive species and its competitors in the range expansion of invaders in the context of global change factors.
A Standalone Prediction Model for Atomic Oxygen, Coronal Mass Ejections and Relevant Space Environment Parameters
Authors: Mahmoud Wael , Elfiky Dalia , Robaa Elsayd , Elnawawy Mohamed Saleh , Yousef Shahinaz Mostafa
Published: August 2022

Satellite protection depends greatly on good prediction of the surrounding space environment components and hazards. The space environment of the Low Earth Orbits (LEOs) is highly affected by solar activity. This paper presents a standalone predictive model for Atomic Oxygen (AO), Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and other space environment parameters. The prediction is based on the numerical method of Holt Winter's triple smooth exponential forecasting of atmospheric constituents (density ‘ρ’, temperature ‘T’, Argon ‘Ar’, Helium ‘He’, Nitrogen molecules ‘N2’ and atoms ‘N’, Oxygen molecules ‘O2’ and atomic Oxygen ‘AO’, solar irradiance, CME central Position Angle ‘PA’, linear speed, mass, angular width and Measurement of Position Angle ‘MPA’ as well as the output life time of the orbit. Some statistical analyses are performed for the verification of the model. The present study focuses on the prediction of AO, CME, density, temperature and Hydrogen atoms. This study recommends the continuous development and improvements of mathematical models for predicting solar activity and its impacts on the LEOs space environment.
Satellite based long- term spatio-temporal trends of wildfire in the Himalayan vegetation
Authors: Mamgain Shailja , Roy Arijit , Karnatak Harish Chandra , Chauhan Prakash
Published: August 2022

Analysis of the spatio- temporal pattern of burned areas over time is necessary to understand how fire behavior in the Himalayan region has altered as a result of the complex climatic variables. The differenced Normalized Burnt Ratio Index is calculated utilizing the cloud-based platform Google Earth Engine to quantify the extent of burned regions. The spatial distribution of burnt areas in the Himalayan region over the last 21 years is examined and correlated with climatic and edaphic factors in the current study. The area affected by forest fire has shown a direct correlation with land surface temperature, but an inverse relationship with surface soil moisture, pre- fire precipitation, pre- fire NDVI and pre- fire EVI. The p-value for 9 of the 20 regions in which the research area is divided for the spatial analysis is less than 0.05, implying that the regression model is statistically significant. Trend analysis done using Mann- Kendall test and Theil-Sen estimator state the distinct trends of burnt area and other meteorological & edaphic parameters in the Western, Central and Eastern Himalaya. The assessment of burned areas aids forest managers in mitigating the impacts and managing the forest fires, as well as in the implementation of the restoration methods following a forest fire.
Generated artificial general intelligence--the philosophical principle of artificial general intelligence and give an example
Authors: Chao Ma
Published: August 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
On Computation of Some Open and Closed Neighbourhood Degree Sum-Based Topological Indices for Metal-Insulator
Transition Super Lattice Network
Authors: Ravi Vignesh , G Hannah Grace , Desikan Kalyani
Published: August 2022

The properties and activities of chemical compounds can be understood by computing topological descriptors of molecular compounds. We investigate the physical and topological aspects of crystal structure of metal-insulator transition superlattice (GST-SL) in this study. Recently, researchers have turned their attention to modifying this substance into a form that is useful for human life. Metal-insulator transition superlattices (GST-SL) are also useful as two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in the form of thin films. For this Superlattice Network SLη, we calculate open and closed neighbourhood degree sum based on topological indices.
Evaluation and Comparison of the Effects of mature Silkworm (Bombyx Mori) and Silkworm Pupae Extracts on Schwann Cell Proliferation and Axon Growth: An in vitro study
Authors: Khosropanah Mohammad Hossein , Zolbin Masoumeh Majidi , Kajbafzadeh Abdol-Mohammad , Amani Leili , Harririan Ismaeil , Azimzadeh Ashkan , Nejatian Touraj , Vaghasloo Mahdi Alizadeh , Hassannejad Zahra
Published: August 2022

Mature silkworms (Bombyx mori) and their pupae contain a variety of growth factors and proteins such as bombyrin that can be used in many repair processes. Due to its appropriate repair qualities, the silkworm has been explored for use in nerve regeneration. First silkworm (Bombyx Mori) and silkworm Pupae Extracts were prepared. Then the concentration and type of amino acids and proteins in the extracts were evaluated by Bradford assay, SDS-page, and LC-MS/MS. Also, the regenerative potential of extracts for improving Schwann cell proliferation and axon growth was examined by MTT, SEM, and NF200 immunostaining. According to the results of the Bradford test, the total protein content of pupae extract was almost twice that of mature worm extract. Also, SDS-PAGE analysis revealed numerous proteins and growth factors such as bombyrin and laminin in extracts that are involved in the repair of the nervous system. Based on LC-MS/MS results, the number of amino acids in pupae extract was higher than in mature silkworm extract. It was found that the proliferation of Schwann cells at a concentration of 0.25 in both extracts was higher than the concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05. When using both extracts on DRGs, an increase in length and number was observed in axons.The findings of this study demonstrated that extracts obtained from adult silkworms, especially pupae, can play an effective role in Schwann cell proliferation and axonal growth, which can be strong evidence for nerve regeneration and consequently repairing peripheral nerve damage.
Prognostic significance of Systolic Blood Pressure Time in Target Range in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cheng Yi , Wang Dan , Yang Yuling , Miao Ya , Tian Jingyan , Sheng Chang-Sheng
Published: August 2022

Background: Time in target range (TTR) of systolic blood pressure was a novel measure to assess the effect of blood pressure control, but its prognostic value in diabetes mellitus remains uncertain.Methods: A total of 2882 participants from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) blood pressure (BP) trial were included into the present study, with average age of 63.0±6.8 years old. The target range was defined as 120 to 140 mm Hg and 110 to 130 mm Hg for standard and intensive therapy, respectively. Cox proportional hazard regressions were conducted to investigate the effect of systolic blood pressure TTR on the first occurrence of outcomes.Results: After adjusting for covariates, 1-SD increase of TTR was significantly associated with decreased risk of primary outcome (HR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74-0.94, P=0.0026), as well as all-cause mortality (HR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72-0.97, P=0.018), cardiovascular death (HR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54-0.89, P=0.0045) and nonfatal myocardial infarction (HR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73-0.99, P=0.034). TTR sustained significance of primary outcome (P≤0.012), and all-cause (P≤0.017) and cardiovascular mortality (P≤0.022) even after additional adjustment for mean systolic blood pressure or systolic blood pressure variability. Similar results were got when TTR was treated as categorical variable.Conclusions: In patients with T2DM, TTR of systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with decreased risk of major outcomes, while controlling for blood pressure mean and variability during the same exposure time. Long-term monitoring and control of blood pressure in the target range was important for improving outcomes.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00000620.
Molecular Dynamic study on the aggregation process of biologic surfactant with oleic matter
Authors: Braga Bibiana
Published: August 2022

The present work aims to study nominally known oleic systems – oleic acid, saponified oleic acid and biodiesel – in the presence of a biological surfactant, sodium cholate. For a better characterization of this system, dynamic light scattering and electrical impedance spectroscopy techniques were used. Through the first technique, it was possible to differentiate the systems by their sizes (hydrodynamic rays) and it was observed that the stereo effect caused by the interaction of different structures of the oleic material and the surfactant directly impacts the dimension of the formed particles. The Electrical Impedance experiment did not show differences in the electrical behavior of these particles, which shows that the electrostatic interaction between these particles does not vary significantly, regardless of the oleic material used.
Exploring nursing students' experiences on distance education: a qualitative content analysis
Authors: TANK Dilek YILDIRIM , ÇAĞLAR Serpil SUBAŞI , ERGEN Büşra
Published: August 2022

Background
The effects of the use of distance education methods, which entered our lives rapidly with the pandemic, in nursing education should be discussed.
Aim
To determine the experiences of nursing students about distance education.
Methods
Data were collected using a SWOT analysis interview form developed by the researchers. Study was carried out at a national university in Zonguldak, Turkey between February 2020 and January 2021. The sample of the study comprised 204 students in the nursing department.
Results
Students reported their positive and negative thoughts on issues such as working environment, technological adaptation, economic conditions, lack of clinical education, psychological and health problems.
Conclusion
In terms of nursing education, the distance education system should be researched and developed in depth.
Multi-objective double row layout problem with safety distance and geometrical constraints consideration
Authors: Rifai Achmad Pratama , Mara Setyo Tri Windras , Norcahyo Rachmadi
Published: August 2022

This study discusses the extension of the double row layout problem (DRLP) with safety distance and geometrical constraints for unequal dimension of rows. A multi-objective mathematical formulation is proposed with aims to minimize the total material handling cost and penalty for safety violation. As the solution approach for the problem, this paper proposes an improved multi-objective variable neighborhood search (IMOVNS) which equipped with an acceptance criterion based on Metropolis criterion as well as an archive update mechanism. Numerical experiments are executed on a set of test instances and the proposed algorithm is evaluated based on four main criteria of multi-objective optimization algorithms, these are: (i) convergence, (ii) uniformity, (iii) cardinality, and (iv) spread of the solutions. The experiment results show the superiority of IMOVNS to the several benchmark algorithms and confirm the trade-off circumstance between material handling cost and safety factor in the considered situation.
FRAMING THE STATELESS CHILDREN IN SABAH: AN EXAMINATION THROUGH CORPUS ANALYSIS
Authors:   Centre for English Language Communication, National University of Singapore, 10 Architecture Drive, 117511, Singapore, Loo Daron Benjamin , Lagason Linda ,   Independent Scholar, Sabah, Malaysia
Published: August 2022

In 2018, after winning the Malaysian general elections, Pakatan Harapan (PH) offered a promise to address the issue of statelessness. To better understand the premise of this promise, this study analysed the framing of stateless children in Sabah by conducting a corpus analysis of news articles published online in 2019. Specifically, the researchers created a corpus of 80 news articles from local and regional news portals that provided free access to their news items. The corpus was analysed using AntConc, and five keywords were identified based on their keyness level, which was determined through a comparison with the top 5,000 words from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The keywords served as frames, and they were further conceptualised through their collocates. Through the analysis of the frames and their characterisation, stateless children were portrayed as having restrictive access to education and healthcare, and without the possibility of being legally adopted. Furthermore, while help has been rendered by different agencies or key individuals, this has been done based on the grounds of morality that aim to spur charitable actions, but without offering any impactful legal solutions. Another valuable finding from this study was that all the news portals analysed shared the same sentiment against the stateless children, similar to that held by PH. Not only do the findings of this study provide a comprehensive view through the analysis of various news portals, it also offers evidence explaining why the stateless population and children in Sabah have been perpetually stuck in statelessness.
Phase transitions above the upper critical dimension
Authors: Berche Bertrand , Ellis Tim , Holovatch Yurij , Kenna Ralph
Published: August 2022

These lecture notes provide an overview of the renormalization group
(RG) as a successful framework to understand critical phenomena above
the upper critical dimension d_{uc}duc.
After an introduction to the scaling picture of continuous phase
transitions, we discuss the apparent failure of the Gaussian fixed point
to capture scaling for Landau mean-field theory, which should hold in
the thermodynamic limit above d_{uc}duc.
We recount how Fisher’s dangerous-irrelevant-variable formalism applied
to thermodynamic functions partially repairs the situation but at the
expense of hyperscaling and finite-size scaling, both of which were,
until recently, believed not to apply above
d_{uc}duc.
We recall limitations of various attempts to match the RG with
analytical and numerical results for Ising systems. We explain how the
extension of dangerous irrelevancy to the correlation sector is key to
marrying the above concepts into a comprehensive RG scaling picture that
renders hyperscaling and finite-size scaling valid in all dimensions.
We collect what we believe is the current status of the theory,
including some new insights and results. This paper is in grateful
memory of Michael Fisher who introduced many of the concepts discussed
and who, half a century later, contributed to their advancement.
The Implementation of Knowledge Management System (KMS) Evaluation Model in Improving Employee Performance: A Case Study of the State Electricity Company
Authors: Budianto Wahyu , Sardjono Wahyu
Published: August 2022

Employee performance has a crucial role in running a company. Thus, efforts to improve employee performance are vital to be conducted and evaluated. The research aimed to assess the Knowledge Management System (KMS) evaluation model implemented at PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) (Persero), a state electricity company, and found the factors and indicators to improve employee performance. The research applied a survey that collected data through a summative evaluation by using a questionnaire. The population in the research was 100 employees in PT PLN (Persero). The sampling technique was a probability, namely purposive sampling. Then, the results were examined using the SPSS program to measure the relationship of the variables under study. The collected data were also analyzed quantitatively using descriptive and inferential statistics. The analysis results show that people, process, and technology positively affect employee performance. Thus, based on the results, it can be concluded that the three main elements of KMS have a positive impact on the performance of the employees of PT PLN (Persero). It is suggested that the company takes care of their people, process, and technology to improve its performance considering the findings. It is expected that the management of PT PLN (Persero) can develop and optimize the factors that affect employee performance in using KMS for sustainable company decisions.
The Asset Management and Tracking System for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Institution Based on Ubiquitous Computing
Authors: Sulistyo Totok , Achmad Karmila , Purnama Ida Bagus Irawan
Published: August 2022

Generally, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) has numerous types of assets used for conducting various skill-based learning activities. The failure to properly manage the TVET assets can lead to inefficient operation and administration, such as difficulty in tracking the history of the asset, location, and users. The research solved the problems by developing and implementing asset management and tracking system based on ubiquitous cloud computing for movable and fixed assets. The research activities were conducted in Politeknik Negeri Balikpapan, one of ten state-owned TVET institutions in Indonesia. This system was accessed using a web and mobile application. Quick Response (QR) code was used for asset identification to make a mobile device read the code with their built-in camera. Meanwhile, the geolocation was attached to provide the spatial information of assets’ whereabouts. Then, the research adopted the 5W1H question principle, so all aspects of asset management were collected and understood. The results show that the system helps TVET to keep track of their equipment and vital inventories in realtime. Moreover, the implementation of the system has a great impact administratively and ease in delivering instantaneous data and assets history for decisionmaking to internal and external asset auditors.
The drinking water crises of Flint and Havelock North: a failure of public health risk management
Authors: McLaren S. J. , Sahli M. W. , Selig S. , Masten S. J. , Page W. H.
Published: August 2022

Between 2014 and 2016, there were two severe community water system (CWS) failures in Flint, Michigan (MI), USA and Havelock North, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand. These events had profound implications for public health in their respective countries. While the nature of both crises was different, certain aspects of the failings were strikingly similar. These included: failure of authorities to protect the integrity of their source water,‘wait-and-see approach’ to address problems if and when they occurred,negligent approach to regulatory oversight and responsibility,substandard facilities and lack of knowledge and training of staff,failure of consultants and advisory services engaged by suppliers, andfailure of government agencies to enforce regulations.

The lessons from both incidents must be learned, or similar tragic events are likely to reoccur. The six principles identified in the Government Inquiry into the Havelock North outbreak are an essential first step. The next step is to implement them throughout the drinking water sector.
Use of fresh water over the long run measuring persistence
Authors: del Rio Marta , Infante Juan , Gil-Alana Luis A.
Published: August 2022

In this article, we carry out a study of the degree of persistence of a time series of data on freshwater use in the long term, using fractional integration or I(d) techniques. Using annual data from 1901 to 2014, we observe that the order of integration of the series is close to 1 if the errors are not correlated, and if they are correlated, then it is greater than 1. This shows that the series is highly persistent. On the other hand, we detect two structural breaks, one at 1951 and the other one at 1980. In these cases, we observe a reversion to the mean since the integration orders are much lower in the subsamples. This supports the hypothesis that when these breaks are not taken into account, there is an overestimation of the differentiation parameter, misspecifying the reversion to the mean of the data. The series also shows segmented trends with the higher time trend coefficient observed during the years 1951 and 1980.
Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy: A Potential Target for Metabolic
Diseases
Authors: Yang Ming , Luo Shilu , Chen Wei , Zhao Li , Wang Xi
Published: August 2022

Autophagy is the process by which cells selectively remove damaged organelles
or proteins. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a type of autophagy that
degrades proteins containing the KFERQ pentapeptide in cells. CMA can degrade damaged
or excess proteins and therefore plays an important role in maintaining protein balance
in cells. CMA can also play a regulatory role by degrading key proteins in life activities,
such as lipid and glucose metabolism. This review introduces the CMA process and
describes the current commonly used CMA detection methods. In addition, we describe
the role of CMA in glucose and lipid metabolism. Finally, we summarize the current role
of CMA in metabolic diseases such as diabetic nephropathy (DN), alcoholic liver disease
(ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and discuss the role of CMA as a
potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection and C1-Esterase Inhibitor: Camouflage Pattern and New Perspective
Authors: Alexiou Athanasios , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Al-kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Jalal Naif A. , Kabrah Saeed M
Published: August 2022

In Covid-19, the pathological effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection is arbitrated through direct viral toxicity, unusual immune response, endothelial dysfunction, deregulated renin-angiotensin system [RAS], and thrombo-inflammation, leading to acute lung injury (ALI), with a succession of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in critical conditions. C1 esterase inhibitor (C1INH) is a protease inhibitor that inhibits the spontaneous activation of complement and contact systems and kinin pathway, clotting, and fibrinolytic systems. Therefore, targeting the complement system through activation of C1INH might be a novel therapeutic modality in the treatment of Covid-19. Therefore, this study aims to illustrate the potential nexus between C1INH and the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. C1INH is highly dysregulated in Covid-19 due to inflammatory and coagulation disorders. C1INH is up-regulated in Covid-19 and sepsis as an acute phase response, but this increase is insufficient to block the activated complement system. In addition, the C1INH serum level predicts the development of ARDS in Covid-19 patients, as its up-regulation is associated with the development of cytokine storm. In Covid-19, C1INH might be inhibited or dysregulated by SARS-CoV-2, leading to propagation of complement system activation with subsequent uncontrolled immunological stimulation due to activation of bradykinin and FXII with sequential activation of coagulation cascades and polymerization of fibrin. Thus, suppression of C1INH by SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to thrombosis and excessive inflammation due to uncontrolled activation of complements and contact systems.
Bioactivities of Dietary Polyphenols and Their Effects on Intestinal
Microbiota
Authors: Cui Qinghua , Zhang Xiaoping , Shao Junjing , Ni Wenting , Yang Ying , Yan Beibei
Published: August 2022

The human gut is a complex but stable micro-ecosystem in which the intestinal microbiota
play a key role in human health, the health of the intestine and also affect the ability of the
host to metabolize nutrients. Intestinal microbiota can affect human physiological functions by
regulating host metabolism, immunity and intestinal barrier function. Dysbiosis in the intestinal
microbiota is a crucial stimulus for the development of various diseases, which is associated with
a variety of diseases in the body. The composition and function of intestinal microbiota depend on
the host’s physiological status, genetic makeup, dietary habits, age, and environment, which are
the risk factors for obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and tumors. Polyphenols are important
plant secondary metabolites with many physiological functions like anti-oxidation, antitumor,
bacteriostasis, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular prevention, and protection of liver and
kidney and so on. A large number of studies have confirmed the benefits of dietary polyphenols to
human health. Polyphenols and their associated metabolites affect intestinal health and the balance
of intestinal microbiota by stimulating the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting the
proliferation of pathogens. This review aims to update the current knowledge and highlight how
the bioactivities of polyphenols can modulate the intestinal microbiota and regulate the mechanisms
of the microbiota, providing a theoretical basis and reference for the scientific and overall
use of polyphenols to prevent and treat intestinal diseases and maintain human intestinal health.
Novel 5-fluoro-6-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(4-methylpiperazin-
1-yl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole Derivatives as Promising Urease Inhibitors
Authors: Moghadam Ebrahim Saeedian , Al-Sadi Abdullah Mohammed , Talebi Meysam , Amanlou Massoud , Stoll Raphael , Amini Mohsen , Abdel-Jalil Raid
Published: August 2022

Background:

Highly pathogenic bacteria colonize and maintain themselves with the aid of an
enzyme called urease. Consequently, inhibiting urease enzymes can be a promising method for preventing
ureolytic bacterial infections.

Objective:

This study aimed at synthesizing and screening a novel series of benzimidazole derivatives.

Methods:

Nine novel benzimidazole derivatives 10α-Ɣ were synthesized and isolated. Their structures
were elucidated by 1H-NMR and IR spectroscopic techniques besides HRMS. The urease inhibition activity
of these compounds was evaluated using the standard urease enzyme inhibition kit. An MTT assay
was performed on the NIH-3T3 cell line to investigate the cytotoxicity profile.

Results:

All benzimidazoles 10α-Ɣ exhibited higher urease inhibition activity (3.06–4.40 μM) than the
reference standards thiourea and hydroxyurea (IC50: 22 and 100 μM, respectively). 10Ɣ-1 and 10α-1 exhibited
the best activity with the IC50 values of 3.06 and 3.13 μM, respectively. Investigation of the cytotoxicity
profile of the target compound showed that all 10α-Ɣ have IC50 values higher than 50 μM on the
tested cell line.

Conclusion:

The results showed that synthesized benzimidazole derivatives could be highly effective as
urease inhibitors.
Sulfones of Pyridinyloxy-Substituted Imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazines: Synthesis, Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation In Vivo and Docking Studies
Authors: Slyvka Nataliia , Saliyeva Lesya , Holota Serhii , Khyluk Dmytro , Tkachuk Victor , Vovk Mykhailo
Published: August 2022

Background:

Heterocyclic sulfone-bearing small molecules are particularly important objects
in medicinal chemistry. Structure-diversified pyridinyloxy-substituted imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazines are
characterized by satisfactory drug-like parameters and possess significant anti-inflammatory effects in in
vivo studies.

Objective:

Oxidation of a series of 6-(2-pyridinyloxy) imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazines under the action of mchloroperbenzoic
acid with a view to anti-inflammatory activity enhancement and structure optimization.

Methods:

A series of appropriate sulfones was synthesized by the action of m-chloroperbenzoic acid on
6-[(pyridin-2-yl)oxy]-6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazines. The structure of the synthesized
products was confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, and LC-MS spectra. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was
studied using carrageenin model of inflammatory oedema on white rats. ADMET parameters of compounds
were evaluated in silico using AdmetSAR. For the most active compounds, docking studies to
COX-1,2, 5-LOX and FLAP were performed.

Results:

It was found that transformation to sulfones could be achieved by soft oxidation at room temperature
for 48 h using the 3-fold excess of oxidant in the presence of sodium hydrogen phosphate. Antiinflammatory
activity screening results revealed that all synthesized sulfones showed significant antiexudative
action with inflammation inhibition index in the range of 37.7 - 48.1%. The compound 2i was
found to be the most active in the experiment, and its activity was equal to the reference drug effect; it
also possesses satisfactory ADMET parameters and high energy of binding to 5-LOX and FLAP.

Conclusion:

The synthesized sulfone 2i is of interest for in-depth studies and further design of new potential
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.