bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP PEMBERIAN KESAKSIAN PALSU DI PERSIDANGAN DALAM PROSES PERADILAN PIDANA
Authors: Zain Muhammad Rizal M , Hafidin Slamet , Paruntu Sesti Selvia
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini menyajikan studi empiris dalam melakukan identifikasi adanya tindak pidana kelalaian yang mengakibatkan kematian berdasarkan pasal 359 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Penelitian berfokus untuk menganalisis dan memberikan deskripsi keabsahan terhadap pernyataan palsu seorang saksi di persidangan dalam proses peradilan pidana dan pertanggung jawaban terhadap saksi yang terbukti sebagai pemberi kesaksian palsu di persidangan dalam proses peradilan pidana. Saksi dapat diancam pada hukum pidana karena ia berada dibawah sumpah, apabila dalam memberikan keterangannya, seorang saksi memberikan keterangan yang tidak benar maka keterangan tersebut dianggap tidak sah atau tidak valid dan kemudian dapat dikenakan ancaman pidana sebagai tindak pidana keterangan palsu sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 242 KUHP. Metode penelitian ini memanfaatkan sumber data primer dan non tersier. Data primer berupa perundang-undangan, catatan-catatan resmi atau risalah dalam pembuatan undang-undang dan putusan-putusan hakim. Data non tersier berupa surat kabar, internet, kamus Hukum, dan kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia bahan hukum. Luaran penelitian ini berupa dokumen usulan yang dapat digunakan hakim untuk menilai keterangan saksi di persidangan yang diduga palsu serta memberikan masukkan bagi saksi dan masyarakat umum yang berpartisipasi dalam pengadilan untuk memberikan kesaksian sesuai dengan apa yang ia alami, ia dengar, dan ia lihat dengan sendiri dan tidak mengada-ada agar lebih menghormati proses jalannya persidangan.
Epigenetic Aberrancies as the Exclusive Driver of Oncogenic Amplifications
Authors:   Sahel Oncology and Orange Coast Medical Center of Hope, Newport Beach, California, USA, Nezami M
Published: November 2023

Three genetic mechanisms, including mutations, gene amplification, and chromosome rearrangements, have been recognized as drivers of oncogene activation in human neoplasms.
Rising Antimicrobial Resistance in Pakistan, a call for an urgent action
Authors: Rasheed Faisal , Almas Sameer
Published: November 2023

Madam,
Antibiotic resistance is a growing global concern. Pakistan is a developing nation in South Asia with a high rate of antibiotic resistance, posing a serious concern on a global and regional scale1
In Pakistan in recent years, both extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and multi-drug-resistant.
(MDR) microorganisms have been found2.From January 2017 to June 2021, a total of 14,360.
XDR-TF cases were reported in Karachi, according to the National Institute of Health (NIH) Islamabad's Weekly Field Epidemiological Report2.Only three antimicrobials: azithromycin, carbapenems, and tigecycline(parenteral) are effective against the XDR strains3. However, after Covid-19, the misuse of Azithromycin has increased manifold, which is worrisome. Pakistani public’s lack of awareness about the harms of antibiotic self-prescription and the widespread presence of quacks in the society has posed a great threat to rational use of antimicrobials4. According to a cross-sectional survey of pharmacy staff’s opinion ,approximately 81.5% of participants declared that dispensing non-prescribed antibiotics is a common practice in community pharmacies, and 51.1% considered themselves to be authorized to dispense these drugs5.
The chicken industry of Pakistan is excessively using important antimicrobials in their bird feed6. According to a surveillance survey done in 2019 in Pakistan; among the antimicrobials used for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes in animals; colistin, tylosin, enrofloxacin, and doxycycline were the most frequently used6.This calls for an urgent action in Pakistan to prevent a public health crisis. It is a dire need of the hour to implement the National Drug Policy (NDP) of Pakistan. There should be a national action plan on how to curb this menace of the misuse of therapeutically important antimicrobials in Pakistan. Special units should be devised by Drug regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP) and The Ministry of Health (MoH) to rein back those chemist stores involved in selling of prescription only antimicrobials without the advice of a medical doctor. These teams should catch quacks working in all provinces of Pakistan. Quackery should be made illegal. The sale of large flocks of antimicrobials to animal keepers and broiler industry people should be immediately stopped and the involved people should be fined and their licenses cancelled. Talks and sessions should be held in schools, colleges and public places about the correct use of antibiotics. A medical doctor’s stamp with a registration number should be mentioned on each prescription of an antimicrobial.
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Relationship between Genetic Variant of OXTR (rs53576) and MTNR1B (rs1387153) and Symptoms of Psychological Stress in Females with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Abid Fatima , Ahmed Sadaf , Noushad Shamoon , Farhat Sabah , Fatima Syeda Sadia
Published: November 2023

Objective: To assess the association of oxytocin receptor (rs53576) and melatonin hormone receptor 1B (rs1387153) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with psychological symptoms in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Method: The case-control study was conducted from May 1 to June 1, 2022, at the Department of Physiology, University of Karachi, in collaboration with the Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Fifty gestational diabetic pregnant women (group A), and ninety healthy pregnant women (control group B) were recruited. Sanger sequencing was performed to assess the genotypic frequency and polymorphic variation of all subjects. Perceived stress scale and diabetes-related distress scale were used to assess the stress levels. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: Of the 140 subjects, 90 (64.3%) were controls with mean age 24.96±4.35 years, and 50 (35.7%) were cases with mean age 28.78±5.25 (p<0.05). Mean body weight and mean gestational age were not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). Melatonin hormone receptor 1B rs1387153 frequency was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). Among the cases, a significant mean difference for regimen distress scores between AA and GG was observed for oxytocin receptor rs53576 (p=0.04). A significant mean difference in sum of PSS, diabetes-related stress, total diabetes-related stress and emotional distress was noted between CC and TT genotypes for melatonin hormone receptor 1B rs1387153 (p=0.001).
Conclusion: MTNR1B rs1387153 genotypes were associated with perceived stress, diabetes-related stress, diabetic distress, and emotional burden, while OXTR rs53576 genotypes were associated with regimen distress in GDM women.
Key Words: Diabetes, Distress, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Genotypes, Stress, Psychological stress, Pregnancy.
Clinical significance of dermal backflow on lymphoscintigraphy in patients with lower limb edema
Authors: Areej Aijaz  , Tanzil Sajid  , Aamna Hassan
Published: November 2023

Chronic blockage of the lymphatic system due to functional or anatomical causes results in lymphoedema which results inswelling due to accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the soft tissue. Lymphoedema commonly affects the upper and lowerlimbs but may be seen in the neck, chest wall, abdomen and genitalia. Lymphoscintigraphy is non-invasive and maps thelymphatic channels thereby indicating location of blockage along the lymphatic pathways. Blockage of lymphatic channelsmay lead to back pressure resulting in dermal backflow. We present a case of dermal backflow in bilateral lymphoedema.Keywords: lymphoscintigraphy, dermal backflow, lymphedema
Task oriented training for Stroke Rehabilitation: A mini review
Authors: Ayesha Afridi  , Arshad Nawaz Malik  , Farooq Azam Rathore
Published: November 2023

Stroke is the leading global cause of death and disability and the need for stroke rehabilitation services in increasing. The usual stroke rehabilitation protocol involves a combination of therapeutic exercises, occupational therapy, speech therapy and counselling sessions depending upon the severity of the deficit and associated co-morbidities. However, there is a need for better protocols and new therapies for improving outcomes after stroke rehabilitation. The term 'task-oriented training' (TOT) refers to guided rehabilitation training of patients' limb function using goal oriented tasks, which can be used to enhance neuroplasticity in brain after injury. Task oriented training could be modified with action selection and environmental enrichment to fulfill the limitations of stroke like, holistic approach, outcome/goal based intervention, proper dosage for desirable outcomes. This mini review provides an overview of the TOT and to identify gaps and challenges in stroke rehabilitation related to integrating TOT.
Keywords: Stroke, Rehabilitation, holistic approach, task oriented training.
The breastfeeding effect on the tear film of women: an observational study
Authors: Alanazi Mana Alafri , El-Hiti Gamal Abdel-Rahman , Alshamrani Amjad Ali , Baashen Mashaaer Abdulwahhab , Fagehi Raied , Masmali Ali Mohammed
Published: November 2023

Objective: To assess the tear film parameters in breastfeeding women.
Method: The observational study was conducted at the College of Applied Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from December 15, 2021, to February 12, 2022, and comprised healthy women aged 18-40 years who had no ocular diseases. Breastfeeding women were in group A and non-breastfeeding women formed the control group B. Ocular surface disease index, phenol red thread, and tear ferning tests were used in that order to assess the tear film for all the subjects. A gap of 5 minutes was allowed between phenol red thread and tear ferning tests. Data was analysed using SPSS, version 22.
Results: Of the 50 subjects, 25(50%) were in group A with mean age 30.4 ± 5.9 years having a mean breastfeeding period of 5.4±5.0 months. The remaining 25(50%) women were in group B with mean age 28.5±2.1 years. Significant differences were found between the groups for ocular surface disease index, phenol red thread, and tear ferning (p<0.05). Significant moderate correlation was found between tear ferning grades and breastfeeding duration (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Breastfeeding was found to increase dry eye symptoms in women.
Key Words: Dry eye, Tear film, Tear ferning test, Breastfeeding, Risk factor.
Utilization of the complete blood count in diagnosing endemic diseases in Pakistan
Authors: Khalid Noor , Umer Muhammad
Published: November 2023

Numerous infectious diseases, including enteric fever, malaria, dengue fever, and, most recently, coronavirus disease-2019, are prevalent in Pakistan. All these diseases have overlapping clinical symptoms and can present a diagnostic challenge for the general practitioner. Since definitive testing for these disorders is time-consuming and expensive, basic clinical testing, such as a complete blood count, should be utilised to supplement clinical diagnosis, when possible. The current narrative review was planned to present specific alterations in haematological parameters for each of these disorders. The review was intended as a guide for practising physicians in their decision-making.
Key Words: Complete blood count, Typhoid fever, Malaria, Dengue, COVID-19.
Ogilvie syndrome secondary due to underlying hypokalaemia and anticholinergics: case report and brief review of the literature
Authors: Iftikhar Namirah , Muhammad Osama Rehman Khalid  , Uzma Ghori
Published: November 2023

Ogilvie's syndrome is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition characterised by massive dilation of the colon without a mechanical obstruction. It typically affects older adults and those with underlying medical conditions, such as neurological or cardiovascular diseases, and may result in severe complications such as perforation or sepsis. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and radiological studies, and treatment involves a combination of conservative measures, such as bowel rest and pharmacological agents, and interventional procedures, such as endoscopic decompression or surgery.
Here we present the case of a 67 year old male who presented with Ogilvie’s syndrome after changes in his antipsychotic medications. He was given laxatives which led to persistent hypokalemia contributing to worsening distention. This case report highlights the important aspects in management such as cautious use of secretory laxatives (causing worsening Hypokalemia) and combination of motility agents in pseudo colonic obstruction.
Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome diagnosed incidentally: a case report
Authors: Fatima Nazish , Kiran Zareen , Shabbir Khalil Ullah , Baloch Akhtar Ali
Published: November 2023

Persistent Müllerian Duct syndrome is a rare male disorder of sexual development. The phenotypically and genotypically male patient presents with female internal organs (i.e., uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes and upper part of vagina) due to deficiency of anti-mullerian hormone or insensitivity of tissues to Anti Mullerian Hormone.
We present a 19 year old male who came with complaint of right iliac fossa pain. He was investigated for acute appendicitis and on imaging, he was diagnosed to have bilateral cryptorchidism with rudimentary uterus. Computed tomography followed by pelvic ultrasonography was done which indicated two testes in abdomen and a soft tissue density structure, identified as a rudimentary uterus located posterior to the urinary bladder. CT scan findings were further confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging pelvis. A trial of stepwise orchidopexy followed by orchidectomy with removal of rudimentary uterus was performed laparoscopically.
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"Stem Cells in Urology: A Promising Development for the Treatment of Urological Disorders"
Authors: Shah Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Madam,
It was fascinating to read the latest research published in the Journal of Pakistan Medical Association (JPMA) on the utilisation of stem cells in urology. The study had some amazing findings, and I believe it has the power to revolutionise the treatment of urological disorders.1
Recent advances in stem cell research have opened new possibilities for treating various urological conditions. For example, findings  have shown that stem cells can be used to promote tissue regeneration and repair in patients with urinary incontinence or erectile dysfunction.2 Additionally, stem cells can  regenerate damaged renal tissue,  offering the latest  treatment options for patients with kidney disease.4
Apromising area of research includes use of  mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to treat urological conditions. MSCs are multipotent cells that can specify into various cell types, including muscles, bones, and cartilage. They have been shown to up level the symptoms and improve quality of life in patients with urinary incontinence,They may also be very effective in treating a variety of urological conditions.2
One more area of research entails the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in urology. iPSCs are reprogrammed from adult cells, like skin cells, into an embryonic-like state. They are differentiated into various cell types, making them a potentially important tool for regenerative medicine. Research has shown that iPSCs can be used to produce functional urothelial cells, which line the urinary tract and play a major role in bladder function.5
Overall, stem cell research in urology is a developing area that shows promise.  It offers new treatment varieties for patients with urological conditions and has the potential to improve their quality of life. I strongly believe that this research will be of great interest to clinicians and researchers in this urology field, and I look forward to seeing further more developments in this exciting area of medicine.
It is also  important to note that further research is strongly needed to fully explore the potential of stem cells in urology. This includes examining the long-term safety standards and efficacy of stem cell therapy, as well as identifying the optimal stem cell sources and delivery methods for variety of urological conditions. I strongly believe that ongoing research will continue to shed light on these important questions.
The Potential Weight Loss Benefits of Tirzepatide: A Double-edged Sword?
Authors: Nasim Muhammad Taha , Ali Ayesha , Nasim Muhammad Tabish
Published: November 2023

Madam,
Tirzepatide, also known as Mounjaro, has become increasingly popular among diabetic patients due to its potential to aid in weight loss. However, with the growing demand for this medication for its weight-loss benefits, there are apprehensions that it may soon become scarce.
Tirzepatide, a dual Glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonistis an injectable synthetic peptide with glucose-lowering effects.(1) It stimulates first- and second-phase insulin secretion, and reduce glucagon levels.
Since its approval by the FDA in late 2021, Tirzepatide has become increasingly popular among diabetic patients as it has reported a mean decrease of 1.53% in patients' HbA1C levels in the first 40 weeks of use, which is higher than other drugs available in the market(1,2). Many patients also reported significant weight loss after starting the medication, which has led to increased demand for the drug.
While this drug is yet to be approved by FDA for weight loss, it is expected that it will be approved for weight loss by mid of 2023. Despite that,  some doctors already e  off-label as a weight loss drug in people not suffering from Diabetes(3). This can lead to an increased demand for the drug as seen earlier in the case of Ozempic (semaglutide) in 2022 leading to an acute shortage (4). Pharmacies are already reporting low supplies of Tirzepatide, and some patients are facing trouble in getting their prescriptions filled(5).
For diabetic patients who are relying on Tirzepatide to manage their blood glucose levels and promote weight loss, this shortage could have serious consequences. Patients who are unable to acquire the drug may be forced to switch to other medications or try alternative treatments, which may not be as effective.
In conclusion, the recent surge in demand for Tirzepatide has led to concerns about a potential shortage of the medication. While the drug has shown promise in helping diabetic patients improve glycemic control and promote weight loss, patients need to have access to the medication when they need it. To help mitigate the shortage of Tirzepatide, some experts are calling for increased production of the drug and improved distribution channels to ensure that patients can continue to benefit from this promising treatment option.
Calamity of secondary Dengue Virus followed by climatic changes
Authors: Abid Laiba , Ahmed Shaikh Muhammah , Memon Usama Abdul Ahad
Published: November 2023

Madam,
This is to bring your attention to a long-standing issue despite several activities devised to curb it. Being aware of the effect of drastic climatic changes, developing countries like Pakistan should remain alert about the emergence of infectious outbreaks. The stagnant water after heavy rainfall and flood is a ground for the breeding of dengue vector called Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The virus is transmitted from one person to another through these mosquitoes. Lately, the surge in the cases of dengue virus was due to massive flooding in Pakistan in 2022. A total of 25932 cases were reported and 62 deaths were recorded during the dengue outbreak during the flood crisis of 2022[1].
Dengue virus comprises of four serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4. A person infected by a distinct serotype of the virus gains immunity against it and future infection by the same DENV will not affect the person’s health but infection by a heterogenous serotype causes secondary infection in the form of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Expansive capillary leakage in DHF due to an increase in the permeability of blood vessels can turn on a shock state called DSS. This deprivation of blood to highly functional organs like the brain, kidney, and heart puts them at risk of multi-organ failure [2]. The seasonal surge of secondary infection puts a burden on hospitals as the patient requires vigilant inpatient hospital care. The patient's health deteriorates further because of self-treatment at home with local herbs and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs [3].
As modern medicine is focused more on prevention than treatment, the need for the approval of the use of the dengue vaccine on high-risk individuals in an endemic country like Pakistan should be considered. The DENGVAXIA is a well-tolerated vaccine protecting against all the serotypes and is approved for use in individuals 9 to 45 years who are previously infected by the dengue virus in the past. [4] The vaccine will restrain the rise in DHF and DSS cases as it is for high-risk individuals who are already infected in the past thus curbing the incidence of secondary infection. Many endemic countries like the Philippines and Brazil have already taken a step against secondary dengue by granting the license of DENGVAXIA [5]. As Pakistan is developing country, approving the license for DENGVAXIA should be considered.
Hyftor – An emerging therapy for Facial Angiofibromas: A letter to the editor
Authors: Zulfi Muhammad Hassan , Zainab Abbas  , Elahi Sana Jilani
Published: November 2023

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease caused by a deactivating mutation in one of the two tumour suppressor genes, TSC1 or TSC2.1,2 These mutations can lead to hyperactivation of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway, which in turn mediates cellular growth and proliferation.  As the mTOR pathway is usually responsible for stimulating the synthesis of protein, cells' survival, and cell cycle progression.1,3 This causes the formation of multiple benign non-invasive tumours, called hamartoma, in different body tissues and organs.1,3
Facial Angiofibroma (FA) is the most prevalent skin manifestation of TSC.4 These are multiple, erythematous, small hamartomatous papules of around 1 to 3 mm in size formed by the excessive production of skin cells coupled with angiogenesis.3,4 The most classical sites of occurrence include the center of the face, alar grooves, cheeks, nose, and chin.3 FA has increased chances of bleeding; it can damage the eyesight and can cause psychological distress due to aesthetic disfiguration.4
Physical removal of FA is associated with pain, hyperpigmentation, scarring, bleeding, and recurrence of the lesions.4 Therefore, recently, on March 22, 2022, the FDA approved the topical use of Hyftor (Sirolimus, also known as Rapamycin mTOR inhibitor) for the treatment of FA.5
Hyftor has earned its position as the most appropriate treatment for FA in TSC due to its anti-tumour, anti-angiogenic and immunosuppressive properties, which highly favours this drug’s effectiveness and safety profile.1 It binds to the FK-binding protein-12 (FKBP-12), which in turn impedes the hyperactivity of mTOR, eventually causing the down-regulation of cellular growth. It also reduces levels of vascular endothelial growth factor levels depriving the tumour cells of their blood supply. Furthermore, it also halts the progression and proliferation of the cell cycle by blocking the response of T and B cell activation by cytokines.3
Long-term serious systematic side effects of mTOR inhibitors were overcome by the topical formulation of sirolimus.3,4 All concentrations of this drug are very well-tolerated with minor adverse effects, which include dry skin, application site irritation, burning sensation, and pruritis.3
Hyftor has proven to be a practical therapeutic innovation in the medical field due to its high specificity for mTOR and meager adverse effects profile. However, this drug requires additional large population-based studies and trials to substantiate further its efficacy and safety in patients with FA.
Betamethasone and vision loss: An alarming side effect!
Authors: Anis Muhammad Wajeeh , Mansoor Mina , Younus Mohammad Ijlal
Published: November 2023

Madam,
Betamethasone is a potent steroid medication with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties, and it is frequently prescribed in Pakistan for conditions such as eczema, psoriasis and contact dermatitis due to its availability and affordability. However, it has significant adverse effects such as skin atrophy, striae and other cutaneous symptoms, and glaucoma.[1] Glaucoma is a severe condition characterized by pathologic elevation in intraocular pressure, leading to optic nerve damage and irreversible blindness.
As highlighted by Sahni et al. topical steroid use in the periorbital area for an extended peri, for treating eczema can lead to detrimental visual problems and glaucoma [2]. In this case, a woman taking high dose topical steroids since the age of 16 started to develop frequent falls and blurring of vision. She had markedly elevated intraocular pressures and extensive peripheral visual field loss, consistent with advanced glaucoma. In addition to the study above Charles et al. also published a case report about a 43-year-old male who used betamethasone ointment on his body for eight months straight. Although he had precisely denied using the ointment near his eyes, he developed painless vision loss in his left eye due to glaucoma.[3] 
Additionally, a 2017 study highlighted a significant rise of vision impairment in Pakistan, an increase of 55% since 1990, with glaucoma prevalent in 0.14 million individuals, and eye diseases to further increase by 2025.[4] Consequently, this medication, which is being discontinued around the world, is still frequently used in Pakistan. Through this manuscript, I would like to bring this serious issue to light so that people in Pakistan can also be educated and protected from this serious side effect. Healthcare practitioners should strictly be avoiding this medication and using less harmful alternatives.
Newest and most promising Type 1 Diabetes treatment
Authors: Umm E Salma Banatwala  , Rayaan Imran  , Muhammad Usman Taufiq
Published: November 2023

Dear Madam,
According to the International Diabetes Federation, Pakistan has the highest diabetes prevalence in the world (1).Ttype 1 diabetes (T1DM), a chronic condition where the pancreas makes little or no insulin. Despite extensive research, cure for T1DM has not been found. Typical treatment uses insulin injections, diet modifications, and exercise to manage blood sugar. This letter concisely explains  the latest treatments for T1DM.
Conventionally, exogenic insulin substitution was done by testing blood sugar levels after finger pricking. However, modern treatments include automated glucose monitoring technology and insulin pumps.
Since T1DM is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of B-cells, the replacement of B-cells using allogeneic solid organ pancreas or islet transplantation treats the disease (2). However, this treatment requires lifelong immunosuppression drugs, that could lead to severe infections or nephrotoxicity. Other approaches include targeting T-cells, B-cells, or specific single antigens of which limitations range from side effects due to cytokine storm or inability to identify the key antigen. Even though immunotherapies further refined targeted inflammatory pathways, there is a lack of evidence as to if they can restore immune tolerance. On the other hand, therapies targeting cell-intrinsic metabolism may enhance B-cell survival but may result in B-cell dysfunction (2).
Given the grim situation of current T1DM treatments, the artificial pancreas is revolutionary. Specific hybrid artificial pancreas required the patient to count the carbohydrates consumed at mealtime. The modern system uses continuous glucose monitoring technology (a sensor inserted under the skin), delivering insulin via the infusion pump according to the blood glucose level.
The modern MiniMed 780G artificial pancreas is the first insulin delivery system to automatically administer bolus correction insulin dosage every 5 minutes and adjust insulin doses based on glucose levels. This technology can rectify insufficient or skipped pre-meal dosages by providing extra insulin.
A study of 4120 780G users reported that outcomes matched the recommended goals by the American Diabetes Association’s Standards while commending its ability to achieve low variability in glycemic controls (3). Another prospective study published in 2023 concluded that switching to the 780G improves the restoration of hypoglycemia awareness and metabolic control(4). One notable side effect of this system is localized skin infection(5).
In conclusion, treatment options for T1DM are ever-growing. The artificial pancreas shows promising results with milder side effects compared to other treatments. Further advancements are integral.
Analysis of the Implementation of E-Learning in Melajah.id Using Human Organization Technology (HOT) Fit Model
Authors: Pradhana Gusti Komang , Dantes Gede Rasben , Divayana Dewa Gede Hendra
Published: November 2023

This research is motivated by the absence of prior analysis on the success level of implementing Melajah.id e-learning and the performance analysis of the e-learning platform from the perspective of human, organizational, and technological support aspects. Therefore, the existence of this scholarly research is considered necessary as a consideration for stakeholders involved in the policy-making for the development of educational service quality in vocational schools. The purpose of this research is to assess the performance and success level of the implementation of the Melajah.id e-learning platform in use at SMK Negeri 3 Tabanan. For the indicators of the human variable, they include: (a) System Use and (b) User Satisfaction. For the indicators of the organizational variable, they include: (a) Organization Structure and (b) Organization Environment. As for the indicators of the technology variable, they encompass: (a) System Quality, (b) Information Quality, and (c) Service Quality. Data collection for the research was conducted through the distribution of online questionnaires using Google Forms, while supplementary data was obtained through observation and interviews to gather information that could not be revealed through questionnaires. Subsequently, the data analysis approach used to measure the success and performance of the e-learning system implementation was linear regression analysis as the quantitative method. Furthermore, qualitative data analysis was performed through content analysis of interview scripts and interpretation of observational data (photos and videos). The combination of the results from quantitative and qualitative analyses served as the basis for drawing conclusions and making recommendations regarding the analysis of the success of the Melajah.id e-learning implementation in the vocational school where the research was conducted.
Influence of Organizational Culture, Motivation, and Leadership on the Performance of Palembang High Court Employees
Authors: Asmawati Asmawati , Rahayu Sri , Choiriyah Choriyah
Published: November 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of organizational culture, motivation, and leadership on the performance of Palembang High Court employees. To determine the effect of organizational culture on the performance. To determine the effect of motivation on the performance and the influence of leadership on the performance. This type of research is associative. The sample in this study was 155 respondents with a technique in collecting samples using the cluster random sampling technique. The data used in this study are primary, namely the number of respondents, agency profiles, and secondary data collection methods, namely the questionnaire. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The study results show that: (1) There is a positive and significant influence of organizational culture, motivation, and leadership on the performance of Palembang High Court employees. (2) Organizational culture has a positive and significant influence on performance. (3) Motivation has a positive and significant effect on the. (4) There is no positive and significant influence of organizational culture, motivation, and leadership on the performance of Palembang High Court employees. (2) Organizational culture has a positive and significant influence on performance. (3) Motivation has a positive and significant effect on the. (4) There is no positive and significant influence of organizational culture, motivation, and leadership on performance (2) There is a positive and significant influence of organizational culture on the performance of Palembang High Court employees. (3) Motivation has a positive and significant effect on performance (4) There is no positive and significant influence of organizational culture, motivation, and leadership on the performance of Palembang High Court employees.
Effect of Public Debt on Poverty and Economic Growth of Nigeria (1981-2019)
Authors: Babatunde TAIWO Abdulqodir , Oluwafemi KAREEM Rasaki , Tunde ADENIJI Quadri , Olawale ASHIRU Lukman
Published: November 2023

The research in focus aimed to investigate the interplay between public debt, poverty, and economic growth in Nigeria during the period spanning from 1981 to 2019. The specific objective was to assess the relationship between these variables within the Nigerian context during this timeframe. To conduct this analysis, time series data were employed, sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria’s annual statistical bulletin and World Bank development indicators. Initially, unit root tests, such as the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Philip Perron (PP) tests, were executed to establish the stationarity of the variables. These tests indicated that, in model one, all variables exhibited stationarity at order one (1) and order zero (0), whereas in model two, all variables were stationary at order one (1). Subsequently, the Auto Regressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) was employed to conduct short-run analysis and reveal the long-run coefficients in model one. In model two, the Error Correction Model (ECM) was utilized to investigate the data and assess the speed of adjustment from the short run to the long-run equilibrium state. The Granger causality test was also applied to determine causality relationships among the variables and to discern the direction of causality. The findings of this study indicate that external debt exhibited a negative impact in the short run but a positive impact in the long run on the Nigerian economy during the study period. Additionally, there was evidence of unidirectional causality between external debt and economic growth. Conversely, domestic debt exerted a negative influence on both short and long-term economic performance in Nigeria, with unidirectional causality established between domestic debt and economic growth. In light of these conclusions, the study recommends the implementation of effective debt management strategies by the government, especially concerning loan repayment. It is also suggested that loans acquired should be promptly channeled into viable investments aimed at enhancing the welfare of the populace and overall economic improvement.
The effect of ageing on the properties of adipose-derived stem cells. Literature review
Authors: Kyryk Vitalii , Ustymenko Alina , Tsupykov Oleg
Published: November 2023

The review analyses modern scientific research on the impact of adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing on the morphofunctional characteristics of adipose-derived stem cells.
Ageing in the body is accompanied by dysfunction in all tissues and organs, including adipose tissue, where changes in stem cells and their niche are associated with chronic systemic inflammation and metabolic disorders. Changes in stem cells induced by ageing-associated pathologies can affect both the effectiveness of endogenous tissue repair and the functional characteristics of the cell product.
Increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a decrease in the production of anti-inflammatory mediators and growth factors, accompanied by enhanced cellular infiltration, characterised as a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP impact the potential of adipose-derived stem cells for proliferation, differentiation, signalling and even inducing apoptosis in recipient tissue after transplantation.
The establishing characteristics of senescent cell cultures will provide new insights into the mechanisms of ageing and identify promising directions for its correction, including the clinical application of cell technologies. Special attention should be given to developing new approaches to assessing not only the quality and safety of cell products but also the functional state of niches in the recipient's body, which will represent a new strategy in personalized regenerative medicine.
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Keywords: adipose-derived stem cells; multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells; cell differentiation; cell therapy; ageing
The Effect of Physical Activity on Mental Well-being among College Students
Authors: Damaris Agnetta
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between physical activity and mental well-being among college students.

Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.

Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the effect of physical activity on mental well-being among college students. Preliminary empirical reviews revealed that engaging in a structured physical activity program on campus positively influenced mental well-being among college students. Concerns about privacy, information security, and access to social media platforms were identified in some universities in the region. Positive attitudes towards physical activities to curb anxiety and stress were found in most of the studies reviewed.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Self-Determination Theory (SDT), Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and Flow Theory by may be used to anchor future studies on the effect of physical activity on mental well-being among college students.  Promoting and supporting regular physical activity among college students, incorporating social support and enhancing self-efficacy beliefs to maximize the mental health benefits, considering gender-specific approaches, and designing campus-based physical activity interventions should be taken into consideration. Implementing these recommendations can effectively promote mental well-being among college students, emphasizing the importance of physical activity as a strategy to support their psychological health and well-being.

Keywords: Physical Activity, Mental Well-Being, College Students, Health, Psychological Health
ANÁLISE DO PROJETO DE RESORT NA APA DE MARICÁ:
Authors: Santos Carraco Camille , Fragoso Navarro Garcia Gabriel , Do Espírito Santo de Oliveira Júlia , de Oliveira Teixeira Bruna , Alves Veiga Inara , De Souza Pimentel Douglas
Published: November 2023

A Área de Proteção Ambiental de Maricá (APAMAR) é uma Unidade de Conservação de Uso Sustentável que abriga, além de um ecossistema de restinga, duas populações tradicionais: a comunidade pesqueira de Zacarias e a comunidade indígena guarani Aldeia Mata Verde Bonita. A APAMAR é palco de uma disputa territorial que envolve grupos a favor e contra a construção do Complexo Turístico-Residencial Fazenda São Bento da Lagoa. O objetivo foi investigar o Relatório de Impactos Ambientais (RIMA) do empreendimento, analisando os impactos ambientais relacionados no documento. Para isso, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados ressaltam impactos positivos relacionados à preservação, conservação e ao lazer, mas os impactos negativos são apresentados de forma genérica. Além disso, parecem negligenciar a comunidade indígena, levantando questões sobre sua possível remoção. As informações sobre os impactos ambientais do projeto são confusas, podendo levar a interpretações equivocadas. O projeto retrata a APA como degradada, enfatizando suas ações como solução para a sua recuperação ambiental.
JUDICIALIZACIÓN DE LA PENA PRIVATIVA DE LA LIBERTAD EN EL SISTEMA PENAL ACUSATORIO PANAMEÑO
Authors: Peñalba Luis Gabriel
Published: November 2023

El tema se enfoca en el análisis sobre la judicialización de la pena privativa de la libertad como última etapa en el proceso penal, instaurado a partir de una nueva creación, la cual fue el Sistema Penal Acusatorio en el país.  Se relaciona con el vínculo que se reconoce entre un proceso de justicia, que toma decisiones y dicta sentencias sostenidas por etapas de investigación y comprobación, y la ejecución de lo juzgado que sobreviene a todo el proceso, que no puede sustraerse de la responsabilidad de completar el proceso penal, hasta que concluya el término que la misma sentencia ha dictaminado. Este enfoque del proceso penal se ha modificado notablemente en esta última etapa, pues esa responsabilidad de completar el proceso penal se dejaba en manos de la administración del sistema penitenciario y, ahora, pertenece al mismo sistema judicial, con la presencia del Juez de Cumplimiento. La presente investigación se enfoca en una metodología cualitativa, descriptiva no experimental con una población de diecinueve (19) participantes conformada por Fiscales, Abogados particulares, Abogados de la defensa pública y jueces, permitiendo concluir que la implementación del Sistema Penal Acusatorio en Panamá, representa un cambio sustantivo en el orden y seguimiento de los procesos judiciales, estableciendo las diversas fases que dividen y ordenan la secuencia de las investigaciones, con sus pruebas, juicio oral, sentencia y ejecución de la sentencia, que llegó para agilizar y reorganizar un sistema arcaico en base a las reformas judiciales y lento en la instauración de un juicio para el dictamen del plazo condenatorio.
FACTORES QUE INTERVIENEN EN LAS ACTIVIDADES DE LAS ASOCIACIONES DE PESCADORES ARTESANALES EN EL SUR DE SONÁ, VERAGUAS
Authors: Barsallo Felipe Tomás , González Juan de Dios
Published: November 2023

Estudio descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, que aborda los aspectos generales de las asociaciones de pescadores del distrito de Soná, dentro del área de las empresas dedicadas a la pesca artesanal. Se analiza el desarrollo de la actividad y su rendimiento económico, para la comprensión de la forma en que se logra permanencia y eficiencia en el mercado. Para la obtención de datos, se utilizó una encuesta validada por expertos. Los resultados indican que la mayoría de los sujetos de estudio cuentan con formación primaria y secundaria básica (95% aproximadamente), en un 75% se dedican a la pesca y su distribución, sin embargo, se genera ingreso con otras actividades afines, el tiempo de renovación de los equipos se extiende hasta entre 9 a 15 años (75%), se capitaliza en 66.3% y se distribuyen dividendos en un 75%. Se concluye que a pesar de la extensión de la vida útil de las embarcaciones y sus motores, lo cual, puede afectar el funcionamiento como medios imprescindibles en el desarrollo de la actividad y largo periodo de renovación de los mismos, hasta ahora las agrupaciones pesqueras artesanales han podido mantener la actividad, sin embargo, es necesario fortalecer las políticas orientadas al mantenimiento y desarrollo que se traduzcan en la reducción de esfuerzos y la necesidad de extender la vida útil de los equipos, aumentando la capacidad de aporte al consumidor y a la sociedad en general.
Hieratic
Authors: Verhoeven Ursula
Published: November 2023

Hieratic is the name given to Egypt's oldest cursive system of hieroglyphs, which was used primarily as handwriting and served as a multifunctional script for more than three millennia, until the third century CE. As early as 1820, Champollion recognized the connection between hieroglyphs and hieratic. Hieratic was written in ink on papyrus and ostraca, as well as on wooden tablets, linen, stone surfaces, etc. The characters could also be carved or chiseled into clay, wood, rock surfaces, or stone objects. Unlike hieroglyphs, hieratic was always written from right to left, and the signs evolved from separate elements in single columns to horizontal lines of complete text, with increasing use of ligatures and abbreviations, especially in administrative contexts. In addition, most manuscripts reveal personal idiosyncrasies of the scribes. From 750 BCE on, hieratic was partially replaced by the abnormal hieratic script and later by Demotic. However, it remained in use until Roman times, primarily for ritual, funerary, and scientific texts. Increasingly enhanced by digital methods, the study of hieratic is based on paleographic analysis and comparison, which aid our understanding of the texts and allow us to date a manuscript or identify an individual scribe. Writing practices, the social milieu of scribes, and the various scripts, text genres, and modes of transmission have become current research topics. In addition, the discovery, decipherment, adequate documentation, and interpretation of other testimonies to hieratic writing are of interest.
Adapting the Survey of Technological Pedagogical STEM Knowledge to the Turkish Language and Determining the Knowledge of Pre-service and In-service Teachers
Authors: GÜNGÖR Aynur , KÖSE Mücahit
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to adapt a survey developed by Chai et al. (2019) on technological pedagogical STEM (TP-STEM) knowledge into Turkish and to determine the knowledge of pre-service and in-service teachers about TP-STEM. The original survey consisted of four factors and a total of 17 items. These factors included Technological Pedagogical Knowledge in Science (TPSK), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge in Mathematics (TPMK), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge in Engineering (TPEK), and Integrative STEM (iSTEM) knowledge. The participants of the study were 520 pre-service and in-service teachers. The analysis showed that the model fit indices for the validity of the factor structures were acceptable with a value of RMSEA=0.0621 and showed excellent agreement with the values SRMR=0.0346, CFI =0.961, TLI=0.953. The Cronbach's alpha values for the factors ranged from 0.80 to 0.84 (α-value .70). These results mean that the survey adapted to Turkish language was reliable and valid for further research. The results showed that pre-service and in-service mathematics teachers had lower self-efficacy on the subfactors (TPSK, TPMK, TPEK, and iSTEM) than pre-service and in-service science and computer teachers.