bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of urban solid waste in municipalities monitored by the 17th Cia PM Ind MAT
Authors: Soares Maximiliano Silva , Fernandes Luiz Flávio Reis
Published: September 2019

Established by 12.305/2010 law, the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) created mechanismsand established the general guidelines for all public and private entities responsible for solid wastemanagement to perform their activities in an integrated and complementary way. The municipalities,due to their constitutional responsibilities, oversaw most of the expected charges. With the objectiveof diagnosing the current situation of urban solid waste management in the 72 municipalities locatedin the area of activity of the 17th Independent Military Police Company for the Environment and Traffic(17ª Cia. PM Ind MAT), the research was carried out through structured questionnaires answeredby military environmental police officers and municipal managers. The results indicate that, in mostof them, the actions and instruments of the PNRS are not being applied and, in some of thesemunicipalities, final disposal of wastes, even after the legal deadlines, continues being carried out inan environmentally inadequate way.Keywords: Environmental regulation. Inspection. Environmental police.
Summary
Authors: Agrogeoambiental Revista
Published: September 2019

Summary
A sustainability analysis of the exploitation of the baru almond (Dipteryx alata Vogel) in the Brazilian Savanna
Authors: Magalhaes Rogerio Marcos
Published: September 2019

This article seeks to discuss the results of a survey that sought to identify, by means of indicators and social-economic information, if the exploitation of the baru nut (Dipteryx alata Vogel) - a Brazilian species from the savanna - represents a sustainable alternative to generate income for family farmers in Goias and the Federal District. The results showed that, under the current circumstances, the baru extrativism done by family farmers isn’t a sustainable income generation activity. This result considers the premise that for an activity to be sustainable, it needs to show equilibrium among the various factors of sustainability. The obstacles that the family farmers of the baru nut production chain face may be prejudicial to the proper exploitation of the nut, which could compromise the sustainability of the activity as a whole.
A JUSTIÇA É TAMBÉM POLÍTICA: A PARTICIPAÇÃO DOS JUÍZES DE PERNAMBUCO NA FORMAÇÃO DO ESTADO BRASILEIRO (1835-1871)
Authors: Do Nascimento Alexsandro Ribeiro
Published: September 2019

RESUMO. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar a participação de alguns juízes pernambucanos na formação do estado do Brasil desde o período regencial até a Reforma Judiciária de 1871. O debate sobre a atuação desses magistrados é importante para compreender o funcionamento das instituições políticas, uma vez que estes poderiam acumular cargos no Judiciário e nas Casas Legislativas. Uma das questões sobre a atuação destes juízes é o diálogo que eles tinham com atores de diversas instituições. Por fazerem parte de um grupo considerado privilegiado dentro da província, e também no âmbito nacional, estes magistrados estavam inseridos em redes de relações construídas e sustentadas antes mesmo da formação do Estado imperial. Afinal, não tem como pensar a Justiça e o poder sem conhecer a origem portuguesa na qual nasceram e foram desenvolvidas as normas que regeram e ainda conduziam o país por séculos. Os juízes também podem ser identificados como atores que fazem parte e alimentam a cultura política deste período. Com isso, a análise do Judiciário vai além da movimentação e da atuação no Judiciário. O pensamento político destes personagens é fundamental para analisar o funcionamento das instituições e das relações sociais da época. Eles não serão tratados apenas como simples magistrados, mas como produtores de discursos políticos.  O método do trabalho é a análise documental das instituições de Justiça no período como o Arquivo Público de Pernambuco, o Arquivo da Faculdade de Direito do Recife, e os jornais da época, bem como a análise de discurso dos magistrados.
2- (2-hidroksi-5-metoksi-3-nitrobenziliden)-N-metilhidrazin-1-karbotioamid Molekülünün Kuantum Kimyasal Karakterizasyonu
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Hacer
Published: September 2019

Bu çalışmada, 2-(2-hidroksi-5-metoksi-3-nitrobenziliden)-N-metilhidrazin-1-karbotioamid
(SL) molekülünün geometrik yapısı taban durumunda Gaussian 09W programı
kullanılarak optimize edilmiştir. Optimize edilen moleküler yapının sonuçları
sunuldu. X-ışını kırınımı sonuçları ile mukayese edildi. SL molekülünün
teorik
harmonik titreşimsel dalga boyları hesaplandı ve deneysel değerlerle
karşılaştırıldı. Deneysel değerler ve hesaplanan değerler birbiri ile uyum
içerisinde bulunmuştur. SL molekülü, optiksel geçişler için UV-görünür spektral
çalışmalar ile karakterize edilmiştir. Ayrıca, 1H ve 13C
NMR kimyasal kayma değerleri, doğrusal olmayan optik analizi, sınır moleküler
yörünge enerjileri, moleküler yüzeyler, Mulliken yükü ve atomik polar tensör
bazlı yükler incelenmiştir. Tüm teorik hesaplamalar LanL2DZ temel seti ile
B3LYP ve HSEH1PBE yoğunluk fonksiyonel teorisi (DFT) yöntemi kullanılarak
hesaplanmıştır.
„Quidam de gregariis militibus…” Pospolici ludzie jako bohaterowie piastowskich wojen do połowy XIII wieku
Authors: Ptak Jan
Published: September 2019

W epoce piastowskiej dużą część wojska stanowiła pospolita ludność, zazwyczaj jednak autorzy kronik opisujących wydarzenia wojenne nie poświęcali jej większej uwagi. Tym cenniejsze wydają się obecne w ich przekazach wzmianki o ludziach z niższych warstw społecznych, którzy wyróżnili się niezwykłym męstwem i walecznością podczas działań militarnych. Wśród ich dokonań odnotowane zostały przypadki uratowania życia władcom podczas bitew, spontaniczne podjęcie walki zakończonej całkowitym zwycięstwem, odzyskanie utraconego grodu czy heroiczna obrona własnej warowni przed atakującym wrogiem. Ludzie dokonujący tych wyczynów byli prostymi wojownikami, nisko sytuowanymi w społecznej hierarchii albo nawet znajdowali się w wojsku jako służba nieprzeznaczona do bezpośredniego udziału w walkach. Kronikarze z podziwem pisali głównie o dokonaniach ludzi należących do pierwszej z tych kategorii, czyli zobowiązanych do walki z bronią w ręku, podkreślając ich męstwo i poświęcenie dla władców, którzy za te zasługi ich hojnie nagradzali. Natomiast militarne wyczyny osób czy grup wchodzących w skład czeladzi, od której nie wymagano udziału w walce zbrojnej, były oceniane przez tych autorów zupełnie inaczej, jako efekt porywczości czy brawury.
„Ludzie czarni od słońca i osmaleni od wiatru, o spojrzeniu straszliwym i groźnym” – wojownicy husyccy w świetle źródeł z epoki
Authors: Strzyż Piotr
Published: September 2019

W historii czeskiego oręża jedno z najważniejszych miejsc zajmuje okres rewolucji husyckiej lat 1419–1436. Jest to też niewątpliwie czas wielkiej chwały husyckich wojsk polnych „sierotek” i „taborytów”, którym przez półtorej dekady nie była w stanie sprostać żadna ze stających z nimi do konfrontacji ówczesnych armii. Przedmiotem badań nie będzie jednak uzbrojenie tych wojowników, lecz ich wygląd oraz czyny, przede wszystkim te pozamilitarne, które bardzo szybko przysporzyły im złowrogiej sławy. Nierzadko paraliżowała ona całe armie oraz obrońców zamków i miast – wystarczył dźwięk słów ich bojowej pieśni Ktož jsú boží bojovníci. Ich swego rodzaju „znakami rozpoznawczymi” były: palenie i burzenie klasztorów i kościołów, tortury i mordy na ludności wsi i miast ze szczególnym upodobaniem palenia na stosie lub w stodołach oraz rabowanie wszelkich dóbr ruchomych i nieruchomych oraz handel nimi. I mimo że w średniowieczu takie postępowanie nie należało do rzadkości, to jednak „łatka” pozbawionych litości grabieżców była bardzo chętnie przypinana właśnie husytom.
U boku króla. Chorągiew nadworna królów Polski u schyłku XV wieku
Authors: Kałużny Jędrzej Tomasz
Published: September 2019

Chorągiew nadworna złożona była z dworzan, zwanych dworzanami konnymi (curienses). Będąc jednostką elitarną, stanowiła prywatny oddział władcy. Zgodnie z rejestrem spisanym w ostatnich latach XV w., po wyprawie mołdawskiej, w szeregach chorągwi odnotowano 60 dworzan konnych, stojących na czele swoich pocztów, z których większość liczyła od czterech dosześciu jeźdźców. Łącznie w rejestrze odnotowano 288 jeźdźców. W pocztach jeźdźcy w uzbrojeniu strzelczym stanowili ponad połowę, kopijnicy zaś około 13% wszystkich odnotowanych jeźdźców. W rejestrze występują konie kopijnicze i strzelcze, należy wspomnieć również o koniach rackich i tatarskich. Dworzanie wchodzący w skład chorągwi nadwornej byli szlachtą, dla wielu z nich kariera u boku króla stała się przepustką do dalszych awansów oraz udziału w życiu politycznym i kulturalnym. W omawianym rejestrze odnotowani zostali również dworzanie – pokojowcy (cubicularii), którzy służyli na dworze konno, niekiedy ze swymi pocztami. Pokojowcy, obok dworzan konnych, wchodzili najpewniej w skład orszaku królewskiego oraz chorągwi nadwornej.
Podpułkownik Mieczysław hr. Poniński – attaché wojskowy Rzeczypospolitej w Rzymie (1920-1921)
Authors: Majzner Robert
Published: September 2019

W maju 1919 r. powołano Attachat Wojskowy przy Poselstwie RP w Rzymie, zobowiązując go do obserwowania włoskich sił zbrojnych, gospodarki, polityki zagranicznej, koordynowania zakupów sprzętu wojskowego oraz organizowania procesu repatriacji do kraju Polaków – byłych żołnierzy armii austro-węgierskiej, przebywających w obozach jenieckich na terenie Włoch. Pierwszym attaché wojskowym został gen. Eugeniusz Kątkowski, który nie mówił po włosku. W październiku 1920 r. zastąpił go mjr Mieczysław hr. Poniński, który znał język włoski i włoską kulturę. W 1921 r. okazało się jednak, że wstępując w 1919 r. do Wojska Polskiego, zataił fakt, że z armii włoskiej został w 1893 r. usunięty i zdegradowany ze stopnia porucznika do sierżanta. Dzięki temu w Wojsku Polskim otrzymał stopień rotmistrza (kapitana). Ponadto jego pomocnik, mjr Jan Pogorski opracował 12 raportów wojskowych, twierdząc, że pozyskał je od tajnego informatora za ogółem 2500 lirów, podczas gdy przepisał je z włoskiej prasy wojskowej. Podpułkownik Mieczysław Poniński został odwołany z Rzymu i postawiony przed Oficerskim Sądem Honorowym, a następnie przed sądem karnym. Dzięki swym koneksjom uniknął jednak kary. Był jedynym spośród prawie 100 polskich attachés wojskowych w latach 1919–1939, który dopuścił się takiego przewinienia.
Komentarz do projektu podstawy programowej nauczania filozofii w zakresie podstawowym w szkole średniej
Authors: Figiel Wiktor , Kuczyńska Katarzyna , Ostrowski Wojciech , Pobojewska Aldona , Wachowiak Sebastian
Published: September 2019

Tekst jest komentarzem do projektu podstawy programowej nauczania filozofii w szkołach ponadpodstawowych, opracowanym przez interdyscyplinarny zespół nauczycieli szkolnych i akademickich. Autorzy analizują cele projektu oraz zakładane w nim treści kształcenia. Konkluzją tych analiz jest teza o niedostosowaniu programu kształcenia – przeciążonego wiedzą encyklopedyczną i opartego na niespójnych podstawach metodycznych – do celów związanych z wprowadzeniem filozofii jako nowego przedmiotu nauczania w szkole średniej.
Computational Tools in the Discovery of FABP4 Ligands: A Statistical and Molecular Modeling Approach
Authors: Floresta Giuseppe , Gentile Davide , Perrini Giancarlo , Patamia Vincenzo , Rescifina Antonio
Published: September 2019

Small molecule inhibitors of adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) have got interest following the recent publication of their pharmacologically beneficial effects. Recently it comes out that FABP4 is an attractive molecular target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, other metabolic diseases, and some type of cancers. In the past years, hundreds of effective FABP4 inhibitors have been synthesized and discovered but, unfortunately, none of them is in the clinical research phase. The field of computer-aided drug design seems to be promising and useful for the identification of FABP4 inhibitors; hence, different structure- and ligand-based computational approaches were already performed for their identification. In this paper, we searched for new potentially active FABP4 ligands in the Marine Natural Products (MNP) database. 14,492 compounds were retrieved from this database and filtered through a statistical and computational filter. Seven compounds were suggested by our methodology to possess a potential inhibitory activity upon FABP4 in the range of 79–245 nM. ADMET properties prediction were performed to validate the hypothesis of the interaction with the intended target and to assess the drug-likeness of these derivatives; from these analyses, three molecules resulted as excellent candidates for becoming new drugs.
How the Investor’s Risk Preferences Influence the Optimal Allocation in a Credibilistic Portfolio Problem
Authors: Georgescu Irina , Kinnunen Jani
Published: September 2019

A classical portfolio theory deals with finding the optimal proportion in which an agent invests a wealth in a risk-free asset and a probabilistic risky asset. Formulating and solving the problem depend on how the risk is represented and how, combined with the utility function defines a notion of expected utility. In this paper the risk is a fuzzy variable and the notion of expected utility is defined in the setting of Liu’s credibility theory. Thus, the portfolio choice problem is formulated as an optimization problem in which the objective function is a credibilistic expected utility. Different approximation calculation formulas for the optimal allocation of the credibilistic risky asset are proved. These formulas contain two types of parameters: Various credibilistic moments associated with fuzzy variables (expected value, variance, skewness and kurtosis) and the risk aversion, prudence and temperance indicators of the utility function.
Research on Rumor Spreading Model with Time Delay and Control Effect
Authors: Yao Hongxing , Zou Yushi
Published: September 2019

Information flow retains a critical role in decision making among investors. In this paper, we employ a diffusion model based on epidemiology theory to study the rumor spreading process within investors. The paper introduce the feedback mechanism of classical control theory into the model, which helps to reflect the interaction between rumor spreaders and information supervision. Further we apply a time delay factor to give investors access to transparent information and change their behavior. Subsequently, the stability of the rumor disappearance equilibrium and the rumor existence equilibrium are analyzed and the condition for the system undergoes a Hopf-bifurcation is given. The mathematical arguments are subjected to numerical simulations to present the ideal case scenarios. The results suggest that, increase the general strength of information supervision and the proportion coefficient associated with the infected population in the short-term delay are conducive to better control.
Teaching Systems Theory/Thinking/Behavior: Systemic Behavior Instead of One-Sidedness: Making Bridges Among Specialists
Authors: Mulej Matjaž , Ženko Zdenka , Jakulin Tadeja Jere
Published: September 2019

In the current real life, systems theory is an abstract background of systems thinking, which is a part of systemic behavior. The systemic behavior is the alternative to the currently prevailing one-sidedness that puts all of humankind in danger of self-destruction due to the crucial over-sights (all the way to world wars) that unavoidably result from the current over-specialization (along with crucial, but partial insights), if the specialists fail to practice creative interdisciplinary cooperation. This contribution is a next phase of research after the contributions by Matjaz̆ Mulej, Zdenka Z̆enko and Viktor Z̆akelj (2017) and by Matjaz̆ Mulej, et al. (2013). Although the abstract background and thinking that the systemic behavior applies, are very necessary, theory and thinking are no longer enough for systems science to be a relevant science and practice helping humankind find the way out from the current blind alley and survive as a healthy civilization with a healthy social and natural environment. The suggestion in this contribution therefore reads: Let us systems and cybernetics scientists make/enable the transition to systemic behavior, which applies all the many theories, which are components in the background of systemic behavior in practice, next to each other and/or in synergy. Analysis, i.e., studying per isolated parts is too overlooking and one-sided to be enough. So is teaching on a single one out of several systems theories. Reality is too complex. Teaching is a part of this necessary effort, which must lead to a global peace and survival of humankind of today instead of the current hating the human descendants.
Discovering a Resilient and Hyperdiverse Midge Fly Fauna in a Singaporean Swamp Forest.
Authors: Baloglu Bilgenur
Published: September 2019

Researchers uncover a highly unique and diverse chironomid community in a Singaporean swamp forest highlighting the importance of these ecosystems and the power of Next-Generation Sequencing for biomonitoring efforts.
The prognostic value of PET/CT in clinical stage I lung cancer patients: A propensity-match analysis.
Authors: Wang Bing-Yen , Hung Wei-Heng , Huang Jing-Yang , Chen Heng-Chung , Lin Ching-Hsiung , Lin Sheng-Hao , Cheng YaFu
Published: September 2019

Introduction The application of PET/CT directly improved treatment choice and management in 25% of non-small cell lung cancer patients and 29% of small cell lung cancer patients. However, the long-term outcome of altering the management of these patients remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the 5-year overall survival rates of two groups of clinical stage I lung cancer patients: those who received PET/CT and those who did not.Methods Data were obtained from the Taiwan Society of Cancer Registry. There were 6,587 clinical stage I lung cancer patients analyzed between 2009 and 2014 in this retrospective study. We performed propensity matching to reduce the bias; it resulted in both groups having 2,649 patients. We measured the 1, 3, and 5-year survival rates of all clinical stage I lung cancer patients and the survival rates of pathological I, II and III lung cancer patients and compared the survival rates between clinical stage I lung cancer patients with PET/CT scans and patients without PET/CT scans.Results The 1, 3, and 5-year survival rates of all clinical stage I lung cancer patients are 97.2%, 88.2% and 79.0%, respectively. The 1, 3, and 5-year survival rates are 97.0%, 88.2% and 79.8% in the PET/CT group and 97.5%, 88.1% and 78.2% in the no PET/CT group; there was no statistical difference (p= 0.6528).Conclusion Although stage I lung cancer patients who received PET/CT had their management strategies modified and avoided any unnecessary thoracotomies, our data showed that there was no 5-year survival benefit for these patients.
The impact of body mass index on short-term and long-term surgical outcomes of laparoscopic hepatectomy in liver carcinoma patients, a retrospective study
Authors: Lei Zhao , Gang Wang Jian , Xing Zheng , Xin Yu
Published: September 2019

Background : To investigate the influence of body mass index (BMI) on the short-term and long-term outcome s including disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rate in patients with liver carcinoma who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) as primary treatment.Methods: Data were collected from 137 patients with liver carcinoma who underwent attempted LH between August 2003 and April 2014. Patients were classified into three groups depending on their BMI according to the WHO’s definition of obesity for Asia-Pacific region: underweight (BMI< 18.5kg/ m 2 , Group1), normal (18.5≤BMI< 23kg/m 2, Group2), overweight (BMI≥ 23kg/m 2, Group3) respectively. Short-term and long-term outcome s including overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were compared across the BMI categories.Results: Of the 137 patients, 14 were underweight, 65 were normal weight, and 58 were overweight. The overall conversion rate of 137 patients was 20.44 %. Conversion rate in the three groups was 14.29%, 21.54% and 20.69 % (P=0.8284). The median follow-up duration was 26 months , 30 months , and 28 months, respectively. The mean postoperative hospital stay in the three groups were comparable (10.85±4.04, 11.57±5.56 , and 10.88±5.70, P=0.76). The complications rate was much higher in Group 1 (42.85%) than that in Group 2 and Group 3 (20.08% and 17.2%, P=0.048). Underweight patients were more likely to develop grade III or higher postoperative complications ( Clavien-Dindo classification ) as compared to normal and overweight patients (P=0.042). Overweight patients had a longer 3- and 5-years DFS (41.4%, 36.2%) than those for underweight (21.4%, 14.3%) and normal weight (28.1%, 21.9%) patients (P=0.048, and 0.025). Overweight patients had a longer 5-years OS (44.8%) than those for underweight (28.6%) and normal weight (28.0%) patients (P=0.043).Conclusions : Being underweight was associated with an increased perioperative complication and being overweight has a better 3-, 5-years DFS and 5-years OS than those in under and normal weight patients with liver carcinoma who underwent LH. Key Word s: body mass index, liver carcinoma, Prognosis, laparoscopic hepatectomy
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of gallbladder duplication:
report of 6 cases
Authors: M.V. Medvedev, M.V. Kubrina, Y.G. Voytuk et all
Published: September 2019

A retrospective analysis of 6 cases of prenatal diagnosed of gallbladder duplication is presented. The average
gestational age at prenatal diagnosis was 25,6 weeks (range 19–36 weeks) of gestation. In all cases two fluidcontaining cystic structures in the right upper quadrant of a fetus were found during ultrasound examination.
These structures were saccular in morphology and located adjacent to the fetal liver.
Virtual ultrasound embryo autopsy – myth or reality? Part 1
Authors: A.Yu. Blinov
Published: September 2019

A review of literature data on the study of human embryos using new methods of medical imaging is given.
The possibility of prenatal diagnosis of severe central nervous system defects has been demonstrated already in
the embryonic period at 8–10 weeks of gestation or at the age of 16 to 23 stages of the embryonic development
period
Detection of spina bifida in the first trimester of gestation in association
with triploidy
Authors: K.K. Otaryan , C.G. Gagaev
Published: September 2019

The case of prenatal detection of spina bifida at 12+3 weeks of gestation is described. Termination of pregnancy was performed at 13+3 weeks. Post-abortion karyotyping revealed triploidy (69XXX). Diagnostic tools for
early detection of neural tube defects in the 1st trimester of gestation and subsequent appropriate management
of pregnancy are discussed.
The case of prenatal diagnosis of the bladder extrophy associated with
external genitalia malformations
Authors: N.M. Normuradova , Sh.M. Kamalidinova , V.V. Kurbanova
Published: September 2019

The case of the urinary bladder extrophy associated with malformations of the external genitalia is presented.
The defect was diagnosed at 21–22 weeks of gestation on the basis of absence of the bladder echo-shadow and
low attachment of umbilical cord to the anterior abdominal wall. There was also noted indeterminated gender.
The use of electronic educational environment for interdisciplinary relations on the example of professional study on business – informatics bachelor program
Authors: Ushakova Mariya V. , Gabalin Aleksey V.
Published: September 2019

Purpose of the study.The aim of the study is to analyze the optimal conditions for the use of electronic educational environment and competence-activity approach in the educational process of the university for the training of bachelors in the direction of “business informatics”.

The urgency of the problems outlined in this article is determined by the need to develop human resources in the field of information technology and improve the quality of training in this area.

The object of the research is the training of full-time students of educational institutions of higher professional education, carried out in the conditions of education informatization.

Materials and research methods.The article analyzes the possibility of effective use of electronic educational resources in the educational process in terms of informatization of higher education, as well as the impact of the use of the competence-activity approach and interdisciplinary connections on the development of students’ professional competencies.

Results.Taking into account the analysis carried out on the use of electronic educational environment at NUST “MISiS”, it is shown that it is promising to be shared with the competence-activity approach in order to bring the training of IT specialists in line with modern requirements at the shortage of time resources.

Conclusion.In the transition to a digital economy in our country, it is necessary to form the approaches to the training of IT industry specialists. The use of the electronic educational environment “LMS Canvas” at the NUST “MISiS” and the competence-activity approach, which implies not the message, but the formation of students’ knowledge in the process of implementing the project development, has proved its effectiveness in preparing bachelors in the direction of “business informatics”. This approach made it possible, through effective use of interdisciplinary connections in the e-learning environment, to involve students in the process of active learning, to improve the process of key competencies forming, to improve substantially the quality of diploma works and their practical significance, as well as to increase the level of compliance with global trends in the field of higher education informatization.
Digital crisis in enterprise innovation
Authors: Dneprovskaya N. V.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the research is to reveal the phenomenon of “digital crisis” in the context of the development of the digital economy, to identify its impact and consequences for the innovative activity of the enterprise. Commitment to the development of the digital economy suggests that the gathering and processing of the increasing volume of digital data will increase the effectiveness of various types of economic activities. However, throughout the scientific and technological progress, the amount of accumulated information has increased at a pace ahead of the intellectual and computational capabilities of the society to process them. Statistical studies show the accumulated contradiction between the growing level of digitalization of Russian society and the stagnation of innovative activity of Russian enterprises.

Materials and methods of research include the study of the ITindustry as a provider of resources for the development of innovations in the digital society. The analytical reports of consulting ITcompanies (IDC, McKinsey), the results of studies of the accumulated experience of its implementation in the activities of enterprises, the official statistics made up the factual basis of the research. The methodological basis of the study includes approaches to assessing the effectiveness of access to digital data, assessing the effectiveness of their use for solving economic problems.

The results of research show the presence of the digital crisis, which is expressed in the inability of the IT-infrastructure to provide enterprises with effective access to digital data in the course of their innovation. At the same time, the volume of digital data is growing exponentially with the spread of the Internet of things and the increasing frequency of citizens’ interactions with digital services and platforms. The digital crisis makes it impossible for enterprises to extract knowledge from the data stream to develop innovation.

Conclusion. While Russian enterprises are experiencing the impact of the digital crisis, which makes it difficult to develop innovations using a combination of IT and digital data, the Russian and global market is filled with foreign digital goods and services. The achievements of digitalization of Russian society become the basis for the development and dissemination of foreign innovations. Overcoming the digital crisis depends on factors either the external and internal environment of enterprises. The competence of the enterprise itself is the improvement of its organizational structure, business model and human resources. The external environment should create favorable conditions for enterprises’ access to innovation resources.
Adaptive multichannel detection-resolution of stochastic signals in conditions of parametric prior uncertainty
Authors: Filonovich A. V. , Vornacheva I. V. , Tuyakbasarova N. A. , Chernyshev A. S.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the study is to improve the quality indicators of adaptive multichannel detection-resolution-measurement parameters of stochastic signals under parametric a prior uncertainty.

Materials and methods. The methodology for the synthesis of signal detectors of various structures, taking into account various factors, is used to achieve the goal. This makes it possible to exclude from the expression for estimating the signal power the terms due to “colored” internal noises and an uncorrelated background. The tools of correlation analysis, adaptive Bayes approach, criterion of generalized likelihood ratio, methods of calculating its logarithm are also used. 

Results. In this paper, the problems of synthesis of adaptive multichannel detection-resolution algorithms for stochastic signals of various structures under the influence of intense noise interference are considered. An integral element of the detection task is a joint assessment of the intensity of the useful signal and the correlation matrix of interference. This problem is effectively solved for highintensity signals, and the nonstationarity of the internal noise of the receiving uncorrelated background of the interfering signals is not taken into account. A multi-channel receiving system consisting of a number of independent spatially separated elements that form a linear antenna array is considered. The width of the spectrum of the received signals should be considered sufficiently narrow, so that the delay of the signals at the antenna aperture can be neglected. This provision can significantly improve the performance of detection and resolution of stochastic signals in the background of noise interference. Based on the analysis of a finite discrete sample of complex amplitudes of received oscillations, a detection problem was solved, which is formulated as a problem of checking statistical hypotheses regarding distribution parameters. The detection algorithm is reduced to a comparison with the likelihood ratio threshold, and the threshold level value is determined by the selected optimality criterion and for the Neumann-Pearson criterion remains dependent on the power of interfering oscillations.

Conclusion. The presented detector possesses higher characteristics of detection and resolution of stochastic signals in comparison with the known ones. It can be shown that an important property of the obtained statistics is the stabilization of the probability of false detection. This is achieved by normalizing the noise power at the output of the adaptation device. In addition, the resulting algorithm is invariant to the form used for its calculation of the correlation matrix of interference. If we take into account that an uncorrelated background will be added to the internal noise power, with a large number of noise jammers, a significant improvement in the detection performance has been achieved.
One-Way and Two-Way Mobile Phone Text Messages for Treatment Adherence Among Patients With HIV: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Nsagha Dickson Shey , Siysi Vincent Verla , Ekobo Same , Egbe Thomas Obinchemti , Kibu Odette Dzemo
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Incomplete adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is one of the factors that contribute to HIV drug resistance, and it is a major problem for the public health system in controlling the HIV pandemic. There is emerging evidence that SMS can play an important role in health care delivery among patients with HIV on ART, especially in resource-limited settings.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to assess the impact of two-way and one-way SMS text messaging on adherence to HIV treatment. We hypothesized that sending weekly text messages through the one-way and two-way SMS text messaging approach will improve adherence to ART among patients with HIV and improve associated clinical outcomes (quality of life).

METHODS

A randomized controlled trial is being carried out among participants with HIV who have been on ART for at least one month from an accredited treatment center, namely the Buea Regional Hospital and Kumba District Hospital of South West Region, Cameroon. Participants with HIV, both male and female, aged 21 years and older make up a sample size of 207. The interventions involved the use of mobile phone text messages. Before commencing the intervention, a focus group discussion was carried out among the participants to understand their perception about the use of SMS-based interventions to improve adherence. A total of 246 participants were randomized to receive either a one-way text message (SMS sent to a recipient without recipient sending a reply) or two-way text message (SMS sent to a recipient and recipient sends a reply) or the control (no SMS, only standard care). Data on adherence and quality of life were collected at baseline and after 6 months and will be analyzed using SPSS version 21, while qualitative data will be analyzed using Atlas.ti 7.5.

RESULTS

Data collection began in September 2019 with focus group discussions and baseline data collection. After 1 month of baseline data collection, the intervention began in October 2019, and postintervention data were collected after 6 months (March 2020). At the end of the study, we will be able to understand the perception of patients toward SMS text messaging–based interventions and also assess the impact of one-way and two-way SMS text messages on treatment adherence among patients with HIV and on associated clinical outcomes (quality of life).

CONCLUSIONS

The impact of SMS text messaging varies across different settings. The results from this study will determine the perception of patients toward an SMS text messaging–based intervention and its impact on adherence to ART.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/16127
A Patient Safety Educational Tool for Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: Development and Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bowman Cassandra , Lunyera Joseph , Alkon Aviel , Boulware L Ebony , St Clair Russell Jennifer , Riley Jennie , Fink Jeffrey C , Diamantidis Clarissa
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a health condition that threatens patient safety; however, few interventions provide patient-centered education about kidney-specific safety hazards.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to develop and test the usability of a mobile tablet–based educational tool designed to promote patient awareness of relevant safety topics in CKD.

METHODS

We used plain language principles to develop content for the educational tool, targeting four patient-actionable safety objectives that are relevant for individuals with CKD. These four objectives included avoidance of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); hypoglycemia awareness (among individuals with diabetes); temporary cessation of certain medications during acute volume depletion to prevent acute kidney injury (ie, “sick day protocol”); and contrast dye risk awareness. Our teaching strategies optimized human-computer interaction and content retention using audio, animation, and clinical vignettes to reinforce themes. For example, using a vignette of a patient with CKD with pain and pictures of common NSAIDs, participants were asked “Which of the following pain medicines are safe for Mr. Smith to take for his belly pain?” Assessment methods consisted of preknowledge and postknowledge surveys, with provision of correct responses and explanations. Usability testing of the tablet-based tool was performed among 12 patients with any stage of CKD, and program tasks were rated upon completion as no error, noncritical error (self-corrected), or critical error (needing assistance).

RESULTS

The 12 participants in this usability study were predominantly 65 years of age or older (n=7, 58%) and female (n=7, 58%); all participants owned a mobile device and used it daily. Among the 725 total tasks that the participants completed, there were 31 noncritical errors (4.3%) and 15 critical errors (2.1%); 1 participant accounted for 30 of the total errors. Of the 12 participants, 10 (83%) easily completed 90% or more of their tasks. Most participants rated the use of the tablet as very easy (n=7, 58%), the activity length as “just right” (rather than too long or too short) (n=10, 83%), and the use of clinical vignettes as helpful (n=10, 83%); all participants stated that they would recommend this activity to others. The median rating of the activity was 8 on a scale of 1 to 10 (where 10 is best). We incorporated all participant recommendations into the final version of the educational tool.

CONCLUSIONS

A tablet-based patient safety educational tool is acceptable and usable by individuals with CKD. Future studies leveraging iterations of this educational tool will explore its impact on health outcomes in this high-risk population.
Effect of critical thinking training on medical student ability: A longitudinal study (Preprint)
Authors: Soltani Jr Akbar , Khabaz Mafinejad Mahboobeh , Tajik Maryam , Moosapour Hamideh , Bayat Taha
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Teaching critical thinking is one of the main requirements for a successful career in the medical profession. Given that healthcare is an uncertain domain and prone to diagnostic and management errors, improving critical thinking abilities of physicians could be an influential factor in medical routine practice, such as choosing treatment plans, making an accurate diagnosis and reducing the medical errors.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of holding a longitudinal critical thinking course on medical students’ skills.

METHODS

A longitudinal descriptive design was used with a convenience sample of 103 students; 91 students participated two times in completing a questionnaire each March from 2013 to 2016. The valid response rate was 88%. Students were asked to complete the California Critical Thinking Skills Test in the week before their first educational session. Posttest data were collected 6 to 8 weeks after the program.

RESULTS

Ninety-one medical students with the mean age of 20±2.8 years participated in this study. Forty-three of them were male (%47.3). The highest change in both pre and post-test scores was for the analysis part. We have a positive difference in all the subscales but the difference is not significantly meaningful for the inference and deductive part (P-value= 0.28 and 0.42). We found no significant difference between the scores of male and female (P=0.77).

CONCLUSIONS

The study indicated that teaching clinical thinking to undergraduate medical students could improve their critical thinking skills. Students performed the best in the analysis, inductive reasoning, and evaluation skills and their weakest skill was inference and deductive.
Analisis Proksimat dan Total Serat Pangan pada Crackers Fortifikasi Tepung Tempe dan Koleseom (Talinumtiangulare)
Authors: Seftiono Hermawan , Djiuardi Evelyn , Pricila Sherly
Published: September 2019

Kolesom is a vegetable which contains a high dietary fiber content. Tempe is an Indonesian food that contains high protein and can be an alternative protein source. However, both tempe and kolesom haven’t been widely utilized. One way to improve the utilization is by adding kolesom and tempe flour to increase the nutrient content of crackers. Crackers are one type of crunchy-textured biscuits and are often consumed as a snack. The addition of tempe flour and kolesom flour are also expected to increase protein and dietary fiber content of crackers. This research was aimed to determine the best formulation and proximate level of crackers fortified with tempe and kolesom flour. Cracker production began with the manufacture of tempe flour which has a protein content of 49.08% and kolesom flour which has a total dietary fiber content of 19.22%. Determination of the best crackers based on panelists’ preferences was based on organoleptic test. The highest overall percentage of preference was found in F5 crackers (T10% + K2.5g), containing 4.81% moisture content, 2.53% ash content, 18.43% total fat, 11.90% protein, 62.33% total carbohydrate, and total dietary fiber 8.29 %.
Hydrogen and Methane Production Under Conditions of Anaerobic Digestion of Key-Lime and Cabbage Wastes
Authors: Sołowski Gaweł , Konkol Izabela , Hrycak Bartosz , Czylkowski Dariusz
Published: September 2019

In this article, the results of key lime fruit (Citrus aurantifolia) wastes and cabbage (Brassica L.) wastes anaerobic digestion are presented. Anaerobic digestion of the wastes was performed in batch process, neutral pH (key-lime 7.47 and cabbage 7.67) and substrate concentration of Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) 10 gVSS/L. One of the aims of this research was to check the availability of these substrates to be the source of methane and hydrogen. Key lime wastes produced 32 times more methane than raw cabbage. However, hydrogen production from cabbage was 149 times higher than key lime. The percentage of methane production in cabbage was up to 81% and in key lime was up to 75%. This research showed from the substrates comparison that efficient hydrogen production is less dependent on low pKa, pH than on total solids of the substrates.
Optimasi Kondisi Pengeringan Mie Singkong dengan Response Surface Methodology Terhadap Karakteristik Produknya
Authors: Hendrasty Henny Krissetiana , Setyaningsih Sundari , Sugiarto Raden
Published: September 2019

Wet cassava starch noodles have been developed in Srihardono Village, Pundong-Bantul District. The disadvantage of this noodle is the short shelf life. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum drying conditions to obtain the best quality of dried cassava noodles. The factors, such as temperature and drying time, and noodle layer were evaluated. Dried cassava noodles contain a combination of traditionally processed cassava starch and manufactured cassava starch. The ratio of traditional starch to manufactured starch was 3:2 (w/w). Drying was conducted using a cabinet drier at various temperatures (70, 80 and 90 °C) for 2 h, 2.5 h, 3 h, 3.5 h and 4 h. Noodle layers were 1, 2, 3 and 4. The observed quality parameters were elongation, water content, cooking loss and water absorption. The obtained data were analyzed using a Response Surface Methodology. The range of optimum drying condition was between 76 and 84 °C and drying time between 3.2 and 3.5 h. Noodles were arranged in 2 layers. Dried cassava noodles had an elongation value of 60 to 70%, water content of 8 to 9%, cooking loss of 10 to 12% and water absorption of 140 to 150%.
A New Approach to Refugee's Welfare through the Role of Community: Case Study of Refugee's Community Centre in Sewon
Authors: Diah Triceseria Anak Agung Istri , Azizah Zayda Nurul , Fiani Prabaningtyas Rizka
Published: September 2019

The role of state actor in refugee protection is seriously limited by the “nationalism” nature of a nation-state. In particular, there has been a lack of attention from Indonesia as implied by non-ratifying choice taken by the government. The problem here with this approach is, refugee’s rights are viewed as entitlement from state and should conform with the state’s interest. Thus, there needs to be a new approach in pursuing a refugee protection regime. This paper shifts the focus from the role of state to the roles played by other actors. This paper gives a particular focus on Refugee Community Housing in Sewon, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The Community Housing is an initiative from International Organization for Migration (IOM) which provides temporary settlement as well as living allowance for refugees. Our preliminary study found that the coordination among IOM, Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS)–an international NGO working to assist refugees, and Immigration Office of Yogyakarta—has to some extent demonstrated a better service and treatment to refugees than state’s philanthropy in general. Some limitations remains exist, but overall, community housing provides a foundation for a civil society-based refugee protection.
The South in World Politics
Authors: Rosyidin Mohamad
Published: September 2019

Pahlawan Perang Dunia II Winston Churchill suatu ketika pernah berkata, “Sejarah dibuat oleh para pemenang”. Jika kita membaca dan mencermati sejarah dunia dari masa ke masa, kata-kata tersebut barangkali ada benarnya. Para penakluk Spanyol (conquistadores) mulai dari Christopher Columbus, Fransisco Pizzaro, sampai Hernan Cortez mengarang cerita bahwa orang-orang Indian Amerika adalah masyarakat barbar (uncivilized) sehingga menjustifikasi penaklukan oleh masyarakat Eropa yang ‘tercerahkan’ (civilized). Pasca Perang Dunia II Sekutu sebagai pihak yang menang punya otoritas penuh untuk mereka-ulang rancang-bangun tatanan internasional. Dalam konteks ini, pendukung setia hegemoni Amerika John Ikenberry mengatakan dalam bukunya berjudul ‘After Victory: Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Rebuilding of Order After Major Wars’ bahwa munculnya institusi-institusi global semacam GATT yang kemudian berubah menjadi WTO, IMF, Bank Dunia, bahkan PBB tak luput dari upaya Amerika Serikat untuk merekonstruksi dunia menurut sudut pandangnya.Jika benar dunia dibentuk oleh kekuatan besar, lantas bagaimana peran negara-negara lain, lebih khusus negara-negara berkembang? Kita semua mahfum bahwa negara-negara berkembang dulunya adalah negara terjajah. Negara-negara ini rata-rata baru lahir dalam kurun waktu pasca Perang Dunia II sampai dengan dekade 1960-an. Dari segi geografis, negara-negara ini menempati tiga kawasan besar dunia yakni Asia, Afrika, dan Amerika Latin. Ketiga kawasan itu secara ekonomi dulunya dianggap sebagai kawasan marjinal, atau periphery menurut istilah penganut teori dependensia klasik. Kombinasi antara faktor politik sebagai negara terjajah dan faktor ekonomi sebagai negara ‘kelas dua’ membuat negara-negara berkembang tidak memiliki andil besar dalam arsitektur tatanan internasional.Tetapi apakah benar demikian?
From Aversion to Affinity: India's Standpoint in the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Negotiations
Authors: Malik Tania Delavita
Published: September 2019

When the issue of protecting IPRs was brought to the GATT in 1986, India claimed it as unnecessary given the costly administrative affairs in domesticating the agreement and the difference in countries’ levels of development. However, the standpoint of India altered significantly in the Doha Round. India did not only agree to adopt the TRIPS Agreement but also proposed the protection of broader aspects of IPRs, to also include GRTKF. The adoption of these significantly different viewpoints poses the puzzle that this article seeks to explain. In doing so, this article uses two-level game theory by Robert D. Putnam to analyze both domestic and international pressures that simultaneously pushed India to alter its position on IPR protection at WTO. It analyses the actions taken by governmental actors, NGOs, and business groups at both domestic and international levels. The findings demonstrate that India adopted different standpoints because of domestic demands, precisely those of the pharmaceutical companies and pro-indigenous-people NGOs, while different set of actors, especially developing countries, at international level also supported it. The supports from these actors exceeded the pressures from big pharmaceutical companies from developed countries and the developed countries themselves. By arguing this, this article thus suggests that India, as a developing country, has been able to advocate the demand of domestic interests in the face of massive international pressures.