bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Our Genius, Goodness, and Gumption: Child Actresses and National Identity in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America
Authors: Mullenneaux Nan
Published: May 2012

"Genuine Genius, Goodness, and Gumption: Acting Daughters and Mid-Nineteenth-Century National Identity" argues that mid-nineteenth-century theater in the United States became an arena in which the middle-class constructed childhood in a variety of ways that bolstered national identity. American audiences celebrated children whose public personae answered national questions and assuaged national anxieties. International inferiority was pacified by the young Bateman Sisters' genius for interpreting Shakespeare. Journalists called them "national treasures" that proved the United States the cultural equal of Great Britain and Europe. As sectional issues eroded American's sense of moral integrity, four-year-old Cordelia Howard's embodiment of child martyrs like Little Eva earned her stardom. A decade later, rambunctious Lotta Crabtree reassured audiences that the spirit of the Wild West could revitalize a rebuilding nation. These performers embodied the imagined child as actors with the power to amaze, redeem, and liberate. The seemingly antithetical traits encouraged in child stars reflect what Americans at this time feared they lacked: intellect, virtue, daring, and above all authenticity. Forwarding current scholarship that examines the mid-nineteenth-century middle-class obsession with sincerity, this article locates the common factor behind each child's popularity: the ability to appear genuine. The artistic child became the source of artlessness; their seeming lack of guile became, itself, a commodity. My research builds upon current scholarship that finds popular culture a rich historical source. The success of theatrical child stars generated huge amounts of discourse in national and international journals, newspapers, letters, diaries, and memoirs concerning the relationship between childhood and nationhood. My research mines these sources, analyzing the motivations behind the nineteenth-century fascination with childhood and arguing that "the infant phenomenon" was closely interwoven with nation building. Although much of your journal's recent publications explore children and childhood outside the United States, I believe this article offers a transnational model for exploring childhood and the lives of children through the arts, entertainment, and performance. Too often theater is considered an anomalous world where historians fear to tread. This manuscript argues that child actors are in fact still children, whose public and private lives reflect much about their culture's hopes and fears.
Teaching Children Confidence in a High Tech World: The Netherlands 1950-1962
Authors: van Lente Dick
Published: May 2012

The article addresses the question how modern technologies were represented in a widely read illustrated magazine, Panorama, and in the comic for children which appeared on its final page. The article shows how technologies such as airplanes, robots and nuclear power, which were depicted and described in the magazine, also make their appearance, in a transformed way, in the comic story at the end of the magazine. This transformation is analyzed and it is argued that the children's stories may be read as an answer to the fears and uncertainties about these modern technologies that were common among adults at the time.
Le Livre, flambeau d'une vie: Igitur de Stéphane Mallarmé
Authors: Okamoto-MacPhail Aiko
Published: May 2012

This article examines Igitur by Stéphane Mallarmé and the central importance of light. For Mallarmé the word "light" is interchangeable with conscience, science, and also with the past participle of the verb "lire" as it is included in the word "lumière." Igitur's descent in the dark staircase symbolically indicates the development of universal language through the reading of a grimoire or a book of magic spells written by the genius of the poets of the past. When this development is achieved, the poet and the ideal beauty effectuate a mutual but distant communion by transforming themselves into two torches.
Le Moderne absolu?: Rimbaud et la contre-modernité
Authors: St. Clair Robert
Published: May 2012

Though Arthur Rimbaud's "modernity" can hardly be seriously questioned, the contours and stakes of that aesthetic posture continue to raise questions: is there room for considering him, as Antoine Compagnon does, an "anti-modern"? Is this theoretically any different from reading the poet as a fi gure of critical "counter-modernity"? Focusing on the historical conjuncture of the poet's work and the events of the année terrible , this article's point of departure is Rimbaud's oft-misunderstood and, as Henri Meschonnic fi rst pointed up, deeply ironic boutade from Une Saison en enfer , "Il faut être absolument moderne," discerning in it, and in the poetic production of 1870-1871, an oppositional ethos of counter-modernism that resists the "creative destruction" of the present in the name of a distinctly modern, if not revolutionary, political aesthetics.
Trading on Cultural Capital: Madame de Staël's Politics of Literature
Authors: Guenther Beatrice
Published: May 2012

This article examines how Staël was able to sustain her public status even while in exile, especially in light of her continued commitment to Revolutionary (although not strictly democratic) ideals and her public opposition to Napoleonic ideology. How she was able to keep her vision in circulation or, to draw on Pierre Bourdieu's terminology, how she traded on her cultural capital—her ideas and published commodities—is tracked by contrasting Staël's text on Jean-Jacques Rousseau, published at the beginning of her literary career, with Dix années d'exil (1820) and Considérations sur la Révolution française (1818), both published posthumously.
Spontaneity and Moral Certainty in Benjamin Constant's Adolphe
Authors: Conroy Melanie
Published: May 2012

Is it possible to do harm out of an excess of morality? In his novel Adolphe , Benjamin Constant suggests that it is all too easy for moral individuals to do harm in a modern, pluralist society like post-revolutionary France. Better known as a politician and writer of essays, Constant resorted to literature to convey his fear that the freedom to determine one's own morality would lead to a dangerous ethical impasse. Adolphe's disastrous actions result not so much from a defect in character as from a principled effort to satisfy all potential demands of morality, those deriving from absolute principles and those pertaining to the foreseeable consequences of one's actions.
Too Mad to Marry: Byron, Rousseau, Othello, and Stendhal's Octave de Malivert
Authors: Rosa George M.
Published: May 2012

Octave de Malivert, the Romantically despondent and rebellious protagonist of Stendhal's first novel, Armance (1827), has obvious affinities with the heroes of Byron's Romantic verse tales but exhibits more numerous, more profound affinities with Byron the man. This article investigates the latter affinities—and occasionally, where relevant, the former—particularly insofar as they serve to define the nature of Octave's relations with the woman he tragically loves, marries, and loses, Armance de Zohiloff. The article argues that Octave is psychologically identifi ed with Byron and, through him, with Rousseau and Othello in being afflicted by a form of Romantic madness that involves, among other things, passionate, unreasonable unhappiness, social maladjustment, resistance to love, sexual jealousy, self-incrimination, intense remorse, and a consuming need for expiation. These traits render Octave incapable of success or happiness in love and doom him to a Byronically fatal marriage and a Byronically premature—but redemptive—death.
The Dynamics of Power in Le Lys dans la vallée
Authors: De Vries Vicki
Published: May 2012

Balzac's Lys dans la vallée (1835) and the twenty-sixth novella of Marguerite de Navarre's Heptaméron (1558) that inspired it explore much of the same archetypal ground as the Pygmalion myth. Central to all three texts is the desire to shape an ideal companion. A side-by-side comparison of Balzac's and Marguerite's texts highlights aspects of Le Lys that are often under-emphasized, particularly Balzac's treatment of female characters. French and Raven's theory on the bases of social power provides an approach to analyzing the means by which the female protagonist attempts to shape her younger male admirer into the ideal love object.
The Origin of the Work of Art in Material Practice
Authors: Staten Henry
Published: May 2012

In recent decades, the Greek theory of techne has been known to a literary critical audience primarily through Heidegger’s essay “The Origin of the Work of Art.” Heidegger promotes the notion that for the Greeks, techne (“art” or “craft”) was not the active work of a willing, intentional subject, but rather an “allowing” of the upsurge of creation that the Greeks knew as physis, “nature.” In the present essay I show, first, that Aristotle in fact describes techne not as the allowing of natural creation but as the imparting of form on matter by a craftsman’s physical transmission of motion to tools, a transmission informed by the techne-knowledge of means and ends; and, second, I show how Luk´cs’s late account of the evolution of the labor process can be articulated with Aristotle’s account to produce a historicized, materialist theory of techne.
What Theory Can Learn from New Directions in Contemporary American Poetry
Authors: Altieri Charles
Published: May 2012

This essay develops three arguments. First, it elaborates how some contemporary poets who began working in experimental traditions are turning against the idea that the poem is primarily an aesthetic object emphasizing the material qualities of the medium. Instead, they seek to elaborate notions of rhetoric based on ideas of witnessing rather than on ideals of persuasion. Second, it supports that shift by proposing critiques of those modernist ideals based on the rejection of rhetoric. Finally, it turns to speech act theory as its ground for this new rhetoric. But it proposes replacing the hopelessly overdetermined concept of the “performative” by exploring three properties of the demonstrative—its capacity to invoke ethos, to express care and emotion, and to display paths to knowledge despite the fact that discursive explanation is not readily available. The poem demonstrates the usefulness of the demonstrative by a reading of Williams’ “Spring and All.”
On the Distinctiveness of Poetic Language
Authors: Benjamin Shoshana
Published: May 2012

Is there a real difference between literary and nonliterary language? Few people today would say yes, owing to the fact that ordinary language advocacy has largely succeeded in nullifying the idea of poetic language. My aim in this paper is to show that poetic language is indeed a distinct mode of expression. To that end, I depart from the comparative approach to the issue, which looks for similarities and differences between literary texts and nonliterary discourse, and adopt a generative perspective that considers how texts are produced and interpreted.
The Common Reader and the Archival Classroom: Disciplinary History for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Buurma Rachel Sagner , Heffernan Laura
Published: May 2012

The essay draws on archival research to reconstruct the midcentury classrooms of Cleanth Brooks and Edmund Wilson. Our description of these classrooms—the participants, texts, and the exemplary as well as the undertheorized moments gathered within them—dissolves the divisions between research and teaching, historicist and formalist methods, skeptical critics and invested common readers, disciplinary spaces and public ones, that have particularly plagued the discipline of English in recent years. In Brooks’s classroom—long figured as a foundational site for our discipline—we draw out, alongside Brooks’s strong theory of the marginal and rarified status of the literary, an array of alternate ways of attending and valuing literature’s connections to the world rather than its autonomy from it. In Wilson’s classrooms, we see how Wilson’s historicist research creates its own aesthetic and mode of value—one that links texts to life experience rather than sanctifying them within a timeless canon, one that sees literary value accrue to texts as they are read and interpreted over time by varying readerships. Like Wilson, we seek to practice an historicism that is critical and yet not only critical—one that turns to the least valued aspect of our discipline’s past in order to imagine possible futures for English.
Postcolonial Studies and the Challenge of Climate Change
Authors: Chakrabarty Dipesh
Published: May 2012

This article begins by describing how the figure of the human has been thought in anticolonial and postcolonial writing—as that of the rights-bearing citizen and as the “subject under erasure” of deconstructive thinking, respectively. The essay then goes on to show how the science of climate change foregrounds the idea of human beings’ collective geological agency in determining the climate of the planet, a move that makes the other two figures not redundant but inadequate to the task of imagining the human in the age of the Anthropocene. The article ends by arguing the necessity of our having to think of the human on multiple and incommensurable scales simultaneously, keeping all the three figures of the human in disjunctive association with one another.
Postcolonial Remains
Authors: Young Robert JC
Published: May 2012

In a reconsideration of the role of the postcolonial in the twenty-first century, the article focuses on contemporary issues that have involved what can be characterized as the politics of invisibility and of unreadability: indigenous struggles and their relation to settler colonialism, illegal migrants, and political Islam. It is argued that while none of these fall within the template of the classic paradigm of anticolonial struggles, they all involve postcolonial remains from the colonial past as well as prompting political insights that show the extent to which postcolonial perspectives continue to offer the basis of transformative critique.
Closeted Authority in The Tragedy of Mariam
Authors: Nesler Miranda Garno
Published: May 2012

This article argues that in The Tragedy of Mariam , Elizabeth Cary reveals to readers that the closet drama form and its relationship to conduct literature provided a socially protected space for women's public authorship and acting. According to didactic writers, closet writing was a silent and admissible performance for women because it occurred in ostensibly isolated locations. Yet publication and household acting increased the exposure of women's ideas and authorial agency, allowing women writers such as Cary to influence audiences beyond their own homes. Whether operating as authors by generating literary texts or as actors through the communal reading of closet dramas, women licensed their public expression by seeming safely enclosed. Cary not only enacts such disruptive compliance through the creation of her own text; but also uses her character Graphina to metadramatically comment on such activity.
Jonson's Textual Monument
Authors: Chalk Brian Patrick
Published: May 2012

This essay explores how, in his Roman tragedy Sejanus, Ben Jonson adapts a Roman sense of monumentality to his own literary project in order to assuage the tension between his immortalizing ambitions and the transitory nature of the medium for which he writes. By reading Sejanus in the context of the growing Jacobean interest in and revision of Roman modes of monumentality, as well as in the context of Jonson's investment in his lasting legacy, I argue that the play provides a textual monument to his conception of his artistic identity.
Common Customers in Marston's Dutch Courtesan and Florio's Montaigne
Authors: Hamlin William M.
Published: May 2012

This essay approaches The Dutch Courtesan from the perspective of a cultural equivalency that John Marston posits between prostitutes and translations: both are "common" and "adulterated." Marston draws here upon John Florio's prefatory remarks to Montaigne's Essayes, and he also relies heavily on Montaigne's account of "custome." I argue that this extended appropriation entails shifts in our understanding of the play's moral dynamics, particularly regarding Freevill. Just as Marston effaces his indebtedness to Montaigne, Freevill denies dependence upon Franceschina as he rises to a position of moral eminence. But in multiple ways, The Dutch Courtesan nonetheless exposes Freevill's fantasy of unfettered self-determination.
Money, Gender, and Conscience in Robert Wilson's The Three Ladies of London
Authors: Kermode Lloyd Edward
Published: May 2012

This essay argues that Robert Wilson's play The Three Ladies of London presents a conservative view of men being corrupted by women's temptations. In the process, however, Wilson at once reveals and obfuscates the irony of metaphorically feminizing the damaging practices of men in order to present men as helplessly drawn into female vice. He demonstrates the surprising symbiosis and relationships of the supposedly antithetical character groups of Love and Conscience on the one hand and Lucre and her henchmen on the other. Wilson thereby delineates his society's destruction of the ideals of London, citizenship, and Englishness, a dramatic tour de force of mimetic representation that pushes the limits of his allegorical mode.
Masculinity and Turkish Captivity in Swetnam, the Woman-Hater
Authors: Thauvette Chantelle
Published: May 2012

The anonymous play Swetnam, the Woman-Hater, Arraigned by Women (1620) provides new insight into the place of returning Turkish captives within the dominant construction of masculinity in Jacobean England. Emasculated by his participation in an unnecessary war and his implied Turkish captivity, Prince Lorenzo returns to Court not as himself but in Amazonian disguise. While the audience is at all times aware that Lorenzo is the rightful heir to the throne by birth, the play demonstrates Lorenzo's need, through disguise, duelling, and stage-craft, to perform masculinity in order to be recognized by the Court as a worthy male ruler.
Conflating Babel and Babylon in Tamburlaine 2
Authors: Sivefors Per
Published: May 2012

This essay argues that the second of Marlowe's Tamburlaine plays conflates two biblical narratives—those of the Tower of Babel and the fall of Babylon. While this conflation was widespread in early modern culture, Marlowe's play—unlike many other representations of these narratives—does not suggest reconciliation or salvation as an alternative to the tower or the fall of man. Instead, through its complex response to theological, political, and linguistic issues, Tamburlaine 2 depicts a world in which Babel and Babylon cannot be redeemed.
The Comedy of Errors and the Theology of Things
Authors: Finkelstein Richard
Published: May 2012

Hostile to both images and physical representations (and thus to theater), aniconic cultures in early modern England brought revolutionary changes that did not change everything. New histories of consumerism recognize that with the increasing prevalence of commodities in the sixteenth century, things were increasingly perceived to have meaning. Using theological and mercantile traditions associated with Ephesus, Shakespeare forges connections between spirit and physical capital to argue that being and having little but things might be redemptive. Rather than worry about spiritual redemption being subsumed to the physical, the comedy playfully envisions possibilities for redemption through things associated with the marketplace.
Risk, Distrust, and Ingratitude in Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida
Authors: Scott William O.
Published: May 2012

In Troilus and Cressida , cynical expectations about the political, military, or amatory behavior of others (as if on Hobbesian premises, which were foreshadowed by Jean Bodin) breed a debilitating sense of risk and distrust. Within both Greek and Trojan camps, perceptions that society is disintegrated, ungrateful, and false in its valuations debase the contests for honor into protective-yetfutile self-seeking. The lovers, Troilus and Cressida, feel vulnerable before each other, all the more in having confessed their weaknesses. As in one game-theory strategy, all seek the lesser (and illusory) gain to avert the damage that other parties may do.
Word Order in Russian Sign Language
Authors: Kimmelman Vadim
Published: May 2012

In this paper the results of an investigation of word order in Russian Sign Language (RSL) are presented. A small corpus of narratives based on comic strips by nine native signers was analyzed and a picturedescription experiment (based on Volterra et al. 1984) was conducted with six native signers. The results are the following: the most frequent word order in RSL is SVO for plain and agreeing verbs and SOV for classifier predicates. Some factors can influence the word order, namely aspect marking on the verb (favors OV), semantic reversibility of the situation (favors SVO) and "heaviness" (manifested in the presence of modifiers) of the object (favors VO). One of the findings of the investigation is that locative situations are described differently in the narratives and in the experimental settings: in the latter but not in the former case the OSV order is quite common. This may result from two different strategies of creating locative sentences: syntactic vs. spatial strategy.
The Effects of Electronic Communication on American Sign Language
Authors: Schneider Erin , Kozak L. Viola , Santiago Roberto , Stephen Anika
Published: May 2012

Technological and language innovation often flow in concert with one another. Casual observation by researchers has shown that electronic communication memes, in the form of abbreviations, have found their way into spoken English. This study focuses on the current use of electronic modes of communication, such as cell smartphones, and e-mail, and how they affect American Sign Language. This study explores Deaf ASL users' perceptions of the extent that these memes have entered their signed lexicon. While the research focuses on social factors of age and gender in order to compare the use of these abbreviations by specific groups.
"You Want What on Your P IZZA !?": Videophone and Video-Relay Service as Potential Influences on the Lexical Standardization of American Sign Language
Authors: Palmer Jeffrey Levi , Reynolds Wanette , Minor Rebecca
Published: May 2012

This pilot study examines whether the increased virtual "mobility" of ASL users via videophone and video-relay services is contributing to the standardization of ASL. In addition, language attitudes are identified and suggested to be influencing the perception of correct versus incorrect standard forms. ASL users around the country have their own regional variant forms of some signs. In the past decade, the spread of video-relay technology and video-relay services (VRS), has allowed Deaf callers to be more connected with other Deaf callers and interpreters across the country. This new technology allows signers the opportunity to be more exposed to regional sign variation. Awareness of regional variation and the skill level of video-relay interpreters are possible factors that may encourage Deaf consumers to limit usage of local or regional variants, replacing them with more standard forms. This study illustrates ways in which the interaction between video-relay interpreters and Deaf consumers across the country may be impacting the structure and use of ASL.
Staging Violence in Pig Iron Theatre Company’s Anodyne
Authors: DuComb Christian
Published: May 2012

Anodyne , an installation and performance staged by Pig Iron Theatre Company in 2001, opened with an exhibition of photographs of a displaced-persons camp in Poland in the immediate aftermath of World War II. In the second part of the piece, the audience watched a loose reenactment of these images and discovered in the process that the photographs were counterfeit. Drawing on Roland Barthes, Augusto Boal, and Tadeusz Kantor (among others), this essay argues that Anodyne flaunted both photography and theatre as techniques of staging. Taken as a whole, Anodyne did not assert that violence should remain untouched by art, but instead endeavored to make visible the distance that intervenes between representations of atrocity and what they purport to represent—a distance that much art about violence tries to conceal under the cover of its supposed status as authentic and evidentiary.
Compiling West Side Story ’s Parahistories, 1949–2009
Authors: Herrera Brian Eugenio
Published: May 2012

This essay takes the ostensibly bilingual 2009 revival of West Side Story on Broadway as a starting point to develop a synthetic history of the musical and its multiple histories, integrating not only the show’s genesis and early production history, but also the parallel histories (or “parahistories”) of revisal and critique informing the musical’s reception in the half-century since its 1957 premiere. By so tracing West Side Story ’s twining histories from the musical’s earliest beginnings in 1949 through the changesupon-changes marking its 2009 revival, the essay demonstrates how compiling West Side Story ’s parahistories helps to explain why one of the most canonical Broadway musicals of the twentieth century remains a source of controversy and contention in the twenty-first.
Performative Performances: A History and Theory of the “Copyright Performance”
Authors: Miller Derek
Published: May 2012

Copyright performances—one-time, semi-staged productions created solely to secure performing rights in a play—pervaded the late-nineteenth-century British stage. This essay explains the history and rationale of copyright performances, going on to explore how copyright performances’ growth exposed changes in theatrical commerce, while anticipating and spreading the minimal performance aesthetic that defined modern drama. Above all, this short-lived, aberrant practice reveals the tensions that arose from the evolving copyright law’s efforts to commodify theatrical performances.
Darkness Visible: The Early Melodrama of British Imperialism and the Commodification of History in Sheridan’s Pizarro
Authors: Van Kooy Dana
Published: May 2012

Richard Brinsley Sheridan’s Pizarro opened at Drury Lane in late May 1799 and proved to be one of the most popular dramas of the Romantic period. Situating Pizarro in the contexts of theatrical history and the history of British imperialism, this essay argues that Sheridan’s final play functioned more as an incipient melodrama than as a tragedy. Sheridan’s generic experimentation reflected a cultural transformation taking place within London’s theatres: the incorporation of melodramatic theatrics, a reliance upon spectacle, and the utilization of the theatre as a performance space in which political identities, human suffering, and historical events were negotiated and transformed into commodities. As a proto-melodrama, Pizarro staged complex, even oppositional ideological positions and produced a new form of theatricality that could map the conflicting, disparate, and inconsistent relationships that Britain maintained with its colonies.
Combination of Design Equation and Kinetic Modeling for a Batch-Recirculated Photoreactor at Photooxidative Removal of C.I. Acid Red 17
Authors: Behnajady Mohammad A. , Siliani-Behrouz Elham , Modirshahla Nasser
Published: May 2012

In this work, a design equation has been presented for a reactor composed of an annular photoreactor and a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with a batch-recirculated current. In this reactor the removal of a contaminant namely C.I. Acid Red 17 (AR17) that is a monoazo acidic dye by means of UV/H2O2 process has been investigated. AR17 kinetics in all cases follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. The effects of the operational parameters such as liquid volume inside the CSTR, volumetric flow rate and initial concentration of H2O2 in the removal efficiency have been surveyed. The results indicate that the increase in volumetric liquid rate increases the removal rate; also, the increase in the experimental liquid volume inside the CSTR decreases the removal efficiency. H2O2 concentration has a critical effect in the removal efficiency. A rate equation for removal of AR17 was achieved by kinetic modeling. Resulted equation was combined with mole balance equation for achieving final equation. The presented final design equation is thoroughly able to predict the reaction rate constant (kap1) under various conditions so that calculated and experimental results are in good agreement.
Survival and neonatal outcome after fetoscopic guided laser occlusion (FLOC) of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in Sweden
Authors: Halvorsen Cecilia Pegelow , Ek Sverker , Dellgren Annika , Grunewald Charlotta , Kublickas Marius , Westgren Magnus , Norman Mikael
Published: May 2012

Aim: To determine infant survival and neonatal outcome after fetoscopic laser treatment of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).

Results: In 53/71(75%) laser-treated TTTS cases, at least one twin was liveborn and in 42/71(59%) cases at least one twin survived infancy. Fetal survival did not differ between donors [41/71(58%)] and recipients [46/71(65%), P=0.36]. Among liveborns, infant survival was 29/41(71%) in donors and 36/46(78%) in recipients (P=0.12). Infant survival did not correlate to maternal characteristics (age, BMI, smoking or parity), gestational age at treatment or severity of TTTS (Quintero stage). No TTTS infant born before 25 weeks of gestation survived the first week. Among the 87 infant survivors, 26 (30%) had an Apgar score <7 at 5 min, 47 (54%) developed respiratory distress syndrome, 10 (11%) showed signs of severe brain damage, nine (10%) renal failure, eight (9%) bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and five (6%) infants developed retinopathy of prematurity ≥stage 3. There was no significant difference in neonatal morbidity between recipients and donors.

Conclusions: Fetal survival after laser treatment was comparable to that reported by other international centers. There was no significant difference in survival or neonatal morbidity between donors and recipients. Major neonatal morbidity was common, and combined with extremely preterm delivery the prognosis of TTTS is poor.
Reactor Dosimetry and RPV Life Management
Authors: Belousov S. , Ilieva K. , Mitev M.
Published: May 2012

Reactor dosimetry (RD) is a tool that provides data for neutron fluence accumulated over the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) during the reactor operation. This information, however, is not sufficient for RPV lifetime assessment. The life management of RPV is a multidisciplinary task. To assess whether the RPV steel properties at the current stage (for actual accumulated neutron fluence) of reactor operation are still “safe enough,” the dependence of material properties on the fluence must be known; this is a task for material science (MS). Moreover, the mechanical loading over the RPV during normal operation and accidences have to be known, as well, for evaluation, if the RPV material integrity in this loading condition and existing cracks is provided. The crack loading path in terms of stress intensity factor is carried out by structural analyses (SA). Pressure and temperature distribution over RPV used in these analyses are obtained from a thermal hydraulic (TH) calculation. The conjunction of RD and other disciplines in RPV integrity assessment is analyzed in accordance with the FFP (fitness for purpose) approach. It could help to improve the efficiency in multi-disciplinary tasks solutions.
Neutron Flux Reduction Programs for Reactor Pressure Vessel of Korea Nuclear Unit 1
Authors: Yoo Choon Sung , Kim Byoung Chul
Published: May 2012

The objective of this work is to implement various fast neutron flux reduction programs on the beltline region of the reactor pressure vessel to reduce the increasing rate of reference temperature for pressurized thermal shock (RTPTS) for Korea Nuclear Unit 1. A pressurized thermal shock (PTS) event is an event or transient in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) causing severe overcooling (thermal shock) concurrent with or followed by significant pressure in the reactor vessel. A PTS concern arises if one of these transients acts in the beltline region of a reactor vessel where a reduced fracture resistance exists because of neutron irradiation. Generally, the RTPTS value is continuously increasing according to the fast neutron irradiation during the reactor operation, and it can reach the screening criterion prior to the expiration of the operating license. To reduce the increasing rate of RTPTS, various neutron flux reduction programs can be implemented, which are focused on license renewal. In this paper, neutron flux reduction programs, such as low leakage loading pattern strategy, loading of neutron absorber rods, and dummy fuel assembly loading are considered for Korea Nuclear Unit 1, of which the RTPTS value of the leading material (circumferential weld) is going to reach the screening criterion in the near future. To evaluate the effects of the neutron flux reduction programs, plant and cycle specific forward neutron transport calculations for the various neutron flux reduction programs were carried out. For the analysis, all transport calculations were carried out by using the DORT 3.1 discrete ordinate code and BUGLE-96 cross-section library.
Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Correlation for TiO2-Water Nanofluids
Authors: Suriyawong A. , Dalkilic A. S. , Wongwises S.
Published: May 2012

This paper is a continuation of the authors’ previous work on the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of nanofluids [Suriyawong, A. and Wongwises, S., “Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of TiO2-water nanofluids at very low concentrations,” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., Vol. 34, No. 8, 2010, pp. 992–999.] This study presents new correlation for predicting heat transfer coefficient for nucleate pool boiling of TiO2-water nanofluids at several low concentrations. Unlike most previous studies, the proposed correlation consists of various relevant factors. Two horizontal circular plates made from copper and aluminum with different surface roughness values are used as heating surfaces. Because the calculation concerns with properties of nanofluids, this research uses various correlations from previous studies to find the properties of nanofluids and the best one is selected for the presentation. Compared with measured data of nucleate pool boiling of water and nanofluids from present and previous studies, it was found that the developed correlation could be used for prediction at a certain level.
Estimation of a Safe Level for Occupational Exposure to Vinyl Chloride Using a Benchmark Dose Method in Central China
Authors: Jiao Jie , Feng Nan‐nan , Li Yong , Sun Yuan , Yao Wu , Wang Wei , Zhang Guang‐hui , Sun Shi‐yi , Tan Hong‐shan , Wang Qi , Zhu Yiliang , Li Yongliang , Brandt‐Rauf Paul W. , Xia Zhao‐lin
Published: May 2012

Estimation of a Safe Level for Occupational Exposure to Vinyl Chloride Using a Benchmark Dose Method in Central China: Jie JIAO, et al. Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, China—

Objectives

The aim of this study was to estimate a benchmark dose (BMD) for chromosome damage induced by vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in VCMexposed workers in central China and validate the published results in Shanghai.

Methods

VCMexposed workers who had been exposed to VCM for at least one year (n=463) and matched subjects not exposed to VCM or other toxins (n=273) were asked to participate in this study. Micronucleus (MN) frequency based on the cytokinesis‐block micronucleus assay (CBMN) was used as a biomarker for chromosome damage induced by VCM exposure.

Results

The MN frequency in the VCM‐exposed workers was significantly higher than that in the control group, and multivariate Poisson regression suggested that gender, smoking status and VCM exposure were the significant factors influencing the risk of increased MN frequency. When subjects were further stratified according to gender and smoking status, the results showed that female VCMexposed workers were more susceptible than the males to the risk of increased MN frequency. The MN frequency of smokers was significantly higher than that of nonsmokers in the control group. Our study also suggested that there was a strong dose‐response relationship between VCM CED and the increased risk of MN frequency in the total group, males and females. The BMDL10 was found to be 630.6, 670.2 and 273.7 mgyear for all VCM‐exposed workers, males and females, respectively.

Conclusions

These results invite further scrutiny of the current VCM occupational exposure limits and warrant further study of the risk of VCM genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.
Atmosfera controlada para o armazenamento de goiaba cultivar 'Paluma'
Authors: Brackmann Auri , Anese Rogério de Oliveira , Both Vanderlei , Thewes Fabio Rodrigo , Fronza Diniz
Published: May 2012

A goiaba é uma fruta que apresenta alta perecibilidade, sendo o armazenamento em Atmosfera Controlada (AC) uma técnica que pode prolongar a vida pós-colheita, mantendo sua qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a melhor condição de armazenamento em AC para a conservação da qualidade da goiaba, cultivar 'Paluma'. O experimento foi conduzido no Delineamento em Blocos ao Acaso, com os tratamentos: [1] 20,9 kPa O2 + 0,03 kPa CO2 (AR - testemunha); [2] 1,0 kPa O2 + 2,0 kPa CO2; [3] 2,0 kPa O2 + 2,0 kPa CO2; [4] 3,0 kPa O2 + 2,0 kPa CO2; e [5] 3,0 kPa O2 + 4,0 kPa CO2. Todos os frutos foram armazenados à temperatura de 8°C (±0,2) sob umidade relativa de 95% (±2,0). Após 28 dias de armazenamento, os frutos foram avaliados quanto às suas características físico-químicas. A melhor conservação da goiaba cultivar 'Paluma' em AC foi obtida com O2 entre 1 e 2 kPa, combinado com 2 kPa de CO2. Estas condições reduziram a degradação da coloração verde da epiderme, a perda de firmeza e de acidez e mantiveram a coloração da polpa com mais eficiência; porém, a alta ocorrência de podridões durante a vida de prateleira é o fator que limita o período de conservação desta goiaba.
Análise econômica da produtividade de grãos de milho consorciado com forrageiras dos gêneros Brachiaria e Panicum em sistema plantio direto
Authors: Garcia Cássia Maria de Paula , Andreotti Marcelo , Tarsitano Maria Aparecida Anselmo , Teixeira Filho Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto , Lima Ana Elisa da Silva , Buzetti Salatiér
Published: May 2012

O sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) é uma alternativa de recuperação e renovação de pastagens degradadas, contudo, é importante mostrar sua viabilidade econômica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a produtividade de grãos e os resultados econômicos de modalidades do cultivo de milho com forrageiras dos gêneros Panicum e Brachiaria, na ILP, em sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi conduzido no ano agrícola de 2009/2010, em Selvíria-MS, em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por oito modalidades de cultivo do milho consorciado, simultaneamente e por ocasião da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura com as forrageiras Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG-5, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia e cv. Mombaça. A análise dos custos operacionais foi baseada nos preços de insumos e operações e a receita bruta no preço médio de venda do milho no Estado de São Paulo. Os sistemas de cultivo não reduziram a produtividade de grãos em relação ao milho cultivado sem consórcio, e o consórcio mais recomendado é o milho cultivado com B. ruziziensis, principalmente em semeadura simultânea, pois além de ter sido um dos mais produtivos, o preço dessa semente é o mais acessível, vindo alcançar maior Índice de Lucratividade que os demais tratamentos. Em geral, os cultivos simultâneos foram os mais produtivos, vindo a apresentar maior Receita Bruta, Custo Operacional Total (devido à aplicação do herbicida Sanson), menor Lucro Operacional (com exceção do MBS) e maior Índice de Lucratividade.
Desempenho operacional e custos de um trator na irrigação pós-plantio de eucalipto em campo
Authors: Simões Danilo , Silva Magali Ribeiro da
Published: May 2012

O alto investimento em operações agroflorestais mecanizadas implica a definição segura de qual será a máquina mais preconizada para a otimização da operação, vinculada aos menores custos envolvidos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho operacional e econômico da operação silvicultural de irrigação pós-plantio de eucalipto a campo. A análise técnica englobou um estudo de tempos e movimentos e, a análise econômica, as variáveis do custo operacional, custo de produção e rendimento energético. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que, para áreas de reflorestamento de eucalipto em primeira e terceira rotação, não há uma diferença da capacidade de campo efetiva para a operação de irrigação pós-plantio. Em decorrência do dispêndio com tempos improdutivos, houve uma redução significativa na capacidade de campo operacional e, consequentemente, uma elevação no custo de produção.
Drying kinetics of jatropha seeds
Authors: Siqueira Valdiney Cambuy , Resende Osvaldo , Chaves Tarcísio Honório
Published: May 2012

Given the necessity of developing jatropha cultivation equipment, this work adjusted different mathematical models to experimental data obtained from the drying of jatropha seeds submitted to different drying conditions and selected the best model to describe the drying process. The experiment was carried out at the Federal Institute of Goiás - Rio Verde Campus. Seeds with initial moisture content of approximately 0.50 (kg water/kg dry matter) were dried in a forced air-ventilated oven, at temperatures of 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105°C to moisture content of 0.10 ± 0.005 (kg water/kg dry matter). The experimental data were adjusted to 11 mathematical models to represent the drying process of agricultural products. The models were compared using the coefficient of determination, chi-square test, relative mean error, estimated mean error and residual distribution. It was found that the increase in the air temperature caused a reduction in the drying time of seeds. The models Midilli and Two Terms were suitable to represent the drying process of Jatropha seeds and between them the use of the Midili model is recommended due to its greater simplicity.
Incidência e controle químico da ferrugem da goiabeira em diferentes épocas de poda na região norte do Espírito Santo
Authors: Martins Marlon Vagner Valentim , Serrano Luiz Augusto Lopes , Lima Inorbert de Melo , Oliveira Erik Bravim de
Published: May 2012

No norte do Estado do Espírito Santo, vem sendo observada a ocorrência crescente da ferrugem (Puccinia psidii G. Winter) nos pomares de goiabeira, ocasionando a queda de frutos novos e o declínio na produção. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar tratamentos com fungicidas no controle da ferrugem em goiabeiras 'Paluma' podadas em diferentes épocas do ano. Foram realizados três experimentos, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com diferentes épocas de poda de frutificação (janeiro; maio e outubro) e quatro tratamentos fungicidas (I- testemunha - aplicação de água, II- oxicloreto de cobre, III- tebuconazole e IV- tebuconazole + oxicloreto de cobre). Observou-se que, quando a poda foi realizada em janeiro, houve as maiores incidências máxima e final da doença, acarretando menor número de frutos por planta. Dentre os fungicidas testados, tebuconazole isolado ou em mistura com oxicloreto de cobre foram os mais eficientes em controlar a doença nas três épocas de poda, inclusive na época de maior incidência da doença. Quatro pulverizações com tebuconazole, isolado ou em mistura com o oxicloreto de cobre, foram suficientes para minimizar os danos causados pela ferrugem da goiabeira.
Germinação, crescimento e desenvolvimento in vitro de orquídeas (Cattleya spp., Orchidaceae)
Authors: Schneiders Danieli , Pescador Rosete , Booz Maristela Raitz , Suzuki Rogério Mamoru
Published: May 2012

As orquídeas no ambiente natural sofrem exploração devido a sua importância ornamental, levando algumas espécies à extinção. O cultivo in vitro é uma forma alternativa para a conservação ex-situ. Procurou-se determinar um meio de cultura eficiente para a germinação in vitro de sementes e o crescimento inicial de plântulas de Cattleya forbesii, bem como para o crescimento de plântulas in vitro de Cattleya harrisoniana. No primeiro caso, sementes foram inoculadas em meio de cultura básico de Murashige & Skoog (MS) = T1 e MS básico acrescido de 2,5 g L-1 de carvão ativado (CA) = T2. No segundo, plântulas com 1 ± 0,2 cm de altura foram submetidas aos tratamentos T1, T2, MS com a metade da concentração original de macro-micronutrientes (T3) e MS com a metade da concentração original de macro-micronutrientes suplementado com 1,25 g L-1 de CA (T4). Verificou-se aos 30 dias em C. forbesii uma porcentagem de germinação de 45% em T1 e 90% em T2. A adição de CA ao meio de cultura trouxe aumento na altura de plântulas de C. forbesii de acordo com análises realizadas aos 180 dias de cultivo. Em relação ao crescimento de C. harrisoniana, aos 240 dias observou-se que todos os parâmetros médios avaliados (altura da parte aérea, massa de matéria fresca total, número de raízes e folhas, comprimento da maior raiz e diâmetro do pseudocaule) foram significativamente maiores em T2. Dessa forma, sugere-se o uso do meio MS acrescido de 2,5 g L-1 de CA (T2), uma vez que é significativamente favorável tanto para a germinação de sementes quanto para o crescimento de ambas as espécies.
Características morfoagronômicas do milho submetido a diferentes níveis de desfolha manual
Authors: Pereira Marcel José Roma , Bonan Everton César Biazotti , Garcia Anice , Vasconcelos Ricardo de Lima , Gíacomo Karina dos Santos , Lima Marcelo Ferreira
Published: May 2012

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os danos causados pela desfolha na cultura do milho. O experimento foi desenvolvido no ano agrícola 2005/2006, na Fazenda Roma, localizada no município de Ituverava, Estado de São Paulo. Para a sua concretização utilizou-se o híbrido triplo CODETEC 304®. O experimento foi composto de parcelas subdivididas, que foram distribuídas em três blocos de forma casualizada, apresentando como tratamento principal a desfolha manual (30, 40, 60 e 80% de desfolha) e como secundário as fases fenológicas da cultura D1 (sete folhas completamente desenvolvidas), D2 (quando as plantas apresentam-se na fase de pendoamento) e D3 (quando as plantas apresentam-se na fase de enchimento de grãos-grãos leitosos) com três repetições para cada tratamento e uma parcela controle (0% de desfolha) para cada bloco. Foram avaliados a produção de grãos das parcelas (g/m²), o tamanho médio das espigas despalhadas (cm) e o peso médio de 1.000 grãos (g). Para o presente estudo, concluiu-se que as relações fonte-dreno foram afetadas negativamente em que a desfolha de 80% foi a que mais afetou todas variáveis, portanto é um nível de desfolha responsável pelas maiores perdas, não havendo meios de compensação para a cultura do milho.