bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-Hospital Outcome Of Acute Coronary Syndrome In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sarker Dilip Kumar , Haque KMHS Sirajul , Siddique Md Abu , Ahmed Md Khurshed , Rahman Fazlur , Mahmood Manzoor , Hoque Md Harisul , Zaman SM Mustafa , Rahman Md Mukhlesur , Islam Md Sirajul , Habib SM Ahsan , Sultan Md Ashraf Uddin , Joarder Ariful Islam
Published: December 2016

Diabetes mellitus adversely influences the outcome of acute coronary syndrome. This study evaluated the in-hospital outcome of acute coronary syndrome in patients with diabetes mellitus. In this prospective observation study 130 patients with acute coronary syndrome were enrolled. They were divided into diabetic and nondiabetic group. Diabetic patients were taken as case and nondiabetic patients as control. Outcome parameter studied were in-hospital mortality, cardiogenic shock, congestive heart failure, different arrhythmias and recurrent angina. In this study, one third (32%) of the patients were diabetic with mean age 58±10.0 years vs. 53.0±13.6 years in diabetic and nondiabetic group, respectively. Majority of the patients in both groups were male. Congestive heart failure and arrhythmias were more common in case group compared to those in control group (19% vs. 13.6% p=0.424; 23.8% vs. 13.6%, p= 0.148, respectively). Cardiogenic shock developed in 7.1% of diabetic patients and 8% of nondiabetic patients. In hospital mortality was 7.1% and 5.7% in diabetic and nondiabetic group, respectively. Recurrent angina developed only in diabetic patients. Therefore, diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome encountered more in- hospital adverse outcome.   doi: 10.3329/uhj.v5i1.3437 University Heart Journal Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2009 24-27
Evidence based optimization of medical therapy in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Fatema Nilufar , Sharma Rakash , Wilson Phillip Poole , Galloway Colin
Published: December 2016

Despite of modern medical treatment heart failure patients suffer frequently. The optimization of medical therapy is an emphasis for these patients. Device therapy has been showed some improvement in prognosis but nonresponder rate is still 30% in many large trails. So, selection of patients for devices is important as these are expensive. Optimization of medical treatment is the priority and device can be used as an additional option.   doi: 10.3329/uhj.v5i1.3439 University Heart Journal Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2009 32-35
Role of Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention for Hypertension
Authors: Rahman Md Shahidur , Salek AKM
Published: December 2016

Physical exercise is found to have positive health and well being of a person since time immemorial. Regular exercise has proved to normalize the elevated blood pressure of mild to moderate intensity by many studies. The blood pressure response to such exercise may also be used to screen normotensive persons for the risk of developing elevated blood pressure. For mild hypertension aerobic exercise and life style changes such as weight loss, dietary changes such as salt restriction and cessation of smoking are probably better choices. In moderate to severe essential hypertension, exercise should be combined with life style changes and medication. The aim of this review study is to delineate the effect of exercise in the control of elevated blood pressure. Methods used were analysis of the published article collected from the internet and other sources. The specific aims were to emphasis the importance of exercise as therapeutic intervention for the control of hypertension.   doi: 10.3329/uhj.v5i1.3440 University Heart Journal Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2009 36-39
Left main coronary angioplasty  A case report
Authors: Zaman SM Mustafa , Sinha Masud , Karmakar Prodip Kumar , Rahman Sufia , Hoque Md Harisul , Joarder Ariful Islam
Published: December 2016

A 52 years lady presented with chest pain and shortness of breath. Chest pain was initially CCS class II and gradually CCS class III. Coronary angiogram reveals triple vessel disease for which she underwent CABG (RSVG to LAD) in December 1999. On January 2003 PTCA with stent (sirolimus - 3 x 15m m) to LCX was done. She again complaints of chest pain after a short symptom less period. Recent coronary angiogram revealed TVD with left main involvement. In this article we will describe a rare case of successful stenting in left main disease.   doi: 10.3329/uhj.v5i1.3441 University Heart Journal Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2009 40-41
Presence, Kinesic Description, and Literary Reading
Authors: Irving Dan
Published: December 2016

In light of the oft-cited critique of a ‘mimetic bias’ in narrative theory, and especially in cognitive narratology, I propose that insights from embodied (or ‘second-generation’) cognitive science, particularly those dealing with kinesic and proprioceptive intelligence – that is, experience-derived knowledge of how movement and body position affect perception – can help shed light on a range of ‘weak’ narratives ( McHale 2001 ). Taking as a case study two short pieces by the contemporary American author Lydia Davis, I extend arguments made by Abbott (2013) and Pettersson (2012) regarding hermeneutical and experiential modes of thinking about reading. The presence-based mode of reading I outline here embraces the inherently embodied, multisensory aspects of both multimodal (The Cows) and ostensibly monomodal (or text-only) narratives (‘Oral History [With Hiccups]’). In what follows, I discuss the possibility of kinesic and proprioceptive description – sentences that describe and subsequently tap into innate knowledge of bodily movement and position as it relates to perception – being understood as affordances for feeling ‘present’ in a storyworld.
Study on the Load Distribution and Dynamic Characteristics of a Thin-Walled Integrated Squirrel-Cage Supporting Roller Bearing
Authors: Mao Yuze , Wang Liqin , Zhang Chuanwei
Published: December 2016

Thin-walled integrated flexible support structures are the major trend in the development of current rolling bearing technology. A thin-walled, integrated, squirrel-cage flexible support roller bearing, quasi-dynamic iterative finite element analysis (FEA) model is established in this paper. The FEA model is used to calculate the structural deformation of the thin-wall rings and support structures; the dynamic characteristics of the bearing are analyzed using the noncircular bearing modified quasi-dynamic model. The influence of the integrated flexible support structure on the internal load distribution and the dynamic characteristics of the roller bearing are analyzed. The results indicate that with the support of a flexible squirrel-cage, the maximum contact load is decreased by 14.2%, the loading region is enlarged by 25%, the cage slide ratio is reduced by 24%, and the fatigue life is increased by more than 50%. In addition, as the ring wall thickness increased, the results increasingly approached those under a rigid assumption.
Green High-Yielding One-Pot Approach to Biginelli Reaction under Catalyst-Free and Solvent-Free Ball Milling Conditions
Authors: Ould M’hamed Mohamed , Alshammari Abdulrahman , Lemine O.
Published: December 2016

A simple, green, and efficient approach was used to synthesize 3,4-dihydropyrimidines derivatives. We showed that the application of the planetary ball milling method with a ball-to-reagent weight ratio of 8 for the Biginelli reaction provides 3,4-dihydropyrimidines derivatives with excellent yields (>98%) in a short reaction time from the one-pot, three-component condensation of aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and urea (or thiourea).
Peripheral Inflammatory Markers Contributing to Comorbidities in Autism
Authors: Inga Jácome Martha , Morales Chacòn Lilia , Vera Cuesta Hector , Maragoto Rizo Carlos , Whilby Santiesteban Mabel , Ramos Hernandez Lesyanis , Noris García Elena , González Fraguela Maria , Fernandez Verdecia Caridad , Vegas Hurtado Yamilé , Siniscalco Dario , Gonçalves Carlos , Robinson-Agramonte Maria
Published: December 2016

This study evaluates the contribution of peripheral biomarkers to comorbidities and clinical findings in autism. Seventeen autistic children and age-matched typically developing (AMTD), between three to nine years old were evaluated. The diagnostic followed the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition (DMS-IV) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was applied to classify the severity. Cytokine profile was evaluated in plasma using a sandwich type ELISA. Paraclinical events included electroencephalography (EEG) record. Statistical analysis was done to explore significant differences in cytokine profile between autism and AMTD groups and respect clinical and paraclinical parameters. Significant differences were found to IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-12p40, and IL-12p70 cytokines in individuals with autism compared with AMTD (p < 0.05). All autistic patients showed interictalepileptiform activity at EEG, however, only 37.5% suffered epilepsy. There was not a regional focalization of the abnormalities that were detectable with EEG in autistic patients with history of epilepsy. A higher IL-6 level was observed in patients without history of epilepsy with interictalepileptiform activity in the frontal brain region, p < 0.05. In conclusion, peripheral inflammatory markers might be useful as potential biomarkers to predict comorbidities in autism as well as reinforce and aid informed decision-making related to EEG findings in children with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
Theory of Plasmons for Two-Dimensional Materials in the Random Phase Approximation
Authors: Ichikawa Masakazu
Published: December 2016

A theory is derived for plasmons in two-dimensional (2D) materials by using three-dimensional (3D) plasmon theory, which was reported previously in the random phase approximation under high frequency conditions. When the 3D local electron density is expressed by the 2D local electron density n 2 D multiplied by the delta function in the thickness direction, a self-consistent integral equation for the scalar potential is derived using only n 2 D and the 2D Coulomb potential. The integral equation consists of the edge and planar plasmon terms which give their resonant frequencies. These frequencies are analytically calculated for uniform 2D atomic layers and nanodisks with step function-like electron densities at their edges. The light emission intensities from the nanodisks are also calculated. These frequencies are compared with those for the 2D and 3D Weyl fermions, i.e., massless Dirac fermions.
New Cross-Talk Layer between Ultraconserved Non-Coding RNAs, MicroRNAs and Polycomb Protein YY1 in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Terreri Sara , Durso Montano , Colonna Vincenza , Romanelli Alessandra , Terracciano Daniela , Ferro Matteo , Perdonà Sisto , Castaldo Luigi , Febbraio Ferdinando , De Nigris Filomena , Cimmino Amelia
Published: December 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved elements in mammals, and exert key regulatory functions. Growing evidence shows that miRNAs can interact with another class of non-coding RNAs, so-called transcribed ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs), which take part in transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic regulation processes. We report here the interaction of miRNAs and T-UCRs as a network modulating the availability of these non-coding RNAs in bladder cancer cells. In our cell system, antagomiR-596 increased the expression of T-UCR 201+. Moreover, T-UCR 8+ silencing increased miR-596 expression, which in turn reduced total T-UCR 283+, showing that the perturbation of one element in this network changes the expression of other interactors. In addition, we identify the polycomb protein Yin Yang 1 (YY1) as mediator of binding between miR-596 and T-UCR 8+. These new findings describe for the first time a network between T-UCRs, miRNAs and YY1 protein, highlighting the existence of an additional layer of gene expression regulation.
Differential Impacts of Alternative Splicing Networks on Apoptosis
Authors: Lin Jung-Chun , Tsao Mei-Fen , Lin Ying-Ju
Published: December 2016

Apoptosis functions as a common mechanism to eliminate unnecessary or damaged cells during cell renewal and tissue development in multicellular organisms. More than 200 proteins constitute complex networks involved in apoptotic regulation. Imbalanced expressions of apoptosis-related factors frequently lead to malignant diseases. The biological functions of several apoptotic factors are manipulated through alternative splicing mechanisms which expand gene diversity by generating discrete variants from one messenger RNA precursor. It is widely observed that alternatively-spliced variants encoded from apoptosis-related genes exhibit differential effects on apoptotic regulation. Alternative splicing events are meticulously regulated by the interplay between trans-splicing factors and cis-responsive elements surrounding the regulated exons. The major focus of this review is to highlight recent studies that illustrate the influences of alternative splicing networks on apoptotic regulation which participates in diverse cellular processes and diseases.
Application of Semipermeable Membranes in Glucose Biosensing
Authors: Kulkarni Tanmay , Slaughter Gymama
Published: December 2016

Glucose biosensors have received significant attention in recent years due to the escalating mortality rate of diabetes mellitus. Although there is currently no cure for diabetes mellitus, individuals living with diabetes can lead a normal life by maintaining tight control of their blood glucose levels using glucose biosensors (e.g., glucometers). Current research in the field is focused on the optimization and improvement in the performance of glucose biosensors by employing a variety of glucose selective enzymes, mediators and semipermeable membranes to improve the electron transfer between the active center of the enzyme and the electrode substrate. Herein, we summarize the different semipermeable membranes used in the fabrication of the glucose biosensor, that result in improved biosensor sensitivity, selectivity, dynamic range, response time and stability.
Influence of Asymmetry and Driving Forces on the Propulsion of Bubble-Propelled Catalytic Micromotors
Authors: Hayakawa Masayuki , Onoe Hiroaki , Nagai Ken , Takinoue Masahiro
Published: December 2016

Bubble-propelled catalytic micromotors have recently been attracting much attention. A bubble-propulsion mechanism has the advantage of producing a stronger force and higher speed than other mechanisms for catalytic micromotors, but the nature of the fluctuated bubble generation process affects the motions of the micromotors, making it difficult to control their motions. Thus, understanding of the influence of fluctuating bubble propulsion on the motions of catalytic micromotors is important in exploiting the advantages of bubble-propelled micromotors. Here, we report experimental demonstrations of the bubble-propelled motions of propeller-shaped micromotors and numerical analyses of the influence of fluctuating bubble propulsion on the motions of propeller-shaped micromotors. We found that motions such as trochoid-like motion and circular motion emerged depending on the magnitude or symmetricity of fluctuations in the bubble-propulsion process. We hope that those results will help in the construction and application of sophisticated bubble-propelled micromotors in the future.
A Versatile Bonding Method for PDMS and SU-8 and Its Application towards a Multifunctional Microfluidic Device
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Chen Pan , Liu Kegang , Escobedo Carlos
Published: December 2016

This paper reports a versatile and irreversible bonding method for poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and SU-8. The method is based on epoxide opening and dehydration reactions between surface-modified PDMS and SU-8. A PDMS replica is first activated via the low-cost lab equipment, i.e., the oxygen plasma cleaner or the corona treater. Then both SU-8 and plasma-treated PDMS samples are functionalized using hydrolyzed (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). Ultimately, the samples are simply brought into contact and heated to enable covalent bonding. The molecular coupling and chemical reactions behind the bonding occurring at the surfaces were characterized by water contact angle measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The reliability of bonded PDMS-SU-8 samples was examined by using tensile strength and leakage tests, which revealed a bonding strength of over 1.4 MPa. The presented bonding method was also applied to create a metal-SU-8-PDMS hybrid device, which integrated SU-8 microfluidic structures and microelectrodes. This hybrid system was used for the effective trapping of microparticles on-chip, and the selective releasing and identification of predefined trapped microparticles. The hybrid fabrication approach presented here, based on the PDMS-SU-8 bonding, enables multifunctional integration in complex microfluidic devices.
Mineralogical Composition of Urinary Stones and Their Frequency in Patients: Relationship to Gender and Age
Authors: Keshavarzi Behnam , Yavar Ashayeri Nasrin , Moore Farid , Irani Dariush , Asadi Sina , Zarasvandi Alireza , Salari Mehrdad
Published: December 2016

This investigation reports the mineralogy and possible pathological significance of urinary stones removed from patients in Fars province, Iran. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarizing microscope (PM) techniques were used to investigate the mineralogical compositions of urinary stones. The identified mineral components include whewellite, weddellite, hydroxyapatite, uricite and cystine. These techniques revealed that the whewellite and uricite were the most common mineral phases. Platy-like/monoclinic whewellite, prismatic/monoclinic uric acid and hexagonal cystine crystals were revealed by SEM. Biominerals (calcium carbonate) and quartz were also identified in PM images. Of the variables determining the type of precipitated minerals, the effects of pH on depositional conditions proved to be the most apparent parameter, as shown by occurrences and relationships among the studied minerals. Our results revealed the importance of detailed knowledge of mineralogical composition in assessing the effects of age and sex. The highest incidence of urinary stones was observed in the 40–60 age group. Calcium oxalate and uric acid stones are more frequent in men than women. Finally, the study concluded that knowledge of the mineralogical composition of urinary stones is important as it helps the scientific community to explain the chemistry and the etiology of the calculi in the urinary system.
Design and Synthesis of Vandetanib Derivatives Containing Nitroimidazole Groups as Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Normoxia and Hypoxia
Authors: Wei Huiqiang , Li Deguan , Yang Xiangbo , Shang Haihua , Fan Saijun , Li Yiliang , Song Dan
Published: December 2016

Sixteen novel epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-2 inhibitors (nitroimidazole-substituted 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives (16a–p)) were designed and prepared via the introduction of a nitroimidazole group in the piperidine side chain and modification on the aniline moiety of vandetanib. Preliminary biological tests showed that comparing with vandetanib, some target compounds exhibited excellent EGFR inhibitory activities and anti-proliferative over A549/H446 cells in hypoxia. Meanwhile, several of the above compounds demonstrated better bioactivity than vandetanib in VEGF gene expression inhibition. Owing to the excellent IC50 value (1.64 μmol/L), the inhibition ratios of 16f over A549 and H446 cells were 62.01% and 59.86% at the concentration of 0.5 μM in hypoxia, respectively. All of these results indicated that 16f was a potential cancer therapeutic agent in hypoxia and was worthy of further development.
Long-Term Stability of New Co-Amorphous Drug Binary Systems: Study of Glass Transitions as a Function of Composition and Shelf Time
Authors: Martínez Luz , Videa Marcelo , Sosa Nahida , Ramírez José , Castro Samuel
Published: December 2016

The amorphous state is of particular interest in the pharmaceutical industry due to the higher solubility that amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredients show compared to their respective crystalline forms. Due to their thermodynamic instability, drugs in the amorphous state tend to recrystallize; in order to avoid crystallization, it has been a common strategy to add a second component to hinder the crystalline state and form a thermally stable co-amorphous system, that is to say, an amorphous binary system which retains its amorphous structure. The second component can be a small molecule excipient (such as a sugar or an aminoacid) or a second drug, with the advantage that a second active pharmaceutical ingredient could be used for complementary or combined therapeutic purposes. In most cases, the compositions studied are limited to 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 molar ratios, leaving a gap of information about phase transitions and stability on the amorphous state in a wider range of compositions. In the present work, a study of novel co–amorphous formulations in which the selection of the active pharmaceutical ingredients was made according to the therapeutic effect is presented. Resistance against crystallization and behavior of glass transition temperature ( T g were studied through calorimetric measurements as a function of composition and shelf time. It was found that binary formulations with T g temperatures higher than those of pure components presented long-term thermal stability. In addition, significant increments of T g values, of as much as 15 ∘ C, were detected as a result of glass relaxation at room temperature during storage time; this behavior of glass transition has not been previously reported for co-amorphous drugs. Based on these results, it can be concluded that monitoring behavior of T g and relaxation processes during the first weeks of storage leads to a more objective evaluation of the thermomechanical stability of an amorphous formulation.
Special Issue “Ring-Opening Polymerization”
Authors: Endo Takeshi , Sudo Atsushi
Published: December 2016

Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) has gained much attention because of its usefulness to synthesize polymers with main chains inheriting the heteroatoms and functional groups from the corresponding monomers.[...]
…Plus la Même Chose…
Authors: Singleton Alan
Published: December 2016

In the last editorial (‘plus ça change’—[1]), we brieﬂy looked at some of the major changes in scholarly communication, and how some things hadn’t changed at all.[...]
A Review of Wearable Sensor Systems for Monitoring Body Movements of Neonates
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Xue Mengru , Mei Zhenning , Bambang Oetomo Sidarto , Chen Wei
Published: December 2016

Characteristics of physical movements are indicative of infants’ neuro-motor development and brain dysfunction. For instance, infant seizure, a clinical signal of brain dysfunction, could be identified and predicted by monitoring its physical movements. With the advance of wearable sensor technology, including the miniaturization of sensors, and the increasing broad application of micro- and nanotechnology, and smart fabrics in wearable sensor systems, it is now possible to collect, store, and process multimodal signal data of infant movements in a more efficient, more comfortable, and non-intrusive way. This review aims to depict the state-of-the-art of wearable sensor systems for infant movement monitoring. We also discuss its clinical significance and the aspect of system design.
Sustainable Development of Abandoned Mine Areas Using Renewable Energy Systems: A Case Study of the Photovoltaic Potential Assessment at the Tailings Dam of Abandoned Sangdong Mine, Korea
Authors: Choi Yosoon , Song Jinyoung
Published: December 2016

As mineral resources are depleted, most mines are typically abandoned and left unattended, resulting in serious social problems that impede sustainable development of these areas. The mining industry has recently introduced the use of renewable energy systems to solve the problems. This study assessed the photovoltaic (PV) potential of an abandoned mine tailings dam at the Sangdong mine in South Korea. A regional shading analysis and field investigations indicated that the usable area for installing the PV system was 44,220 m2. The design capacity of the system was 3 MW considering the space available for the PV array. Power generation was simulated by inputting data about the hourly weather, system design, and a site assessment into System Advisor Model software. Simulation results indicated that 3509 MWh of electricity could be generated annually. Moreover, economic feasibility analysis, assuming a 20 year project period, confirmed that the net present value of the PV systems would be $1,903,000 USD. Therefore, installing a 3 MW PV system on the mine tailings dam at the Sangdong mine is feasible and could provide an efficient option for sustainable development of the abandoned mine land.
Wave Climate Resource Analysis Based on a Revised Gamma Spectrum for Wave Energy Conversion Technology
Authors: Pastor Jeremiah , Liu Yucheng
Published: December 2016

In order to correctly predict and evaluate the response of wave energy converters (WECs), an accurate representation of wave climate resource is crucial. This paper gives an overview of wave resource modeling techniques and applies a methodology to estimate the naturally available and technically recoverable resource in a given deployment site. The methodology was initially developed by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), which uses a modified gamma spectrum to interpret sea state hindcast parameter data produced by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) WaveWatch III. This gamma spectrum is dependent on the calibration of two variables relating to the spectral width parameter and spectral peakedness parameter. In this study, this methodology was revised by the authors to increase its accuracy in formulating wavelength. The revised methodology shows how to assess a given geographic area’s wave resource based on its wave power density and total annual wave energy flux.
The Origin of the Natural Water Chemical Composition in the Permafrost Region of the Eastern Slope of the Polar Urals
Authors: Guseva Natalia
Published: December 2016

This article presents the results of the study of water chemical composition and formation processes in the eastern slope of the Polar Ural where permafrost is widely spread. To date, this region has not been studied in detail. However, it is very important to have information on the natural waters in this region because they play a significant role in all geochemical processes, including climate formation. For this study, 107 water samples were collected from lakes, rivers and active layer waters. The studied waters are ultrafresh; total dissolved solids vary from 14 to 438 mg/L. pH ranges from 3.5 to 9.0. The chemical type of the studied waters is mostly HCO3–Ca–Mg. The geochemical environment of the studied waters contributes to the accumulation of such trace elements as Fe, Mn, Al, Ni, Au, Co, Li, Sc, Ti, Cr, Sr, Nb, Mo, Cs, La, Eu, Lu, Hg, and Se. The chemical composition peculiarities of active layer waters, rivers, lakes and waters of stone pits and exploration trenches and the description of their chemical composition formation processes are given in the present study. The water–rock interaction is a dominant process of water chemical composition formation in the studied region. The obtained results have both potential theoretical and practical applications.
DISSECTING THE HIGH-z INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM THROUGH INTENSITY MAPPING CROSS-CORRELATIONS
Authors: Serra Paolo , Doré Olivier , Lagache Guilaine
Published: December 2016

We explore the detection, with upcoming spectroscopic surveys, of three-dimensional power spectra of emission line fluctuations produced in different phases of the interstellar medium (ISM) by forbidden transitions of ionized carbon [C ii] (157.7 μm), ionized nitrogen [N ii] (121.9 and 205.2 μm), and neutral oxygen [O i] (145.5 μm) at redshift z > 4. These lines are important coolants of both the neutral and the ionized medium, and probe multiple phases of the ISM. In the framework of the halo model, we compute predictions of the three-dimensional power spectra for two different surveys, showing that they have the required sensitivity to detect cross-power spectra between the [C ii] line and both the [O i] line and the [N ii] lines with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. The importance of cross-correlating multiple lines with the intensity mapping technique is twofold. On the one hand, we will have multiple probes of the different phases of the ISM, which is key to understanding the interplay between energetic sources, and the gas and dust at high redshift. This kind of study will be useful for a next-generation space observatory such as the NASA Far-IR Surveyor, which will probe the global star formation and the ISM of galaxies from the peak of star formation to the epoch of reionization. On the other hand, emission lines from external galaxies are an important foreground when measuring spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background spectrum with future space-based experiments like PIXIE; measuring fluctuations in the intensity mapping regime will help constrain the mean amplitude of these lines, and will allow us to better handle this important foreground.
Dispute over precedence and protocol: Hagiography and forgery in 19th-century Ethiopia
Authors: Tegegne Habtamu Mengistie
Published: December 2016

This study investigates the textual and legal issues conveyed by records of a court case that took place in 1897 involving the Ethiopian churches of Dima and Märtulä Maryam over precedence, court etiquette, and decorum. My analysis focuses on two imperial judicial verdicts and letters addressed to King Täklä Haymanot (1881–1901) from Emperor Menilek II (r. 1889–1913) which the case generated. It will show that, very much like legal documents, the letters were written to stand for all time, and their preservation served an ongoing legal and administrative purpose. The study will also closely analyze the judicial assembly’s handling of Gädlä Abreha wäAṣebha, a forged hagiographic text that was presented to the court by Märtulä Maryam as evidence to defend its claims to precedency and status. It argues that this text was written in the late 19th century at the church of Abreha wä-Aṣbeha in Tegray at the instigation of Märtulä Maryam.
Variations in weight stigma concerns
Authors: Cornick Jessica E. , Teter Cambridge , Thaw Andrew K.
Published: December 2016

Over the past 40 years, obesity rates in the United States have grown significantly; these rates have not grown uniformly across the United States (18 of the 20 counties with the highest obesity rates are located in the South). Obesity increases cardiovascular disease risk factors and new research has highlighted the negative psychological effects of obesity, known as weight stigma, including decreased selfcontrol resources, over eating, and exercise avoidance. The primary objective of this study was to determine if weight stigma concerns varied regionally and if social behaviors influenced this variation. In two studies, we collected cross-sectional data from participants in the United States including height and weight, weight stigma concerns, and perception of friends’ preoccupation with weight and dieting. We also collected each participant’s home zip code which was used to locate local obesity rate. We established differences in the relationship between body mass index and weight stigma concerns by local county obesity rate and showed that perceived friend preoccupation with weight and dieting mediated this relationship for individuals in low and medium obesity rate counties. For individuals living in United States counties with lower levels of obesity, increases in personal body mass index leads to increased weight stigma concerns due to an increase in perceived friend preoccupation with weight and dieting. These results indicate that relationships between body mass index, weight stigma concerns, and social networks vary significantly for subpopulations throughout the United States.
Extensive caustic esophageal stricture in children can be treated by serial dilatations interspersed with silicone-covered nitinol stenting
Authors: Alonso Veronica , Nalluri Harsha , Agustín Juan Carlos de
Published: December 2016

Recurrent esophageal stenosis secondary to caustic ingestion may be challenging to treat. Self-expandable esophageal stents may be an alternative to repetitive endoscopic esophageal dilatation. We report a case of a 2-year-old male child with an extensive esophageal caustic stricture successfully treated using a combination of endoscopic dilatation and stenting. After 5 months of serial balloon dilatations, three nitinol internal silicone covered self-expandable stents were placed through the patient’s gastrostomy spanning the entire esophagus. The stents were positioned using a combination of both endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance. The procedure was repeated with only one stent 3 months later. A new stricture in the proximal esophagus needed surgical resection and anastomosis, followed by two pneumatic dilatations with progressively longer asymptomatic intervals. The results are promising with the patient able to use his own esophagus; however, this is a single case and optimal stent standing time is still to be determined.
Análise de metodologias de quantificação de substâncias húmicas em lixiviados de aterros de resíduos sólidos
Authors: Maia S. Lima Letícia Sobral , De Almeida Ronei , Quintaes Bianca Ramalho , Bila Daniele Maia , Campos Juacyara Carbonelli
Published: December 2016

Substâncias Húmicas (SH) são definidas como polímeros amorfos, de massa molar elevada, estruturas complexas e heterogêneas, que alteram com frequência as suas conformações em função das interações que ocorrem entre os grupos funcionais presentes na sua estrutura. A presença dessas substâncias principalmente nos lixiviados de aterros de resíduos sólidos e, em maior quantidade, em lixiviados de aterros antigos, dificulta o tratamento dos lixiviados, devido ao alto grau de recalcitrância de tal matéria orgânica. Nesse estudo, dois métodos de quantificação de SH foram testados em dois lixiviados gerados em aterros do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, oriundos do Aterro Controlado de Gericinó (ACG) e o Aterro Metropolitano de Gramacho (AMG), assim como o seu fracionamento nas frações Ácidos Húmicos (AH) e Ácidos Fúlvicos (AF). Os resultados de SH foram, respectivamente, 616 e 608 mg L-1 para o lixiviado proveniente do ACG e 1182 e 1191 mg L-1 para o lixiviado proveniente do AMG. O lixiviado oriundo do ACG apresentou 33% (201 mg L-1) de AH e 67% (411 mg L-1) de AF e o de AMG apresentou 37% (437 mg L-1) de AH e 63% (741 mg L 1) de AF.
Justifications Analysis: Understanding Moral Evaluations in Public Debates
Authors: Ylä-Anttila Tuomas , Luhtakallio Eeva
Published: December 2016

This article introduces Justifications Analysis, a methodological approach for studying moral evaluations made in public debates. Established approaches to content analysis, most often building on the concept of framing, tend to overlook the moral dimension of public deliberation. We draw on Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot's justification theory to present a typology of moral justifications, that is, ways of justifying arguments referring to varying understandings of the common good. We illustrate the use of the method through two case studies, one on the media debate on globalization and another on local political conflicts. We argue that this approach is particularly useful for understanding the differing degrees of institutionalization of moral categories and power relations within and across cultural contexts.
Literary Ethnography of Evidence-Based Healthcare: Accessing the Emotions of Rational-Technical Discourse
Authors: Reid Benet
Published: December 2016

In this article I revisit the idea of literary ethnography (proposed by Van De Poel-Knottnerus and Knottnerus, 1994 ) as a method for investigating social phenomena constituted principally through literature. I report the use of this method to investigate the topic of evidence-based healthcare, EBHC. EBHC is a field of discourse much built upon a dichotomy between rationality and emotionality. In this context literary ethnography, a particular type of discourse analysis, is valuable for allowing researchers to bring the emotional currents of technical-rational discourse into conscious awareness. In such discourses, emotions are not written out by name. The researcher must discern emotional phenomena by experiencing the discourse, and (try to) bring them into intelligible expression. As I clarify this process I develop Van de Poel-Knottnerus and Knottnerus’ method theoretically, look to destabilise the rationality-emotionality dichotomy foundational to discourse around EBHC, and so transgress its conventional lines of thought.
Precarious or Protected? Evaluating Work Quality in the Legal Sex Industry
Authors: Orchiston Alice
Published: December 2016

Decriminalising (or legalising) sex work is argued to improve sex workers’ safety and provide access to labour rights. However, there is a paucity of empirical research comparing how different regulatory approaches affect working conditions in the sex industry, especially in relation to venues that are managed by third parties. This article uses a mixed methods study of the Australian legal brothel sector to critically explore the relationship between external regulation and working conditions. Two dominant models of sex industry regulation are compared: decriminalisation and licensing. First, the article documents workplace practices in the Australian legal brothel sector, examining sex workers’ agency, autonomy and control over the labour process. Second, it analyses the capacity of each regulatory model to protect sex workers from unsafe and unfair working conditions. On the basis of these findings, the article concludes that brothel-based sex work is precarious and substantively excluded from the protective mantle of labour law, notwithstanding its legality. It is argued that the key determinant of conditions in the legal brothel sector is the extent to which the state enforces formal labour protections, as distinct from the underlying regulatory model adopted.
Deriving clear-sky longwave spectral flux from spaceborne hyperspectral radiance measurements: a case study with AIRS observations
Authors: Chen Xiuhong , Huang Xianglei
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Previous studies have shown that longwave (LW) spectral fluxes have unique merit in climate studies. Using Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) radiances as a case study, this study presents an algorithm to derive the entire LW clear-sky spectral fluxes from spaceborne hyperspectral observations. No other auxiliary observations are needed in the algorithm. A clear-sky scene is identified using a three-step detection method. The identified clear-sky scenes are then categorized into different sub-scene types using information about precipitable water, lapse rate and surface temperature inferred from the AIRS radiances at six selected channels. A previously established algorithm is then used to invert AIRS radiances to spectral fluxes over the entire LW spectrum at 10 cm−1 spectral interval. Accuracy of the algorithms is evaluated against collocated Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) observations. For nadir-view observations, the mean difference between outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) derived by this algorithm and the collocated CERES OLR is 1.52 Wm−2 with a standard deviation of 2.46 Wm−2. When the algorithm is extended for viewing zenith angle up to 45°, the performance is comparable to that for nadir-view results.
Dynamics and style transition of a moderate, Vulcanian-driven eruption at Tungurahua (Ecuador) on February 2014: pyroclastic deposits and hazard considerations
Authors: Romero Jorge Eduardo , Douillet Guilhem Amin , Vallejo Vargas Silvia , Bustillos Jorge , Troncoso Liliana , Díaz Alvarado Juan , Ramón Patricio
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The ongoing eruptive cycle of Tungurahua volcano (Ecuador) since 1999 has been characterized by over 15 paroxysmal phases interrupted by periods of relative calm. Those phases included Strombolians, Vulcanians and one Subplinian eruptions and they generated tephra fallouts, pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) and lava flows. The 01 February 2014 eruption occurred after 75 days of quiescence. Two days before the eruption, a gradual increase of seismicity associated with sporadic weak ash emissions occured. Between 13:30 and 16:30 UTC of the 01 February, a swarm of volcano tectonic and long period earthquakes was detected and announced the possibility of an eruption within hours or days. After a few hours without surface manifestations, two short-lived Vulcanian explosions triggered the paroxysmal phase at 22:39 UTC which lasted 40 min and produced an eruptive column 13.4 km in height sustained during about 9 min. The activity evolved at 23:36 UTC into sporadic Strombolian explosions with discrete ash emissions and continued for several weeks. Both tephra fall and PDCs were studied for their dispersal, sedimentology, volume and eruption source parameters. Tephra was distributed around 240° to the S-SW of the volcano, and the bulk deposit volume is estimated to be 1.53 ± 0.35 × 10−2 km3 (4.76 ± 2.23 × 106 m3 DRE; VEI 3). PDCs descended by 9 ravines of the N-NW flanks. It was one of Tungurahua’s largest eruptions, after the August 2006 Subplinian event. The Vulcanian eruptive mechanism is interpreted to be related to a steady magma ascent and the rise in over-pressure in a blocked conduit (plug) and/or a depressurized solidification front. The transition to Strombolian style is well documented from the tephra fall componentry. In any of the interpretative scenari, the short-lived precursors for such a major event as well as the unusual tephra dispersion pattern urge for renewed hazard considerations at Tungurahua.
The response of Opalinus Clay when exposed to cyclic relative
humidity variations
Authors: Wild Katrin M. , Walter Patric , Amann Florian
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Clay shale specimens were exposed to cyclic relative humidity variations to investigate the response of the material to natural environmental changes. Opalinus Clay, a clay shale chosen as host rock for nuclear waste disposal in Switzerland, was utilized. The specimens were exposed to stepwise relative humidity cycles where they were alternately allowed to equilibrate at 66 and 93 % relative humidity. Principal strains were monitored throughout the experiments using strain gauges. After each relative humidity cycle, Brazilian tensile strength tests were performed to identify possible changes in tensile strength due to environmental degradation. Results showed that Opalinus Clay follows a cyclic swelling-shrinkage behaviour with irreversible expansion limited to the direction normal to bedding, suggesting that internal damage is restricted along the bedding planes. The Brazilian tensile strength in direction parallel and normal to bedding as well as the water retention characteristic remained unaffected by the RH variations.
Atmospheric turbulence affects wind turbine nacelle transfer
functions
Authors: St. Martin Clara M. , Lundquist Julie K. , Clifton Andrew , Poulos Gregory S. , Schreck Scott J.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Despite their potential as a valuable source of individual turbine power performance and turbine array energy production optimization information, nacelle-mounted anemometers have often been neglected because complex flows around the blades and nacelle interfere with their measurements. This work quantitatively explores the accuracy of and potential corrections to nacelle anemometer measurements to determine the degree to which they may be useful when corrected for these complex flows, particularly for calculating annual energy production (AEP) in the absence of other meteorological data. Using upwind meteorological tower measurements along with nacelle-based measurements from a General Electric (GE) 1.5sle model, we calculate empirical nacelle transfer functions (NTFs) and explore how they are impacted by different atmospheric and turbulence parameters. This work provides guidelines for the use of NTFs for deriving useful wind measurements from nacelle-mounted anemometers. Corrections to the nacelle anemometer wind speed measurements can be made with NTFs and used to calculate an AEP that comes within 1 % of an AEP calculated with upwind measurements. We also calculate unique NTFs for different atmospheric conditions defined by temperature stratification as well as turbulence intensity, turbulence kinetic energy, and wind shear. During periods of low stability as defined by the Bulk Richardson number (RB), the nacelle-mounted anemometer underestimates the upwind wind speed more than during periods of high stability at some wind speed bins below rated speed, leading to a more steep NTF during periods of low stability. Similarly, during periods of high turbulence, the nacelle-mounted anemometer underestimates the upwind wind speed more than during periods of low turbulence at most wind bins between cut-in and rated wind speed. Based on these results, we suggest different NTFs be calculated for different regimes of atmospheric stability and turbulence for power performance validation purposes.
On “commons” and New Institutional Economics: a “precursor” revisited - Jens Warming (1873-1939)
Authors: Pacheco Coelho Manuel
Published: December 2016

In his seminal paper, Gordon (1954) argued that, in a situation of open access and competition, the market would not lead to the most efficient solution in resource use. Almost four decades earlier, in 1911, a Danish economist, Jens Warming, put this issue and made a very similar analysis for the fisheries sector. The purpose of this research is to make a reflection on that paper and highlight the proposed explanation for the common property problem. This paper studies the legacy of this interesting fisheries economist to the history of economic thought and put in evidence its role as a “precursor” in important topics of investigation of the New Institutional Economics. This research also ask what went wrong and why did the important achievements of Warming’s research had not the justified academic applause and practical impact.
A Comment on “Walras’ law in the context of pre-analytic visions: a note” by Arne Heise
Authors: Túñez Área Narciso
Published: December 2016

La ley de Walras es central a la formación de la teoría económica. Para la economía ortodoxa, es un medio de comprobar el rigor y la consistencia de la construcción modelo; para los economistas heterodoxos, la refutación de la ley de Walras es clave para comprender la contribución revolucionaria de Keynes a un nuevo paradigma económico. El objetivo de esta nota de investigación es plantear la posibilidad de una refutación de la ley de Walras e investigar sus condiciones previas. Se argumentará que esto sólo puede alcanzarse con una visión alternativa preanalítica de la economía monetaria tal y como John Maynard Keynes previó.
PARA ONDE ESTÃO INDO AS INVESTIGAÇÕES SOBRE ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA NO BRASIL? UM OLHAR SOBRE ELEMENTOS DA PESQUISA E DO LUGAR QUE ELA OCUPA NESSE CAMPO - DOI 10.5216/bgg.v36i3.44546
Authors: De Souza Cavalcanti Lana
Published: December 2016

O texto apresenta reflexões com base, sobretudo, em resultados de um estudo exploratório sobre o estado da arte da pesquisa sobre ensino no Brasil. Tal estudo teve como fonte principal de dados um levantamento de Teses e Dissertações nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Geografia no Brasil. Para tanto, considerou-se o período de 2000 a 2015. Os resultados do estudo confirmam indicações de que essa área tem tido nas duas últimas décadas avanços significativos e consolidação como campo investigativo. Palavras-chave: Ensino de Geografia, pesquisa, pós-graduação em Geografia.