bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of matrix on the ballistic impact of aramid fabric composite laminates by armor piercing projectiles
Authors: Nayak N. , Sivaraman P. , Banerjee A. , Madhu V. , Dutta A.L. , Mishra V.S. , B.C. Chakraborty
Published: February 2012

Ballistic impact performance of aramid fiber fabric‐epoxy and aramid fiber fabric‐polypropylene (PP)‐based composite laminates has been studied against 7.62 mm armor piercing projectiles. Twaron® was used as aramid fiber fabric in the composites. Role of matrix on the damage pattern has been investigated by impacting the composites of different thickness with projectiles having different strike velocity (SV). Ballistic limit (BL) for each composite has been estimated through correlation of SV and residual velocity (RV) of the projectile by usual V50 method. Ballistic limit was found to vary linearly with composite laminate thickness. Twaron®‐PP composites exhibited higher ballistic limit compared toequivalent thickness of Twaron®‐epoxy composites. Epoxy‐based composites exhibited localized damage mode compared to a global mode of failure in PP‐based composites. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that fibers in Twaron®‐epoxy composites failed largely by shear while tensile mode of failure was observed for Twaron®–PP composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Syndiotactic‐specific radical polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide in toluene at low temperatures in the presence of silyl alcohols
Authors: Hirano Tomohiro , Kamikubo Takahiro , Ute Koichi
Published: February 2012

The radical polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide was carried out in toluene at low temperatures in the presence of silyl alcohols, such as triethylsilanol. Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) with a racemo dyad content of 75% was obtained at − 80 °C with a 4:1 triethylsilanol to monomer ratio loading. NMR analysis suggests that the mechanism for syndiotactic induction, in the presence of silyl alcohols, may be similar to that observed with alkyl alcohols. In this case, a 1:2 complex formation, via hydrogen bonding interactions, leads to the induction of syndiotactic specificity. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of different copolymer sequences in low band gap polymers on their performance in organic solar cells
Authors: Lange Alexander , Krueger Hartmut , Ecker Bernhard , Tunc Ali Veysel , von Hauff Elizabeth , Morana Mauro
Published: February 2012

The chemical design of a polymer can be tailored by a random or a block sequence of the comonomers in order to influence the properties of the final material. In this work, two sequences, PCPDTBT and F8BT (F8), were polymerized to form a block or a random copolymer. Differences between the various polymers were examined by exploring the surface topography and charge carrier mobility. A distinct surface texture and a higher charge carrier mobility was found for the block copolymer with respect to the other materials. Solar cells were prepared with polymer:PC71BM blend active layers and the best performance of up to 2% was found for the block copolymer, which was a direct result of the fill factor. Overall, the sequences of different copolymers for solar cell applications were varied and a positive impact on efficiency was found when the block copolymer structure was utilized. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
In situ film characterization of thermally treated microstructured conducting polymer films
Authors: Meier Robert , Chiang Hsin‐Yin , Ruderer Matthias A. , Guo Shuai , Körstgens Volker , Perlich Jan , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter
Published: February 2012

Based on a low‐cost fabrication routine microstructured conducting polymer films of poly (dioctylfluorene‐co‐benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) are prepared without any heat treatment or vacuum steps. The influence of thermal annealing at temperatures below the glass transition temperature of F8BT on such microstructured channel structures is investigated. In the applied structuring routine, a F8BT film is spin coated on a channel‐type hard master structure and afterwards floated on a flat support. Thereby, the properties of the final polymeric structures, for example channel width and height, can be tuned by simply varying the polymer concentration in solution and using the same master structure. With in situ grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering and imaging ellipsometry the installed channel structure and the influence of thermal treatment are probed. A complex interplay between a macroscopic polymer flow (reduced channel heights) and a molecular rearrangement (formation of mesoscopic crystallites) takes place during thermal annealing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Structural transitions and oligomerization along polyalanine fibril formation pathways from computer simulations
Authors: Phelps Erin M. , Hall Carol K.
Published: February 2012

The results of a computer simulation study of the aggregation kinetics of a large system of model peptides with particular focus on the formation of intermediates are presented. Discontinuous molecular dynamic simulations were used in combination with our intermediate‐resolution protein model, PRIME, to simulate the aggregation of a system of 192 polyalanine (KA14K) peptides at a concentration of 5 mM and a reduced temperature of T* = 0.13 starting from a random configuration and ending in the assembly of a fibrillar structure. The population of various structures, including free monomers, beta sheets, amorphous aggregates, hybrid aggregates, and fibrils, and the transitions between the structures were tracked over the course of 30 independent simulations and averaged together. The aggregation pathway for this system starts with the association of free monomers into small amorphous aggregates that then grow to moderate size by incorporating other free monomers or merging with other small amorphous aggregates. These then rearrange into either small beta sheets or hybrid aggregates formed by association between unstructured chains and beta sheets, both of which grow in size by adding free monomer chains or other small aggregates, one at a time. Fibrillar structures are formed initially either by the stacking of beta sheets, rearrangement of hybrid aggregates or association between beta sheets and hybrid aggregates. They grow by the addition of beta sheets, hybrid aggregates, and other small fibrillar structures. The rearrangement of amorphous aggregates into beta sheets is a critical and necessary step in the fibril formation pathway. Proteins 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of high‐density bit‐patterned media using ultra‐high resolution magnetic force microscopy
Authors: Piramanayagam S. N. , Ranjbar M. , Sbiaa R. , Tavakkoli K. G. A. , Chong T. C.
Published: February 2012

Bit‐patterned media at one terabit‐per‐square‐inch (Tb/in2) recording density require a feature size of about 12 nm. The fabrication and characterization of such magnetic nanostructures is still a challenge. In this Letter, we show that magnetic dots can be resolved at 10 nm spacing using magnetic force microscopy (MFM) tips coated with a magnetic film possessing a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Compared to MFM tips with no special magnetic anisotropy, MFM tips with PMA can resolve the bits clearly, because of a smaller magnetic interaction volume, enabling a simple technique for characterizing fine magnetic nanostructures. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Effect of Kraussianone‐2 (Kr2), a Natural Pyrano‐isoflavone from Eriosema kraussianum, in an L‐NAME‐ induced Pre‐eclamptic Rat Model
Authors: Ramesar S. V. , Drewes S. E. , Gathiram P. , Moodley J. , Mackraj I.
Published: February 2012

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Kraussianone‐2 (Kr2), a pyrano‐isoflavone isolated from the roots of Eriosema kraussianum N. E. Br. (Fabaceae) on various fetal and physiological parameters in pregnant, L‐NAME treated Sprague–Dawley rats. Twenty‐four pregnant Sprague–Dawley dams were divided into three groups (n = 8), i.e. the control group (CON), the experimental control group (PRE), where the pre‐eclampsia‐like symptoms were induced using L‐NAME, and the experimental group (EK2), where the pre‐eclampsia‐like symptoms were once again induced using L‐NAME, however, these animals were treated with Kr2. On gestation day 20 the animals were sacrificed, at which time a laparotomy was performed and the number of live pups were counted and their corresponding birth and placental weights were recorded. Blood was also collected in heparin‐coated tubes and the plasma samples were then analysed for specific variables using commercially available kits for rats. Kraussianone‐2 administration decreased fetal mortality and demonstrated a trend toward increasing birth and placental weights in this model. Furthermore, Kr2 administration also reduced blood pressure amplification and decreased the plasma concentrations of two antiangiogenic factors, soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase1 (sFlt‐1) and soluble endoglin (sEng). We speculate that Kr2, by improving uterine artery blood flow, results in improved fetal outcomes and decreased antiangiogenic factors in pregnant, L‐NAME treated, Sprague–Dawley rats. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Icariin Promotes Extracellular Matrix Synthesis and Gene Expression of Chondrocytes In Vitro
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Xuan , Li Kui‐Feng , Li Dong‐Xiao , Xiao Yu‐Mei , Fan Yu‐Jiang , Zhang Xing‐Dong
Published: February 2012

To effectively treat articular cartilage defect with tissue engineering there is an urgent need to develop safe and cheap drugs that can substitute or cooperate with growth factors for chondrogenesis promotion. Here, we demonstrate the chondrogenic effect of icariin, the major pharmacological active constituent of Herb Epimedium (HEP). Rabbit chondrocytes were isolated from articular cartilage and cultured in vitro with different concentrations of icariin. Icariin at concentrations under 1 × 10−5  m showed low cytotoxicity toward chondrocytes, but icariin at 5 × 10−5  m inhibited the proliferation of chondrocytes. Icariin hardly affected the cell morphology with concentrations ranging from 1 × 10−7  m to 5 × 10−5  m. However, the higher concentration of icariin produced more extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and expression of chondrogenesis genes of chondrocytes. Indeed, the promotion of icariin on the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen of chondrocytes, and finally exerting a potent chondrogenic effect, might be due to its ability to up‐regulate the expression of aggrecan, collagen II and Sox9 genes and to down‐regulate the expression of the collagen I gene of chondrocytes. These preliminary results imply that icariin might be an effective accelerant for chondrogenesis and that icariin‐loaded biomaterials might have the potential for cartilage tissue engineering. 1 × 10−5  m may be a suitable concentration of icariin with chondrogenic effect for tissue engineering. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ASRSM: A Sequential Experimental Design for Response Surface Optimization
Authors: Alaeddini Adel , Yang Kai , Murat Alper
Published: February 2012

Most preset response surface methodology (RSM) designs offer ease of implementation and good performance over a wide range of process and design optimization applications. These designs often lack the ability to adapt the design on the basis of the characteristics of application and experimental space so as to reduce the number of experiments necessary. Hence, they are not cost‐effective for applications where the cost of experimentation is high or when the experimentation resources are limited. In this paper, we present an adaptive sequential response surface methodology (ASRSM) for industrial experiments with high experimentation cost, limited experimental resources, and high design optimization performance requirement. The proposed approach is a sequential adaptive experimentation approach that combines concepts from nonlinear optimization, design of experiments, and response surface optimization. The ASRSM uses the information gained from the previous experiments to design the subsequent experiment by simultaneously reducing the region of interest and identifying factor combinations for new experiments. Its major advantage is the experimentation efficiency such that for a given response target, it identifies the input factor combination (or containing region) in less number of experiments than the classical single‐shot RSM designs. Through extensive simulated experiments and real‐world case studies, we show that the proposed ASRSM method outperforms the popular central composite design method and compares favorably with optimal designs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized selection combining with double threshold and performance analysis
Authors: Xie Ning , Liu Zhaorong , Wang Rui , Wang Hui , Lin Xiaohui
Published: February 2012

In this paper, we propose a new diversity combining scheme to save power, which is called as the generalized selection combining with double threshold (DT‐GSC). It selects the branch whose SNR is above an input threshold to combine, and this process will keep running until the combined output SNR is larger than an output threshold or until all paths are examined. The values of both thresholds are required to be predetermined on the basis of the practical communication conditions. For comparing the complexity of various combining schemes, we will show the mathematical formulas of the average number of path estimation and the average number of combined branches. Moreover, we will also compare the average bit‐error‐ratio performance of the proposed DT‐GSC with absolute threshold GSC (AT‐GSC) and output threshold MRC (OT‐MRC). Numerical examples and simulation results show that the proposed DT‐GSC leads to a lower complexity than the conventional AT‐GSC and OT‐MRC while it has a satisfactory performance.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectral and Structural Studies of Platinum Group Metal Complexes of3‐(Di‐2‐Pyridylaminomethyl)Benzamide and Formation of Mutual Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Some Complexes
Authors: Gloria Sairem , Wang Peng , Rao Kollipara Mohan
Published: February 2012

The new ligand, 3‐(di‐2‐pyridylaminomethyl)benzamide, L, which carries two different coordination sites, i.e. the primary amide moiety on one side and a di‐2‐pyridylamine unit as a strong chelating group on the other side is synthesized. Reaction of chloro‐bridged dimers viz., [(η6‐arene)Ru(μ‐Cl)Cl]2 and [Cp*M(μ‐Cl)Cl]2 with two equivalents of the ligand L in methanol followed by the addition of NH4BF4 results the formation of mononuclear complexes of the formulation [(η6‐arene)Ru(L)Cl]BF4 [arene = C6H6 (1), C10H14 (2), C6Me6 (3)] and [Cp*M(L)Cl]BF4 [M = Rh (4); Ir (5)]. All these complexes are characterized by micro analyses, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopic analyses and finally by single crystal XRD study of some representative complexes. Complexes 3 and 5 show mutual intermolecular hydrogen bonding by amide–amide interactions.
2‐(Dinitromethylene)‐1‐nitro‐1, 3‐diazacyclopentane‐Based Energetic Salts
Authors: Song Jinhong , Zhou Zhiming , Cao Dan , Huang Haifeng , Liang Lixuan , Wang Kai , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2012

Energetic salts that contain nitrogen‐rich cations and the 2‐(dinitromethyl)‐3‐nitro‐1, 3‐diazacyclopent‐1‐ene anion were synthesized in high yield by direct neutralization reactions. The resulting salts were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H and 13C), vibrational spectroscopy (IR), elemental analysis, density and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and elemental analysis. Additionally, the structures of the ammonium (1) and isopropylideneaminoguanidinium (9) 2‐(dinitromethyl)‐3‐nitro‐1, 3‐diazacyclopent‐l‐ene salts were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Solid‐state 15N NMR spectroscopy was used as an effective technique to further determine the structure of some of the products. The densities of the energetic salts paired with organic cations fell between 1.50 and 1.79 g·cm–3 as measured by a gas pycnometer. Based on the measured densities and calculated heats of formation, detonation pressures and velocities were calculated using Explo 5.05 and found to to be 25.2–35.5 GPa and 7949–9004 m·s–1, respectively, which make them competitive energetic materials.
Early versus Delayed Surgical Treatment in Open Hand Injuries: A Paradigm Revisited
Authors: Angly Bernhard , Constantinescu Mihai A. , Kreutziger Janett , Juon Bettina H. , Vögelin Esther
Published: February 2012

Background

To date it remains unclear if a delayed surgical treatment of open hand injuries after more than 6 h may be detrimental to outcome. Previous investigations by McLain et al. (J Hand Surg Am 16:108–112, 1980 9), Nylen and Carlsson (Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 14:185–189, 1991 10) could not find statistical proof of correlation between infection rate and delayed surgical treatment after open hand injuries up to 18 h. The current study was designed to investigate the outcome of early versus delayed surgical treatment after open hand injury.

Patients and methods

A retrospective data analysis of all patients sustaining an open hand injury between January 1 and December 31 2006 was performed. Patients with incomplete data records were excluded. Patients were stratified according to time delay of surgical treatment and injury complexity. Complications, revision rate, and functional outcome were also investigated.

Results

Between January 1 and December 31 2006 a total of 458 patients with open hand injuries were treated at the University Hospital of Berne, Switzerland. The records were retrospectively analyzed and a subgroup of 100 patients were randomly determined for standardized follow‐up evaluation. There were no significant differences regarding infection, complication, and revision rate between early (<6 h) and delayed (6–24 h) surgical treatment of open hand injuries. Independently from the time point of surgical treatment, patients with complex injuries and longer operative times had an increased infection rate (p = 0.05) and revision rate (p = 0.003).

Conclusions

Delayed surgical treatment (6–24 h) of open hand injuries did not increase infection or revision rates in open non‐devascularizing hand injuries.
Report of H. M. Commissioners Appointed to Enquire into the State and Revenues of the University and Colleges of Cambridge
Authors: Cambridge University Commission
Published: February 2012

This report of the influential Royal Commission was first published in 1852. It resulted from a thorough inquiry 'into the State, Discipline, Studies, and Revenues of the University and Colleges of Cambridge' overseen by distinguished Victorian figures including the Bishop of Chester, George Peacock, Sir John F. W. Herschel, Sir John Romilly and Adam Sedgwick. It includes details relating to the foundation and constitution of the University; employed positions, from Chancellor to Senate members; academic degrees offered; professorships and faculty boards; financial particulars, such as tuition fees, fellowships, and revenues; and facilities, including colleges, laboratories, museums, libraries, hostels and the University Press. This comprehensive account of the material and human assets of the University of Cambridge during the nineteenth century sheds light on the educational reforms which were then gathering pace. It will be of interest to social and economic historians of the Victorian period, and of the university.
The Romance of the Apothecaries' Garden at Chelsea
Authors: Drewitt Frederic Dawtrey
Published: February 2012

Published in 1928, Drewitt's charming and engaging study traces the origin and antiquity of the peaceful botanical garden in Chelsea. The garden was established in 1673 by the Society of Apothecaries in order to train apprentices to identify the plants used in medicine that, later on, they would be prescribing for their patients. Revised and enlarged for its third edition, the book recognises the special character of this garden, which still teaches students the names and properties of plants, as it did in the time of the Stuarts. Describing the gentle lives of the past naturalists and botanists of the Physic Garden, the study also includes material on the visits of Linnaeus and his pupils. Written with a light touch and full of fascinating anecdotes, the book will appeal to those interested in botany, the history of medicine and the history of early modern London.
How to Make an Index
Authors: Wheatley Henry Benjamin
Published: February 2012

Henry Benjamin Wheatley (1838–1917) was a bibliographer and editor with a prodigious output of books and articles to his name. Brought up after the death of both his parents by his brother Benjamin Robert, himself a skilled bibliographer and cataloguer, Henry worked for many years for the Royal Society and the Royal Society of Arts; he was a founder member of the Library Association, and produced an edition of Pepys' diary which was not superseded until the 1970s. This work is one of two which he produced on the subject of indexing: the Wheatley Medal awarded by the Society of Indexers is named after him. This book sets out the rules and practicalities of indexing, and also contains examples of how not to make an index; it was for many years the text to which all professional indexers referred, and still makes fascinating reading today.
The History, Civil and Commercial, of the West Indies
Authors: Edwards Bryan
Published: February 2012

Bryan Edwards (1743–1800) was a wealthy West Indian planter, politician and historian. He vigorously opposed the abolition of the slave trade, since the sugar industry relied heavily on it. His most important work was The History, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies, originally published in two volumes in 1793, and subsequently expanded (this fifth edition of 1819 reaching five volumes) with many plates and maps. In this wide-ranging work, he described his aim as 'to describe the manners and dispositions of the present inhabitants, as influenced by climate, situation, and other local causes … an account of the African slave trade, some observations on the negro character and genius, and reflections on the system of slavery established in our colonies'. Volume 5 includes legislative papers dealing with the West Indies, and a supplement to the history of St Domingo.
The Dispatches of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington
Authors: Wellesley Arthur
Published: February 2012

Arthur Wellesley (1769–1852), the first Duke of Wellington, was one of the most successful military figures of the early nineteenth century. After fighting in the fourth Anglo-Mysore war in India, his successes during the Peninsular War (1809–1814) and his victory at the Battle of Waterloo (1815) established his reputation as a brilliant military tactician. These volumes, first published between 1834 and 1839, contain the letters, dispatches, instructions and general military orders Wellington wrote throughout his military career. Edited by his private secretary, Colonel John Gurwood (1790–1845), they offer a wealth of fascinating details concerning Wellington's campaigns in India and Europe, from mundane administrative tasks to discussions of tactics, personnel and intelligence-gathering. These volumes are reissued from the 1844 revised edition, and provide invaluable information for the study of warfare during this period. Volume 2 covers his campaigns in India between 1803 and 1805.
The Climate of Rebellion in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire
Authors: White Sam
Published: February 2012

The Climate of Rebellion in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire explores the serious and far-reaching impacts of Little Ice Age climate fluctuations in Ottoman lands. This study demonstrates how imperial systems of provisioning and settlement that defined Ottoman power in the 1500s came unraveled in the face of ecological pressures and extreme cold and drought, leading to the outbreak of the destructive Celali Rebellion (1595–1610). This rebellion marked a turning point in Ottoman fortunes, as a combination of ongoing Little Ice Age climate events, nomad incursions and rural disorder postponed Ottoman recovery over the following century, with enduring impacts on the region's population, land use and economy.
Sterne's Fiction and the Double Principle
Authors: Lamb Jonathan
Published: February 2012

The author of Tristram Shandy made frequent use of literary fragments from other writers, as part of his own style. Laurence Sterne's quotations, plagiarisms and allusions were often employed in the service of the pleonasm, or 'performed pun'. Jonathan Lamb describes Sterne's operation of the pleonasm as his 'double principle'. He sees this style not as the key to some clever puzzle whose clues we go on solving in the hope of total disclosure of meaning (as some critics have claimed); rather the opposite, that it is a consoling reminder that neither we nor the text can ever be complete. Lamb severs Sterne from the Locke tradition and frees him from the 'influence' oriented studies which have aimed to authenticate him through his borrowings. This allows us to read him as a writer eagerly exploring the turns and paradoxes of associationist thought and adapting the rhetoric of the sublime to the stutterings of ordinary speech.
A Marginal Economy?
Authors: Bailey Mark
Published: February 2012

A theory of the margin has long featured in the work of medieval historians. Marginal regions are taken to be those of poor soil or geographical remoteness, where farmers experienced particular difficulties in grain production. It is argued that such regions were cultivated only when demographic pressure intensified in the thirteenth century, but that a combination of soil exhaustion and demographic decline resulted in severe economic contraction by the end of the fourteenth century. Marginal regions are seen not just as sensitive barometers of economic change but as important catalysts in that change. Despite the importance placed by historians on the general theory of the margin, this book represents the first detailed study of a 'marginal region'. It focuses upon East Anglian Breckland, whose blowing sands are among the most barren soils in lowland England. Drawing upon a wide range of sources, this study reconstructs Breckland's late medieval economy, and shows it to be more diversified and resilient than the stereotype depicted in marginal theory.
Vicious Modernism
Authors: Jongh James de
Published: February 2012

Harlem, a quintessentially black city in the midst of a great modern metropolis, has piqued the imagination of writers and artists since the turn of the century. Its subsequent history as a legendary cultural centre and a notorious ghetto only intensified its mystique and inspired large numbers of writers, among them Sherwood Anderson, Federico Garcia Lorca, Fannie Hurst, James Baldwin, Ralph Ellison, Ishmael Reed, and Tom Wolfe. In Vicious Modernism, James de Jongh traces the evolution of the imaginative usage of Harlem by literary artists over the past seventy years. The book concentrates on the aesthetic and cultural force of the idea of Harlem, and de Jongh identifies three distinct phases in its evolution within the literary imagination: its promise as a cultural capital in the 1920s; the failure of that promise and the emergence of a ghetto in the 40s; and finally, following the race riots of the early 1960s, a shared vision of Harlem as cultural capital and contemporary slum.
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library of Lambeth Palace
Authors: James Montague Rhodes , Jenkins Claude
Published: February 2012

M. R. James (1862–1936) is probably best remembered as a writer of chilling ghost stories, but he was an outstanding scholar of medieval literature and palaeography, who served as Provost of King's College, Cambridge, and Director of the Fitzwilliam Museum, and later became Provost of Eton College. His detailed descriptive catalogues of manuscripts owned by colleges, cathedrals and museums are still of value to scholars today. James worked with the Lambeth Librarian Claude Jenkins on this catalogue, first published in five parts between 1930 and 1932, of the important manuscript collection begun by Archbishop Bancroft in the early seventeenth century. Building on James' handlist of medieval manuscripts in the library, published in 1900 and also reissued in this series, it gives full descriptions of the manuscripts including their contents, decoration, provenance and history. Volume 2 of this reissue contains Parts 4–5, covering manuscripts 358–576 and 36 others.
An Inquiry into the Symbolical Language of Ancient Art and Mythology
Authors: Knight Richard Payne
Published: February 2012

This influential work of 1818 by dilettante and critic Richard Payne Knight (1751–1824) has stood the test of time. The study investigates the sexual symbolism of the art of different religions, providing a key to the mythology of the ancients and fostering a clear understanding of the canons and principles of art. An eminent art historian, collector and textual critic, Knight led the way in convincing British taste that Roman art was inferior to Greek, arguing that Greek art was the more authentic and original. Here, he calls for more correct versions of Homer, Plato and other Hellenic writers, to obtain accurate perceptions of Grecian ideas. Demonstrating his in-depth knowledge of classical architecture and literature, and drawing upon his considerable resources as a collector, Knight analyses the genetic character of symbols, and the patterns of their occurrence in different cultures.
The Art of Caesar's Bellum Civile
Authors: Grillo Luca
Published: February 2012

Traditional approaches have reduced Caesar's Bellum Civile to a tool for teaching Latin or to one-dimensional propaganda, thereby underestimating its artistic properties and ideological complexity. Reading strategies typical of scholarship on Latin poetry, like intertextuality, narratology, semantic, rhetorical and structural analysis, cast a new light on the Bellum Civile: Ciceronian language advances Caesar's claim to represent Rome; technical vocabulary reinforces the ethical division between 'us' and the 'barbarian' enemy; switches of focalization guide our perception of the narrative; invective and characterization exclude the Pompeians from the Roman community, according to the mechanisms of rhetoric; and the very structure of the work promotes Caesar's cause. As a piece of literature interacting with its cultural and socio-political world, the Bellum Civile participates in Caesar's multimedia campaign of self-fashioning. A comprehensive approach, such as has been productively applied to Augustus' program, locates the Bellum Civile at the interplay between literature, images and politics.
Modern Spiritualism
Authors: Podmore Frank
Published: February 2012

Frank Podmore (1856–1910) published Modern Spiritualism in two volumes in 1902. It was the first comprehensive history of the Spiritualist movement. Podmore traces the historical development of Spiritualism from its earliest origins in animal magnetism and alchemy, to its apogee in the early nineteenth century and through to its decline from 1870 onwards, which Podmore associated with the growth of professional psychics and fraudsters. Volume 2, focusing on English and American Spiritualism, sets the movement in its cultural and intellectual context and includes a discussion of the relationship of Spiritualism to science. The volume includes invaluable accounts of scientific investigations into materialisations, spirit photographs, clairvoyance, hallucinations and automatism. It contains a summary and conclusion for the two volumes. Podmore was a leading member of the Victorian Society for Psychical Research and his work remains an indispensable source for the modern-day historian of nineteenth-century Spiritualism and occult practices.
Physiology and Form of Fish Circulation
Authors: Satchell Geoffrey H.
Published: February 2012

This book provides a clear and concise account of the physiology and form of the fish circulatory system. Emphasis is primarily placed on the function of the system although details of structure have been included. Following some revisionary ideas on haemodynamics, attention is focused on the heart as the primary pump in the fish circulatory system. The fine structure and the electrical and ionic myocytes are described and the major events of the cardiac system are outlined. This is followed by a description of the structure of the peripheral vessels and of circulation in certain special areas such as the gills, the renal portal system and the secondary blood system. Further chapters are devoted to the blood and the haemopoetic tissues and include an account of the different types of retial system that concentrate oxygen or heat in various parts of the body. This book is well illustrated and written in a style comprehensible to anyone with a basic knowledge of the biological and physical sciences. Both undergraduate and graduate students of physiology, zoology and marine science will find this an invaluable reference text.
Turned to Account
Authors: Faller Lincoln B.
Published: February 2012

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, widespread fear of criminal assault motivated the publication of hundreds of pamphlets tracing the lives and misdeeds of London's most notorious rogues. Turned to Account is a study that focuses on the popular genre of criminal biography, examining how it played upon and reflected English society's fears and interest in aberrant behaviour. The author has not produced a criminal history, but an intriguing distillation of some 2,000 separate narratives describing the lives, deeds, and dying words of thieves, murderers, and various scoundrels. Lincoln Faller examines ways in which ordinary Englishmen read, wrote, and presumably thought on the subject of criminal actions and character. He completes his treatment by showing how the pamphlets served to delineate the lines of socially acceptable behaviour. Faller has chosen his examples with skill and economy to produce a comprehensive and interesting work.
Washington during Civil War and Reconstruction
Authors: Harrison Robert
Published: February 2012

In this provocative study, Robert Harrison provides new insight into grassroots reconstruction after the Civil War and into the lives of those most deeply affected, the newly emancipated African Americans. Harrison argues that the District of Columbia, far from being marginal to the Reconstruction story, was central to Republican efforts to reshape civil and political relations, with the capital a testing ground for Congressional policy makers. The study describes the ways in which federal agencies such as the Army and the Freedmen's Bureau attempted to assist Washington's freed population and shows how officials struggled to address the social problems resulting from large-scale African-American migration. It also sheds new light on the political processes that led to the abandonment of Reconstruction and the onset of black disfranchisement.
The History of Greece
Authors: Curtius Ernst
Published: February 2012

The German archaeologist Ernst Curtius (1814–1896) published his seminal work The History of Greece in 3 volumes between 1857 and 1867. It quickly became a bestseller and was republished in numerous German editions. The work was translated into English by the eminent British historian Adolphus William Ward (1837–1924) who divided it into five volumes, published between 1868 and 1873. Volume 5 covers the twilight of the Greek city-states; the rise of Macedon and Philip's military conquests; and the final struggle for the independence of the Greek states. It contains a general index for all five volumes. Curtius' History was a pioneering work of classical scholarship. For many generations it provided an indispensable guide through the complex history of the Greek world, and it continues to inspire researchers today.
Pioneering on the Congo
Authors: Bentley W. Holman
Published: February 2012

William Holman Bentley (1855–1905) was a missionary who spent twenty-one years in the area of the Congo. Originally published in 1900, these two volumes document the pioneering work of travellers to the area between 1879 and 1899. During that time it progressed from being virtually unexplored to a fully charted region with government officers, traders and missionaries operating far and wide. As the only foreign witness to the entire period, Bentley provides an authoritative account of the dramatic developments he observed in the Congo's geography, culture, religion and commerce. Volume 1 sets the discussion within a historical context, and moves on to recount the missionaries' objectives and their effect on the native tribes. Finishing by revealing the important discovery of a new route to the upper river, it presents a unique and insightful study that remains relevant to geographers, ethnologists and historians alike.
Excursion through the Slave States, from Washington on the Potomac to the Frontier of Mexico
Authors: Featherstonhaugh George William
Published: February 2012

The English geologist George William Featherstonhaugh (1780–1866) was commissioned to undertake a survey of the Arkansas territory in America, and spent 1834–5 travelling through the southern slave states to reach his destination. He was shocked by the slave system of the south, saying he 'had never seen so revolting a sight'. When he began to write about his experiences, Featherstonhaugh was urged not to publish his work in the US, as his opinions might 'irritate a powerful interest', and his manuscript remained unpublished until 1844, after his return to England. His lively two-volume account of his adventures contains a fascinating mixture of scientific and sociological detail. It is a closely observed record of Southern society in the period before the Civil War that candidly documents the violence experienced by Black slaves, Native Americans and frontier settlers. Volume 2 describes the geography and inhabitants of Arksansas and New Orleans.
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson
Authors: Jefferson Thomas
Published: February 2012

Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) was the third United States President (1801–9) and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. An advocate of republicanism, he envisioned America as an 'Empire of Liberty' that would strive to promote freedom around the world. First published in 1853–4, this nine-volume edition of Jefferson's writings shows the breadth of his intellectual and political interests. His autobiography, letters, diaries and political memoranda reflect a life lived at the centre of pivotal events, including the French and American Revolutions, and the founding of a new nation. Through them we discover his contribution to the pursuit of world peace, the evolving relationships between the United States and the European powers, and the development of the American constitution and judicial system. Volume 6 presents a further collection of letters written towards the end of his presidency and afterwards, covering topics from astronomy to world conflict.
My Early Travels and Adventures in America and Asia
Authors: Stanley Henry Morton
Published: February 2012

Sir Henry Morton Stanley (1841–1904) was a journalist and explorer renowned for his adventures in Africa. After emigrating to America in 1859, Stanley worked as a journalist for the New York Herald. In 1869 he was instructed to undertake an expedition to find the missionary David Livingstone, and the success of this mission brought him public recognition and financial success. Published in 1895, these two volumes contain Stanley's early journalistic writing as special correspondent for the Herald and the Missouri Democrat. Volume 2 begins in 1869, when Stanley was sent to report on the inauguration of the Suez Canal, to write a guide to the Nile and to give an account of Sir Charles Warren's explorations underneath Jerusalem, before proceeding through Persia to India. Displaying his characteristic energy, versatility and direct writing style throughout, Stanley portrays, in the words of his publisher, 'life-like pictures of times gone by'.
Unknown Mexico
Authors: Lumholtz Carl
Published: February 2012

Carl Lumholtz (1851–1922) was a Norwegian ethnographer and explorer who, soon after publishing an influential study of Australian Aborigines (also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection), spent five years researching native peoples in Mexico. This two-volume work, published in 1903, describes his expeditions to remote parts of north-west Mexico, inspired by reports about indigenous peoples who lived in cliff dwellings along mountainsides. While in the US in 1890 on a lecture tour, Lumholtz was able to raise sufficient funds for the expedition. He arrived in Mexico City that summer, and after meeting the president, Porfirio Díaz, he set off with a team of scientists for the Sierra Madre del Norte mountains in the north-west of Mexico, to find the cave-dwelling Tarahumare Indians. Volume 1 covers the start of the expedition and Tarahumare life, etiquette and beliefs, as well as details of the natural history of this little-explored region.
The Correspondence of Samuel Richardson
Authors: Richardson Samuel
Published: February 2012

Samuel Richardson (1689–1761), the English writer and printer best known for his epistolary novels, including Pamela (1740) and Clarissa (1748), had preserved copies of his extensive correspondence with a view to its eventual publication, and these volumes, edited by Anna Laetitia Barbauld and first published in 1804, contain her selection from his papers. Richardson became a printer's apprentice in 1706 and for the rest of his life managed a successful printing business in addition to writing his highly popular and influential novels. After the success of Pamela, Richardson regularly corresponded with leading contemporary literary figures including Henry Fielding and Samuel Johnson. The letters provide fascinating insights into Richardson's life and literary and social activities, as well as discussions of current affairs. Volume 1 contains a biography of Richardson by Mrs Barbauld; this is followed by his correspondence with friends such as Aaron Hill and the Scots printer William Strahan.
The Correspondence of Samuel Richardson
Authors: Richardson Samuel
Published: February 2012

Samuel Richardson (1689–1761), the English writer and printer best known for his epistolary novels, including Pamela (1740) and Clarissa (1748), had preserved copies of his extensive correspondence with a view to its eventual publication, and these volumes, edited by Anna Laetitia Barbauld and first published in 1804, contain her selection from his papers. Richardson became a printer's apprentice in 1706 and for the rest of his life managed a successful printing business in addition to writing his highly popular and influential novels. After the success of Pamela, Richardson regularly corresponded with leading contemporary literary figures including Henry Fielding and Samuel Johnson. The letters provide fascinating insights into Richardson's life and literary and social activities, as well as discussions of current affairs. Volume 3 contains correspondence with (among others) Thomas Edwards, the poet and literary editor, and Hester Mulso (Mrs Chapone).
Arithmetic Differential Operators over the p-adic Integers
Authors: Ralph Claire C. , Simanca Santiago R.
Published: February 2012

The study of arithmetic differential operators is a novel and promising area of mathematics. This complete introduction to the subject starts with the basics: a discussion of p-adic numbers and some of the classical differential analysis on the field of p-adic numbers leading to the definition of arithmetic differential operators on this field. Buium's theory of arithmetic jet spaces is then developed succinctly in order to define arithmetic operators in general. Features of the book include a comparison of the behaviour of these operators over the p-adic integers and their behaviour over the unramified completion, and a discussion of the relationship between characteristic functions of p-adic discs and arithmetic differential operators that disappears as soon as a single root of unity is adjoined to the p-adic integers. This book is essential reading for researchers and graduate students who want a first introduction to arithmetic differential operators over the p-adic integers.
Études et leçons sur la Révolution Française
Authors: Aulard Alphonse
Published: February 2012

Alphonse Aulard (1849–1928) was the first French historian to use nineteenth-century historicist methods in the study of the French Revolution. Pioneered by German historians such as Leopold van Ranke, this approach emphasised empiricism, objectivity and the scientific pursuit of facts, rather than philosophical and literary concerns. Aulard's commitment to archival investigation is evidenced by the many edited collections of primary sources that appear in his extensive publication record. In these eight volumes of papers analysing the French Revolution (published 1893–1921), Aulard sought to apply the principles of historicism to reveal the truth. The work draws on earlier journal articles and lectures which Aulard delivered as Professor of the History of the French Revolution at the Sorbonne, a post he had held since 1885. Volume 6 (1910) describes the development of the motto 'Liberty, Equality, Fraternity', and assesses the accuracy of early accounts of the Revolution.
25-Hydroxycholecalciferol status in plasma is linearly correlated to daily summer pasture time in cattle at 56°N
Authors: Hymøller Lone , Jensen Søren K.
Published: February 2012

In vitrostudies with skin samples or pure precursors of cholecalciferol indicated that cholecalciferol synthesis during UV light exposure is a non-linear process. However,in vitrostudies indicate nothing about the relationship between sunlight exposure and physiological cholecalciferol status of living organisms. Due to the lack of cholecalciferol in plant material, this relationship is important for herbivores including domestic cattle, particularly in organic agriculture, because the use of synthetic additives, like cholecalciferol, is restricted in order to fulfil the principles of sustainable organic production. The major physiological metabolite of cholecalciferol is the liver-derived 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3). The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between sunlight exposure and 25(OH)D3statusin vivoin large herbivores during mid-summer at 56°N. Five groups of cows were given access to pasture during 15, 30, 75, 150 or 300 min daily for 28 d in June and plasma analysed for 25(OH)D3. Animals allowed 15, 30 or 75 min of daily access to pasture showed a declining linear relationship between plasma 25(OH)D3and sampling day in contrast to animals allowed 150 or 300 min of pasture access which showed linear increasing plasma 25(OH)D3status. Determined from the slopes of 25(OH)D3concentration curves within treatments, breakeven for maintaining the initial 25(OH)D3status of 45 nmol/l was 90 min pasture access per d during summer at 56°N.
Cholesteatoma surgery in children: 10-year retrospective review
Authors: Visvanathan V , Kubba H , Morrissey M S C
Published: February 2012

Objective:

To review outcomes following paediatric cholesteatoma surgery performed between 1999 and 2009 in a tertiary paediatric ENT unit.

Study design:

Retrospective case note review.

Results:

A total of 137 mastoid procedures were recorded. Fifty-four per cent of children were observed to have disease involving the entire middle-ear cleft and mastoid complex. The revision rate was 25 per cent. Time to recurrence was one to three years in 17 patients, three to six years in five patients, and six to nine years in three cases. Eight of 25 revision cases demonstrated spontaneous improvement in air conduction thresholds following primary surgery. A high facial ridge and inadequate meatoplasty correlated highly with disease recurrence.

Conclusion:

Children tend to present with aggressive disease. Disease extent and ossicular chain involvement are associated with a higher risk of recurrent disease. Spontaneous improvement in hearing thresholds following cholesteatoma surgery should alert the clinician to recurrent disease.