bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Knowledge Level, Consumption Habits, Sugar and Calories Content in Ice Cream on the Nutritional Status of Depok Students
Authors: Habieb Salsabila Firdausiyah Nur , Ilmi Ibnu Malkan Bakhrul , Nasrulloh Nanang , Marjan Avliya Quratul
Published: March 2024

Background: Obesity is a nutritional problem in Indonesia. A factor that influences the incidence of obesity is a high-sugar diet (ex., ice cream products). The consumption rate of ice cream increases every year and is also accompanied by an increasing number of outlets providing ice cream products. Added sugar in ice cream contributes to an increased intake of high-calorie foods that leads to obesity.
Objectives: To analyze level of knowledge, consumption habits, sugar and calorie content of ice cream on the nutritional status of Depok students.
Methods: Observational research with cross-sectional design, analyzed with frequency distribution and chi-square test. Data were obtained using online questionnaire. The research was conducted in the city of Depok, involving 939 samples of Depok students selected with purposive sampling methods.
Results: 667 (71,0%) students have a good level of nutritional knowledge and 578 (61,6%) students unusually eat ice cream. There is no relationship between the level of nutritional knowledge (p-value: 0,609)  and ice cream consumption habits (p-value: 0,211) on the nutritional status of students. Vanilla ice cream cup with cookies and cream topping is the most preferred ice cream, containing 13,28 grams of sugar and 154,11 kcal calories.
Conclusions: Depok students have good nutritional knowledge and unusually eat ice cream. The sugar and calorie content of the ice cream are high.
Gambaran Pola Asuh Orang Tua dan Perilaku Makan Balita Obesitas di Kabupaten Kebumen
Authors: Karomah Ulfatul , Suparno Suparno , Imani Teguh
Published: March 2024

Latar Belakang: Menurut data SSGI tahun 2022, prevalensi gizi lebih pada balita di Indonesia yaitu 3,5%, di Jawa Tengah 3,2% sedangkan di Kabupaten Kebumen sebesar 3,3%. Balita gizi lebih memiliki resiko mengalami gangguan perkembangan motorik kasar sebesar 12 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan balita status gizi normal. Saat ini, masih sedikit program kesehatan yang fokus terhadap pengentasan obesitas pada balita.
Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pola asuh pemberian makan dan perilaku makan balita obesitas sehingga dapat dijadikan referensi pembuatan program pencegahan balita obesitas di Kabupaten Kebumen.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan wawancara mendalam. Informan berjumlah sepuluh orang terdiri dari informan utama yaitu orang tua balita obesitas dan informan kunci yaitu ahli gizi dan bidan Puskesmas.
Hasil: Sebagian besar orang tua balita obesitas tidak berusaha dengan keras untuk menyuruh anaknya makan, jarang menjanjikan sesuatu agar anak bersedia makan, serta sering memperbolehkan anak memilih makanan yang disukainya. Orang tua memberikan kesempatan balita untuk menambah porsi makan serta memperbolehkan mengambil makanannya sendiri. Sebagain besar perilaku makan balita obesitas yaitu frekuensi makan utama 2 sampai 3 kali per hari, frekuensi minum susu formula lebih dari 8 botol per hari, sering mengonsumsi makanan selingan tinggi kalori dan gula. Pada balita dibawah satu tahun, terdapat riwayat selalu diberikan MP ASI pabrikan mulai usia 6 bulan.
Kesimpulan: Program edukasi pencegahan balita obesitas berbasis pola asuh parental demandingness dan responsiveness serta pola makan yang tepat sangat diperlukan untuk mengurangi angka gizi lebih pada balita di Kabupaten Kebumen.
The Effect of SMS Gateway Intervention on Increasing Knowledge in Pregnant Women with Anaemia
Authors: Dzakiyyah Anwar  , Andi Faradilah  , Andi Irhamnia Sakinah  , Rini Fitriani
Published: March 2024

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is one of the indirect causes of the high maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia. To prevent and overcome anemia in pregnancy, an Iron supplement tablets program (IST) is carried out. However, this Programme has yet to show tangible results. One of the challenges is a low mother's compliance to consuming IST due to a lack of knowledge. Today, Short Messaging Service (SMS) appears to be an alternative to health promotion media. Aims: This study aims to determine the effect of SMS gateway on the level of knowledge about IST consumption among pregnant women with anemia. Methods: This study is a double-blind experimental research with a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design. We took anemic pregnant women at seven health centers in Makassar City who met the inclusion criteria with a total sample of 68 people (35 control and 33 intervention). Results: There was a significant difference in the mean value of pre-test and post-test knowledge levels in the intervention group that received SMS gateway (p-value = 0.047). However, there is no significant difference in the mean value of pre test and post-test knowledge between the control and intervention groups (p-value = 0.215). Conclusion: There is an effect of SMS gateway on the knowledge levels regarding IST consumption among pregnant women with anemia.
Analysis of Socio-Demographic Factors Influencing Anxiety in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Anggraini Merry Tiyas , Susilo Budi Pratama
Published: March 2024

Background: Advanced chronic kidney disease patients need hemodialysis, the most used method of renal replacement therapy today. The patient will receive hemodialysis therapy for the rest of their life so that it can have a psychological effect like anxiety. Aims: This study aims to examine the socio-demographic variables affecting anxiety in hemodialysis patients. Method: This research used a cross-sectional analytical observational study design. A total sampling technique was used in this research. From 113 outpatient hemodialysis patients in March 2023, 80 samples of patients at Roemani Semarang Hospital met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were patients undergoing hemodialysis at Roemani Semarang Hospital who were willing to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria were incomplete questionnaires, patients with impaired consciousness, patients with communication disorders, and patients using anti-anxiety medication. The information collected was primary information from questionnaires and interviews. The data were tested using the Spearman test with a significance level of p<0.05 for age and family support, and the chi-square test for gender, employment, and educational status. Results: The statistical analysis showed a p-value of 0.704 for age, a p-value of 0.020 for gender, a p-value of 0.558 for employment, a p-value of 0.138 for educational level, and a p-value of 0.000 for family support. Conclusion: The results showed a significant relationship between gender and family support with anxiety levels. The higher the family support, the lower the anxiety level. There is no relationship between age, employment, and education level with the anxiety level of patients undergoing hemodialysis at Roemani Semarang Hospital.
Actividad enzimática ligninolítica de dos poblaciones de Ganoderma spp. en interacción con Trichoderma spp.
Authors: Mendoza-Arceo Andrea , Chan-Cupul Wilberth , Osuna-Castro Juan Alberto , Carrillo-Díaz María Isabel
Published: March 2024

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron evaluar la actividad enzimática ligninolítica (AEL = lacasa, manganeso peroxidasa [MnP]) y lipasa peroxidasa [LiP]) de dos poblaciones de Ganoderma spp. (ruderal y urbana), determinar el tipo de interacción fúngica de cada población en cocultivos con cepas de Trichoderma spp. y cuantificar la AEL en las interacciones. Se aislaron siete cepas ruderales y siete urbanas, se determinó y comparó su tasa de crecimiento diario (TCD) y su AEL. Con tres cepas de cada población con mejor TCD, se establecieron cocultivos con tres cepas de Trichoderma spp. (T85, T98 y T99). Las cepas ruderales presentaron más actividad MnP y LiP, pero menor TCD en comparación con las cepas urbanas. La actividad de la lacasa fue igual en ambas poblaciones. La interacción más común entre Ganoderma spp. y Trichoderma spp. fue la inhibición al contacto. Las cepas ruderales de Ganoderma spp. (4R y 9R) cuando crecen en monocultivo no presentaron actividad MnP; sin embargo, cuando interactúan con Trichoderma, la MnP se presentó (entre 150 a 3000 %) e incrementó la LiP (entre 13 al 51 %). En cepas urbanas de Ganoderma spp. la actividad lacasa (entre 8 a 183 %), MnP (entre 24 a 144 %) y LiP (entre 5 a 6268 %) aumentó en las interacciones con Trichoderma. La AEL en cada población fue variable, la interacción más común entre Ganoderma spp. y Trichoderma spp. fue el bloqueo al contacto con incrementos significativos en la AEL.
The Effect off Leadership Style and Work Environment on Online Team Performance Using SEM-PLS
Authors: Indriartiningtias Retno
Published: March 2024

The problem that occurs in the online group of Gen-Q Educational Product Distribution (EPD-R), namely the lack of qualified EPC which causes organizational performance in the EPD-R online group is less than optimal. The purpose of this study is to know whether the style of leadership and work environment affects the performance of the team in the EPD-R online group. The method used is SEM with the Tools Partial Least Square (pls). Partial Least Square (pls) is a multivariate statistical analysis technique by predicting the effect of variables X to Y variables and explaining theoretical relationships between the two variables. The results showed that the influence of leadership style variables on team performance was proven significant with a value of p-value 0.05 and the working environment variable on the team's performance did not have a significant effect because of the value of p-value 0.05. The coefficiency value of the leadership style variable on the performance of the team has a positive value. Where, when leadership style increases, team performance will also increase. While the coefficient value of the work environment variable on the performance of the team has a positive value.
Developing a Model of the Influence of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance and Job Satisfaction at PT. XYZ with PLS-SEM Method
Authors: Ardelia Areta Shafa , Rochani Renny , Damayanti Retno Wulan
Published: March 2024

In the era of industrial development, the urgency of the human resource factor is undeniable, because humans are the core elements that run the industry. In an organization, because of the process of interaction between individuals, there must be a culture that grows and becomes the basis for the behavior of the organization. The problem that occurred at PT. XYZ is that there is still a lack of optimization of the management of the company's organizational culture. Therefore, this study focuses on how to achieve optimal organizational culture management, mapped with a model of the influence of organizational culture on employee performance and job satisfaction. The method used in this research is descriptive method supported by a quantitative approach. Data collection was carried out through interviews and questionnaires on the sample population of employees working at PT. XYZ with random sampling method and Slovin formula. The data were processed and analyzed using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The results of the research show that organizational culture has a significant influence on employee performance and job satisfaction at PT. XYZ.
MANAJEMEN PROGRAM STANDARI SASI DAN SERTIFIKASI KOMPETENSI DI BADAN PENGEMBANGAN SDM KEMENTERIAN DALAM NEGERI
Authors: Sari Dewi Listina , Rochanah Siti , Muhammad Amril
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAK

Tujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan data yang berhubungan dengan Manajemen Program Standarisasi dan Sertifikasi Kompetensi di Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Kementerian Dalam Negeri. Seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Semiawan, dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif diharapkan peneliti dapat memperoleh data dan informasi yang dibutuhkan.

Penelitian ini Pada penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan penelitian kualitatif karena informasi yang diperoleh berdasarkan hasil pengamatan terhadap proses yang terjadi di lapangan. Tetapi tetap berorientasi pada teori yang sudah ada yang disajikan sebagai bahan penjelasan.

.Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, (1). Perencanaan standarisasi dilakukan di Pusat 1 yaitu pusat standarisasi dan sertifikasi kompetensi yaang memiliki beberapa fungsi salah satunya yaitu penyusunan kebijakan teknis dan rencana standarisasi dan kependidikan, kurikulum, dan pengembangan teknologi pembelajaran di bidang Kementerian Dalam Negeri dan Pemerintah Daerah. (2) Pelaksanaan sertifikasi kompetensi dilakukan setelah standar ditetapkan, karena standar dipergunakan sebagai acuan serta tolak ukur kompetensi yang akan dicapai pada bidang-bidang atau profesi yang akan di sertifikasi agar dapat memperoleh kesamaan seluruh Indonesia serta tidak adanya perbedaan diantara lembaga-lembaga lainnya.

Kata kunci: Manajemen, Program, Standarisasi dan Sertifikasi kompetensi
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU DALAM MENGELOLA KELAS MELALUI SUPERVISI AKADEMIS DI SMA NEGERI 76 JAKARTA
Authors: Sukarmo Sukarmo
Published: March 2024

This research is a class action study conducted at SMA Negeri 76 Jakarta, this research aims to improve the teacher's ability to manage classes through academic supervision. This research is a qualified method research with the design of the research action used in this research is the Hopkins model. The research instrument as a data collection tool in the study is an observation sheet in the form of rubric, poll, interviews, documentation studies, and library studies. Observation, used to collect data about teacher activity in learning activities. The results of the study were divided into two cycles i.e. cycle I and II, in cycle I based on the results of the average score from eleven respondents showed still not optimal levels of the teacher's ability to manage classes. This is evident from the average observation score of 3.09 and the average value of the poll is 3.12 from the maximum score of 4.00. While in cycle II the average score from respondents showed an increase when compared to gains in cycle I. This is evident from the average observation score of 3.65 and the average value of the poll is 3.64.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS MATERI TEKS NARATIF SISWA SMK MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW
Authors: Unipa Supadi
Published: March 2024

This article aims to describe: 1) student learning activities, 2) teacher teaching activities, 3) increasing of English learning outcomes was by using cooperative learning of jigsaw type.  This class action research was conducted in 2 (two) cycles, with the research subject of accounting student of the grade X at SMK Pembangunan Jaya Jakarta which was registered in the even semester of school year 2018/2019, which amounted 42 students. This research object was the teachers teaching activities and students learning activities in English learning of narrative text materials. Data collection was obtained through twice of study observation and learning result was obtained through tests. The results showed that the cooperative learning of jigsaw types could significantly increase 1) Students learning activities were from an average of 3.2 in the first cycle to reach 3.82; 2) Teachers teaching activities were the average score of teacher teaching activity in the first cycle of 3.2 then in the second cycle reaches 3.91; and 3) students who mastered the first cycle as many as 24 students (57%) and did not master 18 students (43%) with an average score of 66, while on the second cycle increased 34 students (80%) who mastered and 8 students (20%) did not master with an average score of 76
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBM) Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berfikir lancar Siswa Pada Materi Reaksi Redoks
Authors: Perdana Ryzal
Published: March 2024

Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBM) Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berfikir Lancar Siswa Pada Materi  Reaksi Redoks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan efektivitas model pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBM) dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir lancar siswa pada materi  reaksi redoks. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI IPA yang ada di SMA Negeri 1 Tulangbawang pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah clauster random sampling dan diperoleh sampel kelas XI IPA 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan XI IPA 4 sebagai kelas kontrol. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design.  Pengaruh model PBM diukur berdasarkan rata-rata nilai n-Gain keterampilan berpikir lancar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kelas eksperimen rata-rata nilai n-Gain keterampilan berpikir lancar siswa sebesar 0,88 (kriteria tinggi). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran  PBM efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir lancar siswa pada materi reaksi redoks.
Manajemen Program Digital Parenting dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Hubungan Sekolah Dengan Orang Tua di SMP Islam Al Azhar 1 Jakarta
Authors: Murti Sari
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Islam Al Azhar 1 Jakarta, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses perencanaan dan pelaksanaan program Digital Parenting yang dilakukan SMP Islam Al Azhar 1 Jakarta dalam peningkatan kualitas hubungan sekolah dengan orang tua. Perencanaan program digital parenting memiliki beberapa fungsi yaitu salah satunya adalah menjadikan orang tua paham bagaimana mendampingi dan mengawasi anaknya belajar di sekolah maupun di rumah. Penetapan hasil program digital parenting dinyatakan berhasil jika pengaduan atau komplain orang tua berkurang di sekolah, jika masih terdapat banyak pengaduan terkait siswa masih akan terus diadakan sampai benar-benar dirasa bermanfaat dengan adanya program ini sesuai yang sudah ditetapkan dalam SOP program digital parenting.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH SISWA PADA MATERI POLA BILANGAN
Authors: Wulandari Inayah , Hanifah Umi , A'imah Syarifatul
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing terhadap motivasi belajar siswa dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa pada materi pola bilangan siswa kelas 8 B MTs Miftahul Ulum Assimachi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di MTs Miftahul Ulum Assimachi Kecamatan Grati Kabupaten Pasuruan yang dilakukan kepada siswa kelas 8B tahun ajaran 2023/2024 yang berjumlah 28 siswa. Model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan memecahkan masalah dan motivasi belajar siswa kelas 8B MTs Miftahul Ulum Assimachi. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan rata-rata nilai yang diperoleh dan tingkat keaktifan siswa meningkat selama pembelajaran dengan model inkuiri terbimbing.
Metode pengajaran matematika pada anak berkebutuhan khusus tuna grahita dan autis di SLB YKK pacitan
Authors: Sutarman
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat metode mengajar Matematika pada siswa berkebutuhan khusus tuna grahita dan autis di SLB YKK Pacitan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data diambil dengan melakukan wawancara kepada lima guru Matematika di SLB YKK Pacitan. Peneliti menggunakan instrumen panduan wawancara dengan penekanan pada penggalian metode mengajar Matematika bagi siswa berkebutuhan khusus tuna grahita dan autis. Selain itu, peneliti juga melakukan observasi. Setelah data terkumpul, peneliti menganalisis data dengan tahapan membuat coding data/klasifikasi data, menyajikan dan menguraikan data, dan membuat kesimpulan. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama bulan Juni-Juli tahun 2023. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa guru harus memahami prinsip pengajaran tuna grahita dan autis sebelum mengajar. Prinsip pengajaran pada anak tuna grahita mencakup pengembangan potensi, tidak berbasis kelas, kolaborasi dengan orang tua, modifikasi kurikulum, modifikasi perilaku, dan proses evaluasi belajar yang runtut. Metode pengajaran anak tuna grahita menggunakan benda konkrit, pembelajaran langsung dengan instruksi langsung, pembelajaran kooperatif, dan metode pengulangan. Sedangkan prinsip pengajaran anak autis meliputi efikasi orang tua, membangun konsentrasi, dan memetakan gangguan. Metode yang dipakai guru meliputi metode Lovaas atau ABA, TEACCH, Son-Rise Program, PEC (Picture Exchange Communication), dan terapi sensori integrasi.

Kata kunci: Autis, Belajar Matematika, Metode Matematika, Tuna Grahita
Vertical root fracture resistance and crack formation of root filled teeth treated with or without minimally invasive endodontic shaping
Authors: Rathke Andreas , Frehse Henry , Muche Rainer
Published: March 2024

The aim was to investigate the vertical root fracture (VRF) resistance and crack formation of root filled teeth treated with (+) or without (–) minimally invasive endodontic (MIE) preparation. Human maxillary central incisors of similar size were decoronated, randomized into six groups (n = 18, power = 0.9) and embedded in acrylic blocks with artificial periodontal ligament. In the +MIE group, root canals were prepared with nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files up to size #40, taper 0.04 and filled with conventional cement (C) or adhesive (A) sealers in single-cone obturation. Preparations of the –MIE group were enlarged with NiTi rotary and K-files up to ISO size #80 and filled according to C or A. Controls either received no treatment or left unfilled after preparation. After thermocycling and staircase loading in a chewing simulator, the crack formation on the root surface was microscopically examined and classified as no defect, craze line, vertical crack, and horizontal crack. Subsequently, the samples were loaded until root fracture. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction. Post hoc analysis revealed no significant difference in the incidence of defects between the groups (P ≥0.0772). VRF resistance was significantly higher in untreated teeth than in +MIE/C (P = 0.0202), but not significantly different between other groups (P ≥ 0.0680). Both VRF resistance and crack formation of root filled teeth were statistically indistinguishable with or without MIE preparation. Most dentin defects were vertical root cracks.
Volatile organic compounds from garlic (Allium sativum L.)/mustard (Brassica nigra L.) oil macerate enhances antibiotic killing by inhibiting the staphyloxanthin biosynthesis against Staphylococcus aureus: An In-vitro and In-silico study
Authors: Singha Joydeep , Dutta Nipu , Saikia Jyoti Prasad
Published: March 2024

In the present research volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of garlic/mustard oil macerate (GMM) (garlic clove and mustard oil in the ratio of 1:4, heated at 80 OC for 4 h) was found to enhance the antibacterial activity of antibiotics (gentamycin, 41.17%; kanamycin, 38.89%, and streptomycin, 43.75%) against S. aureus. The mechanism behind the enhancement of S. aureus's sensitivity to antibiotics may be due to reduction of antibiotics resistance. On evaluating one of the well-known antibiotic resistance mechanisms of S. aureus, the ability to produce staphyloxanthin, it has been observed that the VOCs of GMM alone can decrease staphyloxanthin (44.23 ± 0.14%) production. This decrease of staphyloxanthin production and thereby increasing sensitivity to antibiotic, may be assigned to the compounds present in the VOCs of GMM. The major VOCs present in the of GMM were identified as allicin, ajoene, vinyl dithiin, allyl isothiocynate and sinigrin. The order of binding of VOCs with dehydroxysqualene synthase (crtM) protein, which is important in staphyloxanthin production of S. aureus, was found to be sinigrin > ajoene > allicin > dithiin > AITC. Further, decrease in staphyloxanthin production found to increase the membrane fluidity of S. aureus as validated by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy and this may allow antibiotics to enter inside the bacterial cell more rapidly.
Impact of early preeclampsia prediction on medication adherence and behavior change: a survey of pregnant and recently-delivered individuals
Authors: Cowan Alison , Haverty Carrie , MacDonald Reece , Khodursky Arkady
Published: March 2024

Background: Behavior change and medication adherence represent potential barriers to optimal prevention of pregnancy complications including preeclampsia. We sought to evaluate baseline sentiments on pregnancy care and medication amenability, and how these measures would be impacted by early predictive testing for preeclampsia.
Methods: We developed a digital survey to query participants’ baseline sentiments on pregnancy care, knowledge about pregnancy complications, and views on a hypothetical test to predict preeclampsia. The survey was administered online to pregnant and recently-delivered individuals in the United States. Survey data were analyzed using pooled two-sample proportion z-tests with adjustment for multiple comparisons.
Results: 1022 people completed the survey. 84% reported they were satisfied with their pregnancy care. Self-assessed knowledge about preeclampsia was high, with 75% of respondents reporting they have a “good understanding” of preeclampsia, but measured knowledge was low, with only 10% able to identify five common signs/symptoms of preeclampsia. Notably, 40% of participants with prior preeclampsia believed they were at average or below-average risk for recurrence. 91% of participants desired early pregnancy predictive testing for preeclampsia. If found to be at high risk for preeclampsia, 88% reported they would be more motivated to follow their provider’s medication recommendations and 94% reported they would desire home blood pressure monitoring. Increased motivation to follow clinicians’ medication and monitoring recommendations was observed across the full spectrum of medication amenability. Individuals who are more medication-hesitant still reported high rates of motivation to change behavior and adhere to medication recommendations if predictive testing showed a high risk of preeclampsia. Importantly, a high proportion of medication-hesitant individuals reported that if a predictive test demonstrated they were at high risk of preeclampsia, they would feel more motivated to take medications (83.0%) and aspirin (75.9%) if recommended.
Conclusion: While satisfaction with care is high, participants desire more information about their pregnancy health, would value predictive testing for preeclampsia, and report they would act on this information. Improved detection of at-risk individuals through objective testing combined with increased adherence to their recommended care plan may be an important step to remedy the growing gap in prevention.
Atmospheric circulation to constrain subtropical precipitation projections
Authors: Chemke Rei , Yuval Janni
Published: March 2024

Accurately assessing future changes in precipitation presents one of the greatest challenges of climate change. A leading source of uncertainty in precipitation predictions stems from potential future changes in atmospheric circulation. Specifically, in the tropics, changes in the Hadley circulation are expected to considerably affect precipitation in dry subtropical and wet equatorial regions. However, while climate models project a robust weakening of the Northern Hemisphere circulation in the coming decades, currently, we have low confi-dence in the magnitude of such weakening and its impact on regional precipitation patterns. Here, using emergent constraint analyses and observation-based Hadley circulation strength changes, we show that the Hadley circulation is expected to undergo substantially stronger weakening in the coming decades, relative to current predictions. The more pronounced pro-jected weakening of the flow is found to yield a considerable increase in regional subtropical precipitation compared to current forecasts, specifically over Asia, Africa, and the Pacific Ocean. Our findings not only provide more accurate tropical circulation and precipitation projections but also have significant societal impacts, given the scarcity of water in subtropi-cal regions.
Synthesis of Nano-Liposomes Loaded with Essential Oil Pistaciaatlantica fruit and gum, and Camellia sinensis Extract (NLPACS) and Evaluation of Macroscopic Effects on Healing and Purification of Pseudomonasaeruginosa Infection in Incised Wounds in Wistar Rats
Authors: Bahrami Shabnam , Fooladi Abbas Ali Imani , Bayat Mansour , Chehelcheraghi Farzaneh , Soroush Setareh
Published: March 2024

Wounds provide a suitable environment for microbial attacks and infections, which are among the most significant obstacles to wound healing. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common wound infection agents, known for its high antibiotic resistance. The use of herbal antimicrobial agents in traditional methods of treatment poses certain challenges. Nano-liposomes are considered a novel strategy to overcome these challenges. Nano-liposomes were loaded with a combination of thin-layer hydration and ultrasonic waves using lecithin, cholesterol, pistacia atlantica fruit and gum essential oil, and Camellia sinensis (green tea) extract in an inactive form. The physicochemical properties of NLPACS, including size, zeta potential, loading capacity, and drug release profile, were evaluated. The antibacterial property was assessed using microdilution, and the healing property of NLPACS in the form of a wound ointment was evaluated on infected incised wounds in Wistar rats. The research results indicated that NLPACS, with a capsule efficiency of 81%, a size of 109 nm, a zeta potential of -7.23 mV, and controlled release at 37 degrees Celsius, exhibited an acceptable structure. Its MIC and MBC were 156 and 312.5 µg.mL, respectively. The use of NLPACS in ointment form on infected wounds in Wistar rats confirmed its healing and antibacterial properties. The results showed that NLPACS has suitable physicochemical, antimicrobial, and healing properties, making it a potential drug for the healing of incised wounds contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Prebiotic Asymmetric Synthesis of Ribose by CO2 Reduction in Hydrodynamic Cavitation with Vortex
Authors: Fang Yuxi , Ding Wei , Ying Diwen , Zhang Wendi , Jia Jinping
Published: March 2024

Prebiotic synthesis is a critical aspect in the origin of life. Especially, D-ribose plays a fundamental role in the RNA world theory as the exclusive sugar for RNA1-3. CO2 is known to be predominant in the primitive atmosphere4-6. However, prebiotic synthesis of ribose from CO2 has never been reported, leaving origin of D-ribose as an unsolved conundrum. Herein, we propose the enantiomeric formation of D-ribose by hydrodynamic cavitation with vortex in the prebiotic world, which was supported by the formation of enantiomeric ribose under the simulated prebiotic condition in the opposite vortices of a Venturi reactor equipped with antipodal oblique blades. Various sugars with total concentration of ~2.46 μM were achieved in the presence of Ca2+, in which ribose is the main component, with an enantiomeric excess (ee) in the range of 30.2-40.2%. Formaldehyde and CH2OH· were formed from CO2 by high temperature and high pressure in hydrodynamic cavitation. Ribose was predicted to be formed by the reaction involving addition of CH2OH· starting from formaldehyde in the presence of Ca2+. Vortex is speculated to be initiating symmetry breaking of ribose due to different yield of each enantiomer, induced by geometric coefficient interaction between the chiral intermediate and vortex. Our findings provide a prevalent possibility for the enantiomeric formation of D-ribose by cavitation with specific vortex in the prebiotic ocean, which implies hydrodynamic cavitation would be one of the important driving forces for origin of life.
Research on the effect of rubber powder on asphalt adhesion and resistance to ultraviolet aging
Authors: Hu Jinxuan , Yu Yang , Chen Meizhu , Liu Quantao , Song Shiyu , Chen Yuyi , Deng Hongyang
Published: March 2024

The utilization of rubber powder as a waste material can enhance the performance of asphalt, thereby prolonging the pavement's service life. In this article, the properties of matrix asphalt, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS) modified asphalt, rubber modified asphalt and SBS/ rubber composite modified asphalt under ultraviolet aging were studied. Various characterization methods were employed to evaluate surface free energy and rheological properties. The UV aging mechanism were explored through changes in functional groups. The experimental results reveal that asphalt with the addition of rubber powder shows better resistance to ultraviolet aging. UV radiation significantly influenced the adhesion properties of aged asphalt by increasing its polar component of surface free energy while decreasing its dispersion component. Notably, 2 to 4 days of UV aging improve adhesion properties with a remarkable 164.6% increase in surface free energy for rubber powder-modified asphalt. The complex modulus of modified asphalt is also enhanced by the short-term UV aging. However, long-term exposure to UV radiation results in reduced non-recoverable creep compliance compared to control samples. Furthermore, carbonyl groups in both rubber powder-modified and SBS-modified asphalt exhibit minimal changes due to UV aging effects. For matrix asphalt and SBS modified asphalt, the rubber powder shows the ability to improve adhesion and delay ultraviolet aging. The findings provide valuable theoretical insights into utilizing rubber powder for enhancing the ultraviolet aging resistance of asphalt.
Effective use of models in intelligence-to-decision workflows within and across One Health sectors
Authors: Pepin Kim , Carlisle Keith , Chipman Richard , Cole Dana , Anderson Dean , Baker Michael , Benschop Jackie , Bunce Michael , Binny Rachelle , French Nigel , Greenhalgh Suzie , O'Neale Dion , McDougall Scott , Morgan Fraser , Muellner Petra , Murphy Emil , Plank Michael , Tompkins Daniel , Hayman David
Published: March 2024

Decision-makers in public service face uncertainty. Operational management or policy decisions need to be made about system-level ecological and sociological processes that are complex, poorly understood, and change over time. Relying on intuition, evidence, and experience for robust decision-making is challenging without a formal assimilation of these elements (a model), especially when the decision needs to consider potential impacts if an action is or is not taken. Models can provide assistance to this challenge, but effective use of modeling tools in decision-making can be difficult due to lack of trust, expertise, and transparency and consistency in modeling methods and results. We conducted 41 semi-structured interviews of researchers, operational managers, and policy decision-makers with direct experience in intelligence-to-decision workflows involving models within and across human health, animal health, or environmental sectors (One Health sectors). Qualitative analysis of the interview data reveals important ingredients for effective development and use of quantitative models in informing management or policy decisions in One Health sectors. Two of the priorities we identified for implementing improved workflows include establishing different standards for development of modeling intelligence before or after decisions are made and investment in knowledge brokers with modeling expertise working in teams with decision-makers. These and other priorities we identified are important considerations for developers and users of modeling intelligence in a broad range of institutional contexts.
Post-Sunset Humid-Heat Maxima near the Southern Persian/Arabian Gulf
Authors: Raymond Colin , Matthews Tom , Tuholske Cascade
Published: March 2024

Previous studies have firmly established that extreme humid heat is a prominent climate hazard in coastal portions of the Arabian Peninsula. However, many of its associated features, such as diurnal and spatial variations, remain incompletely explored. Here we present evidence from four independent datasets that evening or nighttime daily maxima in extreme wet-bulb temperature and heat index are widespread along the southern Persian/Arabian Gulf coastline and adjacent inland desert, driven principally by sea-breeze-related movements of moist maritime air. This timing runs counter to the general expectation of greater heat-stress risk during daytime hours. While wet-bulb temperature is not the only metric relevant for understanding heat hazards, its values in coastal Arabia are already closer to the uncompensable-heat limit than anywhere else in the world. Deviations from a simple diurnal assumption about heat risks are thus of critical importance and heighten the value of improved understanding of extreme-humid-heat meteorology, in this region and in ones subject to similar physical processes.
Determination of feed values and ensiling capabilities of some vegetable field crop residues
Authors: ALAY Fatih , GARİPOĞLU ALİ VAİZ , İspirli Kadir , ÖZTÜRK Ergin , ÇANKAYA Necda
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the possibilities of ensiling the field residues (stem, branch, leaves and and inedible fruits) of some vegetables such as tomato (T), fresh bean (FB), cappia pepper (CAP), green pepper (GP), white cabbage (WC) and red cabbage (RC). In this study, the amounts (kg/da) and dry matter (DM) contents of field wastes and also the pH values and nutrient contents, organic acid contents (AA, BA and LA) and relative feed values (RFV) of ensilaged material were determined. Furthermore, organoleptic characteristics (colour, smell and structure) and presence of mold and ammonia were determined in the ensilaged materials. Corn silage was used as comparing material in the study. The crude ash, ADF and NDF contents in WC and RD silages were found lower than those in other silages (P < 0,05). The crude protein contents in T and B silages (15,03 and 15,85%, respectively) were found higher compared to WC and RC silages (13,32 and 13,34%, respectively) (P < 0.05). According to the Flieg scores determined by organic acid contents, the silages were ranked as: RC-Excellent (Class 1), CAP and GP-Good (Class 2), T and WC-Satisfactory (Class 3) and B-Medium (Class 4). The ranking in terms of RFV was as follows: WC and RC- Excellent, GP and B-Very good and T and CAP-Good. All the silage materials were consumed by the cows. These findings showed that the field residues of T, FB, CAP, PP, WC and RC can be used as silage material in ruminant rations.
Carcass Evaluation and Blood Metabolites of Finishing Broiler Chickens Fed Bitterleaf (Vernonia Amygdalina Del.) Meal as Feed Additive in a Tropical Environment
Authors: Ogieriakhi Philemon , Nwokoro Smart
Published: March 2024

The study was conducted using finishing broiler chickens to determine the commercial cuts and carcass characteristics, as well as the blood metabolites when fed diets containing bitterleaf (Vernonia amygdalina DEL.) meal at varying proportion as additive, with the aim of discovering a possibility of improving the commercial cuts of finishing broiler chickens to enable farmers and processors make better profit through better feed conversion to muscles, as well as to check the extent to which internal organs and blood metabolites can be affected from consumption of the leafmeal diets. Four diets were tested. Diet 1 contained no leafmeal and was the control, Diet 2 contained bitterleaf meal (BLM) at 2.5% inclusion level, Diet 3 contained BLM at 5.0% inclusion level and Diet 4 contained BLM at 7.5% inclusion level. Though there were significant (P<0.05) differences in the average live weight of the birds, but the dress percentage had no significant (P>0.05) difference. Some lacerations were observed in the liver of the chickens fed the leafmeal diet at higher inclusion levels of the additive (5% and 7.5%). It was concluded from the study that bitterleaf meal, BLM, can be added as an additive in finishing broiler diet up to 7.5% to improve commercial cuts, though at this inclusion level it might be injurious to some internal organs such as the liver.
Enhancing tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis among hospitalized patients in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a before-and-after study of a lay health worker-driven intervention
Authors: Bulti Abera Balcha , Dumicho Asnake Yohannes , Shigayeva Altynay , Cutsem Gilles Van , Steele Sarah Jane , Buthelezi MS , Mbatha Mduduzi , Isaakidis Petros , Laxmeshwar Chinmay , Furin Jennifer , Ohler Liesbet
Published: March 2024

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) among hospitalized patients is underdiagnosed. This study assessed systematic TB-screening, followed by an enhanced TB-diagnostic package for hospitalized patientsimplemented by trained lay health workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Methods
In this before-and-after study we included patients ≥ 18 years. The intervention consisted of systematic clinical screening for TB, HIV and diabetes mellitus by lay health workers and provision of an enhanced TB-diagnostic package including sputum Xpert MTB/Rif Ultra, urine lateral-flow lipoarabinomannan assay (LF-LAM), chest x-ray, and sputum culture. We compared TB case findings with people hospitalized one year preceding the intervention.
Results
In the pre-intervention phase, 5217 people were hospitalized. Among 4913 (94.2%) people not on TB treatment, 367 (7.5%) were diagnosed with TB. In the intervention phase, 4015 eligible people were hospitalized. Among 3734 (93.0%) people not on TB treatment, 560 (15.0%) were diagnosed with TB. The proportion of patients diagnosed with TB was higher in the intervention phase (15.0% vs. 7.5%, p < 0.001). Overall in-hospital mortality was lower in the intervention phase [166/3734(4.5%) vs. 336/4913(6.8%), p < 0.001].
Conclusion
Lay health worker-led implementation of systematic TB-screening, coupled with provision of an enhanced TB-diagnostic package significantly improved TB case detection and mortality among hospitalized adults.
Differences in virus and immune dynamics for SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron infections by age and vaccination histories
Authors: Tan Maxine W , Anelone Anet J.N. , Tay An Ting , Tan Ren Ying , Zeng Kangwei , Tan Kelvin Bryan , Clapham Hannah Eleanor
Published: March 2024

Vaccination against COVID-19 was integral to controlling the pandemic that persisted with the continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Using a mathematical model describing SARS-CoV-2 within-host infection dynamics, we estimate differences in virus and immunity due to factors of infecting variant, age, and vaccination history (vaccination brand, number of doses and time since vaccination). We fit our model in a Bayesian framework to upper respiratory tract viral load measurements obtained from cases of Delta and Omicron infections in Singapore, of whom the majority only had one nasopharyngeal swab measurement. With this dataset, we are able to recreate similar trends in URT virus dynamics observed in past within-host modelling studies fitted to longitudinal patient data. We found that Omicron had greater infection potential than Delta, indicating greater propensity to establish infection. Moreover, heterogeneities in infection dynamics across patient subgroups could be recreated by fitting immunity-related parameters as vaccination history-specific, with or without age modification. Our model results are consistent with the notion of immunosenescence in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in elderly individuals, and the issue of waning immunity with increased time since last vaccination. Lastly, vaccination was not found to subdue virus dynamics in Omicron infections as well as it had for Delta infections. This study provides insight into the influence of vaccine-elicited immunity on SARS-CoV-2 within-host dynamics, and the interplay between age and vaccination history. Furthermore, it demonstrates the need to disentangle host factors and changes in pathogen to discern factors influencing virus dynamics. Finally, this work demonstrates a way forward in the study of within-host virus dynamics, by use of viral load datasets including a large number of patients without repeated measurements.
Segmented time-dependent effect Cox model and landmark time breakpoint estimation
Authors: Shao Fang , Shi Guoshuai , Bian Wenming , Wang Yang , Chen Tao , Li Chao
Published: March 2024

Background
This study addresses the challenge of modeling time-dependent effects in the Cox model by proposing a novel approach, the segmented time-dependent effect Cox model, and introducing the landmark time breakpoint (LTB). The aim is to overcome limitations in existing methods and provide valuable insights through a Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) case study.
Methods
A two-step procedure is presented to implement the segmented linear time-dependent effect Cox model. In the first step, LTB is estimated using segmented linear regression with weighted Schoenfeld residuals. The second step involves piecewise linear regression for time-dependent effect estimation, addressing biases identified in simulation results.
Results
Application of the proposed method to the SPRINT case study reveals nuanced insights into time-dependent effects. Despite biases identified in the simulation, the proposed method offers advantages over existing techniques in terms of estimation efficiency and interpretability. The SPRINT case study demonstrates the practical significance of LTB (LTB, 2.66, [95% CI, (1.76, 3.57)]), capturing temporal patterns in hazard ratio trends.
Conclusion
This study introduces the segmented time-dependent effect Cox model and the LTB for survival analysis, providing a deeper understanding of hazard ratio trends through a SPRINT case study. Future research may benefit from integrating segmented regression and breakpoint estimation directly into the Cox model for a more streamlined one-step estimation process.
Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Cryoablation for Early-Stage Primary Breast Cancer- A follow-up study in Japan
Authors: Kawamoto Hisanori , Tsugawa Koichiro , Furuya Yuko , Sakamaki Kaori , Kakimoto Sayoko , Kitajima Mina , Nagai Mariko , Tazo Mizuho , Nakano Mari , Kuroda Takako , Shimo Ayaka , Shimo Arata , Kojima Yasuyuki , Tsuzuki Makiko , Motoyoshi Ai , Haku Ei , Nishikawa Toru , Kanemaki Yoshihide , Mimura Hidefumi , Fukuda Mamoru
Published: March 2024

Background
Ultrasound guided percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) for early-stage breast cancer (ESBC) can be performed under local anesthesia in an outpatient clinic. This study continues a pilot stage to examine local control, safety, patient quality of life (QoL), satisfaction and cosmetic outcomes of cryoablation for ESBC.
Methods
PCA was performed under local anesthesia for patients with primary ESBC, followed by radiation and endocrine therapies. Oncologic outcomes were examined by imaging (mammography, ultrasound, MRI) at baseline and 1, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 60 months post-cryoablation. EQ-VAS, EQ-5D-5L, subjective satisfaction and Moiré topography were used to measure health-related QoL outcomes.
Results
Eighteen patients, mean aged 59.0±9.0 years, mean tumor size 9.8±2.3mm, ER+, PR+ (17/18), HER2-, Ki67<20% (15/18), underwent PCA and were followed for a mean of 44.3 months. No serious adverse events were reported, and no patients had local recurrence or distant metastasis in the 5-year follow-up. Cosmetic outcomes, satisfaction level, and QoL all improved post-cryoablation. Five-year average reduction rates of the cryolesion long, short, and depth diameters, on US, were 61.3%, 42.3%, and 22.8%, respectively, compared to the 86.2% volume reduction rate on MRI. The correlation coefficient between MRI and US measurement criteria was highest for the long diameter. During follow-up, calcification of the treated area was observed in 13/18 cases.
Conclusion
Cryoablation for ESBC is an effective and safe procedure with excellent cosmetic outcomes and improved QoL. This study contributes to the growing evidence supporting cryoablation as a potential standard treatment for ESBC, given compliance to pre-defined patient selection criteria.