bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Stability of Hexamethyldisiloxane (MM) for High-Temperature Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
Authors: Preißinger Markus , Brüggemann Dieter
Published: March 2016

The design of efficient Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) units for the usage of industrial waste heat at high temperatures requires direct contact evaporators without intermediate thermal oil circuits. Therefore, the thermal stability of high-temperature working fluids gains importance. In this study, the thermal degradation of hexamethyldisiloxane (MM) is investigated in an electrically heated tube. Qualitative results concerning remarks on degradation products as well as quantitative results like the annual degradation rate are presented. It is shown that MM is stable up to a temperature of 300 °C with annual degradation rates of less than 3.5%. Furthermore, the break of a silicon–carbon bond can be a main chemical reaction that influences the thermal degradation. Finally, it is discussed how the results may impact the future design of ORC units.
The Strategy for the Development of the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the Czech Republic
Authors: Čada Václav , Janečka Karel
Published: March 2016

Spatial information is often not effectively handled and used, e.g., in public administration. The key reason is that information about what spatial data exists, and where and under which circumstances it can be used, is missing. This leads to a situation whereby data are gathered and maintained multiple times. In October 2014, the Czech government approved the conception of The Strategy for the Development of the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the Czech Republic to 2020 (GeoInfoStrategy), which serves as a basis for the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). Furthermore, in June 2015 the GeoInfoStrategy Action Plan was approved. The vision of the GeoInfoStrategy is that the Czech Republic will use spatial information effectively by 2020. The innovative approach of the GeoInfoStrategy to build the NSDI includes cooperation between all parties—not only public administration, but also the private sector, academia, professional associations and user communities. The principles defined in the GeoInfoStrategy are general and can serve as best practice for other countries building an NSDI that should meet the requirements of all target groups working with spatial information.
Botany in Molecular Era: A Modern Science with Ancient Roots
Authors: Iriti Marcello
Published: March 2016

Botany—the study of plant life—is an ancient science.[...]
In the Best Interests of the Abuser: Coercive Control, Child Custody Proceedings and the “Expert” Assessments That Guide Judicial Determinations
Authors: Jeffries Samantha
Published: March 2016

This paper outlines why domestic violence (or more specifically, coercive control) should be crucial to child custody proceedings. What is known about parenting in the context of coercively controlling violence, and what the legislation directs courts to consider, is juxtaposed with the actuality of court decision making. Current knowledge about the recognition of domestic violence in judicial practice is overviewed, drawing particular attention to the role of the “expert” family assessment in determinations of a child’s “best interests”. A comprehensive synopsis of the existing research on these “expert” reports in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States is provided. It is concluded that, in court proceedings the reality of living with coercively controlling violence and the potential on-going risks it poses to children and non-abusive parents, is typically negated. Instead, “best interests” considerations prioritise the maintenance of perpetrator/child relationships, and thus “abuser’s rights” over victim safety. Judicial officers are not experts in domestic violence and they can only make decisions on the basis of the evidence before them, the assessments made by the “experts” likely play an important role in best interest considerations. Of concern is current research that calls into serious question the expertise of these “experts” when it comes to proceedings involving allegations of coercively controlling violence.
Pseudopterosin A: Protection of Synaptic Function and Potential as a Neuromodulatory Agent
Authors: Caplan Stacee , Zheng Bo , Dawson-Scully Ken , White Catherine , West Lyndon
Published: March 2016

Natural products have provided an invaluable source of inspiration in the drug discovery pipeline. The oceans are a vast source of biological and chemical diversity. Recently, this untapped resource has been gaining attention in the search for novel structures and development of new classes of therapeutic agents. Pseudopterosins are group of marine diterpene glycosides that possess an array of potent biological activities in several therapeutic areas. Few studies have examined pseudopterosin effects during cellular stress and, to our knowledge, no studies have explored their ability to protect synaptic function. The present study probes pseudopterosin A (PsA) for its neuromodulatory properties during oxidative stress using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that oxidative stress rapidly reduces neuronal activity, resulting in the loss of neurotransmission at a well-characterized invertebrate synapse. PsA mitigates this effect and promotes functional tolerance during oxidative stress by prolonging synaptic transmission in a mechanism that differs from scavenging activity. Furthermore, the distribution of PsA within mammalian biological tissues following single intravenous injection was investigated using a validated bioanalytical method. Comparable exposure of PsA in the mouse brain and plasma indicated good distribution of PsA in the brain, suggesting its potential as a novel neuromodulatory agent.
Quercetin-Rich Guava (Psidium guajava) Juice in Combination with Trehalose Reduces Autophagy, Apoptosis and Pyroptosis Formation in the Kidney and Pancreas of Type II Diabetic Rats
Authors: Lin Chia-Fa , Kuo Yen-Ting , Chen Tsung-Ying , Chien Chiang-Ting
Published: March 2016

We explored whether the combination of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory guava (Psidium guajava) and trehalose treatment protects the kidney and pancreas against Type II diabetes (T2DM)-induced injury in rats. We measured the active component of guava juice by HPLC analysis. T2DM was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide and streptozotocin and combination with high fructose diets for 8 weeks. The rats fed with different dosages of guava juice in combination with or without trehalose for 4 weeks were evaluated the parameters including OGTT, plasma insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR (insulin resistance) and HOMA-β (β cell function and insulin secretion). We measured oxidative and inflammatory degrees by immunohistochemistry stain, fluorescent stain, and western blot and serum and kidney reactive oxygen species (ROS) by a chemiluminescence analyzer. High content of quercetin in the guava juice scavenged H2O2 and HOCl, whereas trehalose selectively reduced H2O2, not HOCl. T2DM affected the levels in OGTT, plasma insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β, whereas these T2DM-altered parameters, except HbA1c, were significantly improved by guava and trehalose treatment. The levels of T2DM-enhanced renal ROS, 4-hydroxynonenal, caspase-3/apoptosis, LC3-B/autophagy and IL-1β/pyroptosis were significantly decreased by guava juice and trehalose. The combination with trehalose and guava juice protects the pancreas and kidney against T2DM-induced injury.
Dietary Natural Products for Prevention and Treatment of Liver Cancer
Authors: Zhou Yue , Li Ya , Zhou Tong , Zheng Jie , Li Sha , Li Hua-Bin
Published: March 2016

Liver cancer is the most common malignancy of the digestive system with high death rate. Accumulating evidences suggests that many dietary natural products are potential sources for prevention and treatment of liver cancer, such as grapes, black currant, plum, pomegranate, cruciferous vegetables, French beans, tomatoes, asparagus, garlic, turmeric, ginger, soy, rice bran, and some edible macro-fungi. These dietary natural products and their active components could affect the development and progression of liver cancer in various ways, such as inhibiting tumor cell growth and metastasis, protecting against liver carcinogens, immunomodulating and enhancing effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. This review summarizes the potential prevention and treatment activities of dietary natural products and their major bioactive constituents on liver cancer, and discusses possible mechanisms of action.
Diagnosing and Treating Intolerance to Carbohydrates in Children
Authors: Berni Canani Roberto , Pezzella Vincenza , Amoroso Antonio , Cozzolino Tommaso , Di Scala Carmen , Passariello Annalisa
Published: March 2016

Intolerance to carbohydrates is relatively common in childhood, but still poorly recognized and managed. Over recent years it has come to the forefront because of progresses in our knowledge on the mechanisms and treatment of these conditions. Children with intolerance to carbohydrates often present with unexplained signs and symptoms. Here, we examine the most up-to-date research on these intolerances, discuss controversies relating to the diagnostic approach, including the role of molecular analysis, and provide new insights into modern management in the pediatric age, including the most recent evidence for correct dietary treatment.
Evaluation of the Reanalysis Surface Incident Shortwave Radiation Products from NCEP, ECMWF, GSFC, and JMA Using Satellite and Surface Observations
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , Liang Shunlin , Wang Guoxin , Yao Yunjun , Jiang Bo , Cheng Jie
Published: March 2016

Solar radiation incident at the Earth’s surface (Rs) is an essential component of the total energy exchange between the atmosphere and the surface. Reanalysis data have been widely used, but a comprehensive validation using surface measurements is still highly needed. In this study, we evaluated the Rs estimates from six current representative global reanalyses (NCEP–NCAR, NCEP-DOE; CFSR; ERA-Interim; MERRA; and JRA-55) using surface measurements from different observation networks [GEBA; BSRN; GC-NET; Buoy; and CMA] (674 sites in total) and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) EBAF product from 2001 to 2009. The global mean biases between the reanalysis Rs and surface measurements at all sites ranged from 11.25 W/m2 to 49.80 W/m2. Comparing with the CERES-EBAF Rs product, all the reanalyses overestimate Rs, except for ERA-Interim, with the biases ranging from −2.98 W/m2 to 21.97 W/m2 over the globe. It was also found that the biases of cloud fraction (CF) in the reanalyses caused the overestimation of Rs. After removing the averaged bias of CERES-EBAF, weighted by the area of the latitudinal band, a global annual mean Rs values of 184.6 W/m2, 180.0 W/m2, and 182.9 W/m2 were obtained over land, ocean, and the globe, respectively.
Examining the Influence of Seasonality, Condition, and Species Composition on Mangrove Leaf Pigment Contents and Laboratory Based Spectroscopy Data
Authors: Flores-de-Santiago Francisco , Kovacs John , Wang Jinfei , Flores-Verdugo Francisco , Zhang Chunhua , González-Farías Fernando
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the seasonal relationships (dry vs. rainy) between reflectance (400–1000 nm) and leaf pigment contents (chlorophyll-a (chl-a), chlorophyll-b (chl-b), total carotenoids (tcar), chlorophyll a/b ratio) in three mangrove species (Avicennia germinans (A. germinans), Laguncularia racemosa (L. racemosa), and Rhizophora mangle (R. mangle)) according to their condition (stressed vs. healthy). Based on a sample of 360 leaves taken from a semi-arid forest of the Mexican Pacific, it was determined that during the dry season, the stressed A. germinans and R. mangle show the highest maximum correlations at the green (550 nm) and red-edge (710 nm) wavelengths (r = 0.8 and 0.9, respectively) for both chl-a and chl-b and that much lower values (r = 0.7 and 0.8, respectively) were recorded during the rainy season. Moreover, it was found that the tcar correlation pattern across the electromagnetic spectrum was quite different from that of the chl-a, the chl-b, and chl a/b ratio but that their maximum correlations were also located at the same two wavelength ranges for both seasons. The stressed L. racemosa was the only sample to exhibit minimal correlation with chl-a and chl-b for either season. In addition, the healthy A. germinans and R. mangle depicted similar patterns of chl-a and chl-b, but the tcar varied depending on the species. The healthy L. racemosa recorded higher correlations with chl-b and tcar at the green and red-edge wavelengths during the dry season, and higher correlation with chl-a during the rainy season. Finally, the vegetation index Red Edge Inflection Point Index (REIP) was found to be the optimal index for chl-a estimation for both stressed and healthy classes. For chl-b, both the REIP and the Vogelmann Red Edge Index (Vog1) index were found to be best at prediction. Based on the results of this investigation, it is suggested that caution be taken as mangrove leaf pigment contents from spectroscopy data have been shown to be sensitive to seasonality, species, and condition. The authors suggest potential reasons for the observed variability in the reflectance and pigment contents relationships.
XpertTrack: Precision Autonomous Measuring Device Developed for Real Time Shipments Tracker
Authors: Viman Liviu , Daraban Mihai , Fizesan Raul , Iuonas Mircea
Published: March 2016

This paper proposes a software and hardware solution for real time condition monitoring applications. The proposed device, called XpertTrack, exchanges data through the GPRS protocol over a GSM network and monitories temperature and vibrations of critical merchandise during commercial shipments anywhere on the globe. Another feature of this real time tracker is to provide GPS and GSM positioning with a precision of 10 m or less. In order to interpret the condition of the merchandise, the data acquisition, analysis and visualization are done with 0.1 °C accuracy for the temperature sensor, and 10 levels of shock sensitivity for the acceleration sensor. In addition to this, the architecture allows increasing the number and the types of sensors, so that companies can use this flexible solution to monitor a large percentage of their fleet.
The Potential Growth of Sugarcane in Constructed Wetlands Designed for Tertiary Treatment of Wastewater
Authors: Mateus Dina , Vaz Mafalda , Capela Isabel , Pinho Henrique
Published: March 2016

This research was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using the bioenergy crop Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane) as vegetation and mineral wastes for filling in constructed wetlands (CWs) designed for the removal of nutrients from wastewater. Four horizontal subsurface flow pilot-scale CWs were monitored during one year: two filled with fragmented limestone and two with clay brick fragments, two planted and two unplanted controls. Sugarcane stalk height, diameter and foliar area were evaluated during the plant-cane cycle along with total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies from the wastewater. Sugarcane biomass production was 107 ton/ha for the brick fragments filled CW and 67 ton/ha for the fragmented limestone filled CW. Planted CWs show better nutrient removal efficiencies than the unplanted. Planted CW filled with brick fragments show average efficiencies of 77% ± 4% for TP and 60% ± 12% for TN, and planted CW filled with fragmented limestone 68% ± 3% for TP and 58% ± 7% for TN. Results showed that the use of sugarcane as CW vegetation is a viable alternative to produce a bioethanol raw-material without the use of arable land and irrigation water, while it maintains the wastewater treatment capabilities of CWs.
Aperture number influences pollen survival in Arabidopsis mutants
Authors: Prieu Charlotte , Matamoro‐Vidal Alexis , Raquin Christian , Dobritsa Anna , Mercier Raphaël , Gouyon Pierre‐Henri , Albert Béatrice
Published: March 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Pollen grains are subject to intense dehydration before dispersal. They rehydrate after landing on a stigma or when placed in humid environment by absorbing water from the stigma or surroundings. Resulting fluctuations in water content cause pollen grains to undergo significant changes in volume. Thus, morphological or structural adaptations might exist to help pollen adjust to sudden volume changes, though little is known about the correlation between pollen morphology and its ability to accommodate volume changes. We studied the effect of one morphological feature of pollen grains, the aperture number, on pollen wall resistance to water inflow in Arabidopsis thaliana.

METHODS:

We used three Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that differ in the number of apertures in their pollen (zero, four, or a mix of four to eight, respectively) and the wild type with pollen with three apertures. We tested pollen survival in solutions with various mannitol concentrations.

KEY RESULTS:

The number of intact pollen grains increased with increasing mannitol concentration for all pollen morphs tested. At a given mannitol concentration, however, an increase in aperture number was associated with an increase in pollen breakage.

CONCLUSIONS:

Aperture patterns, i.e., number, shape, and position, influence the capacity to accommodate volume variations in pollen grains. When subjected to water inflow, pollen grains with few apertures survive better than pollen with many apertures. Trade‐offs between survival and germination are likely to be involved in the evolution of pollen morphology.
Hydrogel control of water uptake by pectins during in vitro pollen hydration of Eucalyptus globulus
Authors: Vieira Ana Maria , Feijó José A.
Published: March 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Upon pollination, dehydrated pollen grains take water out of the stigma surface, an event that constitutes the first functional checkpoint of sexual reproduction in higher plants. Little is known about possible functional connections between rehydration speed and further steps of fertilization. Here we addressed the mechanisms of water uptake control by dehydrated pollen grains. Because dehydrated cells have no energy‐driven active mechanism such as membrane‐based osmoregulation for controlling water movement, we tested the hypothesis that another mechanism might exist, namely, the use of hydrogel‐behaving molecules.

METHODS:

We developed an imaging protocol to visualize and quantify the rate of water entry into pollen grains of Eucalyptus globulus and tested the influence of different treatments linked to hydrogel‐behaving molecules. We complemented these analyses by immunostaining pectins in the pollen grain with monoclonal antibodies JIM5 and JIM7.

KEY RESULTS:

Water entry seemed to proceed exclusively through the germination apertures of the pollen grain, and the changes observed in different hydration media are compatible with hydrogel behavior. When JIM5 and JIM7 were used to characterize pectins on the germination apertures during hydration, pectin localization and esterification changed during hydration and were affected by the hydration solutions. These results suggest that chemical modification of the pectins may change their hydrogel behavior, thus modifying the hydration speed.

CONCLUSIONS:

The hydrogel behavior of pectins and pectin localization on apertures strongly suggest that pectins act like “valves” for water entry, enabling a regulated process of water uptake into the dehydrated pollen grain. We propose that this regulation evolved in terms of achieving the correct self‐organization of molecules and cellular components to resume metabolism and pollen tube growth, especially in species that are subject to demanding environmental water stress.
(Thio)urea-mediated synthesis of functionalized six-membered rings with multiple chiral centers
Authors: Koutoulogenis Giorgos , Kaplaneris Nikolaos , Kokotos Christoforos G
Published: March 2016

Organocatalysis, now running its second decade of life, is being considered one of the main tools a synthetic chemist has to perform asymmetric catalysis. In this review the synthesis of six-membered rings, that contain multiple chiral centers, either by a ring closing process or by a functionalization reaction on an already existing six-membered ring, utilizing bifunctional (thio)ureas will be summarized. Initially, the use of primary amine-thioureas as organocatalysts for the above transformation is being discussed, followed by the examples employing secondary amine-thioureas. Finally, the use of tertiary amine-thioureas and miscellaneous examples are presented.
3-cm FINE STRUCTURE MASERS: A UNIQUE SIGNATURE OF SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE FORMATION VIA DIRECT COLLAPSE IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE
Authors: Dijkstra Mark , Sethi Shiv , Loeb Abraham
Published: March 2016

The direct collapse black hole (DCBH) scenario describes the isothermal collapse of a pristine gas cloud directly into a massive,

104–106

black hole. In this paper we show that large H i column densities of primordial gas at

K with low molecular abundance—which represent key aspects of the DCBH scenario—provide optimal conditions for the pumping of the 2p-level of atomic hydrogen by trapped Lyα photons. This Lyα pumping mechanism gives rise to an inverted level population of the

transition, and therefore also gives rise to stimulated fine structure emission at

(rest-frame). We show that simplified models of the DCBH scenario amplify the CMB by up to a factor of

, above which the maser saturates. Hyperfine splitting of the 3 cm transition gives rise to a characteristic broad (FWHM ∼ tens of MHz in the observers frame) asymmetric line profile. This signal subtends an angular scale of ∼1–10 mas, which translates to a flux of ∼0.3–3 μJy, which is detectable with ultra-deep surveys being planned with SKA1-MID. While challenging, as the signal is visible for a fraction of the collapse time of the cloud, the matching required physical conditions imply that a detection of the redshifted 3-cm emission line could provide direct evidence for the DCBH scenario.
LONG DURATION FLARE EMISSION: IMPULSIVE HEATING OR GRADUAL HEATING?
Authors: Qiu Jiong , Longcope Dana W.
Published: March 2016

Flare emissions in X-ray and EUV wavelengths have previously been modeled as the plasma response to impulsive heating from magnetic reconnection. Some flares exhibit gradually evolving X-ray and EUV light curves, which are believed to result from superposition of an extended sequence of impulsive heating events occurring in different adjacent loops or even unresolved threads within each loop. In this paper, we apply this approach to a long duration two-ribbon flare SOL2011-09-13T22 observed by the Atmosphere Imaging Assembly (AIA). We find that to reconcile with observed signatures of flare emission in multiple EUV wavelengths, each thread should be heated in two phases, an intense impulsive heating followed by a gradual, low-rate heating tail that is attenuated over 20–30 minutes. Each AIA resolved single loop may be composed of several such threads. The two-phase heating scenario is supported by modeling with both a zero-dimensional and a 1D hydrodynamic code. We discuss viable physical mechanisms for the two-phase heating in a post-reconnection thread.
ISOTROPIC AT THE BREAK? 3D KINEMATICS OF MILKY WAY HALO STARS IN THE FOREGROUND OF M31
Authors: Cunningham Emily C. , Deason Alis J. , Guhathakurta Puragra , Rockosi Constance M. , van der Marel Roeland P. , Toloba Elisa , Gilbert Karoline M. , Sohn Sangmo Tony , Dorman Claire E.
Published: March 2016

We present the line-of-sight (LOS) velocities for 13 distant main sequence Milky Way halo stars with published proper motions (PMs). The PMs were measured using long baseline (5–7 years) multi-epoch Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys photometry, and the LOS velocities were extracted from deep (5–6 hr integrations) Keck II/DEIMOS spectra. We estimate the parameters of the velocity ellipsoid of the stellar halo using a Markov chain Monte Carlo ensembler sampler method. The velocity second moments in the directions of the Galactic (l, b, LOS) coordinate system are

km s−1,

, and

. We use these ellipsoid parameters to constrain the velocity anisotropy of the stellar halo. Ours is the first measurement of the anisotropy parameter β using 3D kinematics outside of the solar neighborhood. We find

, consistent with isotropy and lower than solar neighborhood β measurements by 2σ (β
SN ∼ 0.5–0.7). We identify two stars in our sample that are likely members of the known TriAnd substructure, and excluding these objects from our sample increases our estimate of the anisotropy to

, which is still lower than solar neighborhood measurements by 1σ. The potential decrease in β with Galactocentric radius is inconsistent with theoretical predictions, though consistent with recent observational studies, and may indicate the presence of large, shell-type structure (or structures) at r ∼ 25 kpc. The methods described in this paper will be applied to a much larger sample of stars with 3D kinematics observed through the ongoing HALO7D program.
AXISYMMETRIC SIMULATIONS OF HOT JUPITER–STELLAR WIND HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTION
Authors: Christie Duncan , Arras Phil , Li Zhi-Yun
Published: March 2016

Gas giant exoplanets orbiting at close distances to the parent star are subjected to large radiation and stellar wind fluxes. In this paper, hydrodynamic simulations of the planetary upper atmosphere and its interaction with the stellar wind are carried out to understand the possible flow regimes and how they affect the Lyα transmission spectrum. Following Tremblin and Chiang, charge exchange reactions are included to explore the role of energetic atoms as compared to thermal particles. In order to understand the role of the tail as compared to the leading edge of the planetary gas, the simulations were carried out under axisymmetry, and photoionization and stellar wind electron impact ionization reactions were included to limit the extent of the neutrals away from the planet. By varying the planetary gas temperature, two regimes are found. At high temperature, a supersonic planetary wind is found, which is turned around by the stellar wind and forms a tail behind the planet. At lower temperatures, the planetary wind is shut off when the stellar wind penetrates inside where the sonic point would have been. In this regime mass is lost by viscous interaction at the boundary between planetary and stellar wind gases. Absorption by cold hydrogen atoms is large near the planetary surface, and decreases away from the planet as expected. The hot hydrogen absorption is in an annulus and typically dominated by the tail, at large impact parameter, rather than by the thin leading edge of the mixing layer near the substellar point.
DISCOVERY OF A MILLISECOND PULSAR IN THE 5.4 DAY BINARY 3FGL J1417.5–4402: OBSERVING THE LATE PHASE OF PULSAR RECYCLING
Authors: Camilo F. , Reynolds J. E. , Ransom S. M. , Halpern J. P. , Bogdanov S. , Kerr M. , Ray P. S. , Cordes J. M. , Sarkissian J. , Barr E. D. , Ferrara E. C.
Published: March 2016

In a search of the unidentified Fermi gamma-ray source 3FGL J1417.5–4402 with the Parkes radio telescope, we discovered PSR J1417–4402, a 2.66 ms pulsar having the same 5.4 day orbital period as the optical and X-ray binary identified by Strader et al. The existence of radio pulsations implies that the neutron star is currently not accreting. Substantial outflows from the companion render the radio pulsar undetectable for more than half of the orbit, and may contribute to the observed Hα emission. Our initial pulsar observations, together with the optically inferred orbit and inclination, imply a mass ratio of 0.171 ± 0.002, a companion mass of

M
☉, and a neutron star mass in the range

M
☉. However, there remains a discrepancy between the distance of 4.4 kpc inferred from the optical properties of the companion and the smaller radio dispersion measure distance of 1.6 kpc. The smaller distance would reduce the inferred Roche-lobe filling factor, increase the inferred inclination angle, and decrease the masses. As a wide binary, PSR J1417–4402 differs from the radio-eclipsing black widow and redback pulsars being discovered in large numbers by Fermi. It is probably a system that began mass transfer onto the neutron star after the companion star left the main sequence. The companion should end its evolution as a He white dwarf in a 6–20 day orbit, i.e., as a typical binary millisecond pulsar companion.
SYSTEMATIC ERRORS IN LOW-LATENCY GRAVITATIONAL WAVE PARAMETER ESTIMATION IMPACT ELECTROMAGNETIC FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Littenberg Tyson B. , Farr Ben , Coughlin Scott , Kalogera Vicky
Published: March 2016

Among the most eagerly anticipated opportunities made possible by Advanced LIGO/Virgo are multimessenger observations of compact mergers. Optical counterparts may be short-lived so rapid characterization of gravitational wave (GW) events is paramount for discovering electromagnetic signatures. One way to meet the demand for rapid GW parameter estimation is to trade off accuracy for speed, using waveform models with simplified treatment of the compact objects’ spin. We report on the systematic errors in GW parameter estimation suffered when using different spin approximations to recover generic signals. Component mass measurements can be biased by

using simple-precession waveforms and in excess of

when non-spinning templates are employed. This suggests that electromagnetic observing campaigns should not take a strict approach to selecting which LIGO/Virgo candidates warrant follow-up observations based on low-latency mass estimates. For sky localization, we find that searched areas are up to a factor of

larger for non-spinning analyses, and are systematically larger for any of the simplified waveforms considered in our analysis. Distance biases for the non-precessing waveforms can be in excess of 100% and are largest when the spin angular momenta are in the orbital plane of the binary. We confirm that spin-aligned waveforms should be used for low-latency parameter estimation at the minimum. Including simple precession, though more computationally costly, mitigates biases except for signals with extreme precession effects. Our results shine a spotlight on the critical need for development of computationally inexpensive precessing waveforms and/or massively parallel algorithms for parameter estimation.
BACKWARD AND FORWARD MONTE CARLO METHOD IN POLARIZED RADIATIVE TRANSFER
Authors: Yong Huang , Guo-Dong Shi , Ke-Yong Zhu
Published: March 2016

In general, the Stocks vector cannot be calculated in reverse in the vector radiative transfer. This paper presents a novel backward and forward Monte Carlo simulation strategy to study the vector radiative transfer in the participated medium. A backward Monte Carlo process is used to calculate the ray trajectory and the endpoint of the ray. The Stocks vector is carried out by a forward Monte Carlo process. A one-dimensional graded index semi-transparent medium was presented as the physical model and the thermal emission consideration of polarization was studied in the medium. The solution process to non-scattering, isotropic scattering, and the anisotropic scattering medium, respectively, is discussed. The influence of the optical thickness and albedo on the Stocks vector are studied. The results show that the U, V-components of the apparent Stocks vector are very small, but the Q-component of the apparent Stocks vector is relatively larger, which cannot be ignored.
Improved Survival in HIV Treatment Programmes in Asia
Authors: Mata Nicole L De La , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Khol Vohith , Ng Oon Tek , Van Nguyen Kinh , Merati Tuti Parwati , Pham Thuy Thanh , Lee Man Po , Durier Nicolas , Law Matthew
Published: March 2016

Background

Antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIV-positive patients has expanded rapidly in Asia over the last 10 years. Our study aimed to describe the time trends and risk factors for overall survival in patients receiving first-line ART in Asia.

Methods

We included HIV-positive adult patients who initiated ART between 2003–2013 ( n=16,546), from seven sites across six Asia–Pacific countries. Patient follow-up was to May 2014. We compared survival for each country and overall by time period of ART initiation using Kaplan–Meier curves. Factors associated with mortality were assessed using Cox regression, stratified by site. We also summarized first-line ART regimens, CD4+ T-cell count at ART initiation, and CD4+ T-cell and HIV viral load testing frequencies.

Results

There were 880 deaths observed over 54,532 person-years of follow-up, a crude rate of 1.61 (95% CI 1.51, 1.72) per 100 person-years. Survival significantly improved in more recent years of ART initiation. The survival probability at 4 years follow-up for those initiating ART in 2003–2005 was 92.1%, 2006–2009 was 94.3% and 2010–2013 was 94.5% ( P≤0.001). Factors associated with higher mortality risk included initiating ART in earlier time periods, older age, male sex, injecting drug use as HIV exposure and lower pre-ART CD4+ T-cell count. Concurrent with improved survival was increased tenofovir use, ART initiation at higher CD4+ T-cell counts and greater monitoring of CD4+ T-cells and HIV viral load.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that HIV-positive patients from Asia have improved survival in more recent years of ART initiation. This is likely a consequence of improvements in treatment, patient management and monitoring over time.
Face à la violence
Authors: Guibal Francis
Published: March 2016

Centrée sur la violence, l’œuvre de René Girard explore le soubassement anthropologique du message chrétien. Face au déchaînement des violences apocalyptiques, sa pensée audacieuse nous invite à conjuguer amour et justice.
Les raisons de la colère
Authors: Fœssel Michaël
Published: March 2016

Les colères sont des garanties affectives contre la soumission apathique à l’ordre établi. Mais comment distinguer entre les colères saines et les exaspérations réactives ? Le critère ne réside pas dans leur objet, mais dans leur capacité à expliciter leurs raisons et à aspirer à une politique de l’amitié.
Le parti des mécontents
Authors: Lecœur Erwan
Published: March 2016

Le Front national est le parti de tous les mécontents du système. Ce n’est pas tant qu’il absorbe les colères existantes : il en est plutôt l’artisan. Le lepénisme est en effet une machine efficace pour exacerber les conflits et entretenir les haines.
La politique comme art de mener le changement
Authors: Rivaton Robin
Published: March 2016

La politique, c’est l’art de mener le changement à l’échelle de la plus vaste des organisations humaines, la Nation. Une grande partie des Français ressent le besoin d’un changement d’ampleur à l’échelle du pays et de l’État, à la lumière de ce qu’ils acceptent dans leur vie quotidienne et ce qu’ils voient de l’étranger. L’absence de changement alors que nous le sentons impérieux provoque une tension telle que la purge parait salutaire. Les hommes politiques nous disent que la réforme est là partout, tout le temps. Pourtant, elle n’a jamais semblé produire aussi peu d’effets. La cause principale est à rechercher dans l’absence de méthode qui explique comment utiliser la boîte à outils de la transformation : diagnostic, ambition, stratégie et plan d’exécution.
Le chef et le diplomate
Authors: Choukroun Lionel
Published: March 2016

La gastronomie s’est installée définitivement comme un outil incontournable d’influence diplomatique, dans un monde globalisé. À la fois respectée et chahutée par l’uniformisation de l’offre, l’émergence de nouvelles tendances culinaires ou la concurrence de pays aux identités gastronomiques fortes, la France met en œuvre des stratégies visant à maintenir au meilleur niveau l’une de ses meilleurs armes en terme d’image, d’attractivité touristique et de développement économique.
Проблема сопряженности слов в древесном произведении свободных групп с циклическим объединением
Authors: Bezverkhnii Vladimir Nikolaevich , Logacheva Elena Sergeevna
Published: March 2016

Положительно решена проблема сопряженности слов в древесном произведении свободных групп с циклическим объединением. Представленный результат является обобщением известного результата С. Липшуца для свободного произведения двух свободных групп с циклическим объединением. При решении основной проблемы доказывается разрешимость проблемы пересечения конечно порожденной подгруппы данного класса групп с циклической подгруппой, принадлежащей сомножителю основной группы; разрешимость проблемы пересечения смежного класса конечно порожденной подгруппы с циклической подгруппой, принадлежащей сомножителю. Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (№15-41-03222 р_центр_а).
Приложение произведения Адамара к некоторым комбинаторным и вероятностным задачам
Authors: Potekhina Elena Alexandrovna
Published: March 2016

Представлено усовершенствование алгебраического метода вычисления произведения Адамара рациональных функций и некоторые приложения произведения Адамара к комбинаторным и вероятностным задачам.
Об асимптотике ветвящихся процессов с иммиграцией
Authors: Khusanbaev Yakubdzhan Mukhamadzhanovich
Published: March 2016

Рассмотрена последовательность почти критических ветвящихся процессов с иммиграцией в случае, когда иммиграция образует стационарный процесс в широком смысле. Изучены скорость роста и асимптотика флуктуации таких процессов.
Psychopathology and Personality Characteristics in Pathological Gamblers: Identifying Subgroups of Gamblers
Authors: Myrseth Helga , Pallesen Ståle , Molde Helge , Havik Odd E. , Notelaers Guy
Published: March 2016

We examined psychopathology and personality characteristics among 62 pathological gamblers (49 men and 13 women; mean age 37.8 years), measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). The mean MMPI-2 profile of the present sample of gamblers was characterized by elevated scores on depression and psychasthenia (anxiety/tension). Latent class analysis revealed 3 separate latent clusters: one with MMPI-2 profiles within the normal range, one with a moderately elevated profile, and one with elevations on most of the clinical scales. We conclude that pathological gamblers are a heterogeneous group with different degrees of pathology and personality configurations; thus, one cannot talk about a general "gambler personality" as such. Interventions for pathological gamblers should therefore take into consideration the pattern and the level of psychopathology of the patients.
Special Features of the Popularization of Bodhidharma
Authors: MECSI Beatrix
Published: March 2016

According to tradition the founder of Chan or meditational Buddhism, Bodhidharma, originated from India, yet his legend and first representations are more typically associated with China and his legendary figure is frequently seen in the visual art and popular culture of the East Asian countries. In my paper I focus on the visual representations of Bodhidharma as they became popular in Korea and Japan, attempting to show the basic differences in the popularization of the visual images of Bodhidharma in these countries, focusing mainly on the visual appearance and iconography. The power of the image is seen in the commercialization of representations of Bodhidharma, particularly in Japan, where this practice occurred much earlier than in Korea and developed different traditions compared to those in China, where the legend came from.
The Concept of Self in Buddhism and Brahmanism: Some Remarks
Authors: ULE Andrej
Published: March 2016

I contrast briefly the Buddhist concept of Self as a process and a conditional reality with the concept of the substantial metaphysical concept of Self in Brahmanism and Hinduism. I present the criticism of the Buddhist thinkers, such as Nāgārjuna, who criticize any idea of the metaphysical Self. They deny the idea of the Self as its own being or as a possessor of its mental acts. However, they do not reject all sense of Self; they allow a pure process of knowledge (first of all, Self-knowledge) without a fixed subject or “owner” of knowledge. This idea is in a deep accord with some Chan stories and paradoxes of the Self and knowledge.
Treatment Modalities of Odontogenic Keratocyst of Maxilla and Mandible: Our Experience
Authors: Lone Parveen Akhter , Singh Mohan , Johar Harpreet Singh
Published: March 2016

Background

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is known for its most aggressive behavior, high recurrence rate and is most common odontogenic cyst of the jaws. After completion of odontogenesis, some remnants of dental epithelium remain in oral cavity and variety of cysts and tumor can develop from this odontogenic epithelium the most common being odontogenic keratocyst. The most common site of occurrence of OKC reported is mandibular body and ramus region.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to report the other frequent site of occurrence, different size of OKC in mandible and maxilla and different treatment modalities depending on size, age, and extent of the lesion.

Materials and methods

Ten patients were selected among the patients referred to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery with cystic lesions on mandible and maxilla. After making diagnosis treatment planning was done depending upon the age, radiographic appearance and size of the lesion.

Results

Odontogenic keratocyst was found more in males than females, was found more in mandible than maxilla. Majority of the cases were in mandible angle ramus region followed by anterior maxilla. Seventy-six percent cases were multilocular radiolucencies, whereas 24% unilocular. Multilocular radiolucencies were treated by wide surgical excision, hemimandibulectomy, whereas unilocular radiolucencies were treated by enucleation.

Conclusion

It is concluded that treatment of OKC depends upon age, radiographic and clinical extent of lesion, unilocular or multilocular appearance, presence of daughter cysts, recurrence rate.

How to cite this article

Lone PA, Singh M, Johar HS. Treatment Modalities of Odontogenic Keratocyst of Maxilla and Mandible: Our Experience. World J Dent 2015;6(4):208-212.
Awareness among Young Parents about Preventive Aspects of Early Childhood Caries in Abha City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Togoo Rafi Ahmad , Bijle Mohammed Nadeem Ahmed , Al-Shahrani Ibrahim , Al-Absi Wejdan Saad , Al-Shahrani Fatima Saeed , Al-Shahrani Amal Saeed Shiban
Published: March 2016

Background

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a common disease affecting very young children in today's era. The prevention of ECC depends upon the vital information parents are available with during the upbringing of the child.

Aim

This survey was undertaken to evaluate the awareness among parents about preventive aspects of ECC in Abha City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methodology

A questionnaire study was conducted among young parents about preventive aspects of ECC in Abha City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics was used to observe the awareness.

Results

A total of 157 parents participated in the study of which 126 were mothers and 31 fathers. The mean age of the parents participating in the study was 34 years, and 55% of the participants had education till the university level. About half (53%) of the parents were unaware that the child should be taken for the first dental visit by 1 year of age. Around 60% of the participants had taken their children to the dentist only when the dental problem was in persistence and 48% of the participants allowed their child to sleep with milk bottle or juice in their mouth.

Conclusion

Hence, it can be concluded that the parents in Abha, KSA, are moderately aware of dental needs of their young children.

How to cite this article

Togoo RA, Al-Shahrani I, Al-Absi WS, Al-Shahrani FS, Al-Shahrani ASS, Bijle MNA. Awareness among Young Parents about Preventive Aspects of Early Childhood Caries in Abha City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. World J Dent 2016;7(1):10-13.
Tooth Derived Bone Graft Material
Authors: Pentapati Kalyana Chakravarthy , Smriti Komal , Bhattacharjya Chayanika , Gadicherla Srikanth , Kamath Abhay Taranath
Published: March 2016

Alveolar bone deficiency is a major postoperative complication in the treatment of traumatic injuries, periodontal diseases and likewise. Hence, alveolar bone repair remains a major hurdle in tissue engineering. Autogenous bone can be wellthought- of as benchmark for bone grafting sans its limitations and complications. In order to overcome these limitations, there is an increased demand of bone graft materials that led to numerous studies on different techniques and materials for bone regeneration over the years. Dentin and bone having same biochemical similarities led to the idea of using it as a bone regenerative material. Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM), an organic material obtained from dentin has been shown to possess osteogenic capacity. Demineralized dentin matrix may prosper in future endodontic world as an apexification material and as a permanent root canal filling material as well. Quick in bone forming as compared to conventional bone graft, this material is a boon to the dental world in this era. This manuscript reviews various studies on different types of DDM as a bone grafting material, and also summarizes the suggested pathway of bone regeneration.

How to cite this article

Bhattacharjya C, Gadicherla S, Kamath AT, Smriti K, Pentapati KC. Tooth Derived Bone Graft Material. World J Dent 2016;7(1):32-35.
A comparative analysis of UV nadir-backscatter and infrared limb-emission ozone data assimilation
Authors: Dragani Rossana
Published: March 2016

Abstract. This paper presents a comparative assessment of ultra violet nadir-backscatter and infrared limb-emission ozone profile assimilation. The Meteorological Operational Satellite A (MetOp-A) Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 (GOME-2) nadir and the ENVISAT Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) limb profiles, generated as part of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative, were individually added to a reference set of ozone observations and assimilated in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data assimilation system (DAS). The two sets of resulting analyses were compared with that from a control experiment, only constrained by the reference dataset, and independent, unassimilated observations. Comparisons with independent observations show that both datasets improve the stratospheric ozone distribution. The changes inferred by the limb-based observations are more localized and, in places, more important than those implied by the nadir profiles, albeit they have a much lower number of observations. A small degradation (up to 0.25 mg/kg for GOME-2 and 0.5 mg/kg for MIPAS) is found in the tropics between 20 and 30 hPa. In the lowermost troposphere below its vertical coverage, the limb data is found able to modify the ozone distribution with changes as large as 60 %. Comparisons of the ozone analyses with sonde data show that at those levels the assimilation of GOME-2 leads to about 1 Dobson Unit (DU) smaller root mean square error (RMSE) than that of MIPAS. However, the assimilation of MIPAS can still improve the quality of the ozone analyses, and – with a reduction in the RMSE up to about 2 DU – outperform the control experiment thanks to its synergistic assimilation with total column ozone data within the DAS. High vertical resolution ozone profile observations are essential to accurately monitor and forecast ozone concentrations in a DAS. This study demonstrates the potential and limitations of each dataset and instrument type, as well as the need for a balanced future availability of nadir and limb sensors, and long-term plans for limb-viewing instruments.