bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanotherapeutic approaches to overcome distinct drug resistance barriers in models of breast cancer
Authors: Saha Tanmoy , Mondal Jayanta , Khiste Sachin , Lusic Hrvoje , Hu Zhang-Wei , Jayabalan Ruparoshni , Hodgetts Kevin J. , Jang HaeLin , Sengupta Shiladitya , Lee Somin Eunice , Park Younggeun , Lee Luke P. , Goldman Aaron
Published: June 2021

Targeted delivery of drugs to tumor cells, which circumvent resistance mechanisms and induce cell killing, is a lingering challenge that requires innovative solutions. Here, we provide two bioengineered strategies in which nanotechnology is blended with cancer medicine to preferentially target distinct mechanisms of drug resistance. In the first ‘case study’, we demonstrate the use of lipid–drug conjugates that target molecular signaling pathways, which result from taxane-induced drug tolerance via cell surface lipid raft accumulations. Through a small molecule drug screen, we identify a kinase inhibitor that optimally destroys drug tolerant cancer cells and conjugate it to a rationally-chosen lipid scaffold, which enhances anticancer efficacyin vitroandin vivo. In the second ‘case study’, we address resistance mechanisms that can occur through exocytosis of nanomedicines. Using adenocarcinoma HeLa and MCF-7 cells, we describe the use of gold nanorod and nanoporous vehicles integrated with an optical antenna for on-demand, photoactivation at ∼650 nm enabling release of payloads into cells including cytotoxic anthracyclines. Together, these provide two approaches, which exploit engineering strategies capable of circumventing distinct resistance barriers and induce killing by multimodal, including nanophotonic mechanisms.
Mesoscopic electrodynamics at metal surfaces
Authors: Mortensen N. Asger
Published: June 2021

Plasmonic phenomena in metals are commonly explored within the framework of classical electrodynamics and semiclassical models for the interactions of light with free-electron matter. The more detailed understanding of mesoscopic electrodynamics at metal surfaces is, however, becoming increasingly important for both fundamental developments in quantum plasmonics and potential applications in emerging light-based quantum technologies. The review offers a colloquial introduction to recent mesoscopic formalism, ranging from quantum-corrected hydrodynamics to microscopic surface-response formalism, offering also perspectives on possible future avenues.
Vibration characteristics and stable region of a parabolic FGM thin-walled beam with axial and spinning motion
Authors: Lin Baichuan , Chen Bo , Li Yinghui , Yang Jie
Published: June 2021

This paper focuses on the vibration characteristics of the parabolic functionally graded material (FGM) beam considering the axially moving and spinning motion. Based on the Hamilton’s principle, the governing equation of the beam is derived. Then, the Galerkin’s method is employed to solve the equation. The combined influence of axial speed, spinning speed, and geometric parameters on natural frequencies of the beam are investigated. What’s more, the axially moving and spinning motion can lead to a critical axial speed and critical spinning angular speed, respectively. These two critical speeds and stable region affected by different parameters are also discussed.
II. Studien zu frühen römischen Amts- und Bischofslisten, besonders zu den Bischöfen (‚Päpsten‘) Clemens und Silvester und ihrer mittelalterlichen Rezeption
Authors: Anton Hans Hubert
Published: June 2021

Early lists of Roman ecclesiastical leaders and their changing perception in the Middle Ages. These early lists of Roman ecclesiastical leaders are the subjects of thorough historical and philological research. Characteristical new perspectives and results concern the theological-ideological system and its influence on the jurisdictional theory and practice. As to the recording in the Middle Ages, the prominent and changing role of the bishops Clement and Sylvester in various areas is demonstrated.
IV. Innocent III: A Lawyer-Pope and His Consensual “Policy” of Marriage? A Reconsideration
Authors: Rousseau Constance M.
Published: June 2021

This article intervenes in the previous scholarly conversations of Kenneth Pennington, Charles Donahue, Jr., and Anne J. Duggan and suggests through the reassessment of the surviving evidence, a revisionist interpretation. It argues that Pope Innocent III (1198–1216) was not only a pope with legal expertise reflected in the remarkable consistency of his numerous decisions concerning cases of marriage formation that came to his attention in an ad hoc manner, but also, that he was, and he believed himself to be a legislating pope through his plenitude of power. He, rather than Alexander III (1159–1181), was responsible for creating and implementing the consensual “policy”, in the strictest definition of the term, for the formation of Christian marriage. Through a careful investigation of the pertinent papal letters of Innocent III found primarily in his registers, this article reconfirms and demonstrates Stephan Kuttner’s impression of the consistency of the letters as internal proof of the pope’s legal skill that he suggested long ago in 1974.
Kompetenzbedarfe für den Vertrieb Smarter Services
Authors: Ottersböck Nicole , Jeske Tim
Published: June 2021

Die Digitalisierung und damit die Vernetzung von Maschinen und Daten in Echtzeit ermöglichen Unternehmen, mit sogenannten Smarten Services zusätzliche Wertschöpfung zu erzielen. Im Zuge der Hybridisierung ergeben sich vielfach Veränderungen in den Unternehmen. Die Veränderung von Arbeitsaufgaben bedingt, dass neue Kompetenzbedarfe entstehen. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die wesentlichen Veränderungen und Kompetenzbedarfe im Vertriebsbereich von Anwenderunternehmen aus einem praxisnahen Forschungsprojekt.
Rationalität in der Fabrikplanung
Authors: Leipoldt Christoph , Bauernhansl Thomas
Published: June 2021

Den Akteuren der Fabrikplanung wird bei der Beschreibung des Planungsprozesses nur selten Beachtung gewidmet. Obwohl die Planungsakteure und ihr Verhalten einen großen Einfluss auf das Planungsergebnis haben, werden sie in der Regel als rein rational Ausführende von Aufgaben im Planungsprozess angesehen. Dieser Beitrag begründet, warum der Mensch bei der Gestaltung eines Fabrikplanungsvorgehens genauer betrachtet werden muss, um bessere Planungsergebnisse zu erzielen. Dazu werden kognitionspsychologische Erkenntnisse über menschliches Verhalten skizziert und mögliche Auswirkung auf die Planungsergebnisse aufgezeigt. Anhand der dominanten Forschungsparadigmen der Verhaltensökonomie werden zwei relevante Forschungsfelder für die Fabrikplanung abgeleitet und ihre Bedeutung für die industrielle Praxis aufgezeigt.
Augmented Intelligence – Mensch trifft Künstliche Intelligenz
Authors: Hellebrandt Thomas , Huebser Louis , Adam Tobias , Heine Ina , Schmitt Robert H.
Published: June 2021

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) gilt in vielen Bereichen als bahnbrechend, da die kognitive Leistung des Menschen reproduziert oder sogar übertroffen werden kann. Zunehmend findet KI nun auch Anwendung in der industriellen Produktion. Bisherige Applikationen haben jedoch gezeigt, dass ein vollständig automatisierter Einsatz von KI für die Entscheidungsfindung nicht ausreichend ist. Stattdessen geht der Ansatz der Augmented Intelligence davon aus, dass sich menschliche und maschinelle Intelligenz positiv ergänzen, um effizienter und zuverlässiger Entscheidungen zu treffen und daraus Handlungen abzuleiten. In diesem Beitrag werden sowohl das Konzept hinter Augmented Intelligence vorgestellt als auch vielversprechende Anwendungsfälle in der industriellen Produktion exemplarisch aufgezeigt. Ebenso werden die organisationalen bzw. betrieblichen Rahmenbedingungen diskutiert und Empfehlungen für eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung gegeben.
High-Intensity Functional Training for Firefighters
Authors: Sempf Felix , Thienes Gerd
Published: June 2021

Firefighters must complete a wide variety of tasks and face situations that are strenuous and physically demanding. Aerobic fitness, anaerobic capacity, muscular strength, and power are relevant for job performance, safety, and health. High-intensity functional training (HIFT) not only has the potential to improve both aerobic and anaerobic capacity but also strength and performance of common firefighter tasks. Here, we present a firefighter HIFT protocol which consists of exercises that mimic realistic tasks and demands.
Recycling of Waste Tea Leaves via Vermicomposting Process and the Effect on Water Spinach Growth
Authors: Zaini Mohd Saufi Md , Syafi Wan Adri
Published: June 2021

Vermicomposting is a bio-composting process in which earthworms are used to enhance the conversion of organic waste to produce better end-product. This study was conducted to investigate the vermicomposting process via earthworm (Eisenia feotida) using waste tea leaves as feedstock and bedding material. The matured vermicompost was obtained after 10 weeks of vermicomposting process. The earthworm population and mass of bedding were monitored weekly. The condition of bedding material was analysed daily. During the vermicomposting process, the temperature increased within mesophilic phase between 23 °C and 28 °C. The pH of vermicompost ranged between 6.5 and 7.7. The matured vermicompost and commercial soil were compared for the plant growth trial for 3 weeks of the study. The results showed that the combination of matured waste tea leaves vermicompost and commercial soil generated the highest growth compared to the commercialised soil alone. This indicated that vermicompost contained rich nutrients that assisted the plant growth effectively.
Essential and Heavy Metals Content in Wild and Cultivated Mentha Species from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Mandal Šaćira
Published: June 2021

Both essential and heavy metals play important roles in human health and diseases. The aim of the present study was to determinate concentrations of essential and heavy metals, such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe, Pb, Zn, and Cd, in the leaves of Mentha longifolia L. and Mentha × piperita L. The plant material samples were collected from six different locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), at selected distances from heavy metal pollution sources. Wet digestion was applied for the dissolution of samples and essential and heavy metals concentrations were analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and (FAAS). Results of the analysis (expressed as mg g–1) were obtained as follows: Na 2.08–4.12; K 14.85–22.54; Ca 9.06–15.53; Mg 1.93–3.12; Cu 0.01–0.05; Cr 0.70–0.90; Mn 0.02–0.09; Ni 1.10–7.00; Fe 0.06–1.11; Pb 0.10–0.90; Zn 0.01–0.04. The cadmium concentration in all samples was below the detection limit by FAAS. Strong correlation between Ni and Pb, as well as Ni and Fe, confirmed mostly environmental and processing influence/impact. In conclusion, Mentha longifolia L. and Mentha × piperita L. can be used in daily consumption considering the high content of essential metals Fe, Cu, Mg, and Zn, and their beneficial effects on normal body function. In addition, there is no risk of heavy metals to human health after consuming these samples due to lower concentrations.
Severe Bronchospasm During Aortic Surgery for Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Lin Zairong , Huang Kun-an , Chen Dongdong , Li Qianzhen
Published: June 2021

Severe bronchospasm during cardiopulmonary bypass is an unusual but potentially fatal event. No literature previously has reported such an event observed during surgery for type A aortic dissection. Herein, we report on a case of severe bronchospasm following cardiopulmonary bypass, during aortic surgery for type A aortic dissection. Bronchospasm did not respond to any conventional therapy, necessitating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation thus serves as an alternative and effective therapy for refractory bronchospasm.
Removal of Unusual Foreign Metal Object (Nail) from the Right Ventricle of Human Heart: A Case Report
Authors: Zuo Mingliang , Chen Qiuyi , Xiang Bo , Yu Tao , Yin Lixue
Published: June 2021

Migration of foreign bodies (FB) with the blood flow to the heart is a rare, but very alarming condition as it may lead to life-threatening complications and death. Objects that are larger than 5 mm in diameter and/or irregular in shape are recommended for removal from extra- and intracardiac areas to prevent incurable embolization. Surgical extraction of intracardiac objects is a serious surgical challenge associated with difficulties to operate, during the continuous movement of the heart, and identify the exact FB location. Early diagnosis and timely removal of FBs are crucial treatment factors for this rare case resolution. We report a case of accidental migration of a metal FB object (nail) about 1.0*0.3 cm from the right neck area jugular vein to the right ventricle apex in the heart. The FB localization was accurately detected using Bi-plane transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with a special comet-tail artifact. TEE provided valuable information before surgery, and the nail was successfully removed through open-heart surgical procedures and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Postoperative tests indicated no complications.
First-Class Digital Projects Deserve a Triple "E" Rating
Authors: Mayer Jörg H. , Eßwein Markus , Ulusoy Berkay
Published: June 2021

Die Digitalisierung durchdringt das ganze Unternehmen. Es braucht daher neue Modelle zur Erfolgsmessung von Infor­mationssystemen (IS), die über die bekannten Ansätze aus den 80/90er Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts hinausgehen. Wie aber definiert man solche Modelle? Mit einem Robotic Process Automation (RPA) Projekt als Referenz, ist unser neues Triple „E“ Rating auf die Erfolgsmessung digitaler Technologien ausgerichtet und bringt dazu Effizienz-, Effektivitäts- und Erfahrungskriterien in einem Modell zusammen.
Caída y exilio como motivos en El sueño del ángel, de Gloria Elena Espinoza
Authors: Ramírez Caro Jorge
Published: June 2021

Se muestra que la novela El sueño del ángel, de la nicaragüense Gloria Elena Espinoza, se articula narrativamente alrededor de una serie de caídas, que afectan a los personajes. Son caídas que abarcan varios niveles: el natural, el antropológico, el axiológico y el divino; además, es una caída planteada desde una perspectiva milenarista y apocalíptica, que manifiesta una visión del mundo terrenal como corrupto y en decadencia. Se señala la condición del ángel caído (o exiliado) como una metáfora de la condición humana, asociada al desarraigo y a la derrota.It is shown how the Nicaraguan novel El sueño del ángel [The angel's dream] by Gloria Elena Espinoza is narrated around a series of falls affecting the characters. These falls span several levels: natural, anthropological, axiological and divine. The falls are also seen from a millenary and apocalyptical perspective, which sets forth a view of life on earth as corrupt and decadent. The condition of the fallen (or exiled) angel is explored as a metaphor for the human condition, related to alienation and defeat.
Breve antología de poemas en prosa costarricenses (1893-2008)
Authors: Varios Autores
Published: June 2021

Se ofrece en esta sección de documentos una breve recopilación de poemas en prosa, cultivados en las letras costarricenses desde finales del siglo XIX. Algunos fueron escritos por autores que ya forman parte de un consolidado canon literario nacional, como son los casos de Aquileo J. Echeverría, Luis Dobles Segreda, Carmen Lyra o Julián Marchena. Otros pertenecen a una etapa más moderna de la literatura costarricense; tales son los escritos por Max Jiménez, José Marín Cañas o Yolanda Oreamuno. Pero esta selección también recupera nombres y páginas de muchos que han quedado, inexplicablemente, un poco al lado o en el olvido: Agustín Luján, Berta María Talart, María Teresa Obregón o Clara Diana.Esta muestra es un complemento al estudio sobre el poema en prosa, que aparece en este número.LA EDITORA
A Brief View of the ESP Approach
Authors: Barrantes Montero Luis Guillermo
Published: June 2021

El artículo trata sobre el enfoque de inglés para fines específicos. Está dirigido a profesores de inglés general, aunque intenta también que la comunidad universitaria reconozca la importancia de evaluar la inversión de recursos en la enseñanza del inglés en función de sus resultados concretados. Se ofrece una descripción de las condiciones que se requieren para diseñar y efectuar estos cursos, acompañada de comentarios surgidos a partir de la experiencia del autor.This article provides information about the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Approach. Although it is intended for teachers of General English, it also aims for the university community as a whole to evaluate how resources are currently invested in English teaching, with regard to the results obtained. A description of the conditions required to design and implement those courses is presented, along with the author's comments based on his own experience.
Optimized green extraction conditions of matcha green tea (Camellia sinensis) using central composite design for maximal polyphenol and antioxidant contents
Authors: Sayuti Nor Hafiza , Kamarudin Ammar Akram , Saad Norazalina , Ab. Razak Nor Asma , Mohd Esa Norhaizan
Published: June 2021

Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of phenolic and antioxidant compounds from matcha green tea (Camellia sinensis) using central composite design (CCD). The desirability function was used to find the optimum extraction conditions. The highest polyphenol and antioxidant content yield were reached at a temperature of 80 °C, an extraction time of 20 min, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 100 mL/g, and a desirability value of 0.948. The experimental values for total phenolics under the optimum extraction conditions were 317.62 ± 3.45 mg GAE/g and 29.21 ± 0.38 mg RE/g for the total flavonoids. The antioxidant activity (AA) was evaluated using 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), which showed radical scavenging activities at 88.28 ± 0.14% and 90.02 ± 0.14%, respectively. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis at the optimum condition revealed 14 compounds. Among the analyzed compounds, matcha green tea extract (MGTE) had the highest content of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with 95.48 mg/g, followed by epicatechin gallate (ECG) at 74.48 mg/g, and catechin at 28.94 mg/g. The results suggested that the optimized parameters of heat-assisted extraction provide an ideal green extraction method for the extraction of the high polyphenol and antioxidant content in matcha green tea.
Improving recycling of polyethylene-coated paperboard with a nanofibrillated cellulose layer
Authors: Al-Gharrawi Mohammed Z. , Wang Jinwu , Bousfield Douglas W.
Published: June 2021

To improve the ability to recycle polyethylene (PE)-coated paperboard, one solution may be to use nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) to generate a layer that should weaken when wet that leads to a clean separation between the polymer film and the pulp fibers. This NFC layer has the potential to improve the package’s oxygen and grease barrier properties, but this system has not been explored in the literature. In this study, papers coated with zero, 2, and 4 g/m2 of NFC were laminated with a PE film under a range of pressing temperatures and times at a constant pressing pressure. A model was developed to predict fiber recovery given the air permeability of the paper, pressing time, polymer temperature, and paper void volume. The recyclability or fiber recovery was evaluated in addition to the adhesive strength. Samples with the NFC layer had much improved fiber recovery because the NFC layer gives a good separation during the recycling operation. The model predictions were compared to the experiments.
Digital marketing during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of its adoption by furniture manufacturers in Malaysia
Authors: Ratnasingam Jegatheswaran , Jegathesan Natkuncaran , Ab Latib Hazirah , Ioras Florin , Mariapan Manohar , Liat Lim Choon
Published: June 2021

Contemporary furniture marketing platforms that are based on furniture exhibitions, retail malls, and galleries were severely disrupted by the global COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the extent to which digital marketing tools were adopted by furniture manufacturers in Malaysia. The effectiveness of digital marketing tools was assessed as an alternative furniture marketing medium by means of a questionnaire distributed to various furniture suppliers. The results of the questionnaire indicated that the onset on the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of digital marketing among furniture manufacturers of all sizes. Larger manufacturers had the financial means to make greater investments into digital marketing to utilize it compared to the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Digital marketing by website, email, and social media were the most common mediums used by furniture manufacturers. As for social media applications, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram were the common platforms used by furniture manufacturers. Although some furniture manufacturers were familiar with digital marketing, many were not using it effectively due to a lack of skilled workers with the ability to manage such digital marketing tools. Limited financial capital, especially among the SMEs, also made it difficult to enable the adoption of digital marketing.
Three-component cyclization as an approach to a combinatorial library of 2H-spiro-[chromeno[2,3-c]pyrrole-1,3'-indoline]-2',3,9-triones
Authors: Vydzhak Roman , Kachaeva Maryna , Pilyo Stepan , Moskvina Viktoriia , Shablykina Olga , Kozytskiy Andriy , Brovarets Volodymyr
Published: June 2021

A versatile and efficient three-component cyclization of methyl 4-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoates 1, N-substituted isatins 2, and primary amines 3 was explored to synthesize of 2H-spiro[chromeno[2,3-c]pyrrole-1,3'-indoline]-2',3,9-triones. We obtained a library of 122 derivatives with an indolin-2-one motif as an important structural fragment in natural alkaloids. This method is practical and useful strategy for constructing dihydrochromeno[2,3-c]pyrrole-3,9-diones. Most of the obtained products also have functional groups for easy and further diversification by classical reactions.
Сationic carboxamide derivatives of tricyclic heteroaromatic compounds: synthesis and preliminary evaluation of antiproliferative activity
Authors: Kostina Valentina , Alexeeva Inna , Lysenko Nadia , Negrutska Valentina , Dubey Igor
Published: June 2021

This research was aimed at the synthesis and study of biological activity of the carboxamides of tricyclic heteroaromatic systems, acridone, phenazine and thioxanthone, containing the aliphatic and aromatic cationic substituents at amide fragment. These heterocyclic cores are DNA intercalating agents, whereas the introduction of cationic groups provides additional ionic interactions of the ligands with their biological targets, such as DNA and enzymatic complexes of the system of nucleic acids biosynthesis. A convenient way of the introduction of such groups is a modification of heterocyclic carboxamides. A small library of new cationic amide derivatives of acridone-4-, phenazine-1- and thioxanthone-4-carboxylic acids was obtained. They were synthesized in 37-81% yield by mild and selective quaternization of the nitrogen atoms at N,N-dimethylaminoalkyl (alkyl = ethyl, propyl) and pyridylmethyl fragments of the neutral N-functionalized carboxamides with methyl iodide. Tricyclic heteroaromatic cores were not affected. Convenient protocol for the synthesis of thioxanthone-4-carboxylic acid (TCA) based on the reaction of 2-mercaptobenzoic and 2-iodobenzoic acids followed by cyclization of the intermediate was developed (yield 79%). A series of new N-functionalized neutral amides of TCA, the precursors of corresponding cationic carboxamide, were also obtained via the reaction of acyl chloride with amines. Preliminary in vitro testing of four compounds as potential antitumor agents in U87MG tumor cell culture (human malignant glioma) demonstrated their significant antiproliferative activity at low micromolar concentrations, with growth inhibition values GI50 in the range 1.7-11 µM. These results suggest that cationic carboxamides of tricyclic heteroaromatic systems are promising scaffolds for the design of new antitumor drugs.
Risk Factors and Outcomes After a Brief Resolved Unexplained Event: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Tieder Joel S. , Sullivan Erin , Stephans Allayne , Hall Matt , DeLaroche Amy M. , Wilkins Victoria , Neuman Mark I. , Mittal Manoj K. , Kane Emily , Jain Shobhit , Shastri Nirav , Katsogridakis Yiannis , Vachani Joyee G. , Hochreiter Daniela , Kim Edward , Nicholson Jessica , Bochner Risa , Murphy Kathleen
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

The accuracy of the risk criteria for brief resolved unexplained events (BRUEs) from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is unknown. We sought to evaluate if AAP risk criteria and event characteristics predict BRUE outcomes.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort included infants <1 year of age evaluated in the emergency departments (EDs) of 15 pediatric and community hospitals for a BRUE between October 1, 2015, and September 30, 2018. A multivariable regression model was used to evaluate the association of AAP risk factors and event characteristics with risk for event recurrence, revisits, and serious diagnoses explaining the BRUE.

RESULTS

Of 2036 patients presenting with a BRUE, 87% had at least 1 AAP higher-risk factor. Revisits occurred in 6.9% of ED and 10.7% of hospital discharges. A serious diagnosis was made in 4.0% (82) of cases; 45% (37) of these diagnoses were identified after the index visit. The most common serious diagnoses included seizures (1.1% [23]) and airway abnormalities (0.64% [13]). Risk is increased for a serious underlying diagnosis for patients discharged from the ED with a history of a similar event, an event duration >1 minute, an abnormal medical history, and an altered responsiveness (P < .05). AAP risk criteria for all outcomes had a negative predictive value of 90% and a positive predictive value of 23%.

CONCLUSIONS

AAP BRUE risk criteria are used to accurately identify patients at low risk for event recurrence, readmission, and a serious underlying diagnosis; however, their use results in the inaccurate identification of many patients as higher risk. This is likely because many AAP risk factors, such as age, are not associated with these outcomes.
Revisitando as trajetórias e processos formativos na/da docência
Authors: Marquezan Lorena Ines Peterini
Published: June 2021

Este artigo ancora-se nas conexões entre trajetórias pessoais/profissionais e processos formativos na/da docência, a partir de memórias e (res)significações, considerando a complexidade na/da docência. Para tanto, deriva de pesquisa (auto)biográfica, potencialmente inter/transdisciplinar, abrangendo diferentes níveis de ensino (Educação Básica e Educação Superior), em que o/a professor/a ensina/aprende ao longo da vida. São conceitos basilares na abordagem da problemática: como se configuram as trajetórias pessoal/profissional e os processos formativos na/da docência, vivenciados e narrados por uma educadora, em busca das suas memórias e (res)significações?. O objetivo geral voltou-se à compreensão das trajetórias e processos formativos na/da docência, delimitada ao sujeito da pesquisa, estabelecendo o critério de escolha da personagem e o recorte espaço-temporal – uma educadora no município de Santa Maria/RS, ao longo da carreira. Reafirma a abordagem metodológica qualitativa por meio de narrativas (auto)biográficas. As memórias e (res)significações docentes permitem que esses movimentos complexos possam ser apreendidos dos processos vividos, ressignificados e narrados. Essas dimensões conceituais vão sendo elucidadas e ampliadas na pesquisa (auto)biográfica, por meio de narrativas e outras fontes de informação e iconografia. O modelo interpretativo, compreensão cênica em complexidade, é proposto a partir de Santa Marinas e Marinas (1994), Marinas (2007, 2014), Abrahão (2014) e Morin (2012 a, 2012 b). A autobiografia da personagem contém fatos e argumentos que sustentam a pesquisa postulada. Concluímos que a personagem da narrativa vivencia a complexidade das trajetórias e processos formativos na/da docência, demarcados pela vivência inter/transdisciplinar, o que foi sendo confirmada na compreensão cênica complexa dos contextos das próprias memórias e (res)significações.
Role of the glutathione redox system in the susceptibility of pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) to ochratoxin A
Authors: Fernye Csaba , Ancsin Zsolt , Balogh Krisztián , Mézes Miklós , Erdélyi Márta
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of different dietary concentrations of ochratoxin A (OTA) on the growth, feed intake, mortality, blood plasma protein content and some parameters of lipid peroxidation and the glutathione redox system of pheasant chicks in a three-week long trial. A total of 320 seven-day-old female pheasants were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (n = 40 in each), fed with a diet artificially contaminated with OTA [control (<0.02 mg/kg), 0.88 mg/kg, 1.14 mg/kg and 1.51 mg/kg] for 21 days (up to 28 days of age). The pheasant chicks were sacrificed at early (12, 24 and 72 h) and late (7, 14 and 21 days) stages of mycotoxin exposure to check the effect of OTA. Minimal feed refusal was found in the medium- and high-dose toxin groups (–9.8 and –7.9%, respectively), and body weight gain was nearly the same in all groups. The glutathione redox system was activated mainly in the liver, confirmed by significantly increased reduced glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity during the late phase of mycotoxin exposure and at a high-dose treatment. The results suggest that pheasants have low susceptibility to OTA, and activation of the glutathione redox system has importance in this tolerance.
The dynamics of state ownership: The decisive role of crises
Authors: Voszka Éva
Published: June 2021

The big waves of change in state ownership in the 20th-century Europe moved in the same direction ‒ either nationalization or privatization. Yet this homogeneity has fallen apart in the last decade: globally and within several countries, the two directions have changed quickly or even have been appearing in parallel. So, it is worth returning to the question: what is the reason for these reversals? Are there any cycles in the extension and contraction of public ownership? Most studies in this field analyse nationalizations and privatizations separately. They examine closely the aims and motivations, but remarkably few focuses on the causes of changes in direction. Based on the lessons of these latter analyses, this paper attempts to interpret the expansion and contraction of public property within an integrated framework, identifying the emergency situations as key factors of fluctuation. The central role of crises in ownership changes is not fundamentally new in the literature. The novelty of the recent approach is the attempt to unfold the mechanism of their impact, including also the explanation why the previously uniform direction of big waves has been broken up after 2008. We argue that the main reason behind the parallel occurrence of large-scale nationalizations and privatizations in this period is the eclipse of a dominant economic-policy (and theoretical) paradigm, rendering the previously firm background of ownership waves uncertain.
Standardization of time of budding and sweet orange cultivars on Carrizo rootstock
Authors: SINGH RANDHAWA Fatehdeep , KAUR Amarjeet
Published: June 2021

In sexual propagation of citrus long juvenility, genetic impurity and self incompatibility are the major problems. Hence the use of suitable rootstock is a pre-requisite in citrus propagation. Now a days, the cultivation of sweet orange is boosting up among citrus cultivation. Due to this, there is a great need for the evaluation of sweet orange cultivars onto an appropriate rootstock. A research trial was carried out in consideration with ‘Blood Red’, ‘Jaffa’ and ‘Valencia Late’ sweet orange cultivars T-budded on Carrizo rootstock at five different intervals of first week of July, August, September, October and February. The treatments were replicated thrice and statistically arranged in factorial randomized complete block design. As a result of the study significant variations were noticed in the performance of cultivars under study at various budding intervals. Out of the sweet orange cultivars ‘Blood Red’ was the first to initiate sprouting in 28.30 days with healing of bud union in 31.39 days, maximum survival (89.40%), plant height (22.93 cm), number of branches buddling-1 (1.14), leaf total nitrogen (1.89%), phosphorus (0.07%) and potassium (1.26%). Among budding intervals, the plants budded on the first week of September were the first to sprout in 26.46 days achieving maximum (23.04 cm) plant height, branches buddling-1 (1.15) root formation of (5.98 cm3) volume and survival percentage (91.99). Commercially, ‘Blood Red’ sweet orange cultivar budded in the first week of September can be cultivated for superior progeny.
Salicylic acid pre-treatment induced physiological and biochemical changes in Solanum lycopersicum L. under salinity stress
Authors: SREELAKSHMY Venu , ANBARASI Gunasekar , VISHNUPRIYA Benaltraja
Published: June 2021

Agricultural crop production around the world is adversely affected by excess salt accumulation in the soil. Plants initiate broad range of signal transduction pathways to respond any stress. Salicylic acid (SA) is an endogenous plant growth regulator that acts as a signal molecule to modulate plant response by reducing the effects of abiotic stress on plants. The main objective of this study is to examine whether exogenous salicylic acid pre-treatment may reduce the adverse effects of salt stress and enhance salt tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum. For this experiment, two weeks old seedlings were subjected to salt stress by adding salt water (100 mM NaCl) for three days with or without salicylic acid pre-treatment. After salt stress exposure plant leaves were harvested and the various measures were recorded. Results of this study exhibited that salicylic acid pre-treatment mitigates various advers effects of salt stress on plant growth by stimulating plant biomass, water relations, protein content, chlorophyll pigment, and inorganic osmolytes accumulation. Simultaneously, an increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes of SOD, CAT and POX were also triggered.  This current study suggested that pre-treating of Solanum lycopersicum with salicylic acid attenuates the depressive effect of salinity by accelerating the osmolyte accumulation and triggering activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.
Xenobiology: An expanded semantical review
Authors: WICAKSONO Adhityo , CRISTY Ghea P.
Published: June 2021

The definition of “xenobiology” has gradually shifted from the study of the foreign, estranged life forms potentially existing in outer space to the study where the natural and synthetic life are involved. The natural concept of xenobiology governs the unseen, hypothetical life on the outer space, and the hidden life with completely different biochemistry on Earth. The life on the outer space might possess different way to harvest energy from the one on Earth. The hidden life on Earth, or the “Shadow Biosphere” might rose from completely different way of creation and evolution on Earth, which lead to its complete difference from the known biosphere. The newest concept of xenobiology involves synthetic life, built with unnatural base pair of the nucleic acid, with analogous or xeno nucleic acid (XNA), has a synthetic genome which capable of self-replicating or enables the synthetic cell to self-replicate, or even possesses a synthetic physiological pathway. By understanding the broad spectrum of xenobiology, in both natural and synthetic concepts, we can expand our view on how life might develop into a completely estranged system, which is different from anthropocentric view of life available around us on Earth. From these perspectives, we might understand how life evolved by evolving it synthetically.
Helminth fauna of Norops fuscoauratus (D’Orbigny, 1837) (Squamata: Dactyloidae) in the Atlantic Forest, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Campos I. H. M. P. , Oliveira C. N. , Araújo-Neto J. V. , Brito S. V. , Guarnieri M. C. , Ribeiro S. C.
Published: June 2021

Abstract The composition of macro endoparasites associated with the lizard Norops fuscoauratus (Squamata) was analysed in two localities in the Atlantic Forest on the northeast of Brazil between December 2012 and July 2015. 74 specimens of N. fuscoauratus were examined and five species of helminths were reported, being: (a) for the population of Pernambuco: Cystacanth (Prevalence=37.5%), Physaloptera retusa Rudolphi, 1819 (Prevalence=4.16%), larva of flatworm (Prevalence=2.08%), Rhabdias sp. (Prevalence=2.08%) and Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923 (Prevalence=2.08%), and (b) of Alagoas: S. oscari (Prevalence=17.85%) and Rhabdias sp. (Prevalence=3.57%). The differences in the composition of endoparasites in the two populations are attributed to individualities of environments occupied by the lizards. The collection period does not influence the abundance of parasites, but when associated with sex, there was a positive correlation with the abundance of helminths, with more females than males being infected with parasites in the rainy season.
Bir Büyük Selçuklu Dönemi Şaheseri Ardistân Cuma Camii Alçı Süsleme ve Kitabeleri
Authors: SOKHANPARDAZ Kamran
Published: June 2021

İslam mimarisinde en önemli dini yapı türü sayılan camiler, Büyük Selçuklu döneminde

zengin alçı süslemeler barındırmıştır. Böylece İran İslam sanatının altın çağı

olarak bilinen Büyük Selçuklu dönemi, her sanattan daha çok, alçı süsleme sanatında

geriye şaheserler bırakmıştır. Bundan hareketle bu makalede, Büyük Selçuklu dönemi

şaheserlerinden sayılan Ardistân Cuma Camii Mimarisi ve onun alçı süsleme ve

kitabeleri ele alınmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlardan, yapıda Büyük Selçuklu dönemine ait

alçı süslemeler, yapının farklı bölümlerinde bulunup, süsleme kompozisyonunun, yazı,

bitkisel ve hendesi bezemeleri içerdiği ve kazıma, kabartma ve kalıplama tekniğinde yapıldıkları

anlaşılmaktadır. Bu yapıda işlenmiş alçı süslemeler Büyük Selçuklu döneminden

önce ve sonraki dönemlere ait süsleme örnekleri ile yakın benzerlik arz etmektedir.

Daha önce yapılan birçok araştırmada, yapının Büyük Selçuklu döneminde tek eyvanlı

olup, sonraki dönemlerde dört eyvanlı hale getirildiği iddia edilmesine rağmen, caminin

iç mekânındaki kitabeden elde edilen bilgiler dikkate alındığında, yapının Büyük Selçuklu

döneminde dört eyvanlı olarak inşa edildiği bu çalışma kapsamında tespit edilmiştir.
Third-Century Inflation Reassessed
Authors: Kelly Paul
Published: June 2021

The conventional view of inflation in the Roman world, based on evidence from Roman Egypt, is that prices were steady from the middle of the first century AD until around AD 274, other than a doubling of prices between AD 160 and 190. By a quantitative treatment of the data for all available prices, and indicators of prices, this paper shows that this picture is broadly correct for wheat, but that prices for other goods increased throughout the period from AD 160 to 270. This pattern suggests that there were two co-existing market sectors. One for wheat, where prices appear to have been impacted by state action, and another where other commodities were left to find their own market level within a relatively free market.
Across the Universe: Policy Support for Employment and Revenue in the Pandemic Recession
Authors: Decker Ryan A. , Kurtzman Robert J. , Lutz Byron F. , Nekarda Christopher J.
Published: June 2021

Using data from 14 government sources, we develop comprehensive estimates of U.S. economic activity by sector, legal form of organization, and firm size to characterize how four government direct lending programs—the Paycheck Protection Program, the Main Street Lending Program, the Corporate Credit Facilities, and the Municipal Lending Facilities—related to these classes of economic activity in the United States. The classes targeted by these programs are vast—accounting for 97 percent of total U.S. employment—though entity-specific financial criteria limited coverage within specific programs. We relate our estimates to those from timely alternative data sources, which do not typically cover the majority of the economic universe.
Open Source Cross-Sectional Asset Pricing
Authors: Chen Andrew Y. , Zimmermann Tom
Published: June 2021

We provide data and code that successfully reproduces nearly all crosssectional stock return predictors. Our 319 characteristics draw from previous meta-studies, but we differ by comparing our t-stats to the original papers' results. For the 161 characteristics that were clearly significant in the original papers, 98% of our long-short portfolios find t-stats above 1.96. For the 44 characteristics that had mixed evidence, our reproductions find t-stats of 2 on average. A regression of reproduced t-stats on original longshort t-stats finds a slope of 0.90 and an R2 of 83%. Mean returns aremonotonic in predictive signals at the characteristic level. The remaining 114 characteristics were insignificant in the original papers or are modifications of the originals created byHou, Xue, and Zhang (2020). These remaining characteristics are almost always significant if the original characteristic was also significant.
Hedge Fund Treasury Trading and Funding Fragility: Evidence from the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Kruttli Mathias S. , Monin Phillip J. , Petrasek Lubomir , Watugala Sumudu W.
Published: June 2021

Hedge fund gross U.S. Treasury (UST) exposures doubled from 2018 to February 2020 to $2.4 trillion, primarily driven by relative value arbitrage trading and supported by corresponding increases in repo borrowing. In March 2020, amid unprecedented UST market turmoil, the average UST trading hedge fund had a return of -7% and reduced its UST exposure by close to 20%, despite relatively unchanged bilateral repo volumes and haircuts. Analyzing hedge fund-creditor borrowing data, we find the large, more regulated dealers provided disproportionately more funding during the crisis than other creditors. Overall, the step back in hedge fund UST activity was primarily driven by fund-specific liquidity management rather than dealer regulatory constraints. Hedge funds exited the turmoil with 20% higher cash holdings and smaller, more liquid portfolios, despite low contemporaneous outflows. This precautionary flight to cash was more pronounced among funds exposed to greater redemption risk through shorter share restrictions. Hedge funds predominantly trading the cash-futures basis faced greater margin pressure and reduced UST exposures and repo borrowing the most. After the market turmoil subsided following Fed intervention, hedge fund returns recovered quickly, but UST exposures did not revert to pre-shock levels over the subsequent months.
Kulluk Bilinci İnşasında Dua Değerinin Rolü
Authors: Şahin Aynur Hatice
Published: June 2021

Bu makalede dua etmenin kulluk bilincine etkisi incelenecektir. Keli-me anlamı olarak isteme ve talep etme manalarına gelen dua, esasın-da kulluk bilincini inşa edebilen Mü’min için bir irade beyanıdır. Kulluk bilincini oluşturamayan kul için dua, normal koşullar dışında beşer ol-manın sınırlarına katıldığı her ciddi sorunda, fıtratına uygun olarak ya-ratıcıyı hatırlama ve çözüm odaklı anımsamadır. Sürecin kendi aleyhine işlemesi sebebiyle çözüm odaklı yapılan bu dua çeşidi, bilinç sağlama-da hiçbir etkiye sahip olmayıp sorunun çözülmesiyle sona ermektedir. Oysa irade beyanı seviyesinde yapılan dua, insanın içinde bulunduğu hal ile Allah’ın istediği hal arasındaki mesafenin bilincinde gerçekleş-mekte ve hedef olarak Allah’ın iradesine erişme çabasını içermektedir. Dolayısıyla dua, salt bir talepte bulunmanın aksine zihnî ve amelî ma-nada değişim için sergilenen gayrettir. Bu sebeple Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in nü-zulü döneminde de bir taraftan zihinsel bağlamda Allah inancı inşa edi-lirken aynı anda dua anlayışı da şekillendirilmekteydi. Nihayetinde amaç, Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de ifade edildiği gibi insanı değerli kılan bilinçli ubûdiyet ve duaya ulaşılmasıdır.
Mütekaddim Dönem Şîa’da Müteârız Rivâyetlerin Âmmeye Arzı Uygulaması
Authors: Oktan Yusuf
Published: June 2021

Şîa’da İmamların masum addedilmeleri onların söz ve uygulamalarına şerʻi bir değer kazandırmıştır. Buna göre İmamlardan sadır olduğu iddia edilen rivâyetler mezhebin hadîs külliyatının önemli bir kısmını oluşturmuştur. Şiî ulemâ rivâyetler arasında görülen teâruzun sebebini İmamların kendilerini ve müntesiplerini korumak için yaptıkları takiyyeye dayandırmaktadır. Buna göre İmamlar toplumda tespit edilmemek için mezhebin asıl görüşünü söylemekten kaçındıkları ve toplumda mevcut olan âmmenin görüşüne muvâfık fetvalar verdikleri iddia edilmiştir. Böylece kaynaklarda bulunan rivâyetlerde müteârız rivâyetler görülmüştür. Bu durum teâruzu gidermede rivâyetlerin âmmeye arz edilmesi uygulamasını gündeme getirmektedir. Buna göre iki müteârız rivâyetten âmmeye muvâfık olanın takiyye bağlamında söylendiği dolayısıyla terk edilmesi gerektiği, âmmeye muârız olan rivâyetin ise mezhebin gerçek görüşü olduğu ve hakikatin âmmeye muârız olanda olduğu şeklindeki rivâyetlere dayanan Şiî ulemâ bu kuralı rivâyetlerin teâruzu durumunda bir tercih kriteri olarak zikretmektedirler. Teoride var olan bu uygulama pratikteki uygulanışı ve özellikle rivâyetler arasındaki teâruzu gidermedeki rolü tartışma konusudur. Buna göre makale bu uygulamanın dayanaklarını, takiyye-teâruz ilişkisini inceleyerek bu uygulamanın pratikteki karşılığını tetkik edecektir.
İmâm-ı Rabbânî Sonrası Nakşbendiyye’de Murâkabe
Authors: Zümrüt Orhan Kübra
Published: June 2021

Murakabe kavramı, tasavvufun ilk dönemlerinden itibaren önemle üzerinde durulmuş ve pek çok sûfî tarafından açıklanmış tasavvufî kavramlardandır. Murakabe kavramına verilen anlamları iki temel noktada toplamak mümkündür. Bunlardan ilki kişinin Allah’a yönelmesi ve dâimâ onun huzûrunda olduğu bilincini hissetmesidir. Bu anlamıyla murâkabenin, Cibrîl hadisi diye bilinen hadis-i şerifteki “ihsân” kavramıyla eş anlamlı olarak kullanıldığı görülür. Murakabenin diğer anlamıysa kişinin kalbine yönelmesini ve kalbini Allah’tan başka her şeyden yani mâsivâdan muhafaza etmesini ifâde eder. Sûfîler, murakabenin her iki anlamı üzerinde de durmuşlardır. Öte yandan murâkabe kavramının tasavvuf tarihi içinde farklı anlamlar kazandığı görülür. Bunun en açık örneği, Nakşbendiyye tarikatında kazandığı anlamdır. Murâkabe kavramının yukarıda açıkladığımız anlamları korumakla birlikte özellikle İmâm-ı Rabbânî sonrasında Nakşbendiyye tarikatında farklı bir anlam kazandığı ve bu tarikatın mânevî eğitim sisteminin bir parçası hâline geldiği görülmektedir. Bu makalede, Nakşbendiyyenin sülûk anlayışında bir yöntem olarak kullanılan ve murâkabe-i ahadiyyet, murâkabe-i maiyyet gibi farklı çeşitleri bulunan murâkabe anlayışı incelencektir. Bunun yanı sıra Nakşbendiyye’nin sülûk metodu hakkında kısaca bilgi verilecek, Nakşbendiyye’nin temel prensiplerinden murâkabeye yakın anlamlı olanlara işâret edilecek ve yine bu tarikatta ortaya çıkmış olan farklı murâkabe anlayışlarına da değinilecektir.