bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The analysis of large-scale turbulence characteristics in the Indonesian seas derived from a regional model based on the Princeton Ocean Model
Authors: O'Driscoll K. , Kamenkovich V.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Turbulence characteristics in the Indonesian seas on the horizontal scale of order of 100 km were calculated with a regional model of the Indonesian seas circulation in the area based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM). As is well known, the POM incorporates the Mellor–Yamada turbulence closure scheme. The calculated characteristics are: twice the turbulence kinetic energy per unit mass, q2; the turbulence master scale, ℓ; mixing coefficients of momentum, KM; and temperature and salinity, KH; etc. The analyzed turbulence has been generated essentially by the shear of large-scale ocean currents and by the large-scale wind turbulence. We focused on the analysis of turbulence around important topographic features, such as the Lifamatola Sill, the North Sangihe Ridge, the Dewakang Sill, and the North and South Halmahera Sea Sills. In general, the structure of turbulence characteristics in these regions turned out to be similar. For this reason, we have carried out a detailed analysis of the Lifamatola Sill region because dynamically this region is very important and some estimates of mixing coefficients in this area are available. Briefly, the main results are as follows. The distribution of q2 is quite adequately reproduced by the model. To the north of the Lifamatola Sill (in the Maluku Sea) and to the south of the Sill (in the Seram Sea), large values of q2 occur in the deep layer extending several hundred meters above the bottom. The observed increase of q2 near the very bottom is probably due to the increase of velocity shear and the corresponding shear production of q2 very close to the bottom. The turbulence master scale, ℓ, was found to be constant in the main depth of the ocean, while ℓ rapidly decreases close to the bottom, as one would expect. However, in deep profiles away from the sill, the effect of topography results in the ℓ structure being unreasonably complicated as one moves towards the bottom. Values of 15 to 20 × 10−4 m2 s−1 were obtained for KM and KH in deep water in the vicinity of the Lifamatola Sill. These estimates agree well with basin-scale averaged values of 13.3 × 10−4 m2 s−1 found diagnostically for KH in the deep Banda and Seram Seas (Gordon et al., 2003) and a value of 9.0 × 10−4 m2 s−1 found diagnostically for KH for the deep Banda Sea system (van Aken et al., 1988). The somewhat higher simulated values can be explained by the presence of steep topography around the sill.
TOPAZ4: an ocean-sea ice data assimilation system for the North Atlantic and Arctic
Authors: Sakov P. , Counillon F. , Bertino L. , Lisæter K. A. , Oke P. R. , Korablev A.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. We present a detailed description of TOPAZ4, the latest version of TOPAZ – a coupled ocean-sea ice data assimilation system for the North Atlantic Ocean and Arctic. It is the only operational, large-scale ocean data assimilation system that uses the ensemble Kalman filter. This means that TOPAZ features a time-evolving, state-dependent estimate of the state error covariance. Based on results from the pilot MyOcean reanalysis for 2003–2008, we demonstrate that TOPAZ4 produces a realistic estimate of the ocean circulation in the North Atlantic and the sea-ice variability in the Arctic. We find that the ensemble spread for temperature and sea-level remains fairly constant throughout the reanalysis demonstrating that the data assimilation system is robust to ensemble collapse. Moreover, the ensemble spread for ice concentration is well correlated with the actual errors. This indicates that the ensemble statistics provide reliable state-dependent error estimates – a feature that is unique to ensemble-based data assimilation systems. We demonstrate that the quality of the reanalysis changes when different sea surface temperature products are assimilated, or when in-situ profiles below the ice in the Arctic Ocean are assimilated. We find that data assimilation improves the match to independent observations compared to a free model. Improvements are particularly noticeable for ice thickness, salinity in the Arctic, and temperature in the Fram Strait, but not for transport estimates or underwater temperature. At the same time, the pilot reanalysis has revealed several flaws in the system that have degraded its performance. Finally, we show that a simple bias estimation scheme can effectively detect the seasonal or constant bias in temperature and sea-level.
Improved modelling of Siberian river flow through the use of an alternative frozen soil hydrology scheme in a land surface model
Authors: Finney D. L. , Blyth E. , Ellis R.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. A parameterisation to incorporate the effects of frozen soil on modelled hydrology is described and implemented within a land surface model, the Joint UK Land Surface Environment Simulator. It is shown to generally improve the modelled flow of Siberian rivers compared to observations, specifically in seasons of freezing or thawing soil. Most noticeably, the revised model increases the snowmelt flow peak by 26–100% compared to the control model, thereby better matching observed flows. The model physics resulting in the changes to river flow are discussed and attention is given to the effect of inaccuracies in snowfall driving data which can hinder the comparison of new model processes.
Prison Prologues:
Authors: Susan Einbinder
Published: August 2012

This article surveys medieval Jewish prison writings from Provence, Catalonia, and Orange, spanning the late thirteenth to the early fifteenth centuries. It asks what we can learn of the conditions of Jewish imprisonment and the types of literature it produced. While prison conditions varied greatly, prison writing unanimously expresses a commitment to the values and training that characterized its intellectual authors. The autobiographical prologues are assertions of “self” related to but distinct from the lyric and confessional forms of Christian prison literature. Jewish prison writers enlisted the prologues of technical works to relate their stories; examples of prison lyrics are few and idiosyncratic. Later writers were aware of contemporary enthusiasm for Boethius, as attested by two nearly contemporary Hebrew translations, one the result of the translator's imprisonment in Aragon. Further study of this literature is in order.
Congestion and Coordination Problems in a Tourism Economy
Authors: Álvarez-Albelo Carmen D. , Hernández-Martín Raúl
Published: August 2012

Tourism countries tend to face congestion externalities, which lead to over-production. Transport services produced in the countries of origin and tourism services provided at the destination are highly complementary, so these economies also tend to face coordination failures between firms, which result in under-production. Moreover, the presence of foreign firms poses the question of how much profit is retained by the destination. This paper analyses the joint effects of these problems on the destination's welfare, and the policies implemented to address them. Direct selling and bundling by foreign tour operators emerge as possible market arrangements. Four main results are obtained. First, in the direct selling situation the optimal policy depends on the relative importance of the problems. Second, tour operators always lead to over-production. Third, the presence of a single tour operator is not the solution to congestion. Finally, the switch from several tour operators to a single one is welfare reducing.
Tourism Cluster Positioning and Performance Evaluation: The Case of Portugal
Authors: Estevão Cristina , Ferreira João J.
Published: August 2012

The tourism sector has truly strategic importance for any future national or regional economy. Previous research on clusters has largely been restricted to industrial sectors and the application of conceptual methodologies. An empirical study might prove more suitable for evaluating the performance of tourism clusters, and yet the literature in this respect is scarce and there is a need for more research. This paper evaluates tourism clusters in Portugal and maps them through multivariate analysis. The empirical results validate the need to apply statistical tests and reveal that substantial differences in cluster performance do exist. In particular, the study identifies three different clusters in Portugal with varying performance levels – low, medium and high. The paper also provides a contribution to the assessment of tourism industry clusters.
Discounting Works in the Hotel Industry: A Structural Approach to Understanding Why
Authors: Croes Robertico , Semrad Kelly J.
Published: August 2012

This case study provides an empirical assessment of the relationship between discounting hotel room rates and hotel financial performance. The dynamics of the lodging industry are accounted for through the adoption of an error correction model. Recent research suggests that the use of discounting room rates may not be an effective pricing strategy as it results in increased occupancy rates at decreased average daily rates, thereby reducing a common financial performance indicator – revenue per available room (revPAR). The recommendation made to hotel managers, then, is to avoid discounting and instead adopt an average rate. This study generates opposing findings and reveals that discounting may be a practical short-term pricing solution that may compensate for market disequilibria. The results suggest that using statistical residuals rather than room rate averages may more accurately forecast appropriate hotel room rates and balance supply and demand. Thus, the recommendation of adopting average room rates may provide incorrect implications for managers in the short run.
Research Note: Estimation of the Non-Market Value of Sports Events: A Case Study of the Civic Pride Generated by the 2009 Shanghai ATP Masters 1000
Authors: Huang Hai-Yan , Zhang Lin
Published: August 2012

This study uses Contingent Valuation Method surveys to estimate the non-market value of local residents' civic pride generated by the 2009 Shanghai ATP Masters 1000 (2009SAM1000). Using a dataset of 1,800 public intercept surveys, the paper shows that the average individual willingness to pay for the civic pride generated by the 2009SAM1000 was 24.2 yuan, and the total value of local residents' civic pride generated by the event was 110.80 million yuan. The results also indicate that several factors influenced civic pride and willingness to pay for the match, including gender, educational qualifications (EQ), annual household income (AHI), and the aggregative indicator of the product of AHI and EQ.
Tourism Development and Economic Growth in Seven Mediterranean Countries: A Panel Data Approach
Authors: Dritsakis Nikolaos
Published: August 2012

This paper examines the relationship between economic growth and tourism development in seven Mediterranean countries. The purpose is to investigate empirically the long-run relationship between economic growth and tourism development in a multivariate model with tourism real receipts per capita, the number of international tourist arrivals per capita, real effective exchange rate, and real GDP per capita using the new heterogeneous panel cointegration technique. In pursuit of this objective, the tests of panel cointegration and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) are conducted, using panel data. The data used in this study are annual, covering the period 1980–2007.
Differences in Seasonal Price Patterns among Second Home Rentals and Hotels: Empirical Evidence and Practical Implications
Authors: Saló Albert , Garriga Anna , Rigall-I-Torrent Ricard , Vila Mar , Sayeras Josep M.
Published: August 2012

Hotels and second home rentals are two of the most important tourist accommodation options in Spain. In terms of seasonality, almost all previous studies have analysed tourism demand from the point of view either of total arrivals or the number of tourists lodged in a single accommodation type (hotels, rural accommodation, etc). However, there are no studies focusing on price seasonality or comparing seasonality among different accommodation types. By using seasonality indicators and a price index constructed by means of hedonic methods, this paper aims to shed some light on seasonal pricing patterns among second home rentals and hotels. The paper relies on a 2004 database of 144 hotels and 1,002 apartments on the Costa Brava (northeast Spain). The results show that prices for second home rentals display a smoother seasonal pattern than hotels due to reduced price differences between shoulder (May and October) and peak periods (August).
Forecasting Overseas Visitors to the UK Using Continuous Time and Autoregressive Fractional Integrated Moving Average Models with Discrete Data
Authors: Nowman K.B. , Van Dellen S.
Published: August 2012

This paper applies Gaussian estimation methods to continuous time models for modelling overseas visitors into the UK. The use of continuous time modelling is widely used in economics and finance but not in tourism forecasting. Using monthly data for 1986–2010, various continuous time models are estimated and compared to autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) models. Dynamic forecasts are obtained over different periods. The empirical results show that the ARIMA model performs very well, but that the constant elasticity of variance (CEV) continuous time model has the lowest root mean squared error (RMSE) over a short period.
Hotel Characteristics and Seasonality in Prices: An Analysis Using Spanish Tour Operators' Brochures
Authors: Espinet Josep-Maria , Fluvià Modest , Rigall-I-Torrent Ricard , Saló Albert
Published: August 2012

Seasonality in the tourism sector has been a major concern for policy makers, managers and other stakeholders. Many studies have analysed seasonality from the point of view of the number of visitors. However, there appear to be no studies focusing on seasonality in prices and on how to smooth out seasonal patterns. This paper analyses how hotel characteristics affect seasonality in prices using brochure data on 1,776 hotels in 32 sun-and-beach destinations in 11 countries. The authors find that, after controlling for destination-specific variables that may cause variations in prices through demand shifts (such as climatic conditions, exchange rates or marketing expenditures), more hotel services and higher star ratings are associated with fewer seasonal variations in hotel prices.
What is the Value of Eco-Tourism? An Evaluation of Forested Trails for Community Residents and Visitors
Authors: Chen Wan-Jiun , Liaw Shyue-Cherng
Published: August 2012

It is hoped that the development of ecotourism will ultimately eliminate the negative impacts of tourism on environmental and ecological systems. This study applies the contingent valuation method to assess the economic values of services provided by forested trails newly opened for recreational purposes. The objective is to evaluate the benefits received by the two main user groups: local residents and visitors to the three trails in I-Lan County, Taiwan. In Taiwan, the demand for outdoor recreation is increasing and trails in marginal forest areas have to deal with the conflicting needs for recreation and conservation. The monetary valuation results show that the three forested trails have significant values for both visitors and residents and that to develop ecotourism for the purposes of trail use and conservation will benefit both groups. However, local residents value the trails more than visitors due to their higher reliance on them and their interactions with them: the residents have long lived in the local villages and have relied on their surroundings to earn their living. The visitors, by contrast, visit the trails only occasionally. The authors conclude that the sustainable development of ecourism can maintain the values generated from the trails and deal successfully with the conflict of needs between recreational exploitation and conservation.
Research Note: Cash Holding and Firm Value: The Case of Taiwan's Tourism Industry
Authors: Kao Shr-Wei
Published: August 2012

This paper examines whether the percentage of cash holdings affects firm value in the tourism industry in Taiwan. Before the percentage of cash holdings reaches the threshold value, an increase in after-tax earnings boosts the firm's value. However, when the percentage of the cash holdings exceeds the threshold value, an increase in after-tax earnings decreases the firm's value. There is a non-linear relationship between after-tax earnings and firm value and between interest expenses and firm value. There are also smooth transition effects.
Impact of Permeation Properties and Backsheet-Encapsulant Interactions on the Reliability of PV Modules
Authors: Peike Cornelia , Hülsmann Philip , Blüml Matthias , Schmid Philipp , Weiß Karl-Anders , Köhl Michael
Published: August 2012

The reliability of photovoltaic modules is highly influenced by the material properties of the backsheet and encapsulation material. Currently, little attention is paid to the permeation properties of the back-sheet material or to its impact on encapsulation degradation and module reliability. We investigated the interaction of different types of solar encapsulation and back-sheet materials. Therefore, various laminates were made to examine the environmental impact on such materials during the aging processes. One focus of our study lies in oxygen and water vapor permeability of the back-sheet materials. The encapsulants used were an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), a TPSE (thermoplastic silicone elastomer), an ionomer, and a PVB (polyvinyl butyral). Back-sheet materials were a TPT (Tedlar-PET-Tedlar) foil, a polyamide (PA) sheet and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film. Raman spectroscopic and FT-IR/vis-reflectance measurements were carried out before and after different accelerated aging procedures. The water vapor and oxygen permeation properties were measured. A clear correlation between the permeation properties and the observed aging behavior was found. The degradation, especially of the encapsulant, resulted in increased fluorescence background in the Raman spectra. It could be shown that the encapsulation-cell-backsheet system should be optimized in order to minimize the stress on the PV-module components.
Exponential Decay to the Degenerate Nonlinear Coupled Beams System with Weak Damping
Authors: Lobato R. F. C. , Pereira D. C. , Santos M. L.
Published: August 2012

We consider a nonlinear degenerate coupled beams system with weak damping. We show using the Nakao method that the solution of this system decays exponentially when the time tends to infinity.
As colocações: forma social, sistema tecnológico, unidade de recursos naturais
Authors: Almeida Mauro William Barbosa de
Published: August 2012

O modo de vida nas colocações florestais é a base do conceito de Reserva Extrativista proposto pelo movimento social dos seringueiros amazônicos na década de 1980. Esse modo de vida formou-se sob o sistema hierárquico e especializado de aviamento, mas está longe de reduzir-se a ele. A colocação é uma organização social e um sistema econômico caracterizado pelo uso múltiplo de territórios florestais por uma rede de casas aparentadas, compartilhando ambientes em comum. O sistema das colocações possui o potencial para constitui-se, sob seu reconhecimento institucional como base das reservas extrativistas, no modelo de uma instituição coletiva de uso da floresta que é pouco agressiva para com a natureza e que pode proporcionar uma boa vida a seus habitantes.
Os plantios como experiência criativa: um primeiro ensaio
Authors: Ciavatta Pantoja Mariana , Mattos Amilton Pelegrino de
Published: August 2012

Neste artigo, ensaiamos uma primeira reflexão sobre os conhecimentos e práticas de cultivo agroecológicas de moradores da Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá (no extremo oeste do Estado do Acre). Os plantios, como são localmente designados esses experimentos, são abordados como uma experiência criativa de constituição de territórios de subjetivação nos quais processos de diferenciação são estabelecidos frente aos processos majoritários em curso, associados principalmente ao aumento da atividade agropecuária, e linhas de fuga são traçadas reforçando uma outra maneira de produzir subjetividades e conhecimento, como também a própria “Reserva”. Exploramos a hipótese de que os plantios devem ser, portanto, conceituados dentro do regime de conhecimento local e, enquanto parte deste sistema, são uma sólida alternativa ao desmatamento na região.
O cheiro doentio do contato: doença, história e degradação ambiental entre os Karitiana na Amazônia ocidental
Authors: Ferreira Vander Velden Felipe
Published: August 2012

Partindo de uma interpretação singular que os Karitiana, grupo Tupi-Arikem em Rondônia, propuseram para um evento que acompanharam pela televisão, este artigo pretende refletir sobre as relações entre a doença, a história e o meio-ambiente no contexto das relações interétnicas e dos graves e complexos problemas criados pelo contato para as sociedades indígenas nas terras baixas sul-americanas. O texto sugere que os Karitiana estão atentos aos diversos acontecimentos ao redor do planeta, e refletem sobre eles a partir de seus parâmetros cosmológicos. Assim, produzem comentários de alcance global que podem ser tomados como formas de conhecimento e crítica ambientais, ao abranger, por exemplo, as relações com a história, com o cosmos e com seus habitantes, humanos e não-humanos.
Transition from Pediatric to Adult Epilepsy Care: A Difficult Process Marked by Medical and Social Crisis
Authors: Camfield Peter , Camfield Carol , Pohlmann-Eden Bernd
Published: August 2012

When epilepsy does not remit in childhood, transition and transfer to adult care is eventually required. Youth must leave the family-centered approach of pediatric care for the individual focus of adult medicine. Evidence from population-based studies indicates that many of those with childhood-onset epilepsy have major social difficulties in adulthood even if their epilepsy has resolved. Epilepsy may have major effects on normal adolescent development, and societal attitudes confound this difficult period in the lives of young people with epilepsy. Very little objective data are available to assist in the designing of models of care for youth with epilepsy; however, based on our clinical experience and the limited available literature, it appears that a transition program to prepare children for adult care is best started during childhood and adolescence. The formal transfer to adult services may be assisted by a transition clinic jointly attended by pediatric and adult epilepsy specialists.
CONFLITOS E ABORDAGEM BIOÉTICA DE CRIANÇAS COM DISTÚRBIOS DO DESENVOLVIMENTO SEXUAL
Authors: Gubert Ida Cristina
Published: August 2012

Hermafroditismo, genitália ambígua, intersexo são termos hoje sob a designação de distúrbios do desenvolvimento sexual e que traduzem, em última análise, uma discordância entre o sexo cariotípico, fenotípico e gonadal, resultando em uma indefinição ou ambiguidade da sexualidade da criança afetada. Essas condições, ainda que raras,e até pouco tempo não muito divulgadas em função do estigma e da vergonha, hoje estão mais abertas e difundidas, mas sua abordagem ainda é controversa. Aspectos desafiantes da abordagem e conduta para com os sujeitos afetados pelos distúrbios do desenvolvimento sexual são a pressão da sociedade pelo conhecimento e consequentemente definição do sexo da criança, a autonomia desse sujeito, os princípios de beneficência,a tomada de decisões “no melhor interesse da criança” e o consentimento/ assentimento para a abordagem terapêutica mais adequada. As controvérsias expostas no texto convidam a uma reflexão multidisciplinar no enfoque desses casos.
Mito e espaço na representação de gênero
Authors: Schlögl Emerli
Published: August 2012

A representação de gênero impregna com diversos e amplos sentidos, por meio dos mitos, a espacialidade vivida. As geografias do mundo são reconhecidas e experienciadas a partir dos relacionamentos estabelecidos entre os seres humanos e os outros seres, objetos e contornos. O gênero feminino e masculino extrapolam o lugar de origem, a habitação corpórea, para se projetarem em elementos da natureza. A partir desse movimento, novos significados são apreendidos, novas relações estabelecidas,e o jogo complexo do poder entre os gêneros encontra, não apenas historicamente mas também geograficamente, o seu cenário. A religião oferece aos seres humanos símbolos que se convertem em forças mobilizadoras de ações e de espacialidades.
Fundamentación pastoral-educativa para la vida:aportes desde el Documento de Aparecida
Authors: Arévalo José Arlés Gómez
Published: August 2012

El presente documento, pretende ser un aporte a la reflexión sobre el sentido de lavida, la conciliación y la paz en el contexto pastoral-educativo, desde el DocumentoConclusivo de la V Conferencia de Aparecida. Las categorías emergentes en el desarrollodel mismo Documento, indican la riqueza de este importante encuentro eclesial quesignificó no pocos contratiempos y dificultades que contribuyeron a fundamentar elsentido y misión de la educación y la pastoral de la Iglesia Latinoamericana y caribeña,en los inicios de este tercer milenio. En efecto, no fue fácil organizar la V Conferenciade Aparecida. La primera idea de realizarla correspondió al arzobispo de Tegucigalpa,cardenal Andrés Rodríguez Madariaga, quien en 2001 propuso que se realizara unanueva conferencia general del episcopado latinoamericano en 2005, al cumplirse 50años de la primera conferencia y de la fundación del CELAM (consejo episcopal latinoamericano);cuyo origen se debió en gran parte al fallecido obispo chileno Manuel Larraín. Una de las razones invocadas por el cardenal hondureño señalaba “la necesidadde retomar las esperanzas del Concilio, con más conciencia de las dificultades quenecesitan ser enfrentadas con decisión”. Por otro lado, algunos sectores vinculadosa la curia del Vaticano pensaban que una actividad como ésta era innecesaria, dadoque el Papa Juan Pablo II había tomado la iniciativa de realizar un Sínodo de América,en 1997, y que esto parecía desautorizar la continuidad de las conferencias propiasde América Latina. Sin embargo, el cardenal chileno Francisco Javier Errázuriz, jugó eneste intento un papel preponderante. Hizo una consulta a las 22 conferencias episcopalesde América Latina y el Caribe, y 20 de ellas se manifestaron favorables a la realizaciónde una nueva conferencia general. Consultó igualmente a los 30 cardenaleslatinoamericanos y 18 de ellos se mostraron de acuerdo. Estos datos terminaron porconvencer al Papa Juan Pablo.
O outro e a roda: experiência formativa em grupo e Ensino Religioso
Authors: Ponick Edson , Nörnberg Marta
Published: August 2012

Este texto é uma reflexão sobre a experiência de professores em atividades de pequenos grupos, realizadas durante um seminário de formação continuada, denominado Semana de Criatividade. Analisamos os relatos e as reflexões sobre as experiências dos professores e das professoras participantes desse seminário escritos em Diário de Bordo. Apresenta elementos metodológicos da Semana de Criatividade que podem subsidiar os processos de planejamento das atividades de ensino, especialmente do Ensino Religioso. A atividade em grupos é um importante recurso metodológico para a construção, individual e coletiva, do respeito e da valorização do outro em sala de aula e fora dela. A análise conclui que os professores e as professoras apostam nas atividades em grupos como forma de contribuir para a formação de si e do outro.
O Ensino Religioso em Portugal e França: contribuições à reflexão e prática brasileira
Authors: Pimente Claudio Santana
Published: August 2012

Este artigo pretende apresentar alguns aspectos da reflexão e prática internacional sobre o Ensino Religioso, ao expor e discutir o estado da questão em Portugal e França. A partir disso, pretende demonstrar como essa reflexão e prática abrem caminho para a constituição de um novo paradigma para o Ensino Religioso, paradigma que tem por base epistemológica a Ciência da Religião, afastando-se desse modo da compreensão tradicional que considera o Ensino Religioso uma disciplina confessional ou ecumênica,e que, portanto, deveria se restringir às instituições de ensino confessionais. Por fim, pretende-se aproximar a discussão internacional sobre o Ensino Religioso daquela que se está realizando no Brasil, para se perceber suas diferenças e seus pontos de contato.
Religião, culto cristão e mídias como uma forma de religiosidade vivenciada: uma análise como tarefa da teologia prática
Authors: Adam Júlio Cézar
Published: August 2012

O artigo busca entender a relação entre religião, culto cristão e mídia. Parte-se da ideia de que na contemporaneidade vivemos um fenômeno amplo e complexo de transferência da religião e do religioso para o campo das mídias, tanto no que se refere às suas formas quanto aos seus conteúdos. A religião na e por meio das mídias constitui-se uma religiosidade vivenciada, diferente da religião institucional, mas, em vários aspectos, assume para as pessoas uma função cúltica e litúrgica. Entende-se que o estudo desta relação entre religião, culto e mídia é tarefa da teologia prática como um rastreamento e uma hermen
Age and growth of Pacific golden-eye tilefish (Caulolatilus affinis) in the central region of the Gulf of California
Authors: Ramírez-Pérez JS , Melo-Barrera FN , Ayala-Bobadilla LE
Published: August 2012

Age, growth, and the length-weight relationship were estimated for the Pacific golden-eye tilefish Caulolatilus affinis captured by the artisanal fishery in the central region of the Gulf of California. The size and weight structure differed between sexes, males being larger and heavier than females; however, differences in the length-weight relationship were not detected and the slope value (b = 2.66) showed that it was a negative allometric relationship. The youngest and oldest organisms were 3 and 21 years old, respectively. The age structure showed differences between sexes, males being more abundant at older ages and females at younger ones. The dominant age group for females was 11 years old and for males, 16 years old. The von Bertalanffy growth model fitted adequately the mean size and age data; the model parameters were L∞ = 432.32 mm total length, k = 0.232 mm yr–1, and t0 = 0.164 yr for males, and L∞ = 422.99 mm total length, k = 0.245 mm yr–1, and t0 = –0.095 yr for females. Differences in individual growth and growth rate between males and females were not detected. According to the age structure and growth pattern, C. affinis is a slow-growing, medium-lived species. Our results suggest that C. affinis is underexploited in the central Gulf of California because it is a non-target species.
Effect of broodstock diet on the fecundity and biochemical composition of eggs of the Patagonian red octopus (Enteroctopus megalocyathus Gould 1852)
Authors: Farías A , Navarro JC , Cerna V , Pino S , Uriarte I
Published: August 2012

Twelve females of the Patagonian red octopus Enteroctopus megalocyathus, of 1.4 ± 0.2 kg, were maintained at 12 ºC under three conditioning treatments: T1 (F10%), frozen fish at 10% daily body weight (bwt d–1); T2 (FC (3:1) 10%), mix (3:1) of frozen fish and fresh crab at 10% bwt d–1; and T3 (F7.5%), frozen fish at 7.5% bwt d–1. Egg laying was observed after four months of conditioning, when from 545 to 1100 ºC days had been reached, and when females had increased 1.5 times in body weight. Absolute fecundity reached 2129 eggs (±1182) per female in treatments T1 and T2, whereas in T3 fecundity reached only 56 eggs. The lowest values of perivitelline protein were obtained in T1 and T2, while total lipid content in the yolk was similar among treatments. The most frequent fatty acids in egg yolk were 16:0, 17:0, 17:1, 18:0, 20:1, 20:4n-6, 23:0, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3. Significant differences in fatty acid contents among treatments were observed only for 16:1 and 22:5n-3. The results showed that females can be conditioned for egg production even when fed a diet lacking crustaceans, and that a dietary reduction of 7.5% bwt d–1 diminished fecundity without affecting egg quality in terms of their biochemical composition.
Reefscape proxies for the conservation of Caribbean coral reef biodiversity
Authors: Arias-González JE , Núñez-Lara E , Rodríguez-Zaragoza FA , Legendre P
Published: August 2012

The explanatory value of four hypotheses for geographic variation in total species richness and species richness was evaluated per family in coral and fish communities in the North Sector of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (NS-MBRS). The four hypotheses emphasize different reefscape attributes that are important for coral and fish: reef area (RA), live coral cover (LCC), habitat complexity (HC), and coral richness itself and for fish. For both coral and fish communities, we estimated the total number of species and number of species per family on 11 coral reefs along a 400-km section of NS-MBRS. Hard coral cover and HC were quantified using line and chain transects, respectively, and RA was estimated using Landsat TM images and a geographic information system. We used multiple regression and canonical redundancy analysis to study the fish-environment and coral-environment relationships. The three reefscape features (RA, LCC, and HC) in combination were much stronger explanatory variables for the observed biogeographic patterns of fish and coral biodiversity than they were singly. Coral and fish species richness were strongly correlated. Indicators of functional diversity (fish trophic groups and coral morphofunctional groups) followed the same biogeographic patterns as species richness. Reefscape attributes (RA, LCC, and HC) were shown to be good proxies for critical coral reef biodiversity values. This means that simple reefscape attributes can be used to predict more complex biodiversity values of different reef areas. Such predictions can provide an invaluable guide for regional biodiversity assessments, the extrapolation of these results to unsurveyed areas, and guidance for ecoregionalization within large reef tracts where data are sparse.
Evidence of sexual reproduction in the hermatypic corals Pocillopora damicornis, Porites panamensis, and Pavona gigantea in Banderas Bay, Mexican Pacific
Authors: Carpizo-Ituarte E , Vizcaíno-Ochoa V , Chi-Barragán G , Tapia-Vázquez O , Cupul-Magaña AL , Medina-Rosas P
Published: August 2012

The reproductive capacity of coral communities in the Mexican Pacific is still poorly documented. One of the most abundant coral communities in this region is found in Banderas Bay, yet the reproductive patterns of the coral species have not been analyzed. In order to document the annual reproductive cycle of the three most common species of corals in the bay, samples of Pocillopora damicornis, Porites panamensis, and Pavona gigantea were collected monthly from Redonda Island from December 2001 to November 2002. Colony fragments were processed by histological techniques and analyzed under a microscope. The three species showed the presence of gametes, which was associated with an increase in sea surface temperature. Gametogenesis was first observed in P. damicornis, classified as hermaphrodite. In P. panamensis, reproductive cells were observed in May 2002, and embryos and planulae in September 2002; this species was classified as gonochoric, showing internal fertilization and a distinct reproductive behavior compared with that reported for other areas of the eastern tropical Pacific. In P. gigantea, gametogenesis started later and occurred over a short period of time; this species was classified as gonochoric and no mature gametes were evident. All three species showed reproductive potential during the summer, confirming the reproductive capacity documented for these species in adjoining areas of the Mexican Pacific. The intensity and duration of the reproductive cycle in Banderas Bay are likely regulated by periodic events like El Niño and microscale climate oscillations that modulate temperature and light patterns in the area.
Chemical composition and some biological activities of marine algae collected in Tunisia
Authors: Frikha F , Kammoun M , Hammami N , Mchirgui RA , Belbahri L , Gargouri Y , Miled N , Ben-Rebah F
Published: August 2012

The chemical composition and some biological properties of four algae (Ulva rigida, Codium bursa, Cystoseira barbata, and Ceramium diaphanum) collected from the Gabes Gulf area (Tunisia) were examined. Ash (11.35–29.08% weight/dry weight [w/dw]) and total sugar (13.20–18.70% w/dw) were the most abundant contents in these algae. Protein contents were moderate (5.03–14.00% w/dw), with the red alga (C. diaphanum) having the highest value. Lipid contents were within the range mentioned for seaweeds (less than 3% w/dw). Saturated fatty acids occurring at the highest proportions were C16:0 (24.53–41.37%) and C12:0 (10.37–24.44%). The most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid was C18:1n-9 (21.74–54.22%), whereas the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid was C18:2n-6 (9.57–11.71%). Variations in chemical composition can be attributed to both environmental and genetic differences among species. All algal extracts displayed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus simulans (inhibition diameter: 10–25 mm), antioxidant activity (radical scavenging activity: 0.8–23%), and anti-inflammatory activity (48–61% inhibition of the phospholipase A2 activity); therefore, the marine algae examined can be considered abundant resources of bioactive molecules.
Economic valuation of coastal lagoon environmental restoration: Mar Menor (SE Spain)
Authors: Perni A , Martínez-Carrasco F , Martínez-Paz JM
Published: August 2012

Coastal lagoons are a special type of boundary ecosystem between marine and terrestrial environments, which in many cases are threatened by human activities developed in the periphery. One of the most important anthropogenic impacts sustained by coastal lagoons is eutrophication, as a result of nutrient enrichment of the water from agriculture and deficient treatment systems. In the European Union, laws such as the Water Framework Directive and Marine Strategy Framework Directive aim to achieve a good ecological status for these ecosystems through a program of measures, which must take into account the benefits generated by them. In this study we have applied the contingent valuation method to estimate the benefits generated by the measures to improve the ecological status of the Mar Menor coastal lagoon (SE Spain), one of the most important of the Mediterranean Sea. The results show that there is a willingness to pay for the implementation of additional measures apart from urban wastewater treatment and other obligatory measures. From the willingness to pay values obtained, the environmental benefits generated by the correction of the impacts at Mar Menor were estimated. These benefits add up to 17.4 million euros per year, of which 7.7 and 9.7 are related to the increase in the use and non-use values, respectively. On the other hand, the estimation of the derived demand function has shown that variables such as the connection to Mar Menor and the level of environmental awareness have a positive influence on the willingness to pay.
A novel Satellite-based Ocean Monitoring System for Mexico
Authors: Cerdeira-Estrada S , López-Saldaña G
Published: August 2012

To analyze patterns in marine productivity, harmful algal blooms, thermal stress in coral reefs, and oceanographic processes, optical and biophysical marine parameters, such as sea surface temperature, and ocean color products, such as chlorophyll-a concentration, diffuse attenuation coefficient, total suspended matter concentration, chlorophyll fluorescence line height, and remote sensing reflectance, are required. In this paper we present a novel automatic Satellite-based Ocean Monitoring System (SATMO) developed to provide, in near real-time, continuous spatial data sets of the above-mentioned variables for marine-coastal ecosystems in the Gulf of Mexico, northeastern Pacific Ocean, and western Caribbean Sea, with 1 km spatial resolution. The products are obtained from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images received at the Direct Readout Ground Station (located at CONABIO) after each overpass of the Aqua and Terra satellites. In addition, at the end of each week and month the system provides composite images for several ocean products, as well as weekly and monthly anomaly composites for chlorophyll-a concentration and sea surface temperature. These anomaly data are reported for the first time for the study region and represent valuable information for analyzing time series of ocean color data for the study of coastal and marine ecosystems in Mexico, Central America, and the western Caribbean.
Strongly Correlated Materials
Authors: Morosan Emilia , Natelson Douglas , Nevidomskyy Andriy H. , Si Qimiao
Published: August 2012

Strongly correlated materials are profoundly affected by the repulsive electron‐electron interaction. This stands in contrast to many commonly used materials such as silicon and aluminum, whose properties are comparatively unaffected by the Coulomb repulsion. Correlated materials often have remarkable properties and transitions between distinct, competing phases with dramatically different electronic and magnetic orders. These rich phenomena are fascinating from the basic science perspective and offer possibilities for technological applications. This article looks at these materials through the lens of research performed at Rice University. Topics examined include: Quantum phase transitions and quantum criticality in “heavy fermion” materials and the iron pnictide high temperature superconductors; computational ab initio methods to examine strongly correlated materials and their interface with analytical theory techniques; layered dichalcogenides as example correlated materials with rich phases (charge density waves, superconductivity, hard ferromagnetism) that may be tuned by composition, pressure, and magnetic field; and nanostructure methods applied to the correlated oxides VO2 and Fe3O4, where metal‐insulator transitions can be manipulated by doping at the nanoscale or driving the system out of equilibrium. We conclude with a discussion of the exciting prospects for this class of materials.
Katalyse mit primären Cinchona‐Aminen zur asymmetrischen Funktionalisierung von Carbonylverbindungen
Authors: Melchiorre Paolo
Published: August 2012

Die asymmetrische Aminokatalyse verwendet chirale primäre und sekundäre Amine, um asymmetrische Reaktionen zu katalysieren. Methoden dieser Art haben die Funktionalisierung von Carbonylverbindungen stark vereinfacht und bieten zudem hohe Enantioselektivitäten. Jüngste Fortschritte in der Katalyse mit primären Cinchona‐Aminen haben neue Synthesemöglichkeiten und konzeptionelle Perspektiven aufgezeigt, um die großen Herausforderungen in der Carbonylchemie, die mit bisherigen Ansätzen nicht gelöst werden konnten, anzugehen. Dieser Aufsatz fasst die wichtigsten Meilensteine bei der Entwicklung dieser Katalysatorklasse im historischen Kontext zusammen.
Graphene and its application in fuel cell catalysis: a review
Authors: Hur Seung Hyun , Park Jin‐Nam
Published: August 2012

Graphene is considered a promising material for fuel cell vehicles because of its excellent chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties. Recent studies have revealed that using graphene or modified graphene as the catalyst support or as a metal‐free catalyst results in significant improvement in the electrocatalytic activity, long term durability, and CO tolerance. This article summarizes both the recent progress of graphene‐based fuel cell research and current developments in graphene fabrication processes such as mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, and chemical exfoliation. The roles of graphene are also discussed by introducing mechanisms on the basis of theoretical calculations as well as experimental analysis. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doing dissections differently: A structured, peer‐assisted learning approach to maximizing learning in dissections
Authors: Hall Emma R. , Davis Rachel C. , Weller Renate , Powney Sonya , Williams Sarah B.
Published: August 2012

Areas of difficulty faced by our veterinary medicine students, with respect to their learning in dissection classes, were identified. These challenges were both general adult‐learning related and specific to the discipline of anatomy. Our aim was to design, implement, and evaluate a modified reciprocal peer‐assisted/team‐based learning format—Doing Dissections Differently (DDD)—to complement existing dissection classes, with the intention of enhancing both student learning and the student learning experience. Second year veterinary medicine students (n = 193), in their usual dissection groups, were randomly assigned to one of four roles: anatomist, clinician, radiologist, and learning resources manager. Students attended a preparatory workshop outlining the skills required for effective execution of their role. They were then asked to perform their roles throughout five consecutive musculoskeletal dissection classes. Student attitudes to dissection classes before and after DDD were evaluated by questionnaire (146 respondents). There was a significant (P = 0.0001) improvement after DDD in a number of areas: increased perceived value of dissection classes as an anatomy learning aid; improved appreciation of the clinical relevance of anatomy; increased use of resources before and during dissection classes; and longer preparation time for dissection classes. Before DDD, 45% of students felt that at least one peer did not contribute usefully to the group during dissection classes; no improvement was seen in this measure after DDD. Although the new format highlighted a potential need to improve teamwork, most students actively engaged with DDD, with dissection classes valued more highly and utilized more effectively. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
Development and validation of UPLC‐MS/MS method for determination of domperidone in human plasma and its pharmacokinetic application
Authors: Wang Xintao , Qin Feng , Jing Lijuan , Zhu Qiang , Li Famei , Xiong Zhili
Published: August 2012

A sensitive, rapid and selective ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of domperidone in human plasma. Diphenhydramine was used as the internal standard. Plasma sample pretreatment involved a one‐step liquid–liquid extraction with a mixture of diethyl ether–dichloromethane (3:2, v/v). The analysis was carried out on an Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol–water containing 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate and 0.5% (v/v) formic acid (60:40, v/v). The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode via electrospray ionizationsource with positive mode. Each plasma sample was chromatographed within 2.1 min. The standard curves for domperidone were linear (r2 ≥ 0.99) over the concentration range of 0.030–31.5 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 0.030 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision (relative standard deviation) values were not higher than 13% and accuracy (relative error) was from −7.6 to 1.2% at three quality control levels. The method herein described was superior to previous methods and was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of domperidone in healthy Chinese volunteers after oral administration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.