bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the hidden niche: incorporating microclimate temperature into species distribution models
Authors: Haesen Stef , Lenoir Jonathan , Gril Eva , De Frenne Pieter , Lembrechts Jonas , Kopecký Martin , Macek Martin , Man Matěj , Wild Jan , Van Meerbeek Koenraad
Published: May 2023

Species’ environmental niches are conventionally modelled using coarse-grained macroclimate data. These data are known to deviate substantially from local, near-ground and proximal conditions (i.e., the microclimate), especially so below forests canopies. Here we aimed to assess the impact of using gridded microclimate data instead of gridded macroclimate data on the performance of species distribution models (SDMs), as well as on the predicted geographical distribution and the derived species response curves of 140 forest specialist plant species across Europe over the 2000-2020 period. We performed a comparative study between SDMs constructed with different sets of bioclimatic predictors to separately test the effect of using (i) proximal climate data instead of conventional macroclimatic data and (ii) high-resolution proximal climate data rather than coarse-gridded macroclimatic data. Therefore, we challenged SDMs with: (1) a macroclimatic dataset at a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km; (2) an aggregated microclimatic dataset matching the same resolution of 1 km × 1 km; and (3) a microclimatic dataset at a much finer spatial resolution of 25 m × 25 m. We found significant differences in model performance, indicating that microclimate-based SDMs outperform both their macroclimatic and aggregated counterparts. Most importantly, this study makes clear that macroclimate-based SDMs tend to introduce a systematic bias into the perceived species response curves. Additionally, macroclimatic data is unable to identify warm and cold refugia beyond the range edges of species’ distributions. We thus conclude that microclimate-based SDMs are a crucial tool to gain peculiar insights regarding biodiversity conservation, which is needed to align management actions and prioritize conservation efforts.
Cypriot Arabic: Language Contact and Linguistic Deviations from Mainstream Arabic Norms
Authors: Shormani Mohammed
Published: May 2023

I was fascinated when I came to know that there is “Arabic” spoken in Cyprus, which aroused several questions in me as to how this language came into existence, how it is spoken now, what changes to its linguistic modules take place due to language contact with other languages, what its status now is, etc. This article, thus, aims to investigate these questions, focusing mainly on how Cypriot Arabic (CyA) deviates from Mainstream Arabic (MA) varieties in all linguistic modules as a result of the language contact with the dominant language, i.e. Cypriot Greek. Specifically, I investigate CyA linguistic modules: phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon and how language contact leads to deviations from Mainstream Arabic norms. Language decay and death are also investigated. Cypriot Arabic is a dialect of Arabic spoken in Cyprus, having evolved as a purely oral (unwritten) variety in isolation from any written or spoken variety of Arabic after the twelfth century. It is spoken by the Maronite Cypriots who have immigrated mostly from Syria and Lebanon to Cyprus and have inhabited Kormakiti(s) village until the Turkish invasion of the northern part of the Island in 1974 (Borg, 1985; inter alia). The main contact CyA has is with (Cypriot) Greek. In this paper, I employ the comparative and analytic approaches to linguistic phenomena under study. Findings indicate that CyA is severely endangered and hence should urgently be documented and revitalized. Thus, this research, to the best of my knowledge, is the first to be conducted by a linguist who is a native speaker of Arabic (with a little knowledge of Greek), and here lies its significance. It provides a reliable investigation and contributes to the existing body of literature on this language variety.
Keberadaan jentik nyamuk aedes aegypti dengan kejadian demam berdarah dengue (DBD)
Authors: Ashari Irwan , Kurrohman Taufik , Aba Matheus , Surjati Endang , Efendi Efendi
Published: May 2023

Background: The incidence of dengue fever in the City of Bandung is still a problem that must be resolved immediately. Efforts to eradicate mosquito nests are one of the most effective ways to reduce disease transmission. Eradication can be carried out from mosquitoes still in the form of larvae.Purpose: To determine the relationship between the presence of aedes aegypti mosquito larvae with the incidence of dengue haemorrhagic fever.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the working area of Puter Health Centre. The research sample was taken using the stratified random sampling technique, which was 63 respondents. The instrument in this study was to use a checklist sheet using the observation method. Data analysis using chi-square test.Results: Most of the houses observed did not have mosquito larvae, of 63.5 per cent, and most did not suffer from dengue haemorrhagic fever, which was 82.5 per cent. There is a relationship between the presence of mosquito larvae and the incidence of dengue haemorrhagic fever.Conclusion: People who live in homes with mosquito larvae are 6.5 times more likely to suffer from dengue haemorrhagic fever compared to people who live in homes where there are no mosquito larvae.Suggestion: To the Public Health Centre to optimize larva monitor cadres to carry out monitoring every week at people's homes.Keywords: Dengue hemorrhagic fever; Larvae; Aedes aegyptiPendahuluan: Kejadian demam berdarah di Kota Bandung masih menjadi permasalahan yang harus segera diselesaikan. Upaya pemberantasan sarang nyamuk adalah salah satu cara yang cukup efektif dalam menekan penularan penyakit. Pemberantasan dapat dilakukan dari nyamuk masih dalam bentuk larva atau jentik.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui keberadaan jentik nyamuk aedes aegypti dengan kejadian demam berdarah dengue.Metode: Penelitian cross sectional dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Puter. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan teknik stratified random sampling yaitu sebanyak 63 responden. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan lembar checklist dengan menggunakan metode observasi. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square.Hasil: Sebagian besar rumah yang di observasi tidak terdapat jentik nyamuk yaitu 63,5 persen, dan sebagian besar tidak menderita demam berdarah dengue yaitu 82,5 persen. Ada hubungan antara keberadaan jentik nyamuk dengan kejadian demam berdarah dengue.Simpulan: Orang yang tinggal di rumah yang terdapat jentik nyamuk berpeluang 6,5 kali menderita demam berdarah dengue dibandingkan dengan orang yang tinggal di rumah yang tidak terdapat jentik nyamuk.Saran: Kepada pihak Puskesmas agar mengoptimalkan kader jumantik untuk melakukan monitoring setiap minggu ke rumah-rumah masyarakat.
Penerapan manajemen asuhan keperawatan model tim dan model primer terhadap mutu asuhan keperawatan
Authors: Indrawati Endah , Erlena Erlena
Published: May 2023

Background: Nursing is a profesional service as an integral part of health care. Profesional nursing services can be realized if it is implemented by professional nursing staff so that they can contribute on improving hospital services quality, especially nursing services. Thus the method of providing nursing care is part of the organizing function. The method of providing nursing care consists of five methode which include functional method, case method, team method, modular method, and primary method.Purpose: To find out the effectiveness of the implementation of the team model and primary model of nursing care management on the quality of nursing care in the inpatient room of Karawang District Hospital.Method: Quasi experiment with pre post test design with group design with a total sample of 104 respondents. Data were analyzed using the GLM-RM test.Results: There was a significant difference in the team method group and the primary method group with a p value <0.05.Conclusion: The application of the team method and the primary method has an effect on improving the quality of nursing services.Keywords: Nursing Care Management; Team Model; Primary Models; Quality of Nursing Care.Pendahuluan: Keperawatan merupakan pelayanan profesional sebagai bagian integral dari pelayanan kesehatan. Pelayanan keperawatan profesional dapat terwujud apabila dilaksanakan oleh tenaga keperawatan yang profesional sehingga dapat berkontribusi dalam peningkatan kualitas pelayanan rumah sakit khususnya pelayanan keperawatan. Dengan demikian metode pemberian asuhan keperawatan merupakan bagian dari fungsi pengorganisasian. Metode pemberian asuhan keperawatan terdiri dari lima metode yang meliputi metode fungsional, metode kasus, metode tim, metode modular dan metode primer.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektifitas penerapan manajemen asuhan keperawatan model tim dan model primer terhadap mutu asuhan keperawatan di ruang rawat inap RSUD Kabupaten Karawang.Metode: Quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan pre post test with group design dengan jumlah sampel 104 responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji GLM-RM.Hasil: Terjadi perbedaan yang signifikan pada kelompok metode tim dan kelompok metode primer dengan nilai p < 0,05.Simpulan: Penerapan metode tim dan metode primer ada pengaruh pada peningkatan mutu pelayanan keperawatan.
Support from community leaders and families related to Covid-19 prevention behavior In Indonesia
Authors: Aprianti Aprianti , Haikal Haikal , Manglapy Yusthin Meriantti , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Background: COVID-19 is a public health problem and has been declared a pandemic by the WHO. In Indonesia, there were 1,682,004 confirmed positive cases of COVID-19, with a total of 1,535,491 (91.3%) recovering and 45,949 (2.7%) deaths. Behavior-reinforcing factors, namely support from community leaders and families, have an important role in preventing COVID-19 in Indonesia.Purpose: To analyze the relationship between the support of community leaders and family support on Covid-19 prevention behavior.Method: A quantitative method with a cross-sectional design and the sampling technique used was purposive sampling with inclusion criteria being willing to become respondents by filling in informed consent, aged over 18 years, Indonesian residents could access the google form. Two thousand seven hundred samples meet the inclusion criteria.Results: The results showed that there was a strong and significant relationship between the variables of community leader support (p value = 0.001; r = 0.296) and family support (p value = 0.001; r = 0.402) on Covid-19 prevention behavior.Conclusion: We need to strengthen the capacity of community leaders and families to improve their behavior to prevent COVID-19 in Indonesia.
Nutritional factors associated with anaemia in pregnant women in Tulang Bawang Lampung
Authors: Fadhilaturrabani Nisrina , Hermawan Dessy , Aryastuti Nurul , Siregar Fitri Ekasari , Muhani Nova
Published: May 2023

Background: Anemia is the biggest health problem in the world, especially for women who are pregnant, because it can cause fatigue and decreased work productivity. Knowledge is a factor that encourages pregnant women to avoid anemia. If pregnant women know the causes of anemia, the consequences of anemia, and how to prevent it, pregnant women will avoid pregnancy anemia.Purpose: To find out the determinants of the incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women at the Non-Inpatient of candra mukti health center and Inpatient health center at capable ponet Tulang Bawang Barat working area in 2022.Method: Quantitative analytic research with cross sectional design. The sampling technique used proportional stratified random sampling, and 171 people met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis used the Chi Square test and multivariate analysis used multiple logistic regression.Results: It is known that the distribution of the majority of anemic mothers (59.1 percent). have less knowledge (53.8 percent). have a positive attitude (52.6 percent). obediently consuming Fe tablets (58.5 percent). 1 glass (66.1 percent) of iron absorption inhibiting drinks (tea, coffee, milk). get good family support (59.6 percent). received the support of good health workers (71.9 percent).Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between knowledge, attitudes, adherence to iron consumption, drinking iron absorption inhibitors (tea, coffee and milk), family support and support from health workers with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women with a p-value of < 0.05. Fe consumption is the dominant factor in the incidence of anemia in pregnant women (p-value = 0.002).
Ferroportin inhibitor vamifeport ameliorates ineffective erythropoiesis in a mouse model of β-thalassemia with blood transfusions
Authors: Kalleda Natarajaswamy , Flace Anna , Altermatt Patrick , Ingoglia Giada , Doucerain Cédric , Nyffenegger Naja , Dürrenberger Franz , Manolova Vania
Published: May 2023

β-thalassemia is an inherited anemia characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis. Blood transfusions are required for survival in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia and are also occasionally needed in patients with non-transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia. Patients with transfusion-dependent b-thalassemia often have elevated transferrin saturation (TSAT) and non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) levels, which can lead to organ iron overload, oxidative stress, and vascular damage. Vamifeport is an oral ferroportin inhibitor that was previously shown to ameliorate anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis, and dysregulated iron homeostasis in the Hbbth3/+ mouse model of β-thalassemia, under non-transfused conditions. Our study aimed to assess the effects of oral vamifeport on iron-related parameters (including plasma NTBI levels) and ineffective erythropoiesis following blood transfusions in Hbbth3/+ mice. A single dose of vamifeport prevented the transient transfusion-mediated NTBI increase in Hbbth3/+ mice. Compared with vehicle treatment, vamifeport significantly increased hemoglobin levels and red blood cell counts in transfused mice. Vamifeport treatment also significantly improved ineffective erythropoiesis in the spleens of Hbbth3/+ mice, with additive effects observed when treatment was combined with repeated transfusions. Vamifeport corrected leukocyte counts and significantly improved iron-related parameters (serum transferrin, TSAT and erythropoietin levels) versus vehicle treatment in Hbbth3/+ mice, irrespective of transfusion status. In summary, vamifeport prevented transfusion-mediated NTBI formation in Hbbth3/+ mice. When given alone or combined with blood transfusions, vamifeport also ameliorated anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis, and dysregulated iron homeostasis. Administering vamifeport together with repeated blood transfusions additively ameliorated anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis in this mouse model, providing preclinical proof-of-concept for the efficacy of combining vamifeport with blood transfusions in β-thalassemia.
Increasing Crop Yields with Partial Biologization of Production
Authors:   KubNIITiM, Yurina T.A. , Belik M.A. ,   KubNIITiM, Negreba O.N. ,   KubNIITiM, Ermakov A.A. ,   BioEraGrupp
Published: May 2023

The results of the use of biological preparations and complexes based on biohumus in the production of agricultural crops in conditions of unstable moisture in the Krasnodar Territory are presented. Schemes for the use of drugs in the partial biologization of production technologies for the cultivation of winter wheat, sunflower, corn for grain and soybeans with an assessment of yield, grain quality and additional profit are given.
Comparison of Fentanyl and Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant to Bupivacain and Lignocaine in Supraclavicular Brachialplexus Block for Upper Limb Surgeries
Authors: Rahman Md Mushfiqur , Hasan Mahbubul , Rahman M Khalilur , Chowdhury AKM Nurnobi
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims: The role of fentanyl as an adjuvant to regional blocks to hasten the onset of the local anesthetics or prolong their duration of action is proven. But recently, dexamethasone has been studied as an adjuvant to local anaesthetic in peripheral nerve block. The efficacy of dexamethasone compared to fentanyl as an adjuvant is not kn own. We aimed to compare the efficacy of dexamethasone versus fentanyl as an adjuvant to 0.5% Bupivacain with 2% lignocaine in infraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper limb surgeries.
Material And Methods: Sixty American Society of Anaesthesiologists-I and II patients aged 18-65 years scheduled for upper limb surgery were randomized to two groups . Group A (n = 30) received 0.25% Bupivacaine 28 ml+ 2% Lignocaine 10 ml+ Fentanyl 2 ml(100μgm) = total 40 ml & Group B (n = 30) received 0.25 % Bupivacaine 28 ml+ 2% Lignocaine 10 ml+ Dexamethsone 2 ml( 10mg) = total 40 ml . The time to onset and peak effect, duration of the block (sensory and motor) time of first analgesic requirement were recorded. Chi-square and ANOVA test were used for categorical and continuous variables respectively P < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The duration of sensory and motor block in group A and B were 520 .0± 33 min, 235.2 ± 34.8 min and 710.0 ± 66.4 min and 312.3 ± 40.9 min respectively.There was significant prolongation of sensory and motor block in group B as compared to group A (P < 0.5). Time to first analgesic requirement was significantly more in groups B as compared with group A (P < 0.5). Clinically significant complications were absent.
Conclusions: We conclude that dexamethasone is more efficacious than fentanyl as an adjuvant to 0.5% Bupivacain with 2% lignocaine in brachial plexus blocks.
JBSA 2016; 29(2): 62-66
Students’ perceptions on learning, motivation, and performance through project-based learning: undergraduate students’ case
Authors: Pradanti Paskalia , Muqtada Moh. Rikza
Published: May 2023

Project-based learning is an approach that is able to facilitate authentic learning. Authentic learning as an experiential process that prepares future educators can help the development of necessary teaching skills. Assessment of project-based learning is required to evaluate how it successfully promotes students’ learning. A survey was conducted to assess students’ perspectives on the implementation of project-based learning. Undergraduate students who enrolled in a mathematics learning strategy course at a faculty of teaching training at a university participated in the survey. Student samples responded to the questionnaire based on their video production assignment project experiences. The collected research data were then analyzed descriptively. Data analysis results suggested that project-based learning positively impacted students’ learning, motivation, and performance. As a result, future research and learning can investigate and implement project-based learning in greater depth.
Pedagogical science and education in persons, documents, bibliography: scientific and auxiliary bibliographical index
Authors: L.D. Berezivska , T.S. Pavlenko , N.M. Kropocheva , Kh.V. Sereda , O.A. Boyko
Published: May 2023

The bibliographical index presents the work of the scientific staff of the Department of Pedagogical Source Studies and Biographistics of V. O. Sukhomlynskyi SSEL of Ukraine based on the results of the scientific research "Pedagogical science and education in persons, documents, bibliography" (2020–2022). The publication is addressed to academic, scientific-pedagogical, pedagogical and library workers, educators, education seekers, and information service workers.
Female CEOs facing challenges during Covid-19 pandemic: Differences in family and non-family firms
Authors: Sveva Magnanelli Barbara , Ciaburri Mirella , Nasta Luigi , Tiscini Riccardo
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a disruptive unexpected event that hit firms worldwide. It is necessary starting to investigate on the features of the firms which better allowed companies to face and react to this critical situation. The present study aims at investigating as first whether firm performance is affected by the presence of a female CEO during unexpected critical events, and then by exploring the effects of being a family firm during a crisis period. Moreover, the study aims at exploring also the impact of having a female CEO in case the firm is a family one. In fact, given the rising importance of gender in top managerial levels, more research has been focusing on female leadership. However, still little research exists on female leadership in family firms. An empirical analysis was conducted on a sample of Italian listed firms over a three-year period (2018–2020), which means data were collected and analyzed through the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that female leadership during the pandemic has a positive effect on firm performance. Likewise, family firms are able to outperform non-family firms during the occurrence of an unexpected critical event.
Hepatocellular carcinoma prediction model performance decreases with long-term antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Wu Xiaoning , Xu Xiaoqian , Zhou Jialing , Sun Yameng , Ding Huiguo , Xie Wen , Chen Guofeng , Ma Anlin , Piao HongXin , Wang Bingqiong , Chen Shuyan , Meng Tongtong , Ou Xiaojuan , Yang Hwai-I , Jia Jidong , Kong Yuanyuan , You Hong
Published: May 2023

Background/Aims: Existing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prediction models are derived mainly from pretreatment or early on-treatment parameters. We reassessed the dynamic changes in the performance of 17 HCC models in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during long-term antiviral therapy (AVT).Methods: Among 987 CHB patients administered long-term entecavir therapy, 660 patients had 8 years of follow-up data. Model scores were calculated using on-treatment values at 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 years of AVT to predict threeyear HCC occurrence. Model performance was assessed with the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). The original model cutoffs to distinguish different levels of HCC risk were evaluated by the log-rank test.Results: The AUROCs of the 17 HCC models varied from 0.51 to 0.78 when using on-treatment scores from years 2.5 to 5. Models with a cirrhosis variable showed numerically higher AUROCs (pooled at 0.65–0.73 for treated, untreated, or mixed treatment models) than models without (treated or mixed models: 0.61–0.68; untreated models: 0.51–0.59). Stratification into low, intermediate, and high-risk levels using the original cutoff values could no longer reflect the true HCC incidence using scores after 3.5 years of AVT for models without cirrhosis and after 4 years of AVT for models with cirrhosis.Conclusions: The performance of existing HCC prediction models, especially models without the cirrhosis variable, decreased in CHB patients on long-term AVT. The optimization of existing models or the development of novel models for better HCC prediction during long-term AVT is warranted.
Death as Film-Philosophy’s Muse: Deleuzian Observations on Moving Images and the Nature of Time
Authors: Viegas Susana
Published: May 2023

This article explores the affinities between film and philosophy by returning to a shared meditation on death and the nature of time. Death has been considered the muse of philosophy and can also be considered the muse of film-philosophy. But what does it mean to say that to film-philosophise is to learn to die, or a kind of training for dying? Film is an artistic object that reminds us of death’s inevitability; it is a meditation on the transient and finite nature of time. Films as diverse as Mizoguchi’s Tales of Ugetsu, Resnais’s Hiroshima mon Amour, and Guzmán’s Nostalgia for the Light take an uncanny approach to the subject, expressing the paradoxical coexistence of life and death and of different temporal dimensions. This article explores the philosophical concept of the death-image and time through a Deleuzian approach to cinema, meditating on the flashback, the coexistence of the present and the past, and the emergence of a new type of Lazarean character – one who returns from the dead. The article aims to clarify not simply death’s unquestionable omnipresence in film but also cinema’s role as a contemporary version of the trope of memento mori.
High throughput screening system for engineered cardiac tissues
Authors: Ma Marshall S. , Sundaram Subramanian , Lou Lihua , Agarwal Arvind , Chen Christopher S. , Bifano Thomas G.
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Three dimensional engineered cardiac tissues (3D ECTs) have become indispensable as in vitro models to assess drug cardiotoxicity, a leading cause of failure in pharmaceutical development. A current bottleneck is the relatively low throughput of assays that measure spontaneous contractile forces exerted by millimeter-scale ECTs typically recorded through precise optical measurement of deflection of the polymer scaffolds that support them. The required resolution and speed limit the field of view to at most a few ECTs at a time using conventional imaging.

Methods: To balance the inherent tradeoff among imaging resolution, field of view and speed, an innovative mosaic imaging system was designed, built, and validated to sense contractile force of 3D ECTs seeded on a 96-well plate. Results: The system performance was validated through real-time, parallel contractile force monitoring for up to 3 weeks. Pilot drug testing was conducted using isoproterenol.

Discussion: The described tool increases contractile force sensing throughput to 96 samples per measurement; significantly reduces cost, time and labor needed for preclinical cardiotoxicity assay using 3D ECT. More broadly, our mosaicking approach is a general way to scale up image-based screening in multi-well formats.
Non-invasive rust detection of steel plates determined through interfacial modulus
Authors: Patel Dipen , Bhimavarapu Yagna Valkya Reddy , Jena Akash K. , Tadmor Rafael , Cai Tianxing
Published: May 2023

Initial methods to detect rust in pipelines have been conducted through invasive probes and sectioning off parts of the facility as the plant is running. These methods greatly increase the costs overall. The need for a feasible solution to this issue lies in the detection of rust formation through a non-invasive method. This study’s objective is to measure rust formation through droplet motion on the outer layer of pipelines. Multiple experiments are conducted using carbon steel sheets whose bottom layer has been exposed to acid for different durations of time. As rust formation in the metal is a voltaic phenomenon, it would mean that the acid corrosion of the bottom layer would adversely affect the top layer of the substrate. Consequentially, droplet motion and the droplet’s contour would change in different corrosive scenarios which we could then detect with novel parameters in our lab. One such parameter is the Interfacial Modulus (GS), which describes the initial resistance of the solid’s outer layer towards the liquid. We can understand this parameter with the aid of the novel device, known as the Centrifugal Adhesion Balance (CAB). As we cause the drop to slide across the substrate at constant normal force condition, we observe the difference in the contour of the drop as it slides across the substrate. The real-time change in contact angles at each edge of the drop, along with its change in external lateral force, causes a change in the GS values, which varies in different corrosive scenarios.
Contrasting life cycles of Southern Ocean pteropods alter their vulnerability to climate change
Authors: Gardner Jessie , Peck Victoria L. , Bakker Dorothee C. E. , Tarling Geraint A. , Manno Clara
Published: May 2023

Pteropods are a key part of biogeochemical cycling and epipelagic food webs in the Southern Ocean. However, shelled pteropods are vulnerable to climate change, due to their aragonite shells being particularly sensitive to ocean acidification. Currently our understanding of pteropod responses to environmental change is hindered by uncertainties surrounding their life cycles and population dynamics. In this study, we describe polar shelled pteropod diversity in the north-eastern Scotia Sea, inferring life history and population structures of the dominant pteropod species,Limacina rangii(formerlyLimacina helicina antarctica) andLimacina retroversa. An annual timeseries ofLimacinashell morphometrics was derived from individuals collected in a moored sediment trap at 400 m depth. We found thatL. rangiiandL. retroversahave contrasting life history strategies.L. rangiihas a continuous spawning and recruitment period from November to March and can overwinter as juveniles and adults.L. retroversahas discrete spawning events from November to May, producing non–overlapping cohorts of juveniles and adults. Their development to the adult stage takes between two and five months, upon which they overwinter as adults. Our findings suggest different vulnerabilities ofL. rangiiandL. retroversato a changing ocean. For example, since all life stages ofL. rangiico-exist, vulnerability of one cohort is not detrimental to the stability of the overall population whereas, if oneL. retroversacohort fails to recruit, the entire population is threatened. Changes in pteropod populations could have cascading ramifications to Antarctic ecosystems and carbon cycling.
Structural and biochemical elucidation of class I hybrid cluster protein natively extracted from a marine methanogenic archaeon
Authors: Lemaire Olivier N. , Belhamri Mélissa , Wagner Tristan
Published: May 2023

Whilst widespread in the microbial world, the hybrid cluster protein (HCP) has been paradoxically a long-time riddle for microbiologists. During three decades, numerous studies on a few model organisms unravelled its structure and dissected its metal-containing catalyst, but the physiological function of the enzyme remained elusive. Recent studies on bacteria point towards a nitric oxide reductase activity involved in resistance during nitrate and nitrite reduction as well as host infection. In this study, we isolated and characterised a naturally highly produced HCP class I from a marine methanogenic archaeon grown on ammonia. The crystal structures of the enzyme in a reduced and partially oxidised state, obtained at a resolution of 1.45 and 1.36-Å, respectively, offered a precise picture of the archaeal enzyme intimacy. There are striking similarities with the well-studied enzymes from Desulfovibrio species regarding sequence, kinetic parameters, structure, catalyst conformations, and internal channelling systems. The close phylogenetic relationship between the enzymes from Methanococcales and many Bacteria corroborates this similarity. Indeed, Methanococcales HCPs are closer to these bacterial homologues than to any other archaeal enzymes. The relatively high constitutive production of HCP in M. thermolithotrophicus, in the absence of a notable nitric oxide source, questions the physiological function of the enzyme in these ancient anaerobes.
Spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities: a systematic review
Authors: Botz Jonas , Lohner Valerie , Schirmer Markus D.
Published: May 2023

Background

White matter hyperintensities are an important marker of cerebral small vessel disease. This disease burden is commonly described as hyperintense areas in the cerebral white matter, as seen on T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging data. Studies have demonstrated associations with various cognitive impairments, neurological diseases, and neuropathologies, as well as clinical and risk factors, such as age, sex, and hypertension. Due to their heterogeneous appearance in location and size, studies have started to investigate spatial distributions and patterns, beyond summarizing this cerebrovascular disease burden in a single metric–its volume. Here, we review the evidence of association of white matter hyperintensity spatial patterns with its risk factors and clinical diagnoses.

Design/methods

We performed a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Statement. We used the standards for reporting vascular changes on neuroimaging criteria to construct a search string for literature search on PubMed. Studies written in English from the earliest records available until January 31st, 2023, were eligible for inclusion if they reported on spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin.

Results

A total of 380 studies were identified by the initial literature search, of which 41 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. These studies included cohorts based on mild cognitive impairment (15/41), Alzheimer’s disease (14/41), Dementia (5/41), Parkinson’s disease (3/41), and subjective cognitive decline (2/41). Additionally, 6 of 41 studies investigated cognitively normal, older cohorts, two of which were population-based, or other clinical findings such as acute ischemic stroke or reduced cardiac output. Cohorts ranged from 32 to 882 patients/participants [median cohort size 191.5 and 51.6% female (range: 17.9–81.3%)]. The studies included in this review have identified spatial heterogeneity of WMHs with various impairments, diseases, and pathologies as well as with sex and (cerebro)vascular risk factors.

Conclusion

The results show that studying white matter hyperintensities on a more granular level might give a deeper understanding of the underlying neuropathology and their effects. This motivates further studies examining the spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities.
Sympatric Pieris butterfly species exhibit a high conservation of chemoreceptors
Authors: Wang Qi , Dicke Marcel , Haverkamp Alexander
Published: May 2023

Sensory processes have often been argued to play a central role in the selection of ecological niches and in the formation of new species. Butterflies are among the best studied animal groups with regards to their evolutionary and behavioral ecology and thereby offer an attractive system to investigate the role of chemosensory genes in sympatric speciation. We focus on two Pieris butterflies with overlapping host-plant ranges: P. brassicae and P. rapae. Host-plant choice in lepidopterans is largely based on their olfactory and gustatory senses. Although the chemosensory responses of the two species have been well characterized at the behavioral and physiological levels, little is known about their chemoreceptor genes. Here, we compared the chemosensory genes of P. brassicae and P. rapae to investigate whether differences in these genes might have contributed to their evolutionary separation. We identified a total of 130 and 122 chemoreceptor genes in the P. brassicae genome and antennal transcriptome, respectively. Similarly, 133 and 124 chemoreceptors were identified in the P. rapae genome and antennal transcriptome. We found some chemoreceptors being differentially expressed in the antennal transcriptomes of the two species. The motifs and gene structures of chemoreceptors were compared between the two species. We show that paralogs share conserved motifs and orthologs have similar gene structures. Our study therefore found surprisingly few differences in the numbers, sequence identities and gene structures between the two species, indicating that the ecological differences between these two butterflies might be more related to a quantitative shift in the expression of orthologous genes than to the evolution of novel receptors as has been found in other insects. Our molecular data supplement the wealth of behavioral and ecological studies on these two species and will thereby help to better understand the role of chemoreceptor genes in the evolution of lepidopterans.
Efficacy and safety of antibiotic agents in the treatment of rosacea: a systemic network meta-analysis
Authors: Xiao Wenqin , Chen Mengting , Wang Ben , Huang Yingxue , Zhao Zhixiang , Deng Zhili , Xie Hongfu , Li Ji , Tang Yan
Published: May 2023

Background: Antibiotics are considered the backbone of rosacea management, especially for controlling inflammatory papules and pustules. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of varied prescriptions and doses of antibiotics in treating rosacea by network meta-analysis.

Methods: In this study, we compared all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have studied systemic and topical antibiotics and placebo in rosacea therapy. We searched databases such as the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and LILACS for published and unpublished RCTs on ClinicalTrials.gov before April 2023. The primary outcome was the improvement of the Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) scores, and the secondary outcomes consisted of the improvement of the Patient's Global Assessment (PaGA) scores, Clinician's Erythema Assessment (CEA) scores, and adverse events (AEs). We used Bayesian random effects models for multiple treatment comparisons.

Results: We identified 1,703 results through these databases. Thirty-one randomized trials with 8,226 patients were included. The heterogeneity and inconsistency between the trials were low, with a low risk of bias of all trials. Oral doxycycline 40 mg, minocycline 100 mg, and minocycline 40 mg, as well as topical ivermectin and metronidazole 0.75%, were effective in treating papules and pustules, thereby decreasing IGA in rosacea. Among these, minocycline 100 mg ranked top in efficacy. As for improving the PaGA scores, topical ivermectin, metronidazole 1%, and systemic oxytetracycline were effective, of which oxytetracycline worked the best. Both doxycycline 40 mg and metronidazole 0.75% presented no therapeutic effect for erythema. Considering the safety of the agents, systemic application of azithromycin and doxycycline 100 mg significantly increase the risk of AEs.

Conclusion: Our review suggests that a high dosage of systemic minocycline is the most effective in treating rosacea phenotypes with papules and pustules with a low risk of AEs. However, there were no sufficient evidence-based data in exploring the influence of antibiotics on erythema. The phenotype of rosacea should be taken into consideration along with benefit and safety when making prescriptions due to AEs.

Clinical Trial Registration: NCT(2016): http://cochranelibrary-wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/962/CN-01506962/frame.html NCT(2017): http://cochranelibrary-wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/764/CN-01565764/frame.html
Identification of the informational and supportive needs of patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease: a scoping review
Authors: Norouzkhani Narges , Faramarzi Mahbobeh , Ghodousi Moghadam Sara , Karimi Mohammad Amin , Shokri Shirvani Javad , Bahari Ali , ShojaeiBaghini Mahdie , Eslami Saeid , Tabesh Hamed
Published: May 2023

Background

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) affects the quality of life. Patient education and support needs are crucial components of comprehensive chronic illness care. The main purposes of this review were to (i) explore the informational and supportive needs of these patients to improve the quality of life in the existing literature and (ii) identify the gaps related to the needs of the patients in articles.

Methods

The scoping review is based on the Daudt methodological framework, a modified version of Arksey and O'Malley. Electronic databases were extensively searched from January 01, 2000 to April 30, 2022. Four electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, APA PsycArticles, and ProQuest) were searched using controlled vocabulary, and specific keywords. The searched terms were matched to each database. We manually searched two key journals, namely the Journal of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.

Results

In the review, 75 studies on the assessment of the information and support needs of patients with IBD were reviewed. In this regard, 62 and 53 studies were regarding information needs and support needs, respectively. Most of the information needs of patients with IBD reported in the studies were related to diet needs, and educational needs were the most essential support needs.

Conclusions

Health policymakers and managers can develop care and educational programs related to this disease in health centers according to the needs of the patients. Health professionals, especially gastroenterologists, are the primary referral sources for information on patients. Therefore, gastroenterologists can take the lead in planning and educating the patients and sharing their decisions.

Systematic review registration

OSF, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/3MWGJ.
RACS2: a framework of a remote autonomous control system for telescope observation and its application
Authors: Wang Zhi-Yue , Zhang Guang-Yu , Wang Jian , Geng Zhe , Zhu Ze-Yu , Jia Ming-Hao , Zhang Qian , Zheng Zhen-Hao , Ge Kun , Gu Jia-Yao , Zhu Lu-Cheng , Zhang Hong-Fei
Published: May 2023

With the increasing demand for astronomical observations, telescope systems are becoming increasingly complex. Thus, the observatory control software needs to be more intelligent. It has to control each instrument inside the observatory, finish the observational tasks autonomously, and report the information to users if needed. We developed a distributed autonomous observatory control framework named the Remote Autonomous Control System 2nd (RACS2) to meet these requirements. Rich features are integrated into the RACS2 framework. The RACS2 is a modular framework, in which each device control software and system services are implemented as different components. Furthermore, the RACS2 framework assimilates new techniques, such as a lightweight message and serialization mechanism. RACS2 also has good compatibility with other frameworks or ecosystems such as Python and the EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System). The RACS2 framework can communicate with EPICS-based and Python-based software. With the help of these features, key system components like executor, scheduler are developed. The executor component can support sophisticated tasks. Autonomous observation can be achieved by the scheduler component. A set of web-based graphical user interface (GUI) is designed to help control and manage the framework remotely. Based on the RACS2 framework, we have implemented the Dome A Twins (DATs) telescope’s observation system and the space object observation system. The systems have been operated for more than 1 year. The RACS2 framework also has been used in our other projects like camera control system of Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST) and its observatory control system, and the design can be a useful reference for the development of other frameworks.
Modal Analysis and Flight Validation of Compound Multi-Body Aircraft
Authors: Zhu Entong , Zhou Zhou , Li Huida
Published: May 2023

The flight dynamics of a compound aircraft are highly coupled and significantly different from those of a single aircraft. In this paper, the characteristic flight dynamics of a three-unit connected aircraft are analyzed in detail. By distinguishing the aircraft’s modes into a symmetric mode group and an asymmetric mode group, the mechanisms by which the relative roll modes of the compound aircraft significantly impact the rigid-body modes of the vehicle become clear. The trim configuration of a compound aircraft has a profound influence on its stability and flight modes. In addition, the relative roll modes can be separated from the full-state model by appropriate simplifications, and the modal coupling mechanism and evolution law can be analytically derived. The key parameters which have a significant influence on the trim configuration and flight modes of the aircraft are pointed out in this paper. Finally, the common failure modes of compound aircraft are identified. A flight experiment with test data verifies the correctness of the above theoretical analysis.
Helminth Control as a Part of Animal Welfare Measure Protocol in Grazing Cattle in Slovenia
Authors: Podpečan Ožbalt , Hajdinjak Melita , Posedi Janez
Published: May 2023

The national regulation on animal welfare measure under the Rural Development Programme 2014–2022 identified grazing and helminth control as important measures to improve the welfare of cattle in Slovenia. The aim of the study was to evaluate these measures in terms of improving animal welfare and helminth control. Compositional fecal samples for coprological analysis were collected in the region of central Slovenia. Samples were qualitatively analysed for the presence of endoparasites using the flotation and sedimentation methods. During a seven-year period, 4480 compositional fecal samples were collected from cattle herds in the central Slovenia. In all seven years, the most prevalent helminths at the cattle herd level were Strongylida (ranging from 45.49% to 74.22%) and Paramphistomum sp. (ranging from 21.12% to 28.46%). After the treatments against helminths in grazing cattle, the prevalence of positive herds decreased from 83.63% to 63.64%. The calculated cross-correlation values showed significant positive association of the percentage of helminth-positive cattle herds with the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica (0.975), Nematodirus sp. (0.859), Strongylida (0.986), Strongyloides sp. (0.879) and Trichuris sp. (0.835). Hence, the efficient helminth control and improved animal welfare, as well as financial support of 53.40 EUR per livestock unit, contributed to a positive outcome of the programme.
Development of Forensically Important Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and Intra-Puparial Age Estimation Utilizing Multiple Methods at Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures
Authors: Shang Yanjie , Yang Fengqin , Ngando Fernand Jocelin , Zhang Xiangyan , Feng Yakai , Ren Lipin , Guo Yadong
Published: May 2023

Sarcophaga peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) has the potential to estimate the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin). Development data and intra-puparial age estimation are significant for PMImin estimation. Previous research has focused on constant temperatures, although fluctuating temperatures are a more real scenario at a crime scene. The current study examined the growth patterns of S. peregrina under constant (25.75 °C) and fluctuating temperatures (18–36 °C; 22–30 °C). Furthermore, differentially expressed genes, attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and cuticular hydrocarbons of S. peregrina during the intra-puparial period were used to estimate age. The results indicated that S. peregrina at fluctuating temperatures took longer to develop and had a lower pupariation rate, eclosion rate, and pupal weight than the group at constant temperatures did. Moreover, we found that six DEG expression profiles and ATR-FTIR technology, CHCs detection methods, and chemometrics can potentially estimate the intra-puparial age of S. peregrina at both constant and fluctuating temperatures. The findings of the study support the use of S. peregrina for PMImin estimation and encourage the use of entomological evidence in forensic practice.