bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Introduction to Object Recognition
Authors: Liter Jeffrey C. , Bülthoff Heinrich H.
Published: August 2018

In this report we present a general introduction to object recognition. We begin with brief discussions of the terminology used in the object recognition literature and the psychophysi­ cal tasks that are used to investigate object recognition. We then discuss models of shape representation. We dispense with the idea that shape representations are like the 3-D models used in computer aided design and explore instead models of shape representation that are based on feature descriptions. As these descriptions encode only the features that are visible from a particular viewpoint, they are generally viewpoint-specific. We discuss various means of achieving viewpoint-invariant recognition using such descriptions, including reliance on diagnostic features visible from a wide range of viewpoints, storage of multiple descriptions for each object, and the use of transformation mechanisms. Finally, we discuss how differ­ences in viewpoint dependence that are often observed for within-category and between-category recognition tasks could be due to differences in the types of features that are natu­rally available to distinguish among different objects in these tasks.
Motion Segmentation in Artificial and Biological Systems
Authors: Gillner Walter J.
Published: August 2018

In the early steps of visual information processing motion is one of the most important queues for the development of spatial representations. Obstacle detection and egomotion estimation are only two examples of the powerfulness of visual motion detection systems. The underlying process of information extraction has to be active due to the observer’s capabilities of egomotion. This means that the observer’s motion has an impact on the pro­jected retinal motion field. Therefore one of the challenging tasks for biological as well as for technical vision systems is to couple retinal motion and egomotion and to uncouple egomotion and object motion. The following sections describe a model that couples visual motion processing with the egomotion parameters of a moving observer. Beneath a theoreti­cal introduction of the model an application to traffic scene analysis is presented. A t last the paper relates the model to biological motion processing systems.
Emergence and the Cognitive Neuroscience Approach to Psychiatry
Authors: Walter Henrik
Published: August 2018

In this paper, I introduce the philosophical notion of strong emergence and argue that it is almost exclusively applied to properties related to (conscious) subjective experience. Con­trary to the still common attitude of refraining anxiously from these topics, I argue that we have a promising scientific approach to them: the cognitive neurosciences. I list a spectrum of interesting, potentially strongly emergent properties already investigated, and discuss the example of volition in more detail. Psychiatric disorders, like antisocial personality disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive compulsive disorder, open new ways for understanding aspects of volition such as willed action, decision making, and agency. I conclude that the notion of strong emergence is only a preliminary label which, however, might be understood as a challenge for empirical scientists to explain and understand phenomena related to subjectivity and consciousness.
Metabolism of the Phytoalexin Rishitin by Gibberella pulicaris Is Highly Reduced in Liquid Culture
Authors: Weltring Klaus-M. , Altenburger Martin
Published: August 2018

Gibberella pulicaris is a causal agent of potato dry rot. The fungus is able to metabolize the potato phytoalexin rishitin, a trait which is possibly associated with virulence against potato tubers. Metabolism of the plant defence compound on agar medium is completed within 24 h. In contrast, incubations in various liquid media and buffers highly reduced degradation of rishitin with a maximal reduction of substrate down to 30% of the initial concentration within five days. The structurally related sesquiterpene lubimin was degraded completely within 12 hr in all tested liquid media. Our data suggest that rishitin metabolism is under an unusual genetic control requiring growth on a solid surface for efficient metabolism.
Antiviral Activity of Cholesteryl Esters of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Galabov Angel S. , Nikolaeva Lubomira , Todorova Daniela , Milkova Tsenka
Published: August 2018

Cholesteryl 3”,4”-dimethoxycinnamate (7) and a new synthesized o-coumaroyl ester of 3β- (2’-hydroxyethoxy)-cholest-5-en (13) exhibited a marked activity against poliovirus type 1 (Mahoney). Compound 7 showed an approximately 20-fold greater selectivity in its antiviral activity than compound 13. These compounds were selected from thirteen steryl esters of cinnamic acid derivatives through an in vitro antiviral screening against viruses belonging to taxonomic groups with causative agents of important human infectious diseases to which chemotherapy is indicated, i.e. Picornaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae and Herpesviridae.
Purification and Some Properties of an Oxydative Inhibitor in Rabbit Reticulocyte Lysates
Authors: Erdogdu G. , Dholakia J. N. , Wahbac A. J.
Published: August 2018

Protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates in the presence of heme is inhibited by 50% by the addition of 4 mᴍ GSSG (oxidized glutathione). The incubation of the rabbit reticulocyte lysate with 4 mᴍ GSSG at 30 °C for 30 min will cause activation of an inhibitor of protein synthesis which could be purified from the lysates through a five-step procedure. The inhibitor results in a 70-80% inhibition after a 1 h incubation. The inhibitor consists of one polypeptide of 23 kDa apparent molecular weight and is 90% pure as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, in the presence of cAMP (10 mᴍ) or GEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor) (0.3 μg), protein synthesis in the inhibited reticulocyte lysate will be already recovered.
Melatonin in the Testis of the Cabbage Armyworm, Mamestra brassicae
Authors: Shimizu Toshiaki , Takeda Naokuni
Published: August 2018

N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine (melatonin; MEL) was detected in the testis of non-diapausing pupae and in the testis of post-diapause pharate adults of the cabbage armyworm, Mamestra brassicae, by use of a threedimensional HPLC system with multiple coulometric electrochemical detectors.

Intermediates providing evidence of various metabolic pathways were identified, as follows: tryptophan (TRP) → 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) → 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) → N-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (N-MET)

↳5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)

↳N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (N-ACET-5-HT)

↳melatonin (MEL).

The possible physiological roles of melatonin in the testis of both diapausing and non-diapausing pupae are discussed.
The First Biflavone Found in Liverworts and Other Phenolics and Terpenoids from Chandonanthus hirtellus ssp. giganteus and Plagiochila asplenioides
Authors: Kraut Ludwig , Mues Rüdiger
Published: August 2018

A biflavone was isolated from a liverwort (Chandonanthus hirtellus ssp. giganteus) for the first time. Its structure was determined as dicranolomin. Moreover luteolin and the new compound vanillic acid-4-O-neohesperidoside were identified from this Chandonanthus species. From Plagiochila asplenioides we isolated the new sesquiterpenoid (-)-gymnomitr-8(12)-en-9β-ol with chair conformation of the cyclohexane ring together with plagiochiline P and the diterpenoid anadensin, both new to this liverwort
Rosmarinic Acid and Other Phenolic Acids in Hairy Roots of Hyssopus officinalis
Authors: Kochan Ewa , Wysokinska Halina , Chmiel Aleksander , Grabias Barbara
Published: August 2018

Hairy roots of Hyssopus officinalis L. were induced by infection of petioles with Agrobacte­rium rhizogenes LBA 9402 and studied for production of phenolic acids, especially rosmarinic acid (RA). The highest content of rosmarinic acid (about 6 % of dry weight) was obtained in hairy roots grown in Gamborg’s B5 liquid medium containing 10% (w/v) sucrose. The level was at least 60% higher than those found in callus, cell suspension culture and roots of one-year-old field grow n plants. Apart from RA , nine other phenolic acids were detected in transformed roots and quantified by gas chromatography
The Effect of the Herbicide Glufosinate (BASTA) on Astaxanthin Accumulation in the Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis
Authors: Aflalo Claude , Bing Wang , Zarka Aliza , Boussiba Sammy
Published: August 2018

The addition of 2.5 mᴍ glufosinate ammonium (BASTA), a well known plant killer, to Haematococcus pluvialis culture efficiently inhibits cell growth, blocks the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) and induces astaxanthin accumulation. Conversely, methionine-S-sulfoximine (MSX), a well known GS inhibitor, had no effect on neither these parameters. When GS activity was tested in vitro, MSX inhibited the activity at high concentrations (mᴍ), while glufosinate was effective in the μm range. We have found that in the presence of glufosinate, ammonia is excreted from the cells. Therefore, we suggest that this process enables Haematococcus cells to escape the potentially harmful effect of glufosinate. As a consequence of the inability to assimilate nitrogen, astaxanthin is accumulated. This situation resembles the response of Haematococcus cells to nitrogen starvation
Anticandidial Effect of Phenylbutene Derivatives and Their Interaction with Ergosterol
Authors: Tabakova Svoboda , Manolov Iliya , Kantardjiev Todor , Mateev Grisha , Stoichkov Konstantin , Braykova Anna , Vakhan Victoria , Golovinsky Evgeny
Published: August 2018

This paper reports the effect of phenylbut-3-en-2-one, of its analogues, bearing 3-nitro, 4-nitro, 4-chloro- and 4-dimethylamino substituents at the phenyl moiety, and of the hydrazide, phenylhydrazide and oxime of 4-nitrophenylbut-3-en-2-one on the growth and germ-tube formation of Candida spp., as well as their ability to interact with ergosterol in water/dimethylformamide (DMF) solution and their acute toxicity for mice. 3-Nitro-, 4-nitro- and 4-chlorophenylbut-3-en-2-ones inhibit candidial growth in vitro in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to >0.4 mᴍ and their activity is comparable to that of ketoconazole (in mg/l) and lower than that of amphotericin B. The rest of the compounds are inactive at >0.4 mᴍ. Germ-tube formation of C.albicans is inhibited at 0.04 mᴍ 4-nitrophenylbut-3-en-2-one and at 0.005 mᴍ of the 3-nitro isomer. A decrease in the absorption maxima in ergosterol mixtures with 4-dimethylamino, 3-nitrophenylbut-3-en-2-one and the oxime of the 4-nitrophenylbut-3-en-2-one was observed, indicative of interaction in water/DMF solutions, while no changes in the UV spectra of the remaining compounds were detectable. That suggests that the growth inhibiting effect is not in correlation with their ability to interact with ergosterol, despite the resemblance to polyenes. LD50 for mice is 367 mg/kg for 4-nitrophenylbut-3-en-2-one and 398 mg/ kg for the 3-nitro isomer
Structural Variety of Copper(II)-Peroxide Adducts and Its Relevance to DNA Cleavage
Authors: Nishino Satoshi , Kobayashi Teruyuki , Kunita Mami , Ito Sayo , Nishida Yuzo
Published: August 2018

The reactivity of copper(II) compounds with several tetradentate ligands towards some spin-trapping reagents was studied in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The compounds used in this study are roughly divided into two groups based on the reactivity towards 2 ,2 ,6 ,6 -tetramethyl-4-piperidinol(and also 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone), which are trapping agents for singlet oxygen, 1O2 (1Δg); The A-group compounds exhibited a high activity to form the corresponding nitrone radical, which was detected by ESR spectroscopy, but corresponding activity of the B-group compounds was very low. The A-group compounds defined as above exhibited high activity for cleavage of DNA(supercoiled Form I) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, yielding DNA Form II (relaxed circular) or Form III (linear duplex) under our experimental conditions ([Cu(II)]=0.1~0.5 mᴍ). On the other hand, the B-group compounds effected complete degradation of the DNA (double-strand scission) under the same experimental conditions, formation of Form II or Form III DNA was negligible. Two different DNA cleavage patterns observed for A-and B-group compounds were elucidated by the different structural property of the copper(II)-peroxide adducts, which is controlled by the interaction through both DNA and the peripheral group of the ligand system
Effects of Watersoluble Boron and Aluminium Compounds on the Synthesis of Flavanols in Grape Vine Callus
Authors: Feucht Walter , Treutter Dieter , Bengsch Eberhard , Polster Jürgen
Published: August 2018

Internode explants of grape vine were used to produce proliferating callus cells in vitro. The tissues were grown on a modified M/S -medium supplemented with different concentra­tions of boron (H3BO3) in the range of 0 to 600 μᴍ and aluminium (AlCl3) in the range of 0 to 85 μᴍ . With increasing concentrations of boron the content of the following flavanols declined: procyanidin B3 (catech in -(4α → 8) catechin), procyanidin B1 (epicatechin-(4β → 8) catechin), procyanidin B2 (epicatechin-(4β→8) epicatechin), and B2 -3 -O -gallate , cate­chin and epicatechin. ECG (epicatechingallate) showed increased values in dependance on boron supply. Procyanidin B5 (epicatechin-(4β → 6)-epicatechin) showed an indifferent behaviour. In the case of aluminium the concentrations of flavanols were generally increased up to a maximum of 46% with the exception of ECG and B5 where no significant change was observed. While the total sum of flavanols was decreased by boron up to about 30% in comparison to the control (no boron addition) the content of flavanols was basically increased by aluminium up to about 25% . We conclude that the addition of watersoluble boron and aluminium compounds to the culture can significantly modify the synthesis of special monomeric and oligomeric flavanols.
A New Flavone O-Glycoside and Other Constituents from Wheat Leaves (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Harder Lene H. , Christensen Lars P.
Published: August 2018

From leaves of Triticum aestivum a new O-glycosylflavone has been isolated together with chlorogenic acid and its 3′-methyl ether and 6 C-glycosylflavones. The structure of the new flavonoid was determined by 1D and 2D NMR techniques and other spectral evidence as 5,7-dihydroxy-3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyflavone-7-O-β-rutinoside.
Capacity of Enzymes of the Euphorbiacea Aleurites montana Involved in CO2- Fixation, Compared to Plants Having C3-, C4- and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
Authors: Grotjohann Norbert , He Ping , Schmid Georg H.
Published: August 2018

Capacities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP-Co), ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco), NADP+ malic enzyme (ME) and of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were measured in the Euphorbiacea Aleurites montana, grown under 700 ppm CO2 for four weeks prior to enzyme extraction. For comparison Bryophyllum daigremontiana (CAM), Saccharum officinarum (C4) and Capsicum frutescens (C3) were treated in the same way. PEP-Co capacity of Aleurites was in the range of 12-, that of Capsicum approx. 26 nmol × min-1 × mg protein-1, without significant influence of the light period or CO2-treatment. In contrast, the activity of the enzyme from Saccharum was. depending on the duration of light, 160- respectively 96 times higher than that of the tung-oil tree. In Bryophyllum a rather low activity in the morning was increased during the day to approx. 230 nmol × min-1 × mg protein-1 in plants grown in the greenhouse and to approx. 115 nmol × min-1 × mg protein-1 in those from the growth chamber. Malate was hardly detectable in extracts of Aleurites, whereas it was high in Bryophyllum, depending on the light period. The ratio of average PEP-Co to Rub-Co capacity was high for the CAM-plant (20:1), somewhat lower for sugar cane (10:1), but almost at equality for Aleurites (0.9:1) and chilli (0.8:1). For the NADP+ malic enzyme, low capacity (20 to 28 nmol x min-1 × mg protein-1) was found for Aleurites and for Capsicum, whereas it was 10 to 17 times higher in Saccharum. In Bryophyllum, the activity was up to 80 nmol × min-1 × mg protein , dependent on light period. MDH capacity was extremely high in all plants investigated. Highest rates (10-20 μmol × min-1 × mg protein-1), were obtained for Bryophyllum, followed by sugar cane and Capsicum with 5 -8 μmol × min-1 x mg protein-1. Again, the lowest capacity was found in extracts of Aleurites with approx. 1.3 to 1.6 μmol × min-1 × m protein-1. Thus, in Aleurites montana no indication for C4
- or Crassulacean acid metabolism was obtained. Therefore, the earlier observed very efficient uptake of CO2 cannot be explained by a high expression of the PEP-Co protein, known to occur in CAM- and C4
-plants.
Phytochemical Analysis of Phillyrea latifolia L., a New Source of Oleuropeoside
Authors: Carretero Cristina Recuero , Díaz Lanza Ana M. , Matellano Lidia Fernández , Sánchezb Angel Rumbero , Castillo Lucinda Villaescusa
Published: August 2018

As a part of our studies on the biologically active substances from Spanish plants, we have undertaken an investigation of the chemical constituents of a typical mediterranean species, Phillyrea latifolia L. (Oleaceae). Two secoiridoid glycosides, three phenylpropanoid glycosides, one lignane and two triterpenic acids were isolated from the leaves of this species and identified. The phytochemical analysis of the aerial parts of P. latifolia revealed that it is a rich source of oleuropeoside.
Wavelength Shifts Correlation between Near Infrared and Ultraviolet Regions of the LHII Bacteriochlorophyll Spectrum from Ectothiorhodospira sp.
Authors: Buche André
Published: August 2018

Bacteriochlorophyll a has a maximum at 258 nm previously related to the ring E ester system interacting with the π-system of the macrocycle. In this work, we compared the effect of lauryldimethylamine-N-oxide (LDAO) and alkaline pH on both the near infrared and the ultraviolet region of the LHII spectrum from Ectothiorhodospira sp. While LDAO induces only a shift of the 850 nm band arising from the Qy transition of the bacteriochlorophyll a, alkaline pH also causes a concomitant and reversible 10-nm shift from 258 to 248 nm. Both shifts have similar apparent pKs (12.3 and 12.6, respectively). Interestingly, the presence of NaCl reduces these pKs values to 11.4 and 11.7.
Organometallics and Quaternary Ammonium Salts Affect Calcium Ion Desorption from Lecithin Liposome Membranes
Authors: Krai Teresa E. , Kuczera Janina , Przestalski Stanisław
Published: August 2018

The objective of the present work was to compare the effects of groups of tin and lead organometallic compounds and their mixtures with amphiphilic quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) on the process of calcium ion desorption from lecithin liposome membranes, as dependent on the properties of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of QAS. In the investigations the method of radioactive labels was applied. Synergism and antagonism in the action of both groups of compounds were found. The effectiveness of the cooperation depended more on chain length of QAS compounds than on the size and polarity of their hydrophobic parts. The most effective of all compounds studied was a the mixture of benzyldimethylammonium chloride in a mixture with tripropyltin. Since the rate of calcium desorption proved to be a good measure of efficacy of biologically active surfactants, it seems that the conclusions reached in this paper may be useful for choosing compounds which are able to decontaminate the environment polluted with heavy metals.
Penaeus monodon (Tiger Shrimp) Hemocyanin: Subunit Composition and Thermostability
Authors: Stoeva Stanka , Idakieva Krassimira , Georgieva Dessislava Nikolova , Voelter Wolfgang , Genov Nicolay
Published: August 2018

Penaeus monodon (class Crustacea, order Decapoda) is one of the largest shrimps of the Penaeidea family from the Indo - West Pacific region. The dioxygen-transporting protein hemocyanin, isolated from the hemolymph of this invertebrate, is composed of three 75 -76 kDa structural/functional subunits designated as Pm1, Pm2 and Pm3. The N-terminal sequences of the chains were determined and compared with those of other decapodan hemocyanin subunits. Pm2 and Pm3 are highly homologous and electrophoretically undistinguishable polypeptides. In comparison to Pm1, they have an extension of six residues. Pm1 is closely related to the subunit Pv2 of the Penaeus vannamei hemocyanin. Probably, subunits like Pm1 and Pv2 are family-specific for the Penaeidea hemocyanins and the other subunits are speciesspecific. Comparison of N-terminal sequences of respiratory proteins from the sub-orders Natantia and Reptantia demonstrated family- and sub-order-specific sequences.

A melting point of 69 °C, lower than those for the di-hexameric decapodan hemocyanins, was determined from the temperature dependence of ellipticity of the mono-hexameric Penaeus monodon hemocyanin. Thermostability of decapodan hemocyanins depends on their aggregation state.
La estatua de sal, de Salvador Novo. Urbanismo e identidad homosexual en la ciudad de México, 1917-1921
Authors: Gutiérrez León Guillermo , Guadarrama Alejandro
Published: August 2018

Salvador Novo (1904-1974), en su autobiografía La estatua de sal (1998) plasmó el acontecer de la vida homosexual en la ciudad de México en el período que abarca de 1917 a 1921. En este trabajo se pretende, en base a la narración de Novo, hacer un análisis de cómo, a pesar de ser una conducta transgresora, el homoerotismo era una práctica bastante extendida en los diferentes estratos sociales. La ciudad de México, no sólo se presenta como escenario, los espacios públicos y privados son donde las acciones se desarrollan; su papel es protagónico en la novela. De ahí que también se analice cómo el urbanismo determina y condiciona la construcción de la identidad homosexual. Así vemos que el homosexual se convierte en agente de la inestabilidad en la estructuración de la red de relaciones sociales, y participa en la reconfiguración de los lugares de una ciudad.
Los nuevos retos del viejo género de la crítica biográfica: el caso de Augusto Monterroso
Authors: Lámbarry Alejandro
Published: August 2018

El género de la crítica biográfica ha logrado reposicionarse en el espacio de convergencia entre las ciencias sociales y la literatura, con una metodología interdisciplinaria rigurosa que obedece a los criterios de veracidad de la historia. En este artículo nos interesa, primero, exponer los postulados teóricos de la nueva crítica biográfica; y segundo, desarrollar algunas conclusiones sobre la vida y obra de Augusto Monterroso, resultado de una investigación de archivo (en la Universidad de Princeton y Oviedo) de fuentes orales, bibliográficas y hemerográficas. Nuestro objetivo es asentar la importancia de la crítica biográfica (en teoría y práctica) para la crítica literaria hispanoamericana.
A Laboratory Activity to Engage College Students in Habitat Suitability Analysis to Teach Conservation, Ecology, and Evolution
Authors: Stomberg Janet F. , Walder Morgan R. , Darner Rebekka
Published: August 2018

Solving conservation problems requires students to apply their knowledge of ecology and evolution. We present the Endangered Species Conservation through Habitat Suitability Analysis Laboratory Activity, in which students perform habitat suitability analyses for endangered freshwater species, compelling application of ecological and evolutionary principles. Students gather natural history information for endangered species native to Illinois, synthesize publicly available GIS/map data and habitat requirements for an endangered species, and present evidence-based proposals identifying geographical regions that should be set aside for protection. Students discuss current freshwater conservation issues and develop conceptual understanding of evolution, ecology, and conservation principles and processes. Students are prompted to consider human inclusion in freshwater ecosystems and its consequences. This laboratory investigation is effective in highlighting naïve conceptions of ecology, evolution, and conservation because students are prompted to provide rationale for their management decisions and engage in scientific discourse as they conduct their habitat suitability analyses.
Financial Transformation in South Korea
Authors: Kang Myung-Koo
Published: August 2018

This paper addresses why and how South Korea’s financial system has diverged drastically from the Japanese model since the early 1980s and has turned to the US model, which is often regarded as a more market-oriented financial system. The paper traces the rise of American-trained Korean economists in the Economic Planning Board and their collaboration with other such economists in public and private economic institutes and academia.
Flexible Governance in China
Authors: Hu Jieren , Wu Tong , Fei Jingyan
Published: August 2018

This article finds that the innovative practice of involving social workers in settling petition disputes in Shanghai is a kind of “flexible governance” stressing affective care and multi-pronged means of dispute resolution to relieve petition pressures and maintain social stability in the authoritarian state.
Taiwan’s Defense under the Tsai Administration
Authors: Wu Shang-su
Published: August 2018

The Tsai Ing-wen administration of Taiwan has taken a different approach in various defense policies compared to its predecessor. Several military build-up projects are aimed at strengthening Taiwan’s defense in the context of China’s rising military power, but they are unlikely to significantly ameliorate the island’s inferior military status, due to several vulnerabilities.
Circulating MIR148A associates with sensitivity to adiponectin levels in human metabolic surgery for weight loss
Authors: Ariza-Nieto Magnolia , Alley Joshua B , Samy Sanjay , Fitzgerald Laura , Vermeylen Francoise , Shuler Michael L , Alemán José O
Published: August 2018

Objective

We sought to discover secreted biomarkers to monitor the recovery of physiological adiponectin levels with metabolic surgery, focusing on epigenetic changes that might predict adiponectin function.

Design

We conducted a prospective observational study of patients undergoing metabolic surgery by Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) for weight loss in a single center (IRB GHS # 1207-27).

Methods

All patients (n = 33; 27 females; 6 males) signed informed consent. Metabolites, adiponectin and MIR148A were measured in fasting plasma. We followed MIQE for transcript profiles.

Results

Patients lost on average 47 ± 12% excess BMI (%EBMI) after 12 weeks. Adiponectin pre, post or delta (post minus pre) did not correlate with %EBMIL. A decrease in adiponectin following weight loss surgery was observed in a subset of patients, chi-square test of independence rejects the null hypotheses that the liver DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and delta adiponectin are independent (chi-square statistics χ2 = 6.9205, P = 0.00852, n = 33), as well as MIR148A and delta adiponectin are independent (chi-square statistics χ2 = 9.6823, P = 0.00186, n = 33). The presence of plasma MIR148A allows identification of patients that appear to be adiponectin insensitive at baseline.

Conclusion

We combined the presence of plasma MIR148A, the concentration of total adiponectin and the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in liver biopsy tissue to identify patients with non-physiological adiponectin. Weight loss and physical activity interventions complemented with the new method presented here could serve to monitor the physiological levels of adiponectin, thought to be important for long-term weight loss maintenance.
Uncovering Natural Longevity Alleles from Intercrossed Pools of Aging Fission Yeast Cells
Authors: Ellis David A , Mustonen Ville , Rodríguez-López María , Rallis Charalampos , Malecki Michał , Jeffares Daniel C , Bähler Jürg
Published: August 2018

Chronological lifespan of non-dividing yeast cells is a quantitative trait that reflects cellular aging. By monitoring allele frequencies in aging segregant pools, Ellis et al. uncover regulatory variants in the 5'-untranslated regions of two genes...

Quantitative traits often show large variation caused by multiple genetic factors . One such trait is the chronological lifespan of non-dividing yeast cells, serving as a model for cellular aging. Screens for genetic factors involved in aging typically assay mutants of protein-coding genes. To identify natural genetic variants contributing to cellular aging, we exploited two strains of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, that differ in chronological lifespan. We generated segregant pools from these strains and subjected them to advanced intercrossing over multiple generations to break up linkage groups. We chronologically aged the intercrossed segregant pool, followed by genome sequencing at different times to detect genetic variants that became reproducibly enriched as a function of age. A region on Chromosome II showed strong positive selection during aging. Based on expected functions, two candidate variants from this region in the long-lived strain were most promising to be causal: small insertions and deletions in the 5′-untranslated regions of ppk31 and SPBC409.08. Ppk31 is an ortholog of Rim15, a conserved kinase controlling cell proliferation in response to nutrients, while SPBC409.08 is a predicted spermine transmembrane transporter. Both Rim15 and the spermine-precursor, spermidine, are implicated in aging as they are involved in autophagy-dependent lifespan extension. Single and double allele replacement suggests that both variants, alone or combined, have subtle effects on cellular longevity. Furthermore, deletion mutants of both ppk31 and SPBC409.08 rescued growth defects caused by spermidine. We propose that Ppk31 and SPBC409.08 may function together to modulate lifespan, thus linking Rim15/Ppk31 with spermidine metabolism.
Fiqh Learning For Elementary School Students in Kutamakmur North Aceh: A Study on Students’ Ability in Learning Shalat
Authors: Latif Umar , Nurainiah Nurainiah
Published: August 2018

Fiqh learning is a part of learning process in PAI (Islamic Education) subject given to students especially the elementary ones. It is the responsibility of all teachers and parents to provide the children’s needs, clothing, as well as Islamic education. However, from the field observation, some of parents pay little attention to their children’s religious education as if such education were only the responsibility of formal educational institution. This present research aims to investigate what the level of elementary school students’ understanding on shalat is, how the process of fiqh learning is conducted, and what obstacles the teacher encounter in this learning. This research uses analytical descriptive method with the approach of library research and field research. The data were collected through observation, interview, and field research. The findings of this research reveal that some students in 2 elementary schools; SDN 2 and SDN 6 have not yet understood the concept of shalat; some of them are not able to recite and memorize do’a in. On the other hand, students in SDN 1 Kutamakmur has understood the concept and process of shalat and are able to recite and memorize do’a in shalat. The process of fiqh learning in SDN 2 and SDN 6 Kutamakmur North Aceh has not yet run properly because some students are not able to memorize do’a in shalat as it is expected. The obstacles the teachers encounter is the limited time availability to do practice in school, the lack of parents’ guidance in teaching and urging their children to do shalat. Hence, students only learn this at school without parents’ guidance and some of students are not able to recite and memorize do’a in shalat.
نموذج البحث للتفسير التربوي
Authors: Zulheldi Zulheldi
Published: August 2018

االتفسير التربوي هو دراسة التي يهتم بهاالمسلمون هذا العصر، وكذلك طلاب التربية وتأهيل المدرسين في جامعات الإسلامية لإتمام دراستهم فيها. وقد تمت كتابة بعض الرسالة العلمية، ورسالة الماجستير، ورسالة الدكتورة في هذا المجال، ولكن لم توجد فيها منهج واضح، ومعتبر، وثابت لتوجيه البحث في هذا التفسير التربوي.أما المنهج الموجود في هذا المنهج فهوتحليلي، وإجمالي، ومقارن، وموضوعي. لايمكن أن يطبق في هذا المجال إلا في بعضها. هذا المنهج يحتاج إلى التجديد لتكون تطبيقيا في بحث التفسير التربوي. هذا هو السبب من تخطيط وتنفيذ هذا البحث. اجتهد الباحث لصياغة منهج بحث التفسير التربوي بعد عملية التجريبي. هناك سبع مراحل لتنفيذ البحث في التفسير التربوي للحصول على أفضل النتائج
YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİDE KAMU POLİTİKALARI VE TÜRKİYE
Authors: BERKSOY Turgay , AKBAŞ AKDOĞAN Dilek
Published: August 2018

Enerji talebinin fosil kökenli enerji kaynakları ile karşılanmasının çevre üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri günümüzde ciddi boyutlara ulaşmıştır. Fosil yakıtların yoğun bir şekilde kullanılması bir yandan küresel ısınma ve iklim değişimi gibi önemli çevresel sorunlara neden olurken diğer yandan da enerji arz güvenliği problemine sebep olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda dünyanın ekolojik dengesinin korunması ve enerji güvenliğinin sağlanması için birçok devlet yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yönelmiştir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının geliştirilmesi ve kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması için yürütülen kamu politikalarını ve bu kapsamda uygulanan teşvik ve destek mekanizmalarını sistematik bir şekilde incelemek ve bu mekanizmaların etkilerini ve etkinliğini değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada Türkiye’nin yenilenebilir enerji politikası ve Türkiye’de politika aracı olarak kullanılan teşvik mekanizmaları açıklanmıştır. Çalışmanın ampirik kısmında teşvik mekanizmaları ile yenilenebilir enerji arasındaki ilişki panel veri teknikleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada, 28 Avrupa Birliği üyesi ülke ile Türkiye için 1990-2015 yılları arası yıllık veriler kullanılmıştır. Sabit fiyat garantisi, kota yükümlüğü, ihale sistemi ve vergisel teşvikler olmak üzere dört teşvik mekanizması modele dahil edilmiştir. Ampirik sonuçlara göre, sadece sabit fiyat garantisi ve kota yükümlüğü teşvik mekanizmaları yenilenebilir enerji üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu iki teşvik mekanizmalarından herhangi birinden gerçekleşecek bir artış yenilenebilir enerjide de bir artışa neden olacaktır.
TÜRKİYE’DE CARİ İŞLEM AÇIKLARI SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR Mİ?
Authors: DUMAN Y.Koray
Published: August 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin cari işlem açığının sürdürebilirliğini 1991-2017 dönemi üçer aylık verileriyle sınamaktır. Hesaplamaya alınan değişkenler, karşılıksız yurtdışı transferler ve yurt dışı faiz ödemelerini içeren ithalat ve ihracat verileridir. İthalat ve ihracat arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki test edilmesinde ADF birim kök ve iki aşamalı eş-bütünleşme testleri kullanılmıştır. Bu test sonuçları göstermektedir ki Türkiye’nin cari işlem açıkları sürdürülebilirdir
Nursing laboratory and critical education of nurses: approaches and distances
Authors: Brito Fatima Maria de Melo , Rozendo Célia Alves , Melo Priscila de Oliveira Cabral
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the contribution of the laboratory of nursing to the critical education of nurses. Method: qualitative study, conducted among 18 professors of higher education institutions, being one public and the other private. Data were collected between February and November of 2016 by means of semi-structured interview. To analyze data, it was used a content analysis in the thematic modality. Results: it was observed the emphasis in the technical skills development by propagation of behavior and practices; the creation of bonds between professors and students happens on the limit of good interpersonal relationship; the laboratory of nursing may help the critical reflection about the practice, being a place that allows the learning of ethics. Final considerations: the nurse education, carried out by the laboratory of nursing, have to overcome the emphasis in the uncritical reproduction of practices and to observe the nurse’s power to think about the reality in the meaning of its modification.
Community intervention in the Nursing education: experience report
Authors: Tavares Elsy Alejandra de Oliveira , Pinheiro Maria Teresa de Sousa Frango , José Helena Maria Guerreiro
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the implementation and results of community intervention projects used as a strategy for teaching and developing people and communities in the training of community health nursing specialists at the Centro de Formação de Saúde Multiperfil (Multi-profile Health Training Center), Angola. Method: Report of experience of the use of community intervention projects in nursing. Results: Community intervention projects have contributed to the learning of students and to the promotion of health, citizenship and the empowerment of individuals and communities. Its implementation is in the fourth year, and 16 projects have already been developed in 2 distinct neighborhoods, and this year the intervention will cover a third. Conclusions: Nursing teaching should adopt strategies that lead the student not only in the path of professional autonomy, but, above all, in the empowerment of people and communities. Community intervention is undoubtedly important in this area.
Critical incidents involving Semiology during practical activities of nursing undergraduates
Authors: Macedo Ídila Letícia Justiniana de , Zamarioli Cristina Mara , Carvalho Emilia Campos de
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify critical incidents (situations, behaviors and feelings) during practical activities, involving knowledge and skills related to the discipline of Semiology and Semiotics. Method: Descriptive research using the critical incident technique, with the Snow Ball technique for the selection of participants and an instrument for collection of data. The reports were categorized according to the elements of the critical incident (situations, behaviors and feelings). Results: A total of 62 reports from senior (n = 46), sophomore and junior (n = 16) students were analyzed. The students were predominantly female (90.3%). The majority described a situation of a physical examination, expressed mastery of the skills necessary for the activity and reported positive feelings. Conclusion: The reports showed that the knowledge and skills acquired in the discipline allowed for a development of practical activities with familiarity and positive feelings. The importance that the students attribute to the recognition of the activities by the professor, the patient and family stands out.
The Pororoca effect on permanent education in health: about the interaction research-work
Authors: Figueiredo Eluana Borges Leitão de , Silva Ana Paula de Andrade , Abrahão Ana Lúcia , Cordeiro Benedito Carlos , Fonseca Isabel de Almeida , Gouvêa Mônica Villela
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: to build municipal responsibility with the permanent education in health policy from the interaction between research and innovation of work practices. Method: experience reports structured through dialogic meetings that allowed the participative diagnosis and strategic administration considering research in health education. Results: from the activities and interactions, we identified active forces in the reinvention of training for workers in the municipal network of health services, in which we found three streams: “inside and outside interactions”, “movement towards meetings” and “strategic collective arrangements”. Final considerations: through action research and a collaborative critique, collective movements were constructed, they showed ways to produce new directions in health education and allowed the strategic creation of the Núcleo de Educação Permanente as a responsibility of the municipal government, not depending on Federal policies.
Teaching strategies: promoting the development of moral competence in undergraduate students
Authors: Enderle Cleci de Fátima , Silveira Rosemary Silva da , Dalmolin Graziele de Lima , Lunardi Valéria Lerch , Avila Liziane Iturriet , Dominguez Carmen Carballo
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify strategies and spaces used by professors to promote the development of the moral competence of nursing undergraduate students. Method: Qualitative research, developed with 20 nursing professors, through a semi-structured interview, from July to October 2016. Data were submitted to discursive textual analysis. Results: Three categories were constructed: Active methodologies as strategies for the development of moral competence; Knowledge and development of clinical reasoning as motivating spaces of moral competence; Attitude of professors as a strategy for dialogue, empathy, recovery of moral values and development of caring skills. Final considerations: The use of strategies and spaces to develop pedagogical actions favors the search for knowledge, clinical reasoning and the approach of ethical and moral aspects that collaborate for the development of the moral competence of nursing undergraduate students.
Nursing international student mobility in the University of São Paulo
Authors: Cavalcante Inara Mariela da Silva , Guedes Glauteice Freitas , Püschel Vilanice Alves de Araújo
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the experiences of undergraduate students of the School of Nursing of the University of São Paulo (EEUSP) who participated in international mobility programs between January 2011 and July 2017. Method: Exploratory, descriptive study with quantitative approach. Of 68 reports, only 38 (56%) were considered valid and were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. Data were categorized in general, institutional, academic and cultural aspects and cost of living. Results: The main destination was Portugal and the years with most participation were 2012 and 2013. The mean stay was six months and the students took a mean of three to four courses. The main funder was the university of origin. Conclusion: Academic activities were limited to theoretical and practical courses, with little insertion in research. There is a need to increase investment in learning other languages and to expand partnerships with larger centers of foreign education and research.
National Licensure Exam for Brazilian Nurses: why and for whom?
Authors: Silva Kênia Lara da , Cabral Ivone Evangelista
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze critically the reasons for regulating a National Licensure Exam for Brazilian Nurses (NLEXB-N). Method: Qualitative study with secondary source applying the critical discourse analysis to situate context and intertextuality in the establishment of a new social practice. We analyzed data from legal documents regulating the National Licensure Exam of other professions in Brazil, the Educational Census, the Survey of Brazilian Nursing Profile and global nursing literature. Results: Four themes were explored: Brazilian experiences with this exam; nursing experiences in other countries; effects of the exam on the examinees; NLEXB-N in Brazil: what purposes could we present? Final considerations: The National Licensure Exam for Brazilian Nurses is a measure of individual accountability that increases social injustice, inequality and inequity. We must pay attention to the consequences of its application, based on evidences produced in the area.
No rastro do Ajeun: religião, Estado e sociedade em perspectiva relacional
Authors: Múscari Marcello F.
Published: August 2018

Resumo Os estudos sobre as dinâmicas e as possibilidades de existência das religiões afro-brasileiras na modernidade e, particularmente, nos cenários urbanos do país constituem um dos principais temas de estudo na grande área dedicada a investigar este segmento religioso. Ao longo deste artigo, exploro dinâmicas contemporâneas das relações entre religiões afro-brasileiras, Estado e sociedade, tendo como palco um município da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre - RS. Para tanto, dedico-me a narrar a trajetória de realização do projeto de segurança alimentar idealizado pela Assobecaty - Associação Beneficente Cultural Templo de Yemanjá -, sob o título Ajeun Ilerá: Alimento Saudável Para Todos. Como horizonte para esta narrativa, busco mapear as condições de possibilidade e infraestrutura que sustentam uma ação social específica protagonizada por atores religiosos em contexto urbano, esperando com isso avançar no entendimento sobre como religião, Estado e sociedade interagem na contemporaneidade.
The Construction of the Psycho-sociological Knowledge on Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Costa Fabrycianne Gonçalves , Coutinho Maria da Penha de Lima
Published: August 2018

Abstract This study aims to analyze the social representations elaborated by diabetic’s people on diabetes mellitus and your treatment. The sample was composed of 80 participants with ages between 21 and 83 years old (M= 55.92, SD = 12.06), who answered to a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Word Association Test. The data were submitted to SPSS - 19.0 and Tri-deux-mots software and analyzed using descriptive statistics and factorial correspondence analysis. The results showed that the psychosocial knowledge construction of diabetes doesn´t differ from scientific knowledge, while chronic disease, related to blood sugar problems, mood swing and life danger. The treatment, emerged associated as a food control, adherence and follow medical guidelines. It is hoped, that these results will contribute to enlarge the this disease visibility and with the therapeutic practices development in the context of diabetes, targeting both the physical and emotional aspects.
Density of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) and host Ceratitis capitata (Wied) larvae for the increase of parasitoid female production
Authors: Cruz Carlos Gustavo da , Alvarenga Clarice Diniz , Oliveira Patricia Cristina do Carmo , Conceição Edileuza dos Reis Souza , Santos Zenobia Cardoso dos , Giustolin Teresinha Augusta , Souza Maria das Dores da Cruz
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ratio of Ceratitis capitata larvae/female of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata that results in the increase of parasitism and the production of females in the progeny. We used 8-day-old copulated D. longicaudata females with oviposition parasite experience and third instar larvae of C. capitata from rearing stock maintained at the Laboratory of Biological Control of Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes). Five densities of C. capitata larvae (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50) were offered to parasitoid females that were at five different densities (1, 2, 5, 10, and 15). The larvae were exposed to the parasitoid females by means of “parasitism units” in adapted cages for 1 hour. Sex ratio, percentage of parasitism, and pupal mortality were evaluated. Both host larval density and female parasite density influenced parasitism, female progeny production, and pupal mortality. Higher female production was observed in the progeny in ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 (larvae/females). Ratios above 1:2 reduced the sex ratio, and ratios below 1:1 caused high pupal mortality rates. The females had higher parasitism activity when they were in groups dividing the same space. Equal ratios of Ceratitis capitata larvae and parasitoid females resulted in improved efficiency in progeny females.