bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genomic epidemiology of Escherichia coli: antimicrobial resistance through a One Health lens in sympatric humans, livestock and peri-domestic wildlife in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Muloi Dishon M. , Hassell James M. , Wee Bryan A. , Ward Melissa J. , Bettridge Judy M. , Kivali Velma , Kiyong’a Alice , Ndinda Christine , Gitahi Nduhiu , Ouko Tom , Imboma Titus , Akoko James , Murungi Maurice K. , Njoroge Samuel M. , Muinde Patrick , Alumasa Lorren , Kaitho Titus , Amanya Fredrick , Ogendo Allan , van Bunnik Bram A. D. , Kiiru John , Robinson Timothy P. , Kang’ethe Erastus K. , Kariuki Samuel , Pedersen Amy B. , Fèvre Eric M. , Woolhouse Mark E. J.
Published: December 2022

Background

Livestock systems have been proposed as a reservoir for antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria and AMR genetic determinants that may infect or colonise humans, yet quantitative evidence regarding their epidemiological role remains lacking. Here, we used a combination of genomics, epidemiology and ecology to investigate patterns of AMR gene carriage in Escherichia coli, regarded as a sentinel organism.

Methods

We conducted a structured epidemiological survey of 99 households across Nairobi, Kenya, and whole genome sequenced E. coli isolates from 311 human, 606 livestock and 399 wildlife faecal samples. We used statistical models to investigate the prevalence of AMR carriage and characterise AMR gene diversity and structure of AMR genes in different host populations across the city. We also investigated household-level risk factors for the exchange of AMR genes between sympatric humans and livestock.

Results

We detected 56 unique acquired genes along with 13 point mutations present in variable proportions in human and animal isolates, known to confer resistance to nine antibiotic classes. We find that AMR gene community composition is not associated with host species, but AMR genes were frequently co-located, potentially enabling the acquisition and dispersal of multi-drug resistance in a single step. We find that whilst keeping livestock had no influence on human AMR gene carriage, the potential for AMR transmission across human-livestock interfaces is greatest when manure is poorly disposed of and in larger households.

Conclusions

Findings of widespread carriage of AMR bacteria in human and animal populations, including in long-distance wildlife species, in community settings highlight the value of evidence-based surveillance to address antimicrobial resistance on a global scale. Our genomic analysis provided an in-depth understanding of AMR determinants at the interfaces of One Health sectors that will inform AMR prevention and control.
Links between electroconvulsive therapy responsive and cognitive impairment multimodal brain networks in late-life major depressive disorder
Authors: Qi Shile , Calhoun Vince D. , Zhang Daoqiang , Miller Jeremy , Deng Zhi-De , Narr Katherine L. , Sheline Yvette , McClintock Shawn M. , Jiang Rongtao , Yang Xiao , Upston Joel , Jones Tom , Sui Jing , Abbott Christopher C.
Published: December 2022

Background

Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for depression, ECT cognitive impairment remains a major concern. The neurobiological underpinnings and mechanisms underlying ECT antidepressant and cognitive impairment effects remain unknown. This investigation aims to identify ECT antidepressant-response and cognitive-impairment multimodal brain networks and assesses whether they are associated with the ECT-induced electric field (E-field) with an optimal pulse amplitude estimation.

Methods

A single site clinical trial focused on amplitude (600, 700, and 800 mA) included longitudinal multimodal imaging and clinical and cognitive assessments completed before and immediately after the ECT series (n = 54) for late-life depression. Another two independent validation cohorts (n = 84, n = 260) were included. Symptom and cognition were used as references to supervise fMRI and sMRI fusion to identify ECT antidepressant-response and cognitive-impairment multimodal brain networks. Correlations between ECT-induced E-field within these two networks and clinical and cognitive outcomes were calculated. An optimal pulse amplitude was estimated based on E-field within antidepressant-response and cognitive-impairment networks.

Results

Decreased function in the superior orbitofrontal cortex and caudate accompanied with increased volume in medial temporal cortex showed covarying functional and structural alterations in both antidepressant-response and cognitive-impairment networks. Volume increases in the hippocampal complex and thalamus were antidepressant-response specific, and functional decreases in the amygdala and hippocampal complex were cognitive-impairment specific, which were validated in two independent datasets. The E-field within these two networks showed an inverse relationship with HDRS reduction and cognitive impairment. The optimal E-filed range as [92.7–113.9] V/m was estimated to maximize antidepressant outcomes without compromising cognitive safety.

Conclusions

The large degree of overlap between antidepressant-response and cognitive-impairment networks challenges parameter development focused on precise E-field dosing with new electrode placements. The determination of the optimal individualized ECT amplitude within the antidepressant and cognitive networks may improve the treatment benefit–risk ratio.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02999269.
Advanced one-pot deconstruction and valorization of lignocellulosic biomass into triacetic acid lactone using Rhodosporidium toruloides
Authors: Otoupal Peter B. , Geiselman Gina M. , Oka Asun M. , Barcelos Carolina A. , Choudhary Hemant , Dinh Duy , Zhong Wenqing , Hwang HeeJin , Keasling Jay D. , Mukhopadhyay Aindrila , Sundstrom Eric , Haushalter Robert W. , Sun Ning , Simmons Blake A. , Gladden John M.
Published: December 2022

Background

Rhodosporidium toruloides is capable of co-utilization of complex carbon sources and robust growth from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. This oleaginous yeast is therefore an attractive host for heterologous production of valuable bioproducts at high titers from low-cost, deconstructed biomass in an economically and environmentally sustainable manner. Here we demonstrate this by engineering R. toruloides to produce the polyketide triacetic acid lactone (TAL) directly from unfiltered hydrolysate deconstructed from biomass with minimal unit process operations.

Results

Introduction of the 2-pyrone synthase gene into R. toruloides enabled the organism to produce 2.4 g/L TAL from simple media or 2.0 g/L from hydrolysate produced from sorghum biomass. Both of these titers are on par with titers from other better-studied microbial hosts after they had been heavily engineered. We next demonstrate that filtered hydrolysates produced from ensiled sorghum are superior to those derived from dried sorghum for TAL production, likely due to the substantial organic acids produced during ensiling. We also demonstrate that the organic acids found in ensiled biomass can be used for direct synthesis of ionic liquids within the biomass pretreatment process, enabling consolidation of unit operations of in-situ ionic liquid synthesis, pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation into a one-pot, separations-free process. Finally, we demonstrate this consolidation in a 2 L bioreactor using unfiltered hydrolysate, producing 3.9 g/L TAL.

Conclusion

Many steps involved in deconstructing biomass into fermentable substrate can be combined into a distinct operation, and directly fed to cultures of engineered R. toruloides cultures for subsequent valorization into gram per liter titers of TAL in a cost-effective manner.
CT-based radiogenomic analysis dissects intratumor heterogeneity and predicts prognosis of colorectal cancer: a multi-institutional retrospective study
Authors: Zhong Min-Er , Duan Xin , Ni-jia-ti Ma-yi-di-li , Qi Haoning , Xu Dongwei , Cai Du , Li Chenghang , Huang Zeping , Zhu Qiqi , Gao Feng , Wu Xiaojian
Published: December 2022

Background

This study aimed to develop a radiogenomic prognostic prediction model for colorectal cancer (CRC) by investigating the biological and clinical relevance of intratumoural heterogeneity.

Methods

This retrospective multi-cohort study was conducted in three steps. First, we identified genomic subclones using unsupervised deconvolution analysis. Second, we established radiogenomic signatures to link radiomic features with prognostic subclone compositions in an independent radiogenomic dataset containing matched imaging and gene expression data. Finally, the prognostic value of the identified radiogenomic signatures was validated using two testing datasets containing imaging and survival information collected from separate medical centres.

Results

This multi-institutional retrospective study included 1601 patients (714 females and 887 males; mean age, 65 years ± 14 [standard deviation]) with CRC from 5 datasets. Molecular heterogeneity was identified using unsupervised deconvolution analysis of gene expression data. The relative prevalence of the two subclones associated with cell cycle and extracellular matrix pathways identified patients with significantly different survival outcomes. A radiogenomic signature-based predictive model significantly stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with disparate disease-free survival (HR = 1.74, P = 0.003). Radiogenomic signatures were revealed as an independent predictive factor for CRC by multivariable analysis (HR = 1.59, 95% CI:1.03–2.45, P = 0.034). Functional analysis demonstrated that the 11 radiogenomic signatures were predominantly associated with extracellular matrix and immune-related pathways.

Conclusions

The identified radiogenomic signatures might be a surrogate for genomic signatures and could complement the current prognostic strategies.
MyD88-TLR4-dependent choroid plexus activation precedes perilesional inflammation and secondary brain edema in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Akeret Kevin , Buzzi Raphael M. , Thomson Bart R. , Schwendinger Nina , Klohs Jan , Schulthess-Lutz Nadja , Baselgia Livio , Hansen Kerstin , Regli Luca , Vallelian Florence , Hugelshofer Michael , Schaer Dominik J.
Published: December 2022

Background

The functional neurological outcome of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) strongly relates to the degree of secondary brain injury (ICH-SBI) evolving within days after the initial bleeding. Different mechanisms including the incitement of inflammatory pathways, dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), activation of resident microglia, and an influx of blood-borne immune cells, have been hypothesized to contribute to ICH-SBI. Yet, the spatiotemporal interplay of specific inflammatory processes within different brain compartments has not been sufficiently characterized, limiting potential therapeutic interventions to prevent and treat ICH-SBI.

Methods

We used a whole-blood injection model in mice, to systematically characterized the spatial and temporal dynamics of inflammatory processes after ICH using 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), spatial RNA sequencing (spRNAseq), functional BBB assessment, and immunofluorescence average-intensity-mapping.

Results

We identified a pronounced early response of the choroid plexus (CP) peaking at 12–24 h that was characterized by inflammatory cytokine expression, epithelial and endothelial expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules, and the accumulation of leukocytes. In contrast, we observed a delayed secondary reaction pattern at the injection site (striatum) peaking at 96 h, defined by gene expression corresponding to perilesional leukocyte infiltration and correlating to the delayed signal alteration seen on MRI. Pathway analysis revealed a dependence of the early inflammatory reaction in the CP on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). TLR4 and MyD88 knockout mice corroborated this observation, lacking the early upregulation of adhesion molecules and leukocyte infiltration within the CP 24 h after whole-blood injection.

Conclusions

We report a biphasic brain reaction pattern after ICH with a MyD88-TLR4-dependent early inflammatory response of the CP, preceding inflammation, edema and leukocyte infiltration at the lesion site. Pharmacological targeting of the early CP activation might harbor the potential to modulate the development of ICH-SBI.
Profiling genome-wide recombination in Epstein Barr virus reveals type-specific patterns and associations with endemic-Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Agwati Eddy O. , Oduor Cliff I. , Ayieko Cyrus , Ong’echa John Michael , Moormann Ann M. , Bailey Jeffrey A.
Published: December 2022

Background

Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is potentiated through the interplay of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum malaria. To better understand EBV’s biology and role in eBL, we characterized genome-wide recombination sites and patterns as a source of genetic diversity in EBV genomes in our well-defined population of eBL cases and controls from Western Kenya.

Methods

EBV genomes representing 54 eBL cases and 32 healthy children from the same geographic region in Western Kenya that we previously sequenced were analyzed. Whole-genome multiple sequence alignment, recombination analyses, and phylogenetic inference were made using multiple alignment with fast Fourier transform, recombination detection program 4, and molecular evolutionary genetics analysis.

Results

We identified 28 different recombination events and 71 (82.6%) of the 86 EBV genomes analyzed contained evidence of one or more recombinant segments. Associated recombination breakpoints were found to occur in a total of 42 different genes, with only 7 (16.67%) being latent genes. Recombination events were major drivers of clustering within genome-wide phylogenetic trees. The occurrence of recombination segments was comparable between genomes from male and female participants and across age groups. More recombinant segments were found in EBV type 1 genomes (p = 6.4e − 06) and the genomes from the eBLs (p = 0.037). Two recombination events were enriched in the eBLs; event 47 (OR = 4.07, p = 0.038) and event 50 (OR = 14.24, p = 0.012).

Conclusions

EBV genomes have extensive evidence of recombination likely acquired progressively and cumulatively over time. Recombination patterns display a heterogeneous occurrence rate across the genome with enrichment in lytic genes. Overall, recombination appears to be a major evolutionary force impacting EBV diversity and genome structure with evidence of the association of specific recombinants with eBL.
Anterosuperior approach versus deltopectoral approach for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Seok Hyun-Gyu , Park Jeong Jin , Park Sam-Guk
Published: December 2022

Background

Surgical approach is an important factor that may affect the outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). The most common approaches for RTSA are anterosuperior (AS) and deltopectoral (DP). However, controversy exists on which surgical approach is better. This meta-analysis aimed to compare both approaches in terms of radiological and clinical outcomes and complications.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for studies that compared the postoperative outcomes of the AS and DP approaches for RTSA. After screening and quality assessment of the articles, we obtained two randomized controlled trials and four retrospective comparative studies. We analyzed the radiologic outcomes, functional outcomes, and complications between the two approaches. The standardized mean difference and odds ratio were used to analyze the differences in outcomes between the two surgical approaches. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results

The incidence rate of glenoid implant loosening was significantly (P = 0.04) lower in the AS group than that in the DP group. In terms of forward flexion after surgery, the DP approach produced significantly (P = 0.03) better outcomes compared with the AS approach. There were no significant differences in radiological outcomes or other complication rates between the two approaches.

Conclusion

As a result of this meta-analysis, one of the two approaches did not bring a better result than the other. One has strength for better forward flexion and the other for a lower glenoid loosening rate. With this in mind, it is recommended to use the approach that the surgeon is most familiar with.
Desferrioxamine alleviates UHMWPE particle-induced osteoclastic osteolysis by inhibiting caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in osteocytes
Authors: Zhao Shenli , Ge Chen , Li Yao , Chang Leilei , Dan Zhou , Tu Yihui , Deng Lianfu , Kang Hui , Li Changwei
Published: December 2022

Background

Cell death and inflammation are the two important triggers of wear particle-induced osteolysis. Particles, including cobalt-chromium-molybdenum and tricalcium phosphate, have been reported to induce pyroptosis in macrophages and osteocytes. Although macrophage pyroptosis facilitates osteoclastic bone resorption and osteolysis, whether osteocyte pyroptosis is involved in osteoclastic osteolysis still needs further investigation. Desferrioxamine (DFO), an FDA-approved medication and a powerful iron chelator, has been proven to reduce ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particle-induced osteolysis. However, whether DFO can ameliorate UHMWPE particle-induced osteolysis by decreasing pyroptosis in osteocytes is unknown.

Results

A mouse calvarial osteolysis model and the mouse osteocyte cell line MLO-Y4 was used, and we found that pyroptosis in osteocytes was significantly induced by UHMWPE particles. Furthermore, our findings uncovered a role of caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in osteocytes in facilitating osteoclastic osteolysis induced by UHMWPE particles. In addition, we found that DFO could alleviate UHMWPE particle-induced pyroptosis in osteocytes in vivo and in vitro.

Conclusions

We uncovered a role of caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in osteocytes in facilitating osteoclastic osteolysis induced by UHMWPE particles. Furthermore, we found that DFO alleviated UHMWPE particle-induced osteoclastic osteolysis partly by inhibiting pyroptosis in osteocytes.

Graphical Abstract

Schematic of DFO reducing UHMWPE particle-induced osteolysis by inhibiting osteocytic pyroptosis. Wear particles, such as polymers, generated from prosthetic implant materials activate canonical inflammasomes and promote the cleavage and activation of caspase-1. This is followed by caspase-1-dependent IL-β maturation and GSDMD cleavage. The N-terminal fragment of GSDMD binds to phospholipids on the cell membrane and forms holes in the membrane, resulting in the release of mature IL-β and inflammatory intracellular contents. This further facilitates osteoclastic differentiation of BMMs, resulting in excessive bone resorption and ultimately leading to prosthetic osteolysis. DFO reduces UHMWPE particle-induced osteolysis by inhibiting osteocytic pyroptosis.
The A-to-I editing of KPC1 promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by attenuating proteasomal processing of NF-κB1 p105 to p50
Authors: Gao Chengming , Zhou Guangming , Shi Jie , Shi Peipei , Jin Liang , Li Yuanfeng , Wang Xiaowen , Liao Song , Yan Han , Wu Junjie , Lu Yiming , Zhai Yun , Zhang Jinxu , Zhang Haitao , Zhang Hongxing , Yang Chenning , Cao Pengbo , Cheng Shuqun , Zhou Gangqiao
Published: December 2022

Background

Aberrant RNA editing of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) has been linked to multiple human cancers, but its role in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) remains unknown. We conducted an exome-wide investigation to search for dysregulated RNA editing that drive iCCA pathogenesis.

Methods

An integrative whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed to elucidate the RNA editing landscape in iCCAs. Putative RNA editing sites were validated by Sanger sequencing. In vitro and in vivo experiments were used to assess the effects of an exemplary target gene Kip1 ubiquitination-promoting complex 1 (KPC1) and its editing on iCCA cells growth and metastasis. Crosstalk between KPC1 RNA editing and NF-κB signaling was analyzed by molecular methods.

Results

Through integrative omics analyses, we revealed an adenosine deaminases acting on RNA 1A (ADAR1)-mediated over-editing pattern in iCCAs. ADAR1 is frequently amplified and overexpressed in iCCAs and plays oncogenic roles. Notably, we identified a novel ADAR1-mediated A-to-I editing of KPC1 transcript, which results in substitution of methionine with valine at residue 8 (p.M8V). KPC1 p.M8V editing confers loss-of-function phenotypes through blunting the tumor-suppressive role of wild-type KPC1. Mechanistically, KPC1 p.M8V weakens the affinity of KPC1 to its substrate NF-κB1 p105, thereby reducing the ubiquitinating and proteasomal processing of p105 to p50, which in turn enhances the activity of oncogenic NF-κB signaling.

Conclusions

Our findings established that amplification-driven ADAR1 overexpression results in overediting of KPC1 p.M8V in iCCAs, leading to progression via activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, and suggested ADAR1-KPC1-NF-κB axis as a potential therapeutic target for iCCA.
Genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato from animals and humans in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Hodžić Adnan , Alić Amer , Spahić Amir , Harl Josef , Beck Relja
Published: December 2022

Background

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is recognized as one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, no systemic investigation of the genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato circulating among animals and humans in the country has been performed to date.

Methods

In this preliminary study, we analysed one cyst each from 36 sheep, 27 cattle, 27 pigs, 11 wild boars and 16 human patients for amplification and partial sequencing of the adenosine triphosphate 6 (atp6) and cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) genes. The host species, fertility rate and organ cyst location were recorded for each subject involved in the study.

Results

Overall, the atp6 gene was successfully amplified and sequenced from 110 samples, while 96 of the PCRs for cox1 were positive. Three zoonotic genotypes of E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1 and G3) and Echinococcus canadensis (G7) were identified in our isolates based on analyses of the atp6 gene. These genotypes were represented by 11 different genetic variants (haplotypes), six of which were identified for the first time in the present study.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates, for the first time, that CE in Bosnia and Herzegovina is predominantly caused by E. granulosus sensu stricto and E. canadensis clusters, which exhibited a lower genetic diversity compared to isolates from other European countries. Further molecular studies employing other mitochondrial and nuclear genes are required to better understand the transmission cycles of E. granulosus sensu stricto among intermediate and definitive hosts in the country.

Graphical Abstract
The effects of fluid absorption and plasma volume changes in athletes following consumption of various beverages
Authors: Yun Hyo-Jun , Lee Ji-Yong , Jeon Minsoo , Oh Sang-eun , Park Jae-Hyeon , Yoon Jiwun
Published: December 2022

Background

To verify the hydration effects of oral rehydration solution (ORS) on athletes by comparing the degrees of fluid absorption and plasma volume changes following beverage consumption, including ORS.

Methods

Thirty-one participants visited the testing laboratory 4 times at 1-week intervals to consume 1 L of beverage (e.g., water, ORS, and two sports drinks [SpD]) for 30 min on each visit. The urine output was measured 4 times at 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 4 h after beverage consumption. A blood sample was collected 3 times at 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h after beverage consumption. Body weight was measured once in 4 h after beverage consumption.

Results

Body weight change was smaller for ORS than for water, SpD1, and SpD2 (p < 0.05). Cumulative urine output in 4 h was lower for ORS, SpD1, and SpD2 than for water (p < 0.05), and it was lower for ORS than for SpD2 (p < 0.05). BHI in 4 h was higher for ORS, SpD1, and SpD2 than for water (p < 0.05), and it was higher for ORS than for SpD2 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in PVC for different beverages at all test times, i.e.., 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h.

Conclusions

We evaluated the hydration effects of the consumption of beverages, such as water, SpD, and ORS in athletes. ORS and SpD were more effective than water. A comparison between ORS and SpD showed that the result could vary depending on the type of SpD.
Evaluation of novel surfactants for plant transformation
Authors: Huynh Jennie , Hotton Sara K. , Chan Ron , Syed Yasra , Thomson James
Published: December 2022

Objective

Assess the efficiency of seven novel surfactants, relative to the typical Silwet® L-77, for floral dip transformation of Arabidopsis.

Results

Floral dip transformation of Arabidopsis has been used consistently for 20 years with little change in the protocol. Here we directly compare seven novel surfactants (BREAK-THRU®-OE446, S200, S233, S240, S279, S301 and SP133) to the standard Silwet® L-77 for efficiency of Arabidopsis transformation providing an example of how the surfactants can help other plant transformation protocols. Relative transformation efficiencies ranged from − 44 to + 45% compared to Silwet® L-77. Surfactants S200, S240, and S279 demonstrated the greatest enhancement in transformation.
DAD3 targets ACE2 to inhibit the MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways and protect against LPS-induced inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Zhang Xiangjun , Jia Fang , Ma Weiwu , Li Xueqiang , Zhou Xuezhang
Published: December 2022

The protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the ACE 2/Ang-(1–7)/MasR axis, has become a new anti-inflammatory target. As a specific activator of ACE2, diminazene aceturate (DA) can promote anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/MasR axis. However, due to the reported toxicity of DA, its application has been limited. In the current study, we synthesized a low toxicity DA derivative 3 (DAD3) and sought to determine whether DAD3 can also activate ACE2 in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) and regulate the RAS system to inhibit inflammation. We found that both DA and DAD3 can activate and promote ACE2 expression in BMEC. iRNA-mediated knockdown of ACE2 demonstrated that DAD3 activates the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/MasR axis and plays an anti-inflammatory role in BMEC. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of DA and DAD3 on the protein phosphorylation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways were reduced in ACE2-silenced BMEC. Our findings show that ACE2 is a target of DAD3, which leads to inhibition of the MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways and protects against LPS-induced inflammation in BMEC. Thus, DAD3 may provide a new strategy to treat dairy cow mastitis.
Physical climate change and the sovereign risk of emerging economies
Authors: Boehm Hannes
Published: December 2022

I show that rising temperatures can detrimentally affect the sovereign creditworthiness of emerging economies. To this end, I collect long-term monthly temperature data of 54 emerging markets. I calculate a country’s temperature deviation from its historical average, which approximates present-day climate change trends. Running regressions from 1994m1 to 2018m12, I find that higher temperature anomalies lower sovereign bond performances (i.e., increase sovereign risk) significantly for countries that are warmer on average and have lower seasonality. The estimated magnitudes suggest that affected countries likely face significant increases in their sovereign borrowing costs if temperatures continue to rise due to climate change. However, results indicate that stronger institutions can make a country more resilient towards temperature shocks, which holds independent of a country’s climate.
Statistical study on the regional characteristics of seismic activity in and around Japan: frequency-magnitude distribution and tidal correlation
Authors: Nagata Kohei , Tamaribuchi Koji , Hirose Fuyuki , Noda Akemi
Published: December 2022

We propose a statistical analysis method to identify common features of seismic activity that are indistinguishable from most other seismicity, and to find anomalous activity that differs from these common features. Using the hypocenter catalog of earthquakes which occurs in and around Japan during the past 20 years, we apply this method for the parameters of the frequency-magnitude distribution and a parameter that expresses the correlation of seismicity with tides as indices, with a focus on objectively understanding the regional characteristics of seismicity. As a result, we extracted a "typical" probability density distribution of each index value common to the most analysis regions and "anomalous" regions with index-value distributions that differ significantly from the typical distributions. In terms of the frequency-magnitude distribution, most estimated values of indices in the anomalous activity areas can be explained as variations corresponding to the effects of fluids, interplate coupling, and stress fields that control faulting styles that have been pointed out in previous studies. By extracting typical index values for the frequency-magnitude distribution, common features of the frequency-magnitude distribution that depend on the earthquake occurrence interval were identified. Although seismicity showed no clear correlation with tides, the index value for tidal correlation changes to reflect the proportion of earthquakes occurring in a series of periods shorter than the tidal period; it is therefore useful as an index to capture the characteristics of such earthquake occurrence intervals. We also show that the typical probability density distribution of these index values can be represented by existing models or their extensions. By using the proposed models as a reference, it is possible to quantify the degree of anomaly using the same concept as that of the method presented here; hence, such a method should be applicable to monitor seismic activity.

Graphical Abstract
Hard and soft tissue evaluation of alveolar ridge preservation compared to spontaneous healing: a retrospective clinical and volumetric analysis
Authors: De Angelis Paolo , De Rosa Giuseppe , Manicone Paolo Francesco , De Giorgi Alessandro , Cavalcanti Camilla , Speranza Alessandro , Grassi Roberta , D’Addona Antonio
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The remodeling process following tooth extraction can be observed as horizontal and vertical bone reduction of the alveolar ridge. Preservation procedures such as alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) aim to maintain the 3D volume of the extraction site. This retrospective study analyzed differences in the hard and soft tissue changes in patients treated with either spontaneous healing or ARP.

Methods

After tooth extraction, the patients were treated either by spontaneous socket healing (SH group) or with ARP using a xenograft and a resorbable membrane (ARP group). One week before and 6 months after extraction, the patients underwent cone beam computed tomography. A volumetric analysis was performed by superimposing the digital models of the two time points. Intraoral radiography was performed after implant placement, upon prosthesis delivery, and at 1-year post-treatment. An esthetic assessment was conducted using the Pink Esthetic Score (PES). The patients’ overall satisfaction with the implant restoration was investigated at 12 months.

Results

Intragroup comparisons revealed significant differences between baseline and the 6-month follow-up in both groups at the measured locations (1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm below the most coronal aspect of the alveolar ridge) showing a reduction of the horizontal width (P < 0.05). Additionally, after treatment, the horizontal width at 1 mm was significantly different in the SH and ARP groups (P < 0.001), with mean changes of 2.03 ± 0.54 mm and 0.86 ± 0.49 mm, respectively. ARP was associated with an increased PES (11.6 ± 2.2) and a reduction in patients requiring additional grafting procedures in subsequent treatment phases (9% vs 26%;P = 0.11).

Conclusions

In both groups, significant horizontal and vertical bone loss was observed after the extraction. ARP can reduce linear and volumetric shrinkage of the alveolar ridge, leading to improved outcomes. It can also simplify implant restoration.

Graphical Abstract
Maintenance issues of elderly patients requiring nursing care with implant treatments in dental visiting: position paper
Authors: Ohkubo Chikahiro , Ikumi Noriharu , Sato Yuji , Shirai Mai , Umehara Kazuhiro , Ohashi Isao , Shibagaki Hirokazu , Niki Yoshimine , Masaki Chihiro , Mikami Itaru , Murakami Hiroshi , Yoshinaga Osamu , Wada Masahiro , Watanabe Fumihiko
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Japan, with an increasing number of elderly people needing long-term care in a super-aged society, urgent needs to develop the clinical guidelines on implant maintenance for elderly people with declining independence. The purpose is to categorize the troubles encountered in the care of patients with dental implants and to indicate actual practices and points of note.

Methods

From the members of the Japanese Society of Oral Implantology, 12 expert panelists who were experienced with many problems of implant maintenance during dental visits and were familiar with their solutions were selected. Through repeated discussions in the many panel meetings, the problems of implant maintenance during dental visits were distilled.

Results

During a dental visit, the oral cavity, general conditions, and background of elderly patients who cannot orally care for themselves must be grasped, and medical staff, care managers, and patients should understand the changes in these factors as time goes by. The solutions and responses that can be made differ greatly depending on the medical care facilities, the environment, differences in the experience of medical staff, and the patient’s background. Thus, it is necessary to select safe treatments appropriate to each situation.

Conclusions

This paper features many opinions based on clinical experiences. However, clinical guidelines on implant management during dental visits should be formulated in the future based on the accumulation of evidence through the implementation of clinical research.
Consensus and Controversial Aspects of Vitamin D and COVID-19
Authors: Bilezikian John P , Binkley Neil , De Luca Hector F , Fassio Angelo , Formenti Anna Maria , El-Hajj Fuleihan Ghada , Heijboer Annemieke C , Giustina Andrea
Published: December 2022

Objective

This work aims to review and discuss controversial topics in the field of vitamin D, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and COVID-19.

Methods

The International Conferences “Controversies in Vitamin D” are a series of workshops that started in 2017 featuring international experts and leaders in vitamin D research and clinical practice. The fifth annual conference was held in Stresa, Italy, September 15 to 18, 2021.

Evidence

Before the event, participants reviewed available studies on their assigned topic, drafted a related abstract, and presented their findings at the time of the conference. Relevant literature that became available since was also discussed within the panel and updated accordingly.

Consensus

Before the event, the drafted abstracts had been merged to prepare a preliminary document. After the conference presentations, in-depth discussions in open sessions led to consensus. The document was subsequently modified according to discussions and up-to-date literature inclusion.

Conclusions

There is quite consistent evidence for an association between low 25 OH vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and poor COVID-19 outcomes, despite heterogeneous publications of variable quality. However, the low vitamin D status in COVID-19 patients might also reflect reverse causality. Vitamin D supplementation might have a positive role in COVID-19 prevention. The evidence supporting a beneficial effect of vitamin D treatment in decreasing the risk of COVID-19 complications is conflicting. Conclusive statements regarding the beneficial effect of vitamin D in this context await high-quality, randomized controlled trials.
Preterm Birth and Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone as a Placental Clock
Authors: Herrera Christina L , Maiti Kaushik , Smith Roger
Published: December 2022

Preterm birth worldwide remains a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, yet the exact mechanisms of preterm parturition remain unclear. Preterm birth is not a single condition, but rather a syndrome with a multifactorial etiology. This multifactorial nature explains why individual predictive measures for preterm birth have had limited sensitivity and specificity. One proposed pathway for preterm birth is via placentally synthesized corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH). CRH is a peptide hormone that increases exponentially in pregnancy and has been implicated in preterm birth because of its endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine roles. CRH has actions that increase placental production of estriol and of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, that likely play a key role in activating the myometrium. CRH has been proposed as part of a placental clock, with early activation of placental production resulting in preterm birth. This article will review the current understanding of preterm birth, CRH as an initiator of human parturition, and the evidence regarding the use of CRH in the prediction of preterm birth.
COVID-19 among Indonesian ENT specialist and resident after second dose of Sinovac vaccination
Authors: Zachreini Indra , Bashiruddin Jenny , Tamin Susyana , Priyono Harim , Mayangsari Ika Dewi , Supartono Natasha , Diksita Anggina , Ranakusuma Respati Wulansari , Dewi Yussy Afriani , Indrasari Sagung Rai , Purnami Nyilo , Haryuna Tengku Siti Hajar , Harahap Juliandi , Savitri Eka , Manukbua Tjandra
Published: December 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to obtain data on the prevalence of specialist doctors and Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS) residents in Indonesia who suffered from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after receiving the second dose of COVID-19 vaccination using the Sinovac vaccine (CoronaVac) and the length of time infected with COVID-19 after the second Sinovac vaccination.

Methods: We performed a descriptive observational study, using a cross-sectional design. Data collection took place between August 2021 and October 2021. The respondents in this study included specialist doctors and ORL-HNS residents who worked in various hospitals in Indonesia who had received the second dose of the Sinovac vaccination. Data collection was performed by means of Self-reporting Online Survey Platform (Google Form).

Results: This study included 1,530 respondents, and 54.2% of respondents were women. Respondents consisted of 68.6% ORL-HNS doctors and the rest were residents with an average age of 41.46 years old. The distance between the first and second doses of Sinovac was mostly under one month, which was 71.3% of the respondents. A total of 76.3% of respondents did not have co-morbid diseases. Based on this study, 16.9% of respondents suffered from COVID-19 after the second dose of Sinovac vaccination. The length of time suffering from COVID-19 after the second Sinovac vaccination was 3-6 months (9.7%).

Conclusions: Based on this study, 16.9% of respondents suffered from COVID-19 after receiving the second Sinovac vaccination and 9.7% suffered from COVID-19 after 3-6 months of Sinovac vaccination.
Trends in frailty and its associated factors in the community dwelling elderly Indian population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective analytical study
Authors: Gautam Karan , Krishnan K Shyam , Kumar K Vijaya , Nayak Megha M
Published: December 2022

Background: There is a scarcity of quality literature on the prevalence of frailty among community dwelling elderly in India. This study was originally planned to analyze the longitudinal trends in frailty status of community dwelling elderly in an Indian population as well to identify factors associated with frailty in the Indian context. However, the recruitment phase of this study coincided with one of the largest lockdowns in history, associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, and this gave us a unique opportunity to study the effects this pandemic enforced, as a result of the necessary restrictions, on the frailty status as well the factors affecting frailty in the elderly.

Methods: A prospective observational study was designed and conducted amongst 19 community dwelling elderly of Dakshina Kannada District, in Karnataka India. Outcome variables of frailty (EFIP), physical activity (PASE), functional mobility (TUG), gait speed (10-meter walk test), nutritional status (MNA®-SF) body composition (BIA), and strength (dynamometry), were measured at baseline and on follow-up after three months. The changes occurring in these variables over the three-month period were analyzed and the change in frailty was independently correlated with changes in each of the other outcomes.

Results: We couldn’t identify any statistically significant difference in frailty over a period of three months. However, there was a highly significant change in the physical activity status, lower extremity muscle strength, body composition, functional mobility, gait speed, and cognitive function in the same time period.

Conclusions: Though individual determinants of frailty in community dwelling changed over a three-month period, these changes failed to produce any observable/measurable difference in frailty status.
Czystość w narzeczeństwie i w życiu małżeńskim
Authors: Pyźlak Grzegorz
Published: December 2022

Czystość jako postawa duchowa winna wyrastać z niczym niezafałszowanego spojrzenia na miłość. Takie spojrzenie pozwala odkrywać, że płciowość ludzka jest czymś naturalnym, pozytywnym i wartościowym. Mimo niezmiennego stanowiska Kościoła wobec czystości jako cennego daru Boga, we współczesnych czasach zarówno czystość, jak i związana z nią wstrzemięźliwość seksualna w narzeczeństwie oraz w pożyciu małżeńskim budzą wiele emocji, pytań i kontrowersji. A przecież czystość przejawia się w panowaniu człowieka nad własnym popędem tak, że staje się on panem samego siebie, a przez to potrafi być również darem dla drugiej osoby. To właśnie te dwa wymiary integralności osoby i integralności daru z siebie są istotnymi elementami tego, co nazywamy czystością.
Development, dissemination and evaluation of a smartphone-based app for pressure ulcer/injury prevention and treatment for use at the bedside
Authors: Cuddigan Janet , Haesler Emily , Moore Zena , Carville Keryln , Kottner Jan
Published: December 2022

Objective:

After launching the 2019 International Pressure Ulcer/Injury Guideline, the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (NPIAP), the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP) and the Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance (PPPIA) collaborated with Sensorydata Corp., US, to develop a guideline app (InterPIP App). The app was designed to: present evidence-based guideline recommendations; incorporate search capacities and functionality to facilitate easy access to clinical guidance; provide accessibility in multiple languages; and to be available worldwide at a reasonable price, including opportunities for free access in low-resource countries. This paper describes the development, dissemination and formative evaluation of a mobile app providing evidence-based recommendations for pressure injury prevention, assessment/classification, and treatment at the point of care.

Method:

An evaluation tool was designed based on a framework developed by Nouri et al. and made available to all app subscribers.

Results:

The InterPIP App is currently available in 11 languages and had been downloaded 3616 times by February 2022 in 78 countries. A total of 62 individuals responded to the survey of end-users. In this formal evaluation of user experiences, the app was rated positively on criteria of: information/content; usability; design; functionality; ethics; and security/privacy (median=4 on a 1–5 Likert scale). Overall perceived value was ranked lower with a median of three. Users provided suggestions for ongoing app enhancement.

Conclusion:

The InterPIP App offers a unique opportunity to bring evidence-based guidance to the point of care. Formal evaluation of end-user experiences identified opportunities for quality improvement, and informed plans for future development and evaluation.
Terahertz antenna with tunable filtering
Authors: Ali Mohd Farman , Jawed Zaid , Raj Vinamra , Varshney Gaurav
Published: December 2022

A terahertz (THz) antenna with tunable filtering is designed and numerically studied. A
slotted monopole radiator with defected ground structure is used for
operating with wideband response with an impedance bandwidth in the
range of 3.80–11.98 THz for

S

11

≤
−
10

d
B

. A slot is engraved in the radiator
for obtaining the filtering characteristics in the antenna response.
By varying its chemical potential, the frequency band
5.05–6.69 THz with graphene material can provide the tunability
in the frequency and bandwidth of the filtered band in the antenna
response. Furthermore, the antenna can provide radiation efficiency of
more than 90% and gain with a peak value of 6.6 dBi in the
passband.
Equalization of camera-based channel to mitigate uncertain sampling for optical camera communications
Authors: Dong Ke , Ke Xizheng , Wang Mingjun
Published: December 2022

The asynchronous nature of optical camera communication makes uncertain sampling a fundamental and inevitable problem that degrades data transmission performance. Based on a parametric model describing the exposure effect of the camera-based channel as the source of uncertain sampling, a simple channel equalization method and implementation are proposed in this paper to mitigate the uncertain sampling by exploiting the space-time relationship of the transmitted spatial delayed pulse width modulation waveform on multiple light sources. In addition, the rate of equalization error caused by under-sampling and over-exposure is analyzed for different duty cycles and exposure times. Numerical simulation and experiment results demonstrate the availability and reliability in mitigating uncertain sampling by the proposed channel equalization.
On-chip mid-infrared optical sensing with GeSbSe waveguides and resonators
Authors: Grayson Michael , Krueper Greg , Xu Bo , Zohrabi Mo , Hjelme Dag , Gopinath Juliet T. , Park Wounjhang
Published: December 2022

We fabricated single mode Ge28Sb12Se60 waveguides and resonators using e-beam lithography and achieved a propagation loss of 3.88 dB/cm at 3.66 µm. We compared BCl3 and CHF3 etch chemistries and determined CHF3 produced 1.5 dB/cm higher propagation losses at 3.6 µm due to C-H bond absorption. We use fabricated waveguides to detect an aromatic aldehyde dissolved in a non-polar solvent with a limit of detection of 1.09 µmol/mL. We then reduce this detection limit to 0.25 µmol/mL using the enhancement produced by a chalcogenide ring resonator.
Laser Doppler multi-beam differential vibration sensor based on a line-scan CMOS camera for real-time buried objects detection
Authors: Aranchuk Vyacheslav , Johnson Stanley , Aranchuk Ina , Hickey Craig
Published: December 2022

Laser Doppler vibrometers (LDVs) traditionally used for ground vibration sensing in laser-acoustic detection of buried objects are limited to operation from a stationary platform due to their sensitivity to the motion of the LDV itself. In order to overcome this limitation a novel Laser Multi-Beam Differential Interferometric Sensor (LAMBDIS), has been developed. The LAMBDIS allows for measurements of vibration fields with interferometric sensitivity, while having low sensitivity to the motion of the sensor itself. The LAMBDIS described in this paper is based on a digital line-scan CMOS camera and FPGA based real-time signal processing. The principle of operation of the LAMBDIS employs the interference of light reflected from different points on the object surface illuminated with an array of laser beams. The Doppler shift induced by the sensor motion is canceled out thereby allowing for measurements from a moving vehicle. The ability of the LAMBDIS to detect buried objects in real time from a moving vehicle has been confirmed in field experiments.