bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prospect of Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Hypertrophic Onychomycosis
Authors:   Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs, Moscow, Surkichin S.I. , Kruglova L.S. , Mayorov R.Yu.
Published: May 2024

Onychomycosis is an infectious disease of the nail apparatus caused by pathogenic fungi (dermatophytes, non-dermatophytes and yeasts), clinically manifested most often by onycholysis of the nail plate, its thickening and subungual hyperkeratosis with significant physical, aesthetic and psychosocial consequences. When the prescription of systemic antimycotics is impossible or undesirable, the dermatovenerologist comes to the aid of hardware methods of influencing the affected tissue. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a worthy, non-invasive, safe method that will significantly reduce treatment time and reduce the number of relapses. However, it is advisable to use PDT only as part of a therapeutic complex.
Regression of Rhinophyma on the Background of Photodynamic Therapy of Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin of the Tip of the Nose
Authors:   City Clinical Oncological Hospital No. 1, Moscow, Ravodin R.A. ,   Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs, Moscow, Kruglova L.S. , Seleznev S.P.
Published: May 2024

The article describes a case of regression of rhinophyma against the background of photodynamic therapy of basal cell carcinoma of the skin of the nose tip. After a single session of photodynamic therapy using a systemic photosensitizer based on chloride (photoran), there was a significant decrease in the size of the nose (rhinophyma), the disappearance of erythema, puffiness, and the formation of the initial contours of the face of this anatomical area. Despite the marginal recurrence of basal cell carcinoma after six months at the site of previous treatment and a repeat session of photodynamic therapy, after one year of dynamic follow-up, remission of basal cell carcinoma and regression of rhinophyma persist. The described method of treatment is atraumatic, easily reproducible, well tolerated by patients, safe and allows patients with basal cell carcinoma in combination with rhinophyma to achieve complete remission of both diseases.
From Nonalcoholic to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Steatometry and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors as the Predictors of Steatohepatitis Development
Authors:   MedElit Medical Center, Moscow, Galushko M.Yu. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Ishchenko A.Yu. , Bakulin I.G.
Published: May 2024

Non-alcoholic metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is the most common liver sickness linked with the high risk of hepatic and extrahepatic complications. The article provides an overview of changes in the nomenclature of this disease, analysis of risk factors for its development and the results of own research. The aim of the study was to estimate the clinical significance of steatometry (CAP function) by Fibroscan and cardiometabolic factors in assessing the risk of steatohepatitis development. Material and methods. Patients with hepatic steatosis accompanied by metabolic disorders were examined. Steatometry as well as routine physical and laboratory examination, including biochemical blood tests and abdominal ultrasound were provided. Statistical analysis included χ2 test, Spearman's rank correlation test, Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney test, multiple linear regression analysis. Results. 74 patients were included. Main characteristics of the cohort: 62.2% male, mean age – 48.8 years, cases of steatohepatitis – 41.9%. It was revealed that the number of metabolic factors in an individual patient correlated with the presence of steatohepatitis (χ2 = 3.29; p < 0.05) and the severity of steatosis by steatometry (rs = 0.37; p < 0.05). Individual clinical and laboratory parameters influenced the severity of steatosis with varying degrees. The most significant parameters were: abdominal circumference, concentration of HDL, insulin, activity of ALT, GGTP, and the presence of arterial hypertension. Using these indicators, a formula for assessing the risk of severe liver steatosis was created. Conclusion. Steatometry is to be considered as an important diagnostic method for the prognosis assessment in patients who have risk factors for the development and progression of non-alcoholic metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Severe steatosis is a predictor of steatohepatitis. The number of metabolic factors present in an individual patient is important in assessing the risk of severe liver steatosis and steatohepatitis.
The Experience of Using Ustekinumab in Bio-Naive Patients with Crohn's Disease with Unfavorable Prognosis Factors: Real Clinical Practice
Authors:   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Knyazev O.V. , Schukina O.B. , Kagramanova A.V. , Lischinskaya A.A. , Li I.A. , Sabelnikova E.A. , Nanaeva B.A. ,   A.N. Ryzhikh National Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology,   Pavlov University, St. Petersburg,   Research Institute of Health Organization and Medical Management, Moscow,   Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Fadeeva N.A. , Shkurko T.V. , Nikolskaya K.A. , Lazuka N.V. , Parfenov A.I.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to study the effectiveness of ustekinumab (UST) depending on the dosage regimen (90 mg subcutaneously once every 8 or 12 weeks) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) who have unfavorable prognosis factors. Material and methods. To assess the effectiveness of the drug, we included in the study 38 patients with CD who had unfavorable prognosis factors, who were randomized into two groups of patients who received the drug in a 90 mg subcutaneous regimen once every 12 weeks (1-st group, n = 20) and 90 mg subcutaneously once every 8 weeks (2-nd group, n = 18). The gender and age of the patient were analyzed, including at the time of diagnosis, the severity and prevalence of CD; the presence of intestinal complications; the presence and localization of extra-intestinal manifestations; previous treatment was analyzed. Results. Clinical response and clinical remission were achieved in 19 (95.0%) patients of the first group and 18 (100.0%) patients of the second group (p > 0.05). Clinical remission was maintained (without the need for optimization of therapy) by the 52 week of follow-up in 18 (90.0%) patients, in the second group – 18 (100.0%) patients (p = 0.516). In the 1-st group 10 (50.0%) patients achieved and maintained endoscopic remission by the 52 week of follow-up, in the 2-nd group – 16 (88.9%) patients (p = 0.01492). During one year of follow-up, 10 (50.0%) patients of the 1-st group maintained clinical and endoscopic remission of CD, 8 (40.0%) patients maintained clinical response and clinical remission (a decrease of ≥ 100 points from the initial CDAI), 16 (88.9%) patients in the 2-nd group maintained clinical and endoscopic remission of CD. Clinical response and clinical remission were maintained in 2 (11.1%) patients. Clinical and endoscopic remission in patients with CD receiving the drug was achieved in the 2-nd group (p = 0.01492). Without steroidal remission in patients in 1-st group was 65.0%, and in in 2-nd group about 95% (p = 0.04502). Conclusion. This clinical observation demonstrated statistically significantly higher therapeutic efficacy (clinico-endoscopic, without steroidal remission) in CD patients with adverse prognosis factors receiving UST 90 mg subcutaneously every 8 weeks.
Interdisciplinary Consensus RE.GA.IN.: What is New? Part I: Definitions, Helicobacter pylori-Associated and Autoimmune Gastritis
Authors:   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Bordin D.S. , Mozgovoy S.I. , Livzan M.A. ,   Russian University of Medicine, Moscow,   Tver State Medical University,   Omsk State Medical University, Gaus O.V. , Maev I.V.
Published: May 2024

The most relevant topics related to gastritis were addressed in the work of the international group for the study of gastritis in clinical practice – Real-World Gastritis Initiative (RE.GA.IN.), from the revision of the definition of the disease to clinical diagnosis and assessment of prognosis. The RE.GA.IN. interdisciplinary consensus brought together gastritis scholars from five continents. After active debates on the most controversial aspects, the RE.GA.IN. consensus summarised the existing scientific evidence in order to develop patient-centred, evidence-based key messages to assist specialist physicians in their daily clinical practice. The ultimate goal of RE.GA.IN. was and remains to contribute to the further improvement of the clinical management of patients with gastritis. This article presents the RE.GA.IN. consensus statements defining the concepts of normality, current concepts of H. pylori-associated gastritis and autoimmune gastritis.
Mechanism of Small Cholangiocyte Injury in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors:   Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Reshetnyak V.I. , Maev I.V.
Published: May 2024

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic progressive liver disease and one of the most important progressive cholangiopathies in adults. Damage to cholangiocytes triggers the development of intrahepatic cholestasis, which progresses to cirrhosis in the terminal stage of the disease. Accumulating data indicate that damage to biliary epithelial cells [(BECs), cholangiocytes] is most likely associated with the intracellular accumulation of bile acids, which have potent detergent properties and damaging effects on cell membranes. The mechanisms underlying uncontrolled bile acid intake into BECs in PBC are associated with pH change in the bile duct lumen, which is controlled by the bicarbonate (HCO3-) buffer system "biliary HCO3- umbrella". The impaired production and entry of HCO3- from BECs into the bile duct lumen is due to epigenetic changes in expression of the X-linked microRNA 506. Based on the growing body of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of cholangiocyte damage in patients with PBC, we propose a hypothesis explaining the pathogenesis of the first morphologic (ductulopenia), immunologic (antimitochondrial autoantibodies) and clinical (weakness, malaise, rapid fatigue) signs of the disease in the asymptomatic stage. This review focuses on the consideration of these mechanisms.
Clinical Phenotypes of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors:   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Sandler Yu.G. , Vinnitskaya E.V. , Aleksandrova E.N.
Published: May 2024

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) has all the characteristic signs of an autoimmune disease, has a variability of clinical manifestations, depending on age, gender, the presence of concomitant pathology, hormonal background, may differ in the frequency of immune-mediated diseases, serological profile, unequal response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST), have different variants of the onset, course and outcome of the disease. All this complicates the diagnosis and determines the expediency of isolating clinical AIH phenotypes. The recognition of AIH phenotypes in various clinical situations is crucial, since early diagnosis and timely IST can not only improve the quality of life, preserve the ability to work, but in some cases save the patient's life. In this article, we conduct a comprehensive review of the clinical phenotypes of AIH, emphasizing the clinical heterogeneity of the disease.
Metabolic Analysis and Renal Protective Effects of Linagliptin and Empagliflozin in Alport Syndrome
Authors: Ge Mengyuan , Molina Judith , Tamayo Ian , Zhang Guanshi , Kim Jin-Ju , Njeim Rachel , Fontanesi Flavia , Pieper Michael Paul , Merscher Sandra , Sharma Kumar , Fornoni Alessia
Published: May 2024

Key Points

Linagliptin reduces kidney function decline and extends lifespan in Alport syndrome mice.

Inhibiting the generation of glucose metabolites could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alport syndrome.

Background

We previously demonstrated that empagliflozin (Empa), a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, reduces intrarenal lipid accumulation and slows kidney function decline in experimental Alport syndrome (AS). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the renal protective benefits of linagliptin (Lina), a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in AS, and compare it with Empa.

Methods

Metabolite distribution in kidney cortices was assessed using mass spectrometry imaging. We examined albuminuria and histological changes in kidneys from AS mice treated with Lina and/or Empa or vehicle.

Results

Several metabolites, including adrenic acid and glucose, were increased in renal cortices of AS mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice, whereas eicosapentaenoic acid levels were decreased. In addition, a redistribution of adrenic acid from the glomerular compartment in WT mice to the tubulointerstitial compartment in AS mice was observed. Both Lina and Empa treatments were found to reduce albuminuria to extend the survival of AS mice for about 10 days and to decrease glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis compared with WT mice. There were no significant differences with regard to the renal phenotype observed between Empa- and Lina-treated AS mice, and the combination of Lina and Empa was not superior to individual treatments. In vitro experiments revealed that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 is expressed in podocytes and tubular cells derived from both AS and WT mice. Differently from what we have reported for Empa, Lina treatment was found to reduce glucose-driven respiration in AS tubular cells but not in AS podocytes.

Conclusions

Renal expression patterns and spatial distribution of several metabolites differ in AS compared with WT mice. Although Lina and Empa treatments similarly partially slow the progression of kidney disease in AS, the metabolic mechanisms conferring the protective effect may be different.
Magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of pudendal nerves in mature men after surgical interventions on pelvic organs
Authors:   Irkutsk State Medical University, Beloborodov V. A. , Stepanov I. A. ,   Irkutsk State Medical University,   Kharlampiev Clinic
Published: May 2024

The work studied the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomy of the pudendal nerves in mature men who underwent surgery on pelvic organs. The study included 75 patients (30 patients in the first period of adulthood and 45 patients in the second period of adulthood). Thirty-seven patients underwent prostatectomy and 38 respondents underwent rectal resection. The single-trunk nature of the branching of the nerve, in which the pudendal nerve passes under the sacrospinous ligament, was found in the majority of patients (65.3%). The sources of formation of the pudendal nerves in 45 (60.0%) cases were the roots S2, S3 and S4, in 19 (25.3%) respondents the pudendal nerves were formed from the roots S2 and S4 and in 11 (14.6%) of respondents, the nerves originated from the S3 and S4 roots. The genital canals originate 22.5±3.2 mm below the ischial tuberosity and lie 39.8±9.5 mm anterior to it, the canals end at the level of the lower edge of the pubic symphysis 24.4±10.9 mm behind it. The average cross-sectional area of the genitals was 27.9±9.2 mm2. The average diameters of the pudendal nerve trunks at a level of 2 cm distal to the piriformis muscle were 4.63 mm, 1.85 mm, and 1.64 mm for the first, second, and third trunks, respectively. The average length of the pudendal nerve trunks before division into terminal branches was 25.23 mm. A comparison of the skeletotopic characteristics of the genital canals between patients with a conditional norm and patients after surgery on the pelvic organs demonstrated the presence of significant differences (p=0.023).
Effect of mexidol administration against the 60-day exposure the tartrazine on the ultrastructure of endocrinocytes of the adrenal cortex of rats
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Morozov V. N.
Published: May 2024

Methods. In the experiment, 30 white mature rats were divided into 5 groups: Group 1 — control, Group 2 and Group 3 — rats exposed to tartrazine at the rate of 750 and 1500 mg/kg for 60 days. In the Group 4 and Group 5, mexidol was injected intramuscularly at the rate of 50 mg/kg against the background of the conditions of the Group 2 and Group 3. Electron microscopic examination of the adrenal glands was performed according to the standard protocol. Results. In the Group 2, epithelial cells of the glomerular and fascicular zones have a round or oval nucleus with uneven contours. The nucleus contains accumulations of heterochromatin under the karyolemma and in the karyoplasm. Large mitochondria with vesicular cristae are observed in the cytoplasm. The cisterns of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum are poorly developed. Lipid inclusions are located in groups or singly. In the Group 3, mitochondria with partially destroyed cristae were detected in the cytoplasm of endocrinocytes of the zona glomerulosa, and in the epithelial cells of the zona fasciculata, loosely packed lamellar structures were detected in the center or periphery of mitochondria, as well as cells with apoptosis. Endocrinocytes of the zona reticularis have a small size, an oval nucleus with slightly tortuous contours and accumulations of heterochromatin in the karyoplasm in the rats of the Group 2. Mitochondria were large and medium in size with spherical cristae in cross section, the cisterns of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum are unevenly expanded and fill the gaps between mitochondria. In the Group 3, almost half of the large mitochondria have densely packed lamellar structures along the periphery or in the center. Conclusion. The above-established ultramicroscopic features of endocrinocytes of the adrenal cortex after 60 days of exposure to tartrazine indicate a decrease in their secretory activity, which depends on the dose of the supplement administered. The introduction of mexidol against this background helps to restore the disturbed ultramicroscopic picture of cells to control values, which is more pronounced in the Group 4.
Using anatomical table to study variant anatomy of forearm arteries
Authors:   Pskov State University, Murashov O. V. , Ivanova N. V. ,   Pskov State University
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the variant anatomy of the arteries of the forearm. The study was carried out on photorealistic copies of four corpses (two Mongoloids and two Caucasoids) based on the use of the anatomical table "Anatomage Table EDU 6.0.2". Variants of branching of the radial and ulnar arteries were identified, differing from the description in classical anatomy. The results obtained can be useful for developing a student's understanding of the importance of an individual approach to the patient, as well as have practical significance for doctors when performing medical manipulations and planning access for surgical intervention.
Platelet aggregation during the administration of non-selective nsaids in women with nephrolithiasis
Authors:   Donetsk State Medical University named after M. Gorky, Barinov E. F. , Akhundova S. A. ,   Donetsk State Medical University named after M. Gorky, Giller D. I. ,   Donetsk State Medical University named after M. Gorky, Yureva A. S. ,   Donetsk State Medical University named after M. Gorky
Published: May 2024

Aim: to evaluate the effect of adrenergic and purinergic signaling in platelets (PLT) during COX inhibition on the severity of hematuria in women with nephrolithiasis (NLT). Material and Methods. The study was prospective and included 60 patients with imaging evidence of urinary tract stones, who were treated with high doses of non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as part of lithokinetic therapy (LKT) for analgesia. The study included 30 women who had reproducible TP-receptor hyporeactivity (<45%) after 72h of LKT with non-selective NSAIDs. The severity of hematuria was assessed at the time of hospitalization and for 7 days of LCT. The activity of the TP receptor, α2-adrenergic receptor, purine P2X1- and P2Y-receptors (P2Y1, P2Y12) was studied by turbidimetric method on a ChronoLog analyzer (USA). Agonists (arachidonic acid, epinephrine, ATP and ADP) were used at EC50 and EC10 concentrations. Statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc package. Results. After 72 hours of LCT, the activity of the TP receptor, α2-adrenergic receptor and purine P2-receptors of PLT decreased and reached the level of hyporeactivity. Recovery of the activity of P2X1- and P2Y-receptors to the level of normoreactivity was registered after 5 days, while the activity of the α2-adrenergic receptor remained in the range of hyporeactivity. On day 7, α2-adrenergic receptor and P2X1-receptor hyperreactivity developed and P2Yreceptor normoreactivity remained. The effectiveness of compensatory reactions of PLT aimed at limiting hematuria depended on the synergism of functionally active receptors. Conclusion. In women with nephrolithiasis during the administration of non-selective NSAIDs, the spontaneous increase in α2- adrenoreceptor activity is indicative of the lability of the sympathoadrenal system caused by the trafficking of stones in the urinary tract. The limitation of hematuria observed in this case is associated with increased proaggregation activity of platelet hemostasis due to synergism of α2-adrenoreceptor and P2-receptors.
Gender features of metabolic syndrome components in young age
Authors:   South Ural State Medical University, Sumerkina V. А. , Chulkov V. S. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Golovneva Е. S. ,   South Ural State Medical University,   Multidisciplinary Center of Laser Medicine, Telesheva L. F. ,   South Ural State Medical University
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the clinical and laboratory features of young men and women with abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. The study was carried out on 173 patients of both sexes aged 18-45 years. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 – isolated abdominal obesity (AO); group 2 – combination of abdominal obesity with 1 of the metabolic syndrome components (AO+1); group 3 – metabolic syndrome (MetS). It was found that in young men, the values of carbohydrate (glucose, insulin) and lipid metabolism (HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides), insulin resistance indices (HOMA-IR, TyG) in the AO and AO+1 groups were homogeneous. However, the ratio of TG/HDL in the AO+1 group exceeded the value of the AO group. Women in the AO+1 group showed changes relative to the group of women with isolated AO that are hyperglycemia, increased LDL cholesterol, insulin resistance (increased TG/HDL) and dysfunction of visceral adipose tissue (increased VAI). Young men with MetS are characterized by excess body weight, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia (increased LDL cholesterol and triglycerides), insulin resistance (as measured by TyG and TG/HDL), and dysfunction of visceral adipose tissue. The gender feature of women is the development of MetS on the background of obesity, dysfunction of visceral adipose tissue and insulin resistance in combination with deeper changes in lipid metabolism (increased LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as a decrease in HDL cholesterol).
Sulfur-containing meso-(anti)oxidants: pharmacological analysis and prospects for their application in phtisiopulmonology. Part I
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Gudz P. A. , Maksimyuk N. N. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Trufanova E. D. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Khroutsky K. S. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University
Published: May 2024

The authors set their goal to study adjuvant therapy in the complex treatment of phthisiopulmonology patients based on the principles of domestic integrative physiology. At the forefront, there are both the physiological issue of the homeodynamic optimum of pro- and antioxidant balance and the issue of existing sulfur-containing antioxidant agents, based on which molecular sulfur shows its ambivalent abilities, namely, to act as a physiologically active donor and acceptor of free electrons. At the same time,the issue of imbalance becomes relevant as the leading cause of redox homeostasis disorders. In the approach taken, the authors discover grounds for putting forward the concept of meso-oxidants. The latter have as their main function the retaining of physiological redox homeostasis, through the constant maintenance of pro- and antioxidant equilibrium. In support of this conclusion, the authors make pharmacodynamic analysis of sulfur medicinal compounds; from the standpoint of integrative science, they provide physiological analogies; and (in relation to sulfur) they attract data from the history of medicine. The final conclusion and solution of the planned task is the recognition of the pharmacological substance acetylcysteine as a leading sulfur-containing meso-(anti)oxidant; and that aims the authors to carry out the second part of the plan that is experimental testing of the put forward scientific hypothesis.
Dative subject and predicativity: towards the typology of Russian infinitive phrases
Authors:   Herzen  State  Pedagogical  University  of  Russia, Dymarsky M. Ya. ,   The Institute  for  Linguistic  Studies  of  the  Russian  Academy  of  Sciences
Published: May 2024

The article deals with two interrelated theses, often found in works that are more or less focused on generative grammar: 1) any infinitive group is a clause; 2) each infinitive clause contains the position for a dative subject, including the zero one (PRODAT). A clause is interpreted as “minimal grammatical unit corresponding to a proposition” (S. S. Sai). The focus is on infinitive groups that function as 1) the semantic component of the compound verb predicate(nachal izuchat’ francuzskij‘started learning French’), 2) object (poprosil zhenu prigotovit’ obed‘asked the wife to cook dinner’), 3) adverbial modifier (poshel otpravlyat’ pis’mo‘went to send a letter’), 4)subordinate clause (chtoby otpravit’ pis’mo‘...to send a letter’). A distinction is made between complete and incomplete clauses. Complete ones contain a dative subject, which, when expressed by zero, is easily restored, and fully reflect the structure of the proposition. Only such infinitive clauses are characterized by predicativity; these include subordinate clauses. Incomplete infinitive clauses in the role of an object and an adverbial modifier (“sentential actant” and “sentential circonstant”) cannot contain a pronounced dative subject. Constructions with incomplete clauses cannot be recognized as polypredicative, but they can be recognized as polypropositive. Some examples, designed to prove the presence of a zero dative subject (PRODAT) in them, are considered, the ungrammaticality and inconsistency of these examples with the usus is demonstrated. It is concluded that in such cases there is no syntactic position for the dative subject, while semantically the subject is transmitted into an incomplete infinitive clause from the “matrix clause”.It is proposed to refer to such constructions as merged clauses. For constructions with infinitive groups arising from the phase or modal modification of a simple verbal predicate, it is considered expedient to retain the traditional name of the compound verbal predicate, since such constructions are not only monopredicative, but also monopropositive. The concept of an infinitive clause is not applicable to such constructions.
Statements with the semantics of controllability
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Steksova T. I.
Published: May 2024

This article fits into the circle of studies of semantic categories. In it, the author considers the semantic type of sentences with the semantics of accountability, which is a subcategory of controllability and is characterized by greater semantic complexity. It is noted that all sentences of this semantic type are polypropositive, regardless of the structure of the sentence. One of the propositions reflects the controlling situation, the other the controlled one. Each control situation includes the following components: subject of control + predicate + object of control. The object of control is the controlled situation with its subject and predicate. The article gives the characteristics of all components of the semantic structure, distinguishes two typesof controllability: with external control and self-control. It is fixed that the distinguished two types of accountability react differently to the introduction of negation. Attention is drawn to the fact that a change or loss of at least one of the differential features of the components of the semantic structure takes the sentence beyond the boundaries of this semantic type and allows it to express related semantics on the basis of controllability/uncontrollability. This allows us to speak about the diffuseness of the semantics of controllability/uncontrollability. A set of different syntactic constructions is revealed to express the studied semantics. It is shown that the choice of construction is connected with the intention of the speaker: to present the situation under control as dominant or background. It is noted that typical linguistic markers of the semantics of controllability have been semantically “emptied” in recent years, losing their specific content or being used as euphemisms, which explains their increased (according to the National Corpus of the Russian Language) frequency of use.
LEVANTAMENTO SOBRE A IMUNIZAÇÃO CONTRA O SARS-COV-2 NA COMUNIDADE DA PUC-GOIÁS
Authors: Bruno Coelho Duarte Oliveira Bruno , Alves Irineu Neto Renot , Luiz Borges Leonardo , Henrique Nascente Costa Sérgio , Moura Gomes Clayson
Published: May 2024

A COVID-19 é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo SARS-CoV-2. Os sintomas variam, podendo ser assintomáticos ou leves, porém podem evoluir para quadros graves ou óbito. É essencial ter um plano efetivo de vacinação e acesso universal às vacinas para conter a doença, no entanto, há preocupações com a queda da cobertura vacinal no Brasil. Logo, avaliar a cobertura vacinal e caracterizar fatores que possam ter contribuído para o agravamento da doença em um meio acadêmico, onde há acesso à informação, é relevante para monitoramento e planos de ação para esta população. Objetivo: Avaliar e caracterizar a adesão vacinal contra a COVID-19 em estudantes e funcionários da PUC-GO. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e analítico realizado com a participação de 488 alunos e funcionários da PUC-GO, que teve como instrumento de coleta um questionário elaborado pelos autores. Resultados e Discussão: Identificou-se uma tendência em relação ao sexo feminino em ter uma maior porcentagem de infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 em relação ao masculino, mas nenhuma associação significativa em relação a infecção por COVID (p<0,05) foi observada. Os imunizantes mais aplicados foram da Pfizer (49,6%) e AstraZeneca (22%), com incidência de efeitos adversos de 31,1% e 20,1%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Foi observado uma adesão completa de vacinação dos participantes e não foi observado um padrão característico de progressão ou aparecimento da doença. Diante da incerteza do prognóstico da COVID-19 e o desafio de encontrar um padrão epidemiológico da doença, é crucial continuar o processo de vacinação e realizar novos estudos para entendê-la.
Giant Hepatic Hemangioma: A Case Report
Authors: Lemtouni K. , Hamdane J. , Diani A. , Benzalim M. , Alj S.
Published: May 2024

A giant hepatic hemangioma is a large benign liver tumor, typically over 10 cm in size. While often asymptomatic, these tumors can cause abdominal discomfort or pain. Diagnosis relies on imaging like ultrasound and CT/MRI scans showing characteristic features. Treatment options include surgery for symptomatic or enlarging tumors, with alternative approaches like embolization or ablation considered in certain cases. Prognosis is generally good with appropriate management, including rare instances of spontaneous regression, especially in postmenopausal women. Further research is needed to refine treatment strategies for giant hepatic hemangiomas.
CONECTADOS E ANSIOSOS? O IMPACTO DAS REDES SOCIAIS NA VIDA DOS ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Lacerda da Silva Débora Rayane , Batista Lacerda Maria Emanuelly , Ferreira de Lima Anyelle , Nunes Alves de Sousa Milena
Published: May 2024

O termo saúde mental refere-se a um estado de bem-estar no qual um indivíduo é capaz de lidar eficazmente com as pressões da vida e contribuir positivamente para sua comunidade. A ansiedade é elemento-chave nesse contexto, especialmente na adolescência, em que fatores sociais e o uso das redes sociais podem desempenhar um papel significativo. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar o impacto das redes sociais na ansiedade dos adolescentes, analisando suas influências e implicações biopsicossociais. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática do tipo integrativa com a seguinte questão norteadora: o uso das redes sociais impacta na vida dos adolescentes? Esses impactos influenciam os níveis de ansiedade? Quais são as implicações biopsicossociais?” Os artigos foram extraídos das bases de dados U.S. National Library of Medicine e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. A estratégia de busca, a partir dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde e da combinação com os operadores booleanos AND e OR. foi << ansiedade AND "redes sociais online" OR "rede social" AND adolescente >>. A seleção dos materiais foi por meio de critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Foram alcançados 707 artigos inicialmente e, dentre eles, 16 selecionados. Os resultados indicaram que o uso excessivo de mídias, a forma de utilização e a dependência podem desencadear sintomas de ansiedade, depressão, distúrbios do sono e comprometimento da saúde física. Embora as redes sociais ofereçam benefícios e facilitem a comunicação, os desafios associados a esses impactos demandam uma investigação mais detalhada e uma abordagem cautelosa.
Impact of Digital Transformation on Small Businesses
Authors: Shivaansh Vats
Published: May 2024

In the era of digital transformation, small enterprises encounter hitherto unseen obstacles as well as prospects. The introduction of digital transformation has completely changed how companies run, interact with clients, and communicate. In order to remain competitive, small businesses are realizing that they must adapt to the changing digital landscape. This includes using data analytics and adopting e-commerce. This essay examines the complex effects of digital transformation on small firms, emphasizing both the benefits and drawbacks of this change. The process of integrating digital technology into every facet of an organization and radically altering how it functions and provides value to clients is known as digital transformation. This transformation involves leveraging technologies such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to streamline processes, enhance efficiency, and improve customer experiences. For small businesses, digital transformation is not merely an option but a necessity to survive and thrive in today's fast-paced and highly interconnected world.
О ВИНОГРАДАРСТВЕ НАДТЕРЕЧНОГО РАЙОНА ЧЕЧЕНСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ. ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Зармаев А.А.
Published: May 2024

В статье рассмотрены вопросы по внедрению виноградарства в Надтеречном районе Чеченской Республики, где проживают чеченцы, которые до 60-х гг. прошлого века культурой винограда не занимались. Этот район явился первым среди подобных, где виноградарство стало новой и основной отраслью агропромышленного комплекса. Проанализированы факторы, благоприятствовавшие развитию виноградарства, среди которых, в первую очередь, выделены относительно благоприятные почвенно-климатические условия района; возможность орошения виноградников с помощью Надтеречного оросительного канала; необходимость ликвидации безработицы среди широких слоев населения, возвратившиеся из депортации на родину; последовательная политика Партии и Правительства в деле развития виноградарства, а также углубление и расширение специализации винсовхозов по выращиванию винограда.
Установлена ведущая роль производственно-совхозного объединения «Чеченингушвино» по созданию благоприятных условий для функционирования виноградарских хозяйств за счет централизованного обеспечения их материально-техническими и финансовыми ресурсами, техникой, удобрениями, ядохимикатами и посадочным материалом винограда, а также в улучшении социально-экономических условий на селе за счет строительства жилья для работников хозяйств, детских садов, школ, дорог и других объектов инфраструктуры.
Проанализированы результаты работы хозяйств по расширению площадей виноградников, увеличению урожайности и валового сбора винограда. При этом отмечена роль ученых и практиков-виноградарей в деле повышения производительности труда и урожайности, благодаря разработке более прогрессивных методов организации труда и приемов агротехники.
Вместе с тем выявлены причины, приведшие на пике развития виноградарства к постепенной деградации данной отрасли. К их числу следует отнести, в первую очередь, антинародный Указ Михаила Горбачева о борьбе с алкоголизмом и пьянством, обезличивание виноградовинодельческой отрасли путем ликвидации ПСО «Чеченингушвино», резкое ухудшение снабжения хозяйств материально-техническими и финансовыми ресурсами, распад СССР и две военные компании, прошедшие на территории республики.
На основе проведенного исследования дается заключение о возможности возрождения виноградарства в Надтеречном районе путем развития малого и среднего бизнеса при поддержке государства.
TRANSTORNO DE PERSONALIDADE BORDERLINE: ABORDAGENS TERAPÊUTICAS E MANEJO CLÍNICO
Authors: Julia da Silva Pinheiro
Published: May 2024

Durante muitos anos, o Transtorno de Personalidade Borderline (TPB) foi considerado como uma condição de saúde mental difícil de tratar. No entanto, nos últimos anos, diversos métodos terapêuticos, como a Terapia Comportamental Dialética (DBT), o Tratamento Baseado na Mentalização (MBT) e a Psicoterapia Focada na Transferência (TFP), mostraram o contrário. O desafio atual é a disponibilidade limitada dessas terapias. Diante dessa alta procura por profissionais capacitados, surgiram abordagens generalistas como o Bom Manejo Clínico (GPM). Este artigo explora a estrutura e os princípios do GPM, que guiam os clínicos gerais no planejamento de tratamentos médicos para o transtorno, no manejo de casos e em intervenções terapêuticas de apoio. Também exemplificamos a abordagem com um caso específico e examinamos os desenvolvimentos mais recentes, como a integração do GPM com a DBT e o GPM voltado para adolescentes (GPM-A).
USO DO ELETROCARDIOGRAMA NA DETECÇÃO PRECOCE DE INFARTO AGUDO DO MIOCÁRDIO
Authors: Samuel Najjar Abramo Veiga
Published: May 2024

O infarto do miocárdio, popularmente conhecido como ataque cardíaco, é uma das principais causas de óbito em nações desenvolvidas. Devido ao aumento na sua ocorrência, tornou-se uma questão de saúde pública de extrema importância nos dias atuais. O diagnóstico é realizado a partir de pelo menos dois dos seguintes elementos: sintomas específicos, alterações no eletrocardiograma (ECG) e elevação nos níveis de enzimas cardíacas no sangue, que atuam como marcadores bioquímicos do problema. Os biomarcadores desempenham um papel crucial na identificação e previsão do prognóstico de pacientes com suspeita de infarto do miocárdio, sendo que, atualmente, as troponinas cardíacas são os biomarcadores mais indicados para essa finalidade. Contudo, outros marcadores relevantes estão sendo empregados e avanços nas pesquisas prometem aprimorar os desfechos relacionados ao infarto do miocárdio. Esta análise busca discutir a aplicação dos novos biomarcadores cardíacos no diagnóstico do infarto do miocárdio, compará-los e apresentar as novas descobertas obtidas a partir de estudos já existentes.Através da análise das ondas elétricas do coração, o ECG fornece informações cruciais sobre a localização e a extensão do dano muscular cardíaco causado pela obstrução do fluxo sanguíneo coronário.
Sentiment Analysis Using PSEUDO Nearest Neighbor and TF-IDF TEXT Vectorizer
Authors: Pratama Yogi , Abdiansyah Abdiansyah , Miraswan Kanda Januar
Published: May 2024

Twitter is one of the social media that is often used by researchers as an object of research to conduct sentiment analysis. Twitter is also a good indicator in influencing research, problems that often arise in research in the field of sentiment analysis are the many factors such as the use of colloquial or informal language and other factors that can affect sentiment results. To improve the results of sentiment classification, it is necessary to carry out a good information extraction process. One of the word weighting methods resulting from the information extraction process is the TF-IDF Vectorizer. This study examines the effect of the TF-IDF Vectorizer weighting results in sentiment analysis using the Pseudo Nearest Neighbor method. The results of the f-measure classification of sentiment using the TF-IDF Vectorizer at parameters k-2 = 89%, k-3 = 89%, k-4 = 71% and k-5 = 75% while without using the TF-IDF Vectorizer on the parameters k-2 = 90%, k-3 = 92%, k-4 = 84% and k-5 = 89%. From the results of the classification of sentiment analysis that does not use the TF-IDF Vectorizer, the f-measure value is slightly better than using it.
A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENTS’ LISTENING SKILLS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Getachew Mihret  , Dr. Jagdish Joshi
Published: May 2024

The intent of this systematically reviewed literature was to assess the connection between students’ listening skills and their academic achievements. The researcher gathered previously conducted articles from Scopus data base. He examined papers that were released in the years from 2000-2022. To guide the review, the researcher performed six actions; systematic literature review using PRISMA method (Mihret, G. et al., 2024). Among 39 scrutinized articles, the researcher retained 12 articles. The researcher used key words: academic achievement, skill, academic performance, listening skill, listening comprehension and academic achievements to run his study. The retrieval date for articles was 16 of May 2024. The publication stage that the researcher used was final articles not article in press and the document type was articles which were published in English language. Predominantly, the subject areas he used were Social Sciences, Psychology and Arts and Humanities. The findings seem to suggest students learn instructions more successfully when they are quiet, concentrated, and not twitching. As a result, teachers may not need to repeat instructions as often. This means, students’ listening skill and their academic achievements have direct or positive relationships. Future research on the area indicated that when learners are eager and keen on listening, they will achieve their educational goals easily.
When medical students are autonomously motivated to mentor: a pilot study on confidence in clinical teaching and psychological well-being
Authors: Nair Revathi , Shmon Tori , Neufeld Adam , McKague Meredith , Malin Greg
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Near peer mentorship (NPM) programs can help support medical students’ well-being. Most studies, however, have not accounted for students’ underlying motives to mentor, nor focused on clinical skills development and teaching. These limitations represent opportunities to better understand what motivates medical student mentors, and how to support their autonomous motivation, clinical development, and well-being.
Methods: Informed by self-determination theory (SDT), we collected data from a group of medical student mentors involved in a NPM program at the University of Saskatchewan called PULSE. We then used correlation and regression to assess the relationship between students’ autonomous motivation towards mentoring, perceived competence in teaching the clinical material, and psychological well-being.
Results: In line with our hypotheses, autonomous motivation towards mentoring (identified motivation in particular) was associated with higher perceived competence in clinical teaching, which in turn was associated with greater psychological well-being.
Conclusions: Why medical students choose to mentor in NPM programs appears to have important implications for their clinical confidence and overall well-being. Findings are discussed in terms of designing NPM programs that support student growth and wellness in Canadian medical education.
Reading between the lines: exploring the unwritten rules of letters of recommendation in the Canadian resident selection process
Authors: Rachul Christen , Collins Benjamin , Porhownik Nancy , Fleisher William
Published: May 2024

Background: Efforts to better understand and improve letters of recommendation (LORs) in the resident selection process have identified unwritten rules and hidden practices that may limit their effectiveness. The objective of our study is to explore these unwritten rules and hidden practices more fully in one Canadian academic medical community.
Methods: We conducted semi-structured, discourse-based interviews with 18 faculty members from the departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry at the University of Manitoba, Canada. Interviews were guided by sample LORs and were focused on experiences with either writing or reading LORs. We analyzed interviews using key concepts from genre theory and Aristotle’s appeals to ethos, logos, and pathos.
Results: Participants described how the practices surrounding LORs are guided by unwritten rules. These practices contributed to writers’ use of visible strategies and textual silence to establish credibility, build a strong case, and appeal to readers. Readers rely on similar strategies, but not always as intended by the writers.
Conclusions: The unwritten rules of one academic community can impede a nationally-facilitated resident selection process. Our findings highlight how critiques and potential improvements to LORs could benefit from considering the use of visible and invisible rhetorical strategies in specific contexts.
EFFICIENT CLONAL PROPAGATION OF GUAVA CULTIVARS BY MINI SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS
Authors: Awan B.A. , Usman M , Fatima B , Ur-Rehman Fiaz , Masood U
Published: May 2024

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is commercially propagated by seeds in Punjab and vegetative propagation systems are lacking. Propagation by stem cuttings is handicapped by the non-availability of plant material in bulk for cuttings and season dependency. Hence, juvenile mini softwood (MSW) shoot cuttings (3"-4") of Gola (Round) cultivar having two to three nodes were treated with plant growth regulators (PGRs) including indole butyric acid ‘IBA’ or naphthalene acetic acid ‘NAA’ in combinations with benzyl aminopurine ‘BAP’ and planted in sand, silt and coco peat (40:40:20 v/v) under CRD layout for PGR optimization. Cuttings treated with BAP and IBA (2 mgL-1 + 3 mgL-1) started early sprouting in 8 days and induced a greater number of branches (5-6), number of leaves (11), number of roots (6-7) and long roots (14 cm). Whereas, sprout length was higher up to 14 cm in cuttings treated with BAP and IBA (3 mgL-1 + 1 mgL-1). In the second part of the study, application of the optimized PGR treatment of BAP and IBA (2 mgL-1 + 3 mgL-1) to MSW cuttings of different commercial strains of cultivars Gola (Round) and Surahi (Pyriform) showed a better number of roots (5, 4), root length (13 cm, 11 cm), bud sprouting (100% and 80%) and number of nodes (5 each) in Gola (Sadabahar ‘G1’) and Surahi (Sindhi Bao ‘S2’), respectively. The rooted cuttings were maintained under standard growth room conditions and higher humidity till proper plant growth and the established plantlets were transferred to green house. This study established an efficient clonal propagation system using MSW cuttings thus reducing the plant material and PGRs required for mass multiplication of elite guava cultivars.
Keywords: Auxin, cytokinin, softwood cuttings, shoot, rooting.