bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the public sector optometric service provided within the health districts in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Maake Moraka E. , Moodley Vanessa R.
Published: April 2018

Background: In South Africa, optometry has been traditionally positioned within the private sector. The situation has gradually changed over the past two decades, with optometry being introduced into the public sector in many parts of the country. Despite the growing numbers, optometrists are still new within the public health sector, motivating this study to evaluate the eye care services they provide.Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study was undertaken. Stratified random selection was applied to select the study sites, and systematic sampling was used to select patients’ files. A saturated sample of public sector optometrists employed in the selected districts completed study questionnaires. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Version 21.Results: A total of 2968 records were reviewed, and gender distribution was 67.6% female and 32.4% male. Refraction (86.73%) was the most frequently conducted test, followed by ophthalmoscopy (74.73%), colour vision (0.07%) and gonioscopy (0.03%). The response rate for the questionnaires was 64.7%. Optometric outreach services were conducted by 54.5% of optometrists, and the majority (83.3%) reported that the farthest outreach facility was more than 50 km from their base hospital. The availability of equipment at outreach facilities was less as compared to base hospitals, while some reported not having the necessary equipment even at base hospitals. None of the optometrists did contact lens fitting at outreach facilities. A lack of equipment was cited as one of the reasons for not providing this service by 100% of optometrists. Most optometrists (63.6%) believed that more than 30% of their referrals might have been avoided if they had prescribed therapeutic agents to manage ocular conditions.Conclusion: Introducing optometrists within the public sector improves access to services for rural communities. However, the minimum standard of optometric care is not practised, allegedly because of a lack of equipment. Therefore, resources should be made available to enable optometrists to provide comprehensive optometric services. In addition, the study highlighted the need for more optometry posts in rural communities and for the implementation of career growth paths to attract and retain optometrists within the public sector.
Addressing the incremental risks associated with adopting Bring Your Own Device
Authors: Weber Lyle , Rudman Riaan J.
Published: April 2018

Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) involves allowing employees to use their own mobile devices to access their organisations’ networks. Many organisations are embracing this trend as a means to cut information technology (IT) expenditure, enhance employee satisfaction, etc. However, these and other benefits come at a cost in the form of exposing an organisation to new risks. The aim of this research was to assist organisations to identify the incremental risks they could potentially encounter if they implement a BYOD programme and how they can reduce the risks directly related to BYOD to an acceptable level. An extensive literature review was performed to identify the risks which arise as a result of the adoption of a BYOD programme. COBIT 5 was identified as the most appropriate framework which could be used to develop possible safeguards to mitigate the incremental risks associated with a BYOD programme to an acceptable level. Safeguards were developed to address the risks.
Evaluation of Quantitative and Qualitative Renal Outcome Following Nephron Sparing Surgery
Authors: Choudhary Gautam Ram , Mandal Arup Kumar , Mete Uttam , Mavuduru Ravimohan , Bhatacharia Anish , Lal Anupam , Goyal Suresh
Published: April 2018

Purpose:

Preservation of renal function after nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) is multifactorial and the impact of individual factors on it is still a debate. This prospective study investigates the impact of factors responsible for quantitative and functional outcome after NSS.

Patients and Methods:

Fifty-two patients of localized renal mass (≤7 cm) were included in the study. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen was performed for characterization of tumor. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using Tc99m-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) scan and Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formula. All relevant intra- and peri-operative events were noted. Follow-up work up performed at 3 months.

Results:

Overall, the mean ischemia time was 30.6 min, with 7.7% decrease in renal volume in the operated moiety. In follow-up, the total and ipsilateral GFR decreased. Change in renal parenchymal volume, total GFR by CG and DTPA, split GFR of tumor-bearing moiety was significant in follow-up. Size, stage, polar location of tumor, duration of surgery, type of ischemia, preoperative chronic kidney disease, and need of blood transfusion did not affect change in renal volume and function in the follow-up period.

Conclusion:

Renal parenchymal loss and duration of ischemia have impact on the follow-up renal function.
El acoso escolar como forma de violencia en la enseñanza secundaria, una visión legal del problema
Authors: Carrillo Izquierdo Antonio
Published: April 2018

En este trabajo se realiza un análisis psicosocial de las actitudes ante la violencia escolar conocido como (bullying), en un grupo de estudiantes de Educación Secundaria de acuerdo con un modelo tridimensional de evaluación actitudinal respecto a relaciones, creencias, expectativas, etc., además de afectivo respecto a sentimientos y valoraciones de las diferencias informadas en el ambiente relacional familiar y  académico. Para ello se cuenta con una muestra constituida por 493 niños y niñas de entre 11 y 18 años, que cursan las diversas etapas de la ESO en diferentes institutos de Educación Secundaria de Sevilla y provincia. También se efectúa un estudio sobre la diferente legislación aplicable a todos los niveles, desde internacional, nacional, local, administrativa, penal y civil, al objeto de obtener una visión general de la competencia legal para la puesta en marcha de los procedimientos en el tratamiento legal de la problemática del acoso entre iguales.
Análisis de variables psicopedagógicas en hijos adolescentes violentos desde el modelo cognitivo
Authors: Molla Esparza Cristian , Aroca-Montolío Concepción , Garcia-Garcia Fran J.
Published: April 2018

La violencia filio-parental es una realidad latente en nuestra sociedad. El presente artículo analiza la existencia o no de variables psicopedagógicas (académica y laboral) como factores de riesgo en hijos adolescentes que ejercen violencia contra sus progenitores. La metodología utilizada es descriptiva, centrada en el análisis de estudios que contemplan estas variables y las comparan con investigaciones sobre hijos agresores. Los resultados sugieren que éstos son factores de riesgo de conductas violentas en adolescentes por violencia filial y esbozan cuestiones relevantes para la investigación, prevención e intervención educativa. Asimismo, desde el modelo cognitivo, se intenta explicar la interacción entre la cognición intrapersonal e impersonal, principalmente, en adolescentes violentos; así como, las habilidades cognitivas vinculadas a la conducta prosocial frente a disposiciones antisociales, con miras a la intervención socioeducativa.
Imaginario del bullying y su vinculación a los servicios sociales. Voces desde futuros docentes de Educación Primaria
Authors: Rodríguez Otero Luis M. , Gallego Jiménez Mª Gloria
Published: April 2018

El artículo presenta un estudio del bullyng y ciberbullyng desde el trabajo social y los Servicios Sociales. Dicho concepto se describe a través de una investigación cualitativa tomando como contexto España con alumnado de Grado de Maestro de primaria. Se presenta una investigación cualitativa con el objetivo de conocer el imaginario en torno al bullying, a partir del paradigma interpretativo y mediante un diseño basado en la teoría fundamentada. Los resultados presentados confirman cómo el bullyng es registrado como un rechazo, un abuso, un ataque directo o indirectamente de una o más personas. Se manifiestan las causas reflejadas que influyen que la persona tome una actitud agresiva o a la defensiva. Por último, se presenta medidas preventivas desde el centro escolar, y la figura de los Servicios Sociales que es desconocido por algún sector.
Modeling tropospheric O3 evolution during the 2016 Group of Twenty summit in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Ni Zhi-zhen , Luo Kun , Gao Yang , Jiang Fei , Gao Xiang , Fan Jian-ren , Chen Chang-hong
Published: April 2018

Abstract. To elucidate the factors governing the urban O3 pollution during the campaign period of 2016 Group of Twenty (G20) summit in China, the Weather Research Forecast with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model was used to simulate the spatial and temporal O3 evolution in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region from August 24 to September 06, 2016. A unique mechanism was found to modulate the high ozone episodic event. Before the tropical cyclone, a prevailing north wind component brought in emission sources which are favorable for ozone formation. With the invasion of tropical cycle, subsidence air and stagnant weather were induced. Together with local urban heat island effect, there factors intensify ozone pollution in the YRD region. Different atmospheric processes were further analyzed to investigate the control factors of ozone formation through the integrated process rate method. It was found that both the vertical diffusion and the enhancing process of local chemical generation accounted for the growth of surface O3 concentration in Hangzhou. Besides, dynamical circulations of O3 advection associated with urban heat island effect were observed during the high O3 episode (August 24–25, 2016), and low O3 episode on September 5–6, 2016 was mainly resulting from the local chemical consumption. This provides insight into urban O3 formation and dispersion in East China during the tropical cyclone events.
Temperature estimation of induction machines based on wireless sensor networks
Authors: Huang Yi , Gühmann Clemens
Published: April 2018

Abstract. In this paper, a fourth-order Kalman filter (KF) algorithm is implemented in the wireless sensor node to estimate the temperatures of the stator winding, the rotor cage and the stator core in the induction machine. Three separate wireless sensor nodes are used as the data acquisition systems for different input signals. Six Hall sensors are used to acquire the three-phase stator currents and voltages of the induction machine. All of them are processed to root mean square (rms) in ampere and volt. A rotary encoder is mounted for the rotor speed and Pt-1000 is used for the temperature of the coolant air. The processed signals in the physical unit are transmitted wirelessly to the host wireless sensor node, where the KF is implemented with fixed-point arithmetic in Contiki OS. Time-division multiple access (TDMA) is used to make the wireless transmission more stable. Compared to the floating-point implementation, the fixed-point implementation has the same estimation accuracy at only about one-fifth of the computation time. The temperature estimation system can work under any work condition as long as there are currents through the machine. It can also be rebooted for estimation even when wireless transmission has collapsed or packages are missing.
Thin-film SnO2 and ZnO detectors of hydrogen peroxide vapors
Authors: Aroutiounian Vladimir , Arakelyan Valeri , Aleksanyan Mikayel , Shahnazaryan Gohar , Kacer Petr , Picha Pavel , Kovarik Jiri , Pekarek Jakub , Joost Berndt
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Thin-film hydrogen peroxide vapor sensors made from Co-doped SnO2 and
La-doped ZnO were manufactured using the high-frequency magnetron sputtering
method. Thicknesses of deposited doped metal oxide films were measured and
their morphology was investigated. The gas sensing characteristics of the
prepared sensors were measured at different concentrations of hydrogen
peroxide vapors and different operating temperatures of the sensor. It was
found that both sensors made from doped metal oxides SnO2 and ZnO
exhibit a sufficient response to 10 ppm of hydrogen peroxide vapors at the
200 and 220 ∘C operating temperature, respectively. It was
established that the dependencies of the response on hydrogen peroxide vapor
concentration have a linear character for prepared structures at the
150 ∘C operating temperature and can be used for determination of
hydrogen peroxide vapor concentration.
An improved logistic probability prediction model for water shortage risk in situations with insufficient data
Authors: Qian Longxia , Zhang Ren , Bai Chengzu , Wang Yangjun , Wang Hongrui
Published: April 2018

Abstract. In drought years, it is important to have an estimate or prediction of the probability that a water shortage risk will occur to enable risk mitigation. This study developed an improved logistic probability prediction model for water shortage risk in situations when there is insufficient data. First, information flow was applied to select water shortage risk factors. Then, the logistic regression model was used to describe the relation between water shortage risk and its factors, and an alternative method of parameter estimation (maximum entropy estimation) was proposed in situations where insufficient data was available. Water shortage risk probabilities in Beijing were predicted under different inflow scenarios by using the model. There were two main findings of the study. (1) The water shortage risk probability was predicted to be very high in 2020, although this was not the case in some high inflow conditions. (2) After using the transferred and reclaimed water, the water shortage risk probability declined under all inflow conditions (59.1% on average), but the water shortage risk probability was still high in some low inflow conditions.
Sedimentation and Its Impacts/Effects on River System and Reservoir Water Quality: case Study of Mazowe Catchment, Zimbabwe
Authors: Tundu Colleta , Tumbare Michael James , Kileshye Onema Jean-Marie
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Sediment delivery into water sources and bodies results in the reduction of water quantity and quality, increasing costs of water purification whilst reducing the available water for various other uses. The paper gives an analysis of sedimentation in one of Zimbabwe's seven rivers, the Mazowe Catchment, and its impact on water quality. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was used to compute soil lost from the catchment as a result of soil erosion. The model was used in conjunction with GIS remotely sensed data and limited ground observations. The estimated annual soil loss in the catchment indicates soil loss ranging from 0 to 65 t ha yr−1. Bathymetric survey at Chimhanda Dam showed that the capacity of the dam had reduced by 39 % as a result of sedimentation and the annual sediment deposition into Chimhanda Dam was estimated to be 330 t with a specific yield of 226 t km−2 yr−1. Relationship between selected water quality parameters, TSS, DO, NO3, pH, TDS, turbidity and sediment yield for selected water sampling points and Chimhanda Dam was analyzed. It was established that there is a strong positive relationship between the sediment yield and the water quality parameters. Sediment yield showed high positive correlation with turbidity (0.63) and TDS (0.64). Water quality data from Chimhanda treatment plant water works revealed that the quality of water is deteriorating as a result of increase in sediment accumulation in the dam. The study concluded that sedimentation can affect the water quality of water sources.
Effect of Organisational Factors on Employee Turnover Intention: An Empirical Study of Academic Professionals at Jordanian Government Universities
Authors: Al-khrabsheh Abdullah Abbas , Abo-Murad Maisoon , Bourini Islam
Published: April 2018

This study aims to examine the relationship between turnover intention and some organisational factors among professional academics at Jordanian Government Universities. Namely the organisational factors include job satisfaction, work exhaustion, occupational health and safety management and organisational culture. A sample of 250 participants was extracted from different Jordanian universities. The participants were limited to academics in Jordan who are working in any government Jordanian University. Statistical analysis was conducted by using SPSS 23. Previous literature was also used to design a structured questionnaire. A total of 250 questionnaires were given out and 250 questionnaires were collected back. The study then conducted correlation and regression analysis to determine the relationship between the independent and the dependent variables. The models for multiple regression offer support for the relationship between turnover intention and organizational factors. The results revealed that the all the exogenous variables had a significant effect on the endogenous variable. Based on these results, the study implies that managers need to acknowledge the importance of examining the factors that reduce the turnover intentions of the employees and improve the commitment level for their employees.
재미 한국어 계승어 학습자 작문에 나타난 통사 복잡성: Syntactic complexity in the writing of Korean heritage learners in the United States
Authors: Kim Hyunah
Published: April 2018

Complexity, along with accuracy and fluency, is one of the dimensions that are primarily used to measure one's language proficiency level (Larsen-Freeman, 2006). As heritage language learners tend to speak the language in home and community environments only, they have relatively limited exposure to a more advanced, elaborate language. This study aims to investigate how Korean-American school-aged children use the Korean grammatical items related to syntactic complexity based on their writing samples to draw its implications on language education for Korean heritage learners. Using a revised form of the frequency analysis method (Ellis, 1994), 407 writing samples of heritage language learners at different proficiency levels in the United States and 40 samples of native Korean speakers in South Korea were analyzed. The results showed that the use of related grammatical items of heritage language learners dramatically changed over time, showing the dynamics of language development. However, compared to native Korean speakers, the range of grammatical items which frequently appeared in Korean-American heritage learners writing samples was distinctly limited to those mostly used in oral communication. Implications for Korean education as a heritage language are discussed.
Caducifolia: las hojas que se lleva el viento (I parte)
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz Rafael
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 83, 2001: 763-780
La inseguridad como determinante de exclusión social el caso de Barcelona
Authors: Riccardo Valente
Published: April 2018

La presente investigación introduce el concepto de inseguridad como recurso teórico para identificar los factores estructurales que afectan a la exclusión social en Barcelona. A raíz de un análisis de componentes principales, se calculó un índice compuesto denominado Ranking de Inseguridad Social (SIR), con el objetivo de estudiar la estructura y el volumen de los recursos disponibles en los 73 barrios de la segunda ciudad más grande de España. Los resultados dan soporte a una medida alternativa de la privación en las ciudades contemporáneas que pueda abordar la relación entre exclusión social e inseguridad. En particular, el análisis de la distribución espacial del SIR en Barcelona indica que tanto las áreas socialmente desfavorecidas como las áreas afluentes se encuentran geográficamente concentradas, respectivamente, al margen y en la zona norte-oeste de la ciudad.
Gobernanza regional de la inversión extranjera directa en Canadá, España y Reino Unido
Authors: González Menéndez María C. , Phil Almond  , Gregor Murray
Published: April 2018

El artículo examina cómo los actores de gobernanza de sistemas regionales de negocio interactúan con las corporaciones multinacionales extranjeras presentes en su territorio para intentar retener inversiones y conectar dichos territorios a redes de producción globales, mediante un análisis cualitativo de políticas y prácticas relacionadas en seis regiones de tres economías industriales avanzadas (Canadá, España y Reino Unido). El estudio revela que, aun existiendo amplias similitudes en los tipos de gobernanza (de mercado, de Estado y asociativa) de la inversión extranjera directa, la extensión e intensidad de uso de cada uno varía notablemente entre regiones y Estados, lo que se explica con referencia a las más amplias diferencias institucionales entre los sistemas empresariales y en la construcción sociopolítica del espacio para la gobernanza subnacional.
Cross-subsidies Tied to the Introduction of Intermittent Renewable Electricity: An Analysis Based on a Model of the French Day-Ahead Market
Authors: Percebois Jacques , Pommeret Stanislas
Published: April 2018

The introduction of renewable energy paid off-market disrupts the demand-price relationship in wholesale electricity markets. Drawing on 2015 hourly data from France's electricity transmission network operator (RTE) and the French day-ahead spot market, this paper attempts to quantify the disturbance observed and the transfers of revenues among consumers, producers and providers. This study calculates, through a modeling of the day-ahead market, the impact on conventional electricity producers in France in terms of the loss of economic value owing to the introduction of renewable energies. In the same time consumers benefit from lower electricity prices but have to pay for feed-in tariffs. Renewable electricity producers and electricity providers are also the winners. An estimation of the cross-subsidies induced by the injection of renewable electricity is given.
Glosa krytyczna do uchwały składu 7 sędziów Sądu
Najwyższego z 25 lutego 2016 r. (I KZP 20/15)
Authors: Baran Bartłomiej
Published: April 2018

The Supreme Court’s resolution of 25 February 2016 states that the statutory term „person in cohabitation” permits the absence of gender difference, extending in practice new civil and criminal-procedural rights of homosexual couples. It also points to physical, spiritual and economic ties between partners, but if one of them is objectively justified, it does not change the nature of a relationship at all. This is the same field for numerous abuses. Resolution breaks as a consequence with the dominant and long-established case law and opinion of doctrine, degrading role and social mission of the family. As a result of the broad and inconsistent interpretation of notion as well incompatibility with argumentation of the Constitutional Tribunal the use of term for specific situations can cause a number of interpretational doubts and deepen legal chaos.
Świadczenie niegodziwe – trudne dziedzictwo rzymskiej inspiracji
Authors: Dajczak Wojciech
Published: April 2018

Incorporating the rules inspired by the Roman condictio ob turpem causam into modern regulations of unjustified enrichment provokes criticism. Such regulations are diversified into several models but mostly invoke controversies. The main goal of this paper is evaluating these critical opinions and doubts repeated in legal discourse using historical and comparative methods. Author focuses on five issues: usefulness of condictio ob turpem causam in the light of works of ius commune jurists; doubts concerning the principle in pari turpitudine melior est conditio possidentis; different approach of various European legislators to the idea of condictio ob turpem causam; relation between regulations of unjustified enrichment and unenforceability of agreements contrary to the o law and good customs; importance of the restitution of payments contrary to the law and good customs for today’s legal practice. The conclusions of such analysis allow to admit that doubts concerning the continuation of the Roman condictio ob turpem causam are justified. From the other side, in times of multicultural societies and increasing number of legal regulations the growth of disputes resulted from the payments contrary to law and good customs can be observed. The rejection of repayment based on the contrary to the objective good faith offers – according to the author – the best compromise between weak points of Roman condictio ob turpem causam and challenges of modern practice. In the legal reasoning it is expressed by the maxime „no one shall be heard, who invokes his own guilt”.Incorporating of this maxime into the unjustified enrichment is all the more justified when higher could be in legal practice doubts concerning the acceptability of rejection of restitution of the payment with has been made without legal ground but in the contrary to the principle of good faith.
Countering lone-actor terrorism: specification of requirements
for potential interventions
Authors: Gradoń Kacper
Published: April 2018

The author presents the de-classified preliminary findings of the European Commission funded FP7 research project PRIME, dealing with the extremism, radicalization and lone-actor terrorism (also known as “lone wolf terrorism”). The Article provides the partial results of the research devoted to the preparation of portfolio of lone actor extremism counter-measures requirements based on the findings of the review of existing counter-measures used to defend against lone actor extremist events. The Article concludes with a list of recommendations, which shall be considered in order to prevent, interdict and mitigate the threat of lone actor extremism and terrorism and to support public security and safety. These recommendations are based on the extensive consultations with law-enforcement and security services practitioners and Subject Matter Experts of the PRIME Project domain, representing a wide range of areas (police, intelligence, border protection, military, government, civil defence, non-governmental organizations, and the academic community) and different jurisdictions and law practices (several countries of Europe, United States, Canada, India, Japan, Georgia, Mexico, Australia and New Zealand).
Między wolnością słowa a zasadą równości biernego prawa wyborczego. Ramy prawne systemu finansowania kampanii wyborczych w świetle I poprawki do Konstytucji USA
Authors: Łukowiak Dominik
Published: April 2018

The article is a paper presented during the Poland-wide academic conference The U.S. Constitution – theory and practice. The basis for reflections constitutes an issue of the constitutionality of the federal legislation establishing restrictions on the money’s influence on financing election campaigns. The paper focuses on an analysis of the U.S. Supreme Court’s case law related to the range of an acceptable interference of such regulations in the freedom of speech and political expression clause of the First Amendment to the Constitution. The author discusses selected statements contained in the rulings made in cases, from which as the most crucial he regards: Buckley v. Valeo (1976), McConnell v. Federal Election Commission (2003) and Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010). In the conclusion of the article an opinion is presented that the U.S. Supreme Court judicature, co-creating with the federal legislation the campaign finance law, is an unique attempt at balancing the two values fundamental to the democratic election process, which are freedom of speech and the principle of equal opportunities for political competitors.
Botulinum toxin in medicine and cosmetology – two hundred years’ history and new perspectives
Authors: Zbrojkiewicz Małgorzata , Lebiedowska Agata , Barbara Błońska-Fajfrowska Barbara Błońska-Fajfrowska
Published: April 2018

It has been nearly 200 years since the discovery of the botulinum toxin and the strain responsible for its synthesis Clostridium botulinum. Over this period, the knowledge about botulism and the use of botulinum toxin in medicine has been significantly expanded. Currently, eight serotypes of botulinum toxin (A-H) are known and they differ from each other by molecular weight, antigenic structure, immunogenicity, receptors, localization
of coding genes and by the duration of the therapeutic effect. American physician Allan B. Scott was the first to demonstrate the use of botulinum toxin for medical purposes. Nowadays, botulinum toxin type A is widely used in medicine. Botulinum toxin injections are not only one of the most popular non-surgical aesthetic-cosmetic procedures, but are also widely used in neurology, ophthalmology and dermatology. The therapeutic potential of botulinum toxin has not been exhausted yet. Currently, many clinical trials are underway to extend the therapeutic indications of botulinum toxin and to improve its safety. Due to the huge development in medicine, botulinum toxin is today not only associated with aesthetic procedures and improvement in appearance, but also with raising the quality of life for people suffering from diseases with excessive muscle contraction and with other neuromuscular disorders.
New Czech Civil Code
Authors: Nemcová Mária
Published: April 2018

The paper is devoted to the new Czech Civil Code, thanks to which the Czech private law has experienced its greatest legislative change in the last fifty years representing its ultimate diversion from the socialist law principle. The author discusses briefly the development of Czech private law in general, as well as the recodification process. However, the focus of the paper lies mainly in the presentation of the new Czech Civil Code to the public of Visegrad Group countries. The aim of the presented paper is to provide a complex and unbiased view on the new Czech Civil Code, which in some respects may serve as an inspiration for the drafters of the new Slovak and Polish Civil Code.
Konkurencyjność jako determinanta prawna europejskiej polityki rolnej
Authors: Niewiadomska Agata
Published: April 2018

The article presents basic rules regarding to the evolution of legal mechanisms affecting the competitiveness of agriculture in Europe. Market mechanisms such as agricultural intervention, private storage subsidies or emergency aid measures have been analyzed. Author also pointed out the mechanisms whoch influence the profitability of agriculture, the level of unemployment, or the possibility of creating groups of agricultural producers. A possible framework was also defined for making analysis of the need to participate in the definition of European agricultural policy after 2020. It was pointed out that competitiveness and selection of legal mechanisms which can improve it, still would be one of the more important in this process.
Status prawny Krajowego Ośrodka Wsparcia Rolnictwa
Authors: Niewiadomski Adam
Published: April 2018

The article defines the basic organizational and legal problems which apply to the agricultural law because of establishing the National Center for Agricultural Support in 2017. This agency will be a major state-owned agricultural entity not only engaged in real estate but also in some agricultural or agri-food sector activities. The initial legal analysis of the adopted solutions as a part of the action of the KOWR i.e. National Center for Agricultural Support on the trust basis has been completed. The evolution of agricultural property has lasted for at least 27 years. The described problems are its subsequent stages.
Spory o wykładnię znamion przestępstwa kradzieży energii
(art. 278 § 5 k.k.) – czy prawnicy znają fizykę?
Authors: Tyburcy Tomasz
Published: April 2018

This article aims at analyzing the constituent elements of a criminal offense, based on Art. 278 § 5 k.k. The result of the analysis is the conclusion that in practice, only electricity can be the object of that offense. Therefore it must be specified accordingly in the provision of Art. 278 § 5 k.k. The study of literature led to the conclusion that the authors often mistakenly specify the object of that crime in a manner contrary to the principles of physics. This article presents the disputed issue of classifying the energy consumption by an entity authorized under an agreement with the provider, but with an understatement of the amounts of energy consumed by that entity. The author concluded that the classification of such act is possible based on Art. 278 § 5 and 286 § 1 k.k., depending on the definition of the result of an act which, at the time it was committed, was liable to evaluation under criminal law. The analysis also includes the controversial legal case of conscious use of energy consumed by the means of an illegal tapping into the power grid or causing a malfunction in a device designed to measure the amount of energy consumed by other persons who have not committed such an action. The study of literature led to the conclusion that according to the currently prevailing view such behavior does not fulfill the constituent elements of a crime. The author further concludes that due to the difficulties with the determination of the value of the object in question during the taking of evidence, the act of „stealing” electricity has rightly not undergone decriminalization; which could otherwise result in allegations on the grounds of infringement of the substantive law.
Investigaciones en comunicación en tiempos de big data: sobre metodologías y temporalidades en el abordaje de redes sociales
Authors: Gindin Irene Lis , Busso Mariana Patricia
Published: April 2018

Este artículo, de corte ensayístico, expone una serie de problemáticas relativas a investigaciones en comunicación social, particularmente aquéllas que proponen como objeto de estudio materiales de análisis recabados de sitios de redes sociales en Internet. De aquí se propone un recorrido en torno a tres ejes principales. Por un lado y tomando como disparador dos investigaciones postdoctorales en curso, se plantean las dificultades principales que supone el trabajo de construcción de corpus basado en grandes cantidades de datos. Por el otro, se especifica el modo en que es entendido el big data en tanto fenómeno no circunscripto exclusivamente a cuestiones de cantidad y en donde se vuelve necesaria la hibridación entre métodos de análisis computacionales y estrategias más bien artesanales de recolección e indagación. Por último, se reflexiona en torno a la dimensión temporal propia de estos conjuntos de datos, derivada de las modalidades de vinculación online y de las técnicas de recolección empleadas. Lo aquí trabajado propone una mirada crítica ante el optimismo que vincula la disponibilidad del material con el resultado exitoso de una investigación. Además, se resalta que estas dificultades relativas a la construcción de corpus de análisis no refieren solamente a particularidades técnicas sino que hacen mella, también, en los principios epistemológicos y metodológicos que guían las investigaciones.
Vers la fin de la gestion des carrières? La GRH face au rôle croissant des intermédiaires du marché du travail
Authors: Pichault François , Lorquet Nadège , Orianne Jean-François
Published: April 2018

La littérature en GRH a longuement discuté les évolutions intervenues dans le champ des carrières en opposant le modèle classique de la carrière organisationnelle au modèle de la carrière nomade, censé répondre au nouveau contrat psychologique qui lie les travailleurs aux organisations du XXIesiècle. Désormais, il s’agirait pour les gestionnaires RH d’attirer des talents dont ils savent que le passage dans l’organisation sera limité dans le temps. Le développement sans précédent des formes de travail au projet, à mi-chemin entre l’emploi salarié et le statut d’indépendant, semble donner raison à cette conception « moderne » de la carrière.

Toutefois, une observation plus fine des évolutions en cours sur le marché du travail montre que les carrières des travailleurs au projet ne sont pas seulement le fruit des initiatives individuelles de travailleurs offrant leurs talents sur le marché. Elles passent souvent par des structures d’intermédiation qui, en offrant diverses formules de sécurisation, deviennent des partenaires incontournables de la gestion des trajectoires professionnelles.

À partir d’un travail conceptuel sur la notion d’intermédiaire du marché du travail et sur la base de multiples études de cas contrastées sur le marché du travail belge, notre article montre la diversité des formes que peut prendre ce travail d’intermédiation et dégage deux « types idéaux » reflétant des conceptions opposées de la sécurisation des transitions professionnelles : la première considère les travailleurs au projet comme des « quasi-salariés »; la seconde comme des « quasi-indépendants ». Nous montrons, ensuite, en quoi ce jeu triangulaire conduit à une remise en cause de la gestion des carrières en tant qu’attribut régalien de la fonction RH.
A thermodynamic description for physiological transmembrane transport
Authors: Herrera-Valdez Marco A
Published: April 2018

Physiological mechanisms for passive and active transmembrane transport have been theoretically described using many different approaches. A generic formulation for both passive and active transmembrane transport, is derived from basic thermodynamical principles taking into account macroscopic forward and backward molecular fluxes, relative to a source compartment, respectively. Electrogenic fluxes also depend on the transmembrane potential and can be readily converted into currents. Interestingly, the conductance-based formulation for current is the linear approximation of the generic formulation for current, around the reversal potential. Also, other known formulas for current based on electrodiffusion turn out to be particular examples of the generic formulation. The applicability of the generic formulations is illustrated with models of transmembrane potential dynamics for cardiocytes and neurons. The generic formulations presented here provide a common ground for the biophysical study of physiological phenomena that depend on transmembrane transport.
Control of voluntary and optogenetically perturbed locomotion by spike rate and timing of neurons of the mouse cerebellar nuclei
Authors: Sarnaik Rashmi , Raman Indira M
Published: April 2018

Neurons of the cerebellar nuclei (CbN), which generate cerebellar output, are inhibited by Purkinje cells. With extracellular recordings during voluntary locomotion in head-fixed mice, we tested how the rate and coherence of inhibition influence CbN cell firing and well-practiced movements. Firing rates of Purkinje and CbN cells were modulated systematically through the stride cycle (~200–300 ms). Optogenetically stimulating ChR2-expressing Purkinje cells with light steps or trains evoked either asynchronous or synchronous inhibition of CbN cells. Steps slowed CbN firing. Trains suppressed CbN cell firing less effectively, but consistently altered millisecond-scale spike timing. Steps or trains that perturbed stride-related modulation of CbN cell firing rates correlated well with irregularities of movement, suggesting that ongoing locomotion is sensitive to alterations in modulated CbN cell firing. Unperturbed locomotion continued more often during trains than steps, however, suggesting that stride-related modulation of CbN spiking is less readily disrupted by synchronous than asynchronous inhibition.
Negative regulation of G2-M by ATR (mei-41)/Chk1(Grapes) facilitates tracheoblast growth and tracheal hypertrophy in Drosophila
Authors: Kizhedathu Amrutha , Bagul Archit V , Guha Arjun
Published: April 2018

Imaginal progenitors in Drosophila are known to arrest in G2 during larval stages and proliferate thereafter. Here we investigate the mechanism and implications of G2 arrest in progenitors of the adult thoracic tracheal epithelium (tracheoblasts). We report that tracheoblasts pause in G2 for ~48–56 h and grow in size over this period. Surprisingly, tracheoblasts arrested in G2 express drivers of G2-M like Cdc25/String (Stg). We find that mechanisms that prevent G2-M are also in place in this interval. Tracheoblasts activate Checkpoint Kinase 1/Grapes (Chk1/Grp) in an ATR/mei-41-dependent manner. Loss of ATR/Chk1 led to precocious mitotic entry ~24–32 h earlier. These divisions were apparently normal as there was no evidence of increased DNA damage or cell death. However, induction of precocious mitoses impaired growth of tracheoblasts and the tracheae they comprise. We propose that ATR/Chk1 negatively regulate G2-M in developing tracheoblasts and that G2 arrest facilitates cellular and hypertrophic organ growth.
Crystal structure of intraflagellar transport protein 80 reveals a homo-dimer required for ciliogenesis
Authors: Taschner Michael , Lorentzen Anna , Mourão André , Collins Toby , Freke Grace M , Moulding Dale , Basquin Jerome , Jenkins Dagan , Lorentzen Esben
Published: April 2018

Oligomeric assemblies of intraflagellar transport (IFT) particles build cilia through sequential recruitment and transport of ciliary cargo proteins within cilia. Here we present the 1.8 Å resolution crystal structure of the Chlamydomonas IFT-B protein IFT80, which reveals the architecture of two N-terminal β-propellers followed by an α-helical extension. The N-terminal β-propeller tethers IFT80 to the IFT-B complex via IFT38 whereas the second β-propeller and the C-terminal α-helical extension result in IFT80 homo-dimerization. Using CRISPR/Cas to create biallelic Ift80 frameshift mutations in IMCD3 mouse cells, we demonstrate that IFT80 is absolutely required for ciliogenesis. Structural mapping and rescue experiments reveal that human disease-causing missense mutations do not cluster within IFT80 and form functional IFT particles. Unlike missense mutant forms of IFT80, deletion of the C-terminal dimerization domain prevented rescue of ciliogenesis. Taken together our results may provide a first insight into higher order IFT complex formation likely required for IFT train formation.
Transcriptomic analyses reveal rhythmic and CLOCK-driven pathways in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Perrin Laurent , Loizides-Mangold Ursula , Chanon Stéphanie , Gobet Cédric , Hulo Nicolas , Isenegger Laura , Weger Benjamin D , Migliavacca Eugenia , Charpagne Aline , Betts James A , Walhin Jean-Philippe , Templeman Iain , Stokes Keith , Thompson Dylan , Tsintzas Kostas , Robert Maud , Howald Cedric , Riezman Howard , Feige Jerome N , Karagounis Leonidas G , Johnston Jonathan D , Dermitzakis Emmanouil T , Gachon Frédéric , Lefai Etienne , Dibner Charna
Published: April 2018

Circadian regulation of transcriptional processes has a broad impact on cell metabolism. Here, we compared the diurnal transcriptome of human skeletal muscle conducted on serial muscle biopsies in vivo with profiles of human skeletal myotubes synchronized in vitro. More extensive rhythmic transcription was observed in human skeletal muscle compared to in vitro cell culture as a large part of the in vivo mRNA rhythmicity was lost in vitro. siRNA-mediated clock disruption in primary myotubes significantly affected the expression of ~8% of all genes, with impact on glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Genes involved in GLUT4 expression, translocation and recycling were negatively affected, whereas lipid metabolic genes were altered to promote activation of lipid utilization. Moreover, basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were significantly reduced upon CLOCK depletion. Our findings suggest an essential role for the circadian coordination of skeletal muscle glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism in humans.
Tough, Self-Recovery and Self-Healing Polyampholyte Hydrogels1, "Высокомолекулярные соединения. Серия С"
Authors: Tao Lin Sun , Kunpeng Cui , Jian Ping Gong
Published: April 2018

This article reviews the recently developed tough, self-recovery, and self-healing polyampholyte hydrogels. Polyampholyte hydrogels are synthesized using one-step radical copolymerization of cationic and anionic monomers with equal charges at high monomer concentration. The random copolymerization process makes the ionic monomers randomly distributing along the backbones, resulting in the formation of ionic bonds with a wide strength distribution via inter and intra chain complexation in the polymer network, weak bond and strong bonds. The strong bonds serve as permanent cross-linking, integrating the hydrogels to impart the elastic behavior, while the weak bonds can break upon the loading, dissipating energy to give the toughness, and re-form again after unloading to enable the self-recovery behavior. Accordingly, polyampholyte hydrogels have condensed polymers in water (c.a. 40-50 wt%). They are strongly viscoelastic and have a high toughness (fracture energy of 4000 J/m), a wide range of tuning modulus (0.01 to 8 MPa), 100% self-recovery, and a high self-healing efficiency after cutting.
БЛОК-СОПОЛИМЕРНЫЕ МИЦЕЛЛЫ С ИНТЕРПОЛИЭЛЕКТРОЛИТНОЙ КОРОНОЙ1, "Высокомолекулярные соединения. Серия С"
Authors: Лысенко Е.А. , Билан Р. С. , Челушкин П.С.
Published: April 2018

Методами турбидиметрии, скоростной седиментации, статического и динамического светорассеяния, измерения электрофоретической подвижности частиц, флуоресцентной спектроскопии и электронной микроскопии исследованы дисперсионная устойчивость, структура и свойства полимерных мицелл с гидрофобным ядром и интерполиэлектролитной короной в разбавленных водно-солевых растворах. Мицеллы получены смешением диблок-сополимеров ПС-блок-поли-N-этил-4-винилпиридиний бромида и ПС-блок-полиакриловой кислоты по специально разработанной методике введения воды в смесь сополимеров в неселективном органическом растворителе. Установлено, что дисперсионная устойчивость, структурные и физико-химические характеристики мицелл с интерполиэлектролитной короной зависят от баланса электростатических взаимодействий одноименно и разноименно заряженных звеньев в короне. В свою очередь, данный баланс определяется составом интерполиэлектролитной короны, а также величиной рН и ионной силы раствора. Показано, что мицеллы с интерполиэлектролитной короной можно рассматривать как особый тип полиэлектролитных наночастиц, сочетающих в себе свойства полиэлектролитных мицелл и интерполиэлектролитных комплексов. Продемонстрирована уникальная способность таких мицелл электростатически связывать в корону одноименно заряженные полиионы с высокой линейной плотностью заряда, при этом впервые установлено, что такое связывание может иметь селективный характер.
ВЛИЯНИЕ МИКРОСТРУКТУРЫ ЦЕПИ СОПОЛИМЕРОВ АКРИЛОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ И 4-ВИНИЛПИРИДИНА НА АГРЕГАТИВНУЮ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ И АДСОРБЦИЮ ИЗ ВОДНЫХ РАСТВОРОВ, "Высокомолекулярные соединения. Серия С"
Authors: Литманович Е.А. , Черникова Е.В. , Жирнов А. Е.
Published: April 2018

Исследовано поведение в водных растворах сополимеров на основе акриловой кислоты и 4-винилпиридина разной архитектуры: с градиентным и блочным распределением звеньев сомономеров в цепи, а также с кватернизованными звеньями 4-винилпиридина. Установлено, что все указанные сополимеры в кислых и щелочных средах склонны к агрегации, причем размеры агрегатов и области их устойчивости определяются микроструктурой цепи. Агрегаты, образующиеся в кислых средах, проявляют температурную чувствительность. Изучены кинетика и механизм адсорбции сополимеров из растворов на поверхность найлоновых мембран. Показано, что блочное распределение звеньев существенно повышает эффективность адсорбции, при этом кватернизация звеньев 4-винилпиридина снижает параметры монослойной адсорбции.