bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Línea de recuperación de almidón del procesamiento de hojuelas de papa frita de las variedades Desirée y Única para uso en la formulación de snacks
Authors: Borja Santos Carola Fernanda , Irigoyen Cossío Marcia Jimena
Published: April 2021

En la etapa de rebanado (corte en rodajas) del procesamiento de papa frita, se libera almidón que se precipita al fondo de la tina de lavado y es desechado como agua residual. El objetivo del estudio fue proponer la recuperación del almidón de dos variedades de papa usadas (Desirée y Única) y aplicarlo para la sustitución de harina de avena en la formulación de nachos por la misma empresa estudiada. Las etapas de recuperación fueron: separación solido-liquido, filtración, sedimentación, secado, molienda, tamizado y envasado. El rendimiento fue del 2,52% para la variedad Desirée y 2,43% para la Única. Se determinaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas, utilizando como referencia la Norma Peruana SA/DM N° 615-2003. Los rendimientos de nachos obtenidos fueron de 80% para la variedad Desirée y 81% para la variedad Única.
Aplicación post-cosecha del ácido giberélico como agente retardante de la maduración de banano proveniente del Trópico de Cochabamba
Authors: Guzmán Bortolini Nadia
Published: April 2021

En el trabajo se evaluó el efecto del ácido giberélico (AG3) en la vida útil de banana dulce Musa, variedad Cavendish Robusta Valery después de la cosecha. Se realizaron tres tratamientos con concentraciones de ácido giberélico más el testigo; luego se realizaron controles en los tiempos de maduración. Se tomaron racimos de una sola parcela con una concentración para cada caja de bananos, la cual contiene 120 unidades aproximadamente. Los bananos, cosechados con toda la cáscara verde, fueron asperjados con ácido giberélico minutos antes del empacado, en los siguientes tratamientos: 0 (testigo); 900 mg/l; 1350 mg/l; 1889 mg/l de AG3. Los bananos se almacenaron en un ambiente controlado (20 ± 1ºC, con 40% de humedad). La aplicación de ácido giberélico por aspersión en bananas proporcionó 1,5 días de vida útil adicional. Después de 10 días de almacenamiento, las concentraciones AG3 de 1350 mg/l y 1889 mg/l fueron las más propicias para el almacenamiento posterior a la cosecha de banana dulce Musa, variedad Cavendish Robusta Valery.
QUANTIFYING PELAGE COLORATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIA SPINY RATS GENUS Maxomys (MURIDAE: RODENTIA) USING SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Achmadi Anang Setiawan , Suzuki Hitoshi
Published: April 2021

We documented preliminary study of coat color variations within Maxomys, one of the most common rats in the Southeast Asian region. We sampled the skin specimens that mostly deposited at Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Indonesia. Quantitative measurements of coat color using spectrophotometer revealed no significant difference in the dorsal pelage showing mostly dark brown (L*= 25-30, a*= 5-7, b*= 10-15). The ventral colorations were variable among the species. We classified five different color types based on the measurements: whitish grey (M. baeodon, M. whiteheadi, M. musschenbroekii, M. bartelsii, and M. dollmani), orange dark brown (M. hylomyoides), chestnut orange (M. ochraceiventer), yellowish brown (M. alticola) and creamy white (M. rajah, M. hellwaldii, and M. surifer). These fur color characteristics can be useful in species recognition, together with the craniometric features. Furthermore, molecular study of coat color variation within Maxomys spp. is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of phenotypic variation in morphology that affect the patterns of divergence, speciation and evolutionary history of Maxomys. Here, we failed to obtain the sequences from Maxomys using Mc1r (melanocortin-1 receptor) gene, and probably will be better to use other gene such as ASIP (agouti signaling peptide) gene.
POTENTIAL SUITABLE HABITAT DISTRIBUTION FOR TWO ENDEMIC AND HIGHLY THREATENED SPECIES OF Leptophryne (AMPHIBIA; BUFONIDAE) IN JAVA
Authors: Saputro Pramitama Bayu , Putra Aldio Dwi , Setiawan Iwan , Setiadi Tedi
Published: April 2021

Bufonid toad genus Leptophryne comprises three species; L. borbonica, L. cruentata, and L. javanica. These three species occurred in Java Island. Two out of three species, L. cruentata and L. javanica, are endemic and classified as critically endangered (CR) and endangered (EN), respectively. Leptophryne javanica recently described in 2018, and it is separated from L. cruentata by having distinct morphology, molecular and call characteristics. Both L. cruentata and L. javanica share the same habitat type (i.e. mountain forest, waterfall, rocky stream). Until early 2000, these two endemic Leptophryne were considered restricted to Mt. Gede. From 2000 to 2018, these species were also recorded in Mt. Halimun, Mt. Ciremai, and Mt. Slamet. These new localities indicate that there is potential distribution outside previously known locations. This study aims to predict the potential suitable habitat of endemic Leptophryne (L. cruentata and L. javanica) and identify the most important environmental variables on its distribution. MaxEnt modelling was applied to generate a potential suitable habitat distribution map. Twelve presence data were used for the model consist of 10 coordinates in Mt. Gede Pangrango, one in Mt. Ciremai, and one in Mt. Slamet. To build the model, 21 environmental variables were utilized: land cover, altitudinal and 19 variables of precipitation and temperature along with the species presence data. The result shows there is suitable habitat outside the known locations, consist of 14 patches in western Java, five in central Java and four in eastern Java. The most potential is in the mountainous area at southern Bandung. The lowest temperature fluctuation, highest elevation, lowest mean temperature during the warmest season, and better land cover provides the best habitat suitability. Further study is required to verify these potential distributions based on the modelling result.
COMPARISON BETWEEN Trachypithecus auratus AND Trachypithecus cristatus BRAIN SIZE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Dwijayanti Endah , Achmadi Anang Setiawan , Maharadatunkamsi Maharadatunkamsi , Supriatna Nanang
Published: April 2021

Taxonomic studies on Trachypithecus species in Indonesia define that this genus separated into two species that are Trachypithecus auratus and Trachypithecus cristatus with Trachypithecus auratus auratus as a subspecies. To determine relative brain size differences between species of the genus Trachypithecus in Indonesia and to examine clinal variation, a study related to brain size and morphological characters that affect the brain size is carried out. This study analyzes the brain volume between both species and examines its relationship with morphometric measurement and variables such as sex, age, and specimen location. Brain volumes were calculated from braincase volumes using 0.5 mm silica gel as mini beads. This study reveals that there are significant differences in relative brain size inter-species, sex, age and interaction among variable. Overall, T. auratus have a bigger brain size than T. cristatus, and the brain size of males are larger than females. The older individual tends to have similar brain size with younger ones. The different relative brain size on age level influenced by GSL size. Allometric body size affects the size of the brain directly. Also, there is a clinal trend in relative brain size. Trachypithecus auratus brain size is increasing from West Java to Lombok island. Further study is needed to understand the influence of external factor such as ecological and social factors on brain size in Trachypithecus.
Marat Arakelian: Life and Scientific Activity
Authors: Mickaelian A. M.
Published: April 2021

We review the life and scientific activity of one of the outstanding Armenian astronomers Marat Arakelian (1929-1983). Arakelian was one of the prominent Byurakan astronomers, the author of famous Arakelian galaxies, which at present are target for many-sided studies with ground-based and space telescopes. Arakelian is known as a distinguished specialist in the theoretical astrophysics and extragalactic astronomy.
Water Ice in AGN and Starbursts
Authors: Yeghikyan A. G. , Samsonyan A. L.
Published: April 2021

Complex chemical species are easier formed in a solid phase, for example in a mixture of ices of water, carbon oxides, methane, ammonia, methanole and other, less abundant molecules. Ultraviolet photons in the range 5 - 13.6 eV and the charged particles with MeV-GeV energies serve as an energy source of reactions. Icy particles containing mentioned substances, can exist only in internal areas of the interstellar molecular clouds protected from influence of external ultraviolet radiation. However cosmic rays are capable to penetrate in clouds and to cause an irradiation of ices by means of secondary ultra-violet photons necessary for initiation of chemical reactions of complexisation. In this work a survivability of ices under harsh conditions of active galaxies is discussed. Preliminary model calculations show that abundances of ices depend not only on ionization parameters of the clouds but also on the shape of incident radiation that is on presence and level of hard ultraviolet and X-ray radiation. The last circumstance is directly related to the radiation of the accretion disk of galaxies with active nuclei and can be used to classify active galaxies, for example to distinguish starburst galaxies from those with active nuclei.
The Role of Public Schooling in Preparing Youth for Civic Reasoning and Engagement
Authors: Lee Carol D.
Published: April 2021

This article explores the role of public schooling in preparing youth to engage in civic reasoning and civic action. The current challenges in the public arena—a pandemic, economic depression, civil unrest over continued systemic racism—illustrate the complexity of sense-making required to address these conundrums. At the same time, these challenges highlight inequities that have persisted over the course of U.S. history. The article further explores the mix of challenges and opportunities that the structure of the U.S. government poses to citizens hoping to grapple with these complexities, arguing that the knowledge base required to meet these civic challenges and opportunities are not just cognitive but epistemological and ethical. The article concludes that the development of such a complex knowledge base must be distributed across the K–12 public education sector: not limited to civics classes, but distributed across all the disciplines taught in schools.
Campus No.1
Authors: Editor El
Published: April 2021

It contains: I Congress of Human Resources. Twelfth Century Management: in response to current problems ; X Congress of Business Administration and Marketing Students: The perfect Match, TICS and millennials ; Courses and diplomas: Department of Business Administration, Department of Accounting and Finance ; Chair of Accounting and Auditing.
Realidad Empresarial No.1, 2016: 29-34
Campus No. 2
Authors: Editor El
Published: April 2021

It contains: X Congress of Business Administration and Marketing Students. Business Trends: Change the game ; XVI Job Fair, Employment Expo 2016 ; U social Camping: Days of Business Reflection ; Courses and diplomas: Department of Accounting and Finance ; Accounting and auditing chairs.
Realidad Empresarial No. 2, 2016: 42-48
Expression of toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphism and inflammatory factors in peripheral blood on patients with sepsis
Authors: Tian Tieying , Xu Xiyuan , Yang Jingping
Published: April 2021

Objective: To observe the presence of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene polymorphism in the venous blood in patients with sepsis, meanwhile, to observe the expression and the diagnostic value of TLR4 mRNA, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-23 (IL-23), procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with different degrees of sepsis.Methods: The peripheral blood samples from the subjects were collected to extract genomic DNA, gene sequencing and enzyme digestion method were applied to the detection of TLR4 Asp299Gly loci polymorphism. The expression of TLR4 mRNA in the peripheral blood was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-23, PCT and CRP were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: (1) The gene polymorphism was not present in TLR4 Asp299Gly loci; (2) The expression of TLR4 mRNA in the peripheral blood in patients with sepsis: on d1, there were statistically significant differences between the normal group and the group (APACHE II ≤ 20), between the normal group and the group (APACHE II > 20), between the group (APACHE II ≤ 20) and the group (AAPACHE II > 20) (t = 5.741, 14.780 and 10.500, all p < .01). APACHE II stands for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II. On d7, there were statistically significant differences between the normal group and the group (APACHE II ≤ 20), between the normal group and the group (APACHE II > 20), between the group (APACHE II ≤ 20) and the group (APACHE II > 20) (t = 4.186, 13.830 and 9.645, all p < .01); (3) The expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-23, PCT and CRP were obviously upregulated (all p < .01), and TLR4 was positively correlated with IFN-γ and IL-23 (all p < .01); (4) The best cutoff value of TLR4 mRNA at baseline was 891.6 μg/L, with a sensitivity of 100% and a diagnostic specificity of 57%. The best cutoff value of IFN-γ at baseline was 84.5 μg/L, with a sensitivity of 100% and a diagnostic specificity of 57%. The best cutoff value of IL-23 at baseline was 861 μg/L, with a sensitivity of 100% and a diagnostic specificity of 97%.Conclusions: (1) The Asp299Gly polymorphism is not present in TLR4 gene; (2) The expression levels of TLR4 mRNA, IFN-γ and IL-23 are relatively high in patients with sepsis, and will be higher with the increased severity of sepsis; (3) TLR4 mRNA, IFN-γ and IL-23 can be used as molecular biomarkers for the early diagnosis of sepsis.
An Effective Instructional Strategies Approach in Higher Education: A Pilot Investigation
Authors: Ahmod Ujjal , Zhang Wenzheng
Published: April 2021

Teaching is one of the major fundamentals in educational planning, which is the most important reason for educational management. The primary strategy of higher education should focus on student’s self-determination activities, the institution’s system a practical and experimental study, where students have a specific intention of studies and they can determine which areas would be studying comfortably. The paper aimed to visualize the usefulness of several potential research and teaching mode practices for instructing students at higher education level and to develop a puzzling concept. In the face of the significance of better teaching, the effect is far from the norm. This study has been used qualitative research methods and data (e.g. interview, online survey, groups focus, observation, and content) analyzed through a relevant field of literature. The results of the study emphasize and highlight the necessity for potential teaching strategies. Finally, teaching activities for the progress of applicable factors are discussed in the discussion and recommendation part.
Management of clonal mini-garden with gibberellic acid in guava rootstock propagation
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Arantes Mariana Barreto de Souza , Marinho Claudia Sales ,   Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Santos Raudielle Ferreira dos ,   Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Galvão Sydney Pereira ,   Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Vaz Giuliana Pulitini ,   Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense
Published: April 2021

The viability of the mini-cutting technique requires seedling regrowth ability and continuous propagule production. It is hypothesized that the application of gibberellic acid (GA) can stimulate vegetation and increase the production of mini-cuttings. The aim of this study was to increase the mini-cutting yield of Psidium guajava (L.) × Psidium guineense (Sw.) (‘BRS Guaraçá’) as a function of foliar application of GA and season of the year. The experiment was laid out in a randomized-block design with split-plots in time, in which the plots consisted of different GA concentrations applied (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1) and the subplots were represented by two application periods or seasons (summer and winter). Four replicates were used, with two plants per plot. After the seedlings were topped, GA was applied at different concentrations and the emerged shoots were evaluated over 30 days. Mini-stump yield was assessed by collecting and evaluating the potential number of mini-cuttings. Shoot length and mini-stump yield increased linearly with the increasing GA concentrations during the summer. In the winter, this response was quadratic, with optimal concentrations estimated at 65.3 mg L-1 for shoot length and 76 mg L-1 for mini-stump yield. The GA concentration of 200 mg L-1 provided shorter internodes in the summer, whereas in the winter the use of GA did not interfere with this trait. The increasing applications of GA induced a linear increase in stem diameter at both seasons of the year. Gibberellic acid did not interfere with the rooting of the mini-cuttings. The highest rooting percentage occurred in the summer, with an average of 95%. In the winter, this value was 77.2%, demonstrating that mini-cuttings are a promising technique for ‘BRS Guaraçá’. Foliar spraying of GA promoted an increase in mini-cutting production, without interfering with their rooting.
Portrait of a Teacher of Educators Prof. Dr. Orhan Okay as a Role Model
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Tacettin , ARSLAN M. Abdullah
Published: April 2021

In education, the importance of effective and behavioral transfer besides cognitive information is a fact. In this sense, an educator is expected to be an example in terms of his behaviors as well as transferring his knowledge to the students. The best way to raise good students and form the desired behavior in them is the educators who personally touch the lives of their students being role models. In the Turkish academic world, M. Orhan Okay has a remarkable place not only with his scientific studies but also with his “human work” upbringing style. This study is carried out with document analysis which is one of the qualitative research methods. In this study, it is underlined that Okay is a role model/an ideal educator, further every aspect of his ideal educationalism, which complements his exemplary scientist identity, is emphasized. In this respect, besides being a well-equipped scientist, he showed his students and the whole academic environment how an example of an ideal / role model should be. In either way, he expected his students to do what he did personally (as an exemplary person in the academic and non-academic world). In conclusion, it is hoped that the educator deformation which has increased in recent years will disappear to a certain extent thanks to exemplary educators like Professor Okay.
Mission of the school as an element of the socio-ecological model of developing students' sense of school belonging
Authors: Dernowska Urszula
Published: April 2021

While the benefits of school belonging are well documented, the issue of the possibility of strengthening and developing students' identification with this place by the school itself is less well known. The aim of this paper is to present a socio-ecological model of developing school belonging inspired by Urie Bronfenbrenner's theory of ecological systems. This article focuses on the mission of the school as an element of this model. The mission defines the school's priorities, defines values and goals, indicates the state towards which the organization is heading. From this point of view, the school mission can be an important tool in the process of strengthening students' sense of identification with the school.
Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Copper Slag Based Blended Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: RATHANASALAM Vijayasarathy , PERUMALSAMI Jayabalan , JAYAKUMAR Karthikeyan
Published: April 2021

This work presents a novel way to examine the characteristics of fly ash, copper slag (CPS) along with the addition of Ultrafine Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (UFGGBFS) based Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) for various molarities (10M, 12M and 14M). In GPC, fly ash was replaced with UFGGBFS (5 %, 10 % and 15 %) and copper slag was used as fine aggregate. Mechanical Characterization such as split tensile, flexural strength, workability and water absorption were conducted . GPC characterization and microstructural behaviour was studied  by examining X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). From experimental results this study concludes that with a rise in molarity of GPC, along with incorporation of UFGGBFS, improved the performance, densification and strength of GPC.
Synthesis of Lauric-Myristic Acid/Activated Carbon Composite as a New Shape-Stabilized Energy Storage Material
Authors: Chen Yanghua , GE Minrong , ZHAO Feng , YANG Xue
Published: April 2021

In this work, a new composite phase change material (CPCM) with lauric-myristic acid (LA-MA) eutectic as PCM and activated carbon (AC) was used as supporting material with four different mass ratios of 5.0:5.0, 5.5:4.5, 6.0:4.0, and 6.5:3.5, respectively. The properties and microstructure of LA-MA/AC were analyzed by some characterization methods. The results show that the composite process of LA-MA eutectic and AC was a simple physical mixing and no new chemical bonds were found. The fusion and freeze temperature, enthalpy of the samples were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the residual weight of the samples was analyzed by thermogravimeter (TGA). It was shown that the fusion and freeze temperature of LA-MA eutectic separately were 32.42 ℃ and 33.63 ℃, and its fusion enthalpy and freeze enthalpy were 152.64 J/g and 148.8 J/g, respectively. TGA data shows that the thermal stability of LA-MA eutectic was obviously improved by adding AC as a support material. The results of this study can be available for reference to solar energy storage applications.
Nanostructured VO2 (A) and VO2 (M) Derived from VO2 (B): Facile Preparations and Analyses of Structural, Thermal, Optical and Thermophysical Properties
Authors: BARRA Hamdi Muhyuddin , CHEN Soo Kien , TAMCHEK Nizam , TALIB Zainal Abidin , LEE Oon Jew , TAN Kar Ban
Published: April 2021

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is an interesting compound that exists in different polymorphic phases with varying characteristics and potential applications. In this study, fabrication and property analyses of three VO2 polymorphs, namely VO2 (B), VO2 (A), and VO2 (M), are described. Specifically, VO2 (B) was prepared via hydrothermal method under a low synthesis temperature of 180 °C and a fast processing time of 24 h. In addition, VO2 (A) and VO2 (M) were derived from the as-synthesized VO2 (B) using sequential hydrothermal treatment and calcination process, respectively. From the field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) scans, belt-like VO2 (B) nanoparticles with dimensions of as low as 35 × 130 nm2 were formed. Further, hydrothermal treatment of the as-synthesized VO2 (B) resulted to a flower-shaped VO2 (A) due possibly to an oriented attachment mechanism. Meanwhile, annealing of the VO2 (B) sample caused granular growth that produced plate-like and oblate shaped VO2 (M) with dimensions of 135 to 306 nm in diameter and 28 to 37 nm in thickness. Moreover, the thermochromic properties of the samples were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) while the thermophysical properties of the samples were measured via microflash method. Accordingly, the prepared VO2 (A) and VO2 (M) samples exhibited phase transition behavior at 168.37 °C and 68.6 °C, respectively. Subsequently, changes in the thermophysical properties of each sample can be observed across the measured transition temperature. In particular, an increase in both the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of VO2 (M) can be observed when the temperature was raised from 50 °C to 100 °C. On the other hand, there is a noticeable decrease in the thermal conductivity of VO2 (A) when the temperature was increased from 150 °C to 200 °C.
Copper Ion Detection Method Based on a Quantum Dot Fluorescent Probe
Authors: YANG Pu , DONG Feng , YU Yaguang , SHI Jiahui , SUN Ming
Published: April 2021

The heavy metal ion Cu2+ was used as the research object in this study. Cu2+ was detected using a cysteine- and glutathione-modified cadmium telluride quantum dot solution. Compounds of Cu2+ and modified quantum dots on the surface caused the fluorescence quenching of quantum dots. A linear relationship existed between the concentration and the intensity of the change in fluorescence quenching. Using this linear relationship, the quantitative detection of the Cu2+ content in the solution by quantum dots was achieved; the detection band was 476-800 nm. Under optimized conditions, the detection limit of the method was 3.58×10-5 mol/L (S/N=3, n=11), and the linear range was 3×10-7 to 8×10-4 mol/L. In a certain experimental environment, standard normal variate preprocessing of the characteristic band and partial least squares modeling and analysis yielded good self-prediction and actual prediction abilities. The correction coefficient was 0.9006. The RMSEC was 8.83084 µmol/L, the determination coefficient of the validation set was 0.8686, and the RMSEP was 5.4320 µmol/L. The results showed that the modeling effect was good in the experiment, the operation was simple and convenient, and the experiment was fast, reliable, and nonpolluting, indicating that the method of detecting Cu2+ using a quantum dot fluorescent probe was feasible.
Silver-containing Cation Exchange Resin: Synthesis and Application
Authors: KHAYDAROV Renat , ABDUKHAKIMOV Murodjon , GARIPOV Ilnur , SADIKOV Ilkham , KRISHNAMURTHY Praveen Thaggikuppe , EVGRAFOVA Svetlana
Published: April 2021

Cation exchange resins are widely used for water softening and demineralization all over the world. Deposition, metabolism, and growth of bacteria and fungi on the resin beads cause capacity and performance losses, especially during repeated use in cyclic and long-term operations. Over the last decades, modification of different materials by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has demonstrated to present significant opportunities in mitigating biofouling problems. The paper deals with a novel facile technique of introducing silver colloids (AgC) into cation exchange resin, providing the formation of silver micro- and nano-inclusions on the cation resin beads. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements have confirmed a spherical shape and uniform distribution of AgC (50 – 1000 nm) on the surface of the resin. To evaluate the antibacterial and fungicidal properties of AgC on the cation resin beads, we have used Aureobasidium sp., Penicillium sp., and Staphylococcus aureus cultures. AgC coating has proved to efficiently prevent bacteria/biofilm growth on the cation resin beads and thereby significantly increase the service life of the cation exchange resin, especially in hot climatic conditions. Possible antibiofouling mechanisms of the modified nanocomposite cationite have been discussed. Since 2020, the modified silver-containing cationite has been successfully utilized for water softening systems of boiler equipment in Uzbekistan, demonstrating the suitability of the suggested facile coating technique for reducing fouling of cation-exchange resin.
Anwaltsrecht
Authors: Peitscher Stefan
Published: April 2021

Die dritte, komplett überarbeitete Auflage bringt das Lehrbuch auf den aktuellen Stand von Gesetzgebung, Rechtsprechung und Literatur. Erneut hat das Anwaltsrecht tiefgreifende, durch den gesellschaftlichen, wirtschaftlichen und technischen Wandel angetriebene Veränderungen erfahren. Die Berufsanerkennungsrichtlinie ist umgesetzt und die Verschwiegenheitspflicht umfassend novelliert worden, neue Fachanwaltschaften sind hinzugekommen und eine Reform des anwaltlichen Gesellschaftsrechts steht vor der Tür. Die Neuauflage stellt dies dar, hinterfragt und schaut voraus. Sie gibt so einen kompakten und systematischen Überblick über das anwaltliche Berufs-, Vertrags- und Haftungsrecht.
Effect of Chamomile Extract on Prevention of Peristomal Skin Complications
Authors: Abedi Abbas , Dianati Mansour , Gilasi Hamidreza
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of chamomile extract on the prevention of peristomal skin complications. Methods: This single-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 ostomy patients who were referred to Koroush Health Clinic, Isfahan, Iran. For the participants in the intervention group, chamomile extract was applied topically on the peristomal skin. For the participants in the control group, distilled water was applied as a placebo. The intervention group participants’ peristomal skin was examined using the ostomy skin tool (OST) once a week for four consecutive weeks. The peristomal skin in the control group was assessed at the beginning and the end of the study. Results: The intervention and control groups were not significantly different in terms of gender, marital status, educational degree, ostomy type, chemotherapy history, and radiotherapy history. The scores of the OST indicated that after the intervention, the scores of skin complications (color change, secretion, and wound) around the stoma were significantly higher in the control group than in the intervention group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings showed that chamomile extract was effective in preventing peristomal skin complications and related side effects. The results of the present study can be used by health care professionals to manage peristomal skin complications.
Graphene modification based on plasma technologies
Authors: Zhao Wen-Qi , Zhang Dai , Cui Ming-Hui , Du Ying , Zhang Shu-Yu , Ou Qiong-Rong ,   Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Published: April 2021

Plasma contains highly reactive species, including electrons, ions, radicals, photons, etc., which are critical for catalyzing or directly participating in chemical reactions. Plasma is a highly efficient tool in chemical synthesis and material modification, since it can make the chemical reactions that are difficult or even impossible to occur under thermal equilibrium conditions take place and accelerate through its catalysis. The chemical reactivity of graphene under conventional conditions is low, which means that the reaction of graphene requires high temperature, high pressure and/or strong acid or alkali, thereby restricting the synthesis and modification of novel graphene-derived materials. Plasma-assisted graphene reaction can trigger a series of chemical reactions, such as reduction, oxidation, defect repair, doping, grafting, epitaxial growth and cross-linking of graphene, under ambient temperature and pressure without any corrosive conditions. It provides great potentials for the functional modification of graphene and the synthesis of graphene composites, which deserve further exploration. Over the past decade, a number of studies of graphene synthesis and modification by using plasma with distinctive characteristics have been reported. However, most of reports focused on the presentation of technical routes and corresponding results, and the research on chemical reaction kinetics is still far from being fully addressed. In this review, we make a comprehensive discussion about these reports by mainly summarizing and discussing some of the representative results, in order to promote further research in the relevant fields.
Integrated metabolome and transcriptome revealed the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in developing Vernonia amygdalina leaves
Authors: Shui Lanya , Huo Kaisen , Chen Yan , Zhang Zilin , Li Yanfang , Niu Jun
Published: April 2021

Background

Vernonia amygdalina as a tropical horticultural crop has been widely used for medicinal herb, feed, and vegetable. Recently, increasing studies revealed that this species possesses multiple pharmacological properties. Notably, V. amygdalina leaves possess an abundance of flavonoids, but the specific profiles of flavonoids and the mechanisms of fl avonoid bi osynthesis in developing leaves are largely unknown.

Methods

The total flavonoids of V. amygdalina leaves were detected using ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The temporal flavonoid profiles of V. amygdalina leaves were analyzed by LC-MS. The transcriptome analysis of V. amygdalina leaves was performed by Illumina sequencing. Functional annotation and differential expression analysis of V. amygdalina genes were performed by Blast2GO v2.3.5 and RSEM v1.2.31, respectively. qRT-PCR analysis was used to verify the gene expressions in developing V. amygdalina leaves.

Results

By LC-MS analysis, three substrates (p-coumaric acid, trans-cinnamic acid, and phenylalanine) for flavonoid biosynthesis were identified in V. amygdalina leaves. Additionally, 42 flavonoids were identified from V. amygdalina leaves, including six dihydroflavones, 14 flavones, eight isoflavones, nine flavonols, two xanthones, one chalcone, one cyanidin, and one dihydroflavonol. Glycosylation and methylation were common at the hydroxy group of C3, C7, and C4’ positions. Moreover, dynamic patterns of different flavonoids showed diversity. By Illumina sequencing, the obtained over 200 million valid reads were assembled into 60,422 genes. Blast analysis indicated that 31,872 genes were annotated at least in one of public databases. Greatly increasing molecular resources makes up for the lack of gene information in V. amygdalina. By digital expression profiling and qRT-PCR, we specifically characterized some key enzymes, such as Va-PAL1, Va-PAL4, Va-C4H1, Va-4CL3, Va-ACC1, Va-CHS1, Va-CHI, Va-FNSII, and Va-IFS3, involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. Importantly, integrated metabolome and transcriptome data of V. amygdalina leaves, we systematically constructed a flavonoid biosynthetic pathway with regards to material supplying, flavonoid scaffold biosynthesis, and flavonoid modifications. Our findings contribute significantly to understand the underlying mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis in V. amygdalina leaves, and also provide valuable information for potential metabolic engineering.
Cardiovascular Surgery Risk Assessment in the “Real World”: ArgenSCORE Adjusted by Center
Authors: Carosella Victorio , Grancelli Hugo , Stutzbach Pablo , Sigal Alan , Lerech Ezequiel , Morcos Ludmila , Villalba César , Lowenstein Haber Diego , Hita Alejandro , Nojek Carlos
Published: April 2021

Background: The ArgenSCORE I was developed in 1999 on a population with 8% mortality. The ArgenSCORE II emerged after recalibrating the original model in 2007 on a validation population with 4% mortality. Using the CONAREC XVI registry, we evaluated the hypothesis that the ArgenSCORE II could better predict the risk of in-hospital mortality in centers with low mortality, whereas the ArgenSCORE I could better predict mortality in centers with high mortality. Methods: A total of 2548 patients from 44 centers of the prospective and multicenter cardiac surgery CONAREC XVI registry, were analyzed. Mean observed mortality (OM) and mean expected mortality (EM) were estimated applying both versions of the ArgenSCORE. The OM/EM ratio was calculated in each center for both models and the Z test was used to evaluate significant differences. Results: In-hospital mortality was 7.69% for the entire registry. In 75% of the centers (33/44) mortality was >6%. In centers with mortality <6%, the OM/EM ratio was close to 1 after applying the ArgenSCORE II, without significant differences. In centers with mortality > 6%, the ArgenSCORE II significantly underestimated the risk. On the contrary, when the ArgenSCORE I was applied in these centers, the OM/EM ratio was close to 1, without significant differences. Conclusions: The recalibrated ArgenSCORE II is recommended in centers with mortality < 6%, while in those with mortality > 6% the original ArgenSCORE I has better performance.
Work Socialization and Workplace Conflict in Major Oil Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Sotonye Uranta, Raphael , Zeb-Obipi I. , Konya Kaanakia T.
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the relationship between work socialization and workplace conflict in major oil companies in Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey in its investigation of the variables. Primary data was generated through the self-administered questionnaire. The population for the study was two hundred and fifty-three (253) employees of seven (7) selected manufacturing companies in Port Harcourt. A total of 7 major multinational oil companies were investigated. 35 administrative management staff were sampled using the stratified sampling technique. The spearman correlation statistic was used in testing the hypotheses formulated. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. The tests were carried out at a 95% confidence interval and a 0.05 level of significance. Results from analysis of data revealed that socialization had both significant and negative influence on interpersonal, intrapersonal, inter-group and intra-group conflicts. The study recommends that socialization should be part and parcel of organizational fabric to attain great heights in terms of workforce cooperation which eliminates workplace conflict; and multinational oil companies should develop means to have a well-defined employee-oriented culture as this will boost socio-cultural diversity management within the employees and as such lead to constructive workplace conflict and harmony.
Biological Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial effect of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using Aqueous Extract of Mango Pulp (Mangifera indica)
Authors: Yahya S. M. , Abdulmumin Y. , Abdulmumin T. M. , Sagagi B. S. , Murtala M. , Salau A. K. , Hassan S. A.
Published: April 2021

The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles proceeds through the reduction of silver ions by the phytochemicals as an initial step in the formation of the nanoparticles. The phytochemicals also involved in the subsequent steps by stabilization and directing the shape and size of nanoparticles. In this study, a mango pulp extract was used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using “One pot biological method of synthesis” under ambient temperature. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized through visual development of color,UV-VIS spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared ray. The antimicrobial activities of the synthesized mango pulp Ag-NPs were determined using agar well diffusion method, MIC and MBC methods. The biosynthesized Ag-NPs showed a yellowish-brown color. Broad bell-shaped range bend was gotten from UV–Vis examination with different metabolites of MPAgNPs, this makes the plasmon band wide. Surface plasmon reverberation (SPR) of silver happens at 350 - 375 nm for the 7Nps at 2Mm concentration and 13Nps at 1Mm. The FTIR shows absorbance at 3335 m-1, 3324 m-1, 326 8 m-1, 3258 m-1, and 1640 m-1 were obtained for mango pulp extract-mediated (Ag-NPs), which indicated that proteins were the capping and stabilizing molecules in the biogenic synthesis of (Ag-NPs). Silver nanoparticles at various concentration of AgNO3 (2 mM, 1 mM, and 0.5 mM) have shown a profound effect by inhibiting the growth of E. Coli and S. Aureus with an inhibition zone of 12±0, 11.5±0.70, 11.33±1.5 and 12.5±2.12, 12±1.14, 12±4.24 using gentamycin as control (15.16±0.76. and 26.67±2.1) respectively, also MIC and MBC result of the MPAg-NPs extract have shown a –ve results confirming the potentiality of the extract against microbial forms. In conclusion, mango pulp silver nano particles demonstrated the feasibility of eco-friendly biogenic synthesis of Ag-NPs from a reliable, safe and available material (mango) that can be used for the green synthesis of Ag-NPs. And it also exhibits significant antimicrobial activity against gram –ve and gram +ve bacteria.
Review on Antioxidant and Hemagglutination Properties of Chia and Basil Seeds
Authors: Hawaldar Ayesha Saman , Ballal Suhas
Published: April 2021

Medicinal plants have always benefitted the human society. Traditionally many plants and their products have been used to cure many deadly diseases. It has estimated by the WHO that more than 80% of the world population relies on the natural products for their health care. It has been reported that these natural remedies are cost-efficient, environment friendly, as well as biocompatible for the human use. Chia and Basil seeds are the two plant products that have been long known for their antioxidant properties. It has been reported that both of these seeds are abundant source of healthy omega-3 as well as omega-6 fatty acid, polyphenol and antioxidants like caffeic acid, myricetin, quicertin and others. The current study is focused on reviewing the antioxidant benefits of consumption of these seeds in the daily diet. This study will further help the researchers to carry out more extensive research to find out other benefits of these seeds on the human health. These seeds then can be further used as the main ingredient in many essential foods for the marketable application.
Evaluation of Safety Performance of Nigerian Construction Industry - A Case Study of the Niger Delta Region
Authors: Ugwu Tochi Pauline , Nwaichi Eucharia Oluchi , Patricks-E Chinemerem
Published: April 2021

The Construction industry contributes greatly to the socio economic development of any nation. Despite its importance, the Construction industry has been ranked as one of the most hazardous industries across the globe. This research evaluated the safety performance of Construction companies in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and the effect of management commitment to safety management implementation on safety performance. Qualitative and Quantitative research survey method was deployed. The study population comprises nine construction companies in the Niger Delta, selected through stratified sampling method. 190 respondents were purposively selected from the nine construction companies for questionnaire administration. The collected data was analyzed descriptively to determine the safety performance of the industry. Pearson Moment correlation statistics was used to establish the relationship between management commitment to safety management implementation and safety performance in the industry. Obtained results revealed a moderate level of safety performance at leading indicators with average mean of 3.23 ±1.22 in Construction industry in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and poor level of safety performance at lagging indicators with average mean of 3.42±1.26. Interestingly, a strong, positive correlation was identified between Management Commitment and Safety performance for leading indicators, which was statistically significant (r = .506, n = 190, p = .005). A strong negative correlation however was seen between Management Commitment and Safety Performance for lagging indicators, which was statistically significant (r = -.408, n = 190, p = .003). This implies that where top management is committed to implementation of occupational health and safety management in such organization, there would be better safety practices and reduced rate of accidents.
Flexible Self‐Powered Integrated Sensing System with 3D Periodic Ordered Black Phosphorus@MXene Thin‐Films
Authors: Zhang Yupu , Wang Lili , Zhao Lianjia , Wang Kang , Zheng Yiqiang , Yuan Zeyu , Wang Dongyi , Fu Xiyao , Shen Guozhen , Han Wei
Published: April 2021

Accurate and continuous detection of physiological signals without the need for an external power supply is a key technology for realizing wearable electronics as next‐generation biomedical devices. Herein, it is shown that a MXene/black phosphorus (BP)‐based self‐powered smart sensor system can be designed by integrating a flexible pressure sensor with direct‐laser‐writing micro‐supercapacitors and solar cells. Using a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) self‐assembly process to form a periodic interleaving MXene/BP lamellar structure results in a high energy‐storage capacity in a direct‐laser‐writing micro‐supercapacitor to drive the operation of sensors and compensate the intermittency of light illumination. Meanwhile, with MXene/BP as the sensitive layer in a flexible pressure sensor, the pressure sensitivity of the device can be improved to 77.61 kPa–1 at an optimized elastic modulus of 0.45 MPa. Furthermore, the smart sensor system with fast response time (10.9 ms) shows a real‐time detection capability for the state of the human heart under physiological conditions. It is believed that the proposed study based on the design and integration of MXene materials will provide a general platform for next‐generation self‐powered electronics.
A New Porous Metallic Carbon Allotrope with Interlocking Pentagons for Sodium‐Ion Battery Anode Material
Authors: Ni Dongyuan , Guo Yaguang , Shen Yupeng , Wang Qian
Published: April 2021

The high rate performance of metal‐ion batteries requires the anode to be conductive not just ionically but also electronically. This criterion has significantly stimulated study on porous metallic carbon with intrinsically high electron conductivity. In contrast to the previously reported metallic T6‐carbon constructed by interlocking carbon hexagons, here a new 3D metallic carbon composed of interlocking carbon pentagons, penta‐h22, is proposed. Based on state‐of‐the‐art theoretical calculations, it is shown that penta‐h22 is energetically more stable than T6‐carbon. More importantly, different from T6‐carbon with too small pores for metal ions, penta‐h22 possesses a large specific capacity of 609 mAh g–1, low diffusion barrier of 0.20 eV, low open‐circuit voltage of 0.63 V, and small volume change of 1.75%. These parameters clearly indicate that pentagon‐based 3D porous carbon is promising for the anode of Na‐ion batteries.
Wastewater‐recovered struvite effects on total extractable phosphorus compared with other phosphorus sources
Authors: Anderson Ryder , Brye Kristofor R. , Greenlee Lauren , Roberts Trent L. , Gbur Edward
Published: April 2021

Intentional precipitation of the phosphorus (P)‐containing mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O) is an attractive option in sustainable water management due to the ability to recover P from various waste sources. Limited research has assessed struvite's potential as a fertilizer P source in agronomic soils compared with other conventional fertilizer P sources under flooded soil conditions, common for lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). The objective of this study was to evaluate total extractable soil P over time from a wastewater‐recovered struvite (ST) material in a plant‐less soil incubation with two silt‐loam (SiL) and a silty clay loam (SiCL) soil in a flooded soil environment compared to monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and triple superphosphate (TSP). Replicated soil cups were amended at a rate of 24.5 kg P ha–1 and were sampled after 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mo. Total water‐soluble (WS) soil P concentrations increased the most from the initial in the ST treatment (69.9 and 52.2 mg kg–1 after 0.5 and 1 mo, respectively) than in any other treatment in the first month. However, throughout the remaining 3 mo of incubation, total WS soil P concentrations generally decreased, but remained greater than the initial, and were similar among fertilizer treatments. Averaged over time, total Mehlich‐3 (M3) soil P concentrations in all three soils increased the most from the initial in the ST treatment (66.6, 71.3, and 74.5 mg kg–1, respectively), which did not differ from MAP and TSP. The comparable total WS‐P and M3‐P concentrations among fertilizers under flooded soil conditions further support struvite's agronomic potential as an alternative fertilizer P source.