bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atypical Presentation of Alcoholic Liver Disease as Isolated Direct Hyperbilirubinaemia with Non Resolving Pneumonia Secondary to Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli and Aspergillus Co-infection: A Case Report
Authors: Mishra Rashmi , Garg Sandeep , Gowda Raghu V , Bharti Praveen , Sharma Priya
Published: May 2023

It is uncommon for a patient with Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) to arrive with solitary hyperbilirubinaemia that is not accompanied by substantial hepatic abnormalities. Patients with ALD are more likely to develop bacterial and Invasive Fungal Infections (IFI) early in the course of their disease and both are linked with more severe systemic inflammation, a poorer clinical prognosis, and a higher mortality. Because of escalating antibiotic usage, lengthy hospital stays, and intensive medical procedures, hospitalised cirrhotic patients are increasingly at risk of acquiring IFI. In patients with alcoholic liver failure, persistent IFI are a primary cause of death and treatment resistance. This was a case of a 34-year-old male with an unusual combination of worsening sepsis and worsening jaundice without any other significant abnormalities in liver function. He was given adequate antibiotics to treat the isolated organism Escherichia coli (E. coli), but his pneumonia persisted. After positive tests for an IFI, he was given antifungal medications as well. He failed to improve and finally gave into his illness.
Unilateral Traumatic Atresia of External Auditory Canal: A Case Report
Authors: Kanagamuthu Priya , Unnikrishnan Sandeep , Anand Raghvi
Published: May 2023

External Auditory Canal (EAC) atresia, which can be acquired or congenital, is a condition in which the EAC is not present. A blind sac in the external acoustic meatus is the result of intraluminal or extraluminal processes of various aetiologies, which can lead to acquired atresia of the EAC. Acquired EAC atresia is a rare disorder of the EAC, and it is extremely uncommon for it to be brought on by direct trauma. In present investigation, a 31-year-old female patient, leading to onset of right temporal discomfort and impaired hearing in the right ear. On examination, a 10×1 cm tender scar was present extending from right parietal region till right zygomatic arch with stenosis in the right external auditory meatus. Facial nerve examination revealed loss of wrinkling on right side with slight deviation of the angle of mouth to left side. High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) temporal bone showed soft tissue causing complete occlusion of right EAC. Patient underwent right EAC atresiaplasty with canaloplasty and canal reconstruction. Facial nerve weakness persisted postoperatively. Patient is still on follow-up and has improved symptomatically with no restenosis. Surgical management of EAC atresia is very challenging, thus it needs meticulous planning and long term follow-up for good results which was evident in the present case.
Type IVA Choledochal Cyst in Adult: A Case Report
Authors: Nichkaode Prabhat B , Jayakar Sheetal Sudhir , Jayakar Sudhir R , Reddy Vakati Sreemanth
Published: May 2023

Choledochal cyst is a congenital disease of the biliary tract with extrahepatic and/or intrahepatic biliary tree dilatation. There is a female majority (4:1). Controlling biliary sepsis and curing pancreatitis are prerequisites of surgery. Here, a 35-year-old female patient, came with complaints of epigastric and right upper abdominal pain for three days. On examination per abdomen was soft, non distended, right hypochondriac tenderness was present, no guarding, bowel sounds were audible. Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was done which showed fusiform dilatation of Common Bile Duct (CBD), Common Hepatic Duct (CHD), right and left hepatic duct, along with mild dilatation of central intrahepatic biliary radicals (4.8-5 mm)- suggestive of choledochal cyst type IVA. Hepatico-duodenostomy was done. The entire extrahepatic biliary tree should be removed when the choledochal cyst is diagnosed whether or not symptoms are present. Despite being congenital, the condition is typically discovered in adulthood as well. The treatment of choledochal cysts has evolved. The current standard of care is cyst excision and hepaticojejunostomy
Farmers’ Perception of Climate Variability Effects on Arable Crop Productivity in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajewole O. C. , Abdu-Raheem K. A. , Fadumila A. L.
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the perceptions of arable farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria, about the effects of climate variability on the production of their crops, as well as the coping methods employed to reduce the perceived consequences. Using a multistage random sample approach, 120 participants were selected for the study. The gathered information was analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation. The average age of the farmers was found to be 48.44 years, and the majority of them hold a postsecondary degree (45%). Findings indicated that a rise in temperature, an increase in precipitation, a longer rainy season, and a shorter dry season were the most noticeable indicators of climate variability. In addition, the majority of farmers reported that a shorter dry season (71.7%), a longer rainy season (65%), a rise in rainfall (55.8%),and an increase in temperature (50.8%) enhanced agricultural output. Crop rotation (83.3%), planting of different crops (82.5%), adoption of mixed cropping (78.3%), moving to a different area (66.7%), use of chemicals, fertilizer, and pesticides (65.8%), different planting dates, increasing farm size, and planting of cover crops (65%), and planting of different varieties (64.2%) are the major coping strategies adopted by the majority of farmers. Additionally, planting different crops varieties at different time, shifting cultivation, expansion in farm size, adoption of routine practices such as irrigation, application of agro-chemicals, fertilizers and pesticides had significant impact on farming experience. This study reveals that farmers are well-informed about climate variability, its dangers and challenges it poses on production, hence, there is need for necessary precautions to manage the risks. It also advises and provides farmers with needed climatic information in form of forecast in order for them to be well informed, prepared, and engage in proactive measures for future planting seasons, as opposed to being only reactive. Therefore, agencies such meterological and association of commercial extension professionals should continue in providing up to date report on climate change and its subsequent effect on crop production.
Genetic Variability and Correlation Studies in Advance Families of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L)
Authors: R. Padmashree , Honnappa . , J. Shanthala , D. L. Savithramma , R. Sanjeev Kumar
Published: May 2023

Genetic variability is a major component which helps in selecting better genotypes under different environmental conditions. Thus, this study was conducted to understand the genetic variability and its components and their trait associations of yield characters from the cross of GKVK-13 and KCG-2 that contribute to the F6 and F7 families. In an augmented block design with three checks, TMV-2, KCG-6, and KCG-2, the study was carried out at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, in the 2017 summer and Kharif (rainy seasons). Highly significant differences between the families were found in the analysis of variance for all the characters studied in the F6 and F7 generations, indicating that there is enough variation. Furthermore, medium to high Phenotypic coefficient of variation and Genotypic coefficient of variation values coupled with high heritability and medium to high genetic advance as per cent mean observed in most of the traits showed that the majority of the attributes were controlled by additive gene activity and that there was adequate variability. In addition, phenotypic correlation coefficients depicted significant positive associations for most of the traits studied. The implications of the results are discussed. The study concludes that there was the presence of additive genes controlling most of the traits and early selection of these traits is possible for groundnut improvement in the breeding programme.
A Survey Study to Assess the Prevalence of Storage Insect Pest on the Seed Health Status of Farmers in Telangana, India
Authors: Padmasri A. , Jayanth B. V. , Rajeswari B.
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Telangana is considered as seed bowl of India. About 65% of rice produced will be used either for consumption or seed purpose.  Hence, farmers save their produce till next season. But in storage it is infested with many insect pests. Due to lack of awareness about scientific storage techniques they are unable to produce quality seed.

Materials and Methods: Eighty-five rice seed samples were collected from seven major rice producing areas of the Telangana. Seed samples were drawn from top, middle and bottom positions of the container with a sampler, from the storage structures. A total of fourteen seed stores were sampled and composite samples were collected from these stores for further assessment in a laboratory. From each container, three samples, each consisting of 500 g of rice seed was taken.  Samples were bulked and 500 g sample prepared as sample. Each sample was put in a paper bag and labeled with the necessary information (name of the site, sample number, date of sampling, storage time.

Results: Sixty three percent samples were infested with lesser grain borer; Rhyzopertha dominica; Angoumois grain moth; Sitotroga cereallela,  rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae; rust red flour beetle, Tribolium cataneum; Saw toothed beetle Oryzaephillus surinamensis. Among these insect pests, Angoumois grain moth and lesser grain borer were predominant. The maximum seed moisture content (12.57%) was recorded in the samples of Miryalaguda district and minimum seed moisture content (9.39%) in samples of Warangal district. The maximum insect infestation 5.73% was recorded in samples of district Rangareddy and the minimum (0.23%) sample were infested in Mahaboobnagar district. The maximum germination (95%) was noticed in seed sample of Nizamabad district and the minimum (79.57%) in samples of Warangal district. However, the maximum 1745 and minimum 1400 seed vigour index were observed in Nizamabad and Mahaboobnagar districts, respectively. The overall average performance of seed samples collected different villages of seven districts of Telangana were seed moisture content (10.88%) seed damaged (2.16 %), seed germination (90.43%) and Seed Vigour Index (1539).
Annual Mean Temperature and Rain Precipitation in North America Using NHPP to Detect Climate Changes
Authors: Achcar Jorge Alberto , Rodrigues Eliane R. , Oliveira Ricardo Puziol de , Barili Emerson
Published: May 2023

In this study, non-homogeneous Poisson processes (NHPP) are assumed to analyze annual average temperatures and rain precipitations, considering climate data for some regions of North America reported for a long period. A power law process (PLP) is assumed for the intensity function (derivative of the mean value function) or rate \(\lambda\) (t), t \(\ge\) 0 of the NHPP which the Poisson events occur considering data (accumulated number of years in a given time interval [0,t) where the climate measure is above a threshould given by the overal average in the assumed period) in presence or not of a change-point. The parameters of the assumed model are estimated under a Bayesian approach and using MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) methods. Alternatively to the use of a PLP process, we also assume a polynomial parametrical form for the mean value function of the NHPP process where a simple Bayesian inference approach is proposed to get better fit for the intensity and mean value functions of the NHPP process. From the fitted models it was possible to to detect the years where climate changes occurred.
Status of Sacred Groves in India: A Review
Authors: Warrier Kannan C. S. , Warrier Rekha R. , Thangavel V.
Published: May 2023

Areas covering native plant and tree species protected on behalf of religious grounds are                    known as sacred groves. Apart from India, sacred groves occur in various countries including America, Australia, Africa, Asia and Europe. They are not merely patches of forests but are                  islands in desolated landscapes. Many valuable medicinal plants and wild relatives of                   cultivated species are residing in sacred groves which have got tremendous roles to play in species or tree improvement programmes. Ancient sacred groves should be treated as possessing “Incomparable Values” according to the National Environment Policy of India.  This paper reviewed extensively, analyzed and presented the current status on these invaluable resource pockets in India.
Comparative Response Studies on Organic Amendments and Leguminous Intercropping on Maize (Zea mays L.) Agronomic Traits and Photosynthetic Activity
Authors: George Bexell , Manuel R. Isaac , Thankappan Sugitha , Poonguzhali R. Susan
Published: May 2023

The present study aimed to optimize a suitable nutrient management practice with the co-application of organic amendments and leguminous intercropping for sustainable maize production. The experiment was conducted during the Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2022-’23 in randomized block design following ten treatments. Maize (hybrid COH (M) 6) seeds were sown in rows at a spacing of 60ⅹ25 cm following the treatments: T1 - Absolute control, T2 – Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF) alone, T3 - RDF + Poultry Manure (4t ha-1), T4 - RDF + FYM (12.5 t ha-1), T5 - RDF + Poultry Manure (4 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping, T6 - RDF + FYM (12.5 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping, T7 - 75 % RDF + Poultry Manure (4 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping, T8 - 75% RDF + FYM (12.5 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping, T9 - 50% RDF + Poultry Manure (4 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping, T10 - 50% RDF + FYM (12.5 t ha-1) + Black gram intercropping. Observations for plant height, dry matter production (DMP), and Relative Chlorophyll Content (RCC) were recorded at different phenological stages on 30, 45, and 60 DAS. The results showed that the treatment T5 amended with poultry manure recorded the highest growth attributes and yield during the two consecutive seasons, followed by T6, T7, and T8, whereas the lowest was in T1. While comparing growth and yield attributes in in the second season (Rabi 2022-’23), the treatments T7 and T8 with 75 % RDF + FYM/poultry manure remarked substantial yield increase. The results suggest that co-application of organic manures like poultry manure or FYM with reduced dosages of mineral fertilizer, could be recommended as an optimal nutrient management strategy for sustainable maize production.
Influence of Integrated Nutrient Management and Plant Geometry on Nutrient Uptake of Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague) in the Southern Zone of Telangana, India
Authors: Srikanth T. , Joshi Veena , Lakshminarayana D. , Vijaya D.
Published: May 2023

An experiment was conducted during late kharif season of 2019-20 at College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, to find out the influence of integrated nutrient management and plant geometry on nutrient uptake of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague) in the Southern zone of Telangana. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with 12 treatments, replicated thrice. The treatments include four Integrated nutrient management levels (INM1, INM2, INM3 and INM4) and three plant geometries (S1, S2 and S3). Results showed that available nitrogen  (351.33 kg ha-1), phosphorous (96.94 kg ha-1) and potassium (231.88 kg ha-1) content in soil were found significantly higher in T3 (INM1+ S3) over other treatments where as, T10 (INM4+ S1) recorded the lowest. The nutrient content in plant i.e. nitrogen (1.65%), phosphorous (0.93%), and potassium content (1.20%) in plant was found significantly maximum in T3 (INM1+ S3) while, the minimum was recorded in T7 (INM3+ S1). Regarding nutrient uptake by the crop, nitrogen (87.79 kg ha-1)  phosphorous (61.10 kg ha-1) and potassium (61.99 kg ha-1) were found significantly higher in T1(INM1+ S1), while it was the lowest in T8 (INM3+ S2).
Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Owerri Municipal and Its Environs, Imo State, Nigeria (2005 – 2015)
Authors: Ejenma E. , Durumbah-Obi Femi Martins , Falana Olufemi , Susan Ajiere,
Published: May 2023

Land use/land cover changes in Owerri Municipal and its environs which included Orogwe, Ubomiri, Emii, Uratta, Ihiagwa and Egbu were studied as being driven by rapid population growth for urbanisation. The study applied the digital technology of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (ARC GIS 9.3 Version software). These tools were implored to generate land use/land cover maps for the period; 2005, 2010 and 2015 and to determine the area in km2 of each of the six classes of land use/land cover types, the percentage change of the total area covered, accuracy of the overall classification including the Kappa coefficient, while a classification scheme was used to develop the classified land use/land cover maps. Also satellite imagery for the period (2005-2015) was imputed into the ENVI 4.5 software environment, composited, digitized and exported to the Arc. GIS where they were clipped with the study area. The extracted image of the study area was then exported back to the ENVI 4.5 environment for Arc.GIS environment in TIFF format. This was followed by a colour separation in the imagery repeated for all the raw satellite imagery. Image interpretation was done on ENVI 4.5 software based on a set of pixels of the Region Of Interest (ROI). Results are that Kappa coefficient values were high enough for the period of study with 0.9099, 0.9557 and 0.9685 for 2005, 2010 and 2015 respectively indicating a strong agreement between the classified maps and ground referenced information. Integrating GIS and satellite remote sensing with high spectral, spatial and temporal resolution at the local scale to develop urban environmental monitoring, effective land use planning and management of the current growth pattern were among others recommended.
The Impact of the Qualitative Peculiarities of Accounting Information Based on the Financial Reports of Commercial Banks
Authors: Almaliki Oday Jasim , Al-saedi Mustafa Osamah
Published: May 2023

An accounting information system is a vital component of any organizations decision-making process, as it contains the necessary elements to perform its duties, such as people, data, and software. Its rapid development and continuous improvement are some of the factors that have contributed to its efficiency and effectiveness. The level at which the information systems of the accounting profession have been studied is a major factor that sets this study apart from others. The goal of this study is to analyze the various characteristics of an accounting information system that affect the quality of reports that banks produce. It was conducted through a qualitative assessment of the various characteristics of accounting information. These characteristics included relevance, timeliness, understandability, and faithful representation. The concept of relevance refers to the importance of having information that can provide useful information to users when making economic decisions. Informations relevance is affected by its materiality and nature. A financial report must include all of the data that is relevant to a particular entity. The concept of faithful representation is the representation of financial data in a way that accurately depicts the things that it claims to show. This ensures that the information is complete and free from error. Comparability refers to the consistency in the application of accounting standards and policies across multiple periods. This helps financial information users gain a deeper comprehension of a companys operations. Another important aspect of this concept is that it allows investors and other market participants to easily compare financial statements of various companies. Having the necessary accounting characteristics helps management and investors make informed decisions regarding a companys operations.
Gerenciamento de Impressões pelos Gestores: Uma Perspectiva Sobre A Satisfação Laboral
Authors: Valadares João Paulo de Assis , Nascimento Eduardo Mendes , Amaral Leonardo Barbosa , Da Cunha Jacqueline Veneroso Alves , Pinto Diego Henrique Salgueiro
Published: May 2023

O objetivo geral dessa pesquisa foi analisar a relação existente entre o gerenciamento de impressões dos gestores e a satisfação dos colaboradores no ambiente de trabalho. Adicionalmente, procurou-se verificar se existiam relações entre o gerenciamento de impressões e as variáveis descritivas dos gestores, como sexo, idade e estado civil. Para o levantamento de dados foram utilizados dois instrumentos (um para os gestores e outro para seus liderados). A composição da amostra do presente estudo foi feita por conveniência, por meio da técnica de bola de neve. Participaram deste estudo 32 gestores de escritórios contábeis e 67 dos seus funcionários. Os dados da amostra levantada evidenciaram que o gerenciamento de impressão dos gestores e a satisfação laboral apresentam associações fracas e não significativas naquele contexto. Porém, foi possível identificar associação significativa entre a satisfação laboral e variáveis descritivas das empresas analisadas. Os resultados indicam a necessidade dos gestores de refletir sobre a forma como estão se utilizando do Gerenciamento de Impressões (GI), pois tais resultados indicam a pouca efetividade do GI para otimizar a satisfação dos seus liderados. Nesse sentido, não se recomenda a eliminação das técnicas de GI, mas a sua utilização de modo a transmitir uma imagem sincera de simpatia, competência e moralmente confiáveis. Pois, assim, sinalizaria para a quebra de um estereótipo ao indicar que a satisfação laboral está mais relacionada à estrutura e ambiente das entidades do que à imagem pessoal que os gestores tentam construir. Essa perspectiva tende a proporcionar a melhoria do clima organizacional, pois indica que os indivíduos poderiam se dedicar mais às suas atividades laborais, possibilitando ganhos de produtividade e, ainda, que eles poderiam agir de modo mais natural, o que resultaria em menos tensão, considerando que não haveria a necessidade de automonitoramento constante pela busca da imagem ideal.
Construção do programa de compliance de uma IES pública: uma análise sob a ótica dos gestores
Authors: Accadrolli Monique Couto , Frare Anderson Betti , Horz Vagner , Cruz Ana Paula Capuano da
Published: May 2023

O estudo tem por objetivo evidenciar a percepção dos gestores de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) pública sobre a construção do programa de compliance. Metodologicamente, entrevistas foram conduzidas com cinco gestores envolvidos diretamente com o desenvolvimento de tal programa. Após as transcrições, 1.225 observações foram dispostas em 5 categorias (pilares do compliance), e analisados mediante a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, no software NVivo. Os achados apontam as seguintes: suporte da administração (35,67%), código de conduta e políticas de compliance (24,98%), avaliação de riscos (20,90%), controles internos (14,53%) e treinamentos e comunicação (3,92%). O elemento mais representativo é o suporte da alta administração, sobretudo em questões envolvendo obrigações regulatórias, processos de tomada de decisão e apoio as práticas estratégicas. Conclui-se que diferentes frentes (pilares) são adotadas de forma conjunta, para que o programa de compliance seja desenvolvido de forma adequada, perante as legislações e obrigações regulatórias.
A Informação Contábil para a decretação da Falência nos Processos de Recuperação Judicial no ordenamento brasileiro: Entre a Insolvência Jurídica e a Insolvência Econômica.
Authors: Ribas Timi Sonia Regina
Published: May 2023

A determinação da viabilidade ou inviabilidade da atividade empresária para a manutenção de um negócio ou sua célere remoção visando a realocação eficiente e ligeira dos meios de produção tomados por este ao mercado é de fundamental importância para a realização dos objetivos da lei 11.101/2005 e, por conseguinte, dos princípios constitucionais que lhe orientam. Neste cenário, a importância da introdução de um momento técnico de análise das informações contábeis para o diagnóstico da real situação econômica da empresa é fundamental. Este debate se insere no contexto das discussões sobre a insolvência econômica e a insolvência presumida para a decretação da falência no âmbito da legislação pátria e sugere que a recuperação judicial é o momento de prevalência da análise da primeira em detrimento das modalidades da segunda que estão flagrantemente presentes na lei a este momento chamamos “momento contábil”.
Correlações Entre Conjuntura Econômica, Alocação de Ativos e Desempenho Financeiro em Categorias de Planos Fechados de Previdência Complementar
Authors: Castro de Moraes Marcel
Published: May 2023

Este artigo empreende um estudo sobre fundos de pensão privados brasileiros, com foco sobre as categorias de planos ofertados por entidades fechadas de previdência complementar (EFPCs), objetivando identificar correlações entre a conjuntura econômica nacional, a alocação de ativos e o desempenho financeiro do setor. Mais especificamente, há uma maior preocupação com os efeitos da redução da taxa básica de juros da economia brasileira sobre as políticas de gestão de ativos e as performances financeiras nas diferentes modalidades de planos. Assim, salvo melhor juízo, o presente artigo apresenta aspecto inovador ao conjecturar tais relações decompondo o setor por categorias de planos, quais sejam: benefício definido (BD), contribuição definida (CD) e contribuição variável (CV). Fundamentado em estudos empíricos anteriores, trabalham-se com dados trimestrais que compreendem o período 2010.T2 – 2020.T4, aos quais são aplicados testes de média e quantificadas correlações. Entre os resultados encontrados, destacam-se: (i) em termos de alocação de ativos, há sinais de que as modalidades de planos CD e CV são mais correlacionadas com indexadores de renda fixa que os planos BD; e (ii) sinaliza-se que os planos BD são aqueles que possuem desempenho financeiro mais associada à taxa básica de juros da economia brasileira, mostrando ser esta categoria de plano mais suscetível a alterações na Taxa SELIC.
Efficacy and Safety of Oral Small Molecule Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Danuglipron for Glycemic Control Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Saxena Aditi R. , Frias Juan P. , Brown Lisa S. , Gorman Donal N. , Vasas Szilard , Tsamandouras Nikolaos , Birnbaum Morris J.
Published: May 2023

Importance

Currently available glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) are peptide agonists that require subcutaneous administration or strict fasting requirements before and after oral administration.

Objective

To investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of multiple dose levels of the novel, oral, small molecule GLP-1R agonist danuglipron over 16 weeks.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A phase 2b, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, 6-group randomized clinical trial with 16-week double-blind treatment period and 4-week follow-up was conducted from July 7, 2020, to July 7, 2021. Adults with T2D inadequately controlled by diet and exercise, with or without metformin treatment, were enrolled from 97 clinical research sites in 8 countries or regions.

Interventions

Participants received placebo or danuglipron, 2.5, 10, 40, 80, or 120 mg, all orally administered twice daily with food for 16 weeks. Weekly dose escalation steps were incorporated to achieve danuglipron doses of 40 mg or more twice daily.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Change from baseline in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, primary end point), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and body weight were assessed at week 16. Safety was monitored throughout the study period, including a 4-week follow-up period.

Results

Of 411 participants randomized and treated (mean [SD] age, 58.6 [9.3] years; 209 [51%] male), 316 (77%) completed treatment. For all danuglipron doses, HbA1c and FPG were statistically significantly reduced at week 16 vs placebo, with HbA1c reductions up to a least squares mean difference vs placebo of −1.16% (90% CI, −1.47% to −0.86%) for the 120-mg twice daily group and FPG reductions up to a least squares mean difference vs placebo of −33.24 mg/dL (90% CI, −45.63 to −20.84 mg/dL). Body weight was statistically significantly reduced at week 16 compared with placebo in the 80-mg twice daily and 120-mg twice daily groups only, with a least squares mean difference vs placebo of −2.04 kg (90% CI, −3.01 to −1.07 kg) for the 80-mg twice daily group and −4.17 kg (90% CI, −5.15 to −3.18 kg) for the 120-mg twice daily group. The most commonly reported adverse events were nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.

Conclusions and Relevance

In adults with T2D, danuglipron reduced HbA1c, FPG, and body weight at week 16 compared with placebo, with a tolerability profile consistent with the mechanism of action.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03985293
Cash Transfer Programs for Child Health—Elucidating Pathways and Optimizing Program Design
Authors: Flynn Erin F. , Kenyon Chén C. , Vasan Aditi
Published: May 2023

This Viewpoint describes how nondirected cash transfer programs influence the dynamics of child poverty, highlights pathways by which poverty reduction programs could improve child health, and provides suggested directions for future research and policy.
Fuzzy cognitive mapping as a tool to assess the relative cumulative effects of environmental stressors on an Arctic seabird population to identify conservation action and research priorities
Authors: Rooney Rebecca C. , Daniel Jody , Mallory Mark , Hedd April , Ives Jess , Gilchrist Grant , Gjerdrum Carina , Robertson Greg , Ronconi Rob , Wilcox Kirsten , Wong Sarah , Provencher Jennifer
Published: May 2023

In the Arctic, chemical contaminants, shipping, oil pollution, plastic pollution, changing habitats in relation to climate change and fisheries have been identified as environmental stressors to seabirds such as Fulmarus glacialis (northern fulmar; qaqulluk; ᖃᖁᓪᓗᖅ), but rarely have these stressors been considered within a cumulative effects framework in this species which is currently showing a declining populations trend.

As a novel tool to understand cumulative effects within a conservation context, we applied a fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) approach that allows experts to arrange key factors and their interrelationships, organizing their understanding of the components of a complex issue into a graphical representation; a ‘cognitive map’.

This process was grounded in local environment concerns as documented in several Nunavut‐specific reports and discussions, and worked with western‐trained seabird experts with knowledge of northern fulmar populations to assess the inter‐related environmental threats to fulmars as a way to combine these stressors in a cumulative effects framework and identify conservation actions and knowledge gaps.

We found strong agreement that the main stressors affecting northern fulmar populations in Canada include pollution (11% total influence (TI)), shipping activities (16% TI), hunting and fishing (18% TI) and mining/oil and gas exploitation activities (22% TI).

The indirect influence of threats on northern fulmar population size (57% TI) exceeded the total direct influence (43% TI), emphasizing the value of cognitive mapping in cumulative effects assessment for a more holistic understanding of interacting stressors.

Participants expressed substantial uncertainty regarding the strong relationships leading from the concepts, commercial fishing activity in the BBDS and the North Atlantic fisheries activity, indicating that these potential stressors require more research.

Similarly, uncertainty was expressed about the potential effects of zodiac traffic, ship strikes of northern fulmar, number of oil spills and magnitude of oil spills on northern fulmar.

By characterizing individual factors as manageable or not, we determined that stressors are largely manageable with enforcement of existing policies (58% TI)—importantly, fishing activities were both highly influential on fulmars and deemed manageable, which will inform ongoing co‐management planning in the region.
Utilizing Parasitic Capacitance of Single‐Droplet Electricity Generator For Specific Bacterial Detection
Authors: Wang Congyu , Wang Peng , Li Jiawei , Sun Yihan , Lu Wei , Zhang Dun , Wan Yi , Ai Shiyun
Published: May 2023

Single‐droplet electricity generator (SDEG) has superior potential over other solid–liquid triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for energy harvesting. However, its shunting effect of parasitic capacitance is adverse and unavoidable, resulting in the reduction of the SDEG voltage. In addition, TENG‐based bacterial biosensors are still facing issues of incompetence in resolution, precision, and specificity. Therefore, a novel SDEG‐based bacterial biosensor is developed by making use of parasitic capacitance. By taking the advantages of aptamer and parasitic capacitance, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) can be specifically and precisely detected via signal change from a single droplet without energy accumulation. This study proves that the SDEG‐based bacterial biosensor exhibits an excellent performance for P. aeruginosa detection in low limit of detection (4.5×103 CFU mL−1) with high selectivity. Meanwhile, the established mathematical model yields consistent results to the experimental ones, which serves as a solid basis for quantifying bacterial concentration. This work contributes to TENG‐based bacterial biosensor, and opens up a new way for the diversified application of SDEG.
Tunable Organic Active Neural Probe Enabling Near‐Sensor Signal Processing
Authors: Lee Yongwoo , Carnicer‐Lombarte Alejandro , Han Sanggil , Woodington Ben J. , Chai Seungjin , Polyravas Anastasios G. , Velasco‐Bosom Santiago , Kim Eun‐Hee , Malliaras George G. , Jung Sungjune
Published: May 2023

Neural recording systems have significantly progressed to provide an advanced understanding and treatment for neurological diseases. Flexible transistor‐based active neural probes exhibit great potential in electrophysiology applications due to their intrinsic amplification capability and tissue‐compliant nature. However, most current active neural probes exhibit bulky back‐end connectivity since the output is current, and the development of an integrated circuit for voltage output is crucial for near‐sensor signal processing at the abiotic/biotic interface. Here, inkjet‐printed organic voltage amplifiers are presented by monolithically integrating organic electrochemical transistors and thin‐film polymer resistors on a single, highly flexible substrate for in vivo brain activity recording. Additive inkjet printing enables the seamless integration of multiple active and passive components on the somatosensory cortex, leading to significant noise reduction over the externally connected typical configuration. It also facilitates fine‐tuning of the voltage amplification and frequency properties. The organic voltage amplifiers are validated as electrocorticography devices in a rat in vivo model, showing their ability to record local field potentials in an experimental model of spontaneous and epileptiform activity. These results bring organic active neural probes to the forefront in applications where efficient sensory data processing is performed at sensor endpoints.
Enabling Highly Efficient and Thermal‐Stable Polymer Solar Cells through Semi‐Alloy Acceptors Composed of a Hinge‐Like Dimer: A Versatile Doping Protocol
Authors: Wan Ji , Wang Tao , Sun Rui , Wu Xiaohei , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Meimei , Min Jie
Published: May 2023

The simultaneous improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and thermal stability is a critical scientific challenge in advancing the commercial applications of polymer solar cells. To address this challenge, a dumbbell‐shaped dimeric acceptor, DT19, is successfully designed and synthesized. It is incorporated as a third component into the PM1:BTP‐eC9 system. This ternary strategy demonstrates a synergistic enhancement of the PCE and thermal stability of the host binary system. In particular, the PM1:BTP‐eC9:DT19 system maintains a PCE of over 90% even after heating at 120 °C for 200 h. Additionally, the dimer‐doping ternary strategy exhibits excellent generality for the other four Y‐series systems and outperforms ternary systems containing alloy‐like acceptors in terms of thermal stability. It is because DT19, with its hinge‐like structure, can form a semi‐alloy acceptor with the host acceptor, leading to strong interchain entanglement with the polymer donor, thus overcoming phase separation and excessive aggregation under thermal stress. This new type of dimeric material, which can synergistically enhance the device efficiency and thermal stability of active layers, presents promising application prospects.
InP Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Applications
Authors: Liu Huan , Chen Peixian , Cui Yanyan , Gao Yang , Cheng Jiaji , He Tingchao , Chen Rui
Published: May 2023

As the most promising candidate for luminescent semiconductor materials in the future environmentally friendly society, InP nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted strong attention in the past decade. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to address the unstable and poor optical properties of InP NCs for practical applications. An extensive and in‐depth summary of existing literatures can not only provide an important reference for further optimizing of the optical properties of InP NCs, but also lay a foundation for subsequent related applications. In this review, the methods for the synthesis with different P sources and different ZnE (E = Se, S) shells are briefly summarized. The research progress in the optical properties investigation of InP/ZnE and InP/ZnE/ZnE NCs, including absorption, fluorescence, carrier dynamics, and nonlinear optics, are summarized. The relevant applications based on InP/ZnE and InP/ZnE/ZnE NCs are also presented, ranging from light emitting diodes, bioimaging, and solar cells to photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Electrochemically Promoted Oxydifluoroethylation of Alkenes for the Synthesis of Difluoroethylated Benzoxazines and Lactones
Authors: Tian Yunfei , Zheng Luping , Yang Yuting , Liu Jiayi , Jing Zihan , Li Zejiang , Fu Weijun
Published: May 2023

An electrochemical oxydifluoroethylation of alkenes involving the anodic oxidative generation of MeCF2 radical has been achieved, which enabled to construct diversified difluoroethylated benzoxazines and lactones in 35–87% yields. Moreover, the developed protocol was also extended to the synthesis of cyclopropyldifluoromethylated benzoxazines. Detailed mechanistic studies indicated the reaction underwent a radical process concerned with tandem C−CF2R and C−O bond formation.
Strategies and Methods for the Synthesis of 2‐Pyrazolines: Recent Developments (2012–2022)
Authors: Matiadis Dimitris
Published: May 2023

2‐Pyrazolines are important five‐membered heterocycles, containing two adjacent nitrogen atoms. They can incorporate various functional groups and possess unique biological properties. Moreover, they have been used as useful building blocks. In recent years, the field of 2‐pyrazoline synthesis has experienced enormous progress. Novel strategies have been developed, and many studies reporting improvements or adaptations of existing protocols have been published, giving access to new functionalizations, unexplored structures, and/or enantioselective synthesis. This review summarizes the progress made in synthetic methodologies during the period from 2012 to 2022. The functionalization challenges and capabilities, scopes and limitations of the reactions, substitution patterns, and mechanisms of the reactions, where appropriate, will be discussed.
Carbon Nanocluster‐Mediated Nanoblending Assembly for Binder‐Free Energy Storage Electrodes with High Capacities and Enhanced Charge Transfer Kinetics
Authors: Song Yongkwon , Bae Woojin , Ahn Jeongyeon , Son Youhyun , Kwon Minseong , Kwon Cheong Hoon , Kim Younghoon , Ko Yongmin , Cho Jinhan
Published: May 2023

The effective spatial distribution and arrangement of electrochemically active and conductive components within metal oxide nanoparticle (MO NP)‐based electrodes significantly impact their energy storage performance. Unfortunately, conventional electrode preparation processes have much difficulty addressing this issue. Herein, this work demonstrates that a unique nanoblending assembly based on favorable and direct interfacial interactions between high‐energy MO NPs and interface‐modified carbon nanoclusters (CNs) notably enhances the capacities and charge transfer kinetics of binder‐free electrodes in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). For this study, carboxylic acid (COOH)‐functionalized carbon nanoclusters (CCNs) are consecutively assembled with bulky ligand‐stabilized MO NPs through ligand‐exchange‐induced multidentate binding between the COOH groups of CCNs and the surface of NPs. This nanoblending assembly homogeneously distributes conductive CCNs within densely packed MO NP arrays without insulating organics (i.e., polymeric binders and/or ligands) and prevents the aggregation/segregation of electrode components, thus markedly reducing contact resistance between neighboring NPs. Furthermore, when these CCN‐mediated MO NP electrodes are formed on highly porous fibril‐type current collectors (FCCs) for LIB electrodes, they deliver outstanding areal performance, which can be further improved through simple multistacking. The findings provide a basis for better understanding the relationship between interfacial interaction/structures and charge transfer processes and for developing high‐performance energy storage electrodes.
Advanced Oxidation Nanoprocessing Boosts Immunogenicity of Whole Tumor Cells
Authors: Zhang Min , Huang Yiming , Zou Jie , Yang Yang , Yao Yue , Cheng Guofeng , Yang Yannan
Published: May 2023

Whole tumor cells expressing a wide array of tumor antigens are considered as a highly promising source of antigens for cancer vaccines. However, simultaneously preserving the antigen diversity, improving immunogenicity, and eliminating the potential tumorigenic risk of whole tumor cells are highly challenging. Inspired by the recent progress in sulfate radical‐based environmental technology, herein, an advanced oxidation nanoprocessing (AONP) strategy is developed for boosting the immunogenicity of whole tumor cells. The AONP is based on the activation of peroxymonosulfate by ZIF‐67 nanocatalysts to produce SO4−∙ radicals continuously, leading to sustained oxidative damage to tumor cells and consequently extensive cell death. Importantly, AONP causes immunogenic apoptosis as evidenced by the release of a series of characteristic damage associated molecular patterns and at the same time maintains the integrity of cancer cells, which is critical to preserve the cellular components and thus maximize the diversity of antigens. Finally, the immunogenicity of AONP‐treated whole tumor cells is evaluated in a prophylactic vaccination model, demonstrating significantly delayed tumor growth and increased survival rate of live tumor‐cell‐challenged mice. It is expected that the developed AONP strategy would pave the way to develop effective personalized whole tumor cell vaccines in future.
Nitrogen mineralization following fall‐applied compost to subsurface drip‐irrigated processing tomatoes in California
Authors: Fulford Anthony M. , Wang Zheng , Zavalloni Costanza
Published: May 2023

Organic wastes diverted from landfills can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and are used as supplemental nutrient sources for agricultural crops after they are composted. In California, compost should be applied in the fall to processing tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to avoid delaying field preparation and transplanting in the spring. The objective of this study was to determine soil nitrogen (N) mineralization following fall application of greenwaste compost (GWC) based on the change of mineral N during a 4 month in‐field buried bag soil incubation in 2 prospective subsurface drip‐irrigated processing tomato fields (PTF1 and PTF2). GWC rates of 0, 11, 22, and 34 Mg ha−1 were evaluated in PTF1 and PTF2 in October 2019. Very dry surface soil conditions in fall 2019 and the disruptive procedure used to prepare soil for in‐field incubation using the buried bag method led us to calculate net N mineralization after adjusting for the initial mineral N concentration of the unamended (0 Mg ha−1) control. The adjusted net N mineralization was significantly less in PTF1 (8.6 mg N kg−1) than PTF2 (16.4 mg N kg−1) and the estimated net N mineralization rate of the surface 0–15 cm soil depth following GWC application to PTF1 was less than PTF2 (1.6–1.9 vs. 2.3–3.1 kg N ha−1 week−1). In‐field incubation requires soil disturbance that likely affected N mineralization and additional research should consider the feasibility of using pretreatments or pre‐incubations to account for disruption to antecedent soil conditions.
Retrospective identification of patients with SRRM2‐related neurodevelopmental disorder in a single tertiary children's hospital
Authors: Regan‐Fendt Kelly E. , Rippert Alyssa L. , Medne Livija , Skraban Cara M. , DeJesse Jeshua , Gray Christopher , Reichert Sara L. , Staropoli Nicholas P. , Santos Francis Jeshira Reynoso , Krantz Ian D. , Murrell Jill R. , Izumi Kosuke
Published: May 2023

SRRM2‐related neurodevelopmental disorder is a recently described genetic diagnosis caused by loss‐of‐function variants in SRRM2. In order to understand the clinical spectrum of SRRM2‐related neurodevelopmental disorder, we performed a retrospective exome data and clinical chart review at a single tertiary children's hospital, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). Among approximately 3100 clinical exome sequencing cases performed at CHOP, we identified three patients with SRRM2 loss‐of‐function pathogenic variants, in addition to one patient previously described in the literature. Common clinical features include developmental delay, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, macrocephaly, hypotonia, gastroesophageal reflux, overweight/obesity, and autism. While developmental disabilities are commonly seen in all individuals with SRRM2 variants, the degree of developmental delay and intellectual disability is variable. Our data suggest that SRRM2‐related neurodevelopmental disorder can be identified in 0.3% of individuals with developmental disabilities receiving exome sequencing.