bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Value Chain Data for Mexico in the Automotive and Electronics Sectors
Authors: Stankovic Mirjana , Filippo Agustín Ignacio
Published: October 2021

This report uses the Global Value Chain (GVC) data framework to provide scoping review and analysis of Mexico's current position and potential for using and harvesting GVC data in the automotive and electronics sectors. By conducting the study on GVCs data, we hope to broaden the understanding of the importance of data transfers for GVCs, production, and trade, underlining that data are critical to all companies and not only to the so-called "high-tech companies." Data protection, sharing, and security are also central to manufacturers in the automotive and electronics sectors. This report will review how datafication, data protection, sharing, and security impact Mexico's automotive and electronics industry. This information is analyzed from a global perspective and the viewpoint of Mexico to provide a holistic picture of the situation when identifying trajectories for entry, growth, and upgrading along GVCs that rely on datafication and digital transformation. It will also offer recommendations for regulators and policymakers on how to facilitate successful GVCs' data functioning and guidance for businesses on how to harvest data for growth and digital transformation.
Nature-based Solutions in Latin America and the Caribbean: Support from the Inter-American Development Bank
Authors: Oliver Emmie , Ozment Suzanne , Grunwaldt Alfred , Silva Paredes Mariana , Watson Gregory
Published: October 2021

Governments across Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) face challenges in extending and maintaining infrastructure to serve their populations, especially as climate change and ecosystem degradation endanger communities and infrastructure assets across the region. To help address these challenges, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) aims to increase its support of Nature-based Solutions (NBS) in accordance with the banks 2020 Environmental and Social Sustainability Mainstreaming Action Plan. This Issue Brief serves two main functions. First, it describes IDB's growing focus on NBS and provides a tour of IDBs main offerings regarding NBS project support and investment. Second, it serves as a baseline of IDBs activities related to NBS from which the bank and partners can build upon moving forward. Going forward, IDB will ramp up support for clients to incorporate NBS considerations and opportunity analysis in country agreements and throughout all stages of project preparation, from investment identification to execution.
Nederlandse fantastische literatuur in het Pools vertaald
Authors: Olszewski Damian
Published: October 2021

Dutch fantastic literature is showing clear development in the formalisation and strengthening of its position in Dutch literature and culture. This can also be seen in the growing interest being paid to Dutch writers in foreign literature markets. This article shows the history and trends in the translation of Dutch fantastic literature into Polish. I discuss the different literary organisations, the subgenres, and the forms of the publication of Dutch fantastic literature in Polish in order to illustrate the tendencies of the Polish literary sphere.
Synthesis of polysubstituted spiropyrrolidines using 2-acetylfuran, 2-acetylthiophene, and 2-acetylpyrrole
Authors:   Saratov State University, Borisova Svetlana V. , Sorokin Vitaly V. ,   Saratov State University
Published: October 2021

A series of novel spirooxindoles have been synthesized through three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ by the decarboxylative condensation of isatin and sarcosine with the dipolarophile 3-phenyl-1-(heteroaryl -2-yl)prop-2-en-1- one, synthesized by the Knoevenagel reaction using 2-acetylfuran, 2-acetylpyrrole, 2-acetylthiophene and substituted benzaldehydes. These compounds are used for the first time as dipolarophiles. This method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, high atom economy, excellent yields, and high regio- and stereo-selectivity. The reaction was carried out by mixing equimolar amounts of enone and isatin, as well as a slight excess of sarcosine in isopropyl alcohol when heated to 60–70°C. Among the enones with various heterocyclic substituents, it is most convenient to use compounds containing a pyrrole fragment as dipolarophiles, since the products are obtained in a short amount of time in good yields. The use of enones obtained from 2-acetylthiophene leads to an increase in the reaction time, and from 2-acetylfuran - to a significant resinification of the reaction mixture. The structures of the compounds obtained were proved using a combination of 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy data, as well as two-dimensional NMR experiments of heteronuclear correlation, HSQC and HMBC. Based on the data obtained, a mechanism for the formation of products has been proposed.
The use of games as a method in teaching the basics of chemical toxicology as part of the ecological education of schoolchildren
Authors:   Saratov State University, Rastegaeva Victoriya S. , Pleshakova Ekaterina V. ,   Saratov State University
Published: October 2021

In today’s modern technogenic world, forming an ecological consciousness, perception and thinking among schoolchildren is a vital task. Knowledge of chemical toxicology is essential for students of all ages to help protect and maintain a healthy environment. Given that toxicology is characterized by an increased level of complexity, the purpose of this work was to develop and apply gaming methods in teaching the basics of chemical toxicology as part of environmental education of schoolchildren. We developed and implemented a training lesson for schoolchildren called “Fascinating phytotoxicology” for secondary school students, which consists of several stages. At the first stage, when using explanatory and illustrative methods in teaching, students received theoretical knowledge of phytotoxicology; at the second stage, students enhanced their knowledge in a playful way by solving situational problems composed by us, guessing riddles and answering intriguing questions; at the third stage, a survey was conducted among schoolchildren to identify the students’ level of interest in the topic and how much of the material was assimilated. The survey showed that the implementation of this gaming teaching method allowed students to learn complex material better, increased the activity and interest of students, and also contributed to the formation of an ecological awareness and environmental responsibility.
Ecological safety and prospects of development of low-waste technologies in the biotechnology industry
Authors:   Institute “Microbe” of Rospotrebnadzor, Vol’nikov Vladislav R. , Ul’yanov Alexander Yu. ,   Institute “Microbe” of Rospotrebnadzor, Salikhov Ruslan R. ,   Institute “Microbe” of Rospotrebnadzor, Durakova Oksana S. ,   Institute “Microbe” of Rospotrebnadzor, Avdeeva Natalia G. ,   Institute “Microbe” of Rospotrebnadzor, Samokhvalova Yulia I. ,   Institute “Microbe” of Rospotrebnadzor, Volokh Oksana A. ,   Institute “Microbe” of Rospotrebnadzor
Published: October 2021

Environmental pollution with industrial waste is an urgent problem today. A special place in the list of pollutants belongs to waste from biotechnological enterprises and industries, whose activities are related to the production of various drugs. Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute «Microbe» is the only manufacturer of unique immunobiological drugs in the Russian Federation – bivalent chemical cholera vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin from horse blood serum (AIG). At present, the institute actively uses fibrin as a basis for nutrient media – a waste in the production of AIG; a technology for the regeneration of alcohol waste has been developed; biologically active substances were obtained from the production waste of specific components of the cholera vaccine. The aim of the work was to assess the prospects of using waste products from the production of specific components of cholera vaccine (cholerogen-toxoid – X-AT, and O-antigen – O-AG) – formalized detoxified microbial-free filtrate (FMF), as a nutrient medium for the cultivation of industrial strains of microorganisms. It has been shown that the best methods for reducing formalin concentration are autoclaving and chemical neutralization with aqueous ammonia. During low-volume cultivation of Vibrio cholerae 569B and V. cholerae M-41 strains on all variants of experimental media based on PBP, an increase in biomass was noted. The production of Vibrio cholerae antigens at a level comparable to that of growing on a control nutrient medium was recorded in a medium variant based on O-AG production waste. The use of FMF as a nutrient medium in the future will reduce the volume of waste generated and reduce the load on the treatment facilities of the Institute, which will increase the environmental safety of production.
Spatial-ontogenetic structure of Globularia bisnagarica L. (Plantaginaceae) cenopopulations
Authors:   Saratov State University, Kondratieva Anna O. , Parkhomenko Alena S. ,   Saratov State University, Kashin Alexandr S. ,   Saratov State University
Published: October 2021

The results of studying the spatial-ontogenetic structure of five cenopopulations of Globularia bisnagarica L. on the territory of the Orenburg region and the Republic of Tatarstan are presented. Analysis of the age structure using the OntoParam program algorithm revealed the heterogeneity of ontogenetic spectra in most cenopopulations. Assessment of the parameters of average age, recovery index and ageing index showed that most cenopopulations are capable of self-restoration and maintenance of numerosity. Analysis of spatial structure taking into account the ontogenetic state of individuals showed that the spatial relationships between pregenerative and generative individuals is random in most cases, which indicates the absence of any pronounced interactions between plants from these age groups. In the cenopopulation from Severny district of the Orenburg region, there is a slight sparseness in the mutual arrangement of pregenerative and generative individuals, which may be due to the influence of intraspecific competition.
Quantitative methods
Authors: Białowąs Sylwester , Knežević Blaženka , Olejnik Iwona , Stefańska Magdalena
Published: October 2021

The main goal of the chapter is to present the basics of survey research that can be used in analyzes of sustainable development. The first part presents the measurement levels. The basic characteristic of every variable is its level of measurement. It implies the following analysis and available techniques. This part introduces four levels of measurements: nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio, showing their characteristics and examples. Then the focus is on the implications of a given level of measurement on the possibilities of the statistical analysis. The aim of the second chapter is to explain the foundations of preparing a questionnaire for the research on the issues related to sustainable development. An example of an organic food questionnaire is also provided. The third part presents considerations necessary for the sampling process. The main goal is to present the basic methods of calculating the minimum sample size, as well as the methods of its selection. This section presents the arguments for conducting the study on a sample rather than on the entire population, and also several formulas enabling the calculation of the minimum sample size. A discussion of the most important methods of selecting respondents to the sample—both random and non-random, can also be found here. The last two parts of this chapter, describe the ways of presenting the results of quantitative research. They describe first view of the variables including frequency distribution with charts, central tendency measures and cross-tabulation. Finally, the methods of presenting research results obtained on the basis of the Likert scale and other examples of data visualization schemes are presented.
Factor analysis in sustainable development research
Authors: Olejnik Iwona , Knežević Blaženka , Stefańska Magdalena
Published: October 2021

Too much data describing a given phenomenon requires synthesizing them. For this purpose, researchers can use various methods of analysis. Factor analysis is one of them. In this section, first the basic theoretical aspects of factor analysis, as well as the stages of its use are described while presenting the essential minimum necessary to understand the essence of the method. The second part presents an example of the use of this method in research on sustainable consumption. The last part of this chapter presents case study of the use of factor analysis in research on managers’ ethics in retail industry.
Data envelopment analysis methods in sustainable agricultural development research
Authors: Smędzik-Ambroży Katarzyna , Sapa Agnieszka
Published: October 2021

Sustainable development of business entities can be analysed in terms of three dimensions, i.e., economic, social and environmental ones. The economic dimension of sustainable development can be assessed, inter alia, by entities’ technical efficiency defined as the relation of outputs to inputs. One of the methods that is used to assess the technical efficiency of business entities compared to other entities is the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The aim of the chapter is to determine the relative technical efficiency of representative agricultural farms from the individual European Union countries in 2018. Moreover, the scale efficiency indexes and the area of scale effects (increasing or decreasing) of the analysed farms were also determined. In the study the data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) for 2018 were applied. In order to achieve the assumed research goals, the input-oriented DEA model was used, and the technical efficiency indexes of farms were estimated with the assumption of constant return to scale (CRS) and variable return to scale (VRS). This allowed, among others, for indicating the countries with farms achieving the highest technical efficiency (Belgium, Spain, Italy, Malta and Netherlands assuming CRS, and Belgium, Spain, Italy, Malta and Netherlands, Greece, Ireland, Romania and Slovenia assuming VRS), the lowest technical efficiency (the Czech Republic and Slovakia) within surveyed group of farms. All relatively inefficient farms (except Slovakia) functioned in the area of increasing economies of scale.
Síndrome en espejo con miocardiopatía no compactada en la madre y el feto. Reporte de caso
Authors: Velásquez-Penagos Jesús Arnulfo , Flórez-Ríos Ana María , Muñoz-Ortiz Edison , Gándara-Ricardo Jairo Alfonso , Flórez-Muñoz Juan Pablo , Holguín-González Erika
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: reportar el caso de una gestante con síndrome en espejo asociada a miocardiopatía no compactada, tanto en la madre como el feto, en los que el tratamiento médico antenatal en la madre llevó a un resultado materno perinatal favorable.
Presentación del caso: se describe el caso de una primigestante de 16 años, con 33 semanas de embarazo, remitida desde una institución de primer nivel de atención a una institución privada de cuarto nivel en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, por presentar feto con hidropesía en ultrasonido obstétrico de control. Durante la hospitalización, la paciente presentó signos clínicos y ecocardiográficos de falla cardiaca (disnea, edema e hipoxemia), a la vez que se confirmó el diagnóstico de Hydrops fetalis (síndrome en espejo). Se instauró tratamiento diurético con furosemida en la madre, logrando mejoría del cuadro materno y del edema fetal. En el puerperio mediato hospitalario se confirmaron la presencia de miocardiopatía no compactada en la resonancia magnética nuclear cardiaca, tanto de la madre como del recién nacido. Ambos egresaron en adecuadas condiciones y fueron vinculados al programa de seguimiento cardiovascular: falla cardiaca y de cardiopatía congénitas, respectivamente.
Conclusión: se presenta un caso de síndrome en espejo asociado a miocardiopatía no compactada materna y fetal. Es limitado el número de reportes de síndrome en espejo por anomalías cardiacas (maternas y fetales) y pobre la descripción de los tratamientos realizados que surgen como temas a investigar. Sería importante considerar el diagnóstico de MNC en fetos con hidropesía no asociados a isoinmunización y con disfunción cardiaca, así como su atención por equipos multidisciplinarios.
Activation of the Lactoperoxidase System as a Method of Preserving Raw Milk in Areas Without Cooling Facilities
Authors:   University of Kiel, Asaah Ndambi , F Florence ,   University of Dschang, K Pamela ,   Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Cameroon, M Stephen , Imele Helena
Published: October 2021

Milk spoilage is a major problem to the dairy sector of tropical countries. High temperatures hasten spoilage, which is worsened by the absence of cooling facilities and adequate transportation means. Some chemicals have been tried as milk preservatives in rural areas, but are now forbidden due to toxicological reasons. The use of the lactoperoxidase system (LPS) might offer a solution to milk preservation in such areas. The lactoperoxidase system is a natural antibiotic system in milk, which could be activated to boost its effectiveness. This study focused on the effects of the lactoperoxidase system on raw bovine milk produced in the Western Highlands of Cameroon during the rainy season. Milk was collected from 17 - 31 farmers in Santa village, bulked and activated with thiocyanate and peroxide. The LPS was activated by addition of 10 ppm thiocyanate and 8.5 ppm peroxide to milk, followed by thorough mixing. Part of the milk was left untreated (control). Treated and control samples were kept under three storage conditions: ambient temperature (22 – 25 o C), water bath (20 o C) and refrigeration (6 – 8 o C). Samples were monitored for spoilage at hourly intervals, except for those in the refrigerator, which were monitored after every 6 hours. Microbial population was also estimated at intervals, using the standard plate count method. The average increase in shelf life of treated milk with respect to the control milk was +7.1 (SD 2.4) hours under ambient temperatures, +8.1 (SD 3.0) hours in a water bath and +46.2 (SD 21.2) hours in the refrigerator. The LPS limited th e activity of lactic acid bacteria, which cause spoilage in milk. Treatment reduced the lactic acid content in milk by 29% under ambient temperature and 15% in water bath after 16 hours. The LPS reduced the microbial load in milk stored under ambient temperature by more than one log cycle, after 8 hours of storage. Treated evening milk could remain in good condition for the next day's use without refrigeration. Therefore LPS treatment can improve on income generation from dairying as it enab les farmers sell milk in far-off markets.
Response of Slenderleaf (Crotalaria Brevidens Benth) to Inorganic Nitrogen Application
Authors:   Maseno University, Abukutsa-Onyango Mary
Published: October 2021

Slenderleaf is one of African Leafy Vegetables that has been grown and consumed in Kenya for a long time, its young leaves and shoots are used as a cooked vegetable. Slenderleaf acts as an agent to promote suicidal germination of Striga, a parasitic plant that is a major problem weed for maize and millet growers. One of the major constraints in its production has been poor quality seed and lack of technical packages for optimal production. Although slenderleaf has high germination percentage that occurs within 5 days, there is hardly any information on nitrogen nutrition and the longevity of slenderleaf seed and factors affecting them. The objectives of this study therefore were: to investigate the effect of nitrogen rates on growth, leaf and seed yield of Crotalaria brevidens and to study the effect of storage period on germinability of Crotalaria brevidens. Seeds of slenderleaf were obtained from Maseno University, Botanic garden and subjected to germination tests and then planted in the field in a well prepared seed bed at Maseno University experimental plots at a spacing of 30x30cm. The design of the experiment was RCBD with 6 treatments and three replications and each plot measured 1.5 x 2m. The treatments included six nitrogen rates (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 100 kg N per hectare). Measurements on plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and number of flowering plants were taken regularly. Seeds were harvested, processed and seed yield determined and the seeds from the various treatments were kept in airtight containers and stored at room temperature in September 2003. Germination tests were carried out by placing 50 seeds from each treatment randomly selected into a Petri-dish lined with a wet filter paper every 6 months commencing September 2003 for a period of two years and germination percentage determined. Results indicated that nitrogen rates did not have a significant (p>0.05) effect on growth, leaf and seed yields. Seed yields varied from 0.42 to 0.59 kg/m2. Nitrogen rates had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the germination percentage in the period of storage. In September 2003, the mean germination percentage was 96.8% while in September 2005 it was 95%. The findings of this study indicate that Nitrogen application may not always be necessary for growing slenderleaf and seed can be stored for 2 years without loss of germinability and viability
The tests of micro-CHP prototype with SI engine powered by LPG and natural gas
Authors: Przybyła Grzegorz , Ziółkowski Łukasz , Buczak Mateusz , Żmudka Zbigniew
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the experimental results of a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) prototype based on a SI V-twin internal combustion engine driving a synchronous generator. The paper presents the criteria that were used to select the combustion engine and the electrical generator for the prototype. The internal combustion engine has been adapted to be fuelled by natural gas or LPG, with the possibility of controlling the load in two ways, i.e. by changing the throttle position (quantitatively) and/or the value of the excess air ratio by changing the fuel dose at a constant throttle position (qualitatively). The applied method of control allows to improve the efficiency of the engine especially in the range of partial loads. The experimental tests were carried out at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. During the tests, the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine, the composition of the exhaust gas at the outlet of the exhaust system, the electrical parameters of the synchronous generator and the temperature at selected locations of the CHP system instance were measured. According to the obtained results, there was a slight increase in the efficiency of electricity generation with the application of the developed method of control of the combustion engine. The maximum power generation efficiency for Natural Gas (NG) was higher compared to LPG by more than 2 percentage points.
Zaman, Mekân, Beden ve Öznelerarası Düzlemde Sanatçının Bir Genç Adam Olarak Korkusu
Authors: YILMAZ Hakan
Published: October 2021

Duygular üzerine yapılan birçok çalışmada, araştırmacılar bazı temel duyguların var olduğu savını ortaya atmıştır. Bu temel duyguların sayısı en az dört olarak belirlenmiştir ve bunlar mutluluk, kızgınlık, üzüntü ve korkudur. Diğer tüm duygular, bu dört ana duygu üzerine kuruludur. Bu çalışmada, fenomenolojik çerçeve kullanılarak, öncelikle öznenin varoluşunun bir parçası olan zaman, mekân, beden ve öznelerarası boyutlar tartışılacak, ardından korku duygusunun bu dört düzlemde nasıl deneyimlendiği ve hissedildiği incelenecektir. Ayrıca, bu düzlemlerin, korku duygusunun oluşumunda ne tür bir role sahip olduğu ve korkunun hissedilmesi esnasında bu düzlemlerin korku duygusuna kapılan birey tarafından deneyimlenmesinde hangi değişimlere uğradığı, James Joyce’un Sanatçının Bir Genç Adam Olarak Portresi adlı romanında Stephen’ın yaşadığı iki olay üzerinden tartışılacaktır.
Cautionary Tale of the Picture of Dorian Gray: Parable and Autobiography
Authors: PUŞKİN Mikail
Published: October 2021

Current research paper performs focused textual analysis of themes and characters of the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde intertwining the study with pertinent references to details of the author’s biography thus providing essential critical insights. Peculiarity of the paper lays with it considering the novel to encompass two distinct juxtaposed genres: an autobiography (decadent values) and a parable (moral values). By synthetically combining them, the author at the same time conveys superiority of idealized artistic aesthetic worldview of reality (at times superseding conventional morality) while reinforcing fundamental if naïve good nature of humanity with both of them engaged in (endless) struggle for the reader’s soul against the suffocating reality of hypocritical society.
Hysteria, Madness and Disciplinary Power: The Next Room and Mrs. Packard
Authors: GUL Sinan
Published: October 2021

Mrs. Packard (2008) by Emily Mann and The Next Room or The Vibrator Play (2009) by Sarah Ruhl explore and deplore the conventions of the 19th century life-style while revealing the difficulties women experienced through the means of medical advances. Protesting the appropriation of scientific methods to oppress women’s body and mind, both plays display examples of alternative methods to resist oppression despite being written in different tones, styles, and for different purposes. Using Foucault’s formation of power and resistance theory to trace the theme of protest in both plays, this paper analyzes their relevance to contemporary audiences by emphasizing their break from the Enlightenment values and modern institutions.
Satranç: Doğu Medeniyetinin Batı'ya Bir Hediyesi
Authors: ERCAN Ayşe Beyza
Published: October 2021

İnsanlığın kültürel ve sosyal tarihinde küçük bir bölüm olan satrancın köken tartışmaları güncelliğini korumaya devam etmektedir. Satranç kimine göre bir entelektüel spor dalı, kimine göre evde oynanan basit bir oyun, kimine göre bir strateji oyunu, kimine göre ise zekâ geliştirici bir egzersiz türüdür. Chaturanga olarak adlandırılan ve tüm dünyaya yayılan satranç 6. yüzyılda Hindistan’da ortaya çıkan ve kendisinden en çok bahsettiren oyunlardan sadece bir tanesidir. Orta Çağ döneminde halk kadar hükümdarların da sıklıkla bu oyunu oynadığı kaynaklarda sabittir. Bu nedenle bu oyun nitelik olarak bir strateji oyunu olduğundan Orta Çağ döneminde ve daha sonrasında da hükümdarların savaşa hazırlık için yapmış oldukları bir taktik geliştirme egzersizi olarak görülmüştür. Bu makalede geniş bir coğrafya ele alınarak köklü geçmişe sahip olan satrancın Orta Çağ Türk-İslâm dünyasındaki önemi ve yayılma güzergâhı ile yeni tanıştığı Avrupa dünyasındaki rolüne değinilecektir.
The “Missing Testimony” of the Precarious Migrant in Hassan Blasim’s Short Stories
Authors: GHANEM Hıba
Published: October 2021

This article argues that Hassan Blasim’s short story selection, The Corpse Exhibition and Other Stories of Iraq, distinctively portrays the migrant resistance to the state of precarity inherent in the experience of migration and statelessness. Adopting Agamben’s concept of “testimony”, this article offers a comparative analysis of how migrants use language to narratively construct their testimonies within the context of the global North and global South, respectively. Narrative qua testimony-giving will be shown to highlight a linguistic form of resistance that redefines the meaning of precarity and safety upon which migration law is founded. It is within this linguistic form of resistance that the promise of salvation from precarity lies, a salvation, however, that can only be achieved through an Agambenian ‘play with the law’, potentially creating alternative meanings of safety and precarity fundamental to all law.
General and speech development of preschool children as a basis for teaching initial reading
Authors: Semenova Evgeniya A.
Published: October 2021

According to the Federal State Educational Standard, the content of the educational program of preschool education should ensure the general and speech development of preschoolers. In connection with the requirement of the named document and the data of pedagogical science, the need for the development of coherent speech, vocabulary, the grammatical side of speech, the education of the sound culture of oral speech and other aspects of the general and speech development of children in the period of preparation for school is substantiated. Referring to the works of classical and modern methodic science, the researcher correlates the process of speech development of preschool children with the development of the motivational, cognitive, emotional-volitional sphere of the personality. The named areas of speech and general develop-ment of preschool children contribute to their preparation for learning to read in elementary school. The urgent problem of ensuring the continuity of preschool and primary education in the issue of teaching preschoolers and primary schoolchildren in initial reading is posed. The possibili-ties of using various methods of teaching initial reading, depending on the writing system, are ana-lyzed. Conclusions on the problem under study are associated with the development of phonemic hearing, the formation of a broad orientation of children in linguistic reality, with the skills of sound analysis and synthesis. The novelty of the research is the idea of the possibility of special training and teaching older preschoolers to initial reading based on the development of a value attitude to language and speech during preschool childhood, on the basis of psychological and pedagogical diagnostics. Arguments in favor of preschool reading teaching are associated with sufficient general and verbal development of modern children.
Boris Pavlovich Mansurov and the organization of the Russian presence in Holy Places (1857–1864)
Authors: Allenov Andrey N.
Published: October 2021

We analyze the circumstances of the creation of Russian Palestine, a unique phenomenon of Russian history and culture. The role of one of the main ideologists of the Russian presence in the Holy Land, B.P. Mansurov is shown. The relevance of the work is determined by a comprehensive study of the activities of state structures in organizing Russian pilgrims in the Orthodox East, recreating the stages of work on the Jerusalem project. The lack of research of the first stage of the development of Russian Palestine, insufficient attention to the issue, give the work a histori-ographic novelty. It is shown that the concept of presence in the region appeared in the Naval Ministry under the leadership of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich. Attention is drawn to the contribution of B.P. Mansurov in justification and development of the program for the arrangement of Russian infrastructure in Jerusalem, the business of purchasing land and the construction of the Russian Compound. It is substantiated that the proposed by B.P. Mansurov, the project played the role of an important foreign policy program of Russia in the Orthodox East after the end of the Crimean War. It is revealed that the creation of the Russian pilgrimage and church infrastructure in the Holy Land opened a new stage in the development of the Russian presence in the region, strengthened the existing cultural and diplomatic ties between Russia and Palestine.
“We retreated for a long time, silently...?” The Great Retreat of 1915 on the combat records of the units of the 7th Infantry Division of the 5th Army Corps
Authors: Kanishchev Vladimir V.
Published: October 2021

We consider one of the most difficult periods of the First World War for the Russian army – the “Great Retreat” of 1915. The behavior of the officer corps and soldiers of four regiments of the 7th Infantry Division of the Imperial Army in the conditions of a large-scale retreat in June–September 1915 is studied. In the course of the study, it is found that the events of those days are covered in regimental records very subjectively. Their compilers entered data with varying degrees of completeness and accuracy, and sometimes left serious gaps in the chronology of events. Nevertheless, the obtained facts allowed us to draw ambiguous conclusions about this event in our history. There is a place for the manifestation of all the human traits that can be revealed in war. Soldiers and officers, finding themselves in different situations, could show courage and bravery, cowardice and weakness, determination and uncertainty. However, the general description of what is happening convinces us that the people who found themselves in these conditions remained faithful to the oath and fulfilled the tasks assigned to them. The Great retreat “did not bury” the Russian imperial army, which continued the struggle and only the circumstances that occurred within the state in two years will put an end to the history of its existence.
Historical and criminological analysis of official crime among the personnel of the NKVD in 1941–1945 (based on the materials of the Far Eastern region)
Authors: Zhadan Aleksander V.
Published: October 2021

. On the basis of documentary sources, most of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the problem of the commission of malfeasance by officers of the NKVD of the Far East in the period 1941–1945 is analyzed. The relevance and practical signific-ance of the study is due to the valuable historical experience that was gained by the law enforce-ment system of the state in the emergency conditions of wartime, including in the field of ensuring discipline and legality. The conclusion is substantiated that among the causes and conditions of official criminality in the NKVD bodies during the war years, the shortage of high-quality person-nel and the growing deterioration of the material situation of personnel, together with shortcom-ings in the systems of professional training, educational work and ensuring their own security, were of decisive importance. Among the criminological features of official criminality of this period, the following are noted: an increase in the number of crimes related to the illegal release of citizens from military service and other restrictions and obligations imposed by law; the specificity of the subject of criminal encroachments; high latency.
Food crisis in Vienna in recent years World War I 1916–1918
Authors: Nadirov Rashid A.
Published: October 2021

The food crisis in Vienna in 1916–1918, the capital of Austria-Hungary in the last years of the First World War, is considered. It was at the final stage of the First World War that one of the most acute problems that arose in every belligerent country – food. It became impossible to ignore the deficit, which both the imperial and the city authorities tried to do in the first two years of the Great War. The scarcity of the most essential food was highlighted by such veils as endless queues in city markets, the growth of crime and child theft. By 1917, the food crisis in Vienna entered an acute phase. The main reasons for the crisis were: disruption of transport links, narrowing of cultivated areas due to the lack of male workers, procurement of food for the front, unfavorable market conditions for suppliers of agricultural products. The processes caused by martial law have led to an exorbitant rise in the cost of living, shortages, speculation on the black market. The gov-ernment, in turn, did not have a specific plan to deal with an acute shortage of material resources, shortages, rising prices, but at the same time significantly limited the rights and powers of citizens. In these conditions, there was a weakening of the physical strength and morale of the urban popu-lation, which led to massive strikes and demonstrations.
Teaching Russian-English translation with computer games
Authors: Mitchell Peter J. , Lopatin Roman D. , Trusov Egor V.
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, computer games occupy a large share of the entertainment industry market: according to data for 2019, the market volume was $ 152.1 billion (for comparison, the market volume in 2018 was $ 137.9 billion). The growing popularity of the industry led to the inclusion of computer games in 2005 on the UNESCO World Heritage List, and in 2003 – to the establishment of a video game award by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. Computer games are increasingly penetrating our lives, and thus follows the language of “gamers”, exerting an increas-ing influence on the normative language. Computer games are a vast topic for research and study, especially in terms of language and teaching. Teaching translation in the modern world should in-clude a comprehensive preparation of future specialists for work. In the current education system of the Russian Federation, there is no professional training of translators for the localization of computer games, therefore, translators who wish to work in this area need to undergo additional training outside the higher education system. This brings to the fore the issue of needing to identify the features of the translation process and localization of computer games in order to improve the quality of teaching translation. We consider the features of translation and localization from English into Russian based on the texts of the computer game “The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt”.
Model of teaching the stylistic aspect of foreign language communication in the process of secondary general education
Authors: Chernikova Ekaterina L.
Published: October 2021

This study is devoted to the development of a model of teaching the stylistic aspect of foreign language communication in the process of secondary general education. The results of theoretical research and accumulated experience show that the stylistic aspect of foreign language communication plays a huge role in foreign language education at high school. However, students experience difficulties in applying stylistic techniques and tropes, which leads to a decrease in the quality of foreign language communication. This fact indicates the relevance of this study. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the development of the main theoretical approaches and principles that ensure the effectiveness of the proposed model implementation. The leading approaches are highlighted such as personal-activity, communicative, communicative-cognitive, socio-cultural and integrative. The main principles are the principle of scientific character, the prin-ciple of accessibility and feasibility, the principle of connection between theory and practice, the principle of systematicity and consistency, the principle of visibility, the principle of conscious and active participation. This study proposes a model of teaching the stylistic aspect of foreign language communication in the process of secondary general education based on a comparative analysis of stylistic means and functions in the native and foreign languages. The obtained results of the work can be used in the process of developing curricula and creating manuals for high school students.
Az energetikai jellemzők és az ingatlanárak kapcsolata
Authors: Ertl Antal , Horváth Áron , Mónus Gergely , Sáfián Fanni , Székely Judit
Published: October 2021

A szerzők egy új adatbázison vizsgálják a magyarországi családi házak ára és energetikai jellemzői közötti összefüggést. A KSH (Központi Statisztikai Hivatal) népszámlálási lakáskérdőívének, a NAV (Nemzeti Adó- és Vámhivatal) illetékhivatali adatainak és az LTK (Lechner Tudásközpont) energetikai tanúsítványainak összekapcsolása nyolcezres mintát eredményezett számukra. Az adatbázison igazolják, hogy a relatíve széles körű ingatlanjellemzéshez képest is többletinformációt hordoz az ingatlanról annak energetikai igénye. Megmutatják azt is, hogy – lokációs és ingatlanjellemzőkre való kontrollálás mellett – a magasabb energetikai besorolás hatására szignifikáns prémium jelentkezik a családi házak árában. Eredményeik szerint az energetikailag korszerűbb családi házak árában prémium mutatkozhat, azaz az energiahatékonysági felújítás árnövekedést eredményezhet.
Literaturskanale in der Weimarer Republik
Authors: Kraus Martin Georg
Published: October 2021

Mit dieser literaturwissenschaftlich beheimaten Arbeit wird ein Beitrag zur Erschließung der Literaturgeschichte als eine Geschichte literarischer Skandale geleistet. Angesichts der nach wie vor festzustellenden Forschungslücken auf dem Gebiet der literaturwissenschaftlichen Skandalforschung muss sich für diesen Beitrag zunächst allgemein mit dem Phänomen (Literatur-)Skandal an sich beschäftigt werden. Entsprechend werden theoretische Grundlagen ausgelotet, begriffliche Klärungen vorgenommen und einige Ansätze skizziert, mit denen die angestrebten Erschließungen produktiver vorgenommen werden können. Dies erfolgt u. a. im Rückgriff auf skandalogische Forschungen in anderen Wissenschaften (wie etwa in Politik-, Sozial-, Kommunikations- und Religionswissenschaften) sowie durch Anwendung dieser Überlegungen auf das sogenannte literarische Feld. Es zeigt sich, dass konkrete (Literatur-)Skandale ohne eine Beachtung ihrer Umstände kaum hinreichend zu verstehen sind. Folglich erscheint es zweckmäßig, eine weitergehende Untersuchung auf eine bestimmte Zeit einzugrenzen. Hier wird der Fokus auf Kontexte, Skandalösitäten und Skandale in der Literatur in der Weimarer Republik gerichtet. Angestrebt wird, dass durch diesen Fokus weitere, über die bloße Theorie hinausgehende Aufschlüsse über Literaturskandale gewonnen werden können. Außerdem mögen dadurch die bisherigen Erkenntnisse zu den Jahren 1918 bis 1933 ergänzt werden. Beispielhaft vertieft werden die Ergebnisse zu Literaturskandal und zur Weimarer Republik durch Blicke auf zwei prominente Skandalfälle der besagten Zeit. Namentlich schauen wir auf die Skandale um erstens Arthur Schnitzlers Reigen als Theateraufführung in Berlin (1920/21) und um zweitens Erich Maria Remarques Roman Im Westen nichts Neues (1928/29) sowie dessen Verfilmung All quiet on the Western Front (1929/30).
Geschlechterunterschiede bei Schülerinnen und Schülern: Der Zusammenhang von traditionellen Geschlechterrollen und Geschlechterstereotypen mit Kompetenzen und Interessen
Authors:   , Ehrtmann Lisa
Published: October 2021

Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich zum einen mit der Frage, ob Geschlechterrolleneinstellungen von Schülerinnen und Schülern der Sekundarstufe mit ihren Kompetenzen in Mathematik und Lesen sowie mit ihren beruflichen und akademischen Interessen zusammenhängen. Außerdem wird untersucht, ob Geschlechterstereotype von Grundschullehrkräften mit den Kompetenzen ihrer Schülerinnen und Schüler in Mathematik und Lesen zusammenhängen. Gefunden wird ein Zusammenhang von traditionellen Einstellungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler mit niedrigeren Kompetenzen. Für Mädchen besteht dieser Zusammenhang in Mathematik und Lesen, für Jungen nur in der Domäne Lesen. Traditionelle Einstellungen hängen im Gegensatz zu egalitären Einstellungen außerdem mit niedrigen Interessen beziehungsweise typisch männlichen Interessen zusammen. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen den Stereotypen von Lehrkräften und den Kompetenzen ihrer Schülerinnen und Schüler in der Grundschule wird nicht gefunden.
The Level of Passion for Knowledge among High School Students while Learning Social Studies in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Najmuldeen Hanan A
Published: October 2021

The present research paper aims to measure the level of passion for knowledge while learning social studies among high school students in Saudi Arabia. It adopts a descriptive approach. To achieve its objectives, the researcher created a scale of passion for knowledge that consists of 25 sentences. The study population covered all high school students in Jeddah, but the scale was applied to a stratified sample of 1142 students only who were selected randomly from all the public high schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The results show that the level of passion for knowledge is high as it reached 3.77. Compared with the other grades, the highest level of passion for knowledge was found for the first-grade high school students because they studied the new curricula in all stages, while those in the second and third grades studied the curriculum that was implemented before curricula were developed according to Saudi Vision 2030.
HEAVY METALS BIOACCUMULATION AND RISK ESTIMATION IN EDIBLE FRESHWATER FISH FROM PEDROSO RESERVOIR (MAYABEQUE, CUBA)
Authors: Mesa Pérez María A. , Díaz Rizo Óscar , García Acosta Humberto , Alarcón Santos Onelia Adriana , Tavella Marie J. , Bagué David , Sánchez-Pérez José M. , Guerrero Domínguez Lilisbet , Hernández Rodríguez Daylen , Díaz Almeida Carlos Miguel
Published: October 2021

This work is a validation of the second step of a heavy metal monitoring procedure in Cuba fluvial ecosystems. Concentrations of seven heavy metals were measured by ICP-MS in water samples collected from the Pedroso reservoir (Mayabeque province, Cuba) and its main tributaries, as well as in edible muscle of three locally consumed fish species: Oreochromis spp., Tinca tinca and Clarias gariepinus. The results show a high concentration of Pb in areas near a paint factory (85.5 μg/L), an asphalt factory and a high traffic area (345.8 μg/L). Metal content (in mg/kg ww) in fish fillet ranged as follows: Cr (0.01-0.58), Co (0.01-0.58), Cu (0.23-88.16), Zn (4.9-29.9), As (0.01-0.86), Cd (0.02-2.93) and Pb (0.01-1.23). According to Cuban regulations, concentrations of Cd in muscle are not safe in 37.5 to 44.0 % of the studied fishes, while Pb is high in 14.0 to 20.0 %. Non-carcinogenic risk (HI) is present when daily intake is above 81 g/day. Carcinogenic risk (ELCR) is calculated to be 5.8 × 10–4 according to the US-EPA methodology. Fishermen families are the most sensitive population sector. Local authorities were informed and different measures were taken to avoid polluted fish consumption and the reduction of pollutant sources.
CALIDAD AMBIENTAL DE LA LAGUNA MARÍA LA GORDA DE LA CIUDAD DE RÍO GALLEGOS, ARGENTINA
Authors: Acuña Adrián Javier , Szewczuk Javier Américo , Pucci Graciela Natalia
Published: October 2021

La laguna María la Gorda forma parte del Sistema de Reserva Natural Urbana de la ciudad de Río Gallegos, siendo una de las de mayor superficie con aproximadamente 11.29 ha. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar desde el punto de vista físico, químico, microbiológico y de contaminantes específicos la calidad del agua y el sedimento de la laguna María la Gorda con el fin de conocer su calidad ambiental. Para ello se tomaron muestras de agua y sedimento de forma estacional y se estudiaron en función de sus características físicas, químicas, microbiológicas, así como de su concentración de hidrocarburos y metales pesados. Los principales resultados obtenidos demostraron que el agua de la laguna María la Gorda tiene calidad ambiental media. Su uso debe limitarse a fines recreativos debido a la presencia de contaminación por materia orgánica con elevados valores de DQO, nitratos y microorganismos indicadores; sin embargo, no se encontraron presentes hidrocarburos ni metales pesados por encima de los valores de referencia utilizados. La demostración de la deficiente calidad de este espacio catalogado como reserva urbana obliga a implantar medidas que tiendan al saneamiento y mantenimiento de la buena calidad ambiental de la zona de estudio, a fin de darle el uso para el cual está destinada y evitar que, en el futuro, surjan inconvenientes ambientales que lleven a la aparición de problemas de salud en la población de Río Gallegos asociados con la problemática planteada.