bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patients Screening Positive for Body Dysmorphic Disorder Show No Significant Health-Related Quality of Life Gain after Functional Septorhinoplasty at a Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Wallner Frank , Oladokun Dare , Plinkert Peter , Baumann Ingo , Hohenberger Ralph , Bulut Olcay
Published: April 2018

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disorder defined by an excessive concern about one's physical appearance, especially regarding slight or imagined abnormities of the body. This study was conducted to compare postoperative quality of life (QOL) changes after primary septorhinoplasty among patients screening positive and those screening negative for BDD. Two common instruments for the screening of BDD were used namely the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ) and the BDD Concern Questionnaire (BDDQ). For the determination of QOL changes, three validated screening instruments were used. The Functional Rhinoplasty Outcome Inventory (FROI-17) and the Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation (ROE) were used as disease-specific instruments and the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) was used as a general instrument. All patients completed the FROI-17, the ROE, and the SF-36 preoperatively and 60 months postoperatively. The BDD questionnaires were singularly obtained 60 months after surgery. The authors identified 9.8% of our patients with a possible BDD diagnosis. The patients screening positive for BDD showed significantly lower ROE scores postoperatively, compared with those screening negative for BDD. QOL gains detected by the disease-specific instruments (ROE and FROI-17) were only significant in the non-BDD group. No significant QOL gains were detectable with the FROI-17, the ROE, and the SF-36 in the BDD group. In patients screening negative for BDD, QOL, as measured with the SF-36, improved significantly in five categories: physical functioning, role-functioning physical, bodily pain, general health, and social functioning. Patients screening positive for BDD did not improve in any categories of the general SF-36 questionnaire. Instead, their score in the “mental health” category was significantly lower 5 years after their surgery compared with preoperatively. Patients retrospectively screening positive for BDD in our cohort did not improve in QOL postoperatively. Alternative nonsurgical treatments such as cognitive behavioral treatment and/or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been reported to be effective and should be considered as the treatment of choice. Some studies suggest that a smaller subgroup of BDD patients may benefit from functional rhinoplasty. Further research and larger long-term prospective outcome studies are needed to understand the influence of BDD symptoms on postoperative satisfaction and QOL changes after septorhinoplasty.
Neonatal Morbidities among Moderately Preterm Infants with and without Exposure to Antenatal Corticosteroids
Authors: Natarajan Girija , Chowdhury Dhuly , Das Abhik , Walsh Michele , Bell Edward , Laptook Abbot , Van Meurs Krisa , D'Angio Carl , Stoll Barbara , DeMauro Sara , Shankaran Seetha , Chawla Sanjay
Published: April 2018

Objective We aimed to compare the rates of “surfactant treated respiratory disease” and other neonatal morbidities among moderately preterm (MPT) infants exposed to no, partial, or a complete course of antenatal corticosteroids (ANS).

Study Design This observational cohort study evaluated MPT infants (290/7–336/7 weeks' gestational age), born between January 2012 and November 2013 and enrolled in the “MPT Registry” of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.

Results Data were available for 5,886 infants, including 676 with no exposure, 1225 with partial, and 3,985 with a complete course of ANS. Among no, partial, and complete ANS groups, respectively, there were significant differences in rates of delivery room resuscitation (4.1, 1.4, and 1.2%), surfactant-treated respiratory disease (26.5, 26.3, and 20%), and severe intracranial hemorrhage (3, 2, and 0.8%). Complete ANS course was associated with lower surfactant-treated respiratory disease, compared with partial ANS (odds ratio [OR] 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52–0.74), and no ANS groups (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.41–0.66) on adjusted analysis.

Conclusion In MPT infants, ANS exposure is associated with lower delivery room resuscitation, surfactant-treated respiratory disease, and severe intracranial hemorrhage; with the lowest frequency of morbidities associated with a complete course.
Effectiveness of Metformin in the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Obese Pregnant Women
Authors: Sales Willian Barbosa , Nascimento Iramar Baptistella do , Dienstmann Guilherme , Souza Matheus Leite Ramos de , Silva Grazielle Dutra da , Silva Jean Carl
Published: April 2018

Objective To assess the effectiveness of metformin in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in obese pregnant women attending a public maternity hospital in Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Methods Randomized clinical trial including obese pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, divided into two groups (control and metformin). Both groups received guidance regarding diet and physical exercise. The participants were assessed at two moments, the first at enrollment (gestational age ≤ 20) and the second at gestational weeks 24–28. The outcomes assessed were BMI and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis. The data distribution was assessed with the Friedman test. For all the analytical models, the p-values were considered significant when lower than 0.05. The absolute risk reduction was also estimated.

Results Overall, 164 pregnant women were assessed and further divided into 82 participants per group. No significant difference was observed in BMI variation between the control and metformin groups (0.9 ± 1.2 versus 1.0 ± 0.9, respectively, p = 0.63). Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 15.9% (n = 13) of the patients allocated to the metformin group and 19.5% (n = 16) of those in the control group (p = 0.683). The absolute risk reduction was 3.6 (95% confidence interval 8.0–15.32) in the group treated with metformin, which was not significant.

Conclusion Metformin was not effective in reducing BMI and preventing GDM in obese pregnant women.
Update DVO-Osteoporoseregister–Stellenwert der Erfassung von Kraft und Balance für das Sturz- und Frakturrisiko älterer Frauen
Authors: Pfaff R. , Warda M. , Defèr A.
Published: April 2018

Einführung: Stürze sind die häufigste Frakturursache. Eine effiziente Diagnostik von sturzund frakturgefährdeten Patienten unter Praxisbedingungen ist von hoher Bedeutung.

Methoden: Es wurden die im DVO-Osteo poroseregister dokumentierten Daten von 10 804 Frauen bezüglich der Ergebnisse von Chair-Rising-Test, “Up and go”-Test und Tandemstand ausgewertet. Für 633 Frauen lag auch das Ergebnis einer Handkraftmessung vor. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte zum einen über die Anwendung des Chi-Quadrat-Tests mit Hilfe von Kreuztabellen, zum anderen durch die Bestimmung der Odds Ratio.

Ergebnisse: Bei einem auffälligen Testergebnis ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass prävalente und/oder inzidente Frakturen vorhanden sind, bei Frauen signifikant erhöht. So beträgt die Odds Ratio beim Chair-RisingTest 1,975, beim Tandemstand 2,3938 und beim “Up an go”-Test 2,0382. Bei Frauen, bei denen eine auffällige Handkraftmessung beobachtet wurde, zeigt sich, dass weder beim Chair-Rising-Test (p = 0,8706) noch beim 𠇜Up and go”-Test (p = 0,0526) eine Abhängigkeit zwischen einem auffälligen Test ergebnis und vorhandenen Frakturen besteht. Der Tandemstand jedoch signalisiert bezüglich eines Zusammenhangs zwischen einem auffälligen Testergebnis und vorhandenen Frakturen eine hochsignifikante Abhängigkeit (p < 0,001). Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass eine Fraktur bei einem auffälligen Testergebnis des Tandemstands vorhanden ist, ist um den Faktor 6,2585 erhöht.

Diskussion: Die Testung des Tandemstands in Verbindung mit einer Handkraftmessung hat einen hohen Aussagewert für die Ermittlung des Sturz- und Frakturrisikos bei älteren Frauen. Frauen mit einem negativen Ergebnis bei der Testung des Chair-Risin- goder des “Up and go”-Manövers hatten ebenfalls signifikant mehr Frakturen als Frauen mit normalem Testergebnis.
Eigenschaften des Osteozytennetzwerks in gesundem und erkranktem Knochen
Authors: vom Scheidt A. , Busse B.
Published: April 2018

Humaner Knochen ist von einem komplexen Netzwerk aus Lakunen und Kanalikuli durchzogen, welches von mechanosensitiven Osteozyten bevölkert wird. Durch Signalmoleküle und direkten Zellkontakt regulieren Osteozyten die Aktivität von Osteoblasten und Osteoklasten im Knochenumbau und modulieren so die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Knochens. Zusätzlich greifen Osteozyten in den Kalziumstoffwechsel ein und können lokal Kalzium resorbieren oder eine Mineralisierung beeinflussen. Wir diskutieren zwei Hauptfaktoren, welche die Mechanoresponsivität des Netzwerks schädigen: 1. Der Tod von Osteozyten, z. B. bei unphysiologischer Belastung, und der Mangel an Osteozyten im Alter verschlechtern die Auflösung des mechanosensitiven Netzwerk. Dies verhindert eine adäquate Instandhaltung der Gewebequalität und resultiert in gealtertem, höher mineralisiertem Knochen mit einer Häufung von Mikrorissen. 2. Der Verschluss von Lakunen mit Mineral verhindert zusätzlich den Nährstoffund Signalmolekülfluss im Netzwerk. So wird die Lebensfähigkeit anliegender Zellen behindert und die Mechanoresponsivität verringert. Da die regulierende Funktion der Osteozyten auf den Knochenumbau für eine hohe Fraktur resistenz essenziell ist, bietet sich hier ein großes Potenzial, durch Unterstützung der Osteozytenlebensfähigkeit therapeutisch und präventiv Frakturen zu bekämpfen.
A coaxial-output capacitor-loaded annular pulse forming line
Authors: Li Rui , Li Yongdong , Su Jiancang , Yu Binxiong , Xu Xiudong , Zhao Liang , Cheng Jie , Zeng Bo
Published: April 2018

A coaxial-output capacitor-loaded annular pulse forming line (PFL) is developed in order to reduce the flat top fluctuation amplitude of the forming quasi-square pulse and improve the quality of the pulse waveform produced by a Tesla-pulse forming network (PFN) type pulse generator. A single module composed of three involute dual-plate PFNs is designed, with a characteristic impedance of 2.44 Ω, an electrical length of 15 ns, and a sustaining voltage of 60 kV. The three involute dual-plate PFNs connected in parallel have the same impedance and electrical length. Due to the existed small inductance and capacitance per unit length in each involute dual-plate PFN, the upper cut-off frequency of the PFN is increased. As a result, the entire annular PFL has better high-frequency response capability. Meanwhile, the three dual-plate PFNs discharge in parallel, which is much closer to the coaxial output. The series connecting inductance between adjacent two modules is significantly reduced when the annular PFL modules are connected in series. The pulse waveform distortion is reduced when the pulse transfers along the modules. Finally, the shielding electrode structure is applied on both sides of the module. The electromagnetic field is restricted in the module when a single module discharges, and the electromagnetic coupling between the multi-stage annular PFLs is eliminated. Based on the principle of impedance matching between the multi-stage annular PFL and the coaxial PFL, the structural optimization design of a mixed PFL in a Tesla type pulse generator is completed with the transient field-circuit co-simulation method. The multi-stage annular PFL consists of 18 stage annular PFL modules in series, with the characteristic impedance of 44 Ω, the electrical length of 15 ns, and the sustaining voltage of 1 MV. The mixed PFL can generate quasi-square electrical pulses with a pulse width of 43 ns, and the fluctuation ratio of the pulse flat top is less than 8% when the pulse rise time is about 5 ns.
Recent H− diagnostics, plasma simulations, and 2X scaled Penning ion source developments at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Authors: Lawrie S. R. , Faircloth D. C. , Smith J. D. , Sarmento T. M. , Whitehead M. O. , Wood T. , Perkins M. , Macgregor J. , Abel R.
Published: April 2018

A vessel for extraction and source plasma analyses is being used for Penning H− ion source development at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. A new set of optical elements including an einzel lens has been installed, which transports over 80 mA of H− beam successfully. Simultaneously, a 2X scaled Penning source has been developed to reduce cathode power density. The 2X source is now delivering a 65 mA H− ion beam at 10% duty factor, meeting its design criteria. The long-term viability of the einzel lens and 2X source is now being evaluated, so new diagnostic devices have been installed. A pair of electrostatic deflector plates is used to correct beam misalignment and perform fast chopping, with a voltage rise time of 24 ns. A suite of four quartz crystal microbalances has shown that the cesium flux in the vacuum vessel is only increased by a factor of two, despite the absence of a dedicated cold trap. Finally, an infrared camera has demonstrated good agreement with thermal simulations but has indicated unexpected heating due to beam loss on the downstream electrode. These types of diagnostics are suitable for monitoring all operational ion sources. In addition to experimental campaigns and new diagnostic tools, the high-performance VSim and COMSOL software packages are being used for plasma simulations of two novel ion thrusters for space propulsion applications. In parallel, a VSim framework has been established to include arbitrary temperature and cesium fields to allow the modeling of surface physics in H− ion sources.
Local control of globally competing patterns in coupled Swift–Hohenberg equations
Authors: Becker Maximilian , Frenzel Thomas , Niedermayer Thomas , Reichelt Sina , Mielke Alexander , Bär Markus
Published: April 2018

We present analytical and numerical investigations of two anti-symmetrically coupled 1D Swift–Hohenberg equations (SHEs) with cubic nonlinearities. The SHE provides a generic formulation for pattern formation at a characteristic length scale. A linear stability analysis of the homogeneous state reveals a wave instability in addition to the usual Turing instability of uncoupled SHEs. We performed weakly nonlinear analysis in the vicinity of the codimension-two point of the Turing-wave instability, resulting in a set of coupled amplitude equations for the Turing pattern as well as left- and right-traveling waves. In particular, these complex Ginzburg–Landau-type equations predict two major things: there exists a parameter regime where multiple different patterns are stable with respect to each other and that the amplitudes of different patterns interact by local mutual suppression. In consequence, different patterns can coexist in distinct spatial regions, separated by localized interfaces. We identified specific mechanisms for controlling the position of these interfaces, which distinguish what kinds of patterns the interface connects and thus allow for global pattern selection. Extensive simulations of the original SHEs confirm our results.
Periodic spectral modulations of low-energy, low-charge-state carbon ions accelerated in an intense laser–solid interaction
Authors: Noaman-ul-Haq Muhammad , Wu Dong , Ahmed Hamad , Li Boyuan , Yuan Xiaohui , Yu Tongpu , Ge Xulei , Sokollik Thomas , Chen Liming , Sheng Zhengming , Zhang Jie
Published: April 2018

We report experimental observation of periodic modulations in the energy distribution of C1+ ions dominantly accelerated in the interaction of a 15 μm thick tape target with intense laser pulses of intensities ∼1018 W/cm2 in a defocused configuration. Moreover, the influence of laser intensity on the acceleration of low- and high-charge-state species of carbon ions is observed. Two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell simulations elucidate the dynamics of ionization-dependent acceleration of different species in different laser focusing conditions. By comparison, 1D simulations suggest that the modulations of C1+ ions are due to the longitudinal recirculation dynamics of hot electrons in the target, which modulates the sheath field for acceleration of C1+ ions.
High-energy-density plasma jet generated by laser-cone interaction
Authors: Ke Y. Z. , Yang X. H. , Ma Y. Y. , Xu B. B. , Ge Z. Y. , Gan L. F. , Meng L. , Wang S. W. , Kawata S.
Published: April 2018

The generation of high-energy-density (HED) plasma jet from a laser ablating thin cone target is studied theoretically and by numerical simulations. Theoretical analysis and 1D simulations show that a maximum kinetic energy conversion efficiency (CE) of 26% can be achieved when nearly 80% of the foil is ablated by laser. A HED plasma jet is generated when an intense laser (∼1015 W/cm2) irradiates the cone target, inducing a great enhancement of energy density compared to that of the planar target, which is attributed to the cumulative effect of the cone shape and the new generation mechanism of jet, i.e., laser directly accelerating the cone wall onto the axis. The characteristic of jet is influenced by the cone geometry, i.e., thickness and cone angle. It is found that a cone with a half opening angle around 70° and the optimized thickness (∼5 μm) can induce a jet with a high CE and long duration, whose peak energy density can reach 3.5 × 1015 erg/cm3. The results can be beneficial for laser-driven novel neutron sources and other fusion related experiments, where HED plasma jet can be applied.
2D particle-in-cell simulation of the entire process of surface flashover on insulator in vacuum
Authors: Wang Hongguang , Zhang Jianwei , Li Yongdong , Lin Shu , Zhong Pengfeng , Liu Chunliang
Published: April 2018

With the introduction of an external circuit model and a gas desorption model, the surface flashover on the plane insulator-vacuum interface perpendicular to parallel electrodes is simulated by a Particle-In-Cell method. It can be seen from simulations that when the secondary electron emission avalanche (SEEA) occurs, the current sharply increases because of the influence of the insulator surface charge on the cathode field emission. With the introduction of the gas desorption model, the current keeps on increasing after SEEA, and then the feedback of the external circuit causes the voltage between the two electrodes to decrease. The cathode emission current decreases, while the anode current keeps growing. With the definition that flashover occurs when the diode voltage drops by more than 20%, we obtained the simulated flashover voltage which agrees with the experimental value with the use of the field enhancement factor β = 145 and the gas molecule desorption coefficient γ=0.25. From the simulation results, we can also see that the time delay of flashover decreases exponentially with voltage. In addition, from the gas desorption model, the gas density on the insulator surface is found to be proportional to the square of the gas desorption rate and linear with time.
Entropic elasticity based coarse-grained model of lipid membranes
Authors: Feng Shuo , Hu Yucai , Liang Haiyi
Published: April 2018

Various models for lipid bilayer membranes have been presented to investigate their morphologies. Among them, the aggressive coarse-grained models, where the membrane is represented by a single layer of particles, are computationally efficient and of practical importance for simulating membrane dynamics at the microscopic scale. In these models, soft potentials between particle pairs are used to maintain the fluidity of membranes, but the underlying mechanism of the softening requires further clarification. We have analyzed the membrane area decrease due to thermal fluctuations, and the results demonstrate that the intraparticle part of entropic elasticity is responsible for the softening of the potential. Based on the stretching response of the membrane, a bottom-up model is developed with an entropic effect explicitly involved. The model reproduces several essential properties of the lipid membrane, including the fluid state and a plateau in the stretching curve. In addition, the area compressibility modulus, bending rigidity, and spontaneous curvature display linear dependence on model parameters. As a demonstration, we have investigated the closure and morphology evolution of membrane systems driven by spontaneous curvature, and vesicle shapes observed experimentally are faithfully reproduced.
Structural, electronic, and dynamical properties of liquid water by ab initio molecular dynamics based on SCAN functional within the canonical ensemble
Authors: Zheng Lixin , Chen Mohan , Sun Zhaoru , Ko Hsin-Yu , Santra Biswajit , Dhuvad Pratikkumar , Wu Xifan
Published: April 2018

We perform ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation of liquid water in the canonical ensemble at ambient conditions using the strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) meta-generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) functional approximation and carry out systematic comparisons with the results obtained from the GGA-level Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional and Tkatchenko-Scheffler van der Waals (vdW) dispersion correction inclusive PBE functional. We analyze various properties of liquid water including radial distribution functions, oxygen-oxygen-oxygen triplet angular distribution, tetrahedrality, hydrogen bonds, diffusion coefficients, ring statistics, density of states, band gaps, and dipole moments. We find that the SCAN functional is generally more accurate than the other two functionals for liquid water by not only capturing the intermediate-range vdW interactions but also mitigating the overly strong hydrogen bonds prescribed in PBE simulations. We also compare the results of SCAN-based AIMD simulations in the canonical and isothermal-isobaric ensembles. Our results suggest that SCAN provides a reliable description for most structural, electronic, and dynamical properties in liquid water.
Polarity inversion of AlN film grown on nitrided a-plane sapphire substrate with pulsed DC reactive sputtering
Authors: Noorprajuda Marsetio , Ohtsuka Makoto , Fukuyama Hiroyuki
Published: April 2018

The effect of oxygen partial pressure (PO2) on polarity and crystalline quality of AlN films grown on nitrided a-plane sapphire substrates by pulsed direct current (DC) reactive sputtering was investigated as a fundamental study. The polarity inversion of AlN from nitrogen (−c)-polarity to aluminum (+c)-polarity occurred during growth at a high PO2 of 9.4×103 Pa owing to Al-O octahedral formation at the interface of nitrided layer and AlN sputtered film which reset the polarity of AlN. The top part of the 1300 nm-thick AlN film sputtered at the high PO2 was polycrystallized. The crystalline quality was improved owing to the high kinetic energy of Al sputtered atom in the sputtering phenomena. Thinner AlN films were also fabricated at the high PO2 to eliminate the polycrystallization. For the 200 nm-thick AlN film sputtered at the high PO2, the full width at half-maximum values of the AlN (0002) and (10−12) X-ray diffraction rocking curves were 47 and 637 arcsec, respectively.
Magnetoacoustic heating in a quasi-isentropic magnetic gas
Authors: Perelomova Anna
Published: April 2018

The nonlinear heating of a plasma which associates with the transfer of energy of magnetoacoustic waves into that of the entropy mode, is analytically studied. A plasma is uniform and motionless at equilibrium. Perturbations in a plasma are described by a system of ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations. The equilibrium straight magnetic strength and the wave vector form a constant angle which varies from 0 to π/2. There exist four magnetosound branches (two slow and two fast) which differ by the speed and direction of propagation in this geometry. Various cases of a nonlinear flow take place due to the kind of external source of energy. This may make plasma isentropically or/and thermally unstable. We consider magnetoacoustic heating which is excited by any one of the magnetosound perturbations in the different cases of a flow. The nonlinear instantaneous equations, which describe the dynamics of the entropy mode in the field of intense magnetoacoustic perturbations, are analytically derived and discussed in regard to some physically meaningful cases. We use special projecting in order to derive weakly nonlinear evolutionary equations.
Magnetically tunable Fano resonance with enhanced nonreciprocity in a ferrite-dielectric metamolecule
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Zhang Guanqiao , Li Haohua , Zhou Ji
Published: April 2018

A magnetic tunable Fano-resonant metamaterial structure with enhanced nonreciprocity at microwave frequencies has been designed and investigated. The metamolecule has been implemented by using a dielectric cube and a magnetically biased ferrite. The Fano resonances originate from mode coupling between two constituents. The structure possesses a nonreciprocal feature since the external field breaks the time-reversal symmetry, and the Fano-type interference further enhances the nonreciprocal nature of biased ferrite. We are able to manipulate the Fano modes by adjusting the applied magnetic field. Simulation results suggest that the proper permittivity of the dielectric cube will optimize the nonreciprocal contrast. The magnetically tunable feature of the proposed metamaterial can potentially be applied to design dynamically controlled switches and isolators.
Anomalous spectral correlations between SERS enhancement and far-field optical responses in roughened Au mesoparticles
Authors: Huang Yu , Chen Yun , Gao Weixiang , Yang Zhengxuan , Wang Lingling
Published: April 2018

Depending on the experimental conditions and plasmonic systems, the correlations between near-field surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) behaviors and far-field optical responses have sometimes been accepted directly, or argued, or explored. In this work, we have numerically demonstrated the anomalous spectral correlations between the near- and far-field properties for roughened Au mesoparticles. As a counterexample, it is witnessed that the dipole extinction peak of the mesoparticles may mislead us in seeking favorable SERS performance. The simple Rayleigh scattering spectra can also be misguided in the presence of dark modes. For roughened mesoparticles with a moderate size here, the huge near-field enhancement is a synergistic result of the overall dark quadrupole mode and the substructural bonding dipole coupling. The conclusions demonstrated here would be of general interest to the field of plasmonics, especially the optimization of single-particle SERS substrates.
Magnetic isotopes as a means to elucidate Earth and environmental chemistry
Authors: Buchachenko Anatoly L.
Published: April 2018

In Earth and environmental chemistry, magnetic isotopes provide a universal means to identify reaction mechanisms. Mass-independent fractionation of isotopes as a signature of a mechanism occurs by two ways: first, via the magnetic isotope effect (MIE), which is controlled by magnetic, or hyperfine, coupling between unpaired electrons and magnetic nuclei in paramagnetic species (particularly, in radicals), and, second, via the nuclear volume effect (NVE), which is induced by the volume difference between isotopic nuclei. The MIE is the dependence of the reaction rates on the nuclear magnetic moment of reactants and fractionates magnetic and nonmagnetic isotopes, whereas NVE fractionates isotopes with different nuclear volumes. Both effects, MIE and NVE, are supposed to coexist in condensed phases. A decisive test for their differentiation is illustrated by the example of radical pairs with mercury nuclei. Namely, if isotope fractionation is controlled by MIE, the ratio Δ201Hg/Δ199Hg is expected to be in the range of 1.05–1.25 for isotopic enrichment and 0.80–0.92 for depletion. If isotope fractionation is controlled by NVE, this ratio is estimated to be in the range of 0.50–0.62. In contrast to MIE-induced bidirectional fractionation controlled by the direction of coherent spin conversion of the radical pair (triplet–singlet or vice versa), the NVE induces unidirectional, universal isotope fractionation, which is almost independent of the reaction mechanism. In contrast to MIE which exhibits inversion of the fractionation sign depending on the spin multiplicity of reactants, NVE is incompatible with the inversion of the fractionation sign. The MIE is an unambiguous indicator of the radical mechanisms and dominates in chemical reactions, whereas NVE prevails in nonchemical processes. Chemical scenarios of MIE-induced oxygen, sulfur, iron, silicon, tin, mercury, germanium and uranium isotope fractionation in photostimulated and dark reactions are analyzed in terms of reaction mechanisms including reactions in living organisms. In conclusion, some restrictions, uncertainties and problems in Earth and environmental chemistry are discussed.

The bibliography includes 92 references.
Talk into vs convince to
Authors: Duffley Patrick J.
Published: April 2018

This paper explores the causative constructions ‘talk NP into + ‑ing’ vs ‘convince NP to + infinitive’ by means of a collection of attested occurrences. It shows the connection between the characteristics described by Wierzbicka (1998), Gries & Stefanowitsch (2004) and Rudanko (2006) and the linguistically-signified semantic content involved in these structures. Wierzbicka’s account and the related Construction Grammar approach are shown to be wanting on both the descriptive and explanatory levels due to a distancing from the level on which a stable relation exists between meaning and linguistic form. An explanation of the distribution and semantics of the two constructions is proposed based on Langacker’s (1987) semiological principle, i.e. on the semantic content associated with each of the linguistic signs involved in these sequences.
Passive permissives
Authors: Egan Thomas
Published: April 2018

The ‘let NP bare infinitive’ construction differs from other common permissive constructions, such as ‘allow NP to-infinitive’ and ‘permit NP to-infinitive’ in being exceedingly rare in the passive. That is, while somebody may well be ‘allowed to do’ something, they are very seldom ‘let do’ something. Even more seldom are they ‘let to do’ something. This chapter explores possible reasons for the rarity of both of these passive let constructions, which are contrasted with passive allow constructions. It is argued that the difference in distribution between the constructions with the two matrix verbs is related to two factors. The first is a difference in the sorts of force dynamic relations which they typically encode. The second is related to the difference in semantics between the two infinitive forms. The argument is supported by corpus data from both British and American English.
Aspects of the use of the transitive into -ing pattern in New Zealand English
Authors: Rickman Paul , Kaunisto Mark
Published: April 2018

This chapter investigates the use of the transitive into -ing pattern in one of the world’s youngest dialects of English, New Zealand English (NZE). We draw on evidence collected from a diachronic NZE corpus of newspaper English, which comprises 100 million words from the years 1995–98 and 2010–12. We categorise the matrix verbs according to semantic orientation, and provide comment on any change evident between the two time-frames of the corpus, and we identify several previously undocumented matrix verbs in this pattern. Comparison is drawn to American English in an attempt to determine similarities in the use of this surprisingly productive pattern.
Sentential complementation of propose in recent British English
Authors: Saarimäki Veera
Published: April 2018

This article examines the sentential complementation of propose from 1780 to the 1990s. The study is based on previous research on the use of the verb in the Corpus of Late Modern English Texts and the British National Corpus. The focus of the article is on control theory, and it tracks changes in the complement patterns and control structure of propose. The examination of the corpora shows that throughout the data, the to-infinitive is the most frequent complement of propose, followed by the that-clause and ‑ing clause. The to-infinitive has increased its proportion at the expense of other patterns. The control structure of propose is complex, as it allows subject, object, PP object as well as unspecified control, the latter increasing in use. The data indicate that most changes occur between 1780 and 1920, reinforcing the idea that the Late Modern English period was a time of significant change in the complementation systems of many predicates.
The use of optional complement markers in present-day English
Authors: Rohdenburg Günter
Published: April 2018

This paper reports on the results of a corpus-based study exploring several major types of omissible complement clause markers. Throughout, the distribution of rival variants with or without these markers is accounted for in terms of the Complexity Principle correlating processing complexity and grammatical explicitness. The focus is on the use of passivized matrix verbs as well as other complexity factors in the active, which favour the more explicit variants containing the function words in question. At the same time, the paper registers, wherever practical and instructive, any parallels and differences between British and American English. In most cases, the variation phenomena in question are the result of ongoing developments either introducing or reducing the use of the relevant function words.
Patterns of direct transitivization and differences between British and American English
Authors: Callies Marcus
Published: April 2018

Rohdenburg (2009) found that prepositions are increasingly omitted in several types of verbs, marking a shift in complementation from an intransitive pattern with a prepositional object to a transitive pattern featuring a direct object noun phrase. In particular, the decrease of prepositional objects after antagonistic verbs (appeal, battle, fight, protest) and verbs of leaving (depart, escape, flee, resign) has been interpreted in line with an ongoing tendency in the history of English to functionally expand the category of the direct object at the expense of prepositional phrases in particular. Other verbs that are said to allow the preposition-less variant are mentioned only sporadically in the literature but have not yet been examined systematically on a broader empirical basis. This chapter provides corpus data from British and American English suggesting that several other verbs may also be in the process of undergoing direct transitivization.
I would like to request for your attention
Authors: Hoffmann Sebastian
Published: April 2018

This paper employs a diachronic corpus of newspaper data to investigate the use of a range of semantically redundant verb-particle combinations (e.g. to request for) in Singapore English since the 1950s. The findings are interpreted as evidence for possible processes of innovation and structural nativization, as outlined in Schneider’s (2003, 2007) dynamic model of post-colonial Englishes. The paper also touches on the motivations for speakers to employ such structures (e.g. analogy with existing forms, transparency) and shows that the results of parallel developments can be observed in other New – but not in native – Englishes world-wide, thus suggesting that we are dealing with strategies that are specific to ESL (English as a second language) contexts.
The development of infinitival complementation with or without language contact
Authors: Slomanson Peter
Published: April 2018

Certain contact languages previously lacking a finiteness contrast have developed infinitival complementation. The late Old English and Sri Lankan Malay (SLM) constructions both involve to-infinitives seemingly based on prepositional phrases, specifically infinitival to + lexical verb in Old English and infinitival nang + lexical verb in SLM. There is no evidence, however, that these verbs were ever nominalized in SLM, and Los (2005) has argued that the apparently dativized forms we find in Old English belie the fact that their syntactic status was verbal and the constituents containing them clausal. The SLM infinitival prefix is etymologically irrealis, paralleling the subjunctives that the English to-infinitive progressively replaced. Identifying cross-linguistically parallel changes that are explainable based on textual attestations in one of the languages examined will aid in reconstructing the development of underattested languages that lack diachronic corpora.
Anglicising Finnish complementation? Examining the rakastan puhua (‘I love to speak’) structure in present-day Finnish
Authors: Hietaranta Pertti
Published: April 2018

The paper addresses the question as to whether the complementation system of Finnish is currently undergoing a change which will ultimately lead to Finnish syntax recognising rakastan puhua (‘I love to talk/speak’) as a valid instantiation of the syntactic structure in question in addition to the traditional construction rakastan puhumista (‘I love talking/speaking’). At present, the former type is distinctly a marked type of expression whereas the latter variant is equally unmarked. The paper argues that while the emergence of the new type in Finnish may be attributable to the influence of the corresponding infinitival construction in English via translation, this is so only to some extent, and that the change Finnish syntax is undergoing in this respect is mainly due to some sociolinguistic and ideological considerations whereby users of the construction can identify themselves as belonging to certain subcultures or subgroups of speakers.
Recent progress in the high-cycle fatigue behaviour of γ-TiAl alloys
Authors: Edwards T.E.J.
Published: April 2018

The high-cycle fatigue (HCF) properties of γ-TiAl (gamma titanium aluminide) alloys are reviewed, particularly with regards to the deformation mechanisms active in the near-threshold cyclic loading regime. By examining the influence of lamellar orientation and thickness on the HCF threshold, in addition to more conventional microstructural considerations such as the grain size or the volume fraction of lamellar colonies, factors to improve the γ-TiAl microstructure for HCF are assessed. Finally, experimental methods and loading strategies are surveyed to identify techniques for improving HCF testing of γ-TiAl alloys. In this, we consider both the conservativism of differing approaches and the possibility to measure with suitable resolution the local mechanical behaviour under HCF of the lamellar γ-TiAl microstructure.

This review was submitted as part of the 2018 Materials Literature Review Prize of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining run by the Editorial Board of MST. Sponsorship of the prize by TWI Ltd is gratefully acknowledged.
A fragmentation study of isoflavones by IT-TOF-MS using biosynthesized isotopes
Authors: Nakata Ryu , Yoshinaga Naoko , Teraishi Masayoshi , Okumoto Yutaka , Huffaker Alisa , Schmelz Eric A , Mori Naoki
Published: April 2018

To aid in the identification and quantification of biologically and agriculturally significant natural products, tandem mass spectrometry can provide accurate structural information with high selectivity and sensitivity. In this study, diagnostic fragmentation patterns of isoflavonoids were examined by liquid chromatography-ion trap-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF-MS). The fragmentation scheme for [M+H−2CO]+ ions derived from isoflavones and [M+H−B-ring−CO]+ ions derived from 5-hydroxyisoflavones, were investigated using different isotopically labeled isoflavones, specifically [1′,2′,3′,4′,5′,6′,2,3,4-13C9] and [2′,3′,5′,6′,2-D5] isoflavones. Specific isotopically labeled isoflavones were prepared through the biosynthetic incorporation of pharmacologically applied 13C- and D-labelled L-phenylalanine precursors in soybean plants following the application of insect elicitors. Using this approach, we empirically demonstrate that the [M+H−2CO]+ ion is generated by an intramolecular proton rearrangement during fragmentation. Furthermore, [M+H−B-ring−CO]+ ion is demonstrated to contain a C2H moiety derived from C-ring of 5-hydroxyisoflavones. A mechanistic understanding of characteristic isoflavone fragmentation patterns contributes to the efficacy and confidence in identifying related isoflavones by LC-MSn.
Wireless SAW passive tag temperature measurement in the collision case
Authors: Sorokin A. , Shepeta A. , Wattimena M.
Published: April 2018

This paper describes temperature measurement in the multisensor systems based on the radio-frequency identification SAW passive tags which are currently applied in the electric power systems and the switchgears. Different approaches of temperature measurement in the collision case are shown here. The study is based on the tag model with specific topology, which allows us to determine temperature through the response signal with time-frequency information. This research considers the collision case for several passive tags as the temperature sensors which are placed in the switchgear. This research proposal is to analyze the possibility of using several SAW passive sensors in the collision case. We consider the using of the different typical elements for passive surface acoustic wave tag which applies as an anticollision passive sensor. These wireless sensors based on the surface acoustic waves tags contain specifically coded structures. This topology makes possible the reliability of increasing tag identification and the temperature measurement in the collision case. As the results for this case we illustrate simultaneous measurement of at least six sensors.
JRmGRN: joint reconstruction of multiple gene regulatory networks with common hub genes using data from multiple tissues or conditions
Authors: Deng Wenping , Zhang Kui , Liu Sanzhen , Zhao Patrick X , Xu Shizhong , Wei Hairong
Published: April 2018

Motivation

Joint reconstruction of multiple gene regulatory networks (GRNs) using gene expression data from multiple tissues/conditions is very important for understanding common and tissue/condition-specific regulation. However, there are currently no computational models and methods available for directly constructing such multiple GRNs that not only share some common hub genes but also possess tissue/condition-specific regulatory edges.

Results

In this paper, we proposed a new graphic Gaussian model for joint reconstruction of multiple gene regulatory networks (JRmGRN), which highlighted hub genes, using gene expression data from several tissues/conditions. Under the framework of Gaussian graphical model, JRmGRN method constructs the GRNs through maximizing a penalized log likelihood function. We formulated it as a convex optimization problem, and then solved it with an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. The performance of JRmGRN was first evaluated with synthetic data and the results showed that JRmGRN outperformed several other methods for reconstruction of GRNs. We also applied our method to real Arabidopsis thaliana RNA-seq data from two light regime conditions in comparison with other methods, and both common hub genes and some conditions-specific hub genes were identified with higher accuracy and precision.

Availability and implementation

JRmGRN is available as a R program from: https://github.com/wenpingd.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Efficient flexible backbone protein–protein docking for challenging targets
Authors: Marze Nicholas A , Roy Burman Shourya S , Sheffler William , Gray Jeffrey J
Published: April 2018

Motivation

Binding-induced conformational changes challenge current computational docking algorithms by exponentially increasing the conformational space to be explored. To restrict this search to relevant space, some computational docking algorithms exploit the inherent flexibility of the protein monomers to simulate conformational selection from pre-generated ensembles. As the ensemble size expands with increased flexibility, these methods struggle with efficiency and high false positive rates.

Results

Here, we develop and benchmark RosettaDock 4.0, which efficiently samples large conformational ensembles of flexible proteins and docks them using a novel, six-dimensional, coarse-grained score function. A strong discriminative ability allows an eight-fold higher enrichment of near-native candidate structures in the coarse-grained phase compared to RosettaDock 3.2. It adaptively samples 100 conformations each of the ligand and the receptor backbone while increasing computational time by only 20–80%. In local docking of a benchmark set of 88 proteins of varying degrees of flexibility, the expected success rate (defined as cases with ≥50% chance of achieving 3 near-native structures in the 5 top-ranked ones) for blind predictions after resampling is 77% for rigid complexes, 49% for moderately flexible complexes and 31% for highly flexible complexes. These success rates on flexible complexes are a substantial step forward from all existing methods. Additionally, for highly flexible proteins, we demonstrate that when a suitable conformer generation method exists, the method successfully docks the complex.

Availability and implementation

As a part of the Rosetta software suite, RosettaDock 4.0 is available at https://www.rosettacommons.org to all non-commercial users for free and to commercial users for a fee.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
D3NER: biomedical named entity recognition using CRF-biLSTM improved with fine-tuned embeddings of various linguistic information
Authors: Dang Thanh Hai , Le Hoang-Quynh , Nguyen Trang M , Vu Sinh T
Published: April 2018

Motivation

Recognition of biomedical named entities in the textual literature is a highly challenging research topic with great interest, playing as the prerequisite for extracting huge amount of high-valued biomedical knowledge deposited in unstructured text and transforming them into well-structured formats. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks have recently been employed in various biomedical named entity recognition (NER) models with great success. They, however, often did not take advantages of all useful linguistic information and still have many aspects to be further improved for better performance.

Results

We propose D3NER, a novel biomedical named entity recognition (NER) model using conditional random fields and bidirectional long short-term memory improved with fine-tuned embeddings of various linguistic information. D3NER is thoroughly compared with seven very recent state-of-the-art NER models, of which two are even joint models with named entity normalization (NEN), which was proven to bring performance improvements to NER. Experimental results on benchmark datasets, i.e. the BioCreative V Chemical Disease Relation (BC5 CDR), the NCBI Disease and the FSU-PRGE gene/protein corpus, demonstrate the out-performance and stability of D3NER over all compared models for chemical, gene/protein NER and over all models (without NEN jointed, as D3NER) for disease NER, in almost all cases. On the BC5 CDR corpus, D3NER achieves F1 of 93.14 and 84.68% for the chemical and disease NER, respectively; while on the NCBI Disease corpus, its F1 for the disease NER is 84.41%. Its F1 for the gene/protein NER on FSU-PRGE is 87.62%.

Availability and implementation

Data and source code are available at: https://github.com/aidantee/D3NER.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.