bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing Mobile Health Application Use Intention and Adoption Among Iraqian Older Adults: From the Perspective of Expanded Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Ali Saare Murtaja , Hussain Azham , Seng Yue Wong
Published: September 2019

The aim of this article is to discuss how different factors affect the decision of intention to use and adopt mobile health applications using the extended technology acceptance model (TAM) among older adults in Iraq. “Perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), subjective norm (SN), and facilitating conditions (FC)” were four key predictors. Gender and age were included as factors for moderating the impact of two key TAM components in the proposed model (PU and PEU) on intention to use and adoption behaviors. The results of the past studies indicated that PU, PEU and SN were important predictors of adoption of mobile health applications among older adults in Iraq, While PU, SN, and FC were important predictors of the intention to use mobile health applications. Previous studies highlighted a strong impact of PEU on the intention to use mobile health applications on older adults than for younger adults. Implications are discussed for future research and practices.
Prototype Development and Pre-Commercialization Strategies for Mobile Based Property Analytics
Authors: Omar Mohd Faizal , Mahathir Nurul Husna , Mohd Nawi Mohd Nasrun , Zulhumadi Faisal
Published: September 2019

No wadays, the government agencies are looking for strategies to strengthen their newly implemented policies for the nation building. The grassroots or the customer’s sentiments is very important to develop an inclusive policy with a mixed of bottom-up approach to incorporates the customer’s opinion. However, due to the unique political landscape and multiracial in Malaysia, current commercial off-the-shelf Social Analytics are irrelevant to capture the sentiments of multilingual characteristic for Malaysian native speakers. Current Social Analytic tool are lacking the quality of analysis for foreign languages such as Malay which limits the businesses to localize advertisement for a specific geographical area. Hence, this research is proposed to develop a real-time social media analytics tool with sentiment analysis specifically in Malaysian context in order to engage and analyze the customer reviews and opinions. The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate our approach to utilize data from social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter in gaining valuable insights to drive and improve marketing strategy in property industry. This research developed a tool namely Property Analytics to assess public sentiments on specific property project or services. The methodology and approach to enhance from lab scale to pre-commercialization activities are outlined in this paper. It is anticipates that our work is relevant to real world application, improve stakeholder’s decision making and people’s quality of life.
Femoral neck prostheses: A systematic analysis of the literature
Authors: Tsitlakidis Stefanos , Westhauser Fabian , Horsch Axel , Beckmann Nicholas , Bitsch Rudi , Klotz Matthias
Published: September 2019

Primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most successful surgical procedures. Considering the demographic change the use of new ultra-short femoral implants has gained importance especially when treating young patients. Main features are bone conservation, metaphyseal anchoring and thus reducing stress shielding by proximal load transferring. The objective of this study is to give an overview over the subject of femoral neck prostheses. A systematic review was conducted. A total number of 27 publications were taken into this systematic review. Over all, just a few follow-up, biomechanical and radiostereometric studies have been conducted in the past. Still no long-term results (>10 years of follow-up) are available. The available mid-term results indicate unsatisfactory survival rates. Aseptic loosening was the most common reason for revision. Valgus angle and good bone mineral density were considered to be crucial for primary stability of femoral neck prostheses. Register data report a very low percentage of femoral neck prostheses in THA with even more diminishing implantation rates. To conclude, further studies are necessary in order to provide evidence-based recommendations. Currently, due to the inhomogeneous and poor data a reasonable and legitimate recommendation cannot be given.
The relationship between marital status and employment in South Africa
Authors: Janse van Rensburg Caro C. , Claassen Carike , Fourie Alicia
Published: September 2019

Orientation: Marriage formalises gender roles in society and as such has a significant impact on the labour force. The institution does, however, change over time, which makes it important to continually assess the impact that it has.Research purpose: In this article, the impact of marital status on employment is gauged.Motivation for the study: Marriage is arguably one of the most engrained institutions in modern society. Understanding the link between the marriage institution and employment could be essential in understanding the social and economic externalities that policy could have.Research design, approach and method: Logistic regressions are used to analyse what the relationship between different marital statuses and employment is.Main findings: The findings show that women are least likely to be employed when they are married, whereas men are most likely to be employed when they are married.Practical/managerial implications: Marriage clearly influences the labour market outcomes of women differently than those of men. This is an important certitude, especially for policy-makers who have to consider how their policies will differently affect men and women, and thereby how those policies will either work against or for gender equality.Contribution/value-add: This article attempts to uncover the link between marital status and employment in South Africa and thereby realise the potential implications of changes in marriage patterns on employment patterns.
A local characterization of Kazhdan projections and applications
Authors: de la Salle Mikael
Published: September 2019

We give a local characterization of the existence of Kazhdan projections for arbitary families of Banach space representations of a compactly generated locally compact group

G

. We also define and study a natural generalization of the Fell topology to arbitrary Banach space representations of a locally compact group. We give several applications in terms of stability of rigidity under perturbations. Among them, we show a Banach-space version of the Delorme–Guichardet theorem stating that property (T) and (FH) are equivalent for

\sigma

-compact locally compact groups. Another kind of applications is that many forms of Banach strong property (T) are open in the space of marked groups, and more generally every group with such a property is a quotient of a compactly presented group with the same property. We also investigate the notions of central and non central Kazhdan projections, and present examples of non central Kazhdan projections coming from hyperbolic groups.
Sexualidade e religião na pós-modernidade: reflexões e avanços da teoria queer
Authors: Schmitt Elaine
Published: September 2019

Resenha do livro:SPARGO, Tamsin. Michel Foucault e a teoria queer. Trad. de Heci Regina Candiani. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2017. 96 páginas
Wearing the Cheongsam
Authors: Sim Cheryl
Published: September 2019

Associations between the cheongsam dress and Chinese cultural identity are well known but what are the meanings of the cheongsam for members of the Chinese diaspora? In a study grounded in first-hand accounts of wearing, Cheryl Sim explores the practices and experiences of women in Canada, a major Chinese diaspora, and carries out the first in-depth study of the cheongsam from this critical point of view.

Questions explored over the course of 20 interviews, as well as during personal reflections on the author’s own experiences of wearing, include: is there a desire to re-claim or appropriate the cheongsam? Does this desire risk perpetuating stereotypes of Asian women? Does it undermine one’s identification with one’s host country? Can erased heritage(s) be accessed through dress? And how does wearing the cheongsam interact with the male gaze? Revealing feelings of repulsion and attraction, Sim combines personal stories with an authoritative use of theoretical frameworks such as feminism, post-colonialism and autoethnography.

Covering issues such as heritage, ethnic identity, authenticity, nationalism, patriarchy and assimilation, Sim demonstrates that the meanings of the cheongsam are multifarious. Readable but with strong academic underpinnings, this book is the entry point into discussions of Chinese dress and diaspora.
New York New Wave
Authors: Battista Kathy
Published: September 2019

New York is a centre of creative production for an exciting, emerging generation of women artists. Their work investigates themes such as the body as medium and subject matter; the deconstruction of the existing patriarchal order of the art world; the appropriation of earlier art historical references; and the use of so-called abject and everyday materials.

New York New Wave investigates the relevance of earlier feminist practice for this 'new' generation, asking: Does gender difference still play a role in today's practice? How can younger women artists embrace a radical political ideology and yet remain market friendly? How far have these artists diverged from the established feminist “tradition”? Artists discussed include: Firelei Baez, EV Day, Ruby LaToya Fraser, Diana Al-Hadid, K8 Hardy, Valerie Hegarty, Cindy Hinant, Dawn Kasper, Anya Kielar, Liz Magic Laser, Narcissister, Alix Pearlstein, Aurel Schmidt, AL Steiner and W.A.G.E.
Lessons of the Financial Crisis for Future Regulation of Financial Institutions and Markets and for Liquidity Management
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

This paper seeks to draw lessons for financial sector regulation and supervision and central bank liquidity management from the ongoing crisis, focusing principally on implications for the future rather than on immediate crisis management policies. Inadequacies in macroeconomic policies and the design of the international financial architecture exposed in the crisis will also have to be addressed to make the suggested changes in the regulatory framework effective.
Assessing Reserve Adequacy - Further Considerations
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

Reserves remain a critical liquidity buffer for most countries. They are generally associated with lower crisis risks (crisis prevention) as well as space for authorities to respond to shocks (crisis mitigation). While other instruments, such as official credit lines and bilateral swap lines, are also external buffers, for most countries they principally act as a complement to their official reserves. For countries with sound fundamentals and a good policy framework, reserves provide policy makers with considerable space to respond to transitory shocks. However, this space diminishes as fundamentals deteriorate and the existence of adequate reserves does not, by itself, eliminate the risk of market pressures.
The Negative Mean Output Gap
Authors: Aiyar Shekhar , Voigts Simon
Published: September 2019

We argue that in an economy with downward nominal wage rigidity, the output gap is
negative on average. Because it is more difficult to cut wages than to increase them, firms
reduce employment more during downturns than they increase employment during
expansions. This is demonstrated in a simple New Keynesian model with asymmetric
wage adjustment costs. Using the model's output gap as a benchmark, we further show
that common output gap estimation methods exhibit a systematic bias because they
assume a zero mean. The bias is especially large in deep recessions when potential output
tends to be most severely underestimated.
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: September 2019

This is the first Article IV mission to DRC since June 2015. The inauguration of
President Tshisekedi in January 2019 marks the first peaceful transfer of power since
independence. He has pledged to improve governance and scale up public investment. Challenges abound. Poverty and unemployment are widespread.
Violent conflict persists in some regions, and the worst ever outbreak of the deadly
Ebola disease is ongoing. Dependence on mineral exports leaves DRC vulnerable to
commodity shocks. Tackling corruption and improving governance are imperative. The
main risks include an escalation of the Ebola epidemic; fiscal loosening leading to
monetization of budget deficits; a relapse in copper and cobalt prices; an intensification
of ongoing armed conflicts; and resistance to reform from vested interests.
Os paradoxos da deliberação judicial colegiada
Authors: Almeida Guilherme Da Franca Couto Fernandes de , Chrismann Pedro Henrique Veiga
Published: September 2019

Em alguns casos, há pouca convergência com relação aos fundamentos de uma dada decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Há vezes em que o tribunal sequer forma maioria com relação à razão de decidir, tornando extremamente difícil a aplicação de seus precedentes. Argumentamos que parte da causa desse problema está na aplicabilidade dos teoremas da impossibilidade de Arrow e de List e Pettit às decisões colegiadas judiciais. Ademais, veremos que embora esse sempre tenha sido (e provavelmente será) o caso, o problema se torna muito mais grave quando se aumentam as opções de fundamentação disponíveis ao juiz, como acontece em função da adoção da causa de pedir aberta nas ações de controle concentrado de constitucionalidade, nos casos de textos menos determinados ou na aplicação de técnicas como a declaração de nulidade parcial sem redução de texto.
Selective composition modification deposition utilizing ion bombardment-induced interfacial mixing during plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition
Authors: Hirayama Masaki , Sugawa Shigetoshi
Published: September 2019

We investigated the effects of low-energy (<15 eV) ion bombardment on the properties of Al2O3 plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) films. High-flux ion bombardment caused interfacial mixing with underlying material of Si, and AlSiO
x
films were formed instead of Al2O3 films. The interfacially mixed AlSiO
x
films were selectively formed on single-crystal and amorphous Si surfaces, whereas normal ALD Al2O3 films were formed on SiO2 surfaces. The interfacially mixed AlSiO
x
films possessed thin (∼0.8 nm) SiO
x
interlayers and abrupt interfaces. The interfacial mixing synthesis has the potential to realize simultaneous area and topographically selective depositions in combination with selective etching.
Porous Mo–Co–S Nanosheets on Carbon Cloth for All‐Solid‐State Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhou Xiaoya , Ren Yanfang , Lu Yao , Cheng Zijin , Wang Wenjun , Wang Qian , Huang Wei , Dong Xiaochen
Published: September 2019

High‐performance and flexible supercapacitors (SCs) have great potential for powering wearable and portable devices. Herein, Mo‐doped Co9S8 porous nanosheets on carbon cloth (denoted as Mo–Co–S/CC) are prepared for all‐solid‐state flexible asymmetric SCs via a two‐step method. Na2MoO4 is selected as both Mo source and etching agent to create Mo‐doped porous structure, which provides plenty of reaction sites contributing to the decrease of electrochemical barrier and increase of electrochemical performances. The Mo–Co–S/CC electrode demonstrates a high specific capacity of 771.5 F g−1 at 2 A g−1, excellent rate capability of 660.0 F g−1 at 20 A g−1, and 109% cycling capacitance retention after 30 000 cycles. By using poly(vinyl alcohol)/KOH (PVA/KOH) gel as electrolyte, a flexible all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor (Mo–Co–S/CC//KOH//AC/CC, FASCs) is assembled, which can work under different bending angles and deliver a specific capacitance of 37.37 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. Furthermore, the FASCs can deliver a maximum energy density of 14.68 Wh kg−1 at power density of 369 W kg−1, with the capacity retention of 80.07% over 30 000 cycles at a high rate of 20 A g−1.
Social contributions to the foraging behavior of young wild golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia): Age‐related changes and partner preferences
Authors: Rapaport Lisa G.
Published: September 2019

In cooperatively breeding species, group members other than the parents contribute to the care of the young. The costs and benefits to caregiving may vary with the type of care provided and with caregiver characteristics such as age, sex, reproductive status, and foraging ability. Here I examine the relative contributions of parents, helpers and same‐aged twins to the foraging and feeding activities of the young in a longitudinal study of wild golden lion tamarins, specifically with regard to direct food transfer, tolerance for coforaging or cofeeding by immatures and signaling young as to the location of profitable prey‐foraging sites. I found that the type of food‐related assistance varied as a function of the age of the immature and among group members. Rates of food transfer steadily declined as immatures aged, while coforaging rates peaked when juveniles were in the middle age group. Mothers and fathers were the most generous in terms of providing food to begging young. Mothers most often directed juveniles to productive foraging sites, and female helpers never did. Older siblings did not vary caregiving effort according to sex or age. Adult and subadult foraging ability was not a strong predictor of the rates at which prey was given to the young or the rates at which caregivers tolerated coforaging by immatures on plant and prey resources. Thus, foraging ability did not appreciably influence generosity to or tolerance of the young.
Durch definierte Rhodiumkomplexe vermittelte Polymerisationen
Authors: Tan Nicholas Sheng Loong , Lowe Andrew B.
Published: September 2019

Dieser Kurzaufsatz präsentiert den aktuellen Stand von (Co)polymerisationen, die von definierten Ethinyl‐, Vinyl‐ und Aryl‐RhI‐Komplexen vermittelt werden. Dabei konzentrieren wir uns auf RhI‐Verbindungen, die sich für die (Co)polymerisation von Phenylacetylenen, Arylisocyaniden sowie Propargylestern und ‐amiden eignen.
Atroposelective Arene Formation by Carbene‐Catalyzed Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Xu Ke , Li Wenchang , Zhu Shaoheng , Zhu Tingshun
Published: September 2019

Atroposelective arene formation is an efficient method to build axially chiral molecules with multi‐substituted arenes. Reported here is an organocatalyzed atroposelective arene formation reaction by an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed formal [4+2] cycloaddition of conjugated dienals and α‐aryl ketones. This study expands the synthetic potential of NHC organocatalysis and provides a competitive pathway for the synthesis of axially chiral ligands, catalysts, and other functional molecules.
The Simplest, Isolable, Alkynyl Isocyanate HC≡CNCO: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Qin Yuanyuan , Lu Bo , Rauhut Guntram , Hagedorn Manfred , Banert Klaus , Song Chao , Chu Xianxu , Wang Lina , Zeng Xiaoqing
Published: September 2019

Alkynyl isocyanates have been postulated as highly reactive intermediates in synthetic chemistry. Herein, the parent molecule HC≡CNCO is isolated for the first time. In sharp contrast to the previously reported short lifetime (ca. 15 s) at room temperature, we found that HC≡CNCO has a lifetime of 55 h in the gas phase (2 mbar, 300 K) with a melting point of −79.5 °C and vaporization enthalpy (ΔHvap) of 23.1(1) kJ mol−1. Apart from the IR (gas, solid, and matrix), 1H and 13C NMR, and UV/Vis spectroscopic characterization, its photoisomerization with a acylnitrene HC≡CC(O)N and cyanoketene NCC(H)CO has been observed.
Stabilization of Classical [B2H5]−: Structure and Bonding of [(Cp*Ta)2(B2H5)(μ‐H)L2] (Cp*=η5‐C5Me5; L=SCH2S)
Authors: Saha Koushik , Ghorai Sagar , Kar Sourav , Saha Suvam , Halder Rajarshi , Raghavendra Beesam , Jemmis Eluvathingal D. , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: September 2019

The room‐temperature reaction of [Cp*TaCl4] with LiBH4⋅THF followed by addition of S2CPPh3 results in pentahydridodiborate species [(Cp*Ta)2(μ,η2:η2‐B2H5)(μ‐H)(κ2,μ‐S2CH2)2] (1), a classical [B2H5]− ion stabilized by the binuclear tantalum template. Theoretical studies and bonding analysis established that the unusual stability of [B2H5]− in 1 is mainly due to the stabilization of sp2‐B center by electron donation from tantalum. Reactions to replace the hydrogens attached to the diborane moiety in 1 with a 2 e {M(CO)4} fragment (M=Mo or W) resulted in simple adducts, [{(Cp*Ta)(CH2S2)}2(B2H5)(H){M(CO)3}] (6: M=Mo and 7: M=W), that retained the diborane(5) unit.
Deoxyribozyme‐Based DNA Machines for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Nedorezova Daria D. , Fakhardo Anna F. , Molden Tatiana A. , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M.
Published: September 2019

Soon after their discovery, RNA‐cleaving deoxyribozymes (RCDZ) were explored as anticancer gene therapy agents. Despite low toxicity found in clinical trials, there is no clinically significant anticancer RCDZ‐based therapy. Some of the reported disadvantages of RCDZ agents include poor accessibility to folded nucleic acids, low catalytic efficiency inside cells, and problems of intracellular delivery. On the other hand, structural DNA nanotechnology provides an opportunity to build multifunctional nano‐associations that can address some of these problems. Herein we discuss the possibility of building RCDZ‐based multifunctional DNA nanomachines equipped with RNA unwinding, cancer marker recognition, and RCDZ‐based RNA‐cleavage functions. An important advantage of such “nanomachines” is the possibility to cleave a housekeeping gene mRNA in a cancer‐cell‐specific manner. The proposed design could become a starting point for building sophisticated DNA‐based nanodevices for cancer treatment.
Synthesis of N‐Alkyl and N‐H‐Carbazoles through SNAr‐Based Aminations of Dibenzothiophene Dioxides
Authors: Kaga Atsushi , Nogi Keisuke , Yorimitsu Hideki
Published: September 2019

Alkyl amines have become available for the synthesis of diverse N‐alkyl carbazoles through twofold SNAr aminations of dibenzothiophene dioxides by using alkali metal bases. Of particular importance is the choice of counter cations on alkali metal bases, that is, i) the use of Li base for the efficient intermolecular reaction and ii) the sequential addition of heavier alkali metal bases (Na, K, or Cs) to promote intramolecular cyclization in a one‐pot manner. This protocol also enables the cascade synthesis of N‐H‐carbazoles by using 2‐phenylethylamine by removal of the 2‐phenethyl group from N‐(2‐phenethyl) carbazoles in a single operation.
Internet‐assisted cognitive behavioral intervention for targeted therapy–related fatigue in chronic myeloid leukemia: Results from a pilot randomized trial
Authors: Jim Heather S. L. , Hyland Kelly A. , Nelson Ashley M. , Pinilla‐Ibarz Javier , Sweet Kendra , Gielissen Marieke , Bulls Hailey , Hoogland Aasha I. , Jacobsen Paul B. , Knoop Hans
Published: September 2019

Background

Fatigue is a common and disabling side effect of targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The goal of the current study was to conduct a pilot randomized trial of the first cognitive behavioral intervention developed for fatigue due to targeted therapy.

Methods

Patients with CML treated with a TKI who were reporting moderate to severe fatigue were recruited and randomized 2:1 to cognitive behavioral therapy for targeted therapy–related fatigue (CBT‐TTF) delivered via FaceTime for the iPad or to a waitlist control (WLC) group. The outcomes were acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy for fatigue (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue; primary outcome) and quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General; secondary outcome). Participants were assessed before randomization and after treatment (ie, approximately 18 weeks later).

Results

A total of 44 patients (mean age, 55 years; 48% female) were assigned to CBT‐TTF (n = 29) or WLC (n = 15). The study participation rate was 59%. Among the patients assigned to CBT‐TTF, 79% completed the intervention. Intent‐to‐treat analyses indicated that patients assigned to CBT‐TTF demonstrated greater improvements in fatigue (d = 1.06; P < .001) and overall quality of life (d = 1.15; P = .005) than those assigned to WLC. More patients randomized to CBT‐TTF than WLC demonstrated clinically significant improvements in fatigue (85% vs 29%) and quality of life (88% vs 54%; P values ≤ .016).

Conclusions

CBT‐TTF displays preliminary efficacy in improving fatigue and quality of life among fatigued patients with CML treated with TKIs. The findings suggest that a larger randomized study is warranted.
The application of current classification systems in pediatric cytopathology: Perspectives from the pediatric cytopathology symposium at the 20th International Congress of Cytology 2019
Authors: Monaco Sara E. , Baloch Zubair W. , Rossi Esther Diana , Teot Lisa A. , Wright Colleen
Published: September 2019

A pediatric cytopathology symposium was held at the recent 20th International Congress of Cytology, which convened in Sydney, Australia, in May 2019. This educational event brought together cytopathologists from different countries and different institutions to discuss some of the practical considerations when applying current diagnostic classification systems to cytopathology specimens from young (pediatric and adolescent) patients. Within the past decade, various classification systems have been developed to create more standardized terminology for cytopathology specimen reporting among institutions, which can lead to improved management guidelines based on evidence‐based medicine. It is well known that a majority of the peer‐reviewed publications in cytopathology discussing the usefulness of these classification schemes predominantly contain case cohorts of adult patients. Although pediatric cases are not excluded from following these diagnostic guidelines, there is less of an emphasis on this age group with respect to unique findings and management differences. Thus, discussing the role of these guidelines and their applications in pediatric cases at an international educational gathering can not only be beneficial in educating the cytopathology community about the value of applying these classification systems to pediatric populations, but also can raise awareness of unique entities in cytologic specimens obtained from young patients.
Recent Advances in Cathode Materials for Room‐Temperature Sodium−Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Dezhong , Li Zhen , Li Xiang , Cheng Zexiao , Yuan Lixia , Huang Yunhui
Published: September 2019

Room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT−Na/S) batteries hold great promise to meet the requirements of large‐scale energy storage due to their high theoretical energy density, low material cost, resource abundance, and environmental benignity. However, the poor cycle performance and low utilization of active sulfur greatly hinder their practical application. As the essential part directly related to the battery performance, the S‐based cathode has attracted tremendous research interests in recent years. This review highlights recent progress in cathode materials for RT−Na/S batteries. Particularly, basic insights into the Na/S reaction mechanism are presented and representative works on S‐based cathode materials are systematically summarized. The remaining challenges and developing trends of RT−Na/S batteries are also discussed. We hope this review can shed light on the field of next‐generation metal‐sulfur batteries.
Hybrid EUV Resists with Mixed Organic Shells: A Simple Preparation Method
Authors: Wu Lianjia , Liu Jeremy , Vockenhuber Michaela , Ekinci Yasin , Castellanos Sonia
Published: September 2019

Metal‐containing molecular hybrid compounds, such as metal oxoclusters (MOCs), are promising materials for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. The solubility, processability, and reactivity towards EUV photons in these compounds are mostly determined by the composition of their organic shells. Therefore, gaining molecular control on the composition of the shell is crucial to tune their lithographic performance of sensitivity, resolution, and line‐edge roughness. In this work, a new method to prepare MOCs that feature two types of carboxylate ligands is presented. In this method, amine‐functionalized resins are used for the purification step. By using this protocol, Ti‐ and Zr‐based MOCs with mixed‐ligands organic shells were synthesized. The new compounds showed clear differences in the processability and sensitivity as EUV resists compared to their analogues featuring only one type of ligand. The results validate this new synthetic approach for the preparation of custom‐made EUV resists towards better lithographic performance.
Crigler‐Najjar Syndrome Type 1: Pathophysiology, Natural History, and Therapeutic Frontier
Authors: Strauss Kevin A. , Ahlfors Charles E. , Soltys Kyle , Mazareigos George V. , Young Millie , Bowser Lauren E. , Fox Michael D. , Squires James E. , McKiernan Patrick , Brigatti Karlla W. , Puffenberger Erik G. , Carson Vincent J. , Vreman Hendrik J.
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims

We describe the pathophysiology, treatment, and outcome of Crigler‐Najjar type 1 syndrome (CN1) in 28 UGT1A1 c.222C>A homozygotes followed for 520 aggregate patient‐years.

Approach and Results

Unbound (“free”) bilirubin (Bf) was measured in patient sera to characterize the binding of unconjugated bilirubin (BT) to albumin (A) and validate their molar concentration ratio (BT/A) as an index of neurological risk. Two custom phototherapy systems were constructed from affordable materials to provide high irradiance in the outpatient setting; light dose was titrated to keep BT/A at least 30% below intravascular BT binding capacity (i.e., BT/A = 1.0). Categorical clinical outcomes were ascertained by chart review, and a measure (Lf) was used to quantify liver fibrosis. Unbound bilirubin had a nonlinear relationship to BT (R2 = 0.71) and BT/A (R2 = 0.76), and Bf as a percentage of BT correlated inversely to the bilirubin–albumin equilibrium association binding constant (R2 = 0.69), which varied 10‐fold among individuals. In newborns with CN1, unconjugated bilirubin increased 4.3 ± 1.1 mg/dL per day. Four (14%) neonates developed kernicterus between days 14 and 45 postnatal days of life; peak BT ≥ 30 mg/dL and BT/A ≥ 1.0 mol:mol were equally predictive of perinatal brain injury (sensitivity 100%, specificity 93.3%, positive predictive value 88.0%), and starting phototherapy after age 13 days increased this risk 3.5‐fold. Consistent phototherapy with 33‐103 µW/cm2•nm for 9.2 ± 1.1 hours/day kept BT and BT/A within safe limits throughout childhood, but BT increased 0.46 mg/dL per year to reach dangerous concentrations by 18 years of age. Liver transplantation (n = 17) normalized BT and eliminated phototherapy dependence. Liver explants showed fibrosis ranging from mild to severe.

Conclusion

Seven decades after its discovery, CN1 remains a morbid and potentially fatal disorder.
Chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells in a three‐dimensional environment
Authors: Salonius Eve , Kontturi Leena , Laitinen Anita , Haaparanta Anne‐Marie , Korhonen Matti , Nystedt Johanna , Kiviranta Ilkka , Muhonen Virpi
Published: September 2019

Cell therapy combined with biomaterial scaffolds is used to treat cartilage defects. We hypothesized that chondrogenic differentiation bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) in three‐dimensional biomaterial scaffolds would initiate cartilaginous matrix deposition and prepare the construct for cartilage regeneration in situ. The chondrogenic capability of human BM‐MSCs was first verified in a pellet culture. The BM‐MSCs were then either seeded onto a composite scaffold rhCo‐PLA combining polylactide and collagen type II (C2) or type III (C3), or commercial collagen type I/III membrane (CG). The BM‐MSCs were either cultured in a proliferation medium or chondrogenic culture medium. Adult human chondrocytes (ACs) served as controls. After 3, 14, and 28 days, the constructs were analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and confocal microscopy and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were measured. The differentiated BM‐MSCs entered a hypertrophic state by Day 14 of culture. The ACs showed dedifferentiation with no expression of chondrogenic genes and low amount of GAG. The CG membrane induced the highest expression levels of hypertrophic genes. The two different collagen types in composite scaffolds yielded similar results. Regardless of the biomaterial scaffold, culturing BM‐MSCs in chondrogenic differentiation medium resulted in chondrocyte hypertrophy. Thus, caution for cell fate is required when designing cell‐biomaterial constructs for cartilage regeneration.
Thermal Boundary Conductance and Phonon Transmission in Hexagonal Boron Nitride/Graphene Heterostructures
Authors: Brown David B. , Bougher Thomas L. , Zhang Xiang , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Cola Baratunde A. , Kumar Satish
Published: September 2019

Two‐dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) have attracted interest as a conductor/insulator pair in next‐generation devices because of their unique physical properties; however, the thermal transport at the interfaces must be understood to accurately predict the performance of heterostructures composed of these materials. Time‐domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) is used to estimate the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) at the interface of h‐BN and graphene to be 34.5 (+11.6/−7.4) MW m−2 K−1. The advantage of TDTR is that it does not need to create a large temperature gradient at the interface of heterostructures, but it has not yet been used for h‐BN/graphene interface. Phonon transmission and TBC at the h‐BN/graphene interface are predicted by two different formulations of the diffuse mismatch model (DMM) for anisotropic materials. The analysis of phonon transmission and temperature dependence of TBC establishes the flexural branch in theab‐plane, and thec‐plane longitudinal acoustic branch of graphene and h‐BN are the dominant contributors when implementing both the DMM models. The methodology developed herein can be used to analyze heterostructures of other 2D materials.
Macroscopic Study on Current Transport Path in Front‐Side Contacts of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Xiong Shenghu , Yuan Xiao , Yang Yunxia , Zhang Jiefeng , Tong Hua , Liu Cui , Ye Xiaojun , Li Shengyong , Luo Lan , Wang Xianhao
Published: September 2019

Double rectangular transmission line model and contact‐end voltage measurement are used to study the variation in sheet resistance and current transfer length of the contact interface between the front‐side electrode and the emitter of crystalline silicon solar cells during metallization. The current distribution and its relationship with the sheet resistances of the electrode, contact interface, and emitter are given at the macrolevel. The model shows that the current flows transversely for ≈50–500 μm in the highly conductive interface with a sheet resistance in the range of 0.5–5 Ω □−1 beneath the designed electrodes. The I–V curves beneath the front silver pad sintered at lower, optimum, and over‐fired temperatures are always linear. However, they are nonlinear between the front‐side and rear‐side electrodes of the double phosphorus‐doped N‐type silicon substrates, which suggests that the contact type changes from Ohmic to Schottky. The experimental results imply that the photogenerated current on the emitter surface is mainly transferred transversely via the crystallites embedded in the shallow highly doped silicon layer rather than the deeper lightly doped contact area at the contact interface.
Synthesis of Azo Schiff Base Ligands and Their Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) Metal Complexes as Highly‐Active Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Kasare Mangesh S. , Dhavan Pratik P. , Jadhav Bhaskar L. , Pawar Suresh D.
Published: September 2019

In the present work, a simple synthetic route was reported for the preparation of azo oxime based Schiff base ligands and their Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes. 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐5‐(phenyldiazenyl)benzaldehyde oxime (HL1) ligand was synthesized by condensing 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐5‐(phenyldiazenyl)benzaldehyde and hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in the molar ratio 1:1. Nitro and chloro substituted ligands, 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐5‐((4‐nitro‐phenylazo)benzaldehyde oxime (HL2) and 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐chloro‐phenylazo)benzaldehyde oxime (HL3) respectively, were also synthesized by the same method. The synthesized ligands were used to prepare metal complexes of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) which were characterized by various analysis techniques. Ligands and their metal complexes were tested for their in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Ligands shows good antibacterial activity and it increases remarkebly after metal complexetion with MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) ranging from 3.90 μM/mL to 125 μM/mL for Zn(II) metal complexes over standard broad spectrum drug chloramphenicol having MIC 386 μM/mL against gram positive as well as gram negative bacteria. Synthesized ligands showing good antioxidant property which is comparable to that of natural antioxidant Ascorbic acid.
Surface Electronic Structure Reconfiguration of Hematite Nanorods for Efficient Photoanodic Water Oxidation
Authors: Fu Yanming , Lu Ying-Rui , Ren Feng , Xing Zhuo , Chen Jie , Guo Penghui , Pong Way-Faung , Dong Chung-Li , Zhao Liang , Shen Shaohua
Published: September 2019

Hematite (α‐Fe2O3) is a promising candidate as a semiconducting photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, its PEC performance is much limited by the sluggish charge transfer kinetics at the α‐Fe2O3/electrolyte interface. Herein, an insulative metal oxide, hafnium dioxide (HfO2), is deposited on the surface of α‐Fe2O3 to engineer the photoelectrode/electrolyte interfacial electronic structure. With the conformal HfO2 overlayer coating, the surface defects of α‐Fe2O3 are effectively passivated, whereas the charge migration from α‐Fe2O3 to the electrolyte is blocked by the continuous HfO2 overlayer, leading to a moderate PEC enhancement. In contrast, with HfO2 nanoparticles deposited, the photogenerated holes are not only effectively extracted from the bulk of α‐Fe2O3 but are also promptly injected into the electrolyte for water oxidation, due to the reconfigurated surface electronic structure. Consequently, the HfO2 nanoparticles‐decorated α‐Fe2O3 photoanode achieves an onset potential cathodic shift by 180 mV and a 460% photocurrent density enhancement, reaching up to 1.20 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode as compared with pristine α‐Fe2O3. An alternative approach to engineer the photoelectrode/electrolyte interfacial electronic structure to improve the PEC performance for water splitting is demonstrated herein.
Deconvolution of Transient Species in a Multivalent Fuel‐Driven Multistep Assembly under Dissipative Conditions
Authors: Shandilya Ekta , Maiti Subhabrata
Published: September 2019

Multivalent chemical fuel driven transient assembly plays a critical role in biological processes. This inspires chemists to design synthetic systems having transient and dynamic functionalities. However, a detailed understanding about the temporal evolution of each of the intermediate species in a multi‐step assembly under dissipative conditions has not yet been explored. Herein, we have shown under dissipative conditions, how the strength of dissipation can modulate the compositional behavior of each of the intermediate species during their survival period by using kinetic modeling (with Python). We have observed that the appearance and disappearance of intermediates (formed either at the first or penultimate assembly step) are highly non‐linear in nature, and it is possible to trap any of the desired intermediates or a mixture of them of certain compositions at a definite time interval simply by tuning the strength of dissipation.
Preferences and beliefs of Dutch orthopaedic surgeons and patients reduce the implementation of “Choosing Wisely” recommendations in degenerative knee disease
Authors: Rietbergen T. , Diercks R. L. , Anker-van der Wel I. , van den Akker-van Marle M. E. , Lopuhaä N. , Janssen R. P. A. , van der Linden-van der Zwaag H. M. J. , Nelissen R. G. H. H. , Marang-van de Mheen P. J. , van Bodegom-Vos L.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess which factors were associated with the implementation of “Choosing Wisely” recommendations to refrain from routine MRI and arthroscopy use in degenerative knee disease.

Methods

Cross-sectional surveys were sent to 123 patients (response rate 95%) and 413 orthopaedic surgeons (response rate 62%) fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with implementation of “Choosing Wisely” recommendations.

Results

Factors reducing implementation of the MRI recommendation among patients included explanation of added value by an orthopaedic surgeon [OR 0.18 (95% CI 0.07–0.47)] and patient preference for MRI [OR 0.27 (95% CI 0.08–0.92)]. Factors reducing implementation among orthopaedic surgeons were higher valuation of own MRI experience than existing evidence [OR 0.41 (95% CI 0.19–0.88)] and higher estimated patients’ knowledge to participate in shared decision-making [OR 0.38 (95% CI 0.17–0.88)]. Factors reducing implementation of the arthroscopy recommendation among patients were orthopaedic surgeons’ preferences for an arthroscopy [OR 0.03 (95% CI 0.00–0.22)] and positive experiences with arthroscopy of friends/family [OR 0.03 (95% CI 0.00–0.39)]. Factors reducing implementation among orthopaedic surgeons were higher valuation of own arthroscopy experience than existing evidence [OR 0.17 (95% CI 0.07–0.46)] and belief in the added value [OR 0.28 (95% CI 0.10–0.81)].

Conclusions

Implementation of “Choosing Wisely” recommendations in degenerative knee disease can be improved by strategies to change clinician beliefs about the added value of MRIs and arthroscopies, and by patient-directed strategies addressing patient preferences and underlying beliefs for added value of MRI and arthroscopies resulting from experiences of people in their environment.

Level of evidence

IV.
From plants to feces: pilot applications of FTIR spectroscopy for studies on the foraging ecology of an avian herbivore
Authors: Nopp-Mayr U. , Zohmann-Neuberger M. , Tintner J. , Kriechbaum M. , Rosenberger R. , Nopp H. , Bosa A. , Smidt E.
Published: September 2019

Studies on the foraging ecology of wildlife species are of fundamental importance, as foraging decisions are closely linked to ecological key issues such as resource partitioning or population dynamics. Using Black grouse as a model system, we applied Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) to address some key questions in foraging ecology: (1) does FTIRS allow for determining plant taxa and plant parts? Can FTIRS suggest variation in digestibility of food and physiological mechanisms of consumers? (2) Can FTIRS be used to track changes in diets among populations? (3) Can FTIRS capture plants' phenology and shifts in diet? To answer these questions, we analyzed crop and gizzard contents of Black grouse via FTIRS looking for specific spectra and bands of plant taxa and plant parts. We compared spectral signals of undigested plant material and intestinal droppings, gained from wild-living birds and from aviaries. Our analyses yielded characteristic spectral fingerprints for several food plants and plant parts. Spectral fingerprints could differentiate between needles of J. communis and P. mugo and between fruits of J. communis, Sorbus sp., and Vaccinium sp. Spectral signals differed more between undigested material and crop samples than between crop and gizzard samples. Differences were more pronounced for berries than for needles. Apart from these differences, some fingerprints persisted for certain food items. The diverse foraging regime of wild-living individuals compared to captive Black grouse was reflected by spectral signals. Thus, FTIRS is a promising approach to explore variation in food choice of grouse species by means of non-invasively gained fecal samples.
Structural and chemical comparison between moderately oxygenated and edge oxygenated graphene: mechanical, electrical and thermal performance of the epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Vryonis Orestis , Andritsch Thomas , Vaughan Alun S. , Lewin Paul L.
Published: September 2019

Two different graphitic powders, namely: moderately-oxidized graphene oxide (mGO) synthesized via a chromium-based technique and a commercial edge-oxidized graphene oxide (eGO), were characterized and incorporated into an epoxy resin, suitable for wind turbine blade structural components. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis revealed low oxygen content, but divergent structural characteristics for both powders confirming the increased basal-plane functionality of mGO compared to the peripherally decorated eGO. It is also shown that the eGO, displays carbon-based impurities. The inclusion of mGO, into the epoxy resulted in an initial glass transition temperature (Tg) increase (~ 5 °C at 4.4 vol.% mGO) but thereafter Tg decreased sharply. On the contrary, the inclusion of eGO resulted only in a progressive Tg increase. Introduction of just 1 vol.% of eGO deteriorated the tensile strength (~ 15% reduction) of the epoxy, while the strength of the mGO-filled samples was retained. Inclusion of mGO results in a percolation threshold (increase from 4.6 × 10−16 to 6 × 10−9 S/cm) at 0.53 vol.%; in contrast, at the same filler content, the eGO-filled systems are characterized by drastically lower conductivity values (3.4 × 10−16 S/cm). Nevertheless, further analysis indicates similar intrinsic conductivity (~ 10−6 S/cm) for the two fillers. Finally, the maximum achieved thermal conductivity increase with mGO was 200% (at 9.13 vol.%) compared with the unfilled epoxy, while the respective increase with eGO was 150% (at 18 vol.%).