bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fellini's 8½: Dreams, guilt, casting and 'the code of codes' of the cinematographic image
Authors: Meiri Sandra , Raz Odeya Kohen
Published: December 2019

This article argues that Guido's two dreams in Federico Fellini's 8½ reflect guilt stemming from his inability to meet his mother's expectations to remain chaste and pure. This is a faulty belief based on an early childhood memory representing Guido's mixed feelings of sexual exaltation and shame, resulting in fantasies that attempt to solve the riddle of his mother's desire. The film thus raises the question of fantasy 'what does the Other want from me?' and shows that assuming to know the answer involves guilt, stagnation and indecisiveness. This becomes evident in the screentests scene near the end of the film, when Guido cannot decide which actresses will play the roles of the characters duplicating the women in his life. The screen tests are 'textual mise en abymes', reflecting not only Guido's life but also the basic code of the medium, i.e., the cinematographic image: reproduction, which precedes the cinematic language, is composed of a denotative code (a referent – the actor in front of the camera) and a connotative code (cultural, including film iconography). Film can thus materialize fantasy through casting, which involves a level of concretization, by predicting what the audience wants. Therefore, guilt is an inherent part of the cinematographic image. Where Guido fails in choosing the 'right' actresses, because of his guilt, Fellini, having worked through his own guilt, thrives. This suggests that setting free the filmmaker's imagination and creative forces depends on ridding oneself of the guilt inherent in the translation of an image from fantasy to film.
The 'angelification' of girls: Winx Club as a neo-liberal Catholic project
Authors: Marini-Maio Nicoletta , Nerenberg Ellen
Published: December 2019

This article examines and contextualizes the socio-economic model and values system from which the transmedial, transnational text that we call the Winx Project derives and in which it is produced. The Winx Project centres on an animated television series for girls and tweens, Winx Club, produced in Italy and distributed in 150 countries worldwide, but includes spin-off television formats, films, live and interactive entertainments, an amusement park and merchandising and fashion to compose a multifaceted, multiple 'text'. This plural text is employed to measure the functionality of the Winx Club within a global and transnationalized discourse of neo-liberal economics on the one hand and, on the other, a local context that reaches deep into the regional character of Social Catholicism to purvey on a global scale its ethics and values system.
A threefold adaptation: Mario Martone's Leopardi
Authors: Mirra Alessandra
Published: December 2019

This article explores how Martone's seemingly traditional period biopic of nineteenth-century Italian poet Giacomo Leopardi challenges the conventions of the genre, and could be read, instead, as an interesting case of cinematic adaptation on at least three different levels. I propose that Il giovane favoloso (Leopardi) is a film that, as a biopic, can be understood as an adaptation of a life experience – an adaptation that, in its cinematic construction, expresses an awareness of the biopic as a film genre that can only perform a representational version of a life. Secondarily, Leopardi is a film that engages with an array of cinematic strategies to 'give body' to Leopardi's lyrical texts, turning his lines into a sensorial experience. Finally, it is a film that not only 'translates' specific literary texts in images but also expresses the overall development of Leopardi's poetics into a distinctly cinematic syntax.
The impassive gaze
Authors: Betancourt Michael
Published: December 2019

Andy Warhol Eating a Hamburger evokes an empirical gaze that is not transcendental or metaphysical, but specifically about the physical body and its responses. This documentary impulse focuses directly on how the audience imposes order on what they see.
Adaptation and audio-visual apophasis in Bullet in the Brain
Authors: Rossouw Martin P.
Published: December 2019

Bullet in the Brain adapts the key rhetorical figure of apophasis from Tobias Wolff's short story into a remarkable interrelation between sound and picture: an 'audiovisual apophasis', in which a series of memories negated by voice-over narration finds visual expression – and further accentuation – as a result of that very negation.
Pemberdayaan Berbasis Partisipasi Masyarakat Melalui Program Kampung Ramah Anak di Badran Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Rafika Perdana Fahmi
Published: December 2019

Social participation is a model of the community empowerment process. This is one of a direct program which is an impact on well-being improvement. This analysis was supported to explains community development basics of participation through Kampung Ramah Anak program in Badran Village of Yogyakarta City. Qualitative methods with collecting data of observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation are using as an interpretation of data. This study is seeking the program management it which isn’t optimality. This criterion has been founded by program continuing with early childhood education programs activity, Posyandu, and Bank Sampah. The activities have anomaly because it still depends to fund of government charity. After that can be analysis, an anomaly has been influencing society awareness lowly to follow the activities by participative. Besides, society has still had potential to grow up participation optimality, i.e. the potentiality is supporting by any group, community, and social institution. Otherwise, the society has had though, carrying attitude, and spirit part of citizenship to empowerment program. For the optimality of Badran society spirit is needs of the government to involving academics and non-government organizations. It is very important to building of development step and accompaniment that as a spirit of simultaneous. Furthermore, the people also creation of program innovation without big budgeting but right on target and useful.       Partisipasi masyarakat masih menjadi model pelaksanaan pemberdayaan, terutama program yang berkaitan dengan kesejahteraan anak. Analisis inilah yang mendorong peneliti untuk mengkaji pelaksanaan pemberdayaan berbasis partisipasi masyarakat melalui program “Kampung Ramah Anak” di Badran Rukun Warga 11 Kota Yogyakarta. Metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi digunakan sebagai bahan analisa. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan program tersebut berjalan kurang maksimal. Kriteria ini dibuktikan dengan berjalannya program inti seperti kegiatan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Posyandu, dan Bank Sampah. Namun kegiatan inti tersebut mengalami anomali karena masih begantung pada bantuan dana pemerintah. Setelah dianalisis, anomali disebabkan masih rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat untuk mengikuti kegiatan secara partisipatif. Meskipun demikian, masyarakat masih memiliki potensi untuk lebih optimal dalam berpartisipasi, yaitu didukung oleh banyaknya kelompok, komunitas, dan kelembagaan masyarakat yang ada. Disamping itu, masih terdapat potensi pemikiran, sikap kepedulian, dan semangat sebagian masyarakat terhadap program pemberdayaan. Untuk mengoptimalkan pemberdayaan partisipatif masyarakat Badran, pemerintah perlu melibatkan peran akademisi dan swasta. Hal ini penting sebagai stimulan untuk membangun step pemberdayaan dan pendampingan. Selain itu, masyarakat juga hendaknya menciptakan inovasi program tanpa pendanaan besar atau low budgeting namun tepat sasaran dan bermanfaat.
Hipoglikemia Berat pada Pasien Syok Sepsis karena Perforasi Gaster
Authors: Karema Andre Ferdinand , Rahardjo Eddy , Airlangga Prananda Surya , Semedi Bambang Pujo
Published: December 2019

Latar Belakang: Secara umum pasien kritis dengan syok septik mengalami hiperglikemia. Hipoglikemia berat sangat jarang terjadi pada pasien kritis. Pada penelitian Bagshaw dkk, hipoglikemia berat terjadi sekitar  1,4 % dari populasi pasien kritis. Hipoglikemia berat disebabkan gagal hati fulminan atau gagal adrenal,  syok septik, dan  komorbid berat (malnutrisi, sirosis hati, gagal ginjal kronik).Pasien perforasi gaster  yang dirawat di ruang intensif emergensi RSUD Dr. Sutomo selama  satu tahun (2017)  berjumlah  11 pasien. Pada laporan kasus ini 3  pasien mengalami hipoglikemia dimana 2 diantaranya hipoglikemia berat.Pada umumnya pasien kritis dengan syok sepsis mengalami hiperglikemia, namun pada 3 pasien  terjadi hipoglikema dan 2 di antaranya hipoglikemia berat .Kasus: Tiga kasus dilaporkan sebagai pasien hipoglikemia berat yang mengalami  syok septik disebabkan perforasi gaster. Ketiga pasien dengan mengalami acute kidney injury, hipoalbumin, serta mendapat support ventilator.Diskusi: Hipoglikemia harus segera diatasi untuk mencegah komplikasi yang tidak diinginkan. Pasien yang tidak mendapat asupan glukose selama 2 hari harus segera diberikan asupan. Bila hipoglikemia terjadi maka mortalitas akan meningkat 40% dan hipoglikemia berat akan meningkat sampai 80%. Penyebab Hipoglikemia paling banyak antara lain  acute kidney injury, hipoalbumin, dan ventilasi mekanik.Kesimpulan: Apabila dijumpai pasien kritis perforasi gaster, laparatomi, acute kidney injury, puasa dan menggunakan mekanikal ventilator sebaiknya kadar gula darah diperiksa seawal mungkin dan berulang. Apabila pasien mengalami hipoiglikemia, pasien diterapi secepatnya untuk meningkatkan gula darah, serta perlu diberikan asupan glukosa yang memadai.
Perubahan Klasifikasi Metafora Pada Novel Laskar Pelangi Karya Andrea Hirata Versi Bahasa Jepang Berdasarkan Fungsi Kognitifnya
Authors: Irwan Irwan , Pujiono Muhammad
Published: December 2019

(The Changes of Metaphor Classification in Laskar Pelangi Novelby Andrea Hirata Japanese Language Version BasedonTheir Cognitive Functions) This article analyzed the changes in the classification of metaphorical expressions contained in the Laskar Pelangi novel based on their cognitive functions after being translated into the Japanese version. The theory used in this research is the classification theory of metaphor based on its cognitive function proposed by Kovecses (2010). This study uses a qualitative research approach with a descriptive type of research, while the method and data analysis uses interactive data analysis models from Miles, Huberman and Saldana (2014). The results of the data analysis showed that of 505 data found, there were 15 classifications of metaphor changes based on their cognitive functions, they are structural metaphors changed to structural metaphors consist of  95 data (18.8%), ontological metaphors to ontological metaphors consist of 151 data (29.9%), orientational metaphors to orientational metaphors consist of  5 data (1.0%), structural metaphor became ontological metaphor consist of 11 data (2.2%), structural metaphor became orientational metaphor consist of 2 data (0.4%), structural metaphor became simile consist of 2 data (0, 4%), structural metaphor becomes non-metaphoric consist of 67 data (13.3%), structural metaphor that was not translated consist of 4 data (0.8%), ontological metaphor became structural metaphors consist of 21 data (4.2%), ontological metaphor became orientational metaphor consist of 5 data (1,0%), ontological metaphor became simile consist of 10 data (2.0%), ontological metaphor became non metaphoric expression consist of 102 data (20.2%), untranslated ontological metaphor consist of 21 data (4.2%), orientational metaphor became non-metaphorical consist of 8 data (1.6%), and orientational metaphor became simile consist of 1 data (0.2%).
Wajah Jepang pada Era Heisei
Authors: Ratna Maharani Patria
Published: December 2019

The Heisei era had changed to the Reiwa era in 2019. All the Japanese people entered a new phase of the Japanese imperial era. Emperor Akihito wanted to abdicate for health reasons, so the throne was replaced by emperor Naruhito. This study aims to look back at any significant events that occurred in the Heisei era. The method used is this research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collected by the literature method through several articles about the Heisi era. The results of this study indicates that overall it can be said that peace has been achieved in Japan. The Heisei Era is an era filled with economic turmoil and disasters in Japan. In addition, the Heisei era also still leaves a heavy task for the Reiwa era, that is economic improvement after the economic bubble to revive the Japanese economy as before. Heisei era is indeed full of challenges for Japan, but international confidence in Japan is very high. By advancing its technological progress, Japan managed to become the organizer of the winter olympics in 1998 and the world cup in 2002.
Does ozone treatment of maize seeds influence their germination and growth energy?
Authors: NORMOV Dmitry , CHESNIUK Evgenii , SHEVCHENKO Andrey , NORMOVA Tatiana , GOLDMAN Raisa , POZHIDAEV Denis , BOHINC Tanja , TRDAN Stanislav
Published: December 2019

This article evaluated the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with electroozonation. A full factor experiment on the influence of the parameters of the technological process of electroozone treatment on the sowing qualities of maize seeds was carried out. Based on the experimental data, the effect of ozone concentration, treatment time and the time before sowing and after treatment on the germination ability, germination energy and growing energy of maize seeds was determined. According to the results of the study, the corresponding regression equations were calculated, graphical dependencies were constructed and method parameters for the pre-sowing treatment of maize seeds with ozone were determined.
Bound phenolic compounds of whole cereal grains as a functional food component: part two
Authors: TERPINC Petra
Published: December 2019

Since they are eaten regularly, cereals based food make a significant contribution to the daily energy intake, meanwhile in whole-grain form they contribute to higher micronutrients intake that refined cereal products. The bound phenolic compounds, which are accumulated in cereal bran, play a key role in the duodenum, where they are transformed to the absorbable metabolites by microbial fermentation. In part two, an analysis of phenolic compounds is presented, with emphasis on the hydrolysis and extraction procedure for bound phenolic compounds, their quantification and identification. Due to poor bioavailability of non-extractable phenolic compounds, which critically limits the exploitation of their wide potential, the article also discusses techniques and new strategies that enable the release of phenolic compounds from insoluble bound forms during food processing. Two current approaches, germination and fermentation, are presented in more details. With transformation of bound phenolic compounds to more easily accessible free phenolic compounds, we also benefit from their antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy in addition to a favorable anti-cancer effect on the colon. The awareness of consumers and their demand for healthier foods led to the exploration and incorporation of natural ingredients in the production of value added products. The extraction of ferulic acid from whole grain cereal products and its incorporation in functional food products is definitely an important area of future research.
Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] production in Japan: Present state, problems and prospects
Authors: MIKAMI Tetsuo , TSUTSUI Sakio
Published: December 2019

Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott], a member of the family Araceae, is a vegetatively propagated crop with edible tubers (corms and cormels), petioles and leaf blades. Available evidence suggests that taro originated in South Central Asia, probably in the tropical region from India to Indonesia. The crop is considered to have reached Japan by the 10th century B. C.. In Japan, taro was a regional staple crop before the beginning of rice cultivation, but it is nowadays grown as a root vegetable. The corms and cormels of taro are an excellent source of carbohydrates and rich in essential minerals, vitamins and dietary fiber. Additionally, Japanese people have formed socio-cultural connections to the crop since olden times; taro has been served in traditional feasting and seasonal events. Despite having so much value, taro cultivation has shown declining trends in the past several decades. It should also be noted that little attention has been devoted to the genetic improvement of taro. In this review, an attempt is made to collect information about the commercial production and uses of Japanese taros as well as agronomic characteristics of leading cultivars, with the expectation that the synthesized information will aid in understanding the problems and prospects of taro cultivation in Japan.
Cadmium toxicity in African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (HOCHST. EX A.RICH.) HARMS genotypes
Authors: OKOYE Pascal Chukwuebuka , ANOLIEFO Geoffery Obinna , IKHAJIAGBE Beckley , OHANMU Edokpolor Osaze , IGIEBOR Francis Aibuedefe , ALIU Ephraim
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study was to investigate the growth responses of African yam bean (Sphenostylis sternocarpa (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Harms (AYB) to cadmium pollution. Top garden soil (0 – 10 cm) was obtained as pooled and polluted with cadmium (as CdCl2) at the rate of 12 mg kg-1, which is equivalent to 3 times the ecotoxicological screening value of Cd. The polluted soils were made ready for use 3 days later. Nine selected AYB accessions (TSs-87, TSs-89, TSs-90, TSs-91, TSs-92, TSs-93, TSs-94, TSs-95, and TSs-96) were pre-soaked for 30 minutes and then sown in the polluted and unpolluted soils. Data collected were subjected to ANOVA, and means were separated at 95 % confidence interval. Results showed that incidence of cadmium pollution significantly delayed seedling emergence in all tested AYB accessions by at least one day (p < 0.05). Despite exposure to Cd, TSs-96 attained 50 % emergence faster than other accessions. Although there were general reductions in yield due to exposure to Cd, TSs-92 showed the least percentage yield reduction (50 %), compared to 74 % yield reduction in TSs-93, thereby suggesting a comparatively better yield capacity compared to the other test accessions. Overall, decrease in total chlorophyll content seems to be the major reason of injury in Cd-exposed plants.
The effect of biorational insecticides on the citrus aphids and their predator, Coccinella septempunctata L.
Authors: AMIRI BESHELI Behnam , TOORANI Amir Hossein , ABBASIPOUR Habib
Published: December 2019

To determine selective effectiveness for specific pesticides on biological control species, we evaluated the contact toxicity of different treatments including 10 ml l-1 dishwashing liquid, Dayabon 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 ml l-1, Palizin 1.5, 2.5 and 2.5 ml l-1, Palizin 1.5, 2 and 2.5­+­Citrol oil 5 ml l-1, Tondoxir 2 and 3­+­Bartar soap 1 ml l-1, Malathion 2 ml l-1 and control (water) on the adult aphids of the most important citrus gardens and their predator, Coccinella septempunctata L. in the laboratory conditions. The results revealed that the Palizin treatment 2.5­+­Citrol oil 5 ml l-1, caused the highest rate of the mortality of the citrus green aphid, Aphis spiraecola Patch, 1914 in 36 hours. Concentrations of 7 to 10 ml l-1, Dayabon and Palizin 2.5­+­Citrol oil 5 ml l-1, as well as 3 ml-1 Tondexir + Bartar soap 1 ml-1 had the highest mortality of the citrus brown aphid, Aphis citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907), 36 hours after treatment (100 %). In addition, the treatments of Palizin 2 ml-1­+ Citrol oil of 5 ml-1, as well as 2 ml l-1 Tondexir­+­Bartar soap 1 ml l-1 and concentrations of 5 ml l-1 and 6 ml-1 of Dayabon produced the same amount of the mortality of the citrus black aphid, Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841). Tondexir 3 ml l-1­+­Bartar soap 1 ml l-1 in 24 hours after treatment caused the highest rate of the mortality of the cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (83.88 %). Malathion treatment caused a 100 % mortality of the predator ladybird 36 hours after treatment, while the lowest amount was observed in the Dayabon at 10 ml l-1 with 33.34 % mortality.
Static testing evaluation of pipe conveyor belt for different tensioning forces
Authors: Molnár Vieroslav , Sabovčík Martin
Published: December 2019

The paper analyzes static tests of pipe conveyors using various statistical indicators and points out the mutual interactions between individual roller stands. Individual measurements were performed on a physical model of a pipe conveyor, while the methodology and procedure were verified by experiments. 15 repetitions of the given series of measurements were selected, which was a compromise between time demands and statistical requirement. Normal contact forces on the individual rollers of three hexagonal roller stands acting on the conveyor belt for different tension forces in the static state (conveyor belt without movement and without transported material) were evaluated. The LabVIEW Signal Express 2010 program from the National Instruments Company was used to record the measured data. The measurements were evaluated by Microsoft Office Excel.
汉语在美国：民族语言的视角
Authors: 云 萧
Published: December 2019

汉语是世界上使用者最多的语言，世界约五分之一的人口使用汉语，其中包括 13 亿中国人。在美国，汉语是仅次于英语和西班牙语的第三大语言。随着中国崛起，汉语以及汉语社区随之凸显。世纪之交见证了汉语这个一直在美国被忽视的 “不常教” 语言上升为对美国国家安全和繁荣至为关键的语言。学汉语，不再仅仅是华人移民家庭的事情，而成为美国主流议程的一个焦点问题。因此，汉语获得了前所未有的机构支持。在大学以及从幼儿园到高中的全日制公立学校，汉语正随着各类项目和招生的迅速增长而成为一个不断扩展的领域。有史以来，汉语首次拥有了像西班牙语、法语、德语等传统欧洲语言在美国长期具有的地位，有望提升为 “普遍教授” 的语言。
Reflexionen über den Umgang mit Geschichte – der Film Hannah Arendt im DaF-Unterricht
Authors: Arendt Christine
Published: December 2019

In diesem Beitrag soll dargestellt werden, wie der Film Hannah Arendt (Regie: Margarethe von Trotta, 2012) im DaF-Unterricht an Universitäten eingesetzt werden kann. In einer Filmanalyse werden die ästhetischen Eigenschaften des Films untersucht, aber auch, inwiefern der Film die Wertung von Geschichte und den Umgang mit ihr thematisiert. In einem zweiten Schritt wird eine Unterrichtseinheit an der Università Cattolica in Mailand vorgestellt und aufgezeigt, wie der Film zur Reflexion über das Böse und die Verantwortung des Einzelnen für sein Handeln anregt und zugleich die Perspektivität von Geschichtsbetrachtung bewusst macht. Anhand von schriftlichen Texten von Studierenden wird kulturreflexives Lernen rekonstruktiv nachvollziehbar gemacht.
Correlation between endometrial thickness and perinatal outcome for pregnancies achieved through assisted reproduction technology
Authors: He Liren , Zhang Zheng , Li Hongmei , Li Yuyan , Long Ling , He Wei
Published: December 2019

Objective

To explore the relationship between endometrial thickness and perinatal outcome in assisted reproductive techniques (ART).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 1139 infertile women who underwent ART treatment from January 2011 to July 2014. Four groups were divided by endometrial thickness on the human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) trigger day in fresh embryo transfer cycles or on the progesterone administration day in frozen embryo transfer cycles, as group A (<8 mm), group B (8–10 mm), group C (10–14 mm) and group D (≥14 mm). Two other groups were delineated according to whether uterine lesions were present. The incidence of premature rupture of membranes (PROM), postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and other common perinatal complications were observed subsequently.

Results

It was found that the highest incidence of PROM and PPH was in group A (P < 0.05). The incidence of PROM in group B was higher than in groups C and D (P < 0.05). The occurrence of mothers entering the intensive care unit (ICU) was significantly higher in group A than in group B (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in other adverse outcomes. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse perinatal outcome when the endometrial thickness of pre-implantation was not attenuated by uterine lesions.

Conclusion

The incidence of PROM and PPH increased significantly when the thickness of the endometrium was less than 10 mm before implantation. Correspondingly, the number of mothers treated in the ICU was also higher under these circumstances. To reduce such perinatal placenta-related complications, we should maximize the thickness of the endometrium before transplantation of embryos.
Delivery room handling of the newborn
Authors: Marshall Stephanie , Lang Astri Maria , Perez Marta , Saugstad Ola D.
Published: December 2019

For newly born babies, especially those in need of intervention at birth, actions taken during the first minute after birth, the so-called “Golden Minute”, can have important implications for long-term outcomes. Both delivery room handling, including identification of maternal and infant risk factors and provision of effective resuscitation interventions, and antenatal care decisions regarding antenatal steroid administration and mode of delivery, are important and can affect outcomes. Anticipating risk factors for neonates at high risk of requiring resuscitation can decrease time to resuscitation and improve the prognosis. Following a review of maternal and fetal risk factors affecting newborn resuscitation, we summarize the current recommendations for delivery room handling of the newborn. This includes recommendations and rationale for the use of delayed cord clamping and cord milking, heart rate assessment [including the use of electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes in the delivery room], role of suctioning in newborn resuscitation, and the impact of various ventilatory modes. Oxygenation should be monitored by pulse oximetry. Effects of oxygen and surfactant on subsequent pulmonary outcomes, and recommendations for provisions of appropriate thermoregulatory support are discussed. Regular teaching of delivery room handling should be mandatory.
Behavior of fetal longitudinal myocardial fibers assessed by speckle tracking to obtain strain and strain rate values for low-risk pregnancies
Authors: Biancardi Mariana , de Sa Renato Augusto Moreira
Published: December 2019

Objective

To analyze the behavior of fetal longitudinal myocardial fibers assessed by speckle tracking (STE) after fetal viability.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed in 156 women with normal singleton pregnancies from 22 to 31 weeks of gestation. Strain (S) and strain rate (SR) values were measured in both ventricles during the fetal cardiac cycle. The population was divided into five gestational age groups based on 2-week intervals. The correlations of maternal variables with the S and SR variables and intra-observer analysis were performed.

Results

There was a significant difference in the S and SR values of the left ventricle (LV) among the gestational age groups (P = 0.007). Significantly higher S and SR values were observed in early age groups demonstrating reductions in LV S and SR values at 26 weeks, followed by stabilization. For the right ventricle (RV), there was no significant difference between gestational age groups. Significant intra-observer agreement was observed for S values of the RV (P = 0.008) and LV (P = 0.0004) and SR values of the RV (P = 0.0001) and LV (P = 0.015).

Conclusion

Decreases in the S and SR values of the LV occurred after 26 weeks, followed by stabilization. No significant difference was observed in the S or SR value of the RV among the gestational age groups, and no significant association of any maternal variable evaluated with S and SR values was observed. Significant intra-observer agreement was obtained among the results.
Accessing primary health care services for transition-aged young adults with cerebral palsy; perspectives of young adults, parents, and physicians
Authors: Brandon Erin , Ballantyne Marilyn , Penner Melanie , Lauzon Andrea , McCarvill Erin
Published: December 2019

Background

Young adults with childhood-onset disabilities experience challenges with accessing age appropriate primary health care services as they transition from pediatric to adult health care services. They often experience a negative impact on their health with associated long-term health and social concerns, disease complications and increased use of emergency services once transitioned to adult services. This is particularly challenging for youth with cerebral palsy (CP) due the complexity of their medical needs. The aim of this study was to explore experiences with accessing or providing primary care services for transitioned-aged young adults with CP from young adult, parent, pediatrician and primary care physician perspectives.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive design was conducted to identify the challenges and facilitators for transitioned aged young adults with accessing primary, adult care services. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 participants within the circle of care (4 adults with CP, 4 parents, 4 pediatricians and 4 primary healthcare physicians) for individuals with CP in Toronto, Canada. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative analysis guided both the data collection and the data analysis processes.

Results

Data analysis revealed that all participant groups reported transition challenges with respect to accessibility, the suitability of some primary care environments for caring for individuals with complex care needs, gaps in seamless care, and limited time and funding when receiving or providing primary care services to young adults with CP.

Discussion

There is a greater demand for adult healthcare providers now to deliver services for adults with childhood onset disabilities. Transition-aged young adults with CP and complex medical needs have increased challenges with accessing primary care services. Considering the following would improve primary care services transition for this population with complex medical needs: ongoing partnering between pediatric and adult health care streams to promote seamless care; connection to team-based primary care services where family physicians, subspecialties and interprofessional practitioners work together to provide joint care planning; salary compensation for increased service needs due to medical complexity; accessible sites; and development of guidelines for transitioning youth/young adults with complex care needs.
Effective medium concept in temporal metamaterials
Authors: Pacheco-Peña Victor , Engheta Nader
Published: December 2019

Metamaterials are mostly designed in the time-harmonic scenario where wave propagation can be spatially manipulated. Tailoring the electromagnetic response of media in time has also gained the attention of the scientific community in order to achieve further control on wave-matter interaction both in space and time. In the present work, a temporally effective medium concept in metamaterial is theoretically investigated as a mechanism to create a medium with a desired effective permittivity. Similar to spatially subwavelength multilayered metamaterials, the proposed “temporal multilayered”, or “multistepped” metamaterial, is designed by alternating in time the permittivity of the medium between two values. In so doing, the temporally periodic medium can be modeled as an effective metamaterial in time with an effective permittivity initiated by a step function. The analogy between the temporal multistepped and the spatial multilayered metamaterials is presented demonstrating the duality between both domains. The proposed temporal metamaterial is analytically and numerically evaluated showing an excellent agreement with the designed parameters. Moreover, it is shown how the effective permittivity can be arbitrarily tailored by changing the duty cycle of the periodic temporal metamaterial. This performance is also connected to the spatial multilayer scenario in terms of the filling fraction of the different materials used to create the multilayered structures.
Bacteria fromJatropha curcasrhizosphere, degrades aromatic hydrocarbons and promotes growth inZea mays
Authors: Wong-Villarreal Arnoldo , Yañez-Ocampo Gustavo , Hernández-Nuñez Emanuel , Corzo-González Hipólito , Giácoman-Vallejos Germán , González-Sánchez Avel , Gómez-Velasco Diana , Ramírez González Sandra I. , López-Baez Orlando , Espinosa-Zaragoza Saúl
Published: December 2019

The rhizosphere is one of the most important reservoirs of microorganisms. Because of the microbial metabolic activities, these can be used for various biotechnological, agricultural and environmental purposes. In this study we evaluated five genetically related bacterial strains;Pseudomonas aeruginosaN7B1 (MG457074),Pseudomonassp. (MG457075),Pseudomonassp., Bf1 (MG457076) andPseudomonas aeruginosaF23 (MG457077), isolated fromJatropha curcasrhizosphere, capable of growing and degradating benzene and phenanthrene. The hydrocarbon degradation by these strains was quantified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrophotometry. ThePseudomonas aeruginosaN7B1 strain removed 84% of phenanthrene and 45% of benzene in a seven-day period, while the other strains showed a lower hydrocarbon degradation capacity. Another biotechno-logical feature of these strains is maize growth promotion, in a substrate enriched with 0.5% of phenanthrene and 1.0% of benzene.Pseudomonas aeruginosaN7B1 andPseudomonas aeruginosaF23 showed an increase in root and shoot fresh and dry weight, plant height and root length variables. These results open the possible use of these strains as bioinoculants to promote the growth of maize plants in phenanthrene and benzene polluted soils.
Furiously fast: On the speed of change in formulaic language
Authors: Buerki Andreas
Published: December 2019

Addressing a topic that has been marginal to discussions within historical linguistics, this study looks at how extent and speed of language change can be quantified meaningfully using corpus data. Looking specifically at formulaic language (understood here as word sequences that instantiate typical phrasings), a solidly data-based assessment of the speed of change within a 100-year time window is offered. This includes both a relative determination of speed (against the speed of change in lexis which is generally thought to be the fastest type of linguistic change, cf. Algeo 1980: 264; Trask and Millar 2010: 7) as well as a new independent measure of speed which is easy to interpret and therefore of high validity, while also robust and potentially applicable to any linguistic feature that can be counted in corpus data. Using data from a diachronic reference corpus of 20th century German, it is shown that change in formulaic language is very notably faster than lexical change, that the extent of change over a century is comparable in extent to contemporary inter-genre variation and that overall, the rate of change does fluctuate somewhat at the level of temporal granularity employed in this study. It is also argued that quantifying the speed of linguistic change can play an important role in building a deeper understanding of language change in general.
A comparative study of idioms on drunkenness in Chinese and Spanish
Authors: Lei Chunyi , Antonio Pamies
Published: December 2019

This study, based on the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor and Conventional Figurative Language Theory, presents a cross-linguistic comparison of the idioms on drunkenness in Chinese and Spanish, applying the analytical method with three hierarchical levels (iconic models > archi-metaphors > particular metaphors). The findings show that, on the one hand, though linguistically and culturally very distant, these two languages share some iconic models (i.e. animal, movement, body part, plant and aggression) in their idioms on inebriation; on the other hand, they also have their own ways in expressing drunkenness, due to their particular cultural backgrounds, i.e. religions, superstitions, history, ethnic prejudices, legends, etc. The present investigation also proves the universality of the cognitive thinking model of human beings as well as the cognitive specialization in different cultures, giving an insight into idiom comprehension and intercultural communication.
„12 × 12 = 144“
Authors: Weiberg Anja
Published: December 2019

“12 × 12 = 144”. Psychological Certainty versus Logical Exclusion of Error in On Certainty, Illustrated by the Example of Artihmetic. The aim of this paper is to exemplify Wittgenstein’s distinction between a psychological certainty and the logical exclusion of error by considering his discussion of our use of simple calculations like “12 × 12 =144” in On Certainty. Three aspects seem to be relevant in this context: 1. Wittgenstein’s notes on our use of the word “to know” in the context of these simple calculations (and on the irrelevance of inner states or processes for this use); 2. his discussion of the wish for “transcendental certainty” (OC 1975: 47); 3. his remarks on the logical exclusion of error.
Christopher Adair-Toteff: Troeltsch and Augustine
Authors: Adair-Toteff Christopher
Published: December 2019

1915 ist Ernst Troeltsch nach Berlin gezogen, wo er Professor für Philosophie wurde. Sein Wechsel aus der Heidelberger Theologischen Fakultät in die Philosophische Fakultät der Berliner Universität und sein zunehmendes Interesse am Historismus hat ihn nicht daran gehindert, theologische Studien fortzuführen. Ein Ergebnis dieser Studien war eine noch in Heidelberg geschriebene detaillierte Untersuchung über Augustins Theologie und im besonderen über De Civitate Dei. Troeltsch hat diese Studie unternommen, um zum einen eine Lücke in seinen Soziallehren der christlichen Kirchen und Gruppen zu füllen und zum anderen wegen seinem zunehmenden Interesse an Augustins Philosophie. Das Ergebnis dieser Untersuchung ist Troeltschs Buch Augustin, die christliche Antike und das Mittelalter. Dieses Buch ist aus vielen Gründen ein bemerkenswertes Werk, unter anderem, weil es eine objektive und eine prägnante Untersuchung über Ethik und Naturgesetz darstellt. Troeltschs Buch über Augustin ist sehr wichtig zu untersuchen, aber genauso wichtig ist der Prozess, der ihn dazu geführt, es zu schreiben. Dabei handelt es sich um mehrere Rezensionen, die Troeltsch über Bücher zu Augustins Theologie, Ethik und politischer Philosophie geschrieben hat. Indem wir Troeltschs Rezensionen und sein Buch Augustin studieren, lernen wir nicht nur, was in seiner Sicht besonders wertvoll sei in den Schriften des großen Kirchenvaters, sondern wir lernen auch Troeltschs eigenes Denken zu Ethik, Geschichte und sogar Politik besser kennen.

By 1915 Ernst Troeltsch had moved to Berlin where he became professor of philosophy. His move from the Faculty of Theology to philosophy and his increasing concern with historicism did not hinder him from continuing with his theological studies. One of the results of these studies was his detailed investigation of Augustine’s theology and he focused specifically on de Civitate Dei. Troeltsch undertook this study partially to rectify an omission in his Soziallehren der christlichen Kirchen und Gruppen and partially because of his increasing interest in Augustine’s philosophy. The result of this study was Troeltsch’s book Augustin, die christliche Antike und das Mittelalter. This is a remarkable work for many reasons, including that it was an objective and appreciative investigations on ethics and natural law – and it was written by a prominent Protestant theologian. However, this book has been mostly neglected which is unfortunate. Troeltsch’s book on Augustine is well-worth exploring but so is the process which led him to write it. That entails consulting the numerous reviews that Troeltsch wrote about a number of books devoted to certain aspects of Augustine’s theology, ethics, and political philosophy. By studying Troeltsch’s book reviews and his Augustin, we not only learn what Troeltsch regarded as so valuable in the writings of this particular Church Father, but we also learn about Troeltsch’s own thinking about ethics, history, and even politics.
Sarah Demmrich, Uwe Wolfradt: Die ‚Gottesidee‘ als Wesensmerkmal der Religion im Denken Karl Girgensohns
Authors: Demmrich Sarah , Wolfradt Uwe
Published: December 2019

Der protestantische Theologe Karl Girgensohn (1875–1925) ist 1903 mit seinem frühen Werk über das Wesen der Religion an die Öffentlichkeit getreten, welches einen starken religionsphilosophischen Standpunkt zum Ausdruck bringt. Kernüberlegung ist hierbei eine kognitive Theorie des Religiösen, in der die Gottesidee zentral ist. Unter Berücksichtigung der Biographie Girgensohns geht der vorliegende Beitrag auf diese frühe Studie zum Wesen der Religion ein und skizziert den Übergang des Autors von einem philosophischen zu einem experimentell-introspektiven Ansatz der Religiositätsforschung, welcher dann zum Fundament für die Dorpater religionspsychologische Schule wurde. Basierend auf Girgensohns frühem Werk werden abschließend Implikationen für die heutige empirische Theologie vorgeschlagen.

The Protestant theologian Karl Girgensohn (1875–1925) came to the public in 1903 with his early work on the nature of religion, which expresses a strong religious-philosophical standpoint. The core consideration here is a cognitive theory of the religious, in which the idea of God is central. Taking into account Girgensohn’s biography, the present contribution addresses this early study on the nature of religion and outlines the author’s transition from a philosophical to an experimental-introspective approach to religious research, which then became the foundation for the Dorpat School of the psychology of religion. Based on Girgensohn’s early work, implications for contemporary empirical theology are finally proposed.
Optimized but Not Maximized Cue Integration for 3D Visual Perception
Authors: Chang Ting-Yu , Thompson Lowell , Doudlah Raymond , Kim Byounghoon , Sunkara Adhira , Rosenberg Ari
Published: December 2019

Reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) scenes from two-dimensional (2D) retinal images is an ill-posed problem. Despite this, 3D perception of the world based on 2D retinal images is seemingly accurate and precise. The integration of distinct visual cues is essential for robust 3D perception in humans, but it is unclear whether this is true for non-human primates (NHPs). Here, we assessed 3D perception in macaque monkeys using a planar surface orientation discrimination task. Perception was accurate across a wide range of spatial poses (orientations and distances), but precision was highly dependent on the plane’s pose. The monkeys achieved robust 3D perception by dynamically reweighting the integration of stereoscopic and perspective cues according to their pose-dependent reliabilities. Errors in performance could be explained by a prior resembling the 3D orientation statistics of natural scenes. We used neural network simulations based on 3D orientation-selective neurons recorded from the same monkeys to assess how neural computation might constrain perception. The perceptual data were consistent with a model in which the responses of two independent neuronal populations representing stereoscopic cues and perspective cues (with perspective signals from the two eyes combined using nonlinear canonical computations) were optimally integrated through linear summation. Perception of combined-cue stimuli was optimal given this architecture. However, an alternative architecture in which stereoscopic cues, left eye perspective cues, and right eye perspective cues were represented by three independent populations yielded two times greater precision than the monkeys. This result suggests that, due to canonical computations, cue integration for 3D perception is optimized but not maximized.
Anti‐HIV‐1 antibodies trigger non‐lytic complement deposition on infected cells
Authors: Dufloo Jérémy , Guivel‐Benhassine Florence , Buchrieser Julian , Lorin Valérie , Grzelak Ludivine , Dupouy Emilie , Mestrallet Guillaume , Bourdic Katia , Lambotte Olivier , Mouquet Hugo , Bruel Timothée , Schwartz Olivier
Published: December 2019

The effect of anti‐HIV‐1 antibodies on complement activation at the surface of infected cells remains partly understood. Here, we show that a subset of anti‐Envelope (Env) broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), targeting the CD4 binding site and the V3 loop, triggers C3 deposition and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) on Raji cells engineered to express high surface levels of HIV‐1 Env. Primary CD4 T cells infected with laboratory‐adapted or primary HIV‐1 strains and treated with bNAbs are susceptible to C3 deposition but not to rapid CDC. The cellular protein CD59 and viral proteins Vpu and Nef protect infected cells from CDC mediated by bNAbs or by polyclonal IgGs from HIV‐positive individuals. However, complement deposition accelerates the disappearance of infected cells within a few days of culture. Altogether, our results uncover the contribution of complement to the antiviral activity of anti‐HIV‐1 bNAbs.
Composición y fluctuación estacional de especies formadoras de florecimientos macroalgales en la laguna costera El Carmen, Cárdenas, Tabasco, golfo de México
Authors: Falcón-Vidal Diego Armando , Rivas-Acuña Ma. Guadalupe , Piñón-Gimate Alejandra
Published: December 2019

La presencia, distribución y abundancia de macroalgas están relacionadas con variaciones de los parámetros físicos y químicos; el incremento en su biomasa se vincula al enriquecimiento, por nutrientes, de las zonas costeras, por actividades antropogénicas. Los florecimientos macroalgales están conformados por especies de macroalgas efímeras de rápido crecimiento. En el presente trabajo, se describen los cambios en la composición y biomasa de florecimientos macroalgales en una laguna costera. Durante 3 épocas del año, lluvias (octubre de 2015), nortes (febrero de 2016) y secas (julio de 2016), se midieron variables fisicoquímicas en 5 sitios de la laguna El Carmen, Cárdenas, Tabasco; también, biomasa macroalgal (método de transectos-cuadrantes). Las diferencias en las variables fisicoquímicas y la biomasa, entre épocas y sitios, se estimaron mediante análisis de varianza; igualmente, se realizó un análisis de componentes principales (ACP). Se obtuvieron 7 especies importantes. La mayor biomasa total correspondió a Gracilaria blodgetti (4225.1 g) seguida de Acanthophora spicifera (794.6 g). Los florecimientos macroalgales se encontraron solamente en el sitio 1 y en el 5, y se observó que, dependiendo de la época y el sitio, varió la composición de especies y la biomasa. El ACP mostró que la biomasa macroalgal está relacionada con las variables fisicoquímicas, dependiendo de la especie. En la región, las actividades antropogénicas que se realizan alrededor de las lagunas costeras impactan a estas últimas, por lo que este tipo de estudios es de importancia en el monitoreo de la laguna. Este es el primer estudio sobre florecimientos macroalgales en la región.
Elementos teóricos en el abordaje de las interacciones comunicativas en la clase
Authors: Barrientos Córdoba Adrián , Córdoba Alfaro Claudio , García Calderón Keiner
Published: December 2019

El presente ensayo de naturaleza académica y argumentativa es un acercamiento a los principales elementos teóricos necesarios para el abordaje de las interacciones comunicativas en el ámbito educativo, entre los cuales se encuentran las interacciones y sus tipos, la comunicación y el lenguaje, el contexto sociocultural, los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje y las tradiciones epistemológicas. El estudio de estos elementos teóricos es el marco de referencia que amplía el hecho educativo más allá de la transmisión de contenidos, puesto que busca visualizar el acto educativo desde un plano holístico que permita analizar la educación desde lo que ocurre en el aula.
La educación popular: Entrevista con Óscar Jara Holliday
Authors: Jara Holliday Óscar
Published: December 2019

En la presente entrevista, el destacado educador popular y sociólogo peruano-costarricense, Dr. Óscar Jara Holliday, explica los orígenes y particularidades de la educación popular. Según sus propias palabras, la educación popular “debería tener una noción política transformadora, es decir, una educación que debería permitir que la sociedad pudiera tener una estructura social, democrática, justa, equitativa y que, por lo tanto, los sujetos protagonistas de los procesos educativos tienen que ser quienes impulsen esos procesos político-pedagógicos. De esa visión político-pedagógica de un proyecto popular de sociedad, podemos hablar de una educación popular”.