bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Daily Activities in People With Newly Diagnosed Solid Tumors Presenting to a Medical Oncologist
Authors: Thomas Shirley , Walsh Declan , Shrotriya Shiva , Aktas Aynur , Hullihen Barbara , Estfan Bassam , Budd G.Thomas , Hjermstad Marianne Jensen , O’Connor Brenda
Published: May 2016

Introduction:

Symptom and Quality of Life (QOL) data are important patient reported outcomes. Early identification of these is critical for appropriate interventions. Data collection may be helped by modern information technology.

Aim:

This study examined symptoms and QOL in people with solid tumors at their first visit to a medical oncologist. We also evaluated the clinical utility of tablet computers (TC) to collect this data.

Methods:

This was a prospective study of 105 consecutive patients in the cancer outpatient clinic of a tertiary level academic medical center. Symptom and QOL data was collected by TC with wireless database upload.

Results:

One-third participants had moderate to severe pain; almost half clinically significant pain that interfered with daily activities. Tiredness, anxiety, and drowsiness were common (prevalence - 79%, 63% and 50% respectively). One-third of those who had items identified from the Edmonton System Assessment System also volunteered other symptoms, mostly gastrointestinal problems. Many of those affected also reported impaired Global Wellbeing and low Overall QOL. There was a 98% completion rate, which took on average ten minutes. Direct observation and informal feedback from patients and physicians regarding the acceptability of TC in this setting was uniformly positive.

Conclusions:

Amongst people with newly diagnosed solid tumors clinically important psychological and physical symptoms, QOL problems and difficulties with daily activities were commonly present in the 24-hour period and in the week before a first Medical Oncology visit. Symptom and QOL data collection by TC in busy outpatient clinics showed good clinical utility.
What Equivocal Data From Single Case Comparison Studies Reveal About Evidence-Based Practices in Early Childhood Special Education
Authors: Ledford Jennifer R. , Barton Erin E. , Hardy Jessica K. , Elam Katie , Seabolt Jordan , Shanks Meredith , Hemmeter M. L. , Kaiser Ann
Published: May 2016

Although comparison studies are important in early intervention/early childhood special education (EI/ECSE), results of well-designed comparison studies are likely to be unpublished because of undifferentiated or differently differentiated results across participants. The purpose of this article is to highlight the utility of comparison designs in the identification of evidence-based interventions for individual children. We present results from three single case comparative studies analyzing embedded and massed-trial instruction, high- and low-fidelity instruction, and small group versus 1:1 instruction conducted in ECSE settings. All participants learned all targeted behaviors in both instructional conditions and learned no behaviors assigned to control conditions. Results suggest that evidence-based practices are not a “one-size-fits-all” conclusion and that data-based decision making is critical even when empirically supported interventions are used.
Experimenting With Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Torrance Harry
Published: May 2016

Qualitative inquiry largely stands outside the current policy focus on experimental results—the “what works” agenda. Yet thinking and doing things differently—another form of experiment—could be more prominent in critical qualitative inquiry. The article will look at the ways in which qualitative inquiry is currently positioned in policy debate and reflect on whether or not a different form of “experimentalism” could generate a different form of knowledge about what “might work.”
Body Image Satisfaction Among Blacks
Authors: Gustat Jeanette , Carton Thomas W. , Shahien Amir A. , Andersen Lori
Published: May 2016

Satisfaction with body image is a factor related to health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between body image satisfaction and body size perception in an urban, Black community sample in New Orleans, Louisiana. Only 42.2% of respondents were satisfied with their body image and 44.1% correctly perceived their body size. Most respondents chose an ideal image in the normal body mass index range with over half choosing an ideal image smaller than their actual size. Misperception was greatest among the heaviest respondents. Females, those who overestimated their size, those with an education beyond high school, and those who were active in order to lose weight were less likely to be satisfied ( p < .001). Those who were active but not trying to lose weight were more likely to be satisfied ( p < .001). This suggests that perception of and satisfaction with body size may play a role in health behavior decisions.
Free vibration analysis of sandwich beams with carbon nanotube reinforced face sheets based on extended high-order sandwich panel theory
Authors: Jedari Salami S
Published: May 2016

Free vibration analysis of a sandwich beam with soft core and carbon nanotube reinforced composite face sheets, hitherto not reported in the literature, based on extended high-order sandwich panel theory is presented. Distribution of fibers through the thickness of the face sheets could be uniform or functionally graded. In this theory, the face sheets follow the first-order shear deformation theory. Besides, the two-dimensional elasticity is used for the core. The field equations are derived via the Ritz-based solution which is suitable for any essential boundary conditions. Chebyshev polynomials multiplying boundary R-functions are used as admissible functions and evidence of their good performance is given. A detailed parametric study is conducted to study the effects of nanotube volume fraction and their distribution pattern, core-to-face sheet thickness ratio, and boundary conditions on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of sandwich beams with functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite face sheets and soft cores. Since the extended high-order sandwich panel theory can be used with any combinations of core and face sheets and not only the soft cores that the other theories demand, the results for the same beam with functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite face sheets and stiff core are also provided for comparison. It is concluded that the sandwich beam with X and V distribution figures of face sheets, no matter what the boundary conditions, has higher vibration performance than the beam with UD-CNTRC face sheets.
Traditional graft preparation decreases physiologic responses, diminishes viscoelasticity, and reduces cellular viability of the conduit: A porcine saphenous vein model
Authors: Wise Eric S , Hocking Kyle M , Luo Weifeng , Feldman Daniel L , Song Jun , Komalavilas Padmini , Cheung-Flynn Joyce , Brophy Colleen M
Published: May 2016

Traditional methods of intraoperative human saphenous vein preparation for use as bypass grafts can be deleterious to the conduit. The purpose of this study was to characterize acute graft preparation injury, and to mitigate this harm via an improved preparation technique. Porcine saphenous veins were surgically harvested (unprepared controls, UnP) and prepared using traditional (TraP) and improved preparations (ImP). The TraP used unregulated radial distension, marking with a surgical skin marker and preservation in heparinized normal saline. ImP used pressure-regulated distension, brilliant blue FCF-based pen marking and preservation in heparinized Plasma-Lyte A. Rings from each preparation were suspended in a muscle bath for characterization of physiologic responses to vasoactive agents and viscoelasticity. Cellular viability was assessed using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay for apoptosis. Contractile responses to potassium chloride (110 mM) and phenylephrine (10 µM), and endothelial-dependent and independent vasodilatory responses to carbachol (0.5 µM) and sodium nitroprusside (1 µM), respectively, were decreased in TraP tissues compared to both UnP and ImP tissues ( p ⩽ 0.05). TraP tissues demonstrated diminished viscoelasticity relative to UnP and ImP tissues ( p ⩽ 0.05), and reduced cellular viability relative to UnP control ( p ⩽ 0.01) by the MTT assay. On the TUNEL assay, TraP tissues demonstrated a greater degree of apoptosis relative to UnP and ImP tissues ( p ⩽ 0.01). In conclusion, an improved preparation technique prevents vascular graft smooth muscle and endothelial injury observed in tissues prepared using a traditional approach.
A pilot randomised test of a self-affirmation implementation intention intervention to reduce dietary salt intake
Authors: Bradbury Daisy , Upsher Rebecca , Chilcot Joseph
Published: May 2016

Self-affirmation may reduce defensive processing towards health messages. We tested the effects of a self-affirmation implementation intentional intervention with regard to salt risk message acceptance, estimates of daily-recommended intake and self-reported intake. Participants ( n = 65) who consumed over 6 g/day of salt were randomised into three conditions: self-affirmation, self-affirming implementation intention and control. Participants attended the laboratory and completed a 2-week follow-up. There was no effect of the condition on message acceptance, salt estimation and 2-week salt intake. Across conditions, 2-week salt intake was reduced. We found no evidence for either intervention with regard to salt risk message acceptance and behaviour change.
The German version of the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5–5 to identify children with a risk of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Limberg Katharina , Gruber Karolin , Noterdaeme Michele
Published: May 2016

A long delay between the first registered symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and a final diagnosis has been reported. The reasons for this are the spare use of specialized autism instruments, missing clinical expertise, and the late referral to specialized centers in primary care. Previous studies recommending the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5–5 for screening have requested additional research. A total of 183 children aged 25–71 months participated in this study. The Child Behavior Checklist scales of 80 children with autism spectrum disorder were compared with 103 children diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders. In the logistic regression analysis, the Withdrawn and Pervasive Developmental Problems Child Behavior Checklist scales with a significant predictive value of risk for an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis were identified. The optimal cutoff points T = 64.5 on the Pervasive Developmental Problems scale (area under the curve = 0.781, sensitivity = 0.83, specificity = 0.60, positive predictive value = 0.62, negative predictive value = 0.82, odds ratio = 7) and T = 60.5 on the Withdrawn scale (area under the curve = 0.809, sensitivity = 0.88, specificity = 0.63, positive predictive value = 0.65, negative predictive value = 0.87, odds ratio = 12) were evaluated in the receiver operating characteristics analysis. The present study confirms the utility of the German version of the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5–5 as a level 1 screening tool to identify children with a risk of autism spectrum disorder; however, a risk of over-identifying should be considered. The Child Behavior Checklist 1.5–5 can complement the pediatric examination as a quick and cost-effective questionnaire.
Coming of age in L3 initial stages transfer models: Deriving developmental predictions and looking towards the future
Authors: Alonso Jorge González , Rothman Jason
Published: May 2016

Aims:

Over the past decade in particular, formal linguistic work within L3 acquisition has concentrated on hypothesizing and empirically determining the source of transfer from previous languages—L1, L2 or both—in L3 grammatical representations. In view of the progressive concern with more advanced stages, we aim to show that focusing on L3 initial stages should be one continued priority of the field, even—or especially—if the field is ready to shift towards modeling L3 development and ultimate attainment.

Approach:

We argue that L3 learnability is significantly impacted by initial stages transfer, as such forms the basis of the initial L3 interlanguage. To illustrate our point, the insights from studies using initial and intermediary stages L3 data are discussed in light of developmental predictions that derive from the initial stages models.

Conclusions:

Despite a shared desire to understand the process of L3 acquisition in whole, inclusive of offering developmental L3 theories, we argue that the field does not yet have—although is ever closer to—the data basis needed to effectively do so.

Originality:

This article seeks to convince the readership of the need for conservatism in L3 acquisition theory building, whereby offering a framework on how and why we can most effectively build on the accumulated knowledge of the L3 initial stages in order to make significant, steady progress.

Significance:

The arguments exposed here are meant to provide an epistemological base for a tenable framework of formal approaches to L3 interlanguage development and, eventually, ultimate attainment.
Vascular Structures of the Right Colon: Incidence and Variations with Their Clinical Implications
Authors: Alsabilah J. , Kim W. R. , Kim N. K.
Published: May 2016

Background and Aims:

There is a demand for a better understanding of the vascular structures around the right colonic area. Although right hemicolectomy with the recent concept of meticulous lymph node dissection is a standardized procedure for malignant diseases among most surgeons, variations in the actual anatomical vascular are not well understood. The aim of the present review was to present a detailed overview of the vascular variation pertinent to the surgery for right colon cancer.

Materials and Methods:

Medical literature was searched for the articles highlighting the vascular variation relevant to the right colon cancer surgery.

Results:

Recently, there have been many detailed studies on applied surgical vascular anatomy based on cadaveric dissections, as well as radiological and intraoperative examinations to overcome misconceptions concerning the arterial supply and venous drainage to the right colon. Ileocolic artery and middle colic artery are consistently present in all patients arising from the superior mesenteric artery. Even though the ileocolic artery passes posterior to the superior mesenteric vein in most of the cases, in some cases courses anterior to the superior mesenteric artery. The right colic artery is inconsistently present ranging from 63% to 10% across different studies. Ileocolic vein and middle colic vein is always present, while the right colic vein is absent in 50% of patients. The gastrocolic trunk of Henle is present in 46%–100% patients across many studies with variation in the tributaries ranging from bipodal to tetrapodal. Commonly, it is found that the right colonic veins, including the right colic vein, middle colic vein, and superior right colic vein, share the confluence forming the gastrocolic trunk of Henle in a highly variable frequency and different forms.

Conclusion:

Understanding the incidence and variations of the vascular anatomy of right side colon is of crucial importance. Failure to recognize the variation during surgery can result in troublesome bleeding especially during minimal invasive surgery.
The colonial present in international development? The case of German interventions in obstetric care in Tanzania
Authors: Bendix Daniel
Published: May 2016

This article investigates whether colonialism is alive in contemporary German development cooperation (GDC) on obstetric care in Tanzania. Drawing on archives and interviews, it compares present-day interventions to German policy in ‘German East Africa’ (GEA) at the beginning of the 20th century. It argues that contemporary development cooperation can be considered colonial to a certain extent in that it is marked by a combination of racialization, developmentalism and trusteeship. However, colonial power today is fractured as German development professionals’ accounts of their work display a considerable degree of hesitancy and doubt. This article contributes to the knowledge on colonialism and development by discerning colonial power in the under-researched case of GDC as well as in the context of concrete policy and practice in a particular field of intervention.
Online Female Escort Advertisements
Authors: Griffith James D. , Capiola August , Balotti Brandon , Hart Christian L. , Turner Ryan
Published: May 2016

Female escorts represent an occupational group that charges a fee for sex, which can be regarded as an extreme form of short-term mating. The present study examined if the fees charged by escorts are related to traits typically associated with female short-term mate value. A total of 2,925 advertisements for female escorts offering sexual services in the United States were examined, as a customized software program was used to download all the advertisements from an online escort directory. The advertisement content was coded, and relationships between advertised physical characteristics and the hourly rate charged by female escorts were examined. The analyses showed that higher fees were associated with female escorts who advertised a waist-to-hip ratio near 0.7, lower weight and body mass index, younger age, and photographic displays of breast and buttocks nudity. The findings provide evidence that evolutionarily relevant traits associated with female short-term mate value are systematically related to fees charged for sexual services.
Helping When They Are Listening: A Midterm Study Skills Intervention for Introductory Psychology
Authors: Cathey Christie L. , Visio Michelle E , Whisenhunt Brooke L. , Hudson Danae L. , Shoptaugh Carol F.
Published: May 2016

This study examined the effectiveness of a study skills training session offered at midterm to students enrolled in a large section of Introductory Psychology. In the training session, students watched a series of five, short videos on effective learning and answered related clicker questions that encouraged them to reflect their own study strategies and beliefs about learning. Students across all levels of course performance rated the training as helpful and effective. Although there were no differences in subsequent study time and metacognitive skills between students who attended the training and those who did not, students who attended the training gained insight into some of the limitations of their own past study strategies. Additionally, although students who chose to attend the training had lower scores on exams taken prior to training, the difference between those groups disappeared for exams that followed training. Embedding study skills training into an existing course at a point in the semester when students are highly motivated to change and can meaningfully reflect on their own past course performance appears to be a useful pedagogical strategy for introductory-level students.
Process Evaluation of Making HEPA Policy Practice
Authors: Weaver Robert G. , Moore Justin B. , Huberty Jennifer , Freedman Darcy , Turner-McGrievy Brie , Beighle Aaron , Ward Diane , Pate Russell , Saunders Ruth , Brazendale Keith , Chandler Jessica , Ajja Rahma , Kyryliuk Becky , Beets Michael W.
Published: May 2016

This study examines the link between implementation of Strategies to Enhance Practice (STEPs) and outcomes. Twenty after-school programs (ASPs) participated in an intervention to increase children’s accumulation of 30 minutes/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and quality of snacks served during program time. Outcomes were measured via accelerometer (MVPA) and direct observation (snacks). STEPs implementation data were collected via document review and direct observation. Based on implementation data, ASPs were divided into high/low implementers. Differences between high/low implementers’ change in percentage of boys accumulating 30 minutes/day of MVPA were observed. There was no difference between high/low implementers for girls. Days fruits and/or vegetables and water were served increased in the high/low implementation groups, while desserts and sugar-sweetened beverages decreased. Effect sizes (ES) for the difference in changes between the high and low group ranged from low (ES = 0.16) to high (ES = 0.97). Higher levels of implementation led to increased MVPA for boys, whereas girls MVPA benefited from the intervention regardless of high/low implementation. ESs of the difference between high/low implementers indicate that increased implementation of STEPs increases days healthier snacks are served. Programs in the high-implementation group implemented a variety of STEPs strategies, suggesting local adoption/adaptation is key to implementation.
Outcomes of a Behavioral Intervention to Increase Condom Use and Reduce HIV Risk Among Urban African American Young Adults
Authors: Henry Akintobi Tabia , Trotter Jennie , Zellner Tiffany , Lenoir Shelia , Evans Donoria , Rollins Latrice , Miller Assia
Published: May 2016

African Americans comprise nearly half of people in the United States living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but compose one tenth of the population. Infection rate among young African American adults is 11 times that of Whites. The Color It Real Program was a seven-session, weekly administered, age-specific, and culturally tailored intervention designed to provide HIV education and address behavioral motivations (risk awareness, decisional balance exercises, partner negotiation, and attitudes) associated with HIV risk among African Americans ages 18 to 24 years in Atlanta, Georgia. Effectiveness was assessed through a quasi-experimental study design that consisted of intervention ( n = 88) and control ( n = 52) groups completing a 45-item survey. When controlling for gender and education, repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that the intervention group had significant increases in HIV transmission knowledge ( F = 4.84, p = .0305), condom use, and intentions to use condoms ( F = 4.38, p = .0385). Risky sexual behavior means did not significantly differ between groups ( F = 1.44, p = .2331). Results indicate the value of culturally tailored educational strategies toward improved HIV knowledge and adoption of risk reduction strategies. Future studies investigating the differential impact of programs by gender and sexual orientation are also critical. Continued innovation and tailoring of risk reduction strategies for minority young adults will contribute to reducing HIV incidence and prevalence over the life course.
Anti-inflammatory and Wound Healing Activities of Aloe vera, Honey and Milk Ointment on Second-Degree Burns in Rats
Authors: Farzadinia Parviz , Jofreh Niloofar , Khatamsaz Saeed , Movahed Ali , Akbarzadeh Samad , Mohammadi Mostafa , Bargahi Afshar
Published: May 2016

The aim of the present study was morphological and morphometric investigation of burn healing impacts of an honey, milk, and Aloe vera (HMA) ointment on experimentally induced second-degree burns, to approve the medicinal basis of its use in Iranian traditional medicine. A total of 21 male Albino rats weighing 200 to 300 g were divided into 3 groups of 7, including (1) control group, (2) positive control group, and (3) the treatment group that were treated with eucerin, silver sulfadiazine 3% and HMA ointment 5% respectively.After anesthetizing, the second-degree burns (1 cm2 areas) were made on the back of the animals using a digital controlled hot plaque, and each group was treated topically, based on the time scheduled. Then, skin punch biopsies were obtained on the 1st, 14th, and 28th days of post–burn induction; processed; and stained using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome methods. The results showed that HMA ointment induces cell proliferation, increasing the wound closure rate, blood vessel counts, and collagen fiber density in treated animals. It also reduced the wound secretions, inflammation, and scar formation. According to the obtained morphological, morphometric results, we concluded that the traditional HMA ointment, which is rich in therapeutic biomaterials and minerals, has multiple healing effects on burn wounds in rats.
Original Research: Porcine model for observing changes due to ischemia/reperfusion injury secondary to intra-abdominal endovascular balloon occlusion
Authors: Chao Chia-Sheng , Tsai Chien-Sung , Wang Yao-Horng , Liu Yuan-Hao , Chen Jian-Ming , Chang Yee-Phoung , Chin Hsien-Kuo , Chien Shang-Tao , Lee Tai-Ming , Yang Shyh-Chyun
Published: May 2016

Compared with conventional aortic cross-clamping, endovascular balloon occlusion (EBO) is a valuable strategy in unstable ruptured abdominal aorta aneurysm patients; however, it is unclear how long the balloon may remain safely inflated. Using a porcine model, we evaluated the influence of different EBO time periods on intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and the association between various pathophysiologic indicators and reperfusion time. Twelve healthy three-month-old domestic piglets were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury using EBO within the abdominal aorta. Animals were grouped as A, B, and C based on 30, 60, or 120 min of ischemic time, respectively. Changes in IAP, hemodynamic data, respiratory and renal function, and histology after reperfusion were compared with baseline measurements. All pigs gradually developed intra-abdominal hypertension after ischemia/reperfusion injury. IAP increased significantly after 4 h of reperfusion in all three groups (all P < 0.001) with maximal IAP reaching > 22 mmHg in 10 pigs. However, no significant intergroup differences were found. Cardiac output remained stable, but mixed venous oxygen saturation decreased significantly at 4 h after reperfusion (P < 0.05). The pH decreased significantly at 10 min in all three groups (all P < 0.001). Histological changes in the small intestine, lung, and kidney occurred secondary to aortic ischemia; however, no significant differences were noted between groups (P > 0.05). EBO within the abdominal aorta induced ischemia/reperfusion injury which led to intra-abdominal hypertension, pathological changes within multiple organs, and decreased mixed venous oxygen saturation after only 30 min of abdominal aortic ischemia.
The logic of memory: “Paroxysms of tears and joy” for the London Olympics and the Bhopal disaster
Authors: Shields Rachel , Laurendeau Jason , Adams Carly
Published: May 2016

We seek to engage in this article the current debate in memory studies regarding the definition and nature of the phenomenon of collective memory. Using the controversy over Dow Chemical Corporation’s sponsorship of the London Olympic stadium in 2012 as an example, we theorize memory as inherently logical—that is, as necessary to the maintenance of the overarching logics that govern the political and economic forms of a given society. We suggest that physical memory, or memory manifested in material, spatial objects such as architecture, plays an important role in both inciting remembrance and encouraging forgetfulness. We also make a case for distinguishing between three facets of memory: memory as a collective phenomenon, memory as an individual phenomenon, and the interface between the two where shifts in the processes of remembering and forgetting are made possible. In making this case, we synthesize theories of collective memory with a theory of political critique.
Communicative memory of irregular migration: The re-circulation of news images on YouTube
Authors: Horsti Karina
Published: May 2016

This article analyses user-generated YouTube cut and mix videos of irregular migration as producing communicative memory of those who have suffered at Europe’s external borders. Visual and textual analyses examine a neglected perspective on the study of media representations of migration by examining a particular practice through which people engage with news images and participate in (re)construction of collective memory in relation to irregular migration. The analysis shows that while hegemonic Eurocentric imagery prevails also in the vernacular amateur productions, re-mixing different cultural productions nevertheless complicates the representation of irregular migration and affords alternative positions. The article examines an emerging area in memory studies: practices of vernacular commemoration and its convergence with more institutionalized and professional media and memory practices. The videos are communicative reactions to emotionally disturbing news images of suffering – the public’s re-articulations of migration and migration control, which nevertheless are constrained into the existing mainstream media framings and entertainment economies. This type of performative citizenship is crucial for social equality, particularly since non-performance of memory in relation to contemporary migration tragedies has dominated European public spheres.
Tinnitus, ring it on
Authors: Walijee Hussein , Leach Rebecca
Published: May 2016

Tinnitus, the abnormal perception of sound in the absence of a real acoustic stimulus, is a common presenting complaint to primary care. Its effect on individual patients may range from trivial to debilitating. The purpose of this article is to describe an approach for use by the GP to tackle this often challenging symptom.
Notes towards a Nietzschean pedagogy of the city
Authors: Moran Paul A
Published: May 2016

Philosophical assumptions about identity, being and belonging have, as is well known, historically been bound together, with their classical nexus being Plato’s Socrates, who, because of this, figures as the first philosopher of the city. Especially during moments of crisis, as Socrates’ life and death testify, the impulse, both philosophically and politically, even today is to make abject those who appear not to conform to the appropriate ideal identity of what ought to be. In the first part of this article, the author considers the philosophical logic of this pedagogy of the city and its cultural context and implications. In the second part, the author demonstrates this pedagogy of the city as a practice, using ethnographic data derived from a study of a homeless couple and their struggle to become a family amidst the homeless community within which they lived.
Using metaphors to understand how educators in faith-based schools view professional learning
Authors: Scott John Trevitt , Armstrong Ann Cheryl
Published: May 2016

This article is set in the context of multicultural 21st-century Australia, whose diversity is marked by religious plurality as well as varied ethnic groupings. The article reports on a study of professional learning in three Australian faith-based schools (Christian, Jewish and Muslim) that investigated the role such schools might play in the creation of an Australian society characterized by mutual respect and tolerance. The authors argue that professional learning which is underpinned by the Freirean concept of conscientization could be used as a significant strategy to support the empowerment of teachers in developing critical awareness. In this way, they would be better able to address the issues related to life in the rapidly changing 21st century within an increasingly multicultural society, and in particular to assist students in developing ethical judgments and a commitment to social justice. The authors examine the metaphors for professional learning that were articulated in the study. These helped to gain insights into the way the schools’ educational leaders understood professional learning, and also highlighted the nature and focus of each school’s professional learning program.
The Effect of Cost of Living on Employee Wages in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Sturman Michael C. , Ukhov Andrey D. , Park Sanghee
Published: May 2016

This study examines the effect of cost of living (COL) on employee wages in the hotel industry. Although prior research clearly indicates that COL and wages are positively related, there is a lack of research explicitly considering the specific nature of the relationship between COL and wages, and potential moderators to the relationship. Using a dataset containing information on 97 jobs over 67 cities, our study shows that while there is a positive effect of COL on wages, the adjustment is not equal in magnitude to the difference that the COL levels would indicate. Furthermore, the effect of COL decreases as the average wage for the given job increases. We also show differences in COL’s effects for full-service versus limited-service hotels. We illustrate the implications of our findings by showing predicted wage rates for four jobs in five different cities, at both full-service and limit-service hotels. The study has implications for research, particularly for future work on COL and compensation. The findings also have important implications for practice, and may be particularly useful when managers need to set pay levels when local market data are unavailable.
Patients’ Preference for Integrating Homoeopathy Services within the Secondary Health Care Settings in India
Authors: Manchanda Rajkumar , Koley Munmun , Saha Subhranil , Sarkar Debabrata , Mondal Ramkumar , Thakur Prosenjit , Biswas Debjyoti , Rawat Birendra Singh , Rajachandrasekar Bhuvaneswari , Mittal Renu
Published: May 2016

Indian patients’ preference for integrated homoeopathy services remains underresearched. Two earlier surveys revealed favorable attitude toward and satisfaction from integrated services. The objectives of this study were to examine knowledge, attitudes, and practice of homoeopathy and to evaluate preference toward its integration into secondary-level health care. A cross-sectional survey was conducted during May to October 2015 among 659 adult patients visiting randomly selected secondary-level conventional health care setups in Kolkata, Mumbai, Kottayam, and New Delhi (India) using a self-administered 24-item questionnaire in 4 local vernaculars (Bengali, Marathi, Malayalam, and Hindi). Knowledge and practice scores were compromised; attitude scores toward integration and legal regulation were high. Respondents were uncertain regarding side effects of homoeopathy and concurrent use and interactions with conventional medicines. A total of 82.40% (95% confidence interval = 79.23, 85.19) of the participants were in favor of integrating homoeopathy services. Preference was significantly higher in Delhi and lower in Kottayam. Probable strategic measures for further development of integrated models are discussed.
23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Uptake in the United States Air Force HIV Program
Authors: Ocampo Thad F. , Le Tuan , Matthews Peter E. , Okulicz Jason F.
Published: May 2016

Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is a predominant cause of bacterial infection in HIV-infected individuals. However, reported rates of pneumococcal vaccination with 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) are variable. We evaluated uptake of PPV23 in patients diagnosed with HIV between 1996 and 2012 (n = 507) in the United States Air Force, a centralized HIV program with free access to care including vaccines and medications. A total of 411 (81.1%) patients received at least 1 PPV23 dose. The PPV23 vaccination within 1 year of diagnosis was greater for those diagnosed between 2004 and 2012 (n = 184, 86%) compared with 1996 to 2003 (n = 104, 56.5%; P < .001). For those with ≥6 years of follow-up, receipt of a second recommended PPV23 dose was greater for those diagnosed between 1996 and 2003 (n = 52, 57.8%) compared with 2004 to 2012 (n = 9, 28.1%; P = .004). Although first PPV23 vaccination was high in recent years, process improvement efforts are underway to overcome barriers and improve uptake of pneumococcal vaccines in our program.
Efficacy of a Single, Brief Alcohol Reduction Intervention among Men and Women Living with HIV/AIDS and Using Alcohol in Kampala, Uganda: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Wandera Bonnie , Tumwesigye Nazarius Mbona , Nankabirwa Joaniter Immaculate , Mafigiri David Kaawa , Parkes-Ratanshi Rosalind M. , Kapiga Saidi , Hahn Judith , Sethi Ajay K.
Published: May 2016

We evaluated the efficacy of a brief motivational intervention (MI) counseling in reducing alcohol consumption among persons living with HIV/AIDS in Kampala, Uganda. Persons living with HIV/AIDS with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Tool (AUDIT) score ≥3 points were randomized to either standardized positive prevention counseling alone or in combination with alcohol brief MI counseling. The mean change in AUDIT-C scores over 6 months was compared by treatment arm. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) AUDIT-C scores were 6.3 (2.3) and 6.8 (2.3) for control and MI arms ( P = .1) at baseline, respectively, and change in mean AUDIT-C score was not statistically different between arms over the 6 months ( P = .8). However, there was a statistically significant decrease in mean AUDIT-C score (−1.10; 95% confidence interval: −2.19 to −0.02, P = .046) among women in the MI arm. There was a nondifferential reduction in alcohol consumption overall, but MI appeared effective among women only. Studies with more than 1 counseling session and evaluation of gender differences in treatment response are needed.
Dimensional Comparison Theory
Authors: Helm Friederike , Mueller-Kalthoff Hanno , Nagy Nicole , Möller Jens
Published: May 2016

Dimensional comparison theory (DCT) defines dimensional comparisons as intraindividual comparisons that a person draws between his or her own achievements in two domains or subjects. DCT assumes that dimensional comparisons influence students’ academic self-concepts, causing stronger self-concept differences between subjects perceived as dissimilar, such as math and English, than between subjects perceived as more similar, like math and physics. However, there have been no experimental studies testing the causal effect of perceived subject similarity on domain-specific self-concepts. In the present research, three experimental studies analyzed the effects of experimentally induced higher or lower perceived subject similarity on academic self-concept differences: Study 1 ( N = 351), with math and German; Study 2a ( N = 148), with math and physics; and Study 2b ( N = 161), with English and German, show that, in line with expectations, induced lower perceived subject similarity led to stronger self-concept differences than did higher perceived similarity. Some implications of the results for DCT are discussed.
Randomized Phase II Evaluation of Bevacizumab Versus Bevacizumab Plus Fosbretabulin in Recurrent Ovarian, Tubal, or Peritoneal Carcinoma: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group Study
Authors: Monk Bradley J. , Sill Michael W. , Walker Joan L. , Darus Christopher J. , Sutton Gregory , Tewari Krishnansu S. , Martin Lainie P. , Schilder Jeanne M. , Coleman Robert L. , Balkissoon Jai , Aghajanian Carol
Published: May 2016

Purpose

The vascular disrupting agent fosbretabulin tromethamine selectively targets pre-existing tumor vasculature, which causes vascular shutdown and leads to cancer cell death and necrosis. Antiangiogenesis agents such as bevacizumab, a humanized antivascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody, might prevent revascularization during and after treatment with a vascular disrupting agent.

Patients and Methods

Patients with recurrent or persistent epithelial ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal carcinoma, measurable or detectable disease, and three or fewer prior regimens were randomly assigned to bevacizumab (15 mg/kg intravenously once every 3 weeks) or the combination of bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) plus fosbretabulin (60 mg/m2) intravenously once every 3 weeks until disease progression or toxicity. Randomization was stratified by disease status (measurable v nonmeasurable), prior bevacizumab, and platinum-free interval. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). The study was designed with 80% power for a one-sided alternative at a 10% level of significance to detect a reduction in the hazard by 37.5%.

Results

The study enrolled 107 patients. Median PFS was 4.8 months for bevacizumab and 7.3 months for bevacizumab plus fosbretabulin (hazard ratio, 0.69; 90% two-sided CI, 0.47 to 1.00; one-sided P = .05). The proportion responding (overall response rate) to bevacizumab was 28.2% among 39 patients with measurable disease and 35.7% among 42 patients treated with the combination. The relative probability of responding was 1.27 (90% CI, 0.74 to 2.17; one-sided P = .24). Adverse events greater than grade 3 were more common in the combination regimen than in bevacizumab only for hypertension (35% v 20%). There was one grade 3 thromboembolic event in the combination arm and one intestinal fistula in the bevacizumab only arm.

Conclusion

On the basis of the PFS, overall response rate, and tolerability of these two antivascular therapies, further evaluation is warranted for this chemotherapy-free regimen. Fosbretabulin in combination with bevacizumab increases the risk of hypertension.
Randomized, Prospective Evaluation Comparing Intensity of Lymphodepletion Before Adoptive Transfer of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes for Patients With Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Goff Stephanie L. , Dudley Mark E. , Citrin Deborah E. , Somerville Robert P. , Wunderlich John R. , Danforth David N. , Zlott Daniel A. , Yang James C. , Sherry Richard M. , Kammula Udai S. , Klebanoff Christopher A. , Hughes Marybeth S. , Restifo Nicholas P. , Langhan Michelle M. , Shelton Thomas E. , Lu Lily , Kwong Mei Li M. , Ilyas Sadia , Klemen Nicholas D. , Payabyab Eden C. , Morton Kathleen E. , Toomey Mary Ann , Steinberg Seth M. , White Donald E. , Rosenberg Steven A.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

Adoptive cell transfer, the infusion of large numbers of activated autologous lymphocytes, can mediate objective tumor regression in a majority of patients with metastatic melanoma (52 of 93; 56%). Addition and intensification of total body irradiation (TBI) to the preparative lymphodepleting chemotherapy regimen in sequential trials improved objective partial and complete response (CR) rates. Here, we evaluated the importance of adding TBI to the adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in a randomized fashion.

Patients and Methods

A total of 101 patients with metastatic melanoma, including 76 patients with M1c disease, were randomly assigned to receive nonmyeloablative chemotherapy with or without 1,200 cGy TBI before transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphcytes. Primary end points were CR rate (as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.0) and overall survival (OS). Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed for correlates of response.

Results

CR rates were 24% in both groups (12 of 50 v 12 of 51), and OS was also similar (median OS, 38.2 v 36.6 months; hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.91; P = .71). Thrombotic microangiopathy was an adverse event unique to the TBI arm and occurred in 13 of 48 treated patients. With a median potential follow-up of 40.9 months, only one of 24 patients who achieved a CR recurred.

Conclusion

Adoptive cell transfer can mediate durable complete regressions in 24% of patients with metastatic melanoma, with median survival > 3 years. Results were similar using chemotherapy preparative regimens with or without addition of TBI.
Endocrine Therapy for Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Guideline
Authors: Rugo Hope S. , Rumble R. Bryan , Macrae Erin , Barton Debra L. , Connolly Hannah Klein , Dickler Maura N. , Fallowfield Lesley , Fowble Barbara , Ingle James N. , Jahanzeb Mohammad , Johnston Stephen R.D. , Korde Larissa A. , Khatcheressian James L. , Mehta Rita S. , Muss Hyman B. , Burstein Harold J.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

To develop recommendations about endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor (HR) –positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Methods

The American Society of Clinical Oncology convened an Expert Panel to conduct a systematic review of evidence from 2008 through 2015 to create recommendations informed by that evidence. Outcomes of interest included sequencing of hormonal agents, hormonal agents compared with chemotherapy, targeted biologic therapy, and treatment of premenopausal women. This guideline puts forth recommendations for endocrine therapy as treatment for women with HR-positive MBC.

Recommendations

Sequential hormone therapy is the preferential treatment for most women with HR-positive MBC. Except in cases of immediately life-threatening disease, hormone therapy, alone or in combination, should be used as initial treatment. Patients whose tumors express any level of hormone receptors should be offered hormone therapy. Treatment recommendations should be based on type of adjuvant treatment, disease-free interval, and organ function. Tumor markers should not be the sole criteria for determining tumor progression; use of additional biomarkers remains experimental. Assessment of menopausal status is critical; ovarian suppression or ablation should be included in premenopausal women. For postmenopausal women, aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are the preferred first-line endocrine therapy, with or without the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor palbociclib. As second-line therapy, fulvestrant should be administered at 500 mg with a loading schedule and may be administered with palbociclib. The mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus may be administered with exemestane to postmenopausal women with MBC whose disease progresses while receiving nonsteroidal AIs. Among patients with HR-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive MBC, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–targeted therapy plus an AI can be effective for those who are not chemotherapy candidates.
Zebrafish fin regeneration after cryoinjury-induced tissue damage
Authors: Chassot Bérénice , Pury David , Jaźwińska Anna
Published: May 2016

Although fin regeneration following an amputation procedure has been well characterized, little is known about the impact of prolonged tissue damage on the execution of the regenerative programme in the zebrafish appendages. To induce histolytic processes in the caudal fin, we developed a new cryolesion model that combines the detrimental effects of freezing/thawing and ischemia. In contrast to the common transection model, the damaged part of the fin was spontaneously shed within two days after cryoinjury. The remaining stump contained a distorted margin with a mixture of dead material and healthy cells that concomitantly induced two opposing processes of tissue debris degradation and cellular proliferation, respectively. Between two and seven days after cryoinjury, this reparative/proliferative phase was morphologically featured by displaced fragments of broken bones. A blastemal marker msxB was induced in the intact mesenchyme below the damaged stump margin. Live imaging of epithelial and osteoblastic transgenic reporter lines revealed that the tissue-specific regenerative programmes were initiated after the clearance of damaged material. Despite histolytic perturbation during the first week after cryoinjury, the fin regeneration resumed and was completed without further alteration in comparison to the simple amputation model. This model reveals the powerful ability of the zebrafish to restore the original appendage architecture after the extended histolysis of the stump.
Evi Karouzou, Les jardins de la Méditerranée. Agriculture et société dans la Grèce du Sud 1860-1910, Académie d’Athènes – Centre de recherche sur l’histoire moderne et contemporaine de l’hellénisme, Athènes 2014
Authors: ΒΕΡΡΑΡΟΥ ΣΤΑΥΡΟΥΛΑ Α.
Published: May 2016

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