bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The MDTKSB: a measure of multidimensional tacit knowledge sharing behavior scale for service organizations
Authors: Mahajan Vibha , Sharma Jyoti , Soni Pavleen
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Sharing of knowledge has always been accredited as the indispensable segment of knowledge management. As knowledge management practices are growing within the organizations, it is important that correspondingly, valid and reliable knowledge sharing behavior scales are developed to avoid validation issues. Therefore, this composition describes the development and validation of multi-dimensional tacit knowledge sharing behavior scale.

Design/methodology/approach

Herein, two analytical techniques, namely, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis have been used to derive the composition of the constructs.

Findings

The study proposes four-dimensional tacit knowledge sharing behavior scale for services which include voluntarily tacit knowledge donation, involuntary tacit knowledge collection, involuntarily tacit knowledge collection and voluntary tacit knowledge collection.

Research limitations/implications

A more holistic approach to the tacit knowledge sharing behavior construct has been proposed, which is helpful in contributing to the literature of tacit knowledge sharing behavior of employees. Additionally, it has made an attempt to eliminate the gap as voiced by most of the literature related to tacit knowledge sharing in service industries which has focused upon western service sectors and limited research is available in the Asian context.

Practical implications

The ingenuity of the scale lies in the fact that it measures voluntary and involuntary aspects of tacit knowledge sharing behavior of employees which can be used by the organization to develop knowledge management plans and knowledge sharing practices based on the identified strategies.

Originality/value

The study is one of its kind that has considered various aspects namely, knowledge donation, knowledge collection, voluntary knowledge sharing and involuntary knowledge sharing together.
Key pillars in a business ecosystem success
Authors: Alet Josep
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the dimensions that foster the accomplishment of goals of business ecosystems.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reviews recent contributions to business ecosystems and identifies the key pillars that support the achievement of good results.

Findings

The paper suggests that entanglement with the customers, value sharing based on a holistic win-win approach, organizational entrepreneurship alignment and continuous smart learning are four dimensions of criticality for designing an effective business ecosystem. These four dimensions nurture the relationships between participants and external actors to make ecosystems successful. Entanglement with the customer is critical to the long-term relevance of the value proposition that reinforces companies’ relationships within the second pillar of value sharing in a win-win system. The development is structured in an organizational alignment where entrepreneurship is the engine, from the employees themselves to the largest corporations, and is enriched with continuous learning based on the exploitation of knowledge and big data.

Research limitations/implications

The paper identifies a set of four pillars of business ecosystem design for further empirical analysis by ecosystem researchers.

Practical implications

The paper provides managers and professionals with strategies to develop effective growth within business ecosystems.

Originality/value

The authors contribute a fresh perspective to the business ecosystems literature by identifying four key pillars of success in the current business landscape.
Awareness, use and attitudes of the Indian higher educational institutions students about scholarly open access: an empirical analysis
Authors: Palla Ishfaq Ahmad , Sheikh Arslan , Baquee Abdul
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Open access is a new scholarly publishing model that has appeared in place of the commercial publishing model. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of awareness, use and attitudes of the Indian students in higher educational institutions about scholarly open access.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey method was used in the study. The sample population of the study was 212 Indian students belonging to different higher educational institutions in India.

Findings

The results of the study reveal a gloomy picture about the open access (OA) awareness and use among Indian students. Unfamiliarity with the OA journals and high publication fee were the main obstacles for the students not to publish in OA journals. However, a majority of the students reported their willingness to publish in OA journals in future if the obstacles are removed. A very meager ratio of the respondents had published in OA journals so far. In addition, motivational factors for publishing in OA journals were also taken into consideration, and respondent's indicated winning research grants, great impact and higher citations as main factors to publish in OA journals.

Research limitations/implications

This study is geographically limited to the students of the higher educational institutions located in India.

Practical implications

This study will help to understand the involvement and behavior of the Indian students toward scholarly open access. The study will also guide what measures need to be taken in the take up of open access movement.

Originality/value

Institutional repositories appeared to be relatively a novel term for the respondents, and in order to get the citation advantages and higher visibility, librarians can make an effort to persuade students to publish their research work in open access journals and institutional/subject repositories. The study recommends that institutions need to take appropriate measures to inform students about the importance and overall benefits associated with using of OA platforms in their scholarly work.
Learning from lived experience: Outcomes associated with students' involvement in co‐designed and co‐delivered recovery‐oriented practice workshops
Authors: Scanlan Justin Newton , Berry Bridget , Wells Karen , Somerville Jennie
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Learning from individuals with lived experience is considered an important element of developing recovery‐oriented practice capabilities in mental health contexts. Additionally, service user involvement in the education of occupational therapy students is a requirement in accreditation standards. Despite this, many barriers to meaningful inclusion of Lived Experience Educators have previously been identified.

Method

This study evaluated the outcomes achieved by students who were involved in a unit of study that incorporated four recovery‐oriented practice workshops that were co‐designed and co‐delivered by Lived Experience Educators and an occupational therapy academic. Change over time was measured using the Recovery Knowledge Inventory (RKI) and the Capabilities for Recovery Oriented Practice Questionnaire (CROP‐Q). Change over time was evaluated using paired t‐tests. Students also provided qualitative feedback at the conclusion of the workshops. These comments were analysed using interpretive content analysis.

Results

Students' scores on the RKI and CROP‐Q both demonstrated statistically significant improvements from the beginning of the semester to the end of semester (RKI: 53.6–57.7, t = 6.3, P < 0.001; CROP‐Q: 75.6–77.0, t = 2.4, P = 0.019). The most common categories included in the qualitative comments were: “Learning from real experiences”; “Learning about how to be a better clinician”; “See the strength and resilience of the educators, reduce stigma”; “Learning about the negative aspects of the mental health system”; and “More effective than other types of learning”.

Conclusion

This study has demonstrated that students who engaged with the co‐designed and co‐delivered workshops improved their recovery knowledge and recovery‐oriented capabilities over the course of the semester. Qualitative feedback also suggests that students' attitudes and skills for future practice were also influenced in positive ways by engaging with Lived Experience Educators.
Your Behaviour Reflects Your Risk Attitude: The Influence of CEOs’ Insurance Behaviours on Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Wang Qian , Yan Weichen
Published: August 2022

This study explores how CEOs’ insurance behaviours outside the workplace, as measured by the premium rates of their self‐purchasing critical illness insurance, are related to corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. We show that such behaviours (i.e. the CEO‐insurance effect) capture the variation in CEOs’ risk aversion and are positively associated with CSR performance. We also find that our results align with the risk mitigation hypothesis rather than the agency conflict hypothesis. Additional analysis reveals that the main effect is more pronounced among firms in uncertain environments. Further evidence shows that accounting conservatism and internal control are potential channels through which the CEO‐insurance effect boosts CSR performance. Collectively, our evidence contributes to research on managerial risk attitude, heterogeneity in CSR policies and ‘off‐the‐job’ determinants of CEOs’ styles.
What are dually diagnosed patients’ problems represented to be in mental health? A WPR analysis of the multistability purpose of digital health records
Authors: Oute Jeppe , Bjerge Bagga , Davidson Larry
Published: August 2022

No previous studies have investigated how political measures, opinions and views of people with dual diagnoses, organisational requirements and professional values are purposefully communicated, mediated and/or integrated in digital records in mental health care. It remains unclear how health records function as both clinical vehicles for documentation, audit and quality assurance in patient care as well as political vehicles of power to articulate and reproduce idealised relations among actors and their roles in mental health. Informed by Bacchi’s ‘What’s the problem represented to be’ (WPR) approach, we consider how problems of dually diagnosed persons with co‐occurring mental health conditions and drug use (DDPs) are represented and how the tools required to fix the patients’ problems are communicated and legitimised in 10 digital health records consisting of 3830 pages of data. In the discussion, we distinguish their multiple purposes by discussing how their structure is shaped by broader discourses in health care. Then, we consider how the structure of records delineates professionals’ autonomy, discretionary action and service provision in ways that limit possibilities for including mental health patients’ experiences and exclude service users’ voices from care planning.
Fight or flight? Exploring suicide thoughts, experiences, and behaviours among correctional workers and their interventions of agency
Authors: Johnston Matthew S. , Ricciardelli Rosemary , McKendy Laura
Published: August 2022

Research indicates that, relative to the general public and most other types of public safety personnel, correctional workers are more likely to engage in suicide ideation, planning, and attempts. Yet, less is known about lived experiences towards, of, and beyond suicidality among correctional staff. To contribute to this gap in knowledge, the current study draws on qualitative, open‐ended survey response data (n = 94) to explore how Canadian provincial correctional workers navigate experiences of suicide, with a focus on the individual, personal, and social factors tied to experiences towards and of suicide thoughts and behaviours. By engaging the seminal works of Foucault, Žižek, and Deleuze and Guattari, we explore respondents’ distinct forms of agency when grappling with, challenging, and transcending thoughts around suicide. We then discuss the research implications, with an emphasis on providing correctional workers with confidential, non‐stigmatised well‐being and treatment‐seeking resources and processes, and more health care funding to fully cover timely and sufficient mental health treatment, prevention, and intervention.
Antihyperlipidemic effect and increased antioxidant enzyme levels of aqueous extracts from Liupao tea and green tea in vivo
Authors: Huang Shuoyuan , Chen Huan , Teng Jianwen , Wu Zhengmei , Huang Li , Wei Baoyao , Xia Ning
Published: August 2022

Liupao tea (fermented dark tea) may improve the active function of hyperlipidemia. Utilizing a hyperlipidemia Sprague‐Dawley model and UPLC‐MS/MS metabolomics, we examined how the effect of Liupao and green tea extracts on hyperlipidemia and antoxidant enzyme levels and compared their constituents. The results showed that the two types of tea could reduce the levels of total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C); increase the contents of bile acids and cholesterol in feces; and improve catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities. Compared with the model control group, Liupao tea effectively reduced TC and LDL‐C levels by 39.53% and 58.55% and increased GSH‐Px activity in the liver by 67.07%, which was better than the effect of green tea. A total of 93 compounds were identified from two samples; the amounts of alkaloids and fatty acids increased compared with green tea, and ellagic acid, hypoxanthine, and theophylline with relatively high contents in Liupao tea had a significantly positive correlation with antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects. Therefore, Liupao tea had better antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities in vivo than green tea, which might be related to the relatively high content of some active substances.
Difference in the nutritional, in vitro, and functional characteristics of protein and fat isolates of two Indian chia (Salvia hispanica L) seed genotypes with variation in seed coat color
Authors: Malik Amanda Manoj , Riar Charanjit S.
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to determine the association between the seed coat color of two chia seed genotypes for their composition, protein content, amino acid, and fatty acid profiles. The optimal pH for protein isolation for both genotypes (BCPI and WCPI) was 10, based on protein purity and solubility. Fatty acid profiling indicated, overall, 18 different fatty acids higher in BCPI10 with linolenic acid domination (∼66%) followed by linoleic acid (∼19%) and oleic acid (∼6%), contributing PUFAs (∼86%). Optimized protein isolates, black (BCPI10) and white (WCPI10) chia, had shown purity, L*‐value, solubility, and yields of 90.65%, 75.86%, 77.75%, 11.30%, and 90.00%, 77.83%, 76.07%, 10.69%, respectively. BCPI10 depicted higher EAA (33.19 g/100 g N) and EEA indices (57.676%) compared to WCPI10 (32.14 g/100 g N) and 56.360%, respectively. Amino acid profiling indicated higher, PER, TAA, TEAA, TNEAA, TAAA, TBA, acidic AA values for BCPI10, and higher leucine/isoleucine ratio for WCPI10 having leucine and sulfur amino acids as limiting amino acids. BCPI10 had higher sulfur‐containing amino acid contents, as the main contributor to the albumin a water‐soluble fraction, leading to its higher in vitro digestibility (71.97%) than WCPI10 (67.70%). Both isolates exhibited good WHC and OHC of 3.18, 2.39 and 3.00, 2.20, respectively. Both protein isolates had similar ∆Td (°C) values with some variation in FTIR spectrum from 1000 cm–1 to 1651 cm–1 having more peak intensity for BCPI10. SDS‐PAGE indicated bands at 150 kDa, representing globulin and mild bands at 25–33 kDa for glutelin and albumin. A significant (p < 0.05) variation reported in this study for protein and lipid profiles of both genotype attributes to genetic differences between the seeds.

Practical Application

Based on the nutritional profile, both chia seed isolates (black and white) are suitable for consumption with an edge for black seed when supplemented with their limiting amino acids. The high values of the functional properties and structural characteristics combined with high nutritional values make the chia protein isolate an excellent source of raw material for various food formulations. Fatty acid profile of the oils from the genotypes showed the presence of high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, especially the PUFAs with more number of fatty acids in black chia seed. The excellent lipid profile of chia seed oil indicates the benefit of using chia seed oil as a source of essential fatty acids in the human diet for optimal health.
A fablab at the periphery: Decentering innovation from São Paulo
Authors: Gil Liliana
Published: August 2022

In recent decades, many tech spaces have emerged worldwide to promote innovation. Based on ethnographic research, this article examines one of such initiatives in Brazil—a public laboratory of digital fabrication located in a low‐income neighborhood in the periphery of São Paulo. While scholars have exposed the neoliberal aspects of fablabs, this article aims to de‐center hegemonic understandings of innovation by attending to its situated practices. Analyzing the techno‐optimist aspirations and institutional legacies behind this laboratory, I explain how the US‐based fablab model was reconfigured in light of community concerns and previous Latin American experiments of digital inclusion. Against a monolithic image of tech collectives, I show how lab workers cultivated a diverse range of audiences and creative practices, specifically those of working‐class women. The article concludes with a call for more anthropological attention to overlooked tech practices as a means to imagine fairer and more solidary forms of innovation.
Retroperitoneoscopic resection of a large paraganglioma surrounded by the right diaphragmatic crus on the dorsal side of the inferior vena cava: A pediatric case report
Authors: Takimoto Aitaro , Sumida Wataru , Shirota Chiyoe , Makita Satoshi , Okamoto Masamune , Ogata Seiya , Takada Shunya , Nakagawa Yoichi , Kato Daiki , Goda Yosuke , Hinoki Akinari , Uchida Hiroo
Published: August 2022

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are rare tumors. A 10 year‐old girl was brought to the emergency room with complaints of sudden vomiting and convulsions, and was initially diagnosed with hypertensive encephalopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan showed a large mass (6 × 3 × 3 cm) on the dorsal side of the inferior vena cava, surrounded by the right diaphragmatic crus, and closely attached to the aorta. Blood noradrenaline, urinary normetanephrine, and noradrenaline levels were elevated. The final diagnosis was retroperitoneal paraganglioma, then, surgery was contemplated. The location of the liver and great vessels in front of the tumor made the commonly performed transabdominal approach complicated. Therefore, retroperitoneoscopic surgery was preferred for safer resection, with better visualization in a sufficient space with less risk of damaging the surrounding organs. The retroperitoneoscopic approach is a good indication for tumors located behind the great vessels.
Hepatopathy in Victorian dogs consuming pet meat contaminated with indospicine
Authors: Salmon S. E. , Hall S. L. , Phillips D. E. , Dries L. R. , Sarandopoulos J. , Coghill A. , Hawes M. C.
Published: August 2022

Background

Indospicine is an arginine analogue and a natural toxin occurring only in Indigofera plant species, including Australian native species. It accumulates in the tissues of grazing animals, persisting for several months after ingestion. Dogs are particularly sensitive to indospicine toxicity and can suffer fatal liver disease after eating indospicine‐contaminated pet meat.

Method

A disease outbreak investigation was launched following notification to Agriculture Victoria of a cluster of 18 dogs displaying acute, severe, hepatopathy in the East Gippsland Shire in June 2021.

Results

Between June and September 2021, 24 pet dogs died, and 40 others experienced liver disease after eating commercially prepared pet meat found to contain indospicine. The investigation identified the toxin in serum and liver samples from affected dogs and at high levels in some samples of pet meat eaten by the dogs. Twenty‐six horses that were moved from the Northern Territory and processed at a Pet Meat Processing facility (knackery) in eastern Victoria over a period of 14 days in late May–early June 2021 were identified as the likely source of the indospicine toxin in the pet meat. Pet meat produced by the knackery and on‐sold by several retailers was determined to be the cause of the illness and death in the dogs.

Conclusion

This is the first report of severe and frequently fatal hepatopathy in dogs in Victoria relating to consumption of pet meat contaminated with indospicine.
Hepatitis B virus movement through the hepatocyte: An update
Authors: Prange Reinhild
Published: August 2022

Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens that utilize cellular machinery for many aspects of their propagation and effective egress of virus particles from host cells is one important determinant of virus infectivity. Hijacking host cell processes applies in particular to the hepatitis B virus (HBV), as its DNA genome with about 3 kb in size is one of the smallest viral genomes known. HBV is a leading cause of liver disease and still displays one of the most successful pathogens in human populations worldwide. The extremely successful spread of this virus is explained by its efficient transmission strategies and its versatile particle types, including virions, empty envelopes, naked capsids, and others. HBV exploits distinct host trafficking machineries to assemble and release its particle types including nucleocytoplasmic shuttling transport, secretory, and exocytic pathways, the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport pathway, and the autophagy pathway. Understanding how HBV uses and subverts host membrane trafficking systems offers the chance of obtaining new mechanistic insights into the regulation and function of this essential cellular processes. It can also help to identify potential targets for antiviral interventions. Here, I will provide an overview of HBV maturation, assembly, and budding, with a focus on recent advances, and will point out areas where questions remain that can benefit from future studies. Unless otherwise indicated, almost all presented knowledge was gained from cell culture‐based, HBV in vitro‐replication and in vitro‐infection systems.
Island size predicts mammal diversity in insular environments, except for land‐bridge islands
Authors: Neto Gilson de Souza Ferreira , Benchimol Maíra , Carneiro Fernanda Melo , Baccaro Fabricio Beggiato
Published: August 2022

Insular environments are among the most endangered ecosystems as they face a myriad of anthropogenic stressors. Forest mammals perform a wide range of ecological services, with their persistence being vital for ecosystem functionality in both natural and artificial islands. Studies revealed that shrinkage in island size usually leads to the decay of mammal species richness and abundance in patchy landscapes. However, mammal species‐area (SARs) and abundance‐area (AARs) relationships can differ among insular environments: oceanic, fluvial, artificial, and land‐bridge islands (i.e., natural islands connected to the mainland). Large dams create vast insularized landscapes after river impoundment, leading to pervasive habitat loss and potentially causing even worse biodiversity losses than other insular systems. We conducted an extensive literature search and used meta‐analysis techniques to quantify the magnitude of SAR and AAR for forest mammals across different archipelago landscapes worldwide. After a screening process, we ended up with 26 studies comprising 55 different effect sizes representing the magnitude of SARs and AARs. Our global analysis unveiled a positive relationship between effect sizes and island area, with mammal species richness and abundance increasing in fluvial, oceanic, and artificial islands accordingly with island area, but not in land‐bridge islands. These results demonstrate that, except for land‐bridge islands, SAR and AAR are still fair models to predict mammal diversity. These results could improve the prediction of SAR and AAR in insular environments under habitat loss scenarios and propose sound conservation strategies since the rate at which insular communities have been lost is presently unknown.
Sensitization to molecular dog allergens in an adult population: Results from the West Sweden Asthma Study
Authors: Özuygur Ermis Saliha Selin , Borres Magnus P. , Basna Rani , Ekerljung Linda , Malmhäll Carina , Goksör Emma , Wennergren Göran , Rådinger Madeleine , Lötvall Jan , Lundbäck Bo , Kankaanranta Hannu , Nwaru Bright I.
Published: August 2022

Background

As the prevalence of dog allergy rises, component resolved diagnosis might improve the diagnosis, understanding of the clinical outcomes and the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Considering the paucity of data in adults, the current study characterized the patterns of sensitization to dog molecular allergens in an adult population.

Methods

Data were derived from the West Sweden Asthma Study, a population‐based and representative sample of adults from western Sweden. Of the 2006 subjects clinically examined, 313 participants sensitized to whole dog allergen extract were measured for specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels to Can f 1, Can f 2, Can f 3, Can f 4, Can f 5 and Can f 6 using ImmunoCAP™. Polysensitization was defined as sensitization to ≥3 components. Overlapping sensitization was defined as having concomitant sensitization to at least two dog molecular allergen families (lipocalin, albumin or prostatic kallikrein).

Results

Of 313, 218 (70%) subjects tested positive to at least one dog allergen component. Sensitization to Can f 1 (43%) was the most common, followed by Can f 5 (33%) among molecular allergens, while sensitization to lipocalins (56%) was the most common among component families. Polysensitization was found in 22% of all participants and was more common in participants with than in those without asthma. Subjects with asthma were less likely to be monosensitized to Can f 5 than those without asthma. Subjects with asthma had higher IgE levels of Can f 3, Can f 4 and Can f 6 than those without asthma. Overlapping sensitizations also differed between those with asthma and allergic rhinitis and those without.

Conclusion

Increased knowledge about the sensitization patterns of dog allergen components can aid in defining their role in asthma and rhinitis. In complex clinical cases of dog allergy, a detailed analysis of dog allergen components can provide additional information on the nature of sensitization.
A new POLH mutation in a consanguineous Chinese family with xeroderma pigmentosum variant type
Authors: OuYang Xiaoliang , Zhang Deng , Wang Xiuping , Yu Simin , Xiao Zhen , Li Chunming
Published: August 2022

We report a Chinese consanguineous family with a variant type of xeroderma pigmentosum (XPV), and identified one novel mutation in the patient. Our study expands the mutational spectrum of XPV.

Click here for the corresponding questions to this CME article.
Relationship between chronic hypoxia and seizure susceptibility
Authors: Xu YuanHang , Fan QingLi
Published: August 2022

Chronic hypobaric hypoxia in high‐altitude areas is closely related to the occurrence of many neurological diseases. Among these diseases, epilepsy is a common disease of the nervous system that is difficult to diagnose and treat, with a long treatment cycle. As of 2019, there were more than 70 million epilepsy patients worldwide, including 10 million in China. Studies have shown that chronic hypoxia promotes the occurrence and development of epilepsy, and elucidation of the relationship between chronic hypoxia and epilepsy is important for studying the pathogenesis of epilepsy and exploring the potential characteristics of epilepsy and new drug targets for epilepsy. In this article, we review the factors that may cause increased seizure susceptibility in chronic hypoxia and consider the potential relationship between chronic hypobaric hypoxia and seizure susceptibility in high‐altitude areas and prospects surrounding related research in the future.
Fisher–shark interactions: A loss of support for the Maldives shark sanctuary from reef fishers whose livelihoods are affected by shark depredation
Authors: Robinson Danielle , Newman Steven P. , Whittingham Mark J. , Francksen Richard M. , Adam M. Shiham , Stead Selina M.
Published: August 2022

Targets for protecting predatory species often fail to consider the human costs of conservation. Human–wildlife interactions can increase following conservation action and present a major ecological and socioeconomic challenge. Using semistructured interviews (n = 103), participatory mapping (n = 57) and Baited Remote Underwater Video Stations (50 h) we investigated fisher‐shark interactions in one of the world's principal shark sanctuaries. Seventy‐three percent of respondents reported an increase in shark depredation postsanctuary implementation. Fisher‐reported losses due to shark depredation varied significantly between fisheries and were disproportionately high for reef fishers (>21% of daily vessel earnings). This is attributed to extensive spatial overlap (55%–78%) between reef fishing activity and ecologically validated shark hotspots. We show significant correlations between perceptions of depredation and support for shark sanctuary regulations. Findings demonstrate the need to consider fisher–shark interactions in current and future conservation planning and suggest that management of depredation must be sensitive to diverging perceptions among fisher groups.
Gel immersion‐assisted endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gallbladder drainage using a fine‐gauge electrocautery dilator
Authors: Mandai Koichiro , Yoshimoto Takaaki , Uno Koji
Published: August 2022

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Treatment patterns and glycated haemoglobin levels over 36 months in individuals with type 2 diabetes initiating second‐line glucose‐lowering therapy: The global DISCOVER study
Authors: Charbonnel Bernard H. , Chen Hungta , Cid‐Ruzafa Javier , Cooper Andrew , Fenici Peter , Gomes Marilia B. , Saraiva Gabriela L. , Medina Jesús , Nicolucci Antonio , Shestakova Marina V. , Shimomura Iichiro , Surmont Filip , Tang Fengming , Vora Jiten , Watada Hirotaka , Khunti Kamlesh ,   the DISCOVER Investigators
Published: August 2022

Aims

To describe glucose‐lowering treatment regimens and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) trajectories in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) over 36 months of follow‐up from the start of second‐line therapy.

Materials and Methods

This data analysis from the 3‐year, observational DISCOVER study programme included 14 687 participants from 37 countries with T2D initiating second‐line glucose‐lowering therapy. Treatment and HbA1c data were collected at baseline (start of second‐line therapy) and at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. Treatment regimen changes over follow‐up were analysed using the McNemar test, with carry‐forward imputation for intermediate missing values.

Results

A total of 11 592 participants had treatment data at baseline and 36 months, and 11 882 had HbA1c data at baseline. At baseline and 36 months, respectively, rates of oral monotherapy use were 12.1% and 12.4% (P = 0.22), rates of dual oral therapy use were 63.4% and 47.6% (P < 0.0001), rates of ≥ triple oral therapy use were 17.5% and 25.4% (P < 0.0001), and rates of injectable treatment use were 7.0% and 13.7% (P < 0.0001). Use of injectable drugs was most common among participants with an HbA1c level ≥64 mmol/mol (≥8.0%). Overall, 42.9% of participants changed treatment during follow‐up. Mean HbA1c levels at baseline and 6 months were 67 mmol/mol (8.3%) and 55 mmol/mol (7.2%), respectively, remaining stable thereafter.

Conclusions

Dual oral therapy was the most common treatment regimen at the start of second‐line treatment, and over half of the participants remained on the same treatment during follow‐up.
A longitudinal study of headspace youth oriented mental health service satisfaction, service utilization and clinical characteristics
Authors: Ishay Gili Hoter , Zisman‐Ilani Yaara , Roe David
Published: August 2022

Aim

This study examined satisfaction with accessibility, staff attitudes, personal outcomes service components of youth‐oriented mental health service, Headspace, and those components' associations with psychological distress and functional status at intake, service utilization patterns and demographic characteristics at middle and end of treatment.

Methods

Data were collected between March 2016 and June 2018 from 112 participants (12–25 years) who consented and completed at least seven sessions at the Headspace youth integrated‐care centre in Israel using the centre's registries and the Youth Service Satisfaction Scale.

Results

Headspace participants attended an average of 12 sessions (SD = 3.12), they waited up to 2 weeks for their first intake (n = 57; 73%), after which most were offered a psychotherapy session (n = 80, 71%) within 2 months. Participants' satisfaction with Headspace was above the mid‐point for all service aspects. The overall effect for time was not significant, F(1) = 1.14, p > .05. However, a significant increase in satisfaction with personal outcomes was found between the middle and the end of treatment, F(2,4) = 3.11, p < .05 compared to all other aspects. The length of waiting time, level of distress, number of sessions attended by parents and age were correlated with satisfaction. Correlations were found with waiting time, distress level, number of sessions attended by parents and age.

Conclusions

High levels of satisfaction with Headspace service aspects strengthens the evidence for areas of importance in designing youth mental health services: youth‐friendly staff, general environment, accessibility and outcomes achievement.
Effects of oscillatory pressure mode on the sintering behavior of Al2O3w–ZrO2 composite in hot oscillatory pressing
Authors: He Hongtian , Shao Gang , Zhao Rui , Liang Yi , Wang Hailong , Fan Bingbing , Lu Hongxia , Xu Hongliang , Zhang Rui , An Linan
Published: August 2022

Hot oscillatory pressing (HOP) has been shown to be a more effective technology for sintering various material systems than hot pressing sintering due to the use of oscillatory pressure. However, the effect of oscillatory pressure parameters on the sintering behavior is not clear. In this paper, the effect of pressure amplitude, frequency, and mean pressure of oscillatory pressure on the sintering behavior was studied by using sapphire whisker reinforced zirconia ceramic composite as a model material. The obtained results were discussed by considering grain boundary sliding as a viscoelastic process. The current work would provide scientific guidance for determining optimized HOP parameters.
Impact of gas ultrafine bubbles on the efficacy of commonly used antimicrobials for apple washing
Authors: Unger Phoebe , Sekhon Amninder Singh , Bhavnani Kabir , Galland Andrew , Ganjyal Girish M. , Michael Minto
Published: August 2022

Ultrafine bubble (UFB) technology is a novel tool in food safety with potential to improve the efficacy of antimicrobials during produce washing. This research investigated the impact of incorporating gas (air and CO2) UFBs on the potency of chlorine (Cl2; 100 and 200 ppm) and peracetic acid (PAA; 40 and 80 ppm) antimicrobial solutions against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes on inoculated Gala apples. Apples were dip inoculated with either E. coli or L. monocytogenes, and dried at room temperature for 1 hr. Apples were then treated by dipping into Cl2 or PAA solutions with or without UFBs (CO2 or air) for 1 or 2 min. Apples were then transferred into bags containing Dey‐Engley neutralizing broth, and hand massaged for 90 s. Log reductions for respective antimicrobial treatments were calculated by subtracting post‐antimicrobial treatment bacterial populations from the initial bacterial populations on inoculated apples. Incorporation of CO2 UFBs in antimicrobial solutions resulted in significantly greater E. coli and L. monocytogenes reductions (2.1 and 2.4 Log CFU/apple, respectively) on apples compared to solutions without UFBs (1.4 and 1.9 Log CFU/apple, respectively). However, incorporation of air UFBs resulted in similar log reductions of E. coli and L. monocytogenes (1.9 and 2.2 Log CFU/apple, respectively) on apples compared to antimicrobials with CO2 UFBs and without UFBs. The 2 min treatment time for various antimicrobials resulted in significantly greater L. monocytogenes reductions (2.4 Log CFU/apple) compared to 1 min (2.0 Log CFU/apple), but no differences were observed for E. coli.
The hospital care experiences of older patients compared to younger patients
Authors: Elliott Marc N. , Beckett Megan K. , Cohea Christopher , Lehrman William G. , Russ Chelsea , Cleary Paul D. , Giordano Laura A. , Goldstein Elizabeth , Saliba Debra
Published: August 2022

Background

Hospitals may provide less positive patient experiences for older than younger patients.

Methods

We used 2019 HCAHPS data from 4358 hospitals to compare patient‐mix adjusted HCAHPS Survey scores for 19 experience of care items for patients ages 75+ versus 55–74 years and tested for interactions of age group with patient and hospital characteristics. We contrasted the age patterns observed for inpatient experiences with those among respondents to the 2019 Medicare CAHPS (MCAHPS) Survey of overall experience.

Results

Patients 75+ years (31% of all HCAHPS respondents) reported less‐positive experiences than those 55–74 (46% of respondents) for 18 of 19 substantive HCAHPS items (mean difference −3.3% points). Age differences in HCAHPS top‐box scores were large (>5 points) for 1 of 3 Nurse Communication items, 1 of 3 Doctor Communication, 2 of 2 Communication about Medication items, 1 of 2 Discharge Information items, and 2 of 3 Care Transition items. In contrast, for MCAHPS, those 75+ reported similar experiences to younger adults.

The magnitude of age differences varied considerably across hospitals; some hospitals had very large age disparities for older patients (age 75+ vs. ages 55–74), while others had none. These age differences were generally smaller for patients in government and non‐profit than in for‐profit hospitals, and in the Pacific region than in other parts of the United States. This variation in age disparities across hospitals may help to identify best practices.

Conclusions

Patients ages 75+ reported less‐positive experiences than patients ages 55–74, especially for measures of communication. These differences may be specific to inpatient care. Further study should investigate the effectiveness of hospital staffs' communication with older patients. Hospital protocols designed for younger patients may need to be adjusted to meet the needs of older patients. There may also be opportunities to learn from outpatient interactions with older patients.
Severity of functional impairments by race and sex in older patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Ye Fan , Nelson M. Benjamin , Bertoni Alain G. , Ditzenberger Grace L. , Duncan Pamela , Mentz Robert J. , Reeves Gordon , Whellan David , Chen Haiying , Upadhya Bharathi , Kitzman Dalane W. , Pastva Amy M.
Published: August 2022

Background

Older patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) have marked functional impairments, which may contribute to their delayed and incomplete recovery and persistently poor outcomes. However, whether impairment severity differs by race and sex is unknown.

Methods

REHAB‐HF trial participants (≥60 years) were assessed just before discharge home from ADHF hospitalization. Physical function [Short Physical Performance Battery; 6‐min walk distance (6MWD)], frailty (Fried criteria), cognition [Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)], quality‐of‐life [Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, Short‐Form‐12, EuroQol‐5D‐5L], and depression [Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)] were examined by race and sex.

Results

This prespecified subgroup cross‐sectional analysis included 337 older adults (52% female, 50% Black). Black participants were on average younger than White participants (70.3 ± 7.2 vs. 74.7 ± 8.3 years). After age, body mass index, ejection fraction, comorbidity, and education adjustment, and impairments were similarly common and severe across groups except: Black male and Black and White female participants had more severely impaired walking function compared with White male participants [6MWD (m) 187 ± 12, 168 ± 9170 ± 11 vs. 239 ± 9, p < 0.001]; gait speed (m/s) (0.61 ± 0.03, 0.56 ± 0.02, 0.55 ± 0.02 vs. 0.69 ± 0.02, p < 0.001); White female participants had the highest frailty prevalence (72% vs. 47%–51%, p = 0.007); and Black participants had lower MoCA scores compared with White participants (20.9 ± 4.5 vs. 22.8 ± 3.9, p < 0.001). Depressive symptoms were common overall (43% GDS ≥5), yet underrecognized clinically (18%), especially in Black male participants compared with White male participants (7% vs. 20%).

Conclusion

Among older patients hospitalized for ADHF, frailty and functional impairments with high potential to jeopardize patient HF self‐management, safety, and independence were common and severe across all race and sex groups. Impairment severity was often worse in Black participant and female participant groups. Formal screening across frailty and functional domains may identify those who may require greater support and more tailored care to reduce the risk of adverse events and excess hospitalizations and death.
Morphometric analysis of secondary palate development in human embryos
Authors: Nohara Aoi , Owaki Natsumi , Matsubayashi Jun , Katsube Motoki , Imai Hirohiko , Yoneyama Akio , Yamada Shigehito , Kanahashi Toru , Takakuwa Tetsuya
Published: August 2022

Rapid shelf elevation and contact of the secondary palate and fusion reportedly occur due to a growth‐related equilibrium change in the structures within the oro‐nasal cavity. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate complex three‐dimensional morphological changes and their effects on rapid movements, such as shelf elevation and contact, and fusion. Morphological changes during secondary palate formation were analyzed using high‐resolution digitalized imaging data (phase‐contrast X‐ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance images) obtained from 22 human embryonic and fetal samples. The three‐dimensional images of the oro‐nasal structures, including the maxilla, palate, pterygoid hamulus, tongue, Meckel's cartilage, nasal cavity, pharyngeal cavity, and nasal septum, were reconstructed manually. The palatal shelves were not elevated in all the samples at Carnegie stage (CS)21 and CS22 and in three samples at CS23. In contrast, the palatal shelves were elevated but not in contact in one sample at CS23. Further, the palatal shelves were elevated and fused in the remaining four samples at CS23 and all three samples from the early fetal period. For each sample, 70 landmarks were subjected to Procrustes and principal component (PC) analysis. PC‐1 accounted for 67.4% of the extracted gross changes before and after shelf elevations. Notably, the PC‐1 values of the negative and positive value groups differed significantly. The PC‐2 value changed during the phases in which the change in the PC‐1 value was unnaturally slow and stopped at CS22 and the first half of CS23. This period, defined as the “approach period”, corresponds to the time before dynamic changes occur as the palatal shelves elevate, the tongue and mandibular tip change their position and shape, and secondary palatal shelves contact and fuse. During the “approach period”, measurements of PC‐2 changes showed that structures on the mandible (Meckel's cartilage and tongue) and maxilla (palate and nasal cavity) did not change positions, albeit both groups of structures appeared to be compressed anterior–posteriorly. However, during and after shelf elevation, measurements of PC‐1 changes showed significant changes between maxillary and mandibular structures, particularly positioning of the shelves above the tongue and protrusion of the tongue and mandible. These results suggest an active role for Meckel's cartilage growth in repositioning the tongue to facilitate shelf elevation. The present data representing three distinct phases of secondary palate closure in humans can advance the understanding of morphological growth changes occurring before and after the horizontal positioning of palatal shelves and their fusion to close the secondary palate in humans successfully.
Purse‐string suture combined with subcision and dermal graft for the treatment of wide depressed scars and boxcars
Authors: Tsao Su‐Ben , Wu Cheng‐Chun , Lee Chien‐Chih
Published: August 2022

Background

Dermal layer injuries can result in depressed or indented scars even when there is no subcutaneous injury. These scars can result from acne, chickenpox, trauma, or skin infection. Several procedures, including primary closure, subcision, microneedling, and dermal grafting, have been reported to be used to treat depressed scars, boxcars, or acne cosmetics. These procedures have not, however, been shown to be very effective when applied to the treatment of deep depressed scars, boxcars, or acne cosmetics. In this retrospective study, we assessed scar improvement in patients with deep depressed facial scars and boxcars treated with our novel combination of techniques.

Methods

This study included all patients treated for deep depressed scars and boxcars at our clinic from 2018 to 2021. To be included, patients had to present in our clinic for the treatment of deep depressed scars or boxcars, have no prominent subcutaneous layer injury, and have full set of clear pre‐and post‐procedure photographs. All patients initially received technique combination including scar subcision, inner purse‐string suturing, and dermal grafting for the first stage surgery treatment. In cases of residual uneven superficial scars, laser dermabrasion resurfacing was used as second‐staged treatment. Preoperative and six‐month postoperative scar appearance photographs were assessed for improvement by our three nonmedical staff members and divided into four improvement groups, as minimal, moderate, good, and excellent.

Results

This study included a total of 24 patients (20 females and four males) with facial scarring. Two patients (8.3%) had moderate, 13 (54.2%) good and nine (37.5%) excellent improvement post‐treatment. There were no instances of minimal improvement. Four patients received second stage laser dermabrasion resurfacing for residual uneven superficial scars.

Conclusion

We concluded deep depressed scars and boxcars can be easily, safely, and effectively treated using our novel combined scar subcision, inner purse‐string suturing, and dermal grafting treatment with possible second‐staged laser dermabrasion, and without major complications.