bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AİLEVİ AKDENİZ ATEŞİ TANISINA EŞLİK EDEN HASTALIKLAR: TEK MERKEZ DENEYİMİ
Authors: PAÇ KISAARSLAN Ayşenur , ÖZDEMİR ÇİÇEK Sümeyra , ŞAHİN Nihal , TAŞKIN Sema Nur , POYRAZOĞLU Hakan , GÜNDÜZ Zübeyde , DÜŞÜNSEL Ruhan
Published: April 2020

Giriş:
Ailevi
Akdeniz Ateşi(AAA) tekrarlayan ateş, serozit, artrit atakları ile
seyreden,  otoinflamatuar hastalıkların
en sık görülenidir. Klasik bulguların yanında giderek artan oranda ve
çeşitlilikte eşlik eden hastalıkla beraber seyretmektedir.

             Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı çocuk
romatoloji merkezimize başvuran AAA tanılı çocuk hastalardaki eşlik eden
hastalıkları incelemektir.

             Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya takipteki 586 AAA tanılı hastadan
eşlik eden hastalığı olan 107 hasta alındı. Hasta dosyalarından yaş, AAA tanı
yaşı, klinik özellikleri, eşlik eden hastalık tanı yaşları, başvuru klinik ve
laboratuvar özellikleri, tedavileri kaydedildi.

             Bulgular:
Hastaların yaş median değeri 16(IQR: 11,5-18) yıl, AAA tanı yaşı 7(IQR: 4-10)
yıl olarak tespit edildi. Eşlik eden 1. hastalık tanı yaşı median 10(IQR:7-14),
2.sinin 11(IQR:7-15), 3.sünün 8(IQR:8-9) yıl idi. Hastalardan 96'sının (%89.71)
ekson 10 mutasyonu mevcuttu. Hastalarda IgA vasküliti 9(%1.53), Behçet
hastalığı 2(%0.34), poliarteritis nodosa(PAN) 1(%0.17), kutanöz PAN 2(%0.34),
ürtikeryal vaskülit 1( %0.17), oligoartiküler jüvenil idiyopatik artrit(JİA)
6(%1.02), poliartiküler JİA 3(% 0.51), EİA 37(%6.31), kronik nonenfeksiyöz
osteomyelit 7(%1.19), inflamatuar bağırsak hastalığı 3(%0.51), dirençli AAA 33(%5.63),
amiloidoz 4(%0.68), akut romatizmal ateş 3(%0.51), PFAPA 4(%0.86), çölyak
hastalığı 2(%0.34), psöriyasis 1(%0.17), morfea 1(%0.17), mukopolisakkaridoz
tip 6 1(%0.17) hastada tespit edildi.

             Sonuç: AAA tanısı ile takip edilen hastalar sistemik sorgu ve
muayeneleri dikkatli şekilde yapılarak atak durumları, ilaç uyumları ve eşlik
eden hastalıklar açısından değerlendirilmelidir.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tümörlerin Yönetimi: Bir Üniversite Hastanesinin Deneyimi
Authors: AKBAŞ Ahmet , BAKIR Hüseyin , DAGMURA Hasan , DAŞİRAN Mehmet Fatih , DALDAL Emin , ANGIN Yavuz Selim , OKAN İsmail
Published: April 2020

ÖZET

Amaç:
Gastrointestinal stromal tümör (GIST) gastrointestinal kanalın en sık görülen
mezenkimal tümörüdür. Özofagustan rektuma kadar tüm gastrointestinal kanal
boyunca izlenebilir. Son yıllarda radyolojik yöntemlerin kullanımının
artmasıyla birlikte GIST’lere daha sıklıkla rastlanmaktadır.

Gereç
ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada Ocak 2010- Ocak 2018 yılları arasında
hastanemizde tanı konulan ve cerrahi tedavileri yapılan 28 GIST olgusu
retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (BT)
görüntülerinden tümörün yerleşim yeri, boyutu, çapı ve tümörde nekroz varlığı
değerlendirildi. Ameliyatla çıkarılan tümörlü dokuların histopatolojik
incelemesinde tümör çapı, tümörde nekroz varlığı ve mitoz oranı belirlenerek
tümörler çok düşük, düşük, orta ve yüksek riskli olarak gruplara ayrılarak BT
görüntüleri ile karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular:
Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 66,64±10,30 olan 28
hasta (16 kadın, 12 erkek) alındı. Tümörlerin tamamı gastrointestinal sistemden
kaynaklanıyordu. Yerleşim yerine göre % 60,7 (n:17) mide, %32,2 (n:9) ince
barsak ve %7,1 (n:2) kolon kaynaklı, ilk başvuru anındaki en belirgin
şikâyetlerinin %67,8 ise karın ağrısı olduğu görüldü. Yüksek risk grubunda olan
hastalardaki tümörün diğer risk grupları ile karşılaştırıldığında BT’de
tanımlanan maksimum çap, santral nekroz ve metastaz görülme durumu arasında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık izlenmiştir(p<0,05). Histopatolojik
inceleme sonunda hastaların 9’u yüksek, 5’i orta, 4’ü düşük ve 10 hasta ise çok
düşük riskli olarak sınıflandırıldı. Hastaların hepsine cerrahi rezeksiyon
uygulandı. 19 hastanın ameliyatı açık, kalan 9 hastanın ise laparoskopik olarak
yapılmıştır.

Sonuç:
Radyolojik yöntemler GIST'lerin tanı, tedavi ve takibinde önemlidir. BT
radyolojik yöntemlerden en sık kullanılan tetkik aracıdır.

Anahtar
Kelimeler: Gastrointestinal stromal tümör, Bilgisayarlı
tomografi, Cerrahi tedavi
Avrasya denkleminde jeopolitk kırılma; Ukrayna
Authors: KAÇMAZ Muhammet
Published: April 2020

Ukrayna toprakları 1991 yılında SSCB’den bağımsızlığını ilan edene kadar doğulu ve batılı güçler arasında hep mücadele sahnesi olmuştur. 2014 yılında yapılan referandum sonucu Kırım’ın Rusya’ya bağlanması ile birlikte Ukrayna’nın jeopolitik önemi bir kez daha dünya gündeminin ana maddelerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Avrasya denkleminde jeopolitik kırılmalara neden olan Ukrayna toprakları tarihin her devresinde ya güçlü devletlere ev sahipliği yapmış ya da yayılmacı politika izleyen devletlerin hedef tahtasında yer almıştır. Bu nedenle günümüz dünyasında Doğu ve Batı arasındaki mücadelenin önemli fay hatlarından birini de Ukrayna teşkil etmektedir. Ukrayna’nın sahip olduğu güçlü tarımsal olanaklar, doğal kaynakları ve Rusya ile Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri arasında önemli enerji koridorlarından biri olması jeopolitik önemini ortaya koyan önemli nedenlerdir. Bu nedenlerle Ukrayna’nın iç ve dış politikası başta Rusya olmak üzere Avrupa Birliği ve ABD tarafından dikkatle takip edilmektedir. Ukrayna’ya komşu ve bölge ülkelerinin de kendi ülke ve bölge çıkarları için Ukrayna’ya yakın ilgi gösterme zorunluluğu da hesaba katıldığında dünyanın en önemli stratejik bölgesi Avrasya’nın batı kesimde yer alan Ukrayna’nın jeopolitik önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır. Jeopolitik önem açısından Türkiye ile oldukça benzer özellikler gösteren Ukrayna’nın geleceğini şekillendiren gelişmeler Türkiye’yi de yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Zira Karadeniz Havzası’nda yaşanacak her türlü olumlu ve olumsuz gelişme siyasi, askeri, ekonomik ve toplumsal açından Türkiye’ye de etki edecektir. Bu makalede Ukrayna’nın jeopolitik önemi, Ukrayna’nın geleceğini etkileyen ve şekillendiren iç ve dış etkenler (Rusya, AB, ABD) ile Türkiye-Ukrayna arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir.
Pathogen-Oriented Low-cost Assembly & Re-sequencing (POLAR): A highly sensitive and high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic based on whole genome sequencing v1
Authors: A. Adastra Per , C. Durand Neva , Godinez Saul , Mahajan Ragini
Published: April 2020

Here, we introduce a low-cost, high-throughput method for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, dubbed Pathogen- Oriented Low-Cost Assembly & Re-Sequencing (POLAR), that enhances sensitivity by aiming to amplify the entire SARS-CoV-2 genome rather than targeting particular viral loci, as in typical RT- PCR assays. To achieve this goal, we combine a SARS-CoV-2 enrichment method developed by the ARTIC Network (https://artic.network/) with short-read DNA sequencing and de novo genome assembly. For details on our computational pipeline for automated data processing, including documentation and test set, please visit our Githuh at https://github.com/aidenlab/Polar.
Popularization of European Values as a Task of the European Union Cultural Policy in Ukraine
Authors: Zvezdova Olesia
Published: April 2020

This article deals with the main features of European values and their importance for the process of common European identity forming. The essence and main functions of the EU cultural policy, its peculiarities are formulated. The author describes the place of European values among the basic principles of the cultural policy of the European Union. According to sociological polls, these values are close to Ukrainian society but do not associate with the European Union as a single community and do not contribute to the formation of European identity. The main functions of the EU’s cultural policy are promotion and dissemination of European values through cultural events, grants and tourism.

Approaches to common European values defining are analyzed, their degrees are structured. The author identifies the following basic European values: fundamental rights, including rights of communities and families; equality of all members of society, including minorities and regardless of gender; pluralism of thoughts; justice; self-realization; responsibility; unity; peace; respect for human life; democracy; legality; freedom of personality (freedom of expression, freedom of speech, freedom of the media); tolerance; solidarity; respect for human dignity; religion. The main differences between the European values and the common Western ones are emphasized.

The main ways of raising awareness and mechanisms for promoting European values among the Ukrainian population are summarized. But the formation of a new value system is impossible without the participation of the state and its institutions. It is concluded that the formation of a new value system will have a consolidating effect on the Ukrainian people. Therefore, the promotion of European values should become not only a task for EU cultural policy, but also a top priority for the Ukrainian authorities.
The pharmacoeconomic efficacy of chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms of the bronchus and lung
Authors: Yarovoy S. K. , Shikina I. B.
Published: April 2020

Aim: to conduct a pharmacoeconomic analysis of chemotherapy taking into account the types of malignant neoplasms of the bronchi and lung, and to calculate pharmacoeconomic efficiency.

Materials and methods. The materials for the study were the data of the Moscow Cancer Hospital n.a. D.D. Pletnev for 2019. The cost of drugs was calculated according to the data of the website aptekamos.ru (for June 2019).

Results and discussion. For 300 patients with squamous non-small cell lung cancer, it is required 3205.5 courses of chemotherapy of I (1747.5) and II (1458) lines. For 200 patients with non-small cell non-squamous EGFR positive lung cancer, it is required 1,413.1 courses of chemotherapy and targeted therapy. For 70 patients with non-squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer with ALK mutation, it is required 450.2 courses of chemotherapy and targeted therapy. For 280 patients with non-squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer lung cancer without mutations, it is required 7515 chemotherapy courses. For 150 patients with small cell lung cancer, it is required 1,656.8 courses of chemotherapy. Thus, a total sample of 1000 patients, excluding the type of malignant neoplasm of broncus and lung are required 14,239.8 chemotherapy courses. The determined cost of 67,000 rubles for the average chemotherapy course per patient takes into account the necessary colony stimulating factors, antiemetic, infusion solutions, etc.; in the case of treatment with erlotinib (the length of the course is 8 months), the cost is 663,408.0 rubles; in the case of treatment with crizotinib (the length of the course is 11 months course), the cost is 2044110.0 rubles. The average cost of drug therapy for one patient with malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung is 1136155.9 rubles.

Conclusion. We determined the pharmacoeconomic dependence of a chemotherapy on the type of malignant neoplasms of bronchus and lung and the main anticancer drug used. The median of the overall survival rate of patients with malignant neoplasms of bronchus and lung was 42 months. The average cost of drug therapy was 27051.3 rubles per month. The median survival rate without therapy is 3 months. Thus, therapy can extend the patient’s life by an average of 39 months. The cost of a month of a saved life is 29132.2 rubles.
Pharmacoeconomic efficacy of atesolizumab compared with other PD-1 inhibitors in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer after chemotherapy
Authors: Zyryanov S. K. , Diyakov I. N.
Published: April 2020

Aim: to evaluate the pharmacoeconomic efficacy of the application of the atesolizumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) preparation compared with other control point inhibitors (PD-1 inhibitors) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after chemothe rapy.

Materials and methods. Study design included a retrospective analysis of literature data and modeling. Based on the calculations conducted in a Microsoft Excel model, we analyzed the effect of minimizing costs on using comparable drugs with comparable efficacy; we evaluated how the provision of all patients with NSCLC will impact the health system budget taking into consideration the fact that all these patients are currently provided with PD-1 inhibitors in the second and third lines and with the atezolizumab preparation. For calculations, we used the prices stated in the state register of maximum selling prices; the weighted average maximum wholesale premium was calculated according to the Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS).

Results. In the analysis of cost minimization, atesolizumab proved itself to be highly clinically and economically effective. It allowed reducing the costs by 28.6% over 3 years compared with the use of nivolumab, and by 31.3% compared with the use of pembrolizumab in the second- and third-line NSCLC treatment regimen. Analysis of the impact on the budget showed that if all 848 patients currently receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the second- and third-line NSCLC treatment regimens had been initially provided with atesolizumab, this would have reduced the pressure on budget by 21.90% or 664.25 million rubles for 3 years.

Conclusion. The use of the atesolizumab preparation is pharmacoeconomically reasonable and appropriate in comparison with the use of nivolumab and pembrolizumab. It will allow reducing the cost of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the second- and third-line NSCLC treatment regimens.
Real-time RT-PCR diagnostics of virus causing COVID-19
Authors: Goncharova E. V. , Donnikov A. E. , Kadochnikova V. V. , Morozova S. A. , Boldyreva M. N. , Galkina I. S. , Blinov D. V.
Published: April 2020

Aim: the study was aimed to develop a reagent kit for the real-time RT-PCR diagnostics of virus causing COVID-19.

Materials and Methods.Three target sites were chosen in the genome SARS-CoV-2. The testing included 220 samples, 48 artificially created positive samples (made from patients’ biomaterial) and 172 clinical samples (scrapes from nasal and pharyngeal cavities, bronchoalveolar lavage, expectoration, endotracheal/nasopharyngeal aspirate, feces, post-mortem material), obtained from two medical centers. Preliminary, the obtained biomaterial was analyzed with a reagent kit of comparison. The evaluation was performed with a confidential interval CI 95%. The calculation of CI for the sensitivity and specificity was made based on the distribution of χ2.

Results.The authors developed a technology of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) real-time RT-PCR diagnostics for the application in practical healthcare and proposed the variants of testing at all the stages (preanalytical, analytical, and post-analytical, including automated results processing). The proposed reagent kit meets the requirements of the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. The study results demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity was 100% (95% CI) 95.6–100%; the specificity was 100% (95% CI) 96.7–100%.

Conclusion.The proposed reagent kit was registered in the RF as a medical product; the registration certificate No. RZN 2020/9948 dated 01.04.2020. The application of the reagent kit in network laboratories will provide patients with access to testing for the virus causing COVID-19 and contribute to quick differential diagnostics, improvement of pandemic control, and accurate statistics on the spread of the virus.
Economic challenges of oncological diseases’ pharmacotherapy
Authors: Ushkalova E. A. , Zyryanov S. K. , Gopienko I. A.
Published: April 2020

Oncological diseases rank high in the structure of population morbidity and mortality. They entail considerable direct and indirect economic costs. In the past decades, the cost of oncotherapy has increased significantly, which is largely conditioned by high prices of antitumor drugs, which on average increased by ten times in the past ten years. At the same time, many innovative medications have only minor advantages over cheaper old medications because they are registered based on the data on the achievement of the surrogate endpoint – extension of progression-free survival. The high cost of oncotherapy is associated with financial toxicity that affects negatively the patients’ quality of life, their adherence to treatment and consequently survival. To reduce the cost of oncotherapy, it is necessary to conduct pharma-economic analysis, the results of which can serve as the basis to negotiate price-cutting with the manufacturers, as well as to use high-quality generics and biosimilars as effective and safe as their originals, and to monitor effectiveness and safety of all antitumor drugs within the pharmacovigilance framework.
Drug provision and health technology assessment in France
Authors: Omelyanovskiy V. V. , Nikitina A. V. , Lemeshko V. A. , Khachatryan G. R.
Published: April 2020

The article presents the description of structural, organizational and methodological issues of health technology assessment (HTA) of French drugs as well as the state-reimbursable list of drugs. The HTA is conducted by an independent public body – French National Authority for Health (HAS). HAS evaluates medical products, procedures, services and technologies from a medical and economic points of view to make cost recovery decisions. HAS consists of two committees providing HTA: Transparency Committee and the Economic and Public Health Assessment Committee. Thus, the French HTA consists of two separate components within the same agency. The result of HAS evaluation of a drug is a conclusion on the level of clinical value and clinical added value, as well as the methodological quality of the studies and the size of the target patient population. Based on the evaluation results, HAS gives recommendations for the National Union of Health Insurance Funds, the Economic Committee for Healthcare Products and Ministry of Health and publishes its opinion on the HAS website. HAS decisions are of a recommendatory nature – the final decision whether to include the drug in reimbursement lists are made by the Ministry of Health and published in the Official Journal of French republic.
A clamorous refutation showed only the verity of the refuted: the article by I.Yu. Torshin, O.A. Gromova, and Zh.D. Kobalava “Repressions of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by adherents of evidence-based medicine” (2019)
Authors: Koterov A. N.
Published: April 2020

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Clamorous denial of “clamorous denial”: much ado... about nothing?
Authors: Gromova O. A. , Kobalava Zh. D. , Torshin I. Yu.
Published: April 2020

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Escenarios de conversación y aprendizaje
Authors: Salazar Estrada Maribel
Published: April 2020

El artículo expone los resultados de la investigación Del aula tradicional a las interacciones en el entorno virtual: modelo de caracterización asignaturas blended de la Universidad de Medellín, Colombia. Se analizan las particularidades de las asignaturas blended y las interacciones comunicativas entre profesores y estudiantes en la plataforma educativa UVirtual y la influencia que tiene el diseño gráfico en esta dinámica. El objeto de estudio son tres (3) asignaturas blended de la Facultad de Comunicación. Como técnicas de caracterización se trabaja con la observación, entrevista y la encuesta. En el proceso se devela una estructura común con leves variaciones según el enfoque de los docentes; se evidencia que los estudiantes prefieren la comunicación externa a la plataforma, pero utilizan el lenguaje de Internet y el diseño gráfico les facilita la aprehensión de la información. Como una de las conclusiones, al acercamiento a esta modalidad permite el desarrollo de nuevas competencias comunicativas y de manejo de información.
SOLAR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY THERMOCHEMICAL REACTION: DEVELOPMENT OF A PACKED-BED REACTOR
Authors: DARFİLAL Djamal
Published: April 2020

Solar water splitting is a promising process for the storage and conversion of sunlight power into clean-burning hydrogen gas, this paper presents a CFD analysis of hydrogen production via a proposed packed bed thermochemical receiver/reactor system. The idea of this study is the use of packed bed of spherical ceramic particles coated with active redox ferrite materials. The first step is an endothermic reaction, nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) dissociate thermally into nickel oxide (NiO), ferrous oxide (FeO) and oxygen at 1473 K, this reaction take place under 2 KW concentrated solar energy. The second is the hydrolysis step at 1073 K to form hydrogen and NiFe2O4, the latter is recycled to the first step for a new production cycle. The CFD code solves the momentum, energy and species transport equations. The temperature fields of the reactor solid & the fluid phases were attained using the local thermal non-equilibrium model (LTNE). The LTNE model sources terms were computed through the user-defined functions to couple the energy equations of the fluid phase and solid phase. The complete model was used to analyse numerically the reaction through the packed bed in order to predict the thermal behavior under different conditions (inlet velocity, packing arrangement and solar concentrated flux).
Abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women: sonographic and histopathological correlation and evaluation of uterine endometrium
Authors: Modak Rupali , Pal Amitrajit , Pal Amitava , Bose Kausik
Published: April 2020

Background: The objectives of the study was to establish the role of histopathological diagnosis of uterine endometrial lesions in patients of AUB at perimenopausal age and to correlate the transvaginal sonographic (TVS) finding with histopathological examination.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out over 1 and 1/2 years in the two apex level teaching hospitals in eastern India. A total of 197 women in the age group of 40-49 years and ≥50 years (up to 55 years) who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding were included in the study. After selecting the patient with eligibility criteria in the OPD, detailed clinical history, systemic and gynecological examinations and investigations were done as per proforma. TVS study of endometrial pattern and thickness was measured followed by dilatation and curettage (D and C) and HPE of the endometrial curetting was done.Results: Menorrhagia (44.67%) was the most common clinical finding. Mean endometrial thickness measured by TVS was 7.04±2.11 mm in proliferative phase and 10.25±1.27 mm in the secretory phase. Proliferative endometrium (37.06%) was the most frequent finding in HPE followed by secretory endometrium (20.3%). Hyperplasia of endometrium was noted in 27 cases (100%) at 12-15 mm of endometrial thickness on TVS whereas endometrial hyperplasia with and without atypia and endometrial carcinoma was noted in 25 cases (92.59%) at the same thickness of 12-15 mm of uterine endometrium on HPE. Endometrial hyperplasia and polyp both had sensitivity of 84.21% and 71.43% respectively on TVS as compared with histopathology.Conclusions: Increased endometrial thickness and echo pattern by TVS correlated well with abnormal endometrial tissue histopathology in perimenopausal women with AUB.
Study of spirometry parameters in suspected asthmatic children in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mishra Arpita , Ugra Deepak , Kumar Utpal
Published: April 2020

Background: Asthma in children is difficult to diagnose due to inability of young children to successfully perform spirometry. However some parameters in the spirometry which are relatively effort independent can be very helpful in confirming the diagnosis of asthma. This study was conducted to find out the most commonly affected spirometry parameter in the suspected cases of childhood asthma.Methods: Total 56 children were studied between 7 to 18 years who came for outpatient visit or admitted in the paediatric ward and were clinically suspected to be asthmatic based on asthma predictive index. They were subjected to spirometry in our institute. Baseline and post bronchodilator values of spirometry parameters were studied and analysed using standard statistical tests.Results: Baseline Forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75%) was found to be the most commonly affected spirometry parameter in confirming the diagnosis of suspected asthmatics and correlated with the clinical diagnosis of childhood asthma.Conclusions: FEF25-75% can aid in confirming the diagnosis of suspected asthmatic children who are otherwise not treated as asthmatics and remain undiagnosed in view of not meeting the established spirometry criteria for asthma due to poor performance and ignorance of looking at this important and effort independent parameter.
An observational study to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of refractive errors in children aged 3-17 years in Mumbai, India
Authors: Kerkar Sheela , Thombre Apurva
Published: April 2020

Background: Refractive error is one of the most important causes of avoidable visual impairment. Early detection of refractive error in children is essential to avoid any permanent disability. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of refractive errors as per age, gender and educational standard in school children aged 3-17 years.Methods: This was an observational non-interventional study. 600 eyes of 300 participants in the age group of 3-17 years were evaluated. All underwent cycloplegic refraction followed by objective refraction. Participants were divided into 3 groups as follows 3-8 years, 9-12 years and 13-17 years and evaluation of type of refractive error was done age wise and gender wise.Results: The number of male and female participants was almost similar with a male:female ratio of 1.02:1. Refractive errors were most common in the age group of 9-12 years. The most common refractive error was astigmatism followed by myopia and hypermetropia. It was also found that majority of patients had bilateral refractive errors.Conclusions: The most common refractive error was astigmatism followed by myopia and hypermetropia. It was also found that majority of patients had bilateral refractive errors. The visual acuity in majority was 6/18 which according to WHO classification falls in Category 0 of Visual impairment in India.
Cord lipid profile comparison of newborns of hypertensive mothers
Authors: Kaur Kanwalpreet , Thapar Karuna , Malhotra Preeti
Published: April 2020

Background: To compare the cord blood lipid profile of 100 newborn babies born to hypertensive (Group A) and normotensive mothers (Group B).Methods: Total 100 newborns were taken, 50 born to hypertensive mothers and 50 to normotensive mothers. 5ml umbilical venous blood was collected, after clamping the cord, from placental side of the cord and sent to laboratory for centrifugation. Serum was analysed for lipid profile by spectrophotometry by siemens dimensional Rxl- Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, High density lipoprotein and Low density lipoprotein and Very low density lipoprotein. Comparison of the cord blood lipid levels in both the groups was done.Results: Cord blood lipid profile was deranged in newborns of hypertensive mothers with Cord TC, TG and LDL being statistically significantly higher than the mean reference value and 95th centile. Cord blood of term newborns of hypertensive mothers had Cord TC TG and LDL being statistically higher whereas only Cord TC being statistically higher in preterm neonates of hypertensive mothers.Conclusions: Cord blood lipid levels were significantly deranged in newborns of hypertensive mothers. This helps us in providing the target population at risk and cord blood lipid profile of newborn serving as an indirect guide for lifestyle modifications and helping in early intervention and prevention of future coronary heart disease.
Levels of vitamin D in tuberculosis and comparison of vitamin D level in severe variant of tuberculosis like tubercular meningitis, miliary tuberculosis, disseminated tuberculosis with non severe variant of tuberculosis like pulmonary tuberculosis, tubercular lymphadenitis etc in paediatric age group
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Nainiwal Lalit
Published: April 2020

Background: Tuberculosis is deadliest disease killing nearly 2 million people every year. Before the etiologic cause of TB was determined by Koch, cod liver oil and sunlight, both sources of vitamin D, were used in treatment of tuberculosis. After discovery of antibiotics, anti-infectious value of vitamin D was ignored until increasing cost of antibiotics and rise in resistance led to the need to search for alternative and antibiotic-independent therapeutic strategies. This study shed light on vitamin D, which is very safe and inexpensive by adding vitamin D to antibiotic treatment, immune system can be boosted to help body to clear TB, rather than relying on antibiotics.Methods: A prospective, observational, comparative study in which 62 TB patients were taken and vitamin D level were estimated.Results: The results of study show that out of total 62 patients, 31 (50.00%) had deficient(<20ng/ml) vitaminD,23(37.10%) had insufficient(20-30ng/ml) vitamin D, 8(12.90%) had sufficient (>30ng/ml) vitamin D level. Out of 62 patients, 10(62.13%) had severe variety of TB and 52(83.87%) had  nonsevere TB. Among the 52 patients, 24(46.2%) had deficient vitamin D, 20(38.5%) had insufficient vitamin D and 8(15.4%) had sufficient vitamin D. Among the 10 patients with severe TB, 7(70.00%) had deficient vitamin D, 3(30.00%) had insufficient vitamin D and none had sufficient vitamin D level.Conclusions: Majority of children with tuberculosis demonstrated low serum levels of vitamin D (deficient and insufficient levels) suggest that vitamin D deficiency is  risk factor of tuberculosis and very low levels of vitamin D were noted in severe variant of TB then non severe suggest that in severe form of tuberculosis vitamin D levels were less compared to nonsevere variant.
Urinary calcium and bone mineral density in children with nephrotic syndrome treated with glucocorticoids
Authors: Patil Sharanagouda , Reddy Sanjeev
Published: April 2020

Background: Mainstay of therapy in the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis is considered as most prevalent type of secondary osteoporosis. Only limited studies are conducted in tropical nations. Therefore our study is undertaken with objectives to evaluate Glucocorticoid therapy impact on bone health in Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) children by 2 different tools, namely urinary calcium and bone mineral density (BMD) by Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and compare both the tools.Methods: Total 42 children with NS who completed minimum 12 weeks of Glucocorticoid therapy (6 weeks of daily regimen and minimum 6 weeks of alternate day regimen) were subjected to 24 hour Urinary calcium and Bone Mineral density by QUS at Tertiary health centre, Kalaburagi.Results: Out of 42 cases, 45.2 % had Osteopenia and 2.4% had osteoporosis, so 47.6% of them had BMD measured by QUS. Hypercalciurea was seen in 10 out of 42 cases (23.8%). In normal BMD group only 0.5% had hypercalciurea, Osteopenia group had 47.4% of cases and all osteoporosis group had hypercalciurea.Conclusions: Present study data concludes that children with NS treated with Glucocorticoids are at risk of Negative impact on bone health. Though both the tools detect impact of Glucocorticoids on bone health, BMD by QUS has better rate then urinary calcium in detecting negative effect of Glucocorticoid on bone health. As BMD by QUS decreases, Urinary calcium increases reflecting inverse relation between them.
Utility of transport risk index of physiological stability score for predicting likely outcome of extramural neonates transferred to NICU
Authors: Shah Deepali M. , M. Bhuvaneswari , S. Ramaprasad G.
Published: April 2020

Background: To accomplish ‘Mission Twenty - Twenty’ and to achieve ‘Sustainable Development Goal 3’, now we need to focus our attention more towards neonates being transported to higher centre in this very fragile period. We planned this study to assess demographic, transport and clinical characteristics of referred neonates and to determine whether TRIPS score serves as predictor of early neonatal mortality i.e. mortality within the first seven days after admission in these babies.Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study with analytic components was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital. All neonates ≥1 kg, born outside of this hospital, and referred here during study period for further management were included. All the data pertaining to clinical, demographic and transport characteristics were recorded. TRIPS score was applied at admission and was related with the final outcome within first seven days of admission; expired or survived. The association between the outcome and TRIPS score was tested using chi square test or fisher’s exact test. ROC curve analysis was done to find out optimum TRIPS score to predict mortality.Results: Neonatal mortality within first 7 days after admission is related to the TRIPS rating. The score of the survivors and neonatal deaths show a significant difference which is also even reflected by its individual components (p< 0.001). For a score of >18.5, a sensitivity of 89.47% and a specificity of 91.47%; area under the curve of 0.954 was determined.Conclusions: TRIPS score is a valid predictor of early neonatal mortality. The components of TRIPS score also correlate with early neonatal death. It is important to establish measures to improve physiological stability of the newborn before, during and after the transfer in order to reduce neonatal mortality.
Socio-demographic risk factors associated with febrile seizures at Puducherry: a retrospective study
Authors: . Gobinaath , J. Arun Daniel
Published: April 2020

Background: Febrile seizures occur commonly in the under 5 age group and is associated with few risk factors causing its recurrence like very high fever, family history of seizures, low sodium levels and younger age of onset which are subject to seasonal and wide geographical variations. This study aimed at detecting the major risk factors associated with recurrent febrile seizures in an Indian population.Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted among a total of 300 cases aged 6 months to 5 years attending to the paediatric OPD with history of fever followed by febrile seizures. Information regarding socio-demographic and clinical variables associated with febrile seizure was collected and analyzed.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 25.6±2.2 months and majority (60%) were males. Family history of seizures was present in 25.3% (n=76) of the children with febrile seizures. Respiratory infections (73.3%) and gastroenteritis (17%) were the major infective reasons associated with the occurrence of febrile seizures followed by pneumonia (6.3%) and urinary tract infections (5%). Recurrence of FS was significantly higher among the children with family history of FS (p=0.009), age at onset lesser (p<0.001) and simple FS seizures.Conclusions: Younger age at onset and positive family history of seizures were important socio-demographic risk factors associated with recurrent febrile seizures.
Necrotizing enterocolitis: a case report
Authors: Bhatti Karandeep S. , Singh Arvinder
Published: April 2020

Nectrotizing enterocilitis(NEC), a disease predominant in the premature formula fed infants, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in NICU survivors. The symptoms may vary from apnea, fever, lethargy to abdominal distension, bloody stools, poor feeding and vomiting. The mainstay of treatment is the IV feeds, discontinuation of oral feeds, nasogastric (NG) decompression, possible breathing support and surgery. The objective of this case report is to discuss the presentation, treatment, prognosis and proposed preventative measures of NEC, which can help raise awareness and henceforth improve the management and subsequent prognosis of this disease. Authors present to you the case report of a VLBW (Very Low Birth Weight) premature infant with NEC.
Bladder exstrophy with inguinal hernia: a case report
Authors: Ansari Tazeem Fatima , Gandhi Prachi , Wade Poonam , Singh Vinaya Lichade , Khedkar Kiran , Malik Sushma
Published: April 2020

Exstrophy of urinary bladder with epispadias involves protrusion of the urinary bladder through a defect in the lower abdominal wall accompanied by separation of pubic symphysis. It is a rare but challenging condition that causes significant physical, functional, social, sexual and psychological problems later in life. Bladder exstrophy commonly involves males and most cases are sporadic.  Inguinal hernia is a complication associated with bladder exstrophy and it occurs due to lack of obliquity of the inguinal canal secondary to pubic diastasis.  Authors report here, a case of antenatally diagnosed case of classic bladder exstrophy associated with left sided inguinal hernia which was incidentally diagnosed on tenth day of life. Our neonate underwent primary bladder closure with herniotomy. Staged reconstruction of epispadias and bladder neck has been planned at a later date. Recurrence of inguinal hernia after repair is common and bilateral inguinal exploration while performing herniotomy is advised to prevent its recurrence. Prognosis of such cases depends on the degree of continence achieved. With timely reconstructive surgery, continence rates can be as high as 60-70 percent.
Turner syndrome in a neonate
Authors: Patil Namrata , Wade Poonam , Singh Vinaya , Gandhi Prachi , Malik Sushma
Published: April 2020

Turner’s syndrome (TS) is the common chromosomal abnormality. However, it is diagnosed rarely in the neonatal period. In many cases the diagnosis of TS may be delayed until childhood, when evaluation for short stature yields the diagnosis, or adolescence, when combination of growth failure and pubertal delay suggests the possibility of TS. Girls with TS are usually treated with growth hormone and oestrogen replacement therapies for short stature and oestrogen deficiency. A multidisciplinary team is usually required for management. Authors report an 11 day old infant who was diagnosed as Turner’s syndrome. The classic clinical feature, lymphoedema clinched the diagnosis in our case which was confirmed by chromosomal analysis. The infant was discharged and asked to follow up for regular growth monitoring and parents were counselled regarding the condition.
Wilson disease: early screening for better living
Authors: Jagatha Maha Lakshmi , Arunagirinathan Arulkumaran , Kumar Bondada Hemanth
Published: April 2020

Autosomal recessive diseases are more common among consanguineous marriages noted particularly in southern parts of India. There is a gradual increase in the genome wide homogenecity with the increasing levels of consanguinity. Here we are reporting a case series of such an autosomal recessive condition, namely Wilson Disease (WD), where three children were affected with the disease, who were born out of consanguineous marriages. The first case presented with neuropsychiatric manifestations, the second case and third cases were diagnosed through screening of family members leading to earlier identification of the disease. In these cases consanguinity has been emphasised as the major predisposing factor leading to their manifestations. This case series highlights the importance of screening the other family members of the index case. Conditions such as Wilson disease have an excellent prognosis if pharmacotherapy is initiated appropriately.
Congenital chylothorax: a rare entity
Authors: Gandhi Prachi , Malik Sushma , Jamkar Nilesh N. , Singh Vinaya A. , Wade Poonam
Published: April 2020

Pleural effusions in a neonate are generally congenital in about one third of the cases and acquired in the remaining two thirds. Congenital isolated pleural effusion is rare. It has an incidence of approximately 1 in 12000 to 1 in 15000 pregnancies. Chylothorax is the most common cause of neonatal congenital pleural effusion. Incidence of congenital chylothorax is 1 in 8600 to 1 in 10000 deliveries with a male to female ratio of 2:1. It poses both a diagnostic as well as therapeutic challenge to the neonatologist. Authors hereby present a rare case of congenital chylothorax which was medically managed and discharged. The neonate responded well to octreotide and medium chain triglyceride (MCT)-diet and was discharged without any complications.
Atypical arthritis in a toddler: beware, save the heart
Authors: Boopathy Sharani , Thandapani Kanimozhi , Arunagirinathan Arulkumaran
Published: April 2020

Acute rheumatic fever still poses a dreadful threat to pediatric morbidity and mortality. A 2 year old toddler presented to us with non migratory polyarticular joint pain and swelling. General physical and systemic examination was normal. Local examination revealed swelling and tenderness of multiple small and large joints. Further evaluation fulfilled Modified Jones criteria and she was diagnosed to have acute rheumatic fever. Other close differentials were simultaneously ruled out. Child was started on naproxen because of aspirin toxicity. There was significant response for therapy and complete resolution of joint involvement was noted on follow up. We report this case to emphasize the fact that rheumatic fever might have bizarre clinical presentation and may also affect infants and toddlers deviating the typical age of onset. There is a need for earliest possible initiation of adequate management and follow up to prevent permanent cardiac complications. This warrants high index of suspicion even in uncommon age group.
Application of a wavelet transform for multispectral image fusion
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Borisova I.V.
Published: April 2020

A method of image fusion based on wavelet decomposition of the original images is considered. An integrated monochrome image is formed from images of the same scene obtained in different spectral ranges. A strategy for fusing detail coefficients by comparing the proportions of their magnitudes for all original images is proposed. The fusion procedure does not require any thresholds. This fusion procedure can be performed for any number of original images. The algorithm does not introduce additional distortions and collects all the necessary information from the original images. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the results was performed. The proposed algorithm can be used in optoelectronic systems for automatic image processing.
Correction of chromatism of dual-infrared zoom lenses
Authors:   Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Greisukh G.I. , Ezhov E.G. ,   Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Antonov A.I. ,   Penza State University of Architecture and Construction
Published: April 2020

Using the example of a simple-by-design mid-wave and long-wave dual-band infrared zoom lens consisting of three two-lens components made of silicone and germanium, the possibility of reducing chromatic and monochromatic aberrations to a level that ensures sufficiently high quality of the formed image is demonstrated at spatial frequencies of up to 25 inverse millime-ters. As one of the possible ways to modify the zoom lens, it is proposed to place a two-layer two-relief diffractive microstructure on the flat surface of the refractive lens closest to the aperture stop. The efficiency of the transition to the refractive-diffraction scheme is confirmed by the results of calculation and optimization of a zoom lens, the two-lens components of which are made of silicone and amorphous glass of the IRG26 brand.
COVID-19 epidemic: Hospital-level response
Authors: Eghbali Mohammad , Negarandeh Reza , Froutan Razieh
Published: April 2020

This article is an Editorial and does not include an Abstract.
Statistical Downscaling for the Projection of the Keetch Byram Drought Index in the Barito Basin
Authors: Farahnaz Nadia , Kuntoro Arno Adi , Kusuma M. Syahril Badri
Published: April 2020

Over the last few decades, prolonged drought in Indonesia has led to a catastrophic wildfire hazard, including on Kalimantan Island. The Barito River basin is one of the major river basins on the island, located in South and Central Kalimantan Provinces. According to The Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management (BNPB), the drought hazard index in the southern part of Kalimantan is mostly at the medium to high-risk level. In terms of Integrated Water Resources (IWRM), more detailed drought risk analysis needs to be conducted at the river basin level, so that drought adaptation and mitigation strategies can be integrated into long-term river basin management plans. In this study, a drought projection of the Barito River basin was simulated by using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5). A coarse grid of CMIP5 data was statistically downscaled to a smaller grid over the basin area. Data from climatology observation stations and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) were used to calibrate the bias correction function of the CMIP5 data. This function for rainfall data was developed based on the rainfall probability curve, while the bias correction function for temperature data was developed based on the elevation-temperature relation. The bias-corrected rainfall and temperature data were used as input for the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) analysis. The study shows that the potential for drought hazard may increase in the future. Drought projection in the Barito basin for 2050 using KBDI shows that the potential areas with medium and high drought risk may cover around 50% and 2%, respectively, or about 35,000km2 and 1,400km2. The occurrence of wildfires also has a strong correlation with the drought index. A comparison between 1998 and 2015 fire hotspot data shows that most hotspots were located in areas in the medium and high drought risk categories. The study shows the importance of climate change impact analysis to prevent more catastrophic hazards in the future, especially in the Barito River basin, Kalimantan Island.
Support Vector Machine Algorithm for SMS Spam Classification in The Telecommunication Industry
Authors: Amir Sjarif Nilam Nur , Yahya Yazriwati , Chuprat Suriayati , Mohd Azmi Nurul Huda Firdaus
Published: April 2020

In recent years, we have withnessed a dramatic increment volume in the number of mobile users grows in telecommunication industry. However, this leads to drastic increase to the number of spam SMS messages. Short Message Service (SMS) is considered one of the widely used communication in telecommunication service. In reality, most of the users ignore the spam because of the lower rate of SMS and limited amount of spam classification tools. In this paper, we propose a Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm for SMS Spam Classification. Support Vector Machine is considered as the one of the most effective for data mining techniques. The propose algorithm have been evaluated using public dataset from UCI machine learning repository. The performance achieved is compared with other three data mining techniques such as Naí¯ve Bayes, Multinominal Naí¯ve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor with the different number of K= 1,3 and 5. Based on the measuring factors like higher accuracy, less processing time, highest kappa statistics, low error and the lowest false positive instance, it’s been identified that Support Vector Machines (SVM) outperforms better than other classifiers and it is the most accurate classifier to detect and label the spam messages with an average an accuracy is 98.9%. Comparing both the error parameter overall, the highest error has been found on the algorithm KNN with K=3 and K=5. Whereas the model with less error is SVM followed by Multinominal Naí¯ve Bayes. Therefore, this propose method can be used as a best baseline for further comparison based on SMS spam classification.