bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell and Cell Culture Phantoms for Benchmarking Quantitative Phase Microscopes
Authors: Ziemczonok Michal , Desissaire Sylvia , Cantat-Moltrecht Tigrane , Kujawinska Malgorzata
Published: August 2024

We demonstrate how to design and fabricate artificial cells and cell cultures based on phase images of real specimens. Such cell phantoms enable benchmarking and validation of most quantitative phase imaging instruments in real-world applications.
Phase Correlation Spectroscopy: Microparticles Diffusion Coefficient Determination
Authors: Bhatt Sunil , Joshi Himanshu , Butola Ankit , Agarwal Krishna , Mehta Dalip Singh
Published: August 2024

We propose the idea of phase correlation spectroscopy to investigate the dynamics of diffusion of microparticles in the vicinity of large detection volume utilizing the time-resolved measurements of fluctuations in the phase of the particle.
Distributed information-theoretical secure protocols for quantum key distribution networks against malicious nodes
Authors: Luo Yi , Li Qiong , Mao Hao-Kun
Published: August 2024

Quantum key distribution (QKD) networks are expected to enable information-theoretical secure (ITS) communication over a large-scale network. Most research on relay-based QKD networks assumes all relays or nodes are completely trustworthy. However, this assumption is unreasonable because the malicious behavior of even a single node can undermine the security of the entire network. Currently, there is no method to directly distinguish between honest nodes and malicious nodes. Moreover, the status of nodes as honest or malicious can be dynamic. Therefore, a solution is needed that can withstand a certain proportion of malicious nodes in QKD networks. We propose a novel paradigm, inspired by distributed systems, to address the active and passive attacks by collaborating with malicious nodes in QKD networks. First, regarding security, we propose the ITS distributed authentication scheme, which additionally ensures two crucial security properties to QKD networks: identity unforgeability and non-repudiation. Second, concerning correctness, we propose an ITS fault-tolerant consensus scheme based on our ITS distributed authentication to ensure global consistency. This enables participating nodes to collaborate correctly and complete end-to-end key distribution within a constant number of communication rounds. Through our simulation, we have shown that our scheme exhibits a significantly lower growth trend in key consumption compared to the original end-to-end pre-shared keys scheme. For instance, in larger networks, such as when the number of nodes is 80, our scheme’s key consumption is only 13.1% of the pre-shared keys scheme.
Multicore-fiber submarine systems [Invited]
Authors: Mateo Eduardo F.
Published: August 2024

This paper reviews and analyzes multicore-fiber technologies in the context of submarine networks. As global/transcontinental capacity continues to grow at a large and steady pace, the subsea industry is challenged to deliver technologies that provide large-capacity networks in a faster, greener, and cost-effective fashion. Multicore fiber has been considered as a serious candidate for next-generation systems with the ability to maintain standard cable size at large core counts. This paper analyzes the technoeconomics of next-generation submarine systems including variables such as equipment size versus marine cost and other critical elements (not analyzed before, to our knowledge) for submarine system implementation. In this context, this paper also analyzes the state-of-the-art of multicore subsystems and components and discusses their roadmaps, requirements, and evolution toward the realization of a multicore ecosystem for next-generation SDM systems.
How many surfaces can you distinguish by color? Real environmental lighting increases discriminability of surface colors
Authors: Morimoto Takuma , Linhares João M. M. , Nascimento Sérgio M. C. , Smithson Hannah E.
Published: August 2024

Color supports object identification. However, two objects that differ in color under one light can appear indiscriminable under a second light, a phenomenon known as illuminant metamerism. Past studies evaluated the frequency of illuminant metamerism only under single, uniform illuminants. Here we used computer-graphics techniques to simulate a pair of planar surfaces placed under newly measured hyperspectral illumination maps that quantify the directional variability of real-world lighting environments. We counted the instances of illuminant metamerism that can be solved simply by viewing surfaces tilted to a different direction. Results show that most instances of illuminant metamerism can in theory be resolved for both trichromatic and dichromatic observers, suggesting that the physical directional variability available in natural lighting environments substantially mitigates the biological limitations of trichromacy or dichromacy.
Flexible technique for global calibration of multi-view stereo vision with a non-overlapping FOV using linear structured light projector
Authors: Wang Yue , Li Zihao , Zhou Lei , Luo Jiale , Han Xueyou , Wang Xiaoqing , Xue Wei , Wang Tong , Wang Xiangjun , Hu Lei
Published: August 2024

A flexible global calibration method for multi-view stereo vision with non-overlapping field of view (FOV) using linear structured light projector is presented in this paper. At least three groups of linear structured light plane equations are utilized to calculate the rotation between any pair of cameras with non-overlapping FOV, and then the closed solution of the translation is determined based on the constraint that the normal vector is perpendicular to the lines on linear structured light plane. Once the rotation and translation between all pairs of cameras with non-overlapping FOV are obtained, the rotation and translation of each camera relative to the reference position is eventually computed through global optimization. The experimental data reflects that the calibration accuracy is improved by 35.2% after global optimization, and the global calibration results of the proposed method deviates less from that of Zhang’s method.
Comprehensive blueprint of Salmonella genomic plasticity identifies hotspots for pathogenicity genes
Authors: Krishnakant Kushwaha Simran , Wu Yi , Leonardo Avila Hugo , Anand Abhirath , Sicheritz-Pontén Thomas , Millard Andrew , Amol Marathe Sandhya , Nobrega Franklin L.
Published: August 2024

Understanding the dynamic evolution of Salmonella is vital for effective bacterial infection management. This study explores the role of the flexible genome, organised in regions of genomic plasticity (RGP), in shaping the pathogenicity of Salmonella lineages. Through comprehensive genomic analysis of 12,244 Salmonella spp. genomes covering 2 species, 6 subspecies, and 46 serovars, we uncover distinct integration patterns of pathogenicity-related gene clusters into RGP, challenging traditional views of gene distribution. These RGP exhibit distinct preferences for specific genomic spots, and the presence or absence of such spots across Salmonella lineages profoundly shapes strain pathogenicity. RGP preferences are guided by conserved flanking genes surrounding integration spots, implicating their involvement in regulatory networks and functional synergies with integrated gene clusters. Additionally, we emphasise the multifaceted contributions of plasmids and prophages to the pathogenicity of diverse Salmonella lineages. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive blueprint of the pathogenicity potential of Salmonella. This unique insight identifies genomic spots in nonpathogenic lineages that hold the potential for harbouring pathogenicity genes, providing a foundation for predicting future adaptations and developing targeted strategies against emerging human pathogenic strains.
Spatial non-equilibrium and distribution dynamic evolution of the development level of national physical fitness in China’s provinces
Authors: Xiao Qin , Xiao Haiting
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Physical health is fundamental to a country’s socio-economic advancement. An in-depth exploration of the spatial distribution and dynamic evolution of national physical fitness across China is crucial for enhancing the country’s overall physical health. This study aims to provide valuable insights into the geographical and temporal patterns of physical fitness, informing strategies for national physical fitness improvement.

Methods

Employing data from China’s national physical fitness monitoring of 31 provinces, cities, and districts for the years 2005, 2010, and 2015, this study utilizes the Gini coefficient, its decomposition, and nonparametric density estimation methods. These techniques are applied to analyze the spatial disparities and temporal trends in national physical fitness levels among different demographics, including the overall population, males, females, and urban and rural residents.

Results

The study reveals that the regional disparity in China’s national physical fitness initially narrowed and then expanded across the general population, females, and in both urban and rural areas, while consistently increasing among males. In terms of geographical distribution, the East, Middle, and West regions show significant heterogeneity, with the East-West gap being the most pronounced (Gini coefficients of 0.0249, 0.0230, 0.0263). The contribution rate of regional gaps was highest (54.40% -64.69%), followed by regional disparities (24.78% -27.15%), and the contribution of hypervariable density difference was the smallest (10.53% -19.75%). Despite a slight improvement in overall national physical fitness, the absolute regional disparities have further widened.

Conclusions

Provinces with lower levels of national physical fitness demonstrate a ’club convergence’ trend, indicating regional clustering of similar fitness levels. Additionally, a ’catch-up effect’ is evident in rural areas, particularly in provinces with historically lower levels of national physical fitness. These findings suggest the need for region-specific public health strategies to address the growing disparities in national physical fitness across China.
Arthropod community composition in urban landscapes is shaped by both environmental filtering and dispersal limitation
Authors: Roper-Edwards Indigo R. , Hurlbert Allen H.
Published: August 2024

We assessed the relative importance of environmental filtering and dispersal limitation in structuring foliage- and ground-dwelling arthropod communities in central North Carolina. We hypothesized that differences in both local environment and dispersal distance between sites would predict differences in community composition, but that dispersal distance would be more important for ground arthropods than for foliage arthropods. We used variance partitioning to quantify the relative explanatory power of differences in the local environment and dispersal distance between sampling plots. For foliage arthropods, the full set of predictors explained 37–39% of the variance in community dissimilarity, while the full set of predictors explained 42–56% of the variance for ground arthropods. Environmental predictors alone consistently explained more variance in community dissimilarity than geographic predictors alone for ground arthropods, but the variance explained by each predictor set alone varied for foliage arthropods depending on the metric of community dissimilarity. Examining communities of multiple arthropod groups across the same spatial gradient highlights the scale-dependence of these processes and illustrates how variation in the environment can alter the relative abundance of specialist and generalist taxa.
Antiretroviral therapy retention, adherence, and clinical outcomes among postpartum women with HIV in Nigeria
Authors: Young Clara M. , Chang Charlotte A. , Sagay Atiene S. , Imade Godwin , Ogunsola Olabanjo O. , Okonkwo Prosper , Kanki Phyllis J.
Published: August 2024

While research involving pregnant women with HIV has largely focused on the antepartum and intrapartum periods, few studies in Nigeria have examined the clinical outcomes of these women postpartum. This study aimed to evaluate antiretroviral therapy retention, adherence, and viral suppression among postpartum women in Nigeria. This retrospective clinical data analysis included women with a delivery record at the antenatal HIV clinic at Jos University Teaching Hospital between 2013 and 2017. Descriptive statistics quantified proportions retained, adherent (≥95% medication possession ratio), and virally suppressed up to 24 months postpartum. Among 1535 included women, 1497 met the triple antiretroviral therapy eligibility criteria. At 24 months, 1342 (89.6%) women remained in care, 51 (3.4%) reported transferring, and 104 (7.0%) were lost to follow-up. The proportion of patients with ≥95% medication possession ratio decreased from 79.0% to 69.1% over the 24 months. Viral suppression among those with results was 88.7% at 24 months, but <62% of those retained had viral load results at each time point. In multiple logistic regression, predictors of loss to follow-up included having a more recent HIV diagnosis, higher gravidity, fewer antenatal care visits, and a non-hospital delivery. Predictors of viral non-suppression included poorer adherence, unsuppressed/missing baseline viral load, lower baseline CD4+ T-cell count, and higher gravidity. Loss to follow-up rates were lower and antiretroviral therapy adherence rates similar among postpartum women at our study hospital compared with other sub-Saharan countries. Longer follow-up time and inclusion of multiple facilities for a nationally representative sample would be beneficial in future studies.
A model of long-term population growth with an application to Central West Argentina
Authors: Freeman Jacob , Gil Adolfo F. , Peralta Eva A. , Franchetti Fernando , López José Manuel , Neme Gustavo
Published: August 2024

We propose an Ideal Specialization Model to help explain the diversity of population growth trajectories exhibited across archaeological regions over thousands of years. The model provides a general set of expectations useful for guiding empirical research, and we provide a concrete example by conducting a preliminary evaluation of three expectations in Central West Argentina. We use kernel density estimates of archaeological radiocarbon, estimates of paleoclimate, and human bone stable isotopes from archaeological remains to evaluate three expectations drawn from the model’s dynamics. Based on our results, we suggest that innovations in the production of food and social organization drove demographic transitions and population expansion in the region. The consistency of population expansion in the region positively associates with changes in diet and, potentially, innovations in settlement and social integration.
Validated DNA isolation method ensuring successful long-read sequencing of cattle semen genome
Authors: Denis Erwan , Grohs Cécile , Donnadieu Cécile , Iampietro Carole
Published: August 2024

Obtaining high-quality DNA suitable for long-read sequencing can be difficult for many types of tissues and cells, and it is a key step in current genomic studies. The challenge is even greater when it comes to isolating genomic DNA from mammalian spermatozoa, as DNA is tightly packed into a cell with a robust membrane rich in disulfide bonds. Here we describe a method for isolating high molecular weight DNA from Bovine commercial semen straws. This protocol includes a cleaning step to remove diluents and preservatives used for the long-term storage of the semen, which may affect long read sequencing. It is based on a simple salting-out method and avoid the use of spin columns, strong mixing or intensive centrifugation, in order to limit DNA fragmentation. However, we have adapted this protocol to facilitate the disruption of cell membranes and disulfide bonds with strong chaotropic and reducing agents. The average size of the fragments produced was approximately 49 kb, ranging from 25 to 85 kb, according to the femto pulse profiles.This method was used to isolate DNA from semen straws, more than 80 of them were successfully sequenced using the Continuous Long-Read (CLR) sequencing mode on the PacBio SequelII platform to study genome diversity and notably to detect large structural variations within genomes.
Electrical stimulation of Schwann cells on electrospun hyaluronic acid carbon nanotube fibers
Authors: Senanayake Judy , Mattingly Raymond R. , Sundararaghavan Harini G.
Published: August 2024

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by the development of benign neurofibromas, which can cause significant morbidity in affected individuals. While the molecular mechanisms underlying NF1 pathogenesis have been extensively studied, the development of effective therapeutic strategies remains a challenge. This paper presents the development and validation of a novel biomaterial testing model to enhance our understanding of NF1 pathophysiology, disease mechanisms and evaluate potential therapeutic interventions. Our long-term goal is to develop an invitro model of NF1 to evaluate drug targets. We have developed an in vitro system to test the cellular behavior of NF1 patient derived cells on electroconductive aligned nanofibrous biomaterials with electrical stimulatory cues. We hypothesized that cells cultured on electroconductive biomaterial will undergo morphological changes and variations in cell proliferation that could be further enhanced with the combination of exogenous electrical stimulation (ES). In this study, we developed electrospun Hyaluronic Acid–Carbon Nanotube (HA-CNT) nanofiber scaffolds to mimic the axon’s topographical and bioelectrical cues that influence neurofibroma growth and development. The cellular behavior was qualitatively and quantitively analyzed through immunofluorescent stains, Alamar blue assays and ELISA assays. Schwann cells from NF1 patients appear to have lost their ability to respond to electrical stimulation in the development and regeneration range, which was seen through changes in morphology, proliferation and NGF release. Without stimulation, the conductive material enhances NF1 SC behavior. Wild-type SC respond to electrical stimulation with increased cell proliferation and NGF release. Using this system, we can better understand the interaction between axons and SC that lead to tumor formation, homeostasis and regeneration.
Direction of Arrival Estimation Using Underwater Acoustic Vector Sensor Array Towards Coastal Surveillance Applications
Authors: Lokhande Shweta , Amirthalingam Malarkodi , Ganesan Latha , Subramanian Srinivasan
Published: August 2024

The objective of this paper is to present the performance of Direction of Arrival(DoA) estimation algorithms for underwater sound source localization using an acoustic Vector Sensor Array (VSA) that is developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai. Algorithms such as conventional beam forming, Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) with Eigen value decomposition, and MUSIC with Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) are used for estimation of DoA and performance study. An experiment has been conducted with the VSA at the Acoustic Test Facility of NIOT with the source transmission of 1 kHz to 5 kHz for different azimuth angles. The estimation of DoA using the above three algorithms and the comparison of the results on resolution and accuracy have been studied in detail in terms of the number of vector elements. Results reveal that the MUSIC method gives results with higher accuracy and resolution than the conventional method. The maximum deviation from the true angle in the conventional method is 4°; in MUSIC, it is 2°, whereas in MUSIC with SVD, it is 1°. While the standard MUSIC algorithm involves computing the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix, which can be computationally expensive, MUSIC with SVD provides a more efficient way to achieve better results. SVD enables straightforward computation of the signal subspace, making it more practical for real-time applications like coastal surveillance. Further to the laboratory experiment, the vector sensor system has been deployed in an open sea environment near the harbor and a known source experiment is carried out. The DoA estimated using MUSIC with SVD for the field data reveals that the results are in good comparison with the measured azimuth and elevation positions. The deviations in the field results are due to dynamic conditions of the ocean ,and more sea trials need to be carried out for further study.
Utilization of Activated Charcoal from Cassava Peel and Straw in Reducing Cadmium Levels in Putri Cempo Landfill Leachate
Authors: Hikari Hasna Nadia , Syahrani Lathifa Putri Wiedhya , Luthfia Luthfia , Khoirunnisa Sofiyana , Rachmawati Siti
Published: August 2024

Contamination of leachate due to excessive rainwater infiltration into landfill sites presents a significant environmental and public health concern. This study aims to address the adverse impacts of cadmium (Cd) pollution in leachate, specifically its risks to human health and the environment. To address this issue, the research investigates the use of natural adsorbents to mitigate agricultural waste. Straw and cassava peel, abundantly available in Indonesia due to the country's substantial rice and cassava production, were selected as potential adsorbents. The findings of this study are important for guiding pollution control measures and evaluating community activities near pollution sources, particularly focusing on Cd pollution originating from Putri Cempo in Jatirejo Village, Mojosongo, Jebres, Surakarta. The research shows that cassava peel waste is highly effective in adsorbing cadmium metal levels in leachate, with a significant total effectiveness (EF%) rating of 0.3144. Additionally, the study identifies the optimal burning temperature for activated charcoal derived from cassava peel as 600°C, resulting in the highest EF% value of 0.515152.
Analysis of Carbon Monoxide on Transportation Along the Eastern Crossroad of Jambi
Authors: M.Das Amsori , Adriansyah Endi , Viareco Hariestya , Sufra Rifqi , Suzana Asih , Herawati Peppy
Published: August 2024

The Eastern Crossroad is one of the national roads that connect the city of Jambi with other cities, districts, and provinces, resulting in relatively heavy traffic and frequent congestion on this road. This has led to the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), which can result in a decline in ambient air quality. The research used a quantitative descriptive approach aimed at depicting the ambient air quality of CO on Mendalo Darat Road, which is part of Eastern Crossroad. The research revealed the highest vehicle density of 17,954 units in the morning on Tuesday, with the highest emission rate of 114,290 µg/m.s, and the lowest density on Sunday morning with 6,568 units and an emission rate of 44,207 µg/m.s. The highest accumulation of CO emission levels occurred on Tuesday evening, reaching 38,536.44 µg/Nm3. Overall, the ambient air quality of CO on Mendalo Darat Road tends to exceed the quality standards. The accumulation of increased CO emissions correlates closely with the road's national status, increased vehicle density due to high community activity, changes in the day's status (working day), and road conditions with traffic signal devices.
Transfer Factor: an Overlooked Potential for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Viza D. , Fudenberg H. H. , Palareti A. , Ablashi D. , De Vinci C. , Pizza Giancarlo
Published: August 2024

Transfer factor (TF) is a low-molecularweight lymphocyte extract capable of transferring antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to T lymphocytes. It has been used successfully as an adjuvant or primary therapy for viral, parasitic, fungal, and some bacterial infections, as well as immunodeficiencies, neoplasias, allergies and autoimmune diseases. From the list of infections that seem to respond noticeably to transfer factor, those due to viruses of the herpes family are particularly remarkable. Indeed, for these viruses it was shown that TF can prevent infection or relapse, acting as a CMI vaccine. Data also suggest its possible use for adjuvant treatment and probably prevention of two currently widespread infections: tuberculosis and AIDS. Furthermore, TF has an interesting potential: answering the challenge from unknown pathogenic agents, a black box effect permitting production of antigen-specific TF to a new pathogen, even before its identification. It thus seems that the preventative potential of transfer factor is as important as its therapeutic one, both discussed in this review.
Salivary Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in Patients with Oral Premalignant and Malignant Lesions
Authors: Juretić M. , Cerović R. , Belušić-Gobić M. , Brekalo Pršo I. , Kqiku L. , Špalj S. , Pezelj-Ribarić Sonja
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the salivary concentrations of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in patients with premalignant and malignant lesions. The study involved 57 patients who were examined between 2008 and 2010 at the Department of Oral Medicine and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Croatia. They were divided into three groups: 19 patients with oral premalignant lesions, 19 with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 19 healthy control volunteers. Whole saliva was collected and investigated for the presence of TNF-α and IL-6 by enzyme immunoassay at the Department of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Graz, Austria. All groups had statistically significant differences in values of TNF-α and IL-6 (P < 0.001). The results suggest that these proinflammatory cytokines are elevated in the saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral premalignant lesions as compared to controls, which may have diagnostic and/or prognostic significance.
The Effects of DPP-IV Inhibition in NOD Mice with Overt Diabetes
Authors: Vargová Lenka , Zacharovová K. , Dovolilová E. , Vojtová L. , Cimburek Z. , Saudek F.
Published: August 2024

Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor that exerts an anti-hyperglycaemic effect by preventing degradation of glucagonlike peptide 1 with subsequent β-cell stimulation and potential regeneration. We tested whether sitagliptin therapy in symptomatic non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice would lead to changes in the immune cell profile, improve β-cell survival and induce diabetes remission. Flow cytometry analysis of immune cells in the spleen and peripheral lymph nodes, immunohistology of the pancreas and DPP-IV activity were investigated in diabetic NOD mice, either treated or non-treated with sitagliptin, at 0, 7, 14 and 28 days after hyperglycaemia onset, and in non-diabetic NOD controls. While compared to diabetic controls sitagliptin prevented increase of the CD8+/CD4+ ratio in pancreatic nodes after four weeks (0.443 ± 0.067 vs. 0.544 ± 0.131; P < 0.05), the population of Tregs in lymph nodes increased from day 0 to 28 in both treated and non-treated diabetic groups (8 ± 1.76 vs. 13.45 ± 5.07 % and 8 ± 1.76 vs. 13.19 ± 5.58 %, respectively). The severity of islet infiltration was similar in both diabetic groups and decreased in parallel with β-cell loss. Surprisingly, sitagliptin blocked the DPP-IV activity only temporarily (on day 7, 277.68 ± 89.2 vs. 547.40 ± 94.04 ng/ml in the diabetic control group) with no apparent effect later on. In conclusion, sitagliptin administered after the onset of overt hyperglycaemia in NOD mice had only a marginal immunological effect and did not lead to diabetes remission. Failure to block DPP-IV over time represents an important finding that requires further explanation.
Reconstituted HDL ameliorated renal injury of diabetic kidney disease in mice
Authors: Tao Yu , Lacko Andras G. , Sabnis Nirupama A. , Das‐Earl Paromita , Ibrahim Deena , Crowe Nicole , Zhou Zhengyang , Cunningham Mark , Castillo Angie , Ma Rong
Published: August 2024

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a devastating kidney disease and lacks effective therapeutic interventions. The present study was aimed to determine whether reconstituted high‐density lipoprotein (rHDL) ameliorated renal injury in eNOS−/− dbdb mice, a mouse model of DKD. Three groups of mice, wild type C57BLKS/J (non‐diabetes), eNOS−/− dbdb (diabetes), and eNOS−/− dbdb treated with rHDL (diabetes+rHDL) with both males and females were used. The rHDL nanoparticles were administered to eNOS−/− dbdb mice at Week 16 at 5 μg/g body weight in ~100 μL of saline solution twice per week for 4 weeks via retroorbital injection. We found that rHDL treatment significantly blunted progression of albuminuria and GFR decline observed in DKD mice. Histological examinations showed that the rHDLs significantly alleviated glomerular injury and renal fibrosis, and inhibited podocyte loss. Western blots and immunohistochemical examinations showed that increased protein abundances of fibronectin and collagen IV in the renal cortex of eNOS−/− dbdb mice were significantly reduced by the rHDLs. Taken together, the present study suggests a renoprotective effect of rHDLs on DKD.
The assessment method of lip closure ability based on sEMG nonlinear onset detection algorithms
Authors: Zhu Wei , Zhao Cuilian
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To overcome the limitations of traditional diagnosis of orbicularis oris muscle function in mouth-breathing patients, this study aims to propose a surface electromyographic (sEMG) based method for reliable and accurate quantitative assessment of lip closure ability.

Methods

A total of 21 volunteers (16 patients and 5 healthy subjects, aged 8–16) were included in the study. Three nonlinear onset detection algorithms – Teager–Kaiser Energy (TKE) operator, Sample Entropy (SampEn), and Fuzzy Entropy (FuzzyEn) – were compared for their ability to identify lip closure in sEMG signals. Lip Closure EMG Activity Index (LCEAI) was proposed based on the action segments detected by the best performing algorithm for the quantitative assessment of lip closure.

Results

The results indicated that FuzzyEn had the highest lip closure identification rate at 93.78 %, the lowest average onset delay of 47.50 ms, the lowest average endpoint delay of 73.10 ms, and the minimal time error of 111.61 ms, exhibiting superior performance. The calculation results of the LCEAI closely corresponded with the actual degree of lip closure in patients.

Conclusions

The lip closure ability assessment method proposed in this study can provide a quantitative basis for the diagnosis of mouth breathing.
Creating a Sustainable Narrative: The Interplay of Ecological Agriculture, Cultural Heritage, and Community Efficacy in Contemporary China
Authors: Kuang Lanlan
Published: August 2024

Highlighting the situational, creative strategics implemented by local actors for encouraging dynamic interactions among culinary heritage, cultural tourism, and ecosystem, this study presents two case studies from southeast-central China: Dongjiao Center for Porcelain History and Cultural Exchange in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, and Changsha Banquets, a restaurant chain in Changsha, Hunnan Province. Together, they embody the author’s ongoing research on heritage education, cultural tourism, and sustainable development in contemporary China. This article provides an overview and analysis of the developing forms of sustainable tourism and heritage education enacted by individual social actors since 1985, when China signed the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, against the backdrop of China’s economic growth, sustainable consumption, and most importantly, the rising public awareness of heritage protection. The author argues that these individual entities develop sustainable cultural tourism through social media and creative contents that are not a part of China’s mainstream state-funded food media.
Categorizing and Quantifying Doctors’ Extended Answers and their Strategies in Teleconsultations: A Corpus-based Study
Authors: Li Huaikui Kevin
Published: August 2024

This study examined 210 teleconsultations to analyze doctors’ extended answers and communication strategies using corpus software. The results revealed seven categories of extended answers, with explanations for diseases and treatments being the most frequent at 39 %. Proposals for medical treatment had a proportion at 29 %. The remaining categories had lower rates ranging from 3 % to 9 %. The corpus derived four types of communication strategies: baldly on-record strategies (BORSs), positive politeness strategies (PPSs), negative politeness strategies (NPSs), and off-record strategies (ORSs), with NPSs being the most commonly used at 84 %. Except ORSs, these strategies encompassed multiple classes, with NPSs having as much as seven categories, in which offering justifications for definitive minimal responses was the most prevalent at 33 %. Making fuzzy proposals had a share of 32 %. Each of the remaining categories made up a far low rate. But when it comes to the specific category of extended answers, the most commonly used strategy in it is not always the one from NPSs. The study underscores the significance of clear explanations and justifications in teleconsultations. Implications for training programs in teleconsultation settings are discussed, with potential areas for further research suggested to enhance teleconsultation practices.
Three Faces of Heroism: An Empirical Study of Indirect Literary Translation Between Chinese-English-Portuguese of Wuxia Fiction
Authors: Mengyuan Zhou
Published: August 2024

This paper conducts an empirical study using digital humanities to explore the indirect translation of Chinese contemporary literature, focusing on a Portuguese version of Jin Yong’s A Hero Born: The Legend of the Condor Heroes
derived from its English translation. Employing BERTopic modeling, it quantifies thematic changes related to heroism in the translation process from Chinese through English to Portuguese. This study examines how Chinese concepts of heroism are adapted or rewritten in translation, exploring the notion of intermediate translations as “secondhand” and “distorted” from digital humanities perspective. By applying the zero-shot BERTopic model, the research allows for a quantitative comparative analysis of topic distribution across the original, intermediate, and final translation texts. The findings aim to enrich translation studies by demonstrating how Chinese cultural concepts are transformed and circulated through indirect translation, providing a data-driven insight into the global dissemination and reception of Wuxia literature.
When Colleagues Come to See Each Other as Rivals: Does Internal Competition Affect Workplace Performance?
Authors: Braun Felia , Sonnabend Hendrik
Published: August 2024

We study workplace performance effects triggered by team-internal rivalry. Specifically, we focus on duos of goalkeepers in professional soccer competing for in-season playing time. Using performance data from the most prestigious European soccer leagues and tournaments, we provide evidence for asymmetric discouragement: While the ex ante underdog feels demotivated by internal rivalry, we cannot observe a comparable effect for the ex ante favourite. Moreover, we find that workplace competition generally works explicitly rather than implicitly, meaning that demonstrated performance outweighs pure skills when it comes to the emergence of peer effects. To address a potential endogeneity problem caused by non-random selection, we show that our results are robust to quasi-random rotations caused by (minor to moderate) injuries and bans.
Influence of high-reactivity energetic materials on microstructure and performance on iron-based cladding layer under low laser power
Authors: Liu Zheng , Yang Yong , Sun Dusheng , Han Jianyu , Ma Shutao , Xu Bin , Yuan Mingyu
Published: August 2024

Under low laser power conditions, the cladding layer is constrained by inadequate energy density, resulting in incomplete melting of certain powder particles and the occurrence of defects such as cracks and pores within the layer. This paper utilizes a QT500 substrate and synergistically integrates high-reactivity energetic materials (H-REMs) with metal powder. By external laser energy ignition, the localized combustion of the H-REMs (Al + Fe2O3) is induced, thereby providing additional heat input during the laser cladding process. Through in-depth analysis of extensive experimental data, the influence of H-REMson microstructure and performance of alloy cladding layerhas beenrevealed. The research results demonstrate that the inclusion of H-REMs leads to a 450 K increase in the maximum temperature of the molten pool. By incorporating high-reactivity energetic materials, the energy density utilization of the composite material increased from 0.2663 to 0.7375. The combustion wave generated by H-REMs induces mixing in the molten pool, resulting in cladding layer grain refinement and an average hardness increase of 80 HV1. The friction coefficient decreases from 0.71024 (prior to the addition of H-REMs) to 0.35809, representing a reduction of approximately 49 %.
Likelihood-Ratio-Based Confidence Intervals for Multiple Threshold Parameters
Authors: Donayre Luiggi
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes the inversion of likelihood ratio tests for the construction of confidence intervals for multiple threshold parameters. Using Monte Carlo simulations, conservative likelihood-ratio-based confidence intervals are shown to exhibit empirical coverage rates at least as high as nominal levels for all threshold parameters, while still being informative in the sense of only including relatively few observations in each confidence interval. These findings are robust to the magnitude of the threshold effect, the sample size and the presence of serial correlation. Applications to existing models with multiple thresholds for U.S. real GDP growth and for the wage Phillips curve demonstrate how the proposed approach is empirically relevant to make inferences about the uncertainty of threshold estimates.
Proof of concept and new developments on a Kibble extension
Authors: Pabst Markus , Hilbrunner Falko , Fröhlich Thomas
Published: August 2024

This article describes the proof of concept of a Kibble extension for vacuum mass comparators and its further development. A Kibble extension is a technical extension for vacuum mass comparators to connect to the new definition of the International System of Units (SI) of 2019. A commercially available high-vacuum prototype mass comparator from Sartorius serves as the basis. It is used to compare kilogram prototypes, such as the international prototype kilogram

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)

$(\mathfrak{K})$

, directly with other kilogram mass standards in order to realize a calibration chain. According to the new definition of the SI in 2019, the kilogram is defined by the Planck constant (h), therefore the Kibble extension is designed to enable high-vacuum mass comparators to be converted by technical modifications to allow mass to be realized according to the new definition. The aim is to realize kilogram prototypes and mass standards in the range from 1 mg to 1 kg according to the E1 standard of OIML R111-1 (2004). Initial measurement results with a prototype of the Kibble extension are presented and evaluated. Based on the experience gained, a lightweight magnet system developed with the use of simulation methods is presented. This is intended to contribute to the further development of the Kibble extension.
Liberdade e Necessidade (Doutrina da Vontade, de Asa Mahan – Capítulo III)
Authors: Becker Silvério
Published: August 2024

No presente texto, vamos considerar a grande e fundamental característica da Vontade, aquela pela qual ela é, em um sentido especial, distinguida de cada uma das outras faculdades mentais, a saber: a Liberdade.
Phenotype Distinctions in Mice Deficient in the Neuron-Specific α3 Subunit of Na,K-ATPase:Atp1a3tm1Ling/+andAtp1a3+/D801Y
Authors: Liu Yi Bessie , Arystarkhova Elena , Sacino Amanda N. , Szabari Margit V. , Lutz Cathleen M. , Terrey Markus , Morsci Natalia S. , Jakobs Tatjana C. , Lykke-Hartmann Karin , Brashear Allison , Napoli Elenora , Sweadner Kathleen J.
Published: August 2024

ATP1A3is a Na,K-ATPase gene expressed specifically in neurons in the brain. Human mutations are dominant and produce an unusually wide spectrum of neurological phenotypes, most notably rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (RDP) and alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC). Here we compared heterozygotes of two mouse lines, a line with little or no expression (Atp1a3tm1Ling/+) and a knock-in expressing p.Asp801Tyr (D801Y,Atp1a3+/D801Y). Both mouse lines had normal lifespans, butAtp1a3+/D801Yhad mild perinatal mortality contrasting with D801N mice (Atp1a3+/D801N), which had high mortality. The phenotypes ofAtp1a3tm1Ling/+andAtp1a3+/D801Ywere different, and testing of each strain was tailored to its symptom range.Atp1a3tm1Ling/+mice displayed little at baseline, but repeated ethanol intoxication produced hyperkinetic motor abnormalities not seen in littermate controls.Atp1a3+/D801Ymice displayed robust phenotypes: hyperactivity, diminished posture consistent with hypotonia, and deficiencies in beam walk and wire hang tests. Symptoms also included qualitative motor abnormalities that are not well quantified by conventional tests. Paradoxically,Atp1a3+/D801Yshowed sustained better performance than wild type on the accelerating rotarod.Atp1a3+/D801Ymice were overactive in forced swimming and afterward had intense shivering, transient dystonic postures, and delayed recovery. Remarkably,Atp1a3+/D801Ymice were refractory to ketamine anesthesia, which elicited hyperactivity and dyskinesia even at higher dose. Neither mouse line exhibited fixed dystonia (typical of RDP patients), spontaneous paroxysmal weakness (typical of AHC patients), or seizures but had consistent, measurable neurological abnormalities. A gradient of variation supports the importance of studying multipleAtp1a3mutations in animal models to understand the roles of this gene in human disease.
Proměny profesní přípravy učitelů ve Finsku
Authors: Bačová Veronika , Kasperová Dana
Published: August 2024

The article discusses the issue of the transformation and reform of teacher education in Finland with an accent on the 20th century. In the context of the issues of education transfer, borrowing and lending policy, it reflects on the characteristics of Finnish education policy, which is also reflected in the discussion of teacher education. The paper reconstructs the main premises of teacher training reforms in Finland in the 20th century and asks how these premises can be helpful in the Czech debate on teacher education reform.
Disposing of single use: Evaluating the effectiveness of Berkeley’s anti-single use disposable foodware ordinance
Authors: Heiges Jessica , Bourque Martin , Parra Allison , Shorter Denaya , O’Neill Kate
Published: August 2024

Single use disposable (SUD) foodware is an increasingly large waste problem in the United States. One strategy to combat this rising problem is through targeted policy mechanisms. In recent years, many local and state jurisdictions have implemented anti-SUD foodware policies, aimed at banning or charging extra for the specific material and/or foodware types. In 2019, the City of Berkeley, California, passed a comprehensive anti-SUD foodware Ordinance, featuring numerous policy mechanisms to reduce SUD foodware, to foster more sustainable practices among food vendors, and be a model for other jurisdictions. Over the 4 years (2019–2022), we collected observational survey data based on the policy’s mechanisms to assess prepared food vendors’ compliance with the Ordinance and thus its effectiveness. The COVID-19 lockdown slowed adoption and implementation of the Ordinance and our data reflect this. In 2020—the second year of data collection—compliance decreased for 5 of the 8 policy mechanisms, rebounding in 3 of them 2 years later. This article ends with recommendations for actions the City can take to increase vendor compliance with, and thus effectiveness of, the policy. This study also contributes to current research discussions on waste, plastics and sustainability, and provides valuable insight into policy implementation processes on the ground.
Pituitary gigantism due to a novel AIP germline splice-site variant
Authors: Lamback Elisa , Miranda Renan Lyra , Chimelli Leila , Andreiuolo Felipe , Kasuki Leandro , Wildemberg Luiz Eduardo , Gadelha Mônica R
Published: August 2024

Pituitary gigantism is a rare pediatric disorder caused by excess growth hormone (GH) secretion. In almost 50% of cases, a genetic cause can be identified, with pathogenic variants in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene being the most common. We present a case of an 11-year-old boy who exhibited progressive vision loss, associated with accelerated linear growth, and weight gain. On physical examination, he had enlarged hands, right eye amaurosis, and was already above his target height. Increased GH and IGF-I concentrations confirmed the diagnosis of pituitary gigantism. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a giant sellar lesion with supra- and para-sellar extensions. He underwent two surgeries which did not achieve a cure or visual improvement. Histopathological analysis revealed a sparsely granulated tumor, negative for somatostatin receptor type 2 (SST2) and an immunoreactivity score of 6 for somatostatin receptor type 5 (SST5). Our published artificial intelligence prediction model predicted an 83% chance of not responding to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands. Pasireotide was therefore prescribed, and afterward cabergoline was added on. IGF-I concentrations decreased but did not normalize. We discovered a novel germline single nucleotide variant in the splicing donor region of intron 2 of the AIP gene (NM_003977.4:c.279+1 G>A), classified as likely pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.
INCREASING GENERATION EFFICIENCY OF A TWO-LEVEL GAS LASER WHEN SWITCHING FROM SINGLE-SIDED TO DOUBLE-SIDED TRANSVERSE DIODE PUMPING
Authors: ПАРХОМЕНКО А.И. , ШАЛАГИН А.М.
Published: August 2024

Теоретически исследована работа двухуровневого газового лазера в схемах с односторонней и двухсторонней поперечной диодной накачкой. Для случая не слишком малого коэффициента отражения выходного зеркала получены аналитические формулы, которые описывают работу двухуровневого газового лазера при односторонней и двухсторонней диодной накачке, позволяют определить любые энергетические характеристики лазера и найти оптимальные параметры рабочей среды и излучения накачки, необходимые для наиболее эффективной работы лазера. Показано, что эффективность генерации двухуровневого газового лазера может быть увеличена на 11-20 % при переходе от односторонней накачки к двухсторонней.

The operation of a two-level gas laser in schemes with single-sided and double-sided transverse diode pumping is investigated theoretically. If the reflection coefficient of the output mirror is not too small, analytical formulas are obtained that describe the operation of a two-level gas laser with single-sided and double-sided diode pumping and make it possible to determine any laser energy characteristics and to find optimal parameters of the working medium and pump radiation that are required for the most effective laser operation. It is shown that the generation efficiency of a two-level gas laser can be increased by 11-20% when switching from single-sided to double-sided pumping.