bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biliary Stenting Prior to Pancreaticoduodenectomy and its Effects on Postoperative Outcome. Twenty Years of Experience with 805 Patients
Authors: Ozgun Yigit Mehmet , Colakoglu Muhammet Kadri , Oter Volkan , Piskin Erol , Aydin Osman , Aksoy Erol , Bostanci Erdal Birol
Published: November 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of biliary drainage before pancreaticoduodenectomy on postoperative outcomes. Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively on data from 820 cases of pancreaticoduodenectomy performed in the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of Ankara City Hospital between April 1999 and August 2019. Twenty years of collected patient data were re-examined and 805 patients were divided into two groups as those who underwent preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) and those who did not (non-PBD). Demographic data of patients, and preoperative, operative and postoperative details, including morbidity, were collected and compared between the two groups. Results: There were 574 (71.3%) patients in the PBD group and 231 (28.6%) patients in the non-PBD group. Total complications according to Clavien-Dindo classification were significantly higher in the PBD group (P<0.001). Intraabdominal hemorrhage, delayed gastric emptying and wound infection were found to be higher in the PBD group but the rate of pancreatic fistula was similar in both groups. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of complications according to preoperative bilirubin levels. In drained patients with normal bilirubin levels, wound infections were significantly higher in a group with diameter of common bile duct>8 mm (P=0.020). Conclusion: PBD is not associated with anastomotic leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Wound infection, delayed gastric emptying and intraabdominal hemorrhage were significantly associated with PBD. Preoperative bilirubin level had no effect on these results. In subgroup analysis, in patients undergoing drainage, if bilirubin falls below 5 mg/dL, the risk of wound infection was still high in patients with bile duct diameter>8 mm.
Serological Screening of Celiac Disease in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Sadeghi Payman , Salari Kobra , Ziaee Vahid , Rezaei Nima , Eftekhari Kambiz
Published: November 2021

There is a possible association between celiac disease (CD) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Our aim was to evaluate the serological incidence of CD in patients with JIA. Children under 16 years of age with JIA who did not respond adequately to routine treatment, who referred to the pediatric centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (2017–2019), were enrolled in this study. Manifestations of CD were also evaluated. CD-related serological screening tests were measured. Seventy-eight patients were enrolled in the study. Their mean age was 7.9±3.9 (1.6–16) years. Three patients with oligoarticular JIA had Anti-TTG-Ab levels above normal (prevalence=3.8%). None of them had symptoms of CD. There were no significant statistical differences in terms of growth disorders, sex distribution, and different subtypes of JIA (P value ˃ 0.05) between the groups (sero-positive vs. sero-negative). In one case, CD was confirmed by pathology and the gluten-free diet was recommended. The absence of CD symptoms in patients with JIA does not rule out concomitant CD.
Jugendliche mit Migrationshintergrund – Herausforderung für die allgemeine Gesundheit, über welche Hilfsmittel verfügen Kinderärztinnen und Kinderärzte?
Authors: Depallens Sarah , Heiniger Caroline , Tzaud Karine
Published: November 2021

Jugendliche mit Migrationshintergrund mobilisieren erhebliche persönliche Ressourcen, nicht nur um sich den Herausforderungen zu stellen, die sich aus den somatischen, neurobiologischen oder psychologischen Veränderungen ergeben, sondern auch um sich an ein neues soziokulturelles Umfeld anzupassen, das die oft erzwungene Migration in ein unbekanntes Land verlangt. Jugendliche mit Migrationshintergrund sind deshalb verwundbarer, nicht nur auf Grund ihres Entwicklungsalters, sondern zusätzlich durch verschiedenste Risikofaktoren wie eine unsichere rechtliche oder schwierige finanzielle Situation, psychologische Not oder mangels Zugang zu einer adäquaten Ausbildung 1). Diese verschiedenen inneren (Adoleszenz) und äusseren (Migration) Vorgänge spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Identitätsbildung und Autonomieentwicklung.
Maltraitance infantile – protection de l’enfant
Authors: Lips Ulrich , Wopmann Markus
Published: November 2021

Les mauvais traitements envers les enfants sont fréquents. C’est une évidence même sans statistiques, qui font par ailleurs défaut ou sont imprécises en raison des sous-déclarations, de la définition etc. et d’autre part parce que des mauvais traitements sont constatés par des personnes ou institutions (médicales, sociales, pédagogiques, administratives) dont le recensement n’est pas compatible entre elles.
Complexe mais pas compliqué: traitement interdisciplinaire des céphalées primaires à l’Hôpital pédiatrique de Suisse orientale
Authors: Lengnick Katrin , Koller Andrea
Published: November 2021

chronique est élevé jusqu’à l’âge adulte1). Il est donc important de les prendre au sérieux et de les traiter efficacement le plus tôt possible. Une prise en charge efficace comprend, outre un diagnostic et un traitement médicamenteux adéquats, aussi l’instruction et le soutien lors de la mise en pratique du traitement au quotidien.
Genişletilmiş Anne Bekçiliği Kavramsal Modelinin Anneye Özgü Değişkenler Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AKGÖZ AKTAŞ Güleycan , EBEOĞLU DUMAN Melisa
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmada, iki ana kategoride ve sekiz alt türde tanımlanan genişletilmiş anne bekçiliği kavramsal modelinin anneye özgü çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmaya, okul öncesi dönemde çocuğa sahip ve yaş ortalaması 32.71 (SS = 4.17) olan toplam 385 anne katılmıştır. Katılımcılardan Anne Bekçiliği Ölçeği-Anne Formu, Anlamsal Farklılık Ölçeği-Anne Olarak Ben, Çocuk Yetiştirmede Günlük Zorluklar Ölçeği, Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutum Ölçeği, Babalık Rolü Algı Ölçeği, Ebeveyn Yetkinlik Ölçeği ve demografik bilgi formunu doldurmaları istenmiştir. Anne bekçiliği alt türlerinin oluşturulması için yürütülen Kümeleme Analizi sonucunda, birbirinden ayırt edilebilen dört anne bekçiliği alt türü elde edilmiştir. Kararlı annelik kategorisini temsil eden bu alt türler içinde en yaygın görüleni kolaylaştırıcı anne bekçiliği iken; en az rastlananı pasif engelleyici bekçilik olmuştur. Çalışmanın Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizlerinde, annelik öz değerlendirmesi yüksek olan ve eşlerinin ebeveynlik rolü ile yetkinliğini daha olumlu algılayan annelerin, teşvik düzeyi yüksek olan bekçilik alt türlerini daha çok gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Çocuk yetiştirmede yaşadığı günlük zorluklar ile geleneksel cinsiyet rollerine bağlılığı fazla olan annelerin ise engel düzeyi yüksek olan alt türleri benimsediği görülmüştür. Araştırma sonuçlarının anne bekçiliği alt türlerine ilişkin kısıtlı alanyazın için bir çerçeve oluşturacağı düşünülmektedir. Ancak gelecekte anne bekçiliği alt türlerini anlamak için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.
Kadına Yönelik Şiddetin Dijital Dünyaya Yansıması
Authors: CİRBAN EKREM Ebru , ER GÜNERİ Sezer
Published: November 2021

Küreselleşme ile birlikte bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişmesiyle gündelik yaşantımızda birçok değişiklikte beraberinde gelmiştir. Küreselleşmenin en önemli sonuçları teknolojinin gelişmesi ve internetin yaygın bir kullanım alanı bulmasıdır. İnternet sayesinde bilgiye kolay ve hızlıca erişilmesi, bilgiyi depolayabilme ve bilgiyi yaymanın kolaylaşması sayesinde gündelik yaşantımız oldukça kolaylaşmıştır. İnternetin bu kadar çok kullanımı sonucunda hayatımızın her alanında yaygın olan şiddet olaylarına internet üzerinden mağduriyet de artmıştır. Sosyal bir sorun olan kadına yönelik şiddette yaşamın her alanında farklı biçimlerde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Günümüzde kadınlar için ev içi yaşamın dahi tehlikeli hale gelmesi, internete ve sosyal ağlara bireylerin yaygın ve kontrolsüz erişimi, özgürce yorum ve paylaşım yapabilme imkanlarının olması, bireylerin kendi isimlerini ve cinsiyetlerini gizleyebilmeleri ya da takma isimler kullanabilmeleri gibi birçok olası durum sonucunda kadınlar için internet ortamı kolaylıkla şiddet aracına dönüşebilmektedir. Kadına yönelik şiddet dijital dünyada siber şiddet olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı dijital dünyada kadınlara uygulanan şiddete dikkat çekmek ve mevcut durumu ortaya koymaktır.
Results of quality studies of spring waters of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors:   L.I. Almitova, V.I. Makaeva, A.R. Makaeva
Published: November 2021

The study of springs is of great scientific and practical interest, because the population increasingly prefers to use spring water as an alternative source of drinking water. Methods. Studies were conducted to determine the water quality in 14 springs located on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, according to physical and chemical indicators in the summer period by organoleptic, potentiometric, titrimetric, photometric and gravimetric methods. Results. It was found that the water fully meets the hygienic requirements in only 8 springs (57.1 %). It was revealed that the non-compliance of spring waters with sanitary standards for physical and chemical parameters is associated with the excess of the MAC for nitrates and hardness. Also the excess of the MAC for total alkalinity was determined. The main reasons for the poor quality of drinking water are the pollution of water sources. The data obtained confirmed the need for constant monitoring of the water quality in all springs and development of measures to improve them.
Depot medených predmetov z Mníchovej Lehoty (okr. Trenčín). Príspevok k poznaniu antimónovej medi typu Nógrádmarcal v období staršieho eneolitu / Depotfund von Kupfergegenständen aus Mníchova Lehota (Bez. Trenčín). Beitrag zur Erkennung des Antimonkupfers vom Typ Nógrádmarcal in dem älteren Aeneolithikum
Authors: Novotná Mária , Zachar Tomáš , Dzúrik Ján , Kvietok Martin
Published: November 2021

Hoard of Copper Artefacts from Mníchova Lehota (Distr. Trenčín). Contribution to the Issue and Distribution of the Antimony Copper of Nógrádmarcal Type in the Early Copper Age. Submitted paper deals with the archaeological evaluation and elemental analysis of a collection of copper industry from the cadastre of municipality Mníchova Lehota (distr. Trenčín) in the north-west Slovakia. The hoard consists of two flat copper axes and a copper chisel. The basic typological-chronological analysis of the flat copper axes showed their connection with the Southeast European types and varieties of the series Pločnik, Coteana, Gumelniţa, as well as Central European types Stollhof, Strážnice, Kalinowice Dolne and axes of the group III of J. Říhovský. Statistical evaluation of basic morphometric parameters of the artefacts by means of principal component analysis (PCA) suggests that the objects from the hoard from Mníchova Lehota belong to the Central European shapes. Separate issue is the elemental analysis of the copper artefacts by means of inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). On the basis of the statistical evaluation of the elemental analyses the authors set the origin of the copper material mainly in the antimonic copper. They pay attention to its distribution in the area of Central Europe and possible location of the copper material deposit.
Medieval Mining Centre of Buchberg in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. Metal Production in the Kingdom of Bohemia (13th–14th Centuries)
Authors: Hrubý Petr , Kmošek Matěj , Kočárová Romana , Košťál Martin , Malý Karel , Milo Peter , Těsnohlídek Jakub , Unger Jiří
Published: November 2021

The study presents the results of a wide range of research approaches and surveys of the defunct mining centre at Buchberg in the region of Havlíčkův Brod, which was involved in silver production in the 13th and 14th centuries. Burchberg is exceptional in its size and well-advanced community infrastructure. Its significance is also reflected in written sources. Surveys and trial diggings focused on the residential area, and especially on the adjoining metallurgical facilities providing unique spatial information, as well as a wealth of valuable data obtained by analysing archaeometallurgical materials, representing the links in the operational chain, staring with the raw ore extraction and ending with the final production of the desired metals. The current deforestation of mining field relics enabled their three-dimensional survey, and, thus, providing a hitherto unknown view of the spatial structure of historical mining activities.
Nelson Romero Guzmán: Por la ruta del río y la poesía
Authors: Vargas Celemín Libardo
Published: November 2021

Crónica periodística de Nelson Romero Guzmán, publicada en el volumen VII de Tolimenses que dejan huella. Poeta y ensayista, Romero es licenciado en Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Santo Tomás y magíster en Literatura de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira en convenio con la Universidad del Tolima. Con la obtención del XIV Premio Nacional de Poesía Universidad de Antioquia 1999, Nelson Romero inicia un ambicioso proyecto poético que corresponde a una trilogía, en la que sus protagonistas son los pintores Vincent van Gogh, Francisco de Goya y Edward Munch (Surgidos de la luz, La quinta del sordo y Bajo el brillo de la luna). Con este libro, el tercero de la trilogía, obtiene en Cuba el Premio Casa de las Américas 2015, reconocimiento que le abre innumerables puertas al poeta.
César Augusto Velandia Jagua: “Maestro, ¿cómo se hizo científico?”
Authors: Castaño González Luz Ángela
Published: November 2021

Crónica periodística de César Augusto Velandia Jagua, publicada en el volumen VII de Tolimenses que dejan huella. Licenciado en Ciencias Sociales y Económicas en la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC), en Tunja, en 1966. En 1972 inició el proceso de fundación y organización del Museo Antropológico de la Universidad del Tolima. Su investigación de la cultura arqueológica de San Agustín le mereció el Premio de Ciencias, otorgado por la Fundación Alejandro Ángel Escobar en 1992.
Development of accounting science in the light of economic and social transformations
Authors: Zadorozhnyi Zenovii-Mykhailo , Semaniuk Vita
Published: November 2021

Introduction. One of the integral components of human economic life is economic accounting – a system of creating information about economic activity, which proves the history and genesis of the accounting science development. The study of theoretical and methodological approaches to the functioning of accounting in the past and the assessment of current practices through the prism of the transformation of the social system will predict the development of accounting science and practice in the future.Goal. To identify the impact of economic and social transformations of mankind on the development of accounting as a science and practice. To analyse the historical transformations of the reflection of production and accounting processes in society, to define the concept of «accounting» not only as a phenomenon, but also to understand its deep essence, to identify trends in the development of accounting activities.Research methods.The main research methods were general scientific empirical, logical and historical methods of cognition of socio-economic processes, historical and monographic analysis, logical method, methods of comparison and extrapolation, as well as methods of grouping, generalization and classification, systemic and structural approaches. Collectively, the research methods used allowed to draw reliable conclusions and recommendations. Results. The dependence of the development of accounting practice and methodology on social formations, economic transformations and user needs is proved. There are three stages of change in accounting theory, which are characterized by «accounting revolutions» by analogy with the industrial and scientific revolutions. The genesis of the development of post-industrial society allowed us to conclude that in the middle of the twentieth century. the basic methodological principles of the new formation system are formed, different from the traditional industrialism, which are accompanied by a qualitative change in the place of theoretical knowledge and information in society and economic life. Based on the analysis of trends in the development of accounting knowledge, a forecast of its development in post-industrial society is made.Perspectives. We see the prospects for the development of accounting science and methodology in its reorientation to the internal needs of enterprise management, which requires a creative and innovative approach to creating information resources, obtaining management information and forecasting.
Study on chemical synthesis of SnSSe nanosheets and nanocrystals
Authors: Mukai Kohki , Nakayama Kevin
Published: November 2021

Two kinds of raw material combinations for the hot injection method were investigated for the chemical synthesis of SnSSe nanosheets and nanocrystals, which are low-toxic optoelectronic materials. When SnSe quantum dots were synthesized by mainly using oleic acid as the Se precursor solvent, the quantum dots changed from spherical to cubic as the size increased. The growth condition dependence of the nanocrystal formation process was discussed. When SnSSe nanocrystals were synthesized by mainly using trioctylphosphine as the S Se precursor solvent, it was found that the nanocrystal shape changed from dot to rod or sheet by reducing the proportion of S. The bandgap energy did not simply depend on the composition ratio of S but was affected by the change in the nanocrystal shape depending on the quantum confinement effect.
Estimation of Rainfall-Runoff Relationship and Correlation of Runoff with Infiltration Capacity and Temperature Over East Singhbhum District of Jharkhand
Authors:   PG student, DWEM, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India., Kumari Radhika , Mayoor Mohit ,   Assistant professor, DWEM, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India., Mahapatra Somnath ,   Scientist-E, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India., Parhi P.K. ,   Assistant professor, DWEM, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India., Singh H.P. ,   Professor, DWEM, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India.
Published: November 2021

In meteorology, Precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under the gravity, the rainfall being the principal form of precipitation in India. Rainfall is the most important meteorological parameter for hydrology, as it controls the other processes such as infiltration, runoff, detention storage, and evapotranspiration. When precipitation falls over a catchment area, these processes have to be satisfied before precipitation water becomes runoff. Infiltration is the vertically downward flow of rainfall into ground/underground through percolation inside the soil surface and depends on soil-type, porosity, and permeability. Runoff is the flow of rainwater over the land surface that happens when there is an excess of precipitation over an area. Runoff is produced when the rainwater exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil. The most important relationships for any watershed are the relationship between rainfall and runoff. This relationship depends on some factors such as characteristics of rainfall, runoff, and infiltration. Though the abovementioned factors have a major impact on the volume of runoff, a consistent correlation between rainfall-runoff enables us to increase more confidence in sufficient time for the formulation of appropriate decision making for the local authority. The present research work was undertaken to analyze the correlation between annual rainfall and annual runoff for the years 1901-2018 over Jamshedpur of East Singhbhum district, Jharkhand. Further in this study, the correlation between infiltration and annual runoff was analyzed over the same area and the same data period. Correlation between temperature and annual runoff was also found. Through the graphical analysis, it was found that the value of annual rainfall and runoff are strongly correlated.As the value of the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) is almost equal to +1 which is a nearly perfect positive correlation, signifies that both variables move in the same direction. It also signifies that the two variables being compared have a perfect positive relationship; that means these two are strongly related. Through the study, it was also found that the infiltration and runoff are largely correlated. There was practically no correlation found between the values of temperature and runoff over the years.
Learning an Optimal Operational Strategy for Service Life Extension of Gear Wheels with Double Deep Q Networks
Authors: Tevetoglu Tamer , Henss Mark , Gretzinger Yvonne , Bertsche Bernd
Published: November 2021

One failure mechanism of gear wheels is pitting. If the gear wheel is case hardened, pitting degradation dominates normally at one tooth only. All the other teeth are still intact at the standardized end of life criterion of 4 % pitting area based on the total tooth area.

Using an operational strategy that was developed at the Institute of Machine Components, the service life of gear wheels can be extended by a local stress reduction at the weakest tooth. This is accomplished by applying an adapted torque at the transmission input that shifts a minimum torque in the area of the pre-damaged, and thus, weakest tooth. Consequently, all remaining teeth with higher load bearing capacity are subjected to higher torque. Prerequisite for the described theoretical operational strategy is knowledge on pitting-size and -position. The detection of these properties in operation is not state of the art yet.

In this work, only the gearbox vibration signal is known without explicit knowledge about the inside pitting. So the challenge is to determine the health for each individual tooth and to choose an optimal adapted torque based on this. This is especially difficult due to differing growth rates of pittings on one individual gear wheel. Hence, different pittings dominate over the service life, which results in the need of a continuous optimization of the torque control.

Algorithms of Reinforcement Learning (RL) are particularly suitable for this challenge. In this branch of Machine Learning (ML), an agent interacts inside an environment and learns by getting rewards for taking actions at given states. In this study, the environment is a gearbox-simulation-model, the state is the current vibration signal, and the action is the chosen adapted torque. Thus, it is possible to let the algorithm learn the whole operational strategy, from online failure detection to an adapted torque at the transmission input.

The results of this study show the theoretical feasibility of the operational strategy using Double Deep Q Networks as the RL Algorithm. The algorithm is able to learn a suitable reaction to pittings that increase linearly or progressively at an early stage and therefore delays their growth within the defined limits. Thus, the lifetime of the gearbox is extended while maintaining the same total power of the gearbox. As an outlook, the results will be examined for their sensitivity on several influencing factors in a further study. The wider view is to use this simulation on a test rig and validate the results.
Health Indicators to Estimate Health of Magnetic Wheel Encoder
Authors: Ladoiye Jasmeet Singh , Jalali Milad , Spry Douglas
Published: November 2021

Performance of several vehicle safety features, such as anti-lock brake system (ABS), traction control system (TCS) and electronic stability control (ESC) rely on the quality of wheel speed signal. One potential failure mode for the wheel speed encoders is gradual deposition of foreign paramagnetic debris on the surface of the encoder. This results in reduced strength of the magnetic field, and impacts the quality of the wheel speed signal. Noisy wheel speed signal jeopardizes performance of safety critical features, affecting safety, stability, drivability, and negatively impacts customer’s experience.

In this paper, several faulty encoders with various levels of faults have been used in data collection in a test bench. A prognostics methodology is proposed to evaluate the magnetic wheel encoder’s health. This method leverages time domain and frequency domain-based health indicators to monitor the deterioration in wheel encoder. Time domain-based health indicators include VDA (Verband der Automobilindustrie) signals that are generated by advanced wheel speed sensors, and an enveloping filter of the wheel speed signal’s noise. Frequency domain-based health indicator include root mean square amplitude of average order spectrum of wheel speed noise. The performance of individual/combination of these health indicators are compared to assess the separation between healthy encoder and degraded encoders. Results indicate that it is possible to monitor the degradation process due to magnetic debris accumulation, using the proposed method.
Enhancing the diagnostic performance of Condition Based Maintenance through the fusion of sensor with maintenance data
Authors: Henriximon
Published: November 2021

Although Maintenance data is crucial for authoritative reporting reasons and is generally used to optimizemaintenance planning in terms of budget, scheduling and logistics, the potentials of the implicit given informationfor Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) frameworks are not yet completely leveraged. Traditional PHMframeworks typically rely only on sensor data to derive a system’s health status, while maintenance, repair andoverhaul (MRO) data is not investigated. However, maintenance data contains valuable information on which partof a system is checked, serviced or replaced. At the same time, maintenance data is necessary for the labelling ofsensor data, the differentiation of multiple failure modes and includes the expert knowledge of the worker. Theoverall goal of the presented work is enable a model update through the integration of this information into atraditional (sensor-based) PHM/condition monitoring framework.In this context, the underlying data bases and structures will be analyzed and a generalized methodology isproposed to include maintenance data directly into the forward-modelling phase of a PHM/condition monitoringframework. The main goal is not only to use the labels derived from maintenance data for evaluation purposes(which is a common practice in PHM research), but to use this data to build a memory of the maintenance andhealth state history and thereby enhance the diagnostic capabilities of the framework. Methods from the field ofProbabilistic Programming and Bayesian Statistics seem promising and are implemented in order to incorporatefor uncertainties and to enable a confidence level for the diagnosis. The proposed concept is developed, tested andassessed in a simulation environment, allowing to investigate the influence of data confidence and label uncertaintyon the results. Furthermore, this allows to derive specific requirements for the input data and hence for the dataacquisition in the real world. The proposed concept is described in a generic way to be applicable on differentengineering domains (e.g. wind turbine or production machinery industry), but it will be tested and evaluated on areal world aviation use case. This concluding use case is defined in the context of the project INDI at TU Darmstadt(Intelligent Data Utilization in Maintenance) in cooperation with the project partner Lufthansa Technik AG.
A Study of Deep Neural Networks Transfer Learning For Fault Diagnosis Applications
Authors: Franco-Garcia Michael , Benasutti Alex , Pearlstein Larry , Alabsi Mohammed
Published: November 2021

Intelligent fault diagnosis utilizing deep learning algorithms has been widely investigated recently. Although previous results demonstrated excellent performance, features learned by Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are part of a large black box. Consequently, lack of understanding of underlying physical meanings embedded within the features can lead to poor performance when applied to different but related datasets i.e. transfer learning applications. This study will investigate the transfer learning performance of a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) considering 4 different operating conditions. Utilizing the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) bearing dataset, the CNN will be trained to classify 12 classes. Each class represents a unique differentfault scenario with varying severity i.e. inner race fault of 0.007”, 0.014” diameter. Initially, zero load data will be utilized for model training and the model will be tuned until testing accuracy above 99% is obtained. The model performance will be evaluated by feeding vibration data collected when the load is varied to 1, 2 and 3 HP. Initial results indicated that the classification accuracy will degrade substantially. Hence, this paper will visualize convolution kernels in time and frequency domains and will investigate the influence of changing loads on fault characteristics, network classification mechanism and activation strength.
On failure prediction and failure identification modeling in a gas turbine system: a survey of classification approaches in a three-class problem
Authors: Cheung Catherine , Biondic Calista , Hamaimou Zouhair , Valdes Julio
Published: November 2021

Rapid developments in sensor technology, data processing tools and data storage capability have helped fuel an increased appetite for equipment health monitoring in mechanical systems. As a result, the number of sensors and amount of data collected for health monitoring has grown tremendously. It is hoped that by collecting large quantities of operational data, predictive tools can be developed that will provide operational, maintenance and safety benefits. Data mining and machine learning techniques are important tools in addressing the ensuing challenge of extracting useful results from the data collected.

In this work, the sensor data from a gas turbine system was analyzed with the objective of failure modeling and prediction. Previous efforts had used a two-class approach for this problem, to distinguish healthy and failed states of the system. In this work, a third class labelled as deteriorated data is added prior to each failure event to explore the ability of machine learning models to provide early warning of upcoming incidents. Several maintenance incidents were recorded by the sensor system in two separate vehicles. Three approaches to selecting training data were used. The first followed a traditional method of randomly selecting data points from all data according to a desired percentage of failed data to include in training, target ratios between failed and healthy data in each data set, as well as target ratios between training and testing data. The second data selection strategy was to consider data related to failure incidents as a whole and select certain incidents to include in training, and the remaining ones to be unseen in testing. The third approach was cross-validation which is typically used as a technique to evaluate how a classifier will perform on unseen data while still using the entirety of the data to train the final classifier. In addition to investigating training and data selection strategies, the effect of hyperparameter optimization was explored as well as the effect of varying the time period of the deteriorated class.

Using the gas turbine data, which included 7 failure incidents and 76 predictor variables, a variety of classifier models of the system were developed in a three-class problem to differentiate healthy, deteriorated and failed system states. The classifier methods included support vector machines, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, random forest, adaboost, multilayer perceptron, k-nearest neighbor, and XG boost. Ensemble models were also created to leverage all the individual classifier models that were developed. This paper will describe the comprehensive results that were obtained using the various approaches and combinations, highlighting the respective benefits and limitations.
An End-to-End Learning Framework for Battery Capacity-Fade Trajectory Prediction Using Early Life Data
Authors: Liu Jinqiang , Thelen Adam , Chao Hu  , Yang Xiao-Guang
Published: November 2021

Predicting the capacity-fade trajectory of a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cell is a critical task given its broad utility throughout the battery product life cycle. Even more useful is estimating a battery cell’s capacity-fade trajectory when this cell has not exhibited any noticeable capacity degradation. Accurately predicting the entire capacity-fade trajectory using early life data enables more efficient cell design, operation, maintenance, and evaluation for second-life use. To accomplish this challenging task, we propose an end-to-end learning framework combining empirical capacity fade models and data-driven machine learning models, in which the two types of models are closely coupled. First, we evaluate the accuracy of a library of relevant empirical models which have been shown to model the observed capacity fade of Li-ion cells with reasonable accuracy. After selecting a model, we formulate an end-to-end learning problem that simultaneously fits the chosen empirical model to estimate the capacity fade curve and trains a machine learning model to estimate the best-fit parameters of the empirical model. By solving this end-to-end learning problem, rather than sequentially executing the separate tasks of fitting the capacity fade model and training the machine learning model, we achieve a more optimal solution which is shown to better balance these two objectives. Our proposed end-to-end learning framework is evaluated using a publicly available battery dataset consisting of 124 lithium-iron-phosphate/graphite cells charged with various fast-charging protocols. This dataset was split into training, primary test, and secondary test datasets. Our method performs on par with existing early prediction methods in terms of cycle life prediction, attaining root-mean-square errors of 84 cycles and 169 cycles for primary and secondary test datasets, respectively. In addition to the cycle life prediction, our method possesses a unique ability to predict the entire capacity-fade trajectory.
On Adversarial Vulnerability of PHM algorithms – An initial Study
Authors: Yan Weizhong , Yang Zhaoyuan , Qiu Jianwei
Published: November 2021

In almost all PHM applications, driving highest possible performance (prediction accuracy and robustness) of PHM models (fault detection, fault diagnosis and prognostics) has been the top development priority, since PHM models’ performance directly impacts how much business value the PHM models can bring. However, recent research work in other domains, e.g., computer vision (CV), has shown that machine learning (ML) models, especially deep learning models, are vulnerable to adversarial attacks; that is, small deliberately-designed perturbations to the original samples can cause the model to make false predictions with high confidence. In fact, adversarial machine learning (AML) targeting security of ML algorithms against adversaries, has become an emerging ML topic and has attracted tremendous research attention in CV and NLP.

 

Yet, in the PHM community, not much attention has been paid to adversarial vulnerability or security of PHM models. We contend that the economic impact of adversarial attacks to a PHM model might be even bigger than that to hard perceptual problems and thus securing PHM models from adversarial attacks is as important as the PHM models themselves. Also, PHM models, since the data used by the models are primarily time-series sensor measurements, have their own unique characteristics and deserve special attention in securing them.  

 

In this paper we attempt to explore the adversarial vulnerability of PHM models by conducting an initial case study. More specifically, we consider several unique characteristics associated with streaming time-series sensor measurements data in developing attack strategies for attacking PHM models. We hope our initial study here can shed some light on and stimulate more research interests in the area of PHM models’ security.
“EL GOBIERNO SIN ADMINISTRACIÓN, ES COMO UN ASTRÓNOMO SIN TELESCOPIO, O PILOTO SIN TIMÓN” LA ADMINISTRACIÓN FISCAL EN IBEROMAÉRICA: INSTITUCIONES, OFICINAS Y FUNCIONARIOS, SIGLOS XVIII-XX
Authors: Jáuregui Frías Luis Antonio , Becerril Hernández Carlos de Jesús
Published: November 2021

La historia de la Hacienda pública ha sido uno de los temas más socorridos dentro de la historiografía económica iberoamericana. Desde las últimas décadas del siglo XX, han visto la luz estudios que se dedican a explicar el desempeño fiscal de las posesiones españolas y portuguesas, así como de las naciones independientes que surgieron de ellas en diversos periodos históricos. El análisis ha sido desde la perspectiva de los ingresos, los egresos y, en menor medida, la deuda pública. En pocos casos, se ha estudiado la administración fiscal como el instrumento por el cual los países de la región han acopiado y distribuido sus recursos. Resulta por lo mismo indispensable el análisis de las instituciones, las oficinas y los funcionarios que se han encargado de definir las facultades de gobierno encaminadas al buen funcionamiento de los erarios nacionales.
LOS PROBLEMAS DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN FISCAL EN LOS ÚLTIMOS AÑOS DE LA NUEVA ESPAÑA, 1810-1821
Authors: Jáuregui Frías Luis Antonio
Published: November 2021

Este ensayo pretende hacer una descripción de la manera como, debido a los once años de guerra de independencia, la administración fiscal del virreinato de Nueva España se desarticuló, perdió rutinas y colmó de trabajo al funcionariado fiscal que permaneció al frente de las oficinas de la hacienda pública. La problemática administrativa se acentuó también por una contabilidad compleja y en ocasiones caótica, así como por la aparición de los intermediarios liberales –como los ayuntamientos y las diputaciones provinciales– en la estructura organizativa de los impuestos/gastos del erario novohispano. Se han realizado otros trabajos sobre la administración fiscal del periodo. Para estos, sin embargo, se ha hecho uso de leyes, reglamentos y circulares, lo que dificulta observar el fenómeno real. Por lo mismo, aquí se recurre a casos específicos de la práctica administrativo-fiscal con la idea de que sólo mediante la observación de éstos, que nunca son todos ni los más representativos, es que podemos atisbar la desarticulación de una lógica de funcionamiento administrativo.
OPERADORES DEL DERECHO EN EL ESTADO MEXICANO DURANTE EL PORFIRIATO
Authors: Ortiz Hernandez Claudia
Published: November 2021

En los últimos años se ha incrementado el interés por adentrarse en el estudio de los operadores del derecho, observándose como sujetos que abonan a los procesos políticos, económicos y culturales en la conformación del Estado nación durante el siglo XIX. Este esfuerzo se ha realizado desde la historia del derecho y la historia política practicadas por abogados e historiadores dado el vacío existente sobre el tema en ambas disciplinas gracias a la renovación de enfoques que han experimentado dichas ramas. Partiendo de estas premisas, el objetivo de la presente investigación es elaborar una primera revisión del papel de los abogados durante el porfiriato ya que durante este período la profesión sufrió grandes cambios originados en las transformaciones político-económicas experimentadas durante el gobierno de Porfirio Díaz.
INICIO DE UNA “RELACIÓN ESPECIAL” BALANCE HISTORIOGRÁFICO SOBRE LAS RELACIONES MÉXICO-JAPÓN DURANTE EL PORFIRIATO
Authors: Coste Cacho Jacques
Published: November 2021

Durante mi período como funcionario público en Cancillería, me llamaba la atención que, cada que preparábamos alguna reunión de los diplomáticos mexicanos con sus homólogos japoneses, los discursos que redactábamos contenían frases como: “Desde la formalización de los vínculos diplomáticos, México y Japón siempre han tenido una relación especial”. Cuando elaboraba estos materiales, me preguntaba: ¿realmente la relación bilateral fue “especial” desde el principio? Y de ser así, ¿el carácter “especial” de esta relación está en sus orígenes o se forjó más adelante, conforme fueron evolucionando los vínculos entre ambos países? Estos cuestionamientos me impulsaron a hacer una revisión sobre lo que la academia mexicana ha escrito acerca de los inicios de la relación México-Japón. Aquí se presenta un balance historiográfico elaborado a partir de dicha revisión.
Historia mínima de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de México
Authors: Coste Cacho Jacques
Published: November 2021

Reseña de libro.
Historia del Derecho, ¿para qué?
Authors: Oropeza Chávez Ana Brisa
Published: November 2021

Reseña de libro.
Dante epilettico, o anche isterico. Una storia psichiatriico letteraria di fine Ottocento
Authors: Artifoni Enrico
Published: November 2021

In the last decade of the 19th century psychiatric sciences in Italy proposed many psychopathological interpretations of exceptional personalities. An important role was played by the psychiatrist Cesare Lombroso with his books on genius and madness, which inspired other similar research. The case of Dante Alighieri, on whom Lombroso made a diagnosis of epilepsy, is part of this context. The article analyses the main texts (for and against) of this psychiatric-literary affair and clarifies the role of the French doctor Max Durand-Fardel, from whom Lombroso said he took the cue for his diagnosis of epilepsy.
Выражение общефактического значения в прошедшем и в будущем времени в русском и болгарском языках
Authors: Slavkova Svetlana
Published: November 2021

The paper analyses the general factual value of the imperfective verbs in Russian and Bulgarian. The first part examines the three main types of the general factual meaning in the past (‘referential’, ‘existential’, and ‘atelic’). We show that in Bulgarian these meanings are rendered by imperfective verbs in the aorist, perfect, and imperfect tense respectively. The second part is dedicated to the future tense. In Russian, the general factual reading of the analytical future has many restrictions while in Bulgarian the general factual meaning is the main meaning of the imperfective future.
Literary Constellations. The Case of Armenian Authors Writing in Russian Today
Authors: Marchesini Irina
Published: November 2021

Reflecting on the concepts of ‘transculturation’ (Tlostanova 2004) and ‘Russophonia’ (Caffee 2013), this research concentrates on the contribution that writers of Armenian origin gave to the formation of the post-Soviet literary canon in Russia. This line of critical inquiry encourages a serious reflection on the role of the ‘rossijane’, and Armenians in particular, in the construction of contemporary Russian literature, an issue hitherto neglected in Russian Studies, as well as in Armenian Studies alike.
Рецепция ренессансной поэмы Песня о зубре Николая Гусовского в Беларуси и проблемы её перевода
Authors: Poutsileva Larisa
Published: November 2021

In the modern multi-linguistic concept of Belarus culture, neo-latin poetry represents an important component. The inclusion in the 1960s of the Latinist poet Nikolai Gusovskij, alongside other Renaissance poets, in Belarusian literature contributed to the growth of the national consciousness of the Russified and Sovietized Belarusians. However, the first translations of The Poem of the Bison in Belarusian and Russian, which showed clear signs of a tendentiousness aimed at adapting the text to the socio-political situation of Soviet times, remain canonical, despite the presence of new translations.
Lik “jake žene” u srpskoj prozi prve polovine XX veka
Authors: Mitrović Marija
Published: November 2021

A series of female characters living in small provincial centres, aware of their beauty and spirit, are present in the Serbian prose of the first half of the 20th century to a degree that might be striking to the contemporary reader. This paper examine the social, historical, anthropological and psychological characteristics of the leading female characters created by Stevan Sremac (Zona Zamfirova, 1903), Svetozar Ćorović (Majčina sultanija, 1906), Borisav Stanković (Nečista krv, 1910), Ivo Andrić (Anikina vremena, 1931).
هيبة الدولة الإسلامية في زمن النبوة
Authors: الحمادي محمد
Published: November 2021

هيبة الدولة قيمة معنوية، ومصلحة شرعية التفتت إليها الشريعة، وكانت محل اهتمام النبي عليه السلام، فقد عمل النبي عليه السلام أعمالا جليلة حققت للدولة الإسلامية هيبتها، وذلك على صعيد السياسة الخارجية أو الداخلية، سواء كان مع الموافقين أو المخالفين، ولم يقبض الله تعالى نبيه حتى صارت دولته عليه السلام محل هيبة وإجلال لكافة أهل الجزيرة العربية، وأقبلت قبائل العرب تعلن خضوعها لهذه الدولة، أما على الصعيد الداخلي فقد تعامل مع أعداء الداخل بمقتضى العدل والحكمة والمصلحة ، أما أتباعه المؤمنون به، فقد علمهم تعظيم التشريع والانقياد له ابتغاء رضوان الله تعالى، وكان هذا أعظم ما يميز الدولة النبوية، فتعظيم السلطة كان قربى يزدلف بها المؤمن لله وعليه من نفسه وازع ليس بحاجة إلى رقيب، كما علمهم عليه السلام تعظيم السلطة التنفيذية، وتعظيم رجال الدولة وأهل الشوكة وأهل الحل والعقد، وكل هذه أمور متكاملة تصب في مصلحة حفظ هيبة الدولة في زمن النبوة.
الاجتهاد الجماعي المعاصر إشكاليات التطبيق ومقترحات المعالجة والتطوير
Authors: العَبْري نبيل
Published: November 2021

يمثل البحث دراسة نظرية لمسلك الاجتهاد الجماعي المعاصر؛ كونه بات ضرورة عصرية في وقتنا الحاضر؛ وذلك للحاجة الملحة لمعرفة حكم الله في النوازل والمستجدات المعقدة والمتتابعة في هذا العصر والتي ليس لها حكم مباشر من النصوص الشرعية، بل يمكن اعتباره من فروض الكفاية التي بها قوام الدين والدنيا، والذي لا يجوز للمسلمين تركه أو التخلي عنه.

ويهدف البحث إلى ضبط المراد بمصطلح الاجتهاد الجماعي المعاصر، مع بيان أوجه الشبه والاختلاف بين هذا المصطلح وبين مصطلحي الاجتهاد الفردي والإجماع من حيث المفهوم، والغرض، والعموم والخصوص، والنطاق الذي يشمله كل مصطلح منهما.         

كما يهدف البحث إلى عرض أهم الإشكالات التي يتعرض لها الاجتهاد الجماعي المعاصر اليوم، والتي قد تعيق تطوره وتحقيق غاياته المنشودة، واقتراح أهم الحلول المناسبة لمعالجة تلك الإشكالات، أو الحد من تأثيرها على نتائج هذا النوع من الاجتهاد.

 ومن أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها الباحث في بحثه هذا؛ إن الاجتهاد الجماعي لا يمكن اعتباره إجماعاً بالمعنى الأصولي، وإنما يمكن اعتباره حجة ظنية، لا يلزم المسلمين اتباعه ويجوز لهم مخالفته الى اجتهاد آخر، وإن إضفاء صفة الإلزامية على قرارات مؤسسات الاجتهاد الجماعي هي من مهمة ولي الأمر، وإن أمر اختيار أهل النظر الاجتهادي وتحديد صفاتهم والشروط الواجب توافرها فيهم، ينبغي أن يكون موكلاً لولي الأمر المسلم.
فهمُ النصِّ الأصوليِّ "ضوابطُ سياقيَّةٌ"
Authors: الريسوني قطب
Published: November 2021

يروم هذا البحثُ ضبطَ قواعدِ فهمِ النصِّ الأصوليِّ، وتحقيقِ مراده، حتّى يُصانَ كلام أهـــــــــــل الأصول عن المسخ والتحريف، ويُوظَّف في سياقهِ ومظِنَّتــــــــــــــــه. وقد حُرِّرت هذه القواعدُ في مبحثين: مبحث عن ضابط الاستهداء بسيــــــــــاق المقال، ومبحث عن ضابط الاستهداء بسياق المقام. وكان من النتائج التي تأدّى إليها البحث أن من مستلزمات الفهم الأصوليِّ فتح المعنى على السياق الواسع، إذا كان النص في سياقه الخاصِّ لا يستقل ببيان المراد، ومراعاة التَّواشج بين النصِّ الأصوليِّ وسياقه المرحليِّ بما يكتنفه من سماتٍ مذهبيّةٍ وتجديديةٍ.
قاعدة (الإعانة على الحرام حرام) وتطبيقاتها في المعاملات العقارية (دراسة فقهية)
Authors: الكمالي حمد , العيساوي إسماعيل
Published: November 2021

يبين هذا البحث قاعدة (الإعانة على الحرام حرام) وتطبيقاتها في المعاملات العقارية، وهي قاعدة مبنية على قول الله سبحانه وتعالى: (وَتَعَاوَنُواْ عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَى وَلاَ تَعَاوَنُواْ عَلَى الإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ) (المائدة:٢)، ويتناول معناها وألفاظها وأدلَّتها، ثم يبين بعض تطبيقاتها في المعاملات العقارية، من بيع، وتأجير، وعمل في الوظائف والمهن المتعلقة بها. 
وقد خلص البحث إلى أن بعض المعاملات العقارية في الوقت الحاضر يمكن أن تدخل في الإعانة على الحرام، فلا بد للمتعامل فيها أن يتقيد بالضوابط الشرعية، حتى لا يكون مُعيناً على الحرام.