bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Social Media for Learning in High Schools: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Otchie Wilson O. , Pedaste Margus
Published: April 2020

In the last decade, learning from computer-supported collaborative technologies has been combined with social media (SM) and this has gotten a lot of attention. Also, there is a growing body of literature that suggests that SM is gaining a lot of attention because it has the perceived pedagogical affordances that could be used as a potential tool for teaching and learning. These perceived pedagogical affordances allow people to interact, communicate, collaborate and share resources among others. Most of the studies published on SM in education have focused on higher education (colleges and universities) with a relatively small body of literature on secondary education. Despite the wide use of SM in education, its benefits are still not clear across studies. We conducted a systematic literature review using the EBSCOhost database. Screening of abstracts and full texts resulted in the selection of 10 papers for the review. Seven approaches to using SM in learning in high schools have been identified: (1) interaction, (2) information dissemination, (3) communication, (4) collaboration, (5) teaching, learning, and resource sharing, (6) socialization, and (7) entertainment. Most of the articles claimed that the educational use of SM has a strong positive effect on social skills, but the evidence presented was rather weak. Subject-specific outcomes were not in focus in using SM in education. All studies followed a constructivist philosophical perspective. Based on this we provide a theory-based scenario for using SM in learning social skills and subject-specific outcomes.
240. Estudos e pesquisas sobre o uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicas no Brasil: caminhos e desafios
Authors: Castro Marta Rocha de , Figueiredo Fábio Fonseca
Published: April 2020

A medicina tradicional e popular é uma prática secular realizada pelos povos autóctones e outras populações tradicionais. Esse saber popular foi repassado oralmente de uma geração a outra. No final da década de 1970, as organizações internacionais de saúde passaram a se interessar por essa forma de cuidado e atenção e, então, ocorreu a institucionalização das medicinas alternativas e complementares e, dentre elas, o uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos. Com o objetivo de contribuir com o debate contemporâneo sobre o tema, o texto traz uma reflexão sobre a trajetória do uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos como forma de cuidado com a saúde no Brasil. O presente artigo apresenta algumas páginas eletrônicas brasileiras sobre o tema bem como recomenda alguns portais hospedados fora do país.
Noniterative multiplane holographic projection
Authors: Velez-Zea Alejandro , Torroba Roberto
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we introduce a mixed complex and phase-only constraint for noniterative computer generation of phase-only holograms from multiplane intensity distributions. We are able to reproduce three-dimensional intensity distributions with the same number of planes achieved with the Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm; at the same time, we maintain the fast computation time of a noniterative method. In this way, we enable the possibility of multiplane light field control in dynamic applications. We show numerical results for three- and eight-plane holograms, for different interplane distances—using either the same or different amplitude constraints in each plane. In all of these tests, our method results in a comparable or better reconstruction quality than the GS algorithm, while achieving a significant decrease in computing time. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate the capability of our proposal to achieve multiplane holographic projection.
Fundamental limitations of spectrally-sliced optically enabled data converters arising from MLL timing jitter
Authors: Zazzi Andrea , Müller Juliana , Gudyriev Sergiy , Marin-Palomo Pablo , Fang Dengyang , Scheytt J. Christoph , Koos Christian , Witzens Jeremy
Published: April 2020

The effect of phase noise introduced by optical sources in spectrally-sliced optically enabled DACs and ADCs is modeled and analyzed in detail. In both data converter architectures, a mode-locked laser is assumed to provide an optical comb whose lines are used to either synthesize or analyze individual spectral slices. While the optical phase noise of the central MLL line as well as of other optical carriers used in the analyzed system architectures have a minor impact on the system performance, the RF phase noise of the MLL fundamentally limits it. In particular, the corresponding jitter of the MLL pulse train is transferred almost one-to-one to the system-level timing jitter of the data converters. While MLL phase noise can in principle be tracked and removed by electronic signal processing, this results in electric oscillator phase noise replacing the MLL jitter and is not conducive in systems leveraging the ultra-low jitter of low-noise mode-locked lasers. Precise analytical models are derived and validated by detailed numerical simulations.
Theoretical research of retarder phase deviation in channeled Mueller matrix spectropolarimeters
Authors: Dai Hu , Li Detian , Yang Bin , Li Yali
Published: April 2020

Channeled Mueller matrix spectropolarimeters (CMMSPs) have gained increasing popularity in recent years due to no moving parts. However, in order to obtain more accurate measurements, thorough studies on the influence and correction of their systematic errors are still needed. This paper presents a novel perspective for CMMSPs based on a signal processing technique, and propose a coherence demodulation method to extract channel signals in the modulated intensity. From theoretical analysis, the influence of phase deviation resulting from the imperfection of retarders is pinpointed. Meanwhile, the mechanism of phase deviation is described in theory and visually displayed by simulation. To mitigate the interference of retarder phase deviation, this work proposes a way for correction utilizing a vacuum and polarizer as determinant samples. Noticeably, the phase deviations are treated as a whole and represented by polynomials during correction. The reverse process of error mechanism is used to correct the influence. Finally, this means is proved by a series of simulation validations with a detector noise of 30 dB and retarder misalignment errors of 0.5°.
Experimental demonstration of hidden nonlocality with local filters
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Jian , Wang Xiao-Run , Liu Tong-Jun , Wang Qin
Published: April 2020

The violation of the Bell inequalities implies that quantum mechanics cannot be interpreted using any local hidden variable theory. However, particular quantum states that can originally be described using a local hidden variable model surprisingly exhibit nonlocality by employing local filters before a standard Bell test is performed. This is referred to as hidden nonlocality. In this study, we provide the experimental demonstration of hidden nonlocality through linear optics towards the local states which are put forword by Hirsch et al., PRL 111, 160402 (2013). A class of local states is generated through a spontaneous parametric down-conversion process, and the violation of the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH)–Bell inequality is observed by applying local filters. Our experimental results confirm the superiority of local filters, and throw light on deep understanding the intriguing phenomena of hidden nonlocality and local states.
MetaNet: a new paradigm for data sharing in photonics research
Authors: Jiang Jiaqi , Lupoiu Robert , Wang Evan W. , Sell David , Paul Hugonin Jean , Lalanne Philippe , Fan Jonathan A.
Published: April 2020

Optimization methods are playing an increasingly important role in all facets of photonics engineering, from integrated photonics to free space diffractive optics. However, efforts in the photonics community to develop optimization algorithms remain uncoordinated, which has hindered proper benchmarking of design approaches and access to device designs based on optimization. We introduce MetaNet, an online database of photonic devices and design codes intended to promote coordination and collaboration within the photonics community. Using metagratings as a model system, we have uploaded over one hundred thousand device layouts to the database, as well as source code for implementations of local and global topology optimization methods. Further analyses of these large datasets allow the distribution of optimized devices to be visualized for a given optimization method. We expect that the coordinated research efforts enabled by MetaNet will expedite algorithm development for photonics design.
Characterizing the carrier-envelope phase stability of mid-infrared laser pulses by high harmonic generation in solids
Authors: Leblanc A. , Lassonde P. , Dalla-Barba Gilles , Cormier E. , Ibrahim H. , Légaré F.
Published: April 2020

We present a novel approach for measuring the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stability of a laser source by employing the process of high harmonic generation (HHG) in solids. HHG in solids driven by few-cycle pulses is very sensitive to the waveform of the driving pulse, therefore enabling to track the shot-to-shot CEP fluctuations of a laser source. This strategy is particularly practical for pulses at long central wavelength up to the mid-infrared spectral range where usual techniques used in the visible or near-infrared regions are challenging to transpose. We experimentally demonstrate this novel tool by measuring the CEP fluctuations of a mid-infrared laser source centered at 9.5~μm.
>100 W GHz femtosecond burst mode all-fiber laser system at 1.0 µm
Authors: Liu Yicai , Wu Jingfeng , Wen Xiaoxiao , Lin Wei , Wang Wenlong , Guan Xianchao , Qiao Tian , Guo Yuankai , Wang Weiwei , Wei Xiaoming , Yang Zhongmin
Published: April 2020

In this work, we report a >100 W femtosecond (fs) burst mode all-fiber laser system at 1.0 µm that operates at an intra-burst repetition rate of up to 1.2 GHz. This fiber laser system provides the highest output power that has been reported so far for GHz fs fiber lasers, to the best of our knowledge. In addition to the superior output power, this fiber laser system also shows a promising overall figure of merit, specifically in terms of pulse width (473 fs), long-term reliability (<0.67% power fluctuation) and system compactness (all-fiber configuration). We anticipate that this all-fiber laser system can be a promising ultrafast laser source for these applications requiring fs pulses with both high average power and high repetition rate, such as micromachining, bioimaging and frequency metrology.
Highly linearly polarized light emission from flexible organic light-emitting devices capitalized on integrated ultrathin metal-dielectric nanograting
Authors: Zhou Lei , Zhu Yu-Fu , Zhang Qun-Yong , Zhou Yun , Wang Yan-Zong , Zhou Guang-Hong , Wei Huai-Xin , Shen Su
Published: April 2020

Although there have been tremendous achievements ever since the first work on an organic electroluminescent (EL) device that emitted polarized light, the development of flexible polarized emission organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) is not without hurdles, and the challenge towards real-world applications still requires tremendous effort. In this paper, we proposed highly linearly polarized light-emission from flexible green OLEDs capitalized on integrated ultrathin metal-dielectric nanograting. The acquired polarized device with meticulously optimized geometric parameters yields an angle-invariant average extinction ratio beyond 20.0 dB within a viewing angle range of ± 60°. The detailed analysis illustrates that surface plasmons and cavity modes are simultaneously contributed to the TM-polarized light selection. We hope that the presented approach will open new opportunities for designing flexible polarized light sources.
Ultrafast intraband electron dynamics of preexcited SiO2
Authors: Lü Ling-Jie , Bian Xue-Bin
Published: April 2020

Intraband high-order harmonics in solids reflect the nonlinear motion of carriers in the energy bands and have important applications. In general, multiple energy bands contribute to the intraband harmonics. We reveal the interference mechanism of intraband harmonics between electrons and holes by using the k-resolved semiclassical intraband model. The model gives a quantitative relationship between the intraband radiation yield, the energy band dispersion, and the laser parameters. Based on a preexcitation scheme, we present a method to reconstruct energy bands by using the intraband harmonics. We simulate the intraband harmonics of photo-carriers polarized by a bias field. The variation of harmonic yields as a function of a delay time results from the k-resolved energy band dispersion and reflects the Bloch oscillation of photo-carriers driven by the bias field.
Image reconstruction for large FOV Airy beam light-sheet microscopy by a 3D deconvolution approach
Authors: Qin Shun
Published: April 2020

Airy beam light-sheet microscopy (LSM) has a very wide field-of-view and generates a high contrast image, which is a big advantage for large cubic sample imaging. Due to the effect of side lobes of Airy beam, shadow artifacts are incurred and therefore, proper image deconvolution is required to reconstruct the real image from the measured image. In this Letter, we propose a block-by-block reconstruction approach based on a 3D deconvolution algorithm, the Richardson–Lucy algorithm with roughness regularization, for Airy beam light-sheet microscopy (ALSM). The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed 3D deconvolution approach significantly outperforms the existing 1D deconvolution technique in restored image-quality, which makes it very promising for large field-of-view (FOV) ALSM image reconstruction.
High-speed wide-field multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Zhong Fenghe , Bao Youwei , Chen Ruimin , Zhou Qifa , Hu Song
Published: April 2020

Capable of imaging blood perfusion, oxygenation, and flow simultaneously at the microscopic level, multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has quickly emerged as a powerful tool for studying hemodynamic and metabolic changes due to physiological stimulations or pathological processes. However, the low scanning speed poised by the correlation-based blood flow measurement impedes its application in studying rapid microvascular responses. To address this challenge, we have developed a new, to the best of our knowledge, multi-parametric PAM system. By extending the optical scanning range with a cylindrically focused ultrasonic transducer (focal zone,

76

µ

m

×

4.5

m
m

) for simultaneous acquisition of 500 B-scans, the new system is 112 times faster than our previous multi-parametric system that uses a spherically focused transducer (focal diameter, 40 µm) and enables high-resolution imaging of blood perfusion, oxygenation, and flow over an area of

4.5

×

1

m
m

2

at a frame rate of 1 Hz. We have demonstrated the feasibility of this system in the living mouse ear. Further development of this system into reflection mode will enable real-time cortex-wide imaging of hemodynamics and metabolism in the mouse brain.
Frequency stability of the mode spectrum of broad bandwidth Fabry-Pérot interferometers
Authors: Jennings Jeff , Terrien Ryan , Fredrick Connor , Grisham Michael , Notcutt Mark , Halverson Samuel , Mahadevan Suvrath , Diddams Scott A.
Published: April 2020

When illuminated by a white light source, the discrete resonances of a Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FP) provide a broad bandwidth, comb-like spectrum useful for frequency calibration. We report on the design, construction, and laboratory characterization of two planar, passively stabilized, low finesse (≈40) FPs spanning 380 nm to 930 nm and 780 nm to 1300 nm, with nominal free spectral ranges of 20 GHz and 30 GHz respectively. These instruments are intended to calibrate astronomical spectrographs in radial velocity searches for extrasolar planets. By tracking the frequency drift of three widely-separated resonances in each FP, we measure fractional frequency drift rates as low as 1 × 10−10 day−1. However, we find that the fractional drift rate varies across the three sample wavelengths, such that the drift of two given resonance modes disagrees with the ratio of their mode numbers. We explore possible causes of this behavior, as well as quantify the temperature and optical power sensitivity of the FPs. Our results demonstrate the advancement of Fabry-Pérot interferometers as robust and frequency-stable calibrators for astronomical and other broad bandwidth spectroscopy applications, but also highlight the need for chromatic characterization of these systems.
O mesolítico em Portugal: uma nova visibilidade para os concheiros do rio Sado
Authors: Lima Rafael
Published: April 2020

Com base na investigação realizada para o projecto de Seminário de Licenciatura em Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa, vêm-se aqui apresentar e aprofundar parte dos resultados obtidos para a melhor compreensão da realidade mesolítica da bacia do Sado. Assim, com recurso aos SIG, realizou-se um estudo incidente nos concheiros mesolíticos do rio Sado, nos quais se estudou a relação das implantações dos sítios com o meio geográfico, procurando observar características comuns de forma a encontrar a possível existência de um padrão de assentamento. Optou-se por destacar neste trabalho a ligação com o espaço hidrográfico, raiz comum das implantações dos concheiros do Sado, assim como os aspectos relativos à visibilidade entre os próprios sítios, observando-se a fraca intervisibilidade entre os vários grupos ao invés do inicialmente ponderado.
O Sítio de Fornos do Barranco Horta do Almada I (Santa Clara do Louredo, Beja) - primeiros dados acerca da ocupação pré-histórica
Authors: Rosa Ana , Diniz Mariana
Published: April 2020

No quadro dos trabalhos arqueológicos preventivos, realizados no âmbito do projecto de rega executado pela EDIA, S.A, foi identificado, no sítio do Barranco Horta do Almada I (Santa Clara do Louredo, Beja), um conjunto substancial de estruturas negativas – tipo fossa e outras que consideramos tratar-se de pequenos fornos. De acordo com as ocupações conhecidas para o Sul de Portugal, este sítio, atendendo à tipologia das estruturas, à estratigrafia e cultura material pode enquadrar-se, em termos cronológicos e culturais, nos contextos dos inícios do Holocénico, como será discutido.
Possibilidades para pensar a arquitetura dos recintos murados da pré-história recente
Authors: Vale Ana
Published: April 2020

Este texto procura abordar os recintos murados da Pré-história Recente, tendo por base os estudos efetuados em contexto português e partindo da análise da arquitetura destes sítios. Apresenta as periodizações propostas e as problemáticas inerentes à analise da temporalidade de cada sítio e procura questionar as múltiplas formas construtivas e modos de usar o espaço. Finalmente propõe-se discutir as possibilidades do tipo “recintos murados” em articulação com a singularidade de cada sítio particular.
A INFLUÊNCIA DE JOÃO DE RUÃO NA PRODUÇÃO ARTÍSTICA DAS MISERICÓRDIAS: OBRAS, DISCÍPULOS E DINASTIA
Authors: Vaz Ana Margarida , Pinho Joana
Published: April 2020

As Misericórdias constituíram-se, no domínio da sua atividade, como importantes promotoras de diferentes manifestações patrimoniais. Estas obras de arte integravam-se nas correntes estéticas dominantes e registavam influências da arte produzida localmente; de acordo com o poder económico e o esclarecimento cultural dos seus líderes, foram-se privilegiando os mais relevantes artistas de cada época e área geográfica. Neste contexto, procurar-se-á analisar o papel de João de Ruão no âmbito da produção artística das Misericórdias, que se concretiza em três dimensões: nas obras realizadas pelo próprio, em intervenções de cariz arquitetónico e escultórico, que alguns autores consideram como a origem de especificidades existentes nas Casas da Misericórdia, e nas realizadas pelos seus discípulos e dinastia.
ASSIS, Zamira de; SANTOS, Magda Guadalupe dos (Orgs.), Diferença sexual e desconstrução da subjetividade em perspetiva, 246 pp, Belo Horizonte, D’Plácido, ISBN 978-85-8425-190-2
Authors: Bebiano Adriana
Published: April 2020

Diferença sexual e desconstrução da subjetividade em perspetiva
Posibilidad, realidad y necesidad del discurso práctico
Authors: Damiani Alberto
Published: April 2020

El propósito de este trabajo es explicar la relación entre acción, reglas y discurso. El trabajo comienza con una presentación de algunas objeciones a la ética del discurso y su base común: la independencia entre moralidad y razón. Luego son propuestas contra esas objeciones dos tesis sobre la relación entre acción y discurso en un marco pragmático trascendental. La conclusión es que la posibilidad del discurso es una condición del sentido de la acción humana.
Point-of-care testing (POCT) and IT security concepts
Authors: Johannis Wibke , Bietenbeck Andreas , Malchau Gebhart , Streichert Thomas
Published: April 2020

Point-of-care testing (POCT) has been an essential service in hospitals for many years with a main focus on reliability, classical laboratory quality criteria and easy handling. Hospital information technology (IT) security regulations, however, have not yet been adapted to the specificities of POCT. Following the POCT Symposium in Munich, the “1st Round Table POCT-IT-Security Meeting” held in October 2019 in Cologne addressed these issues and managed to establish first consensus results in the essential fields of user, data and update management, as well as network connections and user-friendliness. First practical steps include optimizing the user management by connection to a directory service and definition of access control (including emergency authorization). Patient data economy on analyzers in combination with data and data transmission encryption as well as technically secure communication protocols are relevant steps in the fields of data management and network connections. An update management needs to be contractually defined for remote services and generally includes testing in a protocol-based scenario. Providing an organizational structure for POCT-IT security is a necessary prerequisite, as are continuous training and awareness for this topic with a strong focus on usability.
(Non)finiteness, constructions and participles in Lithuanian
Authors: Arkadiev Peter M.
Published: April 2020

This article offers an analysis of the morphosyntactic properties of Lithuanian participles in terms of the criteria of “canonical” finiteness proposed by (Nikolaeva, Irina. 2013. Unpacking finiteness. In Dunstan Brown, Marina Chumakina & Greville G. Corbett (eds.),Canonical morphology and syntax, 99–122. Oxford: Oxford University Press.). It is shown that in their different uses, i. e., as heads of two types of evidential clauses, as predicates in complement, adverbial and attributive clauses and as lexical verbs in periphrastic constructions, Lithuanian participles show considerably different combinations of finite and nonfinite characteristics and hence cannot be unequivocally treated as nonfinite. It is argued that it is the individual constructions where the participles occur that determine their morphosyntactic features and that the very notion of (non)finiteness is composite and largely derivative.
Hungry for charge – how a beryllium scorpionate complex “eats” a weakly coordinating anion
Authors: Naglav-Hansen Dominik , Dzialkowski Kevin , Tobey Briac , Wölper Christoph , Jansen Georg , Schulz Stephan
Published: April 2020

We present the reaction of a tris(pyrazolyl) beryllium scorpionate (TpBe) complex with a weakly coordinating anion (WCA), which yields the heteroleptic complex TpBeOC(CF3)3
1 (TpBeOR
F). The product 1 has been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 9Be, 13C) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (scXRD). Quantum chemical calculations (DFT, NPA, LOL) were performed to study the bonding nature in 1.
Investigation to Quantify Suction Characteristics of Marine Soil during Drying and Wetting Cycles
Authors: Wanare Ram , Shetty Rakshith , Jayanthi Prathyusha N. V. , Singh D. N. , Iyer Kannan K. R.
Published: April 2020

The water retention characteristics of soil play a significant role in controlling its behavior (viz., strength, volume change, and cracking characteristics) during drying and wetting. In the case of marine soils, the water retention characteristics during drying and wetting cycles depend on both matric suction and osmotic suction. Studies by earlier researchers have mainly focused on soils with low osmotic suction and are applicable to higher degrees of saturation. Furthermore, there is a lack of studies that quantify the hysteresis associated with drying and wetting cycles for marine soils. In this context, the present work attempts the estimation of osmotic suction for marine soil by the experimental measurement of total and matric suction at different stages of drying and wetting by employing Dewpoint PotentiaMeter (WP4C). The study also evaluates hysteresis associated with matric, osmotic, and total suction. It has been observed from the study that osmotic suction has a significant influence on water retention characteristics of marine soils and attains a threshold value for a relatively dry state of the specimen. Furthermore, the hysteresis associated with matric suction is observed to be quite reproducible for different specimens, whereas for osmotic suction, some deviation is observed. The study presents the methodology for experimental quantification of osmotic suction, which would be quite useful in understanding the water retention behavior of marine soils in a more scientific way. It is opined that the findings of the study would be useful for understanding the influence of osmotic suction on marine soil behavior with respect to desiccation cracking during drying and time rate of settlement.
Neonatal Injury Evokes Persistent Deficits in Dynorphin Inhibitory Circuits within the Adult Mouse Superficial Dorsal Horn
Authors: Brewer Chelsie L. , Li Jie , O'Conor Keith , Serafin Elizabeth K. , Baccei Mark L.
Published: April 2020

Neonatal tissue damage induces long-term deficits in inhibitory synaptic transmission within the spinal superficial dorsal horn (SDH) that include a reduction in primary afferent-evoked, feedforward inhibition onto adult projection neurons. However, the subpopulations of mature GABAergic interneurons which are compromised by early-life injury have yet to be identified. The present research illuminates the persistent effects of neonatal surgical injury on the function of inhibitory SDH interneurons derived from the prodynorphin (DYN) lineage, a population that synapses directly onto lamina I spinoparabrachial neurons and is known to suppress mechanical pain and itch in adults. The results demonstrate that hindpaw incision at postnatal day 3 (P3) significantly decreased the strength of primary afferent-evoked glutamatergic drive onto DYN neurons within the adult mouse SDH while increasing the appearance of afferent-evoked inhibition onto the same population. Neonatal injury also dampened the intrinsic membrane excitability of mature DYN neurons, and reduced their action potential discharge in response to sensory input, compared with naive littermate controls. Furthermore, P3 incision decreased the efficacy of inhibitory DYN synapses onto adult spinoparabrachial neurons, which reflected a prolonged reduction in the probability of GABA release. Collectively, the data suggest that early-life tissue damage may persistently constrain the ability of spinal DYN interneurons to limit ascending nociceptive transmission to the adult brain. This is predicted to contribute to the loss of feedforward inhibition onto mature projection neurons, and the “priming” of nociceptive circuits in the developing spinal cord, following injuries during the neonatal period.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeonatal injury has lasting effects on pain processing in the adult CNS, including a reduction in feedforward inhibition onto ascending projection neurons in the spinal dorsal horn. While it is clear that spinal GABAergic interneurons are comprised of multiple subpopulations that play distinct roles in somatosensation, the identity of those interneurons which are compromised by tissue damage during early life remains unknown. Here we document persistent deficits in spinal inhibitory circuits involving dynorphin-lineage interneurons previously implicated in gating mechanical pain and itch. Notably, neonatal injury reduced the strength of dynorphin-lineage inhibitory synapses onto mature lamina I spinoparabrachial neurons, a major output of the spinal nociceptive network, which could contribute to the priming of pain pathways by early tissue damage.
Ependymal Vps35 Promotes Ependymal Cell Differentiation and Survival, Suppresses Microglial Activation, and Prevents Neonatal Hydrocephalus
Authors: Wu Kong-yan , Tang Fu-lei , Lee Daehoon , Zhao Yang , Song Hyunjin , Zhu Xiao-Juan , Mei Lin , Xiong Wen-Cheng
Published: April 2020

Hydrocephalus is a pathologic condition associated with various brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysfunctional ependymal cells (EpCs) are believed to contribute to the development of hydrocephalus. It is thus of interest to investigate EpCs' development and function. Here, we report that vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 (VPS35) is critical for EpC differentiation, ciliogenesis, and survival, and thus preventing neonatal hydrocephalus. VPS35 is abundantly expressed in EpCs. Mice with conditional knock-out (cKO) of Vps35 in embryonic (Vps35GFAP-Creand Vps35Emx1-Cre) or postnatal (Vps35Foxj1-CreER) EpC progenitors exhibit enlarged lateral ventricles (LVs) and hydrocephalus-like pathology. Further studies reveal marked reductions in EpCs and their cilia in both Vps35GFAP-Creand Vps35Foxj1-CreERmutant mice. The reduced EpCs appear to be due to impairments in EpC differentiation and survival. Additionally, both Vps35GFAP-Creand Vps35Foxj1-CreERneonatal pups exhibit increased cell proliferation and death largely in a region close to LV-EpCs. Many microglia close to the mutant LV-EpC region become activated. Depletion of the microglia by PLX3397, an antagonist of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), restores LV-EpCs and diminishes the pathology of neonatal hydrocephalus in Vps35Foxj1-CreERmice. Taken together, these observations suggest unrecognized functions of Vps35 in EpC differentiation, ciliogenesis, and survival in neonatal LV, and reveal pathologic roles of locally activated microglia in EpC homeostasis and hydrocephalus development.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study reports critical functions of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 (VPS35) not only in promoting ependymal cell (EpC) differentiation, ciliogenesis, and survival, but also in preventing local microglial activation. The dysfunctional EpCs and activated microglia are likely to induce hydrocephalus.
Mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance of variable traits through the germline
Authors: Casas Eduard , Vavouri Tanya
Published: April 2020

During the past half century, evidence for inheritance of variable traits has accumulated from experiments in plants and animals and epidemiological studies in humans. Here, we summarize some of the reported cases of epigenetic inheritance and the proposed mechanisms involved in the transmission of non-genetic information between generations in plants, nematodes, flies and mammals. It has long been accepted that information is epigenetically inherited in plants. Although many questions regarding the underlying mechanisms remain to be answered, it is now evident that epigenetic mechanisms are also responsible for the transmission of phenotypes in animals. We highlight similarities and differences between models and species.
Equilíbrio Estático/Dinâmico em Crianças com Baixa Visão
Authors: França Mosquera Carlos Fernando , Da Costa Souza Suellen , Cordeiro de Souza William , E Silva Goyos Nascimento Anne Caroline , Schlesener Anita Helena
Published: April 2020

Na literatura da área da deficiência visual (DV) ainda não há consenso sobre os motivos dos desequilíbrios nos deslocamentos internos e externos de pessoas com DV, com ou sem bengala. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o equilíbrio estático e dinâmico de crianças com DV (baixa visão e cegueira) com crianças que não apresentam DV. O presente estudo caracterizado como descritivo transversal foi composto por 16 crianças com DV (Grupo Experimental/GE) e 26 crianças sem a DV (Grupo Controle/GC), todos com idades entre seis a 14 anos. Para avaliar o equilíbrio foi a Escala de Equilíbrio Pediátrica (EPP), que é composta de 14 itens, com pontuação para cada teste de zero a quatro, sendo a pontuação 4 para o melhor equilíbrio. Não foram encontrados valores significativos nas variáveis de idade, massa corporal, estatura e IMC entre os grupos avaliados. Tal fato também ocorreu na avaliação do equilíbrio estático e dinâmico. Não se observou diferenças significativas na avaliação do equilíbrio estático e dinâmico de ambos os grupos. Sendo assim, não se pode afirmar que a BV, provoca baixo equilíbrio.
Dampak Covid-19 pada Pendidikan di Indonesia: Sekolah, Keterampilan, dan Proses Pembelajaran
Authors: Syah Rizqon H
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe temporary closure of all educational institutions as an effort to prevent the spread of an outbreak of Covid-19 worldwide has an impact on millions of students, including in Indonesia. Disturbances in the teaching and learning process directly between teacher and students as well as the termination of the assessment of learning have an impact on the psychological of students, causing a decrease in the quality of skills. This burden is the responsibility of all elements of education, in particular the government, in facilitating the continuity of schools for all stakeholders in education to conduct distance education. How should Indonesia plan, prepare for and overcome co-recovery 19, to reduce the loss of education in the future.Keywords: Covid-19, school, Stakeholders, Indonesia AbstrakPenutupan sementara lembaga pendidikan sebagai upaya menahan penyebaran pendemi covid-19 di seluruh dunia berdampak pada jutaan pelajar, tidak kecuali di Indonesia. Gangguan dalam proses belajar langsung antara siswa dan guru dan pembatalan penilaian belajar berdampak pada psikologis anak didik dan menurunnya kualitas keterampilan murid. Beban itu merupakan tanggung jawab semua elemen pendidikan khususnya negara dalam memfasilitasi kelangsungan sekolah bagi semua steakholders pendidikan guna melakukan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Bagaimana mestinya Indonesia merencanakan, mempersiapkan, dan mengatasi pemulihan covid 19, untuk menekan kerugian dunia pendidikan di masa mendatang.Kata Kunci; covid-19, sekolah, steakhorders pendidikan, Indonesia
WABAH CORONA VIRUS DISEASE (COVID 19) DALAM PANDANGAN ISLAM
Authors: Supriatna Eman
Published: April 2020

Wabah Corona Virus Disease atau lebih dikenal dengan nama virus korona atau covid-19 yang pertama kali terdeteksi muncul di cina tepatnya di Kota Wuhan Tiongkok pada akhir tahun 2019, mendadak menjadi teror mengerikan bagi masyarakat dunia, terutama setelah merenggut nyawa ratusan orang dalam waktu yang relatif singkat. Hampir kurang lebih 200 Negara di Dunia terjangkit virus korona termasuk Indonesia. Berbagai upaya dalam rangka pencegahan, pengobatan dan sebagainya pun telah dilakukan dalam mencegah penyebaran virus corona, hingga lockdown dan social distancing di kota-kota besar sudah dilakukan untuk memutus rantai penyebaran virus korona. Dalam Islam wabah virus korona ini merupakan sebuah ujian bagi suatu kaum agar selalu mendekatkan diri kepada Allah SWT. Islam juga mengajarkan istilah lockdown dan social distancing dalam rangka pencegahan penularan penyakit, sebagian para ulama menyebutkan Istilah penyakit ini disebut dengan Tho’un yaitu wabah yang mengakibatkan penduduk sakit dan berisiko menular.
Pulmonary Hypertension in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Rao Sriram D , Adusumalli Srinath , Mazurek Jeremy A
Published: April 2020

The development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with heart failure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In this article, the authors examine recent changes to the definition of PH in the setting of left heart disease (PH-LHD), and discuss its epidemiology, pathophysiology and prognosis. They also explore the complexities of diagnosing PH-LHD and the current evidence for the use of medical therapies, promising clinical trials and the role of left ventricular assist device and transplantation.
Smartphone use motivation and problematic smartphone use in a national representative sample of Chinese adolescents: The mediating roles of smartphone use time for various activities
Authors: Meng Haoran , Cao Hongjian , Hao Ruining , Zhou Nan , Liang Yue , Wu Lulu , Jiang Lianjiang , Ma Rongzi , Li Beilei , Deng Linyuan , Lin Zhong , Lin Xiuyun , Zhang Jintao
Published: April 2020

Background and aims

Previous studies on smartphone use motivation (SUM) and problematic smartphone use (PSU) have been limited in the utilization of regional samples of emerging adults (e.g., college students) and also in the foci on the direct association between SUM and PSU. To address such gaps, using data from a large, national representative sample of Chinese young adolescents and their parents this study examined the associations between adolescents' various types of SUM and their PSU, and also tested the potential mediating roles of smartphone use time (SUT) that adolescents spent on various activities in such associations.

Methods

A nationwide representative sample of 8,261 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.86 years old, SD = 1.76; 42.6% females) and their parents (49% mothers) participated in this survey study.

Results

Instrumental SUM (i.e., to expand knowledge or acquire information) was associated negatively with PSU via longer SUT spent on learning and shorter SUT spent on entertainment and communication. Self-expression SUM (i.e., to gain acceptance and recognition of others by maintaining or improving self-images) was associated with longer SUT spent on both learning and entertainment, which, in turn, predicted lower and higher levels of PSU, respectively. Last, hedonic SUM (i.e., to gain pleasure) was associated positively with PSU via longer SUT spent on entertainment and communication.

Discussion

These findings contribute to the literature by adding greater specificity in our understanding of the implications of SUM and SUT in the etiology of PSU during the critical life stage of adolescence in a Chinese cultural context.
Parent–adolescent attachment and peer attachment associated with Internet Gaming Disorder: A longitudinal study of first-year undergraduate students
Authors: Teng Zhaojun , Griffiths Mark D , Nie Qian , Xiang Guangcan , Guo Cheng
Published: April 2020

Background and aims

Given that Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has tentatively been included in DSM-5 as a psychiatric disorder, it is important that the effect of parental and peer attachment in the development of IGD is further explored.

Methods

Utilizing a longitudinal design, this study investigated the bidirectional association between perceived parent–adolescent attachment, peer attachment, and IGD among 1,054 first-year undergraduate students (58.8% female). The students provided demographic information (e.g., age, gender) and were assessed using the nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment. Assessments occurred three times, six months apart (October 2017; April 2018; October 2018).

Results

Cross-lagged panel models suggested that IGD weakly predicted subsequent mother attachment but significantly negatively predicted father attachment. However, father and mother attachment did not predict subsequent IGD. Moreover, peer attachment had a bidirectional association with IGD. Furthermore, the model also demonstrated stable cross-sectional negative correlations between attachment and IGD across all three assessments.

Discussion and conclusions

The findings of the present study did not show a bidirectional association between parental attachment and IGD, but they did show a negative bidirectional association between peer attachment and IGD. The results suggested previous cross-sectional associations between IGD and attachment, with larger links among males than females at the first measurement point. We found that peer attachment negatively predicted subsequent IGD, which indicates that peer attachment plays an important role in preventing addictive gaming behaviors for university students.
Decreased effective connection from the parahippocampal gyrus to the prefrontal cortex in Internet gaming disorder: A MVPA and spDCM study
Authors: Wang Ziliang , Dong Haohao , Du Xiaoxia , Zhang Jin-Tao , Dong Guang-Heng
Published: April 2020

Objectives

Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is essential for the condition's diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, the pathological mechanisms of IGD remain elusive at present. Hence, we employed multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) and spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM) to explore this issue.

Methods

Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 103 IGD subjects (male = 57) and 99 well-matched recreational game users (RGUs, male = 51). Regional homogeneity was calculated as the feature for MVPA based on the support vector machine (SVM) with leave-one- out cross-validation. Mean time series data extracted from the brain regions in accordance with the MVPA results were used for further spDCM analysis.

Results

Results display a high accuracy of 82.67% (sensitivity of 83.50% and specificity of 81.82%) in the classification of the two groups. The most discriminative brain regions that contributed to the classification were the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus (PG), right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Significant correlations were found between addiction severity (IAT and DSM scores) and the ReHo values of the brain regions that contributed to the classification. Moreover, the results of spDCM showed that compared with RGU, IGD showed decreased effective connectivity from the left PG to the right MFG and from the right PG to the ACC and decreased self-connection in the right PG.

Conclusions

These results show that the weakening of the PG and its connection with the prefrontal cortex, including the ACC and MFG, may be an underlying mechanism of IGD.
Altered core networks of brain connectivity and personality traits in internet gaming disorder
Authors: Chun Ji-Won , Park Chang-Hyun , Kim Jin-Young , Choi Jihye , Cho Hyun , Jung Dong Jin , Ahn Kook-Jin , Choi Jung-Seok , Kim Dai-Jin , Choi In Young
Published: April 2020

Background and aims

Although the Internet has provided convenience and efficiency in many areas of everyday life, problems stemming from Internet use have also been identified, such as Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Internet addiction, which includes IGD, can be viewed as a behavioral addiction or impulse control disorder. This study investigated the altered functional and effective connectivity of the core brain networks in individuals with IGD compared to healthy controls (HCs).

Methods

Forty-five adults with IGD and 45 HCs were included in this study. To examine the brain networks related to personality traits that influence problematic online gaming, the left and right central executive network (CEN) and the salience network (SN) were included in the analysis. Also, to examine changes in major brain network topographies, we analyzed the default mode network (DMN).

Results

IGD participants showed lower functional connectivity between the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other regions in the CEN than HC participants during resting state. Also, IGD participants revealed reduced functional connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and other regions in the SN and lower functional connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex of the anterior DMN. Notably, in IGD individuals but not HC individuals, there was a positive correlation between IGD severity and effective connectivity and a positive correlation between reward sensitivity and effective connectivity within the ventral striatum of the SN.

Conclusions

Problematic online gaming was associated with neurofunctional alterations, impairing the capacity of core brain networks.
A brief review on the rising incidence of chronic kidney diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Nagy J , Kovács T
Published: April 2020

Chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) are the most common forms of kidney disease all around the world. The incidence of CKD is rising, which is mainly driven by population aging as well as by a global rise in hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and metabolic risk factors, particularly obesity and type-2 diabetes. The high mortality, morbidity of CKD, and the health care costs of the renal replacement therapy have led investigators to seek recent and potentially modifiable risk factors such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and the most common cause of chronic liver disease. It incorporates a spectrum of liver diseases ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. On the basis of recent publications, the prevalence of CKD is significantly increased among patients with NAFLD, and the prevalence of NAFLD is also higher in CKD patients than in patients without NAFLD. These findings suggest that patients with NAFLD should be screened for CKD and patients with CKD and metabolic syndrome should be screened for NAFLD. Patients with NAFLD and CKD should be treated and followed up by a multidisciplinary team that involves specialists in hepatology, nephrology, diabetes, and cardiology.
Kezdeti tapasztalataink öntáguló flexibilis sztenttel az arteria poplitea atheroscleroticus betegségeinek kezelésében
Authors: Takács Tibor , Mihalovits Gábor , Váradi Rita , Palásthy Zsolt
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés: Napjainkban a perifériás verőérbetegségek
incidenciája mellett a sürgős végtagmentő műtétet igénylő, kritikus
végtagischaemiás esetek aránya is növekszik. A modern orvoslás alapelve a
minimálinvazivitás szemlélete, így az érrendszer helyreállító beavatkozásaiban
is elsődlegessé váltak az endovascularis technikák. Az arteria poplitea
atheroscleroticus betegségei korábban a térd alá vezetett femoropoplitealis
bypassműtét indikációját jelentették. Manapság egyre gyakrabban használunk
intervenciós megoldásokat, ezen az érszakaszon azonban a sztentek használatának
indikációjában az irodalom nem egységes. Célkitűzés:
Érsebészeti osztályunkon 2016. január óta használunk Jaguár öntáguló flexibilis
sztenteket az arteria poplitea atheroscleroticus betegségeinek kezelésére,
célunk ezen beavatkozások effektivitásának vizsgálata volt.
Módszer: Vizsgálatunkba klinikánk Érsebészeti Osztályán
2016. január 1. és 2017. december 31. között olyan arteria poplitea intervención
átesett betegeket válogattuk be, akiknél Jaguár sztent beültetése is történt.
Egyéves utánkövetés során vizsgáltuk a sztentek átjárhatóságát, az
amputációmentes túlélést és az ezeket befolyásoló rizikófaktorokat.
Statisztikai analízis: A folyamatos változók
összehasonlítását Student-féle t-teszttel, a kategorikusokat
khi-négyzet-próbával végeztük. Eredmények: A vizsgált
időszakban 33 esetben végeztünk olyan poplitea, illetve femoropoplitealis
endovascularis beavatkozást, melynek során az arteria poplitea szegmentbe Jaguár
sztent beültetése is történt. Reoperációt igénylő posztintervenciós szövődmény 2
esetben fordult elő. Az utánkövetés során az első év végén a popliteasztentek
primer átjárhatósága 58,1%-os, szekunder átjárhatósága 74,2%-os, míg az
amputációmentes túlélés 96,8%-os volt. Következtetés:
Eredményeink alapján – a nemzetközi irodalmi adatokkal összehasonlítva –
megállapítható, hogy bár a Jaguár sztentek egyéves primer átjárhatósága relatíve
alacsonyabb, az egyéves amputációmentes túlélés már jónak mondható, emellett a
módszer sok esetben lényegesen kisebb műtéti terheléssel jár. Orv Hetil. 2020;
161(15): 588–593.