bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimentally Study the Temperature Profile in the Plume Chimney above a Natural Draft Chimney Model
Authors: Rahman Md. Mizanur
Published: June 2024

The chimney holds a central position in the industry, as the efficiency of the stack directly impacts the industry's overall performance. The presence of a real plume at the chimney exit indicates that the chimney is in draft-free operation. This study uses the temperature profile to detect a plume at the chimney's exit. To conduct experiments, the project entails designing and fabricating models for three distinct model chimneys. We modify the models by adding a wire mesh screen to face areas of 0.56 m2, 1.00 m2, and 2.25 m2. This protects the cold inflow at the top to ensure the cold-inflow-free operation of the chimney. K-type thermocouples, linked to a data logger and a computer, measure the temperatures at the exit points and above them. The experimental results show that a wire mesh screen covering the chimney has established an effective plume at the chimney exit. Theoretically, we calculate the maximum effective plume height as 0.27 m above the chimney face, which allows us to measure the temperature up to 0.27 m on the vertical axis (y-axis). Industries, where waste heat rejection from the system is an important task, can use this information to develop an effective natural draft chimney.
The effect of overtime work, work-life balance, and work environment on employee performance
Authors: Radatta Ni Putu Heda , Supartha Anak Agung Ayu Rika Putri
Published: June 2024

Human resources are the heart of a company because they have an important role in the success of achieving the vision, goals, and mission that have been inaugurated. Success depends on employees performing their job obligations. This proves that companies must have management related to human resource management, where the company's mission and employees can succeed in an active way. Human resources as the main asset in driving a company or organization, in its mission the company is required to develop the quality of its human resources so that it can remain competitive with other competitors plus technological developments that have a very big influence in the changing times today. Improving employee performance should be noticed in several aspects such as Overtime, Work-Life Balance, and Work Environment. CV Akemi Bali Craft is a company or industry that produces handicrafts and household items made of wood. Its address is in Beneng Village, Getakan, Banjarangkan District, Klungkung, Bali. The majority of production results are exported abroad such as Japan. Mostly their employees got more overtime to finish target production, so it’s caused underperform from the employees. This study used a quantitative method by distributing questionnaires to respondents, namely CV Akemi Bali Craft employees, a total of 113 employees. The results showed that over time has a negative and important influence on employee performance, work-life balance has a positive and important influence on employee performance, Work Environment has a positive and important influence on employee performance, and over time, work-life balance, and work environment have a positive and important influence on employee performance.
Analysis of company characteristics and deferred tax burden using profit management detection methods
Authors: Sari Maya Macia , Nurhaliza Ika , Hada Pebrilia Amanda , Syade Tahany , Purwanto Yogi
Published: June 2024

This article delved into the intricate relationship between company characteristics and the manipulation of deferred tax burdens, employing profit management detection methodologies. Through various analytical approaches such as qualitative examination of corporate policies, historical scrutiny, and statistical techniques to identify irregularities in financial statements, we investigated patterns indicative of potential financial manipulation, particularly concerning the handling of deferred tax burdens. Our research shed light on the factors influencing a company's decision-making regarding deferred tax burdens and their implications for profit management strategies. By employing profit management detection methods, typically utilized to scrutinize financial statement integrity, including the treatment of deferred tax burdens, our study aimed to unveil the intricate dynamics between company attributes and the management of tax-related liabilities. This investigation not only contributed to the understanding of financial reporting practices but also offered valuable insights for stakeholders, regulators, and investors seeking to comprehend the nexus between company characteristics and the manipulation of deferred tax burdens within the realm of profit management.
Financial performance comparison: BCA Conventional and BCA Sharia period of 2016-2018
Authors: Sanjaya I Putu Eka , Prabawa I Dewa Ketut Gede
Published: June 2024

This study examined the financial performance of BCA Conventional and BCA Sharia from 2016 to 2018, focusing on six financial ratios: Non-Performing Loans/Non-Performing Financing (NPL/NPF), Loan to Deposit Ratio/Financing to Deposit Ratio (LDR/FDR), Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). BCA Conventional generally outperformed BCA Sharia, showing superior results in LDR, ROA, ROE, and BOPO ratios, indicating better liquidity, profitability, and operational efficiency. BCA Sharia excelled in NPF and CAR ratios, suggesting lower credit risk and better capital adequacy. Both banks met regulatory standards, though BCA Sharia needed improvement in ROA and ROE to enhance competitiveness. The study underscored the importance of continuous performance monitoring and strategic management to maintain stability and trust in the banking sector. Future research should explore more advanced analytical methods and extend comparisons across different types of banks for more comprehensive insights.
Relatório Cobradi 2021 : a cooperação educacional e científica brasileira em foco
Authors: Schleicher Rafael T.
Published: June 2024

Este relatório é composto essencialmente por quatro capítulos. O primeiro capítulo apresenta uma visão geral da nova metodologia da Pesquisa COBRADI e as suas origens internacionais, bem como a discussão de quatro temas que representam desafios metodológicos para o ano atual e os anos vindouros. O segundo capítulo é inédito em comparação às edições anteriores dos relatórios COBRADI, sendo essencialmente destinado aos formuladores de política pública e tomadores de decisão de dentro e de fora do Governo Brasileiro e traz os principais dados da pesquisa em um nível de desagregação intermediário, permitindo rápida leitura e compreensão das principais tendências da CID brasileira em 2021. O terceiro capítulo é voltado essencialmente para os práticos da CID, de dentro e de fora do Governo Brasileiro possuindo um nível máximo de detalhamento dos dados coletados na Pesquisa COBRADI 2021, associando instituições, modalidades e inciativas de cooperação. Por fim, o quarto capítulo é temático e primordialmente destinado a todos os interessados na temática de internacionalização das IES brasileiras, particularmente nas temáticas de mobilidade e redes internacionais de pesquisa.
Anomalous Left Renal Vein Prevelence in Routinely Examnied Abdomen by Compoted Tomography Scans in Ejdabia City
Authors: Kutrani Faiza Mohamed , Beheh Ali A. , Geweref Nadya Ben , Mohamed Buzgheia Mohamed H. , Saleh Idris Mohamed Farag , M. Omran Abdalla
Published: June 2024

The goal is to investigate the occurrence and manifestation of anomalies in the left renal vein during routine CT scans of the abdomen.  Materials and Procedures: Retrospective analysis of the pictures from 100 patients who had abdominal CT scans between January 1 and December 31, 2021, with abnormalities in the patterns of their renal veins noted. Findings: of the one hundred patients who had imaging. Their ages ranged from one year old to ninety years old, with 52 males (52%) and 48 females (48%) comprising the group. There were no documented cases of circum-aortic left renal vein anomalies, but 96 patients (96%) had normal preaortic left renal veins. Four cases had retroaortic left renal vein anomalies. On the L1 vertebral level, 41% of patientshad a left renal vein, and 36% of displayed the right renal vein at the level of the L1. There was no statistically significant correlation found between abnormalities and gender. In conclusion, CT scans can reveal differences in the left renal vein's path, information that may be crucial for both clinical and surgical outcomes during procedures involving the abdomen and pelvis.
THE METHODOLOGY OF STRAIGHTENING THE LAND PLOT BOUNDARY IN THE COURSE OF LAND CONSOLIDATION
Authors: Malashevskyi Mykola , Malashevska Olena
Published: June 2024

The issue of land plot boundary straightening in the course of land consolidation has been examined in the study. Over the course of buying out and swapping, adjacent land plots are being incorporated into one land tenure. However, the land plots are inconvenient for cultivation due to broken boundaries. Measures on the boundary straightening comply with the demands of landowners at voluntary land consolidation, when they are interested in the least possible alteration of the boundaries of the existing land plots. The study aims at the substantiation of the methodology for the straightening of land plot boundary with the help of the peer exchange of their parts. Preconditions for the formation of broken boundaries in the course of land consolidation have been scrutinized. Algorithms for land plot boundary straightening with the help of the exchange of the parts of peer land plots have been suggested. The calculation of typical cases of broken boundary straightening has been suggested. The boundary straightening methodology has been tested in a land mass in Kyiv Region, Ukraine. The results of the research can be used in the course of voluntary land consolidation, at the developing of preliminary land reallotment plan for agricultural and built-up land.
COMPENSATION PROBLEM IN LINEAR FRACTIONAL ORDER DISTURBED SYSTEMS
Authors: Amissi Chadi , Magri El Mostafa , Lhous Mustapha , Afifi Larbi
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we study fractional-order linear, finite-dimensional disturbed systems. The fundamental objective of this work is to study the remediability or compensation problem in linear fractional-order time-invariant perturbed systems. The remediability was introduced with the aim of finding an appropriate control that steers the output of the perturbed system towards normal observation at the final moment. We begin first by giving some characterizations of compensation, and then we prove that a rank condition is sufficient to assure the remediability of our system. The relationship between controllability and compensation is also given, and we provide some examples to illustrate our results.
EFFECTIVITY OF THE VACCINATION STRATEGY FOR A FRACTIONAL-ORDER DISCRETE-TIME SIC EPIDEMIC MODEL
Authors: Coll Carmen , Ginestar Damián , Herrero Alicia , Sánchez Elena
Published: June 2024

Indirect disease transmission is modeled via a fractional-order discretetime Susceptible-Infected-Contaminant (SIC) model vaccination as a control strategy. Two control actions are considered, giving rise to two different models: the vaccine efficacy model and the vaccination impact model. In the first model, the effectiveness of the vaccine is analyzed by introducing a new parameter, while in the second model, the impact of the vaccine is studied incorporating a new variable into the model. Both models are studied giving population thresholds to ensure the eradication of the disease. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of the Basic Reproduction Number has been carried out with respect to the effectiveness of the vaccine, the fractional order, the vaccinated population rate and the exposure rate. This analysis has been undertaken to study its effect on the dynamics of the models. Finally, the obtained results are illustrated and discussed with a simulation example related to the evolution of the disease in a pig farm.
STABILITY OF THE HIGHER-ORDER SPLITTING METHODS FOR THE NONLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION WITH AN ARBITRARY DISPERSION OPERATOR
Authors: Amiranashvili Shalva , Čiegis Raimondas
Published: June 2024

The numerical solution of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation by simple splitting methods can be disturbed by so-called spurious instabilities. We analyze these numerical instabilities for an arbitrary splitting method and apply our results to several well-known higher-order splittings. We find that the spurious instabilities can be suppressed to a large extent. However, they never disappear completely if one keeps the integration step above a certain limit and applies what is considered to be a more accurate higher-order method. The latter can be used to make calculations more accurate with the same numerically stable step, but not to make calculations faster with a much larger step.
The Energy Sources, the Physical Properties, and the Mass-loss History of SN 2017dio
Authors: Shi 石 Deng-Wang 登旺 , Wang 王 Shan-Qin 善钦 , Gan 甘 Wen-Pei 文沛 , Liang 梁 En-Wei 恩维
Published: June 2024

We study the energy sources, the physical properties of the ejecta and the circumstellar medium (CSM), and the mass-loss history of the progenitor of SN 2017dio, which is a broad-lined Ic (Ic-BL) supernova (SN) having unusual light curves (LCs) and signatures of hydrogen-rich CSM in its early spectrum. We find that the temperature of SN 2017dio began to increase linearly about 20 days after the explosion. We use the 56Ni plus the ejecta–CSM interaction model to fit the LCs of SN 2017dio, finding that the masses of the ejecta, the 56Ni, and the CSM are ∼12.41 M
⊙, ∼0.17 M
⊙, and ∼5.82 M
⊙, respectively. The early-time photosphere velocity and the kinetic energy of the SN are, respectively, ∼1.89 × 104 km s−1 and ∼2.66 × 1052 erg, which are comparable to those of SNe Ic-BL and hypernovae (HNe), respectively. We suggest that the CSM of SN 2017dio might be from a luminous blue variable–like outburst or pulsational pair instability ∼1.2−11.4 yr prior to the SN explosion or binary mass transfer. Moreover, we find that its ejecta mass is larger than those of many SNe Ic-BL and that its 56Ni mass (M
Ni) is approximately equal to the mean (or median) value of M
Ni of SNe Ic-BL in the literature but lower than M
Ni of prototype HNe (e.g., SN 1998bw and SN 2003dh).
Domitius lusitanicus (Araneae, Nesticidae) - an umbrella species for the conservation of troglobionts in the Estremenho Karst Massif, Portugal
Authors: Alves Tomás , Reboleira Ana Sofia P. S.
Published: June 2024

Domitius lusitanicus (Fage, 1931) is a troglobiont spider, endemic from caves in the largest karst massif in Portugal, the Estremenho. It was the first described cave-adapted species from Portugal, but the male of the species was only described in 1988.

Over the last two decades, the knowledge on the distribution of D. lusitanicus increased significantly. We assess the conservation status of D. lusitanicus, providing new information on its extent of occurrence and the anthropogenic threats and present a IUCN Red List profile. D. lusitanicus faces various anthropogenic threats, such as habitat loss, agriculture, pollution and tourism impacts. Despite a large part of its distribution is included in a Natural Park, it expands outside of the areas deemed for protection in the Natura 2000 network. This species has the widest spread distribution of all troglobionts in the Estremenho Massif; therefore, it may be used as an umbrella species for the protection of other cave-adapted species of invertebrates of the massif.
The prey species and kleptoparasites of Trichodes crabroniformis (Coleoptera, Cleridae) – an active predator on flower-visiting insects in Bulgaria
Authors: Gradinarov Denis , Petrova Yana
Published: June 2024

Feeding of Trichodes crabroniformis (Fabricius, 1787) on insects from 10 families, belonging to orders Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera is documented under field conditions in Bulgaria. Cases of attacks on longhorn beetles of the species Echinocerus floralis (Pallas, 1773) clearly predominated, followed by those of the oedemerid beetles species Oedemera femorata (Scopoli, 1763). First concrete data on feeding of a member of the genus Trichodes Herbst on cantharidin-containing species of Oedemeridae are reported. The kleptoparasitic flies Desmometopa sordida (Fallén, 1820), D. microps Lamb, 1914 and Neophyllomyza acyglossa (Villeneuve, 1920) (Diptera, Milichiidae) are found to be attracted to individuals of E. floralis caught by the predator. The association of Milichiidae species with predatory Coleoptera, as well as with their coleopteran prey items is reported for the first time. This, previously unknown, food source for Milichiidae and the nature of the warning coloration in T. crabroniformis are also discussed.
Observations on the behavior of the saker falcon (Falco cherrug) breeding in Bulgaria
Authors: Daskalova Girgina , Shurulinkov Petеr , Klisurov Ivailo , Angelov Ivailo , Demerdzhiev Dimitar , Petrov Rusko
Published: June 2024

Saker falcon populations suffered severe declines, especially in the second half of the 20th century. During the period between 2004 and 2018, the species became extinct in Bulgaria as a breeding species. After that, a reintroduction program was implemented with birds originating from central Europe. We studied the main behavioral characteristics of both wild sakers from the local population of the species in SE-Bulgaria and these of the reintroduced birds which started breeding in the same region in a wild in 2018. We collected numerous observations on the territorial, hunting, and breeding (parental) behavior of that species. Territorial attacks against 16 bird species were recorded with prevailing numbers against kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca). The main hunting strategies of the species included attacks against sousliks (Spermophilus citellus) in their numerous colonies in the study area. Various species of birds were also captured and brought in the nest. Adults were feeding the nestlings in 31.5–55.3 min intervals depending on their age. In the morning hours (7 am – 12 pm) the duration of the feeding of the nestlings is lower – 11.35±3,5 min on average, compared to the afternoon (12 pm – 5 pm) – 18.81±6,81 min. After the disappearance of a female in 2021, the male alone fed and cared for three nestlings during a period of 19 days. The male stopped feeding the nestlings after finding another female and consequently all the nestlings were found dead.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome Increases Postoperative Complications After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Hirpara Ankit , Carpenter Melissa , Dayton Michael , Hogan Craig
Published: June 2024

Background:

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune condition that predisposes patients to venous thromboembolism (VTE). Although many studies have explored risk factors for VTE after joint reconstructive procedures, the impact of APS is still unclear.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using TriNetX, a health care database that includes 442,494 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Ninety-day postoperative complications and 1- and 2-year surgical complications were compared between patients with and without preexisting APS. Patients underwent propensity score matching in a 1:1 ratio based on relevant comorbidities.

Results:

Patients undergoing THA or TKA with APS, compared with those without, had higher rates of deep venous thrombosis (hip: 9.2% vs 6.0%, odds ratio, 1.589,
P
=.022; knee: 10.5% vs 4.1%, odds ratio, 2.763,
P
<.001), pulmonary embolism (hip: 6.9% vs 3.6%, odds ratio, 1.992,
P
=.005; knee: 8.4% vs 3.0%, odds ratio, 2.989,
P
<.001), and anemia (hip: 24.8% vs 18.6%, odds ratio, 1.447,
P
=.004; knee: 18.5% vs 13.9%, odds ratio, 1.406,
P
=.007). Patients undergoing THA with APS also had higher rates of urinary tract infection (5.0% vs 2.8%, odds ratio, 1.842,
P
=.029) and pneumonia (3.7% vs 1.8%, odds ratio, 2.119,
P
=.025). APS did not impact rates of surgical complications or revision surgery.

Conclusion:

Overall, APS heightens patients' risk for complications after THA and TKA. Specific anticoagulation protocols and preoperative risk stratification should be implemented to reduce the risk of adverse events. [
Orthopedics
. 2024;47(5):301–307.]
Impact of immunity loss on the optimal vaccination strategy for an age-structured epidemiological model
Authors: Bouhali Amira , Ben Aribi Walid , Ben Miled Slimane , Kebir Amira
Published: June 2024

The pursuit of effective vaccination strategies against COVID-19 remains a critical endeavour in global public health, particularly amidst challenges posed by immunity loss and evolving epidemiological dynamics. This study investigated optimal vaccination strategies by considering age structure, immunity dynamics, and varying maximal vaccination rates. To this end, we formulated an SEIR model stratified into $ n $ age classes, with the vaccination rate as an age-dependent control variable in an optimal control problem. We developed an objective function aimed at minimising critical infections while optimising vaccination efforts and then conducted rigorous mathematical analyses to ensure the existence and characterization of the optimal control. Using data from three countries with diverse age distributions, in expansive, constrictive, and stationary pyramids, we performed numerical simulations to evaluate the optimal age-dependent vaccination strategy, number of critical infections, and vaccination frequency. Our findings highlight the significant influence of maximal vaccination rates on shaping optimal vaccination strategies. Under constant maximal vaccination rates, prioritising age groups based on population demographics proves effective, with higher rates resulting in fewer critically infected individuals across all age distributions. Conversely, adopting age-dependent maximal vaccination rates, akin to the WHO strategy, may not always lead to the lowest critical infection peaks but offers a viable alternative in resource-constrained settings.
Understanding Medical Professionals’ Views on Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medical Information Retrieval and Healthcare Information Systems
Authors: Wadasinghe Chandima
Published: June 2024

This study evaluates the perspectives and expectations of postgraduate medical trainees of the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine regarding the use of AI-based systems for medical information retrieval and Healthcare Information Systems. The study was done from January to May 2023 with 106 trainees participating in a library user education programme, and the study achieved a 62.26% response rate (66 respondents). Data were collected through a Google Form questionnaire and analysed using Excel and SPSS version 23. The finding reveals different of perspectives among medical professionals on the use of AI in medical information retrieval. Most respondents (63.34) were enrolled in the MD programme. Medical literature reviews (24.24%) and treatment guidelines, diagnosis, and management of diseases (18.18%) were most frequently searched information types. Findings indicate varied confidence levels among medical professionals, with 21% moderately confident in using AI tools. AI- based tools were considered most suitable for searching medical journals, research articles, and electronic health records. Key factors for evaluating AI tools included accuracy (90%), user-friendliness (80%), and speed (70%). Time savings (19.51%) was, highlighted as the primary advantage of AI tools.There is a strong consensus on the necessity for staying updated with AI technologies, with 54.55% considering it "Very important." Furthermore, 48.48% of respondents emphasised the importance of AI tools in identifying relevant clinical guidelines and best practices. Confidence in AI-based diagnostic recommendations varied, with 43.94% finding them "Somewhat accurate" and 31.82% "Moderately accurate," while a majority (69.7%) believed AI could reduce medical errors and improve patient safety. Integration of AI in administrative and operational tasks was seen as highly significant (41.46%). Satisfaction with AI-generated search accuracy was moderate, with 40.91% "Somewhat satisfied" and 18.18% "Very satisfied." The need for training to use AI tools effectively was widely recognised, with 56.06% indicating some level of expertise required and 24.24% supporting extensive training. Overall, the study highlights perspectives on AI in medical information retrieval, emphasizing the need for accurate, efficient, and user-friendly AI solutions along with sufficient training to enhance medical practice and support evidence-based decision-making. This study finding revealed a range of perceptions and expectations among postgraduate medical trainees regarding AI integration, highlighting the importance of training and education initiatives to support the effective use of AI tools in the field of medicine.
Exploring the potential of combined B-mode features and color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of ureteric stone as an alternative to ionizing radiation exposure by computed tomography
Authors: Abdel Gawad Ahmed M. , Moustafa Bahaa-Eldin A. , Abouelgreed Tamer A. , Elnady Esam A. , Khater Saed , Rehan Mohamed , Elebiary Mohamed F.  , Fathy Basem A. , Shaalan Ahmed , Ramadan Nasser , Hindawy Mohamed , Abdelkader Salma F. 
Published: June 2024

Objective: To assess the diagnostic efficacy of integrating B-mode and color Doppler capabilities of ultrasound (US) to establish a robust standalone diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of ureteric stones as an alternative to non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (NCCT).Methods: A total of 140 consecutive patients diagnosed with ureteric stones using NCCT were enrolled. On the same day, US in both B-mode and Color Doppler was performed by an experienced radiologist who was blinded to the NCCT scan results. The diagnostic rate of US for stone detection was recorded. Additionally, baseline patient and stone characteristics were analyzed for their association with the accuracy of stone detection using US.Results: US exhibited a high sensitivity of 91.43%, detecting 128 out of 140 stone foci. Notably, ureteric stones in the proximal and uretero-vesical junction (UVJ) segments were readily identifiable compared to those in the pelvic region (p = 0.0003). Additionally, hydronephrosis enhanced the US's ability to detect stones (p < 0.0001). Conversely, abdominal gases and obesity adversely affected US capabilities (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.009, respectively). Stone side, size, and density showed no statistically significant impact (p > 0.05).Conclusions: US with its color Doppler capabilities could serve as a reliable and safe alternative imaging modality in the diagnostic work up of patients with ureterolithiasis. Factors including stone location, Hydronephrosis, weight and abdominal gases significantly influenced its accuracy.
Epidemiology of peripartum cardiomyopathy in Africa
Authors: Karaye Kamilu M. , Habib Abdulrazaq G. , Sliwa Karen
Published: June 2024

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a disease that primarily affects Black African women. The history of peripartum cardiac failure in Africa dates to the 1960s, before the availability of echocardiography. With the availability of echocardiography in the late 1970s, studies on well-characterized PPCM began to be reported. To date, there is no population-based PPCM study in Africa. However, hospital-based studies have reported incidence rates as high as 1:100 deliveries in Nigeria and representing up to 52% of all cardiomyopathies. For reasons that are not yet very clear, there are obvious wide disparities in incidence and prevalence within and between African Countries. Likewise, prevalence of suggested risk factors for the disease such as increased age, gravidity or parity, twin pregnancy, obesity, poor socioeconomic status/malnutrition and selenium deficiency vary widely between studies. However, the disease seems to be more common among the poor rural population. Clinical outcomes are much worse in Africa than in Western Europe and North America. Mortality rates as high as 24.2% at 6 months and 47.4% at 1 year of followup had been recorded in Kano, Nigeria, 48.3% over 4 years in Burkina Faso, 11.6% over 6 months in Zimbabwe and 13.0% over 6 months in South Africa. It is hoped that the ongoing peripartum cardiomyopathy in Nigeria (PEACE Registry) and the worldwide EURObservational Research Programme on PPCM will soon shed more light on the epidemiology of PPCM in Africa. The present article aimed to review the epidemiology of the disease in Africa, where the disease is relatively more common.
Using multiple primary endpoints in clinical trials with a focus on heart failure
Authors: Anker Stefan D. , Butler Javed , Talha Khawaja M. , Friede Tim
Published: June 2024

The use of multiple primary endpoints in cardiovascular clinical trials could be useful addition to the arsenal of comprehensive evaluations of meaningful clinical outcomes. Particularly, it may be advantageous and more economic to use several primary endpoints, if several useful endpoint alternatives exist and when it is uncertain what degree of benefit a certain intervention to be tested can achieve, i.e. what power a trial has for a given endpoint. However, analysis of multiple endpoints gives rise to issues of multiplicity of outcomes and family-wise error rate. There are statistical adjustment models (single and multistep) that modify the level of significance for each endpoint based on the number of endpoints considered overall to control the family-wise error rate. The Bonferroni method is a single step approach that divides the nominal significance level alpha equally across all endpoints but is considered a conservative approach in cases where the number of endpoints is large and where endpoints are correlated. The most used multistep approaches include the Holm and Hochberg procedures. The Hochberg method is a more efficient, and less conservative approach towards alpha adjustment compared to the Holm procedure. The Bonferroni, Holm and Hochberg test procedures are all considered suitable analysis strategies for multiple primary endpoints with no need to determine a priori the order for the testing to be performed as is needed in all hierarchical test procedures that are most commonly used today. Furthermore, these strategies can also be used to protect the error rate when including secondary endpoints in an extended analytical procedure. The use of any of these methods needs to be specified a priori in the statistical analysis plan to ensure adequate statistical validity. Examples of clinical trials in the heart failure field that have used or are using such multiple primary endpoint approaches are: MIRACLE, ASCEND-HF, EVEREST, FAIR-HF, DELIVER, RESHAPE-HF2 and FAIR-HF2.
Bibliometric analysis of cardiovascular disease research activity in the Arab world
Authors: Khachfe Hussein H. , Refaat Marwan M.
Published: June 2024

Background: In the Arab world, the prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases – such as cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory conditions, and cardiovascular diseases – has increased. The goal of this article is to assess the activity of research on cardiovascular disease (CVD) by looking at papers that have been published in the Arab world during the past 15 years. Methods: For this investigation, a search was conducted using EMBASE and Medline (via Ovid and PubMed). Between 2002 and 2016 (inclusive), publications on cardiology and cardiovascular illness were gathered from all 22 Arab nations, categorized by author affiliation.Results: During the period of our analysis, the Arab world produced only 1% of the total percentage of CVD papers. Nonetheless, there has been a rise in publications in recent years. Qatar and Lebanon had the highest ratio for CVD to non-CVD publications released. Qatar had the highest number of publications per million persons. Tunisia had the highest number of publications per gross domestic products (in US Billion Dollars). Conclusions: In terms of CVD research activities, the Arab world still lags behind other regions of the world. Five countries are responsible for the majority of publications.
Treatment pathways in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity: perspectives from cardiology specialists and patients
Authors: Butler Javed , Shah Sanjiv J. , Magwire Melissa , Campos Carlos , Usman Muhammad Shariq , Hoovler Anthony , Sabharwal Anup , Borlaug Barry A.
Published: June 2024

Background: Obesity, highly prevalent in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), may make HFpEF more difficult to diagnose by masking its signs. The aim of this study was to identify challenges patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs) face in diagnosing and treating patients with HFpEF and obesity. Methods: An anonymous, US populationbased online survey was conducted in September 2020 among 114 patients with obesity and a selfreported diagnosis of HFpEF and 200 HCPs. Results: In the typical medical journey, almost half of patients (45%) were diagnosed with HFpEF within one month of discussing symptoms with an HCP; however, the remaining patients waited an average of 22 months for diagnosis, most of whom (78%) received their diagnosis from a cardiologist. Most patients (65%) perceived their cardiologist as the coordinator of their HFpEF care. The treatments most recommended by cardiologists for the ongoing treatment of HFpEF included lifestyle changes (91%), diuretics (87%), beta blockers (76%), and angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors (71%). Heart failure specialists (29%) were more likely than general cardiology specialists (12%) to report recommending prescription weightloss medications for management of HFpEF. Most cardiologists reported not having received formal training in obesity management. Conclusions: Cardiology specialists play a central role in the diagnosis and management of HFpEF, but optimal coordination is needed to improve obesity management in patients with HFpEF.
A 70-year-old man with a drooping eyelid and distended chest veins
Authors: Tyagi Rahul , Kishore Kislay , Chakraborty Siddharth , Chakraborty Ritwik , Chopra Manu , Pandey I. M.
Published: June 2024

Horner’s Syndrome and central venous obstruction are usually seen in patients with superior sulcus tumour, and their presence, especially in elderly patients, is alarming. Benign causes of Horner’s Syndrome and central venous obstruction are rare but well-documented in the literature. A combination of both occurring due to clavicular trauma is extremely rare. We report a case of an elderly male with clavicular trauma who presented with Horner’s Syndrome and central venous obstruction. He was managed conservatively and had a complete resolution of symptoms. This case highlights that even “red flag” clinical signs may represent relatively innocuous etiology, and thorough evaluation is essential before reaching a diagnosis.
Study on the Elemental Diffusion Distance of a Pure Nickel Layer Additively Manufactured on 316H Stainless Steel
Authors: Ko UiJun , Lee Won Chan , Shin Gi Seung , Yoon Ji-Hyun , Kim Jeoung Han
Published: June 2024

Molten salt reactors represent a promising advancement in nuclear technology due to their potential for enhanced safety, higher efficiency, and reduced nuclear waste. However, the development of structural materials that can survive under severe corrosion environments is crucial. In the present work, pure Ni was deposited on the surface of 316H stainless steel using a directed energy deposition (DED) process. This study aimed to fabricate pure Ni alloy layers on an STS316H alloy substrate. It was observed that low laser power during the deposition of pure Ni on the STS316H substrate could induce stacking defects such as surface irregularities and internal voids, which were confirmed through photographic and SEM analyses. Additionally, the diffusion of Fe and Cr elements from the STS316H substrate into the Ni layers was observed to decrease with increasing Ni deposition height. Analysis of the composition of Cr and Fe components within the Ni deposition structures allows for the prediction of properties such as the corrosion resistance of Ni.
Intestinal Behçet's disease: A review of clinical diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Liu Ying , Gao Feng , Yang Ding-Quan , Jiao Yan
Published: June 2024

Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder prone to frequent recurrences, with a high predilection for intestinal involvement. However, the efficacy and long-term effects of surgical treatment for intestinal BD are unknown. In the current issue of World J Gastrointest Surg , Park et al conducted a retrospective analysis of 31 patients with intestinal BD who received surgical treatment. They found that elevated C-reactive protein levels and emergency surgery were poor prognostic factors for postoperative recurrence, emphasizing the adverse impact of severe inflammation on the prognosis of patients with intestinal BD. This work has clinical significance for evaluating the postoperative condition of intestinal BD. The editorial attempts to summarize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of intestinal BD, focusing on the impact of adverse factors on surgical outcomes. We hope this review will facilitate more precise postoperative management of patients with intestinal BD by clinicians.
FDX1 as a novel biomarker and treatment target for stomach adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xie Xian-Ze , Zuo Lei , Huang Wei , Fan Qiao-Mei , Weng Ya-Yun , Yao Wen-Dong , Jiang Jia-Li , Jin Jia-Qi
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is one of the main reasons for cancer-related deaths worldwide. This investigation aimed to define the connection between STAD and Cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs). Cuproptosis is a newly identified form of mitochondrial cell death triggered by copper.

AIM

To explore the identification of potential biomarkers for STAD disease based on cuproptosis.

METHODS

A predictive model using Gene Ontology (GO), Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis analyzed gene interconnections, focusing on 3 copper-related genes and their expression in The Cancer Genome Atlas-STAD. Networks for mRNA-miRNA and mRNA-transcription factor interactions were constructed. The prognostic significance of CRG scores was evaluated using time-receiver operating characteristic, Kaplan-Meier curves, and COX regression analysis. Validation was conducted with datasets GSE26942, GSE54129, and GSE66229. Expression of copper-related differentially expressed genes was also analyzed in various human tissues and gastric cancer subpopulations using the human protein atlas.

RESULTS

Three significant genes (FDX1 , LIAS , MTF1 ) were identified and selected via LASSO analysis to predict and classify individuals with STAD into high and low CRG score subgroups. These genes were down-regulated in both risk categories. GO and KEGG analyses highlighted their involvement mainly in the electron transport chain. After validating their differential expression, FDX1 emerged as the most accurate diagnostic marker for gastric cancer. Additionally, the RCircos package localized FDX1 on chromosome 11.

CONCLUSION

Our study revealed that FDX1 could be a potential biomarker and treatment target for gastric malignancy, providing new ideas for further scientific research.
Magnetic compression anastomosis to restore biliary tract continuity after obstruction following major abdominal trauma: A case report
Authors: Zhang Miao-Miao , Tao Jie , Sha Huan-Chen , Li Yun , Song Xiao-Gang , Muensterer Oliver J , Dong Fang-Fang , Zhang Li , Lyu Yi , Yan Xiao-Peng
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The combination of magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) and endoscopy has been used to treat biliary stricture after liver transplantation. However, its use for the treatment of complex biliary obstruction after major abdominal trauma has not been reported. This case report describes the successful use of MCA for the treatment of biliary obstruction resulting from major abdominal trauma.

CASE SUMMARY

A 23-year-old man underwent major abdominal surgery (repair of liver rupture, right half colon resection, and ileostomy) following a car accident one year ago. The abdominal drainage tube, positioned at the Winslow foramen, was draining approximately 600-800 mL of bile per day. During the two endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures, the guide wire was unable to enter the common bile duct, which prevented placement of a biliary stent. MCA combined with endoscopy was used to successfully achieve magnetic anastomosis of the peritoneal sinus tract and duodenum, and then a choledochoduodenal stent was placed. Finally, the external biliary drainage tube was removed. The patient achieved internal biliary drainage leading to the removal of the external biliary drainage tube, which improved the quality of life.

CONCLUSION

Magnetic compression technique can be used for the treatment of complex biliary obstruction with minimal operative trauma.
Lane Departure Warning Systems: Information for the Human Interface
Authors:   Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) Committee
Published: June 2024

The lane departure warning (LDW) system is a warning system that alerts drivers if they are drifting (or have drifted) out of their lane or from the roadway. This warning system is designed to reduce the likelihood of crashes resulting from unintentional lane departures (e.g., run-off-road, side collisions, etc.). This system will not take control of the vehicle; it will only let the driver know that he/she needs to steer back into the lane. An LDW is not a lane-change monitor, which addresses intentional lane changes, or a blind spot monitoring system, which warns of other vehicles in adjacent lanes.

This informational report applies to original equipment manufacturer and aftermarket LDW systems for light-duty vehicles (gross vehicle weight rating of no more than 8500 pounds) on relatively straight roads with a radius of curvature of 500 m or more and under good weather conditions.
Biomedical Waste Management in Public Health Centers in Lome, Togo
Authors: Nakoro A , Komi Koukoura K , Titone B , Tchacondo T
Published: June 2024

This study aims to contribute on improving the solid biomedical waste management in public health facilities in the municipality of Gulf 4 of Grand Lomé, by a descriptive method based on surveys and observations. 42.25% of the staff members were trained in biomedical waste management. Waste sorting was not effective in all units: 55.56% have already had at least one accident. These observations can be used to define a new strategy that will improve the management of solid biomedical waste in health facilities
Effect of African Walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) Seed Oil on 3-Methylcholanthrene-Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis and Expression of COX-2 and PPAR-ɣ in Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Uhunmwangho E.S , Oyiborhoro O , Nathatcher O.H , Ubaka E.F , Akinmoye O.D , Mommoh H.A , Olafusi C.O
Published: June 2024

Breast cancer is a commonly diagnosed disease among women, and dietary lipids has been implicated in its incidence. This study investigated the effect of feeding African walnut seed oil (AWSO) on 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) induced mammary cancer and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-ɣ) in female Wistar rats. AWSO was extracted with n-hexane in a Soxhlet apparatus and characterized by gas chromatography. Group A and B of 21 days old rats (15 each) were fed with diet containing 10% AWSO for 12 weeks. After 4 weeks of feeding, group A animals were administered MCA (250mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Another group (group C with 15 animals) was fed with diet containing no AWSO and administered MCA (250mg/kg) intraperitoneally after 4 weeks of feeding. Results revealed that animals fed with AWSO had lower tumor incidence (21.7%), tumor weight (1.22g) and tumor volume of 948mm3compare to the animals not fed with AWSO (87.4%, 9.41g, 6281mm3, respectively. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 was observed only in MCA treated animals and it was significantly less on AWSO fed group than on animals in group not fed with AWSO. The expression of PPAR-γ was significantly more on animals in group fed with AWSO than in group C (not fed with AWSO). Histological analysis of carcinogenesis was significantly (p < 0.05) more rapid on animals not fed with AWSO. Our results revealed that dietary AWSO reduce breast carcinogenesis induced by MCA
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. on Some Blood Parameters and the Histology of the Spleen in Rats
Authors: Isa Z.A , Garba S.H
Published: June 2024

Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. (family Convolvulaceae) is used in folkloric medicine as adaptogenic, antihypertensive, antiphlogistic, antipyretic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, and in the management of neurodegenerative disorders. The effect of the aqueous extract was investigated on some blood parameters and spleen histology in rats. Fifty young adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of ten rats each. Group I served as the control group; groups II and III and IV were administered with 150 mg/kg 250 mg/kg and 350 mg/kg respectively. Groups V animals were administered with 350 mg/kg each but allowed a post recovery period of 14 days to observe for reversibility or delayed effect. The plant extract was administered by gavage for 28 days. Blood parameters were evaluated manually. The extract contained carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Sections from the spleen of rats administered with 350 mg/kg revealed prominent germinal centers with expanded lymphoid cells. Significant increases in red blood cell (p<0.001) and white blood cell (p<0.001) counts were observed. These suggest that the plant has haematinic and immunostimulatory effects. These are important properties thatcan be of benefit medicinally. However, further research on the safety levels of oral consumption of Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. is recommended.
In vitro and In vivo Antiplasmodial Activities and Cytotoxicities of Clerodendrum violaceum Leaf Extracts
Authors: Adebayo J.O , Balogun E.A , Zailani H.A
Published: June 2024

The antiplasmodial activity of hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanolic leaf extracts of Clerodendrum violaceum were tested in vitrousing Plasmodium falciparum W2 strain blood parasites. HepG2 A16 hepatoma cells were used in the cytotoxicity experiments. Chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei NK 65-infected mice were examined for suppressive and curative efficacy. Seven (7) groups of five mice were employed for each extract: groups 1-5 were given 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight of the various extracts. Animals in group 6 were given 20 mg/kg body weight of chloroquine, whereas those in group 7 were given an identical volume of 5% DMSO as a control (the vehicle used in dissolving the extracts). The drug and extracts were orally administered for four consecutive days. The different extracts were inactive in vitro and did not exhibit any toxicity against HepG2 cells in vitro. They did, however, provide some chemo-suppression in vivo; and the methanolic extract had the best antimalarial efficacy in vivo. In addition, the extracts increased the mean survival time of treated mice when compared to the control group. The findings of this study revealed that Clerodendrum violaceum leaf extracts exhibit antimalarial activity in vivo. As a result, it may be concluded that Clerodendrum violaceum leaves, particularly the methanolic extract, have promising antimalarial potential but may be hazardous in high dosages