bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expansion of Self-consciousness in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason
Authors: Lenczewska Olga
Published: December 2019

This paper is a novel attempt at reconstructing Kant’s account of self-consciousness in the first Critique by making evident its gradual expository progression, and at identifying the epistemic status of the two modes of self-consciousness: pure and empirical. I trace the gradual exposition of theoretical self-consciousness across three crucial parts of the book: the Transcendental Deduction, the Refutation of Idealism, and the Paralogisms of Pure Reason. In doing so, I show that the account of theoretical self-consciousness is not presented to us all at once, but is progressively expanded and filled in. I also emphasize the importance of the distinction between the subject’s awareness of its existence, “Dasein”, and of its existence, “Existenz”. I conclude by discussing Kant’s preliminary remarks about practical self-consciousness in the Paralogisms, which bear an important relation to theoretical self-consciousness.
Assessment of Cytokine-Mediated Signaling Pathway Dysregulation in Arm Skin After CO2 Laser Therapy
Authors: Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Zadeh-Esmaeel Mohammad-Mehdi , Rezaei-Tavirani Sina , Akbari Zahra , Esmaeili Somayeh , Okhovatian Farshad
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Laser therapy is known as an efficient approach in dermatology surgery. CO2 laser therapy is a gold standard treatment in skin surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the interferons change after CO2 laser surgery Methods: Significant differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) of arm skin after 7 days of treatment by the CO2 laser relative to the controls are downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and are included in the protein-protein interaction network via a STRING database (an application of Cytoscape software). The central DEGs were identified and enriched via gene ontology by using Clue GO software. Results: A network including 78 DEGs and 100 neighbors was constructed and STAT1, MX1, ISG15, OAS1, IFIT1, IRF8, OASL, OAS2, and RSAD2 as hubs and STAT1, PTPRC, MX1, IRF8, ISG15, IL6, RORC, SAMSN1, and IFIT1 as bottlenecks were introduced. The cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, interferon gamma signaling, hepatitis C, interferon alpha/beta signaling, and the type I interferon signaling pathway were identified as 5 clusters of biological terms which are related to the central nodes. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the cytokine-mediated signaling pathway is the major pathway that is dysregulated after laser application in the treated skin.
Effect of Diode Laser (810 nm) Irradiation on Marginal Microleakage of Multi-mode Adhesive Resins in Class V Composite Restorations
Authors: Golbar Niusha , Kasraei Shahin , Afrasiabi Anahit , Mostajir Elahe , Mojahedi Seyed Masoud
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Some studies have shown that laser irradiation on unpolymerized adhesives can improve composite-dentin adhesion. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the diode laser (810 nm) on the microleakage of multi-mode adhesive systems at enamel and dentin margins of composite restorations. Methods: Classic class V boxes were prepared on 48 sound premolar teeth and randomly divided into 6 groups (n=16). In the control groups, Scotchbond Universal (SBC), G-Premio (GBC), and Ambar U (AMC) were used by a self-etch mode. In the test groups (SBL, GBL, ABL), the 810 nm diode laser was irradiated (1 W) for 10 seconds before the polymerization of the adhesive. The boxes were restored by the resin composite. After finishing and polishing, the samples were thermocycled (5°C to 55°C) for 1000 cycles and then immersed in 0.1% methylene blue dye (48 hours). Dye penetration through the gingival and occlusal margins was measured by Stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed at the 5% significance level using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Significant differences were found between the control and test groups (P<0.05). The occlusal margins of the SBL and GBL groups and the cervical margin of the SBL group exhibited the lowest microleakage (P<0.05). The AM control group showed maximum microleakage at cervical and occlusal margins. Conclusion: The irradiation of the 810 nm diode laser on the unpolymerized universal adhesive systems in a self-etch mode caused a significant reduction in enamel and dentin marginal microleakage of composite restorations.
Lasers: A Review With Their Applications in Oral Medicine
Authors: Luke Alexander Maninagat , Mathew Simy , Altawash Maram Majed , Madan Bayan Mohammed
Published: December 2019

Lasers in dentistry began to gain popularity in the 1990s. Lasers in dentistry are used as a treatment tool or as an adjunct tool. By using the laser in the field of dentistry, the main goal is to overcome the disadvantages, which are currently being experienced in conventional dental treatment procedures. Many specialties in dentistry including oral surgery, implants, oral medicine, periodontics, pediatrics, and operative use the current new laser technology. The ability of lasers to provide minimally invasive procedures with less discomfort to the patient has been useful in the patient delivery system in dental practice. This article describes in brief on the uses of lasers in oral mucosal lesions.
The Effect of High-Intensity Laser Therapy on Trapezius Focal Myositis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Ghanbarnasab Maryam , Nejati Parisa , Moeinoddin Reza , Nejati Lida
Published: December 2019

Focal myositis (FM) is a rare inflammatory myopathy characterized by a painful swelling of a skeletal muscle. The lower limb is the most common site for FM, but it has also been reported in the abdomen, forearm, neck, and tongue musculature. Some conservative treatments such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physiotherapy, and steroids can relieve muscle pain and its minor complications. This report describes a patient who had shoulder pain and was diagnosed with FM in the left trapezius muscle with an excellent response to high-intensity laser therapy.
Modernization of Harvesting and Processing Head
Authors: Rukomojnikov Konstantin Pavlovich , Vedernikov Sergei Vladimirovich , Kuptcova Victoriia Olegovna
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose: The article is devoted to the reduction of energy consumption necessary for delimbing.
Materials and Methods: Branch delimbing method includes feeding the tree trunk through the ring formed by the delimbing knives and simultaneous reciprocator movement of the delimbing knives along the axis of the processed trunk. The distinctive feature of the construction is the presence of the beater unit comprising a pusher and a piston mounted inside a sealed housing.
Results: As a result of the suggested construction the force of the beater impact of the delimbing knife is increased. Using this method, the branches are removed not only due to the force generated when the knives come in contact with branches pushed by feed rolls moving the trunk, but also due to extra beater stress affecting the delimbing knife. The use of the aforesaid method and the construction of the mechanism allows to reduce energy consumption necessary for the delimbing process.
Conclusions: The design of harvesting and processing head proposed in this article can be used in the design and manufacture of logging machines and mechanisms. The technical solution may be an interesting advance of the delimbing process when processing trees, especially when cutting big branches or when cutting forces are temporarily higher than average force values.
Coppice Forest Management Planning and the Regeneration Potential of Pure and Mixed Oak Coppice Forests in North Macedonia
Authors: Trajkov Pande , Dubravac Tomislav , Trajanov Zdravko , Sotirovski Kiril , Nestororvski Ljupco , Tanovski Vladimir
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose: Coppicing is the most widely used silvicultural system in North Macedonia and coppice forests together with shrubs cover cca. 69% of the forest cover area. Pure and mixed stands of oak coppice forests alone cover about 50% of the total forest area subject to current Forest Management Plans. In general, coppices are routinely managed, especially when coppicing as a system is planned to be continued. However, sustainability can be threatened if attention is not paid regarding the age of trees/stands and the presence of undesired tree species. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) quantitative and qualitative aspects of planned management activities in oak coppices throughout the country, (2) the resprouting potential of over-mature oak coppices, and (3) their potential for generative regeneration.
Materials and Methods : We analyzed all official forest management plans in the country, in order to assess planned activities and the methods of management. Additionally, 21 experimental plots were set in order to determine the resprouting potential of over-mature (85 to 95 years) coppices of Quercus petraea and Q. frainneto which previously have been subject of clear-cutting. We took a total count of sprouts on all experimental plots, while generative regeneration seedlings were counted on 4 schematically positioned subplots in each experimental plot. Sprouts and generative seedlings were categorized by height.
Results and Conclusions: According to the data from forest management plans, coppicing is planned to remain as a management system on 401,636 ha, of the total of 450,975 ha of oak coppice forests. Indirect conversion to high forests is planned on 39,137 ha, while direct conversion with substitution is planned for 10,202 ha. In field trials, resprouting was registered on only 38% of the stools. Generative regeneration was recorded in both oak species in numbers which indicate good potential for conversion of oak coppice stands into high forests by seed felling. However, numerous sprouts of other species ( Corylus avellana, Fraxinus ornus, Acer heldreichii), which reach up to 3 meters in height within two seasons, are potentially dangerous for dominating oak seedlings.
A Comparison of Training Modality and Total Genotype Scores to Enhance Sport-Specific Biomotor Abilities in Under 19 Male Soccer Players
Authors: Suraci Bruce R. , Quigley Charlie , Thelwell Richard C. , Milligan Gemma S.
Published: December 2019

Suraci, BR, Quigley, C, Thelwell, RC, and Milligan, GS. A comparison of training modality and total genotype scores to enhance sport-specific biomotor abilities in under 19 male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 154–161, 2021—Soccer-specific training (SST) and small-sided games (SSGs) have been shown to develop physical proficiency in soccer. Research on genetics and epigenetics in the prescription of training is limited. The aims of this study were to compare the impact of 3 different SST/SSG methods and investigate if a total genotype score (TGS) influences training response. Subjects (n = 30 male soccer players, mean ± SD; age 17.2 ± 0.9 years, stature = 172.6 ± 6.2 cm; body mass = 71.7 ± 10.1 kg) were stratified into a “power” (PG) or “endurance” (EG) gene profile group, where a 15 single nucleotide polymorphism panel was used to produce an algorithmically weighted TGS. Training 1 (T1—SSGs only), training 2 (T2—SSGs/SST), and training 3 (T3—SST only) were completed (in that respective order), lasting 8 weeks each, interspersed by 4-week washouts. Acceleration (10-m sprint) was improved by T2 only (1.84 ± 0.09 seconds vs. 1.73 ± 0.05 seconds; Effect Size [ES] = 1.59, p < 0.001). Speed (30-m sprint) was improved by T2 (4.46 ± 0.22 seconds vs. 4.30 ± 0.19 seconds; ES = 0.81, p < 0.001) and T3 (4.48 ± 0.22 seconds vs. 4.35 ± 0.21 seconds; ES = 0.58, p < 0.001). Agility (T-test) was improved by T1 (10.14 ± 0.40 seconds vs. 9.84 ± 0.42 seconds; ES = 0.73, p < 0.05) and T3 (9.93 ± 0.38 seconds vs. 9.66 ± 0.45 seconds; ES = 0.66, p < 0.001). Endurance (Yo-Yo level 1) was improved by T1 (1,682.22 ± 497.23 m vs. 2,028.89 ± 604.74 m; ES = 0.63, p < 0.05), T2 (1,904.35 ± 526.77 m vs. 2,299.13 ± 606.97 m; ES = 0.69, p < 0.001), and T3 (1,851.76 ± 490.46 m vs. 2,024.35 ± 588.13 m; ES = 0.35, p < 0.05). Power (countermovement jump) was improved by T3 only (36.01 ± 5.73 cm vs. 37.14 ± 5.62 cm; ES = 0.20, p < 0.05). There were no differences in T1, T2, and T3 combined when comparing PG and EG. The PG reported significantly (χ2(20) = 4.42, p = 0.035, ES = 0.48) better training responses to T3 for power than the EG. These results demonstrate the efficacy of SSGs and SSTs in developing biomotor abilities. Although these results refute talent identification through the use of a TGS, there may be use in aligning the training method to TGS to develop power-based qualities in soccer.
Effects of Massage and Cold Water Immersion After an Exhaustive Run on Running Economy and Biomechanics: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Duñabeitia Iratxe , Arrieta Haritz , Rodriguez-Larrad Ana , Gil Javier , Esain Izaro , Gil Susana M. , Irazusta Jon , Bidaurrazaga-Letona Iraia
Published: December 2019

Duñabeitia, I, Arrieta, H, Rodriguez-Larrad, A, Gil, J, Esain, I, Gil, SM, Irazusta, J, and Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I. Effects of massage and cold water immersion after an exhaustive run on running economy and biomechanics: A randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 149–155, 2022—This study compares the effects of 2 common recovery interventions performed shortly after an exhausting interval running session on running economy (RE) and biomechanics. Forty-eight well-trained male runners performed an exhaustive interval running protocol and an incremental treadmill test 24 hours later at 3 speeds: 12, 14, and 16 km·h−1. Subjects randomly received either massage, cold water immersion (CWI), or passive rest (control). Runners repeated the treadmill test 48 hours after the first test. A two-way mixed analysis of variance was performed comparing groups and testing times. The massage group had significantly better recovery than the control group at 14 km·h−1 in RE (p < 0.05; η2 = 0.176) and greater stride height and angle changes at 16 km·h−1 (p < 0.05; η2 = 0.166 and p < 0.05; η2 = 0.208, respectively). No differences were observed between the CWI and control groups. The massage group had greater stride height and angle changes at 16 km·h−1 than the CWI group (p < 0.05; η2 = 0.139 and p < 0.05; η2 = 0.168, respectively). Moreover, differences in magnitude suggested moderate effects on RE (η2 = 0.076) and swing time (η2 = 0.110). These results suggest that massage intervention promotes faster recovery of RE and running biomechanics than CWI or passive rest.
The Effect of Tactical Tasks and Gear on Muscle Activation of SWAT Officers
Authors: Keeler Jason M. , Pohl Michael B. , Bergstrom Haley C. , Thomas Justin M. , Abel Mark G.
Published: December 2019

Keeler, JM, Pohl, MB, Bergstrom, HC, Thomas, JM, and Abel, MG. The effect of tactical tasks and gear on muscle activation of SWAT officers. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 238–244, 2022—Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) officers perform a variety of tactical operations while wearing tactical gear. Load carriage has been shown to alter muscle activation in the torso and is also associated with lower back pain, which is a prevalent musculoskeletal injury suffered by SWAT Officers. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of tactical gear on muscle activation of torso musculature while performing occupational tasks. Twenty male SWAT Officers (age: 34.7 ± 4.5 years; height: 1.79 ± 0.1 m; body mass: 91.5 ± 17.3 kg) performed 4 tasks (standing, rifle walk, sitting, and shield walk) with and without gear (mass of gear: 13.8 ± 1.9 kg). Mean electromyographic amplitude was evaluated bilaterally for the erector spinae, rectus abdominis, and external oblique muscles during the trials and expressed relative to maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Addition of gear significantly increased erector spinae mean muscle activation during the rifle walk task (mean delta: +0.16%). However, no differences in muscle activation were identified for any other muscles between gear conditions (effect size ≤ 0.15). The shield walk produced the highest mean activation for each muscle during different tasks. The dynamic tasks yielded (0.24–4.18% MVIC) greater muscle activation levels than sitting and standing tasks. Despite minimal increases in muscle activation levels with the addition of gear, load carriage is known to increase the risk of acute and chronic injury. Collectively, these findings indicate that SWAT Officers should perform most skills without gear during tactical training to simulate task-specific movement patterns but reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injury.
Relationships Between Tests of Strength, Power, and Speed and the 75-Yard Pursuit Run
Authors: Post Brett K. , Dawes J. Jay , Lockie Robert G.
Published: December 2019

Post, BK, Dawes, JJ, and Lockie, RG. Relationships between tests of strength, power, and speed and the 75-yard pursuit run. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 99–105, 2022—The 75-yard pursuit run (75 PR) was designed to simulate a foot pursuit for law enforcement officers (LEOs). Currently, there has been no analysis of contributing physiological factors to performance in this test. The study purpose was to determine the relationships between the 75 PR and tests of linear speed, change-of-direction (COD) speed, and lower-body power and strength. Forty-three subjects (21 men and 22 women) completed 2 testing days. Day 1 consisted of the 75 PR, and linear speed (5- and 20-m sprint intervals) and lower-body power (standing broad jump, best lateral jump regardless of leg) tests. Day 2 included the COD speed (Illinois agility test [IAT], best 505 regardless of leg), lower-body power (vertical jump [VJ]), and strength (isometric mid-thigh pull: peak force, normalized peak force [nPF]) tests. Pearson's (men and women) and partial (combined controlling for sex) correlations (p < 0.05) determined relationships between the 75 PR and the performance tests. Significant relationships were found between the 75 PR and the jump tests (r = −0.53 to −0.68), 20-m sprint interval, IAT, and 505 (r = 0.55–0.82) in men, and between the 75 PR and the jump tests, nPF (r = −0.56 to −0.79), sprint intervals, IAT, and 505 in women (r = 0.54–0.84). When sexes were combined, significant relationships were observed between the 75 PR and the jump tests, nPF (r = −0.41 to −0.67), sprint intervals, IAT, and 505 (r = 0.43–0.78). Prospective LEOs should develop linear and COD speed, lower-body power, and relative strength to improve foot pursuit ability.
To Measure Peak Velocity in Soccer, Let the Players Sprint
Authors: Kyprianou Efthymios , Di Salvo Valter , Lolli Lorenzo , Al Haddad Hani , Villanueva Alberto Mendez , Gregson Warren , Weston Matthew
Published: December 2019

Kyprianou, E, Di Salvo, V, Lolli, L, Al Haddad, H, Villanueva, AM, Gregson, W, and Weston, M. To measure peak velocity in soccer, let the players sprint. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 273–276, 2022—Expressing externals loads relative to a player's individual capacities has potential to enhance understanding of dose-response. Peak velocity is an important metric for the individualization process and is usually measured during a sprint test. Recently, however, peak velocity was reported to be faster during soccer matches when compared with a 40-m sprint test. With the aim of developing the practice of individualized training prescription and match evaluation, we examined whether the aforementioned finding replicates in a group of elite youth soccer players across a broader range of soccer activities. To do this, we compared the peak velocities of 12 full-time male youth soccer players (age 16.3 ± 0.8 years) recorded during a 40-m sprint test with peak velocity recorded during their routine activities (matches, sprints, and skill-based conditioning drills: small-sided games [SSG], medium-sided games [MSG], large-sided games [LSG]). All activities were monitored with 10-Hz global positioning systems (Catapult Optimeye S5, version 7.32) with the highest speed attained during each activity retained as the instantaneous peak velocity. Interpretation of clear between-activity differences in peak velocity was based on nonoverlap of the 95% confidence intervals for the mean difference between activities with sprint testing. Peak velocity was clearly faster for the sprint test (8.76 ± 0.39 m·s−1) when compared with matches (7.94 ± 0.49 m·s−1), LSG (6.94 ± 0.65 m·s−1), MSG (6.40 ± 0.75 m·s−1), and SSG (5.25 ± 0.92 m·s−1), but not sprints (8.50 ± 0.36 m·s−1). Our data show the necessity for 40-m sprint testing to determine peak velocity.
Using Small-Sided Games in Field Hockey: Can They Be Used to Reach Match Intensity?
Authors: Duthie Grant M. , Thomas Elizabeth J. , Bahnisch Jamie , Thornton Heidi R. , Ball Kevin
Published: December 2019

Duthie, GM, Thomas, EJ, Bahnisch, J, Thornton, HR, and Ball, K. Using small-sided games in field hockey: Can they be used to reach match intensity? J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 498–502, 2022—Small-sided games (SSGs) are commonly used in field hockey to replicate or overload physical and tactical competition demands; however, little evidence is available regarding if specific SSG formats achieve this. This research investigated how speed and acceleration differed between 5-minute SSG formats (2v2, 3v3, and 4v4) and also compared with competition. Elite male field hockey athletes (n = 10) participated in the SSGs with standard rules, on pitches of 30 × 20, 35 × 25, and 40 × 30 m, respectively (∼150 m2 per athlete excluding goal keepers). Global Positioning System devices measured speed (m·min−1) and acceleration (m·s−2). Differences between mean speed and acceleration during SSGs and 5-minute maximal mean values from competition (calculated using moving averages) were quantified using linear mixed models and described using standardized effect sizes (ES) and 90% confidence intervals. Between SSG formats, there were nonsubstantial differences for mean speed and acceleration (ES range −0.4 to 0.8). Compared with competition, mean speed was substantially lower for all SSG formats (ES range −1.4 to −1.8), whereas mean acceleration was higher (ES range 3.9–4.8). The SSG formats examined had a lower mean speed and higher mean acceleration than the maximal mean observed in competition. Therefore, these SSGs are an effective training drill for the development and overload of acceleration. However, manipulating SSG constraints to expose athletes to the maximal mean competition speed is required.
Comparison of Hydrometer Analysis and Laser Diffraction Method for Measuring Particle and Floc Size Distribution Applied to Fine Coal Refuse
Authors: Jedari Cyrus , Palomino Angelica M. , Drumm Eric C. , Cyr Howard J.
Published: December 2019

Traditional grain size distribution measurement techniques assume that the measured particle diameters are of individual grains. However, for suspended particulate materials, particles may be dispersed or associated in flocs. Further, particle-level associations depend on the surrounding fluid chemistry, which may change over time. The purpose of this study is to compare two different methods of grain size analysis for detecting particle and floc sizes in suspensions of fine coal refuse (FCR): hydrometer analysis, the well-known traditional method, and laser diffraction, a lesser known method. The influence of background solution—flocculant, dispersant, or distilled water—on the apparent grain size of FCR was also investigated. Analogous slurry suspensions made from a well-characterized kaolin were analyzed for comparison. Results from the grain/floc size analysis indicate that there are several advantages of laser diffraction over hydrometer analysis including a short measurement period, small sample size requirement, and the ability to measure a wide range of particle sizes in the same analysis. Moreover, this study highlights the ability of the particle size analyzer (PSA) to accurately measure changes in apparent particle size over time for the same suspension and thereby indicate the presence of flocs. Finally, the PSA has the capability of capturing dynamic particle interactions—flocculation and deflocculation—in real time.
Hydration Effects on Specific Gravity and Void Ratio of Cemented Paste Backfill
Authors: Jafari Mohammadamin , Shahsavari Mohammad , Grabinsky Murray
Published: December 2019

This article presents the results of a laboratory study on the variation of specific gravity (Gs) and void ratio (e) in a cemented paste backfill (CPB) with different cement contents and curing times. CPBs consist of a mixture of mine tailings, portland cement, and mine process water. In this study, a helium stereopycnometer device was used to determine Gs for specimens having cement contents of 3.0, 5.3, 7.5, and 11.1 % by the weight of dry tailings. Curing times of 4 h, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days were considered for testing purposes. In total, 240 helium stereopycnometer tests were conducted in this study, which shows that Gs decreases in the CPB specimens as specimens cure over time and the cement hydrates. Furthermore, 96 tests were conducted to determine e of the CPB specimens with different combinations of cement contents and curing times. The results of these tests indicate that similar to Gs, e decreases with an increase in curing time as the specimens hydrate. The reduction in Gs and e is attributed to the formation of hydration products, which have a lower density than the cement and fill the void space between the particles. The results show that the variation of Gs that is due to the hydration process should be considered in the calculation of e; otherwise, this physical property, especially for specimens with high cement contents, is overestimated.
Study on Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Failure Prediction of Post-High-Temperature Granite
Authors: Yao Wei , Yu Jin , Liu Xueying , Zhou Xianqi , Cai Yanyan , Zhu Yaoliang
Published: December 2019

In an attempt to study the acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of granite specimens (25°C~600°C) during high-temperature deformation, the uniaxial compression and general triaxial compression tests were carried out. The AE signals were collected simultaneously, following which the AE signals were processed to predict rock failure. The study makes some interesting conclusions. In the uniaxial compression test, AE activity is found to be more active during the postpeak stress phase. In the triaxial compression test, AE activity is found to be more active during the postpeak stress phase. The AE energy and the cumulative energy under uniaxial compression are much larger than the triaxial compression at the failure moment of the granite specimen after the same heat treatment. As the heat-treatment temperature increases, the peak AE energy decreases, but the cumulative AE energy decreases first and then increases. The failure of granite was predicted by AE signal processing, and good prediction results were obtained for different experimental conditions and the different preset failure time tf. The time at which the forecast point appears is usually close to the time at which the rock specimen enters the plastic deformation phase. The value of the parameter tf impacts the curve shape and prediction duration without affecting the occurrence of the forecast point. In addition, the shape of curve changes stepwise as the tf changes.
Ocular Dominance Plasticity in Binocular Primary Visual Cortex Does Not Require C1q
Authors: Welsh Christina A. , Stephany Céleste-Élise , Sapp Richard W. , Stevens Beth
Published: December 2019

C1q, the initiator of the classical complement cascade, mediates synapse elimination in the postnatal mouse dorsolateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus and sensorimotor cortex. Here, we asked whether C1q plays a role in experience-dependent synaptic refinement in the visual system at later stages of development. The binocular zone of primary visual cortex (V1b) undergoes spine loss and changes in neuronal responsiveness following the closure of one eye during a defined critical period [a process referred to as ocular dominance plasticity (ODP)]. We therefore hypothesized that ODP would be impaired in the absence of C1q, and that V1b development would also be abnormal without C1q-mediated synapse elimination. However, when we examined several features of V1b development in mice lacking C1q, we found that the densities of most spine populations on basal and proximal apical dendrites, as well as firing rates and ocular dominance, were normal. C1q was only transiently required for the development of spines on apical, but not basal, secondary dendrites. Dendritic morphologies were also unaffected. Although we did not observe the previously described spine loss during ODP in either genotype, our results reveal that the animals lacking C1q had normal shifts in neuronal responsiveness following eye closure. Experiments were performed in both male and female mice. These results suggest that the development and plasticity of the mouse V1b is grossly normal in the absence of C1q.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThese findings illustrate that the development and experience-dependent plasticity of V1b is mostly normal in the absence of C1q, even though C1q has previously been shown to be required for developmental synapse elimination in the mouse visual thalamus as well as sensorimotor cortex. The V1b phenotypes in mice lacking C1q are more similar to the mild defects previously observed in the hippocampus of these mice, emphasizing that the contribution of C1q to synapse elimination appears to be dependent on context.
PSA-NCAM Colocalized with Cholecystokinin-Expressing Cells in the Hippocampus Is Involved in Mediating Antidepressant Efficacy
Authors: Yamada Jun , Sato Chihiro , Konno Kohtarou , Watanabe Masahiko , Jinno Shozo
Published: December 2019

The extracellular glycan polysialic acid linked to neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is principally expressed in the developing brain and the adult neurogenic regions. Although colocalization of PSA-NCAM with cholecystokinin (CCK) was found in the adult brain, the role of PSA-NCAM remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the functional significance of PSA-NCAM in the CA1 region of the male mouse hippocampus. Combined fluorescencein situhybridization and immunohistochemistry showed that few vesicular glutamate transporter 3-negative/CCK-positive (VGluT3–/CCK+) cells were colocalized with PSA-NCAM, but most of the VGluT3+/CCK+cells were colocalized with PSA-NCAM. The somata of PSA-NCAM+/CCK+cells were highly innervated by serotonergic boutons than those of PSA-NCAM−/CCK+cells. The expression ratios of 5-HT3Areceptors and p11, a serotonin receptor-interacting protein, were higher in PSA-NCAM+/CCK+cells than in PSA-NCAM−/CCK+cells. Pharmacological digestion of PSA-NCAM impaired the efficacy of antidepressant fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, but not the efficacy of benzodiazepine anxiolytic diazepam. A Western blot showed that restraint stress decreased the expressions of p11 and mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and FLX increased them. Interestingly, the FLX-induced elevation of expression of p11, but not mature BDNF, was impaired by the digestion of PSA-NCAM. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that restraint stress reduced the expression of polysialyltransferase ST8Sia IV and FLX elevated it. Collectively, PSA-NCAM colocalized with VGluT3+/CCK+cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus may play a unique role in the regulation of antidepressant efficacy via the serotonergic pathway.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPolysialic acid (PSA) is composed of eight or more α2,8-linked sialic acids. Here, we examined the functional significance of polysialic acid linked to the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in the adult mouse hippocampus. Few vesicular glutamate transporter 3-negative/cholecystokinin-positive (VGluT3−/CCK+) cells were colocalized with PSA-NCAM, but most of the VGluT3+/CCK+cells were colocalized with PSA-NCAM. The expression ratios of 5-HT3Areceptors and p11, a serotonin receptor-interacting protein, were higher in PSA-NCAM+/CCK+cells than in PSA-NCAM−/CCK+cells. The efficacy of antidepressants, but not anxiolytics, was impaired by the digestion of PSA-NCAM. The antidepressant-induced increase in p11 expression was inhibited following PSA-NCAM digestion. We hence hypothesize that PSA-NCAM colocalized with VGluT3+/CCK+cells may play a unique role in regulating antidepressant efficacy.
The Development of Lectora Inspire-Based Interactive Learning on General Administration Subject
Authors: Akbarini Nur Rahmi , Murtini Wiedy , Rahmanto Andre N
Published: December 2019

This study was a research and development type. The media developed was a lectora inspire-based interactive learning media in general administration subject. The procedure of research and development employed nine out of ten steps of Borg & Gallâ€™s research and development (1989). Data analysis was carried out using descriptive qualitative and quantitative analyses with t-test. Considering the result of analysis on the effectiveness of lectora inspire-based interactive learning media with t-test formula, it could be found that t-statistic value obtained in posttest of experiment and control class was 5.747, with ttable of 2.000172; thus tstatitic > ttable meaning that the improvement of learning outcome in experiment class was better than that in control class. The learning outcome of experiment class showed the mean post-test of 84.53, while that of control class showed the mean posttest of 71.73. The conclusion of research was that Lectora Inspire-based interactive learning media was feasible and was used effectively to improve the studentsâ€™ learning outcome. It was based on the result of t-test suggesting the significance value (0.000<0.05), indicating that there is a difference of learning outcome between experiment class and control class
The Roles of Entrepreneurship Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, Family, Education, and Gender on Entrepreneurial Intention
Authors: Hutasuhut Saidun
Published: December 2019

This research aims to analyze whether knowledge of entrepreneurship, self-efficacy, family factors and educational background affect intention of studentâ€™s entrepreneurship and roles of gender moderator on the influence of entrepreneurial knowledge on studentâ€™s entrepreneurial intention. This research was conducted on students of Economics Faculty, Universitas Negeri Medan with a population of 2732 students in the odd semester of 2017. 349 students were analysed as sample and used simple random sampling technique, but the eligible sample were 319 students. It was measured by using Slovin Formula. 6 study programs of Economics Faculty i.e. Accounting, Management, Education Administration Office, Accounting Education, Economic Education, and Education of Commerce used as sample. Data collection of entrepreneurial knowledge, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention were collected by using instruments; while data of family background, educational background, and gender were obtained from the identity of the respondents. Data analysis techniques used multiple regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The research finding is entrepreneurial knowledge, self-efficacy, and family factor have a significant impact on studentâ€™s entrepreneur intention respectively. The educational background variable does not affect the entrepreneurial intention. While gender is not as a moderating variable on the influence of entrepreneurial knowledge on entrepreneurial intention.
Study Motivation, Academic Performance and Career Commitment in Accounting Profession
Authors: Handoyo Sofik
Published: December 2019

The aim of the research is to examine the relationship between students' motivation, academic performance and career commitment to accounting profession among undergraduate accounting students. The sample of the study involved 101 undergraduate accounting students of Universitas Padjadjaran. Purposive sampling technique was used in this study. There are three independent variables investigated in this study, namely study motivation, academic performance and commitment carrier in the accounting profession. Intrinsic interest, extrinsic interest, normative belief and conflict anticipation was treated as sub-variable of the study motivation. Descriptive analysis along with bivariate correlation analysis was applied in this study. The results indicated that majority of accounting undergraduate student choosing accounting study program due to intrinsic interest motivation and extrinsic interest motivation and there is no indication motivation influenced by normative believe motivation and conflict anticipation motivation. Intrinsic interest has a positive and significant correlation with academic performance (r=2.17, p<0.01) and academic performance has a positive correlation (r = 0.124) with commitment carrier in the accounting profession.
The Effectiveness of Rapid Typing Software and Module for Improving 10-Finger Typing Skills
Authors: Ikhsananto Aan , Sutirman Sutirman
Published: December 2019

This research aims to know the effectiveness of rapid typing software and module in improving students typing skills. The program of Automatic Expertise and Office Governance requires students to be able to master typing skills. The population of the study was 62 students of class X OTKP 1 and OTKP 2 in SMK N 7 Yogyakarta. Samples were 30 students of class X OTKP 2 and the class selection used simple random sampling technique. The data collection methods were text typing skills documentations and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) test method was used for the data analysis. The simultaneous test results show the significance of 0.000 < 0.05, it means all variables have a significant influence on typing skills. While the test results partially indicate that the rapid typing software and module only have a significant influence on the sub competence of typing speed, but no impact on the accuracy of typing. Based on these findings it can be concluded that rapid typing software and modules have a significant and effective influence in improving typing skills. Rapid typing software cannot only be used in schools but can also be applied in offices, government agencies and private sectors.
A Model of Entrepreneurial Intention Through Behavioral Approaches
Authors: Kurjono Kurjono , Mulyani Heni , Murtadlo Yusuf
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of entrepreneurial attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behaviour control on entrepreneurial intentions both directly and indirectly and to know the differences in entrepreneurial intentions in terms of gender, regional origin, and scientific fields. The research method used was explanatory survey method. The population was 19,919 students with a sample size of 377 respondents. The research sample taken from the UPI student population consisted of 13 sections, faculties and regional campuses. Data collection used a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data processing techniques used descriptive analysis and path analysis. The results showed that entrepreneurial attitudes and control behaviour had a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Perceived behaviour control had the greatest influence on entrepreneurial intentions. There was no difference in intention of entrepreneurship from the aspect of gender, as well as students who come from villages and cities, however there were differences in entrepreneurial intentions from the scientific aspects between science and humanities majors. Suggestions from the results of this study were lecturers and educators should maintain an entrepreneurial attitude by increasing indicators of interest in business opportunities.
A Measure of Entrepreneurial Behavior of University Students: A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach
Authors: Setiaji Khasan
Published: December 2019

Higher education institutions should be able to change the mindset of students who are not only as job seekers, but also job creators especially when educated unemployment in Indonesia increases every year. Entrepreneurship is one solution in tackling unemployment and poverty which will encourage national economic growth. This study examines the effect of self-efficacy and contextual environment on entrepreneurial behavior with entrepreneurial intention as an intervening variable using Theory of Planned Behavior. The subjects of this study were Semarang State University students who owned a business and joined the UNNES Student Entrepreneurship Center (UNSEC) and Himpunan Pengusaha Muda Indonesia Perguruan Tinggi (HIPMI PT) Semarang State University totaling 310 students. The results showed a direct relationship between self-efficacy and contextual environment towards entrepreneurial behavior and indirect relationships through entrepreneurial intentions. It was proved by the moderating role of entrepreneurial intention in facilitating the relationship of self-efficacy and contextual environment to student entrepreneurial behavior in accordance with the Theory of Planned Behavior. Future studies can use elements of social and demographic psychology that are more complete and involve a wider population.
Competency Mastery of Information Literacy and Collaboration on Prospective Teacher Students
Authors: Syah Muhammad Fahmi Johan , Harsono Harsono , Prayitno Harun Joko , Fajriyah Desi Susanti
Published: December 2019

This study aims to describe and explore the achievement of competencies in information literacy and collaboration skills as part of 21st century competency in accounting education students at the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta (UMS). The respondents of this study were 207 students with a mixed method approach through convergent parallel design. The results of the study showed that most students had information literacy skills but were still relatively low. This can be seen from students who had mostly used the internet, but did not use trusted sources. This condition is exacerbated by students not filtering and validating the information so that the information submitted tends to be biased, only a few used credible journals as a reference while the rest used sources whose information credibility was still doubtful. In collaboration skills, the achievement of this competency varies between students who are active in campus organizations, non-campus organizations, and do not follow any organization. Those who were active in the organization seem to be better at mastering this competency. This can be seen in the aspect of contributions in groups and accepting responsibility. Courage to accept new responsibilities was not fully owned, some were still hesitant to accept the responsibility given to him for various reasons, especially those classified as inactive organizations. In this aspect, it appears that students who were active in non-campus organizations considered a mandatory task to be disliked. Whereas in the aspect of collective responsibility, students both active and non-active in organizations had the same competencies where they wanted and were able to work together in teams.
Monozygotic twins discordant for congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to mosaicism
Authors: Kluge Michelle L , Graber Evan , Foley Kathryn , Hansen Lynnette V , Sellers Heidi L , Milosevic Dragana , Cradic Kendall W , Grebe Stefan K
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Genotype-phenotype discordance occurs occasionally in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Its causes are largely unknown. We describe a case of monochorionic, diamniotic twins with discordant clinical presentations of CAH, and show evidence for this being due to mosaicism resulting from a postzygotic full gene deletion of CYP21A2 prior to twinning.

Case description

A 7-day-old 36-week gestation female infant (Twin A) presented to the emergency department with elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP). Her identical twin (Twin B) had normal 17-OHP on newborn screening. Both twins showed signs of virilization, more pronounced in Twin B. Molecular genetic testing of both twins and their parents showed a WT paternally-inherited CYP21A2 and a maternally-inherited copy containing the c.293-13C>G mutation. Both twins were also found to have a 5′-CYP21A1P/CYP21A2-3′ hybrid (product of the common 30-kb deletion), derived from the deletion of the paternally-inherited CYP21A2. Neither mother nor father carried the deletion.

Conclusions

The genetic findings are consistent with mosaicism for two CYP21A2 cell lines in both twins. The first cell line is expected, based on parental results, while the second line is due to a postzygotic full gene deletion of the paternally-inherited WT CYP21A2. The resultant genotype, compound heterozygosity for c.293-13C>G and a CYP21A2 full gene deletion, is consistent with a salt-wasting CAH phenotype. Differential distribution of the second cell line between the twins is most likely the cause for their discrepant phenotypes. We believe this is the first report of somatic CYP21A2 mosaicism, and represents a novel cause for discrepant CAH phenotypes in monozygotic twins.
КОМУНІКАТИВНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО НАВЧАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ ЯК ІНОЗЕМНОЇ
Authors: Tsaryk Olga
Published: December 2019

У статті вивчено підходи, методи, прийоми, форми навчання української мови як іноземної, використання яких допомагає викладачам-мовникам підвищувати рівень мотивації в іноземних студентів у процесі вивчення мови.

Актуальність обраної теми спричинена недостатньою кількістю проведених досліджень з методики викладання української мови як іноземної, потребою систематизувати наукові й методичні розробки, необхідністю впровадження нових підходів до вивчення української мови як іноземної.

Метою статті є вивчення основних підходів, методів та принципів викладання української мови як іноземної, зокрема комунікативного підходу, дослідження впливу методів навчання на мотивацію студентів у процесі вивчення української мови як іноземної.

У процесі дослідження застосовано методи спостереження, анкетування, аналіз результатів опитування, оцінювання рівня володіння українською мовою як іноземною. Дослідження виконане на базі Тернопільського національного економічного університету, де проведено опитування слухачів підготовчого відділення для іноземних громадян, студентів-іноземців 1-4 курсів нефілологічних спеціальностей.

Результати дослідження підтвердили, що основою мотивації для студентів, які вивчають українську мову як іноземну, є бажання вільно спілкуватися з носіями мови. Серед видів мовленнєвої діяльності, які студенти хотіли б покращити, найбільший відсоток займає мовлення. З’ясовано, що найскладнішим завданням для студентів є конструювання речень, репродукування мовлення. У статті обґрунтовано основні принципи процесу навчання, досліджено вплив методів навчання на мотивацію студентів до вивчення української мови як іноземної, що підтверджує ефективність використання комунікативного підходу в процесі навчання української мови як іноземної.