bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Ribbed Strip Footing Under Vertical and Inclined Loads
Authors: Abass Jawdat K.
Published: July 2022

This paper investigates the ultimate bearing capacity of a strip footing stiffened with ribs connected to its lower surface.The effect of number and depth of ribs on the bearing capacity are investigated numerically using the finite element method. Different footings resting on a clayey soil are analyzed under vertical and inclined loadings. A new efficiency factors (ER) is proposed to be added to the general bearing capacity equation in order to take the effect of ribs into consideration. The results indicate that, tire ultimate bearing capacity of a strip footing is improved via the addition of ribs.
Discharge Coefficient for Cylindrical Weirs
Authors: Hussain Rukaia A. , Mohammed Sahar A.
Published: July 2022

The hydraulic characteristics of cylindrical weirs under free flow conditions were studied experimentally in order to investigate the discharge coefficient (Cd) and the influence of some significant factors and performance of weirs for discharge measuring. The experimental tests were carried out on three models of weirs in which the diameter of weir (D) was varied three times as: 8.0, 10.0 and 12.0 cm. For each model, a series of measurements were taken to measure coefficients of discharge. Results showed that the coefficient of discharge (Cd) increase with increasing the ratio of head to weir diameter (h/D),and for the same ratio (h/D), the discharge coefficient (Cd) increases with increasing weir diameter.
Study of Bending Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Sections Under Cyclic Loads
Authors: Al-sulayfani Bayar Jaafer , Abdullah Muna Mubarak
Published: July 2022

This paper is concerned with the bending behavior of reinforced concrete sections subjected to cyclic loads, such as wind loads or earthquake loads. Previous studies have indicated that the cyclic loading of such kind can cause failure in the joints of a structure which subsequently put the structure into the state of instability or collapse. The paper also pays attention to the behavior of reinforced concrete beams and frames. Modeling of the cyclic relationship between moment and curvature is presented for the reinforced concrete sections under effect of axial load and moment on the assumption of full bond between steel and concrete. The shear deformation however is sidestepped. The stiffness method with the effective secant stiffness is used in the analysis of the structures for calculating displacement in each section and then getting the load-displacement curves, moreover, the recurrence method is used in the analysis of simple members in structures like reinforced concrete beams subjected to cyclic loads. The current study presents a numerical model which is capable of predicting the behavior of a reinforced concrete beam, frame and joint subjected to cyclic loading. The effect of axial force on the structure is also considered. The study concludes that the effect of axial force in the structural members is to decrease the energy absorption by these members and increases their failure loads. It also shows that the model used in the analysis of reinforced concrete sections has a good accuracy, it has ability to decrease the time of computer running compared with other methods, this makes it possible to depend on the analysis .The stiffness and recurrence method show good activity in the analysis from the obtained results.
An Experimental Study Of Combined Effect For Unsteady Natural Convection And Radiation Heat Transfer Through A Cavity Between Inclined Eccentric Cylinders
Authors: Ahmmed Ahmmed H.
Published: July 2022

An experimental investigation was carried out for combined effect for unsteady natural convection and radiation heat transfer between inclined eccentric cylinders under constant surfaces temperature condition. The study included the effect of transient Raleigh number, which includes the effect time required to reach the steady state, the angular position of the inner cylinder and the eccentricity ratio for the inner cylinder on the convection and radiation heat transfer for unsteady state through enclosure between inclined cylinders. The study showed that the ability of the inner cylinder on transient convection heat transfer decreased as the transient Raleigh number increased which is increase as time required to reach the steady state increase, perhaps this ability increase as the angular position for the inner cylinder increase and decrease as eccentricityratio increase except at the ratio (ε=0.351) in the angular position (δ=180o) where this ability will be higher than concentric state (ε=0). While the radiation heat transfer depended only on thetemperature, difference, which is a function of time, required to reach the study state.
A Statistical Analysis of Traffic Flow Characteristics of Multilane Highways in Baghdad City, Part B: Traffic Noise Levels
Authors: Taha Mohammed Y. , Abood Abd Al-Kareem N.
Published: July 2022

Road traffic noise is a function of basic traffic element (flow, speed, density) and percentage of heavy vehicles. The recognition of traffic noise as a one of the main sources of environmental pollution has led to the development of statistical models that enable the prediction of traffic noise level from fundamental variables of basic traffic element. The main objective of this research is finding out the effects of these elements on traffic noise levels for multilane highways in Baghdad city. Data has been collected throughout an extensive field survey on twenty selected sections in the study area. Noise levels were measured by using sound level meter in five stations in each selected road and the noise level reading was taken at each ten seconds, the reading of sound level meter was recorded directly, then the noise levels were determined ( L10, L50, L90, Leq). Statistical technique is applied to analyze the collected data by the aids of computer program packages in order to present the best model to describe the influence of flow, speed , density and percentage of trucks on traffic noise levels. The results of this study indicate that the second and third order equations are the best models that represent the effect of each traffic element on each traffic noise level in general, and especially on L16 noise level.
Optimum Design of Tunnels
Authors: Mohammed Hassan J. , Khazzl Ammar S.
Published: July 2022

This study is an application of optimization method to the structural design of tunnels, considering the total cost of the tunnels as an objective function with the properties of the tunnel and soil unit weight, height of soil above tunnel, height of water above tunnel and tunnel radius, as design variables. A computer program has been developed to solve numerical examples using the ACI code equations , requirements and criteria in concrete design. The results shown that the minimum total cost of the tunnel increases with the increase of the soil unit weight and tunnel radius, and decreases with the increase of the height of water above tunnel.
Morphological Variations of A Certain Tigris River Reach For Different Periods in Iraq
Authors: Al-Taiee Thair , Al-Hamdani Adil
Published: July 2022

A morphological variations occurs in the paths of rivers due to many reasons such as the hydraulic changes in the natural flow regime of rivers in-addition to the human activities on rivers such as dams constructions on rivers. Many morphological variations created on Tigris river reach within Mosul city, north Iraq for different periods between 1956 to 2002 had been studied such as the changes on the river width specially near the bridges sites and also the development of the dimensions of the islands and bars within the river reach. The available topographic maps and also an aerial photographs were depended during the data analysis with some field reconnaissance . The research work concluded that one of the main reasons for the development of the islands is the flow regime variation of Tigris river as a result of the Mosul dam operation which in-turn leaded to a reduction in the transported sediment load in the reach due to the released high stream power clear water discharges of sediment from Mosul dam. The second reason was the reduction in the water level which in-turn change the middle and side islands in the river with the growing vegetation cover such as trees and weeds specially in the sites downstream the meander of Al-Rashidia Village and downstream Al-Shuhadaa bridge and upstream Ninevah bridge and finally upstream the fourth bridge in Mosul city.
Decoupler Design for an Interacting Tanks System
Authors: Ahmed Duraid F.
Published: July 2022

The mathematical model for the two interacting tanks system was derived and the dynamic behavior of this system was studied by introducing a step change in inlet flow rate. In this paper, the analysis of the interaction loops between the controlled variable (liquid level) and manipulated variable (inlet flow rate) was carried out using the relative gain array. Also decoupling technique is applied to eliminate the effect this interaction by design suitable decouplers for the system. The results show that the gain of each loop is cut in half when the opposite loop is closed and the gain of other loop changes sign when the opposite loop is closed. The decoupling method show that the liquid level of tank one is constant when the second inlet flow changes and to keep the liquid level of tank two constant the first inlet flow must be changed.
An Experimental Study on a Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle by Adding Internal Heat Exchanger
Authors: Eleiwi Muhammad A.
Published: July 2022

This paper presents practical study to improve the indication COP of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle in instrumented automobile air conditioner by designing internal heat exchanger and installing it in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. Two cases of vapor compression refrigeration cycle were taken in this paper: the first case is that the vapor compression refrigeration cycle without internal heat exchanger and in the second case the vapor compression refrigeration cycle with heat exchanger ; in these two cases, the temperature at each point of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle, the low and the high pressure ,the indoor temperature and the outdoor temperature were measured at each time at compressor speed 1450 rpm and 2900 rpm for each blower speed 1, blower speed 2 and blower speed 3. The refrigerant fluid was used in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle without IHE and with IHE is R134a.
An Experimental Study to Show The Effect of Difference In Capillary Tube Length on Compression Refrigeration System Performance By Using The Refrigerant (R134a)
Authors: Salim Thamir K. , Farhan Saad S. , Khalaf Samer M.
Published: July 2022

An experimental compression refrigeration system performance study was presented in this research depending on the change of the capillary tube length and by using (R134a). The tests were done for three capillary tube lengths (80,100,120cm) and changing mass flow rate for each length. Their values were (2 6g/s) with capillary tube diameter (2mm). The results showed that the (COP) decreases by (38.14%) as the mass flow rate increases from (2 6g/s), and by (6.65%) as the capillary tube length increases from (80- 120 cm). At (L=80Cm) the (COP) value will be greater than it’s value at (L=120Cm) for lowest mass flow rate, while it’s values converge for all lengths at high mass flow rate .Also it was declared that (COP) will decrease as the condenser temperature increases for all lengths. The study showed that the compressor compression power increases as the condenser temperature increases by (68.36%), and increases as the capillary tube length increases by (9.54%) with convergence value at (100 cm) and (120 cm) . This study showed also that sub-cooling temperature stays constant at low flow rates, and decreases at higher flow rates by (34.35%). Through this study was found best length used in refrigeration cycle at lowest mass flow rate (2.78 g/s) is (80Cm) which will give highest performance and lowest compression power, and at high mass flow rate (5.83 g/s) found the length (100Cm) will give highest performance and lowest compression power.
On the issue of improving the legislation regulating the bankruptcy procedure of legal entities
Authors: Sabanina Natal'ya Olegovna , Ermakov Dmitrii Sergeevich , Popov Sergei Anatol'evich
Published: July 2022

In the conditions of the observed economic turbulence caused, among other things, by coronavirus restrictions, there is an increase in cases of insolvency of economic entities. In addition, the legal landscape of bankruptcy of legal entities has undergone major changes. Confirmation of this provision is the fact that it is currently planned to introduce significant changes to federal legislation, the understanding of which actualizes the presented research topic. The object of the study is regulated by the norms of civil, arbitration procedural law, bankruptcy legislation, public relations that develop within the framework of the bankruptcy procedure of legal entities. The subject of the study is the theoretical and practical problems of the institute of insolvency (bankruptcy) of legal entities. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the problems faced by legal entities during the pandemic and their impact on the specifics of the bankruptcy procedure; doctrinal and legislative aspects of the etymological features of the categories "insolvency" and "bankruptcy", "signs of bankruptcy" and "criteria of bankruptcy"; issues related to the implementation of interim measures of the parties during the bankruptcy procedure, etc. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the changes that the legislator plans to make to the law "On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)". The main conclusions of the study can be called the need for further elaboration by the lawmaker of the planned changes in bankruptcy legislation. The novelty of the results obtained is determined by the analysis of legislation and law enforcement practice in relation to the institution of bankruptcy in order to further develop recommendations on the application, interpretation and amendment of the relevant provisions of bankruptcy legislation.
“Myths and Facts” Education Is Comparable to “Facts Only” for Recall of Back Pain Information but May Improve Fear-Avoidance Beliefs: An Embedded Randomized Trial
Authors: Viana da Silva Priscilla , Kamper Steven J. , Robson Emma , Davidson Simon R. E. , Gleadhill Connor , Donald Bruce , Yamato Tiê Parma , Nolan Erin , Lee Hopin , Williams Christopher ,   for the Help Trial Working Group
Published: July 2022

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of patient education with “myths and facts” versus “facts only” on recall of back pain information and fear-avoidance beliefs in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP).

Design

Randomized Study Within A Trial.

Methods

One hundred fifty-two participants with chronic LBP were included. Participants allocated to the “facts only” group received an information sheet with 6 LBP facts, whereas those allocated to the “myths and facts” group received the same information sheet, with each myth refuted by its respective fact. The primary outcome was a correct recall of back pain facts, and the secondary outcome was the physical activity component of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ-PA), 2 weeks after the provision of the information sheet.

Results

There was no evidence of a difference in the proportion of participants with a correct recall between the “myths and facts” and “facts only” groups (odds ratio = 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48, 1.99) and no significant difference in FABQ-PA mean scores between groups (−1.58; 95% CI: −3.77, 0.61). Sensitivity analyses adjusted for prognostic factors showed no difference in information recall but a larger difference in FABQ-PA scores (−2.3; 95% CI: −4.56, −0.04).

Conclusion

We found no overall difference in the recall of back pain information for patients provided with “myths and facts” compared with that for patients provided with “facts only” and a slight reduction in fear-avoidance beliefs for physical activity using “myths and facts” compared with that using “facts only,” but the meaningfulness of this result is uncertain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(9):586–594. Epub: 9 July 2022. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10989
Including Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Factors Improves Injury Risk Assessment in Professional Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Shanley Ellen , Thigpen Charles A. , Collins Gary S. , Arden Nigel K. , Noonan Thomas J. , Wyland Douglas J. , Kissenberth Michael J. , Bullock Garrett S.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To (1) evaluate an injury risk model that included modifiable and nonmodifiable factors into an arm injury risk prediction model in Minor League Baseball (MiLB) pitchers and (2) compare model performance separately for predicting the incidence of elbow and shoulder injuries.

Design

Prospective cohort.

Methods

A 10-year MiLB injury risk study was conducted. Pitchers were evaluated during preseason, and pitches and arm injuries were documented prospectively. Nonmodifiable variables included arm injury history, professional experience, arm dominance, year, and humeral torsion. Modifiable variables included BMI, pitch count, total range of motion, and horizontal adduction. We compared modifiable, nonmodifiable, and combined model performance by R2, calibration (best = 1.00), and discrimination (area under the curve [AUC]; higher number is better). Sensitivity analysis included only arm injuries sustained in the first 90 days.

Results

In this study, 407 MiLB pitchers (141 arm injuries) were included. Arm injury incidence was 0.27 injuries per 1000 pitches. The arm injury model (calibration 1.05 [0.81–1.30]; AUC: 0.74 [0.69–0.80]) had improved performance compared to only using modifiable predictors (calibration: 0.91 [0.68–1.14]; AUC: 0.67 [0.62–0.73]) and only shoulder range of motion (calibration: 0.52 [0.29, 0.75]; AUC: 0.52 [0.46, 58]). Elbow injury model demonstrated improved performance (calibration: 1.03 [0.76–1.33]; AUC: 0.76 [0.69–0.83]) compared to the shoulder injury model (calibration: 0.46 [0.22–0.69]; AUC: 0.62 [95% CI: 0.55, 0.69]). The sensitivity analysis demonstrated improved model performance compared to the arm injury model.

Conclusion

Arm injury risk is influenced by modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. The most accurate way to identify professional pitchers who are at risk for arm injury is to use a model that includes modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(9):630–640. Epub: 9 July 2022. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.11072
A typo-technological analysis of chipped stone assemblage from the Mesolithic site of Altappeh, Mazandaran, Iran (the archive of the National Museum of Iran)
Authors: Jayez M.
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a typo-technological analysis of the lithic assemblage from the excavation of Mesolithic site of Altappeh (southeast of the Caspian Sea). The site was excavated by C. McBurney and the archaeological materials from the excavation were divided between the University of Cambridge and the National Museum of Iran. This research is based on the chipped stones stored in the National Museum of Iran. The assemblage, consisting mostly of flake tools including various scrapers and notchdenticulate tools, presents characteristics which reflect “Caspian Mesolithic” chipped stone industry, previously detected from cave sites of Kamarband, Hotu and Komishan in the same region. The Mesolithic chipped stone industry of the south and southeast of the Caspian Sea had been introduced as “Trialetian” during 1990s, but the recent research emphasizes the differences between chipped stone assemblages entitled “Trialetian” with “Caspian Mesolithic”. These differences are mostly reflected in raw material procurement strategies and tool types which are not similar in the assemblages from southeast and west of the Caspian Sea.
Techno-typological characteristic of Dam-Dam-Cheshme-1 lithic assemblages
Authors: Alisher kyzy S. , Shnaider S. V.
Published: July 2022

The article presents the results of the technical-typological analysis of the lithic assemblages of one of the main sites of the Eastern Caspian – Dam-Dam-Cheshme-1. The site was studied by A. P. Okladnikov (1950s) and G. E. Markov (1970s), and the archaeological materials of the excavations were shared between the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Moscow State University. The study is aimed at analyzing the collections obtained during the excavations of A.P. Okladnikov, which are stored at the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The lithic assemblage here is characterized by a small-plate industry, whose production of blade/lets was carried out within the framework of volumetric way. The tool set includes various scrapers, burins, geometric microliths (lunatess and triangles), and notched pieces. The closest analogies are observed with the materials of the grotto of Dam-Dam-Cheshme-2, Kailu, Oiukly and Komishan, located in the south-eastern Caspian Sea.
Small ruptured intracranial aneurysms are overrepresented at the anterior and posterior communicating artery: Results of a multiple regression analysis
Authors: Naamansen Anders Blach , Larsen Carl Christian , Johannsson Bjarni , Munthe Sune , Nielsen Troels Halfeld
Published: July 2022

Background:

Anterior communicating artery (AcomA) represents the most common location for ruptured intracranial aneurysms (rIAs). Approximately 50% of all rIAs are smaller than 7 mm, but factors that lead to rupture are multifactorial. The study investigates whether AcomA location represents an independent risk factor for small size at time of rupture (<7 mm) in a cohort of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) when controlling for known risk factors.

Methods:

The aSAH cohort was retrospectively searched from our institution charts. The cohort was dichotomized into small aneurysms (<7 mm) or large aneurysms (≥7 mm). Risk factors for rupture were identified according to the unruptured intracranial aneurysm treatment score (UIATS). These were sex, age, location, smoking, hypertension, alcohol abuse, aneurysm morphology, multiplicity, previous SAH, and family history. With size as independent variable, a multiple regression analysis was performed including UIATS risk factors.

Results:

One-hundred and seventy-six patients were included in the study. About 49.4% of the aneurysms were <7 mm. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that aneurysms located at AcomA and posterior communicating artery (PcomA) was significantly more frequent smaller than 7 mm, compared to middle cerebral artery (P = 0.006), internal carotid artery (other than PcomA) (P = 0.013), and posterior circulation (P = 0.017), when controlling for risk factors.

Conclusion:

Ruptured AcomA and PcomA aneurysms are more frequent smaller than 7 mm compared to other locations. Patients with unruptured UIA at either AcomA or PcomA may be at increased risk of rupture even if the size of the aneurysm is small. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Stroke secondary to leptomeningeal carcinomatosis with radiologic signs of arterial invasion
Authors: Gutiérrez María López , Carrasco-Moro Rodrigo , Ruz-Caracuel Ignacio , San Millán Juan S. Martínez
Published: July 2022

Background:

Compared to the general population, cancer patients are more likely to suffer from cerebral ischemia, either caused by the tumor itself or by the treatments applied.

Case Description:

We hereby present the clinical case of a patient treated for lung adenocarcinoma, who, years later, developed a case of the right frontal-temporal-insular ischemia secondary to leptomeningeal spread of the primary neoplasm, with an invasion of the walls of the right-middle cerebral artery and its branches.

Conclusion:

This should be considered an extremely rare form of recurrence of a primary solid tumor with clinical and radiological features that can mimic those of vascular inflammatory entities.
Un corps et la collaboration des arts pour interpréter les textes littéraires : la leçon de Quintilien
Authors: Lapaire Jean-Rémi
Published: July 2022

Dans l’Institution Oratoire (env. 93) le rhéteur et pédagogue Quintilien (env. 30-env. 100) préconise la paraphrase, l’oralisation de textes d’auteurs, ainsi que le « concours de plusieurs arts » pour éduquer les jeunes élèves au maniement habile de la langue. Si la rhétorique classique a depuis longtemps déserté les programmes de formation scolaire, le retour de la « rhétoricité » devrait inciter les pédagogues actuels à réexaminer et à adapter certains préceptes anciens à l’enseignement des langues. Notre hypothèse est que l’orchestration d’actes vivants d’interprétation de textes écrits, engageant l’entier du corps apprenant, permet de créer de réels événements d’apprentissage. Nous présentons un dispositif de compression et d’interprétation par-corps de textes complexes qui débouche sur une appropriation performative du sens. À cette occasion, les métaphores corporelles du « geste », de la « posture » ou de la « démarche » pédagogiques se voient réinvesties de la part physique qui leur revient.
Comment enseigner une langue qui vient d’apparaître : le cas de l’espéranto
Authors: Moret Sébastien
Published: July 2022

L’espéranto a été imaginé par son créateur L.L. Zamenhof en 1887 comme une langue auxiliaire visant à faciliter la communication internationale. Avec un tel objectif, l’enseignement et l’assimilation de la langue constituaient un problème crucial. Mais, quand l’espéranto paraît en 1887, il n’y a qu’un seul petit manuel (bientôt un second paraîtra) et personne ne le parle encore. Comment donc enseigner et apprendre une langue qui vi uteurs ? C’est le sujet de la présente contribution.
Coastal Morphodynamics: Trends in the Last Four Decades (1976-2017)
Authors: Morales Méndez Daniel , Saavedra Gallardo Emilio , Mancera Flores Andrea , Hernández Santana José Ramón , Méndez Linares Ana Patricia
Published: July 2022

The present work offers an analysis of the Veracruz coastal morphodynamics in the last forty-two years (1976-2017) at a regional level for the entire Veracruz coast, as well as in seven particular sites with the potential to function as enclaves of engineering prototypes for the use of wave energy: Barra de Cazones, Palma Sola, Villa Rica, Punta Roca Partida, Playa Hermosa, Montepío and Balzapote. The morphodynamic evaluation contemplated the interpretation of aero-satellite materials (1973, 1976, 1986, 1995, 2000, 2011, 2017), processed in ArcGis 10.2, the same software where its Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) and the End Point Rate (EPR); in addition to the elaboration and interpretation of beach profiles and the determination of the morphodynamic state. In the regional context, progradation is observed extended in most of the north coast, associated with polygenetic conditions, with isolated sectors of retreat in rocky blocks, both sedimentary of the North Gulf Coastal Plain (Cazones) or volcanic structures of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (Palma Sola and Villa Rica). On the other hand, on the south coast, the cumulative elements of the South Gulf Coastal Plain are interrupted by volcanic cliffs of the Sierra de los Tuxtlas (where the 4 sites corresponding to this region are located), even so, there is an important component cumulative as interdigitized bays between the abrasive promontories. Regarding the particular sites, Cazones presents a regressive average rate of change of -0.31 m/year, Palma sola and Villa Rica of +0.58 and +0.47 m/year, respectively. Of the four sites located in the Tuxtlas area, the average rates of change in three (Punta Roca Partida, Playa Hermosa and Montepío) are less than ±0.20 m/year, which shows certain stability in the erosive and cumulative processes. while in Balzapote the value of +0.85 m/year stands out, where the placement of coastal protection infrastructure favored the accumulation of sediments and therefore coastal progradation. Among the successes are the automated calculation, the uncertainty from the inputs, the multi-scalar approach and the graphic management that can be given to the data, in addition to providing arguments for planning strategies and integrated management of the coastal territory. Even so, due to the dependence on the quality of the inputs, the distance between transects, variance of the results and cartographic generalization, the evaluation at the regional scale has an indicative and synthetic character, unlike the analytical interpretation of the local scale. Keywords: coastal morphodynamics, progradation and regression, net shoreline movement, end point rate, Veracruz.
Spatial Approaches to Multi-Temporal Analysis Land Cover and Land Use (2000-2017)
Authors: Martínez Serrano Ayesa
Published: July 2022

Abstract The multi-temporal analysis and the changes in the natural spaces to which the territories are subjected are increasingly significant and demonstrate the interactions between societies and the terrestrial and marine ecosystems that support them. Following this line of thought, the dynamism of landscapes exacerbates the need for updated qualitative and georeferenced information on these spaces. The classification of terrestrial spaces, according to their capacity for use, is a constant ordering of a practical and interpretive nature, based on the natural aptitude that the land presents under different specific uses. On the other hand, the concept of land cover implies an assessment of the amount of land surface, unlike cover, which is only a qualitative concept. To evaluate the change in land cover and land use, the use of tools such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) (Trucíos et al., 2010 and 2011) is recommended, to know the location and quantification of areas that define the trends of possible processes of deforestation, degradation (Palacio et al., 2004; Berlanga et al., 2009). The remote sensing of the territory constitutes one of the most important tools of recent times, available for the study of natural resources. Not only is it very useful in the research process, in general, but it is especially valuable for detecting phenomena and producing maps on various topics when, as is often the case, there are no detailed descriptions of their effects and evolution; its use provides the basis for implementing measures aimed at reducing the social and economic impacts of potential disasters. The spatial or satellite image is a useful source of information, both as an additional procedure to improve existing information, and to solve problems of incompatibility of geographic spatial units, which are generated in different projects or reports. In this work, a multiscale approach is presented in two sectors of the coast of the state of Veracruz, through the description of changes in land cover and use. The systematic changes, exchanges and transitions that affect the loss of plant cover are calculated, using the cross-tabulation matrix, where the dynamics between categories are appreciated, with the use of the Geographic Information System as an analysis tool. The results show all the scenarios based on the processes of changes that occurred through the analysis of the cross table of the coverages, which allowed knowing and explaining in a holistic way the changes in the terrestrial cover, trying to approach the geographical reality of this type of processes, where the interrelation of physical and human factors is presented jointly. Keywords: multi-temporal, land cover, land use, spatial análisis, Veracruz.
Ciberbullying en estudiantes del nivel secundario de la sierra central de Perú
Authors: Orosco Fabian Jhon Richard , Pomasunco Huaytalla Rocío , Rosales Puchoc Aracely Milagros , Alania Atoc Noemi Rosario
Published: July 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la frecuencia de ciberbullying y las conductas de hostigamiento, denigración, suplantación de identidad, violación de la intimidad y exclusión en estudiantes del nivel secundario de la sierra central del Perú, según sexo. La investigación se enmarca en el enfoque cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo y con diseño no experimental de tipo transversal. En el estudio participaron 886 estudiantes del nivel secundario de instituciones educativas públicas. Se levantó información a través de un instrumento denominado cuestionario de ciberbullying elaborado ad hoc, la cual cuenta con validez y confiabilidad. Los resultados del estudio muestran que el 16,3% de estudiantes han sido víctimas de ciberbullying; en cuanto a las conductas de ciberbullying se evidencia la siguiente frecuencia: exclusión 30,4%, hostigamiento 19,1%, suplantación de identidad 16,1%, denigración 6,5% y violación de la intimidad 3,0%. Se concluye que existe una frecuencia moderada de ciberbullying por lo que se requiere implementar estrategias para controlar y reducir este tipo de riesgo con la intervención de docentes y padres de familia, además de promover una adecuada convivencia digital
Estudio comparativo de diseños de carreras de Educación. Utilidad para la evaluación curricular
Authors: Villao Reyes Mónica Fabiola , Guzmán Huayamave Kennya Verónica , León García Margarita
Published: July 2022

El artículo parte del supuesto teórico, acerca de la utilidad que tiene para la evaluación curricular en las carreras de educación, en el estudio comparativo de diseños de carreras. En este caso, el estudio se centró en las carreras de Psicopedagogía y Educación Inicial de diferentes universidades a nivel nacional e internacional. Para el efecto, se estructuró una estrategia de búsqueda de información en documentos curriculares sobre criterios como: semestre en que se inicia la formación pedagógica específica de la carrera, semestre que inicia la práctica profesional, organización de los contenidos, forma en que se concibe la investigación formativa, entre otros. Se utilizó la técnica de revisión documental y como métodos del nivel teórico, el análisis, la síntesis, la comparación y generalización, que permitieron realizar el estudio comparativo y llegar a conclusiones. El enfoque fue cualitativo y documental. Se empleó la revisión virtual de las mallas curriculares y planes de estudio publicados por las universidades. Los resultados revelaron la necesidad del estudio comparativo con otras mallas como preámbulo a la evaluación curricular y la necesidad de continuar con los procesos de indagación para asegurar la calidad de estos procesos.
Metodología para priorización de puestos en concursos de merecimientos y oposición en instituciones de educación superior
Authors: Goyes Noboa Jorge Estuardo , Gavilánez Cárdenas Clarita Vanessa , Alvarado Pacheco Eddy Stalin , Pinto Ocanto Mariangela Andreina
Published: July 2022

Las metodologías son instrumentos que permiten establecer un proceso con orden lógico y criterios técnicos para su implementación; el momento actual hace necesario el uso de políticas, instrumentos y demás herramientas que permitan optimizar el uso de los recursos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer criterios de priorización con base a las necesidades de la institución para la organización de los concursos de merecimientos y oposición en instituciones de educación superior con el propósito de implementar políticas de optimización del uso de los recursos disponibles precautelando la calidad académica, la docencia y el interés superior de los estudiantes y la institución. Para la construcción de la metodología se utilizó la revisión bibliográfica y la recopilación de datos cuantitativos de fuentes primarias. Como resultado se obtuvo una propuesta de porcentajes de plazas para distribuir según la unidad de análisis que se seleccione en la cantidad de llamado a concursos de merecimientos que se planifiquen, los cuales reflejan una de las formas de abordar las necesidades actuales de la institución.
Facilitadores y obstáculos para el cambio metodológico en secundaria: uso de metodologías activas en el aula
Authors: Sanahuja Ribés Aida , Traver Albalat Santiago
Published: July 2022

Aunque la literatura pedagógica demuestra los beneficios del uso de metodologías activas en el aula, el cambio metodológico en educación secundaria constituye un verdadero reto para el profesorado. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo conocer la frecuencia de uso de metodologías activas en el aula de secundaria e indagar sobre los elementos que facilitan y dificultan el cambio metodológico, según el profesorado, en esta etapa educativa. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo. Los datos se recogieron mediante una encuesta y fueron analizados, a través del software ATLAS.ti, a partir de una lógica inductiva, realizando un análisis categorial temático hasta conseguir acuerdo intersubjetivo sobre cada categoría. En este estudio participaron 149 docentes españoles de educación secundaria, el 78,5% mujeres y el 21,5% hombres. Los resultados muestran la frecuencia de uso de metodologías activas por parte de los docentes de educación secundaria y profundizan en diversos elementos que facilitan y dificultan el cambio metodológico, sin duda, aspectos clave para avanzar en el comportamiento innovador del profesorado y vencer las resistencias al cambio metodológico en esta etapa educativa.
Photocatalytic activity and electron storage capability of TiO2 aerogels with adjustable surface area
Authors: Rose Alexandra , Hofmann Anja , Voepel Pascal , Milow Barbara , Marschall Roland
Published: July 2022

Mesoporous TiO2 aerogels with surface area larger than 600 m2 g-1 have been prepared via acid-catalyzed sol-gel synthesis and supercritical drying. Varying temperature treatment in air results in changes in the morphology of the aerogels and their specific surface area. Interestingly, the ability to store photogenerated electrons in the surface states of the aerogels upon illumination of dispersions in water-methanol mixtures increases with lower calcination temperature. Additionally, the extent of electron storage capability also depends on hole scavenger concentration. Increasing the calcination temperature to 500 °C results in decreased surface area and electron storage capability, however in increased hydrogen evolution rates. Finally, nitrogen reduction to ammonia in the dark is performed with photogenerated stored electrons in TiO2 aerogels, separating the charge carrier photogeneration from the dark reduction reaction.
Pillar[6]MaxQ: A Potent Supramolecular Host for In Vivo Sequestration of Methamphetamine and Fentanyl
Authors: Brockett Adam , Xue Weijian , Deng Chun-Lin , Zhai Canjia , Shuster Michael , King David , Rastogi Shivangi , Briken Volker , Roesch Matthew , Isaacs Lyle
Published: July 2022

Pillar[6]MaxQ (P6AS) functions as an in vivo sequestration agent for methamphetamine and fentanyl. We use 1H NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry to glean information on the geometry and strength of the P6AS•drug complexes. P6AS forms tight complexes with fentanyl (Kd = 9.8 nM), PCP (17.1 nM), MDMA (25.5 nM), mephedrone (52.4 nM), and methamphetamine (101 nM). P6AS has good in vitro biocompatibility according to MTS metabolic, Adenylate Kinase cell death, and hERG ion channel inhibition assays, and the Ames fluctuation test. The no observed adverse effect level derived from a maximum tolerated dose study for P6AS was 45 mg kg-1. The hyperlocomotion of mice treated with methamphetamine (0.5 mg kg-1) can be ameliorated by subsequent treatment with P6AS (35.7 mg kg-1) 5-minutes later, whereas the hyperlocomotion of mice treated with fentanyl (0.1 mg kg-1) can be controlled by treatment with P6AS (5 mg kg-1) up to 15-minutes later. P6AS has significant potential for development as a broad spectrum in vivo sequestration agent.
Computer Vision for Kinetic Analysis of Lab- and Process-scale Mixing Phenomena
Authors: Barrington Henry , Dickinson Alan , McGuire Jake , Yan Chunhui , Reid Marc
Published: July 2022

A software platform for the computer vision-enabled analysis of mixing phenomena of relevance to process scale-up is described. By bringing new and known time-resolved mixing metrics under one platform, hitherto unavailable comparisons of pixel-derived mixing metrics are exemplified across non-chemical and chemical processes. The analytical methods described are applicable using any camera and across an appreciable range of reactor scales, from development through to process scale-up. A case study in nucleophilic aromatic substitution run on 5L-scale shows how camera and offline concentration measurements can be correlated. In some cases, it can be shown that camera data holds the power to predict reaction progress.
Bioderived Ionic Liquids with Alkaline Metal Ions for Biodegradable Electrochemical Devices
Authors: Yamada Shunsuke
Published: July 2022

An ionic liquid, choline lactate, composed of bioderived materials offers an opportunity to develop electrochemical devices which degrade after use. Although ionic liquids show large potential window, high ionic conductivity, and non-volatility, the ionic liquids do not show electrochemical characteristics – intercalation pseudo-capacitance, redox pseudo-capacitance, electrochromism, for example. We, therefore, develop bioderived ionic liquids including biodegradable metal ions, Li, Na, and Ca, to yield the ionic liquids the electrochemical behaviors. Differential scanning calorimetry reveals that the ionic liquids remain liquid states with a temperature range from 230.42 K to 373.15K. The ionic liquids with metal ions show lower ionic conductivities than that of the pristine ionic liquid whereas influence of the ions on capacitances are negligibly small. A biodegradability test based on a protocol of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 301C modified MITI test (I) confirms that the pristine ionic liquid and an ionic gel composed of the ionic liquid and poly(vinyl alcohol) exhibit ready biodegradability and biodegradability, respectively. The results are of interest as the biodegradable ionic liquids with metal ions for electrochemical devices in research fields including environmentally benign devices, sustainable electronics, and bioresorbable/implantable devices, that conventional ionic liquids are unable to achieve.
Scavengome of an Antioxidant
Authors: Hunyadi Attila , Agbadua Orinamhe Godwin , Takáts Gergely , Balogh György Tibor
Published: July 2022

The term ‘scavengome’ refers to the chemical space of all the metabolites that may be formed from an antioxidant upon scavenging reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). This chemical space is very rich in structures representing an increased chemical complexity as compared to the parent antioxidant: a wide range of unusual heterocyclic structures, new C-C bonds, etc. may be formed. Further, in a biological environment, this increased chemical complexity is directly translated from the localized conditions of oxidative stress that determines the amounts and types of ROS/RNS present. Biomimetic oxidative chemistry provides an excellent tool to model chemical reactions between antioxidants and ROS/RNS. In this chapter, we provide an overview on the known metabolites obtained by biomimetic oxidation of a few selected natural antioxidants, i.e., a stilbene (resveratrol), a pair of hydroxycinnamates (caffeic acid and methyl caffeate), and a flavonol (quercetin), and discuss the drug discovery perspectives of the related chemical space.
Prototyping styles accelerate hardware development
Authors: Looney Erin , Buscariolli Andre , Yang Maria , Raymond Geoffrey , Buonassisi Tonio , Peters I. Marius
Published: July 2022

Hardware-based startups risk having longer times-to-market, deterring investment in critical fields such as cleantech, medical devices, and automation. We interviewed 55 leaders at hardware startups, mapped their development timelines, and found prototyping to be the longest development step (median of 19 weeks per prototype) regardless of prototype complexity or iteration. Qualitative interview analysis reveals the prototyping team’s choice of development style is a major factor affecting timeline. We define two development styles: natural and structured, typified by free-form exploration and rule-based execution, respectively. On average, natural development takes 35% less time than structured, and is thus preferred for early iterations, but adopting structure at strategic points is needed for timely commercialization. Critical points of transition to a structured style include adding new team members or engaging external partners, which demand clear communication and expectations. When pivoting to a new product or market, returning to a natural style is beneficial.
Shedding light on the enigmatic TcO2·xH2O structure with density functional theory and EXAFS spectroscopy
Authors: Oliveira Augusto F. , Kuc Agnieszka , Heine Thomas , Abram Ulrich , Scheinost Andreas C.
Published: July 2022

The β-emitting 99Tc isotope is a high-yield fission product in 235U and 239Pu nuclear reactors, raising special concern in nuclear waste management due to its long half-life and the high mobility of pertechnetate (TcO4−). In the conditions of deep nuclear waste repositories, retention of Tc is achieved via biotic and abiotic reduction of TcO4− to compounds like amorphous TcO2·xH2O precipitates. It is generally accepted that these precipitates have linear (Tc(μ-O)2(H2O)2)n chains, with trans H2O. Although corresponding Tc Tc and Tc O distances have been obtained from Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, this structure is largely based on analogy with other compounds. Here, we combine Density-Functional Theory with EXAFS measurements of fresh and aged samples to show that, instead, TcO2·xH2O forms zigzag chains that undergo a slow aging process whereby they combine to form longer chains and, later, a tridimensional structure that might lead to a new TcO2 polymorph.
SELF-PLAGIARISM A MATTER OF ETHICS AND ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
Authors: BUGIULESCU Marin
Published: July 2022

This paper addresses the issue of self-plagiarism in scientific research. What does self-plagiarism mean, what is the legal framework and in what context does it differ from double publication, paraphrasing, and compilation of ideas, texts, or papers? Self-plagiarism involves publishing/ reusing all or part of the same content, copypaste from a text/texts, expressions, demonstrations, data, hypotheses, theories, results, or scientific methods extracted from written works, double publication, compilation, by the same author, regardless of the language of presentation/ publication, at a certain time interval without making it clear that it has been transmitted in the past and without referring to the original source(s). Selfplagiarism is also the use of close paraphrasing, without fully and correctly mentioning the original source of the text. Self-plagiarism is very clearly committed in a situation where an author, without citing the original source, partially or completely re-exploits his own work. This fact usually arises from the desire to multiply the list of works and implicitly the CV.