bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling for Participants’ Viewing Distance in Large-Scale, Psychophysical Online Experiments Using a Virtual Chinrest
Authors: Li Qisheng , Joo Sung Jun , Yeatman Jason D. , Reinecke Katharina
Published: January 2020

While online experiments have shown tremendous potential to study larger and more diverse participant samples than is possible in the lab, the uncontrolled online environment has prohibited many types of psychophysical studies due to difficulties controlling the viewing distance and stimulus size. We introduce the Virtual Chinrest, a method that measures a participant’s viewing distance in the web browser by detecting a participant’s blind spot location. This makes it possible to automatically adjust stimulus configurations based on an individual’s viewing distance. We validated the Virtual Chinrest in two laboratory studies in which we varied the viewing distance and display size, showing that our method estimates participants’ viewing distance with an average error of 3.25 cm. We additionally show that by using the Virtual Chinrest we can reliably replicate measures of visual crowding, which depends on a precise calculation of visual angle, in an uncontrolled online environment. An online experiment with 1153 participants further replicated the findings of prior laboratory work, demonstrating how visual crowding increases with eccentricity and extending this finding by showing that young children, older adults and people with dyslexia all exhibit increased visual crowding, compared to adults without dyslexia. Our method provides a promising pathway to web-based psychophysical research requiring controlled stimulus geometry.
Wetting characteristics of Colocasia esculenta (Taro) leaf and a bioinspired surface thereof
Authors: Kumar Manish , Bhardwaj Rajneesh
Published: January 2020

We investigate wetting and water repellency characteristics of Colocasia esculenta (taro) leaf and an engineered surface, bioinspired by the morphology of the surface of the leaf. Scanning electron microscopic images of the leaf surface reveal a two-tier honeycomb-like microstructures, as compared to previously-reported two-tier micropillars on a Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) leaf. We measured static, advancing, and receding angle on the taro leaf and these values are around 10% lesser than those for the lotus leaf. Using standard photolithography techniques, we manufactured bioinspired surfaces with hexagonal cavities of different sizes. The ratio of inner to the outer radius of the circumscribed circle to the hexagon (b/a) was varied. We found that the measured static contact angle on the bioinspired surface varies with b/a and this variation is consistent with a free-energy based model for a droplet in Cassie-Baxter state. The static contact angle on the bioinspired surface is closer to that for the leaf for b/a ≈ 1. However, the contact angle hysteresis is much larger on these surfaces as compared to that on the leaf and the droplet sticks to the surfaces. We explain this behavior using a first-order model based on force balance on the contact line. Finally, the droplet impact dynamics was recorded on the leaf and different bioinspired surfaces. The droplets bounce on the leaf beyond a critical Weber number (We ~  1.1), exhibiting remarkable water-repellency characteristics. However, the droplet sticks to the bioinspired surfaces in all cases of We. At larger We, we recorded droplet breakup on the surface with larger b/a and droplet assumes full or partial Wenzel state. The breakup is found to be a function of We and b/a and the measured angles in full Wenzel state are closer to the predictions of the free-energy based model. The sticky bioinspired surfaces are potentially useful in applications such as water-harvesting.
Optimized microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of alkaloids and polyphenols from Berberis roots using multiple-component analysis
Authors: Belwal Tarun , Pandey Aseesh , Bhatt Indra D. , Rawal Ranbeer S.
Published: January 2020

Berberis, one of the major sources of berberine and polyphenols, is widely accepted genus for its medicinal properties. The inclusion of these phytochemicals in different health formulations has widened its scope in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. In the present study, multi-component analysis (MCA) has been used to extract these nutraceutical compounds fromBerberis jaeschkeanaroots under microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) conditions. To determine the optimum extraction condition, different factors, including, microwave power, sample to solvent ratio, irradiation time, solvent pH and solvent concentration were tested under 42 experiments. The MCA includes, Plackett-Burmen and Central Composite Design and analyzes model fitness, regression coefficient (β), analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 3D response curve. The results showed significant model fitness and involvement of linear, quadratic and interactive effect of different factors. Under optimized MAE condition, [i.e. 1 g of sample extracted through 70 mL of a solution (100% methanol pH 2.0), provided microwave power of 598 W for 2 min of irradiation time], the berberine and palmatine contents were recorded as 46.38 mg g−1and 20.54 mg g−1respectively. Under optimized condition, the yield of alkaloids were found closer to the models’ predicted value. Similarly, total phenolic content and antioxidant activities were also found closer to the models’ predicted value. To test the suitability of the optimized MAE condition for other species i.e.,Berberis asiatica, extraction of alkaloids and polyphenolics was conducted and recorded higher yield to the previous records. Moreover, under optimum extraction condition, six and seven polyphenolic compounds fromB. jaeschkeanaandB. asiaticawere quantified respectively. The proposed MAE optimization design using MCA contributes towards faster and greener extraction of alkaloids and polyphenolics with higher yield. Moreover these greener approaches could sustainably utilize species during extract preparation and harnessing its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential. This study design could also be replicated on other valuable species or compounds for effective extraction of nutraceutical components and sustainable utilization of natural products.
Regulation and Maturation of the Shewanella oneidensis Sulfite Reductase SirA
Authors: Brockman Kenneth L. , Shirodkar Sheetal , Croft Trevor J. , Banerjee Rini , Saffarini Daad A.
Published: January 2020

Shewanella oneidensis, a metal reducer and facultative anaerobe, expresses a large number of c-type cytochromes, many of which function as anaerobic reductases. All of these proteins contain the typical heme-binding motif CXXCH and require the Ccm proteins for maturation. Two c-type cytochrome reductases also possess atypical heme-binding sites, the NrfA nitrite reductase (CXXCK) and the SirA sulfite reductase (CX12NKGCH). S. oneidensis MR-1 encodes two cytochrome c synthetases (CcmF and SirE) and two apocytochrome c chaperones (CcmI and SirG). SirE located in the sir gene cluster is required for the maturation of SirA, but not NrfA. Here we show that maturation of SirA requires the combined function of the two apocytochrome c chaperones CcmI and SirG. Loss of either protein resulted in decreased sulfite reductase. Furthermore, SirA was not detected in a mutant that lacked both chaperones, perhaps due to misfolding or instability. These results suggest that CcmI interacts with SirEFG during SirA maturation, and with CcmF during maturation of NrfA. Additionally, we show that CRP regulates expression of sirA via the newly identified transcriptional regulatory protein, SirR.
Prediction of suitable brewing cuppages of Dahongpao tea based on chemical composition, liquor colour and sensory quality in different brewing
Authors: Zhang Sifeng , Yang Yiqing , Cheng Xiaofang , Thangaraj Kuberan , Arkorful Emmanuel , Chen Xuan , Li Xinghui
Published: January 2020

Oolong tea is famous for its characteristic of durably brewing. To explore suitable brewing cuppages and the scientific methods to brew Oolong tea in multiple steeping process. Dahongpao tea (Zhengyan, Banyan and Zhouyan tea) is well known Oolong tea variety, brewed at 14 times and assessed its chemical composition, infusion colour and sensory quality in different brewing intervals. The results showed that Zhengyan tea (A3) had the best quality of steeping among the chosen tea. It could be brewed up to 10 cuppages with 80% sensory score. The chemical composition and tea infusion colour strength were higher in Zhengyan tea. Though, 70% caffeine leached within first three steeping. The Forest regression model revealed that the suitable brewing time ranges between 4 and 10 in the chosen Dahongpao tea variety. This study provides a scientific method and suitable steeping times for the drinking of different Dahongpao tea through dynamic analysis of quantity of chemical composition, infusion colour strength and sensory quality.
A Cellular Mechanism of Learning-Induced Enhancement of Synaptic Inhibition: PKC-Dependent Upregulation of KCC2 Activation
Authors: Kfir Adi , Awasthi Richa , Ghosh Sourav , Kundu Sankhanava , Paul Blesson , Lamprecht Raphael , Barkai Edi
Published: January 2020

Long-term memory of complex olfactory learning is expressed by wide spread enhancement in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission onto piriform cortex pyramidal neurons. A particularly interesting modification in synaptic inhibition is the hyperpolarization of the reversal potential of the fast post synaptic inhibitory potential (fIPSP). Here we study the mechanism underlying the maintenance of such a shift in the fIPSP. Blocking of the neuronal specific K+-Cl− co-transporter (KCC2) in neurons of trained rats significantly depolarized the averaged fIPSP reversal potential of the spontaneous miniature inhibitory post synaptic currents (mIPSCs), to the averaged pre-training level. A similar effect was obtained by blocking PKC, which was previously shown to upregulate KCC2. Accordingly, the level of PKC-dependent phosphorylation of KCC2, at the serine 940 site, was significantly increased after learning. In contrast, blocking two other key second messenger systems CaMKII and PKA, which have no phosphorylation sites on KCC2, had no effect on the fIPSP reversal potential. Importantly, the PKC inhibitor also reduced the averaged amplitude of the spontaneous miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mEPSCs) in neurons of trained rats only, to the pre-training level. We conclude that learning-induced hyper-polarization of the fIPSP reversal potential is mediated by PKC-dependent increase of KCC2 phosphorylation.
Screening of natural compounds that targets glutamate racemase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals the anti-tubercular potential of flavonoids
Authors: Pawar Alka , Jha Prakash , Chopra Madhu , Chaudhry Uma , Saluja Daman
Published: January 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), a highly infectious disease accounting for nearly 1.5 million deaths every year and has been a major global concern. Moreover, resistance to anti-TB drugs is an arduous obstacle to effective prevention, TB care and management. Therefore, incessant attempts are being made to identify novel drug targets and newer anti-tubercular drugs to fight with this deadly pathogen. Increasing resistance, adverse effects and costly treatment by conventional therapeutic agents have been inclining the researchers to search for an alternative source of medicine. In this regard natural compounds have been exploited extensively for their therapeutic interventions targeting cellular machinery of MTB. Glutamate racemase (MurI) is an enzyme involved in peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthesis and has become an attractive target due to its moonlighting property. We screened various classes of natural compounds using computational approach for their binding to MTB-MurI. Shortlisted best docked compounds were evaluated for their functional, structural and anti-mycobacterial activity. The results showed that two flavonoids (naringenin and quercetin) exhibited best binding affinity with MTB-MurI and inhibited the racemization activity with induced structural perturbation. In addition, fluorescence and electron microscopy were employed to confirm the membrane and cell wall damages in mycobacterial cells on exposure to flavonoids. Together, these observations could provide impetus for further research in better understanding of anti-tubercular mechanisms of flavonoids and establishing them as lead molecules for TB treatment.
Post-20th century near-steady state of Batura Glacier: observational evidence of Karakoram Anomaly
Authors: Gao Haifeng , Zou Xiaojuan , Wu Jianfeng , Zhang Yinsheng , Deng Xiaoya , Hussain Saulat , Wazir Muhammad Atif , Zhu Guocai
Published: January 2020

Stable or marginal mass loss dominating in Karakoram has been reported widely through satellite and ground investigations. This work aimed to verify the variation in glacier mass by collecting ground-based data. By tracking profiles from the first survey by China–Pakistan Batura Glacier Investigation Group in 1974–1975, we revisited Batura Glacier and conducted an updated comparable measurement of the glacier surface elevation and ice thickness of this large valley glacier of Karakoram, in August 2017. Results of ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurement were used to improve the accuracy of an ice thickness distribution model (GlabTop2). The model calculation agreed reasonably with the measurement when the optimal basal shear stress (100 kPa for clean ice to 140 kPa for heavy debris cover) and shape factor (0.9) were used. We then used a glacier bed topographies map to calculate the ice flux. By subtracting the glacier surface topographies from the remote-sensing measurements, we observed a marginal thinning in Batura during 2000–2016, with a rate of variation in glacier surface elevation of −0.12 ± 0.27 m a−1. It indicated that the mass gain in the accumulation area nearly compensated the mass loss in the ablation area. In addition, both ground and satellite remote measurement reveal a steady rate of decrease in surface of the Batura tongue, implying an absence of significant variation during the past 40 years. Moreover, the mass conservation equation was applied to the Batura tongue, in combination with surface elevation variation and ice flux evolution. The tongue-averaged mass balance diminished by more than half from the 1970s to the 2010s. In summary, we inferred a near-steady state of Batura Glacier post 2000 based on the above-mentioned evidence of “Karakoram Anomaly”.
A Multi-Omics Interpretable Machine Learning Model Reveals Modes of Action of Small Molecules
Authors: Patel-Murray Natasha L. , Adam Miriam , Huynh Nhan , Wassie Brook T. , Milani Pamela , Fraenkel Ernest
Published: January 2020

High-throughput screening and gene signature analyses frequently identify lead therapeutic compounds with unknown modes of action (MoAs), and the resulting uncertainties can lead to the failure of clinical trials. We developed an approach for uncovering MoAs through an interpretable machine learning model of transcriptomics, epigenomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. Examining compounds with beneficial effects in models of Huntington’s Disease, we found common MoAs for compounds with unrelated structures, connectivity scores, and binding targets. The approach also predicted highly divergent MoAs for two FDA-approved antihistamines. We experimentally validated these effects, demonstrating that one antihistamine activates autophagy, while the other targets bioenergetics. The use of multiple omics was essential, as some MoAs were virtually undetectable in specific assays. Our approach does not require reference compounds or large databases of experimental data in related systems and thus can be applied to the study of agents with uncharacterized MoAs and to rare or understudied diseases.
Delineation of cell death mechanisms induced by synergistic effects of statins and erlotinib in non-small cell lung cancer cell (NSCLC) lines
Authors: Otahal Alexander , Aydemir Duygu , Tomasich Erwin , Minichsdorfer Christoph
Published: January 2020

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) have been shown to overcome tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in vivo and in vitro. However, little is known about the putative induction of non-apoptotic cell death pathways by statins. We investigated the effects of pitavastatin and fluvastatin alone or in combination with erlotinib in three NSCLC cell lines and examined the activation of different cell death pathways. We assessed apoptosis via fluorometric caspase assay and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP) cleavage. Furthermore, annexinV/propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry was performed. Small molecule inhibitors benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (zVAD), necrostatin 1 (Nec1), ferrostatin 1 (Fer1), Ac-Lys-Lys-Norleucinal (Calp1) were used to characterise cell death pathway(s) putatively (co-)activated by pitavastatin/erlotinib co-treatment. Synergism was calculated by additivity and isobolographic analyses. Pitavastatin and fluvastatin induced cell death in EGFR TKI resistant NSCLC cells lines A549, Calu6 and H1993 as shown by caspase 3 activation and PARP cleavage. Co-treatment of cells with pitavastatin and the EGFR TKI erlotinib resulted in synergistically enhanced cytotoxicity compared to pitavastatin monotherapy. Flow cytometry indicated the induction of alternative regulated cell death pathways. However, only co-treatment with mevalonic acid (Mev) or the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD could restore cell viability. The results show that cytotoxicity mediated by statin/erlotinib co-treatment is synergistic and can overcome erlotinib resistance in K-ras mutated NSCLC and relies only on apoptosis.
Early Pastoral Economies and Herding Transitions in Eastern Eurasia
Authors: Taylor William Timothy Treal , Clark Julia , Bayarsaikhan Jamsranjav , Tuvshinjargal Tumurbaatar , Jobe Jessica Thompson , Fitzhugh William , Kortum Richard , Spengler Robert N. , Shnaider Svetlana , Seersholm Frederik Valeur , Hart Isaac , Case Nicholas , Wilkin Shevan , Hendy Jessica , Thuering Ulrike , Miller Bryan , Miller Alicia R. Ventresca , Picin Andrea , Vanwezer Nils , Irmer Franziska , Brown Samantha , Abdykanova Aida , Shultz Daniel R. , Pham Victoria , Bunce Michael , Douka Katerina , Jones Emily Lena , Boivin Nicole
Published: January 2020

While classic models for the emergence of pastoral groups in Inner Asia describe mounted, horse-borne herders sweeping across the Eurasian Steppes during the Early or Middle Bronze Age (ca. 3000–1500 BCE), the actual economic basis of many early pastoral societies in the region is poorly characterized. In this paper, we use collagen mass fingerprinting and ancient DNA analysis of some of the first stratified and directly dated archaeofaunal assemblages from Mongolia’s early pastoral cultures to undertake species identifications of this rare and highly fragmented material. Our results provide evidence for livestock-based, herding subsistence in Mongolia during the late 3rd and early 2nd millennia BCE. We observe no evidence for dietary exploitation of horses prior to the late Bronze Age, ca. 1200 BCE – at which point horses come to dominate ritual assemblages, play a key role in pastoral diets, and greatly influence pastoral mobility. In combination with the broader archaeofaunal record of Inner Asia, our analysis supports models for widespread changes in herding ecology linked to the innovation of horseback riding in Central Asia in the final 2nd millennium BCE. Such a framework can explain key broad-scale patterns in the movement of people, ideas, and material culture in Eurasian prehistory.
Functional properties of human platelets derived in vitro from CD34+ cells
Authors: Do Sacramento V. , Mallo L. , Freund M. , Eckly A. , Hechler B. , Mangin P. , Lanza F. , Gachet C. , Strassel C.
Published: January 2020

The in vitro production of blood platelets for transfusion purposes is an important goal in the context of a sustained demand for controlled products free of infectious, immune and inflammatory risks. The aim of this study was to characterize human platelets derived from CD34+ progenitors and to evaluate their hemostatic properties. These cultured platelets exhibited a typical discoid morphology despite an enlarged size and expressed normal levels of the major surface glycoproteins. They aggregated in response to ADP and a thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP). After infusion into NSG mice, cultured and native platelets circulated with a similar 24 h half-life. Notably, the level of circulating cultured platelets remained constant during the first two hours following infusion. During this period of time their size decreased to reach normal values, probably due to their remodeling in the pulmonary circulation, as evidenced by the presence of numerous twisted platelet elements in the lungs. Finally, cultured platelets were capable of limiting blood loss in a bleeding assay performed in thrombocytopenic mice. In conclusion, we show here that cultured platelets derived from human CD34+ cells display the properties required for use in transfusion, opening the way to clinical trials.
Geranylated 4-phenylcoumarins extracted from Mesua elegans induced caspase-independent cell death in prostate cancer cell lines through calpain-2 and cathepsin B
Authors: Sapili Hani , Ho Chai San , Malagobadan Sharan , Arshad Norhafiza Mohd , Nagoor Noor Hasima
Published: January 2020

Geranylated 4-phenylcoumarins DMDP-1 and DMDP-2 isolated from Mesua elegans were elucidated for their role in inducing caspase-independent programmed cell death (CI-PCD) in prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and DU 145, respectively. Cell homeostasis disruption was demonstrated upon treatment, as shown by the increase in calcium ion through colourimetric assay and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers GRP 78 and p-eIF2α through western blot. Subsequently, cytoplasmic death protease calpain-2 also showed increased activity during DMDP-1 & -2 treatments, while lysosomic death protease cathepsin B activity was significantly increased in PC-3 treated with DMDP-1. Flow cytometry showed a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential in both cell lines, while western blotting showed translocation of mitochondrial death protease AIF into the cytoplasm in its truncated form. Furthermore, DMDP-1 & -2 treatments caused significant increase in superoxide level and oxidative DNA damage. Concurrent inhibition of calpain-2 and cathepsin B during the treatment showed an attenuation of cell death in both cell lines. Hence, DMDP-1 & -2 induce CI-PCD in prostate cancer cell lines through calpain-2 and cathepsin B.
Unraveling the choice of the north Atlantic subpolar gyre index
Authors: Koul Vimal , Tesdal Jan-Erik , Bersch Manfred , Hátún Hjálmar , Brune Sebastian , Borchert Leonard , Haak Helmuth , Schrum Corinna , Baehr Johanna
Published: January 2020

The north Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG) has been widely implicated as the source of large-scale changes in the subpolar marine environment. However, inconsistencies between indices of SPG-strength have raised questions about the active role SPG-strength and size play in determining water properties in the eastern subpolar North Atlantic (ENA). Here, by analyzing various SPG indices derived from observations and a global coupled model, we show that the choice of the SPG index dictates the interpretation of SPG strength-salinity relationship in the ENA. Variability in geostrophic currents derived from observed hydrography and model based Lagrangian trajectories reveal zonal shifts of advective pathways in the ENA and meridional shifts in the western intergyre region. Such shifts in advective pathways are manifestations of variability in the size and strength of the SPG, and they impact salinity by modulating the proportion of subpolar and subtropical waters reaching the ENA. SPG indices based on subsurface density and principal component analysis of sea surface height variability capture these shifts in advective pathways, and are therefore best suited to describe SPG-salinity relationship in the ENA. Our results establish the dynamical constraints on the choice of the SPG index and emphasize that SPG indices should be cautiously interpreted.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) promote growth and ameliorate salinity stress effects on essential oil profile and biochemical attributes of Dracocephalum moldavica
Authors: Gohari Gholamreza , Mohammadi Asghar , Akbari Ali , Panahirad Sima , Dadpour Mohammad Reza , Fotopoulos Vasileios , Kimura Seisuke
Published: January 2020

Considering titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) role in plant growth and especially in plant tolerance against abiotic stress, a greenhouse experiment was carried out to evaluate TiO2 NPs effects (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg L−1) on agronomic traits of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) plants grown under different salinity levels (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl). Results demonstrated that all agronomic traits were negatively affected under all salinity levels but application of 100 mg L−1 TiO2 NPs mitigated these negative effects. TiO2 NPs application on Moldavian balm grown under salt stress conditions improved all agronomic traits and increased antioxidant enzyme activity compared with plants grown under salinity without TiO2 NP treatment. The application of TiO2 NPs significantly lowered H2O2 concentration. In addition, highest essential oil content (1.19%) was obtained in 100 mg L−1 TiO2 NP-treated plants under control conditions. Comprehensive GC/MS analysis of essential oils showed that geranial, z-citral, geranyl acetate and geraniol were the dominant essential oil components. The highest amounts for geranial, geraniol and z-citral were obtained in 100 mg L−1 TiO2 NP-treated plants under control conditions. In conclusion, application of 100 mg L−1 TiO2 NPs could significantly ameliorate the salinity effects in Moldavian balm.
Novel Analytical Platform For Robust Identification of Cell Migration Inhibitors
Authors: Somchai Parinyachat , Phongkitkarun Kriengkrai , Kueanjinda Patipark , Jamnongsong Supawan , Vaeteewoottacharn Kulthida , Luvira Vor , Okada Seiji , Jirawatnotai Siwanon , Sampattavanich Somponnat
Published: January 2020

Wound healing assay is a simple and cost-effective in vitro assay for assessing therapeutic impacts on cell migration. Its key limitation is the possible confoundment by other cellular phenotypes, causing misinterpretation of the experimental outcome. In this study, we attempted to address this problem by developing a simple analytical approach for scoring therapeutic influences on both cell migration and cell death, while normalizing the influence of cell growth using Mitomycin C pre-treatment. By carefully mapping the relationship between cell death and wound closure rate, contribution of cell death and cell migration on the observed wound closure delay can be quantitatively separated at all drug dosing. We showed that both intrinsic cell motility difference and extrinsic factors such as cell seeding density can significantly affect final interpretation of therapeutic impacts on cellular phenotypes. Such discrepancy can be rectified by using the actual wound closure time of each treatment condition for the calculation of phenotypic scores. Finally, we demonstrated a screen for strong pharmaceutical inhibitors of cell migration in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Our approach enables accurate scoring of both migrastatic and cytotoxic effects, and can be easily implemented for high-throughput drug screening.
Environmentally sensitive grain-size component records and its response to climatic and anthropogenic influences in Bosten Lake region, China
Authors: Ma Long , Abuduwaili Jilili , Liu Wen
Published: January 2020

Using 137Cs and 210Pb dating and multi-proxy evidence from a 41-cm sediment core from Bosten Lake in China, the responses of sediment grain size to environmental changes were reconstructed over the past 150 years. After the end of the Little Ice Age, the climate of the Bosten Lake region became warmer and drier, and the lake water level decreased. The results indicated that the lowest water storage periods occurred at approximately 1920–1930 AD. Decreases in the Siberian High intensity and water vapour transport from the Indian Ocean during this period led to a reduction in the water vapour supply, which resulted in reduced lake levels in the period 1920–1930 AD. Then, the lake was at a high level until the 1960s. The water storage then declined in the 1960s. Since the 1960s, the contents of total organic carbon and total nitrogen have significantly decreased, which is closely related to the significant decline in water level and increased water salinity caused by enhanced water demands. Increased irrigation water demand as a result of expanding cultivated areas and climate change, coupled with a reduced input of water vapour, resulted in the worst water environment in approximately 1980–1990 AD. Since the late 1980s, the water level of the lake has risen, and the lake primary productivity of Bosten Lake has improved. Through the application of statistical methods to grain size data from Bosten Lake combined with the abovementioned data on climate change and human activities, two major potential factors influencing the grain size of terrigenous clastic material were revealed. The first factor, consistent with a grain size of 3.31 μm, is related to the recent increase in agricultural acreage in the Bosten Lake watershed and may reflect increases in atmospheric dust. The second factor, correlated with grain sizes of 11.48 μm and 69.18 μm, can be used to reflect changes in the lake hydrological state. It is suggested that the grain sizes of these lake sediments sensitively reflect changes in the hydrological characteristics of the basin and can be used to reconstruct the history of climate change and human activities.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid Attenuates the Retinal Vascular Abnormalities in Anti-PDGFR-β Antibody-Induced Pericyte Depletion Mouse Models
Authors: Shiraya Tomoyasu , Araki Fumiyuki , Ueta Takashi , Fukunaga Hisako , Totsuka Kiyohito , Arai Takahiro , Uemura Akiyoshi , Moriya Kyoji , Kato Satoshi
Published: January 2020

As a clinical manifestations of diabetic retinopathy (DR), pericytes (PCs) loss from the capillary walls is thought to be an initial pathological change responsible for the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). This study was performed to investigate the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in PC depletion mice by injection of an antibody against platelet-derived growth factor reception-β (PDGFR-β clone APB5). To assess the integrity of the retinal vessels, their density, diameters, vessel branching points, and number of acellular capillaries were evaluated. While all types of retinal vessels became enlarged in APB5-induced mice, treatment with UDCA rescued the vasculature; the vessel density, diameter of the veins and capillaries, and vessel branching points were significantly lower in mice treated with UDCA. Although APB5-induced mice displayed progressive exacerbation of retinal edema, whole retinal thickness upon treatment with UDCA was significantly decreased. Additionally, UDCA reduced the expression of F4/80+ macrophages in the APB5-induced retina according to immunofluorescent labeling. UDCA also reduced the increased expression of angiogenic factors and inflammatory mediators (vascular endothelial growth factor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1). These findings suggest that UDCA can be used to prevent the progression of and treat DR.
Inulin with different degrees of polymerization protects against diet-induced endotoxemia and inflammation in association with gut microbiota regulation in mice
Authors: Li Li-Li , Wang Yu-Ting , Zhu Li-Meng , Liu Zheng-Yi , Ye Chang-Qing , Qin Song
Published: January 2020

Societal lifestyle changes, especially increased consumption of a high-fat diet lacking dietary fibers, lead to gut microbiota dysbiosis and enhance the incidence of adiposity and chronic inflammatory disease. We aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of inulin with different degrees of polymerization on high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 J mice and to evaluate whether different health outcomes are related to regulation of the gut microbiota. Short-chain and long-chain inulins exert beneficial effects through alleviating endotoxemia and inflammation. Antiinflammation was associated with a proportional increase in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and an increase in the concentration of short-chain fatty acids. Inulin might decrease endotoxemia by increasing the proportion of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and their inhibition of endotoxin secretion may also contribute to antiinflammation. Interestingly, the beneficial health effects of long-chain inulin were more pronounced than those of short-chain inulin. Long-chain inulin was more dependent than short-chain inulin on species capable of processing complex polysaccharides, such as Bacteroides. A good understanding of inulin-gut microbiota-host interactions helps to provide a dietary strategy that could target and prevent high-fat diet-induced endotoxemia and inflammation through a prebiotic effect.
Author Correction: CEP120 interacts with C2CD3 and Talpid3 and is required for centriole appendage assembly and ciliogenesis
Authors: Tsai Jhih-Jie , Hsu Wen-Bin , Liu Jia-Hua , Chang Ching-Wen , Tang Tang K.
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Characterisation and localisation of the endocannabinoid system components in the adult human testis
Authors: Nielsen John E. , Rolland Antoine D. , Meyts Ewa Rajpert-De , Janfelt Christian , Jørgensen Anne , Winge Sofia B. , Kristensen David M. , Juul Anders , Chalmel Frédéric , Jégou Bernard , Skakkebaek Niels E.
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: An Effective Way for Simulating Oceanic Turbulence Channel on the Beam Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum
Authors: Pan Sunxiang , Wang Le , Wang Wennai , Zhao Shengmei
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Structure, optical and magnetic properties of new Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3- SrMnO3−δ solid solution materials
Authors: Dung Dang Duc , Hung Nguyen The , Odkhuu Dorj
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Publisher Correction: The Resistome, Mobilome, Virulome and Phylogenomics of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from Pretoria, South Africa
Authors: Mbelle Nontombi Marylucy , Feldman Charles , Osei Sekyere John , Maningi Nontuthuko Excellent , Modipane Lesedi , Essack Sabiha Yusuf
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Instantaneous detection of αs-casein in cow's milk using fluorogenic peptide aptamers
Authors: Phadke Chinmay , Tada Seiichi , Kono Izumi , Hiyama Asami , Takase Yuki , Gayama Shinyo , Aigaki Toshiro , Ito Yoshihiro , Uzawa Takanori
Published: January 2020

We present a novel, fluorogenic peptide aptamer that strongly enhances its fluorescence just after mixing it with a milk allergen αs-casein. Notably, our system can detect αs-casein in an exceptionally short time of 20–25 seconds.
The Br⋯π halogen bond assisted self-assembly of an asymmetric molecule regulated by concentration
Authors: Wu Juntian , Li Jinxing , Miao Xinrui , Ying Lei , Dong Meiqiu , Deng Wenli
Published: January 2020

An asymmetric halogenated molecule self-assembles into different patterns with different weak interactions, which further leads to variations in the coverages of the different structures.
Nickel(ii)-methyl complexes adopting unusual seesaw geometries
Authors: Hill Ethan A. , Zhao Norman , Filatov Alexander S. , Anderson John S.
Published: January 2020

Tris-carbene borate supported nickel methyl complexes adopt unusual seesaw geometries due to competing electronic and chelate effects.
One-pot aerobic oxidative sulfonamidation of aromatic thiols with ammonia by a dual-functional β-MnO2 nanocatalyst
Authors: Hayashi Eri , Yamaguchi Yui , Kita Yusuke , Kamata Keigo , Hara Michikazu
Published: January 2020

High-surface-area β-MnO2 nanoparticles exhibited high activity for the one-pot oxidative sulfonamidation of thiols to sulfonamides using O2 and NH3.
Improving stability of the metal-free primary energetic cyanuric triazide (CTA) through cocrystallization
Authors: Foroughi Leila M. , Wiscons Ren A. , Du Bois Derek R. , Matzger Adam J.
Published: January 2020

Cyanuric triazide and benzotrifuroxan (BTF) form a metal-free primary energetic cocrystal with suppressed volatility and improved thermal properties relative to CTA.
An organocatalytic asymmetric Friedel–Crafts reaction of 2-substituted indoles with aldehydes: enantioselective synthesis of α-hydroxyl ketones by low loading of chiral phosphoric acid
Authors: Deng Xiong-fei , Wang Ying-wei , Zhang Shi-qi , Li Ling , Li Guang-xun , Zhao Gang , Tang Zhuo
Published: January 2020

Hydroxyl alkylation of indoles by Friedel–Crafts reaction with a carbonyl compound is a useful strategy.
Design of single-porphyrin donors toward high open-circuit voltage for organic solar cells via an energy level gradient-distribution screening strategy of fragments: a theoretical study
Authors: Wu Li-Na , Sui Ming-Yue , Xiao Song , Xie Yu-Zhong , Sun Guang-Yan
Published: January 2020

The energy level gradient-distribution screening strategy of fragments is an effective way to reduce the HOMO level and increase VOC.
A unified statistical RRKM approach to the fragmentation and autoneutralization of metastable molecular negative ions of hexaazatrinaphthylenes
Authors: Khatymov Rustem V. , Shchukin Pavel V. , Muftakhov Mars V. , Yakushchenko Igor K. , Yarmolenko Ol'ga V. , Pankratyev Evgeniy Yu.
Published: January 2020

Experimental data on the formation and delayed decay of isolated negative ions are analyzed through the prism of statistical RRKM theory.
Hole hopping in dimers of N,N′ di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-4,4′-diamine (α-NPD): a theoretical study
Authors: Krysko Ilya Dmitrievich , Freidzon Alexandra Yakovlevna , Bagaturyants Alexander Alexandrovich
Published: January 2020

Hole-hopping parameters for Marcus-like charge transport, Marcus hole hopping rates, and hole mobilities are calculated for a series of model dimers of a typical hole-transporting material α-NPD using multireference quantum chemistry.
Real-time degradation dynamics of hydrated per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the presence of excess electrons
Authors: Yamijala Sharma S. R. K. C. , Shinde Ravindra , Wong Bryan M.
Published: January 2020

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are harmful man-made chemicals that have contaminated several drinking water resources worldwide. Our work provides the first real-time assessment of PFAS degradation in the presence of excess electrons.
Creation of gallium acid and platinum metal sites in bifunctional zeolite hydroisomerization and hydrocracking catalysts by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Geerts Lisa , Ramachandran Ranjith K. , Dendooven Jolien , Radhakrishnan Sambhu , Seo Jin Won , Detavernier Christophe , Martens Johan , Sree Sreeprasanth Pulinthanathu
Published: January 2020

Active sites in bifunctional zeolite catalysts were engineered using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Gallium acid and platinum metal sites were introduced to zeolites via ALD and investigated for a hydroconversion reaction.
UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra of lanthanide oxides and fluorides
Authors: Runowski Marcin , Stopikowska Natalia , Lis Stefan
Published: January 2020

Absorption spectra of inorganic lanthanide fluorides and oxides.
Correction: Highly efficient room-temperature phosphorescence achieved by gadolinium complexes
Authors: Sun Boxun , Wei Chen , Wei Huibo , Cai Zelun , Liu Huanyu , Zang Zhiyu , Yan Wenchao , Liu Zhiwei , Bian Zuqiang , Huang Chunhui
Published: January 2020

Correction for ‘Highly efficient room-temperature phosphorescence achieved by gadolinium complexes’ by Boxun Sun et al., Dalton Trans., 2019, 48, 14958–14961.
A more stable lithium anode by mechanical constriction for solid state batteries
Authors: Su Yibo , Ye Luhan , Fitzhugh William , Wang Yichao , Gil-González Eva , Kim In , Li Xin
Published: January 2020

A lithium metal all-solid-state battery with excellent rate capability up to 10 mA cm−2 is realized by our mechanical constriction design for kinetically limited reduction pathways.
Selective conversion of lignin to ethylbenzene
Authors: Luo Zhicheng , Qin Shufang , Chen Shuang , Hui Yingshuang , Zhao Chen
Published: January 2020

The developed strategy enables the selective production of value-added ethylbenzene from lignin valorization.
Recycling non-food-grade tree gum wastes into nanoporous carbon for sustainable energy harvesting
Authors: Venkateshaiah Abhilash , Cheong Jun Young , Shin Sung-Ho , Akshaykumar K. P. , Yun Tae Gwang , Bae Jaehyeong , Wacławek Stanisław , Černík Miroslav , Agarwal Seema , Greiner Andreas , Padil Vinod V. T. , Kim Il-Doo , Varma Rajender S.
Published: January 2020

Nanoporous carbon (nC), as electricity source, is prepared from low-grade tree-gum wastes via carbonization and exfoliation.
Development of a DNA biosensor based on MCM41 modified screen-printed graphite electrode for the study of the short sequence of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in hybridization and its interaction with the flutamide drug using hemin as the electrochemical label
Authors: Raoof Jahan Bakhsh , Bagheryan Zahra , Hashkavayi Ayemeh Bagheri
Published: January 2020

Electrochemical DNA biosensors are particularly attractive because of their high sensitivity, suitability and compatibility with miniaturization in nucleic acid technology.
Strain manipulation of the polarized optical response in two-dimensional GaSe layers
Authors: Zhou Jiangpeng , Wu Yaping , Wang Hao , Wu Zhiming , Li Xu , Yang Weihuang , Ke Congming , Lu Shiqiang , Zhang Chunmiao , Kang Junyong
Published: January 2020

Considerable enhancements of room temperature circular polarization and anisotropic optical response in 2D GaSe are achieved through the strain manipulation.
Mesochiral phases from the self-assembly of chiral block copolymers
Authors: Yang Kai-Chieh , Chiu Po-Ting , Ho Rong-Ming
Published: January 2020

Self-assembly of block copolymers with chiral sense gives mesochiral phases possessing helical sense. With the controlled chirality of the helical cylinder and chiral network, it is appealing to fabricate chiral materials for applications.
A magnetic nanoscale metal–organic framework (MNMOF) as a viable fluorescence quencher material for ssDNA and for the detection of mercury ions via a novel quenching–quenching mechanism
Authors: Marieeswaran Muppidathi , Panneerselvam Perumal
Published: January 2020

Here, we propose a magnetic nanoscale metal–organic framework as a novel quenching material and reveal its quenching–quenching mechanism. It sensitively and selectively binds Hg(ii) and a detection limit of 8 nM.
Highly-efficient removal of Pb(ii), Cu(ii) and Cd(ii) from water by novel lithium, sodium and potassium titanate reusable microrods
Authors: Motlochová Monika , Slovák Václav , Pližingrová Eva , Lidin Sven , Šubrt Jan
Published: January 2020

This work provides a very efficient, fast and convenient approach for exploring promising materials for water treatment.
Adapting free energy perturbation simulations for large macrocyclic ligands: how to dissect contributions from direct binding and free ligand flexibility
Authors: Wallraven Kerstin , Holmelin Fredrik L. , Glas Adrian , Hennig Sven , Frolov Andrey I. , Grossmann Tom N.
Published: January 2020

A combination of free energy perturbations and molecular dynamics simulations were applied to investigate large macrocyclic ligands and their receptor binding.
Organic glasses with tunable liquid-crystalline order through kinetic arrest of end-over-end rotation: the case of saperconazole
Authors: Chen Zhenxuan , Yu Junguang , Teerakapibal Rattavut , Meerpoel Lieven , Richert Ranko , Yu Lian
Published: January 2020

Kinetic arrest of the end-over-end rotation controls the liquid-crystalline order in an organic glass prepared by cooling at different rates, allowing systematic control of molecular packing for electronic applications.
Removal of hydrocarbon contaminants from water with perfluorocarboxylated UiO-6X derivatives
Authors: DeChellis Dante M. , Ngule Chrispus M. , Genna Douglas T.
Published: January 2020

We report that treatment of UiO-66 and UiO-67 with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) not only render the MOF hydrophobic but also capable of removing hydrocarbon contaminants from water.
Rapid capture of trace precious metals by amyloid-like protein membrane with high adsorption capacity and selectivity
Authors: Yang Facui , Yan Zhigang , Zhao Jian , Miao Shuting , Wang Dong , Yang Peng
Published: January 2020

A protein-based bilayer membrane can selectively sequester precious metal ions from leaching solutions of ores and WEEE, and exhibits an adsorption capacity for gold of 1034.4 mg g−1.
A two-dimensional quinazoline based covalent organic framework with a suitable direct gap and superior optical absorption for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Xu Bo , Li Shenchang , Jiao Han , Yin Jiang , Liu Zhiguo , Zhong Wenying
Published: January 2020

The suitable band gap and high optical absorption make Q-COF monolayer as an ideal candidate for photovoltaic applications.
Application of polyoxometalate derivatives in rechargeable batteries
Authors: Huang Bo , Yang Dong-Hui , Han Bao-Hang
Published: January 2020

Various polyoxometalate-derived transition metal composites can be applied as electrode materials in multiple rechargeable batteries with excellent electrochemical performances.
Interlocking a synthesized polymer and bifunctional filler containing the same polymer's monomer for conformable hybrid membrane systems
Authors: Mashhadikhan Samaneh , Moghadassi Abdolreza , Ebadi Amooghin Abtin , Sanaeepur Hamidreza
Published: January 2020

Extra high-performance MMMs were fabricated by embedding a bifunctional host/guest complex (Schiff base macrocyclic copper complex in the FAU super-cages of zeolite 13X) into the 6FDA-durene matrix and examined for CO2/light gas separation.
Bimetal–MOF nanosheets as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution and nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Li Weixin , Fang Wei , Wu Chen , Dinh Khang Ngoc , Ren Hao , Zhao Lei , Liu Chuntai , Yan Qingyu
Published: January 2020

Two dimensional (2D) bimetal–MOFs (CoxFe–MOF) nanosheets have been successfully synthesized, which can simultaneously meet the requirement of both OER and NRR, thus providing the potential for coupling both OER and NRR in a full-cell configuration.
Suppressing lithium dendrite growth by a synergetic effect of uniform nucleation and inhibition
Authors: Wu Li-Na , Peng Jun , Han Fa-Ming , Sun Ya-Ke , Sheng Tian , Li Yang-Yang , Zhou Yao , Huang Ling , Li Jun-Tao , Sun Shi-Gang
Published: January 2020

We report a dendrite-free Li metal anode obtained by the synergistic effect of AgPF6–LiNO3 hybrid additives in the electrolyte. The constructed symmetric cell battery shows excellent cycling lifetime for >3000 h with only slight polarization.
Synthesis of spiropyran with methacrylate at the benzopyran moiety and control of the water repellency and cell adhesion of its polymer film
Authors: Murase Nobuo , Ando Tsuyoshi , Ajiro Hiroharu
Published: January 2020

NIH3T3 cells were spread only on 6% of the surface of the PSpMA thin film after UV irradiation compared with no UV irradiation. As a result, we successfully synthesized a photo-controllable cell culture scaffold.