bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Ultradeep Multiband VLA Survey of the Faint Radio Sky (COSMOS-XS): Source Catalog and Number Counts
Authors: van der Vlugt D. , Algera H. S. B. , Hodge J. A. , Novak M. , Radcliffe J. F. , Riechers D. A. , Röttgering H. , Smolčić V. , Walter F.
Published: January 2021

We present ultradeep, matched-resolution Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations at 10 and 3 GHz in the COSMOS field: the COSMOS-XS survey. The final 10 and 3 GHz images cover ∼16 and

and reach median rms values at the phase center of 0.41 and 0.53 μJy beam−1, respectively. Both images have an angular resolution of  ∼20. To account for the spectral shape and resolution variations across the broad bands, we image all data with a multiscale, multifrequency synthesis algorithm. We present source catalogs for the 10 and 3 GHz image with 91 and 1498 sources, respectively, above a peak brightness threshold of 5σ. We present source counts with completeness corrections included that are computed via Monte Carlo simulations. Our corrected counts at 3 GHz are consistent within the uncertainties with other results at 3 and 1.4 GHz but extend to fainter flux densities than previous direct detections. The 3 GHz number counts exceed the counts predicted by the semiempirical simulations developed in the framework of the SKA Simulated Skies project, consistent with previous P(D) analyses. Our source counts suggest a steeper luminosity function evolution for faint star-forming sources. The semiempirical Tiered Radio Extragalactic Continuum Simulation predicts this steeper evolution and is in better agreement with our results at 10 and 3 GHz within the expected variations from cosmic variance. In summary, the multiband, matched-resolution COSMOS-XS survey in the COSMOS field provides a high-resolution view of the ultrafaint radio sky that can help guide next-generation radio facilities.
Statistical Correlation between the Distribution of Lyα Emitters and Intergalactic Medium H i at z ∼ 2.2 Mapped by the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam
Authors: Liang Yongming , Kashikawa Nobunari , Cai Zheng , Fan Xiaohui , Prochaska J. Xavier , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Tanaka Masayuki , Uchiyama Hisakazu , Ito Kei , Shimakawa Rhythm , Nagamine Kentaro , Shimizu Ikkoh , Onoue Masafusa , Toshikawa Jun
Published: January 2021

The correlation between neutral hydrogen (H i) in the intergalactic medium (IGM) and galaxies attracts great interest. We select four fields that include several coherently strong Lyα absorption systems at z ∼ 2.2 detected using background quasars from the whole SDSS/(e) Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) database. Deep narrowband and g-band imaging are performed using the Hyper Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope. We select 2642 Lyα emitter (LAE) candidates at z = 2.177 ± 0.023 down to the Lyα luminosity of L
Lyα
 ≈ 2 × 1042 erg s−1 to construct the galaxy overdensity maps, covering an effective area of 5.39 deg2. Combining the sample with the Lyα absorption estimated from 64 (e) BOSS quasar spectra, we find a moderate to strong correlation between the LAE overdensity δ
LAE and the effective optical depth τ
LoS in lines of sight, with P value = 0.09% or <0.01% when the field containing a significant quasar overdensity is included or excluded. Cross-correlation analysis also clearly suggests that up to 4 ± 1 pMpc, LAEs tend to cluster in regions rich in H i gas, as indicated by the high τ
LoS, and avoid the low τ
LoS regions where the H i gas is deficient. By averaging the τ
LoS as a function of the projected distance (d) to LAEs, we find a 30% excess signal at 2σ level at d < 200 pkpc, indicating the dense H i in the circumgalactic medium, and a tentative excess at 400 < d < 600 pkpc in the IGM regime, corroborating the cross-correlation signal detected at about 0.5 pMpc. These statistical analyses suggest that galaxy−IGM H i correlations exist on scales ranging from several hundred pkpc to several pMpc at z ∼ 2.2.
Magnetic Fields in Elliptical Galaxies: An Observational Probe of the Fluctuation Dynamo Action
Authors: Seta Amit , Rodrigues Luiz Felippe S. , Federrath Christoph , Hales Christopher A.
Published: January 2021

Fluctuation dynamos are thought to play an essential role in the evolution of magnetized galaxies, saturating within ∼0.01 Gyr and thus potentially acting as seeds for large-scale mean-field dynamos. However, unambiguous observational confirmation of the fluctuation dynamo action in a galactic environment is still missing. This is because, in spiral galaxies, it is difficult to differentiate between small-scale magnetic fields generated by a fluctuation dynamo and those due to the tangling of the large-scale field. We propose that observations of magnetic fields in elliptical galaxies would directly probe the fluctuation dynamo action. This is motivated by the fact that in ellipticals, due to their lack of significant rotation, the conventional large-scale dynamo is absent and the fluctuation dynamo is responsible for controlling the strength and structure of the magnetic field. By considering turbulence injected by Type Ia supernova explosions and possible magnetic field amplification by cooling flows, we estimate expected magnetic field strengths of

in the centers of quiescent elliptical galaxies. We use a semianalytic model of galaxy formation to estimate the distribution and redshift evolution of field strengths, tentatively finding a decrease in magnetic field strength with decreasing redshift. We analyze a historical sample of radio sources that exhibit the Laing–Garrington effect (radio polarization asymmetry in jets) and infer magnetic field strengths between

for a uniform thermal electron density and between

for the thermal electron density following the King profile. We examine observational techniques for measuring the magnetic field saturation state in elliptical galaxies, focusing on Faraday rotation measure grids, the Laing–Garrington effect, synchrotron emission, and gravitational lensing, and finding appealing prospects for future empirical analysis.
Efficient Direct Method for Self-gravity in 3D, Accelerated by a Fast Fourier Transform
Authors: Krasnopolsky Ruben , Martínez Mario Ponce , Shang 尚 Hsien 賢 , Tseng 曾耀 Yao-Huan 寰 , Yen 嚴健 Chien-Chang 彰
Published: January 2021

Self-gravity calculations for 3D are expensive in terms of computational time. Several methods exist for this computation, for example multigrid and spectral methods. Unfortunately, these approaches require the imposition of boundary conditions, which can be either numerically expensive (direct Newtonian sums), artificial (periodicity assumptions), or potentially imprecise (multipolar expansions). In this work we present a novel direct numerical method to calculate the gravitational potential and forces by solving the Poisson equation without the need to prescribe artificial boundary conditions; this method, despite being direct, turns out to be efficient due to the possibility of using a fast Fourier transform for its implementation. For a grid having N zones in each dimension, the computational complexity of the method presented here is

, which is comparable with multigrid methods under no consideration of boundary settings. Finally, a numerical study shows this proposed method can achieve second order for calculations of both potential and forces.
First Fermi-LAT Solar Flare Catalog
Authors: Ajello M. , Baldini L. , Bastieri D. , Bellazzini R. , Berretta A. , Bissaldi E. , Blandford R. D. , Bonino R. , Bruel P. , Buson S. , Cameron R. A. , Caputo R. , Cavazzuti E. , Cheung C. C. , Chiaro G. , Costantin D. , Cutini S. , D’Ammando F. , de Palma F. , Desiante R. , Di Lalla N. , Di Venere L. , Dirirsa F. Fana , Fegan S. J. , Fukazawa Y. , Funk S. , Fusco P. , Gargano F. , Gasparrini D. , Giordano F. , Giroletti M. , Green D. , Guiriec S. , Hays E. , Hewitt J. W. , Horan D. , Jóhannesson G. , Kovac’evic’ M. , Kuss M. , Larsson S. , Latronico L. , Li J. , Longo F. , Lovellette M. N. , Lubrano P. , Maldera S. , Manfreda A. , Martí-Devesa G. , Mazziotta M. N. , Mereu I. , Michelson P. F. , Mizuno T. , Monzani M. E. , Morselli A. , Moskalenko I. V. , Negro M. , Omodei N. , Orienti M. , Orlando E. , Paneque D. , Pei Z. , Persic M. , Pesce-Rollins M. , Petrosian V. , Piron F. , Porter T. A. , Principe G. , Racusin J. L. , Rainò S. , Rando R. , Rani B. , Razzano M. , Razzaque S. , Reimer A. , Reimer O. , Serini D. , Sgrò C. , Siskind E. J. , Spandre G. , Spinelli P. , Tak D. , Troja E. , Valverde J. , Wood K. , Zaharijas G.
Published: January 2021

We present the first Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) solar flare catalog covering the 24th solar cycle. This catalog contains 45 Fermi-LAT solar flares (FLSFs) with emission in the γ-ray energy band (30 MeV–10 GeV) detected with a significance of ≥5σ over the years 2010–2018. A subsample containing 37 of these flares exhibits delayed emission beyond the prompt-impulsive hard X-ray phase, with 21 flares showing delayed emission lasting more than two hours. No prompt-impulsive emission is detected in four of these flares. We also present in this catalog observations of GeV emission from three flares originating from active regions located behind the limb of the visible solar disk. We report the lightcurves, spectra, best proton index, and localization (when possible) for all FLSFs. The γ-ray spectra are consistent with the decay of pions produced by >300 MeV protons. This work contains the largest sample of high-energy γ-ray flares ever reported and provides a unique opportunity to perform population studies on the different phases of the flare and thus allowing a new window in solar physics to be opened.
Le monde « refait » des machinistes
Authors: Crunel Bérénice
Published: January 2021

Au sein d’un Opéra de renommée mondiale, l’enquête menée en immersion auprès des machinistes fait apparaître la centralité d’un répertoire symbolique autonome, fortement inspiré des luttes et représentations du monde ouvrier. À travers des valeurs et références concurrentes de celles qui prédominent dans «  la Maison  », cet «  esprit de brigade  » renverse les stigmates qui pèsent sur ces salariés subalternes et soutient leurs capacités d’agir. Outre l’action syndicale, c’est un ensemble d’usages et de traditions infrapolitiques qui sont légitimées et permettent aux machinistes de s’accommoder en pratique de la violence symbolique et de la contrainte. Ce répertoire, qui n’est que relativement autonome, rend donc la domination « tenable » par la réaffirmation d’une dignité collective autant que par l’octroi de soupapes concrètes. Mais avec la diversification sociale de la brigade, liée au renforcement des profils techniques, s’accentuent des clivages entre, d’une part, les machinistes pour qui ce répertoire fait encore sens, pratiquement et politiquement, et d’autre part, ceux qui, plus éloignés du monde ouvrier et pouvant faire valoir d’autres ressources, développent des appropriations ambivalentes et critiques de «  l’esprit de brigade  ».
L’intelligence des plantes : révolution ou fiction ?
Authors: Dorly Claire
Published: January 2021

Jusqu’à une époque récente, le monde végétal n’occupait qu’une place restreinte dans le domaine de la pensée contemporaine. Des progrès techniques ont permis de mettre à la disposition des botanistes des données qui amènent à questionner des notions fondamentales comme la vie et la mort. De nouvelles propriétés apparaissent chez les végétaux, donnant lieu à des interprétations anthropomorphiques. Il s’ensuit la nécessité d’un renouvellement des relations entre les humains et les végétaux. Certains scientifiques estiment que le temps est venu d’une révolution intellectuelle. L’auteure met au travail la notion de « conception du monde » élaborée par Jung, qu’elle confronte aux multiples aspects du changement.
De la physique appliquée à la métaphysique appliquée
Authors: Fellows Andrew , Richer-Villar Samira
Published: January 2021

Les approches politiques et institutionnelles ont manifestement échoué, depuis des décennies, à améliorer suffisamment les impacts environnementaux des activités humaines, surtout en ce qui concerne le réchauffement climatique et la sixième extinction de masse. Même si elles ne doivent pas être abandonnées, il y a des preuves accablantes indiquant que le problème est, à sa base, psychologique. Cet article associe des aspects théoriques de psychologie jungienne avec des apports de la théorie Gaïa, de l’écologie profonde et d’autres conceptions du monde holistiques pour identifier à la fois les facteurs qui empêchent une réponse adéquate et le changement de paradigme qui permettrait de les surmonter.
L’écopsychologie ou le souffle poétique d’une révolution intellectuelle
Authors: Taleb Mohammed
Published: January 2021

L’écopsychologie est un nouveau paradigme apparu dans les années 1990 aux États-Unis. Sa thèse principale est l’existence d’un continuum entre la psyché (vie intérieure, âme, conscience/inconscient, jardin secret) et la nature vivante, le cosmos animé. Dans ce continuum, qui repose sur une « unité du monde », circulent des images, des perceptions sensorielles, des sentiments, des pensées, des émotions, des intuitions, des formes. Même si elle est née dans le contexte de la prise de conscience de la gravité du drame environnemental, l’écopsychologie contemporaine peut être explorée selon les voies multiples de la connaissance objective et de l’expérience intérieure, avec la poésie, la parole scientifique, l’art, la spiritualité. Ici les philosophes et écrivains Theodore Roszak et Michel Cazenave seront nos guides.
L’écrit biographique, objet de transmission. Témoignage d’un biographe hospitalier
Authors: Cuynet Patrice , Cuinet Christelle
Published: January 2021

Cet article livre le témoignage d’une « biographe hospitalière » qui rencontre des patients malades, souvent en fin de vie, afin d’accompagner leur souhait de transmettre un écrit, lettres ou livre autobiographique. Les auteurs mettent en valeur la vertu cathartique de l’objet livre et engagent ensuite une réflexion sur les enjeux de cet accompagnement créateur pour le narrateur et sa famille et sur le statut particulier de l’écrit comme objet médiateur dans la transmission de la mémoire familiale. Ainsi, l’objet livre peut notamment venir compenser le manque de ritualité autour de la mort à l’hôpital et apprivoiser l’idée de son proche décès, lui donner un sens, redonner à la personne malade un statut d’être de projet et de désir. Pour ceux qui restent, il est survivance de l’être aimé, trace d’une histoire singulière dans la mémoire collective, repère signifiant, ils devront s’approprier ce legs par des processus conscients ou inconscients d’identification qui impacteront leur construction identitaire.
Le devoir de vigilance : une innovation juridique entre continuités et ruptures
Authors: d’Ambrosio Luca
Published: January 2021

Cette contribution analyse les origines de la notion de « devoir de vigilance ». À cette fin, elle reconstruit les rapports de filiation entre cette notion et celle de « due diligence » , devenue ces derniers temps une notion clé pour caractériser la responsabilité des États et des entreprises concernant les atteintes graves à des valeurs protégées par le droit international (environnement, santé, droits de l’homme, etc.). L’article vise ainsi à repérer les lignes de continuité ainsi que celles de rupture qui marquent l’introduction et la traduction du devoir de vigilance dans le système juridique français : les unes comme les autres permettront en effet de présenter les contours de cette innovation juridique et d’en saisir la portée dans le cadre du plus large processus d’institution d’une responsabilité juridique des entreprises dans l’horizon de la globalisation.
An Economic Analysis of Violent Crime
Authors: Sekeris Petros G. , van Ypersele Tanguy
Published: January 2021

Dans cet article nous développons un modèle théorique permettant de mieux comprendre l’effet des lois sur le contrôle des armes à feu sur les crimes violents liés à l’appropriation de propriété privée. Nous supposons qu’une rencontre violente est coûteuse aussi bien pour un criminel que pour sa victime et nous identifions deux types d’équilibres : un équilibre violent en stratégie pure et un équilibre en stratégie mixte dans le cadre duquel le criminel est dissuadé avec une probabilité strictement positive. L’effet d’un assouplissement de la législation sur les armes à feu dépend du niveau des restrictions légales initiales en la matière, ainsi que du gain d’efficacité relatif de la victime et du criminel. Nous mettons au jour une possible relation en U-inversé entre la souplesse des lois sur les armes à feu et les investissements en activités violentes, ce qui permet de réconcilier des résultats empiriques antérieurs contradictoires.
Traitorous Republic or Friendly Nation. Images of the United States, Patriotic Mobilizations and Nationalisms in the Basque Country in 1898
Authors: Rubio Pobes Coro
Published: January 2021

The Spanish-American War of 1898 produced a wave of Anti-Americanism in all Spain, very closely associated with a heated Spanishist rhetoric. It was also expressed in the Basque Country, but at the same time triggered the discovery by Basque nationalism of the United States as a “friendly nation” (an interpretation present in Basque nationalism throughout all its history). Both Spanish and Basque nationalisms, that existed then in this territory, reacted differently to the outbreak of the war and built opposite ideas of the symbolic meaning of the United States: a traitorous republic or a freeing referent. The aim of this article is to explain, through the Basque press of the period, divergent points of view, as well as the patriotic rhetoric and the popular mobilizations –expression of informal sociability– against the United States raised by the war.
Una entrevista con Antonio Gilman Guillén. Segunda parte
Authors: Vicent García Juan Manuel , Díaz-del-Río Español Pedro , Martínez Navarrete M. Isabel
Published: January 2021

Esta contribución completa la entrevista con Antonio Gilman Guillén, cuya primera parte se publicó en Trabajos de Prehistoria 77 (1). Gilman es Profesor Emérito de la California State University-Northridge (EE. UU.), fue director de Trabajos de Prehistoria (2015-2018) y ha dedicado la mayor parte de su trabajo a la Prehistoria Reciente de la península ibérica. Los temas tratados en esta segunda entrega se agrupan en dos bloques. En el primero de ellos se plasman sus reflexiones sobre la experiencia de su relación con la Arqueología española. Se repasan sus opiniones sobre la arqueología tradicional bajo el franquismo, el proceso de modernización, con sus rasgos específicos, y las tendencias recientes y los cambios más relevantes en el registro arqueológico. Estas cuestiones se abordan desde su experiencia como investigador extranjero en España y sus propias contribuciones científicas. También se presta atención a su actividad como recopilador crítico de la cronología radiocarbónica ibérica. El segundo bloque se dedica al contexto intelectual de su práctica arqueológica. Se discuten sus raíces en la segunda generación de la New Archaeology y las aportaciones del marxismo a la consolidación de un funcionalismo crítico con sentido histórico y sus referentes teóricos en la obra de autores como Childe, Adams o Wolf. Se examinan en este contexto sus puntos de vista en relación con algunos de los temas que definen el campo de su trabajo como prehistoriador: los problemas del origen de la desigualdad social y el Estado, las formas políticas de las “sociedades intermedias” y la “Revolución del Paleolítico Superior”. Se hace referencia también a los desafíos que presenta el desarrollo de la “ciencia arqueológica” y particularmente la paleogenética, y su influencia en el retorno de la arqueología histórico-cultural y difusionista. Finalmente, se valora la contraposición entre las tradiciones del historicismo europeo y la Arqueología antropológica norteamericana y el momento actual de esta última.
Píxeles de piedra. Visibilidad y ocultación en el oppidum de San Cibrán de Las (Ourense)
Authors: Fábrega-Álvarez Pastor
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo discute la simulación como estrategia de análisis espacial en Arqueología. A partir del uso combinado de tecnologías geoespaciales, se propone el estudio, a gran escala, de la estructura visual de un sitio arqueológico. La propuesta se desarrolla en el oppidum de San Cibrán de Las (Ourense), en donde se analiza la permeabilidad visual de su estructura en el paisaje. La metodología desarrollada usa distintos recursos para entender cómo la construcción del poblado pudo condicionar la percepción visual desde dentro y desde fuera. Mediante la manipulación de un modelo digital del terreno (MDT) se construyen distintos escenarios que son analizados a partir de cálculos sistemáticos de visibilidad. Los resultados se orientan a la interpretación de la visibilidad y ocultación de la acción social en los distintos espacios del poblado durante la Edad del Hierro.
Concept of Preparing in-Demand Staff for the Priority Social and Economic Development Areas in Further Education
Authors: Lizunkov Vladislav G. , Politsinskaya Ekaterina V. , Yagova Evgenia Yu
Published: January 2021

The article sets out the theoretical foundations and presents the practical results of introducing the concept of staff training demanded Priority Social and Economic Development Areas in the higher education system. In substantiating the concept, the authors single out its mechanisms, organizational and pedagogical conditions founding the organizational and pedagogical model of in-demand staff training in the system of higher and supplementary vocational education. It has been established that such organizational and pedagogical conditions include: the creation of educational and production clusters; intensification of student educational activities; an individual approach to each student; involving students in activities close to real professional activities. The article presents the results of testing the proposed model.
Experience of Conducting Online Test During COVID-19 Lockdown: A Case Study of NMIMS University
Authors: Idnani Drishti , Kubadia Arpit , Jain Yash , Churi Prathamesh P
Published: January 2021

The extent of COVID 19 pandemic results in closing down the universities and colleges across the world. The most vulnerable of tuition-dependent institutions, particularly the ones already facing demographically driven declines in demand, will be the hardest hit by the pandemic. The online teaching learning and assessment at this time becomes a crucial part of education. Taking the online test was crucial as lots of malpractices would happen. The developing countries like India, where the advancement of e-learning, online education, MOOC has not reached its peak level, the assessment and evaluation of students becomes very difficult. Due to unforeseen situation like COVID-19 lockdown, the above paper shares a fruitful experience of conducting online case study-based paper and its online evaluation. The case study was conducted in the classrooms of the undergraduate class of NMIMS University for Multimedia Systems Course. This case study-based paper leaves with the message of acceptability of the online teaching-learning and its effect near the future.
Engineering Curriculum in Support of Industry 4.0
Authors: Eppes Tom A. , Milanovic Ivana , Jamshidi Reihaneh , Shetty Devdas
Published: January 2021

The paper discusses how multiphysics simulations and applications are being used to build essential skills in preparation for entry into an Industry 4.0 workforce. In a highly networked and collaborative human/machine cyberspace, some important competencies for engineering graduates include the ability to: (1) explore design options and results easily between suites of software, (2) predict and visualize performance of complex problems in the beginning phase of the design process, and (3) identify and optimize key parameters prior to fabrication. We describe how integrated project- and inquiry-based learning in the context of a simulation environment and across the curriculum is improving student readiness and transition into industry. Our paper offers a template of how to transition into a curriculum that produces newly minted engineers better equipped to engage in complex design. Examples of project assignments, assessment methods, and student work are discussed as well as future plans.
Smart Sensor Network-Based Autonomous Fire Extinguish Robot Using IoT
Authors: Radha D. , Arun Kumar M. , Telagam Nagarjuna , Sabarimuthu M.
Published: January 2021

Fire explosion is among the main reasons for death in the world. The urban spaces have a lot of population, many systems have control over fire detection but not over control of fire due to lack of functionalities.  The operation of the robot depends on the android application on the smartphone. It can also be communicated using Wireless fidelity technology. The motion detection technology is embedded in it, which can identify the objects or obstacles. With Arduino microcontroller and IoT technology, this robot can send emergency alerts in critical conditions, explore the compounds, and effectively check for the fire. The entire robot was contained in the sensor-based network, and if the sensors fail to detect, the robot still will operate and extinguish fire with the help of an inbuilt camera. Finally, this robot is tested for operation in automated mode and live video buffering capability.
Da fábrica sorocabana ao conglomerado nacional: uma análise da história do Grupo Votorantim (1891-1980)
Authors: Silva Gustavo Pereira da , Dalla Costa Armando João
Published: January 2021

A Votorantim, um dos principais grupos empresariais atuando na economia brasileira, tem sua origem que remonta ao ano de 1891, quando o banco União de São Paulo criou a Fábrica Têxtil Votorantim no município paulista de Sorocaba. Com a falência do banco União em 1917, a empresa foi leiloada e, nos anos subsequentes, seu controle acionário foi adquirido pelo português Antonio Pereira Ignácio, um importante industrial do setor têxtil paulista e que fez da Votorantim a principal firma do ramo têxtil algodoeiro de São Paulo nas décadas de 1920 e 1930. Todavia, a partir dos anos 1930, o Grupo Votorantim passou a concentrar esforços no setor de bens intermediários – cimento, produtos químicos, alumínio, aço e ferro – através da constituição das seguintes empresas: Fábrica de Cimento Santa Helena (1936), Siderúrgica Barra Mansa (1937), Cia. Nitro-Química (1937) e a Cia. Brasileira de Alumínio (1955). Tendo em vista a escassez de análises sobre como teria se dado a conversão do Grupo Votorantim do setor de bens de consumo finais à indústria de base, o artigo aborda esta guinada realçando: a correlação entre o Grupo e o projeto industrializante do presidente Getúlio Vargas, os recursos produtivos preexistentes e a expertise industrial de seus dirigentes. A pesquisa calca-se em documentação primária constituída de: relatórios da diretoria do Grupo Votorantim, demonstrações de lucros e perdas e balanços patrimoniais. Como resultado, o artigo traz uma contribuição ao debate sobre a formação de grupos econômicos em economias periféricas, ao demonstrar que, no caso da Votorantim, a geração de receitas pelo próprio Grupo foi o instrumento principal de financiamento à criação das novas empresas no setor de bens intermediários do Brasil.
A ética da nulificação: práticas e representações do a-sujeitamento na literatura e no cinema
Authors: Lima Frederico Osanam Amorim
Published: January 2021

Este artigo é o resultado de uma investigação sobre como a literatura e o cinema representaram as práticas de nulificação ao longo da modernidade. Ele procura dar uma compreensão sobre como as expressões artísticas, notadamente a literatura e o cinema, questionaram/questionam a condição de sujeição do homem moderno, revelando pontos de diferença e semelhança nos mecanismos de captura do corpo pelo poder. Trata-se de uma “genealogia da nulificação”. Um estudo que buscou, entre outras coisas, compreender como o comportamento, ao longo da modernidade, foi teorizado, ficcionalizado, apresentado e denunciado sob a óptica da nulificação, do dócil, da sujeição. Partindo, de um ponto de vista empírico, da obra de Étienne de La Boétie, passando por livros de Franz Kafka e chegando até um romance de Assis Brasil, no âmbito literário, e entre os filmes Aniki-bóbó (1942), Alphaville (1965) e o curta argentino El empleo (2008), no cinema, o propósito foi estudar, numa relação entre História, Literatura e Cinema, as práticas e representações do poder, e como elas se expressaram de formas variadas ao longo do tempo. Para compreender esta variedade de estilos, portanto, o artigo trabalha com uma noção ampla de literatura e cinema, como forma de dar vazão às experiências artísticas mais variadas de escrita e de filmagem. Teoricamente, a noção de nulificação é abordada à luz dos desdobramentos da obra do filósofo e historiador francês Michel Foucault.
Key Enablers Assessment to Implement Industry 4.0 Technologies in the Future for the Turkish Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Çalık Ahmet
Published: January 2021

Industry 4.0 (I4.0), which reshapes traditional production and operation methods and causes companies to be under digital transformation, is currently an evolving research topic. Although advanced technologies can be easily adopted by large companies. In particular, there are still challenges in the adoption and implementation of I4.0 technologies in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study examines the readiness of companies in the machinery manufacturing industry to implement I4.0 technologies in the context of SMEs. To achieve this goal, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach including the pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (PFAHP) and fuzzy VIKOR (FVIKOR) is proposed. First, existing readiness models linked to the implementation of I4.0 technologies have been studied to specify key enablers. Then, the PFAHP method is used to obtain weights of enablers on I4.0 technologies. Finally, FVIKOR is applied to obtain ranking for five companies. A case study is conducted to measure the level of readiness of five manufacturing companies in Konya.
Non-Financial Reporting for SMEs and the Crisis 2019-nCoV
Authors: Nesheva-Kiosseva Ninel Ivanova
Published: January 2021

This chapter seeks to examine, above all, the need to create a model for non-financial reporting of small and medium-sized enterprises during an externally triggered pandemic crisis. The study attempts to defend the need for another philosophy of non-financial reporting of small and medium-sized enterprises – that of creating information that serves the state and local authorities to support them effectively. This is because then these small and medium enterprises are able to prepare without unbearable workload and costs and which will support the anti-crisis management of small and medium enterprises themselves. With this, the authors aim to create a link between the state and company anti-crisis management of small and medium-sized enterprises in a pandemic crisis.
Post-COVID-19 Business Strategies to Combat Challenges of Colombian MSMEs
Authors: Pérez-Uribe Rafael Ignacio , Ramirez-Garzon Maria Teresa , Ramirez-Salazar Maria Del Pilar
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 has placed the MSMEs of the world and Latin America in a difficult situation. With the region's economies in the middle of the march, many of them have been liquidated or their activity has been drastically reduced, reflected in lower incomes, among other situations. Faced with this situation, the governments of the countries have developed actions to protect the health of the population and the economy of the countries. This chapter presents and analyzes the strategies that have been developed and are being developed in times of the pandemic and are going to be developed in the post-COVID period by Colombian micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs).
Costruire una società digitale inclusiva per le persone con disabilità. Nuove sfide e potenzialità future,
Authors: Carola Ricci
Published: January 2021

Il volume Costruire una società digitale inclusiva per le persone con disabilità. Nuove sfide e potenzialità future, a cura di Carola ricci (Università degli Studi di Pavia, dipartimento di Scienze Politiche e Sociali) e pubblicato nel 2019 dalla Pavia University Press in formato open access, è uno dei risultati del progetto Costruire una società digitale inclusiva per le persone vulnerabili: The Role of Social Media Tools in a Disability Human Rights Perspective - BIDS, finanziato dall'Università degli Studi di Pavia con il bando blue Sky research 2017.
All’alba di un nuovo mondo
Authors: Angelo Panebianco  , Sergio Belardinelli
Published: January 2021

Angelo Panebianco e Sergio Belardinelli, rispettivamente ordinario di scienza politica presso l’Università di bologna e ordinario di sociologia dei processi culturali e comunicativi presso il campus di Forlì del medesimo ateneo, hanno insieme dato alle stampe questo volume breve, ma assai denso. Essendo afferenti a discipline diverse, il taglio dei loro contributi al tema dell’Europa, dell’Occidente e della crisi del mondo moderno assume caratteri differenti sì, ma pienamente complementari. Se il primo si focalizza sulle dinamiche politiche e geopolitiche, mentre il secondo su quelle culturali, entrambi prediligono un approccio che definiscono “realismo liberale”.
Una Unione divisiva. Una prospettiva centro-periferia della crisi europea
Authors: Celi Giuseppe , Andrea Ginzburg  , Dario Guarascio  , Annamaria Simonazzi
Published: January 2021

La storia dell’integrazione europea resta ancora oggi, a sessantatré anni dalla fondazione della Comunità Economica Europea, uno dei temi fondamentali per comprendere l’Unione e i suoi sviluppi politici. Molti dei conflitti, delle tensioni, dei problemi strutturali e delle inefficienze che si riconducono all’Unione Europea, così come anche molti dei successi e delle fortune, sono realmente comprensibili soltanto con una conoscenza della storia delle istituzioni europee e della progressiva integrazione degli Stati Membri.
Exploring new frontiers
Authors: Goswami Jyotsna , Lal Jatin , Bhosale Guruprasad P , Sinha Aparna , Madhavi Julakanti
Published: January 2021

Unlike previous years, Anaesthesiology today is a major speciality encompassing many areas of modern medicine. Advent of various surgical sub-specialities resulted into the emergence of anaesthesia sub-specialities, as every group of surgery has specific need. Choosing the best-suited speciality is a complex matter. For that, one needs to have an idea about each one of them. A postgraduate anaesthesiology student does not have adequate exposure to choose the speciality. This article will give an overview of two important sub-specialities i.e., Organ Transplant Anaesthesia and Bariatric Anaesthesia.
Emergency medicine – A great career field for the anaesthesiologist!
Authors: Ramesh Aruna , Mehdiratta Lalit , Parimal Tarlika , Sahu Sandeep , Bajwa Sukhminder Jit Singh
Published: January 2021

Emergency Medicine (EM) is a fast upcoming medical speciality wherein patients presenting with emergent life-saving medical and surgical problems are managed. Emergency physicians are first-line providers of emergency care. They diagnose important clinical conditions even before completing patient assessment, order investigations, interventions, resuscitation and treatment for life-threatening acute conditions. There are several interesting sub-specialisations of EM like trauma care, disaster medicine, toxicology, ultrasonography, critical care medicine, hyperbaric medicine, etc. In some countries, the speciality of EM is a popular choice among medical students; whereas in some other countries, the speciality is now evolving. In India, the speciality is growing fast; Nonetheless, the National Medical Commission has made the existence of the department of EM compulsory in all medical colleges in India from the session of 2022-23. Anaesthesiologists suit the speciality of EM because they have quick decision making skills and swift reflexes as well as diverse knowledge and skills in the fields of critical care, resuscitation and pain management. This article written by anaesthesiologists working in the field of EM, attempts to guide the postgraduate students wanting to take up a career in EM.
Private practice in anaesthesia
Authors: Mehta Ritul , Choksi Tushar , Gupta Pranav , Bhargava Saurabh , Bajwa Sukhminder Jit Singh
Published: January 2021

The idea of a 'private practising anaesthesiologist'is generally that of a busy practitioner running from case to case, from one nursing home to the other, at all times of the day and night with no time for academics, teaching and family life.But is that really so? Is taking up a career in private practice going to be so full of hardships?There are several advantages of choosing private practice in anaesthesia. To survive in private practice, you need to be very confident in your work, skilful, punctual and good in communication. You can be your own master as a private practitioner. Private practice in anaesthesia is both challenging and interesting. This article, written by private practitioners in anaesthesia who have gone through the exciting and mundane phases of private practice examines the pro and cons of private practice; this can possibly help postgraduate students contemplating to take up private practice as a career.
Onco-Anaesthesiology and palliative medicine
Authors: Jain Parmanand , Balkrishanan Kalpana , Nayak Sukdev , Gupta Nishkarsh , Shah Shagun
Published: January 2021

Global cancer burden is on the rise and many more patients present for surgery or other oncological diagnostic or therapeutic interventions requiring anaesthesia. Oncology therapy is unique as it requires a multidisciplinary team of surgical, medical and radiation oncologists apart from palliative medicine (PM) specialists, and anaesthesiologists. Anaesthetic management can affect the outcome of oncology treatment both by ensuring early return to oncology treatment and some anaesthetic techniques being innately associated with recurrence. Hence, the time has come for a separate super-speciality of onco-anaesthesiology to cater to the complex unmet needs of cancer patients. PM is the fourth dimension of oncology care and so mandatory education and training should be included in the undergraduate curriculum.
Chloroquine nasal drops in asymptomatic & mild COVID-19
Authors: Thakar Alok , Panda Smriti , Sakthivel Pirabu , Brijwal Megha , Dhakad Shivram , Choudekar Avinash , Kanodia Anupam , Bhatnagar Sushma , Mohan Anant , Maulik Subir K. , Dar Lalit
Published: January 2021

Background & objectives:

Chloroquine (CQN) administered as nasal drops has the potential to achieve much greater local tissue levels than with oral/systemic administration. This trial was undertaken to study the efficacy and safety profile of topical nasal administration of CQN drops in reducing viral load and preventing clinical progression in early COVID-19 infection.

Methods:

This randomized clinical trial was done with a sample size of 60. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed asymptomatic patients or those with mild COVID-19 illness [National Early Warning Score (NEWS) ≤4] were included. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 manner. Control arm (standard supportive treatment, n=30) was compared with intervention arm (n=30) of standard treatment plus CQN eye drops (0.03%) repurposed as nasal drops administered six times daily (0.5 ml/dose) for 10 days. Outcome measures were adverse events and adherence; clinical progression and outcomes were measured by NEWS; sequential RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values were also noted on days 0, 3, 7 and 10.

Results:

Nasal CQN was associated with local irritation in seven and non-compliance in one of 30 patients. Eleven patients were excluded due to enrolment error (2 – recovered; 9 – false-positive referral), and 49 patients were analyzed as per modified intention-to-treat analysis. Clinical recovery was noted as similar with 100 per cent asymptomatic by day seven in both arms. Virological outcomes also indicated similarly improving Ct values in both arms, and similar proportion of patients transitioning to non-infectivity by day 10 (controls - 19/25; nasal CQN - 15/24). Nine false-positive patients with enrolment error and day 0 RT-PCR negative were initially uninfected but had continuing COVID-19 exposure and treatment as per randomization. Patients receiving nasal CQN (n=5) demonstrated stable Ct values from day 0 to 10, while patients with no nasal CQN (n=4) demonstrated significant dip in Ct value indicating to infection (Ct<35) and infectivity (Ct<33).

Interpretation & conclusions:

The present study suggests to the potential of topical nasal CQN in the prevention of COVID-19 infection if administered before the infection is established. No significant differences in clinical or virological outcome were however, demonstrated in patients with mild but established illness.
Current intravitreal therapy and ocular hypertension
Authors: Sudhalkar Aditya , Bilgic Alper , Vasavada Shail , Kodjikian Laurent , Mathis Thibaud , de Ribot Fransesc March , Papakostas Thanos , Vasavada Viraj , Vasavada Vaishali , Srivastava Samaresh , Bhojwani Deepak , Ghia Pooja , Sudhalkar Anand
Published: January 2021

To determine the effect of commonly used intravitreal agents on immediate and long-term IOP elevations and their association, if any, with glaucoma. Literature searches in PubMed and the Cochrane databased in January 2020 yielded 407 individual articles. Of these, 87 were selected for review based on our inclusion criteria. Based on the evidence provided, 20 were assigned level I, 27 level II, and 22 level III. Eight articles were rejected because of poor quality, insufficient clarity, or irrelevance based on standardized protocols set out by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. The studies that reported on short-term IOP elevation (i.e., between 0 and 60 min) showed that an immediate increase in IOP is seen in all patients who receive anti-VEGF agents or triamcinolone acetonide when measured between 0 and 30 min of intravitreal injection and that the IOP elevation decreases over time. The data on long-term IOP elevation were mixed; Pretreatment with glaucoma medications, anterior chamber tap, vitreous reflux, longer intervals between injections, and longer axial lengths were associated with lower IOP elevations after injection of anti-VEGF agents, while the position of the implant vis-à-vis, the anterior chamber was important for steroid therapy. Data were mixed on the relationship between IOP increase and the type of intravitreal injection, number of intravitreal injections, preexisting glaucoma, and globe decompression before injection. There were no data on the onset or progression of glaucoma in the studies reviewed in this assessment. However, some studies demonstrated RNFL thinning in patients receiving chronic anti-VEGF therapy. Most, if not all, intravitreal agents cause ocular hypertension, both in the short term and long term. The functional consequences of these observations are not very clear.
Endoscopic visualization-assisted corneal bee sting removal
Authors: Tyagi Mudit , Reddy Subhakar , Basu Sayan , Pappuru Rajeev R , Dave Vivek P
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

Deeply embedded corneal foreign bodies and intrastromal foreign body removal can often be a challenge. The aim of this report was to describe the utility of endoscopy in visualization and removal of an embedded corneal bee stinger.

Methods:

A 44-year-old male patient developed toxic keratopathy after injury from a bee stinger. On examination, the bee stinger was noted to be deeply embedded in the corneal stroma. A superficial keratectomy was initially attempted; however, the stinger was noted to be intrastromal and protruding into the anterior chamber and could not be removed. An Endoscopy-assisted visualization was used to remove the stinger.

Results:

The bee stinger was successfully removed and the patient's vision improved to 20/100 from an initial CFCF (counting fingers close to face) at time of presentation. At the end of 3 months follow-up, there was residual corneal edema along with cataractous changes in the lens as a sequelae of the initial bee sting injury. The patient subsequently underwent an endothelial keratoplasty along with phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and the final BCVA improved to 20/40.

Conclusion:

Endoscopyassisted visualisation of anterior chamber and angle structures can be valuable in removal of retained and deeply embedded corneal or intracameral foreign bodies.
Presumed herpes simplex virus endotheliitis following ultra-thin Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Sharma Ashok , Sharma Rajan
Published: January 2021

A 78-year-old male underwent ultra.thin DSAEK for PBK (OS) and achieved BCVA 6/12 at 9 months. The patient developed allograft rejection 10 months postoperatively and was treated with IV methyl prednisolone, systemic, and topical steroids. The patient then improved and achieved 6/18 BCVA at 8 weeks. Topical prednisolone 1% twice daily was continued. Six weeks later, the patient developed fever and diminished vision and had high IOP, corneal edema, and keratic precipitates on endothelium. Considering it to as second episode of graft rejection, IV methyl prednisolone and topical steroids were given. Seeing no response, presumed HSV endotheliitis was considered as diagnosis and treated with steroids, oral acyclovir. The patient improved and achieved BCVA 6/24 with no subsequent recurrence during 11 months follow-up.
Mucor in a Viral Land
Authors: Sen Mrittika , Lahane Sumeet , Lahane Tatyarao P , Parekh Ragini , Honavar Santosh G
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

COVID-19 infection, its treatment, resultant immunosuppression, and pre-existing comorbidities have made patients vulnerable to secondary infections including mucormycosis. It is important to understand the presentation, temporal sequence, risk factors, and outcomes to undertake measures for prevention and treatment.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective, interventional study on six consecutive patients with COVID-19 who developed rhino-orbital mucormycosis and were managed at two tertiary ophthalmic referral centers in India between August 1 and December 15, 2020. Diagnosis of mucormycosis was based on clinical features, culture, and histopathology from sinus biopsy. Patients were treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B with addition of posaconazole and surgical debridement of necrotic tissue.

Results:

All patients were male, mean age 60.5 ± 12 (46.2–73.9) years, type 2 diabetics with mean blood glucose level of 222.5 ± 144.4 (86–404) mg/dL. Except for one patient who was diagnosed with mucormycosis concurrently with COVID-19, all patients received systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19. The mean duration between diagnosis of COVID-19 and development of symptoms of mucor was 15.6 ± 9.6 (3–42) days. All patients underwent endoscopic sinus debridement, whereas two patients required orbital exenteration. At the last follow-up, all six patients were alive, on antifungal therapy.

Conclusion:

Mucormycosis is a life-threatening, opportunistic infection, and patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 are more susceptible to it. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and use of corticosteroids increase the risk of invasive fungal infection with mucormycosis which can develop during the course of the illness or as a sequelae. High index of suspicion, early diagnosis, and appropriate management can improve survival.