bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The axiological component of the metaphor in medical online communication (based on the French language)
Authors: Barasheva Lidia Gennadievna
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the axiological components of metaphors in medical communication. Using metaphors in online medical communication in the French language as an example, aspects of evaluation and value of the axiological component of medical activity are represented. The study aims to identify the axiological component of medical online communication contained in the metaphor. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that metaphors in medical online communication were analyzed taking into account the main axiological components of medical activity with an emphasis on the evaluative and value components contained in the metaphors under consideration. As a result, it was found that in modern online medical communication, the axiological components of medical activity are represented through the metaphor. Among these components, the aspect of evaluation and the aspect of value are separately highlighted. The research material is represented by the metaphors found in the French online space and structured according to the semantic feature. The work is based on the principle of classification that corresponds to the transfer of meaning from the source domain of the metaphor to the target domain through a common semantic feature.
Metaphorical representation of the VERITE/TRUTH concept in the individual authorial consciousness of G. Flaubert
Authors: Rozanova Natalia Feliksovna
Published: November 2024

The study aims to determine the characteristics of metaphorical representations of the VERITE/TRUTH concept within the individual authorial consciousness of Gustave Flaubert. The article examines and analyzes the main features of the VERITE/TRUTH concept from the perspective of Flaubert’s individual authorial consciousness based on his work “The Temptation of Saint Anthony”. The study reveals the specific features of Flaubert’s individual authorial approach to interpreting the characteristics of the investigated concept based on the internal form of the main representant of the concept. The study is novel in that it is the first one to explore the VERITE/TRUTH concept by applying the theory of cognitive metaphor within the space of conceptual and individual-authorial worldview. As a result of the study, the specific features of the metaphorical representation of the VERITE/TRUTH concept in Flaubert’s individual authorial consciousness were determined. The article examines the formation of a creative personality, which is a dynamic process conditioned by the author’s worldview, a process that takes place within the space of cultural tradition. The VERITE/TRUTH concept is a fundamental concept of the author’s worldview, expressing his perception of the world, as well as acting as a regulator of social and individual-ethical behavior. Studying the moral-value concept of VERITE/TRUTH allows determining methods for analyzing language phenomena related to ways of revealing knowledge about the process of formation of a creative personality, finding implementation in language.
The correspondence between S. A. Tolstaya and T. A. Kuzminskaya: A biographical aspect of study
Authors: Gorodilova Natalia Ivanovna
Published: November 2024

The research aims to reveal the plot-thematic and stylistic peculiarities of the unpublished correspondence between S. A. Tolstaya and T. A. Kuzminskaya (the 1870s). The article considers the epistolary as a key document that helps to recreate not only the biographical, but also the socio-historical, cultural context of the life and work of Leo Tolstoy. The scientific novelty of the research lies, firstly, in the fact that the letters are considered not as additional material to the writer’s personal testimonies, but as an independent epistolary source that reflects the life of a certain social circle; secondly, in the fact that the correspondence is studied as a holistic phenomenon: letters are interpreted not unilaterally, isolated from each other, but in the context of dialogue, live conversation, and taking into account the analysis of the relationships between the correspondents. As a result of the research, the thematic range of the correspondence was revealed, focused on family and household interests. The epistolary style of the correspondents was analyzed and it was proven that both the selection of events and the manner of their presentation reveal bright and extraordinary characters. The confession letter, the diary letter of Sophia Tolstaya and the plot letter with a chain of entertaining stories by Tatyana Kuzminskaya were compared.
EXPLAINING TOURIST SATISFACTION WITH COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM IN THE MEKONG DELTA REGION, VIETNAM
Authors:   School of Economics, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam, NGUYEN Quoc Nghi , MAI Van Nam ,   School of Graduate, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam, HOANG Thi Hong Loc ,   School of Economics, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
Published: November 2024

In the Mekong Delta region (Vietnam), community-based tourism is developing and achieving impressive results. To maintain this success, community tourism sites should pay special attention to improving tourist satisfaction. Therefore, this study aims to demonstrate the factors influencing tourist satisfaction with community-based tourism in the Mekong Delta region (Vietnam). A mixed research method was used, combining qualitative and quantitative research to test the research hypotheses. The research data were collected using a convenient sampling with a sample size of 350 tourists who had experienced community-based tourism services in the Mekong Delta region. The research results have pointed out 08 factors that positively affect tourist satisfaction with community-based tourism in the Mekong Delta region, including trust, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, tangible facilities, perceived price, cultural interaction, and local cuisine. Among these, the trust factor has the most powerful impact on tourist satisfaction. Several management implications have been proposed for community tourism sites to enhance service quality and tourist satisfaction with community-based tourism in the Mekong Delta region, Vietnam.
PRECISE FEATURES OF RAILROAD ENTERPRISES' LONG-TERM ASSET ORGANIZATION BASED ON INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Authors: Khurshid Mamasobirovich Misirov
Published: November 2024

In the article, accounting for long-term assets for the organization of accounting of railway enterprises based on IFRS, bookkeeping accounting, formation of financial statements and fixed assets, attention is focused on aspects of improving the accounting of intangible assets, long-term financial investments.
WAYS TO IMPLEMENT THE VOLUME OF PRODUCTION AND SALES OF PRODUCTS IN THE FINANCIAL MARKET THROUGH INTEREST AND PROFITABILITY RATES
Authors: Firdavs Farxod ugli Kazakov
Published: November 2024

In the final part of the analysis of product production and sales, it is necessary to determine the possibilities of increasing the volume of the product at the expense of the internal possibilities that have not been used. Opportunities to increase product production and sales are improvements in the use of enterprise resources that have a quantitative dimension. We systematically search for additional opportunities to increase the volume of production and sales.
Adoption Restraints in Mobile Banking with Reference to India
Authors: Deepa Damodaran  , R. Regin  , S. Suman Rajest
Published: November 2024

The number of people using mobile banking has been steadily growing over the past few years. Most of the time, this is the case in countries that are still developing or underdeveloped. It is proposed to investigate the comparative significance and distinctive influence of communication channels on customers' theories and attitudes regarding the adoption of mobile banking in India. This is despite the fact that the technology that provides services to the satisfaction of the user has not yet been investigated. "Perceived usefulness, perceived credibility, impact of communication channels, interpersonal networks, mass media, and social media" are the five primary variables that are incorporated into the study from a variety of perspectives. In the findings, it was discovered that the most important factors that influence the consumer's intention are the convenience of use and the cost. Banks ought to raise greater awareness and make it easier for customers to utilise themselves.
الرئيس أنسون جونز ودوره في عملية ضم تكساس للولايات المتحدة الأمريكية (1844-1846)
Authors: نور محسن سلطان العتابي م.م. , علي خيري مطرود الكناني أ. د.
Published: November 2024

بعد إعلان استقلال تكساس عام 1836م، قرر سكانها لأسباب داخلية وخارجية تأسيس جمهورية مستقلة بهم، ومنذ الأيام الأولى لاستقلالهم سعى سكان تكساس إلى الانضمام مع الاتحاد الأمريكي بحثاً عن الأمن والحماية والكثير من المزايا الأخرى التي ستحقق لهم في حال انضمامهم للولايات المتحدة الأمريكية وهو ما حدث في نهاية المطاف عام 1846م في عهد الرئيس أنسون جونز.
   لقد أضاف ذلك الحدث منافع استراتيجية واقتصادية هائلة إلى الاتحاد الأمريكي إلى جانب كونها امتداداً طبيعياً لحدود الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية ووجودها القاري، وما امتلكته من ثروات ومزايا، مكنتها من تعزيز وجودها ومكانتها العالمية.
التوزيع المكاني لمراكز وملاكات الدفاع المدني في محافظة واسط
Authors: عبد الغني مجيد الكاظمي منى , الضاري عطا الله السعدون عبد الجليل
Published: November 2024

يمثل التوزيع المكاني لأي ظاهرة على سطح الارض نقطة البداية في الدراسات الجغرافية لذا فان الاهتمام بالتوزيع الجغرافي للخدمات وخاصة خدمات الدفاع المدني يُعّد من العوامل المهمة في تحديد فعالية هذه الخدمات، لذا تتوزع مراكز الدفاع المدني في محافظة واسط بواقع (9) مراكز، وهناك مركز الطوارئ والاسناد ويسمى (رتل الطوارئ) وهو مركز داعم للمراكز التسعة، فضلا عن وجود مجموعة من مفارز الاطفاء تسمى بـ (المفارز الدائمة ) التي تكون موقعها ثابت وهي تابعة في عملها الى مراكز الدفاع المدني، وأنَّ مديرية الدفاع المدني تكون المسؤولة عن جميع مراكز الدفاع المدني في المحافظة، وبالتالي فأن هذه المراكز تعنى بحماية السكان وممتلكاتهم من حوادث الحرائق والكوارث الطبيعية والمخاطر الصناعية والحوادث المختلفة.
شعرية الانزياح التركيبي للتقديم والتأخير في الشعر الصرفي
Authors: محمد رضا ضرغام , خلباص حمادي اسماعيل
Published: November 2024

إنّ الشعرية التي يتسم بها نصٌ أدبي ما , تُعزى إلى خصائصه الفنية التي تنتقل به من مستوى اللغة المقتصر على التوصيل والاخبار إلى الايحاء والتأثير , ومما لاشك فيه أن الانزياحات على مستوياتها كافة تشكل السبل التي تؤسس لمفهوم الشعرية , وتوشحه بالإطار الأدبي الفني , كون الانزياح يحطم اللغة العادية ويخلق لغة سامية شعرية على أنقاضها .
   ويعد الانزياح على مستوى التركيب أحد أهم الوسائل التي يعمد إليها المبدع لضرب أستار اللغة القائمة على المواضعة , فالمبدع عند تكوينه لجملة لغوية يقوم بعمليتين متكاملتين , الأولى قائمة على الاختيار في مفردات مخزونه اللغوي , والثانية تعتمد التنظيم لما أختاره , بما يلائم النسق الذي يدور فيه الكلام , فاللغة لها نظامها الذي يحكمها , الذي يعتمد نظاما مطّردا قائمًا على تجاور المسند للمسند إليه , فالخبر يجاور المبتدأ , والفاعل يجاور الفعل والمفعول به ... الخ ويحكم نظام اللغة هذا الاطراد , أما المبدع فلا يلجأ إلى هذا الاطّراد , بل يسعى لكسره وينتهك تلك القوانين , ليخلق طبيعة مختلفة للنص عن النظام المطّرد([1])  .
    ولتحديد مدى الانزياحات التركيبية لنص ما , لابد من تحديد نقطة الصفر أو درجة الصفر من طرف المعيار النحوي للغة الطبيعية , وفي مقابل ذلك ينشأ نحوٌ ثانٍ يصف مختلف إمكانيات التغيير  وهو يمثل معيارا بلاغيا([2]), وهو ما أكده الجرجاني بقوله " اعلم أن ليس النظم إلا تضع كلامك الوضع الذي يقتضيه علم النحو  وتعمل على قوانينه وأصوله , وتعرف مناهجه التي نهجت فلا تزيغ عنها , وتحفظ الرسوم التي رسمت لك , فلا تخل بشيء منها "([3]) .
   أما المعيار البلاغي المتمثل في الانزياح التركيبي فتحدده درجات الانحراف عن المعيار اللغوي الموضوع, ولا يحدث هذا الانحراف كيفما أتفق أو بعشوائية , لكن " أن تتحد أجزاء الكلام ويدخل بعضها في بعض , ويشتد ارتباط ثانٍ بأول ... وأن يكون حالُك فيها حال الباني يضع بيمينه هاهنا في حالٍ ما يضع بيساره هناك"([4]) .
  وتعددت طرق الخرق التركيبي لقواعد النحو المعيارية لاجتياز سواتر اللغة ودك حصونها , ولاشك أن الصوفي أفاد من ثغرات القواعد النحوية للنفاذ منها , وتشكيل معيار خاص به كولوجه عبر التأويلات الدينية لتثبيت دعائم طريقته الخاصة , فالتقديم والتأخير والوصل والفصل والحذف والسياق وغيرها من الخروقات البنائية لهيكل اللغة  شكلت أهم أدوات المبدع الصوفي التي أسهمت في أضفاء الطابع الفني لنصوصه التي كثيرا ما أتهمها الأخرون بالغموض والشطح , ويحاول الباحث أن يضع بعضا من النصوص الصوفية تحت مجهر التحليل الاسلوبي الفني ( الجمالي )   للوقوف على ما تحمله تلك النصوص من سمات تقربها من الشعرية الفنية لا التأويلية الفلسفية.
اثر حقل الغراف النفطي على صلاحية المياه للاستخدامات المختلفة في قضاء الغراف
Authors: عودة عبد الله الحجامي سناء , خيون خضير المحميد عبد الرزاق
Published: November 2024

تم في البحث اخذ (6) عينات مياه وبمواقع مختلفة من الموارد المائية المتوفرة في منطقة الدراسة وهي المورد الاول نهر الغراف والمورد الثاني المصب العام , ثم اجريت مجموعة من الفحوصات لتحديد صلاحية المياه للاغراض المختلفة  مثل الكادميوم و النيكل و الرصاص والنحاس والكوبلت قورنت النتائج مع المواصفات القياسية لمياه الشرب وري المحاصيل الزراعية وري الحيوانات ولاغراض البناء , اظهرت النتائج عدم صلاحية هذه المياه لاغراض الشرب بسبب المحتوى العالي من الاملاح والعسرة الشديدة اذ تجتاوزت المواصفات القياسية ,  كذلك هو الحال بالنسبة لري المحاصيل الزراعية ايضا تبين انها غير صالحة , بينما تبين من خلال النتائج المختبرية انها صالحة لشرب الحيوانات واعمال البناء .
أصوات نسائية في أعقاب حرب العراق من رواية موسم الذئب للكاتبة هيلين بنديكت
Authors: رياض خضير مشعب البديري الباحث , أزهر حميد منخي ا.د.
Published: November 2024

كتبت روائيات أمريكيات روايات عن حرب العراق تعبر عن منظور نادرًا ما نواجهه في أدب الحرب الحديث. هيلين بنديكت هي إحدى الروائيات اللاتي استخدمن الخيال لتصوير حرب العراق، خاصة من خلال وجهات نظر الشخصيات النسائية الرئيسة، لنقل قضايا المرأة والألم الذي تعيشه الإنسانية.وقد وثقت بنديكت، الصحفي، على نطاق واسع تأثير الحرب على القوات النسائية في العراق.تركز في أعمالها الروائية بشكل خاص على الآثار النفسية والجسدية التي تفرضها الحرب على النساء.يوضح عمل المؤلف أنه على الرغم من أن الحرب ربما انتهت كحدث تاريخي، إلا أن تداعياتها لا تزال قائمة بالنسبة للأفراد الذين خدموا كقوات في العراق أو عانوا من فقدان أحبائهم، سواء كانوا في العراق أو في وطنهم في الولايات المتحدةالامريكية
The Portrait of Arab Characters in Layla Halaby's Once in a Promised Land
Authors: Alzayadi Ali Dakhil Naem
Published: November 2024

This article aims to examine the portrait of Arab characters in Layla Halaby's Once in a Promised Land. This study focuses on the situation of the Arab Muslim protagonist of Once in Promised Land by Halaby, a postcolonial literary masterpiece addressing the topic of Muslim Arabs in the United States following the horrific terrorist assault of 9/11, the portrait that the researcher intends to show in this article. The study attempts to shed light on how Muslim Arabs were seen in America following the event. It provides insight into the main protagonists, Salwa and Jassim from Jordan, who stand in for Arab Muslims who have chased the American dream but have discovered a different kind of reality by following this dream. The study also discusses the state of Arab American literature related to the Halaby's novel Once in Promised Land and other research on the idea. The researcher endeavors to provide a lucid analysis of the Arab and Muslim characters’ portrayal in Halaby's Once in Promised Land. It is noted that the pair is not religiously inclined, yet because of their race and innate culture, the Western world has a skewed perception of them.           The research findings revealed that the American novelists purposely reflected dark aspects of the Arab Muslim characters so as to show to the world that Islam is a religion that propagates oppression and violence. As a conclusion, the study proposes a framework of the portrayal of the Arab Muslim characters conceptualized by the post-colonial perspective as a method. It is recommended that future research examines the reliability and authentication of the respective American novels that have distorted the Arab Muslim identity.
يهدف هذا المقال إلى فحص صورة الشخصيات العربية في رواية ليلى حلبي ذات مرة في أرض الميعاد. تركز هذه الدراسة على وضع البطل العربي المسلم في رواية "ذات مرة في أرض الميعاد" للكاتبة حلبي، وهي تحفة أدبية ما بعد الاستعمار تتناول موضوع العرب المسلمين في الولايات المتحدة بعد الهجوم الإرهابي المروع في 11 سبتمبر، وهي الصورة التي ينوي الباحث تقديمها. تظهر في هذه المقالة. وتحاول الدراسة تسليط الضوء على كيفية رؤية العرب المسلمين في أمريكا بعد الحدث. ويقدم نظرة ثاقبة للبطلين الرئيسيين، سلوى وجاسم من الأردن، اللذين يمثلان المسلمين العرب الذين طاردوا الحلم الأمريكي ولكنهم اكتشفوا نوعًا مختلفًا من الواقع من خلال اتباع هذا الحلم. كما تناقش الدراسة حالة الأدب العربي الأمريكي فيما يتعلق برواية الحلبي مرة في أرض الميعاد وأبحاث أخرى حول الفكرة. ويسعى الباحث إلى تقديم تحليل واضح لتصوير الشخصيات العربية والمسلمة في رواية الحلبي ذات مرة في أرض الميعاد. ويلاحظ أن الزوجين ليسا ذوي ميول دينية، ولكن بسبب عرقهما وثقافتهما الفطرية، فإن العالم الغربي لديه نظرة منحرفة عنهما. وأظهرت نتائج البحث أن الروائيين الأمريكيين عكسوا عمداً الجوانب المظلمة في الشخصيات العربية المسلمة حتى لا يخطئوا. أظهروا للعالم أن الإسلام دين ينشر القمع والعنف. وفي الختام تقترح الدراسة إطارًا لتصوير الشخصيات العربية الإسلامية من منظور ما بعد الاستعمار كمنهج. ومن المستحسن أن تبحث الأبحاث المستقبلية في مدى موثوقية وصحة الروايات الأمريكية التي شوهت الهوية العربية الإسلامية
المركز والهامش في الشعر الأندلسي(447-897هـ)
Authors: حيدر يعكوب صبير العبودي م.م. , رعد ناصر مايود الوائلي أ.د.
Published: November 2024

المستخلص:
            يمثَّل المركزُ القوى الكبرى, المهيمنة على المجتمع, ويمكن أن يُطلقَ عليها الفئة النَّخبويَّة, وفي الحقيقة يُشكّل –المركزُ والهامش- حضورًا لافتًا في الخطاب الشِّعري الأندلسي, مردّه إلى الظّروف التي أُنتِجَ من خلالها, وما أُريدَ له من أهداف تعبويّة, بوصفه الإعلام الهادئ المُسَيَّر في خدمة النُّخب السّلطويَّة, حتّى أضحى بابًا مِن أبواب مركزيَّتها, حاول فيها السّعي على إشاعة التّضليل الفكري لمتلقي الخطاب, كإظهار التفرَّد للنخب الفئويّة في  الصّفات, أو في الأنساب, ليشكّلوا مركزًا متعاليًا, يقضي أن يغدو الآخر هامشًا.
توظيف تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي في العمل الصحفي وانعكاسه على الممارسة المهنية للصحفيين العراقيين
Authors: مرتضى حسن علي الشمري م.د.
Published: November 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على توظيف أساليب الذكاء الاصطناعي في مجال الصحافة وانعكاسه على الممارسة الاحترافية للصحفيين العراقيين, وقد أعتمد الباحث المنهج الوصفي المسحي لمجتمع البحث الذي يمثله الممارسيين للعمل الصحفي في الهيئات الصحفية العراقية, من رؤساء الأقسام ومديري التحرير ورؤساء التحرير ونوابهم وسكرتارية التحرير والصحفيين أصحاب الخبرة , وفي ضوء ذلك صمم الباحث استمارة الاستبانة باستطلاع اراء عينة عمدية قوامها (120) , واضهرت نتائج الدراسة أن توظيف الذكاء الصُّنْعي  في الميدان الصحفي له أهمية كبيرة , وأن تقنية "ادراة المضمون الصَحفي" من أبرز الميادين التي يمكن لتقنيات الذكاء الصُّنْعي  توظيفها في الصحافة , وفي الختام أتفق المبحوثين أن تدريس مقررات حول تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي في الصحافة في كليات وأقسام الاعلام من أهم المقترحات التي تدعم توظيف أساليب الذكاء الاصطناعي في الصحافة , كما يوصي الباحث بضرورة ادراج أساليب الذكاء الاصطناعي ضمن المقرارت الدراسية في كليات الاعلام وأقسامه , وتدريب الطلاب على التعامل الصحيح مع هذه التقنيات الحديثة.
The Human Connectome Phantom (HCPh) dataset
Authors: Esteban Oscar , Provins Céline , Cionca Alexandre
Published: November 2024

Network-based approaches are widely adopted to model functional and structural ‘connectivity’ of the living brain, extracted noninvasively with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, these analyses —on functional and structural networks— render unreliable at the finer temporal, spatial, and brain-parcellation scales. Here, we introduce the Human Connectome PHantom (HCPh) dataset as part of our recent Stage 1 Registered Report1 (Fig. 1).
Mentoring in Kindergartens: Benefits for Newly Appointed Teachers, Mentors and Educational Organizations
Authors: Kontogianni Zacharoula , Valkanos Εfthymios , Sytziouki Maria , Fragoulis Iosif , Koutsoukos Marios
Published: November 2024

This research aims to investigate the perceptions of kindergarten principals in the regional unit of Thessaloniki regarding the expected benefits for newly appointed teachers, mentors, and educational organizations. By conducting qualitative research, the perceptions of 15 kindergarten principals were explored using the research tool of semi-structured interviews. The interviews revealed that the heads of nursery schools identified, as the most important benefits for newly appointed teachers, the improvement of teaching methodology and the widening of the circle of social contacts through the cultivation of communication skills, as well as the understanding of the formal and informal culture of the educational organization. The supervisors themselves as mentors value key benefits the enrichment of knowledge and the renewal of teaching methods as a result of their interaction with their mentors as well as the improvement of communication skills. For educational organizations, the benefits seem to be linked to the benefits of the mentored and relate to the functioning of the organization as a learning community, the achievement of objectives, and the improvement of the quality of the work produced, while the improvement of communication levels works to the benefit of working relationships between the parties involved.
Tổng quan hình ảnh điểm đến và ý định quay trở lại qua phân tích trắc lượng thư mục bằng VOSviewer
Authors: Viên Trần Thị Xuân , Giao Ha Nam Khanh , Thành Tạ Văn
Published: November 2024

Nghiên cứu này được nhóm tác giả thực hiện nhằm cung cấp thông tin rộng rãi về hình ảnh điểm đến và ý định quay trở lại của du khách. Từ nguồn dữ liệu Scopus từ năm 1991 đến 2/2024 với 271 nghiên cứu về hình ảnh điểm đến và ý định quay trở lại, nhóm tác giả phân tích trắc lượng thư mục với sự hỗ trợ của phần mềm VOSviewer kết hợp với phần mềm MS Excel và Publish and Perish. Kết quả phân tích được tổng hợp qua các bảng số liệu và trực quan bằng hình ảnh.
Researching gambling law and the legal determinants of health: A response to the Lancet Public Health Commission on Gambling
Authors: Xiao Leon Y.
Published: November 2024

The Lancet Public Health Commission on Gambling is a seminal effort consolidating recent research findings on gambling and making actionable policy recommendations.1 The Commission Report is also a helpful resource for identifying knowledge gaps that future research should address. As a legal scholar, I am encouraged to see the ‘legal determinants of health’ (or how law, policy, regulation, compliance, and enforcement can affect health) being duly taken into account.2 Building on the earlier work by Ukhova and colleagues,3 the Commission conducted an updated global review on the ‘legislative intent’ behind gambling-related policy changes or the publicly stated motivations for adopting the law. The Commission argued that the important aim of protecting public health has been largely disregarded. I raise three specific issues regarding that aspect of the Report to provide better context and clear directions for further research. I am grateful to the authors responsible who responded most graciously.
From whole number bias to gap thinking: College students’ strategy choices in fraction comparisons and relations to cognitive abilities
Authors: Fan Ao , Abreu-Mendoza Roberto A. , Van Hoof Jo , Van Dooren Wim , Rosenberg-Lee Miriam
Published: November 2024

Fraction thinking poses a challenge for students, and several flawed comparison strategies have been identified: whole-number-strategy (choosing larger numerals), reverse-strategy (choosing smaller numerals), and gap-strategy (choosing the smaller difference between numerator and denominator). The prevalence of these strategies among college students is unknown. Here, we used cluster analysis to identify strategy use among 90 college students. Three cognitive factors were also assessed: general math achievement, inhibitory control, and working memory. The results revealed three clusters: Whole-Number-Strategy (14%), who used whole-number-strategy consistently; Partial-Reverse-Strategy (30%), who used reverse-strategy for more challenging fractions; and Gap-Tendency (56%), who performed well except when gap strategy fails. For cognitive factors, Gap-Tendency performed better than Whole-Number-Strategy, but did not differ from Partial-Reverse-Strategy, on any measure. These findings extended prior research on strategy choices to show that the majority of college students have overcome whole bias, but not yet achieved a complete understanding of fraction magnitude.
The gendered nature of climate change impacts in the Republic of the Marshall Islands
Authors: Mortreux Colette , Yamaguchi Yoshiko , Saunders Angela , Barnett Jon , Jarillo Sergio , Waters Elissa
Published: November 2024

Empirical evidence on the gendered impacts of climate change is limited, particularly in the islands of the Pacific. This paper presents findings from fieldwork in the Republic of Marshall Islands that engaged with 1362 participants from 15 atolls. The data provides four clear findings. First, that men and women’s livelihoods are heavily impacted by climate change, with reduced incomes shifting household dynamics and opportunities. Second, that climate change is increasing the burden that women carry related to their domestic and caring responsibilities. Third, that climate change impacts are increasing the risk of gender-based violence as household insecurity amplifies. Fourth, that despite the gendered nature of vulnerability, women in the Republic of Marshall Islands have relatively high adaptive capacity. Women are typically highly active in community projects and have powerful insight into how to reduce climate change vulnerability in their communities. The findings from this research highlight the need for gender sensitive adaptation policy, that support both men and women’s livelihoods, provide wrap-around social support services and increase women’s influence in community decision making.
Social anxiety disorder and interoceptive trait prediction error: An account from the free energy principle
Authors: Bîcu Alexandru Gabriel , Barizi Ana Maria Olguta
Published: November 2024

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a type of anxiety disorder which impacts every day functioning, particularly in terms of interpersonal relationships. The cognitive-behavioral model is regarded as one of the most effective treatments for anxiety disorders. Though this model has long informed clinical practice, it has been criticized for its overreliance on cognitive processes and rational thinking, disregarding the role of emotions as well as other biological and social factors. This limitation is especially evident in the treatment of SAD, where cognitivebehavioral approaches often fail to produce long-term results. In this study, we will argue in favor of a new approach as a unifying theory of anxiety formation, emerging in the last decade from the field of computational psychiatry, focusing on the brain’s predictive mechanisms. We will show how SAD can arise from erroneous interoceptive inferences—incorrect predictions about internal bodily states— which lead to unreliable predictions about the social environment. These erroneous inferences reinforce the individual's perception that the social world is unpredictable and that their actions are insufficient to reduce this uncertainty, creating a state of learned uncertainty.
Investigating the effects of congruence between within-person associations: A comparison of two extensions of response surface analysis
Authors: Humberg Sarah , Kuper Niclas , Rentzsch Katrin , Gerlach Tanja M. , Back Mitja D , Nestler Steffen
Published: November 2024

Response Surface Analysis (RSA) allows researchers to study whether the degree of congruence between two predictor variables is related to a potential psychological outcome. Here, we adapt RSA to the case in which the two predictor variables whose congruence is of interest refer to individual differences in within-person associations (WPAs) between variables that fluctuate over time. For example, a WPA-congruence hypothesis in research on romantic relationships could posit that partners are happier when they have similar social reactivities – that is, when they have similarly strong WPAs between the quantity of their social interactions and their momentary well-being. One method for testing a WPA-congruence hypothesis is a 2-step approach in which the individuals' WPAs are first estimated as random slopes in respective multilevel models, and then these estimates are used as predictors in a regular RSA. As an alternative, we suggest combining RSA with multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) by specifying the WPAs as random slopes in the structural equation and using their latent second-order terms to predict the outcome on Level 2. We introduce both approaches and provide and explain their corresponding computer code templates. We also compared the two approaches with a simulation study and found that the MSEM model – despite its complexities (e.g., nonlinear functions of latent slopes) – has advantages over the 2-step approach. We conclude that the MSEM approach should be used in practice. We demonstrate its application using data from a daily diary study and offer guidance for important decisions (e.g., about standardization).
The dynamic effects of linguistic distances on country TOEFL scores between 2005–2020 and those of morphological distance in particular
Authors: van der Slik Frans , van Hout Roeland
Published: November 2024

Aggregated country TOEFL scores of at least 15 mln non-immersion learners coming from 127 countries around the globe with 69 L1s covering a time span of 16 years (2005 – 2020). This rich database allowed us to examine not just the effects of various country level characteristics, including linguistic distances, but also their dynamic effects over this time range. We performed this analysis by applying a general additive mixed regression model (GAMM) to reveal intricate, non-linear interaction effects, especially those of the three linguistic distance measures we applied, and, more in particular, to map the changing role of morphological distance in relation to lexical and phonological distance. All three distances contributed in explaining L2 English country scores: the larger the distance is the lower L2 English proficiency. Morphological distance delivers its own, distinctive contribution, next to and in competition with the lexical and phonological distances. All three distances interact with year of testing. These changes seem to reflect the increasing presence and dominance of L2 English worldwide, but it shows at the same time that the impact of distance is dynamic. Morphological and phonological properties become more important the higher the L2 proficiency is, while the importance of lexical distance gradually decreases.
A neural basis for distinguishing imagination from reality
Authors: Dijkstra Nadine , Kok Peter , Fleming Stephen M
Published: November 2024

Humans use similar brain systems to both imagine and perceive. While the re-use of brain systems specialised for sensory perception for offline simulation is an efficient use of resources, it also leads to a potential for confusions between imagination and reality. It remains unknown how human observers classify perceptual signals as reflecting external reality, as opposed to internal simulation or imagination. Here we show that judgments of reality are underpinned by a latent variable that encodes the combined strength of sensory signals generated by either imagery or perception. We use functional magnetic resonance imagining to reveal that this latent variable is tracked by the activity of bilateral fusiform gyrus and predicts confusions between imagery and perception on a trial-by-trial basis. We further characterise interactions between fusiform gyrus and a network of prefrontal regions encoding binary judgments of reality, in line with higher-order theories of reality monitoring. Our results demonstrate that a key mechanism through which the brain distinguishes imagination from reality is by monitoring fluctuations in the activity of mid-level sensory cortex. These findings increase our understanding of failures of reality testing such as hallucinations and lay the foundations for characterising a generalised reality monitoring system in the human brain.
IDLaS‐DE – A Web‐based Platform for Running Customized Studies on Individual Differences in German Language Skills
Authors: Bethke Sandra , Monen Janay , Rinsma Thijs , Trilsbeek Paul , meyer antje , Hintz Florian
Published: November 2024

Individuals vary substantially in their language skills. The Individual Differences in Language Skills test battery (IDLaS) is a tool to assess variability in (1) linguistic experience, (2) general cognitive skills implicated in language, including nonverbal processing speed, working memory, and nonverbal reasoning, and (3) linguistic processing skills, including word- and sentence-level production and comprehension. The test battery was initially developed for Dutch language users. Building on this work, we recently developed a German version (IDLaS-DE). IDLaS-DE consists of 30 behavioral tests that have been validated in a large group of German speakers, aged between 18 and 30 years. In addition, we have developed a web platform that researchers interested in assessing language and general cognitive skills can use for their research purposes. Here, we provide a guide for creating and running customized studies online via this platform. The IDLaS-DE web platform and all its services are free of charge and accessible at https://www.mpi.nl/idlas-de.
Too Much Information? A Systematic Investigation of the Antecedents and Consequences of Ambivalence-Induced Information Seeking Behavior
Authors: Buttlar Benjamin , Lambrich Anna , McCaughey Linda , Schneider Iris K.
Published: November 2024

People regularly have to navigate decisions in which they feel ambivalent, for instance, regarding unhealthy food, recycling, or financial investments. It is assumed that people cope with such felt ambivalence by seeking information that sway their ambivalent attitudes about these topics. However, empirical evidence for this proposition is scarce because most study measure information seeking intentions instead of behavior. As such, it remains doubtful whether information seeking indeed helps people to reduce felt ambivalence while making decisions. To test this proposition, we adapted a sample-based information seeking paradigm that enabled us to measure actual information seeking behavior in financial decisions. In three pre-registered studies (total N = 365 participants; k = 10.519 decisions), we demonstrated that when people feel ambivalent about an initial set of information about a stock, they seek more information about its development to decide whether it develops positively or negatively; this information seeking, in turn, helps them to reduce felt ambivalence when making the decision. This supports a central proposition in ambivalence research, indicating that people can indeed solve their felt ambivalence through information seeking. However, our data also showed that the effect of information seeking on felt ambivalence did not depend on whether the sought information was actually able to resolve the attitudinal basis of the conflict. Future research should, therefore, examine whether and how information seeking as a problem-focused coping strategy may also impact attitude strength more generally, and whether information seeking can serve as an emotion-focused coping strategy to reduce conflict-induced discomfort.
Wave theory of consciousness
Authors: Martino Matteo , Magioncalda Paola
Published: November 2024

The work proposes a set of hypotheses organized in a working model of the nature of consciousness and its relation with neural activity. Briefly, we suggest that consciousness, as a fundamental property of matter, corresponds to the differentiation of unitary portions of matter-energy from the rest of the space-time continuum in the basic form of waves, with their energy variation and spatio-temporal borders reflecting in the quality and spatio-temporal borders of experience. We then assume that the brain represents a unique generator of oscillations with complex spatio-temporal configurations that can produce transient events of synchronized neural activity across distributed cortical sensory areas (modulated by receptor stimulation and associative areas’ activity). Each event of neuronal synchronization might generate a large-scale wave, i.e., a unitary field perturbation, which integrates and differentially amplifies elemental and independent waves (where and when they appear) into a unitary portion of matter, manifesting as a frame of conscious experience. Accordingly, for each frame of conscious experience, the quantity of consciousness might be defined by the physical dimension of the unitary large-scale wave in the environmental field, while the quality of consciousness might be defined by the physical form of such large-scale wave along with its internal composition in elemental waves. This working model might provide a novel framework, along with testable predictions, for developing a wave theory of consciousness.
Taking Turn: Speakers Preplan Lexical and Phonological Representations in Semantically Constraining Linguistic Contexts
Authors: Chupina Irina , Westner Britta , Roelofs Ardi , Piai Vitória
Published: November 2024

Rapid turn-taking in conversation suggests that speakers plan part of their turn in advance, but evidence for this is scarce. Using context-driven picture naming, we examined whether (a) speakers preplan lexical-semantic and phonological information at the word level in constraining sentential contexts, and (b) phonological preplanning encompasses the whole word. Analysis of naming response times (RTs) showed that constraining contexts enable preplanning of both lexical-semantic and phonological representations (Experiment 1). Using a picture-word interference version of the same task (Experiment 2), we found that speakers preplan the phonological form of the whole word, however, only the subset of constraining trials with the shortest RTs indicated preplanning. The results confirm previous findings from turn-taking, which suggested that speakers can complete later stages of lexical access in advance, but also highlight that the presence of preplanning varies from trial to trial.
Unravelling symptom-specific polygenic effects on maternal mental health during the perinatal period and postpartum
Authors: Bjørndal Ludvig Daae , Wootton Robyn , Ebrahimi Omid V. , Piazza Giulia G. , Hegemann Laura , Corfield Elizabeth C , Hannigan Laurie John , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Andreassen Ole A. , Havdahl Alexandra , Ask Helga
Published: November 2024

ImportancePoor maternal mental health can negatively impact affected individuals and families. While genetic factors are important influences on mental health, few studies have used symptom-level analyses to examine how genetic liability is related to maternal mental health. A symptom-level approach can account for disorder heterogeneity and delineate key associations between genetic liabilities and mental health, improving current understanding of how genetic risk is related to the experience of specific mental health problems.ObjectiveTo examine associations between genetic liabilities to depression, anxiety, neuroticism and positive affect, and maternal mental health phenotypes (i.e., symptoms of anxiety, depression, positive and negative affect) across the perinatal period and first years of motherhood using a network analysis approach. Design, setting, and participantsThree waves of data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) were used to assess item-level associations. Sample sizes ranged from 46,537 to 59,308 mothers. Networks were separately estimated for each polygenic score (PGS) and each wave of measurement: at 30 weeks of gestation, 6 months postpartum, and 18 months postpartum. Main outcomes and measuresSymptoms of anxiety and depression experienced in the last two weeks from the Hopkins Symptom Checklist and items measuring positive and negative affect (i.e., components of emotional functioning) in daily life from the Differential Emotions Scale. Four PGSs, indexing genetic liability to depression, anxiety, neuroticism, and positive affect, were included in separate networks.ResultsPGSs exhibited both phenotype-specific associations (e.g., depression PGS linked with hopelessness, anxiety PGS linked with worry) and cross-phenotype (e.g., depression PGS linked with nervousness, positive affect PGS inversely related to anxiety and depressive symptoms) relationships, with partial correlations ranging between r = -0.025 and r = 0.024. Items measuring mental health were strongly interrelated at each wave, in particular within symptom clusters and among emotional functioning items. Some PGS-phenotype associations were consistent (e.g., depression PGS linked with feeling like screaming or banging on something across all waves) and others inconsistent (e.g., anxiety PGS linked with nervousness only at 6 months postpartum) across the perinatal and postpartum periods.Conclusions and relevanceOur findings highlight symptom-level associations between PGSs and maternal mental health, which may be obscured when global measures of mental health (e.g., overall scores) are used. Identifying symptom-specific PGS associations could advance current understanding of aetiological influences on maternal mental health.
Material and Energy Use in Norway’s Residential Building Archetypes
Authors: Amini Sara , Rousseau Lola , Hertwich Edgar
Published: November 2024

As buildings become more energy efficient due to construction and technological improvements and stricter regulations, the impact of construction and maintenance materials is gaining prominence in the life cycle emissions of buildings. In high-income countries like Norway, renovation of the existing building stock is crucial for reducing overall environmental impacts. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the life cycle assessment (LCA) of Norwegian buildings, especially concerning material use and embodied emissions. Building archetypes offer a solution by providing structured background data to enhance LCA studies. This paper addresses this gap by examining the space heating demand and material use of residential building archetypes in Norway, categorized by type and construction cohort. Dynamic energy simulations were conducted using EnergyPlus, combined with the BuildME Python package for material aggregation and calculation. Our results show that structural components dominate the material intensity (MI) of most archetypes, particularly in buildings with basements. Multi-family houses (MFHs) built after 1991 outperform single-family houses (SFHs) and apartment blocks (ABs) in both MI and material per person (MpP). Renovating SFHs to accommodate more occupants could reduce their MpP while maintaining a comfortable living environment. The higher MI in ABs, driven by concrete floor decks, suggests that using wood in future constructions could significantly lower both MI and MpP, reducing resource use and embodied emissions. This work links energy performance with material efficiency, offering valuable data for improving policy and practices in the Norwegian building sector.
Stratification of educational quality judgments: Insights from two factorial survey experiments on socioeconomic differences in student and parent evaluations
Authors: Olivos Francisco
Published: November 2024

The use that agents do of cultural knowledge to navigate institutions is a major explanation of inequalities. Nevertheless, the difficulties accessing culture knowledge have led sociologists of education to often rely on declarative forms of culture to gauge explanations on inequalities. Based on the case of Chile, this study contributes to educational inequality research by using factorial survey experiments to assess the stratification of evaluative principles of educational quality or what is termed "judgments of the game." Different teaching and school resources features were experimentally manipulated and presented to representative and probabilistic samples of parents and primary school students to measure their evaluative principles of educational quality. Findings show that socially advantaged parents and students, and from private schools, tend to evaluate educational quality more critically and attribute stronger effects to vignette features, suggesting cultural knowledge stratification. Thus, this study contributes to cultural sociology, sociology of education, and stratification research by testing one of the central theoretical propositions on the explanations of educational inequalities.
ChatGPT: Challenges to editors and examiners
Authors: Simkhada Bibha , Van Teijlingen Alexander , Simkhada Padam , Van Teijlingen Edwin Roland
Published: November 2024

The past year saw an exponential growth in the use of machine learning using AI (artificial intelligence) and particularly Generative AI (GenAI) such as ChatGPT. The latter has seen a spectacular rise in the public debate and in the mass media. Those not involved in the development of AI were amazed by the capabilities of ChatGPT to produce text equal to the average human produced texts. There is no doubt that the adoption of AI is advancing rapidly.
To test the ability of ChatGPT in its free version, we posed simple questions about the topic we had previously published. After reading the short essay produced by ChatGPT we repeated the question whilst asking for references to be included. We were surprised by the quality of this very general piece of work.
In many UK universities there is a debate starting about students’ use of ChatGPT, and how difficult it is to distinguish between work produced by the average student and that produced by AI. There is a similar problem for editors and reviewers of academic journals. It really boils down to the question: 'How can you be certain the submitted manuscript came from a human source?’ However, we feel the progress of AI is not all doom and gloom. We outline some of the key problems around AI and academic publishing, but also opportunities arising from the use of AI in this area.
Stress and Coping Strategies Among Caregivers of Cancer Patients in a Tertiary Care Setting in Nepal
Authors: Poudel Asmita , Regmi Ranju , Dahal Laxmi , Parajuli Sagar , Bhatta Kusumsheela , Pandey Anjila , Chalise Manisha
Published: November 2024

Background: Cancer represents a tremendous burden on patients, families, and society as it is the second leading cause of death worldwide. With patients going through disease-specific problems, their care providers also face a variety of challenges during and after their treatment. The main objective of this research was to assess the stress level and coping strategies adopted by caregivers of cancer patients attending B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital in Nepal.
Methodology: The study used a cross-sectional design at B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital in Bharatpur, Nepal. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and data collection was done using a pretested interview questionnaire schedule. Standardized Kingston caregiver stress scale and Brief COPE inventory were used. A chi-square test was done to analyze the data.
Results: More than half (56.5%) of the caregivers were found to have mild level of stress followed by 26.1% with moderate stress levels. Educational status, monthly income, relationship with patient were found to have significant association with stress level (p<0.05). Major coping strategies adopted by caregivers were praying and meditation (35.5%), accepting reality (34.8%), and seeking emotional support (22.5%).
Conclusion: The study’s findings revealed a notable prevalence of stress among caregivers of cancer patients. It highlights the need for targeted efforts to address caregiver stress, tailoring strategies based on income and education levels. Special attention should be given to caregivers who are first-degree relatives, as they may require unique support mechanisms.
Keywords: Cancer, Caregiver, Stress, Coping Strategies, Nepal