bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Searching For A Single Community in a Graph
Authors: Ray Avik , Sanghavi Sujay , Shakkottai Sanjay
Published: July 2016

In standard graph clustering/community detection, one is interested in partitioning the graph into more densely connected subsets of nodes. In contrast, the
search
problem of this paper aims to only find the nodes in a
single
such community, the target, out of the many communities that may exist. To do so , we are given suitable side information about the target; for example, a very small number of nodes from the target are labeled as such. We consider a general yet simple notion of side information: all nodes are assumed to have random weights, with nodes in the target having higher weights on average. Given these weights and the graph, we develop a variant of the method of moments that identifies nodes in the target more reliably, and with lower computation, than generic community detection methods that do not use side information and partition the entire graph.
An Analysis of Load Imbalance in Scale-out Data Serving
Authors: Novakovic Stanko , Daglis Alexandros , Bugnion Edouard , Falsafi Babak , Grot Boris
Published: July 2016

Despite the natural parallelism across lookups, performance of distributed key-value stores is often limited due to load imbalance induced by heavy skew in the popularity distribution of the dataset. To avoid violating service level objectives expressed in terms of tail latency, systems tend to keep server utilization low and organize the data in micro-shards, which in turn provides units of migration and replication for the purpose of load balancing. These techniques reduce the skew, but incur additional monitoring, data replication and consistency maintenance overheads. This work shows that the trend towards extreme scale-out will further exacerbate the skew-induced load imbalance, and hence the overhead of migration and replication.
Low resting metabolic rate in exercise-associated amenorrhea is not due to a reduced proportion of highly active metabolic tissue compartments
Authors: Koehler Karsten , Williams Nancy I. , Mallinson Rebecca J. , Southmayd Emily A. , Allaway Heather C. M. , De Souza Mary Jane
Published: July 2016

Exercising women with menstrual disturbances frequently display a low resting metabolic rate (RMR) when RMR is expressed relative to body size or lean mass. However, normalizing RMR for body size or lean mass does not account for potential differences in the size of tissue compartments with varying metabolic activities. To explore whether the apparent RMR suppression in women with exercise-associated amenorrhea is a consequence of a lower proportion of highly active metabolic tissue compartments or the result of metabolic adaptations related to energy conservation at the tissue level, RMR and metabolic tissue compartments were compared among exercising women with amenorrhea (AMEN; n = 42) and exercising women with eumenorrheic, ovulatory menstrual cycles (OV; n = 37). RMR was measured using indirect calorimetry and predicted from the size of metabolic tissue compartments as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Measured RMR was lower than DEXA-predicted RMR in AMEN (1,215 ± 31 vs. 1,327 ± 18 kcal/day, P < 0.001) but not in OV (1,284 ± 24 vs. 1,252 ± 17, P = 0.16), resulting in a lower ratio of measured to DEXA-predicted RMR in AMEN (91 ± 2%) vs. OV (103 ± 2%, P < 0.001). AMEN displayed proportionally more residual mass ( P < 0.001) and less adipose tissue ( P = 0.003) compared with OV. A lower ratio of measured to DXA-predicted RMR was associated with lower serum total triiodothyronine ( ρ = 0.38, P < 0.001) and leptin ( ρ = 0.32, P = 0.004). Our findings suggest that RMR suppression in this population is not the result of a reduced size of highly active metabolic tissue compartments but is due to metabolic and endocrine adaptations at the tissue level that are indicative of energy conservation.
Short-term and long-term effects of submaximal maternal exercise on offspring glucose homeostasis and pancreatic function
Authors: Quiclet Charline , Siti Farida , Dubouchaud Hervé , Vial Guillaume , Berthon Phanélie , Fontaine Eric , Batandier Cécile , Couturier Karine
Published: July 2016

Only a few studies have explored the effects of maternal exercise during gestation on adult offspring metabolism. We set out to test whether maternal controlled submaximal exercise maintained troughout all gestational periods induces persistant metabolic changes in the offspring. We used a model of 15-wk-old nulliparous female Wistar rats that exercised (trained group) before and during gestation at a submaximal intensity or remained sedentary (control group). At weaning, male offspring from trained dams showed reduced basal glycemia (119.7 ± 2.4 vs. 130.5 ± 4.1 mg/dl, P < 0.05), pancreas relative weight (3.96 ± 0.18 vs. 4.54 ± 0.14 g/kg body wt, P < 0.05), and islet mean area (22,822 ± 4,036 vs. 44,669 ± 6,761 μm2, P < 0.05) compared with pups from control dams. Additionally, they had better insulin secretory capacity when stimulated by 2.8 mM glucose + 20 mM arginine compared with offspring from control dams (+96%, P < 0.05). At 7 mo of age, offspring from trained mothers displayed altered glucose tolerance (AUC = 15,285 ± 527 vs. 11,898 ± 988 mg·dl−1·120 min, P < 0.05) and decreased muscle insulin sensitivity estimated by the phosphorylated PKB/total PKB ratio (−32%, P < 0.05) and tended to have a reduced islet insulin secretory capacity compared with rats from control dams. These results suggest that submaximal maternal exercise modifies short-term male offspring pancreatic function and appears to have rather negative long-term consequences on sedentary adult offspring glucose handling.
Sword-Like Trauma to the Shoulder with Open Head-Splitting Fracture of the Head
Authors: Panagopoulos Andreas , Pantazis Konstantinos , Iliopoulos Ilias , Seferlis Ioannis , Kokkalis Zinon
Published: July 2016

Head-splitting fractures occur as a result of violent compression of the head against the glenoid; the head splits and the tuberosities may remain attached to the fragments or split and separate. Isolated humeral head-splitting fractures are rare injuries. Favorable results with osteosynthesis can be difficult to achieve because of the very proximal location of the head fracture and associated poor vascularity. We present a case of a 67-year-old man who sustained a severe, sword-like trauma to his left shoulder after a road traffic accident with associated isolated open Gustilo-Anderson IIIA humeral head-splitting fracture. Bony union was achieved with minimal internal fixation but the clinical outcome deteriorated due to accompanying axillary nerve apraxia. To our knowledge, this type of sword-like injury with associated humeral head-split fracture has not previously been reported.
The Expression of T Cell FOXP3 and T-Bet Is Upregulated in Severe but Not Euthyroid Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Authors: Tokić Stana , Štefanić Mario , Glavaš-Obrovac Ljubica , Jaman Sonja , Novosadová Eva , Petrkova Jana , Navratilova Zdenka , Suver Stević Mirjana , Petrek Martin
Published: July 2016

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive thyroid failure. Th1 and Treg subset of CD4+ cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis; however, less is known about their respective roles across the spectrum of HT clinical presentations. To shed more light on CD4+ subsets role in HT, we investigated the mRNA expression levels of several Th1/Treg-associated transcription factors (T-bet/ETS1, HIF1α/BLIMP1/FOXP3) in peripheral blood T cells of 10 hypothyroid, untreated HT patients, 10 hypothyroid patients undergoing hormone replacement therapy, 12 euthyroid HT subjects, and 11 healthy controls by the qRT-PCR. Compared to euthyroid HT patients and controls, both hypothyroid (2.34-fold difference versus controls, P<0.01) and thyroxine-supplemented patients (2.5-fold, P<0.001) showed an increased FOXP3 mRNA expression in T cells. Similarly, mRNA expression levels of T-bet were upregulated in severely affected but not in euthyroid HT subjects (2.37-fold and 3.2-fold, hypothyroid and thyroxine-supplemented HT patients versus controls, resp., P<0.01). By contrast, no differences in mRNA expression levels of ETS1, BLIMP1, and HIF1α were observed across the study groups. In summary, severe but not euthyroid HT was associated with robust upregulation of T-bet and FOXP3 mRNA in peripheral T cells, independent of the thyroid hormone status but proportional to disease activity.
Lessons Learned and Questions Raised by an Atypical Case of Clozapine-Induced Myocarditis
Authors: Earnshaw Charles H. , Powell Lucy , Haeney Owen
Published: July 2016

A Caucasian male in his early twenties suffering from treatment resistant schizophrenia was started on clozapine. After three days he developed tachycardia, a common side effect of clozapine induction. He had one temperature spike (38.9°C) on day ten after induction but remained clinically well. An ECG and blood tests were normal. Due to persistent tachycardia and an episode of collapse whilst seated on day 12, he was admitted to hospital for further investigation. A diagnosis of myocarditis was confirmed as a result of elevated cardiac enzyme levels and an echocardiogram. Following withdrawal of clozapine, supportive management, and initiation of cardiac medication, the patient made a successful recovery. He will be followed up with the cardiology team to ensure that his heart function returns to normal. Given the incidence of clozapine-induced myocarditis, the associated mortality risk, and diagnostic difficulties, this case raises questions about whether a formal system for identifying myocarditis should be adopted.
A Type of Multigrid Method Based on the Fixed-Shift Inverse Iteration for the Steklov Eigenvalue Problem
Authors: Li Feiyan , Bi Hai
Published: July 2016

For the Steklov eigenvalue problem, we establish a type of multigrid discretizations based on the fixed-shift inverse iteration and study in depth its a priori/a posteriori error estimates. In addition, we also propose an adaptive algorithm on the basis of the a posteriori error estimates. Finally, we present some numerical examples to validate the efficiency of our method.
Individual Differences in Behavioural Despair Predict Brain GSK-3beta Expression in Mice: The Power of a Modified Swim Test
Authors: Strekalova Tatyana , Markova Nataliia , Shevtsova Elena , Zubareva Olga , Bakhmet Anastassia , Steinbusch Harry M. , Bachurin Sergey , Lesch Klaus-Peter
Published: July 2016

While deficient brain plasticity is a well-established pathophysiologic feature of depression, little is known about disorder-associated enhanced cognitive processing. Here, we studied a novel mouse paradigm that potentially models augmented learning of adverse memories during development of a depressive-like state. We used a modification of the classic two-day protocol of a mouse Porsolt test with an additional session occurring on Day 5 following the initial exposure. Unexpectedly, floating behaviour and brain glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3beta) mRNA levels, a factor of synaptic plasticity as well as a marker of distress and depression, were increased during the additional swimming session that was prevented by imipramine. Observed increases of GSK-3beta mRNA in prefrontal cortex during delayed testing session correlated with individual parameters of behavioural despair that was not found in the classic Porsolt test. Repeated swim exposure was accompanied by a lower pGSK-3beta/GSK-3beta ratio. A replacement of the second or the final swim sessions with exposure to the context of testing resulted in increased GSK-3beta mRNA level similar to the effects of swimming, while exclusion of the second testing prevented these changes. Together, our findings implicate the activation of brain GSK-3beta expression in enhanced contextual conditioning of adverse memories, which is associated with an individual susceptibility to a depressive syndrome.
Synthesis of Polydopamine Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide-Palladium Nanocomposite for Laccase Based Biosensor
Authors: Li Da-Wei , Luo Lei , Lv Peng-Fei , Wang Qing-Qing , Lu Ke-Yu , Wei An-Fang , Wei Qu-Fu
Published: July 2016

Graphene based 2D nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention in biosensing application due to the outstanding physicochemical properties of graphene. In this work, palladium nanoparticles (Pd) loaded reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid (rGO-Pd) was synthesized through a facile method. Laccase (Lac) was immobilized on rGO-Pd by utilizing the self-polymerization of dopamine, which generated polydopamine (PDA). The PDA-Lac-rGO-Pd nanocomposites were further modified on electrode surface to construct novel biosensing platform. The obtained electrochemical biosensor was applied in the detection of catechol, achieving excellent analytic results. Under the optimum condition, this biosensor possessed a linear range from 0.1 µM to 263 µM for catechol detection, the sensitivity reached 18.4 µA mM−1, and the detection limit was as low as 0.03 µM. In addition, the biosensor also showed good repeatability, reproducibility, anti-interference, and stability. Moreover, the novel Lac based biosensor was successfully used in the trace detection of catechol existing in real water environment.
A Modified TOPSIS Method Based onDNumbers and Its Applications in Human Resources Selection
Authors: Fei Liguo , Hu Yong , Xiao Fuyuan , Chen Luyuan , Deng Yong
Published: July 2016

Multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) is an important branch of operations research which composes multiple-criteria to make decision. TOPSIS is an effective method in handling MCDM problem, while there still exist some shortcomings about it. Upon facing the MCDM problem, various types of uncertainty are inevitable such as incompleteness, fuzziness, and imprecision result from the powerlessness of human beings subjective judgment. However, the TOPSIS method cannot adequately deal with these types of uncertainties. In this paper, aD-TOPSIS method is proposed for MCDM problem based on a new effective and feasible representation of uncertain information, calledDnumbers. TheD-TOPSIS method is an extension of the classical TOPSIS method. Within the proposed method,Dnumbers theory denotes the decision matrix given by experts considering the interrelation of multicriteria. An application about human resources selection, which essentially is a multicriteria decision-making problem, is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposedD-TOPSIS method.
Motivation System of Crowdsourcing Community from a Supply Chain Perspective
Authors: Pang Jiangang , Liu Zhiying
Published: July 2016

This paper uses principal-agent theory to study the issue of incentivizing crowdsourcing communities. It proves that enterprises can generate innovation plans of high quality and expected utility using the crowdsourcing community. Outsourcers can encourage high-quality people to join by adopting a linear variable compensation scheme and make the low-quality people quit by requiring them to supply more effort. The paper also shows that enterprises’ participation in crowdsourcing community innovation can effectively improve their innovative ability and that it is necessary for enterprises to construct an effective and cooperative innovative system combining crowdsourcing community innovation and their own internal innovation.
Autonomous Close Formation Flight Control with Fixed Wing and Quadrotor Test Beds
Authors: Rice Caleb , Gu Yu , Chao Haiyang , Larrabee Trenton , Gururajan Srikanth , Napolitano Marcello , Mandal Tanmay , Rhudy Matthew
Published: July 2016

Autonomous formation flight is a key approach for reducing energy cost and managing traffic in future high density airspace. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has allowed low-budget and low-risk validation of autonomous formation flight concepts. This paper discusses the implementation and flight testing of nonlinear dynamic inversion (NLDI) controllers for close formation flight (CFF) using two distinct UAV platforms: a set of fixed wing aircraft named “Phastball” and a set of quadrotors named “NEO.” Experimental results show that autonomous CFF with approximately 5-wingspan separation is achievable with a pair of low-cost unmanned Phastball research aircraft. Simulations of the quadrotor flight also validate the design of the NLDI controller for the NEO quadrotors.
Stock Selection into Portfolio by Fuzzy Quantitative Analysis and Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision Making
Authors: Yodmun Satit , Witayakiattilerd Wichai
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a stock selection approach assisted by fuzzy procedures. In this approach, stocks are classified into groups according to business types. Within each group, the stocks are screened and then ranked according to their investment weight obtained from fuzzy quantitative analysis. Groups were also ranked according to their group weight obtained from fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method (TOPSIS). The overall weight for each stock was then derived from both of these weights and used for selecting a stock into the portfolio. As a demonstration, our analysis procedures were applied to a test set of data.
Galloping Trajectory Generation of a Legged Transport Robot Based on Energy Consumption Optimization
Authors: Zhu Yaguang , Guo Tong
Published: July 2016

Legged walking robots have very strong operation ability in the complex surface and they are very suitable for transportation of tools, materials, and equipment in unstructured environment. Aiming at the problems of energy consumption of legged transport robot during the fast moving, a method of galloping trajectory planning based on energy consumption optimization is proposed. By establishing transition angle polynomials of flight phase, lift-off phase, and stance phase and constraint condition between each state phase, the locomotion equations of the ellipse trajectory are derived. The transition angle of each state phase is introduced into the system energy consumption equations, and the energy optimization index based on transition angles is established. Inverse kinematics solution and trajectory planning in one gait cycle are applied to genetic algorithm process to solve the nonlinear programming problem. The results show that the optimized distribution of transition angles of state phases is more reasonable, and joint torques and system energy consumption are reduced effectively. Thus, the method mentioned above has a great significance to realize fast operation outdoors of transport robot.
Decompressive Hemicraniectomy in Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction: The ‘Real World' Beyond Studies
Authors: Pledl Hans-Werner , Hoyer Carolin , Rausch Juliane , Ebert Anne D. , Seiz Marcel , Arp Mirko , Hennerici Michael G. , Alonso Angelika
Published: July 2016

Background: Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) is life-saving in patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMI), but outcome, perspectives and complications after DHC in daily practice are largely unknown. Methods: From 2008 until 2014, we extracted patient's characteristics as well as complications from our database for patients with MMI who underwent DHC. Additionally, we analysed medical records from the different rehabilitation steps. Results: We identified 48 consecutive patients (mean 57 years, 21 male, 41.7% >60 years) with MMI who underwent DHC. The decision for DHC was made on an individual basis, including patients without impaired consciousness or stroke onset >48 h. In-hospital patients achieved only marginal clinical improvement. Seventy-five percent attended an early-rehabilitation, 44% achieved post-stroke rehabilitation and 6% carried on late-stage rehabilitation. In all, 45.5% returned home after rehabilitation. In-hospital mortality was 14.6%, overall mortality was 16.7%. Surviving patients (78.9%) had a modified Rankin Scale of 4-5. Frequent neurologic complications were symptomatic epilepsy and delirium. Following DHC/bone-flap-reimplantation, wound-healing disorders, epidural hematoma and wound infections were major surgery-related complications. Pulmonary infections were frequent in the acute-phase and urinary tract infections were predominant in the late-phase. Conclusions: DHC is a life-saving technique in patients with MMI, but complications are frequent, were underestimated in randomized clinical trials and may worsen the functional outcome.
Reducing the Harmful Effects of Infrared Radiation on the Skin Using Bicosomes Incorporating β-Carotene
Authors: Fernández Estibalitz , Fajarí Lluís , Rodríguez Gelen , Cócera Mercedes , Moner Verónica , Barbosa-Barros Lucyanna , Kamma-Lorger Christina S. , de la Maza Alfonso , López Olga
Published: July 2016

Aim: In this work the effect of infrared (IR) radiation, at temperatures between 25 and 30°C, on the formation of free radicals (FRs) in the skin is studied. Additionally, the influence of IR radiation at high temperatures in the degradation of skin collagen is evaluated. In both experiments the protective effect against IR radiation of phospholipid nanostructures (bicosomes) incorporating β-carotene (Bcb) is also evaluated. Methods: The formation of FRs in skin under IR exposure was measured near physiological temperatures (25-30°C) using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide spin trap and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The study of the collagen structure was performed by small-angle X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation. Results: EPR results showed an increase in the hydroxyl radical in the irradiated skin compared to the native skin. The skin collagen was degraded by IR exposure at high temperatures of approximately 65°C. The treatment with Bcb reduced the formation of FRs and kept the structure of collagen. Conclusions: The formation of FRs by IR radiation does not depend on the increase of skin temperature. The decrease of FRs and the preservation of collagen fibers in the skin treated with Bcb indicate the potential of this lipid system to protect skin under IR exposure.
The Topography of Cortical Microinfarcts in Neurodegenerative Diseases and in Vascular Dementia: A Postmortem 7.0-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: De Reuck Jacques L. , Auger Florent , Durieux Nicolas , Cordonnier Charlotte , Deramecourt Vincent , Pasquier Florence , Maurage Claude-Alain , Leys Didier , Bordet Regis
Published: July 2016

Background: Cortical microinfarcts (CoMIs) are considered as barely visible lesions in clinical-neuroradiological correlation studies. On postmortem 7.0-tesla MRI, however, CoMIs of different size are easily detected. Summary: The present MRI study investigates 84 postmortem brains with different neurodegenerative diseases and vascular dementia (VaD) for their topographic distribution and the prevalence of CoMIs. The mean numbers of CoMIs were determined on 6 hemispheric coronal sections and in 22 different gyri with a 7.0-tesla MRI Bruker BioSpin SA. A large coronal section at the level of the mammillary body was also used for neuropathological evaluation. CoMIs were predominantly observed in the prefrontal and postcentral sections of VaD brains. The mean number of CoMIs was significantly increased in the inferior frontal and in the cingulate gyri of VaD brains compared to the controls. No topographic differences were observed in the neurodegenerative diseases. Key Messages: As the inferior frontal and the cingulated gyri are areas frequently involved in VaD, CoMIs in those strategic locations must have an impact on the evolution of the vascular cognitive decline in those patients.
Silver-Russell Syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome: Opposite Phenotypes with Heterogeneous Molecular Etiology
Authors: Õunap Katrin
Published: July 2016

Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) are 2 clinically opposite growth-affecting disorders belonging to the group of congenital imprinting disorders. The expression of both syndromes usually depends on the parental origin of the chromosome in which the imprinted genes reside. SRS is characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation with various additional clinical features such as hemihypertrophy, relative macrocephaly, fifth finger clinodactyly, and triangular facies. BWS is an overgrowth syndrome with many additional clinical features such as macroglossia, organomegaly, and an increased risk of childhood tumors. Both SRS and BWS are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and for clinical diagnosis, different diagnostic scoring systems have been developed. Six diagnostic scoring systems for SRS and 4 for BWS have been previously published. However, neither syndrome has common consensus diagnostic criteria yet. Most cases of SRS and BWS are associated with opposite epigenetic or genetic abnormalities in the 11p15 chromosomal region leading to opposite imbalances in the expression of imprinted genes. SRS is also caused by maternal uniparental disomy 7, which is usually identified in 5-10% of the cases, and is therefore the first imprinting disorder that affects 2 different chromosomes. In this review, we describe in detail the clinical diagnostic criteria and scoring systems as well as molecular causes in both SRS and BWS.
Morus alba L. Stem Extract Attenuates Pain and Articular Cartilage Damage in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection-Induced Rat Model of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Khunakornvichaya Arada , Lekmeechai Sujinna , Pham Phi Phuong , Himakoun Wanwisa , Pitaksuteepong Tasana , Morales Noppawan Phumala , Hemstapat Warinkarn
Published: July 2016

Aim: This study was designed to investigate the anti-nociceptive effect of Morus alba stem extract as well as its cartilage protective effect in the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced rat model of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: The anti-nociceptive effect of this plant extract was determined by measuring hind limb weight bearing, while the severity of cartilage damage to the knee joints was evaluated using the modified Mankin grading system. Results: Oral administration of M. alba stem extract (56 and 560 mg/kg) significantly attenuated joint pain as indicated by a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the values of percent weight borne on the operated hind limb for the OA-induced groups that received M. alba stem extract at 56 and 560 mg/kg when compared to those of the vehicle-treated OA-induced group. In addition, a significant improvement in the Mankin score was also observed in rats treated with 560 mg/kg M. alba stem extract, which was in agreement with its pain-relieving effect. Conclusion: The results showed that M. alba stem extract exhibited an anti-nociceptive effect as well as cartilage protection in the ACLT-induced rat model of OA, supporting its potential use as a therapeutic treatment for OA.
Temporal Tuning of Word- and Face-selective Cortex
Authors: Yeatman Jason D. , Norcia Anthony M.
Published: July 2016

Sensitivity to temporal change places fundamental limits on object processing in the visual system. An emerging consensus from the behavioral and neuroimaging literature suggests that temporal resolution differs substantially for stimuli of different complexity and for brain areas at different levels of the cortical hierarchy. Here, we used steady-state visually evoked potentials to directly measure three fundamental parameters that characterize the underlying neural response to text and face images: temporal resolution, peak temporal frequency, and response latency. We presented full-screen images of text or a human face, alternated with a scrambled image, at temporal frequencies between 1 and 12 Hz. These images elicited a robust response at the first harmonic that showed differential tuning, scalp topography, and delay for the text and face images. Face-selective responses were maximal at 4 Hz, but text-selective responses, by contrast, were maximal at 1 Hz. The topography of the text image response was strongly left-lateralized at higher stimulation rates, whereas the response to the face image was slightly right-lateralized but nearly bilateral at all frequencies. Both text and face images elicited steady-state activity at more than one apparent latency; we observed early (141–160 msec) and late (>250 msec) text- and face-selective responses. These differences in temporal tuning profiles are likely to reflect differences in the nature of the computations performed by word- and face-selective cortex. Despite the close proximity of word- and face-selective regions on the cortical surface, our measurements demonstrate substantial differences in the temporal dynamics of word- versus face-selective responses.
Empathy or Ownership? Evidence from Corticospinal Excitability Modulation during Pain Observation
Authors: Bucchioni Giulia , Fossataro Carlotta , Cavallo Andrea , Mouras Harold , Neppi-Modona Marco , Garbarini Francesca
Published: July 2016

Recent studies show that motor responses similar to those present in one's own pain (freezing effect) occur as a result of observation of pain in others. This finding has been interpreted as the physiological basis of empathy. Alternatively, it can represent the physiological counterpart of an embodiment phenomenon related to the sense of body ownership. We compared the empathy and the ownership hypotheses by manipulating the perspective of the observed hand model receiving pain so that it could be a first-person perspective, the one in which embodiment occurs, or a third-person perspective, the one in which we usually perceive the others. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) by TMS over M1 were recorded from first dorsal interosseous muscle, whereas participants observed video clips showing (a) a needle penetrating or (b) a Q-tip touching a hand model, presented either in first-person or in third-person perspective. We found that a pain-specific inhibition of MEP amplitude (a significantly greater MEP reduction in the “pain” compared with the “touch” conditions) only pertains to the first-person perspective, and it is related to the strength of the self-reported embodiment. We interpreted this corticospinal modulation according to an “affective” conception of body ownership, suggesting that the body I feel as my own is the body I care more about.
Prefrontal Cortex Activation Reflects Efficient Exploitation of Higher-order Statistical Structure
Authors: Ahlheim Christiane , Schiffer Anne-Marike , Schubotz Ricarda I.
Published: July 2016

Because everyday actions are statistically structured, knowing which action a person has just completed allows predicting the most likely next action step. Taking even more than the preceding action into account improves this predictability but also causes higher processing costs. Using fMRI, we investigated whether observers exploit second-order statistical regularities preferentially if information on possible upcoming actions provided by first-order regularities is insufficient. We hypothesized that anterior pFC balances whether or not second-order information should be exploited. Participants watched videos of actions that were structured by first- and second-order conditional probabilities. Information provided by the first and by the second order was manipulated independently. BOLD activity in the action observation network was more attenuated the more information on upcoming actions was provided by first-order structure, reflecting expectation suppression for more predictable actions. Activation in posterior parietal sites decreased further with second-order information but increased in temporal areas. As expected, second-order information was integrated more when less first-order information was provided, and this interaction was mediated by anterior pFC (BA 10). Observers spontaneously used both the present and the preceding action to predict the upcoming action, and integration of the preceding action was enhanced when the present action was uninformative.
An Anatomical Interface between Memory and Oculomotor Systems
Authors: Shen Kelly , Bezgin Gleb , Selvam Rajajee , McIntosh Anthony R. , Ryan Jennifer D.
Published: July 2016

Visual behavior is guided by memories from prior experience and knowledge of the visual scene. The hippocampal system (HC), in particular, has been implicated in the guidance of saccades: Amnesic patients, following damage to the HC, exhibit selective deficits in their gaze patterns. However, the neural circuitry by which mnemonic representations influence the oculomotor system remains unknown. We used a data-driven, network-based approach on directed anatomical connectivity from the macaque brain to reveal an extensive set of polysnaptic pathways spanning the extrastriate, posterior parietal and prefrontal cortices that potentially mediate the exchange of information between the memory and visuo-oculomotor systems. We additionally show how the potential for directed information flow from the hippocampus to oculomotor control areas is exceptionally high. In particular, the dorsolateral pFC and FEF—regions known to be responsible for the cognitive control of saccades—are topologically well positioned to receive information from the hippocampus. Together with neuropsychological evidence of altered gaze patterns following damage to the hippocampus, our findings suggest that a reconsideration of hippocampal involvement in oculomotor guidance is needed.
Adaptive Tactics: The Jewish Communities Facing New Reality
Authors: Frenkel Miriam
Published: July 2016

The paper deals with particular tactics, established during the Fatimid era, and thus additional to the traditional ones they already possessed, which permitted the Jews to define their niche within Fatimid society. It presents three of these tactics: 1. Production of historical and genealogical documents in order to ameliorate the status of dhimmīs and to achieve an intermediate position of privileged dhimmī. This is illustrated by an analysis of a Geniza document designed as a historical bill of rights accorded by the Prophet Muḥammad to the Jews of Khaybar. 2. The writing of literary-liturgical oeuvres that respond to current persecutions through a messianic interpretation hidden behind laudatory expressions to the Fatimid ruler. It is illustrated by an analysis of the liturgical composition known as “The Egyptian Scroll.” 3. Practices of mourning and repentance intended to cope with mass fear, illustrated through a record of testimony from 1030 about a traumatic event that almost took place in Ramla, but was prevented by a dream. Although the three tactics seem to be very diverse, they all responded to the Fatimid reality and used its language and norms.
Re-Envisioning Persecution: Imagining a Converted World
Authors: Shenoda Maryann M.
Published: July 2016

This essay seeks to make a contribution to the study of persecution (which has often been dominated by the European experience) by examining the case of Coptic Christians in Fatimid Egypt: How did they perceive and imagine persecution? This case is of special interest because of the vaunted “tolerance” of the Fatimids towards non-Muslims (with the exception of the caliph al-Ḥākim). The Copts’ sense of persecution throughout this period, and their resistance to Islamization, are perceived through an examination of two texts that each represent the topos of the prominent Muslim who converts to Coptic Christianity: first, the Faṣl min Maqāla Masīḥiyya preserved in Paris bnf Ms Arabe 131, where it is understood to be the caliph al-Muʿizz’s confession of Christian faith; and next, a recension of the well-known Muqaṭṭam miracle-account that places it during the reign of the caliph al-Ḥākim, as preserved in Monastery of St. Anthony, Ms Hist. 86.
The Martyrdom of Bifām Ibn Baqūra al-Ṣawwāf by Mawhūb ibn Manṣūr ibn Mufarrij and Its Fatimid Background
Authors: den Heijer Johannes
Published: July 2016

This paper discusses the primary Copto-Arabic literary source for the history of Fatimid Egypt, and indeed, for much of the history of Egypt in general: known as the History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, it was compiled in Arabic in the late eleventh century ce on the basis of earlier, mostly Coptic sources, by the Alexandrian notable Mawhūb ibn Manṣūr ibn Mufarrij, who added original Arabic materials of his own. Later continuations were added by others, from late Fatimid times up to the twentieth century. The first part of the paper is an outline of the textual history of the History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, its existing editions and their shortcomings, and the new critical edition that is now being prepared. This part also discusses the fundamentals of a meticulous method of textual criticism, close reading, and contextualization which should help to elucidate numerous problems of historic interpretation. In the subsequent sections of the paper, this same method is applied to a short text sample with an aim of, wherever possible, reconstructing Mawhūb’s original Arabic text, but also with the objective of illustrating how this late eleventh-century text may have been read by later generations. Finally, the freshly coined concept of “internal intertextuality” is employed to point to parallels with episodes that occur in the earlier parts of the Arabic History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, based on older Coptic sources. At the level of content, several new historical interpretations and corrections to older interpretations are offered. The text sample in question concerns the martyrdom of a young Copt, Bifām ibn Baqūra al-Ṣawwāf, during the imamate-caliphate of al-Mustanṣir Billāh (427/1036–487/1094). Throughout the paper, it is argued that narratives such as this, together with accounts of events belonging to the early Islamic period or even to pre-Islamic (Roman, Byzantine) history, are to be seen as emanating from the specific socio-cultural environment of the Coptic urban elite of the mid-Fatimid period.
A new species of Ampithoe Leach, 1814 (Senticaudata, Ampithoidae) from Brazilian coast
Authors: CORREIA FILIPE R. , GUEDES-SILVA ELKÊNITA , SOUZA-FILHO JESSER F.
Published: July 2016

In this paper we describe a new species from Brazilian waters, Ampithoe suapensis sp. nov., from Pernambuco State, Brazil. This species is readily separated from its congeners by the following states of characters: mandible with palp slender, with 2 long setae on distal margin of article 3; gnathopod 2 propodus oval with palm densely setose, extremely acute and lacking ornamentation, peduncle of male uropod 1 with a blunt interramal process. Also, a key for the Ampithoe species found in Brazilian waters is provided.
New taxa, new records and notes on Coleoxestia Aurivillius, 1912 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae)
Authors: GALILEO MARIA HELENA M. , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO
Published: July 2016

The following new records are reported: Coleoxestia julietae Galileo & Martins, 2006 (new department record in Bolivia; Peru, new country record); C. spinipennis spinipennis (Audinet-Serville, 1834) (Bolivia, new country record; French Guiana, new country record); C. nitida (Bates, 1872) (Bolivia, new country record); C. anthracina Martins & Monné, 2005 (Bolivia, new country record); C. glabripennis (Bates, 1870) (Peru, new country record; French Guiana, new country record); C. pubicornis (Gounelle, 1909) (Peru, new country record); C. rubromaculata (Gounelle, 1909) (Peru, new country record; French Guiana, new country record); C. rufosemivittata Tippmann, 1960 (Peru, new country record); C. illex (Gounelle, 1909) (Bolivia, new country record). Color pattern variation is reported for the first time in C. julietae and C. glabripennis (Bates, 1870). Presence of lateral spine on prothorax of Coleoxestia is reported for the first time in C. rufosemivittata Tippmann, 1960 and C. nitida. The male of C. spinifemorata Fragoso, 1993 is described. Two new species are described: C. weemsi from Trinidad and Tobago; C. bettellaorum from Bolivia.
Applying for Grant Funding as a Counseling Psychologist
Authors: Burrow-Sánchez Jason J. , Martin Jessica L. , Imel Zac E.
Published: July 2016

Counseling psychologists can benefit from grant funding because it can support their research and training of doctoral students. Now more than ever, universities across the nation are encouraging faculty to seek funding from external sources. This reality creates an opportunity for counseling psychologists to develop grant writing skills and take their research to new levels by obtaining funding to support larger scale studies or clinical interventions. We seek to provide a resource for counseling psychologists and doctoral students that provides guidance and tips for successfully seeking and applying for grants that fit areas of research common in our field. Topics covered in this article include how to get involved in the grant writing process, obtaining mentorship, crafting a successful application, and understanding the outcome of a grant review. Grant funding is an attainable goal for counseling psychologists at all stages of their training and career.
Reflections on Grant Writing From a Vocational Psychologist
Authors: Fouad Nadya A.
Published: July 2016

The author provides a reaction to articles in the major contribution on grant writing for counseling psychologists by Martens et al. and Burrow-Sánchez, Martin, and Imel. The author focuses her comments on three areas: reactions to the articles, her own grant-writing experiences, and additional recommendations.
Gendered visual activism: Documenting human rights abuse from the private sphere
Authors: Ginsburg Ruthie
Published: July 2016

This article focuses on the involvement of Palestinian women in video documentation as part of the project of the Israeli human rights organization B’Tselem. It claims that the house/home is a site of anti-colonial struggle and that this development results from a specific socio-political situation and techno-ethical position. Based on analyses of the political situation in the West Bank, as well as consideration of films and interviews with Palestinian women who have been given cameras by B’Tselem, this article examines the ‘spatialization’ of visual activism: that is, the ways that Palestinian women’s participation is allied with sites where political resistance intersects with a gendered setting.
An Eastern Orthodox Reflection on Papal Primacy: Olivier Clément’s Response to Ut Unum Sint and the Ecclesial Legacy of Patriarch Athenagoras I
Authors: Hugh-Donovan Stefanie
Published: July 2016

Russian émigré intellectuals and theologians in Paris brought a renewed faith rooted in Patristic Tradition into dialogue with Western modernity. Their creative work was developed and taken forward into the twenty-first century by Olivier Clément, one of the major figures of the ‘Paris School’ from the 1950s. The decision of the Russian émigré community to move from Russian ecclesial authority to come under Constantinople, and Clément’s own collaboration with Patriarch Athenagoras I, were early defining influences on him. The Second Vatican Council convoked by Pope John XXIII and the subsequent raising of anathemas by Paul VI and Athenagoras I led to ecclesial renewal and an ecumenical springtime in which many Orthodox and Catholic thinkers sought to bring Tradition and contemporary problems into a creative synthesis. Clément’s Orthodox interpretation of the three-fold structure of local, regional and universal primacy is his irenic response to John Paul II’s call for deeper reflection on Christian unity.
Changes in the pore characteristics of shale during comminution
Authors: Li Jing , Zhou Shixin , Fu Deliang , Li Yuanju , Ma Yu , Yang Yanan , Li Chengcheng
Published: July 2016

The correct understanding of shale pore characteristics is the foundation of shale gas exploration and development. Comminution is an essential sample pretreatment in many measurements of shale pore characteristics, but little is known about the influence of comminution on shale pore characteristics. This study utilizes low-pressure nitrogen adsorption and helium porosity measurements to investigate the evolution of shale pore characteristics during comminution. The results show that reducing the proportion of inaccessible pores and improving the gas diffusion efficiency are the main effects of comminution on the shale pore characteristics, resulting in an increase in measured porosity. The recommended analytical shale particle size for low-pressure nitrogen adsorption and helium porosity measurements is below 80 and 20 mesh, respectively. The proportion of inaccessible pores in shale investigated in this study ranges from 13.11 to 45.89% and shows a negative correlation with thermal maturity and a positive correlation with clay content. This suggests an improvement of organic pore accessibility during thermal evolution and a high content of inaccessible pores in clay minerals.
Grid voltage local regulation by a doubly fed induction generator–based wind turbine
Authors: Kesraoui Mohamed , Chaib Ahmed , Bendaoui Boujemaa , Achour Djalloul
Published: July 2016

Voltage regulation at point of common coupling using a doubly fed induction generator–based wind energy conversion system is achieved through reactive power control. Wind energy conversion system produces reactive power when the voltage is less than grid nominal voltage and it consumes it in the opposite case. In this article, a method to achieve this goal is proposed. It consists of controlling the reference value of the vector control system in order to affect the wind energy conversion system reactive power output. Two situations have been simulated. Sudden voltage increase and decrease were applied to the control system. Satisfying results have been obtained since the voltage at point of common coupling has been restored back to its initial value.
Perth as a ‘big’ city
Authors: Newman Peter
Published: July 2016

The bigness of cities has attracted much attention from urban academics and professionals whose perspective may be divided into two camps: productive science using agglomeration-based analysis or impact science using anxiety-based analysis. The two approaches need to be joined in order to resolve issues of urban ‘bigness’, and in this article the growth of Perth is used to illustrate the potential and challenges of this integration.
A Qualitative Study of Physician Perspectives on Prognostication in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Rasmussen Lisa Anne , Bell Emily , Racine Eric
Published: July 2016

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is the most frequent cause of neonatal encephalopathy and yields a great degree of morbidity and mortality. From an ethical and clinical standpoint, neurological prognosis is fundamental in the care of neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. This qualitative study explores physician perspectives about neurological prognosis in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. This study aimed, through semistructured interviews with neonatologists and pediatric neurologists, to understand the practice of prognostication. Qualitative thematic content analysis was used for data analysis. The authors report 2 main findings: (1) neurological prognosis remains fundamental to quality-of-life predictions and considerations of best interest, and (2) magnetic resonance imaging is presented to parents with a greater degree of certainty than actually exists. Further research is needed to explore both the parental perspective and, prospectively, the impact of different clinical approaches and styles to prognostication for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
Unemployment Insurance and the Great Recession
Authors: Kilgour John G.
Published: July 2016

The Unemployment Insurance system of the United States is a federal-state partnership. It responded well to the usual frictional unemployment and to the several recessions since its creation in 1935. The recent Great Recession beginning 2008, however, was its most severe test. Numerous extended-benefit programs were called upon to aid the large number of unemployed men and women who had exhausted their benefits. This article examines the performance of the Unemployment Insurance program during that test with emphasis on coverage, benefits, funding, the Unemployment Trust Fund and the several Extended Benefit programs. In addition to the entire United States system, it focuses on the experience of the five largest states: California, Florida, Illinois, New York and Texas as a sample of the whole.