bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corneal Edema Following Argon Laser Iridotomy
Authors: Wilhelmus Kirk R
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Laser iridotomy is generally a safe and effective procedure for narrow-angle glaucoma. However, since surgical success with the argon laser depends on a focal thermal effect, a corneal burn is a possible complication. I describe five patients with occludable anterior chamber angles and bilateral corneal guttata who developed uniocular progressive corneal edema with visual loss following argon laser iridotomy. These five patients underwent iridotomy with a total laser energy of 63, 48.5, 7, 25, and 25 J, respectively, and began to lose vision due to corneal edema immediately, and 5, 2, 4, and 2 years later, respectively. Following penetrating keratoplasty with cataract surgery, histopathology of the corneal buttons showed generalized endothelial cell loss in all five. Microstructural findings of guttata and thickened Descemet's membrane implied that prior endothelial dystrophy had predisposed these patients to laser-induced damage. Risk factors for immediate or delayed-onset bullous keratopathy after argon laser iridotomy include prior angle closure, preexisting endothelial guttata, and high laser energy with multiple applications. Recognizing the potential of this complication offers opportunities for preventive strategies.
Pterygium Surgery Using the Principle of Contact Inhibition and a Limbal Transplanted Pedicle Conjunctival Strip
Authors: Hara Tsutomu , Shoji Eiichi , Hara Takako , Obara Yoshitaka
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We have devised a new type of pterygium surgery, based on the principle of biological contact inhibition, involving the use of a 0.5-millimeter-wide pedicle autoconjunctival strip placed at the corneal limbus. Over a period of 2 years, the procedure has been performed in 56 eyes of 52 patients, 39 to 74 years old (mean, 57 ± 9 years), with primary pterygium. After an average follow up of 34 ± 6 months (range, 20 to 40 months), the pterygium recurred in six (10.7%) of the 56 eyes. There were no other significant postoperative complications. Although our method has the disadvantages of being somewhat complicated and involving a fair amount of suturing, the relatively low rate of recurrence achieved is encouraging.
Stripping of Descemet's Membrane: A Clinicopathologic Correlation
Authors: Pieramici Dante , Green W Richard , Stark Walter J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We describe a case of accidental injection of sodium hyaluronate (Healon) anterior to Descemet's membrane that caused the membrane to become almost completely detached. The patient eventually underwent penetrating keratoplasty, permitting histopathologic study of the detachment. Sodium hyaluronate globules in the space between the posterior stroma and Descemet's membrane were demonstrated by light and electron microscopy.

In addition, 111 consecutive cases of Descemet's membrane detachment identified pathologically were reviewed to identify potential predisposing risk factors and determine corneal pathologic changes. A history of previous intraocular surgery was present in 89 (80%) of the cases; cataract surgery, the most common, had occurred in 52 (58%). Frequent associated corneal pathologic findings were bullous keratopathy in 48 (43%) of the specimens, and scarring and vascularization in 33 (29.7%). In one case that was identified and studied histopathologically, a 90% detachment of Descemet's membrane was noted clinically following the reformation of the anterior chamber with sodium hyaluronate. We conclude that in the cases of Descemet's membrane detachment that came to pathologic examination, intraocular surgery was a major predisposing risk factor. Corneal pathologic changes, which were common, possibly masked the clinical diagnosis of Descemet's membrane detachment in some cases.
High-Resolution Ultrasound Biomicroscopy of the Anterior Segment in Patients With Dense Corneal Scars
Authors: Milner Mark S , Liebmann Jeffrey M , Tello Celso , Speaker Mark G , Ritch Robert
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Preoperative evaluation and surgical planning for penetrating keratoplasty in patients with dense cornea) scars is often difficult because of poor visualization of the anterior segment. We performed ultrasound biomicroscopy (50-megahertz frequency, 50-micron resolution) on five eyes of five patients with dense corneal opacities of different etiologies to evaluate the anatomic relationships of the iris, lens, angle, and ciliary body. Corneal thickness, the presence or absence of iridocorneal adhesions, peripheral anterior synechiae, and cyclitic membranes, intraocular lens position, and relationships among intraocular structures could be evaluated in vivo. Ultrasound biomicroscopy is the optimal method of obtaining reliable, high-resolution images delineating anatomic relationships and pathology in the anterior segment. This information aids in surgical planning for penetrating keratoplasty and anterior segment reconstruction.
Capsulorhexis Contracture in Phacoemulsification Surgery
Authors: Young Douglas A , Orlin Stephen E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We report two cases of capsulorhexis contracture and eventual complete closure after phacoemulsification surgery. The closures significantly decreased vision, but vision improved in both cases following successful Nd:YAG laser treatment.
Trabeculectomy With Mitomycin C in Glaucoma Associated With Uveitis
Authors: Prata João Antonio , Neves Renato A , Minckler Don S , Mermoud André , Heuer Dale K
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Twenty-four trabeculectomies performed in 24 patients for control of uveitic glaucoma were retrospectively evaluated to analyze the effect of intraoperative application of mitomycin C (MMC) on the short-term outcome of trabeculectomy for glaucoma associated with uveitis. Success rates, postoperative levels of intraocular pressure (IOP), and complications were studied. After a mean follow up of 9.87 months (range, 3 to 27 months), 18 eyes (75%) achieved an IOP of 21 mm Hg or less without antiglaucoma medications. The same IOP level with one antiglaucoma medication was achieved in four eyes (16.6%). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in IOP postoperatively during the period studied (P = .0001). Complications observed included exacerbation of the uveitis (12.5%), choroidal detachment (12.5%), hypotony (8.3%), postoperative shallow anterior chamber (4.2%), wound leak (4.2%), hyphema (4.2%), and macular edema (4.2%). The results of this retrospective and uncontrolled study suggest that intraoperative application of MMC may be a good option for enhancement of short-term trabeculectomy success rates in cases of uveitic glaucoma.
A Donor Corneal Patch Graft for an Incompetent Scleral Flap Following Trabeculectomy
Authors: Rumelt Shimon , Rehany Uri
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Prolonged postoperative hypotony may complicate filtration surgery, especially in conjunction with mitomycin-C. Incompetence of the scleral flap is one of the etiologic factors of hypotony. A persistent leak from an incompetent or traumatized scleral flap may necessitate surgical intervention, including patching techniques. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the following is the first report on using a partialthickness corneal allograft as a patch for an incompetent and leaking scleral flap. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:878-880.]
Fox's Modified Technique Using the Mersilene Mesh Sling in the Management of Blepharoptosis
Authors: Gabrieli Corrado Balacco , Recupero Santi Maria , Contestabile Maria Teresa , Pacella Elena , Abdolrahimzadeh Solmaz
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Frontalis suspension is the best surgical procedure for severe ptosis with poor or absent levator muscle function. In addition to autologous fascia lata, a variety of materials are available for suspension. The authors describe the use of Mersilene mesh slings developed to overcome the problems of failure, slippage, and extrusion commonly associated with various suspensory materials.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Brow suspension was performed in 20 ptotic eyelids of 14 patients. All patients had severe ptosis with levator function of 4 mm or less. The surgical technique used was a modified version of the method originally described by Fox using the Mersilene mesh sling.

* RESULTS: The improvement in lid height was evaluated by preoperative and postoperative vertical aperture measurements and ranged from 2 to 5 mm (average 3.5 mm). The results were maintained in all cases during a follow-up period of 18 months.

* CONCLUSION: The good functional and cosmetic results suggest that Fox's modified technique using the Mersilene mesh sling has a definite place in ptosis management.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:924-928.]
Airbag-Associated Injury Producing Cyclodialysis Cleft and Ocular Hypotony
Authors: Scott Ingrid U , Greenfield David S , Parrish Richard K
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Airbags have gained widespread acceptance as devices that reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with motor vehicle accidents. Recent reports of airbag-associated ocular injury suggest that further refinement in airbag technology may be warranted. The authors describe a patient who had a cyclodialysis cleft and ocular hypotony following injury to the eye from an airbag. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:955-957.]
Risk Factors for Elevated Intraocular Pressure After the Use of Intraocular Gases in Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Chen Philip P , Thompson John T
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors studied the contribution of multiple factors, including gas type and concentration, to postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation following vitreoretinal surgery with intraocular gas.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred seventy-one eyes of 134 patients were retrospectively investigated after vitreoretinal surgery using air, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) (I0%-30%), or perfluoropropane (C3F8) (5%-35%).

* RESULTS: IOPs greater than 25 mm Hg occurred in 74 of 171 eyes (43%). Elevated IOP was associated with increasing patient age (P < .001), expansile gas concentrations (P < .001), use OfC3F8 (P= .01), and circumferential scleral buckles (P = .04). Most IOP elevations (65 eyes, 88%) occurred within 24 hours and responded to aqueous suppression within 24 to 72 hours.

* CONCLUSIONS: Transient IOP elevation is common following vitreoretinal surgery. Although it is responsive to treatment, it may pose a risk to some eyes. Prophylactic treatment should be considered in high-risk eyes.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:37-42.]
Delayed Reattachment of Extraocular Muscles in Rabbits Using Thin Polytetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Hwang Jeong-Min , Chang Bong Leen
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors attempted to find a way to perform reliable delayed suture adjustment so that surgeons can investigate whether delayed adjustment actually gives more reliable and stable results. To prevent the formation of postoperative adhesions and delay the time of adjustment, the authors used polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a mechanical barrier.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: PTFE was placed between the free muscle end and the sclera as a physical barrier in 16 rabbits.

* RESULTS: PTFE could delay the adjustment for up to 4 weeks after surgery in 4 of 10 eyes in each group. After removal of PTFE, adjustment was possible up to 12 weeks because there was no adhesion between the muscle and the PTFE.

* CONCLUSION: Adjustment could be delayed up to 4 weeks in 40% of the experimental eyes using PTFE as a physical barrier.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:59-64.]
Pars Plana Cicatrization of Sewn-In Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Haptics
Authors: McDermott Mark L , Puklin James E
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The authors describe the unexpected finding of cicatrization of posterior chamber lens haptics to the pars plana. This was found during removal of a secondary, transscleral sewn-in pseudophakos during a retinal reattachment procedure. Ophthalmic history and intraoperative photography revealed pars plana cicatrization of haptics. Despite removal of trans-scleral prolene fixation sutures and application of gentle traction, the posterior chamber lens haptics remained firmly adherent to pars plana retina. The haptics were amputated to prevent significant chorioretinal damage. The conventional belief that all sewn-in posterior chamber intraocular lenses cause little or no scarring response around the haptics may be unrounded. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:239-240.]
Cataract Extraction as a Means of Treating Postfiltration Hypotony Maculopathy
Authors: Sibayan Santiago Antonio B , Igarashi Sachiko , Kasahara Niro , Montenegro Martha H , Simmons Richard J , Simmons Ruthanne B , Smith Thomas J
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Hypotony maculopathy may arise after glaucoma filtering surgery. This can be treated by inducing inflammation and scarring within the filter, with the aim of increasing intraocular pressure (IOP) and promoting resolution of maculopathy. Cataract extraction can promote such inflammation. Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation was performed in two consecutive patients with postfiltration hypotony maculopathy and preexisting cataracts. After cataract extraction, improvement of IOP, visual acuity, maculopathy, and metamorphopsia occurred in both patients. Cataract extraction can be beneficial in the management of postfiltration hypotony maculopathy. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:241-243.]
Transscleral Ciliary Body Photodynamic Therapy Using Phthalocyanine and a Diode Laser: Functional and Morphologic Implications in Albino Rabbits
Authors: Tsilimbaris Miltiadis K , Naoumidi Irini I , Naoumidis Leonidas P , Papageorgiou Evangelia , Pallikaris Ioannis G
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the morphologic and functional effects of ciliary body photodynamic therapy (PDT) using phthalocyanine and a diode laser.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The upper half of the left eye ciliary body of 16 albino rabbits was irradiated transsclerally using a 670-nm diode laser (400 mW/cm2) after intravenous injection of phthalocyanine (6 mg/kg). The animals were observed for a maximum of 2 months by means of tonometry, biomicroscopy, and fundus examination. At the end of the follow-up period, they were killed and their eyes were prepared for light and electron microscopy.

RESULTS: Transscleral PDT resulted in intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction in the treated eye, which lasted about 2 weeks. During this time, the treated eye had IOP values that were significandy lower than its baseline IOP values and the IOP values of the untreated eye (P < .05). One month after the procedure, the IOP had returned to baseline values. Histologic examination revealed vascular endothelial cell damage causing vascular thrombosis in the treated areas. The architecture of the two ciliary epithelium layers showed a significant abnormality. Disappearance of epithelial apical junction complexes and loss of the normal b-cytomembrane enfolding were observed in the course of electron microscopic examination. Large intercellular spaces between epithelial cells were noticed. All of these changes had subsided by the end of the second postoperative month.

CONCLUSION: Transscleral phthalocyaninemediated PDT with the parameters used in this experiment results in significant but temporary functional and morphologic alterations in the ciliary bodies of albino rabbits.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:483-494.]
Utilizing Gravity in the Removal of a Large Intraocular Foreign Body
Authors: Ferencz Joseph R , Harel Orly , Assia Ehud I
Published: April 2021

Abstract. This article describes an unconventional technique for the removal of a nonmagnetic intraocular foreign body that is too large or too smooth to be grasped by intraocular forceps and does not float on perfluorocarbon liquids. By flipping the patient to a face-down position and allowing the gravitational forces to help remove the object, one can hope to avoid further ocular damage. This approach should be considered in similar cases of very large and smooth intravitreal foreign bodies to avoid severe and irreversible damage to the retina. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:508-5091
Surgical Reconstruction for Angle-Closure Glaucoma Due to a Flat Anterior Chamber Following Trabeculectomy
Authors: Tanihara Hidenobu , Inatani Masaru , Kobori Akira , Honda Yoshihito
Published: April 2021

Abstract. In cases in which filtration surgery such as trabeculectomy is necessary, a flat anterior chamber postoperatively due to overfiltration may cause severe problems in the control of intraocular pressure. Once a broad synechia has formed between the iris and the corneal endothelium, this type of refractory, surgically induced angle closure can be difficult to manage. This article details a case of refractory angle-closure glaucoma secondary to a flat anterior chamber following trabeculectomy. Multiple surgical treatments were performed to control intraocular pressure and to reconstruct the anterior segment of the eye. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:510-512.]
An Intraocular Telescopic Lens for Macular Degeneration
Authors: Lipshitz Isaac , Loewenstein Anat , Reingewirtz Meir , Laza Moshe
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Age-related macular degeneration is a leading cause of visual loss in adults older than 60 years of age. Once vision has been seriously compromised, the only means of improving visual function ore optical devices that produce magnification of images. These devices fall into three categories: (1) high-plus lenses, (2) external telescopes, and (3) a high-minus center intraocular lens combined with external high-plus glasses. The authors designed a new intraocular lens with an entire telescope in its center. In vitro tests were performed to evaluate modulation transfer function, visual field, and optical aberrations. Implantation in cadaver eyes was performed to test the surgical technique and safety. Test results showed that satisfactory modulation transfer function and optic aberration were achieved, and implantation in cadaver eyes was proven to be feasible and safe. It was concluded that a fully implanted intraocular telescopic lens is an effective optical solution for age-related macular degeneration. [OphtJialmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:513-517.]
Endothelial Corneal Damage After Neodymium: YAG Laser Treatment: Pupillary Membranectomies, Iridotomies, Capsulotomies
Authors: Kozobolis Vassilios P , Detorakis Efstathios T , Vlachonikolis Ioannis G , Pallikaris Ioannis G
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the corneal changes after Nd: YAG laser pupillary membranectomies (group A), iridotomies (group B), and capsulotomies (group C) in a follow-up period of 6 months.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Nd:YAG laser was applied to 3 different groups of patients. Specular microscopy, including the counting of corneal thickness and cell density, the percentage of hexagonal cells, and the cell area, was performed preoperatively and postoperatively.

* RESULTS: Some dark areas were recorded in the corneal endothelium in groups A and B. A nonstatistically significant decrease of cell density was recorded by the end of the first month. A significant loss of endothelial cells during the sixth month was recorded in groups A and C.

* CONCLUSION: The appearance of dark areas in the corneal endothelium is mainly related to the total energy delivered. The YAG laser treatments do not provoke an immediate and conspicuous loss of the endothelial cells, but may act as a stimulus for an accelerated loss of endothelial cells.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:793-802.]
Surgical Outcome of Transconjunctival Cryosurgical Extraction of Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: Gdal-On Mordechai , Gelfand Yuval A
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Transconjunctival cryosurgical extraction (TCE) is not an accepted method for the removal of most intraorbital tumors, and thus is not routinely performed. This study evaluates TCE for orbital cavernous hemangioma (OCH), which, due to its specific vascular structure, is suitable for this technique.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective case series, the medical charts of 12 consecutive patients with OCH who underwent TCE were reviewed. The operative complications and the surgical outcome were analyzed.

* RESULTS: Eleven tumors were intraconal and 1 was extraconal. No tumor involved the orbital apex. In 10 patients (83%), the operation was uneventful. One patient lost vision due to intraoperative cilioretinal arterial occlusion. In another patient, the tumor could not be identified and was subsequently removed via lateral orbitotomy.

* CONCLUSION: TCE, a relatively minor operation, is as safe as more extensive surgical procedures for the removal of OCH not located in the posterior third of the orbital space.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:969-973.]
An Extruded Encircling Band Straddling the Cornea and Corneal Groove Formation
Authors: Saatci A Osman , Durak Ismet , Tongal Sevgi , Ergin Mehmet
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The authors report a rare consequence of an anteriorly migrated encircling silicone band. The extruded encircling band, which "cheesewired" forward through the superior and medial rectus insertions straddled the cornea firmly and formed a corneal groove. Corneal groove is an extremely rare complication of scleral buckling surgery. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:991-992.]
Corneal Autografting: A Systematic Approach
Authors: Rao Srinivas K , Fogla Rajesh , Sitalakshmi Guruswamy , Padmanabhan Prema
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To describe a systematic approach to corneal autografting.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of case records of 3 patients who underwent this procedure.

* RESULTS: All patients achieved satisfactory visual recovery. Oversized grafts of 0.5 mm had less postoperative complications in the recipient eye. A phakic blind eye that received a 0.5 mm undersized graft had a temporary ocular hypertensive phase.

* CONCLUSIONS: Corneal autografting is a safe and effective technique in selected patients. The preferred surgical technique consists of surgery first on the blind eye, excision of a 0.5 mm oversized donor graft, cataract extraction if the eye is phakic, and use of an appropriate temporary keratoprosthesis to maintain donor eye integrity until autografting is completed in the eye with visual potential.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:457-461]
Treatment of Cystoid Macular Edema Related to Retinitis Pigmentosa With Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide
Authors: Saraiva Vinicius S , Sallum Juliana M F , Farah Michel E
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A case of cystoid macular edema related to retinitis pigmentosa treated with intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide is described. A 30-year-old white man with retinitis pigmentosa and progressive visual loss presented with a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 in the right eye and 20/80 in the left eye. Examination revealed cystoid macular edema in both eyes. After failure of treatment with oral acetazolamide, intravitreal injection of 0.1 mL of triamcinolone acetonide 0.4% solution was performed in both eyes. In the left eye, macular edema resorbed and visual acuity improved to 20/50. However, 6 months after injection, visual acuity worsened because of recurrence of cystoid macular edema. In the right eye, cystoid macular edema also resorbed, but visual acuity was unchanged. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide may be useful for selected cases of cystoid macular edema related to retinitis pigmentosa. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:398-400.]
Enlarged Diode Laser Spot Using Indirect Ophthalmoscope Delivery in Conjunction With Indocyanine Green to Treat Large Choroidal Neovascularizations
Authors: Reategui-Escalante Guillermo , Murillo-Lopez Sergio A , Romero-Castro Rosa M , Suarez-Tata Luis M , Guerrero-Naranjo Jose L , Quiroz-Mercado Hugo
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a new method of delivering diode laser (810 nm) spots through an indirect ophthalmoscope in conjunction with intravenous indocyanine green to treat choroidal neovascularizations (CNVs) larger than 5,400 µm.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series study was conducted with 8 patients with CNV secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Laser pulses were applied to the CNV within 5 minutes of an intravenous injection of 25 mg of indocyanine green. The laser spot was enlarged up to one disc diameter by shortening the distance between the indirect ophthalmoscope and the 20-diopter viewing lens. The follow-up period was 3 months.

* RESULTS: Three eyes had an improvement in visual acuity of more than 2 lines, and fluorescein angiography showed stabilization of the membrane and reduction of the hemorrhages and subretinal fluid at the last follow-up. Three other eyes maintained the same visual acuity and two had a decrease in visual acuity of more than 2 lines at the 3-month follow-up examination.

* CONCLUSION: Laser treatment delivered through an indirect ophthalmoscope system may be used as a palliative treatment for CNVs larger than 5,400 µm.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003:34:446450.]
Treatment of Intracameral Fibrinous Membranes With Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Erol Nazmiye , Özer Ahmet , Topbas Seyhan , Yildirim Nilgün , Yurdakul Sumru
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of intracameral tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the treatment of severe fibrinous membranes that do not respond to anti-inflammatory treatment.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this technique, 0.1 mL of aqueous was aspirated, followed by injection of 0.1 mL (25 ug) of tPA into the anterior chamber in 15 patients with severe fibrinous membranes that developed after pars plana vitrectomy (n = 6), cataract extraction (n = 4), combined cataract and glaucoma surgery (n = 2), trabeculectomy (n = 1), and endophthalmitis (n = 2). The clearance of fibrinous membranes and changes in visual acuity and in intraocular pressure were observed.

* RESULTS: Patients were treated 2 to 10 days postoperatively (mean, 5.6 ± 0.57 days). Complete fibrinolysis was observed in all cases. The mean time for clearance of fibrin was 7.73 ± 2.73 hours. A temporary increase in intraocular pressure was noted in two cases.

* CONCLUSION: In this technique, intracameral injection of 25 µg of tPA is both effective and safe in the treatment of severe fibrinous membranes that do not respond to anti-inflammatory treatment.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:451456.]
Iris Retraction and Retroflexion After Transscleral Contact Diode Laser Photocoagulation
Authors: Sony Parul , Sudan Rajeev , Pangtey Mayank S , Khokhar Sudarshan , Kumar Harsh
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A 9-year-old girl with refractory glaucoma with an anterior chamber intraocular lens underwent transscleral contact diode laser cyclophotocoagulation. Slit-lamp examination and ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed iris retraction and retroflexion at 2 weeks of follow-up. The probable cause of this complication is discussed. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003; 34:470-471.]
Photodynamic Therapy With Verteporfin for Classic Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Focal Laser Photocoagulation for Radiation Retinopathy
Authors: Bakri Sophie J , Beer Paul M
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A 50-year-old patient developed extrafoveal predominantly classic choroidal neovascularization in the right eye 2 months after undergoing focal laser photocoagulation for macular edema with hard exudates secondary to radiation retinopathy, with vision dropping from 20/20 to 20/100. The choroidal neovascularization responded to three verteporfin photodynamic therapy treatments with angiographie closure, which persisted for more than 15 months after the last treatment. At last follow-up 15 months after the third treatment, visual acuity improved by 8 lines to 20/20. Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin may be useful for treating patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to argon laser photocoagulation. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:475-477.]
Macular Hole After Peeling of the Internal Limiting Membrane in Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Yoon Kyung-Chul , Seo Man-Seong
Published: April 2021

Abstract A 61-year-old man had peeling of the internal limiting membrane using indocyanine green in combination with pars plana vïtrectomy for the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema in the fight eye. As the macular edema began to improve, a small macular hole was noticed, which progressed rapidly. After fluid-gas exchange with 10% perfluoropropane, the macular hole was closed. Caution may be needed to reduce the mechanical stress on the fovea when the internal limiting membrane is peeled in diffuse diabetic macular edema. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers imaging 2003:34:478-479.]
Optical Coherence Tomography for Retinal Detachment With a Macular Hole in a Highly Myopic Eye
Authors: Baba Takayuki , Hirose Akira , Kawazoe Yuko , Mochizuki Manabu
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Optical coherence tomography can facilitate observation of the macula in highly myopic eyes, which may be difficult using an ophthalmoscope because of myopic chorioretinal atrophy. The use of optical coherence tomography to record the process of retinal reattachment and closure of a macular hole in a highly myopic eye following macular buckling surgery is described. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003:34:483-484.]
The Phaco Hemi-Flip: A Method of Lens Removal in Nuclei of Soft to Moderate Density
Authors: Tam Diamond Y. , Ahmed Iqbal Ike K.
Published: April 2021

Although endocapsular nuclear fragmentation chopping techniques have allowed surgeons to decrease the amount of dissipated phaco energy in the anterior chamber and improve lens removal efficiency when compared with previous techniques, chopping maneuvers carry a small risk of capsular and zonular injury. Furthermore, in softer lenses, chopping techniques may be limited in providing sufficient nuclear cracking. Additionally, with torsional phaco technologies, adequate lens purchase may be suboptimal and lead to inefficient chopping. Supracapsular phaco techniques improve capsular safety, but may be challenging in small pupil/capsulorrhexis cases and place the corneal endothelium and anterior chamber tissues at greater risk to trauma from ultrasound energy. The phaco hemi-flip technique combines the advantages of these two approaches with a single endocapsular quick chop, followed by phacoaspiration removal of each heminucleus in the iris plane without further chopping or segmentation.
A multigrid based finite difference method for solving parabolic interface problem
Authors: Feng Hongsong , Zhao Shan
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a new Cartesian grid finite difference method is introduced to solve two-dimensional parabolic interface problems with second order accuracy achieved in both temporal and spatial discretization. Corrected central difference and the Matched Interface and Boundary (MIB) method are adopted to restore second order spatial accuracy across the interface, while the standard Crank-Nicolson scheme is employed for the implicit time stepping. In the proposed augmented MIB (AMIB) method, an augmented system is formulated with auxiliary variables introduced so that the central difference discretization of the Laplacian could be disassociated with the interface corrections. A simple geometric multigrid method is constructed to efficiently invert the discrete Laplacian in the Schur complement solution of the augmented system. This leads a significant improvement in computational efficiency in comparing with the original MIB method. Being free of a stability constraint, the implicit AMIB method could be asymptotically faster than explicit schemes. Extensive numerical results are carried out to validate the accuracy, efficiency, and stability of the proposed AMIB method.
Las independencias en el norte del Perú: la intendencia de Trujillo y la opción patriota (1820-1823)
Authors: Hernández García Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

Este artículo es una propuesta de análisis del proceso de independencia de Trujillo, es decir del espacio norte peruano, en su conjunto. Los aspectos tratados giran en torno a la existencia de un discurso político previo de afirmación de la localidad; los acontecimientos que condicionaron el cambio a la opción patriota; las proclamaciones de independencia y las contrarrevoluciones; los liderazgos locales; los enfrentamientos políticos entre los partidos de la intendencia de Trujillo en el Perú ya independiente; y las reivindicaciones regionales en la relación entre Trujillo y la capital de la república del Perú. Teniendo en cuenta estas perspectivas, se busca ir más allá de la consideración de una región norte que fue la primera en proclamar su independencia en el contexto nacional. En el camino tanto a la proclamación como a la consolidación de la independencia nacional, la intendencia de Trujillo no fue una entidad uniforme.
Las campañas a los puertos intermedios y la fase «peruana» de la independencia
Authors: Sobrevilla Perea Natalia
Published: April 2021

A pesar de que la historiografía peruana ha dejado de lado el estudio de las dos campañas conocidas como campañas a los puertos intermedios, localizados entre el Callao y Valparaíso, dichas campañas constituyen uno de los momentos más importantes de la llamada fase «peruana» de la independencia, aunque ambas incursiones terminaran en derrotas. A pesar de ello, las campañas merecen recibir más atención académica porque fueron las que tuvieron una mayor movilización por parte de los peruanos, porque de haber tenido éxito habrían dado lugar en esta zona del continente a estados muy diferentes de los que existen actualmente y porque los problemas que surgieron en estas campañas mostraron las dificultades a las que se enfrentarían los nuevos estados emergentes.
Un site d’habitat du Hallstatt final et de la Tène ancienne à Pfulgriesheim (Bas-Rhin)
Authors: Balzer Ines , Meunier Katia , Adam Anne-Marie
Published: April 2021

Le site de Pfulgriesheim comprend des structures d’habitat datées du Hallstatt final à La Tène ancienne. Ce sont plus particulièrement les structures de La Tène ancienne qui font l’objet de cet article. Leur mobilier, modeste mais formant un ensemble cohérent, permet d’enrichir les données des contextes d’habitat de cette période, peu abondantes en Alsace. La céramique, tournée et non tournée, en constitue l’élément chronologique majeur et permet de préciser des contacts avec l’outre-Rhin. Par ailleurs, un squelette de porcelet disposé au fond d’un des silos représente un fait rare et délicat à interpréter.
L’effet des socialisations scolaire et professionnelle sur les pratiques de travail en IFSI.
Authors: Lermusiaux Alice
Published: April 2021

Le présent article montre que la socialisation scolaire secondaire a des effets sur certaines pratiques de travail dans l’enseignement supérieur. L’observation directe des cours au sein de la formation en soins infirmiers et l’objectivation systématique de certaines pratiques de travail permettent ici de non seulement décrire les spécificités du travail étudiant dans cette voie professionnalisante de l’enseignement supérieur, mais aussi de mettre en évidence l’existence de variations de pratiques de travail au sein d’une même filière. Bien que confrontés aux mêmes modalités d’enseignement, les étudiants en soins infirmiers investissent différemment le travail qui leur incombe. L’observation croisée de deux espaces distincts (enseignement secondaire et enseignement supérieur) révèle qu’ils tendent à réinvestir les comportements valorisés dans leur formation antérieure et à se montrer plus investis dans les types de cours auxquels ils ont été habitués.
L’« intensité » du curriculum en service social : un apprentissage en tension entre standardisation scolaire et qualification professionnelle
Authors: Iori Ruggero
Published: April 2021

L’article montre comment la filière en service social met en place un cadrage qui favorise la construction d’un rapport déterminé au temps, en lien avec le futur emploi d’assistante sociale. Produit par l’institution et appuyé par des formateurs qui l’incarnent, le curriculum contribue à structurer des manières d’étudier, de concevoir la formation et de s’y engager, vers l’entrée en poste. Cette formation n’arrive toutefois pas à asseoir une emprise totale sur ses membres. L’article met en évidence qu’en fonction de leur profil, les étudiants se conforment plus ou moins à ces prescriptions professionnelles, même si l’intensité des formes de travail et de contenus demandées contribue à façonner un ethos professionnel spécifique.
Multiple and Sustained Climaxes in Icelandic Post-Rock: For an Expansion of the Notion of Musical Climax
Authors: Brachet Marion
Published: April 2021

Effects produced by music and sex are similar insofar as they make us feel the present moment intensely (Frith 1996): this is probably the reason why our discourses frequently borrow vocabulary from the sexual lexical field when we want to name instants where our musical perception is most stimulated. The word “climax” is a transparent example, since it can literally refer to an orgasm, but is also used to talk about the intensity peak of a piece of music. This metaphor comes with unfortunate restrictions, in this case, the viewing of a climax as the equivalent of one standardized representation of male pleasure – the single orgasm. Yet, to see a musical climax as an intensity peak preceded by a crescendo and followed by an immediate fallout has its limits. It is generally relevant in tonal, classical music, but this outline loses its accuracy when it comes to other genre families, like rock music, which progresses step by step, and does not necessarily include one precise identifiable peak.This article focuses on a post-rock corpus and shows the importance of a more flexible use of the notion of climax in musicology. The studied climaxes, shaped as long sections instead of one-time peaks, illustrate how musical analysis can benefit from alternative templates, namely those of multiple and sustained orgasms. Using these two models as formal references, and relying on Brad Osborn’s work (2013), which evidenced the role of terminal climactic sections in recent rock music, this paper stresses the internal crescendos of the climactic sections often – but not exclusively – heard in post-rock. Their form, instrumentation, harmonic strategies, use of technology and performance highlight the main characteristics of these expanded climaxes: an extended temporality, replicability and reduced teleology.
A Novel Approach for Detection of Moving Objects in Complex Scenes Using Fuzzy Colour Difference Histogram
Authors: Dewan Prerna , Nivedita Nivedita , Kumar Rakesh
Published: April 2021

Background subtraction schematic is widely used for motion detection. For effective automation of this process, a robust algorithm with high accuracy is needed. One of the major challenges of such algorithms is the identification of objects from an environment with composite elements that may be a dynamic background, frames with a camouflaged background and foreground pixels, and consecutive frames with varying illumination. The existing system uses a multi-color space histogram superposition principle having the biggest challenge of choosing appropriate color components in suitable proportion. Overcoming this challenge, a novel approach, MODITBS, processed in a differential domain, is proposed. A fuzzified color difference histogram-based background modeling is done to significantly deal with complex background scenes followed by principal component analysis-based feature extraction. The foreground objects detected are enhanced using a Kalman filter. The results show that MODITBS attains an accuracy of 95.16% in comparison to the existing system having an accuracy of 91.25%.
Testicular microlithiasis seen in primary infertility
Authors: Sheyin John , Chom Nuhu D
Published: April 2021

Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is rare and usually asymptomatic. It is usually bilateral but has been reported on single testis. TM is defined as five microliths on a single sonogram; it is divided into classical TM and limited TM. There is association between TM and neoplasm. A 34-year-old male presented with a history of primary infertility. Investigations done were normal, except for semen analysis and scrotal ultrasound. The scrotal scan showed multiple hyperechoic foci in both testes. The patient did not come for follow-up in the clinic. Ultrasound is used to diagnose TM in a case of infertility
Helping Older People Breathe More Easily
Authors: Alderman Chris
Published: April 2021

One important type of clinically significant lung disease that is frequently encountered by pharmacists working in consultant roles is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Data recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association suggests that about 6% of people from the United States aged 40 years or older report a COPD diagnosis, and a major illness affecting more than 1 in 20 of the nation's population is unequivocally an important public health priority. Moreover, in the same report, high rates of comorbidities such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension, heart disease, and cancer are noted, along with increasing emergency department presentations and increasing expenditure on drug therapy used for COPD management.
Yield and yield attributes of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor subspecies Saccharatum (L.) Moench. varieties as influenced by weed control treatments and plant population in the semi arid region of Nigeria
Authors: Jantar H.J. , Adekpe D.I. , Bature S.M. , Hussaini Y
Published: April 2021

Field trial was conducted during the 2012 and 2013 wet seasons at Institute for Agricultural Research,Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Farms at Kadawa and Minjibir, (110 39’N, 080 20’E) and Kano (120 08’ N, 080 40’ E)500m above sea level in the Semi arid ecological zone of Nigeria, to study the influence of weed control treatment and plant population on yield and yield attributes of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench. sub-species. saccharatum) varieties. The treatments consisted of four levels of weed control treatment (one rate each of atrazine and primextra gold at 2.1 kg a.i/ha, hoe-weeded control at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) and weedy check), three plant densities (53,333, 106,667, and 160,000 plants/ha), and two varieties(NTJ2 and Ex-Daura). The treatments were laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The combination of weed control treatment and the plant population were assigned to main plot while the two varieties to sub-plot. The study revealed that primextra gold at 2.1 kg a.i/haand two hoe-weeding at 3 and 6 WAS resulted in significantly longer panicle length, higher 1000-grain weight, stalk, grain, and brix yields in both seasons and locations.T he performance of this herbicide was comparable to hoeweeding in keeping the trial fields weed free and lower competition for nutrients at both location seasons. Weedy check reduced all yields and yield attributes. The 160,000 plants/ha significantly suppressed weed infestation and resulted in longer panicles, higher 1000-grain weight, stalk, grains and brix yields at the two the locations and seasons. NTJ2 performed better in term yield and yield attributes, with higher stalk yield at Kadawa and grain yield at Minjibir. Based on the result obtained from this , it can be concluded that the use of NTJ2 variety, with application of primextra gold at 2.1 kg a.i/ha, and 160,000 plant population and NTJ2 variety had resulted gave season long weed control, the highest stalk and grain yields at Kadawa and Minjibir.Keywords: Grainand stalk yields, plant population, sweet sorghum and weed control
The role of geological structures on groundwater occurrence and flow in crystalline basement aquifers: a status review
Authors: Idris M.A. , Garba M.L. , Kasim S.A. , Madabo I.M. , Dandago K.A.
Published: April 2021

The paper is review on the role of geological structures on groundwater occurrence and flow in Crystalline Basement aquifers. The aim was to study the existing available literatures in order to evaluate structural/lineaments (faults, joints/fractures, folds, shear zone etc.) their influences and controls of groundwater occurrence and flow of bedrock of crystalline rocks of igneous and/or metamorphic origin. Groundwater in the basement aquifers resides/occurs within the weathered overburden and fractured bedrocks which originate from rainfall through the process of hydrological cycle. Remote sensing technique uses satellite imagery or aerial photograph to identify linear features on the ground and attempts to relate these lines to geologic structures capable of transmitting and storing large quantities of groundwater. Faults, joints/fractures and folds act as conduit and make rocks excellent aquifers. These features also, served as channels for groundwater movement which may results to an increased in secondary porosity, permeability and therefore, can results as a groundwater prospective/promising zones in crystalline basement rocks. Keywords: Basement Terrain, Groundwater, Lineament, Movement, Occurrence
Petrographic and structural analysis of exposed rocks of Musawa Sheet 56, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Mbitsa Kitha , Idris Musa Ado
Published: April 2021

This work is among the few studies conducted in Musawa sheet 56 NE, which is part of the basement complex rocks of TudunWulli - Kankia area. The study area lies between Latitude 12º 19ʹ 00ʹʹ to 12º 23ʹ 00ʹʹN and longitude 7º 42ʹ 00ʹʹ to 7º 46ʹ 00ʹʹN. Due to the continuous play of geologic processes on the earth, there is the need to continuously update the geology of the Nigeria basement complex as this has a very important economic implication especially in areas like mineral and groundwater exploration. Equally, less attention has been given to this sheet unlike other sheets within the zone. The study done in this area has revealed the various rock types and their geological characteristics: field relation, macroscopic and microscopic features as well as structural elements. Results from the study shows that the area consists of granite, migmatite- gneiss and quartzite which all display a variety of colors, textures and mineralogy. Careful analysis of the distinctive mineralogy, textures, optical and structural characteristics led to the nomenclature of the rocks. The migmatite-gneiss display two petrographic varieties base on their foliation: one with linear foliation of alternating light and dark color minerals, and the other with wave like foliation. While granite is generally fine to medium grained in texture. The dominant structural trend of joints and faults in the study area are NNE-SSW and NW-SE. All these trends are consistent with the general trends of the Nigeria basement rocks. A study of thin sections of the rocks under a petrological microscope reveals optical properties peculiar to each rock type. The type and nature of structural elements associated with the rocks together with their geometry reveal that the rocks have undergone more than one deformational event. The occurrence of numerous brittle and ductile structures shows that the area has a great potential for groundwater and mineralization. But the area still experience shortage of water for domestic purposes.Keywords: basement complex, brittle structures, foliation, petrographic varieties, thin sections