bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intensity of nightside MARSIS AIS surface reflections and implications for low‐altitude ionospheric densities
Authors: Němec F. , Morgan D. D. , Diéval C. , Gurnett D. A.
Published: March 2015

Spacecraft radar sounding signals at frequencies higher than the ionospheric peak plasma frequency are not reflected by the ionosphere. Instead, they make it to the ground where they are reflected by the planetary surface. We analyze the intensity of the surface reflections measured by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) ionospheric radar sounder on board the Mars Express spacecraft. Apart from the surface reflectivity and the spacecraft altitude, the detected intensity of surface reflections is controlled primarily by the signal attenuation during the ionospheric propagation. We focus on the nightside region, where the ionospheric densities in the main layer are too low to cause a significant attenuation and allow sampling of the surface reflections at frequencies down to 3 MHz. The attenuation occurs mainly at altitudes below 100 km, where the electron‐neutral collision frequency is a maximum. The intensity of surface reflections can thus serve as a proxy for electron densities at low altitudes not accessible by the direct ionospheric radar sounding. We analyze the intensity of surface reflections as a function of relevant controlling parameters. The intensity of surface reflections is lower at higher solar zenith angles on the nightside and during the periods of larger solar activity. Moreover, it exhibits a seasonal variation that is related to the dust storm occurrence. The intensity of surface reflections is lower in areas of closed magnetic field lines, suggesting that nightside electron densities behave rather differently at low altitudes than at higher altitudes. This is confirmed by comparison with simultaneous observations of the main ionospheric layer.
High‐energy radiation belt electrons from CRAND
Authors: Selesnick R. S.
Published: March 2015

A calculation of the inner radiation belt electron source from cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND) is described. High‐energy electrons are included by Lorentz‐transforming the β decay spectrum from the neutron rest frame to the Earth's rest frame and combining with the known high‐energy albedo neutron energy spectrum. Balancing the electron source with energy loss to atmospheric neutral atoms and plasma, and with a decay lifetime representative of plasma wave scattering, then provides an estimate of trapped electron intensity. It is well below measured values for low energies, confirming that CRAND is not a significant source of those trapped electrons. For kinetic energies above the maximum β decay energy (E > 0.8 MeV) a power law energy spectrum ∼E−4 is predicted. For L = 1.5 and  MeV the computed omnidirectional trapped electron intensity exceeds an extrapolation of the measured low‐energy exponential energy spectrum.
Quantifying volcanic hazard at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) with uncertainty assessment: 1. Vent opening maps
Authors: Bevilacqua Andrea , Isaia Roberto , Neri Augusto , Vitale Stefano , Aspinall Willy P. , Bisson Marina , Flandoli Franco , Baxter Peter J. , Bertagnini Antonella , Esposti Ongaro Tomaso , Iannuzzi Enrico , Pistolesi Marco , Rosi Mauro
Published: March 2015

Campi Flegrei is an active volcanic area situated in the Campanian Plain (Italy) and dominated by a resurgent caldera. The great majority of past eruptions have been explosive, variable in magnitude, intensity, and in their vent locations. In this hazard assessment study we present a probabilistic analysis using a variety of volcanological data sets to map the background spatial probability of vent opening conditional on the occurrence of an event in the foreseeable future. The analysis focuses on the reconstruction of the location of past eruptive vents in the last 15 ka, including the distribution of faults and surface fractures as being representative of areas of crustal weakness. One of our key objectives was to incorporate some of the main sources of epistemic uncertainty about the volcanic system through a structured expert elicitation, thereby quantifying uncertainties for certain important model parameters and allowing outcomes from different expert weighting models to be evaluated. Results indicate that past vent locations are the most informative factors governing the probabilities of vent opening, followed by the locations of faults and then fractures. Our vent opening probability maps highlight the presence of a sizeable region in the central eastern part of the caldera where the likelihood of new vent opening per kilometer squared is about 6 times higher than the baseline value for the whole caldera. While these probability values have substantial uncertainties associated with them, our findings provide a rational basis for hazard mapping of the next eruption at Campi Flegrei caldera.
Quantifying volcanic hazard at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) with uncertainty assessment: 2. Pyroclastic density current invasion maps
Authors: Neri Augusto , Bevilacqua Andrea , Esposti Ongaro Tomaso , Isaia Roberto , Aspinall Willy P. , Bisson Marina , Flandoli Franco , Baxter Peter J. , Bertagnini Antonella , Iannuzzi Enrico , Orsucci Simone , Pistolesi Marco , Rosi Mauro , Vitale Stefano
Published: March 2015

Campi Flegrei (CF) is an example of an active caldera containing densely populated settlements at very high risk of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). We present here an innovative method for assessing background spatial PDC hazard in a caldera setting with probabilistic invasion maps conditional on the occurrence of an explosive event. The method encompasses the probabilistic assessment of potential vent opening positions, derived in the companion paper, combined with inferences about the spatial density distribution of PDC invasion areas from a simplified flow model, informed by reconstruction of deposits from eruptions in the last 15 ka. The flow model describes the PDC kinematics and accounts for main effects of topography on flow propagation. Structured expert elicitation is used to incorporate certain sources of epistemic uncertainty, and a Monte Carlo approach is adopted to produce a set of probabilistic hazard maps for the whole CF area. Our findings show that, in case of eruption, almost the entire caldera is exposed to invasion with a mean probability of at least 5%, with peaks greater than 50% in some central areas. Some areas outside the caldera are also exposed to this danger, with mean probabilities of invasion of the order of 5–10%. Our analysis suggests that these probability estimates have location‐specific uncertainties which can be substantial. The results prove to be robust with respect to alternative elicitation models and allow the influence on hazard mapping of different sources of uncertainty, and of theoretical and numerical assumptions, to be quantified.
The response of ENSO flavors to mid‐Holocene climate: Implications for proxy interpretation
Authors: Karamperidou Christina , Di Nezio Pedro N. , Timmermann Axel , Jin Fei‐Fei , Cobb Kim M.
Published: March 2015

The response of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to mid‐Holocene boundary conditions remains an open question: paleoclimate proxies and climate model simulations do not agree in the magnitude of the reduction of ENSO variability, while recent proxy evidence from fossil corals from the central Pacific show that the reduction in mid‐Holocene ENSO variability compared to the end of the twentieth century is not different from the reduction during other Holocene time intervals. This is inconsistent with the interpretation of lake and ocean sediment records from the eastern Pacific, which show a significant reduction compared to all other Holocene periods. In order to reconcile the seemingly conflicting proxy evidence from the eastern and central Pacific, we hypothesize that ENSO remained active during the mid‐Holocene; however, there was a change in the spatial pattern of the sea surface temperature anomalies, also known as ENSO flavors. Using National Center for Atmospheric Research's Community Climate System Model version 4 forced with mid‐Holocene orbital conditions, we find that the frequency of occurrence of the strongest eastern Pacific (EP) events decreases in the mid‐Holocene and their variance is reduced by ∼30%, while the frequency of central Pacific (CP) events slightly increases and their variance does not change. We also find a shift in the seasonality of EP events, but not in that of CP events. Lastly, mid‐Holocene EP events develop more slowly and decay faster. The differential response of ENSO flavors to mid‐Holocene forcing is remotely forced by the West Pacific, where a weakening of the trade winds in early boreal spring in the mid‐Holocene initiates an anomalous downwelling annual Kelvin wave, which reaches the eastern Pacific during the ENSO development season, weakens the upper ocean stratification, and results in reduced ENSO upwelling feedback. The simulated reduction in the EP flavor versus the CP flavor in the mid‐Holocene is consistent with proxy evidence: The teleconnection patterns of the two flavors with temperature, precipitation, and salinity are distinct, and proxies from different regions of the Pacific might be recording variability associated with only one of the flavors, or some combination of their relative effects.
Composition and physical properties of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer and the North American Tropospheric Aerosol Layer
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Toon Owen B. , Neely Ryan R. , Martinsson Bengt G. , Brenninkmeijer Carl A. M.
Published: March 2015

Recent studies revealed layers of enhanced aerosol scattering in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over Asia (Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL)) and North America (North American Tropospheric Aerosol Layer (NATAL)). We use a sectional aerosol model (Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA)) coupled with the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) to explore the composition and optical properties of these aerosol layers. The observed aerosol extinction enhancement is reproduced by CESM1/CARMA. Both model and observations indicate a strong gradient of the sulfur‐to‐carbon ratio from Europe to the Asia on constant pressure surfaces. We found that the ATAL is mostly composed of sulfates, surface‐emitted organics, and secondary organics; the NATAL is mostly composed of sulfates and secondary organics. The model also suggests that emission increases in Asia between 2000 and 2010 led to an increase of aerosol optical depth of the ATAL by 0.002 on average which is consistent with observations.
The Influence of Alkali Metal Polyphosphate on the Tribological Properties of Heavily Loaded Steel on Steel Contacts at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Tieu Anh Kiet , Kong Ning , Wan Shanhong , Zhu Hongtao , Zhu Qiang , Mitchell David R. G. , Kong Charlie
Published: March 2015

Polyphosphate inorganic polymer is evaluated as a high‐performance lubricant for steel/steel contacts at 600, 700, and 800 °C. In situ thermal tests of this lubricant indicate that liquid lubrication at the rubbing interface is occurring. Tribological testing indicates the molten polyphosphate is effective as a lubricant and, reduces friction and wear of the sliding steel/steel tribo pair substantially. The lubricated steel/steel pair shows desirable tribological performance that correlates closely with the temperature‐dependent hierarchical structure of the tribo‐interface under the combination of pressure, shear, and temperature. Morphological observation of worn surfaces and interfaces of steel discs is achieved using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Compositional analysis and elemental distribution are performed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray on a scanning TEM. These enable the tribochemical reactions at the rubbing surface and the formation mechanism of the hierarchical tribo‐interface to be understood.
WT1 vaccination in AML and MDS: A pilot trial with synthetic analog peptides
Authors: Brayer Jason , Lancet Jeffrey E. , Powers John , List Alan , Balducci Lodovico , Komrokji Rami , Pinilla‐Ibarz Javier
Published: March 2015

Peptide vaccines are capable of eliciting immune responses targeting tumor‐associated antigens such as the Wilms’ Tumor 1 (WT1) antigen, often overexpressed in myeloid malignancies. Here, we assessed the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a polyvalent WT1 peptide vaccine. Individuals with WT1‐positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first (CR1) or second (CR2) remission or with higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) following at least 1 prior line of therapy were vaccinated with a mixture of peptides derived from the WT1 protein, with sargramostim injections before vaccination to amplify immunogenicity. Six vaccinations were delivered biweekly, continuing then monthly until patients received 12 vaccinations or showed disease relapse or progression. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by progression‐free and overall survival. Immune responses were evaluated by delayed‐type hypersensitivity testing and T‐cell IFNγ ELISPOT at specified intervals. In 16 patients who received at least one vaccination, 10 completed the planned course of six vaccinations and six continued for up to six additional monthly vaccinations. Vaccinations were well tolerated, with no patients discontinuing due to toxicity. One of two patients with high‐risk MDS experienced a prolonged decrease in transfusion dependence. Two of 14 AML patients demonstrated relapse‐free survival >1 year. Both patients were in CR2 at time of vaccination, with duration of their remission exceeding duration of their first remission, suggesting a potential benefit. Our WT1 vaccine was well‐tolerated. The clinical benefit that we observed in several patients suggests engagement of a protective immune response, indicating a need for further trials. Am. J. Hematol. 90:602–607, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of seabird bycatch in eastern Canadian waters, 1998–2011, assessed from onboard fisheries observer data
Authors: Hedd April , Regular Paul M. , Wilhelm Sabina I. , Rail Jean‐François , Drolet Bruno , Fowler Mark , Pekarik Cynthia , Robertson Gregory J.
Published: March 2015

Seabird bycatch in commercial fisheries has been a growing conservation concern over the past 25 years. Large‐scale fisheries employing gears known to incidentally catch seabirds operate off eastern Canada, however, regional bycatch information is limited.

Using data collected from 1998–2011 by observers onboard Canadian domestic and foreign vessels, fishery sectors and target fisheries taking seabirds were identified, as were the seabirds most frequently taken. In addition, maps of seabird bycatch rates were used to identify localized areas where catch rates were high.

Seabird bycatch was widespread. Despite generally low observer coverage, > 5000 bird deaths were recorded; most observed mortalities occurred in gillnet and longline sectors during summer and autumn. While the overall magnitude of seabird bycatch has likely decreased substantially since closure of the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar gillnet fisheries in 1992, localized areas with high bycatch rates persist.

For example, in Baffin Bay and Davis Strait, bycatch rates of northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis were high in gillnet and longline fisheries targeting Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides near breeding colonies. In offshore areas of the Grand Bank, catch rates of migrant shearwaters (Puffinus and Calonectris spp.) were high in deep‐set gillnet fisheries for Greenland halibut and monkfish Lophius americanus during summer. In inshore regions of eastern Newfoundland, gillnets set for Atlantic cod near breeding colonies resulted in high bycatch rates of murres Uria spp. and shearwaters during summer. High bycatch rates were also observed in pelagic longline fisheries along the Scotian Shelf.

While the observer data have highlighted several localized areas with high bycatch rates, information for inshore gillnet fisheries, which take seabirds but are poorly covered by the observer programme, and regional information on fishing effort must both be considered for comprehensive assessment of seabird risk areas and consequent management needs in eastern Canada.

Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesohabitat associations of the threatened San Marcos salamander (Eurycea nana) across its geographic range
Authors: Diaz Peter H. , Fries Joe N. , Bonner Timothy H. , Alexander Mara L. , Nowlin Weston H.
Published: March 2015

Habitat loss is one of the most critical factors affecting the loss of species. However, habitat conservation of many threatened species is performed with incomplete information on habitat requirements and trophic ecology, thus presenting a challenge to designing and implementing recovery plans.

The San Marcos salamander (Eurycea nana) is a federally threatened spring‐associated organism whose geographic distribution is limited to the headwaters of the San Marcos River in Texas, USA. Although its designated critical habitat includes the headwaters and the first 50 m of the river, little is known of its habitat requirements or co‐occurrence with benthic macroinvertebrates and macrophytes.

This study examined mesohabitat associations of the salamander and patterns of co‐occurrence with macrophytes and benthic invertebrates within its critical habitat. Surveys of mesohabitat characteristics were conducted during a one‐year period and data were analysed to assess mesohabitat associations of the San Marcos salamander and patterns of co‐occurrence with invertebrates and macrophytes.

Salamanders were distributed throughout the critical habitat, but were almost exclusively found in mesohabitats containing cobble and gravel with coverage of Amblystegium and filamentous algae. The salamander did not exhibit consistent co‐occurrence with specific invertebrates or macrophytes across the critical habitat, indicating that salamanders were probably selecting mesohabitats based on benthic substrate and not the biotic communities.

Protection of a specific mesohabitat type within the critical habitat of the San Marcos salamander is likely to be one of the most important conservation measures, given that it accounts for ~7% of the total area within the designated critical habitat. These results also emphasize that habitat conservation plans for species at risk should consider that contemporary spatial distribution of species within habitats may be influenced not only by their evolutionary history but also by past and current human pressures.

Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development by three‐dimensional approaches and four‐dimensional imaging: To the knowledge frontier and beyond
Authors: Carneiro Katia , de Brito Jose M. , Rossi Maria I. D.
Published: March 2015

Many advances have been taken on elucidating embryonic development and tissue homeostasis and repair by the use of experimental strategies that preserve the three‐dimensional (3D) organization and allow quantitative analysis of images over time (four‐dimensional). Ranging from the understanding about the relationship between blastomeres and the events that take place during gastrulation by the use of time‐lapse imaging through 3D cultures that mimic organogenesis, the advances in this area are of critical value. The studies on embryonic development without disrupting the original architecture and the development of 3D organoid cultures pave a new avenue for unprecedented experimental advances that will positively impact the emergence of new treatments applying regenerative principles for both tissue repair and organ transplant. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 105:1–8, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on inhibitory control in young adults
Authors: Loftus Andrea M. , Yalcin Ozgur , Baughman Frank D. , Vanman Eric J. , Hagger Martin S.
Published: March 2015

Background

There is increasing evidence that the dorso‐lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a brain region related to reward and motivational processes, is involved in effective response inhibition and that decreased activity in this region coincides with reduced inhibitory capacity. Using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to manipulate cortical activation, this study examined whether cross‐hemispheric tDCS over the DLPFC affected performance on an inhibitory control task.

Methods

Neurologically intact participants performed a modified Stroop color‐word matching task before and after completing one of two tDCS conditions; (1) anodal stimulation over the left DLPFC or (2) sham tDCS.

Results

There was a statistically significant effect of tDCS condition on Stroop reaction time (RT) pre‐post tDCS change scores. Participants who received anodal stimulation over the left DLPFC demonstrated statistically significant faster RT change scores on the Stroop items compared to participants in the sham condition. Although errors on Stroop incongruent items decreased before and after receiving the tDCS treatment, there were no significant differences in errors on Stroop items between the anodal stimulation over left DLPFC and sham tDCS conditions. Anodal tDCS, which is known to elevate neural excitation, may have enhanced activation levels in the left DLPFC and minimized impairment of inhibitory control, resulting in better task performance.

Conclusions

Current findings provide preliminary evidence that increased excitation of the left DLPFC improves inhibitory control and are a step toward understanding the potential of tDCS for moderating deficits in inhibitory control.
Effect of the surface modification, size, and shape on cellular uptake of nanoparticles
Authors: Salatin Sara , Maleki Dizaj Solmaz , Yari Khosroushahi Ahmad
Published: March 2015

Nowadays successful application of nanoparticles for therapeutic objects needs the effective uptake of them by cells. Hence, studying of the interaction of nanoparticles with cell membrane for effective cellular uptaking seems to be vital and important. Trafficking of lipids, proteins, glucose, and other biomaterials into the cells is possible from two major exocytic and endocytic pathways. The penetration ability of nanoparticles into the cells must be considered in engineering of these particles. Enormous in vivo and in vitro experiments in the field of nanotechnology have confirmed the effect of physiochemistry properties in state of cell‐nanoparticles interactions. Thus, the optimization of parameters directly related to physicochemical characteristics through the preparation process seems to be necessary for improving therapeutic effects of nanocarriers. Besides, biological medium and cell division also affect the amount of nanoparticle uptaking into the cells. This study reviews the influence of size, shape, the surface modification of nano particles, medium, and cell division effects on the cellular absorption of drug/gene nanocarriers.
CO2 angiography for peripheral arterial imaging
Authors: Prasad Anand
Published: March 2015

Key Points

This article demonstrates that carbon dioxide (CO2) based angiography can be performed in patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) with a resulting rate of AKI of ∼5%.

The study also demonstrates a high rate of complications from CO2 angiography—ranging from pain to death.

Future research will need to focus on clarifying the role of CO2 angiography given the safety profile noted in the literature.
PCI of CTOs
Authors: Trivax Justin E. , Safian Robert D.
Published: March 2015

Key Points

Compared with successful PCI, failed PCI of CTOs is associated with higher rates of in‐hospital death, MI, CABG, perforation, and cardiac tamponade, but the absolute risk difference is small.

Since 1991, the overall rates of in‐hospital complications are declining, due to significant improvements in CTO technology and operator expertise.

Outcomes after CTO‐PCI may be enhanced by proper patient selection (resistant angina; large areas of ischemia; and anatomic suitability for antegrade, retrograde, and/or subintimal recanalization) and by reliance on expert operators using a flexible incremental approach to recanalization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of Acentric Triple Molybdate Cs2NaBi(MoO4)3.
Authors: Savina A. A. , Atuchin V. V. , Solodovnikov S. F. , Solodovnikova Z. A. , Krylov A. S. , Maximovskiy E. A. , Molokeev M. S. , Oreshonkov A. S. , Pugachev A. M. , Khaikina E. G.
Published: March 2015

Single crystals of Cs2NaBi(MoO4)3 are grown by annealing (673‐773 K, 60 h) of a mixture of Na2MoO4 (obtained via calcination of the hydrate), Cs2MoO4 (obtained by annealing Cs2CO3 and MoO3, 823 K, 60 h), and Bi2(MoO4)3 (obtained by reacting Bi2O3 and MoO3, 723‐773 K, 50 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescent CuInS2 Quantum Dots by Partial Cation Exchange in Cu2‐xS Nanocrystals.
Authors: van der Stam Ward , Berends Anne C. , Rabouw Freddy T. , Willhammar Tom , Ke Xiaoxing , Meeldijk Johannes D. , Bals Sara , de Mello Donega Celso
Published: March 2015

Luminescent CuInS2 nanocrystals are prepared by partial cation exchange in Cu2‐xS nanocrystals (NCs) suspended in toluene using a MeOH solution of In(NO3)3 in the molar ratio of In/Cu of ≈1.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Ba1‐xKxFe2As2 Superconductors via Hydride Route.
Authors: Zaikina Julia V. , Batuk Maria , Abakumov Artem M. , Navrotsky Alexandra , Kauzlarich Susan M.
Published: March 2015

Ba1‐xKxFe2As2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) superconductors are prepared by high‐energy ball milling of BaH2, KH, and FeAs (containing 6% FeAs2 as impurity) and subsequent annealing (Nb container in evacuated silica tubes, 773—1173 K, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Sn6[P12N24] — A Sodalite‐Type Nitridophosphate.
Authors: Pucher Florian J. , Frhr. von Schirnding Constantin , Hummel Franziska , Celinski Vinicius R. , Schmedt auf der Guenne Joern , Gerke Birgit , Poettgen Rainer , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: March 2015

The title compound is synthesized from a mixture of Sn powder and HPN2 (evacuated silica ampule, 820 °C, 85 h) and characterized by powder XRD, solid state MAS NMR spectroscopy, 119Sn Moessbauer spectroscopy, and DFT electronic structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Al15Ge4Ni3: A New Intergrowth Structure with Cu3Au‐ and CaF2‐Type Building Blocks.
Authors: Reichmann Thomas L. , Jandl Isabella , Effenberger Herta S. , Herzig Peter , Richter Klaus W.
Published: March 2015

The new title compound is prepared by arc melting of the elements followed by annealing (alumina crucible in evacuated silica tube, 430 °C, 28 d).
ChemInform Abstract: The New Silver Borate Ag3B5O9.
Authors: Sohr Gerhard , Falkowski Viktoria , Huppertz Hubert
Published: March 2015

Single crystals of Ag3B5O9 are obtained via high‐pressure reaction of Ag2O and B2O3 (h‐BN crucible in multianvil press, 3 GPa, 600 °C, 5 min; cooling to 250 °C within 15 min).
ChemInform Abstract: First Enantioselective Catalytic Wittig Reaction.
Authors: Werner Thomas , Hoffmann Marcel , Deshmukh Sunetra
Published: March 2015

This first example of an enantioselective catalytic Wittig reaction gives product (II) in low yields but with 90% enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: Amine‐Accelerated Manganese‐Catalyzed Aromatic C—H Conjugate Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyls.
Authors: Zhou Bingwei , Ma Pengchen , Chen Hui , Wang Congyang
Published: March 2015

The first manganese‐catalyzed one‐step direct aromatic C—H conjugate addition to α,β‐unsaturated carbonyls is presented, which is accelerated by catalytic amounts of dicyclohexylamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Stereoselective Iodoamination of Alkenes.
Authors: Mizar Pushpak , Burrelli Alessandra , Guenther Erika , Soeftje Martin , Farooq Umar , Wirth Thomas
Published: March 2015

The NIS‐promoted asymmetric iodocyclization of substituted pentenylamines and 2‐allylanilines in the presence of a cyclic thiourea as catalyst is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Rearrangement of Tertiary Allylic Alcohols to Enones with Oxygen in Aqueous Solvent.
Authors: Li Jingjie , Tan Ceheng , Gong Jianxian , Yang Zhen
Published: March 2015

The presented reaction provides an aerobic pathway to the title products in a large scope and with good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Enantioselective α‐Fluorination of Aliphatic Aldehydes Enabled by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis.
Authors: Li Fangyi , Wu Zijun , Wang Jian
Published: March 2015

This is the first NHC‐catalyzed oxidative enantioselective α‐fluorination of aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Allene Hydroarylation via One‐Pot Allene Hydrosilylation/Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Miller Zachary D. , Montgomery John
Published: March 2015

The use of the extremely bulky NHC‐ligand allows excellent regiocontrol in allene hydrosilylations.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Kumada Coupling of Benzyl Chlorides and Vinylogous Derivatives.
Authors: Soler‐Yanes Rita , Guisan‐Ceinos Manuel , Bunuel Elena , Cardenas Diego J.
Published: March 2015

The Ni(acac)‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of benzyl chlorides with alkylmagnesium reagents is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Metathesis of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Lhermet Rudy , Fuerstner Alois
Published: March 2015

This novel method using molybdenum complex as the catalyst allows the cross‐metathesis of a wide variety of alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Amide Synthesis from Alcohols and Amines Catalyzed by a RuII—N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)—Carbonyl Complex.
Authors: Saha Biswajit , Sengupta Gargi , Sarbajna Abir , Dutta Indranil , Bera Jitendra K.
Published: March 2015

All yields are determined by GC‐MS‐analysis with dodecane as internal standard.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Cleavage of Nitrobenzyl Amides and Ethers.
Authors: Han Seo‐Jung , Fernando de Melo Gabriel , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: March 2015

The simple method allows the deprotection of ortho‐ and para‐nitrobenzyl amides, anilines, ureas, and ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Chain Extension of Boronic Esters with Lithiooxiranes Generated by Sulfoxide‐Metal Exchange — Stereocontrolled Access to 2°/2°, 2°/3°, and 3°/3° Vicinal Diols and Related Compounds.
Authors: Alwedi Embarek , Zakharov Lev N. , Blakemore Paul R.
Published: March 2015

Lithiation of stereodefined chloroalkyl sulfones (I) and (IX), treatment with carbonyl compounds, and subsequent base promoted ring closure gives cis/trans‐mixtures of epoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New C2‐Symmetric Chiral Bisamides from (1S,2S)‐Cyclohexane‐1,2‐dicarboxylic Acid.
Authors: Zhou Chan , Xu Jiaxi
Published: March 2015

The title compounds (III) are obtained by reaction of (1S,2S)‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐dicarbonyl dichloride with N‐benzylated aromatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐1‐Bromo‐2‐iodoalkenes Through Iodobromination of Internal Alkynes.
Authors: Ide Masataka , Yauchi Yuta , Shiogai Ryo , Iwasawa Tetsuo
Published: March 2015

The key to the presented approach is a well matching pair of anionic Br from Tms‐Br and cationic iodide from NIS.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem α‐Alkylation/Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Acetophenones with Primary Alcohols.
Authors: Kovalenko Oleksandr O. , Lundberg Helena , Huebner Dennis , Adolfsson Hans
Published: March 2015

An interesting direct α‐alkylation/asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of acetophenones is achieved with simple primary aliphatic alcohols using an in situ generated Ru‐catalyst having an amino acid hydroxy amide ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen as Single Oxidant for Two Steps: Base‐Free One‐Pot Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Alcohol Oxidation & Arylation to Halogen‐Intact β‐Aryl α,β‐Enones.
Authors: Vellakkaran Mari , Andappan Murugaiah M. S. , Nagaiah Kommu
Published: March 2015

The one‐pot methods converts allyl alcohols (I) and (IV) into β‐aryl α,β‐enones (III) and (V), resp., and does not require copper salt, base, and intermediate isolation.
ChemInform Abstract: Relay Cooperation of K2S2O8 and O2 in Oxytrifluoromethylation of Alkenes Using CF3SO2Na.
Authors: Lu Qingquan , Liu Chao , Huang Zhiyuan , Ma Yiyang , Zhang Jian , Lei Aiwen
Published: March 2015

The reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Michael Addition—Lactonisation of Carboxylic Acids Using α,β‐Unsaturated Trichloromethyl Ketones as α,β‐Unsaturated Ester Equivalents.
Authors: Morrill Louis C. , Stark Daniel G. , Taylor James E. , Smith Siobhan R. , Squires James A. , D'Hollander Agathe C. A. , Simal Carmen , Shapland Peter , O'Riordan Timothy J. C. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: March 2015

Using (2S,3R)‐2‐phenyl‐3‐isopropyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzthiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine (BTP) as chiral catalyst, 2,3‐disubstituted dimethyl pentanedioates (IV) and (VI) could be obtained in high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nitriles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Water Shuffling from Amides to Acetonitrile.
Authors: Zhang Wandi , Haskins Christopher W. , Yang Yang , Dai Mingji
Published: March 2015

Two different procedures for the dehydration of either α,β,γ,δ‐unsaturated and cinnamoylamides or alkyl and aryl amides, respectively, to the corresponding nitriles are developed which tolerate multiple functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Promoted 2‐Arylsulfanylphenol Formation Using Cyclohexanones as Phenol Source.
Authors: Chen Ya , Xiao Fuhong , Chen Hui , Liu Saiwen , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: March 2015

Iodine acts as a promoter for the coupling reaction of cyclohexanones (I) with sulfonyl chlorides (II) or sodium sulfinates (VII) to afford 2‐sulfanylphenols (III) or (V)/(VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Debenzylative Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Benzyl Sulfides with Aryl Bromides: Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfides.
Authors: Mao Jianyou , Jia Tiezheng , Frensch Gustavo , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: March 2015

The Pd(dba)2/NiXantPhos‐based catalyst promotes three distinct reactions involving benzyl aryl thioether α‐arylation, benzylic C—S bond cleavage, and C—S bond formation in a tricatalytic cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Chlorides with Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates in Water Catalyzed by an Efficient CPCy Phendole‐phos—Palladium Complex.
Authors: Yuen On Ying , Wong Shun Man , Chan Kin Fai , So Chau Ming , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: March 2015

This highly effective Suzuki—Miyaura coupling works with catalyst loadings as low as 0.005 mol%.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium(III)‐Catalyzed Cationic Cyclization of 1,1‐Difluoroallenes: Regioselective Synthesis of 1‐Fluoronaphthalenes.
Authors: Fuchibe Kohei , Mayumi Yuka , Yokota Misaki , Aihara Hiromichi , Ichikawa Junji
Published: March 2015

Difluoroallenes of type (III) undergo InBr3‐catalyzed ring closure reactions to give 1‐fluoronaphthalenes of type (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Controlling Regiochemistry in the Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Unsaturated Spiroketals.
Authors: Paioti Paulo H. S. , Ketcham John M. , Aponick Aaron
Published: March 2015

The problematic regiochemical issues in the metal‐catalyzed spiroketalization of alkynes are addressed by utilizing an acetonide as a regioselectivity regulator in the production of monounsaturated spiroketals.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Chemoselective Formation of Spiroindolinone‐Isoindolinone by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Buchwald—Hartwig Addition—Elimination Sequence.
Authors: Butani Himanshu H. , Vachhani Dipak D. , Bhoya Umed C. , Shah Anamik K. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: March 2015

The title reaction occurs under mild conditions with a broad scope for the reactive ortho‐halogen atoms as well as a variety of N‐ and aryl substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Based Strategy Toward the Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydrofurans from Aryl Ketones and Aromatic Olefins.
Authors: Naveen Togati , Kancherla Rajesh , Maiti Debabrata
Published: March 2015

The facile protocol allows the copper‐catalyzed annulation of aryl ketones with aromatic olefins to produce a wide variety of dihydrofurans.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated γ‐Butenolide Derivatives via Phosphine‐Promoted Tandem Reaction of Allylic Carbonates and Trifluoromethyl Ketones.
Authors: Xiao Hua , Duan Hong‐yu , Ye Jun , Yao Ri‐sheng , Ma Juan , Yuan Zhe‐zhe , Zhao Gang
Published: March 2015

Tandem vinylogous addition/lactonization/Wittig reaction of trifluoromethyl ketones with allylic carbonates provides γ‐butenolides.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Polyheterocyclic Spirotetrahydrothiophene Derivatives via Sulfa‐Michael/Aldol Cascade Reaction.
Authors: Liang Jian‐Jun , Pan Jin‐Yun , Xu Dong‐Cheng , Xie Jian‐Wu
Published: March 2015

The catalyst‐free sulfa‐Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones (I) and (V) with diol (II) proceeds under mild conditions to form spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylsulfonyl Groups: The Best Cyclization Auxiliaries for the Preparation of ATRC γ‐Lactams can be Acidolytically Removed.
Authors: Ghelfi Franco , et al. et al.
Published: March 2015

Transition metal‐catalyzed atom transfer radical cyclization of N‐tosyl‐N‐allyl‐α‐polychloroamides produces N‐tosylated γ‐lactams, which can be highly efficiently N‐deprotected by thermolysis in a 1:1 mixtures of 96% H2SO4 and acetic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient DBU‐Catalyzed Green Synthesis of Spiro‐Oxindoles.
Authors: Wang Liqun , Zhang Daming , Li Jian , Xu Guangyang , Sun Jiangtao
Published: March 2015

Diversely substituted spiro‐oxindoles are synthesized under environmentally benign conditions using very low amounts of the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Organocatalytic Activation of Unmodified Morita—Baylis—Hillman Alcohols for the Synthesis of Bicyclic α‐Alkylidene‐Ketones.
Authors: Stiller Julian , Kowalczyk Dorota , Jiang Hao , Joergensen Karl Anker , Albrecht Lukasz
Published: March 2015

This method yields the title compounds with four contiguous stereocenters with moderate to good diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylative Acylation of Indolines with α‐Keto Acids under Palladium Catalysis: A Facile Strategy for the Synthesis of 7‐Substituted Indoles.
Authors: Kim Minyoung , Kumar Mishra Neeraj , Park Jihye , Han Sangil , Shin Youngmi , Sharma Satyasheel , Lee Youngil , Lee Eui‐Kyung , Kwak Jong Hwan , Kim In Su
Published: March 2015

The method offers access to highly substituted scaffolds of biologically active compounds, the synthesis of which can be scaled up.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Tandem Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Oxindole‐Fused Spiropyrazolidine Frameworks.
Authors: Mei Liang‐Yong , Tang Xiang‐Ying , Shi Min
Published: March 2015

The synthesis of the title compounds involves asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 3‐diazooxindoles with vinylcyclopropanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 1,6,8‐Dienyne Carbonates and Esters to cis‐Cyclohepta‐4,8‐diene‐Fused Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Rao Weidong , Sally Weidong , Berry Stuart Neil , Chan Philip Wai Hong
Published: March 2015

A facile protocol is presented for the synthesis of the title compounds (II) and (IV) via a 1,2‐acyloxy migration/cyclopropanation/Cope rearrangement sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1,1‐bis(silyl)alkenes‐containing Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles Catalyzed by M—Cu/ZSM‐5 (M: Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, V, Zn and Fe) Zeolites‐Supported Bimetallic Nanostructures.
Authors: Safa Kazem D. , Sarchami Leila , Allahvirdinesbat Maryam , Feyzi Aynaz , Panahi Parvaneh Nakhostin
Published: March 2015

A novel and efficient method for the synthesis of tetraarylimidazoles derivatives (IV) (12 examples) under solvent‐free conditions is developed and applied to the preparation of imidazole derivatives (X) terminated by vinylbis(silanes).
ChemInform Abstract: From Triazoles to Imidazolines Through the Sequential N—H Insertion of α‐Imino Rhodium—Carbenes into β‐Enamino Esters/Enamine—Imine Tautomerization/Conjugate Addition Cascade.
Authors: Jeon Hyun Ji , Jung Da Jung , Kim Ju Hyun , Kim Youngmee , Bouffard Jean , Lee Sang‐gi
Published: March 2015

The rhodium(II)‐catalyzed denitrogenative coupling of N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles with various enamino esters affords dihydroimidazoles with a broad functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxytrifluoromethylthiolation of Unactivated Alkenes.
Authors: Zhu Liping , Wang Guoqiang , Guo Quanping , Xu Zhaoqing , Zhang Di , Wang Rui
Published: March 2015

The described oxytrifluoromethylthiolation of alkenes gives a rapid access to a variety of isoxazolines under aerobic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective α‐Sulfenylation of 5H‐Oxazol‐4‐ones to N‐(Sulfanyl)succinimides.
Authors: Xu Mei , Qiao Baokun , Duan Shaobo , Liu Hongjun , Jiang Zhiyong
Published: March 2015

The title reaction is catalyzed by a cinchona alkaloid derived squaramide catalyst to give α‐sulfenylated products with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 95% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: NIS‐Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of N‐(2‐Trifluoromethyl‐3‐alkynyl) Hydroxylamines: A Facile Access to 4‐Trifluoromethyl‐5‐acylisoxazoles.
Authors: Zhang Li , Zeng Qin , Mao Ao , Wu Ziang , Luo Tian , Xiao Yuanjing , Zhang Junliang
Published: March 2015

The reaction tolerates activated and deactivated aryl substituents as well as higher perfluorated alkyl residues but fails with terminal alkynes and TMS‐terminated alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: K2CO3‐Mediated, Direct C—H Bond Selenation and Thiolation of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles in the Absence of Metal Catalyst: An Eco‐Friendly Approach.
Authors: Rafique Jamal , Saba Sumbal , Rosario Alisson R. , Zeni Gilson , Braga Antonio L.
Published: March 2015

An efficient, economical, and green K2CO3‐promoted procedure for the synthesis of selenated and thiolated oxadiazoles through C—H bond functionalization in the absence of metal catalyst is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Directed Diastereo‐ and Site‐Selectivity in Successive Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Allylations of Chiral 1,3‐Diols: Protecting‐Group‐Free Synthesis of Substituted Pyrans.
Authors: Shin Inji , Wang Gang , Krische Michael J.
Published: March 2015

A straightforward strategy for the synthesis of different diastereomers of 4‐hydroxy‐2,6‐disubstituted pyrans is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Coumarins: An Efficient Green Approach Using L‐Proline as Catalyst in Triethanolamine Medium.
Authors: Srikrishna Devulapally , Tasqeeruddin Syed , Kumar Dubey Pramod
Published: March 2015

The title compounds (III) are efficiently obtained by Knoevenagel condensation of salicylaldehydes (I) with active methylene compounds (II) under green reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: [RuCl2(p‐cymene)2]2 Catalyzed Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC) toward Xanthone and Fluorenone Analogs Through Intramolecular C—H Bond Functionalization Reaction.
Authors: Manna Sudipta Kumar , Manda Srinivas Lavanya Kumar , Panda Gautam
Published: March 2015

The route to biologically active xanthone and fluorenone analogs proceeds smoothly for substrates equipped with electron‐donating substituents, but leads to no reaction or trace amounts of products for substrates with electron‐withdrawing groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Ketene Imines under Ultrasound Irradiation.
Authors: Emtiazi Hamideh , Amrollahi Mohammad A.
Published: March 2015

The title compounds (IV) are obtained as a single diastereomer by one‐pot three‐component reaction of various 1,4‐dihydropyridines (I) with acetylenedicarboxylate (II), and cyclohexyl isocyanide (III) under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Oxidative Coupling of α‐Csp3—H of Tertiary Amines to α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Butyrolactam: Synthesis of MBH‐Type Products.
Authors: Ma Yunxia , Zhang Gen , Zhang Jinlong , Yang Dongxu , Wang Rui
Published: March 2015

For the first time the organocatalytic type of the title reaction catalyzed by a bifunctional thiourea catalyst is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective One‐Pot Synthesis of Ring‐Fused Tetrahydroquinolines via Aerobic Oxidation and 1,5‐Hydride Transfer/Cyclization Sequences.
Authors: Suh Chang Won , Kim Dae Young
Published: March 2015

The presented one‐pot cyclization procedure enables the transformation of 3‐arylprop‐2‐en‐1‐ol derivatives to the title compounds in moderate yields and high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α, β and γ‐Carbolines via Pd‐Mediated C(sp2)‐H/N—H Activation
Authors: Dhara Shubhendu , Singha Raju , Ahmed Atiur , Mandal Haridas , Ghosh Munmun , Nuree Yasin , Ray Jayanta K.
Published: March 2015

of o‐tosylaminophenyl pyridine derivatives
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of 1,7‐Enynes with Aromatic Sulfonyl Chlorides Toward Selective Assembly of Benzo[j]phenanthridin‐6(5H)‐ones.
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Jia‐Ling , Zhou Ming‐Bo , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: March 2015

A new method for the cascade cyclization of 1,7‐enynes with aromatic sulfonyl chlorides by using a low‐cost and more abundant Cu catalyst is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: New Heterocyclic Systems Derived from Pyridine: New Substrates for the Investigation of the Azide/Tetrazole Equilibrium.
Authors: Sirakanyan Samvel N. , Spinelli Domenico , Geronikaki Athina , Hovakimyan Anush A. , Noravyan Azat S.
Published: March 2015

In the novel substrates (II) the azide/tetrazole equilibrium is completely shifted towards the azide form.
ChemInform Abstract: DMAP‐Catalyzed Four‐Component One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Spirooxindole‐1,4‐dihydropyridines Derivatives in Aqueous Ethanol.
Authors: Han Chao , Meng Wei , Liu Hao , Liu Yanping , Tao Jingchao
Published: March 2015

Notable features of the title process are high yields, operational simplicity, and an inexpensive catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Double‐Fold C—H Tertiary Alkoxycarbonylation of Arenes Using Di‐tert‐butyl Dicarbonate.
Authors: Hong Xiaohu , Wang Hao , Liu Bingxin , Xu Bin
Published: March 2015

Depending of the electronic and steric properties of the substrates mono‐ or dialkoxycarbonylation is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Modified Biginelli‐Type Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydro‐1H‐indeno[1,2‐d]pyrimidine‐2,5‐dione Using Phosphorous Pentoxide.
Authors: Warekar Poojali P. , Kolekar Govind B. , Deshmukh Madhukar B. , Anbhule Prashant V.
Published: March 2015

A simple work‐up procedure and moderate to good yields within a short reaction time are the main features of the referred multicomponent reaction methodology.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Proline Mediated Synthesis of Quinoxalines; Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Babu Korrapati Suresh , Faazil Shaikh , Hussaini S. M. Ali , Shaik Anver Basha
Published: March 2015

Quinoxaline (Vd) is further transformed via reduction of the nitro group and sulfonylation of the resulting amine yielding arylsulfonamides, e.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative 1,4‐Diamination of Dienes Using Simple Urea Derivatives.
Authors: Anumandla Devendar , Littlefield Ryan , Jeffrey Christopher S.
Published: March 2015

This oxidative amination is compatible with heterocyclic aromatic compounds, cyclic and acyclic dienes and provides various heterobicyclic products.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Regioselective Phosphonation of Heteroaryl N‐Oxides with H‐Phosphonates under Metal and External Oxidant Free Conditions.
Authors: Wang Hui , Cui Xiuling , Pei Yu , Zhang Qianqian , Bai Jie , Wei Donghui , Wu Yangjie
Published: March 2015

The first example of a C—H phosphonation of heteroaryl compounds under oxidant, additive, and metal free conditions is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Enzymatic Synthesis of Merochlorin A and B.
Authors: Teufel Robin , Kaysser Leonard , Villaume Matthew T. , Diethelm Stefan , Carbullido Mary K. , Baran Phil S. , Moore Bradley S.
Published: March 2015

These are the first examples of total enzymatic syntheses of meroterpenoid natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Dictyodendrins B and E, and Formal Synthesis of Dictyodendrin C.
Authors: Tao Pengyu , Liang Jingjing , Jia Yanxing
Published: March 2015

The total Synthesis of dictyodendrins B (I) and E (II) is detailed as well as the synthesis of the known precursor (III) of the total synthesis of dictyodendrins C (IV).