bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The conflict negativity: A neural correlate of value conflict and indecision during financial decision making
Authors: Petersen Gesa-K. , Saunders Blair , Inzlicht Michael
Published: August 2017

Individuals struggle when making financial decisions, sometimes preferring to avoid difficult decisions and receive lower future rewards over actively deliberating between options of similar value. Here, we examine how conflict deriving from objective and subjective value characteristics of stocks, as well as the behavioural and phenomenological correlates of decision conflict, are accompanied by variation in a thus far understudied ERP component, the conflict negativity (CN). In a novel EEG paradigm (N = 53), we simulated a financial decision situation in which participants made incentivized choices between different, sometimes conflicting, stock options. Our results indicate that participants become slower, more undecided, and less pleased, when choosing between similar options compared to choices in which one option clearly outweighs the other. This effect even held when participants chose between two objectively good alternatives. We further provide preliminary evidence that the CN, a negative-going ERP recorded over the medial prefrontal cortex, is not only sensitive to decision conflict, but also predicts behavioural indecision. What is more, subjective value characteristics of stocks, impressions based on brand perception of the stock options, modestly influenced affective and behavioural reactions over and above objective stock characteristics. While our results are at odds with assumptions made by classic economic theory, they may serve as one out of several indicators as to why private investors seem to avoid financial decisions.
BMP signalling is critical for maintaining homeostasis of hair follicles and intestine in adult mice
Authors: Nag Aditi , Nigam Pallavi , Narayanan Abhishek L. , Kumar Megha , Ghosal Ritika , Sen Jonaki , Bandyopadhyay Amitabha
Published: August 2017

BMP signalling play critical roles during embryonic development, however, its roles have not been extensively studied in the maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis. In this study we have used temporal knock out ofBmp2andBmp4to uncover the role of BMP signalling in adult mice. We observed rapid changes in the adult hair follicles and the intestine within two days of depleting BMP signalling, which demonstrates the critical and acute requirement of BMP signalling in maintaining homeostasis in these tissues. In addition, our study demonstrates that while BMP signalling is required for maintenance of quiescence in telogen hair follicles, it is needed for survival and proliferation in late anagen hair follicles. Our study also reveals differential requirement of BMP signalling in differentiation of distinct intestinal cell types. In addition, Loss of BMP signalling rapidly promotes early neoplastic transformations in mouse intestine.
Plasticity of theMFS1promoter leads to multi drug resistance in the wheat pathogenZymoseptoria tritici
Authors: Omrane Selim , Audéon Colette , Ignace Amandine , Duplaix Clémentine , Aouini Lamia , Kema Gert , Walker Anne-Sophie , Fillinger Sabine
Published: August 2017

The ascomyceteZymoseptoria triticiis the causal agent of septoria leaf blotch on wheat. Disease control relies mainly on resistant wheat cultivars and on fungicide applications. The fungus displays a high potential to circumvent both methods. Resistance against all unisite fungicides has been observed over decades. A different type of resistance has emerged among wild populations with multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. Active fungicide efflux through overexpression of the major-facilitator gene,MFS1,explains this emerging resistance mechanism. In this study, we identified as responsible mutations three types of inserts in theMFS1promoter, two of which harboring potential transcription factor binding sites. We show, that type I insertion leads toMFS1overexpression and consequently to MDR. Interestingly, all three inserts correspond to repeated elements of theZ. triticigenome.

These results underline the plasticity of repeated elements leading to fungicide resistance inZ. triticiand which contribute to its adaptive potential.
GHOST: Recovering Historical Signal from Heterotachously-evolved Sequence Alignments
Authors: Crotty Stephen M , Minh Bui Quang , Bean Nigel G , Holland Barbara R , Tuke Jonathan , Jermiin Lars S , Haeseler Arndt von
Published: August 2017

Molecular sequence data that have evolved under the influence of heterotachous evolutionary processes are known to mislead phylogenetic inference. We introduce the General Heterogeneous evolution On a Single Topology (GHOST) model of sequence evolution, implemented under a maximum-likelihood framework in the phylogenetic program IQ-TREE (http://www.iqtree.org). Simulations show that using the GHOST model, IQ-TREE can accurately recover the tree topology, branch lengths and substitution model parameters from heterotachously-evolved sequences. We develop a model selection algorithm based on simulation results, and investigate the performance of the GHOST model on empirical data by sampling phylogenomic alignments of varying lengths from a plastome alignment. We then carry out inference under the GHOST model on a phylogenomic dataset composed of 248 genes from 16 taxa, where we find the GHOST model concurs with the currently accepted view, placing turtles as a sister lineage of archosaurs, in contrast to results obtained using traditional variable rates-across-sites models. Finally, we apply the model to a dataset composed of a sodium channel gene of 11 fish taxa, finding that the GHOST model is able to infer a subtle component of the historical signal, linked to the previously established convergent evolution of the electric organ in two geographically distinct lineages of electric fish. We compare inference under the GHOST model to partitioning by codon position and show that, owing to the minimization of model constraints, the GHOST model is able to offer unique biological insights when applied to empirical data.
HIGH RESOLUTION ANNOTATION OF ZEBRAFISH TRANSCRIPTOME USING LONG-READ SEQUENCING
Authors: Nudelman German , Frasca Antonio , Kent Brandon , Edepli-Sadler Kirsten , Sealfon Stuart C. , Walsh Martin J. , Zaslavsky Elena
Published: August 2017

With the emergence of zebrafish as an important model organism, a concerted effort has been made to study its transcriptome. This effort is limited, however, by gaps in zebrafish annotation, which are especially pronounced concerning transcripts dynamically expressed during zygotic genome activation (ZGA). To date, short read sequencing has been the principal technology for zebrafish transcriptome annotation. In part because these sequence reads are too short for assembly methods to resolve the full complexity of the transcriptome, the current annotation is rudimentary. By providing direct observation of full-length transcripts, recently refined long-read sequencing platforms can dramatically improve annotation coverage and accuracy. Here, we leveraged the SMRT platform to study transcriptome of zebrafish embryos before and after ZGA. Our analysis revealed additional novelty and complexity in the zebrafish transcriptome, identifying 2748 high confidence novel transcripts that originated from previously unannotated loci and 1835 high confidence new isoforms in previously annotated genes. We validated these findings using a suite of computational approaches including structural prediction, sequence homology and functional conservation analyses, as well as by confirmatory transcript quantification with short-read sequencing data. Our analyses provided insight into new homologs and paralogs of functionally important proteins and non-coding RNAs, isoform switching occurrences and different classes of novel splicing events. Several novel isoforms representing distinct splicing events were validated through PCR experiments, including the discovery and validation of a novel 8 kb transcript spanning multiple miR-430 elements, an important driver of early development. Our study provides a significantly improved zebrafish transcriptome annotation resource.
The roles of Conserved Domains in DEMETER-Mediated Active DNA Demethylationin planta
Authors: Zhang Changqing , Hung Yu-Hung , Zhang Xiang-Qian , Zhang Dapeng , Xiao Wenyan , Iyer Lakshminarayan M. , Aravind L. , Huh Jin Hoe , Hsieh Tzung-Fu
Published: August 2017

DNA methylation plays critical roles in maintaining genome stability, genomic imprinting, transposon silencing, and development. In Arabidopsis genomic imprinting is established in the central cell by DEMETER (DME)-mediated active DNA demethylation, and is essential for seed viability. DME is a large polypeptide with multiple poorly characterized conserved domains. Here we show that the C-terminal enzymatic core of DME is sufficient to complementdmeassociated developmental defects. When targeted by a native DME promoter, nuclear-localized DME C-terminal region rescuesdmeseed abortion and pollen germination defects, and ameliorates CG hypermethylation phenotype indme-2endosperm. Furthermore, targeted expression of the DME N-terminal region in wild-type central cell inducesdme-like seed abortion phenotype. Our results support a bipartite organization for DME protein, and suggest that the N-terminal region might have regulatory function such as assisting in DNA binding and enhancing the processivity of active DNA demethylation in heterochromatin targets.
Methyl (2R)-2-benzamido-2-{[(1R)-2-methoxy-2-oxo-1-phenylethyl]amino}acetate
Authors: Karai Oumaima , Aouine Younas , Faraj Hassane , Alami Anouar , El Hallaoui Abdelilah , Zouihri Hafid
Published: August 2017

In the title compound, C19H20N2O5, the dihedral angle between the phenyl rings is 58.85 (8)°, while that between the planes of the methyl acetate groups is 88.30 (8)°. The molecular conformation is also influenced by the presence of an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, N—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules, forming chains propagating along thea-axis direction.
Electronic resource management (ERM) in libraries of management institutes in India
Authors: Patra Nihar Kanta
Published: August 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to examine and analyse the status and differences in different components of e-resources management of business/management school libraries in India. It also examines the factors responsible for criteria/methods used in the life cycle of e-resources and e-resource management (ERM) system.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses convenient sampling method as the management institutes in India are many and scattered around India. A suitably designed questionnaire has been prepared and sent to the libraries. Data collected from the librarians/library in-charge on managing e-resources in their libraries selected under study were entered into SPSS software for analysis. Further, coding and decoding of data are being done for analysis. Simple cross tabulation, simple statistical tools like mean and standard deviations and advanced statistical tools like ANOVA, chi-square test and multiple regression analysis, etc. have been applied for analysis.

Findings

E-resources management is one of the most important concepts in any academic library. After automation and digitization of library resources, there is a challenge for library professional to manage this tremendous increase in e-resources. In this study, it is observed that all libraries are not following all the steps of different components of ERM such as selection, evaluation, acquisition, license agreement and renewal/cancelation of e-resource which are essential for the better management of e-resources. The voluminous e-resource can easily be managed through the ERM system. However, this study found that better management of e-resources directly effected by the facilities of IT infrastructures available in the library and proportion of non-professional staff to total staff.

Research limitations/implications

This study is confined to 38 libraries of ranked management institutes/business schools in India based on the report published in Business India, Business World and Business Today. This study is confined to issues relating to e-resources collection development, the status of IT infrastructure, life-cycle process of e-resources and tools and technology implemented to manage e-resources.

Originality/value

This paper provides how electronic resources are being managed by business/management school libraries in India. What are the methods/criteria they are being used in different components of the life cycle of e-resources management? In this paper, the hypothesis has been tested by using simple and advance statistical tools.
Analysis of technological, individual and community factors influencing the use of popular Web 2.0 tools in LIS education
Authors: Barhoumi Chokri
Published: August 2017

Purpose

This research paper aims to explore the technological, individual and community factors influencing the use of popular Web 2.0 tools in library and information science (LIS) education to prepare LIS students for Library 2.0. The study was guided by the activity theory (AT) and technology acceptance model (TAM) of Davis as a lens. The study reveals a set of factors concerning the technical tools, subjective perceptions, goals of online discussion, social presence within a community, rules for participation and roles of the participants that affect their online engagement patterns.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was performed during the 2015 academic year; it used a descriptive analytical research approach for exploring and analysing technological, individual and community factors influencing the use of the popular Web 2.0 tools in LIS education.

Findings

The results show that at the technological level of the AT, educators in the sample found the WhatsApp instant messaging and Twitter to be the easiest tools to use, selecting those tools at, respectively, 73.2 per cent (standard deviation = 0.450) and 61.1 per cent (standard deviation = 0.490). WhatsApp and Twitter also lead at the individual level of the AT, as the most valuable platforms for sharing information and knowledge. Video, text and photo objects are the most commonly shared items, used by 90.7, 93.5 and 98.9 per cent, respectively.

Originality/value

This study may be useful to help information science educators to prepare graduates for the emerging Web 2.0 environments and to prepare students for Library 2.0.
Understanding mobile learning adoption in higher education
Authors: Gan Chunmei , Li Hongxiu , Liu Yong
Published: August 2017

Purpose

This study aims to examine the factors driving an individual’s behavioural intention to adopt mobile learning in higher education.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from university students in China via a survey. A total of 192 valid responses were collected. Structural equation modelling was used to assess the research model.

Findings

The results show that both task and technology characteristics have significant impacts on task-technology fit (TTF), which in turn influences attitude. And attitude significantly affects behavioural intention. Regarding the factors, attitude was found to be the most influential predictor of mobile library adoption intention. In addition, the results provide strong support for the moderating effects of gender and experience on the relationship between TTF and behavioural intention.

Originality/value

Extant research on mobile learning has mainly focused on investigating how user perceptions of mobile technology affect user adoption but has rarely considered the impact of TTF. This study attempts to fill this gap.
CSR and cost of capital: evidence from Japan
Authors: Suto Megumi , Takehara Hitoshi
Published: August 2017

Purpose

This study aims to examine the link between corporate social performance (CSP) and the cost of capital of Japanese firms in 2008-2013, considering the influences of banking relationships and ownership structure.

Design/methodology/approach

It examines the relation between CSP and the cost of capital in terms of the cost of debt, cost of equity and weighted average cost of capital, using a composite CSP measure based on stakeholder relationships. A regression model is adopted, controlling for bank dependency, ownership structure and firm-specific attributes.

Findings

Institutional ownership influences the CSP–cost of equity relation and reduces the cost of equity, while CSP is perceived by debtors as not information-mitigating for the observed period. For 2008-2010, the relation between CSP and bank dependency increases the cost of debt; however, the positive influence of bank dependency on the cost of debt dilutes during 2010-2013 as the shift to a more market-oriented financial market in Japan occurs.

Practical implications

Although bank borrowing is important, especially for small firms, non-financial disclosure makes external financing more flexible. Institutional investors concerned about the non-financial aspects of business, therefore, play an important role in mitigating the information asymmetry that exists in the capital market.

Originality/value

This study extends research on the CSP–cost of capital link by considering structural changes in financial systems (e.g. capital market perception of CSP and banks as delegated monitors).
Fluid‐driven interfacial instabilities and turbulence in bacterial biofilms
Authors: Fabbri Stefania , Li Jian , Howlin Robert P. , Rmaile Amir , Gottenbos Bart , De Jager Marko , Starke E. Michelle , Aspiras Marcelo , Ward Marilyn T. , Cogan Nicholas G. , Stoodley Paul
Published: August 2017

Biofilms are thin layers of bacteria embedded within a slime matrix that live on surfaces. They are ubiquitous in nature and responsible for many medical and dental infections, industrial fouling and are also evident in ancient fossils. A biofilm structure is shaped by growth, detachment and response to mechanical forces acting on them. The main contribution to biofilm versatility in response to physical forces is the matrix that provides a platform for the bacteria to grow. The interaction between biofilm structure and hydrodynamics remains a fundamental question concerning biofilm dynamics. Here, we document the appearance of ripples and wrinkles in biofilms grown from three species of bacteria when subjected to high‐velocity fluid flows. Linear stability analysis suggested that the ripples were Kelvin–Helmholtz Instabilities. The analysis also predicted a strong dependence of the instability formation on biofilm viscosity explaining the different surface corrugations observed. Turbulence through Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities occurring at the interface demonstrated that the biofilm flows like a viscous liquid under high flow velocities applied within milliseconds. Biofilm fluid‐like behavior may have important implications for our understanding of how fluid flow influences biofilm biology since turbulence will likely disrupt metabolite and signal gradients as well as community stratification.
The tie that divides: Cross‐national evidence of the primacy of partyism
Authors: WESTWOOD SEAN J. , IYENGAR SHANTO , WALGRAVE STEFAAN , LEONISIO RAFAEL , MILLER LUIS , STRIJBIS OLIVER
Published: August 2017

Using evidence from Great Britain, the United States, Belgium and Spain, it is demonstrated in this article that in integrated and divided nations alike, citizens are more strongly attached to political parties than to the social groups that the parties represent. In all four nations, partisans discriminate against their opponents to a degree that exceeds discrimination against members of religious, linguistic, ethnic or regional out‐groups. This pattern holds even when social cleavages are intense and the basis for prolonged political conflict. Partisan animus is conditioned by ideological proximity; partisans are more distrusting of parties furthest from them in the ideological space. The effects of partisanship on trust are eroded when partisan and social ties collide. In closing, the article considers the reasons that give rise to the strength of ‘partyism’ in modern democracies.
The incidence and characteristics of 3‐month mortality after intraoperative cardiac arrest in adults
Authors: Hur M. , Lee H.‐C. , Lee K. H. , Kim J.‐T. , Jung C.‐W. , Park H.‐P.
Published: August 2017

Background

There is little information about clinical outcomes after intraoperative cardiac arrest (IOCA). We determined the incidence and characteristics of 3‐month mortality after IOCA.

Methods

The electronic medical records of 238,648 adult surgical patients from January 2005 to December 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Characteristics of IOCA were documented using the Utstein reporting template.

Results

IOCA occurred in 50 patients (21/100,000 surgeries). Nineteen patients died in the operating room, and further 12 patients died within 3 months post‐arrest (total mortality: 62%). Three survivors at 3 months post‐arrest had unfavourable neurological outcome. Finally, 34 patients showed unfavourable clinical outcomes at 3 months post‐arrest. The incidences of non‐cardiac surgery, emergency, pre‐operative intubation state, non‐shockable initial cardiac rhythm, hypovolaemic shock, pre‐operative complications‐induced cardiac arrest, non‐anaesthetic cause of cardiac arrest, intra‐ and post‐arrest transfusion, and continuous infusion of inotrope or vasopressor in intensive care unit (ICU) were significantly higher in non‐survivors at 3 months post‐arrest. Total epinephrine dose administrated during arrest was higher, and the duration of cardiac compressions was longer in non‐survivors at 3 months post‐arrest.

Conclusions

In this study, the incidence of IOCA was 21/100,000 surgeries and the 3‐month mortality rate after IOCA was 62%. Several factors including surgical emergency, non‐shockable initial cardiac rhythm, pre‐operative complications, surgical complications, long duration of cardiac compressions, high total epinephrine dose, transfusion, and continuous infusion of inotropes or vasopressors in ICU seemed to be risk factors for 3‐month mortality after IOCA. These risk factors should be considered in the light of relatively small sample size of this study.
Applying behavioural economics to public policy in Canada
Authors: French Robert , Oreopoulos Philip
Published: August 2017

Behavioural economics incorporates ideas from psychology, sociology and neuroscience to better predict how individuals make long‐term decisions. Often the ideas adopted include present or inattention bias, both potentially leading to suboptimal outcomes. But these models also point to opportunities for effective, low‐cost government policies that can have meaningful positive effects on people's long‐term well‐being. The last decade has been marked by a growing interest from governments the world over in using behavioural economics to inform policy decisions. This is true of Canada as well. In this paper we discuss the increasingly important role behavioural economics plays in Canadian public policy. We first contextualize government policies that have incorporated insights from behavioural economics by outlining a collection of models of intertemporal choice. We then present examples of public policy initiatives that are based upon findings in the field, placing particular emphasis on Canadian initiatives. We also document future opportunities, challenges and limitations.
Non‐invasive brain stimulation might act in synergy with invasive brain stimulation in dystonia
Authors: Beudel M.
Published: August 2017

Click here to view the accompanying paper in this volume.
The nature, consequences, and management of neurological disorders in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Jabbari Bahman , Vaziri Nosratola D.
Published: August 2017

Perhaps no other organ in the body is affected as often and in as many ways as the brain is in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several factors contribute to the neurological disorders in CKD including accumulation of uremic toxins, metabolic and hemodynamic disorders, oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired blood brain barrier among others. The neurological disorders in CKD involve both peripheral and central nervous system. The peripheral neurological symptoms of CKD are due to somatic and cranial peripheral neuropathies as well as a myopathy. The central neurological symptoms of CKD are due to the cortical predominantly cortical, or subcortical lesions. Cognitive decline, encephalopathy, cortical myoclonus, asterixis and epileptic seizures are distinct features of the cortical disorders of CKD. Diffuse white matter disease due to ischemia and hypoxia may be an important cause of subcortical encephalopathy. A special and more benign form of subcortical disorder caused by brain edema in CKD is termed posterior reversible encephalopathy. Subcortical pathology especially when it affects the basal ganglia causes a number of movement disorders including Parkinsonism, chorea and dystonia. A stimulus‐sensitive reflex myoclonus is believed to originate from the medullary structures. Sleep disorder and restless leg syndrome are common in CKD and have both central and peripheral origin. This article provides an overview of the available data on the nature, prevalence, pathophysiology, consequences and treatment of neurological complications of CKD.
Chitin and chitosan: biopolymers for wound management
Authors: Singh Rita , Shitiz Kirti , Singh Antaryami
Published: August 2017

Chitin and chitosan are biopolymers with excellent bioactive properties, such as biodegradability, non‐toxicity, biocompatibility, haemostatic activity and antimicrobial activity. A wide variety of biomedical applications for chitin and chitin derivatives have been reported, including wound‐healing applications. They are reported to promote rapid dermal regeneration and accelerate wound healing. A number of dressing materials based on chitin and chitosan have been developed for the treatment of wounds. Chitin and chitosan with beneficial intrinsic properties and high potential for wound healing are attractive biopolymers for wound management. This review presents an overview of properties, biomedical applications and the role of these biopolymers in wound care.
Exercise attenuates alveolar bone loss and anxiety‐like behaviour in rats with periodontitis
Authors: Andrade Eric F. , Orlando Débora R. , Gomes Júlia A. S. , Foureaux Renata de C. , Costa Rafael C. , Varaschin Mary S. , Rogatto Gustavo P. , de Moura Rodrigo F. , Pereira Luciano J.
Published: August 2017

Aim

To evaluate the effects of physical training on inflammatory and behavioural parameters of Wistar rats with periodontal disease (PD).

Materials and Methods

Twenty four animals were distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial design (with and without exercise, with and without PD). Trained animals swimmed one hour daily during 8 weeks. PD was induced by ligature 14 days before the end of experiment, and in the last week, all animals were submitted to the Marble Burying Test. Histomorphometric analyses of the mandibles and expression of cytokines were conducted by Western blotting. We also evaluated the morphometry of hippocampal astrocytes using anti‐glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody.

Results

Physical training attenuated bone loss and epithelial attachment loss levels of rats with PD. Trained animals with PD presented lower TNF‐α expression in periodontal tissues while IL‐10 was increased. TNF‐α/IL‐10 ratio was lower in trained animals with PD compared to those with induced periodontitis. PD increased anxiety‐like behaviour, and physical training attenuated this parameter. Exercise increased the ramifications of hippocampal astrocytes in rats without PD.

Conclusions

Exercise decreased anxiety behaviour, inflammatory proteins expression and bone loss in rats with PD.
Health and Aging Policy Fellows Program: Shaping a Healthy Future for Older Americans
Authors: Pincus Harold Alan , Pike Kathleen M. , Spaeth‐Rublee Brigitta , Elinson Lynn
Published: August 2017

As the size of the elderly population increases, so do the challenges of and barriers to high‐quality, affordable health care. The Health and Aging Policy Fellows (HAPF) Program is designed to provide health and aging professionals with the skills and experience to help lead the effort in reducing these barriers and shaping a healthy and productive future for older Americans. Since its inception in 2008, the program has affected not only the fellows who participate, but also the field of health and aging policy. Work needs to be done to sustain this program so that more fellows can participate and sound policies for the elderly population can continue to be shaped and improved. This report describes the HAPF Program, including its background (rationale, description, partners, progress, effect), lessons learned, challenges and solutions, and policy implications.
Viscous drag on the flagellum activates Bacillus subtilis entry into the K‐state
Authors: Diethmaier Christine , Chawla Ravi , Canzoneri Alexandra , Kearns Daniel B. , Lele Pushkar P. , Dubnau David
Published: August 2017

Bacillus subtilis flagella are not only required for locomotion but also act as sensors that monitor environmental changes. Although how the signal transmission takes place is poorly understood, it has been shown that flagella play an important role in surface sensing by transmitting a mechanical signal to control the DegS‐DegU two‐component system. Here we report a role for flagella in the regulation of the K‐state, which enables transformability and antibiotic tolerance (persistence). Mutations impairing flagellar synthesis are inferred to increase DegU‐P, which inhibits the expression of ComK, the master regulator for the K‐state, and reduces transformability. Tellingly, both deletion of the flagellin gene and straight filament (hagA233V) mutations increased DegU phosphorylation despite the fact that both mutants had wild type numbers of basal bodies and the flagellar motors were functional. We propose that higher viscous loads on flagellar motors result in lower DegU‐P levels through an unknown signaling mechanism. This flagellar‐load based mechanism ensures that cells in the motile subpopulation have a tenfold enhanced likelihood of entering the K‐state and taking up DNA from the environment. Further, our results suggest that the developmental states of motility and competence are related and most commonly occur in the same epigenetic cell type.
Characterization and pathogenicity assessment of Plectosphaerella species associated with stunting disease on tomato and pepper crops in Italy
Authors: Raimondo M. L. , Carlucci A.
Published: August 2017

This study follows a survey carried out in 2012 and 2013 on tomato and pepper crops in the Foggia province (southern Italy), for morphological, molecular and pathogenicity analyses of Plectosphaerella fungi. The Plectosphaerella genus includes several species that are pathogens of horticultural plants. The survey identified tomato and pepper crops that showed abundant wilt, leaf yellowing, and discolouration and necrosis of roots, plus collar and stem symptoms. Different fungi including Plectosphaerella spp. were isolated from tissues with and without symptoms. Subsequent molecular and morphological studies identified first records of P. citrulli infecting tomato and pepper, and P. pauciseptata and P. ramiseptata infecting pepper. Pathogenicity testing confirmed that most isolated species of Plectosphaerella caused symptoms on tomato and pepper, with P. ramiseptata the most aggressive. On the basis of these data, it is considered that Plectosphaerella species may cause stunting disease in tomato and pepper.
Contribution of both lignin content and sinapyl monomer to disease resistance in tobacco
Authors: Ma Q.‐H. , Zhu H.‐H. , Qiao M.‐Y.
Published: August 2017

As a major component of the cell wall, lignin has been suggested to play an important role in the plant defence response to various pathogens. However, how lignin is involved in plant pathogen interaction is still unclear. Here, a series of transgenic tobacco lines were cultivated with a range of differences in lignin content and composition. Evaluation of pathogen resistance in these plants indicated that lower total lignin content aggravated the severity of tobacco black shank and bacterial wilt diseases, while increased sinapyl lignin (S) alleviated the disease symptoms. The regression analysis indicated both lignin content and S lignin were positively correlated with disease resistance. These two factors had additive effects, exhibiting stronger correlation with disease resistance when they were combined. Neither guaiacyl lignin (G) nor S/G ratio showed close correlation with disease resistance. The expression of pathogenesis‐related protein genes PR2 and PR3 was induced after pathogen inoculation. However, the up‐regulation of PR2 and PR3 was not associated with a disease resistance‐induced increase in lignin content. These data collectively suggest that both total lignin content and S lignin are main factors that contribute to the basic defence response in tobacco.
Perspectives on Cybersecurity Information Sharing among Multiple Stakeholders Using a Decision‐Theoretic Approach
Authors: He Meilin , Devine Laura , Zhuang Jun
Published: August 2017

The government, private sectors, and others users of the Internet are increasingly faced with the risk of cyber incidents. Damage to computer systems and theft of sensitive data caused by cyber attacks have the potential to result in lasting harm to entities under attack, or to society as a whole. The effects of cyber attacks are not always obvious, and detecting them is not a simple proposition. As the U.S. federal government believes that information sharing on cybersecurity issues among organizations is essential to safety, security, and resilience, the importance of trusted information exchange has been emphasized to support public and private decision making by encouraging the creation of the Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC). Through a decision‐theoretic approach, this article provides new perspectives on ISAC, and the advent of the new Information Sharing and Analysis Organizations (ISAOs), which are intended to provide similar benefits to organizations that cannot fit easily into the ISAC structure. To help understand the processes of information sharing against cyber threats, this article illustrates 15 representative information sharing structures between ISAC, government, and other participating entities, and provide discussions on the strategic interactions between different stakeholders. This article also identifies the costs of information sharing and information security borne by different parties in this public‐private partnership both before and after cyber attacks, as well as the two main benefits. This article provides perspectives on the mechanism of information sharing and some detailed cost–benefit analysis.
Dynamic Blowout Risk Analysis Using Loss Functions
Authors: Abimbola Majeed , Khan Faisal
Published: August 2017

Most risk analysis approaches are static; failing to capture evolving conditions. Blowout, the most feared accident during a drilling operation, is a complex and dynamic event. The traditional risk analysis methods are useful in the early design stage of drilling operation while falling short during evolving operational decision making. A new dynamic risk analysis approach is presented to capture evolving situations through dynamic probability and consequence models. The dynamic consequence models, the focus of this study, are developed in terms of loss functions. These models are subsequently integrated with the probability to estimate operational risk, providing a real‐time risk analysis. The real‐time evolving situation is considered dependent on the changing bottom‐hole pressure as drilling progresses. The application of the methodology and models are demonstrated with a case study of an offshore drilling operation evolving to a blowout.
Gender asymmetries: Impacts of an early‐stage school intervention in the Philippines
Authors: Yamauchi Futoshi , Liu Yanyan
Published: August 2017

This paper examines long‐term impacts of improved school quality at the elementary school cycle on subsequent schooling investments and labor market outcomes using unique data from a survey that tracked nearly 3,500 former students in the Philippines. The Third Elementary Education Project (TEEP) intervention introduced a package of investments and management reforms at the school level, including classroom constructions, textbooks, teacher training, and school‐based management in the period of 2000 to 2006. The impacts on subsequent schooling investments and labor market earnings differ between females and males. The intervention significantly increased earnings among females, which reduced the existing wage gap by gender. However, the findings on schooling outcomes are mixed; the gender gap tended to widen, enhancing females’ existing relative advantage in schooling, though their impacts are insignificant for both females and males.
Fusion and scission of membranes: Ubiquitous topological transformations in cells
Authors: Knorr Roland L. , Mizushima Noboru , Dimova Rumiana
Published: August 2017

The 2016 Nobel Prizes were awarded to Yoshinori Ohsumi for autophagy and to David Thouless, Duncan Haldane and Michael Kosterlitz for topological transitions. Both of these phenomena are intrinsically related when it comes to membranes. Here, we give a brief account on topological transformations of lipid membranes, commonly known as membrane fusion and membrane scission, and introduce the underlying topological invariant, the genus. The genus of a shape is a useful concept to distinguish unambiguously the processes of membrane fusion/scission and offers a simple method to describe complex, cellular membrane structures, such as fenestrated cristae. We distinguish and highlight the connection between topological transformations of lipid membranes and the recent awards, and point out the extraordinarily large number of topological changes during autophagy.
Interpopulation variability and adaptive potential for reduced glyphosate sensitivity in Alopecurus myosuroides
Authors: Davies L R , Neve P
Published: August 2017

Glyphosate use in the United Kingdom has more than doubled in the last 20 years. Much of this increase is driven by efforts to control herbicide resistant weeds, particularly Alopecurus myosuroides, prior to crop drilling. There is precedent for evolution of glyphosate resistance in similar situations, raising concerns over the sustainability of glyphosate use in the UK. We used dose–response experiments to examine variation in glyphosate sensitivity amongst 40 field‐collected A. myosuroides populations. No populations were resistant to glyphosate, but ED90 values ranged between 354 and 610 g a.i. ha−1. Five populations had ED90 values significantly higher than the unexposed control population collected from a site at Rothamsted Research with no previous glyphosate exposure. Recurrent selection experiments were performed to determine whether variation in glyphosate sensitivity had a heritable basis. Following two rounds of selection, five of six field populations evolved significantly reduced sensitivity to glyphosate, with R/S ratios, based on estimated ED50 values, ranging from 1.2 to 1.5. These results confirm that there is a heritable basis to variation in glyphosate sensitivity. The response to selection was modest. Evolved populations were not highly resistant to glyphosate, although some twice‐selected individuals survived recommended field rates. These results do not represent definitive proof of the potential of A. myosuroides to evolve glyphosate resistance, although they do indicate caution is needed when considering the sustainability of increased glyphosate use to control this herbicide resistance‐prone species.
Mental practice for chronic pain in people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Opsommer Emmanuelle , Korogod Natalya
Published: August 2017

Review question/objective:

: The primary objective of this systematic review is to identify the effects of mental practice (MP) interventions on chronic neuropathic and nociceptive pain and motor function recovery in individuals after spinal cord injury (SCI). Where possible, this review will also describe the optimal type and dosage (i.e. frequency, intensity and duration) of MP interventions for patients with SCI.
Quality indicators for screening colonoscopies and colonoscopist performance and the subsequent risk of interval bowel cancer: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Lund Martin , Trads Mette , Erichsen Rune , Andersen Berit
Published: August 2017

Review question/objective:

: The objective of this systematic review is to assess the association between quality indicators related to the individual colonoscopist's performance and subsequent interval cancers in patients participating in bowel cancer screening programs, following the JBI approach.
1

This systematic review of association will search all relevant literature on the subject to answer the following review questions:

1. Are the commonly used quality indicators of cecal intubation rate (CIR), adenoma detection rate (ADR), polyp recovery (PR), withdrawal time (WT), and incomplete adenoma resection (IAR)/incomplete polyp resection (IPR) associated with the outcome of interval cancer?

2. Is it possible to determine cut-off values that are significantly associated with each of the quality indicators mentioned above and the outcome of interval cancer?
Patient perspectives on interprofessional collaboration between healthcare professionals during hospitalization: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Didier Amélia , Campbell Joan , Franco Loris , Serex Magali , Staffoni-Donadini Liliana , Gachoud David , Zumstein-Shaha Maya
Published: August 2017

Review question/objective:

: The objective of this qualitative systematic review is to examine the available evidence on interprofessional collaboration from the patients’ perspectives, specifically on: i) interprofessional collaboration in adult or pediatric wards during hospitalization; ii) the influence of interprofessional collaboration on the patient's care, safety and well-being in adult or pediatric wards during hospitalization; and (iii) the patient's role in the interprofessional collaboration process in adult or pediatric wards during hospitalization.
Which epenthetic vowel? Phonetic categories versus acoustic detail in perceptual vowel epenthesis
Authors: Guevara-Rukoz Adriana , Lin Isabelle , Morii Masahiro , Minagawa Yasuyo , Dupoux Emmanuel , Peperkamp Sharon
Published: August 2017

This study aims to quantify the relative contributions of phonetic categories and acoustic detail on phonotactically induced perceptual vowel epenthesis in Japanese listeners. A vowel identification task tested whether a vowel was perceived within illegal consonant clusters and, if so, which vowel was heard. Cross-spliced stimuli were used in which vowel coarticulation present in the cluster did not match the quality of the flanking vowel. Two clusters were used, /hp/ and /kp/, the former containing larger amounts of resonances of the preceding vowel. While both flanking vowel and coarticulation influenced vowel quality, the influence of coarticulation was larger, especially for /hp/.
Draft Nuclear Genome, Complete Chloroplast Genome, and Complete Mitochondrial Genome for the Biofuel/Bioproduct Feedstock Species
Scenedesmus obliquus
Strain DOE0152z
Authors: Starkenburg S. R. , Polle J. E. W. , Hovde B. , Daligault H. E. , Davenport K. W. , Huang A. , Neofotis P. , McKie-Krisberg Z.
Published: August 2017

The green alga
Scenedesmus obliquus
is an emerging platform species for the industrial production of biofuels. Here, we report the draft assembly and annotation for the nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes of
S. obliquus
strain DOE0152z.
Draft Genome Sequences from a Novel Clade of Bacillus cereus
Sensu Lato
Strains, Isolated from the International Space Station
Authors: Venkateswaran Kasthuri , Checinska Sielaff Aleksandra , Ratnayake Shashikala , Pope Robert K. , Blank Thomas E. , Stepanov Victor G. , Fox George E. , van Tongeren Sandra P. , Torres Clinton , Allen Jonathan , Jaing Crystal , Pierson Duane , Perry Jay , Koren Sergey , Phillippy Adam , Klubnik Joy , Treangen Todd J. , Rosovitz M. J. , Bergman Nicholas H.
Published: August 2017

The draft genome sequences of six
Bacillus
strains, isolated from the International Space Station and belonging to the
Bacillus anthracis
-
B. cereus
-
B. thuringiensis
group, are presented here. These strains were isolated from the Japanese Experiment Module (one strain), U.S. Harmony Node 2 (three strains), and Russian Segment Zvezda Module (two strains).
Mechanical thrombectomy for repeated cerebral tumor embolism from a thoracic sarcomatoid carcinoma
Authors: Pop Raoul , Mihoc Dan , Manisor Monica , Richter Johann Sebastian , Lindner Veronique , Janssen-Langenstein Ralf , Simu Mihaela , Wolff Valerie , Beaujeux Remy
Published: August 2017

Cerebral embolism originating from intracardiac tumors represents a rare cause of stroke and has been documented in both adult and pediatric populations. We present a patient recently diagnosed with a right pulmonary hilum tumor, invading the pulmonary veins and the left atrium. Two consecutive episodes of large cerebral vessel occlusion in separate vascular territories occurred in the same day and were treated by mechanical thrombectomy. Embolic material retrieved on both occasions contained tumor fragments with peripheral endothelialization. To our knowledge, this is the first report with histological confirmation of cerebral embolism from an invasive extracardiac tumor.
Paraneoplastic mucous membrane pemphigoid with ocular and laryngeal involvement
Authors: Lambiel Silvia , Dulguerov Pavel , Laffitte Emmanuel , Leuchter Igor
Published: August 2017

A 73-year-old woman was treated 8 years previously for synchronous breast and uterine neoplasms. She presented with a severe sore throat, odynophagia, dysphonia, dyspnoea, ocular irritation and weight loss over the last 3 months. Physical examination revealed ulcerations in the oral cavity, posterior pharyngeal wall and supraglottic larynx, nasal crusting, bilateral conjunctivitis and three cutaneous blisters. A diagnosis of anti-laminin 5 mucous membrane pemphigoid was retained, based on skin biopsy, direct immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. A positron emission tomography (PET)-CT detected multiple adenopathies. Cytology revealed adenocarcinoma with an immunocytology compatible with a breast origin and this was considered as a late metastatic recurrence of her previous breast cancer. A treatment of prednisone, dapsone and hormonotherapy was introduced, but intravenous immunoglobulin and rituximab were added due to new mucosal lesions. Despite treatment, a posterior laryngeal scar and bilateral symblepharon were developed. After 3 years, the patient is still alive and reports a satisfactory quality of life.