bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel and Promising Strategies for Therapy of Post-Transplant Chronic GVHD
Authors: Kostareva Irina , Kirgizov Kirill , Machneva Elena , Ustyuzhanina Nadezhda , Nifantiev Nikolay , Skvortsova Yulia , Shubina Irina , Reshetnikova Vera , Valiev Timur , Varfolomeeva Svetlana , Kiselevskiy Mikhail
Published: September 2022

Despite the achievements that have increased viability after the transplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells (aHSCT), chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains the main cause of late complications and post-transplant deaths. At the moment, therapy alternatives demonstrate limited effectiveness in steroid-refractory illness; in addition, we have no reliable data on the mechanism of this condition. The lack of drugs of choice for the treatment of GVHD underscores the significance of the design of new therapies. Improved understanding of the mechanism of chronic GVHD has secured new therapy goals, and organized diagnostic recommendations and the development of medical tests have ensured a general language and routes for studies in this field. These factors, combined with the rapid development of pharmacology, have helped speed up the search of medicines and medical studies regarding chronic GVHD. At present, we can hope for success in curing this formidable complication. This review summarizes the latest clinical developments in new treatments for chronic GVHD.
The Antioxidant Role of Hemp Phytocomplex in Cannabis Oil-Based Extracts
Authors: Morano Camillo , Dei Cas Michele , Roda Gabriella , Fabbriconi Adalberto , Casagni Eleonora , Pallavicini Marco , Bolchi Cristiano , Pallotti Gloria , Romaniello Francesco , Rovellini Pierangela
Published: September 2022

The therapeutic use of Cannabis oil extracts is constantly increasing. However, in Italy, they are allowed to be prepared with only a few methods and matrices. With this work, we aimed to assess how the different processes might affect the chemical composition of two different matrices (olive oils and medium chain triglycerides oils - MCT), accounting as variables for both the presence of Cannabis dried apices of the female flower and the adding of tocopherol acetate as an antioxidant. The macerated oils were prepared with four of the methods allowed according to the Italian legislation (Romano-Hazekamp, Cannazza-Citti, SIFAP and Calvi) and analyzed for normal and oxidized tocopherols, oxidized and conjugated fatty acids and volatile carbonyl compounds (VCCs), all using liquid chromatography coupled to UV or PDA detectors. According to our results, neither normal nor oxidized tocopherols are affected by the addition of antioxidants or Cannabis, while the oxidation state (according to the levels of oxidized and conjugated fatty acids) is often altered in either case. The VCCs concentrations, on the other hand, are never notably altered. These results suggest a worthless use of antioxidants in Cannabis macerated oils preparations, while the dried apices of female flowers might have a protective role in maintaining the oil oxidation state.
Evaluation of Antineoplastic Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Skin Reactions In Vitro
Authors: Roger Inés , Montero Paula , García Antonio , Milara Javier , Ribera Pilar , Pérez-Fidalgo Jose Alejandro , Cortijo Julio
Published: September 2022

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) is caused by a broad number of drugs used in clinic, and antineoplastic drugs show an elevated proportion of DTH, which potentially affects the quality of life of patients. Despite the serious problem and the negative economic impact deriving from market withdrawal of such drugs and high hospitalization costs, nowadays, there are no standard validated methods in vitro or in vivo to evaluate the sensitizing potential of drugs in the preclinical phase. Enhanced predictions in preclinical safety evaluations are really important, and for that reason, the aim of our work is to adapt in vitro DPRA, ARE-Nrf2 luciferase KeratinoSensTM, and hCLAT assays for the study of the sensitizing potential of antineoplastic agents grouped by mechanism of action. Our results reveal that the above tests are in vitro techniques able to predict the sensitizing potential of the tested antineoplastics. Moreover, this is the first time that the inhibition of the VEGFR1 pathway has been identified as a potential trigger of DTH.
Preparation, In Vitro Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Polymeric pH-Responsive Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Suhail Muhammad , Liu Jia-Yu , Hung Ming-Chia , Chiu I-Hui , Minhas Muhammad Usman , Wu Pao-Chu
Published: September 2022

The aim of the current investigation was based on the development of pH-responsive hydrogels of chondroitin sulfate, carbopol, and polyvinyl alcohol polymerized with acrylic acid in the presence of ammonium persulfate and ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate for controlled drug delivery. A free radical polymerization technique was used for the preparation of these pH-responsive hydrogels. The gel fraction of the prepared hydrogels was increased with the increase in the chondroitin sulfate, carbopol, polyvinyl alcohol, and acrylic acid content, while the sol-fraction was decreased. Swelling and drug release studies were performed in various pH conditions. Greater swelling and drug release were observed at high pH values (pH 4.6 and 7.4) as compared to low pH value (pH 1.2), representing the pH-responsive nature of the synthesized hydrogels. Porosity and drug loading were increased with the incorporation of high concentrations of hydrogel contents except polyvinyl alcohol, which showed reverse effects. Similarly, biodegradation study reported a slow degradation rate of the prepared hydrogels with the increase in hydrogel constituents. Cytotoxicity study proved the safe use of developed hydrogels as no toxic effect was shown on T84 human colon cancer cells. Similarly, various characterizations, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, were performed for prepared hydrogels. Hence, we could demonstrate that the prepared hydrogels can be used as a promising drug carrier for the controlled delivery of drugs.
Preparation and Characterization of Pazopanib Hydrochloride-Loaded Four-Component Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems Preconcentrate for Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution
Authors: Choi Seung Ah , Park Eun Ji , Lee Jun Hak , Min Kyoung Ah , Kim Sung Tae , Jang Dong-Jin , Maeng Han-Joo , Jin Sung Giu , Cho Kwan Hyung
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to develop a four-component self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (FCS) to enhance the solubility and dissolution of pazopanib hydrochloride (PZH). In the solubility test, PZH showed a highly pH-dependent solubility (pH 1.2 > water >> pH 4.0 and pH 6.8) and was solubilized at 70 °C in the order Kollisolv PG (5.38%, w/w) > Kolliphor RH40 (0.49%) > Capmul MCM C10 (0.21%) and Capmul MCM C8 (0.19%), selected as the solubilizer, the surfactant, and the oils, respectively. In the characterization of the three-component SNEDDS (TCS) containing Kolliphor RH40/Capmul MCM C10, the particle size of dispersion was very small (<50 nm) and the PZH loading was 0.5% at the weight ratio of 9/1. In the characterization of FCS containing additional Kollisolv PG to TCS, PZH loading was increased to 5.30% without any PZH precipitation, which was 10-fold higher compared to the TCS. The optimized FCS prepared with the selected formulation (Kolliphor RH40/Capmul MCM C10/Kollisolv PG) showed a consistently complete and high dissolution rate (>95% at 120 min) at four different pHs with 1% polysorbate 80, whereas the raw PZH and Kollisolv PG solution showed a pH-dependent poor dissolution rate (about 40% at 120 min), specifically at pH 6.8 with 1% polysorbate 80. In conclusion, PZH-loaded FCS in this work demonstrated enhanced solubility and a consistent dissolution rate regardless of medium pH.
Suicide Prevention in Nigeria: Can Community Pharmacists Have a Role?
Authors: Chike-Obuekwe Somto , Gray Nicola J. , Gorton Hayley C.
Published: September 2022

Suicide is a global public health problem and is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Over 700,000 people die by suicide globally each year, affecting all ages, genders, and regions. Community pharmacists are easily accessible and trusted frontline healthcare professionals. They provide pharmaceutical care to the community, yet their role is still yet to be fully optimised. With the expanding role of community pharmacists and their constant accessibility to the local population, they could have a potential role in suicide prevention and awareness in Nigeria through restriction of means, signposting to services, and conversations with patients built on trusting relationships. In this commentary, we review the literature on the involvement of community pharmacists in suicide prevention. In addition, we discuss the potential role of community pharmacists in Nigeria through establishing trusting relationships with patients, clinical counselling, and medication gatekeeping, given the existing gaps in knowledge and awareness of suicide prevention within community settings. This commentary also outlines potential barriers and solutions, making suggestions for future research.
Orbital and Spin Dynamics of Electron’s States Transition in Hydrogen Atom Driven by Electric Field
Authors: Yang Ciann-Dong , Han Shiang-Yi
Published: September 2022

State transition in the multiple-levels system has the great potential applications in the quantum technology. In this article we employ a deterministic approach in complex space to analyze the dynamics of the 1s–2p electron transition in the hydrogen atom. The electron’s spin motion is embodied in the framework of quantum Hamilton mechanics that allows us to examine the transition dynamics more precisely. The transition is driven by an oscillating electric field in the z-direction. The electron’s transition process can be visualized by monitoring its motion in the complex space. The quantum potential and the total energy proposed in this paper provide new indices to observe the dynamic changes of electrons in the transition process.
Microwave Field Metrology Based on Rydberg States of Alkali-Metal Atoms
Authors: Ovsiannikov Vitaly D. , Palchikov Vitaly G. , Glukhov Igor L.
Published: September 2022

The high-precision determination of microwave radiation parameters may be based on measurements of the spectral characteristics of radiation transitions between the Rydberg states of atoms. Frequencies and matrix elements are calculated for dipole transitions from even-parity nS1/2 and nD5/2 to odd-parity n′P3/2 and n′F7/2 (where n′ = n, n ± 1, n ± 2) for the Rydberg states of alkali-metal atoms. The matrix elements determine the splitting of Rydberg-state energy levels in the field of a resonance microwave (μw) radiation, which results in the splitting of the resonance in electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT). Numerical computations based on the single-electron quantum defect method (QDM) and the Fues’ model potential (FMP) approach with the use of the most reliable data of the current literature on quantum defect values were performed for the 2S, 2P, 2D and 2F series of the Rydberg states of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs atoms. The calculated data were approximated by quadratic polynomials of the principal quantum number. The polynomial coefficients were determined with the use of a standard curve-fitting interpolation polynomial procedure for numerically presented functions. The approximation equations may be used for the accurate evaluation of the frequencies and matrix elements of μw transitions in wide ranges of the Rydberg-state quantum numbers n >> 1.
Performance Estimation and Selection Guideline of SiPM Chip within SiPM-Based OFDM-OWC System
Authors: Zhang Long , Jiang Rui , Tang Xinke , Chen Zhen , Li Zhongyi , Chen Juan
Published: September 2022

The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), which has high spectral efficiency, is an attractive solution for silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)-based optical wireless communication (OWC) systems to boost data rates. However, the currently available SiPMs are not optimized for implementing the OFDM receiver. Incorporating different types of SiPM at the OFDM receiver results in different data rates at the same condition. Therefore, the receiver designer requires a method for predicting the performance of SiPMs and then selects the best one to build the optimum receiver. In this paper, we first investigate the origin of SiPM’s power-dependent frequency response. The investigation outcome is then used to create a method for predicting the subcarrier SNR. Combining the estimated subcarrier SNR with the bit-loading scheme, we finally propose a general approach for estimating the fundamental OFDM data rate an SiPM chip can support at a given received power. Results are then presented that can be used by the future receiver designer as a guideline to find the best type of SiPM to build the optimum OFDM receiver.
A Novel High-Sensitivity Terahertz Microstructure Fiber Biosensor for Detecting Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhang Yani , Miao Ting , Mu Qiyuan , Zhou Lei , Meng Cheng , Xue Jia , Yao Yiming
Published: September 2022

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. In recent years, various kinds of biosensors based on optical fiber have been proposed for detection of cancer cells due to their advantages of accurate diagnosis, small size, low cost, and flexible design parameters. In the present study, a microstructure fiber (MSF) biosensor with porous-core structures was designed to detect cancer cells using a terahertz time-domain system (TDS). The fiber characteristics of the proposed MSF were optimized by adopting a finite element numerical technique and perfectly matching layer absorption boundary conditions. The numerical results show that the proposed biosensor presented an ultrahigh sensitivity for detection of cancer cells. Under the optimal condition of 0.9 THz, the relative sensitivity of the proposed structure to breast cancer cells was as high as 99.8%. Moreover, other optical fiber parameters, such as effective material loss (EML), confinement loss (CL), numerical aperture (NA), power fraction, and effective area (Aeff), were optimal according to the reported results. The proposed structure can be easily fabricated by 3D printing and flexibly applied in the fields of biomedicine and biosensing with a terahertz (THz) waveguide.
Excited States in Isobaric Multiplets—Experimental Advances and the Shell-Model Approach
Authors: Bentley Michael A
Published: September 2022

A review of recent advances in the study of the energy splitting between excited isobaric analogue states is presented. Some of the experimental developments, and new approaches, associated with spectroscopy of the most proton-rich members of isobaric multiplets, are discussed. The review focuses on the immense impact of the shell-model in the analysis of energy differences and their interpretation in terms of nuclear structure phenomena.
Plants: Sources of Diversity in Propolis Properties
Authors: Bobiş Otilia
Published: September 2022

Propolis or “bee glue” is a resinous waxy substance that is produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera) by mixing the exudates collected from plants, namely tree buds, sap flows, leaves, branches and barks with their saliva and beeswax. Propolis composition is very complex. Its main constituents are resins and volatiles originating from plants and wax added by the bee. The biological activity of propolis is assigned to these plant-derived substances. The main three types of propolis are European propolis, called poplar type propolis; Green Brazilian propolis (derived mainly from the leaf resin of Baccharis dracunculifolia) and Red Cuban propolis (from the floral resin of Clusia rosea). The plant’s source gives it a specific composition and properties for the propolis types that are coming from different regions of the world. For this reason, studies on the chemical composition of propolis as well as its botanical sources resulting in its geographically conditioned diversity, were a very good theme for the present Special Issue (SI) of Plants journal. The present SI contains nine original contributions addressing propolis plant sources, their chemical composition and different bioactive properties derived from this origin. The chemical composition of propolis that is made by the bees was also discussed, as well as the different medical activities of propolis extract. The papers cover a wide range of subjects, including (i) the plant species used by the bees as raw material for propolis production, (ii) the biological activities of plant extracts related to propolis, (iii) the chemical composition of different types of propolis, (iv) the biological activity of propolis, (v) propolis and human health, and (vi) synergism between plants and propolis in human health. The studies have been carried out in both in vitro and in vivo surveys and a wide range of geographic regions are covered in the sample collection.
Phylogenomics and Systematics of Overlooked Mesoamerican and South American Polyploid Broad-Leaved Festuca Grasses Differentiate F. sects. Glabricarpae and Ruprechtia and F. subgen. Asperifolia, Erosiflorae, Mallopetalon and Coironhuecu (subgen. nov.)
Authors: Moreno-Aguilar María Fernanda , Inda Luís. A. , Sánchez-Rodríguez Aminael , Catalán Pilar , Arnelas Itziar
Published: September 2022

Allopolyploidy is considered a driver of diversity in subtribe Loliinae. We investigate the evolution and systematics of the poorly studied Mesoamerican and South American polyploid broad-leaved Festuca L. species of uncertain origin and unclear taxonomy. A taxonomic study of seven diagnostic morphological traits was conducted on a representation of 22 species. Phylogenomic analyses were performed on a representation of these supraspecific taxa and all other Loliinae lineages using separate data from the entire plastome, nuclear rDNA 45S and 5S genes, and repetitive DNA elements. F. subgen. Mallopetalon falls within the fine-leaved (FL) Loliinae clade, whereas the remaining taxa are nested within the broad-leaved (BL) Loliinae clade forming two separate Mexico–Central–South American (MCSAI, MCSAII) lineages. MCSAI includes representatives of F. sect. Glabricarpae and F. subgen. Asperifolia plus F. superba, and MCSAII of F. subgen. Erosiflorae and F. sect. Ruprechtia plus F. argentina. MCSAII likely had a BL Leucopoa paternal ancestor, MCSAI and MCSAII a BL Meso-South American maternal ancestor, and Mallopetalon FL, American I–II ancestors. Plastome vs. nuclear topological discordances corroborated the hybrid allopolyploid origins of these taxa, some of which probably originated from Northern Hemisphere ancestors. The observed data indicate rapid reticulate radiations in the Central–South American subcontinent. Our systematic study supports the reclassification of some studied taxa in different supraspecific Festuca ranks.
Marrubium alysson L. Ameliorated Methotrexate-Induced Testicular Damage in Mice through Regulation of Apoptosis and miRNA-29a Expression: LC-MS/MS Metabolic Profiling
Authors: Abdelhameed Reda F. A. , Ali Asmaa I. , Elhady Sameh S. , Abo Mansour Hend E. , Mehanna Eman T. , Mosaad Sarah M. , Ibrahim Salma A. , Hareeri Rawan H. , Badr Jihan M. , Eltahawy Nermeen A.
Published: September 2022

Despite the efficient anti-cancer capabilities of methotrexate (MTX), it may induce myelosuppression, liver dysfunction and testicular toxicity. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether Marrubium alysson L. (M. alysson L.) methanolic extract and its polyphenol fraction could protect mouse testicles from MTX-induced damage. We also investigated the protective effects of three selected pure flavonoid components of M. alysson L. extract. Mice were divided into seven groups (n = 8): (1) normal control, (2) MTX, (3) Methanolic extract + MTX, (4) Polyphenolic fraction + MTX, (5) Kaempferol + MTX, (6) Quercetin + MTX, and (7) Rutin + MTX. Pre-treatment of mice with the methanolic extract, the polyphenolic fraction of M. alysson L. and the selected pure compounds ameliorated the testicular histopathological damage and induced a significant increase in the serum testosterone level and testicular antioxidant enzymes along with a remarkable decline in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level versus MTX alone. Significant down-regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), p53 and miRNA-29a testicular expression was also observed in all the protected groups. Notably, the polyphenolic fraction of M. alysson L. displayed a more pronounced decline in the testicular levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and MDA, with higher testosterone levels relative to the methanolic extract. Further improvements in the Johnsen score, histopathological results and all biochemical assays were achieved by pre-treatment with the three selected pure compounds kaempferol, quercetin and rutin. In conclusion, M. alysson L. could protect against MTX-induced testicular injury by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic activities and through the regulation of the miRNA-29a testicular expression. The present study also included chemical profiling of M. alysson L. extract, which was accomplished by LC-ESI-TOF-MS/MS analysis. Forty compounds were provisionally assigned, comprising twenty compounds discovered in the positive mode and seventeen detected in the negative mode.
BnGF14-2c Positively Regulates Flowering via the Vernalization Pathway in Semi-Winter Rapeseed
Authors: Fan Shihang , Liu Hongfang , Liu Jing , Hua Wei , Li Jun
Published: September 2022

14-3-3s are general regulatory factors (GF14s or GRFs) involved in a variety of physiological regulations in plants, including the control of flowering time. However, there are poorly relevant reports in rapeseed so far. In this study, we identified a homologous 14-3-3 gene BnGF14-2c (AtGRF2_Like in Brassica napus) in rapeseed based on bioinformatic analysis by using the sequences of the flowering-related 14-3-3s in other plant species. Then, we found that overexpression of BnGF14-2c in the semi-winter rapeseed “93275” promoted flowering without vernalization. Moreover, both yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis indicated that BnGF14-2c may interact with two vernalization-related flowering regulators BnFT.A02 and BnFLC.A10., respectively. qPCR analysis showed that the expression of BnFT (AtFT_Like) was increased and the expression of two selected vernalization-related genes were reduced in the overexpression transgenic plants. Further investigation on subcellular localization demonstrated that BnGF14-2c localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The results of RNA-seq analysis and GUS staining indicated that BnGF14-2c is ubiquitously expressed except for mature seed coat. In general, the interaction of 14-3-3 and FLC was firstly documented in this study, indicating BnGF14-2c may act as a positive regulator of flowering in rapeseed, which is worthy for more in-depth exploration.
Optimized Method for the Identification of Candidate Genes and Molecular Maker Development Related to Drought Tolerance in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Authors: Nuanlaong Sunya , Wuthisuthimethavee Suwit , Azzeme Azzreena Mohamad , Suraninpong Potjamarn
Published: September 2022

Drought is a major constraint in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) production. As oil palm breeding takes a long time, molecular markers of genes related to drought tolerance characteristics were developed for effective selection. Two methods of gene identification associated with drought, differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) and pyrosequencing platform, were conducted before developing the EST-SSR marker. By DDRT-PCR, fourteen out of twenty-four primer combinations yielded the polymorphism in leaf as 77.66% and root as 96.09%, respectively. BLASTN and BLASTX revealed nucleotides from 8 out of 236 different banding similarities to genes associated with drought stress. Five out of eight genes gave a similarity with our pyrosequencing sequencing database. Furthermore, pyrosequencing analysis of two oil palm libraries, drought-tolerant, and drought sensitive, found 117 proteins associated with drought tolerance. Thirteen out of sixty EST-SSR primers could be distinguished in 119 oil palm parents in our breeding program. All of our found genes revealed an ability to develop as a molecular marker for drought tolerance. However, the function of the validated genes on drought response in oil palm must be evaluated.
Protein Hydrolysates from Animal or Vegetal Sources Affect Morpho-Physiological Traits, Ornamental Quality, Mineral Composition, and Shelf-Life of Chrysanthemum in a Distinctive Manner
Authors: Carillo Petronia , Pannico Antonio , Cirillo Chiara , Ciriello Michele , Colla Giuseppe , Cardarelli Mariateresa , De Pascale Stefania , Rouphael Youssef
Published: September 2022

Protein hydrolysates (PHs) are a prominent category of plant biostimulants, mainly constituted of amino acids, oligopeptides and polypeptides, obtained by partial hydrolysis of animal or plant protein sources. Despite scientific evidence supporting the biostimulant action of PHs on vegetables, the morphological, physiological, and shelf-life performances underlying the PH action on cut flowers are still poorly explored. Accordingly, the aim of this research is to assess the effects of three commercial biostimulants, one animal PH (PH A, Hicure®) and two plant PHs (PH V1, Trainer® and PH V2, Vegamin©), on two chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) cultivars (Pinacolada and Radost). In both cultivars, only the plant-derived PH (V1 and V2) treatments recorded significantly higher fresh plant biomass than the control (on average +18%, in both cultivars). The foliar application of the vegetal-derived PHs but not the animal one, particularly in Pinacolada, improved the status of plants, stimulating stem elongation and the apical flower diameter. In Pinacolada, applications with PH V1 resulted in a significant increase in nitrate and P concentration in leaves and Ca content in flowers compared with the control (+43%, +27%, and +28% for nitrate, P, and Ca, respectively). In Radost, PH A and PH V2 applications caused a significant reduction in nitrate concentration in both leaves and flowers compared with the control. One week after harvest, in both cultivars, PH A applications caused flower stems to wilt faster than the control. In contrast, plants treated with PH V1 revealed significantly slower flower stem senescence compared to the control. Flower wilting during vase life was correlated to a decrease in the K-to-Na ratio in flowers due to an inability to transport K to the flowers from the leaves rather than an increase in Na in the flowers themselves.
Field Application of a Vis/NIR Hyperspectral Imaging System for Nondestructive Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties in ‘Madoka’ Peaches
Authors: Jang Kyeong Eun , Kim Geonwoo , Shin Mi Hee , Cho Jung Gun , Jeong Jae Hoon , Lee Seul Ki , Kang Dongyoung , Kim Jin Gook
Published: September 2022

Extensive research has been performed on the in-field nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of the physicochemical properties of ‘Madoka’ peaches, such as chromaticity (a*), soluble solids content (SSC), firmness, and titratable acidity (TA) content. To accomplish this, a snapshot-based hyperspectral imaging (HSI) approach for filed application was conducted in the visible and near-infrared (Vis/NIR) region. The hyperspectral images of ‘Madoka’ samples were captured and combined with commercial HSI analysis software, and then the physicochemical properties of the ‘Madoka’ samples were predicted. To verify the performance of the field-based HSI application, a lab-based HSI application was also conducted, and their coefficient of determination values (R2) were compared. Finally, pixel-based chemical images were produced to interpret the dynamic changes of the physicochemical properties in ‘Madoka’ peach. Consequently, the a* values and SSC content shows statistically significant R2 values (0.84). On the other hand, the firmness and TA content shows relatively lower accuracy (R2 = 0.6 to 0.7). Then, the resultant chemical images of the a* values and SSC content were created and could represent their different levels using grey scale gradation. This indicates that the HSI system with integrated HSI software used in this work has promising potential as an in-field NDE for analyzing the physicochemical properties in ‘Madoka’ peaches.
Foliarly Applied 24-Epibrassinolide Modulates the Electrical Conductivity of the Saturated Rhizospheric Soil Extracts of Soybean under Salinity Stress
Authors: Otie Victoria , Ibrahim Ali , Udo Itohowo , Kashiwagi Junichi , Matsuura Asana , Shao Yang , Itam Michael , An Ping , Eneji Anthony Egrinya
Published: September 2022

The accumulation of salts within the rhizosphere is a common phenomenon in arid and semi-arid regions where irrigation water is high in salts. A previous study established the ameliorative effect of foliarly applied 24-epibrassinolide (BR) on soybean under salinity stress. As a follow-up to that study, this work evaluated the effects of BR on the electrical conductivity of saturated soil extracts (ECses) under soybean exposed to salt stress. Three salinity levels (3.24, 6.06 and 8.63 dS/m) in a factorial combination with six frequencies of BR application—control, seedling, flowering, podding, seedling + flowering and seedling + flowering + podding—were the treatments, and the rhizospheric ECse was monitored from 3 to 10 weeks after the commencement of irrigation with saline water (WAST). The principal component analysis revealed that samples in saline BR treatments clustered together based on the BR application frequencies. There was a significant increase in ECse with increases in salinity and WAST. The frequent application of BR significantly reduced ECse to 5.07 and 4.83 dS/m relative to the control with 6.91 dS/m, respectively, at week 10. At 8.63 dS/m, the application of BR (seedling + flowering + podding) reduced ECse by 31.96% compared with the control. The underlining mechanism is a subject for further investigation.
A Plasma-Based Decontamination Process Reveals Potential for an in-Process Surface-Sanitation Method
Authors: Weihe Thomas , Schnabel Uta , Andrasch Mathias , Stachowiak Jörg , Tübbecke Frank , Ehlbeck Jörg
Published: September 2022

Methods, which use an indirect plasma treatment for the inactivation of microorganisms in foods, claim a vastly growing field of research. This paper presents a method that uses plasma-processed air (PPA) as a sanitizer. In addition to a sanitation concept for the decontamination of produce in the value chain, the presented method offers a possible application as an “in-process” surface sanitation. PPA provides antimicrobial-potent species, which are predominantly reactive nitrogen species (RNS); this has an outstanding groove penetration property. In an experimental approach, surfaces, made from materials, which are frequently used for the construction of food-processing plants, were inoculated with different microorganisms. Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 15313), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC 10538), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 43971), and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (ATCC 13076) are all microorganisms that frequently appear in foods and possess the risk for cross-contamination from the plant to the produce or vice versa. The contaminated samples were treated for various treatment times (1–5 min) with PPA of different antimicrobial potencies. Subsequently, the microbial load on the specimens was determined and compared with the load of untreated samples. As a result, reduction factors (RF) up to several log10-steps were obtained. Although surface and the bacterial strain showed an influence on the RF, the major influence was seen by a prolongation of the treatment time and an increase in the potency of the PPA.
Production and Characterization of Biocomposite Films of Bacterial Cellulose from Kombucha and Coated with Chitosan
Authors: Márquez-Reyes Julia M. , Rodríguez-Quiroz Rubí E. , Hernández-Rodríguez Juan P. , Rodríguez-Romero Beatriz A. , Flores-Breceda Héctor , Napoles-Armenta Juan , Romero-Soto Itzel C. , Galindo-Rodríguez Sergio A. , Báez-González Juan G. , Treviño-Garza Mayra Z.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this research is to produce and characterize bacterial cellulose (BC) films coated with chitosan (BC-CH). BC films were produced in a fermentation medium based on Camellia sinensis tea and dextrose (12 days at 25 °C) and subsequently treated with coating-forming solutions (CFSs) based on chitosan (BC-CH 0.5%, BC-CH 1.0%, and BC-CH 1.5%). As a result, the FTIR spectra of BC and BC-CH 1.5% showed the main characteristic bands of cellulose and chitosan. In the physicochemical characterization of the films, it was found that the incorporation of the chitosan coatings did not affect the thickness; however, it decreased the luminosity (L*) and increased redness (a*), yellowness (b*), and opacity (75.24%). Additionally, the light absorption properties in the UV-Vis range were improved. Furthermore, the application of the CFSs increased: the solubility (64.91%), the antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (6.55 mm) and E. coli (8.25 mm), as well as the antioxidant activity (57.71% and 24.57% free radical scavenging activity), and the content of total phenols (2.45 mg GAE/g). Finally, our results suggest that the BC-CH films developed in the present study show a potential application as active packaging material for food.
Changes in Ion Concentrations upon the Binding of Short Polyelectrolytes on Phospholipid Bilayers: Computer Study Addressing Interesting Physiological Consequences
Authors: Blovský Tomáš , Šindelka Karel , Limpouchová Zuzana , Procházka Karel
Published: September 2022

This computer study was inspired by the experimental observation of Y. Qian et al. published in ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 2018 that the short positively charged β-peptide chains and their oligomeric analogues efficiently suppress severe medical problems caused by antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria despite them not penetrating the bacterial membrane. Our coarse-grained molecular dynamics (dissipative particle dynamics) simulations confirm the tentative explanation of the authors of the experimental study that the potent antimicrobial activity is a result of the entropically driven release of divalent ions (mainly magnesium ions essential for the proper biological function of bacteria) into bulk solution upon the electrostatic binding of β-peptides to the bacterial membrane. The study shows that in solutions containing cations Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, and anions Cl−, the divalent cations preferentially concentrate close to the membrane and neutralize the negative charge. Upon the addition of positively charged oligomer chains (models of β-peptides and their analogues), the oligomers electrostatically bind to the membrane replacing divalent ions, which are released into bulk solvent. Our simulations indicate that the entropy of small ions (which controls the behavior of synthetic polyelectrolyte solutions) plays an important role in this and also in other similar biologically important systems.
Effect of Fluorane Microcapsule Content on Properties of Thermochroic Waterborne Topcoat on Tilia europaea
Authors: Yang Zixin , Han Yan , Peng Wenwen , Wang Lin , Yan Xiaoxing
Published: September 2022

In a particular temperature range, 1, 2-benzo-6-diethylamino-fluorane microcapsules (fluorane microcapsules) exhibit a good color-changing function. For the coating on wood surfaces, embedding fluorane microcapsules, good weather resistance, light retention, color retention, impact resistance, and wear resistance are essential. However, the effect of fluorane microcapsule content on its properties has not been verified. Therefore, in this paper, the orthogonal test is designed with the fluorane microcapsule content, drying temperature, and drying time as test factors to identify the most influential factors. Then, by embedding microcapsules into the waterborne coating on wood substrates, the performance of the waterborne topcoat was investigated. The results show that the color of the waterborne topcoat with fluorane microcapsules on a basswood (Tilia europaea) surface can change between yellow and colorless when the temperature rises and falls, achieving reversible thermochromism. The activation temperature was 32 °C, and the range of discoloration temperature was 30–32 °C. The topcoat with a 15% fluorane microcapsule content had the best comprehensive performance. The color difference was 71.9 at 32 °C, the gloss was 3.9% at 60°, the adhesion grade was 0, the hardness was 2H, the impact resistance was 10 kg·cm, the elongation at the break was 15.56%, and liquid resistance was outstanding. After aging tests, the color difference of the topcoat with 15% fluorane microcapsules was more obvious. The damaged area of the topcoat with the addition of 15% fluorane microcapsules was smaller, indicating it had a better aging resistance. The experimental results lay the foundation for the preparation of intelligence-indicating and decorative waterborne coating.
Electrical Conductivity of Rubber Composites with Varying Crosslink Density under Cyclic Deformation
Authors: Peidayesh Hamed , Špitalský Zdenko , Chodák Ivan
Published: September 2022

Studies addressing electroconductive composites based on rubber have attracted great interest for many engineering applications. To contribute to obtaining useful materials with reproducible behavior, this study focused on understanding the mechanism of conductivity changes during mechanical deformation for rubber composites based on styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) or ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) vulcanized for various times. The composites were characterized by static electrical conductivity, tensile testing, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and crosslink density measurements. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus were found to increase significantly with rising vulcanization time. Higher static conductivity values of the composites were observed with the increase in vulcanization time. The most important aspect of this investigation consisted in the electrical current measurement online with recording the stress-strain curves, revealing the details of the uniaxial cyclic deformation effect on changes in the structure of conductive pathways indirectly. The electrical conductivity during five runs of repeated cyclic mechanical deformations for SBR composites increased permanently, although not linearly, whereas EPDM composites showed a slight increase or at least a nearly constant current, indicating healing of minor defects in the conductive pathways or the formation of new conductive pathways.
Water Immersion Aging of Epoxy Resin and Fique Fabric Composites: Dynamic–Mechanical and Morphological Analysis
Authors: Oliveira Michelle , da Luz Fernanda , Pereira Artur , Costa Ulisses , Bezerra Wendell , da Cunha Juliana , Lopera Henry , Monteiro Sergio
Published: September 2022

Fiber-reinforced composites are among the most investigated and industrially applied materials. Many studies on these composites using fibers, especially with natural fibers, were made in response to an urgent action for ambient preservation. A particularly relevant situation exists nowadays in the area of materials durability. In this respect, no studies on water-immersion-accelerated aging in fique fiber–epoxy composites are reported. This work aimed to fill this gap by investigating the epoxy matrix composites reinforced with 40 vol% fique fabric. The epoxy matrix and the composite, both unaged and aged, were characterized by weight variation, water absorption, morphology, colorimetry (CIELAB method), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic–mechanical analysis (DMA). The main results were that degradation by water presents appearance of complex microfibril structures, plasticization of epoxy resin, and debonding of the fique fiber/epoxy matrix. The most intense color change was obtained for the water-immersion-aged epoxy by 1440 h. Cole–Cole diagrams revealed the heterogeneity of the materials studied.
Optimization of the Sustainable Production of Resistant Starch in Rice Bran and Evaluation of Its Physicochemical and Technological Properties
Authors: Vaitkeviciene Ruta , Bendoraitiene Joana , Degutyte Rimgaile , Svazas Mantas , Zadeike Daiva
Published: September 2022

In this study, the optimization of ultrasound (US) (850 kHz, 120 W) processing parameters (temperature, time, and power) for the enhanced production of resistant starch (RS) in rice bran (RB) matrixes was performed. The effect of US cavitation at different temperatures on the morphology, physicochemical properties, and mechanical performance of RS was evaluated. Ultrasonication at 40–70 °C temperatures affected the chemical structure, reduced the crystallinity of RS from 23.85% to between 18.37 and 4.43%, and increased the mechanical and thermal stability of RS pastes, indicating a higher tendency to retrograde. US treatment significantly (p < 0.05) improved the oil (OAC) and water (WAC) absorption capacities, swelling power (SP), solubility (WS), and reduced the least-gelation concentration (LGC). The mathematical evaluation of the data indicated a significant effect (p < 0.05) of the US parameters on the production of RS. The largest increment of RS (13.46 g/100 g dw) was achieved with US cavitation at 1.8 W/cm2 power, 40.2 °C temperature, and 18 min of processing time. The developed method and technology bring low-temperature US processing of rice milling waste to create a new sustainable food system based on modified rice bran biopolymers.
Research Progresses in Microstructure Designs of Flexible Pressure Sensors
Authors: Huang Hao , Zhong Jinyao , Ye Yongliang , Wu Renxu , Luo Bin , Ning Honglong , Qiu Tian , Luo Dongxiang , Yao Rihui , Peng Junbiao
Published: September 2022

Flexible electronic technology is one of the research hotspots, and numerous wearable devices have been widely used in our daily life. As an important part of wearable devices, flexible sensors can effectively detect various stimuli related to specific environments or biological species, having a very bright development prospect. Therefore, there has been lots of studies devoted to developing high-performance flexible pressure sensors. In addition to developing a variety of materials with excellent performances, the microstructure designs of materials can also effectively improve the performances of sensors, which has brought new ideas to scientists and attracted their attention increasingly. This paper will summarize the flexible pressure sensors based on material microstructure designs in recent years. The paper will mainly discuss the processing methods and characteristics of various sensors with different microstructures, and compare the advantages, disadvantages, and application scenarios of them. At the same time, the main application fields of flexible pressure sensors based on microstructure designs will be listed, and their future development and challenges will be discussed.
Global Review and Analysis of the Presence of Microplastics in Fish
Authors:   School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia, KIBRIA GOLAM
Published: September 2022

This review provides an account of fish species contaminated with microplastics (MPs) across the globe (seven continents). A total of 887 fish species were found contaminated with MPs based on MPs in the gastrointestinal tract/GI. The most MPs contaminated-fish species found were marine and demersal species. Globally 45 % of fish ingested MPs with an average concentration of 5.93 MPs particles per fish species. Among all the countries, China had the highest number of fish species contaminated with MPs in the followingorders: China (176 species), Brazil (84), the USA (48), India (35), the Atlantic Ocean (31), Iran (30), Bangladesh (28), Turkey (26), Indonesia (25), the UK (23), Saudi Arabia (23), Thailand (21), Portugal (20), Australia (20), Italy (18), South Africa (18), Argentina (15), Chile (14), Galapagos Islands (Ecuador) (14), the North Pacific Gyre (14), Samoa (13), Malaysia (12), Colombia (11), New Zealand (11), Fiji (10), Spain (10), the North Sea (09), South Korea (09), Tahiti (09), Vanuatu (09), Ghana (08), Canada (07), Japan (07) and Nigeria (07) and others. MPs ingestion in fishes varied (high, medium, and low) among the locations/countries. In several locations/countries, MPs ingestion/contamination occurred in up to 100 % of fish samples. Because of MPs contamination, seafood fisheries, and the livelihoods of people associated with fishing, aquaculture, and seafood business, can be threatened. It may also increase health risks to seafood fish consumers since there is a probability that high risks pollutants adsorbed in MPs can be transferred to humans via the food chain.
Application of Plant Fertilizer Serum Using Natural Ingredients
Authors:   Departemen Teknik Arsitektur, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia, Putra Erlangga Dwi , Baehaki Rafli Fadhilah , Ramdhani Muhammad Rizki
Published: September 2022

In this pandemic period, many people are starting to look for new activities, one of which is planting ornamental plants or other plants. Apart from being an aesthetic building, plants are also able to produce oxygen for the environment around the house. The purpose of this research is to educate every new or existing community. has been involved in growing plants for a long time. The method used is qualitative. The application is done by mixing natural ingredients and then extracting them and giving them to plants by watering or spraying them so that they grow quickly. The results that will appear on plants will grow faster than plants that do not. using serum. The results of this serum will increase plant growth 75% faster than plants that do not use this serum. And the benefits of having a serum can increase plant growth faster than usual and the use of this serum will be safe for plants because it uses natural ingredients and hobbyists or cultivators will quickly get results from these plants.