The Effect of Succinic Acid on Changes in the Mitochondrial Apparatus of Skeletal Muscle Cells in the Simulation of Physical Loads in the Experiment
Authors:   AS Makarenko Sumy State Pedagogical University. 87, Romenskaya St., Sumy 40002, Ukraine, Voitenko V. L. , Gunina L. M. ,   National university of physical training and sport of Ukraine. Olympic Institute. 1, Fizkultury St., Kyiv 02000, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

Today, a search in the experiment and practice of sports training of pharmacological agents, which at various levels of organization of the living organism, including both muscle tissue and muscle cells, were able to mitigate the negative consequences ofsuper-intense long-term physical loads, does not have to stop. One such universal means is succinic acid, which is a natural metabolite of the Krebs cycle, and, therefore, directly related to the mechanisms of energy generation in the body. Since this process in cells, and muscle tissue cells is no exception, it takes place in mitochondria. The definition of the structural-functional rearrangements of the mitochondrium of myocytes during physical loads is very interesting especially when succinic acid is used as an organoprotector. Material and methods. Physical load was simulated for three weeks in rats by swimming with an additional load. 10 intact animals served as control, and the remaining 20 were equally divided into two study groups, the first was with physical load and the second group had the same load application of succinic acid in a daily dosage of 2.5 mg per animal weighing 220-250 g, based on the corresponding extrapolation of dosages to an adult human. Research on experimental animals was carried out in compliance with all norms of bioethics. Electron microscopic studies were carried out on the material of the tissue gastrocnemius’ muscle. Results and discussion. The results of the studies showed that hypoxia of the subcompensated load was found in the cells of this tissue, as well as activation of mitochondrial morphogenesis by 58.3% and 69.0% in both the subsarcoleal and the intraamyofibrillic subpopulations, respectively. In the experiment we established an increase in the number of membrane structures and an increase in the average diameter of mitochondria, leading to an increase in the energy capacity of the mitochondrium. These phenomena can be attributed to compensatory-adaptive changes under the influence of physical load. The application of succinic acid activates these processes to an even greater extent, i.e. the application of this pharmacological agent has a powerful protective effect on the optimization of energy metabolism of muscle tissue under physical loads. Thus, it showed that succinic acid contributed to the reduction of the structural signs of endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing, in accordance to its known properties, optimization of energy metabolism and preservation of the integrity of mitochondria with levelling of the structural manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction. This, in turn, leads to the optimization of macroergs products and hence increases in physical performance. Conclusion. The stated facts at a new level of development of science prove the expediency and effectiveness of using succinic acid and pharmacological agents based on it in order to improve the functional state of the body of athletes and their motor qualities