bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recombinant High‐Mobility Group Box 1 (rHMGB1) Promotes NRF2‐Independent Mitochondrial Fusion through CXCR4/PSMB5‐Mediated Drp1 Degradation in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zhang Shunrong , Feng Fei , Dai Jingting , Li Jia , Bu Xiangye , Xie Xiaojie
Published: August 2021

Mitochondrial dynamics plays an important role in maintaining normal endothelial cell function and in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. It is not identified whether high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a representative damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, could influence mitochondrial dynamics in endothelial cells. The objective of this study is to clarify the effect of HMGB1 on mitochondrial dynamics in endothelial cells and the underlying mechanism. EA.hy926 human endothelial cells were incubated with recombinant HMGB1 (rHMGB1); mitochondrial morphology was observed with a confocal microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The expression of dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1), Mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), Optic atrophy 1 (Opa1), phosphatase and tensin homolog‐ (PTEN‐) induced kinase 1 (PINK1), NOD‐like receptor 3 (NLRP3), caspase 1, cleaved caspase 1, 20S proteasome subunit beta 5 (PSMB5), and antioxidative master nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) and the concentration of interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) were determined. Specific inhibitors C29, TAK‐242, FPS‐ZM1, AMD3100, and epoxomicin were used to block toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2), toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), C‐X‐C‐chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), and PSMB5, respectively. siRNAs were used to silence the expression of NRF2. rHMGB1 promoted mitochondrial fusion in endothelial cells, while no significant proinflammatory effects were found. The expression of mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 and phosphorylated subtypes p‐Drp1‐S616 and p‐Drp1‐S637 were all downregulated; no significant expression changes of PINK1 and Mfn1, Mfn2, and Opa1 were found. Inhibition of CXCR4 but not TLR4, RAGE, or TLR2 reversed rHMGB1‐induced Drp1 downregulation and mitochondrial fusion. Interestingly, inhibition of TLR4 with TAK‐242 promoted Drp1 downregulation and mitochondrial fusion. rHMGB1 increased the expression of NRF2 and PSMB5; inhibition of PSMB5 but not silencing NRF2 abolished rHMGB1‐induced Drp1 downregulation and mitochondrial fusion. These results indicate that rHMGB1 promotes NRF2 independent mitochondrial fusion via CXCR4/PSMB5 pathway‐mediated Drp1 proteolysis. rHMGB1 may influence mitochondrial and endothelial function through this effect on mitochondrial dynamics.
Combining an Alarmin HMGN1 Peptide with PD-L1 Blockade Results in Robust Antitumor Effects with a Concomitant Increase of Stem-Like/Progenitor Exhausted CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Chen Chang-Yu , Ueha Satoshi , Ishiwata Yoshiro , Shichino Shigeyuki , Yokochi Shoji , Yang De , Oppenheim Joost J. , Ogiwara Haru , Deshimaru Shungo , Kanno Yuzuka , Aoki Hiroyasu , Ogawa Tatsuro , Shibayama Shiro , Matsushima Kouji
Published: August 2021

The expansion of intratumoral stem-like/progenitor exhausted CD8+ T (Tstem/Tpex) cells provides a potential approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Thus, here we demonstrate a strategy to facilitate Tstem/Tpex cell expansion by combining an alarmin high-mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1 (HMGN1) peptide with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade. The antitumor effects of HMGN1, anti–PD-L1, and their combined treatment were monitored in the B16F10, LLC, Colon26, or EO771 tumor–bearing mice. The comprehensive immunologic analyses, such as high-dimensional flow cytometry, transcriptome analysis, and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), were used to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of antitumor immune responses after treatments. We identified the immunostimulatory domain (EPKRR SARLS AKPPA KVEAK PKK) on HMGN1 and synthesized this domain as a therapeutic peptide (minP1). Combined treatment with minP1 and PD-L1 blockade induced durable tumor regression in tumor-bearing mice. minP1 increased the number of intratumoral mature DCs enriched in immunoregulatory molecules (mregDC) and enhanced their MHC class I antigen–presenting program. minP1 also synergized with PD-L1 blockade in augmenting intratumoral Tstem/Tpex cell number. Analysis of our scRNA-seq dataset by CellPhonDB suggested potential interactions between mregDCs and Tstem/Tpex cells in tumors. Our results indicate that HMGN1 peptide (minP1) serves as an immunoadjuvant to promote effective anti–PD-L1 immunotherapy with increased Tstem/Tpex cells in tumors.
Hospital Accreditation: A Review of Evidence, Regulatory Compliance, and Healthcare Outcome Measures
Authors: Al-Alawy Khamis , Moonesar Immanuel Azaad , Mubarak Obaid Hanan Ali , Al-Abed Bawadi Ehab Ismail , Gaafar Reem
Published: August 2021

Background: Hospitals are increasingly under pressure to provide safe and high-quality care at an affordable cost. In response to this challenge, many have adopted accreditation as an internationally recognized tool to facilitate improvements in healthcare quality and patient safety. The objectives of the study were to (a) evaluate the impact of international hospital accreditation in Dubai and (b) inform policy decision-making. Methods: We adopted a literature review, analysis of violation data, and clinical performance measures. Results: The literature review suggests insufficient evidence to link accreditation to healthcare outcomes. We report a gradual increase in hospital violations and an improvement of clinical outcomes over three years, however the improvement in clinical outcome measures were not statistically significant. Conclusions: There is limited evidence to determine the impact of international hospital accreditation. Performance measures for accreditation are needed to validate the contribution accreditation may have on reducing non-compliance and improving clinical performance measures. Further research is needed to explore how well accreditation models fit within the Donabedian framework for healthcare quality.
Targeting Ferroptosis Attenuates Interstitial Inflammation and Kidney Fibrosis
Authors: Zhou Lu , Xue Xian , Hou Qing , Dai Chunsun
Published: August 2021

Background: Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated necrosis mediated by lipid peroxidation, predominantly polyunsaturated fatty acids, is involved in postischemic and toxic kidney injury. However, the role and mechanisms for tubular epithelial cell (TEC) ferroptosis in kidney fibrosis remain largely unknown. Objectives: The aim of the study was to decipher the role and mechanisms for TEC ferroptosis in kidney fibrosis. Methods: Mouse models with unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) or ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) were generated. Results: We found that TEC ferroptosis exhibited as reduced glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression and increased 4-hydroxynonenal abundance was appeared in kidneys from chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and mouse models with UUO or IRI. Inhibition of ferroptosis could largely mitigate kidney injury, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammatory cell accumulation in mice after UUO or IRI. Additionally, treatment of TECs with (1S,3R)-RSL-3, an inhibitor of GPX4, could enhance cell ferroptosis and recruit macrophages. Furthermore, inhibiting TEC ferroptosis reduced monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) secretion and macrophage chemotaxis. Conclusions: This study uncovers that TEC ferroptosis may promote interstitial fibrosis and inflammation, and targeting ferroptosis may shine a light on protecting against kidney fibrosis in patients with CKDs.
Construindo arranjos com tríades ao piano durante a pandemia: relato de interação musical informal via aplicativo de mensagens instantâneas a partir de uma perspectiva neurocientífica
Authors: Alves Marcelo
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho é um estudo de caso, embasado na neurociência, a respeito de um processo de orientação musical remoto com uma estudante iniciante autodidata de piano na cidade de Recife (PE), utilizando um aplicativo de mensagens instantâneas (Whatsapp) durante a pandemia do CODIV-19, no qual foram propostas atividades de arranjo. O objetivo foi investigar as modificações que o processo produziu no fazer musical da estudante. Os dados foram recolhidos a partir dos dados retirados do histórico do aplicativo (texto e arquivos de mídia). Os resultados alcançados demonstram que o processo foi positivo para desenvolvimento da estudante. O uso do Whatsapp como meio de comunicação e do arranjo como ferramenta pedagógica permitiram comportamentos relevantes nos campos da autonomia, motivação e metacognição.
A retórica da pronunciação na performance instrumental: modelos suplementares para a articulação musical
Authors: Teixeira William
Published: August 2021

Este artigo discute sobre modelos de agrupamento melódico, compreendendo a implicação de cada um deles para a performance musical e partindo da própria performance como uma produtora de questões e conclusões para essa reflexão. Isso porque a necessidade de se conectar sons no discurso musical e, portanto, de separá-los, é uma inevitável consequência, por um lado, da limitação dos meios instrumentais e vocais e, por outro, da própria disposição da música no tempo. Para tanto, serão analisadas peças curtas dos compositores György Kurtág (Az hit..., 1963/2007), B. A. Zimmermann (4 Pequenos estudos, 1970) e Silvio Ferraz (Partita-passagem, 2019), de maneira a apresentar uma visão ampla e, ainda assim, objetiva de novas demandas de agrupamento temporal.
An Analysis of the 4th Movement of György Ligeti’s Musica Ricercata based on Information Theory and Number Partitioning
Authors: Maia Jr. Adolfo , Maia Igor Leão
Published: August 2021

In this paper we present a mathematically oriented analysis of the 4th Movement of György Ligeti’s Musica Ricercata (MR). The pitch analysis is based on Theory of Information and rhythm is analyzed through the Theory of Partitions of integer numbers. After a brief historical review of Musica Ricercata and its structure we make an analysis of the pitch distribution along the whole MR4 score, as well the Left and Right hand separately, through Theory of Information. We calculate two Information measures, namely, the Shannon’s Entropy and the Kullback-Leibler Divergence for the three cases. In the second part, about rhythm, we introduce a simple notation for coding rhythm patterns in terms of partitions of an integer number. We show that, with few exceptions, Ligeti used the partitions of number 6 to get rhythm variations on the Right hand against the ostinato on the Left one. In addition, we show the usefulness of the so called Hasse Diagram as a pre-compositional device to generate rhythm patterns.
Roles of the North Indian Ocean SST and Tropical North Atlantic SST in the Latitudinal Extension of the Anomalous Western North Pacific Anticyclone during the El Niño Decaying Summer
Authors: Feng Juan , Chen Wen
Published: August 2021

The El Niño–related anomalous western North Pacific anticyclone (WNPAC) shows different latitudinal extensions during the El Niño decaying summer, which determines the moisture transport to different regions and leads to distinct climate impacts over East Asia. It is known that both the north Indian Ocean (NIO) sea surface temperature (SST) and the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) SST can generate a WNPAC in summer. However, the difference between the NIO SST-forced WNPAC and the TNA SST-forced WNPAC has hardly been noted before now. This study shows that the NIO SST warming makes the WNPAC contract southward, whereas the TNA SST warming makes the WNPAC extend northward. The NIO SST warming generates the WNPAC via a Kelvin wave response. Owing to the limited domain of Kelvin wave activity, the Kelvin wave–induced suppressed convection over the western Pacific is confined south of 20°N, resulting in the WNPAC being concentrated in the low latitudes. In contrast, the TNA SST warming generates the WNPAC via a Rossby wave–induced divergence/convergence chain response over the Pacific. The Rossby wave–induced suppressed convection over the central-eastern Pacific north of the equator leads to enhanced convection on its southwest side, which further generates the low-level anomalous divergent winds over the western North Pacific and suppresses convection there. In this process, the suppressed convection over the western North Pacific is pushed more northward, thus producing a WNPAC extending northward. Further study finds that there are good precursors for predicting the WNPAC latitudinal extension based on the El Niño spatial pattern and the NIO/TNA SST intensity in the previous winter and spring.
Characteristics of people on community treatment orders in Australia: Data from the 2010 National Survey of High Impact Psychosis
Authors: Suetani Shuichi , Kisely Steve , Parker Stephen , Waterreus Anna , Morgan Vera A , Siskind Dan
Published: August 2021

Objective:

Existing evidence on factors associated with community treatment order placement is largely restricted to administrative data. We utilised the data from a large nationally representative sample to compare the demographic, clinical, social functioning, substance use and service utilisation profiles of people living with psychosis under community treatment orders with those who were not.

Methods:

Participants were grouped based on whether they had been subject to a community treatment order in the past 12 months or not. We conducted logistic regressions to examine demographic, clinical, social functioning, substance use and service utilisation profiles associated with the two groups.

Results:

People who had recently been subject to community treatment orders were more likely to be treated with long-acting injectable antipsychotics and lacked insight but were less likely to report suicidal ideation. They also had higher psychiatric inpatient admission rates but a lower frequency of general practitioner visits.

Conclusion:

People on community treatment orders in Australia may differ from those who are not under a community treatment order in their treatment needs. Resources and care provision must match the needs of this particularly vulnerable group.
Provider and Practice Characteristics and Perceived Barriers Associated With Different Levels of Adolescent SBIRT Implementation Among a National Sample of US Pediatricians
Authors: Hammond Christopher J. , Parhami Iman , Young Andrea S. , Matson Pamela A. , Alinsky Rachel H. , Adger Hoover , Levy Sharon , Horner Michelle
Published: August 2021

Pediatrician Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) practices vary widely, though little is known about the correlates of SBIRT implementation. Using data from a national sample of US pediatricians who treat adolescents (n = 250), we characterized self-reported utilization rates of SBIRT among US pediatricians and identified provider- and practice-level characteristics and barriers associated with SBIRT utilization. All participants completed an electronic survey querying the demographics, practice patterns, and perceived barriers related to SBIRT practices. Our results showed that 88% of respondents reported screening for substance use annually, but only 26% used structured/validated screening instruments. Furthermore, 40% of respondents provided evidence-based brief interventions, and only 11% implemented all core SBIRT practices. Common barriers (eg, confidentiality and insufficient time) and unique provider- and setting-specific barriers to implementation were identified. These findings indicate that although most pediatricians deliver some SBIRT components in their practice, few implement the full SBIRT model, and barriers persist.
Exercise-Related Effects on Executive Functions During a Simulated Underwater Extravehicular Activity
Authors: Möller Fabian , Hoffmann Uwe , Vogt Tobias , Steinberg Fabian
Published: August 2021

Objective

Investigation of cognitive performance during extravehicular activities (EVAs) in a space-analog setting.

Background

EVAs performed by humans in microgravity on the International Space Station (ISS) call for high cognitive performance during upper-body workload. Higher cardiovascular demands interact with cognitive performance, but no knowledge exists about EVA’s special requirements. This study simulates EVA-training underwater to investigate its effects on the executive functions inhibition and switching.

Method

In a counterbalanced crossover design, 16 divers (age: 28 ± 2.4 years; eight females) performed two conditions (i.e., EVA vs. Inactivity [INACT]) in 3–5 m submersion (diving gear; not in a space-suit). EVA included 30 min of moderate-, followed by 30 min of high-intensity upper-body exercise intervals, paired with EVA-specific cognitive-motor tasks. INACT included no exercise in submersion and neutral buoyancy. Both conditions included cognitive testing at pre, mid (after the first 30 min), and post (after the second 30 min) on a tablet computer. Reaction times (RTs) and response accuracy (ACC) were calculated for both tasks.

Results

ACC was significantly lower during EVA compared with INACT for inhibition (post: p = .009) and switching (mid: p = .019) at post ( p = .005). RTs for inhibition were significantly faster during EVA ( p = .022; ηp2 = 0.320).

Conclusion

Specific physical exercise, intensity, duration, and tasks performed during the EVA might differently affect the exercise-cognition interaction and need further investigation, especially for future long-term space travel.

Application

Future research might serve to improve mission success and safety for EVAs and long-term space travel.
The Impact of Transparency and Decision Risk on Human–Automation Teaming Outcomes
Authors: Loft Shayne , Bhaskara Adella , Lock Brittany A. , Skinner Michael , Brooks James , Li Ryan , Bell Jason
Published: August 2021

Objective

Examine the effects of decision risk and automation transparency on the accuracy and timeliness of operator decisions, automation verification rates, and subjective workload.

Background

Decision aids typically benefit performance, but can provide incorrect advice due to contextual factors, creating the potential for automation disuse or misuse. Decision aids can reduce an operator’s manual problem evaluation, and it can also be strategic for operators to minimize verifying automated advice in order to manage workload.

Method

Participants assigned the optimal unmanned vehicle to complete missions. A decision aid provided advice but was not always reliable. Two levels of decision aid transparency were manipulated between participants. The risk associated with each decision was manipulated using a financial incentive scheme. Participants could use a calculator to verify automated advice; however, this resulted in a financial penalty.

Results

For high- compared with low-risk decisions, participants were more likely to reject incorrect automated advice and were more likely to verify automation and reported higher workload. Increased transparency did not lead to more accurate decisions and did not impact workload but decreased automation verification and eliminated the increased decision time associated with high decision risk.

Conclusion

Increased automation transparency was beneficial in that it decreased automation verification and decreased decision time. The increased workload and automation verification for high-risk missions is not necessarily problematic given the improved automation correct rejection rate.

Application

The findings have potential application to the design of interfaces to improve human–automation teaming, and for anticipating the impact of decision risk on operator behavior.
Examining the FDI–Growth Nexus in BRICS: Panel Data Evidence
Authors: Joo Bashir Ahmad , Shawl Sana
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) economies, which are considered to be the fastest-growing economies and dominant players in the global investment landscape. In order to assess the relationship between the dependent variable (economic growth) and explanatory variables (FDI inflows and other growth determinants), we analyse a 32-year panel data starting from 1987 to 2018 using feasible generalised least squares (FGLS) method. The article found a significant positive FDI impact on economic growth in BRICS. However, exports, human capital and inflation (macroeconomic instability) exert a negative impact on economic growth of BRICS, whereas domestic investments exert a positive impact on growth.

JEL Codes: F21, F43, C23, O47
Financial indebtedness and suicide: A 1-year follow-up study of a population registered at the Swedish Enforcement Authority
Authors: Rojas Yerko
Published: August 2021

Background:

Economic hardship is an established suicidogenic factor. However, very little is known about whether financial difficulties in terms of debt problems, specifically, is related to suicide. This would seem to be an important research gap, not least at a time when the repercussions of the global financial crisis are still being felt by many people.

Aims:

This study sets out to examine whether experiencing financial indebtedness is related to suicide.

Methods:

For this purpose, people aged between 18 and 64 with a registration date for a debt in the Swedish Enforcement Authority register between 2015 and 2017 ( n = 180,842) are followed up for a 1-year period for death by suicide and compared with a sample from the general Swedish population ( n = 928,265). The analysis is based on penalized maximum likelihood logistic regressions.

Results:

Those who had experienced financial indebtedness were two and a half times more likely to commit suicide than those who had not lived through this experience (OR = 2.50), controlling for several demographic, socio-economic, and mental health conditions prior to the date of the registration at the Enforcement Authority.

Conclusion:

Debt repayment problems have a significant and detrimental impact on individuals’ risk of committing suicide, even when several other socioeconomic risk factors are controlled for. The results reinforce the importance of ongoing attempts to remove the issue of debt problem from its status as a rather hidden suicidogenic risk factor.
Using mobile apps in social work behavioral health care service: The case for China
Authors: Chow Julian Chun-Chung , Elizabeth Pathak Laura , Yeh Shang Tzu (Trish)
Published: August 2021

Mobile apps have increasingly become an innovative tool that can provide information and resources to those who have service needs but often lack access to and knowledge about how to improve their well-being in today’s society. In China, although the number of Internet users has increased substantively, there has been little discussion on how mobile apps can help social workers in their delivery of behavioral health services. This article features three highly used apps that facilitate behavioral health care service delivery in the United States and provides recommendations for developing apps for social work practice in China.
Causal Attribution and Emotion Expression of Suffering Among Southeast Asian Indigenous Peoples: A Systematic Review Study
Authors: Thong Justine Jian Ai , Ting Rachel Sing Kiat , Teoh Siew Li
Published: August 2021

Indigenous people, particularly minorities in Southeast Asia (SEA), often face hardships due to colonization, displacement, and deforestation. However, studies on their subjective suffering experiences are sparse. Therefore, the present study aimed to conduct a systemic review of literature concerning SEA indigenous people’s cognition and emotion in suffering events. A rigorous literature search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted on the following databases–Scopus, EbscoHost, Ovid (PsychArticles and PsycInfo), Proquest. Embase, Ovid Medline, and Google Scholar using keyword categories for “SEA,” “cognition” or “emotion,” and “suffering events.” The initial search resulted in 6,383 articles, but only 11 empirical studies (containing qualitative or quantitative original data) were included after careful screening. Next, a thematic synthesis method was used to summarize the findings. Two themes of causal attribution of suffering were identified—supernatural reasons and negative impact of interactions with outsiders. Four themes of emotional expression of suffering were identified—physical actions and gestures, communal practices, somatic symptoms, and behavior adaptations. Our findings correspond with the ecological rationality theory, where indigenous people still function as strong-ties societies that capitalize on external-oriented mental strategies and cognitive styles. The identification of unique forms of cognition and modes of emotional expression holds implications toward building an equitable humanistic psychology.
The Development of Forgiveness and Other-Focused Love
Authors: Wang Xu Jiahe , Kim Jichan J. , Olmstead Naomi , Enright Robert D.
Published: August 2021

This article explores the development of forgiveness and other-focused love and examines the role of spirituality in the relationship between forgiveness and love: (a) Do forgiveness and love develop together? (b) Does love or forgiveness predict the other at a later time? (c) Does one’s spirituality moderate the relationship between forgiveness and love? A total of 47 participants from a large Christian university in Central Virginia filled out measures of compassionate love, forgiveness, and dedication to God at Time 1 (T1) and measures of love and forgiveness after 4 weeks at Time 2 (T2). Findings showed that those who gained the most in forgiveness began low in both forgiveness and love. While love at T1 did not predict forgiveness at T1 or T2, forgiveness at T1 positively predicted love at T2 ( r = .36, p < .05), indicating that forgiveness temporally preceded love. However, the relationship between the two no longer existed after controlling for love at T1. The participants’ dedication to God at T1 did not moderate the relationship between forgiveness and love but further explained love at T2. It may be worthwhile to examine the effect of forgiveness interventions on increasing other-focused love.
A Cephalometric Evaluation and Comparison of Skeletal, Dentoalveolar, and Soft Tissue Changes Brought about by the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device and PowerScope Fixed Functional Appliance
Authors: Kaur Gabbie Jasmine , Gandhi Geetanjali , Khanna Mannu , Loomba Anju , Sharma Atul
Published: August 2021

Background:

Though studies have been conducted on the PowerScope, not many researches are available in the literature which compare its effects with other fixed functional appliances. Therefore, the aim of our study was cephalometric evaluation and comparison of the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue changes brought about by the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device and PowerScope appliance.

Materials and Methods:

Pre and Posttreatment cephalometric records of 20 patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion treated with fixed functional appliances (Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device and PowerScope) were compared. Values of various cephalometric parameters were used to evaluate the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes. Wilcoxon signed-rank test (intragroup comparison) and Mann–Whitney U test (intergroup) were used to see significant differences in the parameters ( P ≤ .05).

Results:

Both the appliances were successful in correcting the Class II discrepancy. Skeletal changes were seen significantly in both the groups, though they were more in the Forsus patients. Dentoalveolar changes were predominantly seen in PowerScope patients. Also, an improvement in soft tissue profile was seen in both the groups.

Conclusion:

From our study, we concluded that the PowerScope and the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device are equally good options for the correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion due to a retrognathic mandible, as they achieve changes in all the three aspects: skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue.
Steering the Mandible in the Right Direction : Forsus Case Series
Authors: Gohil Prachi , Mahadevi Sonali , Trivedi Bhavya , Assudani Neha , Patel Arth , Shah Mauli
Published: August 2021

We are in the process of discovery of new vistas for technological advances in terms of various appliances with a vision of making orthodontic treatment compliance free as well as successful. Due to improved technology, the enigma of treating the Class II syndrome is palliated. “Out of the box” thinking has become a norm to treat certain situations that were not corrected in noncompliant patients. Fixed functional appliances are valuable tools introduced to assist the correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrognathia at the deceleration stage of growth for achieving stable results. In this direction a case series is reported of patients having the above conditions and undergoing orthodontic treatment using a Forsus FFA. Joining hands with technology is a win-win situation for both the patient and the orthodontist.
Assessment of Contributing Factors for Discontinuation of Orthodontic Treatment: A Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Bhatt Zarana Sanjay , Sinha Surina , Patel Dolly
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

The success of orthodontic therapy depends upon the knowledge and clinical skills of the orthodontist as well as awareness and sincerity of the patient. Due to long treatment duration, commitment and good rapport between both sides is essential. This retrospective study was undertaken to understand the factors affecting the reasons for discontinuation after commencement of treatment in a Government run hospital.

Materials and method:

A telephonic questionnaire survey was conducted on 153 patients who had discontinued treatment midway and their responses were analysed. The subjects were divided into 3 groups depending upon their school going years. The major focus areas were -1. Reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment 2. Reasons for pursuing treatment in this hospital and 3. Reasons for discontinuation of orthodontic treatment.

Results and conclusions:

Long waiting period before starting the treatment, failure to give subsequent appointments by the doctor, and having to leave the city were found to be the three most common causes for discontinuation. To reduce the attrition rate a three step strategy was devised to ensure an improved orthodontic outcome for the patients and to see more smiling faces bid adieu each year.
Will telemedicine survive after COVID-19?
Authors: Brunet Fabrice , Malas Kathy , Desrosiers Marie-Eve
Published: August 2021

During the last 20 years, telemedicine has evolved in Quebec despite several barriers. We studied how a university health centre in Montreal implemented a strategy to enhance the use of telemedicine with the deployment of appropriate infrastructures, continuous training, and the use of advanced technologies, before and during the pandemic. COVID-19 accelerated the use of telemedicine by overcoming some pre-existing barriers. However, telemedicine was mainly limited to a distance consultation during the pandemic using telephone calls or videoconference. The future of telemedicine depends on lifting these obstacles. We need to better define telemedicine and in-person medicine to guarantee the quality of medical and professional acts. We propose some strategies to achieve these goals, combining cultural change, continuous training, new technologies to improve quality of care, and a vision of healthcare with telemedicine oriented on value creation.
Optimum performance evaluation during machining of Al6061/cenosphere AMCs using TOPSIS and VIKOR based multi-criteria approach
Authors: Dey Abhijit , Shrivastav Mrinal , Kumar Pawan
Published: August 2021

Selection of optimal processing condition is an issue associate with multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) which can be influenced by several conflicting processing variables. The present study have been devoted to the implementation of TOPSIS algorithm in coordination with the VIKOR technique to yield an optimistic processing criteria while machining of metal matrix composites under electro-discharge machining process. A decision-making module has been developed for selection of optimum processing conditions under specified machining conditions. An experimental investigation was performed based on Taguchi’s orthogonal array on the newly prepared AA6061-cenosphere MMCs to analyze the sensitivity of EDM attributes to the process parameters such as peak current, pulse on time, the percentage of reinforcement, and flushing pressure. The weighing factors for the criteria were determined using AHP method. The results concluded that both the applied MCDM approaches, TOPSIS and VIKOR accrue the similar possible optimal solution having optimal value of pulse current 10 A, pulse on time 1010 µs, percentage of reinforcement as 2% and flushing pressure as 0.6 MPa.
State estimation of tire-road friction and suspension system coupling dynamic in braking process and change detection of road adhesive ability
Authors: Xin Wang , Liang Gu , Mingming Dong , Xiaolei Li
Published: August 2021

During vehicle braking, when vehicles move on the road with unknown road roughness elevation and unknown tire/road friction coefficient, fewer sensors shall be used for vehicle braking closed-loop control and braking distance prediction to obtain the dynamic states of the vehicle suspension and tire systems. In this paper, a vehicle dynamic model is established in Carsim software. Modify lump LuGre friction model and road roughness elevation model of four tires are proposed based on matlab. When vehicles brake on the road with time-varying split-μ, a braking control algorithm established in this paper. The road roughness elevation and the braking force of each tire are supplied to the vehicle dynamic model in Carsim. A state estimate algorithm of suspension system is proposed. The scheme for minimum sensor of this estimator is determined. A state estimate algorithm of the tire/road friction using only tire angular velocity information is proposed. When vehicles brake on the road with different levels of roughness, the influence of the number of installation groups of the sensors, the tire vertical stiffness deviations, and the measurement noise on the estimation error of the estimator is analyzed. When the vehicle is driving on the road with unknown adhesive ability, based on the estimator of tire/road friction using only tire angular velocity information, the tire/road friction internal state, the changes of road adhesive ability, and the vehicle velocity are estimated well.
Anti-sociologisme, Zionism, and Islamophobia in Philippe Val’s Charlie Hebdo
Authors: Neffati Imen
Published: August 2021

In this article, I examine Charlie Hebdo, under the editorship of Philippe Val from 1994 to 2005, and how it reported on themes related to Islam and Muslims, both in France and abroad, particularly in relation to the satanic breasts controversy and the Hebron massacre in 1994, the Kosovo war, 9/11, and the 2005 banlieues riots in France. I argue that despite the plurality of voices within the magazine, Val succeeded through his editorial line to establish and promote a link between antisemitism and Muslims and produce a narrative that harbours Islamophobia. By conflating Arabs and Muslims, pro-Palestinianism and postcolonialism, and by arguing that anti-Semitism is inherent in Islam, Val sowed the first seeds of Islamophobia in Charlie Hebdo’s editorial line as early as 1994. This reached its culmination first in 9/11 then in the Mohamed caricatures, and has consistently and irreversibly continued to shape the magazine’s ethos.
Islamophobia, racialisation and the ‘Muslim problem’ in France
Authors: Dawes Simon
Published: August 2021

This article introduces the special issue on ‘Islamophobia, Racialisation and the “Muslim Problem” in France’. Islamophobia is here understood as (anti-Muslim) racism, with structural and historical dimensions beyond those of individual acts of discrimination or prejudice, and whereby those perceived to be Muslim are systematically racialised as if they are ‘a race’ and as a ‘problem’ to be debated (primarily by the White non-Muslim majority). The issue brings together researchers from France and beyond, in French and in English, and from several disciplines, to demonstrate the diversity of international academic research on the topic as well as the relative consensus among specialist scholars on how to theorise and critique such phenomena.
Decomposing the Motivation to Exert Mental Effort
Authors: Shenhav Amitai , Prater Fahey Mahalia , Grahek Ivan
Published: August 2021

Achieving most goals demands cognitive control, yet people vary widely in their success at meeting these demands. Although motivation is known to be fundamental to determining success at achieving a goal, what determines motivation to perform a given task remains poorly understood. Here, we describe recent efforts toward addressing this question using the expected-value-of-control model, which simulates the process by which people weigh the costs and benefits of exerting mental effort. This model functionally decomposes this cost-benefit analysis and has been used to fill gaps in understanding of the mechanisms of mental effort and to generate novel predictions about the sources of variability in real-world performance. We discuss the opportunities the model provides for formalizing hypotheses about why people vary in their motivation to perform tasks, as well as for understanding limitations in researchers’ ability to test these hypotheses using a given measure of performance.
Expectancy Violation and COVID-19 Misinformation: A Comment on Bogomoletc and Lee's “Frozen Meat Against COVID-19 Misinformation: An Analysis of Steak-umm and Positive Expectancy Violations”
Authors: Agley Jon
Published: August 2021

The social media account for Steak-umm, a frozen food product, achieved notoriety in 2020 for its messages about how to evaluate the quality of information. Bogomoletc and Lee proposed that the positive reaction to these messages being posted by a brand account resulted from expectancy violations and verified their idea with an analysis of 1,000 randomly selected tweets responding to Steak-umm's tweets. This comment responds to their work from a public health perspective and asks whether the expectancies that were violated were also those of nonscientists in general, allowing the tweets to serve as relief amidst a cavalcade of misinformation about COVID-19.
Understanding the Bereavement Process: Voices of Bereaved Parents
Authors: Calderwood Kimberly A. , Alberton Amy M.
Published: August 2021

Analysis of in-depth qualitative interviews with 20 bereaved parents and 11 service providers revealed a more holistic conceptualization of the bereavement process for parents who have lost a child. Holistic “states” included: “helplessness prior to the death,” “fog,” “turmoil,” “transition,” “new beginnings,” and “stability.” Findings showed that loss and restorative processes are characteristic of more than one state, the bereavement narrative starts prior to the death, there is often a downturn after the bereaved parent seemingly is doing better, and the process never ends but may include a continuing bond with the deceased and reoccurring moments of extreme grief. Recommendations for direct practice, program development, and future research are presented.
ADHD and Interfering Thoughts in High and Low Conflict Conditions
Authors: Alali-Morlevy Klodin , Goldfarb Liat
Published: August 2021

Background:

Individuals with an ADHD diagnosis have increased levels of interfering thoughts, especially in the form of mind wandering. This was mostly investigated in sustained attention tasks; hence it is unclear whether the findings are only due to their difficulties in those types of tasks. Moreover, it is unclear how the amount of control invested in the task will affect those differences between control and ADHD groups.

Method:

ADHD and matched control groups performed the Stroop task under high and low conflict conditions while measuring their interfering thoughts level.

Results:

Individuals with ADHD have more interfering thoughts compared to a control group even when they are able to change their control level according to the task conflict.

Conclusion:

Interfering thoughts are an independent predictor of ADHD impairments, observed regardless of the degree of control invested in the task.
Teachers as slaves or masters to their coursebooks: An in-depth study on two English language teachers’ coursebook utilization
Authors: Rathert Stefan , Cabaroğlu Neşe
Published: August 2021

Addressing an underappreciated research area, this study reports on how two English language teachers in a Turkish tertiary education context use a global coursebook. At the beginning of the study, a metaphor elicitation task and pre-study interviews were employed to detect the teachers’ coursebook conceptualizations. Then, a total of 12 lessons were video-recorded and adaptations were identified using a research-informed framework developed for this study. The participants examined and evaluated their own practices in stimulated recall sessions, reflective conversations and journal writing. The study was concluded with post-study interviews. Data revealed that the teachers’ instructional practice was driven by the coursebook to a large extent as they stuck to minor adaptations and followed the guidance given by the coursebook. Along with the institutional constraints, the teachers’ practices were influenced by their own personal preferences, attempts to make coursebook tasks accessible to learners, lack of planning and the highly structured delivery of tasks in the coursebook. However, pedagogic considerations were not foregrounded by the teachers. The results of the study call for professional teacher development on coursebook utilization, coursebook-based instead of coursebook-led program planning alongside redesign of coursebooks as resources rather than instructions.
Evidence, Risk, and Proof Paradoxes: Pessimism about the Epistemic Project
Authors: Fratantonio Giada
Published: August 2021

Why can testimony alone be enough for findings of liability? Why statistical evidence alone can't? These questions underpin the ‘Proof Paradox’. Many epistemologists have attempted to explain this paradox from a purely epistemic perspective. I call it the ‘Epistemic Project’. In this paper, I take a step back from this recent trend. Stemming from considerations about the nature and role of standards of proof, I define three requirements that any successful account in line with the Epistemic Project should meet. I then consider three recent epistemic accounts on which the standard is met when the evidence rules out modal risk (Pritchard 2018), normic risk (Ebert et al., 2020), or relevant alternatives (Gardiner 2019 2020). I argue that none of these accounts meets all the requirements. Finally, I offer reasons to be pessimistic about the prospects of having a successful epistemic explanation of the paradox. I suggest the discussion on the proof paradox would benefit from undergoing a ‘value-turn’.
Ideology shapes trust in scientists and attitudes towards vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kossowska Małgorzata , Szwed Paulina , Czarnek Gabriela
Published: August 2021

This paper investigates the influence of ideology on trust in scientists. We assume that during a pandemic, ideology is linked to levels of trust in scientists such that those espousing left- (vs. right-) wing beliefs trust the scientific profession more. We posit that the negative perception of scientists, a feature of right-wing narratives in the country of study, underlies this effect. Additionally, we argue that ideology has an indirect impact, via levels of trust in scientists, on beliefs and attitudes towards vaccines and vaccine policy. To test these hypotheses, we conducted three studies ( N = 1,155): one prepandemic study and two studies during a pandemic. The results confirmed the hypotheses; however, we observed varied effects at the outset of the pandemic versus later stages. The findings contribute to the ongoing discussion around the ideological underpinnings of trust in scientists and carry implications for public health measures.
“It’s my life they are talking about” – On children’s participation in decision-making for secure placement
Authors: Henriksen Ann-Karina
Published: August 2021

In Denmark, secure institutions are the most intrusive form of out-of-home placement. This article explores how children and young people experience participating in decisions involving secure placement. The analysis draws on a qualitative study, which includes interviews with young people, their case manager and case file data. The young people have all been placed in a secure institution for either observation or on grounds of being a danger to themselves or others, typically defined as a range of behavioral problems like absconding, abuse of drugs, transactional sex and/or crime involvement. Young people’s experiences of participating in these decisions provide important insights for understanding the barriers and factors, which facilitate participation for some of the most vulnerable children and young people in the child welfare system. Drawing on a three-dimensional definition of participation inspired by Kloppenborg and Lausten, the analysis shows that young people in the ‘deep-end’ of child welfare services navigate an adult-centered system of assessment and decision-making, which curtails their possibilities to have a voice and influence decisions. The analysis contributes to a limited research field studying case work practices in relation to care orders, restrictive measures and the confinement of children and young people, where young people’s perspectives are largely missing. Their voices provide important insights for the development of a child-centered approach to service provision, that balances their right to participation, protection and care.
The Effectiveness of College Dating Violence Prevention Programs: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wong Jennifer S. , Bouchard Jessica , Lee Chelsey
Published: August 2021

Due in part to their involvement with social activities on campus, college students experience an increased risk of dating violence. Recent legislation such as the Campus SaVE Act (which requires U.S. colleges to offer training on sexual assault, domestic violence, stalking, and sexual harassment to all incoming students) has contributed to the increase in prevention programming offered across postsecondary campuses, as well as subsequent research examining the effectiveness of these prevention efforts. The current study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of college dating violence prevention programs. A systematic search of 28 databases and numerous gray literature sources identified an initial 14,540 articles of which 315 were deemed potentially eligible for inclusion. Studies were selected if they (1) evaluated a college dating prevention program/campaign, (2) reported one of five outcomes (knowledge, attitudes, or bystander efficacy, intentions, or behavior), (3) had a minimum sample size of 20 in the treatment group, (4) used a pre/post and/or comparison group design, and (5) were published in English or French between January 2000 and October 2020. We calculated 53 effect sizes from 31 studies and conducted separate meta-analyses on various categories of outcome measures. Findings suggest that college dating violence prevention programs are effective at increasing knowledge and attitudes toward dating violence, as well as bystander skills, but are not effective at increasing bystander behaviors. Findings from moderator analyses suggest that several program components influence the strength of treatment effects. Implications for improving the effectiveness of college dating violence prevention programs are discussed.