bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound and pulsed electric field treatment effect on the thermal properties, oxidative stability and fatty acid profile of oils extracted from berry seeds
Authors: Piasecka Iga , Ostrowska-Ligęza Ewa , Wiktor Artur , Górska Agata
Published: May 2024

The seeds of berry fruits which are considered as a by-product may be valorized by recovering the oil they content. Nevertheless, the conventional extraction methods are time, energy and organic solvents consuming. In order to make extraction more environmental-friendly, alternative methods, like ultrasound-assisted and pulsed electric field-assisted processes, are being developed. The procedure of extraction may however influence the quality of obtained oil. The following study aims to define the effects of ultrasound and pulsed electric field application in the extraction process on the thermal properties, i.e., oxidative stability, melting and cyclic heating/cooling profiles, thermal decomposition characteristics. Additionally, fatty acid profile assessment was included in the study. Seeds of blackberries, blackcurrants, chokeberries, raspberries and redcurrants were used to extract oil. Based on the results, it can be summarized that extraction method influenced the resistance of oils to oxidation. Ultrasound-assisted process resulted in oils with the highest oxidation induction times. Melting profile was slightly influenced by extraction method, with peak temperatures indicating the presence of low-melting and middle-melting triacylglycerol fractions. Differential scanning calorimetry with heat/cool/heat procedure let determine crystallization peak temperatures around − 60 °C, which could be associated with the specific triacylglycerol profile of berry seed oils. The courses of thermogravimetric analysis curves were comparable for all the tested samples. The fatty acid profile study revealed that all the studied thermal properties were affected by the unique fatty acid percentage share, with a great predominance of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Obtained results allowed to conclude that extraction method influenced oxidative stability, thermal properties and fatty acid profile only to some extent. The most promising extraction method among analyzed seems to be ultrasound-assisted extraction as it provided oil with high oxidative stability, typical thermal properties and unchanged fatty acid profile, without being harmful to natural environment due to possible reduction in solvent and time consumption.
Gemini surfactants with short linkers: thermodynamics of Micelle formation
Authors: Sutorius Tom , McKim Mikeal , Aquilar Derek , Nembaware Hellen , Bachofer Steven , Sheardy Richard D.
Published: May 2024

We have been investigating the physical properties of simple Gemini surfactant with short linker chains using conductivity, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The surfactants used here have the general formula (CH3(CH2)11)(CH3)2-N+-(CH2)n-N+(CH3(CH2)11)(CH3)2·Br2, where n = 2, 3 or 4 and, as such, are designated as 12-2-12, 12-3-12 and 12-4-12. The ultimate goal of this work was to determine the enthalpy of demicellization using ITC. To determine the proper experimental conditions, it was necessary to first determine the critical micelle concentration (cmc) using conductivity and the size of the formed micelles using DLS for each surfactant. The results indicate a number of linear relationships between the number of carbons in the linker and certain physical properties such as cmc and ΔGmic as determined by conductivity studies. As expected, demicellization is enthalpically unfavorable but entropically driven. Linear relationships are also observed between the number of linker carbons and some thermodynamic properties as determined by ITC.

Graphical abstract
Using Pattern Counts to Quantify the Difference Between a Pair of Three-Dimensional Realizations
Authors: Lilleborge Marie , Hauge Ragnar , Fjellvoll Bjørn , Abrahamsen Petter
Published: May 2024

When comparing different ways of modeling discrete three-dimensional realizations such as facies, it is useful to have a measure of difference (or similarity) in the geometry of these realizations. We propose a method for evaluating such difference by comparing pattern counts for a small template. Tests on synthetic datasets demonstrate that the proposed difference effectively differentiates between realizations of a Boolean model and those generated using multiple-point statistics with the Boolean realizations as training images. We also observed that multiple-point statistics realizations based on similar training images yield smaller differences to one another compared to those based on training images from dissimilar concepts. This suggests that the proposed difference is a useful tool for comparing discrete three-dimensional realizations.
Linear Convergence of the Derivative-Free Proximal Bundle Method on Convex Nonsmooth Functions, with Application to the Derivative-Free $\mathcal{VU}$-Algorithm
Authors: Planiden C. , Rajapaksha T.
Published: May 2024

Proximal bundle methods are a class of optimisation algorithms that leverage the proximal operator to address nonsmoothness in the objective function efficiently. This study focuses on a derivative-free (DFO) proximal bundle method and one of its applications called the DFO $\mathcal{VU}$
VU
-algorithm. These algorithms incorporate approximate proximal points as subprocedures in order to optimise convex nonsmooth functions based on approximated subdifferential information. Interestingly, the classical $\mathcal{VU}$
VU
-algorithm, which operates on true subgradient values, achieves superlinear convergence. At each iteration, the algorithm divides the whole space into two: the smooth $\mathcal{U}$
U
-space and the nonsmooth $\mathcal{V}$
V
-space. It takes a Newton-like step on the $\mathcal{U}$
U
-space and a proximal-point step on the $\mathcal{V}$
V
-space, enabling it to handle both smooth and nonsmooth parts effectively and converge faster. In this work, we reveal the worst possible convergence rate for the DFO $\mathcal{VU}$
VU
-method by showing the linear convergence of the DFO proximal bundle method. This will be done by presenting a suitable framework and using the subdifferential-based error bound on the distance to critical points.
Approach to the sense of belonging: construct for the marketing of entrepreneurships in higher education
Authors: Matarranz Jose Luis , García-Madariaga Jesús , Carvajal Marisol
Published: May 2024

This article investigates the potential of belonging as a marketing argument, focusing on customer behaviors driven by this sense of connection with brands. This variable is explored using six robust indicators to define the sense of belonging and its relationship with customer behavior. The research was carried out in the context of Higher Education, highlighting the transformation of this area to offer continuous training and innovative skills. The article highlights the importance of incorporating belonging into marketing strategies, especially for educational institutions seeking to optimize student engagement, especially in those institutions that are the result of ventures and that have given rise to new institutions. This study reveals the sense of belonging of graduates to their institutions and highlights its importance in various sectors. Companies must strive to cultivate a sense of belonging among their customers, using marketing strategies and policies to build lasting relationships and consolidate their ventures. This latent variable has the potential to influence customer behavior and therefore deserves further study.
Erosion of the Capital City Advantage in Child Survival and Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Intervention Coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Amouzou Agbessi , Melesse Dessalegn Y. , Wehrmeister Fernando C. , Ferreira Leonardo Z. , Jiwani Safia S. , Kassegne Sethson , Maïga Abdoulaye , Faye Cheikh M. , Ca Tome , Boerma Ties ,   For The Countdown to 2030 Regional Collaboration in Sub-Saharan Africa
Published: May 2024

The place of residence is a major determinant of RMNCH outcomes, with rural areas often lagging in sub-Saharan Africa. This long-held pattern may be changing given differential progress across areas and increasing urbanization. We assessed inequalities in child mortality and RMNCH coverage across capital cities and other urban and rural areas. We analyzed mortality data from 163 DHS and MICS in 39 countries with the most recent survey conducted between 1990 and 2020 and RMNCH coverage data from 39 countries. We assessed inequality trends in neonatal and under-five mortality and in RMNCH coverage using multilevel linear regression models. Under-five mortality rates and RMNCH service coverage inequalities by place of residence have reduced substantially in sub-Saharan Africa, with rural areas experiencing faster progress than other areas. The absolute gap in child mortality between rural areas and capital cities and that between rural and other urban areas reduced respectively from 41 and 26 deaths per 1000 live births in 2000 to 23 and 15 by 2015. Capital cities are losing their primacy in child survival and RMNCH coverage over other urban areas and rural areas, especially in Eastern Africa where under-five mortality gap between capital cities and rural areas closed almost completely by 2015. While child mortality and RMNCH coverage inequalities are closing rapidly by place of residence, slower trends in capital cities and urban areas suggest gradual erosion of capital city and urban health advantage. Monitoring child mortality and RMNCH coverage trends in urban areas, especially among the urban poor, and addressing factors of within urban inequalities are urgently needed.
“I am a survivor!”: Violently Injured Black Men’s Perceptions of Labeling After a Violent Firearm Injury
Authors: Baker Nazsa S. , VanHook Cortney , Ziminski Devon , Costa Jordan , Mitchell Michael , Lovelady Nakita
Published: May 2024

Self-appraisal after a life-altering event is a critical process for individuals, often comprised by assigned labels that may not align with an individuals’ perceptions of themselves or of their situation. Existing research within this victim-survivor dichotomy largely rests in the interpersonal violence space, with a victim assuming legal recourse and wrongdoing, and a survivor associating with positive personal characteristics like grit and resilience. Much existing literature on self-appraisal after interpersonal injury is heavily concentrated within the sexual violence literature, and this study applies these concepts to a sample of Black men injured by firearms. Ten Black men enrolled in a hospital-based violence intervention program (HVIP) were interviewed to understand how they label their experience of firearm injury, and if their perceptions aligned with common labels seen among other populations and/or in other areas of study (e.g., cancer, domestic violence). Each participant assigned themselves their own label, with three labels emerging: survivor, victim and survivor, and neither victim nor survivor. The results illustrate the nuance of experiences beyond the victim-survivor dichotomy, and how labels and personal identities may shift following injury into new terms and considerations of resilience and trauma processing. More research is warranted to understand the factors that shape self-labeling within this population, including influences of masculine norms, racialized stereotypes, community context, and availability of services. Findings support public awareness campaigns to reframe surviving violence as a strength, and for community partners and practitioners to increase access to culturally competent and trauma-informed mental healthcare.
Advance Care Planning (ACP) in Medicare Beneficiaries with Heart Failure
Authors: Bose Brill Seuli , Riley Sean R. , Prater Laura , Schnell Patrick M. , Schuster Anne L. R. , Smith Sakima A. , Foreman Beth , Xu Wendy Yi , Gustin Jillian , Li Yiting , Zhao Chen , Barrett Todd , Hyer J. Madison
Published: May 2024

Background

Heart failure is a leading cause of death in the USA, contributing to high expenditures near the end of life. Evidence remains lacking on whether billed advance care planning changes patterns of end-of-life healthcare utilization among patients with heart failure. Large-scale claims evaluation assessing billed advance care planning and end-of-life hospitalizations among patients with heart failure can fill evidence gaps to inform health policy and clinical practice.

Objective

Assess the association between billed advance care planning delivered and Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure upon the type and quantity of healthcare utilization in the last 30 days of life.

Design

This retrospective cross-sectional cohort study used Medicare fee-for-service claims from 2016 to 2020.

Participants

A total of 48,466 deceased patients diagnosed with heart failure on Medicare.

Main Measures

Billed advance care planning services between the last 12 months and last 30 days of life will serve as the exposure. The outcomes are end-of-life healthcare utilization and total expenditure in inpatient, outpatient, hospice, skilled nursing facility, and home healthcare services.

Key Results

In the final cohort of 48,466 patients (median [IQR] age, 83 [76–89] years; 24,838 [51.2%] women; median [IQR] Charlson Comorbidity Index score, 4 [2–5]), 4406 patients had an advance care planning encounter. Total end-of-life expenditure among patients with billed advance care planning encounters was 19% lower (95% CI, 0.77–0.84) compared to patients without. Patients with billed advance care planning encounters had 2.65 times higher odds (95% CI, 2.47–2.83) of end-of-life outpatient utilization with a 33% higher expected total outpatient expenditure (95% CI, 1.24–1.42) compared with patients without a billed advance care planning encounter.

Conclusions

Billed advance care planning delivery to individuals with heart failure occurs infrequently. Prioritizing billed advance care planning delivery to these individuals may reduce total end-of-life expenditures and end-of-life inpatient expenditures through promoting use of outpatient end-of-life services, including home healthcare and hospice.
Development of a High Ductility DP Steel Using a Segregation Neutralization Approach: Benchmarked Against a Commercial Dual Phase Steel
Authors: Dastur Pedram , Slater Carl , Bandi Bharath , Davis Claire
Published: May 2024

Commercial dual-phase steels are typically synonymous with a banded distribution of martensite in their microstructures, which can degrade ductility and increase the anisotropy of mechanical properties. The concept of neutralizing the effect of Mn segregation is employed to change the distribution of martensite to a non-banded distribution. To this end, the ratio of austenite and ferrite stabilizer elements has been changed in the composition of dual-phase steel. Microstructural analysis has been carried out on both hot-rolled (ferrite + pearlite) and heat-treated (ferrite + martensite) microstructures by optical microscope and EBSD, respectively. The microstructural examinations have confirmed the non-banded distribution of second phase and more equiaxed ferrite grains in the segregated neutralized grade microstructures compared to a commercially benchmarked dual-phase steel. Tensile properties of two grades have also been assessed in hot-rolled and heat-treated conditions in RD, TD, and 45 deg tensile directions. In the case of heat-treated condition, total elongation in RD direction has been improved from 20.9 pct in benchmark dual-phase steel to 25.4 pct in segregated neutralized dual-phase steel. Tensile anisotropy results showed a significant difference in tensile strength by tensile direction in benchmark dual-phase steel in both hot-rolled (~ 85 MPa) and heat-treated conditions (~ 48 MPa), while the corresponding differences for the segregated neutralized grades were 14 and 15 MPa, respectively.
Fine-Pitch Copper Nanowire Interconnects for 2.5/3D System Integration
Authors: Bickel Steffen , Quednau Sebastian , Birlem Olav , Graff Andreas , Altmann Frank , Junghähnel Manuela , Panchenko Juliana
Published: May 2024

Heterogeneous integration is a key driver within the field of advanced electronic packaging. The realization of tomorrow’s highly integrated electronic systems depends on the combination and compatibility of various integration technologies at the same hierarchy level. The adoption of novel bonding technologies for a cost-effective realization of multi-chiplet systems is a key aspect. Cu nanowire (NW) interconnects exhibit distinct advantages in terms of their scalability down to a few micrometers, the resulting joint properties and moderate demands with respect to the surface preparation, and the cleanliness of the bonding environment. No solder or flux is required for the bonding process, but the NW bumps still can compensate low height differences. The bonding process can be carried out near room temperature under ambient conditions. We demonstrate the technological possibility to integrate the Cu-NWs for a bump processing scheme including the Cu seed etching on 300 mm wafer for the first time. This paper focuses on the microstructure evaluation and the shear test of the formed Cu-NW interconnects fabricated under ambient conditions within a few seconds. The microstructure analysis shows the intact bonded interconnects and reveals high-resolution details of Cu-NWs. The shear strength of the formed interconnects varies between 4.6 MPa and 90.5 MPa depending on the bonding and annealing conditions. Overall, the results of this study highlight the potential of Cu-NW interconnects for future 3D heterogeneous system integration.
Myocardial Recovery and Relapse in Heart Failure With Improved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Kodur Nandan , Tang W. H. Wilson
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review

The purpose of this review is to discuss myocardial recovery in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and to summarize the contemporary insights regarding heart failure with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF).

Recent findings

Improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≥ 40%) with improved prognosis can be achieved in one out of three (10–40%) patients with HFrEF treated with guideline-directed medical therapy. Clinical predictors include non-ischemic etiology of HFrEF, less abnormal blood or imaging biomarkers, and lack of specific pathogenic genetic variants. However, a subset of patients may ultimately relapse, suggesting that many patients are merely in remission rather than having fully recovered.

Patients with HFimpEF have improved prognosis but nonetheless remain at risk of relapse and long-term adverse events. Future studies will hopefully chart the natural history of HFimpEF and identify clinical predictors such as blood or novel imaging biomarkers that distinguish subgroups of patients based on differential trajectory and prognosis.
Where Top-Down Meets Bottom-Up: Cell-Type Specific Connectivity Map of the Whisker System
Authors: Rault Nicolas , Bergmans Tido , Delfstra Natasja , Kleijnen Bisley J. , Zeldenrust Fleur , Celikel Tansu
Published: May 2024

Sensorimotor computation integrates bottom-up world state information with top-down knowledge and task goals to form action plans. In the rodent whisker system, a prime model of active sensing, evidence shows neuromodulatory neurotransmitters shape whisker control, affecting whisking frequency and amplitude. Since neuromodulatory neurotransmitters are mostly released from subcortical nuclei and have long-range projections that reach the rest of the central nervous system, mapping the circuits of top-down neuromodulatory control of sensorimotor nuclei will help to systematically address the mechanisms of active sensing. Therefore, we developed a neuroinformatic target discovery pipeline to mine the Allen Institute’s Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas. Using network connectivity analysis, we identified new putative connections along the whisker system and anatomically confirmed the existence of 42 previously unknown monosynaptic connections. Using this data, we updated the sensorimotor connectivity map of the mouse whisker system and developed the first cell-type-specific map of the network. The map includes 157 projections across 18 principal nuclei of the whisker system and neuromodulatory neurotransmitter-releasing. Performing a graph network analysis of this connectome, we identified cell-type specific hubs, sources, and sinks, provided anatomical evidence for monosynaptic inhibitory projections into all stages of the ascending pathway, and showed that neuromodulatory projections improve network-wide connectivity. These results argue that beyond the modulatory chemical contributions to information processing and transfer in the whisker system, the circuit connectivity features of the neuromodulatory networks position them as nodes of sensory and motor integration.
Acute-Phase Neurofilament Light and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Proteins in Cerebrospinal Fluid Predict Long-Term Outcome After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Andersson Emma , Öst Martin , Dalla Keti , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Nellgård Bengt
Published: May 2024

Background

This study investigated trajectory profiles and the association of concentrations of the biomarkers neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with clinical outcome at 1 year and 10–15 years after a severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).

Methods

This study included patients with sTBI at the Neurointensive Care Unit at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. The injury was regarded as severe if patients had a Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8 corresponding to Reaction Level Scale ≥ 4. CSF was collected from a ventricular catheter during a 2-week period. Concentrations of NfL and GFAP in CSF were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to assess the 1-year and 10–15-year outcomes. After adjustment for age and previous neurological diseases, logistic regression was performed for the outcomes GOS 1 (dead) or GOS 2–5 (alive) and GOS 1–3 (poor) or GOS 4–5 (good) versus the independent continuous variables (NfL and GFAP).

Results

Fifty-three patients with sTBI were investigated; forty-seven adults are presented in the article, and six children (aged 7–18 years) are described in Supplement 1. The CSF concentrations of NfL gradually increased over 2 weeks post trauma, whereas GFAP concentrations peaked on days 3–4. Increasing NfL and GFAP CSF concentrations increased the odds of GOS 1–3 outcome 1 year after trauma (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–2.80, p = 0.025; and OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.09–2.37, p = 0.016, respectively). Similarly, increasing CSF concentrations of NfL and GFAP increased the odds for GOS 1–3 outcome 10–15 years after trauma (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.05–3.96, p = 0.035; and OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.02–2.00, p = 0.040).

Conclusions

This study shows that initial high concentrations of NfL and GFAP in CSF are both associated with higher odds for GOS 1–3 outcome 1 year and 10–15 years after an sTBI, implicating its potential usage as a prognostic marker in the future.
Adenotonsillectomy Versus Watchful Waiting for Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tsikopoulos Alexios , Tsikopoulos Konstantinos , Dilmperis Fotios , Anastasiadou Sofia , Garefis Konstantinos , Fountarlis Athanasios , Triaridis Stefanos
Published: May 2024

The treatment of children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) remains a point of debate among otorhinolaryngologists worldwide. This study aims to comparatively assess the clinical outcomes of adenotonsillectomy (ATE) and watchful waiting in children with OSAS. We searched the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), until the 1st of October 2023. Comparative trials assessing the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy and watchful waiting in children with OSAS were considered. The primary outcome measure was the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and secondary outcomes included quality of life as measured by OSA-18 score, and mean SpO2 levels. A subgroup analysis evaluating the changes in AHI depending on the severity of the initial disease was also executed. We conducted a random-effects pairwise meta-analysis of change scores to include randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. The quality assessment was carried out by using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized and the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized trials, respectively. Two randomized and five non-randomized trials were included. There was a statistically significant difference regarding AHI in favor of the ATE group compared to the watchful waiting group (Standardized mean difference [SMD] was − 0.60, 95%CI −0.79 to −0.41, p < 0.001). Likewise, a statistically significant decrease in change scores for OSA-18 between ATE and watchful waiting was noted (SMD was − 0.79, 95%CI −0.97 to −0.61, p < 0.001). On the other hand, there was no significant difference when ATE and watchful waiting groups were compared for SpO2 levels between each other (SMD was 0.52, 95%CI −1.53 to 2.56, p < 0.62). In the subgroup analysis assessing mild OSAS, there was a significant difference in favor of ATE compared to watchful waiting (SMD was −0.91, 95%CI −1.35 to −0.47, p < 0.0001). For mild to moderate OSAS, similar results were noted favoring ATE as well (SMD was − 0.53, 95%CI −0.87 to −0.19, p < 0.003). This study provides evidence of moderate strength supporting the superiority of ATE over the watchful waiting approach in terms of AHI and OSA-18. This also appears to be the case for AHI in children with mild and mild to moderate OSAS.
Tertiary lymphoid structures as a potential prognostic biomarker for combined hepatocellular–cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Gong Wenchen , Zhang Su , Tian Xiangdong , Chen Wenshuai , He Yuchao , Chen Liwei , Ding Tingting , Ren Peiqi , Shi Lin , Wu Qiang , Sun Yan , Chen Lu , Guo Hua
Published: May 2024

Background

Combined hepatocellular–cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC–CCA), as a rare primary hepatic tumor, is challenging to accurately assess in terms of the clinical outcomes and prognostic risk factors in patients. This study aimed to clarify the function of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) status in predicting the outcome of cHCC–CCA and to preliminarily explore the possible mechanism of TLS formation.

Methods

The TLSs, with different spatial distributions and densities, of 137 cHCC–CCA were quantified, and their association with prognosis was assessed by Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses. We further validated TLS possible efficacy in predicting immunotherapy responsiveness in two cHCC–CCA case reports. TLS composition and its relationship to CXCL12 expression were analysed by fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry.

Results

A high intratumoural TLS score was correlated with prolonged survival, whereas a high TLS density in adjacent tissue indicated a worse prognosis in cHCC–CCA. Mature TLSs were related to favorable outcomes and showed more CD8 + T cells infiltrating tumor tissues. We further divided the cHCC–CCA patients into four immune grades by combining the peri-TLS and intra-TLS, and these grades were an independent prognostic factor. In addition, our reported cases suggested a potential value of TLS in predicting immunotherapy response in cHCC–CCA patients. Our findings suggested that CXCL12 expression in cHCC–CCA tissue was significantly correlated with TLS presence.

Conclusion

The spatial distribution and density of TLSs revealing the characteristics of the cHCC–CCA immune microenvironment, significantly correlated with prognosis and provided a potential immunotherapy response biomarker for cHCC–CCA.
Understanding the Remplissage: History, Biomechanics, Outcomes, and Current Indications
Authors: Freshman Ryan , Lurie Benjamin , Garcia Grant , Liu Joseph
Published: May 2024

Purpose of Review

Arthroscopic remplissage has continued to gain popularity as an adjunct to Bankart repair for patients with anterior shoulder instability. Although the original remplissage technique was described over 15 years ago, our understanding of when and how to use this procedure continues to evolve. This article provides a review of how remplissage affects shoulder biomechanics, compares clinical outcomes between remplissage and other procedures for shoulder instability, and discusses current indications for remplissage.

Recent Findings

Current research focuses on the use of remplissage across a wide range of glenoid bone loss. Remplissage appears effective at preventing recurrent instability in patients with glenoid bone loss up to 15% of the glenoid width. However, once glenoid bone exceeds 15%, outcomes tend to favor bony reconstruction procedures such as Latarjet. Results of biomechanical studies examining shoulder range of motion (ROM) after remplissage are mixed, though clinical studies tend to report no significant limitations in ROM when remplissage is added to a Bankart repair.

Adding a remplissage to conventional Bankart repair may improve clinical outcomes and lower rates of recurrent instability without significantly altering shoulder ROM. However, surgeons should recognize its limitations in treating patients with large amounts of glenoid bone loss and should be prepared to discuss alternative procedures on a case-by-case basis. Absolute indications and contraindications for remplissage are not well defined currently and require further scientific research.
Brief Meditation on Test Anxiety of Eighth Grade Chinese Students: Chain-Mediating Roles of Mindfulness and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Yue Ning , Li Chieh , Si Shangwen , Xu Shanshan , Zhang Qin , Cui Lixia
Published: May 2024

Numerous studies have revealed an alarming prevalence of test anxiety among Chinese junior high school students. Prevention of test anxiety in this population has become crucial. Brief meditation intervention (BMI) has shown promising results for promoting students’ well-being and reducing test anxiety, but its mechanism for reducing test anxiety remains unknown. This study examined the effects of BMI and the roles mindfulness and self-efficacy play in mediating between the intervention and test anxiety. The BMI was optimized in content and form and culturally tailored for Chinese eighth graders. It includes guided meditation with relaxation music, mindful breathing and body scanning, and positive suggestions that promote self-efficacy. Six eighth grade classes at an urban junior high school in Beijing (N = 202, Mage = 14.14, 102 males) were assigned to either a BMI group (3 classes, N = 103) or a control group (3 classes, N = 99). Test anxiety, mindfulness, and self-efficacy measures were administered before, in the middle of, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA and mediation analysis indicated that BMI had a significant effect on reducing test anxiety and enhancing mindfulness and self-efficacy over time. The study also found that mindfulness and self-efficacy played a chain of mediating roles in the relationship between BMI and test anxiety. The mediation effect value accounted for 68.35% of the intervention effects.
Deep Learning-Based Acoustic Emission Signal Filtration Model in Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Inderyas Omair , Alver Ninel , Tayfur Sena , Shimamoto Yuma , Suzuki Tetsuya
Published: May 2024

Acoustic emission is a nondestructive testing (NDT) technique, widely used to monitor the condition of structures for safety reasons especially in real time. The method utilizes the electrical signals generated by the elastic waves in a material under load to detect and locate damage in structures. However, identifying the sources of AE signals in concrete or composite materials can be challenging due to the anisotropic properties of materials and interpreting a large amount of AE data, leading to data misinterpretation and inaccurate detection of damage. Hence, the need for filtering out noise-induced signals from recorded data and emphasizing the actual AE source is crucial for monitoring and source localization of damage in real time. This study proposed a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) deep learning approach to filter around 22,000 AE data in a reinforced concrete (RC) beam. The model utilizes significant AE parameters identified through neighborhood component analysis (NCA) to classify true AE signals from noise-induced signals. By using the optimized network parameters, a high classification accuracy of 97% and 96.29% was achieved during the training and testing phases, respectively. To check the reliability of the proposed AE filtering model in the real world, it was evaluated and verified using source location AE activities collected during a four-point bending test on a shear-deficient beam. The outcomes suggest that the proposed AE filtration model has the potential to accurately classify AE signals with an accuracy of 92.8% and proved that the filtration model provides accurate and valuable insight into source location determination.
SMA Film-Based Elastocaloric Cooling Devices
Authors: Xu Jingyuan , Bruederlin Florian , Bumke Lars , Ossmer Hinnerk , Quandt Eckhard , Miyazaki Shuichi , Kohl Manfred
Published: May 2024

The ongoing trend of miniaturization and increasing power density in miniaturized systems demand for active temperature control and cooling. The cooling technologies utilized today depend on environmentally harmful substances or are bound to low efficiencies. This leads to an urgent need for innovative cooling technologies that are both environmentally friendly and efficient. This report focuses on shape memory alloy (SMA) film-based elastocaloric (eC) cooling, as SMA films exhibit a large eC effect and enable efficient heat transfer through solid-to-solid contact due to their large surface-to-volume ratio. Among the different material candidates, TiNiCuCo films are of special interest due to their ultra-low fatigue properties and small hysteresis. Single-stage SMA film-based eC devices reach a device temperature span up to 14 K combined with a high specific cooling capacity of up to 19 W g−1. However, absolute cooling capacities in the small-scale device are limited to 220 mW and the device temperature span already reaches the adiabatic limit of the used SMA film. To overcome the limitations in cooling capacity and device temperature span, novel advanced device architectures are explored. A parallelized cooling device combining the eC effect of five SMA films is engineered to increase the absolute cooling capacity up to 900 mW, while it preserves the high specific cooling capacity unique to SMA film-based cooling devices. A cascaded eC cooling device is developed, which consists of a serial arrangement of three SMA films. In this case, the device temperature span is increased beyond the adiabatic limit of a single film to 27.3 K. These results provide a basis for next-generation SMA film-based eC cooling technology.
Endometrial Elasticity is an Ultrasound Marker for Predicting Clinical Pregnancy Outcomes after Embryo Transfer
Authors: Zhang Lin-lin , Huang Shuo , Wang Li-ying , Wang Yuan-yuan , Lu Shan , Li Rong
Published: May 2024

Endometrial elasticity is a potential new marker for assessing endometrial receptivity and pregnancy outcomes based on endometrial thickness and type. Currently, little research has been conducted on the elasticity of the endometrium using shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI). This study aimed to explore whether endometrial elasticity is an ultrasound marker for predicting clinical pregnancy outcomes after embryo transfer. A total of 245 infertile women underwent ultrasonography before embryo transfer at the Peking University Third Hospital. We compared the endometrial elasticity and sub-endometrial blood flow rate using SWEI in the groups with different pregnancy outcomes. Trends in clinical pregnancy outcomes across the quartiles of endometrial elasticity in the fundus of the uterus (E1) were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain odds ratios for clinical pregnancy outcomes based on the quartiles of E1, with or without adjusting for potential confounding variables. Women in the clinical pregnancy group had higher E1 values and sub-endometrial blood flow rates in the uterine fundus than those in the non-pregnancy group. Women in the highest quartile of E1 had the most favorable clinical pregnancy rates. Endometrial elasticity measured using SWEI is a promising ultrasound marker for predicting clinical pregnancy outcomes after embryo transfer.
Logic and Information
Authors: Mares Edwin
Published: May 2024

This Element looks at two projects that relate logic and information: the project of using logic to integrate, manipulate and interpret information and the proect of using the notion of information to provide interpretations of logical systems. The Element defines 'information' in a manner that includes misinformation and disinformation and uses this general concept of information to provide an interpretation of various paraconsistent and relevant logics. It also integrates these logics into contemporary theories of informational updating, probability theory and (rather informally) some ideas from the theory of the complexity of proofs. The Element assumes some prior knowledge of modal logic and its possible world semantics, but all the other necessary background is provided.
Human Reasoning
Authors: Over David E , Evans Jonathan St B T
Published: May 2024

This Element is on new developments in the psychology of reasoning that raise or address philosophical questions. In traditional studies in the psychology of reasoning, the focus was on inference from arbitrary assumptions and not at all from beliefs, and classical binary logic was presupposed as the only standard for human reasoning. But recently a new Bayesian paradigm has emerged in the discipline. This views ordinary human reasoning as mostly inferring probabilistic conclusions from degrees of beliefs, or from hypothetical premises relevant to a purpose at hand, and as often about revising or updating degrees of belief. This Element also covers new formulations of dual-process theories of the mind, stating that there are two types of mental processing, one rapid and intuitive and shared with other animals, and the other slow and reflective and more characteristic of human beings. The final topic covered is the new developments and rationality.
Racing Religion in the Palestine-Israel Discourse
Authors: Aziz Sahar
Published: May 2024

Race is a Western political project. Religious freedom is a Christian political project. The linkages between the two enabled European nations and their settlers across the globe to condemn natives, slaves, and non-European immigrants to inferior status, and in turn legalize control of their lands and bodies.1 The consequent race-religion systems of power and privilege, which inform Rabiat Akande's thesis, offer valuable insights into the racialized boundaries of contemporary Palestine-Israel discourse in the United States.2 Specifically, the racialization of Muslims and Arabs as terrorism supporters and presumptively anti-Semitic subjects them to censorship, harassment, and discrimination when they advocate for the human rights of Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank. This essay argues that infringements on Muslims and Arabs’ dissenting speech and political activism is another way in which the racialization of religion produces a mutually constitutive form of discrimination.
Corporate Responsibility and Repair for Anti-Black Racism
Authors: Mustafa Tabitha Celeste
Published: May 2024

In an era when the public and shareholders increasingly demand greater accountability from institutions for racial injustice and slavery, scholarship on corporate reparations is more and more essential. This article argues that corporations have played a significant role in the cultural dehumanization of Blackness and therefore have a particular responsibility to make repair. Cultural dehumanization refers to embedding anti-Blackness into US culture in service of capitalist profit accumulation, which has resulted in status and material inequalities between Blacks and whites that have persisted from slavery to the present. More specifically, the article argues corporations have a moral duty to offer reparations to Black Americans regardless of any redress offered by other perpetrators of anti-Blackness. It appeals to tort law in providing a moral justification for corporate reparations to Black Americans.
“Show, Don’t Tell”: Pious Visual Culture in Pakistani Dramas
Authors: Montpellier Elliot Marcel
Published: May 2024

This article explores how the Pakistan television drama industry mediates collective notions of piety through visual registers. Explicit religious discourse is tightly regulated in the industry, and producers themselves often disavow producing religious content. However, the leakiness of production practices generates religious visual idioms that are transparently circulated and taken up by audiences. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork in Karachi with production teams in this culture industry, I argue that dramas are a central yet overlooked feature of religious publics’ formations in the digitalizing Pakistani mediascape. Focus on religious media in the anthropology of Islam has treated publics as mostly engaged with traditional sources of authority. Attending to scenes from three popular dramas—Meri Zaat Zarra-e-Benishan (2009), Shehr-e-Zaat (2012), and Khaani (2017)—elucidates how visuality is a central facet of how cross-media interactions enregister piety. Observations of cinematographic negotiations and reflections by creators on the ambiguity and efficacy of pious visuality contextualize how religious scenes in these productions come together. While the visuality of prayer scenes across these dramas emphasizes private personal piety, tracing how these images are scripted, depicted, and circulated online offers insights into how religious digital publics are shaped in contemporary Pakistan.
Corpus-based dialectometry with topic models
Authors: Kuparinen Olli , Scherrer Yves
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a topic modeling approach to corpus-based dialectometry. Topic models are most often used in text mining to find latent structure in a collection of documents. They are based on the idea that frequently co-occurring words present the same underlying topic. In this study, topic models are used on interview transcriptions containing dialectal speech directly, without any annotations or preselected features. The transcriptions are modeled on complete words, on character n-grams, and after automatical segmentation. Data from three languages, Finnish, Norwegian, and Swiss German, are scrutinized. The proposed method is capable of discovering clear dialectal differences in all three datasets, while reflecting the differences between them. The method provides a significant simplification of the dialectometric workflow, simultaneously saving time and increasing objectivity. Using the method on non-normalized data could also benefit text mining, which is the traditional field of topic modeling.
Artistic Forms of Shaping Ukrainian National Identity by Leon Getz
Authors: Wierzejska Jagoda
Published: May 2024

The article deals with the phenomenon of shaping Ukrainian national identity in artistic works of autobiographical nature, created at the time of life crisis and oppressive sociopolitical situation, using Leon Getz as an example. Getz (1896–1971) was a painter who was raised in a Polish-Ukrainian family in Lviv but made a decision to identify nationally with the Ukrainian minority, oppressed both in pre- and postwar Poland. After WWII, he was subjected to surveillance by the Polish Security Office because of his Ukrainian identification. That led him and his wife (also a Ukrainian) to attempt suicide—unsuccessful in the case of the artist, fatal in the case of his wife. Getz wrote down his memoirs twice: the first time in the 1930s, the second time after his wife’s death in the 1950s. The first memoirs expressed his loneliness in an environment dominated by Poles, and they were drawn up openly, though for the author’s needs only. The second memoirs presented his personal tragedy and were kept in secret because the Security Office sought to intercept Getz’s notes as documents incriminating the officers. However, the author hoped to make the text public in the future. The subject of the analysis is constituted by memoirs read in the context of the artist’s other personal documents and works. They present the formation of his Ukrainian national identity as the chosen one and at the same time as the one that, in his opinion, was related to his and his wife’s tragedy. I interpret these memoirs in two different but complimentary ways: first, as life writing at the time of a man’s personal life crisis and, second, as life writing in a situation of oppression by the authoritarian and after WWII totalitarian state, under surveillance by the Security Office, whose moves put the very subjectivity of an individual in crisis. Both interpretations highlight the process of building Getz’s self-identification not as a discovered preexisting nationality, but as a deliberate—and nonobvious—choice of national path. The article is based on Getz’s unpublished memoirs and works, which are held in archives in Cracow (Poland) and Rome (Italy).
Presidential Discourses on Regionalism in Azerbaijan: Turkic Solidarity and the Silk Road
Authors: Guliyev Farid
Published: May 2024

Drawing on theories of comparative regionalism, this article examines the construction of regionalist frames in Azerbaijan covering the period from 1993 to mid-2023. By examining more than 60 text passages from presidential speeches and statements, the study identifies two framings of regionalism that have dominated presidential discourses in Azerbaijan: the discourse of Turkic solidarity or unity (in the political-security domain) and the narrative of an East-West corridor or the revival of the Silk Road for transport of cargo and hydrocarbon resources (in the economic domain). By constructing these discursive frames, Azerbaijani state leaders crafted an alternative regional order reconstituting the geographic category of “South Caucasus” into a new, spatially broader area. In this formulation, “South Caucasus” is viewed as a central pillar of the Silk Road, and Azerbaijan as one of its focal points or nodes. While the study underscores a key role that actors and ideas play in the formation of regions and regional institutions, it also highlights how social construction of regional identities is embedded in and shaped by historical experiences and country-specific political-economic conditions such as historical memories, experiences of war, collective identities and cultural affinities, geographic location, domestic political economic structures, and international linkages.
Systematics and paleobiogeography of Quaternary corals from Cabo Verde Archipelago
Authors: Reeb Anne-Sophie , Rebelo Ana Cristina , Ramalho Ricardo S. , Madeira José , Rasser Michael W.
Published: May 2024

Although true coral reefs have seldom been reported from the fossil record of the Cabo Verde Archipelago, many single fossil corals and coral colonies can be found reworked in tsunami deposits and in raised marine terraces onshore on these islands. This study provides the first detailed survey of fossil corals from 7 of the 10 islands of the archipelago, sampled from Pleistocene marine terraces and tsunami deposits. A total of 168 scleractinian corals were analyzed and identified to genus and/or species level. Thirteen taxa from the families Acroporidae, Dendrophylliidae, Faviidae, Pocilloporidae, Poritidae, and Rhizangiidae were identified. The zooxanthellate fossil corals found on the Cape Verde Archipelago likely migrated from the Caribbean to the West African coast, while azooxanthellate species likely originated from the Indo-Pacific. Differences between present-day coral assemblages and fossil assemblages are assumed to result from changing environmental factors. Although reef-building taxa occur (e.g., Porites), extensive reef frameworks are absent.