bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of progression of atrial fibrillation in middle-aged individuals with hypertension in combination with comorbid extracardial diseases
Authors: Khidirova L. D. , Yakhontov D. A.
Published: December 2019

Purpose. To assess the progression of atrial fibrillation in middle-aged people with hypertension in combination with comorbid extracardiac diseases.

Materials and methods. In an observational cohort study, 308 patients aged 45–65 years with atrial fibrillation (paroxysmal and persistent forms) with hypertension in combination with extracardiac pathology were observed: diabetes mellitus (n = 40), thyrotoxicosis (n = 42), hypothyroidism (n = 59), abdominal obesity (n = 64) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 47). The control group consisted of 56 patients with hypertension + AF without concomitant extracardiac disease. The level of MMP-9 was determined using the Human MMP-9 (total) Immunoassay test-system (USA); NT-proBNP —  using the NTproBNP-IFA-Best reagent kit; galectin-3 —  with ELISA —  Bender MedSystems (Austria). Echocardiography was performed using an Acuson Aspen apparatus (USA), 24-hour ECG monitoring with Schiller Medilog Holter system. All statistical calculations were carried out in the program Rstudio 0.99.879 (RStudio, USA).

Results. In patients with hypertension and atrial fibrillation, the combination of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.041) and abdominal obesity (p = 0.004) is the most prognostic factor for AF progression. In groups of patients with diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and abdominal obesity, the most pronounced indicators of diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle were: E/A, LVMI (men); the size of the left atrium and the end-diastolic size of the left ventricle are increased in all clinical groups. The prognostic value of biomarkers of fibrosis and remodeling of galectin-3 and MMP-9, and NT-proBNP in the progression of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension in combination with extracardial diseases is shown.

Conclusion. There is no doubt that in case of hypertension, the decompensation of long-term hypertrophic myocardium is based on a violation of the balanced growth of its various structures and the formation of fibrosis and myocardial dystrophy, which was confirmed in the present study. The detected elevated levels of MMP-9, galectin-3 and NT-proBNP, as well as ultrasonic signs of myocardial remodeling, confirmed that they statistically significantly affect the progression of atrial fibrillation. In this regard, a personalized approach to a patient with atrial fibrillation in combination with comorbid pathology is required, especially in middle-aged people at the stage of comorbidity formation, under the conditions of received diagnostic information on the electrical function of the heart and assessment of the functional capabilities of CVS during its transition to various levels of functioning.
Use of combination of olmesaratan with lercanidipine for endothelial dysfunction correction in patient with essential hypertension
Authors: Zimnitskaya O. V. , Petrova M. M.
Published: December 2019

The clinical case of essential hypertension patient pharmacotherapy using the combination of olmesartan with lercanidipine was described in the article. The authors evaluated the effect of this combination not only on the degree of lowering blood pressure, but also on the levels of markers of endothelial dysfunction such as sPECAM-1 and copeptin. Pharmacotherapy with this combination of medicines was carried out for 28 weeks. It was found that in this patient the combination of olmesartan with lercanidipine led to the achievement of the blood pressure target level and decrease the level of sPECAM-1 by 2.5 times, and the level of copeptin by 5 times compared with the initial levels before treatment. Thus, the authors concluded that the combination of olmesartan and lercanidipine not only leads to the normalization of blood pressure, but also reduces the severity of endothelial dysfunction, which underlies the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
Features of comorbidity in patients with hypertensive crisis
Authors: Orlova N. V. , Chuprakova A. Yu.
Published: December 2019

The article presents the definition of comorbid pathology and the role of comorbidity in the prognosis of diseases. Comorbidity in patients with arterial hypertension and its effect on the course of the disease are considered. Based on the results of the study, an analysis was made of the prevalence of concomitant diseases in patients with hypertensive crisis, as well as the gender characteristics of the prevalence of concomitant diseases.
Problems of differential diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome at prehospital stage in patients without ST segment elevation (literature review)
Authors: Plavunov N. F. , Kharitonov A. A. , Shtegman O. A. , Kadyshev V. A. , Sidorov A. M.
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the issues of prehospital diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation. A large number of errors that worsen the outcomes of the disease and the difficulties associated with the overload in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome in emergency departments are indicated. The experience and prospects of studying the prehospital use of markers of myocardial necrosis are evaluated.
Activity of respiratory chain complexes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells as marker of mitochondrial dysfunction in acute cardiovascular pathology
Authors: Mishura L. G. , Gaikovaya L. B. , Rodionov G. G. , Dadali V. A.
Published: December 2019

Mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities were determined by spectrophotometric enzyme assay in lymphocytes of 100 patients with acute myocardial infarction. A significant decrease in the activity of complexes II–III and IV and an increase in the activity of complex I of the respiratory chain were found. According to the correlation analysis, the feedback of troponin T and I concentrations in the serum and the activity of complex IV of the respiratory chain was detected. A decrease in the activity of the IV complex of the mitochondrial lymphocyte respiratory chain below 2.87 IU/g of protein indicates an increased level of clinical risk in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Analytical review of 10-year work of intensive care unit of Moscow’s Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 52
Authors: Podkorytova O. L. , Yakovleva I. I. , Vetsheva M. S. , Loss K. E. , Tkachenko N. Ya. , Nazarova I. N.
Published: December 2019

The intensive care unit for nephrological patients is the first such intensive care unit in the Russian Federation and is unique in its specificity. The main task of the ICU department No. 2 is to provide an intensive care complex aimed at restoring and maintaining the vital functions of organs and systems in patients with kidney diseases of various origins, as well as in patients after kidney allotransplantation. The department is equipped with the most advanced equipment for the treatment of multi-organ pathology, including therapeutic plasma exchange, therapeutic plasmapheresis and double cascade plasma filtration.
Positive water balance and consequences for water-electrolyte metabolism in patients with polytrauma
Authors: Orlov Yu. P. , Govorova N. V. , Neifeld M. S. , Gorst I. A.
Published: December 2019

Objective. To assess the effect of a three-day positive water balance (PWB) during infusion therapy on the level of blood plasma electrolytes (sodium, chlorine), hematocrit, the concentration of total hemoglobin and the influence of the studied factors on patient survival in the intensive care unit.

Materials and methods. In 47 patients with polytrauma who had multiple organ dysfunction and signs of systemic inflammation, using non-parametric analysis, the ROC-curve method, logistic regression, and relative risk analysis, we studied the effect of PWB on sodium and chlorine metabolism, hematocrit, total hemoglobin concentration and evaluated their relationship with treatment outcome. The subjects were divided into two groups: I — surviving patients whose PWB level for three days was less than 3,000 ml (n = 28) and II — the died (n = 19) whose PWB level for three days was more than 3,000 ml.

Results. The average value of sodium for three days was significantly higher in patients of group II: 140.267 ± 3.713 mmol/l against the patients (138.067 ± 2.515 mmol/l; p = 0.020906) of group I. By the end of three days, the level of total hemoglobin was statistically significantly lower in group II (101.89 ± 18.27 g/l) than in group I (120.30 ± 21.70 g/l); p < 0.000025. The hematocrit index was also significantly lower in patients of group II (29.40 ± 4.85 %) than in group I (34.30 ± 6.03 %); p < 0.000034.

Conclusion. At a PWB level of three days over 3,000 ml, there is an increase in blood sodium with a tendency to hypernatremia, a hemodilution effect with a decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit. A negative effect of PWB on water-electrolyte metabolism, an acid-base state, the disorders of which cause an increased risk of death, is observed several times more often in patients with excess PWB (more than 3,000 ml in three days) than among patients with lower PWB (less than 3,000 ml for the same period).
Moscow ambulance station. From origin to modern times
Authors: Plavunov N. F. , Kadyshev V. A. , Sidorov A. M. , Rozhenetskiy A. N. , Verkhoturova L. F.
Published: December 2019

This article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Ambulance and Medical Emergency Care Station n. a. A. S. Puchkov in Moscow. Alexander Sergeyevich Puchkov, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Honored Doctor of the RSFSR, steadily led her from 1923 to 1952. The data presented in the articles of Mr. Puchkov served as the basis for comparing indicators about the station’s activities during its formation and the modern ambulance and emergency medical services in Moscow. Some features, characteristics and conditions for the provision of emergency and emergency medical care in Moscow in the year 1926 are shown. So, for example, the number of brigades increased by 68.7 times (from 15 in 1926 to 1,031 in 2018). The average time of arrival of the brigade for an accident both in 1926 and in 2018 is 10–12 minutes long. The share of calls by ambulance teams to children under 15 years of age has also increased significantly. The analysis of performance over the years has made it possible to trace the development of the ambulance station from the time of its creation to the present day. The fundamental principles laid down by Alexander S. Puchkov remain in the ambulance work at the present time. Doctors and paramedics of ambulance and emergency medical care teams continue to promptly provide medical care to all those in need, guided by many provisions that were developed and implemented over 90 years ago.
Modern approaches to laboratory diagnostic of microspherocytic anemia
Authors: Asatryan T. T. , Zenina M. N. , Gaikovaya L. B.
Published: December 2019

Diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis, as the most common form of membranopathy, is improved, thanks to advances in biotechnology and the presence of a large number of modern automatic analyzers. All this leads to a reduction in the number of patients with undiagnosed hereditary spherocytosis and a decrease in the incidence of complications. However, despite the improvement of various methods of evaluation of red blood cells, some difficulties in the diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis remain. In this study, the authors developed an algorithm for the laboratory diagnosis of anemias microperimetry that will allow patients with high probability of hereditary spherocytosis differential diagnosis with other types of hemolytic anemia.
Informativeness of cytokine profile in predicting complications in patients with myocardial infarction on background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Naumov A. V. , Saroyants L. V. , Prokofyeva T. V. , Polunina O. S. , Polunina E. A.
Published: December 2019

Objective.To determine the information content of the cytokine profile (IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-6) in predicting complications in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) against the background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Materials and methods.In 85 people were examined: 28 patients with myocardial infarction, 37 patients with comorbid pathology (MI + COPD) and 20 somatically healthy volunteers as a control group. Determination of IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-6 levels was basing on enzyme immunoassay.

Results.When assessing the cytokine profile in patients with MI and MI against the background of COPD, the most pronounced differences between groups of patients were observed in the levels of IL-6. Analyzing the association of the level of IL-6 with the presence of early complications of MI, it was found that the level of IL-6 in patients with complicated MI was significantly higher than in patients with uncomplicated course. The highest level of IL-6 was recorded in the subgroup of patients with complicated myocardial infarction during COPD. Studying the levels of IL-6 depending on the type of complications of myocardial infarction showed that the highest values of IL-6 were recorded in the group of comorbid patients with cardiogenic shock and pulmonary edema.

Conclusion.When determining the cytokine status in patients with myocardial infarction on the background of COPD, the level of IL-6 should be considered as the main indicator. This cytokine can be considered a marker of left ventricular that developed in the acute period in patients with myocardial infarction on the background of COPD.
Relationship of profiles of antinuclear antibodies and cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Aleksandrova E. N. , Novikov A. A. , Verizhnikova Zh. G. , Panafidina T. A. , Lukina G. V.
Published: December 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by pathological activation of the innate and acquired immune response, the formation of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and dysregulation of cytokine production. Objective: to study the relationship of ANA and cytokine profiles in patients with SLE using multiplex immune analysis (MIA) of these biomarkers. We examined 94 patients with SLE (SLICC diagnosis criteria, 2012) and 28 healthy donors. Profiles of ANA and cytokines in blood serum were determined on the basis of suspension microarray technology xMAP. In SLE, antibodies to dsDNA (52.1 %), nucleosomes (54.3 %) and SS-A/Ro (37.2 %), less often to Sm (28.7 %), RibP (14, 9 %), RNP-70 (13.8 %) and SS-B/La (11.7 %). Disease activity (SLEDAI-2K) positively correlated with the concentration of antibodies to dsDNA (r = 0.6), nucleosomes (r = 0.7), Sm (r = 0.4) and RibP (r = 0.3) (p < 0.05). In the sera of patients with SLE, an increase in the levels of IL-4, -6, -8, -12, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1β, RANTES and a decrease in the content of IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-9, IL-10, eotaxin, G-CSF, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, TNF-α, FGF, PDGF-BB, VEGF compared to donors (p < 0.05). An increase in the concentration of IP-10 and MCP-1 was associated with high disease activity (r = 0.4; r = 0.3; p < 0.05), hyperproduction of antibodies to dsDNA (r = 0.3), nucleosomes (r = 0.5), Sm (r = 0.5), SS-B/La (r = 0.3), RibP (r = 0.4) (p < 0.05) and antibodies to Sm (r = 0.3), SS-B/La (r = 0.3), RibP (r = 0.3) (p < 0.05), respectively.

Conclusion: the formation of ANA and high activity of SLE are associated with the overexpression of chemokines IP-10 and MCP-1 induced by IFN.
Features of methods of glomerular filtration rate estimation
Authors: Volkova I. A. , Savina M. I.
Published: December 2019

A decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an earlier sign of detection of chronic kidney diseases compared to an increase in urea and blood creatinine concentrations. It is impossible to measure the glomerular filtration rate directly. GFR is determined by calculating the concentration of blood creatinine or by measuring the clearance of endogenous creatinine. The work shows the influence of methods for the determination of creatinine on the results of the calculation of glomerular filtration rate and terms for the correct choice of method of measuring glomerular filtration rate in different clinical situations associated with chronic kidney disease.
Sepsis and acute kidney injury as two-way street: values of biomarkers
Authors: Velkov V. V.
Published: December 2019

The brief review, dedicated to Septic Acute Injury (S-AKI) — the syndrome simultaneously corresponding to criteria of sepsis and acute kidney Injury. Sepsis or AKI are diagnosed 30–50 % of critical patients. Sepsis is promoting the developing of AKI and AKI is promoting the development of sepsis. Morbidity and lethality in S-AKI is higher than that is sepsis and in AKI separately. The main mechanisms of the development of: a) AKI in sepsis — the toxic septic blood containing huge amounts of proinflammatory factors damage the renal tubules resulting tubular disfunction; b) sepsis in AKI — uremia is damaging distal organs and functions of immune systems which provoke sepsis development. For early diagnostics of S-AKI in patients admitting in critical care units the simultaneous measurements and monitoring of sepsis and kidney biomarkers are to be made. The problems of such measurements is that AKI decreases the clearance of septic markers and their levels are increasing in noninfectious conditions. From the other hand in septic conditions inflammation can increase the levels of renal markers independently of renal pathologies. In general in sepsis, AKI and in S-AKI the increased levels of sepsis markers reflect simultaneously severity of infectious inflammation and of renal disfunction, and kidney markers reflect simultaneously severity of renal disfunction and of infectious inflammation. The correction of cut-off values of septic markers used for S-AKI diagnostics must be based on the degree of severity of renal disfunction in critical patients.
On importance of correct interpretation of complete blood count
Authors: Sokolova N. A. , Savina M. I. , Shokhina O. S.
Published: December 2019

We would like to present the case the manifestation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 2-year-old and 11-month child was treated with antiviral therapy during several month. We retrospectively analyzed hemogram’s values of the child and the importance of correct and timely interpretation of complete blood count is once again evidently demonstrated.
Method of digital navigation for dental implantation using single drill
Authors: Aleshin D. S. , Dolgalev A. A. , Zelensky V. A. , Kutsenko A. P.
Published: December 2019

The method is given that in laboratory conditions allows you to create plastic templates made by 3D-printing. For planning a digital prototype of these patterns, computed tomography, laser surface scan of the dentition, as well as a number of computer programs are used, the use of which in the treatment of tooth loss allows you to accurately determine the implant placement area. This navigation is based on the principle of using one drill. The application of this method in the clinic will significantly improve the quality of implantology treatment, to obtain more predictable and long-term results.
Secondary Sjögren's in patients with systemic scleroderma
Authors: Selifanova E. I. , Esayan M. S.
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study was to investigate the morphological differences of the minor salivary glands in patients with secondary Sjögren's syndrome associated with systemic scleroderma (Scl-SS). Total of 40 patients were grouped according to the American–European Consensus Group criteria. Information about the duration of the disease was taken from the patients records. Sections of the minor salivary gland biopsy were reevaluated, and the lymphocyte focus score (FS), plasma cell focus, and fibrosis rates were all evaluated. The groups were formed according to the duration of the disease: less than and over 5 years.

Results. Scl-SS leads to changes in both in the large salivary glands and in the MSG, manifested in the form of mucoid swelling, fibrinoid changes, hyalinosis and sclerosis. In patients with Scl-SS the progression of the process leads to the destruction of the duct wall and to the focal and diffuse lymphoid infiltration.
Thermographic signs of spastic type cerebral palsy in 4–7 years old children: protocol and data analysis
Authors: Volovik M. G. , Sheiko G. E. , Kuznetsov A. N.
Published: December 2019

31 children at the age of 4–7 years with two spastic forms of cerebral palsy (G80.1 and G80.2) with the degree of motor dysfunction of levels 1 and 2 according to GMFCS were examined using IR thermal imaging. For the first time, the temperature distribution on the limbs and its dynamics in response to the dosed motor load on the spastic muscle groups are described in detail. For the group of patients with hemiparesis characterized by asymmetry of temperature on the limbs associated with the side of the lesion, and for the group with diplegia — the inversion of the normal proximal-distal gradient, most pronounced in the segments of the shin / foot and shoulder / forearm and less in the forearm / wrist, and abnormally high temperature difference on the back between the thoracic and lumbar regions. Moderate physical activity leads to the enhancement of thermal anomalies due to the additional reduction of the temperature in the projection of the affected muscles and strengthen the pathological symptoms. Knowledge of the skin thermal reactions in the projection of these muscles in response to motor tests opens up a potential opportunity to use the method in assessing the results of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with cerebral palsy.
Prognosis of outcomes of surgical treatment of colorectal cancer among older patients
Authors: Kochanov D. A. , Ter-Ovanesov M. D. , Gaboyan A. S. , Kukosh M. Yu.
Published: December 2019

The percentage of older adults with colorectal cancer has been increased. It is a worldwide trend. We proved a necessity of using special predictive scales Charlson, CR-POSSUM, ACPGBI and use of Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) as a part of preoperation eximination among older adults. This approach is improved outcomes of surgical treatment and increased the number of patients undergoing radical cancer therapy.
Three-phase scintigraphy in evaluation of preoperative chemotherapy of soft tissue sarcomas of extremities
Authors: Shchipakhina Ya. A. , Krylov A. S. , Kochergina N. V. , Rotobelskaya L. E. , Bludov A. B. , Nered A. S. , Fyodorova A. V.
Published: December 2019

Purpose. To determine the diagnostic value of threephase scintigraphy in the evaluation of the preoperative chemotherapy of soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities on different diagnostic stages. Material and methods. We analyzed the data of 76 patients with extremity soft tissue sarcomas. The study included data from 28 patients who underwent three-phase scintigraphy with Technetril 99mTc. Scintigraphic data before and after neoadjuvation chemotherapy were analyzed in 16 patients, before and during chemotherapy — in 6 patients, only during chemotherapy — in 1 and only after all courses of chemotherapy — in 5 patients. Results. The sensitivity of the method (prediction of grade III–IV pathologic response) was 100 %, specificity (prediction of grade I–II pathologic response) was 87%. The predictive value of positive and negative results was 63 and 100%, respectively. Conclusion. A three-phase scintigraphy with Technetril 99mTc is a highly informative method for evaluating the effectiveness of preoperative chemotherapy in patients with sarcomas of soft tissues of the extremities.
Extracellular DNA in oncological and other diseases related to apoptosis disorder
Authors: Vasilyeva I. N. , Bespalov V. G. , Semyonov A. L. , Tochilnikov G. V.
Published: December 2019

Results are presented of own studies of extracellular DNA (exDNA) in experiment of animals with transplanted ovarian cancer, after exposure to ionizing radiation, with benign prostatic hyperplasia, clinical studies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and with acute disorders of cerebral circulation. The possibilities of exDNA determination for minimally invasive diagnostics in oncological diseases, formation of risk groups, monitoring of diseases, studying mechanisms of action and individual sensitivity to drug therapy are considered.
Capabilities of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis
Authors: Borsukov A. V. , Buyeverov A. O. , Tikhankova A. V.
Published: December 2019

The pilot results of the contrast — enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) application in the liver parenchyma assessment are presented in this article. 65 people aged 37 to 69 years were examined, 41 of them (63 %) with chronic viral hepatitis and 24 people (37 %) with established diagnosis of liver cirrhosis as the outcome of viral hepatitis. All patients underwent multiparametric ultrasound examination: ultrasound of the liver in B — mode, color Doppler’s mapping of liver vessels, 2D — Shear Wave Elastography (2DSWE) and CEUS. Liver biopsy and D — Shear Wave Elastography (2DSWE) were used as the reference method.
Clinical case of pulmonary embolism in a patient with eosinophilic phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kаrnаushkinа M. А. , Dаnilov R. S.
Published: December 2019

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. Exacerbations of COPD is considered an independent risk factor for pulmonary embolism (PE). PE is also significant problem of modern medicine, because mortality in PE remains at a high level. Exacerbations of COPD are heterogeneous as by etiology as by phenotype of the inflammatory response. It is presents the clinical case of PE in patient with acute exacerbation of COPD with eosinophilic phenotype of inflammation. It was the presence of a floating venous thrombus in the patient, which could become a source of repeated PE at any time. The patient underwent endovascular intervention — thrombus fragmentation and thromboaspiration. Given the signs of eosinophilic inflammation, systemic glucocorticosteroids have also been prescribed. The result of the intervention was a regression of respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension.
Odstraszanie jako element strategii bezpieczeństwa Izraela
Authors: Harkot Michał
Published: December 2019

The geopolitical location of Israel in the Middle East region is extremely
unfavorable. As a result, Israeli policymakers were forced to develop
a comprehensive mechanism of responding in relation to real or potential
threats. Currently, one of these mechanisms is focused on deterring. It should
be noted that in the context of Israeli security policy, in recent years initiatives
devoted to prevention have started to play a decisive role. According to the Israeli security strategy, deterrence should be connected with three elements:
a credible threat of conducting by Israel forces offensive retaliatory actions,
the extension of armed forces and seeking to reduce resources and development
opportunities in the context of groups hostile to Israel. Taking into account
current political events in the Middle East, I will try to point out the essence
of the Israeli deterrence doctrine
Evolution of war. Issues of variability or invariance of Nature and Character of War
Authors: Chapodze Kakhaber
Published: December 2019

The study of the nature and character of the war has probably been the
subject of research since the first organized clash between the two opposing
groups. My purpose in this paper is to elaborate on specific aspects
of evolution of nature and character of war. First, based on the analysis
of different theories of study of war and warfare, which includes
examination of how warfare has evolved over a long history, analyzing
important issues related to evolution of war, consider different considerations
specifically what was and is the catalyst for changes in the character of war
vs. unchanging nature of war. It is important to analyze the evolution of
warfare, regard to revolutions in military affairs and the analysis of four
generations of war. Revolutions in the military affairs have analyzed the issue
in three directions: technological development, doctrinal innovations, and
orga-nizational adaptations, which have been an essential process in light
of developments taking place in chronological order throughout the world.
Four Generations War Analysis is catalysts for change to understand the real
drivers of the generational shift. The discussion of the fourth generation
of war leads to the important issue what we today call the dilemmas posed by
modern warfare, which brought war into the abstract dimension. Military
theorists such as Martin van Creveld, Mary Kaldor, and Max Boot, have
analyzed and saw the nature and character of war from a new prism, but to
this day abstract nature of war “fog of war” remain unexplained, unresolved
issue for modern military theorist
Preeklampsiye Sekonder Posterior Reversible Ensefalopati Sendromu (PRES): Olgu Sunumu
Authors: MİNİKSAR Ökkeş Hakan , YÜCEL Aytaç , AYDOĞAN Mustafa Said , KAYA Füsun , TOĞAL Türkan
Published: December 2019

Posterior
reversible ensefalopati sendromu (PRES) baş ağrısı, değişken mental bozukluk,
epilepsi ve görme bozukluğu ile karakterize olup sıklıkla ani olarak yükselen
ve kompanse edilemeyen arter basıncına bağlı olarak gelişir  ve tanı klinik ve radyolojik olarak
konulabilir. Bu hastalarda beyaz cevher ile birlikte gri cevher
tutulumunun da olması nedeniyle 1996 yılında ilk olarak tanımlanan Posterior
Reversibl Lökoansefalopati yerine günümüzde PRES terimi kullanılmaktadır. PRES’in
erken teşhisi ve tedavisi oldukça önemlidir. Aksi takdirde kalıcı beyin
hasarına ve kronik epilepsi gibi nöro­lojik sekellere neden olabilir. Bu
makalede, preeklampsi ön tanısı olan 36 haftalık bir gebede postpartum dönemde klinik ve 
nöroradyolojik bulguları ile PRES tanısı konulan olgu sunulmaktadır.
Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis, A Rare Cause of Male Breast Mass
Authors: DEMİRLİ ATICI Semra , SALİMOĞLU Semra , GÜL Gülen , AYDIN Cengiz
Published: December 2019

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a chronic benign inflammatory disorder of the breast which  is extremely rarely seen in male patients, and the prognosis is not well known mainly due to  limited cases reported in the literature. A 76- year -old male patient presented with nipple discharge and a palpable painless lump in his right breast for one month. Breast ultrasonography showed a 19x11 mm size of a mass which has components solid hypoechoic, irregular shape. A presumptive diagnosis of breast carcinoma due to imaging methods and the core biopsy which was unclear, simple mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed. The patient was discharged uneventfully on the second postoperative day. The histopathological findings supported the diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatosis mastitis. Male granulomatous mastitis which reported in the literature has unclear pathogenesis. It will  be necessary to accumulate more case reports about GM in order to define risk factors and   optimizing the treatment.
Coworking Spaces in the Global South: Local Articulations and Imaginaries
Authors: Tintiangko Jeremy , Soriano Cheryll Ruth
Published: December 2019

Building on scholarly explorations on the nuances of labor conditions in emerging knowledge economies in the Global South and the glocalization of the digital labor market, this paper examines how coworking spaces in Philippines are designed and organized. In particular, we explore the role that these alternative workspaces take in addressing the unique needs of local digital platform workers or online freelancers. The Philippines ranks third, after the US and India, among the countries with the greatest number of online freelancers. Drawing from a multi-sited ethnography of coworking spaces in Metro Manila including interviews with coworking space managers as well as Filipino online freelancers, the paper explores how the latter perceive the role and experience the value of coworking spaces. Echoing Oreglia and Ling’s notion of “digital imagination,” we find that digital workers sustain a unique sense of “aspirational belonging” to coworking spaces which we describe as a state of willingness to maintain a positive perception of these spaces without any certainty of realizing its promised benefits. We also argue that the very same qualities that render coworking spaces aspirational for online Filipino freelancer function to regulate a degree of in/exclusivity of urban spaces.
Between “World Class Work” and “Proletarianized Labor”: Digital labor imaginaries in the global South
Authors: Soriano Cheryll Ruth , Cabañes Jason Vincent
Published: December 2019

This paper attempts to avoid both overly optimistic and pessimistic accounts of the ‘on-demand’ global economy and of ‘platform labor’ in the Global South. It instead considers both how the socio-cultural and economic complexities of the worker environment might drive the attractiveness of this form of labor and how histories of colonialism might make local employment and upward mobility less of a viable option for workers from the Global South. Drawing from in-depth interviews and analysis of multiple texts circulating in online freelance forums, Facebook groups, and ‘freelancer’ events, we look at how freelance workers and platform managers enacted and articulated classed and colonial digital labor imaginaries. We identify three such interconnected imaginaries and label them as follows: that of ‘distinction,’ ‘transcendence,’ and ‘flexibility’. In fleshing out these digital labor imaginaries, we discuss the role of virtual spaces, online communities, and the influencers who help push these imaginaries within the digital platform. And in exploring digital labor in the context of its socio-political and cultural embeddedness, we aim to show how workers constituted a sense of self and agency while being embedded in aspirations that were fraught at best and false at worst.
Do Asylum-seekers Respond to Policy Changes? Evidence from the Swedish-Syrian Case
Authors: Andersson Henrik , Jutvik Kristoffer
Published: December 2019

This paper uses quasi-experimental evidence to understand how changes in asylum policy affect the number of asylum-seekers. We look specifically at a sudden, regulatory change in the Swedish reception of Syrian asylum-seekers. The change took place in September 2013 and implied that all Syrian asylum-seekers would be granted permanent instead of temporary residence permits. Using high-frequency data and an interrupted time-series set-up, we study the extent to which this change caused more Syrian citizens to apply for asylum in Sweden. The paper provides several new insights: Our estimates show a clear increase in the number of asylum applications in Sweden after the policy change. The increase had implications for the distribution of Syrian asylum-seekers in Europe, but only in the short term. Also, the change caused a shift in the share of adult men arriving without a household member, and consequently in the share of refugees applying for family reunification.
DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN PAJAK ROKOK DAN INTERCEPT DAU TERHADAP DEFISIT DJS KESEHATAN
Authors: Luthfi Niar Afdhal
Published: December 2019

The deficit experienced by Health Social Security Fund (Dana Jaminan Sosial/DJS) Kesehatan encourages the Government to look forward to the alternative policies that are focused on efforts to strengthen DJS Kesehatan revenues and expenditure efficiency. In 2018, the Government implemented policies of the obligation to use the Cigarette Tax and General Allocation Fund (DAU) intercept (for local government who have National Health Security (JKN) arrears to cover the DJS Kesehatan deficit. The purpose of this study is to see the effectiveness of the obligation to use cigarette tax and DAU intercept in reducing the DJS Kesehatan deficit. The method used is a comparative descriptive method with a quantitative approach using secondary data and information from BPJS Kesehatan. From the analysis, we found that the policy of using cigarette tax and DAU intercept is not effective enough in overcoming the DJS Kesehatan deficit. The other impact is the potency to increase the number of Regional Health Security (Jamkesda) participants registered within the regional government and increase the compliance of regional governments in paying JKN contributions.
ANALISIS DAMPAK EKONOMI INVESTASI INFRASTRUKTUR : PENDEKATAN MODEL KOMPUTASI KESEIMBANGAN UMUM
Authors: Wijaya Nararia Sanggrama , Wardhana Wisynu , Simanullang Adventus Parulian Van Tua , Sumarna Ryan Ardany , Iksanuddin Akhmad
Published: December 2019

This paper discusses the impacts of infrastructure investment funded by state budget through PSN (Proyek Strategis Nasional/ National Strategic Project) on economic. It applies Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (DCGE). The analysis was conducted through two simulations. First, it estimated the effects of PSN on certain macroeconomic indicators i.e. household consumption, private investment, export, and import. In addition, it also assessed the effects of each type infrastructure project on macroeconomic indicators. The analysis combined data from Indonesia Statistics on Indonesia Input Output Table (2010) and Indonesia Socio-economic Accounting Matrix (2008). The result shows that PSN 2015-2023 promotes Indonesia real GDP growth from 0.04 to 0.09 percentage point with the highest impact on 2024 and 2027. Furthermore, based on the investment categories, road and bridge investment are the instrument with the highest effect on GDP growth, employment, and poverty eradication. However, the majority of infrastructure project put pressure on the trade deficit, except telecommunication and energy (oil refinery). Those two sectors could narrow the trade deficit in the long term.
Effect of Light Intensity on Rooting and Growth of Hydroponic Strawberry Runner Plants in a LED Plant Factory
Authors: Zheng Jianfeng , Ji Fang , He Dongxian , Niu Genhua
Published: December 2019

To rapidly produce strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Benihoppe) transplants from cuttings, suitable light intensities for unrooted runner plants at the rooting stage and rooted runner plants at the seedling stage were determined in a plant factory under LED lighting. At the rooting stage, unrooted runner plants at the 3-leaf stage were hydroponically rooted for 6 days under light intensity of 30, 90, 150, and 210 μmol m−2 s−1, respectively. At the seedling stage, rooted runner plants were hydroponically grown for 18 days under light intensity of 90, 180, 270, and 360 μmol m−2 s−1, respectively. The tube LED lights consisting of white and red LED chips were used as sole light source, and photoperiod was controlled as 16 h d−1. The results showed that the maximum root number (7.7) and longest root length (14.8 cm) of the runner plants were found under 90 μmol m−2 s−1 at the rooting stage. Photosynthetic activity in runner plant leaves under 90 μmol m−2 s−1 were higher than that under 30, 150, and 210 μmol m−2 s−1. Higher light intensity at the range of 90–270 μmol m−2 s−1 increased the stomatal conductance of newly formed leaves of rooted runner plants, thus improving the net photosynthetic rate and growth of rooted runner plants at the seedling stage. The crown diameter, shoot and root dry weights, and root to shoot ratio of rooted runner plants increased by 9.7%, 38.8%, 106.1%, and 48.7%, respectively, when the light intensity increased from 90 to 270 μmol m−2 s−1. However, there was no further improvement of runner plant growth under 360 μmol m−2 s−1. Furthermore, no significant difference of increased dry biomass per mole of photons delivered was found between 180 and 270 μmol m−2 s−1. In consideration of transplant quality and economic balance, light intensity of 90 μmol m−2 s−1 at the rooting stage and 270 μmol m−2 s−1 at the seedling stage were suggested for rapidly producing hydroponic strawberry transplants based on unrooted runner plants in the LED plant factory.
Glyphosate as a Tool for the Incorporation of New Herbicide Options in Integrated Weed Management in Maize: A Weed Dynamics Evaluation
Authors: Loureiro Iñigo , Santin-Montanyá Inés , Escorial María-Concepción , García-Ruiz Esteban , Cobos Guillermo , Sánchez-Ramos Ismael , Pascual Susana , González-Núñez Manuel , Chueca María-Cristina
Published: December 2019

A farm-scale investigation was conducted to evaluate the potential impact of integrating glyphosate into different weed management programs when cultivating herbicide-tolerant maize in central Spain from 2012 to 2014. The weed management programs were (1) a conventional weed management with pre- and post-emergent herbicide applications, (2) a weed management program in which the number and total amount of conventional herbicides applied were reduced, and (3) three weed management programs that comprised either two post-emergent applications of the herbicide glyphosate, or only one glyphosate application combined with pre- and/or post-emergent herbicides. Weed density throughout each cropping season was greater in those weed management programs that did not include a pre-emergence application of herbicides than those that did. Moreover, none of the weed management programs affected the richness and species diversity of the weeds or reduced yields. Although the impact of the different programs was similar in terms of weed species diversity, the composition of the weed community differed and this effect must be considered when providing agroecosystem services. Our results indicate that glyphosate-tolerant maize provides an additional tool that allows integrated weed control of the weed populations without reducing yields.
Fire Risks Associated with Combine Harvesters: Analysis of Machinery Critical Points
Authors: Val-Aguasca Jesús P. , Videgain-Marco María , Martín-Ramos Pablo , Vidal-Cortés Mariano , Boné-Garasa Antonio , García-Ramos F. Javier
Published: December 2019

Combine harvesters are an important cause of fires worldwide. The purpose of this work has been to investigate the critical points associated with the risk of fire, identified through a survey distributed to combine owners in Aragon (Spain). Information was collected on the technical characteristics of the machines and, when appropriate, on the characteristics of the generated fires (crop, use of straw chopper, point in which the fire was originated, etc.). Based on the survey data, relationships between the characteristics of the machine and the ignition of a fire were analyzed, and the points of the harvester in which the fire originated were investigated. A statistically significant relationship of fire risk was only found with the number of hectares harvested, in such a way that the risk would be especially high for machines with more than 6000 accumulated ha. 32% of the fires were originated in the engine zone, compared with 31% in the cutting bar and 18% in the bearings and belts. The study was completed with on-site temperature measurements carried out on nine machines in 2018 and 2019, in which temperatures above 250 °C were recorded in the exhaust manifold and in the cutting bar. These temperatures exceeded the ignition thresholds obtained in the flammability studies conducted for wheat residues collected from the harvesters.
Effect of Long-Term Cropping Systems on the Diversity of the Soil Bacterial Communities
Authors: Mayer Zoltán , Sasvári Zita , Szentpéteri Viktor , Pethőné Rétháti Beatrix , Vajna Balázs , Posta Katalin
Published: December 2019

Soil microbial communities are involved in the maintenance of productivity and health of agricultural systems; therefore an adequate understanding of soil biodiversity plays a key role in ensuring sustainable use of soil. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of different cropping systems on the biodiversity of the soil bacterial communities, based on a 54-year field experiment established in Martonvásár, Hungary. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) fingerprinting technique was used to assess soil bacterial diversity and community structure in maize monoculture and three different crop rotations (maize–alfalfa, maize–wheat and the maize–barley–peas–wheat Norfolk type). No differences in richness and diversity were detected between maize monoculture and crop rotations except for the most intense rotation system (Norfolk-type). Although the principal component analysis did not reveal a clear separation between maize monoculture and the other rotation systems, the pairwise tests of analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) revealed that there are significant differences in the composition of bacterial communities between the maize monoculture and maize–alfalfa rotation as well as between wheat–maize and Norfolk-type rotation.
Influence of Different Photoperiod and Temperature Regimes on Growth and Bulb Quality of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Cultivars
Authors: Atif Muhammad Jawaad , Amin Bakht , Ghani Muhammad Imran , Hayat Sikandar , Ali Muhammad , Zhang Yumeng , Cheng Zhihui
Published: December 2019

Growth and bulb development in garlic is affected considerably by variations in photoperiod and temperature thereby influencing its morphology, physiology, and nutritive quality. Varied combinations of photoperiods and temperatures may influence the bulb development and quality, and can determine the suitability of a cultivar for a particular region. Experiments were conducted to study the impact of different photoperiod and temperature combinations on the growth, morpho-physiology, and nutritive quality of garlic bulb. Three garlic cultivars viz; G103, G024, and G2011-5 were exposed to different combinations of photoperiod (8 h/16 h, 10 h/14 h, 12 h/12 h, 14 h/10 h, 16 h/8 h (light/dark)) and temperature (20 °C/15 °C, 25 °C/18 °C, and 30 °C/20 °C). Results revealed that longer photoperiod (14 h or 16 h) and higher temperature (25 °C or 30 °C) treatments significantly improved the garlic bulbing imparting maximum bulb diameter, height, bulbing index, and the shortest growth period. Whereas, 12-h photoperiod had maximum bulb weight. In addition, total soluble solid (TSS), content of soluble protein, soluble sugar, total sugar, glucose, sucrose, fructose, starch, total phenols, and total flavonoids increased significantly because of 14-h photoperiod and 30 °C temperature condition, however exhibited decline with 8 h photoperiod and lowest temperature (20 °C). These alterations were related to bulb characteristics and bulbing index. Maximum plant standing height and pseudostem diameter of the garlic plant were observed at 20 °C. Additionally, plants under the combination of 14 h–30 °C had maximum fresh weight, bulb diameter, shortest growth period, maximum physiological and nutritive quality traits of the bulb, while as 12 h–30 °C combinations resulted in maximum bulb weight and 16 h–30 °C had maximum bulb height. Among cultivars cv. G103 showed best response to tested photoperiod and temperature combinations in terms of morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes studied, except for bulbing index which was maximum in cv. G024. Present study concludes the influence of photoperiod and temperature combinations on garlic growth and bulbing characteristics through the modulations induced in soluble protein, sugars, and phenolic compounds.