bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balancing Flexibility and Interference in Working Memory
Authors: Buschman Timothy J.
Published: June 2021

Working memory is central to cognition, flexibly holding the variety of thoughts needed for complex behavior. Yet, despite its importance, working memory has a severely limited capacity, holding only three to four items at once. In this article, I review experimental and computational evidence that the flexibility and limited capacity of working memory reflect the same underlying neural mechanism. I argue that working memory relies on interactions between high-dimensional, integrative representations in the prefrontal cortex and structured representations in the sensory cortex. Together, these interactions allow working memory to flexibly maintain arbitrary representations. However, the distributed nature of working memory comes at the cost of causing interference between items in memory, resulting in a limited capacity. Finally, I discuss several mechanisms used by the brain to reduce interference and maximize the effective capacity of working memory.
Upper airway effective compliance during wakefulness and sleep in obese adolescents studied via two-dimensional dynamic MRI and semiautomated image segmentation
Authors: Choy Kok Ren , Sin Sanghun , Tong Yubing , Udupa Jayaram K. , Luchtenburg Dirk M. , Wagshul Mark E. , Arens Raanan , Wootton David M.
Published: June 2021

This study investigated the dynamics of the upper airway at retropalatal and retroglossal sites during wakefulness and sleep by evaluating the effective compliance (EC) of each site and its correlation with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) using novel semiautomated image processing. AHI correlated significantly with retroglossal EC during sleep and change of retroglossal EC from wake to sleep. The results suggest EC as a promising noninvasive diagnostic marker for estimating the mechanical properties of various upper airway regions in patients with OSAS.
Design and Implementation of a Robust Convolutional Neural Network‐Based Traffic Matrix Estimator for Cloud Networks
Authors: Memon Rashida Ali , Qazi Sameer , Khan Bilal Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Recent research literature shows promising results by convolutional neural network‐ (CNN‐) based approaches for estimation of traffic matrix of cloud networks using different architectures. Although conventionally, convolutional neural network‐based approaches yield superior estimation; however, these rely on assumptions of availability of a large training dataset which is completely accurate and nonsparse. In real world, both these assumptions are problematic as training data size may be limited, and it is also prone to missing (or incomplete) measurements as well as may have measurement errors. Similarly, the 2‐D training datasets derived from network topology based may be sparse. We investigate these challenges and develop a novel architecture which can cater for these challenges and deliver superior performance. Our approach shows promising results for traffic matrix estimation using convolutional neural network‐based techniques in the presence of limited training data and outlier measurements.
Analytic Study of a Novel Color Image Encryption Method Based on the Chaos System and Color Codes
Authors: Kanwal Shamsa , Inam Saba , Cheikhrouhou Omar , Mahnoor Kinza , Zaguia Atef , Hamam Habib
Published: June 2021

Due to the growing of the use of Internet and communication media, image encryption is rapidly increased. Image sharing through unsafe open channels is vulnerable for attacking and stealing. For protecting the images from attacks, encryption techniques are required. Recently, new and efficient chaos‐based techniques have been suggested to develop secure image encryption. This study presents a novel image encryption framework based on integrating the chaotic maps and color codes. Three phases are involved in the proposed image encryption technique. Piecewise chaotic linear map (PWLCM) is used in the first phase for permuting the digital image. In the second phase, substitution is done using Hill cipher which is the mixing of color codes with the permuted image. The third phase is implemented by XORing, a sequence generated by the chaotic logistic map (CLM). The proposed approach enhances the diffusion ability of the image encryption making the encrypted images resistant to the statistical differential attacks. The results of several analyses such as information entropy, histogram correlation of adjacent pixels, unified average changing intensity (UACI), number of pixel change rate (NPCR), and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) guarantee the security and robustness of the proposed algorithm. The measurements show that the proposed algorithm is a noble overall solution for image encryption. Thorough comparison with other image encryption algorithms is also carried out.
Potential Adverse Consequences of Combination Therapy with Gabapentin and Pregabalin
Authors: Ghayur Muhammad Nabeel
Published: June 2021

Gabapentinoids comprise the medications gabapentin and pregabalin. These were designed to not only look chemically like the central inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) but also act like it. The prototype gabapentin was primarily introduced to be used as antiepileptic medication. Today, both chemicals are not only utilized as adjunct antiepileptics in focal (aware and impaired awareness) seizures but are also used in several neuropathic pain conditions and other clinical indications. Their use has skyrocketed in the past few years and this has brought forward more instances of adverse effects and errors in prescribing practices. We describe here a case of a female patient with a history of diabetes, diabetic neuropathy, and hypertension being prescribed both gabapentin and pregabalin concomitantly which led to adverse effects like drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, and ataxia. Once the patient medication profile was revisited, the pharmacy staff was able to identify the therapeutic duplications (gabapentin and pregabalin). The physician was contacted and pregabalin was discontinued. This led to the disappearance of the adverse effects. The dose of the existing gabapentin was increased to control the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. This report sheds light on the importance of responsible prescribing, efficient checking of medication profiles on the level of dispensing pharmacies, and timely follow-up to patients to keep the patients safe and their medical conditions under check.
Seepage Force and Its Direct Mechanical Effects in Hydrate-Bearing Porous Media
Authors: Zeng Lifeng , Shao Longtan , Guo Xiaoxia
Published: June 2021

The direct mechanical effects of seepage force on the behavior of hydrate-bearing porous media (HBPM) have often been neglected in previous studies, which may lead to inaccurate predictions of the mechanical behavior of HBPM under seepage conditions. Here, we propose an extended three-phase physical model for unsaturated HBPM, including gas, capillary water, and generalized solid skeleton (GSS). Based on the model, the force balance equations for the three phases are formulated. Performing a force analysis of generalized solid particles under seepage conditions, we find that the tangential force acting on the generalized solid particle is the seepage force in HBPM. By combining this finding with the formulated balance equations, we derive the expression for the seepage force, which can distinguish the mechanical effects between the tangential force and normal force. The stresses, induced by the tangential force (i.e., seepage force), are divided into two types: one acts on the cross sections of generalized solid particles and the other on the contacts between particles. Neither of them is transmitted through the GSS. The former mainly causes the particles themselves to compress, whereas the latter primarily influences the sliding of the particles at contacts. Based on the mechanisms of these two stresses, their effects on the mechanical behavior of HBPM are quantified, which provides a new insight to evaluate the direct mechanical effects of seepage force.
An Alternative Method for Long‐Term Monitoring of Thai Historic Pagodas Based on Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data: A Case Study of Wat Krachee in Ayutthaya
Authors: Mahasuwanchai Peerasit , Athisakul Chainarong , Sairuamyat Phasu , Tangchirapat Weerachart , Leelataviwat Sutat , Chucheepsakul Somchai
Published: June 2021

This article presents an alternative method for the long‐term monitoring of heritage pagodas in Thailand. In this method, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is used in combination with permanent survey markers. The Wat (temple) Krachee in the Ayutthaya Province of Thailand was chosen as a case study. This temple has several fantastic elements, including an inverted bell‐shaped pagoda, two intertwined trees growing within it, and a chamber inside the pagoda. The preservation team working on the pagoda encountered a challenging problem and faced a decision to trim or not to trim the tree since it has a long‐term effect on the pagoda’s structural stability. A high‐accuracy terrestrial laser scanner was used to collect three‐dimensional point cloud data. Permanent survey markers were constructed in 2018 to be used in long‐term monitoring. The 3D surveying of the temple and the monitoring of the pagoda were carried out in five sessions during a period ending in 2020. A point cloud data analysis was performed to obtain the current dimensions, a displacement analysis, and the pagoda leaning angle. The results revealed that the terrestrial laser scanner is a high‐performance piece of equipment offering efficient evaluation and long‐term monitoring. However, in this study, permanent survey markers were also required as a benchmark for constraining each monitoring session. The 3D point cloud models could be matched with the assumption model elements to evaluate the damaged shape and to determine the original form. The significant elements of an inverted bell‐shaped pagoda were investigated. Trimming the tree was found to cause the leaning angle of the pagoda to decrease. An equation was developed for predicting the leaning angle of the Wat Krachee pagoda for preservation and restoration planning in the future. From the results of this study, it is recommended that periodic monitoring should continue in order to preserve Thai pagodas in their original forms.
[Retracted] Multimodal Sensor Motion Intention Recognition Based on Three‐Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Wen Mofei , Wang Yuwei
Published: June 2021

With the development of microelectronic technology and computer systems, the research of motion intention recognition based on multimodal sensors has attracted the attention of the academic community. Deep learning and other nonlinear neural network models have a wide range of applications in big data sets. We propose a motion intention recognition algorithm based on multimodal long‐term and short‐term spatiotemporal feature fusion. We divide the target data into multiple segments and use a three‐dimensional convolutional neural network to extract the short‐term spatiotemporal features. The three types of features of the same segment are fused together and input into the LSTM network for time‐series modeling to further fuse the features to obtain multimodal long‐term spatiotemporal features with higher discrimination. According to the lower limb movement pattern recognition model, the minimum number of muscles and EMG signal characteristics required to accurately recognize the movement state of the lower limbs are determined. This minimizes the redundant calculation cost of the model and ensures the real‐time output of the system results.
High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Component of the Metabolic Syndrome with a New Role in Lung Function
Authors: Wang Faxuan , Tian Di , Zhao Yi , Li Jiangping , Chen Xiyuan , Zhang Yuhong
Published: June 2021

Background. A considerable uncertainty exists about the relationship between adult metabolic syndrome (MS) and obstructive lung disease (OLD), perhaps owing to systemic inflammation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between MS (with its components) and the patterns of lung function impairment. Methods. The participants in this study were 3978 adults aged 30-78 years from the baseline cohort of the Ningxia Cohort Study. The participants underwent pulmonary function tests, questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and analysis of blood specimens. Results. No significant difference in the prevalence of OLD was observed between male (15.9%) and female (14.2%) participants. After adjusting for possible confounding factors (e.g., age and family income), impaired lung function was found to be related to some MS components, such as abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (all

P
<
0.05

). Conclusions. As an important component of MS, abdominal obesity is related to impaired lung function. Surprisingly, this study found that increased HDL-C levels could accelerate the decline of lung function; it also suggests that in the presence of different metabolic health conditions, especially abdominal obesity and low levels of HDL-C, various metabolic indicators should be comprehensively considered to prevent the decline of lung function. This partly explains the increase in the incidence of two or more chronic diseases. Therefore, the prevention of chronic diseases should shift from single-disease prevention to a comprehensive consideration of multi-disease prevention in the future. Therefore, a more sensitive evaluation of the role of HDL-C in lung function is warranted.
Optimization of Building Exit Layout: Combining Exit Decisions of Evacuees
Authors: Ma Guofeng , Wang Yuqi , Jiang Shan
Published: June 2021

Exits are essential to the efficiency of building evacuation due to its irreplaceable function, and the layout of multiple exits has always been the key concern for architectural design. To accurately evaluate the evacuation efficiency of different multiexit layouts and optimize the design rules, a dynamic exit decision model integrating an exit selection strategy and the social force model is developed to simulate the practical evacuation. And our proposed model outperforms the original social force model in terms of evacuation efficiency. Accordingly, different layouts are analyzed for evacuation in a single room with two exits. The analysis results reveal that evacuation time will be improved with the changes of exit locations and two parallel exits are validated as the most efficient layout among the three common categories. Affected by walking time and queuing time of evacuees, it is not conducive to evacuation whether the separation of two exits is too large or too small. Furthermore, an even symmetry is found more efficient than an asymmetric distribution of exits under some conditions. This work provides a basis for architectural designs of multiple exits and a foundation for further study of evacuation simulation.
Comparing Asset Pricing Factor Models under Multivariate t-Distribution: Evidence from China
Authors: Sun Xi , Chen Yihao , Chen Yulin , Lou Zhusheng , Tao Lingfeng , Zhang Yihao
Published: June 2021

Factor models provide a cornerstone for understanding financial asset pricing; however, research on China’s stock market risk premia is still limited. Motivated by this, this paper proposes a four-factor model for China’s stock market that includes a market factor, a size factor, a value factor, and a liquidity factor. We compare our four-factor model with a set of prominent factor models based on newly developed likelihood-ratio tests and Bayesian methods. Along with the comparison, we also find supporting evidence for the alternative t-distribution assumption for empirical asset pricing studies. Our results show the following: (1) distributional tests suggest that the returns of factors and stock return anomalies are fat-tailed and therefore are better captured by t-distributions than by normality; (2) under t-distribution assumptions, our four-factor model outperforms a set of prominent factor models in terms of explaining the factors in each other, pricing a comprehensive list of stock return anomalies, and Bayesian marginal likelihoods; (3) model comparison results vary across normality and t-distribution assumptions, which suggests that distributional assumptions matter for asset pricing studies. This paper contributes to the literature by proposing an effective asset pricing factor model and providing factor model comparison tests under non-normal distributional assumptions in the context of China.
Calculation and Analysis of the Source Term of the Reactor Core Based on Multivariate Analysis of Variance
Authors: Zhou Tao , Xu Peng , Qi Tian , Qin Xuemeng , Chen Juan , Fu Zhongguang
Published: June 2021

The calculation of the core source term is affected by various factors, such as fuel consumption, enrichment, specific power, and operation mode. The activity of lanthanides, fission products, and the photon source strength were calculated using the ORIGEN program. The weights of each factor were calculated by multivariate analysis of variance. The results show that the radioactivity of actinides and fission products increased with the increase in fuel consumption. As enrichment increased, the radioactivity of fission products and actinides decreased. The radioactivity of fission products and actinides increased linearly with the change in specific power, with a correlation coefficient of 1. The changes in fuel consumption and enrichment have little effect on low-energy photons, but significantly affected high-energy photons. The change in specific power has little effect on the photon generation of different energy groups. The operation mode has little effect on the radioactivity of the nucleus and fission products. Multivariate analysis of variance shows that specific power is the most influential factor, followed by enrichment; the least influential factor is fuel consumption.
Investigation of the Time Behavior of the Second-Order Coherence Function of a Tunable Single-Photon Source
Authors: Ahmadian Azadeh , Malekfar Rasoul
Published: June 2021

Single-photon sources are critical optical components in quantum communication, in particular, for security applications. One of the essential parameters that define these sources is the magnitude of the second-order coherence function, whose investigation reveals the state of the emitted photon. In this study, we indicate that the second-order coherence function varies over time when using two lasers and preparing coherent population trapping. The calculation is based on solving the master equation to find the density matrix corresponding to the emission dynamics and provide the second-order coherence function. The changes of the second-order coherence function can be estimated and the system behavior regarding photon emission can be predicted by solving the master equation based on the parameters obtained from the experimental results of a nitrogen vacancy (NV) in a diamond. Here we report, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, that the state of the emitted photons persists in the strong interaction of the aforementioned process. As using two lasers is a familiar method for controlling the single-photon source and the stability of the source is an essential point in a quantum network, this study can be considered to develop quantum network components such as memory and on-demand single-photon sources. Also, it suggests a method for tuning photon statistics while controlling the photon states.
Construction and Validation of a Macrophage-Associated Risk Model for Predicting the Prognosis of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Xiao Kang-Wen , Liu Zhi-Bo , Zeng Zi-Hang , Yan Fei-Fei , Xiao Ling-Fei , Li Jia-Li , Cai Lin
Published: June 2021

Background. Osteosarcoma is one of the most common bone tumors among children. Tumor-associated macrophages have been found to interact with tumor cells, secreting a variety of cytokines about tumor growth, metastasis, and prognosis. This study aimed to identify macrophage-associated genes (MAGs) signatures to predict the prognosis of osteosarcoma. Methods. Totally 384 MAGs were collected from GSEA software C7: immunologic signature gene sets. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis was performed between normal bone samples and osteosarcoma samples in GSE99671. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to identify prognostic MAGs in TARGET-OS. Decision curve analysis (DCA), nomogram, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and survival curve analysis were further used to assess our risk model. All genes from TARGET-OS were used for gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Immune infiltration of osteosarcoma sample was calculated using CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE packages. The independent test data set GSE21257 from gene expression omnibus (GEO) was used to validate our risk model. Results. 5 MAGs (MAP3K5, PML, WDR1, BAMBI, and GNPDA2) were screened based on protein-protein interaction (PPI), DGE, and survival analysis. A novel macrophage-associated risk model was constructed to predict a risk score based on multivariate Cox regression analysis. The high-risk group showed a worse prognosis of osteosarcoma (

p

 < 0.001) while the low-risk group had higher immune and stromal scores. The risk score was identified as an independent prognostic factor for osteosarcoma. MAGs model for diagnosis of osteosarcoma had a better net clinical benefit based on DCA. The nomogram and ROC curve also effectively predicted the prognosis of osteosarcoma. Besides, the validation result was consistent with the result of TARGET-OS. Conclusions. A novel macrophage-associated risk score to differentiate low- and high-risk groups of osteosarcoma was constructed based on integrative bioinformatics analysis. Macrophages might affect the prognosis of osteosarcoma through macrophage differentiation pathways and bring novel sights for the progression and prognosis of osteosarcoma.
Experimental Investigation on the Mixture Ratio and Diffusion Performance of Grouting Materials for Water Bursting Prevention in Coal Mines
Authors: Lian Huiqing , Yi Haiyang , Dai Zhenxue , Yang Junwen , Ji Zhenxing , Han Ruigang , Meng Lu , Yang Yi
Published: June 2021

Grouting is a common and important technique for water bursting prevention in coal mines; the success of grouting in coal mines depends highly on the flowability of grouting materials and the strength of the hardened body as well. In this paper, a series of performance tests, in terms of the water‐cement ratio, viscosity, drainage rate, presetting time, final setting time, compressive strength, and permeability were conducted on the cement‐fly ash‐based grout at various mixture ratios. The evolution of these performances versus different mixture ratios was analyzed; targeting at the reasonable flowability and hardened strength of grouting materials, an optimized mixture ratio was recognized for water bursting prevention in coal mines. Furthermore, the diffusion experiments of optimized grout material were designed taking into account the influence of confining and hydraulic pressure in the porous medium. As a result, the confining and hydraulic pressures have a linear negative correlation with the diffusion distance of grout materials. These results have guiding significance to water bursting prevention in coal mines.
New Stability Criterion for Fractional-Order Quaternion-Valued Neural Networks Involving Discrete and Leakage Delays
Authors: Li Bingjun , Tang Bingnan
Published: June 2021

In the current work, we are devoted to the issue of uniform stability of fractional-order quaternion-valued neural networks involving discrete and leakage delays. Making use of the contracting mapping theory, we prove that the equilibrium point of the involved fractional-order quaternion-valued neural networks exists and is unique. Taking advantage of mathematical analysis strategy, a sufficient criterion involving delay to verify the global uniform stability for the considered fractional-order quaternion-valued neural networks is set up. Computer simulation figures are displayed to sustain the rationality of the established conclusions. This study generalizes and supplements the research of Xiu et al. (2020).
Channel Measurement for Multiple Frequency Bands in Subway Tunnel Scenario
Authors: Hu Zhuomin , Ji Wenli , Zhao Hengkai , Zhai Xuping , Saleem Asad , Zheng Guoxin
Published: June 2021

In next-generation radio communication systems, the use of higher frequency bands and the massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems has turned into hot research topics because they have the potential to increase network capacity significantly by exploiting the available narrowband and broadband spectrums. Therefore, the narrowband channel measurements are executed at the following five potential frequency bands, including 2.6 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 5.6 GHz, 10 GHz, and 28 GHz in the Shanghai subway tunnel environment in order to fulfill the latest standards of fifth generation (5G). Moreover, in the broadband channel measurements, the center frequency is 3.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz and the bandwidth is considered as 160 MHz, respectively. At the transmitter (Tx) side, a uniform rectangular antenna array composed of 32 elements is fixed on the platform near the tunnel walls. The receiver (Rx) is equipped with a uniform cylindrical antenna array consisting of 64 elements, which is set on a trolley along the track. Based on the acquired massive MIMO channel impulse responses, delay spread, angle spread, eigenvalue and channel capacity are analyzed. The results reveal that the multipath delay in the tunnel scenario is quite short, the delay spread and angle spread drop rapidly as the distance between Tx and Rx increases and the channel matrix gradually becomes serious. This research provides a reference for the deployment of future 5G systems in the subway tunnel.
Upregulation of FGF9 in Lung Adenocarcinoma Transdifferentiation to Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ishioka Kota , Yasuda Hiroyuki , Hamamoto Junko , Terai Hideki , Emoto Katsura , Kim Tae-Jung , Hirose Shigemichi , Kamatani Takashi , Mimaki Sachiyo , Arai Daisuke , Ohgino Keiko , Tani Tetsuo , Masuzawa Keita , Manabe Tadashi , Shinozaki Taro , Mitsuishi Akifumi , Ebisudani Toshiki , Fukushima Takahiro , Ozaki Mari , Ikemura Shinnosuke , Kawada Ichiro , Naoki Katsuhiko , Nakamura Morio , Ohtsuka Takashi , Asamura Hisao , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Hayashi Yuichiro , Hegab Ahmed E. , Kobayashi Susumu S. , Kohno Takashi , Watanabe Hideo , Ornitz David M. , Betsuyaku Tomoko , Soejima Kenzo , Fukunaga Koichi
Published: June 2021

Transdifferentiation of lung adenocarcinoma to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been reported in a subset of lung cancer cases that bear EGFR mutations. Several studies have reported the prerequisite role of TP53 and RB1 alterations in transdifferentiation. However, the mechanism underlying transdifferentiation remains understudied, and definitive additional events, the third hit, for transdifferentiation have not yet been identified. In addition, no prospective experiments provide direct evidence for transdifferentiation. In this study, we show that FGF9 upregulation plays an essential role in transdifferentiation. An integrative omics analysis of paired tumor samples from a patient with transdifferentiated SCLC exhibited robust upregulation of FGF9. Furthermore, FGF9 upregulation was confirmed at the protein level in four of six (66.7%) paired samples. FGF9 induction transformed mouse lung adenocarcinoma-derived cells to SCLC-like tumors in vivo through cell autonomous activation of the FGFR pathway. In vivo treatment of transdifferentiated SCLC-like tumors with the pan-FGFR inhibitor AZD4547 inhibited growth. In addition, FGF9 induced neuroendocrine differentiation, a pathologic characteristic of SCLC, in established human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Thus, the findings provide direct evidence for FGF9-mediated SCLC transdifferentiation and propose the FGF9–FGFR axis as a therapeutic target for transdifferentiated SCLC.

Significance:

This study demonstrates that FGF9 plays a role in the transdifferentiation of lung adenocarcinoma to small cell lung cancer.
FDA Approval Summary: Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Tumor Mutational Burden–High Solid Tumors
Authors: Marcus Leigh , Fashoyin-Aje Lola A. , Donoghue Martha , Yuan Mengdie , Rodriguez Lisa , Gallagher Pamela S. , Philip Reena , Ghosh Soma , Theoret Marc R. , Beaver Julia A. , Pazdur Richard , Lemery Steven J.
Published: June 2021

The FDA approved pembrolizumab on June 16, 2020, for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic tumor mutational burden–high [TMB-H; ≥10 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb)] solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-approved test, that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. FDA granted the approval based on a clinically important overall response rate (29%; 95% confidence interval, 21–39) and duration of response (57% of responses lasting ≥ 12 months) in the subset of patients with TMB-H solid tumors (n = 102) spanning nine different tumor types enrolled in a multicenter single-arm trial (KEYNOTE-158). The efficacy of pembrolizumab was supported by the results of whole-exome sequencing (WES) analyses of TMB in additional patients enrolled across multiple pembrolizumab clinical trials, and a scientific understanding of the effects of PD-1 inhibition. Overall, the adverse event profile of pembrolizumab was similar to the adverse event profile observed in prior trials that supported the approval of pembrolizumab in other indications. This approval of pembrolizumab is the first time that the FDA has approved a cancer treatment for an indication based on TMB, and the fourth based on the presence of a biomarker rather than the primary site of origin.
Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Melanoma – The New Frontier
Authors: Menzies Alexander M. , Scolyer Richard A. , Long Georgina V.
Published: June 2021

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is gathering pace, particularly in melanoma. A recent study of pembrolizumab and HDI not only further supports the safety and activity of neoadjuvant anti–PD-1 based immunotherapy but also highlights neoadjuvant therapy as a solid platform for drug development that is likely to become a standard-of-care in the near future.

See related article by Najjar et al., p. 4195
Zika Virus Infection Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report
Authors: Santi Lucélia , Riesgo Rudimar S. , Quincozes-Santos André , Schuler-Faccini Lavínia , Tureta Emanuela F. , Rosa Rafael L. , Berger Markus , Oliveira Avessandra C.C. , Beltrão-Braga Patrícia C.B. , Souza Diogo O. , Guimarães Jorge A. , Beys-da-Silva Walter O.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The aim of this case was to investigate the association of the Zika virus infection in utero with the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as clinical outcome that presented no congenital anomalies. Methods: ASD was diagnosed in the second year of life by different child neurologists and confirmed by DSM-5 and ASQ. After that, an extensive clinical, epidemiological, and genetic evaluations were performed, with main known ASD causes ruled out. Results: An extensive laboratorial search was done, with normal findings. SNP array identified no pathogenic variants. Normal neuroimaging and EEG findings were also obtained. ZIKV (Zika virus) IgG was positive, while IgM was negative. Other congenital infections were negative. The exome sequencing did not reveal any pathogenic variant in genes related to ASD. Conclusion: Accordingly, this report firstly associates ZIKV exposure to ASD.
A comparative analysis of image copy-move forgery detection algorithms based on hand and machine-crafted features
Authors: Taha Ahmed Ismail , Tareq Hammad Baraa , Jamil Norziana
Published: June 2021

Digital image forgery (DIF) is the act of deliberate alteration of an image to change the details transmitted by it. The manipulation may either add, delete or alter any of the image features or contents, without leaving any hint of the change induced. In general, copy-move forgery, also referred to as replication, is the most common of the various kinds of passive image forgery techniques. In the copy-move forgery, the basic process is copy/paste from one area to another in the same image. Over the past few decades various image copy-move forgery detection (IC-MFDs) surveys have been existed. However, these surveys are not covered for both IC-MFD algorithms based hand-crafted features and IC-MFDs algorithms based machine-crafted features. Therefore, The paper presented a comparative analysis of IC-MFDs by collect various types of IC-MFDs and group them rely on their features used. Two groups, i.e. IC-MFDs based hand-crafted features and IC-MFDs based machine-crafted features. IC-MFD algorithms based hand-crafted features are the algorithms that detect the faked image depending on manual feature extraction while IC-MFD algorithms based machine-crafted features are the algorithms that detect the faked image automatically from image. Our hope that this presented analysis will to keep up-to-date the researchers in the field of IC-MFD.
Data communication for drone-enabled internet of things
Authors: S. Aldeen Yousra Abdul Alsahib , Abdulhadi Haider Mohammed
Published: June 2021

Internet of things (IoT) is one of the prominent emerged technology of interconnected devices for people convenient and smart services. Recent advancement in this area caused various new challenges especially deployment of infrastructure. In order to fulfill the network requirements, the dynamic and dedicated drone networks have designed as a cost effective and flexible solution. The technologies of IoT and drone are emerged to collect, forward the data for further process. Data communication among drones and IoT infrastructure is new area of research where various different existing protocol are used. However, still this area need attention due to mobility of drones, obstacles and interferences in these networks. This paper proposes a Drone enabled Data Communication for Internet of Things (DDC-IoT) as a data communication solution for IoT networks, data collection centers and drones. The proposed data commination solution is tested in simulation to analyze its performance especially for real time critical applications in terms of data throughput and data delay.
An improved flower pollination solution for economic dispatch with valve point effect
Authors: Kamboh Muhammad Iqbal , Mohd Nawi Nazri , Bt. Mohamad Radiah
Published: June 2021

The economic dispatch is used to find the best optimal output of power generation at the lowest operating cost of each generator, to fulfill the requirements of the consumer. To get a practical solution, several constraints have to be considered, like transmission losses, the valve point effect, prohibited operating region, and emissions. In this research, the valve point effect is to be considered which increases the complexity of the problem due to its ripple effect on the fuel cost curve. Economic load dispatch problems are well-known optimization problems. Many classical and meta-heuristic techniques have been used to get better solutions.  However, there is still room for improvement to get an optimal solution for the economic dispatch problem. In this paper, an Improved Flower Pollination Algorithm with dynamic switch probability and crossover operator is proposed to solve these complex optimization problems.  The performance of our proposed technique is analyzed against fast evolutionary programming (FEP), modified fast evolutionary programming (MFEP), improved fast evolutionary programming (IFEP), artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC), modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) and standard flower pollination algorithm (SFPA) using three generator units and thirteen thermal power generation units, by including the effects of valve point loading unit and without adding it. The proposed technique has outperformed other methods in terms of the lowest operating fuel cost.
Improvement of power transfer efficiency of hexagonal coil arrays in misalignment conditions
Authors: Franky Devano Sianturi Tigor , Hidayat Taufik , Alaydrus Mudrik
Published: June 2021

Wireless charging by transferring energy between two objects using electromagnetic fields commonly called Wireless power transfer is an alternative technology that is physically installed in an electric vehicle (EV) to charge. Parking alignment is a very important factor in driver behavior that affects Power transfer efficiency (PTE). The proposed hexagonal coil array design in this experiment is to optimize PTE and receiver coil size. The experimental results show that PTE in the tangential boundary plane Misalignment increases by 5-10% when compared to coil array circles and increases by 82% when compared to single coil circles. 
An efficient NSCE algorithm for multi-objective reactive power system compensation with UPFC
Authors: Belazzoug Messaoud , Chanane Abdallah , Sebaa Karim
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes a novel approach based on the NSCE (elitist non dominated sorting cross entropy), for the optimization of the location and the size of a flexible AC transmission system device (FACTS) namely: unified power flow controller (UPFC) to achieve the optimal reactive power flow (ORPF). In the present work, the main objective is to minimize the real power losses, the cost investment of several UPFC and the deviation voltages using intelligent algorithms. The proposed study is multiobjective, in which, the power generator buses, the control voltages, the ratio tap changer of transformers and the reactive power injections from installed UPFC are considered as control variables. The proposed NSCE algorithm is validated on IEEE 30-bus test system. A comparison with elitist non dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and a regularity model-based multiobjective estimation of distribution algorithm (RM-MEDA) is done and completed with hybridization of them.
A new 2-D multi-stable chaotic attractor and its MultiSim electronic circuit design
Authors: Vaidyanathan Sundarapandian , Sambas Aceng , Mohamed Mohamad Afendee , Mamat Mustafa , Sanjaya W. S. Mada , Sudarno Sudarno
Published: June 2021

A new multi-stable system with a double-scroll chaotic attractor is developed in this paper. Signal plots are simulated using MATLAB and multi-stability is established by showing two different coexisting double-scroll chaotic attractors for different states and same set of parameters. Using integral sliding control, synchronized chaotic attractors are achieved between drive-response chaotic attractors. A MultiSim circuit is designed for the new chaotic attractor, which is useful for practical engineering realizations.
Exploiting non-orthogonal multiple access in device-to-device communication
Authors: Hoon Lee Sang , Young Shin Soo
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes an uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system with device-to-device (D2D) communication, enabling NOMA users to communicate with other users/devices using D2D communication to improve the system capacity. In the NOMA-D2D system, two cellular users communicated with the BS using uplink NOMA, and two cellular users simultaneously communicated with the D2D users using downlink NOMA. Closed-form solutions for the ergodic sum capacity of the proposed system are derived analytically. The analytical results are validated via simulations and they are compared with the results obtained from conventional schemes. The comparison shows that, in scenarios where efficient interference cancellation can be achieved, the proposed NOMA system with the D2D model can achieve higher capacity gains than conventional benchmark schemes. When  dB, NOMA-D2D achieves capacity gains of 192.2% and 157.5% over the conventional OMA and the time-sharing-based NOMA, respectively.
A review of codebook design methods for sparse code multiple access
Authors: Hussain Syed Aamer , Ahmad Norulhusna , Shayea Ibraheem , Mad Kaidi Hazilah , Abdul Latiff Liza , Mohamed Norliza , Mohd Sam Suriani
Published: June 2021

The progressions in telecommunication beyond the 5th generation have created a need to improve research drifts. The current 5G study has an important focus on non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology. sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is a promising technique within NOMA, enhancing the multi-user handling capability of next-generation communication. In the SCMA sphere, codebook designing and optimisation are essential research matters. This study conversed with different codebook design practises existing in the literature, analysing them for numerous parameters, including bit error rate (BER), an optimisation technique, and channel settings. From the analysis, the paper presents the efficiency of different approaches. The article also discusses the prospects and challenges of SCMA optimisation in practical implementation in various domains.
Encapsulation of semantic description with syntactic components for the Arabic language
Authors: Al-Janabi Adel , Kareem Ehsan Ali , Al Sagheer Radhwan Hussein Abdulzhraa
Published: June 2021

The work presents new theoretical equipment for the representation of natural languages (NL) in computers. Linguistics: morphology, semantics, and syntax are also presented as components of subtle computer science that form. A structure and an integrated data system. The presented useful theory of language is a new method to learn the language by separating the fields of semantics and syntax.
Improved cloud radio access network based fair network model in internet pricing
Authors: Indrawati Indrawati , Maya Puspita Fitri , Wahyuni Desta , Yuliza Evi , Dwipurwani Oki
Published: June 2021

In this study, the pricing scheme that will be formed is a model from the previous research model involving model of cloud-radio access network (C-RAN) and fair network management models. This model combines the benefits of internet service provider (ISP) and service quality (QoS) obtained by internet users, one of which is fair network factors. The model used is a nonlinear equation and is solved by the LINGO 13.0 program to get the optimal solution. The results show that the pricing scheme with regard to service quality generates maximum revenue for ISPs. Based on the improved C-RAN model that are classified into 2 cases, the optimal results in the improved model, the optimal value is found in the pricing scheme in case 1 of by conducting numerical computation using  hotspot traffic from local server.
A multi-criteria assessment of decision support systems in educational environments
Authors: Alowaigl Amjad , A. Al-Shqeerat Khalil H. , Hadwan Mohammed
Published: June 2021

Decision support systems (DSS) are useful business intelligence (BI) tools as they help managers in large organizations make the best out of many decisions. Decisions are based on various types of raw data, models, documents, knowledge, and past experiences. This paper examines numerous criteria of decision support systems in the educational environment. Two effective methods were discovered and applied in this research, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and simple multi-attribute rating technique (SMART). These methods were selected due to their abilities to deal with complex decisional environments in general and widely used in practice for the educational environment in specific. The performance of methods is compared using two datasets called xApi-Education and IPEDS datasets. The obtained results based on the measurement of space complexity showed the level of convergence and similarity between these two methods. However, the experiments show that the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique outperformed the analytic hierarchy process in terms of accuracy, deviation, and time complexity measurement.
Sobre a tese de que a bivalência implica o determinismo causal, do estoicismo ao aristotelismo
Authors: Ferreira Paulo
Published: June 2021

According to Simplicius’ commentary on Aristotle’s Categories, the Platonic philosopher Claudius Nicostratus (fl. mid-2nd c. A.D.) challenges Aristotle’s claim in the Categories to the effect that statements about future contingents are neither true nor false. I argue that Nicostratus’ charge traces back to Chrysippus’ argument for causal determinism in Cicero’s De Fato and plays a significant role in motivating Ammonius’ and Boethius’ solution to the problem of future contingents.
Futuros contingentes: história de uma outra batalha
Authors: Zingano Marco
Published: June 2021

The problem of future contingents is examined here through the vantage point of another controversy, the one over which answer Aristotle should be credited with. Two answers are attributed to Aristotle. According to the first one, which is nowadays often referred to as the traditional answer, Aristotle argued that, to prevent determinism as the valid conclusion of the argument presented at the beginning of De interpretation 9, one has to deny the universal validity of the principle of bivalence; according to the other, Aristotle accepted the validity of the principle of bivalence, but averted the conclusion of determinism by introducing the notion of indefinite verum. Both answers are examined with a view to shedding some light on this chapter that has kindled so much discussion.
Modernidade e Identidade em Hóspede por Uma Noite, de Sh. I. Agnon
Authors: Gimenez Marian Gabani
Published: June 2021

Sh. I. Agnon ocupa um lugar muito particular na ficção hebraica moderna, tendo publicado a maior parte de seus romances em um período em que o pioneirismo e o modelo do hebreu novo eram centrais na literatura hebraica. Em lugar de aderir a essas estéticas ideológicas da época, Agnon analisa profundamente a situação do judeu europeu na Modernidade, em constante tensão entre a identidade religiosa e a étnico-nacional. O narrador de Hóspede por uma noite é um imigrante da Segunda Aliá que, entretanto, não reproduz nem o modelo do pioneiro, nem o do judeu desenraizado da literatura hebraica anterior à década de 1910. Ao contrário, como um profético “Observador da Casa de Israel”, parece apontar as rachaduras nos projetos modernizantes tanto na Europa quanto no futuro Estado de Israel.