bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Population Structure and Diversity of the Whitetail Dogfish Squalus albicaudus (Chondrichthyes, Squaliformes) along the Brazilian Coast as Identified by SNP Markers
Authors: Adachi Aisni M. C. L. , Roque Pollyana C. G. , Hazin Fabio H. V. , Vianna Marcelo , Rotundo Matheus M. , Oliveira Claudio , Foresti Fausto , Cruz Vanessa P.
Published: July 2023

The shark Squalus albicaudus, categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature red list as Data Deficient due to lack of minimal information for classification, is distributed throughout the Brazilian coast. High pressures such as overfishing and anthropic activities, as well as certain biological characteristics, including k strategists, comprise influential shark stocks reduction agents. However, genetic diversity, population structure, connectivity, and effective population size data are still limited for S. albicaudus, indicating the need for further studies. In this context, the genetic variability and population structure of S. albicaudus were investigated herein to test for panmixia. Samples were obtained from coasts of the Brazilian states of Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo along the species distribution range, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assessed by the ddRADseq method. The findings revealed a panmitic S. albicaudus population, explained by certain life strategies, such as polyandry and migratory behavior. Based on the genomic findings reported herein, a single S. albicaudus population should be considered in the study area, indicating the need for specific management and conservation plans at the regional scale.
Effects of Dietary Peppermint (Mentha piperita) Essential Oil on Growth Performance, Plasma Biochemistry, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Oxidative Stress Responses in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Aguiar Gustavo , Carneiro Cristiana , Campelo Daniel , Rusth Rafael , Maciel João , Baldisserotto Bernardo , Zuanon Jener , Oliveira Alexmiliano , Oliveira Maria , Freitas Mariella , Furuya Wilson , Salaro Ana
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation of peppermint essential oil (Mentha piperita; PEO) in diets for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A feeding experiment with diets containing graded levels (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g kg−1) of PEO was carried out with fish of 0.58 ± 0.08 g. The inclusion of graded levels of PEO in the diet improved the weight gain (0.52 g kg−1), feed intake (0.51 g kg−1), and feed conversion (0.51 g kg−1) of juvenile Nile tilapia in a quadratic pattern. Increasing levels of PEO also led to a linear decrease in body lipid content. The gut activity of the digestive enzymes amylase (0.54 g kg−1) and protease (0.39 g kg−1) increased quadratically, whereas lipase activity increased linearly. PEO increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT; 0.52 g kg−1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD; 0.58 g kg−1) while reducing the production of malonaldehyde (MDA; 0.40 g kg−1) and nitric oxide (NO; 0.63 g kg−1) in the liver. The results of this study provide evidence of the beneficial effects of PEO on the growth and health of Nile tilapia and recommend a dose of 0.6 g kg−1 as the optimal level of supplementation.
Enhancing Microsoft 365 Security: Integrating Digital Forensics Analysis to Detect and Mitigate Adversarial Behavior Patterns
Authors: Rich Marshall
Published: July 2023

This research article investigates the effectiveness of digital forensics analysis (DFA) techniques in identifying patterns and trends in malicious failed login attempts linked to public data breaches or compromised email addresses in Microsoft 365 (M365) environments. Pattern recognition techniques are employed to analyze security logs, revealing insights into negative behavior patterns. The findings contribute to the literature on digital forensics, opposing behavior patterns, and cloud-based cybersecurity. Practical implications include the development of targeted defense strategies and the prioritization of prevalent threats. Future research should expand the scope to other cloud services and platforms, capture evolving trends through more prolonged and extended analysis periods, and assess the effectiveness of specific mitigation strategies for identified tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs).
A Critical Review of the Proposed Hyperloop (Ultra-High-Speed Rail) Project between Mumbai and Pune and Its Broader Implications for Sustainable Mobility in Indian Cities
Authors: Premsagar Smriti , Kenworthy Jeffrey R.
Published: July 2023

This review paper examines the appropriateness of a hyperloop line between Mumbai and Pune in India, examining, in particular, its potential economic implications and impact on people. This assessment builds on an earlier in-depth examination by the authors of the key urban and transport planning, technical, environmental, economic and human factors surrounding the hyperloop technology. The current detailed analysis of hyperloop’s expected implications in the Mumbai to Pune corridor is based upon use of a wide variety of existing indicative data from many sources, which are sufficient to provide a very broad “first-step” reality testing of hyperloop’s suitability to India. It could be argued that this is precisely the kind of analysis that should have been conducted, or at least made public, prior to committing to hyperloop in India. The paper highlights many negatives concerning hyperloop’s construction and operation, including a very high capital cost compared to other needed urban transport infrastructure projects in India, a potential lack of patronage due to a range of factors and its potentially exclusive upper income patronage cohort. It is concluded that rather than making a costly mistake, India should address current urban mobility challenges and needs such as bus rapid transit (BRT) and metros in its innumerable cities, whose construction costs are vastly lower than the expected cost of a single hyperloop line. Technology, such as the hyperloop, would need time to mature and gain operational experience. Should any corridor be found suitable, there would still need to be a thorough, detailed benefit–cost analysis together with a dedicated examination of the technology’s broader urban planning implications and less tangible factors. Setting aside the ultimate worthiness of hyperloops, India would need to at least achieve certain preconditions before proposing or pursuing such systems in the country.
Efficacy of an Anticoagulation Clinic in Low-Income Brazilian Patients with Heart Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Martins Maria Auxiliadora Parreiras , Oliveira João Antonio de Queiroz , Ribeiro Daniel Dias , César Cibele Comini , Nobre Vandack Alencar , Palhares Daniel Moore Freitas , Rocha Manoel Otávio da Costa , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz Pinho
Published: July 2023

Anticoagulation clinics (ACs) have a greater impact on anticoagulation control than usual medical care (UMC). There is little evidence of the performance of AC in patients on warfarin living in low and middle-income countries. We sought to investigate the efficacy and safety of an AC in patients treated at a Brazilian public hospital. This was a randomized clinical trial that tested the efficacy of a recently implemented AC, compared to UMC, in outpatients with heart disease. The primary and secondary endpoints were time in the therapeutic range (TTR) and warfarin-related complications, respectively. Overall, 280 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to Group A: one year at an AC (A1: first half-year; A2: second half-year); and Group B: first half-year receiving UMC (B1) and second half-year being assisted at the AC (B2). The mean age was 56.8 ± 13.1 years, and most patients were female (54.6%). Above 68% of patients had limited reading capability. A1 demonstrated greater TTR (62.4 ± 20.8%) than B1 (55.1 ± 28.5%) (p = 0.014). Group B improved TTR from 55.1 ± 28.5% (B1) to 62.2 ± 23.1% (B2) (p = 0.008). Despite the underpowered analysis of safety, A1 exhibited a lower incidence rate (IR) per patient-year (p-y) of total bleeding than B1 (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.78; p = 0.041) and a reduction in intra-group comparisons (both groups: IRR 0.58; p < 0.001). AC care helped increase TTR in a low-income setting showing favorable performance in a distinct population of those evaluated by previous studies. Extending AC care to similar populations may improve the outcomes of warfarin use.
Numerical Simulations of Tank Sloshing Problems Based on Moving Pseudo-Boundary Method of Fundamental Solution
Authors: Wang Chengyan , Zou Yuanting , Huang Ji , Fan Chia-Ming
Published: July 2023

The moving pseudo-boundary method of fundamental solutions (MFS) was employed to solve the Laplace equation, which describes the potential flow in a two-dimensional (2D) numerical wave tank. The MFS is known for its ease of programming and the advantage of its high precision. The solution of the boundary value can be expressed by a linear combination of the fundamental solutions. The major issue with such an implementation is the optimal distribution of source nodes in the pseudo-boundary. Traditionally, the positions of the source nodes are assumed to be fixed to keep the set of equations closed. However, in the moving boundary problem, the distribution of source nodes may influence the stability of numerical calculations. Moreover, MFS is unstable in time iterations. Hence, it is necessary to constantly revise the weighting coefficients of fundamental solutions. In this study, the source nodes were free, and their locations were determined by solving a nonlinear least-squares problem using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. To solve the above least-squares problem, the MATLAB© routine lsqnonlin was adopted. Additionally, the weighting coefficients of fundamental solutions were solved as a nonlinear least-squares problem using the aforementioned method. The numerical results indicated that the numerical simulation method adopted in this paper is accurate and reliable in solving the problem of 2D tank sloshing. The main contribution of this study is to expand the application of the MFS in engineering by integrating it with the optimal configuration problem of pseudo-boundaries to solve practical engineering problems.
Optimization Model for Container Liner Ship Scheduling Considering Disruption Risks and Carbon Emission Reduction
Authors: Meng Lingpeng , Wang Xudong , Jin Jie , Han Chuanfeng
Published: July 2023

In the context of economic globalization and the development of information networks, container liner transportation plays a crucial role in international trade. However, the inherent inflexibility of fixed schedules in liner operations poses challenges to the decarbonization of shipping and the stability of liner networks. Therefore, this paper focuses on the impact of port disruptions on route operations, develops a mixed integer nonlinear programming model considering fuel costs, recovery costs, and carbon emissions, and designs a hybrid evolutionary algorithm to solve the proposed model. The research findings indicate that scheduling strategies based on increased vessel speed, the adjustment of port calling sequences, and transshipment leasing after port skipping can effectively reduce the recovery costs after disruption events while meeting freight demand. When a disruption duration is less than 96 h, acceleration strategies and the adjustment of the port calling sequence are favorable choices. When the disruption duration exceeds 96 h, transshipment leasing after port skipping is a feasible solution to ensure the on-time delivery of cargo. The shifting of disrupted port position restricts the selection of scheduling strategies, particularly for ports located at the intersections of routes, which incur higher recovery costs. The implementation of carbon taxes affects the overall operating costs of liner companies, and an appropriate carbon tax level can constrain carbon emissions and ensure the sustainable development of the shipping industry.
Examining Oral (Dis)Fluency in—uh– —Spanish as a Heritage Language
Authors: Cuartero Marina , Domínguez María , Pascual y Cabo Diego
Published: July 2023

Silence, self-interruptions, or hesitations in spontaneous speech are often interpreted as markers of oral disfluency as they lead to difficulties in delivering a message and in processing it. The main purpose of this study is to examine how such markers of discourse structure factor into the overall oral fluency of 58 US Spanish heritage language learners enrolled in Spanish classes at the college level. Participants were grouped according to age of onset of bilingualism (i.e., sequential or simultaneous) and the order in which they acquired each language (i.e., English first or Spanish first). After completing a semi-controlled oral production task, in both Spanish and English, breakdown pauses and repair pauses were extracted and then analyzed in terms of quantity, quality, and mean duration. Our findings revealed (i) that all groups produced shorter pauses in English, their dominant language; and (ii) that all experimental groups behaved very similarly in Spanish despite having had different experiences with bilingualism growing up. Albeit tentatively, given the sample size and the nature of the present study, we take these findings to suggest that type of heritage bilingualism and the order in which each language was acquired does not seem to play a significant role in terms of production of breakdown and repair pauses.
Advanced Lubrication Simulations of an Entire Test Rig: Optimization of the Nozzle Orientation to Maximize the Lubrication Capability
Authors: Concli Franco , Mastrone Marco N.
Published: July 2023

In the framework of the H2020 project IDERPLANE, aimed at providing innovative, effective, and validated criteria for the design and assessment of more reliable planet bearings for aerospace application analyzing the problem from a damage tolerance perspective, the present paper presents the numerical study and optimization of a test rig specifically designed for the experiments on the full-test article. Specifically, for the first time ever, an entire system including shafts, gears and bearings with all the rolling elements have been studied with a Finite Volume Computational Fluid Dynamics approach. This ambitious challenge was addressed with the implementation of a new mesh handling technique, namely the Global Remeshing Approach with Mesh Clustering (GRAMC). The aim was to optimize the lubrication of the test article to avoid unexpected failures during the experimental campaign. Three different oil jet directions have been studied and the most effective one, namely the axial one, was selected for the final test rig design.
The Influence of Phosphate-Ester-Based Additives on Metal Cutting Fluid Behavior during the Machining of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Ma Junhui , Mohammadi Javad , Gali Olufisayo A. , Riahi Reza A.
Published: July 2023

The behavior of four phosphate ester additives with varying levels of phosphorus concentrations (very high, high, medium, and low) was examined through the course of drilling a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy at a constant metal removal rate (4.2 mm3/s). Cutting fluid (CF) additives were evaluated using torque, specific cutting energy (SEC), and tool wear. The drilling conditions employed had a significant influence on the performance of the phosphate ester additives. At 0.105 m/s and 0.188 m/s, the phosphate ester with very high phosphorous levels possessed the lowest SCE and torque values. The high-phosphorous-level phosphate ester displayed enhanced drilling performance at 0.293 m/s. At 0.419 m/s, the SCE and torque performance of the medium-phosphorous-level phosphate ester was preferable. The drilling performance of the phosphorus esters was observed to be related to the working mechanisms of the additives, which, in turn, was associated with the formation of a phosphorus-rich tribolayer and an organophosphate tribolayer on the cutting blade.
Impact of Temperature Variation on Friction Behaviour of Rare Earth-Doped Diamond-like Carbon Coatings with Ionic Liquid Lubricants
Authors: Shaikh Shahsharif , Omiya Takeru , Cavaleiro Albano , Vilhena Luis , Ramalho Amilcar , Ferreira Fábio
Published: July 2023

This research paper investigates the tribological performance of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings doped with rare earth metals (europium and gadolinium) as well as pure DLC lubricated with ionic liquid additives (trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate {[P66614][DEHP]} and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethyl phosphate {[EMIM][DEP]}) in Polyalphaolefin 8 (PAO8). The study aims to examine the effect of temperature on the interaction between the coatings and additives by conducting tribological experiments using a block-on-disk setup at temperatures of 60 °C, 80 °C, and 100 °C. The primary objective is to evaluate the performance of doped DLC coatings compared to pure DLC coatings with ionic liquid additives in the lubricant in boundary lubrication conditions at various high working temperature environments. The experiments reveal that doped DLC coatings with ionic liquid additives exhibit superior tribological performance compared to pure DLC coatings. The rare earth metal dopants play a positive role in the formation of a tribofilm on the surface of the coatings as it interacts with ionic liquids, resulting in a lower coefficient of friction (CoF). Temperature influences the performance of the coatings and additives. The CoF increases with temperature for pure DLC coatings, while for doped DLC coatings it was significantly less. These findings highlight the influence of temperature on the tribological behavior of DLC coatings. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into the impact of rare earth metal dopants and ionic liquid additives on the tribological performance of DLC coatings under different temperature conditions. The results demonstrate the potential of utilizing doped DLC coatings with ionic liquid additives as an effective approach to enhance the performance of mechanical systems.
MicroRNAs as a Potential Biomarker in the Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Kramna Dagmar , Riedlova Petra , Jirik Vitezslav
Published: July 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in most developed countries. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly investigated molecules not only in CVD but also in other diseases. Several studies on miRNAs continue to reveal novel miRNAs that may play a role in CVD, in their pathogenesis in diagnosis or prognosis, but evidence for clinical implementation is still lacking. The aim of this study is to clarify the diagnostic potential of miRNAs in some CVDs.
Pharmacotherapy and Nutritional Supplements for Neovascular Eye Diseases
Authors: Rusciano Dario , Bagnoli Paola
Published: July 2023

In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the recent findings about the treatment of neovascular retinal diseases. The use of conventional drugs and nutraceuticals endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may support conventional therapies will be considered, with the final aim of achieving risk reduction (prevention) and outcome improvement (cooperation between treatments) of such sight-threatening proliferative retinopathies. For this purpose, we consider a medicinal product one that contains well-defined compound(s) with proven pharmacological and therapeutic effects, usually given for the treatment of full-blown diseases. Rarely are prescription drugs given for preventive purposes. A dietary supplement refers to a compound (often an extract or a mixture) used in the prevention or co-adjuvant treatment of a given pathology. However, it must be kept in mind that drug–supplement interactions may exist and might affect the efficacy of certain drug treatments. Moreover, the distinction between medicinal products and dietary supplements is not always straightforward. For instance, melatonin is formulated as a medicinal product for the treatment of sleep and behavioral problems; at low doses (usually below 1 mg), it is considered a nutraceutical, while at higher doses, it is sold as a psychotropic drug. Despite their lower status with respect to drugs, increasing evidence supports the notion of the beneficial effects of dietary supplements on proliferative retinopathies, a major cause of vision loss in the elderly. Therefore, we believe that, on a patient-by-patient basis, the administration of nutraceuticals, either alone or in association, could benefit many patients, delaying the progression of their disease and likely improving the efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs.
Immersion Ultrasound Therapy in Combination with Manual Therapy in the Treatment of Ischemic Digital Ulcers in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Scaturro Dalila , Moretti Antimo , Vitagliani Fabio , Guggino Giuliana , Tomasello Sofia , Lo Nardo Davide , Lauricella Lorenza , Iolascon Giovanni , Letizia Mauro Giulia
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives: Digital ulcers (DUs) are the most common complication in patients with Systemic Sclerosis (SSc). They cause pain with hand dysfunction and negatively impact activities of daily and working life. Our study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a combined treatment of manual therapy and ultrasound therapy in SSc patients with ischemic DU (IDU) compared to manual therapy alone. Materials and Methods: We conducted a before-and-after study (non-randomized study). We enrolled a consecutive series of IDU patients undergoing rehabilitation treatment and divided them into two groups: a treatment group consisting of patients undergoing a combination of manual therapy and US water immersion and a standard care group consisting of patients subjected to manual therapy alone. At the time of the first visit (T0) and at the end of the 4-week rehabilitation period (T1), we evaluated functional capacity, pain intensity, ulcer evolution, and quality of life. Results: In the treatment group, we observed a statistically significant improvement in the functional capacity of the hand (DHI: 28.15 ± 11.0 vs. 19.05 ± 8.83; p < 0.05), pain (NRS: 5.55 ± 1.2 vs. 2.9 ± 1.09; p < 0.05), and PSST score (24.4 ± 4.0 vs. 16.2 ± 2.36; p < 0.05). In the standard care group, we observed a statistically significant improvement only for the functional capacity of the hand (DHI: 28.85 ± 9.72 vs. 22.7 ± 7.68; p < 0.05). Finally, from the comparison between the treatment group and the standard care group, we observed statistically significant improvements in pain (2.9 ± 1.09 vs. 4.5 ± 1.07; p < 0.05) and in the PSST scale (16.2 ± 2.36 vs. 20.4 ± 4.02; p < 0.05). Furthermore, at the end of treatment in the treatment group, 15 ulcers (62.5%) were completely healed, while in the standard care group, only 3 ulcers were completely healed (14.3%). Conclusions: Combined treatment with manual therapy and ultrasound therapy appears to be useful in the management of IDU in patients with scleroderma.
Immunological and Histological Studies of Different Concentrations of Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris Extracts on Thymus Gland of Chick Embryos
Authors: Alzahri Reem Yahya , Al-Ghamdi Fawzyah Abdullah , Al-Harbi Seetah Saleem
Published: July 2023

Humanity has an ancient history of consuming medicinal plants for prophylaxis. Within hours, and even months, embryonic cells undergo several processes to form an organism. This study aimed to prove the positive or negative effects of using rosemary and thyme extract on the thymus gland and level of IL-10, IgM, and IgG in serum of chick embryos. The immunological effect was measured by histological and immunological studies. A total of 160 fertilized eggs were randomly distributed into 8 groups; on the 0 and 8th day of incubation, all treated groups received a dose of 0.1 mL/egg. On the 14th and 20th days of incubation, the embryos were sacrificed and the samples were collected (serum and thymus gland). The data were analyzed using ANOVA. Simple damage in thymic tissue with a low cell density in the embryos was treated with high concentrations of rosemary and thyme extracts, as well as in the mixed group. A significant decrease in IgM levels in the group treated by a high concentration of thyme. A decrease in IgG levels was found in the group treated with a high concentration of rosemary and in the mixed group, while the group treated with a high concentration of thyme and the mixed group showed decreases on the 14th day. A significant decrease in IL-10 levels was found on the 14th day, followed by an increase on the 20th day. Despite the benefits of rosemary and thyme, inflammation signs appeared on embryos treated with these herbs.
A Comparable icELISA and Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Sensitive and Rapid Detection of 4,4′-Dinitrocarbanilide in Chicken
Authors: Liang Qianxin , Chen Chen , Xu Wenqing , Zhang Ning , Yang Jielin , Song Wei , Cai Huimei , Hou Ruyan , Li Hongfang , Zhang Xiya
Published: July 2023

4,4′-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) is a key component and marker residue of nicarbazin, which forms residues in edible tissue and then causes nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in humans if used excessively. To simplify sample preparation and monitor the DNC rapidly and accurately, a comparable icELISA and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was developed in this study. Briefly, the reaction parameters were explored for improving the sensitivity of icELISA and LFIA. Under the optimal conditions, methanol was selected as the extracting solvent for DNC in chicken, and 20- and 10-fold dilutions of sample extraction eliminated the matrix effect for icELISA and LFIA, separately. After sample pretreatment, the analysis properties of icELISA and LFIA were compared. The limit of detection of icELISA for DNC was 0.8 μg/kg, and the visual and quantitative limits of detection of LFIA were 8 and 2.5 μg/kg. Compared with icELISA, LFIA showed lower sensitivity but obvious advantages in terms of matrix tolerance and detection time (within 15 min). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the developed assays satisfied the detection requirement even if using simple sample pretreatment. This comparable icELISA and LFIA provided mutual verifiability methods for the accurate detection of DNC in chicken.
FANTASTIC lifestyle questionnaire from 1983 until 2022: A review
Authors: Batista Patrícia , Neves-Amado João , Pereira Anabela , Amado João
Published: July 2023

Background: Studying lifestyles has always been important; quantifying them has become more complex. However, a questionnaire produced in 1983 has shown that its simple form of evaluation can be an added value in understanding lifestyles. Our aim is a systematic review of the scientific literature about the use of the FANTASTIC Lifestyle questionnaire (FLQ). Methods: The reflective systematic literature review on PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, and SCIELO databases with the descriptors "FANTASTIC Lifestyle questionnaire" OR "FANTASTICO questionnaire" OR "FANTASTIC questionnaire" OR "FANTASTIC survey" OR "FANTASTIC checklist". PRISMA criteria reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses were applied. The inclusion criteria were the use of FLQ instrument to measure lifestyles, presenting quantitative or qualitative results, and psychometric studies. It excluded other lifestyle instruments, incomplete articles, and non-English, Brazilian, Spanish, and Portuguese language articles. Results: Findings reveal 41 scientific articles included in the study. It analyzed the results and most studies use the instrument to assess all dimensions. However, some studies reported assessing specific dimensions such as nutrition, sleep, stress, tobacco, alcohol, and drugs. The questionnaire has been applied to a wide range of ages and literacy levels. Conclusion: This literature review allowed us to conclude that this questionnaire is still in use today and is applied in several contexts and populations. It is also possible to verify the relevance of its use and to design intervention strategies and programs for a healthy society. It is essential to draw attention to this issue and promote health literacy (HL) on this topic.
Social media for public health: Reaping the benefits, mitigating the harms
Authors: Jafar Zain , Quick Jonathan D. , Larson Heidi J. , Venegas-Vera Verner , Napoli Philip , Musuka Godfrey , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Meena Kolar Sridara , Kanmani T. Raju , Rimányi Eszter
Published: July 2023

With more than 4.26 billion social media users worldwide, social media has become a primary source of health information, exchange, and influence. As its use has rapidly expanded, social media has proven to be a "doubled-edged sword," with considerable benefits as well as notable harms. It can be used to encourage preventive behaviors, foster social connectivity for better mental health, enable health officials to deliver timely information, and connect individuals to reliable information. But social media also has contributed to public health crises by exacerbating a decline in public trust, deteriorating mental health (especially in young people), and spreading dangerous misinformation. These realities have profound implications for health professionals, social media companies, governments, and users. We discuss promising guidelines, digital safety practices, and regulations on which to build a comprehensive approach to healthy use of social media. Concerted efforts from social media companies, governments, users, public interest groups, and academia are essential to mitigate the harms and unlock the benefits of this powerful new technology.
Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Nonkeuangan di Indonesia
Authors: Azzahra Ridha , Lekok Widyawati
Published: July 2023

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence about the factors that affect firm value. This study aims to gather empirical evidence about whether institutional ownership return on assets, leverage, dividend policy, firm size, company productivity, and sales growth affect firm value. This study uses a population of non-finance companies that are listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the year 2019-2021. The selection sample in this study research was based on the purposive sampling technique with a total of 282 data samples used. This study uses a multiple regression model. The results of this study show that return on assets, leverage, and sales growth affect firm value. The greater the return on assets of a company, the more company has large assets that can be rotated to generate profits. If the greater leverage, the greater company wealth financed with debt, that company has an increased ability to manage resources, so that investors give more trust to the company. Sales growth can give investors an idea of how a company's future prospects. Meanwhile, institutional ownership, dividend policy, firm size, and firm productivity have no effect on firm value.

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan bukti empiris terkait faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai perusahaan. Penelitian ini untuk menemukan bukti empiris mengenai apakah kepemilikan institusional, return on assets, leverage, kebijakan dividen, ukuran perusahaan, produktivitas perusahaan, dan pertumbuhan penjualan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan populasi berupa perusahaan nonkeuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode tahun 2019-2021. Pemilihan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan total jumlah sampel data sebanyak 282 data. Penelitian ini menggunakan model regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa return on assets, leverage, dan pertumbuhan penjualan berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Return on assets suatu perusahaan semakin besar, maka perusahaan memiliki aset yang besar yang dapat dirotasi untuk menghasilkan laba. Apabila semakin besar leverage, maka semakin besar kekayaan perusahaan yang dibiayai dengan hutang, sehingga perusahaan memiliki kemampuan yang meningkat untuk mengelola sumber daya, sehingga investor lebih memberikan kepercayaan kepada perusahaan. Pertumbuhan penjualan dapat memberikan gambaran kepada investor tentang bagaimana prospek masa depan perusahaan. Sementara itu, kepemilikan institusional, kebijakan dividen, ukuran perusahaan, dan produktivitas perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan.
Ethical dilemmas and Resources used by Nurse Administrators
Authors: Kim Yong-Soon , Park Jee-Won , Son Youn-Jung , Han Sung-Suk
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate types of ethical dilemmas and resourses used by nurse administrators. Study data were collected from Aug 6, 2001 to Aug 24, 2000. Study subjects were 283 nurse administrators working in university hospitals. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and χ2- test were employed to analyze the data.
The results of study are summarized as follows
1) Concerning the frequent types of ethical dilemmas, the ranked one highest was
"incompetent physicians", the second was "incompetent nurses", the third was “employee
relations".
2) They were asked to identify three of the resources they used most frequently when
resolving ethical dilemmas. "Personal values", "senior nurse manager", "Nursing colleagues" were named most often.
3) There was significant difference between general characteristics and frequent types of ethical dilemmas experienced by nurse administrators : hospital size and incompetent nurses(χ2=14.511, p=.024), institute hitory and incompetent nurses(χ2=10.343, p=.016), hospital location and employee relations(χ2=8.776, p=.032), the present role and employee relations(χ2=8.348, p=.039), highest degree and employee relations(χ2=19.338, p=.000).
4) There was significant difference between general characteristics and resources used by nurse administrators : hospital history and personal values(χ2=8.849, p=.031), age and personal values(χ2=11.825, p=.008), executive career and personal values(χ2=9.715, p=.021), total career and personal values(χ2=14.303, p=.003), the present role and personal values(χ2=13.603, p=.003). age and senior nurse manager(χ2=9.040 p=.029), executive career and senior nurse manager(χ2=17.443, p=.001), total career and senior nurse manager(χ2=9.327, p=.025), the present working place(χ2=14.943, p=.005), hospital size and nurse colleagues(χ2=15.152, p=.019), hospital religion and nurse colleagues(χ2=6.082, p=.048), total career and nurse colleagues(χ2=9.099, p=.028).
In conclusion, this study suggests that frequent types of ethical dilemmas experienced and resources used by nurse administrators are significant difference in personal and hospital characteristics.
A Study on Use of Role-Playing in Medical Ethics Education
Authors: KWON Ivo , CHANG DuYee
Published: July 2023

Role-Playing has been thought as a useful education tool in the moral education field. It helps the students 1) engage the class more actively, 2) communicate each other more effectively, 3) overcome the selfishness, 4) experience the future expected roles, 5) correct the unreal role-consciousness, 5) stimulate the thinking/problem solving process. We applied role-playing to medical ethics education for 2nd year medical student class, and got some satisfactory outcome. This class consisted of 4 parts; 1) case presentation, 2) discussion and drama-making, 3) drama playing, 4) professor's critic and review of the case. Most students were satisfied with the class works (74%) and understood the themes of medical ethics more efficiently (86%). They also answered it would be helpful for them in the future life as medical professional (86%).
To our experience, role-playing has other educational benefits as a kind of drama. It can make the students involve the case more deeply, and sympathize the people appeared in the case. Sometimes it can promote imagination, observing power, and expression ability. All of them should be considered as an important element in medical ethics education or personality education.
A Comparison of the Korean Medical Association’s Ethics Guidelines and the American Medical Association’s Code of Ethics
Authors: PARK Hyoung-Wook
Published: July 2023

In 2017, the Korean Medical Association (KMA) revised its Code of Ethics and Ethics Guidelines. This study compares the KMA’s Ethics Guidelines with the Code of Medical Ethics of the American Medical Association (AMA). This comparison identifies several points in the KMA’s Ethics Guidelines that are in need of further attention and possible revision. In particular, the KMA’s Guidelines should (a) describe the rights of patients prior to explaining the duties of physicians, (b) explicitly state that patients have a right to self-determination, (c) distinguish between informed consent for pediatric versus minor patients, (d) describe the ethical standards for doctors in non-clinical roles, (e) provide guidance for the ethical issues raised in relation to quarantine, and (f) describe ethical standards related to medical testimony. This study also suggests that the KMA should establish a committee to reflect upon and further improve its Ethics Guidelines.
Ethical Principles and Considerations concerning the Use of
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare*
Authors: MOON Gieop , YANG Ji Hyun , SON Yumi , CHOI Eun Kyung , LEE Ilhak
Published: July 2023

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare settings has become
increasingly common. Many hope that AI will remove constraints on human and
material resources and bring innovations in diagnosis and treatment. However,
the deep learning techniques and resulting black box problem of AI raise
important ethical concerns. To address these concerns, this article explores
some of the relevant ethical domains, issues, and themes in this area and
proposes principles to guide use of AI in healthcare. Three ethical themes are
identified, including respect for person, accountability, and sustainability,
which correspond to the three domains of data acquisition, clinical setting, and
social environment. These themes and domains were schematized with detailed
explanations of relevant ethical issues, concepts, and applications, such as
explainability and accountability. Additionally, it is argued that conflicts
between ethical principles should be resolved through deliberative democratic
methods and a consensus building process.
WORKING WOMEN'S PERCEPTION OF DIFFERENCES IN THE WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT BEFORE AND AFTER THE MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER (MCO): A CASE STUDY IN SABAH AND SARAWAK
Authors: Esa Mohd Sohaimi , Ationg Romzi , Abang Muis Abang Mohd Razif , Ibrahim Mohd Azri , Bagang Tony Paridi , Kaur Praveen
Published: July 2023

The Movement Control Order (MCO) was first introduced by the Malaysian government on 18 March 2020. This effort was made to contain the Covid-19 pandemic which has had a major impact not only on human health, but also in the employment sector. Despite the implementation of the MCO, the community as a whole experienced changes in various matters related to their daily lives, especially among working women. This involves changes in terms of the work environment. However, information related to the difference in the workplace environment before and after the MCO is still lacking in scientific explanation. Accordingly, by applying a mixed-method approach, a study of working women's perception of the difference in the workplace environment before and after the MCO in Sabah and Sarawak was conducted. In general, this study found that the majority of respondents agreed that the working atmosphere before and after the MCO was different. It is hoped that the results of this study provide important information regarding changes in the workplace environment for stakeholders for the purpose of improving various matters related to the workplace environment.
Differentiated approach to the choice of the adhesive system in filling of vital and devital teeth
Authors: Mitronin A. V. , Fulova A. M. , Mitronin Yu. A. , Ostanina D. A.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. To date, due to the escalation of domestic import substitution in the field of medicine and dentistry, the study of the adhesive bond strength of Russian-made bonding systems when filling teeth with composite materials remains very relevant. At the same time, the issue of the strength of adhesion to the dentin of vital and devital teeth remains insufficiently studied, especially in the aspect of the use of bonding systems of IV-V-VII generations in the restoration of hard dental tissues.

Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of the adhesive strength of modern bonding systems when filling vital and devital teeth in an experiment.

Materials and methods. The experimental study included 18 freshly removed teeth. To create the "seal-tooth" complex, Dentlight composite material (VladMiVa, Russia) and 3 adhesive systems (AS) of different generations (VladMiVa, Russia) were used, according to which the samples were divided into subgroups: 1 – Two-component Belabond (AS – IV generation); 2 – Dentlight (AS – V generation), 3 – Self-etching Belabond (AS – VII generation). The value of the adhesive bond was estimated by the value of the destructive stress that occurs when the composite sample is shifted relative to the dentine surface of the tooth using an Instron testing machine. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Student's t-test at p < 0.05.

Results. The adhesive strength had a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) between the study groups. It was found that the greatest adhesion force with vital teeth was observed using the adhesive system of the VI generation (Mpa = 23.1), and for filling devital teeth – the adhesive system of the V generation (Mpa = 17), respectively. Low adhesion strength was revealed in generation VII AS (less than 10 MPa) to the dentin of vital and devital teeth (p < 0.05).

Conclusion. It was found that the strength of adhesion decreases by 2 times in the group of devital teeth when using IV generation AS, while IV and V generation adhesives are effective for filling vital teeth.
Extensive Landslide Near Oznice, Hostýnské vrchy (Hills)
Authors: Burkhardt Rudolf , Liškutínová Drahomíra , Plička Miroslav
Published: July 2023

In the Carpathian flysch zone in frontal part of the Magura nappe (Hostýnske vrchy) an extensive landslide occurred in 1967 north of the village Oznice, south-west of Valašské Meziříčí. Judging from its geological situation it is a shallow structural landslide which - according to P. F. Savarenský (1937) - is a consequent landslide. A claystone layer in the Zlín strata in the brachysynclinal closure served as the shear plane enabling the rotation movements of the sliding masses. The comparatively large extent of the slide as well as the proportion of its length to its width show that it was a plane landslide covering some 27 000 m2. With regard to structural conditions - which made it possible for extensive masses of rock to move without suffering much harm - it is a block landslide. It originated along the rotation shear plane in the brachysynclinal structure where a higher hypsometric and gravity potential of the northern stream caused overpressure in the southern lower-situated stream in a place where pressure was relieved in the direction towards an abrut gorge situated under the eastern margin of the landslide. In the course of the landslide two main blocks affected each other, i. e. the main mass sliding in the direction of the axis of the structural basin (of about 3.105 t), and the north-eastern block (D) of about 1.105 t. In the place of their contact mounds of soil were formed rising some 3 m above the surface of both blocks. From the hydrogeological point of view, the area - where the landslide occurred - represented a closed hydrogeological unit drained by a spring situated in the mouth of the abrupt gorge. The normal regime of percolation water in sand rocks alternated in periods of increased precipitation with periods of increased water supply to fissures and porous levels. Consequently, the gravitational potential of the whole structure was increased on the one hand, on the other hand the water-washed surface af the underlying claystone layer was enlarged, and transformed into a shear plane. The occurrence of such an extensive structural landslide is a warning of the danger that a similar phenomenon might be repeated in similar natural conditions. It may happen if otherwise seemingly stabile geological structures (such as the structural basin) are exposed to increased activity in periods of greater precipitation.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOWER-BODY MAXIMUM STRENGTH AND SWIM START PERFORMANCE IN YOUTH ELITE SWIMMERS
Authors: Zebura Katharina , Fuhrmann Stefan , Mathy Astrid , Triska Christoph , Wirth Klaus
Published: July 2023

Swimmers reach the highest accelerations during starts. These are initiated by a high amount of force produced by the lower limbs in a short amount of time. It is established in senior athletes that there is a relationship between lower-body maximum strength and swim start performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lower-body maximum strength and swim start performance up to 5 and 15 m in elite youth swimmers. Twenty-two (10 females, 12 males) well-trained adolescent swimmers executed a one repetition maximum (1RM) back squat test, a counter movement jump (CMJ), a squat jump (SJ) test, and two trials of a swim start following a freestyle sprint up to 15 m. Bivariate Pearson correlation analyses were used to assess the relationship between strength and jumping performance and start performances up to 5 and 15 m. The level of significance was set at p < .05. Strength and jumping performance explained 55–73% of the variance in start performance up to 5 and 15 m. Strong correlations were found between resulting forces on the block and times to 5 and 15 m as well as between 1RM back squat test, CMJ, and SJ and times to 5 and 15 m (all between r = –.75 and r = –.86; p < .01). This study demonstrates that strength parameters of the lower limbs aff ect jumping performance off the block in swimming. Therefore, these parameters are usable predictor variables in assessing start performance up to 5 and 15 m in swimmers.
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSICAL FITNESS OF 8-YEAR-OLD STUDENTS
Authors: Borukova Mariana
Published: July 2023

Human physical development is a complex and intricate concept that can be viewed as a dynamically changing state from the moment of birth till death. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of physical development and physical fitness of 8-year-old students and to apply a comparative analysis along the factor gender. The study sample consisted of 95 primary school students (44 boys and 51 girls) in the city of Varna. The applied methods were a review study of specialized literature and sports-pedagogical testing along 18 indicators that carry information about the children’s physical development and some motor qualities. Mathematical-statistical data were processed by means of variation and comparative analyses, which gave us grounds to assert that the differences obtained from all indicators that carry information about physical development and physical fi tness, the advantage was in favor of the boys. For three of the characteristics, the differences were statistically significant