bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PENYEBAB DAN DAMPAK KETIDAKHADIRAN GURU DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI SMPN 43 SATU ATAP SELUMA
Authors: Kurnia Sandy Pratama  , Moch Iqbal
Published: September 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang penyebab dan dampak dari ketidakhadiran guru dalam proses pembelajaran di SMPN 43 Satu Atap Seluma. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menekankan metode studi pustaka dari beberapa sumber tertulis dan wawancara. Dengan menggunakan metode ini penulis menginginkan hasil yang dapat membantu mencari solusi dari ketidakhadiran guru di SMPN 43 Satu Atap Seluma ini. Hasil penelitian tentang analisis penyebab dan dampak ketidakhadiran guru dalam proses pembelajaran di SMPN 43 Satu Atap Seluma ini didapatkan bahwa penyebab utama dari ketidakhadiran guru ini adalah adanya keterkendalaan akses jalan yang buruk menuju sekolah. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlunya bantuan dari pihak-pihak terkait untuk melakukan perbaikan akses jalan agar guru tidak lagi terkendala oleh akses jalan yang buruk ketika hendak mengajar.
PERAN DIREKTORAT RESERSE NARKOBA POLDA JAMBI DALAM PEMBERANTASAN PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOBA MENURUT PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Dama Kristianto  , Alfia Apriani  , Usrial
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dengan terdapat masih banyaknya penyalahgunaan narkoba didaerah Jambi yang merupakan suatu tindak pidana yang telah dilarang dalam peraturan undang-undang secara khusus, yang menjadi tugas dan wewenang Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia (POLRI) dalam hal ini Direktorat Reserse Narkoba (DITRES NARKOBA) Polda Jambi. Selain termasuk dalam tindak pidana, penyalahgunaan narkoba juga tidak sesuai dengan hukum (syariat) agama islam. Sehingga permasalahan tersebut perlu segera tinjau. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pandangan hukum islam tentang penyalahgunaan narkoba, mengetahui peran Ditresnarkoba terhadap peredaran dan penyalahguna narkoba, dan mengetahui faktor kendala yang dihadapi Ditres Narkoba Polda Jambi. Teknik analisis penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis, yaitu dengan cara memaparkan data dengan jelas dalam hal ini data terkait dengan pandangan hukum islam tentang penyalahgunaan narkoba, peran Ditresnarkoba terhadap peredaran dan penyalahguna narkoba, dan faktor kendala yang dihadapi Ditresnarkoba Polda Jambi. Data penelitian dihimpun dengan menggunakan data sekunder dan primer. Data sekunder berupa buku, artikel dan jurnal yang membahas tentang penyalahgunaan narkoba dan peran Ditresnarkoba, sedangkan data primer berupa Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika, Al-Qur’an dan hadist, serta wawancara dengan nara sumber yang relevan. Penelitian menemukan bahwa beberapa peran/strategi Ditresnarkoba Polda Jambi dalam pemberantasan penyalahgunaan narkoba, yaitu Strategi Refresif, Strategi Preventif, Strategi Pre-Emtif. Beberapa aksi Ditres Narkoba Polda Jambi, yaitu membangun kerjasama dengan masyarakat maupun instansi, melakukan kegiatan sosialisasi dan ceramah di lingkungan sekolah, perguruan tinggi, organisasi, LSM, instansi pemerintah dan swasta serta tempat-tempat lainnya, membuat, membagikan dan menyebar brosur atau pamplet tentang bahaya penyalahgunaan narkoba dan dampaknya kepada masyarakat di setiap kesempatan, melakukan kegiatan tes urin secara berkala kepada jajaran personil Polda Jambi termasuk merazia dan test urine pengunjung tempat-tempat hiburan. Dalam pandangan hukum islam bahwa penyalahgunaan narkoba adalah sesuatu yang memabukkan dalam al-Qur’an dan hadist disebut Khamr, artinya sesuatu yang dapat menghilangkan akal. Meskipun bentuknya berbeda namun cara kerja Khamr dan narkoba sama saja. Keduanya memabukkan, merusak fungsi akal manusia. Selanjutnya disepakitilah bahwa segala sesuatu yang dapat merusak akal, memabukkan, dan mematikan yang diqiyaskan dengan Intihar. Yang termasuk katagori narkotika adalah morfin, heroin, kokain, ganja, sabu-sabu, dan sejenisnya.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PRAKTIK VAKSINASI AYAM PETELUR DI POULTRY SHOPS BUMI JAYA KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI
Authors: Lindawati Lindawati , Faisal Ahmadi
Published: September 2024

Vaksinasi merupakan salah satu upaya yang dilakukan oleh PS Bumi Jaya Kabupaten Muaro Jambi untuk mencegah serangan penyakit pada ayam petelur. Vaksinasi memiliki peran penting di dalam sebuah perternakan. Selain bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh dan menghindari virus, vaksinasi juga bisa mempercepat pertumbuhan ayam serta meningkatkan produksi telur. Vaksinasi dinilai menguntungkan bagi para peternak karena dengan memberikan vaksinasi maka akan mengurangi angka kematian pada ayam petelur. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis lapangan dan bersifat deskriptif kualitatif kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan Perspektif Hukum Islam. Menurut perspektif hukum Islam praktik vaksinasi ayam petelur boleh dilakukan karena memiliki banyak manfaat, salah satunya yaitu mencegah penyakit pada ayam petelur, dan praktik vaksinasi tersebut boleh dilakukan selama vaksin yang berlabel halal belum ditemukan.
Pandangan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Pembelaan Terpaksa yang Melampaui Batas (Noodweer Exces)
Authors: Irwandi Samudra  , Fachri Wahyudi
Published: September 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah agar mengetaui tindak pidana pembelaan terpaksa yang melampaui batas (noodweer exces) dalam KUHP pasal 49 ayat (2) bertujuan untuk melindungi jiwa, kehormatan dan harta benda dari serangan musuh, manusia pasti mempunyai naluri untuk melindungi diri sendiri atau orang lain dari ancaman yang dapat membahayakan keselamatan sendiri atau orang lain dari suatu tindak pidana. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian normatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research), bahan-bahan dan data-datanya diperoleh dari perpustakaan dan berbagai uraian lain yang relevan dengan permasalahan topik penulisan. Kesimpulan akhir dari skripsi ini ada dua: pertama pelaksanaan pembelaan diri yang melampaui batas (noodweer exces) pada sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia dijadikan sebagai alasan pembenar tetapi bukan dijadikan sebagai alasan yang membenarkan perbuatan melanggar hukum, melainkan seseorang yang terpaksa melakukan tindak pidana karena terjadi pelanggaran hukum yang mendahului perbuatan itu. kedua pelaksanaan noodweer exces dalam perspektif hukum pidana Islam disamakan dengan pembelaan yang sah (daf’u as-sail) yaitu upaya yang dilakukan seseorang untuk melindungi jiwa, kehormatan dan harta benda dari ancaman dan serangan yang dilakukan orang lain.
PENGGUNAAN TAYAMUM UNTUK MELAKSANAKAN SHALAT FARDHU DI TEMPAT PEMBERHENTIAN BUS DALAM PERJALANAN LAMPUNG KE MEDAN MENURUT HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Anto Adrianto
Published: September 2024

Abstract; on the way Lampung to Medan at the bus stop found a small room the less clean water is used for thaharah and meanwhile prayer time has entered On the other hand, passengers have a problem with good dust which can be used for tayamum. To answer this problem the author uses an approach ushuli namely analyzing the main points of the problem with approach dalil, namely using dalil al quran and dalil hadist and related to the opinions of para cleric fiqh relating to undiscovered water and dust in the sense of looking for soil good thing to do tayamum. Research result, The use of tayammum by seeing because it's allowed tayamum that is, it is prayer time and no water was found. The traveler did it tayamum for prayer fardhu is allowed, if he doesn't find water. If the traveler finds water then the traveler performs ablution. and holy dust is dust that exists on the ground surface like on the ground around the ground like grass, trees and so forth.
Touching Hearts and Minds: Contextualizing Catechesis for the Millennial and Gen Z Generations
Authors: Pranyoto Yohanes Hendro , Berangka Dedimus , Noerjanto Francisco
Published: September 2024

Millennials and Gen Z as the future of the Church have unique characteristics. These characteristics pose a challenge for traditional catechesis to reach and engage them in the proclamation of faith. This article explores the concept of contextualization of catechesis as a solution to overcome these challenges. Contextualization of catechesis can be defined as the process of adapting the message of faith to better suit the cultural and social audience. This contextualization of catechesis aims to make catechesis more relevant, interesting, and easily understood by the millennial generation and Gen Z. This article discusses catechesis contextualization strategies that can be applied, such as: understanding the characteristics and needs of millennials and Gen Z, utilizing technology and social media, involving millennials and Gen Z in the catechesis process, empowering creative and digitally literate catechists, and strengthening cooperation between family, Church, and school. In conclusion, contextualizing catechesis is an important and mandatory effort to reach and involve millennials and Gen Z so that they do not feel alienated in the Church. The author uses the term: “In through their door, out through our door”, because by applying the right strategy, contextualization of catechesis can touch the hearts and minds of millennials and Gen Z, helping them to grow in faith and Christian values.
Mpox, HIV Infection, and Genital Skin Disease: Triple Burden, Threats and Challenges from an Epidemiological Perspective
Authors: Adnyana I Made Dwi Mertha , Eljatin Dwinka Syafira , Maulana Sidik , Ibrahim Kusman , Umar Tungki Pratama , Armini Luh Nik , Cruz Zito Viegas da
Published: September 2024

The expansion and transformation of Mpox (MPX) disease alongside HIV and genital skin diseases has led to an increase in global morbidity and mortality in a relatively brief period. These diseases have a similar transmission pathway through sexual intercourse (mainly MSM/men-sex with males).  This review aims to provide a concise, evidence-based overview of MPX, HIV, and genital skin disease coinfections, and to identify epidemiological threats and challenges. Our investigations revealed that from January 2022 to July 2023, there was a significant increase in the number of MPX cases, which reached a total of 88,600, resulting in 152 deaths across 113 countries. There have been case reports of triple-burden disease in six different areas of the world, with at least 52% of reported cases occurring in men who have had sexual activity with other men, 84.1% of whom do not use condoms and do not take pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In addition, the highest number of deaths due to co-infection with MPX, HIV infection, and genital skin diseases occurred in vulnerable groups (LGBTQIA2S+), especially in men who had sex with men, up to 90.9%, and experienced an increase in the frequency of triple burden diseases to 104.9%. From an epidemiological standpoint, this condition generates several threats and challenges, including an increasing burden of infectious diseases, an increase in immunocompromised populations, an increase in overlapping risk factors, diagnostic difficulties, an increase in interactions and comorbidities, and relatively complex treatment challenges. To suppress these outbreaks and pandemics, comprehensive control and prevention should be proposed collaboratively, including collaboration with the education sector to conduct better research and investigation using one health in complex settings. Epidemiological modeling can be used in the future to accelerate the control of these diseases.
The Impact of the Speos Method on Boosting Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates among Postpartum Women
Authors: Br Karo Marni , Tamba Ezra , Simanjuntak Farida
Published: September 2024

UNICEF reports that every year, 2.6 million infants worldwide die within their first month of life. One of the determining factors is exclusive breastfeeding. WHO emphasizes the importance of exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age without additional food and drink. In Indonesia, the coverage of infants receiving exclusive breastfeeding reached 67.74%, but exclusive breastfeeding is only given to one in two infants under 6 months. Lack of exclusive breastfeeding means infants are not getting adequate nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the SPEOS method in increasing exclusive breast milk production in postpartum mothers. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a sample of 30 postpartum mothers who were divided into two groups: (1) experimental group that received SPEOS massage method for 10 minutes, and (2) control group that did not receive the intervention. The dependent variable was breast milk production, while the independent variable was massage using the SPEOS method. Data were collected by measuring breast milk volume (ml) and analyzed using t-test. The results showed that the SPEOS method was effective in increasing exclusive breast milk production (p<0.001). The SPEOS method proved to be an effective way to increase exclusive breast milk production in postpartum mothers. The SPEOS method can increase breast milk production, so it needs to be socialized to postpartum mothers by health workers to increase the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding in infants.
Septic Abortion Cases at a Tertiary Centre of Khulna region: A descriptive analysis
Authors: Biswas H
Published: September 2024

This was a descriptive type of study. The study was conducted at a tertiary level hospital of Khulna region. It aimed to evaluatethe incidence, maternal morbidity & mortality, clinical features, management in cases of septic abortion in a tertiary centre.This study included 33 cases of septic abortion admitted during 5 years from January 2006 to January 2011 in the Departmentof obstetrics & Gynecology in Khulna Medical College Hospital. All patients were evaluated with special reference toincidence, etiological factors, clinical features, surgery & maternal morbidity & mortality. The incidence of septic abortion was1.26%. Common age group was between 26-30 years. Most of the cases were from lower socioeconomic status. Septic abortionfollowing spontaneous abortion was present in 4 cases. Unwanted pregnancy was the indication for termination of pregnancyin 29 cases while 4 women were admitted in state of septic shock. 11 cases required laparotomy for drainage of pus, 1 hadhysterectomy, 1 had resection anastomosis & uterus repair was done in 2 cases. Overall maternal mortality was 4 (12.12%).Theincidence of illegal and septic abortion can be reduced by increasing awareness about family planning services and makinglegal abortion services easily available to the women and that too at a cheaper cost.
Maternal & Child Health Care Seeking Behavior of the Rural people of Bangladesh
Authors: Catherine S
Published: September 2024

MCH is not a new speciality. It is a method of delivering health care to special group in the population which is especiallyvulnerable to disease, disability or death. MCH problems cover a broad spectrum. The present study was a cross sectional typeof study carried out with the objective of exploring utilization of maternal and child health care services and health care seekingbehavior by the rural people at Bhanga. A preformed interview schedule was used to collect data from a purposively selectedsample of 120 respondents. It was revealed from the study that majority of the people prefers Government qualified doctors astheir first choice of treatment of certain illness. Most of the respondents were aware about immunization programs. About 90%people were found BCG vaccinated, which is a significant one.

Majority of the mothers (61.67%) delivered their last baby at home. It was revealed that people preferred are less motivated about hospital delivery in the study area. As a matter of fact that, pregnant mothers less had TT vaccine of about 40%, which is not too satisfactory.

About family planning, the survey showed that about 80% of the females and 20% males were found practicing familyplanning methods currently. Most of them preferred oral pill (64.95% females) and condom (78% males), MCH programmeshould be strengthened to improve the health status of the community particularly for the mother and children in rural areas.There is also need for strong supervision and monitoring of the maternal health care services throughout the country. EOCprogramme should be implemented to every Upazilla Health Complex as early as possible. It is also necessary that a well-designed community based research should be carried out in rural areas to collect accurate information about the utilization ofmaternal health care services in rural Bangladesh.
An Extremely Rare Case of Ovarian Cyst Infiltrated the Urinary Bladder Manifesting as Urinary Bladder Neoplasm
Authors: Miah M Z I
Published: September 2024

This is a case report of Ovarian dermoid cyst perforating into the urinary bladder presenting with irritative lower urinary tract symptoms characterized by burning micturtion with total haematuria for the last two months. Ovarian dermoid cyst is perforating into urinary bladder pose a diagnostic dilemma for urologist, gynecologist, radiologist and for histopathologist.
Effets des approches sensibles au trauma sur l'approche de soins des praticiens travaillant auprès des jeunes : Une recension systématique à méthodes mixtes
Authors: Gagné Marie-Emma , Kern Audrey , Langevin Rachel
Published: September 2024

Cet article vise à contribuer à la littérature florissante sur les approches sensibles au trauma à l’aide d’une recension systématique des écrits à méthodes mixtes portant sur les retombées de la mise en oeuvre des approches sensibles au trauma sur l’approche de soins (c.-à-d., les connaissances, les attitudes, les pratiques et le bien-être) des praticiens travaillant avec des jeunes (de 12 à 25 ans). Cet article évalue également de manière systématique la qualité méthodologique des études disponibles afin d’identifier les lacunes à combler et d’orienter les recherches futures. Des mots clés ont été entrés dans trois bases de données et une recherche manuelle a également été effectuée. À la suite d’un processus de filtrage, 14 articles ont été retenus. Les résultats de cette synthèse indiquent que les approches sensibles au trauma sont prometteuses quant aux retombées sur les connaissances, les attitudes, les pratiques et le bien être des praticiens oeuvrant dans l’offre de soins et de services auprès de jeunes ayant vécu un trauma. Or, la variété des modèles et processus d’implantation utilisés ainsi que la qualité méthodologique variable des études limitent la portée des résultats. Les implications pour la recherche et les milieux pratiques sont abordées, notamment la pertinence de l’utilisation de méthodes de recherche à devis mixte et l’importance d’inclure une formation pratique exhaustive sur le trauma et sur les approches sensibles au trauma lors de l’implantation.
L'importance de la qualité de la relation entre parent et intervenante lors d'intervention pour négligence en protection de la jeunesse
Authors: Bouchard Joëlle , Lafantaisie Vicky , Bérubé Annie
Published: September 2024

Plusieurs parents dont les enfants sont signalés pour négligence en protection de la jeunesse ont vécu différents types de traumatismes durant l’enfance. Les répercussions de ces expériences peuvent compliquer l’établissement d’une relation positive avec leur intervenante2. Cette étude porte sur les déterminants qui influencent la qualité de la relation parent-intervenante. Des entrevues menées auprès de 37 parents montrent que les principaux déterminants de la qualité de cette relation sont les habiletés interpersonnelles de l’intervenante qui permettent un sentiment de connexion affective mutuelle, les habiletés de communication de l’intervenante et le partage du pouvoir avec le parent. Les déterminants identifiés rappellent les principes issus des pratiques sensibles au trauma.
La sombra de Marie es alargada
Authors: Navarro Faus Jesús
Published: September 2024

Las narraciones populares sobre la historia de la ciencia suelen reducirse a los “grandes” personajes, obviando la actividad de muchos otros científicos relevantes. Este artículo se refiere a los años pioneros de la radioactividad, que cubre aproximadamente el primer tercio del siglo XX. Presentamos una lista de científicas que, fuera de la literatura especializada, han quedado eclipsadas por la figura de Marie Curie. Describiremos brevemente el contexto general en el que hicieron sus investigaciones y mencionaremos las contribuciones más relevantes de algunas de ellas. El artículo se cierra con unos comentarios generales que pueden ser de interés en la actualidad.
La escolarización del alumnado de nacionalidad extranjera en la ciudad de Granada. Diferencias por nacionalidad y el papel de la red privada-concertada
Authors: Lubián Graña Carlos
Published: September 2024

El artículo que se presenta a continuación sigue la estela de otras investigaciones sobre inmigración y escolarización, concretamente sobre concentración escolar, que prefieren acotar el ámbito geográfico y centrarse en aspectos microsociológicos que puedan explicar mejor realidades tan complejas como la que aquí nos atañe. Hemos querido presentar en este breve artículo las tendencias de escolarización de la población extranjera en la ciudad de Granada, atendiendo a las diferentes nacionalidades que configuran el fenómeno de la inmigración. Los datos que hemos presentado pueden dar pistas para futuros estudios quetraten de explicar la desigual distribución del alumnado extranjero en los centros escolares en este contexto y su posible aplicabilidad en otros contextos similares.
Políticas de lucha contra el abandono escolar en España
Authors: Rujas Martínez-Novillo Javier
Published: September 2024

Tarabini, Aina (coord.) (2015): Políticas de lucha contra el abandono escolar en España (Madrid, Síntesis), ISBN: 978-84-907708-0-1, 178 p.
Classification of imbalanced ECGs through segmentation models and augmented by conditional diffusion model
Authors: Kwak Jinhee , Jung Jaehee
Published: September 2024

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) provide essential data for diagnosing arrhythmias, which can potentially cause serious health complications. Early detection through continuous monitoring is crucial for timely intervention. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Beth Israel Hospital (MIT-BIH) arrhythmia dataset employed for arrhythmia analysis research comprises imbalanced data. It is necessary to create a robust model independent of data imbalances to classify arrhythmias accurately. To mitigate the pronounced class imbalance in the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset, this study employs advanced augmentation techniques, specifically variational autoencoder (VAE) and conditional diffusion, to augment the dataset. Furthermore, accurately segmenting the continuous heartbeat dataset into individual heartbeats is crucial for confidently detecting arrhythmias. This research compared a model that employed annotation-based segmentation, utilizing R-peak labels, and a model that utilized an automated segmentation method based on a deep learning model to segment heartbeats. In our experiments, the proposed model, utilizing MobileNetV2 along with annotation-based segmentation and conditional diffusion augmentation to address minority class, demonstrated a notable 1.23% improvement in the F1 score and 1.73% in the precision, compared to the model classifying arrhythmia classes with the original imbalanced dataset. This research presents a model that accurately classifies a wide range of arrhythmias, including minority classes, moving beyond the previously limited arrhythmia classification models. It can serve as a basis for better data utilization and model performance improvement in arrhythmia diagnosis and medical service research. These achievements enhance the applicability in the medical field and contribute to improving the quality of healthcare services by providing more sophisticated and reliable diagnostic tools.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Micronutrients on Growth, Flowering and Corm Production in Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) cv. Nova Lux
Authors: Kumar Ankur , Pandey Ashok Kumar , Tiwari Harendra , Bhadauria Ankit Singh , Dixit Shivam
Published: September 2024

A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, Janta College, Bakewar, Etawah, India, during 2022-23. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with 10 treatments in three replications. Different combinations of Plant Growth Regulators (GA3) and Micronutrients - ZnSO4 and FeSO4 were used as treatments. The results revealed that, amongst all the treatments, the application of ZnSO4 (0.5%)+FeSO4 (0.5%)+GA3 (200 ppm) in treatment produced significant results. No. of sprouts per corm 3.32, Height of Plant at 30 DAP (59.53cm), Height of Plant at 45 DAP (76.26cm), Number of leaves per plant at 30 DAP 9.13, Width of leaves per plant 30 DAP(3.50cm), Days to initiation of spike 72.95, Number of spike per plant 3.66, Days to opening of first floret 85.29, Length of spike (75.36cm), Diameter of corm (10.36cm), Number of corms/plot 27.00 and average weight of single corm 209.61 gram. The findings suggest that the combination of ZnSO4 (0.5%) + FeSO4 (0.5%) + GA3 (200 ppm) might be used in production of gladiolus.
Phosphorites, Co‐rich Mn nodules, and Fe‐Mn crusts from Galicia Bank, NE Atlantic: Reflections of Cenozoic tectonics and paleoceanography
Authors: González Francisco Javier , Somoza Luis , Hein James R. , Medialdea Teresa , León Ricardo , Urgorri Victoriano , Reyes Jesús , Martín‐Rubí Juan Antonio
Published: January 2016

A wide variety of marine mineral deposits were recovered from 750 to 1400 m water depths on Galicia Bank, Iberian margin. Mineral deposits include: (1) carbonate fluorapatite phosphorite slabs and nodules that replaced limestone and preserved original protolith fabric. (2) Ferromanganese vernadite crusts with high Mn and Fe (Mn/Fe = 1) contents, and thick stratabound layers consisting mainly of Mn (up to 27% MnO) and Fe (15% Fe2O3), which impregnated and replaced the phosphorite. (3) Co‐rich Mn nodules are composed of romanechite and todorokite laminae. Mn‐rich layers (up to 58% MnO) contain up to 1.8% Co. (4) Goethite nodules with Fe up to 67% Fe2O3 have low Mn and trace metals. We interpret this mineralization paragenesis to be related to major changes in oceanographic and tectonic regimes. Three phosphatization generations formed hardgrounds dated by 87Sr/86Sr isotopes as late Oligocene, early Miocene, and latest early Miocene. During the latest early Miocene, the hardground was fractured and breached due to regional intraplate tectonism, which was coeval with a widespread regional erosional unconformity. The stratabound layers and Co‐rich manganese nodules were derived from low‐temperature geothermally driven hydrothermal fluids, with fluid conduits along reactivated faults. During middle and late Miocene, the introduction of vigorous deep water flow from the Arctic generated growth of hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts. Finally, growth of diagenetic Fe‐rich nodules (late Pliocene) was promoted by the introduction of hypersaline Mediterranean Outflow Water into the Atlantic Ocean.
Near‐ and far‐field tsunamigenic effects on the Z component of the geomagnetic field during the Japanese event, 2011
Authors: Klausner Virginia , Kherani Esfhan A. , Muella Marcio T. A. H.
Published: February 2016

In this work, we examine the vertical component (Z) of the geomagnetic field observed by ground‐based observatories during the tsunami event which happened on 11 March 2011. For this event, we have selected nine magnetic observatories distributed along the tsunami passage, covering up to 3000 km epicentral distance. The traveltime diagram of the magnetic disturbances is constructed and compared with the simulated tsunami traveltime diagram. From this comparison, we identify the amplified magnetic disturbances appearing during the tsunami arrival in the vicinity of these observatories. Moreover, mean absolute percentage error map is constructed to examine the cross correlations among different observatories and the amplified disturbances are found to be highly correlated. These features suggest that the amplified disturbances are tsunamigenic in nature. These results are in confirmation with the previous near‐field studies, and they shed new insight into the tsunamigenic magnetic disturbances on near‐ and far‐field distances from the epicenter.
Influence of vertical and lateral heat transfer on permafrost thaw, peatland landscape transition, and groundwater flow
Authors: Kurylyk Barret L. , Hayashi Masaki , Quinton William L. , McKenzie Jeffrey M. , Voss Clifford I.
Published: January 2016

Recent climate change has reduced the spatial extent and thickness of permafrost in many discontinuous permafrost regions. Rapid permafrost thaw is producing distinct landscape changes in the Taiga Plains of the Northwest Territories, Canada. As permafrost bodies underlying forested peat plateaus shrink, the landscape slowly transitions into unforested wetlands. The expansion of wetlands has enhanced the hydrologic connectivity of many watersheds via new surface and near‐surface flow paths, and increased streamflow has been observed. Furthermore, the decrease in forested peat plateaus results in a net loss of boreal forest and associated ecosystems. This study investigates fundamental processes that contribute to permafrost thaw by comparing observed and simulated thaw development and landscape transition of a peat plateau‐wetland complex in the Northwest Territories, Canada from 1970 to 2012. Measured climate data are first used to drive surface energy balance simulations for the wetland and peat plateau. Near‐surface soil temperatures simulated in the surface energy balance model are then applied as the upper boundary condition to a three‐dimensional model of subsurface water flow and coupled energy transport with freeze‐thaw. Simulation results demonstrate that lateral heat transfer, which is not considered in many permafrost models, can influence permafrost thaw rates. Furthermore, the simulations indicate that landscape evolution arising from permafrost thaw acts as a positive feedback mechanism that increases the energy absorbed at the land surface and produces additional permafrost thaw. The modeling results also demonstrate that flow rates in local groundwater flow systems may be enhanced by the degradation of isolated permafrost bodies.
Oxygen activation in NO synthases: evidence for a direct role of the substrate
Authors: Brunel Albane , Lang Jérôme , Couture Manon , Boucher Jean‐Luc , Dorlet Pierre , Santolini Jérôme
Published: January 2016

Nitric oxide (NO) and the other reactive nitrogen species (RNOS) play crucial patho‐physiological roles at the interface of oxidative stress and signalling processes. In mammals, the NO synthases (NOSs) are the source of these reactive nitrogen species, and so to understand the precise biological role of RNOS and NO requires elucidation of the molecular functioning of NOS. Oxygen activation, which is at the core of NOS catalysis, involves a sophisticated sequence of electron and proton transfers. While electron transfer in NOS has received much attention, the proton transfer processes has been scarcely investigated. Here, we report an original approach that combines fast‐kinetic techniques coupled to resonance Raman spectroscopy with the use of synthetic analogues of NOS substrate. We characterise FeII‐O2 reaction intermediates in the presence of L‐arginine (Arg), alkyl‐ and aryl‐guanidines. The presence of new reaction intermediates, such as ferric haem‐peroxide, that was formerly postulated, was tracked by analysing the oxygen activation reaction at different times and with different excitation wavelengths. Our results suggest that Arg is not a proton donor, but indirectly intervenes in oxygen activation mechanism by modulating the distal H‐bond network and, in particular, by tuning the position and the role of the distal water molecule. This report supports a catalytic model with two proton transfers in step 1 (Arg hydroxylation) but only one proton transfer in step 2 (Nω‐hydroxy‐L‐arginine oxidation).
Insufficient disease inhibition by intrathecal rituximab in progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Komori Mika , Lin Yen Chih , Cortese Irene , Blake Andrew , Ohayon Joan , Cherup Jamie , Maric Dragan , Kosa Peter , Wu Tianxia , Bielekova Bibiana
Published: February 2016

Objective

Inaccessibility of the inflammation compartmentalized to the central nervous system (CNS) may underlie the lack of efficacy of immunomodulatory treatments in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). The double blind combination of Rituximab by IntraVenous and IntraThecAl injection versus placebo in patients with Low‐Inflammatory SEcondary progressive MS (RIVITALISE; NCT01212094) trial was designed to answer: (1) Whether an induction dose of intravenous and intrathecal rituximab efficiently depletes CNS B cells? and (2) If so, whether this leads to global inhibition of CNS inflammation and slowing of CNS tissue destruction?

Methods

Patients aged 18–65 years were randomly assigned to rituximab or placebo. Protocol‐stipulated interim analysis quantified the efficacy of B‐cell depletion.

Results

The efficacy on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers failed to reach criteria for continuation of the trial. B‐cell‐related CSF biomarkers (sCD21 and B‐cell activating factor) changed only in the active‐treatment arm. While CSF B cells were killed robustly (median −79.71%, P = 0.0176), B cells in CNS tissue were depleted inadequately (~−10–20%, P < 0.0001). Consequently, the T‐cell‐specific CSF biomarker sCD27 decreased slightly (−10.97%, P = 0.0005), while axonal damage marker, neurofilament light chain did not change. Insufficient saturation of CD20, lack of lytic complement, and paucity of cytotoxic CD56dim NK cells contribute to decreased efficacy of rituximab in the CNS.

Interpretation

Biomarker studies reliably quantified complementary pharmacodynamic effects of rituximab in the CNS, exposed causes for poor efficacy and determined that RIVITALISE trial would be underpowered to measure efficacy on clinical outcomes. Identified mechanisms for poor efficacy are applicable to all CNS‐inflammation targeting monoclonal antibodies.
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Axial Crushing Behavior of Textile‐Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite Tubes
Authors: Böhm Holger , Weck Daniel , Hornig Andreas , Langkamp Albert , Adam Frank , Gude Maik
Published: February 2016

Thermoplastic composites with excellent specific mechanical properties are well suited for the development and design of material‐ and energy‐efficient lightweight structures. In this work, the structural response of glass–polypropylene (GF/PP) hybrid yarn‐based composite tubes under quasi‐static and high‐velocity axial crushing has been investigated experimentally and numerically. Very promising crush responses can be identified in terms of peak crushing force, stable progressive crushing, and specific energy absorption. For the numerical simulation on mesoscale, a user‐defined material is used to predict the response of the textile‐reinforced plies. Delamination phenomena are modeled via a cohesive approach. The chamfer trigger is modeled in detail to ensure a stable progressive crushing.
The Influence of Individual Rare Earth Elements (La, Ce, or Nd) on Creep Resistance of Die‐Cast Magnesium Alloy AE44
Authors: Zhu Suming , Easton Mark A. , Abbott Trevor B. , Gibson Mark A. , Nie Jian‐Feng
Published: February 2016

Three AE44 (Mg–4Al–4RE, wt%) alloys are prepared from individual RE elements, i.e., La, Ce, or Nd, by high‐pressure die casting and the creep resistance of these alloys is evaluated. It is shown that the choice of RE elements has a significant influence on the creep resistance of AE44, with the La‐containing alloy being the most creep‐resistant while the Nd‐containing alloy the least creep‐resistant. Microstructural examinations suggest that the observed difference in creep resistance cannot be accounted for by the thermal stability of the Al11RE3 phase, as reported previously, but can be related to the volume fraction of intermetallic phases and the content of manganese.
Strain Modulation in Graphene/ZnO Nanorod Film Schottky Junction for Enhanced Photosensing Performance
Authors: Liu Shuo , Liao Qingliang , Lu Shengnan , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Guangjie , Zhang Yue
Published: January 2016

Strain modulation in flexible semiconductor heterojunctions has always been considered as an effective way to modulate the performance of nanodevices. In this work, a graphene/ZnO nanorods film Schottky junction has been constructed. It shows considerable responsivity and fast on‐off switch to the UV illumination. Through utilizing the piezopotential induced by the atoms displacement in ZnO under the compressive strain, 17% enhanced photosensing property is achieved in this hybrid structure when applying −0.349% strain. This performance improvement can be ascribed to the Schottky barrier height modification by the strain‐induced piezopotential, which results in the facilitation of electron–hole separation in the graphene/ZnO interface. An energy band principle as well as a finite element analysis is proposed to understand this phenomenon. The results here provide a facile approach to boost the optoelectronic performance of graphene/ZnO heterostructure, which may also be applied to other Schottky junction based hybrid devices.
Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy as a Probe of the Surface Chemistry of Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Dick Susan , Konrad Magdalena P. , Lee Wendy W. Y. , McCabe Hannah , McCracken John N. , Rahman Taifur M. D. , Stewart Alan , Xu Yikai , Bell Steven E. J.
Published: January 2016

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is now widely used as a rapid and inexpensive tool for chemical/biochemical analysis. The method can give enormous increases in the intensities of the Raman signals of low‐concentration molecular targets if they are adsorbed on suitable enhancing substrates, which are typically composed of nanostructured Ag or Au. However, the features of SERS that allow it to be used as a chemical sensor also mean that it can be used as a powerful probe of the surface chemistry of any nanostructured material that can provide SERS enhancement. This is important because it is the surface chemistry that controls how these materials interact with their local environment and, in real applications, this interaction can be more important than more commonly measured properties such as morphology or plasmonic absorption. Here, the opportunity that this approach to SERS provides is illustrated with examples where the surface chemistry is both characterized and controlled in order to create functional nanomaterials.
Flexible and Stretchable Optoelectronic Devices using Silver Nanowires and Graphene
Authors: Lee Hanleem , Kim Meeree , Kim Ikjoon , Lee Hyoyoung
Published: January 2016

Many studies have accompanied the emergence of a great interest in flexible or/and stretchable devices for new applications in wearable and futuristic technology, including human‐interface devices, robotic skin, and biometric devices, and in optoelectronic devices. Especially, new nanodimensional materials enable flexibility or stretchability to be brought based on their dimensionality. Here, the emerging field of flexible devices is briefly introduced using silver nanowires and graphene, which are famous nanomaterials for the use of transparent conductive electrodes, as examples, and their unique functions originating from the intrinsic property of these nanomaterials are highlighted. It is thought that this work will evoke more interest and idea exchanges in this emerging field and hopefully can trigger a breakthrough on a new type of optoelectronics and optogenetic devices in the near future.
Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable Polyurethane Composites Containing Attapulgite Nanorods
Authors: Lee Hsun‐Tsing , Tsou Chi‐Hui , Li Chi‐Lan , Gu Jia‐Hao , Wu Cheng‐Lung , Hwang Jiunn‐Jer , Suen Maw‐Cherng
Published: February 2016

In this study, polyurethane (PU) is synthesized using 4,4,‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate as the hard segments and polytetramethylene glycol and polycaprolactone diol as the soft segments. In addition, attapulgite (AT)/PU nanocomposites are prepared by adding AT into PU matrix.

The structure and morphology of AT/PU nanocomposites are examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The TEM results show that AT maintains its rod‐like structure in the PU matrix. The FT‐IR results show that there is no significant change in the FT‐IR spectrum after a small amount of AT is added into the PU matrix. The XRD results show that the main crystallization peaks of AT become more apparent with increasing AT content, and the EDS results show that the intensity of the Si peak also increases with increasing AT content. In addition, the mapping shows that AT nanorods are poorly dispersed when the AT content reaches 5 wt%. The thermal and mechanical properties of the AT/PU nanocomposite with an AT content of 2 wt% are optimal, and when the AT content surpasses 5 wt%, an aggregation phenomenon occurs, resulting in reductions in the thermal and mechanical properties of the AT/PU nanocomposite. The contact angle test and atomic force microscopy results show that the surface of the nanocomposite becomes more rough and hydrophobic with increasing AT content. The scanning electron microscopy observations of the hydrolytic degradation of the AT/PU nanocomposites show that their hydrolytic degradation was affected by the test temperature, test time, and AT content. The moisture absorption test shows that the moisture absorption of the AT/PU nanocomposite increases with increasing AT content and ambient humidity.
A model to predict liquid bridge formation between wet particles based on direct numerical simulations
Authors: Wu Mingqiu , Radl Stefan , Khinast Johannes G.
Published: January 2016

We study dynamic liquid bridge formation, which is relevant for wet granular flows involving highly viscous liquids and short collisions. Specifically, the drainage process of liquid adhering to two identical, non‐porous wet particles with different initial film heights is simulated using Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). We extract the position of the interface, and define the liquid bridge and its volume by detecting a characteristic neck position. This allows us building a dynamic model for predicting bridge volume, and the liquid remaining on the particle surface. Our model is based on two dimensionless mobility parameters, as well as a dimensionless time scale to describe the filling process. In the present work model parameters were calibrated with DNS data. We find that the proposed model structure is sufficient to collapse all our simulation data, indicating that our model is general enough to describe liquid bridge formation between equally sized particles. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1877–1897, 2016
Femoral facial syndrome associated with a de novo complex chromosome 2q37 rearrangement
Authors: Spielmann Malte , Marx Sylvie , Barbi Gotthold , Flöttmann Ricarda , Kehrer‐Sawatzki Hildegard , König Rainer , Horn Denise , Mundlos Stefan , Nader Sean , Borck Guntram
Published: January 2016

The femoral facial syndrome (FFS) is a rare congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by bilateral femoral hypoplasia and facial dysmorphism. The etiology of FFS is currently unknown but maternal/gestational diabetes has been proposed as a strong risk factor for syndromic femoral hypoplasia. In affected children born to non‐diabetic mothers, a genetic contribution to FFS is suspected; however, no chromosomal anomalies or gene mutations have been identified so far. Here, we report on a girl with FFS and a de novo complex chromosome rearrangement of terminal chromosome 2q37.2. Radiographs of the pelvis and lower limbs showed bilateral shortening and bowing of the femur and radiographs of hands and feet revealed a brachydactyly type E (BDE). Using high resolution array‐CGH, qPCR, and FISH, we detected a ∼1.9 Mb duplication in the chromosomal region 2q37.2 and a ∼5.4 Mb deletion on chromosome 2q37.3 that were absent in the parents. The duplication contains six genes and the deletion encompasses 68 genes; the latter has previously been shown to cause BDE (through haploinsufficiency for HDAC4) but not femoral hypoplasia. Therefore, we propose that the duplication 2q37.2 could be causative for the femur phenotype. To the best of our knowledge, our report is the first to propose a genetic cause in a case of FFS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Growth, nutritional, and gastrointestinal aspects of focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz–Gorlin syndrome)
Authors: Motil Kathleen J. , Fete Mary , Fete Timothy J.
Published: February 2016

Focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the PORCN gene located on the X‐chromosome. In the present study, we characterized the pattern of growth, body composition, and the nutritional and gastrointestinal aspects of children and adults (n = 19) affected with this disorder using clinical anthropometry and a survey questionnaire. The mean birth length (P < 0.06) and weight (P < 0.001) z‐scores of the participants were lower than the reference population. The mean head circumference (P < 0.001), height (length) (P < 0.001), weight (P < 0.01), and BMI (P < 0.05) for age z‐scores of the participants were lower than the reference population. The height‐for‐age and weight‐for‐age z‐scores of the participants did not differ significantly between birth and current measurements. Three‐fourths of the group reported having one or more nutritional or gastrointestinal problems including short stature (65%), underweight (77%), oral motor dysfunction (41%), gastroesophageal reflux (24%), gastroparesis (35%), and constipation (35%). These observations provide novel clinical information about growth, body composition, and nutritional and gastrointestinal aspects of children and adults with FDH and underscore the importance of careful observation and early clinical intervention in the care of individuals affected with this disorder. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
19F NMR and DFT Analysis Reveal Structural and Electronic Transition State Features for RhoA‐Catalyzed GTP Hydrolysis
Authors: Jin Yi , Molt Robert W. , Waltho Jonathan P. , Richards Nigel G. J. , Blackburn G. Michael
Published: January 2016

Molecular details for RhoA/GAP catalysis of the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP are poorly understood. We use 19F NMR chemical shifts in the MgF3− transition state analogue (TSA) complex as a spectroscopic reporter to indicate electron distribution for the γ‐PO3− oxygens in the corresponding TS, implying that oxygen coordinated to Mg has the greatest electron density. This was validated by QM calculations giving a picture of the electronic properties of the transition state (TS) for nucleophilic attack of water on the γ‐PO3− group based on the structure of a RhoA/GAP‐GDP‐MgF3− TSA complex. The TS model displays a network of 20 hydrogen bonds, including the GAP Arg85′ side chain, but neither phosphate torsional strain nor general base catalysis is evident. The nucleophilic water occupies a reactive location different from that in multiple ground state complexes, arising from reorientation of the Gln‐63 carboxamide by Arg85′ to preclude direct hydrogen bonding from water to the target γ‐PO3− group.