bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep neural networks and conventional machine learning classifiers to analyze thoracic survival data
Authors: Ika Agustyaningrum Cucu , Ramdhani Yudi , Purnama Alamsyah Doni , B. Hariyanto Oda I.
Published: July 2024

Lung cancer is a prevalent global health concern and most prevalent malignancy in Indonesian hospitals. Following thoracic surgery, patients were categorized into two classes: individuals who experienced mortality within a year and those who achieved survival. Despite being about socks, the dataset for the deceased category consisted of 70 data samples, while the dataset for the final group comprised 400 samples. Data calculation involves the utilization of both deep neural networks and standard machine learning algorithms. The study use the Python programming language to evaluate the algorithms, and it measures their performance using metrics such as accuracy, F1-Score, precision, recall, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and area under curve (AUC). The test results indicate that the deep neural network method achieves an accuracy of 95,56%, an F1 score of 79,24%, a precision of 91,96%, a recall of 85,52%, and an AUC of 85,52%. This study suggests that utilizing deep neural network data mining techniques, specifically with a cross-validation fold of 10, variations of six hidden layer encoder-decoder, relu, sigmoid activation function, optimizer Adam, and learning rate of 0,01, dropout rate of 0,2. Employing the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique data preprocessing method, can effectively analyze thoracic patient survival data sets.
Genome-Wide Analysis of GATA Transcription Factor Family in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): Identification, Characterization, and Expression Profiles
Authors: Le Thi Man ,   Faculty of Natural Sciences, Hung Vuong University, Phu Tho Province 35000, Vietnam, La Hong Viet , Chu Ha Duc , Ha Quyen Thi , Quynh Le Thi Ngoc , Huyen Tran Thi Thanh , Tien Tran Van , Gioi Dong Huy , Pham Minh Hong , Tran Vinh Thanh , Chu Thi Bich Ngoc , Cao Phi Bang ,   Institute of Research and Application, Hanoi Pedagogical University 2, Vinh Phuc Province 280000, Vietnam,   Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi, Hanoi City 122300, Vietnam,   Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi, Hanoi City 122300, Vietnam,   Department of Biotechnology, Thuyloi University, Hanoi City 122300, Vietnam,   Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi City 122300, Vietnam,   Faculty of Social Management, National Academy of Public Administration, Hanoi City 122300, Vietnam,   Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi City 122300, Vietnam,   Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi City 122300, Vietnam,   Faculty of Agro-Forestry-Aquaculture, Hung Vuong University, Phu Tho Province 35000, Vietnam,   Faculty of Natural Sciences, Hung Vuong University, Phu Tho Province 35000, Vietnam,   Faculty of Natural Sciences, Hung Vuong University, Phu Tho Province 35000, Vietnam
Published: July 2024

GATA-binding factor (GATA) proteins are the transcription factor (TF) family that are commonly involved in plant growth and development. The GATA TF family has been successfully identified and characterized for various higher plant species, but there is little research on the GATA TF family in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). In this present study, a total of 32 CqGATA genes were identified and analyzed in the quinoa genome. While the general features of the CqGATA TFs in quinoa were slightly variable, the majority of genes encoding the CqGATA TFs contained two and three exons. Our phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the CqGATA TFs could be classified into four different groups. Gene expression analysis indicated that the expression profiles of the CqGATA genes varied in different tissues. Overall, our study could provide a reference for further functional characterization of the CqGATA genes in quinoa.
Could Road Structures Impact the Avian Community? A Study Case from the South Coast Remained Forest in Malang Region, East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Nurrofik Agus ,   Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia, Hakim Luchman , Septiadi Luhur , Kurniawan Nia ,   Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia,   Wildlife Conservation Society, Indonesia Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bogor, West Java 16128, Indonesia,   Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
Published: July 2024

The remaining tropical forest on the south coast of the Malang region is one of the secluded areas that served as an important habitat for its biodiversity, particularly for avians. Nevertheless, the presence of the road structure that crosses over the forest might impact avian communities, which needs to be investigated. The avian survey was conducted to investigate the diversity, community profiles, abundance, and feeding guild based on two different ecosystem patches (on the roads versus outside the road structures) during January–April 2022. The audiovisual encounter methods were performed during the surveys on a total of ten sampling points. Avian species were identified using field guides where the conservation status was based on the national regulation (P106 KLHK), CITES, and IUCN Redlist. The comparison through the avian community based on species richness was analyzed using Venn Diagrams and predicted using rarefaction and interpolation curves on INEXT packages. Additionally, the comparison of sizes of avian abundance was investigated using the α-diversity parameter index, and the feeding guild was determined by five diet guilds. In total, 2536 individuals from 67 species, 34 families, and 13 orders were found during the survey. The avian communities were richer outside the road structure, but their abundance qualitatively reveals that both different ecosystem patches showed relatively good condition. Overall, road structures generate both positive (unique habitat patches) and negative (physical barriers that could disrupt natural ecological processes) impacts on avian diversity. In light of these, sustainable management and conservation action plans were urgently needed to prevent the negative effects on avian communities posed by the road structure.
Psychological and Physiological Changes in Firefighters Based on Roadside Flowerscape Models and Plant Colors
Authors: Jang Hye Sook , Kang Yun-Im , Suh Jung Nam , Seo Kyung Hye , Ahn Myung Suk
Published: July 2024

Background and objective: This study was conducted to examine the psychological and physiological changes in firefighters according to roadside flowerscape (RFS) models and color stimulation.Methods: EEG and ECG measurement was taken and a survey was conducted on a total of 30 firefighters with a mean age of 35.3 ± 9.4 years in Jeonju.Results: For the violet RFS among the four colors (white, yellow, pink, and violet) of the RFSs, RST(radio of SMR to theta), RSMT(ratio to mid beta to theta), RMT(ratio of mid beta to theta), RMB(relative mid beta power spectrum), and ASEF(spectral edge frequency of 50% alpha spectrum band), which is a comfort indicator, were the highest in all lobes, including the prefrontal lobe, a finding which was statistically significant. The radio of alpha to high beta (RAHB), an indicator of calm and relaxation, was the highest for the white flowerscape. As for the level of gardening activity, the higher the age, the higher the average monthly income and rank, and the longer work experience, the higher the average value. The stress level of firefighters was 46.7%, indicating the need for expert help. Among the four colors (white, yellow, pink, and violet) of the RFSs, the preference for the yellow flowerscape was the highest, and "pleasant" was also the most common emotion, a finding which was statistically significant. As for the correlation between loyalty to the RFSs and key variables, a positive correlation was found between loyalty and gardening activity level, while a negative correlation was found between loyalty and job burnout. By examining the effects of key variables, as well as demographic variables such as gardening activity level and job burnout on respondents' loyalty, a sense of calm was found to be the most influential variable.Conclusion: Based on these findings, it is expected that supporting the development of RFS models and improving a sense of calm and the level of gardening activities, which affect the loyalty of firefighters, who are high-risk workers, will reduce high stress levels and job burnout, and increase interest in plants and psychological and physiological relaxation effects.
Stress, Depression, Anxiety and Willingness to Seek Help of Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cong Le Minh , Tuong Nguyen Van , Ngoc Pham Thi Bich , Bui Ngoc Diem , Lieu Cao Xuan , Zawiejska Joanna
Published: July 2024

Background and objective: Although the serious stage of the COVID-19 pandemic has passed, the consequences are not only socio-economic but also affect the mental health of many people, in which healthcare workers tolerate the fiercest and longest-lasting consequences compared to other social groups in the community. This study aims to explore the status of healthcare workers' mental health and evaluate their capacity to effectively manage mental health issues in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Particularly, it explores the relationship between depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS) scale and seeking help from healthcare workers.Methods: The study was conducted from April 2022 to August 2022, using an online survey of 638 healthcare workers working at two frontline hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It was undertaken at two hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City (i.e., Cho Ray Hospital and the COVID-19 Resuscitation Hospital), facilitated through the social work departments of these hospitals.Results: The result shows that the majority of medical staff faces various mental health problems from mild to severe, with different degrees of severity, depending on the individual's psychological characteristics, gender, education level, and work position. The study also revealed a correlation between help-seeking attitudes and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. It shows that only a minority of healthcare workers have the attitude demonstrated a willingness to seek help and request assistance from psychologists when experiencing mental health issues.Conclusion: Policymakers should prioritize regular awareness campaigns during the initial phases of a pandemic to enhance motivation, knowledge, and preventative measures among healthcare workers. This approach can help identify mental health issues early and reduce the stigma of seeking support. Encouraging group psychotherapy and addressing cultural barriers in the medical field can increase trust in therapists and psychiatrists, improving overall mental well-being.
Arthroscopic Biceps Tenodesis With Interference Screw Fixation: A Technique Video
Authors: Forsythe Brian , Gamsarian Vahram , Patel Harsh H. , Berlinberg Elyse , Warrier Alec , Goheer Haseeb , Mirle Vikranth , Sivasundaram Lashmanan , Brusalis Christopher M.
Published: July 2024

Background:

Management of long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) pathology is accomplished through a biceps tenotomy or tenodesis. While both modalities provide beneficial outcomes, a biceps tenodesis may confer improved cosmesis, functional outcomes, and decreased muscle cramping postoperatively. Many procedural considerations are undertaken prior to a tenodesis, such as the surgical approach and fixation device. While similar clinical outcomes are achieved between an open subpectoral and arthroscopic suprapectoral biceps tenodesis (ASPBT) with interference screw (IS) fixation, the latter technique offers a minimally invasive modality.

Indications:

The primary indications for an ASPBT include superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) tears, LHBT tears, biceps instability, bicipital tunnel disease, biceps pulley lesions, and biceps tenosynovitis. Contraindications to the arthroscopic approach include a distal lesion of the biceps tendon below the pectoralis major tendon (PMT). The IS may be used to create a biomechanically stiffer construct.

Technique Description:

With the arthroscope in the lateral portal, the distal aspect of the bicipital groove proximal to the superior border of the PMT is identified and opened. The LHBT is subsequently mobilized and released. An anterosuperolateral portal is localized with a spinal needle positioned perpendicular to the bicipital tunnel, 1.5 cm proximal to the superior border of the PMT. The biceps is then removed ex vivo and whip-stitches are sewn beginning 1 cm proximal to the myotendinous junction of the LHBT. After firmly associating the LHBT with the tip of the IS, a guidewire is placed 1.5 cm superior to the superior border of the PMT, perpendicular to the humerus, and a reamer is used to prepare a 6-, 7-, or 8-mm diameter socket. The tendon is inserted through the accessory portal into the tunnel, followed by screw fixation. Suture tails are tied with 5 alternating half hitches, each secured via an arthroscopic knot pusher.

Results:

ASPBT with IS fixation provides significant pain relief, improves range of motion (ROM), and enhances quality of life.

Discussion:

ASPBT with IS fixation provides significant improvements in patient-reported and functional outcomes and thus can be an acceptable treatment for LHBT pathology.

Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:

The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Left atrial stiffness index – an early marker of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Tu Yingxuan , Liu Xin , Li Xiaoqing , Xue Na
Published: July 2024

Aims

To evaluate the correlation between left atrial stiffness index (LASI) and left ventricular diastolic function in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) by Autostrain LA technique.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis that included a total of 82 CHD patients who had suitable image quality for left atrial strain measurement. According to the 2016 ASE/EACVI guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of diastolic dysfunction, the patients were divided into three groups: normal left ventricular diastolic function group (n = 26), indeterminate left ventricular diastolic function (n = 36), and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) (n = 20). The left atrial conduit strain (LAScd), Left atrial contractile strain (LASct), left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) and its derived parameters, including LASI and left atrial filling index (LAFI), were compared among the three groups. Furthermore, we conduct a correlation analysis between LASI and left ventricular diastolic function in patients with CHD.

Results

LASr and LAScd in normal group were higher than those in indeterminate group, LASr and LAScd in indeterminate group were higher than those in LVDD group, LASI in normal group was lower than that in indeterminate group, and LASI in indeterminate group was lower than that in LVDD group (P < 0.001). LASct in both normal and indeterminate groups was higher than that in LVDD group (P < 0.05). The LAFI of normal group was lower than that of indeterminate group and LVDD group (P < 0.001). LASI was positively correlated with E/e’(r = 0.822) (P < 0.001). LASr and E/e’ were negatively correlated (r = -0.637) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

LASI is closely related to the changes of left ventricular diastolic function in CHD patients.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the cognitive functioning of patients institutionalized in nursing homes
Authors: Trevissón-Redondo Bibiana , Pérez-Boal Eduardo , Liébana-Presa Cristina , Martínez-Fernández María Cristina , Losa-Iglesias Marta Elena , Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo Ricardo , Martínez-Jiménez Eva María
Published: July 2024

Background

COVID-19 disease affected the cognitive level of institutionalized patients in nursing homes, especially in the older subjects regardless of gender. This study aims to assess cognitive impairment using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) before and after COVID-19 infection, and to determine whether these changes varied based on gender.

Methods

A pre- and post-COVID-19 study was conducted, involving 68 geriatric patients (34 men and 34 women) from two nursing homes. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the MMSE.

Results

COVID-19 infection had a notable impact on the cognitive health of older adults residing in nursing homes, primarily attributed to the social isolation they experienced. This effect was more pronounced in older individuals. A comparison of the MMSE results by gender before and after contracting COVID-19 revealed significant differences in attention and calculation, with women obtaining the worst score before the virus. However, following their recovery from the virus, men demonstrated significantly lower scores in time and space orientation and evocation.

Conclusion

COVID-19 has led to a decline in cognitive functioning, significantly worsening the mental state of older individuals, even after recovery from the virus. Consequently, it is crucial to implement proactive measures to prevent isolation and safeguard the cognitive well-being of this vulnerable population.
Epidemiological and microbial trends of infective endocarditis in western Norway: a 7-year prospective observational study
Authors: Jordal Stina , Kommedal Øyvind , Haaverstad Rune , Saeed Sahrai , Davidsen Einar Skulstad , Salminen Pirjo-Riitta , Hufthammer Karl Ove , Kittang Bård Reiakvam
Published: July 2024

Background

In this prospective, observational study, we aimed to investigate epidemiologic and microbial trends of infective endocarditis in western Norway.

Methods

Clinical and microbiological characteristics of 497 cases of infective endocarditis from 2016 through 2022 were investigated. Categorical data were analysed using Chi-squared tests. Survival data were analysed using multiple Cox regression and reported using hazard ratios.

Results

The mean age was 67 years, and 74% were men. The annual incidence rates varied from 10.4 to 14.1 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. Infective endocarditis on native valves was observed in 257 (52%) of the cases, whereas infective endocarditis on prosthetic valves and/or cardiac implantable electronic devices was observed in 240 (48%) of the cases: infection on surgically implanted bioprostheses was observed in 124 (25%) of the patients, infection on transcatheter aortic valve implantation was observed in 47 (10%) patients, and infection on mechanical valves was observed in 34 (7%) cases. Infection related to cardiac implantable electronic devices was observed in a total of 50 (10%) cases.

Staphylococcus aureus and viridans streptococci were the most common microbial causes, and isolated in 145 (29%) and 130 (26%) of the cases, respectively.

Enterococcal endocarditis showed a rising trend during the study period and constituted 90 (18%) of our total cases of infective endocarditis, and 67%, 47%, and 26% of the cases associated with prosthetic material, transcatheter aortic valve implantation and cardiac implantable electronic devices, respectively.

There was no significant difference in 90-day mortality rates between the native valve endocarditis group (12%) and the group with infective endocarditis on prosthetic valves or cardiac implants (14%), p = 0.522. In a model with gender, age, people who inject drugs, microbiology and type of valve affected, only advanced age was significantly associated with fatal outcome within 90 days.

Conclusions

The incidence of infective endocarditis, and particularly enterococcal endocarditis, increased during the study period. Enterococci appeared to have a particular affinity for prosthetic cardiac material. Advanced age was the only independent risk factor for death within 90 days.
A randomized controlled trial of a self-led, virtual reality-based cognitive behavioral therapy on sick role adaptation in colorectal cancer patients: study protocol
Authors: Li Xinxin , Wu Xiaodan , Chen Chao , Chao Huaxiang , Xie Jingyue , Du Qianqian , Zhang Meifen
Published: July 2024

Background

Significant concomitants of the sick role maladaptation in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients include inappropriate cognitions, emotional states, and overt conducts associated to disease. This protocol was developed to implement and evaluate the effects of a self-led, virtual reality-based cognitive behavioral therapy (VR-CBT) on the sick role adaptation among working-age CRC patients.

Methods

This is an assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trail that adheres to the SPIRIT 2013 Statement guidelines. A total of 60 working-age CRC patients will be recruited from the colorectal wards of a cancer center and randomly assigned to the VR-CBT group or attention control (AC) group. The VR-CBT group will receive a 7-sessions VR-CBT targeted to sick role adaptation, while the AC group will receive weekly attention at the same time the VR-CBT group receives the intervention. The sick role adaptation, anxiety and depression, illness perceptions, and quality of life will be measured at baseline, 1, 2 and 3-month after completion of the intervention. Side-effects related to VR in the VR-CBT group will be measured at the end of each session. The participants will receive invitations to participate in semi-structured interviews to explore their experiences with the intervention.

Discussion

The positive outcomes and user experience of VR-CBT will advance researches on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions that aims to promote adaptation to the unexpected sick role on cancer populations. This protocol can be tested as an accessible and feasible alternative to traditional high-cost treatment in a randomized controlled study to improve the outcomes of younger cancer survivors.

Trial registration.

The protocol was registered on 21 June, 2023 in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No.: ChiCTR2300072699) at https://www.chictr.org.cn/.
Social anxiety and attentional bias to negative emotional information: the relationship and intervention
Authors: Liu Chen , Elhai Jon D. , Montag Christian , Yang Haibo
Published: July 2024

Background

According to the cognitive behavioral model of social anxiety, attentional bias to negative emotional information causes and maintains anxiety. The goal of attentional bias modification (ABM) is to reduce anxiety by reducing attention bias to negative emotional information.

Method

We used questionnaires and experiments to explore the improvement effect of ABM training on social anxiety in college students. In Study 1, we used dot-probe tasks to investigate the attentional bias to negative emotional information and the relationship with social anxiety severity in college students. In Study 2, college students with high social anxiety were divided into two groups: attentional bias modification training task group (ABM) and attention control condition task group (ACC). The ABM group received a continuous intervention for 10 days to observe changes in social anxiety levels and attentional bias scores in the pretest and posttest stages.

Results

The results showed that the correlation of attentional bias to negative emotional information and social anxiety severity was significant. Meanwhile, the high social anxiety participants responded more quickly to negative emotional information. After the intervention, social anxiety levels and attentional bias scores of the training group were significantly reduced.

Conclusions

The results showed that attentional bias modification training can reduce attentional bias to negative emotional information in college students with social anxiety and effectively improve their social anxiety.
Factors associated with dental clinic use by clients in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Adeyemo Yewande Isabella , Karimi Mahsa , Oziegbe Elizabeth , Popoola Bamidele Olubukola , Alade Michael , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza , Murtomaa Heikki T. , Oni Tosin Olajide , Eigbobo Joycelyn Odegua , Onyejaka Nneka Kate , Olatosi Olubukola Olamide , Nzomiwu Chioma Love , Malami Abdulrahman Bala , Chukwumah Nneka Maureen , Soyoye Olabimpe Abigail , Khami Mohammad Reza , Foláyan Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn
Published: July 2024

Background

Nigeria, like many other countries, faced challenges in dental care provision during the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitating limited care to emergencies only. However, the impact of restricted access to dental services on oral health remains a concern, particularly w﻿ith preventive maintenance care. This study aims to identify the factors associated with dental service utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic among patients attending dental clinics in Nigeria, and their sources of information about COVID-19.

Methods

This cross-sectional study recruited 500 participants who had visited dental clinics before and during the pandemic. Data were collected through telephone interviews and online questionnaires betw﻿een September and December 2021. Inferential analyses were conducted using ordered logistic regression models to assess the association between the independent (awareness of emergency dental treatments, knowledge of COVID-19 transmission routes in dentistry, awareness of required preparations in dental practice settings, fear of COVID-19 infection in dental settings), and dependent (utilization of dental services during the pandemic) variables after adjusting for confounding variables (age, sex, educational status, COVID-19 vaccinations status and COVID-19 status of live-in residents). The sources of COVID-19 information by dental patients was also identified. Statistical significance was established at 95% confidence level with a p value < 0.05.

Results

Many participants were males (51.2%) and had tertiary education (61.6%). Fear of COVID-19 infection in dental settings was significantly associated with lower odds of utilizing dental care services during the pandemic (Adjusted Odds Ratio: -0.06, 95% Confidence Interval: -0.08, -0.01). The main sources of COVID-19 information were mass media and social networks, with only 42% receiving information from dental professionals.

Conclusion

Fear of COVID-19 infection in dental settings significantly influenced dental service utilization during the pandemic. Strategies to address fear and improve communication channels between dental professionals and patients are essential for promoting oral health during similar crises.
MiR-155 deficiency and hypoxia results in metabolism switch in the leukemic B-cells
Authors: Golovina Elena , Heizer Tomas , Daumova Lenka , Bajecny Martin , Fontana Simona , Griggio Valentina , Jones Rebecca , Coscia Marta , Riganti Chiara , Savvulidi Vargova Karina
Published: July 2024

Hypoxia represents one of the key factors that stimulates the growth of leukemic cells in their niche. Leukemic cells in hypoxic conditions are forced to reprogram their original transcriptome, miRNome, and metabolome. How the coupling of microRNAs (miRNAs)/mRNAs helps to maintain or progress the leukemic status is still not fully described. MiRNAs regulate practically all biological processes within cells and play a crucial role in the development/progression of leukemia. In the present study, we aimed to uncover the impact of hsa-miR-155-5p (miR-155, MIR155HG) on the metabolism, proliferation, and mRNA/miRNA network of human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (CLL) in hypoxic conditions. As a model of CLL, we used the human MEC-1 cell line where we deleted mature miR-155 with CRISPR/Cas9. We determined that miR-155 deficiency in leukemic MEC-1 cells results in lower proliferation even in hypoxic conditions in comparison to MEC-1 control cells. Additionally, in MEC-1 miR-155 deficient cells we observed decreased number of populations of cells in S phase. The miR-155 deficiency under hypoxic conditions was accompanied by an increased apoptosis. We detected a stimulatory effect of miR-155 deficiency and hypoxia at the level of gene expression, seen in significant overexpression of EGLN1, GLUT1, GLUT3 in MEC-1 miR-155 deficient cells. MiR-155 deficiency and hypoxia resulted in increase of glucose and lactate uptake. Pyruvate, ETC and ATP were reduced. To conclude, miR-155 deficiency and hypoxia affects glucose and lactate metabolism by stimulating the expression of glucose transporters as GLUT1, GLUT3, and EGLN1 [Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 2 (HIF-PH2)] genes in the MEC-1 cells.
HER3 receptor and its role in the therapeutic management of metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Zhu Meiying , Yu Minghui , Meng Yuan , Yang Jie , Wang Xuerui , LI Longhui , Liang Yangyueying , Kong Fanming
Published: July 2024

Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) poses a significant threat to women's health and is a major cause of malignant neoplasms in women. Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)3, an integral member of the ErbB/HER receptor tyrosine kinase family, is a crucial activator of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. HER3 overexpression significantly contributes to the development of resistance to drugs targeting other HER receptors, such as HER2 and epidermal growth factor receptors, and plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of mBC. Recently, numerous HER3-targeted therapeutic agents, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), bispecific antibodies (bAbs), and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), have emerged. However, the efficacy of HER3-targeted mAbs and bAbs is limited when used individually, and their combination may result in toxic adverse effects. On the other hand, ADCs are cytotoxic to cancer cells and can bind to target cells through antibodies, which highlights their use in targeted HER3 therapy for mBC. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in HER3 research, historical initiatives, and innovative approaches in targeted HER3 therapy for metastatic breast cancer. Evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of current methods may yield valuable insights and lessons.
A rare adult case of primary uterine rhabdomyosarcoma with mixed pattern: a clinicopathological & immunohistochemical study with literature review
Authors: Kamel Nehal K.H. , Hasby Eiman Adel
Published: July 2024

Background

Rhabdomyosarcomas are aggressive tumors that comprise a group of morphologically similar but biologically diverse lesions. Owing to its rarity, Mixed pattern RMS (ARMS and ERMS) constitutes a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma.

Case

Herein is presented a very rare case of mixed alveolar & embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in the uterus of a 68-year-old woman. The wall of the uterine corpus & cervix was replaced by multiple whitish–yellow, firm nodules, measuring up to 12 cm. Microscopically, the tumor was predominantly composed of round to polygonal cells arranged in nests with alveolar pattern intermingled with hypo- & hypercellular areas of more primitive cells with scattered multinucleated giant cells seen as well. Extensive sampling failed to show epithelial elements. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive staining for vimentin, desmin, myogenin, CD56 & WT-1. However, no staining was detected for CK, LCA, CD10, ER, SMA, CD99, S100, Cyclin-D1 & Olig-2. Metastatic deposits were found in the peritoneum. The patient received postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy but died of systemic metastases 3 months after surgery.

Conclusion

The rarity of this histological tumor entity and its aggressive behavior and poor prognosis grab attention to improving recognition and treatment modalities in adults.
Breastfeeding – a survey of fathers’ support needs and preferred sources of information
Authors: Gebremariam Kidane Tadesse , Wynter Karen , Zheng Miaobing , Rawstorn Jonathan Charles , Denney-Wilson Elizabeth , Laws Rachel
Published: July 2024

Background

Fathers can be a critical source of breastfeeding support for their partner, but little is known about what fathers would like to learn about breastfeeding. Partner’s support and encouragement enhances mother’s breastfeeding confidence and boost the capacity to address breastfeeding difficulties effectively. The aims of this study were to explore what fathers regard as important to learn around breastfeeding, and their current and preferred sources of information.

Methods

A structured online survey was conducted, between September 2022 and November 2022, with fathers containing three sections: (1) sociodemographic variables; (2) perceived importance of 26 breastfeeding topics; and (3) sources of breastfeeding information. A convenience sample of expectant and current fathers aged 18 years or older, who were expecting a baby or had a child aged one year or younger, living in Australia, and able to complete survey in English was recruited. Participants were recruited on Facebook advertisement.

Results

A total of 174 fathers participated in the study, majority (75%) were aged 30–39 years, current dads (74%), and university educated (69%). The breastfeeding topics that fathers perceived as the most important/ important to learn about were how to work with their partner to overcome breastfeeding challenges, how fathers can be involved with their breastfed baby, the types of support fathers can provide to breastfeeding mothers, what to expect in the first week and the benefits of breastfeeding. The most preferred health professional sources of breastfeeding information were midwives, child and family nurses and doctors. Among non-health professional sources of support, mobile app, friends and family were most popular.

Conclusion

Breastfeeding information to enhance fathers’ knowledge and awareness of common breastfeeding challenges, and fathers’ role in supporting their breastfeeding partner, appear to be (most) important for fathers. Mobile app appears to be among the most preferred non-health professional ways to provide breastfeeding information to fathers.
Reflections on the challenges of conducting an international multicentre randomized controlled trial of balance training in addition to pulmonary rehabilitation and its impact on fall incidence in people with COPD
Authors: Newman Anastasia N. L. , Beauchamp Marla K. , Ellerton Cindy , Goldstein Roger , Alison Jennifer A. , Dechman Gail , Haines Kimberley J. , Harrison Samantha L. , Holland Anne E. , Lee Annemarie L. , Marques Alda , Spencer Lissa , Stickland Michael K. , Skinner Elizabeth H. , Camp Pat G. , Kho Michelle E. , Brooks Dina
Published: July 2024

Background

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is accepted as standard care for individuals with COPD. We conducted an international, multi-centred randomized controlled trial (RCT) to determine if adding balance training to PR would reduce the incidence of falls in people with COPD. While there have been many trials investigating the effectiveness of PR, few have involved international collaboration. Successful execution of rehabilitation trials requires a significant investment of time, staffing, and resources. With the recent completion of the Balance Training for Fall Reduction in COPD RCT, we report on the design, implementation, and execution of our trial using project management phases. We also highlight our lessons learned for consideration in future multi-centre rehabilitation trials.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of the planning, preparation, timelines, and personnel training involved in the execution of this study using four of the five project management phases described by Farrell et al. in 2010: (1) initiation, (2) planning, (3) execution, and (4) monitoring and controlling. We report descriptive statistics as percentages and counts and summarize our lessons learned.

Results

Ten outpatient PR programs in three continents participated. Thirty-one personnel worked on the trial across all sites. Enrolment began in January 2017 and was suspended in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Approximately 1275 patients were screened, 455 (36%) were eligible, 258 (57%) consented, 243 (53%) participated, and 130 (61%) completed the 12-month follow-up assessment. Lessons learned through our experience included (1) ensuring awareness of funder policies and considering the impact on collaborating sites; (2) preparing for the possibility of human resource and program disruptions; (3) anticipating site dropout and having a contingency plan in place; (4) planning and monitoring process measure data before, during, and after trial initiation; (5) ensuring frequent and consistent communication with and between collaborating sites; (6) maximizing features of database platform to ensure data set completeness and controlled data access; and (7) identifying strategies for increasing patient engagement in a high-demand study.

Conclusions

We identify seven lessons learned through our experience conducting an international, multicentre rehabilitation-based RCT. These lessons can provide guidance to other trialists conducting studies with similar logistics and may assist with future trial planning and implementation.
Bringing optimised COVID-19 vaccine schedules to immunocompromised populations (BOOST-IC): study protocol for an adaptive randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Griffin David W. J. , Dymock Michael , Wong Germaine , Morrissey C. Orla , Lewin Sharon R. , Cheng Allen C. , Howard Kirsten , Marsh Julie A. , Subbarao Kanta , Hagenauer Michelle , Roney Janine , Cunningham Anthony , Snelling Tom , McMahon James H.
Published: July 2024

Background

Immunocompromised hosts (ICH) experience more breakthrough infections and worse clinical outcomes following infection with COVID-19 than immunocompetent people. Prophylactic monoclonal antibody therapies can be challenging to access, and escape variants emerge rapidly. Immunity conferred through vaccination remains a central prevention strategy for COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccines do not elicit optimal immunity in ICH but boosting, through additional doses of vaccine improves humoral and cellular immune responses. This trial aims to assess the immunogenicity and safety of different COVID-19 vaccine booster strategies against SARS-CoV-2 for ICH in Australia.

Methods

Bringing optimised COVID-19 vaccine schedules to immunocompromised populations (BOOST-IC) is an adaptive randomised trial of one or two additional doses of COVID-19 vaccines 3 months apart in people living with HIV, solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, or those who have haematological malignancies (chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma or multiple myeloma). Key eligibility criteria include having received 3 to 7 doses of Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)-approved COVID-19 vaccines at least 3 months earlier, and having not received SARS-CoV-2-specific monoclonal antibodies in the 3 months prior to receiving the study vaccine. The primary outcome is the geometric mean concentration of anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) 28 days after the final dose of the study vaccine. Key secondary outcomes include anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG titres and the proportion of people seroconverting 6 and 12 months after study vaccines, local and systemic reactions in the 7 days after vaccination, adverse events of special interest, COVID-19 infection, mortality and quality of life.

Discussion

This study will enhance the understanding of COVID-19 vaccine responses in ICH, and enable the development of safe, and optimised vaccine schedules in people with HIV, SOT, or haematological malignancy.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05556720. Registered on 23rd August 2022.
Economic analysis of digital motor rehabilitation technologies: a systematic review
Authors: Agbemanyole Koffi Adzinyo , Agbohessou Kokouvi Geovani , Pons Christelle , Lenca Philippe , Rémy-Néris Olivier , Goff-Pronost Myriam Le
Published: July 2024

Rehabilitation technologies offer promising opportunities for interventions for patients with motor disabilities. However, their use in routine care remains limited due to their high cost and persistent doubts about their cost-effectiveness. Providing solid evidence of the economic efficiency of rehabilitation technologies would help dispel these doubts in order to better take advantage of these technologies. In this context, this systematic review aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions based on the use of digital technologies. In total, 660 articles published between 2011 and 2021 were identified, of which eleven studies met all the inclusion criteria. Of these eleven studies, seven proved to be cost-effective, while four were not. Four studies used cost-utility analyses (CUAs) and seven used cost-minimization analyses (CMAs). The majority (ten studies) focused on the rehabilitation of the upper and/or lower limbs after a stroke, while only one study examined the rehabilitation of the lower limbs after knee arthroplasty. Regarding the evaluated devices, seven studies analyzed the cost-effectiveness of robotic rehabilitation and four analyzed rehabilitation with virtual reality.The assessment of the quality of the included studies using the CHEERS (Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards) suggested that the quality was related to the economic analysis method: all studies that adopted a cost-utility analysis obtained a high quality score (above 80%), while the quality scores of the cost-minimization analyses were average, with the highest score obtained by a CMA being 72%. The average quality score of all the articles was 75%, ranging between 52 and 100. Of the four studies with a considering score, two concluded that there was equivalence between the intervention and conventional care in terms of cost-effectiveness, one concluded that the intervention dominated, while the last one concluded that usual care dominated. This suggests that even considering the quality of the included studies, rehabilitation interventions based on digital technologies remain cost-effective, they improved health outcomes and quality of life for patients with motor disorders while also allowing cost savings.
Associations between dietary potassium intake and urinary potassium excretion: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Morimoto Nobuhisa , Jamil Hasan , Alakkari Mohab , Joyama Yuki , Anzai Tatsuhiko , Takahashi Kunihiko , Iimori Soichiro
Published: July 2024

Background

While numerous studies have reported associations between low dietary potassium intake and adverse clinical outcomes, methods to estimate potassium intake, mainly self-reported dietary measures and urinary potassium excretion, entail certain limitations. Self-reported measures are subject to underreporting and overreporting. Urinary potassium excretion is affected by multiple factors including renal function. Revealing the degree of bias inherent in these measures would help accurately assess potassium intake and its association with disease risk. We aim to summarize evidence on the strength of the associations between potassium intake estimated from 24-h urinary potassium excretion and potassium intake estimated from self-reported dietary measures or objective quantification methods in populations with different kidney function levels and age groups. We also aim to identify factors that affect the association strength.

Methods

We will search for potentially eligible studies that examined associations between self-reported potassium intake, 24-h urinary potassium excretion, and objectively quantified potassium intake, using MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies on children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly are eligible. Studies of patients on dialysis will be excluded. Collective study results, including a meta-analysis, will be synthesized if an adequate number of studies examining similar dietary potassium intake estimation methods are found. Analyses will be performed separately according to age groups and renal function. For the meta-analysis, fixed-effects or random-effect models will be employed depending on the degree of study heterogeneity to combine across studies the correlation coefficient, ratio, or standardized mean difference for potassium intake, comparing dietary potassium intake based on self-reported or objectively quantified methods and intake based on 24-h urinary potassium excretion. The degree of heterogeneity among included studies will be examined by calculating I2 statistics. To investigate sources of study heterogeneity, random-effects meta-regression analyses will be performed.

Discussion

Revealing the strength of the association between dietary and urinary measures in populations with different levels of kidney function and age groups will enhance researchers’ and clinicians’ ability to interpret studies that utilize these measures and help establish a more solid evidence base for the role of potassium intake in changing chronic disease risk. Identifying factors that modify the associations between these measures may aid in developing predictive models to estimate actual potassium intake.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42022357847.
An intelligent decision system for virtual machine migration based on specific Q-learning
Authors: Zhu Xinying , Xia Ran , Zhou Hang , Zhou Shuo , Liu Haoran
Published: July 2024

Due to the convenience of virtualization, the live migration of virtual machines is widely used to fulfill optimization objectives in cloud/edge computing. However, live migration may lead to side effects and performance degradation when migration is overused or an unreasonable migration process is carried out. One pressing challenge is how to capture the best opportunity for virtual machine migration. Leveraging rough sets and AI, this paper provides an innovative strategy based on Q-learning that is designed for migration decisions. The highlight of our strategy is the harmonious mechanism for applying rough sets and Q-learning. For the ABDS (adaptive boundary decision system) strategy in this paper, the exploration space of Q learning is confined by the boundary region of rough sets, while the thresholds of the boundary region can be dynamically adjusted by the reaction results from the computing cluster. The structure and mechanism of the ABDS strategy are described in this paper. The corresponding experiments show a firm advantage for the cooperation of rough sets and reinforcement learning algorithms. Considering both the energy consumption and application performance, the ABDS strategy in this paper outperforms the benchmark strategies in comprehensive performance.
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome: new perspectives on salivary gland epithelial cells
Authors: Hou Jiaqi , Feng Yiyi , Yang Zhixia , Ding Yimei , Cheng Dandan , Shi Zhonghao , Li Rouxin , Xue Luan
Published: July 2024

Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease primarily affecting exocrine glands such as the salivary glands, leading to impaired secretion and sicca symptoms. As the mainstay of salivation, salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) have an important role in the pathology of pSS. Emerging evidence suggests that the interplay between immunological factors and SGECs may not be the initial trigger or the sole mechanism responsible for xerostomia in pSS, challenging conventional perceptions. To deepen our understanding, current research regarding SGECs in pSS was reviewed. Among the extensive aberrations in cellular architecture and function, this review highlighted certain alterations of SGECs that were identified to occur independently of or in absence of lymphocytic infiltration. In particular, some of these alterations may serve as upstream factors of immuno-inflammatory responses. These findings underscore the significance of introspecting the pathogenesis of pSS and developing interventions targeting SGECs in the early stages of the disease.

Graphical Abstract