bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reference range for C1-esterase inhibitor (C1 INH) in the third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Tanaka Kayo , Enomoto Naosuke , Takakura Sho , Magawa Shoichi , Maki Shintaro , Nii Masafumi , Toriyabe Kuniaki , Katsuragi Shinji , Ikeda Tomoaki
Published: September 2020

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to (i) establish the reference range and mean value for normal levels of C1-esterase inhibitor (C1 INH) during pregnancy, and (ii) investigate the association between C1 INH and uterine atony, as measured by blood loss at delivery.

Methods

We prospectively studied 200 healthy pregnant women who were registered. We studied C1 INH levels in 188 women at 34 and 35 gestational weeks of pregnancy. The reference range for C1 INH during the third trimester of pregnancy was calculated using the value of C1 INH that was determined at registration.

Results

The mean value of C1 INH was determined to be 70.3% (95% confidence interval, 68.7–71.9). While the C1 INH levels in four women were determined to be 40% lower than the calculated mean value, amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) did not occur in any of the women studied.

Conclusions

This study successfully demonstrated that a reference value for C1 INH activity can be established using the methods described herein. Further research is needed to determine whether C1 INH is involved in obstetric coagulopathy syndrome such as amniotic fluid embolism.
Antenatal and perinatal outcomes of refugees in high income countries
Authors: Sturrock Sarah , Williams Emma , Greenough Anne
Published: September 2020

Objectives

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has highlighted a marked trend for worse pregnancy-related indicators in migrants, such as maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, poor mental health and suboptimal care. The aim of this study was to determine whether such adverse outcomes occurred in refugees who moved to high income countries by comparing their antenatal and perinatal outcomes to those of non-immigrant women.

Methods

A literature search was undertaken. Embase and Medline databases were searched using Ovid. Search terms included “refugee”, “pregnan*” or “neonat*”, and “outcome”.

Results

The search yielded 194 papers, 23 were included in the final analysis. All the papers included were either retrospective cohort or cross-sectional studies. The refugees studied originated from a wide variety of source countries, including Eritrea, Somalia, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria. Refugee women were more likely to be socially disadvantaged, but less likely to smoke or take illegal drugs during pregnancy. Refugee women were more likely to have poor, late, or no attendance at antenatal care. Miscarriages and stillbirth were more common amongst refugee women than non-refugees. Perinatal mortality was higher among refugees.

Conclusions

Despite better health care services in high income countries, refugee mothers still had worse outcomes. This may be explained by their late or lack of attendance to antenatal care.
Addressing Instability in Thailand’s Deep South with Law and Development
Authors: Nuchpiam Prapin , Prateeppornnarong Dhiyathad
Published: September 2020

This article approaches the long-standing instability in the southernmost part of Thailand, where a vast majority of the population is Muslim, from a law and development perspective. The instability has resulted from a highly complicated conflict, of which religious and ethnic differences, political conflict, and even organized crime are generally claimed as the main causes. The article directs its attention to a sense of resentment among the Muslim population, which has arisen from enduring economic disparities and injustice they have suffered at the hands of the authorities. Addressing these two closely related issues certainly does not lead to a resolution of the conflict, but tackling them in an interrelated manner at least clarifies one of its significant aspects and contributes in a meaningful way to the ongoing search for a sustainable peace in Thailand’s southernmost region. The law and development approach we have adopted for this study attempts to show how the existing regulatory design (laws, legal frameworks, institutions) has been implemented – that is, how it has been complied with in terms of generation of action programs and strategies (in the form of security operations and development initiatives) and to what effect. Based on our findings, the quality of the implementation represents a major condition for the failure of the law and development implementation in Thailand’s Deep South. We therefore highlight the necessity of genuine political will and the enhancement of the state capacity for law enforcement through eradication of corruption and opportunistic crime as a feasible solution in this context.
Comparability in evolutionary biology: The case of Darwin’s barnacles
Authors: Bromham Lindell
Published: September 2020

Language change and biological evolution are sufficiently similar that biologists and linguists often face similar challenges in reconstructing paths of historical change connecting different species or languages. Tracing evolutionary change over time requires us to consider how shared features have been modified in different lineages since they shared a common ancestor, and this means we have to be able to establish meaningful comparability between traits. In some cases, we may wish to understand how the same ancestral trait has been modified in each lineage in response to different pressures. But in other cases, we may wish to ask whether particular traits often arise in response to certain circumstances. Biologists must therefore consider different reasons for similarities between species, and choose to compare those traits that are relevant to the story they want to tell. To reconstruct histories of change, we need to compare homologous traits (those similar due to shared ancestry). But comparing analogous traits (independently derived but similar traits) highlights how separate evolutionary lineages can find similar solutions to common problems. I will illustrate the importance of comparability in constructing evolutionary explanations using one of the more obscure yet fascinating examples of Charles Darwin’s scientific researches, his multi-volume taxonomic treatise on barnacles. Darwin faced the challenge of how to explain the evolutionary trajectory of unique and highly modified traits that appear to have no equivalents in related taxa. He did this by tracing the development of unique traits within growing individuals, looking for variation in these strange adaptations between individuals, and comparing them across species that varied in their degree of modification from their ancestor. Using meticulous observations to establish comparability, even in such an incomparable animal as the barnacle, he could reconstruct plausible evolutionary explanations for even the most bizarrely modified traits, such as the presence of parasitic males and the invention of the cement that sticks barnacles to rocks, boats and whales. Nowadays, scientists increasingly rely on DNA evidence to trace evolutionary paths, which brings both advantages and challenges in establishing comparability. Even if you, like most people, are not particularly interested in barnacles, Darwin’s underappreciated taxonomic work is a surprisingly good place to go to if you want to think about the issue of comparability and why it matters to understanding evolution.
Fifty shades of grue: Indeterminate categories and induction in and out of the language sciences
Authors: Spike Matthew
Published: September 2020

It is hard to define structural categories of language (e.g. noun, verb, adjective) in a way which accounts for linguistic variation. This leads Haspelmath to make the following claims: i) unlike in biology and chemistry, there are nonatural kindsin language; ii) there is a fundamental distinction betweendescriptiveandcomparativelinguistic categories, and; iii) generalisations based on comparisons between languages canin principletell us nothing about specific languages. The implication is that cross-linguistic categories cannot support scientific induction. I disagree: generalisations on the basis of linguistic comparison should inform the language sciences. Haspelmath is not alone in identifying a connection between the nature of the categories we use and the kind of inferences we can make (e.g. Goodman’s ‘new riddle of induction’), but he is both overly pessimistic about categories in language and overly optimistic about categories in other sciences: biology and even chemistry work with categories which are indeterminate to some degree. Linguistic categories are clusters of co-occurring properties with variable instantiations, but this does not mean that we should dispense with them: if linguistic generalisations reliably lead to predictions about individual languages, and if we can integrate them into more sophisticated causal explanations, then there is noa priorirequirement for a fundamental descriptive/comparative distinction. Instead, we should appreciate linguistic variation as a key component of our explanations rather than a problem to be dealt with.
Validating the relationships: which species of Myotis “nattereri” group (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) actually inhabits the Caucasus
Authors: Kruskop Sergei V. , Solovyeva Evgeniya N.
Published: September 2020

Due to their conservative morphology, the complexity of the taxonomic composition of the Myotis “nattereri” species complex was highly underestimated until recently. In recent studies, the form inhabiting the Caucasus region was allocated to the species Myotis tschuliensis. However, no molecular data was available from its type territory in Turkmenistan. We successfully isolated DNA from two paratypes of M. tschuliensis stored in the Zoological museum of Moscow State University and obtained partial sequences of the mitochondrial gene ND1. The analysis of the DNA showed that the specimens from the Caucasus and Turkmenistan undoubtedly belong to the same genetic lineage. However, morphometric analysis of cranial and dental features showed that the Caucasus and Turkmenistan populations differ from each other approximately to the same extent as M. tschuliensis from M. nattereri. It is possible that there is a still undescribed geographical race in the Caucasus. However, final clarification of the taxonomic status of this population requires more extensive studies, both genetic and morphological.
Ultralow threshold blue quantum dot lasers: what’s the true recipe for success?
Authors: Raun Alexander , Hu Evelyn
Published: September 2020

The family of III-nitride materials has provided a platform for tremendous advances in efficient solid-state lighting sources such as light-emitting diodes and laser diodes. In particular, quantum dot (QD) lasers using the InGaN/GaN material system promise numerous benefits to enhance photonic performance in the blue wavelength regime. Nevertheless, issues of strained growth and difficulties in producing InGaN QDs with uniform composition and size pose daunting challenges in achieving an efficient blue laser. Through a review of two previous studies on InGaN/GaN QD microdisk lasers, we seek to provide a different perspective and approach in better understanding the potential of QD emitters. The lasers studied in this paper contain gain material where QDs are sparsely distributed, comprise a wide distribution of sizes, and are intermixed with “fragmented” quantum well (fQW) material. Despite these circumstances, the use of microdisk cavities, where a few distinct, high-quality modes overlap the gain region, not only produces ultralow lasing thresholds (∼6.2 μJ/cm2) but also allows us to analyze the dynamic competition between QDs and fQWs in determining the final lasing wavelength. These insights can facilitate “modal” optimization of QD lasing and ultimately help to broaden the use of III-nitride QDs in devices.
Expanding Nonprofit Advocacy
Authors: Berry Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2020

Expanding Nonprofit Advocacy. This paper calls for regulatory changes that would clarify the rules around advocacy by 501(c)(3) nonprofits. It is common for leaders of such nonprofits to misinterpret these rules and to believe that they are much more restrictive than they really are. This results in less nonprofit advocacy and, consequentially, less representation of interests that are chronically underrepresented.
The Impact of Power and Power Relationships in the Public Policy Formulation Process: A Case Study of the Formulation Process of 2014 Tanzania’s Education and Training Policy
Authors: Kapilima Vivian Christopher
Published: September 2020

Power struggle among stakeholders in public policy formulation process is a common phenomenon in a state informed by democratic politics. The extent of its gravity could have positive or negative implication in policy legitimacy, ownership, and implementation processes. The formulation process of Tanzania’s Education and Training Policy (ETP) of 2014 saw a substantial varied set of competing stakeholders. Each set of actors exerted a different amount of power, which subsequently impacted the policy process. Empirical data revealed that the process was dominated by government officials and few prominent as well as powerful Community-Based Organizations. Recommendations from such categories of stakeholders were likely to be included in the policy document, unlike those from the powerless, non-famous, and ordinary citizens. Besides, scarcity of resources and persuasion through arguments, which enter the category of politics of policy making process, coupled with opposing values and interests of policy actors were the main factors that determined powers over decision making. Therefore, this article suggests that a big enough budget should be provided to the entire policy formulation process, and a need to put, in place, effective power balancing mechanisms with a view to widen and deepen the level of stakeholders’ participation in policy formulation process.
Den Menschen neu denken im Anthropozän
Authors: Wulf Christoph
Published: September 2020

Davon ausgehend, dass Natur und Kultur das gemeinsame Erbe des Menschen bilden, wird dargestellt, was wir unter dem Anthropozän verstehen. Es werden die ungewollten Wirkungen der Industrialisierung und Modernisierung untersucht. Dazu gehören der Klimawandel, die Zerstörung der Biodiversität, die gestörten biogeochemischen Kreisläufe, die Versauerung der Ozeane und die Verschmutzung des Planeten mit der Gefahr der Zerstörung der Lebensgrundlagen der Menschen, Tiere und Pflanzen. Welche Rolle spielen in diesem Prozess die Maschinen? Ohne ihre Erfindung wäre es nicht zu diesem Prozess mit seinen zahlreichen Nebenwirkungen gekommen. Ihre Entwicklung reicht von der Dampfmaschine über die Prothetik bis zur Robotik. Ein wichtiger Motor der Entwicklung sind heute die digitale Kultur und die Künstlichen Intelligenz. Lassen sich diese auch für die nachhaltige Entwicklung nutzen? Ohne die Digitalisierung wäre es nicht zu den Entwicklungen der Gentechnologie gekommen. Mit der Erfindung und Nutzung der CRISPR-Technologie werden Eingriffe in die Evolution möglich, die sich als eine Zuspitzung der Dynamik des Anthropozäns begreifen lassen. Gibt es Möglichkeiten, die Gefährdungen und die negativen Auswirkungen dieser Entwicklungen zu vermeiden oder sie sogar zu kompensieren? Hier entstehen viele nicht einfach beantwortbare anthropologische Fragen, die für ein historisch und kulturell reflexives (Selbst-)Verständnis des Menschen von zentraler Bedeutung sind.
Sonus und Persona
Authors: Schulze Holger
Published: September 2020

Dieser Beitrag erkundet und beschreibt das anthropologische Konzept einer sensorisch und besonders klanglich bestimmten Persona. Hintergrund bilden hierbei die künstlerischwissenschaflichen Forschungsmethoden desSoundwalksnach Hildegard Westerkamp, desSensobiographic WalkingoderSensory Memory Walksnach Helmi Järviluoma sowie Jean-Luc Nancys Körperbegriff und Mario Perniolas Entwurf einer sensorisch verankerten Ideologie unter dem Begriff derSensologie. Am Ende des Beitrags steht der Vorschlag einer Anthropologie, die sich dezidiert anti-normalistisch und nicht-heteronormativ versteht: eine Anthropologie nicht des Posthumanen, das allzu oft reale Diversität, soziale und materiale Differenzen sowie die Partikularitäten und Idiosynkrasien ignoriert und verdrängt; stattdessen argumentiert dieser Beitrag für eine Anthropologie des Inhumanen, der sogenannten „humanoid aliens“. Diese Anthropologie versteht sich dann als eine Xenologie, als eine Erforschung des Fremden.
Die ästhetischen Grundlagen der historischen Anthropologie
Authors: Poulain Jacques
Published: September 2020

Der experimentale heutige Mensch ist dazu verdammt, den Menschen neu zu denken. Er bewundert sich immer, dies zu können. Dafür muss er nur alle die Mittel benutzen und kombinieren, die er gebrauchen kann, um zu sehen, was dabei herauskommt. Und das merkwürdigste Ergebnis, über das er sich freuen kann, heißt immer, sich selbst dabei neu zu denken. Er kann sich nicht genug über sich selbst und seine ewige Neuheit freuen, wenn er sich selbst in eine totale Experimentierung der Welt und seiner selbst projiziert. Und das mit Recht, weil ihn diese totale Experimentierung seiner mathesis universalis und seiner sapientia universalis zwingt zu entdecken, dass er die magische Kraft, sich selbst und die Welt zu schaffen, allein sich selbst und insbesondere der magischen Kraft der Sprache verdankt.
Convergence or Divergence Patterns in Global Defence Spending: Further Evidence from a Nonlinear Single Factor Model
Authors: Saba Charles Shaaba
Published: September 2020

This study re-examines the international convergence in defence spending for 125 countries spanning 1985–2018. We employ the approach of Phillips and Sul, which tests for the existence of convergence clubs and the modelling of different transition paths to convergence. Our findings suggest no overall defence spending convergence at the world, income groups (except the low-income countries) and regional levels. However, we identify two convergence clubs using an iterative testing procedure and eventually (i) at world level, these two clubs exhibit convergence, and (ii) while taking into account Gross national income, geography and defence alliances/economic cooperation it is possible to make different number of convergence/divergence clubs. Contrary to previous findings, this study finds that the process of convergence in defence spending does not reflect the desirable emanations of defence policies sharing similar characteristics, at least in terms of the allocation of scarce public resources across the globe.
Supramolecular assembly of ionic liquid induced by UO2
2+: a strategy for selective extraction-precipitation
Authors: Feng Shancheng , Shen Xinghai
Published: September 2020

In this work, a novel task specific ionic liquid (TSIL) [tributyl(hexyl)phosphonium]2[diglycolic acetate] ([P6,4,4,4]2[DGA]) was prepared and used to construct a vesicle system. The addition of UO2
2+, La3+ or Th4+ exhibited different effects on the system. It was found that small amount of UO2
2+ could induce large-sized aggregation of vesicles and make the precipitation happen, while La3+ and Th4+ did not have such capacity. The whole process was characterized by dynamic light scattering and freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy. An extraction-precipitation strategy was then developed for the selective recovery of UO2
2+. Different factors were further studied to optimize the separation efficiency of the extraction-precipitation process.
Multi-level analysis of symptoms of poison exposure reported to the Japanese Poison Information Center
Authors: Sawaguchi Toshiko
Published: September 2020

Two types of analytical multi-level approach to analyse symptoms after exposure to poisons were performed using numerical data extracted from reports received by the JAPAN POISON INFORMATION CENTER on the number “Poisoning 110” during 1998–2017. In the first approach, data collected in 2017, 2012, 2007 and 2002 were used, while in the second approach, all data collected during 1999–2017 were used. In the first approach, according to the odds ratio, the order of causative agents was industrial drugs>home drugs>general drugs and in the second approach, it was industrial drugs>foods/natural poisoning>agricultural drugs. However, in the first approach, the order based on the 95% confidence interval (CI) and profile likelihood was general drugs>home drugs>industrial drugs and in the second approach, the order based on 95% CI, profile likelihood and Wald value was agricultural drugs>foods/natural poisoning>industrial drugs. These multi-prospects were developed using a multilevel approach and the most optimized model was selected from the number of numerical data and the adaptability of fit of the multi-level logistic regression models in this report.
The spectrum of subjectal forms: Towards an Integral Semiotics
Authors: Giorgi Sebastián Mariano
Published: September 2020

What is the relationship between consciousness and semiosis? This article attempts to provide some clues to answer this question. For doing it, we explore the application of the Integral model to semiotics; that is to say, the metatheory that integrates the inside, the outside, the individual, and the collective dimension, on one hand and, on the other hand, the levels of development, states and types of consciousness. Our principal hypothesis is that the semiosis depends on the “subjectal” form where the self is located temporarily or permanently. To validate it, we analyze the way in which the universe of meaning changes between the self located below the subject (as a form), and the self located beyond of it. According to the Integral semiotics point of view outlined here, the relationship between consciousness and the meaning has to do with the reduction or expansion of the subjectal spectrum, and the trajectory of the self along of it.
Multilateralismus in der deutschen Außenpolitik – eine Bilanz
Authors: Maull Hanns W.
Published: September 2020

Multilateralismus charakterisiert die deutsche Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik seit ihren Anfängen in sehr spezifischer Weise. Der Beitrag erarbeitet anhand einer Begriffsklärung diese Besonderheiten und gibt einen Überblick über die Voraussetzungen, die historische Entwicklung, die spezifischen Ausprägungen und die Ergebnisse dieser Politik seit Gründung der Bundesrepublik. Der Beitrag kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Bundesrepublik Deutschland auch in Zukunft über keine Alternative zu einer multilateralistischen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik verfügt, diese jedoch vor neuen und besonders schwierigen Herausforderungen steht, weil etliche der Rahmenbedingungen, die Deutschlands Außenpolitik in der Vergangenheit so erfolgreich agieren ließen, nicht mehr bestehen oder zumindest gefährdet erscheinen.
Bilanz der deutschen Russlandpolitik seit 1990
Authors: Adomeit Hannes
Published: September 2020

Dieser Artikel untersucht, wie es dazu kommen konnte, dass sich all die Hoffnungen und Erwartungen, die sich 1990 mit dem in Moskau unterzeichneten Vertrag über die abschließende Regelung in Bezug auf Deutschland und der Charta von Paris für ein neues Europa verbanden, zerschlagen haben und warum sowohl die Vision einer deutsch-russischen „strategischen Partnerschaft“ als auch ihre beabsichtigte Konkretisierung durch eine „Modernisierungspartnerschaft“ gescheitert sind. Der Artikel sieht die Erklärung für diese Entwicklung in der russischen Innenpolitik. Die russische Machtelite konnte auf die Angebote Deutschlands (und der EU) auf eine enge „Verflechtung“ und umfassende Zusammenarbeit nicht eingehen, weil diese ihren Wahrnehmungen zufolge den Machterhalt im eigenen Land und in der von ihr deklarierten Einflusssphäre in Mittel- und Osteuropa gefährdet hätte.
Pain in adolescent chronic fatigue following Epstein-Barr virus infection
Authors: Brodwall Elias Myrstad , Pedersen Maria , Asprusten Tarjei Tørre , Wyller Vegard Bruun Bratholm
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a trigger of Chronic Fatigue (CF) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate pain symptoms and pressure pain thresholds in fatigued and non-fatigued adolescents six months after acute EBV-infection, and in healthy controls. This study is part of the CEBA-project (CF following acute EBV infection in adolescents).

Methods

A total of 195 adolescents (12–20 years old) that had undergone an acute EBV infection six months prior to assessment were divided into fatigued (EBV CF+) and non-fatigued (EBV CF−) cases based on questionnaire score. The EBV CF+ cases were further sub-divided according to case definitions of CFS. In addition, a group of seventy healthy controls was included. Symptoms were mapped with questionnaires. Pressure pain thresholds were measured through pressure algometry. One way ANOVA were used for between-group analyses. Linear regression analyses were used to explore associations between Pediatric Quality of Life (dependent variable), pain symptoms and other variables within the EBV (CF+) group.

Results

The EBV CF+ group had significantly higher scores for pain symptoms as compared with the EBV CF− group and healthy controls, but pressure pain threshold did not differ significantly. The number of pain symptoms as well as pain severity were strongly and independently associated with quality of life.

Conclusions

CF and CFS following acute EBV-infection in adolescents is characterized by high pain symptom burden, which in turn is associated with a decline in quality of life. Pain in CF and CFS is of considerable clinical importance, and should be a focal point for further investigation and intervention in these patient groups.
Fertigung polymerer optischer Phasenplatten zur Erzeugung von Ringmoden mittels direkter Laserlithografie
Authors: Ziemer Thorben , Leitz Dennis , Nijim John , Rembe Christian
Published: September 2020

In diesem Beitrag präsentieren wir die Fertigung polymerer, diskret gestufter spiraler optischer Phasenplatten (SPPs) für die Erzeugung von Ringmoden in Laserstrahlen. Wir beschreiben das von uns verwendete Modell um die Wirkung von SPPs im Fernfeld abhängig von ihrer Geometrie zu simulieren und diese zu dimensionieren. Weiter berichten wir von der Fertigung zunächst 3- und 4-stufiger SPPs aus dem Negativlack AZ nLOF 2070 auf Kalk-Natron-Glas durch Spin Coating und Polymerisation mittels direkter Laserlithografie. Wir zeigen die Wirkung der Bauteile auf das Strahlprofil eines Helium-Neon-Lasers im Fernfeld und validieren damit auch das verwendete Modell.
Bestimmung des Anregungsspektrums für kontaktlose breitbandige Messungen der Übertragungsfunktion mit Plasmaanregung und Laser-Doppler-Vibrometrie
Authors: Cao Xiaodong , Yu Mengwei , Bauer Georg , Rembe Christian
Published: September 2020

Die Übertragungsfunktion eines mechanischen Systems ist eine der wichtigsten Messgrößen in der Schwingungsanalyse. Um die Übertragungsfunktion möglichst breitbandig bestimmen zu können, wird eine breitbandige Anregung benötigt, welche z.B. durch eine Plasmaanregung realisiert werden kann. Allerdings stellt die Bestimmung des Spektrums einer solchen Plasmaanregung, welche für die Ermittlung der Übertragungsfunktion notwendig ist, zurzeit noch eine Herausforderung in der Forschung dar. In diesem Beitrag bestimmen wir das Anregungsspektrum durch ein Simulationsmodell und vergleichen das Ergebnis mit dem Resultat einer bisher typischerweise eingesetzten experimentellen Schätzmethode. Der vorgestellte Ansatz benötigt einen deutlich geringeren Aufwand und stellt damit für praktische Anwendungen eine gute Alternative zum aktuellen Stand der Technik dar.
Low-cost Indirect Measurement Methods for Self-x Integrated Sensory Electronics for Industry 4.0
Authors: Zaman Qummar , Alraho Senan , König Andreas
Published: September 2020

The conventional method for testing the performance of reconfigurable sensory electronics of industry 4.0 relies on the direct measurement methods. This approach gives higher accuracy but at the price of extremely high testing cost and does not utilize the new degrees of freedom for measurement methods enabled by industry 4.0. In order to reduce the test cost and use available resources more efficiently, a primary approach, called indirect measurements or alternative testing has been proposed using a non-intrusive sensor. Its basic principle consists in using the indirect measurements, in order to estimate the sensory electronics performance parameters without measuring directly. The non-intrusive property of the proposed method offers better performance of the sensing electronics and virtually applicable to any sensing electronics. Efficiency is evaluated in terms of model accuracy by using six different classical metrics. It uses an indirect current-feedback instrumentation amplifier (InAmp) as a test vehicle to evaluate the performance parameters of the circuit. The device is implemented using CMOS 0.35 μm technology. The achieved maximum value of average expected error metrics is 0.24, and the lowest value of correlation performance metrics is 0.91, which represent an excellent efficiency of InAmp performance predictor.
Semantiken des Alten, des Neuen und des Modernen im gelehrten kanonischen Recht: Beobachtungen zur Deutung von ,antiqua‘, ,nova‘, ,hodie‘ und ,moderna‘in der Kanonistik des 12.–15. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Thier Andreas
Published: September 2020

Semantics of the Old, the New and the Modern in Learned Canon Law: Observations on the Interpretation of ‘antiqua’, ‘nova’, ‘hodie’ and ‘moderna’ in the Science of Canon Law, 12th–15th Century. In using the terms ‘antiqua’, ‘nova’, ‘hodie’ and ‘moderna’ as descriptors of change in law and legal knowledge, the science of medieval canon law adopted a longstanding semantic tradition of theology and rhetorics. The article addresses these usages and argues that they represented different understandings of the relationship between the past and the present, ranging from the idea of progress and continuous change to the concept of superior authority of the past towards the present.
Ciudadanía, vecindad y derecho a la ciudad. Cova da Moura, Lisboa
Authors: Cuberos-Gallardo Francisco José
Published: September 2020

El barrio Cova da Moura, ubicado en la periferia de Lisboa, alberga un serio conflicto entre dos formas antitéticas de entender el derecho a la ciudad. De un lado las instituciones públicas intentan habilitar este derecho mediante una ordenación higienista que homologue este espacio al resto del territorio portugués. De otro los vecinos del barrio, inmigrantes en su mayoría, rechazan los planes urbanísticos propuestos por el Estado portugués, y entienden que su derecho a la ciudad pasa por un reconocimiento de la singularidad cultural del vecindario y unas políticas urbanísticas que la protejan. En este trabajo se analiza en detalle este conflicto, que enfrenta dos modelos de territorialización contrapuestos: uno que se construye sobre la categoría abstracta del ciudadano y a través de criterios cartesianos, y otro que remite a la noción del vecino y que se apoya sobre la especificidad de experiencias concretas.
Derecho a la ciudad, acumulación y desterritorialización. Espacio público y pescadores en Rosario
Authors: Roldan Diego , Castillo Trilce
Published: September 2020

La relación de Rosario con el Paraná estuvo mediada por el puerto. Este vínculo comenzó a revertirse en los años 1990. Se reemplazaron las instalaciones ferroportuarias fuera de uso por una cadena de espacios públicos, ramblas y avenidas. Este procedimiento mejoró la conectividad de la ciudad con la ribera, a partir de una escala menor pensada para el transporte automotor y la circulación peatonal. La interface ferroportuaria que había regido la relación ciudad-río fue reemplazada por un continuum de espacios públicos. Gran parte de los estudios efectuados sobre esta trasformación urbana se han concentrado en las inspiraciones, la planificación, los impactos de estos Grandes Proyectos Urbanos en los usos del suelo, el mercado inmobiliario, la gentrificación del área y las metamorfosis de la ciudad. Pero no se ha analizado otros cambios aledaños vinculados al ambiente, el hábitat y los oficios de los antiguos habitantes de la barranca. Mientras los espacios públicos crecían y eran parcialmente concesionados, los pescadores artesanales observaron cómo su hábitat y fuentes de trabajo quedaban reducidas. En este artículo, procuramos comprender cómo esos sujetos-otros experimentan los procesos de acumulación por desposesión y de desterritorializacion de los que son objeto con la reinvención del waterfront de Rosario.
Fortalecimiento del tejido social para construir paz urbana. “Usmeando” el derecho a la ciudad
Authors: Carreño-Novoa María Camila , Matta-García Wanda Xiomara , Arias-Romero Carlos Orlando , Torres Tovar Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2020

Este artículo se aproxima a las situaciones de exclusión y segregación derivadas de la política pública de vivienda en Bogotá, particularmente, en la Ciudadela Nuevo Usme (UPZ 61 de la localidad de Usme), identificadas en el proyecto de extensión solidaria Usmeando el derecho a la ciudad y el ordenamiento territorial en el posconflicto, que lideró el Grupo de Investigación “Procesos Urbanos en Hábitat, Vivienda e Informalidad” de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, en asocio con el proceso social y comunitario Audiencia Pública Popular de Usme en el año 2017.Esta aproximación surge del acercamiento conjunto a las realidades y conflictosterritoriales por parte de la comunidad organizada y habitante de la UPZ 61 y los investigadores. Para ello, se hizo uso de instrumentos de investigación, acción y  participación comunitaria, que permitieron el desarrollo de estrategias para el abordaje de problemáticas vinculadas al territorio habitado. En suma, este documento contiene reflexiones críticas acerca del territorio y la cotidianidad del habitar este lugar (vivienda sin ciudad) y los retos que de ella emergen. También aborda las limitaciones para la construcción del tejido social; la gestión social de lo urbano y sus conflictos; los resultados de dicha gestión desde la perspectiva de lo concebido a lo vivido; y las potencialidades de la experiencia.
Las Humanidades en la génesis de la regionalización universitaria: los Estudios Generales y el origen del proceso de regionalización de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Fonseca Zúñiga Edgardo
Published: September 2020

En 1968 inicia el proceso de regionalización de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), con la creación de centros regionales universitarios en zonas alejadas del Valle Central. En esta investigación se analiza la labor cumplida por los Estudios Generales en este proceso.  De esta manera se realizó una revisión de la expansión educativa de Costa Rica en las décadas de 1960 y 1970 y su relación con el modelo desarrollista impulsado por el Estado. Además se realizó una contextualización del modelo de educación superior aplicado en Centroamérica a partir la década de 1960, en donde la Educación General es fundamental. Finalmente se determina el papel jugado por los Estudios Generales como plataforma para impulsar la creación de centros que impartieran cursos universitarios más allá de la Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio. Las fuentes consultadas comprenden una extensa revisión bibliográfica e Informes de Rectoría.
Extensión docente a través de diálogos intergeneracionales en las aulas de Humanidades: memoria y literatura a 45 años del golpe de Estado en Chile
Authors: Gutiérrez Rojas Marisol , Núñez Moya Jáirol
Published: September 2020

El artículo recoge la experiencia de un proyecto de acción social llevado a cabo con motivo de los 45 años del golpe de Estado en Chile, en la Escuela de Estudios Generales de la Universidad de Costa Rica. El objetivo del mismo fue generar espacios de diálogo intergeneracional con el fin de trabajar la memoria a partir de la literatura. En ese sentido, se procuró un mayor involucramiento de la sociedad para la sensibilización en relación con los derechos humanos, aspecto fundamental de la educación general y humanística.
The “Liberating Germanisation” of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia: Documents and Facts
Authors: Kantor Julia
Published: September 2020

In many ways, the perception and comprehension of the Second World War form the basis for the historical self-identification of several generations. They are also a sphere of political manipulation. For instance, in the Baltic states, the Nazi occupation, interpreted as a means of “the liberation from the Soviets”, is a widespread ideologeme. Participation in military activities or service in the rear divisions under the swastika flag are interpreted as a “struggle for independence” there. Reference to archival documents about the actual plans, methods, and results of the leaders of the Third Reich as related to the Baltic states and their titular nations makes it possible to study the events that took place in the region between 1941 and 1944. The author refers to a collection of materials of the operational headquarters of Reichsleiter Rosenberg in Riga kept in the Latvian State Historical Archive (Latvijas Valsts Vēstures arhīvs), the documents of the “Riga Trial” kept the Central Archive of the FSB of Russia, and the most recent historiography. Special attention is paid to the actual plans of the Reich leaders concerning the process of granting Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia independence, the functioning of self-government, and the actions of the occupational authorities towards the national languages, cultures, and education of the “unpromising nations”, i. e. Lithuanians, Latvians, and Estonians. The article also examines the establishment of SS formations and other military units made up by representatives of the Baltic peoples and the economic aspects of Nazi policy in “Ostland”.
On Raising and Educating the Nobility in Russia and in Europe: Results of International Cooperation
Authors: But Yulia
Published: September 2020

This review examines a collection of sixteen research papers by a group of renowned Russian and non-Russian specialists in early modern history. The authors try to formulate the essence of the all-European ideal of noble education and to outline the educational trajectories and strategies of the nobility both from Russia and different parts of Europe. The papers refer to a considerable number of archival sources and employ relevant methods and original approaches. The authors agree that during the period in question, for a well-educated representative of the European nobility, it was important to be able to communicate with those of equal standing, which entailed following social niceties and the art of letter-writing. As for academic knowledge, a nobleman was expected to have a general notion of various domains, including new disciplines, such as fortification, cameralism, mining, agriculture, etc. The reviewer criticises the scholarly apparatus of the publication and its design.
“Tudo é e não é”: paradoxos e antinomias no pensamento de Riobaldo e no imaginário de violeiros do vale do São Francisco, norte de Minas Gerais
Authors: Chaves Wagner Neves Diniz
Published: September 2020

Resumo: O artigo explora as correspondências simbólicas de um personagem de Guimarães Rosa com o universo dos violeiros no vale do São Francisco. O texto chama a atenção para a relatividade e ambivalência de nossas categorias de pensamento, explorando a cultura sertaneja tal como Rosa a constrói na biografia do ex-jagunço Riobaldo e de outros personagens. Sugere-se que o universo sertanejo “é um campo aberto de possibilidades”, servindo como inspiração para vislumbrarmos muitas conexões com o contexto etnográfico. O dilema da existência ou não do diabo, que ocupa as preocupações de Riobaldo, é confrontado com a ambivalência simbólica de um instrumento musical, a viola, associada tanto a Jesus e aos Reis Magos quanto ao mal e ao próprio demônio.
Assessment of the quality of a software application for the prevention of skin lesions in newborns*
Authors: Santos Simone Vidal , Ramos Flávia Regina Souza , Costa Roberta , Batalha Luís Manuel da Cunha
Published: September 2020

Objective: to assess the technical quality of a mobile application to support the nurse’s decision to prevent skin lesions in hospitalized newborns, according to the Product Quality Model. Method: a methodological study for technological assessment. The 20 evaluators, divided into two groups, 10 nurses and 10 information technology professionals, used the software, conducted tests based on two case studies, and evaluated six features and 23 sub-features of quality. The assessment was conducted by means of an online form. Data was analyzed through a specific formula and the items that obtained a concordance percentage over 70% were considered adequate. Results: the concordance percentages of the features in the groups of nurses and of information technology specialists were the following: functional adequacy (100%-98.9%), reliability (90%-100%), usability (93.2-85%), performance efficiency (100%-100%), compatibility (97.5-90%), and safety (94%-91%). In the assessment of the sub-features, only accessibility presented a percentage value below the desired one (70%-60%). Conclusion: the software has excellent technical quality to meet the needs of nurses in planning the care for the prevention of skin lesions of hospitalized newborns, brings important advances to neonatal care, contributes to the work process, expands knowledge, and promotes the professional’s clinical reasoning.
The care for the persistent family aggressor in the perception of nursing students
Authors: Fernandes Hugo , Brandão Maykon Brito , Castilho-Júnior Roberto Alvarenga de , Hino Paula , Ohara Conceição Vieira da Silva
Published: September 2020

Objective: to analyze the perception of nursing students about the care given to the persistent family aggressor. Method: a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach. Madeleine Leininger’s Theory of Diversity and Universality of Care was used as a theoretical reference. The data collection took place with 37 in the last year of at a public university in Southeast Brazil. We used the technique of Projective Design with a Topic and semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed with the content analysis. Results: the examination of the narratives underpinned the construction of four categories: The care of the aggressor with the family, Recognition of family values and culture, The search for knowledge to care for the aggressor and family, Multidisciplinary and intersectoral care to confront violence. Conclusion: there is an acknowledgment that the care for the aggressor should not only be individual but should involve all those affected. For this, multidisciplinary work is important, and the search for knowledge on the subject is essential for culturally significant care.
Ichthyofauna of sandy beaches along the Acre river, Brazil
Authors: Silva Ronaldo Souza da , Corrêa Fabiano , Oliveira Lucas Pires de , Guerra Vinicius , Barros Bruno Stefany , Vieira Lisandro Juno Soares
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Despite increasing efforts in recent years to catalog the fish diversity of Amazonian rivers, many regions are still under-sampled, and sandy beach environments are particularly poorly understood. The present study focused on a 300 km stretch of the Acre river, in the southwestern Amazon basin, where we sampled 30 sandy beaches separated by a mean interval of 10 km. We collected 15,329 fish representing 80 species, 26 families, and nine orders. The Characiformes were the most abundant order, providing 88.24% of the individuals collected, followed by the Siluriformes, with 10.03%, while the Siluriformes had the highest species richness, with 37 species (45.0%), followed by the Characiformes, with 30 (37.5%). The most abundant species were the characiforms Knodus orteguasae and Creagruto barrigai. Reliable data on a region’s biota is fundamental for the evaluation of patterns of biodiversity, and the occurrence and management of threatened species. As fish are directly affected by pollutants and the degradation of aquatic environments, further research in areas that are still poorly sampled will be essential for the elaboration of effective conservation strategies.
Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos: the highest Amphibian diversity within an Atlantic Forest protected area
Authors: Carvalho-e-Silva Sergio Potsch de , Carvalho-e-Silva Ana Maria Paulino Telles de , Folly Manuella , Luna-Dias Cyro de , Bezerra Andressa de Mello , Gomes Marcia dos Reis , Caram Joana , Peixoto Oswaldo Luiz , Izecksohn Eugenio
Published: September 2020

Abstract: We studied the amphibian community of the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (PARNASO) for over thirty years. The area of 20,024 hectares has a steep altitudinal gradient (200-2,263 m a.s.l.), and it is located in the municipalities of Guapimirim, Magé, Petrópolis and Teresópolis, middle of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Most data were obtained from sampling sites in the municipality of Teresópolis, with additional data from zoological collections and bibliography. We recorded 83 amphibian species distributed in two orders, Anura, 13 families: Aromobatidae (1), Brachycephalidae (11), Bufonidae (5), Centrolenidae (2), Craugastoridae (2), Cycloramphidae (8), Hemiphractidae (7), Hylidae (28), Hylodidae (6), Leptodactylidae (5), Microhylidae (1), Odontophrynidae (3), Phyllomedusidae (3) and Gymnophiona, one family: Siphonopidae (1). In addition, we present six species that occurs in the buffer zone. Ten of these species are endemic of the park, 18 have PARNASO as its type locality, and five the type locality is at the buffer zone.
Ressaltos, anestesias e fissuras: Sobre a costura cotidiana de corpos aprisionados
Authors: Antunes Sara Vieira
Published: September 2020

Resumo A proposta do texto é apresentar e discutir táticas de resistências corporais acionadas por pessoas presas em uma penitenciária feminina no esforço cotidiano de viver na/à prisão. Posto que o confinamento serve a políticas governamentais de controle e gestão populacional, cujas disposições buscam cercear ou, no limite, exterminar as formas de vida daqueles aprisionados, o presente texto chama atenção para as táticas mobilizadas através do corpo para comportar a vida entre grades. Seja pela escrita, seja pela escarificação da pele, ou pela medicalização psiquiátrica, essas inscrições aparecem como táticas de resistência às tentativas de apagamento da pessoa aprisionada.
Historia “fuera de contexto”: artefactos de historia entre los comcaac del norte de México y registros amerindios del conflicto
Authors: Ramírez María Isabel Martínez
Published: September 2020

Resumen Inspirada en Marilyn Strathern, el objetivo de este artículo es examinar las fricciones provocadas por el encuentro entre la obligación de construir un marco de referencia o contexto y las teorías pragmáticas de los comcaac o seris que residen en las costas del norte de México sobre determinados artefactos, como la cestería, que autocontendrían su contexto. La finalidad es experimentar los efectos analíticos de este desencuentro mediante la noción de registro amerindio del conflicto y contribuir en un debate más amplio sobre la escritura de la historia indígena contemporánea y la construcción de contextos que toman como marco de referencia al Estado nación.