bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IoT Protocol-Enabled IDS based on Machine Learning
Authors: Alsulami Rehab , Alqarni Batoul , Alshomrani Rawan , Mashat Fatimah , Gazdar Tahani
Published: December 2023

During the last decade, Internet of Things (IoT) devices have become widely used in smart homes, smart cities, factories, and many other areas to facilitate daily activities. As IoT devices are vulnerable to many attacks, especially if they are not frequently updated, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) must be used to defend them. Many existing IDSs focus on specific types of IoT application layer protocols, such as MQTT, CoAP, and HTTP. Additionally, many existing IDSs based on machine learning are inefficient in detecting attacks in IoT applications because they use non-IoT-dedicated datasets. Therefore, there is no comprehensive IDS that can detect intrusions that specifically target IoT devices and their various application layer protocols. This paper proposes a new comprehensive IDS for IoT applications called IP-IDS, which can equivalently detect MQTT, HTTP, and CoAP-directed intrusions with high accuracy. Three different datasets were used to train the model: Bot-IoT, MQTT-IoT-IDS2020, and CoAP-DDoS. The obtained results showed that the proposed model outperformed the existing models trained on the same datasets. Additionally, the proposed DT and LSTM models reached an accuracy of 99.9%.
Photo-Catalytic Activity Improvement for Organic Pollutant Removal in Wastewater using Zinc Oxide Quantum Dots: An Experimental and Modeling Study
Authors: Awwad Tarek M. , Shaaban Shaaban M. , Ragab Ehab M. , Mir Ahmed
Published: December 2023

Photo-catalyst nanoparticles (NPs) find applications in many diverse fields, including environmental remediation, energy conversion, and organic synthesis. By optimizing the nanoparticle's composition, size, morphology, and surface properties, the photo-catalytic performance can be enhanced to develop more efficient and sustainable catalytic systems. This work aligns with this innovative approach and aims to improve the photo-catalytic degradation of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) through the intensification of the photo-catalyst and the micro-reactor. ZnO-NPs were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Zinc Acetate (Z.A) and sodium hydroxide were used as precursor materials. The resulting ZnO-NPs were characterized for their structure and crystallinity using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the photo-catalytic activity was assessed with a micro-structured polymer reactor. The degradation of SMX through photo-catalysis proceeds through several stages that involve coupled processes, such as the transportation of molecules and chemical reactions. To solve the mathematical equations governing the transport and photocatalytic reaction, COMSOL Multiphysics software was utilized. The characterization results demonstrate the excellent crystallinity and high purity of the synthesized ZnO-NPs, enabling the estimation of the average diameter of the NPs under different synthesis conditions. The grain growth is faster (3.5 hr) at higher temperatures (70, 80, and 90 °C), and slower (4 hr) at lower temperatures (50 and 60°C). The photo-catalytic degradation is significantly more efficient on 16 nm ZnO-NPs than 50 nm ZnO-NPs. At this size, the conversion rate reaches 96%, surpassing the performance of commercial ZnO-NPs, which only degrades 81% of SMX. The conversion rate obtained through simulation is slightly higher than that achieved in the experiments. However, this difference remains negligible, and overall, the model fits well with the experimental data. This validation of the chosen model confirms its reliability and accuracy.
An Innovative Approach to Cardiovascular Disease Prediction: A Hybrid Deep Learning Model
Authors: Dhaka Priyanka , Sehrawat Ruchi , Bhutani Priyanka
Published: December 2023

The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disorders has created an imperative need for accurate diagnoses. Despite the emergence of numerous techniques for disease classification and secure data transmission, a prevailing shortcoming is the lack of precision in decision-making. This study aimed to address this critical issue by introducing an innovative disease prediction model that uses a hybrid classifier. The proposed hybrid classifier combined deep Bidirectional Long-Short-Term Memory (deep Bi LSTM) and deep Convolutional Neural Network (deep CNN).To further improve its performance, the proposed approach employed hybridized swarm optimization to fine-tune fusion parameters and optimize the learning model for enhanced accuracy. This study focused on heart disease as its central concern, strengthening data security through the implementation of Diffi-Huffman based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) during data transmission. The resulting automatic disease prediction model adopted the hybrid deep classifier, which was born from the amalgamation of two components: the interactive hunt-deep CNN classifier and the WoM-deep Bi LSTM. The proposed hybrid learning model achieved impressive accuracy, F-measure, sensitivity, and specificity of 97.716%, 97.848%, 98.021%, and 97.807%, respectively, marking a significant advance in the realm of cardiovascular disease prediction.
Text Language Identification and Translator
Authors: Tejas Pinge  , Prajwal Patil  , Mayur Sherki  , Aditya Nandurkar  , Prof. Ravindra Chilbule
Published: December 2023

Language Identification refers to the process of detecting the language(s) of the text in the document based on the script used for writing and observing the diacritics particular to a language. This research area has always fascinated researchers as early as 1970 and till now due to varied applications and increased demands of this field. In this work, I address the problem of detecting language of textual documents. I have introduced a method which is able to detect language of text more efficiently and accurately by determining their respective proportions and finding the greatest of them which represents the language of the text. I have demonstrated the performance comparison of three different approaches which are using n-gram approach (word-wise), using n-gram approach (character-wise) and using a combination of word search and stop words detection. My project currently contains language models for 4 languages. On an average the accuracy of my program is about 96.5%.
Feasibility and Implementation Determinants of a Structured Goal Setting and Goal Management System
Authors: Kang Eunyoung , Chen Julie , Foster Erin R.
Published: December 2023

Importance: There is no evidence-based system to guide occupational therapists in implementing theory-based, client-engaged goal setting and goal management. A new system is needed to support high-quality goal setting and goal management.

Objective: To determine the acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, credibility, and expectancy of a new structured theory-based, client-engaged goal setting and goal management system, called MyGoals, for occupational therapists. We explored MyGoals’ implementation determinants, potential positive outcomes, and comparative advantages.

Design: This was a mixed-methods feasibility study.

Setting: Community.

Participants: Occupational therapists (N = 7).

Outcomes and Measures: Acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility were assessed using the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM), Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM), and Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM). Credibility and expectancy were assessed with the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ). Semistructured 1:1 interviews were conducted to explore occupational therapy perspectives on MyGoals and its implementation-related factors.

Results: MyGoals had high AIM (M = 18.1, SD = 1.9), IAM (M = 17.9, SD = 2.2), FIM (M = 17.3, SD = 2.1) scores and high CEQ Credibility (M = 22.1, SD = 5.0) and Expectancy (M = 20.6, SD = 4.3) scores. Interview data revealed suggestions to improve MyGoals, implementation determinants across the individuals involved, inner setting, and intervention characteristic domains, client- and clinician-related potential positive outcomes, and comparative advantages.

Conclusions and Relevance: MyGoals is an acceptable, appropriate, feasible, credible, and promising system to guide occupational therapists in implementing theory-based, client-engaged goal setting and goal management for adults with chronic conditions in community-based rehabilitation.

What This Article Adds: MyGoals is an easy-to-use, appealing, and helpful system to support occupational therapists in delivering theory-based goal setting and goal management components and to enable adults with chronic conditions to actively engage in their rehabilitation. This study supports the usefulness of MyGoals in community-based rehabilitation to improve goal setting and goal management quality and personally meaningful rehabilitation goal achievement in this population.
STUDY OF COMPETENCY, SELF-EFFICACY AND MOTIVATION TOWARDS THE SUCCESS OF THE POWDERED CHICKEN SELLING BUSINESS IN MAKASSAR CITY
Authors: Nuraeni  , Rosada Ida , Suhaeni
Published: December 2023

The ever-increasing level of broiler chicken consumption makes the business of selling broiler chickens increasingly promising and a very good business to develop. This greatly influences the level of competition in broiler chicken sales and influences the competence, self-efficacy and business motivation of broiler chicken sellers in Makassar City. The objectives of this research are: Identify the number of sales of broiler chicken businesses in Makassar City; analyze competency, self-efficacy, motivation and success of broiler chicken seller business; analyzing the influence of competence and self-efficacy on the business motivation of broiler chicken sellers and analyzing the influence of competence, self-efficacy and motivation on the success of broiler chicken sellers. The research location was carried out in Makassar City, as one of the largest locations for businesses selling broiler chickens. The research population was all broiler chicken sellers in Makassar City with a total of 50 respondents spread across Makassar City, using a purposive method. The analysis method used is Descriptive Statistics analysis and SEM. The results of the research show that: the average sales of respondents' broiler chickens in Makassar City was 14,937 kg/month and revenue was IDR. 431,968,207/month; competency and business motivation of broiler chicken sellers are in the high category; The self-efficacy and success of the broiler chicken seller business are in the medium category; competence and selfefficacy have a direct and significant effect on the business motivation of broiler chicken sellers in Makassar City; Likewise, self-efficacy has a direct and significant effect on business success, but competence and motivation do not have a significant effect on business success
An Entertaining Application to Mix Exercise with Fun using Pose Estimate and Unity
Authors: Wu Alexander , Wu Amelia , Andaya Moddwyn
Published: December 2023

We address the rising issue of increasing weight and declining health due to sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy diets. Our solution involves a camera tracking system that monitors users' movements and offers six engaging exercise games, bridging the gap between fitness and enjoyment. The project comprises three interconnected components: pose estimation, game information, and mini-games, with C# code utilized for pose estimation and individualized coding for seamless integration of each game.Throughout the development process, three notable challenges emerged: occasional sensory issues with the pose estimate, animation complexities, and the absence of an effective scoring system. To enhance the efficiency of the pose estimate, we conducted three rounds of trials, each consisting of ten arm circles, revealing that proximity to sensors was a common cause of issues.The animation challenge was overcome by incorporating free, simple, and readily available animations from online sources into human models for games requiring user interaction with models. To address the scoring dilemma, we clarified game goals by providing text instructions, guiding users on how to achieve success.This application caters to a younger audience, offering affordability, visual appeal, intense exercise, and swift results. Balancing fitness and fun, it presents an ideal solution for those seeking an engaging and effective exercise regimen.
Harnessing Customized Built-in Elements: Empowering Component-Based Software Engineering and Design Systems with HTML5 Web Components
Authors: Shah Hardik
Published: December 2023

Customized built-in elements in HTML5 significantly transform web development. These elements enable developers to create unique HTML components tailored with specific design and purpose. Customized built-in elements enable developers to address the unique needs of web applications more quickly, supporting consistent user interfaces and experiences across diverse digital platforms. This study investigates the role of these features in Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) and Design Systems, emphasizing the benefits of code modularity, reusability, and scalability in web development. Customized built-in elements enable developers to address the unique needs of web applications more quickly, supporting consistent user interfaces and experiences across diverse digital platforms. The paper also discusses the difficulties and concerns that must be addressed when creating customized built-in elements, such as browser compatibility, performance optimization, accessibility, security, styling, and interoperability. It emphasizes the importance of standardization, developer tooling, and community interaction in order to fully realize the potential of these features. Looking ahead, customized built-in elements have potential in a variety of applications, including the Internet of Things (IoT), e-commerce, and educational technologies. Their incorporation into Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) is expected to further improve web experiences. While obstacles remain, the article concludes that HTML5 customized built-in elements are a driver for web development innovation, allowing the production of efficient, adaptive, and user-centric web applications in an ever-changing digital context.
Relationship Between Degree of Solid Organ Trauma to Intra-Abdominal Pressure (IAP) In Blunt Abdomen Trauma at Prof. Dr. I G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Suwarna I Wayan , Sudiasa I Ketut , Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus
Published: December 2023

Background: Blunt abdominal trauma is a common trauma case with a high mortality rate. Increased Intra-Abdominal Pressure (IAP) is one of the factors that affect the morbidity and mortality rates of blunt abdominal trauma. In this condition the authors are interested in examining the relationship between the Degree of Solid Organ Trauma and Intra-Abdominal Pressure (IAP) in Blunt Abdominal Trauma. Objective: To determine the relationship between the degree of hepatic, spleen and multi-organ trauma to intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in patients with blunt abdominal trauma. Methods: This study used a prospective observational design, with an analytic cross-sectional design to assess the relationship between the degree of solid organ trauma and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in blunt abdominal trauma involving 45 samples of patients with blunt abdominal trauma at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Denpasar Hospital in the period November 2021 – November 2022. Results: Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was significantly correlated with the degree of spleen trauma with an r value of 0.403 (p: 0.046) which indicated that intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) increased with increasing degree of splenic trauma. Conclusion: Splenic trauma is associated and significantly correlated with increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and its degree in blunt abdominal trauma patients.
ANALYSIS OF THE EAEU INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTWITH THE USE OF A SINGLE ACCOUNTING UNIT
Authors:   Almaty Humanitarian and Economic University, Shokamanov Yu.K. , Demesinova A.A. ,   Almaty Humanitarian and Economic University
Published: December 2023

To analyze the development of industrial production in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), the following data of the EAEU countries cannot be used: 1) presented in national currencies, since they cannot be summed up; 2) calculated at the rates of national currencies, since they contain changes thatdo not reflect their real dynamics; 3) calculated at purchasing power parities (PPP)of national currencies against the US dollar, since in dynamics they include inflation in the US. It is proposed to use data in a single accounting unit ESAU (economic and statistical accounting unit), which excludes inflation in the United States and, at the same time, includes the average inflation for the regional association, reflected in the dynamics of data in the national currency.
DEVELOPMENT OF URBANIZATION IN THE POST-PANDEMIC PERIOD
Authors:   Almaty Humanitarian and Economic University, Seithamzina G.Zh. , Akhatova E.Kh. ,   Almaty Humanitarian and Economic University, Velesko S.E. ,   University of Applied Sciences Mittweida
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the main aspects of the post-pandemic development of cities. The main purpose of this scientific study is to identify priorityareas for the development of socio-economic development of cities.
ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS IN HEALTHCARE: A REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS IN THE USA
Authors: Oluwatoyin Ayo-Farai  , Babarinde Abdulraheem Olaide  , Chinedu Paschal Maduka  , Chiamaka Chinaemelum Okongwu
Published: December 2023

The healthcare landscape in the United States is undergoing a transformative evolution fueled by rapid engineering innovations. This study synthesizes and examines key developments at the intersection of engineering and healthcare, emphasizing advancements that have significantly impacted medical practices, patient outcomes, and the overall healthcare ecosystem. The study outlines notable engineering applications, including medical imaging technologies, biomedical devices, telehealth solutions, and health information systems. It explores the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in healthcare engineering, emphasizing their role in diagnostics, personalized medicine, and treatment optimization. Additionally, the abstract discusses the implications of engineering innovations on healthcare accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and the potential to address emerging challenges. Through a comprehensive examination of developments in the USA, this study provides insights into the multifaceted role of engineering in shaping the present and future of healthcare delivery.

Keywords: Engineering Innovations, Healthcare, USA, Review, Public Health, Development
Celebrity-Persona and its Effects on Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Khan Mussarat Jabeen , Shakeel Fatima , Aslam Maryam , Bibi Najma , Abid Rafia , Aziz Beenish , Sardar Iffat
Published: December 2023

The study was conducted to examine Celebrity-Persona and its Effects on Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction among university students. Convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. The sample consisted of 416 individuals, who were investing more than 5 hours a day on fictional content like novels, movies, dramas, and professional stars (e.g., singers, athletes, actors); 239 male participants and 177 female participants. Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), Celebrity-Persona Parasocial Interaction Scale (CPPI) (Bocarnea & Brown, 2007) and Six-Item State Self Esteem Scale (Heartherton & Polivy, 1991) were used to measure life satisfaction and celebrity persona parasocial interaction and self-esteem respectively. Life satisfaction has significant positive correlation with celebrity persona parasocial interaction and self-esteem. Parasocial interaction has positive correlation with self-esteem. Excessive exposure to fiction content is negatively correlated with life satisfaction. Simple linear regression analysis showed excessive exposure to fiction content as a predictor of life satisfaction and self-esteem among university students. Celebrity persona parasocial interaction worked as a significant mediator in the relationship between excessive exposure to fiction content and satisfaction with life among university students. Independent sample t-test showed that male students have higher life satisfaction than female students.
Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan dan Pengalaman Kerja terhadap Prestasi Kerja Karyawan PT. Finexco Prima di Pandaan
Authors: Hepiyanto Hepiyanto
Published: December 2023

Kegiatan penjualan dalam suatu perusahaan tidak akan dapat dikerjakan oleh satu orang saja, tetapi dilakukan oleh beberapa orang yang berbeda latar belakang pendidikan, pengalaman, status sosial ekonomi, dan sebagainya yang akan bekerja bersama dalam satu lingkungan serta mempunyai tujuan untuk menciptakan prestasi kerja yang baik agar perusahaan dapat meraih keuntungan yang telah ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh Pendidikan dan Pengalaman Kerja karyawan terhadap prestasi kerja karyawan PT. Finexco Prima. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yaitu data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responden yaitu seluruh karyawan PT. Finexco Prima. Model yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa Pendidikan dan Pengalaman Kerja berpengaruh terhadap prestasi kerja karyawan bagian penjualan pada PT. Finexco Prima.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KUALITAS PELAYANAN DENGAN PERILAKU KONSUMEN PADA PT. PRATAMA ABADI INDUSTRI TANGERANG
Authors: Imhar  , Lina Lestari
Published: December 2023

Setiap kegiatan usaha atau bisnis kini terdorong untuk lebih berorientasi pada konsumen. Setiap perusahaan dituntut untuk memuaskan pelanggan dengan pelayanannya. Banyak perusahaan mulai menyadari pentingnya memberikan pelayanan yang berkualitas terhadap konsumen untuk mendapatkan umpan balik yang menguntungkan dari konsumen atau pelanggan. Bentuk dari perhatian perusahaan kepada pelanggan tersebut, jika perusahaan mempunyai bagian pelayanan pelanggan. Dimana bagian pelayanan pelanggan mempunyai tugas yaitu melayani seluruh keluhan dan saran para pelanggan terhadap produk yang ditawarkan perusahaan, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa yang diharapkan oleh konsumen (consumer expectation) sehingga perusahaan dapat terus meningkatkan kinerjanya dimasa mendatang. Apabila perusahaan telah memberikan pelayanan sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan konsumen maka konsumen akan merasa puas.

Kepuasan konsumen akan menciptakan perilaku konsumen yang sangat menguntungkan bagi perusahaan, beberapa bentuk perilaku konsumen yang menguntungkan bagi perusahaan seperti pengulangan transaksi, konsumen tidak berpindah ke penyedia produk dan jasa yang lain atau setia pada perusahaan, menceritakan reputasi baik dari perusahaan kepada orang lain, bersedia membayar lebih, dan lain sebagainya yang pada akhirnya perusahaan akan meraih pangsa pasar baru serta meningkatkan laba perusahaan.

Begitu pula sebaliknya, apabila konsumen merasa tidak puas terhadap pelayanan yang diberikan oleh perusahaan, maka akan menimbulkan perilaku yang merugikan bagi perusahaan yaitu konsumen akan berpindah kepada penyedia produk dan jasa lain, menceritakan reputasi buruk perusahaan kepada orang lain serta mengurangi kegiatan bisnis dengan perusahaan. Hal ini memberikan dampak yang sangat buruk bagi perusahaan yaitu perusahaan akan kehilangan pelanggannya dan perusahaan juga akan memiliki reputasi yang buruk di mata masyarakat.
ANALISA METODE PENGAKUAN PENDAPATAN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP LABA RUGI PERUSAHAAN DI LENTERA ILMU
Authors: Eva Ristianti  , Imhar
Published: December 2023

Dalam rangka memenuhi sebagian dari persyaratan guna memperoleh gelar Sarjana Ekonomi di Universitas Panca Sakti Bekasi, penulis telah melakukan penelitian pada Lentera Ilmu Cendekia yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebijakan yang diterapkan oleh Lentera Ilmu Cendekia terhadap penerapan metode pengakuan pendapatan dan pengaruhnya terhadap laba rugi perusahaan. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan peninjauan Lapangan (Field Research) dalam bentuk pengumpulan data keuangan seperti Laporan Neraca dan Laba Rugi pada periode 2020 dan Penelitian Kepustakaan (Library Research)) dalam bentuk pencarian teori-teori tentang metode pengakuan pendapatan.

                Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa selama periode tahun 2020 Lentera Ilmu sebagai perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang penerbitan yang baru tiga tahun berdiri telah menerapkan metode pengakuan pendapatan kontrak/cetakan selesai dimana pendapatan baru diakui setelah pengiriman/pencetakan selesai. Atas apa yang telah diterapkan oleh Lentera Ilmu selama periode 2020 dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa Lentera Ilmu dapat menggunakan metode pengakuan pendapatan prosentase penyelesaian dimana pendapatan dapat diakui setelah pencetakan selesai.

                Kedepannya agar Lentera Ilmu memperoleh laba yang lebih besar, diharapkan perusahaan menerapkan metode pengakuan pendapatan yang tepat sehingga laba dapat ditaksir setiap tahunnya dan peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas SDM agar hasil dicapai dapat menjadi lebih maksimal.
Polymorphism and expression of GLUD1 in relation to reproductive performance in Jining Grey goats
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Yongjuan , Liu Yufang , Cao Guiling , Di Ran , Wang Jinyu , Chu Mingxing
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Understanding the molecular mechanism of mammalian reproduction (puberty and prolificacy) will play a part in improving animal reproductive performance. GLUD1 (glutamate dehydrogenase 1) is important for mammalian reproduction, as shown in previous studies; however, its roles in puberty and prolificacy have rarely been reported. In this study, we designed seven pairs of primers (P1 to P7) for cloning and sequencing genomic DNA of Jining Grey goats and Liaoning Cashmere goats. Primer 8 (P8) was designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the GLUD1 in both sexually precocious and high-fecundity breeds (Jining Grey, Nanjiang Brown and Matou goats) and sexually late-maturing and low-fecundity breeds (Liaoning Cashmere, Inner Mongolia Cashmere and Taihang goats) by PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism). The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technique was used to detect the expression of GLUD1 in a variety of tissues. The results showed that the A197C mutation was only found in the amplification product of P6. For this SNP locus, only two genotypes (AA and AC) were detected in Nanjiang Brown goats, while three genotypes (AA, AC and CC) were detected in the other five breeds. In Jining Grey goats, the frequency of genotypes AA, AC and CC was 0.69, 0.26 and 0.05, respectively. In Jining Grey goats, AA genotype had 0.54 (P<0.05) and 0.3 (P<0.05) more kids than the CC and AC genotype, respectively, and no significant difference (P>0.05) was found in kidding number between the AC and CC genotype. GLUD1 was expressed in five tissues of different developmental stages. The expression level of GLUD1 in the hypothalamus was higher than that in the other four tissues except during puberty of Liaoning Cashmere goats. In puberty in goats, GLUD1 expression was significantly higher in ovaries than that in the juvenile period (P<0.01). RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of GLUD1 in ovaries may relate to the puberty of goats. The present study preliminarily indicated that there might be an association between the 197 locus of GLUD1 and sexual precocity in goats, and allele A of GLUD1 was a potential DNA marker for improving kidding number in Jining Grey goats.
Insights into secondary organic aerosol formation from the day- and nighttime oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and furans in an oxidation flow reactor
Authors: El Mais Abd El Rahman , D'Anna Barbara , Drinovec Luka , Lambe Andrew T. , Peng Zhe , Petit Jean-Eudes , Favez Olivier , Aït-Aïssa Selim , Albinet Alexandre
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed by oxidation of typical precursors largely emitted by biomass burning, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and furans, are still poorly characterized. We evaluated and compared the formation yields, effective density (ρeff), absorption Ångström exponent (α), and mass absorption coefficient (MAC) of laboratory-generated SOAs from three furan compounds and four PAHs. SOAs were generated in an oxidation flow reactor under day- (OH radicals) or nighttime (NO3 radicals) conditions. The ρeff, formation yields, α, and MAC of the generated SOAs varied depending on the precursor and oxidant considered. The ρeff of SOAs formed with OH and NO3 tended to increase with particle size before reaching a “plateau”, highlighting potential differences in SOA chemical composition and/or morphology, according to the particle size. Three times lower SOA formation yields were obtained with NO3 compared with OH. The yields of PAH SOAs (18 %–76 %) were five to six times higher than those obtained for furans (3 %–12 %). While furan SOAs showed low or negligible light absorption properties, PAH SOAs had a significant impact in the UV–visible region, implying a significant contribution to atmospheric brown carbon. No increase in the MAC values was observed from OH to NO3 oxidation processes, probably due to a low formation of nitrogen-containing chromophores with NO3 only (without NOx). The results obtained demonstrated that PAHs are significant SOA precursors emitted by biomass burning, through both, day- and nighttime processes, and have a substantial impact on the aerosol light absorption properties.
Anthropogenic CO2 emission estimates in the Tokyo metropolitan area from ground-based CO2 column observations
Authors: Ohyama Hirofumi , Frey Matthias M. , Morino Isamu , Shiomi Kei , Nishihashi Masahide , Miyauchi Tatsuya , Yamada Hiroko , Saito Makoto , Wakasa Masanobu , Blumenstock Thomas , Hase Frank
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Urban areas are responsible for more than 40 % of global energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The Tokyo metropolitan area (TMA), Japan, one of the most populated regions in the world, includes various emission sources, such as thermal power plants, automobile traffic, and residential facilities. In order to infer a top–down emission estimate, we conducted an intensive field campaign in the TMA from February to April 2016 to measure column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) with three ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers (one IFS 125HR and two EM27/SUN spectrometers). At two urban sites (Saitama and Sodegaura), measured XCO2 values were generally larger than those at a rural site (Tsukuba) by up to 9.5 ppm, and average diurnal variations increased toward evening. To simulate the XCO2 enhancement (ΔXCO2) resulting from emissions at each observation site, we used the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model driven by meteorological fields at a horizontal resolution of ∼1 km from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, which was coupled with anthropogenic (large point source and area source) CO2 emissions and biogenic fluxes. Although some of the diurnal variation of ΔXCO2 was not reproduced and plumes from nearby large point sources were not captured, primarily because of a transport modeling error, the WRF–STILT simulations using prior fluxes were generally in good agreement with the observations (mean bias, 0.30 ppm; standard deviation, 1.31 ppm). By combining observations with high-resolution modeling, we developed an urban-scale inversion system in which spatially resolved CO2 emission fluxes at >3 km resolution and a scaling factor of large point source emissions were estimated on a monthly basis by using Bayesian inference. The XCO2 simulation results from the posterior CO2 fluxes were improved (mean bias, −0.03 ppm; standard deviation, 1.21 ppm). The prior and posterior total CO2 emissions in the TMA are 1.026 ± 0.116 and 1.037 ± 0.054 Mt-CO2 d−1 at the 95 % confidence level, respectively. The posterior total CO2 emissions agreed with emission inventories within the posterior uncertainty, demonstrating that the EM27/SUN spectrometer data can constrain urban-scale monthly CO2 emissions.
Strong aerosol cooling alone does not explain cold-biased mid-century temperatures in CMIP6 models
Authors: Flynn Clare Marie , Huusko Linnea , Modak Angshuman , Mauritsen Thorsten
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The current generation of global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) exhibits a surprisingly cold-biased ensemble-mean mid-20th century global-mean surface temperature anomaly, compared to the previous generation Phase 5 (CMIP5) and to the observed mid-century (1940–1970) temperature anomaly. Most CMIP6 models, 31 of 36 models in contrast to 17 of 27 CMIP5 models, are colder than the uncertainty range of the observed anomaly, indicating that the CMIP6 suppressed warming is not caused by a few cold models. However, no clear cause that sufficiently explains the tendency towards suppressed mid-20th century warming emerges. Whereas models that best match observations exclusively exhibit weaker aerosol forcing than that exhibited by colder models, there is not a clear relationship between mid-century temperatures and aerosol forcing. Likewise, no systematic differences emerge among other model aerosol representations, such as inclusion of aerosol–cloud interactions for ice clouds in the model or the type of aerosol model input data set used, nor variations in greenhouse gas forcing or climate sensitivity, that could explain the suppressed warming. This indicates the presence of another cause, or more likely a set of causes, of the suppressed warming in many CMIP6 models. Thus, the prospect of a strong constraint on present-day aerosol forcing based on the mid-century warming is weakened, even if it is encouraging that those models that do match the observed warming best all have relatively weak aerosol forcing.
Characteristics of surface physical and biogeochemical parameters within mesoscale eddies in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Liu Qian , Liu Yingjie , Li Xiaofeng
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Using satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) as well as observation-based reconstruction of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) from 1996 to 2015, we investigate the modulation mechanisms of eddies on surface physical and biogeochemical parameters in the Southern Ocean (SO). About one-quarter of eddies are observed to be “abnormal” (cold anticyclonic and warm cyclonic eddies) in the SO, which show opposite SST signatures to “normal” eddies (warm anticyclonic and cold cyclonic eddies). The study finds that the modification of abnormal eddies on physical and biogeochemical parameters is significant and differs from normal eddies due to the combined effects of eddy pumping and eddy-induced Ekman pumping. Normal and abnormal eddies have opposite DIC anomalies, contrary to the SST anomalies. Moreover, the contributions of abnormal eddies to pCO2 are about 2.7 times higher than normal eddies in regions where abnormal eddies dominate. Although Chl a anomalies in normal and abnormal eddies show similar patterns and signals, eddy-induced Ekman pumping attenuates the magnitudes of Chl a anomalies within abnormal eddies. In addition to the variation of the same parameter within different eddies, the dominant eddy-driven mechanisms for different parameters within the same kind of eddies also vary. The strength of the eddy stirring effect on different parameters is the primary factor causing these differences, attributed to variations in the magnitudes of horizontal parameter gradients. Understanding the role of abnormal eddies and the complexity of eddy-driven processes is crucial for accurately estimating the influence of mesoscale eddies on physical and biogeochemical processes in the SO, which is essential for simulating and predicting biogeochemical dynamics and carbon cycling in the region.
Oblique rifting triggered by slab tearing: the case of the Alboran rifted margin in the eastern Betics
Authors: Larrey Marine , Mouthereau Frédéric , Do Couto Damien , Masini Emmanuel , Jourdon Anthony , Calassou Sylvain , Miegebielle Véronique
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The tectonic evolution of highly oblique continental margins that result from extension above lithospheric subduction–transform edge propagator (STEP) faults is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the case of the Alboran margin in the eastern Betics characterized by crustal thinning of 15–10 km, oblique to the direction of slab retreat. The current deformation patterns indicate that oblique rifting is underway. However, it is unclear whether these conditions are those that prevailed during the formation of the metamorphic domes and intramontane basins. We review the temporal and spatial evolution of Neogene sedimentary basins and brittle deformation in the eastern Betics and exploit offshore seismic reflection lines to propose a crustal-scale section across the oblique margin. The history of sediment infill and rates of subsidence combined with the analyses of fault slip data confirm that brittle extension oriented from north 20∘ E to E–W occurred during an interval spanning from the Serravallian–early Tortonian to the late Tortonian (14–8 Ma). This extension is associated with both normal and strike-slip regimes and the evolution of the strike-slip fault zones flanking the metamorphic domes. The transtensional model forms a coherent scheme linking the ductile deformation associated with metamorphic domes and the formation of E–W- and NW–SE- or NNW–SSE-directed sedimentary basins in the brittle upper crust during the Tortonian. The oblique extension, which is closely associated with STEP faulting, occurred during the regional convergence between Africa and Iberia since the Miocene. Only recently, around 8 Ma, has slab detachment started to migrate westward, leading to tectonic inversion in the eastern Betics. Such a type of narrow oblique-rifted margin associated with transform-like plate boundaries is not unique but is expected to be hardly preserved in the geological record due to the transient nature of retreating subduction systems.
Analogue modelling of basin inversion: implications for the Araripe Basin (Brazil)
Authors: Richetti Pâmela C. , Zwaan Frank , Schreurs Guido , Schmitt Renata S. , Schmid Timothy C.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Basin inversion is a process that takes place when a sedimentary basin is subjected to compressional stresses resulting in the reactivation of pre-existing faults and/or the localization of deformation along new reverse faults. The Araripe Basin (NE Brazil) is an example of a Cretaceous intracontinental aborted rift, with its sedimentary infill found at ca. 1000 m altitude, 500 m above the host basement. Post-rift basin inversion has been proposed by previous authors as the cause of this topographic high, but how inversion affected this basin remains a matter of debate, with the following two end-member scenarios: reactivation of pre-existing normal faults leading to local uplift or regional uplift and differential erosion. Neither end-member fully explains the observations from seismic and field data. In this study, we, therefore, conducted analogue models to explore how basin inversion in the Araripe Basin could have taken place. We present two series of crustal-scale brittle–viscous experiments: (i) extension followed by compression without sedimentation, with a variation in divergence and convergence directions (orthogonal or 45∘ oblique); and (ii) extension with syn-rift sedimentation followed by compression, with the same variation in rifting and inversion directions. We found that orthogonal rifting without sedimentation forms throughgoing graben boundary faults, whereas oblique rifting initially creates en échelon faults that eventually link up, creating large graben boundary faults. Rift basins with syn-rift sedimentation evolved in a similar fashion; however, sedimentary loading resulted in increased subsidence. During both oblique and orthogonal inversion, most shortening was accommodated along new low-angle reverse faults. Significant intra-graben fault reactivation occurred in all models without syn-rift sedimentation. By contrast, orthogonal inversion of models with syn-rift sedimentation did not reactivate rift faults, whereas only a minor reactivation of rift faults took place during oblique inversion since the sediments strengthened the otherwise weakened basin, thus acting as a buffer during convergence. Based on our modelling results, we propose an alternative scenario for the evolution of the Araripe Basin, involving oblique inversion and the development of low-angle reverse faults, which better fits observations from seismic lines and field data from the region.
Soil organic carbon stocks did not change after 130 years of afforestation on a former Swiss Alpine pasture
Authors: Speckert Tatjana C. , Suremann Jeannine , Gavazov Konstantin , Santos Maria J. , Hagedorn Frank , Wiesenberg Guido L. B.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, especially in alpine ecosystems. However, ongoing forest expansion in high-elevation systems potentially alters SOM storage through changes in organic matter (OM) inputs and microclimate. In this study, we investigated the effects of an Picea abies L. afforestation chrono-sequence (0 to 130 years) of a former subalpine pasture in Switzerland on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and SOM dynamics. We found that SOC stocks remained constant throughout the chrono-sequence, with comparable SOC stocks in the mineral soils after afforestation and previous pasture (SOC forest40 = 11.6 ± 1.1 kg m−2, SOC forest130 = 11.0 ± 0.3 kg m−2 and SOC pasture = 11.5 ± 0.5 kg m−2). However, including the additional carbon of the organic horizons in the forest, reaching up to 1.7 kg m−2 in the 55-year old forest, resulted in an increase in the overall SOC stocks following afforestation. We found that the soil C:N ratio in the mineral soil increased in the topsoil (0–5 cm) with increasing forest stand age, from 11.9 ± 1.3 in the pasture to 14.3 ± 1.8 in the 130-year old forest. In turn, we observed a decrease in the soil C:N ratio with increasing depth in all forest stand ages. This suggests that litter-derived organic matter (C:N from 35.1 ± 1.9 to 42.4 ± 10.8) is likely to be incorporated and translocated from the organic horizon to the mineral topsoil (0–10 cm) of the profiles. Due to the high root C:N ratio (pasture 63.5 ± 2.8 and forests between 54.7 ± 3.9 and 61.2 ± 2.9), particulate root-derived organic matter seems to have a rather small effect on forest soil C:N ratios, as well as on SOC accumulation in the mineral soil. These results suggest that, although afforestation does not change the SOC stock in the mineral soil, there is an apparent alteration in the SOM dynamics through changes in the litter composition caused by the vegetation shift. We conclude that, at our study site, spruce afforestation on a former subalpine pasture does not change the total SOC stock and that, consequently, there is no additional SOC sequestration on a decadal to centennial scale.
Identifying quasi-periodic variability using multivariate empirical mode decomposition: a case of the tropical Pacific
Authors: Boljka Lina , Omrani Nour-Eddine , Keenlyside Noel S.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. A variety of statistical tools have been used in climate science to gain a better understanding of the climate system's variability on various temporal and spatial scales. However, these tools are mostly linear, stationary, or both. In this study, we use a recently developed nonlinear and nonstationary multivariate time series analysis tool – multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD). MEMD is a powerful tool for objectively identifying (intrinsic) timescales of variability within a given spatio-temporal system without any timescale pre-selection. Additionally, a red noise significance test is developed to robustly extract quasi-periodic modes of variability. We apply these tools to reanalysis and observational data of the tropical Pacific. This reveals a quasi-periodic variability in the tropical Pacific on timescales ∼ 1.5–4.5 years, which is consistent with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) – one of the most prominent quasi-periodic modes of variability in the Earth’s climate system. The approach successfully confirms the well-known out-of-phase relationship of the tropical Pacific mean thermocline depth with sea surface temperature in the eastern tropical Pacific (recharge–discharge process). Furthermore, we find a co-variability between zonal wind stress in the western tropical Pacific and the tropical Pacific mean thermocline depth, which only occurs on the quasi-periodic timescale. MEMD coupled with a red noise test can therefore successfully extract (nonstationary) quasi-periodic variability from the spatio-temporal data and could be used in the future for identifying potential (new) relationships between different variables in the climate system.
Operations and Maintenance Cost Comparison Between 15 MW Direct-Drive and Medium-Speed Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Donnelly Orla , Anderson Fraser , Carroll James
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Determining offshore wind energy operational expenditures relies on acquiring reliability data, particularly as turbine power ratings increase. The uncertainty surrounding operational costs and optimal drive train configurations for larger turbines persists. While previous research addressed reliability data for 3 MW offshore wind turbines, this study reviews and collates updated failure data for 15 MW turbines, comparing direct drive and medium-speed configurations. It employs an Operations and Maintenance (O&M) modeling tool to calculate total operational costs. The study concurs with existing literature, showing that direct drive turbines have lower operational costs than medium-speed turbines in three case studies. However, the cost and availability differences between configurations are smaller than previously suggested. For 15 MW turbines, the analysis reveals that the cost disparity between direct drive and medium-speed turbines is significantly smaller than for smaller-rated turbines, with percentages of 1.59 %, 1.58 %, and 5.78 % for the three ScotWind sites selected. Previously, the absolute % difference in cost between direct drive and medium speed turbines was estimated at 29.79 %. Sensitivity analyses explore the influence of three factors—failure rates, accessibility limits, and major replacement times—on total operational costs. These analyses demonstrate that medium-speed configurations exhibit more significant cost fluctuations, and the cost gap between configurations is reduced if failure rates are lowered at the same rate for each configuration, accessibility increases or the major replacement time is reduced for the larger wind turbine components.