bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification and comparison of architecture evolution reuse knowledge—a systematic review
Authors: Ahmad Aakash , Jamshidi Pooyan , Pahl Claus
Published: February 2014

Context

Architecture‐centric software evolution (ACSE) enables changes in system's structure and behaviour while maintaining a global view of the software to address evolution‐centric trade‐offs. The existing research and practices for ACSE primarily focus on design‐time evolution and runtime adaptations to accommodate changing requirements in existing architectures.

Objectives

We aim to identify, taxonomically classify and systematically compare the existing research focused on enabling or enhancing change reuse to support ACSE.

Method

We conducted a systematic literature review of 32 qualitatively selected studies and taxonomically classified these studies based on solutions that enable (i) empirical acquisition and (ii) systematic application of architecture evolution reuse knowledge (AERK) to guide ACSE.

Results

We identified six distinct research themes that support acquisition and application of AERK. We investigated (i) how evolution reuse knowledge is defined, classified and represented in the existing research to support ACSE and (ii) what are the existing methods, techniques and solutions to support empirical acquisition and systematic application of AERK.

Conclusions

Change patterns (34% of selected studies) represent a predominant solution, followed by evolution styles (25%) and adaptation strategies and policies (22%) to enable application of reuse knowledge. Empirical methods for acquisition of reuse knowledge represent 19% including pattern discovery, configuration analysis, evolution and maintenance prediction techniques (approximately 6% each). A lack of focus on empirical acquisition of reuse knowledge suggests the need of solutions with architecture change mining as a complementary and integrated phase for architecture change execution. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Divided and Drifting: Interactionism and the Neglect of Social Organizational Analyses in Organization Studies
Authors: McGinty Patrick J. W.
Published: February 2014

The analysis of organizational phenomena within interactionism has become bifurcated between social organizational analyses and organizational ethnographies. This division has had the effect of allowing organizational ethnographies to more readily contribute to organization studies while marginalizing studies of social organization. The historical conditioning of this development and current evidence for this case is demonstrated through an analysis of the existing literature from the past thirteen years of interactionist organizational research. To end the continued neglect of social organizational analyses in the interdisciplinary field of organization studies the article concludes by suggesting a number of possible inspirations for promoting future research.
Twin–twin transfusion syndrome: a frequently missed diagnosis with important consequences
Authors: Baud D. , Windrim R. , Van Mieghem T. , Keunen J. , Seaward G. , Ryan G.
Published: February 2014

Objective

To evaluate the incidence and consequences of ‘misdiagnosed’ cases of twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).

Methods

Chorionicity and referral diagnoses were reviewed in pregnant women with monochorionic twin pregnancies complicated by TTTS treated with fetoscopic laser ablation. ‘Misdiagnosed’ cases, defined as failure to correctly identify chorionicity and/or to diagnose TTTS prior to referral, were compared with cases in whom chorionicity and TTTS were diagnosed correctly. TTTS stage, gestational age at referral, overall survival, fetal and perinatal mortality, gestational age at delivery, operating time and maternal complications were compared.

Results

Failure to identify monochorionicity and/or TTTS was observed in 33% (107/323) of referrals to our center. Compared with cases in whom chorionicity and TTTS were correctly diagnosed, misdiagnosed patients were referred at a more advanced stage of disease (Stage IV TTTS: 16.8% vs 7.9%, P = 0.014) and later in pregnancy (gestational age at laser: 20.9 weeks vs 20.1 weeks, P = 0.018). They also delivered more prematurely (30.3 weeks' gestation vs 31.5 weeks' gestation, P = 0.04) and fetal and neonatal mortality were higher (neonatal death within 7 days: 19.6% vs 6.0%, P < 0.001). When the diagnosis was incorrect, major maternal complications and intensive care unit admissions were increased.

Conclusions

Poor recognition of chorionicity in the first trimester of pregnancy might lead to inadequate ultrasound follow up (failure to assess every 2 weeks) and patient education. Early accurate recognition of both chorionicity and TTTS, with timely referral to a fetal therapy center, are key to ensuring optimal maternal and fetal outcomes. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Developing hydroecological models to inform environmental flow standards: a case study from England
Authors: Klaar Megan J. , Dunbar Michael J. , Warren Mark , Soley Rob
Published: February 2014

The concept of defining environmental flow regimes to balance the provision of water resources for both human and environmental needs has gained wide recognition. As the authority responsible for water resource management within England, the Environment Agency (EA) uses the Environmental Flow Indicator (EFI), which represents an allowable percentage deviation from the natural flow to determine where water may be available for new abstractions. In a simplified form, the EFI has been used as the hydrological supporting component of Water Framework Directive classification, to flag where hydrological alteration may be contributing to failure to achieve good ecological status, and to guide further ecological investigation. As the primary information source for the EFI was expert opinion, the EA aims to improve the evidence base linking flow alteration and ecological response, and to use this evidence to develop improved environmental flow criteria and implementation tools. Such tools will be required to make predictions at locations with no or limited ecological monitoring data. Hence empirical statistical models are required that provide a means to describe observed variation in ecological sensitivity to flow change. Models must also strike a balance between generic and local relationships. Multilevel (mixed effects) regression models provide a rich set of capabilities suitable for this purpose. Three brief examples of the application of these techniques in defining empirical relationships between flow alteration and ecological response are provided. Establishment of testable hydrological–ecological relationships provides the framework for improving data collection, analysis, and ultimately water resources management models.

This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Interactions between climate change and land use change on biodiversity: attribution problems, risks, and opportunities
Authors: Oliver Tom H. , Morecroft Mike D.
Published: February 2014

Global change drivers are known to interact in their effects on biodiversity, but much research to date ignores this complexity. As a consequence, there are problems in the attribution of biodiversity change to different drivers and, therefore, our ability to manage habitats and landscapes appropriately. Few studies explicitly acknowledge and account for interactive (i.e., nonadditive) effects of land use and climate change on biodiversity. One reason is that the mechanisms by which drivers interact are poorly understood. We evaluate such mechanisms, including interactions between demographic parameters, evolutionary trade‐offs and synergies and threshold effects of population size and patch occupancy on population persistence. Other reasons for the lack of appropriate research are limited data availability and analytical issues in addressing interaction effects. We highlight the influence that attribution errors can have on biodiversity projections and discuss experimental designs and analytical tools suited to this challenge. Finally, we summarize the risks and opportunities provided by the existence of interaction effects. Risks include ineffective conservation management; but opportunities also arise, whereby the negative impacts of climate change on biodiversity can be reduced through appropriate land management as an adaptation measure. We hope that increasing the understanding of key mechanisms underlying interaction effects and discussing appropriate experimental and analytical designs for attribution will help researchers, policy makers, and conservation practitioners to better minimize risks and exploit opportunities provided by land use‐climate change interactions.

This article is categorized under:

Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Observed Ecological Changes
Quantum and molecular mechanical Monte Carlo techniques for modeling condensed‐phase reactions
Authors: Acevedo Orlando , Jorgensen Wiliiam L.
Published: February 2014

A recent review (Acevedo O, Jorgensen WL. Advances in quantum and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) simulations for organic and enzymatic reactions. Acc Chem Res 2010, 43:142–151) examined our use and development of a combined quantum and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) technique for modeling organic and enzymatic reactions. Advances included the pairwise‐distance‐directed Gaussian (PDDG)/PM3 semiempirical QM (SQM) method, computation of multidimensional potentials of mean force (PMF), incorporation of on‐the‐fly QM in Monte Carlo simulations, and a polynomial quadrature method for rapidly treating proton‐transfer reactions. This article serves as a follow‐up on our progress. Highlights include new reactions, alternative SQM methods, a polarizable OPLS force field, and novel solvent environments, e.g., ‘on water’ and room temperature ionic liquids. The methodology is strikingly accurate across a wide range of condensed‐phase and antibody‐catalyzed reactions including substitution, decarboxylation, elimination, isomerization, and pericyclic classes. Comparisons are made to systems treated with continuum‐based solvents and ab initio or density functional theory (DFT) methods. Overall, the QM/MM methodology provides detailed characterization of reaction paths, proper configurational sampling, several advantages over implicit solvent models, and a reasonable computational cost. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2014, 4:422–435.

This article is categorized under:

Electronic Structure Theory > Combined QM/MM Methods
Phantom limbs: pain, embodiment, and scientific advances in integrative therapies
Authors: Lenggenhager Bigna , Arnold Carolyn A. , Giummarra Melita J.
Published: February 2014

Research over the past two decades has begun to identify some of the key mechanisms underlying phantom limb pain and sensations; however, this continues to be a clinically challenging condition to manage. Treatment of phantom pain, like all chronic pain conditions, demands a holistic approach that takes into consideration peripheral, spinal, and central neuroplastic mechanisms. In this review, we focus on nonpharmacological treatments tailored to reverse the maladaptive neuroplasticity associated with phantom pain. Recent scientific advances emerging from interdisciplinary research between neuroscience, virtual reality, robotics, and prosthetics show the greatest promise for alternative embodiment and maintaining the integrity of the multifaceted representation of the body in the brain. Importantly, these advances have been found to prevent and reduce phantom limb pain. In particular, therapies that involve sensory and/or motor retraining, most naturally through the use of integrative prosthetic devices, as well as peripheral (e.g., transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) or central (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation or deep brain stimulation) stimulation techniques, have been found to both restore the neural representation of the missing limb and to reduce the intensity of phantom pain. While the evidence for the efficacy of these therapies is mounting, but well‐controlled and large‐scale studies are still needed. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:221–231. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1277

This article is categorized under:

Philosophy > Consciousness

Neuroscience > Clinical Neuroscience

Neuroscience > Plasticity
Evaluating reduced models of aggregated different doubly fed induction generator wind turbines for transient stabilities studies
Authors: García Carlos Andrés , Fernández Luis M. , Jurado Francisco
Published: February 2014

For the representation of wind farms in transient stability studies of electrical power systems, reduced models based on aggregating identical wind turbines are commonly used. In the case of a wind farm with different wind turbines coupled to the same grid connection point, it is usual to aggregate identical wind turbines operating in similar conditions into an equivalent one. However, in the existing literature, there are not any references to the aggregation of different wind turbines (same wind turbine technology but different rated power or components) into a single one. This paper presents a comparative study of four reduced models for aggregating different DFIG wind turbines, experiencing different incoming winds, into an equivalent model. The first of them is the classical clustering model, in which each equivalent model experiences an equivalent wind. The other reduced models have the same equivalent generation system but different equivalent mechanical systems. Thus, the second and third ones are compound models with a clustering aggregated mechanical system and individual simplified models, respectively, to approximate the individual mechanical power according to the incoming wind speeds. The fourth is a mixed model that uses an equivalent wind speed, which is applied to an equivalent mechanical system (equivalent rotor and drive train) in order to approximate the mechanical power of the aggregated wind turbines. The equivalent models are validated by means of comparison with the complete model of the wind farm when simulated under wind fluctuations and grid disturbances. Finally, recommendations with regard to the applicability of models are established. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coordination Networks Based on Nitrile‐Functionalized Borate Anions
Authors: Harloff Jörg , Karsch Markus , Lund Henrik , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander
Published: February 2014

Salts of cyano borates bear potential of forming coordination polymers with solvent‐filled voids as a source for porous materials. Herein we describe the synthesis and properties of novel cyano borates Na[H–B(O–C12H8–CN)3], Na[B(O–C12H8–CN)4] (C12H8 = biphenyl) and Na[B{O–C6H3–(CN)2}4], as well as a new modification of Na[B(O–C6H4–CN)4]. Crystal structures of the sodium borates and the starting materials HO–C6H3–(CN)2 and HO–C12H8–CN (new modification) are discussed as well. Data of nitrogen sorption experiments revealed a notable surface area in solvent‐free Na[H–B(O–C12H8–CN)3].
Single Crystal X‐ray Structure of Cu3TaSe4 and a Comparative Study of Cu3MX4 (M = V, Nb, Ta; X = S, Se, Te)
Authors: Ali Sk Imran , van Smaalen Sander
Published: February 2014

Single crystals of Cu3TaSe4 were obtained by chemical vapor transport with iodine as transport agent. Cu3TaSe4 crystallizes in the sulvanite structure type with space group P$\bar{4}$3m and a = 5.6613(3) Å at room temperature. Structure refinements against single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data result in a Cu–Se distance slightly longer than the Ta–Se distance, whereas previous Rietveld refinements obtained a Cu–Se distance shorter than the Ta–Se distance [G. E. Delgado et al., J. Alloys Comp. 2007, 439, 346]. The structural variations of sulvanite type compounds Cu3MX4 (M = V, Nb, Ta; X = S, Se, Te) are discussed in view of small distortions of CuX4 and MX4 tetrahedra and the atomic valences.
Insights into Avicenna’s Contributions to the Science of Surgery
Authors: Dalfardi Behnam , Mahmoudi Nezhad Golnoush Sadat
Published: February 2014

An influential Persian scholar of the Islamic Golden Age of Medicine (from the ninth to the twelfth centuries ad), Ibn‐e Sina (ad 980–1037), also known by the Latinized name Avicenna, is best remembered for his contributions to various aspects of medicine, particularly surgery. In fact, the art of surgery was a major focus of his attention and practice, and one to which he devoted several chapters of his main medical encyclopedia, Al‐Qanun fi al‐Tibb (The Canon of Medicine). This article presents a brief review of Avicenna’s life, introduce his textbook of medicine, and present his significant contributions to the science of surgery.
Bioconversion of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol in thin stillage-based media by engineered Lactobacillus panis PM1
Authors: Kang Tae Sun , Korber Darren R , Tanaka Takuji
Published: February 2014

Thin stillage (TS) is a waste residue that remains after bioethanol production, and its disposal reflects the high costs of bioethanol production. Thus, the development of cost-effective ways to process TS is a pending issue in bioethanol plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utilization of TS for the production of the valuable chemical, 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), by Lactobacillus panis PM1. Different fermentation parameters, including temperature, pH and strains [wild-type and a recombinant strain expressing a NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase (YqhD) gene] were tested in batch and fed-batch cultivations. The highest 1,3-PDO concentration (12.85 g/L) and yield (0.84 g/g) were achieved by batch fermentation at pH-4.5/30 °C by the YqhD recombinant strain. Furthermore, pH-controlled batch fermentation reduced the total fermentation period, resulting in the maximal 1,3-PDO concentration of 16.23 g/L and yield of 0.72 g/g in TS without an expensive nutrient or nitrogen (e.g., yeast extract, beef extract, and peptone) supplementation. The addition of two trace elements, Mg2+ and Mn2+, in TS increased 1,3-PDO yield (0.74 g/g) without 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde production, the only intermediate of 1,3-PDO biosynthetic pathway in L. panis PM1. Our results suggest that L. panis PM1 can offer a cost-effective process that utilizes the TS to produce a value-added chemical, 1,3-PDO.
Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Neutral Acylglycerols in Euonymus Fruits
Authors: Sidorov Roman A. , Zhukov Anatoly V. , Pchelkin Vasily P. , Vereshchagin Andrei G. , Tsydendambaev Vladimir D.
Published: February 2014

The content and fatty acid (FA) composition of FA neutral acylglycerols (NAG), a mixture of 1,2,3‐triacyl‐sn‐glycerols (TAG) and 3‐acetyl‐1,2‐diacyl‐sn‐glycerols (acDAG), were determined in the seeds and arils of fruits of 14 Euonymus L. species. On the average, the seeds exceeded the arils in the absolute and relative dry matter content 2.9‐ and 1.9‐fold, respectively, and separate plant species greatly differed in NAG composition. The proportions of TAG in the NAG of seeds and arils were 4–5 and ~98 %, respectively. The degree of FA unsaturation in aril NAG was higher than in the seed NAG, and in acDAG—higher, than in TAG. In the NAG, 14 major FA molecular species (excluding minor FA) were found, and linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and linolenic acids were predominant. NAG of separate taxonomic units of the genus Euonymus L. differed from each other in the concentration of major FA as well as other FA. So, by using statistical analysis, it was definitely established that the species from the subgenus Euonymus were characterized by an increased content of linoleic acid, while those from the subgenus Kalonymus, by the predominance of oleic acid. Meanwhile, the species of the section Euonymus were marked by an enhanced concentration of a number of hexa‐ and octadecenoic FA positional isomers.
Changes in Religious Group Affiliation during Older Adulthood: Evidence from an 11-year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hayward R. David , Krause Neal
Published: February 2014

Although older adults tend to be among the most religiously-involved groups of people, and are more likely to be affiliated with a religious group in comparison with their younger counterparts, very little is known about the extent to which older adults change their affiliations from one group to another, or what factors are associated with likelihood of changing religion during this part of the life span. This study uses longitudinal data covering a period of between 3 and 12 years from a survey of religion and health in older adults to describe changes in reported religious group affiliation and to examine the demographic and religious factors that predict these changes. The extent of change observed depended on how religious affiliation was coded. 69 % of older adults changed some element of their response regarding religious affiliation during the course of the study, but once responses were classified more broadly by religious tradition, the proportion changing was 27 %. There were also significant changes between Protestant denominations, and between specific organizations within Protestant denominations. Catholics and members of historically Black Protestant groups were less likely to change affiliations than Mainline Protestants or Conservative Protestants. Greater frequency of religious service attendance was related to lower likelihood of changing religious affiliation. Results indicate that religious affiliation change continues to occur in a significant proportion of individuals during the span of older adulthood, and that many of those who change tend to do so repeatedly.
Frequency analysis of surface electrocardiograms (ECGs) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: Correlation with the intracardiac ECGs and implications for radiofrequency catheter ablation
Authors: Uetake Shunsuke , Miyauchi Yasushi , Osaka Motohisa , Hayashi Meiso , Iwasaki Yu‐ki , Yodogawa Kenji , Horie Tsutomu , Tsuboi Ippei , Hayashi Hiroshi , Takahashi Kenta , Shimizu Wataru
Published: February 2014

Background

The nature and significance of the frequency characteristics of the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing radiofrequency ablation are unclear.

Methods

Preablation surface and intracardiac ECGs were obtained using offline fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis in 40 patients with persistent AF. For the FFT analysis of the surface f‐wave, the QRS‐T complex was canceled utilizing a template subtraction algorithm. The ablation procedure included isolation of the pulmonary veins (PV) and posterior left atrium and linear ablation of the mitral isthmus and additional lesions using a stepwise approach.

Results

The dominant frequency (DF) of all the intracardiac signals, except for the left inferior PV, had a significant correlation with the DFs from the surface electrocardiogram. The strongest correlation was observed between the DFs of the left atrial appendage (LAA) and those on the limb leads (correlation coefficient, 0.802–0.882, P<0.001) and between the DFs on the right atrial appendage and those on lead V1 (correlation coefficient, 0.86, P<0.0001). After radiofrequency ablation, AF was terminated in 23 patients and persisted in the remaining 17. The best electrographic predictor of AF termination was the DFs in the LAA (DF<6.5 Hz, sensitivity 75%, specificity 86%) and lead II (DF<5.9 Hz, sensitivity 82%, specificity 78%), respectively.

Conclusions

The frequency characteristics of the surface ECG correlated with those of the intracardiac signals, and the DF predicted termination of AF during radiofrequency ablation in patients with persistent AF.
Stefan Wolpe and the Avant-Garde Diaspora
Authors: Cohen Brigid
Published: February 2014

The German-Jewish émigré composer Stefan Wolpe was a vital figure in the history of modernism, with affiliations ranging from the Bauhaus, Berlin agitprop and the kibbutz movement to bebop, Abstract Expressionism and Black Mountain College. This is the first full-length study of this often overlooked composer, launched from the standpoint of the mass migrations that have defined recent times. Drawing on over 2000 pages of unpublished documents, Cohen explores how avant-garde communities across three continents adapted to situations of extreme cultural and physical dislocation. A conjurer of unexpected cultural connections, Wolpe serves as an entry-point to the utopian art worlds of Weimar-era Germany, pacifist movements in 1930s Palestine and vibrant art and music scenes in early Cold War America. The book takes advantage of Wolpe's role as a mediator, bringing together perspectives from music scholarship, art history, comparative literature, postcolonial studies and recent theories of cosmopolitanism and diaspora.
The Huguenots of Paris and the Coming of Religious Freedom, 1685–1789
Authors: Garrioch David
Published: February 2014

How did the Huguenots of Paris survive, and even prosper, in the eighteenth century when the majority Catholic population was notorious for its hostility to Protestantism? Why, by the end of the Old Regime, did public opinion overwhelmingly favour giving Huguenots greater rights? This study of the growth of religious toleration in Paris traces the specific history of the Huguenots after Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685. David Garrioch identifies the roots of this transformation of attitudes towards the minority Huguenot population in their own methods of resistance to persecution and pragmatic government responses to it, as well as in the particular environment of Paris. Above all, this book identifies the extraordinary shift in Catholic religious culture that took place over the century as a significant cause of change, set against the backdrop of cultural and intellectual transformation that we call the Enlightenment.
Becoming a Poet in Anglo-Saxon England
Authors: Thornbury Emily V.
Published: February 2014

Combining historical, literary and linguistic evidence from Old English and Latin, Becoming a Poet in Anglo-Saxon England creates a new, more complete picture of who and what pre-Conquest English poets really were. It includes a study of Anglo-Saxon words for 'poet' and the first list of named poets in Anglo-Saxon England. Its survey of known poets identifies four social roles that poets often held - teachers, scribes, musicians and courtiers - and explores the kinds of poetry created by these individuals. The book also offers a new model for understanding the role of social groups in poets' experience: it argues that the presence or absence of a poetic community affected the work of Anglo-Saxon poets at all levels, from minute technical detail to the portrayal of character. This focus on poetic communities provides a new way to understand the intersection of history and literature in the Middle Ages.
The Golem
Authors: Collins Harry M. , Pinch Trevor
Published: February 2014

Harry Collins and Trevor Pinch liken science to the Golem, a creature from Jewish mythology, powerful yet potentially dangerous, a gentle, helpful creature that may yet run amok at any moment. Through a series of intriguing case studies the authors debunk the traditional view that science is the straightforward result of competent theorisation, observation and experimentation. The very well-received first edition generated much debate, reflected in a substantial new Afterword in this second edition, which seeks to place the book in what have become known as 'the science wars'.
Visualizing Blackness and the Creation of the African American Literary Tradition
Authors: Hill Lena
Published: February 2014

Negative stereotypes of African Americans have long been disseminated through the visual arts. This original and incisive study examines how black writers use visual tropes as literary devices to challenge readers' conceptions of black identity. Lena Hill charts two hundred years of African American literary history, from Phillis Wheatley to Ralph Ellison, and engages with a variety of canonical and lesser-known writers. Chapters interweave literary history, museum culture, and visual analysis of numerous illustrations with close readings of Booker T. Washington, Gwendolyn Bennett, Zora Neale Hurston, Melvin Tolson, and others. Together, these sections register the degree to which African American writers rely on vision - its modes, consequences, and insights - to demonstrate black intellectual and cultural sophistication. Hill's provocative study will interest scholars and students of African American literature and American literature more broadly.
Gender, Conflict and Peace in Kashmir
Authors: Shekhawat Seema
Published: February 2014

This book demonstrates that gender is a key component of conflict and peace discourse. The marginalization of women in conflict and peace is all pervasive. Kashmir is a mirror image of this global scenario. Kashmiri women aided the militant movement in significant ways though they did not take part in direct combat. They played key roles to sustain and nourish the movement – as protestors, protectors and motivators, and facilitators. Their experiences of participation in the conflict, however, remain subdued by the dominant masculinist discourse. Kashmiri women are excluded from the militancy discourse as contributors as well as from peacemaking discourse as stakeholders. The study interrogates theory and practice of women's participation in conflict and argues that changed gender-roles during conflict do not necessarily revolutionize socially ascribed norms. The book also examines the experiences of women in sustaining conflict to make a case for their due place in negotiating formal peace.
Quasiconformal Surgery in Holomorphic Dynamics
Authors: Branner Bodil , Fagella Núria
Published: February 2014

Since its introduction in the early 1980s quasiconformal surgery has become a major tool in the development of the theory of holomorphic dynamics, and it is essential background knowledge for any researcher in the field. In this comprehensive introduction the authors begin with the foundations and a general description of surgery techniques before turning their attention to a wide variety of applications. They demonstrate the different types of surgeries that lie behind many important results in holomorphic dynamics, dealing in particular with Julia sets and the Mandelbrot set. Two of these surgeries go beyond the classical realm of quasiconformal surgery and use trans-quasiconformal surgery. Another deals with holomorphic correspondences, a natural generalization of holomorphic maps. The book is ideal for graduate students and researchers requiring a self-contained text including a variety of applications. It particularly emphasises the geometrical ideas behind the proofs, with many helpful illustrations seldom found in the literature.
The Decipherment of Linear B
Authors: Chadwick John
Published: February 2014

The languages of the ancient world and the mysterious scripts, long undeciphered, in which they were encoded have represented one of the most intriguing problems of classical archaeology in modern times. This celebrated account of the decipherment of Linear B in the 1950s by Michael Ventris was written by his close collaborator in the momentous discovery. In revealing the secrets of Linear B it offers a valuable survey of late Minoan and Myceanean archaeology, uncovering fascinating details of the religion and economic history of an ancient civilisation.
Economics and Culture
Authors: Throsby David
Published: February 2014

In an increasingly globalised world, economic and cultural imperatives can be seen as two of the most powerful forces shaping human behaviour. This book considers the relationship between economics and culture both as areas of intellectual discourse, and as systems of societal organisation. Adopting a broad definition of culture, it explores the economic dimensions of culture, and the cultural context of economics. The book is built on a foundation of value theory, developing the twin notions of economic and cultural value as underlying principles for integrating the two fields. Ideas of cultural capital and sustainability are discussed, especially as means of analysing the particular problems of cultural heritage, drawing parallels with the treatment of natural capital in ecological economics. The book goes on to discuss the economics of creativity in the production of cultural goods and services; culture in economic development; the cultural industries; and cultural policy.
SuperFractals
Authors: Barnsley Michael Fielding
Published: February 2014

SuperFractals, first published in 2006, is the successor to Fractals Everywhere, in which the power and beauty of Iterated Function Systems were introduced and applied to producing startling and original images that reflect complex structures found for example in nature. This provoked the question of whether there is a deeper connection between topology, geometry, IFS and codes on the one hand and biology, DNA and protein development on the other. Now, 20 years later, Barnsley explains how IFS have developed in order to address this issue. Ideas such as fractal tops and superIFS are introduced, and the classical deterministic approach is combined with probabilistic ideas to produce new mathematics and algorithms that open a whole theory that could have applications in computer graphics, bioinformatics, economics, signal processing and beyond. For the first time these ideas are explained in book form, and illustrated with breathtaking pictures.
Modernist Voyages
Authors: Snaith Anna
Published: February 2014

London's literary and cultural scene fostered newly configured forms of feminist anticolonialism during the modernist period. Through their writing in and about the imperial metropolis, colonial women authors not only remapped the city, they also renegotiated the position of women within the empire. This book examines the significance of gender to the interwoven nature of empire and modernism. As transgressive figures of modernity, writers such as Jean Rhys, Katherine Mansfield, Una Marson and Sarojini Naidu brought their own versions of modernity to the capital, revealing the complex ways in which colonial identities 'traveled' to London at the turn of the twentieth century. Anna Snaith's timely and original study provides a new vantage point on the urban metropolis and its artistic communities for scholars and students of literary modernism, gender and postcolonial studies, and English literature more broadly.
Enduring the Great War
Authors: Watson Alexander
Published: February 2014

This book is an innovative comparative history of how German and British soldiers endured the horror of the First World War. Unlike existing literature, which emphasises the strength of societies or military institutions, this study argues that at the heart of armies' robustness lay natural human resilience. Drawing widely on contemporary letters and diaries of British and German soldiers, psychiatric reports and official documentation, and interpreting these sources with modern psychological research, this unique account provides fresh insights into the soldiers' fears, motivations and coping mechanisms. It explains why the British outlasted their opponents by examining and comparing the motives for fighting, the effectiveness with which armies and societies supported men and the combatants' morale throughout the conflict on both sides. Finally it challenges the consensus on the war's end, arguing that not a 'covert strike' but rather an 'ordered surrender' led by junior officers brought about Germany's defeat in 1918.
Social Media Intelligence
Authors: Moe Wendy W. , Schweidel David A.
Published: February 2014

In the world of Facebook, Twitter and Yelp, water-cooler conversations with co-workers and backyard small talk with neighbors have moved from the physical world to the digital arena. In this new landscape, organizations ranging from Fortune 500 companies to government agencies to political campaigns continuously monitor online opinions in an effort to guide their actions. Are consumers satisfied with our product? How are our policies perceived? Do voters agree with our platform? Measuring online opinion is more complex than just reading a few posted reviews. Social media is replete with noise and chatter that can contaminate monitoring efforts. By knowing what shapes online opinions, organizations can better uncover the valuable insights hidden in the social media chatter and better inform strategy. This book can help anyone facing the challenge of making sense of social media data to move beyond the current practice of social media monitoring to more comprehensive use of social media intelligence.
Vision, Devotion, and Self-Representation in Late Medieval Art
Authors: Sand Alexa
Published: February 2014

This book investigates the 'owner portrait' in the context of late medieval devotional books primarily from France and England. These mirror-like pictures of praying book owners respond to and help develop a growing concern with visibility and self-scrutiny that characterized the religious life of the laity after the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215. The image of the praying book owner translated pre-existing representational strategies concerned with the authority and spiritual efficacy of pictures and books, such as the Holy Face and the donor image, into a more intimate and reflexive mode of address in Psalters and Books of Hours created for lay users. Alexa Sand demonstrates how this transformation had profound implications for devotional practices and for the performance of gender and class identity in the striving, aristocratic world of late medieval France and England.
Catalogue of the Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition, Royal Albert Hall, London, 1887
Authors: Jacobs Joseph , Wolf Lucien
Published: February 2014

The pogroms in Russia following the assassination of Alexander II led many Jewish scholars in Europe to examine closely the history and culture of their people. Over three months in 1887 the Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition in London aimed 'to promote knowledge of Anglo-Jewish History; to create a deeper interest in its records and relics, and to aid in their preservation', while also determining 'the extent of the materials which exist for the compilation of a History of the Jews in England'. Artefacts illuminating this history, together with religious art and miscellaneous antiquities, were placed on public display and a series of lectures was given. Various academic enterprises, including the Bibliotheca Anglo-Judaica - also edited by Joseph Jacobs (1854–1916) and Lucien Wolf (1857–1930) and reissued in this series - were undertaken as a direct result of this important event. The descriptive catalogue of exhibits, first published in 1888, is also well illustrated with a number of full-page photographs.
Behavioral Economics
Authors: Heukelom Floris
Published: February 2014

This book presents a history of behavioral economics. The recurring theme is that behavioral economics reflects and contributes to a fundamental reorientation of the epistemological foundations upon which economics had been based since the days of Smith, Ricardo, and Mill. With behavioral economics, the discipline has shifted from grounding its theories in generalized characterizations to building theories from behavioral assumptions directly amenable to empirical validation and refutation. The book proceeds chronologically and takes the reader from von Neumann and Morgenstern's axioms of rational behavior, through the incorporation of rational decision theory in psychology in the 1950s–70s, to the creation and rise of behavioral economics in the 1980s and 1990s at the Sloan and Russell Sage Foundations.
The role of surfactants on the mechanism of the long-wave instability in liquid film flows
Authors: Karapetsas George , Bontozoglou Vasilis
Published: February 2014

The analysis for the physical mechanism of the long-wave instability in liquid film flow is extended to take into account the presence of a surfactant of arbitrary solubility. The Navier–Stokes equations are supplemented by mass balances for the concentrations at the interface and in the bulk, by a Langmuir model for adsorption kinetics at the interface, and are expanded in the limit of long-wave disturbances. The longitudinal flow perturbation, known to result from the perturbation shear stress which develops along the deformed interface, is shown to contribute a convective flux that triggers an interfacial concentration gradient. This gradient is, at leading order, in phase with the interfacial deformation, and as a result produces Marangoni stresses that stabilize the flow. The strength of the interfacial concentration gradient is shown to be maximum for an insoluble surfactant and to decrease with increasing surfactant solubility. The decrease is explained in terms of the spatial phase of mass transfer between interface and bulk, which mitigates the interfacial flux by the flow perturbation and leads to the attenuation of Marangoni stresses. Higher-order terms are derived, which provide corrections for disturbances of finite wavelength.
The Distributive Effects of Corruption
Authors: Popa Mircea
Published: February 2014

This article puts forward an explanation of the resilience of corruption by arguing that this phenomenon offers net gains to a much larger share of the population than just corrupt government officials. Corruption is modeled as a solution to an allocation problem for a generic government goodG. The defining features of this solution are the existence of a market forGwhen it is not supposed to exist, and the fact that, in that market, contracts cannot be enforced by an outside agent and transactions are usually secret. Corruption redistributes welfare toward ‘insiders’ who share some natural connection to the government and to other insiders. Corruption also redistributes welfare toward those who are skilled at imposing negative externalities.
Smoking cessation is associated with lower rates of mood/anxiety and alcohol use disorders
Authors: Cavazos-Rehg P. A. , Breslau N. , Hatsukami D. , Krauss M. J. , Spitznagel E. L. , Grucza R. A. , Salyer P. , Hartz S. M. , Bierut L. J.
Published: February 2014

Background

The psychological outcomes that accompany smoking cessation are not yet conclusive but positive outcomes could help to persuade quitting.

Method

We used data from the longitudinal National Epidemiological Study of Alcohol and Related Conditions. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between cigarette smoking reduction and Wave 2 status of addiction/mental health disorder among daily smokers at Wave 1, stratified by status of the diagnosis of interest at Wave 1. We adjusted for differences in baseline covariates between smokers with different levels of smoking reduction between Wave 1 and Wave 2 using propensity score regression adjustment.

Results

After adjusting for propensity scores and other mental health/addiction co-morbidities at Wave 2, among daily smokers who had current or lifetime history diagnosis of the outcome of interest at Wave 1, quitting by Wave 2 predicted a decreased risk of mood/anxiety disorder [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4–0.9] and alcohol disorder (aOR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5–0.99) at Wave 2. Among daily smokers with no lifetime history diagnosis of the outcome of interest at Wave 1, quitting smoking by Wave 2 predicted a decreased risk of drug use disorder at Wave 2 (aOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.9).

Conclusions

There is no support in our data for the concern that smoking cessation would result in smokers' increased risk of some mental disorders. To the contrary, our data suggest that smoking cessation is associated with risk reduction for mood/anxiety or alcohol use disorder, even among smokers who have had a pre-existing disorder.
CONTRACTUALISM, PERSONAL VALUES, AND WELL-BEING
Authors: de Marneffe Peter
Published: February 2014

Scanlon's distinction between well-being and other personal values cannot be made out clearly if well-being is understood, as it commonly is, to consist in whatever is intrinsically good for a person. Two other accounts of well-being, however, might be able to explain this distinction. One is a version of the rational care view proposed by Stephen Darwall; another is a rational sympathy view suggested by some of Brad Hooker's work.
AN ONTOLOGICAL PROOF OF MORAL REALISM
Authors: Huemer Michael
Published: February 2014

The essay argues that while there is no general agreement on whether moral realism is true, there is general agreement on at least some of the moral obligations that we have if moral realism is true. Given that moral realism might be true, and given that we know some of the things we ought to do if it is true, we have a reason to do those things. Furthermore, this reason is itself an objective moral reason. Thus, if moral realism might be true, then it is true.
FEASIBILITY IN OPTIMIZING ETHICS
Authors: Brennan Geoffrey
Published: February 2014

Doing the best we can in the world as it is requires that appropriate account be taken of “feasibility considerations.” The object of this essay is to examine what “appropriate account” amounts to — and specifically how “feasibility” should be conceptualized so as to operate most congenially with “desirability considerations.” One element in this exercise is to recognize “feasibility” not so much as a category as “coming in degrees” (just as desirability must be recognized). A second element is to specify evaluands as actions — objects that the advisee controls — rather than as objects that lie somewhere intermediate along the path from actions to final desirability principles. This move serves to collapse all feasibility issues to ones relating to the consequences of genuine actions rather than “feasibility of” other kinds of objects of evaluation. A particular problem in the proper treatment of feasibility considerations is the tendency to begin from the “ought-implies-can” principle, a point of departure that frames feasibility considerations in a dismissive or otherwise inadequate way.
PROPERTY IN THE MORAL LIFE OF HUMAN BEINGS
Authors: Bertram Christopher
Published: February 2014

Liberal egalitarian political philosophers have often argued that private property is a legal convention dependent on the state and that complaints about taxation from entitlement theorists are therefore based on a conceptual mistake. But our capacity to grasp and use property concepts seems too embedded in human nature for this to be correct. This essay argues that many standard arguments that property is constitutively a legal convention fail, but that the opposition between conventionalists and natural rights theorists is outmoded. In doing this, the essay draws on recent literature in evolutionary biology and psychology. Even though modern property in a complex society involves legal conventions, those conventions should be sensitive to our natural dispositions concerning ownership.
The plantation paradigm: colonial agronomy, African farmers, and the global cocoa boom, 1870s–1940s
Authors: Ross Corey
Published: February 2014

This article investigates the powerful normative role of plantation-oriented agricultural practices in what was arguably the premier indigenous crop revolution of the colonial era: the West African cocoa boom. It traces the links between the extraordinary growth of cocoa production in the region – above all in the Gold Coast – and the longer experience of cocoa estates in other parts of the world, in particular the Caribbean, which served as a key reference point for the expanding global cocoa frontier in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In spite of the manifest competitive success of African farmers’ extensive agricultural practices during this period, most outside observers retained a strong partiality towards intensive production techniques under centralized European management. This article emphasizes the role played by the transcontinental exchange of ideas in sustaining the cultural authority of such cultivation techniques long after their commercial viability came into question.