bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sobre la naturaleza de la matemática y su papel en la ciencia y la sociedad
Authors: Coziol Roger
Published: March 2023

La lógica y la matemática son los productos naturales del desarrollo de la inteligencia. Si entendemos la matemática como el simbolismo de las acciones del sujeto sobre el objeto, entonces, tanto la verdad en la matemática como en la física tienen el mismo origen: se basan en nuestras interacciones con la realidad. Esto explica por qué no importa cuán abstracta es la matemática; siempre habrá una parte que se aplicará a la descripción física del mundo. La verdadera utilidad de la matemática reside en cambiar la mente revelando nuevos aspectos de la realidad y extender nuestra conciencia.
chiismo y su impacto en la construcción del Estado iraní
Authors: Gómez Ortigosa Muñoz Laura Gabriela , Pérez Abreu Alejandro Solchaga , Starling Sánchez Benjamín James , Vázquez César Jesús
Published: March 2023

La República Islámica de Irán (RII) es un país clave en Medio Oriente, ya que demuestra ser un contrapeso importante al poseer una mayoría chiita; así también, representa una contraparte a la influencia de Occidente en esta región. Este trabajo se propone exponer cómo es que Irán ha logrado esta posición privilegiada en la actualidad tanto en la región como en el sistema internacional, principalmente tras la Revolución de 1979, el acontecimiento que marcó una nueva era para el país.
"CHALLENGES OF LEGAL TRANSLATION: SPECIFIC PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES IDENTIFIED THROUGH A VIRTUAL WORKSHOP "
Authors:   Babeș-Bolyai University, Sărmașiu Andreea-Maria
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes to highlight the challenges encountered by students in Translation studies and/ or (legal) translators in translating legal texts relating to Civil law (Family law) as a direct result of investigating specific problems and strategies. The content focuses on the identification and the analysis of the pragmatic, linguistic, cultural and text-specific problems and their replication in strategies used in an interdisciplinary translation approach through a virtual legal translation workshop. Furthermore, this paper intends to outline the expected findings of the above-mentioned virtual legal translation workshop: the academic and professional validation of theoretical ideas brought in different practices usable in legal translation activities.
"DRIVEN BY A MUTUAL LANGUAGE? BRITISH VERSUS AMERICAN ENGLISH "
Authors:   University of Craiova, Leotescu Daniel , Leotescu Georgiana ,   University of Craiova
Published: March 2023

The development of the English language is regarded as a continuous process in which its daily usage plays an essential role. The historical events are also considered a contributing factor since their impact on the everyday lives of ordinary people inevitably includes the language used by each speaker. With the geographical expansion and the colonization of different parts of the world, local language varieties have been superseded, and the English language spectrum has widened significantly. Our study focuses on the differences between American English and British English, as there are approximately 4,000 words that make up their core lexical identity.
"TYPES OF TOURISM IN ALBANIAN TRAVEL GUIDEBOOKS: A CORPUS-BASED ANALYSIS "
Authors:   University of Rome “Sapienza”, Skendo Irena ,   University of Silesia
Published: March 2023

Taking into consideration the tourism phenomenon in Albania, from few numbers of tourists in the past to large numbers of foreigners visiting the country and, thus, contributing to the improvement of the economy, this paper aims to investigate the diverse types of tourism offered to the foreigners. Therefore, a corpus of tourism travel guidebooks published in Albania in the English language used for the country`s promotion in the world was analyzed to throw light on what kind of tourism is promoted in the texts and how. The approach utilized here is corpus linguistics and it is both quantitative and qualitative. The results indicate that tourism is not only intended for the summer holidays, but it is offered in various forms. There are several choices provided to visitors such as coastal, green, historical, cultural, winter and adventure tourism. The diverse types of tourism presented through this data analysis led us to the belief and thought that this text is trying to attract future visitors of all ages and a range of personal interests. In other words, there is anything for anyone and, so, one is not restricted to visiting Albania only in the summer but all year round.
Sorggrupper i de danske skoler. En socialpsykologisk undersøgelse af de grundlæggende antagelser bag etablering af sorggrupper for børn i danske skoler
Authors:   , Suhr Anne
Published: March 2023

Afhandlingen tager afsæt i, at samtalegrupper og sorggrupper for børn og unge i stigende grad vinder indpas i det danske samfund, hvor skolen er blevet en central aktør. Men hvad ved vi om sorggrupper i skoleregi? Hvad siger forskningen om fænomenet. Afhandling undersøger de grundlæggende antagelser, der ligger bag etableringen af sorggrupper i de danske skoler og diskutere implikationer af terapeutisk inspirerede gruppetilbud til elever i skoler, hvor interventionen er ledes af pædaogogisk personale. Undersøgelsen er baseret på kvalitativ interviewundersøgelse, dokumentanalyser og systematisk integrativt litteraturreviw. Afhandlingen teoretiske fundament trækker på den socialpsykologiske teori, Social Repræsentations Teori (SRT).
La conciliation emploi-famille chez les mères et les pères
québécois en temps de pandémie : constats et recommandations pour le Québec
Authors: Mathieu Sophie , Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle
Published: March 2023

Cadre de la recherche : La crise sanitaire s’est
traduite par des situations difficiles pour nombre de travailleurs, mais en particulier
pour les parents, qui ont dû concilier leurs activités professionnelles et familiales,
alors que les enfants étaient à la maison.

Objectifs : L’objectif de cette recherche est de
comparer la situation de conciliation emploi-famille des pères et des mères québécois
avant et pendant la pandémie.

Méthodologie : Nous utilisons des données
d’enquêtes recueillies auprès de parents-travailleurs québécois en 2018, 2020 et 2021.

Résultats : Nous résultats permettent de faire
trois constats, soit 1) l’existence d’effets genrés de la pandémie sur les travailleurs
québécois 2) le rôle des employeurs dans la diminution du conflit emploi-famille, et 3)
une certaine facilité rapportée dans la conciliation emploi-famille en période de
pandémie.

Conclusions : La transition au télétravail qui a
réduit les conflits de temps pour plusieurs parents, qui estiment, dans une plus grande
proportion, avoir une conciliation emploi-famille facile en 2020 et en 2021,
comparativement à 2018.

Contribution : Notre recherche permet de
formuler des recommandations pour améliorer le soutien offert aux familles québécoises en
termes de conciliation emploi-famille.
COVID-19, confinement et répercussions chez des
étudiant.e.s universitaires espagnol.e.s : une analyse exploratoire
Authors: Guevara Espinar Miguel David , Lévy Joseph Josy
Published: March 2023

Cadre de la recherche : À partir des cadres
théoriques de la qualité de vie et de la sociologie des usages des technologies, cet
article qualitatif explore les conséquences du confinement à la suite de la pandémie de la
COVID-19 parmi des étudiant.e.s espagnol.e.s de l’Université de Salamanque.

Objectifs : Cet article analyse l’impact du
confinement sur la qualité de la vie des étudiant.e.s universitaires dans différentes
sphères, que ce soit le résidentiel, la santé mentale, l’alimentation, la consommation
d’alcool et de drogues, l’exercice physique, l’usage des technologies d’information et de
communication (TIC), le travail académique, les répercussions financières et les
stratégies de gestion (coping).

Méthodologie : Des entretiens exploratoires ont
été menés auprès de 12 répondant.e.s (6 étudiants et 6 étudiantes) inscrits à l’Université
de Salamanque sur les répercussions du confinement dans les différentes sphères de vie.
Les transcriptions ont fait l’objet d’une codification et d’une analyse thématique pour en
dégager les dimensions saillantes, les convergences et les différences dans l’expérience
des étudiants.

Résultats : Cette étude a permis de dégager les
répercussions positives et négatives du confinement à la suite de la pandémie de la
COVID-19 sur la qualité de vie, de cerner le répertoire des réactions à cet événement
extrême dans les différentes sphères de vie, et en particulier dans le recours aux
technologies d’information et de communication au plan social et académique.

Conclusions :  Notre analyse permet de conclure
que le confinement n’a pas été une période toujours problématique, mais qu’elle a permis
l’exploration d’enjeux existentiels et de nouvelles conduites susceptibles de contribuer
au développement personnel.

Contribution : Cet article contribue à la
recherche sur la COVID-19 portant sur les étudiant.e. s universitaires à partir d’une
perspective qualitative encore peu utilisée dans les travaux sur la pandémie.
Activités partagées et sociabilités
familiales
Authors: Dessinges Catherine
Published: March 2023

Cadre de la recherche : La crise sanitaire
engendrée par la Covid-19 a bouleversé la vie des Français, en particulier celle des
parents avec des enfants de moins de 12 ans qui ont dû réorganiser leur vie familiale pour
réapprendre à faire famille.

Objectifs : Cet article présente les résultats
d’une recherche sur les activités partagées en famille durant le confinement et interroge
les formes et les supports pris par les sociabilités familiales du foyer et hors foyer à
l’aune d’une diversité de facteurs socio-économiques.

Méthodologie : L’étude s’appuie sur une
méthodologie de type mixte combinant les résultats d’une enquête par questionnaire
conduite auprès de 1731 parents d’enfants âgés entre 6 et 12 ans et des données
qualitatives issues de 25 entretiens individuels téléphoniques.

Résultats : Les résultats de la recherche
révèlent, du fait de l’isolement spatial, une forte augmentation des activités partagées
entre parents et enfants avec des variations importantes pour les pratiques de loisirs
selon notamment le genre parental, les facteurs socio-familiaux et la position face à
l’emploi. Les sociabilités intra-familiales ont quant à elle particulièrement favorisé
l’engouement pour les contenus audiovisuels alors que les technologies de l’information
ont été fortement mobilisées pour réassurer le lien en dehors du foyer.

Conclusions : À l’échelle des familles avec
enfants de 6 à 12 ans, l'arrivée de la Covid-19 a non seulement bouleversé, mais aussi
intensifié et remodelé les dynamiques sociales familiales. En suscitant de nouveaux usages
impulsés par l’absence d’échanges physiques, les technologies numériques de communication
ont opéré une double médiation technique et sociale, à la fois en tant qu’outil et
instrument des sociabilités.

Contribution : En apportant de nouvelles
connaissances sur une crise sanitaire mondiale majeure, l’article vise à mieux comprendre
les conséquences de la Covid-19 sur les organisations familiales. Il contribue ainsi aux
recherches en sciences de l’éducation, mais aussi en sociologie des usages des
technologies, en particulier chez les publics jeunes, et au savoir sociologique sur
l’articulation entre pratiques numériques et vie familiale.
« Je m’ennuie beaucoup de mamie et papi ».
Impacts des mesures sociosanitaires sur les liens grands-parents et petits-enfants
Authors: Côté Isabel , Gervais Christine , Doucet Sophie , Lafantaisie Vicky
Published: March 2023

Cadre de la recherche : La pandémie bouleverse
le quotidien des familles depuis plus d’un an. En plus des craintes et des incertitudes
liées au virus de la COVID-19, la pandémie a exigé de redéfinir plusieurs routines du
quotidien, dont les activités et loisirs, l’accès aux services, le travail, la
scolarisation et les relations interpersonnelles. Les enfants, peu susceptibles d’avoir la
COVID-19, ont néanmoins vécu les contrecoups des mesures sociosanitaires mises en place
pour y faire face.

Objectifs : En se basant sur l’approche centrée
sur l’enfant, cet article cherche à comprendre de quelle façon la pandémie de la COVID-19
et les mesures sociosanitaires qui en ont découlées ont bouleversé la vie des familles,
principalement la relation grands-parents/petits-enfants.

Méthodologie : Cette étude utilise un devis
qualitatif longitudinal en trois temps de mesure en fonction des différents moments clés
de la pandémie. Au total, 154 enfants et adolescents ont été rencontrés à trois reprises
dans le cadre d’entrevues semi-dirigées via Zoom.

Résultats : Les résultats mettent en lumière les
façons dont les petits-enfants et les grands-parents ont su s’adapter pour maintenir leur
relation pendant la pandémie. Cette étude nous permet de constater que les petits-enfants
s’inquiètent de la santé de leurs grands-parents, mais qu’ils souhaitent quand même avoir
des contacts en personne avec eux, malgré les risques.

Conclusions : La relation entre les
petits-enfants et leurs grands-parents est une relation affective et durable qui perdure
et s’adapte en temps de crise.

Contribution : Cet article rend compte de
l’importance des grands-parents dans la vie de leurs petits-enfants, et ce
particulièrement en temps de crise. Il permet aussi de mieux comprendre comment les
familles ont su s’adapter pendant la pandémie.
L’album photographique : une famille
affective ?
Authors: Molay Doriane
Published: March 2023

Cadre de la recherche : Avec la démocratisation
de la photographie, la pratique de l’album de famille s’est généralisée. Les objets
produits à partir d’instantanés, de textes, de dessins et de collages se sont imposés
comme des structures fondatrices de communautés affectives singulières. Pourtant, depuis que cette pratique a intégré le champ de la
recherche, le médium ne s’est considéré qu’au prisme de deux disciplines : la sociologie,
laissant de côté l’étude des formes, et les théories de l’art, projetant un particularisme
empêchant toute herméneutique.

Objectif : L’objectif de cet article est de
relire la pratique de l’album de famille au travers de sa matérialité de manière à en
appréhender la portée pour les sujets représentés au sein d’un groupe dont il nous faudra
comprendre les spécificités.

Méthodologie : Pour ce faire, nous nous
appuierons sur les fonds du musée Niépce (Bourgogne, France) et la consultation de près de
mille objets dont 219 en forment le cœur, albums photographiques principalement français
réalisés de 1880 à 1980.

Résultats : Ce travail constatera l’importante
fragmentation de l’espace de l’album qu’il envisagera comme un lieu qui réunit, conserve
et sécurise l’expression sensible d’une famille fantasmée. Il examinera également l’album
au prisme du jeu et des expérimentations des rapports sociaux qu’il permet.

Conclusion : Ainsi, l’album est au cœur d’une
discipline, l’esthétique sociale, qui rend indéfectible l’interdépendance des dimensions
esthétique et sociologique, témoignant de la portée expressive de l’objet lui-même.

Contribution : À notre connaissance, aucune
étude n’a pris en compte un corpus suffisamment large et des disciplines souvent
dissociées par la recherche de façon à considérer l’objet album de famille dans son
entièreté, pour sa forme et son contenu.
La prison ailleurs. Enquête sur les fonctions de l’enfermement carcéral au Cameroun
Authors: Eyenga Georges Macaire
Published: March 2023

Cet article analyse les fonctions de la prison au Cameroun à partir d’une mise en débat de la pensée de Philippe Combessie dans la sociologie carcérale. Il procède dans un premier temps à une confrontation des fonctions classiques de la prison au contexte africain afin de dégager les continuités et les ruptures ; puis dans un second temps, il énonce une autre fonction de la prison, celle de domination analysée dans l’expérience coloniale et postcoloniale de la prison. L’analyse recourt à l’histoire et au néofonctionnalisme pour rendre compte de la manière dont le modèle-prison s’est diffusé dans les colonies pour servir l’impérialisme occidental et sa réappropriation par les ordres politiques des États indépendants africains. Il se dégage de cette étude que si l’universalité de la prison peut être affirmée, son historicité est à comprendre en la resituant dans les multiples expériences de sa traduction dans chaque continent.
The Analysis of Inulin From Yam Tubers using FTIR (FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRA RED)
Authors: Alexander Irving Josafat , Bulan Rumondang , Zaidar Emma , Silaban Ramlan , Soripada Timotius Agung , Sirait Gloria
Published: March 2023

Research on inulin which was isolated from yam tubers (Pachyrhizuserorus).This research is a experimental laboratory research. The Qualitative Analysis of Inulin is Reduction Sugar make a Bennedictand The Quantitative Analysis Inulin was isolated from yam tubers is characterized by using Forrier Transform Infra Red (FTIR).
Research on the Reform and Innovation of College Students' Career Planning and Employment Guidance Courses in the New Era
Authors: Yang Yuxuan
Published: March 2023

The career planning and employment guidance courses in colleges and universities play a crucial role in helping students prepare for their future careers. However, with the rapid changes in the economy and job market, these courses need to be reformed and innovated to better meet the evolving needs of students. This thesis explores the current status of career planning and employment guidance courses in colleges and universities in the new era, identifies the challenges faced by these courses, and proposes strategies for reform and innovation.
Determinación de procesos de deformación del suelo en el acuífero del Maipo mediante el uso de interferometría SAR
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Sáez Gutiérrez Rodrigo
Published: March 2023

La crisis de disponibilidad de agua hace necesario diversificar y mejorar las técnicas de monitoreo, especialmente en lo que respecta a las aguas subterráneas. El objetivo de este trabajo es integrar información geológica e hidrogeológica con datos de Interferometría de Dispersión Persistente (PSI) para evaluar los procesos de deformación del suelo en el acuífero de Santiago durante los últimos 7 años. El movimiento del suelo fue monitoreado mediante la explotación de imágenes SAR de los satélites Sentinel-1A y Sentinel 1-B. Los resultados de DInSAR muestran una deformación en algunas áreas del acuífero y pequeños desplazamientos verticales de la superficie terrestre de hasta -42 mm, con una velocidad media estimada de 0,14 mm / año y una desviación estándar de 1,8 mm / año (1.500 PSI). . Las tasas de subsidencia más altas registradas durante este período (> 4 mm / año) se detectaron en la parte occidental del acuífero de Santiago. Para este período de análisis, existe un bajo porcentaje de variabilidad de la velocidad de deformación explicada por la disminución del nivel del agua subterránea (R2 = 0,16). Además, se observa un alto porcentaje de variabilidad de la velocidad de deformación explicada por la presencia de arcillas en base a datos de 21 pozos (R2 = 0,79). Una conclusión general es que existe un claro control litológico en la distribución espacial del hundimiento del suelo; todas las áreas de hundimiento detectadas se ubican donde se identificó un mayor contenido de arcilla, siendo esta variable más relevante que la propia explotación de las aguas subterráneas.
Conformación de una Ruta Paisajística en la Carretera J60 : cambio del carácter en la infraestructura vial, entre las localidades de Licantén y Lipimavida, región del Maule
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Arquitectura, Espinoza Quintero María Fernanda
Published: March 2023

La presente tesis aborda la puesta en valor de la principal infraestructura de movilidad y transporte, o bien, las carreteras, piezas olvidadas dentro de la arquitectura, hoy en día obviadas como elementos de conexión veloz y corredores de paso entre múltiples destinos, ocupadas de manera tan habitual que se ignora tanto el recorrido realizado, como el paisaje que va transcurriendo afuera del auto. Sin embargo, no solo poseen el rol de trasladarnos, cada carretera permite la posibilidad de integrarse a un paisaje incorporando dinámicas sociales, culturales y paisajísticas, que otorgan un nuevo espacio arquitectónico lineal de carácter público. Es así, como tras la observación de la discontinuidad existente entre en la red vial costera y la continuidad de la autopista Panamericana en la zona central, nos situamos en la carretera J60 en la costa de la región del Maule, la cual, toma un rol diferente en su lectura y posibilidades, dada su condición actual de desarticulación vial y concepción productiva de inserción al territorio. La investigación abordará este fragmento dentro de las carreteras de la zona central de Chile, realizando una lectura a través del levantamiento del lugar, la comprensión de su carácter vial actual, su historia de conformación y, su rol productivo para la zona en función de la explotación y antropización costera. Por último, el documento visibiliza como este trayecto puede convertirse en una ruta paisajística, reconectando la calzada con su contexto inmediato y valorizando el paisaje natural de la zona, permitiendo así una nueva experiencia en el andar mediante.
Impacto de la construcción de condominios sociales en altura en los precios y la cantidad de transacciones de las viviendas ubicadas en zonas aledañas
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Economía, Abogabir C. Santiago
Published: March 2023

En este trabajo se investiga el impacto de la instalación de condominios sociales en altura en los precios y la cantidad de transacciones mensuales de las viviendas ubicadas en zonas aledañas, entre los años 2007 y 2015 usando el permiso de edificación y el certificado de recepción como fuente de variación exógena. Dado que las zonas donde se instalan este tipo de viviendas suelen ser diferentes al resto de la ciudad, explotaremos la heterogeneidad de fechas de tratamiento usando un método generalizado de diferencias en diferencias conocido como estudios de eventos. Los resultados muestran de manera transversal que no existe un cambio en precios, mientras que sí hay una leve y transitoria caída en la cantidad de transacciones mensuales tras el permiso de edificación, que es más pronunciada en zonas con mayores precios y mayor calidad de las construcciones.
OPTYMALIZACJA WARUNKÓW PRZECINANIA LASEROWEGO POLIPROPYLENU I POLIPROPYLENU Z DODATKIEM TALKU
Authors: CIENKA Agnieszka Edyta , CIECIŃSKA Barbara
Published: March 2023

Przecinanie laserem materiałów wymaga wykonania prób obróbki i wyboru najkorzystniejszego wariantu z punktu widzenia przyjętych kryteriów oceny jakości procesu. W pracy przedstawiono przykład procesu przygotowawczego, z którego wynika, że przecinanie polipropylenu i polipropylenu z talkiem o grubości 5 mm nie jest łatwą obróbką. Wykorzystano laser CO2 i różnicując wykorzystaną moc lasera oraz prędkość przesuwu wiązki względem materiału uzyskano przecięcia materiału o zróżnicowanej jakości. Zaproponowano także kryteria wyboru najlepszego wariantu obróbki. Stwierdzono, że dodatek talku do polipropylenu może być czynnikiem ułatwiającym wykonanie cięcia laserem tego tworzywa.
Analysis of Resident and Attending Physician End-of-Rotation Changeover Days and Association With Patient Length of Stay
Authors: Manzoor Fizza , Sundrelingam Vaakesan , Roberts Surain B. , Fralick Michael , Kwan Janice L. , Tang Terence , Weinerman Adina S. , Rawal Shail , Liu Jessica J. , Redelmeier Donald A. , Verma Amol A. , Razak Fahad , Lapointe-Shaw Lauren
Published: March 2023

Importance

End-of-rotation resident physician changeover is a key part of postgraduate training but could lead to discontinuity in patient care.

Objective

To test whether patients exposed to end-of-rotation resident changeover have longer hospital stays and whether this association is mitigated by separating resident and attending changeover days.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort analysis included adult patients admitted to general internal medicine. The changeover day was the same day (first Monday of month) for both resident and attending physicians until June 30, 2013 (preseparation period), and then intentionally staggered by 1 or more days after July 1, 2013 (postseparation period). This was a multicenter analysis at 4 teaching hospitals in Ontario, Canada, from July 1, 2010, to June 30, 2019. Data analysis was conducted from July 2022 to January 2023.

Exposures

Patients were classified as changeover patients if the first Monday was a resident changeover day and as control patients if the first Monday was not a resident changeover day.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes were transfer to critical care, in-hospital death, and rate of discharge per 100 patients on the index day.

Results

Of 95 282 patients. 22 773 (24%; mean [SD] age, 67.8 [18.8] years; 11 156 [49%] female patients) were exposed to resident changeover, and 72 509 (76%; mean [SD] age, 67.8 [18.7] years; 35 293 [49%] female patients) were not exposed to resident changeover. Exposure to resident changeover day was associated with a slightly longer hospital stay compared with control days (0.20 [95% CI, 0.09-0.30] days; P < .001) and decreased relative risk of patient discharge on the index day (relative risk, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-1.00; P = .047). These associations were similar in the preseparation and postseparation periods. Resident changeover was not associated with an increased risk of transfer to critical care or in-hospital death.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, a small positive association between exposure to resident physician changeover and length of hospital stay as well as reduced rate of discharge was found. These findings suggest that separating changeover days for resident and attending physicians may not significantly change these associations.
Subcutaneous vs Intravenous Administration of Medications and Fluids for Patients With Cancer in the US and Canada
Authors: Tang Michael , Abdelaal Mohamed , Lau Jenny , Ruiz Buenrostro Alejandra , Chen Minxing , Zimmermann Camilla , Bruera Eduardo
Published: March 2023

This cross-sectional study compares rates of subcutaneous and intravenous administration of medications and fluids among patients with cancer in 2 acute palliative care units in the US and Canada.
Development of a dynamic motion platform with two independent drive systems for radiotherapy
Authors: Saito Masahide , Kawakami Hideyuki , Suzuki Toshihiro , Suzuki Hidekazu , Ueda Koji , Nemoto Hikaru , Sano Naoki , Onishi Hiroshi
Published: March 2023

Background

There are some motion platforms for radiotherapy quality assurance. However, no platform with two drive systems that can move along three axes is available.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop a dynamic motion platform with two drive systems capable of three‐axis motion and to evaluate its motion performance.

Methods

The developed moving platform had two drive systems that use the same equipment. Each axis of the platform used can support a maximum load of 10 kg. The motors for moving the platform in each direction are capable of a drive stroke up to 40 mm. The drive speed is 30 mm/s at maximum load fluctuation. To evaluate the static positional accuracy of this system with an arbitrary input movement, the XYZ position of each axis was measured using a coordinate measuring machine operating from 0 to 40 mm at 10 mm intervals. In addition, the accuracy of dynamic motion was verified with Sine waveform inputs of different patterns to the three axes for approximately 60 s, and they were compared with the resulting detected signals by SyncTrax.

Results

The two drive systems were successfully operated on three axes by using independent control systems. For static position, the accuracies were within 0.2 mm, 0.05 mm, and 0.14 mm for lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions, respectively. For dynamic motion, the mean absolute errors in the X, Y, and Z axes between the platform inputs and SyncTrax detected signals were 0.14 ± 0.10 mm, 0.16 ± 0.12 mm, and 0.16 ± 0.11 mm, respectively.

Conclusions

A new dynamic platform for radiation therapy with two drive systems capable of three‐axis motion was developed, and the positional accuracy of the drive axes was confirmed to be less than 0.2 mm.
Mn3O4 Nanoparticles Alleviate ROS‐Inhibited Root Apex Mitosis Activities to Improve Maize Drought Tolerance
Authors: Sun Guilan , Dong Zihao , Li Guangjing , Yuan Hezhen , Liu Jiahao , Yao Xue , Gu Jiangjiang , Wu Honghong , Li Zhaohu
Published: March 2023

Poly (acrylic) acid coated Mn3O4 nanoparticles (PAA@Mn3O4 nanoparticles (PMO, 11.02 nm, −28.93 mV)) are synthesized to investigate whether they can help to improve maize drought tolerance and the relevant mechanisms behind this. In planta experimental results show that under drought (15% PEG 6000, polyethylene glycol, mimicking drought stress, 96 h), compared with the control plants, 500 mg L−1 PMO (root application, 96 h) improves maize drought tolerance, showing an increase of root length (21.6%), shoot length (21.2%), fresh weight (7.8%) and total protein (67.2%) content. In addition, PMO significantly decreases the malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 74.7% in maize under drought, compared with the control group. Further, PMO treated maize root apex shows significantly increased mitotic index (MI, 35.5%), and decreased hydrogen peroxide (40.9%). Compared with the control under drought (15% PEG, 96 h), thr root apex of maize plants treated with PMO (500 mg L−1, root application, 96 h) have significantly lower level of H2O2. Overall, the results show that PMO can alleviate drought‐inhibited cell mitosis activities via maintaining ROS (reactive oxygen species) homeostasis. In this study, it is not only shown that PMO can be a good nano‐regulator candidate to improve maize drought tolerance, but also that PMO has potential to modulate plant cell mitosis activities.
Ion Exchange Induced Efficient N‐Type Thermoelectrics in Solid‐State
Authors: Zhou Ying , Yao Canglang , Lin Xiangxin , Oh Jiyeon , Tian Jinjin , Yang Wenze , He Yongjie , Ma Yunhui , Yang Ke , Ai Bin , Sun Kuan , Fu Zhengping , Lu Yalin , Li Feng , Yang Changduk , Chen Shanshan
Published: March 2023

High‐performance n‐type solid‐state ionic thermoelectrics (SS i‐TEs) for low‐grade heat harvesting are highly desired and challenging. Here, the design and synthesis of an efficient n‐type mixed conductor via ion pair modulation is demonstrated, which consists of biguanide hydrochloride (MfmCl) and a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) polymeric complex in a solid film. Theoretical calculations and nano/microstructure characterization reveal that the binding preference of ion pairs offers energetically favorable ion exchange in the matrix, which induces not only tightly bound Mfm PSS species but also favorable anion diffusion channels. Consequently, an enhanced ionic conductivity of 1.40 S m−1 with a record highest negative thermopower of −46.97 mV K−1 is achieved for the n‐type mixed conductor thus far.
Multimode‐Responsive Luminescence Smart Platform by Single‐Sm3+‐Doped Phosphors
Authors: Du Jiaren , Lyu Shaoxing , Wang Panqin , Wang Tengyue , Lin Hengwei
Published: March 2023

Multimode‐responsive luminescence materials play pivotal roles both in understanding the fundamental photophysical processes and fabricating smart devices. To obtain inorganic phosphor‐based multi‐responsive materials, however, triple or even quadruple doping ions or a series of hosts with different compositions are frequently used. In this work, a single‐rare‐earth‐doped phosphor, Sr2YGaO5:Sm3+, with multi‐responsive luminescence is first reported. This single‐Sm3+‐doped phosphor exhibits unique excitation‐wavelength, ultraviolet/X‐ray charging, and thermal stimulated luminescence‐color‐changeable features. Further studies confirm that the multimode‐responsive luminescence of Sr2YGaO5:Sm3+ is attributed to superior optical integration of the host (Sr2YGaO5) and dopant (Sm3+) emissions under specific stimulation conditions. Importantly, this study provides a novel concept for designing inorganic phosphor‐based multifunctional optical materials, which would be conducive to the development of smart platforms.
Wide‐Bandgap Rare‐Earth Iodate Single Crystals for Superior X‐Ray Detection and Imaging
Authors: Xu Xieming , Wang Fang , Xu Weiwei , Lu Hao , Lv Lingfei , Sha Hongyuan , Jiang Xiaoming , Wu Shaofan , Wang Shuaihua
Published: March 2023

Semiconductor‐based X‐ray detectors with low detectable thresholds become critical in medical radiography applications. However, their performance is generally limited by intrinsic defects or unresolved issues of materials, and developing a novel scintillation semiconductor for low‐dose X‐ray detection is a highly urgent objective. Herein, a high‐quality rare‐earth iodate Tm(IO3)3 single crystal grown through low‐cost solution processing is reported with a wide bandgap of 4.1 eV and a large atomic number of 53.2. The roles of IO and TmO groups for charge transport in the Tm(IO3)3 are revealed with the structural difference between the [101] and crystal orientations. Based on anisotropic responses of material properties and detection performances, it is found that the [] orientation, the path with fewer IO groups, achieves a high resistivity of 1.02 × 1011 Ω cm. Consequently, a single‐crystal detector exhibits a low dark current and small baseline drifting due to the wide bandgap, high resistivity and less ion migration of Tm(IO3)3, resulting in a low detection limit of 85.2 nGyair s−1. An excellent X‐ray imaging performance with a high sensitivity of 4406.6 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 is also shown in the Tm(IO3)3 device. These findings provide a new material design perspective for high‐performance X‐ray imaging applications.
Polydopamine Nanoparticles Targeting Ferroptosis Mitigate Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Via Reactive Oxygen Species Depletion, Iron Ions Chelation, and GPX4 Ubiquitination Suppression
Authors: Yang Xiao , Chen Yan , Guo Jiadong , Li Jiaxin , Zhang Pu , Yang Huan , Rong Kewei , Zhou Tangjun , Fu Jingke , Zhao Jie
Published: March 2023

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD)‐induced lower back pain (LBP) is a common problem worldwide. The underlying mechanism is partially accredited to ferroptosis, based on sequencing analyses of IVDD patients from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) databases. In this study, it is shown that polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) inhibit oxidative stress‐induced ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in vitro. PDA NPs scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), chelate Fe2+ to mitigate iron overload, and regulate the expression of iron storage proteins such as ferritin heavy chain (FHC), ferritin, and transferrin receptor (TFR). More importantly, PDA NPs co‐localize with glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) around the mitochondria and suppress ubiquitin‐mediated degradation, which in turn exerts a protective function via the transformation and clearance of phospholipid hydroperoxides. PDA NPs further down‐regulate malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxide (LPO) production; thus, antagonizing ferroptosis in NP cells. Moreover, PDA NPs effectively rescue puncture‐induced degeneration in vivo by targeting ferroptosis and inhibiting GPX4 ubiquitination, resulting in the upregulation of antioxidant pathways. The findings offer a new tool to explore the underlying mechanisms and a novel treatment strategy for IVDD‐induced LBP.
Ferroelectric Orthorhombic ZrO2 Thin Films Achieved Through Nanosecond Laser Annealing
Authors: Crema Anna P. S. , Istrate Marian C. , Silva Alexandre , Lenzi Veniero , Domingues Leonardo , Hill Megan O. , Teodorescu Valentin S. , Ghica Corneliu , Gomes Maria J. M. , Pereira Mario , Marques Luís , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L. , Silva José P. B.
Published: March 2023

A new approach for the stabilization of the ferroelectric orthorhombic ZrO2 films is demonstrated through nanosecond laser annealing (NLA) of as‐deposited Si/SiOx/W(14 nm)/ZrO2(8 nm)/W(22 nm), grown by ion beam sputtering at low temperatures. The NLA process optimization is guided by COMSOL multiphysics simulations. The films annealed under the optimized conditions reveal the presence of the orthorhombic phase, as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Macroscopic polarization‐electric field hysteresis loops show ferroelectric behavior, with saturation polarization of 12.8 µC cm−2, remnant polarization of 12.7 µC cm−2 and coercive field of 1.2 MV cm−1. The films exhibit a wake‐up effect that is attributed to the migration of point defects, such as oxygen vacancies, and/or a transition from nonferroelectric (monoclinic and tetragonal phase) to the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase. The capacitors demonstrate a stable polarization with an endurance of 6.0 × 105 cycles, demonstrating the potential of the NLA process for the fabrication of ferroelectric memory devices with high polarization, low coercive field, and high cycling stability.
Intelligent Systems for Muscle Tracking: A Review on Sensor‐Algorithm Synergy
Authors: Putcha Arjun , Nguyen Tien , Smith Regina , Choffin Rachel , Bai Wubin
Published: March 2023

Advanced technologies for muscle tracking provide easy access to identify and track muscle activity, often for the purposes of therapeutic interventions. The necessity of muscle trackers arises from the acute and chronic sources that disrupt neuromuscular control, resulting in an impaired ability to perform daily activities without assistance. In the context of human–machine interfaces, muscle trackers can serve as the “sensory” component, providing real‐time information to machines, such as exoskeletons and prosthetics, that can act upon such information for therapeutic and functional aid. Recently developed devices for muscle tracking rely on combinations of sensor modalities and algorithms to extract information from biosignals track muscle activity, or even extrapolate kinematic information, including gestures. However, a number of obstacles remain to be overcome to further facilitate the practical implementation of muscle‐tracking technologies, the most notable being real‐time analysis of biosignal data and extracting kinematic information from complex movements. This review attempts to cover the mechanisms behind various sensor modalities and algorithms commonly used for muscle tracking, as well as establish the current state of applications within the field. Given its multidisciplinary nature and ability to free users from rehabilitation constraints, the field of muscle tracking holds significant promise for future study.
ABL1‐related congenital heart defects and skeletal malformations syndrome in a patient from Sub‐Saharan Africa: A case report highlighting novel cardiac features
Authors: Spencer Careni , Comitis George , Lawrenson John , Fieggen Karen
Published: March 2023

Congenital heart defects and skeletal malformations syndrome (CHDSKM; OMIM #617602) is a rare syndrome characterized by distinctive facial features, congenital cardiac lesions, failure to thrive, and skeletal abnormalities. Hearing impairment, renal, and ophthalmological abnormalities have also recently been reported. We report here the clinical and molecular phenotype of an adolescent male who presented with multisystem involvement suggestive of a connective tissue disorder. The proband presented with the typical dysmorphic, skeletal, and skin findings of CHDSKM. In addition, he had several features not previously documented, including severe and rapidly progressive aortic root dilatation as well gastro‐intestinal reflux secondary to esophageal dysmotility with gastric strictures. Genetic testing revealed a recurrent variant in the ABL1 gene, c.1066G>A, p.Ala356Thr. These novel features contribute to the growing body of knowledge regarding this rare and recently described condition as well as lend strength to previous calls for close surveillance of the aortic root from a young age in CHDSKM.
Influence of coronavirus disease 2019 case surges on prehospital emergency medical service for patients with trauma in Kobe, Japan
Authors: Nishimura Takeshi , Suga Masafumi , Ishihara Satoshi , Nakayama Shinichi , Nakao Atsunori , Naito Hiromichi
Published: March 2023

Aim

In the current era of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the responsiveness of emergency medical service (EMS) transport for patients with internal illness is often delayed. However, the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on prehospital transport for patients with trauma has not yet been fully elucidated. This study aims to examine the effect of COVID‐19 case surges on EMS transport for patients with trauma during the COVID‐19 states of emergency in Kobe, Japan.

Methods

EMS data during the states of emergency were compared with those in the 2019 prepandemic period. The incidence of difficulty securing hospital acceptance (four or more calls to medical institutions and ambulance staying at the scene for 30 min or more) was evaluated as a primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were the time spent at the trauma scene and the number of calls requesting hospital acceptance. The time spent at the trauma scene was stratified by trauma severity.

Results

The incidence of difficulty securing hospital acceptance increased (1.2% versus 3.2%, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the duration of the states of emergency was associated with difficulty securing hospital acceptance (odds ratio [OR] 2.08, 95% confidence interval 1.77–2.45; P < 0.01). Although the mean time spent at the trauma scene among the less severe, moderately severe, and severe trauma groups was prolonged, the time for the life‐threatening group did not change. The number of request calls increased during the states of emergency.

Conclusion

Difficulty securing hospital acceptance increased; however, the time spent at the trauma scene did not significantly change for the life‐threatening group.
Study of the interlayer bonding strength for combined 3D printing and milling of polyetheretherketone
Authors: Zhou Hao , Cheng Xiang , Jiang Xiuli , Zheng Guangming , Zhang Junfeng , Li Yang , Tang Mingze
Published: March 2023

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has good mechanical properties and biocompatibility for a wide range of biomedical applications. The combined 3D printing and milling process (CPMP) is a typical additive/subtractive hybrid manufacturing technique, which facilitates the rapid response for customized PEEK implants. This paper investigates the CPMP process combining fused deposition modeling printing and dry milling for PEEK materials. The results show that the bending and shearing effects of the milling cutter on the 3D‐printed part cause the machined surface to be extremely susceptible to delamination. Poor Z‐direction interlayer bonding strength at the 3D printing stage is the main cause of delamination. Therefore, the effects of 3D printing parameters (nozzle temperature, layer thickness, and bed temperature) on Z‐direction interlayer bonding strength are studied using an orthogonal experiment design method. The applicability of three 3D printing infill patterns (grid, rectilinear, and gyroid) in CPMP is compared. The results of the research show that the storage modulus is a more accurate reflection of the interlayer bonding strength in the Z‐direction than the shear strength. With a combination of parameters of a nozzle temperature of 450°C, a layer thickness of 0.1 mm, a bed temperature of 260°C and a rectilinear infill pattern, the 3D‐printed parts have significantly stronger interlayer bonding strength. Consequently, there exists almost no delamination on the milled surface.
Evaluation of tensile, thermal, and biological properties of natural rubber‐based biocomposite with biosilicate and 45S5‐K bioglass
Authors: Lima Luiz R. M. , Caetano Guilherme F. , Soares Viviane O. , Santos Renivaldo J. , Malmonge José A. , Silva Michael J. , Yarin Alexander L.
Published: March 2023

The objective of this work was to develop new NR‐based biocomposite containing BioS and/or BL0 particles, which exhibit better tensile response, biocompatibility, and bioactivity for biomedical applications. Morphological, tensile, thermal, and biological tests were performed on the biocomposites to evaluate the influence of BioS and BL0 particles on the properties of the NR matrix. According to TG/DTG tests, the decomposition profiles of the NR/BioS and NR/BL0 biocomposites were similar to those of NR, whose main event could be seen in the 290–450°C temperature range, indicative of NR's structural degradation. Tensile analysis demonstrated that the addition of BioS or BL0 to the NR‐based biocomposite improved the elastic modulus and the tensile strength at break (σat break) in comparison to NR. The σat break value of the NR matrix increased from 0.99 ± 0.06 MPa to 1.84 ± 0.09 and 2.29 ± 0.04 MPa for the NR/BioS and NR/BL0 specimens with 30 wt%. Indirect cytotoxicity testing revealed that NR, NR/BL0, and NR/BioS biocomposite specimens promote the attachment of MSCs cell, that is, greater than 70% viability as defined in ISO 10993‐5:2009. The results indicate that BioS and BL0 particles have improved the tensile response and biological properties of the NR matrix, resulting in a range of potential biomedical applications.
Slow‐release of surfactant from a hybrid polymeric hydrogel at high temperature
Authors: Yang Jiang , Zhao Xiaolong , Li Yingcheng , He Xiujuan , Chen Yu , Ma Cheng
Published: March 2023

Surfactants are widely used in enhanced oil and gas recovery. Surfactants are usually injected into wells and reservoirs that are released in full upon the addition, and effectiveness lasts very short. Slow‐release surfactant is preferred to be effective at an extended period. In this study, surfactant was encapsulated into the crosslinked hybrid hydrogel of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly acrylamide‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid (PAMPS). The encapsulated surfactant was slow‐released at high temperatures. Free radical polymerization was used to polymerize acrylamide‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid and crosslink PVA in the presence of surfactant. The hybrid hydrogel complex was characterized by an infrared spectrum, electronic scanning microscope, and thermogravimetric analysis. The release profile of surfactant was studied in synthetic brine at 130°C. The results indicate that hybrid hydrogel encapsulated surfactant is stable and releases surfactant at high temperatures for more than 7 days. The diffusion of surfactant from hydrogel follows the zero‐order kinetic model.
Aufbau, Bemessung und Planung der TWIST‐Carbonbetonschalen
Authors: Zavadski Vitali , Frenzel Michael
Published: March 2023

Das Carbonbetonhaus CUBE wurde ausschließlich mit nichtmetallischer Bewehrung, vor allem aus Carbonfasern gebaut, um deren Potenzial zur Realisierung von schlanken, betonminimierten Bauten zu zeigen. Dieser Aufsatz stellt den Aufbau der markanten, geschwungenen TWIST‐Carbonbetonschalen, die sich von der Vertikalen in die Horizontale drehen, den Lastabtrag am Gebäude und die Grundlagen für die Querschnittsbemessung der Betonelemente und Stahlbauteile der Unterstützungskonstruktion vor. Zudem wird das Vorgehen der Tragwerksplaner bei der Ausführungsplanung einschließlich der eingesetzten Softwareprodukte aufgezeigt.

Hinweis: Im Beitrag wird meist auf ausführliche Quellenangaben und Informationen zu den verwendeten Materialien verzichtet. Diese sind im Beitrag [1] zu finden.