bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis on Energy Loss Characteristic of a Bidirectional Tubular Turbine Based on Entropy Generation Theory
Authors: Chen Guanheng , Feng Jianjun , Ge Zhenguo , Zhu Guojun , Li Yunzhe , Zhao Yaping
Published: February 2021

To obtain the external characteristic parameters and the distribution of hydraulic loss, ANSYS CFX code is used to for numerical simulations of a tidal bidirectional tubular turbine under positive and reverse conditions. The method of entropy generation analysis is used to obtain the energy loss in the unit and its local entropy generation rate. Besides, the influence of the shaft inclination in the guide vane on the tubular turbine is explored. The results show that there is a certain connection between the traditional hydraulic loss analysis and entropy generation analysis. Entropy generation could be adopted for the measurement of hydraulic loss with its distribution. The total entropy production is dominated by the runner under positive optimal condition, while the ones in the runner and the intake are the highest under reverse optimal condition. In addition, the greater the shaft inclination angle of the guide vane, the larger the total entropy production on the blade surface of the runner under the positive condition.
Power Research on Intelligent Controller of Exposed Tea Fixation Machine Based on STM32
Authors: Han Qinghua , Shi Mingdeng , Li Xiao
Published: February 2021

During the processing of the traditional fixation machine, the temperature is difficult to control, which affects the quality of tea frying. In order to solve this problem, Taking STM32 MCU as the control chip to complete the intelligent control of each functional module. All units are uniformly controlled by a microprocessor, and at the same time, intelligent communication equipment can be used to realize remote monitoring, view real-time production status, and control progress. In addition, the original tea farmer’s machinery can be modified on-site to promote production, and the cost of the installation is lower, which is of great significance to the revival of the tea-horse culture on the “New Silk Road”.
Forecast Method of Energy Public Opinion Based on Conditional Random Field
Authors: Wang Yu , Xie Shengzhen , Tang Junri , Sui Ling , Kou Kaiqi , Wang Zhiqiong
Published: February 2021

As the driving force of development in the new century, the energy problem is an important factor restricting economic development, which is related to a country’s economic security and national security. The public’s views or attitudes towards (heat events related to energy issues, such as the State Grid’s repeated public attention during the 2016 electricity reform) significantly affect the government’s monitoring and guidance of the oil crisis. Ordinary research on emotion prediction regards the change of public attitude towards events as a random process, only considering the influence of the attitude tendency held by users in the early stage on the later stage of emotion development, and not considering the influence of external factors on emotion prediction in the actual situation. This paper proposes a public opinion emotion prediction method based on conditional random fields. Taking the transition probability between external factors as the characteristic transition matrix of the conditional random field, considering the influence of external factors on the development of events, and combining with bidirectional LSTM, the BILSTM-CRF model in this paper is proposed. Experiments show that the emotion prediction method based on conditional random fields can predict the emotion state more accurately, which verifies the superiority of the emotion prediction method based on conditional random fields.
Analysis of a reinforced concrete dome
Authors: Czumaj P , Dudziak S , Kacprzyk Z
Published: February 2021

FEM models of axi-symmetrical reinforced concrete dome with two rings have been analysed. Different complexity level of computational models (2D and 3D), geometry simplifications and FEM codes (Abaqus, FEAS, ARSAP) have been compared. Assessment of building structure deflections has been performed with several approaches, which gave opportunity to confront them and estimate mistakes of most commonly used models.
Hybrid cross-tie system with passive dampers study
Authors: Pustovalova M , Konovalov A , Selivanov Y
Published: February 2021

The authors have investigated the use of passive vibration dampers through the implementation of concentrated masses in the hybrid cross-tie system of a cable-stayed bridge. A 3D model of a cable-stayed bridge was built in ANSYS suite. The authors have studied the stress-strain behavior and dynamic characteristics of the model under the gravity load. The study has shown that the most effective model appears to be the one with passive dampers implemented by means of six concentrated masses. The increased stiffness of links of the concentrated masses had stronger effect on the model with passive dampers implemented by means of ten concentrated masses, however the model where passive dampers were implemented by six concentrated masses displayed comparable values of natural vibration frequencies with deflections in the spans being 3% lower, displacements of the towers being 8% lower, and longitudinal forces in the main cable being 6% lower. The results obtained by the authors allow for the conclusion that all models of a hybrid cross-tie system with passive dampers reviewed have high aerodynamic stability.
Derivation of statistical parameters for flexure and shear resistance of reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Abdullah Z , Lutomirska M
Published: February 2021

The objective of this paper is a study on factors influencing the derivation of statistical parameters of flexural resistance and shear resistance for reinforced concrete beams. A variety of RC beams under bending and shear forces are designed and analyzed, taking into consideration different cross-sectional sizes, compressive concrete strengths, reinforcement ratios, and statistical distributions. The latest version of the American Building Code ACI-318-19 and ASCE/SEI 7-16 are used. The coefficient of variation (V) and bias factor (λ) for the selected models of reinforced concrete beams in flexure and shear are determined using the Monte Carlo simulation technique.
On the need to take into account the effect of wind on the frame of thin-walled steel structures during installation
Authors: Soloviev A V , Solovieva O N
Published: February 2021

Recently, the construction of buildings and structures using elements of light steel thin-walled structures has been increasing in Russia. The use of lightweight galvanized profiles provides a number of advantages in the manufacture, transportation and installation of frames. In the practice of designing structures of this type, the calculation of frames, as a rule, is carried out for the loads acting on the structure during its operation. In many cases, analysis of possible wind effects on frames during installation is not performed. This article examines the effect of wind on the frame of a 120-meter-long single-span building made of light steel thin-walled structures. Such structures, having a low mass, under certain parameters, can experience dynamic vibrations caused by the effect of wind. Most of the aeroelastic processes are self-oscillating in nature, occurring during energy exchange between the flow and the streamlined body. The main phenomena of aeroelasticity are flutter (stall flutter) buffing. If we consider the issues of aeroelasticity from the point of view of the effect on the structure, then such concepts as vortex excitation, galloping across the air flow, divergence and parametric resonance should be considered. If, during the design process, the analysis of possible wind effects on the frame is not carried out and measures are not taken to reduce the negative effect of wind, this can lead to deformation of the frame elements or their destruction.
Numerical verification of the saw-cut method
Authors: Kraľovanec J , Moravčík M
Published: February 2021

In Slovakia and other countries, a contemporary challenge for engineers and academics is an assessment of the state of existing prestressed concrete structures. The main components of assessment include regular inspections, maintenance, and diagnostics. For defining the load-carrying capacity and remaining service life, more reliable results of diagnostics are required. A need for detailed knowledge of the actual value of prestressing force is becoming a crucial aspect of civil engineering. There are many prestressed concrete structures built in the previous century which are about reaching their limit of service life. These structures are about sixty years old and many of them are exhibiting signs of deterioration due to the design and construction deficiencies, such as overloaded vehicles, environmental distress, and inadequate maintenance. In this paper, dozen concrete specimens are numerically analysed using the indirect non-destructive Saw-cut method. Ten of them are loaded by different level of compressive force which initiates compressive stress from 2.0 MPa to 12.0 MPa. Performed numerical analysis is an important basis for the experiment. The influence of temperature change caused by sawing will be later experimentally investigated on the remaining two concrete specimens. For numerical analysis, a 2D finite element model with the assumption of nonlinear material behaviour is performed. Subsequently, the correlation between the distance and depth of the saw-cuts, and amount of released strain or stress, as a result of numerical analysis, is outlined. Finally, the outputs obtained from numerical analysis are discussed and recommendations for the experiment are summarized.
Geometric and physio-mechanical characteristics of the contact layer area of multilayer reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Korol E A , Dinh Tho Vu
Published: February 2021

In the practice of modern construction, multi-layer building envelopes made of concrete of various physio-mechanical characteristics has been wide applied. During successive layer-by-layer laying of various concretes, contact layers are formed between them, and their physical and mechanical characteristics are different from the adjacent layers. Technological and time factors for the manufacture of this structure affect the formation, physical and mechanical characteristics of the contact layer between the inner and outer structural layers, and effecting to the working of the multi-layer structure. In this article, the geometric and physio-mechanical characteristics of the contact layer zone of multi-layer reinforced concrete structures are researched. The main content of study was conducted on samples of three-layer structural blocks with using strong structural concrete B25 in the external layers, and low-strength concrete in the middle layer. The geometric and physio-mechanical characteristics of the contact layers were researched by the experimental method. Based on the results of experiments, the geometric and physio-mechanical characteristics of the contact layer of multilayer reinforced concrete structures are shown, taking into account the influence of technological and time factors for the manufacture of this structure. Moreover, the results of the study allow us to determine rational parameters in design of multilayer envelopes with reinforced concrete layers of various strengths, interconnected by a monolithic contact layer. According to the results, modification and calculation method for multilayer reinforced concrete building envelopes has been evaluated and applied into the production process of these constructions.
Experience in forecasting long-term settlements of energy facilities based on monitoring data analysis
Authors: Ter-Martirosyan A Z , Sidorov V V
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the problem of predicting the long-term settlement of reactor compartments of nuclear power plant with a long history of operation and ongoing creep processes. The features of determining the time of the primary consolidation and the application of the parameters of the secondary consolidation are considered. With regard to the existing buildings of the reactor compartments of a nuclear power plant, a forecast of long-term deformations of the base was made, from the present time to 2062, which is the end of the operation period. The analysis and comparison of the obtained results with the data of geotechnical monitoring were also carried out. Analytical forecasting showed a high accuracy in determining the end time of filtration consolidation, however, a comparison of the values of the obtained creep settlements to date and the rate of their development shows significant differences, which makes it necessary to take into account the real picture of deformation for further forecasting in terms of operation time. Possible technological reasons for discrepancies in the results of calculations and geotechnical monitoring are analyzed, as well as theoretical reasons like imperfections of the analytical method used and the possible application of modern numerical methods.
Investigation of the diaphragm wall isolation of vibrations’ transferred through the subsoil
Authors: Wyjadłowski M , Grosel J , Tyulyaeva Y
Published: February 2021

Diaphragm walls are deep extended walls through granular or cohesive soils in shallow water table areas. This paper focus problems involved in excavating diaphragm walls including dynamic impact on the environment. Construction of diaphragm wall involves extracting a soil trench while simultaneously keeping heavy viscous slurry (bentonite) filling the excavation to provide lateral pressure that must be at least equal or greater than lateral soil pressure. Extraction of soil with machinery causes vibrations to be transmitted to the adjacent buildings. The research presented in the paper is also to assess the effectiveness of the concrete diaphragm wall in damping vibrations transmitted to the surrounding buildings. The first execution phase of the technology when a vertical finite-length trench element is excavated under a hydrostatic support from inside of a bentonite slurry is under consideration.
Claydite dust - a unique technogenic raw material for heat-resistant concretes production
Authors: Khlystov A , Isaev D , Suldin V
Published: February 2021

The article presents various methods of heat-resistant materials synthesis on the basis of aluminosilicate wastes of expanded clay production. Researches have shown that the application of physical and chemical methods in the course of studying of expanded claydite dust composition, structure and properties makes it possible to define the reason of physical and thermal parameters increase of the heat-resistant binders prepared in its composition. The article investigates the influence of refractory mineral waste of petrochemistry - aluminochromium spent catalyst IM-2201 on the processes of increasing the strength and performance indicators of binders based on expanded clay dust. The possibility of the fire resistance increase of mixed binders synthesized on the basis of expanded claydite dust and aluminochromium waste has been established. Application of phosphate and liquid glass binders in the processes of heat-resistant binders synthesis on the basis of expanded claydite dust allowed to increase their performance.
Developing physical and mathematical models of the water-air mode of gravity drainage network
Authors: Orlov V , Zotkin S
Published: February 2021

A physical and mathematical model of the water-air mode of free-flow drainage pipelines has been developed. The solution to the problem of physical modelling of pipeline network functioning is based on the study of the dynamics of changes in the hydraulic and aerodynamic parameters of the system, taking into account the phenomena of heat and mass transfer between liquid and air in the vaulted space of a free-flow pipeline. An algorithm for solving the problem is compiled on the basis of the criteria of hydrodynamic similarity, describing the phenomena of mass transfer as a result of forced air convection by using a mechanical ventilation system above the water surface. Based on the results of applying a special computer-aided calculation program, indicators of the required air exchange rate for effective removal of evaporation (steam) from the vaulted space of a pipeline were determined. As a result of solving the complex problem of studying the water-air mode of free-flow pipeline functioning, the authors compared and analysed the calculated values of the intensity of air exchange produced to remove steam, and to reduce harmful foul-smelling gaseous substances to reach the values of maximum permissible concentrations. The research results are aimed at preventing emissions of gases harmful to human health into the atmospheric air by constructive methods.
Development of an algorithm for implementation of operation control automation systems using BIM technologies for a capital construction facility
Authors: Didkovskaya O V , Guzhova O A , Hairullin M F K
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of implementing BIM technologies for the operation of capital construction facilities. The research is relevant due to the problems that arose when transiting from traditional approaches to operation control of capital construction facilities to operation control based on the use of BIM technologies. The result of the research is the developed algorithm for implementing automation systems for operation control using BIM technologies. The implementation of the algorithm allows improving significantly the current operation systems of capital construction facilities. The algorithm distinguishes clearly the stages in their logical sequence, result, duration of each stage and the amount of costs.
Synthesis of air-curing phosphate binders and heat-resistant composites based on them
Authors: Khlystov A I , Shirokov V A
Published: February 2021

The article discusses methods for synthesizing phosphate binders hardening in air at normal temperature. Mixed binders are offered to obtain heat-resistant composites. They have the ability to acquire stripping strength in air conditions. It is concluded that the proposed binders should be synthesized from powdered industrial waste or from pure oxides, providing a reasonable ratio of their activity degree.
Justification of the possibility of laying cable communication lines at the side of roads
Authors: Rodionov M V , Dormidontova T V , Lavrov S E
Published: February 2021

One of the ways to improve road safety is to equip motor roads with automated traffic control systems. Such systems allow recording violations of traffic rules, responding to emergencies on the roads, providing automation of fare collection systems and driver information services, etc. To ensure the operation of automated traffic control systems, it is necessary to construct long cable communication lines. The best place for laying them can be the side of the road, however, at present in Russia there is not enough experience in construction that confirms the safety of such a solution. The authors present the results of research devoted to assessing the feasibility and safety of laying cable communication lines at the side of roads using micro-trenches.
Requirements and practice from measuring the deformation resistance of the formation of the railway subgrade of the Slovak railways modernized line Plevník-Drienové-Bytča-Žilina
Authors: Mečár M , Pultznerová A
Published: February 2021

Deformation resistance of the formation of the subgrade is the main indicator of the quality of the designed structural layers of the subgrade formation. Deformation resistance is determined in Slovak Railways (ŽSR) by a static plate load test and is expressed by the modulus of deformation Es
. The static load test not only verifies the correctness of the design of the type of structural layers of the body of the railway subgrade, but it is also an indicator of the quality of the performed construction works. On modernized ŽSR lines, is designed for subgrade type No. 3 and in the most unfavorable geotechnical conditions also the type of structural layers of the formation of the railway subgrade No. 6. The required value of deformation resistance at the level of the formation of the subgrade is designed with regard to the speed zone of the railway line. ŽSR corridor lines are designed for speeds up to 160 km/h, so they belong to the RP4 speed zone. Such lines also include a section of the ŽSR modernized Plevník-Drienové-Bytča-Žilina line.
Sustainability obstacles of free bike-sharing model
Authors: Kocianova A , Slebodnik L
Published: February 2021

Cycling is one of the options for sustainable urban mobility. Although this transport mode is not so widely used in Slovak cities, the bike-sharing project in Žilina with 80 thousand inhabitants has been remarkably successful. The system comprises of 120 shared bikes and 20 bike stations located mainly in the city core and wider centre to cover important transport destinations. During the first-year usage, a great interest of citizens has been recorded also thanks to the one-hour-free-of-charge service. That leads to an average rental number of 35 thousand bicycles per month (with a maximum of 47 thousand) and a high usage rate of the system (on average, 9.5 rides per bike per day). A more detailed analysis, including the Covid-19 pandemic’s impact on reducing bicycle rental, is presented in the article. In addition to the positive experience with the bike-sharing system, the disadvantages of the one-hour-free service model are discussed. In addition to the reduced service availability for citizens with real transport needs or higher users’ disrespect to the system, the technical operation costs are about 40 % higher due to an excessive wear system, poorer technical condition, and shorter lifespan of bicycles, or increase in a certain form of vandalism due to the bicycle joyriding. Ultimately, the overall loss is much higher because of no income, which threatens the sustainability of this system.
Influence of nano fly ash on wear behavior of friction stir weld joints of Al6063/nano fly ash composites
Authors: Gosangi Narasa Raju , Dumpala Lingaraju
Published: February 2021

The manufacturing industries attracted aluminium metal matrix composites (AMCs) to utilize in the modern spectrum of applications. Inexpensive particulate reinforced composites are exhibiting superior qualities at reduced costs. Fly ash is an industrial waste that can be adopted as reinforcement, particularly for aluminium matrix materials. Friction stir welding (FSW) is best suitable to weld aluminum-based materials. In this work, the Al6063/nano fly ash composites with 0, 1, 2, and 3% wt. of nano fly ash were fabricated through ultrasonic-assisted stir casting. Consequently, FSW joints were obtained for the fabricated composites by considering rotational tool speed and transverse tool speed as welding parameters. Wear analysis carried on weld beads of composites through the pin on disc equipment. The nano fly ash addition in the composites results in increased wear resistance in the FSW joints. Higher wear resistance was achieved with increased reinforcement inclusion. Increased tool feed rate also enhances the wear resistance of FSW joints. It can be concluded that the nano fly ash particles are the most influential in improving the mechanical properties of the AMC weld beads, and FSW is the better option to weld aluminum composites.
Implementation of Industrial Engineering concepts in Apparel Industry to improving Productivity and it’s cost reduction
Authors: Mekala N , Sanju S D , Thamaraiselvan V , Kavya M
Published: February 2021

In current scenario the fashion industry (industry 4.O) needs to satisfy the various needs of customer in the aspect of quantity as well as quality of the products. In traditional methods the apparel industry used basic sewing machines for all operations with the help of man power so on that time to introduce different styles in the apparel is very difficult. In recent days the automation as well as improved techniques known as industrial engineering concepts is applicable in the field to improve productivity as well as quality to overcome the competitive market. Manufacturing of garment involves number of operations in different departments. In apparel sector to improve productivity as well as quality one must concentrate on machine, method, material and man. So the industrial engineering concepts will cover and manage the all above said factors and help to improve the productivity as well as quality of the products that will satisfies the consumer needs. This paper is going to discuss about the existing (manufacturing) methods in apparel units and help them to improve productivity by applying the one of recent techniques such as Capacity Study, Work study, Time study, Operator Performance, Follow-ups, Work-in-Progress and line balancing and they are already proven techniques to improve the productivity in different industries.
Fabrication of Paddy Transplanter Machine
Authors: Rajamanickam Arun Kumar , Uvaraja V C , Selvamuthukumaran D , Surya K
Published: February 2021

Wheat and Paddy are the new focuses in farming where still, relatively few scientists and makers take an interest. This field faces a few issues, for example, how to boost the benefit, how to build efficiency and how to diminish the expense. In India, two sorts of horticultural gear are utilized, manual strategy (ordinary technique) and motorized sort. Automation includes the utilization of a gadget between the work and power source. Transplantation is the on the extensive labor processes in agriculture, where in cultivation field the workers need to work in stooping position which creates the physical ailments to labors. In this work, to eliminate the difficulties in rice cultivation design of semi-automatic rice transplanting machine by cost effective method was discussed. This machine helps the farmer to improve the productivity and efficiency. Machine was designed and fabricated by using the available materials. Compare to the commercial machines the project has more economic. Investigation of the machine performance indicate that it significantly reduces the effort of labors and translation time.
Experimental investigation on characterization of microwave welded Al6061-Gr-SiC hybrid metal matrix composites
Authors: Kandagal Zaheerabbas B , Akkimardi V G , Sonnad A N
Published: February 2021

In the present work, experimental microwave welding of Al6061-6%Gr-SiC hybrid metal matrix composites (MMC) in bulk form has been carried out. The principle of microwave hybrid heating was applied with domestic microwave having the frequency of 2.45GHz and 900W power. The interface powder Al6061 and susceptor as charcoal powder were used for the welding process. The stir casting process was used to prepare Al6061-6%Gr-SiC hybrid MMCs by varying SiC content by 3%, 6% and 9% and keeping 6% graphite constant by wt%. The composite weld joints were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and mechanically through tensile test, Rockwell hardness test and impact test. The microstructure study showed the good metallurgical bonding between the interface and base composites without any visible cracks. The SEM-EDS study revealed the formation of various carbides and inter metallics at the weld interface. The average ultimate tensile strength of the joint was found to be 135MPa with 4.3% elongation. The average Rockwell hardness at the weld joint observed was 61.5HRB. The average impact strength of welded composite was 1.62J/mm2.
Synthesis and characterization of yttrium nitrate hexahydrate
Authors: Madhusudhana R , Lovesome Benedict S , Krishnamurthy L. , Gopalakrishne Urs R , Vinaykumar L
Published: February 2021

Nanostructured coatings are extensively employed in aerospace applications as they unveil unique and excellent properties because of their nano-sized structural behavior. This article focusses on the study of preparation of yttrium (III) nitrate hexahydrate-based nano-sized structural coating obtained by sol-gel method and the analysis of their properties. The properties that are suitable for aerospace applications such as thermal stability, oxidation resistance ability, heat resistant nature, phase stability were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) characterization techniques.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling and Experimental Study on Pressure drop through Vertical Packed Clay Composite Pellets
Authors: Hiremath C R , Goggal P V , Hiremath SV , Hiremath Punit
Published: February 2021

The importance of computational fluid dynamics in the field of packed bed medium is acceptable due to the high-end processor power availability. The studies of the literature have presented the feasibility of CFD as an advanced practical tool for estimating the pressure drop through the packed porous medium. In this work a CFD model was evolved to simulate the pressure drop through vertical clay pellets packed bed by using CFX analysis. Experiments are conducted to measure the pressure drop across vertical static clay composite pellets bed. The maximum deviation between CFD analysis and experimental results for pressure drop through 500 mm bed height is 13%.
Effect of Mean Stress on Fatigue Behavior of Glass Fiber-Reinforced with Epoxy Composites
Authors: Hemanth Kumar C , Swamy R. P.
Published: February 2021

In this study, fatigue tests have been conducted on the glass fiber reinforced with epoxy (GFRE) composites under completely reversed loading. Test specimens were prepared for fiber orientation of [±45°]2. Further, experimental fatigue data obtained from the S-N curve at stress ratio, R = -1 are analyzed using the Goodman approach for different mean stress levels. It was noted that stress ratios such as 0.5, 2, and 10 had a detrimental effect on the fatigue life of GFRE composites. Whereas, stress ratios such as -1, -2, and -0.5 had beneficial effect on increasing the fatigue life of GFRE composites under cyclic loading.
A Review on Thermal Properties of Hybrid Polymer Matrix Composites
Authors: Vaggar Gurushanth B , Kamate S C , Shetty Rithesh
Published: February 2021

The requirement and demand of hybrid polymer composites increasing in every filed of applications day by day due to low weight high strength. Since the polymers have found low thermal properties and low strength to high temperature conditions, similarly glass fibre reinforced epoxy resin composites are high strength and stiffness but poor in thermal stability and easily degrades at high temperatures. Which encourages to enhance thermal properties to increase the thermal stability of glass fibre reinforced epoxy resin composites without compromising the strength and stiffness, solution of that is adding high thermal conductivity filler particles to glass fibre reinforced epoxy resin composites, increases the thermal stability and thermal resistivity.
Comparative Analysis of DIP Techniques to Detect Leaf Diseases in Tomato Plant
Authors: Nikkam Pushpalatha S. , Nandibewoor Archana , Qazi Aijaz , Sakri Leena I. , Nargund Vijayendra , Sajjanar Aishwarya , Porwal Saloni , Bhosale Sujit , Ghorpade Payal
Published: February 2021

In India agriculture is the main source of income for generating the economy. Diseases in plants are a major unavoidable problem, and hence detecting the diseases is the necessity of the day in the domain of agriculture. The main diseases found in tomato plants are viral, fungus and bacterial diseases. The detection will help improve the quantity and quality of the products with an optimum yield. In this paper a comparative analysis is carried out for the algorithms Support Vector Machine, Convolution Neural Networks, Decision tree classifier, and k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) with the result of 97%,97%,90% and 80% respectively.
Comparison between CMOS full adder and PTL full adder
Authors: Amitha M , Deepa
Published: February 2021

In electronic industry the level of integration is an important aspect as makes the electronic device simpler and more reliable. The device density increases with the better level of integration. Power dissipation, area occupied and delay are some of the important factors that need to be considered. These parameters play a vital role in manufacturing portable electronic gadgets. Designing of full adder using conventional CMOS design and PTL has been shown in this paper. A comparison is made between the two designs with respect to power dissipation, delay and area (number of transistors). Mentor Graphics Tool is used in design and simulation of the full adder. The PTL full adder has a smaller number of transistors and lower power dissipation compared to CMOS full adder. With all the comparison made it will be concluded that the PTL full adder performance is better than the CMOS full adder.
Maternal Cripto is required for proper uterine decidualization and peri-implantation uterine remodeling
Authors: Shafiei Shiva , Farah Omar , Dufort Daniel
Published: February 2021

Cripto encodes for a cell surface receptor whose role in embryonic development and stem cell maintenance has been studied. Cripto mRNA and protein have been detected in the human uterus at all stages of the menstrual cycle. To date, there is not much known about Cripto’s role in female reproduction. As Cripto null Knockout (KO) is embryonic lethal, we created a conditional KO (cKO) mouse model in which Cripto is deleted only in the reproductive tissues using a Cre-loxP system. Pregnancy rate and number of pups per litter were evaluated as general fertility indices. We observed a significant decrease in pregnancy rate and litter size with loss of uterine Cripto indicating that Cripto cKO females are subfertile. We showed that although the preimplantation period is normal in Cripto cKO females, 20% of cKO females fail to establish pregnancy and an additional 20% of females undergo full litter loss after implantation between day 5.5 postcoitum (d5.5pc) and d8.5pc. We showed that subfertility caused by loss of uterine Cripto is due to defects in uterine decidualization, remodeling, and luminal closure and is accompanied by significant downregulation of Bmp2, Wnt4 and several components of Notch signaling pathway which all are known to be important factors in uterine remodeling and decidualization. Our study demonstrates that Cripto is expressed in the uterus during critical stages of early pregnancy and its deletion results in subfertility due to implantation failure, impaired peri-implantation uterine remodeling and impaired uterine decidualization.
Circulating MicroRNA-210 Concentrations in Patients with Acute Heart Failure: Data from the Akershus Cardiac Examination 2 Study
Authors: Rutkovskiy Arkady , Lyngbakken Magnus Nakrem , Dahl Mai Britt , Bye Anja , Pedersen Marit Holmefjord , Wisløff Ulrik , Christensen Geir , Høiseth Arne Didrik , Omland Torbjørn , Røsjø Helge
Published: February 2021

Background

MicroRNA (miR)-210 expression is induced by acute and chronic hypoxia and provides prognostic information in patients with aortic stenosis and acute coronary syndrome. We hypothesized that circulating miR-210 concentrations could provide diagnostic and prognostic information in patients with acute heart failure (HF).

Methods

We measured miR-210 concentrations in serum samples on admission from 314 patients hospitalized for acute dyspnea and 9 healthy control subjects. The diagnostic and prognostic properties of miR-210 were tested in patients after adjudication of all diagnoses and with median follow-up of 464 days.

Results

All patients and control subjects had miR-210 concentrations within the range of detection, and the analytical variation was low as the coefficient of variation of synthetic spike-in RNA was 4%. Circulating miR-210 concentrations were increased in patients with HF compared to healthy control subjects, but miR-210 concentrations did not separate patients with acute HF (n = 143) from patients with non-HF-related dyspnea (n = 171): the area under the curve was 0.50 (95% CI 0.43–0.57). Circulating miR-210 concentrations were associated with mortality (n = 114) after adjustment for clinical risk factors (hazard ratio 1.65 [95% CI 1.03–2.62] per unit miR-210 increase), but this association was attenuated and not significant after adjustment for established cardiac protein biomarkers.

Conclusions

Circulating miR-210 concentrations are associated with mortality, but do not add to established protein biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis in patients with acute dyspnea.
Critical antiracist pedagogy in ELT
Authors: Kubota Ryuko
Published: February 2021

Antiracism constitutes an important component of social justice in ELT. Yet, discussing racism is often evaded, leaving the concept of racism inadequately understood. This article aims to illuminate racism and invite readers to engage in race-aware discourses and enact critical antiracism. I first outline key issues, including what race is, how race and language are related, and what different forms of racism exist. The complex nature of racism invites ELT professionals to engage in critical antiracist pedagogy, which requires de-essentializing, de-simplifying, de-silencing, and decolonizing antiracism. Critical antiracist pedagogy recognizes intersectionality, different forms of racism, the need for explicit discussion, and the privilege that settlers of color possess in settler colonialism, the latter of which indicates the need for forging solidarity among racialized groups. It also requires critical reflexivity of complicity and privilege involved in antiracist enactment. I provide pedagogical recommendations founded on a dialogic approach with situational ethics and reflexivity.1
Transcriptomic response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to octanoic acid production
Authors: Baumann Leonie , Doughty Tyler , Siewers Verena , Nielsen Jens , Boles Eckhard , Oreb Mislav
Published: February 2021

The medium-chain fatty acid octanoic acid is an important platform compound widely used in industry. The microbial production from sugars in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a promising alternative to current non-sustainable production methods, however, titers need to be further increased. To achieve this, it is essential to have in-depth knowledge about the cell physiology during octanoic acid production. To this end, we collected the first RNA-Seq data of an octanoic acid producer strain at three time points during fermentation. The strain produced higher levels of octanoic acid and increased levels of fatty acids of other chain lengths (C6–C18) but showed decreased growth compared to the reference. Furthermore, we show that the here analyzed transcriptomic response to internally produced octanoic acid is notably distinct from a wild type's response to externally supplied octanoic acid as reported in previous publications. By comparing the transcriptomic response of different sampling times, we identified several genes that we subsequently overexpressed and knocked out, respectively. Hereby we identified RPL40B, to date unknown to play a role in fatty acid biosynthesis or medium-chain fatty acid tolerance. Overexpression of RPL40B led to an increase in octanoic acid titers by 40%.
Environmental Counterclaims in Investment Treaty Arbitration
Authors: Scherer Maxi , Bruce Stuart , Reschke Juliane
Published: February 2021

Through design of international investment agreements, foreign investors may bring international claims against the States in which they invest, challenging domestic executive and regulatory measures, including those related to the environment and sustainable development. In contrast, host States are usually limited to defending claims brought against them. The capacity for a host State to bring an independent counterclaim has been tested in only a handful of cases, some of which involved environmental considerations. This article considers those cases and the potential for counterclaims to help enforce national and international objectives related to the environment. It does so by setting out the legal framework for counterclaims by host States, analyzing how jurisdiction, admissibility and causes of action involving environmental obligations under domestic and international law may be satisfied, and the attendant consequences for liability and compensation. It then considers the implications of counterclaims for future investment disputes, given the rapid development of international and domestic environmental law and policy, especially in the context of corporate governance, climate change and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associations with biomass- and fossil-fuel-combustion fine-particulate-matter exposures in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Mostafijur , Begum Bilkis A , Hopke Philip K , Nahar Kamrun , Newman Jonathan , Thurston George D
Published: February 2021

Background

Fine-particulate-matter (i.e. with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 µm, PM2.5) air pollution is commonly treated as if it had ‘equivalent toxicity’, irrespective of the source and composition. We investigate the respective roles of fossil-fuel- and biomass-combustion particles in the PM2.5 relationship with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality using tracers of sources in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results provide insight into the often observed levelling of the PM2.5 exposure–response curve at high-pollution levels.

Methods

A time-series regression model, adjusted for potentially confounding influences, was applied to 340 758 cardiovascular disease (CVD) emergency-department visits (EDVs) during January 2014 to December 2017, 253 407 hospital admissions during September 2013 to December 2017 and 16 858 CVD deaths during January 2014 to October 2017.

Results

Significant associations were confirmed between PM2.5-mass exposures and increased risk of cardiovascular EDV [0.27%, (0.07% to 0.47%)] at lag-0, hospitalizations [0.32% (0.08% to 0.55%)] at lag-0 and deaths [0.87%, (0.27% to 1.47%)] at lag-1 per 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. However, the relationship of PM2.5 with morbidity and mortality effect slopes was less steep and non-significant at higher PM2.5 concentrations (during crop-burning-dominated exposures) and varied with PM2.5 source. Fossil-fuel-combustion PM2.5 had roughly a four times greater effect on CVD mortality and double the effect on CVD hospital admissions on a per-µg/m3 basis than did biomass-combustion PM2.5.

Conclusion

Biomass burning was responsible for most PM2.5 air pollution in Dhaka, but fossil-fuel-combustion PM2.5 dominated the CVD adverse health impacts. Such by-source variations in the health impacts of PM2.5 should be considered in conducting ambient particulate-matter risk assessments, as well as in prioritizing air-pollution-mitigation measures and clinical advice.
Modelling team performance in soccer using tactical features derived from position tracking data
Authors: Goes F R , Kempe M , van Norel J , Lemmink K A P M
Published: February 2021

Decision-makers in soccer routinely assess the tactical behaviour of a team and its opponents both during and after the game to optimize performance. Currently, this assessment is typically driven by notational analysis and observation. Therefore, potential high-impact decisions are often made based on limited or even biased information. With the current study, we aimed to quantitatively assess tactical performance by abstracting a set of spatiotemporal features from the general offensive principles of play in soccer using position tracking data, and to train a machine learning classifier to predict match outcome based on these features computed over the full game as well as only parts of the game. Based on the results of these analyses, we describe a proof of concept of a decision support system for coaches and managers. In an analysis of 302 professional Dutch Eredivisie matches, we were able to train a Linear Discriminant Analysis model to predict match outcome with fair to good (74.1%) accuracy with features computed over the full match, and 67.9% accuracy with features computed over only 1/4th of the match. We therefore conclude that using only position tracking data, we can provide valuable feedback to coaches about how their team is executing the various principles of play, and how these principles are contributing to overall performance.
Cybersecurity Predictions 2021
Authors: Day Greg
Published: February 2021

Looking back on 2020, it is clear COVID-19 redefined the term ‘digital resilience’, writes Greg Day, VP and CSO EMEA of California-based Palo Alto Networks.
Reimagining The Internet With Edge Computing
Authors: Varghese Blesson , Bonomi Flavio
Published: February 2021

Blesson Varghese, Associate Professor in computer science at Queen's University Belfast and Flavio Bonomi, Founder of Nebbiolo Technologies and Board Technology Adviser for LYNX, explore how edge computing could foster a more ethical and fairer internet.
How Microsoft Teams is Evolving
Authors: Hedderman Nick
Published: February 2021

When the pandemic caused chaos across our working lives, Microsoft Teams, along with other collaboration tools, helped to keep the UK working. Nick Hedderman, Director, Modern Work & Security Business Group, Microsoft UK, spoke to Johanna Hamilton AMBCS about this new normal.
The Roger Needham Award 2020
Authors: Cooper Martin
Published: February 2021

Professor Jade Alglave has won the BCS Roger Needham Award, sponsored by Microsoft Research Cambridge. The award has been made in recognition of her fundamental work in one of the more diffcult areas of computer science: concurrency. Martin Cooper MBCS reports.
How Keyloggers Work and How To Defeat Them
Authors: Waterson Dave
Published: February 2021

Homeworking policies, necessary to curtail COVID-19, have also had the effect of exposing smaller enterprises to a level of sophisticated cyber-attack ordinarily reserved for large multi-nationals, writes Dave Waterson, CEO of SentryBay.
The Shape of Cloud Security in The WFH ERA
Authors: Phillips Danny
Published: February 2021

It's been a year since the first lockdown came into effect in the UK and brought with it the shift to working remotely, writes Danny Phillips, EMEA VP, Sales Engineering at Zscaler.
Insight: Leadership
Authors: Hall Jon G
Published: February 2021

What makes a good leader? By inviting us to play a game, Jon G Hall FBCS CITP explores an apparent gulf between our conscious and unconscious views about leadership.
Designing a Chip That's Good For You
Authors: Herzog Carolyn
Published: February 2021

Carolyn Herzog, EVP and General Counsel at ARM talks to Johanna Hamilton AMBCS about AI, diversity, inclusivity and the importance of matching the algorithm to the community.