bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran Guru Dalam Pengembangan Peserta Didik Di era Digital
Authors: Tari Ezra , Hutapea Rinto Hasiholan
Published: November 2021

Penulis mengkaji tentang pengembangan peserta didik di era digital. Penelitian ini berangkat dari keresahan penulis terhadap keadaan peserta didik di era digital.Para peserta didik belum mampu menggunakan teknologi secara maksimal. Sehingga guru dituntut untuk bertindak profesional untuk mendampingi nara didik untuk mengembangkan diri dalam penguasaan teknologi informasi. Dengan problematika tersebut maka, penulis mengupas tentang peran guru dalam pengembangan peserta didik di era digital. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Dalam penelitian ini, teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian tidak dipaksakan untuk memperoleh gambaran seutuhnya mengenai suatu hal menurut pandangan manusia. Berdasarkan kajian yang dilakukan oleh penulis dalam tulisan ini, kemampuan pengelolaan peserta didik, guru bertanggungjawabterhadap peserta didik dalam perancangan dan pelaksanaan hasil belajar.Pengembangan peserta didik, dengan sejumlah peran dan tanggung jawab yang dilakukan guru. Jadi guru wajib mahir, pandai, cermat, dan cerdas dalam menjalankan pekerjaan sebagai guru. Guru dituntut mampu mengaktualisasikan kompetensi pedagogik. Serta mampu mengimplementasikan pendidikan yang holistik. The author examines the development of students in the digital age.  This study departs from the writer's anxiety about the condition of students in the digital age.  The students have not been able to use technology maximally. So that teachers are required to act professionally to assist students to develop themselves in the mastery of information technology. On account of these problems, the authors explore the role of teachers in the development of students in the digital age.  The method used is descriptive qualitative.  In this study, the theory used in research is not forced to obtain a complete picture of a matter according to human views. Based on the study conducted by the author in this paper, the ability to manage learners, teachers are responsible for students in the design and implementation of learning outcomes. Development of students, with a number of roles and responsibilities undertaken by the teacher. So the teacher must be proficient, clever, careful, and smart in carrying out work as a teacher.  Teachers are required to be able to actualize pedagogical competencies.  And able to implement holistic education.
Semboyan Adil Ka’ Talino, Bacuramin Ka’ Saruga, Basengat Ka’ Jubata Sebagai Akses Relasi Sosial Keagamaan
Authors: Katarina K , Diana Ruat
Published: November 2021

Humans are social creatures that require interaction with one another, in the process of building the interaction of religious books and watchwords very important role as access to social relations. In building relationships, access is needed to achieve social integration. This study aims to describe the Dayak motto as access to social relations, so in this research is descriptive in the form of qualitative, using literature or literature studies. Based on the analysis of researchers, conclusions related to the slogan Adil Ka 'Talino, Bacuramin Ka' Saruga, Basengat Ka 'Jubata as access to social relations are fair to others, reflect on heavenly life, and surrender to God as the determinant of life. Manusia merupakan makhluk sosial yang memerlukan interaksi satu dengan lainnya, dalam proses membangun interaksi kitab keagamaan dan semboyan sangat berperan sebagai akses relasi sosial. Dalam membangun relasi diperlukan akses untuk mencapai integrasi sosial.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan semboyan suku dayak sebagai akses relasi sosial, sehingga dalam penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dalam berbentuk kualitatif, dengan menggunakan studi literatur atau studi pustaka. Berdasarkan hasil analisis peneliti, maka dihasilkan simpulan terkait semboyan Adil Ka’ Talino, Bacuramin Ka’ Saruga, Basengat Ka’ Jubata sebagai akses relasi sosial adalah adil kepada sesama, bercermin kepada kehidupan surga, serta berserah kepada Tuhan sebagai penentu kehidupan.
JEAN BODIN AND RELIGIOUS TOLERATION
Authors: P. Ramet Sabrina
Published: November 2021

In the wake of the Protestant Reformation and the division of Western Christianity into rival religious camps, France descended into religious civil war in the years 1562-1598. The question then was how to respond to it. Writing after Spinoza’s championing of freedom of religious thought but before Hobbes’ advocacy of a strong sovereign who would dictate the prayers and forms of religious worship for the nation as a method of avoiding religious conflict, Bodin argued for religious toleration, indeed for a degree of religious toleration that was radical in its day.
THE VOICE OF THE VANISHED EMPIRE FROM A FOREIGN LAND: TURKISH-OTTOMAN MEDENIYET NEWSPAPER IN BULGARIA IN THE 1930s
Authors: Saetov Ilshat
Published: November 2021

This research looks at the Medeniyet, a Turkish newspaper, launched in 1933 in Bulgaria. The goal is to show historical and political contexts of the newspaper, published in Ottoman language and opposing to Kemalists in Turkey, and discover main topics of its first ten issues. Research draws upon primary sources, never examined thoroughly before. At the end, all titles of the issues are given in modern Turkish transcription and in translation to English.
A Hole in the Wall: The Potential of Persistent Video-enabled Communication Channels to Facilitate Collaboration in Dispersed Teams
Authors: Siemens Lynne
Published: November 2021

With advances in telecommunications and information technology, collaborations and teamwork are no longer bound by geography. However, challenges stemming from distance must be managed to ensure that teams work together successfully. One of the primary challenges is finding ways to facilitate communication and coordination across distance and time. Skype, Zoom, and other internet-enabled tools provide some potential to accomplish this; however, relatively few studies have been completed on the best ways to use a continuously open communication channel to facilitate teamwork within a geographically dispersed collaboration. This study contributes to this discussion by examining the use of such a channel by a dispersed lab. While this paper suggests the potential for similar collaborations, open audio and video communication channels can create the sense of social presence by reminding members that they are part of larger efforts, even when working at a distance. It managed to do so while addressing concerns of privacy and a potential for surveillance culture. These tools also complement the other well-established online ones as well as face-to-face meetings for project coordination and decision-making.
Public-Private Partnerships and the Digitization of the Textual and Cultural Record
Authors: Barnett Tully
Published: November 2021

A range of private-public partnerships, volunteer and crowdsourced labour, local, national, international and commercial agendas, and competing copyright systems intersect with the important but complicated project of digitization of the world's cultural material. These agendas are sometimes open, social, and collaborative (Edmond 2016; Liu 2016) but are also often closed, profit-driven, or sensitive agendas (Thylstrup 2019). This paper investigates a series of case studies of electronic access to books and cultural heritage, each incorporating some notion of a public-private partnership and some notion of the importance of open access agendas. It explores the metaphors that we use to conceptualize a form of open social scholarship based on an open social digitization agenda, including the HathiTrust’s Digital Library, Google Books, and Microsoft’s partnership with the British Library. The paper asks how the principles of open social scholarship contribute to a better and more nuanced understanding of digitization as a cultural practice and asks how a better understanding of the networks, partnerships, and paperwork (agreements, policies etc) of digitization could inform developments in open social scholarship. The public-private partnerships that surround the digitization of the cultural record assist underfunded cultural organizations to do important digitization work but also introduce complexities and contradictions in open social access to information. In addition, the mix of volunteer and crowdsourced labour operating in collaboration with cultural sector professional staff create intricate chains of value over time, space, and sector. The presence of large-scale corporations inside these arrangements has added another layer of complexity over time, and one that many public stakeholders are still struggling to navigate. The case studies examined here illuminate new facets of the large-scale international agenda of digitization at the social and cultural level and provide insight to help establish a framework for digitization that is open, social, and collaborative. The principles of open scholarship provide a useful first step in unpacking this.
How Can We Broaden and Diversify Humanities Knowledge Translation?
Authors: Arbuckle Alyssa
Published: November 2021

Humanities research is extremely relevant for the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century. But despite the growing corpus of humanities research, there are few explicit translation mechanisms from academic work to broader communities. Building off of such a premise, this paper looks at where knowledge translation is occurring in other fields and what lessons might be learned for the wider and more efficient circulation of humanities work.
Topic Modeling of Committee Discussions in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies
Authors: dos Santos M. A. , Andrade N. , Morais F.
Published: November 2021

Ensuring that civil society can monitor and supervise the actions of its representatives is essential to build strong democracies. Despite significant advances in transparency, Brazilian National Congress committees are presently complex to follow and monitor due to the lack of open structured data about their discussions and the sheer volume of activity in these committees. This work presents two contributions to this context. First, we create and present an open dataset including structured speeches of the 25 Chamber of Deputies' standing committees over the last two decades. Second, we use Natural Language Processing techniques - especially Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) - to identify themes addressed on these committees. Based on these latent topics, we explore similarities and differences between the standing committees, their relationships, and how their debates change over time. Our results show that committees accommodate conversations - including their main topic and opposing agendas - and describe how the topics discussed in the committees reverberate external events.
Survival Prediction for Oral Cancer Patients: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Lopes Murilo Cruz , Amorim Marília de Matos , Freitas Valéria Souza , Calumby Rodrigo Tripodi
Published: November 2021

There is a high incidence of oral cancer in Brazil, with 150,000 new cases estimated for 2020-2022. In most cases, it is diagnosed at an advanced stage and are related to many risk factors. The Registro Hospitalar de Câncer (RHC), managed by Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), is a nation-wide database that integrates cancer registers from several hospitals in Brazil. RHC is mostly an administrative database but also include clinical, socioeconomic and hospitalization data for each patient with a cancer diagnostic in the country. For these patients, prognostication is always a difficult task a demand multi-dimensional analysis. Therefore, exploiting large-scale data and machine intelligence approaches emerge as promising tool for computer-aided decision support on death risk estimation. Given the importance of this context, some works have reported high prognostication effectiveness, however with extremely limited data collections, relying on weak validation protocols or simple robustness analysis. Hence, this work describes a detailed workflow and experimental analysis for oral cancer patient survival prediction considering careful data curation and strict validation procedures. By exploiting multiple machine learning algorithms and optimization techniques the proposed approach allowed promising survival prediction effectiveness with F1 and AuC-ROC over 0.78 and 0.80, respectively. Moreover, a detailed analysis have shown that the minimization of different types of prediction errors were achieved by different models, which highlights the importance of the rigour in this kind of validation.
Auswirkungen der Schuldenbremse im Privatrecht
Authors: Hauser Patrick
Published: November 2021

The German "debt brake" was introduced to limit government debt. This book examines whether violations of the debt brake have an impact on state loans or bonds. The author comes to the conclusion that the debt brake constitutes a prohibition law within the meaning of Sec. 134 of the German Civil Code (BGB) and illustrates the consequences for public financing: the affected loans may be null and void and the parties must make restitution under unjust enrichment law. Based on these findings, the author argues that (potential) creditors have an interest to monitor government borrowing. "Private enforcement" of the debt brake is therefore possible.
Hochwertig, transparent, publikumsnah
Authors: Uth Bernadette
Published: November 2021

Trust in journalism is highly relevant in many respects. At the same time, however, this trust is repeatedly the subject of public debate, and parts of our society are sceptical of traditional journalism. Building trust is therefore an important task for editorial offices. Based on 29 qualitative interviews with editorial office staff from all over Germany, this study systematically examines how editorial offices perceive and try to cultivate the trust relationship with their audience. The book’s findings are thus not only relevant from a theoretical but also from a practical perspective.
Demographical, Anatomical, Disease-Related, and Occupational Risk Factors for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Azadvari Mohaddeseh , Haghshomar Mayam , Abbasi Feijani Fatemeh , Abdolrazagh Hosseinali , Emami Razavi Seyede Zahra , Tayebi Omid
Published: November 2021

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common focal mononeuropathy. It causes characteristic symptoms, including numbness and paresthesia in the hand due to median nerve compression at the wrist. Objectives: We aimed to investigate CTS prevalence and personal, psychosocial, biomedical, and occupational factors related to it comprehensively, according to scattered publications, without the simultaneous evaluation of all CTS risk factors. Methods: A total of 345 patients referred to a hand clinic with a complaint of paresthesia in upper extremities and suspected CTS. The patients underwent neurological assessment and electrodiagnostic (EDX) tests to confirm the diagnosis. The demographic information, past medical history, past trauma history, and occupational history of all the patients were recorded and finally analyzed with SPSS software. Results: Of the patients, 213 (67.1%) met the criteria for CTS, of whom 160 (75%) were female. Females were significantly more affected by CTS than males (P < 0.05). The mean age was higher in the CTS patients (53.80 ± 11.57 years) than in non-patients (42.39 ± 12.31 years, P < 0.001). No statistical relevance was found between CTS prevalence with occupational history, underlying medical conditions, positive Tinel’s and Phalen's tests, and muscle atrophy. Conclusions: We recognized age and gender as main determinants in developing CTS. We also found that older age was related to higher CTS intensity.
Identification and Prediction of Fatigue Trajectories in People With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Pettersson Susanne , Demmelmaier Ingrid , Nordgren Birgitta , Dufour Alyssa B. , Opava Christina H.
Published: November 2021

Objective

We aimed to identify groups demonstrating different long‐term trajectories of fatigue among people with rheumatoid arthritis and determine baseline predictors for these trajectories.

Methods

Our study included 2741 people aged 18 to 75 years who were independent in daily living. Data were collected from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register and questionnaires at baseline, 14 months, and 26 months. Fatigue was rated on a 100‐mm visual analog scale. K‐means cluster analysis was used to identify fatigue trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for potential predictors of trajectory membership.

Results

The mean age was 60 years, 73% of participants were female, and the mean baseline fatigue level was 39. Three distinct fatigue trajectories were identified, representing mild (mean 15, n = 1024), moderate (mean 41, n = 986), and severe (mean 71, n = 731) fatigue. Consistent patterns indicated that poorer health perception (ORs 1.68‐18.40), more pain (ORs 1.38‐5.04), anxiety/depression (ORs 0.85‐6.19), and activity limitation (ORs 1.43‐7.39) were associated with more severe fatigue. Those in the severe fatigue group, compared with those in the mild fatigue group, were more likely to be college educated than university educated (OR 1.56) and less likely to maintain physical activity (OR 0.54). Those in the severe fatigue group, compared with those in both the moderate (OR 0.67) and mild (OR 0.59) fatigue groups, were less likely to have one additional adult in the household.

Conclusion

This study identified stable fatigue trajectories, predicted by health perception, pain, anxiety/depression, activity limitation, educational level, maintained physical activity, and household composition. Interventions aimed at reducing these disabilities and supporting physical activity behaviors may help reduce fatigue.
Heterogeneous MoSe2/Nitrogen‐Doped‐Carbon Nanoarrays: Engineering Atomic Interface for Potassium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Xu Da , Chen Ling , Su Xiaozhi , Jiang Hongliang , Lian Cheng , Liu Honglai , Chen Long , Hu Yanjie , Jiang Hao , Li Chunzhong
Published: November 2021

Owing to the lower price and higher safety, developing high‐performance K‐ion batteries (KIBs) is of great significance as an alternative to Li‐ion batteries. High‐energy‐density MoSe2 has been identified as a promising anode material for KIBs; however, its electrochemical reversibility remains a big challenge. Herein, heterogenous MoSe2/N‐doped carbon nanoarrays demonstrate a brilliant performance as KIBs anode materials. The as‐formed hetero‐interface weakens the KSe bond of discharged products (K2Se), the length of KSe bond is stretched by 3.9% with an enlargement of 19.2% in angle compared with pure K2Se, greatly promoting the regeneration of MoSe bond during charge. Moreover, the atomically inter‐overlapping feature leads to an expanded MoSe2 interlayer distance of 1.20 nm that enables a much faster K‐ion diffusion. Consequently, this nanoarray delivers an unprecedented K‐ion storage performance, that is, a capacity of 402 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 over 200 cycles, and a long cycle life over 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1 with 307 mAh g−1 capacity retention.
Scalable, Robust, Low‐Cost, and Highly Thermally Conductive Anisotropic Nanocomposite Films for Safe and Efficient Thermal Management
Authors: Chen Qiang , Ma Zhewen , Wang Zhengzhou , Liu Lei , Zhu Menghe , Lei Weiwei , Song Pingan
Published: November 2021

Recently, soaring developments in microelectronics raise an urgent demand for thermal management materials to tackle their “overheating” concerns. Polymer nanocomposites are promising candidates but often suffer from their inability of mass production, high‐cost, poor mechanical robustness, and even flammability. Hence, it is desirable to scalably fabricate low‐cost, robust polymeric nanocomposites that are highly thermally conductive and fire‐retardant to ensure safe and efficient thermal management. Herein, the scalable production of nacre‐like anisotropic nanocomposite films using the layer‐by‐layer assembly of phenylphosphonic acid@graphene nanoplatelets (PPA@GNPs)‐poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) layer and GNPs layers, is demonstrated. The PPA serves as interfacial modifiers and fire retardants for flammable PVA (film‐forming agent) and GNPs (inexpensive conductive nanofillers) via hydrogen‐bonding and π–π stacking. The resultant nanocomposite exhibits a high flexibility, high tensile strength of 259 MPa, and an ultrahigh in‐plane thermal conductivity of 82.4 W m‐1 K‐1, making it effectively cool smartphone and high‐power light emitting diode modules, outperforming commercial tinfoil counterparts. Moreover, the as‐designed nanocomposites are intrinsically fire‐retardant and can shield electromagnetic interference. This work offers a general strategy for mass production of thermally conductive nanocomposites holding great promise as thermal management materials in electronic, military, and aerospace fields.
Magnetically separable and efficient platinum catalyst: Amino ligand enhanced loading and Fe2+ facilitated Pt0 formation
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Cai Cheng , Hu Tao , Zhang Zhijie , Dai Lina , Fei Huafeng , Bai Hongli , Wu Chonggang , Gong Xinghou , Zheng Xuan
Published: November 2021

Understanding the interaction between metal and the support is crucial in searching of efficient and recyclable noble metal heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, we report a core‐shell structured support for Pt catalyst with a magnetic Fe3O4 core and a porous silica shell bearing amino groups. The prepared catalyst Fe3O4@mSiO2‐APTES‐Pt showed a high loading of Pt (7.93 wt%) as well as a high fraction of active Pt0 species, which both contributed to the high activity toward a model hydrosilylation reaction between 1‐octene and 1, 1, 1, 3, 5, 5, 5‐heptamethyltrisiloxane (HMTS). X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) analysis revealed that the amino ligands played a dominant role in Pt loading and Fe2+ probably facilitated the formation of low valence Pt0. Under the combined effect of magnetic nature of the support and proper support‐metal interactions, the catalyst exhibited excellent recyclability with a recovery of 99.7% and a yield of over 90% even after eight runs of recycling. This catalyst may provide a new option in designing and preparing heterogeneous catalysts that are highly recoverable, reusable, and recyclable.
Photometric search for exomoons by using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Weghs Lukas
Published: November 2021

Until now, there is no confirmed moon beyond our solar system (exomoon). Exomoons offer us new possibly habitable places which might also be outside the classical habitable zone. But until now, the search for exomoons needs much computational power because classical statistical methods are employed. It is shown that exomoon signatures can be found by using deep learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), respectively, trained with synthetic light curves combined with real light curves with no transits. It is found that CNNs trained by combined synthetic and observed light curves may be used to find moons bigger or equal to roughly 2–3 Earth radii in the Kepler data set or comparable data sets. Using neural networks in future missions like Planetary Transits and Oscillation of stars might enable the detection of exomoons.
Nitrous oxide‐related neurological disorders: Clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological findings
Authors: Jiang Jiwei , Shang Xiuli , Wang Xiaoting , Chen Hanze , Li Wenyi , Wang Yanli , Xu Jun
Published: November 2021

Background

Recreational N2O abuse is an important etiology of neurological impairment in young patients, which may easily be ignored clinically. Few current studies have investigated the characteristics or the effects experienced by its users. We aimed to explore any correlation between the clinical severity and biomarkers and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities, identify independent factors associated with spinal MRI abnormalities, and ascertain factors affecting depression/anxiety in patients with N2O‐related neurological disorders.

Methods

Patients with N2O‐related neurological disorders were enrolled retrospectively between February 2017 and July 2020. Their demographic, clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging, electrophysiological, and neuropsychological findings were analyzed. Correlation analyses were conducted using Spearman's or Pearson's correlation and linear regression analysis. Independent factors associated with spinal MRI abnormalities were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

The principal clinical manifestations of N2O‐related neurological disorders (n = 63; 38 men, 25 women; mean age ± SD: 22.60 ± 4.46 years) were sensory disturbance, followed by gait disturbance and pyramidal tract damage. A significant negative correlation existed between serum vitamin B12levels and clinical severity (r = −0.309,p = .014), which disappeared after linear regression. An interval of less than 6 months between initial N2O abuse and hospitalization was independently associated with spinal MRI abnormalities (39.47% vs. 72.00%, respectively;χ2 = 6.40,p = .01). Thirty‐eight (60.32%) and 40 (63.49%) patients experienced anxiety and depression, respectively. Moreover, the higher the clinical scores/serum homocysteine levels, the greater the severity of anxiety/depression (r = 0.442,p < .01;r = 0.346,p < .01;r = 0.477,p < .01;r = 0.324,p < .01).

Conclusions

The significant inverse correlation between initial vitamin B12levels and clinical severity could aid prognosis prediction in patients with N2O‐related neurological disorders. Spinal MRI abnormalities were not related to clinical severity but depended on the time interval between initial N2O abuse and hospitalization. Anxiety and depression were common comorbidity in these patients, and their severity increased with the intensity of clinical impairment and/or serum homocysteine levels.
Review recent rulings involving academic adjustments
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2021

An overview of the key topics faced by campus administrators with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Aggressiveness of care at end of life in patients with high‐grade glioma
Authors: Harrison Rebecca A. , Ou Alexander , Naqvi Syed M. A. A. , Naqvi Syed M. , Weathers Shiao‐Pei S. , O'Brien Barbara J. , de Groot John F. , Bruera Eduardo
Published: November 2021

Background

Patients with high‐grade glioma (HGG) face unique challenges toward the end of life (EoL), given their aggressive trajectory and neurologic deterioration. Aggressiveness of medical care at EoL has been identified as an important quality metric for oncology patients. At this time, limited data exist around the nature of EoL care of patients with HGG.

Methods

Patients with HGG and palliative care (PC) referral seen between 2010 and 2015 were identified (N = 80). Of these, N = 52 met inclusion criteria. Random selections of patients with (1) HGG not referred to PC (n = 80), and (2) non‐CNS cancers with PC referral (n = 80) were identified for comparison. A composite score of aggressiveness of medical care at EoL was calculated for each patient from predetermined variables. A time of eligibility for PC was defined for each patient when predetermined criteria based on symptom burden, functional status, and prognosis were met.

Results

Among the patients analyzed with HGG referred to PC, 59.6% (N = 31) were referred as inpatients, and 53.8% (N = 28) were referred within the last 12 weeks of life. Patients with HGG had similar aggressiveness of care at EoL regardless of PC referral, and HGG patients had less aggressive care at EoL than patients with non‐CNS cancers (p = 0.007). Care was more aggressive at EoL in HGG patients who received late versus early PC referrals (p = 0.012). Motor weakness at time of eligibility (OR = 2.55, p = 0.002) and more disease progressions (OR = 1.25, p = 0.043) were associated with less aggressive care at EoL.

Conclusions

Early clinical‐ and disease‐related features predict the aggressiveness of medical care at EoL in patients with HGG. Formal PC consultation is used infrequently and suboptimally in patients with HGG. Our data suggest that the role of PC in improving EoL outcomes in HGG warrants further evaluation.
Child Protection Investigations in Scotland: A 33 Per Cent Increase in Two Years
Authors: Bilson Andy
Published: November 2021

The Scottish government plans a more preventive and partnership‐oriented approach to child protection. However, it has not recently published statistics on the number of child protection investigations. This paper analyses data from a request for information from government. It shows a rate of 153 investigations per 10 000 children aged 0–17 in 2017/18. There were wide variations in rates of investigations across Scottish local authorities. Almost three‐quarters of investigations in 2017/18 did not lead to the child being placed on the child protection register. A small association between investigation rates and local authority deprivation suggests that factors other than deprivation at the local authority level are at play in decisions to investigate child protection. There has been an increase of investigations by one‐third in the last two years with no change in the numbers starting a child protection plan. These trends raise the possibility that concerns about the preventive approach net‐widening and leading to more rather than less children drawn into the formal child protection system may have some basis. The limited nature of published statistical data in Scotland means that policies and activities, which are carried out with large amounts of public funding, receive limited public scrutiny.

Key Practitioner Messages

One investigation was conducted for every 65 children in Scotland in 2017/18.

One child in 23 was investigated before the age of four.

Rates of investigation vary widely between local authorities.

One in four investigations are likely to lead to a child protection registration.

There was a 33 per cent increase in investigations in the most recent two years with no change in child protection registrations.

Investigations harm families and lessen the chances of engaging them with support.

‘The limited nature of published statistical data in Scotland means that policies and activities, which are carried out with large amounts of public funding, receive limited public scrutiny’
Adult‐type granulosa cell tumor: An unusual testicular tumor
Authors: Mukendi Alain Mwamba , Mukendi Joelle Bukumbabu , Ahmad Ahsan , Mtshali Nompumelelo
Published: November 2021

Adult type granulosa cell tumours are extremely rare. Albeit mostly benign, 10% have malignant potential associated with unfavorable pathological features. The present case with the longest history duration, shows that size alone may not necessarily be unfavorable prognosticator when not associated with other factors.
The characteristics and prognostic role of acute abdominal on‐admission pain in acute pancreatitis: A prospective cohort analysis of 1432 cases
Authors: Földi Mária , Gede Noémi , Kiss Szabolcs , Vincze Áron , Bajor Judit , Szabó Imre , Szepes Zoltán , Izbéki Ferenc , Gervain Judit , Hamvas József , Vitális Zsuzsanna , Fehér Eszter , Crai Stefan , Sallinen Ville , Ramirez‐Maldonado Elena , Meczker Ágnes , Varjú Péter , Poropat Goran , Stimac Davor , Faluhelyi Nándor , Miseta Attila , Nagy Tamás , Márton Zsolt , Vereczkei András , Jenő Hegyi Péter , Párniczky Andrea , Hegyi Péter , Szentesi Andrea ,   the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Pain is the most common symptom in acute pancreatitis (AP) and is among the diagnostic criteria. Therefore, we aimed to characterize acute abdominal pain in AP.

Methods

The Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group prospectively collected multicentre clinical data on 1435 adult AP patients between 2012 and 2017. Pain was characterized by its intensity (mild or intense), duration prior to admission (hours), localization (nine regions of the abdomen) and type (sharp, dull or cramping).

Results

97.3% of patients (n = 1394) had pain on admission. Of the initial population with acute abdominal pain, 727 patients answered questions about pain intensity, 1148 about pain type, 1134 about pain localization and 1202 about pain duration. Pain was mostly intense (70%, n = 511/727), characterized by cramping (61%, n = 705/1148), mostly starting less than 24 h prior to admission (56.7%, n = 682/1202). Interestingly, 50.9% of the patients (n = 577/1134) had atypical pain, which means pain other than epigastric or belt‐like upper abdominal pain. We observed a higher proportion of peripancreatic fluid collection (19.5% vs. 11.0%; p = 0.009) and oedematous pancreas (8.4% vs. 3.1%; p = 0.016) with intense pain. Sharp pain was associated with AP severity (OR = 2.481 95% CI: 1.550–3.969) and increased mortality (OR = 2.263, 95% CI: 1.199–4.059) compared to other types. Longstanding pain (>72 h) on admission was not associated with outcomes. Pain characteristics showed little association with the patient's baseline characteristics.

Conclusion

A comprehensive patient interview should include questions about pain characteristics, including pain type. Patients with sharp and intense pain might need special monitoring and tailored pain management.

Significance

Acute abdominal pain is the leading presenting symptom in acute pancreatitis; however, we currently lack specific guidelines for pain assessment and management. In our cohort analysis, intense and sharp pain on admission was associated with higher odds for severe AP and several systemic and local complications. Therefore, a comprehensive patient interview should include questions about pain characteristics and patients with intense and sharp pain might need closer monitoring.
Incomplete soil‐foundation contact and foundation input motion: From numerical analysis to field evidence
Authors: Jahankhah Hossein , Taheri Masoud
Published: November 2021

This paper presents how incomplete wall contact between the foundation side‐walls and the surrounding soil alters the foundation input motion (FIM) of rectangular rigid boxes. The foundations are considered to have square sections embedded in a homogeneous linear half‐space. The free‐field motion (FFM) is assumed to be a vertical propagating shear wave. The foundation inputs in three translational and three rotational degrees of freedom (DOFs) were calculated using finite element analysis. Three additional net translational inputs were also introduced to cover movements along all six DOFs and remove the complexity of dealing with the rotational motions. Numerous models with incomplete soil‐foundation contacts were constructed and related FIMs were examined numerically. The key results show that an incomplete contact can activate all six DOFs, even under translational FFM. In some cases, the net input motion reaches ordinates of four times the peak value counterpart in the FFM. This ratio, in perpendicular horizontal and, also, vertical directions, reaches 0.7 and 0.2, respectively. Given the field evidence observations, it is concluded that the odd trends reported in the literature for kinematic transfer functions (TFs), which have not been justified to date, may be caused by a partial soil‐foundation contact.
U–Pb age and Hf isotopic characteristics of detrital zircon from the Nanhua System in Longsheng, northern Guangxi Province, and their geological significance
Authors: Hu Qiaofan , Qin Ya , Feng Zuohai , Wan Lei , Xing Quanli , Wu Jie , Xue Yunfeng
Published: November 2021

U–Pb dating and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons from the Nanhua System in Longsheng, northern Guangxi, were investigated to determine the depositional age and provenance of the Nanhua System and the early crustal evolution stages of the South China. U–Pb ages of detrital zircons from the Chang'an Formation of the Nanhua System in Longsheng, northern Guangxi, are mainly 0.66 ~ 0.72 Ga and 0.72 ~ 0.90 Ga, with εHf(t) ranging from −17.05 to 12.79. The dominant provenance is composed of Neoproterozoic magmatic rock from the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block and the Nanhua period detrital material from Cathaysia Block. U–Pb ages of detrital zircons from the Fulu Formation can be divided into four major groups, that is, 0.64 ~ 0.72 Ga, 0.72 ~ 0.90 Ga, 1.80 ~ 2.20 Ga, and 2.30 ~ 2.80 Ga, with εHf(t) ranging from −27.66 to 11.68. The main provenance is Neoproterozoic magmatic rock from the southeastern margin of Yangtze Block, followed by the Nanhua period detrital material from the Cathaysia Block and geological body equivalent to the assembly of the Columbia Supercontinent. U–Pb age of detrital zircons from Lijiapo Formation is concentrated in 0.72 ~ 0.90 Ga, with εHf(t) ranging from −16.02 to 11.87, and the main provenance comes from Neoproterozoic magmatic rock in the south‐east margin of Yangtze Block. The second‐stage Hf model age (TDM2) of the Nanhua System is 0.84 ~ 4.51 Ga, with two obvious peak intervals of 0.90 ~ 1.30 Ga and 1.40 ~ 2.10 Ga, and two secondary peak intervals of 2.40 ~ 3.00 Ga and 3.10 ~ 3.60 Ga, which can be interpreted that the research area has experienced four stages of crustal growth: 3.10 ~ 3.60 Ga, 2.40 ~ 3.00 Ga, 1.40 ~ 2.10 Ga, and 0.90 ~ 1.30 Ga. The detrital zircon age spectra indicate that the Chang'an Formation and Fulu Formation of the Nanhua System contain more detrital zircons which is contemporaneous with strata due to the Xuefeng orogeny, while the Lijiapo Formation contains a very small amount of detrital zircon which is contemporaneous with strata, suggesting that the tectonic setting has shifted to a passive continental margin or pull‐apart basin during the period of the Lijiapo Formation.
Arterial calcification on preoperative computed tomography imaging as a risk factor for pharyngocutaneous fistula formation after total laryngectomy
Authors: Bril Sandra I. , Chargi Najiba , Pezier Thomas F. , Tijink Bernard M. , Braunius Weibel W. , Smid Ernst J. , de Jong Pim A. , de Bree Remco
Published: November 2021

Background

Research in esophageal surgery showed that computed tomography (CT) assessed arterial calcification (AC) is associated with postoperative complications. We investigated the association between AC and pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) formation after laryngectomy.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing laryngectomy. AC was scored at 10 different anatomical locations on CT imaging, blinded for PCF occurrence. Association with PCF was investigated using logistic regression.

Results

The 224 patients were included; 62 (27.7%) developed a PCF. Moderate to severe AC was widespread in patients undergoing TL; 7.1% of patients had at most mild AC, of whom 1 experienced a PCF (p = 0.05). A higher cumulative calcification score was associated with PCF in univariable (OR 1.11, p = 0.04) and multivariable analysis (OR 1.14, p = 0.05).

Conclusion

AC is widespread in patients undergoing laryngectomy and its burden is associated with PCF. Extensive AC on preoperative imaging may be considered a risk factor for PCF.
Valorizing carbon dioxide via electrochemical reduction on gas‐diffusion electrodes
Authors: Luo Yuqing , Zhang Kefan , Li Yanguang , Wang Yuhang
Published: November 2021

The electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction provides a means to upgrade CO2 into value‐added chemicals. When powered by renewable electricity, CO2 electroreduction holds the promise of chemical manufacturing with carbon neutrality. A commercially relevant CO2 electroreduction process should be highly selective and productive toward desired products, energetically efficient for power conversion, and stable for long‐term operation. To achieve these goals, designing gas‐diffusion catalytic electrodes and prototyping reactors built upon in‐depth understandings of the reaction mechanisms are of paramount importance. In this review, the fundamentals of gas‐diffusion electrodes are briefly presented. Then, the most recent advances in developing high‐performance CO2 reduction using gas‐diffusion electrodes are overviewed. Reactor engineering aiming at enhancing productivity, energy efficiency, CO2 single‐pass utilization, and operating lifetime is further discussed. Challenges in developing CO2 electroreduction systems are included. The prospects for advancing CO2 electroreduction toward practical applications are also narrated.

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Comparative evaluation of liquid–liquid equilibria for extraction of 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoro‐1‐propanol from water by a ZIF‐8‐porous ionic liquid
Authors: Fan Wenyang , He Shanshan , Wang Zenghui , Zhao Pingping , Gao Jun , Xu Dongmei , Wang Yinglong
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

2,2,3,3‐Tetrafluoro‐1‐propanol (TFP) is a benign solvent and widely used in the electronics industry as a cleaning agent. Because water and TFP can form an azeotropic mixture, it consumes energy to separate TFP from its aqueous mixtures using conventional distillation.

RESULTS

In this work, the zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 porous ionic liquid (ZIF‐8‐PIL) and the ionic liquid (IL) N‐butyl pyridinium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imide ([Bpy][NTf2]) are used as extractants to extract TFP from its aqueous solution. ZIF‐8‐PIL was synthesized by ZIF‐8 and IL [Bpy][NTf2]. The liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the two systems (water + TFP + ZIF‐8‐PIL/IL) were determined at 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15 K under 101.3 kPa. The selectivity (S) and distribution coefficient (D) were examined to assess the extractive performance of ZIF‐8‐PIL and IL. The non‐random two‐liquid (NRTL) model was applied to fit the tie‐line data of the investigated mixtures.

CONCLUSION

The results demonstrate that ZIF‐8‐PIL is a suitable extractant to separate TFP with values of S and D greater than unity. The NRTL model has better correlation performance for the ternary systems with root mean square deviation lower than 0.01. The obtained parameters satisfy the minimum state of the mixed Gibbs free energy, which indicated that the model parameters are reliable. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
A note on Goldberg's conjecture on total chromatic numbers
Authors: Cao Yan , Chen Guantao , Jing Guangming
Published: November 2021

Let be a multigraph with maximum degree , chromatic index , and total chromatic number . The total coloring conjecture proposed by Behzad and Vizing, independently, states that for a multigraph , where is the multiplicity of . Moreover, Goldberg conjectured that if and noticed the conjecture holds when is an edge‐chromatic critical graph. By assuming the Goldberg–Seymour conjecture, we show that if in this note. Consequently, if and has a spanning edge‐chromatic critical subgraph.
Modified Socratic Method (planned and executed by Takada) for medical education: Grade II Acute Cholecystitis of Tokyo Guidelines 2018 as an example case
Authors: Takada Tadahiro , Isaji Shuji , Yoshida Masahiro , Horiguchi Akihiko , Ando Hisami , Miyakawa Shuichi , Kiriyama Seiki , Gomi Harumi , Mukai Shuntaro , Higuchi Ryota , Abe Yuta , Okamoto Kohji , Suzuki Kenji , Toyota Naoyuki , Hori Shutaro , Homma Yuki , Kato Hiroyuki , Umezawa Akiko , Hata Jiro , Inoue Dai , Kobayashi Motoyuki , Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Maruo Hirotoshi , Kumamoto Yusuke , Asano Yukio , Kondo Yuka , Arakawa Satoshi , Asai Koji , Mori Yasuhisa , Nagamachi Yukiko , Mizuno Shugo , Yagi Shintaro , Ohyama Tetsuji , Misawa Takeyuki , Sano Keiji , Itoi Takao , Taniai Nobuhiko , Unno Michiaki , Yamamoto Masakazu , Mayumi Toshihiko
Published: November 2021

Background

Socratic method, which is an educational method to promote critical thinking through a dialogue, has never been practiced in a large number of people at the academic societies.

Methods

Modified Socratic method was performed for the first time as an educational seminar using an example case of moderate acute cholecystitis based on the evidence described in Tokyo Guidelines 2018. We adopted a method that Takada had been modifying for many years: the instructor first knows the degree of recognition of the audience, then the instructor gives a lecture in an easy‐to‐understand manner and receives questions from the audience, followed by repeated questions and answers toward a common recognition.

Results

Using slides, video, and an answer pad, 281 participants including the audience, instructors and moderators came together to repeatedly ask and answer questions in the five sessions related to the case scenario. The recognition rate of the topic of Critical View of Safety increased significantly before vs after this method (53.0% vs 90.3%). The seminar had been successfully performed by receiving a lot of praise from the participants.

Conclusion

This educational method is considered to be adopted by many academic societies in the future as an effective educational method.
Erdafitinib’s effect on serum phosphate justifies its pharmacodynamically guided dosing in patients with cancer
Authors: Dosne Anne‐Gaëlle , Valade Elodie , Stuyckens Kim , De Porre Peter , Avadhani Anjali , O’Hagan Anne , Li Lilian Y. , Ouellet Daniele , Faelens Ruben , Leirens Quentin , Poggesi Italo , Perez Ruixo Juan Jose
Published: November 2021

A population pharmacokinetic (PK)–pharmacodynamic (PD) model was developed using data from 345 patients with cancer. The population PK‐PD model evaluated the effect of erdafitinib total and free plasma concentrations on serum phosphate concentrations after once‐daily oral continuous (0.5–12 mg) and intermittent (10–12 mg for 7 days on/7 days off) dosing, and investigated the potential covariates affecting erdafitinib‐related changes in serum phosphate levels. Phosphate is used as a biomarker for erdafitinib's efficacy and safety: increases in serum phosphate were observed after dosing with erdafitinib, which were associated with fibroblast growth factor receptor target engagement via inhibition of renal fibroblast growth factor 23–mediated signaling. PK‐PD model‐based simulations were performed to assess the approved PD‐guided dosing algorithm of erdafitinib (8 mg once‐daily continuous dosing, with up‐titration to 9 mg based on phosphate levels [<5.5 mg/dl] and tolerability at 14–21 days of treatment). The serum phosphate concentrations increased after the first dose and reached near maximal level after 14 days of continuous treatment. Serum phosphate increased with erdafitinib free drug concentrations: doubling the free concentration resulted in a 1.8‐fold increase in drug‐related phosphate changes. Dose adjustment after at least 14 days of dosing was supported by achievement of >95% maximal serum phosphate concentration. The peak‐to‐trough fluctuation within a dosing interval was limited for serum phosphate concentrations (5.68–5.65 mg/dl on Day 14), supporting phosphate monitoring at any time relative to dosing. Baseline phosphate was higher in women, otherwise, none of the investigated covariate–parameter relationships were considered clinically relevant. Simulations suggest that the starting dose of 8‐mg with up‐titration to 9‐mg on Days 14–21 maximized the number of patients within the target serum phosphate concentrations (5.5–7 mg/dl) while limiting the number of treatment interruptions. The findings from the PK‐PD model provided a detailed understanding of the erdafitinib concentration‐related phosphate changes over time, which supports erdafitinib's dosing algorithm.