bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generation of PLASE score for patent ductus arteriosus using the PLASE study database
Authors: Masutani Satoshi , Isayama Tetsuya , Kobayashi Tohru , Pak Kyongsun , Tomotaki Seiichi , Iwami Hiroko , Yokoyama Takehiko , Toyoshima Katsuaki ,   On behalf of the PLASE (Patent ductus arteriosus and Left Atrial Size Evaluation in preterm infants) study group investigators,   Steering committee, Nagasawa Hiroyuki , Kawasaki Hidenori ,   PLASE study office,   Data coordinating center, Su Chemin ,   Statistical center, Inoue Eisuke , Mikami Masashi ,   Clinical investigators, Matsumura Shun , Nakayama Atsushi , Tachibana Takashi , Toyoshima Katsuaki , Ikeda Toshifumi , Okada Naoko , Okazaki Kaoru , Yamamoto Yutaka , Honda Akane , Matsumoto Atsushi , Amari Shoichiro , Masumoto Kenichi , Onishi Satoshi , Iwami Hiroko , Yamaura Miki , Sato Masahiko , Shiraishi Jun , Kamamoto Tomoyuki , Nakata Yusei , Nii Mitsumaro , Aoyama Aiko , Yamamoto Masahito , Kitano Hiroyuki , Sugiura Hiroshi , Yanagi Takahide , Saito Tomoko , Iwashima Satoru , Ishikawa Takamichi , Hayashi Tomohiro , Ishii Hiroki , Suganami Yusuke , Tanaka Kenichi , Nakao Atsushi , Kobayashi Masaki , Miyata Masafumi , Sato Yoshiaki , Yutaka Nanae , Ohashi Atsushi , Fuke Tomoko , Miwa Masayuki , Kato Takenori , Kato Shin
Published: February 2025

Background

No echocardiographic model, to the best of our knowledge, has been established to predict the future need for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) surgery. This study aimed to develop a novel predictive score (PLASE score) for anticipating the need for PDA surgery using the PLASE study database.

Methods

The included infants with gestational age (GA) < 30 weeks were allocated to derivation and validation groups (2:1). Logistic regression models were constructed to predict the future need for PDA surgery utilizing three clinical and three echocardiographic indices measured at 3 days of age as candidate variables. ROC-AUCs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained by 3-fold cross-validation and the percentile method, respectively. The model with the largest ROC-AUC was tested in the validation data.

Results

Derivation and validation data included 463 and 229 patients, respectively, with 55 and 22 surgical cases, respectively. The ROC-AUC was maximized in the model using GA and all three echocardiographic indices (0.846 [95% CI, 0.805–0.886]). In the validation data, the ROC-AUC for the same model was 0.827 (0.744–0.911).

Conclusions

We created a surgical prediction model using simple indices at 3 days of age, and the validation data demonstrated good predictive ability.

Impact

No early predictive model has been established for the future need of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) surgery in preterm infants.

A new prediction model was created with the Patent ductus arteriosus and Left Atrial Size Evaluation study in preterm infants (PLASE) database (N = 692), incorporating gestational age and three simple echocardiographic indices measured at 3 days of age. The model demonstrates high discrimination and calibration.

This model provides risk stratification for preterm PDA and may contribute to early preterm management.
Normative data for dimensions of the frontal and infraorbital nerves
Authors: Tong Jessica Y. , Sung Jeffrey , Rana Khizar , Chan WengOnn , Psaltis Alkis J. , Selva Dinesh
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To present a series of normative measurements for the width of the frontal and infraorbital nerve branches of V1 and V2, respectively.

Methods

Cadaveric dissection study of 15 embalmed cadaver heads (30 orbits). The frontal nerve was excised en bloc from the superior orbital rim to the superior orbital fissure. Similarly, the infraorbital nerve was excised en bloc from the inferior orbital rim to the orbital apex. Measurements were recorded of the maximal width of the frontal nerve, infraorbital nerve within the orbital floor, and pterygopalatine segment of the maxillary nerve. Any value greater than 2 standard deviations (SD) above the mean value, was defined as nerve enlargement.

Results

The mean transverse diameter of the frontal nerve was 2.27 ± 0.66 mm (1 SD). The mean transverse diameter of the infraorbital nerve branch, and the maxillary nerve within the pterygopalatine fossa, was 3.31 ± 0.68 mm (1 SD) and 3.59 ± 0.76 mm (1 SD), respectively. The upper limit of normal, defined as 2 SD above the mean value, for the widths of the frontal nerve, infraorbital nerve, and pterygopalatine segment of V2 widths were 3.59 mm, 4.67 mm, and 5.10 mm, respectively.

Conclusions

The frontal and infraorbital nerves are implicated in various inflammatory and neoplastic orbital pathologies. Defining the normative data for width is important to compare with pathological states.
Flavones enrich rhizosphere Pseudomonas to enhance nitrogen utilization and secondary root growth in Populus
Authors: Wu Jiadong , Liu Sijia , Zhang Haoyu , Chen Sisi , Si Jingna , Liu Lin , Wang Yue , Tan Shuxian , Du Yuxin , Jin Zhelun , Xie Jianbo , Zhang Deqiang
Published: February 2025

Plant growth behavior is a function of genetic network architecture. The importance of root microbiome variation driving plant functional traits is increasingly recognized, but the genetic mechanisms governing this variation are less studied. Here, we collect roots and rhizosphere soils from nine Populus species belonging to four sections (Leuce, Aigeiros, Tacamahaca, and Turanga), generate metabolite and transcription data for roots and microbiota data for rhizospheres, and conduct comprehensive multi-omics analyses. We demonstrate that the roots of vigorous Leuce poplar enrich more Pseudomonas, compared with the poorly performing poplar. Moreover, we confirm that Pseudomonas is strongly associated with tricin and apigenin biosynthesis and identify that gene GLABRA3 (GL3) is critical for tricin secretion. The elevated tricin secretion via constitutive transcription of PopGL3 and Chalcone synthase (PopCHS4) can drive Pseudomonas colonization in the rhizosphere and further enhance poplar growth, nitrogen acquisition, and secondary root development in nitrogen-poor soil. This study reveals that plant-metabolite-microbe regulation patterns contribute to the poplar fitness and thoroughly decodes the key regulatory mechanisms of tricin, and provides insights into the interactions of the plant’s key metabolites with its transcriptome and rhizosphere microbes.
Molecular self-assembly strategy tuning a dry crosslinking protein patch for biocompatible and biodegradable haemostatic sealing
Authors: Yu Lisha , Liu Zhaodi , Zheng Yong , Tong Zongrui , Ding Yihang , Wang Weilin , Ding Yuan , Mao Zhengwei
Published: February 2025

Uncontrolled haemorrhage is a leading cause of trauma-related fatalities, highlighting the critical need for rapid and effective haemostasis. Current haemostatic materials encounter limitations such as slow clotting and weak mechanical strength, while most of bioadhesives compromise their adhesion performance to wet tissues for biocompatibility and degradability. In this study, a molecular self-assembly strategy is proposed, developing a biocompatible and biodegradable protein-based patch with excellent adhesion performance. This strategy utilizes fibrinogen modified with hydrophobic groups to induce self-assembly into a hydrogel, which is converted into a dry patch. The protein patch enhances adhesion performance on the wet tissue through a dry cross-linking method and robust intra/inter-molecular interactions. This patch demonstrates excellent haemostatic efficacy in  both porcine oozing wound and porcine severe acute haemorrhage. It maintains biological functionality, and ensures sustained wound sealing while gradually degrading in vivo, making it a promising candidate for clinical tissue sealing applications.
Comparative performance of tuberculin and defined-antigen cocktails for detecting bovine tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated cattle in natural settings
Authors: Fromsa Abebe , Conlan Andrew J. K. , Srinivasan Sreenidhi , Gumi Balako , Bedada Wegene , Zeleke Miserach , Worku Dawit , Lakew Matios , Tadesse Biniam , Bayissa Berecha , Sirak Asegedech , Abdela Musse Girma , Mekonnen Getnet Abie , Chibssa Tesfaye , Veerasami Maroudam , Jones Gareth J. , Vordermeier H. Martin , Juleff Nick , Wood James L. N. , Ameni Gobena , Kapur Vivek
Published: February 2025

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a threat to cattle health and public safety. The current control programs are hampered by wildlife reservoirs and socioeconomic barriers. Vaccinating cattle with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) effectively reduces transmission, offering a potential solution for controlling bTB. A key requirement for vaccination strategies using BCG is the validation of defined antigens to differentiate infections among vaccinated animals (DIVA). We compared tuberculin with DIVA peptide cocktails (ESAT-6, CFP-10, and Rv3615c) in 67 unvaccinated and 67 BCG-vaccinated cattle exposed to M. bovis in a natural setting. The cattle were tested every 4 months with a skin test and every 2 months with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRA) over a year of exposure. Before exposure, the DIVA skin, DIVA IGRA, and tuberculin tests showed 100% specificity in unvaccinated control calves. After exposure, the DIVA skin, DIVA IGRA, and comparative cervical tuberculin (CCT) tests had comparable sensitivities of 46% (95% CI 36, 56), 45% (95% CI 35, 55), and 47 (95% CI 37, 57), respectively, when assessed against animals positive by M. bovis culture PCR. The results suggest that test-and-slaughter control strategies using tests with low sensitivity are not expected to be effective in controlling bTB in high-prevalence herds, and highlight an urgent need to improve the sensitivity of diagnostic tests for bTB in these settings.
Direct current electrical fields inhibit cancer cell motility in microchannel confinements
Authors: Naggay Benjamin Karem , Farahani Saeed Khomeijani , Gao Xu , Holle Andrew , Kemkemer Ralf
Published: February 2025

The capability of cells to sense and respond to endogenous electrical fields plays a crucial role in processes like nerve regeneration, wound healing, and development. In vitro, many cell types respond to electrical fields by migrating along the corresponding electrical field vectors. This process is known as galvano- or electrotaxis. Here we report on the combined impact of micro-confinements and direct current electrical fields (dcEFs) on the motility of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells using a self-developed, easy-to-use platform with microchannels ranging from 3 

$$\upmu$$

μ

m to 11 

$$\upmu$$

μ

m in width and 11 

$$\upmu$$

μ

m height. We found that MDA-MB-231 cells respond to exogenous electrical fields ranging from 100 mV mm

$$^{-1}$$

-
1

to 1000 mV mm

$$^{-1}$$

-
1

with altered cell motility depending on the confinement size. Our data show an overall inhibited galvanotaxis in confinements, while in contrast an enhancing effect in unconfined galvanotaxis is found. The application of direct current electrical fields to microchannels not only caused a reduction in migration speed but also decreased the number of permeating cells. By applying 1000 mV mm

$$^{-1}$$

-
1

, single-cell permeation could be prevented in confinements of 5 

$$\upmu$$

μ

m and smaller.
Associations between nonrestorative sleep and suicidal ideation: a Japanese general population survey
Authors: Yamada Kouju , Kaneko Yoshiyuki , Konno Chisato , Furihata Ryuji , Otsuka Yuichiro , Kaneita Yoshitaka , Uchiyama Makoto , Suzuki Masahiro
Published: February 2025

Insomnia symptoms and short sleep duration are known to be associated with suicidal ideation. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between nonrestorative sleep (NRS), a subjective experience of feeling unrefreshed after waking up, and suicidal ideation in the general population. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional survey of 2559 randomly sampled adults living in Japan. The participants were asked about insomnia symptoms (difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, and early morning awakening), NRS, sleep duration, and the presence of suicidal ideation. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations among short sleep duration (< 6 h), insomnia symptoms, NRS, and suicidal ideation. Possible confounding factors were adjusted using propensity scores. In the multivariate analysis adjusting for the confounding effects of other sleep-related factors, in addition to psychiatric, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors, only NRS showed a positive association with suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.266). These findings suggest the importance of focusing on NRS for suicide prevention in the general population.
The effects of Thymus capitatus essential oil topical application on milk quality: a systems biology approach
Authors: Nehme Ralph , Gini Chiara , Vanbergue Elise , Even Sergine , Biscarini Filippo , Andrés Sonia , Rault Lucie , Noel Faustine , Hardit Valerie , Bouhallab Said , Pereira David M. , Ksouri Riadh , Roussel Philippe , López Secundino , Cremonesi Paola , Castiglioni Bianca , Caruso Donatella , Faré Fiorenza , Fontana Manuela , Ceciliani Fabrizio , Abdennebi-Najar Latifa
Published: February 2025

Essential oils (EO) are known for their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and can be used as an alternative to reduce the reliance on antimicrobials in dairy cattle. While many studies have explored the beneficial properties of EO in vitro, their effects on milk quality and milk microbiota, when applied directly to the udder skin, remain relatively unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Thymus capitatus essential oil (TCEO), known for its high antibacterial and antioxidant properties, on milk microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing, the lipidomic profile via liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, udder skin microbiota, and inflammatory biomarkers of dairy cows at the end of lactation. Sixteen-quarters of 12 Holstein cows were selected, and TCEO was topically applied to the udder skin twice a day for 7 days. Milk was collected aseptically on days 0, 7, 21, and 28 before morning farm milking. The results showed no significant changes in microbiota composition after the EO treatment in alpha and beta diversity or taxonomical composition at the phylum and genus levels. TCEO induced limited changes in the milk lipidome, primarily affecting diacylglycerols at T21. The treatment did not affect inflammatory biomarkers, milk sensory properties, or quality. Our study is the first to demonstrate that a local application of 10% TCEO on cow’s quarters does not significantly alter milk quality or microbiota composition in milk and skin. More studies should be conducted to ensure the safe use of TCEO in dairy cows and explore its potential benefits on antibiotic-resistant bacteria as an alternative or support for antibiotic therapy.
Tunnel face stability in strata rich in water with soft upper and hard lower layers
Authors: Zhan Tao , Hu Ziwei , Kuang Yan , Zhu Zhiliang , Liao Kaiyi
Published: February 2025

When a shield tunnel is excavated in water-rich strata with soft upper and hard lower layers, the failure mode of the tunnel face may shift from an overall failure mode to a partial failure mode. To address this issue, three-dimensional discrete failure mechanisms for both partial and overall failure modes are established on the basis of the upper bound theorem and spatial discretization techniques. The influence of pore water pressure is also considered, leading to the development of a method for calculating the critical support force of tunnel faces in such strata, while taking into account both failure modes and the effects of groundwater. Through parameter analysis, factors such as the tunnel diameter, proportion of soft soil, stratum cohesion, and pore water pressure coefficient significantly influence the tunnel face failure mode. A comprehensive critical support force, which takes both partial and overall failure modes into account, is proposed. The parameter analysis reveals that this comprehensive critical support force exhibits complex variations under the influence of multiple parameters. At the same time, a method is proposed to determine the upper and lower bounds of the ultimate support force, based on the calculation results under no seepage and free seepage conditions at the excavation face. The entire method provides a valuable reference for the stability analysis of tunnel faces in water-rich strata with soft upper and hard lower layers.
Characterization of paleodrainages in desert regions of Saudi Arabia multisatellite images with field based study
Authors: Al Saud Mashael M.
Published: February 2025

In Saudi Arabia, a number of linear geomorphological features with uncertain origin have been observed from space, but they do not belong to any existed drainage systems. They are ancient watercourses carried water in the past during the Holocene deluge, and they were affected by global climate change and geological processes turning them into dry and buried channels filled by sediments, and these are described as “Paleodrainages”. This study investigated these features primarily based on the integration of multi-satellite images including SRTM DEM for generating stream networks, ALOS-PALSAR which is capable to penetrate the surficial materials, and ASTER for detecting thermal differentiation in terrain surface. The novelty of this study includes the use of more than one satellite images (optical and microwave) with various spectral and optical characteristics, and this has been supported by field verification to investigate the lithological facies of stuffed materials into the detected paleodrainages, plus the classification performed for the detected paleodrainages and this has never been implemented in previous studies. Hydro-geomorphological-based categorization of these paleodrainages was carried out, indicating the majority of SW-NE trending and the presence of routes, unconsolidated sediments and rocks. From the hydrological point of view, these paleodrainages are potential for groundwater storage; and they can be also suitable sites for artificial groundwater recharge; be-sides they represent routs for saltwater intrusion on-land; and these science-based clues represent supportive element for better water resources management in Saudi Arabia.
An electrochemical bio-electronic tongue based on borophene/PPy@ITO hybrid for selective caffeine identification
Authors: Ahmed Shahzad , Ansari Arshiya , De Bibekananda , Mukherjee Subrata , Negi Devendra Singh , Ranjan Pranay
Published: February 2025

A cost-efficient borophene/PPy@ITO electrode enables highly sensitive caffeine detection with a broad linear range and low detection limit, ideal for beverage and pharmaceutical applications.
mRNA delivery with templated dynamic covalent polymers
Authors: Coll José García , Ali Lamiaa M. A. , Montenegro Javier , Bettache Nadir , Ulrich Sébastien
Published: February 2025

Amphiphilic dynamic covalent polymer vectors formed in situ through RNA-templating deliver mRNA in cells.
The large electrical-resistance enhancement of piezoelectric single crystals Sr3Ga2Ge4O14 by compensating for vacancy defects with the doping of high-valence Sm3+ ions
Authors: Tian Zhongjun , Jiang Linwen , Sun Zhigang , Yang Chen , Zhou Qiang , Shang Liping , Zheng Yanqing
Published: February 2025

The Sr2+ lattice of the SGG crystal is replaced with high-valence Sm3+ with a close radius to improve its high-temperature resistivity and to obtain more stable electroelastic properties.
Magnetic quantum phase transition extension in strained P-doped graphene
Authors: Cortés Natalia , Hernández-Tecorralco J. , Meza-Montes L. , de Coss R. , Vargas Patricio
Published: February 2025

At T = 0 K a magnetic quantum phase transition (MQPT) driven by a sp3 to sp2 hybridization change, extents to finite temperatures in strained P-doped graphene.
Low-temperature NO conversion with NH3 over cerium-doped MWW derivatives activated with copper species
Authors: Jankowska Aleksandra , Fidowicz Klaudia , Rutkowska Małgorzata , Kowalczyk Andrzej , Michalik Marek , Chmielarz Lucjan
Published: February 2025

The synergistic interaction of cerium–copper species together with fast-SCR reaction influenced their activity in low-temperature NO conversion.
Highly efficient supported catalysts based on Zr-containing polyoxometalates and multiwalled carbon nanotubes for selective oxidation of thioethers with H2O2
Authors: Lopatkin Vladimir A. , Evtushok Vasilii Yu. , Stonkus Olga A. , Kibis Lidiya S. , Podyacheva Olga Yu. , Kholdeeva Oxana A.
Published: February 2025

Zr-containing polyoxometalates supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes provide efficient and reusable catalysts for selective oxidation of thioethers with H2O2.
Blue-light photodegradation of ferricyanide under protein relevant conditions
Authors: Murton Patrick D. F. , Timmel Christiane R. , Mackenzie Stuart R. , Rodríguez-Maciá Patricia
Published: February 2025

Blue light photo-induced degradation of ferricyanide under protein relevant conditions shows different solvent–ligand exchange and ligand to metal charge transfer. The presence of glycerol appears to result in more photostable products.
Encapsulation of fish oil in natural wax-based solid lipid particles using supercritical carbon dioxide: a green strategy to develop stable powder fish oil
Authors: Sezer Okur Purlen , Ciftci Deniz , Ciftci Ozan N.
Published: February 2025

SC-CO2 assisted particle formation method resulted in stable powder fish oil formulation in an easy and efficient way.
Induction of endotoxin tolerance in murine monocyte and macrophage cell populations – optimal LPS dose and compartment-specific reversal by β-glucan
Authors: Moerings Bart G. J. , Govers Coen , van Bergenhenegouwen Jeroen , Mes Jurriaan J. , van Dijk Miriam , Witkamp Renger F. , van Norren Klaske , Abbring Suzanne
Published: February 2025

Dietary β-glucan has the potential to selectively counteract LPS-induced immunosuppression.
Human milk peptide MAMP-1 alleviates necrotizing enterocolitis via inhibition of the TLR4-mediated PI3K-AKT-NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Long Rui , Lu Shimei , Chen Xiuhui , Ye Weijun , Wang Tengfei , Wang Xingyun , Xu Fengdan , Li Ning
Published: February 2025

MAMP-1 is a polypeptide derived from breast milk. It has a protective effect on the intestines of mice with necrotizing enterocolitis through the TLR4/PI3K/AKT/NFκB signaling pathway and positively regulates the gut microbiota.
Tunable selective electrochemical selenization of tetrahydroquinolines with diselenides
Authors: Zong Lan-Xi , Tan Yu-Fang , Yang Yu-Hao , He Yan-Hong , Guan Zhi
Published: February 2025

An electrochemical method for selenylating tetrahydroquinolines with diselenides is presented. By tuning reaction conditions, C-3 selenylated quinolines and C-6 selenylated tetrahydroquinolines can be selectively synthesized with excellent outcomes.
Identification of a novel allosteric binding site on the catalytic domain of NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK)
Authors: Anderson Jared J. , Harki Daniel A.
Published: February 2025

NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is an essential enzyme in the non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathway and a promising drug target. Here, electrophilic fragment 2 is used to identify a novel allosteric binding site on NIK.
Self-assembled monolayers for tin perovskite solar cells: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Yan Pengyu , Wu Cheng , Yao Huanhuan , Qiu Hongju , Hao Feng
Published: February 2025

This review explores the potential of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as a solution to mitigate the voltage deficits in tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs).
Ru(ii)-catalyzed carbonylation reaction using ketosulfoxonium ylide as the carbonyl source: synthesis of indazolo-phthalazinetriones and indazolo-indazolediones
Authors: Sonowal Priya , Bhorali Pratiksha , Kalita Deep J. , Khundrakpam Supriya , Bora Bidisha R. , Gogoi Sanjib
Published: February 2025

The first use of sulfoxonium ylide as a CO surrogate is reported for the synthesis of indazolo-phthalazinetriones and indazolo-indazolediones in the presence of air.
Triblock architecture and PEG hydrophilic blocks enable efficient thermogelation of poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazine)-based worm-gels
Authors: Ziegler Anna-Lena , Kerr Andrew , Kaps Florian T. , Luxenhofer Robert
Published: February 2025

Copolymers of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline and 2-phenyl-2-oxazine-based copolymers with different architectures and a triblock copolymer of polyethylene glycol and poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazine) are introduced and assessed regarding their thermogelation.
Stable self-powered X-ray detection with a low detection limit using a green halide hybrid perovskite ferroelectric crystal
Authors: Wang Yueying , Guan Qianwen , Zhu Zeng-Kui , Ye Huang , Li Hang , Zeng Ying , Yu Panpan , Yang Huawei , Wu Wenhui , Luo Junhua
Published: February 2025

The remarkable FE-PV effect driven stable and self-powered X-ray detection in a green halide hybrid ferroelectric crystal [H2mdap]BiBr5 with relatively high sensitivity, a low detection limit, and good stability, advancing towards safer and more stable X-ray detection.
Modulating melting points in micellar cores: influence of the corona chain length on the core confinement in binary mixed block copolymer micelles
Authors: Szostak Szymon Mikołaj , König Nico , Willner Lutz , Lund Reidar
Published: February 2025

We have investigated the detailed structure and the effect of confinement on the thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures of n-octacosyl-poly(ethylene oxide), C28-PEO, micelles with different PEO block lengths.
High-efficiency organic–silicon heterojunction solar cells with high work function PEDOT:F-based hole-selective contacts
Authors: Lou Xinliang , Bi Qunyu , Diao Yifan , Wu Zhao , Gao Kun , Wang Xinyu , Xu Dacheng , Wang Jing , Lin Hong , Xie Junjie , Li Kun , Li Wenhao , Wang Shibo , Shi Wei , Cao Fengxian , Xing Chunfang , Li Wenhao , Wu Xiaofeng , Hu Tengyue , Guo Ruxin , Shen Weiyu , Yang Niuwa , Tian Hao , Xiao Chuanxiao , Xu Guifang , Zhang Xiaohong , Yang Xinbo
Published: February 2025

Yang and co-workers report a high-performance PEDOT:F-based hole-selective contact for silicon solar cells, achieving a record efficiency of 21.6% in organic–silicon heterojunction solar cells while demonstrating good environmental stability.
Non-diffusive behavior of aluminum and yttrium dopants in ZrO2/Al2O3 and ZrO2/Y2O3 bilayer thin films
Authors: Seo Haengha , Shin Jonghoon , Park Han Sol , Kim Tae Kyun , Paik Heewon , Song Haewon , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: February 2025

The primary driving force for Al and Y dopant diffusion in nano-scale ZrO2 thin films is the reduction of grain boundary energy through the formation of through-grains, rather than the concentration gradient.
Structural design and controlled fabrication of advanced airflow sensors
Authors: Jiang Qinyuan , Leu Khaixien , Wang Fei , Li Run , Wang Kangkang , Zhao Yanlong , Xi Aike , Zang Yonglu , Zhang Rufan
Published: February 2025

Airflow sensors are in huge demand in many fields such as the aerospace industry, weather forecasting, environmental monitoring, chemical and biological engineering, health monitoring, wearable smart devices, etc.
Correction: Unveiling the potential of Cu–Pd/CdS catalysts to supply and rectify electron transfer for H2 generation from water splitting
Authors: Hussain Ejaz , Idrees Memuna , Jalil Muhammad , Abid Muhammad Zeeshan , Aljohani Khalid , Rafiq Khezina
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Unveiling the potential of Cu–Pd/CdS catalysts to supply and rectify electron transfer for H2 generation from water splitting’ by Ejaz Hussain et al., Nanoscale, 2025, 17, 3436–3450, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr03381g.
Small RNA-mediated suppression of sex chromosome meiotic conflicts during Drosophila male gametogenesis
Authors: Vedanayagam Jeffrey
Published: February 2025

Meiosis is an evolutionarily conserved process in eukaryotes that ensures equal segregation of alleles and chromosomes during reproduction. Although parity in allelic transmission is the norm, selfish genes such as meiotic drivers can violate Mendel’s first law of segregation. Sex chromosome drive is a form of meiotic drive that leads to unequal segregation of sex chromosomes, resulting in sex-ratio distortion and/or sterility in the offspring. Adverse fitness effects due to sex chromosome drive trigger the evolution of suppressors to restore Mendelian segregation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which suppressors emerge and counteract meiotic drive genes remain unclear. Recent studies from Drosophila have shed light on the critical roles of small RNA-mediated post-transcriptional silencing in mitigating sex chromosome meiotic conflicts. This review highlights the recruitment of two distinct small RNA pathways to combat intragenomic conflicts during male gametogenesis and seeks to reveal the impact of molecular arms races between meiotic drivers and their suppressors in shaping genome and sex chromosome evolution.
Networked disobedience to smart city development: The case of Hong Kong
Authors: Ting Tin‐Yuet
Published: February 2025

When urban landscapes erupt into civil unrests, smart technologies that are intended to help preserve social order may become prime sites of contention. Integrating critical data studies and research on networked social movements, this article examines the underexplored contours of networked disobedience to smart city development – that is, direct action by self‐mobilised and self‐organised digitally connected citizens and activists to subvert or disrupt the dominant structure of the datafied smart city – during a large‐scale protest movement. The case of Hong Kong's smart lampposts is analysed to explicate a distinct technopolitical contention that emerged in the digital age, focusing on three key aspects: (1) citizens' digital curation of folk theories, which perpetuated a consensus of discontent over the installation of smart city technology, (2) the articulation of a digitised network of counter‐power that provided a mediation opportunity structure for mobilisation and intervention, and (3) the crowdsourcing of disobedient practices of data activism aimed at sabotaging or evading the smart city technology. The article illustrates how seemingly ordinary issues of urban datafication can be repurposed to (re)produce political contention and the ways in which controversies over smart city development may fuel adversarial citizen–state engagement with repercussions for data‐driven urban governance.
25 years of XMM-Newton observations of the Sgr A complex. 3D distribution and internal structure of the clouds
Authors: Stel Giovanni , Ponti Gabriele , Haardt Francesco , Sormani Mattia
Published: February 2025

the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, is currently very faint. However, X-ray radiation reflected by the Sgr A complex, a group of nearby molecular clouds, suggests that it went through one or more periods of high activity some hundreds of years ago. We aim to determine whether previously proposed physical scenarios are consistent with the observed X-ray variability over the past 25 years. Furthermore, we seek to characterize the spatial distribution, shape, and internal structure of the clouds. We exploited the whole set of available observations of the Sgr A complex to date, extending the previously studied dataset on variability by at least 12 years. Starting from the recent Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer result that places the so-called Bridge cloud 26 pc behind we reconstructed the line of sight (LOS) position of the remaining clouds in the molecular complex, assuming that they were illuminated by a single flare. Additionally, we derived the probability density function (PDF) of the molecular density. We also studied the 3D geometry of the complex in case two flares illuminate the clouds. As of spring 2024, the lightfront is still illuminating the Sgr A complex, with the Bridge currently being the brightest cloud. The other clouds in the complex have faded significantly. In the single flare scenario, the Sgr A complex is located ≃ 25 pc behind In the past 25 years, the illuminated region spans 10-15 pc along the LOS. The derived PDF of the molecular hydrogen exhibits a roughly log-normal distribution, consistent with previous results, with a potential excess at the high-density end. Both a single flare and a multiple flares scenario can explain the observed X-ray variability. Previous concerns about the single flare scenario, raised by shorter monitoring, are now overcome in the 25 years of monitoring. If two flares illuminate the clouds, they must be separated by at least ∼ 30 years. We speculate that these clouds are closer to than the nuclear molecular ring at ≃ 100 - 200 pc and are possibly drifting from the ring to the inner region of the Galaxy.
Exploring active galactic nuclei and little red dots with the Obelisk simulation
Authors: Volonteri M. , Trebitsch M. , Greene J. E. , Dubois Y. , Dong-Paez C.-A. , Habouzit M. , Lupi A. , Ma Y. , Beckmann R. S. , Dayal P. , Schneider R.
Published: February 2025

The James Webb Space telescope has discovered an abundant population of broad line emitters, typical signposts for Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Many of these sources have red colors and a compact appearance that has led to them being named “little red dots”. In this paper, we develop a detailed framework to estimate the photometry of AGNs embedded in galaxies extracted from the OBELISK cosmological simulation to understand the properties of color-selected little red dots (cLRDs) in the context of the full AGN and massive black hole population. We find that using realistic spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and attenuation for AGNs we can explain the shape of the cLRD SED as long as galaxies host a sufficiently luminous AGN that is neither overly attenuated nor too little attenuated. When attenuation is too low or too high, AGNs do not enter the cLRD selection, because the AGN dominates over the host galaxy too much in blue filters, or it does not contribute to photometry anywhere, respectively. cLRDs are also characterized by high Eddington ratios, possibility super-Eddington ones, and/or high ratios between the black hole and the stellar mass.
Overview of the XI International Conference on Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development (AGRITECH-XI 2025)
Authors: Sahoo Jajati Keshari , Abrorov Akbar , Beshimov Yusuf , Kadirov Yorkin , Kovalev Igor
Published: February 2025

The Volume presents the proceedings of the 10th Anniversary International Conference on Advanced Agritechnologies, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development – AGRITECH-XI-2025. The conference brought together experts in the fields of high-tech geochemical, geological, geophysical, and information technologies in agriculture; energy, oil, and gas engineering; environmental management and engineering; mining and soil processing technologies; food production and sustainable systems of food technologies; environmental safety, green technologies, and natural resources.
Cigarette butts as a source of urban ecosystem pollution
Authors: Lykov Igor N.
Published: February 2025

Cigarette butts are the most common form of litter. About 4.5 trillion cigarette butts are thrown away worldwide each year, polluting various ecosystems. Many chemicals are used in the process of growing tobacco and producing cigarettes. More than 4,000 chemicals can enter the environment during smoking and through cigarette butts. Cigarette filters are also a major source of microplastics that enter the environment and have a negative impact on living organisms. This article provides an analytical review of studies on the toxicity of cigarette butt filtrate. Long-term information on the dynamics of cigarette sales in stores in Kaluga was collected, and the density of discarded cigarette butts in different areas of the city was analyzed. An uneven distribution of cigarette butts across Kaluga was revealed. The highest concentration of cigarette butts is observed near public transport stops, supermarkets, markets and grocery stores, around benches in recreation areas. Smoked and unsmoked cigarette filters were used to assess toxicity using the automated biotechnical system “Biolat-2”. Tetrahymena pyriformis infusoria cultures were used as test organisms. The test results showed the toxicity of cigarette butts for Tetrahymena pyriformis.
Impact of weed control methods on corn yield and soil fertility conservation
Authors: Radjabov Jamol , Troyanovskaya Irina , Dvoryashina Tatiana , Vanzha Vladimir , Akhtyamova Leisan
Published: February 2025

The study analyzes various weed control methods and their impact on corn yield and soil fertility. The research was conducted in the steppe region, where weed infestation is a major concern for agricultural productivity. Mechanical and chemical treatments were applied across experimental plots to assess their effectiveness in reducing weed biomass and enhancing crop performance. It was determined that uncontrolled weed growth significantly affects pollination and grain productivity of corn, reducing yields by up to 47.8%. The most effective control was achieved by combining herbicides with limited mechanical cultivation, which ensured optimal moisture, nutrient, and light conditions for corn growth. The study also examined the effects of herbicides on soil fertility, noting a positive correlation between reduced weed biomass and improved soil nutrient retention. Overall, the research highlights the importance of integrated weed management practices in sustaining high crop yields while preserving soil health. The results contribute to the ongoing development of sustainable agricultural systems in regions facing similar ecological challenges. The findings suggest that a balanced combination of chemical and mechanical weed control can optimize both crop production and long-term soil fertility.
The effect of air temperature on the growth and development of hemp microgreens grown using aeroponics
Authors: Vetchinnikov Alecsandr , Uromova Irina , Novik Irina , Druzhkova Olga , Dydykina Marina , Zhadaev Artyom
Published: February 2025

This article presents key aspects of a study on the influence of temperature regimes on the growth and quality of hemp microgreens cultivated using the aeroponic method. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions at the Department of Agrochemistry and Agroecology of Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural University, with the analysis of plant material carried out at the “BCE&MO” Department of Minin University. The study utilized a laboratory-scale aeroponic system. The research included four temperature variations (22°C, 24°C, 26°C, and 28°C). It was found that increasing the temperature to 28°C led to a 46% increase in sprout mass and a 44% increase in root mass. However, the macroelement content (N, P2O5, K2O) remained unchanged, indicating insensitivity to temperature variations within this range. At the same time, the elevated temperature caused a 33% reduction in vitamin C content and a 22% decrease in sugar content. These findings highlight the significance of temperature regimes for optimizing the growth and development of microgreens while preserving their nutritional quality.
Quality indicators of granulated compound feed during storage
Authors: Chernyshev Alexey , Kostenko Mikhail , Zhbanov Nikita , Kiryukhin Evgeny , Pоsalina Anastasiya
Published: February 2025

The article deals with the methods of packaging and storage of mixed fodder in different environments, such as storage of mixed fodder in a carbon dioxide environment storage of mixed fodder in a carbon dioxide environment with preliminary disinfection of a polythene bag with nitrogen and storage of mixed fodder in carbon dioxide with the addition of water to the bag. storage of mixed fodder in a carbon dioxide environment with the addition of water. At the same time the process of sampling and further control of the environment in which the agricultural products (mixed fodder) were stored. The result of the research was the determination of changes in indicators quality of mixed fodder and microbiological indicators. It was noted that significant influence on qualitative and microbiological indicators the change of the environment does not have environment does not have a significant effect, but the presence of increased moisture content favours the development of toxin-forming anaerobes.
Modern approaches to image segmentation in agriculture
Authors: Grace Amelia , Kovalev Igor , Kovalev Dmitry , Lukyanov Kirill , Borovinsky Dmitry
Published: February 2025

Image segmentation is one of the key areas in computer vision, as it allows for the identification and isolation of distinct regions, objects or structures within an image, which is critical for subsequent analysis and processing of visual data. This article discusses the fundamental principles, capabilities and limitations of various segmentation methods. Special emphasis is placed on the use of the Python programming language, which, thanks to its rich ecosystem of libraries such as OpenCV, TensorFlow, PyTorch, and scikit-image, has become the standard tool for the development and implementation of computer vision algorithms. The prospects for further development of segmentation technologies are discussed in the context of increasing data volumes and increasing requirements for the accuracy and efficiency of analysis. In the article, practical examples of applying segmentation models in agriculture are also presented.
Research of ferromagnetic inclusions in biological objects using a developed superminiature edge current converter
Authors: Malikov Vladimir , Kistaev Semen , Milkov Vladlen , Zhdanov Evgeny , Vornacheva Irina , Sakhapov Rustem , Yakushev Adel
Published: February 2025

This work focuses on the nondestructive evaluation of specific conductive biomaterials that are currently widely used in the biomedical field. The search for small metal objects embedded in biological tissue is becoming an increasingly urgent task as medical and biological technologies improve. Small metal objects can penetrate the human body during military operations, accidents, man-made and natural disasters. The study focuses on the detection ability of an industrial magnetic field sensor to detect the residual magnetic field of biomaterials under study. The purpose of this work is to develop and test a software and hardware complex, designed on the basis of a subminiature eddy current transducer, and allowing to search, identify and analyze small metal objects located in biological tissues. As a result of the work done, the complex was modified for the task of searching, identifying and analyzing small metal objects located in biological tissues, and a number of experiments were carried out with various metal objects. The capabilities of the measuring system to search for these objects are demonstrated. The developed software and hardware complex is planned to be used in medical equipment, including for searching metal objects in case of injuries to people at work.
Analysis of the application of turmeric in wheat bread technology
Authors: Kaluzhskikh Alexander , Shubkin Sergey
Published: February 2025

The development of products with enhanced nutritional and biological value is a key focus in the food industry. One effective approach is the creation of innovative recipes and technologies for bakery products. This study investigates the potential use of turmeric in wheat bread production and its impact on organoleptic and physicochemical properties. Conducted in 2023 at Southwest State University in Kursk, Russia, the research applied standard methods to evaluate the quality parameters of bread samples. The study identified the optimal concentration of turmeric to enhance physicochemical properties without compromising taste, texture, or appearance. The findings provide a foundation for incorporating turmeric into bread recipes, offering a novel approach to improving the nutritional value of bakery products.
Economic and legal mechanisms for developing innovative production in agricultural engineering enterprises
Authors: Laptev Roman , Kovarda Vladimir
Published: February 2025

The paper presents options for the development of the system of investment financing mechanisms in the field of agricultural machinery based on the possibilities of Russian legislation, taking into account the need to import machinery and technologies. The prospects of using customs procedures in accordance with the EAEU law and national legislation of Russia are studied. The perspectives of this kind of attraction of necessary equipment and technologies in the conditions of high interest rates on loans and sanctions pressure are noted. The authors propose options for the development of the system of investment financing mechanisms in the field of agricultural machinery based on the possibilities of Russian legislation, taking into account the need to import equipment and technology. The prospects of using customs procedures in accordance with the EAEU law and national legislation of Russia are studied. The perspectives of this kind of attraction of necessary equipment and technologies in the conditions of high interest rates on loans and sanctions pressure are noted.
Increasing the energy efficiency of filtering concentrate at a mining enterprise
Authors: Starykh Svetlana , Okorokov Anton , Rastorguev Anton , Taranenko Maxim , Ermolaev Denis
Published: February 2025

The study on improving the accuracy of process control is based on the process of filtering concentrate of the beneficiation plant of a mining enterprise. To fully reflect the importance of the study, it is necessary to identify the shortcomings of the current level of the automated process control system and the possibility of automatic data transfer by the enterprise personnel. The study is based on the principle of microwave moisture metering methodology on the finished product conveyors of the filtration section. It is assumed that the efficiency of the process will be achieved by installing moisture meters on the finished product conveyors, which are based on the flow moisture meters. The implementation of this project will systematize the provision of process personnel with timely information on the current moisture of the final concentrate for timely management decisions on managing the filtration technology as a whole, as well as increase production efficiency by reducing the specific energy consumption of the enterprise.
Study of hydroacoustic signals in aquaculture as a tool to improve fisheries efficiency
Authors: Kartsan Igor , Lutsyshen Vitaly , Nerush Alena , Tuzov Nikolai
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the application of special methods for estimating the informativity of hydroacoustic signals, which will make it possible to study a wide range of oscillatory signals, including multiharmonic and transient ones. In the process of research will be used methods of spectral analysis, cepstral analysis, subband analysis, wavelet analysis and anomaly analysis. These approaches will assist not only in accounting for fish abundance in aquaculture cages, but also in estimating fish health and biomass, which is critical for effective aquaculture resource management.
Prediction by artificial neural networks of wind turbine outages for maintenance to reduce energy losses
Authors: Al-Haidari Zaid Salah , Al-Yaqoubi Diaa Abdel Karim Fakher , Osintsev Konstantin
Published: February 2025

In this study, the Siemens wind turbine was analyzed according to technical pecifications using artificial neuralnetworks, and the possible forecasts of the wind turbine going out of service for maintenance due to mechanical and electrical faults, control systems, and other faults such as disconnection from the electrical network were studied and the role of preventive maintenance based on this forecast is explained. From energy losses due to the turbine being out of operation for maintenance. This study analyzes the Siemens wind turbine using artificial neural networks to predict possible outages due to mechanical and electrical faults, control systems, and other issues. The role of preventive maintenance based on these forecasts isexplainedtoreduce energylosses.