bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of magnetic fluid thermal coupling of cylindrical heat source based on LBM lattice algorithm
Authors: Wang Jie , Yang Mo
Published: February 2022

In order to improve the accuracy of numerical simulation of magnetic fluid thermal coupling of cylindrical heat source, a numerical simulation method of magnetic fluid thermal coupling of cylindrical heat source based on LBM grid algorithm was studied. Based on the theoretical model of natural convection and radiative heat dissipation of cylindrical heat source, the boundary conditions were set, and the thermal coupling performance of flow field and temperature field in the process of natural convection and radiative heat dissipation of cylindrical heat source was simulated by LBM grid algorithm. Simulation results show that the relative error between simulation results and experimental results is less than 1.5%. The results show that this method can accurately simulate the magnetofluid-thermal coupling of cylindrical heat source. With the increase of Rayleigh number, different numerical solutions appear: steady state solution when Rayleigh number is 105, periodic oscillation solution when Rayleigh number is 106, chaotic solution when Rayleigh number is 107.
Comparison study of bound states for diatomic molecules using Kratzer, Morse, and modified Morse potentials
Authors: Al-Othman A B , Sandouqa A S
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the bound-state energy eigenvalues for several diatomic molecules (O2, I2, N2, H2, CO, NO, LiH, HCl) are computed for various quantum numbers using the shifted 1/N expansion method with the Kratzer, Morse and Modified Morse potentials. Numerical results of the energy eigenvalues for the selected diatomic molecules are discussed. Our results for energy eigenvalues agree perfectly with the results obtained in the literature. A comparative study is performed for four diatomic molecules (H2, N2, CO and HCl) in their ground states using the three potentials.
Gaussian network model revisited: effects of mutation and ligand binding on protein behavior
Authors: Erman Burak
Published: February 2022

The coarse-grained Gaussian network model (GNM), considers only the alpha carbons of the folded protein. Therefore it is not directly applicable to the study of mutation or ligand binding problems where atomic detail is required. This shortcoming is improved by including all atom pairs within the coordination shell of each other into the Kirchoff adjacency matrix. Counting all contacts rather than only alpha carbon contacts diminishes the magnitude of fluctuations in the system. But more importantly, it changes the graph-like connectivity structure, i.e., the Kirchoff adjacency matrix of the protein. This change depends on amino acid type which introduces amino acid specific and position specific information into the classical coarse-grained GNM which was originally modeled in analogy with the phantom network model of rubber elasticity. With this modification, it is now possible to explain the consequences of mutation and ligand binding on residue fluctuations, their pair-correlations and mutual information shared by each pair. We refer to the new model as ‘all-atom GNM’. Using examples from published data we show that the all-atom GNM gives B-factors that are in better agreement with experiment, can explain effects of mutation on long range communication in PDZ domains and can predict effects of GDP and GTP binding on the dimerization of KRAS.
SARS-coronavirus-2 infections: biological instabilities characterized by order parameters
Authors: Frank T D
Published: February 2022

A four-variable virus dynamics TIIV model was considered that involves infected cells in an eclipse phase. The state space description of the model was transferred into an amplitude space description which is the appropriate general, nonlinear physics framework to describe instabilities. In this context, the unstable eigenvector or order parameter of the model was determined. Subsequently, a model-based analysis of viral load data from eight symptomatic COVID-19 patients was conducted. For all patients, it was found that the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection evolved along the respective patient-specific order parameter, as expected by theoretical considerations. The order parameter amplitude that described the initial virus multiplication showed doubling times between 30 min and 3 h. Peak viral loads of patients were linearly related to the amplitudes of the patient order parameters. Finally, it was found that the patient order parameters determined qualitatively and quantitatively the relationships between the increases in virus-producing infected cells and infected cells in the eclipse phase. Overall, the study echoes the 40 years old suggestion by Mackey and Glass to consider diseases as instabilities.
Impact of electrode position on the dynamic range of a human auditory nerve fiber
Authors: Rattay Frank , Tanzer Thomas
Published: February 2022

Objective. Electrodes of a cochlear implant generate spikes in auditory nerve fibers (ANFs). While the insertion depth of each of the electrodes is linked to a frequency section of the acoustic signal, the amplitude of the stimulating pulses controls the loudness of the related frequency band. However, in comparison to acoustic stimulation the dynamic range (DR) of an electrically stimulated ANF is quite small. Approach. The DR of an electrically stimulated ANF is defined as the interval of stimulus amplitudes that causes firing probabilities between 10% and 90%. A compartment model that includes sodium ion current fluctuations as the stochastic key component for spiking was evaluated for different electrode placements and fiber diameters. Main results. The DR is reversely related to ANF diameter. An increased DR is expected to improve the quality of auditory perception for CI users. Electrodes are often placed as close to the center axis of the cochlea as possible. The analysis of the simulated auditory nerve firing showed that this placement is disadvantageous for the DR of a selected ANF. Significance. Five times larger DRs are expected for electrodes close to the terminal of the dendrite or at mid-dendritic placement as opposed to electrodes close to the modiolus.
Three years of muography at Mount Etna: results and perspectives
Authors: Gallo G. , Lo Presti D. , Bonanno D.L. , Bonanno G. , Ferlito C. , La Rocca P. , Reito S. , Riggi F. , Romeo G.
Published: February 2022

The summit craters system represents the point of maximum expression of the persistent tectonic activity at Mount Etna volcano. The Muography of Etna Volcano (MEV) project began in 2016 as a pilot project for the successive installation of a permanent muographic observatory. It aims to demonstrate the detector’s capability to observe density anomalies inside the volcanic edifice and monitor their time evolution. The first muon telescope built by the collaboration and installed at the base of the North-East crater from August 2017 to October 2019 was already able to get significant results. This work describes the characteristics of the muon-telescope and summarizes the principal outcomes obtained, with a quick look at the current status of the project and future developments.
Development of high rate and ultrahigh time resolution MRPC for the future time of flight systems
Authors: Yu Y. , Liu J. , Wang Y. , Han D. , Guo B. , Chen X. , Wang B. , Zhang Q.
Published: February 2022

This paper reports a 32-gap MRPC built with very thin and low resistivity glasses aiming at a high rate and ultrahigh time resolution. Fast amplifier and waveform digitization systems are employed to achieve a better resolution. This MRPC, with 128 μm thick gaps, reaches a 98% efficiency at 13.3 kV and a time resolution of 16 ps during the cosmic tests. Moreover, we have performed X-ray tests at different particle fluxes. At a rate of 15 kHz/cm2, the efficiency is still above 95% and a time resolution of 20 ps is achieved, which would fulfill the requirements of SoLID ToF system.
Measurement of single event effect cross section induced by monoenergetic protons on a 130 nm ASIC
Authors: Boumediene D. , Jouve F. , Lambert D. , Madar R. , Manen S. , Perrin O. , Royer L. , Soulier A. , Vandaele R.
Published: February 2022

Designing integrated circuits in radiation environments such as the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is challenging.
Integrated circuits will be exposed to radiation-induced Single Event Effects (SEE).
In deep sub-micron technology devices, the impact of SEEs can be mitigated by triple modular redundancy.
The triplication of the most sensitive data is used to recover most of the data corruption induced by interacting particles.
One type of SEE, called single event upset (SEU), is studied in this paper. The SEU cross-section and the
performance of the triplication are estimated using an ASIC prototype exposed to a beam of protons.
The SEU cross-section is measured and systematic difference between 1→0 and 0→1 bit flip rates is observed. The efficiency of the mitigation method is investigated.
Source-drain electrical conduction and radiation detection in graphene-based field effect transistor (GFET)
Authors: Torrisi L. , Salvato G. , Cutroneo M. , Librizzi F. , Torrisi A. , Silipigni L.
Published: February 2022

Electrical measurements on a graphene field effect
transistor (GFET) are presented and discussed for its
characterization in vacuum and in air. In this last environment
three low output power continuous wave (CW) led lasers and a UV lamp
have been used to study the illumination effects at wavelengths from
the near infrared (NIR) to red, green up to near UV. In air the
device is sensitive to visible and UV radiation. The visible light
produces charge carriers increasing the source-drain
current. Instead, the UV radiation induces the graphene oxidation
decreasing the source-drain current in a permanent way. Small
temperature increments, up to about 55∘C, increase the electrical
conduction. Larger temperatures and prolonged heating in air
generate oxidation, decreasing the source-drain current. As
far as the NIR radiation is concerned, no effect is
observed. Therefore, these preliminary investigations indicate that
the device can be employed as visible and UV radiation detector.
Smoke from 2020 United States wildfires responsible for substantial solar energy forecast errors
Authors: Juliano Timothy W , Jiménez Pedro A , Kosović Branko , Eidhammer Trude , Thompson Gregory , Berg Larry K , Fast Jerome , Motley Amber , Polidori Andrea
Published: February 2022

The 2020 wildfire season (May through December) in the United States was exceptionally active, with the National Interagency Fire Center reporting over 10 million acres (

>

40 000 km2) burned. During the September 2020 wildfire events, large concentrations of smoke particulates were emitted into the atmosphere. As a result, smoke was responsible for ∼10%–30% reduction in solar power production during peak hours as recorded by the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) sites. In this study, we focus on a 9 d period in September when wildfire smoke had a profound impact on solar energy production. During the smoke episodes, hour-ahead forecasts utilized by CAISO did not include the effects of smoke and therefore overestimated the expected power production by ∼10%–50%. Here we use multiple observational networks and a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model to show that the wildfire events of 2020 had a significantly detrimental influence on solar energy production due to high aerosol loading. We find that including the contribution of biomass burning particles greatly improves the day-ahead solar energy bias forecast of both global horizontal irradiance and direct normal irradiance by nearly ∼50%. Our results suggest that a more comprehensive treatment of aerosols, including biomass burning aerosols, in NWP models may be an important consideration for energy grid balancing, in addition to solar resource assessment, as solar power reliance increases.
Symmetries of Schrödinger–Pauli equations for charged particles and quasirelativistic Schrödinger equations
Authors: Nikitin A G
Published: February 2022

Lie symmetries of Schrödinger–Pauli equations for charged particles and quasirelativistic Schrödinger equations are classified. In particular a new superintegrable system with spin–orbit coupling is discovered.
The quadric ansatz for the mn-dispersionless KP equation, and supersymmetric Einstein–Weyl spaces
Authors: Dunajski Maciej , Plansangkate Prim
Published: February 2022

We consider two multi-dimensional generalisations of the dispersionless Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (dKP) equation, both allowing for arbitrary dimensionality, and non-linearity. For one of these generalisations, we characterise all solutions which are constant on a central quadric. The quadric ansatz leads to a second order ODE which is equivalent to Painlevé I or II for the dKP equation, but fails to pass the Painlevé test in higher dimensions. The second generalisation of the dKP equation leads to a class of Einstein–Weyl (EW) structures in an arbitrary dimension, which is characterised by the existence of a weighted parallel vector field, together with further holonomy reduction. We construct and characterise an explicit new family of EW spaces belonging to this class, and depending on one arbitrary function of one variable.
Study on Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of PM2.5 in the Main Urban Area of Nanjing and Influencing Factors
Authors: Jindong Zhao , Li Yang , Haiyang Ren
Published: February 2022

The study used multiple linear regression models and the inverse distance weight interpolation method to construct a regression analysis model of PM2.5 concentration influencing factors based on the measured data of 9 PM2.5 concentration monitoring points in Nanjing from 2012 to 2019, in order to clarify the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of PM2.5 pollution in the main urban area of Nanjing. The results show that industrial land area, arable land area, and the density of food and beverage outlets all contribute to PM2.5 concentration, while forest land area has a certain inhibitory effect on the increase of PM2.5 concentration; simulation results show that PM2.5 concentration in Nanjing’s main urban area is decreasing year by year, and the spatial distribution of PM2.5 is primarily influenced by the density of food and beverage outlets. The modeling findings reveal that PM2.5 concentrations in Nanjing’s main urban region are decreasing year by year, with a “low north and high south” pattern dominating the spatial distribution.
Effect of Hydraulic and Organic Load, in the Removal of Biochemical Oxygen Demand in Wastewater using Biofilter with Vegetable Carbon, in High Andean Climate
Authors: Huamán M M , Rosas Y W , Depaz K F
Published: February 2022

Generating new sustainable alternatives in the design of trickling filters for rural populations is necessary to improve the quality of discharges and optimize the design of secondary treatment units. The study determined the impact of hydraulic and organic charge on the removal of BOD in the environment charcoal biofilter. Biofilters prototypes were implemented at scale with charcoal filter medium on different surfaces that vary from 0.12 to 0.25 m2, carried out at an elevation of 2100 meters above sea level, the final concentration most effective in removing BOD obtained hydraulic load of 2.34 to 4.76 m3m−2d−1 and the organic load between 0.27 to 0.56 kg DBO m−3. The results of the Biofilter experiments determined that the hydraulic load generated a better distribution and mixing of the residual water throughout the trickling bed, achieving a good reaction and effective combination between the water that entered and the amount of air required to complete the aerobic process. and to achieve the removal of BOD, the organic load obtained in the measurements concentrates enough biomass that helps in the formation of the biofilm, for which it is concluded that this criterion has a determining effect on the reduction of organic matter in domestic wastewater, it is confirmed that the charcoal biofilter is efficient and can be used in small systems of wastewater treatment plants.
Antimicrobial Resistant Escherichia coli Distribution along the Lower Part of the Chao Phraya River, Thailand
Authors: Sweattatut Rawiwan , Boontanon Suwanna Kitpati , Piyaviriyakul Pitchaya , Harada Hidenori , Fujii Shigeo
Published: February 2022

Currently, antimicrobial drugs are not eliminated during the wastewater treatment process, especially in developing countries where antimicrobial drugs are used with less controls. An increase in contamination from effluent entering river systems is a major contributor to antimicrobial drug resistance and the spread of antimicrobial-resistant genes throughout rivers. This study aims to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) and evaluate the impact of urbanization on the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli along the lower part of the Chao Phraya River in Thailand. It was found that the geometric mean E. coli concentration was 624 CFU/100 mL. In addition, the geometric mean concentrations of E. coli resistant to cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin were 86 and 182 CFU/ 100 mL, respectively. A positive correlation coefficient was found between the concentration of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and the number of population. The concentrations of E. coli were significantly positively correlated with antimicrobial-resistant E. coli (R = 0.950, P < 0.001). Therefore, this study indicated that antimicrobial-resistant E. coli were widely distributed in the Chao Phraya River with the highest concentrations in the Bangkok metropolitan area. These populations have been linked to an increase in antimicrobial-resistant E. coli contamination.
Bi-Level Programming-Based Regional Ecological Management Model in Xiamen
Authors: Fang L C , Gao P P , Li Y P , Wang S G
Published: February 2022

The shortage of land resources, ecological damage and pollutant discharge pose great challenges to the sustainable development of Xiamen. In this study, a bi-level programming (BP) is developed to manage the regional ecosystem of reclamation (REM). BP can balance the trade-off between the two decision makers, including maximizing the system benefit as the upper level goal, maximizing the ecological service value as the lower level goal, and constructing the regional ecosystem management system model in Xiamen. The main research results are: (i) Carbon fixation, oxygen release and water conservation are the main ecological service value of ecosystem; (ii) The system benefits would reduce by 15.3%, while the ecological service value would increase by 17.6%; (iii) Compared with single level model, COD, NH3-N, SO2, solid waste emissions could reduce by 32.8%, 9.0%, 16.1%, 24.7% and 31.5% respectively.
Satisfaction Survey of Environmental Basic Public Services and Study on Influencing Factors in New-type Urbanization Areas
Authors: Haiyang Ren , Hancong Zhu , Min Wang , Xuelei Zhang
Published: February 2022

The environmental basic public service is the environmental livelihood guarantee and support service provided by the government for the public. The paper evaluates basic environmental public services from the perspective of public satisfaction. The revised questionnaires are handed out in Suqian of Jiangsu Province, where 275 valid questionnaires are collected. For further analysis, the study use SPSS 22.0 to evaluate environment basic public service satisfaction, and identify the influencing factors. The results show that the level of residents’ environmental basic public service satisfaction is average. However, the residents are more satisfied with the he service of the people’s livelihood and infrastructure services than with the environmental monitoring -supervision services and information service. Environmental participation has a significant positive effect on satisfaction with environmental basic public service, while age and education level have significant negative effects on satisfaction of environmental basic public service. The study believes that important measures such as strengthening community environmental publicity and education, improving the openness of environmental information and public participation in the environment should be taken to effectively improve residents’ satisfaction with various types of environmental basic public services.
A Post-occupancy Evaluation of Occupant Satisfaction in Green and Conventional Higher Educational Buildings
Authors: Zhao Yuanhong , Yang Qingping
Published: February 2022

Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is a method for measuring building performance in terms of meeting design intent, and identifying any gaps between actual and modelled performances in the of aspects indoor environmental quality (IEQ), occupant satisfaction, energy consumption, etc. In this paper, a structured POE assessment was conducted using the Building Use Survey (BUS) methodology in two higher educational buildings in the United Kingdom. This study aims to help close the building performance gap, optimize building operation systems, and improve occupants’ satisfaction levels. In this research, the questionnaire survey investigated the influences of environmental factors on user satisfaction from the main aspects of building overall design, thermal comfort, perceived control, indoor environment quality for noise, lighting, ventilation, and other non-environmental factors, such as the background information about age, gender, time in buildings, workgroup size, and so on. The results indicate that the occupant satisfaction with the main aspects of building overall design, indoor environment quality, and thermal comfort in summer and winter in both buildings is lower than the benchmark data. The feedback of this POE assessment has been reported to the building management team to allow managers to develop high-performance building operation guidelines to narrow down the performance gap and improve user satisfaction, comfort, and productivity.
Efficacy Analysis of Urban Planning Scenarios for Flood Mitigation with Low Impact Development Technologies Using SWMM: A Case Study in Saitama City, Japan
Authors: Uchiyama S , Bhattacharya Y , Nakamura H
Published: February 2022

LID (Low impact Development) has been widely promoted as a measure against urban flooding which has been recently increasing due to urbanization and climate change. However, studies that consider the combined effects of spatially distributing multiple LIDs simultaneously in an urban area of specific size as urban planning scenarios are few. In this study, two cases of past rainfall data (short duration and long duration heavy rainfall), are used to simulate the effects of 3 different urban planning scenarios of distributed LID (i.e. combined LIDs implementable at the 1) building-level, 2) in open spaces, and 3) combined implementation of both 1&2), in addition to simulating for separate implementation of each LID type using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The results show that in the case of short duration heavy rainfall, all 3 LID scenarios provide a greater decrease in the rate of flood volume with comparison to the case of long duration heavy rainfall. This points to the fact that LIDs have a high potential to mitigate flood volumes resulting from short duration heavy rainfall - the type of rainfall which has become more frequent recently. Furthermore, the paper also organizes the LID types according to their implementability under different urban planning scenarios, and shows that such combined use of LIDs results in higher flood mitigation efficacy.
Irrigation Network Requirements for Watering Urban Green Space in Semiarid Region
Authors: Guedaouria Hadja , Daoudi Mebarka , Benmoussa Youcef , Maazouzi Abdelhak
Published: February 2022

The presence of green spaces in cities is a vital thing as it contributes to raising the quality of urban life, increasing environmental diversity, improving the social aspect of the individual and society, increasing economic income and adding an aesthetic aspect to cities. In this work, a powerful design steps of drip and sprinkler irrigation networks is presented to watering an area about 300m^2of green space at semiarid region in Algeria. The first step consists of the hydraulic sizing of drip irrigation system for different dripper flow (from 4 l/h to 23 l/h), the next step concerned the sprinkler irrigation using two models of sprinkler the first one is IPN-5-F characterized by radius 1.5m, flow 0.09 m^3/h and arc 360° and the second one is IPN-12H characterized by radius 3m. The dripper with flow 15l/h and the sprinkler 12’ are the suitable in terms of the irrigation hours and the energy requirement to run the solar pump. The values of irrigation frequency in drip and sprinkler irrigation are closed from 1 for drip to two days for sprinkler, in other hand the flow rate in drip irrigation network is negligent comparing with sprinkler irrigation network. In these conditions, it is useful to install only one pump with the greater debit for the two networks of irrigation using pressure reducer in manifold pipes of drip irrigation network.
Research on Leaf Decomposition Rate in Tamagawa River Basin
Authors: Kong D
Published: February 2022

The decomposition of litter is an important function in the regulating service of the river ecosystem. The decomposition of litter can not only provide energy and material for the ecosystem, but also evaluate the health of the ecosystem. Fallen leaves are the most common litter in the riparian zone. There are three main stages in the decomposition of leaves in rivers. In these three stages, there are many factors that affect the rate of decomposition of leaves. These factors are divided into three categories: the difference in the physical and chemical properties of the litter itself, the difference between the biological and non-biological characteristics in the river, and the feeding activity of the shredder. However, the previous scholars’ studies on leaf decomposition mostly focused on soil ecosystems, and there were few studies on leaf decomposition in aquatic ecosystems. And no one has studied the relationship between blade surface hardness and thickness and blade decomposition rate. In addition, previous studies were conducted at fixed locations in the river, and very few studies have been conducted on different areas of the same river. In this study, three sites in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the tamagawa river were selected for leaf decomposition experiments. And use the newly designed penetrometer and micrometer to measure the surface hardness and thickness of the leaves. After 25 days of decomposition experiments, the final results showed that the lower the hardness and thickness of the leaves, the higher the decomposition rate. But when the blade hardness and thickness are similar, the characteristics of the blade surface will also affect the decomposition speed of the blade. An `d human activities will affect the function of leaf decomposition in the river ecosystem.
Performance Investigation of Wire EDM Process Parameters
Authors: Mohamedosman Elyass Waddah , Sharma Vishal , Kantak Ganesh , Mukhtar Alam Mohd
Published: February 2022

It is exceptionally difficult to create confusing geometry in such a material using traditional machining measurement. At present, companies use a non-regular machining strategy which uses energies like electricity, chemical, sound, light, etc. which are useful for machining hard materials. WEDM machines are used to cut complex and simple patterns and have the potential to achieve the maximum production capacity since the last few decades. This study was carried out in two parts. The first segment was consolidated with analyses of the Taguchi method depending on the signal-to-noise ratio (S / N) and regression modelling for the S / N ratio. In the second segment, the model condition was created using the RSM methodology. L16 orthogonal array was used with four levels of parameters namely, pulse on time, pulse off time, wire feed rate and peak current to find the effects on optimal response variables namely, cutting time, cutting rate, overcut and dimensional deviations. The results of the regression analysis showed that there was significant effect of pulse on/off and peak current on the cutting time and for cutting rate there was also significant effect of wire feed rated. Therefore, it can be concluded that all the four process parameters can affect the response variables.
The combined implementation of Green, Lean and Six Sigma approaches for achieving environmental sustainability – A Review
Authors: Ahmad Arsalan , Ali Khan Abid
Published: February 2022

Sectors like manufacturing, automotive, transport and logistics, etc. have greatly contributed to resource depletion all around the world. The large consumption of resources results in the rise of many greenhouse gases, waste, and other environmental problems. Organizations are now under stress to modify the way they manage their procedures and operations in response to various government environmental restrictions and the rising customer demand for ecologically friendly services and commodities. Management system approaches like green, lean and six sigma can help in achieving sustainability goals. However, no single approach is effective in achieving all sustainability goals as there are inherent limitations of these approaches. This has led people in both industry and academia to focus on the combined application of these approaches. In this paper, various research articles and case studies focusing on the combined implementation of Green, Lean, and Six Sigma methodologies for environmental sustainability across various industries is systematically summarized and reviewed. Another aim of the article is to find which combination of these approaches is best for achieving sustainability.
Optimization of Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate in Turning of AISI D3 Steel with Coated Carbide Inserts
Authors: Prakash Anand Surya , Kumar Saraf Amit
Published: February 2022

The aim of this paper is to optimize the metal removal rate and surface roughness through turning on AISI D3 Steel with coated carbide inserts. As per the current market scenario, for the metal cutting industries the most important challenge in the turning process is to satisfy both requirements quality as well as high productivity in less time in order to remain competitive. Among all the different cutting processes, the turning process is one of the most applied and fundamental metal removal operations in the real manufacturing environment. This work examines the impact of machining factors like speed, depth of cut & feed on roughness and MRR of AISI D3 steel which have a hardness value of 60 HRC with coated carbide inserts. At high speed and feed rate optimum MRR was achieved and opposite to that at low feed and depth of cut optimum surface roughness was obtained. Taguchi L9 (3)3 OA has been applied for experimental design. ANOVA analysis is performed just after DOE to identify the significant factor which influences MRR and surface roughness. Among the three machining factors, depth of cut and speed has more influencing effect on roughness and the feed influences MRR. Effort was made to find optimum solution to minimize the roughness and maximize the MRR by Taguchi and ANOVA technique.
Performance evaluation of hybrid desiccant air conditioning system regenerated by waste heat from air cooled condenser: Experimental Investigation
Authors: Hussain Taliv
Published: February 2022

Heating ventilation and air conditioning units reject a large quantity of heat to the surroundings as waste. Thus proper reclamation of this unused heat could also enhance the COP of such arrangements and their lesser adverse effect on the environment. Therefore hybrid desiccant air conditioning unit using unused heat from condenser for regeneration can be more effective than the conventional air conditioning unit under hot and humid climatic conditions. In this paper, various performance parameters of hybrid desiccant air conditioning unit using unused heat from condenser is determined at different process air inlet temperatures (28, 29.5, 31, 32.5, 34, 35.5 and 37°C) and different process air inlet velocities, i.e. (1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 m/s) and at fix (2.5 m/s) air velocity at regeneration inlet. Refrigerating effect, heat rejection rate, VCOP, ECOP, dehumidification effectiveness, moisture removal capacity and DCOP decreases with increment in different air temperatures at process inlet. While compressor work, regeneration effectiveness and regeneration rate increases with increment in different air temperatures at process inlet. On the other hand, refrigerating effect, heat rejection rate, VCOP, ECOP, dehumidification effectiveness, regeneration effectiveness, and regeneration rate decrease with increased air velocities at process inlet. Whereas compressor work, moisture removal capacity and DCOP increases with an increase in air velocities at the process inlet. Thus, optimization of these performance parameters is determined to achieve the maximum efficiency of the hybrid desiccant air conditioning system under the above operating states.
Dehumidification Analysis of Rotary Solid Desiccant Wheel System for different Surface Materials
Authors: Hussain Taliv , Ahmad Ashad , Hidayat Nabeel , Ahamad Danish , Anwar Md Salik , Istekhar Ahmed Sadique
Published: February 2022

In recent decades, desiccant dehumidification has been given much interest in the air conditioning industry area. Compared to the conventional vapour compression air conditioning system, desiccant dehumidification has various advantages, including separate humidity and temperature control. In this paper, the analysis of the Rotary Solid Desiccant Wheel System has been performed. Here, we have studied three diffusion coefficients: Ordinary, Knudsen and Surface diffusion coefficients for Rotary Solid Desiccant Wheel System. Also, the analysis has been performed for three different solid desiccant materials: Silica Gel, Molecular Sieve and Activated Alumina to incorporate and to study the effect of pore size on moisture transport and to examine the impact of Tortuosity factor on moisture transport phenomenon. This analysis can correctly select the best desiccant material suitable for the desiccant dehumidification industry.
Effect of Steel-Nylon Fibre as Reinforcing Material on Strength Characteristics of Concrete
Authors: Ram Ramoo , Kant Pareek Dr Ravi , Nain Kulbir , Nautiyal Akhilesh
Published: February 2022

Concrete is reinforced using different kind of admixtures in order to increase its properties and making it cost effective. Fibre is one type of reinforcement, which is a composite material made up of cement or mortar and fragmented, separate, distributed, arbitrarily located, and disconnected reasonable fibres. Concrete is broadly utilized as a part of structural designing with its high compressive strength, minimal effort and bottomless crude material. However, regular cement has a few weaknesses, for instance, low malleability, restricted flexibility, little protection from splitting, weak hardness, high fragility, and other factors limits its use.” The cement may get split because of basic and natural properties; however, a large portion of the breaks are shaped because of inherent inward smaller scale breaks as well as the material’s inherent flaws to oppose ductile powers. Such condition of the structure at the tensile end subjects to the cracks under a certain amount of load. Initially there become small splits or cracks and with due respect of time these cracks gets widened. After drying of cement, Cracks may be developed due to shrinkage. The small-scale splits frame because of drying shrinkage or different reasons for volume change if there should be an occurrence of plain concrete. Along these lines many endeavours have been made to expand the rigidity of cement by method for utilizing traditional strengthened steel bars and furthermore by applying limiting systems.
Synthesis of An Amidoximated Acrylic Copolymer Membrane (AACM) Treated with Nano Silver Particles to Study the Antibacterial Efficiency of The Membrane
Authors: Kumar Sharma Bhoopesh , Walia Megha , Chaudhary Archana , Sharma Yogesh , Thakur Shaile
Published: February 2022

Abstract Polymers with cationic functional groups are proven to be an effective antimicrobial barrier. Particles, organic debris, and microbes can be well removed from drinking water using polymer membrane filtration. A variety of copolymers are utilized in the synthesis of such membranes. In this study, a copolymer membrane was synthesized first, and then Amidoximation was used to convert a portion of the copolymer’s nitrile groups to amidoxime groups. The membrane was treated with HA at 60-80°C in an aqueous solution to obtain an Amidoximated film. After being treated with Nano Silver particles, the efficiency of the prefabricated and particularly produced copolymer film as an antibacterial water disinfectant was analyzed. Various techniques were used to analyse the virgin and Amidoximated Acrylic Copolymer Membranes (AACM), including X-ray diffraction (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, and Thermogravimetric analysis, Many substantial changes in the copolymer characteristics, including functionality, crystallinity, thermal activity, hydrophilicity, elemental composition, surface morphology, and antibacterial activity, were identified during the Amidoximation phase. It was revealed that an Amidoximated copolymer membrane outperforms an untreated membrane in terms of antibacterial activity.
Development of bone cell microarrays in microfluidic chips for studying osteocyte-osteoblast communication under fluid flow mechanical loading
Authors: Yvanoff Charlotte , Willaert Ronnie Guy
Published: February 2022

Bone tissue remodels throughout life in response to mechanical loads. Impaired activities of bone cells (osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts) result in a disruption of the bone remodelling cycle, which eventually leads to bone disorders such as osteoporosis. To develop efficient therapeutic strategies against bone disorders, new tools are needed to unravel the bone remodelling cycle at the molecular level. Here, we developed a microfluidic platform, which should allow understanding the bone remodelling cycle in much more detail and ultimately be used to discover new therapeutic compounds. We focused specifically on studying cell-cell communication between osteocytes and osteoblasts cells via connexin 43-gap junctions. Therefore, a new cell printing method was developed to create living cellular bone cell arrays in a microfluidic channel. Several cell printing designs where osteocytes and osteoblasts heterotypically interacted at localized interfaces were evaluated. Physical contacts between the bone cells were characterised at high resolution by correlative atomic force microscopy (AFM) - fluorescence microscopy. We demonstrated that the platform is compatible with single-cell mechanostimulation by AFM nanoindentation and subsequent fluorescent analysis of the mechanoresponse. As a proof of concept, we showed the functionality of the platform by analysing the induced in vivo-like Ca++ wave in the printed osteocyte-osteoblast network upon mechanical stimulation by fluid flow shear stress.
Quantum transition detected inside Earth could have its uses
Authors: Dumé Isabelle
Published: February 2022

Researchers have identified a quantum phase transition taking place in iron more than 1000 kilometres deep within the Earth’s mantle.
NASA launches first mission to deflect asteroid
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: February 2022

NASA has launched a mission to test whether it is possible to deflect an asteroid using “kinetic impact”.
True threat
Authors: Rees Martin
Published: February 2022

A response to the news story about NASA’s DART mission, which is testing for the first time whether an asteroid can be deflected.
Near-deterministic weak-value metrology via collective non-linearity
Authors: Vetrivelan Muthumanimaran , Vinjanampathy Sai
Published: February 2022

Weak-value amplification employs postselection to enhance the measurement of small parameters of interest. The amplification comes at the expense of reduced success probability, hindering the utility of this technique as a tool for practical metrology. Following other quantum technologies that display a quantum advantage, we formalize a quantum advantage in the success probability and present a scheme based on non-linear collective Hamiltonians that shows a super-extensive growth in success probability while simultaneously displaying an extensive growth in the weak value. We propose an experimental implementation of our scheme.
Experimental investigation of Bayesian bounds in multiparameter estimation
Authors: D’Aurelio Simone Evaldo , Valeri Mauro , Polino Emanuele , Cimini Valeria , Gianani Ilaria , Barbieri Marco , Corrielli Giacomo , Crespi Andrea , Osellame Roberto , Sciarrino Fabio , Spagnolo Nicolò
Published: February 2022

Quantum parameter estimation offers solid conceptual grounds for the design of sensors enjoying quantum advantage. This is realised not only by means of hardware supporting and exploiting quantum properties, but data analysis has its impact and relevance, too. In this respect, Bayesian methods have emerged as an effective and elegant solution, with the perk of incorporating naturally the availability of a priori information. In this article we present an evaluation of Bayesian methods for multiple phase estimation, assessed based on bounds that work beyond the usual limit of large samples assumed in parameter estimation. Importantly, such methods are applied to experimental data generated from the output statistics of a three-arm interferometer seeded by single photons. Our studies provide a blueprint for a more comprehensive data analysis in quantum metrology.
Hydromechanics-based flow velocity estimation using single ERT sensor
Authors: Gao Jiajun , Yue Shihong , Rong Xila , Wang Huaxiang
Published: February 2022

Multi-phase flow detection is an important task in flow velocity estimation. Owing to its fast response, no radiation, and low cost, the electrical resistance tomography (ERT) technique with a pair of sensors is typically used to estimate the flow velocity based on the cross-correlation (CC) measurement principle. However, due to the unreasonable a priori assumption, uncertain parameter, and limitation of ERT, this remains inaccurate and unsteady under complex and multi-flow conditions. We propose a novel flow velocity computation method that uses a single ERT sensor instead of a pair. Different from existing methods that are based on the CC principle, both the Churchill and Bernoulli equations in hydromechanics are used to compute flow velocity, based on which an inherent relation among the flow velocity, pressure difference, and density value in a detected pipeline is derived. Since the pressure difference and density value can be accurately computed from measurements from a single ERT sensor, the estimated flow velocity can greatly overcome the limitations when a pair of ERT sensors is employed. The proposed method is validated via a set of experiments, showing that it is more accurate and steadier than existing methods.
Use of electronic viscous drive to optimize fan duty cycle
Authors: Ramdas Dhiraj , Dey Tapobrata
Published: February 2022

The Electronic Viscous Fan Drive Clutch is one of the key components of cooling system in automotive sectors. It is more efficient than the current traditional bimetal operated Mechanical Viscous Fan Drive Clutch in terms of fan power consumption. The comparative change in fan power with both fan drives is studied and it is observed that with electronic fan clutch 86% reduction in fan power is achieved. In the current study an attempt is made to demonstrate the improvement in the cooling system in terms of ambient temperature of air and the coolant temperature. This is achieved through the complete driving cycles by maintaining unvarying temperature. Standard rise over ambient vehicle test with support of Vector CANape is utilized for testing and data recording. With use of electronic viscous fan drive there is direct proportional relation between coolant temperature and fan rpm. It also indicates that the system level temperatures are optimized to achieve higher efficiency in terms of thermal and fuel economy.
Optimization of Hybridization Strategy for Improving the Efficiency of Thermoelectric Generator to Recover Automobile Exhaust Waste Heat
Authors: Tripathi Abhishek , Dhar Atul , Pandey Sudhir Kumar
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates the existing efficiency formulations of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) and compares them with overall efficiency formulation (ηoverall). As TEG efficiency is the key factor in TEG performance, ηoverall formulation is validated and compared to the maximum efficiency (ηmax) formulation with consideration of temperature independent figure of merit (ZT). We have found that the (ηmax - ηoverall) is minimum (1.5%) at low temperature difference (100 K) and it increases (up to 12.67%) when temperature difference increases (up to 800 K). ηoverall is close to ηmax at low temperature difference but when temperature difference increases, ηoverall shows the overestimation of the efficiency results. Compatibility factor is the crucial factor for effective hybridization and segmentation of thermoelectric materials. Thermoelectric materials of Half-heusler alloys of Hf0.75Zr0.25Ni0.9Pd0.1Sn0.975Sb0.025 and FeV1.2−xTixSb (x = 0.4) are considered for the p-n couple and TEG module design. The exhaust thermoelectric generator (ETEG) system consisting of 56 TEG modules is proposed to recover the automobile exhaust waste heat. Output power of 51.52 W is obtained from the ETEG system at a temperature difference of 458 K. At a temperature difference of 800 K (when cold end temperature is fixed at 315 K and hot end temperature vary up to 1115 K), the ETEG system can achieve 75.8 W of power. This ETEG system also provides an additional advantage in the life increment of the muffler due to a reduction in peak temperature. The overall efficiency of the proposed ETEG system is found to be 7.81 %.
Subroot systems and total positivity in finite reflection groups
Authors: Stempak Krzysztof
Published: February 2022

Given a root system

R
R

and the corresponding finite reflection group

W
W

let

Hom
⁡
(
W
,

Z

^

2

)

\operatorname {Hom}(W,\,\widehat {\mathbb Z}_2)

be the group of homomorphisms from

W
W

into

Z

^

2

\widehat {\mathbb Z}_2

, where

Z

^

2

=
{
1
,
−
1
}

\widehat {\mathbb Z}_2=\{1,-1\}

with multiplication. We propose a procedure of constructing subroot systems of

R
R

by using homomorphisms

η
∈
Hom
⁡
(
W
,

Z

^

2

)

\eta \in \operatorname {Hom}(W,\,\widehat {\mathbb Z}_2)

. This construction is next used for establishing a relation between concepts of total positivity and

η
\eta

-total positivity.
Quantitative and time-resolved monitoring of organelle and protein delivery to the lysosome with a tandem fluorescent Halo-GFP reporter
Authors: Rudinskiy M. , Bergmann T. J. , Molinari M.
Published: February 2022

A tandem-fluorescent reporter consisting of a HaloTag-GFP chimera appended at the C- or at the N-terminus of select polypeptides to monitor protein and organelle delivery to the lysosomal district in a quantitative and time-resolved manner
Fission yeast paxillin contains two Cdc15 binding motifs for robust recruitment to the cytokinetic ring
Authors: Snider Chloe E. , Bhattacharjee Rahul , Igarashi Maya G. , Gould Kathleen L.
Published: February 2022

Paxillin is required for cytokinetic ring stability and function in fission yeast. We mapped two Pxl1 motifs required for interaction with two distinct regions of the F-BAR protein Cdc15. While the F-BAR domain interaction is central to Pxl1 CR recruitment, only a small amount of cytokinetic ring Pxl1 is sufficient to fulfill its cytokinetic roles.