bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community service‐based preventive dental education for elementary school‐aged children
Authors: Mesbahi Aida , Gazzaz Arwa Z. , Ramezani Jamileh , Aleksejuniene Jolanta
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The effectiveness of one‐to‐one preventive dental education provided by dental undergraduate students for improving elementary school‐aged children's oral self‐care skills, diet‐related knowledge, and diet behavior was tested.

Methods

The sample consisted of 106 children between the ages of 5 and 12 years who attended the same school. Oral self‐care skills were assessed by undergraduate dental students using a tooth‐brushing assessment form, and diet knowledge and behaviors by means of a questionnaire. The effectiveness of education (two one‐to‐one sessions) was evaluated by measuring the post‐educational changes in the children's oral self‐care skills, diet knowledge, and behavior.

Results

There were significant improvements in the means (sd) of tooth‐brushing skill scores (range: 0–18) from 6.2 (4.0) at the baseline to 8.4 (4.1) at the first and to 10.3 (3.0) at the second follow‐up. Total tooth‐brushing time (in seconds) significantly increased from 76.0 (59.1) at the baseline to 110.7 (74.3) at the first follow‐up then decreased to 102.6 (73.1) at the second follow‐up. The means (sd) of diet knowledge scores (range: 0–30) improved significantly from 18.5 (5.6) at the baseline to 23.0 (7.3) at the first and to 24.5 (4.0) at the second follow‐ups. The means (sd) of weekly sugar intake scores (range: 0–18) significantly decreased from 4.9 (2.1) at the baseline to 3.1 (2.0) at the first follow‐up and remained unchanged until the second follow‐up.

Conclusions

One‐to‐one dental education improved children's oral self‐care skills, diet‐related knowledge, and diet behavior. The post‐educational improvements were maintained for 6 months in older children but not in the younger children.
Impact of mutations on pregnancy outcome in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Maze Dawn , Arusi Iyad , Gupta Vikas , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Malinowski Ann Kinga , Shehata Nadine
Published: December 2022

The impact of driver and other somatic mutations on pregnancy outcomes is unknown. The purpose of this study was to report the management and outcome of pregnancies in a cohort of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) patients, particularly to evaluate the impact of somatic mutations. The cohort included consecutive patients with MPN who had a least one confirmed pregnancy. The primary outcome was live births. Secondary outcomes were thrombotic and major bleeding events. Between 2010 and 2021, 29 pregnancies occurred in 24 individuals with MPN. Aspirin was used in 24 cases (83%) and interferon alfa in five (17%). There were 24 live births (83%). There were three thrombotic events, two antepartum and one postpartum. Miscarriages and thrombotic events occurred in JAK2‐mutated and triple negative, but not CALR‐mutated, MPN. Additional somatic mutations were rare, and there were no apparent associations with pregnancy loss or complications. While JAK2 V617F is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, its impact on pregnancy outcome has been inconsistently reported. The association between triple negative MPN and adverse pregnancy outcome has not previously been reported. While limited by small numbers, this study underscores the importance of describing driver and other mutations to direct optimal antenatal care in individuals with MPN.
Technology and control of corruption in Africa
Authors: Kouladoum Jean‐Claude
Published: December 2022

The study assesses the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on the control of corruption in Africa from 2002 to 2020. The fixed‐ and the random‐effects models are employed as strategies of estimation. Due to the weaknesses of the fixed‐ and the random‐effects models, the two‐stage least square (2SLS) is adopted as a strategy that addresses the problem of potential endogeneity. For robustness checks, we adopt Lewbel's technique as an alternative instrumental technique to address the concern of endogeneity. The findings reveal that mobile phones penetration, internet penetration and the composite indicator of ICT contribute positively to the enhancement of corruption control in Africa. Though, other ICT indicators such as fixed telephone and fixed broadband negatively affect control of corruption. The composite indicator that encompasses four proxies of ICT shows a significant positive effect on the control of corruption. From the findings of the study, growth in technology infrastructures can help to build a surveillance system that can help to monitor and control corruption. We recommend that African economies accelerate e‐government to ensure transparency in public sectors.
Effect of using a structured pacing protocol on post‐exertional symptom exacerbation and health status in a longitudinal cohort with the post‐COVID‐19 syndrome
Authors: Parker Megan , Sawant Hannah Brady , Flannery Thuvia , Tarrant Rachel , Shardha Jenna , Bannister Rebecca , Ross Denise , Halpin Stephen , Greenwood Darren C. , Sivan Manoj
Published: December 2022

Post‐exertional symptom exacerbation (PESE) is a characteristic symptom of post‐COVID syndrome (PCS). This prospective study investigated the effect of a 6‐week structured World Health Organization (WHO) Borg CR‐10 5‐phase pacing protocol on PESE episodes and quality of life in a cohort of individuals with long‐standing PCS (average duration of symptoms was 17 months). Participants received weekly telephone calls with a clinician to complete the Leeds PESE questionnaire (LPQ) and identify the appropriate phase of the pacing protocol. EQ‐5D 5L was completed at the intervention's beginning and end to measure overall health. Thirty‐one participants completed the 6‐week protocol, with a statistically and clinically significant reduction in the average number of PESE episodes (from 3.4 episodes in Week 1 to 1.1 in Week 6), with an average decrease of 16% (95% CI: 9%−24%; p < 0.001) each week, and reduction across all three exertional triggers (physical, cognitive, and emotional). Physical activity levels showed moderate improvements during the intervention period. Mean EQ‐5D 5L scores improved from 51.4 to 60.6 points (paired difference of 9.2 points, 95% CI: 3.2−15.2 points; p = 0.004). A structured pacing protocol significantly reduces PESE episodes and improves overall health in PCS.
Emerging mitochondrial‐mediated mechanisms involved in oligodendrocyte development
Authors: Gil Melanie , Gama Vivian
Published: December 2022

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating glia of the central nervous system and are generated after oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) transition into pre‐oligodendrocytes and then into myelinating oligodendrocytes. Myelin is essential for proper signal transmission within the nervous system and axonal metabolic support. Although the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that support the differentiation, survival, integration, and subsequent myelination of appropriate axons have been well investigated, little is known about how mitochondria‐related pathways such as mitochondrial dynamics, bioenergetics, and apoptosis finely tune these developmental events. Previous findings suggest that changes to mitochondrial morphology act as an upstream regulatory mechanism of neural stem cell (NSC) fate decisions. Whether a similar mechanism is engaged during OPC differentiation has yet to be elucidated. Maintenance of mitochondrial dynamics is vital for regulating cellular bioenergetics, functional mitochondrial networks, and the ability of cells to distribute mitochondria to subcellular locations, such as the growing processes of oligodendrocytes. Myelination is an energy‐consuming event, thus, understanding the interplay between mitochondrial dynamics, metabolism, and apoptosis will provide further insight into mechanisms that mediate oligodendrocyte development in healthy and disease states. Here we will provide a concise overview of oligodendrocyte development and discuss the potential contribution of mitochondrial mitochondrial‐mediated mechanisms to oligodendrocyte bioenergetics and development.
Growth of winter wheat adapting to climate warming may face more low‐temperature damage
Authors: Song Yanling , Zhou Guangsheng , Linderholm Hans W. , Wang Junfang , Li Yong , Wang Guofu , Fu Yan , Xu Jinxia , Shi Ying , Xu Ying , Gao Hui , Chen Deliang
Published: December 2022

China's surface air temperature is increasing due to global warming, so it is interesting that how low temperatures would be changed during the growth period of winter wheat in future. We focused on the low temperatures of winter wheat from 2021 to 2050, using temperatures under the high emission scenario Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) projected by the RegCM4.4 regional climate model. The results showed that the annual mean temperature was projected to increase by 0.42°C⋅decade−1 in the northern and by 0.35°C⋅decade−1 in the southern winter wheat region. Furthermore, the temperature was expected to increase rapidly in spring, which could advance the dates of flowering and the start of the grain‐filling period. Using the genetic parameters determined by the calibration and validation of WOFOST and bias‐corrected projected meteorological data, simulations of winter wheat growth were performed over the winter wheat region for 2021–2050. The simulated number of days to the flowering period of winter wheat for 2041–2050 was on average 6.5 days less than in 2021–2030, due to the spring warming. Because of the earlier start of the growing season, winter wheat could face negative effects by being subjected to low temperatures. Indeed, the number of low‐temperature days was projected to increase by 110% from 2041 to 2050 compared to 2021–2030, and the number of killing degree days (KDDs) is projected to increase by 120% at the same time. If the number of days to flowering did not change, the number of low‐temperature days and KDDs only changed slightly, showing that the negative influence of low temperature was mainly caused by the advancement of the flowering date. The effect of low temperature on growth was underestimated when the response of winter wheat growth to global warming was not considered.
A potential vorticity budget view of the atmospheric circulation climatology over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xie Yongkun , Wu Guoxiong , Liu Yimin , Huang Jianping , Sheng Chen , Wu Yao
Published: December 2022

To aid the understanding of atmospheric circulation climatology over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), this study investigated the comprehensive potential vorticity (PV) budget over the TP using model‐level reanalysis data. Our findings demonstrate the effects of diabatic heating, friction, gravity wave drag, advection, and convection in determining circulation over the TP, from the PV budget perspective. In summer, the diabatic heating‐generated positive (negative) PV tendency facilitates cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation near the surface (in the middle troposphere). Low PV in the upper troposphere, pertaining to the Asian monsoon anticyclone and monsoonal overturning circulation is induced by the upward transportation of diabatic heating‐generated low PV in the middle troposphere. Horizontal advection further spreads the low PV—that is vertically inputted from the middle troposphere—to a wide area around the TP in the upper troposphere. In winter, the diabatic heating‐generated positive PV near the surface is balanced by the sinking motion‐carried low PV. In addition, gravity wave drag‐generated PV is prominent in the upper troposphere in winter and can affect the downstream climate through advection. We further revealed the crucial role of the diurnal cycle in shaping the near‐surface cyclonic circulation in summer by regulating the vertical structure of diabatic heating.
Microplastics in agroecosystems: A review of effects on soil biota and key soil functions
Authors: Shafea Leila , Yap Julia , Beriot Nicolas , Felde Vincent J. M. N. L. , Okoffo Elvis D. , Enyoh Christian Ebere , Peth Stephan
Published: December 2022

Contamination of soils in agroecosystems with microplastics (MPs) is of increasing concern. The contamination of the environment/farmland soils with MPs (1 µm to 5 mm sized particles) and nanoplastics (NPs; <1 µm sized particles) is causing numerous effects on ecological soil functions and human health. MPs enter the soil via several sources, either from intentional plastic use (e.g., plastic mulch, plastic greenhouses, plastic‐coated products) or indirectly from the input of sewage sludge, compost, or irrigation water that is contaminated with plastic. Once in the soil, plastic debris can have various impacts such as changes in soil functions and physicochemical properties and it affects soil organisms due to its toxic behavior. This review paper describes the different effects of plastic waste to understand the consequences for agricultural productivity. Furthermore, we identify knowledge gaps and highlight the required approaches, indicating future research directions on sources, transport, and fate of MPs in soils to improve our understanding of various unspecified abiotic and biotic impacts of MP pollution in agroecosystems.
Cooking process effect on nutritional value of Sesuvium portulacastrum L. leaves in Senegal
Authors: Sambou Antoine , Ayessou Nicolas , Diallo Aly
Published: December 2022

Background

Leafy vegetables play an important role by contributing to most nutrients intake for health and human well‐being. Some of these leafy vegetables are cooked before consumption. But the effect of the cooking process on the nutritional value of leafy vegetables is not well known. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the cooking process on the nutritional value of Sesuvium portulacastrum leaves. To do that, fresh leaves were collected, air dried and divided into raw and cooked. The raw and cooked samples were analyzed to determine the physico‐chemical properties (pH, humidity, ash, polyphenols, tannins and proteins) and minerals (nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium).

Results

Based on physico‐chemicals, the raw and cooked leaves contained a good concentration of polyphenol (155.58 mg ± 14.98 and 53.45 mg ± 10.97), tannin (107.62 mg ± 9.8 and 59.59 mg ± 4.17), nitrogen (0.41% ± 0.02 and 0.38% ± 0.02) and protein (2.59% ± 0.12 and 2.38% ± 0.14). The cooking process caused the loss of nitrogen (N), proteins, tannins and polyphenols from 8% to 66%. S. portulacastrum leaves contented also an important proportion of minerals. The raw and cooked contained sodium (30% and 21.28%), potassium (30% and 13.08%), magnesium (16.71% and 19.9%) and calcium (6.5% and 24%). The cooking process increased and reduced significantly calcium (270.42%) and potassium (56.42%), respectively.

Conclusion

S. portulacastrum leaves were an important source of nutritional value that could contribute to improved health and well‐being.
Effects of dietary l‐theanine supplementation on pork quality and muscle fiber type transformation in finishing pigs
Authors: Dai Hanna , Chen Xiaoling , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , He Jun , Chen Hong , Yan Hui , Zheng Ping , Luo Yuheng , Huang Zhiqing
Published: December 2022

Background

This experiment aimed to investigate effects of dietary l‐theanine supplementation on pork quality and muscle fiber type transformation in finishing pigs. In a 30‐day experiment, 18 healthy Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) pigs with an average body weight of 86.03 ± 0.83 kg were randomly divided into three groups (a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 500 and 1000 ppm l‐theanine, respectively), with six duplicates and one pig per replicate.

Results

The results showed that dietary 1000 ppm l‐theanine supplementation significantly reduced (P < 0.05) b*24 h and drip loss. Dietary 1000 ppm l‐theanine supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein expression and the percentage of slow‐twitch fibers, as well as significantly decreased (P < 0.05) fast MyHC protein expression and the percentage of fast‐twitch fibers, accompanied by an increase in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities and a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. In addition, the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway was activated by l‐theanine.

Conclusion

Together, this study demonstrated for the first time that dietary supplementation of 1000 ppm l‐theanine can improve pork color and drip loss and promote muscle fiber type transformation from fast‐twitch to slow‐twitch in finishing pigs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Isolation, characterization, and molecular docking analyses of novel calcium‐chelating peptide from soy yogurt and the study of its calcium chelation mechanism
Authors: Gan Jing , Xiao Ziqun , Wang Kuaitian , Kong Xiao , Du Mengdi , Wang Zhenhua , Xu Bo , Cheng Yongqiang
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

Calcium is an essential dietary mineral nutrient for humans. Digestive instability limits the bioavailability of calcium ions. Peptide–calcium chelate has been proven to excite higher calcium absorption than amino acid–calcium chelate, organic and inorganic calcium. Soy yogurt, which is produced via liquid‐state fermentation using lactic acid bacteria, has a high amount of bioavailable calcium. In this study, a novel peptide with high calcium binding affinity was purified and identified from soy yogurt. The binding mechanism of peptide and calcium was then analyzed by bioinformatics and spectral analysis. Furthermore, the effect of the novel peptide on gastrointestinal stability by the Caco‐2 cell model and calcium bioavailability in vivo were investigated by the zebrafish model.

RESULTS

The results showed that a novel peptide was purified and identified as DEDEQIPSHPPR (CBP). Calcium ions probably coordinate with Glu‐2 and Glu‐4 carboxyl groups via salt bridges and interact with Asp‐1, Asp‐3, and Arg‐12 in CBP via charge pairing. The calcium binding activity of the CBP was 36.64 ± 0.04 mg g−1. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that calcium spontaneously bound to the amino group nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the carboxyl group. The binding mode is either bidentate or unidentate, depending on the circumstances. More importantly, the CBP peptide substantially increased the bone mass in a zebrafish osteoporosis model.

CONCLUSION

The more glutamic acid and aspartic acid, the high was the calcium affinity with peptide. Soy yogurt‐derived peptides can be used as carriers of calcium ions throughout the gastrointestinal tract, which may be clinically useful for osteoporosis therapy. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of heat treatment on phenolic composition and radical scavenging activity of olive leaf extract at different pH conditions: a spectroscopic and kinetic study
Authors: Gonzalez‐Ortega Rodrigo , Di Mattia Carla Daniela , Pittia Paola , Natasa Poklar Ulrih
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

The present study focused on the effect of isothermal treatment (5–90 °C) and pH (2.0–6.0) of aqueous olive leaf phenolic extract solutions on the kinetics of degradation of single and total phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activity, with the objective of predicting and optimizing the thermal treatments in foods enriched with olive leaf extracts.

RESULTS

The major compound, oleuropein, showed higher degradation at low pH 2.0 and temperature‐dependent reaction rates, which fitted well a first‐order kinetic model, with an estimated activation energy of 98.03 ± 0.08 kJ mol−1. Oleuropein hydrolysis resulted in a zero‐order increase in hydroxytyrosol concentration at same pH (Ea = 71.59 ± 1.5 kJ mol−1), whereas a 100‐fold slower degradation rate was observed at higher pH. Verbascoside was only degraded at pH 6.0, also following first‐order kinetics. These changes in oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol concentrations led to significant changes in fluorescence maximum intensities centered around 315 and 360 nm and in the 425–500 nm spectral zone for samples at pH 6.0, which could be associated with verbacoside degradation. Conversely, analysis of total phenolic content and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity showed little changes, indicating a rather constant overall reducing capacity of the resulting pool of compounds after thermal treatments.

CONCLUSION

The present study can contribute to the knowledge related to oleuropein and phenolic fraction degradation as a result of matrix (pH) and processing. The kinetic parameters obtained could be applied for predicting and optimizing the thermal treatments in foods and drinks enriched with olive leaf extracts. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fabrication and characterization of nanoemulsions for encapsulation and delivery of vitexin: antioxidant activity, storage stability and in vitro digestibility
Authors: Chomchoey Sornsawan , Klongdee Supakchon , Peanparkdee Methavee , Klinkesorn Utai
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

Nanoemulsions were prepared as an encapsulation and delivery system for vitexin, a poorly water‐soluble antioxidant. This study evaluated how the type and concentration of the dispersed oil phase and vitexin loading impacted droplet characteristics and nanoemulsion stability. The influences of storage temperature on antioxidant activity and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on nanoemulsion stability were also investigated.

RESULTS

Nanoemulsions prepared at different dispersed oil concentrations showed diverse characteristics and stability. Highest stability against droplet aggregation and phase separation with small oil droplets (< 150 nm) was observed for nanoemulsions prepared using 300 g kg−1 medium‐chain triglyceride oil. These nanoemulsions are able to entrap and deliver vitexin with high encapsulation efficiency (88–90%) with no significant effect on emulsion stability. Vitexin‐loaded nanoemulsions were stable during storage when refrigerated (4 °C) and at room temperature (25 °C) for up to 45 days with no effect on their antioxidant activity. Significantly delayed lipolysis rate and decreased extent of lipid digestion were observed in vitexin‐loaded nanoemulsions.

CONCLUSIONS

Stable vitexin‐loaded nanoemulsions were successfully produced by high‐pressure homogenization using a mixture of Tween 80 and lecithin as emulsifiers. Vitexin‐loaded nanoemulsions stabilized with a mixture of these two emulsifiers were effective in retaining antioxidant activity during storage and protecting vitexin from changes during gastrointestinal digestion. Our results suggested that nanoemulsions were effective vitexin delivery systems for food applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Characterization and classification of selective Indian chickpea cultivars based on physical and hydration properties, using image and multivariate analysis
Authors: Kaur Ravneet , Prasad Kamlesh
Published: December 2022

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is an important leguminous crop, widely consumed for its high protein content, mainly in Asian countries. India is the largest chickpea‐producing country in the world. Chickpea seeds vary in shape and size depending on the cultivars. Physical properties play an important role in designing the equipment for storage and processing. Thus, the present study was carried out with the objective to characterize selected Indian chickpea cultivars based on their physical properties and hydration characteristics. Hydration is an important preprocessing treatment in most processes like germination, cooking, and fermentation, so the water uptake characteristics (water absorption capacity, swelling index, equilibrium moisture content, and weight gain) vary depending on the size and shape of the seeds. The increase in the length of chickpea seeds after hydration was found to be in the range of 18.18% to 32.08% for different cultivars, whereas the percentage increase in width ranged from 25.62% to 45.45%. The maximum increase in sphericity was 7.39%. Weight gain (%) after hydration was observed to be ranging from 98.87 ± 0.64% to 113.53 ± 0.60%. Comparative characteristics of selective chickpea cultivars based on their physical and hydration properties were studied and classify them using multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) for multivariate data may be used to classify the chickpea cultivars. First three principal components explained the 90% variation, with PC1 and PC2 explaining the 73.03% variation. Using HCA, all the cultivars were classified into three clusters based on the similarities in their properties. The three‐dimensional (3‐D) image analysis approach was also employed to study the physical characteristics before and after soaking. It can be a helpful technique for process automation as it is less time consuming.
Recent Progress of Supercontinuum Generation in Nanophotonic Waveguides
Authors: Fang Yuxi , Bao Changjing , Li Si‐Ao , Wang Zhi , Geng Wenpu , Wang Yingning , Han Xu , Jiang Jicong , Zhang Weigang , Pan Zhongqi , Li Zhaohui , Yue Yang
Published: December 2022

Supercontinuum (SC) has opened up possibilities for numerous applications in optical communications, signal processing, metrology, and spectroscopy. Supercontinuum generation (SCG) in the integrated nonlinear platforms has attracted much interest recently, due to its fundamental advantages in terms of complementary metal oxide semiconductor compatibility, low power consumption, compact size, and cost‐effectiveness. In this paper, the latest progress on various types of nanophotonic waveguides for SCG is reviewed. The material properties of silicon, germanium, silicon–germanium alloy, silicon nitride, silica, chalcogenide, III–V materials, lithium niobate, and other materials, which are used as nonlinear media for SCG are discussed. The wavelength‐dependent nonlinear Kerr index, material, and nonlinear loss of the waveguides are taken into account. This review mainly focuses on the SCG resulting from the cubic χ(3) nonlinearity processes pumped by the femtosecond pulse. The recent representative SCG works based on the integrated optical waveguides are summarized, and further classified according to the dispersion characteristics. Furthermore, different types of spectra broadening mechanisms in details according to the classifications are analyzed. Perspectives on the SC spectral coverage, the realization of various dispersion curves, and the novel materials, which are the key aspects of the SCG in nanophotonic waveguides are provided.
Picosecond Wide‐Angle Dynamic Beam Steering for Object Tracking
Authors: Li Yue , Geng Xinlin , Kong Xianghong , Liu Xingsi , Liu Zhen , Wang Zheng , Liang Difei , Xie Qian , Xie Jianliang , Deng Longjiang , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Peng Bo
Published: December 2022

Beam steering plays a vital role in light detection and ranging (LiDAR). However, the scanning speed is below megahertz (MHz) in current LiDAR systems. Frequency‐gradient metasurface has been reported to achieve gigahertz (GHz) beam steering with 25° scanning angle in two dimensions. However, the fabrication of millions of form‐varying nanoscale meta‐atoms poses challenges in operation efficiency, massive production, and overall cost‐effectiveness when the size goes beyond millimeter scale. Here, a dynamic beam steering comprising periodic grating nanostructures fabricated through nanoimprint lithography with an ultrafast scanning rate up to GHz (≈81 ps) and ultra‐wide three‐dimensional (3D) fields of view up to 53° × 23° is reported, which shows the powerful acquisition of 3D space data. The detection distance of object reaches to ≈230 m. This work demonstrates a wide‐angle and high‐speed beam steering, and paves a robust way to realize cost‐efficient, high‐volume manufacturing, and powerful 3D all‐solid‐state LiDAR for next‐generation intelligent vision and self‐driving technologies.
Bioinspired Meta‐Reflection‐Splitter for Near‐Infrared Laser Stealth with Large Scattering Angle
Authors: Liu Xianghui , Yan Zhiyuan , Wang Hongtao , Zhao Qibin , Zhou Han , Fan Tongxiang
Published: December 2022

Metasurface based phase manipulation has shown great capable of controlling anomalous reflection for low observability against laser active detection. However, current meta‐based designs for laser stealth in near‐infrared (NIR) range suffer from small scattering angles and complex fabrication process, and this hinders their mass productivity and flexible application in actual environments. Here, a bioinspired strategy is proposed to design a meta‐reflection‐splitter with a large scattering angle and strongly extinct specular reflection for NIR laser stealth, motivated by the color splitting effect on the green scale of butterfly Diaethria clymena. The biological reflection splitting is demonstrated to originate from the 180° phase difference of reflection created by the unsymmetrical laminae on densely arranged ridges. A simple etching‐free approach is further developed to generate large‐scale meta‐reflector‐splitter by self‐assembly of colloidal particles. This large‐area meta‐reflector‐splitter shows high‐efficient low observability (ultralow specular reflectance <1%) accompanied by a scattering angle of nearly 50° under the 1064 nm laser detection as well as a low mid‐infrared emissivity. This work sheds light on the phase manipulation of biophotonic structures and thus benefits the innovation in advanced optical materials and devices.
ARRIVE AND THRIVE: COMMITTING TO THE WORK OF THE INCLUSIVE LEADER
Authors: Brady Susan MacKenty , Foutty Janet , Wooten Lynn Perry
Published: December 2022

The authors draw on their extensive research around women’s leadership and delineate lessons for leaders regardless of gender or organizational sector. The article builds on the 7 Impactful Practices for Women Navigating Leadership™. In their words, they are: 1, Investing in your best self. 2, Embracing authenticity. 3, Cultivating courage. 4, Fostering resilience. 5, Inspiring a bold vision. 6, Creating a healthy team environment. 7, Committing to the work of the inclusive leader™. “Inclusive leadership,” the authors write, “must start with the inner work on your identity, and understanding who you are as a leader, or what we call “the knowing.” The Work of the Inclusive Leader is a lifelong, learning journey.” The authors explain further that “With the help of esteemed members of its strategic advisory board, and with our insight and direction, our colleague at Simmons University Institute for Inclusive Leadership Elisa van Dam has led the development of a model that provides a road map for this practice. Called the Work of the Inclusive Leader, this model transpires at three levels: becoming aware (for yourself), becoming an ally and upstander (supporting others), and becoming a change agent (advocating for systemic change).”
FOR NEXT GENERATION LEADERS, REFLECTION PLUS RISK EQUALS REWARDS
Authors: Kurland Michael
Published: December 2022

The author details the qualities that the next generation of leaders will thrive as we get deeper into the 21st century. These are separate from technical and industry‐specific capabilities. They are universal, applicable in a variety of sectors, businesses and beyond. Under the headings of Reflection, Risk, and Reward, he delineates the specifics. For instance, under reflection: “In this 24/7 world, it can be challenging to carve out time for yourself, yet it is vital for your personal and professional growth.” Another point… “we need to encourage our teams to do the same – take the time to reflect on their roles to determine if it is aligned with their purpose and core values, something that is of the utmost importance to this generation of workers.” Within the Risk category: “Organizations that are risk‐averse will find themselves stuck in old ways. This type of thinking can cause employees to be less productive and feel less engaged. With no solid plan for the future that involves a bit of risk‐taking, how can they be expected to stay on for the long haul?” And in Reward, a couple of items to potentially celebrate would be, “Meeting sustainability goals before schedule,” and “Making a difference through social impact programs.”
Suppressed Migration and Enhanced Cisplatin Chemosensitivity in Human Cancer Cell Lines by Tuning the Molecular Mobility of Supramolecular Biomaterials
Authors: Hakariya Masahiro , Arisaka Yoshinori , Masuda Hiroki , Yoda Tetsuya , Iwata Takanori , Yui Nobuhiko
Published: December 2022

Cancer cells recognize physical cues transmitted from the surrounding microenvironment, and accordingly alter the migration and chemosensitivity. Cell adhesive biomaterials with tunable physical properties can contribute to the understanding of cancer cell responses, and development of new cancer therapies. Previously, it was reported that polyrotaxane‐based surfaces with molecular mobility effectively modulate cellular functions via the yes‐associated protein (YAP)‐related signaling pathway. In the present study, the impact of molecular mobility of polyrotaxane surfaces on the migration and chemosensitivity of lung (A549), pancreatic (BxPC‐3), and breast cancer (MDA‐MB‐231) cell lines is investigated, and it is found that the cellular spreading of adherent A549 and BxPC‐3 cells and nuclear YAP translocation are promoted on low‐mobility surfaces, suggesting that cancer cells alter their subcellular YAP localization in response to molecular mobility. Furthermore, low‐mobility surfaces suppress cellular migration more than high‐mobility surfaces. Additionally, low‐mobility surfaces promote the cisplatin chemosensitivity of each cancer cell line to a greater extent than high‐mobility surfaces. These results suggest that the molecular mobility of polyrotaxane surfaces suppresses cellular migration and enhances chemosensitivity via the subcellular translocation of YAP in cancer cells. Biointerfaces based on polyrotaxanes can thus be a new platform for elucidating cancer cell migration and chemoresistance mechanisms.
Synthesis of Multiresponsive Gold@Polymer‐Nanohybrid Materials Using Polymer Precursors Obtained by Photoiniferter RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Lemich Sascha Benedict , Sobania Nils , Meyer Nils‐Felix , Schütz Patrick , Hankiewicz Birgit , Abetz Volker
Published: December 2022

Combining gold nanoparticles (GNP) with stimuli‐responsive polymers is a fascinating field for applications as sensor materials or in biomedical applications. The synthesis of multiresponsive Au@Polymer hybrid systems in an in situ approach using tailor‐made poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (P(DMAEMA)) precursor synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is introduced. In particular, because of its multiresponsive behavior, P(DMAEMA) is of great interest and is used as the precursor for the synthesis. For the polymerization of the precursor, an approach is introduced that applies the photoiniferter RAFT (photoRAFT) mechanism applicable for tertiary amine‐bearing methacrylic monomers like DMAEMA. By varying the chain transfer agents (CTA), the influence of different RAFT Z‐groups on the solubility of the Au‐hybrids is studied. Aging effects are observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. A comprehensive dynamic light scattering (DLS) study reveals the thermoresponsive behavior of the Au‐hybrids in an aqueous solution. The influence of free polymer in solution on the suspension stability is observed. The capability of crosslinking using 1,5‐dibromopentane (DBP) and the CO2 sensitivity of the synthesized hybrids expands the area of their potential application.
Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial of Speech After Early Neurostimulation in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Pinto Serge , Nebel Adelheid , Rau Jörn , Espesser Robert , Maillochon Pauline , Niebuhr Oliver , Krack Paul , Witjas Tatiana , Ghio Alain , Cuartero Marie‐Charlotte , Timmermann Lars , Schnitzler Alfons , Hesekamp Helke , Meier Niklaus , Müllner Julia , Hälbig Thomas D. , Möller Bettina , Paschen Steffen , Paschen Laura , Volkmann Jens , Barbe Michael T. , Fink Gereon R. , Becker Johannes , Reker Paul , Kühn Andrea A. , Schneider Gerd‐Helge , Fraix Valérie , Seigneuret Eric , Kistner Andrea , Rascol Olivier , Brefel‐Courbon Christine , Ory‐Magne Fabienne , Hartmann Christian J. , Wojtecki Lars , Fradet Anne , Maltête David , Damier Philippe , Le Dily Séverine , Sixel‐Döring Friederike , Benecke Petra , Weiss Daniel , Wächter Tobias , Pinsker Marcus O. , Régis Jean , Thobois Stéphane , Polo Gustavo , Houeto Jean‐Luc , Hartmann Andreas , Knudsen Karina , Vidailhet Marie , Schüpbach Michael , Deuschl Günther ,   for the EARLYSTIM Study Group
Published: December 2022

Background

The EARLYSTIM trial demonstrated for Parkinson's disease patients with early motor complications that deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN‐DBS) and best medical treatment (BMT) was superior to BMT alone.

Objective

This prospective, ancillary study on EARLYSTIM compared changes in blinded speech intelligibility assessment between STN‐DBS and BMT over 2 years, and secondary outcomes included non‐speech oral movements (maximum phonation time [MPT], oral diadochokinesis), physician‐ and patient‐reported assessments.

Methods

STN‐DBS (n = 102) and BMT (n = 99) groups underwent assessmentson/offmedication at baseline and 24 months (in four conditions:on/offmedication, ON/OFF stimulation—for STN‐DBS). Words and sentences were randomly presented to blinded listeners, and speech intelligibility rate was measured. Statistical analyses compared changes between the STN‐DBS and BMT groups from baseline to 24 months.

Results

Over the 2‐year period, changes in speech intelligibility and MPT, as well as patient‐reported outcomes, were not different between groups, eitherofforonmedication or OFF or ON stimulation, but most outcomes showed a nonsignificant trend toward worsening in both groups. Change in oral diadochokinesis was significantly different between STN‐DBS and BMT groups,onmedication and OFF STN‐DBS, with patients in the STN‐DBS group performing slightly worse than patients under BMT only. A signal for clinical worsening with STN‐DBS was found for the individual speech item of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III.

Conclusion

At this early stage of the patients' disease, STN‐DBS did not result in a consistent deterioration in blinded speech intelligibility assessment and patient‐reported communication, as observed in studies of advanced Parkinson's Disease. © 2022 The Authors.Movement Disorderspublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Innovative suicide prevention safety planning in the ED involves peers
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2022

Observing that the emergency department (ED) is an important site for suicide prevention efforts and noting that safety planning has been identified as a best practice for suicide prevention among ED patients at increased suicide risk, researchers have embarked on first‐time research examining such efforts.
TAC leader's focus on underserved pays tribute to national champion
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: December 2022

The life experience that the Treatment Advocacy Center's (TAC's) first DJ Jaffe advocate has brought to her role is summarized in her installment of the organization's “Our Stories Are Powerful” email fundraising campaign: “For Black families and other families of color, keeping our loved ones safe involves additional challenges.”
Initiative to develop innovative solutions for people with SMI
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2022

Leaders of a California‐based nonprofit last month issued a call for applications to its new program designed to fast‐track breakthroughs in mental health through startups. One Mind is seeking 10 emerging companies to develop solutions for mental health conditions. The companies will receive a total of $1 million in investment along with mentoring, training and investor access, said officials.
San Diego children's hospital enhances BH integration
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: December 2022

The American Hospital Association (AHA) last month called attention to a San Diego children's hospital joining a growing list of children's facilities pursuing an aggressive behavioral health integration strategy.
MH groups moving forward with Giving Tuesday campaigns
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2022

Mental health groups geared up last week for “Giving Tuesday,” their annual funding, end‐of‐the‐year campaign to support individuals and families with mental illness. The campaign, which launched this year on Tuesday, Nov. 29, is also considered an international day to give support through charities and nonprofits by donating money or volunteering in various industries.
Rice Bran Lipidome Identifies Novel Phospholipids, Glycolipids, and Oxylipins with Roles in Lipid Metabolism of Hypercholesterolemic Children
Authors: Barros Santos Millena Cristina , Barouh Nathalie , Lullien‐Pellerin Valérie , Micard Valérie , Villeneuve Pierre , Zhou Bingqing , Oger Camille , Vigor Claire , Durand Thierry , Ferreira Mariana Simões Larraz , Bourlieu‐Lacanal Claire , Ryan Elizabeth P.
Published: December 2022

Scope

The purpose of the study is to characterize the chemical diversity in rice bran (RB) lipidome and determines whether daily RB consumption for 4 weeks may modulate plasma lipid profiles in children.

Methods and results

Untargeted and targeted lipidomics via ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) are applied to identify bioactive RB lipids from a collection of 17 rice varieties. To determine the impact of RB (Calrose‐USA variety) supplementation on plasma lipid profile, a secondary analysis of plasma lipidome is conducted on data recorded in a clinical study (NCT01911390, n = 18 moderately hypercholesterolemic children) before and after 4 weeks of dietary intervention with a control or RB supplemented (15 g day−1) snack. Untargeted lipidomic reveals 118 lipids as the core of lipidome across all varieties among which phospholipids are abundant and oxylipins present. Phytoprostanes and phytofurans are quantified and characterized. Lipidome analysis of the children plasma following RB consumption reveals the presence of polar lipids and oxylipins alongside putative modulations in endocannabinoids associated with RB consumption.

Conclusion

The investigation of novel polar lipids, oxylipins, phytoprostanes, and phytofurans in RB extracts provides support for new health‐promoting properties interesting for people at risk for cardiometabolic disease.
d‐Allulose Supplementation Prevents Diet‐Induced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation via miR‐130‐Mediated Regulation in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Yamazaki Mirai , Okito Misaki , Harada Akio , Miyake Keisuke , Tamiya Takashi , Nakamura Takehiro
Published: December 2022

Scope

d‐allulose is a low‐calorie rare sugar. It has been reported that d‐allulose supplementation significantly inhibits diet‐induced hepatic fat accumulation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study elucidates the mechanism underlying the suppressive effect of d‐allulose on hepatic fat accumulation in terms of miRNA regulation.

Methods and results

Male C57BL/6 mice are divided into three experimental groups–normal diet and distilled water (CC group), high‐fat diet (HFD) and distilled water (HC group), and HFD and 5% d‐allulose solution (HA group)–and fed the respective diets for 8 weeks. Weight gain is significantly lower in the HA group than that in the HC group, although the caloric intake is the same in both. Histological analysis of liver tissues reveals excessive lipid accumulation in the HC group; this is greatly attenuated in the HA group. Real‐time PCR and western blot analyses demonstrate that, compared to the HC group, the HA group exhibits decreased hepatic PPARγ and CD36 expression. Hepatic miR‐130 expression levels are higher in the HA group than those in the CC and HC groups.

Conclusions

These results indicate that miRNA changes associated with PPARγ may underlie the suppression of hepatic lipid accumulation induced by d‐allulose intake.
Neutralization‐line‐based decoupling for miniaturized MIMO antenna array
Authors: Wu Ting , Wang Jia‐Wei
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a miniaturized multiple‐input, and multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna array is proposed based on quarter‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide. The decoupling structure of composite neutralization lines (NLs) is used to improve the isolation of the MIMO antenna array. Each NL comprises a simple metal strip attached to each of the two antenna radiators to create an extra coupling path that opposes the primitive antenna coupling to reduce mutual coupling. Eventually, the 2 × 2 MIMO antenna array is fabricated and implemented to verify the design. The measured impedance bandwidth of S11 less than −10 dB ranges from 3.48 to 3.52 GHz, and the peak gain of the element is 4.87 dBi, the mutual coupling levels between the orthogonal and the parallel antenna elements are −19.2, −22.6, and −17.9 dB, respectively, making it a suitable candidate for MIMO systems.
Compact filters based on dual‐mode gap waveguide cavities and 3D printing technology
Authors: Shu Minjie , Wu Wenxuan , Yang Qian , Chen Jianzhong , Guo Cheng , Zhang Anxue
Published: December 2022

The design of compact dual‐mode/band filters based on gap waveguide and 3D printing technology is presented in this paper. The spatial power divider is designed to arrange the external coupling. And the multi‐slot middle plate is devised to manage the coupling between the dual‐mode cavities, introducing the non‐resonating modes to produce additional transmission zeros and improving the selectivity. Moreover, the dual‐mode/band filters structure are built up and optimized for 3D printing technology. Finally, the fabricated filters are measured to verify the design.
A novel Vivaldi antenna for UWB detection
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Liu Jianwei , Fan Yucheng , Bai Yuxi
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a modified structure of the Vivaldi antenna based on an FR4 dielectric substrate of 0.8 mm thickness and 110 mm × 96 mm dimensions for ultra‐wideband (UWB) detection systems. The modified Vivaldi antenna has two major novelties. (1) Bottle‐shaped slots are etched on both sides of the classic Vivaldi antenna to extend the surface current path length and concentrate electromagnetic energy. (2) Rectangular metal strips are implemented in front of the exponential slot to guide the UWB radiation waveform in the desired direction. The modified Vivaldi antenna is evaluated using the CST 2020 software and measured using the vector network analyzer ranging from 3 to 8 GHz. The obtained results show that a maximum peak gain of nearly 9 dBi at 4 GHz can be achieved, the radiation efficiency is improved to 80%, the main lobe level is increased, and the side lobe level is decreased. To further demonstrate the performance of the proposed Vivaldi antenna, a UWB imaging experiment is designed. The imaging results show that the imaging system using the proposed antennas can obtain images with good resolution, which indicates that the antenna has good radiation characteristics and can be used for UWB detection applications.
Integration and thermal management of multiwavelength distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Gong Ping , Wang Yiming , Er Zhixuan , Xie Liang
Published: December 2022

Integration of multiwavelength distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) in C‐mount packages is demonstrated in this paper, which is applicable to portable gas sensors. The thermal management is performed by modeling and experimentally verifying. The QCLs with the wavelength of 4492, 5459, 6224, and 9640 nm are integrated. The wavelength tuning range and optical power of each QCL are no smaller than 6.5 nm and 65 mW, respectively. The dimensions of the integrated sources are .