bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Fast-Mapping Abilities of Adults With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: McGregor Karla K. , Eden Nichole , Arbisi-Kelm Timothy , Oleson Jacob
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The aim of the study was to determine the integrity of fast mapping among adults with developmental language disorder (DLD).

Method

Forty-eight adults with DLD or typical language development (TD) were presented with 24 novel words and photos of their unfamiliar referents from the semantic categories of
mammal, bird, fruit,
or
insect
in two conditions. In the fast-mapping condition, 12 of the 24 unfamiliar referents were presented, one at a time alongside a familiar referent (e.g., a dog) and a question (e.g.,
Is the tail of the torato up?
). In the explicit-encoding condition, the other 12 unfamiliar referents were presented alone, one at a time, with a label (e.g.,
This is a spimer
). Immediately after exposure (T1) and again after a 1-day interval (T2), memory for the word-to-exemplar link was measured with a three-alternative forced-choice test, requiring the participant to match a spoken word to one of three pictured referents from the training set. At T2, memory for semantic category information was measured with a four-alternative forced-choice test, requiring the participant to match a spoken word to one of four prototypical silhouettes representing each of the semantic categories.

Results

Performance on word-to-exemplar link recognition was stronger for words learned in the explicit-encoding than the fast-mapping condition and stronger for the TD group than the DLD group. Time was not a significant factor as both groups maintained posttraining levels of performance after a 1-day retention interval. Performance on semantic category recognition was stronger for words learned in the explicit-encoding than the fast-mapping condition and stronger for the TD group than the DLD group. The lower category recognition performance of the DLD group was related to their lower nonverbal IQ scores.

Conclusion

Contexts that allow for explicit encoding yield better learning of word-to-referent links than contexts that allow for fast mapping in both stronger and weaker learners. Adults with DLD have difficulty learning the link between words and referents, whether trained via fast mapping or explicit encoding and whether tested with exemplar or category referents. Retention is a relative strength for adults with DLD.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12765551
Fast calculation of eddy current losses caused by pulse‐width modulation in magnets of surface‐mounted PM machines based on small‐signal time‐harmonic finite element analysis
Authors: Zhu Sa , Hua Wei
Published: August 2020

This study presents a novel method for fast calculating the eddy current losses (ECLs) caused by pulse‐width modulation (PWM) harmonic voltages in the permanent magnets (PMs) of surface‐mounted PM synchronous machines (SPMSMs) with distributed windings or concentrated windings. Based on the small‐signal models of the SPMSMs, the functional relationships between the high‐frequency harmonic voltages (HFHVs) in the rotor reference frame and the corresponding ECLs are investigated with the time‐harmonic finite element analysis (THFEA). Instead of using complex analytical PM ECL models, the relationships are directly established with some numerical methods, such as the Gauss quadrature and the piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation method, based on the results from THFEA. With the functional relationships, the total PM ECL caused by all the HFHVs is simply calculated by summing the ECL generated by each harmonic component in the spectra of the PWM voltage in the rotor reference frame. Both two‐ and three‐dimensional (2D and 3D) models of the SPMSMs are calculated. Besides, to further reduce the needed steps of 3D THFEA, an equivalent 2D THFEA method using modified PM conductivities under different‐axis HFHV excitations is proposed. The merits of the proposed method are validated by comparing with the traditional time‐stepping finite element method.
Constraining the parameter space for the solar nebula
Authors: Lenz Christian T. , Klahr Hubert , Birnstiel Tilman , Kretke Katherine , Stammler Sebastian
Published: August 2020

Context. When we wish to understand planetesimal formation, the only data set we have is our own Solar System. The Solar System is particularly interesting because so far, it is the only planetary system we know of that developed life. Understanding the conditions under which the solar nebula evolved is crucial in order to understand the different processes in the disk and the subsequent dynamical interaction between (proto-)planets after the gas disk has dissolved.

Aims. Protoplanetary disks provide a plethora of different parameters to explore. The question is whether this parameter space can be constrained, allowing simulations to reproduce the Solar System.

Methods. Models and observations of planet formation provide constraints on the initial planetesimal mass in certain regions of the solar nebula. By making use of pebble flux-regulated planetesimal formation, we performed a parameter study with nine different disk parameters such as the initial disk mass, the initial disk size, the initial dust-to-gas ratio, the turbulence level, and others.

Results. We find that the distribution of mass in planetesimals in the disk depends on the timescales of planetesimal formation and pebble drift. Multiple disk parameters can affect the pebble properties and thus planetesimal formation. However, it is still possible to draw some conclusions on potential parameter ranges.

Conclusions. Pebble flux-regulated planetesimal formation appears to be very robust, allowing simulations with a wide range of parameters to meet the initial planetesimal constraints for the solar nebula. This means that it does not require much fine-tuning.
Effect of pebble flux-regulated planetesimal formation on giant planet formation
Authors: Voelkel Oliver , Klahr Hubert , Mordasini Christoph , Emsenhuber Alexandre , Lenz Christian
Published: August 2020

Context. The formation of gas giant planets by the accretion of 100 km diameter planetesimals is often thought to be inefficient. A diameter of this size is typical for planetesimals and results from self-gravity. Many models therefore use small kilometer-sized planetesimals, or invoke the accretion of pebbles. Furthermore, models based on planetesimal accretion often use the ad hoc assumption of planetesimals that are distributed radially in a minimum-mass solar-nebula way.

Aims. We use a dynamical model for planetesimal formation to investigate the effect of various initial radial density distributions on the resulting planet population. In doing so, we highlight the directive role of the early stages of dust evolution into pebbles and planetesimals in the circumstellar disk on the subsequent planet formation.

Methods. We implemented a two-population model for solid evolution and a pebble flux-regulated model for planetesimal formation in our global model for planet population synthesis. This framework was used to study the global effect of planetesimal formation on planet formation. As reference, we compared our dynamically formed planetesimal surface densities with ad hoc set distributions of different radial density slopes of planetesimals.

Results. Even though required, it is not the total planetesimal disk mass alone, but the planetesimal surface density slope and subsequently the formation mechanism of planetesimals that enables planetary growth through planetesimal accretion. Highly condensed regions of only 100 km sized planetesimals in the inner regions of circumstellar disks can lead to gas giant growth.

Conclusions. Pebble flux-regulated planetesimal formation strongly boosts planet formation even when the planetesimals to be accreted are 100 km in size because it is a highly effective mechanism for creating a steep planetesimal density profile. We find that this leads to the formation of giant planets inside 1 au already by pure 100 km planetesimal accretion. Eventually, adding pebble accretion regulated by pebble flux and planetesimal-based embryo formation as well will further complement this picture.
One pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles on ITO surfaces: investigation of optical and electrochemical properties
Authors: El Harfaouia Nadia , Khaaissa Yassine , Nouneh Khalid , Belahmar Ahmed , Talbi Abdelali , El Mabrouk Khalil , Hsissou Rachid , Feddi El Mustapha , Taleb Abdelhafed , El Mouakibi Abderrahim
Published: August 2020

Dense layer of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was successfully prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces by using a refined seed-mediated growth approach (RSMG). Prepared AgNPs/ITO film was investigated using several methods such as UV–vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, optical absorption, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammeter. The size and density of AgNPs on ITO surface were investigated and their governing parameters were discussed. The obtained results by using refined seed-mediated growth approach showed a narrower size distribution and a higher density of prepared AgNPs compared to those prepared by the normal seed-mediated growth method. The size of AgNPs was controlled by adjusting the growth time until 2 h, while if it is higher than 3 h, larger AgNPs with anisotropic shape were formed. Cysteamine molecules were used to ensure the attachment of AgNPs on the ITO surface and it was found to be effective for preparing dense and dispersed Ag NPs on ITO surface. The optical properties of prepared AgNPs layer with different density on the ITO surface were studied and discussed, using the full Mie theory for scattering and absorption by a homogeneous Ag sphere with modified dielectric constants.
RIKEN Accelerator-driven compact neutron systems
Authors: Otake Yoshie
Published: August 2020

RIKEN Accelerator-driven compact neutron source, RANS, has been operational since 2013. There are two major goals of RANS research and development. One is to establish a new compact low energy neutron non-destructive evaluation system on-site of floor-standing type for industrial use. Another goal is to invent a novel transportable compact neutron system for the preventive maintenance of large scale construction such as a bridge. The low energy transmission imaging, neutron diffractometer, small angle scattering instruments, fast neutron transmission imaging, fast neutron back scattering imaging, neutron induced prompt gamma-ray analysis and neutron activation analysis are available with RANS. To solve the lack of nuclear data to develop compact neutron sources, we have created new function which gives neutron spectrum from the 9Be +p reaction with protons of energy below 12 MeV. For further compact neutron system, RANS-II is now ready to generate neutrons in the RANS experimental hall with individual shielding system. The novel proton accelerator tube and 500 MHz solid state high-frequency amplifier for RANS-III, of a transportable neutron system, are now ready to be developed in RIKEN.
Fatigue life assessment regarding different influences on the HCF/VHCF behavior of a martensitic steel
Authors: Milošević Igor , Seisenbacher Benjamin , Winter Gerhard , Grün Florian , Kober Martin
Published: August 2020

Modern applications require a special treatment when the conventional specimen size is much larger than the component size. Additional to that, high sophisticated materials are used for highly loaded components. Often the conventional fatigue limit is exceeded and loads are applied in the VHCF regime. Focus was put on the lifetime calculation and the implementation of investigated fatigue data of a X5CrNiCuNb-16-4 type steel. Two specimen geometries with diameters D7.5=7.5 mm and D2.5=2.5 mm were tested at R=-1, at room temperature and up to 109cycles to failure. The application of different software tools (FEMFAT, fe-safe) showed several issues based on the current results. Results showed a change of crack initiation mechanism to subsurface crack initiation at approx. 2x106cycles to failure. The gradient based correction of the reference fatigue data showed a good applicability up to 2x106cylces. The application of fe-safe allows the flexible modification of S/N parameters over the whole cycle range. The usage of the actual material configuration introduced several important questions regarding the fatigue data and the implementation into lifetime calculation tools.
Influence of microstructural discontinuities on the behaviour of long cracks in the VHCF regime for the aluminium alloys EN AW 6082 and EN AW 5083
Authors: Kirsten Tina , Bülbül Fatih , Wicke Marcel , Christ Hans-Jürgen , Brückner-Foit Angelika , Zimmermann Martina
Published: August 2020

In the present study two different aluminium alloys, the precipitation hardening alloy EN AW 6082 (peak-aged and overaged) and the work-hardening alloy EN AW 5083 (soft annealed) were examined. Fatigue cracks were initiated by means of a focused ion beam notch and a longdistance microscope was used for in-situ observation of the crack growth behaviour. The crack growth was investigated at constant stress intensity factors near the threshold regime. During the insitu investigation a change in crack growth velocity was detected. It could be observed that the barrier function of grain boundaries and primary precipitations are the major reason for crack growth retardation despite the fact that the crack is in the long crack growth range. The microstructural influence becomes more important with decreasing ΔK values, meanwhile the average crack growth rate decreases simultaneously. Experimental results have shown that the Febased precipitates are influencing the crack growth rate for both aluminium alloys. Meanwhile, grain boundaries are causing a deceleration of the crack growth rate primarily in case of the work hardened aluminium alloy. This is assumed to be the reason for the smaller average crack growth rate in EN AW 5083 compared to that observed for the precipitation hardening alloy while applying comparable ΔK values.
Effect of bipropellant combustion products on the rocket nozzle design
Authors: Abada Omar , Abada Abderahim , El-Hirtsi Ahmed Abdallah
Published: August 2020

The focus of this research work is to investigate numerically the effect of adding the gas on the design and performance of axisymmetric MLN nozzles. A FORTRAN code was developed to design this nozzle using the characteristics method (MOC) at high temperature. The thermochemical and combustion studies of the most used liquid propellants on the satellites and launch vehicles allow to known all gases. Four engines are investigated: Ariane 5 (Vulcain 2), Ariane-5 upper stage engine (Aestus), Zenit first stage (RD-170) and Falcon 9 upper stage (Raptor). Thermodynamic analysis of parameters design MLN (such as length, Mach number, mass, thrust coefficient) was conducted. The comparison shows that the presence of 50% of H2O gas in combustion species increases the nozzle design parameters (diatomic gas including air) in the order of 25%. On the other hand, the existence of CO2 gas considerably increases approximately 35% the length and the exhaust radius. These rise depend on gases percentage in the combustion. The truncation method is applied in the MLN nozzles to optimize the thrust/weight ratio.
Optimization of experimental conditions on preparation of oxidized pellets with New Zealand sea sand ore
Authors: Xing Zhenxing , Cheng Gongjin , Gao Zixian , Yang He , Xue Xiangxin
Published: August 2020

In the iron and steel industry, improving the usage amount of New Zealand sea sand ore as a raw material for ironmaking can reduce the production costs of iron and steel enterprises to a certain extent. In this paper, the New Zealand sea sand ore without any grinding pretreatment was used as raw material, oxidized pellets were prepared by using a disc pelletizer, and the experimental conditions for preparing oxidized pellets were investigated and optimized. The effects of binder dosages, roasting temperature and roasting time on the properties of pellets were mainly investigated, and the effects of roasting temperature and roasting time on the microstructure of oxidized pellets was discussed by researching XRD patterns and SEM-EDS. With the increase of binder dosages, the drop strength of green pellets and the compressive strength of oxidized pellets were gradually increased. With the increase of roasting temperature and roasting time, the compressive strength of oxidized pellets increased gradually. When the amount of New Zealand sea sand ore was increased to 40–50%, the optimal process conditions for the preparation of oxidized pellets were as follows: the dosage of binder was 1.5%, the roasting temperature was 1200 °C, and the roasting time was 20 min.
Comment permettre la mise place d’une dynamique d’alliance thérapeutique entre une famille et une équipe de soins lors d’une première hospitalisation pour un épisode psychotique
Authors: Roche-Rabreau Danièle
Published: August 2020

L’auteur décrit la réflexion du groupe pluridisciplinaire sur l’alliance thérapeutique entre équipes soignantes et familles lors d’une première hospitalisation pour un épisode psychotique.

Cette alliance thérapeutique émerge et se développe dans le cadre du « système thérapeutique » constitué par la rencontre de deux groupes : le groupe famille et le groupe « équipe thérapeutique » regroupés autour de cette situation singulière et chargée émotionnellement d’une décompensation psychotique et de l’hospitalisation d’un(e) jeune.

Dans cette optique, il s’agit donc de passer de la logique individuelle propre à la médecine pour passer à une logique groupale, d’une lecture purement médicale à une lecture plu- riaxiale. Alors, savoir médical et savoir profane de la famille peuvent s’énoncer et s’articuler au lieu de s’opposer.

Enfin dans ce processus, la temporalité, les étapes et l’interactivité permet de gérer la part d’incertitude diagnostic et pronostic qui caractérise ces situations.

Ce travail d’alliance permet d’éviter les ruptures de soins et optimise les capacités thérapeutiques des équipes et préserve l’avenir.
La psychiatrie de la personne âgée, une identité en questions
Authors: Jovelet Georges
Published: August 2020

Si l’appellation psychiatrie de la personne âgée (PPA) est désormais fixée par l’intitulé de l’option dans le parcours de formation des internes, son identité reste discutée, à géométrie et reconnaissance variables. D’où l’intérêt de questionner les voies de son autonomisation, d’en faire une analyse historique critique et d’en délimiter les zones d’influence. À qui s’adresse-t-elle, quels en sont les acteurs et les missions. La notion d’identité permet de dessiner l’horizon du soin psychothérapique et psychiatrique aux personnes âgées en prenant en compte la réalité psychique du patient mais aussi ses représentations institutionnelles et sociales. La qualité des soins est tributaire des moyens mobilisés par une politique de santé mentale dans laquelle l’intégration du vieillissement, du handicap psychique et de la dépendance n’est pas encore réalisée. L’avenir de cette sur-spécialité est en outre tributaire d’orientations scientifiques, syndicales, politiques qui dépassent un consensus opérationnel pour dessiner une stratégie identitaire de rupture, une refondation. Son défi consiste à en faire reconnaître l’originalité et la nécessité, à développer son attractivité professionnelle et répondre aux besoins en soins psychiques et psychiatriques d’une population en expansion.
L’hospitalisation en service de psychiatrie de la personne âgée : enjeux cliniques et institutionnels
Authors: Fredouille Jérôme
Published: August 2020

Structurées en fonction des dispositifs ambulatoires sectoriels existants, ou trouvant leur cohérence autour d’un mandat de soin propre, les unités intra-hospitalières de géronto-psychiatrie se révèlent un outil de soin précieux et peu interchangeable, caractérisé par une très grande capacité de contenance psychique si nécessaire à nos patients âgés. Quelques exemples cliniques nous permettent de repérer que cette contenance naît d’un plaisir de fonctionnement, que favorise le climat particulier de ces unités, et sur lequel s’étayera celui du patient à comprendre son histoire.

Des choix comptables, qui conduiraient à la fermeture de ces lits d’hospitalisation, constitueraient une privation aveugle et regrettable d’outil de soin, en ne distinguant pas entre un investissement coûteux mais bénéfique au plan humain et un saupoudrage de dispositifs bon marché mais peu en mesure d’instaurer des soins psychiques.
La création du Centre de traitement et réadaptation sociale de Ville-Évrard
Authors: Diatkine-Follin Dominique
Published: August 2020

Tentative de description d’un service de psychiatrie public créé dans l’immédiate après-guerre à Ville-Évrard (Neuilly-sur-Marne) en 1948 par le Docteur Paul Sivadon, dans le but de transformer radicalement le vécu asilaire des malades par la mise en œuvre de dispositifs de soins prenant en considération l’homme dans son unité et sa dignité. Le projet de réadaptation sociale incluse dans l’intitulé se déploie au travers de diverses activités soutenues par le soin, la relation interpersonnelle restaurant le lien psychique altéré par le processus morbide. La création du CTRS fut rendue possible grâce aux dotations négociées avec les représentants de la Sécurité Sociale, en accord avec la politique globale de santé publique inaugurée en 1945. Deux autres services psychiatriques sont devenus CTRS, l’un dirigé par le Dr L. Le Guillant à Villejuif (94), l’autre dirigé par le Dr H. Ey à Bonneval (28).
Stellenwert der Orthetik für die Wirbelsäule des Erwachsenen – Ergebnisse einer Umfrage und Diskussion der Literatur
Authors: Spiegl U. J. , Götz A. , Grüninger S. , Hilber F. , Müller M. , Osterhoff G. , Scheyerer M. J. , Schnake K. J. , Heyde C.-E.
Published: August 2020

Die Möglichkeiten der orthetischen Therapie von Pathologien an der Wirbelsäule sind umfangreich und können unübersichtlich sein. Zunächst muss der betroffenen Lokalisation an der Wirbelsäule Rechnung getragen werden. Darüber hinaus muss das Behandlungsziel, das durch die Orthesenanwendung erreicht werden soll, klar definiert sein. Das Wirkprinzip der verwendeten Orthese sollte daran ausgerichtet sein. Insgesamt sind die therapeutischen Mittel- und Langzeiteffekte der Orthesentherapie für die meisten Pathologien an der Wirbelsäule überwiegend unzureichend. Lediglich bei osteoporotischen Frakturen von älteren Frauen ist ein muskelstimulierender Effekt bei der Verwendung von Aktivorthesen nachgewiesen. Demgegenüber weist eine deutschsprachige Umfrage über die nationale Orthesenanwendung an der Wirbelsäule eine heterogene Anwenderhäufigkeit auf. Insbesondere die häufige Anwendung im Rahmen der konservativen Therapie von traumatischen Wirbelkörperfrakturen als auch die häufige postoperative Orthesenverwendung basiert nicht auf der Grundlage der aktuellen Literatur.
Unerwarteter Anstieg des extravasalen Lungenwassers nach akutem Lungenversagen
Authors: Eckle Veit-Simon , Witzenrath Martin , Müller-Redetzky Holger
Published: August 2020

Anamnese und klinischer Befund Wir berichten von einer 27-jährigen Patientin, die im Rahmen einer Pneumonie ein akutes Lungenversagen entwickelte. Über eine transpulmonale Thermodilutionsmethode konnte ein erhöhtes extravasales Lungenwasser (17 ml/kg) festgestellt werden. Die Patientin erhielt eine kalkulierte antibiotische Therapie, wurde Lungen-protektiv beatmet und eine Negativbilanzierung wurde angestrebt. Im Verlauf kam es zu einer respiratorischen Verbesserung bei rückläufigen Entzündungsparametern und einem reduzierten extravasalen Lungenwasser (10 ml/kg). Im weiteren Verlauf stieg jedoch das extravasale Lungenwasser deutlich an (29 ml/kg).

Untersuchungen und Diagnose In der Röntgen-Thorax-Aufnahme war die Spitze des zentralen Venenkatheters in die Vena jugularis interna disloziert. 7 Tage zuvor hatte sich die Katheterspitze korrekt auf die Vena cava superior projiziert.

Therapie und Verlauf Nach Neu-Anlage des zentralen Venenkatheters konnte wieder ein extravasales Lungenwasser von 10 ml/kg gemessen werden. Nach insgesamt 10 Behandlungstagen auf Intensivstation konnte die Patientin erfolgreich extubiert werden.

Folgerung Als Mechanismus für die Katheterspitzen-Dislokation kommen ein Valsalva-Manöver der Patientin oder spontane Bewegungen des Oberkörpers infrage. Bei einem plötzlichen Anstieg des extravasalen Lungenwassers muss differenzialdiagnostisch eine Dislokation der Spitze des zentralen Venenkatheters in Betracht gezogen und radiologisch ausgeschlossen werden.
Wound Infection after CABG Using Internal Mammary Artery Grafts: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Oswald Irina , Boening Andreas , Pons-Kuehnemann Joern , Grieshaber Philippe
Published: August 2020

Background Internal mammary arteries show better long-term patency rates than venous grafts. The use of both mammary arteries is associated with a higher risk of sternal wound infections. This meta-analysis was designed to assess the incidence of a wound healing disorder after bilateral compared with single mammary artery bypass grafting. Compared with existing meta-analysis this paper includes more current literature and one randomized controlled trial.

Methods A literature search was performed using PubMed and the Cochrane Library. The quality of the articles was assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. The odds ratio was used as a measure of the chance of developing a wound healing disorder after bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) surgery. Meta-analyses were performed for different subgroups.

Results Twenty studies met the quality criteria, including one randomized controlled trial. The use of both mammary arteries significantly increased the risk of superficial (odds ratio [OR] 1.72) and deep (OR 1.75) wound healing disorder in the total population (OR 1.80) as well as in the diabetic subgroup (OR 1.38) and with both preparation techniques. The increased risk with BIMA grafting was present independently of the preparation technique (pedicled: OR 1.89, skeletonized: OR 1.37).

Conclusion Bilateral internal mammary artery grafting, especially in high-risk and diabetic patients, is associated with an increased risk of wound healing impairment. Skeletonized preparation does not eliminate the elevated wound healing disorder risk after BIMA use.
Genetics and Hemostatic Potential in Persons with Mild to Moderate Hemophilia A with a Discrepancy between One-Stage and Chromogenic FVIII Assays
Authors: Strålfors Annelie , Mikovic Danijela , Schmidt David , Onelöv Liselotte , Soutari Nida Mahmoud Hourani , Berndtson Maria , Chaireti Roza , Holmström Margareta , Antovic Jovan P. , Bruzelius Maria
Published: August 2020

Background Factor VIII (FVIII) activity (FVIII:C) can be measured by different methods including one-stage clotting assays (OSAs) and chromogenic assays (CSAs). Discrepancy between FVIII:C assays is known and associated with genetic variations causing mild and moderate hemophilia A (HA). We aimed to study the discrepancy phenomenon and to identify associated genetic alterations. Further, we investigated if hemostatic global assays could discriminate the group with discrepant FVIII:C from them.

Methods The study contained plasma samples from 45 patients with HA (PwHA) from Hemophilia Centers in Stockholm, Sweden, and Belgrade, Serbia. We measured FVIII:C with OSA and CSA, sequenced the F8 gene, and performed two global hemostatic assays; endogenous thrombin potential and overall hemostatic potential.

Results Nineteen of 45 PwHA had a more than twofold higher FVIII:C using OSA compared to CSA and were considered discrepant. Thirty-four causal mutations were detected, where of five had not previously been associated with assay discrepancy. These novel mutations were p.Tyr25Cys, p.Phe698Leu, p.Met699Leu, p.Ile1698Thr, and Ala2070Val. We found no difference between discrepant and nondiscrepant cases with either of the global assays.

Conclusion There was a discrepancy between FVIII:C assays in almost half of the PwHA, which for some could lead to missed HA diagnoses or misclassification of severity. Genotyping confirmed that mutations associated with FVIII:C discrepancy cluster in the A domains of F8, and five mutations not previously associated with FVIII:C discrepancy was identified. Global hemostatic assays did not contribute to distinguish assay discrepancy in PwHA.
Characterizing tilt effects on wind plants
Authors: Scott Ryan , Bossuyt Juliaan , Cal Raúl Bayoán
Published: August 2020

Tilting the nacelle of a wind turbine modifies entrainment into the wind plant and impacts total efficiency. Wakes are deflected vertically by tilt and in the case of large angles can disrupt entertainment from the undisturbed flow or dissipate on the ground. The effect of nacelle tilt on wake behavior is investigated in a series of wind tunnel experiments for the first time. Scale model turbines with a hub height and a diameter of 12 cm are arranged in a Cartesian array composed of four rows of three turbines each. The tilt angle was varied in the third turbine row from −15° to 15° in chosen 5° increments. Stereo particle image velocimetry measurements of the instantaneous velocity field were recorded at four locations for each angle. Tilted wakes are described in terms of the average streamwise velocity, vertical velocity, and Reynolds stresses. Mean kinetic energy quantities are presented, and conditional sampling is employed to quantify the importance of sweep to ejection events in vertical momentum transfer. Additionally, the effect of nacelle tilt on net power production is presented and compared to existing models. Numerical simulations accurately predict losses in net efficiency for positive angles but diverge for negative tilt angles. The results demonstrate that the tilt angle influences wake magnitude, displacement, and recovery. Positive angles deflect wakes above the wind plant, while negative angles encourage entrainment into the wind plant and exhibit rapid recovery.
Influence of annular electron beam uniformities on the microwave characteristics in an S-band relativistic klystron amplifier
Authors: Wang Tengfang , Huang Hua , Jin Xiao , Chen Fang , Liu Zhenbang , Li Shifeng , Peng Shuming , Zhao Guangyi
Published: August 2020

The non-uniform annular electron beam models are established based on the annular cathode explosive emission luminescence images. The influence of electron beam uniformities on the microwave characteristics of an annular structure S-band relativistic klystron amplifier output cavity is investigated with particle-in-cell simulations. The electron beam non-uniformities are simulated using four different electron emission models: (1) continuous area without emission, (2) spaced emission, (3) enhanced emission, and (4) current density variation emission. The simulation results with the first emission model show that the output power decreases as the continuous area without emission increases, while the continuous area without emission has little effect on the frequency and pulse width. The simulation results with the second emission model show that the output power of the spaced emission is related to the distribution of non-emission areas. The more evenly the areas without emission are distributed on the annular cathode, the greater the output power is. The simulation results with the third emission model show that the higher the current density in the local area is, the smaller the output power is. The simulation results with the fourth emission model show that the fluctuation of current density causes the fluctuation of frequency and output power. The larger the change area of the current density is, the greater the fluctuation amplitudes of the output power and frequency are. The larger the fluctuation amplitude of current density is, the greater the fluctuation amplitudes of the output power and frequency are.
Temperature dependence of interaction parameters of Cu–Si liquid alloy
Authors: Gohivar R. K. , Koirala R. P. , Yadav S. K. , Adhikari D.
Published: August 2020

The thermodynamic and structural properties of Cu–Si liquid alloys were computed at different temperatures assuming that the interaction parameters were linearly and exponentially dependent on the temperature in the framework of R–K polynomials. Both these assumptions were found appropriate in explaining the mixing properties of the alloy near the melting temperature. However, the assumption of the linear temperature dependence of interaction parameters could not explain the properties of the alloy when the temperature was elevated. The exponential temperature dependence of the interaction parameters was found successful in explaining the thermodynamic and structural properties of the alloys over a large temperature range.
Significant enhancement of near-field radiative heat transfer between black phosphorus-covered hyperbolic metamaterial
Authors: Wang Zhongxing , Shen Zhonglei , Han Donghai , Xu Yafei , Becton Matthew , Wang Xianqiao , Zhang Liuyang , Chen Xuefeng
Published: August 2020

Hyperbolic metamaterial, a novel type of anisotropic bulk material, can enhance the near-field radiation heat transfer (NFRHT) via supporting unbounded hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPPs). A cutting-edge two-dimensional material, black phosphorous (BP), also gives a rise to promising performance in the NFRHT due to its excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Here, by coupling SPPs with HPPs, we have proposed a hybrid heterostructure that consists of a single top-covered BP layer with doped-Si nanowire arrays (D-SiNWs) and explored the NFRHT between two heterostructures separated by a vacuum gap. The hybrid heterostructure enables a significant enhancement of NFRHT contributed to the excited hybridized modes of BP plasmons and HPPs. The SPPs of BP expand the effective range of HPPs to the high-k space, resulting in a heat transfer coefficient that is 2.9 times and 1.7 times larger than that of two D-SiNWs and two monolayer BPs, respectively. Influences of electron density of BP are conclusively clarified from the profile of the plasma dispersion relation. Thus, it is expected that the proposed configuration can be used to regulate the near-field heat transfer in a tunable fashion and shed light on an invaluable technique toward the design of two-dimensional materials for thermal and electrical applications.
Current-induced torques in black phosphorus/permalloy bilayers due to crystal symmetry
Authors: Lv Wenxing , Cai Jialin , Li Zhilin , Lv Weiming , Shao Yan , Li Shangkun , Zhang Baoshun , Chang Yukai , Liu Zhongyuan , Zeng Zhongming
Published: August 2020

Current-induced spin-torques in two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures have attracted extensive attention due to their importance in understanding the underlying fundamental physics and developing low-power dissipation nanoelectronics. Here, the Permalloy/black phosphorus (BP) bilayer devices are fabricated, and spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) measurements are utilized to investigate the spin-torque effect in the heterostructure. An obvious out-of-plane antidamping torque is observed, which could be associated with the broken mirror symmetry of BP. These results show the possibility of manipulating magnetization by semiconductor field-effect devices based on 2D materials and provide a clear avenue for engineering spintronic devices based on 2D materials.
Global gyrokinetic particle simulations of microturbulence in W7-X and LHD stellarators
Authors: Wang H. Y. , Holod I. , Lin Z. , Bao J. , Fu J. Y. , Liu P. F. , Nicolau J. H. , Spong D. , Xiao Y.
Published: August 2020

Global gyrokinetic particle simulations of electrostatic ion temperature gradient (ITG) instability show that the most unstable eigenmode is localized to some magnetic fieldlines or discrete locations on the poloidal plane in the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator due to its mirror-like magnetic fields, which vary strongly in the toroidal direction and induce coupling of more toroidal harmonics (n) to form the linear eigenmode than in the Large Helical Device (LHD) stellarator. Nonlinear electrostatic simulation results show that self-generated zonal flows are the dominant saturation mechanism for the ITG instabilities in both the LHD and W7-X. Furthermore, radial widths of the fluctuation intensity in both the LHD and W7-X are significantly broadened from the linear phase to the nonlinear phase due to turbulence spreading. Finally, nonlinear spectra in the W7-X are dominated by low-n harmonics, which can be generated both by nonlinear toroidal coupling of high-n harmonics and by linear toroidal coupling with large amplitude zonal flows due to the 3D equilibrium magnetic fields.
Integration of multi-layer black phosphorus into photoconductive antennas for THz emission
Authors: Doha M. H. , Santos Batista J. I. , Rawwagah A. F. , Thompson J. P. , Fereidouni A. , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , El-Shenawee M. , Churchill H. O. H.
Published: August 2020

We report the fabrication, characterization, and modeling of photoconductive antennas (PCAs) using 40 nm thin-film flakes of black phosphorus (BP) as the photoconductor and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as a capping layer to prevent oxidation of BP. Dipole antennas were fabricated on oxidized high-resistivity Si substrates, and BP and hBN flakes were picked up and transferred onto the antenna inside a nitrogen glovebox. The transfer matrix technique was used to optimize the thickness of BP and hBN for maximum absorption. BP flakes were aligned with the armchair axis along the anode–cathode gap of the antenna, with crystal orientation measured using reflection anisotropy. Photocurrent imaging under illumination with 100 fs pulses at 780 and 1560 nm showed a bias-dependent maximum photocurrent localized to the antenna gap with a peak photoconductivity of 1 (2) S/cm in the linear regime of bias for excitation at 780 (1560) nm. Photocurrent saturation in bias (pump fluence) occurred at approximately 1 V (0.25mJ/cm2). Device performance was modeled numerically by solving Maxwell’s equations and the drift–diffusion equation to obtain the photocurrent density in response to pulsed laser excitation, which was largely in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations. THz output computed from surface current density suggests that BP THz PCA performance is at least comparable to more traditional devices based on low-temperature-grown GaAs. These devices represent a step toward high-performance THz photoconductive antennas using BP.
A kinetic Fokker–Planck approach for modeling variable hard-sphere gas mixtures
Authors: Hepp Christian , Grabe Martin , Hannemann Klaus
Published: August 2020

Kinetic Fokker–Planck (FP) methods for modeling rarefied gas flows have received increasing attention over the last few years. However, formulating such models for realistic multi-species gases is still an open subject of research. Therefore, in this letter, we develop a kinetic FP model for describing gas mixtures with particles interacting according to the variable hard-sphere interaction potential. In accordance with the kinetic FP framework, a stochastic solution algorithm is employed in order to solve the model on a particle level. Different test cases are carried out, and the performance of the proposed method is compared with the direct simulation Monte Carlo algorithm.
Active control of the transmission of Lamb waves through an elastic metamaterial
Authors: Wang W. , Bonello B. , Djafari-Rouhani B. , Fang X. , Pennec Y. , Zhao J. , Jin Y.
Published: August 2020

We have numerically investigated the transmission of an antisymmetric Lamb wave through a line of silicon pillars erected onto a homogeneous silicon plate when the frequency is tuned to a resonant frequency of the pillars. For either a bending mode or a compressional mode, the resonators emit in the plate a wave 180° out-of-phase with the exciting Lamb wave, resulting in dips in the transmission spectrum. We show that transmission at resonance can be actively controlled by applying an external force, either tangential (bending eigenmode) or axial (compressional eigenmode), on top of the pillars. The transmission coefficient can be precisely controlled by finely tuning either the phase or the amplitude of the external force. For specific dimensions of the structure, both resonant modes arise at the same frequency. This geometry has the advantage of offering an additional degree of freedom for the direction of the external force but is less favorable from an energy point of view.
Experimental realization of dual task processing with a photonic reservoir computer
Authors: Vatin Jeremy , Rontani Damien , Sciamanna Marc
Published: August 2020

We experimentally demonstrate the possibility to process two tasks in parallel with a photonic reservoir computer based on a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) as a physical node with time-delay optical feedback. The two tasks are injected optically by exploiting the polarization dynamics of the VCSEL. We test our reservoir with the very demanding task of nonlinear optical channel equalization as an illustration of the performance of the system and show the recover of two signals simultaneously with an error rate of 0.3% (3%) for a 25 km-fiber distortion (50 km-fiber distortion) at a processing speed of 51.3 Mb/s.
Photoacoustic imaging for surgical guidance: Principles, applications, and outlook
Authors: Lediju Bell Muyinatu A.
Published: August 2020

Minimally invasive surgeries often require complicated maneuvers and delicate hand–eye coordination and ideally would incorporate “x-ray vision” to see beyond tool tips and underneath tissues prior to making incisions. Photoacoustic imaging has the potential to offer this feature but not with ionizing x-rays. Instead, optical fibers and acoustic receivers enable photoacoustic sensing of major structures—such as blood vessels and nerves—that are otherwise hidden from view. This imaging process is initiated by transmitting laser pulses that illuminate regions of interest, causing thermal expansion and the generation of sound waves that are detectable with conventional ultrasound transducers. The recorded signals are then converted to images through the beamforming process. Photoacoustic imaging may be implemented to both target and avoid blood-rich surgical contents (and in some cases simultaneously or independently visualize optical fiber tips or metallic surgical tool tips) in order to prevent accidental injury and assist device operators during minimally invasive surgeries and interventional procedures. Novel light delivery systems, counterintuitive findings, and robotic integration methods introduced by the Photoacoustic & Ultrasonic Systems Engineering Lab are summarized in this invited Perspective, setting the foundation and rationale for the subsequent discussion of the author’s views on possible future directions for this exciting frontier known as photoacoustic-guided surgery.
Charge transfer via spin flip configuration interaction: Benchmarks and application to singlet fission
Authors: Jiang Hanjie , Zimmerman Paul M.
Published: August 2020

Charge transfer and multi-exciton states are among the most difficult to characterize using electronic structure theories. Previously, restricted active space-spin flip (RAS-SF) methods have been applied to describe multi-exciton states, but these have not yet been shown to be useful for charge-transfer states. Herein, a variant of RAS-SF is introduced to treat charge-transfer states and electronic couplings. This approach relies on partitioning of the full RAS-SF Hamiltonian into charge-transfer and non-charge-transfer blocks, allowing the different types of diabatic states to be resolved in a straightforward fashion. To demonstrate this approach in practice, model dimer systems, intramolecular charge-transfer dyads, and an intramolecular singlet fission system were examined. Being low-cost and relatively accurate, RAS-SF provides important insight into electron transfer pathways in conventional donor–acceptor systems, as well as characterizations of charge transfer mechanisms involving strongly correlated multi-exciton states. Studies of electron transfer from an intramolecular singlet fission chromophore to an anthraquinone acceptor demonstrate the unique capabilities of the proposed RAS-SF method.
Complex care needs and devolution in Greater Manchester: a pilot study to explore social care innovation in newly integrated service arrangements for older people
Authors: Malik Baber , Wells Jude , Hughes Jane , Clarkson Paul , Keady John , Young Alys , Challis David
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe emergent approaches to integrated care for older people with complex care needs and investigate the viability of measuring integrated care.
MethodsA case study approach was used. Sites were recruited following discussion with senior staff in health and social care agencies. Service arrangements were categorised using a framework developed by the researchers. To investigate joint working within the sites, the development model for integrated care was adapted and administered to the manager of each service. Data were collected in 2018.
ResultsSix case study sites were recruited illustrating adult social care services partnerships in services for older people with home care providers, mental health and community nursing services. Most were established in 2018. Service arrangements were characterised by joint assessment and informal face-to-face discussions between staff. The development of an infrastructure to promote partnership working was evident between adult social care and each of the other services and most developed with home care providers. There was little evidence of a sequential approach to the development of integrated working practices.
ConclusionComponents of partnerships promoting integrated care have been highlighted and understanding of the complexity of measuring integrated care enhanced. Means of information sharing and work force development require further consideration.
What is known about the topic?The devolution of health and social care arrangements in Greater Manchester has aroused considerable interest in much wider arenas. Necessarily much of the focus in available material has been upon strategic development, analysis of broader trends and mechanisms and a concern with changes in the healthcare system.
What does this paper add?The findings from this study will enable emerging approaches to be described and codified, and permit the specific social care contribution to the new arrangements to be discerned. The findings are relevant beyond the immediate context of Greater Manchester to wider integrated care. The evidence can be used by commissioners and services, providing a sound basis for further work as service systems develop.
What are the implications for practitioners?This research is important because it is one of the first pieces of work to examine the new integrated care arrangements in Greater Manchester. By providing guidance to promote evidence-based practice, this study contributes to service development in Greater Manchester and the achievement of the broad national service objectives of improving user and carer experiences and ensuring value for money.