bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polustoljetni dug
Authors: Buterin Toni , Muzur Amir , Vlahović-Palčevski Vera
Published: June 2021

Unatoč nekim ranijim značajnim otkrićima i raširenoj uspješnoj praksi vakcinacije, povijest razumijevanja imunoloških mehanizama zapravo je razmjerno kratka i povezuje se tek s drugom polovicom 20. stoljeća kada se, između ostaloga, iznalaze i zakonitosti aktivacije tih mehanizama od ključnog značenja za transplantacijsku medicinu. Među prvim stručnjacima koji su se u Hrvatskoj okrenuli ovim temama bio je Šime Vlahović. Rođenjem Splićanin, diplomirao je i doktorirao u Zagrebu. Na problemima transplantacijske imunologije radio je 1963. – 1965. u najboljim centrima u SAD-u. Riječki zavod za fiziologiju vodio je 1965. – 1977., od 1976. u zvanju redovitog profesora. Bio je dobitnik nagrade Ruđer Bošković i drugih, ali je njegov krucijalni prinos riječkoj i hrvatskoj medicinskoj baštini svakako premalo poznat. Temeljeći se na obiteljskoj arhivi i sjećanjima, ovaj rad uzeo je zadaćom pokušati makar i dijelom ispraviti tu prazninu. Zahvaljujući upravo Šimi Vlahoviću i njegovoj imunološkoj pripremi bolesnika i, naravno, velikom timu predvođenom kirurgom Vinkom Frančiškovićem, u siječnju 1971. izvedeno je prvo presađivanje bubrega u Hrvatskoj sa živog srodnika (s majke na sina), a godinu dana poslije i s kadavera. U desetljećima koja slijede razvijan je u Rijeci i eksperimentalni program transplantacije jetre i gušterače. Danas možemo samo spekulirati o intrigantnim pravcima razvitka riječke transplantacijske i imunologijske škole kojima bi je poveo Šime Vlahović da nije preminuo već s nepunih 45 godina.
EVALUASI PERENCANAAN MENGGUNAKAN 2 METODE DI RUAS JALAN ANJIR PASAR
Authors: Irpansyah Ahmad noor , Adriyati Ria
Published: June 2021

Jalan Anjir Pasar Marabahan Daerah Wanaraya Kabupaten Barito Kuala ini berada pada daerah rawa merupakan jalur transportasi sangat penting dalam kegitan-kegiatan pergerakan manusia dan barang yang dapat meningkatkan perkembangan ekonomi daerah dan wilayah tersebut dari penelitian yang dibuat ini untuk mencari perhitungan tebal lapis perkerasan jalan untuk jalan baru dan mencari perbandingan tebal lapis perkerasan jalan untuk jalan baru. Dari data yang diperoleh, maka membuat suatu perhitungan perbedaan pada Tebal Lapis Perkerasan tersebut. Perhitungan yang digunakan adalah Metode Analisa Komponen dan Metode Manual Desain Perkerasan Jalan 2013 dengan data-data yang digunakan seperti data lalu lintas, data CBR (California bearing ratio), data jumlah penduduk dan data curah hujan. Hasil dari penelitian tersebut bahwa didapat perbandingan tebal lapis perkerasan dari Metode Analisa Komponen yaitu Laston dengan tebal 5 cm, LPA (agregat kelas A) dengan tebal 15 cm,  LPB (agregat kelas B) dengan tebal 10 cm. Sedangkan dengan  Metode Manual Desain Perkerasan Jalan 2013 yaitu Burda dengan tebal 2 cm, LPA (agregat kelas A) dengan tebal 25 cm dan Lapis Penopang dengan tebal 35 cm.
PERUBAHAN PENAMPANG SALURAN PADA BELOKAN AKIBAT PERUBAHAN PARAMETER ALIRAN
Authors: Djunur Lutfi Hair , Gaffar Farida , Kasmawati Kasmawati
Published: June 2021

Perubahan morfologi saluran dapat terjadi secara alami karena kondisi alam yang tidak dapat dihindarkan seperti adanya tikungan pada saluran. Aliran yang melengkung dan menelusuri dinding  saluran bagian luar akan mempengaruhi material dinding saluran yang disebut erosi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perubahan parameter aliran terhadap gerusan dibelokan pada sisi dalam dan sisi luar belokan saluran  dan menganalisa kedalaman serta volume gerusan yang terjadi di sekitar belokan sungai.Penelitian dilakukan dengan uji model eksperimental di laboratorium dengan menggunakan 4 variasi debit (Q) dan 1 variasi belokan saluran yaitu 300 dan 4 variasi waktu pengaliran yaitu  15, 30, 45 dan 60 menit dengan tinggi aliran air h = 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; dan 5,0 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa volume gerusan yang terjadi di belokan saluran akibat peningkatan debit aliran diakibatkan oleh meningkatnya kecepatan aliran yang berbanding lurus terhadap debit aliran. Volume terjadinya gerusan pada jarak melintang dari pusat (x1 = 20 cm) paling besar terjadi gerusan dan (x3 = 70 cm) paling besar terjadi endapan, hal ini diakibatkan oleh kecepatan aliran ditikungan akan bergerak kearah luar belokan, setelah melewati pertengahan belokan kecepatan transversal menelusuri lengkung luar belokan.
EFFECTIVENESS IN HUMANS OF AN ANTIVIRAL DRUG BASED ON CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS WITH SPECIFIC DESIGN AND ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION AGAINST COVID-19 SYMPTOMS IN A GROUP OF INFECTED PATIENTS VS. CONTROL GROUP
Authors: Angulo Orlando , Restrepo Hector Fabio , León Higuera José Gabriel , Leon Garcia Mario , Mendive Fernando , Politi Matteo
Published: June 2021

Objective

To establish the therapeutic action of a nicotinic cholinergic agonist agent composition in synergy with other non-cholinergic molecules (CA) in the COVID-19 symptoms in a group of human patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 vs. control group. 

Methods

Randomized open-label trial pilot study where 80 patients were randomly assigned to receive standard of care (SOC) treatment as outpatient treatment after PCR+ test; SOC plus CA was administered in the intervention group (40 patients). SOC was administered in the control group (40 patients).

Basic Odds Ratio study (95% confidence interval) in 40 patients for intervention group and 40 patients for the control group. The evaluation in the groups was carried out during 15 days assessing the improvement or worsening of each symptom daily.

Results:

Fever (OR=0.897), Cough (OR = 0.571), Dyspnea (OR = 0.460), Muscle fatigue (OR = 0.250), Cephalea (OR = 0,570), Ageusia (OR = 0.150), Anosmia (OR = 0.650), General malaise (OR = 0.316), Nasal congestion (OR= 0.890), are less than 1 converting the use of the cholinergic agent in a protective and therapeutic factor showing therefore improvement of these symptoms, after its use, compared to the control group.

Conclusions:

The positive results obtained on the symptoms caused by COVID-19 by delivering mixture of cholinergic agonists molecules and other non-cholinergic supportive molecules (CA) with special oral and nasal route of administration and specific pharmacological design against COVID-19 in humans infected by SARS-CoV-2 versus the control group is a (novel) promising therapeutic approach to fight SARS-COV-2. Larger multicentrical trials in humans are encouraged.
Метанның конверсиясына қолданылатын катализаторлар
Authors: Мылтыкбаева Л , Досумов K , Ергазиева Г , Тельбаева М , Жанатова Ә , Асанов Н , Макаева Н , Шаймерден Ж
Published: June 2021

Бұл мақалада табиғи газды каталитикалық өңдеудің метанның жартылай, толық, су буымен, көмірқышқылды тотығуы және ыдырау секілді  заманауи бағыттары көрсетілген. Үлкен энергетикалық ресурстарымен бай Қазақстан үшін газ ресурстарын құнды химиялық өнімдерді алуға мүмкіндік беретін жаңа газхимиялық технологияларды құру маңызды болып табылады.  Қазіргі уақытта осы реакцияларға негізделген процестер өндірісте Қазақстанда жүзеге асырылған жоқ. Реакциялардың әрқайсысы үшін жақсы өнімділікке жететін каталитикалық жүйелер көрсетілген. Барлық процестерде ауыспалы валентті металдар негізіндегі оксидті катализаторлар белсенді де тиімді болып табылады. Болашақта осы катализаторлардың белсенділігін арттыру бағытында жұмыс жасалуы қажет. Катализаторлар тасымалдағыштың ылғал сыйымдылығы бойынша капиллярлы сіңіру әдісімен дайындалып, 2000С 2 сағат бойы кептіріліп, 5000С-та 3 сағат қақталды.

 Мақала бойынша синтез-газ алу үшін метанның жартылай тотығу реакциясында никель-цирконий (3%NiО-2%ZrО2) негіздегі катализатор белсенділік көрсетті. Аталған катализатор бойынша реакция өнімдері -  Н2 - 60.5 көл.%, СО - 30.5 көл.% құрады. Метанның көмірқышқылды конверсиясы реакциясындағы никель-кобальт-церий (3%NiО-7%Со2О3-0,5%Сe2O3) катализаторында метанның конверсиясы 95,6%-ды құрады және сутегі мен көміртегі монооксидінің шығымы  47,0 және 45,9 көл %-ға тең. Церий оксидімен модифирленген 3%NiО-2%СеО2/γ-Al2O3 катализаторы метанның толықтай тотығу реакциясында төменгі температураның өзінде (350 оС) метанның 29,6% конверсияға ұшырайды. Метанның сутегі газына ыдырау реакциясы үшін темір негізіндегі катализаторлар тиімді болып  табылады. 5 мас.% Fe/ɣ-Al2O3  катализаторында 700оС кезінде метанның конверсиясы 2% құрап, 850оС-та оның мөлшері 13 % -ға және сутегі газының шығымы 5,8 көл.% - ға дейін артатынын көруге болады.
FUZZY UNORDERED RULE USING GREEDY HILL CLIMBING FEATURE SELECTION METHOD: AN APPLICATION TO DIABETES CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Al-Behadili Hayder Naser Khraibet , Ku-Mahamud Ku Ruhana
Published: June 2021

Diabetes classification is one of the most crucial applications of healthcare diagnosis. Even though various studies have been conducted in this application, the classification problem remains challenging. Fuzzy logic techniques have recently obtained impressive achievements in different application domains especially medical diagnosis. Fuzzy logic technique is not able to deal with data of a large number of input variables in constructing a classification model. In this research, a fuzzy logic technique using greedy hill climbing feature selection methods was proposed for the classification of diabetes. A dataset of 520 patients from the Hospital of Sylhet in Bangladesh was used to train and evaluate the proposed classifier. Six classification criteria were considered to authenticate the results of the proposed classifier. Comparative analysis proved the effectiveness of the proposed classifier against Naive Bayes, support vector machine, K-nearest neighbour, decision tree, and multilayer perceptron neural network classifiers. Results of the proposed classifier demonstrated the potential of fuzzy logic in analyzing diabetes patterns in all classification criteria.
HEAVY METALS IN FOOD CROPS: IDEAL SOURCES AND ROLES OF URBAN AGRICULTURE IN FACILITATING THEIR CONSUMPTION- A REVIEW
Authors: Abdullahi N. , Igwe E. C , Dandago M. A. , Umar N. B.
Published: June 2021

The qualities of agricultural soil and water are diminishing continuously due to the rigorous anthropogenic activities currently stocking the soil with a lot of toxic chemicals including heavy metals. Heavy metals are highly persistent and non-biodegradable, control of their contamination is very tricky to handle. Their presence in soil and water is detrimental to food crops and humans. Various sources of heavy metals contaminants and the role of urban food production on human heavy metal contamination were discussed.Heavy metals have their way into the soil and food crops through wastewater irrigation and production in contaminated soil. The habitual heavy metals contamination sources for food crops are wastewater irrigation, abuse of agrochemicals, production in the contaminated field, atmospheric deposit when foods are exposed to contaminated air, and unethical mining activities. Agricultural soil in urban and peri-urban areas are heavily contaminated with heavy metal due to various anthropogenic activities. Wastewater irrigation intensify the contamination by supplying the soil with more heavy metals. The heavy metals are passed to food during production and subsequently to humans after consumption.
YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİNİN ÖNEMİ VE LATİN AMERİKA COĞRAFYASINDAKİ YERİ: BREZİLYA ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: DURUKAN Ali , YILMAZ Mutlu
Published: June 2021

Enerji kaynakları bir yandan dünyamızın en büyük ihtiyacı diğer yandan da en büyük
sorunlarından biridir. Dünyada fosil enerji kaynaklarının eşit olmayan dağılımı nedeniyle
üretim, sevkiyat ve ticaret süreçlerinde ülkeler arasında çeşitli problemler
yaşanabilmektedir. Ayrıca bu enerji kaynaklarının üretiminden tüketimine kadar geçen
süreç içinde ciddi çevre sorunları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yenilenebilir enerjiler dünyanın her
yerinde bulunan, tükenmez ve çevre dostu kaynaklardır. Bu enerjilerin yaygınlaşmasıyla
birlikte ülkeler arasında fosil enerji kaynaklara bağlı olan çatışmaların azalması
beklenmektedir. Ekonomik açıdan fosil yakıtların kullanımı günümüzde daha fazla tercih
ediliyor olsa da gelişen teknolojiyle ilerleyen yıllarda yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının
kullanımı fosil yakıtlara kıyasla daha ekonomik hale gelecektir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak
dünyanın enerji görünümü ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları açıklanmıştır. Müteakibinde
ise gelişmekte olan ekonomileri ve önemli potansiyelleri ile Latin Amerika'nın yenilenebilir
enerji kaynakları verilmiştir. Son olarak örnek ülke Brezilya'nın yenilenebilir enerji
kaynakları ve mevcut üretim durumu açıklanmıştır: Latin Amerika coğrafyasının en
büyük ülkesi olan Brezilya; hidrolik, rüzgâr, güneş ve biyoküle enerjileri potansiyeli
bakımından dünyada ilk sırada gelen ülkeler arasında yer almaktadır. Yenilenebilir enerji
kaynakları açısından zengin potansiyele sahip olan Brezilya, gün geçtikçe daha çok bu
kaynaklara yönelmektedir.
IRELAND/IRISHNESS IN TRANSITION: CONOR MCPHERSON'S “THE WEIR”
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Tuğba
Published: June 2021

As a contemporary Irish playwright who is well-known for his monologue plays, Conor McPherson (1971- ) illustrates the changing process of Irishness within the scope of clashing traditional and modern values in The Weir. In the early twentieth century as a result of the nationalist and isolationist policy, Irish identity was constructed as rural, agricultural, and Catholic, but it began to change with the impact of the Celtic Tiger referring to an economic boom starting in the mid-1990s. In this article, The Weir is analysed as a transition play representing the 1990s in terms of the collision of the old and the new Irishness with regard to social, sexual, and religious values. This paper aims to examine and discuss Ireland and Irishness in transition within the context of rural-urban, traditional-modern, local-global dichotomies escalating by the impact of the Celtic Tiger period.
A NIETZSCHEAN INQUIRY INTO JOHN CHRISTOPHER'S “EMPTY WORLD”
Authors: TAN Cenk
Published: June 2021

John Christopher's Empty World (1977) is an apocalyptic novel which depicts a fatal pandemic through the eyes of adolescent children. In specific, the story is presented through the perspective of fifteen-year-old Neil Miller who loses his family and heads off to the streets of London to seek company in his quest for survival in a desolated city. Neil finally meets Lucy and Billie, two girls his age and the children then decide to move in together. This study aims to analyse Christopher's Empty World from a philosophical, in particular, Nietzschean point of view. Friedrich Nietzsche is a philosopher who had an immense impact in all areas of the social sciences and the humanities. This article thereby discusses three Nietzschean doctrines: the will to power, the eternal recurrence and amor fati. All these three notions are interrelated in Nietzsche's cosmological theory and his metaphysical hypothesis. Thus, the ultimate purpose of this article is to reveal how and to what extent Nietzschean doctrines are manifested in John Christopher's Empty World. These manifestations will be discussed with relevant references to the text in association with the setting and prevalent themes of the novel.
A ROMANCE WORLD OF THEIR OWN GENERIC AND PATRIARCHAL BOUNDARIES UNSETTLED IN “EVELINA” AND “THE FEMALE QUIXOTE”
Authors: YILMAZ Hakan
Published: June 2021

The continuity between the romance and the novel genres has been undermined since the
latter's emergence in the eighteenth century despite the conceptual confusion regarding
these genres at the time. Many critics de-contextualize the novel as if it came into being
merely as a reaction to and through a complete break with the former literary genres, and
hence fail to see its many connections to the romance in terms of structure and content.
Though we have today made more or less clear-cut distinctions between romance and
novel, the exible and interchangeable use of these terms for the better part of the
eighteenth century demonstrates that they overlap more than differ in their qualities.
Therefore, by bringing into the spotlight the romance elements and qualities prevalent in
the eighteenth-century novel, this paper aims at unearthing and exploring how certain
romance elements and generic instability of the novel genre open up a space and serve a
liberating function for Arabella and Evelina in the strictly patriarchal eighteenth-century
society in Charlotte Lennox's The Female Quixote (1752) and Frances Burney's Evelina
(1778).
Apert Syndrome: A Rare Genetic Disorder
Authors: Hassan Mahmuda , Yasmeen B H Nazma , Khan Masuma , Mukti Afsana
Published: June 2021

Apert syndrome is a rare type I acrocephalosyndactyly syndrome having autosomal dominant inheritance due to mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptors gene. New or fresh mutations are also frequent. It is characterized by dysmorphic face, craniosynostosis, severe syndactyly of the hands and feet. Apert syndrome affects the first branchial or pharyngeal arch, the precursor of the maxilla and mandible. Disturbances in the development of branchial arches during fetal period create extensive malformation in different parts of the body. Management of Apert syndrome requires a multidisciplinary approach. We, hereby, report a case of a 45-days old baby with Apert syndrome.

Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.11 (2) Jan 2020: 475-477
Factores asociados al nivel de conocimiento sobre lactancia materna exclusiva en madres primíparas atendidas por teleconsulta – Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal en el año 2020
Authors: Vizquerra-Guevara Pablo , Roque Quezada Juan Carlos Ezequiel , Guerra Cuyutupac Israel Armando , Saldaña Díaz Claudia Veralucia
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre lactancia materna exclusiva en madres primíparas atendidas por teleconsulta del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal en año 2020 y sus factores asociados. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño descriptivo, observacional, transversal, prospectivo y analítico. la población se compuso de un total de 1000 madres primíparas atendidas por teleconsulta en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, tomando una muestra representativa de 240 participantes. Se empleo un instrumento confiable y valido para medir el conocimiento en lactancia materna exclusiva, se realizaron pruebas estadísticas de asociación y un modelo de regresión de Poisson bivariado y múltiple para obtener la razón de prevalencias crudas y ajustadas y sus intervalos de confianza al 95% para los factores asociados y las categorías de lactancia materna exclusiva. Resultados: se encontró un 75.7% de nivel de conocimiento sobre lactancia materna exclusiva alto, con IC95% de 69.5% - 81.1%. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa para las variables gestante añosa (RPa 1.21 IC95% 1.05 – 1.39) y grado de instrucción superior (RPa 1.22 IC95% 1.02 – 1.44) Conclusiones: un nivel de instrucción alto y la gestación añosa se identificaron como factores asociados a un nivel de conocimiento alto sobre lactancia materna exclusiva en madre primíparas atendidas por teleconsulta del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal en año 2020
Estudio de clonalidad de cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae multidrogoresistentes circulantes en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal de Lima, Perú (2015-2018)
Authors: Bieli-Bianchi Gabriela Soza , Acuña Fernández Hortencia , Pons María Jesús
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Determinar la relación de clonalidad en cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae que presentan multiresistencia a los antimicrobianos circulantes en el Instituto Materno- Perinatal de Lima, Perú. Metodología: el presente estudio es retrospectivo, experimental, transversal que comprende a las cepas de K.pneumoniae aisladas durante el período 2015-2018. Se analizó los niveles de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos mediante la técnica de difusión en Disco interpretada por el CLSI 2019. Se estableció la relación clonal por la técnica de Gel de Elecroforesis de Campo Pulsado (PFGE de sus siglas en ingles). Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 36 aislados de K. pneumoniae de diferentes orígenes clínicos, un 23(64%) hemocultivos, 9 (25%) de secreciones y 4 (11%) de coprocultivos. Se encontraron niveles elevados de resistencia a los antimicrobianos en cotrimoxazole (97%), cefalosporinas (entre 67%-89%) y gentamicina (67%). Destacar que la sensibilidad disminuida es importante en quinolonas (36-47%), y moderada a Piperacillin-tazobactam, nitrofurantoina y cloranfenicol (25%), mientras que Amikacina presentó solo un 14% de resistencia. Un 78% de las cepas fueron cepas productoras de beta-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE). El PFGE mostró 16 pulsotipos diferentes, mostrando cepas relacionadas en el mismo espacio y tiempo.    Conclusión: Los niveles de resistencia encontrados fueron elevadas, y el número de cepas relacionadas también fue importante, evidenciando una transmisión de K.pneumoniae entre diferentes pacientes, mostrando una diseminación del microorganismo.
Factores de riesgo asociados a la transmisión vertical del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana durante la gestación
Authors: Moreno Reyes Katherin Faviola , Ayala Peralta Félix Dasio , Velásquez Vásquez Carlos
Published: June 2021

La infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) continúa siendo un problema de salud perinatal a nivel global y en nuestro país, por el incremento de contagio en mujeres embarazadas que corren el riesgo para la transmisión vertical del VIH hacia su bebé durante el embarazo, parto y lactancia materna.

Diversas publicaciones mencionan que la prevalencia de transmisión vertical del VIH varía según distintos autores entre 3,8% a 17 %. En el Perú se reporta en 4%.

Entre los factores de riesgo asociados a transmisión vertical del VIH se mencionan: ausencia de terapia antirretroviral durante la atención prenatal con razón de posibilidades ajustada (ORa) que varían entre 2,41 a 17,20; ausencia de programa de prevención de la transmisión de madre a hijo del VIH con ORa de 4,6 a 40,6; ausencia de control prenatal ORa 4,6; parto domiciliario con ORa de 3,35 a 8,10; parto por cesárea de emergencia con OR de 4,32; ausencia de profilaxis antirretroviral al recién nacido ORa de 3,4 a 5,83 y alta carga viral en el embarazo entre  4,0 % a 8,5%.
Bewegungsszenarien der Ballettreform und des Literaturballetts (1760/ 1960)
Authors: Bührle Julia
Published: June 2021

This article explores the transmedial process of translation of words into movements and vice versa by analysing parallels and differences between movement scenarios and literary ballets created from the 1760s and the 1960s onwards. It introduces different forms of movement scenarios that precede or accompany the creation of literary ballets or contribute to their preservation – literary texts and libretti, notations, reviews and other written descriptions of the movements of a ballet. These movement scenarios and the choreographic »texts« of ballets allow us to study the ways works of literature have been transposed into movements since the eighteenth century. The article briefly compares two ballets created in Stuttgart in 1763 and 1978 respectively, Jean-Georges Noverre’s ‚Médée et Jason‘ and John Neumeier’s ‚Lady of the Camellias‘. Thus, it demonstrates that the task which eighteenth- century ballet masters set themselves for the first time – the transposition of complex literary sources into a wordless genre – was fully accomplished two hundred years later when a number of choreographers created expressive movement vocabularies that allowed them to represent and interpret the action of literary texts.
Universities and the race to net zero
Authors: Mutschele Carina , Pareja Marlon C. , Martínez Sepúlveda José Alejandro , Longhurst James , da Silva Izael
Published: June 2021

More than 600 universities across the world have signed the Race to Zero for Universities and Colleges to date supporting a three-point plan, in line with the Race to Zero criteria. The ambition is to achieve more than 1000 universities across the world to commit to becoming net-zero ahead of COP26. This panel session will feature signatories from across the global to highlight the climate actions being taken on the ground. We will show a video from Gonzalo Munoz, Chilean High Level Climate Champion for COP25 on why universities need to take action now ahead of discussion from the panel. The Race to Zero campaign will feature heavily at COP26 and this is an opportunity to raise the profile of universities across the world in their role within society to tackle the climate crisis. This session will galvanise universities to take action and to commit to net-zero ahead of COP26.
Physical Science, Adaptation and Resilience: Current Risks, Early Warning Systems and Adaptation Finance
Authors: Cacciamani Carlo , Parker Douglas , Visman Emma , Mwangi Emmah , Gascoigne Jonathan , Di Carlo Piero , Black Emily
Published: June 2021

This session will elucidate the role that robust early warning plays in adapting to climate change, via disaster risk reduction and financial services. The session will cover scientific progress relevant to adaptation and resilience, the connection between functional early warning, accurate risk assessment and resilience, and novel financial instruments for risk assessment and disaster risk reduction.
Implementing NbS across landscapes and seascapes
Authors: Miles Lera , Smith Pete , Stafford Rick , Page Sue , Morecroft Michael , Austin William
Published: June 2021

This session will explore the benefits and potential risks of implementing nature-based solutions. It will cover land and marine-based approaches, and will examine some key case-studies, including peatlands and REDD+.
Reflexões sobre a morte, o luto e as intervenções possíveis
Authors: Oliveira Amanda Rebeca Borges de , Arruda Eduardo Chierrito de , Blogoslawski Isadora de Moraes , Sartori Romeia Satie
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho buscou trazer reflexões sobre o significado da morte e do luto, em como se dá o processo de luto, qual é o seu tempo, o que configura um luto ser normal ou patológico, quais as intervenções possíveis e quais as necessidades de uma intervenção. Dessa forma, foi apresentado o significado da morte no ocidente através dos estudos elaborados por Phillipe Ariès (1965), observando que a morte passou, da Idade Média aos dias atuais, de um tipo de “morte familiar” para um tipo de “morte interdita”. Assim, foi possível compreender como a morte se transformou ao longo dos séculos num tema tabu, em que não há mais espaço para se falar e viver a morte, tampouco acolher o enlutado, a dor do luto se tornou repugnante dentro da cultura ocidental da felicidade. Em seguida, foram apresentados conceitos teóricos a respeito do processo do luto através de autores clássicos como Sigmund Freud (1917) com o artigo “Luto e Melancolia” e Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (1969) com o livro “Sobre a Morte e o Morrer”. Foram apresentados também autores de artigos contemporâneos como Freitas (2017) que estudam o luto sob uma perspectiva fenomenológica-existencial, onde o luto é compreendido não mais como um processo linear que se supera, como apresentou Freud e Kübler-Ross, e sim algo que possui uma continuidade em que é preciso construir novos significados para a vida futura com a existência ausente de quem morreu. Foram então apresentadas intervenções possíveis dentro de algumas teorias, entendendo que autores como Freud (1917) entende o luto como processo natural e que é superado após um determinado tempo, e outros autores, como Aciole e Bergamo (2019) e Andrade, Barbieri e Mishima-Gomes (2017) irão compreender a intervenção como uma possibilidade importante que produz alívio para o enlutado uma vez que não há muitos espaços para se viver o luto e ressignificá-lo dentro da nossa cultura. Por fim, trouxemos à reflexão a necessidade de espaços de acolhimento e escuta para pessoas e famílias enlutadas através de políticas públicas e também a necessidade de romper as barreiras em relação aos temas da morte, promovendo mais espaços de discussão em que falar da morte é dar voz à dor humana e a liberdade a uma vida digna de ser vivida.
Turkerização e gestão algorítmica do trabalho em plataformas de microtarefas
Authors: Braz Matheus Viana , Vianna Carolina Dal-col , Bertolaccini Vitória Carvalho , Ramos Paula Santiago , Silva Ana Clara Santos
Published: June 2021

No Brasil, quando tratamos da plataformização do trabalho, é ainda incipiente a literatura sobre o fenômeno que denominamos turkerização do trabalho, relacionado à terceirização de microtarefas em plataformas específicas, como Appen e Amazon Mechanical Turk, por exemplo. Por meio de um estudo teórico-reflexivo, objetivamos demarcar algumas particularidades do trabalho turkerizado, de maneira a contribuir com a exploração da heterogeneidade e polissemia que assume a noção de trabalho digital na atualidade. Ao passo que representa a radicalização da flexibilização do trabalho, compreendemos a turkerização como o arquétipo de formas de trabalho que parecem se proliferar em nossa sociedade, marcadas notadamente por algumas características centrais: 1) o trabalho tende a ser cada vez mais encarado como serviço; 2) exacerba-se a competição a ponto de trabalhadores de diversas geografias do mundo concorrerem entre si, em tempo real, na busca por rendimentos financeiros; 3) os processos de trabalho são cada vez mais condicionados pela gestão algorítmica, o que limita as vias de comunicação entre os trabalhadores, coloca obstáculos à mobilização coletiva e produz efeitos paradoxais no âmbito das dinâmicas de prazer, sofrimento e reconhecimento no trabalho.
Sex-Specific Hip Movement Is Correlated With Pelvis and Upper Body Rotation During Running
Authors: Mohr Maurice , Pieper Robin , Löffler Sina , Schmidt Andreas R. , Federolf Peter A.
Published: June 2021

There is a sex bias for common overuse running injuries that are associated with sex-specific hip kinematics. Gait retraining programs aimed at altering hip kinematics may be more efficient if they incorporated an understanding of how hip kinematics are correlated with the movement of the remaining body segments. We applied a principal component analysis to structure the whole-body running kinematics of 23 runners (12 ♀) into k = 12 principal movements (PMk), describing correlated patterns of upper and lower body movements. We compared the time-dependent movement amplitudes with respect to each PMk between males and females using a waveform analysis and interpreted our findings according to stick figure animations. The movement amplitudes of two PMs (PM6 and PM8) showed statistically significant effects of “sex,” which were independent of running speed. According to PM8, females showed more hip adduction, which correlated with increased transverse rotation of the pelvis and upper body compared to men. We propose that increased hip adduction and upper body rotation in female runners may be a strategy to compensate for a less efficient arm and upper body swing compared to men. Gait interventions aimed at reducing hip adduction and running-related injuries in female runners should consider instructions for both upper and lower body to maximize training efficacy.
Electrical Impedance Tomography for Robot-Aided Internal Radiation Therapy
Authors: Tan Hao , Rossa Carlos
Published: June 2021

High dose rate brachytherapy (HDR) is an internal based radiation treatment for prostate cancer. The treatment can deliver radiation to the site of dominant tumor growth within the prostate. Imaging methods to delineate the dominant tumor are imperative to ensure the maximum success of HDR. This paper investigates the feasibility of using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) as the main imaging modality during robot-aided internal radiation therapy. A procedure utilizing brachytherapy needles in order to perform EIT for the purpose of robot-aided prostate cancer imaging is proposed. It is known that cancerous tissue exhibits different conductivity than healthy tissue. Using this information, it is hypothesized that a conductivity map of the tissue can be used to locate and delineate cancerous nodules via EIT. Multiple experiments were conducted using eight brachytherapy needle electrodes. Observations indicate that the imaging procedure is able to observe differences in tissue conductivity in a setting that approximates transperineal HDR and confirm that brachytherapy needles can be used as electrodes for this purpose. The needles can access the tissue at a specific depth that traditional EIT surface electrodes cannot. The results indicate the feasibility of using brachytherapy needles for EIT for the purpose internal radiation therapy.
Ferroptosis Holds Novel Promise in Treatment of Cancer Mediated by Non-coding RNAs
Authors: Zhi Yuan , Gao Ling , Wang Baisheng , Ren Wenhao , Liang Kristina Xiao , Zhi Keqian
Published: June 2021

Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of regulated cell death that is associated with iron metabolism and oxidative stress. As a physiological mechanism, ferroptosis selectively removes cancer cells by regulating the expression of vital chemical molecules. Current findings on regulation of ferroptosis have largely focused on the function of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs), in mediating ferroptotic cell death, while the sponging effect of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has not been widely studied. In this review, we discuss the molecular regulation of ferroptosis and highlight the value of circRNAs in controlling ferroptosis and carcinogenesis. Herein, we deliberate future role of this emerging form of regulated cell death in cancer therapeutics and predict the progression and prognosis of oncogenesis in future clinical therapy.
Enhancement of CD4+ T Cell Function as a Strategy for Improving Antibiotic Therapy Efficacy in Tuberculosis: Does It Work?
Authors: Costa Diego L. , Amaral Eduardo P. , Namasivayam Sivaranjani , Mittereder Lara R. , Andrade Bruno B. , Sher Alan
Published: June 2021

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a major public health problem worldwide due in part to the lack of an effective vaccine and to the lengthy course of antibiotic treatment required for successful cure. Combined immuno/chemotherapeutic intervention represents a major strategy for developing more effective therapies against this important pathogen. Because of the major role of CD4+ T cells in containing Mtb infection, augmentation of bacterial specific CD4+ T cell responses has been considered as an approach in achieving this aim. Here we present new data from our own research aimed at determining whether boosting CD4+ T cell responses can promote antibiotic clearance. In these studies, we first characterized the impact of antibiotic treatment of infected mice on Th1 responses to major Mtb antigens and then performed experiments aimed at sustaining CD4+ T cell responsiveness during antibiotic treatment. These included IL-12 infusion, immunization with ESAT-6 and Ag85B immunodominant peptides and adoptive transfer of Th1-polarized CD4+ T cells specific for ESAT-6 or Ag85B during the initial month of chemotherapy. These approaches failed to enhance antibiotic clearance of Mtb, indicating that boosting Th1 responses to immunogenic Mtb antigens highly expressed by actively dividing bacteria is not an effective strategy to be used in the initial phase of antibiotic treatment, perhaps because replicating organisms are the first to be eliminated by the drugs. These results are discussed in the context of previously published findings addressing this concept along with possible alternate approaches for harnessing Th1 immunity as an adjunct to chemotherapy.
Identification of floR Variants Associated With a Novel Tn4371-Like Integrative and Conjugative Element in Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
Authors: Qian Changrui , Liu Hongmao , Cao Jiawei , Ji Yongan , Lu Wei , Lu Junwan , Li Aifang , Zhu Xinyi , Shen Kai , Xu Haili , Chen Qianqian , Zhou Wangxiao , Lu Hongyun , Lin Hailong , Zhang Xueya , Li Qiaoling , Lin Xi , Li Kewei , Xu Teng , Zhu Mei , Bao Qiyu , Zhang Hailin
Published: June 2021

Florfenicol is widely used to control respiratory diseases and intestinal infections in food animals. However, there are increasing reports about florfenicol resistance of various clinical pathogens. floR is a key resistance gene that mediates resistance to florfenicol and could spread among different bacteria. Here, we investigated the prevalence of floR in 430 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from human clinical samples and identified three types of floR genes (designated floR, floR-T1 and floR-T2) in these isolates, with floR-T1 the most prevalent (5.3%, 23/430). FloR-T2 was a novel floR variant identified in this study, and exhibited less identity with other FloR proteins than FloRv. Moreover, floR-T1 and floR-T2 identified in P. aeruginosa strain TL1285 were functionally active and located on multi-drug resistance region of a novel incomplete Tn4371-like integrative and conjugative elements (ICE) in the chromosome. The expression of the two floR variants could be induced by florfenicol or chloramphenicol. These results indicated that the two floR variants played an essential role in the host’s resistance to amphenicol and the spreading of these floR variants might be related with the Tn4371 family ICE.
Observations of Earth’s Normal Modes on Broadband Ocean Bottom Seismometers
Authors: Laske Gabi
Published: June 2021

It is generally thought that high noise levels in the oceans inhibit the observation of long-period earthquake signals such as Earth’s normal modes on ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs). Here, we document the observation of Earth’s gravest modes at periods longer than 500 s (or frequencies below 2 mHz). We start with our own 2005–2007 Plume-Lithosphere-Undersea-Mantle Experiment (PLUME) near Hawaii that deployed a large number of broadband OBSs for the first time. We collected high-quality normal mode spectra for the great November 15, 2006 Kuril Islands earthquake on multiple OBSs. The random deployment of instruments from different OBS groups allows a direct comparison between different broadband seismometers. For this event, modeS06(1.038 mHz) consistently rises above the background noise at all OBSs that had a Nanometrics Trillium T-240 broadband seismometer. We also report observations of other deployments in the Pacific ocean that involved instruments of the U.S. OBS Instrument Pool (OBSIP) where we observe even modeS04(0.647 mHz). Earth’s normal modes were never the initial target of any OBS deployment, nor was any other ultra-low-frequency signal. However, given the high costs of an OBS campaign, the fact that data are openly available to future investigators not involved in the campaign, and the fact that seismology is evolving to investigate ever-new signals, this paper makes the case that the investment in a high-quality seismic sensor may be a wise one, even for a free-fall OBS.
Variability in STEM Summer Bridge Programs: Associations with Belonging and STEM Self-Efficacy
Authors: Barth Joan M. , Dunlap Sarah T. , Bolland Anneliese C. , McCallum Debra Moehle , Acoff Viola L.
Published: June 2021

To address the challenges facing racial minority students majoring in STEM during the transition from high school to college, NSF funded Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation (LSAMP) programs throughout the country implement summer bridge programs. Bridge programs vary in their focus on professional development, academic support, research experiences, social activities, and in other areas, but all share an intention to support students during their transition to college. Beyond retention, little is known about how these varied summer bridge experiences impact student outcomes in the first year of college. This study first describes the variability in the summer bridge programs in the Alabama LSAMP Alliance and then examines how differences in students’ satisfaction with their experiences are associated with feelings of belonging and STEM self-efficacy, two factors associated with STEM retention. Students (N= 145) who attended an LSAMP summer bridge program were surveyed at three time points over the first year of college. Findings indicated that bridge programs varied in their offering of academic classes, academic support (e.g., study skills), research experiences, professional development, and planned social activities. Students attending HBCUs scored more favorably than students at PWIs on some measures; however, these differences could be accounted for by satisfaction with bridge experiences. Satisfaction with specific aspects of the bridge programs, especially orientation activities and getting to know other students, were associated with feelings of belonging and STEM self-efficacy. These relations were stronger for belonging. Over the course of the academic year, the relations between bridge satisfaction and belonging and self-efficacy weakened.
Identification of Clinical Relevant Molecular Subtypes of Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Saddozai Umair Ali Khan , Wang Fengling , Akbar Muhammad Usman , Zhang Lu , An Yang , Zhu Wan , Xie Longxiang , Li Yongqiang , Ji Xinying , Guo Xiangqian
Published: June 2021

Pheochromocytoma (PCC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor of the adrenal gland with a high rate of mortality if diagnosed at a late stage. Common symptoms of pheochromocytoma include headache, anxiety, palpitation, and diaphoresis. Different treatments are under observation for PCC but there is still no effective treatment option. Recently, the gene expression profiling of various tumors has provided new subtype-specific options for targeted therapies. In this study, using data sets from TCGA and the GSE19422 cohorts, we identified two distinct PCC subtypes with distinct gene expression patterns. Genes enriched in Subtype I PCCs were involved in the dopaminergic synapse, nicotine addiction, and long-term depression pathways, while genes enriched in subtype II PCCs were involved in protein digestion and absorption, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and ECM receptor interaction pathways. We further identified subtype specific genes such as ALK, IGF1R, RET, and RSPO2 for subtype I and EGFR, ESR1, and SMO for subtype II, the overexpression of which led to cell invasion and tumorigenesis. These genes identified in the present research may serve as potential subtype-specific therapeutic targets to understand the underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Our findings may further guide towards the development of targeted therapies and potential molecular biomarkers against PCC.
Pre-Menopausal Women With Breast Cancers Having High AR/ER Ratios in the Context of Higher Circulating Testosterone Tend to Have Poorer Outcomes
Authors: Rajarajan Savitha , Korlimarla Aruna , Alexander Annie , Anupama C. E. , Ramesh Rakesh , Srinath B. S. , Sridhar T. S. , Prabhu Jyothi S.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Women with breast tumors with higher expression of AR are in general known to have better survival outcomes while a high AR/ER ratio is associated with poor outcomes in hormone receptor positive breast cancers mostly in post menopausal women. We have evaluated the AR/ER ratio in the context of circulating androgens specifically in patients younger than 50 years most of whom are pre-menopausal and hence have a high estrogenic hormonal milieu.

Methods

Tumor samples from patients 50 years or younger at first diagnosis were chosen from a larger cohort of 270 patients with median follow-up of 72 months. Expression levels of ER and AR proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the transcript levels by quantitative PCR. Ciculating levels of total testosterone were estimated from serum samples. A ratio of AR/ER was derived using the transcript levels, and tumors were dichotomized into high and low ratio groups based on the third quartile value. Survival and the prognostic significance of the ratio was compared between the low and high ratio groups in all tumors and also within ER positive tumors. Results were further validated in external datasets (TCGA and METABRIC).

Results

Eighty-eight (32%) patients were ≤50 years, with 22 having high AR/ER ratio calculated using the transcript levels. Circulating levels of total testosterone were higher in women whose tumors had a high AR/ER ratio (p = 0.02). Tumors with high AR/ER ratio had significantly poorer disease-free survival than those with low AR/ER ratio [HR-2.6 (95% CI-1.02–6.59) p = 0.04]. Evaluation of tumors with high AR/ER ratio within ER positive tumors alone reconfirmed the prognostic relevance of the high AR/ER ratio with a significant hazard ratio of 4.6 (95% CI-1.35–15.37, p = 0.01). Similar trends were observed in the TCGA and METABRIC dataset.

Conclusion

Our data in pre-menopausal women with breast cancer suggest that it is not merely the presence or absence of AR expression but the relative activity of ER, as well as the hormonal milieu of the patient that determine clinical outcomes, indicating that both context and interactions ultimately influence tumor behavior.
The Accuracy of Near Infrared Autofluorescence in Identifying Parathyroid Gland During Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhu Chun-Rong , Liu Hong , Yao Xin-Min , Wu Jian
Published: June 2021

Objective

We aim to assess the accuracy of near infrared autofluorescence in identifying parathyroid gland during thyroid and parathyroid surgery.

Method

A systematic literature search was conducted by using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library electronic databases for studies that were published up to February 2021. The reference lists of the retrieved articles were also reviewed. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality and extracted the data. A random-effects model was used to calculate the combined variable. Publication bias in these studies was evaluated with the Deeks’ funnel plots.

Result

A total of 24 studies involving 2,062 patients and 6,680 specimens were included for the meta-analysis. The overall combined sensitivity and specificity, and the area under curve of near infrared autofluorescence were 0.96, 0.96, and 0.99, respectively. Significant heterogeneities were presented (Sen: I2 = 87.97%, Spe: I2 = 65.38%). In the subgroup of thyroid surgery, the combined sensitivity and specificity, and the area under curve of near infrared autofluorescence was 0.98, 0.99, and 0.99, respectively, and the heterogeneities were moderate (Sen: I2 = 59.71%, Spe: I2 = 67.65%).

Conclusion

Near infrared autofluorescence is an excellent indicator for identifying parathyroid gland during thyroid and parathyroid surgery.
The First Healed Bite Mark and Embedded Tooth in the Snout of a Middle Permian Gorgonopsian (Synapsida: Therapsida)
Authors: Benoit Julien , Browning Claire , Norton Luke A.
Published: June 2021

Despite their significance for paleobiological interpretations, bite marks have been rarely reported in non-mammalian therapsids (NMT). Here we describe, for the first time, the occurrence of a tooth embedded in the snout of a gorgonopsian. The tooth is surrounded by a bony callus, which demonstrates that the animal was still alive after the attack and healed. The identity of the attacker is unknown. Two hypotheses are discussed to account for this healed bite: failed predation (most likely by a biarmosuchian, therocephalian, or another gorgonopsian) and intraspecific social biting. Though predation cannot be ruled out, it has been hypothesized that gorgonopsians used their saber-like teeth for social signaling, which suggests that social biting may be the most likely scenario. The practice of social biting has long been hypothesized in NMT, but this is the first fossilized evidence of the behavior to be described.