bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Postoperative Intensive Care Admissions in Elective Surgical Patients with High-risk Anaesthesia Consent Preoperatively
Authors: Thangavelu Ramyavel , George Sagiev Koshy
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Surgical patients who require high-risk anaesthesia consent are often at risk of developing perioperative complications and morbidity often warranting postoperative Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions. Aim: To study the incidence of postoperative ICU admissions among surgical patients who require high-risk anaesthesia consent preoperatively. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study using chart analysis of 64 patients who required high-risk consent for elective surgery over a period of 18 months from January 2018 to July 2019 was done. The details on demographics, the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) class, the reason for obtaining high-risk consent, type of anaesthesia administered, intraoperative events, duration of surgery and reason for shifting to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was collected and recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20.0. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to determine the predictors of postoperative ICU admissions. Results: Out of 64 high-risk patients, 35.9% of patients were shifted to ICU postoperatively, with the most common reason for ICU admission being metabolic/haemodynamic instability intraoperatively (47.8%). Among the various preoperative factors (presence of cardiovascular, respiratory diseases with poor reserve or functional impairment, chronic kidney disease, morbid obesity) for obtaining high-risk consent, anticipated long duration surgery with blood loss was associated with a 3.9 {95% CIs of 1.25 and 12.22} times higher odds of being shifted to ICU postoperatively. Conclusion: About one-third of elective surgical patients who required high-risk anaesthesia consent preoperatively required ICU admission postoperatively. In addition, anticipated long duration surgery with blood loss was found to be an independent predictor of ICU requirement postoperatively.
Novel Coronavirus and its Risk to Periodontists- How Do We Protect Ourselves?
Authors: Malik Rajvir , Gajghate Apeksha , Ansari Salman , Puri Sneha , Khetal Namrata
Published: November 2021

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID), commonly known as “COVID-19 Pandemic” has affected around 218 countries and territories across the globe. Coronavirus is a deadly virus which gains entry into the human body through various modes and causes symptoms such as dry cough, fatigue, coughing sputum, shortness of breath. The doctors are among the various frontline workers, who are at the greatest risk of contracting the COVID-19 infection. One of the major modes of transmission of coronavirus is the oral cavity. Hence, oral health care workers are at higher risk. Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and is associated with much common co-morbidity making it a community health concern. Periodontal procedures are aerosol generating procedures and COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease, so it can be easily contracted during aerosol generating procedures. Periodontitis and COVID-19 have both been associated with much common co-morbidity so there is a possible association between them. The role of periodontists in preventing transmission of COVID-19 is critically important. Periodontists face direct exposure to oral fluids such as saliva and blood. So, precautionary measures are imperative for the periodontists so as to protect ourselves. Knowledge about the virus would be helpful in taking the necessary precautions. The aim of this review article was to understand the risk associated with the coronavirus and protection for periodontists in an unprecedented situation.
Clinical and Radiographical Evaluation of Bovine Derived Xenograft without or with Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects in Chronic Periodontitis: A RCT
Authors: Patil Nikita Dilip , Baburaj Mala Dixit
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Intrabony periodontal defects respond well to regenerative periodontal therapy. Numerous grafts and non graft materials are available for regeneration. Careful use of nonallogenic bone graft could enhance radiographic defect fill. Aim: To compare the clinical and radiographical evaluation of bovine derived xenograft (OsseograftTM) alone versus a combination of bovine derived xenograft and calcium sulphate hemihydrate (OsseomoldTM) in the treatment of intrabony defects in chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A prospective, single blinded randomised clinical trial was conducted in the department of Periodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India (December 2017- August 2019). A total of 42 patients presenting with 43 intrabony defects were randomly assigned to Control Group (CG) (n=21) or Test Group (TG) (n=22). Clinical parameters {Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL)} were assessed at baseline (M0), one month (M1), three months (M3) and six months (M6) and radiographic parameters {Bone Fill (BF)} were measured using Intraoral Periapical Radiograph (IOPA) at baseline (M0) and six months (M6). Two patients (three defects) were lost to follow-up. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed, results on continuous measurements were presented on Mean±SD. Statistical software IBM SPSS statistics 20.0. Level of significance was fixed at p=0.05. Student’s t-test was used to find the significant difference between and within the groups. Repeated measures Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find the significance of study parameters within the group (at different time intervals). Results: PPD was lowest at six months for TG (3.95±0.61) and CG (3.30±0.66) and it gradually improved from baseline to six- months (p<0.001 for both TG and CG). CAL gain was highest at six-months for TG (4.4±0.50) and CG (3.65±0.75) (p<0.001). Significant reduction in Radiographic Defect Depth (RDD) was noted in both the groups (CG: 6.65±1.08 at M0 and 4.92±1.00 at M6 (p<0.001); TG: 7.06±0.96 at M0 and 5.14±0.77 at M6) (p<0.001). Intergroup analysis was statistically significant for clinical parameters with greater improvement seen in CG control group {PPD and CAL at M3 and M6 (p<0.001)} and statistically insignificant for radiographic parameters (p>0.5). BF was higher at M6 in TG (1.87) as compared to CG (1.72), which was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Both treatments were clinically effective showing a significant improvement in clinical and radiographic parameters and there was significant difference between the two groups- clinically in terms of reduction in PPD and CAL gain at three months and six months with greater improvement seen in CG as compared to TG, with no difference radiographically. Further studies are needed to show the stability over time of the present results.
Influence of Storage Temperature on Orthodontic Elastics
Authors: Piradhiba R , Clement Evan A , Nambi Navaneetha , Veerasankar S , Madhumitra S , Maheshwari S
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Orthodontic elastics are a very significant tool in orthodontics, as it is the most commonly used force delivering unit. Temperature plays a key role in the amount of force that elastics are able to produce. Hence, there is a need to evaluate the influence of storage temperature on the properties of orthodontic elastics before its clinical use. Aim: To evaluate the influence of different storage temperature of latex orthodontic elastics. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, in November 2019. Sample of 40 latex orthodontic elastics (TP Orthodontics, medium force, standard size of 3/16′′) were divided into four groups with 10 elastics each, based on their storage temperature and stored in closed plastic packages. Group 1 was kept as a Control group and Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 were stored in three Incubators under the specified storage temperatures such as 26-28°C, 4-8°C, 37°C respectively. The elastics were stretched and their forces measured in six progressive increases of 100% of their inner diameter, starting at a level of 100% stretching, with the Universal Testing Machine, Instron. The samples were also tested for Maximum Stress (MPa), Maximum Force (N), Maximum Elongation (%) and Break Distance (mm). Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software version 16.0, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc test. Results: On evaluating the stress at 100%, 200%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 600% of strain, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Maximum Stress MPa was found to be 24.12±3.32, 25.12±3.42, 23.3±3.41, 23.97±3.50 for group1, group 2, group 3 and group 4 respectively. Maximum Elongation (%) was found to be 1369.0±25.108, 1364.0±23.190, 1359.0±35.103, 1363.0±34.657 for group 1, group 2, group 3 and group 4, respectively. Break Distance (mm) was found to be 68.48±1.267, 68.28±1.267, 67.87±1.77 and 68.19±1.727 for group1, group 2, group 3 and group 4, respectively. And none of the parameters tested showed statistical significance between the four groups. Conclusion: Latex elastics may be stored under any of the conditions tested in the present study over a period of one month, since different storage temperatures over a period of one month did not interfere in their mechanical properties.
Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Mandibular Premolar Canals Filled with Four Different Obturation Techniques- An In vitro Study
Authors: Mandhane Shubham Anil , Mattigatti Sudha , Dsouza Vincia Valencio , Nahar Shraddha , Chauhan Urmila Banshbahadur , Shah Avani
Published: November 2021

Introduction: To prevent the ingress of microorganisms and their byproducts into root canal space is the primary goal of obturation. Endodontically treated teeth are weak and more susceptible to fracture than vital teeth. Therefore, to increase the strength of the root canal and increase root fracture resistance by adhesion and mechanically interlocking root canal filling material with radicular dentin is also one of the goal of obturation. Aim: To evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of mandibular premolar canals filled with four different obturation techniques. Materials and Methods: The in vitro study was conducted in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed To Be University), Karad, Maharshtra, India, from August 2020 to December 2020. A total of 100 extracted human mandibular premolars with single canals were collected for the study and sectioned horizontally to obtain a standardised length of 14 mm. With the help of 15 K-file (Dentsply) working length was determined and root canals were prepared to an International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) size 45 file at the apex and flared using a #4 Gates-Glidden drill (Mani, Japan). The teeth were then randomly divided into four experimental groups, Group I-Lateral condensation, Group II-ROEKO GuttaFlow® bioseal, Group III- Guttacore, Group IV-Thermoplasticised gutta percha (System B) and two control groups, they were Group V-(Negative control), instrumentation was done, but no obturation, Group VI-(Positive control), teeth were neither instrumented nor obturated. All the experimental teeth were filled as per the obturation technique. A universal testing machine was used for evaluating fracture resistance. The results were analysed using the One-way ANOVA test. The significance between the groups was tested with Scheffe’s post hoc test. Results: There were statistically significant difference among six group for mean fracture load (N) with p-value <0.001. furthermore, pair wise comparison of fracture load (N) showed that the mean difference is significant at p-value <0.05. The mean difference between Group IV and V was not significant (p-value=0.935) Conclusion: Under the limitation of this study, it was concluded that the resistance of the root to vertical fracture amongst the experimental group was maximum in Group III (Guttacore) and minimum in Group IV (Thermoplasticised gutta-percha, System B).
Field Performance of Improved Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties under Rainfed Condition of Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Md. Sarwar , Abdullah-Al-Mamun S. M.
Published: November 2021

In Bangladesh, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) production is attributed to low yield of the local cultivars with an indeterminate growth habit, uneven ripening of capsules, seed shattering, susceptibility to waterlogging and lack of adequate research findings. A field experiment was conducted in the Dr. Purnendu Gain Field Laboratory, Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna to study the yield performance of some improved sesame varieties under rainfed conditions of Bangladesh. Six varieties of sesame viz. T6, Batiaghata local Til, Bina Til-1, BARI Til-2, BARI Til-3 and BARI Til-4 were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on various yield parameters during harvest. Almost all the yield attributes were found higher in BARI Til-4 and Batiaghata Local Til except capsule length (BINA Til-1 possessed the longest capsules). These two varieties were recorded extra branches per plant (7.07 and 6.93), more number of capsules per plant (89.15 and 84.60), higher number of seeds per capsule (84.79 and 80.20) and higher harvest index (25.46 and 24.49%). The values mentioned in the parentheses did not differ significantly. As expected from the results, BARI Til-4 and Batiaghata Local Til produced statistically similar seed yields on unit area basis (1.29 and 1.13 t ha-1). Seed yield (g plant-1 as well as t ha-1) was well correlated with dry matter (g plant-1), biological yield (t ha-1) and harvest index (%) as revealed by simple regression analyses. Based on the findings of the study, the variety BARI Til-4 and Batiaghata Local Til may be recommended for cultivation in Khulna region under rainfed condition as it showed better performance in terms of yield parameters.
Risk Factors and Treatment of Postpartum Anestrus in Cattle: The Case of Zebu
Authors: Mahamadou Moussa Garba , Mamman Mani , Issa Hamadou
Published: November 2021

This literature review reports on risk factors for postpartum anoestrus in zebus and their potential treatments. Prolonged postpartum anestrus is one of the major factors limiting reproductive efficiency in cattle, particularly in Bos indicus cows in tropical regions, as it prevents a calving interval of 365 days from being achieved. During anestrus, ovulation does not occur despite ovarian follicular development, as the growing follicles do not reach maturity. This period is very variable and depends on various factors whose importance is relative or, on the contrary, essential. Some are specific to the animal (breastfeeding or food); others relate more to its social environment, season sanitary conditions. Several hormonal treatments have been used to induce ovulation and cyclicity in postpartum cows. Generally speaking, given the inconsistency of the effects or even their lack of practicability, treatments using a single or repeated injection of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have been gradually abandoned in favour of progestagens. These are administered for 8 to 12 days on a continuous basis in the form of a subcutaneous implant (Crestar®), a vaginal coil (PRID®) or a CIDR. A prostaglandin injection is given two days before the implant is removed. The addition of an ECG treatment at the time of device removal, which increased plasma progesterone concentrations and pregnancy rates in anestrous postpartum suckled Bos indicus cows, may be useful to improve reproductive performance. This improvement requires a better understanding of the effect of different risk factors on the recovery of postpartum cyclicity.
Study the Relationship between Selective Characteristics of Farmers and Their Practicing Coping Strategies towards Household Food Security during Flood Period
Authors: Haque M. E. , Islam M. N. , Majid M. A. , Islam M. R. , Uddin M. Y. , Alam M. J. , Rahman M. A. , Haque M. M. , Tasnim J. , Rahman M. A.
Published: November 2021

A study was carried out at flood affected reverine villages of three upazilas (small administrative unit) under Jamalpur district in Bangladesh during September, 2011 to May, 2012 to explore the relationship, contribution and direct–indirect effect between personal attributes and their coping strategies towards household food security practiced by the farmers during flood. Data were collected from randomly selected respondents and analyzed through both the qualitative and quantitative techniques by using a statistical program. Out of 18 personal, economic, social and psychological characteristics of the farmers, the personal education, housing condition, annual income, annual expenditure, savings, organizational participation, participation in IGAs, cosmopoliteness, environmental awareness, knowledge on flood coping mechanisms and household food security had positive but both credit received and utilization of received credit had negative. In addition, age, family size, training received, risk orientation and involvement in safety net programs are insignificant with coping strategies towards household food security during flood period.
Analysis of Value Added of Salted Little Tuna in Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia (The Case Study in Pindang Ikan Family Business)
Authors: Primarini Ayudya , Gumilar Iwang , Junianto . , Anna Zuzy
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to analyze the value-added of salted little tuna in Bandung Regency. The general method used in this research is the case study method. The data analysis method used is quantitative descriptive analysis. And to analyze the value-added, the Hayami’s methods were used. The research conduct in Bandung regency from July to August 2021. The results of this research show that value added of salted little tuna in Bandung regency is 27% it means the price of salted little tuna increase 27% from the price of fresh little tuna fish. So, the value-added of salted little tuna is relatively still low. The strategic that used to increase the value added of salted little tuna i.e., increasing in production, increasing in price, and decreasing in costs.
Diagnosis of Hordeum vulgare Genomic Profile: Review
Authors: Al-Hadeithi Zeina S. M. , Jasim Saade Abdalkareem
Published: November 2021

This review represent plants genetic diversity (PDG) generally in crop plant and especially in Barley  (Hordeum vulgare), can be studied (PDG) and stored as a (PGR) plant genetic resources as gene bank , DNA library for saved genetic material at long time and crops improvement can be utilized in breeding programs strategies in future. In this  study observed the significance of plant genetic diversity (PGD) and (PGR) especially on agriculturally important crops , analysis of plant genomic using molecular markers. Barley is a well important studies crops using as a model for study genetic plant, cultivated barley Hordeum vulgare easily hybridization by genetic fingerprinting with wiled barley Hordeum spontaneum. The molecular markers showed their relation with locus of geographic factors and imposed stresses. Here, discussed barley genomic through relationship between genotype and phenotype traits using molecular markers useful for genetic physiological maps construction.
Applied TRL Calibration Technique Using ABCD Matrices for Bended Access Ports
Authors: Arafat O. B. , Abderahim A. , Nabil A. Ouzer , Vincent D.
Published: November 2021

Calibrating network analyzer is still an issue for bended access port devices (devices with access). Bended accesses can give additional errors which are taken into account by using a new design standards of Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) calibration. This Thru-Reflect-Line calibration technique is computed from ABCD parameters that easily allow to remove the bended port effects. This approach is based on the assumption that the Vector Network Analyzer error boxes can be considered as passive system. Furthermore, the method can be applied for de-embedding devices with bended accesses. This calibration and de-embedding technique could be applied, for example, to a coplanar circulator or a power divider measurement which have access lines at 120° from each other.
Comparative Study of the Safety and Chemical Composition of Commercially Available Fruit Juices and Soft Drinks in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Bolarinwa Islamiyat Folashade , Oladepo Segilola Maryam , Adesola Mary Oluwatosin , Qadri Sekinat
Published: November 2021

Aims: Fruits juices and soft drinks are among the most important and convenient foods which are commonly consumed to quench thirst, and as a source of micronutrients. However, most fruit juices commercially sold in Nigeria are not pure juice but contains additives which may affect the safety and quality attributes of the product. This study therefore, evaluated the chemical composition and microbiological safety of some commercially sold fruit juices and drinks and compared their quality with pure fruit juices.

Methodology: Twenty commercially sold fruit juices and soft drinks were analyzed for physicochemical properties, vitamins and minerals composition and microbiological quality using standard analytical procedures.

Results: Pure fruit juices contain similar pH, total titratable acidity, and specific gravity as the commercial fruit juices and soft drinks, but significantly higher total solid contents. The total soluble solid recorded for the pure pineapple (22 g/100ml) and watermelon juice (25.9 g/100ml) were significantly higher than the values (11.1 – 15.5g/100ml) recorded for the commercial fruit juices. The vitamin C content of the commercial soft drink ranged from 22.94 to 26.14 μg/100g, and that of commercial fruit juices and pure fruit juice ranged from 14.89 to 22.81μg/100g with pure fruit juice having the lowest value.

Conclusion: The physicochemical properties of the pure fruit juice and commercial fruit and soft drinks were similar except for total solids and Brix level. Commercial fruit juices and soft drinks contain higher vitamins and minerals than pure fruit juices due to addition of synthetic vitamins and minerals. All the commercial fruit juice samples and soft drinks are free of microbial loads and would not cause any health problems if properly handled after purchase. The study recommends the consumption of hygienically prepared pure fruit juices because they are free from synthetic micronutrients.
The use of Crushed Waste Glass as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates in Asphalt Concrete Mixtures (Glassphalt)
Authors: Tobi Gbadamosi Aderemi , Abidemi Ogunsuyi Raphael , Felix Ojo Meshach
Published: November 2021

With the rapid economic growth and continuously increased consumption, a large amount of glass waste materials is generated; this study investigated the effect of crushed waste glass as filler and also as an aggregate in the asphalt binder course. It compares the glassphalt mix with the specification range at different percentages to meet specifications limit according to Nigeria roads and bridges reverse book of 1997 Waste glass are cleaned and crushed from the glass bottles and added to the asphalt as a filler and as a replacement for coarse aggregates, the marshal method is used to determine the optimum bitumen content and evaluate the properties of the asphalt mix. However, 24 samples were prepared in total, 12 samples each for the asphalt mix used to determine the optimum bitumen content and the other 12 samples for the glassphalt mix used to find out the effect of adding the different percentages of crushed waste glass to the asphalt mixture. The Marshall test carried out on the asphalt mixtures showed that the optimum bitumen content of bitumen was found out to be 6.2% of the asphalt mix by weight. Also, Marshall Test carried out on the glassphalt mix showed the optimum percentage of glass used in the binder course of the weights of aggregates in the asphalt mix. The result of this experiment is been checked to be consistent with the Nigeria road and bridges reverse book of 1997, i.e. Marshall Stability, flow, bulk density, and air voids.
Using Documentary to Make the Teaching of Environmental Literacy Engaging among Market Communities in the Three Senatorial Districts of Ogun State
Authors: Emmanuel Makanjuola, Adekunle , Kehinde Fabunmi, Samuel , Idaraesit Akiode, Janet
Published: November 2021

This study aimed at assessing the deplorable state of environmental degradation and waste disposal compliance in markets across the three senatorial districts in Ogun State. This study investigated the literacy level of waste disposal among the traders in the markets in relation to the principles of sustainable development. In doing so, this work considered the use of documentary mode of teaching in making environmental literacy more engaging and realistic through environmental education. This will help in formulating guidelines on how positive attitude towards waste disposal can be achieved through environmental literacy as a vehicle to realize the educational agenda of sustainable development which cannot be over-emphasized. The research employed a mixed-method research. Focus groups were selected from the markets within the sampled three districts of the state. 270 traders of different groups of interest were selected into the focus groups and 16 market heads were also interviewed. Result showed that the market users have to be educated of the various possible dangers of the degradations they engage in unconsciously. Government is therefore expected to partner market communities, cooperate bodies and non-governmental agencies with interest in healthy and safe environment to raise the awareness level of the market communities in environmental management.
Level of Anxiety among the Mothers of Preterm Newborn Admitted in Nicu Ward
Authors: Patel Rupal , Soni Nirali , Patel Krishna , Patel Mahima , Patel Mansi , Patel Megha
Published: November 2021

Background: Premature birth has a great impact on the parents. In India, 27 million babies are born each year out of which 3.5 million babies are born premature. This study included premature infants <37 weeks of gestation. Preterm birth may have a negative impact on parents’ experience as well In fact, the premature birth of the baby suddenly interrupts the building of parents’ mental representations and expectations.

Aim and Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the level of anxiety among the mothers of preterm newborn admitted in NICU ward and to find out the association between the level of anxiety among the mothers of preterm newborn with their demographic variable.

Design and Methods: A descriptive study was carried out on 50 mothers of premature newborn.  Who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of selected hospital, vadodara. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyses the data by using SPSS-20 software. The samples in this study was selected by non randomised sampling technique. Mothers anxiety regarding the newborn were determined by Hamilton anxiety rating scale. Data was collected by applying Inclusion Criteria like Mothers of preterm who were willing to participate , who were admitted in the hospital.

Results: The majority of mothers the study finding of qualitative data reveals that the mothers level of anxiety 10% mild, 10% moderate, 22% severe, 58% very severe. The linear regression analysis showed that anxiety level was at significance of 0.05 level. Association between age and birth weight in demographic variables.

 Conclusion: The present study concluded level of anxiety 10% mothers of having mild anxiety, 10% were having moderate anxiety, 22% were having severe anxiety, 58% were having very severe anxiety. The linear regression analysis showed that anxiety level was at significance of 0.05 level.
Knowledge and Awareness about the Connection between Lifestyle and Dementia among Adolescents
Authors: Arora Dev , Devi R. Gayatri , Priya A. Jothi
Published: November 2021

Background and Aim: Dementia is a group of symptoms characterized by memory loss, judgemental loss, forgetfulness. Dementia cannot be cured; but can be prevented. There are seven stages of Dementia, no cognitive decline being the first stage to very severe cognitive decline being the seventh stage. Healthy lifestyle is important for lower risk of Dementia. Smoking, consumption of alcohol, negative thinking, depression, stress, anxiety, lack of sleep, unhealthy diet causes Dementia. Diet plays a very important role in prevention of dementia; foods such as red meat, sugar, fatty foods can increase the risk of dementia whereas foods rich in fibres, fruits can reduce the risk of Dementia. The main aim of this study is to assess the knowledge about lifestyle and dementia.

Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional survey. 121 adolescents of Saveetha Dental College, Chennai participated in the survey which was conducted through Google forms in February 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 19 questions. The data was analyzed with the help of SPSS software and chi-square test was done for the correlation between gender and awareness. Chi-square test was done for the correlation of gender with awareness among the population. ‘p-value’ was calculated and value < 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results: Out of that 62 were females and 59 were males. Females were more aware about healthy lifestyles and its connection with dementia than males. 92.56% of people were aware that physical activity promotes a healthy brain. 69.2% agreed that depression can increase risk of Dementia. Majority of them agreed that physical exercise can promote a healthy brain.

Conclusion: This study revealed that lifestyle is highly associated with dementia among adolescents. Healthy lifestyle leads to lower risk of dementia even if there’s high genetic risk. Females were aware about the diet which is healthy for lower risk of dementia and more smoking affects the memory. However, most of the people were neutral about the relation between BMI and Dementia.
Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness on Effect of Air Pollution on Children among Parents
Authors: Krishna B. Ashwin , Devi R. Gayatri , Priya A. Jothi
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The World Health Organisation [WHO] recommended that breathing clean air reduces the risk of diseases such as Asthma and Lung cancer. Inhaling low quality of air causes several health problems such as headaches, nausea and tiredness. The main aim of this study is to create awareness among parents about the effect of air pollution on children.

Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional survey study. The standard questionnaire was prepared and distributed as Google forms to nearly 100-120 parents. The population was randomly selected. A self-administered structured questionnaire was prepared based on Knowledge attitude and awareness on effects of air pollution on children among parents. It was circulated to participants through an online platform (google forms). The statistics were done using SPSS software, chi square test was used to check the association and P value of 0.05% was said to be statistically significant.

Results: 78.53% of the populations were aware that air pollution affects cognitive ability. 50.98% of the population responded that exposure of polluted air to pregnant female’s cause’s premature birth. 45.28% of females were aware that air pollution affects neutron development in the brain. As a result of this study most of the parents were aware about air pollution and its effects on their children.

Conclusion: In this study females were slightly more aware about air pollution than males. If this awareness persists among all the people in the society many harmful effects such as air pollution and other related problems can be solved.
Estimation of Tactile Sensation by Two Point Discrimination among 18 Years Old People
Authors: Maheswari K. Uma , Devi R. Gayatri , Priya A. Jothi
Published: November 2021

Two point discrimination (TPD) is used to distinguish the two point discriminative sense. TPD is most commonly used as neurosensory tests in clinical settings. In tactile sensation, the sensory receptors from the skin reach the somatosensory system and stimulate mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, pain receptors, and proprioceptors to give the response to the respective stimuli. The present study was aim to assess the value of tactiles sensation by two point discrimination test among 18 years people. 18 years old people among the normal population were selected, consisting of 17 males and 33 females. 6 sensory areas were selected for the test. Test performed on six regions of the body like fingertips, fingers, palm, forehead, forearm, back of palm. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed by independent t test. The ability to distinguish the two point discrimination was estimated in millimeters by using a simple hand operated device. The main findings of the study are that females were more sensitive than males in TPD perception.TPD perception was more among 18 years old. The TPD values are more in females when compared to males. The normative values of two point discrimination among 18 years people were established. This study concluded that fingertips in females were more sensitive than other parts of the body.
Survey on HBV Immunisation Status among the Dental Practitioners
Authors: Kishore R. N. Arun , Muralidharan N. P.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: There are more than 2 billion people worldwide who have evident recent or past HBV infection and chronic cases. Hepatitis B, C and D are transmitted by parental contact with infected body fluids including blood, semen, saliva , sweat and tears , invasive medical procedures using equipment which are contaminated with the virus , vertical transmission. Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine that prevents hepatitis B. The first dose is recommended within 24 hours of birth with either two or three more doses given after that. This includes those with immunisation such as from AIDS/HIV and those born premature. It is also recommended that health-care workers be vaccinated. In healthy people routine immunisation results in more than 96% of the people being protected.

Aim: The aim of this study is to know the immunisation status and knowledge and awareness among dental practitioners.

Materials and Methods: A survey was designed to analyse the result. The questionnaire was prepared in Google Forms (online survey link) and was distributed to 100 dental practitioners. The responses were then collected and statistically analysed using SPSS software.

Results and Discussion: After discussing the results of the present study, it was seen that many were aware of hepatitis B vaccine. Limitations of this are that the population is small. Limitations seen in this study can be included in future research for better spread of awareness among the general public.

Conclusion: From the study we can conclude that the majority of the dental practitioners are aware of hepatitis B vaccine and are aware of their vaccination status of hepatitis B.
In silico Analysis of a Novel Peptide Vaccine against Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Authors: Sundar R. , Ganesh P. Sankar , Girija A. S. Smiline , Priyadharshini J. Vijayashree
Published: November 2021

Background : Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is a major global health problem and the most serious type of viral hepatitis. It can cause chronic liver disease and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. HBV is found in highest concentrations in blood and in lower concentrations in other body fluids.

Methods: Target protein was retrieved from the swissprot database. Epitopes were predicted using the BCEPRED server. After running the BLAST algorithm for the target protein, the template with the best identity was selected. After modeling, target protein is verified by using the swiss model workspace and after this process the obtained target protein is allowed to interact with the MHC which is studied by using patchdock, finally these results were viewed by using the deepview tool.

Results: The target protein for vaccine development was downloaded from the SwissProt database. Its SwissProt ID was p29178. The protein was isolated from hepatitis B virus genotype G. The virus was isolated from the United States of America. The length of the target protein was found to be 195 amino acids. To confirm that the target protein could be used for vaccine development, the Presence of epitopes in the protein was confirmed using the BCEPRED tool. Results from the SAVS server showed 95.80 of the residues of the protein had an average 3D-1D score greater than 0.2. The protein attained a pass with an ERRAT value of 90.299.

Conclusion: The present investigation recognized the promising complex formed between the HBV peptide and MHC molecules. All the downloaded MHC molecules were found to interact with the target protein through the formation of hydrogen bonds. Since these interactions are necessary during an immune response to invading pathogens, the target protein would ultimately trigger an immune response if it is administered as a vaccine for Hepatitis B virus genotype G.
To Compare the Efficacy of Betamethasone Gel and Lignocaine Gel Applied over Endotracheal Tube to Reduce Post Operative Sore Throat and Cough
Authors: Imayaval S. , Sanjana K. V. L.
Published: November 2021

Background: Post-operative sore throat, cough and hoarseness of the voice are often common, uncomfortable sequelae after tracheal intubation with inflammation being the most common pathogenesis. Post operative sore throat and cough has a multifactorial aetiology that includes patient-related factors such as age, sex, and smoking, as well as intubation factors such as technique, duration, tube size, intracuff pressure, cuff design, trauma to the pharyngolaryngeal mucosa and various factors.

Objectives: To compare the incidence of post operative sore throat, cough after endotracheal tube intubation when applying betamethasone gel and lignocaine jelly.

Materials and Methods: At Saveetha Medical College and Hospital in Thandalam, Chennai, a prospective controlled double blinded study was done among patients who were scheduled for elective procedures under general anaesthesia with orotracheal intubation. The study comprised 60 patients who met the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria. The 60 patients were divided into two study groups each enrolled with 30 patients. Before the study could begin, approval from the institutional research board was required. Before the study began, an informed, written consent was obtained. The method used was Qualitative observational randomised double blind study by using a computer-generated random number table and the sealed envelope approach, patients were assigned to one of two equal groups.

Following a pre-anaesthetic evaluation, 60 patients of either sex, aged 18 to 60 years, with an ASA physical status of I or II, who were undergoing elective surgery (likely to last up to 240 minutes) under general anaesthesia with orotracheal intubation and met the above inclusion criteria were included in the study. The differences between the study groups were analysed by chi square test and the “p” value used as a cut off for estimating statistical significance between groups is 0.05.

Results: The incidence and severity of post operative sore throat and cough after endotracheal intubation during 6 and 24 hours was found to be statistically significantly in patients in whom betamethasone was used. The results are significant at p<0.05.

At 6 hours the incidence of post operative sore throat for betamethasone and lignocaine was 12% and 30% respectively. At 24 hours the incidence of post operative sore throat for betamethasone and lignocaine was 9.36% and 25.2% respectively.

At 6 hours the incidence of post operative cough for betamethasone and lignocaine was 8.4% and 24%.At 24 hours the incidence of post operative cough for betamethasone and lignocaine was 7.2% and 21.6% respectively.

Conclusion: The use of 0.05 percent betamethasone gel to lubricate the endotracheal tube before intubation helps to reduce the time it takes for symptoms to resolve.
In vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Opuntia ficus-indica Seed Oil
Authors: Mohamed Naz Fathima Raj , Geetha R. V. , Ganesh P. Sankar
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Opuntia ficus-indica is a well adapted cactus to extreme climatic environments. In the usual diet and food industry, it is an interesting source of food ingredients. In general, the protective role of prickly pears has been due to their antioxidant components, phenolic compounds, and some minor components present in the content of seed oil and seed protein and the oil from cactus pear seed has been found with high levels of unsaturated fatty acids ,with antioxidant  and antimicrobial activity as well as cardioprotective, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antiarrhythmic, hypolipidemic, and antihyperglycemic effect.

Aim: To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Opuntia ficus-indica seed oil against Streptococcus mutans.

Materials and Methods: Broth microdilution assay was performed by following modifications: Brain heart infusion (BHI) broth was prepared and sterilise at 121c for 15lbs, the 100 microlitre of streptococcus mutans inoculated at freshly prepared broth and incubated at 37c for 24 hours. Then BHI broth prepared with sucrose and serial two fold dilution were done with 160microlitre broth and 40 microlitre prickly pear seed oil. Then 20 microlitre of culture was added. Column 11 contains BHI using sterile micro pipettes and the plates were incubated at 30 c for 18 hours. The growth of bacteria was visualised and lowest concentration with no visible growth was recorded as MIC.

Results: This study results shows that, by broth microdilution method at concentration ranging from 10%-0.039% v/v, Opuntia ficus-indica seed oil potentially inhibits the growth of streptococcus mutans at the concentration of 0.03% (v/v).

Conclusion: From the study, the results demonstrated that Opuntia ficus-indica seed oil shows noticeable antimicrobial activity against streptococcus mutans. Use of essential oils against oral pathogens can be an alternative to other antimicrobial agents which could be cheap and effective modules used in control of bacteria which are responsible for oral infections.
An Improved and Plant Viable Synthesis of Vitamin K1
Authors: Panchabhai Prasad , Kaliaperumal Neelakandan , Mannathusamy Gopalakrishnan , Chinnadurai Anbuselvan
Published: November 2021

An improved and simplified process of vitamin K1 preparation. The article confers the new reagent BF3. Acetic acid complex as a condensation reagent for phytol with compound III in vitamin K1 synthesis, which eludes the use of ethereal reagent and make the process hazard free. Further innovation presents base catalyzed synthesis of vitamin K1 which is an oxidative product of compound IV. Sodium methoxide base is used in synthesis which eliminates use of metal oxidant, costly and hazardous reagent. The new approach ensures the non-generation of epoxide impurity (V) which tends to form during Ag2O catalyzed synthesis. Finally, article also focused on formation and conformation of 7R and 11R diastereomeric centers and ensure the formation of vitamin k1 with desired stereochemistry also article submit proof of concept and supporting literature survey for desired stereochemistry.
Detection of Immuno Dominant Peptides against pgaB of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Indumathi M. , Girija A. S. Smiline , Ganesh P. Sankar , Priyadharsini J. Vijayashree
Published: November 2021

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram negative non-motile coccobacillus, which was considered as a low priority pathogen with low virulence. Recently, it was declared as the priority pathogen under the critical category of the most dangerous pathogen by WHO. Acinetobacter Baumannii is an inhabitant of oral biofilms, and it also increases the risk of refractory periodontitis. It causes nosocomial infections with pgaB, a part of pgaABCD operon which is involved in the biofilm formation.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to detect the immunodominant peptides against pgaB of Acinetobacter baumannii using bioinformatic tools and databases.

Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out using immune informatics. The protein sequence of the pgaB protein from A.baumannii was subjected to assess allergenicity, secondary structure, antigenicity and stability prediction of selected T cell epitopes, physico-chemical analysis, Identification of MHC class 2 binders, Final selection of B-cell epitopes was done with IEDB B-cell epitope tool

Results: Final docking of the peptides were interpreted by hydrogen bonds and interac- tion scores with TLR-2. Promising scores on antigenicity, instability were obtained. Based on the combinatorial scores, one vaccine peptide (LNLTLGLAL) was suggested to be a promising vaccine candidate against pgaB of A.baumannii.

Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest epitope LNLTLGLAL as a promising vaccine candidate against pgaB of A.baumannii. The vaccine peptides targeting the pgaB Gene in A.baumannii using an immune-informatics approach suggests promising results in the present study. However, the predicted epitope peptides need further experimentation in animal models for its application against A.baumannii.
Retrospective Analysis of Patients Undergoing Total Thyroidectomy for the Last Three Years in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Mahalakshmi K. , BarathChinnaswami R. , Kamal V. Shruthi
Published: November 2021

Background: The incidence of thyroid disorders has increased in the past decade in South India and the increase may be attributed to the phenomenon of overdiagnosis. The thyroid gland secretes hormones, which have various metabolic effects in the body. Most commonly the patients with thyroid disorders present with symptoms of hyperthyroid, hypothyroid and at times, though euthyroid, they may develop a swelling in the neck that has been caused by a goiter (single/multiple), thyroiditis, Grave’s disease, or thyroid carcinoma. In these conditions where there is an associated hyperthyroid or hypothyroid state, it is essential for the consulting physician to provide appropriate management with the aim of bringing the thyroid gland to a euthyroid state prior to further surgical methods. These benign and malignant conditions are initially medically managed but, surgical interventions are indicated sometimes. Total thyroidectomy, subtotal thyroidectomy, partial thyroidectomy, hemi thyroidectomy are the most common surgical procedures performed. Among these procedures, the total thyroidectomy procedure has been gaining an increase of incidence in the past decade.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to analyze the indication rate of various conditions requiring total thyroidectomy surgery, to analyze the most affected age group and sex and to know if the incidence rate coincides with the known international standard. The post-operative complication incidence is also analyzed.

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted over a period of three years at Department of General Surgery, Saveetha Medical College, Thandalam.

Results: The study shows an increased occurrence between 21-40 years old age group, mostly affecting the female population. Nodular goiter is the most common indication for total thyroidectomy surgery, carcinomas are the second most common. Among carcinomas, papillary is the most common type observed in this study.

Conclusion: Total thyroidectomy is effective in treating several thyroid disorders and the risk of recurrence in subtotal, partial or hemi thyroidectomy outweighs the risk of complication during surgery in total thyroidectomy.