bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“A educação dos filhos”: pequenas porções de pedagogia para os pais pelo Monsenhor Álvaro Negromonte
Authors: Orlando Evelyn de Almeida
Published: April 2015

Este artigo apresenta o discurso da Igreja direcionado às famílias sobre a educação dos filhos nos anos de 1950, a partir da voz de um dos seus representantes, o Monsenhor Álvaro Negromonte. Compreendido como parte de sua Biblioteca Pedagógica o manual A Educação dos Filhos faz parte de uma trilogia endereçada às famílias e se constitui na principal fonte deste trabalho. Corresponde ao segundo livro da trilogia e se constitui como uma espécie de Tratado Pedagógico cujo objetivo era orientar os pais na tarefa da educar os seus filhos.  A análise do manual teve como âncora os conceitos de Bibliotecas Pedagógicas de Chartier (1994) e Sgarbi (2001) e Tratados pedagógicos tal como propõe pensar Carvalho (2001; 2006). Assim, este trabalho analisa um conjunto de saberes e práticas orientados pela Igreja Católica no sentido de formar as famílias a partir de impressos produzidos com finalidade pedagógica específica voltada para a educação dos filhos.
One Valley, Three Hands: The Bilateral Negotiations of the Deatnu Agreement and Its Impact on Sami People’s Rights
Authors: Selfors Áike Niillas Peder
Published: April 2015

The salmon stocks of the Deatnu River, in the core area of Sápmi, the traditional lands of the Sami people, have been designated as critically endangered. In November 2011, Norway and Finland agreed to renegotiate the agreement that regulates salmon fishing in the Deatnu River. This article explores the safeguards under international human rights law that are available to the Sami people in the Deatnu Valley in connection with this renegotiation process. Since the Sami people are recognized as an indigenous people in both countries, the negotiations touch upon several core issues of indigenous peoples’ rights, amongst these: the principle of self-determination, the principle of non-discrimination, and indigenous issues related to international border regulations. The article shows that the ongoing negotiations’ structure and preparations, to all appearances, have violated the rights of the Sami people. Consequently, risking a dissemination of further violations of Sami people’s rights—both, in regards to the negotiation process, and in what may be the new Deatnu Agreement.Keywords: Deatnu; Finland; indigenous peoples; international border areas; international human rights; international negotiations; Norway; Sami; salmon(Published: March 2015)Citation: Á. N. Peder Selfors. “One Valley, Three Hands: The Bilateral Negotiations of the Deatnu Agreement and Its Impact on Sami People’s Rights.” Arctic Review on Law and Politics, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2015, pp. 52–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/arctic.v6.59
SAFETY OF TREATMENT FACILITIES AT PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS
Authors: YaKOVLEVA M. V , FROLOV E. A , FROLOV A. E
Published: April 2015

Ecological safety of the environment depends on the reliability of hazardous production facilities. One of the key points of ecological safety is the high degree of industrial waste water purification, which is possible in the proper condition of the treatment facilities.Possible damages in treatment facilities and the ways of their repairing are described.
SPECIAL FEATURES AND DIFFERENCES OF BUSINESS CENTERS IN THE CAPITALS OF RUSSIAN REGIONS
Authors: KAYaSOV A. A
Published: April 2015

This article describes development of business centers projects in Russian regions, their functional composition, location in the city structure, features of location on former industrial territories.
PROBLEMS OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH UNIVERSITY COMPLEXES
Authors: MEL'NIKOVA V. M , NAKVAKINA O. K
Published: April 2015

The article analyzed the sociological monitoring, which aims at clarifying the possible problems and attitudes IIUK who could take part in the project, construction, operation and development IIUK.
A MONOCITY TOGLIATTI IN A CONTEXT OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE POST-INDUSTRIAL CITY
Authors: SOLODILOV M. V
Published: April 2015

The article analyzes phenomen of Russian mono-cities in a context of social and economic transformations of the industrial and post-industrial city
PROBLEMS OF SAFETY WHEN BUILDING POWER INSTALLATIONS ACCUMULATING NONTRADITIONAL (RENEWED) ENERGY SOURCES
Authors: EVDOKIMOV S. V
Published: April 2015

Here are presented the basic problems of safety when building power installations using nontraditional (renewed) energy sources in Russia and abroad. The environmental influence of power installations using the energy of the wind, the sun, the geothermal, tidal energy and the energy of a biomass is considered. There have been found the basic aspects of using power installations based on the renewable sources of energy in terms of their safe use in the environment both at construction and operation periods.
THE CONCEPT OF ADVANCED TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT AS THE MAIN METHOD OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE POST-INDUSTRIAL CITY
Authors: LEUShKINA T. A , GOLOVIN A. G
Published: April 2015

This article is devoted to the transport problems of Russian cities. The article considers the modern principles of improvement of the transport situation cities, methods of transformation of urban construction framework on the basis of advanced transport development.
AGED MATERIALS IN PROJECTS OF MODERN ARCHITECTS
Authors: MATVEEVA O. V
Published: April 2015

The article presents the projects of contemporary architects who use in their works aged materials in the context of reconstruction, and as an independent aesthetic aspect of modern architectural design. Also considered the relevance of the aged-material trends in contemporary architecture.
THE PHILOSOPHY OF PACKAGE DESIGN IN THE CONTEXT OF POSTMODERNIST DISCOURSE
Authors: REPINA E. A , SOROKINA A. V
Published: April 2015

The problem of integrity of the relations between the denotations (The Signified) of the external shape (form) and the inward or the archetype of Package and the archetype of The Packed is the subject of this article. The named opposition is explicitly not beeing solved and, on the opposite, is maintained in the contemporary society. With the help of (partly) postmodernistic instrumentarium the settlement of the opposition in more than possible, and even more than that, what is possible is the the-new-in-the-essence relationship between The Packed and The Package, where one member doesnt anyhow exceeds, stops up or blocks the Other nor in the sacred plane of physical shape or form, nor in that another plane of metaphoric meanings and the semantic field of each object, nor in the other planes, essentially.
CENTER FOR URBAN INITIATIVES. EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURAL TYPOLOGY OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Authors: ChIKRIZOVA K. V , GOLOVIN A. G
Published: April 2015

The article is an attempt to rethink the interaction between urban communities, Urban governance bodies, architects and town planners in matters of urban development strategy for the case of Ulyanovsk city.A number of problems, such as low functional appeal of the central space, the lack of urban development strategies, formal participation in the development and adoption of urban development programs requires a new approach in the current socio-economic environment. Entering the setting of project objectives for the development of the central city area is not possible without an analysis of the current situation, the development of urban planning strategies and discuss, which is difficulty realizable within the existing administrative structure. Consolidation of efforts to make decisions on urban planning strategies available with the participation of stakeholders: Urban governance bodies, architects, people, and creating an environment of interaction: social complex, the Center for Urban Initiatives (CUI). As part of the CUI is to develop, negotiate and influence decisions on urban development strategies and integration in the development of the city and the creation of a comfortable urban environment.Create a full environment for the public and professional discussion on urban prospects can solve some urgent problems of the city.
IMPACT OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS ON THE PROCESS OF BORDER BETWEEN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURAL SPACE
Authors: RADULOVA Ya. I , LEKAREVA N. A
Published: April 2015

The concept of spatial boundaries is presented as the joints of the two states of the space. The evolution of the architectural boundaries under the influence of scientific and technological progress is considered. The problems of forming the architectural boundaries in the network of the science and technological progress are revealed. The examples of new environmental concepts in design practice, which include the ability of energy saving, air cleansing, reducing hazardous waste in manufacturing and construction and increasing the environments visual comfort, are such buildings as the Replay Store, Caixa Forum Museum, Hotel Athenaeum, Ann Demeulmeester boutique.
ABOUT CALCULATING FLOODWATER FILTER SPILLWAYS OPERATING AT VARIABLE PRESSURE
Authors: ShABANOV V. A
Published: April 2015

In order to reduce flood peaks, environmental and economic risks it is offered to build buffer reservoirs. The approximate theoretically proved formula for calculating the capacity of the filter spillway at variable pressure has been derived.
ABOUT THE PROBLEM OF FORMING PEDESTRIAN SPACES IN THE CITY OF SAMARA
Authors: MEL'NIKOVA V. M , KSENOFONTOVA E. A
Published: April 2015

The article analyzed the sociological monitoring aimed at finding out the method of organizing pedestrian spaces in diﬀerent parts of the city on condition of existing development and the development being projected.
THIRD SPACE. GENERAL THEORY OF HETEROTOPIA BY MICHEAL DEHAENE AND LIEVEN DE CAUTER
Authors: MASTALERZh N. A
Published: April 2015

The term heterotopia was introduced by french philosopher Michel Foucault in his lecture in 1967 , that he held for some french architects. He was talking about some other spaces. Other spaces was published only in 1984, and since then has enjoyed increased attention from theoreticians of architecture, also as an attempt to put forward a new theory of time-space. But this article is not about Foucaults vision, but about theoretical work of Michiel Dehaene (architect, urbanist, PhD) and Leiven De Cauter (philosopher, art historian, writer, activist), who made attempt to rethink the Foucaults text, on the one hand by exposing him to criticism, on the other - seeing it as something that will give a new approach to the dichotomy of public private. The article gives a brief overview of the general theory heterotopia, its theoretical validity and recognition principles.
SUPERIOR ACCOMMODATION. CONSUMER ATTITUDES
Authors: MEL'NIKOVA V. M , POPOV A. A , SALAKhOVA A. R
Published: April 2015

Article formed on the basis of the analysis of the housing market increased level of comfort. To review the results of the questionnaire proposed by the inhabitants of Samara.
FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOWN-PLANNING RESERVES OF INTER-SETTLEMENT TERRITORIES OF THE CITIES OF SAMARA AND TOGLIATTI
Authors: SOLODILOV M. V
Published: April 2015

In the article the tracked features of the agglomeration processes in the inter-settlement territories of the cities of Samara and Togliatti. Due to the magnetic attraction between the two major cities is the accelerated development of the various markets and spheres of activity, which are formed on a consolidated basis, generating a positive eﬀect.
ASSESSMENT OF FIRE RESISTANCE OF MASONRY WALLS AND PARTITIONS OF BUILDINQS
Authors: IL'IN N. A , BITYuTsKIY A. I , ShEPELEV A. P , FROLOVA E. I , ESMONT S. V
Published: April 2015

Developed a technical solution that relates to the fire safety of buildings and structures. Particularly it can be used for the classification of unreinforced masonry structures of buildings on indicators their resistance to fire. This gives the possibility of reasonable use of the existing masonry structures with the actual fire-resistance rating in buildings of various categories according to their fire hazard.
WELLS COATES' “ISOKON” REVIVED: A CASE STUDY OF BRITISH CONTEMPORARY BEST PRACTICE IN THE RESTORATION OF MODERNIST ARCHITECTURE
Authors: BASS S. K
Published: April 2015

This article presents a successful example of the restoration of a building from the 1930s in London the Isokon apartment building in Hampstead by Wells Coates. The article describes the analysis of the condition of this listed English modernist building and the strategy for its restoration according to the principle of authenticity. The methods deployed to restore the monolithic reinforced concrete structure, the roof and the original interiors to accommodate modern appliances and heating systems are detailed.
EVOLUTION OF THE PERIMETER TOWN PLANNING COMPOSITION OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN SAMARA
Authors: KOTENKO I. A
Published: April 2015

The paper analyses the results of one kind of city-planning composition in Samara. The author underlines the main role of the perimeter composition in the city-planning of the historic city. Special features of the given composition in diﬀerent historic periods of Samara from the first plans till nowadays are described in the paper. The article is illustrated with the examples of perimeter compositions of residential development and the existing morthotypes of city blocks. The author makes the conclusion about the expediency of applying the best traditions of perimeter city-planning.
THE CONCEPT OF CONSTRUCTIVE MULTI-MODULE «FLORUS» IN THE SYSTEM OF TASK LANDSCAPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECT
Authors: MALAKhOV S. A , BOGDANOV E. V , BAL'KIN I. A
Published: April 2015

It is diﬃcult to say who and when the first had an idea to use mechanical systems in the architecture and interior design. Until recently, we could see constructions capable to change its geometric shape only in space and military industries: solar satellites, self-opening tent and life rafts, etc. Understanding that the convertible construction can be the starting element of the architectural object, appeared at the beginning of twentieth century.Schemes of device transformed volumes as many as there are various mechanisms invented by humanity in its history. Therefore, in this area oﬀers an endless field for constructive and architectural work.
Practical Issues in Estimating Achievement Gaps From Coarsened Data
Authors: Reardon Sean F. , Ho Andrew D.
Published: April 2015

In an earlier paper, we presented methods for estimating achievement gaps when test scores are coarsened into a small number of ordered categories, preventing fine-grained distinctions between individual scores. We demonstrated that gaps can nonetheless be estimated with minimal bias across a broad range of simulated and real coarsened data scenarios. In this article, we extend this previous work to obtain practical estimates of the imprecision imparted by the coarsening process and of the bias imparted by measurement error. In the first part of this article, we derive standard error estimates and demonstrate that coarsening leads to only very modest increases in standard errors under a wide range of conditions. In the second part of this article, we describe and evaluate a practical method for disattenuating gap estimates to account for bias due to measurement error.
Weakly Informative Prior for Point Estimation of Covariance Matrices in Hierarchical Models
Authors: Chung Yeojin , Gelman Andrew , Rabe-Hesketh Sophia , Liu Jingchen , Dorie Vincent
Published: April 2015

When fitting hierarchical regression models, maximum likelihood (ML) estimation has computational (and, for some users, philosophical) advantages compared to full Bayesian inference, but when the number of groups is small, estimates of the covariance matrix (Σ) of group-level varying coefficients are often degenerate. One can do better, even from a purely point estimation perspective, by using a prior distribution or penalty function. In this article, we use Bayes modal estimation to obtain positive definite covariance matrix estimates. We recommend a class of Wishart (not inverse-Wishart) priors for Σ with a default choice of hyperparameters, that is, the degrees of freedom are set equal to the number of varying coefficients plus 2, and the scale matrix is the identity matrix multiplied by a value that is large relative to the scale of the problem. This prior is equivalent to independent gamma priors for the eigenvalues of Σ with shape parameter 1.5 and rate parameter close to 0. It is also equivalent to independent gamma priors for the variances with the same hyperparameters multiplied by a function of the correlation coefficients. With this default prior, the posterior mode for Σ is always strictly positive definite. Furthermore, the resulting uncertainty for the fixed coefficients is less underestimated than under classical ML or restricted maximum likelihood estimation. We also suggest an extension of our method that can be used when stronger prior information is available for some of the variances or correlations.
An Evaluation of Empirical Bayes’s Estimation of Value-Added Teacher Performance Measures
Authors: Guarino Cassandra M. , Maxfield Michelle , Reckase Mark D. , Thompson Paul N. , Wooldridge Jeffrey M.
Published: April 2015

Empirical Bayes’s (EB) estimation has become a popular procedure used to calculate teacher value added, often as a way to make imprecise estimates more reliable. In this article, we review the theory of EB estimation and use simulated and real student achievement data to study the ability of EB estimators to properly rank teachers. We compare the performance of EB estimators with that of other widely used value-added estimators under different teacher assignment scenarios. We find that, although EB estimators generally perform well under random assignment (RA) of teachers to classrooms, their performance suffers under nonrandom teacher assignment. Under non-RA, estimators that explicitly (if imperfectly) control for the teacher assignment mechanism perform the best out of all the estimators we examine. We also find that shrinking the estimates, as in EB estimation, does not itself substantially boost performance.
Development and Efficacy of a Canine Pelvic Limb Model Used to Teach the Cranial Drawer and Tibial Compression Tests in the Stifle Joint
Authors: Troy Jarrod R. , Bergh Mary Sarah
Published: April 2015

Canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) is the most common cause of pelvic limb lameness in dogs. CCLR results in palpable stifle instability secondary to cranial translation of the tibial relative to the femur, and it can be diagnosed during the orthopedic exam using the cranial drawer test (CDT) and tibial compression test (TCT). Accurate diagnosis of CCLR depends on the efficacy in performing these tests. In this study, two three-dimensional canine pelvic limb models were developed: one simulating a normal stifle and one simulating CCLR. Thirty-eight veterinary student participants answered questionnaires and performed both the CDT and TCT on a randomly assigned model. Twenty-one participants also manipulated the models one week later to assess skill retention in the short term. Mean levels of reported confidence in diagnosing CCLR and finding anatomic landmarks for CDT/TCT were significantly higher following model manipulation. Nearly all participants reported that they desired a model for teaching the diagnosis of CCLR. Most participants (92.5%) felt that the tested model would be useful for teaching CCLR diagnosis. Accuracy in diagnosing CCLR with the TCT significantly improved over time. Participant response indicated that while the tested model was effective and desirable, an ideal model would be more durable and lifelike. Further studies are needed to evaluate the developed models' effectiveness for teaching CCLR diagnosis compared to traditional teaching methods.
Development of a Cadaveric Model for Arthrocentesis
Authors: MacIver Melissa A. , Johnson Matthew
Published: April 2015

This article reports the development of a novel cadaveric model for future use in teaching arthrocentesis. In the clinical setting, animal safety is essential and practice is thus limited. Objectives of the study were to develop and compare a model to an unmodified cadaver by injecting one of two types of fluids to increase yield. The two fluids injected, mineral oil (MO) and hypertonic saline (HS), were compared to determine any difference on yield. Lastly, aspiration immediately after (T1) or three hours after (T2) injection were compared to determine any effect on diagnostic yield. Joints used included the stifle, elbow, and carpus in eight medium dog cadavers. Arthrocentesis was performed before injection (control) and yield measured. Test joints were injected with MO or HS and yield measured after range of motion (T1) and three hours post injection to simulate lab preparation (T2). Both models had statistically significantly higher yield compared with the unmodified cadaver in all joints at T1 and T2 (p<.05) with the exception of HST2 carpus. T2 aspiration had a statistically significant lower yield when compared to T1HS carpus, T1HS elbow, and T1MO carpus. Overall, irrespective of fluid volume or type, percent yield was lower in T2 compared to T1. No statistically significant difference was seen between HS and MO in most joints with the exception of MOT1 stifle and HST2 elbow. Within the time frame assessed, both models were acceptable. However, HS arthrocentesis models proved appropriate for student trial due to the difficult aspirations with MO.
Development and Evaluation of Two Canine Low-Fidelity Simulation Models
Authors: Aulmann Maria , März Maren , Burgener Iwan A. , Alef Michaele , Otto Sven , Mülling Christoph K.W.
Published: April 2015

Two self-made low-fidelity models for simulation of canine intubation and canine female urinary catheterization were developed and evaluated. We used a study design that compares acquired skills of two intervention groups and one control group in a practical examination. Fifty-eight second-year veterinary medicine students received a theoretical introduction to intubation and were randomly divided into three groups. Group I (high-fidelity) was then trained on a commercially available Intubation Training Manikin (item #2006, Veteffects), group II (low-fidelity) was trained on our low-fidelity model, and group III (text) read a text describing intubation of the dog. Forty-seven fifth-year veterinary medicine students followed the same procedure for training urinary catheterization using the commercially available Female Urinary Catheter Training Manikin (Paws 2 Claws), our self-made model, and text. Outcomes were assessed in a practical examination on a cadaver using an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) checklist. Considering a value of p≤.05 significant, intervention groups performed significantly better than the text groups. Group I (high-fidelity) and group II (low-fidelity) showed no significant differences (p≤.684, intubation; p≤.901, urinary catheterization). We thereby conclude that low-fidelity models can be as effective as high-fidelity models for clinical skills training.
Gamma Knife radiosurgery for posterior fossa meningiomas: a multicenter study
Authors: Sheehan Jason P. , Starke Robert M. , Kano Hideyuki , Barnett Gene H. , Mathieu David , Chiang Veronica , Yu James B. , Hess Judith , McBride Heyoung L. , Honea Norissa , Nakaji Peter , Lee John Y. K. , Rahmathulla Gazanfar , Evanoff Wendi A. , Alonso-Basanta Michelle , Lunsford L. Dade
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

Posterior fossa meningiomas represent a common yet challenging clinical entity. They are often associated with neurovascular structures and adjacent to the brainstem. Resection can be undertaken for posterior fossa meningiomas, but residual or recurrent tumor is frequent. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been used to treat meningiomas, and this study evaluates the outcome of this approach for those located in the posterior fossa.

METHODS

At 7 medical centers participating in the North American Gamma Knife Consortium, 675 patients undergoing SRS for a posterior fossa meningioma were identified, and clinical and radiological data were obtained for these cases. Females outnumbered males at a ratio of 3.8 to 1, and the median patient age was 57.6 years (range 12–89 years). Prior resection was performed in 43.3% of the patient sample. The mean tumor volume was 6.5 cm3, and a median margin dose of 13.6 Gy (range 8–40 Gy) was delivered to the tumor.

RESULTS

At a mean follow-up of 60.1 months, tumor control was achieved in 91.2% of cases. Actuarial tumor control was 95%, 92%, and 81% at 3, 5, and 10 years after radiosurgery. Factors predictive of tumor progression included age greater than 65 years (hazard ratio [HR] 2.36, 95% CI 1.30–4.29, p = 0.005), prior history of radiotherapy (HR 5.19, 95% CI 1.69–15.94, p = 0.004), and increasing tumor volume (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.08, p = 0.005). Clinical stability or improvement was achieved in 92.3% of patients. Increasing tumor volume (odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.10, p = 0.009) and clival, petrous, or cerebellopontine angle location as compared with petroclival, tentorial, and foramen magnum location (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.05–3.65, p = 0.036) were predictive of neurological decline after radiosurgery. After radiosurgery, ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, resection, and radiation therapy were performed in 1.6%, 3.6%, and 1.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Stereotactic radiosurgery affords a high rate of tumor control and neurological preservation for patients with posterior fossa meningiomas. Those with a smaller tumor volume and no prior radiation therapy were more likely to have a favorable response after radiosurgery. Rarely, additional procedures may be required for hydrocephalus or tumor progression.
Survival in patients treated for anaplastic meningioma
Authors: Moliterno Jennifer , Cope William P. , Vartanian Emma D. , Reiner Anne S. , Kellen Roselyn , Ogilvie Shahiba Q. , Huse Jason T. , Gutin Philip H.
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

While most meningiomas are benign, 1%–3% display anaplastic features, with little current understanding regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying their formation. In a large single-center cohort, the authors tested the hypothesis that two distinct subtypes of anaplastic meningiomas, those that arise de novo and those that progress from lower grade tumors, exist and exhibit different clinical behavior.

METHODS

Pathology reports and clinical data of 37 patients treated between 1999 and 2012 for anaplastic meningioma at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into those whose tumors arose de novo and those whose tumors progressed from previously documented benign or atypical meningiomas.

RESULTS

Overall, the median age at diagnosis was 59 years and 57% of patients were female. Most patients (38%) underwent 2 craniotomies (range 1–5 surgeries) aimed at gross-total resection (GTR; 59%), which afforded better survival when compared with subtotal resection according to Kaplan-Meier estimates (median overall survival [OS] 3.2 vs 1.3 years, respectively; p = 0.04, log-rank test). Twenty-three patients (62%) presented with apparently de novo anaplastic meningiomas. Compared with patients whose tumors had progressed from a lower grade, those patients with de novo tumors were significantly more likely to be female (70% vs 36%, respectively; p = 0.04), experience better survival (median OS 3.0 vs 2.4 years, respectively; p = 0.03, log-rank test), and harbor cerebral hemispheric as opposed to skull base tumors (91% vs 43%, respectively; p = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS

Based on this single-center experience at MSKCC, anaplastic meningiomas, similar to glial tumors, can arise de novo or progress from lower grade tumors. These tumor groups appear to have distinct clinical behavior. De novo tumors may well be molecularly distinct, which is under further investigation. Aggressive GTR appears to confer an OS advantage in patients with anaplastic meningioma, and this is likely independent of tumor progression status. Similarly, those patients with de novo tumors experience a survival advantage likely independent of extent of resection.
Timing of pollen release and stigma receptivity period of Piper vicosanum: New insights into sexual reproduction of the genus
Authors: Valentin‐Silva Adriano , Coelho Victor Peçanha de Miranda , Ventrella Marília Contin , Vieira Milene Faria
Published: April 2015

• Premise of the study: Dichogamy is a common characteristic among angiosperms, including Piper species. In this genus, the tiny flowers are morphologically similar and have an asynchronous stamen development. However, there is no information on the duration of stigma receptivity and whether it overlaps with pollen release. To better understand mechanisms of floral function in Piper vicosanum, we provide a detailed characterization of the timing of pollen release from the four stamens and the period of stigma receptivity and exposure mode of the receptive areas.

• Methods: We investigated plants of a natural population in a semideciduous seasonal forest (Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil), based on chemical tests, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy analyses.

• Key results: Incomplete protogyny—a mechanism that favors outcrossing—was recorded. The period of stigma receptivity was long (14 d), and the sequential exposure and senescence of stigmatic papillae occurred gradually and in a basipetal direction. Pollen release began 2–6 d after the beginning of the pistillate phase, with an average pollen viability of 87.7%, during the bisexual flower phase. Pollen was released for up to 6 d and occurred in one stamen at a time. The fruit set observed in tests of self‐pollination indicated self‐compatibility.

• Conclusions: The gradual and sequential exposure of stigmatic papillae in P. vicosanum flowers is described here as the mechanism for the long duration of receptivity. Anther development and pollen release were also sequential. These findings are yet unreported reproductive characteristics of the genus and offer new perspectives for future studies on the floral biology of other Piper species.
Multiplexed‐shotgun‐genotyping data resolve phylogeny within a very recently derived insular lineage
Authors: Mort Mark E. , Crawford Daniel J. , Kelly John K. , Santos‐Guerra Arnoldo , Menezes de Sequeira Miguel , Moura Mónica , Caujapé‐Castells Juli
Published: April 2015

• Premise of the study: Endemic plants on oceanic islands have long served as model systems for studying patterns and processes of evolution. However, phylogenetic studies of island plants frequently illustrate a decoupling of molecular divergence and ecological/morphological diversity, resulting in phylogenies lacking the resolution required to interpret patterns of evolution in a phylogenetic context. The current study uses the primarily Macaronesian flowering plant genus Tolpis to illustrate the utility of multiplexed shotgun genotyping (MSG) for resolving relationships at relatively deep (among archipelagos) and very shallow (within archipelagos) nodes in this small, yet diverse insular plant lineage that had not been resolved with other molecular markers.

• Methods: Genomic libraries for 27 accessions of Macaronesian Tolpis were generated for genotyping individuals using MSG, a form of reduced‐representation sequencing, similar to restriction‐site‐associated DNA markers (RADseq). The resulting data files were processed using the program pyRAD, which clusters MSG loci within and between samples. Phylogenetic analyses of the aligned data matrix were conducted using RAxML.

• Key results: Analysis of MSG data recovered a highly resolved phylogeny with generally strong support, including the first robust inference of relationships within the highly diverse Canary Island clade of Tolpis.

• Conclusions: The current study illustrates the utility of MSG data for resolving relationships in lineages that have undergone recent, rapid diversification resulting in extensive ecological and morphological diversity. We suggest that a similar approach may prove generally useful for other rapid plant radiations where resolving phylogeny has been difficult.
Estimating Hearing Thresholds in Hearing-Impaired Adults through Objective Detection of Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials
Authors: Van Dun Bram , Dillon Harvey , Seeto Mark
Published: April 2015

Background:Hearing threshold estimation based on cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) has been applied for some decades. However, available research is scarce evaluating the accuracy of this technique with an automated paradigm for the objective detection of CAEPs.Purpose:To
determine the difference between behavioral and CAEP thresholds detected using an objective paradigm based on the Hotelling’s T2 statistic. To propose a decision tree to choose the next stimulus level in a sample of hearing-impaired adults. This knowledge potentially
could increase the efficiency of clinical hearing threshold testing.Research Design:Correlational cohort study. Thresholds obtained behaviorally were compared with thresholds obtained through cortical testing.Study Sample:Thirty-four adults with hearing loss participated in this
study.Data Collection and Analysis:For each audiometric frequency and each ear, behavioral thresholds were collected with both pure-tone and 40-msec tone-burst stimuli. Then, corresponding cortical hearing thresholds were determined. An objective cortical-response detection algorithm
based on the Hotelling’s T2 statistic was applied to determine response presence. A decision tree was used to select the next stimulus level. In total, 241 behavioral-cortical threshold pairs were available for analysis. The differences between CAEP and behavioral thresholds
(and their standard deviations [SDs]) were determined for each audiometric frequency. Cortical amplitudes and electroencephalogram noise levels were extracted. The practical applicability of the decision tree was evaluated and compared to a Hughson-Westlake paradigm.Results:It was shown
that, when collapsed over all audiometric frequencies, behavioral pure-tone thresholds were on average 10 dB lower than 40-msec cortical tone-burst thresholds, with an SD of 10 dB. Four percent of CAEP thresholds, all obtained from just three individual participants, were more than 30 dB higher
than their behavioral counterparts. The use of a decision tree instead of a Hughson-Westlake procedure to obtain a CAEP threshold did not seem to reduce test time, but there was significantly less variation in the number of CAEP trials needed to determine a threshold.Conclusions:Behavioral
hearing thresholds in hearing-impaired adults can be determined with an acceptable degree of accuracy (mean threshold correction and SD of both 10 dB) using an objective statistical cortical-response detection algorithm in combination with a decision tree to determine the test levels.
À quoi réfléchit le praticien réflexif ?
Authors: Schneuwly Bernard
Published: April 2015

Le « praticien réflexif » a connu un immense succès dans la formation des enseignants, en Amérique du Nord puis en Europe. La contribution présente la visée originelle du concept : un combat contre la technologie rationnelle en vue de réhabiliter les professions. Cette réhabilitation paie cependant le prix d’une abstraction des outils et des objets de profession ; la réflexion pure est mise à la place du travail concret du professionnel. C’est précisément cet accent sur la réflexion en tant que telle qui facilite l’entrée du concept dans les conceptions de la formation des enseignants : là aussi, abstraction est faite de l’objet du travail des enseignants, le savoir. Ceci caractérise l’usage du concept dans les pays francophones, centré sur certains aspects de la condition de l’exercice de la profession : la relation pédagogique. Les travaux se servant du concept s’inspirent en général du paradigme de l’éducation nouvelle qui propose selon le mode de la négation abstraite, un autre qui viendrait remplacer les pratiques classiques d’enseignement.
Philosophie weilienne et théologie chrétienne chez Henri Bouillard
Authors: Castro Michel
Published: April 2015

La rencontre du philosophe Eric Weil permet au théologien Henri Bouillard de mettre en œuvre son concept de théologie fondamentale, notamment à propos des rapports entre politique et christianisme, et entre philosophie et foi ; mais elle le conforte aussi à ne pas relever les défis de son époque : les théologies politiques et les sciences humaines.
Gratuité
Authors: Gilbert Paul
Published: April 2015

La philosophie contemporaine, particulièrement en France et en Italie, s’est attachée au thème du ‘don’ ; s’ensuit un renouvellement de la ‘philosophie première’. L’article parcourt quelques textes des dernières années qui en présentent différents aspects : la gratuité (que Mauss avait approchée mais qui prend un poids nouveau dans la phénoménologie récente), le sacrifice (que notre culture n’entend plus qu’en faveur du progrès de l’individu), la reconnaissance (à laquelle Ricœur a consacré son dernier ouvrage de 2004). Tout don tire son originalité de l’excès de son origine ; il n’implique donc aucun effacement du donateur, ni non plus aucune imposition de soi au donataire ; le donateur demeure présent en son don, éveillant la reconnaissance du destinataire qu’il aura préalablement reconnu lui-même et déjà respecté.
De la pourpre au vêtement de lumière, dans l’œuvre de Gérard Pfister : une initiation
Authors: Frank Évelyne
Published: April 2015

Lorsque l’œuvre poétique de Gérard Pfister dessine un parcours initiatique, le motif du vêtement en scande les étapes, de la pourpre au blanc, en passant par la nudité. C’est que l’habit, bien qu’extérieur à l’homme, dit son être, parle de sa vie intérieure. L’enjeu du parcours est un passage, de la peur de sa vulnérabilité à l’acceptation de son désir. Ceci advient dans un combat baptismal, que la confiance dénoue.
Entrer en reconnaissance avec Paul Ricœur : un hommage
Authors: Amherdt François-Xavier
Published: April 2015

Le dernier ouvrage de Paul Ricœur, intitulé Parcours de la reconnaissance , nous invite lui-même à la gratitude. C’est en héritiers endettés que nous nous situons face à l’œuvre immense du philosophe réformé décédé l’an dernier : son goût du « dialogue universel » avec la plupart des courants de pensée du XX e siècle, son art de l’admiration sans cesse cultivée contre l’ennui, sa volonté de décentrement du cogito sur la « voie longue de l’herméneutique », son humilité d’auditeur de la poétique biblique en sa polyphonie multiforme l’ont maintenu jeune jusqu’au bout de son existence. Dans la joie du oui prononcé au cœur de la tristesse du fini.
La mère de l’Emmanuel
Authors: Radermakers Jean
Published: April 2015

Le livre d’Isaïe (7,14) ne spécifie pas quelle est la mère de l’Emmanuel, cet enfant dont il annonce la naissance et le destin prometteur. On pense à la reine, femme d’Akhaz, ou bien à l’épouse d’Isaïe. Mais le reste du livre du prophète parle souvent de Sion comme d’un personnage féminin, épouse infidèle ou prostituée, que Dieu reprend en son Alliance, revirginise et rend féconde, ouvrant ainsi la symbolique initiale. Matthieu (1,23) y reconnaît Marie, mère de Jésus, en qui s’accomplissent ces figures superposées. Par Marie, un voile se lève sur la maternité virginale comme grâce fécondante de Dieu, et sur la fécondité divine de la virginité.
La complémentarité irréductible
Authors: Fernández Víctor M.
Published: April 2015

L’A. considère que la principale racine théologique de la Shoah consiste à déclarer non nécessaire ou non pertinent l’apport de la religion juive après Jésus Christ. L’article parcourt cinq modes d’approche chrétienne du judaïsme, qui demeurent insuffisantes pour démonter cette erreur. Ensuite, l’A. investit pleinement le cadre de l’herméneutique biblique pour dénoncer le danger des modèles d’accomplissement, d’opposition et de substitution, qu’on utilise encore pour expliquer la relation du Nouveau Testament à l’Ancien. Finalement, il propose un modèle alternatif : la « complémentarité irréductible », qui manifeste la pertinence actuelle de la lecture juive de la Bible, sans nier la légitimité d’une lecture christologique.
L’argile modelée par le Christ
Authors: Dumas Bertrand
Published: April 2015

Selon Grégoire de Nysse, la corporéité est une dimension constitutive de l’homme, et la vraie opposition n’est pas à mettre entre corps et esprit, mais entre (re)Créateur et créatures. Le Christ, Verbe fait chair, mort et ressuscité pour nous, nous ouvre les yeux sur les limites et le sens de notre corporéité présente ; et il l’achève par la résurrection. Au milieu de courants philosophiques opposés, notre auteur fait ainsi droit à une intuition majeure de la philosophie (« l’essentiel est invisible pour les yeux ») sans pour autant discréditer notre corps actuel, ni en faire un absolu. Au rebours des tendances païennes qui sommeillent toujours en nous, nous pouvons nous réjouir car il est fini, « l’esclavage de la corruption » (Rm 8,21). Notre corps est en croissance et Chronos, assumé par le Christ, ne dévore plus ses enfants.
DEC205+ Dendritic Cell–Targeted Tolerogenic Vaccination Promotes Immune Tolerance in Experimental Autoimmune Arthritis
Authors: Spiering Rachel , Margry Bram , Keijzer Chantal , Petzold Cathleen , Hoek Aad , Wagenaar-Hilbers Josée , van der Zee Ruurd , van Eden Willem , Kretschmer Karsten , Broere Femke
Published: April 2015

Previous studies in mouse models of autoimmune diabetes and encephalomyelitis have indicated that the selective delivery of self-antigen to the endocytic receptor DEC205 on steady-state dendritic cells (DCs) may represent a suitable approach to induce Ag-specific immune tolerance. In this study, we aimed to examine whether DEC205+ DC targeting of a single immunodominant peptide derived from human cartilage proteoglycan (PG) can promote immune tolerance in PG-induced arthritis (PGIA). Besides disease induction by immunization with whole PG protein with a high degree of antigenic complexity, PGIA substantially differs from previously studied autoimmune models not only in the target tissue of autoimmune destruction but also in the nature of pathogenic immune effector cells. Our results show that DEC205+ DC targeting of the PG peptide 70–84 is sufficient to efficiently protect against PGIA development. Complementary mechanistic studies support a model in which DEC205+ DC targeting leads to insufficient germinal center B cell support by PG-specific follicular helper T cells. Consequently, impaired germinal center formation results in lower Ab titers, severely compromising the development of PGIA. Overall, this study further corroborates the potential of prospective tolerogenic DEC205+ DC vaccination to interfere with autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Obesity Increases Mortality and Modulates the Lung Metabolome during Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus Infection in Mice
Authors: Milner J. Justin , Rebeles Jenny , Dhungana Suraj , Stewart Delisha A. , Sumner Susan C. J. , Meyers Matthew H. , Mancuso Peter , Beck Melinda A.
Published: April 2015

Obese individuals are at greater risk for hospitalization and death from infection with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (pH1N1). In this study, diet-induced and genetic-induced obese mouse models were used to uncover potential mechanisms by which obesity increases pH1N1 severity. High-fat diet–induced and genetic-induced obese mice exhibited greater pH1N1 mortality, lung inflammatory responses, and excess lung damage despite similar levels of viral burden compared with lean control mice. Furthermore, obese mice had fewer bronchoalveolar macrophages and regulatory T cells during infection. Obesity is inherently a metabolic disease, and metabolic profiling has found widespread usage in metabolic and infectious disease models for identifying biomarkers and enhancing understanding of complex mechanisms of disease. To further characterize the consequences of obesity on pH1N1 infection responses, we performed global liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolic profiling of lung tissue and urine. A number of metabolites were perturbed by obesity both prior to and during infection. Uncovered metabolic signatures were used to identify changes in metabolic pathways that were differentially altered in the lungs of obese mice such as fatty acid, phospholipid, and nucleotide metabolism. Taken together, obesity induces distinct alterations in the lung metabolome, perhaps contributing to aberrant pH1N1 immune responses.
SCARB2/LIMP-2 Regulates IFN Production of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells by Mediating Endosomal Translocation of TLR9 and Nuclear Translocation of IRF7
Authors: Guo Hao , Zhang Jialong , Zhang Xuyuan , Wang Yanbing , Yu Haisheng , Yin Xiangyun , Li Jingyun , Du Peishuang , Plumas Joel , Chaperot Laurence , Chen Jianzhu , Su Lishan , Liu Yongjun , Zhang Liguo
Published: April 2015

Scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (SCARB2) is essential for endosome biogenesis and reorganization and serves as a receptor for both β-glucocerebrosidase and enterovirus 71. However, little is known about its function in innate immune cells. In this study, we show that, among human peripheral blood cells, SCARB2 is most highly expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and its expression is further upregulated by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulation. Knockdown of SCARB2 in pDC cell line GEN2.2 dramatically reduces CpG-induced type I IFN production. Detailed studies reveal that SCARB2 localizes in late endosome/lysosome of pDCs, and knockdown of SCARB2 does not affect CpG oligodeoxynucleotide uptake but results in the retention of TLR9 in the endoplasmic reticulum and an impaired nuclear translocation of IFN regulatory factor 7. The IFN-I production by TLR7 ligand stimulation is also impaired by SCARB2 knockdown. However, SCARB2 is not essential for influenza virus or HSV-induced IFN-I production. These findings suggest that SCARB2 regulates TLR9-dependent IFN-I production of pDCs by mediating endosomal translocation of TLR9 and nuclear translocation of IFN regulatory factor 7.
A Mini Review on Lead (Pb) Toxicity in Plants
Authors: Hadi Fazal , Aziz Tariq
Published: April 2015

Contamination of soil by various heavy metals is increasing day by day by different activities, such as industrialization and urbanization. Lead (Pb) is one of the potential heavy metal that is neither essential element nor has any role in the process of cell metabolism but it is easily absorbed and accumulated in different parts of a plant. The Pb uptake is mainly regulated by PH, particle size, and cation exchange capacity of the soil, root exudation and by different other physical and chemical parameters. The high concentration of Pb can cause a number of toxic symptoms in plants that may be retardation in growth (Stunted growth), negative affect on photosynthesis (chlorosis), blackening of roots and different other symptoms. Lead (Pb) has the ability to inhibit photosynthesis, disturb mineral nutrition and water balance, changes hormonal status and affects membrane structure and permeability. This review describes different morphological, physiological and biochemical effects of Lead (Pb) toxicity in plants.