bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mycorrhizal specialization toward each distinct Oliveonia fungus in two closely related photosynthetic Dactylostalix orchids
Authors: Suetsugu Kenji , Okada Hidehito
Published: November 2024

Although rhizoctonias from Ceratobasidiaceae, Tulasnellaceae and Serendipitaceae are typical orchid mycobionts, orchid mycorrhizal fungi exhibit vast taxonomic and ecological diversity. This diversity stems from the high specificity of orchid mycorrhizal associations and the remarkable diversity of over 28,000 orchid species. The subtribe Calypsoinae is particularly notable for its diverse mycorrhizal partnerships, including rhizoctonias, ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic non‐rhizoctonia fungi. However, the mycobionts within certain Calypsoinae lineages, such as the genus Dactylostalix, remain understudied. This study explores the physiological ecology of two photosynthetic Calypsoinae species, Dactylostalix ringens and Dactylostalix uniflora, to gain insight into potentially novel associations and their ecological implications.

We analysed the mycorrhizal communities of both Dactylostalix species using high‐throughput ITS metabarcoding of root samples collected from multiple locations. Additionally, we measured the natural abundances of 13C and 15N isotopes in the leaves of the two Dactylostalix species and their co‐occurring autotrophic reference plants, as well as in fungal pelotons isolated from D. ringens, to assess the potential for partial mycoheterotrophy.

Our findings revealed that D. ringens and D. uniflora form specialized mycorrhizal associations predominantly with distinct lineages of Oliveonia (Oliveoniaceae, Auriculariales), even in sympatric populations. Stable isotope analysis showed that both Dactylostalix species exhibited conflicting isotopic signals: elevated δ15N values, supporting partial mycoheterotrophy, but lower δ13C values compared to autotrophic plants, suggesting autotrophy. Peloton samples from D. ringens displayed only modest 13C enrichment relative to autotrophic references.

These conflicting isotopic signals make it difficult to precisely determine whether both Dactylostalix species are autotrophic or partially mycoheterotrophic. Intriguingly, the 13C and 15N signatures of Dactylostalix species and their pelotons resemble those of many rhizoctonia‐associated orchids. This isotopic evidence implies a niche overlap with endophytic tendencies between rhizoctonias and Oliveonia, suggesting that potential endophytic traits may have facilitated the recruitment of Oliveonia as novel mycorrhizal partners. Furthermore, the mycorrhizal segregation between D. ringens and D. uniflora likely promotes their sympatric coexistence and may contribute to reproductive isolation through ecological specialization.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Climate‐driven shifts in plant–soil feedback of a perennial grass species
Authors: Florianová Anna , Münzbergová Zuzana
Published: November 2024

Plant–soil feedback (PSF) plays a key role in determining the composition of plant communities, and understanding the impact of the ongoing climate change on PSF is thus crucial for predicting the consequences of climate change for ecosystems.

Here, we conducted a growth‐chamber experiment to examine possible climate‐driven shifts in PSF of a perennial grass, Festuca rubra, originating from two climatically distinct sites, by using all factorial combinations of soil biota origin, plant origin, and cultivation climate.

Soil biota generated more negative PSF effects when grown under the climatic conditions of their origin. This observation suggests that soil biota, especially soil pathogens, are well adapted to their local climate, exhibiting greater efficiency in suppressing plant growth within their climatic conditions.

All plants, regardless of their origin, exhibited less negative PSF (expressed as relative performance in live vs. sterilized soil) when grown under warmer climate than under colder climate, likely due to positive effects of increased activity of soil decomposers and enhanced nutrient cycling.

Plants showed negative PSF when grown with local soil biota under home climate, and the negative PSF disappeared when plants were grown with foreign biota or in away climates. This suggests that any disruption of the established plant‐soil‐climate interactions may lead to the release of plants from negative PSF, potentially destabilizing plant communities.

Synthesis. Our results highlight the adaptions of soil biota to their native climate as key drivers of plant–soil feedback interactions and suggest that climate change could significantly alter these interactions, potentially leading to new plant community dynamics. These findings emphasize the need for further investigations to unravel the mechanisms driving these responses and evaluate their consequences for ecosystem resilience in the face of climate change.
Active cardboard box with palm wood waste powder and orange oil to prevent browning and quality loss in cabbage: Mode of action and potential for reuse
Authors: Matan Nirundorn , Promwee Athakorn , Matan Narumol
Published: November 2024

Browning, caused by enzymatic activity and storage conditions, affects cabbage during cold storage and is crucial for customer acceptance. This study investigated the effect of cardboard packaging containing low concentrations of nano‐orange oil (ONE) at 0.006% in palm wood waste powder for anti‐browning and extending the shelf life of cabbage. The incorporation of ONE into palm wood powder (PWP) using different methods (soaking, vapor, vapor with ultrasonic device, and control) was examined before using the active PWP to develop cardboard cabbage packaging. The reuse of the active cabbage box packaging was also investigated for up to three reuses. The results showed that a greater anti‐browning effect was achieved with cardboard packaging made from active PWP with orange oil vapor and an ultrasonic device compared to other adsorption methods, with significantly higher inhibition of the key browning enzyme activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD). Additionally, antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds were improved, maintaining the bright green color of cabbage after 21 days of storage. The shelf life of cabbage stored in active cardboard was extended to at least 21 days compared to 5 days for the control. The active cabbage box with PWP and ONE vapor with an ultrasonic device showed potential for reuse at least two times. Limonene was found on the surface of stored cabbage and may be a key factor in antimicrobial activity, helping to control microbial growth on the cabbage surface within standard limits during long‐term storage. This finding provides valuable guidance for reducing cabbage waste during transportation and storage from farm to market.

Practical Application

This research offers new insights into active cardboard packaging made from palm wood powder with a low concentration of orange oil vapor to prevent browning and microbial growth in storage boxes. The optimal method for producing this packaging uses nano‐orange oil vapor at 0.006% with an ultrasonic device, which could be feasible for large‐scale production. The packaging effectively reduced PPO and POD enzyme activity, delaying browning and extending cabbage shelf life by at least threefold compared to the control, while maintaining color and freshness. This cost‐effective method promotes the sustainable use of agricultural waste in the fresh vegetable industry, as it can be reused at least twice, benefiting farmers and reducing cabbage waste
Elevated N‐glycosylated cathepsin L impairs oocyte function and contributes to oocyte senescence during reproductive aging
Authors: Zhang Kemei , Xu Rui , Zheng Lu , Zhang Hong , Qian Zhang , Li Chuwei , Xue Mengqi , He Zhaowanyue , Ma Jinzhao , Li Zhou , Chen Li , Ma Rujun , Yao Bing
Published: November 2024

Age‐related declines in oocyte quality and ovarian function are pivotal contributors to female subfertility in clinical settings. Yet, the mechanisms driving ovarian aging and oocyte senescence remain inadequately understood. The present study evaluated the alterations in N‐glycoproteins associated with ovarian aging and noted a pronounced elevation in N221 glycopeptides of cathepsin L (Ctsl) in the ovaries of reproductive‐aged mice (8–9 months and 11–12 months) compared to younger counterparts (6–8 weeks). Subsequent analysis examined the involvement of Ctsl in oocyte aging and demonstrated a significant elevation in Ctsl levels in aged oocytes. Further, it was revealed that the overexpression of Ctsl in young oocytes substantially diminished their quality, while oocytes expressing an N221‐glycosylation mutant of Ctsl did not suffer similar quality degradation. This finding implies that the N221 glycosylation of Ctsl is pivotal in modulating its effect on oocyte health. The introduction of a Ctsl inhibitor into the culture medium restored oocyte quality in aged oocytes by enhancing mitochondrial function, reducing accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS), lowering apoptosis, and recovering lysosome capacity. Furthermore, the targeted downregulation of Ctsl using siRNA microinjection in aged oocytes enhanced fertilization capability and blastocyst formation, affirming the role of Ctsl knockdown in fostering oocyte quality and embryonic developmental potential. In conclusion, these findings underscore the detrimental effects of high expression of N‐glycosylated Ctsl on oocyte quality and its contribution to oocyte senescence, highlighting it as a potential therapeutic target to delay ovarian aging and enhance oocyte viability.
Livelihood diversification and household welfare among farm households in the Philippines
Authors: Pede Valerien Olivier , Mohammed Sadick , Valera Harold Glenn , Ibrahim Mohammed , Antonio Ronald Jeremy
Published: November 2024

Diversification of income sources is one of the most common strategies households employ to minimize household income variability and to ensure a minimum level of income that guarantee their food security. This study examines the impact of livelihood diversification on farm profits among smallholder rice farmers in the Central Luzon Region (CLR) of the Philippines using long‐term farm‐level panel data spanning from 1966 to 2016. We employed a random‐effects ordered probit model to investigate the drivers of livelihood diversification and then used the mixed Markov chain model to analyze the transition of households from less to more diversified livelihoods and its impact on farm profits over time. Our findings reveal substantial diversification among households over time. In particular, the elevation of the farm location is a key driver of rice farm households’ probability to diversify. The estimates show that an increase in the latitude of the farm location increases the probability of rice farmers in the CLR to diversify. We find that 64% of the rice farm households constitute farmers for whom diversification can be a strategy for survival. For medium‐ to high‐profit farm categories, diversification tends to protect farmers against farm profit losses arising from adverse climatic and weather variability.
Faecal biomarkers in children with coeliac disease: A way forward?
Authors: Kivelä Laura , Atneosen‐Åsegg Monica , Iversen Marie Hellan , Kahrs Christian , Størdal Ketil
Published: November 2024

Aim

Novel markers to reflect the intestinal damage in coeliac disease are needed. We studied the potential of faecal and serum neopterin, and faecal myeloperoxidase, human β‐defensin‐2, and lipocalin‐2 in a case–control study.

Methods

Data were collected from medical records and a biobank including newly diagnosed coeliac disease patients, potential coeliac disease patients and non‐coeliac controls. Commercially available ELISA assays were used for measuring the biomarkers.

Results

Altogether 19 patients with coeliac disease (median age 9.0 years), 8 with potential coeliac disease (4.0 years) and 18 controls (6.5 years) were included. The highest faecal neopterin levels were seen in potential coeliac disease, followed by controls and coeliac disease (median 513 vs. 372 vs. 255 nmol/L, respectively, p = 0.016). Also, serum neopterin was highest in the potential coeliac disease group (9.8 vs. 5.5 vs. 5.9 nmol/L, p = 0.022). After age adjustment and robust variance estimation, only differences in serum neopterin remained significant. Other markers did not differ between the groups. None of the markers were significantly associated with serum transglutaminase‐2 antibody levels.

Conclusion

Differences in neopterin levels amongst patients with potential coeliac disease, coeliac disease, and controls suggest that neopterin might serve as an early disease marker.
Biodiversity and cultural diversity are morally valued
Authors: Klebl Christoph , Jetten Jolanda , Bastian Brock , Cunningham Julia Lee
Published: November 2024

Humanity is facing rapid declines in both biodiversity and cultural diversity. As effective conservation policies often require strong public support, it is critical to understand whether individuals view diversity loss through a moral lens and whether they value diversity for its own sake, independent from instrumental or individual‐centric concerns. Across two studies (N = 796), we found that individuals assigned moral value to both biodiversity and cultural diversity. Individuals assigned greater moral value to animals, plants and – to a lesser extent – languages when diversity was threatened, compared to when it was not threatened, despite an equal number of entities at risk, and they were willing to sacrifice a large number of these entities to prevent a loss in diversity. Additionally, we found (N = 12,000) that a general concern for diversity underlies concern for both biodiversity and cultural diversity. These findings suggest that emphasizing the inherent value of diversity may be effective for increasing public support for conservation of diversity.
To heal, grow, and thrive: Engaging Indigenous paradigms and perspectives in developmental science
Authors: Tsethlikai Monica , Cole Ashley , Hoffman Adam J. , Bang Megan , Ng Florrie Fei‐Yin
Published: November 2024

A focus on positive child development among Indigenous children has largely been absent from developmental science. In this special section of Child Development, we sought to address continuing inequity in representation and valuing Indigenous knowledge and voices by soliciting articles that identified cultural and strengths‐based factors Indigenous children, youth, and families cultivate and leverage to promote positive development. In this introduction to the special section, we provide an overview of the four empirical articles included, with attention to the ways these articles advance Indigenous paradigms and methodologies by focusing on the unique histories and strengths of four distinct Indigenous communities. We end with a discussion of how to promote continued growth and inclusiveness in developmental science with Indigenous communities.
GSEditPro: 3D Gaussian Splatting Editing with Attention‐based Progressive Localization
Authors: Sun Y. , Tian R. , Han X. , Liu X. , Zhang Y. , Xu K.
Published: November 2024

With the emergence of large‐scale Text‐to‐Image(T2I) models and implicit 3D representations like Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF), many text‐driven generative editing methods based on NeRF have appeared. However, the implicit encoding of geometric and textural information poses challenges in accurately locating and controlling objects during editing. Recently, significant advancements have been made in the editing methods of 3D Gaussian Splatting, a real‐time rendering technology that relies on explicit representation. However, these methods still suffer from issues including inaccurate localization and limited manipulation over editing. To tackle these challenges, we propose GSEditPro, a novel 3D scene editing framework which allows users to perform various creative and precise editing using text prompts only. Leveraging the explicit nature of the 3D Gaussian distribution, we introduce an attention‐based progressive localization module to add semantic labels to each Gaussian during rendering. This enables precise localization on editing areas by classifying Gaussians based on their relevance to the editing prompts derived from cross‐attention layers of the T2I model. Furthermore, we present an innovative editing optimization method based on 3D Gaussian Splatting, obtaining stable and refined editing results through the guidance of Score Distillation Sampling and pseudo ground truth. We prove the efficacy of our method through extensive experiments.
Ginsenoside Rg1 Regulates the Activation of Astrocytes Through lncRNA‐Malat1/miR‐124‐3p/Lamc1 Axis Driving PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway, Promoting the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Zhu Yin , Zou Wenjun , Sun Baihan , Shen Kelv , Xia Feiyun , Wang Hao , Jiang Fengxian , Lu Zhengfeng
Published: November 2024

Aim

To investigate the regulation of ginsenoside Rg1 on the PI3K/AKT pathway through the lncRNA‐Malat1/miR‐124‐3p/ Laminin gamma1 (Lamc1) axis, activating astrocytes (As) to promote the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods

Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict miRNA targeting Lamc1 and lncRNA targeting miR‐124‐3p, which were then validated through a dual‐luciferase assay. Following transfection, the relationships between Malat1, miR‐124‐3p, and Lamc1 expression levels were assessed by qRT‐PCR and Western blot (WB). Immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were utilized to measure Lamc1 expression, while changes in cavity area were observed through hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining. Basso‐Beattie‐Bresnahan (BBB) scale and footprint analysis were used to evaluate functional recovery. WB was performed to assess the expression of PI3K/AKT pathway‐related protein.

Results

Rg1 was found to upregulate Malat1 expression, which in turn modulated the Malat1/miR‐124‐3p/Lamc1 axis. Furthermore, Rg1 activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, significantly reducing the SCI cavity area and improving hind limb motor function. However, knockout of Malat1 hindered these effects, and inhibition of miR‐124‐3p reversed the silencing effects of Malat1.

Conclusions

Rg1 can induce Malat1 expression to activate the Lamc1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by sponging with miR‐124‐3p, thereby regulating As activity to repair SCI.
Plantar flexor strength and size decrease following single‐leg disuse in uninjured adults: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Preobrazenski Nicholas , Seigel Joel , Janssen Ian , Halliday Sandra , McGlory Chris
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Plantar flexors play a pivotal role in human locomotion and balance. Several original research studies and systematic reviews have characterised the impact of single‐leg disuse on plantar flexor strength and size. However, no meta‐analysis has quantified the effects of single‐leg disuse on changes in plantar flexor strength and size in uninjured adults.

Aim

To quantify changes in plantar flexor strength and size in response to single‐leg disuse.

Methods

Data were extracted from 19 studies captured in our previous systematic review on studies that employed a unilateral lower limb immobilisation model (cast or brace) and were published up to January 30, 2022. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed on original research studies reporting measures of plantar flexor strength (isometric, isokinetic, or repetition maximum) and size (magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography) in uninjured adults.

Results

Single‐leg disuse decreased plantar flexor strength (Hedges gav = −0.71 [95% confidence interval: −0.93, −0.48], p < 0.001, 7−28 days, N = 16 studies, n = 121 participants including ≥13 females, ages 19−29) and plantar flexor size (−0.33 [−0.50, −0.15], p < 0.001, 14−35 days, N = 6, n = 49, 10 females, ages 22−27) across all durations of disuse.

Discussion

Single‐leg disuse decreases plantar flexor strength and size in uninjured adults. This work adds to recent meta‐analytic findings demonstrating the declines in knee extensors strength and size following single‐leg disuse. The paucity of female and participants >30 years old in the single‐leg disuse literature examining plantar flexors represents a priority of future work.
New immersive alcohol marketing and commerce in metaverse environments
Authors: Huckle Taisia , Mummert Kristen , Lyons Antonia , McCreanor Tim , McLellan Georgia , Moewaka Barnes Helen
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The study aims are to: (i) explore methods for identifying alcohol company marketing in metaverses; (ii) identify current types of alcohol marketing in metaverses; and (iii) identify dominant portrayals and meanings of alcohol marketing in these settings.

Methods

Our design was exploratory, employing various approaches to identify alcohol company marketing across multiple metaverses. In stage one, we systematically navigated through metaverses as an avatar, documenting and coding all instances of alcohol company marketing. In stage two, the research team collaboratively explored and discussed excerpts of this marketing. The team thematically analysed the transcribed discussion, identifying key meanings and interpretations of immersive and interactive alcohol marketing.

Results

Stage one: alcohol company marketing was identified in two metaverses, Decentraland and Sandbox. Within those metaverses were five alcohol company marketing experiences: Heineken Silver, Jose Cuervo Tequila, Wisher Vodka, San Matias Tequila, and Mason Martell Cognac. Marketing strategies included immersive commerce, virtual drinking, immersive branding, immersive engagement, gaming, non‐fungible tokens (digital assets), education, non‐player characters promoting brands and virtual event‐based marketing. Stage two: themes identified were: (i) immersive branding, representing continued exposure to brands that were both foregrounded and on the edge of users' awareness; (ii) immersive engagement, including alcohol‐related gaming, quests, and alcohol production; (iii) avatars simulating drinking behaviour (virtual drinking); and (iv) immersive commerce representing how metaverse alcohol marketing may drive alcohol transactions.

Discussion and Conclusion

Alcohol companies are using novel immersive marketing techniques in metaverses. The impact on the experiences and drinking behaviours of users are unknown and require investigation.
Clinical and histopathological features of advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with varying responses to cemiplimab
Authors: Hempel Conrad , Vladimirova Gabriela , Horn Susanne , Horn Lars‐Christian , Ziemer Mirjana
Published: November 2024

Background

Most patients with unresectable locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) benefit from cemiplimab, but some do not respond. Our study aims to identify clinical and histopathological features predicting response to cemiplimab.

Patients and Methods

We analyzed 15 patients treated with cemiplimab, assessing clinical, demographic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical characteristics and correlating them with treatment response. Furthermore, effectiveness and safety were evaluated in our cohort.

Results

Our cohort included 12 males and 3 females, with a mean age of 78.1 years. The majority of tumors, accounting for 66.7%, were located in the head and neck region. Treatment was well‐tolerated, with only one grade 3 colitis. There was no correlation between immune‐related adverse events and treatment response. Non‐responders were younger (69.4 vs. 82.5 years). A history of hematological malignancy correlated with poorer response. High mitotic rate, poor tumor differentiation, high vimentin and p53, and low E‐cadherin expression were associated with worse response. Conversely, higher intratumoral inflammatory infiltrate density, presence of necrotic areas, and lower mismatch repair‐protein staining correlated with better response.

Conclusions

Cemiplimab is a safe and effective therapy, particularly in elderly patients. Well‐differentiated tumors with low proliferative index, intratumoral inflammatory infiltrate, and tumor necrosis may predict better clinical response.
Feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection including papilla (with video)
Authors: Yahagi Naohisa , Takatori Yusaku , Sasaki Motoki , Imura Yuri , Murata Shoma , Sato Tsubasa , Minezaki Daisuke , Hayakawa Takaoki , Nakajima Yuki , Okada Haruka , Sakurai Hinako , Tojo Anna , Iwata Kentaro , Miyazaki Kurato , Kayashima Atsuto , Masunaga Teppei , Mizutani Mari , Akimoto Teppei , Seino Takashi , Kawasaki Shintaro , Horibe Masayasu , Fukuhara Seichiro , Matsuura Noriko , Sujino Tomohisa , Nakayama Atsushi , Takabayashi Kaoru , Iwasaki Eisuke , Kato Motohiko
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Endoscopic papillectomy (EP) is a low‐invasive treatment for duodenal tumors including papilla. The limit of lesion size and local recurrence have been issues in EP. We developed endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the duodenal tumors including papilla (ESDIP: ESD including papilla) to overcome the problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of ESDIP.

Methods

We included the patients who underwent ESDIP from August 2010 to January 2024 in this study. We evaluated the retrospective characteristics of patients and lesions, clinical results of ESDIP and of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as prevention for delayed adverse events, and pathological findings. We also calculated the cumulative recurrence rate and overall survival rate at 12 months after ESDIP.

Results

Fifty‐four patients were included in this study. The mean lesion size was 39 mm. The third‐quarter cases revealed a less than half‐circumferential lesion, and the one case with a full‐circumferential lesion. Resection was accomplished in 96% (n = 52), and also the en‐bloc resection rate was 96%. Of the cases in accomplished resection, 98% of patients were intubated with a pancreaticobiliary drainage tube by ERCP. Intraprocedural perforation occurred in eight cases. Delayed bleeding occurred in 10 cases. Delayed perforation was seen only in one case. The incidence of post‐ERCP pancreatitis was 25%. Cumulative local recurrence rate and the overall survival rate were 15% and 96%, respectively.

Conclusion

ESDIP may be feasible for duodenal tumors including papilla, and is a potential alternative option to avoid pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Digital inclusive finance and digital transformation of Chinese enterprises: Perspectives on company technology intensity and financialization
Authors: Xu Qian , Cao Qun , Wang Liyan
Published: November 2024

This study explores the role of digital inclusive finance in company digital transformation within China, particularly examining the variances among companies with differing levels of technological intensity and financialization. Using A‐share Chinese data from 2011 to 2022, we find that regions with superior digital inclusive finance exhibit enhanced corporate digital transformation, regardless of the provincial or municipal level. Subindexes, including the coverage breadth, use depth, and degree of digital inclusive finance, confirm that they are all significantly positively related to digital transformation. These effects are more pronounced in companies with lower technological intensity, and corporate financialization serves as a mediating factor.
Immunophenotyping for the Assessment of Asymptomatic Lymphocytosis: A Retrospective Analysis and National Survey
Authors: Freeman Tanya , Johnstone Peter , Hibbs Stephen P. , Assefa Esubalew , Araf Shamzah , Farren Timothy , Butler Tom
Published: November 2024

Asymptomatic lymphocytosis poses a common challenge in haematology. Immunophenotyping can establish whether a clonal population is present, but it is expensive and the benefit of diagnosing asymptomatic patients is unproven. This study aimed to establish data to guide the use of immunophenotyping. We analysed the proportion of lymphocytosis in full blood count (FBC) samples across a five‐year period within a large UK National Health Service (NHS) trust. Persistent lymphocytosis was present in 0.18% (437/242678) of repeat community samples. Of samples sent for immunophenotyping, 743/784 (95%) with a lymphocyte count > 10 × 109/L had a clonal population, compared to 223/1696 (14%) with a lymphocyte count < 5 × 109/L. We followed up a longitudinal cohort of asymptomatic patients with clonal lymphocytosis to determine how many required treatment. The minority (11/46) of patients needed treatment within 9 years of follow‐up. Of patients needing treatment, 10/11 (91%) had a presenting lymphocyte count > 10 × 109/L. In all cases, treatment was initiated when the patient became symptomatic. We propose a lymphocyte count threshold of > 10 × 109/L for referral and immunophenotyping in patients with asymptomatic lymphocytosis. This approach aims to balance safety and cost‐effectiveness and reflects uncertainty in the value of diagnosis for asymptomatic patients.
Tracking myasthenia gravis severity over time: Insights from the French health insurance claims database
Authors: Attarian Shahram , Camdessanché Jean‐Philippe , Echaniz‐Laguna Andoni , Ciumas Mariana , Blein Cécile , Grenier Benjamin , Solé Guilhem
Published: November 2024

Background and purpose

Few data are available on the course of myasthenia gravis (MG) regarding disease severity and stability over time in real‐world settings. This study used the French National Health Insurance Database (SNDS) to assess markers of disease severity in patients with MG longitudinally.

Methods

All patients with MG‐related claims in the SNDS between 2013 and 2020 were identified. Patients were followed for up to 8 years after the first claim. Intensive care unit (ICU) stays, treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasma exchange (PE), and death were documented throughout the follow‐up period. Standardized mortality rates were estimated, and mortality‐related variables were identified using a Cox model.

Results

In all, 14,459 individuals constituted the full study population, including 6354 incident patients. In the incident population, 2199 (34.6%) were admitted to ICUs at least once, principally during the first year after the index date (N = 1477; 23.3%). This proportion decreased progressively to reach 3.0% in the seventh year. A total of 2817 patients received IVIg and 432 PE, again principally in the first year. In the full study population, the standardized mortality rate was 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.13), being lower in men (0.95, 95% CI 0.89–1.02) than in women (1.15, 95% CI 1.07–1.23) and in patients aged >65 years (1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.11) than in younger patients (1.50, 95% CI 1.24–1.76). Male gender, older age and higher comorbidity were independently associated with mortality.

Conclusions

A subgroup of patients with MG require ICU admission and rescue therapy with IVIg or PE, indicative of poor disease control. New therapies are needed to improve disease control and reduce disease burden.
Parental involvement in Mexican‐origin adolescents' romantic relationships: An examination of parents' cultural orientations and parent‐youth relationships
Authors: Duran Julissa G. , Updegraff Kimberly A. , Perez‐Brena Norma J. , Umaña‐Taylor Adriana J.
Published: November 2024

Romantic relationships are normative in adolescence, and parents can play a role in supporting or restricting adolescents' romantic experiences. This study examined parents' involvement in adolescents' romantic relationships in a sample of 226 Mexican‐origin families. Findings indicated that, on average, mothers were more supportive of adolescents' romantic relationships than fathers, and parents were more supportive of daughters than of sons. Fathers' (but not mothers') Mexican cultural orientations were associated with greater restrictions on adolescents' romantic relationships. For mothers of boys, higher levels of familism values were linked to lower levels of support, and for fathers of boys, more traditional gender role attitudes were associated with less support. Also, more parent–youth conflict was associated with greater support from mothers but greater restrictions from both mothers and fathers. Finally, less granted autonomy in early adolescence was associated with greater parental restrictions. Discussion focuses on the nature of mothers' and fathers' involvement in adolescents' romantic relationships. Implications for research and practice highlight the importance of recognizing cultural and relational factors that shape mothers' and fathers' parenting around adolescent dating.
Peatland Fungal Community Responses to Nutrient Enrichment: A Story Beyond Nitrogen
Authors: Wang Meng , Lamit Louis J. , Lilleskov Erik A. , Basiliko Nathan , Moore Tim R. , Bubier Jill L. , Guo Galen , Juutinen Sari , Larmola Tuula
Published: November 2024

Anthropogenically elevated inputs of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) can affect the carbon (C) budget of nutrient‐poor peatlands. Fungi are intimately tied to peatland C budgets due to their roles in organic matter decomposition and symbioses with primary producers; however, the influence of fertilization on peatland fungal composition and diversity remains unclear. Here, we examined the effect of fertilization over 10 years on fungal diversity, composition, and functional guilds along an acrotelm (10–20 cm), mesotelm (30–40 cm), and catotelm (60–70 cm) depth gradient at the Mer Bleue bog, Canada. Simultaneous N and PK additions decreased the relative abundance of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and increased ectomycorrhizal fungi and lignocellulose‐degrading fungi. Fertilization effects were not more pronounced in the acrotelm relative to the catotelm, nor was there a shift toward nitrophilic taxa after N addition. The direct effect of fertilization significantly decreased the abundance of Sphagnum‐associated fungi, primarily owing to the overarching role of limiting nutrients rather than a decline in Sphagnum cover. Increased nutrient loading may threaten peatland C stocks if lignocellulose‐degrading fungi become abundant and accelerate decomposition of recalcitrant organic matter. Additionally, future changes in plant communities, strong water table fluctuations, and peat subsidence after long‐term nutrient loading may also influence fungal functional guilds and depth‐dependencies of fungal community structure.
Re‐Equilibrating Sex Ratios: Adjustment of Reaction Norms in Species With Temperature‐Dependent Sex Determination
Authors: Santidrián Tomillo Pilar
Published: November 2024

Fisher's general principle for sex allocation holds that population sex ratios are typically balanced because parents producing the rare sex are benefited and the rare sex alternates over time. In species that have temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD), thermal reaction norms need to be adjusted at the population level to avoid extremely biased sex ratios and extinction. Extant species with TSD experienced drastic climatic changes in the geological past and must necessarily have mechanisms of adaptation. I propose here a conceptual framework to explain how TSD curves could be adjusted by means of natural selection, based on Fisher's equilibrium sex‐ratio principle. Through a process that alternatively favors mothers that tend to produce the rare sex under new temperatures, sex ratios eventually return toward a theoretical equilibrium. Prerequisites for this model are variability among mothers in the tendency to produce a particular sex at a given temperature (i.e., variability in the thermal reaction norm), inheritance of this trend, and higher fitness of the rare sex. This straightforward mechanism could facilitate thermal adaptation in species with TSD over multiple generations.
Potentials for Reducing Spatial Inequalities in Innovation: A Spatial Econometric Perspective
Authors: Bürscher Theresa , Scherngell Thomas
Published: November 2024

This study explains disparities in regional innovation through specific features of regional knowledge bases, including recently discussed concepts such as, technological relatedness, knowledge complexity, and technological complementarity among neighboring regions and regions connected in R&D networks. We employ a spatial autoregressive panel model for 405 European regions to estimate the effects of these characteristics. While being connected to complementary regions and having a high region‐internal technological relatedness are conducive to regional innovation, knowledge complexity has no positive effect interestingly. In illustrative convergence scenarios, we demonstrate the potential of increasing relatedness and complementarity to reduce inequalities in Europe, pointing to important policy implications.
Accuracy of 3‐dimensional surgical guide for endodontic microsurgery with a new design concept: A cadaver study
Authors: Ha Se‐Won , Choi Stephanie M. , Kim Sunil , Song Minju , Hu Kyung‐Seok , Kim Euiseong
Published: November 2024

Aim

Despite the high success rate of endodontic microsurgery (EMS), it is difficult to suggest EMS as a general treatment option considering the difficulty of the procedure. A surgical guide has been proposed to overcome this problem. This study aimed to evaluate the stability of the surgical guide of a new design concept, as well as the accuracy of root resection, and to introduce the manufacturing method of the newly designed surgical guide.

Methodology

The experiment was conducted on 59 roots (9 in the maxillary and 50 in the mandibular region) of adult human cadavers. The surgical guide was designed using CAD/CAM design software based on cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and optical scan files. Unlike conventional surgical guides, the surgical guide proposed herein was designed to act as a tooth‐bone‐supported removable appliance. Two different types of guides were prepared: the osteotomy guide (O guide) for separation of the cortical bone above the root tip with a trephine bur with an outer diameter of 6 mm and the root resection guide (R guide) for resection of the root tip with a trephine bur with an outer diameter of 4 mm. For stability evaluation, the guides were pressed at five predetermined locations after installation and checked for the presence of any movement. For accuracy evaluation, the length at which the root tip was cut was measured and examined by overlapping the preoperative and postoperative CBCT images.

Results

Of the 15 R guides, 14 were stably installed without mobility. For the R guide group, the root tip was resected with an average of 3.2 mm, showing better results than the no‐guide group with an average of 4.0 mm.

Conclusions

The newly designed surgical guide of this study can be applied more stably, enabling root resection to be performed more accurately and simply according to the preoperative plan than when performed without a guide.
Prognosis of chronic spontaneous urticaria with an inadequate response to omalizumab
Authors: Watanabe Haruka , Takahagi Shunsuke , Hayama Koremasa , Fukunaga Atsushi , Nakagawa Yukinobu , Inomata Naoko , Chinuki Yuko , Hide Michihiro
Published: November 2024

Background

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) exhibits notable responsiveness to omalizumab (OMA). The prognosis and subsequent therapeutic strategies warrant comprehensive exploration in cases exhibiting inadequate responses to OMA.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis to investigate the 12‐month prognosis of patients inadequately responding to three injections of OMA. The endpoints encompassed identifying predictive factors for a favorable prognosis and assessing interventions related to an ameliorated prognostic outlook.

Results

The study involved 48 patients who met the inclusion criteria. After three OMA administrations, therapeutic interventions included the continuation of OMA in 34 patients, systemic corticosteroids in seven patients, and immunosuppressants in 12 patients. After 12 months, 28 of the 48 patients exhibited a good prognosis, whereas the remaining 20 displayed a less favorable prognosis. Good prognostic determinants encompassed the duration of CSU within 51 weeks, the presence of angioedema, IgE levels ≤100 IU/mL pre‐OMA, blood eosinophil counts ≥100/mm3 post‐OMA, and urticaria control test (UCT) scores ≥5 pre‐OMA and ≥6 post‐OMA. Following the third OMA injection, the implementation of immunosuppressants presented an association with a good prognosis, while the employment of systemic corticosteroids correlated with an unfavorable prognosis.

Conclusions

More than half of patients inadequately responding to OMA achieved a good prognosis 12 months later. Several clinical variables appear to be predictive of prognosis, and certain therapeutic agents can be associated with prognostic outcomes.
Beyond change: Personality‐environment alignment at work
Authors: Ones Deniz S. , Stanek Kevin C. , Dilchert Stephan
Published: November 2024

We critically evaluate Dupré and Wille's (2024) proposal for using assessments for organizational personality development through the lens of empirical evidence on adult personality change. We present an overview of research on personality stability and malleability throughout adulthood examining rank‐order stability, mean‐level changes, and the impact of life events and interventions. Empirical evidence reveals that while personality exhibits some plasticity in young adulthood, significant changes become increasingly rare beyond age 30. For older employees, personality remains highly stable, making age an important consideration in workforce development. Life experiences and intentional interventions have been shown to prompt modest personality changes, with emotional stability being the most malleable trait. We quantify these changes, noting shifts of up to two‐thirds of a standard deviation in emotional stability through targeted interventions, with more limited effects on other Big Five traits. We also provide insights for organizational assessment practices, including the need for tailored personality (re‐)assessment intervals and age‐based norm composition for better utilization of personality information. With Cybernetic Trait Complexes Theory, we introduce a framework for aligning personality traits with situational cues in work environments. This approach emphasizes trait activation rather than personality modification, allowing organizations to harness employees' strengths by strategically designing environments that naturally encourage beneficial trait expression. This shifts the focus from personality change to strategic activation of beneficial traits through environmental design. We describe how organizations can leverage employees' existing personality trait complexes while fostering incremental behavioral adaptations, offering a pragmatic alternative to traditional employee development approaches. By aligning individuals with environments that activate their traits, organizations can enhance both personal and organizational outcomes, contributing to broader societal benefits as well.
The power of networking in science and academia
Authors: Borger Jessica G
Published: November 2024

In science and academia, success is often shaped by both knowledge and networking. Reflecting on nearly two decades in academic research, I recount my experience as a postdoctoral immunologist returning to Australia with limited local connections and support. Upon re‐establishing myself in Australia, I initially faced barriers that restricted my visibility and collaborations. A turning point came when personal challenges motivated me to actively network, leading to valuable collaborations and career opportunities. By initiating conversations with academic leaders and peers, I expanded my network and established numerous leadership roles, even as a “junior” postdoc through founding a symposium, engaging with an immunology society, volunteering on various academic and advocacy committees, contributing to public outreach and nationally advocating for gender equity in science. These experiences reinforced that networking is about fostering meaningful relationships and creating opportunities to grow professionally. I provide advice on how to increase your networks by volunteering at work, when attending conferences, through contributing to societies and building a social media presence. My journey highlights the importance of being proactive in building networks, which can open doors, amplify one's voice, and drive career advancement in science and academia.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: a retrospective pathway assessment in a regional cancer centre
Authors: Fitzpatrick Lachlan , Ho Hui Jan , Sabesan Sabe , Ariyarathna Dinuka , Ryan Corinne , Otty Zulfiquer , Bain Nathan , Tan Joanne , Brown Amy , Joshi Abhishek , Pathmanathan Shivanshan
Published: November 2024

Background

The optimal care pathway (OCP) for people with breast cancer provides a framework for investigation and management of patients with breast cancer, with delays previously identified regionally.

Aim

With emphasis on the neoadjuvant pathway, the primary aim of this study was to assess the practicality of implementing the breast cancer OCP timeframes regionally in comparison to nationally referenced standards.

Methods

A retrospective institutional audit was performed for patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer. The time from referral to specialist review, completion of investigations, discussion at multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings, initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and surgery were calculated and compared to OCP.

Results

Fifty‐three patients were included, with 19 patients living rurally (36%). Twenty‐four patients (45%) were seen by a specialist surgeon within 2 weeks of referral. Following surgical review, 44 patients (83%) completed investigations within 2 weeks, and 43 patient cases (81%) were discussed at MDT meetings within 2 weeks. Forty‐eight patients (91%) were commenced on neoadjuvant treatment within 4 weeks of decision to treat, and 43 patients (81%) underwent surgery within 6 weeks of neoadjuvant treatment completion. Delays from initial referral to NACT were more frequent in rural patients compared to urban (79% vs 94%, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Adherence to OCP timeframes for patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy in a regional centre was feasible and strategies are needed to bridge gaps identified for rural patients.
Augmented Reality Adoption: Exploring Security Concerns and Consumer Resourcefulness in the Era of Society 5.0
Authors: Mahajan Advitya Indu , Taggar Rashi
Published: November 2024

Society 5.0, building its foundation on industry 4.0, defines the concept of super smart cities as places where humans can adapt novel technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR) in their daily lives. AR offers consumers an immersive, hybrid experience that blurs the line between the real and virtual worlds, prompting this research to explore factors influencing its adoption. Using a quantitative approach, the study analyzed survey data from 457 respondents through the PLS‐SEM‐ANN approach, applying a modified version of the UTAUT model. This research introduces a novel perspective by integrating previously unexplored factors, like security concerns and technostress, into the UTAUT model. Results indicate that personal innovativeness towards information technology and security concerns significantly drive AR adoption, while technostress and social influence are non‐significant. A possible explanation for the insignificance of these factors lies in the present generation's ability to rapidly adapt to new technologies and make autonomous decisions, reducing reliance on peer influence. These findings emphasize the role of consumer resourcefulness in closing the intention‐usage gap. Understanding these underlying factors and consumer behavior dynamics enables e‐commerce platforms to tailor engagement strategies, facilitating more effective AR adoption within the Society 5.0 framework.