bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Signification du verbe κατέρχομαι dans la doctrine sur Marc le Mage (Adv. Haer. 1, 13, 3, linn. 56-58)
Authors: Gbegnon Agapit ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2019

The verbal form κατέλθῇ, which appears in the passage of Adv. Haer. 1, 13, 3, linn. 56-58, in which Irenaeus presents the Marcosian doctrine, is usually translated as to descend, following the old Latin version (cf. descendat). However, in another place in the work of Irenaeus himself, this verb receives other translations. This note shows how it may be much better to translate the verb κατέρχομαι in AH 1, 13, 3, linn. 56-58 by devenire, redere.
Die Brüsseler Handschrift 8232-33
Authors: Paschke Boris ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2019

The seventeenth-century Brussels manuscript 8232-33 is an extant Greek witness for the Metastasis of the apostle John. The seminal text edition of the apocryphal Acts of John by Eric Junod and Jean-Daniel Kaestli provides neither a siglum for, nor a comprehensive codicological description of, nor catalogue references concerning this manuscript. The present annotation makes this information available and analyzes the manuscript of the Metastasis with regard to its model, copyist, and time of origin.
Demonologia in area aquileiese
Authors: Peressotti Giuseppe ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2019

The present work focuses on some particular demonological texts attributed to Fortunatianus (mid-IV century) and Chromatius (between the IV and the V century), both bishops of Aquileia. It also includes Victorinus, bishop of Poetovium (in present-day Slovenia, second half of the III century), who shared the same geographical-cultural milieu of the Aquilean bishops. We have considered primarily their biblical commentaries and, in the case of Chromatius, also his liturgical sermons. In these texts, the devil is characterized by a broad range of expressions in relation to his spiritual struggle against humanity, a struggle already won by Jesus and now entrusted to Christians. The three bishops highlight both the devil’s ability to deceive the sons of God, leading them to idolatry and heresy, and also the victory over him achieved by means of evangelical preaching.
Nell’attesa del Giorno. Il contesto storico-culturale del Carmen de resurrectione
Authors: De Gaetano Miryam ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to determine the historical and cultural context of the pseudoepigraphic Carmen de resurrectione. The Carmen treats poetically many subjects of Christian eschatology: the second coming of Christ, the final judgement, heaven and hell, the universal conflagration. The author believes that the end time is imminent. This perception is common to all the Christians who experienced tribulations: persecutions, natural calamities, barbarian invasions. These painful events urged the Christians to undertake a path of true conversion, in the religious and moral sense. Unlike other poets (Commodianus, Verecundus), the Anonymous author emphasises the virtuous value of the hope of divine reward rather than the fear of divine punishment. The same perspective can be found in the poets and in the monks of early fifth-century Gaul, who suffered the barbarian invasion of 406.
Much Ado about Nothing
Authors: Gatti Pierluigi Leone ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2019

In recent years, the veracity of the tradition of the martyrdom of the apostles Peter and Paul has been disputed; recently, Brent Donald Shaw denied the historicity of the persecution of Christians. In this article, the author analyzes the texts of Tacitus and Suetonius as well as other texts omitted by Shaw and demonstrates the inconsistency of the hypotheses put forward by negationist scholars (Zwierlein; Shaw) from a theoretical and historical point of view.
Lição: Algumas reflexões sobre agenciamento e atividade fora do sistema comercial.
Authors: Fletcher Harrell
Published: October 2019

Harrell Fletcher received his BFA from the San Francisco Art Institute and his MFA from California College of the Arts. He studied organic farming at UCSC and went on to work on a variety of small Community Supported Agriculture farms, which impacted his work as an artist. Fletcher has produced a variety of socially engaged collaborative and interdisciplinary projects since the early 1990’s. His work has been shown at SFMOMA, the de Young Museum, the Berkeley Art Museum, the Wattis Institute, and Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in the San Francisco Bay Area, The Drawing Center, Socrates Sculpture Park, The Sculpture Center, The Wrong Gallery, Apex Art, and Smackmellon in NYC, DiverseWorks and Aurora Picture show in Houston, TX, PICA in Portland, OR, CoCA and The Seattle Art Museum in Seattle, WA, Signal in Malmo, Sweden, Domain de Kerguehennec in France, The Tate Modern in London, and the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne, Australia. He was a participant in the 2004 Whitney Biennial. Fletcher has work in the collections of MoMA, The Whitney Museum, The New Museum, SFMOMA, The Hammer Museum, The Berkeley Art Museum, The De Young Museum, and The FRAC Brittany, France. From 2002 to 2009 Fletcher co-produced Learning To Love You More, a participatory website with Miranda July. Fletcher is the 2005 recipient of the Alpert Award in Visual Arts. His exhibition The American War originated in 2005 at ArtPace in San Antonio, TX, and traveled to Solvent Space in Richmond, VA, White Columns in NYC, The Center For Advanced Visual Studies MIT in Boston, MA, PICA in Portland, OR, and LAXART in Los Angeles among other locations. Fletcher is an Associate Professor of Art and Social Practice at Portland State University in Portland, Oregon. Fonte: http://www.harrellfletcher.com/?page_id=37
Pintura: esta jovem bisavó de Java
Authors:   UDESC, Benetti Alphonsus
Published: October 2019

Artigo do Professor e Pintor Alphonsus Benetti
Nujna medicinska stanja v zobozdravstvenih ambulantah
Authors: Šink Žiga , Umek Nejc , Šoštarič Maja
Published: October 2019

Med urgentna stanja, ki zahtevajo takojšnje ukrepanje, sodijo tudi nujna medicinska stanja. Novejše raziskave kažejo, da se vsak zobozdravnik v svoji ambulanti povprečno sreča z 2–3 nujnimi stanji letno, najpogosteje z vazovagalno sinkopo, hipoglikemijo, hipertenzivno krizo in nenadnim poslabšanjem astme, precej redkeje pa z anafilaksijo, nenadno srčno smrtjo in možgansko kapjo. Posamezen zobozdravnik se z omenjenimi stanji ne srečuje vsakodnevno, zato so redna izobraževanja za ohranjanje znanja in veščin za njihovo ustrezno obravnavo izredno pomembna. V Sloveniji so zobozdravstvene ambulante nezadostno opremljene s pripomočki za uporabo pri nujnih stanjih, kar je verjetno posledica tako slabe ozaveščenosti o njihovi pogostosti kot tudi pomanjkanja jasnih smernic o obveznih pripomočkih in zdravilih za njihovo obvladovanje. Po priporočilih iz Velike Britanije bi moral biti v vsaki zobozdravstveni ambulanti pripravljen ustrezen protokol, ki bi mu v primeru nujnega stanja sledili vsi člani tima, ter dostopna ustrezna oprema za obvladovanje vseh življenje ogrožajočih stanj.
Sodobni pristop k intenzivnemu zdravljenju bolnikov s hudim akutnim pankreatitisom
Authors: Mirkovič Tomislav
Published: October 2019

Hud akutni pankreatitis (HAP) je akutna vnetna bolezen trebušne slinavke, ki je še vedno povezana z visoko obolevnostjo in smrtnostjo. Glavna značilnost bolezni je hud sistemski vnetni odgovor organizma, ki velikokrat vodi v odpoved več organskih sistemov. Za oceno optimalnega načina zdravljenja je potreben individualni pristop, ki temelji na pozornem spremljanju kliničnih znakov, intenzivnem monitoriranju ter krvnih in slikovnih preiskavah. Infekcijski zapleti dodatno otežijo potek bolezni in pomembno vplivajo na večjo smrtnost pri bolnikih, ki so preživeli prvo vnetno fazo bolezni. Diagnosticiranje okužene nekroze trebušne slinavke je pogosto težavna naloga. Edina jasna indikacija za protimikrobno zdravljenje HAP je dokazana okužena nekroza trebušne slinavke. Če stanje bolnika omogoča, se ta hrani enteralno, v nasprotnem primeru pa parenteralno oziroma kombinirano. Sodobno kirurško zdravljenje HAP temelji na odloženih kirurških posegih, ki naj vključujejo različne minimalno invazivne tehnike. Intenzivno zdravljenje bolnikov s HAP obsega podporno zdravljenje ter preprečevanje zapletov.
Otočni reženj supraklavikularne arterije – dodatna možnost za rekonstrukcijo vrzeli na glavi in vratu
Authors: Šifrer Robert , Fošnarič Iztok , Paučič Jošt , Aničin Aleksandar
Published: October 2019

Obstaja veliko možnosti za kritje vrzeli po onkološki kirurgiji na glavi in vratu. Najpogosteje se uporablja prosti fasciokutani radialni reženj, prosti anterolateralni stegenski reženj in vezani mišičnokožni reženj, t. i. pectoralis maior.Fasciokutani otočni reženj supraklavikularne arterije (SCAIF) je vsestranski reženj s področja nad ključnico in ramena. Baziran je na supraklavikularni arteriji, katere odcepišče od žile arteria transversa colli se nahaja v trikotniku na vratu, ki ga omejuje posteriorni rob sternokleidomastoidne mišice s ključnico in z žilo, poimenovano vena iugularis externa. Dolžina 26 cm, širina 6–7 cm in lok obrata omogočajo kritje kožnih vrzeli lateralno na vratu in na parotidnem področju ter v izjemnih primerih kritje temporalnih vrzeli. Na drugi strani je SCAIF uporaben za rekonstrukcijo vrzeli na sluznici ustne votline, žrela, požiralnika in za kritje fistul po operaciji.Opisujemo primer uporabe SCAIF pri bolnici z lokalno napredovalim karcinomom zunanjega sluhovoda in pri bolniku z obsežno metastazo v obušesni slinavki.Dvig SCAIF je kirurško nezahteven in hiter. SCAIF je zanesljiv, varen, ima malo zapletov in dobre funkcionalne in estetske rezultate, zato je široko uporaben za rekonstrukcijo različnih mehkotkivnih vrzeli na glavi in vratu.
Resettling Refugees through Community Sponsorship: A Revolutionary Operational Approach Built on Traditional Legal Infrastructure
Authors: Bond Jennifer , Kwadrans Ania
Published: October 2019

More than a dozen states are exploring the potential of introducing community sponsorship programs as a way of contributing to the global refugee protection regime. This article provides a comparative analysis of the legal and administrative frameworks that have underpinned the introduction of community sponsorship in four diverse countries: Canada, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Argentina. We also briefly examine the introduction of co-sponsorship in the United States, a country without any formal national program. We conclude that while community sponsorship programs have the potential to revolutionize refugee resettlement, their operationalization is not contingent on revolutionary legal infrastructure.
ORGANIC SUGARCANE CULTIVATION IN TAHITI
Authors: VITRAC Marotea , TEAI Taivini , GOEBEL François-Régis , SHILITOUZI Ines
Published: October 2019

Organic sugarcane has a strong economic potential in Tahiti. However, there is nomodel for small-scale organic cultivation, and the rules enforced by the applicablestandards don’t always respect the agroecological principles. To determine whethera small organic sugarcane farming system is profitable or not, especially in termsof productivity, control of bioagressors (weeds, rats and pests) and human resourcecosts, a 1ha field of sugarcane was planted in 2015, with nine different varieties, ina machineable context under European organic standards. After two years, thecultivars used showed yields from 40 up to 100 tons/ha of cane. Regarding thecontrol of bioagressors results were the following: 1) manual removing of weedsrequired 4 to 6 months after planting or after the first ratoon; 2) study of rat attacksduring the maturation period showed that in a dirty field, for early varieties (18°Brix at ten months of cultivation), the cane stalks can be entirely damaged, andthese attacks can even occur on canes with sugar content lower than 10%. Finally,the hand labor hoeing represented around 75% of the production costs. This resultdemonstrates that such organic cultivation is possible even when facing pest andweed problems. In further investigations, to improve hand labor efficiency, we willfirst focus on weed control using small mechanized treatments; secondly, we willaim at reducing rat infestations by the use of some unique early maturated varietiesto attract and treat them locally.
THE EFFECT OF COMPACTION ON WATER RETENTION IN THE VINEYARD’S ROOT ZONE
Authors: KOZAITI Markela , KOSTOPOULOU Sofia
Published: October 2019

In vineyards, frequent machinery traffic between the vine rows results in spatialand temporal changes in soil structure that affect the water retention properties inthe root zone. Compaction effects on the soil water characteristic curve in the rootzone were evaluated in three vineyards of different soil types (a Cl, a ClL, and aSiL with increased sand percentage). Soil cores were collected from a) the tilledsoil on the vine-row and b) the compacted soil of ruts produced by machinerytraffic within the inter-row distance. Sampling was carried out at two depths (0-15cm and 15-30cm) and at two time intervals, the first in spring when agriculturalvehicles had accomplished 6-8 passes and the second in autumn, after ca 20 passes.The results of the first sampling in the beginning of the cultivation period revealedthat compaction increased soil bulk density of the three vineyards in both depths.Drainage pores collapsed to smaller ones while plant available water and texturalporosity increased. The effect of compaction was more pronounced on the surface(0-15 cm) of the more fine textured soils. In autumn, at the end of the cultivationperiod, it was found that the soil water retention characteristics in the vineyardsroot zone were not substantially further affected by machinery traffic. Weconcluded that machinery traffic impact on the studied properties was intense inspring when the soil in vineyards was loose from tillage before the cultivationperiod and had temporally increased moisture content which results in decreasedstrength.
DECOMPRESSION VERSUS COMPRESSION FOUAR ANTELIAS: A GUSHING WATER RIVER
Authors: HOURANI Anna , GALEV Emil , CHAHINE Marlene
Published: October 2019

The adopted theme in this study is the re-conquest of the Fouar Antelias riverscape, the river with gushing water. After exploiting its resources in an irreversibleway, today humans are facing a stage of reconciliation with the river. The materialsand methods used to understand the site Fouar Antelias were firstly a speleologicalanalysis of its springs. Then, the numeric study of the historical evolution of thebank interventions and elements using arcGIS showed the landscape lost spirit ofplace. Taking pictures from the same place during a year, after monthly visits,revealed the river scape dynamic temporalities. And the Cultural Value Methodand Knowledge Attitude Practice method determined the social perception of theriver. For the results, the suggested project on the river borders was based on thegushing water, its unique element. The adopted concept was provoking theDecompressions vs. Compressions explained in the speleological analysis.Deconstruction by means of Land as Art, referring to the breaking of the earth bythe water Decompressions and Compressions, is the project architecturalmovement. The obtained plan is divided into four thematic zones from downstreamtill upstream. The sloped passages, the furniture emerging from the ground, thechoice of plantations falling and rising and the presence of water strengthened thechosen concept. Zones of meetings, kiosks, playing area and finally a festivity zonewill lead to the purpose of our linear promenade: the gushing water. Details,sections, perspectives and sketches specific to each zone supported theschematization of the concept.
ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND FORMULATION OF ANTAGONISTIC BACTERIA AGAINST FUNGAL PLANT PATHOGENS
Authors: ATANASOVA-PANCEVSKA Natalija , KUNGULOVSKI Dzoko
Published: October 2019

Concerns regarding food safety and the environment have led to reduced use ofagrochemicals and the development of sustainable agriculture. In this context,biological control of fungal plant pathogens can improve global food availability,one of the three pillars of food security, by reducing crop losses, particularly forlow-income farmers. Antagonistic bacteria are common soil inhabitants withpotential to be developed into biofungicides for the management of fungal plantpathogens. In this study, antagonistic bacterium was isolated from the commercialcompost from a Resen factory for compost and screened for its growth inhibition offungal pathogens in laboratory tests. The zone of inhibition (mm) was recorded bymeasuring the distance between the edges of the growing mycelium and theantagonistic bacterium. Five replications were maintained for each isolate. Basedon phenotypic characteristics, biochemical tests, and sequence analysis of 16SrRNA, the antagonistic bacterium was identified as Paenibacillus alvei (strain DZ-3). The bacterium suppressed the growth of all five tested fungal plant pathogens(Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinereaand Plasmopara viticola) in in vitro conditions over. The survival of antagonisticbacterium in peat and talc formulations decreased time at room temperature, butthe populations remained above 108 CFU/g during the 180-day storage period. Thisstudy suggests that this bacterium can be developed and formulated asbiofungicides for minimizing the crop losses caused by fungal plant pathogens anddiseases caused by them.
TRACE ELEMENTS DISTRIBUTION IN HEIRLOOM PADDY PANDASAN CULTIVATED UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS OF DRY AND WET SOIL
Authors: MOHD HAMDAN Diana Demiyah , ROSLAN Nurain Nabihah , MOHD AZMAN Amirah Syuhada , MUSA Fazilah
Published: October 2019

Trace elements phytoavailability depends on the physical and chemical propertiesof soil. At the Crocker range of West Coast Sabah, Malaysia, the Pandasan paddyvariety can be cultivated as flooded rice paddies or upland rice on acidic soil.Pandasan paddy samples were collected in Kiulu subdistrict from traditionalfarmer at two different locations. Available sources of trace elements were fromweathering, fertilizers and pesticides. Soil and plant samples were collected aftertwo months of seed sowing and during harvest season which was five months oldfor heavy metal analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emissionspectrometry (ICP-OES). Translocation factor of arsenic from root to grainindicated this trace element was very mobile in Pandasan paddy cultivated at drysoil compared to wet soil followed by zinc. Although, cadmium was not detected inpaddy cultivated at flooded field for both, soil and plant, cadmium was detected insoil and plant roots cultivated in dry condition. Enrichment factor results suggestedthat Pandasan plant cultivated on dry soil was only a good bioindicator for leadand zinc. Pandasan grain was rich with iron followed by zinc. Selected heavymetals accumulation in Pandasan grain cultivated in flooded field did not exceededthe permissible limit of Malaysia Food Regulation 1985. However arsenic andplumbum concentration in Pandasan grain harvested from dry soil exceeded thepermissible limit of Malaysia Food Regulation 1985. Health risk of heavy metalstoxicity can be reduced if Pandasan paddy is cultivated in flooded field comparedto dry soil.
Sensing the load
Authors: Haelterman Nele , Lim Joohyun
Published: October 2019

How does the skeleton detect and adapt to changes in the mechanical load it has to carry?
Makt og innflytelse i prosessen med å endre strukturen i yrkesopplæringen
Authors: Hansen Kari Henriette , Haaland Grete , Vagle Inger
Published: October 2019

Artikkelen handler om endringsprosessen i utforming av ny struktur i yrkesopplæringen og hvem som har reell innflytelse sett i lys av ILO-konvensjonen av 1975, som forplikter statene til trepartssamarbeid om yrkesopplæringen. Konvensjonen forplikter medlemsstatene til utforming av politikk, retningslinjer og tiltak i yrkesopplæringen i samarbeid med partene i arbeidslivet[1]. Den handler om hvor og hvordan fagmiljøene og bransjene uttrykker sine behov og hvordan deres interesser blir ivaretatt.

 

Begrunnelse for studien er funn fra tidligere forskning og vår erfaring med at aktørene i yrkesopplæringen ikke systematisk er involvert i endringsprosessene. Vi ønsker å studere hvordan prosessen med strukturendringene foregår og hva som påvirker prosessen fram mot endelig struktur.

 

Metoder i forskningsarbeidet er analyse av tidligere forskning og dokumenter som ligger til grunn for, og inngår i, den formelle endringsprosessen, samt intervjuer med representanter for de nasjonale faglige rådene. De faglige rådene representerer trepartssamarbeidet om faglig kvalitet i yrkesopplæringen.

 

Resultatene viser at det er stor forskjell på hvordan fagmiljøene har hatt innflytelse i endringsprosessen og at endringsprosessen ikke har fulgt en forutbestemt prosedyre.

Partene, representert ved de faglige rådene, har i ulik grad hatt innflytelse på endringsprosessen. En del av representantene i de faglige rådene er ansatt i en av sin parts organisasjoner og er ikke aktive i sine fag. Tendenser viser at nasjonale myndigheter fristiller seg fra et forpliktende trepartssamarbeid i beslutningsprosessene ved mange anledninger, i strid med ILO-konvensjonen.
Plastome sequences help to improve the systematic position of trinerved Lindera species in the family Lauraceae
Authors: Tian Xiangyu , Ye Junwei , Song Yu
Published: October 2019

Lindera is a genus (c. 100 spp.) of trees belonging to the “core Laureae” group in the family Lauraceae. It is often confused with Litsea, and the systematics of the genus is unclear. Here, total 10 complete plastomes from nine trinerved Lindera species and another species Lindera obtusiloba (sect. Palminerviae Meissn.) were sequenced. Nine highly variable regions, trnH-GUG/psbA, psbM/trnD-GUC, petA/psbL, ndhF, trnL-UAG/ndhD, and ycf1, were identified among the 10 Lindera species. In addition, a total of 1,836 mutation events including six micro-inversions, 156 indels, and 1,674 substitutions, were also summarized. Comparing our sequences with other available plastomes in the “core Laureae,” we put forward that six hypervariable loci, trnH-GUG/psbA, ndhF, ndhF/rpl32, trl32/trnL-UAG, ndhD, and ycf1, could potentially be used as plastid barcode candidates for species identification. Further phylogenetic analyses were conducted using 49 complete Lauraceae plastomes. The results supported a close relationship among trinerved Lindera species and suggested an improved trinerved group comprising species of trinerved Lindera species and Iteadaphne caudate.
Midnolin is a confirmed genetic risk factor for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Obara Yutaro , Sato Hidenori , Nakayama Takahiro , Kato Takeo , Ishii Kuniaki
Published: October 2019

Objective

Genetic analysis of patients with familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) identified many causative genes. However, the majority of PD cases are sporadic, and the mechanisms of onset still remain unclear. Previously, we found that Midnolin (MIDN) is associated with PD in a Yamagata (Japan) cohort study and that MIDN regulates neurite outgrowth and Parkin expression in neuronal cells. In the present study, we aimed to replicate the genetic association between MIDN and PD in a large British population cohort.

Methods

In this replication study, we analyzed the copy number variations and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of the MIDN gene in a large British population on a case–control genome‐wide association study dataset including 2,860 controls and 2,168 PD patients.

Results

There was significant copy number loss in the MIDN gene with an odds ratio of 4.35 (P < 2.2 × 10−16). Furthermore, there were many patients in both the British and Yamagata case groups who have a long spanning deletion. The odds ratio dramatically increased to 22.3 (P = 3.59 × 10−15) when a deletion spanning more than 50,000 bp was defined as the copy number loss. There were no significant differences between the controls and study cases for two relatively frequent single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3746106 and rs3746107).

Interpretation

We showed the strong genetic association of MIDN with PD development in a British population and in a Japanese population, suggesting MIDN is a confirmed and universal genetic risk factor for PD.
Copper(I) Phosphide Nanocrystals for In Situ Self‐Generation Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Guided Photothermal‐Enhanced Chemodynamic Synergetic Therapy Resisting Deep‐Seated Tumor
Authors: Liu Yang , Wu Junduo , Jin Yinhua , Zhen Wenyao , Wang Yinghui , Liu Jianhua , Jin Longhai , Zhang Songtao , Zhao Ying , Song Shuyan , Yang Yang , Zhang Hongjie
Published: October 2019

Fe‐based Fenton agents can generate highly reactive and toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) for chemodynamic therapy (CDT) with high specificity. However, the strict condition (lower pH environment: 3–4) of the highly efficient Fenton reaction limits its practical application in the clinic. Development of new CDT agents more suitable for TME is significant and challenging. A highly efficient Cu(I)‐based CDT agent, copper(I) phosphide nanocrystals (CP NCs), which is more adaptable to the pH value of TME than Fe‐based agents, thereby producing more ·OH to trigger the apoptosis of cancer cells, is prepared. Moreover, the excess glutathione (GSH) in TME can reduce the Cu(II) produced by a Fenton‐like reaction to Cu(I), further increasing the generation rate of ·OH and relieving tumor antioxidant ability. Furthermore, owing to their strong absorption in the NIR II region, CP NCs exhibit an excellent photothermal conversion effect, which can further improve the Fenton reaction. What is more, CP NCs can act as in situ self‐generation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents owing to the generation of paramagnetic Cu(II) in response to excess H2O2 in the TME. These properties may open up the exploration of copper‐based materials in clinical application of self‐generation imaging‐guided synergetic treatment.
Hierarchical Nucleophilic Nanofibrous Membranes for Fast, Durable, and Bare‐Eye Visible Detoxification of Carcinogenic Alkylating Toxicants
Authors: Tang Peixin , Zhang Mengxiao , Ji Bolin , Yong Teera , Sun Gang
Published: October 2019

Colorimetric‐warning detoxification nanofibrous membranes (CDNMs) are easily and directly fabricated from electrospinning of a mixture of poly(4‐vinylpyridine), 4‐(p‐nitrobenzyl)pyridine, and polyacrylonitrile. They exhibit hierarchical fiber morphology, ensuring fast and efficient detoxification toward alkylating toxicants. Taking advantage of their microporous structure, high specific surface area, and strong affinity toward toxicants of the nanofibers, the CDNMs exhibit a detoxification rate independent from the initial toxicant concentration (half‐lives are less than 8 min), and excellent detoxification durability and capacity with detoxification recovery rates retained >90% after 250 times cleaning of 3467 ppm methyl iodide. More importantly, a colorimetric signal that can monitor the detoxification process and expiration of the function is reported. An accumulative color change from white to brownish yellow on the CDNMs indicates the detoxification efficiency drops to less than 50%, which serves as a warning signal for a replacement of the CDNMs in personal protective equipment products. The detoxification and color generation mechanisms are theoretically supported by Gaussian calculations. This work is expected to inspire the introduction of instrument‐free detection signals into the design and development of next‐generation of self‐decontamination and detoxification materials.
Versatile and Highly Efficient Controls of Reversible Topotactic Metal–Insulator Transitions through Proton Intercalation
Authors: Chen Shanquan , Zhou Haiping , Ye Xing , Chen Zuhuang , Zhao Jinzhu , Das Sujit , Klewe Christoph , Zhang Lei , Lupi Eduardo , Shafer Padraic , Arenholz Elke , Jin Dun , Huang Haoliang , Lu Yalin , Li Xiaowen , Wu Meng , Ke Shanming , Xu Hu , Zeng Xierong , Huang Chuanwei , Martin Lane W. , Chen Lang
Published: October 2019

The ability to tailor a new crystalline structure and associated functionalities with a variety of stimuli is one of the key issues in material design. Developing synthetic routes to functional materials with partially absorbed nonmetallic elements (i.e., hydrogen and nitrogen) can open up more possibilities for preparing novel families of electronically active oxide compounds. Fast and reversible uptake and release of hydrogen in epitaxial ABO3 manganite films through an adapted low‐frequency inductively coupled plasma technology is introduced. Compared with traditional dopants of metallic cations, the plasma‐assisted hydrogen implantations not only produce reversibly structural transformations from pristine perovskite (PV) phase to a newly found protonation‐driven brownmillerite one but also regulate remarkably different electronic properties driving the material from a ferromagnetic metal to a weakly ferromagnetic insulator for a range of manganite (La1−xSrxMnO3) thin films. Moreover, a reversible perovskite‐brownmillerite‐perovskite transition is achieved at a relatively low temperature (T ≤ 350 °C), enabling multifunctional modulations for integrated electronic systems. The fast, low‐temperature control of structural and electronic properties by the facile hydrogenation/dehydrogenation treatment substantially widens the space for exploring new possibilities of novel properties in proton‐based multifunctional materials.
Electrical Tunability of Domain Wall Conductivity in LiNbO3 Thin Films
Authors: Lu Haidong , Tan Yueze , McConville James P. V. , Ahmadi Zahra , Wang Bo , Conroy Michele , Moore Kalani , Bangert Ursel , Shield Jeffrey E. , Chen Long‐Qing , Gregg J. Marty , Gruverman Alexei
Published: October 2019

Domain wall nanoelectronics is a rapidly evolving field, which explores the diverse electronic properties of the ferroelectric domain walls for application in low‐dimensional electronic systems. One of the most prominent features of the ferroelectric domain walls is their electrical conductivity. Here, using a combination of scanning probe and scanning transmission electron microscopy, the mechanism of the tunable conducting behavior of the domain walls in the sub‐micrometer thick films of the technologically important ferroelectric LiNbO3 is explored. It is found that the electric bias generates stable domains with strongly inclined domain boundaries with the inclination angle reaching 20° with respect to the polar axis. The head‐to‐head domain boundaries exhibit high conductance, which can be modulated by application of the sub‐coercive voltage. Electron microscopy visualization of the electrically written domains and piezoresponse force microscopy imaging of the very same domains reveals that the gradual and reversible transition between the conducting and insulating states of the domain walls results from the electrically induced wall bending near the sample surface. The observed modulation of the wall conductance is corroborated by the phase‐field modeling. The results open a possibility for exploiting the conducting domain walls as the electrically controllable functional elements in the multilevel logic nanoelectronics devices.
From Strong Dichroic Nanomotor to Polarotactic Microswimmer
Authors: Zhan Xiaojun , Zheng Jing , Zhao Yang , Zhu Bairen , Cheng Rui , Wang Jizhuang , Liu Jun , Tang Jiang , Tang Jinyao
Published: October 2019

Light‐driven micro/nanomotors are promising candidates for long‐envisioned next‐generation nanorobotics for targeted drug delivery, noninvasive surgery, nanofabrication, and beyond. To achieve these fantastic applications, effective control of the micro/nanomotor is essential. Light has been proved as the most versatile method for microswimmer manipulation, while the light propagation direction, intensity, and wavelength have been explored as controlling signals for light‐responsive nanomotors. Here, the controlling method is expanded to the polarization state of the light, and a nanomotor with a significant dichroic ratio is demonstrated. Due to the anisotropic crystal structure, light polarized parallel to the Sb2Se3 nanowires is preferentially absorbed. The core–shell Sb2Se3/ZnO nanomotor exhibits strong dichroic swimming behavior: the swimming speed is ≈3 times faster when illuminated with parallel polarized light than perpendicular polarized light. Furthermore, by incorporating two cross‐aligned dichroic nanomotors, a polarotactic artificial microswimmer is achieved, which can be navigated by controlling the polarization direction of the incident light. Compared to the well‐studied light‐driven rotary motors based on optical tweezers, this dichroic microswimmer offers eight orders of magnitude light‐intensity reduction, which may enable large‐scale nanomanipulation as well as other heat‐sensitive applications.
Growth Dynamics of Millimeter‐Sized Single‐Crystal Hexagonal Boron Nitride Monolayers on Secondary Recrystallized Ni (100) Substrates
Authors: Tian Hao , He Yanwei , Das Protik , Cui Zhenjun , Shi Wenhao , Khanaki Alireza , Lake Roger K. , Liu Jianlin
Published: October 2019

The outstanding physical properties of 2D materials have sparked continuous research interest in exploiting these materials for next‐generation high‐performance electronic and photonic technology. Scalable synthesis of high‐quality large‐area 2D hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is a crucial step toward the ultimate success of many of these applications. In this work, a synthetic approach in which secondary recrystallized Ni (100) substrates underwent a carburization process, followed by the growth of h‐BN in a molecular beam epitaxy system is designed. The h‐BN growth dynamics is studied by tuning different growth parameters including the substrate temperature, and the boron and nitrogen source flux ratio. With assistance from density functional theory calculations, the role of interstitial C atoms in promoting h‐BN growth by enhancing the catalytic effect of the transition metal, which lowers the nucleation activation energy barrier, is rationalized. Through the control of the growth parameters, a single‐crystal h‐BN monolayer domain as large as 1.4 mm in edge length is achieved. In addition, a high‐quality, continuous, large‐area h‐BN single‐layer film with a breakdown electric field of 9.75 MV cm−1 is demonstrated. The high value of the breakdown electric field suggests that single‐layer h‐BN has extraordinary dielectric strength for high‐performance 2D electronics applications.
Low Power Consumption Nanofilamentary ECM and VCM Cells in a Single Sidewall of High‐Density VRRAM Arrays
Authors: Wu Min‐Ci , Ting Yi‐Hsin , Chen Jui‐Yuan , Wu Wen‐Wei
Published: October 2019

The technologies of 3D vertical architecture have made a major breakthrough in establishing high‐density memory structures. Combined with an array structure, a 3D high‐density vertical resistive random access memory (VRRAM) cross‐point array is demonstrated to efficiently increase the device density. Though electrochemical migration (ECM) resistive random access (RRAM) has the advantage of low power consumption, the stability of the operating voltage requires further improvements due to filament expansions and deterioration. In this work, 3D‐VRRAM arrays are designed. Two‐layered RRAM cells, with one inert and one active sidewall electrode stacked at a cross‐point, are constructed, where the thin film sidewall electrode in the VRRAM structure is beneficial for confining the expansions of the conducting filaments. Thus, the top cell (Pt/ZnO/Pt) and the bottom cell (Ag/ZnO/Pt) in the VRRAM structure, which are switched by different mechanisms, can be analyzed at the same time. The oxygen vacancy filaments in the Pt/ZnO/Pt cell and Ag filaments in the Ag/ZnO/Pt cell are verified. The 40 nm thickness sidewall electrode restricts the filament size to nanoscale, which demonstrates the stability of the operating voltages. Additionally, the 0.3 V operating voltage of Ag/ZnO/Pt ECM VRRAM demonstrates the potential of low power consumption of VRRAM arrays in future applications.
Readmissions after endoscopic skull base surgery: associated risk factors and prevention
Authors: Vengerovich Gennadiy , Park Ki Wan , Antoury Layal , Wells Christine , Suh Jeffrey D. , Lee Jivianne T. , Heaney Anthony P. , Bergsneider Marvin , Wang Marilene B.
Published: October 2019

Background

Unplanned readmissions within 30 days of discharge is a quality measure introduced by the Centers for Medicare Services. This measure has been used to rate hospital quality and also to penalize hospitals for excess readmissions. It has been hypothesized that shorter hospital stays and fewer readmissions are associated with endoscopic skull base procedures. In this study we analyze endoscopic skull base procedures performed at our institution over a 10‐year period to identify rates and factors associated with readmissions after endoscopic skull base surgery.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed at a tertiary care academic medical center identifying patients who underwent endoscopic skull base surgery over the past 10 years. Data on patient demographics and tumor variables, as well as patient variables such as body mass index (BMI), revision surgery, history of skull base radiation, medical comorbidities, intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, and postoperative CSF leaks, were recorded.

Results

Eight hundred thirty‐three patients were included in our study. Sixty‐one patients (7.3%) were readmitted a total of 66 times within 30 days. The most common reasons were as follows: hyponatremia (n = 18); CSF leak (n = 17); epistaxis (n = 3); diabetes insipidus (n = 3); rhinorrhea (n = 3); as well as other reasons. Statistical analysis revealed that the presence of intraoperative CSF leak was the only statistically significant variable associated with increased rate of readmissions within 30 days of discharge (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Presence of intraoperative CSF leak was the only statistically significant variable associated with an increased risk for readmission after surgery. Other tumor and patient variables were not associated with an increased risk of readmission within 30 days.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation to compare large volume irrigation and continuous spraying during nasal irrigation
Authors: de Gabory Ludovic , Kérimian Mélodie , Baux Yannick , Boisson Nicolas , Bordenave Laurence
Published: October 2019

Background

Nasal irrigation is now widely recognized as a treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis and during the postoperative period. However, there are no guidelines for performing irrigation. This study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation objective physical parameters to optimize and increase the efficiency of nasal irrigation and to compare large‐volume, manual, and gravity pressure irrigation vs small‐volume continuous spraying.

Methods

A 3‐dimensional (3D) sinonasal model was constructed from a healthy adult high‐resolution computed tomography (CT) scan. The 3D nasal model was constructed using a tetrahedral and hex‐dominant mesh grid with TGRID™ 16 (ANSYS Inc., Villeurbanne, France) software. A structured hex mesh was created inside the domain using the Hexcore meshing method. The final mesh had a total of 9.6 × 106 cells with an average size of 0.29 mm3, or an average volume of 2.42 × 10−2 mm3. Navier‐Stokes equations were resolved with the standard k – ε  model.

Results

Large‐volume irrigation (15 mL/s) covered all zones (136 to 310 cm2) rapidly with strong shear stress and prolonged contact time (310 mPa 3.26 seconds for gravity mode and 280 mPa 3.35 seconds for manual pressure mode). Continuous spraying (3 mL/second) covered all areas (76 to 310 cm2) but with far less volume, more slowly, with low shear stress (50 mPa), and with shorter contact time (1.84 seconds). The surface wetted by time in contact was 135.4, 113.9, and 46.6 cm2 for gravity, manual pressure mode, and continuous spraying, respectively.

Conclusion

CFD simulation visualizes the circulation of water during nasal irrigation and makes it possible to determine objective parameters to decide which mode of irrigation may be used.
Tuning the Gate‐Opening Pressure in a Switching pcu Coordination Network, X‐pcu‐5‐Zn, by Pillar‐Ligand Substitution
Authors: Zhu Ai‐Xin , Yang Qing‐Yuan , Mukherjee Soumya , Kumar Amrit , Deng Cheng‐Hua , Bezrukov Andrey A. , Shivanna Mohana , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: October 2019

Coordination networks that reversibly switch between closed and open phases are of topical interest since their stepped isotherms can offer higher working capacities for gas‐storage applications than the related rigid porous coordination networks. To be of practical utility, the pressures at which switching occurs, the gate‐opening and gate‐closing pressures, must lie between the storage and delivery pressures. Here we study the effect of linker substitution to fine‐tune gate‐opening and gate‐closing pressure. Specifically, three variants of a previously reported pcu‐topology MOF, X‐pcu‐5‐Zn, have been prepared: X‐pcu‐6‐Zn, 6=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane (bpe), X‐pcu‐7‐Zn, 7=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)acetylene (bpa), and X‐pcu‐8‐Zn, 8=4,4′‐azopyridine (apy). Each exhibited switching isotherms but at different gate‐opening pressures. The N2, CO2, C2H2, and C2H4 adsorption isotherms consistently indicated that the most flexible dipyridyl organic linker, 6, afforded lower gate‐opening and gate‐closing pressures. This simple design principle enables a rational control of the switching behavior in adsorbent materials.
Hydrogen Bonding Between Ions of Like Charge in Ionic Liquids Characterized by NMR Deuteron Quadrupole Coupling Constants—Comparison with Salt Bridges and Molecular Systems
Authors: Khudozhitkov Alexander E. , Neumann Jan , Niemann Thomas , Zaitsau Dzmitry , Stange Peter , Paschek Dietmar , Stepanov Alexander G. , Kolokolov Daniil I. , Ludwig Ralf
Published: October 2019

We present deuteron quadrupole coupling constants (DQCC) for hydroxyl‐functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) in the crystalline or glassy states characterizing two types of hydrogen bonding: The regular Coulomb‐enhanced hydrogen bonds between cation and anion (c–a), and the unusual hydrogen bonds between cation and cation (c–c), which are present despite repulsive Coulomb forces. We measure these sensitive probes of hydrogen bonding by means of solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The DQCCs of (c–a) ion pairs and (c–c) H‐bonds are compared to those of salt bridges in supramolecular complexes and those present in molecular liquids. At low temperatures, the (c–c) species successfully compete with the (c–a) ion pairs and dominate the cluster populations. Equilibrium constants obtained from molecular‐dynamics (MD) simulations show van't Hoff behavior with small transition enthalpies between the differently H‐bonded species. We show that cationic‐cluster formation prevents these ILs from crystallizing. With cooling, the (c–c) hydrogen bonds persist, resulting in supercooling and glass formation.
Evolved Aliphatic Halogenases Enable Regiocomplementary C−H Functionalization of a Pharmaceutically Relevant Compound
Authors: Hayashi Takahiro , Ligibel Mathieu , Sager Emine , Voss Moritz , Hunziker Jürg , Schroer Kirsten , Snajdrova Radka , Buller Rebecca
Published: October 2019

Non‐heme iron halogenases are synthetically valuable biocatalysts that are capable of halogenating unactivated sp3‐hybridized carbon centers with high stereo‐ and regioselectivity. The reported substrate scope of these enzymes, however, is limited primarily to the natural substrates and their analogues. We engineered the halogenase WelO5* for chlorination of a martinelline‐derived fragment. Using structure‐guided evolution, a halogenase variant with a more than 290‐fold higher total turnover number and a 400‐fold higher apparent kcat compared to the wildtype enzyme was generated. Moreover, we identified key positions in the active site that allow direction of the halogen to different positions in the target substrate. This is the first example of enzyme engineering to expand the substrate scope of a non‐heme iron halogenase beyond the native indole‐alkaloid‐type substrates. The highly evolvable nature of WelO5* underscores the usefulness of this enzyme family for late‐stage halogenation.
Towards Reliable and Quantitative Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS): From Key Parameters to Good Analytical Practice
Authors: Bell Steven E. J. , Charron Gaëlle , Cortés Emiliano , Kneipp Janina , de la Chapelle Marc Lamy , Langer Judith , Procházka Marek , Tran Vi , Schlücker Sebastian
Published: October 2019

Experimental results obtained in different laboratories world‐wide by researchers using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) can differ significantly. We, an international team of scientists with long‐standing expertise in SERS, address this issue from our perspective by presenting considerations on reliable and quantitative SERS. The central idea of this joint effort is to highlight key parameters and pitfalls that are often encountered in the literature. To that end, we provide here a series of recommendations on: a) the characterization of solid and colloidal SERS substrates by correlative electron and optical microscopy and spectroscopy, b) on the determination of the SERS enhancement factor (EF), including suitable Raman reporter/probe molecules, and finally on c) good analytical practice. We hope that both newcomers and specialists will benefit from these recommendations to increase the inter‐laboratory comparability of experimental SERS results and further establish SERS as an analytical tool.
Electronic Tuning of Mixed Quinoidal‐Aromatic Conjugated Polyelectrolytes: Direct Ionic Substitution on Polymer Main‐Chains
Authors: Anderson Christopher L. , Dai Nan , Teat Simon J. , He Bo , Wang Shu , Liu Yi
Published: October 2019

The synthesis of conjugated polymers with ionic substituents directly bound to their main chain repeat units is a strategy for generating strongly electron‐accepting conjugated polyelectrolytes, as demonstrated through the synthesis of a series of ionic azaquinodimethane (iAQM) compounds. The introduction of cationic substituents onto the quinoidal para‐azaquinodimethane (AQM) core gives rise to a strongly electron‐accepting building block, which can be employed in the synthesis of ionic small molecules and conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs). Electrochemical measurements alongside theoretical calculations indicate notably low‐lying LUMO values for the iAQMs. The optical band gaps measured for these compounds are highly tunable based on structure, ranging from 2.30 eV in small molecules down to 1.22 eV in polymers. The iAQM small molecules and CPEs showcase the band gap reduction effects of combining the donor‐acceptor strategy with the bond‐length alternation reduction strategy. As a demonstration of their utility, the iAQM CPEs so generated were used as active agents in photothermal therapy.
Detection and Chiral Recognition of α‐Hydroxyl Acid through 1H and CEST NMR Spectroscopy Using a Ytterbium Macrocyclic Complex
Authors: He Haonan , Zhao Kelu , Xiao Long , Zhang Yi , Cheng Yi , Wan Sikang , Chen Shizhen , Zhang Lei , Zhou Xin , Liu Kai , Zhang Hongjie
Published: October 2019

Chiral α‐hydroxyl acids are of great importance in chemical synthesis. Current methods for recognizing their chirality by 1H NMR are limited by their small chemical shift differences and intrinsic solubility problem in organic solvents. Herein, we developed three YbDO3A(ala)3 derivatives to recognize four different commercially available chiral α‐hydroxyl acids in aqueous solution through 1H NMR and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) spectroscopy. The shift difference between chiral α‐hydroxyl acid observed by proton and CEST NMR ranged from 15–40 and 20–40 ppm, respectively. Our work demonstrates for first time, that even one chiral center on the side‐arm chain of cyclen could set the stage for rotation of the other two non‐chiral side chains into a preferred position. This is ascribed to the lower energy state of the structure. The results show that chiral YbDO3A‐like complexes can be used to discriminate chiral α‐hydroxyl acids with a distinct signal difference.