bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tunneled Island Flaps for the Reconstruction of Nasal Defects: A 21-Case Series
Authors: Moro-Bolado Fernando , Carmona-Rodríguez Marcos , Alwattar-Ceballos Omar , Martínez-Montalvo Laura , Rogel-Vence María , Sánchez-Caminero Prado , Romero-Aguilera Guillermo
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: The reconstruction of cutaneous defects following surgical procedures in the nasal pyramid presents a challenge due to the limited amount of available tissue. In cases of larger defects, skin from adjacent units is used. Traditionally, two-stage surgical flaps have been employed for reconstructing these defects. Tunnelized island flaps allow for the one-stage surgical reconstruction of nasal pyramid defects, using tissue from the forehead or cheek for the flap. (2) Methods: Descriptive retrospective study of 21 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for defects on the nasal pyramid using tunnelized island flaps. (3) Results: Surgical reconstruction was performed in 21 patients with basal cell carcinomas, 14 of them using the melolabial island flap and 7 using the paramedian forehead island flap. In all cases except one, clear histological margins were obtained. Immediate complications were mild and minor. It is worth noting the trapdoor effect complication, which improved over time in most cases, resulting in a satisfactory cosmetic outcome. No tumor recurrences were observed during an average follow-up period of 17.7 months. (4) Conclusions: Tunnelized island flaps allow for single-stage reconstruction of nasal pyramid defects, yielding excellent cosmetic results by utilizing adjacent skin. This procedure demands a certain level of skill but is associated with minimal complications, making it a valuable alternative in reconstructive dermatological surgery.
Replacement of Carbon Black with Coppiced Biochar in Guayule Rubber Composites Improves Tensile Properties
Authors: Peterson Steven C. , McMahan Colleen M.
Published: December 2023

Natural rubber, sourced from Hevea brasiliensis trees mainly in southeast Asia, is a critically important resource for transportation, national security, and medical products, among other uses. The guayule shrub is a domestic alternative source of natural rubber that is emerging with advantages over Hevea since it is well-suited for many medical and consumer applications. Biochar is a sustainable form of carbon made from biomass that is a potential replacement for petroleum-sourced carbon black, the most common filler for rubber composites. The coppiced-wood species hybrid poplar (Populus × canadensis) and Paulownia elongata are both rapidly growing hardwoods that have shown promise as feedstocks for biochar that can be used as fillers in common rubber composites such as Hevea natural rubber, styrene-butadiene, and polybutadiene. In this work, poplar and paulownia biochars were used to partially replace carbon black as filler in guayule rubber composites. Guayule composites with up to 60% of the carbon black replaced with poplar or paulownia biochar had higher tensile strength, elongation, and toughness compared to the 100% carbon black-filled control. These composites would be excellent candidates for rubber applications such as gloves, belts, hoses, and seals, while reducing dependence on fossil fuels and Hevea natural rubber.
Optimization of In Situ Formation of a Titanium Carbide Nanohybrid via Mechanical Alloying Using Stearic Acid and Carbon Nanotubes as Carbon Sources
Authors: Camacho-Ríos María Luisa , Herrera-Pérez Guillermo , Ruiz Esparza-Rodríguez Marco Antonio , Pérez-Bustamante Raúl , García-Herrera John Edison , Betancourt-Cantera José Antonio , Lardizábal-Gutiérrez Daniel
Published: December 2023

The current work shows the optimization of the preparation of nanosized titanium carbide in situ through mechanical alloying. Metallic titanium powders, along with two carbon sources, carbon nanotubes, and stearic acid, were used to reduce the particle size (around 11 nm) using an SPEX 800 high-energy mill. The combined use of 2 wt % of these carbon sources and n-heptane as a liquid process control agent proved crucial in generating nanoscale powder composites through a simple and scalable synthesis process within a 4 h timeframe. The uses of 20 wt % of both carbon sources were compared to determine the ability of carbon nanotubes to form carbides and the decomposition of process control agent during mechanical milling. The structure of the composites and starting materials were evaluated through X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, while the morphology features (average particle size and shape) were monitored via scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
Natural Fibers Composites: Origin, Importance, Consumption Pattern, and Challenges
Authors: Thapliyal Devyani , Verma Sarojini , Sen Pramita , Kumar Rahul , Thakur Amit , Tiwari Anurag Kumar , Singh Dhananjay , Verros George D. , Arya Raj Kumar
Published: December 2023

This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted world of natural fiber applications within the domain of composite materials. Natural fibers are meticulously examined in detail, considering their diverse origins, which encompass plant-derived fibers (cellulose-based), animal-derived fibers (protein-based), and even mineral-derived variations. This review conducts a profound analysis, not only scrutinizing their chemical compositions, intricate structures, and inherent physical properties but also highlighting their wide-ranging applications across various industries. The investigation extends to composites utilizing mineral or polymer matrices, delving into their synergistic interplay and the resulting material properties. Furthermore, this review does not limit itself to the intrinsic attributes of natural fibers but ventures into the realm of innovative enhancements. The exploration encompasses the augmentation of composites through the integration of natural fibers, including the incorporation of nano-fillers, offering a compelling avenue for further research and technological development. In conclusion, this review synthesizes a comprehensive understanding of the pivotal role of natural fibers in the realm of composite materials. It brings together insights from their diverse origins, intrinsic properties, and practical applications across sectors. As the final curtain is drawn, the discourse transcends the present to outline the trajectories of future work in the dynamic arena of natural fiber composites, shedding light on emerging trends that promise to shape the course of scientific and industrial advancements.
Design and Test of an Efficient Automatic Clip Seedling System for Raft Aquaculture Kelp
Authors: Zhu Ye , Hong Yang , Jiang Tao , Yang Meng , Lu Longfei , Yu Yang
Published: December 2023

Kelp, as a kind of climate-friendly food, animal feed, and bioplastics material, has been gradually cultivated worldwide. In the process of kelp culture, clipping seedling operation is essential to guarantee the yield. Traditionally, the clipping seedling operation is conducted by hand with low production efficiency and high labor intensity. In this paper, a novel automatic clipping seedling machine is developed to improve efficiency. The machine consists of an automatic seedling clipping core device, an automatic seedling feeding device, an automatic seedling rope conveyor, and an automatic product storage device. The corresponding structure, mechanism, and control system are introduced and analyzed. The performances of the automatic machine are tested and compared to manual kelp seedling clipping. Compared to manual kelp seedling clipping, the automatic machine can improve efficiency by 35%. Additionally, the quality of kelp seedling clipping is investigated. The attaching force of the kelp seedling clipped by the automatic machine is 2.179 N (224.4 g × 9.8 N/Kg × 10−3). The rate of the clipped kelp seedlings falling off the rope is only 1.3%. These performances prove that the automatic machine Is feasible and can be used to improve clipping efficiency and ensure clipping quality at the same time.
Miltefosine: A Repurposing Drug against Mucorales Pathogens
Authors: Xisto Mariana Ingrid Dutra da Silva , Rollin-Pinheiro Rodrigo , Rochetti Victor Pereira , Castro-Almeida Yuri de , Borba-Santos Luana Pereira , Santos-Freitas Giulia Maria Pires dos , Cypriano Jefferson , Abreu Fernanda de Ávila , Rozental Sonia , Barreto-Bergter Eliana
Published: December 2023

Mucorales are a group of non-septated filamentous fungi widely distributed in nature, frequently associated with human infections, and are intrinsically resistant to many antifungal drugs. For these reasons, there is an urgent need to improve the clinical management of mucormycosis. Miltefosine, which is a phospholipid analogue of alkylphosphocholine, has been considered a promising repurposing drug to be used to treat fungal infections. In the present study, miltefosine displayed antifungal activity against a variety of Mucorales species, and it was also active against biofilms formed by these fungi. Treatment with miltefosine revealed modifications of cell wall components, neutral lipids, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell morphology, and the induction of oxidative stress. Treated Mucorales cells also presented an increased susceptibility to SDS. Purified ergosterol and glucosylceramide added to the culture medium increased miltefosine MIC, suggesting its interaction with fungal lipids. These data contribute to elucidating the effect of a promising drug repurposed to act against some relevant fungal pathogens that significantly impact public health.
Personalized Care in Eye Health: Exploring Opportunities, Challenges, and the Road Ahead for Chatbots
Authors: Ittarat Mantapond , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Chansangpetch Sunee
Published: December 2023

In modern eye care, the adoption of ophthalmology chatbots stands out as a pivotal technological progression. These digital assistants present numerous benefits, such as better access to vital information, heightened patient interaction, and streamlined triaging. Recent evaluations have highlighted their performance in both the triage of ophthalmology conditions and ophthalmology knowledge assessment, underscoring their potential and areas for improvement. However, assimilating these chatbots into the prevailing healthcare infrastructures brings challenges. These encompass ethical dilemmas, legal compliance, seamless integration with electronic health records (EHR), and fostering effective dialogue with medical professionals. Addressing these challenges necessitates the creation of bespoke standards and protocols for ophthalmology chatbots. The horizon for these chatbots is illuminated by advancements and anticipated innovations, poised to redefine the delivery of eye care. The synergy of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) with chatbots amplifies their diagnostic prowess. Additionally, their capability to adapt linguistically and culturally ensures they can cater to a global patient demographic. In this article, we explore in detail the utilization of chatbots in ophthalmology, examining their accuracy, reliability, data protection, security, transparency, potential algorithmic biases, and ethical considerations. We provide a comprehensive review of their roles in the triage of ophthalmology conditions and knowledge assessment, emphasizing their significance and future potential in the field.
A Brief Survey of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for E-Commerce Research
Authors: Zhang Xue , Guo Fusen , Chen Tao , Pan Lei , Beliakov Gleb , Wu Jianzhang
Published: December 2023

The rapid growth of e-commerce has significantly increased the demand for advanced techniques to address specific tasks in the e-commerce field. In this paper, we present a brief survey of machine learning and deep learning techniques in the context of e-commerce, focusing on the years 2018–2023 in a Google Scholar search, with the aim of identifying state-of-the-art approaches, main topics, and potential challenges in the field. We first introduce the applied machine learning and deep learning techniques, spanning from support vector machines, decision trees, and random forests to conventional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, generative adversarial networks, and beyond. Next, we summarize the main topics, including sentiment analysis, recommendation systems, fake review detection, fraud detection, customer churn prediction, customer purchase behavior prediction, prediction of sales, product classification, and image recognition. Finally, we discuss the main challenges and trends, which are related to imbalanced data, over-fitting and generalization, multi-modal learning, interpretability, personalization, chatbots, and virtual assistance. This survey offers a concise overview of the current state and future directions regarding the use of machine learning and deep learning techniques in the context of e-commerce. Further research and development will be necessary to address the evolving challenges and opportunities presented by the dynamic e-commerce landscape.
Surgical Patching in Congenital Heart Disease: The Role of Imaging and Modelling
Authors: Aljassam Yousef , Caputo Massimo , Biglino Giovanni
Published: December 2023

In congenital heart disease, patches are not tailored to patient-specific anatomies, leading to shape mismatch with likely functional implications. The design of patches through imaging and modelling may be beneficial, as it could improve clinical outcomes and reduce the costs associated with redo procedures. Whilst attention has been paid to the material of the patches used in congenital surgery, this review outlines the current knowledge on this subject and isolated experimental work that uses modelling and imaging-derived information (including 3D printing) to inform the design of the surgical patch.
Event-Centric Temporal Knowledge Graph Construction: A Survey
Authors: Knez Timotej , Žitnik Slavko
Published: December 2023

Textual documents serve as representations of discussions on a variety of subjects. These discussions can vary in length and may encompass a range of events or factual information. Present trends in constructing knowledge bases primarily emphasize fact-based common sense reasoning, often overlooking the temporal dimension of events. Given the widespread presence of time-related information, addressing this temporal aspect could potentially enhance the quality of common-sense reasoning within existing knowledge graphs. In this comprehensive survey, we aim to identify and evaluate the key tasks involved in constructing temporal knowledge graphs centered around events. These tasks can be categorized into three main components: (a) event extraction, (b) the extraction of temporal relationships and attributes, and (c) the creation of event-based knowledge graphs and timelines. Our systematic review focuses on the examination of available datasets and language technologies for addressing these tasks. An in-depth comparison of various approaches reveals that the most promising results are achieved by employing state-of-the-art models leveraging large pre-trained language models. Despite the existence of multiple datasets, a noticeable gap exists in the availability of annotated data that could facilitate the development of comprehensive end-to-end models. Drawing insights from our findings, we engage in a discussion and propose four future directions for research in this domain. These directions encompass (a) the integration of pre-existing knowledge, (b) the development of end-to-end systems for constructing event-centric knowledge graphs, (c) the enhancement of knowledge graphs with event-centric information, and (d) the prediction of absolute temporal attributes.
An Improved Inverse DEA for Assessing Economic Growth and Environmental Sustainability in OPEC Member Nations
Authors: Orisaremi Kelvin K. , Chan Felix T. S. , Fu Xiaowen
Published: December 2023

Economic growth is essential for nations endowed with natural resources as it reflects how well those resources are utilized in an efficient and sustainable way. For instance, OPEC member nations, which hold a large proportion of the world’s oil and gas reserves, may require a frequent evaluation of economic growth patterns to ensure that the natural resources are best used. For this purpose, this study proposes an inverse data envelopment analysis model for assessing the optimal increase in input resources required for economic growth among OPEC member nations. In this context, economic growth is reflected in the GDP per capita, taking into account possible environmental degradation. Such a model is applied to the selected OPEC member nations, which suggests that in terms of increasing the GDP per capita, only one member was able to achieve the best efficiency (i.e., reaching the efficiency frontier), resulting in a hierarchy or dominance within the sample countries. The analysis results further identify the economic growth potential for each member country. For the case of Indonesia, the analysis suggests that further economic growth may be achieved for Indonesia without additional input resources. This calls for diversification of the nation’s economy or investment in other input resources. In addition, the overall results indicated that each member nation could increase its GDP per capita while experiencing minimal environmental degradation. Our analysis not only benchmarks the growth efficiency of countries, but also identifies opportunities for more efficient and sustainable growth.
The Extraction of Coupling-of-Modes Parameters in a Layered Piezoelectric Substrate and Its Application to a Double-Mode SAW Filter
Authors: Li Lingqi , Zhang Qiaozhen , Yang Yang , Li Baichuan , Tian Yahui , Zhao Xiangyong , Fu Sulei
Published: December 2023

This paper presents an advanced method that combines coupling-of-modes (COM) theory and the finite element method (FEM), which enables the quick extraction of COM parameters and the accurate prediction of the electroacoustic and temperature behavior of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. For validation, firstly, the proposed method is performed for a normal SAW resonator. Then, the validated method is applied to analysis of an I.H.P. SAW resonator based on a 29°YX−LT/SiO2/SiC structure. Via optimization, the electromechanical coupling coefficient (K2) is increased up to 13.92% and a high quality (Q) value of 1265 is obtained; meanwhile, the corresponding temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) is −10.67 ppm/°C. Furthermore, a double-mode SAW (DMS) filter with low insertion loss and excellent temperature stability is also produced. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is effective even for SAW devices with complex structures, providing a useful tool for the design of SAW devices with improved performance.
Thermodynamic and Vibrational Aspects of Peptide Bond Hydrolysis and Their Potential Relationship to the Harmfulness of Infrared Radiation
Authors: Tsioptsias Costas
Published: December 2023

The primary physicochemical effect upon exposure to infrared radiation (IR) is the temperature increase of cells. The degradation of proteins via the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is related to cell malfunction. In this work, the degradation of proteins/peptides under the influence of IR radiation is theoretically studied. It is shown that the low value of enthalpy of peptide bond hydrolysis has two consequences: (a) the enthalpy of hydrolysis is sensitive to small variations in the bond strength, and the hydrolysis of weak peptide bonds is exothermic, while the hydrolysis of stronger bonds is endothermic; (b) the increase in temperature (e.g., due to IR exposure) changes the enthalpy of the reaction of some weak peptide bonds from exothermic to endothermic (that is, their hydrolysis will be favored upon further increase in temperature). Simple calculations reveal that the amount of absorbed energy during the overtone and hot band transitions of the H–O–H and C–N stretching vibrations is comparable to the activation energy of the (uncatalyzed) hydrolysis. A critical discussion is provided regarding the influence of different IR wavelengths on peptide bond hydrolysis.
Activation of Peracetic Acid by CoFe2O4 for Efficient Degradation of Ofloxacin: Reactive Species and Mechanism
Authors: Li Rong , Lu Xing , Gao Jinxiang , Chen Yifan , Pan Shunlong
Published: December 2023

Peroxyacetic acid (PAA)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have attracted much attention in wastewater treatment by reason of high selectivity, long half-life reactive oxygen species (ROS), and wider applicability. In this study, cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) was applied to activate PAA for the removal of ofloxacin (OFX). The degradation of OFX could reach 83.0% via the CoFe2O4/PAA system under neutral conditions. The low concentration of co-existing anions and organic matter displayed negligible influence on OFX removal. The contributions of hydroxyl radicals (·OH), organic radicals (R-O·), and other reactive species to OFX degradation in CoFe2O4/PAA were systematically evaluated. Organic radicals (especially CH3C(O)OO·) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were verified to be the main reactive species leading to OFX destruction. The Co(II)/Co(III) redox cycle occurring on the surface of CoFe2O4 played a significant role in PAA activation. The catalytic performance of CoFe2O4 remained above 80% after five cycles. Furthermore, the ecotoxicity of OFX was reduced after treatment with the CoFe2O4/PAA system. This study will facilitate further research and development of the CoFe2O4/PAA system as a new strategy for wastewater treatment.
Helium Cold Atmospheric Plasma Causes Morphological and Biochemical Alterations in Candida albicans Cells
Authors: Rovetta-Nogueira Sabrina de Moura , Borges Aline Chiodi , Oliveira Filho Maurício de , Nishime Thalita Mayumi Castaldelli , Hein Luis Rogerio de Oliveira , Kostov Konstantin Georgiev , Koga-Ito Cristiane Yumi
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Previous studies reported the promising inhibitory effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on Candida albicans. However, the exact mechanisms of CAP’s action on the fungal cell are still poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the CAP effect on C. albicans cell wall, by evaluating the alterations on its structure and biochemical composition; (2) Methods: C. albicans cells treated with Helium-CAP were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in order to detect morphological, topographic and biochemical changes in the fungal cell wall. Cells treated with caspofungin were also analyzed for comparative purposes; (3) Results: Expressive morphological and topographic changes, such as increased roughness and shape modification, were observed in the cells after CAP exposure. The alterations detected were similar to those observed after the treatment with caspofungin. The main biochemical changes occurred in polysaccharides content, and an overall decrease in glucans and an increase in chitin synthesis were detected; (4) Conclusions: Helium-CAP caused morphological and topographic alterations in C. albicans cells and affected the cell wall polysaccharide content.
Pharmacological Evidence That Dictyostelium Differentiation-Inducing Factor 1 Promotes Glucose Uptake Partly via an Increase in Intracellular cAMP Content in Mouse 3T3-L1 Cells
Authors: Kubohara Yuzuru , Fukunaga Yuko , Kikuchi Haruhisa , Kuwayama Hidekazu
Published: December 2023

Differentiation-inducing factor 1 (DIF-1) isolated from the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum can inhibit mammalian calmodulin-dependent cAMP/cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE1) in vitro. DIF-1 also promotes glucose uptake, at least in part, via a mitochondria- and AMPK-dependent pathway in mouse 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells, but the mechanism underlying this effect has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of DIF-1 on intracellular cAMP and cGMP levels, as well as the effects that DIF-1 and several compounds that increase cAMP and cGMP levels have on glucose uptake in confluent 3T3-L1 cells. DIF-1 at 20 μM (a concentration that promotes glucose uptake) increased the level of intracellular cAMP by about 20% but did not affect the level of intracellular cGMP. Neither the PDE1 inhibitor 8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine at 10–200 μM nor the broad-range PDE inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine at 40–400 μM had any marked effects on glucose uptake. The membrane-permeable cAMP analog 8-bromo-cAMP at 200–1000 μM significantly promoted glucose uptake (by 20–25%), whereas the membrane-permeable cGMP analog 8-bromo-cGMP at 3–100 μM did not affect glucose uptake. The adenylate cyclase activator forskolin at 1–10 μM promoted glucose uptake by 20–30%. Thus, DIF-1 may promote glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 cells, at least in part, via an increase in intracellular cAMP level.
Effect of Surface Pt Doping on the Reactivity of Au(111) Surfaces towards Methanol Dehydrogenation: A First-Principles Density Functional Theory Investigation
Authors: Demirtas Merve , Ustunel Hande , Toffoli Daniele
Published: December 2023

The surprisingly high catalytic activity of gold has been known to the heterogeneous catalysis community since the mid-1980s. Significant efforts have been directed towards improving the reactivity of these surfaces towards important industrial reactions. One such strategy is the introduction of small amounts of other metals to create Au-based surface alloys. In this work, we investigated the synergistic effect of the Pt doping of a Au(111) surface on decreasing the activation barrier of the methanol dehydrogenation elementary step within first-principles density functional theory. To this end, we constructed several models of Pt-doped Au(111) surfaces, including a full Pt overlayer and monolayer. The effect of Pt surface doping was then investigated via the computation of the adsorption energies of the various chemical species involved in the catalytic step and the estimation of the activation barriers of methanol dehydrogenation. Both the electronic and strain effects induced by Pt surface doping substantially lowered the activation energy barrier of this important elementary reaction step. Moreover, in the presence of preadsorbed atomic oxygen, Pt surface doping could be used to reduce the activation energy for methanol dehydrogenation to as low as 0.1 eV.
Indole Diterpene Derivatives from the Aspergillus flavus GZWMJZ-288, an Endophytic Fungus from Garcinia multiflora
Authors: Wang Dongyang , Zhuang Xiaohong , Yin Ying , Wu Dan , He Wenwen , Zhu Weiming , Xu Yanchao , Zuo Mingxing , Wang Liping
Published: December 2023

A new indole diterpene, 26-dihydroxyaflavininyl acetate (1), along with five known analogs (2–6) were isolated from the liquid fermentation of Aspergillus flavus GZWMJZ-288, an endophyte from Garcinia multiflora. The structures of these compounds were identified through NMR, MS, chemical reaction, and X-ray diffraction experiments. Enzyme inhibition activity screening found that compounds 1, 4, and 6 have a good binding affinity with NPC1L1, among which compound 6 exhibited a stronger binding ability than ezetimibe at a concentration of 10 µM. Moreover, compound 5 showed inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 29.22 ± 0.83 µM, which is 13 times stronger than that of acarbose. The results suggest that these aflavinine analogs may serve as lead compounds for the development of drugs targeting NPC1L1 and α-glucosidase. The binding modes of the bioactive compounds with NPC1L1 and α-glucosidase were also performed through in silico docking studies.
General Strategies for Preparing Hybrid Polymer/Quantum Dot Nanocomposites for Color Conversion
Authors: Chen Guan-Hong , Lin Chen-Te , Chen Po-Hsun , Jang Tyng-Woei , Chen Hsueh-Shih
Published: December 2023

Quantum dots (QDs), with their exceptional optical properties, have emerged as promising candidates to replace traditional phosphors in lighting and display technologies. This study delves into the integration strategies of QDs within glass and polymer matrices to engineer advanced quantum dot color converters (QDCCs) at the industrial scale for practical applications. To achieve enhancements in the photostability and thermal stability of QDCCs, we explore two distinct approaches: the dispersion of QDs in a hydrophilic glass matrix via a sol–gel process and the incorporation of QDs into a non-polar acrylate monomer to formulate QD/polymer nanocomposites. This research further investigates the optical behaviors of these composites, focusing on their light-scattering and propagation mechanisms, which are critical for optimizing light extraction efficiency in QDCCs. Additional optical film and light-scattering particles can improve color conversion efficiency by ~140%. These advancements present a significant step forward in the development of high-performance, energy-efficient, QD-based lighting and display systems.
Application of a Two-Dimensional Mapping-Based Visualization Technique: Nutrient-Value-Based Food Grouping
Authors: Wakayama Ryota , Takasugi Satoshi , Honda Keiko , Kanaya Shigehiko
Published: December 2023

Worldwide, several food-based dietary guidelines, with diverse food-grouping methods in various countries, have been developed to maintain and promote public health. However, standardized international food-grouping methods are scarce. In this study, we used two-dimensional mapping to classify foods based on their nutrient composition. The Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan were used for mapping with a novel technique—t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding—to visualize high-dimensional data. The mapping results showed that most foods formed food group-based clusters in the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan. However, the beverages did not form large clusters and demonstrated scattered distribution on the map. Green tea, black tea, and coffee are located within or near the vegetable cluster whereas cocoa is near the pulse cluster. These results were ensured by the k-nearest neighbors. Thus, beverages made from natural materials can be categorized based on their origin. Visualization of food composition could enable an enhanced comprehensive understanding of the nutrients in foods, which could lead to novel aspects of nutrient-value-based food classifications.
Preliminary Evidence of Efficacy, Safety, and Treatment Satisfaction with Tirbanibulin 1% Ointment: A Clinical Perspective on Actinic Keratoses
Authors: Campione Elena , Rivieccio Antonia , Gaeta Shumak Ruslana , Costanza Gaetana , Cosio Terenzio , Lambiase Sara , Garofalo Virginia , Artosi Fabio , Lozzi Flavia , Freni Claudia , Romeo Alice , Dika Emi , Falconi Mattia , Bianchi Luca
Published: December 2023

Background: Actinic keratosis is a common precancerous skin lesion that can progress into invasive squamous cell carcinomas. Many topical treatments for actinic keratoses often have poor tolerability and prolonged duration. Tirbanibulin is a novel synthetic drug with potent antitumor and antiproliferative activities. Methods: We conducted a single-center, prospective and observational study using tirbanibulin ointment on a 25 cm2 area for 5 consecutive days on 30 participants with AKs on the face or scalp. They were followed for at least 57 days to assess the safety profile and efficacy of the drug as well as treatment satisfaction. We evaluated six signs of local skin reaction (LSR): erythema, scaling, crusting, swelling, blisters/pustules, and erosions/ulcerations, grading the severity as mild, moderate, or severe. The effectiveness was evaluated both clinically and dermoscopically. The treatment satisfaction was assessed using the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM 1.4). Results: On day 57, 70% of the patients showed a complete clinical and dermoscopic response. The highest scores obtained from the TSQM 1.4 were more evident in the convenience and side effects domains. Most LSRs, including erythema (83.3%), scaling (30%), and swelling (3.3%), occurred on day 8 but resolved spontaneously. Conclusion: Tirbanibulin is a viable therapeutic option with a short regimen treatment and good tolerability, which favors therapy adherence.
Fast and Accurate Measurement of Hole Systems in Curved Surfaces
Authors: Wang Ping , Kong Lingbao , An Huijun , Gao Minge , Cui Hailong
Published: December 2023

Curved surface structural parts with hole systems are widely used, and accurate measurement of the hole systems is crucial for assembly and functionality. This study presents a novel approach using machine vision and structural science principles to accurately measure spherical hole systems. We introduce key technologies, including measurement parameter definition, system design, and error modeling, in the paper. Our approach overcomes the limitations of existing methods, offering flexibility, precision, and automation measurement of the hole system. Experimental results demonstrate an accuracy of 0.348′ (arcminutes). This research contributes to the optical measurement of curved surface hole systems and improves their alignment and functionality.
The Enhancement of the Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Resin Reinforced by Bromo-Oxybismuth
Authors: Jia Yuan , Li Beibei , Ma Huan , Yang Juxiang , Liu Zhen
Published: December 2023

With the gradual miniaturization of electronic devices, the thermal conductivity of electronic components is increasingly required. Epoxy (EP) resins are easy to process, exhibit excellent electrical insulation properties, and are light in weight and low in cost, making them the preferred material for thermal management applications. In order to endow EPs with better dielectric and thermal conductivity properties, bromo-oxygen-bismuth (BiOBr) prepared using the hydrothermal method was used as a filler to obtain BiOBr/EP composites, and the effect of BiOBr addition on the properties of the BiOBr/EP composites was also studied. The results showed that the addition of a small amount of BiOBr could greatly optimize the dielectric properties and thermal conductivity of EP resin, and when the content of BiOBr was 0.75 wt% and 1.00 wt%, the dielectric properties and thermal conductivity of the composite could reach the optimum, respectively. The high dielectric constant and excellent thermal conductivity of BiOBr/EP composites are mainly due to the good layered structure of BiOBr, which can provide good interfacial polarization and thermal conductivity.
Exploring the Role of Green Microbes in Sustainable Bioproduction of Biodegradable Polymers
Authors: Akinsemolu Adenike , Onyeaka Helen
Published: December 2023

Research efforts have shifted to creating biodegradable polymers to offset the harmful environmental impacts associated with the accumulation of non-degradable synthetic polymers in the environment. This review presents a comprehensive examination of the role of green microbes in fostering sustainable bioproduction of these environment-friendly polymers. Green microbes, primarily algae and cyanobacteria, have emerged as promising bio-factories due to their ability to capture carbon dioxide and utilize solar energy efficiently. It further discusses the metabolic pathways harnessed for the synthesis of biopolymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and the potential for genetic engineering to augment their production yields. Additionally, the techno-economic feasibility of using green microbes, challenges associated with the up-scaling of biopolymer production, and potential solutions are elaborated upon. With the twin goals of environmental protection and economic viability, green microbes pave the way for a sustainable polymer industry.
Landscape Pattern of Sloping Garden Erosion Based on CSLE and Multi-Source Satellite Imagery in Tropical Xishuangbanna, Southwest China
Authors: Tan Rui , Chen Guokun , Tang Bohui , Huang Yizhong , Ma Xianguang , Liu Zicheng , Feng Junxin
Published: December 2023

Inappropriate soil management accelerates soil erosion and thus poses a serious threat to food security and biodiversity. Due to poor data availability and fragmented terrain, the landscape pattern of garden erosion in tropical Xishuangbanna is not clear. In this study, by integrating multi-source satellite imagery, field investigation and visual interpretation, we realized high-resolution mapping of gardens and soil conservation measures at the landscape scale. The Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) model was then performed to estimate the garden erosion rates and to identify critical erosion-prone areas; the landscape pattern of soil erosion was further discussed. Results showed the following: (1) For the three major plantations, teas have the largest degree of fragmentation and orchards suffer the highest soil erosion rate, while rubbers show the largest patch area, aggregation degree and soil erosion ratio. (2) The average garden erosion rate is 1595.08 t·km−2a−1, resulting in an annual soil loss of 9.73 × 106 t. Soil erosion is more susceptible to elevation and vegetation cover rather than the slope gradient. Meanwhile, irreversible erosion rates only occur in gardens with fraction vegetation coverage (FVC) lower than 30%, and they contribute 68.19% of total soil loss with the smallest land portion, indicating that new plantations are suffering serious erosion problems. (3) Garden patches with high erosion intensity grades and aggregation indexes should be recognized as priorities for centralized treatment. For elevations near 1900 m and lowlands (<950 m), the decrease in the fractal dimension index of erosion-prone areas indicates that patches are more regular and aggregated, suggesting a more optimistic conservation situation.
Weather Radar Parameter Estimation Based on Frequency Domain Processing: Technical Details and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Chen Yubao , Shu Zhifeng , Yu Haifeng , Wang Hui , Chen Jianjun , Li Lu
Published: December 2023

Parameter estimation is important in weather radar signal processing. Time-domain processing (TDP) and frequency-domain processing (FDP) are two basic parameter estimation methods used in the weather radar field. TDP is widely used in operational weather radars because of its high efficiency and robustness; however, it must be assumed that the received signal has a symmetrical or Gaussian power spectrum, which limits its performance. FDP does not require assumptions about its power spectrum model and has a seamless connection to spectrum analysis; however, its application performance has not been fully validated to ensure its robustness in an operational environment. In this study, we introduce several technical details in FDP, including window function selection, aliasing correction, and noise correction. Additionally, we evaluate the performance of FDP and compare the performance of FDP and TDP based on simulated and measured weather in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) data. The results show that FDP has potential for operational applications; however, further improvements are required, e.g., windowing processing for signals mixed with severe clutter.
Effects of Training Sets Sequence on Swimming Performance, Training Load and Physiological Responses
Authors: Nikitakis Ioannis S. , Bogdanis Gregory C. , Paradisis Giorgos P. , Toubekis Argyris G.
Published: December 2023

The study examined the effect of set sequence on performance and physiological responses in a training session and in each set separately. Twelve male swimmers performed four sessions in a randomized order, including a combination of two training sets: (i) set A-set C, (ii) set C-set A, (iii) set B-set C, (iv) set C-set B. Set A consisted of 8 × 200 m at a speed corresponding to lactate threshold (30 s recovery), set B included 8 × 100 m at the maximal aerobic speed (30 s recovery), set C included 8 × 50 m sprints at 95% of the maximum 50 m speed (30 s recovery). Speed, blood lactate, pH, base excess, bicarbonate and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured. Speed in each set was similar between sessions irrespective of set sequence (p > 0.05). Physiological responses during sets A and C were similar in all sessions (p > 0.05). In set B, when applied after set C, the metabolic response increased, and HRV decreased (p < 0.05). Overall, session biochemical disturbance was higher when set C was applied before sets A and B (p < 0.05). The magnitude of metabolic and HRV responses in a set conducted at maximal aerobic speed, but not at lactate threshold intensity, is increased when applied after sprint intervals.
Indoor Environmental Quality Assessment of Train Cabins and Passenger Waiting Areas: A Case Study of Nigeria
Authors: Ogundiran John Omomoluwa , Nyembwe Jean-Paul Kapuya Bulaba , Ribeiro Anabela Salgueiro Narciso , Gameiro da Silva Manuel
Published: December 2023

The adequacy of the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in mass transit microenvironments is crucial to the well-being of exposed commuters. By 2050, many developing tropical countries will host even more megacities, which will feature an increase in people mobility and higher occupancy density. The paucity of IEQ studies, the technology gap, and inadequate policy measures to assure safer and sustainable mobility in many developing tropics have reinforced the current study objective. Also, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the IEQ links and risks to health in transport, which, given the climate peculiarities, transport reforms, and huge commuter traffic in Nigeria, inform the study motivation. The indoor air quality (CO2, PM, VOCs, NO2), thermal, acoustic, and visual environments were objectively assessed in train passenger cabins and waiting areas, during 15 trips in the dry and rainy seasons in Nigeria. The results were analyzed by following the IEQ requirements defined in the ISO, CEN, ASHRAE, and SAE standards. The results indicate gaps in the IAQ (inadequate ventilation in 9 trains), defective thermal comfort (9 trains), exceedance in the PM limit (PM10: 47.9–115 μg/m3, PM2.5: 22.5–51.3 μg/m3), noise (Leq range: 64–85 dBA), and low illuminance levels (10 trains), hence the need for IEQ, interventions, stakeholder awareness, and broader IEQ studies on transport cabins in these regions.
Exploring Extension Implications for Slow Food Development in Iran: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Nazifi Hassan , Sabouri Mohammad Sadegh , Allahyari Mohammad Sadegh , Niknami Mehrdad , Danaei Elham
Published: December 2023

This research aimed to ascertain the prerequisites for the advancement of the slow food movement in Iran. Employing both quantitative and qualitative methods, it adopted a descriptive and survey-oriented design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 experts well-versed in the extension of slow food, employing a snowball sampling technique. The interview data underwent coding and analysis employing open coding, axial coding, and selective coding methods. The study encompassed experts and managers in agricultural extension and education across the nation. For statistical analysis, a structural equation model and confirmatory factor analysis were employed, utilizing SMART PLS 3 and SPSS 26 software. The goodness-of-fit index (GoF) was utilized to evaluate the comprehensive validity of the research model. From a qualitative perspective, six primary facets of the slow food model emerged: 1. Extension strategies in harmony with slow food principles; 2. Methods of extending the slow food movement; 3. Supportive policies for slow food propagation; 4. Intervening conditions; 5. Causal conditions (triggers and applications) of the slow food paradigm; and 6. Outcomes resulting from the adoption of the slow food ethos. These facets collectively comprised a total of 38 sub-components. Through analysis of the structural equation model, key facets with substantial operational weight and significant influence on the promotion of slow food were identified. These prominent components encompass disease prevention, the organization of festivals and exhibitions, the revision of laws, the shaping of individuals’ lifestyles, the enhancement of food tourism capacity, and the optimization of human resources.
Sustainable Agility Culture—The Case of a Pasta Company
Authors: Bartkowiak Agnieszka , Butlewski Marcin
Published: December 2023

The ability of an organization to be agile, and, therefore, the organizational culture of agility that determines it, is a key characteristic necessary for enterprises to meet the challenges of the requirements of sustainable development under conditions of uncertainty. Uncertainty, in turn, is an inherent feature of achieving the challenging goals of growth and often survival in today’s competitive enterprise market. Analyzing the organization’s ability to be agile, the article includes the results of a study of the productivity of the pasta packaging process in a selected manufacturing company. The main purpose of the article was to identify the factors important for the implementation of the concept of organizational agility and to develop steps to follow the Shu Ha Ri methodology in a pasta packaging company in order to increase production productivity. Based on the data obtained in the form of the number of employees per shift and the amount of packed pasta, significant differences in the productivity of shifts were found, and the challenges of organizational agility were also identified, which include the changing nature of demand, the impact of the state of the machines on the continuity of production, and the occurrence of shortages at the packing stage due to the manual nature of the process. Based on the conducted research and analysis of the tools used in the formation of an agile culture, a proprietary approach to sustainably increase the productivity of the packaging process was proposed using the Shu Ha Ri methodology. The conducted research made it possible to formulate the paradigm of sustainable agility culture and its main dimensions for companies in the food industry.
A Modified Residual Power Series Method for the Approximate Solution of Two-Dimensional Fractional Helmholtz Equations
Authors: Liu Jinxing , Nadeem Muhammad , Islam Asad , Mureşan Sorin , Iambor Loredana Florentina
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we suggest a modification for the residual power series method that is used to solve fractional-order Helmholtz equations, which is called the Shehu-transform residual power series method (ST-RPSM). This scheme uses a combination of the Shehu transform (ST) and the residual power series method (RPSM). The fractional derivatives are taken with respect to Caputo order. The novelty of this approach is that it does not restrict the fractional order and reduces the need for heavy computational work. The results were obtained using an iterative series that led to an exact solution. The 3D graphical plots for different values of fractional orders are shown to compare ST-RPSM results with exact solutions.
The Continuous Measure of Symmetry as a Dynamic Variable: A New Glance at the Three-Body Problem
Authors: Frenkel Mark , Shoval Shraga , Bormashenko Edward
Published: December 2023

The time evolution of the continuous measure of symmetry for a system built of three bodies interacting via the potential U(r)~1r is reported. Gravitational and electrostatic interactions between the point bodies were addressed. In the case of a pure gravitational interaction, the three-body-system deviated from its initial symmetrical location, described by the Lagrange equilateral triangle, comes eventually to collapse, accompanied by the growth of the continuous measure of symmetry. When three point bodies interact via the repulsive Coulomb interaction, the time evolution of the CMS is quite different. The CMS calculated for all of the studied initial configurations of the point charges, and all of their charge-to-mass ratios, always comes to its asymptotic value with time, evidencing the stabilization of the shape of the triangle, constituted by the interacting bodies. The influence of Stokes-like friction on the change in symmetry of three-body gravitating systems is elucidated; the Stokes-like friction slows the decrease in the CMS and increases the stability of the Lagrange triangle.