bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole‐genome methylation analysis of aging human tissues identifies age‐related changes in developmental and neurological pathways
Authors: Tharakan Ravi , Ubaida‐Mohien Ceereena , Dunn Christopher , Kaileh Mary , Tryggvadottir Rakel , Zukley Linda , Chia Chee W. , Sen Ranjan , Ferrucci Luigi
Published: June 2023

Age‐associated changes in the DNA methylation state can be used to assess the pace of aging. However, it is not understood what mechanisms drive these changes and whether these changes affect the development of aging phenotypes and the aging process in general. This study was aimed at gaining a more comprehensive understanding of aging‐related methylation changes across the whole genome, and relating these changes to biological functions. It has been shown that skeletal muscle and blood monocytes undergo typical changes with aging. Using whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing, we sought to characterize the genome‐wide changes in methylation of DNA derived from both skeletal muscle and blood monocytes, and link these changes to specific genes and pathways through enrichment analysis. We found that methylation changes occur with aging at the locations enriched for developmental and neuronal pathways regulated in these two peripheral tissues. These results contribute to our understanding of changes in epigenome in human aging.
La importancia de alimentarse rápido cuando hay ladrones cerca: Cleptoparasitismo sobre Zarapitos alimentándose en una playa arenosa expuesta en el sur de Chile
Authors: Morales‐Torres Diego F. , Valdivia Nelson , Rodríguez Sara M. , Navedo Juan G.
Published: June 2023

La rentabilidad es uno de los factores que más influye en la selección de presas. Este factor varía en función del tamaño de la presa y del tiempo de manipulación. Por lo tanto, generalmente las presas grandes son altamente rentables para los consumidores e intensifican la competencia. El cleptoparasitismo es una forma de competencia en la que un individuo roba alimento previamente obtenido por otro individuo. En consecuencia, la manipulación de presas grandes debería aumentar la probabilidad de ocurrencia de cleptoparasitismo, sin embargo, estas relaciones siguen siendo poco conocidas. En este trabajo estudiamos la ocurrencia de cleptoparasitismo de la Gaviota Cáhuil (Chroicocephalus maculipennis – Laridae) sobre Zarapitos (Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus – Scolopacidae) que se alimentan de chanchitos de mar (Emerita analoga) en una playa arenosa expuesta al oleaje en el sur de Chile. Los modelos lineales generalizados, ajustados a los datos de video secuencias focales‐individuales, mostraron que la probabilidad de cleptoparasitismo tuvo una respuesta sigmoidal positiva al tiempo de manipulación. Además, con un aumento de un segundo en el tiempo de manipulación, los Zarapitos duplicaron  su probabilidad de ser cleptoparasitados. Además, la probabilidad de ser cleptoparasitado fue un 17% más alta con un aumento de 10 mm en la longitud de la presa y un 47% más alta con un aumento de una gaviota por hospedador. Sin embargo, el efecto del tiempo de manipulación sobre la probabilidad de cleptoparasitismo disminuyó ligeramente (2%) con un aumento de 10 mm en la clase de tamaño de la presa. Nuestros resultados sugieren la existencia de un umbral de tiempo en el que los consumidores pueden manipular a sus presas antes de que la probabilidad de cleptoparasitismo sea demasiado alta. Sin embargo, la tasa media de ingesta de los zarapitos alcanzó 0,15 ± 0,13 kJ s−1, permitiendo que los zarapitos cumplan, en teoría, con sus requerimientos energéticos a pesar de perder algunas presas a causa de los cleptoparásitos. Este estudio proporciona una nueva visión sobre una forma común de competencia entre consumidores, destacando la importancia del tiempo de manipulación de presas para las aves playeras con un tiempo de alimentación restringido a causa de los ciclos de marea.
How to read a case: Ethnographic lawyering, conspiracy, and the origins of Al Qaeda
Authors: Li Darryl
Published: June 2023

This article delineates a particular orientation to combining professional legal training and anthropological scholarship that I call ethnographic lawyering. Ethnographic lawyering takes legal form as an object of anthropological analysis, loosely inspired by the Marxist jurist Evgeny Pashukanis's theorization of law as a social relation. If ethnographic method in anthropology entails theorizing from the concepts and experiences of interlocutors, then ethnographic lawyering analytically centers the subjectivities, logics, and relationalities that legal form both presupposes and animates. Ethnographic lawyering brings to light the contingent lives of legal form. To demonstrate this method, the article uses the example of conspiracy in early US court cases involving Al Qaeda, informed by the author's experiences as an attorney and anthropologist in litigation arising from the war on terror. An ethnographic lawyering approach illuminates how conspiracy's distinct forms in criminal law, the law of evidence, and tort law each bring far‐flung subjects, events, and actions together into reified entities even as they atomize and recombine social relations. This dynamic tension resembles the vertiginous nature of conspiracy theorizing in general.
Historical and social science perspectives on food allergy
Authors: Smith Matthew
Published: June 2023

This article provides an overview of the insights social scientists, historians and other health humanities scholars have made to our understanding of food allergies. It shows how humanities and social science scholars have tended to address three pivotal issues related to food allergies: first, they have addressed the epidemiology of food allergies, including the apparent rise in the rate of food allergies and the emergence of theories that purport to explain why food allergies may be increasing. These include theories related to changes in food consumption and the hygiene hypothesis. Second, humanities and social science scholars have researched how risks related to food allergies have been constructed, understood, experienced and mitigated. Third, humanities and social science scholars have investigated the experiences of food allergy sufferers and those who care for them, providing valuable qualitative insights that can inform how we respond to food allergy and our understanding of the aetiology of food allergy. The article concludes with three recommendations. First, there should be a more interdisciplinary approach to food allergy research that involves social scientists and health humanities scholars. Second, humanities and social sciences scholars should be more willing to unpack and scrutinise the theories put forward to explain the aetiology of food allergies, rather than accepting them at face value. And finally, humanities and social sciences scholars can play a major role in ensuring that the experiences of patients and their carers are articulated and fed into debates about food allergy, including its causes and how to respond to it.
How Does the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Affect the Restructuring of Global Value Chains?
Authors: Fan Zijie , Peng Siyi , Hu Wenjie
Published: June 2023

This paper quantifies the way in which the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) affects the restructuring of global value chains (GVCs). It incorporates an input– output structure into a general equilibrium model, highlighting important differences between intermediates and final goods. Using tariff reduction schedules for the RCEP agreement and Asian Development Bank Multi‐Region Input–Output database, it evaluates the impact of the RCEP's tariff cuts on vertical specialization and the GVC position index of members. It shows that the RCEP significantly increased vertical specialization and the weighted average number of stages for members for primary factors of production and final consumption, which led to more complex and longer production chains. This was mainly due to the trade creation in intermediates imported from member countries and those outside it. This is an important finding, distinct from traditional trade models without an input–output structure.
Molecular pharmacology in complement‐mediated hemolytic disorders
Authors: Bortolotti Marta , Barcellini Wilma , Fattizzo Bruno
Published: June 2023

In the last decade, a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of complement mediated hemolytic disorders, such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), cold agglutinin disease (CAD), warm type autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) with complement activation (wAIHA), and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), paved the way to the therapeutic shift from purely supportive approaches to complement‐targeted therapies. This resulted in a significant improvement in disease management, survival, and quality of life. In this review, we will provide a snapshot of novel therapies for complement‐mediated hemolytic anemias with a focus on those ready to use in clinical practice. C5 inhibitors eculizumab and the long‐acting ravulizumab, are the established gold standard for untreated PNH patients, whilst the C3 inhibitor pegcetacoplan should be considered for suboptimal responders to anti‐C5 drugs. Several additional compounds targeting the complement cascade at different levels (other C5 inhibitors, factor B and D inhibitors) are under active investigation with promising results. In CAD, immunosuppression with rituximab remains the first‐line. However, recently FDA and EMA approved the anti‐C1s monoclonal antibody, sutimlimab, that showed dramatic responses and whose regulatory approval is soon awaited in many countries. Other drugs under investigation in AIHA include the C3 inhibitor pegcetacoplan, and the anti‐C1q ANX005 for warm AIHA with complement activation. Finally, aHUS is an indication for complement inhibitors. Eculizumab and ravulizumab have been approved, whilst other C5 inhibitors, and novel lectin pathway inhibitors are under active investigation in this disease.
Induction of IL‐32 in the immune response of keratinocytes to Mycobacterium marinum infection
Authors: Sang Xu , Xue Xiaotong , Mi Zihao , Wang Zhenzhen , Yu Xueping , Sun Lele , Ma Shanshan , Wang Zhe , Liu Hong , Zhang Furen
Published: June 2023

Keratinocytes are the predominant cell type in the skin epidermis, and they not only protect the skin from the influence of external physical factors but also function as an immune barrier against microbial invasion. However, little is known regarding the immune defence mechanisms of keratinocytes against mycobacteria. Here, we performed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) on skin biopsy samples from patients with Mycobacterium marinum infection and bulk RNA sequencing (bRNA‐seq) on M. marinum‐infected keratinocytes in vitro. The combined analysis of scRNA‐seq and bRNA‐seq data revealed that several genes were upregulated in M. marinum‐infected keratinocytes. Further in vitro validation of these genes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assay confirmed the induction of IL‐32 in the immune response of keratinocytes to M. marinum infection. Immunohistochemistry also showed the high expression of IL‐32 in patients' lesions. These findings suggest that IL‐32 induction is a possible mechanism through which keratinocytes defend against M. marinum infection; this could provide new targets for the immunotherapy of chronic cutaneous mycobacterial infections.
Association of carnitine insufficiency with sarcopenia and dynapenia in patients with heart failure
Authors: Kinugasa Yoshiharu , Sota Takeshi , Nakamura Kensuke , Hirai Masayuki , Kato Masahiko , Yamamoto Kazuhiro
Published: June 2023

Aim

L‐carnitine transports fatty acids into mitochondria and contributes to energy metabolism in skeletal muscles. However, the association between carnitine insufficiency and skeletal muscle weakness, namely sarcopenia and dynapenia, in patients with heart failure (HF) remains unclear.

Methods

In total, 124 patients with HF were enrolled in this study. Carnitine insufficiency was indicated by a decrease in serum free carnitine (FC) levels of less than 36 μmol/L or an elevated serum acylcarnitine (AC) to free carnitine (FC) ratio (AC/FC ratio) of 0.27 or higher. Skeletal muscle weakness was defined as reduced handgrip strength and classified into two phenotypes: sarcopenia (low muscle strength with low skeletal muscle mass) and dynapenia (low muscle strength with normal skeletal muscle mass).

Results

Patients with carnitine insufficiency had a significantly higher prevalence of muscle weakness and a lower 6‐min walk distance than those without carnitine insufficiency (P < 0.05). A machine learning model showed that older age (≥77 years) and, in patients aged 64–76 years, a higher AC/FC ratio (≥0.31) were associated with sarcopenia. However, there was only a week association between carnitine levels and dynapenia. The effect of carnitine insufficiency on skeletal muscle weakness was greater in patients with low skeletal muscle mass than in those with normal skeletal muscle mass (P < 0.05 for interaction).

Conclusions

Carnitine insufficiency is more closely associated with sarcopenia than with dynapenia in patients with HF, suggesting carnitine insufficiency as a potential therapeutic target for sarcopenia in these patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 524–530.
Radiocesium transfer from soil is lower in tall fescue than orchardgrass under conditions of lower soil exchangeable potassium
Authors: Togamura Yasuko , Yamada Daigo , Shibuya Takeshi
Published: June 2023

In Japan, additional potassium fertilization is used as a countermeasure for radiocesium‐contaminated grasslands in the Tohoku and North Kanto regions. A 2‐year pot experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy of using tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), a low‐cesium‐absorption grass species, to replace orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), the most common forage grass species in these regions, to reduce potassium fertilization and improve the forage mineral balance. The treatments were a combination of two grass species (tall fescue and orchardgrass) and two potassium application rates (0 [K0] and three times the conventional amount [K3]) with four replications. The grass species and potassium application rate had significant (p < .001) effects on plant cesium‐137 concentrations. The results of the generalized linear mixed‐model analysis indicated that when tall fescue replaced orchardgrass, cesium‐137 in the forage grass was reduced to 34% and that the K3 treatment reduced cesium‐137 to 46% relative to the K0 treatment. The difference in cesium‐137 concentration between the two grass species increased as the soil exchangeable K2O content decreased. The equations for estimating the cesium‐137 concentration (y [g/kg]) from the exchangeable K2O content (x [g/kg]) were obtained as y = 63.7e–2.095x for tall fescue and y = 185.5e–3.327x for orchardgrass. These equations indicate that tall fescue cultivation can reduce the risk of elevated radioactive Cs in the grass by reducing potassium fertilizer to approximately half that of orchardgrass. There were no differences in the response of plant potassium concentrations or the potassium/(calcium + magnesium) equivalent ratio to soil exchangeable K2O content among the grass species. However, the mineral balance of forage can be improved by reducing potassium fertilizer applications for cesium‐137 remediation. Tall fescue has good potential to remediate contaminated grasslands as it reduces additional potassium fertilization and improves the mineral balance of forage.
My mum is on strike! Social reproduction and the (emotional) labor of ‘mothering work’ in neoliberal Britain
Authors: English Claire , Brown Gareth
Published: June 2023

This article will explore the ways mothers and carers use the term ‘emotional labor’ to describe the exhaustion and burnout associated with socially reproductive tasks, rather than the performance of affective labor in the workplace. Scholars of social reproduction theory claim that emotion is key to understanding the specificities of gendered alienation, yet it remains under‐theorised. This article seeks to understand how the emotional lives of carers have been transformed by neoliberal processes that have intensified labor both within and beyond the home. Drawing on interviews with participants from the 2019 ‘My Mum is on Strike’ stay and play event, alongside ethnographic insights from online mothering blogs, sometimes referred to as the ‘mamasphere’ (Wilson et al., 2017), this article seeks to contextualize the experiences of carers who narrate their reproductive labor as emotional ‘work’. Given the conditions of neoliberal rationality and the marketization of society, where every ‘field of activity… and entity (whether public or private, whether person, business, or state) is understood as a market and governed as a firm’ (Brown, 2015), emotional labor and the associated gendered expectations may begin to ‘feel like’ work, and we argue that this is felt in a specific way by those carrying out mothering labor, warranting further academic investigation.
Social participation and identity change during study abroad: British sojourners in China
Authors: Teng Mark Feng , Reynolds Barry Lee , Ha Xuan Van
Published: June 2023

An international experience usually influences language learners’ identity through social participation. This qualitative study examines a group of British students’ identity change in China. We conducted individual interviews and group discussions with eight participants. The analysis revealed that despite an outset perception of “otherness,” some students sought excitement and new experiences while others strengthened national identities. Students whose identity shifted toward the “open‐ended” took pride in their Chinese proficiency development and made use of “otherness” to build close and meaningful relationships. Students whose identity shifted toward a “self–other” orientation did not seek cultural experiences. These findings will inform international students and education providers to make the most use of study‐abroad opportunities and experiences to learn the culture and language of the host country.
Effects of dexmedetomidine on surgical site wound pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Weng Jinhui , Cheng Zhoujun , Li Shupeng
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to local wound infiltration anaesthesia in reducing surgical site wound pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases were searched from the time of database creation until February 2023. We performed a randomised controlled trial on the effect of dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to local wound infiltration anaesthesia on postoperative wound pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of each study. This study was performed using the Review Manager 5.4 software. Ultimately, 13 publications with 1062 patients were included. The results showed that dexmedetomidine was effective as an adjunct to local wound infiltration anaesthesia at 1 h (standardised mean difference [SMD]: −5.31, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: −7.22 to −3.40, P < .001), 4 h (SMD: −3.40, P < .001), 12 h (SMD: −2.11, 95% CIs: −3.10 to −1.13, P < .001) and 24 h postoperatively (SMD: −1.98, 95% CIs: −2.76 to −1.21, P < .001) significantly reduced surgical site wound pain. However, there was no significant difference in the analgesic effect at 48 h postoperatively (SMD: −1.33, 95% CIs: −3.25 to −0.58, P = .17). Dexmedetomidine provided good postoperative wound analgesia at the surgical site when used for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
RETRACTED: Intrawound vancomycin powder in orthopaedic surgery as surgical site wound infection prophylaxis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Bin , Li Songlin , Zhang Jinkang , Wu Di , Huang Xiaogang , Liu Dongzhou , Du Junjie
Published: June 2023

A meta‐analysis research was executed to appraise the consequence of intrawound vancomycin powder (IWVP) in orthopaedic surgery (OPS) as surgical site wound infection (SSWI) prophylaxis. Inclusive literature research till March 2023 was carried out and 2756 interconnected researches were revised. Of the 18 picked researches enclosed 13 214 persons with OPS were in the used researches' starting point, 5798 of them were utilising IWVP, and 7416 were control. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to appraise the consequence of the IWVP in OPS as SSWI prophylaxis by the dichotomous approaches and a fixed or random model. IWVP had significantly lower SSWIs (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.50‐0.74, P < .001), deep SSWIs (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36‐0.91, P = .02), and superficial SSWIs (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.46‐0.98, P = .04) compared with control in persons with OPS. IWVP had significantly lower SSWIs, deep SSWIs, and superficial SSWIs compared with control in persons with OPS. However, when interacting with its values, caution must be taken and more research is needed to confirm this finding.
The application of MDT model for calciphylaxis management in patients with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Pan Yanyan , Wang Hui , Ye Yajun , Lv Manman , Zhu Yamei , Wang Ningning , Zhao Jing , Shi Jingping , Lv Xiaolin
Published: June 2023

This study focuses on the application of nurse‐led multidisciplinary collaborative therapy (MDT) management model for calciphylaxis prevention of patients with terminal renal disease. Through the establishment of a multidisciplinary management team spanning nephrology department, blood purification center, dermatology department, burn and plastic surgery department, infection department, stem cell platform, nutrition department, pain department, cardiology department, hydrotherapy group, dermatology group, and outpatient treatment room, the distribution of duties among team members were clarified to bring out the best advantages of a multidisciplinary teamwork during treatment and nursing. For patients with calciphylaxis symptoms in terminal renal disease, a case‐by‐case management model was carried out with the focus on personalised problem. We emphasised on personalised wound care, precise medication care, active pain management, psychological intervention and palliative care, the amelioration of calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorder, nutritional supplementation, and the therapeutic intervention based on human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell regeneration. The MDT model effectively compensates for traditional nursing mode and could serve as a novel clinical management modality for calciphylaxis prevention in patients with terminal renal disease.
Density‐modified structure and mechanical properties of amorphous Si2BC3N by ab initio molecular dynamics calculations
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Zhou Yu , Yang Zhihua , Li Daxin , Jia Dechang , Liu Bin
Published: June 2023

Density‐modified structural features and mechanical properties of the amorphous Si2BC3N are studied by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The chemical bonds of Si2BC3N are insensitive to the density variation, which is reflected by the negligible changes in bond lengths, peak locations in density of states and Bader charge values under different densities. Instead, the composition of chemical bonds is altered. Meanwhile, high‐density condition induces the transition of polyhedral units from the sp2‐like trigonal configuration to the tetrahedral configuration, especially for B, C, and N. This variation is the main structural responding mechanism of Si2BC3N to increased density, which is different from the stretching and/or shrinkage of bonds as occurred in crystals. The increased tetrahedron content shall further benefit the amorphous structure stability of Si2BC3N by impeding the separation of turbostratic BN(C), and enhance the second‐order elastic constants, elastic moduli and tensile/shear strengths of Si2BC3N. The high density may decrease the debonding capability of the fiber/Si2BC3N interface but will not change the preference for crack deflection at interfaces. These results suggest the promising prospect of mechanical property optimization of SiBCN ceramics through density tailoring in experiments.
M&A and technological expansion
Authors: Jin Ginger Zhe , Leccese Mario , Wagman Liad
Published: June 2023

We examine how public firms listed in North American stock exchanges acquire technology companies during 2010–2020. Combining data from Standard and Poor's (S&P), Refinitiv, Compustat, and Center for Research in Security Prices, and utilizing a unique S&P taxonomy that classifies tech mergers and acquisitions (M&As) by tech categories and business verticals, we show that 13.1% of public firms engage in any tech M&A in the S&P data, while only 6.75% of public firms make any (tech or nontech) M&A in Refinitiv. In both data sets, the acquisitions are widespread across sectors of the economy, but tech acquirers in the S&P data are on average younger, more investment efficient, and more likely to engage in international acquisitions than general acquirers in Refinitiv. Within the S&P data, deals in each M&A‐active tech category tend to be led by acquirers from a specific sector; the majority of target companies in tech M&As fall outside the acquirer's core area of business; and firms are, in part, driven to acquire tech companies because they face increased competition in their core areas.
TaTIP41 and TaTAP46 positively regulate drought tolerance in wheat by inhibiting PP2A activity
Authors: Ma Jianhui , Geng Yuke , Liu Hong , Zhang Mengqi , Liu Shujuan , Hao Chenyang , Hou Jian , Zhang Youfu , Zhang Daijing , Zhang Weijun , Zhang Xueyong , Li Tian
Published: June 2023

Drought is a major environmental stress limiting global wheat (Triticum aestivum) production. Exploring drought tolerance genes is important for improving drought adaptation in this crop. Here, we cloned and characterized TaTIP41, a novel drought tolerance gene in wheat. TaTIP41 is a putative conserved component of target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling, and the TaTIP41 homoeologs were expressed in response to drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA). The overexpression of TaTIP41 enhanced drought tolerance and the ABA response, including ABA‐induced stomatal closure, while its downregulation using RNA interference (RNAi) had the opposite effect. Furthermore, TaTIP41 physically interacted with TaTAP46, another conserved component of TOR signaling. Like TaTIP41, TaTAP46 positively regulated drought tolerance. Furthermore, TaTIP41 and TaTAP46 interacted with type‐2A protein phosphatase (PP2A) catalytic subunits, such as TaPP2A‐2, and inhibited their enzymatic activities. Silencing TaPP2A‐2 improved drought tolerance in wheat. Together, our findings provide new insights into the roles of TaTIP41 and TaTAP46 in the drought tolerance and ABA response in wheat, and their potential application in improving wheat environmental adaptability.
The neuroanatomy and pneumaticity of Hamadasuchus (Crocodylomorpha, Peirosauridae) from the Cretaceous of Morocco and its paleoecological significance for altirostral forms
Authors: Pochat‐Cottilloux Yohan , Rinder Nicolas , Perrichon Gwendal , Adrien Jérôme , Amiot Romain , Hua Stéphane , Martin Jeremy E.
Published: June 2023

We describe the endocranial structures of Hamadasuchus, a peirosaurid crocodylomorph from the late Albian‐Cenomanian Kem Kem group of Morocco. The cranial endocast, associated nerves and arteries, endosseous labyrinths, and cranial pneumatization, as well as the bones of the braincase of a new specimen, are reconstructed and compared with extant and fossil crocodylomorphs, which represent different lifestyles. Cranial bones of this specimen are identified as belonging to Hamadasuchus, with close affinities with Rukwasuchus yajabalijekundu, another peirosaurid from the ‘middle’ Cretaceous of Tanzania. The endocranial structures are comparable to those of R. yajabalijekundu but also to baurusuchids and sebecids (sebecosuchians). Paleobiological traits of Hamadasuchus, such as alert head posture, ecology, and behavior are explored for the first time, using quantitative metrics. The expanded but narrow semi‐circular canals and enlarged pneumatization of the skull of Hamadasuchus are linked to a terrestrial lifestyle. Continuing work on the neuroanatomy of supposedly terrestrial crocodylomorphs needs to be broadened to other groups and will allow to characterize whether some internal structures are affected by the lifestyle of these organisms.
Conceptualising relational care from an Indigenous Māori perspective: A scoping review
Authors: Pene Bobbie‐Jo , Gott Merryn , Clark Terryann C. , Slark Julia
Published: June 2023

Objective

To identify and describe the attributes of relational care from an Indigenous Māori healthcare consumer perspective.

Data Sources

CINAHL Plus, Ovid MEDLINE, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health, Scopus, New Zealand Index, the Ministry of Health Library, New Zealand Research and Google Scholar were searched between 23 and 30 May 2022.

Methods

This scoping review used the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews, thematic analysis and the Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence for practice and Research recommendations framework for the synthesis of the findings.

Results

A total of 1449 records were identified, and 10 sources were selected for final review. We identified five relational attributes that were most important to Māori: (1) the expressive behaviours and characteristics of healthcare professionals (HCPs), (2) communication to facilitate the healthcare partnership, (3) appreciating differing worldviews, (4) the context in which healthcare is delivered and (5) whanaungatanga (meaningful relationships).

Conclusion

The relational attributes identified are inextricably linked. Connecting with HCPs and developing a therapeutic relationship is fundamental to improving consumer experience and engagement with mainstream healthcare services. Whanaungatanga is fundamental to meaningful engagements with HCPs. Future research should explore how relational care is practiced in acute care settings when clinician–consumer interactions are time‐limited, examine how the health system influences the capacity for relational care and how Indigenous and Western paradigms can co‐exist in healthcare.

Implications

This scoping review can inform future projects addressing health equity for Indigenous communities by creating environments that prioritise culturally safe relational care and value Indigenous knowledge systems.

Reporting Method

We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) Checklist.

No Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride in arresting dental caries in residents living in nursing homes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shakir Hala , Marwaha Rochisha Singh , Shah Pankil , Challa Suman
Published: June 2023

Objective

The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effectiveness of a single application of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution in arresting and controlling active accessible caries compared to no treatment among adults aged 18 years and older residing in nursing homes or long‐term care facilities. Many patients cannot receive standard‐of‐care dental treatment due to their medical conditions and inability to undergo anesthesia. All teeth in the control group will be treated with SDF at the conclusion of the study.

Methods

This study enrolled 39 adults aged 18 or older with 188 active lesions from nine San Antonio, Texas, nursing home facilities. Teeth were randomized and divided into two treatment and control groups. Each treatment tooth was paired with a control in the same oral cavity. Accessible carious lesions were treated with a single application of 38% SDF solution. Teeth were re‐evaluated at 3 weeks where control groups also received SDF treatment.

Results

The treatment group demonstrated caries arrest in 77 (81.9%) teeth compared to 0 in the control group (0%). Notably, within the treatment group 14 of the 17 teeth with no caries arrest were posterior teeth (82.4%).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that a single application of 38% SDF solution is an effective measure for arresting and controlling caries compared to standard oral hygiene maintenance. Our research team recommends the regular use of a single application of SDF solution in marginalized populations given the possible public health, oral health, social, and economic benefits.
Obstructive sleep apnea and cognitive functioning in the older general population: The moderating effect of age, sex, ApoE4, and obesity
Authors: Marchi Nicola Andrea , Berger Mathieu , Solelhac Geoffroy , Bayon Virginie , Haba‐Rubio José , Legault Julie , Thompson Cynthia , Gosselin Nadia , Vollenweider Peter , Marques‐Vidal Pedro , von Gunten Armin , Strippoli Marie‐Pierre Françoise , Preisig Martin , Draganski Bogdan , Heinzer Raphael
Published: June 2023

Research on the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and cognitive functioning has yielded conflicting results, particularly in the older population, and moderators of this association have rarely been studied. Here we investigated the cross‐sectional association between obstructive sleep apnea and cognitive functioning as well as the moderating effect of age, sex, apolipoprotein E4, and obesity on this association among community‐dwelling older people. We analysed data from 496 participants (71.4 ± 4.4 years; 45.6% men) of the HypnoLaus study who underwent polysomnography and a battery of neuropsychological tests. The sample was categorised as no‐to‐mild obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index 0–14.9/h; reference), moderate obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index 15.0–29.9/h), or severe obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index ≥30/h). Regression and moderation analyses were performed with adjustment for confounders. Apolipoprotein E4 and obesity moderated the association between severe obstructive sleep apnea and processing speed, whereas no moderating effects were found for age and sex. In apolipoprotein E4 carriers only, severe obstructive sleep apnea was associated with lower performance in Stroop condition 1 (B = 3.13, p = 0.024). In obese participants only, severe obstructive sleep apnea was associated with lower performance in Stroop condition 1 (B = 3.02, p = 0.025) and Stroop condition 2 (B = 3.30, p = 0.034). Severe obstructive sleep apnea was also associated with lower executive function in the whole sample according to Stroop condition 3 (B = 3.44, p = 0.020) and Stroop interference score (B = 0.24, p = 0.006). Our findings support associations of severe obstructive sleep apnea (but not moderate obstructive sleep apnea) with lower performance in processing speed and executive function in the older general population. Apolipoprotein E4 and obesity appear to be vulnerability factors that strengthen the association between severe obstructive sleep apnea and lower performance in processing speed.
Learners Emphasize Their Intrinsic Load if Asked About It First: Communicative Aspects of Cognitive Load Measurement
Authors: Skulmowski Alexander
Published: June 2023

Cognitive load measurement is an important aspect of educational research. Current cognitive load surveys differentiate between intrinsic cognitive load (resulting from the complexity of learning materials) and their extraneous cognitive load (which is increased by a demanding design). In two studies, order effects of cognitive load subscales are demonstrated. Asking learners regarding their intrinsic load first increases their responses concerning this type of load, with little effect on extraneous load ratings. This effect can be replicated even when extraneous load is intentionally induced. This finding has important implications for cognitive load research, as the order of surveys appears to bias cognitive load ratings. As most cognitive load research is conducted to find ways of reducing extraneous load, it may be reasonable to carefully consider whether and when intrinsic load items are included in studies. Generally, the results show that study participants seem to emphasize certain demands, similar to a dialogue.
Democratic values and support for executive power
Authors: Reeves Andrew , Rogowski Jon C.
Published: June 2023

Attempts by elected executives to consolidate power have generated alarm and raised concern about democratic backsliding. We study mass attitudes toward the institutional power of the office of the presidency and argue that individuals' democratic values shape views of executive power. Using data from 26 countries in the Americas and 37 countries in Africa, we find support for our perspective. While supporters of the incumbent president express more favorable views toward executive power, we also show that individuals who express stronger commitments to democracy are less supportive of institutional arrangements that favor the executive. Our results demonstrate that attitudes toward the institutions of government are not shaped only by partisanship and other ephemeral political factors, but also by citizens' core commitments to values over governance.
The next layer: Towards open pedagogy in geospatial education
Authors: Abernathy David Ray
Published: June 2023

Open‐source software and open data are becoming increasingly popular in the teaching and learning of geographic information science. The cost savings that are derived from using free software over proprietary software are one driving factor, yet the move from “closed” to “open” represents much more than financial austerity—it signifies a broader shift in educational philosophy. This article documents the gradual transition of an introductory undergraduate course in geographic information systems from an entirely closed course to one that has become increasingly open. Having completely adopted the first three layers of open—software, data, and educational resources—the course is now turning toward the next layer: embracing the philosophy of open pedagogy.
Producing Indigenous Media
Authors: Montoya Teresa , Baca Angelo , Martinez‐Chavez Teresa , Ramones Ikaika
Published: June 2023

The following dialogue—with Indigenous filmmakers and anthropologists Dr. Angelo Baca (Diné/Hopi), Teresa Martinez‐Chavez (Zapotec), Dr. Teresa Montoya (Diné), and Dr. Ikaika Ramones (Kanaka ʻŌiwi)—charts the ethical protocols and decisions undertaken in the production of documentary films with and within Indigenous communities. These films underscore the significance of prioritizing culturally specific protocols about knowledge production and its attendant impacts on media circulation. Each filmmaker considers the broader colonial legacies that have shaped various representations of Indigenous life and what refusing certain media conventions, such as digital distribution, might mean for theorizing Indigenous media practices in broader anticolonial frameworks.
Comparison of three‐dimensional printed patient‐specific guides versus freehand approach for radial osteotomies in normal dogs: Ex vivo model
Authors: Townsend Adam , Guevar Julien , Oxley Bill , Hetzel Scott , Bleedorn Jason
Published: June 2023

Objective

To compare the accuracy of three‐dimensional (3D) printed patient‐specific guide (PSG) with a freehand (FH) approach for radial osteotomies in ex vivo normal dogs.

Study design

Experimental study.

Animals

Twenty four ex vivo thoracic limb pairs from normal beagle dogs.

Methods

Computed tomography (CT) images were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. Three osteotomies tested (n = 8/group) were: (1) uniplanar 30° frontal plane wedge ostectomy, (2) oblique plane (30° frontal, 15° sagittal) wedge ostectomy, and (3) single oblique plane osteotomy (SOO, 30° frontal, 15° sagittal, and 30° external). Limb pairs were randomized to a 3D PSG or FH approach. The resultant osteotomies were compared with virtual target osteotomies by surface shape‐matching postoperative to the preoperative radii.

Results

The mean ± standard deviation osteotomy angle deviation for all 3D PSG osteotomies (2.8 ± 2.8°, range 0.11–14.1°) was less than for the FH osteotomies (6.4 ± 6.0°, range 0.03–29.7°). No differences were found for osteotomy location in any group. In total, 84% of 3D PSG osteotomies were within 5° deviance from the target compared to 50% of freehand osteotomies.

Conclusion

Three‐dimensional PSG improved FH accuracy of osteotomy angle in select planes and the most complex osteotomy orientation in a normal ex vivo radial model.

Clinical significance

Three‐dimensional PSGs provided more consistent accuracy, which was most notable in complex radial osteotomies. Future work is needed to investigate guided osteotomies in dogs with antebrachial bone deformities.
CPT1C is required for synaptic plasticity and oscillatory activity that supports motor, associative and non‐associative learning
Authors: Iborra‐Lázaro Guillermo , Djebari Souhail , Sánchez‐Rodríguez Irene , Gratacòs‐Batlle Esther , Sánchez‐Fernández Nuria , Radošević Marija , Casals Núria , Navarro‐López Juan de Dios , Soto del Cerro David , Jiménez‐Díaz Lydia
Published: June 2023

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1c (CPT1C) is a neuron‐specific protein widely distributed throughout the CNS and highly expressed in discrete brain areas including the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and different motor regions. Its deficiency has recently been shown to disrupt dendritic spine maturation and AMPA receptor synthesis and trafficking in the hippocampus, but its contribution to synaptic plasticity and cognitive learning and memory processes remains mostly unknown. Here, we aimed to explore the molecular, synaptic, neural network and behavioural role of CPT1C in cognition‐related functions by using CPT1C knockout (KO) mice. CPT1C‐deficient mice showed extensive learning and memory deficits. The CPT1C KO animals exhibited impaired motor and instrumental learning that seemed to be related, in part, to locomotor deficits and muscle weakness but not to mood alterations. In addition, CPT1C KO mice showed detrimental hippocampus‐dependent spatial and habituation memory, most probably attributable to inefficient dendritic spine maturation, impairments in long‐term plasticity at the CA3–CA1 synapse and aberrant cortical oscillatory activity. In conclusion, our results reveal that CPT1C is not only crucial for motor function, coordination and energy homeostasis, but also has a crucial role in the maintenance of learning and memory cognitive functions.

image

Key points

CPT1C, a neuron‐specific interactor protein involved in AMPA receptor synthesis and trafficking, was found to be highly expressed in the hippocampus, amygdala and various motor regions.

CPT1C‐deficient animals exhibited energy deficits and impaired locomotion, but no mood changes were found.

CPT1C deficiency disrupts hippocampal dendritic spine maturation and long‐term synaptic plasticity and reduces cortical γ oscillations.

CPT1C was found to be crucial for motor, associative and non‐associative learning and memory.
The Kraken Awakens: Exploring the Digital Launch of a New Sport Team Brand During a Global Pandemic
Authors: Armstrong Cole G. , Davies Melissa , Blaszka Matthew , Pegoraro Ann
Published: June 2023

This study explored the public’s response to the digital brand launch of the Seattle Kraken. Informed by agenda-setting theory and through content and social media analyses, the study identified the initial digital sentiment around the brand and the reach of the virtual conversations. The Kraken were able to encourage favorable conversation about the team by setting the agenda and encouraging consumers to engage with content at specific times during launch. In the first hour after brand launch, consumers focused conversation on the team, the logo and color scheme, and the effectiveness of the launch video. In the following 24 hr, the conversation remained positive and focused on how the brand positively represented the city and region. Through agenda setting, the Seattle Kraken were able to effectively launch their new brand while also setting the stage for positive brand-association development.
Metabolic Plasticity Endows Mixotrophic Organisms with High Tolerance to Cadmium and Special Potential for Recovering Cadmium-Contaminated Aquatic Environment
Authors: Zhang Lu , Xu Xiaoqing , Sun Yunfei , Huang Yuan , Yang Zhou
Published: June 2023

Mixotrophs widely living in aquatic ecosystems possess unique ecological roles and strong environmental adaptability due to their plastic metabolic modes; however, little is known about their underlying resistance mechanism and bioremediation potential in response to environmental stresses. For the first time, this work investigated how mixotrophs respond to metal pollutants through physiological, population dynamics, and transcriptional regulation, and highlighted the unique underlying mechanism of mixotrophs to resist and remove heavy metal, thereby advancing our understanding of the potentials of mixotrophs in recovering metal-contaminated aquatic environments.
Socializing at the Air-Liquid Interface: a Functional Genomic Analysis on Biofilm-Related Genes during Pellicle Formation by Escherichia coli and Its Interaction with Aeromonas australiensis
Authors: Xu Zhaohui S. , Zhu Tongbo , Wang Zhiying , Yang Xianqin , Gänzle Michael G.
Published: June 2023

To date, most attention has focused on biofilm formation on solid surfaces. By comparison, the knowledge on pellicle formation at the air-liquid interface is more limited and few studies document how bacteria decide on whether to form biofilms on solid surfaces or pellicles at the air-liquid interface to the surface-associated biofilms at the bottom.
Herpes Simplex Virus-1 ICP27 Nuclear Export Signal Mutants Exhibit Cell Type-Dependent Deficits in Replication and ICP4 Expression
Authors: Sanders Leon Sylvester , Comar Courtney E. , Srinivas Kalanghad Puthankalam , Lalli Joseph , Salnikov Mark , Lengyel Joy , Southern Peter , Mohr Ian , Wilson Angus C. , Rice Stephen A.
Published: June 2023

HSV-1 IE proteins drive productive HSV-1 replication. The major paradigm of IE gene induction, developed over many years, involves the parallel activation of the five IE genes by the viral tegument protein VP16, which recruits the host RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) to the IE gene promoters.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Three
Malassezia
Species
Authors: Rathie Brooke , Theelen Bart , Laurence Martin , Shapiro Rebecca S.
Published: June 2023

The
Malassezia
genus is known to be involved in a variety of skin conditions and has recently been associated with diseases such as Crohn’s disease, pancreatic ductal carcinoma, and breast cancer. This work was completed to assess susceptibility to a variety of antimicrobial drugs on three
Malassezia
species, in particular
Malassezia restricta
, which is an abundant
Malassezia
species both on human skin and internal organs and has been implicated in Crohn’s disease.