bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Konsep Recreational space pada Perancangan Beach Resort di Pulau Pisang Gadang Kota Padang
Authors: Hardi Resty Aprila
Published: January 2025

Pisang Gadang Island is one of the tourist attractions included in the Air Manis Beach Tourist Area in Padang City. According to the Padang City Tourism Office, Air Manis Beach is one of the tourist areas that will be the focus of government improvement in the Gunung Padang Integrated Tourism Destination Improvement Work Programme. With a budget of Rp 15 billion from the state budget (APBN), the Padang city government started the revitalisation of Air Manis Beach in early August last year. This beach has considerable tourism potential, as evidenced by the large number of visitors during holidays and vacations, which is increasing every year. However, the increase in the number of tourists has not been matched by an increase in the number of holiday homes. Based on the need for recreational accommodation in the area to support the natural potential of Pisang Gadang Island, the application of the Recreational space concept to the design of beach resorts with an emphasis on creating accommodation that is enjoyable and makes people feel comfortable. The method used in the design of the beach resort, more emphasis on what problems exist in the design object area, namely in the area of Pisang Island. In addition, there are some literature that can be used and become a standard in the design of beach resort. So that it can produce a beach resort design that is not only able to meet the accommodation needs in South Padang District, but also able to provide recreational facilities with a recreational space approach.
Metode Reverse Circulation Drilling Pada “Approach Bridge” Jembatan Suramadu
Authors: Roejanto Juse , Herol Herol
Published: January 2025

Pemilihan metode pengeboran yang tepat merupakan hal yang sangat penting terutama pada proyek proyek offshore (dikerjakan diatas sungai ataupun laut) yang umumnya mempunyai panjang bor yang dalam serta diameter yang besar. Salah satu metode pengeboran yang ada selain menggunakan “Kelly bar system” yang biasa digunakan pada pengeboran di darat, ada juga pengeboran dengan menggunakan metode sistim “sirkulasi”. Pada bagian “Approach Bridge” dan “Main Bridge” Jembatan Suramadu,  pengeboran yang dipakai menggunakan metode “Sirkulasi”.Pembahasan pada tulisan ini di khususkan pada bagian “Approach Bridge”  dikarenakan panjang bor yang dalam sekitar 80-90 meter serta dari data tanah yang ada kondisi lapisan tanah cukup bervariasi namun secara umum ditemukan  lapisan tanah clay shale, dimana jenis tanah ini sangat sensitive terhadap ganguan pada proses pengeboran serta pengaruh cuaca, maka pada saat proses pengeboran memerlukan slurry stabilizer untuk mencegah kelongsoran dari dinding tiang bor. Slurry stabilizer yang dipakai adalah menggunakan mud dan bentonite. Setelah pembuatan tiang bor selesai maka tiang bor tersebut akan di uji untuk mengetahui daya dukung tiang, pengujian tiang tiang bor dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Osterberg- Cell. Juga dilaksanakan Sonnic Logging test untuk mengetahui integritas tiang bor tersebut.
Applications of Modern Technology in Developing Management Accounting Systems and How They Affect the Organizational Performance
Authors: Alnor Nasareldeen Hamed Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Organizations are progressively using modern technology in the present corporate climate, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchains, to redesign their management accounting systems and aid in justifying decisions. This study evaluates the significant effects of modern technical advancements on accounting and financial performance by examining their application in the creation of management accounting systems. This study explores how management accounting techniques are changing due to a variety of technological tools and platforms, including cloud computing, AI, big data analytics, and advanced software. This study examines how real-time data analysis, predictive modeling, and task automation enabled by modern technologies are transforming traditional management accounting procedures. This affects how well businesses can make decisions, how cost-effective they are, and how well they plan strategically. The difficulties and possibilities of incorporating contemporary technology into management accounting frameworks are covered in this essay, along with their effects on performance and data security, skills gaps, and managing organizational change. Based on an analysis of the study data, the findings presented in this article demonstrate that automating routine tasks with technology such as robotic process automation (RPA) and AI improves organizational performance, lowers the risk of errors, and frees up accountants’ time to work on strategic projects. Predictive analytics and enhanced organizational performance go hand in hand, and management accountants can forecast future patterns and outcomes with more accuracy by utilizing machine-learning algorithms. Can foresee possible hazards and openings, enabling preventive management techniques.
Innovation and Investment Potential of the Digital Entrepreneurship Support Mechanism under the Conditions of Institutional and Structural Changes
Authors: Kraus Kateryna , Kraus Nataliia , Zavolichna Tatiana , Porchuk Petro , Ishchenko Inna
Published: January 2025

The purpose of scientific research is to presentation of the features of investment processes and directions of investment in the conditions of institutional transformation of the national economy as a foundation on which the development of digital entrepreneurship and innovations that change business in the direction of its digitization and virtual mobility are built. The object of scientific research is the process of innovation and investment support for the development of digital entrepreneurship in the conditions of institutional transformation and systemic modernization of business in various sectors of the economy, which can be implemented due to the new quality of functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism of support for entrepreneurship in terms of its digitalization and informatization. Tools contributing to the development of digital entrepreneurship are presented; the author’s vision of the content of the work of the organizational and economic mechanism for supporting business processes of enterprises that are at the stage of digital transformation and system modernization is provided. The dependence of the interest rate and the volume of investments in digital entrepreneurship is graphically presented and revealed with arguments. The practical significance of the research results is that the main postulates of the mechanism of practical support of digital entrepreneurship are explained in an argumentative manner. The factors that depend on the quality of support for the digital entrepreneurship of a virtual business are presented. Features of digital initiatives taking place in the economic system are indicated. The value of the presented research is that it is proposed to include the following regulators in the organizational-economic mechanism of support for digital entrepreneurship: fiscal, political-legal, organizational-technological, financial-economic, and institutional. Pursuing the goal of attracting investments into the economy of Ukraine as soon as possible, it is proposed to implement the mechanism of accelerating digitalization and informatization of entrepreneurship within the framework of the work of the ‘institutional-structural changes – investment potential – innovative and digital development’. The author’s vision of the content of the practical work of the mechanism for supporting digital entrepreneurship is presented and thoroughly disclosed through the use of functions (encouragement, prohibition, support, restriction, inducement, coercion) and tools (‘tax holiday’, preferences for digital business, tax benefits, subsidies, subventions, investment incentives).
The Role of Audit Committee and Institutional Ownership as Moderating: Analysis Fraud Heptagon in Indonesia
Authors: Imang Dapit Pamungkas, Ira Oktavianasari, Fathimah, Adinda Nabila Jasmine
Authors: Pamungkas Imang Dapit , Oktavianasari Ira , Fathimah Fathimah , Jasmine Adinda Nabila
Published: January 2025

This study explores the influence of seven factors: pressure, opportunity, rationalization, capability, arrogance, ignorance, and greed on fraudulent financial statements using the Fraud Heptagon model analysis. Institutional Ownership and the Audit Committee serve as moderating variables. Focusing on state-owned enterprises in Indonesia from 2018 to 2022, purposive sampling produced 141 samples. Regression analysis conducted through Warp PLS software version 8.0 reveals that opportunity, capability, and ignorance hurt fraudulent financial statements, indicating potential mitigating roles. Conversely, pressure, rationalization, arrogance, and greed positively affect fraudulent financial statements. Notably, institutional ownership moderates the correlation between greed and fraudulent financial statements. These findings provide insights into the dynamics of fraudulent financial statement activities, underscoring the necessity for a comprehensive understanding and strong control mechanisms to prevent fraudulent financial statements.
Akių rožinė: etiopatogenezė, klinika, diagnostika ir gydymo naujovės
Authors: Valužytė Eglė , Petkevičius Arūnas
Published: January 2025

Tyrimo tikslas. Išanalizuoti mokslinius tyrimus apie akių rožinės epidemiologiją, etiopatogenezę, kliniką ir gydymo principus. Metodai. Medicinos duomenų bazėje „PubMed“ pagal reikšminius žodžius atrinkti ir išanalizuoti 2003–2023 m. publikuoti straipsniai, atitinkantys įtraukimo į literatūros analizę kriterijus. Rezultatai ir išvados. Pastarųjų metų tyrimai patvirtino, kad akių rožinės etiopatogenezė yra daugialypė, priklausanti nuo genetinių ir aplinkos veiksnių, nervų ir kraujagyslių disfunkcijos, imuninės sistemos reguliacijos sutrikimų bei mikrobiomo poveikio. Akių rožinės gydymas, atsižvelgiant į daugialypę etiologiją, sunkumo laipsnį ir amžių, yra ilgalaikis ir sudėtingas, o geriausias rezultatas pasiekiamas taikant įvairius vietinio ir sisteminio gydymo derinius. Svarbiausi akių rožinės valdymo aspektai – provokuojančių veiksnių pašalinimas ir tinkama akių vokų higiena. Tyrimų duomenys rodo, kad veiksmingiausi akių rožinės gydymo metodai yra vietiniai antimikrobiniai preparatai (ivermektinas, metronidazolis, azitromicinas), ciklosporino akių emulsija, geriamasis doksiciklinas ir intensyvios pulsinės šviesos terapija.
Vaikų, kuriems nustatyta uždegiminė žarnyno liga, klinikinių duomenų analizė Kauno klinikose
Authors: Gudynaitė Adelė , Petrikėnė Rūta , Kučinskienė Rūta
Published: January 2025

Tyrimo tikslas. Įvertinti Kauno klinikose gydytų vaikų, kuriems 2017–2022 m. diagnozuota uždegiminė žarnyno liga, demografinius savitumus ir klinikines charakteristikas Kauno klinikose bei pateikti rekomendacijas šeimos gydytojams. Metodika. Retrospektyviai išanalizuotos 2017–2022 m. hospitalizuotų vaikų, kuriems diagnozuota Krono liga arba opinis kolitas, ligos istorijos. Duomenys surinkti peržiūrint medicininius įrašus. Rezultatai. Tyrime dalyvavusių moteriškosios ir vyriškosios lyties pacientų santykis buvo atitinkamai 55,2 ir 44,8 proc. 50 pacientų (86,2 proc.) diagnozės nustatymo metu buvo sulaukę 10–17 metų amžiaus, aštuoni pacientai (13,8 proc.) – 2–10 metų amžiaus. 28 pacientams (48,3 proc.) diagnozuotas opinis kolitas, 30 pacientų (51,7 proc.) – Krono liga. Dažniausia opinio kolito forma buvo pankolitas (53,3 proc.), Krono ligos – enteritas (39,3 proc.). Dažniausiai pasireiškę simptomai buvo kraujas išmatose (63,2 proc.), viduriavimas (61,4 proc.) ir pilvo skausmas (42,1 proc.). Simptomų trukmė varijavo nuo 2 mėn. iki dvejų metų, trečdalis pacientų (31,4 proc.) simptomus jautė 2–6 mėn. iki kreipiantis į gydymo įstaigą. Analizuojant komplikacijas pastebėta, kad geležies stygiaus anemija buvo dažniausiai nustatyta komplikacija, pasireiškianti 53,4 proc. atvejų (nuo lengvos (61,3 proc.) iki sunkios (3,2 proc.). Išvados. Daugumai vaikų, sergančių uždegimine žarnyno liga, diagnostikos metu nustatytas išplitęs žarnyno uždegimas. Didelis geležies stygiaus anemijos paplitimas tarp vaikų, sergančių uždegimine žarnyno liga, pabrėžia būtinybę šeimos gydytojams išlikti budriems, atpažįstant šios komplikacijos požymius.
Neurologinės kilmės rijimo sutrikimų ir disartrijos diagnostika ir gydymas. Klinikinis atvejis
Authors: Simanonienė Alma
Published: January 2025

Straipsnyje pateikiamas klinikinis atvejis. Pacientui pasireiškė rijimo ir kalbos sutrikimai bei kiti neurologiniai simptomai, susiję su lėtine smegenų išemija. Taikytas gydymas cholinesterazės inhibitoriumi ipidakrino hidrochloridu reikšmingai pagerino rijimo funkciją ir sumažino springimo epizodų dažnį. Gydant tokio pobūdžio neurologinius sutrikimus svarbūs individualūs diagnostiniai ir terapiniai sprendimai, o cholinesterazės inhibitoriai gali būti veiksminga gydymo priemonė.
THE CONCEPT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ITS PLACE IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Authors:   Department of Methods of Teaching Exact and Natural Sciences 13.00.02 - Theory and Methods of Education and Training (Technological Education) Independent Researcher, Namangan State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan, kizi Soliyeva Gulkhayo Khoshimjon
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the concept of entrepreneurship, its essence and place in the education system. The role of entrepreneurship in economic and social development, as well as the importance of forming entrepreneurial skills in the education system, is highlighted. The authors pay special attention to the integration of entrepreneurship into the educational process, the development of creativity, independence and responsibility in students through innovative approaches and modern curricula. The article also provides recommendations on the existing problems of developing entrepreneurship in the education system and ways to solve them.
MIDDLE EUPHRATES UNIVERSITY-FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY NAJAF CONSTRUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION DEPARTMENT: A STUDY OF HIS ANALYSIS ON THE EMERGENCE OF THE ANCIENT CITY OF NAJAF AND ITS URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Engineering Technical College / Najaf, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Najaf, Iraq, Ali Deyaa Kareem
Published: January 2025

There are natural and human factors that contributed to the emergence, growth and development of the city in a place devoid of resources, and a marginal desert location far from water, where there are no population attractions.The study of these factors confirmed the characteristics of the locality and location and their connection with the structure, existence and development of the city. Despite the importance of this factor in the emergence of Najaf, however, its role was weak compared to the relative impact of other factors, because the city of Najaf could not have continued and developed in such a position and location, in which the elements and components of the city are not available without the presence of other factors with a stronger and more effective impact, as well as the location takes a gradual elevation from East to West, so it is very difficult to dig open streams to deliver water This explains the factors and reasons that prompted the ancient inhabitants of Najaf to adopt certain types of ancient land uses, such as digging wells, creating underground rooms (basements), digging canals and shelters, erecting fences and Khans .the study showed that the religious factor was the main factor in the emergence of the city and giving it a religious character.
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE IN LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES OF PARTIES (C. O. P) AND ITS IMPACT ON THE CLIMATE OF IRAQ
Authors:   Republic of Iraq, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research College of Education for Girls, Geographic of Department, Iraq, Al ــ Mousawi Emeritus Prof. Dr. Ali Sahib Talib
Published: January 2025

Climate changes and the effects that accompanied them and accompany them have become the main concern of the countries of the world in recent years, after they became an indisputable scientific fact, and a tangible reality that the countries of the world suffer from. First, they are not defined by geographical or political borders, and they are no less dangerous than wars and armed conflicts, but they are more influential second, as there is no country immune to the consequences of climate change, and developing countries, including our dear Iraq, remain at the forefront of the countries most affected by the effects of climate change, as the list of the governmental body concerned with climate change confirms.
Anlam Psikolojisi
Authors: Özen Yener
Published: January 2025

-
Adli Psikoloji
Authors: Özen Yener
Published: January 2025

-
Total synthesis of (±)-Simonsol C using acid-induced dearomatization as key reaction
Authors: Bi Xiao-Yang , Yang Xiao-Shuai , Chen Shan-Shan , Sui Jia-Jun , Cai Zhao-Nan , Chuan Yong-Ming , Qin Hong-Bo
Published: January 2025

Total synthesis of (±)-simonsol C was accomplished using a dearomatization under acidic condition as key step to construct aryl containing quaternary center. The 6/5/6 benzofuran unit was formed through reductive elimination with Zn/AcOH and a spontaneous oxy-Michael addition.  This synthesis consists of 8 steps and achieves an overall yield of 13%, making it the shortest known route.
Uso de las TIC para Fortalecer la Resiliencia Académica en Estudiantes de Media: Un Modelo Didáctico en Soacha, Colombia
Authors: Vargas Moreno Jeny Gicela , Macea-Anaya Mario
Published: January 2025

Este estudio presenta un modelo didáctico innovador que integra las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) como herramientas clave para fortalecer la resiliencia académica en estudiantes de educación media del municipio de Soacha, Colombia. A través de un diseño de investigación proyectiva y un enfoque holístico, se analizó la relación entre el uso de las TIC y el desarrollo de competencias resilientes como la autoestima, la adaptabilidad y el manejo emocional. Los resultados evidenciaron una correlación moderada entre estas variables, destacando la importancia de un enfoque pedagógico que combine recursos tecnológicos, estrategias emocionales y participación familiar. El modelo propuesto incluye fases de diagnóstico, diseño, implementación y evaluación, promoviendo actividades colaborativas y el acceso a plataformas interactivas. Se concluye que las TIC, cuando se utilizan de manera intencional, pueden cerrar brechas educativas y fomentar el bienestar integral de los estudiantes en contextos vulnerables. Este trabajo proporciona una base teórica y práctica para el diseño de estrategias educativas inclusivas y sostenibles.
Sistema de Maduración de frutas Mediante la Implementación de Arduino
Authors: Ascencio Bello Pedro José , Feliciano Morales Severino , Aranda Benito Roberto
Published: January 2025

Los agricultores mexicanos, expertos en siembra y cosecha, enfrentan el desafío de la maduración. El carburo de calcio, método tradicional, aunque rápido, es riesgoso para la salud. Para solventar esto, se propone un sistema de maduración de frutas basado en Arduino. Este sistema, mediante una resistencia de calor controlada por Arduino, regula la temperatura y humedad dentro de una caja donde se coloca la fruta. Reemplaza al carburo de calcio, ofreciendo un proceso más seguro y eficiente. El proyecto beneficia a agricultores de bajos recursos, permitiéndoles madurar sus frutas de forma rápida y segura, reduciendo pérdidas económicas y mejorando la calidad de vida.
Análisis de Desempeño de Diferentes Arquitecturas de Redes Neuronales Convolucionales (CNN) para Clasificación Automática de Desechos Sólidos
Authors: Ortiz Mata Jhonny Darwin , Oleas Velez Xiomara Jael , Dager López David Elías , Moyolema Amboya Marcia Maribel
Published: January 2025

El rápido aumento en la generación de residuos sólidos ha dado lugar a gigantescos desafíos medioambientales, algunas de las razones son: el crecimiento de la población, el consumo masivo y las prácticas poco adecuadas de gestión de residuos. Es necesario abordar estos problemas para lograr un desarrollo sostenible y una economía circular. Los métodos tradicionales de gestión de residuos han quedado obsoletos y se necesitan soluciones innovadoras que incorporen tecnologías con inteligencia artificial. Este trabajo describe la clasificación automática de residuos sólidos basada en arquitecturas CNN con alta precisión y eficiencia en la clasificación en tiempo real. Se evalúan varias arquitecturas de CNN, VGG16-BN, ResNet50, Inception V3, Xception y MobileNetV3 Large, entre los materiales de desechos están plástico, vidrio, metal, cartón y papel. Los resultados muestran que MobileNetV3 Large FT es la arquitectura más eficaz, alcanzando la mayor precisión con un 96.89% y la menor pérdida con un 10.87%, destacando tanto en precisión de clasificación como en eficiencia computacional. Este trabajo pone de relieve hasta qué punto los modelos de IA basados en CNN pueden contribuir a mejorar la clasificación de residuos, reduciendo los errores humanos y ayudando potencialmente a mantener la sostenibilidad medioambiental.
Detección de Enterobacterias en Hortalizas Expendidas en Mercados Populares de dos Municipios de Guerrero
Authors: Bautista Romero Katia Lizett , Hernández Cruz Elías , Poblete López Tomas Manuel , Cruz Navarrete Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos constituyen un importante problema en la salud pública a nivel mundial. Se ha registrado contaminación de alimentos vegetales con diversos patógenos bacterianos asociados a estas enfermedades. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y caracterizar bioquímicamente especies de enterobacterias en hortalizas de consumo fresco expendidos en mercados populares de Tixtla y Zumpango, Guerrero y comparar la presencia de estas en los diferentes tipos de hortalizas. Se colectaron 100 muestras de hortalizas en dos mercados populares, en Tixtla y Zumpango del río, Guerrero. Las cepas seleccionadas fueron purificadas y posteriormente identificadas en el sistema vitek II.  Se registró la presencia de siete géneros de Enterobacterias, de los cuales, Salmonella, Escherichia y Shigella fueron los más frecuentes. El 79% de las hortalizas evaluadas presentaron enterobacterias, siendo el género Salmonella el más frecuente. Encontrándose principalmente en la lechuga, seguida del cilantro, sin embargo, no hubo diferencias significativas entre las diferentes hortalizas. Este estudio registra la presencia de microorganismos reportados como agentes causales de enfermedades en alimentos frescos, mostrando la relevancia del cuidado en el cultivo y procesamiento de estos alimentos.
KHAJYA NAIK AS A FREEDOM FIGHTER
Authors: Raut Ramesh
Published: January 2025

History is important for every nation. Therefore, the history of the nation will not be forgotten. On the other hand, the nations which are aware of history and behave like that have emerged as developed nations today. Similarly, the history of India is also glorious. Today we are enjoying freedom due to many sacrifices. The contribution of many freedom fighters is important for this. The contribution of some has been highlighted while others are yet to be recorded. The sacrifices of such great martyrs cannot be forgotten. The Indian freedom struggle has to be reminded again and again. But this memory has to be done in the form of reinvention. But for this first of all one has to acquire knowledge of military history. Justice has to be adopted on the basis of knowledge and thoughts. There has to be a combination of thought and action. The nation will become strong if the citizen starts following the footsteps of the right history. To make the nation strong, the need to realize the true history has arisen today. The contribution of many freedom fighters in the Indian freedom struggle has not yet reached the common people. Among them is Khajya Naik from the tribal community. “Along with the great men, the tribal revolutionaries were always in the forefront of the Indian freedom struggle” . Many people sacrificed their lives but the history of tribal struggle and revolutionaries has never been revealed till now, it is a great tragedy of Indian history. “Khandesh province” and “Satpura gave many great tribal fighters to the country” . One of those names is Veer Bahadur “Khajya Naik” lost in the pages of history and forever neglected.Whenever one gets to hear the success stories of this warrior, one gets goosebumps. Khajya Naik was immortalized by the booty that was handed down under the nose of the British and his leadership in the freedom struggle of 1857.
GROWTH, PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN TAMIL NADU: SOCIO- ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Sarkar Sukanta , Keat Thijien Tharjiath , Gebrie Belete Debasu
Published: January 2025

The paper discussed growth, prospects and challenges of sustainable tourism in Tamil Nadu. It has been found that Tamil Nadu is a popular destination among the tourist due to its natural landscape, azure beaches, delicious cuisine unique culture lush hill stations, diverse wildlife, festivals, rivers and unique pilgrim centeres. It is home of beautiful hill stations, caves, mountains, waterfalls, and lakes. There is a wide variety of wildlife sanctuaries and national parks. Madurai, Kanchipuram, Velankanni, Auroville, Trichy, Rameshwaram, Kanyakumari and Thanjavur are popular religious places. Growth of medical tourism in Tamil Nadu is impressive. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, domestic tourism has shown a steady recovery. Tourism sector is a growing sector in Tamil Nadu. It has contributed more in the economy of the state. This study is descriptive in design and has utilized qualitative and quantitative approaches. The state has positive prospect in rural tourism, agricultural tourism, heritage tourism, eco-tourism, cultural tourism, advantages tourism, sports tourism, and agro-tourism. Tamil Nadu Tourism department is also planning to collaborate with the Tamil Nadu Development Corporation to introduce a tourism hospitality skill development and certification programme. Government is planning to advertise its hospitality services on various travel platforms to inform travellers.
જ્ઞાતિ અને મતદાન - એક સમાજશાસ્ત્રીય અભ્યાસ
(ધોળકા તાલુકાના કરિયાણા ગામના સંદર્ભમાં)
Authors: પટેલ સંજય સી. , પટેલ સંગીતા
Published: January 2025

ભારત દેશમાં આજે પણ ગ્રામીણ વસ્તી વધારે જોવા મળે છે. ગ્રામીણ સમુદાયમાં જ્ઞાતિનું મહત્વ આજે પણ જોવા મળે છે. જ્ઞાતિ અને મતદાન એકબીજા સાથે જોડાયેલા છે. મતદાનની પ્રક્રિયામાં જ્ઞાતિ મહત્વનો ભાગ ભજવે છે. પ્રસ્તુત અભ્યાસમાં જ્ઞાતિ અને મતદાનને સમજવા માટે કરિયાણા ગામની વર્ષ ૨૦૧૭,૨૦૧૯ અને ૨૦૨૨ની મતદાર યાદીનો આધાર લેવામાં આવ્યો છે. મતદારીયાદીને આધારે મતદારોની સંખ્યા જાણવાનો પ્રયાસ કરવામાં આવ્યો છે. તેમાં સ્ત્રી મતદારો અને પુરુષ મતદારોની સંખ્યાને આધારે જાણવા મળે છે કે કરિયાણા ગામમાં મતદારોની સંખ્યા સતત વધતી જાય છે. તેમાં સ્ત્રી મતદારોની સંખ્યા પુરુષ મતદારોની સમકક્ષ પહોંચી છે. જે લોકશાહી શાસન વ્યવસ્થામાં સ્ત્રીઓની વધતી ભાગીદારી સૂચવે છે.મતદારોની ઉંમરને આધારે ત્રણેય મતદાર યાદીઓમાં સરેરાશ ૪૩ ટકા જેટલા યુવા મતદારો છે. ત્રણેય મતદાર યાદીને આધારે જોઈ શકાય છે કે ૫૧ થી ૬૫ વર્ષના મતદારોમાં વધારો થયો છે. જ્યારે ૬૫ વર્ષથી વધારે ઉંમર ધરાવતા મતદારોની સંખ્યામાં ઘટાડો થતો જોવા મળે છે. જ્ઞાતિ આધારિત બાબત જોઈએ તો સામાજીક અને શૈક્ષણિક રીતે પછાત વર્ગમાં સમાવિષ્ટ જ્ઞાતિના લોકોના મતદારોમાં સતત વધારો થતો જાય છે. પ્રસ્તુત અભ્યાસમાં જ્ઞાતિ અને મતદાનને વિવિધ બાબતોને અનુલક્ષીને સમજાવવાનો પ્રયાસ કરવામાં આવ્યો છે.
DATA MINING IN ELECTRONIC (E-COMMERCE): BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Padhiyar Akshaykumar
Published: January 2025

Large amounts of both structured and unstructured data, sometimes known as "big data," these days offer prospects for businesses, particularly those engaged in electronic commerce (e-commerce). The customer's internal operations, vendors, marketplaces, and business environment are the sources of the data. The three common algorithms of association, grouping, and prediction are included in the data mining (DM) process for e-commerce presented in this work. Additionally, it outlines some of the advantages of data mining (DM) for online retailers, including the ability to use the three algorithms to do market segmentation, basket analysis, item planning, sales forecasting, and customer relationship management.
This paper's primary goal is to examine how data mining is used in e-commerce, with a particular emphasis on structured and unstructured data that is gathered from a variety of sources and cloud computing services. This will help to demonstrate the value of data mining. Additionally, this study assesses some of the difficulties associated with data mining, such as spider detection, data transformations, and providing business users with an understandable data model. Additional difficulties in accommodating the slowly changing dimensions of data, as well as facilitating data transformation and model building for business users, are also assessed.
This article also offers e-commerce organizations that own vast amounts of data a clear roadmap on how to leverage that data for company improvement, making them more competitive with their rivals.
MODERN LITERATURE THROUGH THE LENS OF DIGITAL HUMANITIES
Authors: Bhatt Chintan B
Published: January 2025

Since the 19th century, computers have been used to evaluate information from studies specifically in humanities and arts fields including history, literature. Humanities computing, sometimes known as digital humanities, is a branch of study, research, teaching, and invention that focuses on the interface of computer and the humanities' disciplines. The swift proliferation of digital technology across nearly all domains is profoundly influencing literary expressions, and digital literature, at different institutions, colleges, and universities. This research paper's goal is to present a thorough literary analysis and the digital humanities in the technological era. It is now simpler to use e-books, publish literature independently, and connect with people worldwide thanks to digital innovation in the humanities. This paper will discuss about the digital humanities' growth in literary expression and digitization in the current research paper.
CONSUMERS’ PERCEPTION TOWARDS ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY PRODUCTS.
Authors: T Ningappa , - Siddappa
Published: January 2025

In recent years, there has been a significant surge in the demand for environmentally friendly products, as customers are becoming increasingly conscious of their impact on the environment. These eco-friendly products not only contribute to a healthier lifestyle but also highlight the significance of sustainability. Undoubtedly, the relevance of eco-friendly products will continue to rise, occupying a central position in the market in the years to come. Consequently, consumer perception towards eco-friendly products is expected to shift, although at a slow pace. The purpose of this study is to examine consumers’ perception towards eco-friendly products. To gain insights into consumers’ perception, the Shivamogga City of Karnataka state has been chosen as the research location. The study results revealed that consumers’ perceived eco-friendly products are good to the environment and society, these products save natural resources, high price, and not well promoted by the marketers. In addition, the study also found and revealed that there is similar perception towards eco-friendly products across socio-demographic characteristics.
ગર્ભસંસ્કાર કેન્દ્રમાં ચાલતી વિવિધ પ્રવૃત્તિઓ પૈકી “ગર્ભસંવાદ” પ્રવૃત્તિ વિશે ભાવિ માતાપિતાના અભિપ્રાયોનો અભ્યાસ
Authors: ઉપાધ્‍યાય રૂપમ બી.
Published: January 2025

પાયાના તબક્કા માટે રાષ્ટ્રીય માળખું – ૨૦૨૨માં વર્ણિત છે કે એક વ્યક્તિના વિકાસ માટે તેના જીવનના શરૂઆતના આઠ વર્ષો અતિમહત્ત્વપૂર્ણ છે. આ જીવનના શરૂઆતના આઠ વર્ષો એટલે બાળક જન્મે ત્યારથી નહિ અપિતુ આપણા શાસ્ત્રોમાં વર્ણિત છે તે મુજબ ગર્ભાધાનથી લઈને આઠ વર્ષ સુધીનો સમયગાળો. આયુર્વેદના મતે તો ગર્ભાધાન પૂર્વે જ આવનાર શિશુને સંસ્કારિત કરવાની તૈયારી કરવી જોઈએ. ગર્ભાધાન બાદ નવ માસ દરમિયાન જ્યારે ગર્ભ માતાના ઉદરમાં વિકાસ પામી રહ્યો છે ત્યારથી જ તેને શિક્ષિત અને સંસ્કારિત કરવાની પ્રક્રિયા શરૂ થઈ જાય છે. બાળકને ગર્ભસંસ્કારિત કરવાની પરંપરા ભારતમાં અતિપ્રાચીન છે. વર્તમાનમાં આ પરંપરાને ધ્યાનમાં રાખીને ભારતમાં અનેક ગર્ભસંસ્કાર કેન્દ્રો કાર્યરત છે. આ ગર્ભસંસ્કાર કેન્દ્રોમાં વિવિધ ક્રિયાકલાપોના માધ્યમથી ગર્ભના શિક્ષણ અને વિકાસ સંદર્ભે કાર્ય થઈ રહ્યું છે. આવું જ ગર્ભસંસ્કાર માટેનું કાર્ય ગુજરાતમાં ગુજરાત સરકાર દ્વારા સ્થાપિત ચિલ્ડ્રન્સ રીસર્ચ યુનિવર્સિટીમાં પણ થઈ રહ્યું છે. આ ઉપરાંત અન્ય ખાનગી સંસ્થા અને NGO પણ આ કાર્ય કરી રહ્યાં છે. ચિલ્ડ્રન્સ રીસર્ચ યુનિવર્સિટીમાં તપોવન વિભાગ અંતર્ગત ગર્ભસંસ્કાર સંબંધિત વિવિધ ક્રિયાકલાપો કરાવવામાં આવે છે. જેમાં પ્રાર્થના, તપોવન ગીત, સંગીત, ચિત્રકલા, વિઝ્યુલાઇઝેશન, સૂક્ષ્મ કસરતો-વ્યાયામ, યોગાભ્યાસ, સંસ્કૃત સંભાષણ, વૈદિક ગણિત, ગર્ભ સંવાદ, કોયડાઓ અથવા બ્રેઈન ગેમ અને આર્ટ-ક્રાફ્ટનો સમાવેશ થાય છે. આ તમામ પ્રવૃત્તિઓ પૈકી ગર્ભસંવાદ એક અનોખી પ્રવૃત્તિ છે જેના દ્વારા માતા-પિતા તેમજ પરિવારજનો ગર્ભમાં પાંગરી રહેલા શિશુ સાથે વાતો કરે છે. આથી સંશોધકે ગર્ભસંસ્કાર કેન્દ્રમાં ચાલતી વિવિધ પ્રવૃત્તિઓ પૈકી “ગર્ભસંવાદ” પ્રવૃત્તિ વિશે ભાવિ માતાપિતાના અભિપ્રાયોનો અભ્યાસ કરવાની વિચારણા કરી. પ્રસ્તુત સંશોધનનો મુખ્ય હેતુ તપોવન ગર્ભસંસ્કારમાં ચાલતી વિવિધ પ્રવૃત્તિઓ પૈકી “ગર્ભસંવાદ” પ્રવૃત્તિ વિશે ગર્ભવતી બહેનો અને તેમના પતિઓના અભિપ્રાયોનો અભ્યાસ કરવો તેમજ ગર્ભસંવાદ પ્રવૃત્તિ વિશેના અભિપ્રાયો પર ગર્ભવતી બહેનોના કુટુંબના પ્રકાર, વિષય પ્રવાહ અને વ્યવસાયની અસરનો અભ્યાસ કરવાનો હતો. પ્રસ્તુત સંશોધનમાં ગુજરાત રાજ્યમાં ચાલતા વિવિધ ગર્ભસંસ્કાર કેન્દ્રોનો લાભ લેતી તમામ ગર્ભવતી મહિલાઓ આ સંશોધનનું વ્યાપવિશ્વ હતા. નિદર્શ તરીકે ચિલ્ડ્રન્સ રીસર્ચ યુનિવર્સિટી, ગાંધીનગરમાં કાર્યરત તપોવન વિભાગની ગર્ભસંસ્કાર પ્રવૃત્તિઓમાં સામેલ તેમજ સમર્થ ગર્ભ વિજ્ઞાન અને અનુસંધાન કેન્દ્રના ૬૧ લાભાર્થીઓને બિનસંભાવ્ય નિદર્શ પદ્ધતિ અંતર્ગત સાનુકૂળ નિદર્શ પદ્ધતિથી પસંદ કરવામાં આવ્યા હતા. ઉપકરણ તરીકે “ગર્ભસંવાદ અભિપ્રાયાવલિ” ની રચના સંશોધક દ્વારા કરવામાં આવી હતી. માહિતીનું વિશ્લેષણ Mann Whitney U Test દ્વારા કરવામાં આવ્યું હતું. પ્રસ્તુત સંશોધનના તારણોમાં જોવા મળ્યું કે ગર્ભસંવાદની પ્રવૃત્તિ વિશે મોટાભાગની ગર્ભવતી સ્ત્રીઓ અને તેમના પતિના અભિપ્રાયો સકારાત્મક હતા. આ ઉપરાંત ગર્ભસંવાદની પ્રવૃત્તિ પર કુટુંબના પ્રકાર, વિષયના પ્રવાહ અને વ્યવસાયની અસર જોવા મળી ન હતી.
'ઘેર જતાં’ નિબંધસંગ્રહમાં પ્રગટ થતી સર્જકની નિરીક્ષણ દૃષ્ટિ.
Authors: પરમાર સંજયભાઈ એમ.
Published: January 2025

સર્જક અને નિબંધનો સંબંધ સિક્કાઓની બે બાજુ સમાન છે એટલાં માટે કે નિબંધમાં તેનાં સર્જકની છબી જોવા મળે છે. અહીં જે નિબંધો વિશે મેં વિશ્લેષણ કર્યું છે તે નિબંધમાં પણ સર્જક જોવા મળે છે. આ નિબંધો કૉલમની નિપજ છે. ચિંતનાત્મક નિબંધ એ આત્મલક્ષી કરતાં ભાવકલક્ષી વધું બનતો જોવા મળે છે તેમ અહીં આપેલાં નિબંધોમાં ભાવક કેન્દ્રમાં છે. માનવજીવન અને જગતમાં સુખી અને સંતોષકારક જીવન જીવવા માટેનો કિમિયો અહીં નિબંધમાં જોવા મળે છે. ઘણાં નિબંધમાં ભાવકને સંબોધીને સર્જક વાત કરી રહ્યા હોય તેવી પ્રતીતિ થાય છે. એકંદરે સર્જકનું વ્યક્તિત્વ આ નિબંધોમાં ગૌણ છે મૂળ જે વિષય છે તે તરફ સર્જક વધું સજાગ રહ્યાં છે. આ નિબંધો મનુષ્યની. સર્વકાલીન બાબતોને પ્રસ્તુત કરે છે, ટૂંકમાં નિબંધસંગ્રહ સર્જકના વિચાર વર્તુળનો દ્યોતક છે. સાંપ્રત સમયમાં લખાતાં નિબંધોમાં આ એક ઉમેરણ છે.
STUDYING THE IMPACT OF PAST SECRETS AND COMPLICATED PRESENT IN SHARON DRAPER’S JUST ANOTHER HERO
Authors: Hashem Wahad Kalil , Thakar Rishi A.
Published: January 2025

The intricate lives of young adults, at times, are outcomes of a maze of tangled agonies and anguishes embedded in their consciousness. Author Sharon Draper, with great dexterity, has connected the past of the characters that influence their behaviors in the present, which are results of psychological effects. With characters of diverse backgrounds in a senior school, the plot sheds light on the circumstances they have faced and the challenges that they encounter in leading normal lives in the present. The efforts of the characters to break the shackles of the past experiences while living in the present, tests their stoicism to the limits, and offers a chance to understand their situations as a reward.
સાંપ્રત સામાજિક પ્રશ્નો અને ગાંધી દર્શન
(CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL ISSUES AND GANDHIAN PHILOSOPHY)
Authors: બ્રહ્મભટ્ટ ભુપેન્દ્ર
Published: January 2025

માનવસમાજની શરૂઆતથી સમાજમાં સામાજિક પ્રશ્નો જોવા મળે છે. માનવીએ ચિંતન-દર્શન દ્વારા તે પ્રશ્નોનો ઉકેલ પણ લાવવા પ્રયાસ કર્યો છે. સમય સ્થળ મુજબ સામાજિક પ્રશ્નો બદલાતા રહ્યા છે અથવા પ્રશ્નોનું સ્વરૂપ બદલાતું રહ્યું છે એ મુજબ આજે ૨૧મી સદીના સાંપ્રત પ્રશ્નો જેવા કે સામાજિક-આર્થિક,લૈંગિક,ધાર્મિક અસમાનતા ગંભીર બની રહી છે તો તેના પરિણામ સ્વરૂપ સંઘર્ષ, વિખવાદ, અજંપો અને સ્વઆંદોલન વધ્યા છે. આજે દેશમાં ચારે બાજુ વિવિધ આંદોલનોનો ઉકળાટ અને પ્રજામાં આક્રોશ જોવા મળે છે.આ બધી અશાંતિ,આક્રોશ અને અરાજકતામાંથી સમાજને ઉગારવા માટે અને તેના ઉકેલ ની આશા માત્ર ગાંધીદર્શનમાં જોવા મળે છે. કઈ રીતે સાંપ્રત સામાજિક પ્રશ્નોનો ઉકેલ ગાંધીદર્શનમાં રહ્યો છે તે દર્શાવવાનો આ શોધપત્રનો ઉદ્દેશ છે.
પ્રસ્તુત શોધપત્રના હેતુ સાંપ્રત પ્રશ્નોની જાણકારી અને તેની ગંભીરતા દર્શાવી તેના ઉકેલમાં ગાંધીદર્શનની પ્રસ્તુતતા દર્શાવવાનો છે. પ્રસ્તુત શોધપત્ર ગૌણમાહિતી પર આધારિત હોવાથી વિષય સંબંધી અગાઉ થયેલા અભ્યાસો, લેખો, પુસ્તકો, જર્નલો નો આધાર લઇ સામગ્રીનું વિશ્લેષણ કરી એક્ત્રીત તથ્યોનું અર્થઘટન કરી મૂલ્યાંકન કર્યું છે.
સામાજિક-આર્થિક અસમાનતાના ઉકેલ માટે ગાંધીજીનું સચોટ શસ્ત્ર સર્વોદયનો સિધ્ધાંતછે, જેમાં ગાંધીજી ત્રણ વસ્તુ મુકે છે. ૧)સહુના ભલામાં આપણું ભલું સમાયેલું છે.૨)વકીલ તેમજ વાળંદ બંનેના કામની કિમંતએક સરખી હોવી જોઈએ કેમ કે આજીવિકા નો હક બધાને છે.૩)સાદી મજુરીનું, ખેડૂતનું જીવન જ ખરું જીવન છે. આ ત્રણમાં પહેલું સૂત્ર દર્શન છે એ અનુભવનો સાર છે . ઉપરાંત ટ્રસ્ટીશીપનો સિધ્ધાંત, ગ્રામોદ્ધાર, ગ્રામસ્વરાજ નો ખ્યાલ અને અસ્પૃશ્યતાના નિવારણ માટેના રચનાત્મક કાર્યક્રમ વિચારો દ્વારા સાંપ્રત પ્રશ્નોનો ઉકેલ લાવી શકાય. લૈંગિક અસામનતા અને સ્ત્રીઓના પ્રશ્નો અંગે સ્ત્રી ઉન્નતી માટેના વિચારોમાં ગાંધીજી ક્રાંતદર્શી સમાજશાસ્ત્રી જણાય છે. લગ્ન, વિધવા જીવન, લગ્નખર્ચ, સ્ત્રી શણગારજેવા મુદ્દા પરના વિચારો લૈંગિક અસમાનતા દુર કરી સ્ત્રી અને લગ્ન જીવનના પ્રશ્નો હલ થઇ શકે છે.
માનવ ઈતિહાસમાં બહુ જ થોડા પ્રતિભાવંત વ્યક્તિત્વો જોવા મળે છે જેઓ એક સાથે નૈતિક, રાજકીય, આર્થિક, સામાજિક અને સાંસ્કૃતિક મોરચે પોતાની વિચાર પ્રતિબદ્ધતામાંથી ઝઝૂમ્યા હોય અને માનવ જીવન પર એની અસર મૂકી ગયા હોય. ગાંધીજી આવી ઘટનાનાં પ્રતિક અને પરીવર્તક બની ગયા છે. ભારત અને પુરા વિશ્વના પ્રશ્નોના ઉકેલમાં આજે પણ ૨૧ મી સદીમાં તેમના વિચાર દર્શન, સુસંગતતા ધરાવે છે. સત્ય, અહીંસા, સત્યાગ્રહ, ધર્મ, અસ્પૃશ્યતા અને ગરીબી વિશેના એમના વિચારો રાષ્ટ્રનિર્માણ અને સામજિક પ્રશ્નોના ઉકેલ લાવવામાં અને સામાજિક પરિવર્તનપ્રવર્તક બની રહ્યા છે. હજી વધુ તેમના દર્શનનો ઉપયોગ કરી સાંપ્રત સામાજિક પ્રશ્નોનો ઉકેલ લાવી શકાય તેમ છે.
OPTIMIZED LOAD BALANCING TECHNIQUES IN CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND FUTURE TRENDS
Authors: Shah Sonal
Published: January 2025

In today's rapidly evolving computing landscape, cloud computing has emerged as a pivotal paradigm that offers scalable and flexible resource provisioning to meet the demands of diverse applications. A critical aspect in this environment is load balancing, a technique that optimally distributes workloads across available resources to ensure efficient resource utilization, enhanced system performance, and seamless user experiences. This systematic literature review (SLR) delves into the realm of optimized load balancing techniques within cloud computing environments, encompassing various approaches, optimization methods, challenges, and future trends. The SLR reviews 50 research articles to track the evolution of load balancing techniques from traditional to modern dynamic strategies in cloud infrastructures. The review categorizes load balancing techniques into centralized, decentralized, and hybrid methods, noting their features and limitations. It highlights the importance of optimization methods, like meta-heuristics, machine learning, and swarm intelligence, in enhancing resource allocation and response times, and addresses challenges such as heterogeneity, scalability, and real-time adaptability.This review also identifies imminent challenges faced by load balancing in cloud computing environments. These challenges encompass the intricate interplay between resource allocation, fluctuating workloads, and dynamic system conditions. Additionally, the review offers insights into future trends that include harnessing the power of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques, exploring fog and edge computing for load distribution, and exploring hybrid load balancing strategies to further enhance system efficiency. This review offers a comprehensive understanding of optimized load balancing in cloud computing, covering the evolution of techniques, optimization methods, and challenges. It also identifies emerging trends to guide future research and practice.In the subsequent sections, we delve deeper into the current state of research, outlining the proposed approach in alignment with the research objectives. Subsequently, we expound upon the experimental outcomes attained through the proposed framework, encapsulating both its methodology and results.
VIRTUAL AUTISM VS TRADITIONAL AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: COMPARATIVE INSIGHTS FROM A DUAL CASE STUDY
Authors: Rakshit Shankha Shekhar , Biswas Tapasi
Published: January 2025

This study compares Traditional Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Virtual Autism through a dual case study to highlight their distinct characteristics. Two children, Child A with Traditional ASD and Child B with Virtual Autism, were selected based on similar age, socioeconomic background, and developmental milestones prior to symptom onset. Data collection included parental interviews, direct observations, psychological assessments, and medical and educational records reviews. The analysis focused on symptom presentation, developmental milestones, and intervention responses. Child A’s symptoms, rooted in genetic and prenatal factors, required long-term interventions such as Applied Behaviour Analysis, speech therapy, and social skills training. Child B’s symptoms, linked to excessive screen exposure, improved rapidly with reduced screen time, and increased interactive activities. The findings emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and personalized interventions. Traditional ASD requires sustained therapeutic efforts, while Virtual Autism can be effectively addressed through environmental modifications. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for providing personalized care and improving outcomes for affected children. Future research must explore long-term outcomes, the impact of different digital content, and the effectiveness of various interventions.
Effectiveness of autologous mesoconcentrate (PRGF) in clinical dentistry: electron microscopic analysis
Authors:   Department of Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery of Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Oshurko Anatolii Pavlovych , Oliinyk Ihor Yuriiovych ,   Department of Pathological Anatomy of Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Kuzniak Nataliia Bohdanivna ,   Department of Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery of Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
Published: January 2025

This paper provides a scientific assessment of a widely implemented technology in regenerative medicine, particularly clinical dentistry, subject to protocol compliance with the method of ordering fibrin filaments, which ensures the formation of a three-dimensional structure that serves as a biological scaffold with multifunctional properties. The preservation of autologous genetic information with full stimulating content, with a spectrum of active trophic and repair factors – growth factors, in particular, of platelet origin, provides a reliable prognosis of “controlled” tissue regeneration. The aim of the study is to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of autologous plasma products – plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) in clinical dentistry, and their interfractional differentiation according to the results of electron microscopic analysis. We have studied the density of formed fibrin fibers in terms of the number (in 10 μm2) and morphometric value of the cross-section (Ø) in the PRGF - F1 and F2 fractions of mesoconcentrate products, namely, insulating membranes (M) and wrapping blocks (B), using electron transmission microscopy. For evidentiary analytical substantiation, we performed scanning electron microscopy of fibrin strands, which provided high-resolution images of sample surfaces without destroying their architectonics. The obtained results confirm the working hypothesis, i.e., the acceptable effectiveness of the study based on statistical analysis. This highlights the reliability of the results with the appropriate level of significance in the interfraction difference of PRGF F1-M, B and F2-M, B, with a description of the interrelated diametric differences. This analysis of the accumulation and quality of fibrin filament formation based on the results of electron microscopic examination, comprehensively confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and in the above fragment of clinical application, gives priority to the PRGF method with targeted fractional use (F1, F2) of mesoconcentrate products for targeted tissue regeneration, in particular in clinical dentistry according to its extensive indications.876543
Isolation and molecular detection of Enterococcus faecium from infected root canals: for progressing towards sustainability
Authors:   Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq, Mohammed Qasim Abdulkareem , Alhelal Ahmed Ghanim ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq,   Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq, Al Jothery Aqeel Handil ,   Anesthesia Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hilla, Iraq,   Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
Published: January 2025

Background and objectives. Enterococcus is a lactic acid bacterium that, according to the Lancefield method of serology-based classification, was formerly classified as a group D Streptococcus until 1984. The current study aimed to isolate and molecularly detect E. faecium (EF) from the infected root canal, and to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Material and methods. Samples were collected from 50 people who had a single root canal tooth with radiographic evidence of apical periodontitis. The transport media were preincubated at 37°C for 30 minutes and vigorously agitated for 60s before use and were then cultured on primary media. Aerotolerance, Gram-staining, synthesis of catalase, trypsin, and indole were used in the preliminary characterization stage. For species-level identification after preservation at 37°C, a variety of biochemical tests were used, including motility tests, carbohydrate fermentation, and the detection of enzymes. DNA extraction was achieved using the PrestoTM Mini gDNA bacteria kit. Amplification of ddI chromosomal genes from EF was accomplished using DNA extracted from these isolates. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were conducted to investigate the sensitivity and resistance of the target bacteria against 7 antimicrobial agents. Results. The analysis of data revealed that the prevalence of EF was 70% (in 35 of the samples collected). 74% of the Enterococcus isolates tested positive for EF according to PCR findings. The antibiotic sensitivity test results showed that vancomycin and erythromycin resistance was observed in all samples of EF. As many as 94.3% of isolates were resistant to amikacin, 88.7% were resistant to gentamycin, and 91.4 % were resistant to azithromycin. Doxycycline (94.3%) and nitrofurantoin (97.1%) were more effective against the E. faecium isolated from the root canals. Conclusions. The study concludes that the EF bacteria is an important pathogen of root canal infection which is resistant to many antibiotics.