bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Downhole nuclear magnetic resonance logging in glaciomarine sediments near Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Crow Heather L. , Enkin Randolph J. , Percival Jeanne B. , Russell Hazen A.J.
Published: July 2020

Downhole nuclear magnetic resonance technology was applied in four boreholes intersecting glaciomarine sediments of the Ottawa Valley, Ontario. The study evaluated the ability of slim‐hole nuclear magnetic resonance tools to measure in situ volumetric water contents (porosities in saturated sediments) for geohazard and hydrogeological applications. The sediments are composed of clay‐ and silt‐sized grains of glacially eroded rock flour derived from the Precambrian Shield containing trace amounts of magnetic minerals, and porosities ranging from 40 to 74 porosity units (PU, 1% porosity = 1 PU). Two nuclear magnetic resonance instruments were deployed with echo times of 0.5 and 1.0 ms, and diameters of investigation ranging from 14.0 to 30.5 cm. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance porosities in the sediments were typically within ±5 PU (95% within ±10 PU) of core calibration data sets in the silty clays where threshold bulk magnetic susceptibility values were <30 × 10−4 SI. This was found to deviate, however, where the concentration and mineralogy of magnetic particles changed, interpreted to be shortening relaxation times which led to underestimation of true water contents. This effect is correlated with a change in depth from magnetite to superparamagnetic nanoparticles of greigite (low‐temperature iron monosulphide) magnetism, interpreted to occur at the sulphate‐methane interface. Clay mineralogy and pore water chemistry were also examined as contributing factors, but were not found to significantly shorten nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation responses. Very short T2 times (<2 ms) are typical in these particular silty clays, requiring a tool with an echo spacing of <1.0 ms. Due to increased potential for sediment disturbance around a well caused by the geotechnical sensitivity of the sediments, a nuclear magnetic resonance instrument with multiple frequencies provided signal penetration out to various diameters around the tool, giving needed information about the size of the disturbed zone surrounding the casing.
Vector P‐ and S‐wave pre‐stack reverse‐time migration for tunnel spaces
Authors: Luo Shuai , Guangyin Lu , Zhu Ziqiang , Xia Chengzhi
Published: July 2020

Migration is considered to be a key step in the data processing of the seismic advancement predictions of tunnels, and it directly affects the final interpretations. Therefore, with the goal of addressing the limitations of the current acoustic reverse‐time migration processes, as well as deepening the understanding of the interactions between different wave modes in traditional elastic reverse‐time migration, a vector P‐ and S‐wave reverse‐time migration method is proposed in this study. Consideration is given to the actual tunnel spaces, and forward calculations and reverse‐time extrapolations of the wavefields are carried out based on the first‐order velocity‐stress elastic wave equation of P‐ and S‐wave separation and a high‐order staggered‐grid algorithm. The imaging conditions of a source‐normalized cross‐correlation are used to realize the imaging. Then, a Laplace filtering method is adopted to suppress the low‐frequency artefacts. Numerical simulations of the weak interlayer and karst cave models show that the proposed method had the ability to more effectively suppress noise and achieve high‐precision imaging of tunnel spaces, when compared with using horizontal or vertical components to directly obtain the images. The positions and shapes within the tunnel spaces can be accurately imaged regardless of whether they are lithologic interfaces or local geological bodies. This is found to improve the resolution and accuracy of the tunnel advancement predictions. Finally, the proposed method is successfully applied to the real data processing, and the effects are found to be satisfactory.
Race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic differences in incidence of pediatric embryonal tumors in the United States
Authors: Geris Jennifer M. , Spector Logan G.
Published: July 2020

Background

The etiology of childhood cancers and its social patterning remains largely unknown. Accounting for socioeconomic status (SES) when exploring the association between race/ethnicity and cancer incidence is necessary to better understand such etiology. We aimed to investigate differences in the incidence of embryonal tumors (ETs) by SES and race/ethnicity in the United States using population‐based registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program.

Procedure

Children with ETs aged 0‐19 years diagnosed between 2000 and 2015 were ascertained from the census tract‐level SEER database. SES was measured using a tract‐level composite index. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by SES quintile and race/ethnicity were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression models.

Results

The majority of tumors had lower incidence among nonwhite children compared with non‐Hispanic (NH) white children, after controlling for SES. NH blacks had a higher incidence of Wilms tumor than NH whites (IRR: 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13‐1.39). There was an increasing linear trend (P = 0.0001) across increasing SES quintile for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma after controlling for race/ethnicity. Effect modification by race/ethnicity of the relationship between SES and tumor incidence was observed for several groups. Hispanics had a significant, linear trend (P = 0.0005) in the incidence of Wilms tumor, while Asian/Pacific Islanders experienced a significant inverse trend (P = 0.0002).

Conclusions

Results from this study suggest differences in the incidence of several ETs by race/ethnicity and that these differences may be modified by SES. Investigation of potential risk factors that are socially patterned is warranted.
Active fault detection based on set‐membership approach for uncertain discrete‐time systems
Authors: Wang Jing , Shi Yuru , Zhou Meng , Wang Ye , Puig Vicenç
Published: July 2020

Active fault detection facilitates determination of the fault characteristics by injecting proper auxiliary input signals into the system. This article proposes an observer‐based on‐line active fault detection method for discrete‐time systems with bounded uncertainties. First, the output including disturbances, measurement noise and interval uncertainties at each sample time is enclosed in a zonotope. In order to reduce the conservativeness in the fault detection process, a zonotopic observer is designed to estimate the system states allowing to generate the output zonotopes. Then, a proper auxiliary input signal is designed to separate the output zonotopes of the faulty model from the healthy model that is injected into the system to facilitate the detection of small fault . Since the auxiliary input signal generation leads to a nonconvex optimization problem, it is transformed into a mixed integer quadratic programming problem. Finally, a case study based on a DC motor is used to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Smallholders Use of Weather Information as Smart Adaptation Strategy in the Savannah Area of Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Alliagbor Rasheedat , Awolala David Olufemi , Ajibefun Igbekele Amos
Published: July 2020

Weather information is needed for smart decisions because uncertainties in weather phenomena are beyond capacity of smallholders for autonomous responses. The study analyzed determinants of farmers’ use of weather information as smart adaptation strategy. Arable crop farmers were sampled in the derived savannah agro-ecology area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Heckman probit model estimates show that gender and agricultural extension services were significant positive drivers of farmers’ access to weather information. Should weather information becomes an alternative adaptation strategy, access to credit was found as the major driver of farmers’ propensity to use weather information before taking climate smart agricultural decisions. Further results reveal that increasing knowledge of onset date, large farm size, and access to agricultural extension services significantly reduced farmers’ propensity to use improved weather information for smart decisions in the dry savannah area.
Modeling the Optimal Transportation for Acute Stroke Treatment
Authors: Ernst Marielle , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Schlemm Eckhard , Holodinsky Jessalyn K. , Kamal Noreen , Rodt Thomas , Henningsen Henning , Kraemer Christoffer , Thomalla Götz , Fiehler Jens , Brekenfeld Caspar
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Prolonged transfer times between the primary stroke center (PSC) and the comprehensive stroke center (CSC) are one of the major causes of treatment delay for endovascular stroke treatment. We aimed to analyze the effect of the diurnal variations in traffic rates at weekdays and weekends on the catchment area size of three transportation paradigms, i.e. mothership, drip-and-ship (DS) and drip-and-drive (DD).

Methods

A conditional probability model that predicts the probability of good outcome for patients with suspected large vessel occlusion was used to analyze the prehospital stroke triage in northwest Germany and produce catchment area maps. Transportation times were calculated during each hour of a weekday and a Sunday using Google Maps. For comparison, real DD transportation times from our CSC in Hamburg-Eppendorf (blinded for review) to a PSC in Lüneburg were prospectively recorded.

Result

On weekdays, the mothership catchment area was the largest (≥40,000 km2, 63%) except for a decrease during morning rush hours, when the DD catchment area was highest (30,879 km2, 48%). The DS catchment area was higher than the DD catchment area during the afternoon rush hours both during the week as well as on Sundays.

Conclusion

Our study showed a considerable impact of the diurnal variations in traffic rate and direction of travel on optimal stroke transportation. Stroke systems of care should take real time traffic information into account.
Validity of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C): Classical test theory and item response theory of the Persian YFAS-C
Authors: Lin Chung-Ying , Imani Vida , Griffiths Mark D. , Pakpour Amir H.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

To examine whether the child/adolescent version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS-C) is valid to assess the Iranian adolescents who are overweight.

Methods

After using an internationally standardized method to translate the YFAS-C into Persian, 1186 overweight/obese adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years participated in the present study [666 males; mean age = 15.5 (SD = 1.9) years; zBMI = 2.5 (1.0) kg/m2]. All the participants completed the Persian YFAS-C alongside Persian versions of the following scales: Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ), Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA), Binge Eating Scale (BES), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21).

Results

At the scale level, confirmatory factor analysis verified the single-factor structure of the Persian YFAS-C. Additionally, the Persian YFAS-C had promising properties regarding internal consistency (KR20 = 0.81), test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.83), separation reliability (person separation reliability = 0.77; item separation reliability = 0.98), and separation index (person separation index = 2.04; item separation index = 8.01). At the item level, all items had satisfactory properties in factor loadings, corrected item-total correlation, test–retest reliability, and infit and outfit mean square. Moreover, no substantial differential item functioning (DIF) was found concerning gender (male vs. female) or weight status (overweight vs. obesity). Significant and moderate correlations were found between the Persian YFAS-C and other psychometric scales assessing eating symptomatology and general psychopathology (r = 0.352 to 0.484).

Conclusion

The Persian YFAS-C is a valid instrument that assists healthcare providers in assessing food addiction among Iranian adolescents.

Level of evidence

Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Intranasal delivery of BDNF rescues memory deficits in AD11 mice and reduces brain microgliosis
Authors: Braschi Chiara , Capsoni Simona , Narducci Roberta , Poli Andrea , Sansevero Gabriele , Brandi Rossella , Maffei Lamberto , Cattaneo Antonino , Berardi Nicoletta
Published: July 2020

A decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin essential for synaptic function, plasticity and neuronal survival, is evident early in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), being apparent in subjects with mild cognitive impairment or mild AD, and both proBDNF and mature BDNF levels are positively correlated with cognitive measures. BDNF delivery is, therefore, considered of great interest as a potentially useful therapeutic strategy to contrast AD. Invasive BDNF administration has indeed been recently used in animal models of AD with promising results in rescuing memory deficits, synaptic density and cell loss. Here, we tested whether non-invasive intranasal administration of different BDNF concentrations after the onset of cognitive and anatomical deficits (6 months of age) could rescue neuropathological and memory deficits in AD11 mice, a model of NGF deprivation-induced neurodegeneration. In addition to AD hallmarks, we investigated BDNF effects on microglia presence in the brain of AD11 mice, since alterations in microglia activation have been associated with ageing-related cognitive decline and with the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. We found that intranasal delivery of 42 pmol BDNF (1 μM), but not PBS, was sufficient to completely rescue performance of AD11 mice both in the object recognition test and in the object context test. No further improvement was obtained with 420 pmol (10 μM) BDNF dose. The strong improvement in memory performance in BDNF-treated mice was not accompanied by an amelioration of AD-like pathology, Aβ burden, tau hyperphosphorylation and cholinergic deficit, but there was a dramatic decrease of CD11b immunoreactive brain microglia. These results reinforce the potential therapeutic uses of BDNF in AD and the non-invasive intranasal route as an effective delivery strategy of BDNF to the brain. They also strengthen the connection between neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative dementia and suggest microglia as a possible mediator of BDNF therapeutic actions in the brain.
Analysis of a spatially inhomogeneous stochastic partial differential equation epidemic model
Authors: Nguyen Dang H. , Nguyen Nhu N. , Yin George
Published: July 2020

This work proposes and analyzes a family of spatially inhomogeneous epidemic models. This is our first effort to use stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) to model epidemic dynamics with spatial variations and environmental noise. After setting up the problem, the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the underlying SPDEs are examined. Then, definitions of permanence and extinction are given, and certain sufficient conditions are provided for permanence and extinction. Our hope is that this paper will open up windows for investigation of epidemic models from a new angle.
Representations of component importance for coherent systems with exchangeable components
Authors: Pitzen S. , Burkschat M.
Published: July 2020

Two definitions of Birnbaum’s importance measure for coherent systems are studied in the case of exchangeable components. Representations of these measures in terms of distribution functions of the ordered component lifetimes are given. As an example, coherent systems with failure-dependent component lifetimes based on the notion of sequential order statistics are considered. Furthermore, it is shown that the two measures are ordered in the case of associated component lifetimes. Finally, the limiting behavior of the measures with respect to time is examined.
Hidden talents in harsh environments
Authors: Ellis Bruce J. , Abrams Laura S. , Masten Ann S. , Sternberg Robert J. , Tottenham Nim , Frankenhuis Willem E.
Published: July 2020

Although early-life adversity can undermine healthy development, children growing up in harsh environments may develop intact, or even enhanced, skills for solving problems in high-adversity contexts (i.e., “hidden talents”). Here we situate the hidden talents model within a larger interdisciplinary framework. Summarizing theory and research on hidden talents, we propose that stress-adapted skills represent a form of adaptive intelligence that enables individuals to function within the constraints of harsh, unpredictable environments. We discuss the alignment of the hidden talents model with current knowledge about human brain development following early adversity; examine potential applications of this perspective to multiple sectors concerned with youth from harsh environments, including education, social services, and juvenile justice; and compare the hidden talents model with contemporary developmental resilience models. We conclude that the hidden talents approach offers exciting new directions for research on developmental adaptations to childhood adversity, with translational implications for leveraging stress-adapted skills to more effectively tailor education, jobs, and interventions to fit the needs and potentials of individuals from a diverse range of life circumstances. This approach affords a well-rounded view of people who live with adversity that avoids stigma and communicates a novel, distinctive, and strength-based message.
Luciaand the Auscultation of Disease in Mid-Nineteenth-Century France
Authors: Pottinger Mark A.
Published: July 2020

As many scholars have shown, regardless of its popularity today, the ‘mad scene’ ofLucia di Lammermoorwas not popular in the several years that followed the premiere in 1835. In fact, audiences, critics and publishers of opera selections for the salon preferred the love duet of act 1 or the final scene of the opera when Edgardo kills himself upon hearing the news that Lucia is dead. In this article, I explore early nineteenth-century notions of hysteria, a disease that manifested with both physical and emotional symptoms. If undiagnosed, the individual suffering from the disease would experience muscle contractions, pupil dilations, delusions, cardiac arrest and eventual death. One of the seminal studies of hysteria in the first half of the nineteenth century was written by the French physician and medical historian Frédéric Dubois d'Amiens (1799–1873), who published in 1833Histoire philosophique de l'hypochondrie et de l'hystérie, a 500-plus page investigation into the cause and cure of hysterics and hypochondriacs. Through an investigation of the diagnosis of hysteria in d'Amiens's work and the sound and look of hysteria in Donizetti's opera, now made more acute through familiarity with the newly invented stethoscope (1816, René Laennec) and its ability to deliver the internal sounds of the body, we can see how close the opera comes to mirroring the look and sound of the disease, which may explain the lack of enthusiasm and in some cases outright hostility to Lucia's fall into madness in the early reception of the work in France.
Prävention aversiver Kindheitserfahrungen: gesellschaftliche und gesundheitspolitische Konsequenzen
Authors: Pfister Susan , Wagner En-Young , Bürgy Vanessa , Egloff Niklaus , Holtforth Martin grosse , Schmidt Stefanie J.
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung. Vernachlässigung, körperliche, psychische oder sexuelle Misshandlung erhöhen das Risiko für Entwicklungsstörungen wie auch das Risiko gesundheitlicher Langzeitfolgen im Erwachsenenalter. Die Prävention von Misshandlungen ist deshalb wichtig. In der Schweiz zeigt sich ein mehrschichtiges Präventionsmodell, dessen Hauptfokus auf der Stützung der Familie liegt. Ein verbessertes gesellschaftliches Bewusstsein hinsichtlich der wichtigen Bedeutung einer adäquaten kindlichen Betreuung steht sowohl im Interesse jedes Einzelnen wie auch im Interesse des Gesundheitssystems und der Gesellschaft als Ganzes.
Probe optimization for quantum metrology via closed-loop learning control
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Thompson Jayne , Wu Ze , Gu Mile , Peng Xinhua , Du Jiangfeng
Published: July 2020

Experimentally achieving the precision that standard quantum metrology schemes promise is always challenging. Recently, additional controls were applied to design feasible quantum metrology schemes. However, these approaches generally does not consider ease of implementation, raising technological barriers impeding its realization. In this paper, we circumvent this problem by applying closed-loop learning control to propose a practical controlled sequential scheme for quantum metrology. Purity loss of the probe state, which relates to quantum Fisher information, is measured efficiently as the fitness to guide the learning loop. We confirm its feasibility and certain superiorities over standard quantum metrology schemes by numerical analysis and proof-of-principle experiments in a nuclear magnetic resonance system.
Rapid assessment of ocular drug delivery in a novel ex vivo corneal model
Authors: Begum Ghazala , Leigh Thomas , Courtie Ella , Moakes Richard , Butt Gibran , Ahmed Zubair , Rauz Saaeha , Logan Ann , Blanch Richard J.
Published: July 2020

Drug delivery by topical application has higher patient acceptance and lower morbidity than intraocular injection, but many ophthalmic treatments are unable to enter the eye or reach the posterior segment after topical application. The first stage towards posterior segment delivery after topical application is ocular surface penetration and existing models are in vivo or use large quantities of tissue. We therefore developed a novel ex vivo model using discs of porcine and human cornea and sclera (5 mm diameter) to assess penetration of a candidate neuroprotective siRNA. siRNA against caspase 2 or control solutions of known penetrance were applied to the corneal epithelial surface and trans-corneal penetration and corneal adsorbance measured at fixed time points. To demonstrate that leakage did not occur, we applied dextran blue, which should not penetrate the intact cornea and did not do so in our model. Fluorescein penetration (0.09%) was less than rhodamine B (6.98%) at 60 min. siCASP2 penetration was 0.01% by 60 min. When the applied siCASP2 was washed off after 2 min, (representing lacrimal drainage) 0.071% penetrated porcine cornea by 60 min and 0.0002% penetrated human cornea and 0.001% penetrated human sclera. Our ex vivo model rapidly and cost-effectively assesses transcorneal penetration of candidate topical therapies, allowing rates of trans-corneal penetration for potential therapies such as siRNA to be evaluated with small quantities of human or animal tissue.
Enhancement of linearity range of stretchable ultrasensitive metal crack strain sensor via superaligned carbon nanotube-based strain engineering
Authors: Kim Kang-Hyun , Hong Soon Kyu , Ha Sung-Hun , Li Luhe , Lee Hyung Woo , Kim Jong-Man
Published: July 2020

Linearity range of a crack-based strain sensor is dramatically enhanced while maintaining its ultrahigh mechanosensitivity by introducing an intermediate superaligned carbon nanotube sheet.
The Impact of Speech Recognition Testing on State Anxiety in Young, Middle-Age, and Older Adults
Authors: Roup Christina M. , Green Donna E. , DeBacker J. Riley
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This study assessed state anxiety as a function of speech recognition testing using three clinical measures of speech in noise and one clinical measure of dichotic speech recognition.

Method

Thirty young adults, 30 middle-age adults, and 25 older adults participated. State anxiety was measured pre– and post–speech recognition testing using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory. Speech recognition was measured with the Revised Speech Perception in Noise Test, the Quick Speech-in-Noise Test, the Words-in-Noise Test, and the Dichotic Digits Test (DDT).

Results

Speech recognition performance was as expected: Older adults performed significantly poorer on all measures as compared to the young adults and significantly poorer on the Revised Speech Perception in Noise Test, the Quick Speech-in-Noise Test, and the Words-in-Noise Test as compared to the middle-age adults. On average, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory scores increased posttesting, with the middle-age adults exhibiting significantly greater increases in state anxiety as compared to the young and older adults. Increases in state anxiety were significantly greater for the DDT relative to the speech-in-noise tests for the middle-age adults only. Poorer DDT recognition performance was associated with higher levels of state anxiety.

Conclusions

Increases in state anxiety were observed after speech-in-noise and dichotic listening testing for all groups, with significant increases seen for the young and middle-age adults. Although the exact mechanisms could not be determined, multiple factors likely influenced the observed increases in state anxiety, including task difficulty, individual proficiency, and age.
Morphological Knowledge: Opportunities for Collaboration Through Multitiered System of Supports
Authors: Meaux Ashley Bourque , Diehm Emily , Collins Ginger
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The study of morphological knowledge and its role in literacy development for early elementary students is growing. The aim of this tutorial is to illustrate the role a school-based speech-language pathologist (SLP) has as a collaborative partner in multitiered system of supports (MTSS) in elementary for morphological knowledge.

Method

This tutorial presents the role of morphology in the English writing system and the documented benefit of morphological interventions to support students' oral and written language development. Next, the role of morphology in literacy development as it appears in curricular standards is highlighted. Lastly, strategies are provided for how SLPs can be part of a collaborative educational team to increase morphological knowledge in early elementary school within an MTSS framework.

Conclusion

Given school-based SLPs' language and literacy expertise, we are well suited for engaging in collaborative partnerships in the school setting to increase academic outcomes. The information presented in this tutorial provides a guide to establish collaborative partnerships within educational teams to support morphological knowledge development through all MTSS tiers. Additionally, the need for further evidence to support the role of morphological knowledge in literacy development is presented.
Walnut oil deacidification by liquid–liquid extraction with ethanol in a single- and multistage crossflow process
Authors: Bou Orm Roua , Citeau Morgane , Comitis Audrey , Savoire Raphaëlle , Harscoat-Schiavo Christelle , Subra-Paternault Pascale , Carré Patrick , Leao Jean David , Joffre Florent
Published: July 2020

Liquid–liquid extraction of vegetable oil with ethanol predominantly removes the components having the greatest affinity for ethanol, such as free fatty acids responsible for the acidity of oil, but also some contaminants such as phthalates. The aim of this work is to study the effect of several operating parameters on the deacidification process: the initial free fatty acid content in oil (3.1, 5.8, 7.6 and 11.7% OA eq.), the ethanol-water content in solvent (70.0/30.0, 80.0/20.0, 87.8/12.2 and 95.6/4.4 g/g), and the oil/solvent ratio (0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 g/g). The economic assessment of the deacidification based on the costs of distilling solvent and neutral oil loss showed that the use of solvents containing 82 to 90 wt.% of ethanol enables to achieve a trade-off between efficiency of the extraction of free fatty acid and the neutral oil losses. A three-stage crosscurrent extraction using a solvent at 88.6 wt.% of ethanol (global solvent/oil ratio: 8.0 g/g) reduced the free fatty acid content from 5.8% OA eq. (in crude walnut oil) to 0.3–0.4% OA eq. with a loss of 4.0% of neutral oil mass. Regarding the extraction of phthalates, our results showed that the lower the water content in the hydroethanolic solvent, the more efficient the extraction of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP). Moreover, extraction with ethanol has successfully reduced the BBP content below the current regulatory limit.
Dynamisches Krafttraining und Knochendichte an der Lendenwirbelsäule postmenopausaler Frauen
Authors: Kemmler Wolfgang , Shojaa Mahdieh , Kohl Matthias , Schoene Daniel , von Stengel Simon
Published: July 2020

Ziel dieser Metaanalyse war es (1) den Effekt eines dynamischen Krafttrainings (DRT) auf die Knochendichte (BMD) der Lendenwirbelsäule (LWS) einzuschätzen, (2) günstige Belastungs-komponenten zu identifizieren und (3) Trainingsempfehlungen abzuleiten.

Eine systematische Literaturrecherche schloss (a) kontrollierte Studien, (b) DRT ≥ 6 Monate mit mindestens einer Trainings- (TG) und einer Kontrollgruppe (KG), (c) LWS-BMD-Messung vor und nach der Intervention und (e) postmenopausale Frauen ein. Subgruppenanalysen wurden für Interventionsdauer, Art des DRT, Trainingshäufigkeit (TH), und -volumen sowie Reizintensität durchgeführt.

17 Artikel mit 20 TG und 18 KG konnten eingeschlossen werden. Die standardisierte Mittelwertdifferenz für die LWS-BMD zeigte einen signifikanten Effekt (0,59; 95%-CI: 0,26–0,92). Eine niedrige TH zeigte signifikant höhere Effekte auf die BMD als eine TH von ≥ 2 Einheiten/Woche.

Die Meta-Analyse zeigte einen moderaten DRT-Effekt auf die LWS-BMD. Ergebnisse der Subanalysen standen zum Teil im Gegensatz zur vorliegenden Literatur. Subanalysen meta-analytischer Auswertung scheinen zur Generierung erfolgversprechender Trainingsprotokolle nicht geeignet zu sein.
Nur der Full Can Test scheint nützlich zu sein
Authors: Vielitz Arne
Published: July 2020

Apeldoorn AT, Den Arend MC, Schuitemaker R et al. Interrater Agreement and Reliability of Clinical Tests for Assessment of Patients with Shoulder Pain in Primary Care. Physiother Theory Pract 2019; 35: 1–20. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2019.1587801
Pelvines Stauungssyndrom: Wie wird die Diagnose gesichert, wer muss behandelt werden?
Authors: Hirsch Tobias , Wohlgemuth Walter A.
Published: July 2020

Unterleibsbeschwerden waren lange Zeit die Domäne von Gynäkologen, Internisten und Urologen. Die Erkenntnis, dass auch eine venöse Abstrombehinderung im kleinen Becken bzw. im Abdomen ähnliche Beschwerden hervorrufen kann, hat dazu geführt, dass in den letzten Jahren auch Gefäßmediziner in die Diagnostik und Behandlung einbezogen werden.

Das pelvine Stauungssyndrom kann eine Vielzahl von auch nichtspezifischen Beschwerden verursachen. Die differenzialdiagnostische Abgrenzung zu gynäkologischen, internistischen oder auch orthopädischen Störungen stellt damit eine Herausforderung dar. Die akribische Anamneseerhebung und Symptombeschreibung sind von übergeordneter Bedeutung. In der weiteren Diagnostik kommt der Sonografie die wichtigste Bedeutung zu, die durch radiologische Schichtbildverfahren ergänzt werden kann. Wird vor allem eine Varikose im Genitalbereich beklagt, ist zu klären, ob es sich um eine venöse Insuffizienz im Bereich der Vena iliaca interna bzw. der Vena ovarica handelt oder ob postthrombotische Veränderungen eine Rolle spielen. Bei pelvinen und abdominellen Schmerzzuständen müssen zusätzlich die Nierenvenen und die untere Hohlvene beurteilt werden.

Nur wenn die Störung differenzialdiagnostisch sicher abgegrenzt werden kann, ist eine invasive Behandlung durch Katheterverfahren und/oder Schaumsklerotherapie angezeigt.
Neue Wege der Kommunikation: Digitaler Schwung durch Corona
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: July 2020

In Corona-Zeiten fielen Veranstaltungen an den Kliniken aus, Prozesse mussten geändert werden. Viele Häuser ließen sich daher neue Formate einfallen, um die soziale Kommunikation aufrecht zu erhalten.
Krankenhausverpflegung: Von Rheine ans Krankenbett
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: July 2020

Frisch gekocht wird in vielen Kliniken schon lange nicht mehr. Eine Alternative sind vorgegarte Mahlzeiten, die tiefgekühlt angeliefert und erst kurz vor dem Verzehr portioniert und zu Ende gekocht werden. Wie entstehen sie? Was ist mit Sonderwünschen? Und wie ist es um das Image bestellt? Ein Besuch in der zentralen Küche von Apetito in Rheine.
Digitale Patientenservices: Per Mausklick einchecken
Authors: Reisinger Kathrin
Published: July 2020

Was in der Tourismusbranche seit Jahren Normalität ist, hält zunehmend Einzug in den Gesundheitsmarkt. Online ins Krankenhaus oder in die Reha-Einrichtung einchecken, ambulante Termine im Klinikum online buchen, digitale OP-Aufklärungsbögen ausfüllen oder Patienten-Webinare besuchen – die digitalen Angebote werden immer mehr.
Pflege Als Marke: Eine Pionierin der ersten Stunde
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: July 2020

In ihrer Masterarbeit behandelte Sabine Girts bereits das Thema einer eigenen Pflegegewerkschaft. Bis heute glaubt sie daran, dass eine Gewerkschaft ebenso wie eine Kammer zur Demokratie „Pflege“ dazugehört. Sie setzt sich seit jeher auch für die Fort- und Weiterbildung in der Pflege ein. kma spricht mit ihr aber auch über das Thema Markenzeichen Pflege.
DGIV: Muss unsere gesundheitliche Versorgung effizienter und effektiver werden?
Authors: Spitzer Stefan G.
Published: July 2020

Mit milliardenschweren Förderprogrammen in schwindelerregender Höhe versucht der deutsche Staat, die Auswirkungen der Corona-Krise abzumildern. Besonders im kostenträchtigen Gesundheitswesen lassen aber nachhaltige Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Wirtschaftlichkeit der Versorgung unter Wahrung der Versorgungsqualität noch auf sich warten.
Comprehensibility andeveryday English use
Authors: Zielinski Beth , Pryor Elizabeth
Published: July 2020

In this longitudinal study we tracked change in comprehensibility and English use over a 10-month period in 14 L2
English learners (8 beginner, 6 intermediate) settling in Australia. They were interviewed 4 times during the 10 months as part of
a larger longitudinal study. English use was reported at each interview using a language map and excerpts from recordings of
Interviews 1 and 4 were rated for comprehensibility. Intermediate participants tended to be more comprehensible and maintain a
higher level of English use over time than the beginners. Exploration of individual variation revealed a range of
comprehensibility outcomes, the variable and non-linear nature of English use trajectories, and a possible relationship between
comprehensibility change and English use for some participants. Important methodological implications for future studies relate to
the measurement of comprehensibility and English use, the speech samples used for comprehensibility ratings, and the importance of
individual variation.
On Robustness in Cosmological Simulations
Authors: Gueguen Marie
Published: July 2020

The Cold Dark Matter model faces many controversies at small scales, as simulations fail to reproduce the observed properties of dark matter (DM) halos. Since rival DM models differ on their predictions about the structure of DM halos, understanding their mass distribution is crucial for determining the nature of DM. However, only numerical approaches to determining what a hypothesis implies for the mass distribution are possible. Hence, simulations are a crucial part of evaluating DM rival models, as is assessing their reliability. I argue that robustness analysis is not a sufficient criterion for the trustworthiness of cosmological simulations.
Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni60 + WC/Ni35/AISI1040 functional surface gradient structure of remanufacturing chute plate for the mining scraper by a low cost high power CO2 laser cladding technique
Authors: Luo J , Gao J J , Gou S W , Li Y L , Lin H X , Wu X R , Qi S Y
Published: July 2020

CO2 laser cladding is a type of green remanufacturing technology, which is of many technical advantages in repairing and remanufacturing industry, especially for some large-scale key mining equipment or parts due to its characteristics of high quality, high efficiency and environmental protection (e.g. energy and material saving). In this paper, the chute plate of coal mining scraper is fixed and remanufactured by CO2 laser cladding technique. Ni60, WC, Ni35, IG55 and other composite powders are selected to design and build the gradient functional structure for chute plate in order to improve the reproduced lifetime. A lot of high power low cost CO2 laser cladding tests are carried out on the matrix material (AISI 1040 steel plate) of old attrite chute plate. The optical microscope, SEM, XRD, microhardness test and wear experiment are adopted to analyze the relationships among the laser cladding process, the overlaying composite material, gradient functional structure and mechanical properties of the remanufacturing scraper’s chute plate. The research results show that laser power and scanning speed are the dominant cladding process parameters, which have a significant influence on the geometric dimension (including width and height), dilution rate and hardness of the deposited layer. These composite powders (especially including the rare earth metals) are the key factor to form the gradient functional structure. The laser cladding Ni60 + WC/Ni35/AISI1040 composite gradient functional structure has a reasonable toughness and strength of the transition layer structure, and a high hardness and wear-resistant surface functional layer, so the fixed and remanufactured product has formed good ductile plasticity and wear resistance properties as a result of the gradient functional structure. The unique Ni60 + WC/Ni35/AISI1040 gradient functional structure makes sure that the chute plate of mining scraper has excellent comprehensive performance, which is satisfied with the service requirements of mechanical parts or equipment in the harsh working environment of the mining industry. This research work provides technological guidance for the fix and remanufacturing chute plate, and achieves the goal of low cost, high efficiency and long life reproduced chute plate of mining scraper.
Crystal face dependent intrinsic wettability of metal oxide surfaces
Authors: Zhu Zhongpeng , Yu Zhenwei , Yun Frank F , Pan Deng , Tian Ye , Jiang Lei , Wang Xiaolin
Published: July 2020

Knowledge of intrinsic wettability at solid/liquid interfaces at the molecular level perspective is significant in understanding crucial progress in some fields, such as electrochemistry, molecular biology and earth science. It is generally believed that surface wettability is determined by the surface chemical component and surface topography. However, when taking molecular structures and interactions into consideration, many intriguing phenomena would enrich or even redress our understanding of surface wettability. From the perspective of interfacial water molecule structures, here, we discovered that the intrinsic wettability of crystal metal oxide is not only dependent on the chemical components but also critically dependent on the crystal faces. For example, the $( {1\bar{1}02} )$ crystal face of α-Al2O3 is intrinsically hydrophobic with a water contact angle near 90°, while another three crystal faces are intrinsically hydrophilic with water contact angles <65°. Based on surface energy analysis, it is found that the total surface energy, polar component and Lewis base portion of the hydrophobic crystal face are all smaller than the other three hydrophilic crystal faces indicating that they have different surface states. DFT simulation further revealed that the adsorbed interfacial water molecules on each crystal face hold various orientations. Herein, the third crucial factor for surface wettability from the perspective of the molecular level is presented, that is the orientations of adsorbed interfacial water molecules apart from the macro-level chemical component and surface topography. This study may serve as a source of inspiration for improving wetting theoretical models and designing controllable wettability at the molecular/atomic level.
En-route headway-based bus reliability with real-time data at network scale
Authors: Li Yiyi , Tan Huadong
Published: July 2020

Bus reliability has long attracted attention and been extensively studied to enhance service quality. However, existing research generally evaluates bus reliability of specific routes or stops. To this end, this study explores en-route bus reliability with real-time data at network scale. Drawing on data of bus automatic vehicle location and smart card usage in Ningbo, China, this study calculates headway-based reliability with the difference between actual and scheduled headway at each stop. To demonstrate the trend of stop-level reliability along a bus route, reliability is graded and visualized on a map with ridership at each stop, which is then weighted with passenger-boarding volume. Route-level reliability is then quantified and mapped, where unreliable service basically concentrates in or extends through the centre area. With respect to network-level reliability, temporal changes are demonstrated with ridership on weekdays and at the weekend. It is observed that on weekdays, the reliability trend is similar to that of ridership, implying a causal relationship between bus travel-time variation and bus waiting-time at stops. Furthermore, a reliability comparison between weekdays in December and October shows the necessity of evaluating periodically and around important events to avoid negative riding experiences that discourage public transport usage. This research provides insights for bus agencies to systematically evaluate service reliability both spatially and temporarily, in order to identify and prioritize the routes and stops where the scope for reliability improvement and the expected benefit are greatest.
Women in Academic Surgery: A Double-Edged Scalpel
Authors: Greenup Rachel A. , Pitt Susan C.
Published: July 2020

Women continue to be underrepresented in academic surgery, especially at the leadership level. Surgical culture has been historically male dominated and recently received negative attention for higher rates of mistreatment, sexual harassment, and attrition of women compared with other medical specialties. The authors examine factors that contribute to challenges in academic surgery, making it a potentially difficult environment for women and underrepresented minorities; these include surgical culture, work–life balance, and historic promotion timelines. Efforts to change social norms and structural biases are critical to improving gender parity in academic surgery.
Diabetic Pilon Factures: Are They as Bad as We Think?
Authors: Oladeji Lasun O. , Platt Brooks , Crist Brett D.
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To identify how diabetes impacts the risk of complications requiring further surgery (deep surgical site infection, nonunion, amputation, and arthrodesis) after pilon fracture fixation.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:

Level 1 academic trauma center.

Patients:

Two hundred seventy-nine pilon fractures (276 patients) were identified. A retrospective review was performed to find patients who presented for open reduction and internal fixation of a tibial pilon fracture (OTA/AO 43). Patient demographics, medical comorbidities, OTA/AO fracture type, and surgical outcomes were reviewed.

Intervention:

Patients were stratified into cohorts based on the presence or absence of diabetes at the time of surgery.

Main Outcome Measurements:

The complications of interest that proved significant during univariate analyses were then entered into a multivariable logistic regression model using a stepwise method to identify the independent predictors for complications.

Results:

There were 43 fractures (15.4%) in patients with diabetes mellitus; 17 (39.5%) of whom were insulin-dependent diabetics. Diabetic patients were significantly more likely to have a higher body mass index (34.81 vs. 29.57, P = 0.002) and be older (55.30 ± 16.3 years vs. 41.70 ± 14.05, P < 0.001) at the time of injury. Patients without diabetes were more likely to sustain an OTA/AO 43-C3 fracture (36.0% vs. 11.6%, P = 0.001). Diabetic patients were 5.5 times more likely to require an arthrodesis [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.894–16.214; P = 0.001] and 2.7 times more likely to develop a deep infection (95% CI = 1.261–5.630; P = 0.008).

Conclusions:

Overall, diabetic patients in this study were 3.64 times more likely (95% CI = 1.854–7.159; P < 0.001) to experience any complication, despite having less complex fractures.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Cutaneous Involvement by Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Expanding the Spectrum of Histopathologic Findings in a Series of 9 Cases
Authors: Panse Gauri , Cowper Shawn , Ko Christine J. , Subtil Antonio
Published: July 2020

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell neoplasm with cutaneous involvement in ∼1% of cases. We present a single institutional series of nine patients (12 specimens) with cutaneous involvement by systemic MCL and review the clinicopathologic features. Six males and 3 females (age range 55–87 years) were included. Sites of involvement were head and neck (n = 3), trunk (n = 5), and extremities (n = 4). Histopathologically, 3 showed classic cytomorphology, 2 were blastoid, 3 pleomorphic, and 1 showed features resembling marginal zone lymphoma. Two cases presented with cutaneous lesions as the first tissue manifestation of the disease. A second malignancy was identified in 3/9 cases (2 melanomas and 1 papillary thyroid carcinoma). In one patient, MCL was juxtaposed with metastatic melanoma within the same biopsy specimen. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies, when available, demonstrated the characteristic t(11,14) translocation. Direct immunofluorescence was performed on one case and showed immunoglobulin M (IgM) expression on the tumor cells. Follow-up was available in 7 cases (mean 42 months, range 6–78 months) and revealed death from disease for 6 patients that occurred within 1 week to 11 months (mean 4 months) after cutaneous involvement. In our series, 6/9 cases demonstrated blastoid, pleomorphic, or marginal zone lymphoma–like morphologies that could potentially mimic other hematolymphoid neoplasms. MCL may show surface IgM expression on DIF or may occur in association with other solid tumors. Immunohistochemistry for cyclin D1 and/or SOX-11 may be helpful for diagnosis, and imaging studies may be necessary to detect systemic involvement when cutaneous involvement is the first manifestation of the disease.
Effect of virtual reality simulation training on real-life cataract surgery complications: systematic literature review
Authors: Rothschild Philip , Richardson Amy , Beltz Jacqueline , Chakrabarti Rahul
Published: July 2020

Virtual reality simulation (VRS) has become progressively popular as a training tool in ophthalmology. However, debate continues as to whether VRS has resulted in better outcomes for patients after cataract surgery. Accordingly, a qualitative systematic literature review was conducted to identify whether VRS training results in a reduced complication rate after real-life cataract surgery. Included studies measured the effect of VRS on real-life patient outcomes after cataract surgery. Databases searched included MEDLINE (Ovid), The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and CINAHL. A total of 1917 studies were identified, of which 10 studies were included, spanning from 2011 to 2020. The studies comprised 471 ophthalmological residents, with their complication rates assessed after 30 462 cataract surgery procedures. This systematic literature review indicates that VRS seems to be most helpful in reducing the rate of posterior capsular rupture or errant curvilinear capsulorrhexis and had limited evidence in reducing the rate of other complications.