bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Preventive Vaccination Approaches for Children with Health Problems: Prospective Cohort Study Results
Authors: Fedoseenko Marina V. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Vishneva Elena A. , Tolstova Svetlana V. , Selvyan Arevaluis M. , Kaliuzhnaia Tatiana A. , Shakhtakhtinskaya Firuza Ch. , Soloshenko Margarita A. , Privalova Tatiana E. , Fominyh Maria V. , Zinovyeva Tatiana E.
Published: December 2021

Background. Modern preventive vaccination is intended to protect and enhance the health of every person considering age and health issues. Vaccination of children with chronic diseases in our country remains extremely topical and arguable problem that associated with many pending issues for doctors of various specialties, including those working as primary care specialists.

Objective. The aim of the study is to develop major approaches and to prove scientifically the efficacy and safety of preventive vaccination for children with various chronic diseases.

Methods. We have conducted comprehensive study of 100 children aged from 1 month to 17 years 11 months. Children were divided into 4 groups according to the specific disease. Vaccinal and infectious history was analyzed. The post-vaccination period was estimated due to the results of the questionnaire completed by parents. Vaccination immunogenicity was estimated based on the results of the level of specific antibodies to various controlled infections (measles, rubella, parotitis, hepatitis B, pertussis, haemophilus influenza type b).

Results. Protective titers of antibodies against haemophilus influenza type b were revealed in 96.2% of all examined patients, tetanus and hepatitis B — in 95.2%, against pertussis — in 92.5%, rubella — in 91%, measles — in 87.5%, parotitis — in 71.9%, chickenpox — in 69% children a month after the completed vaccination. The postvaccinal period was characterized as favorable in most patients. Major changes in overall health status occurred after vaccination in 42% of children was the following: subfebrile fever, capriciousness, or fatigue. Local reactions have developed only in 15% of cases.

Conclusion. The results of this study have demonstrated the preventive vaccination efficacy and safety in children with various chronic diseases
House of a Rural Migrant: Three-dimensional Modeling and Memory of Post-war Migrations to the Kaliningrad Region
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Baranova E. V. , Maslov V. N. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Orlova V. D. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2021

One of the main elements of the historical memory of Kaliningraders is the settlement of the region by Soviet people after the Second World War. The article shows the possibility of using virtual modeling to preserve the memory of the migration policy of the Soviet era, which is significant for separate regions and the entire state. Drawing on the example of the Kaliningrad region, a detailed description of 3D-reconstruction of the dwelling house – most important element of the rural settler’s life is given. The problems of searching and using in the course of modeling archival, oral, material, visual and other historical sources both in the field of settling and in places of removal are considered. The difficulties that have arisen during the virtual reconstruction of individual items of the post-war Soviet everyday life are characterized.
Moral Elaboration of Collective Trauma (Based on the Belarusian Protest 2020–2021)
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Belyaeva E. V.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to comprehending the collective trauma of the Belarusian society, received during public protests against the falsification of the presidential elections in 2020–2021, and its moral elaboration, which takes place regardless of the political development of events. Moral study of the trauma is aimed at restoring moral values and social practices of their implementation. These values include: the absolute value of human life, truthfulness, non-violence, solidarity, fearlessness, justice, trust. Narratives and interpretations are created in advance, making possible subsequent models of reconciliation, realizing positive responsibility for the past, present and future of their country.
Influence of Lead and Cadmium on Some Physiologic Indices of Allium Cepa
Authors: MIHALESCU Lucia , MARE ROSCA Oana , VOSGAN Zorica , DUMUTA Anca , CORDEA Mirela , CORDEA Mirela
Published: December 2021

The influence of the two heavy metals (Pb and Cd), in different concentrations, on the seeds germination and roots growing ofÂ Allium cepa of the two varieties (yellow onion and red onion), was studied. Sterilized Petri boxes were used; the germination substratum was cotton wool; the seeds were disinfected and wetted in appropriate solutions. For every working variant, 50 seeds of yellow onion and red onion were put in every Petri box. The following variants were used: VÂ 1 - control, distilled water; VÂ 2 - 0.1%Pb acetate; V3 - 0.4%Pb acetate; V4 - 0.1%Cd sulphate; and V5 - 0.4%Cd sulfate. In order to determine the germinative energy, the counting was performed after 5 days and for the germinative faculty after 11 days. The obtained results proved that the germinative energy and the germinative faculty were much more reduced for the red onion than for the yellow onion. As about lead, the best tolerance is that of the yellow onion; and for cadmium, the best tolerance is that of the red onion. The presence of heavy metals in the germination environment determines a reduced growing pace for the roots. By comparison, we may state that the most toxic is lead; for concentrations of 0.4% the roots of the yellow onion appeared only in the 18Â th culture day.
The Influence of Mineral and Organic Fertilisation on Production Capacity in a
Authors: COMAN Marius , AMOISUC Alexandru
Published: December 2021

This paper is an analysis of the influence of organic fertilizers, mineral and organo-mineral on the production of green mass obtained on a permanent pastures low hills , used as hay. Paper studies the evolution of green mass production under the influence of fertilization. Work data are collected for two years, 2011 and 2012 respectively at the first stitch. This paper intends to be a first step towards determining the optimal dose of fertilizers, which provides a larger production capacity correlated with economic profitability. Most green mass production was obtained from chemically fertilized variant N150 + P50 + K50 (V9). Thus, in 2011 we obtained 16.8 t / ha and in 2012 it achieved a production of 23.2 t / ha. Fertilization practices have ancestral Origins: Homer (850 BC) mentioned That Ulysses, while Reaching Troy, was Recognised by HIS dog who was playing on a pile of animal manure Taken out of the stable by the slaves and spread on the field to get better crops (Fard et Colomb, 2001). Experimental field is located in the village FIBIS which in turn lies in northern Timis County, 30 km northeast of the city of Timisoara, Timisoara county road DJ691 - Lipova. It is bordered to the northeast by Masloc, east of Remetea Minor Bencecu south, with Pischia southeast, west and northwest Seceani with Firiteaz and tax (Arad county).
Soil Structure and the Effect of Tillage Systems
Authors: ABROUGUI Khaoula , CHEHAIBI Sayed , LOUVET Jean-NoÃ«l , HANNACHI Cherif , DESTAIN Marie-France
Published: December 2021

To indentify the best soil management practices, it is necessary to quantify the modifications to the soil structure. Three different management practices were compared for short time: superficial tillage, medium tillage and conventional deep tillage. Tests were carried out over a sandy loam soil in the Higher Institute of Agronomy of Chott Meriem (Tunisia). Tillage was followed by a first resumption 10 days after tillage and a second one 20 days after. The studied parameters were measured at initial state and after each operation. Soil structure was characterized by its resistance to penetration using an electronic penetrometer and its bulk density. In soil tilled by conventional system with mouldboard ploughing, soil resistance decreased for a depth of 50 cm. In contrast, medium tillage with discs plow showed higher values of soil resistance in both the surface layer (10 cm) and the plowing depth (20 cm). Superficial tillage using discs harrow (Offset), showed higher values of soil resistance than the other tillage techniques. This study will be followed up to assess the evolution of these parameters over time.
In Vitro Studies Regarding the Control of Cryphonectria parasitica with Hydroalcoholic
Authors: PUIA Carmen Emilia , GRIGORESCU Daniela Andreea , MICLEA Raluca Vasilica
Published: December 2021

Cryphonectria parasiticaÂ Â (Murr.) Bar [syn. Endothia parasitica (Murr. And.] (anamorf:Â Endothiella sp .) is the causal agent of chestnut bark disease or chestnut blight. This disease produced great damages throughout the world, it has nearly eliminated the American chestnut tree (Â Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) from its natural range and has heavily affected the European chestnut tree (Â Castanea sativa (P.) Mill). Successful protection against Cryphonectria parasitica is a very difficult problem because the conventional control methods against the fungus are not applicable with a great success because of the extreme fungus pathogenity and on the other hand because of the characteristics of sites and host plants. In our experiments the isolates ofÂ C. parasitica were picked from the Baia Mare area and for the control with plant extracts the isolates were inoculated on PDA medium that contained the extract using the poison food technique. The different extracts in three different concentrations were tested in 80 mm diameter Petri plates incubated at 25ÂºC and assessed after three, six and nine days of incubation. The fungistatic effect of the extracts was established by examining the presence or the absence of the colony growth. The colonies were measured establishing the colony area that appeared on the treated plates using the ellipse area formula. The results were expressed as the inhibition percent of the tested plant extracts.
Influence of Manure on Productivity and Quality of a Meadow Of Festuca Rubra L.
Authors: MOREA Adriana , ROTAR Ioan , PÄ‚CURAR Florin , BOGDAN Anca
Published: December 2021

Researchers current concerns are to maintain the high floristic biodiversity, enabling sustainable development of natural grasslands in mountain areas. Large surfaces of the Apuseni Mountains are fertilized with organic fertilization (these is the only way of fertilization used by grasslands owners), fact which causes probably the high phytodiversity specific for these area. Grassland management is the one who creates and maintains a high phytodiversity, being able also to reduce it drastically in a short time. This involves research at various levels of intensification in order to determine how productivity and phytodiversity of grassland evolves over time. The first studies conducted in the Apuseni Mountains were aimed to increase production and fodder quality through various technological methods (fertilization with organic fertilizers, amendment, overseeding etc.), without taking into account the specific biodiversity of phytocenosis. Currently the problem is changing radically and in all research actions undertaken is not overlooked the environmental dimension. Through this experience we plan to examine how different doses of organic fertilizers influencing productivity and fitodiversitatea of mountain meadows.
Evaluation of Pheromone Lure as Mass-Trapping Tools for Western Flower Thrips
Authors: COVACI Anca Dafina , OLTEAN Ion , POP Aurelia
Published: December 2021

Frankliniella occidentalisÂ Â (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) adult male has sternal glands whose role is to produce pheromones. It is known that there are two major components in the headspace volatiles of thrips adult male that are not present in the headspace volatiles of adult female. Those components, (R)-lavandulyl acetate and neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate were synthesized for the first time in Romania by "Raluca Ripan" Institute for Research in Chemistry (Cluj-Napoca). We have tested a blend of those in the greenhouse cucumber (Â Cucumis sativum ) crops of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine. Period study lasted in 4 weeks. Blue sticky traps were coated with insect glue on both surfaces and a rubber septum which contained the blend was attached in the center of a side of a trap. Two traps with pheromone lure and one trap without pheromone lure were hung up to a 20 cm distance from the tip of the plant. Both female and males were trapped. We observed a higher percentage of males on pheromone trap. Our data revealed that the total number of western flower thrips caught on pheromone traps ranged between 1537 and 1941 as compared with the total number of thrips caught on control trap (1333). According to our results we conclude that pheromone traps could be effective tools forÂ F. occidentalis mass trapping and for the use in integrated pest management strategies.
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Some Inbred Maize Lines
Authors: COPá‚NDEAN Ana
Published: December 2021

The genetic value of maize inbred lines is determined by the source of germplasm that they are extracted from, the selection methods used during the successive inbreeding generations, as well as by the combination capacity expressed in the obtained heterosis. In the field of applied genetics, quantifying genetic distance can be considered a tool for predicting heterosis, which serves to the prognostication of hybridization formulas with the best possible performance. The priority objectives that need to be studied in the assessment of genetic diversity are numerous and need to be discussed systematically. Considering the importance and timeliness of research knowledge on phenotypic diversity and genetic inbred lines, our analysis methods pursued the following objectives: evaluating genetic diversity; controlling, conservation, utilizing and maintaining the existing germplasm on a rigorous scientific basis. The biological material used in the conducted research was represented by: 5 inbred lines, considered to be indicators of the heterotic groups, and 12 lines, new creations of the maize breeding team at ARDS Turda. Analysis of additive effects corresponding to quantitative characters is one of the most effective ways to determine the amelioration value of donor sources of favourable genetic material for complementarily perfecting the initial material during recurring selection works. The calculation of additive and non-additive genic effects, allowed the prediction of genetic performance in simple and trilinear hybrids, with maximum chances of confirmation by the competition experiments, for homologation.
The Advantages of Using Biogas as an Alternative Fuel in Rural Areas
Authors: DUMITRU Mariana
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the advantages of using biogas as an alternative source of energy, especially in rural areas and insists on its specific advantages, compared to other alternative fuels, such as bio-ethanol and bio-diesel, which are very significant fuels which can be used in the future, but are contested from the social point of view, because they use as raw materials plants, some of them being used as food sources for mankind. The main advantage of biogas is that it is obtained from residues and wastes, so it has the ability to transform waste material into a valuable resource in the conditions in which many countries are facing enormous problems associated with overproduction of organic wastes from industry, agriculture and households. Biogas production is an excellent way to comply with increasingly restrictive national and European regulations in this domain and to use organic wastes for energy production, which is followed by recycling of the digested substrate as fertilizer. In the paper is emphasized the fact that a biogas plant is not only a supplier of energy. The digested substrate is a valuable soil fertiliser, rich in nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and micronutrients, which can be applied on soils with the usual equipments for application of liquid manure. A wide range of biomass types can be used as substrates for the production of biogas. The most common biomass categories used in European biogas production are : animal manure and slurry, agricultural residues and by-products,Â ï€ digestible organic wastes from food and agro- industries, organic fraction of municipal waste and from catering, sewage sludge, dedicated energy crops (maize, miscanthus, sorghum, clover).Â One main advantage of biogas production is the ability to use â€œwet biomassâ€ types as feedstock, all characterised by moisture content higher than 60-Â 70% (such as sewage sludge, animal slurries, flotation sludge from food processing etc.). In the late years, a number of energy crops (grains, maize, rapeseed), have been largely used as feedstock for biogas production in countries like Austria or Germany. Besides energy crops, all kinds of agricultural residues, damaged crops, unsuitable for food or resulting from unfavourable growing and weather conditions, can be used to produce biogas and fertiliser. A number of animal by-products, not suitable for human consumption, can also be processed in biogas plants.
Physicochemical Assessment of Water Quality in Nicolina River
Authors: OIȘTE Ana - Maria , BREABÄ‚N Iuliana Gabriela
Published: December 2021

Nutrient regime is related to the variation during the seasonal changes, especially the temperature modifications, land-use transformation and other physico-chemical parameters variation, influenced by main activities outside and inside the Iași city. Nicolina river is the main Bahlui river tributary on the south of buildup area of Iași city, and it has one of the most important influence in Bahlui river water quality, due to different characteristic of the areas it cross: rural area, industrial area, and the area with individual and collective houses. This paper presents the regime of the NHÂ 3, NHÂ 4 and PO4 during the dry and wet season (December, April and June), of the samples taken from the Nicolina river (15 samples), the changes imposed by the seasonal variation being obvious. Field observations were conducted to study the Nicolina river in order to establish sampling points, followed by sampling and lab analyses of the physico-chemical indicators, like pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, oxygen regime, hardness, alkalinity as well as heavy metals. Form all data the most relevant variation have been on the nutrients regime due to natural and anthropic sources. The Arc GIS 9.3 software were used for illustrated spatial distribution of obtained data followed by some correlations based on cluster analysis, that highlight the influence of human activities within the buildup area and the succession of seasons, the amounts of NHÂ 3, NH4 and PO4 becoming almost doubled, passing from the class II and III to class III and IV.
Bioterrorism and Environment
Authors: PARASCHIV Catalin-Razvan
Published: December 2021

Bioterrorism is a current threat of terrorism as a contemporary exponent. Bioterrorism vectors affect the security environment causing damage with direct action on the human habitat. In a bioterrorist attack environment undergoes major changes and transformations in human factors implications especially as the main target of terrorist elements. Bioterrorist attack is the most important manifestation of terrorism in terms of spreading panic and terror of the civilized world community. As a principal result of equation bioterrorism-environment, negative effect is received by human.
Environmental Issues within the Chlor-Alkali Manufacturing Industry -
Authors: MIHAIESCU Tania , MIHAIESCU Radu , ODAGIU Antonia
Published: December 2021

At present is estimated that around 12000 tones of mercury are contained in mercury cells used for chlorine production in the EU. Mercury contamination risk, remains active for long periods after the removing of the pollutant source, and is recognized as extremely dangerous for humans and environment due to the toxicity of various mercury compounds that can accumulate in the trophic chains. Almost all facilities using mercury -cell process reports unaccounted for mercury losses. The annual mercury balance for a site is never zero. This is because mercury accumulates in plant equipment and structures during the life of the plant. The majority of mercury losses occur, in the various process wastes. Considerable emissions of mercury can also occur with run-off water. The soil at many sites is contaminated with mercury due to deposition of atmospheric diffuse emissions and/or historical disposal of mercury contaminated wastes. An even greater problem is represented by the decommissioning of obsolete facilities when large quantities of mercury can escape in the environment despite all precaution measures.
The Environmental Fingerprint. A Case Study
Authors: ODAGIU Antonia , OROIAN Ioan Gh. , MIHAIESCU Tania , MAXIM Aurel , MIRZA Manuela Camelia
Published: December 2021

.Â Â The new concept of â€ecological fingerprintâ€ is approached in this paper, together with a case study concerning the â€carbon fingerprintâ€. The scientific bases of this concept were elaborated by Rees and Wackernagel, at University of Columbia in early â€˜90s. Their overall significance last in the ability of our planet to produce all resources needed for a healthy food, goods, and services supplies, in order to satisfy the consumption needs of population, and also to absorb the waste produced by the earth population and their activities. Thus, the concerned resources, consumptions, waste, etc. are transformed into a single variable. The basis of this approach is represented by the ratio between the human consumption of natural resources and the global capacity of earth to regenerate natural resources. The â€global hectaresâ€ represents the measure unit for the ecological fingerprint, and it has four components. These four components of the ecological fingerprint are represented by: the carbon fingerprint, the food fingerprint, the housing fingerprint, and the goods and services fingerprint.
Quality Control of Drinking Water Analysis in Concordance with Standard Requirements in Force
Authors: FLORESCU Diana , SANDRU Claudia , IONETE Roxana , CULEA Monica
Published: December 2021

In order to use a healthy fluid for human consumption, water should be aesthetically acceptable, should be free from apparent turbidity, colour, odour, objectionable taste and microbial contamination. The demand for such potable water has been an important issue, due to poor quality of ground water and rapid increase in population every year. A case study related of drinking water is presented together with our laboratory management, the staff involvement, the implementations of the quality objectives and all our activities related to water control. Fairness and reliability of testing and standardized methods performed by a laboratory are determined by many factors including: human factors; accommodation and environmental conditions; methods of testing and standardized methods; equipments and methods validation; measurement traceability, sampling and handling of testing measurements. This is an implementation procedure of drinking water analyses from a laboratory, development of strategies to accreditation system and obtaining the certified measurements. Accreditations protocol recognizes the laboratories competence to test standardize and use thi s international standard as a basis for their authentication. Implementation of risk management strategies include national standards developed from the international guidelines. These are describing the minimum requirements of safe practice to the consumerâ€™s health and concentrations values for indicators of water quality. In the development and implementation of standards it is essential to take into account legislation regarding water and public health, government official laws and if is assessed the capacity of these regulations.Surveillance of drinking water quality can be defined as â€œthe continuous and vigilant public health assessment and review of the safety and acceptability of drinking water suppliesâ€.
The Effect of Cold Storage on Some Quality Characteristics of Minimally Processed Parsley (Petroselinum crispum), Dill (Anethum graveolens) and Lovage (Levisticum officinale)
Authors: CÄ‚TUNESCU Giorgiana Mihaela , TOFANÄ‚ Maria , MUREȘAN Crina , RANGA Floricuța , DAVID Adriana , MUNTEAN Mircea
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the effect of storage at refrigeration temperature on some quality characteristics of the most important Romanian seasoning herbs, presented as minimally processed products. The herbs, sealed in polyethylene bags, were stored at 4Â°C for 12 days. The evaluation of quality characteristics: sensory analysis, humidity, chlorophyll and vitamin C was done in the 1st, 5th, 8th and 12th day. Total quality of parsley, dill and lovage assessed by sensory analysis (color, texture and flavor) decreased little after 12 days. The water content of each sample did not statistically differ along the storage period. During storage, total chlorophylls content decreased for all samples as they started yellowing. After 12 days, the decrease of total chlorophylls was of 42% for parsley, 45% for dill and 38% for lovage. The content of vitamin C determined for the three aromatic plants can be estimated as high. During the 12 day of storage, the content of ascorbic acid diminished by 18% for parsley samples, 8% for dill and 3% for lovage. In conclusion, minimally processed parsley, dill and lovage sealed in polyethylene bags and stored at 4Â°C for 12 days have a shelf life of up to 12 days of storage, with little modifications of quality parameters.Â Â Â
Docking of Phytochemicals to the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Ligand Binding Domain
Authors: COMAN Cristina , SOCACIU Carmen
Published: December 2021

In this study, the interaction between the phytochemical molecules - piperine and pipernonaline - and the ligand binding domain of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-Î³ is investigated at a theoretical level by using the AutoDock software, which is a program that allows docking of molecular ligands to receptor macromolecules. The docking results show that the ligandreceptor complexes are formed through hydrogen bond interactions. The hydrogen bonds involve oxygen atoms in the piperine and pipernonaline ligands as hydrogen bond acceptors and hydrogen atoms from =NH or -NH groups of the amino acid residues in the receptor as hydrogen bond donors. Â 2
The Behavior of Some Autumn Wheat Varieties in the Conditions of the Transilvania Central Area
Authors: MAN Simona , MUSTE Sevastița , PÄ‚UCEAN Adriana , POP Anamaria
Published: December 2021

The goal of this paper is to monitor and reveal the behavior of 10 varieties of autumn wheat in two different climatic zones from Transylvania central areas (Turda and Targu Mures), under the action of agrofond. In order to achieve this study have used samples of wheat from 2009 - 2010 harvest year. To determine the quality of wheat were analyzed three wheat quality parameters (protein, wet gluten, sedimentation index). In the conditions of Turda and Targu Mures areas, in the 2009/2010 year crop, Josef has registered the highest values, followed by wheat variety Turda 2000 and Dropia variety and the lowest values were obtained from Serina wheat variety. In the Targu Mures area were registered higher values for protein content, wet gluten and sedimentation index compared with the Turda culture area and in terms of application of fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus, these Â have influenced the quality parameters in positively way, resulting in very significant positive values compared to the unfertilized control variant.Â
Research Regarding the Use of Wheat Biodiversity for Obtaining some Cereal-Based Fermented Mashes
Authors: PÄ‚CALÄ‚ Mariana Liliana , OPREAN Letiția , FAVIER Lidia , DANCIU Cristina Anca , LENGYEL Ecaterina
Published: December 2021

Cereal-based fermented beverages are an opportunity to include probiotics and fiber in human nutrition. Nowadays, increasing the interest for rediscovering the benefits, on scientific basis, of traditional fermented beverages based on cereals. Fermented mashes based on different cereal grist, namely Braga in Romanian, is a healthy and nutritious beverage, a source for new functional products with beneficial effects on human health. Physical-chemical and sensorial characteristics of these beverages depend on the ingredients and method of preparation. In this article was analyzed the influence of the five varieties of wheat on the main physical-chemical and sensorial characteristics of the fermented mashes obtained from grounded debranned millet (Panicum miliaceum), different species of wheat (Triticum aestivum - two variety, Triticum durum - one varieties, Triticum spelta - one variety and Triticum turgidum - one variety) and well modified Pilsner barley malt. There have been two series of determinations: first series with ground millet with the disc mill set to 0.1 mm and a second series with ground millet with the disc mill set to 0.4 mm disc gap. For both series, the other grains used were milled to 0.4 mm disc gap. The mashes content is 1:12 = grounded mix (millet : wheat : barley malt = 1.33:1:1): water. After boiling, reconstruction of the initially content with water, filtering and adding of 7% w/w white crystalline sugar those two series of five sweet mashes was inoculated with a mixed culture (0,01% w/w - dry wheat beer yeast and 0,04% w/w - dry cheese lactic acid bacteria), incubated at 30 ÂºC for 15 h in the thermostat and then stored at 6ÂºC for 63 h. At beginning and follow-up of fermentation the mashes were analyzed (pH, volatile and total acidity, total and soluble dry substances, alcohol concentration and dynamic viscosity). At the end of fermentation, it was done the sensory evaluation (colour, sweet, sour, taste, texture and stability). All determinations have made in triplicate and data are shown as mean Â± SD. The best results have obtained for mashes containing T. Spelta wheat, followed by mashes with T. durum variety. Highest dynamic viscosity and total acidity was recorded for mashes obtained with Triticum turgidum variety of wheat.
The Quality of Romanian Honey Varieties - mineral content and textural properties
Authors: TUDOREANU Liliana , CODREANU Mario , CRIVINEANU Victor , GORAN Gheorghe
Published: December 2021

The viscosity, flow behaviour index, consistency index and mineral content of several honey varieties were measured for four consecutive years (2009-2011). Potassium concentration had the most impressive variation from 532 mg/kg in 2009 for the sunflower honey variety to 112,5mg/kg in 2010 for the rapeseed plant honey.Â  Strontium concentrations were less than 0.3 mg/kg, however further investigation is needed in order to certify these findings.Â  We have suggested that honey viscosity and its variation with temperature may be a relevant quality parameter due especially to consumersâ€™ preference for high viscosity honey varieties.Â Â
Catechin-rich Tea Extracts Improve the Lactobacillus casei Growth During Lactic
Authors: VODNAR Dan , RANGA Floricuța , POP Oana , SOCACIU Carmen
Published: December 2021

Tea is rich in polyphenols and phenolics compounds that have been widely reported to have beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of catechins, major phenols in tea, to act as growth factors for Lactobacillus casei during lactic acid fermentation. Major catechins presented in tea extracts are gallocatechin, catechin, epigalocatechin, galocatechingalat, epicatechingalat, catechingalat. Different concentrations of green tea and black tea extracts have been added to MRS model media. Growth and viability of Lactobacillus casei was positively affected by the addition of green tea and black tea extracts. This indicates that green tea and black tea addition exert protective effect on Lactobacillus casei growth in MRS media, increasing the viability and biomass production, probably by acting as metabolic enhancer. This results indicated the posibility of using green tea and black tea as metabolic enhancers for the growth of Lactobacillus casei.Â
Salt in Fast Food Products and Ready-to-Eat Sauces: Should it Be a Matter of Concern for Public Health?
Authors: ZUGRAVU Corina Aurelia , TARCEA Monica , SOPTICA Florin , PATRASCU Daniela , STOIAN-PANTEA Anca
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Salt intake is an important public health issue in the contemporary world, since salt overconsumption is a major risk factor for high blood pressure. Some of the important sources of salt are fast food products, generally over salted in order to be desirable for the consumer. In the present study we evaluated salt levels in some very popular fast food dishes in Romania, in 2011. Local public health authorities gathered randomly 5 samples per product (shaorma, burger, pizza) in their county. Samples of sauces were also gathered, as important components of fast food dishes (mayonnaise, ketchup, other). Salt levels were measured in local laboratories. Data was collected by the National Institute of Public Health. Results showed considerable differences between samples, with minimal values under 1 % salt and maximal values of 1.9% (burgers, Arad; pizza, Olt). Differences were present not only in on-spot produced dishes, but also in ready-to-eat sauces, where some producers use very high quantities of salt. The average values of salt concentrations were: 1.5% for pizza, 1.33 % for shaorma, burgers and mayonnaise, 1.87% for ketchup and 1.4% for other sauces. Figures found are over the average values for home-made dishes, so efforts need to be made to determine fast food business operators to add less salt and to enhance taste by substituting it with other seasonings like herbs and spices. Food reformulation initiatives, although very difficult to implement in the gastronomy/ fast food sector, may achieve significant results in tackling salt intake via fast food products and ready-to-eat sauces and dressings.
Antioxidants Used in Pet Feed
Authors: BUNGHEZ Florina , SOCACIU Carmen , CATUNESCU Giorgiana Mihaela
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study is to present a documentation about the antioxidants used in pet feed, and the toxicity exerted on pets.Â  Natural and artificial antioxidants are used in the industry of pet feed to protect oils and fats against lipid peroxidation or oxidative rancidity. In the present paper 4 brands of moist and dry feed were analysed. In order to determine the toxicity of the antioxidants used in pet feed, some literature studies regarding genotoxicity, teratogenicity, carcinogenity, allergen potential and fetotoxicity were consulted. After revising the literature we found that: ADI for BHA was established 100 mg/kg bw/day. The NOAEL for a 90 days study was 62,5 mg/kg bw; In a long therm study the NOAEL was 250 mg/kg bw; at reproductive and developmental levels the NOAEL was 0.125 mg/ kg bw and at teratogenic level the NOAEL was 400 mg/kg bw. LD was 2000 mg/kg bw. Following the studies results we can conclude that: TBHQ (BHA secondary metabolite) has 50 carcinogenic effect; TBHQ has genotoxic effect; BHA has no teratogenic effect; BHA has allergen potential.
Preliminary Study of the Malt Extract Addition on the Wholemeal Bread Quality
Authors: MAN Simona , PÄ‚UCEAN Adriana , MUSTE Sevastița , DAMIAN Mihaela
Published: December 2021

Malt extract is used for improving the bread quality made from flour with low ability to form sugars.Â  Introduced in dough it is useful for the yeast development, and multiplication and improve the gas fermentation yield. Therefore malt extract is considered a dough improver. An important role is played by proteolytic enzymes of malt extracts. Present in large amounts proteolytic enzymes lead to worsening the bread quality and increase dough property to widen. Therefore for improving quality of malt extract, must take into account not only the chemical components but also the fermentation activity. Dosing of malt extract is made depending on its fermentation activity and the properties flour, so the amount varies between 1 and 3% by weight flour.The purpose of this study was to emphasize the positive changes of the physical and chemical properties of wholemeal bread, by adding malt extract in different percentages (1% and 2%)
Inheritance of Grain Dry-Down in Corn (Zea mays L.).
Authors: FILIPENCO Andrei , MANDACHE Valentin , VALSAN Gabriela , IVAN Florin , CIOCAZANU Ion
Published: December 2021

Breeding for faster grain dry-down in corn is an essential objective of modern corn breeding programs all over the world due to important economic reasons. A reliable, large scale, fast, non-destructive wood moisture Voltcraft FM-200 Humidity meter was used to successively measure the grain moisture of field corn individual plants for a large number of corn genotypes, hybrids and inbred lines, in different stages of Pioneer corn breeding program, during 2010-2012. A calibration curve (successive determinations of the grain moisture by using in parallel the wood moisture meter readings and grain moisture obtained by standard gravimetric method) has been used to transform the wood moisture meter readings in estimated % grain moisture (EPGM). DDIND values, a propose selection index, computed as the slope between EPGM and measurement timing, have been used to apply ANOVA analysis; Preliminary results showed that the methods allowed identification of real genotypic differences and advance genotypes with fast DDR. Using the components of variances obtained in ANOVA analysis, an estimate of the heritability of the DDIND was computed. The relative large value of the heritability, of more than 0.50 (50%),Â  suggested the efficiency of the method in detecting genotypic variations and that selectingÂ  by using DDIND for rapid dry down would result in an efficient improvement of this important agronomic trait of modern corn inbred lines and hybrids.
Characterization of the growth of Rhizobium trifolii and Sinorhizobium meliloti in different culture media
Authors: NISTE Monica , VIDICAN Roxana , ROTAR Ioan , POP Rodica
Published: December 2021

Legumes have the ability to form symbiotic interactions with soil bacteria, called rhizobia. Bacteria of the genus Rhizobium are able to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia when compounds are exchanged between the bacteroid and its plant host. The present study describes the characterization of Rhizobium strains isolated from root nodules of Trifolium pratense and Medicago sativa grown in a greenhouse. The main objective of the experiment was to identify which medium is more suitable for the development of different strains of rhizobia. The Rhizobium strains are rod shaped, Gram negative and mucus producing. The rhizobia were identified and isolated using different media yeast extract mannitol agar (YEMA) containing Congo red, and a medium including boron (B), an essential micronutrient. The Petri plates were incubated at 28ÂºC and inspected three days after the inoculation. The colony morphology was analysed based on type, appearance, transparency, colour and the effectiveness of boron on Rhizobium growth.
Ecotourism as a viable alternative for economic development of Romanian rural communities
Authors: ANDREI Daniela Ruxandra , GOGONEA Rodica Manuela , CHIRITESCU Vergina , SZTRUTEN (LEFTER) Gina , BUSUIOC Florin Marian
Published: December 2021

Perspective the use of space tourism in rural area, but not only in this area, must be based on the concept of ecological space based on the principle of equity, then an area needs to be provided in-house and in conditions of sustainable development. Sustainable human development can not be conceived outside the human settlements development of a viable economy and a diversified social life in a healthy environment, ensured respect cultural heritage - historical society. Numerous researches have shown that ecotourism can be a viable alternative for economic development of Romanian rural communities. This research aims to study ecotourism in the context of sustainable development of rural Romanian areas and conditions to protect its natural resources. This category of natural resources now put the following problems: exploitation beyond the regeneration, especially in soils and forests, pollution of the environment that minimizes the potential for regeneration. Having as main source of information national and international literature and data provided by the National Institute of Statistics of Romania, was created a pretty thorough fundamental research in specific field. The main research method was used were: bibliographical study, literature review and synthesis, collection and processing of statistical data, etc. Environmental protection has been considered as a basic problem in tourism since the beginning of this activity in our country. Ecological attitude towards natural resources exploitation involves giving unlimited and irrational generalization about the importance of scientific concept of biosphere preservation of natural resources for future generations. In the spirit of these principles requires development of ecological strategies of development (eco-development), capable of providing a healthy and rational use of resources specific to a particular ecosystem, to meet basic human needs. Protected areas are, in part, and highly attractive tourist destinations such as Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, National Parks and other natural reserves, except, of course, scientific reserves (strictly protected). Protection and conservation of rural tourism potential is emerging as a separate issue, which requires collaboration of specialists in various fields. Starting from the concept that "sustainable development of viable and sustainable ecological development that is considered to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" tourism, especially ecotourism, as an economic activity, it is this scientific approach and should cooperate with other industries and economic activities to ensure environmental quality, resource base and its survival. More so, it becomes necessary co-participation, to this end, the central and local authorities, local communities, along with tourism providers and related services.
Carbon Footprint and Shale Gaze Emissions
Authors: ODAGIU Antonia , OROIAN Ioan , COVRIG Ilie , PAULETTE Laura
Published: December 2021

ConventionalÂ  andÂ  unconventionalÂ  energyÂ  productionÂ  hasÂ  anÂ  importantÂ  contributionÂ  to carbonÂ  footprintÂ  enhancing.Â  BecauseÂ  ofÂ  largeÂ  controversyÂ  of shaleÂ  gazeÂ  exploitationÂ  perspectiveÂ  in Romania,Â  weÂ  considerÂ  ofÂ  highÂ  interestÂ  toÂ  emphasize,Â  aÂ  methodologyÂ  forÂ  quantifyingÂ  theÂ  carbon footprint of the methane resulted from shale gaze exploitation. In context of analyzing the relatively newÂ  unconventionalÂ  energyÂ  resourceÂ  asÂ  shaleÂ  gazeÂ  exploitations,Â  weÂ  areÂ  mentioningÂ  theÂ  American literature,Â  whoÂ  showsÂ  thatÂ  3.6% -Â  7.9%Â  ofÂ  theÂ  methaneÂ  fromÂ  shale-gasÂ  productionÂ  escapesÂ  toÂ  the atmosphere in venting and leaks over the lifetime of a well. The methodology, we analyze, takes into accountÂ  directÂ  emissionsÂ  ofÂ  CO2Â  fromÂ  endÂ  usesÂ  consumption,Â  indirectÂ  emissionsÂ  ofÂ  CO2Â  fromÂ  fossil fuelsÂ  usedÂ  toÂ  extract,Â  develop,Â  andÂ  transportÂ  theÂ  gas,Â  methaneÂ  fugitiveÂ  emissions,Â  ventingÂ  and equipment leaks, in accordance with steps recommended by the Organization Environmental Footprint (OEF)Â  Guide.Â  TheÂ  sourceÂ  ofÂ  examplesÂ  isÂ  EPAÂ  emissionsÂ  reportÂ  2010.Â  AnÂ  importantÂ  stepÂ  for responsibleÂ  management,Â  ofÂ  thisÂ  newÂ  approachedÂ  perspectiveÂ  of energyÂ  producingÂ  inÂ  Romania,Â  is to takeÂ  into considerationÂ  all issues that couldÂ  contributeÂ  toÂ  environmentalÂ  safety,Â  andÂ  amongÂ  theseÂ  the calculation of the carbon footprint is of interest, due to the important details it supplies.
Identification of Debris Phenomena in Pine Trees, and Ways of their Management
Authors: BURDUHOS Petru , OROIAN Ioan , COVRIG Ilie , HOLONEC Liviu , ȘULEA Constantin
Published: December 2021

The most important studies performed worldwide with presented specific methods, supply theÂ  possibilityÂ  ofÂ  elaboratingÂ  ourÂ  reviewÂ  studyÂ  in:Â Â Â  pineÂ  seedlingÂ  physiologyÂ  andÂ  theÂ  importanceÂ  to survival and growth of pine seedling physiology, identification of the environmental factors that are critical to successful pine seedling performance, and comparison of the effectiveness of various tests for predicting survival and growth of pine seedlings in nurseries. The aim of the paper is to emphasize the main causes of debris phenomena in pine trees, and also to establish current pine nursery integrated management assessment methods The research was carriedÂ  onÂ  availableÂ  literature,Â  fromÂ  lastÂ  fiveÂ  years,Â  availableÂ  fromÂ  internationalÂ  databases,Â  andÂ  also from national forestry offices. A series of methods are usually used in order to identify the performances of pine seedlings in nurseries,Â  andÂ  possibleÂ  debrisÂ  phenomenaÂ  apparition,Â  andÂ  amongÂ  themÂ  weÂ  shallÂ  implement: morphological measurements (height, stem diameter, bud length, shoot: root ratio, shoot weight, root weight,Â  etc.),Â  physiologicalÂ  measurementsÂ  (electrolyteÂ  leakage,Â  enzymaticÂ  activity,Â  waterÂ  potential, waterÂ  conductance,Â  mineralÂ  nutrition,Â  foodÂ  reserves).Â  ToÂ  aboveÂ  mentionedÂ  methodsÂ  future perspectives are open, among them being: chlorophyll fluorescence, infrared thermography, machine vision system, integrated approaches, eco-physiological evaluations, etc.).
Zearalenone Content in Cereals
Authors: MILÄ‚SAN Adrian , OROIAN Ioan , BORDEA Daniela , BRASOVEAN Ioan , MIHAI - OROIAN Constantin
Published: December 2021

MycotoxinsÂ  areÂ  metabolicÂ  productsÂ  ofÂ  toxinogeneÂ  mycetesÂ  andÂ  fromÂ  chemicalÂ  pointÂ  of view,Â  theyÂ  are:Â  polypeptides,Â  terpenicÂ  compounds,Â  derivativesÂ  ofÂ  oxalicÂ  acid,Â  alkaloids,Â  quinones derivatives, coumarin, etc. In any part of the world, where grown cereals, fodder of any kind, where climaticÂ  conditionsÂ  are favorableÂ  forÂ  theirÂ  development,Â  includingÂ  humidity,Â  temperature,Â Â Â  position, location,Â  cultivation system, harvesting and storing, certainly presence of one or more types of fungi that can contaminate the substrate and thus produce mycotoxins. The zearalenone is a mycotoxin, an acid lactone resorcylate and has chemical structure similar to steroid hormones. It has relatively high stabilityÂ  inÂ  neutralÂ  mediumÂ  andÂ  highÂ  temperaturesÂ  (80 -Â  120 0C). GrainsÂ  andÂ  grain-basedÂ  foods,Â  in particularÂ  grainsÂ  andÂ  grainÂ  millingÂ  products,Â  breadÂ  andÂ  fineÂ  bakeryÂ  wares,Â  madeÂ  theÂ  largest contributionÂ  toÂ  theÂ  estimatedÂ  zearalenoneÂ  exposure.Â  VegetableÂ  oilsÂ  alsoÂ  madeÂ  anÂ  important contribution to the zearalenone exposure. The mycotoxins that usually co-occur with zearalenone do not have oestrogenic effects. Combined effects of zearalenone and other mycotoxins are not expected toÂ  ariseÂ  inÂ  humansÂ  atÂ  dietaryÂ  exposuresÂ  belowÂ  theÂ  respectiveÂ  health-basedÂ  guidanceÂ  valuesÂ  ofÂ  the individualÂ  toxins.Â  TheÂ  possibleÂ  impactÂ  ofÂ  combinedÂ  exposureÂ  toÂ  zearalenoneÂ  withÂ  otherÂ  oestrogenic substances in food or the environment could be additive or antagonistic.