bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A DFT/TDDFT Investigation of Excited State Dynamical Mechanism of (E)‐1‐((2,2‐Diphenylhydrazono)methyl)naphthalen‐2‐ol
Authors: Yang Dapeng , Wu Jingyuan , Jia Min , Song Xiaoyan
Published: October 2017

The excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism of a new compound (E)‐1‐((2,2‐diphenylhydrazono)methyl)naphthalen‐2‐ol (EDMN) sensor, reported and synthesized by Mukherjeeet al. [Sensors Actuat. B‐Chem. 2014,202, 1190], is investigated in detail theoretically. The calculations on primary bond lengths, bond angles, and the corresponding infrared (IR) vibrational spectra and hydrogen‐bond energy involved in intramolecular hydrogen bond between the S0and S1states confirm that the intramolecular hydrogen bond is strengthened in the S1state, which reveals the tendency of ESIPT reaction. The fact that the experimental absorption and emission spectra are well reproduced demonstrates the rationality and effectiveness of the time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) level of theory we adopt here. Furthermore, intramolecular charge transfer based on the frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) gives indication of the ESIPT reaction. The constructed potential energy curves of both the S0and S1states while keeping the O─H distance ofEDMNfixed at a series of values are used to illustrate the ESIPT process. The lower barrier of ~3.934 kcal/mol in the S1state potential energy curve (lower than the 8.254 kcal/mol in the S0state) provides the transfer mechanism.
TIEG and estrogen modulate SOST expression in the murine skeleton
Authors: Subramaniam Malayannan , Pitel Kevin S. , Bruinsma Elizabeth S. , Monroe David G. , Hawse John R.
Published: October 2017

TIEG knockout (KO) mice exhibit a female‐specific osteopenic phenotype and altered expression of TIEG in humans is associated with osteoporosis. Gene expression profiling studies identified sclerostin as one of the most highly up‐regulated transcripts in the long bones of TIEG KO mice relative to WT littermates suggesting that TIEG may regulate SOST expression. TIEG was shown to substantially suppress SOST promoter activity and the regulatory elements through which TIEG functions were identified using promoter deletion and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Knockdown of TIEG in IDG‐SW3 osteocyte cells using shRNA and CRISPR‐Cas9 technology resulted in increased SOST expression and delayed mineralization, mimicking the results obtained from TIEG KO mouse bones. Given that TIEG is an estrogen regulated gene, and as changes in the hormonal milieu affect SOST expression, we performed ovariectomy (OVX) and estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) studies in WT and TIEG KO mice followed by miRNA and mRNA sequencing of cortical and trabecular compartments of femurs. SOST expression levels were considerably higher in cortical bone compared to trabecular bone. In cortical bone, SOST expression was increased following OVX only in WT mice and was suppressed following ERT in both genotypes. In contrast, SOST expression in trabecular bone was decreased following OVX and significantly increased following ERT. Interestingly, a number of miRNAs that are predicted to target sclerostin exhibited inverse expression levels in response to OVX and ERT. These data implicate important roles for TIEG and estrogen‐regulated miRNAs in modulating SOST expression in bone.
Quercetin protects against radiocontrast medium toxicity in human renal proximal tubular cells
Authors: Andreucci Michele , Faga Teresa , Pisani Antonio , Serra Raffaele , Russo Domenico , De Sarro Giovambattista , Michael Ashour
Published: October 2017

Radiocontrast media (RCM)‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) is a major clinical problem whose pathophysiology is not well understood. Direct toxic effects on renal cells, possibly mediated by reactive oxygen species, have been postulated as contributing to CI‐AKI. We investigated the effect of quercetin on human renal proximal tubular (HK‐2) cells treated with the radiocontrast medium (RCM) sodium diatrizoate. Quercetin is the most widely studied flavonoid, and the most abundant flavonol present in foods. It has been suggested to have many health benefits, including angioprotective properties and anti‐cancer effects. These beneficial effects have been attributed to its antioxidant properties and its ability to modulate cell signaling pathways. Incubation of HK‐2 cells with 100 μM quercetin caused a decrease in cell viability and pre‐treatment of HK‐2 cells with 100 μM quercetin followed by incubation with 75 mgI/ml sodium diatrizoate for 2 hr caused a decrease in cell viability which was worse than in cells treated with diatrizoate alone. However, further incubation of the cells (for 22 hr) after removal of the diatrizoate and quercetin caused a recovery in cell viability in those cells previously treated with quercetin + diatrizoate and quercetin alone. Analysis of signaling molecules by Western blotting showed that in RCM‐treated cells receiving initial pre‐treatment with quercetin, followed by its removal, an increase in phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473), pSTAT3 (Tyr705), and FoxO3a (Thr32) as well as an induction of Pim‐1 and decrease in PARP1 cleavage were observed. Quercetin may alleviate the longer‐term toxic effects of RCM toxicity and its possible beneficial effects should be further investigated.
Differences in definitive endoderm induction approaches using growth factors and small molecules
Authors: Bogacheva Mariia S. , Khan Sofia , Kanninen Liisa K. , Yliperttula Marjo , Leung Alan W. , Lou Yan‐Ru
Published: October 2017

Definitive endoderm (DE) is the first stage of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation into hepatocyte‐like cells. Developing human liver cell models for pharmaceutical applications is highly demanding. Due to the vast number of existing protocols to generate DE cells from hPSCs, we aimed to compare the specificity and efficiency of selected published differentiation conditions. We differentiated two hPSC lines (induced PSC and embryonic stem cell) to DE cells on Matrigel matrix using growth factors (Activin A and Wnt‐3a) and small molecules (sodium butyrate and IDE 1) in different combinations. By studying dynamic changes during 6 days in cell morphology and the expression of markers for pluripotency, DE, and other germ layer lineages, we found that Activin A is essential for DE differentiation, while Wnt‐3a and sodium butyrate are dispensable. Although sodium butyrate exerted rapid DE differentiation kinetics, it caused massive cell death and could not generate sufficient cells for further differentiation and applications. We further discover that IDE 1 could not induce DE as reported previously. Hereby, we compared different conditions for DE induction and found an effective six day‐protocol to obtain DE cells for the further differentiation and applications.
Involvement of the Nrf2/HO‐1/CO axis and therapeutic intervention with the CO‐releasing molecule CORM‐A1, in a murine model of autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Mangano Katia , Cavalli Eugenio , Mammana Santa , Basile Maria Sofia , Caltabiano Rosario , Pesce Antonio , Puleo Stefano , Atanasov Atanas G. , Magro Gaetano , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Fagone Paolo
Published: October 2017

Concanavalin A (ConA)‐induced hepatitis is an experimental model of human autoimmune hepatitis induced in rodents by i.v. injection of Con A. The disease is characterized by increase in serum levels of transaminases and massive immune infiltration of the livers. Type 1, type 2, and type 17 cytokines play a pathogenic role in the development of ConA‐induced hepatitis. To understand further the immunoregulatory mechanisms operating in the development and regulation of ConA‐induced hepatitis, we have evaluated the role of the anti‐inflammatory pathway Nrf2/HO‐1/CO (Nuclear Factor E2‐related Factor 2/Heme Oxygenase‐1/Carbon Monoxide) in this condition and determined whether the in vivo administration of CO via the CO‐releasing molecule (CORM) CORM‐A1, influences serological and histological development of Con‐A‐induced hepatitis. We have firstly evaluated in silico the genes belonging to the Nrf2/HO‐1/CO pathway that are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The data obtained from the in silico study demonstrate that a significant number of genes modulated in the liver of ConA‐challenged mice belong to the Nrf2 pathway; on the other hand, the administration of CORM‐A1 determines an improvement in several sero‐immunological and histological parameters, and it is able to modulate genes identified by the in silico analysis. Collectively, our data indicate that the Nrf2/HO‐1/CO pathway is fundamental for the regulation of the immune responses, and that therapeutic intervention aimed at its modulation by CORM‐A1 may represent a valuable strategy to be considered for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in humans.
A case of neurosyphilis accompanied by deterioration of type 2 diabetes management
Authors: Arii Kaoru , Kishino Wakako , Tsuji Kazuya , Sakamoto Kei , Iwasaki Yu , Yoshimoto Yukio
Published: October 2017

A 66‐year‐old man was admitted with visual impairment, functional disability, and worsening glycemic control. On admission, he had optic atrophy without diabetic retinopathy in both eyes, sensory impairment of the lower extremities, ataxia, and cognitive impairment. As both serum and cerebrospinal fluid tested positive for syphilis, he was diagnosed with neurosyphilis and treated with antibiotics. Functional ability and cognitive function improved after conducting syphilis treatment; we consequently started him on an insulin self‐administration program. Two years later, his glycemic control has normalized. Dementia caused by neurosyphilis is one of the most important differential diagnoses of treatable dementia; hence, early diagnosis and early treatment are important.
Tumor radiomic heterogeneity: Multiparametric functional imaging to characterize variability and predict response following cervical cancer radiation therapy
Authors: Bowen Stephen R. , Yuh William T.C. , Hippe Daniel S. , Wu Wei , Partridge Savannah C. , Elias Saba , Jia Guang , Huang Zhibin , Sandison George A. , Nelson Dennis , Knopp Michael V. , Lo Simon S. , Kinahan Paul E. , Mayr Nina A.
Published: October 2017

Background

Robust approaches to quantify tumor heterogeneity are needed to provide early decision support for precise individualized therapy.

Purpose

To conduct a technical exploration of longitudinal changes in tumor heterogeneity patterns on dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and FDG positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT), and their association to radiation therapy (RT) response in cervical cancer.

Study Type

Prospective observational study with longitudinal MRI and PET/CT pre‐RT, early‐RT (2 weeks), and mid‐RT (5 weeks).

Population

Twenty‐one FIGO IB2‐IVA cervical cancer patients receiving definitive external beam RT and brachytherapy.

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5T, precontrast axial T1‐weighted, axial and sagittal T2‐weighted, sagittal DWI (multi‐b values), sagittal DCE MRI (<10 sec temporal resolution), postcontrast axial T1‐weighted.

Assessment

Response assessment 1 month after completion of treatment by a board‐certified radiation oncologist from manually delineated tumor volume changes.

Statistical Tests

Intensity histogram (IH) quantiles (DCE SI10% and DWI ADC10%, FDG‐PET SUVmax) and distribution moments (mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis) were extracted. Differences in IH features between timepoints and modalities were evaluated by Skillings–Mack tests with Holm's correction. Area under receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Mann–Whitney testing was performed to discriminate treatment response using IH features.

Results

Tumor IH means and quantiles varied significantly during RT (SUVmean: ↓28–47%, SUVmax: ↓30–59%, SImean: ↑8–30%, SI10%: ↑8–19%, ADCmean: ↑16%, P < 0.02 for each). Among IH heterogeneity features, FDG‐PET SUVCoV (↓16–30%, P = 0.011) and DW‐MRI ADCskewness decreased (P = 0.001). FDG‐PET SUVCoV was higher than DCE‐MRI SICoV and DW‐MRI ADCCoV at baseline (P < 0.001) and 2 weeks (P = 0.010). FDG‐PET SUVkurtosis was lower than DCE‐MRI SIkurtosis and DW‐MRI ADCkurtosis at baseline (P = 0.001). Some IH features appeared to associate with favorable tumor response, including large early RT changes in DW‐MRI ADCskewness (AUC = 0.86).

Data Conclusion

Preliminary findings show tumor heterogeneity was variable between patients, modalities, and timepoints. Radiomic assessment of changing tumor heterogeneity has the potential to personalize treatment and power outcome prediction.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1388–1396.
The role of spontaneous neurotransmission in synapse and circuit development
Authors: Andreae Laura C. , Burrone Juan
Published: October 2017

In the past, the spontaneous release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic terminals has been thought of as a side effect of evoked release, with little functional significance. As our understanding of the process of spontaneous release has increased over time, this notion has gradually changed. In this review, we focus on the importance of this form of release during neuronal development, a time of extreme levels of plasticity that includes the growth of dendrites and axons as well as the formation of new synaptic contacts. This period also encompasses high levels of neurotransmitter release from growing axons, and recent studies have found that spontaneous transmitter release plays an important role in shaping neuronal morphology as well as modulating the properties of newly forming synaptic contacts in the brain. Here, we bring together the latest findings across different species to argue that the spontaneous release of neurotransmitter is an important player in the wiring of the brain during development.
Sensory quality and fatty acid content of springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) meat: influence of farm location and sex
Authors: Neethling Jeannine , Muller Magdalena , van der Rijst Marieta , Hoffman Louwrens C
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Springbok are harvested for meat production irrespective of farm location or sex from which the meat is derived. The present study investigated the influence of farm location (three farms containing different vegetation types) and sex on the sensory quality of springbok longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle. The sensory profile (aroma, flavour and texture) was determined by descriptive sensory analysis, in addition to determination of the physical meat quality, proximate and fatty acid composition.

RESULTS

Farm location had a significant influence on the sensory quality (gamey and liver‐like aroma; beef, liver‐like, lamb‐like and herbaceous flavour; sweet taste; tenderness; residue; mealiness; Warner‐Bratzler shear force; moisture, protein and intramuscular lipid content) and fatty acid content (oleic acid; α‐linolenic acid; total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids; polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio; total omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; and omega‐6 to omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio) of springbok meat. Sex influenced the chemical composition of springbok meat; however, the influence on the sensory profile was minor (sweet taste; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Farm location could influence the sensory quality and composition of springbok meat and should be considered when harvesting for meat production. Sex does not have to be considered for the marketing of springbok meat. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Cervicofacial‐facial artery myocutaneous flap (C‐FAM flap): A novel flap in oral cavity reconstruction
Authors: Rao S L.M. Chandrasekhara , Syed Nusrath , Nemade Hemantkumar O. , Gondi T Jonathan , Gangiti Krantikumar , Rao T Subramanyeshwar
Published: October 2017

Background

Reconstruction is an integral part of the surgical management of oral cancer. Local flaps are one of the options in reconstruction of small to moderate sized defects of oral cavity. Reconstruction is an integral part of the surgical management of oral cancer. Every defect needs to be assessed individually to tailor made the reconstruction because of its multidimensionality and complexity. Varieties of autologous tissues are being used in reconstruction like local, regional, or free flaps which can be simple or complex tissues. There is always a trend to identify the newer flaps/technique to personalize reconstruction. Local flaps are also one of the options in reconstruction of small to moderate sized defects of oral cavity. Local tissue if it is available is in the primary surgeon's purview and the flap can be raised without much technical difficulty and morbidity. We used perforator based tissue from the face and neck which is richly supplied by the facial vessels and named as the Cervicofacial‐ Facial Artery Myocutaneous flap (C‐FAM flap) for reconstruction of oral cavity.

Methods

We used perforator based local tissue from the face and neck which is supplied by facial vessels and named it as the C‐FAM flap for the reconstruction of oral cavity defects.

Results

Twenty‐eight patients underwent C‐FAM flap reconstruction in different subsites of the oral cavity with acceptable functional rehabilitation. There was no flap loss.

Conclusion

The C‐FAM flap is a robust flap, which is reliable, pliable, and rich in its vascularity. It has to be one of the armamentarium for the oral cavity reconstruction. C‐FAM flap: A Novel flap in Oral cavity reconstruction.
Laparoscopic versus open surgery for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation: Long‐term outcomes of a propensity score matched study
Authors: Seshadri Ramakrishnan Ayloor , Swaminathan Rajaraman , Srinivasan Ayyappan
Published: October 2017

Background and Objectives

Laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer has short‐term benefits when compared to open resection. The aim of this study was to compare the long‐term oncological outcomes of laparoscopic and open resection for rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCRT).

Methods

In this propensity matched study, a series of 72 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer following NCRT between 2004 and 2010 (Lap group) were matched with 72 patients who underwent open surgery for rectal cancer in the same period (Open group). The survival and recurrence patterns were compared between the two groups.

Results

After a median follow‐up of 69.5 months (range 1‐138 months), local recurrence rate was observed in 4 patients (5.5%) and 7 patients (9.7%) in the Lap and Open groups, respectively (P = 0.35). The 5‐ and 10‐year disease‐free survival in the Lap and Open groups were 61.3% versus 47.9% and 48.8% versus 41%, respectively (P = 0.16). The 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival was 66.9% versus 60.2% and 49% versus 46.2% in the Lap and Open groups, respectively (P = 0.38).

Conclusion

Laparoscopic surgery following NCRT for low and mid third rectal cancers was associated with similar long‐term oncological outcomes when compared to open surgery.
Hepatic Complications of Umbilical Venous Catheters in the Neonatal Period: The Ultrasound Spectrum
Authors: Derinkuyu Betul Emine , Boyunaga Oznur Leman , Damar Cagri , Unal Sezin , Ergenekon Ebru , Alimli Ayse Gul , Oztunali Cigdem , Turkyilmaz Canan
Published: October 2017

Objectives

Umbilical venous catheterization is commonly used in the neonatal period; however, it has some complications. In this study, we evaluated neonates who underwent umbilical venous catheterization and developed hepatic complications. Furthermore, we aimed to define all of the possible lesions and to clarify the imaging findings of umbilical venous catheter–induced hepatic injury.

Methods

Two hundred forty‐four neonates who underwent umbilical venous catheterization between March 2013 and September 2015 in a single tertiary care referral center were included in this study. To determine whether they had any hepatic complications, all patients underwent abdominal grayscale and Doppler ultrasound examinations, and their clinical data were recorded.

Results

The frequency of liver‐related complications from umbilical venous catheterization was 33.6% (82 of 244). Air in the portal venous system was the most frequent complication (20.1% [49 of 244]). Left portal venous thrombosis was noted in 6.1% (15 of 244). Parenchymal lesions in the liver related to umbilical venous catheterization were seen in 7.4% of patients (18 of 244) as follows: single nodular echogenic lesions (4.1% [10 of 244]), branching small nodular echogenic lesions (2.1% [5 of 244]), and large irregular heterogeneous lesions with laceration and perihepatic fluid (1.2% [3 of 244]). There was no statistical significance for any type of complication according to the gestational age (P > .05).

Conclusions

Hepatic complications due to umbilical venous catheters are not uncommon in the neonatal period. Ultrasound is the best imaging modality for confirming the diagnosis and for follow‐up.
Developing strategic innovation in large corporations—The dynamic capability view of the firm
Authors: Kodama Mitsuru
Published: October 2017

Strategic innovation dynamically brings about strategic positioning through new products, services, and business models and is a dynamic view of strategy that enables a large corporation to maintain its competitiveness and establish sustainable growth. For these reasons, large corporations have to be innovators that can reinforce their existing positions (businesses) through incremental innovation, while at the same time, constantly renew or destroy existing business through radical innovation.

From detailed reviews of existing dynamic capabilities theories and further theories deeply related to the characteristics of corporate or organizational capabilities, this article presents a theoretical model of a strategic innovation system as a corporate system capability to enable a large company to achieve strategic innovation. Furthermore, through in‐depth longitudinal case studies, the article also discusses the importance of strategic innovation capabilities to achieve a dynamic spiral of the 2 completely different ordinary and dynamic capabilities on the capabilities map, skillfully use and combine to achieve swift or slow incremental innovation as exploitation, or radical innovation as exploration.
Online quantification and compound‐specific stable isotopic analysis of black carbon in environmental matrices via liquid chromatography‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Wagner Sasha , Brandes Jay , Goranov Aleksandar I. , Drake Travis W. , Spencer Robert G. M. , Stubbins Aron
Published: October 2017

Black carbon (BC) is derived from the burning of biomass, a considerable portion of organic matter across terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and a major contributor to global carbon cycles. The benzenepolycarboxylic acid method, which converts condensed aromatic BC structures to molecular markers (BPCAs), has been widely adopted for environmental BC assessments. We present a novel analytical method for the online separation, quantification, and determination of compound‐specific stable carbon isotopes of individual BPCAs via high performance liquid chromatography‐stable carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry (HPLC‐C‐IRMS). To assess δ13C values of environmental BC, the HPLC‐C‐IRMS method was applied to a variety of samples (soil, char, aerosol, and dissolved organic matter). The method reliably measured amounts and δ13C values of benzenepentacarboxylic acid (B5CA) and mellitic acid (B6CA) over a range of 8.3–130 μmol‐C of organic matter oxidized. BPCA‐specific δ13C values deviated from bulk OC δ13C values for different sample types. However, the stable carbon isotopic composition of B5CA and B6CA was found to be generally correlated with that of bulk organic carbon. The stable isotopic compositions of environmental samples covered a wide dynamic range, indicating BC‐specific δ13C values will be useful for tracking BC sources and processing. For instance, the BPCAs derived from marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) were enriched in 13C relative to BPCAs from riverine DOM, suggesting rivers are not the only source of dissolved black carbon to the oceans.
Regulatory Effects of Black Rice Extract on Helicobacter pylori Infection‐Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Kim Sa‐Hyun , Lee Min Ho , Park Min , Woo Hyun Jun , Kim Yoon Suk , Tharmalingam Nagendran , Seo Woo‐Duck , Kim Jong‐Bae
Published: October 2017

Scope

Black rice extract (BRE) contains cyanidin 3‐O‐glucoside (C3G), an anthocyanin, as the major component. In this study, we found that BRE inhibits the mRNA and protein expression of genes encoding cytotoxin‐associated protein A (cagA) and vacuolating protein A (vacA) in Helicobacter pylori 60190 strain.

Methods and results

We performed RT‐PCR and western blotting to show that BRE inhibits the mRNA and protein expression of SecA. Because SecA is involved in VacA export in bacteria, our result suggests a positive correlation between BRE‐induced inhibition of secA expression and VacA secretion. Further, we perform MTT assay and flow cytometry to show that BRE decreases the apoptosis of H. pylori–infected KATO III cells. Finally, we perform western blotting to show that the cell‐protective effect of BRE is associated with decreased levels of active proapoptotic proteins caspases and PARP and increased levels of antiapoptotic proteins survivin and XIAP in H. pylori–infected cells.

Conclusion

Thus, our results indicate that BRE acts as a potent inhibitor of the biogenesis of H. pylori virulence proteins and decreases the apoptosis of H. pylori–infected cells. Moreover, our results suggest that BRE can be used to exert beneficial effects in patients with gastroduodenal diseases caused by H. pylori.
Computationally Efficient Combination of Multi‐channel Phase Data From Multi‐echo Acquisitions (ASPIRE)
Authors: Eckstein Korbinian , Dymerska Barbara , Bachrata Beata , Bogner Wolfgang , Poljanc Karin , Trattnig Siegfried , Robinson Simon Daniel
Published: October 2017

Purpose

To develop a simple method for combining multi‐echo phase information from a number of coils in an array that requires no volume coil or additional scans and yields signal‐to‐noise ratio‐optimal images that reflect only
‐related phase.

Theory and Methods

Two SNR optimal coil combination methods were developed which retrieve the
‐related phase by determining the coil‐dependent phase offsets. The first variant, MCPC‐3D‐S, requires the unwrapping of one phase image; the second variant, ASPIRE, allows unwrapping to be avoided if two echoes
and
satisfy the echo time relation
, where
is an integer, making this a particularly fast and robust approach. Both developed methods constitute improvements over a prior method, MCPC‐3D, in terms of robustness and computational expense.

Results

In the brain at 7 T, phase matching and contrast‐to‐noise ratio were higher with MCPC‐3D‐S and ASPIRE than with phase difference reconstruction, and similar to the reference coil–dependent Roemer combination. Unlike the Roemer and virtual reference coil methods, the proposed approaches also eliminated all non–
‐related phase.

Conclusion

MCPC‐3D‐S is an improvement over prior multi‐echo methods, which is useful if the ASPIRE echo time condition cannot be fulfilled. ASPIRE is a particularly fast and robust approach that runs on the scanner's reconstructor in a small fraction of the acquisition time. Magn Reson Med 79:2996–3006, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Detecting structural orientation in isoprene rubber/multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposites at different scales during uniaxial deformation
Authors: Fu Xuan , Xie Zhengtian , Wei Laiyun , Huang Cheng , Luo Mingchao , Huang Guangsu
Published: October 2017

Enhanced strain‐induced crystallization (SIC) behavior in isoprene rubber/multiwall carbon nanotube (IR/MWCNT) nanocomposites was analyzed in terms of structural orientation during uniaxial deformation. In situ synchrotron wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) reveal the molecular orientation in IR/MWCNT composites at different scales. The inclusion of MWCNTs leads to a decrease in the molecular orientation at small strain due to the promotion of SIC. Meanwhile, the presence of MWCNTs induces a large‐scale orientation within the vulcanized rubber network based on SAXS results. Considering the heterogeneous nature of the vulcanized network, the nucleation process during SIC is discussed from the viewpoint of thermodynamics. The oriented large‐scale structure in IR/MWCNT composites is composed of local rubber chains stretched up MWCNTs, from which the additional nuclei are induced. By forming a bound rubber layer around MWCNTs through attractive interactions, MWCNTs can amplify the local strain of rubber segments and form a highly oriented large‐scale structure, but without altering the overall molecular orientation level. The evolution of detailed structural orientation in MWCNT‐filled rubber composites during deformation is revealed for the first time. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Broadening Electromagnetic Absorption Bandwidth: Design from Microscopic Dielectric‐Magnetic Coupled Absorbers to Macroscopic Patterns
Authors: Liu Pingyuan , Li Licheng , Wang Liming , Huang Ting , Zhao Quan‐Liang , Zhang Kai‐Lun , Bian Xing‐Ming , Hou Zhi‐Ling
Published: October 2017

As electromagnetic absorption materials with broadband absorption are highly pursued in the recent development of cutting‐edge electronic and telecommunication industries, the traditional uniform bulk composites with dielectric and magnetic active absorbers are attracting extensive interest, with remaining concerns of extending the effective absorption bandwidth. To understand the impact of using dielectric‐magnetic coupled absorption fillers and to implement artificial absorption structures in the absorption performance, in this work, both nanoscale nonmagnetic and magnetic graphene hybrid fillers are prepared as the effective absorbers. In the comparison based on the microscopic studies, magnetic graphene fillers are found to possess dual absorption bands in the investigation region, which is responsible for extending the effective absorption bandwidth. With subsequent macroscopic structure design based on the as‐fabricated composites, the artificial structures established on the composites embedded with magnetic graphene fillers exhibit more broadened absorption bandwidth because of the exclusive advantages of absorption from multiple thickness and greater interfacial impedance matching. The results suggest that combination of developing microscopic dielectric‐magnetic coupled absorbers and macroscopic structure design will fundamentally extend the effective absorption bandwidth of the electromagnetic absorption materials.
Influence of AlN Growth Temperature on the Electrical Properties of Buffer Layers for GaN HEMTs on Silicon
Authors: Cordier Yvon , Comyn Rémi , Frayssinet Eric , Khoury Mario , Lesecq Marie , Defrance Nicolas , De Jaeger Jean‐Claude
Published: October 2017

Despite the fact that a lower growth temperature is generally considered as a drawback for achieving high crystal quality, the necessity to reduce the nucleation temperature of AlN on Silicon has permitted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) to demonstrate high performance for GaN transistors operating at high frequency. Compared to Metal‐Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE), the control of the interface between the AlN nucleation layer and the substrate is easier and the reduced growth temperature allows to obtain a more electrically resistive interface while keeping good crystal quality. Moreover, it is shown that further reducing the growth temperature within the nucleation and stress mitigating layers has a noticeable impact on the lateral and vertical buffer leakage currents. At the same time the buffer of MBE grown HEMT structures exhibits low RF propagation losses (below 0.5 dB mm−1 up to 70 GHz). Also, results obtained with structures regrown by MOVPE on MBE AlN‐on‐Si templates confirm that the thermal budget is critical for the resistivity of AlN/Si. On the other hand, the insertion of a 1.5 μm thick Al0.05Ga0.95N layer within a 2 μm HEMT structure significantly improves the vertical breakdown voltage up to 740 V permitting to compare favorably with MOVPE epilayers with similar total thickness.
Dynamic Transport in a Quantum Wire Driven by Spin–Orbit Interaction
Authors: Gindikin Yasha
Published: October 2017

A gated one‐dimensional (1D) quantum wire is considered, which is disturbed in a contactless manner by an alternating electric field produced by the tip of a scanning probe microscope. In this schematic, the 1D electrons are driven not by a pulling electric field but rather by a non‐stationary spin–orbit interaction (SOI) created by the tip. It is shown that a charge current appears in the wire in the presence of the Rashba SOI produced by the gate net charge and image charges of 1D electrons induced on the gate (iSOI). The iSOI contributes to the charge susceptibility by breaking the spin–charge separation between the charge‐ and spin‐collective excitations, generated by the probe. The velocity of the excitations is strongly renormalized by SOI, which opens a way to fine‐tune the charge and spin response of 1D electrons by changing the gate potential. One of the modes softens upon increasing the gate potential to enhance the current response, as well as the power dissipated in the system.
Identifying gene‐gene interactions using penalized tensor regression
Authors: Wu Mengyun , Huang Jian , Ma Shuangge
Published: October 2017

Gene‐gene (G×G) interactions have been shown to be critical for the fundamental mechanisms and development of complex diseases beyond main genetic effects. The commonly adopted marginal analysis is limited by considering only a small number of G factors at a time. With the “main effects, interactions” hierarchical constraint, many of the existing joint analysis methods suffer from prohibitively high computational cost. In this study, we propose a new method for identifying important G×G interactions under joint modeling. The proposed method adopts tensor regression to accommodate high data dimensionality and the penalization technique for selection. It naturally accommodates the strong hierarchical structure without imposing additional constraints, making optimization much simpler and faster than in the existing studies. It outperforms multiple alternatives in simulation. The analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data on lung cancer and melanoma demonstrates that it can identify markers with important implications and better prediction performance.
An ensemble quadratic echo state network for non‐linear spatio‐temporal forecasting
Authors: McDermott Patrick L. , Wikle Christopher K.
Published: October 2017

Spatio‐temporal data and processes are prevalent across a wide variety of scientific disciplines. These processes are often characterized by non‐linear time dynamics that include interactions across multiple scales of spatial and temporal variability. The datasets associated with many of these processes are increasing in size because of advances in automated data measurement, management and numerical simulator output. Non‐linear spatio‐temporal models have only recently seen interest in statistics, but there are many classes of such models in the engineering and geophysical sciences. Traditionally, these models are more heuristic than those that have been presented in the statistics literature but are often intuitive and quite efficient computationally. We show here that with fairly simple, but important, enhancements, the echo state network machine learning approach can be used to generate long‐lead forecasts of non‐linear spatio‐temporal processes, with reasonable uncertainty quantification, and at a fraction of the computational expense of a traditional parametric non‐linear spatio‐temporal models. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasmon‐Exciton Coupling Interaction for Surface Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Wang Jingang , Lin Weihua , Xu Xuefeng , Ma Fengcai , Sun Mengtao
Published: October 2017

In this review, we firstly reveal the physical principle of plasmon‐exciton coupling interaction with steady absorption spectroscopy, and ultrafast transition absorption spectroscopy, based on the pump‐prop technology. Secondly, we introduce the fabrication of electro‐optical device of two‐dimensional semiconductor‐nanostructure noble metals hybrid, based on the plasmon‐exciton coupling interactions. Thirdly, we introduce the applications of plasmon‐exciton coupling interaction in the field of surface catalytic reactions. Lastly, the perspective of plasmon‐exciton coupling interaction and applications closed this review.
Empowering Students With Word‐Learning Strategies: Teach a Child to Fish
Authors: Graves Michael F. , Schneider Steven , Ringstaff Cathy
Published: October 2017

This article on word‐learning strategies describes a theory‐ and research‐based set of procedures for teaching students to use word‐learning strategies—word parts, context clues, the dictionary, and a combined strategy—to infer the meanings of unknown words. The article begins with a rationale for teaching word‐learning strategies, particularly to students with vocabularies smaller than those of many students their age. After this, the authors provide a definition of word‐learning strategies, a review of the most relevant research, and a brief description of the effects of the program. Next are descriptions of the curriculum, the instruction, and key aspects of the authors’ approach. The article concludes with a note stressing the importance of following initial instruction on word‐learning strategies with reviews, reminders, and prompts to use them over time and a description of two aspects of the program identified as particularly important by the teachers the authors worked with.
Structure and Oxidation States of Giant Unit Cell Compound Dy117+xFe57–ySn112–z
Authors: Brown Alexander T. , Barron Keaton G. , Salazar Bryan G. , Kirby Parker , McCandless Gregory T. , Walker Amy V. , Chan Julia Y
Published: October 2017

Motivated by the complex structure and properties of giant unit cell intermetallic compounds, a new isostructural Fe analogue of the Dy117Co57Sn112 structure type was synthesized. Single crystals of Dy122Fe55Sn101 were grown at 1260 °C via a Dy–Fe eutectoid flux. The Fe analogue also adopts the space group Fm3m with lattice parameters a = 29.914(9) Å, V = 26769(23) Å3, and Z = 4. Dy122Fe55Sn101 has a large cell volume, structural complexity, and consists of seven Dy, eight Fe, and ten Sn unique crystallographic sites. There are fifteen fully occupied atomic positions, three unique pairs of alternating atomic positions with positional disorder, and seven partially occupied atomic sites. Within this complex unit cell, only approximately half the unique atomic positions are fully occupied with the remainder of the atoms either positionally or occupationally disordered. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the compound contains Dy3+, Fe0, Fe2+, Sn0, and Sn4+.
Phenotype, disease severity and pain are major determinants of quality of life in Fabry disease: results from a large multicenter cohort study
Authors: Arends Maarten , Körver Simon , Hughes Derralynn A. , Mehta Atul , Hollak Carla E. M. , Biegstraaten Marieke
Published: October 2017

Quality of life (QoL) is decreased in patients with Fabry disease (FD). To improve QoL, it is important to understand the influence of FD related characteristics, symptoms, and complications. In this retrospective cohort study we explored the effect of pain (measured by the Brief Pain Inventory), phenotype, treatment, and FD‐related complications on QoL. QoL data of Fabry patients as assessed by the EuroQol five dimension questionnaire (EQ‐5D) from two international centers of excellence were collected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sex, phenotype, age, different states of disease severity, pain, and ERT on EQ‐5D utilities. For 286 adult FD patients (mean age 42.5 years, 40% men, 60% classical phenotype) 2240 EQ‐5Ds were available. QoL is decreased in men as well as women with FD, especially in older men with a classical phenotype. At age 50, utility was lower in men with classical FD compared to those with non‐classical disease (β = −0.12, 95% CI: ‐0.23 – 0.01, p = 0.037) with further difference in the years thereafter. Cardiovascular complications, stroke or transient ischemic attacks, multiple FD‐related complications and pain were also associated with decreased utilities. Overall, no change in utility was seen in patients on ERT over a mean follow‐up of 6.1 years. FD leads to a decreased QoL compared to the general population. Disease complications and pain both negatively influence QoL. Adequate assessment and treatment of pain as well as improved strategies to prevent disease complications are needed to improve QoL in the FD population.
Anemia in patient with primary hyperoxaluria and bone marrow involvement by oxalate crystals
Authors: Mykytiv Vitaliy , Garcia Fiz Campoy
Published: October 2017

We present a rare case of anaemia secondary to bone marrow infiltration by oxalate crystals and renal failure in a patient diagnosed with primary hyperoxaluria. In our case, the anaemia was recovered after the double liver and kidney transplantation, the latter was performed on two occasions after the failure of the first graft.
Hereditary persistence of hemoglobin F is protective against red cell sickling. A case report and brief review
Authors: Sokolova Alexandra , Mararenko Anton , Rozin Alexander , Podrumar Alida , Gotlieb Vladimir
Published: October 2017

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is a physiologic protein tetramer that is crucial for a developing fetus to survive in utero. Maternal hemoglobin has a relatively lower affinity for oxygen, and thus allows for an efficient transfer of oxygen from maternal to fetal blood. In addition to fulfilling a critical physiologic role, HbF is also known to alleviate symptoms of sickle-cell disease (SCD). The concentration of HbF depends on several factors. HbF is elevated in inherited conditions, such as hereditary persistence of HbF, hereditary spherocytosis, and thalassemia. The level of HbF is also increased in acquired states, such as pregnancy, aplastic anemia, thyrotoxicosis, hepatoma, myeloproliferative disorders, or hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome. It has been identified that some genetic loci have significant influence on HbF levels. The XmnI polymorphism, the HMIP locus, and the BCL11A gene are responsible for 45% of variations in HbF levels. Although SCD has been well described in the subpopulations of Africa, it is less common in the subpopulations of India. We describe a case of SCD, in which a patient with high HbF level presented at a very late age (27 years old). We presume the patient's inherently elevated HbF levels were able to compensate for the hypoxic episodes associated with SCD. The onset of symptoms was delayed as a result of elevated HbF levels.
Acute urinary retention after Black Widow envenomation: a case report
Authors: Carere Matthew , Sterret Russel , Timmerman Nicholas , Taylor Ian
Published: October 2017

Latrodectism following Black Widow envenomation is rare in Canada. We present the case of a previously healthy 50 year old male who presented with an acute abdomen, hypertension, and urinary retention. After a thorough work up it was determined to be as a result of a Black Widow spider bite. Due to climate change we may see more cases of Latrodectism in the future and it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in anyone presenting with an acute abdomen after an insect bite.
Latent class analysis of violence against adolescents and psychosocial outcomes in refugee settings in Uganda and Rwanda
Authors: Meyer S. R. , Yu G. , Hermosilla S. , Stark L.
Published: October 2017

Background

Little is known about violence against children in refugee camps and settlements, and the evidence-base concerning mental health outcomes of youth in refugee settings in low and middle-income countries is similarly small. Evidence is needed to understand patterns of violence against children in refugee camps, and associations with adverse mental health outcomes.

Methods

Surveys were conducted with adolescent refugees (aged 13–17) in two refugee contexts – Kiziba Camp, Rwanda (n= 129) (refugees from Democratic Republic of Congo) and Adjumani and Kiryandongo refugee settlements, Uganda (n= 471) (refugees from South Sudan). Latent Class Analysis was utilized to identify classes of violence exposure (including exposure to witnessing household violence, verbal abuse, physical violence and sexual violence). Logistic regressions explored the association between latent class of violence exposure and symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Results

In Rwanda, a two-class solution was identified, with Class 1 (n= 33) representing high levels of exposure to violence and Class 2 (n= 96) representing low levels of exposure. In Uganda, a three-class solution was identified: Class 1 (high violence;n= 53), Class 2 (low violence,n= 100) and Class 3 (no violence,n= 317). Logistic regression analyses indicated that latent violence class was associated with increased odds of high anxiety symptoms in Rwanda (AOR 3.56, 95% CI 1.16–0.95), and highv. no violence class was associated with depression (AOR 3.97, 95% CI 1.07–7.61) and anxiety symptoms (AOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.05–3.96) in Uganda.

Conclusions

The present results support the existing evidence-base concerning the association between violence and adverse mental health outcomes, while identifying differences in patterns and associations between refugee youth in two different contexts.
THE OTTOMAN QUAGMIRE: MALARIA, SWAMPS, AND SETTLEMENT IN THE LATE OTTOMAN MEDITERRANEAN
Authors: Gratien Chris
Published: October 2017

During the late Ottoman period, a large influx of migrants and the expansion of cultivation created opportunities for new settlements in the countryside of Anatolia, Greater Syria, and Iraq. However, settlement often brought misery to newcomers in the form of malaria, especially when it occurred in the lowlands of the Mediterranean. This article traces the contours of the encounter with malaria that arose out of settlement, offering an overview of how Ottoman state and society confronted the conundrum of the swamp and examining the impact of this confrontation on local political economies. It demonstrates that swamps and malaria were a significant concern for late Ottoman state and society, and that policies adopted to address malaria sometimes facilitated the creation of large estates in the countryside of the Mediterranean littoral.
REFUGEES AND THE CASE FOR INTERNATIONAL AUTHORITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST: THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS AND THE UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND WORKS AGENCY FOR PALESTINIAN REFUGEES IN THE NEAR EAST COMPARED
Authors: Robson Laura
Published: October 2017

In the immediate aftermath of World War I, the newly formed League of Nations saw Middle Eastern refugees—particularly displaced Armenians and Assyrians scattered in camps across the Eastern Mediterranean—as venues for working out new forms of internationalism. In the late 1940s, following the British abandonment of the Palestine Mandate and the subsequent Zionist expulsion of most of the Palestinian Arab population, the new United Nations revived this concept of a refugee crisis requiring international intervention. This paper examines the parallel ways in which advocates for both the nascent League of Nations and the United Nations made use of mass refugee flows to formulate arguments for new, highly visible, and essentially permanent iterations of international authority across the Middle East.