bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring of leaf litter decomposition rate and flux of carbon dioxide in various land cover in Gunung Bromo Education Forest, Karanganyar
Authors: Darmawan A A , Ariyanto D P , Basuki T M , Syamsiyah J
Published: July 2021

The process of leaf litter decomposition on the soil surface as a source of nutrition and food for soil fauna. Leaf litter decomposition rate is influenced by the activity of soil fauna, which is thought to increase the emission of carbondioxide from the soil. The aim of this research was to investigate the leaf decomposition rate and flux of carbon dioxide in various land cover. The research was conducted from July to November 2020 in Gunung Bromo Education Forest, Karanganyar, Central Java. This research used purposive sampling with nine land covers and three replications. The leaf decomposition rate was measured using the litterbag method, and flux of carbon dioxide was measured using the closed chamber method. The results suggested that the leaf decomposition rate was the fastest in Pine 2016 at 6.17 g/week, and the highest flux of carbon dioxide in Indonesian rosewood (Dalbergia sissoo) rejuvenation was 9,860 mg/CO2/day. The leaf decomposition rate was influenced by air temperature (p = 0.535) compared to humidity (p = - 0.257). Flux carbondioxide is influenced by air temperature (p = 0.854) compared to humidity (p = - 0.677), and the leaf decomposition rate affects the level of flux of carbon dioxide (p = 0.631).
The fermentation quality of complete feed with FJLB silage additive from tropical grass
Authors: Yanti Y , Riyanto J , Dewanti R , Cahyadi M , Wati A K , Pawestri W
Published: July 2021

Climate change occurs because of the greenhouse gas effect. Methane from livestock accounts for 44% of methane emissions in the air, which comes from fermentation from the rumen and from feces. Many attempts have been made to reduce methane production in the rumen, including feed management. This study aims to improve the quality of complete feed fermentation with the addition of different grass source of FJLB (fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria). The treatments consisted of T0 (Control, without FJLB), T2 (FJLB from Napier grass), T3 (FJLB from King grass). Complete feed consists of rice straw, rice bran, soybean meal, pollard and corn. The pH value of the silage with the addition of FJLB was lower than that of the silage without the addition of FJLB. The highest acetic acid production was at T3, 8.76 ppm. Meanwhile, the number of lactic acid bacteria was 5.4; 6.3 and 7.6 CFU/ml, for T0, T1 and T2, respectively. Meanwhile, ammonia production was not significantly different. The conclusion of this study is the addition of FJLB from napier grass and king improves the quality of fermentation compared to without the addition of FJLB. Good fermentation quality will improve digestibility in the rumen and is expected to reduce methane production, which is one of the greenhouse gases that causes climate change.
A test on pollen viability and fruits forming ability of some melon varieties by using storage treatment
Authors: Yudhistira M C , Nandariyah  , Pardono
Published: July 2021

Climate change decreases biodiversity through hybridization. The warming climate affects the spread of hybridization. The production of melon fruit in Indonesia fluctuated from time to time from the seeds’ lousy quality. An effort to improve melon seeds’ quality was needed using hybridization. However, the low availability of high viability pollen became one of the problems in the hybridization process. This research aimed to study the pollen’s viability and produce two varieties of melons using some storage treatments. The research used Randomized Complete Block Design with split-plot design by using two treatment factors, the main plot and storage treatment were used as the subplot. The combination of varieties and pollen storage was significant for the viability of the pollen. Golden Melon Variety A and B had different pollen viability. Using a two-day storage treatment at low temperatures, Golden Melon Variety B showed the highest pollen viability. Storage treatment took effect on the percentage of the number and the weight of the fruits produced. The 0-day storage treatment at low temperature showed the optimum yield. Pollen viability was positively correlated with fruit weight.
The effect of rhizobacteria on a local and composite variety of maize (Zea mays L.) growth in rainy
Authors: Maryani Y , Widiatmi S , Widata S
Published: July 2021

Maize is the source to have high carbohydrate and grow well in the dry season. Furthermore, climate change causes as long rainy seasons in some areas which are hampering maize growth. The research study the effects of rhizobacteria on local and composite variety growth. The research was did in Prambanan, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It was done by a split-plot design. The first factor was variety maize. The variety maize is local, composite, and hybrid 3 as control. The second factor was rhizobacteria. The rhizobacteria include the concentration of 0% and 20%. The results show that rhizobacteria give a total growth rate more than non-rhizobacteria treatment on maize. The rhizobacteria treatment gives the highest tolerance index. Hybrid 3 and composite variety (Bisma) are suitable variety rainy season.
Existences and perception of javanese local knowledge for climate change adaptation
Authors: Sumani  , Suntoro  , Komariah  , Mujiyo
Published: July 2021

Farmer perception of their environment is a factor of climate change. Adaptation to climate change requires farmers to realize that the climate has been changed and they must identify useful adaptations and implement them. This study analyzed the adaptation of climate change among rural farmers using local knowledge and knowing the existence of it. Local knowledge was examined by descriptive qualitative. The results showed that Pranata Mangsa crop calendar was used by Javanese society for a long time ago, where, practiced by the indigenous people through their different beliefs, culture, and traditions. Pranata Mangsa comes from two words, Pranata which means rule and Mangsa which means season or time, where, divided into four (4) seasons: Katiga (dry season), Labuh (dry to rainy season), Rendheng (rainy season), and Mareng (rainy to dry season), which each season has natural signs for warning system and move to next season. In addition, the results showed that the Javanese societies said Pranata Mangsa is still relevant (31.71%), need to re-evaluate (22%), not relevant (13.3%), and not answered (33%).
The relationship between antibiotics treatment with length of stay and the daily temperature fluctuation of child patients infected by dengue at UNS Hospital
Authors: Siregar A S , Hanafi M , Mashuri Y A , Indriani T A , Ardyanto D T , Suyatmi
Published: July 2021

Dengue fever is infectious disease caused by dengue virus. Climate change, especially warming temperature is associated with the spread of Aedes aegypti which is the main vector for dengue virus. Antibiotics for dengue infection are used to prevent secondary infection. Thus, hospitalized patients treated with antibiotics are suspected to be associated with days reduction of hospitalization. It is important to monitor the patients’ temperature as it becomes the sign of worseness or recovery. This study aims to determine whether there is relationship between antibiotic treatment with length of stay and daily temperature of child patients infected by dengue. The study was conducted at UNS Hospital Indonesia. A total data of 180 children hospitalized with dengue infection since 2019 to 2020 were analyzed. Confirmation to parents was done when needed. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s test. There was insignificant relationship between antibiotics treatment with length of stay (p-value = 0.48) and daily temperature (p-value = 0.078) of child patients infected by dengue at UNS Hospital. There was no significant relationship between antibiotic treatment with length of stay and daily temperature fluctuation. Further study to investigate other factors which affect the length of stay and daily temperature fluctuation is needed.
Effect of soil leaching and organic matter on Fe2+ concentration and rice yields in acid sulfate soils
Authors: Nugroho N , Kurniasih B , Utami S N H , Yusuf W A , Rumanti I A , Agustiani N , Margaret S
Published: July 2021

The negative impact of climate change causes extreme weather become unpredictable, leading to flood and drought. In acid sulfate soil, El Nino increases pyrite oxidation which causes sulfate and iron toxicity when flood comes. Iron toxicity in plants is caused by excess concentrations of iron Ferro (Fe2+) in the soil solution. This research aims to determine the effect of leaching and organic matter on Fe2+ concentration, physiological response and yield of rice in acid sulfate soils. The research was conducted in the Indonesian Swampland Agricultural Research Institute (ISARI) Greenhouse from August to December 2020, using a completely randomized design with three factors. The first factor: actual acid sulfate soil (AASS) and potential acid sulfate soil (PASS), the second factor: waterlogging without leaching (-SL) and soil leaching (+SL), and the third factor: without organic matter (OM) and with organic matter (+OM). The results showed that soil leaching and adding organic matter decreased Fe2+ concentration, thereby increasing root length, relative water content, width of stomata, leaf K and Mg content, root-shoot dry weight, number of grain and crop yield. In comparison to the treatment of without leaching and organic matter, the leaching and organic matter treatment in AASS showed the lowest increase in Fe2+concentration from 123.4 to 241.9 ppm and increased yield from 3.13 to 3.80 ton ha−1. Whereas in PASS, the leaching and organic matter treatment showed the highest decrease in Fe2+ concentration from 2,298.7 to 686.6 ppm and increased crop yield from 2.39 to 2.77 ton ha−1.
Strategies for selecting rice varieties in anticipation of the climate change impacts in swampland
Authors: Khairullah I , Mawardi
Published: July 2021

The efforts to increase rice production in swampland are faced with various obstacles, including extreme climate change (drought and flooding). To overcome the drought and flooding conditions is by planting suitable rice varieties for its conditions. During el nino, very early maturity varieties could be planted such as Inpari 12, 13, 18, 19, and 20 (99 to 104 days old). Somewhat drought tolerant varieties, such as Inpari 38, 39, and 40. In la nina conditions could be planted Inpara 3, 4, and 5 because these varieties were moderately submergence tolerant. Inpara 3 was tolerant to submergence for 6 days, while Inpara 4 and 5 were tolerant for 14 days in the vegetative phase. Furthermore, the Inpari 29 and 30 Ciherang Sub-1 could also submergence tolerant for 14 and 15 days, respectively. By planting early maturity and submergence tolerant varieties, it is hoped that rice production in swampland can be maintained under climate change. This paper is a review and the purpose of this paper is to anticipate the effects of extreme climate change (el-nino and la-nina) through using rice varieties in swamplands and strategy for selecting the varieties so that they can produce under extreme climate changes.
Colchicine reduces the degree of inflammation in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Prabowo N A , Apriningsih H
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 increases vulnerability for populations living in regions significantly impacted by the adverse effects of climate change. There is currently no definitive treatment for COVID-19. Colchicine is a drug that can reduce the severity of COVID-19 by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. This study aims to determine the effect of colchicine administration on the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP) and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) levels in COVID-19 patients. This study was conducted at the UNS Hospital in February-March 2021. The inclusion criteria were moderate-grade COVID-19 patients. HsCRP and NLR examinations were carried out before and after giving the treatment. The treatment group received 2x0.5 mg colchicine for 7 days and standard therapy, while the control group received placebo and standard therapy. Statistical test using paired t-test and independent t-test. P is significant if p is less than 0.05. The study subjects were 40 patients, with 20 patients in the control group and 20 in the treatment group. There was a decrease in NLR and HsCRP levels in the treatment group before therapy (NLR = 7.89 + 3.45; HsCRP = 5.41 + 3.24 mg/dL) compared to after therapy (NLR = 3.59 + 2.25; HsCRP = 1.41 + 1.13 mg/dL) with p = 0.001. Colchicine reduces the degree of NLR and HsCRP in COVID-19 patients.
Plant immune systems as pests and diseases mitigation
Authors: Purnomo D
Published: July 2021

The phenomenon of climate change, which is currently still in the form of a weather anomaly, has disrupted the agricultural system. Increasing temperatures and changing rain patterns have resulted in several disasters such as heatwaves, strong winds (typhoons), and floods. For plants, these conditions result in disruption of plant growth and response to herbivores and pathogens. Plants have a mechanism of resistance to pests and pathogens intrinsically and extrinsically through growth, special morphology, metabolism of certain compounds such as volatiles (becoming disliked by herbivores or inviting natural enemies), and secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites protect plants from pests (herbivores) and infection by disease microbes through mechanisms at the structural and metabolic levels. The level of the herbivore structure cannot penetrate, preventing mechanical damage. Secondary metabolites by inducing the synthesis of antibiotics derived from phenolics and terpenoids (phytoalexin). Antibiotics affect herbivores by suppressing growth, development, reproduction, to death. Secondary metabolites are typical of a plant as anti-insect, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral compounds. Engineering to increase plant immunity against pests and pathogens by increasing secondary metabolites, cultivation, and genetic potential is developed. This program is not only related to environmentally friendly crop cultivation but also to anticipate climate change.
Detrimental impact of Indonesian food estate policy: Conflict of norms, destruction of protected forest, and its implication to the climate change
Authors: Maskun  , Napang M , Nur S S , Bachril S N , Al Mukarramah N H
Published: July 2021

In response to the food crisis threat due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Indonesian Government initiates a national food supply enhancement program recognized as food estate which was then established as a part of National Strategic Programs. To maintain its implementation, the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry through PermenLHK 24/2020 allows the legalization of forest land utilization, including the protected forest land for the food estate program. This study aims to analyze emerging conflict norms related to the utilization of the protected forest in Indonesia’s food estate program. The method used is normative legal research conducted by reviewing various forestry-related legal instruments and principles in Indonesia. The main findings reveal that the legalization of the utilization of protected forests for food estate projects by PermenLHK 24/2020 does not meet legal certainty and contradicts the norms incorporated in the hierarchical higher related regulations. In connection to climate change, the legalization of utilizing protected forests for the food estate program will open up opportunities for deforestation and encourage degradation of the protected function of these forests. The forestry sector has become one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Indonesia, with deforestation and land degradation as the root of the problem. The implication of food estate becomes a regressive action for the realization of Indonesia’s commitment to reduce GHG emissions from the forestry sector up to 17.2% with unconditional mitigation scenario (CM 1) and 23% with conditional mitigation scenario (CM 2) by 2030.
Environmental standard of Indonesian palm oil post omnibus law ratification
Authors: Maskun  , Achmad  , Naswar  , Assidiq H , Mubarak M R
Published: July 2021

A dismemberment of various regulations in Indonesia with the issuance of the Omnibus Law and its derivative regulations aims to facilitate investment. It is also included in the palm oil plantation sectors that obtain various conveniences hence ease its investment procedure. This article is intended to analyze the various norms that weaken the environmental standards of the palm oil sector post the issuance of the Omnibus Law. The principle of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, which became an international consensus related to the management of sustainable palm oil was used in this study. The findings show that various norms in the Omnibus Law and its derivative regulations are weakening the environmental standards as stated in the principles of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil. They are also considered threatening the Indonesian forests which will be converted to oil palm plantations. The increase in land-use conversion will be in line with the increase of carbon emissions, which will accelerate and worsen the climate change effects. Unplanning the sustainability of palm oil plantations indicates a step backward of Indonesian law in managing a sustainable palm oil plantations.
Reflections on climate change policy implementation
Authors: Luthfia A R , Alkhajar E N S
Published: July 2021

Climate village can be categorized as one of the Indonesia’s climate change policies to address climate change. The program itself has been implementing throughout the archipelago since 2012. In line with the global strategies, the program conducted adaptation and mitigation strategies to reduce climate change impacts. Based on Howlett, Ramesh & Perl’s perspective, this study aims to reflect the implementation of the climate change policy. The research used descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected through interviews, field observation, and documentation. The results found that there were three main issues needed to be fixed; (1) the sustainability of the program, (2) the lack of community capacity, and (3) the lack of partnership.
Climate change and COVID-19: The double whammy for coastal community in Demak, Indonesia
Authors: Seftiani S , Putri I A P , Hidayati I , Katherina L K , Ningrum V , Vibriyanti D
Published: July 2021

In 2020 the coastal community in Demak-Indonesia faced two alarming events of their lives, the COVID-19 Pandemic and tidal flooding (Rob) events with a frequency and duration longer than usual. It is well-accepted worldwide that tidal flooding is one of the consequences of climate change caused by sea level rises. This paper will focus on the impact of a double whammy; climate change and COVID-19 Pandemic are in the coastal community. To analyze and describe the research question, we use the media analysis method of 21 Indonesian news articles from March to September 2020. Data from the media analysis using Discourse Network Analyzer (DNA) and open interview to describe the latest coastal community’s condition, including the socio-economic impact and response to the double whammy. The results show that this year’s tidal floods are the worst, seen from the duration, and the altitude is getting bigger than previous years. The tidal floods coupled with the economic impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic, which made them economically locked down. Strengthening the resilience of the fisherman community in Demak is essential. It needs government policy support that considers ocean sustainability to improve their welfare and enhance preparedness in facing a double whammy in the future.
Environmental impact control of coal mining activities in Kandangan Lama, South Kalimantan through calculating post-mining costs
Authors: Yuliyani R , Suryanto  , R Handayani I G A K
Published: July 2021

Land clearing during mining activities can harm the environment, one of which is a change in the landscape that results in erosion, flooding, and climate change. This study aimed to determine the total cost of the post-coal mining plan and identify its components to control environmental impacts and climate change in Kandangan Lama, South Kalimantan. The method used to calculate the total cost of the post-mining plan is based on the Decree of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Republic of Indonesia with the number 1827 K/30/MEM/2018. The data sampling technique used purposive sampling through observation, interviews, and document study. The results showed that the post-mining area in this study was 3.46 ha. Direct cost, namely IDR 1,064,459,474.00, consists of land use, revegetation, demolition, restoration, social, cultural, economic development, maintenance, and monitoring. Also, the indirect cost is IDR 310,822,166.00, which consists of mobilization and demobilization costs, post-mining plan, contract administration and profits, and supervision costs. Thus, the total cost of the post-mining plan for the 3.46 ha was IDR 1,444,045,722.00. These costs are commensurate with the restoration of environmental conditions to control climate change to maintain environmental stability.
Tourism vulnerability management to support local wisdom conservation in the current agriculture practices (Case: Agricultural tourism area in Ngawi Regency, East Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Pujiasmanto B , Aliyah I , Miladan N , Sugiarti R , Margana  , Setyaningrum D
Published: July 2021

Climate change can cause an increase in the earth’s surface temperature and atmospheric CO2. This has an impact on the tourism area based on local agricultural wisdom. The research aims to analyze the level of tourism vulnerability management and formulate tourism vulnerability management strategies to support local wisdom preservation in current farming practices. The method used is mapping, field observations, and interviews with two approaches, namely quantitative content analysis and qualitative content analysis. The results showed that the farming community was only profit-oriented without paying attention to balancing and preserving the natural environment. Most farmers want all agricultural processes to be done instantly or quickly, with higher yields. However, they leave local wisdom values and socio-cultural contexts in managing the rice field environment. One of the components of local wisdom that can still be maintained is the cropping pattern primarily found in the highlands that can still be found. To manage the vulnerability of tourism to support the preservation of local wisdom in current agricultural practices.
Understanding changes in perceptions and behaviour of train passengers during the Covid 19 pandemic
Authors: Nurhadi  , Suryadari R T
Published: July 2021

Transportation is considered as one important area that contribute to energy emission. The transportation sector accounts for 15% of total GHG emissions and 23% of CO
2
emissions, of which 30% of CO
2
comes from burning fossil fuels. Government policies in the context of preventing the spread of Covid 19 and enforcement of restrictions on Community Activities (PPKM), have provided benefits for the environment in terms of reducing air pollution by up to 42% (liputan6.com). The Covid 19 pandemic has an impact on the public transportation business, based on sales data from PT KAI (Persero) that there was a decrease in the number of longdistance train passengers using rail transportation services, namely in April 2019 there were 3,879,792 passengers while in April 2020 it fell to 286 268 passengers. This research aims at understanding the risk perception that affects the planned attitudes and behaviour of potential passengers to travel by train during the pandemic. 368 samples were collected from Operation Area 1 to Operation Area 9. Employing SEM analysis with the SmartPLS, the result shows that the customers intend to continue traveling using railway public services. However, a certain level of anxiety and perceived risk grows due to a lack of information. namely, uncertainty whether the use of public transportation may bear the potential for covid 19 transmissions. Hence the government’s actions in dealing with the pandemic could reassure the customers to continue using the railway services.
The impact of climate change on poverty in the pandemic of Covid-19 in Bengawan Solo Watershed, Wonogiri District, Central Java
Authors: Rahayu E S , Setyowati  , Rahwadwiati R
Published: July 2021

Early Warning Early Action: Report on Food Security and Agriculture released by FAO April 2020 warns countries worldwide to be alerted to potential food crises caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Almost all countries worldwide are experiencing Covid-19 is no exception impacting the agricultural sector. This decrease in production and welfare level is due to the reduction of agricultural crop production. One of the risk factors for food security in the Covid pandemic era is extreme weather. Climate change causes global and domestic food stocks to decline and causes fluctuations in food prices and the food logistics system. This condition impacted the decrease in farmers’ income and welfare (NTP = Farmer Exchange Rate) and resulted in the poverty of farmers’ households. This study aims to (1) identify the production and income reductions from climate change and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, (2) analyze the poverty level of farmer households, (3) knowing the coping mechanism of farmer households to address climate change and the impact of Covid-19. The method used is the Bengawan Solo watershed area survey method with sample locations in 3 sub-districts with 120 farmer respondents interviewed with a structured questionnaire guide and FGD. The analysis method used descriptive analysis, income analysis, and poverty analysis. The results showed that farmers’ incomes decreased by 43.2%. The poverty rate of farmers increased with a shift of 9.8%; coping mechanism farmers persisted by paying attention and adhering to the health protocols of Covid-19 and trying to increase land productivity to meet daily needs.
Cabbage farming feasibility study (Brassica oleracea.) in Conto Village, Bulukerto District, Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Suswadi  , Kartikasari R D , Prasetyo A
Published: July 2021

Several impacts due to climate change in the last three years have occurred in pest and disease problems in Indonesia, namely escalation, status improvement, and degradation. Especially in Wonogiri, the Spodoptera litura attack has become more destructive on cabbage and the status improvement rose from controllable into uncontrollable by the farmer. The precipitation in Wonogiri which is risen in 2020 from 2018 because la Nina stimulates the reproduction of Spodoptera litura. The purpose of this study was to analyze the feasibility of a cabbage crop in the dry season during the Spodoptera litura attack. The basic method of research is descriptive-analytical. The results showed that the cost spent for cabbage farming in the Sumber Makmur farmer group, Conto Village, Bulu Kerto District, Wonogiri Regency, with an average land area of 0.26 ha was Rp. 3,505,837; Meanwhile, the revenue was Rp. 10,190,000; And income of Rp 9,236,800; with a profit of IDR 6,684,162. Cabbage farming was feasible to be developed based on the R/C ratio, BEP, capital productivity, and labor productivity. Biopesticides are needed to control Spodoptera litura in an environmentally and economically friendly manner because pest control costs are also a dominant cost component in cabbage farming.
Willingness to pay and sustainable water resources management preference of the community in Parerejo, Lampung Province, Indonesia
Authors: Chayyani N R , Gravitiani E , Suryanto  , Perwithosuci W
Published: July 2021

Indonesia has abundant water resources in the rainy season but experiences water scarcity during the dry season. The need for sustainable management of water resources in overcoming hydrometeorological disasters such as floods and drought. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of willingness to pay, factors that influence willingness to pay, and the conservation policy chosen by the people of Parerejo Village in realizing sustainable water resource management. The policies offered in the management of sustainable water resources are greening, infiltration wells, and bio-pores. This study uses the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to see the influencing factors of willingness to pay and descriptive analysis to see preference policy accepted by society. The data used are primary data obtained from 156 respondents. The study showed that the willingness to pay for Parerejo village communities in the management of water resources is still low at ≤ IDR 50,000.00. Only variables of education and knowledge about water scarcity significantly influenced the willingness to pay for water resources management. Based on the descriptive analysis, the communities preferred the greening policies solution for sustainable water resources management.
Communicating climate change policy to people in rural area
Authors: Alkhajar E N S , Luthfia A R
Published: July 2021

Climate change is a real problem threatening all human beings in the world. Therefore, everyone has a responsibility to reduce the climate change impacts. Based on research, opinion leaders can play various important roles in the societal life. One of them is to disseminate government policies in rural area. This study focused to examine opinion leaders’ strategy to communicate climate change policy in rural area. This research employed descriptive qualitative method. The data were taken through interviews, observation and documentation. The results showed that the opinion leaders employed various formal and informal strategies to communicate climate change policy to their community. They were evidently important actors to boost the successful of climate change policy implementation. This research confirmed that opinion leaders especially in rural area posits important roles in the societal life.
Climate change in The Lesser Sunda Islands: The harsh region in the maritim continent of Indonesia
Authors: Mahrup  , Ma’shum M , Fahrudin
Published: July 2021

The Lesser Sunda islands, i.e. Bali, West and East Nusa Tenggara are locus of the harsh climate regime in Indonesia. The research was conducted in 2020 by a Descriptive method that aims to identify occurrence of climate change represented by anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST), air temperature, precipitation, and wind vector. The study area was focused on the convergence zone of the South Indian Ocean extending from 0° to 10°S, and 114° to 130°E. The temporal observation was at a peak of the rainy season in February and a transition period in March and April. Changes in climate variables were quantified by a test of two linear regression slopes and a binomial probability. Climate data were acquired from the International Research Institute (IRI) in a span of 30 years (1990 to 2020), with exception of air temperature from 1920 to 2020. Results showed that rainfall and SST had changed since 2005, and air temperature since 1995. Rainfall was significantly decreased afterward. SST and air temperature subsequently increased. The impact of climate change was compounded by wind vector anomalies in February, March and April. In conclusion, the Lesser Sunda Islands had experienced the ongoing climate change, indicated by lowering annual rainfall by 130.8 mm, increasing SST by 0.8°C and air temperature by 0.1°C in a decade respectively. In addition, Persistence Westerly winds through the end of April possibly induced severe flooding, on the other hand, the early emergence of southeast Trade winds before April could result in severe drought.
Bali Arts Festival: a contributor to sustainable development?
Authors: Wulandari I G A A , Purnami A A S , Mahagangga G A O
Published: July 2021

Climate change is a negative impact of massive community activities in the industrial and service sectors. Therefore, minimizing the effects of climate change is one of the 17 sustainable development goals. One of the principles of sustainable development is environmental preservation, which is a combination of nature and culture. Cultural conservation has become a concern of sustainable development in Bali since the tourism sector in Bali has grown rapidly and was manifested decades ago in the form of a cultural festival, the Bali Arts Festival. Even though it has been held dozens of times, the phenomenon that often comes to the surface is the suitability of holding the Bali Arts Festival with its initial aim of conserving local culture and its proof. This research uses qualitative methods with qualitative descriptive technique analysis. The results of the research show that the implementation of the Bali Arts Festival which refers to the sustainable development of Bali has a positive impact not only on the local economy but also on culture, which indirectly has a positive impact on the preservation of the natural environment. Thus, it is important to maintain the continuity of organizing the Bali Arts Festival as a bulwark against the threat of degradation of the natural and cultural environment.
Corporate social responsibility, earnings management, and firm performance: Are the companies really ethical?
Authors: Widagdo A.K. , Murni Sri , Nurlaela Siti , Rahmawati
Published: July 2021

Climate change challenges present organizations (e.g., companies, corporations, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)), communities, and citizens with the need to redefine current views on corporate social responsibility (CSR) from a voluntary luxury as being a necessity. CSR can be an effective tool for mitigating climate change. Firms have to redress climate change through environment-friendly manufacturing techniques, adopting a green, transparent policy and environmental disclosure. Based on the extant literature, CSR activities can create a positive image for the company and increase company value. However, some scholars also argue that CSR activity may also be used to hide the opportunistic behaviour of management, namely earnings management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between CSR and a firm’s performance and the moderating role of earnings management on the relationship between CSR and firm performance. The sample of this research is the mining sector because this sector is included in a high-profile company, which is vulnerable to environmental damage issues. The period of observation is 2015-2019. The method of analysis uses the panel data method. The results indicate that CSR has a positive and significant relationship with a firm’s values. In addition, earnings management does not moderate the relationship between CSR and a firm’s value. It indicates that earnings management is not a moderating variable but a predictor variable/independent variable. The finding implies that the firms do not make social responsibility activities a symbolic activity used as a means by management to cover earnings management activities.
Perception of e-business adoption in agribusiness MSMEs
Authors: Khomah I , Rahayu E S , Handayani S M
Published: July 2021

Climate change is unavoidable due to global warming and will have a broad impact on every aspect of life, including agriculture. This poses a significant threat to the agricultural sector. Furthermore, it raises new problems of the sustainability of food production and agricultural production systems in general. This has an indirect impact on agribusiness MSME, particularly in terms of the availability of food for raw materials for MSME products. Furthermore, agribusiness MSMEs should be competitive to face the global market. As a consequence, they should embrace innovations that support business activities in the current era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Using e-business in their business practices is one of the efforts that agribusiness MSMEs can make. E-business is a type of internet-based business practice that can help improve the efficiency of various business processes. This research aims to determine the perceptions and levels of e-business adoption among agribusiness MSMEs in Sukoharjo Regency. The survey method was used in this study, along with the purposive sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to gather data from 252 agribusiness MSMEs in Sukoharjo. An in-depth interview was used to identify the research variable indicators more thoroughly. The results reveal that the frequency of e-business use by MSME actors in Sukoharjo Regency remains low. However, MSME actors have a positive perception of the benefits of using e-business. Therefore, there is a great opportunity for the future implementation of e-business.
Effect of texture characteristics on the high-cycle fatigue properties of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Yang Huanping , Yan Wenbin , Zhuang Wei , Wang Yaomian
Published: July 2021

A Ti-6Al-4V alloy was rolled at different temperatures and subsequently annealed to obtain fatigue samples with different texture characteristics. The samples were then subjected to tension-tension high-cycle fatigue (HCF) tests and the fracture morphology was observed to correlate the texture characteristics with the HCF properties. The results show that the texture intensity significantly affects the HCF strength for the equiaxed microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V alloys with an equivalent grain size and the same texture type; also, the HCF strength decreases with increasing texture intensity. The fracture morphology observation and Schmid factor calculation show that planar facets, which are a characteristic feature of crack initiation sites, are formed due to the strength mismatch caused by the inhomogeneous slip distribution favored either for prismatic or basal slip. The effect of the texture intensity on the HCF properties can be explained by the influence of the number of pile-up locations of ‘soft’ grains neighboring ‘hard’ grains in the typical Stroh model that elucidates the planar facet formation mechanism.
Annealing treatment for improving the mechanical properties of 00Cr18Nb ferritic stainless steel prepared by investment casting
Authors: Hu Yu-Kun , Mao Wei-Min
Published: July 2021

The as-cast and annealed mechanical properties of 00Cr18Nb ferritic stainless steel prepared by investment casting process were studied. Experimental results indicated that the problem of unstable plastic fluctuations in the as-cast state can be effectively solved by annealing treatment. The plasticity of the investment-cast 00Cr18Nb steel after annealing at 800 and 850 °C was more stable than that of 900 °C. It showed that the optimum annealing condition was 850 °C for 2 h with the appropriate elongation and tensile strength of 26.3 ± 0.4% and 513 ± 4 MPa, respectively. The main reason for annealing to improve plasticity is the Laves phase in the microstructure, which has better effects on mechanical properties than (Ti,Nb)(C,N) particles and grain size. With the increase of annealing temperature and time, the size of Laves phase tended to increase. The size, quantity, morphology and distribution of Laves phase after annealing are closely related to the mechanical properties. The Laves phase with a large amount of uniform distribution in the form of small particles can effectively improve the mechanical properties after annealing treatment.
CHIT: an allele-specific method for testing the association between molecular quantitative traits and phenotype–genotype interaction
Authors: Yan Qi , Forno Erick , Celedón Juan C , Chen Wei , Weeks Daniel E
Published: July 2021

Motivation

Allele-specific differences in molecular traits can be obtained from next-generation sequencing data and could potentially improve testing power, but such information is usually overlooked in association studies. Furthermore, the variation of molecular quantitative traits (e.g. gene expression) could result from the interaction effect of genotypes and phenotypes, but it is challenging to identify such interaction signals in complex disease studies in humans due to small genetic effect sizes and/or small sample sizes.

Results

We develop a novel statistical method, the combined haplotype interaction test (CHIT), which tests for association between molecular quantitative traits and phenotype–genotype interactions by modeling the total read counts and allele-specific reads in a target region. CHIT can be used as a supplementary analysis to the regular linear interaction regression. In our simulations, CHIT obtains non-inflated type I error rates, and it has higher power than a standard interaction quantitative trait locus approach based on linear regression models. Finally, we illustrate CHIT by testing associations between gene expression obtained by RNA-seq and the interaction of SNPs and atopy status from a study of childhood asthma in Puerto Ricans, and results demonstrate that CHIT could be more powerful than a standard linear interaction expression quantitative trait loci approach.

Availability and implementation

The CHIT algorithm has been implemented in Python. The source code and documentation are available and can be downloaded from https://github.com/QiYanPitt/CHIT.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Automatic improvement of deep learning-based cell segmentation in time-lapse microscopy by neural architecture search
Authors: Zhu Yanming , Meijering Erik
Published: July 2021

Motivation

Live cell segmentation is a crucial step in biological image analysis and is also a challenging task because time-lapse microscopy cell sequences usually exhibit complex spatial structures and complicated temporal behaviors. In recent years, numerous deep learning-based methods have been proposed to tackle this task and obtained promising results. However, designing a network with excellent performance requires professional knowledge and expertise and is very time-consuming and labor-intensive. Recently emerged neural architecture search (NAS) methods hold great promise in eliminating these disadvantages, because they can automatically search an optimal network for the task.

Results

We propose a novel NAS-based solution for deep learning-based cell segmentation in time-lapse microscopy images. Different from current NAS methods, we propose (i) jointly searching non-repeatable micro architectures to construct the macro network for exploring greater NAS potential and better performance and (ii) defining a specific search space suitable for the live cell segmentation task, including the incorporation of a convolutional long short-term memory network for exploring the temporal information in time-lapse sequences. Comprehensive evaluations on the 2D datasets from the cell tracking challenge demonstrate the competitiveness of the proposed method compared to the state of the art. The experimental results show that the method is capable of achieving more consistent top performance across all ten datasets than the other challenge methods.

Availabilityand implementation

The executable files of the proposed method as well as configurations for each dataset used in the presented experiments will be available for non-commercial purposes from https://github.com/291498346/nas_cellseg.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Morphology of the limb, shell and head explain the variation in performance and ecology across 14 turtle taxa (12 species)
Authors: Butterfield Taggert G , Herrel Anthony , Olson Mark E , Contreras-Garduño Jorge , Macip-Ríos Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

Given that morphology directly influences the ability of an organism to utilize its habitat and dietary resources, it also influences fitness. Comparing the relationship between morphology, performance and ecology is fundamental to understand how organisms evolve to occupy a wide range of habitats and diets. In turtles, studies have documented important relationships between morphology, performance and ecology, but none was field based or considered limb, shell and head morphology simultaneously. We compared the morphology, performance and ecology of 14 turtle taxa (12 species) in Mexico that range in their affinity to water and in their diet. We took linear measurements of limb, shell and head variables. We measured maximum swimming speed, maximum bite force and how often turtles were encountered on land, and we used stable isotopes to assess trophic position. We used these data to test the following three hypotheses: (1) morphology, performance and ecology covary; (2) limb and shell variables, like hand length, are correlated with swimming speed and the percentage of time spent on land; and (3) head variables, such as head width, are correlated with bite force and stable isotopes. We find support for these hypotheses and provide the first evidence that morphology influences performance and ecology in turtles in the field.
Surgeon and surgical conference attendee views on live surgery events
Authors: Alkatout I , Holthaus B , Bozzaro C , Wedel T , Westermann A M , Westermann M , Mettler L , Jünemann K-P , Becker T , Maass N , Ackermann J
Published: July 2021

Based on the principles of biomedical ethics, the authors conducted a survey focusing on the ethical aspects of, didactic benefits of and possible alternatives to live surgery events. This work provides an investigation of the ethics of live surgery events in an interdisciplinary and multicentre setting. Critical ethical concerns regarding the justification of such events are highlighted through evaluation of attendees and surgeons.
Restoration of motor function after CNS damage: is there a potential beyond spontaneous recovery?
Authors: Dietz Volker
Published: July 2021

What determines the effectiveness of neurorehabilitation approaches on the outcome of function in stroke or spinal cord injured subjects? Many studies claim that an improvement of function is based on the intensity of training, while some actual studies indicate no additional gain in function by a more intensive training after a stroke. Inherent factors seem to determine outcome, such as damage of specific tracts in stroke and level of lesion in spinal cord injured subjects, while the improvement of function achieved by an intensive training is small in relation to the spontaneous recovery. It is argued that an individual capacity of recovery exists depending on such factors. This capacity can be exploited by a repetitive execution of functional movements (supported as far as required), irrespective of the intensity and technology applied. Elderly subjects have difficulties to translate the recovery of motor deficit into function. Alternative, non-training approaches to restore motor function, such as epidural or deep brain stimulation as well as CNS repair are still in an early clinical or in a translational stage.