bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods to accompany and evaluate planning of combined sewer overflow treatment concepts for complex sewer systems
Authors: Klepiszewski K. , Seiffert S. , Regneri M. , Henry E.
Published: April 2014

Simulation tools are in common use to evaluate combined sewer overflow (CSO) treatment concepts in complex sewer systems. However, the planning of CSO structures in a sewer system is a matter of local constraints, expert knowledge and trial and error. Common standards only provide general recommendations to plan CSO structures and work out management strategies. Additionally, modelling the emissions of complex sewer systems tends to result in comprehensive findings. Although, it is essential to understand local behaviour and interaction of CSO structures in a system to improve local and overall performance there is a lack of tools to illustrate comprehensive simulation results in a simple way. In this context the methods presented here are developed. These include clear illustrations of the as-is state in the catchment using Sankey diagrams to show relevant volume and pollutant flows. Furthermore, loading and treatment indicators are suggested to illustrate local loading conditions and treatment capabilities of CSO structures in relation to the overall system. Additional emission indicators provide information on local emissions and show interactions of CSO structures. The results indicate that the suggested methods contribute to an efficient evaluation of interactions and performances to improve treatment strategies in the planning phase.
Setting standards for the future based on evidence from the past – a UK perspective on the success of the approach
Authors: Homewood S. , Snowdon C.
Published: April 2014

The Water Research Centre has collated, over a number of years, quantitative end-use (micro-component) water consumption information for over 700 properties in England and Wales. For a sample of this size, this is the most detailed set of data in the UK, and was used to inform some of the mandatory and voluntary standards that are in place in the UK today.

One such standard is in the new edition of Part G of the Building Regulations, published in 2010, which includes a water efficiency requirement for the first time. This is a whole-of-house water use standard set at a maximum of 125 litres per person per day. The voluntary Code for Sustainable Homes (the Code) also has a series of standards for water use in new homes varying from 90 to 120 litres per person per day. Both of these standards allow flexibility for people to choose what is installed in a new home (including new emerging technologies) provided they can achieve the specified water use figure. Whilst the Code is purely a design standard, the Building Regulation is a mandatory requirement and homes built to the building regulations should be inspected post-installation to confirm the devices installed have specifications in-line with the design standard.

To help inform the UK Government on the success of the approach, and to aid UK water companies develop 25 year projections of demand as part of their water resources planning, research assessing the real consumption of homes designed to these water efficiency standards has been carried out. Meter readings from a sample of homes were analysed alongside property information to identify actual water use and trends amongst property cohorts.

Results from our statistical analysis show that occupancy is the single most significant factor influencing per capita consumption and whether a home meets a given water efficiency design standard.
Solar sludge drying in Pafos wastewater treatment plant: operational experiences
Authors: Oikonomidis I. , Marinos C.
Published: April 2014

In this study, one year of operating experience with a solar sludge drying plant in Pafos wastewater treatment plant is discussed. The plant had a total area of 3,853 m2 and consisted of four parallel lines. Two types of dewatered sludge with considerably different dry matter content were used. 5,678 tn of dewatered sludge were introduced in the plant and the dried sludge had an average dried solids content of 80.9%, which corresponded to a surface annual evaporation rate of 1.14 tn H2O m−2a−1. The results indicated that solar drying may be a particularly favorable option for sewage sludge drying at climatic conditions such as those prevailing in the East Mediterranean area.
Geochemical characteristics of deep groundwater from sandstone aquifer in Qianyingzi mine, northern Anhui province, China
Authors: Gui He Rong
Published: April 2014

Major ions, trace elements and isotope concentrations for eight groundwater samples were tested, which collected from sandstone aquifer in Qianyingzi mine, northern Anhui province, China. The Geochemical characteristic of groundwater samples were studied based on the conventional graphical and multivariate statistical approach, and the resulted showed: two types of groundwater could be identified through the Piper diagram, which have high concentrations total dissolved solids (1,164–5,165 mg/L), with alkaline environment (pH = 8.02–8.90) in nature; the rare earth element of groundwater samples are characterized by enrichment of HREEs compared to LREEs when normalized to PAAS, which presented from the NdSN/YbSN ratios ranging from 0.042 to 0.121, with an average 0.075; groundwater characterized by negative Ce anomalies and positive Eu anomalies, what could be caused by the Ph conditions and exchange reaction between Eu2+ and Sr2+, respectively; δ18O and δ2H of groundwater varied from −8.78 to −8.36‰ and −68.5 to −59.5‰, respectively. The detritus and the exchange reaction between groundwater and alkyl could be the reason of obviously drift of δ2H.
Protein expression, gene amplification, epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and lung carcinoma
Authors: Panjkovic Milana , Eri Zivka , Lovrenski Aleksandra , Knezevic-Usaj Slavica , Ivkovic-Kapicl Tatjana
Published: April 2014

nema
Visceral hybrid reconstruction of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm after open repair of type a aortic dissection by the Bentall procedure with the elephant trunk technique: A case report
Authors: Marjanovic Ivan , Sarac Momir , Tomic Aleksandar , Rusovic Sinisa , Sekulovic Leposava , Lekovic Marko , Bezmarevic Mihailo
Published: April 2014

Introduction. Reconstruction of chronic type B dissection and
thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) remaining after the emergency
reconstruction of the ascending thoracic aorta and aortic arch for acute
type A dissection represents one of the major surgical challenges.
Complications of chronic type B dissection are aneurysmal formation and
rupture of an aortic aneurysm with a high mortality rate. We presented a
case of visceral hybrid reconstruction of TAAA secondary to chronic
dissection type B after the Bentall procedure with the elephant trunk
technique due to acute type A aortic dissection in a high-risk patient. Case
report. A 62 year-old woman was admitted to our institution for
reconstruction of Crawford type I TAAA secondary to chronic dissection. The
patient had had an acute type A aortic dissection 3 years before and
undergone reconstruction by the Bentall procedure with the elephant trunk
technique with valve replacement. On admission the patient had coronary
artery disease (myocardial infarction, two times in the past 3 years),
congestive heart disease with ejection fraction of 25% and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease. On computed tomography (CT) of the aorta TAAA
was revealed with a maximum diameter of 93 mm in the descending thoracic
aorta secondary to chronic dissection. All the visceral arteries originated
from the true lumen with exception of the celiac artery (CA), and the end of
chronic dissection was below the origin of the superior mesenteric artery
(SMA). The patient was operated on using surgical visceral reconstruction of
the SMA, CA and the right renal artery (RRA) as the first procedure.
Postoperative course was without complications. Endovascular TAAA
reconstruction was performed as the second procedure one month later, when
the elephant trunk was used as the proximal landing zone for the endograft,
and distal landing zone was the level of origin of the RRA. Postoperatively,
the patient had no neurological deficit and renal, liver function and
functions of the other abdominal organs were normal. Control CT after 6
months showed full exclusion of the aneurysm from the systemic circulation
without endoleak and good flow through visceral anastomosis. Conclusion. In
patients with comorbidities, like in the presented case, visceral hybrid
reconstruction of chronic dissection type B with TAAA could be the treatment
of choice.
Fetus in Fetu: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Sathe Pragati Aditya , Ghodke Ratnaprabha Kundlikrao , Kandalkar Bhuvaneshwari Mahendra
Published: April 2014

The objective of this article is to present an analysis of cases of fetus in fetu (FIF) diagnosed at our institute and to compare our data to that of the published literature. This is a retrospective analysis of cases of FIF diagnosed at our institute from January 2000 to December 2012. Details of clinical and investigational data pertaining to cases of FIF were retrieved from hospital records, and were analyzed and summarized. Literature was reviewed and our data were compared to that of published cases. We evaluated seven cases (4 males and 3 females) of FIF during the study period. The age of patients ranged from two days to 15 years. The most common site of occurrence in our study was the retroperitoneum, with the most common presenting feature being an abdominal mass. Radiology showed a solid-cystic mass. Pathologic findings were diagnostic of FIF. Most findings of our study matched with those reported in literature. The condition of FIF must be included in the differential diagnosis of abdominal masses, especially in children. This entity must be differentiated from the more commonly occurring teratoma, which can be done based on its unique clinical, radiologic, and pathologic characteristics. To our knowledge, this is the longest series of cases of FIF reported from a single institute.
Mn ferrite nanoparticle generation in distilled water using Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet laser
Authors: Dehghanpour H. R. , Delshad L.
Published: April 2014

In this work, the authors have generated Mn ferrite nanoparticles by Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser irradiation in distilled water. Then, they have investigated shape and size of nanoparticles by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscope. Chemical composition of nanoparticle was characterized using dispersive x-ray energy, and the magnetic properties of them were studied by magnetic force microscopy. A spinel structure in nanoparticles similar to the bulk sample was shown by selected area electron diffraction. The results show that the chemical composition and magnetic properties of nanoparticles are nearly similar to bulk sample.

At the request of the Editor and AIP Publishing, this article is being retracted effective 11 March 2020.
Composition operators on W
1
X are necessarily induced by quasiconformal mappings
Authors: Kleprlík Luděk
Published: April 2014

Let Ω ⊂ ℝn be an open set and X(Ω) be any rearrangement invariant function space close to L
q(Ω), i.e. X has the q-scaling property. We prove that each homeomorphism f which induces the composition operator u ↦ u ℴ f from W
1
X to W
1
X is necessarily a q-quasiconformal mapping. We also give some new results for the sufficiency of this condition for the composition operator.
Irreducible Jacobian derivations in positive characteristic
Authors: Jędrzejewicz Piotr
Published: April 2014

We prove that an irreducible polynomial derivation in positive characteristic is a Jacobian derivation if and only if there exists an (n-1)-element p-basis of its ring of constants. In the case of two variables we characterize these derivations in terms of their divergence and some nontrivial constants.
Useful Resources for Authors and Reviewers
Authors: Simoneau Guy G.
Published: April 2014

In this month's issue of JOSPT, we are publishing a joint editorial on mandatory use of reporting guidelines. The content of the editorial has been endorsed by the editors of 28 rehabilitation journals, with the goal to improve reporting of disability and rehabilitation research. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(4):227. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.0106
Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Rainey Charles E. , Taysom Danielle A. , Rosenthal Michael D.
Published: April 2014

The patient was a 34-year-old man currently serving in the military who was referred to a physical therapist by his primary care physician for a chief complaint of worsening right shoulder pain and paresthesias of the first, second, and third digits of his right hand, as well as right upper extremity swelling. Doppler ultrasonography was performed, and the presence of an occlusive thrombus in the right distal subclavian and axillary veins was revealed. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(4):313. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.0405
April 2014 Book Reviews
Authors: Neumann Donald , Crawford Marc T. , Geiser Christopher , Osborn Roy , Paterno Mark V. , Hughes Christopher
Published: April 2014

JOSPT offers invited reviews of current titles. The April 2014 column includes 5 reviews of the following books: The Use of Aquatics in Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Rehabilitation and Physical Conditioning; Clinical Mechanics and Kinesiology (With Web Resource); Anatomy: An Essential Textbook; Articular Cartilage Injury of the Knee: Basic Science to Surgical Repair; and Muscle Injuries in Sports. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(4):314–317. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.44.4.314
Testing of inhibition activity of essential oils against Paenibacillus larvae – the causative agent of American foulbrood
Authors: Kuzyšinová Katarína , Mudroňová Dagmar , Toporčák Juraj , Nemcová Radomíra , Molnár Ladislav , Maďari Aladár , Vaníková Slavomíra , Kožár Martin
Published: April 2014

American foulbrood is a dangerous world-wide spread disease of honey bees caused by the Paenibacillus larvae bacterium. Antibiotic treatments are less effective and leave residues in bee products. It is therefore necessary to find an alternative, especially using natural ingredients such as plant essential oils, probiotics, fatty or organic acids. Two strains of P. larvae were used for this study: CCM 4488, a strain from the Czech collection of micro-organisms and a Slovak field strain which was isolated from infected bee combs and characterized on the basis of biochemical properties. Plant essential oils of sage (Salvia officinalis), anise (Pimpinella anisum), oregano (Origanum vulgare), caraway (Carum carvi), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), rosemary (Rosmarinum officinalis), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), camomile (Chamomilla recutita) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) were used for the testing of the inhibitory activity against P. larvae. Essential oils at amounts of 5 µl and 10 µl were applied to sterile discs on MYPGP agar; inhibition zone diameters were measured after 24-h incubation at 37 °C. The strongest inhibitory activity against both P. larvae strains was noted in case of the essential oils from oregano, thyme and clove; essential oils from camomile, rosemary and fennel showed no or weak antibacterial activity. Medium strong inhibition activity was recorded in case of previously untested essential oil from Carum carvi. There was a difference in sensitivity of both tested strains to essential oils. Our study confirmed that some essential oils can be used in the prevention of American foulbrood but further experiments aimed at their influence on physiological intestinal microflora of honey bees must be performed.
Expanding the borders: the evolution of neurosurgical approaches
Authors: Ottenhausen Malte , Bodhinayake Imithri , Evins Alexander I. , Banu Matei , Boockvar John A. , Bernardo Antonio
Published: April 2014

In this article the authors discuss the development of neurosurgical approaches and the advances in science and technology that influenced this development throughout history. They provide a broad overview of this interesting topic from the first attempts of trephination by ancient cultures to the work of the pioneers of neurosurgery and the introduction of microsurgery.
The history of neurosurgery and its relation to the development and refinement of the frontotemporal craniotomy
Authors: Ormond D. Ryan , Hadjipanayis Costas G.
Published: April 2014

The history of neurosurgery is filled with descriptions of brave surgeons performing surgery against great odds in an attempt to improve outcomes in their patients. In the distant past, most neurosurgical procedures were limited to trephination, and this was sometimes performed for unclear reasons. Beginning in the Renaissance and accelerating through the middle and late 19th century, a greater understanding of cerebral localization, antisepsis, anesthesia, and hemostasis led to an era of great expansion in neurosurgical approaches and techniques. During this process, frontotemporal approaches were also developed and refined over time. Progress often depended on the technical advances of scientists coupled with the innovative ideas and courage of pioneering surgeons. A better understanding of this history provides insight into where we originated as a specialty and in what directions we may go in the future. This review considers the historical events enabling the development of neurosurgery as a specialty, and how this relates to the development of frontotemporal approaches.
Materials used in cranioplasty: a history and analysis
Authors: Shah Aatman M. , Jung Henry , Skirboll Stephen
Published: April 2014

Cranioplasty, one of the oldest surgical procedures used to repair cranial defects, has undergone many revolutions over time to find the ideal material to improve patient prognosis. Cranioplasty offers cosmetic and protective benefits for patients with cranial defects. The first primitive cranioplasty procedures date back to 7000 bc and used metal and gourds to repair cranial defects. Cranioplasty was first documented by Fallopius who described repair using gold plates; the first bone graft was documented by van Meekeren. The first significant improvement for this procedure began with experimentation involving bone grafts in the late 19th century as a more natural approach for repairing cranial defects. The next impetus for advancement came because of wartime injuries incurred during World Wars I and II and involved experimentation with synthetic materials to counter the common complications associated with bone grafts. Methyl methacrylate, hydroxyapatite, ceramics, and polyetheretherketone implants among other materials have since been researched and used. Research now has shifted toward molecular biology to improve the ability of the patient to regenerate bone using bone growth factors. This paper reviews the evolution of materials used over time in addition to the various advantages and pitfalls associated with each change. It is important for neurosurgeons to be mindful of how these techniques have evolved in order to gain a better understanding of this procedure and how it has been adapted.
A brief history of early neuroanesthesia
Authors: Chivukula Srinivas , Grandhi Ramesh , Friedlander Robert M.
Published: April 2014

Two key discoveries in the 19th century—infection control and the development of general anesthesia—provided an impetus for the rapid advancement of surgery, especially within the field of neurosurgery. Improvements in anesthesia and perioperative care, in particular, fostered the development of meticulous surgical technique conducive to the refinement of neuroanatomical understanding and optimization of neurosurgical procedures and outcomes. Yet, even dating back to the earliest times, some form of anesthesia or perioperative pain management was used during neurosurgical procedures. Despite a few reports on anesthesia published around the time of William Morton's now-famous public demonstration of ether anesthesia in 1846, relatively little is known or written of early anesthetics in neurosurgery. In the present article the authors discuss the history of anesthesia pertaining to neurosurgical procedures and draw parallels between the refinements and developments in anesthesia care over time with some of the concomitant advances in neurosurgery.
Making the “inoperable” tumors “operable”: Harvey Cushing's contributions to the surgery of posterior fossa tumors
Authors: Malekpour Mahdi , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A.
Published: April 2014

Harvey Cushing played a pivotal role in establishing neurosurgery as a distinct surgical discipline. One of his most important contributions was defining the surgical removal of posterior fossa tumors. Compulsive preoperative evaluation followed by meticulous surgical technique as well as incorporation of maneuvers such as ventricular puncture and electrocautery further advanced resection of tumors in this region. Herein, the authors review Cushing's contributions to posterior fossa surgery.
The Royal Horticultural Society's 1864 botanical competition
Authors: Middleton Richard
Published: April 2014

The Royal Horticultural Society's botanical competition of 1864 aroused an early stirring of concern for the need for botanical conservation in Britain. Competitors were required to submit a set of pressed plants collected from a single British county and although the organizer's intention was to encourage study of British plants amongst “all classes”, this laudable aim provoked an angry response from both professional and amateur botanists who claimed that it would encourage the extirpation of rare taxa. A compromise was reached and the competition rules were modified to restrict the number of plants that could be submitted and to discourage the collection of those that were rare. An analysis of the 39 medallists shows that they were equally divided between men and women and that the women were likely to be young, affluent and unmarried but that the men were drawn from a much wider demographic and social class. It is concluded that the fears of damage by large numbers of unprincipled competitors were unfounded but that the aims of the Royal Horticultural Society were also largely unmet with the majority of competitors being from professional backgrounds rather than the artisans who were to be encouraged.
Climate Change, Human Rights and the Problem of Motivation
Authors: Bourban Michel
Published: April 2014

In this paper, I discuss some of the human rights that are threatened by the impact of global warming and the problem of motivation to comply with the duties of climate justice. I explain in what sense human rights can be violated by climate change and try to show that there are not only moral reasons to address this problem, but also more prudential motives, which I refer to as quasi-moral and non-moral reasons. I also assess some implications of potentially catastrophic impacts driven by this ecological issue. My aim is to locate, by outlining a normative perspective based on sound empirical findings, urgent climate injustices, and explain why well-off citizens in developed countries have strong reasons to avert the potentially massive violation of the rights of present and future victims of climate change.
An Interview with Professor Simon Caney
Authors: Brandstedt Eric
Published: April 2014

No abstract available.
Diversity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Boraginaceae Structures, Distribution, and Biological Properties
Authors: El-Shazly Assem , Wink Michael
Published: April 2014

Among the diversity of secondary metabolites which are produced by plants as means of defence against herbivores and microbes, pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are common in Boraginaceae, Asteraceae and some other plant families. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are infamous as toxic compounds which can alkylate DNA und thus cause mutations and even cancer in herbivores and humans. Almost all genera of the family Boraginaceae synthesize and store this type of alkaloids. This review reports the available information on the present status (literature up to early 2014) of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the Boraginaceae and summarizes the topics structure, distribution, chemistry, chemotaxonomic significance, and biological properties.
The Problems and Challenges of Managing Crowd Sourced Audio-Visual Evidence
Authors: Lallie Harjinder
Published: April 2014

A number of recent incidents, such as the Stanley Cup Riots, the uprisings in the Middle East and the London riots have demonstrated the value of crowd sourced audio-visual evidence wherein citizens submit audio-visual footage captured on mobile phones and other devices to aid governmental institutions, responder agencies and law enforcement authorities to confirm the authenticity of incidents and, in the case of criminal activity, to identify perpetrators. The use of such evidence can present a significant logistical challenge to investigators, particularly because of the potential size of data gathered through such mechanisms and the added problems of time-lining disparate sources of evidence and, subsequently, investigating the incident(s). In this paper we explore this problem and, in particular, outline the pressure points for an investigator. We identify and explore a number of particular problems related to the secure receipt of the evidence, imaging, tagging and then time-lining the evidence, and the problem of identifying duplicate and near duplicate items of audio-visual evidence.
Evaluation of the Zone of Influence and Entrainment Impacts for an Intake Using a 3-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Transport Model
Authors: Prakash Shwet , Kolluru Venkat , Young Carol
Published: April 2014

Ballast water systems in large LNG carriers are essential for proper operations and stability. Water withdrawn from the surrounding environment to supply to the ballast can pose entrainment and impingement risk to the resident fish population. Quantification of these risks and the net effect on population is usually quite challenging and complex. Various methods over the last several decades have been developed and are available in the literature for quantification of entrainment of mobile and immobile lifestages of resident fish. In this study, a detailed 3-dimensional model was developed to estimate the entrainment of ichthyoplankton (fish eggs and larvae) and fish from an estuarine environment during the repeated short-term operation of a ballast water intake for an LNG carrier. It was also used to develop a zone of influence to determine the ability of mobile life stages to avoid impingement. The ichthyoplankton model is an Equivalent Adult Model (EAM) and assesses the number of breeding adults lost to the population. The EAM incorporates four different methods developed between 1978 and 2005. The study also considers the uncertainty in estimates for the lifestage data and, as such, performs sensitivity analyses to evaluate the confidence level achievable in such quantitative estimates for entrainment.
Characterization of Catalytically Active Octahedral Metal Halide Cluster Complexes
Authors: Kamiguchi Satoshi , Nagashima Sayoko , Chihara Teiji
Published: April 2014

Halide clusters have not been used as catalysts. Hexanuclear molecular halide clusters of niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, and tungsten possessing an octahedral metal framework are chosen as catalyst precursors. The prepared clusters have no metal–metal multiple bonds or coordinatively unsaturated sites and therefore required activation. In a hydrogen or helium stream, the clusters are treated at increasingly higher temperatures. Above 150–250 °C, catalytically active sites develop, and the cluster framework is retained up to 350–450 °C. One of the active sites is a Brønsted acid resulting from a hydroxo ligand that is produced by the elimination of hydrogen halide from the halogen and aqua ligands. The other active site is a coordinatively unsaturated metal, which can be isoelectronic with the platinum group metals by taking two or more electrons from the halogen ligands. In the case of the rhenium chloride cluster Re3Cl9, the cluster framework is stable at least up to 300 °C under inert atmosphere; however, it is reduced to metallic rhenium at 250–300 °C under hydrogen. The activated clusters are characterized by X-ray diffraction analyses, Raman spectrometry, extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis, thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis, infrared spectrometry, acid titration with Hammett indicators, and elemental analyses.
A plastid DNA phylogeny of tribe Miliuseae: Insights into relationships and character evolution in one of the most recalcitrant major clades of Annonaceae
Authors: Chaowasku Tanawat , Thomas Daniel C. , van der Ham Raymond W. J. M. , Smets Erik F. , Mols Johan B. , Chatrou Lars W.
Published: April 2014

• Premise of the study: Tribe Miliuseae (∼25 genera and ∼510 species) includes a substantial part of the species and generic diversity in the pantropical flowering‐plant family Annonaceae (∼108 genera and ∼2400 species). Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses have failed to resolve the backbone phylogeny of the tribe, impeding biogeographical and evolutionary studies. We use a dense generic taxon sample (∼89% of generic diversity in Miliuseae) and plastid DNA sequence data (∼7 kb) to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of and within the tribe.

• Methods: Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions and ancestral character‐state reconstructions of several reproductive characters were performed.

• Key results: Dendrokingstoniae, Monocarpieae, and Miliuseae are recovered in a strongly supported clade, and each tribe is strongly supported as monophyletic. Miliuseae are characterized by a synapomorphic cryptoaperturate/disulculate pollen apertural system. Stenanona is shown to be nested within the paraphyletic genus Desmopsis. The only Neotropical clade (Sapranthus, Tridimeris, Desmopsis, and Stenanona) in the predominantly Asian Miliuseae is shown to be closely related to an undescribed genus from continental Southeast Asia and the Indo‐Malayan and Austral‐Pacific genus Meiogyne. Ancestral character‐state reconstructions of several reproductive characters that are diagnostically important at the generic level indicate a considerable degree of homoplasy.

• Conclusions: The results improve our understanding of the relationships of and within Miliuseae, but parts of the backbone of the phylogeny remain poorly supported. Additional data from variable nuclear markers or reduced‐genome‐representation approaches seem to be required to further resolve relationships within this recalcitrant clade.
Whole genome shotgun sequences for microsatellite discovery and application in cultivated and wild Macadamia (Proteaceae)
Authors: Nock Catherine J. , Elphinstone Martin S. , Ablett Gary , Kawamata Asuka , Hancock Wayne , Hardner Craig M. , King Graham J.
Published: April 2014

• Premise of the study: Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) data are widely used for single‐nucleotide polymorphism discovery and genetic marker development in species with limited available genome information. We developed microsatellite primers for the Proteaceae nut crop species Macadamia integrifolia and assessed cross‐species transferability in all congeners to investigate genetic identification of cultivars and gene flow.

• Methods and Results: Primers were designed from both raw and assembled Illumina NGS paired‐end reads. The final 12 microsatellite markers selected were polymorphic among wild individuals of all four Macadamia species—M. integrifolia, M. tetraphylla, M. ternifolia, and M. jansenii—and in commercial macadamia cultivars including hybrids.

• Conclusions: We demonstrate the utility of raw and assembled Illumina NGS reads from total genomic DNA for the rapid development of microsatellites in Macadamia. These primers will facilitate future studies of population structure, hybridization, parentage, and cultivar identification in cultivated and wild Macadamia populations.
American College of Rheumatology Criteria at Inception, and Accrual over 5 Years in the SLICC Inception Cohort
Authors: Urowitz Murray B. , Gladman Dafna D. , Ibañez Dominique , Sanchez-Guerrero Jorge , Romero-Diaz Juanita , Gordon Caroline , Bae Sang-Cheol , Clarke Anne E. , Bernatsky Sasha , Fortin Paul R. , Hanly John G. , Isenberg David , Rahman Anisur , Wallace Daniel J. , Ginzler Ellen , Petri Michelle , Bruce Ian N. , Merrill Joan T. , Nived Ola , Sturfelt Gunnar , Dooley Mary Anne , Alarcón Graciela S. , Fessler Barri , Steinsson Kristjan , Ramsey-Goldman Rosalind , Zoma Asad , Khamashta Munther , Manzi Susan , van Vollenhoven Ronald , Ramos-Casals Manuel , Aranow Cynthia , Stoll Thomas
Published: April 2014

Objective.

To determine the frequency of each American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criterion met at time of enrollment, and the increase in each of the criteria over 5 years.

Methods.

In 2000 the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) recruited an international inception cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; ≥ 4 ACR criteria) who were followed at yearly intervals according to a standard protocol. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the total and cumulative number of ACR criteria met at each visit. Regression models were done to compare the increase of individual and cumulative criteria as a function of race/ethnicity group, and sex.

Results

In all, 768 patients have been followed for a minimum of 5 years. Overall, 59.1% of the patients had an increase in the number of ACR criteria they met over the 5-year period. The mean number of ACR criteria met at enrollment was 5.04 ± 1.13 and at year 5 was 6.03 ± 1.42. At enrollment, nonwhite patients had a higher number of ACR criteria (5.19 ± 1.23) than white patients. The total number of criteria increased in both white and nonwhite ethnicities, but increased more among whites. Males had a slightly lower number of criteria at enrollment compared to females and males accrued fewer criteria at 5 years.

Conclusion.

In this international inception cohort of SLE patients with at least 4 ACR criteria at entry, there was an accumulation of ACR criteria over the following 5 years. The distribution of criteria both at inception and over 5 years is affected by sex and ethnicity.
General Practitioners’ Perceptions of Their Ability to Identify and Refer Patients with Suspected Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Qualitative Study
Authors: van Onna Marloes , Gorter Simone , van Meerendonk Aniek , van Tubergen Astrid
Published: April 2014

Objective.

To explore the knowledge, beliefs, and experiences of general practitioners (GP) about inflammatory back pain (IBP) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and potential barriers for referral of patients suspected of having axSpA.

Methods.

A qualitative study involving semistructured interviews with GP was conducted. Transcripts of the interviews were independently read and annotated by 2 readers. Illustrative themes were identified and a coding system to categorize the data was developed.

Results.

Ten GP (all men; mean age 49 yrs) were interviewed. All could adequately describe “classic” ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and mentioned chronic back pain and/or stiffness as key features. All GP thought that AS is almost exclusively diagnosed in men. Six GP knew that there is a difference between mechanical back pain and IBP, but could recall only a limited number of variables indicative of IBP, such as awakening night pain (4 GP), insidious onset of back pain (1 GP), improvement with movement (1 GP), and (morning) stiffness (2 GP). Two GP mentioned peripheral arthritis as other SpA features, none mentioned dactylitis or enthesitis. GP awareness of associated extraarticular manifestations was low. Most GP expressed that (practical) referral measures would be useful.

Conclusion.

GP are aware of “classic”, but longterm features of axSpA. Knowledge about the disease spectrum and early detection is, however, limited. Addressing these issues in training programs may improve recognition of axSpA in primary care. This may ultimately contribute to earlier referral, diagnosis, and initiation of effective treatment in patients with axSpA.
Reaction of (conjugated) deoxynivalenol with sulphur reagents - novel metabolites, toxicity and application
Authors: Schwartz-Zimmermann H.E. , Wiesenberger G. , Unbekannt C. , Hessenberger S. , Schatzmayr D. , Berthiller F.
Published: April 2014

Recently, three novel deoxynivalenol (DON) sulphonates (DONS-1, -2 and -3) formed by transformation of DON with sulphur reagents were discovered. Their structures were elucidated, factors influencing their formation were investigated and their stability was evaluated. The first aim of the present work was to assess the toxicity of the three DONS. The hypothesis was a loss of toxicity of DONS-1 and reduced toxicity of DONS-2 and DONS-3 compared with DON. Three different toxicity tests confirmed this hypothesis, revealing reduction of toxicity by factors of at least 330, 29 and 33 for DONS-1, -2 and -3, respectively. The second objective was to investigate the reaction of DON conjugates with sulphur reagents both in solution and in cereal samples, and to determine the pattern of the formed DONS in DON-contaminated cereals. Reversed phase ultra high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry demonstrated that also conjugated mycotoxins (DON-3-glucoside, 3-acetyl-DON, 15-acetyl-DON) are converted into DON conjugate sulphonates upon incubation with sodium metabisulphite (SBS) or sodium sulphite in solution. DON conjugate sulphonates of the series 1, 2 and 3 differed in their fragmentation pattern in a similar way as DONS-1, -2 and -3. Treatment of a barley sample contaminated with DON, 3-acetyl-DON and the masked mycotoxin DON-3-glucoside with SBS revealed that the predominantly formed compounds are DONS-3 and DON conjugate sulphonates of the series 3, followed by those of the series 2. Incubation of DON containing maize samples of different moisture contents with 0.5% of SBS or sodium sulphite for 7 days confirmed DONS-3 as main DON transformation product. Both in barley and in maize, SBS and sodium sulphite showed different efficiency for transformation of DON at low moisture contents. These findings provide novel insights into inactivation of DON-contaminated cereals.
Developing Scale for Assimilate the Integration between Learning Theories and E-learning.
Authors: Iskander George Maher
Published: April 2014

As e-learning tend to get more and more significant for all kind of universities, researchers and consultants are becoming aware of the fact that a high technology approach and Blackboard do not guarantee successful teaching and learning. Thus, a move to pedagogy-based theories can be observed within the field of e-learning. This study describes the procedure of the development of an empirically-based psychometrically-sound instrument to measure instructional model for e-learning system at Middle East universities. In order to accelerate the acceptance of e-learning and implementation of institution-wide adoption of e-learning, it is important to understand students' perceptions with instructional model for e- learning. The 19-item scale developed shows a high probability of differentiating between positive and negative perceptions and the methods which can be used for embedding the traditional learning theories into e-learning.
Using Assessment for Learning Mathematics with Mobile Tablet Based Solutions
Authors: Isabwe Ghislain Maurice Norbert , Reichert Frank , Carlsen Martin , Lian Thomas Andreè
Published: April 2014

This article discusses assessment for learning in mathematics subjects. Teachers of large classes face the challenge of regularly assessing studentsâ?? ongoing mathematical learning achievements. Taking the complexity of assessment and feedback for learning as a background, we have developed a new approach to the assessment for learning mathematics at university level. We devised mobile tablet technology supported assessment processes, and we carried out user studies in both Rwanda and Norway. Results of our study indicated that students found it fruitful to be involved in assessing other studentsâ?? mathematics work, i.e. assessing fellow studentsâ?? answers to mathematical tasks. By being involved in the assessment process, the students expected mathematical learning gains. Their providing and obtaining of feedback to/from their fellow students using technology supported tools were highly appreciated as regards their own mathematical learning process.
Web-based Cooperative Learning in College Chemistry Teaching
Authors: Jiang Bin
Published: April 2014

With the coming of information era, information process depend on internet and multi-media technology in education becomes the new approach of present teaching model reform. Web-based cooperative learning is becoming a popular learning approach with the rapid development of web technology. The paper aims to how to carry out the teaching strategy of web-based cooperative learning and applied in the foundation chemistry teaching.It was shown that with the support of modern web-based teaching environment, students' cooperative learning capacity and overall competence can be better improved and the problems of interaction in large foundation chemistry classes can be solved. Web-based cooperative learning can improve learning performance of students, what's more Web-based cooperative learning provides students with cooperative skills, communication skills, creativity, critical thinking skills and skills in information technology application.
Traditional Classroom vs E-learning in Higher Education: Difference between Students' Behavioral Engagement
Authors: Li Fei , Qi Jingyao , Wang Guiwei , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: April 2014

We discuss traditional classroom, e-learning, behavioral engagement and difference between behavioral engagements in two kind of instruction environment. Results from variance analyses suggest that there is no significant difference between engagements of active learning in different classroom conditions, and there exist significant differences on higher-level learning of innovative and critical thinking. Our findings highlight students' behavioral engagements in two environments have no significant advantage over each other, but e-learning facilitates higher-level learning better.
Correlation between the Economy News and Stock Market in Turkey
Authors: Seker Sadi Evren , Mert Cihan , Al-Naami Khaled , Ozalp Nuri , Ayan Ugur
Published: April 2014

Depending on the market strength and structure, it is a known fact that there is a correlation between the stock market values and the content in newspapers. The correlation increases in weak and speculative markets, while they never get reduced to zero in the strongest markets. This research focuses on the correlation between the economic news published in a highly circulating newspaper in Turkey and the stock market closing values in Turkey. In the research several feature extraction methodologies are implemented on both of the data sources, which are the stock market values and economic news. Since the economic news is in natural language format, the text mining technique, term frequency – inverse document frequency is implemented. On the other hand, the time series analysis methods like random walk, Bollinger band, moving average or difference are applied over the stock market values. After the feature extraction step, the classification methods are built on the well-known classifiers support vector machine, k-nearest neighborhood and decision tree. Moreover, an ensemble classifier based on majority voting is implemented on top of these classifiers. The success rates show that the results are satisfactory to claim the methods implemented in this study can be spread to future research with similar data sets from other countries.
Serious Gaming at School
Authors: Bottino Rosa Maria , Ott Michela , Tavella Mauro
Published: April 2014

The concept of Serious Gaming refers to the adoption of classical entertainment games for purposes other than entertainment, including learning and instruction. In this paper the authors report on a Serious Gaming field experiment where typical board games (such as battleship, master mind and domino) were employed with the shifted purpose of triggering and sustaining primary school students' reasoning and logical abilities. The results of the field experiment showed that: 1) there is a strong correlation between school achievement and the ability to play and solve this kind of games and that 2) motivation and engagement in game-based learning tasks is very high, irrespective of the level of achievement of the subjects. Final considerations are drawn about the potential and the opportunity of adopting the considered games to support those reasoning skills that are widely recognized as transversal to any kind of learning and thus deeply affecting overall school performance.
The Importance of Future Kindergarten Teachers' Beliefs about the Usefulness of Games Based Learning
Authors: Manessis Dionysios
Published: April 2014

This paper examines the importance of future kindergarten teachers' beliefs about the usefulness of Games Based Learning in Early Childhood Education. Data were collected by using questionnaires which were given to the participants at the end of an introductory level, Information and Communication Technologies course. The sample of this study was 200 students attending a Bachelor in Education degree at the faculty of Early Childhood Education, University of Athens, in Greece. Results indicated that the majority of the sample had very positive beliefs about the use of Games Based Learning in pre-school education. Most of the students agreed that educational digital games are a useful way to enhance young children's learning. Beliefs were significantly affected by: year of study, frequency of computer usage, experience in a pre-school classroom, previous experience in playing computer games, and previous courses about the use/integration of educational technologies in kindergarten classroom.
Success of Open Source in Developing Countries
Authors: Amrollahi Alireza , Khansari Mohammad , Manian Amir
Published: April 2014

Open Source approach has been recognized as one of the best methods for software development in developing countries. Previous research however underemphasized different aspects of Open Source Software (OSS) success in context of developing countries compared to western context. In this research the authors use exploratory mixed methodology to study measures of and factors affecting OSS success with emphasize on the social and cultural context of Iran. In the qualitative section of the research 13 interviews with experts of the field have been conducted and the result is reflected in the research model. In the quantitative section, five research hypotheses have been evaluated by using data of 109 Iranian projects from sourceforge.net repository. The results indicate that the license type and use of project management tools may affect the success of OSS. The authors finally conclude that OSS research especially in the field of OSS success may lead to different findings in different contexts.
Developing Conversations
Authors: Read Martin , Gear Tony , Groves Sam
Published: April 2014

This paper explores the process of supporting learning through the use of a ‘low impact' Group Support System (GSS) based on handset technology. The protocol used is described and a conceptual framework is proposed with which to explain practice. The framework centres on the encouragement of conversation which is focused on the reasons for differences, coupled with a reduction of personal anxiety, achieved with the flexibility offered through the GSS meeting environment. A field-based case study in post graduate education is reported in detail, and a number of other field-based case studies are reported in summary. These serve to demonstrate the potential for suitably designed Group Support Systems to aid groups to overcome certain fundamental difficulties with which they have to contend.