bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of astaxanthin‐loaded nanoparticles and their neuroprotective effects on C6 cell lines
Authors: Oanh Ho Thi , Hien Hoang Thi Minh , Van Tru Nguyen , Hien Trinh Thi , Hoang Mai Ha
Published: March 2024

Astaxanthin (AST), a well‐known carotenoid primarily extracted from the green microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, exhibits notable pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antioxidation, anti‐inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, its practical application in pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics is hindered by its limited water solubility and poor bioavailability. To address these challenges, this study aims to fabricate astaxanthin‐loaded nanoparticles and evaluate their neuroprotective potential. Nanoparticles of astaxanthin were synthesized by the freeze‐drying method using the surfactants Tween 80 and lecithin, the β‐cyclodextrin encapsulating agent. The nanoparticles possessing high AST loading (up to 9.6 wt%) had a spherical shape with an average particle size of 98 nm and negative surface potentials (ζ = −36.8 mV). The neuroprotective effects of the astaxanthin nanoparticles were thoroughly determined. Nanoastaxanthin (NA) exhibited excellent dispersibility and stability in aqueous solutions, thereby remarkably improving its absorption into the C6 glial cell line. Furthermore, nanoastaxanthin protected C6 cells against Aβ25‐35‐induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting the activity of acetylcholinesterase and the expression of genes (iNOS, COX, TNF‐α, and IL‐6) involved in the inflammatory pathway. In general, these results suggest that nanoparticles of astaxanthin in this work may be appropriate ingredients for functional foods.
The utility of trace DNA within forensic science for investigative and intelligence purposes
Authors: Hoffmann Rachael , Meakin Georgina E. , Morelato Marie , Roux Claude
Published: March 2024

Forensic science not only provides evidence to support criminal investigations, but also contributes to knowledge surrounding criminal phenomena. Forensic scientists are in the unique position to strategically combine information gained from traces to create intelligence that can assist the security space in keeping our communities safe. Research into the use of traces for more than just criminal investigations, with a focus on the greater “utility” of a trace, has pointed to the broader problem‐solving potential of traces when more fully exploited. Alongside this, there has continued to be an exponential increase of the use of biological traces for criminal investigations, in particular the collection of trace DNA specimens. The potential for identification, among other information, trace DNA can provide is vast, however much of the previous research has predominately focused on recovery rates which does not provide a holistic view of the value of trace DNA. This paper summarizes the current knowledge on the utility of trace DNA, as well as makes suggestions toward the creation of a decision‐making model that can inform scene of crime officers in regards to trace selection and decisions about trace analysis.

This article is categorized under:

Forensic Biology > DNA Databases and Biometrics

Crime Scene Investigation > From Traces to Intelligence and Evidence
Efficacy of hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis using 3D visualization combined with ICG fluorescence imaging: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Zhenju , Zeng Silue , Zeng Xiaojun , Wen Sai , Zhou Yi , Cai Peilin , Zhong Hao , Liu Zhihao , Xiang Nan , Zhou Chenjie , Fang Chihua , Zeng Ning
Published: March 2024

Background

Hepatolithiasis is a complex condition that poses challenges and difficulties in surgical treatment. Three‐dimensional visualization technology combined with fluorescence imaging (3DVT‐FI) enables accurate preoperative assessment and real‐time intraoperative navigation. However, the perioperative outcomes of 3DVT‐FI in hepatolithiasis have not been reported. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of 3DVT‐FI in the treatment of hepatolithiasis.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on 128 patients who underwent hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, between January 2017 and December 2022. Among them, 50 patients underwent hepatectomy using 3DVT‐FI (3DVT‐FI group), while 78 patients underwent conventional hepatectomy without 3DVT‐FI (CH group). The operative data, postoperative liver function indices, complication rates and stone residue were compared between the two groups.

Results

There were no significant differences in preoperative baseline data between the two groups (p > 0.05). Compared with the CH group, the 3DVT‐FI group exhibited lower intraoperative blood loss (140.00 ± 112.12 vs. 225.99 ± 186.50 mL, p = 0.001), and a lower intraoperative transfusion rate (8.0% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.027). The overall incidence of postoperative complications did not differ significantly (22.0% vs. 35.9%, p = 0.096). The 3DVT‐FI group was associated with a lower immediate residual stone rate (16.0% vs. 34.6%, p = 0.021). There were no perioperative deaths in the 3DVT‐FI group, while one perioperative death occurred in the CH group.

Conclusions

The 3DVT‐FI may offer significant benefits in terms of surgical safety, reduced intraoperative bleeding and decreased stone residue during hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis.
Introduction
Authors: Yates Simeon , Carmi Elinor
Published: March 2024

This book developed from the “Digital Inclusion Policy and Research Conference 2021”. This was the third in a series of conferences that brought together, academic researchers, policy makers and practitioners. The chapters presented here represent the breadth of topics explored at the conference. The conference took place – online – at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic and as a result several the chapters here explore issues that arose or interventions that took place in response to COVID-19. This is not just a curiosity of timing but reflects a key shift in thinking, especially policy, thinking about digital exclusion and strategies for digital inclusion. COVID-19 lockdowns drove a range of responses. Many governments their agencies, health providers, community groups and businesses shifted “online”. There were many potential benefits with this shift – but it also left a lot of people behind. In fact, from our own experience and discussions with governments and civic stakeholders, we can confidently say that levels of digital inequality – not just absolute digital exclusion – caught many organisations off guard. Levels of digital access (e.g., broadband speeds), equipment, spaces in the home to use digital kit, distribution across families, as well as individual and household digital literacies were all found to be wanting or much lower than assumed.
How to Make Affordability-Focused Digital Inclusion Interventions More Effective: Lessons from the Connected Students Program
Authors: Kennedy Jenny , Holcombe-James Indigo , Mannell Kate , Boyle Estelle
Published: March 2024

This chapter discusses findings from the Connected Students program, a digital inclusion initiative delivered by Telstra (Australia’s largest telecommunications provider) and evaluated by researchers based at RMIT University. The program specifically aimed to address the affordability barriers to digital inclusion experienced by low-income households in a large regional town in Victoria, Australia. Drawing on findings from the program, this chapter outlines lessons and considerations for future digital inclusion programs.
Infocomics vs Infodemics: How Comics Utilise Health, Data and Media Literacies
Authors: Feigenbaum Anna , McDougall Julian , Tonnesen Ozlem Demirkol
Published: March 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic citizens created their own artistic representations of public health messages. Tackling everything from the significance of R numbers, to being on guard for misinformation, these public health comics were shared across social media to thousands of followers. In this chapter we present findings from our UKRI/AHRC project ‘Comics in the time of COVID-19’ that analysed a sample of over 15,000 web-comics distributed on Instagram between March 2020 and March 2021. At their best, these comics amplified official public health messages, increased data comprehension, and led to more informed approaches to consuming and sharing digital media.
Atomic Process in Plasmas
Authors: Takabe Hideaki
Published: March 2024

When a high-intensity laser is irradiated onto a solid gold (Z = 79), half of the electrons is partially ionized. The multi-electron structure of such ions is not obvious. Quantum mechanics of multi-electron systems and calculations of ionization statistics are required. In this chapter, the electrons in the ion are approximated to be bound in a spherically symmetric mean field, and the isolated atom is studied.

The Hartree-Hock (HF) equation, which accurately describes atoms in many-electron systems, can be solved, but it is a daunting task. For this purpose, simple but error-prone approximations have been used, such as the HULLAC and OPAL codes, which use the para-potential method instead of a rigorous description of the HF. It is an intuitive and easy-to-understand approximation.

Once the quantum state of the bound electrons can be calculated, the statistical distribution of ionization can be obtained by solving the Saha equation for thermal equilibrium. The threshold of ionization (continuum lowering) is determined. The calculation of such an ionic structure is presented. Due to the high temperature of the plasma, interaction with thermal radiation and free electrons cause excitation, ionization, and the reverse process. Calculations of these processes will be presented.

Applications of the rate equations will be explained. In the recently introduced X-ray laser (XFEL) heating, free electrons are also non-equilibrium (non-Maxwellian). This chapter begins with a review of hydrogen and helium atoms, and then introduces the topics of atomic physics and processes from the laboratory to the universe.
Theoretical Model of Dense Plasmas
Authors: Takabe Hideaki
Published: March 2024

In the dawn of quantum mechanics, scientists had challenged to formulate the equation of many-electron system, such as atom and solid matter, just after the success of Schrodinger equation to explain a hydrogen atom. It is found, however, that a system of multi-electron requires the self-consistent treatment of exchange interaction stemming from Pauli exclusive principle.

In 1930s, Hartree and Fock has derived the equation with use of Slater determinant. It is called Hartree-Fock (HF) equation. This is the equation for many-electron system and if we can solve it, almost exact solution is obtained. However, it was difficult to solve it analytically and numerically. Scientists proposed a variety of approximate theoretical models to solve such many-electron system.

Slater has proposed screened-hydrogenic model (SHM) in 1930. Thomas and Fermi have proposed a statistical model, now called Thomas-Fermi (TF) model. These two models have been widely used, modified, extended, and applied to many purposes even now. Their physical image is very simple and useful as comprehensive understanding of the physics. The examples of applications to the equation of state (EOS) for shock compression (shock Hugoniot) are explained here. Such models can be used to single atom (ion) or statistically averaged ion, so-called average ion model (AIM).

Even with the atomic data are supplied, the ionization potential depression (IPD) is essential to solve Saha equation of ionization population, especially at high-density plasma. Thanks to a rapid progress of computer capability, even HF equation can be solved numerically in some cases. It is very hard to solve, for example, the band structure of condensed matters. Kohn-Sham proposed density-functional theory (DFT) in 1960s. DFT solves one-electron Schrodinger equation for all electrons in the self-consistent potential. It is proved that the self-consistent potential is formulated as a function of only the density profile.
Critically Describing the Effectiveness of Antibullying Interventions Used at Schools
Authors: Salameh Nahida
Published: March 2024

Bullying at schools has been among the public concerns that prevailed as it causes many negative consequences, including poor academic performance, poor physical and mental health, in addition to suicidal or criminal acts.

Purpose- To critically describe the effectiveness of the antibullying interventions at schools.

Methodology- A descriptive qualitative study that was conducted utilizing a critical review of literature. The study has utilized the available electronic database. References were mainly chosen among the ones published in the last five years; special consideration was given to studies conducted in UAE.

Findings- Several programs were developed and implemented to manage bullying. Interventions entailed constructing strict anti-bullying school policies, and utilized various involvement levels; being whole school, or one group such as parents, teachers or students. Many interventions were rooted in sociocultural theories to enhance resilience and positive behaviour development among students. Antibullying interventions in the UAE were mostly targeting awareness with compromised measurement of effectiveness.

Implications- Identifying the best antibullying interventions may contribute to increasing awareness among stakeholders, and thus facilitate decisions that may inform the policy making pertinent to managing bullying at schools in the UAE.

Originality/ value- Limited number of studies were conducted in the UAE.
The Environmental and Economic Impacts of the Use of Recycled Asphalt During the Preventive Maintenance of Roadways in the UAE
Authors: Al Shehhi Aishah H. O. , Jokhio Gul Ahmed
Published: March 2024

This article studies the environmental and economic benefits expected from using recycled asphalt pavement in roadway maintenance by comparing the life cost analysis of conventional and recycled pavement. When comparing recycled and conventional asphalt, it turns out that the recycled asphalt cost is 28,060,400 Dhs compared to conventional asphalt's cost of 40,207,900 Dhs. Consequently, utilizing recycled asphalts will save around 12,147,500 Dhs, which is about 70% of the expense divided between the two pavements. This is because the duration of each maintenance process is different recycled asphalt requires 9 steps, which is the same as 33 days, compared to 12 steps for conventional asphalt, which requires 85 days. Calculating the waste from Dibba-Masafi Road is 23,104 m with the conventional pavement shows that managing this construction area’s waste is a challenge within its given rising volume of waste. However, by using recycled asphalt 3040 m of waste will be consumed which is a good amount to start a change in the roadway maintenance processes. Moreover, the assets that should be included in the roadway components, the norms and requirements set forth by the relevant authorities, and the minimal construction cost determined by quantity surveying are taken into account which resulted in the findings of this research demonstrating recycled asphalt as a long-term fix.
Addressing the Overheating Crisis and Its Socio-Economic Implications: A Case Study in London’s High-Risk Areas
Authors: Maliha Azra
Published: March 2024

Purpose- The number of excess deaths in England and Wales during the second heatwave period in 2022 was the greatest it has been since 2018. Greater London is particularly at risk for indoor overheating due to the predicted increase in hot summers from 50–60% by 2050, which can have serious negative effects on the socio-economic state of the city. The purpose of this study is to assess and predict the risk of overheating in a residential apartment building in a high-risk London heatwave location.

Methodology-This study uses computer simulation and on-site measurements to create a virtual model for IES VE dynamic thermal modelling and perform overheating assessment simulations in a London apartment complex using the CIBSE TM59 methodology.

Findings- The percentage hours with exceeding temperature surpassed 50% above the standard threshold in the 2020s scenario, which increased two folds for the 2050s and 2080s. Moreover, the bedrooms’ operational temperatures are found to be terribly above the safety standard.

Implications- The findings implicate examining the economic viability and effectiveness of various solutions in the future to prevent residential building overheating in London. Further investigation can be done by conducting in-depth experiments on the susceptibility of various floors to overheating.

Originality/value- The paper offers novel insights into the overheating risk assessment in London, particularly focusing on households in high-risk areas. The study contributes to the conversation on sustainability practices and their socio-economic implications by highlighting the urgent need for retrofitting frameworks to promote sustainable building design and practices.
Chatbots: Can They Satisfy Customers in the Banking Sector?
Authors: Qureshi Omer Aftab , Wilkins Stephen , Iqbal Huda
Published: March 2024

Purpose – The purpose of this research was to investigate and explore the influence of chatbots service quality on customer satisfaction in the banking sector.

Methodology – The sample size for this research was determined to be 25, sufficient to achieve data saturation. This research utilised qualitative inductive research approach, exploratory in nature, implementing non-probability, stratified purposeful sampling technique, based on the age category of commercial bank consumers.

Findings – Overall, a total of eleven themes and sub-themes emerged from the gathered data, resulting in three aggregate dimensions, which were “perceived chatbot service quality”, “customer satisfaction” and “responses and intentions”.

Practical implications – The study could be extended for different target market, creative strategy, other media and more countries. The findings of this research aimed to help banks further understand customer satisfaction, along with their responses and intentions, when it comes to interacting with chatbots.

Originality/value – This research added value to customer experience, which mattered the most, when it comes to them being satisfied with their interaction with chatbot. The output of this research developed a conceptual framework which identified the factors causing customer dissatisfaction once they interacted with chatbots.
The Impact of Bullying in an Inclusive Classroom Among Students of ASD and Peers in Social Development and Academic Performance in UAE
Authors: Abdullah Maryam
Published: March 2024

The physical, social, emotional, intellectual, and mental health of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be affected negatively if a problem occurs in an inclusive classroom setting.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how bullying affects students with ASD. This thorough literature review looks at how bullying affects students with ASD including social development, academic performance, and school participation. Bullied children who grow up to be adults have anxiety and despair that affect their school engagement. Students with ASD are unable to get along with typically abled students due to bullying. The paper highlighted the importance for educators to prevent and treat bullying of students with ASD. However, the study has severe drawbacks such as a lack of empirical research conducted in the UAE. The study recommends releasing further studies in the UAE carrying out more research on other factors that impact bullying of kids with ASD to raise awareness of this issue.
The Transformation of al-Idrīsī’s Nuzhat al-Mushtāq in the Atlases of ʿAlī al-Sharafī of Sfax
Authors: Tiburcio Alberto , de Castro León Víctor
Published: March 2024

This article analyzes the ways in which ‘Alī al-Sharafī of Sfax, an atlas author of the sixteenth century, adapted excerpts from the work of the twelfth-century geographer Muḥammad al-Idrīsī as well as features of medieval European portolan charts. The article pursues a translation studies approach. It argues that, through the adaptation of both textual and graphic elements from Idrīsī’s work and the incorporation of other graphic and cartographic elements, al-Sharafī was in fact engaging in a practice of cultural translation which resulted in a unique and innovative textual and cartographic oeuvre. As such, al-Sharafī should be regarded not simply as a passive copyist of textual and cartographic elements, but indeed as an author who engaged in the creative re-signification of the traditions and practices that informed his work.
Fazit & Ausblick
Authors: Höhl Karolin , Dreyer Jana , Lichtenstein Silke
Published: March 2024

Vor der Transformation des großen Ganzen stehen kleinere oder auch größere Transitionen, die verschiedene Zustände oder Bedingungen der Ernährungssysteme schrittweise in etwas anderes überführen. Das beinhaltet u. a. politische, soziokulturelle, ökonomische, ökologische und technologische Veränderungen, die sich wiederum bspw. in veränderten Werten, Normen, Regeln, Institutionen und Praktiken zeigen (HLPE, 2019).
β symmetry in type II supergravities
Authors: Baron Walter H. , Yazbek Nahuel A.
Published: March 2024

Abstract

A non geometric sector of the duality group emerging in Kaluza-Klein reductions is realized as an effective symmetry in the low energy action of uncompactified type II theories. This is achieved by extending the so called β symmetry of the universal NS-NS sector to the R-R sector of type IIA, IIB and massive type IIA.
Light Cannabis Use and the Adolescent Brain: An 8-years Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health, Cognition, and Reward Processing
Authors: Macedo Inês , Paiva Tiago O. , Pasion Rita , Daedelow Laura , Heinz Andreas , Magalhães Ana , Banaschewski Tobias , Bokde Arun L. W. , Desrivières Sylvane , Flor Herta , Grigis Antoine , Garavan Hugh , Gowland Penny , Brühl Rüdiger , Martinot Jean-Luc , Martinot Marie-Laure Paillère , Artiges Eric , Nees Frauke , Orfanos Dimitri Papadopoulos , Paus Tomáš , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Holz Nathalie , Fröhner Juliane H. , Smolka Michael N. , Vaidya Nilakshi , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Schumann Gunter , Barbosa Fernando ,   IMAGEN Consortium, Barker Gareth J. , Lemaitre Herve , Millenet Sabina , Robinson Lauren , Winterer Jeanne M.
Published: March 2024

Rationale

For decades, cannabis has been the most widely used illicit substance in the world, particularly among youth. Research suggests that mental health problems associated with cannabis use may result from its effect on reward brain circuit, emotional processes, and cognition. However, findings are mostly derived from correlational studies and inconsistent, particularly in adolescents.

Objectives and Methods

Using data from the IMAGEN study, participants (non-users, persistent users, abstinent users) were classified according to their cannabis use at 19 and 22 years-old. All participants were cannabis-naïve at baseline (14 years-old). Psychopathological symptoms, cognitive performance, and brain activity while performing a Monetary Incentive Delay task were used as predictors of substance use and to analyze group differences over time.

Results

Higher scores on conduct problems and lower on peer problems at 14 years-old (n = 318) predicted a greater likelihood of transitioning to cannabis use within 5 years. At 19 years of age, individuals who consistently engaged in low-frequency (i.e., light) cannabis use (n = 57) exhibited greater conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention symptoms compared to non-users (n = 52) but did not differ in emotional symptoms, cognitive functioning, or brain activity during the MID task. At 22 years, those who used cannabis at both 19 and 22 years-old n = 17), but not individuals that had been abstinent for ≥ 1 month (n = 19), reported higher conduct problems than non-users (n = 17).

Conclusions

Impairments in reward-related brain activity and cognitive functioning do not appear to precede or succeed cannabis use (i.e., weekly, or monthly use). Cannabis-naïve adolescents with conduct problems and more socially engaged with their peers may be at a greater risk for lighter yet persistent cannabis use in the future.
Impact of aripiprazole discontinuation in remitted major depressive disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Takeshima Masahiro , Umakoshi Akise , Omori Yuki , Yoshizawa Kazuhisa , Ogasawara Masaya , Kudo Mizuki , Itoh Yu , Ayabe Naoko , Mishima Kazuo
Published: March 2024

Rationale

The efficacy and safety of antidepressant augmentation therapy with aripiprazole (AATA) has been established; however, the ongoing effects of continuing aripiprazole after remission remain unclear because no studies have examined this issue.

Objectives

We aimed to explore the effect of AATA discontinuation on the major depressive disorder (MDD) recurrence risk in patients with remitted MDD after AATA.

Methods

This 24-week, multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial evaluated recurrence risk in patients with MDD who achieved remission with AATA. Differences in MDD recurrence, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, between the two groups were compared using survival analysis. The differences in depressive symptom severity and social functioning between the two groups were compared using a mixed model with repeated measures. Extrapyramidal symptoms and akathisia were also assessed.

Results

Twenty-three participants were randomized and treated. Two patients in each group experienced recurrence during the study. Kaplan–Meier analysis with Log-rank comparison showed no difference in recurrence between groups (p = 0.642). No significant difference in interactions between group and period was observed in the 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale (p = 0.492) or the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (p = 0.638). No patients developed extrapyramidal symptoms or akathisia.

Conclusions

Definitive conclusions could not be drawn owing to the small sample size. This study represents a starting point for investigating the safety of aripiprazole discontinuation on recurrence in patients with MDD who have achieved remission with AATA. Future studies with appropriate sample sizes calculated based on this study are needed.
Bats, Bacteria, and Bat Smell V.2.0: Repeatable Sex-Specific Differences in Scent Organ Microbiota
Authors: Maraci Öncü , Antonatou-Papaioannou Anna , Jünemann Sebastian , Schneeberger Karin , Schulze Michael , Scheffler Ingo , Caspers Barbara A.
Published: March 2024

Reproducibility is a fundamental principle in science, ensuring reliable and valid findings. However, replication studies are scarce, particularly in ecology, due to the emphasis on novelty for publication. We explored the possibility of replicating original findings in the field of microbial and chemical ecology by conducting a conceptual replication of a previous study analysing the sex-specific differences in the microbial communities inhabiting the wing sacs, a scent organ with crucial functions in olfactory communication, of greater sac-winged bat (Saccopteryx bilineata). In the original study, the skin swabs from the antebrachial wing sacs of the males and wing sac rudiments of the females were analysed using culture-dependent methods to test sex-specific differences. The authors demonstrated that males have lower microbial richness and different microbial composition than females. We attempted to reproduce these findings using 16S rRNA sequencing, which offers improved accuracy in pinpointing microbial members than culture-dependent methods because of advanced statistical methods. Our study validated the original study’s findings: Males had a lower microbial richness, and the community composition differed between the sexes. Furthermore, in the current study, males had an increased abundance of bacteria that might potentially be involved in odour production and degradation of malodorous substances and antimicrobial production. Our conceptual replication study corroborated that microbes can play a role in shaping their host’s olfactory phenotype and consequently influence sexual selection. Furthermore, the current study emphasises the importance of replication efforts and hopefully encourages a culture that values replication studies in scientific practice.
A Different Method to Increase Breast Projection—Tunnelized Glandular Flap
Authors: Kopal Can , Uyar Ilker , Aksam Ersin
Published: March 2024

Background

Breast ptosis may occur with increasing age, after pregnancy, after breastfeeding, or after weight loss. Understanding the vascular structure of the breast and nipple-areolar complex has guided the reshaping of the breast and thus paved the way for the emergence of different techniques. This study aimed to evaluate the results of tunneled glandular flaps used to increase projection in patients undergoing breast lift surgery.

Methods

Patients who underwent breast lift and breast reduction between January 2020 and January 2022 were examined through their files and included in the study. Deepithelialization of the superomedial pedicle was performed. A tunnel was created under the pedicle. A medial or lateral based glandular flap was prepared from the inferir. The prepared glandular flap was passed through the tunnel and fixed to the pectoral muscle.

Results

A total of 32 patients were included in the study. The average age of the patients was 44.31. Thirteen patients were smokers. Diabetes mellitus was present in 5 patients. To increase projection, medial glandular flap was used in 20 patients and lateral glandular flap was used in 12 patients. The average amount of tissue excised from the patients was 785.31 g. The average follow-up period was 14 months.

Conclusions

Tunneled glandular flaps prepared on a lateral or medial basis will be useful in increasing the projection in breast lift surgery.

Level of Evidence V

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Mechanical Venous Thrombectomy for Deep Venous Thrombosis in Cancer Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Patel Riya M. , Pal Koustav , Ahmed Syed Hadi , Kuban Joshua D. , Patel Milan , Shah Ketan , Habibollahi Peiman , Metwalli Zeyad , Gurusamy Varshana , Gupta Sanjay , Rojas-Hernandez Cristhiam M. , Afshar-Kharghan Vahid , Kroll Michael H. , Sheth Rahul A.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major contributor to the mortality of cancer patients. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is an endovascular technique that physically removes a thrombus without thrombolytics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety, efficacy, and clinical outcomes following MT for lower extremity DVT in cancer patients.

Methods

This single-center, retrospective study evaluated outcomes following MT of lower extremity DVT in cancer patients from November 2019 to May 2023. The primary outcome measure was clinical success, defined as a decrease in Villalta score by at least 2 points following the intervention. Secondary outcomes included repeat intervention-free survival and overall survival. Technical success was defined as restoring venous flow with mild (< 10%) or no residual filling defect.

Results

In total, 90 patients and 113 procedures were included. Technical and clinical success was achieved in 81% and 87% of procedures performed. Repeat intervention-free survival at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months post-procedure was 92%, 82%, and 77%, respectively. The complication rate was 2.7%. Pathologic analysis of the extracted thrombus revealed tumor thrombus in 18.4% (18/98) samples. Overall survival for the study cohort was 87% at 1 month, 74% at 3 months, and 62% at 6 months. Patients who were found to have tumor thrombi were noted to have a decreased overall survival compared to patients with non-tumor thrombi (P = 0.012).

Conclusion

MT is safe and efficacious in reducing cancer patients’ VTE-related symptoms. The high rate of tumor thrombus in thrombectomy specimens suggests this phenomenon is more common than suspected.

Graphical Abstract
The influence of hospital volume and physician volume on early mortality in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients
Authors: Wu Chia-Ying , Yeh Chiu-Mei , Tsai Chun-Kuang , Liu Chia-Jen
Published: March 2024

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a highly curable hematologic malignancy in the era of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combination treatment. However, only a modest change in early mortality rate has been observed despite the wide availability of ATRA. In addition to the clinical characteristics of APL patients, studies on the hospital volume-outcome relationship and the physician volume-outcome relationship remained limited. We aim to evaluate the association between hospital and physician volume and the early mortality rate among APL patients. The patients were collected from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Early mortality is defined as death within 30 days of diagnosis. Patients were categorized into four groups according to individual cumulative hospital and physician volume. The risk of all-cause mortality in APL patients with different cumulative volume groups was compared using a Cox proportional hazard model. The probability of overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. All 741 patients were divided into four quartile volume groups. In the multivariate analysis, only physician volume was significantly associated with early mortality rate. The physician volume of the highest quartile was a protective factor for early mortality compared with the physician volume of the lowest quartile (HR 0.10, 95% CI 0.02–0.65). Hospital characteristics were not associated with early mortality. In the sensitivity analyses, the results remained consistent using two other different definitions of early mortality. Higher physician volume was independently associated with lower early mortality, while hospital volume was not. Enhancing the clinical expertise of low-volume physicians may ensure better outcomes.
Palliative care for patients with hematologic malignancies in Germany: a nationwide survey on everyday practice and influencing factors from the perspective of treating physicians
Authors: Gebel Cordula , Kruschel Isabel , Bodinger Steffi , Simon Steffen T. , Eichenauer Dennis A. , Pralong Anne , Wedding Ulrich
Published: March 2024

Integrating palliative care into the treatment of patients with advanced hematological malignancies (HM) remains challenging. To explore treating physicians’ perspectives on current palliative care practice and to evaluate factors influencing integration, we conducted a nationwide online survey. Based on literature and expert review, the survey addressed the importance of palliative care, communication about life-threatening conditions, challenges in establishing goals of care, and factors influencing the integration of palliative care. 207 physicians treating patients with HM in Germany participated. We used standard descriptive statistics to analyze quantitative data and a content structuring approach. Most physicians considered palliative care in HM to be very important (60.6%) and discussed life-threatening conditions with more than half of their patients (52%), especially when goals of care were changed (87.0%) or when patients raised the topic (84.0%). Disease-related factors, different professional perspectives on prognosis, and patient hopes were the main barriers to changing goals of care, but collaboration with colleagues and multidisciplinary teams provided important support. Time constraints were identified as the main barrier to integrating palliative care. The majority worked well with palliative care teams. Referral processes and conditions were perceived as minor barriers. The study highlights the need to address barriers to integrating palliative care into the management of patients with advanced HM. Future research should aim at optimizing palliative care for patients with HM.
Molecular dynamics simulation and performance verification of γ-polyglutamic acid/cold water-soluble starch film formation and permeability
Authors: Yu Zuolong , Chen Yao , Chen Yongfei , Wei Yunxiao , Fu Changchun , Liu Dan , Niranjan Keshavan , Han Chao
Published: March 2024

Six types of γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA)/cold water-soluble starch (St) composite film models were constructed using molecular dynamics simulation, and their properties were investigated and compared with the corresponding experimental values. The compatibility between the composite film components was analyzed using the radial distribution function and mean square displacement (MSD). The hydrogen-bond number and bond energy were used to track the film-formation process. The mechanical property data of the films were extracted, and MSD was used to analyze the permeability of the film to carbon dioxide, oxygen, water vapor, and carbon-16 saturated fatty acids. Finally, the simulated values of mechanical properties and permeability were compared with the experimental values. The results demonstrated that γ-PGA is well compatible with St. The intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds of γ-PGA and St did not change considerably during the film-formation process. The simulated values of the mechanical properties exhibited a similar trend as the experimental values; however, in terms of permeability, a difference was observed between the initial values of the simulated design and actual material parameters, as well as the complexity of the experiment.
Minimum contrast for the first-order intensity estimation of spatial and spatio-temporal point processes
Authors: D’Angelo Nicoletta , Adelfio Giada
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we harness a result in point process theory, specifically the expectation of the weighted K-function, where the weighting is done by the true first-order intensity function. This theoretical result can be employed as an estimation method to derive parameter estimates for a particular model assumed for the data. The underlying motivation is to avoid the difficulties associated with dealing with complex likelihoods in point process models and their maximization. The exploited result makes our method theoretically applicable to any model specification. In this paper, we restrict our study to Poisson models, whose likelihood represents the base for many more complex point process models. In this context, our proposed method can estimate the vector of local parameters that correspond to the points within the analyzed point pattern without introducing any additional complexity compared to the global estimation. We illustrate the method through simulation studies for both purely spatial and spatio-temporal point processes and show complex scenarios based on the Poisson model through the analysis of two real datasets concerning environmental problems.
On Non-degenerate Berge–Turán Problems
Authors: Gerbner Dániel
Published: March 2024

Given a hypergraph $${{\mathcal {H}}}$$
H
and a graph G, we say that $${{\mathcal {H}}}$$
H
is a Berge-G if there is a bijection between the hyperedges of $${{\mathcal {H}}}$$
H
and the edges of G such that each hyperedge contains its image. We denote by $$\textrm{ex}_k(n,Berge- F)$$

ex
k

(
n
,
B
e
r
g
e
-
F
)

the largest number of hyperedges in a k-uniform Berge-F-free graph. Let $$\textrm{ex}(n,H,F)$$

ex
(
n
,
H
,
F
)

denote the largest number of copies of H in n-vertex F-free graphs. It is known that $$\textrm{ex}(n,K_k,F)\le \textrm{ex}_k(n,Berge- F)\le \textrm{ex}(n,K_k,F)+\textrm{ex}(n,F)$$

ex

(
n
,

K
k

,
F
)

≤

ex
k

(
n
,
B
e
r
g
e
-
F
)

≤
ex

(
n
,

K
k

,
F
)

+
ex

(
n
,
F
)

, thus if $$\chi (F)>r$$

χ
(
F
)
>
r

, then $$\textrm{ex}_k(n,Berge- F)=(1+o(1)) \textrm{ex}(n,K_k,F)$$

ex
k

(
n
,
B
e
r
g
e
-
F
)

=

(
1
+
o

(
1
)

)

ex

(
n
,

K
k

,
F
)

. We conjecture that $$\textrm{ex}_k(n,Berge- F)=\textrm{ex}(n,K_k,F)$$

ex
k

(
n
,
B
e
r
g
e
-
F
)

=
ex

(
n
,

K
k

,
F
)

in this case. We prove this conjecture in several instances, including the cases $$k=3$$

k
=
3

and $$k=4$$

k
=
4

. We prove the general bound $$\textrm{ex}_k(n,Berge- F)= \textrm{ex}(n,K_k,F)+O(1)$$

ex
k

(
n
,
B
e
r
g
e
-
F
)

=
ex

(
n
,

K
k

,
F
)

+
O

(
1
)

.
Impact of Arctic sea ice on the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation
Authors: Xie Zihuang , Ha Yao , Zhu Yimin , Hu Yijia , Zhong Zhong
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the relationship between sea ice concentration (SIC) in the Arctic Ocean and the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation (BSISO) from 1991 to 2020 and its underlying mechanism. A significantly positive (negative) correlation was found between the frequency of phase 7 (3) of BSISO1 (30–60 d) and the preceding winter SIC, which is located the north of the East Siberian-Beaufort Sea (ESBS). Compared with low-SIC years, the conditions including northeasterly vertical wind shear, an enhanced ascending branch of the anomalous Walker circulation, an eastward water vapour transport channel, and an increased humidity gradient induce active convection over the Philippine Sea in high-SIC years, which benefits (hinders) to phase 7 (3) of BSISO1. The positive SIC anomaly during the transition from winter to spring influences local temperature and pressure through anomalous local sensible heat flux. This anomaly induces wave activity flux from the ESBS, which converges over the Bering Sea, enhancing the Aleutian Low (AL). Subsequently, the AL triggers an anomalous subtropical anticyclone through wave-mean flow interaction in the North Pacific. Due to southerly wind stress and increased sea surface heat flux, positive sea surface temperature anomalies near Japan persist in the summer, heating the lower troposphere and increasing baroclinicity. Significant positive geopotential heights and anticyclone anomalies occur over Japan, accompanied by a negative vorticity anomaly. The enhanced ascending motion over the Philippine Sea, facilitated by Ekman pumping, favours convection and influences the frequency of phases 7 and 3.
Prospective development study of the Versius Surgical System for use in transoral robotic surgery: an IDEAL stage 1/2a first in human and initial case series experience
Authors: Faulkner Jack , Arora Asit , McCulloch Peter , Robertson Stephen , Rovira Aleix , Ourselin Sebastien , Jeannon Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Transoral robotic surgery is well established in the treatment paradigm of oropharyngeal pathology. The Versius Surgical System (CMR Surgical) is a robotic platform in clinical use in multiple specialities but is currently untested in the head and neck. This study utilises the IDEAL framework of surgical innovation to prospectively evaluate and report a first in human clinical experience and single centre case series of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) with Versius.

Methods

Following IDEAL framework stages 1 and 2a, the study evaluated Versius to perform first in human TORS before transitioning from benign to malignant cases. Iterative adjustments were made to system setup, instrumentation, and technique, recorded in accordance with IDEAL recommendations. Evaluation criteria included successful procedure completion, setup time, operative time, complications, and subjective impressions. Further evaluation of the system to perform four-arm surgery was conducted.

Results

30 TORS procedures were successfully completed (15 benign, 15 malignant) without intraoperative complication or conversion to open surgery. Setup time significantly decreased over the study period. Instrumentation challenges were identified, urging the need for TORS-specific instruments. The study introduced four-arm surgery, showcasing Versius’ unique capabilities, although limitations in distal access were observed.

Conclusions

TORS is feasible with the Versius Surgical System. The development of TORS-specific instruments would benefit performance and wider adoption of the system. 4-arm surgery is possible however further evaluation is required. Multicentre evaluation (IDEAL stage 2b) is recommended.
Long-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of apomorphine sublingual film in patients with Parkinson’s disease complicated by OFF episodes: a phase 3, open-label study
Authors: Kassubek Jan , Factor Stewart A. , Balaguer Ernest , Schwarz Johannes , Chaudhuri K. Ray , Isaacson Stuart H. , Wu Stacy , Denecke Muhr Carmen , Kulisevsky Jaime
Published: March 2024

Background

Apomorphine sublingual film (SL-APO) is an on-demand treatment for OFF episodes in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Objective

To assess the long-term (≥ 3 years) safety/tolerability and efficacy of SL-APO.

Methods

Study CTH-301 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02542696; registered 2015-09-03) was a phase 3, multicentre, open-label study of SL-APO in PD patients with motor fluctuations, comprised of a dose-titration and long-term safety phase. All participants received SL-APO. The primary endpoint was safety/tolerability (treatment-emergent adverse events [TEAEs]) during the long-term safety phase. Efficacy assessments included the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part III (motor examination), assessed at weeks 24, 36 and 48 during the first year of the long-term safety phase.

Results

496 patients were included and 120 (24.2%) completed the long-term safety phase. Mean duration of SL-APO exposure was 294.3 days. TEAEs related to study drug were experienced by 65.3% of patients (most common: nausea [6.0%], stomatitis [1.8%], lip swelling [1.8%], dizziness [1.6%], oral mucosal erythema [1.6%], mouth ulceration [1.6%]). TEAEs leading to study drug withdrawal were experienced by 34.0% of patients (most common: nausea [5.4%], lip swelling [4.5%], mouth ulceration [2.6%], stomatitis [2.3%]). A clinically meaningful reduction in MDS-UPDRS part III score was observed as soon as 15 min following administration of SL-APO, with peak effects observed approximately 30 min post-dose and sustained up to 90 min post-dose; results were consistent over 48 weeks.

Conclusions

SL-APO was generally well tolerated and efficacious over the long term as an on-demand treatment for OFF episodes in patients with PD.