bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outlier Handling Strategy of Ensembled-Based Sequential Convolutional Neural Networks for Sleep Stage Classification
Authors: Zhou Wei , Zhu Hangyu , Chen Wei , Chen Chen , Xu Jun
Published: December 2024

The pivotal role of sleep has led to extensive research endeavors aimed at automatic sleep stage classification. However, existing methods perform poorly when classifying small groups or individuals, and these results are often considered outliers in terms of overall performance. These outliers may introduce bias during model training, adversely affecting feature selection and diminishing model performance. To address the above issues, this paper proposes an ensemble-based sequential convolutional neural network (E-SCNN) that incorporates a clustering module and neural networks. E-SCNN effectively ensembles machine learning and deep learning techniques to minimize outliers, thereby enhancing model robustness at the individual level. Specifically, the clustering module categorizes individuals based on similarities in feature distribution and assigns personalized weights accordingly. Subsequently, by combining these tailored weights with the robust feature extraction capabilities of convolutional neural networks, the model generates more accurate sleep stage classifications. The proposed model was verified on two public datasets, and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method obtains overall accuracies of 84.8% on the Sleep-EDF Expanded dataset and 85.5% on the MASS dataset. E-SCNN can alleviate the outlier problem, which is important for improving sleep quality monitoring for individuals.
NeCA: 3D Coronary Artery Tree Reconstruction from Two 2D Projections via Neural Implicit Representation
Authors: Wang Yiying , Banerjee Abhirup , Grau Vicente
Published: December 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common health threats worldwide. 2D X-ray invasive coronary angiography (ICA) remains the most widely adopted imaging modality for CVD assessment during real-time cardiac interventions. However, it is often difficult for the cardiologists to interpret the 3D geometry of coronary vessels based on 2D planes. Moreover, due to the radiation limit, often only two angiographic projections are acquired, providing limited information of the vessel geometry and necessitating 3D coronary tree reconstruction based only on two ICA projections. In this paper, we propose a self-supervised deep learning method called NeCA, which is based on neural implicit representation using the multiresolution hash encoder and differentiable cone-beam forward projector layer, in order to achieve 3D coronary artery tree reconstruction from two 2D projections. We validate our method using six different metrics on a dataset generated from coronary computed tomography angiography of right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery. The evaluation results demonstrate that our NeCA method, without requiring 3D ground truth for supervision or large datasets for training, achieves promising performance in both vessel topology and branch-connectivity preservation compared to the supervised deep learning model.
Interactomic Analyses and a Reverse Engineering Study Identify Specific Functional Activities of One-to-One Interactions of the S1 Subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with the Human Proteome
Authors: Colonna Giovanni
Published: December 2024

The S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 Spike is crucial for ACE2 recognition and viral entry into human cells. It has been found in the blood of COVID-19 patients and vaccinated individuals. Using BioGRID, I identified 146 significant human proteins that interact with S1. I then created an interactome model that made it easier to study functional activities. Through a reverse engineering approach, 27 specific one-to-one interactions of S1 with the human proteome were selected. S1 interacts in this manner independently from the biological context in which it operates, be it infection or vaccination. Instead, when it works together with viral proteins, they carry out multiple attacks on single human proteins, showing a different functional engagement. The functional implications and tropism of the virus for human organs/tissues were studied using Cytoscape. The nervous system, liver, blood, and lungs are among the most affected. As a single protein, S1 operates in a complex metabolic landscape which includes 2557 Biological Processes (GO), much more than the 1430 terms controlled when operating in a group. A Data Merging approach shows that the total proteins involved by S1 in the cell are over 60,000 with an average involvement per single biological process of 26.19. However, many human proteins become entangled in over 100 different biological activities each. Clustering analysis showed significant activations of many molecular mechanisms, like those related to hepatitis B infections. This suggests a potential involvement in carcinogenesis, based on a viral strategy that uses the ubiquitin system to impair the tumor suppressor and antiviral functions of TP53, as well as the role of RPS27A in protein turnover and cellular stress responses.
Role of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and Its Ligands in Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Cross Kaylen , Vetter Stefan W. , Alam Yousuf , Hasan Md. Zahidul , Nath Anupom Deb , Leclerc Estelle
Published: December 2024

Since its discovery in 1992, the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has emerged as a key receptor in many pathological conditions, especially in inflammatory conditions. RAGE is expressed by most, if not all, immune cells and can be activated by many ligands. One characteristic of RAGE is that its ligands are structurally very diverse and belong to different classes of molecules, making RAGE a promiscuous receptor. Many of RAGE ligands are damaged associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are released by cells under inflammatory conditions. Although RAGE has been at the center of a lot of research in the past three decades, a clear understanding of the mechanisms of RAGE activation by its ligands is still missing. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of RAGE and its ligands in inflammation.
Do Elite Female Judokas Show Asymmetry in the Internal and External Rotators of the Shoulder? A One-Dimensional and Principal Component Approach
Authors: Aedo-Muñoz Esteban , Merino Muñoz Pablo , Leite Luciano Bernardes , Forte Pedro , Miarka Bianca , Gonzalez Valenzuela Matias , Hernandez-Wimmer Cristian , Arriagada-Tarifeño David , Brito Ciro José
Published: December 2024

Background/Aims: Asymmetry of the internal (IR) and external (ER) shoulder rotators can increase the risk of injuries in judokas. Discrete analyses are usually performed in time series data, but they can have biases by removing trends, so other approaches have been proposed to avoid these biases such as statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and principal component analysis (PCA). This study analyzed the asymmetry in the shoulder rotators in female judokas, comparing dominant (D) vs. non-dominant (ND) upper limbs. Methods: For this, 11 elite athletes (age: 20.1 ± 2.9 yrs.; experience: 4.0 ± 0.5 yrs.; body mass: 66.0 ± 14.6 kg; height: 1.6 ± 0.1 m; BMI: 24.8 ± 4.3 kg/m2), were evaluated in an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex® Humac/Norm Dynamometer CSMI, 502140, Stoughton, MA, USA). All participants performed the concentric (CON/CON) isokinetic evaluations of internal and external rotation of the shoulder in 60°/s and 180°/s angular velocities. Results: There was no significative asymmetry between IR vs. ER at 60°/s; similar results were observed at 180°/s when analyzed by PCA or SPM methods (p > 0.05 for all comparison). There was no difference between peak torque at 60°/s or 180°/s (p > 0.05 for all comparison). Conclusions: no asymmetry was observed in IR and ER in elite female athletes, regardless of the analysis method.
Do Worn-In Tactical Boots Affect Lower-Extremity Biomechanics During Walking and Running?
Authors: Thorsen Tanner A. , Donahue Paul T. , Peel Shelby A. , Legg Lindsey G. , Piland Scott G.
Published: December 2024

Background: Much of the research conducted on tactical-style boots has evaluated the biomechanical effect of boots in brand-new condition; however, the extent to which changes due to wear influence lower-extremity biomechanics remains uninvestigated. The purpose of this study was to compare lower-extremity biomechanics with worn-in boots and running shoes during both walking and running. Methods: Lower-extremity biomechanical parameters were evaluated during walking and running in 12 individuals with previous tactical experience. Participants were asked to complete one 5 min bout of walking and running at a self-selected pace in both self-selected athletic shoes and their own worn-in standard-issue tactical boots while lower-extremity spatiotemporal, joint kinematic, kinetic, and ground reaction force data were collected. Differences between conditions were evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Spatiotemporal measures of gait, as well as ankle and hip kinematics, were different between shoes and boots during walking. During running, no spatiotemporal differences existed. However, significant differences were found for the ankle, knee, and hip kinematics between shoe and boot conditions during both walking and running. Conclusions: The worn-in boots in our sample performed similarly to running shoes during both walking and running tasks. Though there were several biomechanical differences between boots and shoes during both tasks, small mean differences suggest that these differences may not be large enough to create substantive or relevant changes in performance. This information could aid in developing future tactical boot design strategies to help aid in lower-extremity injury as well as allowing for optimal performance when wearing boots.
Trans-Coronary Sinus Intra-Septal Radiofrequency Ablation (TIRA) for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: First-in-Human Results
Authors: Oh Ji-Soo , Seo Jae-Young , Lee Cheol-Min , Jung Su-Jin , Kim June-Hong , Chon Min-Ku
Published: December 2024

Background: Current treatments for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), including medication, surgery, and alcohol septal ablation (ASA), have limitations in terms of efficacy and safety. To address these challenges, we developed the trans-coronary intra-septal radiofrequency ablation (TIRA) device. Methods: This first-in-human trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of the TIRA device. Moreover, evaluations were conducted before the procedure and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-procedure using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiography, and the 6 min walk distance (6MWD) test. Results: Four patients were enrolled, and follow-up imaging at 3, 6, and 12 months showed a reduction in the interventricular septal (IVS) thickness (baseline mean: 22.6 mm; 12-month mean: 18.9 mm) and a decrease in the LVOT pressure gradient at 12 months (resting baseline mean: 84.64 mmHg; resting 12-month mean: 43.56 mmHg; Valsalva baseline mean: 129.96 mmHg; Valsalva 12-month mean: 108.16 mmHg). However, reductions in the IVS thickness on echocardiography and improvements in 6MWD were observed in only two patients. Conclusions: No significant adverse events, such as arrhythmias or vascular injuries, were reported. These findings suggest that the TIRA device may be a safe and effective option for treating HOCM. However, further studies are required to confirm these results.
Monosodium Glutamate Treatment Elevates the Immunoreactivity of GFAP and S100β in Caudate Nucleus of the Striatum in Rats
Authors: Rycerz Karol , Krawczyk Aleksandra , Jaworska-Adamu Jadwiga , Arciszewski Marcin B.
Published: December 2024

Background Monosodium glutamate (MSG) in its anionic form, glutamate, is one of the main excitatory amino acids. Excess of this neurotransmitter may lead to excitotoxicity affecting neurons and astrocytes responsible for glutamate metabolism in different brain areas of animals. The aim of the study was to investigate the immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100β protein in the caudate nucleus of rats under the condition of elevated glutamate levels. Methods: Fifteen rats were divided into a control group receiving saline and MSG2 and MSG4 groups receiving 2 g/kg b.w. MSG and 4 g/kg b.w. MSG, respectively, for 3 days. An immunohistochemical reaction was conducted on frontal sections containing the caudate nucleus with use of antibodies against GFAP and S100β. Results: Analyses indicated elevated density of astrocytes immunoreactive for the studied proteins in the caudate nucleus in animals receiving MSG. The studied glial cells also demonstrated increased immunostaining intensity for both GFAP and S100β immunoreactive cells especially in the MSG4 group. The number of GFAP-positive processes in astrocytes was similar in all studied groups. Conclusions: The studies demonstrate a potential response of astrocytes to the effect of MSG administration in the caudate nucleus. It was shown that GFAP- and S100β-positive astrocytes in the caudate nucleus may act differently, suggesting distinct roles of these proteins against glutamate excitotoxicity.
Alarmins in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Immunological Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors: Rizzi Angela , Li Pomi Federica , Inchingolo Riccardo , Viola Marinella , Borgia Francesco , Gangemi Sebastiano
Published: December 2024

Background: In the world, approximately 1% of the population suffers from chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), burdening patients’ quality of life and challenging clinicians in terms of treatment. Recent scientific evidence has unveiled the potential role of a family of molecules known as “alarmins” in the pathogenesis of CSU. Methods: Papers focusing on the potential pathogenetic role of alarmins in CSU with diagnostic (as biomarkers) and therapeutic implications, in English and published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, as well as clinical studies registered in ClinicalTrials.gov and the EudraCT Public website, were reviewed. Results: The epithelial-derived alarmins thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IL-33 could be suitable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets in CSU. The evidence on the role of non-epithelial-derived alarmins (heat shock proteins, S-100 proteins, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, β-defensins, and acid uric to high-density lipoproteins ratio) is more heterogeneous and complex. Conclusions: More homogeneous studies on large cohorts, preferably supported by data from international registries, will be able to elucidate the intriguing and complex pathogenetic world of CSU.
Anti-Biofilm Performance of Resin Nanopillars Inspired from Cicada Wing Surface for Staphylococcus spp.
Authors: Matsumoto Satoka , Tatsuoka Hiroaki , Yoshii Miki , Nagao Toshihiro , Shimizu Tomohiro , Shingubara Shoso , Tanaka Shigemitsu , Ito Takeshi
Published: December 2024

The increase in infections derived from biofilms from Staphylococcal spp. prompted us to develop novel strategies to inhibit biofilm development. Nanoscale protrusion structures (nanopillars) observed on the wings of dragonflies and cicadas have recently gained notable attention owing to their physical, antimicrobial, and bactericidal properties. Thus, they are not only expected to reduce the damage caused by chemical antimicrobial agents to human health and the environment, but also to serve as a potential countermeasure against the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB). In this study, we evaluated the anti-biofilm effects of cyclo-olefin polymer (COP) nanopillars by changing the wettability of surfaces ranging in height from 100 to 500 nm against Staphylococcus spp., such as Staphylococcus aureus NBRC 100910 (MSSA), Staphylococcus aureus JCM 8702 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984. The results clearly show that the fabricated nanopillar structures exhibited particularly strong biofilm inhibition against MRSA, with inhibition rates ranging from 51.2% to 62.5%. For MSSA, anti-biofilm effects were observed only at nanopillar heights of 100–300 nm, with relatively low hydrophobicity, with inhibition rates ranging from 23.9% to 40.8%. Conversely, no significant anti-biofilm effect was observed for S. epidermidis in any of the nanopillar structures. These findings suggest that the anti-biofilm properties of nanopillars vary among bacteria of the same species. In other words, by adjusting the height of the nanopillars, selective anti-biofilm effects against specific bacterial strains can be achieved.
Optimization of the Dynamic External Shading Control for Railway Stations in China Based on Energy Use Intensity (EUI) of Lighting and HVAC Systems
Authors: Zhang Haijun , Jiang Pengcheng
Published: December 2024

Railway stations are normally designed with glazing façades and skylights to achieve aesthetic requirements and facilitate visual permeability, but this design can lead to significant energy consumption. The implementation of dynamic external shading systems together with appropriate control strategies can significantly reduce the energy consumption of HVAC systems. This study numerically investigated the lighting and cooling energy consumption of railway stations equipped with external shading systems under various climatic zones, window-to-wall ratios (WWRs), skylight-to-roof ratios (SRRs) and roller-shade performance. The study shows that lighting energy consumption varies most significantly when the shading activation threshold is set between 50 and 200 W/m2. The dynamic shading thresholds are influenced by natural lighting and solar heat gain, with the strategy changing from using natural light to reducing solar gain as the SRR increases. This study also provides the optimal activation thresholds and energy-saving rates for railway station buildings in different climatic zones using external roller shades for different external window scenarios. In Guangzhou, using roller shade A in a railway station under the maximum external window scenario achieves energy savings of 36.41%, while in Shanghai and Beijing, the energy savings are 18.12% and 23.13%, respectively. These results provide guidance for the use of dynamic external shading in railway stations in China and for the achievement of energy-reduction targets in the transport and building industries.
Adsorption on Carbon-Based Materials
Authors: Belver Carolina , Bedia Jorge
Published: December 2024

Polluted streams, both in their gas and liquid phases, constitute a potential menace to the environment and to living organisms [...]
Where Reality and Fantasy Collide—Prolonged Fever to Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy
Authors: Vlad Raluca Maria , Dobritoiu Ruxandra , Turenschi Alina , Pacurar Daniela
Published: December 2024

Background: Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) or factitious disorder imposed on another (FDIA) is a bizarre psychiatric entity, consisting of the fabrication of symptoms and alteration of laboratory tests by a caregiver. It is considered a serious form of child abuse. Alarm signs are frequent medical visits and strange symptoms that are never objectified during hospitalization. Methods: This case sets a bright light on how difficult the diagnosis and management of FDIA is and the severe consequences this disease has on a defenseless child. Results (Case report): A boy who is 3 years 8 months old first presented to our department in October 2022 for prolonged fever. We ruled out infections, malignancies, and autoimmune diseases. The patient kept coming back once every fortnight for the same reason—fever, every time associating it with something in particular and new—from painful joints to hemorrhagic complaints. Interestingly, with every new visit, the patient’s medical history became more complex. The mother also developed an attachment relationship with the medical staff. During a 4-month period of repeated admissions, the child’s symptoms were never objectified throughout hospitalization, and never consistent with the declared symptoms and test results. When the physician’s attitude changed from empathic to distant, she never came back for check-ups. Conclusions: A pediatrician’s work largely depends on good communication with the parents. When there is no medical explanation for declared symptoms, one might question the merit of the story.
Low and High Birth Weight in a Hospital Population in Qassim, Saudi Arabia: An Analysis of Clinical Cutoff Values
Authors: Al Eed Ashwaq , Alsalamah Abdullrahman , Al-Nafeesah Abdullah , Al-Wutayd Osama , Alzain Rola Yousef , Adam Ishag
Published: December 2024

Background: Establishing cutoff values for low birth weight (LBW) and high birth weight (HBW) is crucial for clinical practice. This study aimed to determine these values in Saudi Arabia. Method: A retrospective study in 2022 analyzed the birth weights of 1605 neonates. The 10th and 90th percentiles were calculated to define LBW and HBW. Results: LBW was defined as <2450 g (10th percentile), with an incidence of 10.5%. HBW was >3650 g (90th percentile), with a prevalence of 10.3%. Comparing the WHO’s LBW definition (<2500 g) revealed significant differences but high agreement (kappa = 0.962). HBW had a prevalence of 2.4% using a 4000 g cutoff, with low agreement (Kappa = 0.357). Conclusions: This study suggests an LBW cutoff at 2450 g and an HBW cutoff at 3650 g in Saudi Arabia. A birth weight range of 2450–3650 g is considered normal, reducing unnecessary healthcare interventions.
Comparative Trend Analysis of Precipitation Indices in Several Towns of the Sirba River Catchment (Burkina Faso) from CHIRPS and TAMSAT Rainfall Estimates
Authors: Cannella Giorgio , Pezzoli Alessandro , Tiepolo Maurizio
Published: December 2024

The increasingly frequent pluvial flood of West African urban settlements indicates the need to investigate the drivers of local rainfall changes. However, meteorological stations are few, unevenly distributed, and work irregularly. Daily satellite rainfall datasets can be used. Nevertheless, these products often need to be more accurate due to sensor errors and limitations in retrieval algorithms. The problem is, therefore, how to characterize rainfall where there is a need for ground-based rainfall records or incomplete series. This study aims to characterize urban rainfall using two satellite datasets. The analysis was carried out in the Sirba river catchment, Burkina Faso, using the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) and the Tropical Applications of Meteorology using SATellite and ground-based data (TAMSAT) datasets. Ten indices from the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) of precipitation were calculated, and their statistical trends were evaluated from 1983 to 2023. The study introduces two key innovations: a comparative analysis of precipitation trends using two satellite datasets and applying this analysis to towns within a previously understudied 39,138 km2 catchment area that is frequently flooded. Both datasets agree on the increase of (i) annual cumulative rainfall over all towns, (ii) five-day maximum rainfall over the town of Manni, (iii) rainfall due to very wet days in Gayéri, (iv) days of heavy rainfall in Bogandé, Manni and Yalgho, and (v) days of very heavy rainfall in Yalgho. These findings suggest the need for targeted pluvial flood prevention measures in towns with increasing trends in heavy rainfall.
Application of Plant-Based Molecules and Materials in Cosmetics
Authors: Mosae Selvakumar Paulraj Mosae
Published: December 2024

With the growing demand for products that are gentle on the skin and manufactured by eco-friendly means, the field of cosmetics is witnessing a remarkable shift toward natural ingredients [...]
The Modeling and Simulation of Non-Isolated DC–DC Converters for Optimizing Photovoltaic Systems Applied in Positive Energy Districts
Authors: Hashemi Tohid , Jafari Kaleybar Hamed
Published: December 2024

DC–DC converters are critical for energy management in positive energy districts (PEDs) because they allow for efficient conversion between different voltage levels, enabling the integration of various renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and loads. The demand for high-voltage gain DC–DC converters in photovoltaic power systems has surged in recent times. Despite the numerous converter topologies reported, there is a focused effort to streamline components, particularly switching devices, passive elements, and overall converter losses. This paper introduces the single switching impedance network (SSIN)-based converter as a unique DC–DC converter topology, designed in both one-stage and double-stage configurations for photovoltaic applications. One of the main characteristics of the SSIN converter is that it needs just one switch and three capacitors for the n-stage. A comparative analysis with conventional boost converter topology demonstrates the SSIN-based converter’s capability to achieve a desirable output voltage that closely approximates an ideal sine waveform. Furthermore, the application of advanced control strategies to the proposed converter highlights its superior performance and robustness in maintaining output voltage stability under varying conditions. These characteristics make the SSIN-based converter particularly well-suited for PED applications, where efficiency, reliability, and the seamless integration of renewable energy sources are crucial.
ECMO in the Management of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema with Increased Inflammatory Reaction After Cardiac Surgery: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Staicu Raluca Elisabeta , Lascu Ana , Deutsch Petru , Feier Horea Bogdan , Mornos Aniko , Oprisan Gabriel , Bijan Flavia , Rosca Elena Cecilia
Published: December 2024

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema after cardiac surgery is a rare but severe complication. The etiology remains poorly understood; however, the issue may arise from multiple sources. Possible causes include a significant inflammatory response or an autoimmune process. Pulmonary edema resulting from noncardiac etiologies can necessitate extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) because most of the cases present a substantial volume of fluid expelled from the lungs and the medical team must manage the inability to achieve effective ventilation. A 64-year-old patient with known heart disease was admitted to our clinic with acute pulmonary edema. His medical history included Barlow’s disease, severe mitral regurgitation (IIP2), moderate–severe tricuspid regurgitation, and moderate pulmonary hypertension. The patient had a coronary angiography performed in a prior hospitalization before the surgical intervention which indicated the absence of coronary lesions. Preoperative screening (nasal, pharyngeal exudate, inguinal pouch culture, and urine culture) was negative, with no active dental infections. The patient was stabilized, and 14 days post-admission, mitral and tricuspid valve repair was performed via a thoracoscopic approach. After being admitted to intensive care post-surgery, the patient quickly developed pulmonary edema, producing a large volume (4.5 L) of yellow secretions through the intubation tube followed by hemodynamic instability necessitating high doses of medications to support circulation but no cardiorespiratory arrest. Due to his worsening condition, the patient was urgently taken back to the operating room, where veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) was initiated to support oxygenation and stabilize the patient.
Dasatinib and Quercetin as Senolytic Drugs Improve Fat Deposition and Exhibit Antifibrotic Effects in the Medaka Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Model
Authors: Yakubo Shunta , Abe Hiroyuki , Li Yawen , Kudo Marina , Kimura Atsushi , Wakabayashi Takuya , Watanabe Yusuke , Kimura Naruhiro , Setsu Toru , Yokoo Takeshi , Sakamaki Akira , Kamimura Hiroteru , Tsuchiya Atsunori , Kamimura Kenya , Terai Shuji
Published: December 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) causes cellular senescence due to oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ectopic fat deposition in the liver. Recently, dasatinib, an antitumor agent, and quercetin, a dietary supplement, were combined as a senolytic drug to eliminate senescent cells. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effects of dasatinib and quercetin administration on removing senescent cells and their therapeutic effects on MASLD in a medaka MASLD model. Dasatinib and quercetin were administered to a medaka MASLD model, which was fed a high-fat diet by dissolving them in aquarium water. The results revealed that senescent cells in the liver were increased in the HFD group but improved in the treatment group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining also showed that treatment improved fat deposition in hepatocytes. In addition, TGFβ1, a driver factor of fibrosis, was reduced in the treatment group. Dasatinib and quercetin eliminated senescent cells in MASLD, attenuated fat deposition, and suppressed fibrosis gene expression. The results indicate that dasatinib and quercetin as senolytic drugs are novel therapeutic agents that reduce MASLD.
Autonomous Yield Estimation System for Small Commercial Orchards Using UAV and AI
Authors: Kodors Sergejs , Zarembo Imants , Lācis Gunārs , Litavniece Lienīte , Apeināns Ilmārs , Sondors Marks , Pacejs Antons
Published: December 2024

In the context of precision horticulture, decision support tools play a significant role in providing fruit growers with insights into orchard conditions, facilitating informed decisions regarding orchard management practices. This study presents the development of an autonomous yield estimation system designed to provide decision support to small commercial orchards. Autonomous yield estimation is based on the application of UAVs and AI. AI is used to identify and quantify fruitlets and fruits in photographs collected by UAV. In this article, we present our prototype of an autonomous yield estimation system. The adapted “4+1” architecture was applied to design a system with a holistic approach analyzing software, hardware, and ecosystem requirements. Six datasets are presented, which contain the images of fruitlets and fruits of apples, pears, and cherries. Three CNN models were trained: YOLOv8m, YOLOv9m, and YOLOv10m. The experiment showed that the most accurate was YOLOv9m, which achieved mean accuracies of 0.896 mAP@50 and 0.510 mAP@50:95 for all datasets.
How Important Are Labor-Market Gender Gaps in the South Caucasus?
Authors: Teignier Marc , Cuberes David
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we use survey data from the South Caucasus countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia) to document the presence of gender gaps in the labor market and examine its consequences. To do the analysis, we use a numerical general-equilibrium occupational choice model with heterogeneous agents in entrepreneurial ability. We then introduce the observed gender gaps in labor-force participants, employers, and self-employed. We find that entrepreneurship gender gaps cause an average GDP loss of 6.2%, while gender gaps in labor-force participation cause an average GDP loss of 9%. Armenia (2007) displays the largest total loss and Georgia (2007, 2014) the smallest ones. We also decompose the gender gaps and their associated costs by households with different education levels and with and without dependents at home. Our results indicate that most of the income losses are driven by households with high education and those with dependents, especially those with both children and elderly at home.
Comparison of Thermal Conductivity and Long-Term Change of Building Insulation Materials According to Accelerated Laboratory Test Methods of ISO 11561 and EN 13166 Standard
Authors: Kim Jin-Hee , Kim Sang-Myung , Kim Jun-Tae
Published: December 2024

The insulation performance of a building is one of the most fundamental factors in reducing its energy use. The insulation of the building envelope is the main factor that directly affects the cooling and heating loads, which is responsible for the largest portion of the building’s energy consumption. Recently, in South Korea, building insulation materials such as PIR and PF, which have not only fire resistance but also high insulation performance, are becoming mainstream in the industry as fire safety standards have been strengthened. However, there are concerns about the long-term change of high-performance insulation materials. In particular, in contrast with existing plastic insulation materials such as EPS and XPS, the evaluation of the reliability of the long-term change of insulation materials with a high closed-cell rate is becoming an issue. This is because, unlike the existing EPS and XPS, there are insufficient international standard test methods for evaluating the long-term thermal performance of composite insulation materials such as polyurethane and phenol. They are combined with layers of other types of thermal insulation and/or one or both of the surfaces are covered with coatings, facings, membranes or other surface skins, all serving some functional purpose depending on the product application. In this study, the long-term change of building insulation materials was tested and analyzed based on the standard of the accelerated aging test. Four types of building insulation materials were used in the experiment: EPS, XPS, PF and PIR. The accelerated aging tests were conducted based on ISO 11561 and BS EN 13166 standards (accelerated laboratory test methods). The results of the accelerated aging tests for the materials were analyzed and the thermal resistance of the insulation materials was also compared. From the test results according to the slicing test method specified in the ISO 11561, the thermal resistance of EPS, XPS, PF, and PIR with long-term changes decreased by 2.4%, 8.5%, 16.4%, and 18.0%, respectively, compared to the initial thermal resistance. From the test results according to the 70 °C heat acceleration test method specified in the EN 13166, the thermal resistance decreased by 2.0% for EPS, 6.7% for XPS, 8.7% for PF and 13.6% for PIR, compared to their respective initial thermal resistance values. The EPS showed highly similar thermal resistance changes for the two different test methods. It was found that there was no effect from the slicing of the insulation material, and the accelerated aging test showed minimal changes in thermal resistance. In contrast, the other insulation materials exhibited different thermal resistance changes depending on the test method, with each material showing a thermal resistance change of 8.8% to 15.9% when subjected to the accelerated aging test.
Stochastic Approaches to Energy Markets: From Stochastic Differential Equations to Mean Field Games and Neural Network Modeling
Authors: Di Persio Luca , Alruqimi Mohammed , Garbelli Matteo
Published: December 2024

This review paper examines the current landscape of electricity market modelling, specifically focusing on stochastic approaches, transitioning from Mean Field Games (MFGs) to Neural Network (NN) modelling. The central objective is to scrutinize and synthesize evolving modelling strategies within power systems, facilitating technological advancements in the contemporary electricity market. This paper emphasizes the assessment of model efficacy, particularly in the context of MFG and NN applications. Our findings shed light on the diversity of models, offering practical insights into their strengths and limitations, thereby providing a valuable resource for researchers, policy makers, and industry practitioners. The review guides navigating and leveraging the latest stochastic modelling techniques for enhanced decision making and improved market operations.
Enhanced Power Extraction via Hybrid Pitching Motion in an Oscillating Wing Energy Harvester with Leading Flap
Authors: Saleh Suleiman , Sohn Chang-Hyun
Published: December 2024

This study applied a hybrid pitching motion for an oscillating wing with a leading flap aimed at enhancing energy extraction efficiency. In the first half of the cycle, the hybrid pitching motion begins with a non-sinusoidal pitching motion for 0.0 ≤ t/T ≤ 0.25, transitioning to a sinusoidal pitching motion for 0.25 < t/T ≤ 0.50. The latter half of the motion mirrors the first one but moves toward the reverse direction. Hybrid motions combine the benefits of non-sinusoidal and sinusoidal pitching motions, enhancing the optimization of pitch angle variation. The findings show that hybrid motions for the wing fitted with an attached leading flap outperform both the single plate and the wing with an attached flap using sinusoidal pitching motion. The simulation was conducted with flap lengths ranging from 30% to 45% of the chord length and examined maximum pitching angles of the wing and the attached leading flap between 80° to 95° and 25° to 60°, respectively. By setting the pitch angles of the wing and leading flap to 85° and 45°, respectively, with the wing comprising 65% of the total length and the leading flap 35%, the proposed hybrid pitching motion with the leading flap generates a maximum power output of 1.276 that surpasses that of a sinusoidal pitching motion of 0.963 on an oscillating flat plate by 32.50%. This combination of hybrid pitching motion and a wing flap configuration is effective in improving the performance.
Evaluating Students’ Literacy on Safe Pesticide Use and Sustainable Resource Management: A Case Study in Alentejo, Portugal
Authors: Coelho Cristina , Martins M. Rosário , Vicente Henrique
Published: December 2024

The intensive use of pesticides contaminates soil and water, raising the risk of diseases like cancer and hormonal/neurological disorders. The continuous exposure to pesticides through water and food is concerning. Therefore, raising awareness about biological pest control is essential to reduce the harmful impact of pesticides on food and the environment. This study evaluates students’ literacy on pesticide use and its implications, focusing on three topics, pesticide use, disease prevention, and sustainability and health promotion. Thus, a questionnaire was drawn up and distributed to students of both genders, aged between 12 and 16 years old, from Alentejo (Portugal). The students were asked to indicate their agreement grade with statements related to key themes, such as pesticide use and consumer attitudes, healthy practices and disease prevention, and sustainability and health promotion. The cohort includes 1051 students, and the results suggest that environmental education and student awareness are crucial for promoting sustainable water resources and minimizing exposure to environmental and food pesticides. This study presents an Artificial Neural Network model, with its accuracy surpassing 90%, to assess students’ literacy on pesticide use and its implications. It also proposes a new approach to evaluate their potential for improvement, which is essential for developing educational strategies on health and the environmental impacts.
DNA Imprinting and Differentially Expressed Genes in Longissimus thoracis Muscle of Bos indicus Submitted to Early Weaning Management
Authors: Tinoco Gustavo , Russo Gustavo , Curi Rogério , Vicari Marcelo , Melo Paloma , Souza Isabella , Torrecilhas Juliana , Moriel Philipe , Baldassini Welder , Chardulo Luis , Neto Otávio , Pereira Guilherme
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Early weaning management followed by energy supplementation can lead to metabolic alterations in the calf that exert long-term effects on the animal’s health and performance. It is believed that the main molecular basis underlying these metabolic adaptations are epigenetic mechanisms that regulate, activate, or silence genes at different stages of development and/or in response to different environmental stimuli. However, little is known about postnatal metabolic programming in Bos indicus. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the DNA methylation profile of Nellore animals submitted to conventional and early weaning and to correlate the findings with genes differentially expressed in the Longissimus thoracis skeletal muscle of Bos indicus cattle. Methods: For this, we used Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) and RNA-Sequencing techniques to prospect differentially methylated genes (DMGs). Results: A total of 481 differentially methylated regions were identified, with 52% (250) being hypermethylated and 48% (231) hypomethylated. Functional enrichment analysis of 53 differentially methylated and differentially expressed genes was performed. The main enriched terms and pathways were associated with 3′-5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling, which presents the upregulated adenylate cyclase 3 (ADCY3) gene and significatively hypomethylated in the promoter region. Alterations in cAMP signaling are involved in numerous processes, many of them related to lipid metabolism. The relative differential expression of key genes of this pathway demonstrates the relationship between cAMP signaling and de novo lipogenesis. Conclusions: These findings suggest an important role of postnatal metabolic programming through DNA methylation mechanisms in determining fat deposition in beef.
The Metagenomic Properties of Uşak Tarhana Dough
Authors: Mitaf Naciye Afranur , Simsek Kirca Dudu , Simsek Omer
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the bacterial diversity of geographically indicated Uşak tarhana using metagenomics. Tarhana dough samples were collected from local producers in different regions of the Uşak province. The samples were analyzed for their chemical and microbiological properties. The microbiota was examined through metagenomic analysis using high-throughput sequencing, followed by bioinformatic processing with QIIME2 and DADA2 tools. Taxonomic analyses revealed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis were the dominant species in most samples. In Silico analysis confirmed the presence of Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis in the tarhana fermentation microbiota. Diversity analyses, including Shannon and Chao1 indices, indicated significant variation in microbial diversity and homogeneity among the samples. Differences in microbiota diversity were observed between tarhana produced in the northern and southern regions of Uşak. The bacterial diversity of the tarhana samples showed partial differences at the micro-local level, and these results suggested that the slight variation in bacterial diversity between the northern and southern regions might be related to mild climatic transition.
The Bottleneck in the Scalar Dissipation Rate Spectra: Dependence on the Schmidt Number
Authors: Orlandi Paolo
Published: December 2024

The mean dissipation rate of turbulent energy reaches a constant value at high Taylor–Reynolds numbers (Rλ). This value is associated with the well-scaling dissipation spectrum in Kolmogorov units, where the maximum corresponds to the bottleneck peak. Even the scalar dissipation rate at the high Rλ considered in the present direct numerical simulations attains a constant value as Sc increases. In this scenario, the maximum of the scalar dissipation spectra reaches its peak within the bottleneck, starting at Sc>0.5. A qualitative explanation for the formation of the two bottlenecks is related to the blockage of energy transfer from large to small scales in the inertial ranges. Within the bottleneck, the self-similar, ribbon-like structures transition into the rod-like structures characteristic of the exponential decay range. Investigating the viscous dependence of the bottleneck’s amplitude may be aided by examining the evolution of a passive scalar. As Sc decreases, the scalar spectra undergo changes across the wave number k range. The bottleneck is dismantled, and at very low Sc values, the spectrum tends towards Batchelor’s theoretical prediction, diminishing proportionally to k−17/3. To comprehend the flow structures responsible for the bottleneck, visualizations of θ∇2θ and probability density functions at various Sc values are presented and compared with those of ui∇2ui. The numerical method employed for generating three-dimensional spectra and quantities such as energy and scalar variance dissipation in physical space must be accurate, particularly in resolving small scales. This paper additionally demonstrates that the second-order finite difference scheme conserving kinetic energy and scalar variance in the inviscid limit in viscous simulations accurately predicts the exponential decay range in one-dimensional and three-dimensional turbulent kinetic energy and scalar variance spectra.
Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Combined with Sensory Evaluation for the Analysis of Volatile Aromatic Compounds in Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Germplasm Resources Cultivated in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zeng Xueling , Zhang Shikui , Geng Wenjuan , Jin Jie , Liao Kang , Tang Zhanghu , Wang Shaopeng , Zhou Weiquan
Published: December 2024

The volatile compounds in the fruits of 24 apricot cultivars were quantitatively and qualitatively determined via headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC–MS). A total of 429 volatile compounds were detected in these fruits, and the greatest number of detected terpenoids was 77. Significant differences were found among the cultivars in terms of the total volatile compound content of the fruits, with variation from 112.76 (‘ZSHYX’) to 317.36 µg/g (‘JNL’). Using relative odor activity value (rOAV) analysis, 42 key aroma compounds were identified. The rOAVs of (2S,4R)-4-methyl-2-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)oxane, (E)-non-2-enal, (3-methyl-3-sulfanylbutyl) formate, and thiophen-2-ylmethanethiol were above 1000, and most had green, fruity, and woody odors; these results indicated that these substances were important contributors to the overall aroma of the apricot fruits. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the volatile compounds from 24 representative apricot cultivars and can aid in the further scientific understanding of the metabolites and aroma in apricots. These findings provide a reference for controlling fruit quality and for future apricot cultivar breeding.
Novel Insight into the Composition Differences Between Buffalo and Holstein Milk and Potential Anti-Inflammation and Antioxidant Effect on Caco-2 Cells
Authors: Wang Luyao , Hu Xinyue , Jiang Jiaqi , Wang Dong , Qin Chaobin , Li Ling , Shi Deshun , Liu Qingyou , Wang Jian , Li Hui , Huang Jieping , Li Zhipeng
Published: December 2024

Milk is one of the most common sources of nutrients in humans, however, the composition and healthy value of the milk derived from different animals are very different. Here, we systemically compared the protein and lipid profiles and evaluated the anti-inflammation and antioxidant effect of buffalo and Holstein-derived milk on Caco-2 cells. Results showed that 906 proteins and 1899 lipids were identified in the buffalo milk and Holstein milk samples including 161 significantly different proteins (DEPs) and 49 significantly different lipids. The DEPs were mainly enriched in defense response-related terms, while the differential lipids were mainly included in fat digestion and absorption and cholesterol metabolism pathways. In addition, the Caco-2 cells co-cultured with buffalo and Holstein milk components showed significant benefits in being resistant to LPS-induced inflammation stress and H2O2-induced ROS stress. The qRT-PCR and ELISA results showed that the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the cells co-cultured with milk components. Further analysis showed that, after H2O2 treatment, the expression of keap1 and Nrf-2 in the Caco-2 cells co-cultured with milk components was significantly lower (p < 0.05). In addition, being co-cultured with milk components significantly decreased the SOD, MDA, CAT, and GSH-Px content (p < 0.05) in the Caco-2 cells induced by H2O2. This study provides a novel insight into the differences in proteins and lipids between buffalo milk and Holstein milk, and a reference understanding of the anti-inflammation and antioxidant effect of the consumption of milk on the intestines.