bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of N-Benzyl -9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl and Indole –3-Acetic Acid In Vitro Culture of Bauhinia purpurea L.
Authors: Suwal Singh Belai Meeta
Published: June 2019

Bauhinia purpurea L. is a leguminous plant moderate sized tree with multipurpose value. It is distributed in sub-Himalayan tracts. It has been cultivated in the plain region up to the elevation of 1350 m. Mature seeds of Bauhinia purpurea L. were cultured on half strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium. Nodal explants obtained from germinated seedlings were cultured on MS medium containing 0.5 M BAP produced multiple shoots which were used for experimental purposes. Nodal explants obtained from cultured were subcultured on different concentrations of N-Benzyl -9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl) (BPA) and Indole-3acetic acid (IAA). The best proliferation of nodes and shoots were observed on the MS medium supplemented with 0.5 M BPA and 0.1 M IAA. After 8 weeks of culture, the propagated plants were acclimatized and transferred to the sand box containing 1:1 soil and sand. Well rooted plants were then established in the field. All the data collected were worked out statistically with SPSS, a system of analytical procedure.
Corporate Accountability in Disclosing Carbon Information: Evidence from a Developing Nation.
Authors: Darus Faizah , Izati Mohd Zuki Hidayatul , Yusoff Haslinda , Mat Aris Noraslinda
Published: June 2019

The issue of climate change has been a significant concern globally both in the developed and developing economies. This study aims to uncover the quality of carbon information disclosed in a developing country i.e. Malaysia. A content analysis of the annual and sustainability reports of Top 100 companies in environmentally-sensitive industries in Malaysia over a two-year period in 2011 and 2014 was undertaken. The results revealed that the quality of carbon information provided by companies improved over the two-year period and the changes were significant. The companies were also beginning to translate quantitative details into monetary amounts. The dimension Carbon reduction and costs had the highest mean score for both years. The findings revealed that the construction industry had the lowest mean score for all dimensions in both years and this finding is a concern as activities of the construction industry are generally known to have numerous effects on the environment. The findings from the study revealed that companies are taking the initiatives to set carbon reduction targets to be achieved in the future, hence, a signal of enhanced corporate environmental accountability. Nevertheless, the overall low disclosure of carbon information may require the intervention from stakeholders to improve the quality of the report.
Leading urban change with people powered public spaces. The history, and new directions, of the Placemaking movement
Authors: Kent Ethan
Published: June 2019

Successful urban development is usually anchored by vital public spaces where people naturally want to gather: a crossroads or a main street, third place business, public market, waterfront wharf, library, railway station, campus, agora, piazza, or civic square. These spaces become truly magnetic places when they provide purpose and meaning for the broad groups of people they serve. Public places are most dynamic—and most enduring—when they showcase and boost a community’s unique public life, economy, and culture. This is especially true when the people using them are involved in their creation, continual re-creation, management, and governance. This is the essence of placemaking. Great public spaces happen through community-driven placemaking and place-led governance. These great places are the foundation of great communities, which in turn are the building blocks of a prosperous, equitable, and resilient society.
Understanding people’s needs for a vivid public realm as a key towards enhancing modern neighbourhoods’ liveability. Nasr City in Cairo as a case study
Authors: Keleg Merham M. , Abdellatif Marwa
Published: June 2019

Traditional cities emerged and grew according to the residents’ needs; thus they were a reflection of the community’s culture and traditions. But lately cities have witnessed numerous changes and challenges. Nasr City in Cairo was planned as a suburb in the late sixties to tackle the housing shortage in Cairo. Nasr city’s master plan aimed at accommodating modern planning concepts where it featured an abundance of open public spaces when compared to other districts of Cairo. However, these spaces are empty of people most of the time, which detracts from the character and the experiential qualities of the area. This paper aims to explore the way in which the residents of Nasr city envision ‘their’ public spaces, comprehending the reasons why their usage of such spaces is currently hindered and discovering their recommendations for enhancing public spaces in their neighbourhoods in a way that would encourage them to visit them regularly. In addition, this paper assesses Nasr city’s public spaces, in an attempt to bridge the gap between the offered built environment and people’s needs. This assessment shall be achieved through the use of questionnaires, observations of people’s reactions towards offered public spaces, urban surveys of the provided public spaces and interviews with officials. Based on these studies the paper proposes recommendations incorporating people’s needs for a vivid public realm, in order to help planners and officials to understand the malfunctions inherent in modern city planning and management models that have hindered planned public spaces from conveying and fulfilling their role as centres of social interaction.
Assessment of user happiness in campus open spaces
Authors: Farag Alshimaa A. , Badawi Samaa R. , Doheim Rahma M.
Published: June 2019

There is a considerable amount of interest among scholars and urban designers in assessing and fulfilling a shared desire for happiness that is expressed by users of open spaces. The scope of this paper is limited to user experience in a university campus, and considerations around the impact of the setting and design of existing open spaces on stimulating positive feelings and happiness in students, and enhancing the all-round educational experience. The study is limited to young female students at the Effat University campus, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jeddah City. This paper aims to assess the students’ level of happiness on a university campus by examining the impact of the open spaces design and setting on the students. A cognitive map analysis is used to investigate the students’ emotional experience of the open spaces on campus. Also, a questionnaire is used to investigate the students’ preferable open spaces and the reasons for their preferences, which validate the results. The results showed that due to social and environmental conditions some decisions need to be made in response to outdoor temperatures and the spaces’ settings in order to improve their design and make a significant positive impact on students’ happiness. In addition, this could potentially result in a happier, healthier, and more efficient educational environment overall.
Public space quality evaluation: prerequisite for public space management
Authors: Praliya Seema , Garg Pushplata
Published: June 2019

Public spaces are an important part of cities as they contribute to improvements in liveability, environmental quality and sustainability. Despite these conditions of public spaces in cities in developing countries like India, are far from desirable in terms of quantity as well as quality. Though considerable research has been done on successful public open spaces to identify quality attributes/criteria and their evaluation in the context of developed countries, much of this has been primarily aimed at providing design guidelines/solutions. Besides, the role of proper management in ensuring quality and overall success of public spaces has also been assessed. However, not much research has been done in this regard in Indian context, where there is a considerable difference between the norms and provision of public spaces; the usage of public spaces and their quality from those in developed/rich countries This demands an in-depth understanding of the problems and issues surrounding public spaces, the criteria for quality in public spaces, and development of an evaluation framework, so that appropriate management strategies can be framed for their improvement. In view of the above, the study investigates public spaces in the context of three Indian cities and identifies the quality attributes/criteria based on a survey of users’ opinion and observational studies of selected public spaces. Further, a framework for the evaluation of the quality of public spaces employing the Public Space Quality Index (PSQI), has been developed and applied in selected public spaces. Using the above methodology, public spaces in a city with different performance levels, and factors responsible for the same can be identified, which can then become the basis for formulating appropriate management strategies for their improvement and comparing performances of public spaces in specific areas of a city/different cities to encourage competitiveness among cities to improve the quality of their public realm.
EVALUATION OF DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF TAX BUDGET FORMATION SOURCES IN UKRAINE
Authors: Мартиненко В. В.
Published: June 2019

The current state of the national economy development of our country raises the urgent need for a detailed analysis of the practical principles of the budget revenue formation. It was found that the excess of the level of total revenues growth to the consolidated budget of Ukraine from indirect taxes on the revenues from direct taxes has caused the structural changes in the tax sources of the state fi nancial resources formation – the increase in the indirect taxes share by 13.8 % and the reduction of the direct taxes share – by 7.6 %. The article proves that the evaluation of the dynamics and structure of tax sources budget formation is important, since, on the one hand, its results refl ect the tax system effi ciency, and, on the other hand, the level of income redistribution in the economy.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ МОДЕЛЕЙ ФІНАНСУВАННЯ МЕДИЧНОГО СТРАХУВАННЯ
Authors: Онишко С. В. , Шевчук Ю. В.
Published: June 2019

У статті розглянуті моделі фінансового забезпечення охорони здоров’я, що використовуються у світовій практиці, а саме: моделі «Семашка», «Бевериджа», «Бісмарка», приватна модель. На їхній основі визначені централізовані та децентралізовані моделі фінансування медичного страхування. З’ясовано переваги та недоліки моделей фінансування медичного страхування. Встановлено, що спільною рисою усіх моделей є багатоканальність, саме можливість залучення альтернативних джерел та механізмів фінансування сфери охорони здоров’я. Надані пропозиції щодо розбудови моделі фінансового забезпечення медичного страхування в Україні.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ ПЕРСОНАЛЬНОГО ПРИБУТКОВОГО ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Задорожня Л. А. , Швабій К. І. , Скаженник М. В.
Published: June 2019

У статті досліджено детермінанти трансформації персонального прибуткового оподаткування в Україні. Визначено, що, незважаючи на обраний Україною шлях фіскальної децентралізації, у частині розподілу надходжень від податку на доходи фізичних осіб відбуваються процеси у напрямі централізації. Визначено перспективні напрями удосконалення персонального прибуткового оподаткування з метою підвищення рівня дотримання податкового законодавства.
Rash, Radiculopathy, and Cognitive Biases
Authors: Saul Solomon , Tanael Michael
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND: Physicians rely on intuition and pattern recognition to rapidly evaluate and treat patients. While the realities of our medical system require liberal use of these heuristics to efficiently make clinical decisions, such thinking patterns are error-prone—leaving
the clinician at the whims of their cognitive biases.CASE REPORT: We describe a case of Lyme disease in which a pilot’s rash and radicular pain were misdiagnosed on two separate occasions until, nearly a month after initially seeking medical care, the pilot was appropriately
diagnosed and treated.DISCUSSION: This case highlights Lyme disease’s mimicry of other common diseases and underscores the need to use slower, more deliberate evaluation in conjunction with pattern recognition and intuition to provide optimal care to flyers.Saul S,
Tanael M. Rash, radiculopathy, and cognitive biases. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(7):652–654.
Predicting Workload Experienced in a Flight Test by Measuring Workload in a Flight Simulator
Authors: Zheng Yiyuan , Lu Yanyu , Jie Yuwen , Fu Shan
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND: In order to determine the minimum flight crew number and show compliance with airworthiness regulations, the workload of flight crew should be measured in various flight scenarios both in a simulator and in flight tests demonstrating compliance. However, the complexity,
environment, and safety considerations of flight tests require pilots to take more responsibility and be more careful with decisions and actions with higher stress, and it might be inappropriate to carry out flight tests in a high-risk abnormal situation. Therefore, it is necessary to assess
workload measures in a simulator to predict workload experienced during a flight test.METHODS: Two subjective workload measurements and three psychophysiological measurements were compared both in a simulator and in a flight test among three flight scenarios. The scenarios were
carried out in an ARJ21-700 full-flight simulator and a corresponding aircraft, and a total of 17 pilots participated.RESULTS: Both flight scenarios and flight environment had a significant influence on NASA-TLX, eye blink rate, and heart rate. Additionally, the NASA-TLX (R = 0.864)
and heart rate differences (R = 0.840) presented strong correlations between the simulator and flight test.DISCUSSION: NASA-TLX and heart rate could be used in simulators and flight tests as consistent measures of workload. Furthermore, in order to reduce the quantity and risk of
compliance during a flight test, the best strategy is to combine the results of the NASA-TLX scales and HR-D together in a flight simulator to predict workload experienced in a flight test.Zheng Y, Lu Y, Jie Y, Fu S. Predicting workload experienced in a flight test by measuring workload
in a flight simulator. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(7):618–623.
Restoration of the Self through History and Myth in Lina Kostenko’s “Marusia Churai”
Authors: Tomorug-Znaienko Myroslava
Published: June 2019

The paper analyzes Lina Kostenko’s historical novel in verse portraying the life of the 17th century  Ukrainian minstrel poet Marusia Churai, condemned to death for poisoning her faithless lover. This work, which grows out of Kostenko’s individualized mythical perception of Marusia Churai legend, represents a unique individual construct in which the heroines’ quest for self-realization is kept in tune with the same yearning of the poetess herself; the author’s attitude towards the myth resembles the heroine’s relations with history. The narrative mode of the novel functions mainly in three aspects; these are the heroine’s confrontation with the carnivalized reality of her trial; her subjective journey inward, into the  ruined self, when her execution was pending; and her objective pilgrimage outward, into the history of her ruined land, after getting pardon. The paper touches upon various aspects of the heroine’s perception of history. The main character is depicted as a witness of contemporary events and a bearer of the Word who keeps harmony with the sacred truth of the past. The Hetman’s ‘pardon’ allows Marusia to move freely through history in order to achieve a deeper understanding of her ruined land and seize its spirit. In the experience of the heroine the historical reality appears as versatile and polyphonic, at the same time remaining integral and inseparable from her personality. Kostenko asserts the rights of poets to create their own epochs, to recreate the past or present from within their own mythical experience, becoming thus not only myth-bearers but also mythmakers.
Combatant Prose in Modern Ukrainian Literature: Genre and Stylistic Features
Authors: Riabchenko Maryna
Published: June 2019

During the last few years a signiﬁ cant number of texts covering a huge range of genres appeared within the Ukrainian literary community with a purpose to depict the recent events of the war taking place in the East of the country. The most complete list of such literary texts created by Anna Skorina has more than 400 positions. It includes poetry, ﬁction, essays, diaries, non-ﬁ ction (documentaries and political researches), photo albums and, surprisingly, comic books and a graphic novel. Moreover, the list is permanently updated. There are both civilians (writers, journalists, volunteers) and combatants among the authors of the texts. The prose written by the latter group of authors is an important and interesting phenomenon of the modern Ukrainian literary process. The group includes professional writers conscripted into Ukrainian Armed Forces or enlisted in the Volunteer Batallions as well as authors without pre-war experience of being related to the literary beau monde. To a certain extent their texts belong to documentaries or to the literature of fact. Most authors resort to self-descriptive writing for comprehending their recent experience and psychological changes it caused. These works can be classiﬁ ed as ego-documents (diaries, memoires) and ego-texts (autobiographical ﬁction and essays). Genre diﬀusion is a characteristic feature of memoires and autobiographical prose, the combatant prose being no exception. Such popular ﬁ ction genres as comic books and graphic novels must be considered a rather interesting practice within modern military literature. The paper emphasizes the incorrectness of identifying modern combatant prose with so-called lieutenant prose, the Soviet literary phenomenon, as these groups of texts have essential diﬀerences that exceed by far their common features.
Artırılmış Gerçeklik Teknolojisinin Lojistik Faaliyetleri Üzerine Olan Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Ümit , DUMAN Bülent
Published: June 2019

Müşterilerin
taleplerindeki çeşitlilikten dolayı gittikçe karmaşıklaşan lojistik
faaliyetlerinin performanslarının sürdürülebilir hale getirilmesi amacıyla yeni
teknolojilerin faaliyetlere entegre edilmesi gerekmektedir. Gerçek dünyanın
sanal dünyadan gelen ses, video, fotoğraf vb. bilgiler ile zenginleştirilmesi
olarak tanımlanan artırılmış gerçeklik, bahsi edilen yeni teknolojiler arasında
yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, son yıllarda oldukça popüler olan artırılmış
gerçeklik teknolojisinin lojistik faaliyetlerindeki uygulama alanları ve
lojistik faaliyetleri üzerine olan etkileri ele alınmıştır.  Bu amaçla, öncelikle artırılmış gerçeklik
teknolojisi hakkında temel bir araştırma yapılacak, daha sonra lojistik
faaliyetlerinin doğru, hızlı, düşük maliyetli ve yüksek verimli hale
getirilmesi doğrultusunda artırılmış gerçekliğin hangi lojistik süreçlerinde
aktif rol aldığı ve ne gibi kazanımlar sağladığı tespit edilecektir.
Küreselleşme Karşıtı Hareketlerin Tek Bir Yöne Evrilmesi: Dünya Sosyal Forumu Örneği ve Medyayı Kullanım Pratikleri
Authors: PINAR Lütfü , DAĞTAŞ Erdal
Published: June 2019

Günümüzde dünya, ekonomik,
siyasi ve kültürel alanlardaki dönüşümler ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki
gelişmeler sonucunda küresel bir yapıya bürünmüştür. Ancak, küreselleşme
olgusunun 1990’lı yıllardan itibaren dünya çapında artan etkisi ve ekonomik
alanda hüküm süren kapitalist sistemin küreselleşme olgusunu da içerisine
alarak küresel bir boyuta evrilmesi, birçok olumsuzluğu da beraberinde
getirmiştir. Bu noktada, küreselleşme karşıtı hareketler küreselleşme olgusunun
ekonomik, siyasi ve kültürel alanlarda artan ve yaygınlaşan etkisinden
kaynaklanan sorunlara karşı bir refleks olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada,
küreselleşmenin olumsuz sonuçlarına karşı bir tepki olarak başlayan
küreselleşme karşıtı hareketlerin tarihsel arka planı ve bu hareketlerin ortaya
çıkışında etkili olan ekonomik, siyasi ve kültürel dinamikler Dünya Sosyal
Forumu (DSF) örneği çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, özgür ve eşit
yurttaşların bir arada yaşadığı demokratik bir düzenin inşa edilmesinde ve
yerleşmesinde medyanın üstlendiği rol DSF’nin medyayı kullanım pratiği
bağlamında tartışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, küreselleşme olgusunun 1990’lı
yıllardan itibaren ivme kazanması ile küreselleşme karşıtı hareketlerin küresel
düzeyde görünürlüğünün ve etkisinin artması durumlarının karşılıklı bir
belirlenim ilişkisi içerisinde ve eşzamanlı olarak gerçekleştiği söylenebilir.
Çünkü küresel kapitalist sistemin, emperyalizmin ve neo-liberalizmin karşısında
eşitlikçi ve özgürlükçü bir dünya düzenini hedefleyen DSF, küresel kapitalist
ve emperyalist örgütlere karşıt bir oluşum olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bununla
birlikte, “Başka bir dünya mümkün!” sloganıyla özdeşleşen DSF’nin medyayı
(özellikle de yeni medyayı) etkin bir biçimde kullan(a)madığı söylenebilir.
La complexité à l’œuvre dans la notion de travail
Authors: Saliba-Chalhoub Nicole
Published: June 2019

L’article prend pour point de départ, au travers de la grille de l’herméneutique sacrée, l’éclairage originel de la mythologie judéo-chrétienne et ambitionne, à partir de là, de montrer comment la notion de labeur va évoluer au fil des siècles, gagner en polysémie et en complexité, jusqu’à se confondre avec l’individu même au travail. De châtiment divin, à l’origine, selon le texte génétique, de lieu même de l’injustice dans le texte évangélique, le travail deviendra petit à petit grâce au fait humain, le moyen de la reconquête par l’homme de son pouvoir perdu. Certes, cette évolution n’est pas linéaire ; elle a fluctué au fil du temps selon la posture de l’homme au monde et le cours des relations humaines, mais a gardé, semble-t-il, sa structure pyramidale, inspirée originellement du judéo-christianisme. Dans les temps modernes, depuis le taylorisme jusqu’à l’émergence du modèle de compétence à l’aube du III e millénaire, l’homme n’a eu de cesse d’entretenir avec le monde du travail une relation dialectique d’amour et de haine, tout à l’image de son intériorité faite de ténèbres et de lumière, de besoin de renfermement et de désir d’ouverture et d’affranchissement. L’article se saisira enfin des notions d’intelligence artificielle et de big data , derrière lesquelles semblent se tenir les nouveaux dieux du monde, en vue de montrer que le rapport au travail gagnerait sans doute à l’heure actuelle à être redéfini à l’aune d’une mondialisation de plus en plus complexifiée.
Equivalence of hypotheses and Galilean censure in Leibniz: A conspiracy or a way to moderate censure?
Authors: Adomaitis Laurynas
Published: June 2019

En 1689, à Rome, et durant six mois, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) s’est occupé de la question de la censure copernicienne et galiléenne. L’interprétation habituelle des articles de Rome suggère que la tentative leibnizienne pour lever la censure copernicienne était uniquement dérivée de l’équivalence d’hypothèses provenant de la relativité du mouvement ; elle impliquait pour Leibniz de compromettre sa conviction quant à la véracité de l’hypothèse copernicienne en affirmant que celle-ci ne devrait être interprétée que de manière instrumentale ; enfin, elle accompagnait une plaidoirie pour l’abolition totale de la censure. Au contraire, je soutiens que si les hypothèses étaient simplement équivalentes, cela ne fournirait aucune raison pour lever la censure de Galilée (qui soutenait que la Terre se meut réellement et que l’Église a commis une erreur sur ce point) ; que la position de Leibniz dans sa cosmologie était bien une sorte d’instrumentalisme et qu’aucun compromis n’était donc nécessaire ; enfin que Leibniz défendait une position selon laquelle Galilée aurait dû être soumis à la censure, non pas à cause de sa physique, mais à cause de sa mauvaise interprétation du statut de l’Écriture.
Unions mouvementées
Authors: Vouilloux Bernard
Published: June 2019

Quelques représentations fameuses ont mis en scène les relations qui, au xix e  siècle, unissent peintres, écrivains, musiciens, critiques, mécènes et collectionneurs, contribuant ainsi à l’édification d’un véritable mythe fondateur. Au lien sororal qui inscrivait les relations entre poésie et peinture dans le cadre humaniste de l’ Ut pictura poesis se substitue la fraternité artiste, fondée sur des engagements esthétiques partagés : l’entente n’est pas donnée d’emblée, prescrite par la poétique, elle est gagée sur l’œuvre dans laquelle chacun est engagé. C’est dire que ces unions sont, par définition, fugaces. Face à elles se dessinent des alternatives « fondamentalistes », des retours : à l’imagerie populaire, aux primitifs italiens. Et se dresse un défi : celui d’une modernité à double visage, la démocratie étant pour certains le fourrier de l’uniformisation culturelle.
Le souffle d’une aile : poétiques de l’éventail chez Mallarmé et Claudel
Authors: Souchard Flora
Published: June 2019

Mallarmé et Claudel, malgré leurs différences poétiques et existentielles, peuvent se rejoindre dans l’attention qu’ils ont portée à un objet particulier : l’éventail. Ainsi Mallarmé l’utilise-t-il comme support de courts poèmes, quand Claudel lui rend hommage dans l’inspiration orientale qui a guidé ses Cent phrases pour éventails . Malgré l’hétérogénéité des supports qui ont vu naître ces poèmes – éventails réels ou livre japonais – l’objet ailé concentre des problématiques communes aux deux poètes. Volonté de dépasser la lourdeur éditoriale et émancipation des règles graphiques font souffler un vent de liberté sur ces textes, rythmés de battements nouveaux. Pliant la plume et l’encre aux exigences du visuel, voire la syntaxe à l’influence de la pensée japonaise, les poètes révèlent au prisme de l’éventail une réflexion esthétique qu’il est fécond de relire dans son contexte original d’écriture.
Ces étranges machines extrême-occidentales
Authors: Métailié Georges , Vérin Hélène
Published: June 2019

Fruit d’une collaboration entre un lettré chinois converti au christianisme Wang Zheng (1571-1644) et un missionnaire jésuite Johann Schreck, dit Terrentius (1576-1630) le livre intitulé « Essentiel des explications et représentations de merveilleuses machines d’Extrême-Occident » Yuanxi qiqi tushuo luzui, fut publié en 1627. Il rassemble dans un même ouvrage des données théoriques de la science des poids, d’analyse et de calcul de leurs applications dans les machines simples et de présentation de divers modèles de machines. Ce rassemblement constitue une approche inédite qui n’a pas sa pareille en Occident. C’est cette innovation que nous proposons d’interroger.
The Jinniu mines and the confusions of Qing sources on silver mining
Authors: Kim Nanny , Yang Yuda
Published: June 2019

Silver served as an unminted money for all larger transactions in late imperial China, yet historical sources on silver mining are scarce and unsatisfactory. While we know that the most important silver mines were located in Yunnan province and adjoining regions since the Yuan period, official records suggest very modest outputs that moreover declined steadily fell from through the Ming and Qing periods. This article analyses records and actual conditions on site with a focus on a specific mine that is comparatively well-documented as well as datable and provided particularly good conditions for fieldwork. Drawing on fieldwork on the remains on site and on local oral histories, an exemplary assessment of the fully official and the private records becomes possible. The discussion expands the focus to the known major silver mines in the regions, revealing the massive omissions in the official records. The presented research demonstrates the limited use of official government records and proposes an approach based on actual sites, material remains and oral histories for a new study of the history of late imperial silver mining.
Routes, rutters, navigational techniques and the development of navigational aids in traditional Chinese seagoing: The case of the compass
Authors: Davies Stephen
Published: June 2019

This paper will consider magnetic compasses as navigational aids in traditional Chinese seagoing in the light of the history and development of the science and technology of the magnetic compass. It will contend that in principle the magnetic pointers carried aboard traditional Chinese vessels (and equivalently equipped vessels elsewhere) before the late 17th century cannot have been reliable navigational aids and that no prudent mariner would have used them as such. The most widely accepted pre-17th century traditional seagoing compass water-bowl design will be evaluated according to the known, iron fastened, multi-cellular box girder structure of contemporary Chinese seagoing ships and to the waters in which they operated. A similar evaluation will be made of the post-17th century, dry pivot design. Both will be compared to the development of the magnetic compass, and of theories of geomagnetism and compass design between the 12th and 19th centuries in the west. Some conjectures will be ventured after the foregoing analysis as to the meaning and practical application of the “needle paths” associated traditional Chinese route maps and rutters.
Les malentendus de la technologie
Authors: Loeve Sacha , Deldicque Timothée
Published: June 2019

Le terme actuel de technologie, en désignant directement les réalités techniques et non leur étude, les réduit au produit d’un logos appliqué qui les place dans le giron des sciences exactes et néglige leur statut de faits sociaux susceptibles d’une compréhension par les sciences humaines. Critiquant cet usage, beaucoup militent pour rétablir dans toute sa clarté la distinction entre les techniques et la technologie dans son sens originel de théorie des techniques. Cet article examine ces critiques et questionne leur volonté de dissiper les malentendus de la technologie. Il affirme que le concept de « technique » auquel on voudrait revenir est en fait postérieur à celui de technologie ; que le caractère paradigmatique de la technologie de Beckmann est discutable ; et que la source de l’indétermination première comme de la surdétermination actuelle de la technologie réside dans son ambivalence irréductible entre logos de technè et technè du logos. Nous soutenons finalement qu’il existe aussi de bonnes raisons de confondre technique et technologie, comme le fait l’usage actuel, qui peut dès lors être justifié, mais à condition de le réinscrire dans un pluralisme des modes d’existence et de connaissance technologiques.
Une place à part dans l’univers muséal français
Authors: Antérion Dominique
Published: June 2019

Le musée du 11 Conti-Monnaie de Paris, s’inscrit dans une tradition muséale vieille de plus de deux siècles : Cabinet de minéralogie à la fin du xviiie siècle, musée monétaire avec le règne de Louis Philippe… Chaque fois le musée revêt une dimension professionnelle à l’adresse des artisans ou techniciens de la Monnaie de Paris. De nos jours, et au-delà du musée du 11 Conti ouvert au plus grand nombre, la collection continue de jouer ce rôle de « fonction support ».
Le Club français de la médaille et le musée du 11 Conti
Authors: Coullaré Béatrice
Published: June 2019

La Monnaie de Paris a une longue tradition de collaboration avec des artistes indépendants. Celle-ci a été facilitée par l’emploi du tour à réduire qui a permis aux modeleurs et aux sculpteurs de créer librement leurs œuvres sans devoir maîtriser la gravure en taille directe. Forte de son savoir-faire, c’est à partir de la seconde moitié du xxe siècle que la Monnaie de Paris s’est engagée dans un programme de valorisation de l’art de la médaille contemporaine grâce à la vision de Pierre Dehaye (1921-2008), son directeur. En poste depuis un an, il crée en 1963 le Club français de la médaille pour promouvoir et défendre cet art auprès des amateurs, des collectionneurs et du public. Grâce au dépôt légal, un exemplaire de chaque médaille frappée ou fondue pour ce club est entré dans les collections patrimoniales du musée du 11 Conti. Ce fonds est aujourd’hui valorisé par des expositions dossiers qui donnent à découvrir la richesse thématique et stylistique de cette collection unique.
Recent Progress of Marine Survey Unmanned Surface Vehicle in China
Authors: Dong Chao , Li Xue , Chen Xin-xi , Jin Jiu-cai , Huang Cheng-yi
Published: June 2019

AbstractBased on the ongoing techniques among control theory, communication networks, and sensor design, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs) and unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) are experiencing rapid development. Research on these unmanned
systems and those intelligent sectors inside has absorbed interests and investments from not only military but also civil organizations. The well-applied fields include surveillance and reconnaissance, surface warfare, antisubmarine warfare, mine countermeasures, oceanic environment monitoring,
search and rescue, hydrographic survey, and so on. Comparing with those studies on UAVs and UUVs, the one focusing on USVs was started later and has been developed quickly in the past 20 years. Since 2013, USV has advanced considerably in China, particularly in the marine survey field. Owing
to its characteristics of light-weighting, intelligence, and unmanned operations, USV is attractive for shallow water, extreme environments, and marine accidents. This paper comprehensively summarizes the recent progress of the marine survey USV in China. The structure of the paper is divided
into three parts. First, we briefly recall the developing history and introduce several excellent USVs of China in recent years. The marine survey USVs invested by the State Oceanic Administration (SOA) are then summarized in the next section, along with the details of hydrographic survey
in the South China Sea, Antarctic marine survey, and oil spill emergency response. Finally, the paper points out current deficiencies and future directions of the potential technique.
The importance of museum collections in determining biodiversity patterns, using a freshwater mussel Unio caffer (Krauss 1848) as an example
Authors: Sonamzi Bayanda , Mlambo Musa C. , Appleton Chris C. , Barber-James Helen M.
Published: June 2019

Background: Two recent distributional maps of the African freshwater mussel Unio caffer (Krauss 1848) in South Africa represented an incomplete picture compared to the records held by the national museums.Objectives: This study is partly in response to them, with the aim to compare and contrast the distribution maps of the published papers with the distribution records held by the national museums.Method: We requested the distribution records of U. caffer from four South African museums. We visited and worked on the U. caffer collections of three of these museums to confirm the taxonomic identity of their specimens and gather occurrence records. We also extracted the distributional records from the two published maps, and plotted all these records using the geographic information system, ESRI ArcGIS.Results: The distribution map based on the museum records showed that this species occurred in all nine provinces of the country, thus revealing a much broader historical occurrence than previous known.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the crucial function of museums, natural history collections in facilitating understanding about biodiversity patterns using U. caffer distribution as an example. However, as museum records mainly show historical occurrence, there is a need to conduct further studies to assess the current population trends of this species. Although the current International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) conservation assessment of this species is Least Concern, pressures on native fish, which host the larval stages of this mussel, and the declining environmental conditions of rivers in the country may affect the conservation status in the near future.
Does Nifty Index Inclusion (still) Convey Information? A Comprehensive Empirical Examination in the Indian Stock Market
Authors: Parthasarathy Srikanth
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive empirical examination of the S&P CNX Nifty index additions, for the complete period (2000 - 2018), first sub period (2000-2009) and second sub period (2010-2018), using both the price and non-price effects and the explanations surrounding them in the Indian stock market. This event methodology is used with three abnormal return computational methods, around the announcement and inclusion dates of index addition, in order to improve the robustness and reliability of the results. The results show that the Nifty index additions are associated with significant permanent abnormal returns in the complete, first and second period. However, the index effect has diminished in the second period. The information related explanations dominate in the complete and first period. The second period finds support for the downward sloping demand curve hypothesis. I extend the existing literature to a hitherto unexplored new sample period (2010-2018) in order to examine the price and non-price effects around Nifty index additions.
SHRINK TO EXPAND: THE READYMADES THROUGH THE LARGE GLASS
Authors: Wamberg Jacob
Published: June 2019

Departing from Duchamp’s advice in 1961 of finding the “com- mon factor” between the non-representative and the representa- tive, translated here into modernism and avant-garde, this article seeks to understand the readymades as objects that have passed metaphorically through Duchamp’s magnum opus, the unfinished Large Glass (1915-23). More precisely, the readymades are seen as mass-produced utensils that have been stripped bare of their usual function, i.e. their actualization, in order to regain potentiali- ty. Mapping Giorgio Agamben’s interpretation of Herman Melville’s short story Bartleby, the Scrivener (1856) onto the readymades, this shrink-to-expand strategy is understood as a skeptical suspen- sion of judgment, epoché, comparable to Bartleby’s polite refusal to work. Moreover, it is seen as equivalent to the down-scaling of dimensionality observed in the Large Glass, where transparency in one go eliminates the representation of spatial circumstances and opens up the objects toward the ever-changing physical surround- ings, thereby exposing more of those 4-dimensional projections, which are normally suppressed in our reduced 3-dimensional per- ception of the world.
Niveles de competencia en alimentación y actividad física en los libros de texto de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria
Authors: Garzón Anabella , Talavera Marta , Gavidia Valentín
Published: June 2019

Con la incorporación de las competencias básicas al currículo escolar tras la aplicación de la LOE, surge la necesidad de determinarlas para los temas relacionados con la educación para la salud. En el presente trabajo se ha elaborado un instrumento para analizar las competencias y contenidos competenciales que para el ámbito de la Alimentación y Actividad Física se encuentran presentes en los libros de texto de Biología y Geología de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Los resultados muestran el predominio de la dimensión conceptual, seguida de la procedimental y actitudinal. De los cinco niveles del concepto de salud, destaca la presencia de un mayor número de contenidos competenciales de los niveles Informativo (nivel 1) y Preventivo (nivel 2), indicando predominio del enfoque tradicional biologicista/médico. Los contenidos competenciales relacionados con la Salud ambiental (nivel 3) y de Desarrollo personal (nivel 4) se tratan en menor medida, siendo muy escasos los de Desarrollo personal y social (nivel 5). Se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de diseñar recursos complementarios que faciliten al alumnado lograr las competencias en Alimentación y Actividad Física.
Interspecific hybridization of Quasipaa and genetic characteristics of hybrid tadpole
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Fei Xiaoming , Kong Shenshen , Zhang Qipeng , Jiang Zeyuan , Li Qiuqing , Zheng Rongquan
Published: June 2019

This study aims to reveal the formation mechanism of distant hybridization of Quasipaa. We collected five species of Quasipaa for hybridization experiment and raised tadpoles at three temperature groups (14 ℃, 22 ℃, and 28 ℃) and three density groups (5, 15, and 30 ind/L). We monitored the growth rate and swimming speed of the tadpoles. We also used nine microsatellite markers to evaluate genetic diversity and structure between the crossbred offspring and parents. Results suggested that the hybrid combinations of Quasipaa spinosa (♀) × Q. shini (♂) and Q. boulengeri (♀) × Q. spinosa (♂) obtained healthy crossbred offspring. Temperature and breeding density significantly affected the growth and development of purebred and crossbred tadpoles. Compared with purebred tadpoles, the hybrids showed heterosis under similar experimental conditions. The genetic diversity of the crossbred tadpoles was higher than that of the parents. Higher heterozygosity and genetic differentiation were also observed in the progeny population. A close genetic relationship was found between the offspring population and the female parent.
Effects of Ethephon Associated with the Position of Gems on the Aspect of Sugar Cane in the Initial Development of Culture - Part I
Authors: Lisboa Lucas Aparecido Manzani , Leonezi Reginaldo Sciarra , Chagas Andresa Toledo , Freschi João Paulo Basaglia , Figueiredo Paulo Alexandre Monteiro De , Lazarini Edson
Published: June 2019

The hormones are closely related to the emergence of gemstones contained seedlings of sugarcane, at the time of planting of the stems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the ethephon associated with the position of gemstones in the cane of sugar cane in the initial development of the culture. In March 2014, at the Rio Vermelho Plant, located in Junqueirópolis, State of São Paulo, a cane plant with a sugar cane plant was selected for seedlings with an approximate age of 11 months. Two areas with dimensions of 20x20 meters were demarcated. In one of the areas, ethephon was applied. At 15 days after application, the seedlings containing 1 and 2 buds were collected to compose two independent experiments. From the area where the product was not applied, seedlings were removed for the control and application treatments of Ethephon in the planting groove in pots. The gems were sent to the Faculty of Agrarian and Technological Sciences of the Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - from Dracena, State of São Paulo. The seedlings came from the apex, middle and base of the canes of sugarcane. In this way, the experimental design was in a 3x3 factorial scheme, that is, the position of the seedlings in the canes of sugarcane and the modes of application of ethephon. The use of ethephon in the plant 15 days before planting together with seedlings from the sugar cane culms showed the best results for the rate of emergence; a number of tillers; dry matter weight of stem and leaves and leaf area.
Redefining Resilience
Authors: Trivedi Julie B.
Published: December 2024

In this narrative medicine essay, an infectious diseases physician shares how her journey to and through a depressive episode led her to raise awareness of mental health challenges and to help create supportive working environments.
With or Without ACA Repeal, ACA and Medicaid Cuts Are Looming
Authors: Levitt Larry
Published: December 2024

This JAMA Forum discusses potential changes looming in 2025 under a Republican-controlled White House and Congress, such as allowing enhanced Affordable Care Act (ACA) financial aid to expire and cutting federal Medicaid spending.
Hypothermia During Microsurgical Head and Neck Reconstruction and Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Saadoun Rakan , Guerrero David T. , Bengur Fuat Baris , Moroni Elizabeth A. , Surucu Yusuf , Smith Roy E. , Esper Stephen A. , Whitehurst Steven L. , Artman Jamie , Veit Johannes A. , Kubik Mark , Sridharan Shaum , Solari Mario G.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a severe complication after microsurgical free tissue transfer (FTT) to the head and neck. Hypothermia during surgery is a modifiable risk factor, and avoiding it may reduce the postoperative VTE rate.

Objective

To assess the association between hypothermia (temperature <36 °C) and postoperative VTE and free flap pedicle thrombosis rates after head and neck reconstruction with FTT.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study in a tertiary academic referral center used prospective and retrospective database and medical record data collected for patients who underwent head and neck reconstruction with FTT between January 1, 2012, and August 31, 2023. Temperature over time was classified as normothermia (temperature ≥36 °C), hypothermia (<36 °C) for more than 30 minutes and less than 120 minutes, and hypothermia for 120 minutes or more.

Exposure

Venous thromboembolism.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The study outcomes were VTE events and thrombosis of the free flap pedicle that required revision surgery. Univariable and multivariable regressions were used to test the association between the outcomes and clinical factors.

Results

A total of 1078 patients (mean [SD] age, 61.3 [12.6] years; 724 males [67.2%]; mean [SD] Caprini score, 6.4 [2.1]) were included. The VTE and pedicle thrombosis rates were 3.2% (35 patients) and 2.2% (24 patients), respectively. In a multivariable model controlled for Caprini score and chemoprophylaxis, VTE was associated with hypothermia of more than 30 minutes and less than 120 minutes (odds ratio [OR], 3.82; 95% CI, 0.99-14.07) and hypothermia of 120 minutes or longer (OR, 3.55; 95% CI, 1.05-11.95). Free flap pedicle thrombosis was not associated with hypothermia (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.26-1.43).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that preventing hypothermia during microsurgical FTT to the head and neck may decrease the postoperative rate of VTE. Future studies should explore the optimal intraoperative body temperature range that may prevent the development of VTE without compromising patient safety.
Personalized federated learning for abdominal multi‐organ segmentation based on frequency domain aggregation
Authors: Fu Hao , Zhang Jian , Chen Lanlan , Zou Junzhong
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The training of deep learning (DL) models in medical images requires large amounts of sensitive patient data. However, acquiring adequately labeled datasets is challenging because of the heavy workload of manual annotations and the stringent privacy protocols.

Methods

Federated learning (FL) provides an alternative approach in which a coalition of clients collaboratively trains models without exchanging the underlying datasets. In this study, a novel Personalized Federated Learning Framework (PAF‐Fed) is presented for abdominal multi‐organ segmentation. Different from traditional FL algorithms, PAF‐Fed selectively gathers partial model parameters for inter‐client collaboration, retaining the remaining parameters to learn local data distributions at individual sites. Additionally, the Fourier Transform with the Self‐attention mechanism is employed to aggregate the low‐frequency components of parameters, promoting the extraction of shared knowledge and tackling statistical heterogeneity from diverse client datasets.

Results

The proposed method was evaluated on the Combined Healthy Abdominal Organ Segmentation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset (CHAOS 2019) and a private computed tomography (CT) dataset, achieving an average Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 72.65% for CHAOS and 85.50% for the private CT dataset, respectively.

Conclusion

The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our PAF‐Fed by outperforming state‐of‐the‐art FL methods.