bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schicksale des frühen Ich
Authors: Press Jacques
Published: August 2023

Welche Auswirkungen haben frühe traumatische Erfahrungen – unerträgliche Hilflosigkeit, namenlose Angst und seelischer Zusammenbruch infolge Mangel an notwendiger Zuwendung – auf die Ich-Entwicklung und Subjektbildung? Dieser Frage geht Jacques Press ausgehend von den Erfahrungen in der Arbeit mit somatisch erkrankten Patient*innen nach. Er beschreibt Verzerrungen und Verstümmelungen in der Entwicklung des frühen Ich, die zu prekären Lebenswegen führen und gleichzeitig notwendige Versuche der Selbsterhaltung darstellen mit dem Ziel, die Wiederkehr des Zusammenbruchs abzuwenden. In zahlreichen klinischen Vignetten zeigt Press, wie Analytiker*innen und Psychotherapeut*innen sich ihren Patient*innen zur Verfügung stellen können, indem sie Erregung, Angst und Hilflosigkeit, Formloses und Negatives – nicht erinnerbare Spuren des Traumas – in sich aufnehmen und halten und sie so einer transformativen Bewegung zugänglich machen. Die Bedeutsamkeit einer Begegnung mit dem Zusammenbruch innerhalb der therapeutischen Beziehung wird dabei betont, denn nur so lassen sich Zugangswege zu traumatischen, symbolisch nicht repräsentierten Erfahrungen, die im Körpererleben gespeichert sind, erschließen.
Psychische Ursachen der Klimakrise
Authors: Weintrobe Sally
Published: August 2023

Sally Weintrobe sieht die Klimakrise vor dem Hintergrund eines grundlegenden Konflikts zwischen einer achtsam-fürsorglichen und einer achtlos-zerstörerischen Weltsicht als Folge eines gestörten Gleichgewichts dieser Kräfte. Dabei richtet sie ihr Augenmerk besonders auf Einflüsse des neoliberalen Exzeptionalismus, der dem latent immer vorhandenen Anspruch, ideal zu sein und Wünsche jeder Art bevorzugt erfüllt zu bekommen, Vorschub leistet. Im Zusammenhang damit steht eine Haltung gegenüber der Natur, die Abhängigkeit leugnet und von grenzenloser Belastbarkeit und Verfügbarkeit derselben ausgeht. Eine Hinwendung zu größerer achtsamer Sorge setzt daher voraus, Abstand zu nehmen von der Ansicht, eine »Ausnahme« zu sein. Durch die Verknüpfung von Beobachtungen und Erfahrungen auf individueller, kultureller, ökonomischer und politischer Ebene ermöglicht Weintrobe die Weitung des Blicks auf die Klimakrise. Bei aller Entschiedenheit in ihren Aussagen bewahrt sie einen reflexiven Ton und hilft, schwierige Wahrheiten auszuhalten und zu containen.
Exploring Thai EFL pre-service teachers’ technology integration based on SAMR model
Authors: Boonmoh Atipat , Kulavichian Intrira
Published: August 2023

This study investigated how Thai EFL pre-service teachers (PSTs) use technology in their classrooms and the level of substitution, augmentation, modification, and redefinition (SAMR) they implement. Seven English education majors enrolled in the course “teaching internship 2” in their fourth year at a Thai university participated in the study. Due to COVID-19, the participants were trained to teach online, but during their teaching practicum, they were required to teach in a traditional on-site setting. Because of this novel arrangement, it was essential to investigate how these PSTs incorporate technology into the classroom. For the purpose of analyzing the process of educational technology integration, this study employed SAMR model. Observations and semi-structured interviews were used as data collection methods. Throughout the semester, observations were conducted twice. SAMR observation form was used to investigate how PSTs used technology in their teaching. Participants were asked to participate in an interview after each observation. The interviews included open-ended questions based on the conceptual framework of SAMR. Observation results show that technological tools were used to engage students, check comprehension, create teaching content, and evaluate students’ understanding. For the study, the participants were divided into three groups based on the extent of technological tools used. One participant was deemed to be in the substitution stage, five participants in the augmentation stage, and only one participant in the modification stage. The results of the interviews indicated that teacher motivation and the availability of ICT equipment, as well as familiarity with technological tools, played a significant role in PSTs’ integration of technology into the classroom. The study’s conclusions are helpful in developing PSTs’ technology integration in EFL classrooms. SAMR model should be introduced to PSTs to let them critically reflect on and develop their own technology integration.
Effectiveness of virtual reality in elementary school: A meta-analysis of controlled studies
Authors: Lara-Alvarez Carlos A. , Parra-González Ezra Federico , Ortiz-Esparza Miguel A. , Cardona-Reyes Héctor
Published: August 2023

Virtual reality (VR) is rapidly gaining popularity and becoming more accessible. Numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of this technology in educational settings. This article provides a summary of the evidence regarding the efficacy of virtual environments for elementary education. A meta-analysis was conducted to combine the findings of independent experimental studies. The studies included in this review were sourced from reputable databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE, ACM, and ScienceDirect. The results indicate that students who learn in a virtual environment achieve higher learning scores compared to those in traditional classrooms (standard mean difference [SMD]=0.64, 95% CI [0.36, 0.92], p<0.001). Additionally, the findings suggest that learning in a tethered VR environment is equally effective as learning through mobile VR. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in scores when different media materials were used for the control group. This review emphasizes the advantages of employing mobile VR for learning in contrast to using tethered VR.
Crisis ecosocial, territorio e iniciativas de acción colectiva en España (2011-2022): estrategias para una transición justa
Authors: Díaz Orueta Fernando
Published: August 2023

El artículo se detiene en la investigación de una serie de iniciativas sociales, fuertemente ancladas en el territorio, que han hecho de la crisis ecosocial su principal campo de actuación. Su impronta ya se hizo evidente en la agenda política de las candidaturas municipalistas que en 2015 alcanzaron el gobierno de distintas ciudades españolas. Más recientemente, el impacto provocado por la pandemia de la COVID-19 y la mayor conciencia social en torno a la crisis ecosocial, unidos al crecimiento de la desigualdad social y territorial, han abierto una nueva etapa en la evolución de estas iniciativas de acción colectiva. El análisis realizado evidencia su protagonismo como actores que intervienen directamente en el territorio tratando de acelerar la transición a través de la puesta en marcha de prácticas innovadoras y de la movilización social. Esta práctica activista no supone la renuncia a influir o incluso, cuando esto es posible, trabajar junto con la administración en el diseño y aplicación de las estrategias de transición.
Black Educators’ Racial Identity Attitudes and Culturally Relevant Pedagogy: A Psychological Framework and Survey of Within-Race Diversity
Authors: Mustafaa Faheemah N.
Published: August 2023

Historically, Black educators have played a critical role in Black youth's well-being. Consequently, they are often assumed to “naturally” engage culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP), obscuring the diverse ways Black individuals identify, think, and behave regarding race and culture. This psychological survey study examines in-service Black educators’ ( N = 238) multidimensional racial identity attitudes, background sociodemographics, and education contexts (postsecondary and current/teaching) in relation to their varied enactments of three CRP domains ( African American Curriculum, Culturally Relevant Teaching, Sociopolitical Commitment). Results show CRP variation across individuals according to their racial identity attitudes, backgrounds, and contexts. The resulting conceptual framework advances research and discourse on teacher race by challenging homogenizing, detrimental narratives. Findings have important implications for teacher workforce diversification, training, and retention.
AFF3 is a Prognostic Biomarker Correlated with Immune Infiltrates in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Jing , Tan Bing , Zhuang Wei , Yu Tenghua , Li Jianglong , He Chongwu
Published: August 2023

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer that cannot be treated with targeted therapies such as endocrine therapy or anti-HER-2 (anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) therapy. In the growth of tumors, AFF3 (AF4/FMR2 family member 3) plays a critical role. This study aims to examine the prognostic value and immune-related functions of AFF3 in TNBC. Methods: In the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from three datasets associated with TNBC. Clinicopathologic characteristics, overall survival (OS) data and gene expression data of TNBC patients were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The Kaplan-Meier analyses and proportional hazards model (Cox) regression were used to assess factors associated with OS, including gene expression levels and clinicopathological factors. Gene Ontology, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were performed for the analysis of biological processes associated with DEGs related to TNBC. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was used to analyze the biological processes associated with AFF3 in TNBC. Twenty-five paired primary TNBC tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumorous tissues were collected from patients at Jiangxi Cancer Hospital (Nanchang, China). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were performed to assess the mRNA and protein expression of AFF3 in these samples. Immune cell infiltration status of 152 TNBC samples was analyzed by CIBERSORT algorithm. Results: Seventy-five DEGs from three TNBC-related gene expression profiles in GEO database. Based on the L1000 fireworks display (L1000FWD) dataset, five small-molecule drugs which were potentially suitable for treating TNBC patients were obtained. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses revealed that low AFF3 expression in TNBC patients was an independent prognostic factor for poor survival. AFF3 expression was comparatively analyzed in 152 TNBC samples. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to examine immune cell infiltration in TNBC tumors, which provided useful insights into the interface between the immune system and TNBC. Conclusions: In TNBC, low AFF3 expression might be predictive of poor survival. AFF3 might provide additional insight into therapeutics in TNBC.
AMPK Mediates Early Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response through a Positive Feedback Loop in Palmitate-Treated Muscle Cells
Authors: Gong Jing , Wang Lu , Tao Wuchen , Pang Xiangsheng , Liu Zonghan , Li Shiming , Li Wenjiong , Chen Xiaoping , Zhang Peng
Published: August 2023

Background: Activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is closely related to the pathogenesis of many metabolic disorders. Accumulating evidence also shows that UPR and metabolic signaling pathways are interdependent. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signal pathway controls the energy balance of eukaryotes. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the possible interaction between AMPK signaling and UPR in muscle cells exposed to saturated fatty acids, as well as the potential mechanism. Methods: The saturated fatty acid palmitate was used to induce UPR in C2C12 myotubes. Compound C or knockdown of AMPKα with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) were used to inhibit the AMPK signaling pathway in palmitate-treated muscle cells. AMPK signaling in myotubes was activated using 5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR) or ex229. C2C12 myotubes were pre-treated with taurourdodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) to inhibit UPR before adding palmitate. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression of UPR markers and activation of AMPK. Results: Palmitate treatment induced UPR in C2C12 myotubes while activating AMPK signaling. Inhibition of the AMPK pathway with compound C or AMPK shRNA reduced palmitate-induced activation of UPR, while inhibition of UPR with TUDCA reduced palmitate-induced AMPK activation. This indicates a positive feedback loop between UPR and AMPK. Furthermore, activation of the AMPK pathway with AICAR or ex229 caused a dose-dependent upregulation of UPR markers, including activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP), and growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 34 (GADD34) protein. Conclusions: These results provide the first evidence that AMPK signaling is involved in the early activation of UPR caused by saturated fatty acids in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, they indicate that physiological or pharmacological activation of the AMPK pathway (e.g., by exercise or phenformin, respectively) can promote muscle health and function, thereby improving the quality of life in individuals with metabolic disorders due to a high-fat diet or obesity.
Rab2 and Rab6 are Implicated in Acrosome Formation during Spermatogenesis in Eriocheir sinensis: Based on Sperm Proteome
Authors: Li Chao , Chen Jiao , Mu Shumei , Zhang Han , Guo Mingshen , Li Yanqin , Zhang Zhaohui , Kang Xianjiang
Published: August 2023

Background: Rab proteins are GTP-dependent small proteins that function as regulators of intracellular vesicle transport, fusion, and localization. However, few studies have investigated their function in Decapoda reproduction. The Eriocheir sinensis sperm has no tail and the nuclei are uncondensed. With the acrosome forming the majority of the sperm mass, it provides an ideal model for studying acrosome formation. Methods: We firstly analyzed the sperm proteome using LC-MS/MS. To study the functions of Rab2 and Rab6, related to the Golgi apparatus, in the acrosome formation during spermatogenesis, the genes of Rab2 and Rab6 were cloned based on the testis transcriptome of E.sinensis and poly-clonal antibodies were prepared. The presence of 2 Rab proteins was confirmed in the testis and sperm by western blot. We further observed the characteristics of target 2 Rab proteins using immunofluorescence (IF). Results: A total of 1247 proteins including 7 Rab proteins, Rab1, Rab2, Rab5, Rab6, Rab11, Rab14, and Rab18 were identified in the sperm proteome. The IF results showed that Rab2 co-localizes with GM130, a cis-Golgi matrix protein, in the spermatagonia and spermatocytes. In the early spermatids, Rab2 and Rab6 participate in the formation of pre-acrosomal vesicles. In maturing spermatids, both Rab2 and Rab6 settle on the acrosomal membrane but present different characteristics wrapping the pre-acrosome. In the mature sperm, Rab2 localizes in the perinuclear theca surrounding the nuclei cup, while Rab6 remains on the acrosomal membrane. Conclusions: Our research found 7 Rab proteins based on the analysis of the sperm proteome in E.sinensis, and confirmed the involvement of Rab2 and Rab6 in acrosome formation. These findings provide a foundation for studying the functions of Rab proteins during spermatogenesis in Decapoda animals.
Myc-Associated Zinc Finger Protein Promotes Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Zheng Chuanjun , Wu Hongmei , Zhang Shidong , Tian Run , Long Hu , Zhang Huixia , Guo Xuefeng , Li Di , Tan Shengkui , Zhu Xiaonian
Published: August 2023

Background: Myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ) plays a role in cancer progression and metastasis. However, the role and underlying molecular mechanism of MAZ in thyroid cancer have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore the clinical significance of MAZ in thyroid cancer tissues, and clarify its mechanism in the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer. Methods: The expression level of MAZ protein in thyroid cancer tissues was detected by bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The relationship between the expression level of MAZ and clinicopathological characteristics of thyroid cancer patients was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression level of MAZ in thyroid cancer cell lines. After MAZ knockdown cell lines were constructed, wound healing and Transwell assays were used to detect the migratory and invasive abilities of cancer cells. Results: The results of IHC showed that the expression level of MAZ protein in thyroid cancer tissues was higher than that in normal adjacent thyroid tissues (p < 0.05), which was consistent with the high expression level of MAZ in thyroid cancer tissues found in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the expression level of MAZ was correlated with tumor diameter and tumor capsule of thyroid cancer patients. Moreover, patients with the high MAZ expression level had shorter overall and disease-free survival compared with thyroid cancer patients with the low MAZ expression level (p < 0.05). Further cell function assays indicated that downregulation of MAZ expression level could inhibit the migration and invasion of thyroid cancer cell lines. Moreover, the expression level of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factor fibronectin 1 (FN1) was obtained from the RNA-seq of MAZ knockdown in thyroid cancer cells. RT-qPCR confirmed that the expression level of FN1 was elevated in MAZ knockdown cell lines (p < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the expression level of FN1 was upregulated in thyroid cancer tissues and had a negative relationship with the expression level of MAZ, as evidenced by correlation analysis. Conclusions: A high expression level of MAZ in thyroid cancer tissues was associated with a poor prognosis of patients. MAZ could affect the progression of thyroid cancer by inducing the EMT process.
Atrial Fibrillation in Adult Congenital Heart Increase Ischemic Stroke Risk Even at Low CHA2DS2-VASc Score
Authors: Lin Yu-Sheng , Huang Yi-Chun , Lin Chia-Pin , Wu Victor Chien-Chia , Kao Yi-Wei , Chiang Hou-Yu , Chu Pao-Hsien
Published: August 2023

Background: The population of adults with congenital heart diseases (ACHDs) is expanding, and atrial fibrillation (AF) emerges as a crucial risk factor for ischemic stroke. However, the evidence regarding the impact of AF on the incidence of ischemic stroke in ACHDs remains limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and effect of AF among ACHDs and assess the suitability of the traditional CHA₂DS₂-VASc score in this specific population. Methods: Data of ACHDs from 2000 to 2010 were retrospectively collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. We divided ACHDs into those with and without AF, and ischemic stroke incidence was studied among ACHD subtypes and those who received anticoagulant therapy with warfarin or not according to CHA₂DS₂-VASc score. Results: 36,530 ACHDs were retrieved from the database. ACHDs had a 4.7–15.3 times higher AF risk than did the general population, which varied based on the age group. ACHDs with AF had 1.45 times higher ischemic stroke risk than those without AF (p = 0.009). Ischemic stroke incidence among ACHDs with AF aged <50 years was 1.46 times higher than those without AF (p = 0.207). Ischemic stroke incidence was over 1.47% even in those with a low CHA₂DS₂-VASc score (0–1) with or without anticoagulant therapy. Conclusions: During the 12-year follow-up, ACHDs with AF were found to have an increased risk of ischemic stroke. The ischemic stroke incidence was high, even in those with a low CHA₂DS₂-VASc score (0–1).
Coronary Artery Disease in CKD-G5D Patients: An Update
Authors: Gao Pan , Zou Xingjian , Sun Xin , Zhang Chun
Published: August 2023

Patients with chronic kidney disease treated by dialysis (CKD-G5D) are characterized by a high prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Such patients differ from non-uremic CAD patients and have been excluded from several clinical CAD trials. CKD-G5D patients may be asymptomatic for their CAD, making their risk stratification and management challenging. This review will focus on the incidence, epidemiology, pathophysiology, screening tools, and management/treatment of CAD in CKD-G5D patients. It will also review recent studies concerning the screening tools and management strategies available for these patients. The need for improved evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors, screening and early intervention for symptomatic CAD in CKD-G5D patients will be highlighted.
Disfagia orofaríngea neurogénica: concepto, fisiopatología, clínica y terapéutica
Authors: Suárez-Escudero Juan Camilo , Lema Porto Karla Sofia , Palacio Patiño Daniela , Izquierdo Moreno Manuela , Bedoya Londoño Claudia Liliana
Published: August 2023

el acto de tragar va más allá de un fenómeno mecánico. Es un proceso altamente complejo, elaborado y modelado por varios niveles del sistema nervioso. Su alteración es consecuencia directa o complicación asociada de varias patologías, donde sobresale la disfagia orofaríngea por etiología funcional de origen neurológico y neuromuscular. Es objetivo actualizar el conocimiento sobre los fundamentos y concepto de la disfagia orofaríngea neurogénica, y proveer información de utilidad clínica de sus principales causas. Los trastornos neurológicos son responsables del 70% al 80% de la etiología de la disfagia orofaríngea. Se produce principalmente por el accidente cerebrovascular, enfermedad de Parkinson, esclerosis múltiple, esclerosis lateral amiotrófica y traumatismo encéfalo craneano. Conclusiones: La disfagia orofaríngea neurogénica resulta de lesiones en cualquier parte de los circuitos y estructuras centrales entre la corteza cerebral y los componentes periféricos de la deglución, y los déficits fisiológicos son variados. La comprensión conceptual, fisiopatológica y de características clínicas de las principales causas de disfagia neurogénica ayudan a los equipos asistenciales para realizar acciones de detección, diagnóstico, tratamiento y rehabilitación oportuna.
Novel hybrid model to improve the monthly streamflow prediction: Integrating ANN and PSO
Authors: Abdul Kareem Baydaa , Zubaidi Salah L.
Published: August 2023

Precise streamflow forecasting is crucial when designing water resource planning and management, predicting flooding, and reducing flood threats. This study invented a novel approach for the monthly water streamflow of the Tigris River in Amarah City, Iraq, by integrating an artificial neural network (ANN) with the particle swarm optimisation algorithm (PSO), depending on data preprocessing. Historical streamflow data were utilised from (2010 to 2020). The primary conclusions of this study are that data preprocessing enhances data quality and identifies the optimal predictor scenario. In addition, it was revealed that the PSO algorithm effectively forecasts the parameters of the suggested model. Also, the outcomes indicated that the suggested approach successfully simulated the streamflow according to multiple statistical criteria, including R2, RMSE, and MAE.
Thermomineral Waters as Curative Properties in Yalama-Nabran Resort Zone of Azerbaijan
Authors: Salakhov Sakhavat
Published: August 2023

The article deals with the natural healing resources of the thermomineral waters of the Yalama-Nabran zone. The relevance of the work is determined by the presence of huge reserves of medicinal waters with a rich microelement composition for internal and external use. The characteristic of thermomineral waters of the studied region is given. The increased content of bromine, boron and other microcomponents in these waters, as well as the high temperature, make it possible for them to be widely and effectively used as a balneotherapeutic factor for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.
Racial Threat in Public Social Spaces
Authors: Riaz Sascha , Roemer Tobias
Published: August 2023

We examine the electoral effects of exposure to ethnic diversity in public social spaces. We study the case of public swimming pools in Germany, where intergroup relations have become increasingly politicized in recent years. Our empirical analysis combines (i) information on the geolocation of all public pools in Germany, (ii) a high-frequency panel survey of more than 240,000 voters, and (iii) a novel survey on threat perceptions in public pools. Using a difference-in-differences design that leverages the seasonality of outdoor swimming pools for causal identification, we estimate that exposure to ethnic diversity in public pools increases far-right support by about 0.8 percentage points. Additional panel analyses suggest that these results are driven by an increase in the issue salience of immigration relative to taxes and redistribution. Our findings lend credence to the racial threat hypothesis in politicized public social spaces that do not meet Allport's conditions for positive intergroup contact.
State and trait cognitions differentially affect cyclicity of mood and cortisol in women with and without Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Authors: Nayman Sibel , Schricker Isabelle F. , Reinhard Iris , Dreer Janina Kim , Richter Annika S. , Kuehner Christine
Published: August 2023

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is characterized by a cyclical symptom course. Previous research provides limited findings on possible menstrual-cycle-related psychological and psychoen-docrinological processes in PMDD. By using Ambulatory Assessment (AA), we aimed to compare mood and cortisol cyclicity in women with PMDD and healthy controls (HC), and to assess effects of habitual and momentary repetitive-negative-thinking (RNT) and present-moment-awareness (PMA) on mood and cortisol across the cycle in both groups. Women with PMDD and HCs (n = 60 each) completed baseline questionnaires on habitual RNT and PMA. Momentary rumination and PMA, positive and negative affect, and saliva-cortisol were assessed over four consecutive days during both the follicular and the late-luteal phase. Women with PMDD showed mood cyclicity indi-cating mood worsening while HCs showed cortisol cyclicity indicating decreasing cortisol levels to-ward the late-luteal phase. In women with PMDD, lower habitual RNT and higher habitual PMA predicted better mood only during the follicular phase whereas lower momentary rumination and higher momentary PMA predicted better mood during the late-luteal phase. No effects on cortisol activity were found. In HCs, higher habitual PMA predicted lower negative affect during the late-luteal phase whereas lower momentary rumination and higher momentary PMA predicted strong-er cortisol reduction toward the late-luteal phase. While favorable habitual cognitions might not protect women with PMDD against premenstrual mood deterioration, respective momentary cog-nitions may reflect possible protective factors, suggesting an opportunity for micro-interventions to directly target late-luteal-phase-specific state processes in affected women. The lack of cortisol cyclicity might represent an endocrinological marker for PMDD.
Moral Future-Thinking: Does the Moral Circle Stand the Test of Time?
Authors: Law Kyle Fiore , Syropoulos Stylianos , Coleman Matthew B , Gainsburg Izzy , O'Connor Brendan Bo
Published: August 2023

The long-term collective welfare of humanity may lie in the hands of those who are presently living. But do people normatively feel concern for and include future generations in their moral circles? Five studies conducted on Prolific Academic (NTotal=1,652) find evidence for a progressive decline in the subjective moral standing of future generations, demonstrating decreasing perceived moral obligation, moral concern, and prosocial intentions towards other people with increasing temporal distance. While participants generally tend to display present-oriented moral preferences, we also reveal individual differences that mitigate this tendency and predict pro-future outcomes, including individual variation in longtermism beliefs and the vividness of one’s imagination. Our studies reconcile conflicting evidence in the extant literature on moral judgment and future-thinking, shed light on the role of temporal distance in moral circle expansion, and offer practical implications for better valuing and safeguarding the shared future of humanity.
Infants who are rarely spoken to nevertheless understand many words
Authors: Foushee Ruthe , Srinivasan Mahesh
Published: August 2023

Theories of language development---informed largely by studies of Western, middle-class infants---have highlighted the language that caregivers direct to children as a key driver of language learning. However, some have argued that language development unfolds similarly across environmental contexts, including those in which child-directed language is scarce. This raises the possibility that children adapt their learning strategies to the language available in their environments, such that some children come to rely on speech that they overhear. We explore this hypothesis with infants in an indigenous Tseltal-speaking community in Southern Mexico, who are rarely spoken to, yet overhear a great deal of other-directed language by virtue of being carried on their mothers' backs. Adapting a previously-established gaze-tracking method for detecting early word knowledge to our field setting, we find that, like Western infants, Tseltal infants exhibit implicit knowledge of high-frequency nouns (Exp. 1). Moreover, they exhibit comprehension of Tseltal honorific terms used to greet adults in the community (Exp. 2). Notably, these honorific terms represent language that could only have been acquired through overhearing, and infants' task performance demonstrates an ability to discriminate highly similar stimuli at an earlier age than has been shown among Western children. Together, these results suggest that for some infants, learning from overhearing may be an important path toward developing language.
A New View on Radical Innovation
Authors: Frenken Koen , Punt Matthijs B.
Published: August 2023

In innovation studies a fundamental distinction lies between incremental and radical innovation. However, our understanding of radical innovation faces limitations in two respects. Firstly, research generally has concentrated on technological innovation by firms diffusing through markets. Secondly, current theorizing lacks a clear definition of radical innovation, with terms like 'radical,' 'breakthrough,' and 'disruptive' often being used interchangeably. To address these shortcomings, we propose a broader approach to radical innovation based on an institutional-theoretical perspective. In particular, we start from the notion of the 'categorical imperative', penalizing innovations that don't align with established categories individuals use to comprehend the world and establish expectations. This institutional approach facilitates the theoretical differentiation between innovations taking place within existing categories and those that redefine categories or establish new categories, thereby unifying concepts of incremental, breakthrough, disruptive, and radical innovation under a comprehensive theoretical framework. We argue that this approach offers a framework to distinguish and compare various innovation terminologies and theories. Furthermore, it allows for more comprehensive innovation theories, extending beyond biases towards technology, firms and markets.
Estimators for Topic-Sampling Designs
Authors: Clifford Scott , Rainey Carlisle
Published: August 2023

When researchers design an experiment, they usually hold potentially relevant features of the experiment constant. We call these details the “topic” of the experiment. For example, researchers studying the impact of party cues on attitudes must inform respondents of the parties’ positions on a particular policy. In doing so, researchers implement just one of many possible designs. Clifford, Leeper, and Rainey (2023) argue that researchers should implement many of the possible designs in parallel—what they call “topic sampling”—to generalize to a larger population of topics. We describe two estimators for topic-sampling designs. First, we describe a nonparametric estimator of the typical effect that is unbiased under the assumptions of the design. Second, we describe a hierarchical model that researchers can use to describe the heterogeneity. We suggest describing the heterogeneity across topics in three ways: (1) the standard deviation in treatment effects across topics, (2) the treatment effects for particular topics, and (3) how the treatment effects for particular topics vary with topic-level predictors. We evaluate the performance of the hierarchical model using the Strengthening Democracy Challenge megastudy and show that the hierarchical model works well.
Rethinking "causality" in Quantitative Human Geography
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wolf Levi John
Published: August 2023

Causality is at the core of much contemporary discussion in social sciences, philosophy, and computer science—from the establishment of basic definitions of causality to developing methods for causal inference, this discussion is increasingly finding voice within geographical literature. However, geographers have long discussed (and differed) about the role “causality” plays in our work. We present a history of contemporary definitions of causality arising from philosophy, and examine how these intellectual currents interact with past and present geographical thinking about causal relations. We focus in particular on how new counterfactual thinking about causality can help re-route inquiry around a well-known impasse: “laws” of geography. Then, we outline the kinds of new scholarship enabled by counterfactual causality and contemporary challenges that counterfactual causality faces in spatial analytics. Throughout, we refer interested readers to contemporary work on spatial causal inference, methods useful for scholars interested in analysing causal relationships in geographical systems.
Geographic Circumscription and State Absolutism
Authors: Dasanaike Noah
Published: August 2023

That natural geography played some role in early state-building is well-established, yet the longue durée consequences of this decisive factor largely remain a mystery. Of particular note is the focus of Carneiro (1970) on the role of geographic circumscription, where arable land is surrounded by natural geographic barriers such as mountains and deserts, in facilitating early statehood. After contributing to the emergence of the modern polity, how has geographic circumscription continued to shape the state? I present evidence from the Old World and China that geographic circumscription encouraged rulers to divest resources away from military capacity towards other components of the central state apparatus, facilitating absolutism. Measuring the circumscription of approximately 30,000 polity observations between 1200 and 1800, I demonstrate that countries today with more historical geographical circumscription (through their ancestral polities) have smaller militaries and larger governments as a function of total population and domestic production, respectively.
Media platforming and the normalisation of extreme right views
Authors: Bolet Diane , Foos Florian
Published: August 2023

As extreme political views gain popularity and acceptability, the conditions under which media exposure to extreme right views contributes to this process, and strategies to counter media-induced persuasion and normalisation effects, remain unclear. Using population-based experiments leveraging real-world interviews with extreme right activists on Sky News UK and Australia, we test if media exposure leads to higher agreement with extreme right statements. We also test if exposure affects perceptions of how many others agree with these statements. Our findings are consistent across both countries: exposure to uncritical interviews increases agreement with extreme statements and perceptions of broader support in the population. Testing the media strategy in the UK, we find that critical interviewing tarnishes the activist’s image and reduces effects but still heightens perceived support for extreme statements. This study identifies a mechanism through which extreme political ideas spread and offers insights into media strategies to counteract persuasion and normalisation effects.
The Liar’s Dividend: Can Politicians Claim Misinformation to Evade Accountability?
Authors: Schiff Kaylyn Jackson , Schiff Daniel S. , Bueno Natalia
Published: August 2023

This study addresses the phenomenon of misinformation about misinformation, or politicians "crying wolf"' over fake news. Strategic and false claims that stories are fake news or deepfakes may benefit politicians by helping them maintain support after a scandal. We posit that this benefit, known as the "liar's dividend," may be achieved through two politician strategies: by invoking informational uncertainty or by encouraging oppositional rallying of core supporters. We administer five survey experiments to over 15,000 American adults detailing hypothetical politician responses to stories describing real politician scandals. We find that claims of misinformation representing both strategies raise politician support across partisan subgroups. These strategies are effective against text-based reports of scandals, but are largely ineffective against video evidence and do not reduce general trust in media. Finally, these false claims produce greater dividends for politicians than alternative responses to scandal, such as remaining silent or apologizing.
Prophets Without Honor: From Galileo to Looney
Authors: Meyers Bob
Published: August 2023

There are many ideas in the annals of science that were once ridiculed because they deviated from established “truth,” only to be rehabilitated with the passage of time. Among them: Galileo (1564-1642), punished by the Pope with house arrest for challenging the Ptolemaic theory -- a theory taught by Aristotle -- that the sun revolves around the earth; Alfred Wegener (1880-1930), who developed the theory of the movement of continental drift (later known as tectonic plates), to explain why matching prehistoric fossils could be found in places such as Europe and South America, with no known land bridges connecting them; J. Harlan Bretz (1882-1981) who showed that only cataclysmic floods could explain erosion and land formation in the Pacific Northwest, rather than the then-current theory of gradualism and “uniformitarianism.” Senior scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey in 1927 humiliated him in public; Ignaz Semelweiss (1818-1865) observed that the incidence of “childbed fever” could be significantly reduced by the use of hand disinfectant in obstetrical clinics, c. 1847. He could not provide a medical explanation beyond his observation that maternal mortality was reduced to only 1% when hand washing with disinfectant was used. He was ridiculed for going against received medical practice and committed to an asylum by colleagues after supposedly suffering a nervous breakdown. There he was beaten by guards and died from an untreated gangrenous wound. It was not until Louis Pasteur confirmed the germ theory of disease and Joseph Lister showed the benefits of surgery using hygienic methods that his life-saving observations were credited. One can add to this list the name of J. Thomas Looney (1870-1944) who began researching the question of whether the name “Shakespeare” could be a pseudonym and, if so, who the author really was. Basing his work on attributes in the plays that might match little-known poets of the Elizabethan era with the real author, he identified Edward de Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford, as the man responsible in his book Shakespeare Identified published in 1920. Criticized almost immediately, his research has nevertheless stood the test of time, with more and more people worldwide now arguing for Oxford in a debate that continues unabated. This paper looks at these personal histories as well as the psychology of why “authorities” feel a need to immediately reject challenges to established positions.
Shakespeare and the French Lens
Authors: Waugaman Elisabeth
Published: August 2023

Academic studies of Shakespeare in Great Britain and France present the historian with startling contrasts. Beginning in the late 18th century, the English debated the extent of his knowledge and eventually turned the poet-playwright into a national hero and secular saint. When Thomas Carlyle published in 1840 On Heroes, Hero Worship, and the Heroic in History, he actually stated that Shakespeare was “an unconscious intellect” whose dramas “grew up out of Nature.” Carlyle’s book was an incredible success, deifying the uneducated and untraveled man from Stratford, making him a religious Anglo-Saxon icon never to be questioned. Some had their doubts. In France in 1918, Professor Abel Lefranc, a renowned Renaissance scholar and member of the Académie française, published Sous le masque de William Shakespeare, a volume that tried to prove “to all those with an open mind” that the author William Shakespeare could not have been Shakspere of Stratford-upon-Avon. Among his reasons: William Shakespeare knew France, the French aristocracy and French history too well. Leaving aside the author’s missing paper trail, inconceivable for the “soul of the age,” Lefranc examined Shakespeare’s works in extraordinary detail and revealed just how political they were and how often they subtly commented on a much wider European culture and politics. Shakespeare’s oeuvre, he argued, was not limited to the Anglo-Saxon world but was actually multi-national and deeply influenced by France. English scholars did not handle this French questioning of Shakespeare so well. Indeed, with only a few exceptions, Lefranc’s work was ignored in the Anglo-Saxon world. Lefranc argued that the plays needed to be re-examined as creations for the Elizabethan court, making clear references to what was actually happening in France at the time. This essay argues that the significance of Shakespeare’s knowledge of French courtly politics and culture should not be underestimated because there are no records that the man from Stratford ever left England or knew French. That is, once the profound French influence is recognized in Shakespeare’s plays, the man from Stratford could not have been the author.
The Queen’s Favorite Unknown Dramatist: Were There Other Royal Plays By Shakespeare? A Research Inquiry
Authors: Chiljan Katherine
Published: August 2023

Surviving records of Queen Elizabeth’s revels briefly list performance dates, expenses, and sometimes titles of plays and masques that she had seen. Evidence suggests that, sometimes under titles different from the ones we know, the queen viewed at least 18 different Shakespeare plays – about half the canon – clearly proving him as her favorite dramatist. The most obvious example is royal performances of The History of Error in 1577 and 1583, and Shakespeare’s The Comedy of Errors. King James, Elizabeth’s successor, saw at least 17 Shakespeare plays. Yet no evidence exists that either monarch knew, met or corresponded with anyone named William Shakespeare. And no one in the court of either Elizabeth or James ever claimed to have known William Shakspere of Stratford-upon-Avon during his lifetime or had anything to say when he died. This blankness supports the notion that the name was a pseudonym for someone wishing to remain publicly anonymous. This essay – and its attached research inquiry – examines the plays and masques performed at Elizabeth’s court and suggests that many of them were actually Shakespeare plays. If so, then they precede traditional Shakespeare play composition dates by a decade or more, which, in many cases, would invalidate the Stratford man’s authorship, and favor the idea that the true author was writing anonymously.
‘Red Evas.’ Soviet emancipation in the interwar Polish press
Authors: Sobieska A. E.
Published: August 2023

The article dwells on portrayals of Russian women in the interwar discourse of the Polish press. The study attempts to reinterpret them and deconstruct the gender stereotypes responsible for inaccuracies in the depictions. Analysis of the assessments offered for the phenomenon of post-1917 Soviet emancipation by the interwar Polish press (national-Catholic, leftist, and feminist publications) centres on discussions of emancipation in the labour market and Russian women taking over typically masculine roles. Among the ‘female’ topics directly related to the perception of the new Soviet culture was the ‘Soviet experiment:’ women gained access to what used to be exclusively male professions. Sadly, reports of Soviet emancipation in the selected titles often boil down to a few suggestions about changes in the Soviet woman’s life described as Bolshevik manipulations. It appears, therefore, that Polish-Russian cultural contacts were compromised by the Polish disorientating gender role models and related ideas of the Polish identity, distorted by the misogyny, nationalism, patriarchalism, and Catholic traditions of Polish culture.
On the poetics of emotions and the world’s tenderness in V. Nabokov’s short story Beneficence [Blagost]
Authors: Ułanek M.
Published: August 2023

The article analyses and interprets the short story Beneficence [Blagost] (1924), penned by V. Nabokov during his Berlin period of emigration. The author selected the short story for several reasons. Firstly, it appeals as an example of genre transformation of a love story and demonstrates the multidimensionality of the concept of love; secondly, the protagonist arouses interest as an empathetic narrator whose utterances reveal a complex structure; and thirdly, due to the ways in which the meaning of the title correlates with the decoded concept of the world’s tenderness. The writer’s strategy and the poetics of emotions uncover the core meaning of a reminiscence as a cognitive act and transformation of the hero’s consciousness, i. e., his understanding of love and happiness. The protagonist proceeds to discover happiness on a different plane of existence — in the relationship of ‘me and the world,’ in the harmony of the universe, and in the convergence of the micro- and macrocosms. Taking this into account, it appears that Nabokov’s portrayal of tenderness is endowed with a sacred meaning and reaches completion in the formula ‘me for the Other.’
The Third All-Russian Congress of Military-Industrial Committees in 1917
Authors: Rudneva Svetlana Evgenevna
Published: August 2023

The chapter examines the history of the Third All-Russian Congress of Military-Industrial Committees in May 1917, in the conditions of the ongoing World War I, in a difficult period after the February Revolution of 1917 in Russia. It was in industry that, in the circumstances of wartime, all the organizing threads that ensured the integrity of the national organism and resistance to various destructive phenomena were concentrated. To maintain the normal course of production, assistance was required from all the organized forces of the country that were close to this case. First of all, this was to be expected from the military-industrial organization, which formed a coherent wide network of institutions – local and regional committees, headed by the central one. The research uses the methods of scientific search: concrete historical, problem-chronological, systematization and comparative analysis of the material. It is shown that the III All-Russian Congress of Representatives of the Military-Industrial committees, who for two years were at the head of the military industry, certainly could not pass by the disturbing issues of the moment that required immediate resolution.