bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polytypologism of the adjectival system in analytical English and synthetic Ukrainian
Authors:   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Fomichova Valeriia
Published: September 2022

The article provides a brief description of the main terms of morphological structural-typological classification. It determines typological properties (synthetism, analytism, amorphism) in the adjectival systems of the synthetic Ukrainian and analytical English languages. The article identifies the current proportion as well as changes in the history of the languages. The reasons for these changes and the possible impact on the general typological qualification of the morphological system are established. The Ukrainian adjectival system is consistently synthetic. Its peripheral amorphism is represented by non-declinable adjectives with certain semantics. Amorphization changes have also been found in the history of the language. Analytism is found only in the paradigm of forms of the degree of comparison. Significant typological changes have taken place in the English adjectival system. Originally, the Old English language had a synthetic adjectival system with an extensive paradigm. The modern adjective does not have inflection, and therefore, amorphism became its dominant type in language. The only observations of peripheral analytism and syntheticism are in the forms of the degree of comparison. The main causes of typological changes, mainly amorphization, in the adjectival systems of both languages are intra-linguistic, i. e. caused by the laws and necessity of the language.
Phrases of western podil divinations with the motives of finding a child
Authors:   Kamianets-Podilskyi Ivan Ohiienko National University, Bodnar Tetiana
Published: September 2022

The article, based on the analysis of field ethnographic, folklore, dialectological data from Podillya, considers the nominations of traditional Ukrainian rites associated with the birth of a child, compares the phraseological units with the motive of finding a child. The material of the research was the author's records of phraseology according to a special program-questionnaire on the territory of Western Podillya (southern districts of Khmelnytsky region and eastern districts of Ternopil region). Emphasis is placed on the constant expressions of the traditional birth rite with attention to semantics, elements of spiritual and material culture. There are four groups of FD with the motive of finding a child: in different natural and landscape formations; in the aquatic environment, or nearby structures; in the building, its parts, adjacent buildings, household items, clothing (shoes); to denote a gift (tossing, sending, bringing, buying). Each group of FDs is divided into subgroups, which allow a clearer division of phrases on a figurative basis. Ethnographic dictionaries clarify the symbolism of the components of phraseological units: peas, cabbage, burdock, water, stork, angel, egg, well, river. It is determined that among the studied phraseological units the components with the highest variability of the child are distinguished by birds. A significant number of verbs to denote ways to find a child (found, bought, caught, brought, caught, got out, etc.) was found.
Peculiarities of the use of phraseological units in the modern communicative process (on the example of the phraseology of the Middle Polissia)
Authors:   CI ", Dobroliozha Halyna ,   Zhytomyr Regional Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education",   of the Zhytomyr Regional Council
Published: September 2022

The article reveals the influence of phraseology on the outcome of communication between people, in particular between a significant adult and a child. The author noted that at certain stages of the research, phraseological units were worked out in different directions, but today the ecolinguistic vector of language material processing, which considers language as a component of the system of mutual existence of man, society and nature, is becoming more and more widespread and recognized. The purpose of the article is to determine the level of linguistics in the communicative communication of speakers using dialectal idioms, which have become the object of scientific research. In communicative texts, speakers avoid the use of idioms, as they are characterized by excessive expressiveness, and this is a sign of linguocynicism. In the scientific works of predecessors – linguists and teachers – it was emphasized that idioms are taught and educated, but now there is an understanding that idioms used during communication offend, ridicule, embitter the interlocutor. It is especially important to avoid linguocynic expressions in communication with children, because they are the most vulnerable category, moreover, dependent on a significant adult. Parents and teachers should give up being witty and precocious, characterizing the appearance and behavior of the child, instead, it is worth verbally motivating the child in a positive way.
Insurance company «Dnister» and Ukrainian language issues
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Sokil Bohdan
Published: September 2022

After the so-called «Spring of Nations», Ukrainians in Halychyna tried to revive their national life. In addition to the political party «Main Ruska Rada», the educational organization «Halytsko-Ruska Matytsa», and some others, Halychynians set up the Ukrainian insurance company «Dniester», which was to protect the economic interests of Ukrainians in Halychyna. While communicating with local governments, the Society drew their attention to the implementation of current laws on the use of the Ukrainian language. The Society «People's Council» paid special attention to the functioning of the language in the main state local bodies, in particular in the Lviv City Hall and the Finance Directorate. It is with these institutions that the insurance company most often dealt, defending the daily needs of the local population. The Society «People's Counsil» considered these bodies to be political institutions that, in their relations with citizens, had to comply with the current regulations on the Ukrainian language as the government language. Local governments neglected the Ukrainian language, and this gave «Dniester» grounds to complain to higher authorities, including the High Tribunal in Vienna, the Lviv Governorate and so on. Despite the fact that these institutions issued orders in favor of the Ukrainian language, local governments did not comply with them.
Lexical oppositions in V. Bazilevsky’s poetic idiolect
Authors:   Higher Educational Establishment of Ukoopspilka ", Bobukh Nadiia ,   Poltava University of Economics and Trade"
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the lexical oppositions in V. Bazilevsky’s poetic dictionary. The productivity of antonymic pairs, the components of which represent the religious ideas of a person: soul – body, spirit – body, and heaven – hell, is traced. Individual authorial genitive metaphors typical for the artist’s idiostyle, based on semantically opposed lexemes, which testify to the originality of the poetic perception of the world, have been identified. The poetic contexts, in which the direct and figurative meanings of antonymic polysemes are realized, are described. With the help of the parallel use of direct and figurative meanings of contrasting lexemes, the author achieves a specific sensory image. Individually authored antonymic phrases for common sayings (black world – white world, angel of existence – angel of death, room of laughter – room of tears) that enrich the poetic language have been identified. Syntactic and stylistic constructions that enhance the expressiveness of linguistic contrast are characterized: 1) parcellation; 2) identification of depicted contrasting phenomena; 3) denial of depicted contrasting phenomena; 4) chiasm; 5) refrain; 6) anepiphora; 7) constructions based on double opposition. The analysis of the actual material proved that antitheses in the studied texts are a productive means of creating contrasting characteristics of characters, conveying polar emotions, emphasizing the contrast of depicted objects and phenomena of objective reality, etc. Productivity in the poetic idiolect of V. Bazilevsky of oppositions, which ensure the creation of polar images and pictures of the surrounding world, testifies to antithetical thinking, a multifaceted idea of the complexity and contradictions of human life, a sharpened author’s perception of reality, and a tendency to reflection.
Ukrainian language as a linguistic integrator (Pavlo Hrytsenko abut the Ukrainian language)
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Hlukhovtseva Kateryna , Hlukhovtseva Iryna ,   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University
Published: September 2022

The article systematizes the positions of Pavel Yefimovich Hrytsenko on the development and functioning of the Ukrainian language, which he constantly defends in his Journalism, reveals the connection with modern linguistic research, shows the depth of their coverage, the legality of bringing it up for discussion, expediency, and so on. We believe that by updating and popular scientific presentation of the origin of the Ukrainian language, clarifying its functions as the state language, the scientist lays the foundations for the theoretical foundations of deep language construction in a democratic society. It is proved that the central place in Pavlo Hrytsenko’s journalism is occupied by issues related to the general features of the Ukrainian language as a communicative system. The scientist interprets it as a powerful system of systems that, during the long development of a word and the form-formation, accumulated mechanisms of self-preservation and self-improvement, which ensured its gradual evolution. The Ukrainian language is holographic, it is the genetic code of the nation, because it is closely connected with the mentality of the people, their culture. The technical arsenal of a language (words, their combinations, sound structure, grammar) is a means of expressing cultural information content. The Ukrainian language is autochthonous. It belongs to the highly developed old-written languages and occupies a medial place among Slavic languages on the geographical map. Pavlo Hrytsenko pays a lot of attention to the development of the Ukrainian language as the state language. He emphasizes that it is the only state language in Ukraine, a language integrator that serves all spheres of communication and unites the state, is a means of international understanding and integration. In 1991, when the status of Ukraine as a state changed, the national language code changed. Instead of Russian-Ukrainian bilingualism, a single state language was introduced, which became the Ukrainian language. Now we can say that in Ukraine there is a gradual, not always painless process of approving this language code. Pavlo Hrytsenko pays a lot of attention to issues that concern the public. Ukraine, despite all the assessments, was and remains an intellectual country, and the Ukrainian language is a developed and multi – functional language, rich in linguistic means of expressing thoughts and traditions of their use.
Number of Response Options, Reliability, Validity, and Potential Bias in the Use of the Likert Scale Education and Social Science Research: A Literature Review
Authors: Kusmaryono Imam , Wijayanti Dyana , Maharani Hevy Risqi
Published: September 2022

This study reviews 60 papers using a Likert scale and published between 2012 – 2021. Screening for literature review uses the PRISMA method. The data analysis technique was carried out through data extraction, then synthesized in a structured manner using the narrative method. To achieve credible research results at the stage of the data collection and data analysis process, a group discussion forum (FGD) was conducted. The findings show that only 10% of studies use a measurement scale with an even answer choice category (4, 6, 8, or 10 choices). In general, (90%) of research uses a measurement instrument that involves a Likert scale with odd response choices (5, 7, 9, or 11) and the most popular researchers use a Likert scale with a total response of 5 points. The use of a rating scale with an odd number of responses of more than five points (especially on a seven-point scale) is the most effective in terms of reliability and validity coefficients, but if the researcher wants to direct respondents to one side, then a scale with an even number of responses (six points) is possible. more suitable. The presence of response bias and central tendency bias can affect the validity and reliability of the use of the Likert scale instrument.
A study protocol for community implementation of a new mental health monitoring system spanning early childhood to young adulthood
Authors: Cleary Joyce , Nolan Catherine , Guhn Martin , Thomson Kimberly C. , Barker Sophie , Deane Camille , Greenwood Christopher J. , Harper Julia Tulloh , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Letcher Primrose , Macdonald Jacqui A. , Hutchinson Delyse , Spry Elizabeth A. , O’Connor Meredith , Carr Vaughan , Green Melissa , Peachey Tom , Toumbourou John W. , Hosking Jane , Nelson Jerri , Williams Joanne , Zubrick Stephen R. , Sanson Ann , Lycett Kate , Olsson Craig A.
Published: September 2022

Findings from longitudinal research, globally, repeatedly emphasise the importance of taking an early life course approach to mental health promotion; one that invests in the formative years of development, from early childhood to young adulthood, just prior to the transition to parenthood for most. While population monitoring systems have been developed for this period, they are typically designed for use within discrete stages (i.e., childhood or adolescent or young adulthood). No system has yet captured development across all ages and stages (i.e., from infancy through to young adulthood). Here we describe the development, and pilot implementation, of a new Australian Comprehensive Monitoring System (CMS) designed to address this gap by measuring social and emotional development (strengths and difficulties) across eight census surveys, separated by three yearly intervals (infancy, 3-, 6-, 9- 12-, 15-, 18 and 21 years). The system also measures the family, school, peer, digital and community social climates in which children and young people live and grow. Data collection is community-led and built into existing, government funded, universal services (Maternal Child Health, Schools and Local Learning and Employment Networks) to maximise response rates and ensure sustainability. The first system test will be completed and evaluated in rural Victoria, Australia, in 2022. CMS will then be adapted for larger, more socio-economically diverse regional and metropolitan communities, including Australian First Nations communities. The aim of CMS is to guide community-led investments in mental health promotion from early childhood to young adulthood, setting secure foundations for the next generation.
In situ degradation of dairy cattle feedstuffs using reusable local nylon fabric bags
Authors: Despal Despal , Alifianty Ouldya Fasya , Pratama Adinda Putri , Febrianti Fransiska , Evvyernie Dwierra , Wijayanti Indah , Nuraina Norma , Agustiyani Indri , Rosmalia Annisa
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim: Disposable imported nylon bags used in an in situ digestibility measurement restrict the effort of scientists to obtain more accurate information about ruminant feed quality due to their low affordability and environmentally unfriendly characteristics. This study aimed to find reusable local nylon fabrics to substitute imports.

Materials and Methods: Five local fabrics (B1 = Abutai, B2 = Taffeta, B3 = Organza, B4 = N57, and B5 = M100) were used to make nylon bags and compared with the imported bag (B6 = Ankom technology). The research consisted of three steps: (1) Observing the similarity of the local nylon bag's hole number to the imported bag. (2) Testing feed in situ degradation (F1 = Napier grass, F2 = Cornmeal, and F3 = Dairy cattle total mixed ration) using bags B1–B6. (3) The reusability of the bag was tested using different washing methods (under running water [R1], rinse [R2], and ultrasonic water bath [R3]).

Results: It was shown that the hole numbers of B1 (1223 hole numbers) and B2 (1245 hole numbers) were not significantly different from B6 (1248 hole numbers). It was shown with dry matter degradability measurement using the in situ method that there was no significant difference in feed solubility (a), potential degradability (b), and the effective degradation between local fabrics (B1–B5) and B6. According to the degradation rate (c), there were interactions between the feeds and fabrics. For F1, all local fabrics were similar to B6, while for F2, only B1 was different from B6. For F3, only B5 was different from B6. It was also shown by the organic matter degradability measurements that there was a similar trend. The exception was the solubility (a) component in F3, in which it was shown that B1 was also different from B6. It was shown in the reusable test that there was no difference in the weight of the bag before and after all washing methods. In contrast, the hole number increased due to the shrinking of the bag after drying in a 60°C oven.

Conclusion: According to this in situ study, local nylon bag B2 can substitute imported bags. A lower drying temperature is suggested to prevent shrinking and make the bag reusable.
Association between satisfaction and performance in franchise networks: a study from the perspective of correspondence analysis
Authors: Viana Thalia Rodrigues , Azevedo Ana Cláudia , Pereira Rafael Morais
Published: September 2022

Objective: to analyze the associative relationship between the performance of franchise networks and the level of satisfaction of franchisees, under the hypothesis that the level of satisfaction of franchisees has a positive association with the performance of the network. Methodology/approach: operationally, descriptive and documentary research with a quantitative approach was carried out in 106 Brazilian franchise networks from 12 different sectors comprising 20,261 franchised units. The data, referring to the fiscal year 2019, were compiled from yearbooks edited and audited by the Brazilian Franchising Association and Serasa Experian (PEGN). The categorical variables used in the research were: (i) network performance, (ii) franchisee satisfaction, (iii) network age, (iv) network size, and (v) franchise rate. Main results: through descriptive statistics and application of the exploratory technique of Correspondence Analysis, the study results confirm that the franchisee's satisfaction has a positive association with the network performance. Theoretical/ methodological contributions: these results contribute to the robustness of scientific research on franchising, specifically in the field of study on the relationship between franchisor and franchisee. Relevance/originality: this study empirically validates an association proposed in the literature involving satisfaction and performance in the context of franchises. Social/management contributions: this study also offers managerial input by reinforcing the importance of franchisors supporting their franchisees.
Patterns of Care Utilization and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance: Tracking Care Across the Pandemic
Authors: Serper Marina , Tapper Elliot B. , Kaplan David E. , Taddei Tamar H. , Mahmud Nadim
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION:

We studied longitudinal trends in mortality, outpatient, and inpatient care for cirrhosis in a national cohort in the first 2 years of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. We evaluated trends in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance and factors associated with completion.

METHODS:

Within the national cirrhosis cohort in the Veterans Administration from 2020 to 2021, we captured mortality, outpatient primary care provider, gastroenterology/hepatology (GI/HEP) visits, and hospitalizations. HCC surveillance was computed as percentage of time up to date with surveillance every 6 months (PTUDS). Multivariable models for PTUDS were adjusted for patient demographics, clinical factors, and facility-level variables.

RESULTS:

The total cohort was 68,073; 28,678 were eligible for HCC surveillance. Outpatient primary care provider and GI/HEP appointment rates initially dropped from 30% to 7% with a rebound 1 year into the pandemic and steady subsequent use. Telemedicine monthly visit rates rose from less than 10% to a peak of 20% with a steady gradual decline. Nearly 70% of Veterans were up to date with HCC surveillance before the pandemic with an early pandemic nadir of approximately 50% and 60% PTUDS 2 years into the pandemic. In adjusted models, use of a population-based cirrhosis dashboard (β 8.5, 95% CI 6.9–10.2) and GI/HEP visits both in-person (β 3.2, 95% CI 2.9–3.6) and telemedicine (β 2.1, 95% CI 1.9–2.4) were associated with a higher PTUDS.

DISCUSSION:

Outpatient utilization and HCC surveillance rates have rebounded but remain below at baseline. Population-based approaches and specialty care for cirrhosis were associated with a higher completion of HCC surveillance.
Assessing the Risk of Further Decompensation and Survival in Patients With Cirrhosis With Variceal Bleeding as Their First Decompensation Event
Authors: Gupta Anany , Rana Randeep , Agarwal Samagra , Sharma Sanchit , Gopi Srikanth , Mohta Srikant , Gunjan Deepak , Saraya Anoop
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Limited data exist on long-term outcomes of patients with compensated cirrhosis presenting with acute variceal bleeding (AVB) as an index and lone decompensating event. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of further decompensation, survival, and risk factors of mortality in these patients.

METHODS:

Patients with otherwise compensated cirrhosis presenting with AVB as their index decompensating event (n = 463) were analyzed in this single-center retrospective study. The incidence of individual decompensation events and survival was estimated using competing risk analysis. Risk factors for poor outcomes were identified.

RESULTS:

The mean age was 47.4 (13.2) years, with most patients (86.5%) being males. Alcohol-related liver disease (42.3%) and viral cirrhosis (22.4%) were the main etiologies with a median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score of 14 (11–15) at baseline. Over a median follow-up of 42 (24–62) months, 292 patients experienced further decompensations: ascites (n = 283; 96.9%), rebleeding (n = 157; 53.8%), and hepatic encephalopathy (n = 71; 24.3%). Most events occurred with similar frequency across different etiologies, except acute-on-chronic liver failure, which was more common in nonviral cirrhosis (Gray test, P = 0.042). Patients with viral and nonviral cirrhosis had similar survival (5-year survival: 91% and 80.1%, respectively; P = 0.062). Patients with early further decompensations (onset <6 weeks of index AVB event) (n = 40) had a higher mortality (52.5% vs 20.2% for late decompensations; P < 0.001). Active alcohol consumption (hazard ratio [HR]: 9 [5.31–15.3], P < 0.001), high white blood cell count at presentation (HR: 2.5 [1.4–4.4], P = 0.001), and early decompensation (HR: 6.2 [3.6–10.6], P < 0.001) predicted poor survival.

DISCUSSION:

Despite a high incidence of further decompensation, 5-year survival of patients at this stage of cirrhosis is more than 80% across all etiologies in the absence of early further decompensation and active alcohol consumption.
Engagement und Erinnerung
Authors: Schweer Sebastian
Published: September 2022

Man sagt, die Sieger*innen schreiben die Geschichte. Wie also wird die Erinnerung an die Kämpfe der Arbeiter*innenbewegung nach 1989 erzählt? Dominieren Verfallsgeschichten und eine »linke Melancholie« oder entfaltet sich in der Erinnerung an das Gewesene ein Möglichkeitsdenken, das auch die Zukunft neu zu perspektivieren vermag? Sebastian Schweer analysiert engagierte deutschsprachige Erinnerungsromane, in denen die Arbeiter*innen- und Bewegungsgeschichte archiviert, kritisiert, reflektiert und weitergesponnen wird. Der Frage nach dem Verhältnis von Romanform, Erinnerung und dem Status utopischen Denkens folgend behandelt er Sujets wie Hausbesetzung, Terrorismus, das Erbe der DDR oder sozialistische Kybernetik.
Perempuan dan Pernikahan Anak Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Rahyu Putri , Ahmad Muzhaffar
Published: September 2022

Pernikahan anak merupakan pernikahan yang dilaksanakan oleh anak di bawah umur baik itu dari pihak laki-laki, perempuan maupun keduanya. Pernikahan anak marak terjadi di kalangan para remaja yang bisa disebabkan oleh pergaulan bebas ataupun adanya pemaksaan dari orang tua. Artikel ini membahas tentang kedudukan perempuan dalam pernikahan anak yang dianalisis menggunakan kesetaraan gender dari kaca mata hukum Islam dengan menggunakan pendekatan normatif yaitu analisis secara lebih detail bagaimana pernikahan anak dalam al-Qur’an dan Hadis serta menghubungkan faktor-faktor apa saja yang terjadi dalam kehidupan rumah tangga bagi pasangan yang menikah di usia dini. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat dua konsep perempuan dalam nas, yaitu, konsep kesetaraan yaitu yang berkaitan dengan masalah-masalah ibadah, dan konsep yang bersifat ketidaksetaraan yang berkenaan dengan masalah rumah tangga seperti perkawinan. Pernikahan anak tidak dibenarkan karena mengandung nilai ketidaksetaraan terhadap perempuan dengan menganalisis dari berbagai dampak yang terjadi pada si anak].
[Child marriage is a marriage held by the minors, a boy, a girl or both. It is quite common among teenagers due to promiscuity or coercion from parents. This article discusses the position of women/girl because of early marriage by using gender equality from the Islamic law point of view. By using a normative approach, the analysis thoroughly examine how child marriage is according to the Qur'an and Hadith and the problems that they get because of early marriage. The research finds there are two concepts of women in the text : the concept of equality related to worship and the concept of inequality with regard to household problems such as marriage. A child marriage is not justified because it has the value of inequality against women and various impacts that occur on the child.]
Pendidikan Keluarga Berwawasan Gender Dalam Persfektif Islam
Authors: Syukron Mahbub
Published: September 2022

Pendidikan pertama bagi anak merupakan pengenalan terhadap lingkungan keluarga terutama pemahaman tentang orang tua. Dalam pendidikan ini, orang tua membentuk watak dalam kemampuan kognitif dan sikap anak. Namun, keluarga menghadapi beberapa problem dalam konteks Pendidikan kesenjangan gender. Oleh karena itu, keluarga dituntut mampu memahamkan pendidikan berbasis gender kepada anak. Hal ini bersamaan dengan upaya Pemerintah dalam program pendidikan keluarga berwawasan gender (PKBG) dengan Inpres No. 9 tahun 2000 tentang pengarusutamaan gender. Program ini menyadarkan pemahaman hak dan kewajiban pada peran laki-laki dan perempuan pada institusi keluarga. Dalam pendidikan Islam, peran laki-laki dan perempuan memiliki akses dan kesempatan yang setara dengan kemapuan yang dimiliki. al-Qur’an mengisyaratkan kesetaraan laki-laki dan perempuan. Hal ini termaktub dalam surah al-Hujurat ayat 13. Keluarga menjalankan fungsi-fungsi alami  terutama fungsi pendidikan keluarga yang mengajarkan kesetaraan dan keadilan antara laki-laki dan perempuan.
 
[The first education for children is an introduction to the family environment, especially an understanding of parents. In education, parents shape the character in the cognitive abilities and attitudes of children. However, families have several problems in the context of gender gap education. Therefore, families have a role required to be able to understand gender-based education to children. In issues, The Government's efforts in the gender-oriented family education program (PKBG) with family law with Number No. 9 of 2000 on gender mainstreaming. The program raises awareness of the rights and obligations of the roles of men and women in the family daily role. In Islamic education, the roles of men and women have access and opportunities that are equal to their abilities. The Qur'an implies the equality of men and women in surah al-Hujurat 13. The family carries out natural functions, especially the function of family education which teaches equality and justice between men and women.]
The Push and Pull Factors of Learners’ Participation in the Classroom Learning Process: The Case of Agona West District, Ghana
Authors: Frimpong Samuel Oppong
Published: September 2022

The push and pull factors of the classroom learning environment and learners’ participation has been an issue of concern to all stakeholders in education. This stems from the fact that there are factors of the classroom learning environment that can either enhance or impede a learner’s ability to actively participate and learn in the classroom. With the knowledge of this, two research questions were formulated to guide the collection of qualitative data in the form of interview and observation from 16 participants who were Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers. The study employed case study design. The analysis of data and discussion of findings were done thematically being informed by the objectives of the study. The study revealed that seating arrangement, class size, instructional materials, nature of furniture and the classroom size and the relationship between teachers and their learners were among the factors that could either pull or push learners’ chances of actively participating in their classroom activities. Based on the findings, it is being recommended that the government of Ghana should expand infrastructure in the form of classrooms and provide developmentally appropriate furniture, particularly, at the kindergarten level to reduce the number of learners in a classroom to a size than can be conveniently managed by the teacher. The ECE teachers should create space in their classrooms to facilitate easy movement and subsequent learner participation. Learner centred pedagogy should be employed in lesson delivery at the ECE level and the teachers should also relate very well with their learners.
Beauty and the Golden Ratio
Authors: Copertari Luis F. , Reyna Gloria V.
Published: September 2022

The ideas of beauty and, specifically, female facial beauty, are developed in depth in this paper, in light of the adjustment of facial beauty to the golden ratio according to the parameters defined for such purpose. An experimental design of our own is made, software for carrying out the experiments is developed and the experimental results are analyzed for both male and female population from the Computer Engineering Program of the Autonomous University of Zacatecas (UAZ) and the Psychology Department, also at UAZ. It is concluded that women are more sensitive than men to the aesthetics dictated by the conformance to the golden ratio. Also, we conclude that the golden ratio does play an important role in female facial beauty perception.
Delocalisation and Psychosocial Wellbeing of Public Secondary School Principals in Selected Counties in Eastern Region, Kenya
Authors: Stephen Munyiri , Ogembo John , Susan Kinyua
Published: September 2022

The Teachers Service Commission proposed and implemented Delocalisation policy among the teaching fraternity in Kenya since 2017 beginning with Principals of Secondary schools and Head teachers of Primary schools. Aimed at giving a national outlook to the management of educational institutions, enhancing cohesion and quality of their management, implementation of the policy has been met with mixed reactions. While proponents link it with improved institutional management, critics have proposed its scraping due to what they allege are its adverse impacts on especially the Principals are Head teachers. Especially said to be adversely affected are the psychosocial wellbeing of the delocalised Principals. This means that implementation of the policy could be adversely affecting the mental as well as the social health of the personnel. However, empirical literature that could directly link the adverse psychosocial effects to implementation of the policy is still limited. This study therefore set out to establish the relationship between delocalisation process and the psychosocial wellbeing of the Principals with a specific focus on Public secondary school Principals in selected Counties in Eastern region in Kenya. A descriptive cross sectional survey was formulated for the study. Data was collected from 277 delocalised Principals, 12 Education officials and 18 Union officials using questionnaires. Data obtained was analysed descriptively and inferentially to put forward recommendations. Findings showed a negative significant relationship between delocalisation process and psychosocial wellbeing of the delocalised Principals implying adverse effect of the process on their psychosocial wellbeing. The relationship was found to be negatively stronger on older Principals compared to relatively younger ones. At the same time it was established that it was dependent on type of school, Principal delocalised to national and extra county schools having a more positive view on the process. It is therefore recommended that implementation of the process should be cautious approach to minimise its adverse effects.
Performance based on NEMA NU-4 2008 Standard of CDTN/CNEN’s Small Animal PET Scanner
Authors: Gontijo Rodrigo Modesto Gadelha , Vidal Ferreira Andréa , Batista da Silva Juliana , Mamede Marcelo
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the general performance of the preclinical PET scanner (LabPET Solo 4, GE) at CDTN/CNEN using the NEMA NU 4-2008 protocol. The performance parameters include: (i) spatial resolution; (ii) scatter fraction and counts rate performance; (iii) sensitivity and (iv) image quality. For the evaluation specific simulators and a sealed radioactive source of Sodium-22 were used. The results revealed that the NEMA-based radial spatial resolution ranged from 1.79 mm at the center of the FOV to 2.49 mm at a radial offset of 25mm. Tangential resolution ranged from 1.95mm at the center of the FOV to 3.50mm at a radial offset of 25mm. Axial resolution ranged from 1.78mm at the center of the FOV to 5.42mm at a radial offset of 25mm. Iterative image reconstruction improved the radial spatial resolution to 0.93mm at the center of the FOV. For the mouse-sized phantom, the peak noise equivalent count rate (NECR) was 37.8kcps at 85MBq whereas the peak true count rate was 169.9kcps at 125MBq with a count loss of 7.8% for the maximum rate reached at 103.3MBq. The peak of sensitivity (S) and absolute sensitivity (SA) at the center of axial field-of-view (FOV) is 5.7cps.Bq-1 and 0.63%, respectively. The overall imaging capabilities of the scanner were assessed using the NEMA image-quality phantom. The image roughness was 9.5%. Spillover rates (SORs) in air and in water were 0.26 and 0.17 respectively. The recovery coefficients (RCs) were 0.12 for the 1-mm-diameter rod and 0.91 for the 5-mm-diameter rod. The results demonstrate that CDTN/CNENsmall animal PET scanner has adequate reliability and acquired images are compatible with international quality standards for the molecular imaging research.
Relative dose-response from solid-state and gel dosimeters through Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Alva-Sánchez Mirko Salomón , Souza Neto Ney , Quevedo Ana
Published: September 2022

The present work compared the relative absorbed dose of some dosimetric materials, for energies of 250 kV and 6 MV, using PENELOPE and MNCPX codes. The composition of each material GD-301, TLD-100, MAGIC, and MAGAT were simulated and disposed of in a phantom filled with water following reference conditions recommended by the TRS-398 protocol. Percentage depth dose was used as a parameter of comparison. Since the obtained results with both codes were found a maximum difference of up to 2 % when compared the water material with experimental data before 6cm were found to a maximum difference of up to 2.2%  for 6 MV and 5.5 % for 250 kV.  Ratios between simulated PPD and experimental PDD values showed a maximum difference in the build-up region, for 6 MV, due to highsensitivityive from the incident fluency in the simulated and experimental conditions. The ratios for 250 kV showed significant differences from the simulated solid-state rather than gel dosimeters, due to its low energy, depth angular dependence from the solid-state dosimeter, as corroborating by literature. Even the differences showed for both codes, especially for lower energy, due to cross-the section database that implied the interaction probability for each Monte Carlo code, this method has been widely used to model radiation transport in several applications in medical physics, especially in dosimetry.
Dosimetric assessment and secondary cancer risk in breast radiotherapy: a Monte Carlo approach
Authors: Alva-Sánchez Mirko Salomón , de Souza Faés Giulia Rita , de Souza Santos William , Alves Pianoschi Alva Thatiane
Published: September 2022

To calculate the risk of secondary cancer induction resulting from this dose through a Monte Carlo simulation code and voxel-based anthropomorphic phantom to determine the radiation dose in organs and/or tissues with dosimetric importance and the effect of using static MLC in the 3D-CRT technique. In this work, a radiotherapy treatment of breast cancer was simulated using the radiation transport code MCNPX 2.7.0 and the adult anthropomorphic simulator FSTA_H50_M50. The absorbed doses for a set of organs with dosimetric importance were determined. A LINAC Varian 2100C device operated with two techniques was simulated: 2D with open field (OF) and 3D-conformational (3D-CRT), the latter with the use of a multilayer collimator (MLC) of the breast, both acting with 6 MV energy. The highest values of absorbed dose were obtained for the ipsilateral lung (7.22 Gy (3D-CRT) and 8.49 Gy (OF)) and the contralateral breast (6.29 Gy (3D-CRT) and 6.56 Gy (OF)), generating for these organs the greatest risks of secondary cancer induction. With the OF technique, due to the non-collimation of the beam, there was an increase in the absorbed dose in all organs compared to 3D-CRT, thus evidencing a more effective treatment with the 3D-CRT technique, improving both homogeneity and conformity with the dose absorbed in the target organ.
Gamma radiation in association with moderate training reduce the effects of asthma in mice
Authors: Heeren Arno , Severo Nayara
Published: September 2022

Ionizing radiation has been used for the treatment of various diseases for over a century, including chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. The relationship between radiation and asthma are contradictory; while some authors associate radiation exposure with the development of the disease, others report an attenuation of asthma in response to radiation. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease and represents a worldwide public health problem with a high number of deaths. In the present study, we have conducted an investigation of the effects of radiation with 10 doses of 0.5Gy of Co60 and/or moderate lung training of mice with ovalbumin-induced asthma. For this purpose, we have compared six experimental groups of mice: 1-Saline (non-irradiated, sedentary and saline); 2- IR (irradiated and sedentary); 3- OVA (non-irradiated, sedentary and asthma); 4- OVA+IR (irradiated, asthma and sedentary); 5- OVA+IR+MT (irradiated, asthma and moderate training -TM); 6- OVA+MT (asthma and moderate training). The results indicate that radiation and moderate training reduced inflammatory parameters significantly both in BALF cells and in mucus production, thus attenuating the asthma symptoms.
A brief history of Accident Chernobyl: Simulation of the influence of Neutron Absorbing Poisons and temperature feedback effects by Point Kinetics Equations
Authors: Barros Schaun Natália Barros , Tumelero Fernanda , Zen Petersen Claudio
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the solution of the  Neutron Point Kinetics model is presented, adding the effects of temperature and absorbers poisons within a historical and technical context to simulate the preliminary characteristics of the Chernobyl accident. The Point Kinetics model was able to extract physical information consistent with what was expected to predict the reactor situation until the accident. It was also possible to verify, given the results, that the Rosenbrock method was able to overcome the degree of stiffness of the ODE system, besides solving a non-linear problem. Thus, this study has contributed to highlighting the importance of temperature effects and especially absorbers poisons in the final power behavior, extremely relevant for decision making in the operation and safety of a nuclear power plant.
Diversity and ecological characteristics of algae in the water column of the large lakes of Danubian sub-basin (Ukraine) in autumn-winter season
Authors:   Institute of Hydrobiology of the NAS of Ukraine, 12 Prosp. Heroyiv Stalingrada, Kyiv 04210, Ukraine, Shcherbak V.I. , Semeniuk N.Ye. ,   Institute of Hydrobiology of the NAS of Ukraine, 12 Prosp. Heroyiv Stalingrada, Kyiv 04210, Ukraine, Lutsenko D.A. ,   Institute of Hydrobiology of the NAS of Ukraine, 12 Prosp. Heroyiv Stalingrada, Kyiv 04210, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The paper deals with structural and functional components of diversity and ecological characteristics of algae in the water column of the large Danubian lakes Kahul, Kartal, Yalpuh, Kuhurluy, Katlabukh, and Kytay in the late autumn-winter of 2019–2020. The water column algae’s taxonomic diversity comprised 188 species, represented by 191 infraspecies taxa from 7 divisions, 14 classes, 30 orders, 61 families, and 108 genera. According to species diversity, the lakes can be put in the following order: the Yalpuh (78) > Kytay (76) > Kahul (75) > Kuhurluy (55) > Katlabukh (23) > Kartal (16 ist). Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria lead in species richness. According to habitat preference, planktonic forms made up 45%, benthic forms 24%, epiphytic forms 5%, littoral forms 15%, and eurytopic forms 11%. According to salinity preference indifferent species dominated, and according to pH preference alkaliphilic species prevailed. The Sorensen similarity index and Kendall rank correlation indices for leading families were rather low – 0.18–0.43 and 0.45–0.57 respectively, which is indicative of significant differences among the algal communities in the lakes under study. The algal cell count amounted to 2853–360325 thousand cells · dm–3, the biomass – 0.876–64.113 g · dm–3. According to the quantitative characteristics of planktonic algal communities and Cyanobacteria biomass, the Danubian lakes are eutrophic ecosystems.
Aegagropila linnaei Kütz. (Chlorophyta), Paludicola keratophyta (Bory) M.L.Vis et Necchi (Rhodophyta) та Lychnothamnus barbatus (Meyen) Leonhardi (Charophyta) – candidates for inclusion in the Red Data Book of Ukraine
Authors:   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, NAS of Ukraine, 2, Tereschenkivska St., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, Berezovska V.Yu.
Published: September 2022

The results of the analysis of the diversity of rare algae of Ukraine are presented. The discussion is the basis for inclusion in the fourth edition of the Red Data Book of Ukraine the species Aegagropila linnaei Kütz. (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta), Paludicola keratophyta (Bory) M.L.Vis et Necchi (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) and Lychnothamnus barbatus (Meyen) Leonhardi (Charales, Charophyta). Their descriptions, nomenclature history, ecological features and typological timing are given. Summarized information on the distribution of known species proposed for protection at the state level in Ukraine and the world. The publication is illustrated with original photos and drawings. The information is supplemented by maps with the indicated localities of growth.
The first record of the representative of the genus Tenebriella (Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriales) at Cape Kazantip (the Sea of Azov, Ukraine)
Authors:   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany NAS of Ukraine, 2 Tereschenkivska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, Mikhailyuk T.I. , Vinogradova O.M. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany NAS of Ukraine, 2 Tereschenkivska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

Studying terrestrial algae of the Kazantip Nature Reserve (Kerch Peninsula) and its environs, a morphologically distinctive homocytic filamentous cyanobacterium with dark coloured trichomes was found in the biological soil crust from the surface of the clay scree. Despite the peculiar coloration and rather large dimensions of the filaments, we failed to identify it even to the genus based on morphological features. Unfortunately, a molecular study of this material was impossible since an attempt to isolate it in the unialgal culture was unsuccessful. The recently described genus Tenebriella Hauerová, Hauer et Kaštovský separated from Oscillatoria sensu lato, has morphological features very close to our material. They include dark colored filaments, trichomes pale-greyish green to purple, slightly constricted at the cross walls, with short cells, gently tapering to the ends, and several last cells of the trichome often yellowish. Morphologically and ecologically Ukrainian record is very close to T. amphibia Hauerová, Hauer et Kaštovský, but is characterized by noticeably thinner trichomes. Morphological description of this species, photomicrographs, information on habitat in Ukraine and ecology, comparison with literature data are given.
Binder materials for foundry molds and cores: problems and perspectives
Authors: Liutyi Rostyslav , Selivorstov Vadim , Ivanov Valerii , Yamshinskij Mykhail
Published: September 2022

The article presents an extended analytical review of most of the known binders for the manufacture of molds and cores. Molding and core mixtures account for the largest volumes of cargo flows in foundries. They significantly exceed the volume of casting production. From an environmental perspective, these materials pose the greatest danger. The danger lies in the release of harmful and toxic gaseous products during the manufacture of molds and during their filling, and in the gradual contamination of ecosystems with spent mixtures. Requirements to improve the quality of castings, ensure satisfactory environmental performance, availability and cost of materials have been prerequisites for increasing or decreasing the use of various binders in certain historical periods. For the purpose of comparative analysis of binders, the article presents a well-known set of requirements for them and determines the compliance of various materials with these requirements. A chronological scheme of the use of binders and their relative prevalence in casting technologies from the early twentieth century to the present has also been constructed. A thorough analysis of the most important scientific achievements and technological solutions is carried out. They were accompanied by the use of various appropriate binders. Based on this information, the reasons for the emergence and elimination of these materials from foundry technologies are explained. Predictive assumptions have been made about the use of all known materials over the next decade. It was found that the main trend will be the gradual displacement of sand-resin mixtures and their replacement by more environmentally friendly ones, which can be based not only on previously known, but also on new materials created in the future. On the basis of the conducted analysis the scientific and technological problem of world scale is established. It consists in the need to create ecological binders with a high level of functional properties for foundry production.