bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT THE RESULTS OF SOFOSBUVIR/VELPATASVIR TREATMENT IN CHRONIC HCV - INFECTED PATIENTS AT NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR TROPICAL DISEASES
Authors: Nguyen Thi Lien Ha , Ta Thi Dieu Ngan
Published: June 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the results of treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C with Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir regimen and adverse effects of the regimen.

Subjects and methods: A cross sectional descriptive study with follow up 12 weeks after the end of treatment. 46 patients confirmed diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C according to 2016 Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C virus of Ministry of Health. They received Sofosbuvir 400mg/Velpatasvir 100mg combination once daily for 12 weeks. Patients were followed up six months after the start of therapy. Hepatitis C viral load was assessed at baseline, at week 4 and after 24 weeks following the start of the treatment.

Result: 34 patients without cirrhosis (97.1%) and 10 patients with compensated cirrhosis (90.9%) achieved RVR. A total of 100% of patients without cirrhosis and 90.9% of patients with compensated cirrhosis achieved SVR 12 weeks after the end of therapy. Patients with compensated cirrhosis experienced more adverses events (45.5%) than patients without cirrhosis (8.57%). None of the patients without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis experienced any serious adverse event. A few patients complained about some symtoms such as fatigue (6/46, 13.0%), ichy/rash (2/46, 4.3%), insomnia (2/46, 4.3%), jaundice (1/46, 2.1%) - which appeared after received Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir therapy. Most certain laboratoty abnormalities were seen in patients with compensated cirrhosis.

Conclusion: The therapy of sofusbuvir/velpatasvir combination daily for 12 weeks is safe and efficacious in hepatitis C patients without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, irrespective of the genotype.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE AUTOPSY - AN ADVANCED TECHNIQUE IN DETERMINING THE CAUSE OF DEATH
Authors: Ta Thi Dieu Ngan , Nguyen Manh Duy , Pham Ngoc Thach , Nguyen Van Kinh , van Doorn H. Rogier
Published: June 2023

Complete diagnostic autopsy (CDA) is the gold standard in determining the cause of death. However, according to the statistics of the World Health Organization, the practice of CDA has been on a dramatic decline in high - income countries or has not been recorded consistently in low - and middle - income countries, including Vietnam, for the last few decades. This is due to capacity and resource issues as well as cultural and religious factors regarding management of corpses. As a result, the development of quick, less invasive procedures becomes necessary in order to improve the statistics of cause of death worldwide. One such procedure that has the potential to serve as an alternative to complete diagnostic autopsy is minimally invasive autopsy (MIA). This procedure involves using hollow needles to take samples from different tissues and fluids from key organs before combining histology and microbiology to determine the cause of death. This paper aims to explore this novel procedure as well as its potential in becoming the dominant post - mortem examination, especially in the context of infectious causes of death.
PROLONGED FEVER ETIOLOGIES IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS AND THE RELATION WITH TCD4 COUNT (1/2016 - 6/2019)
Authors: Nguyen Kim Thu , Nguyen Thi Hai Yen , Nguyen Thi Hao , Khong Minh Quang
Published: June 2023

Objectives: Prolonged fever is a challenge for clinician in managing patients with HIV/AIDS. Their TCD4 counts can be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment. Our goal was to determinethe most common etiologies of prolonged fever and their distribution in different TCD4 count levels in HIV/AIDS patients.

Subjects and method: A cross - sectional descriptive study was conducted on 195 HIV/AIDS patients with fever of unknown origin admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to June 2019. We recorded clinical parameters, immune status and etiologies for each patient. Patient immune status based on TCD4 counts was stratified into three levels: < 50 cells/mm3; 50 - 100 cells/mm3 and > 100 cells/mm3. We determined the prolonged fever etiologies in HIV infected patients and compared the distributionof these etiologies in different TCD4 count levels.

Results: Among 195 HIV - infected cases with fever of unknown origin, opportunistic infections accounted for 93.3%, non - infectious etiologies took 3.6% and 3.1% were not identified causes. M. tuberculosis was the most common opportunistic infection (46.7%), followed by Talaromycosis (29.2%) and Pneumocytisjiroveci (20.5%), Bacterial pneumonia (11.3%), sepsis (10.3%), CMV (10.3%), Toxoplasma (5.6%), Cryptococcus (2.6%) and MAC (1.0%). Tuberculosis was predominant in all stratified CD4 levels. Most of cases with Talaromycosis had CD4 counts below 50cells/mm3. Besides, CD4 count below 50cells/mm3 was reported in all cases with either Cryptococcus infection or MAC infection. Infections with CMV and toxoplasma were not seen in patients with CD4 count over 100cells/mm3. -7 out of 195 cases were non - infectious etiologies including 4 cases (2.1%) with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) syndrome and 3 cases (1.5%) with non - Hodgkin lymphoma. -53.8% of cases were infected by one pathogen while 38% of patients were co - infected by two different pathogens. Co - infection of three pathogens was recognized in 8.2% of study patients.There is no difference between the number of concurrent etiologies and TCD4 levels.

Conclusion: Opportunistic infections, especially M. tuberculosis is still the leading cause of prolonged fever in HIV/AIDS patients. T. marnefei should be screened in patients with CD4 < 50cells/mm3. It is important to note that there may be many concurrent etiologies of prolonged fevers in HIV/AIDS patients.
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE ON PRESERVATION AND USE OF MEDICAL EQUIPMENT THROUGH SKILL TEST OF MEDICAL STAFF
Authors: Le Van Hoc , Tran Kim Anh , Nguyen Duc Long
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Medical equipment and machinery is an essential means for physicians to diagnose, monitor, care and treat patients correctly and effectively.

Objective: Situation of using and preserving some medical equipment at Nhanai hospital in 2019, research is carried out on groups of nurses who directly take care of patients at hospitals.

Method: Cut horizontal description. Results: Through analysis of occupational test results of 81 Nursing patients in 2019, we found that the proportion of nurses with the right general knowledge in preserving war 91.3%; Knowledge of using ECG, Electric syringe, Monitor are: 93.8%: 79.1%: 68.1%. Factors related to knowledge of use and storage of equipment are not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Regularly organizing training courses on the use and maintenance of medical equipment for nursing in hospitals is very necessary in the coming time.
ANALYSIS OF BLOOD TRANSFER SAFETY KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE ON PERSONS WITH HIV/AIDS THROUGH THE NURSING SKILLS EXAMINATION AT NHAN AI HOSPITAL, 2020
Authors: Le Van Hoc , Tran Kim Anh , Nguyen Duc Long
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Assured blood transfusion safety is based on a quality blood supply and rational clinical use of blood. In treatment facilities, blood transfusion is usually done by nurses, so nurses play an important role in the safe implementation of blood transfusions.Objectives: Describe the knowledge and practice of nurses about blood transfusion safety in HIV/AIDS patients and related factors at Nhan Ai Hospital. Subjects and methods: A cross - sectional descriptive study on 122 nurses taking care of HIV/AIDS patients participating in a job replacementexam at the hospital in 2020.Results and conclusions: Nurses' general knowledge of blood transfusion safety accounted for 77 percent. 77.8% and 87.7% are the percentages of general practice nurses achieving blood transfusion safety. There is a statistically significant relationship between the knowledge score (p < 0.05) in blood transfusion safety and the general characteristics of nurses at the hospital. The relationship was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) between the knowledge score and the practice score in blood transfusion safety of nurses at the hospital.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF SEPSIS CAUSED BY BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI INFECTION AT NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR TROPICAL DISEASES FROM 2016 - 2021
Authors: Le Viet Nghia , Nguyen Kim Thu , Pham Ngoc Thach
Published: June 2023

Objectives: Describing the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of sepsis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei infection at the National Hospital for Tropical Diseases.Patients and methods: We did a cross - sectional descriptive analysis of 68 patients, diagnosis of sepsis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei between January 2016 and July 2021 at the National Hospital for Tropical Diseases.Results and conclusions: The mean age was 52.69 years old, mainly male (82.4%). The patients live mostly in rural areas (89.7%), who are scattered in 19 provinces in North and Central Vietnam concentrated in Ha Tinh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Bac Giang and Ha Noi. The majority of occupation is farming, accounting for 52.9%. The disease mainly occurs in the rainy season from June to November (79.4%). The disease occurs mostly in patients with underlying medical conditions of which the most common is diabetes (57.4%). The duration from symptom onset to hospital admission is mainly over 7 days (75%), max 90 days. Lungs were the most commonly affected organs (63.2%). Abscessmanifestations occurred in multiple organs: lung (2.9%), spleen (20.6%), liver (7.4%), kidney (1.5%), skin (7.4%), muscle (7.4%), brain (5.9%), salivary gland (1.5%). The rate of septic shock was high 20.6%.
APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY IN DETECTION PATHOGENS AND VECTOR BORN DISEASE AT NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MALARIOLOGY - PARASITOLOGY- ENTOMOLOGY IN HO CHI MINH CITY
Authors: Pham Nguyen Thuy Vy , Ngo Thi Hong Phuong , Thi Minh Chau Nguyen , Nguyen Thi Van Anh , Tran Minh Quy
Published: June 2023

Molecular biology techniques are increasingly being used in scientific research and supply for medicine to contribute response the duty about taking care and protecting people’s health. Institute of Malariology - Parasitology - Entomology in Ho Chi Minh City (IMPE HCM) has deployed the application about some molecular biology techniques to detect pathogens, vector born disease such as Nested-PCR, Real time PCR, LAMP…. These techniques give the high results, particularly the detection of pathogens with low density such as malaria parasites, with high sensitivity and specificity, predictive value is relatively accurate. In the identification of medical vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, mites, chigger mites…it also give the exactly value when we compared with GenBank.

Especially, the previous study of the IMPE HCM assesses the prevalence of malaria parasites in theheavy malaria population, which tested by the Giemsa technique (the gold standard for malaria parasitestest) detected parasite with low density (about 0.2% to 0.5%), but with LAMP and Nested PCR methoddetected higher rates (4.4% and 14.7%). Based on this research results, a number of malaria parasitesmay be missed without the application of molecular biology techniques in the pathogens detection.Beside that, the researches about genetic identification also contributed a new look with more accurate and needs more deep research in the field of parasites, helminths and vectors born disease.
CASE REPORT OF ICU ADMISSION DUE TO LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA SEVERE PNEUMONIA IN VIET NAM
Authors: Le Nguyen Minh Hoa , Nguyen Van Thuong , Phan Van Phuc , Tran Anh Dao , Le Xuan Tung , Pham Ngoc Thach
Published: June 2023

Legionnaires’ disease is a serious type of atypical pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria. In this case study, the first case of ICU admission due to Legionella pneumophila severe infection in Vietnam is reported. A 40-year-old Japanese male patient with a history of hypertension for over 4 years was hospitalized with fever and frequent breathing difficulties. Diagnosis upon hospitalization was sepsis shock and ARDS pulmonary consolidation. The sputum specimen was then tested with multiplex PCR using Film array panel and the result was positive with Legionella pneumophila detection. The patient was medicated according to the results ofbacterial identification which gave good response and was discharged after 22 days of treatment.
SURVEY OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIBODY CONCENTRATION IN PATIENTS EXAMINED AND TREATED AT THE CENTER FOR TROPICAL DISEASES-BACH MAI HOSPITAL
Authors: Nguyen Van Dung , Truong Thai Phuong , Nguyen Vu Hong Van , Le Thi Huyen , Nguyen Thi Lan Anh
Published: June 2023

Objectives: Survey of anti-HBs concentration in patients examined and treated at the Center for Tropical Diseases - Bach Mai Hospital from April 2012 to July 2020.Subjects: 1. 024 patients who tested negative for HBsAg and were tested for anti-HBs were examinedand treated at the Center for Tropical Diseases - Bach Mai Hospital from April 2012 to July 2020; selectedby convenience sampling technique.Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study.Results and conclusion: A total of 1024 patients including 708 positive anti-HBs patients (69.1%) withan average anti-HBs concentration of 356.1 ± 400.6 IU/mL, and 90.7% with anti-HBs levels ≥ 10 IU/mLin which 18.6% of patients have anti-HBs levels ≥ 1000 IU/mL, there was no significant difference in antiHBs levels between male and female. Among 163 patients with a history of hepatitis B vaccination, 78.5%of patients were anti-HBspositive. Of the 268 tested foranti-HBc total, the positive anti-HBc total rate was22.1% (17 patients) out of 77 negative anti-HBs patient.
HEPATOBILIARY IMAGING FINDINGS OF HUMAN PARASITIC INFECTIONS : A CASE REPORT
Authors: Le Tran Thang , Hoang Manh Long , Le Xuan Anh , Pham Ngoc Thach
Published: June 2023

Parasitic infections due to protozoa and helminths are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortalitywordwide. In recent decades the number of human parasitic infections were recognized significantly in Viet Nam. These diseases are increasing seem to be involved in poor sanitation, dietery habits, global climate changes and pathogens. Most of damaged organs were brain, liver, gallblader, biliary tract, lung, skin… but impacted on hepatobiliary system, with more severe complications. Radiological image findings can demonstrate characteristic changes and assist in the diagnosis of parasitic infections.
Perinatal Outcome: A Comparative Study between Emergency and Elective Caesarean Section at A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Prasad Joshi Arun , Shobha Chitrakar Neer , Pariyar Jitendra , Shrestha Isha , Maharjan Rima , Maharjan Pabitra
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Caesarean delivery is the most commonly performed lifesaving procedure in obstetrics. Caesarean section can be done in emergency and elective basis. There has been rising trend of caesarean section over the last few decades. Both the caesarean sections are associated with fetal risks than vaginal delivery.

Objectives: To assess and compare the perinatal outcomes of emergency and elective caesarean sections.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional comparative study done in Civil Service Hospital of Nepal over the period of one year starting from January 2021 to December 2021. All the patients who underwent caesarean section during the study period were taken into study. Data regarding perinatal outcomes were analysed by SPSS software.

Results: During the study period, there were 1349 total deliveries. Caesarean sections accounted for 52.2% (n=705) of all deliveries. There were a total of 373 (52.9%) emergency CS and 332 (47.1%) elective CS. Most common indications of emergency and elective caesarean section were fetal distress and previous caesarean section respectively.Out of 713 new-born’s, 26 (6.9%) were preterm in emergency CS, 4 (2.1%) in elective group which was statistically significant (X2 <0.001). Regarding APGAR score, need of resuscitation, nursery admission, respiratory distress syndrome, and neonatal intensive care unit transfer, neonates delivered by emergency basis had more number of babies than elective. However, there was no significant difference. There was one early neonatal death in the study period.

Conclusion: Caesarean section is in rising trend of late. However, timely decision making skills can certainly lead to better perinatal outcome in caesarean sections.
Disease Pattern of Out-Patient Department Visits in The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kattel Pramod
Published: June 2023

Background: Department of obstetrics and gynecology is one of the busiest departments amongst hospital visits. The aim of this study was to determine the disease pattern prevailing in out-patients of department of obstetrics and gynecology and their segregation with respect to infectious and non-infectious etiology.

Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatients attending obstetrics and gynecology department of Kathmandu National Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal from 17th August 2017 to 16th August 2018. A sum of 1504 patients attending the department was enrolled in the study which included cross referrals for out-patient consultations as well. Diagnosis was based on history, examination and/or investigations (urine, cervical discharge, blood and/or ultrasonography- abdomen and pelvis).

Results: More than half (n=803, 53.4%) out-patient department consultation was observed in age group of 20-30years with mean age of 24years. Noninfectious etiology accounted for most out-patient visits (n=1016, 67.6%). The top five out-patient department visits noted were vaginal discharge syndrome (n=325, 21.6%) followed by abnormal uterine bleeding (n=202, 13.4%), ante-natal visits (n=147, 9.8%), non-specific pain lower abdomen/backache (n=108, 7.2%) and urinary tract infection (n=98, 6.5%). Among the total 82 cross-referrals, the order for referral was Medicine (n=34, 41.5%), Dermatology (n=22, 26.8%), Pediatrics (n=12 14.6%), Surgery (n=8, 9.8%) followed by Dental (n=6, 7.3%).

Conclusions: The patterns of gynecological problems observed were vaginal discharge followed by abnormal uterine bleeding, non-specific pain lower abdomen/backache and urinary tract infection in descending order. The most common infectious problem being vaginal discharge and non-infectious being abnormal uterine bleeding. The result of this study will be helpful for health planners and policy makers for launching programs to reduce gynecological morbidity and improve overall women’s health.
Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis in Preterm Labour and Its Fetal and Maternal Outcome
Authors: Gurung Sonam , Shrestha Junu , Subedi Anjali
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Preterm births accounts for about 11.1 % of births worldwide. Infection accounts for 20% – 40% of these cases and Bacterial vaginosis has been found in 15 % of preterm labor group.

Objective: To find the prevalence of Bacterial vaginosis among the cases who presented with preterm labour and to determine its maternal and neonatal outcome.

Methodology: A prospective cross- sectional analytical study on 100 preterm labour cases conducted over a year in the obstetric ward in Manipal Teaching Hospital. Three high vaginal swabs from posterior fornix were taken and tested in Microbiology laboratory. The maternal and neonatal outcome of women with preterm labour due to bacterial vaginosis were noted. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Chi2 test was used for comparing maternal and neonatal complications positive or negative with Bacterial Vaginosis.

Results: In the study period, 584 women had preterm deliveries. The total deliveries during that period was 2,531. The prevalence of Bacterial vaginosis in PTB was found to be 17 %.The accuracy of Gram stain was found to be 90% (sensitivity-57%, specificity-92%, PPV-36%, NPV-96%). The accuracy of wet mount was 90 % (sensitivity-42.85%, specificity-93.5%, PPV-33.3%, NPV95.6%). There were increased cases of chorioamnionitis among women who were BV positive (p-value=0.02). Newborn born to women with BV positive had increased chance of poor Apgar score at 5 minutes (p-value <0.05).

Conclusion: Maternal and neonatal complications were more common in women with preterm labour associated with Bacterial Vaginosis. Gram stain and wet mount are fairly accurate and can be used as an adjunct to culture for the diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis.
Perinatal Outcome Following Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment at A Tertiary Fertility Center In Nepal.
Authors: Shrestha Pradhan Sanu Maiya , Pradhan Renee , Bajracharya Manisha , Karki Anita , Ghimire Namuna
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Globally, an increasing number of babies have been born with the help of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) treatment. While most births after ART are uncomplicated, sometimes it is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight and increased risk of congenital anomalies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the perinatal outcomes in children born after assisted reproductive technologies at a tertiary fertility center in Nepal.

Methodology: This was a descriptive study which analyzed retrospective data collected from the medical record of a tertiary fertility center at Lalitpur, Nepal. Perinatal outcomes of total 201 births that resulted from various ART treatment that was conducted in the center from November 2015 till April 2021 have been included in this study. Univariate analysis was done in SPSS version 20.

Results: Altogether, there were 201 total births out of which 199 were live births and 2 were stillbirths. Among the live births around two-third (69.7%) were singleton deliveries and remaining one- third (30.4%) were multiple deliveries. More than 90% of study population had undergone Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS). There were 263 live born babies resulting from 199 live births. More than half of the babies were born prematurely (50.19%). Low birth weight (LBW) and very low birth weight (VLBW) was seen among 36.50% and 7.22% babies respectively. Congenital abnormality was identified in 13 babies (4.94%) Four stillborn babies and eight neonatal deaths were reported. More adverse perinatal outcomes were seen among twins and triplets than singleton babies.

Conclusion: While most births were uncomplicated, certain extent of adverse perinatal outcomes among the ART conceived babies cannot be ignored. Vigilant monitoring of pregnancy conceived by ART treatment helps in improving the perinatal outcome.
Determination of Gestational Age by Fetal Kidney Length Measurement in Uncomplicated Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Khanal Umesh , Kumar Chaurasia Akash , Raj Joshi Birendra , Jha Anamika
Published: June 2023

Introsution:  Gestational age of fetus is estimated by including various biometric parameters. Newer parameters like fetal kidney length have not been studied in Nepalese population.

Objective: To determine gestational age by fetal kidney length measurement after the 20th week of gestation in healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancy.

Method: Obstetric sonography was performed in 108 pregnant women with regular menstrual cycles, known menstrual age and uncomplicated pregnancy from 20 weeks to term. Fetal kidney length was evaluated as a measure to calculate the predicted gestational age.

Results: The study showed mean fetal kidney length at 20-24, 25-29, 30-34 and 35-37 weeks gestation 22.5 ± 0.5, 26.9 ± 0.7, 32.32 ± 0.7 and 36.3 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. Overall, in second and third trimester, fetal kidney length showed strong linear correlation with gestation age with highest significant Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.989 as compared to other parameters (BPD=0.986, HC=0.976, AC= 0.971, FL= 0.984).

Conclusion: Fetal kidney length can be used as a reliable parameter for determination of gestational age.
A Baby Girl Born with Bilateral Congenital Cataract to A Mother with Unilateral Congenital Cataract Treated in Childhood
Authors: Rana Apariharya , Adhikari Srijana , Pandit Chandika
Published: June 2023

We hereby disseminate a case of a baby girl, who at ten months of age received MMR vaccine but was discovered to later have unilateral congenital cataract at eight years of age. At 25 years, she was married giving birth to a baby boy who had normal vision. Unfortunately, the second baby girl was detected to have bilateral cataract for which the baby at four months of age underwent lens aspiration and anterior vitrectomy of both eyes at a gap of one week. A month later a glass with bilateral +21 Diopters were prescribed. She is planned for intraocular lens implant at around four years of age. She is on currently on visual rehabilitation and treatment for amblyopia Learning lesson from this case being the fact that congenital cataract may run in family and may impart vision deprivation in the offspring; therefore, the importance of preconception counseling is important.
CRIMINALIZATION OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN THE CRIMINAL LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Authors: Šikman Mile
Published: June 2023

Ever since the introduction of the Republika Srpska of the criminal offense of Sexual Harassment (Article 170) in the Criminal Code and its amendments from 2017, there was an expert and scientific debate on the need and manner of incrimination of this behavior in criminal law. This is particularly expressed with regard to the fact that even in the specific international legal basis for this incrimination, namely the Istanbul Convention (2011), the necessity of criminal incrimination of sexual harassment as a criminal offense is not explicitly stated. On the other hand, the introduction of the new criminal offense – sexual harassment cannot be considered wrong. The question is how to criminalize behaviors that are considered sexual harassment, while at the same time making a clear distinction to behaviors that do not constitute a crime. In particular, the problem is reflected in the development of a norm that will be adequately applicable in judicial practice, which will achieve the purpose of punishment, manifested in both special and general prevention of sexual harassment. The subject of this paper was just mentioned, which is why we analyzed the existing international legal framework and harmonization with domestic legislation in this area.
CRIMINAL OFFENCE INTERCOURSE WITH A CHILD WITH REFERENCE TO THE PROBLEM OF INTERCOURSE IN THE ROMA POPULATION
Authors: Stanisavljević Jelena
Published: June 2023

In the middle of 2019, the Court of Appeals in Belgrade passed a controversial verdict acquitting the defendant of the accusation that he committed the crime of intercourse with a child. The basis of the acquittal was found by the Court in the institute of legal error, and this decision divided the legal experts into two opposing groups. The final position was taken by the Supreme Court of Cassation when it determined that such a verdict violated the law in favor of the defendant. In this paper, the author deals with the crime of intercourse with a child, with special reference to the issue of intercourse in the Roma population. The author will first explain the act of committing this crime, then she will analyze the institute of legal error, and then she will deal with the peculiarities of the Roma national minority in the part related to intercourse with a child. The author will discuss the relationship between customs and positive legal norms, citing relevant legal acts, and will dedicate part of the paper to the issue of potential discrimination against the victim of the crime in question. At the very end, the author will analyze the current judgments of the Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court of Cassation through these aspects, while giving concluding remarks on this topic.
BULK INTERCEPTIO OF COMMUNICATIONS: ARE WE DROPPING IN TOTALITARIANISM?
Authors: Turanjanin Veljko , Ćorović Emir
Published: June 2023

Authors in this work deal with bulk interception of communications and its relationship with the right to privacy. At the center of the debate are new ECtHR’s judgments in cases Big Brother Watch and Others v. the United Kingdom and Centrum för Rättvisa v. Sweden. The ECtHR decided to develop new criteria regarding bulk surveillance because the developed six criteria are more than ten years old. However, this approach may be questionable given the relatively new judgments in the same matter but in which the old approach is taken. This work is divided into several parts. After introductory remarks, the authors briefly explain the main human rights documents regarding the bulk interception of communications and the right to privacy. After that, they explain the approach of the European Court of Human Rights. In the first place, they explain the general principles relating to secret measures of surveillance, including the interception of communications, after which he explains ECtHR’s approach in bulk surveillance cases and the ECtHR approach to be followed in bulk interception cases.
EVIDENTIARY ACTIONS AND SPECIAL INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS: THEORETICAL-IMPLEMENTING ASPECT
Authors: Karović Sadmir , Simović Marina M.
Published: June 2023

It is practically impossible to imagine the collection of necessary evidence and the evidentiary procedure without the application of general evidentiary actions as well as special investigative actions in relation to legally prescribed criminal offenses for which the application of these specific actions can be determined. The Criminal Procedure Code prescribes general evidentiary and special investigative actions as well as restrictive legal conditions for their application. It is undisputed that the position of the prosecutor in the evidentiary procedure regarding the determination of the existence of a certain criminal offense and guilt depends on the volume and qualitative component of the evidence collected in the investigation, which means that the segment of the application of general and special investigative actions in relation to legality of collected evidence and respect for human rights and freedoms, is very important. The burden of proof is on the acting prosecutor, who has a leading and supervisory role in the investigation in relation to authorized officials in terms of the implementation of mentioned evidentiary actions and the collection of necessary evidence. It follows from the above stated that in each specific case, for the application of general evidentiary actions and special investigative actions, it is necessary to meet restrictive legal requirements. Also, this paper covers the implementation or enforcement aspect regarding the initiation and application of these evidentiary actions.
PLANNED ORIENTATION OF PREVENTION AND REPRESSION AGAINST CRIME
Authors: Pena Uroš
Published: June 2023

In principle, by prevention we mean intervention. To act preventively means to intervene in a certain way and with certain means. To understand the term prevention, it is important to understand the meaning of the prefix - before. In fact, we mean the type of intervention that is realized before the side effects manifest. Under crime prevention we can understand the use of all means and measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of some form of crime and its harmful consequences. Prevention is often defined as an activity aimed at preventing the mechanisms-causes, conditions or motives that lead to the occurrence of criminal acts. Repressive activity is a consequential, subsequent activity, which is used to eliminate the consequences of a criminal offense (post delictum), or react in connection with the resulting negative behavior or phenomenon. The activity would be carried out on the detection of criminal offenses and the conduct of criminal investigations, the detection and apprehension of the perpetrators of these offenses and their extradition to the judicial authorities. Originally, “потискивање” means "repression", and the Serbian translation is very informative. It is such a means of fighting crime, which, above all, is aimed at acting from the outside. From the name itself, it is evident that it is a means that does not act in such a way as to eliminate the cause of the phenomenon, but above all to eliminate the manifestation of the cause, ie. consequence. There are two important reasons for repressive action: one is that it did not notice the causes, conditions or causes of the criminal act in time, the other is that they are not interested in it, even if it can detect them for various reasons and motives. Both reasons alone are enough to understand why repression preceded other means of combating this, in the history of a constant companion of social life.
INTERROGATION OF THE SUSPECT THROUGH SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
Authors: Duraković Adnan , Simović Vladimir M.
Published: June 2023

When conducting the interrogation of the suspect, elements of a real, psychological and tactical nature should be taken into account. Interrogation of a suspect is a knowledge and skill to be learned. It is a specialized investigative work and, accordingly, it is contrary to interrogation tactics and inexpedient to provoke conflict situations and conflicts with the examinee, because then it is impossible to establish a relationship of trust. Subjective side of the offense such as: motives, role in the crime (manner of entering the criminal zone) etc., can be easily learned from the suspect, and with the help of data of the examinee’s personality, the procedural authority can determine the meaning of the crime, psychological process that led the perpetrator to criminal reactions, etc., as well as obtain an answer about the social danger (harmfulness) of the perpetrator. Research is a dynamic process based on examiner adapting to a given situation and achieving his or her goals. In order to achieve this, the following must be done: preparation, plan and support by a multidisciplinary team. Estimating and adjusting the first impressions is an important factor in the whole course of interrogation. One of the first tasks of the examiner is to assess the level of cooperation and resistance of the subject. Making sense in the context of interrogation provides a framework for understanding the subject’s resistance and what motivates him to get involved.
EXECUTION OF DETENTION
Authors: Marić Tamara
Published: June 2023

Detention, by legal theorists, is defined as preventive deprivation of liberty in order to ensure the presence of a suspect or accused for the successful conduct of criminal proceedings. The development of criminal procedure throughout history has brought great changes in the issue of regulating the aforementioned criminal procedure measure. Unlike the former inquisitorial type of criminal procedure, the basic characteristic of which was the extortion of confessions, in the current legal regulations there is a modern mixed type of criminal procedure. As such, it provides two essential elements: the protection of human rights and the right of the state to punish perpetrators of crimes. In the domestic legislative framework, the protection of human rights means that no innocent person is convicted. This was achieved through the abolition of mandatory detention and modification of the conditions for determining the measure of detention, taking into account the individual characteristics of the perpetrator and the elements of the nature of the crime. The legislator leaves it to the court to assess the existence of conditions for ordering detention in each individual case. This paper will include normative elements and the system of execution of detention measures, with an emphasis on the rights and position of detainees.
UTICAJ MAS-MEDIJA NA VASPITANJE DJECE
Authors: Simić Kojo , Letić Milica
Published: June 2023

Svjedoci smo naglog razvoja savremene tehnologije i njene primjene u svim sferama društva. Škola kao značajan dio tog društva ima obavezu da prati najnovija dostignuća i koristi nove tehnologije i medije. Ako stavimo naglasak na edukacijsku ulogu medija, neupitan je njihov doprinos u širenju znanja i olakšavanja učenja, izgrađivanju određenih vrijednosti, razvijanju sposobnosti, vještina i navika. Mediji zaista jesu sedma sila i njihova snaga se ogleda u svim segmentima društvenog djelovanja. Mediji igraju veliku ulogu u vaspitanju i samim time formiraju društvo. Ne kaže se uzalud da na mladima svijet ostaje. Dakle, vaspitanje djece ključan je faktor u formi ranju društva i društvenih vrijednosti. Mladi se sa medijima upoznaju veoma rano, još u ranom uzrastu u porodičnim uslovima kada stupaju u kontakt sa televizijom, štampom ili sredstvima novih tehnologija koja koriste njihovi roditelji. Tako efekti medija postaju sve važniji u dječijem obrazovnom sistemu gotovo više od roditeljskog vaspitanja. Gotovo svi oblici medija ispunjeni su očiglednim, zavidnim i skrivenim porukama koje podstiču ljude da ih nabave. Rad je teoretsko-metodološkog karaktera i bavit će se tematikom uticaja mas-medija na vaspitanje djece od najranije dobi pa sve do adolescencije. S obzirom na to da su mediji sve prisutniji u svakodnevnom životu pojedinaca, a samim time su postali neizbježan dio svakodnevnog život te su neprimjetno integrisali i u naše međuljudske odnose a samim time i djece, važno je da kroz ovaj rad razvijemo kritičko razmišljanje te da promislimo o konzumiranom sadržaju. U radu će se detaljnije i opširnije opisati sve ono što je vezano za današnje društvo i današnju populaciju koja je sve više izložena uticaju mas-medija bez kojih bi ovaj svijet bio nezamisliv. Takođe će se doći do nekih novih saznanja koja će biti od velike pomoći roditeljima da uvide kako da se izbore i postave u situacijima koje su vezane za medije. Ovaj rad će doprinijeti da roditelji i druge odrasle osobe shvate kako oni trebaju da budu uzor mlađim osobama, u ovom slučaju svojoj djeci, učenicima i da ih od malih nogu uče koji su to medijski sadržaji najbolji za njih i sve to u granicama normale. Na ovaj način dijete će već od malih nogu znati šta je dobro, a šta loše i roditelji neće imati problema u vaspitanju.
ПРАВНИ ПОЛОЖАЈ ЈАВНЕ УПРАВЕ БРЧКО ДИСТРИКТА БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ
Authors: Максић Игор
Published: June 2023

Брчко дистрикт БиХ је званично успостављен 8. марта 2000. године, годину дана након доношења коначне одлуке арбитражног трибунала за спор око међуентитетске границе у области Брчког, пошто је након потписивања Дејтонског споразума област Брчког била предмет међуентитетског спора. Дистрикт Брчко је проглашен на цијелој територији предратне општине Брчко, од које је по Дејтонском споразуму 48% припало Републици Српској, а 52% Федерацији БиХ. Брчко дистрикт БиХ је јединица локалне самоуправе кoja je под суверенитетом БиХ. Као засебна јединица локалне самоуправе у Босни и Херцеговини, Брчко дистрикт БиХ се заснива на подјели власти на законодавну, судску и извршну власт. У овом раду ће бити извршен и осврт na негативан рад и критику јавне управе Брчко дистрикта БиХ, као и на то шта би требало побољшати у раду како јавне управе у цјелости тако и на нижим нивоима јавне управе.
TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES IN THE MODERN SYSTEM WORLD ORDER: FEATURES AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Bobylev Victor
Published: June 2023

The modern system of the world order is a synthesis of the Yalta–Potsdam system and the onset of the Anglo-Saxon civilization after the victory in the Cold War. The pressure of the West and the resistance to this process determine the trans- formational character of the modern era. The confrontation between the tendency to assert multipolarity and the line oriented towards violent unipolarity needs to be com- prehended. Globalization of the world under the auspices of the Anglo-Saxon center and information maneuvering by it, gave rise to the phenomenon of a given political transformation of the desired territories from centers of power. According to Atlantic political strategists, these territories are defined as nodal in the attack on the inter- ests of a strategic enemy. In the nodal regions of the earth, new orbits of influence, plexuses of forces and interests, springs of enemy coverage are being formed. The de- stabilization of states created in the XX century, given spaces, territories requires not only a constant reaction of the opponent to protect their sovereignty, the necessary points of support for the stability of self-sufficient centers, but elevates the regions of the earth and individual countries to the rank of responsibility, defining them as vital territories. The tension of the international situation is revealed as a constant factor. The reality of the actors’ relationships is becoming mutually exhausting actions, the consequence of which may be economic exhaustion, military-political mistakes, self- destruction, transformation of the weak in order to further absorb them. The actions of the Russian Federation to strengthen statehood taken in 2022 were a revelation for the West. They declared that the vector of offensive tactics against Russia has been put to an end. The Russian Federation has chosen an offensive position to protect national sovereignty and ensure the stability of the country in the surrounding world. The new tactic makes adjustments to the system of traditional perception of political limology, the practice of looking at the system of borders approved by international treaties. Anti-Russian political processes, which have been actively developing in Ukraine for more than thirty years, could not stop at the demarcation line. They influence not only the EU policy, but also the domestic political situation in the country. It is known that borders symbolize the socio-political practice of spatial differentiation. The whole history of Europe is the history of the redistribution of borders. They oc- curred when the polarity in the world is changing. The transformation of the world under the influence of the United States and NATO after the collapse of the socialist bloc is aimed precisely at this.
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS AS GLOBAL SUBJECTS OF MODERN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Authors: Mezyaev Alexander Borisovich
Published: June 2023

The creation in 1993-1994 of the first international criminal tribunals (for the former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda) was an important destructive event in mod- ern international law and international relations. The UN Security Council has gone beyond its powers and, thus acting ultra vires, has established bodies with the com- petence to prosecute citizens of the states of the former Yugoslavia, including heads of state and government. These tribunals, being called “international”, however, did not meet the criteria of internationality in totality. The tribunals were created without the consent of the states in respect of which they were supposed to act. This violated the basic principle of the conciliatory nature of international law. Moreover, in their activities, the tribunals began to apply the sources of international law arbitrarily, as well as to create their own “law”. This “law” also does not meet the criteria of inter- nationality because it was created not by states (nations), but by judges themselves, often contrary to the existed norms of international law. The question arises: what is the place of the so-called “international” criminal tribunals established by the UN Security Council in the modern system of international relations? The main goals of the global governance bodies are: 1) Elimination of objectionable political and military leadership of any states; 2) Destruction of progressive international law; 3) Formation of repressive global law. Examples of the destruction of international law and the formation of global law are the decisions of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia against R.Karadzic, General Mladic, S.Milosevic and others. The activities of international criminal tribunals pose a serious threat to the modern international legal order.
REASONS FOR THE INTRODUCTION, EFFECTS AND ROLE OF MULTILATERAL ECONOMIC SANCTIONS IN A MULTIPOLAR WORLD
Authors: Grujić Miloš
Published: June 2023

The aim of the paper is to analyze international sanctions in the third decade of the 21st century. International sanctions are non-violent actions that individual states undertake against other states to force them to change certain foreign and domestic policy aspects that are considered unacceptable. Sanctions, introduced by one country, or an international organization are divided into unilateral and multilateral. Sanctions are usually divided into three forms: diplomatic (restriction or complete termination of diplomatic relations), economic (usually related to the prohibition of trade, usually related to weapons), and military sanctions. The aim of the paper is to analyze the current economic multilateral sanctions against the Russian Federation. The purpose of the introduction of sweeping sanctions is to try to overthrow the current government, which made it impossible to implement the policy that led to the introduction of the sanctions. Descriptive and comparative methods and scientific articles were used in the paper together with announcements by regulators, websites of relevant institutions, books, etc. Data on monthly oil and gas production, exports, inflows, and outflows of capital, mandatory financial reports of large companies, data on the monetary base of the central bank, data on direct foreign investments, and data on lending are observed. The paper shows that the general public is actually deprived of a large number of essential statistical data that was updated on a monthly basis until February 2022. Namely, one of the key reasons why there is doubt about the effectiveness of sanctions is that not enough relevant economic indicators are coming from Russia. Instead, optimistic Russian economic analyses, forecasts, and projections are transmitted. The work indicates that there are certain misconceptions among experts and the general public regarding sanctions. The conclusion is that certain sanctions, such as bans related to agricultural products and artificial fertilizers, have been relaxed. However, all sanctions are introduced to hurt the country and lead to regime change. The paper raises numerous questions arising from the fact that there is great uncertainty that has led to a slowdown in economic activity at the global level.
THE ROLE OF CONTEMPORARY RADIO AS A MEDIUM IN SOCIAL PROCESSES
Authors: Čokorilo Radmila R.
Published: June 2023

Radio is present everywhere. We hear him: in a car, in a shop, offices and factories, on the street, in the park, on the mountain and on the beach; and at any time of the day: morning, noon, at night ... During his entire history, he worked successfully to prove that he possesses an extraordinary ability to adapt to new social, economic and media conditions. The subject of research in the paper is whether the radio stations will survive, in the flood of “new media”, or will they quit? The key advantages of radio, compared to other media, are usually related to information programs that are faster, cheaper, more accessible at all times of the day and night, at any place (transistor technique). In that sense, radio did not have any information in the sphere of information, and today there is no point, especially when it is able, besides facts, to offer and gain the impression of presence or participation in the event (live broadcasts). The aim is to show that professional and high-quality change of program contents can survive on the media sky. In contemporary radio programs, documentary, informative, educational, dramatic and artistic, musical and entertainment elements are intertwined. That’s why modern radio becomes “radio for everyone,” not just “radio for everyone”. On the future of the radio, however, there is no decisive influence on technology that enables communication by means of radio waves, but there is a “society”, ie, listeners who search for a radio station on the radio.