bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Separation of precious metals by split-anion extraction using water-saturated ionic liquids
Authors: Nguyen Viet Tu , Riaño Sofía , Binnemans Koen
Published: November 2020

Split-anion extraction with water-saturated ionic liquids is a benign, efficient and selective process for recovery of precious metals from chloride media.
Iron-meditated fungal starvation by lupine rhizosphere-associated and extremotolerant Streptomyces sp. S29 desferrioxamine production
Authors: Jarmusch Scott A. , Lagos-Susaeta Diego , Diab Emtinan , Salazar Oriana , Asenjo Juan A. , Ebel Rainer , Jaspars Marcel
Published: November 2020

Molecular networking-based annotation of new desferrioxamine analogues discovered via Streptomyces and fungal phytophathogen cocultivation.
Design, synthesis, molecular simulation, and biological activities of novel quinazolinone-pyrimidine hybrid derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and anticancer agents
Authors: Emami Leila , Faghih Zahra , Sakhteman Amirhossein , Rezaei Zahra , Faghih Zeinab , Salehi Farnaz , Khabnadideh Soghra
Published: November 2020

Twelve novel quinazolinone–pyrimidine hybrids were synthesized, of which some of them showed dual functions as DPP-4 inhibitors and anti-cancer agents.
Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation on transition metal modified TiO2 nanosheets under simulated sunlight
Authors: Liu Yifan , Yu Zirui , Guo Shanshan , Yao Lulu , Sun Runze , Huang Xiuying , Zhao Weirong
Published: November 2020

Transition metal modified TiO2 was synthesized using a microwave assisted hydrothermal method for efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation under simulated sunlight.
Synthesis of nanoparticles of zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-94 using inorganic deprotonators
Authors: Madhav Dharmjeet , Malankowska Magdalena , Coronas Joaquín
Published: November 2020

A novel synthesis process of ZIF-94 (also known as SIM-1) is developed for particle size tuning, using either NaOH or NH4OH as a deprotonator.
Synthesis and characterization of Mg-doped ZnO thin-films electrochemically grown on FTO substrates for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Kara R. , Mentar L. , Azizi A.
Published: November 2020

Mg-doped ZnO (MZO) thin films were successfully fabricated on fluorine-doped tin-oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrates by an electrochemical deposition method using aqueous electrolytes of 80 mM Zn(NO3)2 with different concentrations of Mg(NO3)2.
The inactivation mechanism of chemical disinfection against SARS-CoV-2: from MD and DFT perspectives
Authors: Tan Chunjian , Gao Chenshan , Zhou Quan , Van Driel Willem , Ye Huaiyu , Zhang Guoqi
Published: November 2020

Exploring effective disinfection methods and understanding their mechanisms on the new coronavirus is becoming more active due to the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Suppressing loss tangent with significantly enhanced dielectric permittivity of poly(vinylidene fluoride) by filling with Au–Na1/2Y1/2Cu3Ti4O12 hybrid particles
Authors: Kum-onsa Pornsawan , Phromviyo Nutthakritta , Thongbai Prasit
Published: November 2020

Three-phase gold nanoparticle–Na1/2Y1/2Cu3Ti4O12 (Au–NYCTO)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composites with 0.095–0.487 hybrid particle volume fractions (f) were fabricated.
Gum arabic-OPO3H2 as a new natural-based green catalyst for the one-pot pseudo-four-component synthesis of naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazines
Authors: Hosseinikhah Sahar Saadat , Fatemeh Mirjalili Bi Bi , Salehi Naeimeh , Bamoniri Abdolahamid
Published: November 2020

Gum arabic-OPO3H2 (GA-OPO3H2) as a unique natural-based green catalyst was synthesized by the reaction of phosphorus pentoxide with gum arabic.
Blue light-induced low mechanical stability of ruthenium-based coordination bonds: an AFM-based single-molecule force spectroscopy study
Authors: Muddassir Mohd.
Published: November 2020

A HA–RuII complex was conjugated to a hyaluronan polymer through amide bonds. In AFM experiments using the “multi-fishhook” approach, the cantilever tip made contact with the polymeric molecule, resulting in stretching, indicated by sawtooth-like force-extension curves.
An orifice design: water insertion into C60
Authors: Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Kizaki Kazuro , Hirose Takashi , Murata Yasujiro
Published: November 2020

The designed orifice substructure enabled the efficient conversion into H2O@C60via a four-step reaction process in 70% isolated yield with an occupation level exceeding 98%.
A synchronous piezoelectric–triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator for harvesting vibration energy
Authors: Singh Huidrom Hemojit , Kumar Dheeraj , Khare Neeraj
Published: November 2020

The developed hybrid device and its various applications including powering of electrolysis, a digital calculator, and LEDs.
In search of a novel chassis material for synthetic cells: emergence of synthetic peptide compartment
Authors: Sharma Bineet , Ma Yutao , Ferguson Andrew L. , Liu Allen P.
Published: November 2020

Giant lipid vesicles have been used extensively as a synthetic cell model to recapitulate various life-like processes. In recent years, peptide vesicles are gaining attention as an alternative chassis material.
3D high-density MXene@MnO2 microflowers for advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Shi Minjie , Wang Bei , Chen Cong , Lang Junwei , Yan Chao , Yan Xingbin
Published: November 2020

Gas-phase technology was used to obtain 3D high-density MXene@MnO2 microflowers, which are presented as a cathode material for high-performance aqueous Zn-ion batteries.
Amyloid-beta oligomers induce Parkin-mediated mitophagy by reducing Miro1
Authors: Kam Min Kyoung , Lee Dong Gil , Kim Bokyung , Huh Jae-Won , Lee Hong Jun , Park Young-Ho , Lee Dong-Seok
Published: November 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with the accumulation of amyloid-beta oligomers (AβO). Recent studies have demonstrated that mitochondria-specific autophagy (mitophagy) contributes to mitochondrial quality control by selectively eliminating the dysfunctional mitochondria. Mitochondria motility, which is regulated by Miro1, is also associated with neuronal cell functions. However, the role played by Miro1 in the mitophagy mechanism, especially relative to AβO and neurodegenerative disorders, remains unknown. In this study, AβO induced mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced Parkin-mediated mitophagy, and reduced mitochondrial quantities in hippocampal neuronal cells (HT-22 cells). We demonstrated that AβO-induced mitochondrial fragmentation could be rescued to the elongated mitochondrial form and that mitophagy could be mitigated by the stable overexpression of Miro1 or by pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC)-a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger-as assessed by immunocytochemistry. Moreover, using time-lapse imaging, under live cell-conditions, we verified that mitochondrial motility was rescued by the Miro1 overexpression. Finally, in hippocampus from amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1)/Tau triple-transgenic mice, we noted that the co-localization between mitochondria and LC3B puncta was increased. Taken together, these results indicated that up-regulated ROS, induced by AβO, increased the degree of mitophagy and decreased the Miro1 expression levels. In contrast, the Miro1 overexpression ameliorated AβO-mediated mitophagy and increased the mitochondrial motility. In AD model mice, AβO induced mitophagy in the hippocampus. Thus, our results would improve our understanding of the role of mitophagy in AD toward facilitating the development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of AβO-mediated diseases.
Exploiting teeth as a model to study basic features of signaling pathways
Authors: Pagella Pierfrancesco , Porcheri Cristina , Mitsiadis Thimios A.
Published: November 2020

Teeth constitute a classical model for the study of signaling pathways and their roles in mediating interactions between cells and tissues in organ development, homeostasis and regeneration. Rodent teeth are mostly used as experimental models. Rodent molars have proved fundamental in the study of epithelial–mesenchymal interactions and embryonic organ morphogenesis, as well as to faithfully model human diseases affecting dental tissues. The continuously growing rodent incisor is an excellent tool for the investigation of the mechanisms regulating stem cells dynamics in homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the use of teeth as a model to investigate signaling pathways, providing an overview of the many unique experimental approaches offered by this organ. We discuss how complex networks of signaling pathways modulate the various aspects of tooth biology, and the models used to obtain this knowledge. Finally, we introduce new experimental approaches that allow the study of more complex interactions, such as the crosstalk between dental tissues, innervation and vascularization.
Best fit power weighted difference method for fog node selection in smart cities
Authors: Malhotra Amarjit , Dhurandher Sanjay K. , Gupta Megha , Kumar Bijendra
Published: November 2020

Growing urbanisation has lead to the concept of smart cities. The idea of smart city is realised with the help of internet of things (IoT) devices. The existing cloud services lack the potential to meet the peculiar requirements of IoT devices. IoT devices generate a huge amount of data and demand quick response time. Fog computing can be used to process the IoT tasks since fog nodes are comparatively closer to the IoT devices. The fog node selection for prospective IoT tasks is a multiple‐criteria decision‐making problem due to the diversity in the IoT requirements and the presence of a number of heterogeneous fog nodes in the smart city. However, there is no study that focused on the fog node selection mechanism keeping in view the user preferences, user requirements (URs), and optimised resource usage. This study presents the best fit‐power weighted difference (BF‐PWD) method for fog node selection that is used to rank and subsequently select the fog nodes for task offloading from IoT devices. The simulation results show that the proposed technique BF‐PWD not only improves the success rate but also reduces the communication latency and the UR violations compared to the existing protocols.
Pubertal period influence on sports results among 13-14 year-old boys swimmers
Authors: Yuzhikova Olga , Kashirskaya Elena , Dorontsev Alexander , Gladenkova Victoria , Pavlova Svetlana
Published: November 2020

The aim of this research work was to reveal specific peculiarities of young swimmers training, taking into account their pubescence in terms of the long-term training concept. During the research it was defined that methodological support of spots training for a long-term period should contain not only prognostic model of prospective results achievement. It also should analyze individual peculiarities of pubertal period. During the research we used the official results of competitions protocols, the results of general and special physical readiness tests, resume of the leading swimming coaches. For statistical data handling we used quantitative variables, presented in a form ± of a standard error of the mean value (М ± m). The results were considered as statistically significant in terms of р < 0,05. Correlation analysis is realized using Pearson correlation coefficient. The held research helped to define typical characteristics of pubertal period in teen-agers swimmers, timely correct the training process. It was stated that athletes adaptation to the training and competitive loads in pubertal period was characterized by different degree of sports results increase and correlated with the intensity of hormonal changes. The boys with distinct features of pubertal period were the leaders at short distances, but showed coordinating abilities decrease. The athletes, whose somatic-gender changes didn’t have extreme indices or had prolonged duration, showed stable sports results increase mainly at long distances.
Studying the priority of technical-tactical actions fulfillment among highly-qualified belt wrestlers during competitive activity
Authors: Suleimanov Gabdyzhalil , Boltikov Yuri , Solomahin Oleg , Zemlenukhin Ilya , Kaplev Aleksei
Published: November 2020

Dynamically developing kind of sport “Belt wrestling” undergoes serious changes nowadays in the structure of competitive combats and it makes specialists study combats and search for new ways of improving the forms and content of wrestlers’ technical and tactical training. This article studies an urgent question of techniques fulfillment priority by highly-qualified belt wrestlers in the final combats of the biggest International competitions. From the held analysis of 48 combats among belt wrestlers during the final part of three World Cups and three World Championships among 18-20 year-old juniors we define 6 most frequently used techniques. They were used by the winners of the competitions. The article also presents detailed analysis of the held technical-tactical actions indices during the combat and the received for them points among highly-qualified wrestlers. It was stated that highly-qualified belt wrestlers have a wide arsenal of technical means for an effective fulfillment of technical-tactical actions during important combats. At the same time, we underline that in the held by them combats attacking and executing a counterattack actions prevail and wrestlers organize the combat in power oriented, aggressive and attacking manner.
The technology of selecting gifted children in combat sports based on comprehensive monitoring of conditions of athletes
Authors: Glebov Yury , Khorunzhiy Anatoliy , Podlivaev Boris , Kuznetsov Aleksandr
Published: November 2020

The problem of 12-14-year-old athletes’ selection that are engaged in combat sports is one of the most urgent problem of training the sports reserve. The search for gifted children and teenagers is in fact the most important factor for high achievements in the chosen sport. According to V. p. Guba [2], many experts understand sports selection as an assessment and recognition of children’s individual predisposition to achieve in a particular sport based on their inclinations, abilities, and gifts. However, the components of athletic giftedness used in sports-oriented selection differ significantly in the available research. [1,3,4,5,6,7]. Federal State Budget Establishment Professional Educational Organization “Smolensk State College of Olympic Reserve” (referred to as FSBE PEO “SSCOR”) and Smolensk Regional Fund “Social development” conduct the research for selecting sports gifted children that are engaged in martial arts. The research is held on the proposed technology and is based on comprehensive monitoring of the athletes condition. This technology allows to ensure the balance between high loads and maintaining health, increase the effectiveness of the training process, predict the achievement of the fitness form peak and maintain it throughout the competition period.
Extracurricular sports and recreation activities as a component of the cognitive activity development of primary school children
Authors: Berezina Larisa , Bystrova Olga , Klyuchnikova Svetlana , Kuptsov Ivan , Sementsov Dmitriy
Published: November 2020

Analysis of scientific and methodological sources on the main positions of development and improvement of physical culture in general education institutions shows that it is necessary to pay attention to the development of schoolchildren cognitive abilities through project activities, interactive game technologies, and personal participation in sports events. Extracurricular activities are an expanded space of upbringing and education, it creates additional opportunities for self-realization and self-knowledge, their capabilities through sports and recreation activities. This article describes the methodology of sports and recreation classes held outside of school hours with the introduction of game sports (basketball, floorball), interactive technologies. The content of the proposed methodology is traditional. It consists of mastering knowledge methods, improving motor skills and developing physical qualities. They are formed thanks to the proposed interactive game technologies and tasks for the intellectual abilities development. The article discusses the possible conditions of sports and recreation activities in general education institutions that ensure a more successful development of younger students cognitive activity. Analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, testing, questionnaires, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. The experimental method was implemented in junior classes and was conducted as part of extracurricular sports and recreation activities in accordance with the Federal state educational standard. The proposed forms and methods of organizing basketball and floorball classes with the inclusion of interactive game technologies and tasks for the development of intellectual abilities increased the cognitive activity of younger schoolchildren. The results of the pedagogical experiment showed the expediency and effectiveness of the proposed method. It provides a holistic approach in the framework of extracurricular sports and recreation activities to improve the indicators of younger schoolchildren cognitive abilities.
Physical exercises and fat burners – the easy road to severe consequences?
Authors: Shuvalova Nadezhda , Drandrov Gerold , Lezhenina Svetlana , Karpunina Antonina , Igonin Yuvenali
Published: November 2020

The aim of the study is to identify the features of the regular aerobic exercise effect, dietary diet with the intake of dietary supplements with plant components, intended for weight loss, on the reduction of body weight, fat mass, and glycemic profile of overweight women. The article presents the results of two groups of women (22 people in each) in a three-month physical fitness program to reduce excess weight, including regular exercise and adherence to dietary nutrition. Women of the first group additionally took an active substance for weight loss, containing a mixture of carnitine, chromium, arginine and guarana, green tea, citrus fruits and willow extract, women of the second group without placebo. It was found that participation in the program led to approximately the same reduction in body weight, BMI, total body fat, visceral fat and waist circumference in women of both groups. The use of a dietary supplement (fat burner) had a negative effect on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. We attribute this result to the presence of caffeine and an especially inappropriate combination of substances in the mixture. The negative influence of a fat burner on carbohydrate metabolism revealed by us in the process of physical culture and health-improving fitness must be taken into account when organizing sports nutrition with the use of biologically active additives.
Competitive activity indicators in handball. Statistics, analysis, forecast
Authors: Popovich Alexey , Bezukladnova Lyudmila , Bezukladnov Alexander , Goncharova Elena
Published: November 2020

The article deals with competition in modern sports. It reached its maximum. The competition is conducted within the limits of thousandths of a second, hundredths of a point, one point and a ball. Therefore, success comes to those teams that carefully prepare for matches. They should prepare physically, functionally and analytically, analyzing the opponent’s game. The research of specialists ’ work and review of materials published in domestic and foreign publications are carried out. The most significant analysis indicators of the competitive activity in handball are highlighted. The analysis of games in modern sports is insufficient and requires additional research on this problem.
Analysis of sports and recreation activities development in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Artemenko Taras , Artemenko Elena , Nikoforova Sayana
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the current project of physical culture, sports and health activities development in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The article presents the main trends in the development of physical culture, sports and health activities in the country and in the conditions of living in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The authors show the dynamics of growth in the number of regularly engaged in physical culture and sports, indicators of children’s and youth sports development. The authors created an actual register of physical culture and sports clubs in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The majority of sports and health clubs and associations operating on the territory of the Republic do not have state registration and founders’ documents. In municipalities, there is a shortage of qualified specialists-organizers of physical culture movement and the need for awareness-raising and advisory work among the mature and elderly population. The climatic and geographical features of the Northern region, the duration of the cold season, and the lack of appropriate sports infrastructure cause to build a system of measures for wider involvement of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) population in systematic physical exercises through the organization of physical culture and sports clubs on the ground.
Morphotypological characteristics of primary school children engaged in karate Kyokushin
Authors: Kalinina Irina , Dyakova Yulia , Polovnikova Marina , Kudryashova Yulia , Polovnikova Marina
Published: November 2020

We use anthropometric methods and caliperometry to determine the features of the primary school children physique type involved in Kyokushinkai karate, and to identify the morphological selection criteria at the stage of sports development, the morphotypological indicators of 28 primary school children were studied (8 boys at the age of 7 years and 20 boys in age 10). The length and weight of the body, total, partial body dimensions, as well as the thickness of the subcutaneous fat folds were determined. Fat-free body mass, fat, muscle and bone components were calculated by the analytical method proposed by J. Matejko. Body proportions were established according to the classification of P.N. Bashkirov based on the percentage of the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the body to its length. The somatotype was determined by the Heath-Carter method and was established on the basis of anthropometric calculation formulas. The obtained data characterizing the peculiarities of physical development, taking into account age and in the course of sports. Differences in the overall, component composition of the body in children of different ages under the influence of physical activity have been established. For children of primary school age (7 and 10 years old) who engage in Kyokushinkai karate, meso-ectomorphic and ecto-mesomorphic body types are characteristic. It is expressed in well-developed muscles and insignificant fat deposition with sufficient elongation of the body.
Social and educational setting to prepare pre-school children for study through physical education
Authors: Leont’eva Maria , Levchenkova Tatiana , Mikhailova Tamara
Published: November 2020

The challenge of preparing children for study in school has acquired particular significance in the present moment. The pre-school training programmes need to be comprehensive, involving tools and methods aimed at the development of motor, intellectual, psychological and emotional abilities. A physical education programme based primarily on play method and teaching kids to play badminton, is an effective means to get children ready for school studies. An 8-month trial of this programme, implemented as part of physical education for pre-school age children attending kindergarten or a fitness club, demonstrated an improvement in the kids’ psychological and emotional qualities (assessed via Lüscher colour test), as well as physical fitness (assessed via physical fitness tests), and confirmed the kids’ readiness for school studies (through Kern-Irasek test).
Features and age dynamics of physical development of schoolgirls aged 14-17 years based on body types
Authors: Blinkov Sergey , Levushkin Sergey , Komlev Mikhail
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the research results on the physical development of high school girls with different body types. It was found that schoolgirls of 14-17 years of astheno-thoracic somatotype were inferior in terms of girth values to their peers who had a muscular-digestive body type. But they have the longest body length. The values of A-T somatotype change most rapidly in most indicators. They have a later development. At the highest rate during this age period the lungs grow at the fastest pace.
Using Field-Effect Gas Sensors for Monitoring H2 in Transformer Oil
Authors: Litvinov Artur , Samotaev Nikolay , Etrekova Maya , Ivanova Anastasia , Filipchuk Dmitriy , Klishin Yuri
Published: November 2020

Hydrogen can be released during the thermal decomposition of organic materials, therefore, monitoring its level in the working industrial high-voltage transformer oil allows you to identify the development of degenerative processes in advance, because these processes can lead to an accident in the future. In experiments has shown that highly sensitive and small-sized field effect gas sensor based on the metal-insulator-semiconductor structure can be used for measuring of Hydrogen in oil with direct contact of its structure with transformer oil. Given the harsh environmental conditions of hydrogen measurement the field effect capacity type gas sensor were fabricated by using laser micromilling technique for fabrication compact ceramic surface mounting device package and microheater for sustentation working temperature of metal-insulator-semiconductor structure.
Barrieren und Ressourcen in der Behandlung von Patient/innen mit Migrationshintergrund in der psychosomatischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Handtke Oriana , Imgart Hartmut , Krenge Sabine , Kuhnert Judith , Schneider Jens , Mösko Mike
Published: November 2020

Patient/innen mit Migrationshintergrund nehmen Angebote der psychosomatischen Rehabilitation seltener in Anspruch und erreichen niedrigere Behandlungserfolge als Patient/innen ohne Migrationshintergrund. In der Gesundheitsversorgung begegnen Patient/innen mit Migrationshintergrund verschiedenen Prozessbarrieren und individuellen Hindernissen, die die Behandlung erschweren können. Studien haben gezeigt, dass auch für Mitarbeiter/innen in Gesundheitseinrichtungen die Behandlung von Patient/innen mit Migrationshintergrund herausfordernd sein kann.

Ziel dieser Studie ist es, Barrieren und Ressourcen von Patient/innen mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund zu erheben, die sie während ihrer Behandlung in psychosomatischen Rehabilitationskliniken erleben, und miteinander zu vergleichen. Ferner sollen die Barrieren und Ressourcen von Mitarbeiter/innen mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund in der Behandlung von Patient/innen mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund erfasst und ebenfalls verglichen werden.

Es wurden insgesamt 77 semi-strukturierte Interviews geführt (20 Patient/innen mit Migrationshintergrund und 19 ohne, sowie 14 Mitarbeiter/innen mit Migrationshintergrund, 24 ohne). Die Daten wurden transkribiert und nach der Methode der zusammenfassenden qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring mit induktiver Kategorienbildung ausgewertet.

Patient/innen mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund profitieren nach eigenen Angaben von der Behandlung in psychosomatischen Rehabilitationskliniken. Die wichtigsten Barrieren für Patient/innen mit Migrationshintergrund und Mitarbeiter/innen sind Sprachbarrieren, kulturelle Unterschiede, divergierende Erwartungen sowie die eigenschränkte interkulturelle Öffnung der Rehabilitationskliniken. Sofern diese implementiert ist, profitieren Patient/innen mit Migrationshintergrund und Mitarbeiter/innen ohne Migrationshintergrund von ihr, während v. a. Mitarbeiter/innen mit Migrationshintergrund diese gewährleisten und unter Mehrbelastungen leiden.
The Effects of Magnesium Sulfate with Lidocaine for Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block for Upper Extremity Surgeries
Authors: Beiranvand Siavash , Karimi Arash , Haghighat Shoar Majid , Baghizadeh Baghdashti Maryam
Published: November 2020

Background An addition of analgesic to anesthetic agents is likely to increase the effects of anesthesia and reduce associated adverse outcomes. Several adjuvants are studied in this regard. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of adding a magnesium adjunct to lidocaine for the induction of infraclavicular block.

Methods Patients referred to Shohada Ashayer Hospital, Khorramabad, for wrist and hand surgery were enrolled in this study. The intervention/case group included patients who received 18 mL lidocaine (2%) + 2 mL magnesium sulfate (50%), 10 mL normal saline; control group: 18 mL lidocaine (2%) + 12 mL of normal saline. After the induction of ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block, parameters such as duration of reach with respect to complete sensory and motor block, hemodynamic parameters (hypotension and bradycardia), and postoperative pain, using visual analogue scale criteria, were measured. The obtained data were analyzed using a Bayesian path analysis model.

Results A total of 30 patients were included in each group. In the case group, sensory and motor block was achieved for 12.136 ± 4.96 and 13 ± 3.589 minutes more than those in the control group. The duration of sedation and immobilization was 2.57 ± 0.764 minute and 4.66 ± 0.909 minutes lengthier in the case group. Regarding the hemodynamic parameters, blood pressure was 0.217 ± 5.031 and 1.59 ± 5.14 units lower in the case group, immediately following the block and the surgery. Similarly, heart rate was 0.776 ± 4.548 and 0.39 ± 3.987 units higher in the case group, after 30 minutes and 2 hours of the procedure. A decrease in the pain was seen at 8, 10, and 12 hours after the surgery, as compared with the control group. An addition of magnesium to lidocaine for infraclavicular block resulted in a significantly longer sedation and immobilization period and decreased postoperative pain at 12 hours.

Conclusion Heart rate and blood pressure did not decrease significantly in the case group. It can be concluded that addition of magnesium sulfate to lidocaine can produce better anesthetic and analgesic outcomes with low-to-no adverse effects.
14.8.6 Thiopyranones and Thiopyranthiones (Update 2020)
Authors: Wang Z. , Shi T. , Zhang H.-H.
Published: November 2020

Sulfur-containing compounds are ubiquitous in chemistry, pharmacy, and materials sciences. As sulfur-containing compounds, thiopyranones and thiopyranthiones, or more specifically, 2H-thiopyran-2-ones, 2H-thiopyran-2-thiones, 4H-thiopyran-4-ones, and 4H-thiopyran-4-thiones, have been widely studied and new synthetic methods have emerged as a consequence of their important biological activities and unique reactivities. This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis review of these compounds (Section 14.8), and covers literature published up until 2019.
Mouse livers machine learning identification based on hyperspectral x-ray computed tomography reconstructed x-ray absorption spectra
Authors: Fang Zheng , Zhong Shuo , Hu Weifeng , Cheng Siyuan
Published: November 2020

X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) is often used to examine organs, but the reconstructed images can only be used for structural identification. Whether the organs are healthy or not requires a professional doctor to examine the reconstructed image and judge from his or her own experience. The purpose of this paper is to identify the cirrhotic mouse liver and normal mouse liver with hyperspectral x-ray CT (HXCT) and machine learning. HXCT is proposed to reconstruct the x-ray absorption spectrum (XAS) characteristics of a single pixel in the reconstructed mouse liver images. HXCT uses a cadmium telluride photon counter as the x-ray detector, which can improve the spectral resolution and separate spectral lines. Filtered back-projection and algebra reconstruction technique reconstruction algorithms are used for image and XAS reconstruction. In the machine learning model, principal component analysis is utilized to reduce the dimensionality of XAS. Besides, the neural network algorithm Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to train and identify the reconstructed XAS of two different kinds of livers. These two different mouse livers can be well recognized since the accuracy goes to almost 100% based on ANN. It is feasible to employ the machine learning algorithm to identify the XAS of different mouse livers.
An experimental investigation of the effect of acid stimulation on gas extraction from coal
Authors: Zhou Xihua , Li Xianlin , Bai Gang , Bi Dechun , Liu Wentong
Published: November 2020

This study presents a novel method of acid stimulation to improve the permeability of coal seams and promote gas extraction. The mineral composition and pore structure characteristics of coal, before and after acidification, were studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The XRD images suggest that the main mineral present in coal before acidification was kaolinite. The minerals that fill the pores and fractures in coal decrease or even disappear after acidification. Furthermore, SEM images indicate that acidification increases the number and width of fracture and increases the connectivity of the fracture system. The mechanism of acid stimulation has been studied by investigating the permeability and porosity of coal. The results demonstrate that the permeability and porosity of coal show an overall increasing trend with an increase in the duration of acidification. To replicate the practical conditions in coal mines, the effects of confining pressure and temperature on permeability and porosity, with the synergistic effect of acidification, were studied for three different coal samples. The permeability of coal shows an overall decreasing trend with increasing confining pressures at constant temperatures, and the permeability first increases and then decreases with increasing temperatures at constant confining pressures. The trends in permeability and porosity are approximately consistent. The results are important for enhancing permeability and, therefore, gas extraction from coal.
Study of entropy–diffusion relation in deterministic Hamiltonian systems through microscopic analysis
Authors: Acharya Subhajit , Bagchi Biman
Published: November 2020

Although an intimate relation between entropy and diffusion has been advocated for many years and even seems to have been verified in theory and experiments, a quantitatively reliable study and any derivation of an algebraic relation between the two do not seem to exist. Here, we explore the nature of this entropy–diffusion relation in three deterministic systems where an accurate estimate of both can be carried out. We study three deterministic model systems: (a) the motion of a single point particle with constant energy in a two-dimensional periodic potential energy landscape, (b) the same in the regular Lorentz gas where a point particle with constant energy moves between collisions with hard disk scatterers, and (c) the motion of a point particle among the boxes with small apertures. These models exhibit diffusive motion in the limit where ergodicity is shown to exist. We estimate the self-diffusion coefficient of the particle by employing computer simulations and entropy by quadrature methods using Boltzmann’s formula. We observe an interesting crossover in the diffusion–entropy relation in some specific regions, which is attributed to the emergence of correlated returns. The crossover could herald a breakdown of the Rosenfeld-like exponential scaling between the two, as observed at low temperatures. Later, we modify the exponential relation to account for the correlated motions and present a detailed analysis of the dynamical entropy obtained via the Lyapunov exponent, which is rather an important quantity in the study of deterministic systems.
The mathematical model of dissipation factor with temperature–frequency effect for oil-impregnated paper bushings
Authors: Dai Quanmin , Liu Yanxia , Cheng Guang
Published: November 2020

The accuracy of insulation defect diagnosis based on the dielectric spectrum response is severely influenced by temperature for oil-impregnated paper bushing. The dielectric loss (tan δ) mathematical model with a temperature–frequency factor to restrict the application of the frequency domain dielectric spectrum (FDS) for insulation diagnosis is not clear. In this paper, five temperatures are selected to study the frequency temperature characteristic of the FDS and polarization current for oil-impregnated paper bushing. The experimental results show that the temperature has different effects on the lower frequency (0.001 Hz–1 Hz) and higher frequency (1000 Hz–10 kHz) of FDS. With the increasing temperature, the lower frequency tan δ of 1 mHz–1 Hz shows a better pattern of exponential growth, while the higher frequency tan δ at 1 kHz–10 kHz shows the declining law with the rising temperature. With the increasing temperature, the polarization current shows a better pattern of exponential growth, while resistance obviously shows the declining law of the exponential pattern. The FDS curve of oil-impregnated paper bushings can be amended by the mathematical model of tan δ for the dielectric response on site for accuracy diagnosis.
Year 2016 F=ma Contest
Authors: Kisačanin Branislav , Zhang Eric K.
Published: November 2020

This chapter contains year 2016 F = ma exam problems and solutions.
Sodium and potassium intake through juices and low alcohol beverages in Fiji
Authors: Prasad Rajendra
Published: November 2020

Sixty four different fruit juices, juice concentrates, soft drinks and beers, available in Fiji supermarkets were analysed for Na+ and K+ contents with a view to assess their potential for nutritional supplementation or exposure risk in daily life. Drinks fall in five broad categories of (a) fruit based drinks, (b) flavoured artificial drinks, (c) carbonated fizzy drinks, (d) sports drinks and (e) low alcohol drinks. The Na+, K+ contents in 100 mL of the drinks were found to be in fruit based drinks (Na+ 2–34 mg, K+ 84–246 mg), flavoured artificial drinks (Na+ + 0–59 mg), carbonated fizzy drinks (Na+ + 0–4 mg), sport drinks (Na+ 30–81 mg, K+ 0–40 mg) and beers (Na+ 1–14 mg, K+ 23–61 mg). All fruit based drinks contained significantly higher amount of potassiumas well as lower Na+/K+ ratio. Although Na+ overload is less likely to arise, except through sports drinks, fruit based drinks and beers could offer appreciable advantage in K+ supplementation. A shift towards popularization of fruit based drinks through policy decisions and taxation might have beneficial effect in controlling the growing epidemic of hypertension and CHD/CVD events in the long run in the country.
Phylogenies based on lexical innovations refute the Rung hypothesis
Authors: Jacques Guillaume , Pellard Thomas
Published: November 2020

Sino-Tibetan (Trans-Himalayan) is one of the typologically most diverse language families in the world, one of the few comprising all gradients of morphological complexity, from isolating to polysynthetic. No consensus exists as yet on whether the rich morphology found in some languages, in particular person indexation, should be reconstructed in the common Sino-Tibetan ancestor or whether it is a later innovation confined to and defining a particular “Rung” subgroup. In this article, we argue that this question is fundamentally a problem of phylogeny, and that the results of recent works on the phylogeny of Sino-Tibetan, supplemented by a more refined investigation of shared lexical innovations, provide support for the idea that person indexation morphology is not a recent innovation and that the languages lacking such a feature are thus innovative.
Some are more equal than others
Authors: Fraune Marlena R. , Šabanović Selma , Smith Eliot R.
Published: November 2020

How do people treat robot teammates compared to human opponents? Past research indicates that people favor, and behave more morally toward, ingroup than outgroup members. People also perceive that they have more moral responsibilities toward humans than nonhumans. This paper presents a 2×2×3 experimental study that placed participants (N = 102) into competing teams of humans and robots. We examined how people morally behave toward and perceive players depending on players’ Group Membership (ingroup, outgroup), Agent Type (human, robot), and participant group Team Composition (humans as minority, equal, or majority within the ingroup compared to robots). Results indicated that participants favored the ingroup over the outgroup and humans over robots – to the extent that they favored ingroup robots over outgroup humans. Interestingly, people differentiated more between ingroup than outgroup humans and robots. These effects generalized across Team Composition.
Public attitude influences actors’ visual orientation*
Authors: Lemasson Alban , Lippi Daria , Hamelin Laura , Louazon Stéphane , Hausberger Martine
Published: November 2020

Human emotions guide verbal and non-verbal behaviour during social encounters. During public performances, performers’
emotions can be affected directly by an audience’s attitude. The valence of the emotional state (positive or negative) of a broad range of
animal species is known to be associated with a body and visual orientation laterality bias. Here, we evaluated the influence of an
audience’s attitude on professional actors’ head orientation and gaze direction during two theatrical performances with controlled
observers’ reactions (Hostile vs Friendly audience). First, our speech fluency analysis confirmed that an audience’s
attitude influenced actors’ emotions. Second, we found that, whereas actors oriented more their head to the left (i.e. Right Hemisphere
Bias) when the audience was hostile, they gazed more straight ahead at Friendly spectators. These results are in accordance with the
Valence-Specific Hypothesis that proposes that processing stimuli with negative valences involves the right hemisphere (i.e. left eye) more
than the left hemisphere.
The Influence of Early Maladaptive Schemas on the Causal Links between Perceived Injustice, Negative Affect, and Aggression
Authors: Van Wijk-Herbrink Marjolein F. , Lobbestael Jill , Bernstein David P. , Broers Nick J. , Roelofs Jeffrey , Arntz Arnoud
Published: November 2020

This study adds to the understanding of why some adolescent boys react to unfair situations with anger and aggression, whereas others do not. We used an experimental design to test whether early maladaptive schemas influence the causal links between perceived injustice, negative affect, and aggression. Thirty-seven adolescent boys (13–18 years old; participation rate 67%) with severe behavior problems were randomly assigned to either the experimental condition, where a feeling of unfairness was induced, or to the control condition. Results showed that the effects of perceived injustice on aggression were mediated by angry feelings, and that this mechanism was conditional on levels of Abandonment and Entitlement schemas. These results suggest that even vulnerable schemas may underlie aggression, and that aggression treatment may benefit from a focus on underlying maladaptive schemas.
A luminescent temperature sensor based on rhodamine B on a polymer-ceramic substrate for aerothermal measurements
Authors: Leite Henrique Fanini , Claucherty Steven , Avelar Ana Cristina , da Silva Roberto Gil Annes , Sakaue Hirotaka
Published: November 2020

Temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) is a type of luminescent temperature sensor that can provide surface temperature measurements on the surface of a test article. These surface temperature measurements can be used to determine heat flux and visualize boundary layer transition on an aerodynamic body. This paper presents the static response characteristics of a TSP based on rhodamine B (RhB) applied on a polymer-ceramic supporting matrix. Six solvents with varying polarity indices were used to apply the RhB to the sensors, which were then evaluated in terms of luminescent signal level and temperature sensitivity. The results are presented and also compared to previous results for RhB on an anodized aluminum matrix. The temperature range was between 150 K and 365 K. The study confirms that the influence of the solvent on the sensor’s final characteristics is significant, and shows temperature sensitivities as high as −4.8% K−1 at 150 K when dichloromethane is used as the application solvent.
Recent progress in all-fiber ultrafast high-order mode lasers
Authors: Wang Teng , Lu Jiafeng , Yao Han , Shi Fan , Meng Linghao , Cheng Peikang , Zeng Xianglong
Published: November 2020

Ultrafast high-order mode (HOM) lasers are a relatively new class of ultrafast optics. They play a significant role in the fieldsof scientific research and industrial applications due to the high peak power and unique properties of spatial intensity and polarization distribution. Generation of ultrafast HOM beams in all-fiber systems has become an important research direction. In this paper, all-fiber mode conversion techniques, pulsed HOM laser strategies, and few-mode/multi-mode fiber (FMF/MMF) lasers are reviewed. The main motivation of this review is to highlight recent advances in the field of all-fiber ultrafast HOM lasers, for example, generating different HOM pulses based on fiber mode converters and mode-locking in the FMF/MMF lasers. These results suggest that mode selective coupler can be used as a broad bandwidth mode converter with fast response and HOM can be directly oscillated in the FMF/MMF laser cavity with high stability. In addition, spatiotemporal mode-locking in the FMF/MMF is also involved. It is believed that the development of all-fiber ultrafast HOM lasers will continue to deepen, thus laying a good foundation for future applications.
ARID1A deficiency in EBV-positive gastric cancer is partially regulated by EBV-encoded miRNAs, but not by DNA promotor hypermethylation
Authors: Kase Koji , Saito Motonobu , Nakajima Shotaro , Takayanagi Daisuke , Saito Katsuharu , Yamada Leo , Ashizawa Mai , Nakano Hiroshi , Hanayama Hiroyuki , Onozawa Hisashi , Okayama Hirokazu , Endo Hisahito , Fujita Shotaro , Sakamoto Wataru , Saze Zenichiro , Momma Tomoyuki , Mimura Kosaku , Ohki Shinji , Shiraishi Kouya , Kohno Takashi , Kono Koji
Published: November 2020

AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A), which is a tumor suppressor gene, is frequently mutated in Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric cancer [EBV (+) GC]. While most ARID1A mutations in GC are truncating mutations, leading to loss of ARID1A protein expression, epigenetic modifications appear to contribute to ARID1A deficiency in EBV (+) GC harboring wild-type ARID1A. Based on the significant role of epigenetic modifications in EBV (+) GC that contributes to ARID1A deficiency, the methylation status of ARID1A was evaluated in EBV-infected cells and GC patients using a publicly available microarray and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. EBV-encoded miRNAs that potentially target ARID1A were identified as an additional epigenetic modulator by computational prediction. In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate how EBV-encoded miRNAs affected ARID1A mRNA and protein levels. In clinical GC samples, the expression of predicted miRNAs and ARID1A and the mutation status of ARID1A was evaluated. As results, ARID1A was not hypermethylated in EBV (+) GC samples or EBV-infected GC cells. EBV infection did not alter ARID1A mRNA levels, suggesting that ARID1A protein deficiency was caused by post-transcriptional gene silencing in ARID1A-WT EBV (+) GC. Overexpression of miR-BART11-3p and miR-BART12, which were identified as miRNAs that potentially bind ARID1A, suppressed ARID1A protein expression in MKN7 and NCI-N87 cells. Highly expressed miR-BART11-3p and miR-BART12 were correlated with decreased ARID1A levels in GC tumors which did not harbor ARID1A mutations. The present findings revealed that ARID1A expression was epigenetically regulated by miR-BART11-3p and miR-BART12 in EBV (+) GC.