bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De líderes a rezagados: el deterioro de la esperanza de vida en las edades avanzadas en México frente a otros países de América Latina y el Caribe, 1990-2019
Authors: Zazueta Borboa Jesus Daniel
Published: October 2024

México está experimentando un acelerado proceso de envejecimiento demográfico que no viene acompañado de mejoras en las condiciones de salud y mortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la evolución de la esperanza de vida a la edad 65 (e65) en México con los diez países de América Latina y el Caribe con los niveles de e65 más altos en cada año durante el periodo de 1990 a 2019. Se utilizan las tablas de vida de Naciones Unidas, revisión 2022, y los métodos de descomposición para comparar las diferencias en e65 de México con otros países y su evolución en el tiempo. Se encontró que la mayoría de las diferencias en e65 de México con los otros países comparados se explica por una mayor mortalidad antes de los 79 años, la cual ha detenido el progreso en la e65 en México entre 1990 y 2019. Los resultados reflejan los retos de las políticas en salud.
Construction of the working surfaces of the tillage screw body from the compartments of the developable helicoid
Authors: Kresan Тetiana , Ahmed Ali Kadhim , Pylypaka Serhii , Volina Tatiana , Voloshko Taras
Published: October 2024

Improvement of the screw working bodies for surface tillage is important for increasing the efficiency and quality of agricultural work. The purpose of the work was to calculate the design of the screw a working body for the surface cultivation of the soil from the compartment of the developable helicoid, which would perform the technological process with minimal resistance to plunging in the soil. The surface theory, analytical, and differential geometry were used to design the working body. It is shown in the paper that through a given spiral line, which is the cutting edge of the surface (blade), it is possible to draw developable helicoids with different inclinations of rectilinear generators. Designing the surface for the best plunging into the soil is important. It is established that the proposed working body is an alternative to the existing disc-type tools. It has been proven that for a long time, spherical discs for surface cultivation of the soil were fixed on a common shaft, which was installed on the unit with a certain angle between its axis and the direction of movement of the unit, which contributed to the plunging of the discs in the soil. It is confirmed that the disc-type tillage implements were improved, but this complicated the design of the unit since each disc received an individual axis of rotation. Studies have shown that this made it possible to additionally set the roll angle, that is, the deviation of the plane of the disc blade from the vertical direction, which improved the plunging of the disc in the soil and ensured more effective turning and mixing of plant residues. The proposed screw working body combines the simplicity of the design of the common shaft and the presence of the angle of attack and roll, which confirms its effectiveness in comparison with existing analogs. The necessary calculations were made, and the surfaces of the right and left courses were constructed with the designation of the necessary structural parameters. The application of the obtained results can simplify the design of the soil processing unit
تأثير صدمات أسعار النفط على الائتمان المصرفي للقطاع الخاص: حالة اقتصاد مُصدر للنفط ويتبع نظام سعر صرف مُقيد بالدولار (1993-2023)
Authors: المانع سارة عبدالله , الحوشان حمد محمد
Published: October 2024

الأهداف: برز تساؤل الدراسة من واقع حالة اقتصاد مُصدر للنفط ويُطبق سياسات نقدية (بِأداة سعر الفائدة) لاقتصاد مُستورد للنفط؛ فما هي الكيفية التي يستجيب بها الائتمان المصرفي للقطاع الخاص لصدمات أسعار النفط؟ ويتبلور هدف الدراسة في الإجابة على هذا التساؤل؛ بمعنى تحليل وتحديد اتجاه التأثير لصدمة سعر النفط على الائتمان المصرفي للقطاع الخاص في الاقتصاد السعودي. المنهجية: تحقيقًا لهدف الدراسة فقد تم تطبيق نموذج متجه الانحدار الذاتي، والاعتماد على بيانات ربعية للفترة (1993- 2023م). النتائج: توصلت الدراسة إلى تحقق علاقة طردية بين أسعار النفط والائتمان بأثر تراكمي يتزايد على مدى 3 أعوام ليبلغ 3.1% كمعدل نمو في الائتمان لكل صدمة في سعر النفط بمعدل 1%. بالإضافة إلى وجود علاقة طردية بين معدل الفائدة الحقيقي والائتمان؛ بمعنى عند رفع الفائدة (بنقطة مئوية واحدة) فإن معدل الاستجابة التراكمية للائتمان يرتفع بنسبة 1.6% (بعد 3 أعوام)، وهو ما يُخالف النظرية الاقتصادية. كما أن مساهمة أسعار النفط في تباين (القيم المتنباء بها للائتمان) تتضح بشكل أكبر في المدى المتوسط (بعد 3 أعوام) بحيث تتسبب في تفسير 9.1% (من انحراف القيم المتنباء بها عن المتوسط) مقارنةً بنسبة 1.2% في المدى القصير (خلال الربع الأول)، وبالمثل للإنفاق الحكومي. وعلى جانب مساهمة معدل الفائدة فهي تظهر بنصيب متقارب لدى مستوى 15% (خلال الربع الأول)، و17.9% (بعد 3 أعوام). الخلاصة: قدمت الدراسة عدة توصيات منها بأنه لا يُمكن تجاهل ضرورة متابعة الائتمان بهدف التأكد من اتساق مستويات الطلب عليه مع ما هو متاح في سوق الائتمان (لاسيما خلال فترات تقلبات أسعار النفط) لتجنب احتمالية تحقق صدمة طردية مزدوجة على الائتمان عند ارتفاع أسعار النفط، وفي حالات عدم الاتساق ينبغي تفعيل سياسات تعزيز الطلب الكلي الأخرى (بخلاف سعر الفائدة والإنفاق الحكومي).
DETERMINING THE POWER REQUIRED FOR THE ANIMAL FEED GRINDER AND MIXER
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University, Aslan K. Apazhev , Yuri A. Shekikhachev ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University, Taimira Kh. Pazova ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University, Vyacheslav B. Dzuganov ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University, Ruslan A. Balkarov ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University, Amur G. Fiapshev ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University
Published: October 2024

Efficient multi-purpose grinding machines reduce consumption of specific energy and produce finished products that meet high quality requirements. For animal feeding, the rational use of concentrated feed is crucial as crushed grain mixed with roughage is the main component of animal feed mix. The paper deals with the issues of determining the required power and substantiating the main parameters of a multipurpose grinder and mixer. The study aimed to reduce the energy and metal consumption of the machine for a given quality of the product. The design of the proposed grinder and mixer allows adjusting the grinding module according to technical requirements within 1.3...2.6 mm, at a production rate of 0.4...3.0 t/h and with the specific energy consumption of 7...11 kWh/t.
CALCULATION OF ELECTRICAL MODES OF POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Mytishchi branch), Georgy I. Kolnichenko , Yakov V. Tarlakov ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Mytishchi branch)
Published: October 2024

When solving the issues of creation and improvement of power supply systems, calculations of steady-state modes are the most common. Since power supply systems contain nonlinear elements, their steady state mode is described by nonlinear equations. Solving such equations is possible only by iterative methods, which is associated with the problem of convergence of the iterative process. The proposed method calculations of steady-state modes are the most common in solving the issues of creation and improvement of power supply systems, and the algorithms implementing it are relatively easy to program and provide the necessary speed and accuracy of calculations. They are designed to solve a number of practical problems related to the design and operation of complex closed power supply systems. Due to a number of features of electrical systems, which are inherent in the power supply systems of the agricultural and forestry complex, the convergence of the iterative process may be delayed and even not provided. In this regard, the authors proposed a direct calculation method with cyclic correction of the initial information for each cycle in order to take into account the nonlinearity of the elements of the electrical system. The proposed method is based on universal calculation formulas for determining eigenand mutual resistances, which are obtained as a result of transformation and solution of nodal equations
BOTANICAL FEATURES OF WINTER SUREPITSA – A PROMISING OILSEED CROP IN WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Denis P. Ilyin
Published: October 2024

. In conditions of a reduction in the number of livestock, grain crops are growing in the crop rotation due to the feed wedge. Under these conditions, the development of the technology of oilseeds, in particular from the cabbage family, will improve the water-air regime of the soil, porosity, structurality, water permeability and water strength of the aggregates of the arable layer. Cabbage crops were cultivated at different stages of the development of agriculture. Rapeseed and rapeseed vegetable oil were used for lighting, in soap making, especially for the lubrication of steam engines during the rapid development of industry before the production of mineral oils from fossil hydrocarbons. With the introduction of 00 and 000 varieties of rapeseed and surepitsa, vegetable oil began to be widely used for food purposes and in the production of biodiesel. Winter varieties of rapeseed and surepitsa are characterized by high seed yields. Often these two cultures are mistaken for one species. Having a lot in common, rapeseed and surepitsa and their winter forms differ in botanical and biological features. Surepitsa as a species began to be described in the middle of the XVII century. culture has received many names at different times. According to E.N. Sinskaya, winter surepitsa is one of the subspecies of turnips (B. Rapa subs. Biennis (Metzg) Sinsk), and spring surepitsa is an independent species (Br. Campestris L.). Often in production conditions, winter surepitsa is presented as winter rapeseed. Winter rapeseed is less hardy than winter wheat. Winter wheat ripens 10–12 days earlier in comparison with winter rapeseed and is less productive. In the conditions of Western Siberia, winter wheat ripens in the second decade of July, forms a seed yield of 20 or more c/ha. in 2022, the area of winter wheat crops in the Kemerovo region amounted to about five thousand hectares with a yield of 13.5 c/ha.
EFFECT OF MODERN HIGHLY EFFECTIVE IMMUNOSTIMULANTS ON DYNAMICS OF CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN SOWS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Gergiy V. Bazekin , Ildar R. Gatiyatullin ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Ilgiz R. Dolinin ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Almaz R. Sharipov ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Evgeniy N. Skovorodin ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Ivan V. Chudov ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: October 2024

The paper presents experimental data on the effect of glycyrrhizic acid and nucleostim on the cellular immunity in sows. The study found that the glycyrrhizic acid in combination with nucleostim is promising for the formation of cellular immunity in sows.
DESIGNS OF MICROTECHNOLOGICAL INSTALLATIONS WITH WORKING CHAMBERS OF HYBRID TYPE
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Tukhvatullin Midhat I. , Axmetshin Artur T. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Atnagulov Dinar T. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: October 2024

The article provides information about the design and purpose of microwave electrotechnological installations for thermal and non-thermal microwave modification and about microwave electrotechnological installations with hybrid-type working chambers. The problems of microwave electrotechnological installations with working chambers of hybrid type are formulated. Thus, the high prices of microwave generators reduce the economic efficiency of the installation, additional scientific studies of non-thermal microwave modification are required in order to determine the optimal values for the parameters of the microwave generator and the transport system of the microwave electrotechnological installations. The advantages of microwave electrotechnological installations with hybrid chambers in comparison with microwave electrotechnological installations for heat treatment of dielectric materials and non-thermal processing of polymeric materials are substantiated, which indicates the expediency of their wide distribution in industry and agriculture.
INFLUENCE OF THE AGE OF THE GEESE OF THE PARENT FLOCK ON THE ABILITY OF GEESE TO REPRODUCE
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Gayfullina Alfiya R.
Published: October 2024

Such indicators as the volume and quality of ejaculate in ganders, egg production per average laying hen, the weight of eggs of geese of the parent flock, the incubation quality of eggs of geese of the parent flock characterize the ability of the bird to reproduce.The timing of the use of poultry in farms is determined by the level of productivity of a particular type of bird at different ages. Age-related changes in egg production associated with a gradual decrease in sexual function are characteristic of bird s of all species and breeds, but to varying degrees. Establishing the timing of the use of poultry is important, both in terms of obtaining quality products and its cost. The best reproduction rates were found in geese of the second and third use and ganders of the fourth year, which had a positive effect on the results of incubation.
USE OF MARAL ROOT-BASED PRODUCTS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY (OVERVIEW)
Authors:   Kemerovo state agricultural academy, Rassolov Sergey N. , Kravchenko Ivan G. ,   Kemerovo state agricultural academy
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the work is to summarize the results of our own research, as well as studies of domestic and foreign authors to study the composition, properties and issue of the use of drugs isolated on the basis of maral root in the process of growing farm animals. In connection with the adoption of a number of technical regulations, the requirements for the use of antibiotics and their lagging content in the final product have been tightened, and as a result, consumer demand for «environmental production» has increased. Literature analysis has shown that maral root is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs that is of interest to zootechnics because of its valuable anabolic, antioxidant, antistress, immunotropic and antimicrobial properties. Its popularity is caused by the increased content of biologically active substances and the wide range of effects of its drugs. Maral root has a long history of medical use, especially in infections. It has been proven that the toxicity of maral root is very low. The analysis found that current scientific research on the use of maral root in animal husbandry is limited, but can be used as a reference and rationale for use in animal husbandry to improve the well-being, productivity and immune status of various farm animal species.
PROCESS FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE OF MICROPOROUS COATING GRINDING
Authors:   Rubtsovsk Industrial Institute (branch) of Altai State Technical University named after I.I. Polzunov, Alekseev Nikolai S. , Ivanov Sergei V. ,   Rubtsovsk Industrial Institute (branch) of Altai State Technical University named after I.I. Polzunov
Published: October 2024

Wear-resistant nickel-based thermal coatings used to restore worn parts are universally recognised. However, these coatings are among hard-to-machine materials as the abrasive machining causes some challenges. The main cause of poor machining performance of the coatings is due to their specific physical and mechanical properties that result in a rapid grinding wheel wear. The paper proposes a solution to improve the grinding process of the coatings by identifying optimal values of machining process factors. The process factors include cutting mode and wheel performance values that are crucial for high technical and economic indices. The paper discusses the obtained values of machining performance Qm and wear rate Qa of abrasive tools used for infeed cylindrical grinding of coatings. The research revealed dependence of machining perfor- mance and grinding wheel wear rate on various process factors: cutting modes such as the wheel speed, workpiece rotation speed and radial feed speed; grinding tool characteristics such as the grain size and hardness. The paper outlines the methods and results of abrasive machining of microporous coatings that was performed according to the infeed cylindrical grinding system and employed a fractional factorial experiment. Levels of process factors, the level values and the variation intervals are also presented in the paper. The main calculation formulas may be found here too. The paper highlights the conditions for conducting experiments and provides a theoretical basis for the selection of the size and characteristics of grinding wheels. Also, it describes the chemical composition of the thermal coatings and the prototypes dimensions. Results of the fractional factorial experiment were duly processed, linear mathematical models of the technological process were obtained, and their adequacy was checked. The paper analyses the derived empirical dependencies and gives scientific substantiation of the findings based on the metalcutting theory. The obtained dependencies could be used for solving the problem of optimising the cutting modes and improving the grinding wheel characteristics by minimising the process cost.
Pension reform in Ukraine
Authors: ROMANOVSKA Yuliia
Published: October 2024

The pension system is an important area that ensures the stability of any society. In the conditions of a full-scale invasion of russia into Ukraine, in accordance with the essence of the solidarity pension system, there is an increase in deep disparities between the available number of persons who need pension protection and persons who have to form this protection with their contributions. The aim of the research is to evaluate the pension system of Ukraine under the conditions of martial law and to substantiate the directions for its improvement. The hypothesis was tested that the level of financial stability of the pension system affects the countryʼs ability to maintain social justice and the effectiveness of state regulation of human potential. In this research it was used a systematic and logical approach; method of theoretical generalization, comparison, analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction. A feature of the pension system in Ukraine is the functioning of the first and third levels of the system, while the second is in a state of reform (does not work). The foundation of pension protection is the solidarity pension system, which suffered the most negative impact from the military operations on the territory of Ukraine. It is substantiated that today the Ukrainian and European pension systems have similar problems, which allows us to generalize the acquired experience and use advanced measures to improve the pension protection of Ukrainian citizens. Given the factors of the pension fund deficit and existing disproportions between the working population and pensioners, the following main approaches to the develop­ment of pension provision in Ukraine are proposed, such as comprehensive support for the development of non-state pension funds, the introduction of accumulative pension insurance; taking into account the European experience – the formation of an additional fund to the Pension Fund of Ukraine (PFU) to ensure a fair pension in the future. It is assumed that the use of European experience in the process of pension reform, taking into account the state of war in the country (which has no time frame for ending) will make it possible to harmonize the existing stratification between the working population and pensioners
Public-private partnerships in the agricultural sector
Authors: PANCHENKO Annа , CHEPIL Grygorii
Published: October 2024

The levels of management in the field of agriculture were systematized, a comparative ana­lysis of the international experience of management in the agrarian sphere was carried out (on the example of Germany and Italy). The current trends in digitalization of agricultural management in the world, as well as tasks and challenges of digitalization in Ukraine were described. The hypothesis of the research is that the implementation of digital solutions in the Ukrainian agricultural sector will increase the efficiency of management, especially in the condi­tions of military challenges. Methodo­logically, the research is based on the analysis of policies, strategic plans, scientific works and other sources related to management in the field of agriculture, taking into account the impact of digital techno­logies. The centralized manage­ment model in the development of the agricul­tural sector still dominates in European coun­tries. However, the EU current policy in the field of regional development provides for the transfer of as many management functions as possible to the region­nal level. This approach is also characteristic of the national model of agricultural development policy.
The most important and effective tool for the modernization of any of the known management systems in the modern world is their digitali­zation. Digitization of management in the agricu­ltural industry at all levels, from the state to small agribusiness entities, is no exception. The further digital transformation of manage­ment in national agriculture represents a higher level of digital integration, which affects the most complex organi­zational changes in the structures of state admi­nistration and agribusi­ness. The results of the implementation of these tasks can significantly affect the growth of profits in the agricultural business and the competitiveness of products, which will allow the agricultural industry to reach modern global technological boundaries
Assessment of brand value
Authors: CHEPELENKO Anzhelika , TSERKOVNYY Sergiy , DANCHENKO Larysa
Published: October 2024

With regard to the valuation of brands, there are many studies, concepts, methods, standards, recommendations and legal decisions. However, not all of them can be applied in practice, because evaluating the value of a brand from an economic point of view and the value of a brand in accordance with existing accounting and financial accounting standards is not an iden­tical valuation process, which is complicated by the procedure for recognizing a brand as an intangible asset, the opportunities and condi­tions for clarifying its value, understanding its market capitalization and its reflection in the balance sheet or the impossibility and inexpe­diency of such reflection, understanding the strength of the brand (on the example of the Apple brand) and branding (on the example of the Apple and Microsoft brands). This situation requires to study: the condi­tions under which a brand can be recog­nized as an intangible asset; what exactly can be consi­dered the value of the brand as an intangible asset; exactly what brand value can be reflected in the companyʼs balance sheet and under what conditions; why there is a frantic gap between the companyʼs book value and its market capitalization, what can be affected by a change in the market capitalization of the brand and how reputational risks can affect a change in the market capitalization of the brand. A compre­hensive overview of the complexity and multifac­torial nature of asses­sing the value of brands and its reflection in the financial statements of companies is offered. Hypothesis: There is only one meaningful form of value for evaluating and verifying the brand value: the price a buyer is willing to pay for the brand in a real deal. 
In the process of research, scientific methods of theoretical generalization and grouping were used (to systematize methods, methodologies, estimates of the value of brands and their analysis); formalization, analysis and synthesis (for interpretation of analytical materials); logi­cal generalization of results (formulation of conclu­sions). The existing opportunities, condi­tions and procedures for recognizing a brand as an intangible asset and assessing its value were considered and analysed; it was found that brands are increasingly not recognized as an intangible asset and their value is not included in the balance sheets of companies. Estimating the value of a brand as a separate intangible asset remains a problematic issue because of the valuation itself, its confirmation and annual revaluation, value fluctuations, which is compli­cated by the lack of an effective (active) market and a consistent procedure and practice for assessing brand value
Hospitality development strategy: regional context
Authors: KYFYAK Vasyl , KYFYAK Oleksandr
Published: October 2024

Having a strategy for the development of the hospitality sector for any region will not only contribute to the establishment of a structured dialogue between the authorities and business in the service sector, but will also ensure the effective use of resource potential, the creation of new jobs, an increase in revenues for budgets of all levels, stable development and realization of export potential region European integration processes and economic problems caused by Russiaʼs aggression actualize this issue, parti­cularly in the context of determining its impact on the social and economic development of the region and the country in general. Within the framework of the research, the hypothesis was put forward that the development of the hotel-restaurant and tourism business in the region depends on the priorities of strategic develop­ment and the formation of the regional strategy for the development of the hospitality sector. The research was carried out on the basis of the stu­dy of foreign experience, diagnostics of the activities of hospitality enterprises of the Cher­nivtsi region, surveys of entrepreneurs in the field of hospitality, the use of comparison and modeling methods. According to the results of the survey, additional criteria to the basic guidelines defined by the Law of Ukraine "On the Basics of State Regional Policy" were revealed, which must be taken into account when forming the regional strategy for the develop­ment of the hospitality sector for a specific region. A structural model of the formation of the regional strategy for the development in Cher­nivtsi region has been developed. Based on the research of relevant European experience, it was established that the formation of regional strategy for the development should be aimed at creating conditions for the full realization of the regionʼs tourism potential, building infrastruc­ture in accordance with international standards and creating new competitive advantages. The results of the research confirm the relevance of the formation of the hospitality development strategy, especially in those regions where there is adequate resource provision and development prospects. In practice, the results of the research can be used by local authorities, public organi­zations and businesses. Due to the fact that the regional strategy for the development of the hospitality sector has a three-part character, combining state, regional and interregional (cross-border) policies, the issue of determining its impact on the social and economic develop­ment of the region and the country in general requires further research
Peningkatan Kesadaran Ibu-Ibu tentang Penggunaan Obat melalui Sosialisasi DAGUSIBU Obat di Desa Sobokerto
Authors: Utomo Suryadi Budi , Putri Rischa Oktaviana Christy , Marwanto Muhammad Danang , Pramudya Alfiah Putri Chandra , Putranto Rizky Akbar Wahyu
Published: October 2024

Penggunaan obat yang tidak tepat masih menjadi masalah di Desa Sobokerto, Kabupaten Boyolali. Banyak masyarakat belum memahami cara mendapatkan, menggunakan, menyimpan, dan membuang obat dengan benar, yang dapat menyebabkan efek samping berbahaya seperti keracunan dan overdosis. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan pemahaman ibu-ibu PKK Desa Sobokerto tentang pengelolaan obat yang benar melalui sosialisasi DAGUSIBU (Dapatkan, Gunakan, Simpan, Buang) obat dengan baik dan benar. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini melibatkan pendekatan partisipasi berupa sosialisasi interaktif melalui presentasi, penayangan video edukasi, kuis, dan sesi tanya jawab. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan oleh mahasiswa KKN Universitas Sebelas Maret bekerja sama dengan pemerintah desa. Materi yang disampaikan mencakup cara mendapatkan obat yang benar, aturan pakai, penyimpanan, serta cara aman membuang obat yang sudah kadaluwarsa atau rusak. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa ibu-ibu PKK sangat antusias dan menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman mengenai pengelolaan obat. Ini ditunjukkan melalui kemampuan mereka menjawab pertanyaan dari narasumber dengan benar. Peningkatan kesadaran ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi kesalahan dalam penggunaan obat di masyarakat Desa Sobokerto. Kesimpulannya, sosialisasi DAGUSIBU berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat, namun diperlukan tindak lanjut berupa pelatihan kader kesehatan agar program ini dapat berkelanjutan. Monitoring jangka panjang juga diperlukan untuk memastikan perubahan perilaku dalam pengelolaan obat di tingkat rumah tangga.
La crisis de la COVID-19: ¿una oportunidad perdida para la reforma educativa?
Authors: Urra Canales Miguel
Published: October 2024

Introducción: Se realizó una investigación con la hipótesis de que los centros educativos, por norma general, habían innovado durante la pandemia y que, al final de la misma mantendrían las mejores iniciativas, generando un cambio estructural en el sistema educativo. Metodología: Se diseñó un cuestionario con la participación de un grupo de orientadores de Educación Primaria y se obtuvieron 106 respuestas válidas de una muestra significativa de docentes y personal de los departamentos de orientación de centros públicos, privados y concertados de 16 comunidades autónomas. Resultados: La situación creada por la COVID-19 solo tuvo un impacto significativo en la aceleración de los procesos de implantación de tecnología en las aulas y en algunos aspectos logísticos. Discusión: Se dio el contexto adecuado para una gran transformación en la Educación Primaria pero, tras la pandemia se volvió a la normalidad. Conclusiones: Se perdió la oportunidad de llevar a cabo una reforma educativa. Algunas iniciativas puntuales puestas en marcha durante la pandemia se han mantenido gracias al esfuerzo personal del profesorado, pero estructuralmente no se han consolidado programas y proyectos innovadores con capacidad de transformar el sistema educativo.
La incidencia de la innovación en la productividad y la pobreza de los productores orgánicos de hortalizas en Arequipa
Authors: Hinojosa Pérez Anatolia Hortencia
Published: October 2024

Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la incidencia de la innovación en la productividad y la pobreza de los productores orgánicos de hortalizas en Arequipa. Metodología: La metodología es de enfoque mixto, porque es cuantitativa y cualitativa; diseño no experimental, de corte longitudinal (2008-2022) y transversal (2022); es de alcance descriptivo, relacional y explicativo porque se analiza la incidencia de la innovación en la productividad y la pobreza. La población son los datos estadísticos del Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, la muestra son 15 años, y para determinar la relación de las variables estudiadas se ha desarrollado un modelo econométrico con datos que muestran los resultados del estudio. Resultados: De acuerdo a las estadísticas históricas encontradas, determinó que las variables se asocian estadísticamente. Igualmente, la Correlación de Pearson, demostró más relaciones positivas bajas y moderadas, que negativas. Discusión: La innovación tiene una incidencia positiva en la productividad y disminuye la pobreza de los productores orgánicos de hortalizas. Conclusiones Los efectos de innovación de productos, procesos, organizaciones, marketing han incrementado la producción, el nivel de ingresos, así como la mejora de la calidad de las viviendas con servicios básicos de los productores orgánicos de hortalizas.
“We Know Little About the Early Bryusov...”: The Work of the Poet-Symbolist as Reflected in the Scholarly Heritage of N. K. Gudziy
Authors: Frolov Maxim A.
Published: October 2024

The article attempts to talk about that part of the scholarly heritage of the literary historian, textual critic, teacher N.K. Gudziy, which is dedicated to the work of the poet, prose writer, literary critic, translator, public figure V.Ya. Bryusov. Based on unpublished archival materials, printed works, materials from Gudziy’s personal archive and correspondence, the scholar’s contribution to the development of domestic “Bruce studies” is characterized, and the main circumstances that influenced the formation of his reading and research interest in this topic are identified. In addition, the background to the birth of Gudziy’s main scholarly works, dedicated to Bryusov and the early stage of the formation of Russian symbolism, is presented, and the scholar’s active work at the 2nd Moscow State University, the State Academy of Artistic Sciences, and the “Circle in Memory of Valery Bryusov” is considered from the point of view of the researcher’s movement towards chosen topic and object of critical interest. The presented materials allow us to trace the fate of several research subjects – the history of early Russian symbolism, Bryusov’s youthful creativity, the change of his creative and critical interests, the role of the literary environment in the poet's life – from their birth and systematization of archival materials to printed embodiment.
La aceptación comunitaria: ¿una cualidad del impacto ambiental?
Authors: Mosquera Benítez Héctor Damián , Abadía Gamboa Vivian Liseth
Published: October 2024

Este artículo muestra los resultados de un estudio descriptivo que tuvo como propósito principal elaborar un concepto de la variable ‘Aceptación comunitaria del impacto ambiental’ y validar su inclusión en las ecuaciones que se utilizan en los estudios de impacto ambiental, aplicando la Valoración Cualitativa de Impactos Ambientales (VACIA). Se utilizó un cuestionario aplicado a los expertos que asistieron al Tercer Congreso Internacional de Ciencias Ambientales en la Universidad Mariana de la ciudad de Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. 17 expertos respondieron el cuestionario, de los cuales 13 contestaron afirmativamente a la pregunta sobre si estaban de acuerdo en considerar a la aceptación comunitaria como una característica social del impacto ambiental; cuatro respondieron que no. Con estos resultados, en conclusión, se valida la hipótesis, en el sentido de que es posible establecer dicho parámetro como una cualidad de los impactos ambientales y, por consiguiente, podrá incluirse en las ecuaciones que se empleen para calcular la importancia de los impactos ambientales en el marco de la VACIA.
¿Qué tan sostenibles son las mezclas asfálticas con grano de caucho reciclado?
Authors: Cortés Arévalo Paula , Becerra Rincón David , Sandoval Herrera Juan
Published: October 2024

El volumen de residuos de neumáticos generados a nivel mundial, con sus consecuencias sobre el medio ambiente y la salud humana, han hecho surgir alternativas para su valorización. La alternativa más usada es la fabricación de pavimentos flexibles y de láminas impermeabilizantes, por mezcla de asfalto con grano de caucho reciclado (GCR). En pavimentación, esta mezcla se puede realizar mediante dos vías: la seca y la húmeda; pero ¿qué tan sostenibles son estas mezclas? En esta investigación se recolectó información sobre las etapas de estos procesos, las propiedades fisicoquímicas de las materias primas y productos, así como su riesgo para la salud y el medio ambiente, teniendo en cuenta el porcentaje máximo de GCR en el producto final. Luego, se seleccionaron los indicadores de sostenibilidad ambiental, económica y social basados en las frases H de las sustancias y se jerarquizaron los criterios para su evaluación con apoyo de expertos. Finalmente, se hizo el análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV) para fases principales de la vía más sostenible de la etapa anterior. La vía húmeda con un 15 % en masa de GCR con respecto al ligante asfáltico es el método más sostenible, con menores puntajes en el total de los indicadores aire, peligro a la salud y económico; en los indicadores de residuos e impactos al agua, las dos vías fueron iguales. El ACV arrojó que la mezcla asfalto con GCR es un viable con impactos menores en cuanto a acidificación, eutrofización, calentamiento global e impactos respiratorios, en comparación con procesos afines.
Crisis ambiental y su gestión en sistemas dinámicos empresariales en Popayán, Cauca
Authors: Betancourt Villalobos Wilson Andrés , Riascos López Paola Alejandra
Published: October 2024

Este texto explora las herramientas de marcos teóricos poco usados en el análisis de las dinámicas empresariales relacionados con el manejo ambiental; la aplicación del estudio permite focalizarse en la ciudad de Popayán, donde se recogió información primaria y secundaria que reflejó los principales momentos de crisis ambiental que ha atravesado el sistema socioecológico local. Entre las conclusiones se observa que, en términos de resiliencia, pese a las modificaciones sufridas en las dinámicas de los ciclos, atravesadas especialmente por las distintas coyunturas de orden antrópico y catástrofes naturales, no se ha logrado resolver todos los problemas por medio de las soluciones adaptativas que se implementó para algunos escenarios empresariales comprometidos con la gestión social y ambiental.
Análisis de las características socioeconómicas y su importancia en los procesos de restauración ecológica en el humedal Ramsar La Cocha
Authors: Madroñero Palacios Sandra Milena
Published: October 2024

El estudio se centró en analizar las características socioeconómicas y su relación con la restauración ecológica en el humedal Ramsar La Cocha, ubicado en la Laguna de La Cocha en Pasto, Colombia. El objetivo principal fue entender cómo las dinámicas socioeconómicas afectan la cobertura del suelo y la conservación del humedal. Se aplicó 100 encuestas semiestructuradas en las veredas con mayor densidad poblacional, explorando aspectos como: ingresos, actividades económicas y, percepciones sobre la conservación ambiental. La metodología incluyó técnicas de minería de datos y análisis de textos para procesar las encuestas y entrevistas. Se utilizó un enfoque multidisciplinario que integró análisis estadísticos y minería de datos para identificar patrones y tendencias en las dinámicas socioeconómicas del área de estudio. Los principales resultados indicaron que, actividades agrícolas y ganaderas han contribuido significativamente a la deforestación y pérdida de cobertura vegetal en el humedal. No obstante, se evidenció un creciente interés local por la conservación ambiental, aunque persisten desafíos como la sobreexplotación de recursos forestales y prácticas agrícolas intensivas. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de estrategias sostenibles que promuevan un equilibrio entre el desarrollo económico y la conservación ambiental para asegurar la sostenibilidad del humedal Ramsar La Cocha.
Medikalisierung schulbezogener Krisen – Schüler:in-Sein zwischen Pathologisierung, Leiden in und an Schule und der Beanspruchung von Teilhabe
Authors: Becher Julia
Published: October 2024

Der Beitrag zeigt ausgehend von Erkenntnissen einer schüler:innenbiografischen rekonstruktiven Längsschnittstudie, welche Bedeutung die Bearbeitung schulbezogener Krisen innerhalb des medizinisch-therapeutischen Handlungsfeldes lebensgeschichtlich einnimmt und wie sich infolgedessen bildungsbiografische Entwürfe restrukturieren. Anhand der Fallanalysen wird verdeutlicht, wie sich, im Laufe des Lebens, Aneignungen psychiatrischen Wissens und diagnoseförmiger Zuschreibungen in Relation zu schulbiografischen Exklusions- und Verletzungserfahrungen vollziehen und hierüber Teilhabeansprüche artikuliert werden. Im Hinblick auf die Erforschung von Prozessen der Pathologisierung schulbezogener Krisen widmet sich der Aufsatz einem subjekt- und biografietheoretischen Desiderat und argumentiert für die Berücksichtigung sinnstruktureller Zusammenhänge, wobei an das strukturtheoretisch fundierte Konzept des Bildungsselbst angeknüpft und dieses mit Blick auf die medizinisch-therapeutische Bearbeitung schulbezogener Krisen geschärft wird.
Die Relevanz der schulischen Lern- und Leistungszielorientierungen von Schüler:innen für deren wahrgenommene soziale Beziehungen in ihrer Schulklasse
Authors: Wolgast Anett , Keller-Schneider Manuela
Published: October 2024

Soziale Wahrnehmungen und positiv erlebte soziale Interaktionen sind wichtig für spätere Erfahrungen in heterogenen Gruppen, kultureller Vielfalt und inklusiven Bildungskontexten. Basierend auf sozialkognitiven Theorien sind aus zahlreichen Studien Erkenntnisse zur Bedeutung von Motivation in der Schule vorhanden. Relativ wenig beforscht sind jedoch Längsschnittbeziehungen zwischen der schulischen Lernoder Leistungszielorientierung von Schüler:innen und ihrer späteren Wahrnehmung sozialer Beziehungen zu anderen Kindern in der Schule. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist zu überprüfen, inwiefern sich bei Schüler:innen (Durchschnittsalter 11 Jahre) die Beziehungen zwischen ihrer Lern- vs. Leistungszielorientierung und ihrer späteren Wahrnehmung sozialer Beziehungen zu anderen Schulkindern unterscheiden. Mittels einer Strukturgleichungsmodellierung wird dies anhand von Daten über zwei Messzeitpunkte aus der Längsschnittstudie RUMBA-S mit Schüler:innen der Primarstufe in der Schweiz untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen statistisch signifikante Effekte von der Lernzielorientierung der Schüler:innen auf ihre späteren wahrgenommenen sozialen Beziehungen zu Mitschüler:innen, jedoch nicht signifikante Zusammenhänge zwischen der Leistungszielorientierung und den wahrgenommenen sozialen Beziehungen.
Von der Betroffenheit zur Befreiung? Such-Bewegungen feministischer Kritik
Authors: Mendel Iris
Published: October 2024

Persönliche Erfahrung war und ist umstrittener Einsatzpunkt feministischer Kritik. Im Beitrag diskutiere ich anhand theoretischer und autobiografisch inspirierter feministischer Texte das Verhältnis von Betroffenheit und Befreiung, Erfahrung und Kritik. In einer Analyse einer Sammlung fiktiver Briefe von Aktivist*innen verschiedener Generationen an sich selbst als Jugendliche gehe ich dem subjektiven Kritisch- Werden im gesellschaftspolitischen Kontext nach. Dabei geht es auch um die Frage, welches theoretische und methodologische Verständnis feministischer Kritik in den Briefen artikuliert wird und inwiefern dieses für eine (Selbst-)Reflexion der Geschlechterforschung relevant ist, nicht zuletzt im Hinblick darauf, wie diese geschrieben werden kann. Folgende Momente feministischer Kritik werden herausgearbeitet: Bewegung, Entfremdung, Un/Glück, Theorie, (Selbst-)Sorge, Risiko und Community. Abschließend diskutiere ich die Prekarität und das Potenzial eines solchen in persönlichen Erfahrungen und alltäglicher Praxis verankerten Kritikverständnisses.
Ein Weg zu neuen Fragenstellungen. Zur Operationalisierung von Geschlechtlichkeiten in der empirischen Sozialforschung
Authors: Arneth Sabrina A.
Published: October 2024

Der Beitrag ordnet methodenkritisch und geschlechtertheoretisch die jüngsten Entwicklungen bei der Konstruktion neuer Geschlechtsabfragen in der standardisierten empirischen Sozialforschung ein. Dabei wird festgestellt, dass geschlechtertheoretische Konzeptspezifikationen in der Regel fehlen. Um die Analysepotenziale für die Geschlechterforschung, welche in quantitativen Datenbasen ruhen, auszuschöpfen, sollte der Zweck der Erhebung von Geschlechtlichkeiten reflektiert und vor der Operationalisierung mehrdimensionale Konzeptspezifikationen im Einklang mit zeitgenössischen Theorien von Geschlechtlichkeiten erarbeitet werden. Zudem sind Reifizierungseffekte auch in standardisierten Forschungsprozessen zu analysieren. Dafür bedarf es aufgrund der fortschreitenden Etablierung neuer Items einer Intervention von Geschlechterforscher*innen.
‘No woman’s land’: A study of women’s land rights in context of neoliberal dispossession and gender relations in India
Authors: Sharma Devika , Bhagat Lakshita
Published: October 2024

Given the complex web of socio-cultural factors, intersectional features of gender identity and the recent trajectories of a lack of land resources, the rise of alternative gainful employment, and a feminization of agriculture, this paper investigates whether land rights are the ultimate panacea for women’s autonomy. Land can be a source of women’s empowerment albeit the patriarchal Indian society restricts women’s right to property. Women in India are not a homogenous category. They are defined by their intersectional identities of caste, class, ethnicity, stages in their life course and subjectivities regarding demands for land. A more nuanced approach to women’s land rights is proposed in view of the agrarian crisis, restricted social validity of women’s land claims and other factors. Research has been conducted including an analysis of various feminist and intersectional debates concerning land rights in India, government reports, legal judgements, and religious text, among others.
Negotiating caste, gendered and colonial subjectivities in the neoliberal academy
Authors: Dixit Anukriti
Published: October 2024

This paper highlights how researchers are subjugated through hegemonic academic norms and how they simultaneously recognize the privileges attached to their subject positions. I illustrate difficulties in negotiating my privileges, particularly of caste, and my experiences of marginalisation as a ‘third world woman’ in the European academy. Such competitive insecurity is illustrative of both neoliberal logics of enterprise and responsibility as well as caste-based logics of merit and deservingness. Academia as a field of knowledge production historically consolidates power in the hands of a shrinking set of elites. Attitudes of competition and uncertainty produce subjects that turn to selfinterested modes of acquiring and analysing data, thereby producing hegemonic knowledges, which ignores the situatedness and politics of the research context. Caste is addressed together with gender, coloniality, ability, sexuality and ethnicity (among other subjectivities) as an intersectional co-producer of exclusion. Invoking caste-based imperialist logics is essential for unpacking the privileged subjectivities that produce elitism and exclusion in academia and in knowledge production.