bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of topical cinnamon gel for the treatment of facial acne vulgaris: A preliminary study
Authors: Ghovvati Maedeh , Afshari Gholamreza Kord , Nasrollahi Saman Ahmad , Firooz Alireza , Samadi Aniseh , Karimi Mehrdad , Talebi Ziba , Kolahdooz Sima , Vazirian Mahdi
Published: January 2019

Background: Acne vulgaris is a common chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. Topical therapy is the mainstay of treatment for mild-to-moderate acne. Two main problems with conventional anti-acne treatments are antibiotic resistance and local side effects. In this regard, medicinal herbs could be an alternative choice for developing new products with fewer side effects. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a topical formulation of cinnamon in patients with facial acne.

Method: In this open-label, assessor-blind, and uncontrolled clinical trial, 20 patients (18F/2M) with mild-to-moderate facial acne were treated with topical cinnamon gel twice-daily for eight weeks. The outcomes of acne lesion count, red fluorescence parameters and skin biophysical profile were evaluated at baseline, 4th and 8th week. For safety assessment, any adverse drug reaction was recorded during the study.

Results: Two months after using cinnamon gel, there was a significant reduction in the total (47%, p=0.000), inflammatory (42%, p=0.026), and non-inflammatory (48%, p=0.002) lesion count. Also, the size of red fluorescence spots was significantly reduced (p<=0.05). In skin biophysical measurement, there was a significant decrease in erythema (61.31+/-68.25), sebum (31.05+/-36.15), and hydration (10.05+/-10.16), as well as a significant increase in pH (0.63+/-0.75). Some patients experienced mild, transient erythema and burning immediately after applying the gel, but no serious side effects were reported.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that topicalcinnamongel is efficient and safe for the treatment of mild-to-moderate facial acne.

IRCT registration code: IRCT2016031126938N3
Priorities for Pediatric Patient Safety Research
Authors: Hoffman James M. , Keeling Nicholas J. , Forrest Christopher B. , Tubbs-Cooley Heather L. , Moore Erin , Oehler Emily , Wilson Stephanie , Schainker Elisabeth , Walsh Kathleen E.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:

Developing a research agenda that is focused on the priorities of key stakeholders may expedite implementation and dissemination. Our objective was to identify the highest-priority patient-safety research topics among pediatric clinicians, health care leaders, and families.

METHODS:

The Children’s Hospitals Solutions for Patient Safety Network is a network of >100 children’s hospitals working together to eliminate harm due to health care. Parents and site leaders responded to an open-ended, anonymous e-mail survey used to elicit research topics. A key stakeholder panel winnowed related topics and prioritized topics using Likert scale ratings. Site leaders and parents responded to a second anonymous e-mail survey and rated the importance of each topic. Health system executive interviews were used to elicit their opinions regarding top priorities for patient-safety research.

RESULTS:

The elicitation survey had 107 respondents who produced 49 unique research topics. The key stakeholder panel developed a final list of 24 topics. The prioritization survey had 74 respondents. Top-priority research topics concerned high reliability, safety culture, open communication, and early detection of patient deterioration and sepsis. During 7 qualitative interviews, health system executives highlighted diagnostic error, medication safety, deterioration, and ambulatory patient safety as priority areas.

CONCLUSIONS:

With this study, we take a first step toward a stakeholder-driven research agenda on the basis of the assumption that stakeholders are best positioned to determine what research will be used to address the problems of most concern to them.
Contemporary Ukraine`s political and communication strategy: modernization directions
Authors: Boyarska O. A.
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the peculiarities of the formation of the political and communication strategy of modern Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to aspects of the implementation of information warfare. The specificity of a decentralized system for responding to political and communication challenges has been established. The principles of cooperation and dialogue within the framework of strategy development are given attention. Significant role and place of political-communication strategy within the framework of political transformations of modern Ukraine is noted.
THE IMPACT OF NATO ENLARGEMENT ON UKRAINE CRISIS: NEOREALIST PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Muradov I.
Published: January 2019

This article introduces a new perspective to address the relationship between NATO enlargement policy and Ukraine Crisis. To simplify ongoing discussion on this subject, this particular research study utilizes two stripes of neorealism: offensive and defensive realism. Proponents of enlargement policy have been put into the offensive realists’ side whereas opponents of it are placed in defensive realist camp. This article argues that each of these paradigms pose danger for Ukraine Crisis. Therefore, it adopts a middle way between offensive and defensive realism in terms of Ukraine issue.
Subjectivity of political knowledge: gonoseological dimension
Authors: Tokovenko O. S.
Published: January 2019

The article explores the specifics of the separation of political gnoseology, political epistemology and political cognition as directions of penetration of the subject of knowledge into the essence of political phenomena and processes at the methodological level. It is emphasized that the classical and non-classical theory of cognition has paved the way for a modern scientific understanding of experimental methodology and generally accepted standards of scientific novelty. The attention is focused on the formation of one-dimensional political views on political cognition as a reflective reflection of the political world in a certain period of time by the actual means of cognition. It is emphasized that the question of the significance of the classical directions of cognition, mono-ideological and monodoctrynnyh structures of political world perception is actualized. It is argued that in the conditions of informatization and the growth of the importance of machine intelligence systems in the practice of obtaining new knowledge, it is necessary to find out the problem of the value of artificial intelligence and non-human systems of thinking for political knowledge of the future. It is substantiated that the scientific paradigm of thinking defines standard requirements for the effectiveness and efficiency of political activity. Considered the importance of part of political knowledge, which may not meet the criteria of natural or technical scientific.
Sentidos do trabalho prisional: uma revisão da literatura / The meanings of prison labor: a literature review
Authors: Fernandes Paula Cristina De Moura , Ribeiro Ludmila Mendonça Lopes
Published: January 2019

Este artigo tem o objetivo de realizar um levantamento da produção bibliográfica relativa ao tema “Trabalho Prisional”, tema que vem ganhando espaço na área de estudos organizacionais. Para tanto, foi realizada uma consulta ao Portal Capes, Scielo, Spell e Anpad, sendo incluídos artigos de revistas, bancos de dissertações, teses, notícias de jornais, livros, capítulos de livros e monografias, todos escritos e publicados nas ciências sociais aplicadas. Após os recortes empíricos restaram 27 artigos para analisar e para compreender o trabalho prisional em sua totalidade. Na tentativa de apresentar os sentidos do labor encarcerado, o tema foi reorganizado em subtemas, quais sejam: o trabalho como meio de sobrevivência, o binômio da educação e trabalho, os egressos e o mercado de trabalho, e, por fim, os trabalhadores do sistema prisional. A revisão da literatura permite concluir que a produção acadêmica voltada para a compreensão dos significados do trabalho dentro do sistema prisional destaca três elementos bastante proeminentes na teoria marxista: a humanização, a exploração e a alienação dos trabalhadores.
Editorial
Authors: Prates Jane Cruz
Published: January 2019

Editorial
¿POR QUÉ HAY UN ANTES Y UN DESPUÉS? LA POSICIÓN DE ARISTÓTELES EN FÍSICA IV 11, 219a10-19
Authors: Baño Henriquez Paloma
Published: January 2019

La referencia a un orden anterior-posterior es parte de la definición del tiempo ofrecida por Aristóteles. De ahí que sea razonable suponer que, además del habi­tual sentido temporal, el par conceptual anterior-pos­terior debe tener también un sentido distinto, del que pueda depender el sentido temporal. Tal idea parece corroborada por la tesis de Aristóteles según la cual el tiempo sigue al movimiento y el movimiento sigue a la magnitud recorrida. De acuerdo a ello, el orden an­terior-posterior del tiempo se originaría en un orden anterior-posterior del movimiento, el cual a su vez se originaría en un orden anterior-posterior de la magni­tud. Este artículo examina con detención aquella tesis, atendiendo especialmente a las dificultades que pre­senta la comprensión de lo anterior y posterior en la magnitud, nivel del que parece depender en última ins­tancia la posibilidad de explicar la existencia de un antes y un después en el tiempo. La interpretación que se propone aquí busca confirmar y hacer comprensible dicha dependencia
ALMA Y CUERPO EN NUMENIO DE APAMEA
Authors: Müller Gabriela
Published: January 2019

En el presente trabajo me propongo estudiar la relación entre el alma y el cuerpo en la filosofía de Numenio de Apamea, a partir del análisis de algunos fragmentos y testimonios conservados por diversas fuentes. Por una parte, mostraré cómo dichos mate­riales tienen como trasfondo común la polémica con­tra la filosofía de los estoicos. Por otra parte, inten­taré argumentar que la concepción del alma como princi­pio de estabilidad, por un lado, y como principio de movimiento, por otro, se resuelve en una diferen­cia­ción entre dos tipos de movimientos: uno que ga­ran­tiza la estabilidad, el orden y la racionalidad de lo real y el otro que implica irracionalidad y desorden. Pre­cisamente, en el encuentro e interacción entre ambos movimientos anímicos se ubican el mundo y también el hombre, en tanto ser corpóreo y animado.
Thermodynamic assessment of oxide system In2O3-SnO2-ZnO
Authors: Jantzen T. , Hack K. , Yazhenskikh E. , Müller M.
Published: January 2019

The In2O3-SnO2-ZnO system is of special interest for applications as transparent conducting oxides and also transparent semiconductors. In the present work, a thermodynamic assessment for this system is discussed using all available experimental data on phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties. All sub-systems including elemental combinations were considered in order to generate a self-consistent Gibbs energy dataset for further calculation and prediction of thermodynamic properties of the system. The modified associate species model was used for the description of the liquid phase. Particular attention was given to two significant solid solution phases: Spinel with the formula Zn(2-x)Sn(1-x)In2xO4 based on Zn2SnO4 and Bixbyite based on In2O3 and extending strongly toward the SnZnO3 composition according to the formula In(2‑2x)SnxZnxO3. In addition to the component oxides, nine quasi-binary compounds located in the In2O3-ZnO binary subsystem have also been included in the database as stoichiometric phases.
Sol-gel synthesis and crystal chemical properties of the pigment Zn1.9Cu0.1SiO4
Authors: Samigullina R. F. , Rotermel M. V. , Ivanova I. V. , Krasnenko T. I.
Published: January 2019

The pigment Zn1.9Cu0.1SiO4 was obtained by the method of sol-gel synthesis. The crystallization temperature was set at 776 °C, ∆H ≈ -16.3 kJ/mol. Thermal expansion of the individual Zn2SiO4 and Zn1.9Cu0.1SiO4 solid solutions was studied by in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction. It is shown that the substitution of Zn2+ → Cu2+ does not lead to significant changes in the lattice parameters; in the range from room temperature to 800 °C the structure expands monotonically when heated. The coefficients of volumetric thermal expansion for Zn2SiO4 and Zn1.9Cu0.1SiO4 are αV = 8.05 · 10-6 and 8.81 · 10-6 1/K, respectively. The colorimetric coordinates in the RGB system are 71.8% red, 72.9% green and 79.6% blue, which corresponds to the gray-blue pigment.
Ichthyofauna of headwater streams from the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin, at the boundaries of the Ponta Grossa Arch, Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Frota Augusto , Message Hugo José , Oliveira Rachel Calil de , Benedito Evanilde , Graça Weferson Júnio da
Published: January 2019

Abstract: The rio Ribeira de Iguape basin (Paraná State) is highly relevant for the preservation of remnants of the Atlantic Forest. Its high levels of diversity and fish endemism explain the river dynamics promoted by the Ponta Grossa Arch, a geological structure that promotes headwater capture and isolation between the upper rio Paraná drainage, the rio Iguaçu and the rio Ribeira de Iguape. Here, our objective was to provide an unprecedented inventory for headwater streams of the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin at the boundaries of the Ponta Grossa Arch. We found 29 species of fish representing four orders and nine families. Siluriformes was the richest order followed by Characiformes. Nine species presented high abundance of sampled individuals, contributing with 87.8% of the collections. Four species appeared in less than 25% of the sampled sites (occasional), and six species appeared in more than 50% (constant). We identified three non-described species and one non-native (Coptodon rendalli). Two species had their geographical distribution extended and the presence of Astyanax bifasciatus, endemic to the Iguaçu river basin, ratifies recent events of headwater capture between coastal drainages and those that flow into the continent. Studies of biogeographic divisors are necessary to explain the origin and dispersion processes of species in order to direct studies on diversity and preventive management actions. Coptodon rendalli (Tilapia) is an alarming record on the introduction of species in the region.
Achille Mario Dogliotti: by the 120th anniversary
Authors: Morgoshiya T. Sh.
Published: January 2019

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"Big trifles" of advanced liver resections for alveococcosis
Authors: Zagaynov V. E. , Kiselev N. M. , Belskiy V. A. , Rykhtik P. I. , Bobrov N. V.
Published: January 2019

Aim. Analysis of the techniques of advanced liver resections involving transplantation technologies which affect the results of surgery for advanced liver alveococcosis.

Material and methods. There were 65 patients with massive complicated liver alveococcosis for the period from 2008 to 2018. Radical procedures were applied in 82% of cases (n = 53). Mechanical jaundice was observed in 45% of

patients, portal hypertension — in 25%. Previous palliative surgery was applied in 58% of patients. Thirty-three patients (50.8%) had advanced parasitic lesion with involvement of afferent and (or) efferent vascular structures. Distant metastases were detected in 6 patients: metastatic lung lesions occurred in 5 of them, simultaneous injury of brain and lungs — in 1 case.

Results. There were 47 RO-resections with application of transplantation technologies including 4 extracorporeal resections and 6 orthotropic liver transplantations. Reconstruction of great afferent and efferent vascular structures was performed in 47% of cases: IVC repair — 25 cases, PV repair — 25 cases. Resection of extrahepatic bile ducts was made in 33 cases. Postoperative complications occurred in 26 cases: Clavien-Dindo type II — 5, IIIb — 13, IVb — 2, V — 6. Bile leakage ISGLS class B occurred in 6 cases, class C — in 11 cases.

Conclusion. Transplantation technologies for advanced liver resections and liver or its segment transplantation allow to achieve radical surgery in 82% of patients. Advanced operations are indicated for advanced liver alveococcosis due to good outcomes. There are various technical aspects of such operations which are useful to avoid most of complications.
Liver transplantation for metastatic colorectal cancer (case report)
Authors: Porshennikov I. A. , Sokolov A. V. , Shchekina E. E. , Chubukov A. Yu. , Tretyakova T. A. , Ostanina I. B. , Kartashov A. S. , Korobeynikova M. A. , Yushina E. G. , Bykov A. Yu.
Published: January 2019

Liver transplantation is currently controversial for colorectal cancer metastases and not recommended in clinical guidelines. We report the first Russian case of liver transplantation from cadaveric donor in a patient with multiple bilobar unresectable liver metastases of colon cancer. We observe no recurrences within 10 months on everolimus-based immunosuppression and adjuvant treatment. The current state of the problem and the place of liver transplantation in metastatic colorectal cancer treatment are discussed in a short review.
Analysis of the hepatic vessels structure in potential liver donors
Authors: Bayguisova D. Z. , Battalova G. A. , Mukhamedzhanova A. N. , Naumenko Yu. A. , Olzhabayeva A. K. , Baymakhanov B. B. , Baymakhanov Zh. B.
Published: January 2019

Aim. To analyze anatomic variants of arterial and venous blood supply of liver in potential liver donors by using of CT-angiography (CTA).

Material and methods. CTA data of 151 potential donors have been examined for the period 01.01.2016-01.01.2018. Non-ionic iodine-containing (320 mg/ml) contrast agent was used at a dose of 1.4 ml/kg and infusion rate near 4.0 ml/s. Variants of arterial anatomy were classified according to N. Michels, portal vein anatomy — according to T Nakamura classification (2002).

Results. N. Michels type I was the most common variant of arterial structure (n = 108, 71.5%). Types II and III were observed in 8.6% and in 7.9% of cases, respectively. Types IV and IX included the same number of donors (2.6%). Types VII and VIII were the rarest (0.7% and 1.3%). Types V, VI, X were absent. There were 7 cases (4.6%) with arterial variants which are not described by N.Michels classification. Moreover, 3 types were not previously described by other authors.

Conclusion. Hepatic artery variations coincide with the classification of N. Michels as a rule (95.4%). Other anatomic variants not described in this classification were observed only in 4.6% of cases.
Heidegger, Marx und die Wertkritik
Authors: Dunkhase Jan Eike
Published: January 2019

«Bei der Lektüre dieser Texte kann man sich häufig dem Eindruck nicht entziehen, mit einem gehässigen geschlossenen Wahnsystem konfrontiert zu sein.» Viele der Leser von Martin Heideggers unlängst veröffentlichten Überlegungen und Anmerkungen aus den Jahren 1931 bis 1948 mögen ähnlich empfinden. Der zitierte Befund bezieht sich allerdings gar nicht auf die berüchtigten Schwarzen Hefte, nicht einmal auf ihren Autor.
Kunst, Markt und Serie Zeitstile im frühen 21. Jahrhundert
Authors: Voss Julia
Published: January 2019

In das vergangene Jahr fallen Ereignisse, die als ungewöhnlich in der Kunstwelt gelten müssen. Nehmen wir das Beispiel Berlin: Die 9. Biennale wurde von dem vierköpfigen Kuratorenteam DIS zusammengestellt, das noch nie zuvor eine Ausstellung organisiert hatte und stattdessen durch ein Online-Magazin, eine Bilddatenbank und ein Video für die Modemarke «Kenzo» bekannt geworden war.
Der Prophet aus Basel
Authors: Rebenich Stefan
Published: January 2019

Mai 1968. In Paris brennen rund um die Sorbonne die Barrikaden. Die Bereitschaftspolizei greift hart durch. Hunderte von Verletzten sind zu beklagen. Studenten und Arbeiter finden im Kampf gegen die bestehende Ordnung zusammen. Ein Generalstreik legt Frankreich lahm.
Schock und Augenzeugenschaft. Zwei Lichtbildvorträge von Armin T. Wegner und Rabih Mroué
Authors: Berndt Daniel
Published: January 2019

Bereits 1927 konstatierte Siegfried Kracauer eine «Flut der Fotos». Paradoxerweise steht der bedrohlich wirkenden Metapher der «Flut» gelegentlich die Klage über einen Bildermangel gegenüber. Dies zumeist dann, wenn Fotografien als Beweismittel fungieren könnten, Aufklärung durch Bilder erhofft wird.
Can ethics be taught?
Authors: Kaufmann Larry
Published: January 2019

The main question of this article, 'Can Ethics be Taught?', is a critical reflection on the years I spent in association with Prozesky developing and presenting ethics training modules to a broad cross-section of professional and other groups. It describes the component parts of the workshops, comments on the rationale behind them, and also provides an analysis of both strengths and weaknesses. In a sense this is a critique of the discipline of Applied Ethics, yet at the same time it offers a possible pedagogy for what Prozesky and I would call 'ethics at the coalface'.
'What makes you think Theology is a subject?'
Authors: Williams Trevor
Published: January 2019

This article focuses on a topic, that is captured in a question that Richard Dawkins raised in 1993: 'What makes you think Theology is a subject?' My view is that this question is a symptom of how Theology is under attack from many quarters today - from the fearful believers who see it as a threat to their faith, to the secularists who see it as a threat to truth. Foremost among the opponents is Richard Dawkins. Outraged by a donation to Cambridge for the study of theology, he contrasts the usefulness of science with the uselessness of Theology. The question though, is: What is Theology? In this chapter, I draw a distinction between Confessional Theology and Critical Theology. By Confessional Theology I mean the affirmation of an exclusive point of reference by which all other claims to authority and knowledge are judged. Thus Christians 'confess Jesus Christ is Lord', and Confessional Theology is the rational articulation of the Christian Faith from within the circle of Faith - the convictions, experiences, and hopes grounded in the story of Jesus and characterized by commitment and involvement. However, there are ways in which both scientists and theologians, and the two types of Theology, can go wrong.
Christian humanism, progressive Christianity and social transformation
Authors: de Gruchy John W.
Published: January 2019

This article explores my understanding of Christian humanism in conversation with Martin Prozesky's notion of progressive Christianity and their relevance for social transformation. Central to the conversation is how we understand the role of creeds and confessions in Christian faith, and the significance of the confession that Jesus, the truly human one, is the Christ of faith. This leads me into a discussion on the Incarnation as the foundation for Christian humanism, and Eucharistic community as the embodiment and agent of social transformation.
Gandhi: A man for our times?
Authors: Brown Judith M.
Published: January 2019

Following my earlier collaboration with Martin Prozesky, my essay links with three major concerns in Prozesky's work as he has engaged with a radical critique of religious traditions and structures in the South African context of the end of apartheid: the involvement of dominant religious traditions in sustaining power structures and inequality; the nexus between religious beliefs and organizations and violence; and the failure of many 'religions' to meet the needs of serious seekers after meaning and truth. In this context, I examine the life and thought of M.K. Gandhi, particularly the way he addressed the nature of India and its problems as British imperial rule ended. It also focuses on Gandhi's critique of Hindu tradition as a powerful buttress of profound social inequality particularly relating to caste and gender; his response to violence in the name of religion and community; and finally his underlying belief that true religion was the individual's search for the divine and that all religious traditions by contrast have very partial visions of truth. Finally, in my view, Gandhi should be seen not just as an important historical figure but very much as a man for our times also.
Teilhard de Chardin's vision of science, religion and planetary humanity: A challenge to the contemporary world
Authors: King Ursula
Published: January 2019

Teilhard de Chardin (1881-1955) was a great thinker, scientist, and mystic - he was above all an extraordinary human being whose inspiring vision still remains far too little known. He visited South Africa twice, in 1951 and 1953, to undertake palaeontological research and collaborate with South African colleagues. Throughout his life, but especially towards its end, he was much interested in the future of planetary humanity and he always stressed the importance of seeing, of having a vision that pulls us forward and upward. For him, life is vision. I examine how this vision - embracing science, religion and the future of humankind - presents a challenge to the contemporary world and an inspiration to create a better future for all. I first look at our world in crisis, dominated by science, but politically fragmented, suffering from much injustice, poverty and violence. Where are we going? Teilhard's evolutionary, convergent and universalist thinking can be a guiding light for the contemporary world to move forward. At the present state of crisis, planetary humanity is faced, more than ever before, with the responsibility for its further self-evolution. Has the human species the evolutionary capacity for developing its life to a higher stage, for truly transformative action to create greater collaboration and unification, more universal peace and justice? This is a decisively critical question, for to evolve further is no longer just an option, but an imperative. What are the spiritual energy resources needed for the further development of the human community, especially the necessary zest for life, the all-transforming power of love and compassion available in order to develop an environmentally and ecologically sound way of life to ensure the wellbeing of all people and the planet? In order to be able to evolve further, we need a new spiritual awakening, and a deeply mystical, action-oriented spirituality in the contemporary world. I hope to show that Teilhard's integral vision, rooted both in modern science and a fervent faith, can be an empower-ing vision for us all.
Science in the service of society: Is marine and coastal science addressing South Africa’s needs?
Authors: Cochrane Kevern L. , Sauer Warwick H.H. , Aswani Shankar
Published: January 2019

The modern world is confronted with many and diverse social and environmental challenges of high complexity. In South Africa, rapid and sustainable development is needed to address high levels of poverty and unemployment but this development has to take place in the context of an environment that is already severely impacted by human activities. Sound and relevant scientific input and advice, covering the full scope of each challenge, is essential for effective decisions and actions to address the needs. South Africa has the benefit of strong scientific capacity but the country’s National Development Plan reported that national research priorities were not always consistent with South Africa’s needs. We investigate the validity of that conclusion in the coastal and marine sciences by examining presentations made at the 2017 South African Marine Science Symposium on the theme of ‘Unlocking the ocean’s economic potential whilst maintaining social and ecological resilience’. Despite the theme, only 21% of the presentations were judged to be actionable and directly relevant to societal needs, as defined by the criteria used. Less than 7% were evaluated as being interdisciplinary within the natural sciences and approximately 10% were found to include both natural and human sciences. Poor representation by the human sciences was also noteworthy. This preliminary assessment highlights the need for an urgent review of the disciplinary representation and approaches in marine and coastal science in South Africa in the context of the priority practical needs of the country now and into the future.
Significance:

Despite the urgent need for integrated scientific input and advice to guide responsible and sustainable national development, a preliminary snapshot of marine and coastal science in South Africa demonstrated a low regard for direct relevance and inter- and multidisciplinarity.
If these general results are verified by a more comprehensive review, urgent realignment of funding and incentives for marine and coastal science, and probably environmental science in general, is likely to be required to ensure science provides a greater service to society, which is the source of much of the country’s research funding.

Open data set:
https://sancor.nrf.ac.za/Documents/SAMSS%202017%20Congress%20Book.pdf
Growth and yield parameters of three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) lines as affected by planting date and zinc application rate
Authors: Mfeka Nonkululeko , Mulidzi Reckson A. , Lewu Francis B.
Published: January 2019

Cowpea is one of the most important food legumes in most African countries. Cowpea is a valuable source of dietary protein for both humans and their livestock. There is limited information available on cowpea production and suitable agronomic practices, such as planting date, to best suit different environmental conditions in South Africa. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two locations on cowpea production and the effect of planting date as affected by zinc application rate. Field experiments were conducted at two locations (Bien Donne’ and Nietvoorbij) in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, using two planting dates (2 October and 2 November), three cowpea lines (Veg1, M217 and Qukawa) and three zinc (Zn) fertiliser application levels (0 kg/ha, 15 kg/ha and 30 kg/ha) during the 2015 growing season. The experimental design was a randomised complete block with five replicates. The results showed that Veg1 and Qukawa lines performed significantly better in both vegetative and reproductive parameters when compared to M217 at both locations. Application of zinc fertiliser significantly (p<0.05) affected seed iron content in Veg1 and M217 at Bien Donne’ and seed iron content in M217 and zinc content in Veg1 at Nietvoorbij.
Significance:

Cowpea lines Veg1 and Qukawa were the best performing lines in all parameters measured, making these two lines suitable for dual purpose cultivation.
Planting cowpea in November, rather than October, increased the crop production efficiency.
Cowpea showed a better overall total yield in the sandy soil of Bien Donne’ than in the sandy loam clay soil of Nietvoorbij.

Open data set: 
https://osf.io/u4veb/?view_only=45d90f5cd93949fb90cd0ee45055f92c
Palaeotopography of a Palaeolithic landscape at Bestwood 1, South Africa, from ground-penetrating radar and magnetometry
Authors: Papadimitrios Konstantinos S. , Bank Carl-Georg , Walker Steven J. , Chazan Michael
Published: January 2019

In order to investigate the buried landscape at the Fauresmith locality of Bestwood 1, outside the town of Kathu in the Northern Cape Province, we performed ground-penetrating radar and magnetometry surveys across the sand-filled central portion of the valley. The radar images a strong continuous reflector which we can assign to the boundary between the Kalahari sands and underlying Banded Ironstone Formation gravels. Moreover, the thickness of the sand delineates a buried depression in the centre of the valley with flat plateaus at the sides. Subtracting the sand thickness from the current topography produces a map of a small stream channel in the northern part of the valley. Analysis of the magnetic gradient data allows us to extend this buried channel further to the south. Our geophysical survey provides a valuable contribution towards understanding the context of hominin occupation along the banks of a small stream in the Kathu Complex.

Significance:

We provide an example of combining two geophysical methods to map overburden thickness, useful for archaeological landscape interpretation.

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Pleistocene fauna of the Cape south coast revealed through ichnology at two localities
Authors: Helm Charles W. , Cawthra Hayley C. , De Vynck Jan C. , Lockley Martin G. , McCrea Richard T. , Venter Jan
Published: January 2019

East of Still Bay on the Cape south coast of South Africa lies a rugged, remote stretch of sea cliffs that expose Late Pleistocene aeolianites. A zone of dense concentration of fossil tracks occurs within this area. Two large rocks, which we call Roberts Rock and Megafauna Rock, were identified ~400 metres apart. These rocks contained a variety of trackways, individual tracks, burrow traces and invertebrate trace fossils on multiple bedding planes. Both rocks were found ex situ, but their context could be determined. Roberts Rock has subsequently slid into the ocean, and Megafauna Rock lies at the base of a coastal cliff. Probable trackmakers include elephant, long-horned buffalo, giant Cape horse, rhinoceros, medium and small artiodactyls, golden mole, birds and invertebrates. Dating studies at an adjacent site, which is comparable to the stratigraphy described here, indicate that both rocks were most likely deposited in Marine Isotope Stage 5e (~128–116 ka). Analysis and description of these tracksites confirms the potential of ichnology to complement the skeletal fossil record and to enhance the understanding of Pleistocene life in southern Africa. The ephemeral nature of such tracksites makes repeated visits to this coastline desirable, both to monitor the fate of known sites and to search for newly exposed trace fossil surfaces.
Significance:

Roberts Rock and Megafauna Rock are two remarkable fossil tracksites on the Cape south coast, which contain tracks of four members of the Late Pleistocene megafauna. They provide a glimpse of Pleistocene dune life and suggest an area teeming with large mammals.
These tracks were made on dune surfaces near an interface between the grassland of the Palaeo-Agulhas Plain and the inland Fynbos–Strandveld–Renosterveld. Faunal assemblages from both vegetation zones might therefore be recorded.
The trace fossil record and body fossil record both have inherent biases, but have the potential to independently provide complementary information on palaeofaunal composition.
The two rocks have provided the first South African records of fossil elephant tracks (as first described by Dave Roberts and colleagues in 2008), the first rhinoceros track and the first extinct giant Cape horse track, and track evidence of the extinct long-horned buffalo.
Roberts Rock has slumped into the ocean, and it provides an example of the fate of many exposed tracksites. Conversely, new sites frequently become exposed. This scenario stresses the need for regular ichnological surveys along this track-rich coastline to monitor existing sites and to search for new sites.
“OUR GOLGOTHA”: THE TRAGEDY OF BABI YAR IN THE “KIEVAN NOTES” OF IRYNA KHOROSHUNOVA
Authors: Borovyk М.
Published: January 2019

The paper is devoted to the representation of the Holocaust in the “Kievan Notes” (Kievskie zapiski) written by Iryna Khoroshunova. The text had been positioned by its author as her war diary. In fact, it is rather an autobiographical work that was written most likely in the late 1960s on the base of a real diary. From the moment of writing this text has been changed, supplemented and rewritten several times. There are currently at least four different versions of "Notes" in archives and museums of Kiev. Focusing on the theme of the Holocaust, I plan to show how the author was looking for a possible form of correlation of her own truth about the war with the official Soviet narrative.
ALCOHOL ABOLISHES POST-STRESSOR AVERSION IN MALE RATS (POTENTIAL ROLE OF к-OPIOID RECEPTORS)
Authors: Mukhin V N , Kozlov A P , Abdurasulova I N , Pavlov K I , Sizov V V , Matsulevitch A V , Klimenko V M
Published: January 2019

The probability of alcohol consumption by humans and experimental animals increases immediately after impact of stressors and remains at high level for some time. Neurobiological basis of this pattern is the effect of stress hormones on the mesolimbic system which is the core of the reward system in the brain that initiates learning processes. Literature data suggest that formation of aversive reactions depends on the system of dynorphin and к-opioid receptors which activates during the stress reaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of alcohol administration on the post-stressor condition of the reward system and to clarify the role of к-opioid receptors in this. Experiment 1 aimed to investigation of post-stressor condition of the reward system in male and female rats and the influence of alcohol administration on it. Experiment 2 aimed to study whether alcohol affects the known from the literature aversive effect of che mical stimulation of к-opioid receptors as a model of post-stressor aversion. Methods. Appearance of preference or aversion to place where the rats were after action of the stressor was the indicator of the state of their reward syste m (place preference test). Result of the experiment 1. Condition of the reward syste m in the male rats was aversive 15 minutes after the end of the stressor action that caused avoidance of the context of environment in the future. Administration of alcohol after the end of the stressor action ceased this effect. Result of the experiment 2. Unlike the post-stressor aversion alcohol does not influence the aversion caused by stimulation of к-opioid receptors. Conclusion. Results of the study suggest that there is the aversive phase of the post-stressor state in the male rats that leads to formation of aversive associative reaction to the context of environment. Alcohol administration abolishes this phase. The involve ment of к- opioid receptors in this effect of alcohol is doubtful. But the final conclusion is possible only after direct experiment using antagonists.
Cognitive function in patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Nalkin S A , Lobzin S V , Sokolova M G
Published: January 2019

The study presents the results of a complex neuropsychological examination of patients with myasthenia gravis, which revealed intellectual disorders in 36.6% of cases, i.e., violations of memory processes, decreasing short-term memory level, and rapid deterioration of attention. A study of patients with myasthenia gravis with thymoma (before thymectomy) and patients with disease duration of more than 10 years found more pronounced memory and attention disorders (р < 0.05).
Diseases associated with complement system dysregulation and the prospects of their treatment
Authors: Umnyakova E S , Pashinskaya L D , Krenev I A , Legkovoy S V , Kokryakov V N , Berlov M N
Published: January 2019

The lack of pharmaceutical agents that could modulate complement activation is one of the most serious problems in modern medical practice. Meanwhile, the complement system plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (degenerative eye disease, which is the main cause of blindness in the elderly), kidney diseases such as atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (Marchiafava-Micheli disease), and hereditary angioedema. The complement and its components are involved in the development and progression of autoimmune pathological processes, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia; neurodegenerative and neoplastic diseases; and complications after heart attacks, strokes, and transplants. This review considers the involvement of complements in the pathological processes, existing methods of treatment, and the prospects for the development of drugs that can correct the work of complement - the most important component of innate immunity.
Knowledge about HIV infection, transmission, diagnostic methods and its treatment among the students of a nursing and a Physiotherapy Colleges in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Bamboriya BL , Marothi Yogyata , Rawat Meha , Sharma Megha
Published: January 2019

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) impairs the host's immune system until it reaches the terminal stage; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. Although healthcare workers (HCWs) can play a crucial role in prevention and control of HIV/AIDS, least attention is given to assess their knowledge and attitude on the topic.Methods: A prospective, cross sectional study was conducted (January 2014 and April 2015) to assess the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among students of a nursing and a physiotherapy college in Ujjain district of central India. All enrolled students were invited to participate, of those 98% participated voluntarily (nursing-120/120 and physiotherapy-56/60).Results: More than half of the participants were not aware that HIV is an infection causing virus and AIDS is a spectrum of conditions or a syndrome. The majority of the participants had poor knowledge about the available diagnostic tests and curative treatment of the infection. The study also reflected the participant’s belief in common myths and misconceptions. Physical contacts with intact skin during patient care and social interaction with a person living with HIV were considered as risk factors for infection transmission. More than 60% participants admitted for their inadequate knowledge and majority (>90%) were willing to participate in a training workshop on the topic.Conclusions: Extremely poor knowledge about the infection’s epidemiology, mode of transmission, diagnostics among the future HCWs might be a rick for discrimination. Discrimination-free healthcare, a prerequisite to end the epidemic, could be achieved by addressing the myths and misconceptions among the future and present HCWs.
Diabetes mellitus and its socio-demographic determinants: a population-based study from a rural block of Haryana
Authors: Jangra Anuj , Malik J. S. , Singh Srishti , Sharma Nitika
Published: January 2019

Background: Diabetes is growing alarmingly in India which is a home to more than 65.1 million people with this disease and this number would increase to 80 million by the year 2030. The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus poses a major threat to clinical management, economic growth and social wellbeing of patients. Studying socio epidemiology of diabetes among adults would help in decreasing the manifestation and severity of this NCD, so this study was conducted with the aim to assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated socio-demographic factors.Methods: The present study was conducted in rural block of district Rohtak over a period of one year among 1000 study participants aged 15-64years. Fasting blood sugar was measured to evaluate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus.Results: Overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 9.2%. It was highest among 55-64years age group (26%), those engaged in service (11.6%), illiterates and upper middle SES (14.3%).Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetes was high in the study population. A holistic approach targeting both individual and social factors is required to tackle this high prevalence.
Study of clinical and endoscopic profile of dyspepsia and upper gastrointestinal bleed
Authors: Rajender Akash , Choudhary Priyanka , Mathur Saumya , Bhargava Rajat , Upadhyay Shalini , Nepalia Subhash
Published: January 2019

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleed (UGIB) and dyspepsia are the commonest indications for an upper GI endoscopy (UGIE), which has the potential to provide both diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. Alarm symptoms in patients with dyspepsia need proper evaluation.Methods: In an observational hospital-based study, 5117 patient undergoing upper GI endoscopy were evaluated at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Detailed clinical and endoscopic profile was evaluated for subjects with dyspepsia and UGIB. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0.Results: Dyspepsia (2887, 56.41%) followed by upper GI bleed (1124, 21.97%) were the most common indications for UGIE. In subjects presenting with UGIB, most patients had both hematemesis with Malena (48.04%), 48.93% were chronic alcoholics and nearly one fourth (26.96%) were on NSAIDS. Variceal bleeding (52.94%), followed by peptic ulcer bleed (13.43%) were the most common causes of bleed. In subjects undergoing UGIE for dyspepsia, 37.41% revealed no endoscopic lesion followed by gastro-duodenitis (25.01%). Peptic ulcer was cause of dyspepsia in 18.05% and was significantly more in those with alarm symptoms (<0.001). Alarm symptoms in dyspepsia has a significant high likelihood of finding a malignant lesion on endoscopic evaluation (p 0.013).Conclusions: Variceal bleed is the most common cause of UGIB in the adult Indian population. In patients with dyspepsia, presence of alarm symptoms is significantly associated with organic lesion on endoscopy. Although the incidence of malignancy is low, endoscopy in more than 50years subjects presenting with dyspepsia may help in early diagnosis and reducing morbidity.
Frequency of cardiovascular diseases in the patients with restless legs syndrome
Authors: Varim Perihan , Varim Ceyhun , Acar Turkan , Acar Bilgehan Atilgan , Gokosmanoglu Feyzi , Yaylaci Selcuk , Cengiz Hasret , Karacaer Cengiz
Published: January 2019

Background: Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a sensory-motor neurological disease characterized by discomfort, unpleasant sensations, an urge to move the legs. There are a lot of studies showing the association between Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD), Hypertension (HT) and Body Mass Index (BMI). The potential underlying mechanism of an increased risk of CVD in RLS is not clear but may involve hypertension, as Periodic Limb Movements during Sleep (PLMS) were shown to be related to blood pressure increases. These studies were inconsistent. The aim of this case control study was to show the prevalence of CVD in the patients with RLS compared with a control group.Methods: A total of 37 newly diagnosed patients with RLS (group 1) who were applied to neurology polyclinic of Sakarya University Hospital between March 2016 and May 2017 and 37 control subjects (group 2) were included in this case control study. RLS was diagnosed using the criteria of the International RLS Study Group. Both groups were screened for HT, dyslipidemia, coronary artery diseases, atrial fibrillation. 24hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) were enrolled for both groups. Interventricular septum was measured with echocardiography by cardiologist for diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy.Results: There were no significant differences in sex (p:0.11) and age (p:0.33) between the two groups. Hypertension (p:0.001) and non-dipper hypertension (p:0.004), BMI (p:0.004), left ventricular hypertrophy (p:0,002) were found statistically significantly higher than the control group. There were no differences in atrial fibrillation (p:1) and hyperlipidemia (p:0.69) between two groups.Conclusions: Patients with RLS should be followed closely for cardiovascular diseases.