bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Study on Surface Critical Magnetic Field of a Layered Magnetic Superconductors
Authors: Meakniti Sumitta , Changjan Arpapong , Udomsamuthirun Pongkaew
Published: June 2014

In this research, we studied the surface critical magnetic field () of a layered magnetic superconductors by Ginzburg-Landau approach. After the 1st Ginzburg-Landau equation was calculated, a surface critical field was solved by variational method analytically. Our formula obtained was depended on the magnetic property of superconductor. We found that Hc3 of antiferromagnetism and paramagnetism superconductors were shown the same behaviour as non-magnetic superconductors. For diamagnetism and ferromagnetism superconductors, the higher and the lower values of critical magnetic field were found, respectively. However, the Hc3 was strongly depended on the non-linear of magnetic field intend of all kind magnetism.
The Preparation and Characterization of Y235 Superconductor and Y235 Doped Fluorine
Authors: Khuntak Thanarat , Chainok Piyamas , Sujinnapram Supphadate , Nilkamjon Tunyanop , Ratreng Sermsuk , Udomsamuthirun Pongkaew
Published: June 2014

In this research, we synthesized Y123 superconductor and Y235 superconductor doped with fluorine by solid sate reaction with Y2O3, BaCO3, CuO and CuF2 as precursor. The physical properties of Y235+Fx (Y2Ba3Cu5Oy-xFx) and Y123+Fx (YBa2Cu3Oy-xFx) superconductors were studied at x = 0,0.1, 0.2. The calcinations process was done twice in air at 810 °C for 24 hr and was increased to 925 °C for one hour. The sintering process was done at 925 °C for 24 hr and reduced to 500 °C for 24 hr. Our samples obtained were characterization by the four point probe technique, SEM and EDX, respectively. The surface of all samples were inhomogeneous and no impurity. The critical temperature onset of Y123+Fx and Y235+Fx were equal to 92 K, 95 K, 93 K and 92 K, 93 K, 92 K with x= 0, 0.1, 0.2, respectively.
High Performance Metal Surface Coating Using Ta2O5 Thin Film Prepared by D.C. Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Khemasiri Narathon , Chananonnawathorn Chanunthorn , Horprathum Mati , Eiamchai Pitak , Chindaudom Pongpan , Pratontep Siraphat , Phromyothin Darinee , Porntheeraphat Supanit , Nukeaw Jiti
Published: June 2014

Tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) thin films were deposited as the protective layers for the metal surface finishing by the DC reactive magnetron sputtering system. The effect of the Ta2O5 film thickness, ranging from 25 nm to 200 nm, on the physical properties and the anti-corrosive performance were investigated. The grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and the atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to examine the crystal structures and the surface topologies of the prepared films, respectively. The XRD results showed that the Ta2O5 thin films were all amorphous. The AFM micrographs demonstrated the film morphology with quite smooth surface features. The surface roughness tended to be rough when the film thickness was increased. To examine the protective performance of the films, the poteniostat and galvanometer was utilized to examine the electrochemical activities with the 1M NaCl as the corrosive electrolyte. The results from the I-V polarization curves (Tafel slope) indicated that, with the Ta2O5 thin film, the current density was significantly reduced by 3 orders of magnitude when compared with the blank sample. Such results were observed because of fully encapsulated surface of the samples were covered with the sputtered Ta2O5 thin films. The study also showed that the Ta2O5 thin film deposited at 50 nm yielded the most extreme protective performance. The Ta2O5 thin films therefore could be optimized for the smallest film thickness for highly potential role in the protective performance of the metal surface finishing products.
Determination of Thickness and Optical Properties of Tantalum Oxide Thin Films by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
Authors: Chananonnawathorn Chanunthorn , Khemasiri Narathon , Srichaiyaperk Thanat , Samransuksamer Benjarong , Horprathum Mati , Eiamchai Pitak , Limwichean Saksorn , Aiempanakit Kamon , Chindaudom Pongpan
Published: June 2014

Tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) thin films were prepared, at different deposition time, by a DC reactive magnetron sputtering. During the deposition, a high-quality tantalum target was sputtered under argon and oxygen ambience on to silicon (100) and glass substrates. The prepared thin films were systematically characterized for both physical and optical properties based on spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and consequently confirmed by several methods. With the SE physical models, we could determine the thin film thickness as well as their inhomogeneity. The films thickness results were directly confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) used to observe cross-sections, and surface profiler used to measure the physical thickness of the films. With the SE optical models, we applied both the Cauchy and Tauc-Lorentz dispersions in order to obtain the optical constants, to be directly compared with those from the Swanepoel method (SM). Our result showed that from the SE analyses, the SE physical model was obtained as the multi-layer configurations. The obtained Ta2O5 thin film thickness was closely related with the measured result from the FE-SEM cross-sectional micrographs and the surface profiler. For the optical characteristic, the double layer physical model was best optimized with the Tauc Lorentz dispersion model for the most accurate results. In comparison, the SM technique also demonstrated a capability to determine both the film thickness and its refractive index only from some samples. Therefore, this study proved that the SE technique successfully and accurately determine both the physical and optical properties of the Ta2O5 thin films.
Fabrication of 3D-Hybrid Nanostructure for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate: Effect of Applied Voltage on Porous Size of AAO Template
Authors: Supati Attawit , Limnonthakul Puenisara , Limwichean Saksorn , Chaisriratanakul Woraphan , Eiamchai Pitak , Horprathum Mati , Porntheeraphat Supanit , Nuntawong Noppadon , Patthanasetakul Viyapol , Chindaudom Pongpan
Published: June 2014

Three-dimensional (3D)-hybrid surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have been achieved via simultaneous assembled silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The AAO templates were prepared from the UHV aluminum foil in 0.3 M oxalic acid using the two-step anodization process at 0°C. The effect of applied voltage ranging from 30 to 50 V on the porous diameter and the inter-porous distance of the AAO templates was investigated and observed with filed-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The results showed that the porous distance and the inter-porous distance were linearly increased with the increase in the voltage potentials. To investigate the pore-size effect on the SERS activities, the AgNPs were deposited on the AAO nanoporous templates. The SERS activities of these nanostructures were demonstrated with the methylene blue (MB) as the probing molecules.
Effect of Emitting Current Ion Source on Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Nanostructured ITO Thin Films by Ion-Beam Assisted Evaporation
Authors: Yosvichit Bhumin , Horprathum Mati , Eiamchai Pitak , Patthanasetakul Viyapol , Samransuksamer Benjarong , Chindaudom Pongpan , Denchitcharoen Somyod
Published: June 2014

Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) with indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were deposited without substrate heating and post-deposition anneal using ion-beam assisted evaporation technique on glass and silicon substrates. The oxygen ion with emitting current produced using End-Hall ion source for bombardment of growing surface to improve ITO films structure. In this study, we investigate the effect of an ion flux to ITO films in terms of structural, optical and electrical properties. The emitting current can be varied from 0.5 to 2.0 A with the oxygen flow rate 7 sccm. The total film thickness and deposition rate are 200 nm and 0.2 nm/s, respectively. The structural properties of thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to discover the preferred orientation with phase of crystalline and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the surface morphology in cross-section view. To determine the transmission spectra of the films, UV-visible spectrometer is introduced. Moreover, the films were also measured to investigate resistivity, carrier concentration, mobility and sheet resistance by Hall-effect measurements and four-point probe. It has been found that the ITO films with lowest electrical resistivity for the emitting current of 1 A about 5.57x10-4 Ω.cm and slightly increases with increase of the emitting current. The mobility and carrier concentration rapidly decreases with increase the emitting current from 1.0 A to 2.0 A.
Optical Absorption and Photoluminescence Properties of Dy3+ Ions in Bi2O3-SiO2-B2O3 Glass System
Authors: Sangwaranatee Narong , Tariwong Yaowaluk , Sarachai Sunisa , Kaewkhao Jakrapong , Chanthima Natthakridta
Published: June 2014

This research studied the effect of dysprosium on the physical, optical and luminescence properties of the bismuth borosilicate glass in compositions 40Bi2O3 : 20SiO2 : (40-x)B2O3 : xDy2O3 (where x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol%). The glass systems have been prepared at 1100 °C by melt quenching technique. The results showed that the density and molar volume of glass samples are between 4.6477 ± 0.0020 to 5.0047 ± 0.0041 g/cm3 and 45.6608 to 48.6797 cm3/mol, respectively. The values of density and molar volume of these glasses were not depend on the Dy2O3 concentration. The optical absorption spectra of glass samples in the UV-Vis-NIR region shows absorption bands at 794, 906, 1094, 1276 and 1690 nm, respectively. The photoluminescence spectra show emission bands at 482 (blue), 576 (green), 663 (yellow) and 756 (red) nm under 453 nm excitation wavelength. The emission spectrum at 576 nm has shown a strongest intensity.
Effect of Current at Aluminum Target on the AZO Thin Films by DC Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Boosabarat Pornpipat , Honglertkongsakul Kanchaya , Ngamrungroj Dusit , Witit-Anun Nirun , Chaiyakun Surasing
Published: June 2014

Deposition of aluminum and zinc targets was carried out by DC magnetron sputtering to produce aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films. These films were deposited on quartz, glass and silicon substrates under 5.5x10-3 mbar pressure. At a ratio of argon gas to oxygen gas (Ar:O2) of 5:10 and a voltage at zinc target of260 V, AZO thin films were deposited at different currents at aluminum target such as 900, 1,000, 1,100 and 1,200 mA. Effect of current at aluminum target on the structural, optical and electrical properties of resulting films was studied. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed incorporation of aluminum in ZnO lattice. The thickness measurement by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed that the thickness of AZO thin films is in the range of 270–350 nm. An average transmittance of above 80% in the visible wavelength region was obtained for aluminum doped zinc oxide. The optical direct bandgap and the resistivity of AZO thin films were found in the range 3.3-3.5eV and 6.0x10-1-9.0x10-1 Ωcm; respectively.
Relationship of Pressure and Plasma Temperature in Plasma DC Glow Discharge
Authors: Honglertkongsakul Kanchaya , Ngamrungroj Dusit
Published: June 2014

The DC glow discharge of nitrogen gas was carried out by 5 kV DC power supply, which was used to bias voltage between two parallel plate electrodes in the cylindrical glass tube chamber. The distance between two parallel plate electrodes was about 37.5 cm. The voltage was applied on these electrodes between 800 V to 1400 V. The nitrogen pressure in the cylindrical glass tube chamber was controlled by rotary pump and vacuum value. Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) was used to investigate the local emissivity of nitrogen glow discharge in the range between 200 and 1,100 nm. The spatial distribution of reactive species was measured at different nitrogen pressures from 0.15-1.90 mbar. These measurements were obtained to analyze the electron temperature. The effect of different nitrogen pressures was studied on the electron temperature and the configuration of nitrogen plasma. In the result, it was found that the plasma column increased with increasing the nitrogen pressure. The electron temperature was less than 0.8 eV.
London Penetration Depth of Fe-Based Superconductors
Authors: Changjan Arpapong , Udomsamuthirun Pongkaew
Published: June 2014

Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature. Fe-based superconductors are superconductors whose containing iron compounds and having a very high critical magnetic field. London penetration depth can assist in the study of the behavior of the critical magnetic field. The London penetration depth is the distance to which a magnetic field penetrates into a superconductor and becomes equal to 0.367879 times that of the magnetic field at the surface of the superconductor. In this paper, the London penetration depth of Fe-based superconductors is studied by Ginzburg-Landau scenery. Free energy of Fe-based superconductors is assumed by modified the free energy of two-band magnetic superconductors model and theof Fe-based superconductors is derived analytically. Finally, the temperature dependence of is investigated and applied to Single-Crystal superconductors.
Micro Plasma Source Design Using WGMs a PANDA Ring
Authors: Siriroj R. , Srinuanjan K. , Yupapin P.P.
Published: June 2014

Plasma is a one of state of matter that is produced by applying energy into gas or fluid like, where the ionized electrons from gas or fluid atoms to be free electrons. In this paper, the use of micro plasma source generation by using a PANDA ring resonator is introduced, in which the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are formed within the center ring and can be used to create the high power of electromagnetic wave for gas plasma production. In application, the micro plasma source can be fabricated in small scale material process or others suitable operation. In this case, the plasma source can be decreased to be micro-scale device, where in fact, the common plasma source system size is large because the high energy source to produce high power plasma is required. Finally, the detail of using such small scale plasma source is discussed. The theoretical details of whispering gallery mode and quantum tunneling effects are also reviewed and discussed.
Method of High Active Preparation and Electrical Properties of CuFeO2 Delafossite-Type
Authors: Rudradawong Chalermpol , Wichainchai Aree , Sakulkalavek Aparporn , Hongaromkid Yuttana , Ruttanapun Chesta
Published: June 2014

In this paper, the CuFeO2 compound were prepared by classical solid state reaction (CSSR) and direct powder dissolved solution (DPDS) method from starting material metal oxides and metal powders. Preparation of two methods shows that, direct powder dissolved solution faster recover phases than classical solid state reaction method. The fastest method gets from starting materials Cu and Fe metal powders, the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, carrier concentration and mobility are 10.68 S/cm, 244.59 μV/K, 12.86×1016 cm-3 and 494.96 cm2/V.s, respectively. In addition, each CuFeO2 compounds were investigated on crystal structure and electrical properties. From XRD and SEM results, all samples have a crystal structure delafossite-typeand a large grain boundary more than 15 μm by electrical conductivity corresponds to grain boundary and lattice parameter: a increases. Within this paper, from above results exhibit that preparation CuFeO2 from Cu and Fe by direct powder dissolved solution method most appropriate for thermoelectric oxide materials due to high active for preparation else high lattice strain and high power factor are 0.00052 and 0.64×10-4 W/mK2, respectively.
Chitosan Based Film: Structural and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Siriprom W. , Kongsriprapan S. , Teanchai K.
Published: June 2014

The aims of this work to develop biodegradable films base on chitosan. The physical and chemical properties such as transparency, structural, mechanical and the intermolecular interaction were analyzed. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy show the chitosan could form homogenous film, and the XRD pattern from X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) indicated that the crystalline was suppressed after film forming process. Another that, the tensile strength, % elongation and Young’s modulus values of the films were investigated. All information was evaluated for potentiality to apply in processed conservation of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Physical and Thermal Properties of Chitosan
Authors: Siriprom W. , Chantarasunthon K. , Teanchai K.
Published: June 2014

This work aims at characterizing the thermal and physical properties of chitosan. The samples were evaluated for potentiality to use as raw material for biodegradable films raw material. Their thermal and physical properties have been also discussed in detail which Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), respectively. The result of the XRD pattern indicated the sample has amorphous-crystalline structure and FTIR results confirmed the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the amino and hydroxyl groups of the sample. In good agreement between the EDXRF and TGA results, noticed that the removal of moisture and volatile material.
Studying Methylcellulose-Base Edible Films Properties by XRD, EDXRF and FTIR
Authors: Siriprom W. , Kuha P. , Kongsriprapan S. , Teanchai K.
Published: June 2014

The physicochemical of methylcellulose (MC) base edible films were investigated in this work. The characterization of MC used X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy for investigated the crystalline, the composition element, and the intermolecular interaction, respectively. It was found that, the XRD pattern indicated MC has amorphous structure. The chemical composition by XRF reported that Silver (Ag) have been detect and the hydrogen bonding formation between MC investigated with FTIR spectra, which interpreted in terms of the symmetry distortion of hydroxyl stretch. Another that, the mechanical properties tensile strength (TS) elastic modulus (EM) and elongation (E) values were investigated.
The Plastic Deformation Mechanism in Single Point Incremental Forming Process
Authors: Rattanachan Kittiphat , Chungchoo Chatchapol
Published: June 2014

Single point incremental forming (SPIF) process is the latest sheet metal forming technique, which developed in the around 1990, this process could generates a local strain on a sheet metal by mean of small rotation forming tool travel follow CNC toolpath on sheet metal blank to form a shell part. The incredible elongating without failure occurs is the main advantage of this process. This paper attempt to explain the deformation mechanism of steel sheet that formed by SPIF in the metallurgical views. The different degree of deformation were investigated by optical microscope, the grain size deformation was used as a data for math modeling of the deformation mechanism.
Influence of Composition and Isothermal Sintering on the Properties of Hydroxyapatite Bioceramic Bodies
Authors: Koonawoot Rungsarit , Saelee Cherdsak , Thiensem Sakdiphon , Punyanitya Sittiporn
Published: June 2014

This work reports the influence of chemical composition and sintering schedule on the properties of sintered bodies of hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramic. The method of preparing sintered bodies by solid state reaction and uniaxial pressing. The raw material used calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) powder as precursors. These powders were mixed at CaCO3: NH4H2PO4 mass ratio of 1:0.697, 1:0.692, 1:0.689, 1:0.685 and 1:0.68, respectively. The compositions in the temperatures range of 800-1300 °C for 3 hour. The sintered bodies were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Properties including phase, microstructures, porosity and bending strength of the samples. The results show that green bodies can be sintered at 1150 °C for 3 hours. This temperature found that crystals growth, highest of HA phase content in sintered bodies, good density and high efficiency strength properties.
The Influence of Temperature on Secondary Forming of Titanium Gr 2 Sheet by Use of Single Point Incremental Forming
Authors: Sornsuwit Nuttaphong , Sittisakuljaroen Sunthorn
Published: June 2014

The single point incremental forming (SPIF) is a sheet metal forming process with high flexibility on manufacture of each individual workpiece. However, it usually requires more processing time than a conventional forming method and is important to process with appropriate parameters. This study is to investigate the influence of different temperatures on continuing secondary forming of Ti Gr2 sheet, employed the stress relieving and annealing temperature after primary forming. The deformed parts were examined on the following criteria; internal contact surface roughness, microhardness and sectional microstructure. Stress relieving and annealing temperatures of 580°C and 780°C were applied to the formed parts prior to their secondary forming. It is found that the surface roughness increased from Ra 2.104 μm and 2.498 μm to Ra 2.55 μm and 3.18 μm respectively after secondary forming. The formability of 25 mm radius test specimens remained at 12 mm depth with limited obvious change.
Screen Printed Carbon Nano-Powder for Ascorbic Acid Determination with Differential Pulse Voltammetry
Authors: Wonsawat W. , Somjit K. , Wangnaitum N. , Chailapakul O.
Published: June 2014

Carbon nanopowder mixed with carbon ink was used as a working screen-printed electrode. This electrode consists of carbon nanopowder working electrode, carbon counter electrode, and silver/silver chloride reference electrode. The electrochemical behavior of ascorbic acid has been studied by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry with screen-printed carbon nanopowder electrode. The propose electrode will enhanced the sensitivity for antioxidance determination because increasing of the surface area of the working electrode. The voltammetric sensor offers several advantages to both the green chemistry and eco-friendly. The method was successfully employed with 2 microliter of the working solution dropped on the electrode surface. A linear concentration, limit of quantitation and limit of detection was sufficient for the ascorbic acid determination in the vitamin C tablet. The results obtained for the sample juices demonstrated that the powerful of the method.
Eco-Friendly Dyeing of Cotton Fabric Using Ultrasonic Energy with Natural Colorants Extracted from Mulberry Leaves
Authors: Ohama Ploysai
Published: June 2014

The dyeing of cotton fabrics using mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) as a natural dye has been studied in both conventional heating and ultrasonic techniques. The extractability of Mulberry leaves dye from natural origin using power ultrasonic was also evaluated in comparison with conventional heating. The mulberry leaves extract to provided brown-green to green color, depending on the pH concentration. The results of dye extraction indicate that power ultrasonic is rather effective than conventional heating at low temperature and short time. The effects of dye bath pH, dyeing time, dyeing temperature and mordants were studied and the colorimetric parameters L*, a*, b* of dyed fabrics with ultrasonic and conventional techniques were compared.
Modification of Solvolytic Sol-Gel Synthesis for Low Temperature TiO2 DSSC Photoelectrode
Authors: Kalasina Saran , Amornsakchai Taweechai , Asawapirom Udom
Published: June 2014

Solvolytic sol-gel synthesis was applied for the low temperature production of photoelectrode for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). In this study, commercial TiO2 standard (Degussa P25) was used as the main component in the preparation of photoelectrode film. Addition of TiO2 gel prepared from a solvolytic sol-gel method reduced cracking in the dry film while still maintains porosity. Further modification by simply adding hydrofluoric acid (HF) and ammonia (NH3) increase porosity and improve interconnection between fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) layer on the substrate and the coated TiO2 layer even under low temperature baking condition (<150°C). The modified TiO2 electrode showed significantly better electrical and electrochemical properties. Furthermore, the DSSC cell with modified TiO2 film also showed higher cell efficiency when compared with the controlled cell that used only Degussa P25.
The Photon Attenuation Coefficients of Building Materials Containing with Lead Carbonate (PbCO3)
Authors: Chanthima Natthakridta , Shimada Kazuhito , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: June 2014

The total mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ, cm2 g-1) of gamma-ray for building materials containing with Lead Carbonate (PbCO3) have been studied. The raw building material have cement, sand and stone in the ratio 1 : 2 : 4. The raw material was mixed with 30% of PbCO3 to be used as the sample material. The mass attenuation coefficient of the raw material has been calculated by theoretical approach using WinXCom program for the photon energy band from 1 keV to 100 GeV. The composition of sample material was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDXRF). The variations of mass attenuation coefficient are shown graphically and compared with that of standard shielding concretes. It was found that the sample building material has higher value of mass attenuation coefficient than standard shielding concretes at energy zone above 2–7 keV, 90–800 keV and 5 MeV–100 GeV.
Comparative Study on Effective Atomic Numbers of Silicate, Borate and Phosphate Glass Matrices over 1 keV-100 GeV Energy Range
Authors: Kirdsiri Keerati , Sangwaranatee Narong
Published: June 2014

In this work, total mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers of a series of three host glasses with different chemical composition, 65RmOn : 10CaO : 25Na2O mol% (where RmOn are B2O3, SiO2 and P2O5, respectively) have been studied as a function of photon energy. The total mass attenuation coefficient values were taken from WinXCom program, were used to evaluate the effective atomic numbers in the energy range from 1 keV to 100 GeV. The obtained results for all samples are compared and discussed.
Fabrication of Glass Furnace for Research Scale: Case Study for Soda Lime Silicate Melting Process
Authors: Boonin Kitipun , Tuscharoen S. , Kaewkhao J. , Sangwaranatee Narong
Published: June 2014

In this work, glass furnace for research scale has been fabricated using domestic raw materials. Furnace was designed and assembled in laboratory for reduce the heat loss due to openings when load out crucible from furnace, reduce energy cost and increase the number of glass samples that can be made in one working time. Glasses based soda lime silicate formulas have been prepared using the normal melt-quench technique for furnace testing. The result found that good optical properties and physical properties of glasses were obtained.
Photo and X-Rays Induced Optical Luminescence of Sm3+-Doped Bismuth Borate Glasses
Authors: Limkitjaroenporn Pruittipol , Boonin Kitipun , Yasaka Patarawagee , Kim Hong Joo , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: June 2014

Samarium doped bismuth borate glasses with composition 66.7Bi2O3 : (33.3-x)B2O3 : x Sm2O3 (where x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol%) have been prepared by melt quenching technique. The physical, optical, photoluminescence and X-rays luminescence properties were investigated. The densities and molar volumes were not found the relationship with the increasing samarium concentration. The photoluminescence emission spectra shows broad emission bands due to 4G5/2→6HJ (J=5/2, 7/2, 9/2, 11/2) transitions when excited with 473 nm. The decay curves of 4G5/2 level exhibited single exponential behavior for all the concentrations and the measured lifetimes are found to depend strongly on samarium concentrations. The X-rays emission spectra were measured at the X-rays of intensity 100kV and current 1.5mA. The emission peaks observed at 569, 598, 641 and 705 nm. And the intensity of luminescence increase as samarium concentration increase.
The Study of Cook-Stove Thermoelectric Generator Power
Authors: Sangwaranatee Narong
Published: June 2014

This research studies the alternative way of electricity generating from the waste heat of economy oven by using 4 modules of thermoelectric modules. The hot side of thermoelectric module is attached to the heat plate while the cold side is installed on the rectangular, plate-fin heat exchanger. Variety of system adjustments were used during this study in terms of finding the maximum electric power rate. Adjusting the heating value and the electrical resistance to the thermoelectric was the procedure in this study. From the research, we found out that at the temperature of 200°C on the heat pad, the released maximum electric current was 4.5 W. The percentage of heat converting to electric current was 11.9%, with the 0.84 A and 5.35 V. The efficiency of the economy oven was 23.20%, and comes up to 23.39% while generating power via thermoelectric module.
Design of Commercial Window as Radiation Shielding Using Domestic Raw Materials
Authors: Sangwaranatee Narong , Kaewkhao Jakrapong , Chanthima Natthakridta
Published: June 2014

The total mass attenuation coefficient, partial photon interaction and effective atomic number of commercial window added with BaSO4 in have been investigated at photon energy from 1 keV to 100 GeV on the basis of calculation. The theoretical values of total and partial interaction were obtained by the WinXCom software. The variations of mass attenuation coefficient and effective atomic number with photon energy are shown graphically. The results show that the variation of mass attenuation coefficient and effective atomic number has changed with photon energy and composition of window. It has been found that these parameters increase with increasing BaSO4 concentrations, due to the increasing photoelectric absorption in glass samples. These results showed that the BaSO4 can improve radiation shielding properties in commercial glass and useful for radiation shielding material design.
An Electricity Generator Model by the Water Delivery System of Sanitary Ware
Authors: Panthong S. , Poomjan S. , Taengtang T. , Srinuanjan K.
Published: June 2014

In this research is presented electricity production of sanitary ware, which can be covered kinetic energy of water to electric current from water delivery system. A small electric generator will be set on the water delivery system of sanitariums. It consists with a turbine electric generator and a big tank which build in on tank of a sanitarium. Turbine generator is generated small electric currents by a lot of water inside pipe. If this system were set in a large building for example such as department store, etc. the electric currents would be on generating in order to cumulative energy. In which Bangkok has a population about ten millions of people which sanitariums are used about a hundred millions of time per day. The experimental results of this model can be calculated electric currents to compare with systems which were set on large building.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Mineral in Soils of Paddy Rice Fields from Chonburi Province, Thailand
Authors: Siriprom W. , Teanchai K. , Juntaropakorn M. , Kaewkhao J. , Sangwaranatee Narong
Published: June 2014

The aim of this study is to investigate the some chemical and physical properties in the soils collected from the paddy rice fields in Chonburi Province. The chemical analysis of soil samples was performed on an Energy Dispersive X-rays spectrometer (EDXRF). It was found that the soils samples consist of Si, Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Ti, Cr, Zn, Ag and Cu. Another that, the structural in whole soil samples were carried out by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique. It was found that Silica (SiO2) is the major minerals in all soil layers. In this study, we also used Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) investigated the removal of moisture from the paddy rice fields.
Analysis of Effective Numerical Aperture in 2-D Photonic Crystal Waveguide
Authors: Chantakit T. , Kamoldilok S. , Srinuanjan K. , Yupapin P.P.
Published: June 2014

The effective numerical aperture calculation in two-dimensional Photonic crystal waveguide has been proposed. In this paper we present the analysis of ray optics refracted inside nanorods and at the boundaries between rods, which separates rod gap is much smaller than the incident wavelength assumed to reflect on the region. In operation, the resolving numerical aperture was compared with the finite difference time domain method via OptiFDTD software. Although numerical aperture mentioned above was found to be extremely close to fiber optics, a transmission passes though compartments of the rods are observed due to significant estimation of transmission and reflection of electric field. The compared simulation results will be discussed. By the aforementioned is that in the near future we will modify wave equation in periodic media of waveguide structures reached to the transverse electric equation of beam propagation in the two-dimensional Photonic crystal waveguide analysed.
Phase-Shifting Interferometry for Surface Roughness Measurement on Glass Substrates
Authors: Suriyasirikun S. , Khlayboonme S. Tipawan , Thowladda W.
Published: June 2014

Phase shifting interferometry based on Michelson interferometer is purposed to measure surface roughness of glass slides which are widely used as substrates for thin-film coating processes. For the interferometry system, an optical flat with a flatness of λ/20 is used as a reference mirror. The high accuracy of the phase shifting is achieved by a piezoelectric-driven linear translation stage of the reference mirror. The reference-phase difference between the two-interfering beams is shifted by every π/2 in phase shifting. Five frames of interferograms under various phase differences of 0, π/2, π, 3π/2 and 2π are recorded by a CCD camera. Each image pixel of these frames is interpreted to access interference intensity information by five-step phase shifting algorithm for phase calculation, which in turn relates to surface height. The purpose-built interferometry is tested by the surfaces of two optical flats with flatness of λ/10 and λ/4, which are used as the test surfaces. Our measured flatness results are consistent with those of the commercial optical profilometer. The usefulness of the purpose-built interferometry is demonstrated on two types of the glass slides. Aluminum thin films are also deposited on these glass slides by the RF magnetron sputtering method to enhance reflectivity of the glass slide surfaces. The surface profiles and flatness parameters of these glass slides have been reported.
Expansion of Free Spectral Range in an Optical Double Ring Resonator
Authors: Kanjanavapastit Apichan
Published: June 2014

In this paper, a numerical analysis of an optical double ring resonator is presented. The numerical results show that the free spectral range of double ring resonator at certain parameters is much higher than that of single ring resonator although double ring resonator gives some ripples on the pass band.
Multi Wavelength Generated by PANDA Ring Resonator for Multi User DWDM WiMAX Network
Authors: Songmuang S. , Sappajak S. , Thammawongsa N. , Pornsuwancharoen N. , Yupapin P.P.
Published: June 2014

This paper proposed a scheme for multi channels THz frequency generation by using a coupled nonlinear resonator device known as PANDA ring. Dipole gold nanoantenna coupled to active plasmonic devices was used at THz for WiMAX network applications. Multiple Dark-Bright soliton conversion control propagating within a modified PANDA ring resonator to generated dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM).The system results illustrated multi wavelength Dark-Bright soliton generation and the frequency obtained in multi THz frequency to broadcast the data to transmitter for all receivers. In this approach, the muti THz frequency provides a reliable frequency band for the future planar lightwave circuit (PLCs) based on DWDM optical link with Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Ubiquitous, and many applications.
Luminescence and Optical Properties of Li2O3:Gd2O3:B2O3:Sm2O3 Glasses System
Authors: Sa-Ardsin Warawut , Yasaka Patarawagee , Kaewkhao J. , Boonin Kitipun
Published: June 2014

The samarium-doped lithium-gadolinium borate [60Li2O:10Gd2O3:(30-x) B2O3:xSm2O3] (LGBO:Sm3+) glasses have been melted and quenched in stainless plate under an air atmosphere. Some physical and optical properties within wavelength concerned and photoluminescence of the LGBO:Sm3+ glasses were measured and discussed. The density of glasses dropped until 0.10 mol% and tends to increase after that point, while molar volume of the glasses tends to increase with concentration of Sm2O3.. In absorption spectra, there are 2 obvious peaks in UV-VIS range and 6 peaks in NIR range indicating the Sm3+ in glass matrices. The sharpness of a peak, in the absorption spectra, also increases with concentration of the dopant. The 7 obvious peaks in excitation spectra represent the transitions from the ground state 6H5/2 to various excited states. Furthermore, The emission spectra were observed under 404 nm light from the Xenon compact arc lamps, and showed the concentration quenching effect (CQE) at 1.00 mol% of Sm3+. Additional, The lifetimes showed decreasing trend with concentration of Sm2O3.. As the result, The LGBO:Sm3+ glass doped with 1.00 mol% of Sm3+ gives the highest result for luminescence properties.
Multi-Wavelength Bits Generation by Mesh Ring Resonator System for Optical Communication Security Application
Authors: Youplao Phichai , Pornsuwancharoen Nithiroth , Yupapin P.P.
Published: June 2014

We propose a new design of the mesh ring resonator system device using the nonlinear behaviors of optical pulse propagation in the ring resonator system, where the disadvantages of nonlinearity of light pulses propagating in the propose system becomes beneficial. The simulation results obtained have shown the chaotic output signals that can be generated by Kerr effects in the ring resonator system, where the bits logic decision signals can be controlled by using the specify system parameters, the ring radii, the coupling coefficient and the threshold outputs intensity, of the proposed simulation system. The potential of using such the mesh ring resonator system device for optical communication security application is performed and discussed.
A New Chaotic Signal Generation of a Series Microring Resonator for Optical Communication
Authors: Julajaturasiraratn S. , Pornsuwancharoen N. , Phelawan J.
Published: June 2014

We propose a new method using light pulses tracing in a micro ring resonator, where the randomly digital codes can be performed. The chaotic signals can be generated and formed by the logical pulses by using the signal quantizing method, which can be randomly coded by controlling the specific optical input coupling powers, i.e. coupling coefficient (κ) and ring radii. Simulation results when the ring radius used are between 7-10.0 μm, and the other selected parameters are close to the practical device values that are presented and discussed. The random codes can be generated by the random control of coupling powers, which can be transmitted and retrieved via the design filters by the specific clients. We can be controlled input power used are between 2.0 and 5.0 mW, whereas the quantizing threshold powers and the traveling roundtrips are 0.3–0.4 mW and 8000–10,000, respectively.
Holographic Data Storage and Display by PANDA Ring Resonator Technique
Authors: Phetcharat Visrut , Thammawongsa Nopparat , Somsuk Kritsanapong , Jamsai Meechai , Yupapin Preecha P.
Published: June 2014

In this paper, a novel method of holographic data storage and display was demonstrated. The use of nonlinear optical device called PANDA ring resonator is realized by Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) and manipulated by Phase Conjugate Mirror (PCM) techniques. The result shown that the proposed model was performed a 3x3 optical waveguide holographic matrix which manipulated with a various wavelength and can be well applied to dynamic holographic optical data storage, holographic display, and other applications by compact nonlinear optical device.
Baseline Popping Detection and Correction Algorithms for Perpendicular Magnetic Recording System
Authors: Kovintavewat Piya , Koonkarnkhai Santi
Published: June 2014

Hard disk drives (HDDs) employ the magneto-resistive (MR) head to sense the change in magnetic flux via the transitions of magnetization pattern, resulting in a readback signal. Thus, head instability plays an important role on the reliability of HDDs because it can deteriorate the system performance considerably. Baseline popping (BLP) is one of the crucial problems caused by the head instability, whose effect can distort the readback signal to the extent of causing a sector read failure. This paper proposes three BLP detection and correction algorithms for a perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) system. Specifically, to suppress the BLP effect experienced in the readback signal, the first algorithm is based on an averaging filter and a threshold detector; the second one relies on the estimated BLP signal obtained from a linear curve fitting technique; and finally the third one uses two sequence detectors running in parallel. Experimental results indicate that the third algorithm performs better than the other schemes because it can detect and correct the BLP better than the others, especially when the peak BLP amplitude is large.
High Frequency Generation Based-On Nonlinear Micro Ring Resonator for Frequency Band Enhancement
Authors: Udomariyasap Pongputhai , Noppanakeepong Suthichai , Pornsuwancharoen Nithiroth
Published: June 2014

Propose the simulation of THz carrier frequencies using the small device and a Gaussian beam propagating within the device system. We found that the generated output power with the high frequency can be achieved. This consisted of a serial nonlinear micro ring resonator system for generating pulse and signal filter by Add/Drop filter, a technology optical communication by the micro ring resonator which generates the THz frequency multiple, whereas channel capacity in term of multi frequency bands can be provided by optical Add/Drop multiplexing. The increase in the number of channel capacity can be obtained by the increase in frequency density, while the security was introduced by the specific frequency filter, which was operated by the central operator. The optical micro ring resonators for THz frequency generation and enhancement are reviewed. The advantage of proposed system can be implemented by using the simultaneous optical communication system.
Trellis-Based Detecting the Insertion and Deletion Bits for Bit-Patterned Media Recording
Authors: Koonkarnkhai Santi , Kovintavewat Piya , Keeratiwintakorn Phongsak
Published: June 2014

Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is one of the promising technologies for realizing an areal density up to 4 Tb/in2; however, it poses new challenges to read channel design, including the two-dimensional (2D) interference, media noise, and track mis-registration. Furthermore, the BPMR system encounters the insertion, deletion and substitution errors, which are primarily caused by mis-synchronization between the write clock and the island positions. In this paper, we propose a novel detection method that exploits the trellis structure to detect the occurrence of insertion/deletion bits. Specifically, the specific marker bits are inserted periodically inside an input data sequence before recording onto a magnetic medium. Hence, the branch metric calculation is monitored during the marker bits to determine if there is any insertion/deletion error in the system. Numerical results indicate that the proposed method can performs better than the conventional one in terms of the percentage of detection and the percentage of missed detection and false-alarm, especially at low signal-to-noise ratio scenario.
Feedforward Bulk-Driven Class AB Fully-Differential Second-Generation Current Conveyor (FDCCII)
Authors: Thongleam Thawatchai , Kasemsuwan Varakorn
Published: June 2014

In this paper, a feedforward bulk-driven class AB fully-differential second-generation current conveyer (FDCCII) is presented. Bulk-driven differential pair is employed for the input stage allowing the FDCCII to operate with rail-to-rail operation. Feedfoward technique is also incorporated into input stage to increase the DC gain and minimize the common mode gain. The circuit performance is verified using HSPICE in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The simulation results show rail-to-rail input and output swings. The DC voltage transfer characteristic between ports Y and X and DC current transfer characteristic between ports X and Z shows good linearity. The bandwidths show 25.7 MHz (VX/VY), 30 MHz (IZ/IX), respectively. The power dissipation is 267.5 μW.
Treatment of Wastewater Using Porous Ceramics of Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Chankachang Phanlob , Chantara S. , Punyanitya S. , Saelee C.
Published: June 2014

In this work, hydroxyapatite (HA) powder derived from pig bone was prepared by thermal processes. The effect of heat treatment temperatures on crystallinity and microstructure of the HA powder were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The powders are uniaxially compact and then sintering at 900°C-1050°C in air. The microstructural characterization of the porous was carried out by SEM. Filtration studies using the sintered porous HA ceramic were performed for sanitary wastewater. The analysis of raw water sample and filtered water were performed. The results showed that the water permeated through the porous HA ceramics could be cleaner water to meet of environmental standard.
Measurement of Sound Speed in Liquid Using Optical Approach
Authors: Meethom Pattanan , Thamaphat Kheamrutai , Limsuwan Pichet , Rewthong Orrawan
Published: June 2014

An optical method to determine a speed of sound (or ultrasound) in water was described in this work. The measuring system composes of ultrasonic transducer, glass water bath, He-Ne laser source, lens, and screen. An ultrasound fog generator used for producing an ultrasound with a frequency f of 1.74 MHz was immersed in DI water. It was fixed at one side of water bath. When the sound wave travels in water along the length of water bath, a standing wave is obtained from the interference of the incidence wave and the wave reflected from the opposite side of water bath. The node and antinode of the standing wave act as an opaque and transparent medium. As a He-Ne laser beam with a wavelength of 632.8 nm travelled to a convex lens with a focal length of 5 cm and diverged through the sound field, an enlarged standing wave pattern was shown on a white screen. The wavelength of sound wave λ was obtained using geometry (similar triangle). Therefore, the speed of ultrasound in water was calculated by v = fλ. In this work, the water temperature was varied in a range of 15 - 39 °C. The results showed that the speed of sound increased with increasing the water temperature. The percentage error was below 2.8. This proposed method can be used for demonstrating physics principles such as waves and optics for high school students and undergraduates.