bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prescribed Burning under Differing Forest Cover Types and Its Influence on Soil Water Infiltration Rates and Physical Properties in East Texas Forests
Authors: Oswald Brian P. , Dunson Cassady P. , Farrish Kenneth W.
Published: October 2023

Little is known regarding the effects of prescribed burning on soil water infiltration and soil physical properties in Western Gulf Coast forests dominated by longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), shortleaf pine (P. echinata), or loblolly pine (P. taeda). Soil water infiltration rates were measured pre-burn (before the fire), post-burn (one month after the fire), and at green-up (three months after the fire) in areas utilizing prescribed fire with different rotations and seasons. The National Forests and Grasslands of Texas predominantly perform dormant season burns every two to three years, while the Winston 8 Land and Cattle Ltd. Tree Farm often burned biannually during the dormant season, but occasionally during the growing season. Soil samples were also collected to determine the effects of prescribed burning on soil pH, bulk density, particle density, pore space, soil strength, O-horizon weight and depth (organic matter), and water-stable aggregates. There was a significant increase in soil water infiltration rates between pre-burn and post-burn and pre-burn and green-up, and between the two different burn intervals. Soil strength initially decreased slightly, but then increased over time. Soil-stable aggregates increased significantly over time, and soil physical properties that significantly changed included soil bulk density, pore space, water-stable soil aggregates, and soil strength. This study found there could be short-term (2–3 years) responses on soil physical properties and soil water infiltration rates from repeated burning treatments, regardless of overstory species.
Effect of Inulin Addition on Physicochemical, Microbiological, Textural, and Sensorial Characteristics of Fermented Butifarra with Lactobacillus sakei
Authors: Montero Castillo Piedad Margarita , Morelos Martelo Verónica , Gómez Acevedo Katiuska , Ligardo Yesid Alejandro Marrugo , Acevedo-Correa Diofanor
Published: October 2023

Butifarra, with the addition of inulin, was produced for the first time. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of inulin in butifarra fermented with Lactobacillus sakei ATCC® 15521™ on physicochemical properties, instrumental texture, microbiology, and sensory evaluation. Initially, fermented butifarra was prepared with the addition of 5% and 7.5% inulin and a control butifarra was prepared without inulin addition. The butifarra was analyzed by physicochemical, microbiological, instrumental texture, and sensory evaluation. The results indicated that the analysis of physicochemical properties, fat, protein, and ash content showed no significant differences between the experimental and control butifarra (p > 0.05); in other words, this type of fiber did not cause alterations in the butifarra. The mesophilic microorganism count, total and fecal coliforms, and positive staphylococcus were assessed according to Colombian Technical Standard 1325 of 2008. The hardness of the butifarra with higher inulin content on day 9 was, on average, ~55% greater than the control. The adhesiveness increased in each formulation as the days of fermentation increased, showing significant differences relative to the control. In general, the best sensory properties evaluated were related to the butifarra samples with higher inulin content in the formulation, so it is established that inulin did not alter the sensory properties of the butifarra, but rather potentiated the sensory attributes, making it suitable for use in fermented meat formulations. It can be stated that the addition of inulin to fermented butifarra is possible.
Innocell Bioreactor: An Open-Source Development to Produce Biomaterials for Food and Packaging Based on Fermentation Processes
Authors: Cohen Nitzan , Sicher Emma , Ayala-Garcia Camilo , Sanchez-Fayos Ignacio Merino , Conterno Lorenza , Ugur Yavuz Secil
Published: October 2023

A growing number of science and design scholars and design practitioners have recently embarked on studying fermentation processes to produce alternative materials. The main driver of this trend is the search for a sustainable future by proposing novel alternatives that could substitute or integrate into society’s current production and consumption models. This study presents the development of an open-source bioreactor capable of enhancing and optimizing a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) production process. The bioreactor is part of a greater design-driven project aiming to process edible and non-edible materials. The study presents the experiments and methods that led to the development and refinement of the current bioreactor, and all the information needed to replicate it with tools and equipment currently available under the Creative Commons status. The aim of sharing open-source methods and results to reproduce the bioreactor is to support different interdisciplinary teams of scientists and designers in generating high amounts of SCOBY, accelerating R&D with this auspicious yet underexplored source of bacterial cellulose.
Drastic Microbial Count Reduction in Soy Milk Using Continuous Short-Wave Ultraviolet Treatments in a Tubular Annular Thin Film UV-C Reactor
Authors: Martínez-García María , Sauceda-Gálvez Jezer N. , Codina-Torrella Idoia , Hernández-Herrero María Manuela , Gervilla Ramón , Roig-Sagués Artur X.
Published: October 2023

Vegetative cells of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli and spores of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger were inoculated in soy milk at an initial concentration of ≈5 log CFU/mL. Inoculated and control (non-inoculated) soy milk samples were submitted to three types of treatments using a tubular annular thin film short-wave ultraviolet (UV-C) reactor with 1 mm of layer thickness. Treatments applied depended on the flow rate and the number of entries to the reactor, with UV-C doses ranging from 20 to 160 J/mL. The number of entries into the reactor tube (NET) was established as the most determining parameter for the efficiency of the UV-C treatments. Conidiospores of A. niger were reported as the most resistant, followed by B. subtilis spores, while vegetative cells were the most sensible to UV-C, with Listeria monocytogenes being more sensible than Escherichia coli. Treatments of just 80 J/mL were needed to achieve a 5 log CFU/mL reduction of L. monocytogenes while 160 J/mL was necessary to achieve a similar reduction for A. niger spores.
The Impact of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Metabolomics on the Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Tea Seeds
Authors: Jiang Li , Liu Shujing , Hu Xinrong , Li Duojiao , Chen Le , Weng Xiaoxing , Zheng Zhaisheng , Chen Xuan , Zhuang Jing , Li Xinghui , Chen Zhengdao , Yuan Mingan
Published: October 2023

The synthesis of tea fatty acids plays a crucial role in determining the oil content of tea seeds and selecting tea tree varieties suitable for harvesting both leaves and fruits. However, there is limited research on fatty acid synthesis in tea trees, and the precise mechanisms influencing tea seed oil content remain elusive. To reveal the fatty acid biosynthesis mechanism, we conducted a photosynthetic characteristic and targeted metabolomics analysis in comparison between Jincha 2 and Wuniuzao cultivars. Our findings revealed that Jincha 2 exhibited significantly higher net photosynthetic rates (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) compared with Wuniuzao, indicating the superior photosynthetic capabilities of Jincha 2. Totally, we identified 94 metabolites with significant changes, including key hormone regulators such as gibberellin A1 (GA1) and indole 3-acetic acid (IAA). Additionally, linolenic acid, methyl dihydrojasmonate, and methylthiobutyric acid, precursors required for fatty acid synthesis, were significantly more abundant in Jincha 2 compared with Wuniuzao. In summary, our research suggests that photosynthetic rates and metabolites contribute to the increased yield, fatty acid synthesis, and oil content observed in Jincha 2 when compared with Wuniuzao.
Machine Learning Techniques to Predict Timeliness of Care among Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Earnest Arul , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Stirling Robert G.
Published: October 2023

Delays in the assessment, management, and treatment of lung cancer patients may adversely impact prognosis and survival. This study is the first to use machine learning techniques to predict the quality and timeliness of care among lung cancer patients, utilising data from the Victorian Lung Cancer Registry (VLCR) between 2011 and 2022, in Victoria, Australia. Predictor variables included demographic, clinical, hospital, and geographical socio-economic indices. Machine learning methods such as random forests, k-nearest neighbour, neural networks, and support vector machines were implemented and evaluated using 20% out-of-sample cross validations via the area under the curve (AUC). Optimal model parameters were selected based on 10-fold cross validation. There were 11,602 patients included in the analysis. Evaluated quality indicators included, primarily, overall proportion achieving “time from referral date to diagnosis date ≤ 28 days” and proportion achieving “time from diagnosis date to first treatment date (any intent) ≤ 14 days”. Results showed that the support vector machine learning methods performed well, followed by nearest neighbour, based on out-of-sample AUCs of 0.89 (in-sample = 0.99) and 0.85 (in-sample = 0.99) for the first indicator, respectively. These models can be implemented in the registry databases to help healthcare workers identify patients who may not meet these indicators prospectively and enable timely interventions.
An Exploratory Analysis of the Association between Hospital Quality Measures and Financial Performance
Authors: Beauvais Brad , Dolezel Diane , Ramamonjiarivelo Zo
Published: October 2023

Hospitals are perpetually challenged by concurrently improving the quality of healthcare and maintaining financial solvency. Both issues are among the top concerns for hospital executives across the United States, yet some have questioned if the efforts to enhance quality are financially sustainable. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine if efforts to improve quality in the hospital setting have a corresponding association with hospital profitability. Recent and directly relevant research on this topic is very limited, leaving practitioners uncertain about the wisdom of their investments in interventions which enhance quality and patient safety. We assessed if eight different quality measures were associated with our targeted measure of hospital profitability: the net patient revenue per adjusted discharge. Using multivariate regression, we found that improving quality was significantly associated with our targeted measure of hospital profitability: the net patient revenue per adjusted discharge. Significant findings were reported for seven of eight quality measures tested, including the HCAHPS Summary Star Rating (p < 0.001), Hospital Compare Overall Rating (p < 0.001), All-Cause Hospital-Wide Readmission Rate (p < 0.01), Total Performance Score (p < 0.001), Safety Domain Score (p < 0.01), Person and Community Engagement Domain Score (p < 0.001), and the Efficiency and Cost Reduction Score (p < 0.001). Failing to address quality and patient safety issues is costly for US hospitals. We believe our findings support the premise that increased attention to the quality of care delivered as well as patients’ perceptions of care may allow hospitals to accentuate profitability and advance a hospital’s financial position.
Unraveling the Nexus: Exploring the Relationship between Exercise Habits and Sleep Quality in Older Adults
Authors: Xu Wenhu , Fang Jianze , Chen Long , Wang Dongmin , Huang Chengye , Huang Tiange , Guo Chao
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of exercise habits on enhancing the sleep quality of older adults. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale and other questionnaires were utilized to assess the sleep quality of older adults aged 60 years and above in the H district. The sampling method employed was stratified random sampling. To analyze the influencing factors of sleep quality, the average treatment effect was estimated, the robustness of the results was assessed and statistical methods such as Logit regression and propensity score matching were employed. The study revealed that exercise habits strongly correlated with improved sleep quality in the older adult (p < 0.05), with the average total sleep quality score being 6.22 (±3.53). It was observed that older adults who engaged in exercise habits experienced a significant 12.66% increase in the likelihood of achieving good sleep. This investigation highlights the positive association between exercise habits and enhanced sleep quality among older adults. Additionally, age, physical pain and self-rated health statuses were identified as significant factors influencing sleep quality in this population. To enhance the sleep quality of older adults, this article recommends promoting relevant exercise habits, thus contributing to their overall well-being and quality of life.
Enhanced Natural Strength: Lamiaceae Essential Oils and Nanotechnology in In Vitro and In Vivo Medical Research
Authors: Kowalczyk Tomasz , Merecz-Sadowska Anna , Ghorbanpour Mansour , Szemraj Janusz , Piekarski Janusz , Bijak Michal , Śliwiński Tomasz , Zajdel Radosław , Sitarek Przemysław
Published: October 2023

The Lamiaceae is one of the most important families in the production of essential oils known to have a wide spectrum of biological activity. Recent research has highlighted the dermatological capabilities of various Lamiaceae essential oils, which appear to offer potential in free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activity. Some have also been extensively studied for their tissue remodeling and wound-healing, anti-aging, anti-melanogenic, and anti-cancer properties. Certain Lamiaceae essential oils are promising as novel therapeutic alternatives for skin disorders. This potential has seen substantial efforts dedicated to the development of modern formulations based on nanotechnology, enabling the topical application of various Lamiaceae essential oils. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the utilization of various essential oils from the Lamiaceae family over the past decade. It offers an overview of the current state of knowledge concerning the use of these oils as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, wound-healers, anti-aging agents, anti-melanogenic agents, and anticancer agents, both alone and in combination with nanoparticles. Additionally, the review explores their potential applicability in patents regarding skin diseases.
Side-Chain Immune Oxysterols Induce Neuroinflammation by Activating Microglia
Authors: Son Yonghae , Yeo In-Jun , Hong Jin-Tae , Eo Seong-Kug , Lee Dongjun , Kim Koanhoi
Published: October 2023

In individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, the brain exhibits elevated levels of IL-1β and oxygenated cholesterol molecules (oxysterols). This study aimed to investigate the effects of side-chain oxysterols on IL-1β expression using HMC3 microglial cells and ApoE-deficient mice. Treatment of HMC3 cells with 25-hydroxycholesterol (25OHChol) and 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OHChol) led to increased IL-1β expression at the transcript and protein levels. Additionally, these oxysterols upregulated the surface expression of MHC II, a marker of activated microglia. Immunohistochemistry performed on the mice showed increased microglial expression of IL-1β and MHC II when fed a high-cholesterol diet. However, cholesterol and 24s-hydroxycholesterol did not increase IL-1β transcript levels or MHC II expression. The extent of IL-1β increase induced by 25OHChol and 27OHChol was comparable to that caused by oligomeric β-amyloid, and the IL-1β expression induced by the oxysterols was not impaired by polymyxin B, which inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1β expression. Both oxysterols enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK, and Src, and inhibition of these kinase pathways with pharmacological inhibitors suppressed the expression of IL-1β and MHC II. The pharmacological agents chlorpromazine and cyclosporin A also impaired the oxysterol-induced expression of IL-1β and upregulation of MHC II. Overall, these findings suggest that dysregulated cholesterol metabolism leading to elevated levels of side-chain oxysterols, such as 25OHChol and 27OHChol, can activate microglia to secrete IL-1β through a mechanism amenable to pharmacologic intervention. The activation of microglia and subsequent neuroinflammation elicited by the immune oxysterols can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Recent Advances in In Vivo Somatic Cell Gene Modification in Newborn Pups
Authors: Nakamura Shingo , Morohoshi Kazunori , Inada Emi , Sato Yoko , Watanabe Satoshi , Saitoh Issei , Sato Masahiro
Published: October 2023

Germline manipulation at the zygote stage using the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been extensively employed for creating genetically modified animals and maintaining established lines. However, this approach requires a long and laborious task. Recently, many researchers have attempted to overcome these limitations by generating somatic mutations in the adult stage through tail vein injection or local administration of CRISPR reagents, as a new strategy called “in vivo somatic cell genome editing”. This approach does not require manipulation of early embryos or strain maintenance, and it can test the results of genome editing in a short period. The newborn is an ideal stage to perform in vivo somatic cell genome editing because it is immune-privileged, easily accessible, and only a small amount of CRISPR reagents is required to achieve somatic cell genome editing throughout the entire body, owing to its small size. In this review, we summarize in vivo genome engineering strategies that have been successfully demonstrated in newborns. We also report successful in vivo genome editing through the neonatal introduction of genome editing reagents into various sites in newborns (as exemplified by intravenous injection via the facial vein), which will be helpful for creating models for genetic diseases or treating many genetic diseases.
Genomes of a Novel Group of Phages That Use Alternative Genetic Code Found in Human Gut Viromes
Authors: Babkin Igor , Tikunov Artem , Morozova Vera , Matveev Andrey , Morozov Vitaliy V. , Tikunova Nina
Published: October 2023

Metagenomics provides detection of phage genome sequences in various microbial communities. However, the use of alternative genetic codes by some phages precludes the correct analysis of their genomes. In this study, the unusual phage genome (phAss-1, 135,976 bp) was found after the de novo assembly of the human gut virome. Genome analysis revealed the presence of the TAG stop codons in 41 ORFs, including characteristic phage ORFs, and three genes of suppressor tRNA. Comparative analysis indicated that no phages with similar genomes were described. However, two phage genomes (BK046881_ctckW2 and BK025033_ct6IQ4) with substantial similarity to phAss-1 were extracted from the human gut metagenome data. These two complete genomes demonstrated 82.7% and 86.4% of nucleotide identity, respectively, similar genome synteny to phAss-1, the presence of suppressor tRNA genes and suppressor TAG stop codons in many characteristic phage ORFs. These data indicated that phAss-1, BK046881_ctckW2, and BK025033_ct6IQ4 are distinct species within the proposed Phassvirus genus. Moreover, a monophyletic group of divergent phage genomes containing the proposed Phassvirus genus was found among metagenome data. Several phage genomes from the group also contain ORFs with suppressor TAG stop codons, indicating the need to use various translation tables when depositing phage genomes in GenBank.
Essential Amino Acid Starvation-Induced Oxidative Stress Causes DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Murine Osteoblast-like Cells
Authors: Li Runbo , Kato Hirohito , Fumimoto Chihiro , Nakamura Yurika , Yoshimura Kimihiro , Minagawa Emika , Omatsu Keiju , Ogata Chizuko , Taguchi Yoichiro , Umeda Makoto
Published: October 2023

Intracellular nutrient metabolism, particularly the metabolism of essential amino acids (EAAs), is crucial for cellular functions, including energy production and redox homeostasis. An EAA deficiency can lead to cellular dysfunction and oxidative stress. This study explores the mechanisms underlying cellular responses to EAA starvation, focusing on ROS-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. MC3T3-E1 cells were subjected to EAA starvation, and various assays were conducted to assess cell proliferation, survival, DNA damage, and apoptosis. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was employed to block ROS formation and mitigate cellular damage. Gene expression and Western blot analyses were performed to elucidate molecular pathways. EAA starvation-induced ROS generation, DNA damage, and apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells. NAC administration effectively reduced DNA damage and apoptosis, highlighting the pivotal role of ROS in mediating these cellular responses during EAA deficiency. This study demonstrates that EAA starvation triggers ROS-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis, offering insights into the intricate interplay between nutrient deficiency, oxidative stress, and programmed cell death. NAC emerges as a potential therapeutic intervention to counteract these adverse effects.
Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by the Plantaricin-Producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum D13, Analysed in the DSS-Induced Colitis Mouse Model
Authors: Butorac Katarina , Novak Jasna , Banić Martina , Leboš Pavunc Andreja , Čuljak Nina , Oršolić Nada , Odeh Dyana , Perica Jana , Šušković Jagoda , Kos Blaženka
Published: October 2023

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum D13 shows antistaphylococcal and antilisterial activity, probably due to the synthesis of a presumptive bacteriocin with antibiofilm capacity released in the cell-free supernatant (CFS), whose inhibitory effect is enhanced by cocultivation with susceptible strains. An in silico analysis of the genome of strain D13 confirmed the pln gene cluster. Genes associated with plantaricin biosynthesis, structure, transport, antimicrobial activity, and immunity of strain D13 were identified. Furthermore, the predicted homology-based 3D structures of the cyclic conformation of PlnE, PlnF, PlnJ, and PlnK revealed that PlnE and PlnK contain two helices, while PlnF and PlnJ contain one and two helices, respectively. The potential of the strain to modulate the intestinal microbiota in healthy or dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse models was also investigated. Strain D13 decreased the disease activity index (DAI) and altered the gut microbiota of mice with DSS-induced colitis by increasing the ratio of beneficial microbial species (Allobaculum, Barnesiella) and decreasing those associated with inflammatory bowel disease (Candidatus Saccharimonas). This suggests that strain D13 helps to restore the gut microbiota after DSS-induced colitis, indicating its potential for further investigation as a probiotic strain for the prevention and treatment of colitis.
Insight into the High-Efficiency Benzo(a)pyrene Degradation Ability of Pseudomonas benzopyrenica BaP3 and Its Application in the Complete Bioremediation of Benzo(a)pyrene
Authors: Dong Xingchen , Wu Siyi , Rao Zihuan , Xiao Yaqian , Long Yan , Xie Zhixiong
Published: October 2023

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common carcinogens. Benzo(a)pyrene is one of the most difficult high-molecular-weight (HMW) PAHs to remove. Biodegradation has become an ideal method to eliminate PAH pollutants from the environment. The existing research is mostly limited to low-molecular-weight PAHs; there is little understanding of HMW PAHs, particularly benzo(a)pyrene. Research into the biodegradation of HMW PAHs contributes to the development of microbial metabolic mechanisms and also provides new systems for environmental treatments. Pseudomonas benzopyrenica BaP3 is a highly efficient benzo(a)pyrene-degrading strain that is isolated from soil samples, but its mechanism of degradation remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to clarify the high degradation efficiency mechanism of BaP3. The genes encoding Rhd1 and Rhd2 in strain BaP3 were characterized, and the results revealed that rhd1 was the critical factor for high degradation efficiency. Molecular docking and enzyme activity determinations confirmed this conclusion. A recombinant strain that could completely mineralize benzo(a)pyrene was also proposed for the first time. We explained the mechanism of the high-efficiency benzo(a)pyrene degradation ability of BaP3 to improve understanding of the degradation mechanism of highly toxic PAHs and to provide new solutions to practical applications via synthetic biology.
Hydrazine Oxidation in Aqueous Solutions I: N4H6 Decomposition
Authors: Breza Martin , Manova Alena
Published: October 2023

A mixture of nonlabeled (14N2H4) and 15N labeled hydrazine (15N2H4) in an aqueous solution is oxidized to 15N2, 14N2, and 14N15N molecules, indicating the intermediate existence of the 14NH2-14NH-15NH-15NH2 with subsequent hydrogen transfers and splitting of side N-N bonds. The structures, thermodynamics and electron characteristics of various N4H6 molecules in aqueous solutions are investigated using theoretical treatment at the CCSD/cc-pVTZ level of theory to explain the crucial part of the hydrazine oxidation reaction. Most N4H6 structures in aqueous solutions are decomposed during geometry optimization. Splitting the bond between central nitrogen atoms is the most frequent method, but the breakaway of the side nitrogen is energetically the most preferred one. The N-N fissions are enabled by suitable hydrogen rearrangements. Gibbs free energy data indicate the dominant abundance of NH3... N2... NH3 species. The side N atoms have very high negative charges, which should support hydrogen transfers in aqueous solutions. The only stable cyclo-(NH)4…H2 structure has a Gibbs energy that is too high and breaks the H2 molecule. The remaining initial cyclic structures are split into hydrazine and HN≡NH or H2N≡N species, and their relative abundance in aqueous solutions is vanishing.
Vertical Distribution of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Deciduous Forests in the Center of European Russia
Authors: Gornostaev Nikolai G. , Ruchin Alexander B. , Esin Mikhail N. , Lazebny Oleg E. , Kulikov Alex M.
Published: October 2023

Research of Diptera in temperate forests has demonstrated uneven vertical distributions of insects. In this study, we examined the vertical distribution, seasonal fluctuations, and species diversity of Drosophilidae species in the Mordovia State Reserve. This research marks the first exploration of drosophilid vertical stratification in the European part of Russia. Using traps, we collected flies in four deciduous forest sites between early June and mid-September in 2020. A total of 27,151 individuals from 10 genera and 34 drosophilid species were identified, with 6 species from 4 genera being new to the Republic of Mordovia. Drosophila obscura Fll. and Scaptodrosophila rufifrons Lw. were the most abundant species in traps. The total highest number of drosophilid flies (10,429 individuals) was captured at a height of 1.5 m, while the lowest number (5086 individuals) was recorded at 12 m. The average number of flies was 6240 and 5387 individuals at heights of 7.5 m and 3.5 m, respectively. However, the prevalence of drosophilid numbers at the 1.5-m height was not constant during the season. We found that in the second part of July the total fly counts at heights of 7.5 m and 12 m exceeded those at 1.5 m. We have described five different types of vertical distribution of drosophilids throughout the season, which differs markedly in mycetobionts and xylosaprobionts ecological groups. Species diversity demonstrated variations across different sites and tiers during the season, with peak diversity observed in June and September.
Serum Copper Concentrations, Effect Modifiers and Blood Pressure: Insights from NHANES 2011–2014
Authors: Xu Ruo-Nan , Zhang Yue , Xu Xin , Li Xu , He Lan , Feng Qiang , Yang Yong-Hai , He Yang , Ma Xiao , He Yong-Ming
Published: October 2023

(1) Background: Epidemiological studies on the relationship between serum copper and hypertension are contradictory. We assessed the relationship between serum copper and blood pressure among adults in the United States. (2) Methods: We divided hypertension into two categories: treated hypertension and untreated hypertension. Linear or logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the association between serum copper concentrations and blood pressure levels. (3) Results: As compared to quartile 1, the odds ratios (ORs) for untreated hypertension in quartiles 2, 3, and 4 were 1.02 (0.74–1.42), 1.23 (0.88–1.72), and 1.08 (0.74–1.58), respectively, in multivariable analysis (all p > 0.05). In non-hypertension, as compared with quartile 1, the β (95% CI) of systolic blood pressure for quartiles 2, 3, and 4 was −0.92 (−2.07–0.23), −0.05 (−1.30–1.20), and −0.48 (−1.83–0.88), respectively, in multivariable analysis (all p > 0.05). As compared to quartile 1, the ORs for treated hypertension in quartiles 2, 3, and 4 were 1.36 (0.88–2.10), 1.35 (0.87–2.09), and 1.56 (0.98–2.47), respectively, upon multivariable analysis including antihypertensive medication use as a covariate (all p > 0.05). Furthermore, 1SD increase in serum copper was non-significantly associated with 1.16 (0.97–1.37)-fold increased risk of hypertension in multivariable analysis (p = 0.096). (4) Conclusion: In the present study, we discovered that the serum copper concentration was not related with hypertension or blood pressure levels. Antihypertensive drug use may distort the correlation between copper and blood pressure levels. Information on antihypertensive drug use may be taken into account when identifying new risk factors for hypertension.
Mapping of Neuro-Cardiac Electrophysiology: Interlinking Epilepsy and Arrhythmia
Authors: Senapati Sidhartha G. , Bhanushali Aditi K. , Lahori Simmy , Naagendran Mridula Sree , Sriram Shreya , Ganguly Arghyadeep , Pusa Mounika , Damani Devanshi N. , Kulkarni Kanchan , Arunachalam Shivaram P.
Published: October 2023

The interplay between neurology and cardiology has gained significant attention in recent years, particularly regarding the shared pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical comorbidities observed in epilepsy and arrhythmias. Neuro-cardiac electrophysiology mapping involves the comprehensive assessment of both neural and cardiac electrical activity, aiming to unravel the intricate connections and potential cross-talk between the brain and the heart. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the field by enabling the analysis of large-scale data sets, complex signal processing, and predictive modeling. AI algorithms have been applied to neuroimaging, electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and other diagnostic modalities to identify subtle patterns, classify disease subtypes, predict outcomes, and guide personalized treatment strategies. In this review, we highlight the potential clinical implications of neuro-cardiac mapping and AI in the management of epilepsy and arrhythmias. We address the challenges and limitations associated with these approaches, including data quality, interpretability, and ethical considerations. Further research and collaboration between neurologists, cardiologists, and AI experts are needed to fully unlock the potential of this interdisciplinary field.
Twelve-Lead ECG, Holter Monitoring Parameters, and Genetic Testing in Brugada Syndrome: Insights from Analysis of Multigenerational Family with a History of Sudden Cardiac Arrest during Physical Activity
Authors: Matusik Paweł T. , Bijak Piotr , Kaźnica-Wiatr Magdalena , Karpiński Marek , Matusik Patrycja S. , Maziarz Andrzej , Podolec Piotr , Lelakowski Jacek
Published: October 2023

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an arrhythmogenic disorder increasing the risk of syncopal episodes and sudden cardiac death. BrS usually runs through families with reduced penetrance and variable expression. We analyzed the multigenerational family of a patient who died after sudden cardiac arrest with post-mortem diagnosis of BrS. We analyzed clinical history, comprehensive arrhythmic risk, genetic findings, and additional tests, including electrocardiogram (ECG), detailed 24-hour Holter ECG results, and standard echocardiography findings, and followed up the patients in the ambulatory clinic. We analyzed a pedigree of 33 members of four generations of the family (19 male and 14 female patients). In this family, we identified 7 patients with BrS (median Modified Shanghai Score and Sieira model: 4.5 (4–6) and 1 (0–4) points, respectively), including both parents of the deceased patient, and 8 relatives with negative sodium channel blocker drug challenge test. Genetic testing revealed a novel mutation in sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 (SCN5A) c.941A>G, (p.Tyr314Cys) inherited from the father of the proband. Patients with BrS were characterized by longer P-wave duration (120 (102–155) vs. 92.5 (88–110) ms, p = 0.013) and longer PR intervals (211.3 ±26.3 vs. 161.6 ± 18.9 ms, p = 0.001), along with more frequent positive aVR sign, but did not differ in terms of QRS duration or T-wave characteristics in resting ECGs. BrS patients were characterized by lower mean, minimal, and maximal (for all p ≤ 0.01) heart rates obtained from Holter ECG monitoring, while there was no difference in arrhythmias among investigated patients. Moreover, visual diurnal variability of ST segment changes and fragmented QRS complexes were observed in patients with BrS in Holter ECG monitoring. There were no major arrhythmic events during median follow-up of 68.7 months of alive BrS patients. These results suggest ECG features which may be associated with a diagnosis of BrS and indicate a novel SCN5A variant in BrS patients. Twelve-lead Holter ECG monitoring, with modified precordial leads placement, may be useful in BrS diagnostics and risk stratification in personalized medicine.
Identification of the blaOXA-23 Gene in the First Mucoid XDR Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from a Patient with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Rossitto Martina , Vrenna Gianluca , Tuccio Guarna Assanti Vanessa , Essa Nour , De Santis Maria Luisa , Granaglia Annarita , Fini Vanessa , Costabile Valentino , Onori Manuela , Cristiani Luca , Boni Alessandra , Cutrera Renato , Perno Carlo Federico , Bernaschi Paola
Published: October 2023

Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the pathogens most involved in health care-associated infections in recent decades. Known for its ability to accumulate several antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, it possesses the oxacillinase blaoxa-23, a carbapenemase now endemic in Italy. Acinetobacter species are not frequently observed in patients with cystic fibrosis, and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii is a rare event in these patients. Non-mucoid A. baumannii carrying the blaoxa-23 gene has been sporadically detected. Here, we describe the methods used to detect blaoxa-23 in the first established case of pulmonary infection via a mucoid strain of A. baumannii producing carbapenemase in a 24-year-old cystic fibrosis patient admitted to Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital in Rome, Italy. This strain, which exhibited an extensively drug-resistant antibiotype, also showed a great ability to further increase its resistance in a short time.
Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in Latin America (Mexico) and the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vivanco-Rojas Oscar , López-Letayf Sonia , Londoño-Angarita Valentina , Magaña-Guerrero Fátima Sofía , Buentello-Volante Beatriz , Garfias Yonathan
Published: October 2023

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the main complications of diabetes, and the management of the main control parameters explains only an 11% reduction in the risk of progressing to DR, leaving 89% to be explained by other factors or correlations between the usual factors that are currently unknown. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the similarities and differences between the possible risk factors for developing DR when comparing the world to Latin American populations. The search was performed first for Latin American (LA) populations and a second search for non-Latin American (Non-LA) populations. Using the PRISMA guidelines, five articles were found to be relevant for each of the groups. The patients who had elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) developed DR more frequently than the patients without retinopathy (Z = 2.1, p = 0.03), an effect measured in the population at a global level (GL), behavior that becomes not significant when the LA and non-LA populations are grouped separately; relevant to this is that the diagnosis of hypertension (HBP) grouped globally and stratified does not present a risk factor for DR (Z = 0.79, p = 0.42). This indicates that SBP is a risk factor for the world population and that, by separating it into different regions, the omission could cause it not to be considered a possible risk factor. In conclusion, the relationship between the increase in DR associated with the risk factors present in different populations, the limited research conducted in Latin America, and the cultural, social, economic, and genetic differences makes for a complex condition, which reflects the necessity of researching in a more integrated way.
What Really Matters to Survivors of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection—A Survey of Patient-Reported Outcomes in the Dutch National Aortic Dissection Advocacy Group
Authors: Breel Jennifer S. , de Klerk Eline S. , Strypet Magnus , de Heer Frederiek , Hermanns Henning , Hollmann Markus W. , Eberl Susanne
Published: October 2023

(1) Background: Type A acute aortic dissection (TAAAD) almost always requires emergency surgery, and postoperative complications are common. Quality assurance systems tend to measure only the hard outcomes, e.g., complications and mortality. Our aim was to assess the health-related quality of life of TAAAD survivors. (2) Methods: An anonymized, Dutch language, web-based survey was sent out to all of the participants of the 2022 Annual Meeting of the Dutch National Aortic Dissection (DNAD) advocacy group via their own representatives. The survey was divided into five sections: patient information, global satisfaction, surgery, including complications, and the recovery period. (3) Results: Ninety members of the DNAD group attended the meeting. Seventy-five (83%) participated in the survey, and the responses from 61 (81%) were available for analysis. Despite hindrances in their daily life (complications, changes in physical, cognitive, and social functioning), patients were satisfied with their treatment, and all would undergo the procedure again. In addition they requested better post-discharge guidance and communication (4) Conclusion: The emphasis lies in equipping patients with knowledge about potential outcomes and effective coping strategies. This underscores the importance of communication and expectation management, in line with established literature.
Enhancing Cardiovascular Health and Functional Recovery in Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Stroke-Specific and Cardiac Rehabilitation Protocols for Optimized Rehabilitation
Authors: Rizvi Moattar Raza , Sharma Ankita , Malki Ahmed , Sami Waqas
Published: October 2023

Background: Stroke is a major contributor to disability and mortality globally. It leads to physical impairments, including weakness and cardiovascular deconditioning, posing significant challenges to stroke survivors’ quality of life. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation has shown promise as a rehabilitation strategy. This study aims to assess and compare the impacts of stroke-specific rehabilitation and individualized cardiac rehabilitation exercises on various health parameters in stroke patients. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted, involving 38 stroke patients aged 40–75 years. Group A received stroke-specific rehabilitation, which consisted of a combination of range of motion exercises, strength training for the paralyzed side, balance and coordination training, gait training, functional mobility exercises, neuromuscular reeducation, and breathing exercises. This program was conducted five days per week for 12 weeks. Group B received individually designed cardiac rehabilitation exercises, in addition to stroke-specific rehabilitation. They engaged in this exercise for at least 30–45 min per day, four days per week, and incorporated two days of resistive training over a 12-week period. Baseline and post-intervention assessments included measures of cardiac autonomic function, balance (Berg Balance Scale), mobility (Timed Up and Go Test), cardiovascular fitness indicators, respiratory parameters, exercise efficiency, and perceived exertion. Results: Group B receiving individualized cardio rehab showed significant improvements in balance and mobility compared to Group A receiving conventional stroke-specific rehab. Moreover, Group B exhibited enhanced cardiovascular fitness, respiratory performance, exercise efficiency, and autonomic function post-intervention. Notably, Group A displayed no significant improvements in these parameters. Conclusions: Individualized cardiac rehabilitation exercises demonstrated favorable outcomes in improving certain health parameters, highlighting the potential benefits of individualized rehabilitation strategies for stroke patients.
Brugada Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Fundamental and Electrophysiological New Findings
Authors: Kataoka Naoya , Imamura Teruhiko
Published: October 2023

Brugada syndrome is characterized by pronounced J-ST segment elevation in the right precordial leads on surface electrocardiograms. The etiological underpinnings of these distinctive features have been the subject of extensive debate, encompassing various theories related to repolarization anomalies and conduction irregularities. Genetic investigations have unveiled SCN5A, the gene encoding NaV1.5, a critical sodium channel, as the most frequently implicated causative gene, with mutations typically manifesting as loss of function. Nonetheless, the detection rate of SCN5A mutations remains below 20%, underscoring the intricate genetic landscape of the syndrome. Histological analyses have divulged localized structural irregularities, primarily marked by fibrotic alterations, within the right ventricular outflow tract. Electrophysiological inquiries employing direct epicardial mapping techniques have uncovered localized conduction impediments concomitant with modifications in unipolar morphologies within the J-ST segment. Thus, the theory positing conduction abnormalities emerges as a compelling mechanism accounting for J-ST segment elevation. However, the precise mechanisms governing the onset of life-threatening tachyarrhythmias remain shrouded in uncertainty. Recent clinical case reports have proffered evidence supporting the notion that phase 2 reentry, arising from the marked heterogeneity in action potentials within the epicardial domain, may serve as the instigator of premature ventricular contractions, ultimately culminating in ventricular fibrillation. In light of these developments, it becomes increasingly evident that comprehending the mechanisms underlying the electrocardiographic manifestations and lethal arrhythmias in Brugada syndrome necessitates the consideration of a multifaceted perspective, transcending the binary discourse of repolarization versus depolarization anomalies.
The Relationship between Anxiety, Visual Function, and Symptomatology in University Students
Authors: Ortiz-Peregrina Sonia , Ortiz Carolina , Casares-López Miriam , Martino Francesco , Granados-Delgado Pilar , Anera Rosario G.
Published: October 2023

Mental health concerns have emerged at the university level, with the psychological well-being of students being increasingly affected. This cross-sectional study investigated the proportion of university students having anxiety, and its effects on their visual function and symptomatology. We included 41 students (26.1 ± 4.8 years), and their visual function was assessed through several tests to produce a general visual performance index (VPI). The visual symptomatology was studied using the Conlon Visual Discomfort Survey and the Quality of Vision (QoV) questionnaire. The students were classified into two groups according to the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) test (“no anxiety” and “anxiety” groups). The visual function evaluation indicated significantly worse VPI in the anxiety group (p = 0.047). These students also showed significantly higher scores in the Conlon survey (p = 0.004) and two subscales of the QoV questionnaire: symptom severity (p = 0.041) and symptom bothersomeness (p = 0.013). Moreover, the multiple linear regression model showed a significant association between visual discomfort according to the Conlon questionnaire and the level of anxiety (r = 0.405; R2 = 0.164; B = 0.405; p = 0.012). It is important to study the influence of psychological factors on vision, not only for refractive error, but also for binocular and accommodative disorders.
Mortality in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome—A Prospective 5-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Mi , Melichova Daniela , Aabel Eivind W. , Lie Øyvind H. , Klæboe Lars Gunnar , Grenne Bjørnar , Sjøli Benthe , Brunvand Harald , Haugaa Kristina , Edvardsen Thor
Published: October 2023

Our objective was to compare long-term outcomes in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) between two time periods in Southern Norway. There are limited contemporary data comparing long-term follow-up after revascularization in the last decades. This prospective follow-up study consecutively included both NSTEMI and STEMI patients during two time periods, 2014–2015 and 2004–2009. Patients were followed up for a period of 5 years. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality after 1 and 5 years. A total of 539 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 316 with NSTEMI (234 included in 2014 and 82 included in 2007) and 223 with STEMI (160 included in 2014 and 63 included in 2004). Mortality after NSTEMI was high and remained unchanged during the two time periods (mortality rate at 1 year: 3.5% versus 4.9%, p = 0.50; and 5 years: 11.4% versus 14.6%, p = 0.40). Among STEMI patients, all-cause mortality at 1 year was reduced in 2014 compared to 2004 (1.3% versus 11.1%, p < 0.001; and 5 years: 7.0% versus 22.2%, p = 0.004, respectively). Time to coronary angiography in NSTEMI patients remained unchanged between 2014 and 2007 (28.2 h [IQR 18.1–46.3] versus 30.3 h [IQR 18.0–48.3], p = 0.20), while time to coronary angiography in STEMI patients was improved in 2014 compared with 2004 (2.8 h [IQR 2.0–4.8] versus 21.7 h [IQR 5.4–27.1], p < 0.001), respectively. During one decade of AMI treatment, mortality in patients with NSTEMI remained unchanged while mortality in STEMI patients decreased, both at 1 and 5 years.