Normative Reading and didactic section to localize de place and role of posters in geography and economics training in the Bulgarian School
Authors: Dermendzhieva Stella , Draganova Tamara 
Published: May 2024

The new modernity of the competence approach in training and lifelong learning are massively popularized mostly in the educational system, developed at a complex-active level and in combination with other approaches such as - interdisciplinary, reflexive, constructivist, activity-oriented, person-oriented, systemic, innovative, problematic, projectresearch, multicultural, etc. All approaches are interconnected and interpenetrating, interactive and multi-functionally dependent in the training process. If the approach represents a principle of action, then every activity is based on a given principle, and the implementation of the principles is carried out through approaches. The implementation and application of the approaches is done through different methods, which united in groups and with a common goal, hierarchical structure and tools form the foundations of technology in the training. In the new educational conditions, there is an added specificity, in line with global educational trends and educational strategies, where the educational perspective is also placed on the study, interpretation and presentation of information from different sources in order to form skills. Undoubtedly, the normative framework has been extended beyond specific geographical skills, being extended in the context of ICT, the requirements of the information society and digital transformations. The situational analysis of the geography and economics curricula in general preparation reveals the place and the scheduled expected results with a requirement to present geographic information only through a poster in school geography. The goals of this article are research, analysis and didactic interpretation of the normative framework of the competence for presenting a geographical object through a curricula poster; creating and justifying the life programstructural cycle of competence as an expected result for presenting geographic information through a poster; study of the connections and interactions of the competence for presenting a poster and in other subjects of the general educational preparation; identification and analyzation of examples of poster presentation and the relationship with key competence groups; systematizing the connections and creating a general model of the connections between the competence for presenting geographic information through a poster with the groups of key competences; presentation of an author's generalized model of a rule for making a poster in geography and economics. Within the research and didactic interpretation of the subject, methods such as content analysis, situational and comparative analysis, systematization, generalization, deduction and induction, multidisciplinary and integral approach, complex and systemic approach, scientific research approach, etc. have been applied. The content analysis for the application of the posters in geography and economics covers competencies as expected training results according to the curricula for general education (grades V - X) and profiled preparation (grades XI - XII) in the Bulgarian school - characterization and presentation through a poster of a geographical object , process or phenomenon. The overall structural model of application of the expected poster presentation result in terms of geographical objects, processes and phenomena is as follows: 8=[3(VI)+4(VII)]+[1*(X)]+[1(XI )]. Besides the author's model of the life cycle, other important results are: a normative systematization and didactic interpretation of the posters in geography training was made; it is ascertained that the normative framework does not contain rules and requirements for the manner and form of creating and presenting a poster; the deductive-inductive approach was applied in the spatial determination of the application of the posters by continents; an author's generalized model of a sequence of steps for making a geography and economics poster is proposed.