bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Selection of Basis Functions for Robust Tracking Control of Uncertain Linear Systems—With Application to Three-Dimensional Printing
Authors: Ramani Keval S. , Okwudire Chinedum E.
Published: May 2021

There is growing interest in the use of the filtered basis functions (FBF) approach to track linear systems, especially nonminimum phase (NMP) plants, because of its distinct advantages compared to other tracking control methods in the literature. The FBF approach expresses the control input to the plant as a linear combination of basis functions with unknown coefficients. The basis functions are forward filtered through the plant dynamics, and the coefficients are selected such that tracking error is minimized. Similar to other feedforward control methods, the tracking accuracy of the FBF approach deteriorates in the presence of uncertainties. However, unlike other methods, the FBF approach presents flexibility in terms of the choice of the basis functions, which can be used to improve its accuracy. This paper analyzes the effect of the choice of the basis functions on the tracking accuracy of FBF, in the presence of uncertainties, using the Frobenius norm of the lifted system representation (LSR) of FBF's error dynamics. Based on the analysis, a methodology for optimal selection of basis functions to maximize robustness is proposed, together with an approach to avoid large control effort when it is applied to NMP systems. The basis functions resulting from this process are called robust basis functions. Applied experimentally to a desktop three-dimensional (3D) printer with uncertain NMP dynamics, up to 48% improvement in tracking accuracy is achieved using the proposed robust basis functions compared to B-splines, while utilizing much less control effort.
Late Pleistocene–Holocene flood history, flood-sediment provenance and human imprints from the upper Indus River catchment, Ladakh Himalaya
Authors: Sharma Choudhurimayum Pankaj , Chahal Poonam , Kumar Anil , Singhal Saurabh , Sundriyal YP , Ziegler Alan D. , Agnihotri Rajesh , Wasson Robert J , Shukla Uma Kant , Srivastava Pradeep
Published: May 2021

The Indus River, originating from Manasarovar Lake in Tibet, runs along the Indus Tsangpo suture zone in Ladakh which separates the Tethyan Himalaya in the south from the Karakoram zone to the north. Due to the barriers created by the Pir-Panjal ranges and the High Himalaya, Ladakh is located in a rain shadow zone of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) making it a high-altitude desert. Occasional catastrophic hydrological events are known to endanger lives and properties of people residing there. Evidence of such events in the recent geologic past that are larger in magnitude than modern occurrences is preserved along the channels. Detailed investigation of these archives is imperative to expand our knowledge of extreme floods that rarely occur on the human timescale. Understanding the frequency, distribution, and forcing mechanisms of past extreme floods of this region is crucial to examine whether the causal agents are regional, global, or both on long timescales. We studied the Holocene extreme flood history of the Upper Indus catchment in Ladakh using slackwater deposits (SWDs) preserved along the Indus and Zanskar Rivers. SWDs here are composed of stacks of sand-silt couplets deposited rapidly during large flooding events in areas where a sharp reduction of flow velocity is caused by local geomorphic conditions. Each couplet represents a flood, the age of which is constrained using optically stimulated luminescence for sand and accelerator mass spectrometry and liquid scintillation counter 14C for charcoal specks from hearths. The study suggests occurrence of large floods during phases of strengthened ISM when the monsoon penetrated into arid Ladakh. Comparison with flood records of rivers draining other regions of the Himalaya and those influenced by the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) indicates asynchronicity with the Western Himalaya that confirms the existing anti-phase relationship of the ISM-EASM that occurred in the Holocene. Detrital zircon provenance analysis indicates that sediment transportation along the Zanskar River is more efficient than the main Indus channel during extreme floods. Post–Last Glacial Maximum human migration, during warm and wet climatic conditions, into the arid upper Indus catchment is revealed from hearths found within the SWDs.
Late Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic paleogeographic position of the Yangtze block and the change of tectonic setting in its northwestern margin: Evidence from detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of sedimentary rocks
Authors: Zhao Bingshuang , Long Xiaoping , Luo Jin , Dong Yunpeng , Lan Caiyun , Wang Jingyu , Wu Bin
Published: May 2021

The crustal evolution of the Yangtze block and its tectonic affinity to other continents of Rodinia and subsequent Gondwana have not been well constrained. Here, we present new U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons from the late Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze block to provide critical constraints on their provenance and tectonic settings. The detrital zircons of two late Neoproterozoic samples have a small range of ages (0.87–0.67 Ga) with a dominant age peak at 0.73 Ga, which were likely derived from the Hannan-Micangshan arc in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze block. In addition, the cumulative distribution curves from the difference between the depositional age and the crystalline age (CA–DA) together with the mostly positive εHf(t) values of these zircon crystals (−6.8 to +10.7, ~90% zircon grains with εHf[t] > 0) suggest these samples were deposited in a convergent setting during the late Neoproterozoic. In contrast, the Cambrian–Silurian sediments share a similar detrital zircon age spectrum that is dominated by Grenvillian ages (1.11–0.72 Ga), with minor late Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2.31–1.71 Ga), Mesoarchean to Neoarchean (3.16–2.69 Ga), and latest Archean to early Paleoproterozoic (2.57–2.38 Ga) populations, suggesting a significant change in the sedimentary provenance and tectonic setting from a convergent setting after the breakup of Rodinia to an extensional setting during the assembly of Gondwana. However, the presence of abundant Grenvillian and Neoarchean ages, along with their moderately to highly rounded shapes, indicates a possible sedimentary provenance from exotic continental terrane(s). Considering the potential source areas around the Yangtze block when it was a part of Rodinia or Gondwana, we suggest that the source of these early Paleozoic sediments had typical Gondwana affinities, such as the Himalaya, north India, and Tarim, which is also supported by their stratigraphic similarity, newly published paleomagnetic data, and tectono-thermal events in the northern fragments of Gondwana. This implies that after prolonged subduction in the Neoproterozoic, the northwestern margin of the Yangtze block began to be incorporated into the assembly of Gondwana and then accept sediments from the northern margin of Gondwanaland in a passive continental margin setting.
Late Quaternary aggradation and incision in the headwaters of the Yangtze River, eastern Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Xianyan , Yi Shuangwen , Miao Xiaodong , Vandenberghe Jef , Li Yiquan , Lu Huayu
Published: May 2021

River aggradation or incision at different spatial-temporal scales are governed by tectonics, climate change, and surface processes which all adjust the ratio of sediment load to transport capacity of a channel. But how the river responds to differential tectonic and extreme climate events in a catchment is still poorly understood. Here, we address this issue by reconstructing the distribution, ages, and sedimentary process of fluvial terraces in a tectonically active area and monsoonal environment in the headwaters of the Yangtze River in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Field observations, topographic analyses, and optically stimulated luminescence dating reveal a remarkable fluvial aggradation, followed by terrace formations at elevations of 55–62 m (T7), 42–46 m (T6), 38 m (T5), 22–36 m (T4), 18 m (T3), 12–16 m (T2), and 2–6 m (T1) above the present floodplain. Gravelly fluvial accumulation more than 62 m thick has been dated prior to 24–19 ka. It is regarded as a response to cold climate during the last glacial maximum. Subsequently, the strong monsoon precipitation contributed to cycles of rapid incision and lateral erosion, expressed as cut-in-fill terraces. The correlation of terraces suggests that specific tectonic activity controls the spatial scale and geomorphic characteristics of the terraces, while climate fluctuations determine the valley filling, river incision and terrace formation. Debris and colluvial sediments are frequently interbedded in fluvial sediment sequences, illustrating the episodic, short-timescale blocking of the channel ca. 20 ka. This indicates the potential impact of extreme events on geomorphic evolution in rugged terrain.
Constraining the duration of the Tarim flood basalts (northwestern China): CA-TIMS zircon U-Pb dating of tuffs
Authors: Zhong Yu-Ting , Luo Zhen-Yu , Mundil Roland , Wei Xun , Liu Hai-Quan , He Bin , Huang Xiao-Long , Tian Wei , Xu Yi-Gang
Published: May 2021

The Early Permian Tarim large igneous province (LIP) in northwestern China comprises voluminous basaltic lava flows, as well as ultramafic and silicic intrusions. The age and duration of the Tarim LIP remains unclear, and thus the rate of magma production and models of potential environmental effects are uncertain. Here we present high-precision chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry zircon U-Pb ages for three newly discovered tuff layers interlayered with lava flows in the Kupukuziman and Kaipaizileike formations in the Keping area (Xinjiang, northwest China). The volcanism of the Kupukuziman Formation is constrained to a short duration from 289.77 ± 0.95 to 289.41 ± 0.52 Ma. An age for the overlying Kaipaizileike Formation is 284.27 ± 0.39 Ma, bracketing the duration of the entire eruptive phase of the Tarim flood basalts at ~5.5 m.y. The low eruption rate and relatively long duration of magmatism is consistent with a plume incubation model for the Tarim LIP.
Prehistoric earthquakes on the Banning strand of the San Andreas fault, North Palm Springs, California
Authors: Castillo Bryan A. , McGill Sally F. , Scharer Katherine M. , Yule Doug , McPhillips Devin , McNeil James , Saha Sourav , Brown Nathan D. , Moon Seulgi
Published: May 2021

We studied a paleoseismic trench excavated in 2017 across the Banning strand of the San Andreas fault and herein provide the first detailed record of ground-breaking earthquakes on this important fault in Southern California. The trench exposed an ~40-m-wide fault zone cutting through alluvial sand, gravel, silt, and clay deposits. We evaluated the paleoseismic record using a new metric that combines event indicator quality and stratigraphic uncertainty. The most recent paleoearthquake occurred between 950 and 730 calibrated years B.P. (cal yr B.P.), potentially contemporaneous with the last rupture of the San Gorgonio Pass fault zone. We interpret five surface-rupturing earthquakes since 3.3–2.5 ka and eight earthquakes since 7.1–5.7 ka. It is possible that additional events have occurred but were not recognized, especially in the deeper (older) section of the stratigraphy, which was not fully exposed across the fault zone. We calculated an average recurrence interval of 380–640 yr based on four complete earthquake cycles between earthquakes 1 and 5. The average recurrence interval is thus slightly less than the elapsed time since the most recent event on the Banning strand. The average recurrence interval on the Banning strand is thus intermediate between longer intervals published for the San Gorgonio Pass fault zone (~1600 yr) and shorter intervals on both the Mission Creek strand of the San Andreas fault (~215 yr) and the Coachella section (~125 yr) of the San Andreas fault.
Renormalization and mixing of the Gluino-Glue operator on the lattice
Authors: Costa M. , Herodotou H. , Philippides P. , Panagopoulos H.
Published: May 2021

We study the mixing of the Gluino-Glue operator in $$\mathcal{N}=1$$

N
=
1

Supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory (SYM), both in dimensional regularization and on the lattice. We calculate its renormalization, which is not merely multiplicative, due to the fact that this operator can mix with non-gauge invariant operators of equal or, on the lattice, lower dimension. These operators carry the same quantum numbers under Lorentz transformations and global gauge transformations, and they have the same ghost number. We compute the one-loop quantum correction for the relevant two-point and three-point Green’s functions of the Gluino-Glue operator. This allows us to determine renormalization factors of the operator in the $${\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}$$

MS
¯

scheme, as well as the mixing coefficients for the other operators. To this end our computations are performed using dimensional and lattice regularizations. We employ a standard discretization where gluinos are defined on lattice sites and gluons reside on the links of the lattice; the discretization is based on Wilson’s formulation of non-supersymmetric gauge theories with clover improvement. The number of colors, $$N_c$$

N
c

, the gauge parameter, $$\beta $$
β
, and the clover coefficient, $$c_{\mathrm{SW}}$$

c
SW

, are left as free parameters.
Growth of matter perturbations in the extended viscous dark energy models
Authors: da Silva W. J. C. , Silva R.
Published: May 2021

In this work, we study the extended viscous dark energy models in the context of matter perturbations. To do this, we assume an alternative interpretation of the flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker Universe, through the nonadditive entropy and the viscous dark energy. We implement the relativistic equations to obtain the growth of matter fluctuations for a smooth version of dark energy. As result, we show that the matter density contrast evolves similarly to the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model in high redshift; however, in late time, it is slightly different from the standard model. Using the latest geometrical and growth rate observational data, we carry out a Bayesian analysis to constrain parameters and compare models. We see that our viscous models are compatible with cosmological probes, and the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM recovered with a $$1\sigma $$

1
σ

confidence level. The viscous dark energy models relieve the tension of $$H_0$$

H
0

in $$2 \sim 3 \sigma $$

2
∼
3
σ

. Yet, by involving the $$\sigma _8$$

σ
8

tension, some models can alleviate it. In the model selection framework, the data discards the extended viscous dark energy models.
Analytic study of superradiant stability of Kerr–Newman black holes under charged massive scalar perturbation
Authors: Xu Jun-Huai , Zheng Zi-Han , Luo Ming-Jian , Huang Jia-Hui
Published: May 2021

The superradiant stability of a Kerr–Newman black hole and charged massive scalar perturbation is investigated. We treat the black hole as a background geometry and study the equation of motion of the scalar perturbation. From the radial equation of motion, we derive the effective potential experienced by the scalar perturbation. By a careful analysis of this effective potential, it is found that when the inner and outer horizons of Kerr–Newman black hole satisfy $$\frac{r_-}{r_+}\leqslant \frac{1}{3}$$

r
-

r
+

⩽

1
3

and the charge-to-mass ratios of scalar perturbation and black hole satisfy $$ \frac{q}{\mu }\frac{Q}{ M}>1 $$

q
μ

Q
M

>
1

, the Kerr–Newman black hole and scalar perturbation system is superradiantly stable.
Sensitivity limit investigation of a Sagnac gyroscope through linear regression analysis
Authors: Di Virgilio Angela D. , Altucci Carlo , Bajardi Francesco , Basti Andrea , Beverini Nicolò , Capozziello Salvatore , Carelli Giorgio , Ciampini Donatella , Fuso Francesco , Giacomelli Umberto , Maccioni Enrico , Marsili Paolo , Ortolan Antonello , Porzio Alberto , Simonelli Andrea , Terreni Giuseppe , Velotta Raffaele
Published: May 2021

The sensitivity to angular rotation of the top class Sagnac gyroscope GINGERINO is carefully investigated with standard statistical means, using 103 days of continuous operation and the available geodesic measurements of the Earth angular rotation rate. All features of the Earth rotation rate are correctly reproduced. The unprecedented sensitivity of fractions of frad/s is attained for long term runs. This excellent sensitivity and stability put Sagnac gyroscopes at the forefront for fundamental physics, in particular for tests of general relativity and Lorentz violation, where the sensitivity plays the key role to provide reliable data for deeper theoretical investigations.
Schubert Winterreise Dataset
Authors: Weiß Christof , Zalkow Frank , Arifi-Müller Vlora , Müller Meinard , Koops Hendrik Vincent , Volk Anja , Grohganz Harald G.
Published: May 2021

This article presents a multimodal dataset comprising various representations and annotations of Franz Schubert’s song cycle
Winterreise
. Schubert’s seminal work constitutes an outstanding example of the Romantic song cycle—a central genre within Western classical music. Our dataset unifies several public sources and annotations carefully created by music experts, compiled in a comprehensive and consistent way. The multimodal representations comprise the singer’s lyrics, sheet music in different machine-readable formats, and audio recordings of nine performances, two of which are freely accessible for research purposes. By means of explicit musical measure positions, we establish a temporal alignment between the different representations, thus enabling a detailed comparison across different performances and modalities. Using these alignments, we provide for the different versions various musicological annotations describing tonal and structural characteristics. This metadata comprises chord annotations in different granularities, local and global annotations of musical keys, and segmentations into structural parts. From a technical perspective, the dataset allows for evaluating algorithmic approaches to tasks such as automated music transcription, cross-modal music alignment, or tonal analysis, and for testing these algorithms’ robustness across songs, performances, and modalities. From a musicological perspective, the dataset enables the systematic study of Schubert’s musical language and style in
Winterreise
and the comparison of annotations regarding different annotators and granularities. Beyond the research domain, the data may serve further purposes such as the didactic preparation of Schubert’s work and its presentation to a wider public by means of an interactive multimedia experience. With this article, we provide a detailed description of the dataset, indicate its potential for computational music analysis by means of several studies, and point out possibilities for future research.
Search Efficient Binary Network Embedding
Authors: Zhang Daokun , Yin Jie , Zhu Xingquan , Zhang Chengqi
Published: May 2021

Traditional network embedding primarily focuses on learning a continuous vector representation for each node, preserving network structure and/or node content information, such that off-the-shelf machine learning algorithms can be easily applied to the vector-format node representations for network analysis. However, the learned continuous vector representations are inefficient for large-scale similarity search, which often involves finding nearest neighbors measured by distance or similarity in a continuous vector space. In this article, we propose a search efficient binary network embedding algorithm called BinaryNE to learn a binary code for each node, by simultaneously modeling node context relations and node attribute relations through a three-layer neural network. BinaryNE learns binary node representations using a stochastic gradient descent-based online learning algorithm. The learned binary encoding not only reduces memory usage to represent each node, but also allows fast bit-wise comparisons to support faster node similarity search than using Euclidean or other distance measures. Extensive experiments and comparisons demonstrate that BinaryNE not only delivers more than 25 times faster search speed, but also provides comparable or better search quality than traditional continuous vector based network embedding methods. The binary codes learned by BinaryNE also render competitive performance on node classification and node clustering tasks. The source code of the BinaryNE algorithm is available at https://github.com/daokunzhang/BinaryNE.
Cybersecurity Standards in the Context of Operating System
Authors: Hamdani Syed Wasif Abbas , Abbas Haider , Janjua Abdul Rehman , Shahid Waleed Bin , Amjad Muhammad Faisal , Malik Jahanzaib , Murtaza Malik Hamza , Atiquzzaman Mohammed , Khan Abdul Waheed
Published: May 2021

Cyber threats have been growing tremendously in recent years. There are significant advancements in the threat space that have led towards an essential need for the strengthening of digital infrastructure security. Better security can be achieved by fine-tuning system parameters to the best and optimized security levels. For the protection of infrastructure and information systems, several guidelines have been provided by well-known organizations in the form of cybersecurity standards. Since security vulnerabilities incur a very high degree of financial, reputational, informational, and organizational security compromise, it is imperative that a baseline for standard compliance be established. The selection of security standards and extracting requirements from those standards in an organizational context is a tedious task. This article presents a detailed literature review, a comprehensive analysis of various cybersecurity standards, and statistics of cyber-attacks related to operating systems (OS). In addition to that, an explicit comparison between the frameworks, tools, and software available for OS compliance testing is provided. An in-depth analysis of the most common software solutions ensuring compliance with certain cybersecurity standards is also presented. Finally, based on the cybersecurity standards under consideration, a comprehensive set of minimum requirements is proposed for OS hardening and a few open research challenges are discussed.
Mental Health and Wealth: Depression, Gender, Poverty, and Parenting
Authors: Smith Megan V. , Mazure Carolyn M.
Published: May 2021

Depression is a common and debilitating condition that adversely affects functioning and the capacity to work and establish economic stability. Women are disproportionately burdened by depression, and low-income pregnant and parenting women have particularly high rates of depression and often lack access to treatment. As depression can be treated, it is a modifiable risk factor for poor economic outcomes for women, and thus for children and families. Recent national and state health care policy changes offer the opportunity for community-based psychological and economic interventions that can reduce the number of pregnant and parenting women with clinically significant depressive symptoms. Moreover, there is strong evidence that in addition to benefiting women's well-being, such reforms bolster children's emotional and social development and learning and help families rise out of poverty. This review summarizes the mental health and economic literature regarding how maternal depression perpetuates intergenerational poverty and discusses recommendations regarding policies to treat maternal depression in large-scale social services systems.
Smoking Treatment: A Report Card on Progress and Challenges
Authors: Baker Timothy B. , McCarthy Danielle E.
Published: May 2021

The impact of tobacco smoking treatment is determined by its reach into the smoking population and the effectiveness of its interventions. This review evaluates the reach and effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions for smoking. Historically, the reach of smoking treatment has been low, and therefore its impact has been limited, but new reach strategies such as digital interventions and health care system changes offer great promise. Pharmacotherapy tends to be more effective than psychosocial intervention when used clinically, and newer pharmacotherapy strategies hold great promise of further enhancing effectiveness. However, new approaches are needed to advance psychosocial interventions; progress has stagnated because research and dissemination efforts have focused too narrowly on skill training despite evidence that its core content may be inconsequential and the fact that its mechanisms are either unknown or inconsistent with supporting theory. Identifying effective psychosocial content and its mechanisms of action could greatly enhance the effectiveness of counseling, digital, and web interventions.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Eating Disorders
Authors: Agras W. Stewart , Bohon Cara
Published: May 2021

Research findings strongly suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy for the eating disorders (CBT-ED) is more effective than other treatments for bulimia nervosa (BN) and for binge eating disorder (BED), although interpersonal psychotherapy appears to be equally effective for BED. Evidence for the effectiveness of CBT-ED for the persistent (adult) form of anorexia nervosa (AN) is insufficient at present and is essentially absent for AN in adolescents except for some evidence from uncontrolled trials. This article begins with an overview of the early studies in the development of CBT-ED that showed a similar effectiveness of other symptom-focused psychotherapies—a finding that was neglected at the time. Later developments are then considered, including comparisons of CBT-ED with other psychotherapies, efforts to develop Internet-based training and treatment, and electronic applications for treatment. Finally, implications of the findings for future short- and long-term research and for clinical practice are considered.
Communication—Functional Conductive Polymer Binder for Practical Si-Based Electrodes
Authors: Zhu Tianyu , Liu Gao
Published: May 2021

Multifunctional conductive binders represent an emerging class of polymer materials to address inherent challenges of Si electrodes for high capacity lithium-ion batteries. Advanced binders with oriented functionalities are greatly desired to facilitate the battery chemistry. We here report stable capacity cycling of a practical composite anode comprising industrial available SiOx (>60 wt%), carbon materials and a conductive polymer binder—poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-fluorenonecomethylbenzoic ester) (PFM). This multifunctional polymer functions as both an interface modifier and an electrode binder for high-performing SiOx composite electrodes. The viability of multifunctional conductive polymer binders was further validated in a practical full cell.
High Seroprevalence of Toxocara Infection among Mentally Retarded Patients in Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran
Authors: Omidian Mostafa , Diyaleh Mariye , Pouryousef Ali , Turki Habibollah , Mikaeili Fattaneh , Sarkari Bahador
Published: May 2021

Mentally retarded individuals are more likely to become infected with soil-transmitted infections including toxocariasis. The current study aimed to determine the serostatus of toxocariasis among institutionalized mentally retarded individuals in Hormozgan Province, in the south of Iran. Subjects of the study were 117 mentally disabled individuals, including children and adults, maintained in a charity-based institution. Three millilitres of venous blood was taken from each subject. While sampling, demographic features of the subject were documented in a questionnaire. An ELISA system based on Toxocara larvae excretory-secretory antigens (TES) was utilized to detect anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies in the sera of the patients. The mean age of the subject was 27.6 (±12.31) years and consisted of 55 (47%) males and 62 (53%) females. Out of 117 cases, 33 (28.2%) were seropositive for toxocariasis. The seroprevalence was higher in females (37.1%) than males (18.2%), and the difference was statistically significant (

p

 < 0.05). Out of 117 subjects, 76 (64.9%) had severe and 41 (35.1%) had profound mental retardation. Anti-Toxocara antibodies were detected in 18 (23.7%) patients with severe and 15 (35.6%) patients with profound mental retardation. The highest seroprevalence rate of toxocariasis (44.4%) was observed in the age group of ≤10 years followed by 21–30 years old (36.7%). No statistically significant association was seen between the age and also the duration of residency in the care center and seropositivity of toxocariasis (

p

 > 0.05). The current study represents the high prevalence of toxocariasis in mentally retarded patients in Hormozgan Province, southern Iran. The elevated seroprevalence rate of toxocariasis in the current study indicates that these subjects constitute a high-risk group for Toxocara infection, which may be attributed to their behavioral patterns.
Carbon Emission Reduction Decision and Revenue-Sharing Contract with Consumers’ Low-Carbon Preference and CER Cost under Carbon Tax
Authors: Han Chao-qun , Gu Hua-ying , Sui Li-hui , Shao Chang-peng
Published: May 2021

Since the tax of carbon emission is popular and consumers are exhibiting low-carbon preference, the green manufactures have to spend more extra cost on investing carbon emission reduction (CER) technology to decrease the carbon emission. To encourage the manufacture’s CER investment efforts, this paper explores the impact of carbon tax, CER cost, and consumers’ low-carbon preference on low-carbon decision-making and designs a revenue-sharing contract (RS) by constructing Stackelberg models. Based on the theoretical and numerical analysis, this paper finds that the supply chain would benefit from the increment of consumer’s environmental awareness but be depressed by the increase of the CER investment cost factor. Additionally, there exists a unique optimal carbon tax to make CER degree the maximum. Furthermore, RS can effectively promote manufacturers to reduce carbon emissions and also improve the supply chain efficiency.
Lycopene Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Testicular Injury by Inhibiting PROK2 Expression and Activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in a Varicocele Adult Rat
Authors: Wang Hongqiang , Zhu Baojuan , Yu Lei , Li Qiang , Li Shenqian , Wang Peitao , Jing Tao , Men Tongyi
Published: May 2021

Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lycopene on hypoxia-induced testicular injury in rat model and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods. Six-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 36) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 12/group): a normal group (NG, sham control), a varicocele group (VG), and a varicocele treated by lycopene group (VLG). Bilateral renal veins constriction was performed on rats in VG and VLG. Simultaneously, rats in VLG were treated to lycopene by intragastric administration. Four weeks later, sperm was collected for sperm analysis. Testes and epididymides were harvested for morphological change analysis, histologic analysis, ELISA, qRT-PCR, and western blot. Results. Our observations were that lycopene improved the hypoxia-induced testicular injury in vivo. Prokineticin 2(PROK2) and prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2) were overexpressed in VG (

P

 < 0.01), and lycopene inhibited the PROK2 expression (

P

 < 0.01). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and sex hormones were increased by lycopene in VLG (

P

 < 0.05). Lycopene restored the quality and activity of sperm by blocking PROK2 expression (

P

 < 0.05). The expression of VEGF was increased, as HIF-1/NF-κB pathway was upregulated in VLG (

P

 < 0.05). Meanwhile, expression of pAKT/AKT in VLG was higher than that in VG (

P

 < 0.05). In addition, lycopene reduced levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in VLG (

P

 < 0.05), compared to NG. Conclusions. Lycopene improved the hypoxia-induced testicular injury by inhibiting the expression of PROK2 and decreasing levels of IL-1β and IL-2, which might show us a novel and promising treatment for varicocele testicular injury.
The Relationship of Orofacial Pain and Dental Health Status and Oral Health Behaviours in Facial Burn Patients
Authors: Chaudhary Farooq Ahmad , Ahmad Basaruddin , Javed Muhammad Qasim , Yakub Shaikh Shoeb , Arjumand Bilal , Khan Asma Munir , Mustafa Saeed
Published: May 2021

This study aims to examine the association of orofacial pain and oral health status and oral health behaviours in facial burn patients. The participants in this cross-sectional study were randomly recruited from the Burn Care Center, Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan. An intraoral evaluation was carried out to record the DMFT and OHI-S. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic status, brushing frequency, and dental visits. Orofacial pain during mandibular movement was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Psychological status was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and Impact of Events Scale. ANOVA and simple and multiple linear regression tests were used to analyse the data. From the 90 facial burn patients included, the majority were below 34 years of age, female, single or divorced, and unemployed. The mean DMFT was 10.7, and 71% had poor oral hygiene. 56% of the participants had moderate-to-severe anxiety, and 68% had posttraumatic stress disorder. 53% of the participants had moderate-to-severe pain during mouth opening or moving the mandible with a mean score of 41.5. Analyses showed that orofacial pain was associated with less frequent brushing, irregular dental visits, greater DMFT score, and more plaque accumulation (OHI-S). It was also associated with employment status, the severity of a burn, anxiety, and stress. The treatment and management of dental and oral conditions in burn patients need judicious balance in controlling and accurate assessment of the pain and improving psychological problems in burn patients.
Improving Transformer‐Based Neural Machine Translation with Prior Alignments
Authors: Nguyen Thien , Nguyen Lam , Tran Phuoc , Nguyen Huu
Published: May 2021

Transformer is a neural machine translation model which revolutionizes machine translation. Compared with traditional statistical machine translation models and other neural machine translation models, the recently proposed transformer model radically and fundamentally changes machine translation with its self‐attention and cross‐attention mechanisms. These mechanisms effectively model token alignments between source and target sentences. It has been reported that the transformer model provides accurate posterior alignments. In this work, we empirically prove the reverse effect, showing that prior alignments help transformer models produce better translations. Experiment results on Vietnamese‐English news translation task show not only the positive effect of manually annotated alignments on transformer models but also the surprising outperformance of statistically constructed alignments reinforced with the flexibility of token‐type selection over manual alignments in improving transformer models. Statistically constructed word‐to‐lemma alignments are used to train a word‐to‐word transformer model. The novel hybrid transformer model improves the baseline transformer model and transformer model trained with manual alignments by 2.53 and 0.79 BLEU, respectively. In addition to BLEU score, we make limited human judgment on translation results. Strong correlation between human and machine judgment confirms our findings.
A Narrative Review on Therapeutic Potentials of Watercress in Human Disorders
Authors: Panahi Kokhdan Esmaeel , Khodabandehloo Hadi , Ghahremani Hossein , Doustimotlagh Amir Hossein
Published: May 2021

Watercress (WC) is an aquatic vegetable that belongs to the Brassicaceae family, and it often grows near water. In traditional medicine, WC is a known remedy for hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, arthritis, bronchitis, diuresis, odontalgia, and scurvy. It also acts as an antiestrogenic and can be used as a nutritional supplement. It has been reported that these therapeutic effects are due to primary metabolites such as isothiocyanates, glucosinolates, polyphenols (flavonoids, phenolic acids, and proanthocyanidins), vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, E, and C), terpenes (including carotenoids), and bioelements which exist in this plant. Many pharmacological studies confirm the antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antipsoriatic, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, renoprotective, hepatoprotective, and antigenotoxicity effects of WC. The consumption of WC extract can be useful in reducing the complications of hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia. Furthermore, the extract of WC could markedly augment the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. Interestingly, consumption of food rich in polyphenols such as WC extract can help reduce oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cancer susceptibility. Several studies also showed that WC extract significantly reduced liver injury as a result of cholestatic hepatic injury, gamma radiation, arsenic, and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. In this review, the researchers focus on the phytochemical and biochemical characterizations of WC and its therapeutic effects in the treatment of human diseases.
Artificial Neural Network- (ANN-) Based Proxy Model for Fast Performances’ Forecast and Inverse Schedule Design of Steam-Flooding Reservoirs
Authors: Zhou Yuhui , Xu Yunfeng , Rao Xiang , Hu Yujie , Liu Deng , Zhao Hui
Published: May 2021

Steam flooding is one of the most effective and mature technology in heavy oil development. In this paper, a numerical simulation technology of steam flooding reservoir based on the finite volume method is firstly established. Combined with the phase change of steam phase, the fully implicit solution for steam flooding is carried out by using adaptive-time-step Newton iteration method. The Kriging method is used for stochastically to generate 4250 geological model samples by considering reservoir heterogeneity, and corresponding production schedule parameters are randomly given; then, these reservoir model samples are handled by the numerical simulation technology to obtain corresponding dynamic production data, which constitute the data for artificial neural network (ANN) training. By using the highly nonlinear global effect of artificial neural network and its powerful self-adaptive and self-learning functions, the forward-looking and inverse design ANN models of steam-flooding reservoirs are established, which provides a new method for rapid prediction of steam-flooding production performance and production schedule parameter design. In 4250 samples, the error of the forward-looking model is basically less than 0.1%, and the error of the inverse design model is generally less than 15%. It fully shows that the ANN models developed in this paper can quickly and effectively predict oil production and design production parameters and have an important guiding role in the implementation of the steam flooding technology. Finally, the forward-looking ANN model is applied to efficiently analyze the influencing factors of steam flooding process, and uncertainty analysis of the inverse design ANN model is conducted by Monte Carlo Simulation to illustrate its robustness. Besides, this paper may provide a reference for the application of neural network models to underground oil and gas reservoir, which is a typical invisible black box.
Study on the Improvement of Behavioral and Cognitive Dysfunction of Children with OSAHS by Vitamin D
Authors: Cui Panpan , Ge Lei , Li Jiansheng
Published: May 2021

Objective. This study is aimed at exploring the role of vitamin D in the treatment of children with OSAHS by comparing the clinical symptoms, serum indicators, and behavioral changes of vitamin D intervention. Method. Healthy children who were examined physically in Rizhao People’s Hospital were selected as the control group, and their sex, age, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, serum 25‐OHD levels, and Conners’ parental scale were measured. In addition, children diagnosed as OSAHS in the otolaryngology department of Rizhao People’s Hospital were selected as experimental subjects. Their body mass index, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, serum 25‐OHD levels, sleep apnea hypopnea index, minimum oxygen saturation, and Conners’ parental scale were measured. The experimental subjects were treated with Rocaltrol intervention therapy (0.25 g/QD) for 4 weeks and reanalyzing their triglycerides, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, serum 25‐OHD levels, sleep apnea hypopnea index, minimum oxygen saturation, and Conners’ parental scale. Result. OSAHS children commonly have the situation of obesity, dyslipidemia, and vitamin D deficiency. Behavioral and cognitive dysfunction is common in OSAHS children. There were no significant changes in body mass index, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, sleep apnea, hypopnea index, and minimum oxygen saturation for OSAHS children after vitamin D treatment, but the serum 25‐OHD level is significantly improved, and children with conduct problems, learning problems, and hyperactivity index decrease. Conclusion. (1) OSAHS children commonly have the situation of obesity, dyslipidemia, vitamin D deficiency, and behavioral and cognitive impairment. (2) Vitamin D supplementation has no therapeutic effect on obesity and dyslipidemia of OSAHS children, but has obvious protective and improving effects on neuron damage caused by hypoxia. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common disease. Patients with OSAHS usually have many clinical features, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. The decline of cognitive function and learning ability is one of the serious complications of OSAHS patients [1]. Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is associated with many diseases. Recent studies have shown that the serum 25‐OHD level of OSAHS patients is relatively insufficient and related to the disease severity. However, there are few reports on explaining whether vitamin D supplementation can alleviate the clinical symptoms and improve serum indicators and behavioral and cognitive dysfunction in children with OSAHS.
Hermite–Hadamard-Type Inequalities for
F
-Convex Functions via Katugampola Fractional Integral
Authors: Set Erhan , Mumcu İlker
Published: May 2021

This article is organized as follows: First, definitions, theorems, and other relevant information required to obtain the main results of the article are presented. Second, a new version of the Hermite–Hadamard inequality is proved for the F-convex function class using a fractional integral operator introduced by Katugampola. Finally, new fractional Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities are given with the help of F-convexity.
PurExt: Automated Extraction of the Purpose-Aware Rule from the Natural Language Privacy Policy in IoT
Authors: Yang Lu , Chen Xingshu , Luo Yonggang , Lan Xiao , Chen Li
Published: May 2021

The extensive data collection performed by the Internet of Things (IoT) devices can put users at risk of data leakage. Consequently, IoT vendors are legally obliged to provide privacy policies to declare the scope and purpose of the data collection. However, complex and lengthy privacy policies are unfriendly to users, and the lack of a machine-readable format makes it difficult to check policy compliance automatically. To solve these problems, we first put forward a purpose-aware rule to formalize the purpose-driven data collection or use statement. Then, a novel approach to identify the rule from natural language privacy policies is proposed. To address the issue of diversity of purpose expression, we present the concepts of explicit and implicit purpose, which enable using the syntactic and semantic analyses to extract purposes in different sentences. Finally, the domain adaption method is applied to the semantic role labeling (SRL) model to improve the efficiency of purpose extraction. The experiments that are conducted on the manually annotated dataset demonstrate that this approach can extract purpose-aware rules from the privacy policies with a high recall rate of 91%. The implicit purpose extraction of the adapted model significantly improves the F1-score by 11%.
The Lithological Features of Sublacustrine Fans and Significance to Hydrocarbon Exploration: A Case Study of the Chang 7 Interval of the Yanchang Formation, Southeastern Ordos Basin, North China
Authors: Yang Bo , Qu Hongjun , Shi Jianchao , Bai Yuqi , Li Wenhou , Zheng Yanrong , Zhang Rongjun
Published: May 2021

The Chang 7 interval of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin represents a typical deep lacustrine depositional sequence. On the basis of field outcrops, cores, well logs, light/heavy mineral provenance analysis, and petrological studies, we evaluated the characteristics of deep-water gravity flow deposition of the Chang 7 interval and constructed a depositional model. The sediments mainly came from the northeast of the study area, and multiple sublacustrine fans were deposited in the center of the basin. Different from the deep-marine fan, the sublacustrine fan in the study area develops under the background of gentle slope without any erosional canyon between the fan and delta front. Gravity flow deposits in the study area can categorised into three groups: sand debris flow deposits, turbidity current deposits, and deep-water mudstone deposits. The main channel and branch channel are mainly developed with thick massive sandy debris sandstone, while the channel lateral margin and branch channel lateral margin are mainly developed with middle massive sandy debris sandstones and turbidite sandstones, which from bottom to top, the thickness of sand layer becomes thinner and the grain size becomes smaller. Thin mudstone is developed between channels; the lobe fringe includes sheet-like turbidite sandstones and deep lake mudstones. The widely distribute, good quality source rocks (TOC=2%–6%) developed in deep lacustrine have attained the peak stage of oil generation (Ro=0.9%–1.2%). The superimposition of the sublacustrine fan sand bodies and the wide distribution of good quality source rocks favor the formation of large lithologic reservoirs characterized by source–reservoir integration, self-generation and self-storage, and near-source accumulation.
Approximation Properties of Generalized
λ
-Bernstein–Stancu-Type Operators
Authors: Cai Qing-Bo , Torun Gülten , Dinlemez Kantar Ülkü
Published: May 2021

The present study introduces generalized

λ

-Bernstein–Stancu-type operators with shifted knots. A Korovkin-type approximation theorem is given, and the rate of convergence of these types of operators is obtained for Lipschitz-type functions. Then, a Voronovskaja-type theorem was given for the asymptotic behavior for these operators. Finally, numerical examples and their graphs were given to demonstrate the convergence of

G

m
,
λ

α
,
β

f
,
x

to

f

x

with respect to

m

values.