bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of NIR laser therapy by MLS-MiS source against neuropathic pain in rats: in vivo and ex vivo analysis
Authors: Micheli Laura , Cialdai Francesca , Pacini Alessandra , Branca Jacopo Junio Valerio , Morbidelli Lucia , Ciccone Valerio , Lucarini Elena , Ghelardini Carla , Monici Monica , Di Cesare Mannelli Lorenzo
Published: June 2019

Neuropathic pain is characterized by an uncertain etiology and by a poor response to common therapies. The ineffectiveness and the frequent side effects of the drugs used to counteract neuropathic pain call for the discovery of new therapeutic strategies. Laser therapy proved to be effective for reducing pain sensitivity thus improving the quality of life. However, its application parameters and efficacy in chronic pain must be further analyzed. We investigated the pain relieving and protective effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy in a rat model of compressive mononeuropathy induced by Chronic Constriction Injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI). Laser (MLS-MiS) applications started 7 days after surgery and were performed ten times over a three week period showing a reduction in mechanical hypersensitivity and spontaneous pain that started from the first laser treatment until the end of the experiment. The ex vivo analysis highlighted the protective role of laser through the myelin sheath recovery in the sciatic nerve, inhibition of iNOS expression and enhancement of EAAT-2 levels in the spinal cord. In conclusion, this study supports laser treatment as a future therapeutic strategy in patients suffering from neuropathic pain induced by trauma.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole genome sequencing provides insights into the Manila strain and drug-resistance mutations in the Philippines
Authors: Phelan Jody E. , Lim Dodge R. , Mitarai Satoshi , de Sessions Paola Florez , Tujan Ma. Angelica A. , Reyes Lorenzo T. , Medado Inez Andrea P. , Palparan Alma G. , Naim Ahmad Nazri Mohamed , Jie Song , Segubre-Mercado Edelwisa , Simoes Beatriz , Campino Susana , Hafalla Julius C. , Murase Yoshiro , Morishige Yuta , Hibberd Martin L. , Kato Seiya , Ama Ma. Cecilia G. , Clark Taane G.
Published: June 2019

The Philippines has a high incidence of tuberculosis disease (TB), with an increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains making its control difficult. Although the M. tuberculosis “Manila” ancient lineage 1 strain-type is thought to be prevalent in the country, with evidence of export to others, little is known about the genetic diversity of circulating strains. By whole genome sequencing (WGS) 178 isolates from the Philippines National Drug Resistance Survey, we found the majority (143/178; 80.3%) belonged to the lineage 1 Manila clade, with the minority belonging to lineages 4 (European-American; n = 33) and 2 (East Asian; n = 2). A high proportion were found to be multidrug-resistant (34/178; 19.1%), established through highly concordant laboratory drug susceptibility testing and in silico prediction methods. Some MDR-TB isolates had near identical genomic variation, providing potential evidence of transmission. By placing the Philippine isolates within a phylogeny of global M. tuberculosis (n > 17,000), we established that they are genetically similar to those observed outside the country, including a clade of Manila-like strain-types in Thailand. An analysis of the phylogeny revealed a set of ~200 SNPs that are specific for the Manila strain-type, and a subset can be used within a molecular barcode. Sixty-eight mutations known to be associated with 10 anti-TB drug resistance were identified in the Philippine strains, and all have been observed in other populations. Whilst nine putative streptomycin resistance conferring markers in gid (8) and rrs (1) genes appear to be novel and with functional consequences. Overall, this study provides an important baseline characterisation of M. tuberculosis genetic diversity for the Philippines, and will fill a gap in global datasets and aid the development of a nation-wide database for epidemiological studies and clinical decision making. Further, by establishing a molecular barcode for detecting Manila strains it will assist with the design of diagnostic tools for disease control activities.
Cohesive and anisotropic vascular endothelial cell motility driving angiogenic morphogenesis
Authors: Takubo Naoko , Yura Fumitaka , Naemura Kazuaki , Yoshida Ryo , Tokunaga Terumasa , Tokihiro Tetsuji , Kurihara Hiroki
Published: June 2019

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) in angiogenesis exhibit inhomogeneous collective migration called “cell mixing”, in which cells change their relative positions by overtaking each other. However, how such complex EC dynamics lead to the formation of highly ordered branching structures remains largely unknown. To uncover hidden laws of integration driving angiogenic morphogenesis, we analyzed EC behaviors in an in vitro angiogenic sprouting assay using mouse aortic explants in combination with mathematical modeling. Time-lapse imaging of sprouts extended from EC sheets around tissue explants showed directional cohesive EC movements with frequent U-turns, which often coupled with tip cell overtaking. Imaging of isolated branches deprived of basal cell sheets revealed a requirement of a constant supply of immigrating cells for ECs to branch forward. Anisotropic attractive forces between neighboring cells passing each other were likely to underlie these EC motility patterns, as evidenced by an experimentally validated mathematical model. These results suggest that cohesive movements with anisotropic cell-to-cell interactions characterize the EC motility, which may drive branch elongation depending on a constant cell supply. The present findings provide novel insights into a cell motility-based understanding of angiogenic morphogenesis.
Socio-economic predictors of environmental performance among African nations
Authors: Bradshaw Corey J. A. , Di Minin Enrico
Published: June 2019

Socio-economic changes in Africa have increased pressure on the continent’s ecosystems. Most research investigating environmental change has focused on the changing status of specific species or communities and protected areas, but has largely neglected the broad-scale socio-economic conditions underlying environmental degradation. We tested national-scale hypotheses regarding the socio-economic predictors of ecosystem change and degradation across Africa, hypothesizing that human density and economic development increase the likelihood of cumulative environmental damage. Our combined environmental performance rank includes national ecological footprint, proportional species threat, recent deforestation, freshwater removal, livestock density, cropland coverage, and per capita emissions. Countries like Central African Republic, Botswana, Namibia, and Congo have the best relative environmental performance overall. Structural equation models indicate that increasing population density and overall economic activity (per capita gross domestic product corrected for purchasing-power parity) are the most strongly correlated with greater environmental degradation, while greater wealth inequality (Gini index) correlates with better environmental performance. This represents the first Africa-scale assessment of the socio-economic correlates of environmental degradation, and suggests that dedicated family planning to reduce population growth, and economic development that limits agricultural expansion (cf. intensification) are needed to support environmental sustainability.
Cu-Catalyzed highly selective reductive functionalization of 1,3-diene using H2O as a stoichiometric hydrogen atom donor
Authors: Li Qifan , Jiao Xiaoyang , Xing Mimi , Zhang Penglin , Zhao Qian , Zhang Chun
Published: June 2019

A novel high regio- and diastereo-selectivity reductive functionalization of 1,3-diene has been developed using H2O as a stoichiometric hydrogen atom donor.
Facile construction of boranil complexes with aggregation-induced emission characteristics and their specific lipid droplet imaging applications
Authors: Zhao Na , Ma Chengcheng , Yang Weiyao , Yin Wei , Wei Jiahui , Li Nan
Published: June 2019

A series of boranil complexes with aggregation-induced emission effects were facilely constructed, which can be utilized to image lipid droplets in living cells and yolk lipids in zebrafish.
An earth-abundant system for light-driven CO2 reduction to CO using a pyridinophane iron catalyst
Authors: Sakaguchi Yuto , Call Arnau , Cibian Mihaela , Yamauchi Kosei , Sakai Ken
Published: June 2019

A visible-light-driven earth-abundant photocatalytic system for CO2 reduction using an iron catalyst and a copper photosensitizer produces CO as a main product (TONCO = 565) with a high selectivity over H2 production (SelCO2 = 84%).
Enantiodiscrimination by matrix-assisted DOSY NMR
Authors: Salome Kahlil Schwanka , Tormena Cláudio Francisco
Published: June 2019

This article describes the enantiodiscrimination of analytes using low price CSAs and Matrix-Assisted 1H and 19F-{1H}-DOSY NMR.
Tuning the solubility of ionophores: glutathione-mediated transport of chloride ions across hydrophobic membranes
Authors: Akhtar Nasim , Pradhan Nirmalya , Saha Abhishek , Kumar Vishnu , Biswas Oindrila , Dey Subhasis , Shah Manisha , Kumar Sachin , Manna Debasis
Published: June 2019

Glutathione-mediated transformation of a water-soluble proanionophore to an active anionophore allows controlled transport of Cl− ion across hydrophobic lipid bilayers.
Mild dealumination of template-stabilized zeolites by NH4F
Authors: Bolshakov Aleksei , Kosinov Nikolay , Romero Hidalgo Douglas E. , Mezari Brahim , van Hoof Arno J. F. , Hensen Emiel J. M.
Published: June 2019

A novel method to remove aluminium from the framework of as-synthesized zeolite crystals is presented.
Directing energy transfer in Pt(bodipy)(mercaptopyrene) dyads
Authors: Irmler Peter , Gogesch Franciska S. , Mang André , Bodensteiner Michael , Larsen Christopher B. , Wenger Oliver S. , Winter Rainer F.
Published: June 2019

Pt(σ-bodipy)(mercaptopyrene) dyads offer separate emissions from the bodipy and the mercaptopyrene ππ* states and a pyrene-to-bodipy charge-transfer state. The energy ordering of these states can be manipulated by bodipy alkylation.
Ultrafast photoinduced energy and charge transfer: concluding remarks
Authors: Kohler Bern
Published: June 2019

This article summarizes the papers presented and discussed at the 2019 Faraday discussion meeting on Ultrafast Photoinduced Charge and Energy Transfer. It also reflects on the remarkable progress in time-resolved studies since a related and pioneering discussion meeting that took place in 1959.
Electrochemically enabled chemoselective sulfonylation and hydrazination of indoles
Authors: Zhang Yu-Zhen , Mo Zu-Yu , Wang Heng-Shan , Wen Xiao-An , Tang Hai-Tao , Pan Ying-Ming
Published: June 2019

We have developed electrochemically enabled chemoselective sulfonylation and hydrazination of C2,C3-unsubstituted indoles with arylsulfonyl hydrazide.
AuPd-nNiO as an effective catalyst for the base-free oxidation of HMF under mild reaction conditions
Authors: Bonincontro Danilo , Lolli Alice , Villa Alberto , Prati Laura , Dimitratos Nikolaos , Veith Gabriel M. , Chinchilla Lidia E. , Botton Gianlugi A. , Cavani Fabrizio , Albonetti Stefania
Published: June 2019

AuPd nanoparticles supported on NiO exhibit high activity and stability in the base free oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA).
Accurate computations to simulate the phosphorescence spectra of large transition complexes: simulated colors match experiment
Authors: Stoliaroff Adrien , Rio Jérémy , Latouche Camille
Published: June 2019

Herein, an ab initio investigation on the luminescence properties of three iridium(iii) complexes is reported.
The magnetization reversal mechanism in electrospun tubular nickel ferrite: a chain-of-rings model for symmetric fanning
Authors: Zhang Junli , Zhu Shimeng , Ming Jun , Qiao Liang , Li Fashen , Karim Abdul , Peng Yong , Fu Jiecai
Published: June 2019

The magnetization reversal mechanism of a tubular nickel ferrite and its relationship with morphologies were investigated by using the “chain-of-rings” model.
Construction of nano-scale cellular environments by coating a multilayer nanofilm on the surface of human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Han Uiyoung , Kim Yu Jin , Kim Wijin , Park Ju Hyun , Hong Jinkee
Published: June 2019

We established a method to fabricate a functional cellular nano-environment of induced pluripotent stem cells by a multi-layered nanofilm coating on the cell membrane.
Simultaneous enzyme mimicking and chemical reduction mechanisms for nanoceria as a bio-antioxidant: a catalytic model bridging computations and experiments for nanozymes
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Shen Xiaomei , Gao Xingfa , Zhao Yuliang
Published: June 2019

The newly created surface defect states in the electronic band structures of the shortly-lived intermediate species, called transient surface defect states, bridge between computations and experiments at the atomistic level for nanozymes.
On-surface condensation of low-dimensional benzotriazole–copper assemblies
Authors: Grillo Federico , Batchelor David , Larrea Christian R. , Francis Stephen M. , Lacovig Paolo , Richardson Neville V.
Published: June 2019

On a Cu-doped Au(111) surface, benzotriazole chemisorbs on copper-rich areas and physisorbs on unmodified Au(111).
Synthesis and evaluation of photo-activatable β-diarylsydnone-l-alanines for fluorogenic photo-click cyclization of peptides
Authors: Yao Zhuojun , Wu Xueting , Zhang Xiaocui , Xiong Qin , Jiang Shichao , Yu Zhipeng
Published: June 2019

β-Diarylsydnone-l-alanines were designed and introduced into peptides allowing photo-cyclization only in phosphate containing buffer with concomitant fluorescence generation in live cells.
Cu(i) catalysed annulation of isothiocyanates/isocyanates with 2-iodo-sulfonamides: synthesis of benzodithiazines, benzothiadiazinones, benzothiazinylidene-anilines and benzothiazolylidene-anilines
Authors: Sandeep K. , Siva Reddy Alla , Kumara Swamy K. C.
Published: June 2019

Cu(i)-catalysed reaction of 2-iodobenzene sulfonamides with aryl isothiocyanates leads to benzodithiazines but the corresponding reaction with aryl isocyanates affords benzothiadiazinones.
Facile synthesis of exfoliated vermiculite nanosheets as a thermal stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride resin
Authors: Tian Weiliang , Li Zhong , Zhang Kewei , Ge Zhenhong
Published: June 2019

Well-defined vermiculite nanosheets are exfoliated by a facile water-assisted anion-exchange approach. As its negatively charged laminates can stabilize hydrogen chloride, the VMT nanosheets show excellent thermal stability for PVC resin.
Immobilization of Lewis acidic ionic liquid on perlite nanoparticle surfaces as a highly efficient solid acid catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of xanthene derivatives
Authors: Moradi L. , Mirzaei M.
Published: June 2019

Perlite nanoparticles were prepared, modified with Lewis acidic ionic liquid, and used as a highly efficient catalyst for the eco-friendly, solvent free and high yield synthesis of xanthenesviaa multicomponent reaction.
Quick construction of a C–N bond from arylsulfonyl hydrazides and Csp2–X compounds promoted by DMAP at room temperature
Authors: Yang Kai , Gao Juan-Juan , Luo Shi-He , Wu Han-Qing , Pang Chu-Ming , Wang Bo-Wen , Chen Xiao-Yun , Wang Zhao-Yang
Published: June 2019

A mild C–N coupling reaction with arylsulfonyl hydrazides and 2(5H)-furanones shows good yields, excellent reaction regioselectivity and functional group tolerance.
Structure and photocatalytic performance of rice husk-like Ba-doped GaOOH under light irradiation
Authors: Huang Panqi , Luan Jingfei
Published: June 2019

The effects of Ba-doping on the structure and photocatalytic performance of GaOOH were investigated for the first time. Compared with pure GaOOH, when GaOOH with different Ba content was used, the removal rate of enrofloxacin was increased by more than 20% in 60 min.
Enhanced upconversion luminescence of GdVO4:Er3+/Yb3+ prepared by spray pyrolysis using organic additives
Authors: Min Byeong Ho , Jung Kyeong Youl
Published: June 2019

GdVO4:Er/Yb fine particles with good upconversion luminescence was prepared by spray pyrolysis using organic additives.
Towards high energy density lithium battery anodes: silicon and lithium
Authors: Zhu Bin , Wang Xinyu , Yao Pengcheng , Li Jinlei , Zhu Jia
Published: June 2019

This review summarizes the important progress of Si and Li anodes and discusses the remaining essential issues towards their applications.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the electrical conductive network formation of polymer nanocomposites by utilizing diblock copolymer-mediated nanoparticles
Authors: Gao Yangyang , Duan Xiaohui , Jiang Peng , Zhang Huan , Liu Jun , Wen Shipeng , Zhao Xiuying , Zhang Liqun
Published: June 2019

It is a simple method to utilize diblock copolymer-mediated nanoparticles to control the conductive network formation, which can help to design the nanocomposites with the high electrical conductivity, especially the anisotropy.
Deep insight into ionic transport in polyampholyte gel electrolytes towards high performance solid supercapacitors
Authors: Li Dong , Xu Zhen , Ji Xingxiang , Liu Libin , Gai Guangjie , Yang Jianbo , Wang Jijun
Published: June 2019

A novel polyampholyte gel electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and high mechanical strength was developed and was suitable for supercapacitors.
High-rate capability and long-term cycling of self-assembled hierarchical Fe3O4/carbon hollow spheres through interfacial control
Authors: Huang Jing , Cheng Songpu , Chen Yuxi , Chen Zhanglong , Luo Hao , Xia Xiaohong , Liu Hongbo
Published: June 2019

Nowadays it remains a big challenge to achieve high-rate capability and long-term cycling of metal oxide anodes for secondary batteries, due to large volumetric variation-induced unstable electrolyte–metal oxide interfaces.
From fullerene acceptors to non-fullerene acceptors: prospects and challenges in the stability of organic solar cells
Authors: Speller Emily M. , Clarke Andrew J. , Luke Joel , Lee Harrison Ka Hin , Durrant James R. , Li Ning , Wang Tao , Wong Him Cheng , Kim Ji-Seon , Tsoi Wing Chung , Li Zhe
Published: June 2019

This review highlights the opportunities and challenges in stability of organic solar cells arising from the emergence of non-fullerene acceptors.
A size-tunable and multi-responsive nanoplatform for deep tumor penetration and targeted combinatorial radio-/chemotherapy
Authors: Dahmani Fatima Zohra , Zhong Danni , Qi Yuchen , Dahmani Aboubaker El G. , Xie Tingting , Zhou Bo , Li Wanli , Yao Ke , Li Lei , Zhou Min
Published: June 2019

We report a versatile nanoplatform with size tunability, pH-responsiveness, active targeting and radio-/chemotherapeutic features as an efficient tool for tumor therapy.
Superflares on AB Doradus observed with TESS
Authors: Schmitt J. H. M. M. , Ioannidis P. , Robrade J. , Czesla S. , Schneider P. C.
Published: June 2019

We present short-cadence data of the ultra-active star AB Dor measured by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). In the TESS light curves of AB Dor, we found numerous flare events in addition to time-variable rotational modulation with an amplitude of up to 7%. We identified eight superflares (releasing more than 1034 erg) and studied their morphologies and energetics. We compared these flares to both the most energetic solar flare seen in total solar irradiance measurements as well as to a very energetic flare on AB Dor observed by XMM-Newton, the superflare nature of which we also demonstrate. The total energy of both the solar flare and the event on AB Dor emitted in the optical exceed their respective X-ray outputs possibly by an order of magnitude, suggesting that the dominant energy loss of such flares actually occurs at optical wavelengths. Superflares are found to take place on AB Dor at a rate of about one per week, and due to the star’s proximity and brightness can be studied in excruciating detail. Thus the TESS data offer a superb possibility to study the frequency and energetics of superflare events for stars in the solar neighborhood and at large.
Substructures in the Keplerian disc around the O-type (proto-)star G17.64+0.16
Authors: Maud L. T. , Cesaroni R. , Kumar M. S. N. , Rivilla V. M. , Ginsburg A. , Klaassen P. D. , Harsono D. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Ahmadi A. , Allen V. , Beltrán M. T. , Beuther H. , Galván-Madrid R. , Goddi C. , Hoare M. G. , Hogerheijde M. R. , Johnston K. G. , Kuiper R. , Moscadelli L. , Peters T. , Testi L. , van der Tak F. F. S. , de Wit W. J.
Published: June 2019

We present the highest angular resolution (∼20 × 15 mas–44 × 33 au) Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) observations that are currently possible of the proto-O-star G17.64+0.16 in Band 6. The Cycle 5 observations with baselines out to 16 km probe scales < 50 au and reveal the rotating disc around G17.64+0.16, a massive forming O-type star. The disc has a ring-like enhancement in the dust emission that is especially visible as arc structures to the north and south. The Keplerian kinematics are most prominently seen in the vibrationally excited water line, H2O 55, 0−64, 3 ν2 = 1 (Eu = 3461.9 K). The mass of the central source found by modelling the Keplerian rotation is consistent with 45 ± 10 M⊙. The H30α(231.9 GHz) radio-recombination line and the SiO (5-4) molecular line were detected at up to the ∼10σlevel. The estimated disc mass is 0.6 − 2.6 M⊙under the optically thin assumption. Analysis of the Toomre Q parameter in the optically thin regime indicates that the disc stability is highly dependent on temperature. The disc currently appears stable for temperatures > 150 K; this does not preclude that the substructures formed earlier through disc fragmentation.
Introduction à la spectroscopie Raman classique et à la diffusion Raman exaltée de surface
Authors: Felidj Nordin
Published: June 2019

Parmi les méthodes analytiques instrumentales, les techniques de spectroscopie vibrationnelle se sont imposées depuis longtemps. Elles permettent d’identifier la composition chimique de substances et de les quantifier. Parmi ces techniques, la spectroscopie Raman exploite un effet qui tient son nom d’un physicien Indien, Sir Raman, qui, le premier en 1928, mit en évidence ce phénomène (il obtint le prix Nobel pour cela en 1930).
Cost-effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP compared with device-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted ERCP in patients with Roux-en-Y anatomy
Authors: James Hailey J. , James Theodore W. , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Spencer Jennifer C. , Baron Todd H.
Published: June 2019

Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is the second most common weight loss surgery in the United States. Treatment of pancreaticobiliary disease in this patient population is challenging due to the altered anatomy, which limits the use of standard instruments and techniques. Both nonoperative and operative modalities are available to overcome these limitations, including device-assisted (DAE) endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), laparoscopic-assisted (LA) ERCP, and endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE). The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of ERCP-based modalities for treatment of pancreaticobiliary diseases in post-RYGB patients.

Methods A decision tree model with a 1-year time horizon was used to analyze the cost-effectiveness of EDGE, DAE-ERCP, and LA-ERCP in post-RYGB patients. Monte Carlo simulation was used to assess a plausible range of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, net monetary benefit calculations, and a cost-effectiveness acceptability curve. One-way sensitivity analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were also performed to assess how changes in key parameters affected model conclusions.

Results EDGE resulted in the lowest total costs and highest total quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) for a total of $5188/QALY, making it the dominant alternative compared with DAE-ERCP and LA-ERCP. In probabilistic analyses, EDGE was the most cost-effective modality compared with LA-ERCP and DAE-ERCP in 94.4 % and 97.1 % of simulations, respectively.

Conclusion EDGE was the most cost-effective modality in post-RYGB anatomy for treatment of pancreaticobiliary diseases compared with DAE-ERCP and LA-ERCP. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that this conclusion was robust to changes in important model parameters.
A Concise Total Synthesis of (±)-Camptothecin
Authors: Liu Qian , Huang Guan-xin , Liu Min-jie , Chen Fen-Er
Published: June 2019

A total synthesis of racemic camptothecin, characterized by a concise construction of the ring systems and easy functional group transformation, is described. A domino reaction consisting of a Heck reaction and an aza-intramolecular Michael addition to form the C ring serves as the first key step in the synthesis. The D ring was constructed by a simple Wittig–Horner reaction followed by removal of the protective groups. Hydroxymethylation, demethylation, and lactone formation reactions were performed in one-pot to construct the E ring under hydrobromic acid conditions. This work provides an efficient scheme for further synthetic exploration of camptothecin and its analogues.
Preparation of Imidazole Derivatives via Bisfunctionalization of Alkynes Catalyzed by Ruthenium Carbonyl
Authors: Ruan Yi-tong , Chen Yue-peng , Gu Ling-hui , Luo Yang , Yang Ze , He Ling
Published: June 2019

A one-step, oxidative bisfunctionalization of alkynes to generate cis-enediol diacetates catalyzed by ruthenium carbonyl (triruthenium dodecacarbonyl) is presented. The reaction was performed using the alkyne, (diacetoxyiodo)benzene, Ru3(CO)12 as the catalyst, and toluene as the solvent at 100 °C to give the cis-enediol diacetates in up to 82% yields. This method overcomes the shortcomings of existing methods, such as tedious reaction steps, substrate limitations, and the use of toxic reagents. Furthermore, the reaction of module cis-enediol diacetates with ammonium carbonate [(NH4)2CO3] in an alcohol solvent gave imidazole derivatives in 37–84% yields, thus providing a simple and mild new method for the synthesis of imidazole compounds.
Pedagogical Evaluation of Digital Technology to Enhance Dental Student Learning
Authors: Inquimbert Camille , Tramini Paul , Romieu Olivier , Giraudeau Nicolas
Published: June 2019

Objective A large number of digital tools supporting students have emerged over recent years which are encouraged in tutoring. A study conducted at the University of Montpellier (France) among 3rd, 4th, and 5th year dentistry students aimed primarily to identify the type of pedagogical support the students preferred according to their discipline. The secondary aim was to evaluate the student satisfaction after establishing a new pedagogical support.

Materials and Methods A total of 165 questionnaires were completed. The main questions concerned pedagogical use of information technology and multimedia tools, choice of dentistry disciplines most justifying their use, and pedagogical gaps in these disciplines. Next, a program of pedagogical videos was developed for the most corresponding discipline. A satisfaction survey was finally conducted.

Results Nearly 95.7% of students found online classes and E-learning via the virtual learning environment useful, with the most requested type being video. Demand was stronger in conservative dentistry and endodontics (27%), prosthetics (19%), and periodontology (18%). The most apprehended disciplines were endodontics in the 3rd year, endodontics and prosthetics in the 4th year, and prosthetics in the 5th year. Regarding satisfaction, 100% of students appreciated these videos and 99.4% considered they fulfilled expectations.

Conclusion All students requested videos, especially for clinical subjects such as endodontics. With digital technology, our world is experiencing a technological revolution resulting in many daily life changes. With students evolving in a digitally saturated society, our ways of learning and teaching need rethinking. Digital technology can help improve learning effectiveness and develop pedagogical practices more adapted to today's students.
Direct interaction approximation for non-Markovianized stochastic models in the turbulence problem
Authors: Shivamoggi B. K. , Tuovila N.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper is to consider the application of the direct interaction approximation (DIA) [R. H. Kraichnan, J. Math. Phys. 2, 124 (1961); Phys. Fluids 8, 575 (1965)] to the non-Markovianized stochastic models in the turbulence problem. For illustration, a linear damped stochastic oscillator described by a stochastic equation is considered. This process is shown to lead to a functional equation, and construction of solutions of this equation is addressed within the framework of a continued fraction representation. The relation of the DIA solution to the perturbative solution is discussed in the Laplace transform framework, and qualitative differences between the time evolutions of the two solutions are pointed out. The perturbative solution is shown to exhibit an oscillatory behavior indefinitely, in contradiction to the fact that the linear stochastic oscillator in question is damped. The DIA solution, on the contrary, is shown to exhibit a decaying behavior in accord with the latter property. The DIA procedure is applied to the problem of wave propagation in a random medium, which is described by a stochastic differential equation, with the characteristics of the medium represented by stochastic coefficients. The results are compared with those given by the perturbative procedure.
Anderson localization for one-frequency quasi-periodic block operators with long-range interactions
Authors: Jian Wenwen , Shi Yunfeng , Yuan Xiaoping
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we establish the nonperturbative Anderson localization for a class of one-frequency quasiperiodic block operators with long-range interactions.
Synaptic-like conductivity and plasticity in epitaxially strained SrTiO3 films
Authors: Dai Y. , Schubert J. , Trellenkamp S. , Mussler G. , Wördenweber R.
Published: June 2019

In this work, we use epitaxial strain and an asymmetric electrode design to engineer the conductivity of SrTiO3 thin films in order to use them as active components in planar artificial synaptic devices. First, the tensile strain imposed by the rare-earth scandate substrate on epitaxial grown SrTiO3 films results in a significant increase of the conductivity of the SrTiO3. Second, a further enhancement of the conductivity is obtained by the use of Ti/Pt electrodes. Finally, the asymmetric electrode design consisting of a flat and a tapered electrode ensures the asymmetric response and plasticity of electronic synapse. The modifications of the conductivity are explained in terms of changes in the density and mobility of oxygen vacancies. The resulting electronic synapses (e-synapse) show memristor behavior and the plasticity of the signal, which are both essential characteristics of a synapse. Similar to the synaptic long-term and short-term potentiation/depression, our SrTiO3 e-synapses show two different types of plasticity, a fast process associated with the ionic dipole formation (relaxation time in the 100 ps regime) and a slow process defined by the mobility of oxygen vacancies (relaxation time of several seconds).
Sampling-based box-covering algorithm for renormalization of networks
Authors: Wei Zong-Wen , Wang Bing-Hong , Wu Xing-Tong , He Yu , Liao Hao , Zhou Ming-Yang
Published: June 2019

Covering a network with minimum number of boxes is critical for using the renormalization technique to explore the network configuration space in a multiscale fashion. Here, we propose a versatile methodology composed of flexible representation and sampling of boxes, which have so far received scant attention, and the strategy of selecting boxes to cover the network. It is exemplified via random box sampling strategies and greedy methods to select boxes. We show that the key to substantially reduce the number of boxes is to give the selection priority to those boxes containing nodes that are not included in boxes bigger than themselves. Our algorithm achieves the improvement of diminishing the number of boxes amounting to nearly 25% compared with these well known algorithms.
Correlation between the wafer curvature and fluorescence of pulsed laser deposited ruby thin films stressed to ∼2 GPa
Authors: Straley Eric M. , Dorfman Susannah M. , Nicholas Jason D.
Published: June 2019

Here, the room temperature piezospectroscopic response of highly-fluorescent, ∼330 nm-thick pulsed laser deposited crystalline ruby (0.05 wt. % Cr3+ doped α-Al2O3) thin films on either (001)-oriented sapphire or (001)-oriented yttria-stabilized zirconia wafers was investigated and calibrated against biaxial film stress measurements obtained from a multibeam optical stress sensor or profilometry-determined wafer curvature measurements. The piezospectroscopic frequency shift from 0 to 1.9 GPa of compressive biaxial stress for the phase-pure (001)-oriented ruby films produced here had the same piezospectroscopic Π11 and Π22 tensor coefficient values as bulk ruby over its previously calibrated 0–0.9 GPa range. This extended calibration may be useful when using ruby to measure the amount of biaxial stress in a variety of multilayer devices and coatings.
Structural analysis and resistivity measurements of InAs and GaSb fins on 300 mm Si for vertical (T)FET
Authors: Mols Y. , Bogdanowicz J. , Favia P. , Lagrain P. , Guo W. , Bender H. , Kunert B.
Published: June 2019

We report on the uniform selective area growth of InAs and GaSb by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy on a patterned shallow trench isolation SiO2/Si 300 mm template. High-quality InAs fins are realized via direct InAs nucleation on Si in the trenches. 60° interfacial misfit dislocation arrays formed along the {111} oriented InAs/Si interfaces accommodate most of the lattice mismatch such that threading dislocation generation from residual strain is minimized. GaSb grown on a thick GaAs buffer (partial filling of the trench) suffers from twin formation. The twin density is found to decrease with increasing growth temperature. To maximize the volume of low-defect density material inside the trench, the GaSb growth is initiated as close as possible to the trench bottom. Therefore, uniform high-quality GaSb fins are grown on a very thin low-temperature GaAs and the newly developed InAs seed in the V-groove. High-resolution x-ray diffraction reciprocal space maps show that the InAs and GaSb fins are nearly completely relaxed. The resistivity of undoped and n-doped InAs and undoped and p-doped GaSb fins is measured on as-grown material by micro-4-point-probe without the need for additional complicated device processing. The values are compared to those required for devices as presented in modeling papers. The result is encouraging for the ultra-large-scale integration of vertical nanowire III-V (tunnel) field-effect transistor on 300 mm Si.
Liouville theorems for Kirchhoff equations in RN
Authors: Huynh Nhat Vy , Le Phuong , Nguyen Dinh Phu
Published: June 2019

This paper is devoted to the nonexistence of nontrivial weak solutions for the Kirchhoff equation −a+b∫RN|∇u|2 dxΔu=|x|qf(u) in RN. We prove that the equation has no weak solution if a ≥ 0, b > 0, q ≤ −2, and f is a positive, convex, nondecreasing function. If only b ≠ 0 and f is a non-negative function, we establish the nonexistence of weak solutions u satisfying lim infR→+∞R1−N2∫BR|x|qf(u) dx>0. This implies that the equation has no weak solution when N ≤ 2 and f is a positive function. We also show that the equation has no stable weak solution in dimension N<4q+143 if f(u) = eu, a ≥ 0, and b > 0.
REVO: Resampling of ensembles by variation optimization
Authors: Donyapour Nazanin , Roussey Nicole M. , Dickson Alex
Published: June 2019

Conventional molecular dynamics simulations are incapable of sampling many important interactions in biomolecular systems due to their high dimensionality and rough energy landscapes. To observe rare events and calculate transition rates in these systems, enhanced sampling is a necessity. In particular, the study of ligand-protein interactions necessitates a diverse ensemble of protein conformations and transition states, and for many systems, this occurs on prohibitively long time scales. Previous strategies such as WExplore that can be used to determine these types of ensembles are hindered by problems related to the regioning of conformational space. Here, we propose a novel, regionless, enhanced sampling method that is based on the weighted ensemble framework. In this method, a value referred to as “trajectory variation” is optimized after each cycle through cloning and merging operations. This method allows for a more consistent measurement of observables and broader sampling resulting in the efficient exploration of previously unexplored conformations. We demonstrate the performance of this algorithm with the N-dimensional random walk and the unbinding of the trypsin-benzamidine system. The system is analyzed using conformation space networks, the residence time of benzamidine is confirmed, and a new unbinding pathway for the trypsin-benzamidine system is found. We expect that resampling of ensembles by variation optimization will be a useful general tool to broadly explore free energy landscapes.
In situ x-ray diffraction study of polyamorphism in H2O under isothermal compression and decompression
Authors: Shen Guoyin , Smith Jesse S. , Kenney-Benson Curtis , Ferry Richard A.
Published: June 2019

Amorphous-amorphous transformations in H2O have been studied under rapid isothermal compression and decompression in a diamond anvil cell together with in situ x-ray diffraction measurements using brilliant synchrotron radiation. The experimental pathways provide a density-driven approach for studying polyamorphic relations among low-, high-, and very high-density amorphs (LDA, HDA, VHDA) in a pressure range of 0–3.5 GPa at temperatures of 145–160 K. Our approach using rapid (de)compression allows for studying the polyamorphic transformations at higher temperatures than the conditions previously studied under slow (de)compression or isobaric annealing. Multiple compression-decompression cycles can be integrated with in situ x-ray measurements, thus facilitating the study of repeatability and reversibility of the polyamorphic transformations. Fast in situ x-ray diffraction measurements allow for obtaining detailed insight into the structural changes across polyamorphic transformations regarding the (dis)continuity, reversibility, and possible intermediate forms. As demonstrated at isothermal conditions of 145 K and 155 K, the polyamorphic transformations are characterized by a sharp and reversible LDA-VHDA transformation, with an HDA-like form (referred to as HDA′) appearing as an intermediate state. The LDA-VHDA transformation is found to occur in two steps: a discontinuous transition between LDA and HDA′ and a continuous change within HDA′ involving structural reconfigurations and finally converging to VHDA.
Molecular spintronics
Authors: Gobbi Marco , Novak Miguel A. , Del Barco Enrique
Published: June 2019

Molecules emerged as intriguing materials for spintronics due to their weak spin scattering mechanisms and long spin lifetime, which permit them to retain the spin information over relatively long times. Due to this peculiarity, thin molecular films were initially used as passive spin-transporting media in hybrid spin-valve architectures. Over time, molecules acquired a more active role for spintronics, enabling the generation of hybrid electronic states with peculiar magnetic textures. Moreover, molecular magnets offer the opportunity to manipulate individual spins, representing a two-level system ideal for quantum computing. Evolving at the crossroad between these topics, molecular spintronics has become a broad and interdisciplinary research area in which the paths of conventional spintronics, organic electronics, surface science, and single-molecule devices are converging, offering innovative solutions for next-generation spintronics and quantum technology. For these reasons, the Journal of Applied Physics has assembled a special topic covering different approaches on this exciting subject.
How can healthcare professionals address poor health service utilisation among refugees after resettlement in Australia? A narrative systematic review of recent evidence
Authors: Parajuli Jamuna , Horey Dell
Published: June 2019

This systematic narrative review of qualitative studies examined health service barriers and facilitators in Australia for refugees after resettlement. Twelve qualitative studies published between 2006 and 2017 involving more than 500 participants were included in the review. Approximately half of all participants were healthcare professionals. A meta-synthesis approach was used to compare and combine findings from across studies. Few facilitators were identified. Barriers to accessing health services were commonly attributed to refugees, but several barriers were associated with healthcare professionals and health services. Barriers attributed to healthcare professionals included gaps in knowledge and skills; poor cultural competency; poor communication skills; and time constraints. Understanding such barriers is the first step in developing strategies to overcome them. The skills and knowledge of healthcare professionals are important to facilitating access to healthcare among this vulnerable population.
Modulating troubles affiliating in initial interactions
Authors: Flint Natalie , Haugh Michael , Merrison Andrew John
Published: June 2019

Much of the research on affiliation to date has focused on how peopledo(dis)affiliation. This paper explores the remedial work thatfollowsinstances of disaffiliation between interactants who are getting acquainted. Building on an interactional pragmatics analytical approach informed by methods and research in conversation analysis, findings indicate that extended remedial accounts recurrently follow moments of disaffiliation in initial interactions. These remedial accounts enable participants to reposition a prior disaffiliative stance as (ostensibly) affiliative. It appears in initial interactions, then, that remedial accounts play an important role in modulating troubles in affiliating. We propose that the considerable interactional work undertaken by these participants to modulate such troubles reflects a general preference for agreeability in initial interactions, at least amongst (Australian and British) speakers of English.
The politics of translation in the press
Authors: Lovett Dustin
Published: June 2019

Translations and translation reviews played a major part in furthering the political program of leftwing periodicals in Weimar Germany. However, this remains a relative blind spot in media studies of the period. By exploring the use of translations and their review for political ends in three major Weimar cultural periodicals and undertaking a specific examination of Siegfried Kracauer’s translation reviews, this article illustrates the ways in which both translations and their reviews were employed, directly and indirectly, as instruments of political polemic and ideological mediation.
Synthesis and characterisation of MoS2 quantum dots by liquid nitrogen quenching
Authors: Baby Melbin , Rajeev Kumar K.
Published: June 2019

Among transition metal dichalcogenides family, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanomaterial has a vital role in two-dimensional field due to its intrinsic optical and electronic properties. In this study, we report a new top-down approach for synthesising MoS2 quantum dots (QDs). This strategy consists of liquid nitrogen (LN2) quenching of bulk MoS2 material followed by two processes, probe sonication and ultra-centrifugation. This approach is simple, cost effective and eco-friendly. The structural, optical and morphological properties of obtained MoS2 quantum dots were characterised. Photoluminescence spectra (PL) of the synthesised MoS2 QDs show blue light emission when excited with ultraviolet radiation (365 nm). A significant observation in this study is that, the peak position of photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra is independent of excitation wavelength. In addition, a higher fluorescence quantum yield was obtained for the present MoS2 QDs compared to MoS2 QDs prepared by other methods.
Effect of Al on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn–2Sn–0.5Mn alloy
Authors: Wang Cong , Cui Jie , Luo Tianjiao , Liu Yunteng , Wang Changzheng , Hao Xuehui , Yang Yuansheng
Published: June 2019

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn–2Sn–0.5Mn– xAl ( x = 0, 1, 2, 3) alloy are investigated. The addition of Al leads to the refinement of grain size and the formation of Al6Mn, Mg32(Al,Zn)49 also forms when the amount of Al is higher than 2 wt-%. Because of the addition of Al, the precipitates in the alloy after ageing treatment are refined. The alloy containing 1 wt-% Al shows good mechanical properties in the as-cast state which is attributed to the refined grains and low volume fraction of large second phases, it also shows high strength after ageing treatment resulted mainly from the homogeneously distributed fine precipitates, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation are 183, 310 MPa and 11%, respectively.
Novel approach for fabrication and characterisation of porosity-graded material
Authors: Liu Chao , Liu Yang , Liang Chaoping , Ma Yunzhu , Liu Wensheng , Yang Yuling , Cai Qingshan , Tang Siwei
Published: June 2019

A novel continuously graded material that is based on a porosity-graded structure was successfully synthesised via a cold pressing-vacuum sintering-dissolution process (SDP) of powder metallurgy technology. Microscopic observations and the Archimedes method were used to confirm the newly synthesised porosity-graded material, the mechanical properties and the modulus. The results show that the density continuously increased from 1.4 to 2.7 g cm−3, and there was no obvious interfacial transition layer. In addition, the hardness and elastic modulus were obtained from nanoindentation tests and display a stepwise feature along the gradient direction. Moreover, we found that the fractography changes from typical ductile fracture to ductile and cleavage fracture with an increase in the porosity.

Highlights A porosity graded material has been successfully synthesised by powder metallurgy. The density continuously transit from 1.4 to 2.7 g cm−3, and it has no obvious interfacial transition layer. The stepwise feature of density and modulus shows great potential in the shields of spacecrafts.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Surface engineering and applications of nanodiamonds in cancer treatment and imaging
Authors: Lai H. , Stenzel M. H. , Xiao P.
Published: June 2019

Nanodiamonds (NDs) are emerging as a promising platform for theranostic particles because they unite a spectrum of important properties into a single agent, including facile synthesis, small size, inertness, rich surface functional groups, biocompatibility, stable fluorescence and long fluorescence lifetime. These unique properties have stimulated the application of NDs in cancer treament and imaging. The majority of these applications rely on the rational engineering of the particle surface, as the surface plays a critical role in carrying bioactive molecules, resisting aggregation and constructing composite materials. In this review, recent developments of functionalising NDs for cancer treatment and imaging purposes are discussed. A brief introduction in the structure of NDs and properties of NDs will be given, followed by a summary of various surface functionalisation methods. The latter part is organised in three subsections: NDs coated with bioactive compounds, NDs coated with synthetic polymers and NDs/inorganic composites.