bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Connecting adverse childhood experiences and community health to promote health equity
Authors: Danielson Ramona , Saxena Divya
Published: July 2019

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have negative effects on health outcomes across the lifespan. Furthermore, the effects of ACEs are often compounded by social determinants of health and historical and contemporary trauma that can affect entire communities. The socio‐ecological model is a valuable framework for understanding the complex systems in which efforts to promote health equity are situated. Using a trauma‐informed lens, community health becomes a powerful focal point for viable prevention and treatment options to address ACEs and promote health equity. Self‐healing on a community level involves collective engagement; people most affected by ACEs and trauma come together around activities that have the potential to lift up the entire community and foster individual and community resilience. The use of community health research and evaluation methods that are consistent with trauma‐informed, empowerment approaches can contribute to community healing. This paper is intended to establish a common language for how community healing can address ACEs and foster health equity.
Systematic identification of long noncoding RNAs expressed during light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit
Authors: Yang Tuo , Ma Huaying , Zhang Jie , Wu Ting , Song Tingting , Tian Ji , Yao Yuncong
Published: July 2019

Anthocyanin pigments contribute to the red color of apple (Malus × domestica) fruit and have a major influence on their ornamental, dietary and market value. In this study, we investigated the potential role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in anthocyanin biosynthesis. RNA‐seq analysis of apple peels from the ‘Red Fuji’ cultivar during light‐induced rapid anthocyanin accumulation revealed 5297 putative lncRNAs. Differential expression analysis further showed that lncRNAs were induced during light treatment and were involved in photosynthesis. Using the miRNA−lncRNA−mRNA network and endogenous target mimic (eTM) analysis, we predicted that two differentially expressed lncRNAs, MLNC3.2 and MLNC4.6, were potential eTMs for miRNA156a and promoted the expression of the SPL2‐like and SPL33 transcription factors. Transient expression in apple fruit and stable transformation of apple callus showed that overexpression of the eTMs and SPLs promoted anthocyanin accumulation, with the opposite results in eTM and SPL‐silenced fruit. Silencing or overexpressing of miR156a also affected the expression of the identified eTMs and SPLs. These results indicated that MLNC3.2 and MLNC4.6 function as eTMs for miR156a and prevent cleavage of SPL2‐like and SPL33 by miR156a during light‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our study provides fundamental insights into lncRNA involvement in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in apple fruit.
A Light-Weight Vibrational Motor Powered Recoil Robot That Hops Rapidly Across Granular Media
Authors: Quillen Alice C. , Nelson Randal C. , Askari Hesam , Chotkowski Kathryn , Wright Esteban , Shang Jessica K.
Published: July 2019

A 1-cm coin vibrational motor fixed to the center of a 4-cm square foam platform moves rapidly across granular media at a speed of up to 30 cm/s or about 5 body lengths/s. Fast speeds are achieved with dimensionless acceleration number, similar to a Froude number, up to 50, allowing the light-weight 1.4 g mechanism to remain above the substrate, levitated and propelled by its kicks off the surface. The mechanism is low cost and moves across granular media without any external moving parts. With 2-s exposure, we photograph the trajectory of the mechanism with an LED fixed to the mechanism. Trajectories can exhibit period doubling phenomena similar to a ball bouncing on a vibrating table top. A two-dimensional robophysics model is developed to predict mechanism trajectories. We find that a vertical drag force is required in the model to match the height above the surface reached by the mechanism. We attribute the vertical drag force to suction from air flow below the mechanism base and through the granular substrate. Our numerical model suggests that horizontal speed is maximized when the mechanism is prevented from jumping high off the surface. In this way, the mechanism resembles a galloping or jumping animal whose body remains nearly at the same height above the ground during its gait. Our mechanism and model illustrate that speed and efficiency of light-weight hoppers on granular media can be affected by aerodynamics and substrate permeability.
Kinetostatic Modeling and Optimization of a Novel Horizontal-Displacement Compliant Mechanism
Authors: Kong Kejia , Chen Guimin , Hao Guangbo
Published: July 2019

This paper presents kinetostatic modeling of a compliant mechanism for translational motion. This mechanism arranges all compliant members in an inverted way, which enables the robustness against beam buckling due to the heavy payload. To enable quick design and analysis of the mechanism, a nonlinear analytical model is then derived based on the chained beam constraint model, which is validated by nonlinear finite element simulation. Geometric parameter optimization is further carried out for desired motion characteristics. Finally, a prototype is fabricated and tested to verify the analytical model.
Shell Side Single-Phase Experimental Heat Transfer Analysis of a Vertically Oriented Single Segmental Baffle Bundle With Dimpled Tubes
Authors: Abbas Ahmad , Ismail Tauseef , Ayub Zahid , Ayub Adnan , Cheema Taqi Ahmad , Li Wei , Ye Jun
Published: July 2019

This paper presents single-phase shell side heat transfer performance of a vertically oriented shell and tube bundle. Steady-state single-phase experiments were conducted to determine the shell side Nusselt number with water and water/glycol solution as working fluids for both counter and parallel flow configurations. Experiments were carried out for Reynolds number varying from 3000 to 15,000 with Prandtl number ranging from 10 to 20. Counter flow configuration showed slightly better performance. Nusselt number correlations are presented for both configurations using a modified Wilson plot method. Comparison of results with previous studies and commercial software are presented. Thermal performance for all flow rate conditions showed close comparison to the results from a reputable commercial software. The correlation was further validated by comparing results for 30 different cases to calculations from 2 widely used commercial softwares. Comparison showed that the correlation can be used for the design of single-phase single segmental shell and tube heat exchangers.
Pipeline Coating Failures and Preventions
Authors: Jain Manish , Thakor Piyush
Published: July 2019

The coating and cathodic protection protect pipeline against the corrosion. The failure of these two defense systems leads to corrosion failure of pipelines. Any changes in chemical, physical or electrochemical properties of coating which affect their properties to isolate tFhe pipes from the corrosive atmosphere is considered as failure of coating. The failure mechanism and the gap analysis need to be continuously done for improvements in specifications and its executions. Majority of the global oil and gas pipelines are being protected externally with either 3-Layer Polyolefin coating system or fusion bonded coatings. Some of the gas pipelines are provided with a flow improvement internal coatings considering nil corrosive challenges on internal surfaces. The failures in the external coating appear in the form of edge disbondment from cutbacks and near holidays, complete loss of adhesion of coating, loss of cohesion within coating, cracking in the coating, swelling & blistering around holidays, distortions in the coating, electro osmosis, electrophoresis and highly alkaline atmosphere near holidays, continual increase in CP currents and corrosion of the substrate. The internal surfaces of pipes are suffering corrosion mainly due to presence of corrosive gases viz. carbon dioxide, oxygen, condensates and other corrosive substances even in traces. The common methods like Dehydration, Inhibitors, Buffering, Biocide and Cleaning pigs are not adequate to protect the pipelines to from the corrosion. A very thin internal flow coat can hardly resist any corrosion and gets failed.

This paper presents the in-depth analysis of the major causes of coating failures and the improvements required in the external and internal coating selections, specifications, coating applications, testing and its maintenance.
To Study the Effect of Different Weld Wire Alloying on Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Multi Arc SAW Welded HSLA Longitudinal Line Pipes
Authors: Vavdiya Dhruvkumar , Kathayat T. S. , Joshi S. K. , Goyal Devendra , Desai Hiteshkumar
Published: July 2019

The current scenario of HSLA line pipe welded with critical parameters by Automatic Submerged Arc Welding being widely used in critical services for both onshore & offshore, also challenging to achieve stringent mechanical properties i.e low temperature toughness, hardness, YS/TS ratio, etc. Recent studies proved that the Ti-B wires been widely used to weld line pipes which gives higher fracture toughness values at lower temperature. In this experiment, an attempt has been made to maintain the volume fraction of acicular ferrite by alloying elements in weld metal with variation of low to high heat input range. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the effect of different alloyed wire with respect to critical welding parameters on mechanical & Metallurgical properties. This investigation also includes metallographic changes, role of different alloying elements for improving the microstructure and distribution of inclusions in weld metal, which directly affects the mechanical properties of weld metal. Based on the results, Optimization has been done which is focusing on welding consumables from the existing chemistry to find at what extent the variation of chemistry causes undesired metallurgical changes in the weld metal and also how it influences the mechanical properties of welded line pipe.
Geo-Spatial Information System (GIS) Mapping of Pipeline Network in India Using Modern Route Survey Techniques and Practices
Authors: Singh Ravindra Kumar
Published: July 2019

SECON developed GIS Database and Web based Pipeline Information Management System (PIMS Application) covering all the pipelines and facilities across the country for which work has been awarded to SECON Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore.

This database comprises of different map layers and associated tables pertaining to pipeline alignment, stations and facilities, dwellings and structures along the pipeline alignment, pipeline depth of cover, points of interest along the route etc.
Current Industry Gaps Within CP and Coating Surveys
Authors: Khera Ashish , Sahasrabudhay Arvind , Jain Ajay , Budhwar Tushar
Published: July 2019

As per Indian regulations (OISD-STD-141, OISD-2014-SOP, PNGRB T4S, PNGRB IMS etc.), the mandatory requirement for the operators is to perform Cathodic Protection (CP) and/or Coating Integrity above ground survey every five (5) years.

The individual Indirect Inspection (IDi) technique or techniques used for such surveys are Closed Interval Survey (CIP) On/ Off, Direct Current Voltage Gradient (DCVG), Current Attenuation Testing (CAT) and Alternating Current Voltage Gradient (ACVG). These techniques primarily assist in evaluating the CP performance, coating condition of the pipeline and locations of probable DC/ AC interferences. Usually these surveys are performed separately and integrated by their respective GPS coordinates to get a common chainage.

As per prevailing practice in India, typically the pipeline operators perform a Closed Interval Survey (CIP) On/ Off survey and after reviewing the reports subsequently plan for conducting DCVG, CAT and/or ACVG for certain stretches only, where CIP indications are found. By the time the team is re-mobilized for these surveys the pipeline or environment conditions may be totally different. This may be due to season variability, accuracy of GPS (mapping, if at all conducted during the coating integrity survey), climatic conditions, access to right of way (RoW) due to cultivation / farming cycles, water table variance and eventually fluctuations in the insitu soil resistivity. In addition, interference from other CP sources in the RoW, which may have occurred during interim. All of this can lead to misalignment or incomplete analysis of the integrated consolidated survey data.

In addition, these “indirect inspection” surveys are majorly dependent on the experience and training of the surveyor, resulting in extensive subjectivity on the survey results with very limited traceability of collected data. This is unlike the other integrity tools for assessing integrity of a pipeline, such as In-line Inspection (ILI) as well as hydrostatic testing, wherein it is compulsory to provide the pipeline owner recorded footprint of the raw data collected for authenticity.

For the CP and coating integrity surveys, if these can be performed simultaneously along with workable recorded raw logs for each survey with recorded GPS position of the surveyor, for further analysis, this does lead to eradicating the subjectivity from the IDi surveyor and providing “true” authentic repeatable results. This paper provides case studies wherein results of legacy IDi surveys are compared to the results of performing all surveys together along with recorded raw logs.
Thermal unequilibrium of strained black CsPbI
3
thin films
Authors: Steele Julian A. , Jin Handong , Dovgaliuk Iurii , Berger Robert F. , Braeckevelt Tom , Yuan Haifeng , Martin Cristina , Solano Eduardo , Lejaeghere Kurt , Rogge Sven M. J. , Notebaert Charlotte , Vandezande Wouter , Janssen Kris P. F. , Goderis Bart , Debroye Elke , Wang Ya-Kun , Dong Yitong , Ma Dongxin , Saidaminov Makhsud , Tan Hairen , Lu Zhenghong , Dyadkin Vadim , Chernyshov Dmitry , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Sargent Edward H. , Hofkens Johan , Roeffaers Maarten B. J.
Published: July 2019

Strain-stabilized perovskites

The perovskite materials used for solar cells and light-emitting diodes (which are black in color) are generally less stable at room temperature than the electronically inactive nonperovskite phases (which are yellow in color). Steele
et al.
show that for CsPbI
3
, strain induced in a thin film after annealing the material to 330°C and then rapidly cooling it to room temperature kinetically trapped the black phase. Grazing-incidence wide-angle x-ray scattering revealed the crystal distortions and texture formation created by interfacial strain.

Science
, this issue p.
679
Late Quaternary sea-surface temperatures in the western Coral Sea: Implications for the growth of the Australian Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Lawrence K.T. , Herbert T.D.
Published: July 2019

Recent chronostratigraphic evidence suggests that the central Australian Great Barrier Reef formed within the past 780 k.y. Periplatform sediments of the same age recovered from the western Coral Sea record a progressive decrease in the δ18O of planktonic foraminifera to the present. Several investigators have proposed that this trend represents an appreciable late Pleistocene warming (∼4 °C) of ocean surface temperatures, which they posit catalyzed the growth of the Great Barrier Reef. Contrary to this hypothesis, we demonstrate using alkenone paleothermometry (\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(U_{37}^{k{^\prime}}\) \end{document}) on sediments from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 820 that sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) in the western Coral Sea changed by ∼1.5 °C or less during the past ∼800 k.y. If the central Great Barrier Reef rose in the late Quaternary, it was therefore not due to a warming of SSTs. We explore whether a major moisture balance change and/or diagenetic alteration of calcareous microfossils can explain the higher δ18O values observed at depth in the planktonic δ18O record at ODP Site 820. Our results suggest that diagenesis provides a large isotopic overprint.
Destruction of Atlantis by a great earthquake and tsunami? A geological analysis of the Spartel Bank hypothesis
Authors: Gutscher Marc-André
Published: July 2019

Numerous geographical similarities exist between Plato's descriptions of Atlantis and a paleoisland (Spartel) in the western Straits of Gibraltar. The dialogues recount a catastrophic event that submerged the island ca. 11.6 ka in a single day and night, due to violent earthquakes and floods. This sudden destruction is consistent with a great earthquake (M > 8.5) and tsunami, as in the Gulf of Cadiz region in 1755 when tsunami run-up heights reached 10 m. Great earthquakes (M 8–9) and tsunamis occur in the Gulf of Cadiz with a repeat time of 1.5–2 k.y., according to the sedimentary record. An unusually thick turbidite dated as ca. 12 ka may coincide with the destructive event in Plato's account. The detailed morphology of Spartel paleoisland, as determined from recently acquired high-resolution bathymetric data, is reported here. The viability of human habitation on this paleoisland ca. 11.6 ka is discussed on the basis of a new bathymetric map.
How different are COPD-specific patient reported outcomes, health status, dyspnoea and respiratory symptoms? An observational study in a working population
Authors: Nishimura Koichi , Oga Toru , Nakayasu Kazuhito , Ogasawara Miyoko , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Mitsuma Satoshi
Published: July 2019

Objectives

We hypothesised that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-specific health status measured by the COPD assessment test (CAT), respiratory symptoms by the evaluating respiratory symptoms in COPD (E-RS) and dyspnoea by Dyspnoea-12 (D-12) are independently based on specific conceptual frameworks and are not interchangeable. We aimed to discover whether health status, dyspnoea or respiratory symptoms could be related to smoking status and airflow limitation in a working population.

Design

This is an observational, cross-sectional study.

Participants

1566 healthy industrial workers were analysed.

Results

Relationships between D-12, CAT and E-RS total were statistically significant but weak (Spearman’s correlation coefficient=0.274 to 0.446). In 646 healthy non-smoking subjects, as the reference scores for healthy non-smoking subjects, that is, upper threshold, the bootstrap 95th percentile values were 1.00 for D-12, 9.88 for CAT and 4.44 for E-RS. Of the 1566 workers, 85 (5.4%) were diagnosed with COPD using the fixed ratio of the forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity <0.7, and 34 (2.2%) using the lower limit of normal. The CAT and E-RS total were significantly worse in non-COPD smokers and subjects with COPD than non-COPD never smokers, although the D-12 was not as sensitive. There were no significant differences between non-COPD smokers and subjects with COPD on any of the measures.

Conclusions

Assessment of health status and respiratory symptoms would be preferable to dyspnoea in view of smoking status and airflow limitation in a working population. However, these patient-reported measures were inadequate in differentiating between smokers and subjects with COPD identified by spirometry.
Improving paediatric epilepsy management at the first level of care: a pilot education intervention for clinical officers in Zambia
Authors: Patel Archana A , Wibecan Leah , Tembo Owen , Kalyelye Prisca , Mathews Manoj , Ciccone Ornella
Published: July 2019

Objective

Epilepsy affects approximately 50 million people globally, with approximately 80% living in low/middle-income countries (LMIC), where access to specialist care is limited. In LMIC, primary health workers provide the majority of epilepsy care, despite limited training in this field. Recognising this knowledge gap among these providers is an essential component for closing the epilepsy treatment gap in these regions.

Setting

In Zambia, the vast majority of healthcare is provided by clinical officers (COs), primary health providers with 3 years post-secondary general medical education, who predominantly work in first-level health centres around the country.

Participants

With cooperation from the Ministry of Health, a total of 10 COs from 4 surrounding first-level health centres around the capital city of Lusaka participated, with 9 completing the entire course.

Intervention

COs were trained in a 3-week structured course on paediatric seizures and epilepsy, based on adapted evidence-based guidelines.

Results

Preassessment and postassessment were conducted to assess the intervention. Following the course, there was improved overall knowledge about epilepsy (69% vs 81%, p<0.05), specifically knowledge regarding medication management and recognition of focal seizures (p<0.05), improved seizure history taking and appropriate medication titration (p<0.05). However, knowledge regarding provoked seizures, use of diagnostic studies and general aetiologies of epilepsy remained limited.

Conclusions

This pilot project demonstrated that a focused paediatric epilepsy training programme for COs can improve knowledge and confidence in management, and as such is a promising step for improving the large epilepsy treatment gap in children in Zambia. With feasibility demonstrated, future projects are needed to expand to more rural regions for more diverse and larger sample of primary health provider participants and encompass more case-based training and repetition of key concepts as well as methods to improve and assess long-term knowledge retention.
Republished: Complex encephalopathy arising from the combination of opioids and gabapentin
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Handa Richa , Kak Vivek , Wasilewski Alicja
Published: July 2019

In conjunction with BMJ Case Reports, DTB will feature occasional drug-related cases that are likely to be of interest to readers. These will include cases that involve recently marketed drugs for which there is limited knowledge of adverse effects and cases that highlight unusual reactions to drugs that have been marketed for several years.
Mycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosisseroconversion in dairy cattle and its association with raised somatic cell count
Authors: Barber Benjamin M , Bell Nick , Van Winden Steven
Published: July 2019

This retrospective case–control study investigates the relationship between seroconversion toMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(MAP) and raised somatic cell count (SCC). The study consists of 112 case cows from three dairy farms in the UK; for each case cow with a positive antibody titre, there was a seronegative control cow for comparison. Seroconversion was monitored using milk ELISA antibody titres for MAP taken at quarterly intervals. SCCs were recorded at the time a positive antibody titre was first recorded as well as at the previous and subsequent milk recording in order to explore a temporal relationship between the two events. The previous and subsequent milk recordings were a month before and after seroconversion was identified. The results showed that cows that were infected with MAP had an increased SCC around the time that they first became seropositive, providing evidence for a temporal relationship between the two events; high SCCs were particularly prevalent before and at the time of first detecting seroconversion. The explanation is being discussed that potentially an underlying, currently not studied, factor may be predisposing both events, the progression of paratuberculosis is predisposing the host to mastitis, or indeed intramammary infections help initiate paratuberculosis progression.
Spongiform leucoencephalomyelopathy in border terriers: clinical, electrophysiological and imaging features
Authors: Gutierrez‐Quintana Rodrigo , McLaughlin Mark , Grau Roma Llorenc , Hammond Gawain , Gray Alexander , Lowrie Mark
Published: July 2019

A novel spongiform leucoencephalomyelopathy was reported in border terrier puppies in 2012 causing a shaking puppy phenotype, but no information regarding clinical progression, imaging or electrophysiological findings were available. The aim of the present study was to describe the clinical, electrophysiological and MRI features of this disease in seven dogs and compare them with human white matter disorders. All cases presented with cerebellar ataxia and severe generalised coarse body tremors, which started at three weeks of age. The three cases that were not euthanased showed slow but progressive improvement over several months. Brainstem auditory evoked response demonstrated a normal wave I, reduced amplitude of wave II and an absence of waves III–VII. MRI revealed bilateral and symmetrical T2‐weighted hyperintensities affecting the brainstem and cerebellar white matter. Histological examination of the brain and spinal cord showed spongiform change affecting the white matter of the cerebellum, brainstem and spinal cord with decreased myelin content. In summary, this leucoencephalomyelopathy has a pathognomonic clinical presentation with defining MRI and electrophysiological characteristics, and it is the first report to describe a long‐term improvement of this condition.
Design and synthesis of a novel fluorescent probe, EuIII-dtpa-bis(adenine), and application for the detection of orotic acid in urine
Authors: Yu Zhiyue , Jia Haishuang , Li Na , Liu Wenfang , Wang Jun , Song Youtao
Published: July 2019

For detection of orotic acid (OA), a novel fluorescent probe, EuIII-dtpa-bis(adenine), was designed and synthesized based on the complementation base pairing principle. The dtpa-bis(adenine) ligand was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), and elemental analysis. Then, the effects of solution pH values and some coexisting interfering substances on OA detection using EuIII-dtpa-bis(adenine) as a fluorescent probe were investigated. The linear relationship of F0/F and OA concentration in the range of 10–150 μmol/L was obtained, where F0 and F are the fluorescence intensities of EuIII-dtpa-bis(adenine) at 320 nm in the absence and presence of OA, respectively. The calculated limit of detection is about 0.807 μmol/L. The detection mechanism of OA was proposed. In addition, the detection of OA in urine samples has also been studied. It was found that the designed and synthesized fluorescent probe is effective for the detection of OA in urine samples.
Random invariant manifolds for ill-posed stochastic evolution equations
Authors: Neamţu Alexandra
Published: July 2019

We establish the existence of random stable and unstable manifolds for ill-posed stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs). Namely, we assume that the linear part does not generate a [Formula: see text]-semigroup. Using the theory of integrated semigroups, we are able to analyze the long-time behavior of random dynamical systems generated by such SPDEs.
Interest Groups, Policy Responses to Global Shocks, and the Relative Likelihood of Currency Crashes Versus Banking Crises
Authors: Meyer Jacob M. , Jenkins Nicholas R.
Published: July 2019

Shocks to global interest rates or risk cause capital outflows for countries outside the core of the global financial system. These outflows lead to downward pressure on exchange rates and financial sector stress, in addition to having general contractionary effects. To defend the exchange rate, the appropriate internal response is a fiscal/monetary contraction. To maintain full employment and financial stability, the appropriate internal response is fiscal/monetary expansion. The contradiction in these policy responses implies policymakers prioritize hitting either internal or external targets after these shocks; but how do they decide? Using a fixed effects model and data from 100 emerging market and developing economies from 1990 to 2012, we show that the relative sensitivity of interest groups to these policy responses influences which response occurs. We find some evidence that this effect is stronger in the presence of more political-institutional constraints. Using a strategic probit model, we also find some evidence that this policy response influences the relative likelihood of banking crises versus currency crashes after these global shocks.
The Tumey Giant Injection Complex, Tumey Hill, California (USA)
Authors: Zvirtes G. , Hurst A. , Philipp R. P. , Palladino G. , Grippa A.
Published: July 2019

The Tumey Giant Injection Complex (TGIC) is a regionally developed sandstone intrusion complex emplaced into the deep-water Kreyenhagen Shale (Eocene) in the San Joaquin Basin, Central California. Detailed geological mapping, stratigraphic reconstruction and outcrop description, supported by structural analysis, allowed the architectural characterization of the TGIC. The complex is described as two main stratigraphically constrained intervals: (1) a lower interval (250 m thick) emplaced into clay-rich mudrock, consisting dominantly of sills with stepped and multilayered geometry; and (2) an upper interval (200 m thick) characterized by injection breccia and large wing-like intrusions (
c.
600 m width × 100 m high) emplaced within predominantly biosiliceous mudrock strata. The intrusions in both intervals were derived from turbiditic channel fills intensely modified by sand fluidization. Sandstone intrusions and fractures affecting host strata are dominantly oriented sub-parallel to the basin axis striking between NW–SE and N–S, mainly dipping to NE and forming asymmetric saucer-shaped intrusions, suggesting structurally driven hydraulic fracturing and sand emplacement. The absence of a deep aquifer and potential sand sources underlying the complex suggests a lateral contribution of fluid flow. The TGIC occurs at a scale similar to injection complexes recognized in the subsurface and is a valuable reservoir analogue for hydrocarbon accumulations associated with sand injectites.
TSLAM
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Cao Jian , Qian Shiyou , Buyya Rajkumar
Published: July 2019

With the rapid development of cloud computing, various types of cloud services are available in the marketplace. However, it remains a significant challenge for cloud users to find suitable services for two major reasons: (1) Providers are unable to offer services in complete accordance with their declared Service Level Agreements, and (2) it is difficult for customers to describe their requirements accurately. To help users select cloud services efficiently, this article presents a Trust enabled Self-Learning Agent Model for service Matching (TSLAM). TSLAM is a multi-agent-based three-layered cloud service market model, in which different categories of agents represent the corresponding cloud entities to perform market behaviors. The unique feature of brokers is that they are not only the service recommenders but also the participants of market competition. We equip brokers with a learning module enabling them to capture implicit service demands and find user preferences. Moreover, a distributed and lightweight trust model is designed to help cloud entities make service decisions. Extensive experiments prove that TSLAM is able to optimize the cloud service matching process and compared to the state-of-the-art studies, TSLAM improves user satisfaction and the transaction success rate by at least 10%.
Efficient Scheduling of Generalized Group Trips in Road Networks
Authors: Rayhan Yeasir , Hashem Tanzima , Jahan Roksana , Cheema Muhammad Aamir
Published: July 2019

In this article, we introduce generalized group trip scheduling (GGTS) queries that enable friends and families to perform activities at different points of interest (POIs), such as a shopping center, a restaurant and a pharmacy with the minimum total travel distance. Trip planning and scheduling for groups, an important class of location-based services (LBSs), have recently received attention from researchers. However, both group trip planning (GTP) and group trip scheduling (GTS) queries have restrictions: a GTP query assumes that all group members visit all required POIs together, whereas a GTS query requires that each POI is visited by a single group member. A GGTS query is more general and allows any number of group members to visit a POI together. We propose an efficient algorithm to evaluate the exact answers for GGTS queries in road networks. Since finding the answer for a GGTS query is an NP-hard problem, to reduce the processing overhead for a large group size or a large number of required POI types or a large POI dataset, we propose two heuristic solutions—trip-scheduling heuristic (TSH) and search region refinement heuristic (SRH)—for processing GGTS queries. Extensive experiments with real datasets show that our optimal algorithm is preferable for small parameter settings, and the heuristic solutions reduce the processing overhead significantly in return for sacrificing the accuracy slightly.
Simplifying Transactional Memory Support in C++
Authors: Zardoshti Pantea , Zhou Tingzhe , Balaji Pavithra , Scott Michael L. , Spear Michael
Published: July 2019

C++ has supported a provisional version of Transactional Memory (TM) since 2015, via a technical specification. However, TM has not seen widespread adoption, and compiler vendors have been slow to implement the technical specification. We conjecture that the proposed TM support is too difficult for programmers to use, too complex for compiler designers to implement and verify, and not industry-proven enough to justify final standardization in its current form.

To address these problems, we present a different design for supporting TM in C++. By forbidding explicit self-abort, and by introducing an executor-based mechanism for running transactions, our approach makes it easier for developers to get code up and running with TM. Our proposal should also be appealing to compiler developers, as it allows a spectrum of levels of support for TM, with varying performance, and varying reliance on hardware TM support in order to provide scalability.

While our design does not enable some of the optimizations admitted by the current technical specification, we show that it enables the implementation of robust support for TM in a small, orthogonal compiler extension. Our implementation is able to handle a wide range of transactional programs, delivering low instrumentation overhead and scalability and performance on par with the current state of the art. Based on this experience, we believe our approach to be a viable means of reinvigorating the standardization of TM in C++.
What makes a robot likable?
Authors: Mone Gregory
Published: July 2019

Interactions with robotics teach us more about people.
I don't understand my car
Authors: Monroe Don
Published: July 2019

Self-driving cars will need good communication skills.
Dynamic Beats Fixed
Authors: Bienkowski Marcin , Byrka Jarosław , Mucha Marcin
Published: July 2019

We construct a deterministic 4-competitive algorithm for the online file migration problem, beating the currently best 20-year-old, 4.086-competitive M
ove
-T
o
-L
ocal
-M
in
(M
tlm
) algorithm by Bartal et al. (SODA 1997). Like M
tlm
, our algorithm also operates in phases, but it adapts their lengths dynamically depending on the geometry of requests seen so far. The improvement was obtained by carefully analyzing a linear model (factor-revealing linear program) of a single phase of the algorithm. We also show that if an online algorithm operates in phases of fixed length and the adversary is able to modify the graph between phases, then the competitive ratio is at least 4.086.
Review of Q is for Quantum by Terry Rudolph
Authors: Gasarch Willaim
Published: July 2019

This book really is written for people who know NOTHING about quantum mechanics and don't know much math, hence I was able to give it a fair review. Since I have sometimes heard people talk about quantum mechanics I could also recognize some of the discussions in the book as well known controversies in quantum mechanics.
Review of An Introduction to Ramsey Theory
Authors: Gasarch William
Published: July 2019

This is a very important theorem since it shows that Peano Arithmetic cannot do everything in Number Theory. However, the statement S is not natural. Paris and Harrington came up with a natural statement in Ramsey Theory that is not provable in Peano Arithmetic. I have always wanted a clean self-contained treatment of the Paris-Harrington result and why it is not provable in Peano Arithmetic. Is this book that treatment? Yes!
Open Problems Column
Authors: Gasarch William
Published: July 2019

I invite any reader who has knowledge of some area to contact me and arrange to write a column about open problems in that area. That area can be (1) broad or narrow or anywhere in between, and (2) really important or really unimportant or anywhere in between.
Distributed Computing Column 74 Survey of Recon gurable Data Center Networks
Authors: Welch Jennifer L.
Published: July 2019

This column consists of an overview of recon gurable data center networks and is contributed by Klaus-Tycho Foerster and Stefan Schmid. After giving some accessible background on how such networks came about from the technological and empirical perspective, the authors provide an overview of the algorithmic results obtained so far for problems in this area. The take-away is that the surface has only been scratched and there is potential for much interesting work on algorithmic foundations for recon gurable data center networks.
“Beet” the cold: beetroot juice supplementation improves peripheral blood flow, endothelial function, and anti-inflammatory status in individuals with Raynaud’s phenomenon
Authors: Shepherd Anthony I. , Costello Joseph T. , Bailey Stephen J. , Bishop Nicolette , Wadley Alex J. , Young-Min Steven , Gilchrist Mark , Mayes Harry , White Danny , Gorczynski Paul , Saynor Zoe L. , Massey Heather , Eglin Clare M.
Published: July 2019

Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is characterized by recurrent transient peripheral vasospasm and lower nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in the cold. We investigated the effect of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BJ) supplementation on 1) NO-mediated vasodilation, 2) cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and skin temperature (Tsk) following local cooling, and 3) systemic anti-inflammatory status. Following baseline testing, 23 individuals with RP attended four times, in a double-blind, randomized crossover design, following acute and chronic (14 days) BJ and nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (NDBJ) supplementation. Peripheral Tskand CVC were measured during and after mild hand and foot cooling, and during transdermal delivery of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Markers of anti-inflammatory status were also measured. Plasma nitrite concentration ([nitrite]) was increased in the BJ conditions ( P < 0.001). Compared with the baseline visit, thumb CVC was greater following chronic-BJ (Δ2.0 flux/mmHg, P = 0.02) and chronic-NDBJ (Δ1.45 flux/mmHg, P = 0.01) supplementation; however, no changes in Tskwere observed ( P > 0.05). Plasma [interleukin-10] was greater, pan endothelin and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were reduced, and forearm endothelial function was improved, by both BJ and NDBJ supplementation ( P < 0.05). Acute and chronic BJ and NDBJ supplementation improved anti-inflammatory status, endothelial function and blood pressure (BP). CVC following cooling increased post chronic-BJ and chronic-NDBJ supplementation, but no effect on Tskwas observed. The key findings are that beetroot supplementation improves thumb blood flow, improves endothelial function and anti-inflammatory status, and reduces BP in people with Raynaud’s.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to examine the effect of dietary nitrate supplementation in individuals with Raynaud’s phenomenon. The principal novel findings from this study were that both beetroot juice and nitrate-depleted beetroot juice 1) increased blood flow in the thumb following a cold challenge; 2) enhanced endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation in the forearm; 3) reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pan-endothelin concentration; and 4) improved inflammatory status in comparison to baseline.
Computational model of cardiovascular response to centrifugation and lower body cycling exercise
Authors: Diaz-Artiles Ana , Heldt Thomas , Young Laurence R.
Published: July 2019

Short-radius centrifugation combined with exercise has been suggested as a potential countermeasure against spaceflight deconditioning. Both the long-term and acute physiological responses to such a combination are incompletely understood. We developed and validated a computational model to study the acute cardiovascular response to centrifugation combined with lower body ergometer exercise. The model consisted of 21 compartments, including the upper body, renal, splanchnic, and leg circulation, as well as a four-chamber heart and pulmonary circulation. It also included the effects of gravity gradient and ergometer exercise. Centrifugation and exercise profiles were simulated and compared with experimental data gathered on 12 subjects exposed to a range of gravitational levels (1 and 1.4G measured at the feet) and workload intensities (25–100 W). The model was capable of reproducing cardiovascular changes (within ± 1 SD from the group-averaged behavior) due to both centrifugation and exercise, including dynamic responses during transitions between the different phases of the protocol. The model was then used to simulate the hemodynamic response of hypovolemic subjects (blood volume reduced by 5–15%) subjected to similar gravitational stress and exercise profiles, providing insights into the physiological responses of experimental conditions not tested before. Hypovolemic results are in agreement with the limited available data and the expected responses based on physiological principles, although additional experimental data are warranted to further validate our predictions, especially during the exercise phases. The model captures the cardiovascular response for a range of centrifugation and exercise profiles, and it shows promise in simulating additional conditions where data collection is difficult, expensive, or infeasible.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Artificial gravity combined with exercise is a potential countermeasure for spaceflight deconditioning, but the long-term and acute cardiovascular response to such gravitational stress is still largely unknown. We provide a novel mathematical model of the cardiovascular system that incorporates gravitational stress generated by centrifugation and lower body cycling exercise, and we validate it with experimental measurements from human subjects. Simulations of experimental conditions not used for model development corroborate the model’s predictive capabilities.
Risk Analysis of Coupling Fault Propagation Based on Meta‐Action for Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) Machine Tool
Authors: Chen Yifan , Zhang Genbao , Ran Yan
Published: July 2019

A comprehensive fault analysis of CNC machine tool is conducive to improving its reliability. Due to the highly complex structure of CNC machine tool, there are different degrees of coupling relationship between faults. However, the traditional fault analysis methods (FMEA, FTA, etc.) for CNC machine tool do not solve this problem perfectly. Therefore, we propose a coupling fault propagation model based on meta‐action. First, in order to simplify the structural complexity of CNC machine tool, the “Function‐Motion‐Action (FMA)” decomposition structure is used to decompose the product function into simple meta‐action, and the numerical matrix is used to quantify the coupling relationship between the meta‐actions. Then, based on the fault transfer characteristics of meta‐action, the fault propagation model is established, and the global risk effect (GRE) is combined to realize the comprehensive evaluation of the risk criticality of meta‐actions. Finally, the rationality and validity of the method are verified by the case analysis of the automatic pallet changer (APC) of computerized numerical control (CNC) machining center.
Wetting Model of Asphalt on the Aggregate Surface and Its Effect Factors
Authors: Pi YuHui , Li Yan , Pi YingXing , Tan XiaoYong , He MingMing
Published: July 2019

Wetting is the process where asphalt infiltrates into the aggregate surface, which is important for the bonding between asphalt and aggregates. In this paper, the aggregate surface textures were simplified to V shape, and a wetting model was established to research the effects of initial temperature and cooling rate of asphalt and aggregate surface texture sizes on the wetting process. The results show that the asphalt infiltrates into the aggregate surface texture faster in the preliminary stage and slower in the later stage. Cooling rate and lower initial temperature of asphalt affect the surface tension and viscosity, resulting in a longer wetting process, but the effects of cooling rate could be ignored in actual practice. The relationship between the infiltration ending time and surface texture size was established, and it is found that the infiltration ending time is essentially proportional to the texture depth squared and inversely proportional to the texture width.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Cases in South Korea
Authors: Kim Sungha , Mun Sujeong , Park Jeonghwan , Choi Sunmi , Lee Sanghun , Kim Sungchul
Published: July 2019

Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) sometimes consider complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) because of ineffective treatment. This study investigated the prevalence and utilization pattern of CAM among patients with ALS in South Korea. Participants were recruited through homecare services for mechanical ventilation in South Korea. This study comprised a face-to-face cross-sectional survey with staff members available to address any queries. Fifty-five participants were included; all had used >1 CAM treatment option for ALS symptoms. Dietary treatments were most common, followed by functional food and massages. Most participants had obtained relevant information from family members or friends. The main reason for CAM use was an expectation that symptoms will improve with CAM; most patients were unsure of the effects. CAM use was previously discontinued by the majority of patients because of unsatisfactory effects. The mean expenditure on CAM was 288,385.28 ± 685,265.14 won per month, and the mean duration of CAM use was 11.54 ± 20.09 months. The results indicate that there is a high prevalence of CAM use among ALS patients. Healthcare providers should inquire about CAM use and openly provide accurate CAM information. Further evidence of CAM efficacy is required, as is specific guidance for consulting ALS patients regarding CAM.