bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Al—Cr—Pt (Aluminum—Chromium—Platinum)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Indole Derivatives via Isocyanides
Authors: Campo J. , Garcia‐Valverde M. , Marcaccini S. , Rojo M. J. , Torroba T.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Conjugated Shape‐Persistent Macrocycles via Schiff Base Condensation: New Motifs for Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Complexation of Carbon Nanorings with Fullerenes
Authors: Kawase Takeshi , Oda Masaji
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic Methods. Part 1. Free‐Radical Reactions
Authors: Rowlands Gareth J.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Genetic Engineering Renders Plants Attractive to “Bodyguards”
Authors: Pohner Georg
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Structure of the Bilayer Hydrate Na0.3NiO2×1.3D2O.
Authors: Park Sangmoon , Lee Yongjae , Elcombe Margaret , Vogt Thomas
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Photocatalytic Properties and 121Sb Moessbauer Spectra of Antimonic Acid Fine Nanoparticles Prepared by Soft Chemical Solution Process.
Authors: Wang Junhu , Ozawa Kiyoshi , Takahashi Masashi , Takeda Masuo , Nonami Toru
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The First Salt of an Isolated Pentachloroplumbate(II) Trianion.
Authors: Kalf Irmgard , Englert Ulli
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Cuprates Featuring Ladderlike Periodic Arrays of [Cu3O8]10‐ Trimeric Magnetic Nanostructures.
Authors: Mo Xunhua , Etheredge Kristen M. S. , Hwu Shiou‐Jyh , Huang Qun
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Addition of Diorganyl Chalcogenides to Cyclohexene Catalyzed with Tin(IV) Chloride.
Authors: Martynov A. V. , Zhinkin A. R. , Amosova S. V.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effective Oxidation of Benzylic and Aliphatic Alcohols with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by a Manganese(III) Schiff‐Base Complex under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Mardani Hamid R. , Golchoubian Hamid
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions Using Lanthanum(III) Nitrate. Part 2. A Mild and Efficient Chemoselective Tetrahydropyranylation of Primary Alcohols Using La(NO3)3×6H2O as a Catalyst under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Reddy T. Srikanth , Ravinder K. , Suryakiran N. , Narasimhulu M. , Mahesh K. Chinni , Venkateswarlu Y.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Allylic Substitution Reactions with Grignard Reagents Catalyzed by Imidazolium and 4,5‐Dihydroimidazolium Carbene—CuCl Complexes.
Authors: Okamoto Sentaro , Tominaga Satoshi , Saino Naoko , Kase Kouki , Shimoda Kentaro
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Arenediazonium o‐Benzenedisulfonimides as Efficient Reagents for Heck‐Type Arylation Reactions.
Authors: Artuso Emma , Barbero Margherita , Degani Iacopo , Dughera Stefano , Fochi Rita
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient and Highly Selective Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides in the Presence of an Ionic Liquid Containing Hypervalent Iodine.
Authors: Qian Weixing , Pei Lin
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pd‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Pyrroles with Allyl Alcohols Promoted by Triethylborane.
Authors: Kimura Masanari , Fukasaka Miki , Tamaru Yoshinao
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Oxidative Tandem Cyclization Reactions. Synthesis of Indolines Through C—N and C—C Bond Formation.
Authors: Yip Kai‐Tai , Yang Min , Law Ka‐Lun , Zhu Nian‐Yong , Yang Dan
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Carbon‐11 and Fluorine‐18 Labeled N‐Acetyl‐1‐aryl‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives as New Potential PET AMPA Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Gao Mingzhang , Kong Deyuan , Clearfield Abraham , Zheng Qi‐Huang
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Tacrine‐Hydrazinonicotinamide Hybrids as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors of Potential Interest for the Early Diagnostics of Alzheimer′s Disease.
Authors: Szymanski P. , Zurek E. , Mikiciuk‐Olasik E.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 5‐Heterocyclic Substituted Quinazolin‐4‐ones via 2‐Aminobenzonitrile Derivatives.
Authors: Fray M. Jonathan , et al. et al.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
4,6‐Dinitroanthranilic Acid and Benzo‐Fused Six‐Membered Heterocycles on Its Basis.
Authors: Kislyi K. A. , Samet A. B. , Semenov V. V.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and in vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Novel 6‐Chloro‐1,1‐dioxo‐1,4,2‐benzodithiazin‐3‐ylhydrazine Derivatives.
Authors: Pomarnacka E. , Bednarski P. J. , Grunert R. , Brzozowski Z. , Lach J.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Matrix Compare Analysis Discriminates Subtle Structural Differences in a Family of Novel Antiproliferative Agents, Diaryl‐3‐hydroxy‐2,3,3a,10a‐tetrahydrobenzo[b]cyclopenta [e]azepine‐4,10(1H,5H)‐diones.
Authors: Kunick Conrad , Bleeker Carola , Pruehs Christian , Totzke Frank , Schaechtele Christoph , Kubbutat Michael H. G. , Link Andreas
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Mycalamide A.
Authors: Kagawa Natsuko , Ihara Masataka , Toyota Masahiro
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Characterization of Cu‐ZSM‐5 Prepared by Solid‐State Ion Exchange of H‐ZSM‐5 with CuCl.
Authors: Zhang Yihua , Drake Ian J. , Bell Alexis T.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Indoline Derivatives. Part 1. Synthesis and Factor Xa (FXa) Inhibitory Activities.
Authors: Noguchi Tetsuji , Tanaka Naoki , Nishimata Toyoki , Goto Riki , Hayakawa Miho , Sugidachi Atsuhiro , Ogawa Taketoshi , Asai Fumitoshi , Matsui Yumi , Fujimoto Koichi
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanochemical Treatment of Inorganic Solids: Solid—Solid Fine Dispersions
Authors: Zdujic Miodrag
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure—Property Relationships in Polynuclear μ‐O Bridged Aqua Clusters: Effect of M—μO Bond Covalency
Authors: Richens David
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Atomic Resolution Probe Microscopy of the Graphite Surface
Authors: Sinitsyna O. V. , Yaminsky I. V.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Supramolecular Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Cronin Leroy
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Purification of Some Main Group Organometallic Precursors for Compound Semiconductors
Authors: Jain Vimal K.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural Types of Relevant β‐Amino Acid Targets
Authors: Juaristi Eusebio
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecular Complexes of Mono‐ and Oligosaccharides in Solutions
Authors: Parphenyuk E. V. , Davydova O. I.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Trialkylboranes
Authors: Zaidlewicz M. , Krzeminski M.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanism of Water Exchange in Aqueous Uranyl(VI) Ion. A Density Functional Molecular Dynamics Study.
Authors: Buehl Michael , Kabrede Hendrik
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Correlation Between Electronic Properties and Hydrodesulfurization Activity of 4d‐Transition‐Metal Sulfides.
Authors: Oviedo‐Roa Raul , Martinez‐Magadan Jose‐Manuel , Illas Francesc
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effect of 10 MPa Ammonia Treatment on the Activity of Visible Light Responsive Ta3N5 Photocatalyst.
Authors: Lee Yungi , Nukumizu Kota , Watanabe Tomoaki , Takata Tsuyoshi , Hara Michikazu , Yoshimura Masahiro , Domen Kazunari
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Simple Iodination Protocol via in situ Generated ICl Using NaI/FeCl3.
Authors: Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K. , Prakash Chandran , Ramesh Neelamegam
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Application of a Fluorous Lawesson′s Reagent: Convenient Chromatography‐Free Product Purification.
Authors: Kaleta Zoltan , Tarkanyi Gabor , Goemoery Agnes , Kalman Ferenc , Nagy Tamas , Soos Tibor
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of Aromatic Aldehydes with β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds in a Catalytic System: Piperidinium Acetate — 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Putilova E. S. , Troitskii N. A. , Zlotin S. G.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Selective Catalytic Activity of Ball‐Shaped Pd@MCM‐48 Nanocatalysts.
Authors: Lee Hee‐Yoon , Ryu Suyoung , Kang Hongkyu , Jun Young‐wook , Cheon Jinwoo
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sulfoximines as Ligands in Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Vinylogous Mukaiyama‐Type Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Remy Pauline , Langner Martin , Bolm Carsten
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Aldol‐Transfer Reactions with Al‐Alkoxide Trapping.
Authors: Xi Bixia , Nevalainen Vesa
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dithia[3.3](2,6)pyridinophane‐Containing Polymers: Application to the Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Reaction.
Authors: Morisaki Yasuhiro , Ishida Tamao , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Highly Selective Cascade Approach to Diverse Aromatic Ring Systems from Simple Aromatic Aldehydes and Propiolates.
Authors: Wang Yan‐Guang , Cui Sun‐Liang , Lin Xu‐Feng
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 3,4‐trans‐Disubstituted Pyrrolidines and Cyclopentanes via Intramolecular Radical Cyclizations Mediated by CAN.
Authors: Nair Vijay , Mohanan Kishor , Suja T. D. , Suresh Eringathodi
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cyclocondensation of Amidines with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate: A Convenient Entry into Tetramic Acids.
Authors: Erden Ihsan , Ozer Galip , Hoarau Christophe , Cao Weiguo
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective and Versatile Synthesis of Indoles via Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts Heteroannulation of Enaminones.
Authors: del Carmen Cruz Maria , Jimenez Fabiola , Delgado Francisco , Tamariz Joaquin
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 3,3′‐Disubstituted‐2,2′‐biindolyls Through Sequential Palladium‐Catalyzed Reactions of 2,2,2‐Trifluoro‐N‐(2‐(4‐ [2,2,2‐trifluoro‐acetylamino‐phenyl]‐buta‐1,3‐diynyl)‐phenyl)acetamide with Organic Halides/Triflates.
Authors: Abbiati Giorgio , Arcadi Antonio , Beccalli Egle , Bianchi Gabriele , Marinelli Fabio , Rossi Elisabetta
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot Synthesis Using Supported Reagents System KSCN/SiO2—RNH3OAc/Al2O3: Synthesis of 2‐Aminothiazoles and N‐Allylthioureas.
Authors: Aoyama Tadashi , Murata Sumiko , Arai Izumi , Araki Natsumi , Takido Toshio , Suzuki Yoshitada , Kodomari Mitsuo
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient Synthesis of Pharmacologically Active Derivatives of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles.
Authors: Kamble Ravindra R. , Sudha Belagur S.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Selectfluor: A Simple and Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Substituted Coumarins under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Kumar B. Sunil , Reddy Y. Thirupathi , Reddy P. Narsimha , Kumar P. S. , Rajitha B.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
4‐Hydroxyquinol‐2‐ones. Part 87. Unusual Synthesis of 1‐R‐4‐Hydroxy‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acid Pyridylamides.
Authors: Ukrainets I. V. , Sidorenko L. V. , Slobodzyan S. V. , Rybakov V. B. , Chernyshev V. V.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Studies of 6‐Aryl‐2,2a‐dihydro‐naphtho[2′,1′‐5,6]pyrano[4,3‐e][1,2,4]triazolo [3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazine and Its Derivatives.
Authors: Karnik A. V. , Malviya N. J. , Kulkarni A. M. , Jaimini D. , Jadhav B. L.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metachromins J and K, New Sesquiterpenoids from Marine Sponge Spongia Species.
Authors: Takahashi Yohei , Tsuda Masashi , Fromont Jane , Kobayashi Jun'ichi
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Multisensor Systems of the Electronic Tongue Type as Novel Opportunities in Design and Application of Chemical Sensors
Authors: Vlasov Yu. G. , Legin A. V. , Rudnitskaya A. M.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dynamical magnetic effects in photoexcited ferromagnetic semiconductors
Authors: Chovan J. , Kavousanaki E. G. , Perakis I. E.
Published: July 2006

We develop a theory of photoinduced dynamical magnetic effects in III‐Mn‐V ferromagnetic semiconductors valid in presence of strong carrier spin relaxation and dephasing. We treat relaxation by using the Lindblad semigroup method and calculate the nonlinear response numerically. We predict Mn‐spin relaxation and precession towards the direction determined by nonlinear optical polarization. These effects occur during the pulse. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Excitation dependence of the homogeneous linewidths in quantum dots
Authors: Lorke M. , Seebeck J. , Nielsen T. R. , Gartner P. , Jahnke F.
Published: July 2006

A microscopic theory is used to study the optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots. The dephasing of a coherent excitation and line‐shifts of the interband transitions due to carrier‐carrier Coulomb interaction and carrier‐phonon interaction are determined from a quantum kinetic treatment of correlation processes. In this work we are investigating the density dependence of the homogeneous linewidth of both quantum dot and wetting layer resonances as a function of the carrier density in the system. It was discussed previously in bulk and quantum well systems the linewidth depends on the excitation density via a power law. We find a similar density dependence of the dephasing also for the ground state interband transitions in quantum dot systems. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Weak and strong coupling limits for quantum well polaritons
Authors: Creatore C. , Ivanov A. L.
Published: July 2006

The strong and weak coupling regimes are analyzed for quantum well excitons interacting with the light field. The strong‐weak coupling transition point is described and quantified in terms of a discrete topological change (from an intersection to an anticrossing) of the quantum well polariton dispersion curves, which occurs at a critical damping rate of excitons. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coherently controlled polaritonic four‐wave‐mixing polarization in a ZnSe/ZnSSe heterostructure
Authors: Kudyk Iryna , Wischmeier Lars , Voss Tobias , Rückmann Ilja , Gutowski Jürgen
Published: July 2006

The coherent optical control of four‐wave‐mixing (FWM) polaritonic polarization in a heterostructure containing a 25 nm thin active ZnSe layer is studied. For the first‐order direction of diffraction 2k1‐k2 the phase‐locked pulse pair contributes quadratically to the FWM signal, and the separate control of polariton modes is observed. In contrast to that, in the direction 2k2‐k1 the pulse pair contributes linearly to the FWM signal and the polariton modes are simultaneously controlled, only. The coherent control of polaritonic FWM polarization in both diffraction directions can be explained in terms of the two‐polariton coherences and of Pauli blocking. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Controlled interference effects of spatial reproduction and multiplication for electron waves in semiconductor 2D nanostructures
Authors: Petrov V. , Nikitin A.
Published: July 2006

Spatial nonhomogeneity effects for the probability current density jx (x, z) (or quantum‐mechanical current density ejx (x, z), e being an electron charge) in semiconductor 2D nanostructures in the form of joints in the direction of propagation of the electron wave (the x ‐axis) of narrow and wide rectangular quantum wells (QWs) and the possibility to control these effects by the transverse constant electric field strength F in the wide QW have been theoretically studied. It was shown that at F = 0 transverse distribution jx (0, z) existing at the entry of the wide QW is reproduced with some accuracy at a definite distance X 1 from the joint and splits in symmetric (along the z ‐axis) 2D nanostructures into p identical profiles of the intensity lower by p times at the distance K 1/p . This picture is reproduced periodically in cross‐sections Kq = qX 1 (coefficients q and p being integers). It was shown that the electric field varies strongly in reproduction and multiplication pictures. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nonlinear excitation kinetics of biased quantum wells: Coherent dynamical screening effect
Authors: Turchinovich D. , Uhd Jepsen P.
Published: July 2006

In this paper we describe a strongly nonlinear process of ultrafast photoexcitation of a biased quantum well. This process is governed by coherent dynamical screening, where the instantaneously polarized photoexcited carriers screen initial bias field. This results in a dynamic modification of the bandstructure of the quantum well, which is totally coherent with the temporal intensity distribution in the excitation laser pulse. We developed a time‐resolved theoretical model of coherent dynamical screening, which predicts interesting fundamental consequences, such as nonlinear absorption and ultra‐broadband THz emission. The results of our THz and optical experiments are in good agreement with the theoretical model. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phase resolved polariton interferences in a ZnSe‐ZnSSe heterostructure
Authors: Seemann M. , Kieseling F. , Stolz H. , Manzke G. , Henneberger K. , Passow T. , Hommel D.
Published: July 2006

Applying the method of spectral interferometry we analyze amplitude and phase of reflected light at a ZnSe‐ZnSxSe1–x heterostructure. Beside the 1s‐heavy hole (hh), the 2s‐heavy hole and the 1s‐light hole (lh) excitons a series of peaks are found in the amplitude caused by interfering polariton modes propagating through the ZnSe layer. The phase shows pronounced changes at the corresponding energies. A strong increase by 2π appears for lower hh‐ and lh‐polariton modes. The behavior can be explained considering spatial dispersion in the dielectric model, Pekar's additional boundary conditions for the polariton propagation and a penetration of the excitonic polarization into the cladding layers. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interplay of electron‐phonon and Coulomb interaction in semiconductor quantum dots
Authors: Förstner J. , Knorr A. , Moloney J. V.
Published: July 2006

We theoretically study the biexciton‐phonon interaction in strongly confined semiconductor quantum dots. For spectrally narrow single‐pulse excitation generation of biexcitonic occupations is only possible via a two‐photon cascade, which exhibits renormalized Rabi oscillations and spectrally compressed phononsidebands. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solid‐Phase Synthesis and Structural Study of Substituted 1,4,5,6‐Tetrahydro‐6‐oxopyridine‐3‐carboxylic Acids
Authors: Rodríguez Hortensia , Martín Osnieski , Ochoa Estael , Suárez Margarita , Reyes Osvaldo , Garay Hilda , Albericio Fernando , Martín Nazario
Published: July 2006

An efficient solid‐phase approach to prepare substituted 1,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐6‐oxopyridines bearing a carboxylic acid group on C3 has been developed. The four‐step protocol involves an initial acetoacetylation of polystyrene Wang resin, followed by preparation of resin‐bound enamine. The cyclization reactions were carried out by reacting immobilized enamines with Knovenagel derivatives by a Hantzsch‐type heterocyclization. Acidolytic cleavage from the solid support rendered the desired heterocyclic compounds in excellent yields and high purity. The synthesized compounds were structurally characterized by spectroscopic methods. In order to gain a better understanding of the structure of the obtained heterocycles, theoretical calculations at the ab initio (B3LYP/6‐31G*) level were performed.
Clinical, cytological and histopathological evaluation of mammary masses in cats from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Amorim Fernanda V , Souza Heloisa J.M. , Ferreira Ana M.R. , Fonseca Ana B.M.
Published: July 2006

The vast majority of mammary tumors in cats are malignant with high metastatic and mortality rates. This study evaluated clinical, cytological and histopathological aspects of 20 cases of cat mammary masses deriving from the city of Rio de Janeiro. Data on history, macroscopic description, evidence of regional lymph node and distant metastases, clinical examination and treatment were collected. The cats were treated with unilateral mastectomy, unilateral mastectomy plus chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone. Tissues were submitted for cytological and histological evaluation. Histopathological analysis described one case of mammary hyperplasia and 19 cases of adenocarcinoma. Inadequate surgical margins were obtained in two cats while six showed evidence of microscopic invasion in other mammary glands. Multiple mammary involvement and greater tumor size (diameter over 7.05 cm) were correlated with increased chance of local metastases. Ulceration of tumors and metastases were common. These facts support the highly malignant nature of this neoplasia and emphasize the risks associated with delay in diagnosis and treatment of feline patients. In conclusion, mammary palpation should be performed routinely in the clinical practice.
On the location of the gene(s) harbouring the advantageous variant that maintains the X/4 fusion of Drosophila americana
Authors: VIEIRA CRISTINA P. , ALMEIDA ANDRÉ , DANIEL DIAS JOÃO , VIEIRA JORGE
Published: July 2006

Weak selection is maintaining the Drosophila americana X/4 fusion chromosomal frequency cline. The gene(s) harbouring the advantageous variant(s) that is responsible for the establishment and maintenance of this chromosomal frequency gradient must be located in a region of the X and/or 4th chromosome that is genetically isolated between the X/4 fusion and non-fusion forms. The limits of these regions must thus be determined before an attempt is made to identify these genes. For this purpose, the correspondence between the D. virilis X and 4th chromosome genome scaffolds sequence and the D. americana gene order was established. Polymorphism levels and patterns at seven genes located at the base of the D. americana X chromosome, as well as three genes located at the base of the 4th chromosome, were analysed. The data suggest that the D. americana X/4 fusion is no more than 29000 years old. At the base of the X chromosome, there is suppression of recombination within X/4 fusion and non-fusion chromosomes, and little recombination between the two chromosomal forms. Apparent fixed silent and replacement differences are found in three of seven genes analysed located at the base of the X chromosome. There is no evidence for suppression of recombination between fusion and non-fusion chromosomes at the base of the 4th chromosome. The advantageous variant responsible for the establishment in frequency and maintenance of the X/4 fusion is thus inferred to be in the D. americana X centromere–inversion Xc basal breakpoint region.
The reversibility of constraints on size and fecundity in the parasitic nematodeStrongyloides ratti
Authors: VINEY M. E. , STEER M. D. , WILKES C. P.
Published: July 2006

The size and fecundity of parasitic nematodes are constrained by the host immune response. For the parasitic nematode of rats,Strongyloides ratti, parasitic females infecting immunized rats are smaller and less fecund than those infecting naïve rats. Here, we investigated whether these constraints on size and fecundity are life-long. This was done by comparison of worms from different immunization and immunosuppression regimes. It was found that theper capitafecundity of parasitic females ofS. rattiis fully reversed, but that their size is only partially reversed, if previously immunized hosts are subsequently immunosuppressed, suggesting that fecundity is not subject to life-long constraints. The host immune response also resulted in allometric changes in the parasitic females. The significance of these results with respect to the growth and control of nematode fecundity are discussed.
A categorical quantum logic
Authors: ABRAMSKY SAMSON , DUNCAN ROSS
Published: July 2006

We define a strongly normalising proof-net calculus corresponding to the logic of strongly compact closed categories with biproducts. The calculus is a full and faithful representation of the free strongly compact closed category with biproducts on a given category with an involution. This syntax can be used to represent and reason about quantum processes.
The sulphur dilemma: are there biosignatures on Europa's icy and patchy surface?
Authors: Chela-Flores J.
Published: July 2006

We discuss whether sulphur traces on Jupiter's moon Europa could be of biogenic origin. The compounds detected by the Galileo mission have been conjectured to be endogenic, most likely of cryovolcanic origin, due to their non-uniform distribution in patches. The Galileo space probe first detected the sulphur compounds, as well as revealing that this moon almost certainly has a volcanically heated and potentially habitable ocean hiding beneath a surface layer of ice. In planning future exploration of Europa there are options for sorting out the source of the surficial sulphur. For instance, one possibility is searching for the sulphur source in the context of the study of the Europa Microprobe In Situ Explorer (EMPIE), which has been framed within the Jovian Minisat Explorer Technology Reference Study (ESA). It is conceivable that sulphur may have come from the nearby moon Io, where sulphur and other volcanic elements are abundant. Secondly, volcanic eruptions in Europa's seafloor may have brought sulphur to the surface. Can waste products rising from bacterial colonies beneath the icy surface be a third alternative significant factor in the sulphur patches on the Europan surface? Provided that microorganisms on Europa have the same biochemical pathways as those on Earth, over geologic time it is possible that autochthonous microbes can add substantially to the sulphur deposits on the surface of Europa. We discuss possible interpretations of the non-water-ice elements (especially the sulphur compound mercaptan) in the context of the studies for future missions. To achieve reliable biosignatures it seems essential to go back to Europa. Our work highlights the type of biogenic signatures that can be searched for when probing Europa's icy and patchy surface.
Classifying Pedestrian Shopping Behaviour According to Implied Heuristic Choice Rules
Authors: Kurose Shigeyuki , Borgers Aloys W J , Timmermans Harry J P
Published: July 2006

Our aim in this paper is to build and test a model which classifies and identifies pedestrian shopping behaviour in a shopping centre by using temporal and spatial choice heuristics. In particular, the temporal local-distance-minimising, total-distance-minimising, and global-distance-minimising heuristic choice rules and spatial nearest-destination-oriented, farthest-destination-oriented, and intermediate-destination-oriented choice rules are combined to classify and identify the stop sequences and route choices of shopping pedestrians. First, several linear networks with a single entry node and a few stop nodes are investigated. For these networks, the global-distance-minimising and spatial choice heuristics classify and identify the sequences of stops very well. Although the local-distance-minimising choice rule identifies pedestrian route choice quite well, another heuristic is needed to improve the identification. In this paper a new, attractive-street-oriented heuristic is suggested to improve the identification ability of the model. This choice rule suggests that shopping pedestrians will never leave the attractive shopping streets before completing their shopping. The model is then applied to empirical data of pedestrian shopping behaviour in Veldhoven City Centre in The Netherlands. The findings of this application suggest that the model based on choice heuristics might be useful to classify and identify the sequences of stops and route choice behaviour of shopping pedestrians in a shopping centre.
The Use of Pedestrian Modelling in Archaeology, with an Example from the Study of Cultural Learning
Authors: Lake Mark
Published: July 2006

In this paper I briefly review the use of computer simulation in archaeology and argue that pedestrian modelling has the potential to overcome many of the problems associated with earlier simulation studies. I then introduce the MAGICAL simulation software, which was written to facilitate the use of multiagent simulation within a geographical information system. In the final part of the paper I describe the use of MAGICAL to study the evolution of cultural learning among early hominids.
Value and Control: Perceptions of Conserving the Built Environment in Local Planning Authority Practice
Authors: Hobson Edward
Published: July 2006

In this paper I explore values in conserving the built environment as applied by local planning authorities in two towns of different historical character, although comparable in size and statutory conservation responsibilities. A two-tier investigation involved exploring the conservation practices of these local authorities and examining four recent development cases. Interviews with a wide range of local players built up a picture of the perceptions of local conservation culture. The results suggest that tensions are created as the national emphasis towards conservation's more flexible contribution to regeneration is exposing weaknesses in some underlying assumptions. In drawing away from the traditional development control aspect and covering such a breadth of justifications, this creates professional, political, and public misunderstandings which may undermine support for conservation.
gp130 signaling in proopiomelanocortin neurons mediates the acute anorectic response to centrally applied ciliary neurotrophic factor
Authors: Janoschek Ruth , Plum Leona , Koch Linda , Münzberg Heike , Diano Sabrina , Shanabrough Marya , Müller Werner , Horvath Tamas L. , Brüning Jens C.
Published: July 2006

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) exerts anorectic effects by overcoming leptin resistance via activation of hypothalamic neurons. However, the exact site of CNTF action in the hypothalamus has not yet been identified. Using Cre-loxP-mediated recombination
in vivo
, we have selectively ablated the common cytokine signaling chain gp130, which is required for functional CNTF signaling, in proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons. POMC-specific gp130 knockout mice exhibit unaltered numbers of POMC cells and normal energy homeostasis under standard and high fat diet. Endotoxin (LPS) and stress-induced anorexia and adrenocorticotropin regulation were unaffected in these animals. Strikingly, the anorectic effect of centrally administered CNTF was abolished in POMC-specific gp130 knockout mice. Correspondingly, in these animals, CNTF failed to activate STAT3 phosphorylation in POMC neurons and to induce c-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus. These data reveal POMC neurons as a critical site of CNTF action in mediating its anorectic effect.
IgD, like IgM, is a primordial immunoglobulin class perpetuated in most jawed vertebrates
Authors: Ohta Yuko , Flajnik Martin
Published: July 2006

IgD has remained a mysterious Ig class and a bane to immunology students since its discovery >40 years ago. Its spotty occurrence in mammals and birds and the discovery of an isotype with similarities to IgD in bony fish are perplexing. We have identified IgD heavy (H) chain (δ) from the amphibianXenopus tropicalisduring examination of the IgH locus. TheXenopusδ gene is in the same position, immediately 3′ of the IgM gene, as in mammals, and it is expressed only in the spleen at low levels, primarily as a transmembrane receptor by surface IgM+cells. Our data suggest that frog IgD is expressed on mature B cells, like in mouse/human. Unexpectedly,XenopusIgD is orthologous to IgW, an Ig isotype found only in cartilaginous fish and lungfish, demonstrating that IgD/W, like IgM, was present in the ancestor of all living jawed vertebrates. In striking contrast to IgM, IgD/W is evolutionarily labile, showing many duplications/deletions of domains, the presence of multiple splice forms, existence as predominantly a secretory or transmembrane form, or loss of the entire gene in a species-specific manner. Our study suggests that IgD/W has played varied roles in different vertebrate taxa since the inception of the adaptive immune system, and it may have been preserved as a flexible locus over evolutionary time to complement steadfast IgM.
Reconstitution of invertebrate glutamate receptor function depends on stargazin-like proteins
Authors: Walker Craig S. , Brockie Penelope J. , Madsen David M. , Francis Michael M. , Zheng Yi , Koduri Sri , Mellem Jerry E. , Strutz-Seebohm Nathalie , Maricq Andres V.
Published: July 2006

α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPARs) are a major subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) that mediate rapid excitatory synaptic transmission in the vertebrate brain. Putative AMPARs are also expressed in the nervous system of invertebrates. InCaenorhabditis elegans, the GLR-1 receptor subunit is expressed in neural circuits that mediate avoidance behaviors and is required for glutamate-gated current in the AVA and AVD interneurons. Glutamate-gated currents can be recorded from heterologous cells that express vertebrate AMPARs; however, whenC. elegansGLR-1 is expressed in heterologous cells, little or no glutamate-gated current is detected. This finding suggests that other receptor subunits or auxiliary proteins are required for function. Here, we identifyCeSTG-1, aC. elegansstargazin-like protein, and show that expression ofCeSTG-1 together with GLR-1 and the CUB-domain protein SOL-1 reconstitutes glutamate-gated currents inXenopusoocytes.CeSTG-1 and homologues cloned fromDrosophila(DroSTG1) andApis mellifera(ApisSTG1) have evolutionarily conserved functions and can partially substitute for one another to reconstitute glutamate-gated currents from rat,Drosophila, andC. elegans. Furthermore, we show thatCeSTG-1 andApisSTG1 are primarily required for function independent of possible roles in promoting the surface expression of invertebrate AMPARs.
Palmitoylation by the DHHC protein Pfa4 regulates the ER exit of Chs3
Authors: Lam Karen K.Y. , Davey Michael , Sun Beimeng , Roth Amy F. , Davis Nicholas G. , Conibear Elizabeth
Published: July 2006

The yeast chitin synthase Chs3 provides a well-studied paradigm for polytopic membrane protein trafficking. In this study, high-throughput analysis of the yeast deletion collection identifies a requirement for Pfa4, which is an uncharacterized protein with protein acyl transferase (PAT) homology, in Chs3 transport. PATs, which are the enzymatic mediators of protein palmitoylation, have only recently been discovered, and few substrates have been identified. We find that Chs3 is palmitoylated and that this modification is Pfa4-dependent, indicating that Pfa4 is indeed a PAT. Chs3 palmitoylation is required for ER export, but not for interaction with its dedicated ER chaperone, Chs7. Nonetheless, both palmitoylation and chaperone association are required to prevent the accumulation of Chs3 in high–molecular mass aggregates at the ER. Our data indicate that palmitoylation is necessary for Chs3 to attain an export-competent conformation, and suggest the possibility of a more general role for palmitoylation in the ER quality control of polytopic membrane proteins.
X-linked susceptibility to mycobacteria is caused by mutations in NEMO impairing CD40-dependent IL-12 production
Authors: Filipe-Santos Orchidée , Bustamante Jacinta , Haverkamp Margje H. , Vinolo Emilie , Ku Cheng-Lung , Puel Anne , Frucht David M. , Christel Karin , von Bernuth Horst , Jouanguy Emmanuelle , Feinberg Jacqueline , Durandy Anne , Senechal Brigitte , Chapgier Ariane , Vogt Guillaume , de Beaucoudrey Ludovic , Fieschi Claire , Picard Capucine , Garfa Meriem , Chemli Jalel , Bejaoui Mohamed , Tsolia Maria N. , Kutukculer Necil , Plebani Alessandro , Notarangelo Luigi , Bodemer Christine , Geissmann Frédéric , Israël Alain , Véron Michel , Knackstedt Maike , Barbouche Ridha , Abel Laurent , Magdorf Klaus , Gendrel Dominique , Agou Fabrice , Holland Steven M. , Casanova Jean-Laurent
Published: July 2006

Germline mutations in five autosomal genes involved in interleukin (IL)-12–dependent, interferon (IFN)-γ–mediated immunity cause Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD). The molecular basis of X-linked recessive (XR)–MSMD remains unknown. We report here mutations in the leucine zipper (LZ) domain of the NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) gene in three unrelated kindreds with XR-MSMD. The mutant proteins were produced in normal amounts in blood and fibroblastic cells. However, the patients' monocytes presented an intrinsic defect in T cell–dependent IL-12 production, resulting in defective IFN-γ secretion by T cells. IL-12 production was also impaired as the result of a specific defect in NEMO- and NF-κB/c-Rel–mediated CD40 signaling after the stimulation of monocytes and dendritic cells by CD40L-expressing T cells and fibroblasts, respectively. However, the CD40-dependent up-regulation of costimulatory molecules of dendritic cells and the proliferation and immunoglobulin class switch of B cells were normal. Moreover, the patients' blood and fibroblastic cells responded to other NF-κB activators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and lipopolysaccharide. These two mutations in the NEMO LZ domain provide the first genetic etiology of XR-MSMD. They also demonstrate the importance of the T cell– and CD40L-triggered, CD40-, and NEMO/NF-κB/c-Rel–mediated induction of IL-12 by monocyte-derived cells for protective immunity to mycobacteria in humans.