bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Center-to-limb variation of spectral lines and continua observed with SST/CRISP and SST/CHROMIS
Authors: Pietrow A. G. M. , Kiselman D. , Andriienko O. , Petit dit de la Roche D. J. M. , Díaz Baso C. J. , Calvo F.
Published: December 2022

Context.Observations of center-to-limb variations (CLVs) of spectral lines and continua provide a good test for the accuracy of models with a solar and stellar atmospheric structure and spectral line formation. They are also widely used to constrain elemental abundances, and are becoming increasingly more important in atmospheric studies of exoplanets. However, only a few such data sets exist for chromospheric lines.

Aims.We aim to create a set of standard profiles by means of mosaics made with the CRISP and CHROMIS instruments of the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST), as well as to explore the robustness of said profiles obtained using this method.

Methods.For each spectral line, we used a mosaic that ranges from the center to the limb. Each of these mosaics were averaged down to 50 individual spectral profiles and spaced by 0.02 in theμscale. These profiles were corrected for p-mode oscillations, and their line parameters (equivalent width, line shift, full-width at half-maximum, and line depth) were then compared against literature values whenever possible.

Results.We present a set of 50 average profiles that are spaced equidistantly along the cosine of the heliocentric angle (μ) by steps of 0.02 for five continuum points between 4001 and 7772 Å, as well as ten of the most commonly observed spectral lines at the SST (Ca II H & K, Ηβ, Mg I 5173 Å, C I 5380 Å, Fe I 6173 Å, Fe I 6301 Å, Ha, O I 7772 Å, and Ca II 8542 Å).

Conclusions.The CLV of line profiles and continua are shared in the CDS as machine readable tables, providing a quantitative constraint on theoretical models that aim to model stellar atmospheres.
An improved Representative Particle Monte Carlo method for the simulation of particle growth
Authors: Beutel M. , Dullemond C. P.
Published: December 2022

Context. A rocky planet is formed out of the agglomeration of around 1040 cosmic dust particles. As dust aggregates grow by coagulation, their number decreases. But until they have grown to hundreds of kilometres, their number still remains well above the number of particles a computer model can handle directly. The growth from micrometres to planetesimal-sized objects therefore has to be modelled using statistical methods, often using size distribution functions or Monte Carlo methods. However, when the particles reach planetary masses, they must be treated individually. This can be done by defining two classes of objects: a class of many small bodies or dust particles treated in a statistical way, and a class of individual bodies such as one or more planets. This introduces a separation between small and big objects, but it leaves open how to transition from small to big objects, and how to treat objects of intermediate sizes.

Aims. We aim to improve the Representative Particle Monte Carlo (RPMC) method, which is often used for the study of dust coagulation, to be able to smoothly transition from the many-particle limit into the single-particle limit.

Results. Our new version of the RPMC method allows for variable swarm masses, making it possible to refine the mass resolution where needed. It allows swarms to consist of few numbers of particles, and it includes a treatment of the transition from swarm to individual particles. The correctness of the method for a simplified two-component test case is validated with an analytical argument. The method is found to retain statistical balance and to accurately describe runaway growth, as is confirmed with the standard constant kernel, linear kernel, and product kernel tests as well as by comparison with a fiducial non-representative Monte Carlo simulation.
The pristine nature of SMSS 1605−1443 revealed by ESPRESSO
Authors: Aguado D. S. , Caffau E. , Molaro P. , Allende Prieto C. , Bonifacio P. , González Hernández J. I. , Rebolo R. , Salvadori S. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Cristiani S. , Pepe F. , Santos N. C. , Cupani G. , Di Marcantonio P. , D’Odorico V. , Lovis C. , Nunes N. J. , Martins C. J. A. P. , Milakovi D. , Rodrigues J. , Schmidt T. M. , Sozzetti A. , Suárez Mascareño A.
Published: December 2022

Context. SMSS J160540.18−144323.1 is the carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) star with the lowest iron abundance ever measured, [Fe/H] = −6.2, which was first reported with the SkyMapper telescope. The carbon abundance is A(C)≈6.1 in the low-C band, as the majority of the stars in this metallicity range. Yet, constraining the isotopic ratio of key species, such as carbon, sheds light on the properties and origin of these elusive stars.

Aims. We performed high-resolution observations of SMSS 1605−1443 with the ESPRESSO spectrograph to look for variations in the radial velocity (vrad) with time. These data have been combined with older MIKE and UVES archival observations to enlarge the temporal baseline. The 12C/13C isotopic ratio is also studied to explore the possibility of mass transfer from a binary companion.

Methods. A cross-correlation function against a natural template was applied to detect vrad variability and a spectral synthesis technique was used to derive 12C/13C in the stellar atmosphere.

Results. We confirm previous indications of binarity in SMSS 1605−1443 and measured a lower limit 12C/13C >  60 at more than a 3σ confidence level, proving that this system is chemically unmixed and that no mass transfer from the unseen companion has happened so far. Thus, we confirm the CEMP-no nature of SMSS 1605−1443 and show that the pristine chemical composition of the cloud from which it formed is currently imprinted in its stellar atmosphere free of contamination.
Ernährung bei Kindern mit cholestatischen Lebererkrankungen
Authors: Mutschler Frauke , Wimmer Karin
Published: December 2022

Cholestatische Lebererkrankungen bei Kindern wirken sich negativ auf den Ernährungsstatus, das Wachstum und die Entwicklung aus. Dies zusammen führt zu einem erhöhten Risiko von Morbidität und Mortalität. Kinder mit Cholestase haben neben den Problemen der Maldigestion und Malabsorption einen erhöhten Grundumsatz, eine Malnutrition ist die Folge. Aus diesem Grund spielt die Ernährung eine elementare Rolle, die durch ein professionelles Team begleitet werden sollte. Objektiv und unabhängig von Flüssigkeitsüberladung zu erhebende Messparameter sind vor allem der Oberarmumfang und die Trizeps-Hautfalte, besonders aussagekräftig longitudinal im Verlauf der Ernährungsintervention durch regelmäßige Messungen. Bausteine der Ernährungsintervention sind eine ausreichende Kalorienzufuhr, ein hoher Anteil von Fetten mit mittelkettigen Triglyzeriden (MCT), die Substitution fettlöslicher Vitamine und das Vermeiden von Fastenperioden. Essenzielle Fettsäuren sind ferner für Wachstum und Gehirnentwicklung wichtig. Spezialnahrungen mit MCT oder MCT-Supplemente, die zur Normalkost hinzugegeben werden, kommen zum Einsatz.
Der Einfluss von Schilddrüsenhormonen auf den Knochen
– von der zellulären Ebene, über Mausmodelle bis hin zum
Patienten
Authors: Lademann Franziska , Rauner Martina , Tsourdi Elena
Published: December 2022

Die Schilddrüsenhormone L-Thyroxin und 3,3',5-Triiod-L-thyronin
spielen eine zentrale Rolle im Skelettwachstum und beim Erhalt eines gesunden
Knochens im Erwachsenenalter. Auf zellulärer Ebene sind die Wirkungen
von Schilddrüsenhormonen in Osteoblasten gut erforscht, während
ihre Effekte auf Osteoklasten und Osteozyten nur unzureichend verstanden sind.
Die Behandlung von Osteoblasten mit Schilddrüsenhormonen in vitro
führt zu deren Leistungssteigerung, wobei drei wesentliche Faktoren ihre
zelluläre Wirksamkeit bestimmen können: der Import in die Zelle,
ihre Aktivierung oder Inaktivierung durch Dejodasen und die
Verfügbarkeit der Schilddrüsenhormonrezeptoren.
Präklinische Studien unter Verwendung transgener Mausmodelle zeigen,
dass jeder dieser Faktoren eine wesentliche Rolle im Skelettwachstum und dem
Erhalt der Knochenqualität, -struktur und -mineraldichte spielen.
Schilddrüsenerkrankungen führen zu unterschiedlichen skelettalen
Veränderungen im Kindes- und Erwachsenenalter und können in der
Regel durch eine Therapie gut behandelt werden. Sowohl eine Hypo- als auch
Hyperthyreose kann, wenn unbehandelt, im Kindesalter zu Kleinwuchs
führen. In erwachsenen Betroffenen verursacht eine manifeste
Hyperthyreose eine sekundäre Osteoporose mit erhöhten
Frakturrisiko infolge eines gesteigerten Knochenaufbaus und -abbaus. Eine
Hypothyreose hingegen verlangsamt den Knochenumbauzyklus und steigert die
sekundäre Mineralisierung. Da Schilddrüsenhormone den
Knochenumbau direkt regulieren können, nehmen sie ebenfalls Einfluss auf
die Kalzium- und Phosphathomöostase im Körper. Zusammengefasst
sind Schilddrüsenhormone wichtige Regulatoren des Knochen- und
Mineralstoffwechsels.
Synovial Fluid Analysis and Microscopic Assessment of Macrophage Quantities and Morphology in Equine Septic Arthritis
Authors: Strootmann Teresa , Spitzbarth Ingo , della Tommasa Simone , Brehm Walter , Köller Gabor , Troillet Antonia
Published: December 2022

Objective Research and provision of data on macrophages by cytological synovial fluid analysis and light microscopy in horses with septic arthritis

Material and methods Records of 167 synovial fluid samples were evaluated and subdivided into different groups: (1) non-septic, (2) haematogenous septic arthritis in foals and (3) traumatic/iatrogenic septic arthritis. The effect of joint lavage on synovial fluid cytology and on the occurrence of macrophage phenotypes was investigated.

Results Regardless of aetiology and age of the horse, macrophage concentrations in synovial sepsis are decreased to a median of 5–6 % (unaffected joints: 23.5 %) and further diminished by joint lavage. Microscopic assessment led to the identification of 4 phenotypes. Morphological characteristics of type 1 showed similarities to monocytes and predominated in unaffected and in septic joints after lavage.

Conclusion and clinical relevance Macrophages are highly versatile by altering their phenotype. A morphological assessment by light microscopy is easily applicable. Type 1 presumably contributes to joint homeostasis.
Sichere Diagnostik der Implantatrotation im hochauflösenden
Ultraschall in Abhängigkeit vom Implantathersteller
Authors: Lohmeyer Jörn Andreas , Shahmiri-Zimmermann Shanly , Keck Maike Katharina
Published: December 2022

Die Rotation eines anatomischen Implantates kann einen vorzeitigen
Implantatwechsel erforderlich machen. Ob eine störende
Formveränderung rotationsbedingt ist, lässt sich klinisch nicht
immer sicher sagen. Der hochauflösende Ultraschall kann helfen, die
genaue Implantatausrichtung zu bestimmen. Die Richtungsmarkierungen von
anatomischen Implantaten werden durch die Hersteller jedoch sehr uneinheitlich
umgesetzt. Ohne genaue Kenntnis der zu erwartenden Bildgebung ist eine
eindeutige Diagnostik daher nicht möglich. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine
abgrenzende Darstellung der Bildgebung gängiger Implanatmarken im
hochauflösenden Ultraschall. Methoden Zur Simulation einer
authentischen Darstellung erfolgte die Untersuchung von anatomischen Implantaten
durch eine auf 1,5–2 cm ausgedünnten Bauchhaut, die im
Rahmen einer klassischen Abdominoplastik gewonnen wurde. Verglichen wurden
Implantate der Firmen Allergan, Eurosilicone, Mentor, Motiva, Nagor, Polytech
und Sebbin. Dabei erfolgte die Dokumentation der Markierungspositionen und
-abmessungen in der Ultraschalldiagnostik. Ergebnisse Durch Platzierung
und Form ist unter den verwendeten Implantaten grundsätzlich eine
eindeutige Zuordnung der Ausrichtung und Herstellerfirma möglich. Die
Bodenplatte war bei allen Fabrikaten klar darstellbar. Beim Hersteller Polytech
ist die sichtbare Strukturänderung jedoch auf ein sehr kleines,
zentrales Areal begrenzt. Auch die Darstellung der Bodenplatte sowie die
Implantathülle lassen Schlüsse auf den Hersteller
zu.Zusammenfassung Im hochauflösenden Ultraschall ist eine
schnelle und zuverlässige Diagnostik der Implantatausrichtung
möglich. Auch die Herstellerfirma ließ sich in diesem Rahmen
eindeutig zuordnen. Dabei kann auch ein Umkippen (flip over) sicher festgestellt
werden. Die hier zusammengefasste Katalogisierung der Markierungen
ermöglicht sowohl den Hersteller zu identifizieren als auch die
Implantatausrichtung sicher zu bestimmen.
Effects of Intrauterine Infusion of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma in Women Undergoing Treatment with Assisted Reproductive Technology: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hu Shifu , Jin Zhishan , Tang Qianqian
Published: December 2022

Purpose This meta-analysis was conducted to systematically retrieve relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and evaluate the effects of intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in women with thin endometrium, implantation or pregnancy failure undergoing treatment with assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the retrieved RCTs. Studies on the intrauterine infusion of PRP in women undergoing treatment with ART that were published in PubMed, the Cochrane library, Web of Science, and Embase from inception until June 2022 were included. The data were extracted and analyzed independently using the fixed-effects or random-effects model according to heterogeneity.

Results Seven RCTs involving 861 patients (435 in the intervention group and 426 in the control group) were included. The rates of clinical pregnancy (risk ratio [RR]: 2.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0–3.13; P < 0.00001), chemical pregnancy (RR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.58–2.45; P < 0.00001), live births (RR: 7.03; 95% CI: 3.91–12.6; P < 0.00001), and implantation (RR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.42–7.52; P = 0.005) were significantly higher in the women who received PRP infusion than in the control group. No significant differences were noted in the miscarriage rate (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.39–2.42; P = 0.96) between the two groups.

Conclusion In summary, intrauterine infusion of PRP may be an effective therapy for women with thin endometrium and recurrent implantation failure (RIF) undergoing treatment with ART. More population-based RCTs are warranted to verify the efficacy of our evidence.
Methoden zur fortlaufenden Körperkonditionsbeurteilung von Milchkühen – eine Übersicht
Authors: Panne Nicola Carina , Mansfeld Rolf
Published: December 2022

Die Körperkonditionsbeurteilungsmethoden Body Condition Scoring (BCS) und Rückenfettdickemessung mittels Ultraschall (RFDM) beim Rind bieten gute und praktikable Möglichkeiten, die Energiebilanz einer Milchkuh in der Trockenstehphase und in der Frühlaktation zu beurteilen. Für den vorliegenden Übersichtsartikel wurde eine umfangreiche Recherche der wissenschaftlichen Literatur (online und analog) durchgeführt. Die verschiedenen Arbeiten wurden in ein Literaturverwaltungsprogramm eingepflegt und kategorisiert. Das BCS ist das Mittel der Wahl, um schnell und präzise einen Überblick über die Verläufe der Körperkondition von Kühen eines Bestands während des Reproduktionszyklus zu bekommen. Die Rückenfettdicke (RFD) kann durch exakt messbare Werte vor allem bei der Einzel- oder Kleingruppenbetreuung herangezogen werden. Ziel derartiger Verfahren ist es, den Energiehaushalt der Milchkuh in der Frühlaktation unter Berücksichtigung der Energieaufnahme und der Energieabgabe optimal zu steuern, um die Inzidenzen von Erkrankungen wie Fettmobilisationssyndrom und Ketose zu minimieren und dementsprechend eine bessere Tiergesundheit und optimale Leistung zu schaffen.
Samarium and Ytterbium in Organic Electrosynthesis
Authors: Lundberg Helena , Röckl Johannes L.
Published: December 2022

Low-valent lanthanide catalysts and reagents are well-established as versatile and tunable mediators for a variety of synthetic transformations. Despite the contemporary interest in electricity as a sustainable alternative to stoichiometric redox reagents, electrochemical (re)generation of such low-valent metal complexes in a synthetic setting is surprisingly limited. With focus on samarium and ytterbium, this review presents a comprehensive overview of electroreductive-mediated transformations with the hope of inspiring further work in this very useful field of research.

1 Introduction

2 Compounds Containing Carbon–Oxygen Bonds

2.1 Ethers

2.2 Aldehydes and Ketones

2.3 Esters and Phthalimides

3 Compounds Containing Nitrogen–Oxygen Bonds

4 Compounds Containing Carbon–Halide Bonds

5 Conclusions
Curative Effect and Mechanisms of Radix Arnebiae Oil on Burn Wound Healing in Rats
Authors: Gao Ting , Zhao Yu , Zhao Yuna , He Yanping , Huang Qi , Yang Jianhong , Zhang Liming , Chen Jing
Published: December 2022

Radix arnebiae oil (RAO) is a clinically useful traditional Chinese medical formula with outstanding curative effects on burns. However, the mechanism of the effect of RAO on wound healing
remains unclear. The present study investigates the molecular mechanisms of the potential curative effect of RAO on wound healing. The concentrations of the main constituents, shikonin,
imperatorin, and ferulic acid in RAO detected by HPLC were 24.57, 3.15, and 0.13 mg/mL, respectively. A rat burn model was established, and macroscopic and histopathological studies were
performed. RAO significantly accelerated wound closure and repair scarring, increased superoxide dismutase activities, and reduced malondialdehyde. RAO also downregulated interleukin (IL)-6,
IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in wound tissues and increased secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and transforming growth factor
(TGF)-β1. RAO increased the gene expression of TGF-β1, type I and III collagen, and increased the protein expression of TGF-β1 and phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. In
conclusion, RAO likely promotes wound healing via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and increases re-epithelization. Activation of the TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt pathway may play an
important role in the healing efficacy of RAO. These findings suggest that RAO could be a promising alternative local treatment for burn wound healing.
Application of Supercharge End-to-Side (SETS) Obturator to Femoral Nerve Transfer in Electrical Injury-Induced Neuropathy to Improve Knee Extension
Authors: Wu Katie Pei-Hsuan , Lin Li-Ching , Lu Johnny Chuieng-Yi
Published: December 2022

Femoral nerve injuries are devastating injuries that lead to paralysis of the quadriceps muscles, weakening knee extension to prohibit ambulation. We report a devastating case of electrical injury-induced femoral neuropathy, where no apparent site of nerve disruption can be identified, thus inhibiting the traditional choices of nerve reconstruction such as nerve repair, grafting, or transfer. Concomitant spinal cord injury resulted in spastic myopathy of the antagonist muscles that further restricted knee extension. Our strategy was to perform (1) supercharge end-to-side technique (SETS) to augment the function of target muscles and (2) fractional tendon lengthening to release the spastic muscles. Dramatic postoperative improvement in passive and active range of motion highlights the effectiveness of this strategy to manage partial femoral nerve injuries.
How Did We Get Here? Antithrombotic Therapy after Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Replacement: A Review
Authors: Eikelboom Rachel , Whitlock Richard P. , Lopes Renato D. , Siegal Deborah , Jaffer Iqbal H. , Drakos Paul , Schulman Sam , Belley-Côté Emilie P.
Published: December 2022

Importance Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular disease, and more than 90% of patients who undergo aortic valve replacement receive a bioprosthetic valve. Yet optimal antithrombotic therapy after bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement remains uncertain, and guidelines provide contradictory recommendations.

Observations Randomized studies of antithrombotic therapy after bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement are small and underpowered. Observational data present opposing, and likely confounded, results. Historically, changes to guidelines have not been informed by high-quality new data. Current guidelines from different professional bodies provide contradictory recommendations despite citing the same evidence.

Conclusion Insufficient antithrombotic therapy after bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement has serious implications: ischemic stroke, systemic arterial thromboembolism, and clinical and subclinical valve thromboses. Unnecessarily intense antithrombotic therapy, however, increases risk of bleeding and associated morbidity and mortality. Professional bodies have used the current low-quality evidence and generated incongruent recommendations. Researchers should prioritize generating high-quality, randomized evidence evaluating the risks and benefits of antiplatelet versus anticoagulant therapy after bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement.
Reevaluation of the Merits and Demerits of Prophylactic Gastrostomy in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Undergoing Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kitoh Ryosuke , Iwasa Yoh-ichiro , Yokota Yoh , Matsuura Kazuki , Takumi Yutaka
Published: December 2022

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is one of the standard treatment strategies for patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Prophylactic percutaneous gastrostomy (pPEG) has been reported to be useful for nutritional intervention during CCRT. On the other hand, disadvantages such as complications of gastrostomy itself and long-term PEG dependence have also been reported. In the present study, we conducted a retrospective review of the data of HNSCC cases treated with CCRT and reevaluate the merit and demerit of pPEG. Patients with pharyngeal carcinoma treated by CCRT between 2015 and 2020 were enrolled for this analysis. In this study, we limited our analysis to those who received the following treatments: Radiation therapy was planned for a total dose of 70 Gy, and the concomitant chemotherapy regimen was high-dose (100 mg/m2) CDDP administered intravenously once every three weeks (three cycles). A total of 54 patients who underwent pPEG met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen patients who had received similar treatment without pPEG during the study period were used as a control group for comparison. The results revealed that in the pPEG group, there were fewer cases with a weight loss of 10% or more, nutritional intervention was started relatively early, and the hospitalization period after the end of CCRT was shorter as compared with the status in the non-PEG group. In regard to PEG tube dependence, the rate of PEG tube usage at 6 months after CCRT was relatively low, at approximately 13%. No significant factor was identified in this study regarding the need for nutritional intervention by routes, including PEG tube, nasogastric tube, and total parenteral nutrition, other than oral intake. In the review of the literature, it seemed difficult to make a simple comparison due to the lack of uniformity in the selection criteria for pPEG, patient background, and treatment intensity.
Curacon-Benchmark-Studie: Noch Luft nach oben
Authors: Redmann Jörg , Dessel Christoph
Published: December 2022

Krankenhauszukunftsgesetz und digitaler Wandel – Die Curacon-Benchmark Studie zur Krankenhaus-IT zeigt: Krankenhäuser navigieren häufig ohne IT- oder Digitalisierungsstrategie auf Sicht. Auch methodische Hilfsmittel, wie das IT-Projektmanagement, werden – trotz ihres großen Mehrwerts – nur selten genutzt.
Collective cell migration during human mammary gland organoid morphogenesis
Authors: Hutterer Franz P. , Buchmann Benedikt , Engelbrecht Lisa K. , Bausch Andreas R.
Published: December 2022

Organ morphogenesis is driven by cellular migration patterns, which become accessible for observation in organoid cultures. We demonstrate here that mammary gland organoids cultured from human primary cells, exhibit oscillatory and collective migration patterns during their development into highly branched structures, as well as persistent rotational motion within the developed alveoli. Using high-resolution live-cell imaging, we observed cellular movement over the course of several days and subsequently characterized the underlying migration pattern by means of optical flow algorithms. Confined by the surrounding collagen matrix, characteristic correlated back-and-forth movements emerge due to a mismatch between branch invasion and cell migration speeds throughout the branch invasion phase. In contrast, alveolar cells exhibit continuous movement in the same direction. By modulating cell–cell adhesions, we identified collective migration as a prerequisite for sustaining these migration patterns both during the branching elongation process and after alveolus maturation.
Multispecies structure-preserving particle discretization of the Landau collision operator
Authors: Zonta Filippo , Pusztay Joseph V. , Hirvijoki Eero
Published: December 2022

This paper proposes a novel numerical integrator for modeling multispecies Coulomb collisions in kinetic plasmas. The proposed scheme provides an energy-, momentum-, and positivity-preserving particle discretization of the nonlinear Landau collision operator, extending the works of Carrillo et al. [J. Comput. Phys. 7, 100066 (2020)] and Hirvijoki [Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 63, 044003 (2021)]. The discrete-time conservation properties are analyzed both algebraically and numerically, and an efficient, graphics processing unit-parallelized implementation is validated against inhomogeneous temperature relaxation, isotropization, and thermalization examples. The results agree with analytical estimates, confirming the method capable of reproducing physics.
Accelerating Li-ion diffusion in β-eucryptite by tuning Li–Li correlation
Authors: Niu Yinghua , Li Wenjun , Liu Longfei , Nitou Modeste Venin Mendieev , Nie Jinlan , Mei Zongwei , Cao Feng , Lv Weiqiang
Published: December 2022

Solid-state Li-ion batteries are emerging as promising next-generation energy storage devices, but new solid-state Li-ion conductors or electrolytes, a critical component of such devices, are highly demanded to meet the conductivity and stability requirements. In this study, one of the cost-effective and stable silicate-based solid Li-ion conductors, β-eucryptite LiAlSiO4, was studied via ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The Si/Al ratio from 0 to 7 corresponding to x in Li1+xAl1+xSi1-xO4 from 1 (Li-rich) to −0.75 (Li-poor) was adjusted to investigate its impact on Li-ion diffusion. The results show that the Li-ion diffusion barrier can be greatly decreased from 0.61 eV in β-eucryptite LiAlSiO4 (x = 0) to 0.20 eV in Li0.5Al0.5Si1.5O4 (x = −0.5; Si/Al = 3) and 0.24 eV in Li1.25Al1.25Si0.75O4 (x = 0.25; Si/Al = 0.6). The predicted Li-ion conductivity is 6.976 mS/cm in Li0.5Al0.5Si1.5O4 and 3.773 mS/cm in Li1.25Al1.25Si0.75O4 at 25 °C, both allowing room-temperature operation of solid-state batteries. The modulation of Li–Li correlation at these two distinctive Si/Al ratios results in significantly lower diffusion barrier and higher Li-ion conductivity than those of the parent composition. Our work facilitates the design of low-cost silicate-based Li-ion conductors with high Li conductivity.
Sequencing waves in single-transducer acoustophoretic patterning of microspheres
Authors: Wang Y. J. , Chai L. A. , Zubajlo R. E. , Anthony B. W.
Published: December 2022

Acoustophoretic assembly uses acoustic waves to move dispersed particles into a geometric pattern. The pattern is typically created in a single step and often relies on wave-forming techniques to achieve the desired pattern geometries. We show that multiple acoustic waves can be applied sequentially in a multi-step process to create particle patterns not achievable by the individual waves alone. We demonstrate this approach in spherical particles using two planar pseudo-standing waves. Applied individually, each of the two waves would create linear particle bands with uniform spacing in between the bands. However, when applied sequentially, the banding pattern created in the first step is further manipulated by the second wave to create non-uniform spacing in between the bands. The experimentally achieved particle pattern geometry agrees well with the theoretical prediction.
Full-function logic circuit based on egg albumen resistive memory
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhu Hongyu , Zuo Ze , Wen Dianzhong
Published: December 2022

The logic gate is the basic unit of a digital circuit structure. The operation, memory, I/O, and other reading and writing functions of computer systems require logic circuits. Logic gates based on resistive memory can make existing integrated circuits denser, smaller, faster, and use fewer devices. In this paper, Al/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/egg albumen (EA):Au nanoparticles/PMMA/Al multilayer biological resistive random access memory was prepared based on the natural biological material—egg albumen (EA). The device has bipolar switching behavior, a higher switching current ratio, a lower threshold voltage, and better stability. A circuit based on auxiliary logic is constructed using this device, and the logic functions of AND, OR, NOT, NAND, and NOR are realized. This device provides an effective potential solution for implementing high-performance electronic devices and large-scale integrated circuits.
Elastic single-walled carbon nanotubes pixel matrix electrodes for flexible optoelectronics
Authors: Mukhangali S. , Neplokh V. , Kochetkov F. , Vorobyev A. , Mitin D. , Mukhin M. , Krasnikov D. K. , Tian J. , Islamova R. , Nasibulin A. G. , Mukhin I.
Published: December 2022

This paper demonstrates an elastic (i.e., both flexible and stretchable) pixel matrix based on the patterned films of single-walled carbon nanotubes, which were obtained using optical lithography and plasma etching. The proposed elastic electrodes maintain their initial resistivity at 10% stretching. We also demonstrate an application of the elastic pixel matrix to an array of III–V semiconductor nanowires encapsulated into the elastic polymer matrix, which paves the way for highly deformable inorganic light-emitting or photodetector devices.
Time-dependent two-dimensional translation of a freely rotating sphere in a viscoelastic fluid
Authors: Joens Mary A. , Doyle Patrick S. , McKinley Gareth H. , Swan James W.
Published: December 2022

This study examines the movement of a small freely rotating spherical particle in a two-dimensional trajectory through a viscoelastic fluid described by the Giesekus model. The fluid equations of motion in the inertialess limit and the Giesekus constitutive equation are expanded as a power series in the Weissenberg number, for which analytical solutions for velocity and pressure profiles at low order can be determined for the case of a steady-state flow. These steady solutions are then related to Fourier-transformed variables in frequency space through the use of correspondence relationships, allowing the analysis of time-dependent particle trajectories. The relative unsteadiness and nonlinearity of these time-dependent flows are quantified through a Deborah and Weissenberg number, respectively. The impact of changing these dimensionless parameters on the characteristics of the flow is discussed at length. We calculate the predicted rate of rotation of a small particle undergoing an arbitrary two-dimensional translation through a viscoelastic fluid, as well as the predicted correction to the force exerted on the particle arising from the interaction of particle rotation and translation. Finally, we calculate the angular velocity and total force including second-order corrections for particles executing a few specific trajectories that have been studied experimentally, as well as the predicted trajectory for a particle being directed by a known time-dependent forcing protocol.
Disruption of electrostatic contacts in the HNH nuclease from a thermophilic Cas9 rewires allosteric motions and enhances high-temperature DNA cleavage
Authors: Belato Helen B. , Norbrun Carmelissa , Luo Jinping , Pindi Chinmai , Sinha Souvik , D’Ordine Alexandra M. , Jogl Gerwald , Palermo Giulia , Lisi George P.
Published: December 2022

Allosteric signaling within multidomain proteins is a driver of communication between spatially distant functional sites. Understanding the mechanism of allosteric coupling in large multidomain proteins is the most promising route to achieving spatial and temporal control of the system. The recent explosion of CRISPR-Cas9 applications in molecular biology and medicine has created a need to understand how the atomic level protein dynamics of Cas9, which are the driving force of its allosteric crosstalk, influence its biophysical characteristics. In this study, we used a synergistic approach of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and computation to pinpoint an allosteric hotspot in the HNH domain of the thermostable GeoCas9. We show that mutation of K597 to alanine disrupts a salt-bridge network, which in turn alters the structure, the timescale of allosteric motions, and the thermostability of the GeoHNH domain. This homologous lysine-to-alanine mutation in the extensively studied mesophilic S. pyogenes Cas9 similarly alters the dynamics of the SpHNH domain. We have previously demonstrated that the alteration of allostery via mutations is a source for the specificity enhancement of SpCas9 (eSpCas9). Hence, this may also be true in GeoCas9.
Shear layer response to overmodulated acoustic perturbations
Authors: Nicholls C. J. , Chakravarthy K. , Tang B. M. T. , Williams B. A. O. , Bacic M.
Published: December 2022

Shear layers act as demodulators when subjected to amplitude modulated, acoustic perturbations. Recent work explained that the demodulation is a result of the hypothesized relationship between the excitation waveform and the vorticity signal of the large-scale structures, which was represented by a half-wave rectification model. In this paper, this model is explored by overmodulating the excitation signal amplitude. The rectifier model predicts several effects of overmodulation on the flow response, including a doubling of the demodulated response frequency. To validate these predictions, a free, round jet that is excited acoustically upstream of the nozzle is studied using particle image velocimetry. Analytical results from the model are confirmed using a second experimental setup where a jet that emerges from a nozzle and attaches to an adjacent, inclined wall is excited acoustically. Beyond the insight it provides into shear layer vortex dynamics, overmodulation serves as a useful excitation technique for practical applications, where the shear layer response frequency can be increased at the expense of the response amplitude.
Analysis of liquid surface deformation and breakups using three-dimensional high-speed data recorded with a single camera
Authors: Roth Adrian , Sapik Marcel , Kristensson Elias , Jedelsky Jan , Berrocal Edouard
Published: December 2022

Analyzing the deformation of liquid surfaces to better understand, for example, wave generation in oceanology or the formation of industrial spray systems, requires a series of three-dimensional snapshots that temporally resolve such events. This requirement is challenging, especially when applied to transient liquid surfaces that deform rapidly. A technique called Fringe Projection-Laser Induced Fluorescence (FP-LIF), developed by the authors, generates three-dimensional surface reconstructions of irregular liquid structures using snapshots recorded via a single camera only. In this article, FP-LIF is associated, for the first time, with a high-speed detection system, allowing the three-dimensional visualization of liquid surface deformation and breakups at a kHz frame rate. The technique is applied here at 20 kHz for imaging the complete development of a wide hollow-cone water spray and analyzing, in detail, the transition from early injection to stabilization. The three-dimensional image series covered a total time window of 300 ms (6000 frames). It is observed during the first 100 ms that the initial liquid jet deforms into a stable tulip shaped sheet. Then, between 100 and 180 ms, the tulip shape gradually grows until its stabilization corresponds to the final conical shaped sheet. Once the stabilization is reached, the fluctuation of the final spray-angle—ranging from 40° to 50°—is extracted by post-processing 1000 consecutive three-dimensional images, providing a detailed analysis of the radial symmetry of the spray over time and three-dimensional space. The results provided in this article are relevant for the validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics spray models.
Near-infrared light excitation of h-BN ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor
Authors: Cui Hao , Qin Zizheng , Sun Haohang , Chen Zhanguo , Qin Weiping
Published: December 2022

We demonstrate a method to faithfully excite an ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by using optical frequency upconversion technology. By means of Yb3+ and Tm3+ as dual bridging sensitizers, NaYF4:Yb3+, Tm3+, and Gd3+ microcrystals were excited by near-infrared light and generated high-energy (>6 eV) excited states. We fabricated a photoelectric conversion device by attaching the microcrystals to the surfaces of the h-BN thin film. When the device was irradiated with 980-nm near-infrared light, the Gd3+ ions in the microcrystals were populated to the high-energy excited states 5GJ through an internal 7-photon process, emitting 205 nm deep ultraviolet fluorescence and 195.3 nm vacuum ultraviolet fluorescence, which provided enough energy for h-BN photoexcitation. Dynamic analysis showed that Förster resonance energy transfer played a very important role in the optical excitation, and populating Gd3+ ions to high-energy excited states was the technical key.
Machine learning of double-valued nonadiabatic coupling vectors around conical intersections
Authors: Richardson Jeremy O.
Published: December 2022

In recent years, machine learning has had an enormous success in fitting ab initio potential-energy surfaces to enable efficient simulations of molecules in their ground electronic state. In order to extend this approach to excited-state dynamics, one must not only learn the potentials but also nonadiabatic coupling vectors (NACs). There is a particular difficulty in learning NACs in systems that exhibit conical intersections, as due to the geometric-phase effect, the NACs may be double-valued and are, thus, not suitable as training data for standard machine-learning techniques. In this work, we introduce a set of auxiliary single-valued functions from which the NACs can be reconstructed, thus enabling a reliable machine-learning approach.
Study on external performance and internal flow characteristics in a centrifugal pump under different degrees of cavitation
Authors: Jia XiaoQi , Zhang Yong , Lv Hao , Zhu ZuChao
Published: December 2022

Cavitation as a form of unsteady flow within centrifugal pumps can cause the reduced performance of pumps, disordered internal flow regimes, and flow loss. The present criterion used for determining the occurrence of cavitation is a 3% head drop. However, in most cases, pump cavitation already occurs with less than a 1%–2% head drop due to significant changes in the internal flow status. To examine changing patterns in internal flow characteristics as the degree of cavitation deepens in the early stage of cavitation in centrifugal pumps when the head curve does not show significant fluctuation, this paper focuses on a low specific speed centrifugal pump to analyze distributions of total internal pressure, speed, bubble volume, vortex structure, and entropy generation across different degrees of cavitation and obtain internal flow characteristics and flow loss patterns of pumps, with an aim of providing preferences for anti-cavitation hydraulic design of centrifugal pumps.
Wheel-running preferences in the small Australian marsupial Antechinus.
Authors: Packer W. C.
Published: December 2022

The wheel-running behaviour of the dasyurid marsupial Antechinus flavipes leucogaster was examined with regard to preferences for certain shapes (i.e., round, round with hurdles, hexagonal and square) before and after enforced experience with each wheel. The round and hurdle wheels were the most commonly preferred, but the results were not consistent when the relative position of the wheels was changed and the animals tested immediately a second time. Wheel shape appears to be marginally more important than the relative position of the wheels in determining preferences, but clear preferences were evident when four round wheels were provided. These observations re-emphasise the need for caution when interpreting the results of certain types of free-choice experiments in animal behaviour.
Monotremes
Authors: Augee M. L.
Published: December 2022

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Marsupial taxonomy and phylogeny.
Authors: Sharman G. B.
Published: December 2022

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Recent advances in marsupial physiology (non-reproductive).
Authors: Dawson T. J.
Published: December 2022

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Southern biogeography on the basis of continental drift: a review.
Authors: Smith J. M. B.
Published: December 2022

Several independent lines of evidence show that continental drift has occurred on a large scale. The southern super-continent Gondwanaland, rifted during the earlier Mesozoic, began to fragment during the Cretaceous. The larger Gondwanic continental areas experienced some aridity during the late Tertiary and Pleistocene, while other smaller land areas continued to enjoy moist isothermal conditions. Different climates have led to the selection of different elements from the same original Gondwanic flora, which largely accounts for the various floristic disjunctions of the southern hemisphere. There has also been some mingling with northern floras; much plant migration probably occurred during the Pleistocene. Many animal taxa show disjunct southern distributions, explicable in terms of continental drift. The early migrations of primitive mammals, in Cretaceous times, were followed by separate processes of evolution and extinction on the separate drifted continents of the Tertiary. Gondwanaland was an important centre of evolution. The mainly southern distribution of primitive angiosperms may indicate a Gondwanic origin for the group.
The shapes of faecal pellets of red and grey kangaroos.
Authors: Grant T. R.
Published: December 2022

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The sticknest rat, Leporillus conditor, on Franklin Island, Nuyts Archipelago, South Australia.
Authors: Robinson A. C.
Published: December 2022

On Franklin Island, South Australia, Leporillus conditor, occurred in all vegetation associations, although the density varied between these associations. The animals built sticknests ranging from a few twigs added to a shrub to a conical nest I.5 m high built entirely by the rats. Stomach contents of three animals contained only plant items. Predators include barn owls and possibly black tiger snakes. Leporillus conditor appears to breed opportunistically with a gestation period of approximately 44 days and a litter size of one or two. The population on Franklin Island in March 1970 was estimated to number between 1,500 and 2,000 individuals. The decline of mainland populations appears to have followed the advent of grazing by sheep and cattle.
Gondwanaland and the Chiroptera.
Authors: Hamilton-Smith E.
Published: December 2022

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The fossil kangaroos.
Authors: Bartholomai A.
Published: December 2022

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A comparison of genetic relationships within the Macropodidae as determined from allozyme, cytological and immunological data.
Authors: Richardson B. J. , McDermid E. M.
Published: December 2022

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A new species of rock wallaby, Petrogale persephone (Marsupialia: Macropodidae), from Proserpine, central Queensland.
Authors: Maynes G. M.
Published: December 2022

A new species of rock wallaby, Petrogale persephone, is described from Proserpine, central Queensland. It is distinguished from all known species of rock wallabies by the following combination of characters: absence of distinctive pelage markings except the dark axillary patch and light facial stripe ; ears uniform brownish orange; dorsal surface of body uniformly brown or light platinum; large premolar; ectotympanic ring incomplete or nearly so, not fused to posterior end of zygomatic arch (squamosal); small median pterygoid process arising from lingual flank of pterygoid while lateral pterygoid process is low flattened remnant arising from ventral end of pterygoid next to palatine. The new species appears to be rare and may be endangered as it is known from only two localities near Proserpine where it may be sympatric with Petrogale inornata Gould, 1842.
Shuotherium dongi, n. gen. and sp. , a therian with pseudo-tribosphenic molars from the Jurassic of Sichuan, China.
Authors: Chow M. , Rich T . H. V.
Published: December 2022

Shuotherium dongi, n. gen. and sp., is an unusual therian in having a "pseudo-talonid" basin on the lower molars anterior to the trigonid. Apparently an analogue of the protocone on the upper molars occluded in the pseudo-talonid and thus functionally it played a role similar to the talonid of tribosphenic therians. Being of medial to late Jurassic age, this "pseudo-tribosphenic" form predates the earliest known tribosphenic therian by at least 30 million years. With well developed accessory bones in the lower jaw, Shuotherium dongi was more primitive than any known tribosphenic therian. Perhaps it was a factor linked with the primitive nature of the jaw which explains why it was the tribosphenic and not the pseudo-tribosphenic molar pattern which was a key step in the radiation of the therians.
Sminthopsis youngsoni (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae), the Lesser Hairy-footed Dunnart, a new species from arid Australia.
Authors: McKenzie N. L. , Archer M.
Published: December 2022

A new species of dunnart, Sminthopsis youngsoni, is described. It is smaller than, but most similar to the Hairy-footed Dunnart, S. hirtipes. These two species form a subgroup of arid-adapted species within Sminthopsis. The new species comes from habitats on sandy surfaces throughout arid tropical areas of Western Australia.
Revision in the macropodid subfamily Sthenurinae (Marsupialia: Macropodoidea) and the relationships of the species of Troposodon and Lagostrophus.
Authors: Flannery T. F.
Published: December 2022

As part of a cladistic analysis of the Macropodoidea, the subfamily Sthenurinae (Macropodidae) has been redefined to include species of Lagostrophus, Troposodon, Sthenurus, Simosthenurus and Procoptodon. Lagostrophus fasciatus is structurally the most primitive species of the subfamily. Retention of some primitive dental, pedal and reproductive character states indicate that sthenurines represent an early division within the Macropodidae. Synapomorphic character states for sthenurines include the possession of a sinuous-shaped occlusal edge on I1 , a well-developed postlink on upper molars, a degree of overlap between the postmetacrista and the posthypocrista, the possession of a well-developed premetacristid that usually contacts the paracristid, and a tendency towards fusion of the mandibular symphysis.