bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Au-Rh /ASA катализаторын дайындау әдісінің бензолды гидрлеу реакциясына әсері
Authors: Конуспаев С. , Нұрлан Ә.
Published: May 2022

Бензол мен толуолдың жоғары меншікті бетке ие аморфты синтетикалық алюмосиликат   (ASA, саудалық атауы Siral-40) тасымалдағышына отырғызылған родий және алтын катализаторын қолданып, этанолда, сутек қысымында  гидрлену нәтижесі салыстырылды.  Катализаторлар екі түрлі әдіспен дайындалды: ылғал сыйымдылығы бойынша сіңіру және коллоидтық әдіс. Сондай-ақ, катализаторлар сіңдіру арқылы екі нұсқада дайындалды: родий мен алтын тұздарын бір уақытта сіңдіру және алдымен бір металдың тұзын, содан кейін екінші металды ретімен сіңіру. Катализаторлар индуктивті байланысқан плазма-оптикалық эмиссиялық спектроскопия (ICP-OES) әдісімен зерттелді. Бензолды селективті гидрлеу үшін ылғал сыйымдылығы бойынша сіңдіру арқылы дайындалған катализаторлар ең тиімді екендігі анықталды. Катализатордың белсенділігі катализатор бетіндегі бензол мен толуолды белсендіру үшін қатетті родий мөлшеріне байланысты. Коллоидтық әдіспен дайындалған катализаторларда белсенді родий металы кеуектердің ішіне еніп, алтын катализатордың бетінде қалатындықтан оның белсенділігі төмен, ал сіңдіру арқылы дайындалған катализаторлардың бетіндегі родий мөлшері теориялық мүмкіндікке жақын. Аталмыш соңғы катализаторда толуол қатысында  бензолды гидрлеудің селективтілігі 84% құрайды.
Топырақ эрозиясын бағалауда жер бедеріне морфометриялық талдау жасау
Authors: Мукалиев Ж. , Жеңісова Н.
Published: May 2022

Топырақ эрозиясын зерттеуде ең тиімді әдістерінің бірі рельефті морфометриялық талдау болып табылады. Аталмыш әдісте негізгі ақпарат көздері болып ірі масштабты топографиялық карталар, далалық аспаптық түсірілімдердің мәліметтері, сондай-ақ жерді қашықтықтан зондтау деректері рельефті цифрлық үлгілеу кезіндегі басты мәлімет көздері болып табылады. ГАЖ технологиялары мен рельефтің сандық модельдерін қолдану рельефтің маңызды морфометриялық көрсеткіштерінің тақырыптық карталарын жасауға мүмкіндік береді. Бірақ морфометриялық талдаудың ауқымы тек геоморфологиямен ғана шектелмейді, оның қолдану аясы анағұрлым кеңірек, атап айтқанда, әртүрлі геоэкологиялық, топырақ эрозиясын зерттеу мәселелерді шешу үшін қолданылады. Бұл мақалада Аlos Polsar Dem 12,5 m рельефінің сандық моделін қолдана отырып, келешекте топырақ эрозиясын бағалауда негіз болатын ССП рельефіне морфометриялық талдау жасалып, оның негізінде мынадай модельделді карталар жасалды: гипсометриялық карта, көлбеу бұрыштар мен беткейлердің экспозициялары.
Hich-octane gasoline production processes using catalysts containing platinum
Authors: Ametova D.
Published: May 2022

The catalytic reforming process is designed to increase the detonation resistance of gasolines and to obtain individual aromatic hydrocarbons, mainly benzene, toluene, xylenes - petrochemical feedstocks. It is important to obtain a cheap hydrogen-containing gas in the process for use in other hydrocatalytic processes. The importance of catalytic reforming processes in oil refining increased significantly in the 1990s. due to the need to produce unleaded high-octane gasoline.
Динамика гидрографической сети дельты реки Урал
Authors: Кабиев Е.
Published: May 2022

Дельта реки Урал, расположенная в казахстанском секторе Каспийского моря, характеризующаяся прилегающим к ней побережьем и морской акваторией, является одной из неустойчивых территорий, сильно изменяющихся относительно пространственного времени. Повышение и снижение уровня Каспийского моря является одной из основных причин изменения дельты реки, включая среду обитания животных и птиц в этом регионе. Также неэффективное использование природных ресурсов привело к резкому изменению физико-географического положения региона. Очевидно, что гидрологические изменения дельты реки представляют дополнительную опасность для естественных аквальных геосистем.

Прямое и косвенное влияние антропогенных факторов на дельтовую систему реки Урал вызывает изменения в их морфологии. В работе рассмотрены исследования новейшей эволюции береговой системы в целом.
Detection and genotyping of the CCHF virus in tick populations in the Zhambyl region
Authors:   Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Sultankulova K.T. , Shynybekova G.O. ,   Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Mukhami N.N. ,   Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Chervyakova O.V. ,   Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Melisbek A.M. ,   Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Kozhabergenov N.S. ,   Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Orynbayev M.B. ,   Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems
Published: May 2022

The Republic of Kazakhstan has favorable conditions for the development and distribution of many species of ticks, which are carriers of various types of pathogens of especially dangerous infections. In the course of this study, 319 samples (32 pools) of ticks in the Zhambyl region were collected and examined for the presence of arboviruses. In 2021, the circulation of the CCHF virus was detected among ticks living in the Zhambyl region by the method of polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription. The population of the CCHF virus in the Republic of Kazakhstan has not been studied more widely, there is no information on the genetic affiliation of the new virus isolates circulating in the country. Analysis of new data on the genetic diversity of the CCHF virus will make it possible to assess the current state of the virus population, to determine the boundaries of the distribution areas of genetic variants of the CCHF virus in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The work was performed using molecular genetic methods (isolation of nucleic acids, RT-PCR, DNA sequencing according to Sanger), the method of phylogenetic analysis using the Mega 7.0 program, the method of geoinformation analysis using the ArcGIS 10.4.1. program. The nucleotide sequences of the S segment fragment of two CCHF virus isolates isolated from ticks inhabiting the Zhambyl region were determined. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the S segment of two CCHF virus isolates showed that they belong to the Asia 2 genotype. New isolates are genetically close to the CCHF viruses isolated in South Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and India. The obtained materials will serve as the basis for the development of a strategy for epidemiological surveillance of natural focal infectious diseases in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Exploration of ways to preserve the collection strain of Тrypanosoma equiperdum in an out-of-body
Authors:   Kazakh Research-Scientific Veterinary Institute, Shalabaev B.A. , Berdiakhmetkyzy S. ,   Kazakh Research-Scientific Veterinary Institute
Published: May 2022

The article discusses results of the research work carried out at the Kazakh Veterinary Research Institute to consider the methods of storage and maintenance of the stored collection strain of Тrypanosoma equiperdum in artificial nutrient media or at low temperatures (liquid nitrogen -196 0C). During storage, it is important that the strain fully preserves their growth, morphological, biological, toxic, antigenic and pathogenic properties. A diagnostic drug of high sensitivity and specificity is prepared from a strain that has completely preserved its properties.Breeding stallions and mares that have had trypanosomiasis are not amenable to treatment. Of great importance is the diagnosticum used for the examination of animals to prevent the disease. The collection strain of Тrypanosoma equiperdum used in practice is stored only in a living organism, that is, in the body of laboratory animals (white mouse, rat and guinea pig). In this regard, the search for alternative ways of its development and storage is an urgent task. The conducted scientific studies on the preservation of viruses and bacteria in various nutrient media and at low temperatures (-196 oC) are found in literary sources.For the first time, we conducted a study of ways to preserve the Тrypanosoma equiperdum strain outside of a living organism (laboratory animals). Blood parasites of Тrypanosoma equiperdum were first isolated from the genital tract of a sick mare, which were initially transmitted to a rabbit by vaccination in several stages in order to adapt to them a white mouse, rat, guinea pig. Currently, this strain of trypanosomes is stored in the laboratory of parasitology of Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute. The strain of Тrypanosoma equiperdum is very intolerant to the external environment, it does not form spore capsules. A sample of blood parasites from an infected mouse is inactivated within 1.5-2 hours, that is, it dies, so it is scientifically important to find ways to preserve it outside the body.
Screening of genotypes of rice with colored pericarp for amylose content
Authors:   Kazakh National Agrarian Research  University, Berkimbay Kh.A. , Ussenbekov B.N. ,   Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Amirova A.K. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: May 2022

Rice is one of the oldest crops. Starch and protein are among the main components of grains. In addition, it contains vitamins, minerals and fats. The criteria for high quality rice vary from country to country. For example, in the Philippines, Bangladesh and India, a preference is given to rice with a high amylose content. In Japan, Egypt and Korea, a preference is given to low-amylose varieties. All varieties are used in China, Myanmar, Nepal and Malaysia. Starch is a major contributor to the culinary and nutritional quality of rice. In cereal grains, starch consists of C6 sugar, which is polymerized into endosperm starch granules. There are two types of polymerization: straight-chain amylose and amylopectin with branched-chain sugar molecules that are linked by glycosidic bonds. The light-optical properties of the caryopsis depend on the type of starch polymerization. In caryopses that contain 20-30% amylose, the endosperm is transparent, and with waxy starches, it is cloudy. According to the composition of starch, grains are divided into glutinous and non-glutinous. However, there are many intermediate forms. One of the important indicators and a good indicator for assessing the quality of grain is the content of amylose. The culinary advantages of rice cereals (coefficient of water absorption and weld, taste and consistency of porridge) depend on the content of amylose. In Kazakhstan, targeted studies have not been carried out to determine the quantitative content of amylose in rice genotypes with a colored pericarp. Therefore, the authors undertook biochemical screening for amylose content in rice genotypes with a stained pericarp and their parental forms. The article presents results of biochemical analysis of generations F6-F7 hybrids with stained pericarp for amylose content. As a result of the study, it was revealed that among the studied rice samples there are no high amylose genotypes, and the amylose content ranges from 0 to 24.5%. In terms of amylose content, the studied rice genotypes were classified into 4 groups.
Selection of consortia based on effective strains of Trichoderma fungi to create a biofungicide
Authors:   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Yerpasheva D.M. , Shumenova N.Zh. ,   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Bostubayeva M.B. ,   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Makenova M.M. ,   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Nauanova A.P. ,   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University
Published: May 2022

As an agrarian country, Kazakhstan has sufficient resources to produce high quality organic products which are in demand in foreign markets and can be sold at higher price in comparison with inorganic analogue. The use of biological plant protection measures will improve the quality of produced organic products, as well as will positively effect on soil recovery. Fungi of the genus Trichoderma are effective antagonists of many fungal pathogens of crops and natural alternative of chemical fungicides, characterized by rapid growth on cheap nutrient media. Studies all over the world show that consortia consisting of several microbial species or strains are more effective as a biological plant protection measure than preparations comprising a single microbial species or strain. Thus, the possibility of cultivating three different Trichoderma strains without inhabiting the growth and development of each individual strain as part of a separate consortium was studied by the method of counter cultures. As a result of the studies performed, three most compatible consortia numbered 2, 3 and 4 were selected, without noticeable suppression of the growth of each strain. Studies have also shown abundant growth and sporulation of Trichoderma strains on organic nutrient media based on bran and oat flour, rather than on synthetic Czapek-Dox medium. The selected consortia will be used in further research to identify their antagonistic properties in relation to various pathogens of agricultural crops. Moreover, the most optimal conditions will be determined, providing many conidia with a long shelf life.
The under-researched barrier function of the mucus layer
Authors:   Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Krivova N.A. , Zaeva O.B. ,   Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Pavlenko O.A. ,   Siberian State Medical University
Published: May 2022

The mucus layer covers all the internal surfaces of the body. The surfaces communicate with the external environment. The functions of the mucus layer are determined by its components, including glycoproteins that provide physical and chemical protection to the epithelium. The glycoproteins also perform the exchange function with the external environment. Even at the dawn of evolution, glycoproteins were exteriorly organized to protect the first multicellular animals from external microorganisms, pathogens, and toxins. It is interesting to note that the structure of the glycoproteins has similarities with the structure of antibodies, especially in terms of the relatively constant polypeptide chain and its glycosylated sections, containing oligosaccharide chains with different variants of monosaccharides. The review discusses modern concepts of the mucus layer evolution, the structure of glycoproteins, the peculiarities of its synthesis, degradation, and under-researched functions of the mucus layer. It is assumed that the mucus layer has virucidal and bactericidal capabilities due to circulating enzymes of the digestive tract, which can accumulate in the mucus layer and degrade any microorganisms, regardless of their variation, mutations, and recombination. Therefore, the normal production of digestive tract enzymes can provide non-specific protection from external pathogens entering through open systems of the body. Understanding these processes can significantly limit the spread of existing and new infections.
A poesía medieval galega vista desde os relanzos derradeiros do século XX
Authors: Méndez Ferrín Xosé Luís , Lorenzo Ramón
Published: May 2022

Discurso lido no acto da súa recepción pública polo ilustrísimo señor don Xosé Luís Méndez Ferrín e resposta do excelentísimo señor don Ramón Lorenzo Vázquez. O solemne acto académico no que foron lidos os dous discursos recolleitos no presente volume celebrouse o día 30 de setembro de 2000 no Salón de Actos da Real Academia Galega.
Antiguallas de Galicia: apuntes acerca del origen e historia del artículo definido gallego-portugués
Authors: Martínez Salazar Andrés
Published: May 2022

Conferencia impartida por Andrés Martínez Salazar na xunta ordinaria da Real Academia Galega o día 3 de xuño de 1907.
L'efficacia del trattamento comunitario delle dipendenze. Analisi di follow-up nella comunità "Casa di Giano" di Trento
Authors: Simula Antonio , Lunesu Laura
Published: May 2022

Introduction. The issue of assessing effectiveness is attracting more and more interest in those who work in the addiction field. From an economic point of view, there is now a need to keep public expenditure as low as possible. All states need to find the best possible treatment in terms of maximum effectiveness at a minimum cost, which means spending the money allocated in the best possible way. In order to make this possible, it seems necessary to think of an effective type of intervention defined as such when it reaches the objective for which it was implemented.Materials and method. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic programs activated at the therapeutic community "Casa di Giano" of a sample of 48 subjects who have carried out a therapeutic path in the period between 2014 and 2018. To carry out the follow-up, a structured questionnaire has been developed, consisting of 44 questions, administered by telephone interview.Results. The majority of the subjects who have carried out a therapeutic path in "Casa di Giano" are mostly males and in almost three-quarters of cases, the sending to "Casa di Giano" by the local services was requested for a problem related to an alcohol addiction. Those who enter the community have a low level of education, are unemployed and have no stable relationship. Age differences are observed in genders with a male population tending to be younger than the female population.Conclusions. The results of the study made it possible to clearly outline the characteristics of the respondents and to investigate their condition of well-being in the period following the conclusion of the therapeutic program at "Casa di Giano" highlighting that the maintenance of abstinence in the post-community period is associated with the completion of residential treatment, the duration of treatment and participation in another therapeutic program of recovery from addiction (e.g. Ser.D., A.A., C.A.T. etc.).
Problematizzare la coesione sociale urbana attraverso l'engagement collettivo e la responsabilità condivisa. I casi di due Social Street italiane
Authors: Ganugi Giulia , Prandini Riccardo
Published: May 2022

Questo contributo riflette sulla coesione sociale, indagando i processi che ne favoriscono lo sviluppo a scala locale tramite le dimensioni di engagement collettivo e responsabilità condivisa. Il quadro concettuale viene applicato a due Social Street con una metodologia qualitativa. I risultati evidenziano la contingenza di engagement collettivo e responsabilità condivisa, la genesi di episodi di coesione sociale e l'importanza di interfacce riflessive tra gli attori comunitari e istituzionali.
Quasi-Rational and Rational Solutions to the Defocusing Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: GAİLLARD Pierre
Published: May 2022

Quasi-rational solutions to the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation (dNLS) in terms of wronskians and Fredholm determinants of order $2N$ depending on $2N-2$ real parameters are given. We get families of quasi-rational solutions to the dNLS equation expressed as a quotient of two polynomials of degree $N(N+1)$ in the variables $x$ and $t$. We present also rational solutions as a quotient of determinants involving certain particular polynomials.
ENHANCING STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD BIOLOGY USING CONSENSUS AND COOPERATIVE REFLECTIVE JOURNAL WRITING EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES
Authors: Adejimi Saheed Ayodeji , Nzabalirwa Wenceslas , Shivoga William A.
Published: May 2022

Biology is a core and required science subject offered at the upper secondary school level in the Nigerian educational system. However, students’ attitude towards the subject is poor, a trend probably due to the use of teacher-centred educational strategies. Scholars have thus advocated for the need to adopt innovative educational strategies to enhance students’ attitude towards biology. This study investigated the use of consensus and cooperative reflective journal writing educational strategies in enhancing students’ attitudes towards biology in two Local Government Areas (LGAs) within Ibadan Metropolis of Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted a quantitative pre-test-post-test, control group quasi-experimental design involving a 3x2 factorial matrix, with a positivist paradigm. Purposive sampling was used to select six schools across the LGAs while an intact class of upper secondary school II students was selected from each of the schools for a total of 305 participants. Two instruments, the Biology Attitude Questionnaire (BAQ) and the Students’ Verbal Ability Test (SVAT) were used during the study. The data generated were analysed using the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Results showed that, treatments enhance students’ attitudes toward biology. Results also revealed that students’ verbal ability has effect on students’ attitudes toward biology. The interaction between treatment and verbal ability was not significant to enhance students’ attitudes toward biology. The two strategies, therefore, enhanced students’ attitude towards Biology in the two LGAs within Ibadan metropolis of Oyo State, Nigeria. The two strategies should therefore be adopted in teaching Biology to upper secondary school students in Nigeria and elsewhere. Keywords: attitude toward biology, consensus strategy, cooperative strategy, reflective journal writing, verbal ability
STUDY AS AN EDUCATIONAL LEISURE ACTIVITY: THE CASE OF ISRAELI SOCIETY
Authors: Alkan Ora , Kushnir Talma , Davidovitch Nitza
Published: May 2022

The research literature on leisure indicates that it is perceived differently by sector and culture. In Israel, one’s affiliation with religious or non-religious groups affects one’s perception of leisure and its legitimacy. The common activities of religious and secular people include studies in general, and Torah study in particular, as activities carried out by choice and for pleasure. In this research Torah study is considered in its wide meaning, as including all traditional Jewish texts. The research sought to try and understand various characteristics of people who study Torah as a leisure activity and to illuminate aspects rarely addressed in the academic literature, mainly students' perception of study efforts, importance of studies, the contribution of studies and satisfaction with studies. The sample included 234 respondents divided into three groups: Torah students (56) who were studying in a hevruta (collaborative) format, Torah students (50) who were studying a course by participating in lectures, and a control group (128) who were studying other theoretical topics by participating in lectures. The findings of this research indicate that Torah study nowadays takes place not only as an obligation but rather also as an elective activity in formal courses and hevruta study groups – an activity that transcends the religious dimension and involves a choice and pleasure for all learners. Additionally, Torah students perceived their studies as having greater contribution, more important and more satisfying than students of non-Torah subjects. The method of study (collaborative vs lectures) did not affect these perceptions. The findings may have applied implications beneficial to society in general. The research findings illuminate the potential of Torah study as a leisure activity and its capacity to unite various sectors in Israeli society.
Keywords: leisure activity, culture, religious, Israeli society, Torah study
Actividades deportivas militares para mejorar el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de la Escuela Naval
Authors: Merino Narváez Welinton Cristóbal , Merino Narváez Bayardo Asdrúbal , Castillo de la Rosa Francis Lenora , Balseca Aulestia Luis Alfonso
Published: May 2022

La investigación tiene importancia en el análisis profundo de las actividades deportivas militares para mejorar el rendimiento académico de los guardiamarinas de la Escuela Superior Naval. Las causas que producen un deficiente rendimiento académico de los deportistas al pertenecer una selección son muchas, pero entre las más comunes están: impuntualidad en la presentación de tareas, no tener hábitos de estudio, irresponsabilidad académica, faltas consecutivas a clases de asignaturas con un mayor grado de dificultad. Las consecuencias académica produce gran cantidad de repitencia y deserción estudiantil, todos estos resultados son expuestos y documentados en las tabulaciones realizadas de las encuestas, Además busca el mejoramiento del rendimiento académico estudiantil a través de los beneficios que tiene la actividad deportiva militar en el desempeño físico y académico de los deportistas, la disciplina de natación, pentatlón militar, orientación militar son deportes que desarrollan extraordinarios resultados para su proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje
The Dynamics of Cultural Writing in Postmodernity
Authors: Cârstea Daniela
Published: May 2022

The article investigates the upheaval generated by the change of epistemes, from modernity to postmodernity (structuralism to poststructuralism) at the level where it is not only self-assumed, but also stated: at the writing level. On final analysis, the outlines of what might be called the “agenda” of poststructuralism will reveal an opposition to meaning, to rigid structure, to universality, to transcendence and an embracing of endless difference, of free play, of irreducible immanence, or ‘here and now’ within-the-world-ness. It conceptualises the relation to the other in general. The cultural writing thus becomes a companionship, hospitable to the movement of otherness.
Representation of the Other Reproduce Inequalities: A Case Study of the Dictator Film in Terms of Orientalism
Authors: Hassan Dina
Published: May 2022

Representing the other in media is the process of exchanging culture, it gives us information about the unknown, ‘the other’ creating a certain image about them, this image evolves till it becomes their stereotype. Stereotypes are a form of media representation, which is often inaccurate, negative, partial and limited. Which is what happened with the Orient, as Edward Said in his pioneer work ‘Orientalism’ explains. This article focuses on the formation of stereotypes and misrepresentations of the Arabs in Hollywood movies taking Larry Charles’s film dictator (Charles, 2012) as a case study. The paper argues that increasing the representation of the other can reproduce inequality as it was the case in the film. The paper applies Edward Said’s Orientalism and Stuart Hall’s work to shed the light on the traditional stereotype of representing Arabs in the film. Textual analysis is used to analysis the representation of the character traits of the protagonists and the representation of the Arab countries in relation to Orientalism. The paper will focus on the representation of the character traits of the protagonist, representation of Arab countries in relation to Orientalism and creation of stereotypes.
A Narrative Approach to Understanding the Development of Cultural Intelligence Among Migrant Domestic Workers
Authors: Domingo Samantha Justine , Estabaya Julienne , Medrana Margarita
Published: May 2022

Filipino migrants all over the world naturally engage in encounters that necessitate the use of cultural intelligence (CQ) or the ability to interact effectively with people who are culturally different. Studies have shown that CQ improves the well-being of workers and aids in their adjustment in foreign environments. This study examines CQ development among migrant domestic workers who worked in Middle Eastern, East Asian, and Southeast Asian countries. A narrative approach was utilized to make sense of the data gathered from the semi-structured interviews with twelve migrant Filipina domestic workers. Findings show that trainings prior to migration, self-initiated strategies for cultural learning, environmental factors, pagtitiis or perseverance during migration, and adopting cultural values from their former host countries are crucial in the development of their CQ. This study highlights the need for further research on the development of CQ in the informal migrant sector. Our findings contribute to the dearth of qualitative research on CQ and its development, and these may be useful for manpower agencies and governments with migrant workers.
JUDICIAL PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT OF THE POPULATION TO TERRITORIAL SELF-ORGANIZATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT PRACTICE
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russia, UMNOVA-KONIUKHOVA IRINA , SVETLANA POPOVA
Published: May 2022

Purpose of the study. The article examines topical problems of judicial protection of the population's right to territorial self-organization. This research seems to be relevant in connection with the problems that have arisen in practice, which require a comprehensive substantiation of the constitutional content of the population's right to territorial self-organization and an assessment of the existing judicial practice of considering territorial disputes in the system of local self-government in the Russian Federation. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the provisions of Federal Law No. 131-ФЗ as amended by Federal Law No. 87-ФЗ dated 05/01/2019 and the judicial practice of recognizing a decision of a representative body as a form of consent of the population to change the boundaries of municipalities contradicts the constitutional right of the population on territorial self-organization. Such forms of democracy as a local referendum, general municipal discussion by the population or a general municipal poll should have an advantage, which will maximize the involvement of residents in resolving issues of the territorial structure at the municipal level.
NORTHERN SEA ROUTE: CLASSIFICATION OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
Authors:   St. Petersburg University of State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, METELKOV ALEXANDER
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the work is to study the theoretical problem concerning the completeness of the classification of emergency situations in relation to maritime spaces in the Arctic zone, and to develop on this basis scientific proposals for improving Russian legislation. The relevance of the chosen topic is predetermined by the increasing importance of the Northern Sea Route as a global transport communication in the face of the possibility of occurrence in the Arctic as a result of climate change and anthropogenic impact of events that entail catastrophic environmental consequences, the formation of global risks for the economy, population, environment and state security. The relevance of the proposed materials is due to the implementation of large-scale economic and environmental projects by Russia, the provision of defense and security, the sea transportation of hydrocarbons, and potential terrorist threats. The classification of situations serves as the basis for management decisions on rescuing people at sea, protecting the environment and eliminating oil spills in difficult environmental conditions. Classification as a method of scientific knowledge correlates with the goals of its application, which determines its scientific and practical significance in this work. As a result of the analysis of regulatory legal acts and scientific publications, the author identified a gap in the classification of emergencies at sea and substantiated the conclusion that it is necessary to develop a proposal to fill it by improving legislation.
PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF THE TOOLS OF TAX AND CUSTOMS REGULATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, KOSTIN ALEKSEY
Published: May 2022

Purpose of the study. The article examines the problems of using the instruments of tax and customs regulation in the modern period of development of Russian foreign trade. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of this development, as well as to substantiate the directions and measures that provide a way out of the current situation. Of all the factors influencing the development of foreign trade, at present, the main ones are the nature of political relations between states and the multilevel implementation of the achievements of scientific and technological progress. Modern sanctions against Russia show a high level of correlation between these factors. In particular, the imposition of a ban on the supply of equipment used in the mining industry to Russia will inevitably in the future lead to the deterioration of existing equipment and to a reduction in the volume of raw materials production. If we imagine the degree of dependence of Russian exports on the supply of raw materials, then it is quite probable that the share of products produced in Russia on the foreign market will decrease, and hence the revenues to the revenues of the country's budget. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion about the confirmation of the hypothesis about the positive impact on the development of foreign trade of the introduction of new technologies into the activities of industrial enterprises. Meanwhile, the development of Russia's foreign trade is currently under threat in connection with the functioning of domestic enterprises in conditions of the risk of impact on their activities of economic sanctions. A separate danger for Russian exporters and importers is the supply of counterfeit goods both to the domestic market of Russia and to the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union.
THE ARTICLE EXAMINES THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL FACTORS ON THE DYNAMICS OF A COMPANY'S MARKET VALUE
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, FEDOTOVA MARINA , TAZIKHINA TATYANA
Published: May 2022

The article examines the influence of social, environmental and corporate governance factors on the dynamics of a company's market value. The relevance of the study is associated with sustainable development and the adoption of ESG principles in investment, valuation and financing. The article aims to study the impact of social and environmental factors on the formation of the company's market value. Companies in current conditions are the object of the study. The subject of the article is the transformation of the company's value formation processes influenced by social and environmental factors. The author concludes that there is a moderate relationship between SDS and the company's market value indicators. The study proves that meeting the ESG criteria has a negative impact on the market value of a company in the short term and positive in the long term.
Cryogel Scaffold-Mediated Delivery of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Promotes Healing in Murine Model of Atrophic Non-Union
Authors: Hixon Katherine R. , Katz Dakota B. , McKenzie Jennifer A. , Miller Anna N. , Guilak Farshid , Silva Matthew J.
Published: May 2022

Non-union is defined as the permanent failure of a bone to heal and occurs clinically in 5% of fractures. Atrophic non-unions, characterized by absent/minimal callus formation, are poorly understood and difficult to treat. We recently demonstrated a novel murine model of atrophic non-union in the 3.6Col1A1-tk (Col1-tk) mouse, wherein dosing with the nucleoside analog ganciclovir (GCV) was used to deplete proliferating osteoprogenitor cells, leading to a radiographic and biomechanical non-union after the mid-shaft femur fracture. Using this Col1-tk atrophic non-union model, we hypothesized that the scaffold-mediated lentiviral delivery of doxycycline-inducible BMP-2 transgenes would induce osteogenesis at the fracture site. Cryogel scaffolds were used as a vehicle for GFP+ and BMP-2+ cell delivery to the site of non-union. Cryogel scaffolds were biofabricated through the cross-linking of a chitosan–gelatin polymer solution at subzero temperatures, which results in a macroporous, spongy structure that may be advantageous for a bone regeneration application. Murine adipose-derived stem cells were seeded onto the cryogel scaffolds, where they underwent lentiviral transduction. Following the establishment of atrophic non-unions in the femurs of Col1-tk mice (4 weeks post-fracture), transduced, seeded scaffolds were surgically placed around the site of non-union, and the animals were given doxycycline water to induce BMP-2 production. Controls included GFP+ cells on the cryogel scaffolds, acellular scaffolds, and sham (no scaffold). Weekly radiographs were taken, and endpoint analysis included micro-CT and histological staining. After 2 weeks of implantation, the BMP-2+ scaffolds were infiltrated with cartilage and woven bone at the non-union site, while GFP+ scaffolds had woven bone formation. Later, timepoints of 8 weeks had woven bone and vessel formation within the BMP-2+ and GFP + scaffolds with cortical bridging of the original fracture site in both groups. Overall, the cell-seeded cryogels promoted osseous healing. However, while the addition of BMP-2 promoted the endochondral ossification, it may provide a slower route to healing. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential for cellularized cryogel scaffolds to enhance the healing of non-unions.
FAS2FURIOUS: Moderate-Throughput Secreted Expression of Difficult Recombinant Proteins in Drosophila S2 Cells
Authors: Coker Jesse A. , Katis Vittorio L. , Fairhead Michael , Schwenzer Anja , Clemmensen Stine B. , Frandsen Bent U. , de Jongh Willem A. , Gileadi Opher , Burgess-Brown Nicola A. , Marsden Brian D. , Midwood Kim S. , Yue Wyatt W.
Published: May 2022

Recombinant protein expression in eukaryotic insect cells is a powerful approach for producing challenging targets. However, due to incompatibility with standard baculoviral platforms and existing low-throughput methodology, the use of the Drosophila melanogaster “S2” cell line lags behind more common insect cell lines such as Sf9 or High-Five™. Due to the advantages of S2 cells, particularly for secreted and secretable proteins, the lack of a simple and parallelizable S2-based platform represents a bottleneck, particularly for biochemical and biophysical laboratories. Therefore, we developed FAS2FURIOUS, a simple and rapid S2 expression pipeline built upon an existing low-throughput commercial platform. FAS2FURIOUS is comparable in effort to simple E. coli systems and allows users to clone and test up to 46 constructs in just 2 weeks. Given the ability of S2 cells to express challenging targets, including receptor ectodomains, secreted glycoproteins, and viral antigens, FAS2FURIOUS represents an attractive orthogonal approach for protein expression in eukaryotic cells.
Cut and Paste: The Mexican Axolotl, Experimental Practices and the Long History of Regeneration Research in Amphibians, 1864-Present
Authors: Reiß Christian
Published: May 2022

The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is one of the most important models in contemporary regeneration research and regenerative medicine. This is the result of the long history of the species as an experimental and laboratory bred animal. One of many research questions investigated in the axolotl is regeneration. The species’ astonishing ability to regenerate tissues and entire body parts already became apparent shortly after the first 34 living axolotls had been brought from Mexico to Europe in 1864. In the context of their unclear status as larvae or adults and the mysterious transformation of some animals into an adult form, the Paris zoologist Auguste Duméril cut off the gills of several individuals in an attempt to artificially induce the metamorphosis. This produced the first reports on the animals’ regenerative powers and led to sporadic but continuous investigations. But it remained just one of the many phenomena studied in axolotls. Only at the beginning of the 20th century, regeneration became a more prominent aspect in the experimental investigations of axolotls. In experimental embryology, regeneration in axolotls was used in three different ways: it was studied as a phenomenon in its own right: more importantly, it served as a macroscopic model for normal development and, together with other techniques like grafting, became a technical object in the experimental systems of embryologists. In my paper, I will look into how the axolotl became an experimental animal in regeneration research, the role of practices and infrastructures in this process and the ways in which regeneration in the axolotl oscillated between epistemic thing and technical object.
Higenamine Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Remodeling and Myocyte Apoptosis by Suppressing AMPK Activation
Authors: Jin Cuiliu , Chai Yu , Hu Zhimin , Tian Wencong , Ling Wang , Li Jing , Wu Meiping
Published: May 2022

Background: As an effective antitumor drug, doxorubicin (DOX) is primarily used to treat solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However, increasing evidence has emerged indicating its cardiotoxicity, and few solutions have been proposed to counter this side effect. Higenamine (HG) is a natural compound widely found in many Chinese herbs and also serves as a component in many healthcare products. Several studies have demonstrated its cardioprotective effect in different models, but little is known about the underlying influences of HG against myocardial damage from DOX-induced chronic cardiotoxicity.

Methods and Results: C57BL/6 mice and neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVMs) were used to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of HG against DOX-induced myocardial damage. In mice, DOX (intraperitoneally injected 5 mg/kg every 3 days for 4 weeks) significantly increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac atrophy, and cardiac dysfunction, which were significantly attenuated by HG (intragastrically administered with 10 mg/kg every day for 4 weeks). In NRVMs, DOX (3 μM for 24 h) significantly increased cell apoptosis and the level of reactive oxygen species while reducing the level of superoxide dismutase and mitochondrial membrane potential. Remarkably, HG can reverse these pathological changes caused by DOX. Interestingly, the protective effect of HG on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity was independent of the activation of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), known for mediating the effect of HG on antagonizing ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac apoptosis. Furthermore, HG attenuated the abnormal activation of phosphorylated adenosine-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Consistently, AMPK agonists (AICAR) can eliminate these pharmacological actions of HG.

Conclusion: Collectively, our results suggested that HG alleviated DOX-induced chronic myocardial injury by suppressing AMPK activation and ROS production.
TEAD4 as an Oncogene and a Mitochondrial Modulator
Authors: Hsu Sheng-Chieh , Lin Ching-Yu , Lin Yen-Yi , Collins Colin C. , Chen Chia-Lin , Kung Hsing-Jien
Published: May 2022

TEAD4 (TEA Domain Transcription Factor 4) is well recognized as the DNA-anchor protein of YAP transcription complex, which is modulated by Hippo, a highly conserved pathway in Metazoa that controls organ size through regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. To acquire full transcriptional activity, TEAD4 requires co-activator, YAP (Yes-associated protein) or its homolog TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) the signaling hub that relays the extracellular stimuli to the transcription of target genes. Growing evidence suggests that TEAD4 also exerts its function in a YAP-independent manner through other signal pathways. Although TEAD4 plays an essential role in determining that differentiation fate of the blastocyst, it also promotes tumorigenesis by enhancing metastasis, cancer stemness, and drug resistance. Upregulation of TEAD4 has been reported in several cancers, including colon cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer and serves as a valuable prognostic marker. Recent studies show that TEAD4, but not other members of the TEAD family, engages in regulating mitochondrial dynamics and cell metabolism by modulating the expression of mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded electron transport chain genes. TEAD4’s functions including oncogenic activities are tightly controlled by its subcellular localization. As a predominantly nuclear protein, its cytoplasmic translocation is triggered by several signals, such as osmotic stress, cell confluency, and arginine availability. Intriguingly, TEAD4 is also localized in mitochondria, although the translocation mechanism remains unclear. In this report, we describe the current understanding of TEAD4 as an oncogene, epigenetic regulator and mitochondrial modulator. The contributing mechanisms will be discussed.
Polarity Events in the Drosophila melanogaster Oocyte
Authors: Milas Ana , Telley Ivo A.
Published: May 2022

Cell polarity is a pre-requirement for many fundamental processes in animal cells, such as asymmetric cell division, axon specification, morphogenesis and epithelial tissue formation. For all these different processes, polarization is established by the same set of proteins, called partitioning defective (Par) proteins. During development in Drosophila melanogaster, decision making on the cellular and organism level is achieved with temporally controlled cell polarization events. The initial polarization of Par proteins occurs as early as in the germline cyst, when one of the 16 cells becomes the oocyte. Another marked event occurs when the anterior–posterior axis of the future organism is defined by Par redistribution in the oocyte, requiring external signaling from somatic cells. Here, we review the current literature on cell polarity events that constitute the oogenesis from the stem cell to the mature egg.
The TRiCky Business of Protein Folding in Health and Disease
Authors: Ghozlan Heba , Cox Amanda , Nierenberg Daniel , King Stephen , Khaled Annette R.
Published: May 2022

Maintenance of the cellular proteome or proteostasis is an essential process that when deregulated leads to diseases like neurological disorders and cancer. Central to proteostasis are the molecular chaperones that fold proteins into functional 3-dimensional (3D) shapes and prevent protein aggregation. Chaperonins, a family of chaperones found in all lineages of organisms, are efficient machines that fold proteins within central cavities. The eukaryotic Chaperonin Containing TCP1 (CCT), also known as Tailless complex polypeptide 1 (TCP-1) Ring Complex (TRiC), is a multi-subunit molecular complex that folds the obligate substrates, actin, and tubulin. But more than folding cytoskeletal proteins, CCT differs from most chaperones in its ability to fold proteins larger than its central folding chamber and in a sequential manner that enables it to tackle proteins with complex topologies or very large proteins and complexes. Unique features of CCT include an asymmetry of charges and ATP affinities across the eight subunits that form the hetero-oligomeric complex. Variable substrate binding capacities endow CCT with a plasticity that developed as the chaperonin evolved with eukaryotes and acquired functional capacity in the densely packed intracellular environment. Given the decades of discovery on the structure and function of CCT, much remains unknown such as the scope of its interactome. New findings on the role of CCT in disease, and potential for diagnostic and therapeutic uses, heighten the need to better understand the function of this essential molecular chaperone. Clues as to how CCT causes cancer or neurological disorders lie in the early studies of the chaperonin that form a foundational knowledgebase. In this review, we span the decades of CCT discoveries to provide critical context to the continued research on the diverse capacities in health and disease of this essential protein-folding complex.