bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Half-metallicity induced by boron adsorption on an Fe3O4(100) surface
Authors: Sun X. , Pratt A. , Yamauchi Y.
Published: May 2015

Spin polarization of the Fe3O4(100) surface is enhanced by B adsorption through the opening of the spin-up band gap.
Synthesis of CuInS2nanocrystals from a molecular complex – characterization of the orthorhombic domain structure
Authors: Cholula-Díaz Jorge L. , Wagner Gerald , Friedrich Dirk , Oeckler Oliver , Krautscheid Harald
Published: May 2015

HRTEM images and SAED patterns reveal the orthorhombic domain structure of CuInS2nanoparticles.
Immune activity of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) glycoprotein after enzymatic and chemical modifications
Authors: Xia Xuejuan , Li Guannan , Zheng Jiong , Wu Jinsong , Kan Jianquan
Published: May 2015

Immune activity of SPG-1 after its protein or carbohydrate portions modified by enzymatic or chemical treatments. Note: a and b: P < 0.01 and 0.05 compared with NC group, respectivily; c and d: P < 0.01 and 0.05 compared with untreated group, respectivily.
Well plate-based perfusion culture device for tissue and tumor microenvironment replication
Authors: Zhang W. , Gu Y. , Hao Y. , Sun Q. , Konior K. , Wang H. , Zilberberg J. , Lee W. Y.
Published: May 2015

We present a multipurpose 96-well plate-based perfusion culture device for tissue and tumor microenvironment replication.
Catalytic activity of HKUST-1 in the oxidation of trans-ferulic acid to vanillin
Authors: Yepez Rebeca , García Salvador , Schachat Persi , Sánchez-Sánchez Manuel , González-Estefan Juan H. , González-Zamora Eduardo , Ibarra Ilich A. , Aguilar-Pliego Julia
Published: May 2015

HKUST-1 was used as a catalyst in the conversion, under mild oxidation conditions, of trans-ferulic acid to vanillin. When catalyst was activated under vacuum, the average reaction yield reached 95%.
Magnetic amphiphilic nanocomposites based on silica–carbon for sulphur contaminant oxidation
Authors: Oliveira Aline A. S. , Christofani Taís , Teixeira Ivo F. , Ardisson José D. , Moura Flávia C. C.
Published: May 2015

Magnetic amphiphilic nanocomposites based on silica–carbon promote the desulfurization of diesel fuel and their activity is enhanced by Mo nuclei supported on the surface.
A highly enantioselective Michael reaction between α,β-unsaturated ketones and malonic acid half-thioesters
Authors: Ren Qiao , Gao Tao , Li Wenjun , Wan Li , Hu Yimin , Peng Yanhong , Sun Shaofa , Hu Liqiang , Wu Minghu , Guo Haibing , Wang Jian
Published: May 2015

An organocatalytic Michael reaction of enones and malonic acid half thioesters catalyzed by a chiral amine has been developed.
An all-copper plasmonic sandwich system obtained through directly depositing copper NPs on a CVD grown graphene/copper film and its application in SERS
Authors: Li Xuanhua , Ren Xingang , Zhang Yongxing , Choy Wallace C. H. , Wei Bingqing
Published: May 2015

The largest SERS enhancement (107) has been obtained by tuning the incidence angle in a simple, low-cost, all-copper sandwich system.
Compliments of confinements: substitution and dimension induced magnetic origin and band-bending mediated photocatalytic enhancements in Bi1−xDyxFeO3 particulate and fiber nanostructures
Authors: Sakar M. , Balakumar S. , Saravanan P. , Bharathkumar S.
Published: May 2015

We have demonstrated the dimension dependent structural, optical, magnetic and sunlight-driven photocatalytic properties of Dy-substituted BiFeO3 particulate and fiber nanostructures.
Definitive proof of graphene hydrogenation by Clemmensen reduction: use of deuterium labeling
Authors: Sofer Zdeněk , Jankovský Ondřej , Libánská Alena , Šimek Petr , Nováček Michal , Sedmidubský David , Macková Anna , Mikšová Romana , Pumera Martin
Published: May 2015

Clemmensen reduction is efficient method for synthesis of partially hydrogenated graphene.
IL-derived N, S co-doped ordered mesoporous carbon for high-performance oxygen reduction
Authors: Yang Wenxiu , Yue Xiaoyu , Liu Xiangjian , Zhai Junfeng , Jia Jianbo
Published: May 2015

The N, S co-doped OMC exhibits comparable ORR activity and better stability than the Pt/C catalyst in alkaline solution.
Large-area synthesis of monolayered MoS2(1−x)Se2x with a tunable band gap and its enhanced electrochemical catalytic activity
Authors: Yang Lei , Fu Qi , Wang Wenhui , Huang Jian , Huang Jianliu , Zhang Jingyu , Xiang Bin
Published: May 2015

“Band gap engineering” in two-dimensional (2D) materials plays an important role in tailoring their physical and chemical properties.
Tetrahydrofuran amino acid-containing gramicidin S analogues with improved biological profiles
Authors: Pal Sudip , Singh Gajendra , Singh Shyam , Tripathi Jitendra Kumar , Ghosh Jimut Kanti , Sinha Sudhir , Ampapathi Ravi Sankar , Chakraborty Tushar Kanti
Published: May 2015

Replacement of thed-Phe-Pro units of GS with novel C6-Bn-substituted tetrahydrofuran amino acid minimized its cytotoxicity while preserving its antimicrobial activity, with a few analogs showing selective anti-TB activity as well.
A dinuclear gold(i) complex as a novel photoredox catalyst for light-induced atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Nzulu Frida , Telitel Sofia , Stoffelbach François , Graff Bernadette , Morlet-Savary Fabrice , Lalevée Jacques , Fensterbank Louis , Goddard Jean-Philippe , Ollivier Cyril
Published: May 2015

The highly active photocatalyst [Au2(dppm)2]Cl2 is able to efficiently promote controlled/living photoATRP of acrylates and methacrylates.
l-Lactide polymerization studied by 1H NMR with diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY): a “One NMR Tube Experiment” providing data on monomer conversion, polymer structure, Mn and Mw
Authors: Lewinski P. , Sosnowski S. , Kazmierski S. , Penczek S.
Published: May 2015

The standard NMR and DOSY techniques allowed for the first time the on-line study of the polymerization kinetics together with the determination of number average molar mass Mn and mass average molar mass Mw.
Synthesis and bioactivity of a conjugate composed of green tea catechins and hyaluronic acid
Authors: Lee Fan , Lim Jaehong , Reithofer Michael R. , Lee Su Seong , Chung Joo Eun , Hauser Charlotte A. E. , Kurisawa Motoichi
Published: May 2015

An amine-functionalized EGCG dimer was synthesized for the conjugation to HA. The resulting HA–EGCG conjugates could scavenge radicals effectively.
Unprecedented formation of organo-ruthenium(ii) complexes containing 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde S-benzyldithiocarbazate: synthesis, X-ray crystal structure, DFT study and their biological activities in vitro
Authors: Vijayan Paranthaman , Viswanathamurthi Periasamy , Sugumar Paramasivam , Ponnuswamy Mondikalipudur Nanjappagounder , Balakumaran Manickam Dakshinamoorthi , Kalaichelvan Pudupalayam Thangavelu , Velmurugan Krishnaswamy , Nandhakumar Raju , Butcher Ray Jay
Published: May 2015

We report the unprecedented formation of ruthenium(ii) complexes containing dithiocarbazate ligand, together with their DFT and biological studies.
Novel, fast-processed crystalline and amorphous manganese oxide nanoparticles for stem cell labeling
Authors: Rosenholm Jessica M. , Korpi Riikka M. , Lammentausta Eveliina , Lehtonen Siri , Lehenkari Petri , Niemi Rasmus , Xiao Wangchuan , Zhang Jixi , Lindberg Desiré , Gu Hongchen , Sahlgren Cecilia , Blanco Sequeiros Roberto
Published: May 2015

MnO(x) nanostructures were developed to be utilized as contrast agents for cellular labeling and tracking by MR-imaging.
Osteoblast compatibility of minerals substituted hydroxyapatite reinforced poly(sorbitol sebacate adipate) nanocomposites for bone tissue application
Authors: Govindaraj Dharman , Rajan Mariappan , Munusamy Murugan A. , Balakumaran Manickam Dakshinamoorthi , Kalaichelvan Pudhupalayam Thangavelu
Published: May 2015

The main focus of this investigation is to explore novel minerals (M) substituted hydroxyapatite (M-HAP) as reinforcing agents to strengthen poly(sorbitol sebacate adipate) (PSSA), a biodegradable polymer for soft and hard tissue applications.
Identification of disinfection by-product precursors from the discharge of a coking wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Lin Chong , Zhuo Xianrong , Yu Xubiao , Yuan Mengyang , Wei Chaohai
Published: May 2015

The discharge of a coking wastewater treatment plant is a new point source for DBP precursors.
Determination of the optimal dosing time of ferric nitrate on disinhibition of excessive volatile fatty acids in autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion for sewage sludge
Authors: Jin Ningben , Shao Yawen , Zhu Jun , Shou Zongqi , Yuan Haiping , Zhu Nanwen
Published: May 2015

Optimal timing of ferric nitrate addition on disinhibition of excessive VFAs for enhancement of ATAD performance.
Interface engineering and efficiency improvement of monolayer graphene–silicon solar cells by inserting an ultra-thin LiF interlayer
Authors: Xu Dikai , Yu Xuegong , Zuo Lijian , Yang Deren
Published: May 2015

A thin LiF layer can suppress the back surface recombination and improve the efficiency of Gr–Si solar cells.
Magnetic Co–Fe bimetallic nanoparticle containing modifiable microgels for the removal of heavy metal ions, organic dyes and herbicides from aqueous media
Authors: Ajmal M. , Siddiq M. , Aktas N. , Sahiner N.
Published: May 2015

Poly(methacrylic-co-acrylonitrile) (p(MAc-co-AN)) microgels were prepared and nitrile groups were converted to amidoxime groups by chemical modification.
Enzyme immobilization on silicate glass through simple adsorption of dendronized polymer–enzyme conjugates for localized enzymatic cascade reactions
Authors: Küchler Andreas , Adamcik Jozef , Mezzenga Raffaele , Schlüter A. Dieter , Walde Peter
Published: May 2015

Conjugation of enzymes to a dendronized polymerviabis-aryl hydrazone bonds enables simple and stable enzyme immobilisation on unmodified glass.
Microwave mediated solvent free synthesis of formazans catalyzed by simple ionic liquids derived from dialkylammonium salts
Authors: Das Pranab Jyoti , Begum Jesmin
Published: May 2015

Microwave assisted solvent free one pot synthesis of formazans, catalysed by ionic liquid is reported for the first time.
NaTi3FeO8: a novel anode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Hou Junke , Niu Yubin , Yi Fenglian , Liu Sangui , Li Yutao , He Hong , Xu Maowen
Published: May 2015

A novel NaTi3FeO8material is explored as an anode for sodium-ion batteries for the first time.
Effective regulation of the micro-structure of thick P3HT:PC71BM film by the incorporation of ethyl benzenecarboxylate in toluene solution
Authors: Shen Wenfei , Xiao Manjun , Tang Jianguo , Wang Xinzhi , Chen Weichao , Yang Renqiang , Bao Xichang , Wang Yao , Jiao Jiqing , Huang Linjun , Liu Jixian , Wang Wei , Belfiore Laurence A.
Published: May 2015

In this work, ethyl benzenecarboxylate (EB) was creatively selected as the additive in a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene)/phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PC71BM) in non-halogenated solvent toluene (TL).
Correction: Synergistic effect of carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes on improving thermal stability and flame retardancy of polypropylene: a combination of a physical network and chemical crosslinking
Authors: Gong Jiang , Niu Ran , Wen Xin , Yang Hongfan , Liu Jie , Chen Xuecheng , Sun Zhao-Yan , Mijowska Ewa , Tang Tao
Published: May 2015

Correction for ‘Synergistic effect of carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes on improving thermal stability and flame retardancy of polypropylene: a combination of a physical network and chemical crosslinking’ by Jiang Gong et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 5484–5493.
Soft hydrogen bonds to alkenes: the methanol–ethene prototype under experimental and theoretical scrutiny
Authors: Heger Matthias , Mata Ricardo A. , Suhm Martin A.
Published: May 2015

Theory meets experiment for the simplest model of alcohol–alkene hydrogen bonding and both support a close to harmonic description.
Charge transfer versus molecular conductance: molecular orbital symmetry turns quantum interference rules upside down
Authors: Gorczak Natalie , Renaud Nicolas , Tarkuç Simge , Houtepen Arjan J. , Eelkema Rienk , Siebbeles Laurens D. A. , Grozema Ferdinand C.
Published: May 2015

Molecular orbital symmetry considerations can strongly affect the nature of quantum interference effects in charge transfer..
Vesicle dynamics in uniform electric fields: squaring and breathing
Authors: McConnell Lane C. , Vlahovska Petia M. , Miksis Michael J.
Published: May 2015

We computationally investigate the dynamics of a vesicle exposed to uniform DC or AC electric fields. Our simulations capture the “squaring” phenomenon, in which vesicles deform into rectangular profiles with corner-like regions of high curvature, as vesicles undergo dynamic transitions between oblate and prolate ellipsoidal shapes. In AC field, this occurs periodically resembling “breathing”.
Structural rearrangement in the aqueous solution of surface active ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate
Authors: Yin Tianxiang , Wu Jiequn , Wang Shuzhen , Shen Weiguo
Published: May 2015

The insertion of cations into the aggregates resulted in the structural rearrangement at two-fold CAC in C4mim–AOT aqueous solution.
Correction: Enhancement of charge photo-generation and transport via an internal network of Sb2Se3/Cu2GeSe3 heterojunctions
Authors: Zhang Xianghua , Xu Yang , Shen Qianhong , Fan Bo , Qiao Xusheng , Fan Xianping , Yang Hui , Luo Qun , Calvez Laurent , Ma Hongli , Cathelinaud Michel , Simon Jean-Jacques
Published: May 2015

Correction for ‘Enhancement of charge photo-generation and transport via an internal network of Sb2Se3/Cu2GeSe3 heterojunctions’ by Xianghua Zhang et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014, 2, 17099–17106.
Thermo and pH dual-controlled charge reversal amphiphilic graft copolymer micelles for overcoming drug resistance in cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Fan Xiaodong , Li Fei , Suo Rongtian , Li Hui , Yang Zhen , Zhang Wanbin , Bai Yang , Tian Wei
Published: May 2015

A novel thermo and pH dual-controlled charge reversal PSMA89-g-P(DMA16-co-SD56) graft copolymer micelle was developed with effectively enhanced cellular uptake for overcoming multi-drug resistance in cancer cells.
Robust output‐feedback attitude control of a three‐degree‐of‐freedom helicopter via sliding‐mode observation technique
Authors: Li Zhan , Yu Jinyong , Xing Xing , Gao Huijun
Published: May 2015

A robust output‐feedback attitude controller for three‐degree‐of‐freedom laboratory helicopter is proposed in this study. The laboratory helicopter has three rotational degree‐of‐freedom and preserves essential control challenges in the attitude control of actual helicopter. An output injection sliding‐mode observer is developed to estimate the angular velocities and the external disturbances in finite time. The estimations are used to construct a robust LQR controller that requires angular position measurements only and compensates the external disturbances. The finite time asymptotic convergence of the observed states and disturbances to the actual values is proved and the results are verified numerically through simulation.
Design and analysis of networked non‐linear predictive control systems
Authors: Liu Guo‐Ping
Published: May 2015

This study is concerned with the control problem of networked non‐linear systems with communication delay and data dropout. A networked non‐linear predictive control scheme is proposed to compensate for communication delay and data dropout actively rather than passively. The stability analysis shows that the stability problem of the closed‐loop networked non‐linear predictive control system is converted to the one of a conventional non‐linear control system without network. The simulations illustrate that the proposed scheme can compensate for communication delay and data dropout, and achieve the same control performance of the local closed‐loop control system without network.
Anterior Reconstruction of C2–C3 Bodies in a 6-Year-Old Patient with a Huge Osteoblastoma: A Novel Technique
Authors: Haghnegahdar Ali , Sedighi Mahsa
Published: May 2015

Study Design

Case report.

Objective

We report the youngest child diagnosed with upper cervical osteoblastoma and the first case operated on with our novel surgical approach.

Methods

Our patient underwent a two-stage surgery. During the first operation via a posterior approach, a subtotal resection of a C2 bony mass was performed. C3 was also subtotally resected due to tumor extension. Posterior fixation of C1–C5 was performed by C1 sublaminar hooks and C4 and C5 lateral mass screws. Ten days later, a total resection of the residual bony mass was performed through an anterior approach (between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and carotid sheath). Reconstruction of C1–C3 was performed with C1 anterior sublaminar wiring and an expandable titanium cage.

Results

Successful reconstruction of C2–C3 vertebral bodies was achieved. At 2-year follow-up, the child was symptom-free. Imaging studies revealed no recurrence of tumor or instability.

Conclusion

A novel technique for reconstruction of C2–C3 vertebral bodies is demonstrated for the youngest case (a 6-year-old boy) of osteoblastoma in the literature. We recommend this approach for cervical spine reconstruction in patients who have an intact C1 arc and resected lower bodies.
A 3 omega method to measure an arbitrary anisotropic thermal conductivity tensor
Authors: Mishra Vivek , Hardin Corey L. , Garay Javier E. , Dames Chris
Published: May 2015

Previous use of the 3 omega method has been limited to materials with thermal conductivity tensors that are either isotropic or have their principal axes aligned with the natural cartesian coordinate system defined by the heater line and sample surface. Here, we consider the more general case of an anisotropic thermal conductivity tensor with finite off-diagonal terms in this coordinate system. An exact closed form solution for surface temperature has been found for the case of an ideal 3 omega heater line of finite width and infinite length, and verified numerically. We find that the common slope method of data processing yields the determinant of the thermal conductivity tensor, which is invariant upon rotation about the heater line’s axis. Following this analytic result, an experimental scheme is proposed to isolate the thermal conductivity tensor elements. Using two heater lines and a known volumetric heat capacity, the arbitrary 2-dimensional anisotropic thermal conductivity tensor can be measured with a low frequency sweep. Four heater lines would be required to extend this method to measure all 6 unknown tensor elements in 3 dimensions. Experiments with anisotropic layered mica are carried out to demonstrate the analytical results.
Growth temperature dependence of Si doping efficiency and compensating deep level defect incorporation in Al0.7Ga0.3N
Authors: Armstrong Andrew M. , Moseley Michael W. , Allerman Andrew A. , Crawford Mary H. , Wierer Jonathan J.
Published: May 2015

The growth temperature dependence of Si doping efficiency and deep level defect formation was investigated for n-type Al0.7Ga0.3N. It was observed that dopant compensation was greatly reduced with reduced growth temperature. Deep level optical spectroscopy and lighted capacitance-voltage were used to understand the role of acceptor-like deep level defects on doping efficiency. Deep level defects were observed at 2.34 eV, 3.56 eV, and 4.74 eV below the conduction band minimum. The latter two deep levels were identified as the major compensators because the reduction in their concentrations at reduced growth temperature correlated closely with the concomitant increase in free electron concentration. Possible mechanisms for the strong growth temperature dependence of deep level formation are considered, including thermodynamically driven compensating defect formation that can arise for a semiconductor with very large band gap energy, such as Al0.7Ga0.3N.
Microporous polyvinylidene fluoride film with dense surface enables efficient piezoelectric conversion
Authors: Chen Dajing , Zhang John X. J.
Published: May 2015

We demonstrate that asymmetric porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film, with pores mostly distributed in the bulk but not at the surfaces, can be used as a highly efficient piezoelectric energy generation device. For such microporous PVDF film with dense or pore-free surface, piezoelectric theory shows the efficiency of energy conversion by piezoelectric device depends upon the structure compressibility. Film mechanical properties can be controlled by dispersing micro-scale pores in a polymer matrix with a dense top layer. Piezoelectric output is enhanced by optimization of PVDF micro-structure and electromechanical coupling efficiency. The power output increased three folds with a designed three-dimensional asymmetric porous structure as compared to solid film.
Determination of threshold electric field for charge injection in polymeric materials
Authors: Liu Ning , Zhou Churui , Chen George , Zhong Lisheng
Published: May 2015

Accurately determining the threshold electric field at which charge injection from the electrodes starts is important for reliable operation of dielectric materials as the presence of charge in the material can lead to electric field enhancement, resulting in degradation and early failures of the material. The two methods in charge measurements that have been commonly used to find out the threshold field have been compared to the proposed method, which overcomes the drawbacks of the two methods. Such method offers (i) high sensitivity as the effect of capacitive charge has been eliminated and (ii) contributions from both mobile and slow charges; hence, providing a more accurate value for the threshold electric field. Based on the proposed method, it has been found that the threshold field for low density polyethylene is around 8 kV/mm, which is lower than the reported value obtained from the other methods.
Exchange bias effect in martensitic epitaxial Ni-Mn-Sn thin films applied to pin CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Teichert N. , Boehnke A. , Behler A. , Weise B. , Waske A. , Hütten A.
Published: May 2015

The exchange bias effect is commonly used to shift the coercive field of a ferromagnet. This technique is crucial for the use of magnetic tunnel junctions as logic or memory devices. Therefore, an independent switching of the two ferromagnetic electrodes is necessary to guarantee a reliable readout. Here, we demonstrate that the intrinsic exchange bias effect of Ni-Mn-Sn can be used to apply a unidirectional anisotropy to magnetic tunnel junctions. For this, we use epitaxial Ni-Mn-Sn films as pinning layers for microfabricated CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions. We compare the exchange bias field (HEB) measured after field cooling in –10 kOe external field by magnetization measurements with HEB obtained from tunnel magnetoresistance measurements. Consistent for both methods, we find an exchange bias of about HEB=130 Oe at 10 K, which decreases with increasing temperature and vanishes above 70 K.
Pulse voltage determination for electrostatic micro manipulation considering surface conductivity and adhesion of glass particle
Authors: Fujiwara Ryo , Hemthavy Pasomphone , Takahashi Kunio , Saito Shigeki
Published: May 2015

A model with surface conductivity and adhesional force is proposed to investigate the mechanism for electrostatic micro manipulation of a dielectric object using a single probe. The manipulation system consists of three elements: a conductive probe as a manipulator, a conductive plate as a substrate, and a dielectric particle as the target object for manipulation. The particle can be successfully picked up/placed if a rectangular pulse voltage is applied between the probe and the plate. The reliability of the picking up/placing operation is improved by applying a pulse voltage that is determined by a theoretical model considering surface conductivity and adhesion. To verify the theoretical prediction, manipulation experiment is conducted using soda-lime glass particles with radii of 20 μm and 40 μm.
Shape transition in nano-pits after solid-phase etching of SiO2 by Si islands
Authors: Leroy F. , Saito Y. , Curiotto S. , Cheynis F. , Pierre-Louis O. , Müller P.
Published: May 2015

We study the nano-pits formed during the etching of a SiO2 film by reactive Si islands at T≈1000 °C. Combining low energy electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, and an analytic model based on reaction and diffusion at the solid interface, we show that the shape of the nanopits depend on the ratio R/xs with R the Si island radius and xs the oxygen diffusion-length at the Si/SiO2 interface. For small R/xs, nanopits exhibit a single-well V-shape, while a double-well W-shape is found for larger R/xs. The analysis of the transition reveals that xs∼60 nm at T≈1000 °C.
Enhanced spectroscopic gas sensors using in-situ grown carbon nanotubes
Authors: De Luca A. , Cole M. T. , Hopper R. H. , Boual S. , Warner J. H. , Robertson A. R. , Ali S. Z. , Udrea F. , Gardner J. W. , Milne W. I.
Published: May 2015

In this letter, we present a fully complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible microelectromechanical system thermopile infrared (IR) detector employing vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) as an advanced nano-engineered radiation absorbing material. The detector was fabricated using a commercial silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process with tungsten metallization, comprising a silicon thermopile and a tungsten resistive micro-heater, both embedded within a dielectric membrane formed by a deep-reactive ion etch following CMOS processing. In-situ CNT growth on the device was achieved by direct thermal chemical vapour deposition using the integrated micro-heater as a micro-reactor. The growth of the CNT absorption layer was verified through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The functional effects of the nanostructured ad-layer were assessed by comparing CNT-coated thermopiles to uncoated thermopiles. Fourier transform IR spectroscopy showed that the radiation absorbing properties of the CNT adlayer significantly enhanced the absorptivity, compared with the uncoated thermopile, across the IR spectrum (3 μm–15.5 μm). This led to a four-fold amplification of the detected infrared signal (4.26 μm) in a CO2 non-dispersive-IR gas sensor system. The presence of the CNT layer was shown not to degrade the robustness of the uncoated devices, whilst the 50% modulation depth of the detector was only marginally reduced by 1.5 Hz. Moreover, we find that the 50% normalized absorption angular profile is subsequently more collimated by 8°. Our results demonstrate the viability of a CNT-based SOI CMOS IR sensor for low cost air quality monitoring.
Do Alcohol Advertisements for Brands Popular among Underage Drinkers Have Greater Appeal among Youth and Young Adults?
Authors: Siegel Michael , DeJong William , Cioffi Daryl , Leon-Chi Lucero , Naimi Timothy S. , Padon Alisa A. , Jernigan David H. , Xuan Ziming
Published: May 2015

Background

No previous study has determined whether there are differences in the youth appeal of alcohol advertisements for popular versus unpopular brands among underage drinkers. This paper provides a systematic investigation of the differential appeal of brand-level alcohol advertisements among underage youth and young adults in the United States.

Methods

We examined 3 issues of 8 magazines popular among underage youth. From the advertised alcohol brands, we selected the ads for the top 10 and bottom 10 brands by prevalence of underage youth consumption, based on the results of a previous national survey. We assessed the ads’ appeal using a sample of 211 students recruited from 1 graduate and 2 undergraduate courses at Boston University. Respondents rated the appeal of each advertisement on 4 dimensions: physical and social appeal, appeal to underage youth, perceived effectiveness, and liking. Using random-effects linear regression, we compared the appeal of advertisements for popular versus unpopular brands.

Results

On each dimension, the ads for popular youth alcohol brands were rated as significantly more appealing than the ads for unpopular brands. The magnitude of this difference was 0.26 standard deviation for the physical and social appeal score, 0.25 for the appeal to underage youth score, 0.21 for the perceived effectiveness score, and 0.16 for the liking score.

Conclusions

Advertising for alcohol brands that are popular among youth contain elements that are more likely to appeal to underage youth and young adults than ads for brands that are relatively unpopular among young drinkers.
Tau reduction prevents Aβ-induced axonal transport deficits by blocking activation of GSK3β
Authors: Vossel Keith A. , Xu Jordan C. , Fomenko Vira , Miyamoto Takashi , Suberbielle Elsa , Knox Joseph A. , Ho Kaitlyn , Kim Daniel H. , Yu Gui-Qiu , Mucke Lennart
Published: May 2015

Axonal transport deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are attributed to amyloid β (Aβ) peptides and pathological forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Genetic ablation of tau prevents neuronal overexcitation and axonal transport deficits caused by recombinant Aβ oligomers. Relevance of these findings to naturally secreted Aβ and mechanisms underlying tau’s enabling effect are unknown. Here we demonstrate deficits in anterograde axonal transport of mitochondria in primary neurons from transgenic mice expressing familial AD-linked forms of human amyloid precursor protein. We show that these deficits depend on Aβ1–42 production and are prevented by tau reduction. The copathogenic effect of tau did not depend on its microtubule binding, interactions with Fyn, or potential role in neuronal development. Inhibition of neuronal activity, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor function, or glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity or expression also abolished Aβ-induced transport deficits. Tau ablation prevented Aβ-induced GSK3β activation. Thus, tau allows Aβ oligomers to inhibit axonal transport through activation of GSK3β, possibly by facilitating aberrant neuronal activity.
Junctional actin assembly is mediated by Formin-like 2 downstream of Rac1
Authors: Grikscheit Katharina , Frank Tanja , Wang Ying , Grosse Robert
Published: May 2015

Epithelial integrity is vitally important, and its deregulation causes early stage cancer. De novo formation of an adherens junction (AJ) between single epithelial cells requires coordinated, spatial actin dynamics, but the mechanisms steering nascent actin polymerization for cell–cell adhesion initiation are not well understood. Here we investigated real-time actin assembly during daughter cell–cell adhesion formation in human breast epithelial cells in 3D environments. We identify formin-like 2 (FMNL2) as being specifically required for actin assembly and turnover at newly formed cell–cell contacts as well as for human epithelial lumen formation. FMNL2 associates with components of the AJ complex involving Rac1 activity and the FMNL2 C terminus. Optogenetic control of Rac1 in living cells rapidly drove FMNL2 to epithelial cell–cell contact zones. Furthermore, Rac1-induced actin assembly and subsequent AJ formation critically depends on FMNL2. These data uncover FMNL2 as a driver for human epithelial AJ formation downstream of Rac1.
Nek5 promotes centrosome integrity in interphase and loss of centrosome cohesion in mitosis
Authors: Prosser Suzanna L. , Sahota Navdeep K. , Pelletier Laurence , Morrison Ciaran G. , Fry Andrew M.
Published: May 2015

Nek5 is a poorly characterized member of the NIMA-related kinase family, other members of which play roles in cell cycle progression and primary cilia function. Here, we show that Nek5, similar to Nek2, localizes to the proximal ends of centrioles. Depletion of Nek5 or overexpression of kinase-inactive Nek5 caused unscheduled separation of centrosomes in interphase, a phenotype also observed upon overexpression of active Nek2. However, separated centrosomes that resulted from Nek5 depletion remained relatively close together, exhibited excess recruitment of the centrosome linker protein rootletin, and had reduced levels of Nek2. In addition, Nek5 depletion led to loss of PCM components, including γ-tubulin, pericentrin, and Cdk5Rap2, with centrosomes exhibiting reduced microtubule nucleation. Upon mitotic entry, Nek5-depleted cells inappropriately retained centrosome linker components and exhibited delayed centrosome separation and defective chromosome segregation. Hence, Nek5 is required for the loss of centrosome linker proteins and enhanced microtubule nucleation that lead to timely centrosome separation and bipolar spindle formation in mitosis.
A Strategy to Characterize the LISA-Pathfinder Cold Gas Thruster System
Authors: Armano M , Audley H , Auger G , Baird J , Binetruy P , Born M , Bortoluzzi D , Brandt N , Bursi A , Caleno M , Cavalleri A , Cesarini A , Cruise M , Danzmann K , Diepholz I , Dolesi R , Dunbar N , Ferraioli L , Ferroni V , Fitzsimons E , Freschi M , Gallegos J , Garcia Marirrodriga C , Gerndt R , Gesa LI , Gibert F , Giardini D , Giusteri R , Grimani C , Harrison I , Heinzel G , Hewitson M , Hollington D , Hueller M , Huesler J , Inchauspé H , Jennrich O , Jetzer P , Johlander B , Karnesis N , Kaune B , Korsakova N , Killow C , Lloro I , Maarschalkerweerd R , Madden S , Mance D , Martin V , Martin-Porqueras F , Mateos I , McNamara P , Mendes J , Mendes L , Moroni A , Nofrarias M , Paczkowski S , Perreur-Lloyd M , Petiteau A , Pivato P , Plagnol E , Prat P , Ragnit U , Ramos-Castro J , Reiche J , Romera Perez J A , Robertson D , Rozemeijer H , Russano G , Sarra P , Schleicher A , Slutsky J , Sopuerta C F , Sumner T , Texier D , Thorpe J , Trenkel C , Tu H B , Vetrugno D , Vitale S , Wanner G , Ward H , Waschke S , Wass P , Wealthy D , Wen S , Weber W , Wittchen A , Zanoni C , Ziegler T , Zweifel P
Published: May 2015

The cold gas micro-propulsion system that will be used during the LISA-Pathfinder mission will be one of the most important component used to ensure the “free-fall” of the enclosed test masses. In this paper we present a possible strategy to characterize the effective direction and amplitude gain of each of the 6 thrusters of this system.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 26 Jun 2020 to add an author.
A diagram algebra for Soergel modules corresponding to smooth Schubert varieties
Authors: Sartori Antonio
Published: May 2015

Using combinatorial properties of symmetric polynomials, we compute explicitly the Soergel modules for some permutations whose corresponding Schubert varieties are rationally smooth. We build from them diagram algebras whose module categories are equivalent to the subquotient categories of the BGG category

O

(

g
l

n

)

\mathcal {O}(\mathfrak {gl}_n)

which show up in categorification of

g
l

(
1

|

1
)

\mathfrak {gl}(1|1)

–representations. We construct diagrammatically the graded cellular structure and the properly stratified structure of these algebras.
Characterization of Cichopeptins, New Phytotoxic Cyclic Lipodepsipeptides Produced by Pseudomonas cichorii SF1-54 and Their Role in Bacterial Midrib Rot Disease of Lettuce
Authors: Huang Chien-Jui , Pauwelyn Ellen , Ongena Marc , Debois Delphine , Leclère Valerie , Jacques Philippe , Bleyaert Peter , Höfte Monica
Published: May 2015

The lettuce midrib rot pathogen Pseudomonas cichorii SF1-54 produces seven bioactive compounds with biosurfactant properties. Two compounds exhibited necrosis-inducing activity on chicory leaves. The structure of the two phytotoxic compounds, named cichopeptin A and B, was tentatively characterized. They are related cyclic lipopeptides composed of an unsaturated C12-fatty acid chain linked to the N-terminus of a 22–amino acid peptide moiety. Cichopeptin B differs from cichopeptin A only in the last C-terminal amino acid residue, which is probably Val instead of Leu/Ile. Based on peptide sequence similarity, cichopeptins are new cyclic lipopeptides related to corpeptin, produced by the tomato pathogen Pseudomonas corrugata. Production of cichopeptin is stimulated by glycine betaine but not by choline, an upstream precursor of glycine betaine. Furthermore, a gene cluster encoding cichopeptin synthethases, cipABCDEF, is responsible for cichopeptin biosynthesis. A cipA-deletion mutant exhibited significantly less virulence and rotten midribs than the parental strain upon spray inoculation on lettuce. However, the parental and mutant strains multiplied in lettuce leaves at a similar rate. These results demonstrate that cichopeptins contribute to virulence of P. cichorii SF1-54 on lettuce.
Nondefoliating and Defoliating Strains from Cotton Correlate with Races 1 and 2 of Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Hu Xiao-Ping , Gurung Suraj , Short Dylan P. G. , Sandoya German V. , Shang Wen-Jing , Hayes Ryan J. , Davis R. Michael , Subbarao Krishna V.
Published: May 2015

Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is an important disease of cotton worldwide. Isolates of V. dahliae can be characterized as race 1 or race 2 based on the responses of differential cultivars of tomato and lettuce, or as defoliating or nondefoliating based on symptom expression in cotton. To investigate the frequency and distribution of races and defoliation phenotypes of cotton-associated V. dahliae, 317 isolates from China, Israel, Turkey, and the United States were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using defoliating, nondefoliating, and race 1- and race 2-specific primers DF/DR, NDF/NDR, VdAve1F/VdAve1R, and VdR2F/VdR2R, respectively. Of the total, 97.2% of isolates genotyped as defoliating were also characterized as race 2, while 90.8% of isolates genotyped as nondefoliating were also genotyped as race 1. To verify these results, three cotton cultivars—‘FM 2484B2F’ (highly resistant), ‘98M-2983’ (highly susceptible), and ‘CA4002’ (partially resistant)—used as differentials were each inoculated with 10 isolates characterized by PCR: six defoliating/race 2 strains (GH1005, GH1021, HN, XJ2008, XJ592, and reference strain Ls17) and four nondefoliating/race 1 strains (GH1015, GH1016, GH1020, and reference strain Ls16). All defoliating/race 2 isolates except for Ls17 caused defoliation on 98M-2983 and CA4002. Isolate Ls17 caused defoliation on 98M-2983 only. The nondefoliating/race 1 isolates caused Verticillium wilt symptoms devoid of defoliation on 98M-2983. The greenhouse assays confirmed the molecular identification of race and defoliation phenotype. Although the existence of races has not been previously established among V. dahliae isolates from cotton, the long-established nondefoliating and defoliating population structure corresponded with V. dahliae races 1 and 2, respectively.
The evolution of popular music: USA 1960–2010
Authors: Mauch Matthias , MacCallum Robert M. , Levy Mark , Leroi Armand M.
Published: May 2015

In modern societies, cultural change seems ceaseless. The flux of fashion is especially obvious for popular music. While much has been written about the origin and evolution of pop, most claims about its history are anecdotal rather than scientific in nature. To rectify this, we investigate the US Billboard Hot 100 between 1960 and 2010. Using music information retrieval and text-mining tools, we analyse the musical properties of approximately 17 000 recordings that appeared in the charts and demonstrate quantitative trends in their harmonic and timbral properties. We then use these properties to produce an audio-based classification of musical styles and study the evolution of musical diversity and disparity, testing, and rejecting, several classical theories of cultural change. Finally, we investigate whether pop musical evolution has been gradual or punctuated. We show that, although pop music has evolved continuously, it did so with particular rapidity during three stylistic ‘revolutions’ around 1964, 1983 and 1991. We conclude by discussing how our study points the way to a quantitative science of cultural change.
How do Finnish teacher educators implement entrepreneurship education?
Authors: Seikkula-Leino Jaana , Satuvuori Timo , Ruskovaara Elena , Hannula Heikki
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to ascertain how the people who train Finnish teachers implement entrepreneurship education in the guidance they provide. The authors show how learning through, for and about entrepreneurship manifests in the self-evaluations of Finnish teacher educators.

Design/methodology/approach

– Data were collected in spring 2012 with a quantitative survey questionnaire to 100 teacher educators and training teachers for vocational and general education, to rectors and managers.

Findings

– The teacher educators used a relatively large number of the pedagogical models and methods pursued in entrepreneurship education, such as problem based learning, experiential and practical descriptions of situations, and they also encouraged their students to take responsibility and to be self-directed. These can be seen to specifically support learning for entrepreneurship. On the other hand there would still be room for improvement as regards the teacher educators’ guidance through entrepreneurship.

Practical implications

– It would be appropriate in entrepreneurship education to take account of prospective teachers’ authentic experiences of entrepreneurship. For example, in teacher training greater use could be made of practice enterprises, co-operative operations, on-the-job learning and methods such as the Young Enterprise business incubator.

Originality/value

– The European Union places particular emphasis on the further development of entrepreneurship education in teacher training. The study opens up perspectives on what kinds of skills teacher educators impart to prospective teachers who will continue in working life until the 2070s.
MOOCs: meaningful learning tools for public administration education or academic simulacra?
Authors: Sementelli Arthur J. , Garrett Terence M.
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore and critically assess the potential value and effectiveness of massive open online courses (MOOCs) for public administration education.

Design/methodology/approach

– The research in this conceptual paper offered a critical examination of MOOCs using the work of Baudrillard, Debord, and others to re-frame and reconsider our understanding of this emerging educational strategy.

Findings

– Baudrillard’s simulacrum and Debord’s spectacle concepts can inform the discussion and understanding of MOOCs in higher education.

Research limitations/implications

– This is an emerging area that needs further study and development.

Practical implications

– MOOCs might contribute to the blurring of lines between educational products that are needed and products for which a need is manufactured by corporate interests.

Social implications

– MOOCs might contribute to the commodification of knowledge in higher education.

Originality/value

– This is the first conceptual paper exploring MOOCs and their issues using Baudrillard and Debord.
Learning capability and performance in later working life: towards a contextual view
Authors: Jeske Debora , Stamov Roßnagel Christian
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– The authors contribute to the literature by contrasting the cognitive with a contextual view on learning and development to address preconceptions about aging in order to broaden employers’ views on learning and performance across the working life and careers of their employees. The authors furthermore identify a number of opportunities that exist to support and sustain learning capability and performance in older workers. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors conducted a selective literature search to identify literature that best exemplifies both the cognitive and contextual view.

Findings

– Age-related declines in performance are observed on very specific and limited tasks, unlikely to be encountered in the workplace. Due to its focus on assessing limits and age differences, such studies will not normally take experience, job and personal resources into account – these are more likely to be present in the workplace. The authors find that much of the more applied evidence suggests older workers can perform at a similar level to their younger colleagues – when the workplace or training context does not restrain them from using their own strategies and resources to complete tasks.

Research limitations/implications

– The current overview of research that is more representative of the more cognitive view outlines a number of issues regarding the transferability as well as generalisability of these well publicised findings. Many of the laboratory-based cognitive ageing research focuses on “testing the limits” of cognitive processing and efficiency. This paradigm is not compatible with the specific tasks and learning that takes place in the workplace, which led us to a more contextual view.

Practical implications

– The authors provide several starting points for broader and more inclusive training and development, particularly the role of supervisory practices, climate, self-efficacy and learning competency, resources and strategies.

Originality/value

– Taking a more contextual view may foster a re-evaluation of how inclusive current managerial practice, policies and current development initiatives are. Distinguishing job and personal resources can help in identifying the aspects that can be influenced by workers themselves and those aspects that are the primary responsibility of organisations and their managers.
Cutaneous apocrine carcinoma of the scrotum: A case with widespread subcutaneous induration
Authors: Miyagawa Takuya , Kadono Takafumi , Taniguchi Takashi , Nakamura Kouki , Saigusa Ryosuke , Yoshizaki Ayumi , Miyagaki Tomomitsu , Yamada Daisuke , Masui Yuri , Sato Shinichi
Published: May 2015

Cutaneous apocrine carcinoma (CAC) is a rare malignancy. It develops predominantly in the regions where apocrine glands are distributed. Some cases of CAC have been reported in the axilla and the inguinal regions, but only a few in the scrotum. We herein report a case of CAC which widely spread over both sides of the whole scrotum with plate‐like hard induration, and such a manifestation has never been reported before. CAC is known to have high rates of local recurrence or metastasis, and the efficacy of radiotherapy or chemotherapy has not been established. As therapeutic options for CAC are limited, it is critical to reach the diagnosis and treat at an early stage.
Application of electron microscopic analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization technique for the successful diagnosis of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma
Authors: Funakoshi Takeru , Sato Tomotaka , Hosokawa Ryoko , Saito Masataka , Amagai Masayuki , Ishiko Akira , Ohyama Manabu
Published: May 2015

The diagnosis of soft tissue tumors is often challenging. Immunohistochemical investigation, let alone routine histopathological investigation, may not allow definitive diagnosis in some cases. To overcome such difficulties, more advanced techniques need to be adopted. Herein, we report an extremely rare 56‐year‐old Japanese female case of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (ES), successfully diagnosed by electron microscopy (EM) using formalin‐fixed sections and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The patient had a 2‐year history of a tumor growing on the leg. In routine histopathology, invasive proliferation of tumor cells was observed in the dermis. Tumor cells were round and uniform with large hyperchromatic nuclei, which were positively stained for CD56, VS38c, Ki‐67, MIC2 and vimentin, but not for pan‐keratin AE1 + AE3, cytokeratin 20, chromogranin A, synaptophysin and neuron‐specific enolase. As these findings were not conclusive to make the final diagnosis, EM specimens were prepared from formalin‐fixed sections and subjected to investigation. Cell surface projections and dense core granules were detected, suggestive of either Merkel cell carcinoma or extraskeletal ES. Subsequent FISH analysis identified reciprocal translocation of the ESWR1 gene, enabling the final diagnosis of extraskeletal ES. This study provides useful information enabling the diagnosis of this uncommon soft tissue tumor.