bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phonological Adaptation of English Pseudo-loanwords (Wasei Eigo) in Japanese
Authors: Ariefandi Febryan , Hariri Tatang
Published: August 2024

Some researchers have classified wasei eigo, a unique phenomenon in the absorption of English words into Japanese, as pseudo-loanwords. These words are notable for their characteristics, which not only change morphologically but also semantically. However, the phonological adaptation that occurs in English words when they are absorbed into wasei eigo is often ignored by some researchers. In fact, understanding this adaptation needs to be deepened first, considering English has a different phonological system from Japanese. This study aims to fill the gap by examining wasei eigo words found in Japanese online communication, especially on social media. The purpose of this study is to explain the phonological processes and rules of wasei eigo. Based on data findings, analyzed using both the theory of English and Japanese phonological systems, Japanese tend to adapt English words by adding, deleting, and substituting phonemes. Several reasons underlie these adaptations, including the absence of phonemes in the target language and differences in syllable systems. As a first step in analyzing the phenomenon of pseudo-loanwords in Japanese, this research will serve as a foundation to further study wasei eigo from various perspectives of linguistics.
Racial Discrimination in The First Grader Movie
Authors: Ro'is Syamsuddin , Harida Ratri
Published: August 2024

Racial discrimination is one of the social phenomena that causes intergenerational trauma. The movie becomes one way to picture this reality, as in The First Grader. Using content analysis to qualitatively describe the phenomena, the researcher found three levels of racism. The findings show that personalized mediate racism happens the most. The next level of racism that occurs is institutionalized racism and internalized racism. The source of the racism is British colonialism in Kenya and tribalism, which have had lasting effects on the social fabric of the country. The movie effectively portrays how these different levels of racism manifest in everyday life. The First Grader serves as a powerful reminder of the ongoing struggle against racial discrimination and the importance of addressing its root causes to prevent further intergenerational trauma.
Analisis Yuridis tentang Wewenang Pemerintahan dalam Implementasi Kebijakan Publik
Authors: Doorson Sriveen , Rizky Ramadhan Gilang , Doorson Stiven , Aulia Ardiansyah , H Insan Isep
Published: August 2024

Hubungan kewenangan antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah dalam pemerintahan modern adalah salah satu faktor penting yang memengaruhi pelaksanaan kebijakan publik. Indonesia memiliki sistem pemerintahan yang kompleks, dan undang-undangnya mengatur kewenangan ini. Beberapa contohnya adalah Undang-Undang tentang Pemerintahan Daerah, Undang-Undang tentang Perimbangan Keuangan Pusat dan Daerah, dan Undang-Undang tentang Sumber Daya Alam dan Pelayanan Publik.Tujuan penelitian ini ntuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas pemerintahan, menerapkan otonomi daerah membutuhkan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang kewenangan yang dimiliki oleh pusat dan daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kepustakaan, yaitu penelusuran dan penelitian kepustakaan dengan membaca dan menelaah berbagai jurnal, buku, dan naskah terbitan lainya yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian saat menulis karya tulis  berkaitan topik yang sedang di teliti. Dengan fokus pada analisis yuridis yang mendalam, jurnal ini mengkaji peran penting pemerintah dalam penerapan kebijakan publik. Ditetapkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik menunjukkan komitmen pemerintah Indonesia untuk meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas dalam operasi negara. Pengawasan, termasuk pengawasan publik, dianggap sebagai alat penting untuk memastikan bahwa pelaksanaan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan berjalan sesuai dengan hukum dan memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat.
Konsep Dasar Analisis Kebijakan Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Susanto Dedi , Su’aidi  , El Widdah Minnah
Published: August 2024

Konsep dasar analisis kebijakan pendidikan Islam melibatkan proses analisis yang cermat terhadap perumusan, implementasi, dan evaluasi kebijakan pendidikan yang terkait dengan ajaran Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsep dasar analisis kebijakan pendidikan islam. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan dokumentasi, dengan teknik analisis data yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dideskripsikan Pertama, analisis kebijakan adalah suatu metode atau prosedur yang digunakan untuk memanfaatkan pemahaman manusia terhadap masalah kebijakan guna mencari solusinya. Kedua, Pendidikan agama Islam merupakan usaha yang melibatkan bimbingan dan pengasuhan terhadap peserta didik dengan tujuan agar mereka, setelah menyelesaikan proses pendidikannya, memiliki pemahaman yang baik terhadap ajaran Islam dan mampu mengamalkannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, menjadikannya sebagai pedoman hidup. Ketiga, Konsep dasar analisis kebijakan pendidikan Islam mencakup sejumlah aspek penting yang bersifat holistik dan menyeluruh dalam merancang, melaksanakan, dan mengevaluasi kebijakan-kebijakan pendidikan yang berlandaskan pada prinsip-prinsip Islam.
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN KOMPREHENSIF PADA NY. F DI KLINIK UTAMA NILAM SARI TEMBILAHAN
Authors: Wulandari Dian , Indah Sari Nurul
Published: August 2024

Asuhan kebidanan komprehensif adalah serangkaian kegiatan pelayanan yang berkelanjutan dan menyeluruh mulai dari Kehamilan, Persalinan, Nifas, Pelayanan Bayi Baru Lahir serta Pelayanan Keluarga Berencana. Berdasarkan buku register Klinik Utama Nilam Sari tahun 2021 Januari sampai Desember, jumlah hamil 438 orang, bersalin normal 229 orang, bayi baru lahir normal 226 orang, nifas 229 orang dan KB 2.432 orang. Tujuan dari asuhan iniu adalah Mampu memberikan asuhan komprehensif pada pasien. Pada asuhan ANC terjadi kesenjangan yaitu hasil pengukuran TFU, INC berjalan dengan baik, kala I fase aktif 6 jam 30 menit, kala II berlangsung selama 1 jam 12 menit,  kala III berlangsung selama 38 menit terjadi kesenjangan berupa pemberian metiagin serta terjadinya retensio plasenta, dan kala IV berlangsung selama 2 jam terjadi kesenjangan berupa pemasangan kateter. Bayi lahir spontan, berat badan 3500 gram, panjang badan 53 cm, dan dilakukan kunjungan neonatus sebanyak 3 kali. Masa nifas berjalan normal tanpa ada masalah potensial, dilakukan kunjungan sebanyak 4 kali dan asuhan keluarga berencana Ny.F memilih KB suntik 3 bulan sebagai metode kontrasepsinya. Diharapan untuk semua tenaga kesehatan untuk dapat mengupdate ilmu serta mempertahankan mutu pelayanan dengan cara mengikuti  seminar yang berhubungan dengan kebidanan.
 
Comprehensive midwifery care is a series of continuous and comprehensive service activities ranging from Pregnancy, Childbirth, Postpartum, Newborn Services and Family Planning Services. Based on the register book of the Nilam Sari Main Clinic from January to December 2021, the number of pregnancies was 438 people, normal childbirth was 229 people, normal newborns were 226 people, postpartum was 229 people and birth control was 2,432 people. The purpose of this care is to be able to provide comprehensive care to patients. In antenatal care, there was a gap, namely the results of TFU measurement, Intranatal care went well, phase I active phase 6 hours 30 minutes, phase II lasted for 1 hour 12 minutes, phase III lasted for 38 minutes there was a gap in the form of administration of metiagin and placental retention, and phase IV lasted for 2 hours there was a gap in the form of catheter installation. The baby was born spontaneously, weighed 3500 grams, was 53 cm long, and was visited by neonates 3 times. The postpartum period ran normally without any potential problems, 4 visits were made and Mrs. F's family planning chose 3-month injectable contraceptives as her contraceptive method. It is hoped that all health workers will be able to update their knowledge and maintain the quality of service by participating in seminars related to midwifery.
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN KOMPREHENSIF PADA NY.R DI KLINIK PRATAMA KAYU JATI TEMBILAHAN TAHUN 2022
Authors: Anisa Anisa , Ernawati Ernawati , Raniwati Linda
Published: August 2024

Asuhan kebidanan komprehensif merupakan asuhan yang mencakup pemeriksaan secara berkala dari kehamilan, persalinan, nifas,dan bayi baru lahir. Data Klinik Pratama Kayu Jati tahun 2021 jumlah ibu hamil 44 orang, bersalin 4 orang,  bayi baru lahir 4 orang, nifas 4 orang, neonatus 4 orang, akseptor KB 39 orang dan tidak ada menyumbang AKI dan AKB. Bertujuan untuk melaksanakan asuhan kebidanan komprehensif dengan metode pendekatan manajemen kebidanan dengan pola fikir varney yang dituangkan dalam bentuk SOAP. Asuhan dilaksanakan bulan Maret sampai April Di Klinik Pratama Kayu Jati Tembilahan Tahun 2022. Subjek asuhan adalah Ny. R Umur 25 Tahun G3P1A1H1. Pada asuhan ANC sesuai standart 10T. INC pada kala I berlangsung selama 23 jam 30 menit terjadi kala I memanjang serta  terdapat kesenjangan yaitu pemasangan infus. kala II berlangsung selama 15 menit, kala III berlangsung selama 7 menit, dan kala IV berlangsung selama 2 jam, terdapat ruptur jalan lahir derajat II. Bayi lahir spontan, berat badan 3000 gr, panjang badan  46 cm dan dilakukan kunjungan neonatus sebanyak 3 kali. Masa nifas normal tidak ada penyulit, dilakukan kunjungan 4 kali dan asuhan keluarga berencana memilih suntik 3 bulan sebagai alat kontrasepsinya. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa asuhan komprehensif yang diberikan pada Ny.R sudah memenuhi standar.
 
Comprehensive midwifery care is care that includes periodic check-ups of pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, and newborns. Data from the Pratama Kayu Jati Clinic in 2021 shows that the number of pregnant women is 44 people, 4 people are giving birth, 4 people are newborns, 4 people are postpartum, 4 people are neonates, 39 people are acceptors of birth control and none contribute to the maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate. It aims to carry out comprehensive midwifery care with a midwifery management approach method with a varney mindset expressed in the form of SOAP. The care will be carried out from March to April at the Tembilahan Wood Primary Clinic in 2022. The subject of the care is Mrs. R Age 25 years G3P1A1H1. In ANC care according to the 10T. INC standard in phase I lasts for 23 hours and 30 minutes, phase I occurs longitudinally and there is a gap, namely the installation of infusions. Phase II lasts for 15 minutes, Phase III lasts for 7 minutes, and Phase IV lasts for 2 hours, there is a grade II birth canal rupture. The baby was born spontaneously, weighed 3000 grams, had a body length of 46 cm and was visited by neonates 3 times. During the normal postpartum period, there were no complications, 4 visits were made and the family planned to choose 3-month injections as the contraceptive device. So it can be concluded that the comprehensive care provided to Mrs. R has met the standards.
Factors Affecting English Language Teachers' Participation in Professional Development at Private Universities in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Kolachi Ishtiaq Ahmed , Shah Syed Gul Muhammad , Ahmed Imran , Ali Zahid , Ahmad Nazir
Published: August 2024

The goal of this quantitative study was to evaluate the link between internal and external factors that affect teacher involvement in professional development programs at private institutions in Karachi, Pakistan. Specifically, the study was conducted in Pakistan. In order to conduct the study, the researcher utilized a survey methodology and employed regression techniques. The sample size consisted of one hundred English language professors from four different business universities in Karachi. The examination of the data revealed that a number of factors, such as teachers' ages, their perspectives on efforts for professional development, the amount of time they had available, the resources they had available financially, and the influence of their peers, had a significant impact on the level of engagement that teachers had. On the other hand, the research found that factors such as gender, teaching grade level, teaching experience, educational background, teaching experience, educational qualifications, teachers' effectiveness, pedagogical head involvement, and school culture did not have a statistically significant impact on the extent to which teachers participated in activities for professional development.
AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN WRITING REPORT TEXT AT NINETH GRADE SMPN 1 TEMBILAHAN HULU
Authors: Herandani Cessy , Amri Samsul , Syafrizal
Published: August 2024

The aims of this study are intended to find out the types of grammatical errors that are often made by students in writing report texts. The design was a descriptive method. Documentation of students’ report texts was used to collect the data. The subjects of this study were the students in the IX grade of SMPN 1 Tembilahan Hulu. According to the findings, the highest percentage of grammatical errors that students frequently make is in accordance with omission with 36.7%, followed by missing orders with 8.9%, missing information with 4.4%, and error addition with 2.2%.
AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN NICOLE’S ALBUM BY NIKI
Authors: Sinaga Nenni Triana , Ambarita Angelica Septina , Simarmata Rina O.
Published: August 2024

This research aims to determine the type of figurative language in Niki's song lyrics on Nicole's album and the type of figurative language that is most dominant in Niki's song lyrics on Nicole's album. This research has two problems, namely the first is looking for figurative language in Niki's album and looking for the most dominant figurative language in Niki's album. The method used is the Qualitative Descriptive Method. The data for this research are song lyrics that contain figurative language. The data source for this research is Nicole Albums which was released on August 11, 2022. This research data is the song lyrics of five songs taken randomly by Niki, namely "Backburner", "Anaheim", "Oceans & Engines", On "Home Drive" and "Take a Chance With Me". The instruments of this research are observation and documentation. The results obtained were 8 types of Figurative Language, namely 5 Alliterations, 10 Hyperbole, 14 Metaphors, 3 Similes, 4 Symbols, 3 Personifications, 1 Metonymy, 6 Irony. And the most dominant figurative language used in Nicole's albums is metaphor, with the percentage of alliteration accounting for 11%, hyperbole 22%, metaphor 30%, simile 7%, symbol 9%, personification 7%, metonymy 2%, and finally 13% irony.
Future-Proofing Cloud Networks with AI and Security Engineering
Authors: Oduri Sailesh
Published: August 2024

Future-proofing cloud networks is crucial as organizations seek to adapt to evolving technology and increasing cyber threats.his article explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and security engineering as key strategies for ensuring the resilience and efficiency of cloud networks. AI enhances network management through automation, traffic optimization, and predictive analytics, while machine learning significantly bolsters security by enabling real-time threat detection and response. Security engineering principles, including encryption, access control, and advanced techniques such as zero-trust architecture and threat intelligence, are essential for safeguarding cloud environments. The convergence of AI and security engineering not only addresses current security challenges but also prepares cloud networks for future demands. Best practices for future-proofing include ensuring scalability, maintaining flexibility, and adhering to compliance standards. By leveraging AI-driven security solutions and continuously updating security measures, organizations can effectively protect their cloud infrastructures. SIS International offers specialized expertise in integrating AI and security engineering to help businesses navigate these complexities and secure their cloud networks against future risks. This approach not only enhances operational efficiency but also fortifies defenses against emerging threats, ensuring long-term stability and adaptability in an ever-evolving technological landscape.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Untuk Pemilihan Lokasi Bisnis Umkm Menggunakan Metode Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Rachman Malik Arief
Published: August 2024

Pemilihan lokasi bisnis merupakan faktor kunci bagi keberhasilan atau kegagalan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) karena lokasi yang strategis dapat menarik lebih banyak pelanggan dan meningkatkan efisiensi operasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan memprioritaskan kriteria pemilihan lokasi bisnis untuk UMKM, mengembangkan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) berbasis metode Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), serta melakukan validasi dan implementasi SPK melalui studi kasus pada UMKM. Dengan menggunakan AHP, pengambilan keputusan dilakukan melalui perbandingan berpasangan untuk menentukan prioritas alternatif berdasarkan kriteria tertentu, yang juga mengakomodasi ketidakkonsistenan dalam penilaian. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pengembangan aplikasi SPK berbasis web menggunakan metode AHP, yang diharapkan dapat membantu UMKM dalam memilih lokasi bisnis yang optimal.
Sistem Media Pembelajaran Pengenalan Benda Ruangan Sekolah Berbahasa Arab Dengan Augmented Reality
Authors: Solehuddin
Published: August 2024

Augmented Reality (AR) dalam meningkatkan pemahaman santri dan pengetahuan dalam berbahasa arab melibatkan perkembangan teknologi komputer dan perangkat mobile yang semakin canggih. AR menggabungkan elemen dunia nyata dengan elemen digital. kurangnya pemahaman santri dan pengetahuan santri dalam Bahasa arab ketika hari libur, maka di butuhkan peran AR yang mana  dapat memberikan pengalaman belajar yang lebih interaktif dan menyenangkan bagi para satri di Pondok Hasanatul Barokah. Dengan AR, para Santri dapat melihat objek virtual yang ditampilkan di dunia nyata melalui perangkat seperti smartphone, aplikasi AR dapat  menampilkan simulasi situasi dalam berbahasa Arab dengan bagus dan cara mengggunakannya. Dengan demikian, Santri dapat lebih memahami Bahasa arab yang baik yang  dan cara mengggunakannya dengan baik melalui AR.Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan UAT menunjukkan persentase yang cukup tinggi yaitu 83,6% sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi ini dapat diterima dengan baik
A Cross Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Cataract among Patients with Type II Diabetes above 50 Years in a Primary Health Centre in Chennai
Authors: S. Advithi , G. Aravind , S. Arun Murugan , R. Ramasubramanian , P. Arulmozhi , K. SathishKumar
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Cataract is one of the major causes of visual impairment in diabetic patients. This study was done to find out the prevalence of cataract among diabetics above 50 years in a primary health centre in Chennai.
Objectives: To find out the prevalence of cataract among diabetics above 50 years in a primary health centre in Chennai.
Material and methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional carried out at Kollumedu Primary Health centre during the time period of June 2022 - September 2022 among 200 diabetic patients who come for treatment. Clinical and demographic details like age, sex, occupation, ocular examination findings, type of cataract, and other clinical details were collected using a detailed questionnaire. The samples were selected by convenient sampling technique. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20 software.
Results: This study revealed that 40% of the participants above the age of 50 years of age had cataract, which is a significant proportion of the diabetic population. About 6% of the participants were newly diagnosed to be having cataract.
Conclusion: Periodic ocular examination has to be recommended for the patients having Type II diabetes.
Quantum and Management of BioMedical Waste Generation both Preceding and Subsequent to the Advent of Covid-19 – A Case Study at SRM Kattankulattur
Authors: Poondla Ashika , Joseph Surya
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The biomedical waste encompasses a wide range of contaminated infectious materials particularly from healthcare settings. Addressing the crucial aspects in managing biomedical waste efficiently to build resilience for health emergencies is most challenging.
Objectives: To figure out the flow of biomedical waste disposal at different facilities of COVID – 19. To identify the total, as well as the average amount of biomedical waste disposed in a day in each bin for 10 months from November 2019 to August 2020. (before and after COVID-19) in SRM hospital. To analyse the data of SRM hospital for type and nature of the biomedical waste maximum generated during COVID-19.
Methods and Material: A study was carried out from November 2019 - August 2020 to determine the change in the quantum of biomedical waste generation before and after COVID – 19 at SRMIST. A separate data log sheet was maintained to check the daily disposal of waste in each category from the wards. Sheet consists of name of the institution, month, a label “COVID - 19 Waste”, timings, columns segregated for each colour bin, and total waste generated per day.
Results: The secondary data obtained was analysed using SPSS 26 trail version and MS Excel and Paired t test was performed. The results showed substantial contrast in waste production before and after COVID-19 across all waste categories following the emergence of the global pandemic.
Conclusions: The global pandemic showed a substantial contrast in waste production before and after COVID-19 across all waste categories. The need for enhancement in handling the waste generation mainly during health crises to be emphasized.
Research on communication behavior between China and the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhao Mingxuan
Published: August 2024

This article critically examines and contrasts the communication responses of China and the United States to the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in Wuhan, China, at the beginning of 2020. By focusing on mass communication and semiotics, we delve into how these two nations have grappled with the crisis. In particular, we explore the communication strategies employed by major social media platforms in each country during the pandemic. Additionally, we investigate public perceptions and reactions toward China based on U.S. media coverage. This comparative analysis sheds light on the pivotal role of communication in shaping global understanding and responses to public health emergencies, emphasizing the need for nuanced and context-aware approaches.
Comparison of Pansharpening Methods Based on Fengyun-4B GHI
Authors: Peng Zhe
Published: August 2024

Pansharpening aims to improve the spatial resolution of multispectral (MS) images while maintaining their spectral properties, which is very important for military reconnaissance, environmental monitoring, urban planning, and other fields that require high-resolution remote sensing data. With the continuous development of global satellite technology, various new types of sensors have emerged, and the data obtained from different     sensors provide valuable resources for scientific research. The fast imager GHI on board the Fengyun-4B star (FY-4B) provides 250m panchromatic (PAN) images and 500m MS images. In order to obtain the desired images at the highest spatial resolution, fusion of the original MS images with the high spatial resolution PAN images using pansharpening techniques to generate high-resolution multispectral images is a feasible way. In this paper, nine commonly used pansharpening algorithms are used to perform synthetic and real experiments on GHI data, and the SFIM method demonstrates excellent performance in both visual and various quantitative metrics evaluations, which are able to accurately retain the spectral properties of the original images while improving the spatial resolution of the images.
Design and Implementation of AlexNet Flower Classification System from the Perspective of Deep Learning
Authors: Zhou Linqi
Published: August 2024

In the field of computer vision, image classification is a fundamental and important task. Traditional image classification methods rely on manually designed feature extractors such as SIFT and HOG, but these methods have limited effect when processing complex image data. With the rise of deep learning technology, especially the rapid development of convolutional neural network (CNN), the accuracy and efficiency of image classification have been significantly improved. AlexNet As a classic model of deep convolutional neural network, it has become a research hotspot in the field of computer vision since it achieved excellent results in the ImageNet large-scale visual recognition competition in 2012. Flower classification is mainly based on botanical and morphological characteristics, which helps scientists and horticulturists to better understand and study different species of flowers. The classification of flowers also helps people to better understand the growth habits, ecological environment and use of flowers, which is of great significance for horticultural cultivation and biodiversity conservation. The experiment mainly uses Alexnet network through the flower image classification, flower five types, through the training set on the flower image feature extraction and model training, and validation in the test set to complete the experiment, the experiment of Alexnet network layer of the corresponding changes, in order to reduce the purpose of calculating complexity, at the same time keep the training accuracy and previous network.
Development and Safety Analysis for Low Concentration Coal-bed Methane Liquefaction Equipment
Authors: Hao Yu
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the principle and characteristics of low concentration coal-bed methane liquefaction process in coal mine area were introduced. The safety performance of the liquefaction process was proved by experimentation. According to the experiments, this paper expounded the security measures those we took. The operation results of pilot plant and industrial demonstration device showed it was security to produce LNG by the cryogenic liquefaction technology of the low concentration coal-bed methane. This technology could be widely used in the coal mine areas those were abundance of coal-bed methane. By using the technology, the product purity could reach 99% and the yield of the methane could reach more than 98%.
Research on Load Forecasting of Power System Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Li Yalei
Published: August 2024

In recent years, with the continuous development of deep learning technology, its application in the fields of image recognition, speech recognition and other fields has achieved remarkable results. Therefore, the introduction of deep learning technology into power system load forecasting can improve the accuracy and stability of forecasting and provide more effective decision support for the operation and scheduling of the power system. Electricity load forecasting is an important support for demand-side resource cooperative control, and its technical principle is to forecast the baseline load and adjustable potential of users through suitable forecasting methods based on the user's gateway or sub-historical load data, historical and future meteorological data, and the combination of the user's production, living behaviour habits and external economic situation and other influencing factors. In order to achieve a more accurate prediction of short-term power loads, the study analyses the results of load prediction using recurrent neural networks and their variants, and the experimental results show that the LSTM prediction model can be well applied to the short-term prediction of power loads in a single week's prediction, and has a more stable accuracy and precision rate.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Trianthema portulacastrum
Authors: Rafi Gulshan , Ur-Rehman Habib-
Published: August 2024

Trianthema portulacastrum is known for its important biological activities and its various parts are used in the folk medicine system to treat various diseases. The extracts of the plant have shown antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antithelmintic, antiglomerulosclerosis anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatotoxic and hypolipidimic activities. Our investigations on the extracts of the plant have shown that they possess promising antioxidant activity. The extracts also showed moderate antibacterial activity indicating that they have substantial DPPH and ABTs free radical scavenging capabilities besides producing morphological changes in the bacteria. The macerated methanolic extracts of the plant have also shown significant antiglycation activity, thus further indicating that they have significant cababilities to suppress the AGEs formation and can therefore act as an antiglycation agent.
AI for Climate Science: Advanced Modeling and Predictive Tools for Climate Change Impact
Authors: Krishna Pasupuleti Murali
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This chapter explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in advancing climate science, focusing on the development of advanced modeling techniques and predictive tools to better understand and mitigate the impacts of climate change. It delves into how AI enhances traditional climate models, enabling higher accuracy and resolution in predicting climate patterns, extreme weather events, and the effects of sea level rise. The chapter also examines the integration of AI with other emerging technologies, such as quantum computing and IoT, to improve climate monitoring and data integration. Additionally, it addresses the challenges of AI in climate science, including model interpretability, data quality, and ethical considerations, while highlighting future trends and the potential for creating a global AI-driven climate science infrastructure. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals working to address the global challenge of climate change. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Climate Science, Climate Modeling, Predictive Tools, Extreme Weather Forecasting, Sea Level Rise, Climate Data Integration, Quantum Computing, Internet of Things (IoT), Ethical Considerations, Global Climate Infrastructure, Climate Mitigation, Climate Adaptation.
Smart Mobility Revolution: Pioneering Innovations in Modern Transportation Systems
Authors: Krishna Pasupuleti Murali
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The chapter titled "Smart Mobility Revolution: Pioneering Innovations in Modern Transportation Systems" delves into the transformative impact of cutting-edge technologies on the future of transportation. It explores how innovations such as autonomous vehicles, connected infrastructure, and Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) platforms are reshaping urban mobility, making it more efficient, sustainable, and user-centric. The chapter discusses the environmental benefits of smart mobility, including the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the promotion of electric vehicles. It also highlights the importance of ensuring accessibility and inclusivity in smart mobility solutions, emphasizing the need for equitable access to these technologies. Additionally, the chapter examines the role of policy and regulation in guiding the development and implementation of smart mobility systems, ensuring that they align with broader societal goals. Through case studies and future-focused analysis, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the smart mobility revolution and its potential to create more connected, sustainable, and livable cities. Keywords: Smart Mobility, Autonomous Vehicles, Connected Infrastructure, Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS), Electric Vehicles (EVs), Urban Mobility, Sustainable Transportation, Accessibility, Inclusivity, Transportation Policy, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Environmental Impact, Smart Cities, Future of Transportation.
প্রাচ্য, প্রতীচ্য ও রবীন্দ্রনাথ
Authors: সনৎকুমার সাহা সনৎকুমার সাহা
Published: August 2024

আজ থেকে পঞ্চাশ বছর আগে বিষয়টি নিয়ে বিতর্ক বাংলা সাহিত্য ও সংস্কৃতি নিয়ে যাঁরা মাথা ঘামান তাঁদের ভেতর যথেষ্ট উত্তেজনা ছড়িয়েছিল। এটা যে তখন কোনো নতুন প্রসঙ্গ ছিল, তা নয়। রবীন্দ্রনাথ বেঁচে থাকতেও টুকটাক অভিযোগ-আলোচনা এখানে-সেখানে কেউ কেউ করেছেন। পত্র-পত্রিকাতেও মাঝে মাঝে তার দেখা মিলেছে। আবার মিলিয়েও গেছে। শেষ পর্যন্ত তাঁর স্বয়ংপ্রভ-সার্বভৌম ভাবমূর্তিই স্থায়ী হয়েছে। এই পরিস্থিতিতে বুদ্ধদেব বসুর আপাত-নিরীহ একটি রচনা চারদিকে তুমুল হৈ-চৈ ফেলে দিয়েছিল। ‘রবীন্দ্রনাথ ও প্রতীচী' নামে লেখাটি প্রথম ছেপে বেরোয় ১৯৬০ সালে। তখন খুব একটা কারো নজরে পড়েনি। অবশ্য তার আগে ওই বছরেই ‘আকাশবাণী'র 'The Indian Listener' মুখপত্রে তাঁর 'Western Influence on Bengali Literature : Rabindranath' ছাপা হয়। বাংলা রচনাটি মোটামুটি ইংরেজির অনুসরণ; কোথাও বা একটু-আধটু সম্প্রসারণ। পরে ইংরেজি- বাংলা, দু'ভাষাতেই লেখাটির পুনর্মুদ্রণ হয়েছে বার কয়েক। প্যারিসের ইঙ্গ-ফরাসি পত্রিকা Two Cities-এও। ১৯৬১তে সম্ভবত রবীন্দ্রজন্মশতবার্ষিকের কারণে, অন্য সময়ের তুলনায় তা বেশি আগ্রহ সৃষ্টি করেছে। হয়ত একই কারণে প্রতিক্রিয়াও তীব্রতর হয়েছে। শতবর্ষে রবীন্দ্রনাথের ভাবপ্রতিমা অতিমানবিক বিভূতি ছড়ায়। আত্মশ্লাঘাও বাংলাভাষী জনগণের বাড়ে। এই পরিমণ্ডলে, তিনি যে পাশ্চাত্যের অনুগামী ছিলেন, এবং তাঁর সুকৃতি অনেকাংশেই তার পরিণাম ফল, কোনো লেখা থেকে যদি এমন ধারণার সৃষ্টি হয়, তবে তার পাঠক- আনুকূল্য পাবার সম্ভাবনা ক্ষীণ হবারই কথা। হয়ত তেমনই। প্রতিবাদ ও প্রত্যাখ্যানের ঝাঁঝ ক্রমশ বাড়ে। তর্ক-বিতর্ক তুমুল হয়ে ওঠে। অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায়ের মতো প্রাজ্ঞ চিন্তাবিদেরও মতামত দেবার প্রয়োজন পড়ে।
দুই মৃণাল : রবীন্দ্র-বিতর্কের এক অনালোচিত অধ্যায়
Authors: সৌমিত্র শেখর সৌমিত্র শেখর
Published: August 2024

মৃণাল দুজন! বাংলা সাহিত্যের, বিশেষ করে বাংলা কথাসাহিত্যের পাঠকসমীপে চরিত্র হিসেবে মৃণালের কথা তুললেই তারা বলবেন রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের 'স্ত্রীর পত্র' ছোটগল্পের মৃণাল আর শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের গৃহদাহ উপন্যাসের মৃণাল প্রসঙ্গ। অবশ্য রবীন্দ্রনাথ স্ত্রী ভবতারিণীর নাম পাল্টে রেখেছিলেন মৃণালিনী দেবী, সেটাও অনেকের জানা। মৃণাল শব্দের আভিধানিক অর্থ পদ্মের ডাঁটা। এই ডাঁটাই অনিন্দ্যসুন্দর পদ্মফুলকে ধারণ করে থাকে, জাগিয়ে রাখে জলসমতল থেকে নান্দনিক দূরত্বে। অর্থাৎ মৃণালকে ভার বহন করতে হয় পদ্মের, নিরংকুশ করতে হয় পদ্ম-সৌন্দর্যের। তাই হয়তো পুত্র বীরবাহুর মৃত্যুসংবাদ শুনে পিতা রাবণের মনের অবস্থা বোঝাতে মাইকেল মধুসূদন দত্ত তাঁর মেঘনাদবধ কাব্যে একটি সুন্দর চিত্রকল্প নির্মাণ করেছেন মৃণালের সহযোগে : হৃদয়-বৃন্তে ফুটে যে কুসুম,/ তাহারে ছিঁড়িলে কাল, বিকল হৃদয়/ ডোবে শোক-সাগরে, মৃণাল যথা জলে,/ যবে কুবলয়ধন লয় কেহ হরি। (বিষ্ণু, ১৯৮৭ : ৩৭) মধুসূদনের এই চমৎকার চিত্রকল্প স্মরণে রেখেই বলতে হয়, মৃণালের গায়ে থাকে কাঁটা। এই কণ্টক প্রকৃতিই তাকে দিয়েছে— আত্মরক্ষার কাজে, হয়তো পদ্মের অস্তিত্ব রক্ষার জন্যও। শরৎচন্দ্র তাঁর গৃহদাহ উপন্যাসে দেখিয়েছেন, মৃণাল চরিত্র শেষ অবধি নিজেই রক্ষা করে নিজেকে। তাই এই চরিত্রের ওপরই ঔপন্যাসিক অর্পণ করেছেন সমাজগতির নির্দেশনা। সংস্কারপ্রবণ বিধবা হলেও ঔপন্যাসিকের দৃষ্টিতে মৃণাল ‘তীক্ষ্ণদৃষ্টি রমণী’। উপন্যাসের প্রান্তিকে মহিমের শেষ আশ্রয়স্থল এই মৃণাল। মহিম মৃণালকে বলেছে : ‘অচলা আমাকে একটা আশ্রয়ের কথা জিজ্ঞাসা করেছিল মৃণাল, কিন্তু আমি তার জবাব দিতে পারি নি। তোমার কাছে হয়ত সে একটা উত্তর পেতেও পারে।' শরৎচন্দ্রের মৃণাল এভাবেই ঔপন্যাসিকের প্রার্থিত সামাজিক মূল্যবোধ রক্ষা করেছিল। রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের 'স্ত্রীর পত্র' ছোটগল্পের মৃণাল সাহসী নারীর প্রতিনিধি হয়ে ছিন্ন করেছিল সমাজ আর সংসারের বন্ধন। শরৎচন্দ্রের মৃণালের কাজটি সে সময় ও সমাজে স্বাভাবিক ছিল; রবীন্দ্রনাথের মৃণালের কাজটি স্বাভাবিক ছিল না। তাই রবীন্দ্রনাথের মৃণালের এই কর্মকে প্রশ্ন করেছিলেন তৎকালে অনেকে। দেশবন্ধু চিত্তরঞ্জন দাশ ও বিপিনচন্দ্র পালও ছিলেন এই প্রশ্নকারীদের মধ্যে।
রশীদ করীমের প্রবন্ধ : সমকালীন সাহিত্য ও সাহিত্যিক প্রসঙ্গ
Authors: মোমেনুর রসুল
Published: August 2024

চিন্তার গভীরতায়, মননের ঔজ্জ্বল্যে, প্রতিভার দ্যুতিময়তায় রশীদ করীম (১৯২৫-২০১১) বাংলা সাহিত্যে অনন্যসাধারণ ও ব্যতিক্রমধর্মী লেখক হিসেবে পরিচিত। চার দশকের বিস্তৃত পট পরিসরে তিনি কখনও ঔপন্যাসিক, কখনও গল্পকার, কখনও প্রাবন্ধিক, আবার কখনওবা অনুবাদকের পরিচয় নিয়ে আমাদের সম্মুখে উপস্থিত হয়েছেন। প্রতিটি পরিচয়েই তিনি তাঁর প্রাতিস্বিক প্রতিভার উজ্জ্বল স্বাক্ষর রাখতে পেরেছেন। কথাসাহিত্যিক হিসেবে রশীদ করীম বহুল আলোচিত হলেও তাঁর প্রাবন্ধিক সত্তা গুরুত্বহীন নয়। লেখকজীবনের সূচনাপর্বে ছোটগল্প ও উপন্যাস রচনায় অসাধারণ মুন্সীয়ানা প্রদর্শন করলেও পরবর্তী সময়ে প্রবন্ধ রচনায় তিনি গভীরভাবে মনোনিবেশ করেন।
হুমায়ূনের মুক্তিযুদ্ধের উপন্যাস : মানবিকতা ও সামগ্রিকতার শিল্পভাষ্য
Authors: মোহাম্মদ কুদরত-ই-হুদা
Published: August 2024

১৯৭১ সালের মুক্তিযুদ্ধ নিঃসন্দেহে বাঙালি জাতির সবচেয়ে তাৎপর্যপূর্ণ ঐতিহাসিক ঘটনা। এটি কেবল বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতা-সার্বভৌমত্ব অর্জনের কারণে তাৎপর্যপূর্ণ তা নয়, বরং এটি একটি জনগোষ্ঠীর সত্তার আবিষ্কার এবং নির্মাণের জন্যও গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। ১৯৫২ সালের ভাষা আন্দোলন থেকে ১৯৭০ সালের নির্বাচন পর্যন্ত নানা আন্দোলন-সংগ্রাম পূর্ববাংলার বাঙালি জনগোষ্ঠীর মধ্যে জাতিসত্তার আকাঙ্ক্ষার যে অস্পষ্ট রূপাবয়ব তৈরি করেছিল, তা-ই ১৯৭১ সালে স্পষ্টতা পায়। নতুন পরিস্থিতিতে বাঙালির অর্থনৈতিক-রাজনৈতিক- সাংস্কৃতিক ভবিষ্যৎ একটি স্পষ্ট আদল বা রূপরেখায় ধরা পড়ে। বাঙালির মধ্যে জন্ম নেয় শোষণহীন, উদার-গণতান্ত্রিক, অসাম্প্রদায়িক এবং একই সঙ্গে বিপ্লবের স্পন্দনে স্পন্দিত এক রাষ্ট্রের বাসনা। এই নতুন রাষ্ট্রের বাসনা স্বাধীনতা-পরবর্তী সময়ে কতটা পূরণ হয়েছে সেটি ভিন্ন বিতর্ক, কিন্তু মুক্তিযুদ্ধের নয় মাসে যে জনগণীয় বাসনা তৈরি হয়েছিল, এ-বিষয়ে সন্দেহ নেই। ১৯৭১ সালের যুদ্ধে বাংলাদেশের জনগণের ব্যাপক অংশ অস্ত্র হাতে নিয়েছিল। তাদের মনে নতুন যুগের স্বাভাবিক আশা জেগেছিল। এই 'নতুন যুগের আশা' এবং নবতর রাষ্ট্রীয় বাসনার সঙ্গে সম্পৃক্ত বলেই মুক্তিযুদ্ধ বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাসের সবচেয়ে তাৎপর্যপূর্ণ ঘটনা। যুদ্ধ-পরবর্তী বাংলাদেশ রাষ্ট্রের রূপরেখা যে-ঘটনার মধ্য দিয়ে স্পষ্ট হয়ে উঠেছিল তার অনন্যতা অনস্বীকার্য। ফলে, ১৯৭১ সালের মুক্তিযুদ্ধ কেবল ত্রিশ লক্ষ মানুষের আত্মদান, পাকিস্তানি সেনাবাহিনীর বর্বরতা, নারীর সম্ভ্রমহানির নির্মম আলেখ্য নয়, তারও অতিরিক্ত কিছু। এই যুদ্ধের উদ্দেশ্য, আদর্শ, সমাগম, ব্যাপ্তি, গভীরতা, ধ্বংস, সৃজন — এসব কেবল মহাকাব্যের আয়োজনের সঙ্গেই তুলনীয়।
AQINet: A multimodal deep convolutional neural network to predict Air Quality Index via satellite imagery and meteorological data
Authors: Sihorwala Zoaib
Published: August 2024

Air pollution is a pressing ecological issue with significant impacts on both public health and the environment. Poor air quality is a major contributor to respiratory diseases and is linked to millions of deaths annually, but many countries cannot afford air monitoring equipment. This lack of data makes it difficult to assess the health and environmental risks resulting from pollutant exposure. To address this problem, we present a multimodal model to inexpensively predict air quality levels in densely populated areas. Our research leverages both satellite imagery and meteorological data to create accurate air quality predictions. We sourced urban and suburban satellite imagery from the National Agriculture Imaging Program, meteorological data from Open-Meteo, and air quality data from OpenWeatherMap, to create a dataset named AQISet. AQISet is publicly available and free to download. The goal was for the model to implicitly learn spatial features in each image, such as roads, greenery, and bodies of water, and then combine this info with meteorological data to predict AQI. Using multiple computer vision techniques, the model was able to predict AQI with a mean absolute error of 16 AQI and a classification accuracy of 77% based on the EPA’s AQI standards categories. Our results establish a baseline for AQI prediction from satellite imagery and are a vast improvement over state-of-the-art pre-trained general computer vision models.
A Novel Approach to Inhibit MAP2K1 Overexpression Present in Melorheostosis Utilizing Moringa oleifera Extracts
Authors: Gududuru Ashmith
Published: August 2024

Melorheostosis is a rare bone disorder characterized by a mutation in the MAP2K1 gene in the MAPK signaling pathways, overproducing MEK1 protein, resulting in abnormal, flowing bone growth. Treatment and diagnosis options are limited; therefore, this experiment explores the use of Moringa oleifera, a promising natural product, as a potential treatment option for melorheostosis. In this experiment M. oleifera seed and leaf extract was fed to Drosophila melanogaster and DSOR1 protein (an ortholog of the MEK1 protein) was extracted from samples and examined through a western blot. However, experimental results were inconclusive due to technical issues in the western blotting process. This paper serves as a novel method to study MEK1 protein expression in humans through the use of D. melanogaster and natural product chemistry. Future research possibilities include rerunning the western blot and optimizing the conditions, testing the synergistic effects of leaf and seed extracts, and investigating moringin (an isothiocyanate found in M. oleifera leaves).
An Analysis on Genomic Correlation for Gallstone Susceptibility
Authors: Srinath Sanjita
Published: August 2024

Gallstones, typically benign and harmless hardened deposits of digestive fluids, present in the gallbladder can cause severe painful complications if left untreated and can lead to removal surgery. (Gallstones, 2021) Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis can be used to find potential genetic links through the analysis of logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores which can indicate a possible connection between those loci on the mouse chromosome and phenotypic presentation of a trait (Myles & Wayne, 2008) linked to gallstone susceptibility such as weight, presence, severity and liver weight. Analyses were performed using the R/QTL package on a cohort of mice, in an intercross breed and fed a high-fat diet (Lyons, 2003). Analyses were compared between augmented data sets (to possibly prevent overfitting) and an analysis run on a non-augmented data set.
Using Bromelain Application to Inhibit the Spread of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Promote Tissue Regeneration in Red Bell Pepper Plants
Authors: Duru Chisom
Published: August 2024

Plant viruses are a prevalent issue as they pose detrimental effects on agriculture, the food economy, and numerous individuals worldwide. One major effect of these viruses is tissue necrosis (breakdown of tissue), which plays a significant role in the decrease of crop yields. This study focused on the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), which infects over 350 plant species, causes necrotic symptoms, and exhibits a high transmission rate. Presently, various pesticides are in use that cause health issues in humans and are ineffective as some plants exhibit resistance. Moreover, this research aims to inhibit the spread of TMV in red bell pepper plants and promote tissue regeneration using an enzymatic approach since some enzymes have defense capabilities. A protease derived from pineapple, bromelain, was implemented due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Bromelain was introduced to the plants as a pre-treatment before infection of TMV to analyze potential antiviral effects. Additionally, bromelain appeared to have correlations with a defensive enzyme located within plants known as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), which initiates the production of secondary metabolites. Using ImageJ software, the amount of plant tissue damage was highlighted and calculated, and a PAL assay was later conducted in conjunction with UV-Vis Spectroscopy to determine the level of PAL within the infected plants. Based on the experimental results, higher concentrations of bromelain contributed to lower levels of PAL, while lower concentrations of bromelain contributed to higher levels of PAL, indicating that higher treatment concentrations produced more antiviral activity.
Predicting Network Traffic Flow with a Multi-Layer Short-Term Memory Model
Authors: Puvvala Taran
Published: August 2024

In the dynamic realm of digital communication, managing and optimizing network traffic is critical. Efficient forecasting of network traffic volumes, crucial for maintaining network quality, poses significant challenges due to the volatile nature of data flow. This study introduces a novel approach using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to enhance forecasting accuracy. We compare a multi-layer LSTM, designed to capture complex dependencies within the data, with a traditional single-layer LSTM, offering insights into their respective capabilities. The multi-layer LSTM’s architecture allows it to excel in understanding deeper temporal patterns, making it a significant advancement over simpler models. By employing these two architectures, our research aims to improve predictive performance in network traffic forecasting, crucial for optimized network management and planning. The findings reveal that the multi-layer model significantly outperforms its single-layer counterpart, demonstrating the potential of sophisticated LSTM networks in practical applications.
Inhibition of TORC1 Pathway in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae to Induce Autophagy Using Graphene Oxide
Authors: Jonnavithula Sesha
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder that affects close to six million people in the US alone. The disease is characterized by amyloid beta plaque buildup in the brain which limits proper communication and connection between neurons. Patients with AD were shown to have lower rates of autophagy in neuronal cells. Autophagy is the cellular process by which waste buildup is broken down through lysosomal activity. In mammals, the activated mTORC1 pathway inhibits autophagy in the presence of growth factors and amino acids. To explore the potential of using autophagic activity to break down amyloid beta plaques, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, which conserves mTORC1 as TORC1, could be used as a model organism. This project focuses on the inhibitory effectiveness of Graphene Oxide (GO) on the TORC1 pathway in S. cerevisiae. Firstly, the cytotoxicity of GO to the S. cerevisiae species was tested to ensure GO did not hamper cell proliferation by growing S. cerevisiae in a medium which included various concentrations of GO. Then, a fluorescent marker, Rosella, which indicates autophagic activity was used to measure the effects of GO. The S. cerevisiae was transformed with the Rosella plasmid to give it fluorescent properties, following which the S. cerevisiae was grown in the presence of various GO concentrations. The resultant emissions revealed the relationship between the concentration of GO and the induction of autophagy through inhibition of the TORC1 pathway. By inducing autophagy, GO could prove to be the key to breaking down amyloid beta plaques and treating AD.
Analyzing Carbon-13 NMR Spectra to Predict Chemical Shifts of Carbon Compounds using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Agrawala Pranav
Published: August 2024

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a fundamental tool in chemistry for elucidating the molecular structure of unidentified substances. The evaluation of 13C NMR spectra can be challenging due to the numerous factors that affect the peaks and their locations (chemical shifts). Chemists can use NMR spectroscopy in synthesizing new molecules to confirm the identity of the molecule produced. Since the NMR spectrum for the molecule does not exist, the chemists cannot compare their spectra with preexisting spectra to verify their results. To address this, an algorithm that predicts the chemical shifts of the 13C NMR spectra for compounds based on their molecular structure emerges as a solution, generating artificial spectra for comparison with real ones. This paper delineates a method to formulate such an algorithm using machine learning techniques. Multiple graph neural networks and a classical neural network underwent training on an NMR database to predict the chemical shifts of the 13C NMR spectra for several molecules. The accuracy of each neural network was tested by analyzing the difference between the predictions and the actual chemical shift values in the database using Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Notably, the graph neural networks had a higher accuracy and precision than the classical neural network. Among them, the Graph Transformer Network emerges as the most proficient performer. Chemists can utilize the Graph Transformer Network model to validate the synthesis of new compounds within a margin of error of approximately 2.599 ppm.