bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moving beyond the past: The role of historical closure in conflict resolution
Authors: Bilewicz Michał
Published: March 2020

This article discusses the role of historical closure in conflict resolution and reconciliation, departing from the example of the Polish Round Table negotiations in 1989. The concept of a “thick line” (“Gruba kreska” or “Schlussstrich”) was used in several historical contexts, showing the intention to detach from history when resolving pressing current societal issues. Historical evidence suggests that it was an intentionally chosen strategy by both sides taking part in the Round Table negotiations in 1989. Historical closure is known to have good consequences for building mutual trust, improving attitudes and making contact interventions more effective in improving intergroup relations. This is mostly attributed to the fact that historical crimes can have a long-standing impact on intergroup relations: past victimhood and perpetratorship lead to current grievances, denial, and mistrust. Only when these historical roles are overcome can both parties achieve any agreement. At the same time, historical closure breeds a sense of injustice among political followers and gives birth to numerous conspiracy theories. This article analyzes these problems in the Polish context and beyond.
The Söderberg Socket 2.0: A Technical Note
Authors: Söderberg Bengt , Guerra Gary , Fagerstrom Teddy , Permpool Kwannate , Phaipool Sarawanee
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND: Transtibial prosthesis socket trim lines have remained fairly consistent over the past decade, and based on methods such as a supracondylar cuff suspension. However, with vacuum suspension methods, trim lines can change.

OBJECTIVE: An objective of this technical note was to inform practitioners how to fabricate a socket in a better way. A step-by-step fabrication guide is provided for the prosthetist.

METHODS: A unilateral transtibial amputee was selected for this technical note. We provide a detailed description of the different steps of fabrication as well as patient feedback. The fabrication involved fabrication of a vacuum socket using Pre-preg carbon fiber and anti-bacterial Ethylene-Vinyl-Acetate (EVA), as a proximal flexible brim.

FINDINGS: The properties of EVA and Pre-preg carbon fiber allow for fabrication of a transtibial socket with a flexible proximal brim. The new design resulted in greater comfort and increased range of motion in the patient studied. The patient subjectively noted enhanced squatting and cycling capabilities while using the updated socket and flexible proximal brim.

CONCLUSION: This technical note presented a fabrication guide for a new style of socket and preliminary patient feedback. Clinical studies evaluating functional and biomechanical effects of this new socket design are needed.

Layman’s abstract:

The lower limb prosthetic socket is crucial for comfort and function of a lower limb amputee. A socket which is well-fitting and which adjusts to the user’s unique needs is an important shared goal for the prosthetist and user. Traditional types of prosthetic sockets might not always fit the needs of the user.  Our patient desired a socket that would allow him to bend his knee in a greater range of motion than a traditional type of socket was permitting him to do. We provided a prosthetic socket which had a flexible top portion that could allow a greater range of motion and vacuum suction suspension with his limb. This socket combined a flexible type material with a specialty carbon fiber to meet the patient’s needs. These two technical improvements to his socket evidenced a reported increase in recreational activity of the patient. Future work can evaluate the underlying biomechanical mechanisms during walking and recreational activities for patients fit with our style of socket. This work could further our understanding of patient function in the studied prosthetic socket.

Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/33505/25944

How to Cite: Söderberg B, Guerra G, Fagerstrom T, Permpool K, Phaipool S. The Söderberg socket 2.0: A technical note. Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. 2019;Volume2, Issue2, No.3. https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v2i2.33505

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:Gary Guerra, Ph.D Sirindhorn School of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.Email: gary.gue@mahidol.eduORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-4616
Insinööriopetuksen kohtalonhetket
Authors: Koponen Heikki
Published: March 2020

Insinöörikoulutuksen kohdalla eräs monille sukupolville harmaita hiuksia tuottanut kysymys on tasapainoilu koulutuksen yleissivistävien ja ammattiosaamista tuottavien sisältöjen välillä. Vastatakseen tulevaisuuden monimutkaisiin haasteisiin, myös insinöörikoulutuksen on uudistuttava.
Proceso de comunicación integral de marketing y las relaciones públicas del sector comercial de Tungurahua
Authors: Portero Capuz Wilson , Tenecota Cando Diego , Guerrero-Velástegui Cesar
Published: March 2020

Tradicionalmente, los diferentes agentes que intervienen en el proceso de comunicación han operado en un sector relativamente competitivo. En el que la mayor parte del presupuesto comunicacional se ha destinado fundamentalmente a la publicidad masiva convencional. Frente a ello es importante realizar un análisis profundo para determinar el tipo de medios a utilizar para llegar con el mensaje de una forma eficaz al público objetivo, rompiendo con ello el uso indiscriminado de los medios masivos. La investigación será de tipo cuantitativo de carácter descriptivo, porque se procura determinar los factores importantes que deben ser medidos para el análisis de las relaciones públicas en el sector comercial y cuantitativo descriptivo porque se recopilará información cuantificable para ser utilizada en el análisis estadístico. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal analizar el marketing desde una perspectiva de necesidad, poniendo a disposición del público un producto o servicio que lo satisfaga en manera, forma, tiempo, precio y el canal adecuado de forma rentable, publicidad, creando contenidos info-comerciales que transmitan un mensaje, un beneficio y convenzan al público sobre el producto, y finalmente, relaciones públicas que tiene el propósito de interactuar con el mercado y la sociedad en general.
Structural patterns of a coastal hermit crab-gastropod shell interaction network: new insights from a unique relationship
Authors: Rodrigues GFB , Ballarin CS , Fransozo A , Amorim FW
Published: March 2020

Hermit crabs are ideal organisms for assessing how species that share resources can coexist, as these crustacean species have an intimate relationship with gastropod shells and therefore compete for this particular resource. There is compelling evidence that hermit crabs do not interact with gastropod shells randomly, but few studies have investigated the community-level interactions between hermit crabs and shells. Here we used network analyses to present the first community-level assessment of the structure of a hermit crab-shell interaction network in a coastal region in southeastern Brazil in order to identify mechanisms that underlie hermit crab coexistence. Our results show that the hermit crab-gastropod shell interaction network was non-nested, specialized, and modular. The modular network structure revealed differences in resource use among hermit crab species. The network structure departs from those of free-living species in which the lack of interaction intimacy between species leads to a nested pattern. Thus, the morphological specialization of hermit crabs in relation to their host shells appears to play an important role in structuring the community-level interaction network. Future studies should evaluate the relative importance of abundance and functional traits in the structure of this unique interaction network.
Dispositivos culturales. Mecanismos de sociabilidad en contextos de conflicto armado
Authors: Luquetta Cediel David Jerónimo , Beltrán Romero Claudia , Romero Moreno Marta , Navarro Díaz Luis Ricardo
Published: March 2020

Este texto hace parte del desarrollo del proyecto de investigación titulado Procesos de memoria histórica y prácticas comunicativas en la vereda La Bonga-Bolívar, en el cual se buscan identificar los dispositivos culturales potencialmente valiosos para mediar en los conflictos entre comunidades. El proyecto se centra en la relación entre la población de San Basilio de Palenque, en su papel de población receptora, y la comunidad desplazada de la vereda La Bonga, en el departamento de Bolívar, Colombia. Nos referimos a un desplazamiento ocurrido en abril de 2001, cuando fueron objetivo de amenazas por parte del grupo paramilitar Bloque Montes de María. En este artículo se plantea la importancia de los dispositivos culturales y su mediación en contextos de conflicto armado.
Propuesta de un sistema contable de dirección estratégica para pequeñas y medianas empresas
Authors: Farfán Liévano María Angélica
Published: March 2020

Se hace una referencia a cómo la contabilidad y la administración trabajan mancomunadamente para el beneficio de la organización. La administración direcciona la actividad de quienes la integran y plantea objetivos y metas, de los cuales la contabilidad se encarga de establecer mediciones útiles para su seguimiento y posteriores ajustes por parte de la administración. Se identifican tres componentes propios del sistema contable de dirección estratégica que son el componente estratégico, prospectivo y de mejoramiento interno, y dos componentes complementarios que surgen de la información contable habitualmente disponible, siendo el control un elemento transversal en todos los componentes.
ANALYSIS OF TEACHER'S STYLE TEACHING IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING IN CLASS IV SDN 005 CONTROL IV IV KOTO ROKAN HULU DISTRICT
Authors: Novianti Risda
Published: March 2020

Teaching style is a very important aspect that should be considered by teachers and education officials because teaching style is the key to success in creating a more interesting and interactive learning environment. The purpose of this study is: to describe the teaching style applied by the teacher in the implementation of mathematics learning in class IV SDN 005 IV IV Koto District of Rokan Hulu. The subjects in this study were grade IV teachers of SDN 005 IV Koto. The research method used in this research is descriptive with data collection techniques through observation, and documentation. The results showed that the fourth grade teachers of SDN 005 IV IV Koto applied a classical, technological, personalized, and interactional teaching style in the implementation of mathematics learning. Classical teaching style looks very dominantly applied. Whereas technological teaching style, personalized teaching style, and interactional teaching style are still not optimal in its application. Basically the teacher must continue to improve his teaching style adapted to the demands of current learning where the role of students is required to be more active and dominate learning and the teacher is only as a facilitator
Killing Scottish Toryism
Authors: Edwards Owen Dudley
Published: March 2020

This essay dissects the early premiership of Mr Boris Johnson with particular focus on his impact upon the Scottish Conservatives, and upon his biography of a previous Conservative Prime Minister: The Churchill Factor – How One Man Made History.
One-Way Wave Equation Derived from Impedance Theorem
Authors: Bschorr Oskar , Raida Hans-Joachim
Published: March 2020

The wave equations for longitudinal and transverse waves being used in seismic calculations are based on the classical force/moment balance. Mathematically, these equations are 2nd order partial differential equations (PDE) and contain two solutions with a forward and a backward propagating wave, therefore also called “Two-way wave equation”. In order to solve this inherent ambiguity many auxiliary equations were developed being summarized under “One-way wave equation”. In this article the impedance theorem is interpreted as a wave equation with a unique solution. This 1st order PDE is mathematically more convenient than the 2nd order PDE. Furthermore the 1st order wave equation being valid for three-dimensional wave propagation in an inhomogeneous continuum is derived.
Mechanized Technology Research and Equipment Application of Banana Post-Harvesting: A Review
Authors: Guo Jie , Duan Jieli , Li Jun , Yang Zhou
Published: March 2020

In all operations of banana post-harvesting, picking and transportation are the operations with the highest labor intensity and the highest production costs. The operation of banana de-handing is still in the traditional stage by manual cutting, which seriously impedes the development of the banana industry towards mechanization, automation and intelligence. This review summarizes and analyzes the mechanized technology research status and equipment application of the banana picking, transportation and de-handing operations in banana orchards around the world and proposes basic ideas and constructive suggestions for quickening the mechanized development of banana post-harvesting.
Changes and Interactions between Grassland Ecosystem Soil and Plant Properties under Long-Term Mineral Fertilization
Authors: Vargová Vladimíra , Kanianska Radoslava , Kizeková Miriam , Šiška Bernard , Kováčiková Zuzana , Michalec Milan
Published: March 2020

Grasslands intensification by use of mineral fertilization has contributed substantially to the increase in forage production. Intensification, however, can degrade the other beneficial functions or soil properties. The effects of mineral fertilization on soil and plant chemical qualities of a permanent wet grassland (Festucetum pratense association) were investigated in Slovakia. The grassland was treated using 3 different N, P, and K rates of mineral fertilizers in kg. ha−1. yr−1 plus the Control (0NPK) almost over 60-year period (1961–2017). The N, P, and K rates in low NPK treatment (LNPK) were N50, P15.4, and K 41.5, in the medium NPK treatment (MNPK) were N100, P30.8, and K83, and in the high NPK treatment (HNPK) were N200, P 61.6, and K 166, respectively. Overall, soil variables (pH, soil organic carbon, plant-available K) showed the most significant changes. A more balanced development was observed in case of soil total nitrogen, C:N ratio, and plant-available P. ANOVA revealed a significant effect between treatments only on plant-available P. In the case of plant functional group development, long-term mineral addition significantly disfavors legumes and forbs. However, analyses of the botanical composition over the last 5 years showed that legume cover significantly differs only in the HNPK treatment. Plant C:P, N:P, and N:K ratios were significantly reduced when fertilizers were added. In terms of grasslands yields, the highest biomass and content of macronutrients were obtained under the HNPK rates. However, with regard to the quality and quantity of the soil organic matter, the most appropriate treatment has been with the MNPK rates. Our findings demonstrate that medium fertilization seems to be an acceptable compromise to meet both productivity and environmental aspects and to connect ecological benefits with social benefits in the long term.
New Case of False-Star-Grass (Chloris distichophylla) Population Evolving Glyphosate Resistance
Authors: Vázquez-García José G. , Golmohammadzadeh Sajedeh , Palma-Bautista Candelario , Rojano-Delgado Antonia M. , Domínguez-Valenzuela José A. , Cruz-Hipólito Hugo E. , De Prado Rafael
Published: March 2020

Chloris distichophylla, suspected of glyphosate resistance (GR), was collected from areas of soybean cultivation in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A comparison was made with a susceptible population (GS) to evaluate the resistance level, mechanisms involved, and control alternatives. Glyphosate doses required to reduce the dry weight (GR50) or cause a mortality rate of 50% (LD50) were around 5.1–3 times greater in the GR population than in the GS population. The shikimic acid accumulation was around 6.2-fold greater in GS plants than in GR plants. No metabolized glyphosate was found in either GR or GS plants. Both populations did not differ in the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) basal activity or in vitro inhibition of EPSPS activity by glyphosate (I50). The maximum glyphosate absorption was observed at 96 hours after treatment (HAT), which was twofold higher in the GS plants than in the GR plants. This confirms the first case of glyphosate resistance in C. distichophylla. In addition, at 96 HAT, the GS plants translocated more 14C-glyphosate than the GR ones. The best options for the chemical control of both C. distichophylla populations were clethodim, quizalofop, paraquat, glufosinate, tembotrione, diuron, and atrazine. The first case of glyphosate resistance in C. distichophylla was due to impaired uptake and translocation. Chemical control using multiple herbicides with different modes of action (MOA) could be a tool used for integrated weed management (IWM) programs.
Standardized Plant Extract Alleviates the Negative Effects of FMD Vaccination on Animal Performance
Authors: Upadhaya Santi Devi , Kim Yong Min , Shi Huan , Le Cour Grandmaison Josselin , Blanchard Alexandra , Kim In Ho
Published: March 2020

The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of a plant extract (PE) on growth performance and immune status in foot and mouth disease (FMD)-vaccinated growing pigs. A total of 120 crossed ((Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc) growing pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 24.66 ± 2.34 kg and an average age of 70 days were randomized into three groups (10 pens; 4 pigs per pen per treatment) as follows: a nonvaccinated negative control group (NV), a FMD vaccinated group (OV), and a third group received a 0.0125% PE supplement after vaccination (PV), in a 6-week trial. The PV group receiving PE supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the BW compared with the OV group, and average daily gain (ADG) during days 1–14, overall and gain-to-feed ratio (G: F) in days 1–14, and dry matter (DM) digestibility at week 6 were higher (p < 0.05) in the PV compared with the OV group. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in haptoglobin concentration was observed in the OV group compared with the NV group at 25 days postvaccination. The inhibition percentage of antibodies against FMD in the sera reached above 50% in the PV group 5 days earlier than in the OV group. The findings suggest that the inclusion of PE in the diet promoted the performance of vaccinated growing pigs.
Diagnosis of Centrocestus formosanus Infection in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) in Italy: A Window to a New Globalization-Derived Invasive Microorganism
Authors: Pace Antonino , Dipineto Ludovico , Aceto Serena , Censullo Maria Concetta , Valoroso Maria Carmen , Varriale Lorena , Rinaldi Laura , Menna Lucia Francesca , Fioretti Alessandro , Borrelli Luca
Published: March 2020

Centrocestus formosanus is a digenetic trematode with a complex life cycle, involving invertebrate and vertebrate hosts, humans included. In particular, it causes gill lesions and mortality in freshwater fish species, and gastrointestinal symptoms in infected humans. Here, we describe the occurrence of C. formosanus infection in zebrafish imported in Italy and propose a newly designed species-specific primer pair to ameliorate the diagnostic investigations for C. formosanus. Gill arches of 30 zebrafish were examined for the presence of encysted metacercariae under a stereomicroscope and processed through molecular analyses targeting the ribosomal internal transcribed sequence 2 (ITS2). Although C. formosanus distribution was originally restricted to Asia, it has been subsequently reported in new countries, revealing itself as an invasive species and raising important concerns for biodiversity, economy, scientific research, as well as animal and public health. Given the crucial role played by the ornamental fish industry in spreading this parasite, there is an urgent need for control measures to prevent the introduction and establishment of C. formosanus in non-endemic areas, including Europe. We also suggest developing new strategies in microbiology and epidemiology to better explore this new globalization-derived invasive species.
Molecular Characterization and Expression Profiles of the Ovine LHβ Gene and Its Association with Litter Size in Chinese Indigenous Small-Tailed Han Sheep
Authors: Wang Weimin , La Yongfu , Li Fadi , Liu Shijia , Pan Xiangyu , Li Chong , Zhang Xiaoxue
Published: March 2020

The luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide (LHβ) is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by basophilic granular cells of the adenohypophysis, and plays an important role in mammalian follicular development. In this study, we cloned and analyzed the cDNA sequence of the ovine LHβ gene. RT-qPCR analysis showed that ovine LHβ was widely expressed in tissues, with significantly higher expression in the hypophysis than that in other tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, rumen, duodenum, muscle, fat, hypothalamus, and sex glands) (p < 0.01). Hypophyseal expression of LHβ mRNA in lamb increased with age and reached a peak at 70 days, although a slight decrease was observed at 84 days of age. In addition, the synonymous mutation g.727C > T detected in the LHβ gene was confirmed to be significantly associated with the litter size (p < 0.01). Ewes carrying the TT genotype produced more lambs than those carrying the TC and CC genotypes (0.42 and 0.39 per delivery, respectively; p < 0.05). Our results confirm the association of ovine LHβ with litter size in Small-Tailed Han Sheep and implicate LHβ as a candidate for improving reproductive traits in agricultural sheep breeding programs.
GDF-9 and BMP-15 mRNA Levels in Canine Cumulus Cells Related to Cumulus Expansion and the Maturation Process
Authors: Ramirez George , Palomino Jaime , Aspee Karla , De los Reyes Monica
Published: March 2020

The competence to undergo expansion is a characteristic of cumulus cells (CCs). The aim was to investigate the expression of GDF-9 and BMP-15 mRNA in canine cumulus cells in relation to cumulus expansion and meiotic development over the estrous cycle. CCs were recovered from nonmatured and in vitro-matured (IVM) dog cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs), which were obtained from antral follicles at different phases of the estrous cycle. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) was used to evaluate the relative abundance of GDF-9 and BMP-15 transcripts from the CCs with or without signs of expansion. The results were evaluated by ANOVA and logistic regression. The maturity of the oocyte and the expansion process affected the mRNA levels in CCs. There were differences (p < 0.05) in GDF-9 and BMP-15 gene expression in CCs isolated from nonmatured COCs when comparing the reproductive phases. Lower mRNA levels (p < 0.05) were observed in anestrus and proestrus in comparison to those in estrus and diestrus. In contrast, when comparing GDF-9 mRNA levels in IVM COCs, no differences were found among the phases of the estrous cycle in expanded and nonexpanded CCs (p < 0.05). However, the highest (p < 0.05) BMP-15 gene expression in CCs that did not undergo expansion was exhibited in anestrus and the lowest (p < 0.05) expression was observed in estrus in expanded CCs. Although the stage of the estrous cycle did not affect the second metaphase (MII )rates, the expanded CCs obtained at estrus coexisted with higher percentages of MII (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the differential expression patterns of GDF-9 and BMP-15 mRNA transcripts might be related to cumulus expansion and maturation processes, suggesting specific regulation and temporal changes in their expression.
Potential Use of Time-Lapse Surface Seismics for Monitoring Thawing of the Terrestrial Arctic
Authors: Stemland Helene Meling , Johansen Tor Arne , Ruud Bent Ole
Published: March 2020

The terrestrial Arctic is warming rapidly, causing changes in the degree of freezing of the upper sediments, which the mechanical properties of unconsolidated sediments strongly depend upon. This study investigates the potential of using time-lapse surface seismics to monitor thawing of currently (partly) frozen ground utilizing synthetic and real seismic data. First, we construct a simple geological model having an initial temperature of −5 °C, and infer constant surface temperatures of −5 °C, +1 °C, +5 °C, and +10 °C for four years to this model. The geological models inferred by the various thermal regimes are converted to seismic models using rock physics modeling and subsequently seismic modeling based on wavenumber integration. Real seismic data reflecting altered surface temperatures were acquired by repeated experiments in the Norwegian Arctic during early autumn to mid-winter. Comparison of the surface wave characteristics of both synthetic and real seismic data reveals time-lapse effects that are related to thawing caused by varying surface temperatures. In particular, the surface wave dispersion is sensitive to the degree of freezing in unconsolidated sediments. This demonstrates the potential of using surface seismics for Arctic climate monitoring, but inversion of dispersion curves and knowledge of the local near-surface geology is important for such studies to be conclusive.
Monte Carlo Optimization for Sliding Window Size in Dixon Quality Control of Environmental Monitoring Time Series Data
Authors: Fan Zhongya , Feng Huiyun , Jiang Jingang , Zhao Changjin , Jiang Ni , Wang Wencai , Zeng Fantang
Published: March 2020

Outliers are often present in large datasets of water quality monitoring time series data. A method of combining the sliding window technique with Dixon detection criterion for the automatic detection of outliers in time series data is limited by the empirical determination of sliding window sizes. The scientific determination of the optimal sliding window size is very meaningful research work. This paper presents a new Monte Carlo Search Method (MCSM) based on random sampling to optimize the size of the sliding window, which fully takes advantage of computers and statistics. The MCSM was applied in a case study to automatic monitoring data of water quality factors in order to test its validity and usefulness. The results of comparing the accuracy and efficiency of the MCSM show that the new method in this paper is scientific and effective. The experimental results show that, at different sample sizes, the average accuracy is between 58.70% and 75.75%, and the average computation time increase is between 17.09% and 45.53%. In the era of big data in environmental monitoring, the proposed new methods can meet the required accuracy of outlier detection and improve the efficiency of calculation.
Self-Expandable Retainer for Endoscopic Visualization in the External Auditory Canal: Proof of Concept in Human Cadavers
Authors: Kim Yehree , Kang Jeon Min , Song Ho-Young , Kang Woo Seok , Park Jung-Hoon , Chung Jong Woo
Published: March 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of a self-expandable retainer (SER) for endoscopic visualization of the external auditory canal (EAC). Tympanomeatal flap (TMF) elevation was performed in six cadaveric heads. Two different types of SER were placed. The procedural feasibility was assessed by endoscopic images. Technical success rate, procedure time, endoscopy lens cleaning, and presence of mucosal injuries were analyzed. TMF elevation and SER placement were successful in all specimens and there were no procedure-related complications. The mean procedure time with the SERs was significantly shorter than without (p < 0.001). The mean number of times the endoscopy lens was cleaned during the procedure was significantly lower in the SER group (p < 0.001). In the SER group, endoscopy insertion into the EAC was easier without tissue contact with the lens during the TMF elevation compared with the non-SER group. There were no mucosal injuries. SER placement is effective for endoscopic visualization via the expanded and straightened EAC. A fully covered type of SER is preferable. The device can be useful for endoscopic ear surgery, reducing procedure time and reducing the need for endoscopy lens cleaning during the procedure.
Non-Energy Valorization of Residual Biomasses via HTC: CO2 Capture onto Activated Hydrochars
Authors: Gallucci Katia , Taglieri Luca , Papa Alessandro Antonio , Di Lauro Francesco , Ahmad Zaheer , Gallifuoco Alberto
Published: March 2020

This study aims to investigate the CO2 sorption capacity of hydrochar, obtained via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Silver fir sawdust was used as a model material. The batch runs went at 200 °C and up to 120 min. The hydrochar was activated with potassium hydroxide impregnation and subsequent thermal treatment (600 °C, 1 h). CO2 capture was assayed using a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process. The morphology and porosity of hydrochar, characterized through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BET-BJH) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, were reported and the sorbent capacity was compared with traditional sorbents. The hydrochar recovered immediately after the warm-up of the HTC reactor had better performances. The Langmuir equilibrium isotherm fits the experimental data satisfactorily. Selectivity tests performed with a model biogas mixture indicated a possible use of hydrochar for sustainable upgrading of biogas to bio-methane. It is conceivably a new, feasible, and promising option for CO2 capture with low cost, environmentally friendly materials.
Numerical-Experimental Investigation into the Tensile Behavior of a Hybrid Metallic–CFRP Stiffened Aeronautical Panel
Authors: Sellitto Andrea , Saputo Salvatore , Russo Angela , Innaro Vincenzo , Riccio Aniello , Acerra Francesco , Russo Salvatore
Published: March 2020

In this work, the tensile behavior of a hybrid metallic–composite stiffened panel is investigated. The analyzed structure consists of an omega-reinforced composite fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) panel joined with a Z-reinforced aluminum plate by fasteners. The introduced numerical model, able to simulate geometrical and material non-linearities, has been preliminary validated by means of comparisons with experimental test results, in terms of strain distributions in both composite and metallic sub-components. Subsequently, the inter-laminar damage behavior of the investigated hybrid structure has been studied numerically by assessing the influence of key structural subcomponents on the damage evolution of an artificial initial debonding between the composite skin and stringers.
Karst Spring Recharge Areas and Discharge Relationship by Oxygen-18 and Deuterium Isotopes Analyses: A Case Study in Southern Latium Region, Italy
Authors: Iacurto Silvia , Grelle Gerardo , De Filippi Francesco Maria , Sappa Giuseppe
Published: March 2020

Karst aquifer recharge areas are usually difficult to identify because of the complexity of these aquifers’ characteristics. On the other hand, their identification is very important in the aim of protecting the groundwater resources that these aquifers host. Regarding this topic, this paper presents an approach aimed at identifying karst aquifer recharge areas by the application of oxygen-18 and deuterium isotopes composition of groundwater coupled with hydrological features. Oxygen-18 and deuterium isotope composition of Capodacqua di Spigno Spring, in the South of the Latium Region, has been applied with rainfall and discharge values related to the feeding aquifer of this spring. As δ18O and δ2H values of groundwater samples are natural tracers of the recharge area’s elevation, we propose a model, based on the distribution of the basin surfaces involved as recharge areas, in relation to elevations. The model estimates, for any discharge value, the percentage of the topographic area involved in the aquifer recharge. The setting up of this simulated distribution is supported by a Weibull cumulative probability function. The results show that the measured discharges increase as larger areas with lower elevations are involved in the recharge process.
Microalgae Water Bioremediation: Trends and Hot Topics
Authors: Pacheco Diana , Rocha Ana Cristina , Pereira Leonel , Verdelhos Tiago
Published: March 2020

The need to reduce costs associated with the production of microalgae biomass has encouraged the coupling of process with wastewater treatment. Emerging pollutants in municipal, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters, ranging from pharmaceuticals to metals, endanger public health and natural resources. The use of microalgae has, in fact, been shown to be an efficient method in water-treatment processes and presents several advantages, such as carbon sequestration, and an opportunity to develop innovative bioproducts with applications to several industries. Using a bibliometric analysis software, SciMAT, a mapping of the research field was performed, analyzing the articles produced between 1981 and 2018, aiming to identifying the hot topics and trends studied until now. The application of microalgae on water bioremediation is an evolving research field that currently focuses on developing efficient and cost-effective treatments methods that also enable the production of add-value products, leading to a blue and circular economy.
Examining and Adapting the Psychometric Properties of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Health Services Survey (MBI-HSS) among Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Al Mutair Abbas , Al Mutairi Alya , Chagla Hiba , Alawam Khalid , Alsalman Khulud , Ali Azeem
Published: March 2020

Burnout is known to negatively impact healthcare providers both physically and mentally and is assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). Many versions of this tool have been developed for different parts of the world, but there is currently no valid version specifically designed for use in the Gulf Cooperation Council Region. This study aims to use data collected across six different regions in the Gulf Cooperation Council Region to assess the validity and reliability of the MBI-HSS model and develop a version of the MBI-HSS best suited for evaluating burnout levels among the healthcare providers in this region. The MBI-HSS questionnaire adapted by Maslach was distributed to 888 healthcare providers aged 32 years ± 7 years, 231 (26.1%) of whom were males and 651 (73.9%) of whom were females, between 2017 and 2018. The data collected were randomly divided into two subsamples, resulting in a sample with the data of 300 healthcare professionals for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and 588 healthcare professionals for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The CFA of the original version of the MBI-HSS yielded a chi-square value of 1897 (p < 0.001), indicating the need for revision. EFA was then used to construct a new model of the MBI-HSS, and a CFA was performed on the second subsample to evaluate the model fit to the data. The EFA produced a 3-factor version that accounted for 56.3% of the total variance, with item 11 of the MBI moved to the Emotional Exhaustion (EE) subscale and item 16 loaded onto Depersonalisation (DP) instead of EE. Additionally, items 18 and 20 were omitted. The reconstructed version had a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) value of 0.065 (<0.08), a goodness of fit index (GFI) value of 0.915 (>0.90) and an adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) value of 0.893 (>0.8). These results when compared to the CFA of the original model, which produced a GFI value of 0.79, an AGFI value of 0.74 and an RMSEA value of 0.09 (>0.08), indicate that this new version has a more satisfactory fit to the data and should be used when assessing burnout in the Gulf Cooperation Council Region.
Soc Estimation of the Lithium-Ion Battery Pack using a Sigma Point Kalman Filter Based on a Cell’s Second Order Dynamic Model
Authors: Nguyen Van Chi , Nguyen Vinh Thuy
Published: March 2020

This paper deals with the state of charge (SoC) estimation of a lithium-ion battery pack (LiBP) connected by some cells in series and parallel. The voltage noise, noise and current bias of current through the LiBP are taken into account in the SoC estimation problem. In order to describe the cell dynamic more accurately, especially for practical applications with charge and discharge amplitude varying suddenly, in this paper we use the second dynamic order model of the cell to estimate the SoC of the LiBP. By applying the sigma point Kalman filter (SPKF), the average SoC of the pack and bias current of current measurement are estimated by first estimator; the second estimator estimates the SoC differences of the cell modules from average SoC of the pack. The SoC of the cell modules are the sum of average SoCs of the pack and the SoC differences. By only using two estimators, the calculation complexity for SoC estimation is more reduced; this is very useful for the LiBP, which has the number of cells connected in a large series. This method was applied for the pack of SAMSUNG ICR18650-22P connected by seven cell modules; the cell modules were connected by nine cells in parallel; the LiBP was charged and discharged with amplitude varying suddenly. The estimated SoC of seven cell modules is smaller than 2% for a temperature operating range typically −5 °C to 45 °C. The comparison of the accuracy of SoC estimation based on the first and the second order dynamic models is made; the result shows that the SoC estimation used the second order dynamic model is more exact.
Editorial “Biomechanical Spectrum of Human Sport Performance”
Authors: Taiar Redha , Bernardo-Filho Mario
Published: March 2020

Several parameters can influence our health capital today and can have a negative impact on our performance, whether physiological or mechanical. Indeed, our health and wellbeing are influenced by a range of social, cultural, economic, psychological, and environmental factors across our lives. These change as we progress through the key transition points in life—from infancy and childhood through our teenage years to adulthood, working life, retirement and the end of life. Sport can be a vector that links many of these factors. Whether it is high-performance sport or sedentary practice, sport is very important for the improvement of psychological wellbeing and physical health. Our overarching aim was to increase quality of life. Sedentary practice can increase mobility and reduce the risk of disease, so changing adults’ behavior through sedentary practice could reduce illness and decrease costs to society concerning health problems. Furthermore, a higher frequency of practice can lead to improvements in technique and optimized performance. Our objective is to summarize the latest research in sport science and to quantify the most important parameters influencing human performance related to the health sciences for all age groups, throughout their lives.
Fish-Derived Antifreeze Proteins and Antifreeze Glycoprotein Exhibit a Different Ice-Binding Property with Increasing Concentration
Authors: Tsuda Sakae , Yamauchi Akari , Khan N. M.-Mofiz Uddin , Arai Tatsuya , Mahatabuddin Sheikh , Miura Ai , Kondo Hidemasa
Published: March 2020

The concentration of a protein is highly related to its biochemical properties, and is a key determinant for its biotechnological applications. Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) are structurally diverse macromolecules that are capable of binding to embryonic ice crystals below 0 °C, making them useful as protectants of ice-block formation. In this study, we examined the maximal solubility of native AFP I–III and AFGP with distilled water, and evaluated concentration dependence of their ice-binding property. Approximately 400 mg/mL (AFP I), 200 mg/mL (AFP II), 100 mg/mL (AFP III), and >1800 mg/mL (AFGP) of the maximal solubility were estimated, and among them AFGP’s solubility is much higher compared with that of ordinary proteins, such as serum albumin (~500 mg/mL). The samples also exhibited unexpectedly high thermal hysteresis values (2–3 °C) at 50–200 mg/mL. Furthermore, the analysis of fluorescence-based ice plane affinity showed that AFP II binds to multiple ice planes in a concentration-dependent manner, for which an oligomerization mechanism was hypothesized. The difference of concentration dependence between AFPs and AFGPs may provide a new clue to help us understand the ice-binding function of these proteins.
Effect of Herbal Formulation on Immune Response Enhancement in RAW 264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Trinh Tuy An , Park Jimin , Oh Ji Hong , Park Jung Sik , Lee Dahae , Kim Chang Eop , Choi Han-Seok , Kim Sang-Back , Hwang Gwi Seo , Koo Bon Am , Kang Ki Sung
Published: March 2020

Immune response is a necessary self-defense mechanism that protects the host from infectious organisms. Many medicinal plants are popularly used in Asian folk medicine to increase body resistance. An herbal formulation named KM1608 was prepared from three medicinal plants: Saussurea lappa, Terminalia chebula, and Zingiber officinale. In this study, we evaluated the immune stimulatory effect of KM1608 on RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Network pharmacological analyses were used to predict potential immune response pathways of major compounds from KM1608. The cytotoxicity and immuno-stimulating effect of KM1608 were determined using cell viability and nitric oxide assays. The underlying mechanism of immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results of network pharmacological analysis suggested that major compounds from KM1608 possess anticancer potential via immune signaling pathways. After treatment with KM1608 at 25–100 µg/mL for 24 h, the level of nitric oxide was increased in the dose-dependent manner. The results of quantitative real-time PCR showed that KM1608 stimulates the expression of immune cytokines (interferon (IFN)-α, -β, IL-1β, -6, IL-10, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)) in macrophages. KM1608 extract is a potential agent for immune response enhancement.
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Eucalyptus globules and Their Fungicidal Ability Against Pathogenic Fungi of Apple Orchards
Authors: Ahmad Hilal , Venugopal Krishnan , Rajagopal Kalyanaraman , De Britto Savitha , Nandini Boregowda , Pushpalatha Hosur Gnanaprakash , Konappa Narasimhamurthy , Udayashankar Arakere C. , Geetha Nagaraja , Jogaiah Sudisha
Published: March 2020

Eucalyptus globules belonging to the Myrtaceae family was explored for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and for biological applications. The aqueous extract of the synthesized zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) was characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometer, FTIR, SEM and TEM. The aqueous broth was observed to be an efficient reducing agent, leading to the rapid formation of ZnNPs of varied shapes with sizes ranging between 52–70 nm. In addition, antifungal activity of the biosynthesized ZnNPs was evaluated against major phytopathogens of apple orchards. At 100 ppm of ZnNPs, the fungal growth inhibition rate was found to be 76.7% for Alternaria mali, followed by 65.4 and 55.2% inhibition rate for Botryosphaeria dothidea and Diplodia seriata, respectively. The microscopic observations of the treated fungal plates revealed that ZnNPs damages the topography of the fungal hyphal layers leading to a reduced contraction of hyphae. This considerable fungicidal property of ZnNPs against phytopathogenic fungi can have a tremendous impact on exploitation of ZnNPs for fungal pest management and ensure protection in fruit crops.
Salient Features of Monomeric Alpha-Synuclein Revealed by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Do-Hyoung , Lee Jongchan , Mok K. , Lee Jung , Han Kyou-Hoon
Published: March 2020

Elucidating the structural details of proteins is highly valuable and important for the proper understanding of protein function. In the case of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), however, obtaining the structural details is quite challenging, as the traditional structural biology tools have only limited use. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a unique experimental tool that provides ensemble conformations of IDPs at atomic resolution, and when studying IDPs, a slightly different experimental strategy needs to be employed than the one used for globular proteins. We address this point by reviewing many NMR investigations carried out on the α-synuclein protein, the aggregation of which is strongly correlated with Parkinson’s disease.
Cortisol Directly Stimulates Spermatogonial Differentiation, Meiosis, and Spermiogenesis in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Testicular Explants
Authors: Tovo-Neto Aldo , Martinez Emanuel R. M. , Melo Aline G. , Doretto Lucas B. , Butzge Arno J. , Rodrigues Maira S. , Nakajima Rafael T. , Habibi Hamid R. , Nóbrega Rafael H.
Published: March 2020

Cortisol is the major endocrine factor mediating the inhibitory effects of stress on vertebrate reproduction. It is well known that cortisol affects reproduction by interacting with the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonads axis, leading to downstream inhibitory and stimulatory effects on gonads. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we provide novel data demonstrating the stimulatory effects of cortisol on spermatogenesis using an ex vivo organ culture system. The results revealed that cortisol treatment did not modulate basal androgen production, but it influenced transcript levels of a selected number of genes involved in the zebrafish testicular function ar (androgen receptor), star (steroidogenic acute regulatory), cyp17a1 (17α-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase/17,20 desmolase), cyp11a2 (cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 2), hsd11b2 (11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase), cyp2k22 (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily K, polypeptide 22), fkbp5 (FKBP prolyl isomerase 5), grα (glucocorticoid receptor alpha), and grβ (glucocorticoid receptor beta) in a short-term culture. We also showed that cortisol stimulates spermatogonial proliferation and differentiation in an androgen independent manner as well as promoting meiosis and spermiogenesis by increasing the number of spermatozoa in the testes. Moreover, we demonstrated that concomitant treatment with RU 486, a potent glucocorticoid receptor (Gr) antagonist, did not affect the cortisol effects on spermatogonial differentiation but blocked the induced effects on meiosis and spermiogenesis. Supporting the Gr-mediated effects, RU 486 nullified the cortisol-induced expression of sycp3l (synaptonemal complex protein 3), a marker for the meiotic prophase that encodes a component of the synaptonemal complex. This is consistent with in silico analysis that found 10 putative GREs (glucocorticoid response elements) upstream of the zebrafish sycp3l. Finally, we also showed that grα mRNA is expressed in Sertoli and Leydig cells, but also in several types of germ cells, including spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Altogether, this evidence indicates that cortisol exerts paracrine roles in the zebrafish testicular function and spermatogenesis, highlighting its effects on spermatogonial differentiation, meiosis, and spermiogenesis.
Brain–Computer Interfaces: Toward a Daily Life Employment
Authors: Aricò Pietro , Sciaraffa Nicolina , Babiloni Fabio
Published: March 2020

Recent publications in the Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain–computer interface field suggest that this technology could be ready to go outside the research labs and enter the market as a new consumer product. This assumption is supported by the recent advantages obtained in terms of front-end graphical user interfaces, back-end classification algorithms, and technology improvement in terms of wearable devices and dry EEG sensors. This editorial paper aims at mentioning these aspects, starting from the review paper “Brain–Computer Interface Spellers: A Review” (Rezeika et al., 2018), published within the Brain Sciences journal, and citing other relevant review papers that discussed these points.