bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Prediction of Quenching Parameters Using Inverse Analysis
Authors: Landek Darko , Župan Josip , Filetin Tomislav
Published: May 2014

The cooling curves of still water and of water-based polymer quenchant polyalkylene glycol (PAG) were recorded with the ISO Inconel 600 probe with 12.5 diameter and 60 mm length equipped with a type K thermocouple inserted into the probe's geometric center. The research included recording of cooling curves for still water in temperature range from 20 to 60°C, as well as quenching experiments with water based polymer solutions with concentration from 10 to 30 vol. % of PAG. The possibility of a new cooling curve determination method for any given water temperature based on interpolation model and experimental data for cooling curves at three different water temperatures was tested. Surface temperature, heat flux density, and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) were estimated based on the recorded cooling curve at the center of the ISO Inconel 600 probe using the solutions of inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP). The results of the inverse heat transfer analysis of the ISO Inconel 600 probe cooling in water and water based polymer solutions were compared to the results of the commercial software ivf SQintegra ver4.0 for the same cooling experiments. The proposed inverse determination of HTC can be used for the specification of boundary conditions in numerical simulations of quenching axisymmetric work pieces with similar dimensions to the ISO Inconel 600 probe.
Ductility and Brittleness in Rotating Disc Cavitation Erosion Testing
Authors: Meged Y.
Published: May 2014

Ductile and brittle failures have been long detected in metallic specimens when tested in tensile and impact tests. Recent observations indicate that these failures occur in cavitation erosion tests as well. Brittle failures in cavitation erosion tests take place under high cavitation loads, especially in rotating disc (RD) rigs. In the framework of the international cavitation erosion test (ICET), 264 tests were performed using seven test methods. One of these methods, the RD, proved to exert the highest cavitation erosion load on the test specimens, resulting in 29 brittle failures in 50 tests. The high percentage of brittle failures called for a close study of this failure mode, as detected in testing of five ICET reference metallic materials. In some cases, areas in the erosion-time domain were located, in which the ductile-to-brittle transition is highly probable.
Salvaging hope: Is increasing NAD+ a key to treating mitochondrial myopathy?
Authors: Lightowlers Robert N , Chrzanowska‐Lightowlers Zofia MA
Published: May 2014

Mitochondrial diseases can arise from mutations either in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear DNA encoding mitochondrially destined proteins. Currently, there is no cure for these diseases although treatments to ameliorate a subset of the symptoms are being developed. In this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine, Khan et al () use a mouse model to test the efficacy of a simple dietary supplement of nicotinamide riboside to treat and prevent mitochondrial myopathies.
The Set1/COMPASS Histone H3 Methyltransferase Helps Regulate Mitosis With the CDK1 and NIMA Mitotic Kinases in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Govindaraghavan Meera , Anglin Sarah Lea , Osmani Aysha H , Osmani Stephen A
Published: May 2014

Mitosis is promoted and regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation catalyzed by the essential NIMA and CDK1 kinases in the model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Protein methylation mediated by the Set1/COMPASS methyltransferase complex has also been shown to regulate mitosis in budding yeast with the Aurora mitotic kinase. We uncover a genetic interaction between An-swd1, which encodes a subunit of the Set1 protein methyltransferase complex, with NIMA as partial inactivation of nimA is poorly tolerated in the absence of swd1. This genetic interaction is additionally seen without the Set1 methyltransferase catalytic subunit. Importantly partial inactivation of NIMT, a mitotic activator of the CDK1 kinase, also causes lethality in the absence of Set1 function, revealing a functional relationship between the Set1 complex and two pivotal mitotic kinases. The main target for Set1-mediated methylation is histone H3K4. Mutational analysis of histone H3 revealed that modifying the H3K4 target residue of Set1 methyltransferase activity phenocopied the lethality seen when either NIMA or CDK1 are partially functional. We probed the mechanistic basis of these genetic interactions and find that the Set1 complex performs functions with CDK1 for initiating mitosis and with NIMA during progression through mitosis. The studies uncover a joint requirement for the Set1 methyltransferase complex with the CDK1 and NIMA kinases for successful mitosis. The findings extend the roles of the Set1 complex to include the initiation of mitosis with CDK1 and mitotic progression with NIMA in addition to its previously identified interactions with Aurora and type 1 phosphatase in budding yeast.
Charles Bonnet syndrome: characteristics of its visual hallucinations and differential diagnosis
Authors: Vale Thiago Cardoso , Fernandes Luciene Chaves , Caramelli Paulo
Published: May 2014

Objective:To present an eight-case serie of patients with Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS). Method: All patients were initially evaluated by an ophthalmologist and then submitted to a neurologic evaluation with exclusion of alternative psychiatric and neurologic diagnoses.Results:Five patients were male (62.5%) and the mean age was 52.3+16.0 years. Two patients suffered from severe myopia and glaucoma, three had retinitis pigmentosa, one had anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, one had age-related macular degeneration and one had toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Mean visual acuity in the right eye was 1,12 logMAR and in the left eye 0.57 logMAR. A mean delay of 41.7 months occurred until diagnosis. All hallucinations were complexes and mostly ocurred on a weekly-basis (62.5%) and lasted for seconds (87.5%).Conclusions:Physicians who care for low vision patients should be aware of CBS and appropriately diagnose its hallucinations after exclusion of psychiatric and neurologic diseases.
ENCOMS: Argentinian survey in cost of illness and unmet needs in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ysrraelit Celica , Caceres Fernando , Villa Andres , Marcilla Marcela Parada , Blanche Jorge , Burgos Marcos , Parera Ignacio Casas , Colombo Oscar , Crespo Ernesto , Deri Norma , Labal Patricio , Maluendez Monica , Martinez Alejandra , Melcon Mario , Nofal Pedro , Reich Edgardo , Sinay Vladimiro , Tarulla Adriana , Vetere Santiago , Barboza Andres , Rey Roberto , Moreno Margarita , Bacile Alejandra , Rojas Juan I. , Kuperman Gaston , Resk Mercedes , Seifer Gustavo , Machinicki Gerardo , Cuneo Jorge
Published: May 2014

The objective of the study was to assess the cost of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Argentina categorized by disease severity using a societal perspective.Method:Cross-sectional study including MS patients from 21 MS centers in 12 cities of Argentina. Patients were stratified by disease severity using the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) (group 1 with EDSS score between 0 and 3; group 2 with EDSS >3 and <7; group 3 with EDSS ≥7). Direct and indirect costs were analyzed for the second quarter of 2012 from public sources and converted to US Dollars.Results:266 patients were included. Mean annual cost per MS patient was USD 36,025 (95%CI 31,985-38,068) for patients with an EDSS between 0-3; USD 40,705 (95%CI 37,199-46,300) for patients with EDSS >3 and <7, and USD 50,712 (95%CI 47,825-62,104) for patients with EDSS ≥7.Conclusions:This is the first Argentine study evaluating the costs of MS considering disease severity.
The relationship between sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in patients with epilepsy and suicidal ideation
Authors: Wigg Cristina Maria Duarte , Filgueiras Alberto , Gomes Marleide da Mota
Published: May 2014

The relationships among suicidal ideation, sleep, depression, anxiety, and effects on epilepsy require more research.Objective:The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation in outpatients with epilepsy, and relate this to sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, depression, and anxiety.Method:Ninety-eight non-selected patients were evaluated. The subjects were classified as “suicidal ideators” or “non-ideators”, based on their response to item 9 of the Beck Depression Inventory.Results:The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 13.3% (χ2=50.46, p<0.001). The differences between cases with or without suicidal ideation were statistically significant in relation to sleep quality (p=0.005) and symptoms of depression (p=0.001) and anxiety (p=0.002).Conclusion:Our results revealed that depression and anxiety were associated with sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and suicidal ideation and that depression and sleep disturbance were good predictors of suicide in subjects with epilepsy.
Fluency in Parkinson’s disease: disease duration, cognitive status and age
Authors: Brabo Natalia Casagrande , Minett Thais Soares C. , Ortiz Karin Zazo
Published: May 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of occurrence and to characterize the typology of dysfluencies in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD), including the variables age, gender, schooling, disease duration, score on the Hoehn and Yahr scale and cognitive status (score on Mini-Mental State Examination). A cross-sectional study of a sample comprising 60 adults matched for gender, age and schooling was conducted. Group I comprised 30 adults with idiopathic PD, and Group II comprised 30 healthy adults. For assessment of fluency of speech, subjects were asked to utter a narrative based on a sequence of drawings and a transcription of 200 fluent syllables was performed to identify speech dysfluencies. PD patients exhibited a higher overall number of dysfluencies in speech with a large number of atypical dysfluencies. Additionally, results showed an influence of the variables cognitive status, disease duration and age on occurrence of dysfluencies.
Frequency of the LRRK2 G2019S mutation in late-onset sporadic patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Chien Hsin Fen , Figueiredo Tamires Rocha , Hollaender Marianna Almeida , Tofoli Fabiano , Takada Leonel Takao , Pereira Lygia da Veiga , Barbosa Egberto Reis
Published: May 2014

Mutations in the LRRK2 gene, predominantly G2019S, have been reported in individuals with autosomal dominant inheritance and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). The G2019S mutation has an age-dependent penetrance and evidence shows common ancestry. The clinical manifestations are indistinguishable from idiopathic PD. Its prevalence varies according to the population studied ranging from less than 0.1% in Asians to 41% in North African Arabs. This study aimed to identify G2019S mutation in Brazilian idiopathic PD patients.Method:We sampled 100 PD patients and 100 age- and gender-matched controls. Genetical analysis was accomplished by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results:No G2019S mutations were found in both patients with sporadic PD and controls.Conclusions:Our results may be explained by the relatively small sample size.
Treatment of ischemic stroke with r-tPA: implementation challenges in a tertiary hospital in Brazil
Authors: Tosta Elza Dias , Rebello Letícia Costa , Almeida Soraya Soares , Neiva Márcia Silva Santos
Published: May 2014

Purpose:This paper presents the initial experience with thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke at Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (HBDF), Brazil, and the difficulties associated with the implementation of this treatment.Method:A retrospective study was performed using the medical records of all patients with acute stroke who were treated with intravenous alteplase in our department, between May 2011 and April 2012.Results:The thrombolytic therapy was administered to 32 patients. The mean time between the ictus and the start of stroke therapy start was 195 (60-270) minutes. Sixteen patients demonstrated a significant clinical improvement (decrease in National Institute Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score≥4 points in 24 hours); 6 patients were discharged with an NIHSS score of 0 and 2 demonstrated haemorrhagic transformation.Conclusions:The results of our study are similar to those reported in the literature, although we have been dealing with difficulties, such as the lack of a stroke unit.
Conversive gait disorder: you cannot miss this diagnosis
Authors: Maranhão-Filho Péricles , Silva Carlos Eduardo da Rocha e , Vincent Maurice Borges
Published: May 2014

Bizarre, purposeless movements and inconsistent findings are typical of conversive gaits. The objective of the present paper is to review some phenomenological aspects of twenty-five consecutive conversive gait disorder patients. Some variants are typical – knees give way-and-recover presentation, monoparetic, tremulous, and slow motion – allowing clinical diagnosis with high precision.
Endoscopic transnasal approach for removing pituitary tumors
Authors: Castro Mirian Cabral Moreira de , Michel Luciane Maria Pereira , Denaro Mariana Moreira de Castro , Gontijo Pollyana Anício Magalhaes , Sousa Atos Alves de
Published: May 2014

To describe a series of 129 consecutive patients submitted to the resection of pituitary tumors using the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach in a public medical center.Method:Retrospective analysis based on the records of patients submitted to the resection of a pituitary tumor through the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach between 2004 and 2009.Results:One hundred and twenty-nine records were analyzed. The tumor was non-secreting in 96 (74.42%) and secreting in 33 patients (22.58%). Out of the secretory tumors, the most prevalent was the growth hormone producer (7.65%), followed by the prolactinoma, (6.98%). Eleven patients developed cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) fistulas, and four of them developed meningitis. One patient died due to intracerebral hemorrhage in the postoperative period.Conclusion:The endoscopic transsphenoidal approach to sellar tumors proved to be safe when the majority of the tumors were non-secreting. The most frequent complication was CSF. This technique can be done even in a public hospital with financial limits, since the health professionals are integrated.
The relationship between neurocysticercosis and epilepsy: an endless debate
Authors: Carpio Arturo , Romo Matthew L.
Published: May 2014

Neurocysticercosis (NC), or cerebral infection with Taenia solium, is an important public health problem worldwide. Among the neurological sequelae of NC, seizures have been described as the most common symptom. Acute symptomatic seizures often result from degeneration of a viable cyst; however, not all of these patients with acute or provoked seizures will develop epilepsy (i.e., recurrent unprovoked seizures). Because of the high prevalence of epilepsy and NC, a causal, as well as incidental relationship between the two may exist. The epileptogenicity of calcified cysts as well as the potential association between NC and hippocampal sclerosis necessitates future research. Antihelminthic treatment of NC results in disappearance of viable cysts in about one-third of patients with parenchymal disease, but a reduction in seizure recurrence has not been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials. Prevention is critical to reduce the burden of seizure and epilepsy related to NC.
Spatial distribution of deaths due to Alzheimer's disease in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Almeida Milena Cristina da Silva , Gomes Camila de Moraes Santos , Nascimento Luiz Fernando Costa
Published: May 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Alzheimer's disease is a common cause of dementia and identifying possible spatial patterns of mortality due to this disease may enable preventive actions. The objective of this study was to identify spatial distribution patterns of mortality due to Alzheimer's disease in the state of São Paulo.DESIGN AND SETTING: Ecological and exploratory study conducted in all municipalities in the state of São Paulo.METHODS: Data on Alzheimer's disease mortality in the state of São Paulo between 2004 and 2009 were obtained from DATASUS (the Department of Informatics in the Brazilian Ministry of Health). Death rates per 100,000 inhabitants were then calculated and spatial analysis was performed by constructing a death rate map, global Moran index and local Moran index, which were used to obtain the Moran map. The kernel technique was also applied. The Terra View 4.0.0 software was used.RESULTS: 13,030 deaths due to Alzheimer were reported in the state of São Paulo (rate of 5.33 deaths/100,000 inhabitants). São José do Rio Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Bauru and Araçatuba had higher rates. The Moran index was I = 0.085 (P < 0.002). The Moran map identified 42 municipalities that merit intervention and the kernel estimator identified a high density of deaths in the northwestern region of the state.CONCLUSION: Higher densities of deaths due to Alzheimer were concentrated more to the north and northwest of the state of São Paulo. It was possible to identify municipalities that have priority for interventions to reduce the death rates due to this disease.
Continuing education on child development for primary healthcare professionals: a prospective before-and-after study
Authors: Figueiras Amira Consuêlo Melo , Puccini Rosana Fiorini , Silva Edina Mariko Koga
Published: May 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Children's developmental disorders are often identified late by healthcare professionals working in primary care. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a continuing education program on child development, on the knowledge and practices of these professionals.DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective single-cohort study (before-and-after study), conducted in the city of Belém, Pará , Brazil.METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-one professionals working in primary healthcare (82.2%) participated in a continuing education program on child development and were assessed before and after implementation of the program through tests on their knowledge of child development, consisting of 19 questions for physicians and 14 for nurses, and questionnaires on their professional practices.RESULTS: One to three years after the program, the mean number of correct answers in the tests had increased from 11.5 to 14.3 among physicians in the Healthy Family Program (Programa Família Saudável, PFS); 13.0 to 14.3 among physicians in Municipal Health Units (Unidades Municipais de Saúde, UMS); 8.3 to 10.0 among PFS nurses; and 7.8 to 9.4 among UMS nurses. In interviews with mothers attended by these professionals before the program, only 21.7% reported that they were asked about their children's development, 24.7% reported that the professional asked about or observed their children's development and 11.1% received advice on how to stimulate them. After the program, these percentages increased to 34.5%, 54.2% and 30.3%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Professionals who participated in the program showed improved performance regarding child development knowledge and practices.
Clinical and laboratorial features of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in southern Brazil
Authors: Thiele Gabriela Bicca , Silva Otávio Marcos da , Fayad Leonardo , Lazzarotto César , Ferreira Mariana do Amaral , Marconcini Maíra Luciana , Dantas-Corrêa Esther Buzaglo , Schiavon Leonardo de Lucca , Narciso-Schiavon Janaína Luz
Published: May 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe complication that occurs in 8-27% of hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites, with high mortality rates. This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics associated with SBP.DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study, conducted in a public university.METHODS: The study consecutively included individuals with liver cirrhosis and ascites between September 2009 and March 2012. Forty-five patients were included: mean age 53.2 ± 12.3 years, 82.2% male, 73.8% Caucasian, mean Model of End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score of 19.5 ± 7.2, and 33.3% with SBP. The subjects were divided into two groups: SBP and controls.RESULTS: Comparison between individuals with SBP and controls showed that those with SBP had lower mean prothrombin activity time (36.1 ± 16.0% versus 47.1 ± 17.2%; P = 0.044) and lower median serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) (1.2 versus 1.7, P = 0.045). There was a tendency towards higher mean MELD in the SBP group, not significant (22.2 ± 7.6 versus 17.9 ± 6.7; P = 0.067). There was a strong positive correlation between the neutrophil count in ascitic fluid and serum leukocyte count (r = 0.501; P = 0.001) and a negative correlation between the neutrophil count in ascitic fluid with prothrombin activity time (r = -0.385; P = 0.011).CONCLUSION: A few characteristics are associated with the presence of SBP, especially liver dysfunction, SAAG and peripheral leukocytosis.
Apoio institucional e militância no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS): refletindo os desafios da mobilização dos sujeitos na produção de saúde
Authors: Salgado Ana Cristina Soeiro , Pena Ricardo Sparapan , Caldeira Luiz Wagner Dias
Published: May 2014

A formação de apoiadores institucionais vem sendo um importante método/dispositivo da Política Nacional de Humanização (PNH) na intensificação de ações voltadas ao fortalecimento do SUS. Considerando algumas experiências no território paraense, o texto apresenta reflexões sobre este cenário, levando em conta os processos de formação que vêm sendo implementados no território, analisando alguns de seus desafios e repercussões. Partindo do referencial teórico e metodológico da PNH, mediante sua proposta de inclusão como método de intervenção nos modos de gerir e cuidar, também são levantadas algumas questões sobre a maneira como a formação de apoiadores opera no sentido de fomentar a militância pelo SUS e, consequentemente, a produção do comum por meio da mobilização e transformação dos sujeitos.
Apoio institucional e cogestão: a experiência da Política Nacional de Humanização no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no Distrito Federal (DF), Brasil
Authors: Mori Maria Elizabeth , de Oliveira Olga Vania Matoso
Published: May 2014

O apoio institucional no Distrito Federal (DF), Brasil, realizado por consultores da Política Nacional de Humanização (PNH), do Ministério da Saúde (MS), de 2008 a 2013, iniciou-se no Hospital de Base (HBDF), terciário, estendendo-se à Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde (SAS). A intervenção objetivou mudanças nos modelos de atenção e gestão e, consequentemente, fortalecimento da Rede SUS no DF. No HBDF foram implementadas diretrizes (Cogestão, Acolhimento, Ambiência) e dispositivos (visita aberta e direito ao acompanhante, Conselho Gestor, Colegiado Gestor, Acolhimento e Classificação de Risco, Programa de Formação em Saúde e Trabalho/PFST). Na SAS implementou-se o apoio ao enfrentamento de superlotação nas portas de Urgência e Emergência dos hospitais da rede e à constituição de Colegiado Gestor em redes de atenção prioritárias. Ressalta-se a importância da adesão dos dirigentes para a implementação da PNH e a realização dos resultados desejados.
Relações raciais e estudos organizacionais no Brasil
Authors: Rosa Alexandre Reis
Published: May 2014

O presente ensaio teórico discute o tema das relações raciais no Brasil e explora suas interfaces com os estudos sobre gestão da diversidade nas organizações. Para tanto, busca problematizar a apropriação que a referida área de estudos tem feito dos trabalhos norte-americanos, colocando em segundo plano - ou até mesmo ignorando - os estudos sobre relações raciais desenvolvidos pela antropologia e pela sociologia brasileiras. Essa problematização nos ajuda a perceber que os estudos organizacionais no Brasil têm se colocado de maneira deslocada nesse debate, seja pela suposição de que nossa gestão da diversidade deve seguir parâmetros anglo-saxões, seja pelo distanciamento que a área tem mantido dos estudos brasileiros que abordam minorias raciais e sua dinâmica de relações. A parte final do ensaio recupera dois importantes trabalhos produzidos no âmbito dos estudos brasileiros sobre relações raciais e, a partir deles, analisa as possíveis contribuições desse debate para o estudo de organizações brasileiras. Este trabalho termina chamando a atenção dos pesquisadores para a necessidade de se resgatar o debate brasileiro como forma de contextualizar a gestão da diversidade no Brasil.
O efeito da sinalização de qualidade no contexto de serviços
Authors: Solalinde Gabriela , Pizzutti Cristiane
Published: May 2014

A teoria da sinalização afirma que os sinais são ações que a empresa pode realizar para transmitir informações sobre a qualidade dos seus produtos. Este trabalho busca ampliar o conhecimento existente sobre sinalização de qualidade ao estendê-lo ao setor de serviços, através da investigação de dois sinalizadores de qualidade: o preço e a responsividade. O controle comportamental percebido, entendido como a percepção do indivíduo sobre sua habilidade para realizar um comportamento, é proposto como moderador da relação entre as variáveis sinalizadoras e a qualidade percebida. Foram conduzidos dois estudos experimentais de desenho fatorial e intersujeitos para se testar as hipóteses formuladas com base na literatura. Os resultados de ambos os experimentos demonstram que a sinalização de qualidade através das variáveis preço e responsividade afetam a qualidade percebida. O segundo estudo suporta a hipótese envolvendo a moderação do controle comportamental percebido na relação entre a variável sinalizadora preço e a qualidade percebida, mas não entre responsividade e qualidade percebida. Esses resultados e as implicações encontradas são finalmente discutidos no capítulo de considerações finais.
Relação entre estratégia de diferenciação e inovação, e sistemas de controle gerencial
Authors: Beuren Ilse Maria , Oro Ieda Margarete
Published: May 2014

O estudo objetiva verificar a relação da estratégia de diferenciação e inovação de produtos com o desenho dos Sistemas de Controle Gerencial, nas dimensões redes sociais, cultura orgânica inovadora e controles formais, em empresas têxteis brasileiras. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva, e foi realizada por meio de uma survey em uma amostra de 101 empresas associadas à Associação Brasileira da Indústria Têxtil. Aos gestores dessas empresas aplicou-se um questionário extraído de Chenhall, Kallunki e Silvola (2011). Para analisar as hipóteses replicadas desse estudo, aplicaram-se estatística descritiva e modelagem de equações estruturais (SEM). Os resultados apresentam evidências consistentes das conexões entre estratégia de diferenciação e inovação de produtos e desenho dos SCG, cuja relação é confirmada pelo uso dos controles formais e pela inovação de produtos. No entanto, não se confirma que empresas que adotam estratégias de diferenciação atingem níveis mais elevados de inovação de produtos. Observa-se ainda que as redes sociais favorecem a cultura orgânica inovadora, mas não reforçam a relação com inovação de produtos. Conclui-se que os resultados coadunam com os da pesquisa de Chenhall et al. (2011), exceto para a relação entre diferenciação e inovação, em que não se encontrou significância estatística.
Motivações para o empreendedorismo: necessidade versus oportunidade?
Authors: Vale Gláucia Maria Vasconcellos , Corrêa Victor Silva , Reis Renato Francisco dos
Published: May 2014

Alguns autores consideram que as pessoas podem ser levadas ao empreendedorismo seja pelo motivo oportunidade, seja pelo motivo necessidade, alternativamente. Outros, uma minoria, vêm sugerindo que as motivações não possuem uma natureza dicotômica, que outros motivos poderiam intervir no processo e que poderia, eventualmente, ocorrer reforço ou interação entre diferentes motivos. O presente artigo insere-se no contexto dessas reflexões. Busca, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa associada a uma quantitativa, identificar os motivos intervenientes na criação de novos empreendimentos. Enquanto a primeira sugere a possibilidade de motivações múltiplas, a segunda - construída a partir de referências aí geradas - atesta a presença de tais motivações. Os resultados indicam que os motivos ultrapassam a lógica binária oportunidade versus necessidade, incluindo: oportunidade, atributos pessoais, mercado de trabalho, insatisfação com emprego, família e influência externa.
Percepções de valor e elementos estruturantes das microfranquias
Authors: Melo Pedro Lucas de Resende , Borini Felipe Mendes , Cunha Julio Araujo Carneiro da
Published: May 2014

As microfranquias são franquias que requerem o investimento de até R$ 50 mil. Há atualmente 336 redes de franquias que operam nesse formato no Brasil. A importância desse tipo de negócio se justifica pelo crescimento do poder aquisitivo das classes de menor renda. Entretanto, trata-se de um modelo de franquias com carência de estudos. O objetivo deste artigo está fundamentado em identificar se existem diferenças entre as microfranquias e as franquias convencionais diante dos elementos estruturantes do sistema de franchising. Isso significa avaliar se as franquias convencionais se diferenciam das microfranquias quanto à percepção de valor do suporte pelo franqueado e a percepção de valor da marca pelo mesmo. Foram analisadas um total de 1090 redes de franquias convencionais e redes de franquias que operaram por microfranquias, de acordo com dados editados no período de 2007 a 2012. Adicionalmente, realizaram-se três estudos de casos com microfranqueados. A técnica da regressão OLS comprovou que há diferenças na percepção de valor quanto à marca da rede de franquias, e que não há diferenças na percepção do suporte ao franqueado.
Dependência e criação de trajetória na organização não governamental parceiros voluntários
Authors: Bitencourt Claudia , Oliveira Talita
Published: May 2014

A dependência de trajetória (DT) não consegue explicar satisfatoriamente as escolhas estratégicas das organizações. Há determinados momentos em que a organização precisa inovar, buscando novas soluções. Essa abordagem caracteriza a criação de trajetória (CT), aparentemente uma oposição aos princípios da DT. Este artigo busca analisar, com base na DT e na CT, os eventos críticos ocorridos e as perspectivas futuras da organização não governamental Parceiros Voluntários. A pesquisa ocorreu por meio de um estudo de caso e foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os principais atores da organização, seguidas da análise de conteúdo. As sub-categorias analisadas para explicar DT e CT são, respectivamente: momentos iniciais, processos atuais, resultados e perspectivas futuras, relações sociais, inovação. Os principais resultados indicam que as escolhas estratégicas são influenciadas pela trajetória e por perspectivas futuras da organização, havendo variação de intensidade em cada projeto, evento e parceria realizada pela ONG. Assim, em relação à DT, destacam-se a história da organização, as estratégias deliberadas, os padrões nas escolhas e o risco do aprisionamento. Para CT foi central a identificação das estratégias emergentes, das capacidades técnicas, do engajamento e a visibilidade.
Force distribution is more important than its intensity!
Authors: Consolaro Alberto
Published: May 2014

A common question about root resorption is raised in orthodontic practice: What is more important, the intensity of force or its distribution along the root, periodontal and alveolar structures? Diffuse distribution of forces applied to periodontal tissues during tooth movement tends not to promote neither extensive areas of cell matrix hyalinization nor significant death of cementoblasts that lead to root resorption. However, focal distribution or concentration of forces within a restricted area - as it occurs in tipping movements, even with forces of lower intensity - tend to induce extensive areas of hyalinization and focal death of cementoblasts, which is commonly associated with root resorption. In tipping movements, the apical regions tend to concentrate more forces in addition to wounding the cementoblasts due to the smaller dimension of their root structure as well as their cone shape. For this reason, there is an increase in root resorption. In the cervical region, on the other hand, the large area resulting from a large diameter and bone crown deflection tends to reduce the effects of forces, even when they are more concentrated, thus rarely inducing death of cementoblasts and root resorption.
Dental and skeletal components of Class II open bite treatment with a modified Thurow appliance
Authors: Jacob Helder Baldi , Santos-Pinto Ary dos , Buschang Peter H.
Published: May 2014

INTRODUCTION: Due to the lack of studies that distinguish between dentoalveolar and basal changes caused by the Thurow appliance, this clinical study, carried out by the School of Dentistry - State University of São Paulo/Araraquara, aimed at assessing the dental and skeletal changes induced by modified Thurow appliance. METHODS: The sample included an experimental group comprising 13 subjects aged between 7 and 10 years old, with Class II malocclusion and anterior open bite, and a control group comprising 22 subjects similar in age, sex and mandibular plane angle. Maxillary/mandibular, horizontal/vertical, dental/skeletal movements (ANS, PNS, U1, U6, Co, Go, Pog, L1, L6) were assessed, based on 14 landmarks, 8 angles (S-N-ANS, SNA, PPA, S-N-Pog, SNB, MPA, PP/MPA, ANB) and 3 linear measures (N-Me, ANS-Me, S-Go). RESULTS: Treatment caused significantly greater angle decrease between the palatal and the mandibular plane of the experimental group, primarily due to an increase in the palatal plane angle. ANB, SNA and S-N-ANS angles significantly decreased more in patients from the experimental group. PNS was superiorly remodeled. Lower face height (ANS-Me) decreased in the experimental group and increased in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Thurow appliance controlled vertical and horizontal displacements of the maxilla, rotated the maxilla and improved open bite malocclusion, decreasing lower facial height.
An assessment of the maxilla after rapid maxillary expansion using cone beam computed tomography in growing children
Authors: Woller Jessica L. , Kim Ki Beom , Behrents Rolf G. , Buschang Peter H.
Published: May 2014

INTRODUCTION: With the advent of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), it is now possible to quantitatively evaluate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the entire maxillary complex in growing patients. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to use three-dimensional images to evaluate the displacement that occurs at the circummaxillary sutures (frontonasal, zygomaticomaxillary, intermaxillary, midpalatal, and transpalatal sutures) following rapid maxillary expansion in growing children. METHODS: The CBCT scans of 25 consecutively treated RME patients (10 male, 15 female) with mean age of 12.3 ± 2.6 years, were examined before expansion and immediately following the last activation of the expansion appliance. RESULTS: Statistically significant (P < 0.05) amounts of separation were found for the displacement of the bones of the frontonasal suture, the intermaxillary suture, the zygomaticomaxillary sutures, and the midpalatal suture. The change in angulation of the maxillary first molars due to RME was also statistically significant. There was no statistically significant displacement of the transpalatal suture. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid maxillary expansion results in significant displacement of the bones of circummaxillary sutures in growing children.
Dentoskeletal effects of Class II malocclusion treatment with the Twin Block appliance in a Brazilian sample: A prospective study
Authors: Saikoski Luciano Zilio , Cançado Rodrigo Hermont , Valarelli Fabrício Pinelli , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore de
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the dentoskeletal effects of Class II malocclusion treatment performed with the Twin Block appliance. METHODS: The experimental group comprised 20 individuals with initial mean age of 11.76 years and was treated for a period of 1.13 years. The control group comprised 25 individuals with initial mean age of 11.39 years and a follow-up period of 1.07 years. Lateral cephalograms were taken at treatment onset and completion to assess treatment outcomes. Intergroup comparison was performed by means of the chi-square and independent t tests. RESULTS: The Twin Block appliance did not show significant effects on the maxillary component. The mandibular component showed a statistically significant increase in the effective mandibular length (Co-Gn) and significant improvement in the maxillomandibular relationship. The maxillary and mandibular dentoalveolar components presented a significant inclination of anterior teeth in both arches. The maxillary incisors were lingually tipped and retruded, while the mandibular incisors were labially tipped and protruded. CONCLUSIONS: The Twin Block appliance has great effectiveness for correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion in individuals with growth potential. Most changes are of dentoalveolar nature with a large component of tooth inclination associated with a significant skeletal effect on the mandible.
Prevalence of dental anomalies of number in different subphenotypes of isolated cleft palate
Authors: Schwartz João Paulo , Somensi Daniele Salazar , Yoshizaki Priscila , Reis Luciana Laís Savero , Lauris Rita de Cássia Moura Carvalho , Silva Filho Omar Gabriel da , Dalbén Gisele , Garib Daniela Gamba
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at carrying out a radiographic analysis on the prevalence of dental anomalies of number (agenesis and supernumerary teeth) in permanent dentition, in different subphenotypes of isolated cleft palate pre-adolescent patients. METHODS: Panoramic radiographs of 300 patients aged between 9 and 12 years, with cleft palate and enrolled in a single treatment center, were retrospectively analyzed. The sample was divided into two groups according to the extension/severity of the cleft palate: complete and incomplete . The chi-square test was used for intergroup comparison regarding the prevalence of the investigated dental anomalies (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Agenesis was found in 34.14% of patients with complete cleft palate and in 30.27% of patients with incomplete cleft palate. Supernumerary teeth were found in 2.43% of patients with complete cleft palate and in 0.91% of patients with incomplete cleft palate. No statistically significant difference was found between groups with regard to the prevalence of agenesis and supernumerary teeth. There was no difference in cleft prevalence between genders within each study group. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dental anomalies of number in pre-adolescents with cleft palate was higher than that reported for the general population. The severity of cleft palate did not seem to be associated with the prevalence of dental anomalies of number.
Are self-ligating brackets related to less formation of Streptococcus mutans colonies? A systematic review
Authors: Nascimento Leonard Euler Andrade Gomes do , Souza Margareth Maria Gomes de , Azevedo Angela Rita Pontes , Maia Lucianne Cople
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: To verify, by means of a systematic review, whether the design of brackets (conventional or self-ligating) influences adhesion and formation of Streptococcus mutans colonies. METHODS: Search strategy: four databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid ALL EMB Reviews, PubMed and BIREME) were selected to search relevant articles covering the period from January 1965 to December 2012. Selection Criteria: in first consensus by reading the title and abstract. The full text was obtained from publications that met the inclusion criteria. Data collection and analysis: Two reviewers independently extracted data using the keywords: conventional, self-ligating, biofilm, Streptococcus mutans, and systematic review; and independently evaluated the quality of the studies. In case of divergence, the technique of consensus was adopted. RESULTS: The search strategy resulted in 1,401 articles. The classification of scientific relevance revealed the high quality of the 6 eligible articles of which outcomes were not unanimous in reporting not only the influence of the design of the brackets (conventional or self-ligating) over adhesion and formation of colonies of Streptococcus mutans, but also that other factors such as the quality of the bracket type, the level of individual oral hygiene, bonding and age may have greater influence. Statistical analysis was not feasible because of the heterogeneous methodological design. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that there is no evidence for a possible influence of the design of the brackets (conventional or self-ligating) over colony formation and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans.
Mechanical properties of NiTi and CuNiTi wires used in orthodontic treatment. Part 2: Microscopic surface appraisal and metallurgical characteristics
Authors: Gravina Marco Abdo , Canavarro Cristiane , Elias Carlos Nelson , Chaves Maria das Graças Afonso Miranda , Brunharo Ione Helena Vieira Portella , Quintão Cátia Cardoso Abdo
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: This research aimed at comparing the qualitative chemical compositions and the surface morphology of fracture regions of eight types of Nickel (Ni) Titanium (Ti) conventional wires, superelastic and heat-activated (GAC, TP, Ormco, Masel, Morelli and Unitek), to the wires with addition of copper (CuNiTi 27oC and 35oC, Ormco) after traction test. METHODS: The analyses were performed in a scanning electronic microscope (JEOL, model JSM-5800 LV) with EDS system of microanalysis (energy dispersive spectroscopy). RESULTS : The results showed that NiTi wires presented Ni and Ti as the main elements of the alloy with minimum differences in their composition. The CuNiTi wires, however, presented Ni and Ti with a significant percentage of copper (Cu). As for surface morphology, the wires that presented the lowest wire-surface roughness were the superelastic ones by Masel and Morelli, while those that presented the greatest wire-surface roughness were the CuNiTi 27oC and 35oC ones by Ormco, due to presence of microcavity formed as a result of pulling out some particles, possibly of NiTi. 4 The fracture surfaces presented characteristics of ductile fracture, with presence of microcavities. The superelastic wires by GAC and the CuNiTi 27oC and the heat-activated ones by Unitek presented the smallest microcavities and the lowest wire-surface roughness with regard to fracture, while the CuNiTi 35oC wires presented inadequate wire-surface roughness in the fracture region. CONCLUSION: CuNiTi 35oC wires did not present better morphologic characteristics in comparison to the other wires with regard to surfaces and fracture region.
Shear bond resistance and enamel surface comparison after the bonding and debonding of ceramic and metallic brackets
Authors: Rocha José Maurício da , Gravina Marco Abdo , Campos Marcio José da Silva , Quintão Cátia Cardoso Abdo , Elias Carlos Nelson , Vitral Robert Willer Farinazzo
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in vitro, the shear bond strength presented by three brands of polycrystalline ceramic brackets and one brand of metallic bracket; verify the adhesive remnant index (ARI) after the tests, and analyze, through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the enamel surface topography after debonding, detecting the release of mineral particles. METHODS: Sixty bovine lower incisors were used. Three ceramic brackets (Allure(r), InVu(r), and Clarity(r)) and one metallic bracket (Geneus(r)) were bonded with Transbond XT(r). Kruskal-Wallis's test (significance level set at 5%) was applied to the results of share bond and ARI. Mann Whitney's test was performed to compare the pairs of brackets in relation to their ARI. Brown-Forsythe's test (significance level set at 5%) was applied to the results of enamel chemical composition. Comparisons between groups were made with Games-Howell's and the Post-hoc tests. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed in relation to the shear bond strength loads. Clarity(r) brackets were the most affected in relation to the surface topography and to the release of mineral particles of enamel (calcium ions). CONCLUSION: With regard to the ARI, there was a prevalence of score 4 (40.4%). As for enamel surface topography, the Geneus(r) bracket was the only one which did not show superficial tissue loss. The InVu(r) and Clarity(r) ones showed cohesive fractures in 33.3% and the Allure(r) in 50%, the latter being the one that presented most fractures during removal.
Microscopic evaluation of induced tooth movement after subluxation trauma: an experimental study in rats
Authors: Busato Mauro Carlos Agner , Pereira Alex Luiz Pozzobon , Sonoda Celso Koogi , Cuoghi Osmar Aparecido , Mendonça Marcos Rogério de
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the histological alterations that occurred in the periodontal area of rat molars submitted to induced tooth movement (ITM) right after an intentional trauma (subluxation). METHODS: Forty adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were selected. The animals were divided into eight groups (n = 5), according to the combination of variables: Group 1 - control (neither trauma nor ITM); Group 2 - ITM; Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 - dentoalveolar trauma groups corresponding, respectively, to 1, 3, 8 and 10 days after trauma; Groups 7 and 8 - the animals' molars were subjected to a 900 cN impact and, one and three days after the trauma event, tooth movement was induced. The rats' maxillary first molars were mesially moved during seven days with a closed coil (50 cN). After the experimental period of each group, the animals were sacrificed by anesthetic overdose and the right maxillas were removed and processed for histological analysis under light microscopy. RESULTS: In the animals of group 3, 4, 5 and 6, the histological alterations were not very significant. Consequently, the effect of induced tooth movement right after a subluxation event (groups 7 and 8) was very similar to those described for Group 2. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the quality of periodontal repair when ITM was applied to teeth that had suffered a subluxation trauma.
Comparative photoelastic study of dental and skeletal anchorages in the canine retraction
Authors: Claro Cristiane Aparecida de Assis , Chagas Rosana Villela , Neves Ana Christina Elias Claro , Silva-Concílio Laís Regiane da
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: To compare dental and skeletal anchorages in mandibular canine retraction by means of a stress distribution analysis. METHODS: A photoelastic model was produced from second molar to canine, without the first premolar, and mandibular canine retraction was simulated by a rubber band tied to two types of anchorage: dental anchorage, in the first molar attached to adjacent teeth, and skeletal anchorage with a hook simulating the mini-implant. The forces were applied 10 times and observed in a circular polariscope. The stresses located in the mandibular canine were recorded in 7 regions. The Mann-Whitney test was employed to compare the stress in each region and between both anchorage systems. The stresses in the mandibular canine periradicular regions were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: Stresses were similar in the cervical region and the middle third. In the apical third, the stresses associated with skeletal anchorage were higher than the stresses associated with dental anchorage. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the highest stresses were identified in the cervical-distal, apical-distal, and apex regions with the use of dental anchorage, and in the apical-distal, apical-mesial, cervical-distal, and apex regions with the use of skeletal anchorage. CONCLUSIONS: The use of skeletal anchorage in canine retraction caused greater stress in the apical third than the use of dental anchorage, which indicates an intrusive component resulting from the direction of the force due to the position of the mini-implant and the bracket hook of the canine.