bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How the cool-core population transitions from galaxy groups to massive clusters
Authors: González Villalba Justo Antonio , Dolag Klaus , Biffi Veronica
Published: January 2025

Aims. Our aim is to understand how the interplay between black hole (BH) feedback and merge processes can effectively turn cool-core galaxy clusters into hot-core clusters in the modern universe. Additionally, we also aim to clarify which parameters of the BH feedback model used in simulations can cause an excess of feedback at the scale of galaxy groups while not efficiently suppressing star formation at the scale of galaxy clusters.

Methods. To obtain robust statistics of the cool-core population, we compare the modern Universe snapshot (z = 0.25) of the largest Magneticum simulation (Box2b/hr) with the eROSITA eFEDS survey and Planck SZ-selected clusters observed with XMM-Newton. Additionally, we compare the BH feedback injected by the simulation in radio mode with Chandra observations of X-ray cavities, and LOFAR observations of radio emission.

Results. We confirm a decreasing trend in cool-core fractions towards the most massive galaxy clusters, which is well reproduced by the Magneticum simulations. This evolution is connected with an increased merge activity that injects high-energy particles into the core region, but it also requires thermalisation and conductivity to enhance mixing through the intra-cluster medium core, where both factors are increasingly efficient towards the high mass end. On the other hand, BH feedback remains as the dominant factor at the scale of galaxy groups, while its relative impact decreases towards the most massive clusters.

Conclusions. The problems suppressing star formation in simulations are not caused by low BH feedback efficiencies. They root in the definition of the black hole sphere of influence used to distribute the feedback, which decreases as density and accretion rate increase. Actually, a decreasing BH feedback efficiency towards low-mass galaxy groups is required to prevent overheating. These problems can be addressed in simulations by using relations between accretion rate, cavity power, and cavity reach derived from X-ray observations.
VEGAS-SSS: An intra-group component in the globular cluster system of the NGC 5018 galaxy group using VST data
Authors: Lonare Pratik , Cantiello Michele , Mirabile Marco , Spavone Marilena , Rejkuba Marina , Hilker Michael , Habas Rebecca , Iodice Enrichetta , Hazra Nandini , Riccio Gabriele
Published: January 2025

Context. Globular clusters (GCs) offer a valuable tool as a fossil tracer of the formation and evolution of galaxies and their environment. Studying the properties of these stellar systems provides crucial insights into the past formation and interaction events of the galaxies, especially in galaxy group and cluster environments.

Aims. We study the properties of globular cluster (GC) candidates in an area of 1.25 × 1.03 sq. degrees centred on the NGC 5018 galaxy group. We use the deep, wide field, and multi-passband (ugr) observations obtained with the VLT Survey Telescope (VST) as part of the VST Elliptical GAlaxy Survey (VEGAS). With a focus on studying small stellar systems (SSS) associated with bright galaxies, this paper constitutes an extension of the VEGAS-SSS series investigating GCs in the NGC 5018 group.

Methods. We derived photometric catalogues of compact and extended sources in the area and identified GC candidates using a set of photometric and morphometric selection parameters. A GC candidate catalogue has been provided and inspected using a statistical background decontamination technique, benefiting from the wide area coverage of the data.

Results. The 2D distribution map of GC candidates reveals an over-density of sources on the brightest member of the NGC 5018 group. No significant GC over-densities are observed in the other bright galaxies of the group. We report the discovery of a candidate local nucleated low-surface-brightness (LSB) dwarf galaxy that may possibly be engaged in a tidal interaction with NGC 5018. The 2D map also reveals an intra-group GC population aligning with the bright galaxies and along the intra-group light (IGL) component of the group. The radial density profile of GC candidates in NGC 5018 follows the galaxy surface brightness profile. The (g − r) colour profile of GC candidates centred on this galaxy shows no evidence of the well-known colour bimodality; however, it is observed instead in the intra-group population. From the GC luminosity function (GCLF) analysis, we find a low specific frequency, S​N = 0.59 ± 0.27 for NGC 5018, which is consistent with previous results based on less deep optical data over a smaller area. This relatively low S​N value, coupled with the lack of colour bimodality, might be due to a combination of observational data limitations as well as the post-merger status of NGC 5018, which might host a population of relatively young GCs. For the intra-group GC population, we obtained a lower limit of S​N, gr ∼ 0.6. Using the GCLF as a distance indicator, we estimate that NGC 5018 is located 38.0 ± 7.9 Mpc away, which is consistent with values reported in the literature.
Characterization of single reed mouthpiece interaction in quasi-static regime
Authors: Gazengel Bruno , Dalmont Jean-Pierre , Gaillard Amélie , Brasseur Emmanuel , Taillard Pierre-André
Published: January 2025

This paper describes an experimental measurement setup for the characterization of single-reed mouthpiece interaction under quasi-static conditions. Measurement leads to the estimation of the nonlinear characteristics, establishing the relation between pressure drop across the reed channel and the jet cross-section. Measurements with various lip forces show that the resultant nonlinear characteristics can be described by a single nonlinear characteristic linking the generalized pressure and the jet cross-section. This generalized pressure is the sum of the pressure drop and the lip pressure, defined as the lip force divided by an equivalent lip surface determined for each reed. The nonlinear characteristic is then modeled as a function depending on three parameters: the opening at rest, the linear stiffness for low pressures, and the “elbow pressure,” which allows to make the link between the two affine parts of the function. The characterization of 24 tenor saxophone reeds shows that the model fits the experimental characteristics with an inaccuracy that can be considered as a supplementary parameter for the reed. Finally, the reeds can be characterized with with only five parameters, the inaccuracy, the lip equivalent surface and the three parameters of the nonlinear model. First results suggest that equivalent lip surface and inaccuracy depends on the reed type while reed opening at rest and linear stiffness depends on the reed.
Neuro-inflammation, depression and fatigue in ESRD: Emerging role of microglia and acupuncture as a new treatment addressing neuro-inflammation in ESRD
Authors: Suandika Made , Handayani Rahmaya Nova , Muti Refa Teja
Published: January 2025

ESRD is the most serious form of CKD and is frequently associated with a variety of complications, including depression and fatigue. These diseases contribute to higher morbidity and death among ESRD patients. Chronic inflammation and other pathological factors contribute to the occurrence of both of the aforementioned consequences. The purpose of this study is to propose that neuroinflammation-induced microglial activation may play an important role in these circumstances. Their interplay also provides new avenues for improving palliative care. The method employed combines a literature review with a narrative review to provide an evaluation of the connection of low-grade systemic inflammation with depression and overload in ESRD patients. The findings of this review show that depressive symptoms and fatigue are common in ERDS patients. Acupuncture, as a non-pharmacological option, has been shown to reduce chronic inflammation and enhance clinical results for ERSD patients’ quality of life. In conclusion, acupuncture is showing promise as treatment because they can alter neuroinflammatory pathways and lessen symptoms.
Formulation of a body scrub with pumpkin juice (curcubita moschata) and coconut pulp (cocos nucifera l.) for enhanced skin exfoliation and antioxidant protection
Authors: Fauziah Fauziah , Nawangsari Desy , Prabandari Rani , Misworo Misworo , Zakaria Nurmalia , Zarwinda Irma
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to develop a body scrub formulation combining pumpkin juice (Curcubita moschata) and coconut pulp (Cocos nucifera L.) to provide antioxidant protection, enhance exfoliation benefits, and ensure physical stability and user acceptability. Fresh pumpkin juice and dried coconut pulp were prepared as active ingredients. Four formulations with varying concentrations of coconut pulp (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) were combined with 20% pumpkin juice. The formulations were evaluated for physical appearance, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, emulsion type, irritation potential, and sensory qualities. All formulations were homogeneous, with pH values between 6.1 and 6.2, suitable for skin application. Spreadability ranged from 5.5 to 6.5 cm, meeting the standard criteria. No irritation was observed in any formulation. Sensory evaluations showed that the formulation with 15% coconut pulp (F3) was most preferred for its color, texture, and aroma. This study demonstrates that combining pumpkin juice and coconut pulp results in a stable, effective, and consumer acceptable body scrub formulation, with potential for commercial applications in natural cosmetics.
Correlation of education factors and knowledge in choosing places to give birth in the work area of the Rokan IV Koto I health center
Authors: Fitria Rahmi , Handayani Eka Yuli , Wulandari Sri , Syari Mila , Sinaga Elvina Sari
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors influencing pregnant women’s delivery place preferences. The study emphasizes the significance of choosing safe delivery options, as required by the Indonesian government, and making sure mothers give birth in medical facilities that have enough resources and qualified staff, especially in case of emergencies. Inappropriate clinic or assistant selection by family members may put the health of the mother and the newborn at risk. An observational approach was used in a cross-sectional design. Written questionnaires were used to gather primary data, and the chi-square test was used for analysis. The study’s population consisted of all pregnant women at Rokan IV Koto Health Care Center, including 80 women who gave birth in 2022. Knowledge (p=0.000) and education (p=0.002) were found to be positively correlated with the likelihood of selecting an appropriate delivery facility. Support from family members, however, did not significantly correlate. These findings highlight how knowledge and education affect decisions about safe birthing. Healthcare facilities should step up efforts to spread knowledge and raise awareness about the value of giving birth in well-equipped facilities with trained medical personnel in order to guarantee that all pregnant mothers have access to safe delivery services. The community’s maternal and newborn health outcomes could be greatly enhanced by this strategy.
Management of perianesthesia in benign prostate hyperplasia patients with transvesica prostatectomy and uncontrolled hypertension: A case report
Authors: Suandika Made , Puspita Valentina Intan Ayu , Utami Tin
Published: January 2025

The prevalence of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) increases at the age of 40 years to 90 years. Anaesthesia in elderly patients with comorbidities can be difficult for anaesthesiologist. The minimum dose option is used to minimize the occurrence of myocardial depression and other complications. In this paper, we describe the management of anaesthesia for Transvesica Prostatectomy (TVP) surgery for elderly patients with BPH accompanied by uncontrolled hypertension. The method used in this research is a case study with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and looking at the results of examining related data. The research subjeck was a male patient with a diagnosis BPH who underwent TVP. The result and conclusion of this study refer to the collaborative use of Subarachnoid Block (SAB) or spinal anesthesia induction drugs (Bupivacaine and Fentanyl) with consideration of the minimum dose due to patient’s advanced age and minimizing the occurrence of morbidity and mortality. The intervention given regarding anesthesia health problems which was carried out by providing anesthesia nursing care during the perioperative phase showed good results and without complications that disrupted the patient’s future life
Perianesthesia management of chylothorax and severe obserity with sternotomy under general aneshesia and anemia: A case report
Authors: Suandika Made , Handayani Rahmaya Nova , Sumarni Tri , Maharani Cindy , Dani Dwi Darmawan , Sulaeman Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Surgery with Chylothorax cases is increasingly common. Chylothorax can result in high morbidity and mortality. Effective perianesthesia measures are crucial for managing hemodynamic instability, including hypertension and anemia, and for selecting suitable anesthetic agents to ensure successful surgery. This case focuses on perianesthesia management in Chylothorax surgery involving Sternotomy, addressing issues of hypertension and anemia. The study results indicate that the patient experienced oxygen saturation decline and hemodynamic instability, necessitating adjustments in anesthetic administration. During the recovery phase, the patient required continued ventilatory support and ongoing monitoring due to prolonged effects of anesthetic drugs. In conclusion, anesthesia management in patients with chylothorax and severe obesity requires careful planning and coordination between the surgical and anesthesia teams to ensure respiratory and hemodynamic stability throughout the surgery.
Anaesthesia affects immune function and impact on long-term cancer prognosis: A review
Authors: Kisdyanti Yuniar Melissa , Suandika Made , Rahmawati Arni Nur
Published: January 2025

The effect of anaesthesia on the immune system has been the focus of research over the last decade, particularly in cancer patients. Anaesthetic procedures, which are essential in surgical management, can affect the body’s immune response through direct and indirect mechanisms. Anti-tumour immunity is compromised by local and systemic immunosuppression, which may ultimately contribute to tumor survival and the long-term prognosis of cancer patients. This article aims to identify and evaluate the evidence on the effects of anaesthesia-induced immunosuppression, to determine the mechanisms by which anaesthesia affects the immune system during surgery, and the implications for cancer proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence. In addition, this article also evaluates the type of anaesthesia and explores the relationship between immune modulation during anaesthesia and long-term survival. This article uses the literature review method with the PICO and JBI tools analysis approach of 15 journals found through database searches on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO. The study population is cancer patients, and the research reviewed provides an overview of research into the biological pathways involved, the effects of immunosuppression associated with anaesthesia, and the potential for anaesthetic interventions to minimize the negative impact on cancer prognosis. The review showed a significant association between the type of anaesthesia and modulation of the immune system and its impact on long-term survival. Conclusions from the literature highlight the importance of the appropriate choice of anaesthetic to improve clinical outcomes and long-term survival in cancer patients.
RFID based clinic presence system as an effective attendance monitoring solution
Authors: Saksena Ilham Sidik , Ashari Imam Ahmad , Al-Hakim Rosyid Ridlo
Published: January 2025

To improve employee attendance efficiency and accuracy, this study developed an RFID-based attendance system for Watumas Clinic in Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia. Sistem mengatasi keterbatasan metode manual dengan mengumpulkan dan mengakses data attendance melalui cloud server melalui teknologi Internet of Things (IoT). The development followed the Waterfall methodology, which included analysis of requirements, design, implementation, and testing. Untuk memastikan bahwa sistem berfungsi dengan baik, sebuah sensor RFID dan ESP8266 microcontroller adalah komponen penting. Test menunjukkan keakuratan dan kemudahan sistem. Sangat akurat dalam peramalan, menurut tes Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), yang menghasilkan tingkat kesalahan 3,75%. Test kotak hitam menunjukkan bahwa sistem dapat secara otomatis mencatat waktu dan memberikan feedback instan melalui layar OLED, yang mengkonfirmasi fungsi fitur. Hasil Tes Pengakuan Pengguna (UAT) menunjukkan skor rata-rata.
Regulatory and policy analysis of employment and health protections in Indonesia’s creative economy
Authors: Afrilies Marlia Hafny , Naili Yuris Tri , Lina Angie Angel
Published: January 2025

This research explores the growing role of the creative economy and the regulatory gaps that impact labor protection, specifically in the creative industry sector. The digital transformation of the creative sector has led to significant economic contributions but also challenges regarding labor protection, especially health security for workers. Despite advancements, such as the introduction of social health insurance in Vietnam, Indonesia faces regulatory shortcomings in providing adequate health protection for creative workers, many of whom are freelancers or contract workers. Using a normative legal research method, this study analyzes key legal frameworks, including laws related to manpower, social security, and creative economy regulations, to assess the extent to which existing policies address labor and health protection in the digital era. The research highlights critical gaps in health coverage for workers with less than six months of employment and suggests that expanding social security coverage, increasing legal literacy, and enacting targeted regulatory reforms are essential for creating a more inclusive and sustainable creative economy workforce. The study also draws lessons from Vietnam’s successful implementation of Social Health Insurance. By addressing these regulatory shortcomings, Indonesia can better ensure the welfare of creative workers and enhance their contributions to the national economy.
Mobile android application development for anxiety and pain management: Usability and validity testing of audio hypno-spiritual therapy in ICU settings
Authors: Purnawan Iwan , Sutrisna Eman , Hidayat Arif Imam , Wirakhmi Ikit Netra
Published: January 2025

Anxiety and pain in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can worsen their condition and extend hospital stays. Conventional therapies, including hypnosis and spiritual support, are beneficial but often limited by time and staffing. This study aims to develop and validate a mobile-based Audio Hypno-Spiritual Therapy application, “Harmony,” to address these limitations. This research and development study used a prototype model. Validity was assessed by four experts in hypnosis, spirituality, critical care nursing, and cardiovascular disease, chosen for their expertise in relevant fields, using Aiken’s V analysis. Usability testing with eight ICCU patients evaluated the application’s practicality and effectiveness. The Harmony app demonstrated strong validity with an Aiken’s V value of 0.86. Usability testing, conducted with the USE Questionnaire, produced satisfaction scores ranging from 5.06 to 5.75 out of 7, indicating positive user experience and high satisfaction. The Harmony application shows high validity and usability, supporting its potential as a practical approach to reduce anxiety and pain in ACS patients in the ICCU. Future studies should include larger samples and evaluate the long-term impact of this intervention on patient outcomes.
Evaluation of coloring therapy as an anxiety reduction strategy in the older adults in the community area
Authors: Putri Noor Rochmah Ida Ayu Trisno , Cahyaningrum Etika Dewi , Wurdaningsih Tri Kusuma , Syangadah Zulfiati , Mesayu Salma Fadzila
Published: January 2025

The phenomenon of an increasing older adult population requires attention to various health problems, especially mental health issues such as anxiety, which is often overlooked. Anxiety in older adults can significantly impact their quality of life. One promising approach to managing anxiety is art therapy. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of art therapy in reducing anxiety in older adults within the community. This research used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-post-test model. The sample consisted of 35 participants aged 60 years and older who met the inclusion criteria, namely the ability to use their upper extremities for activities and no physical or mental disorders that would prevent participation in art therapy. Participants were selected through accidental sampling. Participants’ anxiety was measured using the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS), which consists of 25 items, before and after four weeks of intervention. The art therapy intervention was conducted in two sessions per week for four weeks, totaling eight sessions. Each session involved expressive arts activities designed to help participants express themselves and alleviate anxiety. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that 25.7% of participants experienced mild anxiety, 65.7% moderate anxiety, and 8.6% severe anxiety before the intervention. After therapy, analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed a significant reduction in anxiety (p=0.000). This research demonstrates that art therapy is effective in reducing anxiety in older adults. Therefore, art therapy can be integrated as a nonpharmacological intervention that is beneficial in improving the quality of life of older adults and can be applied by health professionals and community workers.
Regulatory challenges in ai-based diagnostics: Legal implications of ai use in medical diagnostics
Authors: Naili Yuris Tri , Mangkunegara Iis Setiawan , Purwono  , Baballe Muhammad Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used more and more in medical diagnostics, with the potential to increase operational efficiency and diagnosis accuracy. But the use of AI also brings with it legal and regulatory ramifications, such as concerns about ethics, patient consent, and liability. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the legal system might be modified to clearly define obligations for healthcare professionals and technology innovators while defending patient rights. The approach was a thorough study of the literature that assessed the legal and regulatory implications of using AI in medical diagnosis. The research results indicated that algorithmic bias, data security, and the requirement for stringent rules to guarantee the ethical and safe application of AI are the primary obstacles. In order to guarantee equity and safety in medical practice, the study’s conclusion highlights the significance of stringent regulation and openness in the application of AI. The creation of a more stringent evaluation system, independent audits of AI algorithms, and greater transparency in data collection and use are among the regulatory policy recommendations. To enhance algorithms, modify the legal framework to safeguard patient rights, and clearly define the obligations of technology creators, more study is necessary.
The influence of doctoral management and medical procedures on patient satisfaction: An analysis based on appointment and medical procedure data
Authors: Terangjaya Yadi Fakhruzein , Dewi Pramesti , Widadi Budi , Salsabila Riska Nadiya
Published: January 2025

The impact of medical procedures and physician management on patient satisfaction is investigated in this study. Physician experience, specialization, waiting time, and the length of medical procedures are the primary characteristics examined. Hospital appointment and procedure records were used to gather data, and waiting time and procedure length were used as stand-ins for patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction is significantly impacted by waiting time, according to the results. There is a negative correlation between waiting time and satisfaction, particularly for specialists. Even though they have lengthier wait times, specialists and subspecialists nevertheless offer greater satisfaction than general practitioners. There were reduced wait times for doctors with five to ten years of experience. However, there was no discernible impact of the length of medical procedures on patient satisfaction. The main findings suggest that waiting time management is critical to improving patient satisfaction, while duration of medical procedures has no significant impact. Therefore, optimizing doctor scheduling and improving communication with patients should be considered.
NMR of 57Fe, 69/71Ga nuclei in gallium-substituted thulium orthoferrite
Authors: Kol’tsov M. A. , Solov’ev E. E. , Moskvin A. S. , Fedotova V. V.
Published: January 2025

The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method is used to study electronuclear interactions in the 57Fe and 69/71Ga nuclei in gallium-substituted thulium orthoferrite at temperatures corresponding to the beginning and end of the spin-flip phase transition Г2(GzFx) → Г4(GxFz). The values of indirect hyperfine fields are obtained for the first time on the 69/71Ga nuclei in orthoferrites. The obtained results are discussed.
Phase separation line for 3He–4He solid solutions
Authors: Shvarts V. A. , Mikhin N. P. , Rudavskii E. Ya. , Tokar’ Yu. A. , Usenko A. M. , Mikheev V. A.
Published: January 2025

The left branch of the phase separation line of 3He–4He solid solutions is measured by using the pulse nuclear magnetic resonance technique. The conditions under which the initial hcp phase splits into a dilute hcp phase and a concentrated bcc phase are realized in the experiments. It is shown that the obtained experimental data match with the Edwards-Balibar theory.
Wedged between two congeners: will the real Gompholobium nitidum (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae) please stand up?
Authors: Simmons C. L. , McLay T. G. B. , Mathieson M. T.
Published: January 2025

The most recent review of the genus Gompholobium Sm. (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae), published in 2008, considered Gompholobium nitidum Sol. ex Benth. to exhibit a high degree of variation, ranging from very compact shrubs with linear leaflets, to open shrubs of a taller stature with lanceolate leaflets, through to dense shrubs with oblong leaflets with obtuse-emarginate apices. We use morphological and ddRAD sequencing data to recognise three species from this broad complex, linked with topographic and edaphic complexity in the study area (Laura south to the Atherton Tablelands, north-east Queensland): (1) G. nitidum sens. strict. is a narrowly distributed taxon limited to the white sands of coastal dunes north of Cooktown, with a single disjunct population south of Cooktown; (2) a novel species described here, G. cinctum M.T.Mathieson & C.L.Simmons, has a slightly broader distribution across the skeletal sandy loams of sandstone formations in the Cooktown region; and (3) G. papuanum Merr. & L.M.Perry, previously subsumed into G. nitidum, is reinstated and occurs broadly across north-east Queensland in woodlands from west of Townsville to Cape York, the Torres Strait Islands and into Papua New Guinea.
Dual function of (inter)subjectivity in the use of well as a discourse marker
Authors: Takamura Ryo
Published: January 2025

It is widely acknowledged that subjective elements emerge in the initial position of an utterance, known as the
left periphery, whereas intersubjective elements typically emerge in the final position, referred to as the right periphery.
However, this functional asymmetry is not invariably maintained. This study advances the argument that the discourse marker
well can serve a dual purpose, simultaneously expressing both a speaker’s subjectivity and intersubjectivity
at the outset of an utterance, specifically on the left periphery. Essentially, well indexes the speaker’s
subjectivity mediated through intersubjectivity. Additionally, the study explores the intricate relationship between
intersubjectivity and the textual function of well as a discourse marker. This study reveals that intersubjective
functions can contribute to the development of textual functions.
High-Magnetic-Field-Induced First-Order Magnetic Transition and Tricritical Phenomenon in Antiferromagnetic Semimetal NdSb
Authors: Zhao 赵 Jun 俊 , Rahman 何 Azizur 安曼 , Liu 刘 Wei 威 , Ling 凌 Langsheng 浪生 , Han 韩 Yuyan 玉岩 , Xi 郗 Chuanying 传英 , Pi 皮 Li 雳 , Qu 屈 Zhe 哲 , Gao 高 Hao 浩 , Zhang 张 Lei 蕾
Published: January 2025

The antiferromagnetic (AFM) semimetal NdSb is well known for the interplay between its exotic magnetism and topological properties. However, its magnetism remains poorly understood. In this study, we thoroughly investigated the magnetization of NdSb single crystals with a high magnetic field (H) of up to 30 T applied in various directions. We found that the AFM phase is suppressed by a magnetic field of 9.41 T when H ∥ [100] and 11.25 T when H ∥ [110], whereas the suppression field ranges from 9.41 to 10.67 T with a hysteresis of 1.26 T when H ∥ [111]. The magnetization of H ∥ [100], which is an easy direction with a typical magnetic transition, was studied in detail. The AFM phase with H ∥ [100] was suppressed at lower temperatures, disappearing at approximately 6.25 K. The critical exponents β = 0.234(3), γ = 0.824(6), and δ = 4.90(6) were obtained for H ∥ [100], and aligned with a tricritical mean-field model. Analysis of the critical behavior suggests a field-induced tricritical phenomenon for H ∥ [100]. An H–T phase diagram for an NdSb single crystal was constructed for H ∥ [100], revealing a field-induced first-order transition and a tricritical point (TCP) at T
tr = 6.25 K and H
tr = 9.41 T. The clarification of the multiple magnetic phases and transitions in NdSb provides crucial insights into the correlation between its magnetism and topology.
Steered quantum coherence in finite-temperature environment and its protection with weak measurements
Authors: Yuan Hao , Zhao Lin-Yao , Han Lian-Fang
Published: January 2025

We investigate the dynamics of steered quantum coherence (SQC) measured by the l
1-norm and relative entropy in a finite-temperature environment, which is modeled as a generalized amplitude damping channel. It is shown that the SQC decreases monotonically as the parameter r increases, and the sudden death of SQC occurs no matter what the temperature is. The effect of the temperature of the thermal bath on the dynamics of SQC is unremarkable. To a certain extent, SQC is robust to the temperature in such thermal noise. Further, we use weak measurement (WM) and quantum measurement reversal (QMR) to protect the SQC from the finite-temperature environment. It is shown that the SQC can be enhanced, or even birthed, when the measurement strengths of WM and QMR are properly chosen. We also show that SQC can achieve the maximal value for the optimal measurement strengths. Our results could be verified experimentally in an all-optical system, and pave the way to further applications of SQC in quantum information processing.
Effects of nuclear deformation and surface polarization on proton-emission half-lives
Authors: Wang Hanlin , Wang Zhen , Bai Dong , Ni Dong-Dong , Ren Zhong-Zhou
Published: January 2025

Proton radioactivity is known as an important method to investigate the characteristics of unstable neutron-deficient nuclei beyond the proton dripline. Based on the tunneling of one proton through the potential barrier formed by Woods-Saxon plus expanded Coulomb potentials, the half-lives of various proton emitters are calculated using distorted wave Born approximations. Particularly, deformation and nuclear surface polarization are considered in our calculation, and their effects on proton-emission half-lives are researched. An analytic relationship of spectroscopic factors with deformation and polarization is proposed as well, which significantly reduces the deviations of calculated half-lives from experimental data. Moreover, inspired by the newly experimental results for the first proton emitter discovered 53Com [L. G. Sarmiento, et al., Nat. Commun. 14, 5961 (2023)], we calculate its two proton-emission branches and well interpret the partial half-lives. It is noteworthy that this high-spin isomer has some particular characteristics including diminutive spectroscopic factors and stronger daughter-proton interactions, which considerably enhance the effects of deformation and polarization.
R^2 corrections to holographic heavy quarkonium dissociation
Authors: Zhu Zhou-Run , Sun Manman , Zhou Rui , Han Jinzhong
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we investigate the $R^2$ corrections to the dissociation of heavy quarkonium in the Gauss-Bonnet gravitational background. We analyze the impact of Gauss-Bonnet parameter $\lambda_{GB}$ on the spectral function of charmonium and bottomonium, and examine how $\lambda_{GB}$ affects the dissociation of heavy quarkonium. Our results show that $\lambda_{GB}$ reduces the peak height and increases the peak width of the spectral function, suggesting that $\lambda_{GB}$ enhances the dissociation of heavy quarkonium. We also discuss how the dissociation of heavy quarkonium varies with the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density and find the dissociation will be easier in more perfect plasma. Additionally, we observe that the temperature decreases the peak height and widens the peak, thereby accelerating the dissociation.Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.
DeepFocus: a transnasal approach for optimized deep brain stimulation of reward circuit nodes
Authors: Guo Yuxin , Forssell Mats , Kusyk Dorian M , Jain Vishal , Swink Isaac , Corcoran Owen , Lee Yuhyun , Goswami Chaitanya , Whiting Alexander C , Cheng Boyle C , Grover Pulkit
Published: January 2025

Objective. Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is an effective technique to modulate brain activity and treat diseases. However, TES is primarily used to stimulate superficial brain regions and is unable to reach deeper targets. The spread of injected currents in the head is affected by volume conduction and the additional spreading of currents as they move through head layers with different conductivities, as is discussed in Forssell et al (2021 J. Neural Eng.
18 046042). In this paper, we introduce DeepFocus, a technique aimed at stimulating deep brain structures in the brain’s ‘reward circuit’ (e.g. the orbitofrontal cortex, Brodmann area 25, amygdala, etc). Approach. To accomplish this, DeepFocus utilizes transnasal electrode placement (under the cribriform plate and within the sphenoid sinus) in addition to electrodes placed on the scalp, and optimizes current injection patterns across these electrodes. To quantify the benefit of DeepFocus, we develop the DeepROAST simulation and optimization platform. DeepROAST simulates the effect of complex skull-base bones’ geometries on the electric fields generated by DeepFocus configurations using realistic head models. It also uses optimization methods to search for focal and efficient current injection patterns, which we use in our simulation and cadaver studies. Main results. In simulations, optimized DeepFocus patterns created larger and more focal fields in several regions of interest than scalp-only electrodes. In cadaver studies, DeepFocus patterns created large fields at the medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) with magnitudes comparable to stimulation studies, and, in conjunction with established cortical stimulation thresholds, suggest that the field intensity is sufficient to create neural response, e.g. at the OFC. Significance. This minimally invasive stimulation technique can enable more efficient and less risky targeting of deep brain structures to treat multiple neural conditions.
Bi2Te3/PbTe thermophotovoltaic cells absorbing radiation from low-temperature surroundings
Authors: Wang Kaixuan , Lou Chaogang
Published: January 2025

Bi2Te3/PbTe thermophotovoltaic cells are prepared by vacuum evaporation. This kind of cells can convert radiation of low temperature (below 500 K) into electricity. The short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage and conversion efficiency of the cells increase with temperature under 300-480 K. The experimental results show that the heat-electricity conversion at low temperature is feasible. The characteristics of the thermophotovoltaic cells are discussed in this paper.
Optical properties of near-infrared down-conversion in Eu2+-Yb3+ co-doped Ba5Si2O6Cl6 for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Song Guoxiang , Lou Chaogang , Zhu Ruiqi , Diao Han , Shen Bowen
Published: January 2025

The mismatch between the absorption spectrum of silicon solar cells and the solar spectrum is the main factor limiting the photovoltaic conversion efficiency. In this work, broadband sensitized near-infrared (NIR) emission Ba5Si2O6Cl6:Eu2+,Yb3+ phosphors were prepared by the high-temperature solid-state method. This phosphor appears green emission in natural light and the particle size observed using a scanning electron microscope is approximately 2 microns. The broadband absorption property of Eu2+ ions enables the materials to absorb photons in the ultraviolet-blue region of 210-500 nm and transfer the energy to Yb3+, causing Yb3+ to emit NIR photons of 974 nm due to the Yb3+:2F5/2→2F7/2 transition. The NIR spectra match the bandgap of silicon (1.12 eV), reducing energy loss due to thermal vibrations. The materials have excellent optical properties and can be applied as spectral modulators on the surface of silicon solar cells to solve the spectral mismatch problem, which has a promising application in silicon solar cells.
Early Internationalists
Authors: Fawcett Louise
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines the richness and diversity of early Latin American contributions to the development of international law across the nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century. It shows the centrality of these interventions to the processes surrounding Latin America’s insertion and terms of acceptance into the international community of states, processes that, with some exceptions, have been hitherto neglected by scholars. Latin American states were among the first to win independence from European imperial powers and be recognized as independent states. Their experience was, therefore, unique in both time and place. The subsequent waves of decolonization occurred in the mid-twentieth century, after two world wars and under different conditions. In that sense, Latin Americans, using international law and institutions as a vehicle, played a pathbreaking and still underrecognized role in the expansion of an international society.
The Montevideo Convention and Its Predecessors
Authors: Pablo Scarfi Juan
Published: January 2025

This chapter revises standard interpretations of the Montevideo Convention. Although the adoption of the Montevideo Convention was a transformative moment, it was shaped by a wide range of precedents and predecessors, previous international and Pan-American conferences, and different regional legal and political traditions and experiences. These include the Pan-American movement and its legal implications, the Mexican Constitution of 1917, and the rise of anti-interventionist and anti-imperialist aspirations. In other words, Montevideo was the culmination of a long process of disciplinary consolidation and codification of international law across the continent, as well as progressive politicization of international law around a debate over the question of interventions. In closing, the chapter considers whether the Montevideo Convention inadvertently made the international legal order less liberal through an absolutist defense of sovereign equality and nonintervention.
Interdisciplinarity and LAIL
Authors: Puig Sergio
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores legal scholarship’s slow but essential transformation by referencing the interdisciplinary encounters of international economic law in Latin America. The chapter discusses different methodologies and substantive areas of international law in general. It then provides examples of questions of interest (and the implications of the analysis) in the regional engagement with this area of law and its institutions from a multidisciplinary perspective. The chapter highlights quantitative and qualitative approaches—a contrast with a scholarly tradition in the region that was always assumed to be doctrinal and positivistic (partly as a shield from European claims rooted in natural law). Ultimately, the chapter argues, these interdisciplinary encounters of international economic law cast light on how the method has influenced Latin American international law, the changing role of international law in the region, and the expansion of scholarship as a way to contest the sociopolitical aspects and cultural assumption of international law more generally.
Technoscientific Thought and International Law in Latin America
Authors: Urueña René
Published: January 2025

This chapter maps this rich tradition of Latin American technoscientific thought, exploring the role that international law can play in creating, accumulating, and distributing economic resources. To that effect, the chapter introduces three distinctively Latin American ways of thinking about science and technology, in roughly chronological order: (1) the idea that the region is a technological desert, (2 Raul Prebisch’s structuralism of the 1950s, and (3) the Latin American Thought on Science, Technology and Society movement (“Pensamiento Latinoamericano en Ciencia Tecnología y Sociedad,” PLACTS) of the 1970s. In each section, the chapter explores the implicit theory of law that the respective approach entails and discusses the distributive impact that such an approach might have in its own terms. The final section concludes with a call to reconnect law and Latin American technological thought in Latin America.
Education in International Law in Latin America
Authors: Pinto Mónica
Published: January 2025

Latin America has long taken pride in its regional exceptionalism in international law. Monica Pinto queries the changing concept of Latin American international law by tracing the evolution of legal education in the region. In a compact but sweeping history, she shows how doctrinal developments and education reflected the political challenges of five historical periods, starting with the colonization of the Americas. The relationship with international law developed under colonial rule, helped build the new states, empowered them to participate in the international society, and assisted in the reestablishment of democracy after periods of authoritarianism. Pinto ends with the critical observation that significant barriers are still in place for the region’s international law practitioners.
Local Politics and Regional Rights
Authors: Landau David
Published: January 2025

This chapter shows the growing role of comparative international law in Latin America. Focusing on three areas—same-sex marriage, social rights, and Indigenous consultation—this chapter showsthat a set of leading domestic courts are the main protagonists in the construction of human rights norms. These norms then spread throughout the region and are adopted and further disseminated by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. However, the chapter also notes the limits of norm diffusion: consensus over norms occurs only where domestic political factors allow. In some rights matters, including economic, social and cultural rights (ESCR), the region’s judiciaries “wildly” diverge.
The Human Rights Institutions of Latin America
Authors: Contesse Jorge
Published: January 2025

Jorge Contesse provides a historical review of the work of Latin America’s two most prominent human rights institutions, the Inter-American Commission and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The chapter discusses formal and informal institutional rules. It explains two distinctive doctrines of Latin American international law—the incompatibility of self-amnesties with international law and the doctrine of conventionality control. Contesse celebrates the vitality of these bodies, particularly in the struggle against military dictatorships. But, he also cautions that the Court’s overzealous interpretations of its mandate in recent years could eventually weaken the human rights system by undermining its legitimacy. The chapter briefly examines developments in the Court’s jurisprudence concerning the justiciability of social rights and the Court’s emphasis on a common law of human rights that promotes an active and even intrusive role for the Court. The chapter argues for a renewed commitment to take both legality and legitimacy seriously.
The Racial Dimension of Latin American International Law
Authors: Barragan Gonzalez Maryluz
Published: January 2025

This chapter explains how racism has been inscribed into the legal systems of Latin America and then points to two recent developments in the struggle toward greater equality. First, Maryluz Barragán Gonzalez highlights the jurisprudence of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention 169 adjudication on the rights of Indigenous and Tribal Peoples. Latin American courts have been decisive in understanding the content of the right to prior consultation of Indigenous peoples and Afro-descendant communities. Second, Barragán points to the historical reparations movement carried out by the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) (officially formed in 1973 by the Chaguaramas Treaty). This platform has led the conversation regarding reparations to compensate for the legacy of colonization and the enslavement of people. It proposes the return of public debts that Caribbean countries paid to their colonizers so they could be independent nations, problematizing current international law and the relationship between European countries and their former colonies.
Corruption and International Law in Latin America
Authors: Gonzalez-Ocantos Ezequiel , Sandholtz Wayne
Published: January 2025

In this chapter, Ezequiel González-Ocantos and Wayne Sandholtz analyze how Latin American countries have grappled with the “eruption” of transnational corruption norms, laws, and regimes, both translating and creating internationally sanctioned anticorruption standards. They trace an important shift in the framing of the issue of corruption since the late 1980s. Initially, corruption gained salience during the region’s transition to more open market economies. The response to corruption was to create a series of international treaties and concomitant changes to domestic legal frameworks and key law enforcement institutions to bolster horizontal accountability. Today, corruption is increasingly framed as a regional human rights issue to curb corruption and the excesses of anticorruption crusades.