bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topography‐Supported Nanoarchitectonics of Hybrid Scaffold for Systematically Modulated Bone Regeneration and Remodeling
Authors: Jang Tae‐Sik , Park Seong Je , Lee Ji Eun , Yang Jeongho , Park Suk‐Hee , Jun Martin Byung‐Guk , Kim Young Won , Aranas Clodualdo , Choi Joon Phil , Zou Yu , Advincula Rigoberto C. , Zheng Yufeng , Jang Hae Lin , Cho Nam‐Joon , Jung Hyun‐Do , Kim Sang Hoon
Published: September 2022

Orthopedic implants should have sufficient strength and promote bone tissue regeneration. However, most conventional implants are optimized for use either under high mechanical load or for active osseointegration. To achieve the dual target of mechanical durability and biocompatibility, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) filaments reinforced with internal titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles via dopamine‐induced polymerization are additively manufactured into an orthopedic implant through material extrusion (ME). The exterior of the PEEK/TiO2 composite is coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) using radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering to increase both the strength and biocompatibility provided by homogeneous ceramic–ceramic interactions and the protuberant nanoscale topography between the internal TiO2 nanoparticle reinforcement and external HA coating. The hardness, tensile, and compression, and scratch test results demonstrate a considerable enhancement in the mechanical strength of the hierarchical PEEK/TiO2/HA hybrid composite structure compared to that of the conventional 3D‐printed PEEK. Furthermore, PEEK with internal TiO2 reinforcement improves the proliferation and differentiation of bone cells in vitro, whereas the external HA coating leads to a more prevalent osteoblast absorption. Micro‐computed tomography and histological analyses confirm new bone formation and a high bone‐to‐implant contact ratio on the HA‐coated PEEK structure reinforced with TiO2 nanoparticles.
Ultralow Thermal Conductivity of Layered Bi2O2Se Induced by Twisting
Authors: Sun Jie , Hu Ming , Zhang Cunzhi , Bai Ling , Zhang Chenxin , Wang Qian
Published: September 2022

Although the twisting strategy has provided great opportunities to tune the electronic and optical properties of materials, little research has been done on how twisting affects phonon properties. Using machine‐learning‐based interatomic potentials within DFT‐level quality and the perturbation theory to the fourth‐order anharmonicity, the phonon transport properties are studied and the phonon behaviors of layered material Bi2O2Se when twisting is applied. It is found that the phonons of Bi2O2Se exhibit hardening effects at finite temperature, and the intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity along the out‐of‐plane (in‐plane) direction is reduced to 3.21 (3.42) W/mK from 3.69 (4.55) W/mK at 300 K by including the four‐phonon scattering. When introducing the twisting between the layers, the out‐of‐plane thermal conductivity can be further reduced by 83% as compared to that of the twist‐free configuration. Such huge reduction of the thermal conductivity arises from the nearly flat acoustic phonon branches and the enhanced third‐ and fourth‐order phonon anharmonicity due to the strong coupling between the twisted layers. These findings unravel that twisting is an effective strategy for tuning phonon band structure and phonon‐phonon interactions, leading to ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of materials.
Annealing High Aspect Ratio Microgels into Macroporous 3D Scaffolds Allows for Higher Porosities and Effective Cell Migration
Authors: Suturin Alisa C. , Krüger Andreas J. D. , Neidig Kathrin , Klos Nina , Dolfen Nina , Bund Michelle , Gronemann Till , Sebers Rebecca , Manukanc Anna , Yazdani Ghazaleh , Kittel Yonca , Rommel Dirk , Haraszti Tamás , Köhler Jens , De Laporte Laura
Published: September 2022

Growing millimeter‐scaled functional tissue remains a major challenge in the field of tissue engineering. Therefore, microporous annealed particles (MAPs) are emerging as promising porous biomaterials that are formed by assembly of microgel building blocks. To further vary the pore size and increase overall MAP porosity of mechanically stable scaffolds, rod‐shaped microgels with high aspect ratios up to 20 are chemically interlinked into highly porous scaffolds. Polyethylene glycol based microgels (width 10 µm, lengths up to 200 µm) are produced via in‐mold polymerization and covalently interlinked into stable 3D scaffolds via epoxy‐amine chemistry. For the first time, MAP porosities can be enhanced by increasing the microgel aspect ratio (mean pore sizes ranging from 39 to 82 µm, porosities from 65 to 90%). These porosities are significantly higher compared to constructs made from spherical or lower aspect ratio rod‐shaped microgels. Rapid filling of the pores by either murine or primary human fibroblasts is ensured as cells migrate and grow extensively into these scaffolds. Overall, this study demonstrates that highly porous, stable macroporous hydrogels can be achieved with a very low partial volume of synthetic, high aspect ratio microgels, leading to large empty volumes available for cell ingrowth and cell–cell interactions.
A Nanozyme‐Immobilized Hydrogel with Endogenous ROS‐Scavenging and Oxygen Generation Abilities for Significantly Promoting Oxidative Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Li Zuhao , Zhao Yue , Huang Hanwei , Zhang Changru , Liu He , Wang Zhonghan , Yi Mingjie , Xie Neng , Shen Yuling , Ren Xiangzhong , Wang Jincheng , Wang Jinwu
Published: September 2022

Non‐healing wound is a common complication of diabetic patients associated with high morbidity and mortality. Engineered therapeutic hydrogels have enviable advantages in tissue regeneration, however, they are suboptimal for the healing of diabetic wounds characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and chronic hypoxia. Here, a unique biological metabolism‐inspired hydrogel, for ameliorating this hostile diabetic microenvironment, is presented. Consisting of natural polymers (hydrazide modified hyaluronic acid and aldehyde modified hyaluronic acid) and a metal–organic frameworks derived catalase‐mimic nanozyme (ε‐polylysine coated mesoporous manganese cobalt oxide), the engineered nanozyme‐reinforced hydrogels can not only capture the endogenous elevated ROS in diabetic wounds, but also synergistically produce oxygen through the ROS‐driven oxygen production ability. These fascinating properties of hydrogels protect skin cells (e.g., keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and vascular endothelial cells) from ROS and hypoxia‐mediated death and proliferation inhibition. Diabetic wounds treated with the nanozyme‐reinforced hydrogels highlight the potential of inducing the macrophages polarization from pro‐inflammatory phenotype (M1) to anti‐inflammatory subtype (M2). The hydrogel dressings demonstrate a prominently accelerated healing rate as shown by alleviating the excessive inflammatory, inducing efficiently proliferation, re‐epithelialization, collagen deposition, and neovascularization. This work provides an effective strategy based on nanozyme‐reinforced hydrogel as a ROS‐driven oxygenerator for enhancing diabetic wound healing.
Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) Growth of Model Cathodes to Study Interfacial Ion Diffusion
Authors: KC Bilash , Guo Jinglong , Farrell Jack , Nolis Gene M. , Buchholz D. Bruce , Evmenenko Guennadi , Cabana Jordi , Crabtree George W. , Klie Robert F.
Published: September 2022

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been the focus of research for decades owing to their superior energy storage potential and wide range of applications. However, long‐term stability issues still persist in LIB cathodes as the result of the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI), structural transformations, or the loss of active cathode materials. In nanoscale cathodes, it is often impossible to isolate, let alone mitigate the causes of the observed capacity loss. Herein, a novel approach is presented to synthesizing LIB cathode model systems using thin‐film molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Specifically, 100 nm thick LiMn2O4 (LMO) thin‐film cathodes are grown on SrRuO3/SrTiO3 (100) single‐crystal substrates and characterized in their pristine and cycled states. The pristine thin films exhibit the electro‐chemical cycling behavior and structural evolution previously seen in bulk LMO cathodes. The formation of surface‐layer rocksalt MnO and spinel Mn3O4 along with the mass‐loss associated with the corrosion of active Mn ions is also reported.  It is, therefore, demonstrated that these MBE‐grown model systems can be used for detailed studies of their surface structures and the electrode/electrolyte interfacial evolution in LIB cathodes, leading to the development of materials for rechargeable batteries with higher capacity and better stability.
Van der Waals Epitaxial Growth of 2D Layered Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetic CrS2
Authors: Xiao Han , Zhuang Wenzhuo , Loh Leyi , Liang Tao , Gayen Anabil , Ye Peng , Bosman Michel , Eda Goki , Wang Xuefeng , Xu Mingsheng
Published: September 2022

2D magnetic materials have been attracting enormous interest for both fundamental research and potential spintronic applications. Here, this work demonstrates the van der Waals epitaxial growth of air‐stable 2D magnetic CrS2 on mica substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The layered nature, high crystallinity, stoichiometry, and high‐purity 1T phase of the individual CrS2 crystallites are verified by a series of complementary characterization techniques including atomic force microscope, scanning transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The single‐crystalline 1T‐phase CrS2 crystallites exhibit a metallic nature with a moderate conductivity of 1.78 × 102 S m−1 and a room‐temperature ferromagnetism with a coercive field of 28.7 Oe. The CVD growth of the air‐stable CrS2 crystallites with 1T phase and high crystallinity offer a new platform for the further physics research and spintronic device applications.
Eye Tear Activated Mg‐Air Battery Driven by Natural Eye Blinking for Smart Contact Lenses
Authors: Pourshaban Erfan , Banerjee Aishwaryadev , Karkhanis Mohit U. , Deshpande Adwait , Ghosh Chayanjit , Kim Hanseup , Mastrangelo Carlos H.
Published: September 2022

A sliding electrolyte metal‐air microbattery driven by natural eye blinking motion is demonstrated as a source of electrical energy that can be integrated with smart contact lens platforms. The metal‐air battery (footprint 10 mm2) consists of a Mg anode and a Pt cathode, patterned on an insulating substrate and the battery electrolyte is a film of eye‐tear fluid that is periodically dragged on top of the electrodes during the natural eye‐blinking cycle, which activates the battery. When tested with an eye emulator, the open‐circuit voltage across the eye‐tear activated metal‐air battery (ETMAB) is 2.2 V. Impedance matching analysis reveals a maximum battery‐specific capacity of 3561 mAh g–1obtained at a discharge current density of 5 mA cm–2. The blinking activated battery exhibits the maximum generated power density of 1.3 mW cm–2at the load of 740 Ω. The blinking ETMAB delivers eight times higher energy output and more than three times longer lifetime than achievable with static ETMAB designs.
Optical Soldering of MoS2 Layers for Defect Structure Formation with Induced Photoluminescence
Authors: Moon Seunghyun , Kim Ansoon , Lee Nam‐Suk , Kim DongHwan , Rho Yecheol , Nam Sang Hwan , Kim Daeho , Kim Taewan , Shin ChaeHo , Kim Hyunwoo
Published: September 2022

Local manipulation of the defect structures in 2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide (2D TMD) opens rich research avenues harnessing their unique optoelectronic properties, where reliable defect structure formation methods are highly desirable. Here, the concept of optical soldering (OS) on few‐layer MoS2 to form site‐selective defect structures with induced photoluminescence (PL) is proposed and demonstrated. OS is initiated by optical heating of the top MoS2 layer to elevate the local temperature above the melting point of the underlying indium‐tin‐oxide nanoparticles (ITO‐NPs). In turn, thermally deformed ITO‐NPs pull the top MoS2 layer down to the substrate, forming the OS‐induced defect structure on the optically irradiated region. The OS‐induced defect structures on a few‐layer MoS2 show bright PL, which can be manipulated in peak positions by varying the incident optical power and irradiation time. OS is a facile method for local defect structure patterning on few‐layer MoS2 and manipulation of their optoelectronic properties while requiring low incidence optical power (≈2.5 mW) and fast process time (≈1 s), which are beneficial in the development of 2D TMD material‐based applications.
Few‐Atomic‐Layered Co‐Doped BiOBr Nanosheet: Free‐Standing Anode with Ultrahigh Mass Loading for “Rocking Chair” Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Long Bei , Zhang Qing , Duan Tengfei , Song Ting , Pei Yong , Wang Xianyou , Zhi Chunyi , Wu Xiongwei , Zhang Qianyu , Wu Yuping
Published: September 2022

Insertion host materials are considered as a candidate to replace metallic Zn anode. However, the high mass loading anode with good electrochemical performances is reported rarely. Herein, a few‐atomic‐layered Co‐doped BiOBr nanosheet (Co‐UTBiOBr) is prepared via one‐step hydrothermal method and a free‐standing flexible electrode consisting of Co‐UTBiOBr and CNTs is designed. Ultrathin nanosheet (3 atomic layers) and CNTs accelerate Zn2+ and electron transfer respectively. The Co‐doping is conducive to the reduced Zn2+ diffusion barrier, the improved volume expansion after Zn2+ intercalation, and the enhanced electronic conductivity of BiOBr, verified by experimental and theoretical studies. An insertion‐conversion mechanism is proposed according to ex situ characterizations. Benefiting from many advantages, Co‐UTBiOBr displays a high capacity of 150 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and a long‐term cyclic life with ≈100% capacity attention over 3000 cycles at 1 A g−1. Remarkably, excellent electrochemical performances are maintained even at an ultrahigh mass loading of 15 mg cm−2. Co‐UTBiOBr//MnO2 “rocking chair” zinc‐ion battery exhibits a stable capacity of ≈130 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 during cyclic test and its flexible quasi‐solid‐state battery shows outstanding stability under various bending states. This work provides a new idea for designing high mass loading anode.
Metal‐Free Allylic C−H Amination of Vinylsilanes and Vinylboronates using Silicon or Boron as a Regioselectivity Switch
Authors: Maloney T. Parker , Berman Janna L. , Michael Forrest E.
Published: September 2022

Vinylsilanes and vinylboronates are common building blocks for organic synthesis, but direct functionalization of these species without the participation of either the C=C or C−Si/B bonds is rare. Herein, we report a metal‐free allylic C−H amination reaction of these vinylmetalloid species that installs a new C−N bond without competing transmetallation or alkene addition. In this transformation, the silicon or boron substituent inverts the usual regioselectivity, directing amination to the site distal to that group. Subsequent cross‐coupling or demetallation allows access to complementary regioisomeric products. Density Functional Theory computations revealed that the observed regioselectivity is due to a subtle combination of electronic and counterintuitive steric factors that favor initial attack of selenium at the silicon‐bearing carbon atom.
Chiral Bismuth‐Rhodium Paddlewheel Complexes Empowered by London Dispersion: The C−H Functionalization Nexus
Authors: Buchsteiner Michael , Singha Santanu , Decaens Jonathan , Fürstner Alois
Published: September 2022

Heterobimetallic [BiRh] tetracarboxylate catalysts endowed with 1,3‐disilylated phenylglycine paddlewheels benefit from interligand London dispersion. They were originally designed for asymmetric cyclopropanation but are now shown to perform very well in asymmetric C−H functionalization reactions too. Because of the confined ligand sphere about the derived donor/acceptor carbenes, insertions into unhindered methyl groups are kinetically favored, although methylene units also react with excellent levels of asymmetric induction; even gaseous ethane is a suitable substrate. Moreover, many functional groups in both partners are tolerated. The resulting products are synthetically equivalent to the outcome of traditional asymmetric ester alkylation, allylation, benzylation, propargylation and aldol reactions and therefore constitute a valuable nexus to more conventional chemical logic.
Preparation and profile control evaluation of core‐shell structure and surface‐hydrophobic modified polyacrylamide microsphere
Authors: Wang Qihai , Chen Bin , Wang Xiujun , Wang Yifan , Hu Weixin , Duan Ming , Fang Shenwen
Published: September 2022

Polyacrylamide (PAM) microsphere has been widely used in the field of profile control to reduce water cut in heterogeneous reservoirs. However, its mechanical strength and plugging ability are still needed to be improved. In this paper, a core‐shell structure and surface‐hydrophobic polyacrylamide M‐P(AM‐PEP) microsphere was prepared by using acrylamide (AM), block polyether macro monomer (PEP) and modified SiO2 with double bond on the surface as monomers through dispersion polymerization. After the optimization of synthesis conditions, the results of SEM and TEM confirmed that M‐P(AM‐PEP) microsphere had the nano‐scale spherical shape and the inorganic core/polymer shell structure, while the contact angle test results showed that M‐P(AM‐PEP) microsphere had the surface‐hydrophobicity. Swelling experiments presented that the size of M‐P(AM‐PEP) microsphere can be increased by 6 times and had obvious self‐gathering behavior. The inorganic core and self‐gathering behavior are helpful for improving mechanical strength and plugging ability of PAM microsphere, respectively. Profile control and oil recovery improvement experiment showed that injecting 0.1 PV M‐P(AM‐PEP) microsphere can decrease the water cut and increase the oil recovery of 17.95%. This new microsphere could be an efficient technology for the profile control in the heterogeneous reservoir.
Upcycling of waste artificial turf forhigh‐performancewood‐plastic composites
Authors: Pu Zhilong , Jiang Jun , Li Yijun , Li Li , Yang Shuangqiao , Wang Qi
Published: September 2022

Plastic recycling is an essential tool to address the issue of plastic waste pollution. Unfortunately, current mechanical recycling processes for commingled plastic waste such as waste artificial turf (WAT) are limited by the inherent dilemma of separation challenge, high cost, and low‐quality products. In this work, solid‐phase shear milling (S3M) process was applied to prepare high‐performance WAT/wood flour (WF) composites, which addressed the challenges of poor compatibility and poor mechanical performance. Due to the strong shear force of S3M equipment, the strong hydrogen bonding in WF fibers was broken and the particle size of the WAT/WF mixture decreased from 452 to 47 μm. The well‐dispersed WF significantly improved the mechanical strength of WAT/WF composites from 17.6 to 26.4 MPa and melt processing ability. Moreover, the maximum tensile strength and modulus of the composites further improved to 32.6 and 2477 MPa through solid‐phase stretching with a 4% draw ratio. Compared with traditional WAT/WF composites, our research achieved the enhancement of 85.2% and 81.3% for tensile strength and modulus respectively. This work not only provides a promising strategy to resolve WAT environment pollution but also prepared value‐added high‐performance products for wood‐plastic applications.
Creating a Sustainable Corporation for the Long Term: A Guide to Effectively Implementing ESG Initiatives for Boards
Authors: Storero Jane K. , Barychev Yelena
Published: September 2022

Jane K. Storero is the senior corporate governance counsel at LTSE Services Inc., and Yelena Barychev is a corporate governance and capital markets partner at Blank Rome LLP. In this article, they discuss strategies for incorporating environmental‐, social‐, and governance‐related considerations in the boardroom.
A systematic review of the literature on telepsychiatry for bipolar disorder
Authors: Farrell Abigail , George Nevita , Amado Selen , Wozniak Janet
Published: September 2022

Objective

Bipolar (BP) disorder is a highly morbid disorder that is often misdiagnosed or undiagnosed and affects a large number of adults and children. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 public health emergency stay at home orders, most outpatient mental health care was provided via telepsychiatry, and the many benefits of virtual care ensure that this will continue as an ongoing practice. The main aim of this review was to investigate what is currently known about the use of telepsychiatry services in the diagnosis and treatment of BP disorder across the lifespan.

Method

A systematic literature review assessing the use of telepsychiatry in BP disorder was conducted in PubMed, PsychINFO, and Medline.

Results

Six articles were included in the final review. All included articles assessed populations aged 17 years or older. The literature indicates that BP disorder was addressed in telepsychiatry services at a similar rate as in‐person services, reliable diagnoses can be made using remote interviews, satisfaction rates are comparable to in‐person services, telepsychiatry services are able to reach and impact patients with BP disorder, are sustainable, and patient outcomes can improve using a telepsychiatry intervention.

Conclusions

Given the morbidity of BP disorder, the research addressing the telepsychiatry diagnosis and treatment of BP disorder is sparse, with only emerging evidence of its reliability, effectiveness, and acceptance. There is no research assessing the safety and efficacy of telepsychiatry in pediatric populations with BP disorder. Given the morbidity associated with BP disorder at any age, further research is needed to determine how to safely and effectively incorporate telepsychiatry into clinical care for BP adult and pediatric patients.
The attitudes of mental health professionals on the employability of people with mental illness: A different view limiting employment rehabilitation
Authors: Lettieri Andrea , Soto‐Pérez Felipe , Díez Emiliano , Bernate‐Navarro Mara , Franco‐Martín Manuel
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Mental health professionals are becoming increasingly involved in the process of employment rehabilitation of persons with psychiatric disabilities. However, few studies address the attitudes of these professionals toward the employability of those with mental illness. The aim of this research was to identify differences in the attitudes of medical and non‐medical mental health professionals, as well as to detect any association between attitude scores and the type of professional.

Methods

A sample of 140 employees from public and third sector mental health organizations answered a questionnaire using a scale measuring their attitudes and views on the employability of people with psychiatric disabilities. The psychometric characteristics of the scale are provided together with the variations detected in the professionals’ attitudes.

Results

This research shows that significant differences in the attitudes between medical and non‐medical mental health employees exist and that there is a need for the implementation of educational programs that may help to improve the attitudes of medical professionals toward the employability of people with mental illness.

Conclusion

This research indicates the importance of improving the professionals’ attitudes to support people attempting to return to work.
Indicators and countermeasures of modern slavery in global supply chains: Pathway to a social supply chain management framework
Authors: Bodendorf Frank , Wonn Fabian , Simon Kristin , Franke Jörg
Published: September 2022

Even though global supply chains are (usually unintentionally) tied to slave labor, research and practice have largely ignored the issue. This is expected to change as civil society activism and new legislation increase the risk of litigation and reputational damage to supply chain partners. To deal with and combat modern slavery in the supply chain, a theory inspired social supply chain management framework consisting of indicators and countermeasures of modern slavery in the supply chain is developed. The framework is refined in a qualitative expert interview study. The theoretical framework is then evaluated by a multimethod empirical analysis that includes a multicase study based on publicly available supply chain data from 6000 media articles and company websites as well as a quantitative empirical study based on survey data from 280 corporate sustainability experts operating in global supply networks. The results show that economic, political‐legal, social, and environmental factors have a significant impact on contemporary slavery in the supply chain. The study also motivates supply chain partners to use preventative and detective measures to reduce the probability of encountering modern slavery actions in their supply chain. Theoretical and managerial implications are drawn from the findings, pointing to a holistic approach to combatting modern slavery in the supply chain.
‘It's like a much deeper understanding and you kind of believe them more …’: The value of peer support for young people affected by sexual violence
Authors: Cody Claire , Bovarnick Silvie , Peace Delphine
Published: September 2022

Research demonstrates that relationships are key when working to support young people affected by sexual violence. Within these relationships, young people show a preference for non‐judgemental, flexible, consistent and informal support. Peer support – defined here as support provided by those with similar experiences – is however an uncharted area for assisting young people affected by sexual violence. This paper draws on interviews with 25 respondents with knowledge and experience of setting up, supervising and/or participating in peer support initiatives for young people impacted by different forms of sexual violence in Europe and North America. The article highlights how one form of peer support, peer or ‘survivor’ mentoring, can provide emotional and social support; create space for ‘normality’; and give choices to young people. It outlines three unique dimensions to the support provided by peers more generally: relatability, credibility and translatability. The discussion reflects on what this might mean for traditional support provided by professionals. It also draws attention to the significance of recognising both the variety of experience and identity of young survivors of sexual trauma and the impact this may have on promoting relatability within relationships.
Immobilization of 2‐Deoxy‐d–ribose‐5‐phosphate Aldolase on Membrane Supports by Spray‐Coating: Optimization by Design‐of‐Experiment
Authors: Fischer Thilo , Sperling Marcel , Rosencrantz Sophia , Wäscher Martin , Pietruszka Jörg , Reinicke Stefan
Published: September 2022

A strategy for the immobilization of the enzyme 2‐deoxy‐d‐ribose‐5‐phosphate aldolase (DERA) is presented via spray‐coating on membrane support material to generate an enzymatically active membrane which can be used in continuously run synthesis modules. A functional, water‐soluble copolymer containing addressable units to covalently bind DERA is mixed with the enzyme, followed by spray‐coating of the mixture onto polyacrylonitrile/polyethylene imine‐ (PAN/PEI) membranes and a subsequent post‐processing to stabilize the coating. Confirmation of successful immobilization was achieved by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and assessment of retained enzyme activity. Through variation of relevant parameters, improvements in stability and activity were seen, which formed the basis for the following optimization by Design‐of‐Experiment (DoE). A first fractional factorial design yielded additional performance improvements and important insights into the impacts of experimental parameters and their interaction. A second full factorial design did not result in further improvements, but validated the results of the first design.
Anchoring 0D CeO2 Nanoparticles on 2D LaTiO2N Nanosheets for Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Lin Peiling , Xiao Lujiang , Lu Ying , Zhang Zizhong , Wang Xuxu , Su Wenyue
Published: September 2022

The efficiency of photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with water to hydrocarbons is largely limited by high recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes in the photocatalysts. Herein, 0D/2D CeO2/LaTiO2N S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalyst prepared by simple in‐situ hydrothermal approach realizes the overall conversion of gaseous CO2 and H2O without any sacrificial reagent and cocatalyst. The yields of CH4 and CO over CeO2/LaTiO2N sample under visible light for 3 h are 1.5 and 7.2 μmol g−1, and the corresponding utilized photoelectron number (UPN) is 26.4 μmol g−1, about 7.3 and 7.8 times that of individual LaTiO2N and CeO2, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of 0D/2D CeO2/LaTiO2N is attributed to the constitution of the S‐scheme heterojunction, which effectively inhibits the recombination of photogenerated carriers. This study is expected to provide a new insight into the construction of efficient 0D/2D photocatalysts for visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Seismic Stability from Low Ductility to Enhanced Resilience
Authors: Fahnestock Larry
Published: September 2022

The fundamental basis for seismic stability is clear – during an earthquake, a building must be capable of carrying gravity loads while developing large inelastic deformations and associated lateral displacements. However, structural design to achieve this performance objective is complex and depends upon multiple system parameters. In current seismic provisions, the global destabilizing effects of gravity are typically considered with simplistic models that may not properly address the actual inelastic stability response of building structures. Building systems with high ductility are used extensively in high‐seismic regions, but in moderate‐seismic regions, systems with low ductility are ubiquitous. The inelastic responses of low‐ductility and high‐ductility systems are starkly different, and life safety must be ensured across this wide variation in behavior. This paper will discuss foundational seismic stability principles and explore the range of inelastic response that is associated with conventional seismic systems and novel next‐generation systems. Results from large‐scale component tests, full‐scale frame tests and numerical earthquake simulations will be used to demonstrate several important concepts: (1) high‐ductility response is an insufficient, and not always necessary, condition for seismic stability; (2) the most critical parameter for seismic stability is persistent secondary stiffness; (3) emerging technologies like recentering, which limit damage, are promising solutions for enhanced seismic resilience.
Numerical Modelling of the World's First Metal 3D Printed Bridge
Authors: Kyvelou Pinelopi , Buchanan Craig , Gardner Leroy
Published: September 2022

Recent disruptive technological advances, including wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) and the concept of digital twins, have the potential to fundamentally transform the way in which we design, build and manage structures. WAAM is a method of metal 3D printing that is well suited to the price‐sensitive construction industry and has been used to manufacture the MX3D bridge – the world's first metal 3D printed bridge. The intricate geometry, undulating surface finish and particular material properties rendered the bridge outside the scope of any existing structural design standards; hence, physical testing and advanced numerical modelling were carried out for its safety assessment. The key features of the finite element model of the bridge, and its validation against in‐situ structural tests, are described herein. Subsequent numerical studies undertaken to verify the structural performance of the bridge under various loading scenarios are presented, while the basis for the development of the smart digital twin of the bridge is also introduced. The presented research provides insight into the use of advanced computational simulations for the verification and ongoing assessment of structures produced using new methods of manufacture.
Properties of Structural Steels in Historical Railway Bridges by Diagnostic Tests
Authors: Hołowaty Janusz , Wichtowski Bernard
Published: September 2022

Over their long service life, steel bridge structures are subjected to functional and material degradations. As a result, these bridges require periodical investigation and assessment of their current resistance. This should be done according to the recommendations of the European Convention for Constructional Steelwork (ECCS), in force since 2008. The paper presents the technical condition of 13 steel bridges built between 1873 and 1890 and 17 bridges from the years 1907 to 1983. The age division given above is prescribed by the great changes in technology and materials which appeared at the turn of the 20th century, the development of structural steel and the appearance of modern higher strength steels in bridge constructions. The mechanical properties of the steels and their chemical compositions are given. The steel test results and conclusions may be useful for others investigating historic steel bridges.
Tensile Capacities of Standing Seam Cladding‐Purlin Clip Connection
Authors: Massoud Mohamed , Hanna Maged , Elagroudi Ahmed , Magdy Ahmed , Samy Ayman
Published: September 2022

Standing seam panels are offering un‐competed metal roofing solution with respect to water leakage prevention. Therefore, need to develop new Standing Seam profiles and alternative seaming techniques is rising now a days. However, standing seam panels wind uplift capacities have no specification or closed form equations and tests are usually needed in order to evaluate clip and seaming capacities. Testing an assembly of the standing seam panels in air chamber equipped with adequate air bumps is usually done for this purpose. However, same types of lab equipment are not available in many developing countries and shipping assemblies overseas for testing is costly. Consequently, developing testing method that is economic and fairly accurate is needed. In this study, standing seam clip connection is designed and tested separately in universal testing machine. The designed details are simulated numerically using nonlinear finite element model. Cladding sheets are modeled using hybrid shell & solid elements while connecting fasteners are modeled using beam elements, Results of the developed testing techniques are compared with that of large scale standing roof system tested using air bump chamber. Failure loads of the isolated clip connection are compared with that in the large scale panels failure modes.
Yield‐line Mechanisms of Endplate Connections with Eight Bolts and Circular Bolt Configurations Using DLO
Authors: Timmers Ralph , Lang Robert
Published: September 2022

Designing bolted endplate connections is a typical problem in practice. Nevertheless, the calculation of such endplates is not that easy. Due to the deformation of the plate, the resultant prying forces influence the resistance of the connection. The so‐called T‐stub model considers prying effects and is included in the EN 1993‐1‐8 for typical endplates with two bolts and rectangular bolt configurations. It was found in the literature that circular bolt configurations can have some benefits compared to rectangular ones, like a better stress distribution in the plate and bolts, resulting in higher resistances. Systematic research on the evolution of the yield‐line mechanisms is still not available, which is the focus of the presented study. We investigated and compared the yield‐line mechanisms and ultimate loads of typical rectangular and circular bolt configurations. A parameter study has been worked out by varying the endplate thickness for each case. The calculations were made with the Discontinuity Layout Optimization (DLO) concept, directly offering the kinematic mechanisms and corresponding ultimate loads. Finally, we gave some simple recommendations for calculating the ultimate loads of circular bolt configurations.
Robustness of Steel Frame Structures Equipped with FREEDAM Dissipative Joints
Authors: Golea Tudor , Santos Ana Francisca , Jaspart Jean‐Pierre , Latour Massimo , Santiago Aldina , Demonceau Jean‐François
Published: September 2022

In the framework of a recent RFCS project, innovative joint solutions named FREEDAM were developed with the objective of proposing beam‐to‐column joints able to dissipate the seismic energy with limited or even no damages. The efficiency of the proposed solutions was validated through experimental, numerical, and analytical investigations on moment resisting frames (MRFs) and dual concentrically braced frames (D‐CBFs). However, according to modern design codes, including the Eurocodes, structures subjected to accidental events such as impact, explosion, or loss of a bearing element should not undergo damages disproportionate to the initiating cause. Accordingly, to validate the proposed solutions, it was also required to demonstrate the ability of structures equipped with FREEDAM joints to exhibit an appropriate level of robustness in case of such accidental events. This paper presents the robustness assessment performed on 20 MRFs and D‐CBFs. The loss of a supporting column was considered in full agreement with the Eurocode requirements. Analytical and numerical studies are conducted to demonstrate how the request for robustness influences the design of the joints which were initially tailored for seismic performances.
Influence of Strain‐hardening on the Load‐carrying Behaviour of Bearing Type Bolted Connections
Authors: Studer Patrick , Taras Andreas
Published: September 2022

The investigations presented in this conference paper focus on the hole bearing resistance of symmetric single‐bolt connections, taking into account the distinct hardening behaviour of various steel grades and quantifying its impact on the resulting load‐carrying behaviour. They synthetize the findings of a larger study that was published in full in previous publications by the authors. The main focus of the study was put on the limitation of the hole bearing deformations by defining a corresponding “resistance”, which is thus a quantity with the background of an implicit deformation limitation.

Experimental investigations were carried out on four different steel grades, each with eight different geometries, in order to investigate the influence of this hardening behaviour on the hole bearing deformations. The paper presents a new approach to define the point on the load‐deformation curve between acceptable and excessive deformations. Based on the results of the hole bearing tests in combination with the new approach to define the transition point between acceptable and excessive deformations, an adapted resistance model is presented. In this model, the hardening behaviour of the steel is taken into account, whereby here specifically the ratio fu/fy of tensile strength to yield strength influences the load‐bearing behaviour.

The proposed adaptation of the hole bearing verification which takes the fu/fy ratio into account facilitates the optimal use of material and can thus save resources. The format of the hole bearing verification remains almost unchanged, which should simplify its applicability in practice.
Buckling Resistance of Longitudinally Stiffened Panels with Closed Stiffeners under Direct Longitudinal Stresses
Authors: Pourostad Vahid , Kuhlmann Ulrike
Published: September 2022

The buckling behaviour of panels may be determined according to EN 1993‐1‐5 [1]. Most of the design rules relating to stiffened panels in EN 1993‐1‐5 were derived on the basis of open‐section stiffeners. Several recent investigations have shown that the application of the design rules according to EN 1993‐1‐5 [1] taking into account the torsional stiffness of the stiffeners may overestimate the resistance of the panels. Therefore, the recent Amendment A2 to EN 1993‐1‐5 states that the torsional stiffness of stiffeners should generally be neglected in determining critical plate buckling stresses. In addition, prEN 1993‐1‐5 [2] provides rules for considering the torsional stiffness of stiffeners. However, in this paper it will be shown that even the rules of prEN 1993‐1‐5 are not reliable as far as torsional stiffness is concerned. The paper focuses on the investigation of the buckling behaviour of stiffened panels with closed section stiffeners subjected to constant longitudinal compression stresses and shows improved rules to consider the torsional stiffness of the stiffeners. For this purpose, a new interpolation equation between column‐like and plate‐like behaviour is proposed, based on an extensive numerical parametric study. The proposal provides a safe and economic solution, as it considers the torsional stiffness of stiffeners when applying the rules of prEN1993‐1‐5.
Elastic Lateral‐Torsional Buckling of Girders with Corrugated Web: Equivalent Section Properties Approach
Authors: Fernandez‐Lacabe David , Lopez Claudio , Serna Miguel Angel
Published: September 2022

One of the benefits of using corrugated web girders is the increase of lateral‐torsional buckling resistance. Different approaches have been presented to obtain the value of the critical moment as a function of the cross‐section geometry. Previous research works consider that the increase in buckling resistance must be accredited to a higher warping constant. The paper presents a systematic finite element numerical analysis of girders with different corrugated web shapes. Bending with respect to the weak axis shows that corrugated web implies higher moment of inertia. Torsion analysis results clearly demonstrate that the increase of torsion resistance is mainly due to higher torsional constant. The paper compares the elastic critical moment values obtained by using finite element elastic buckling analysis with the values provided by theoretical expressions introducing equivalent section properties. Results show that the equivalent section properties approach provides values very close to those obtained using finite elements. Finally, the paper presents closed form expressions to directly compute approximate equivalent section properties of any girder with corrugated web, which compare very satisfactory with those values obtained with finite element buckling analysis.
Distortional‐Global Interactive Failure and DSM Design of CFS Lipped Channel Columns at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Filho Elisson Bilheiro Ferreira , Landesmann Alexandre , Camotim Dinar
Published: September 2022

This work addresses the behavior and DSM‐based design of cold‐formed steel lipped channel fixed‐ended columns failing in distortional‐global (flexural‐torsional) modes at elevated temperatures. It extends the scope of previous studies, carried out in the context of columns at room temperature, by considering columns under elevated temperatures (up to 800° C), due to fire conditions, with various cross‐section dimensions and lengths, selected so that they undergo different levels of distortional‐global (flexural‐torsional) (D‐FT) interaction. The results presented and discussed consist of post‐buckling equilibrium paths, failure loads and collapse modes of lipped channel columns affected by D‐FT interaction, and are obtained through Abaqus shell finite element geometrically and materially non‐linear analyses. The model prescribed in EC3‐1.2 is used to describe the temperature‐dependence of the cold‐formed steel material properties and, in order to cover a wide D‐FT slenderness range, several room‐temperature yield stresses are considered. The numerical failure loads obtained are used (i) to assess the merits of existing DSM‐based design approaches and also, if necessary, (ii) to propose modifications aimed at achieving an efficient failure load prediction for lipped channel columns undergoing D‐FT interaction at elevated temperatures. A few design considerations are drawn from the findings reported in this work, which provide encouragement to extend the current research activity to columns with other cross‐section shapes and/or support conditions, thus leading to a safe, economic and reliable DSM‐based design approach for CFS columns failing in D‐FT interactive modes at elevated temperatures.
A Global Convergent Method for Strength Capacity Evaluation of Composite Sections Subjected to Fire
Authors: Chiorean Cosmin G
Published: September 2022

The paper presents a new advanced computational method for ultimate and nominal strength analysis of composite steel‐concrete cross‐sections with arbitrary shape subjected to elevated temperatures. The capacity diagrams are evaluated for a given bending‐moments ratio, generating plane and smooth distribution points on interaction diagrams. The ultimate (maximum) strength capacity is formulated as a problem of constrained mathematical optimization of the total bending moment, whereas the proposed approach evaluates the nominal strength capacity by means of enforcing the nonlinear equilibrium equations in conjunction with a total strain field tangent at the ultimate strain surface. Both methods are unified within the same strain‐driven algorithm used to solve the resulted nonlinear coupled equations. This algorithm coupled with a bracketing approach by means of combining Bisection and Newton method represents the main computational framework to ensure global convergence of the developed methods. An adaptive effective plastic centroid has been introduced ensuring that the origin of the reference axes is within the iso‐load contour circumventing in this way any potential convergence issues. The computational examples prove the effectiveness and the reliability of the proposed method.
Critical Temperature of Load Bearing LSF Walls Under Fire
Authors: Piloto Paulo A. G. , Khetata Mohamed S. , Ramos‐Gavilán Ana B.
Published: September 2022

Light Steel Frame (LSF) walls are widely used in building structures, used as partition walls and load bearing walls. The LSF is usually protected by layers of homogeneous plates or composite plates, with or without insulation materials in the cavity. This investigation presents the experimental and the simulation results of composite LSF walls in reduced scale and full scale, based on variable load levels (20 to 80%). The numerical model is validated with experimental results, at reduced and full scale, both at room temperature and under fire conditions. This modelling technique can follow the thermal and mechanical degradation of the protection layers of the LSF wall and determine the fire rating for load (R) and insulation (I). The fire resistance (R) decreases with the increase of the load level, being the critical temperature of the steel structure presented by the maximum temperature of the Hot Flange (HF). A new proposal is presented for the critical temperature of the LSF, based on the maximum temperature of the LSF during the fire. The insulation ability is also predicted for different protection materials. Relevant conclusions are presented to increase the insulation ability of LSF walls.
Austenitic Stainless Steel I‐section Beam‐column Tests and Numerical Modelling
Authors: Feber Nina , Jandera Michal , Rossi Barbara
Published: September 2022

Stainless steel became a relatively common material for load‐bearing structures in corrosive environment or when maintenance is difficult. The existing design rules cover all common cases. However, for some, the experimental or numerical data are very limited. This includes studies on welded I‐section beam‐columns. This paper presents a comprehensive experimental and numerical investigation into the structural performance of welded I‐section members loaded by compression and major axis bending moment. In total, eighteen test specimens were fabricated from grade EN 1.4301 austenitic stainless steel plates using two welding methods, namely conventional and laser welding. The experimental program on pin‐ended long beam‐columns is described in the paper. The loading eccentricities for the tests varied to provide a wide range of bending moment‐to‐axial load ratios. Nonlinear finite element models were developed in ABAQUS software and validated using the test results to simulate the beam‐column behaviour accurately.