bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative lagophthalmos formula for levator resection in congenital ptosis
Authors: Kang Sunah , Seo Ji Won , Ahn Chan Joo , Esmaeli Bita , Sa Ho-Seok
Published: July 2018

Aim

To calculate a regression formula for intraoperative lagophthalmos to determine the amount of correction in levator resection for mild to moderate congenital ptosis.

Methods

This retrospective study included 38 eyelids from 28 consecutive children with congenital ptosis with levator function of 4 mm or better who showed satisfactory surgical outcomes defined as postoperative margin reflex distance-1 (MRD1) ≥3 mm in each eye and difference in MRD1 ≤1 mm between eyes at 6 months after levator resection. We investigated whether the degree of intraoperative lagophthalmos measured by calliper correlated with the preoperative values of MRD1, levator function and age. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed with intraoperative lagophthalmos as the dependent variable.

Results

The mean intraoperative lagophthalmos was 7.4±0.9 mm (range, 6–10 mm). The intraoperative lagophthalmos was found to have a statistically significant negative correlation with preoperative MRD1 (r2=0.55, p<0.0001) and levator function (r2=0.53, p<0.0001), respectively. A stepwise multiple regression analysis resulted in the following regression formula: Intraoperative lagophthalmos=9.08 – 0.48×Preoperative MRD1 – 0.26×Levator function (r2=0.60, p<0.0001).

Conclusion

Intraoperative lagophthalmos in patients with satisfactory surgical outcome correlated negatively with both preoperative MRD1 and levator function and accounting for both variables resulted in a stronger correlation than either variable alone. Surgeons would be able to calculate the amount of surgical correction using this formula of intraoperative lagophthalmos, which could lead to a satisfactory surgical outcome in levator resection for congenital ptosis.
Growth patterns of colorectal cancer liver metastases and their impact on prognosis: a systematic review
Authors: Fernández Moro Carlos , Bozóky Béla , Gerling Marco
Published: July 2018

Background

Colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) grow in distinct histological patterns that have been associated with outcome after surgical resection. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the frequency of different CRLM growth patterns and their impact on prognosis.

Methods

We searched Embase and MEDLINE databases from inception to 1 December 2017 to identify studies that reported CRLM growth pattern histopathology, their frequencies, and/or data related to outcome.

Results

We included a total of 23 studies (2432 patients with CRLM) published between 1991 and 2017. There were variations in the terminology used to describe the growth patterns as well as in their histopathological definitions. A ‘desmoplastic’ pattern was most frequently considered, followed by ‘pushing’ and ‘replacement’ patterns. Data supported the presence of both intralesional and interlesional heterogeneity. There were no differences in growth pattern distribution stratified by chemotherapy. While heterogeneity of histopathology assessment precluded formal meta-analysis, the majority of articles found favourable outcomes for desmoplastic and unfavourable outcomes for replacement CRLM, independently of when the study was conducted.

Conclusions

The results suggest that CRLM growth patterns may have prognostic potential and that they may be considered for standardised routine histopathological reporting. Further understanding of the different growth patterns may provide important insights into the biological mechanisms that underlie metastatic growth in the liver.
Stent retriever placement in embolectomy: the choice of the post-bifurcational trunk influences the first-pass reperfusion result in M1 occlusions
Authors: Maus Volker , Brehm Alex , Tsogkas Ioannis , Henkel Silja , Psychogios Marios-Nikos
Published: July 2018

Background

Embolectomy using Stent retriever Assisted Vacuum-locked Extraction (SAVE) is effective in intracranial large vessel occlusion. Which post-bifurcational trunk should be chosen for distal stent retriever placement in M1 occlusions is, however, elusive.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from a comprehensive stroke center between 2015 and 2017. Eighty-nine consecutive patients with M1 occlusions were treated with SAVE. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) series were studied to determine the anatomy of middle cerebral artery division, the position of the stent retriever, and to measure vessel diameters. The primary endpoint was first-pass complete/near-complete reperfusion, defined as a modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score of 2c or 3, after distal stent retriever placement in the inferior trunk.

Results

In 76/89 (85%) patients, microcatheter series were documented. A microcatheter was placed within the inferior trunk in 30/76 (40%) cases. First-pass near-complete/complete reperfusion was more likely to be achieved when the inferior trunk was used for stent retriever placement rather than the superior trunk (mTICI ≥2c: 22/30 (73%) vs 22/46 (48%), P=0.034; and mTICI 3: 20/30 (67%) vs 17/46 (37%), P=0.018). Median diameter of the inferior trunk was larger than the superior trunk (1.4 mm (IQR 1.26–1.62) vs 1.18 mm (IQR 0.98–1.43), P=0.011). The inferior trunk was dominant in 56/76 (74%) cases. Successful reperfusion was associated with placement within the dominant trunk (33/40 (83%) vs 22/36 (61%), P=0.044).

Conclusion

The choice of the inferior trunk for distal stent retriever placement in M1 occlusions is associated with a high rate of first-pass near-complete/complete reperfusion when using SAVE.
Transvenous coil embolization with intra-operative cone beam CT assistance in the treatment of hypoglossal canal dural arteriovenous fistulae
Authors: Crockett Matthew Thomas , Chiu Albert Ho Yuen , Singh Tejinder P , McAuliffe William , Phillips Timothy John
Published: July 2018

Background

Hypoglossal canal dural arteriovenous fistulae (HC-dAVF) are a rare subtype of skull base fistulae involving the anterior condylar confluence or anterior condular vein within the hypoglossal canal. Transvenous coil embolization is a preferred treatment strategy, however delineation of fistula angio-architecture during workup and localization of microcatheter tip during embolization remain challenging on planar DSA. For this reason, our group have utilized intra-operative cone beam CT (CBCT) and selective cone beam CT angiography (sCBCTA) as adjuncts to planar DSA during workup and treatment. The purpose of this article is to present our experience in the treatment of HC-dAVF using transvenous coil embolization (TVCE) with cone beam CT assistance, describing our technique as well as presenting our angiographic and clinical outcomes.

Methods

Ten patients with symptomatic HC-dAVF were treated using TVCE with intra-operative cone beam CT assistance. Prospectively collected data regarding clinical and angiographic results and complication rates was recorded and reviewed.

Results

Complication-free fistula occlusion was achieved in our entire patient cohort. The dominant symptom of pulsatile tinnitus resolved in all 10 patients.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that TVCE with CBCT assistance is a highly effective treatment option for HC-dAVF, achieving complication-free fistula occlusion in our entire patient cohort. We have found low-dose sCBCTA and CBCT to be an extremely useful adjunct to planar DSA imaging during both workup and treatment of these rare fistulae.
Depression induced by chronic stress leads to penile cavernosal dysfunction: protective effect of anti-TNF-α treatment
Authors: Demirtaş Şahin Tuğçe , Yazir Yusufhan , Utkan Tijen , Gacar Gulcin , Halbutoğulları Zehra Seda , Gocmez Semil Selcen
Published: July 2018

Psychological stress may lead to erectile dysfunction (ED), and inflammation has been evaluated as a major contributing factor. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of etanercept (ETN), an anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) protein, on cavernosal function in the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) rat model of depression. Animals were divided into 4 groups: animals not exposed to UCMS, animals not exposed to UCMS and treated with ETN, animals exposed to UCMS, and animals treated with ETN while exposed to UCMS. UCMS significantly impaired the neurogenic and endothelium-dependent relaxation responses; reduced cavernosal endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) expressions; decreased testosterone levels; enhanced systemic levels of corticosterone, TNF-α, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1); and also increased cavernosal levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in rats. ETN administration restored NO-mediated neurogenic and endothelium-dependent relaxation responses of the corpus cavernosum, increased cavernosal eNOS and nNOS expressions, enhanced testosterone levels, and decreased corticosterone levels in UCMS-exposed rats. Also, systemic inflammatory markers and cavernosal proinflammatory cytokine levels were reduced by ETN. Our results demonstrate the role of TNF-α-mediated inflammation in the development of depression and ED in rats exposed to chronic stress.
Experimental removal reveals only weak interspecific competition between two coexisting lizards
Authors: Paterson James E. , Weiss Stacey L. , Blouin-Demers Gabriel
Published: July 2018

Competition for resources is an important mechanism that shapes ecological communities. Interspecific competition can affect habitat selection, fitness, and abundance in animals. We used a removal experiment and mark–recapture to test the hypothesis that competition with the larger and more abundant Striped Plateau Lizard (Sceloporus virgatus H.M. Smith, 1938) limits habitat selection, fitness, and abundance in Ornate Tree Lizards (Urosaurus ornatus (Baird in Baird and Girard, 1852)). Ornate Tree Lizards in the plots where Striped Plateau Lizards were removed switched between habitat types more frequently and moved farther than Ornate Tree Lizards in control plots. However, there were no significant changes in the relative densities of Ornate Tree Lizards in each habitat type or in microhabitat use. We also found no changes in growth rates, survival, or abundance of Ornate Tree Lizards in response to the removal of Striped Plateau Lizards. Our results suggest that interspecific competition was not strong enough to limit habitat use or abundance of Ornate Tree Lizards. Perhaps interspecific competition is weak between coexisting species when resource levels are not severely depleted. Therefore, it is important to consider environmental conditions when assessing the importance of interspecific competition.
A Dual Stimuli Approach Combined with Convolutional Neural Network to Improve Information Transfer Rate of Event-Related Potential-Based Brain-Computer Interface
Authors: Li Wei , Li Mengfan , Zhou Huihui , Chen Genshe , Jin Jing , Duan Feng
Published: July 2018

Increasing command generation rate of an event-related potential-based brain-robot system is challenging, because of limited information transfer rate of a brain-computer interface system. To improve the rate, we propose a dual stimuli approach that is flashing a robot image and is scanning another robot image simultaneously. Two kinds of event-related potentials, N200 and P300 potentials, evoked in this dual stimuli condition are decoded by a convolutional neural network. Compared with the traditional approaches, this proposed approach significantly improves the online information transfer rate from 23.0 or 17.8 to 39.1 bits/min at an accuracy of 91.7%. These results suggest that combining multiple types of stimuli to evoke distinguishable ERPs might be a promising direction to improve the command generation rate in the brain-computer interface.
Simply connected latin quandles
Authors: Bonatto Marco , Vojtěchovský Petr
Published: July 2018

A (left) quandle is connected if its left translations generate a group that acts transitively on the underlying set. In 2014, Eisermann introduced the concept of quandle coverings, corresponding to constant quandle cocycles of Andruskiewitsch and Graña. A connected quandle is simply connected if it has no nontrivial coverings, or, equivalently, if all its second constant cohomology sets with coefficients in symmetric groups are trivial.

In this paper, we develop a combinatorial approach to constant cohomology. We prove that connected quandles that are affine over cyclic groups are simply connected (extending a result of Graña for quandles of prime size) and that finite doubly transitive quandles of order different from [Formula: see text] are simply connected. We also consider constant cohomology with coefficients in arbitrary groups.
Graphs, foams, tensors, polytopes, and homology
Authors: Carter J. Scott
Published: July 2018

In the study of knotted trivalent graphs and their higher dimensional analogue, knotted foams, some of the moves have alternative interpretations. Here three interpretations are given. (1) As the boundaries of chains in a homology theory, (2) as a system of abstract tensor relations, and (3) as a collection of polyhedra that include the permutohedron. The homological interpretation will allow for a solution to the abstract tensor system.
Fixed point results for nonlinear contractions with application to integral equations
Authors: Shukla Rahul , Pant Rajendra
Published: July 2018

We present a number of fixed and common fixed point theorems for a class of nonlinear contractions in metric spaces and metric spaces endowed with graphs. Our results complement, extend and generalize a number of fixed point theorems including a recent fixed point theorem of Kim et al. [Suzuki-type of common fixed theorem in metric spaces, J. Nonlinear Convex Anal. 16 (2015) 1779–1786]. We also discuss an application to a system of integral equations.
Palynology of the Lower Cretaceous Hundleby Clay Member of the Claxby Ironstone Formation in eastern England and its biostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental significance
Authors: Stead Darrin T. , Batten David J.
Published: July 2018

Palynomorph assemblages recovered from five samples of the Hundleby Clay Member of the Claxby Ironstone Formation contain abundant dinoflagellate cysts and miospores (spores and pollen grains). The cyst assemblages are sufficiently diverse to enable an age determination of early Valanginian for all five samples, although it is possible that evidence from the highest two samples indicates a younger age, but no younger than earliest Hauterivian. The miospore assemblage is consistent with these suggestions. A close comparison can be made with palynomorph assemblages from the Speeton Clay Formation at outcrop in East Yorkshire, and indicates a possible correlation with Beds D4–D3 (
Paratollia
–
Polyptychites
ammonite zones), supporting the age determination. The overall composition of the palynological matter recovered from each sample, i.e. their palynofacies, suggests that the whole of the sedimentary succession accumulated in a nearshore marine setting, with deposits at the base of the exposure (samples 1 and 2) reflecting a more distal shelf environment than those from higher up and at the top of the section examined (samples 4, 5 and 3).
Real-time Apparent Resolution Enhancement for Head-mounted Displays
Authors: Lee Haebom , Didyk Piotr
Published: July 2018

The insufficient pixel density of current head-mounted displays is one of the major obstacles in achieving immersive and fully engaging experiences. It is possible to overcome this physical limitation for moving content using software techniques. To this end, previous techniques utilized high-framerate displays and optimized for low-resolution images that, when shown on a display, can significantly increase the apparent spatial resolution. However, so far, all the proposed techniques require expensive optimization, which makes the techniques unsuitable for real-time applications. To overcome this problem, we present a novel method that can improve apparent resolution of such displays in real time. We replace expensive optimizations with a two-step filtering approach. Due to the efficiency of our technique, we can account not only for the motion in the scene but also for any motion in the perceived image introduced by movement of a user. This greatly extends the range of situations where the resolution enhancement can be achieved. In this paper, we present the derivation of the motion-flow-dependent filters and how they can be applied to increase the perceived resolution. To evaluate the performance of our technique, we conducted a user experiment which compares our method to alternative solutions regarding perceived resolution as well as overall quality and demonstrates the advantages of our technique.
Locally Adaptive Rank-Constrained Optimal Tone Mapping
Authors: Shu Xiao , Wu Xiaolin
Published: July 2018

High dynamic range (HDR) tone mapping is formulated as an optimization problem of maximizing perceivable spatial details given the limited dynamic range of display devices. This objective can be attained, as supported by our results, by a novel image display methodology called locally adaptive rank-constrained optimal tone mapping (LARCOTM). The scientific basis for LARCOTM is that the maximum discrimination power of human vision system can only be achieved in a relatively small locality of an image. LARCOTM is fundamentally different from existing HDR tone mapping techniques in that the former can preserve pixel value order statistics within localities in which human foveal vision retains maximum sensitivity, while the latter cannot. As a result, images enhanced by LARCOTM are free of artifacts such as halos and double edges that plague other HDR methods.
How Host Specific Are Herpesviruses? Lessons from Herpesviruses Infecting Wild and Endangered Mammals
Authors: Azab Walid , Dayaram Anisha , Greenwood Alex D. , Osterrieder Nikolaus
Published: July 2018

Herpesviruses are ubiquitous and can cause disease in all classes of vertebrates but also in animals of lower taxa, including molluscs. It is generally accepted that herpesviruses are primarily species specific, although a species can be infected by different herpesviruses. Species specificity is thought to result from host-virus coevolutionary processes over the long term. Even with this general concept in mind, investigators have recognized interspecies transmission of several members of the Herpesviridae family, often with fatal outcomes in non-definitive hosts—that is, animals that have no or only a limited role in virus transmission. We here summarize herpesvirus infections in wild mammals that in many cases are endangered, in both natural and captive settings. Some infections result from herpesviruses that are endemic in the species that is primarily affected, and some result from herpesviruses that cause fatal disease after infection of non-definitive hosts. We discuss the challenges of such infections in several endangered species in the absence of efficient immunization or therapeutic options.
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Capsid Is More Than Just a Genome Package
Authors: James Leo C. , Jacques David A.
Published: July 2018

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the most studied of all human pathogens. One strain—HIV-1 group M—is responsible for a global pandemic that has infected >60 million people and killed >20 million. Understanding the stages of HIV infection has led to highly effective therapeutics in the form of antiviral drugs that target the viral enzymes reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease as well as biotechnological developments in the form of retroviral and lentiviral vectors for the transduction of cells in tissue culture and, potentially, gene therapy. However, despite considerable research focus in this area, there is much we still do not understand about the HIV replicative cycle, particularly the first steps that are crucial to establishing a productive infection. One especially enigmatic player has been the HIV capsid. In this review, we discuss three aspects of the HIV capsid: its function as a structural shell, its role in mediating host interactions, and its vulnerability to antiviral activity.
Prospects of Noncoding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Huaixiang , Xu Qiuran , Ni Chao , Ye Song , Xu Xiaowu , Hu Xiaoge , Jiang Jiahong , Hong Yeting , Huang Dongsheng , Yang Liu
Published: July 2018

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem and one of the most common malignant tumors. Recent studies have shown that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These RNAs may be involved in a variety of pathological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, abnormal expression of ncRNAs in HCC may provide potential prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers. This review provides an overview of the role and potential applications of ncRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and snoRNAs in liver cancer.
Metabolic Imaging Detects Low Levels of Glycolytic Activity That Vary with Levels of c-Myc Expression in Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Glioblastoma
Authors: Mair Richard , Wright Alan J. , Ros Susana , Hu De-en , Booth Tom , Kreis Felix , Rao Jyotsna , Watts Colin , Brindle Kevin M.
Published: July 2018

13C MRI of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate metabolism has been used in oncology to detect disease, investigate disease progression, and monitor response to treatment with a view to guiding treatment in individual patients. This technique has translated to the clinic with initial studies in prostate cancer. Here, we use the technique to investigate its potential uses in patients with glioblastoma (GB). We assessed the metabolism of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate in an orthotopically implanted cell line model (U87) of GB and in patient-derived tumors, where these were produced by orthotopic implantation of cells derived from different patients. Lactate labeling was higher in the U87 tumor when compared with patient-derived tumors, which displayed intertumoral heterogeneity, reflecting the intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity in the patients' tumors from which they were derived. Labeling in some patient-derived tumors could be observed before their appearance in morphologic images, whereas in other tumors it was not significantly greater than the surrounding brain. Increased lactate labeling in tumors correlated with c-Myc–driven expression of hexokinase 2, lactate dehydrogenase A, and the monocarboxylate transporters and was accompanied by increased radioresistance. Because c-Myc expression correlates with glioma grade, this study demonstrates that imaging with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate could be used clinically with patients with GB to determine disease prognosis, to detect early responses to drugs that modulate c-Myc expression, and to select tumors, and regions of tumors for increased radiotherapy dose.

Significance: Metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate detects low levels of c-Myc–driven glycolysis in patient-derived glioblastoma models, which, when translated to the clinic, could be used to detect occult disease, determine disease prognosis, and target radiotherapy. Cancer Res; 78(18); 5408–18. ©2018 AACR.
Brain Development and Heart Function after Systemic Single-Agent Chemotherapy in a Mouse Model of Childhood Leukemia Treatment
Authors: Spencer Noakes T. Leigh , Przybycien Thomas S. , Forwell Amanda , Nicholls Connor , Zhou Yu-Qing , Butcher Darci T. , Weksberg Rosanna , Guger Sharon L. , Spiegler Brenda J. , Schachar Russell J. , Hitzler Johann , Ito Shinya , van der Plas Ellen , Nieman Brian J.
Published: July 2018

Purpose:

Chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can cause late-appearing side effects in survivors that affect multiple organs, including the heart and brain. However, the complex ALL treatment regimen makes it difficult to isolate the causes of these side effects and impossible to separate the contributions of individual chemotherapy agents by clinical observation. Using a mouse model, we therefore assessed each of eight representative, systemically-administered ALL chemotherapy agents for their impact on postnatal brain development and heart function.

Experimental Design:

Mice were treated systemically with a single chemotherapy agent at an infant equivalent age, then allowed to age to early adulthood (9 weeks). Cardiac structure and function were assessed using in vivo high-frequency ultrasound, and brain anatomy was assessed using high-resolution volumetric ex vivo MRI. In addition, longitudinal in vivo MRI was used to determine the time course of developmental change after vincristine treatment.

Results:

Vincristine, doxorubicin, and methotrexate were observed to produce the greatest deficiencies in brain development as determined by volumes measured on MRI, whereas doxorubicin, methotrexate, and l-asparaginase altered heart structure or function. Longitudinal studies of vincristine revealed widespread volume loss immediately following treatment and impaired growth over time in several brain regions.

Conclusions:

Multiple ALL chemotherapy agents can affect postnatal brain development or heart function. This study provides a ranking of agents based on potential toxicity, and thus highlights a subset likely to cause side effects in early adulthood for further study.
Current Paediatric Coeliac Disease Screening Strategies and Relevance of Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Savvateeva Lyudmila V. , Erdes Svetlana I. , Antishin Anton S. , Zamyatnin Jr. Andrey A.
Published: July 2018

Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten-containing grains in genetically predisposed individuals. Identification of CD in clinical practice is often difficult due to the manifestation of non-specific symptoms and signs, so a relatively significant proportion of CD cases remain undiagnosed. Timely detection of the disease is necessary to provide an appropriate approach to control of the disease treatment, in order to avoid potential complications. This is even more important in the case of children and adolescents, to ensure their proper growth and development. In this review, we discuss the data on the current strategies for CD detection among paediatric populations and the role of questionnaire-based discovery of CD cases in the area of interest. We assume that mass screening is a preferable strategy for finding CD cases within the paediatric population because this could uncover symptomatic, oligosymptomatic, and asymptomatic CD cases. However, under conditions of limited financial resources, screening for CD in risk groups, members of which can be identified using questionnaires, is essential. The pros and cons of CD screening in paediatric populations are presented. These depend on a number of situational criteria (cost-effectiveness, lack of awareness), but screening is designed to improve the detection of the disease and therefore improve the quality of life of patients.
Understanding Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Aissaoui Nadia , Jouan Jerome , Gourjault Melissa , Diebold Benoit , Ortuno Sofia , Hamdan Amer , Latremouille Christian , Pirracchio Romain , Morshuis Michiel
Published: July 2018

Background/Aims: Long-term mechanical assist devices are now commonly used in the treatment of severe heart failure to unload the failing ventricle, maintain sufficient end-organ perfusion and improve functional capacity. Depending on the assisted ventricles, 3 categories of long-term assist devices are available: left ventricular assist device (LVAD), biventricular assist device and total artificial heart. Improvements in technology, especially the advent of smaller, durable continuous flow pumps, have led to the use of LVADs in a much broader population of patients in the last 10 years. Both the number of patients living with LVADs and the life expectancy of these patients are increasing. Regarding this growing number of patients with LVAD, intensivists need to understand the physiology of the devices, their functioning, potential complications and their management. Methods: We performed a narrative review of relevant medical literature regarding the physiology of patients with LVAD and management of common complications relevant to the critical care physicians. Results: The most frequent complications occurring in the LVAD patients after the post-operative period are bleeding, driveline infections, thrombosis, device malfunction, right ventricular failure and arrhythmias. Bleeding is the most frequent adverse event in LVAD due to a combination of anticoagulation and acquired von Willebrand disease secondary to shear stress produced within the pump. Their management includes antiplatelet therapy arrest, reduction of the anticoagulation regimen and specific therapy if feasible. Infection is the second most common cause of death after cardiac failure in LVAD patients. All infections must be aggressively treated to avoid seeding the device. Device thrombosis can develop even when patients are adequately anticoagulated and taking antiplatelet therapy because the LVAD is responsible for a chronic hypercoagulable state. Conclusion: Management of these unique patients in the ICU is best accomplished with a multidisciplinary team that includes specialists in advanced heart failure, LVAD nurse coordinators and intensivists.
High Fat Diet Upregulates Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketogenesis via Intervention of PPAR-γ
Authors: Sikder Kunal , Shukla Sanket Kumar , Patel Neel , Singh Harpreet , Rafiq Khadija
Published: July 2018

Background/Aims: Systemic hyperlipidemia and intracellular lipid accumulation induced by chronic high fat diet (HFD) leads to enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and ketogenesis. The present study was aimed to determine whether activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) by surplus free fatty acids (FA) in hyperlipidemic condition, has a positive feedback regulation over FAO and ketogenic enzymes controlling lipotoxicity and cardiac apoptosis. Methods: 8 weeks old C57BL/6 wild type (WT) or PPAR-γ-/- mice were challenged with 16 weeks 60% HFD to induce obesity mediated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Treatment course was followed by echocardiographic measurements, glycemic and lipid profiling, immunoblot, qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of PPAR-γ and following mitochondrial metabolic enzymes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGCS2), mitochondrial β- hydroxy butyrate dehydrogenase (BDH1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 4 (PDK4). In vivo model was translated in vitro, with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM) treated with PPAR-γ agonist/antagonist and PPAR-γ overexpression adenovirus in presence of palmitic acid (PA). Apoptosis was determined in vivo from left ventricular heart by TUNEL assay and immunoblot analysis. Results: We found exaggerated circulating ketone bodies production and expressions of the related mitochondrial enzymes HMGCS2, BDH1 and PDK4 in HFD-induced diabetic hearts and in PA-treated NRCM. As a mechanistic approach we found HFD mediated activation of PPAR-γ is associated with the above-mentioned mitochondrial enzymes. HFD-fed PPAR-γ-/-mice display decreased hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia associated with increased insulin responsiveness as compared to HFD-fed WT mice PPAR-γ-/–HFD mice demonstrated a more robust functional recovery after diabetes induction, as well as significantly reduced myocyte apoptosis and improved cardiac function. Conclusions: PPAR-γ has been described previously to regulate lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. The present study suggests for the first time that increased PPAR-γ expression by HFD is responsible for cardiac dysfunction via upregulation of mitochondrial enzymes HMGCS2, BDH1 and PDK4. Targeting PPAR-γ and its downstream mitochondrial enzymes will provide novel strategies in preventing metabolic and myocardial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus.
An Experimental Investigation of Heating in Induction Motor under Open Phase Fault
Authors: Atig Mahdi , Bouheraoua Mustapha , Fekik Arezki
Published: July 2018

Although a three–phase squirrel cage induction motor is known by its qualities of robustness and low cost of construction. However, this machine can be affected by potential defects that affect the production, safety, quality of service and profitability of installations. However, to show the behavior of induction motor in different operating modes, the studying of this machine is very important. This paper presented the results of an experimental investigation to see the impact of the open phase fault on the thermal behavior in the 2.2 kW three phase squirrel cage induction motor, and to display the stator current waveforms with healthy and faulty conditions under different loads.
Selection and Validation of Mathematical Models of Power Converters using Rapid Modeling and Control Prototyping Methods
Authors: Hoyos Fredy Edimer , Candelo John Edwin , Taborda John Alexander
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a methodology based on two interrelated rapid prototyping processes in order to find the best correspondence between theoretical, simulated, and experimental results of a power converter controlled by a digital PWM. The method supplements rapid control prototyping (RCP) with effective math tools to quickly select and validate models of a controlled system. We show stability analysis of the classical and two modified buck converter models controlled by zero average dynamics (ZAD) and fixed-point induction control (FPIC). The methodology consists of obtaining the mathematical representation of power converters with the controllers and the Lyapunov Exponents (LEs). Besides, the theoretical results are compared with the simulated and experimental results by means of one- and two-parameter bifurcation diagrams. The responses of the three models are compared by changing the parameter K_s of the ZAD and the parameter N of the FPIC. The results show that the stability zones, periodic orbits, periodic bands, and chaos are obtained for the three models, finding more similarities between theoretical, simulated, and experimental tests with the third model of the buck converter with ZAD and FPIC as it considers more parameters related to the losses in different elements of the system. Additionally, the intervals of the chaos are obtained by using the LEs and validated by numerical and experimental tests
Effect of the Thickness of High Tc Superconducting Rectangular Microstrip Patch over Ground Plane with Rectangular Aperture
Authors: Boukhennoufa Nabil , Djouane Lotfi , Oudira Houcine , Amir Mounir , Fortaki Tarek
Published: July 2018

In recent years, a great interest has been observed in the development and use of new materials in microwave technology. Particularly, a special interest has been observed in the use of superconducting materials in microwave integrated circuits, this is due to their main characteristics. In this paper, the complex resonant frequency problem of a superconductor patch over Ground Plane with Rectangular Aperture is formulated in terms of an integral equation, the kernel of which is the dyadic Green’s function. Galerkin’s procedure is used in the resolution of the electric field integral equation. The surface impedance of the superconductor film is modeled using the two fluids model of Gorter and Casimir. Numerical results concerning the effect of the thickness of the superconductor patch on the characteristics of the antenna are presented.
An Empirical Study on Peer-to-Peer Sharing of Resources in Mobile Cloud Environment
Authors: Nadesh R. K. , Aramudhan M.
Published: July 2018

The increase usage of mobile users with internet and interoperability among the cloud services intensifies the role of distributed environemtnt in today’s real world application. Modern technologies are important for building rich, scalable and interoperable applications. To meet the requirements of client,the cloud service provider should offer adequate infrastructure especially under heavy multi-client load.To provide solution for large scale requirements and to statisfy the mobile client from the critical situation like lacking with bandwidth,connectivity issues,service completion ratio, we present adhoc virtual cloud model  for different scenarios that include single and multiple client configurations with various file sizes of various file formats for retrieving files in the mobile cloud environement.We evaluate the strategies with the socket and RMI implemented using java and identify the best model for real world applications. Performance evaluation is done with the results obtained and recommends that when sockets and RMI can be appropriately used in peer-to-peer environment when the mobile user cannot connect directly to the cloud services.
Transfer of Storena gujaratensis Tikader & Patel, 1975 to the genus Suffasia Jocqué, 1991 (Araneae: Zodariidae)
Authors: Solanki Reshma , Siliwal Manju , Kumar Dolly
Published: July 2018

The original description of Storena gujaratensis by Tikader & Patel in 1975 based on a male specimen was wrongly identified in the genus; here we transfer it to the genus Suffasia based on presence of dorsal cymbial flange, large tegulum, long embolus and short bifurcated RTA.  We provide a more detailed taxonomic description of the male.
Vegetative and reproductive phenology of Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. (Agarwood) in Cachar District, Assam, India
Authors: Borogayary Birkhungur , Das Ashesh Kumar , Nath Arun Jyoti
Published: July 2018

Aquilaria malaccensis Lam., a threatened tree commonly called agarwood, is emerging as one of the most promising commercially important aromatic species in the world.  This paper presents the findings on the vegetative and reproductive phenology of Aquilaria malaccensis from the secondary tropical evergreen forest in Cachar district, Assam.  The effect of tree phenology and the influence of seasonal drought and environmental variables, especially temperature and precipitation, on various phenophases such as leaf initiation, leaf-fall, flowering, and fruiting were investigated.  For this, a quantitative assessment was made at 15-day intervals by tagging 35 trees over a period of two years.  Seasonal influence on the phenology of different phenophases was correlated with environmental variables and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was employed.  Leaf initiation was positively correlated with temperature (rs=0.694, p=<0.05), while leaf-fall was negatively correlated with temperature (rs=-0.542, p=<0.05) and rainfall (rs=-0.521, p=<0.05).  Flowering (rs=0.713, p=<0.01; rs=0.713, p=<0.01) and fruiting (rs=0.721, p=<0.01; rs=0.775, p=<0.01) were positively and significantly influenced by temperature and rainfall.  The study suggests that temperature and rainfall were major determinants of the vegetative and reproductive phenology of A. malaccensis, and any changes in these variables under expected climate change phenomenon may have a profound effect on phenophases of this threatened tree species.
Rediscovery, extended distribution and conservation assessment of Cinnamomum goaense (Lauraceae) in the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Geethakumary M. P. , Deepu S. , Pandurangan A. G.
Published: July 2018

Cinnamomum goaense was proposed by Kostermans based on the collection from Karnataka, India.  The species was collected after a lapse of 57 years outside the type locality and forms a new record for Kerala.  A detailed description along with an illustrated distribution map and conservation status is provided.
Camera-trapping survey to assess diversity, distribution and photographic capture rate of terrestrial mammals in the aftermath of the ethnopolitical conflict in Manas National Park, Assam, India
Authors: Lahkar Dipankar , Ahmed M. Firoz , Begum Ramie H. , Das Sunit Kumar , Lahkar Bibhuti Prasad , Sarma Hiranya K. , Harihar Abishek
Published: July 2018

Information on the presence and distribution of species is crucial for conservation planning and management within a region.  Documentation of species assemblages in Manas National Park (MNP) in the aftermath of conflict is critical for informed conservation interventions.  For nearly two decades (1990–2010), conservation efforts in MNP were compromised by ethno−political conflict.  We conducted camera trapping surveys of terrestrial mammals across three administrative forest ranges (Panbari, Bansbari and Bhuyanpara) of MNP in 2017.  A systematic survey with 118 trap locations accumulated data over 6,173 trap-days.  We obtained 21,926 photographs of mammals belonging to 13 families and 25 species, of which 13 are threatened.  We calculated photographic capture rate index (PCRI) using independent events.  Trap specific PCRI’s were used to map the spatial variation in capture rates.  We observed variation in capture rate between Bansbari-Bhuyanpara where conflict ended in 2003 and has remained peaceful, and Panbari, a forest range where conflict ended later in 2016.  Our results further indicate lower capture rates of mammalian prey species and small felids, but higher capture rates of four large carnivores in Panbari as opposed to Bansbari-Bhuyanpara.  These results highlighted the fact that despite a history of ethno-political conflict in the region, although almost all mammalian species expected to occur in the park were detected and confirmed, present evidence indicated ethno-political conflict influences the distribution of several key species.  In depth studies assessing mammalian prey densities, distribution and density are required to further understand the effects of conflict.
Revision of the leafhopper genus Gurawa (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Chiasmini) from Pakistan with description of a new species
Authors: NAVEED HASSAN , ZHANG YALIN
Published: July 2018

The leafhopper genus Gurawa Distant, 1908 is revised with descriptions and illustrations of a new species, Gurawa longispina sp. nov. and a short winged form of Gurawa minorcephala Pruthi from Pakistan. A key is provided to distinguish known species in this genus from Pakistan.
Two new records of deep sea shrimp under the genus Parapontocaris (Crustacea: Decapoda: Crangonidae) from the southwestern coast of India
Authors: KUBERAN G. , CHAKRABORTY REKHA DEVI , PURUSHOTHAMAN P. , MAHESWARUDU G.
Published: July 2018

This paper reports the occurrence of two species of the crangonid genus Parapontocaris Alcock, 1901 in waters off  Kerala from the southwestern coast of India, viz. P. levigata (Chace 1984) and P. bengalensis (Wood-Mason & Alcock 1891). Although P. bengalensis was reported off Bay of Bengal in India, after 121 years this species was now recorded off Kerala, Arabian Sea. Specimens were obtained at a depth of 250–300 m from Kalamuku (9°59'02.91"N /76°14'33.14"E) and Sakthikulangara (8°56'60.78"N /76°32'34.27"E) fish landing centres. Interspecies genetic divergence (COI: 8.8–9.1% & 16S DNA: 2.1–6.2 %) was recorded in the present specimen P. bengalensis and NCBI sequences.
A first preliminary study of the shallow water sponge fauna from Cyprus Island (Eastern Mediterranean)
Authors: GABRIELE COSTA , VALENTINA GIUSSANI , DEMETRIS KLETOU , PERIKLIS KLEITOU , MAURIZIO PANSINI , ALEXIA SETTI , ROBERTO PRONZATO , MARCO BERTOLINO
Published: July 2018

Currently, more than 8,500 valid sponge species are reported in the World Porifera Database (http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/) (van Soest et al. 2018). The Mediterranean Sea sponge fauna, counting almost 700 species, is one of the best documented in the world (Pronzato 2003; Pansini et al. 2011; van Soest et al. 2018) but the eastern part of the basin is by far less studied, in comparison with other Mediterranean areas (Pansini et al. 2000; Voultsiadou & Vafidis 2004; Topaloğlu & Evcen 2014). A small number of species, mainly belonging to the cosmopolitan genus Spongia (Dictyoceratida), are commonly used as bath sponges. Aim of this work is to provide further information on Cyprus Island sponges in general and on species that had commercial importance in the past.
Early career teachers’ self-efficacy: A longitudinal study from Australia
Authors: George Sindu V , Richardson Paul W , Watt Helen MG
Published: July 2018

Although Bandura had proposed that self-efficacy once established is relatively stable, it remains a topic of debate, as empirical evidence has shown different patterns of changes in self-efficacy across different career stages. The current study presents longitudinal data from 74 beginning school teachers in Victoria, Australia to discern changes during their first five years. Their increase in self-efficacy is discussed with reference to existing (primarily cross-sectional) studies, and policy implications for supporting early career teachers.
Samuel, Symbol of Discernment (1 Samuel 3)
Authors: Faraoanu Iulian
Published: July 2018

The text 1 Samuel 3 has been oft studied from the perspective of the call. A deeper analysis reveals that an important theme is the discernment. The paper focuses on the theme of discernment and the answer to the divine call. The topic of discernment is a particularly current theme, especially in the context of the wide access to information and globalization. First, the study clarifies some concepts and terms. Who is Samuel? Why is he proposed as a model? What is the meaning of discernment? Secondly, I make an exegetical analysis of the text in 1 Samuel 3, in order to identify some characteristics of vocation: the call, the discernment of the divine will, and the mission. The final part sets out the implications. It will highlight the elements that render Samuel a symbol of discernment, with an emphasis on the theological and spiritual aspects and the application of the same to the existence of today man. As Samuel, the human being needs to listen, to discern and to act.
A qualitative evaluation of healthy weight services in a local authority in England
Authors: Kime Nicky Helen , McKenna Jim , Griffiths Claire , Rivett Martin , Gately Paul
Published: July 2018

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the healthy weight services in one local authority in England, where obesity levels have been above the national average since 2006.

Design:

We conducted process and outcome evaluation using a qualitative methodology. Data were generated in focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with clients, practitioners, healthcare professionals and volunteers.

Results:

A total of 91 individuals from six services participated in the evaluation. Staff competencies and empowerment outcomes were identified as areas of strength. However, despite examples of excellent practice and enthusiastic recommendations from clients, access and referral processes were areas of weakness.

Conclusion:

In England, local authorities have an important role to play in tackling obesity. It is crucial that they are provided with the tools to be able to implement healthy weight interventions effectively. A whole-systems approach presents a real opportunity for staff in local authorities and public health to work collaboratively and innovatively towards the same goal of continuous improvement in obesity management.
Changing Lives of Dalits, the Musahar’s Community in Madhepura, Bihar: Socio-economic Observation in Twenty-first Century
Authors: Archana  , Singh Pushpendra
Published: July 2018

Musahar is an extremely backward community in Bihar. Since 2007, the Nitish Kumar-led government has announced the Mahadalit Vikas Mission for the development of the marginalized among Dalits. The study addressed the research question whether the Mahadalit Vikas Mission has been able to provide economic development as well as the removal of the discriminatory practices against the Dalits in Bihar. Therefore, the study aims to review the Mahadalit Vikas Mission in terms of providing social and economic support to the extremely backward communities of Bihar. The results reveal that of the multiple schemes introduced under the vision of Mahadalit Vikas Mission, only some have proved to be useful for the Musahars; moreover, no scheme was reported to have succeeded in removing the discrimination based on caste. Majority of the advantages of the scheme did not reach the Musahars.