bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tradition and Modernization in India
Authors: Smith R. Morton
Published: March 2013

Platitudes alarm nobody and are therefore very useful at the opening of an article. The one that suits here is that we are living in a world of change, bewildering in its speed and variety. In arts and thought most of this generation of students in North America have rather an academic than living conception of our Western traditional culture. Yet as the early environment of the individual is so important, much of the past and its assumptions will long linger, and even if the roots only go back to the Romantic movement, still, lack of understanding of our tradition, so profound and widespread, implies a lack of understanding of ourselves—hence the modern aimlessness of many. So it is that even while we complain of a shortage of scientists, there is considerable revival of emphasis on education in arts, which implies the need of our traditional values.
Matthew Arnold and the Modern Spirit: A Reassessment
Authors: Feltes
Published: March 2013

I shall attempt to prove in this paper that Matthew Arnold's criticism is not "of a piece"; whether we look at the corpus of his social writings, his essays on religion, or his literary criticism, we must come to the conclusion that his work is divided into two fairly distinct periods, periods characterized by two distinct attitudes towards what Arnold thought of as "the modern spirit." The religious essays of the seventies, from Literature and Dogma (1873) to Last Essays on Church and Religion (1877), are, rather than the "wilderness" that Saintsbury called them, a watershed separating the period of Arnold's approval of the workings of the modern spirit from that of his fear of its evil effects.
Hidden Persuaders as a Means of Literary Grace: Sixteenth-Century Poetics and Rhetoric in England
Authors: Sowton Ian
Published: March 2013

As T. S. Eliot might say, the market is bullish for books on the whole question of style and communication in the Renaissance. Williamson, The Senecan Amble; Wallace, Francis Bacon on Communication and Rhetoric; Howell, Logic and Rhetoric in England, 1500–1700; Ong, Ramus, Method, and the Decay of Dialogue; Neal, Renaissance Concepts of Method: the titles and performances are impressive and the list could be much longer. Among the problems raised but not exhausted by such excellent studies would be that of a detailed history of the relationship of poetics to rhetoric in English literary theory of the Renaissance; or of further explorations of Ramus' impact upon English poetical theory and practice in the manner of J. P. Thorne's article in volume 54 of Modern Philology: "A Ramistical Commentary on Sidney's Apologie for Poetrie." These would be large concerns. The scope of this paper is simply to consider whether some of the commonplaces of Renaissance rhetoric can be profitably applied to certain kinds of Renaissance poetry, and, if so, what happens when they are so applied.
Reviews
Authors: Bissell Claude , Endicott  , Mineka Francis , MacCallum  , Buitenhuis Peter , Harris Robin
Published: March 2013

Arnold Silver, ed., The Family Letters of Samuel Butler, 1841–1886, reviewed by Claude T. Bissell

Rupert Hart-Davis, ed., The Letters of Oscar Wilde, reviewed by N.J. Endicott

Jack Stillinger, The Early Draft of John Stuart Mill's Autobiography,reviewed by Franis Mineka

H.O. Pappe, John Stuart Mill and the Harriet Taylor Myth, reviewed by Franis Mineka

W.B. Yeats, Essays and Introduction, reviewed by H.R. MacCallum

Bhabatosh Chatterjee, The Poetry of W.B. Yeats, reviewed by reviewed by H.R. MacCallum

Joseph Hone, W.B. Yeats: 1865–1939, reviewed by H.R. MacCallum

B.L. Reid, William Butler Yeats: The Lyric of Tragedy, reviewed by H.R. MacCallum

A.G. Stock, W.B. Yeats: Hist Poetry and Thought, reviewed by reviewed by H.R. MacCallum

Roy Harvey Pearce, The Continuity of American Poetry, reviewed by Peter Buitenhuis

Leslie Fielder, Love and Death in the American Novel, reviewed by Peter Buitenhuis

Daniel G. Hoffman, Form and Fable in American Fiction, reviewed by Peter Buitenhuis

Ihab Hassan, Radical Innocence: Studies in the Contemporary American Novel, reviewed by Peter Buitenhuis

James Woodress, Dissertations in American Literature, 1891–1955, reviewed by Peter Buitenhuis

Richard Hofstadter and Wilson Smith, ds., American Higher Education: A Documentary History, reviewed by Robin Harris
Swinburne and Christina Rossetti: Atheist and Anglican
Authors: Packer Lona
Published: March 2013

There is no more curious friendship in nineteenth-century literary history than that of Swinburne and Christina Rossetti. They represent polar extremes in Victorian poetry, she the devoutly passionate Anglican, he the atheist whose savage attacks upon the "Galilean serpent" can still astonish and shock readers. In a frequently quoted passage Sir Edmund Gosse has told us that "neither Gabriel Rossetti, nor Mr. Swinburne, nor Mr. Morris has shown any sympathy with or any decided interest in, the tenets of Protestantism. Now Miss Christina Rossetti's poetry is not merely Christian and Protestant, it is Anglican; nor her divine works only, but her secular also, bear the stamp of uniformity with the doctrines of the Church of England." Lafourcade suggests that in reminding Swinburne of his own mother and sisters, she recalled to him the pious religious "high church" atmosphere of his home which with enlightenment was lost to him forever. Once in a letter to William Rossetti Swinburne described J.N . Neale as a shining light "in that particular uppermost 'high' branch ofthe Anglican Church to which our mothers and sisters belong."
The Counterfeiters and the Epic Pretence
Authors: Lebowitz Naomi
Published: March 2013

Here is one of the many testimonies to the persistent sense of dissatisfaction with which The Counterfeiters leaves the reader, and it raises crucial questions concerning Gide's problems and purposes. The novel, which by common consent is still the freest form, in terms of generic restraints, is perhaps the most difficult kind of drama to vitalize for a highly selfconscious artist, especially one who admittedly works with the classical ideals of purification. The challenges to the scrupulous spirit in the face of the free form have probably been brought most eloquently to the attention of American and English novel readers by Henry James, whose lack of influence on the modern French novel is in almost inverse proportion to the tremendous influence ofthe French novel on him. Gide's comments ahout James give us some insight into his own concepts about the needs of the modern novel. He is guilty of the usual French assumption that James can give only lessons of craft, and that for this capacity, there are already too many Flauberts.
"The Fresh Start and the Broken Link": Henry Janes's The Ivory Tower
Authors: Buitenhuis Peter
Published: March 2013

The American Scene (1907) reveals how little the United States in the early twentieth century appealed to the visiting expatriate Henry James. It was his conclusion that the "money-passion," as he called it, ruled the nation and was blighting much of its life. According to James, most Americans wanted to make vast sums of money so that they didn't have to "mind" the inconvenience, the desperate pace, and the bad manners of the country. As a relief from witnessing this obsession James turned to places where the remains of a less materialistic past still lingered: to the woods and fields of New Hampshire, to Concord, to the Hudson Valley of Washington Irving, and to Newport. His return to the Rhode Island resort made him recall his earlier days there right after the Civil War, when he was a member of a little band "who confessed brazenly to not being in business," and who sacrificed openly to "the ivory idol whose name is leisure."
Poesie
Authors: Sylvestre Guy
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian poetry published in Canada in 1963.
German Poetry Today
Authors: Bauer Walter
Published: March 2013

To speak of German poetry today is to speak of the German present and reality. This present lies under the weight of the recent past as under the weight of a tombstone. The tombstone bears the name of Hitler. Bertolt Brecht called him contemptuously "Anstreicher"-house-painter. This house-painter did a remarkable job. He destroyed Germany.
Wordsworth, Coleridge, and the "Plan" of the Lyrical Ballads
Authors: Reed Mark
Published: March 2013

Most longer recent studies of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge have contributed one way or another to clearer discernment of the varied and complex personal forces, the tides obedient and currents self-determined, that were interacting in the progress of the friendship of the poets. One fact increasingly well understood is, that however much at some time the two men may have considered themselves "twins almost in genius and in mind," there were at work from the outset of their association individual elements of thought and personality making emergence of doubts and hesitations in each about the ideas or even character of the other a matter only of time. It also is becoming increasingly evident that the formation of the first great monument of their friendship, Lyrical Ballads, and their early theoretical justifications of the volume offer a touchstone by which the dynamics of several problems latent in their relationship as a whole can be understood. Professor Parrish, for example, has explained many of Wordsworth's probable artistic goals in his early contributions to Lyrical Ballads, and indicated the degree to which his intentions failed to coincide with the preoccupations and assumptions of Coleridge. In a recent provocative essay Professor Buchan has examined certain aspects of the poets' early companionship in terms of the needs of the personalities of both men, and has offered suggestions as to how and why Wordsworth (with a dominance characteristic of him throughout the relationship as a whole) apparently appropriated to himself the entire joint project of Lyrical Ballads—as early as 30 April 1798, in fact, Dorothy was announcing that her brother was "about to publish some poems"—and how and why Coleridge in equally typical fashion evidently accepted without hesitation a secondary role in the historic venture, too quickly ignoring distinct differences in aim and attitude between himself and his admired companion.
Humanities
Authors: MacLure Millar , Endicott Annabel , Lochhead
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on the humanities published in Canada in 1964.
Publications in Other Languages
Authors: Kirkconnell Watson
Published: March 2013

Reviews of publications in other languages published in Canada in 1964.
The Myrrh of Parting: A Study of the Theme of Exile in South African Poetry
Authors: Povery John
Published: March 2013

The decision that makes many South African poets leave their native country and spend their life in England, has something in common with the forces that make Australian and New Zealand writers COme to London, or Canadians seek renown in New York. However ardently nationalistic the dominion writer may be, there is a sense in which London and New York must represent the stimulus and competition denied him by the apparently more limited and parochial surroundings of his own country. But the South African writer has a choice more complex and painful than that facing the writers from the other dominions. He shares with other isolated writers the need which impels him to seek the literary communities of London of New York, but he also faces a national situation that doubles the pressure by repelling him from his native country and making return impossible. Even though the poets I am considering in this essay are not political exiles, their motives cannot be entirely aesthetic as they avoid a country where "politics hangs a long hand over the wall."
Crashaw and the Jesuit Poetic
Authors: Raspa Anthony
Published: March 2013

The sacred poetry of Richard Crashaw deserves to be compared to the poetry of the Jesuits and studied in the light of Jesuit poetical theory in the Renaissance. There is no other body of poetry that it so much resembles and no other poetical theory that explains its purposes and techniques so weill. In The Poetry of Meditation, Louis Martz pointed out the great influence of the Spiritual Exercises of the Jesuits On some of Crashaw's poems and on sorne of Donne's and Southwell's. But we must suspect that this inlluence on English poetry is not confined to the structure of individual poems and that it came into it originally through a poetic theory. As it turns out, this theory was closely allied to the Spiritual Exercises and its rules were adapted to the ends of meditation.
The Trials of Love in Marivaux's Theatre
Authors: Nelson Robert
Published: March 2013

In a Marivaux play the ever-present surprise de l'amour is followed by an épreuve. In early plays like Arlequin poli par l'amour (1720) or La Double Inconstance (1723), in middle plays like La Seconde Surprise de l'amour (1727) or Le Jeu de l'amour et du hasard (1730), in late plays like Les Fausses Confidences (1737), L'Epreuve (1740) or La Dispute (1744), the complicated intrigues are all so many tests of the innocent heart by the suspicious spirit.
The Provincial Poetry of Norman Nicholson
Authors: Gardner Philip
Published: March 2013

I can think of only two contemporary poets who are provincial in the sense in which Norman Nicholson defined the term in his talk "On Being a Provincial": one is Jack Clemo, the Cornish poet; the other, not surprisingly, is Nicholson himself. Other names, of course, come to mind: R. S. Thomas, John Betjeman, James Kirkup; but though these poets deal with regional themes and local areas, their work lacks the special kind of intimacy which membership in the community would give to their interpretation of its way of life. James Kirkup has long left behind the Tyneside of his early poems; though Betjeman refers to Middlesex, Padstow and Havering-atte-Bower, it is the music of the names that dominates, and distinction of place is blurred by a personal nostalgia; and to say that R. S. Thomas is a priest is also, despite his unremitting efforts to penetrate the lives of his parishioners, to say that he is an outsider. Even Jack Clemo, who lives not only in the place where he was born but also, like Nicholson himself, in the same house, does not really fit the definition; his blindness precluded both participation in local culture, which the definition requires, and awareness of the local area for its own sake, which it implies. Clemo is not the interpreter of his region, but of himself; his primary subject is his religious belief, and the specifically Cornish imagery of china-clay and mine-workings exists in his poetry as symbol and background, not as theme.
Fiction
Authors: Stedmond
Published: March 2013

Reviews of fiction published in Canada in 1966.
Britomart in Book V of The Faerie Queene
Authors: Bieman Elizabeth
Published: March 2013

The fifth book of The Faerie Queene has probably drawn more unjustified critical censure than any other of the six books. The warrior maiden, Britomart, although more likely to be admired than the book in which Spenser ends her adventures, falls victim almost as readily to critical undervaluation. The reason for both kinds of error may be found in this: although in the fifth book the figure of Britomart attains poetic completion and furnishes an ameliorating grace in the presence of harsh historical fact, critics usually have not noted the full significance of her presence there.
Sidney, Shakespeare, and the "Slain-Notslain"
Authors: Isler Alan
Published: March 2013

The scene of the commons' revolt in Book II of The Countesse of Pembrookes Arcadia, although it deals with matters of serious political concern for Sidney and his contemporaries, is treated as comedy. Whatever Sidney's views on rebellion might have been—and there is evidence in the Arcadia to suggest that for him right-thinking nobles under a tyranny had a virtual duty to rebel—there is no doubt that he regarded the rebellious rabble with horror and disgust. He speaks of a "madde multitude," of an "unruly sort of clownes, and other rebels, which like a violent floud, were caried, they themselves knewe not whether." They are like "enraged beasts, without respect of their estates, or pitie of their sexe"; they are "right villaines" united only in madness. Sidney expresses his scorn by laughing them out of existence:
The Design of Tennyson's "The Two Voices"
Authors: Reed John
Published: March 2013

In spite of a growing sophistication in Tennysonian criticism, there remains a pronounced tendency to impose biographical simplifications upon Tennyson's poetry. A poem that suffers particularly from such reduction is "The Two Voices," generally held to be an account in verse of Tennyson's private emotions. The same presumption imputes the poet to be the fabricated narrator of "Supposed Confessions of a Second-Rate Sensitive Mind." In view of his consciously dramatic sense of art, however, a more rewarding approach would minimize the cumbersome furniture of biography and concentrate upon the design of the poetry.
Reviews
Authors: Wickens  , Carroll John
Published: March 2013

Reuben Levy, trans., The Epic of Kings, Shah-nama, reviewed by G.M. Wickens

Robert A. Donovan, The Shaping Vision: Imagination in the English Novel from Defoe to Dickens, reviewed by John Carroll

G.A. Starr, Defoe and Spiritual Autobiography, reviewed by John Carroll

Robert Adams Day, Told in Letters: Epistolary Fiction Before Richardson, reviewed by John Carroll

Andrew Wright, Henry Fielding: Mask and Feast, reviewed by John Carroll

Morris Golden, Fielding's Moral Psychology, reviewed by John Carroll

William B. Piper, Laurence Sterne, reviewed by John Carroll

John M. Stedmond, The Comic Art of Laurence Sterne, reviewed by John Carroll

Richard Graves, The Spiritual Quixote, reviewed by John Carroll

Laurence Sterne, A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy, reviewed by John Carroll
Reviews
Authors: MacGillivray
Published: March 2013

Kenneth Curry, ed., New Letters of Robert Southey, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

Jack Stillinger, ed., The Letters of Charles Armitage Brown, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

Leonidas M. Jones, ed., Selected Prose of John Hamilton Reynolds, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

Chester L. Shaver, ed., The Letters of William and Dorothy Wordsworth, ... Second Edition, I, the Early Years 1787–1805, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

Neville Rogers, ed., The Esdaile Poems [of Shelley]: Early Minor Poems from the "Esdaile Notebook,", reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

Donald H. Reiman, ed. Shelley's "The Triumph of Life": A Critical Study, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

Paul M. Zall, ed., Literary Criticisms of William Wordsowrth, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

Mark L. Reed, Wordsworth: The Chronology of the Early Years, 1770–1799, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

David Perkins, Wordsworth and the Poetry of Sincerity, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

Geoffrey H. Harmtan, Wordsworth's Poetry, 1787–1814, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

James Scoggins, Imagination and Fancy: Complementary Modes in the Poetry of Wordsworth, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

Christopher Salvesen, The Landscape of Memory: A Study of Wordsworth's Poetry, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

Roger N. Murray, Wordsworth's Style: Figures and Themes in the "Lyrical Ballads" of 1800, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

Max F. Schulz, The Poetic Voices of Coleridge; A Study of his Desire for Spontaneity and Passion for Order, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

Marshall Suther, Visions of Xanadu, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

Earl R. Wasserman, Shelley's Prometheus Unbound: A Critical Reading, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

Neville Rogers, Shelley at Work: A Critical Inquiry, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

Earl J. Schulze, Shelley's Theory of Poetry: A Reappraisal, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

James Rieger, The Mutiny Within: Heresies of Percy Bysshe Shelley, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray

Oliver F. Sigworth, Nature's Sternest Painter: Five Essays on the Poetry of George Crabbe, reviewed by J.R. MacGillivray
Fiction
Authors: Stedmond
Published: March 2013

Reviews of fiction published in Canada in 1967.
Social Studies
Authors: Brady Alexander , Cross Michael , Preston Richard , Sheffield
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books about social studies published in Canada in 1967.
Les Etudes Sociales
Authors: Bonenfant Jean-Charles
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on French-Canadian social studies published in Canada in 1967.
Publications in Other Languages
Authors: Andruyshen
Published: March 2013

Reviews of publications in other languages published in Canada in 1967.
Coleridge: Philosopher and Theologian as Literary Critic
Authors: Park Roy
Published: March 2013

In Coleridge's critical theory, the poetic imagination performs a function analogous in a general way to the function performed by practical reason in the ethical theory of Kant. Although Kant denied the idea of moral freedom as a subject of cognitive knowledge, he went on to show (i) that freedom in the realm of pure reason in its practical role, as distinct from its speculative or theoretical one, could be known, and not merely problematically thought, and (ii) that a being belonging to the world of the senses also belonged to the supersensible order, and that this too was positively known. The supersensible world is known and not merely transcendent as for theoretical purposes. It was, for practical purposes, immanent. For Kant, pure practical reason is not concerned with objects so as to know them cognitively, but with its own faculty for realizing them. As practical, the role of reason was not to furnish an intuition, but a law. The ideas of freedom, God, and immortality are regulative, and not constitutive.
Reviews
Authors: Stigler George , McConica James , Eichner Hans
Published: March 2013

Lord Robbins, Collected works of John Stuart Mill, vols. IV, V: Essays on Economics and Society, reviewed by George J. Stigler

J.J. Scarisbrick, Henry VII, reviewed by James Kelsey McConica

Friedrich Schiller,On the Aesthetic Education of Man, in a Series of Letters, reviewed by Hans Eichner
La Princesse de Clèves and the Myth of Courtly Love
Authors: Brody Jules
Published: March 2013

The action of La Princesse de Clèves evolves in a setting almost too splendid to be real. As the first sentence suggests, life at the court of Henri II had reached an exemplary stage of brilliance, never known before and never to be known again; "La magnificence et la galanterie n'ont jamais paru en France avec tant d'éclat que dans les demières années du règne de Henri second." This was a Golden Age of courtesy, a privileged era when women were more lovely, men more handsome, nature more bountiful in her production of the courtly species: "Jamais cour n'a eu tant de belles personnes et d'hommes admirablement bien faits; et il semblait que la nature eût pris plaisir à placer ce qu'elle donne de plus beau dans les plus grandes princesses et dans les plus grands princes." (242) This place of beauty and pleasure was populated by a "nombre infini de princes et de grands seigneurs d'un mérite extraordinaire." (242)
Spenser's Defence of Elizabeth
Authors: Northrop Douglas
Published: March 2013

Edmund Spenser's praise of his sovereign's justice and mercy is clearly indicated at many points in the allegory of his "Legend of Justice," Book v of The Faerie Queene, and thus joins the many other artistic and popular glorifications of Elizabeth that appeared during the last two decades of her reign. It should be noted, however, that much of this glorification was not idle adulation, but was designed to answer specific criticisms of the Queen, to encourage loyalty, and, indeed, to protect the realm from foreign attack. In 1595, when the second three books of The Faerie Queene were published, protestant England was engaged in a continuing battle with Roman Catholicism and Spain. This battle had its propagandistic and theoretical side, and praise of Elizabeth was very important for the issues raised in this controversial literature. It is the thesis of this study that Book V of The Faerie Queene is more closely related to this controversial literature than has been previously recognised.
Reviews
Authors: Grosskurth Phyllis
Published: March 2013

Desmond Bowen, The Idea of the Victorian Church, reviewed by Phyllis Grosskurth
Fiction
Authors: Roper Gordon
Published: March 2013

Reviews of fiction published in Canada in 1968.
Literary Studies
Authors: David Alfred , Graziani René , MacLure Millar
Published: March 2013

Reviews of literary studies published in Canada in 1968.
Light Prose
Authors: Robson John
Published: March 2013

Reviews of light prose published in Canada in 1968.
Les Etudes Sociales
Authors: Bonenfant Jean-Charles
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on French-Canadian social studies published in Canada in 1968.
Reviews
Authors: Woodhouse  , Brady  , Reid Escott , McDougall
Published: March 2013

William Haller, ed., Tracts on Liberty in the Puritan Revolution, 1638–1647, 3 vols., reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse

Leslie T. Fournier, Railway Nationalization in Canada, reviewed by A. Brady

Evans Clarke, ed.,Boycotts and Peace, reviewed by Escott Reid

P. S. Wild, Sanctions and Treaty Enforcement, reviewed by Escott Reid

A. E. Hindmarsh, Force in Peace, reviewed by Escott Reid

O. S. Frank and Others, Economic Sanctions, reviewed by Escott Reid

League of Nations Union, Economic Sanctions, reviewed by Escott Reid

Right Hon. W. L. Mackenzie King, “A Policy of Peace”, reviewed by Escott Reid

A. S. Millward, ”The Place of Peaceful Pressure, “, reviewed by Escott Reid

H. F. Angus, ”Canada and a Foreign Policy “, reviewed by Escott Reid

Francis Delaisi, The Fallacy of Economic Sanctions, reviewed by Escott Reid

David Ogg, England in the Reign of Charles II, reviewed by D. J. McDougall

Arthur Bryant, The England of Charles II, reviewed by D. J. McDougall

G. N. Clark, The Later Stuarts, 1660-1714, reviewed by D. J. McDougall
the Spirit of Greek Literature
Authors: Norwood Gilbert
Published: March 2013

In dealing with a topic so difficult and elusive as this, precision must be sought almost as earnestly as Truth herself. First, then, let me define my period. I shall restrict myself to that part of Greek literature which is not only the greatest but also, the most distinctively Greek-that is, those authors who wrote before Greece, first through the victories of Alexander, then through the Roman conquest, became part of a far wider world with novel politics, new religions, and conceptions of life that made the Hellenic spirit a thing not indeed dead but a now distant beacon instead of a daily sunlight.
Thomas Dekker's Twelfth Night
Authors: Kinney Arthur
Published: March 2013

The Shoemakers' Holiday is a festival of equivocation. The play rests securely in ambiguity by pledging itself to ritual, first celebrating the disruption of order and process common to the saturnalia and then reconfirming tradition with the announcement of nuptials. Emphasis falls not on character or situation, but on occasion. To admit this is not simply to reconcile ourselves to the contagious vitality indicated in the title, but to respond as well in terms which fully acknowledge the radical oppositions in Dekker's own society: the play evokes the old order of mediaeval guilds while simultaneously paying homage to the competitive explorer and merchant, admires aristocracy while avouching democracy. The play refuses to take the single point of view either of courtly conduct or of the routine workaday world of shoemaking. Rather, it gathers up antitheses and accommodates contrast: Simon Eyre's repeated exercise in equivocation, ‘Prince am I none, yet I am princely born,’ is properly choric.
Poesie
Authors: Major Jean-Louis
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian poetry published in Canada in 1972.
Light Prose
Authors: Robson John
Published: March 2013

Reviews of light prose published in Canada in 1971.
Publications in Other Languages
Authors: Andrusyshen
Published: March 2013

Reviews of publications in other languages published in Canada in 1971.
Language Versus Design in Drama: A Background to the Pope-Theobald Controversy
Authors: Seary Peter
Published: March 2013

Lewis Theobald is usually known to those interested in eighteenth century literature as a scholar whose interests were confined to the minutiae of language and whose pedantry in exposing the weaknesses of Pope's Shakespeare (1725) in Shakespeare Restored (1726) rightly earned him his prominent place in The Dunciad (1728). This view derives essentially from The Dunciad and has been only slightly modified by the fact that Theobald's edition of Shakespeare [January 1734] is generally acknowledged to be superior to that of Pope. Literary historians have been content to grant Theobald's supremacy in scholarship, but they have denigrated his critical sensibilities in deference to Pope, thereby accepting Pope's equation of scholarship and pedantry.
The Decameron: The Marginality of Literature
Authors: Mazzotta Giuseppe
Published: March 2013

There has been no sustained examination of Boccaccio's reflections on the meaning of literature in the Decameron. Probably because Boccaccio himself in his introduction places his fiction in a garden, a critic of the stature of Charles Singleton has spoken of the Decameron as escapist literature. The plague that necessitates the escape is seen to provide the literal alibi which makes any profound preoccupation with the world irrelevant.
Carlyle and the Climate of Hero-Worship
Authors: Donovan Robert
Published: March 2013

On six afternoons in May 1840 the fashionable and literary world of London descended on No. 17 Edward Street, Portman Square, to hear Thomas Carlyle deliver a series of lectures 'On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in Human History' (so the relentlessly aspirated title of the Times notices; the word 'Human' was dropped in the published title). Lady Byron, that eminent bluestocking who, in the words of her late husband, 'looked a lecture,' came and took notes. Mill and Macready came, and the author of Sordello, not to mention Edward Fitzgerald, Mrs Gaskell, Frederick Denison Maurice, and such notable dignitaries as Dr Whewell and Samuel Wilberforce. Except possibly for Mill, who protested aloud Carlyle's preference for Mahomet's teaching over 'Benthamee Utility,' the audience was enchanted. Macready, perhaps judging the performance by theatrical standards, professed himself 'charmed, carried away.' Nearly forty years afterward Fitzgerald retained a vivid memory of Carlyle weaving his spell: 'He looked very handsome then, with his black hair, fine Eyes, and a sort of crucified Expression.'
The Silent Poet: An Aspect of Wordsworth's Semantic Theory
Authors: Land Stephen
Published: March 2013

A general drift in semantic theory through the eighteenth century from representational to organic models has long been recognized, but the way in which Wordsworth's important statements on diction and expression relate to this tradition remains to be defined. There is initially some reason to suppose that he shared with Coleridge the general view that the words in any (poetic) utterance are (or should be) integrally related to the state of mind that gives them birth, but a closer look at Wordsworth's theoretical statements and poetic practices will bring this supposition into question.
Theatre
Authors: Mailhot Laurent
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian books on theatre published in 1972.
Poetry
Authors: Hornyansky Michael
Published: March 2013

Reviews of poetry published in Canada in 1972.
Les Études Sociales
Authors: Bonenfant Jean-Charles
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on French-Canadian social studies published in Canada in 1972.
Publications in Other Languages
Authors: Andrusyshen
Published: March 2013

Reviews of publications in other languages published in Canada in 1972.
The Revaluation of 'Christian' Art: Ruskin's Appreciation of Fra Angelico 1845–60
Authors: Dellamora Richard
Published: March 2013

In Modern Painters and over a period of fourteen years, John Ruskin embraced, propagated, analysed, criticized, and finally repudiated the 'Christian' aesthetic in art. In terms of the dialectic of 'Christian' and 'Pagan' or classical art in Romantic and early Victorian aesthetics, Ruskin's changing presentation to his readers of the art of Fra Angelico deserves particular study. Fra Angelico, the pious monk and painter of Vasari's Lives, was for Ruskin and his readers the type of the 'Christian' artist.
The Ongoing Testament in Browning's 'Saul'
Authors: Bieman Elizabeth
Published: March 2013

Browning's 'Saul' has not lacked a measure of critical attention in recent years, although to an admirer of the poem the measure is surprisingly slight – a number of book-length treatments of the Browning canon give it only passing mention. Two sympathetic and extended discussions of the poem are found in books published in the past few years, each directing attention to the poem for critical purposes which lie outside its confines, yet each illuminating 'Saul' in certain respects. Thomas J. Collins finds in its two-stage composition 'the conscious working out of the moral aesthetic theories explored by Browning in Christmas-Eve and EasterDay and the Essay on Shelley.' W. David Shaw, approaching it with attention to rhetoric, develops a sharp awareness of the process through which Browning involves his reader in the stuff of the poem. 'Saul' fares less well in the judgment of Roma A. King, Jr, whose strictures of 1957 – set forth in a full chapter treatment still readily accessible in reprint – are not significantly modified in a more recent book.
Reviews
Authors: Keith  , Kirkham Michael , Blissett William
Published: March 2013

Raymond Williams, The Country and City, reviewed by W.J. Keith

Donald Davie, 'Thomas Hardy Special Issue,' Agenda, reviewed by Michael Kirkham

Thomas Hardy and British Poetry, reviewed by Michael Kirkham

Clifford Leech and J.M.R. Margeson, ed., Shakespeare 1971: Proceedings of the World Shakespeare Congress, Vancouver, August, 1971, reviewed by William Blissett
Reviews
Authors: Hamlin Cyrus , Conacher  , Rowland Beryl
Published: March 2013

Hans Eichner, ed., 'Romanitc' and Its Cognates: The European History of a Word, reviewed by Cyrus Hamlin

R.G. Collins, ed., From an Ancient to a Modern Theatre, reviewed by D.J. Conacher

Sheila Delany, Chaucer's House of Fame: The Poetics of Skeptical Fideism, reviewed by Beryl Rowland
Conrad's Personal Record
Authors: Kertzer
Published: March 2013

A Personal Record has served as a source of apt quotations and eloquent statements of Conradian faith. As a work in its own right, and especially as autobiography, it has been appoached more warily because of its factual inaccuracy and because of its characteristic tone of ironic reserve. Despite its title, the book is not profoundly personal and none too accurate a record. Conrad is always tactful, defensive in his self-portraiture. In Richard Curle's copy of the book, he inscribed the words: 'He who has read to the end knows all that is worth knowing of me.' Yet even here, he conceals himself behind the formal statement.
The Tragedy of All for Love
Authors: Tracy Clarence
Published: March 2013

Dryden never made any specific statement of his intentions in writing All for Love except for a remark at the beginning of his 'Preface' to the effect that what had attracted him to the story of Antony and Cleopatra was the 'excellency of the moral. For,' he explained, 'the chief persons represented were famous patterns of unlawful love, and their end accordingly was unfortunate.' The notion that literature must give moral instruction as well as pleasure is at least as old as Horace and turns up in most Renaissance criticism. Nine years before, in the Essay of Dramatic Poesy, Dryden had included a clause in his working definition of a play in which it was declared that plays are written 'for the delight and instruction of mankind.' But he seems to have mentioned instruction rather as a matter of course, because, though there is much in the essay about 'delight,' there is remarkably little in it about 'instruction.' Similarly, in All for Love, his performance scarcely supports his statement; though his lovers suffer death, nothing in the action of the play connects their tragic fates with their extra-marital love affair. In fact, the tone of the last act is one of triumph rather than of shame and defeat: the lovers have escaped from the traps set for them by their enemies and are eternally reunited in death. The last speech in the play, put into the mouth of Serapion the high priest, describes them sitting together in state and pronounces their epitaph: 'No lovers lived so great, or died so well.' Indeed, was not their world 'well lost?' There may be a moral lesson in that, but not the lesson that Dryden spelled out.
Writers at War: Propaganda and Fiction in the Great War
Authors: Buitenhuis Peter
Published: March 2013

On the afternoon of 2 September 1914 the yellow sun poured through the windows onto the great blue conference table of Wellington House in Buckingham Gate, London. Around the table sat William Archer, Sir James M. Barrie, Arnold Bennett, A.C. Benson, R.H. Benson, Robert Bridges, Hall Caine, G.K. Chesterton, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, John Galsworthy, Thomas Hardy, Anthony Hope Hawkins, Maurice Hewlett, W.J. Locke, E.V. Lucas, J.W. Mackail, John Masefield, A.E.W. Mason, Gilbert Murray, Sir Henry Newbolt, Sir Gilbert Parker, Sir Owen Seaman, George Trevelyan, H.G. Wells, Israel Zangwill, and assorted government officials. Rudyard Kipling and Sir Arthur Quiller Couch had been invited but were unable to come. Even without them this was probably the most important gathering of creative and academic writers ever assembled for an official purpose in the history of English letters.
'He did not Sit Five Minutes': The Conversion of Gigadibs
Authors: Laird Robert
Published: March 2013

Ever since its first publication in Men and Women in 1855, 'Bishop Blougram's Apology' has been recognized as one of Browning's most intricate and ambitious shorter poems. Because of the extreme subtlety of the poem, however, critics have spent their time discussing its philosophical and rhetorical difficulties, and this emphasis has meant that many basic questions about the poem still remain unanswered. To this day no fully satisfactory solutions to the following four problems have been offered: is there a historical model for Gigadibs; when was the poem written; where is the poem set and what is the importance of this setting; and why did Browning write the poem when he did. By presenting in this paper substantial new information in an attempt to answer these problems, I hope to correct some generally accepted misinterpretations of the poem.
Nature
Authors: Saunders Richard
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on nature published in Canada in 1975.
Publications in Others Languages
Authors: Andrusyshen
Published: March 2013

Reviews of publications in other languages published in Canada in 1975.
Twilight at Bayreuth
Authors: Gustafson Ralph
Published: March 2013

This is an account of failure at Bayreuth, the town in West Germany which is the stronghold of Richard Wagner's music and of Wagnerian tradition, now celebrating the hundredth year of the opening of its festival theatre by Wagner himself. In 1876 the Festspielhaus was launched with panoply and princes and the musically great -List t, Tchaikovsky, Saint-Saens, Gou(lod -and there on the little green hill was heard the first complete performance of Der Ring des Nibelungen, that sequence of four music dramas known for short as the Ring, and this season pretty well brought to ruin. Wolfgang Wagner, the grandson of the composer, is currently in charge.
The Lovers' Glass: Nature's Discourse on Optics and the Optical Design of the Romance of the Rose
Authors: Eberle Patricia
Published: March 2013

Nature's discourse on optics has long been regarded as the most notorious digression in a poem noted for its digressive tendencies. Jean de Meun's continuation of the Romance of the Rose does not simply continue the story of the Lover's questfor the Rose as begun by Guillaume de Lorris. A continuation based on Guillaume's narrative plan bringing the story to its natural conclusion could be briefly and simply composed, as was one anonymous seventy-eight line conclusion to the Romance. However, in Jean's poem, after more than seventeen thousand lines, the Lover is still where Guillaume left him, outside the castle of Jealousy, languishing in despair of ever attaining the Rose. Once Venus launches her firebrand at the castle, the action goes forward very quickly, but until that point Jean's poem can hardly be said to continue the action of the story at all. Talk replaces action. A number of allegorical figures interrupt the story for thousands of lines at a time while they offer discourses that are supposed to provide the Lover with counsel on the art of love. Although the Lover is seeking an art of love that will reveal the 'shortest path' ('le plus brief chemin: 10,032) to the Rose, the discourses in the second part of the Romance are 'digressions' in the etymological sense of the word: they divert the Lover from the direct pursuit of his chosen path and they use love as a point of departure for a series of excurses on a bewildering variety of other topics.
Early Remembrances: Pastoral in the Fictional World of John Galt
Authors: Costain Keith
Published: March 2013

John Galt is an important if not entirely 'classic' novelist of the early nineteenth century. His importance lies in the quality of his best work and in its originality: he often indicates directions that later novelists were to take. He was, for example, the first novelist of note to have made the Industrial Revolution, its causes and consequences, the principal subject of his most accomplished work. His awareness of the magnitude of this unprecedented economic and social transformation is manifested in all his fictions dealing with contemporary life. But he recognized early in his career as a novelist that no single fiction would be adequate to examine the significance of such a fundamental change. For this reason he recreated his age in a fictional 'world' gradually revealed, novel by novel, in the serial manner of such later writers as Hardy, Trollope, Faulkner, C.P. Snow, Anthony Powell, and Richard Hughes. Each work in the series is deliberately linked with the others by a web of crossreferences, and each broadens the scope and deepens the significance of the whole.
Drama
Authors: Leggatt Alexander
Published: March 2013

Reviews of drama published in Canada in 1977.
Religion
Authors: Oxtoby Willard
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on religion published in Canada in 1977.
The Revenger's Tragedy and the Fallacy of the Excluded Middle
Authors: Huebert Ronald
Published: March 2013

In order to define the central metaphor of The Revenger's Tragedy I have borrowed – rather shamelessly – a suggestive quotation from Shakespeare and an elementary notion of Aristotelian logic. The Shakespearean lines are spoken by Apemantus, the cynical baiter of humanity in Timon of Athens. He finds Timon alone in the woods, cursing mankind, digging up earth and feeding on roots. The harshness of this environment is a grotesque result of the silken luxury which Timon took for granted in his days of prosperity. Timon has never known the fullness of human life, Apemantus observes, because his experience is limited by the constrasting poles of an either-or dilemma: like his more famous prototype, Timon has known only the treacherous world of 'robes and furred gowns' and the savage world of 'unaccommodated man.'
Emerson's 'Apparition of God' and Frost's 'Apparition of the Mind'
Authors: Abel Darrel
Published: March 2013

In 'Nature' Emerson wrote: 'the noblest ministry of nature is to stand as the apparition of God.' When he said that 'man lies in the lap of immense intelligence,' 'sits at home with the cause,' he meant that man sits in the midst of God's things and can learn the secret of God's truth. Emerson put aside the stale scriptures of bygone revelations because he preferred present ones: 'God speaks, not spake: He remarked in 'Self-Reliance' that 'all persons have their moments of reason, when they look out into the region of absolute truth.'
The Writing of the Seen World: David Jones's In Parenthesis
Authors: Cooper John
Published: March 2013

Visual description is an old and honoured part of narrative and poetic technique on which critics in our time rarely linger. Perhaps this is so because it is taken for granted that all great writers share in common the art of catching in words the 'look' of a place, the decor of a gesture, or the swift sketch that opens a face. Among the many felicities of a well-wrought tale none is more magical, even if, from the perspective of a total aesthetic response, a little modest, than the pleasure of 'seeing' a vivid picture emerge in the mind's eye. Thankless is the task of trying to rank writers by this particular aspect of their talent; yet just as all writers have their individual tones, characteristic verbal rhythms, and unique perceptual and cognitive processes, so too we can discern the particular ways in which they shape visual material.
Poetry
Authors: Hornyansky Michael
Published: March 2013

Reviews of poetry published in Canada in 1978.
Humanities
Authors: Paul  , Johnston George , Frank Roberta
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on the humanities published in Canada in 1978.
Meaning and Morality in Some Renaissance Revenge Plays
Authors: Hillman Richard
Published: March 2013

Discussions of the revenge convention in English Renaissance drama have tended to emphasize ethical questions on the one hand, matters of structure and technique on the other. The psychological aspect of revenge has received relatively little attention. Revenge is generally understood as a straightforward response to injury, an attempt to alleviate pain by retaliating and, in most cases, righting a perceived wrong – 'wild justice: in Bacon's phrase. This injury need not be direct: it may involve a loved one or honour; it may even be imaginary. But it is commonly taken to constitute the revenger's sole motivation, although an inherently villainous disposition must often be relied upon to take up the slack.
Letters from Eden: Grove's Creative Rebirth
Authors: Makow Henry
Published: March 2013

A fascinating picture of Frederick Philip Grove's beginnings as a novelist in Canada has emerged in a recently discovered series of five letters to his wife. They were found in Mrs Grove's personal copies of her husband's books too late for Desmond Pacey's edition of Grove's letters published in 1976. The new letters not only help to bridge a large gap in Grove's correspondence, extending from his marriage in 1914 until 1923, but illuminate the critical period in the autumn of 1919, in Eden, Manitoba, when Grove began writing in Canada. Everything Grove did was dramatic and his recovery of creative power is no exception. After an interlude of ten years he was overcome by an inspiration so exhilarating and fruitful that he renounced his teaching career and henceforth devoted his life to literature. He wrote Over Prairie Trails in just seven weeks and began a new career which spanned three decades and established him as one of Canada's most profound and original novelists.
The Liturgy of Parsifal
Authors: Blissett William
Published: March 2013

In 1876 Richard Wagner conquered the world. A small hyperactive man, a political exile for many years from his native Saxony, plagued by domestic troubles and hopeless debts, he had been rescued at the nadir of his fortunes by the young king of Bavaria and put on the road that led to his producing, in his own specially designed theatre, his own immense poetic drama, The Ring of the Nibelung, set to his own music, before an audience drawn from the whole of Europe and the civilized world, induding the German emperor prodaimed six years before at Versailles and now taking precedence over all other potentates at the festival of the triumph of German art. Few artists have ever so boldly stamped their name on the pages of world history.