bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Approach to Detect Driver Distraction during Mobile Phone Usage
Authors: Sawhney Medha , Acharya Vasundhara , Prakasha Krishna
Published: July 2024

A distracted driver is an invitation to a fatal vehicle accident. People lose their lives every day due to distracted driving and using mobile phones while driving is one of the primary reasons behind road accidents. Hence, detection of mobile phone usage to alert the driver or for an autonomous system to take over becomes extremely important. In an attempt to solve this issue of distracted driving, the authors proposed a Convolution Neural Network (CNN)Â  based model to detect mobile phone usage by the driver. The proposed work presents not only a practical solution to the problem but also a comparison between traditional approaches (Support Vector Machine with HOG) and a CNN based model. The traditional methods are both implemented and tested by the authors. The presented model performs input segmentation to achieve an efficient accuracy of 97%. Deep learning was found to be the best solution to detect driver distraction while on a call accuratelyÂ Â Â
A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models for Prediction of Wave Heights in Large Waterbodies
Authors: Sinha Priyanka , Vincent Shweta , Prakash Kumar Om
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a study of the various machine learning algorithms viz. Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Support Vector Regression and Extreme Machine Learning for the prediction of wave heights using data obtained from ocean buoys. The data from the ocean buoy number 62081 off the coast of Ireland in Europe has been chosen for study. It is found that the parameter of wind speed affects wave heights the most in comparison to other parameters. It is also observed that Extreme Learning Machine outperforms Support Vector Regression when classifying the data points as high tide or low tide. The MSE and CC parameters prove the suitability of Extreme Machine Learning over all the other algorithms discussed in this paper for the accurate prediction of wave heights.Â Â Â
Does Freedom Matter for Growth? Analysing Patterns of Association with Cross Country data using Causality and Classification Techniques
Authors: M Arvind , P Sarika , M G Deepika , G Sangeetha
Published: July 2024

Why have some countries experienced high growth and why are some lagging behind has always been a matter of debate in economic literature. The traditional theories of growth have looked at many factors including labour, capital and technology which were at the centre of analysis of growth models. There was yet another line of reasoning which debated on how economic freedom could be an influencing factor on economic growth. Given the access to the latest data on economic freedom and its components from Heritage Foundation, we attempt to establish the nature of empirical relationship between economic freedom and growth.We run the Ordinary Least square multiple regression model to test the causal relationship between freedom and growth and use cluster analysis, a classification tool to test for association with the chosen variables. Results of the regression model did not reveal a strong causal relationship between freedom and growth. However, cluster analysis shows strong association of GDP percapita with that of economic freedom and its components highlighting that economic freedom could be an important factor influencing growth and prosperity of nations in the long run but may not be sufficiently influencing in the short run.Â
The Effect of Different Concentration of 2-Methyl-4-Chlorophenoxy Acetate Acid on Graphite Oxide Intercalation Nanohybrid
Authors: I. Hasanuddin N. , N. Dzulkifli N. , A. I. S. M. Ghazali S.
Published: July 2024

In this study, the effect of different concentration of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetate acid (MCPA) was investigated to synthesis the successful intercalated herbicide nanohybrid by using graphite oxide (GO) as a nanocarrier. Through this experiment, a well-organized nanohybrid was obtained at the concentration of 0.3 M of MCPA. 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetate acid- graphite oxide (MCGO) nanohybrid was characterized by using FTIR, PXRD and CHNS. From the results obtained, the expansion of d-spacing of MCGO nanohybrid has indicated the presence of MCPA in the GO interlayer with the loading percentage around 98 %. Besides, FTIR spectra of the nanohybrid shown a resemblance peaks of the MCPA and GO that could confirm the formation of nanohybrid. Furthermore, the controlled release of MCPA into sodium carbonate solution (Na2CO3) was found to be reliant on concentration of Na2CO3 solution.Â Â Â
Characterization and Anti-Corrosion Study on Different Substituents of Ni(Ii) Dithiocarbamate Complexes
Authors: R. Mohd Zambri S. , S. Habdul Latif N. , N. Mohd Zulkamal Punnia N. , A. I. Sheikh Mohd Ghazali S. , N. Dzulkifli N.
Published: July 2024

Dithiocarbamate is a ligand that can act as a corrosion inhibitor due to the presence of sulphur and nitrogen atoms. Ni(II) N-methylcyclohexyl dithiocarbamate, Ni[MeCycHexdtc]2 and Ni(II) N-ethylcyclohexyldithiocarbamate, Ni[EtCycHexdtc]2 complexes were synthesized through direct synthetic method at room temperature and characterized using the Elemental Analyzer (CHNS), Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), molar conductivity, and gravimetric analysis. The Ni[MeCycHexdtc]2 complex had indicated a square planar geometry, but it was not the case for the Ni[EtCycHexdtc]2 complex which showed a tetrahedral geometry. The efficiency of the synthesized inhibitors was studied in different concentrations; 0.001 M, 0.01 M, and 0.1 M (1 M HCl and 1 M H2SO4) at room temperature.Â Â
Implementation of New Workflow Layout for Capstone Design Project
Authors: Hanna Masâ€™aud Nurul , Ghazali Hanipah , Ridzuan Mohamed Rashid Mohamad , . .
Published: July 2024

In completing a capstone design project, students were allowed to use all facilities in a mechanical workshop (including machining area, assembly area, and welding area). However, the main problem was they had a very limited space and time to do their work due to the poor arrangement of raw material, machines, and tools. Therefore, this study was conducted to create a systematic process workflow layout. After implementing the new improvement of process workflow layout, a time study analysis and a satisfactory survey were conducted. The study found that total average transportation time could be reduced from 313sec to 102sec with 67.14% of reduction. As for satisfactory survey, it was found that most of the users were satisfied with the new process workflow layout; 7.41% of the users found it very convenient, 75.93% convenient and 18.52% moderately convenient.Â Â
Market Basket Analysis of Customer Buying Patterns at Corm CafÃ©
Authors: Isa N. , A.Kamaruzzaman N. , A. Ramlan M. , Mohamed N. , Puteh M.
Published: July 2024

Market Basket Analysis (MBA) is a technique in data mining used to seek the co-occurrence set of items in a large dataset or database. It is usually used in mining transactions or basket data, especially in retail. This technique has been proven beneficial in understanding customer buying patterns and preferences. It has been widely used in multinational companies. Current business trends have changed dramatically, parallel with the advancement of technology. Changes in customer demand requires an improvement in accuracy of business operations. This paper proposes the implementation of MBA at a Small Medium Enterprise business, a case study at Corm CafÃ©. Daily transaction data taken from customer order sheets has been used. A detailed implementation is demonstrated in the paper. The results identify a trend in customer buying patterns, which is useful information for the owner in planning their business operation.Â Â
Mechanism and Kinetics Study in Homogenous Epoxidation of Vegetable Oil
Authors: Jalil MJ , Yamin AFM. , Azmi IS , Jamaludin SK. , Daud ARM.
Published: July 2024

Epoxide is an important chemical precursor for the production of alcohols, glycols and polymers like polyesters and epoxy resin. Commercial epoxides available in the market are mainly petroleum and animal based which are non-environmental friendly. The epoxidation of oleic acid was carried out by using in situ generated performic acid (HCOOOH) to produce epoxidized oleic acid. Performic acid was formed by mixing formic acid (as oxygen carrier) and hydrogen peroxide (as oxygen donor). Â The rate constant for epoxidation of oleic acid was found to be in the order of 4.203 x 10-5 mol-1 s-1 and activation energy is 7.58 kcal.mol-1. In addition, thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy, entropy and free energy of activation of 6.83 kcal.mol-1, -57.36 cal.mol-1 K-1 and 22.96 kcal.mol-1 respectively.Â
Preparation and Characterization of Citric Acid Modified Cellulose in Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage
Authors: Ambong Khalid Sopiah , Fauziah Syed Draman1 Sarifah , Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah Siti , Anuar Nornizar , . .
Published: July 2024

Limited application of pure cellulose has brought in modification to cellulose produce substances that are of renewable origin, biodegradable but have significant enhancement of their adsorption capabilities.Â  In this study, cellulose was modified with citric acid and its structure was analyzed by using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Optical Microscope. FTIR results shows that there is two main important band existed in Citric Acid Modified Cellulose (CAMC) which are hydroxyl (â€“OH) band at 3345 cm-1 and carboxyl (CO) band at 1725 cm-1, while TGA study shows that the mass loss attributed by the decomposition of CAMC occur at 300ÂºC. Crystallinity and open pore structure in the microstructure of CAMC suggesting the suitability of using this CAMC in the remediation of acid mine drainage.Â Â
Development of E-Procurement System to Reduce the Non-Compliant Work Behavior in Purchasing
Authors: Munira Hanis Mokter Nur , Nurul Hayatie Ishak Siti , Razali Suriyati
Published: July 2024

E-procurement has been widely used as a tool to manage purchase and sale of goods or services between the company and the suppliers among multinational companies and government sectors. But, there are many small and medium enterprise companies still uses traditional procurement method to manage their suppliers. Maverick buying issues had been a major concern among business and the solutions for it still not clear. Therefore, the aim of this project is to identify the current process and system requirements in the procurement activities and to design and develop an e-procurement system to reduce the maverick buying. This system has been developed in accordance to rapid application development (RAD) methodology which consists of four phases which are requirements planning, user design, construction and cutover. The functionality and usability testing were then conducted with three (3) experts and thirty (30) respondents to evaluate the system based on the interface design, usability, efficiency, ease of use, user experience and satisfaction. As a result, the construct with the highest mean, 4.5 (SD = 0.57) whereby the user is satisfied with the interface of the system. To sum up, this system simplifies the traditional procurement process especially on the acquisition of suppliers and help in reducing maverick buying in terms of purchasing power.Â Â
Effect of Gluelines for Mengkulang Glulam Dowel-Bearing Strength
Authors: Jihan Abd Malek Nor , Abdulrahman Mohammed Ali Ali , Zukri Wan Abdullah Wan , Ibrahim Azmi , Hassan Rohana
Published: July 2024

Malaysia is one of the tropical countries around the world which is the pioneer in timber harvesting. Mengkulang is known for its strength and durability. In timber construction, connection is the most important part. The strength of timber has huge impact of the connection strength and the whole structure. Furthermore, timber strength connections also depend on the factor affecting which is bolt diameters and end distances. The objectives of this research are to determine the dowel-bearing strength for 12mm, 16mm and 20mm bolt diameter thus to compare the dowel-bearing strength between glue line and without glue line. The dowel-bearing strength test was tested on Mengkulang timber species for different dowel diameters which are 12mm, 16mm and 20mm for with and without glue line parallel to the grain using half-hole test. The dowel-bearing strength, Fy values of 5% diameter offset-load, F5% are obtained from load versus displacement graph using ASTM D5764-97a. The dowel-bearing strength, Fy for 20mm diameter with glue line showed 14.71 N/mm2 higher than 16mm diameter and 12mm diameter with 14.44 N/mm2 and 11.63 N/mm2 accordingly. While, the dowel-bearing strength, Fy for 20mm diameter without glue line showed 15.64 N/mm2 higher than 16mm diameter and 12mm diameter with 14.71 N/mm2 and 14.44 N/mm2 respectively. In conclusion, the bigger diameter the higher dowel-bearing strength and the dowel-bearing strength for without glue line showed higher than dowel-bearing strength with glue line.Â Â
Bacteriophages as Biocontrol Agent in Food Safety
Authors: Yarn Wai Ga , Yew Huat Tang John , Radu Son
Published: July 2024

Food contamination with pathogens has been continual and significant problem worldwide. These pathogens causes foodborne diseases that lead to deleterious effect to the health of consumer and the financial losses to food manufacturer. The emergence of foodborne pathogen isÂ  further complicated with the infection from multiple antibiotic resistance food pathogens and the formation of biofilm on food processing equipment as well as utensils that cause the process of decontamination become more challenging. Bacteriophage is recognized for its effectiveness as biocontrol against food pathogen and relatively harmless to man. Bacteriophage can be applied at any point of the food chain such as phage therapy of livestock, biosanitizer (disinfectant) in the food processing environment, and biocontrol (additives) of food products. Bacteriophage is an obligate parasite of bacterial and due to its host specificity and binding capability, bacteriophage appear as a more advantageous decontamination agent compared to other chemical intervention which might introduce chemical hazard. Various studies have shown the effectiveness of bacteriophage in combating food-borne pathogens and insignificant risk of development bacteriophage resistant bacteria. However the efficacy of the bacteriophages varies depending on the source of isolation, the type of food, surface materials and food matrixes. Thus, it is noteworthy to get the insight of current microbiological hazard in food and the potential use of bacteriophages as biocontrol agent.Â Â
Assessment of Seasonal and Spatial Surface Marine Water Quality Variation in Semerak River Estuary, Malaysia
Authors: Saiful Samsudin Mohd , Azid Azman , Iskandar Khalit Saiful , Milleana Shaharudin Shazlyn , Lananan Fathurrahman
Published: July 2024

Mangrove estuary is a part of the mangrove ecosystem which plays an important role for the whole ecosystem. Purposely, this study is to assess the spatial and seasonal variation of surface marine water quality in Semerak River estuary. Dissolved oxygen (DO), unionized ammonia (NH3N), total suspended solid (TSS), nitrate (NO3), oil and grease (O&G), phosphate (PO4), faecal coliform (FC), pH, salinity and conductivity are the measured parameters using in-situ and ex-situ technique. Surface marine water samples collected in two monsoon -Southwest Monsoon (July 2016 to September 2016) and Northeast Monsoon (November 2016 to January 2017). The analytical and statistical results indicate that the surface water of the Semerak River estuary that the possible pollution sources coming from major agriculture, fertilizers, fishing boat and sand mining, natural environment from weathering of geologic sources, surface runoff and oil-spill from fishing boat. Marine water samples of future monitoring studies in mangrove estuary will benefit by enabling understanding of pollution loading and coastal water quality. It is essential to plan a workable water quality modelling as powerful tool to simulate marine water quality and forecast future consequences to facilitate mangrove biodiversity conservation. The chemical composition of surface marine water in both season is strongly influenced by anthropogenic inputs.Â Â Â
Physicochemical Characteristics and Sensory Evaluation of Mixed-Fruit Leather
Authors: Ho Lee-Hoon , Suhaiba Shafii Nur , Shahidan Norshazila
Published: July 2024

The objective of the present study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and sensory acceptance of mixed-fruit leather prepared from bananas, pineapples, and watermelons. Four different compositions of mixed-fruits (Control = 33 g banana + 33 g pineapple + 33 g watermelon; 50B = 50 g banana + 25 g pineapple + 25 g watermelon; 50P = 50 g pineapple + 25 g banana + 25 g watermelon; 50W = 50 g watermelon + 25 g banana + 25 g pineapple) were produced. The results from the proximate analysis showed that mixed-fruit leather 50B contained higher moisture, crude protein, and crude fat compared to other samples. The highest carbohydrate content was recorded in sample 50P. Water activity of all mixed-fruits leathers were lower than 0.5. The lowest pH (4.01) and the highest total titratable acidity (0.14) were recorded in sample 50P. A 50P mixed-fruit leather possessed the highest L* and b* values whereas 50W had the highest a* value. The textural properties of all samples were not significantly different. All mixed-fruit leathers were accepted by the panellist. The results obtained from the present study showed that mixed-fruit leather has the potential to be produced as a healthy snack.Â
The Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Aeromonas Hydrophila Infection of Marketed Catfish in Besut, Terengganu
Authors: Nabilah Binti Meor Aziz Fatin , Afiza Badaluddin Noor , Binti Ismail Norshida
Published: July 2024

The commercial catfish covers about 37% of value of production in aquaculture sectors in Malaysia. Aeromonas hydrophila is the most common bacterial infection that occurred in catfish culture, mainly due to poor environment and water quality. The occurrence of bacterial disease affect the economical production of farm and may contribute to the excessive usage of antibiotics which can lead to antibiotic resistance problem. This recent study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of A. hydrophila infection in commercial hybrid catfish, (Clarias gariepinus Ã— C. batracus) from several wet markets in Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 28 catfish were collected randomly from different wet markets in Besut area. The organs such as heart, liver and spleen were taken out and inoculated on Blood Agar with ampicillin. The suspected colonies were subculture for at least three times to get pure colonies. For the identification of A.hydrophilla, the pure colonies were analysed using Gramâ€™s staining technique and five biochemical tests namely; Catalase, Oxidase, Methyl Red, Voges Proskauer and Triple Sugar Iron Test. For antimicrobial susceptibility test, the disc diffusion method was conducted by using four types of antibiotic discs, vancomycin, cephazolin, meropenem and colistin sulphate. The prevalence of A. hydrophila infection in this study were 18% (n=5).Â  For disc diffusion method, resistance index for all isolates were ranged from 0.25 to 0.50. Therefore, proper management in fish farming area and routine monitoring of drug susceptibility patterns overtime is necessary.Â
Effects of Different Harvesting Ages on Chemical Composition of Five Napier Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Varieties
Authors: Aini Kamaruddin Nurul , Nadira Zulkifli Aiza , Ahmad Normala , Zakaria Jamil
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study is to determine the effects of the different harvesting ages (45 days, 60 days and 75 days) on the chemical composition of five Napier grass varieties. This research was conducted at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) Farm in Pasir Akar, Besut, Terengganu. The proximate analysis was used to analyze the chemical compositions of moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude protein and fat, while the mineral compositions of magnesium, potassium, aluminium, phosphorus, and calcium were analyzed and measured using the dry ashing method and Induced Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The findings of this study showed that most chemical compositions of five Napier varieties were decreased (p < 0.05) as harvesting age increased. The proximate compositions of all varieties show significantly decreased (p < 0.05) as age increased which is the moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude protein, and fat were decreased at age 75 days. Among the five varieties, Dwarf Napier shows the highest of crude protein (25.51%) followed by India Napier (22.44%), Uganda Napier (18.45%), Red Napier (18.26%) and Zanzibar Napier (16.78%), respectively. The mineral compositions of potassium and phosphorus of five varieties were decreased as age harvesting increased. Thus, this study showed that the harvesting ages affect to the chemical composition of the Napier grass and day 45 is the optimum age for harvesting which is providing high nutritive value of animal feed.Â Â Â
Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide and Methyl Eugenol on Fruit Growth, Yield and Fruit Fly Infestation of Syzygium Samarangense
Authors: Moneruzzaman Khandaker Mohammad , Zuriani Ismail Siti , Hafiza Nurul , Mat Nashriyah , Ngah Norhayati
Published: July 2024

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and methyl eugenol (ME) on fruit growth, yield and fruit fly infestation of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense var Jambu madu). The selected experimental tree branches were either left untreated or sprayed with 20 mM H2O2, 20 mM H2O2 plus ME or ME alone under field condition. The results showed that combine treatment of H2O2 and ME increased the net photosynthetic rate, CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration of wax apple leaves. In addition, fruit weight, fruit firmness and TSS content of wax apple fruits significantly improved with H2O2 and ME treatment. The application of Methyl eugenol alone or combined with H2O2 reduced the number of fruit fly in wax apple fruits. There was positive correlation between fruit fly infestation and fruit size and between fruit fly infestation and fruit sweetness (TSS content) in H2O2 and Methyl eugenol treated fruits. Besides, we recorded negative correlation between the fruit fly infestation and firmness of treated wax apple fruits. It was concluded that application of hydrogen peroxide and methyl eugenol stimulated fruit growth and reduced the fruit fly infestation on wax apple under field condition.Â Â
Proximate and Mineral Composition of Anabas Testudineus (Climbing Perch) in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Syakirah Hanim Mohd-Khairi Nor , Arizal Muslimatun , Hou Chew Ha , Siew Ing Nguang , Seng Chee Poh , Ikhwanuddin Mhd , Fay Komilus Connie
Published: July 2024

Anabas testudineus (Climbing Perch) is commonly eaten by Malaysians due to its tender flesh and tasty flavor. Usually, it is either freshly cooked or made into various dish including fermented fish called pekasam. This study was done to determine proximate composition, macromineral composition and micromineral composition in climbing perch from 3 states in Peninsular Malaysia. Fish with average body weight 73.18 g and total body length 15.93 m were sampled randomly from fish markets in Terengganu, Selangor and Perak. Proximate composition analysis was carried out using the AOAC method to assess the percentage (%) of protein, fat, moisture and ash. In addition, mineral composition analysis was conducted by using ICP-OES to study the concentration of Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Cr in mg / kg in fish. Results from the analysis have been compared and analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The study found moisture content was the highest in Selangor (76.56 Â± 0.44) % while ash and protein were higher in Perak`s fish (26.98 Â± 0.21) % and (43.19 Â± 0.81) % respectively. Terengganu`s fish contained the highest fat content at 17.19 Â± 1.54 %. Perak`s fish demonstrated the highest macromineral content (Ca, P and Mg) which were 84336.87 Â± 1525.41 mg/kg, 46843.90 Â± 172.13 mg/kg and 1203.96 Â± 10.45 mg/kg respectively. Perak`s fish also showed the highest content of micromineral (Fe and Cu) at (31.31 Â± 0.09) mg/kg and (1.52 Â± 0.00) mg/kg while Selangor`s fish showed the highest content of Zn and Mn (32.61 Â± 0.64) mg/kg and (28.05 Â± 0.57) mg/kg. In conclusion, climbing perch caught from Perak and Selangor might be good sources of macromineral and micromineral for human consumption.Â Â
Proximate and Mineral Compositions of Rice Field Eel Monopterus Albus
Authors: Arizal Muslimatun , Syakirah Hanim Mohd-Khairi Nor , Chew Ha Hou , Ing Nguang Siew , Ikhwanuddin Mhd , Chee Poh Seng , Fay Komilus Connie
Published: July 2024

Rice field eel (Monopterus albus) is an air breather freshwater fish that can be found extensively in paddy field area in Malaysia. It has high economic value all over Asia and used as folk remedies for various diseases. Mineral compositions play a vital role in various metabolisms though it's required in a minute amount in the human body. Proximate compositions and selected minerals compositions were determined in Monopterus albus. The study found that Monopterus albus was high in protein content (50.07%-74.31%) and low in lipid (2.26%-2.66%), which suggests this fish species suitable to be consumed by various human conditions. The amplest macroelement was Calcium with a concentration of 29127.00 mg/Kg - 50468.50 mg/Kg, followed by Phosphorus and Magnesium, 21290.00 mg/Kg - 32975.50 mg/Kg and 1264.50 mg/Kg - 1638.50 mg/Kg respectively. Zinc was the dominant microelement found in Monopterus albus with a concentration ofÂ  44.17Â±1.20 mg/Kg followed by Iron, Manganese, Copper, and Chromium with concentration range of 32.60 mg/Kg - 38.6 mg/Kg, 3.40 mg/Kg â€“ 22.65 mg/Kg, 0.97 mg/Kg - 1.07 mg/Kg and 0.59 mg/Kg - 0.78 mg/Kg respectively.Â  The results of this study will be further used to promote fish-based medication and remedies benefit to human.Â Â
Detection, Isolation and Antimicrobial Testing of Listeria monocytogenes in Chicken from Supermarket
Authors: Yew Huat Tang John , Amirah Ismail Aisyah , Afiza Badaluddin Noor
Published: July 2024

Listeria monocytogenes play a vital role in causing an infrequent and sometimes deadly foodborne disease known as Listeriosis. In this study, the presence of L. monocytogenes in chicken at supermarket and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the pathogen were determined. Detection of L. monocytogenes in chickens from supermarket was carried out using real time PCR and isolation of L. monocytogenes by plating onto PALCAM agar. The L. monocytogenes isolates were tested against 14 antibiotics for resistance determination using disc diffusion method. From 56 chicken samples tested, 35.7 % of the samples were detected contained the pathogen using real time PCR. Only 15 samples Â (26.8%) were positive for L. monocytogenes isolates. The isolates showed high resistance towards Penicillin G (100%), Ampicillin (93%), Rifampicin (93%), Ceftazidime (87%), Erythromycin (87%), and Tetracycline (80%). All the isolates were found to have the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index more than 0.2 which indicates multiple resistance towards antibiotics. In conclusion, L. monocytogenes was found in the chicken at supermarket and the isolates were found to be highly resistance towards multiple antibiotics. Thus, chicken meat must be properly cooked before consumption to prevent foodborne infection.Â
Feasibility and Acceptibility of EatSAFE-StopWASTEÂ© Mobile App
Authors: Yew Huat Tang John , Razif Shahril Mohd
Published: July 2024

Food poisoning affects one in six people around the world every year and food wastage due to expired or spoiled food continues to become global problem. It is a hope through the advancement of technology, these issues can be reduced with the help of smartphone apps. The EatSAFE-StopWASTEÂ©Â  app was developed to be a user friendly, attractive, informative and flexible smartphone app that help users to reduce food poisoning risk through food safety knowledge and food poisoning risk estimator. This app which categorises food into shelf stable food and perishable food aims to reduce food wastage through reminders of the food purchased. The feasibility and acceptability of EatSAFE-StopWASTEÂ© app were tested among 61 respondents, age ranged from 13 to 60 years old. Feasibility and acceptability of the app was found to be at 87.7% and 89.0%, respectively. Respondents agreed that the app is attractive (83.6%), user friendly (90.2%), easy to understand (95.1%), provides good features (82.0%), informative (86.1%), and useful (91.8%). It can be concluded that EatSAFE-StopWASTEÂ© app is highly feasible and acceptable among users as an aid to help them in reducing food poisoning and food wastage.Â
Application of Drone System for Land Cover Changes in Tembi-la Mangrove Forest and Pasir Akar Farm
Authors: Fakromi Naim Mohamad Rosli Mohamad , Iskandar Khalit Saiful , Aini Kamaruddin Nurul , Afiza Badaluddin Noor , Lion Marryanna , Mubarak Husin Tariq
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study is to determine the application of drone system for land cover changes in Tembila mangrove forest and Pasir Akar farm. This study was to compare land cover changes at Tembila mangrove forest and Pasir Akar farm within 10 years. This study also use another tool to determine land cover which is Google Earth Pro for providing data in 2007, 2012 and 2017. The data collected from the drone and was being analysed using Pix4d Mapper Pro and Drone Deploy in order to obtain the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), orthomosaic image and elevation. The results show that there are changes in land cover at Tembila mangrove forest and Pasir Akar farm. The total area of Pasir Akar farm is 0.27 km2 meanwhile for Tembila mangrove forest is 0.86 km2. For Pasir Akar farm, the changes from 2007 until 2017 is 98.84 % meanwhile for Tembila mangrove forest is 59.30 %. This land cover changes happened in Pasir Akar farm due to agricultural and livestock activity meanwhile in Tembila mangrove forest due to aquaculture and palm oil plantation.Â
Chromaticity Stability of Beta-Carotene from Pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata)
Authors: Othman Rashidi , Eliah Abu Bakar Ainaa , Mahmad Noraini , Shahidan Norshazila
Published: July 2024

This study focused on the chromaticity of Beta-carotene extracted from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) by using extracts of ethyl acetate. Beta-carotene was then being dissolved in the PLA coating solution and was then being tested with different treatments which were UV-A exposed and different temperature within a period of time. For UV-A, beta-carotene was exposed until 8 hours, while for the different temperature (-25Â°C, RT, and 40Â°C), it was exposed until 6 hours. For the CIElab result, the colour changes due to the beta-carotene being exposed under a UV-A light and showed the result was sensitive to UV-A light exposure. For a different temperature, it can be concluded that, it was a slightly different within the temperatures selected due to the Beta-carotene was stable with the temperatures, eventhough it was exposed for a longer time. As a conclusion, it can be said that, beta-carotene was sensitive and not stable with the light especially rather than the temperature.Â
Carotenoid Content and Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE) of Seven Varieties of Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea) Leaf Extracts
Authors: Ismail Azrina , Norshazila Norshazila , Othman Rashidi , Mat Nashriyah
Published: July 2024

Ficus deltoidea, also known as mistletoe fig or Mas cotek in Malay is believed to have health benefits due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and carotenoids. However, there are limited studies that show evidence of carotenoid compounds in Ficus deltoidea leaf extracts, especially in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to determine the carotenoid content of seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea leaf extracts and its retinol activity equivalent (RAE). Carotenoid content was identified by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and its RAE was determined by using a formula where 12Âµg of Î²-carotene is equivalent to 1 RAE. The carotenoids detected in seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea were lutein and Î²-carotene. The highest carotenoid content detected in Ficus deltoidea leaf extractÂ  was Î²-carotene which ranged from 14.25 Â± 8.84 ug/ul (Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea ) to 1612.00 Â± 17.68 ug/ul (Ficus deltoidea var. angustifolia), while lutein content ranged from 23.00 Â± 0.71 ug/ul (Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea ) to 62.25 Â± 0.35 ug/ul (Ficus deltoidea var. bilobata). The RAE found ranged from 171.00 Â± 106.07 (var. deltoidea) up to 18726.00 Â± 1080.87 (var. angustifolia). The data obtained from this study indicated that Ficus deltoidea leaves of different varieties had significantly different carotenoid contents. Thus, there is potential for Ficus deltoidea to be used as an alternative natural carotenoid source for food and pharmaceutical industries.Â Â
PID Control of Hydraulic Turbine with Excitation and Synchronization Systems
Authors: Ibrahim Jaber Alzubaydy Ahmed , Dorohobid Vadym , Borozdin Mykola , Zakharchenko Ruslan
Published: July 2024

Hydroelectric energy is a major source of renewable electricity in the world. The industry is continuously searching for ways to improve the efficiency and reliability with which it produces energy. Here suggested a PID approach to turbine governor by utilizing human experience. The simulation model of Hydro Power Plant was constructed based on mathematical equations that summarize the behavior of the power plant. The simulation model of power plant is useful in stability studies. Simulation models are suitable for use in large scale system stability studies. The PID controller is designed and tested for three phases to ground fault by simulations which are reported in this paper. Results obtained by simulation show the rapidity and robustness of the PID controller. This controller is able to maintain the generated electrical power characteristics in spite of the changing user load.Â The invention and design of stabilized system means the ability of the system working with different load and fault.Â  Controlling voltage system represent control an active power in electrical power grid by increasing and decreasing the generator voltage. In this paper completed models test that stability and flexibility of the Synchronized generator with over exciter, and under exciter by Governor and Excitation systems.Â Â Â
Features of the Silo Capacitiesâ€™ Calculation at the Unsymmetrical Wind Load
Authors: Pichugin Sergei , Makhinko Natalia
Published: July 2024

The paper deals with summarizing research concerning analytical technique of calculation of vertical cylindrical capacities for grain storage under the influence of unsymmetrical wind influences. In particular, the analysis of vertical stiffenersâ€™ work was conducted and illustrated the body deformation for high and low capacities, depending on the number of rigid elements. Considering the constructionâ€™s form, which is an axially-symmetric shell of rotation, the main equations for determining efforts, displacements and the series of calculation coefficients were formed. Considering the character of the wind loadâ€™s influence, there were also made propositions considering defining normal and tangential strains in cross-section, longitudinal directions and also radial, circular and longitudinal displacements, accordingly to the general theory. was made The graphical nomograph for the convenient calculation, which could be used as an alternative when searching for intermediate calculation functions was made. In addition, capacities with different edgesâ€™ fortification are considered, for example, strengthened by absolutely rigid circle, free or fixed by elastic circle. General assessment of the total deflected mode of the capacityâ€™s construction was made, depending on the number of decomposition coefficients, which were put in calculation. Conclusions are accompanied with graphic isometric understandings, which were obtained on the basis of practical calculation.Â Â Â
Reliability Estimation of Oil and Gas Trunk Pipelines on a Stochastic Heterogeneous Base
Authors: Onyshchenko Volodymyr , Pichugin Sergiy , Vynnykov Yuriy , Vynnykov Pylyp
Published: July 2024

The article discusses buried oil and gas pipeline linear part reliability. Reliability parameters are longitudinal and hoop stresses in the pipeline wall, which are caused by the impact of the soil base uneven deformations, operating pressure and temperature difference. Estimation of the pipeline reliability in soils without special properties was performed. Improving the probabilistic solution of the differential equations curved pipe axis was carried out. Numerical FEM modelling was proposed for modelling system â€œpipeline â€“ collapsible basisâ€. It gives the most relevant and simplest results. The most dangerous cases of the system deformations were defined by increasing the soaking area of the base. Justification of the distribution laws was performed for the input parameters of the pipeline reliability function. Field studies allowed us to obtain 200 random variables of the mechanical characteristics of the pipeline collapsible bases in a water-saturated state. The pipeline reliability in collapsible strata with different thickness was estimated. There were established dependencies for pipeline strength and reliability laid in soil conditions without special properties, estimated that small deformations do not require an increase in the thickness of a pipeline wall, but the growth of deformations leads to reduction in the pipeline reliability. It is necessary to ensure normative reliability, almost linear increasing in the pipeline wall.Â
Numerical Experiment for the Determination of the Stress-Strain Condition of the System â€œBasis â€“ Vibroreinforced Soil-Cement Pileâ€
Authors: Anton Hasenko , Oleksandr Novytskyi , . .
Published: July 2024

The order of model creation and results of numerical finite element analysis on electronic computers of models of the vibroreinforced soil-cement piles is considered. The pile in the basis (soil) is in volumetric load-bearing conditions, therefore, among the features of creating such a model, the order of application of the load system and the laying of fastenings on its surface is described. Full-scale tests for vertical static load of investigated constructions have been carried out, as a result of which the vibroreinforced soil-cement pile has been destroyed. Surveys and investigations of the type and destruction mechanics were carried out. Revealed places that need to be strengthened. The results of numerical simulation are compared with the results of field tests. The analysis of the mechanics of destruction of the vibroreinforced soil-cement pile is carried out.Â
Bearing Capacity and Deformability of Three-Component Steel Reinforced Concrete Constructions Made of Lightweight Concrete
Authors: Semko Oleksandr , Hasenko Anton , Mahas Nataliia , Sirobaba Vitalij
Published: July 2024

The article contains the study of strength and deformability of three-component steel-reinforced concrete structures made of a thin-walled steel shell, light concrete and rigid reinforcement in the form of a light steel thin-walled profile. The results of calculation, simulation and experimental researches of more than 40 steel-concrete elements are presented. The diagrams of the work of these constructions are compared with the comparison of experimental data and numerical modeling, which confirm the correctness of the introduction of the calculation model into the software complex, where special attention was paid to the boundary conditions of the work of the structure. The model with the indication of the concentration of internal stresses and the nature of the deformation of the structure in general, which fully corresponded to the experimental research, was analyzed.Â  An adapted calculation algorithm for three-component steel-concrete constructions is presented, where the coefficients of working conditions for each of the constituent constructions are indicated. The relationship between relative flexibility and the lowering coefficient of operation of a thin-walled cylindrical steel shell is shown. Appropriate conclusions are formulated.Â Â Â
Comparative Analysis of Deflections and Crack Opening Widths in Reinforced Concrete Whole Beams Under the Action of Single, Low-Cycle Repetitive and Low-Cycle Alternating Loads
Authors: Masjuk Grigory , Yushchuk Oleksandr , Masjuk Wladislav , Semko Pavlo
Published: July 2024

Article contains a comparative analysis of the deflections and the crack opening widths in the reinforced concrete whole beams affected by single, low-cycle repeated and short-cycle alternating loads according to experimental data. Experimental studies have shown that the stress-strained state of the whole beams affected by low-cycle repeated and short-cycle alternating loads significantly differs from the stress-strained state of the same beams affected by nonalternating static loads.Following parameters of the stress-strained state were determined: crack resistance and deformability, crack opening widths and deflections have considerably higher values. This is caused to certain extent by the change in the concrete structure after repeated and alternating loads. The concrete structure, affected by alternating loads, changes due to the formation of microcracks, which increase from cycle to cycle, forming the main cross-cutting cracks, dividing the beam by length into separate blocks. Due to this, the beam stiffness decreases and the deflections increase, as well as the crack opening widths.Â  Â
Usage of the Floor-Lifting Method for Buildings Erection with Precast-Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Frames of Â«KUBÂ» or Similar Frame Systems
Authors: Dyachenko Evgen , Zyma Oleksandr , Scherbinin Leonid , Akarenko Ruslan M
Published: July 2024

Usage of the floor-lifting method for buildings erection with precast-monolithic reinforced concrete frames of Â«KUBÂ» or similar frame system was reviewed in the article. Analysis of technological features of proposed method was done. Advantages and disadvantages of proposed method usage were listed. Opportunity of floor-lifting method of reinforced concrete frames buildings erection in dense areas usage was justified. Usage of the floor-lifting method for erection of buildings with precast-monolithic reinforced concrete frames of Â«KUBÂ» or similar frame system allows to reduce the works complexity due to the complete refusal to use the equipment for the verification and temporary fixing of slabs individual elements and the operations exclusion associated with the retrieval and temporary fixing floor slabs elements. Proposed method usage allows to move majority of assembly operations to the ground floor level, which can significantly increase the industrial safety level, improve the work and control quality. Reducing the installation parameters values, allows to use less powerful self-propelled cranes for building frame elements installation, in some cases, completely refuse to use the tower cranes. It makes sense to use this building frameworks erection method in dense urban areas. The main disadvantage of this method is the high demanding quality of the slabs elements production. Because the surface of the slab is the basis for the next floor slab, inaccurate factory production will not allow the exact slabs elements installation in the required position.Â Â
Calculation of the stability of the equilibrium form of discrete systems
Authors: Shkurupiy Oleksandr , Mytrofanov Pavlo , Dovzhenko Oksana , Pohribnyi Volodymyr
Published: July 2024

On the basis of the displacement method, together with the methods of iterations and half-division, an algorithm for stability calculation of the first kind equilibrium form of compressed reinforced concrete columns with hinged fixing at the ends, considering the stiffness changing was developed. The use of the above methods makes it possible to determine the minimum critical load or stress at the first bifurcation and their stability loss corresponding form. The use of matrix forms contributes to simplification of high order stability loss equation. This approach allows to obtain the form of stability loss that corresponds to the critical load.Â Â
Experimental Investigation and Computer-Generated Simulation of Reinforced Double-Tee Girders with a Wall of Oriented Standard Board
Authors: Dmytrenko Andrii , Dmytrenko Tetiana , Derkach Tetyana , Klochko Lina
Published: July 2024

The problem of sustaining capacity increasing of wooden structures and elements which operate in lateral deflection is always in the researchersâ€™ focus of interest, this caused the composite wooden structures creation. One of the ways to improve and increase wooden structuresâ€™ technical-and-economical efficiency is bar reinforcement, which allows to increase structuresâ€™ resistibility and rigidness, safety and lasting quality.The results of experimental investigation of reinforced wooden I-beam with a web of oriented standard wall operation are given in this research paper. The peculiarity of this I-beam is boom fiber-glass reinforcement. The experiment task is to determine the operation characteristics and stress strain behavior of composite beam elements.In the article, the authors provided a description of the proposed and patented design constructive solution of reinforced double-tee girders with a wall of oriented standard board, which was made of two boards with 38 x 65 mm cross-section and 10 mm x 200 mm wall of oriented standard board (oriented standard board - OSB), which connected with epoxy adhesive, the height of beam is 250 mm.The experiment results analysis of suggested I-beams with fiber-glass reinforcement was carried out, the operation under the load peculiarities and fracture mode was revealed.Â Â
Experimental Studies of Energy-Efficient Beams in Buildings and Structures of the Oil and Gas Complex
Authors: Chichulina Kseniia , Chichulin Viktor , . .
Published: July 2024

This study presents the results of experimental tests of new structural solutions for beams with double profiled trapezoidal wall and uneven pitch of corrugations. Tests of such structures have been performed for the first time. This determined the goals and objectives of the experiment. The probabilistic characteristics (mathematical expectation, mean square deviation) of the strength of the profiled wall material and the limit parameters of the bearing capacity of beams elements with profiled walls have been determined. This further allows us to calculate the failure probability of structures belonging to this type in the form of a system of elements. Experimental tests in the nodes of beams with profiled walls gave the opportunity to assess the nature of the work in such structures, to build the dependence of deformation from loads in dangerous cross sections of the samples and graphs of the deflections to determine the characteristic space structures and the patterns of transition to the ultimate state. Experimental studies have shown the effectiveness of the profiled wall inclusion in the beam bending and confirmed the feasibility of its use for buildings and structures of the oil and gas complex. It was experimentally revealed that the plane stress state of the profiled wall is characterized by small values of normal stresses at the level of the middle axis with a tendency of increasing in the direction of connection with the shelves. The novelty of the research is in the experimental analysis of features of the new beam assemblies with a double profiled wall and confirmed the possibility of using corrugated thin-walled profiles in the beam walls. The prospect and advantages as for the application of the developed designs in industrial facilities of the oil and gas complex have been proved. Peculiarities of carrying out experiments of thin-walled designs are revealed.Â Â