bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hospital Case-Volume on Mortality after Ovarian Cancer Surgery: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Bo Rim , Kim Heewon , Joo Se-gyeong , Jang Eun Jin , Jo Junwoo , Lee Hannah , Ryu Ho Geol
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The goal of ovarian cancer surgery has recently shifted from optimal cytoreduction to more complete resection. This study attempted to reassess and update the association between surgical case-volume and both in-hospital and long-term mortality after ovarian cancer surgery using recent data. Design: This study is a population-based retrospective cohort study. Participants/Material: Data from all adult patients who underwent ovarian cancer surgery in Korea between 2005 and 2019 were obtained from the national database. A total of 24,620 patients underwent ovarian cancer surgery in 362 hospitals during the period. Setting: In-hospital and 1-, 3-, 5-year mortality were set as primary and secondary outcomes. Methods: Hospitals were categorized into high-volume (>90 cases/year), medium-volume (20–90 cases/year), and low-volume (<20 cases/year) centers considering overall distribution of case-volume. Postoperative in-hospital and long-term mortality were analyzed using logistic regression after adjusting for potential risk factors. Results: Compared to high-volume centers (0.54%), in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in medium-volume (1.40%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.92; confidence interval, 1.82–3.73; p < 0.001) and low-volume (1.61%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.94; confidence interval, 2.07–4.17; p < 0.001) centers. In addition, 1-year mortality was 6.26%, 7.06%, and 7.94% for high-volume, medium-volume, and low-volume centers, respectively, and the differences among the groups were significant. However, case-volume effect was not apparent in 3- and 5-year mortality after ovarian cancer surgery. Limitations: Lacking clinical information such as staging or histologic diagnosis due to the nature of the administrative data should be considered in interpreting the data. Conclusions: Case-volume effect was observed for in-hospital and 1-year mortality after ovarian cancer surgery, while it was not clearly found in 3- or 5-year mortality. Dilution of the case-volume effect might be attributed to the high accessibility to care.
El hiphop como forma de resistencia frente al juvenicidio: la experiencia de Casa Kolacho
Authors: Feixa Carles , Márquez Fulvia , Hansen Nele , Castaño Jeison
Published: August 2022

(analítico)El artículo aborda una de las facetas del hiphop como cultura juvenil: su dimensión de movimiento social y cultural protagonizado por jóvenes de sectores subalternos. Para ello se analiza el caso de Casa Kolacho, un centro de arte y cultura situado en la Comuna 13 de Medellín, que abrió sus puertas en 2013 como culminación de la toma de conciencia de los jóvenes del barrio contra la violencia ejercida por agentes estatales, paramilitares, guerrilleros y grupos criminales.El texto se centra en el testimonio de Jeihhco, uno de los impulsores del centro, cuyo relato repasa el papel del hiphop como una forma de resistencia frente al juvenicidio, usando la música y el arte como una estrategia contrahegemónica de expresión y supervivencia.
Palabras clave: Hiphop; música; violencia; Comuna 13; Medellín; juvenicidio.
Resistencia, re-existencia y juvenicidio: tres metáforas para comprender la Colombia del levantamiento popular
Authors: Amador-Baquiro Juan Carlos , Muñoz-González Germán
Published: August 2022

(analítico)El artículo analiza las modalidades de resistencia y re-existencia producidas en el contexto del levantamiento popular de 2021, en sus relaciones con el juvenicidio. Metodológicamente, se optó por el análisis de narrativas de experiencias de jóvenes de tres ciudades, así como el análisis de un corpus de imágenes relacionado con estos acontecimientos. En resultados, la categoría salir del cerco evidenció que el levantamiento está imbricado con el juvenicidio, desde la precarización y la violencia estatal en pandemia y la existencia de opresiones cruzadas. En la categoría subvertir, se observó la presencia de estrategias de confrontación y deslegitimación simbólica al sistema dominante. En la categoría estéticas populares sobresalen la autorrepresentación y la curación simbólica. La categoría educación popular evidenció la implementación de prácticas fomentadoras del interaprendizaje y la cocreación para buenos vivires.
Palabras clave: Resistencia; re-existencia; juvenicidio; subvertir; estéticas populares; educación popular.
“Bilíngues”, “bilíngues de verdade” e global citizens: distinção e disposições de classe no mercado educacional
Authors: Michetti Miqueli
Published: August 2022

Com base em pesquisa qualitativa sobre o mercado de educação bilíngue e internacional na cidade de São Paulo, o artigo analisa a problemática da distinção de classe na globalização.  Após discutir transformações mais amplas no mercado de diplomas, apresenta-se o universo do ensino internacional/bilíngue no Brasil e, por meio de análise documental, delineia-se o espaço relacional das escolas  privadas de ensino  internacional/bilíngue na capital paulista. A tipologia de (a) escolas internacionais, (b) escolas brasileiras com currículo internacional, (c) escolas bilíngues e (d) escolas com programas bilíngues mostra que agentes em diferentes posições no espaço social disputam desigualmente a  incorporação de disposições  relacionadas à globalização.
Entre cultura e política: a distinção na produção de opinião na mídia
Authors: Vieira Allana Meirelles
Published: August 2022

Este artigo tem como proposta analisar os diferentes mecanismos de produção de opinião política entre um grupo de colunistas, comentaristas e analistas políticos da mídia no Brasil contemporâneo, relacionando tais mecanismos com as posições dos agentes no espaço social. Tomando como base as análises de Pierre Bourdieu em A distinção – crítica social do julgamento, especialmente do capítulo “Cultura e política”, este artigo propõe correlacionar esses mecanismos com um conjunto de práticas e disposições relacionadas ao habitus – incluindo, portanto, expressões de gosto e estilo de vida – bem como com o campo em que esses agentes se inserem. O estudo foi elaborado a partir da análise de 51 indivíduos, com a realização de entrevistas e prosopografia.
Consumo e capital informacional nas lógicas de distinção entre grupos dominados
Authors: Castro Ana Lúcia de
Published: August 2022

O artigo contribui para o debate  acerca da atualidade do conceito  “capital cultural” na apreensão da dimensão simbólica de disputas  estabelecidas entre os grupos sociais  em torno da legitimação de bens e práticas culturais e, portanto, na compreensão dos mecanismos pelos quais as hierarquias simbólicas são mantidas e a dominação reproduzida. Para tanto, analisa a apropriação de referências do universo das grifes por parte de adeptos ao movimento Hype como um tipo de capital cultural  específico mobilizado no  estabelecimento de fronteiras simbólicas entre grupos não  dominantes, evidenciando a expansão da cultura de consumo e o capital informacional como dois aspectos da cultura contemporânea extremamente impactantes nos jogos de distinção.
O jornalismo no novo ambiente comunicacional: uma reavaliação da noção do “jornalismo como sistema perito”
Authors: Miguel Luis Felipe
Published: August 2022

O artigo revê, à luz das transformações contemporâneas no ambiente comunicacional, a noção de que o jornalismo opera como “sistema perito” – um sistema de expertise que  desfruta da confiança nele depositada por usuários incapazes de avaliá-lo tecnicamente. As novas tecnologias ampliaram a concorrência no espaço discursivo, dissolvendo o monopólio do jornalismo e erodindo suas fontes de financiamento. Ao mesmo tempo, uma incerteza epistêmica radical (“pós-verdade”) e o insulamento do público em enclaves fechados comprometem sua legitimidade. Esta situação contribui para a crise da democracia, uma vez que seu funcionamento pressupunha um patamar mínimo de concordância sobre a agenda e sobre os fatos relevantes, que o jornalismo supria.
Distinção e capital cultural hoje: introdução
Authors: Bertoncelo Edison , Nicolau Netto Michel , Ribeiro Fábio
Published: August 2022

Introdução ao dossiê - "Distinção e classe social no mundo contemporâneo".
Computadores, matemática e significado
Authors: Castro Paulo
Published: August 2022

Através do computador é possível aceder graficamente a realidades matemáticas de outra forma inacessíveis. Sugere-se que a aplicação de uma didáctica significativa, no âmbito da matemática experimental, permite aos estudantes reflectir sobre questões fundamentais da realidade. Sugere-se que o resultado dessa aprendizagem não formal da matemática permite a construção de referências extensíveis à vida quotidiana, promovendo a maturidade intelectual e o desenvolvimento da personalidade durante a adolescência.
O Telescópio e a Revolução Científica do século XVII
Authors: Dall'olio Rafael Luis dos Santos
Published: August 2022

Pretende-se discutir o impacto causado por um instrumento científico, o telescópio, na Revolução Científica ocorrida no século XVII. Ao permitir que objetos invisíveis se tornassem visíveis, esse instrumento possibilitou a ampliação da concepção do universo. Ao analisamos as obras de três ‘protagonistas’ dessa revolução – Galileu, Kepler e Newton — constatamos que os estudos realizados por Galileu e Kepler no aperfeiçoamento do telescópio fortaleceram a teoria heliocêntrica, enquanto o protagonismo de Newton ocorreu no campo teórico da mecânica. Contudo, a associação entre instrumento e astrônomo se tornou recorrente apenas no caso de Galileu e da luneta astronômica.
Physical Function and Subsequent Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Hu Xiao , Mok Yejin , Ding Ning , Sullivan Kevin J. , Lutsey Pamela L. , Schrack Jennifer A. , Palta Priya , Matsushita Kunihiro
Published: August 2022

Background

Reduced physical function, a representative phenotype of aging, has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few studies have comprehensively investigated its association with composite and individual CVD outcomes in community‐dwelling older adults and its predictive value for CVD beyond traditional risk factors.

Methods and Results

We studied 5570 participants (mean age 75 [SD 5] years, female 58%, Black 22%) at visit 5 (2011–2013) of the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study. Physical function was evaluated with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), which incorporates a walk test, chair stands, and balance tests. The SPPB score was modeled categorically (low [0–6], intermediate [7–9], and high [10–12]) and continuously. We assessed the associations of SPPB score with subsequent composite (coronary heart disease, stroke, or heart failure) and individual CVD outcomes (components within composite outcome) using multivariable Cox models adjusting for major CVD risk factors and history of CVD. We also evaluated improvement in C‐statistics by adding SPPB to traditional CVD risk factors in the Pooled Cohort Equation. Among the study participants, 13% had low, 30% intermediate, and 57% high SPPB scores. During a median follow‐up of 7.0 (interquartile interval 5.3–7.8) years, there were 930 composite CVD events (386 coronary heart disease, 251 stroke, and 529 heart failure cases). The hazard ratios of composite CVD in low and intermediate versus high SPPB score were 1.47 (95% CI, 1.20–1.79) and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.07–1.46), respectively, after adjusting for potential confounders. Continuous SPPB score demonstrated independent associations with each CVD outcome. The associations were largely consistent across subgroups (including participants with prevalent CVD at baseline). The addition of SPPB to traditional CVD risk factors significantly improved the C‐statistics of CVD outcomes (eg, ΔC‐statistic 0.019 [95% CI, 0.011–0.027] for composite CVD).

Conclusions

Reduced physical function was independently associated with the risk of composite and individual CVD outcomes and improved their risk prediction beyond traditional risk factors in community‐dwelling older adults. Although confirmatory studies are needed, our results suggest the potential usefulness of SPPB for classifying CVD risk in older adults.
Regulatory Framework for eHealth Data Policies in Zimbabwe: Measuring FAIR Equivalency
Authors: Chindoza Kudakwashe
Published: August 2022

The FAIR Guidelines—that data should be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR)—aim to improve the management of digital data assets for improved decision making. FAIR comprises 15 elements (called facets) that explain how data should be able to be reused by researchers and policymakers. For this research, eight policy documents were reviewed from Zimbabwe's Ministry of Health and Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) from 1999 to 2020. These were scrutinised to determine the mention of the FAIR Guidelines or FAIR Equivalent principles. The vision, mission statement and objectives of these documents were analysed relative to the 15 facets of FAIR. The research found that none of the policy documents in health/eHealth or ICT in Zimbabwe explicitly mention the FAIR Guidelines, but all contain some FAIR Equivalent principles. Hence, the regulatory framework for health/eHealth data management in Zimbabwe is aligned with the FAIR Guidelines and, therefore, a policy window is open for the adoption of FAIR Guidelines in relation to health/eHealth data management.
FAIR Guidelines and Data Regulatory Framework for Digital Health in Nigeria
Authors: Kawu Abdullahi Abubakar , Elijah Joseph , Abdullahi Ibrahim , Maipanuku Jamilu Yahaya , Folorunso Sakinat , Basajja Mariam , Oladipo Francisca , Ibrahim Hauwa Limanko
Published: August 2022

Adopting the FAIR Guidelines—that data should be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR)—in the health data system in Nigeria will help protect data against use by unauthorised parties, while also making data more accessible to legitimate users. However, little is known about the FAIR Guidelines and their compatibility with data and health laws and policies in Nigeria. This study assesses the governance framework for digital and health/eHealth policies in Nigeria and explores the possibility of a policy window opening for the FAIR Guidelines to be adopted and implemented in Nigeria's eHealth sector. Ten Nigerian policy documents were examined for mention of the FAIR Guidelines (or FAIR Equivalent terminology) and the 15 sub-criteria or facets. The analysis found that although the FAIR Guidelines are not explicitly mentioned, 70% of the documents contain FAIR Equivalent terminology. The Nigeria Data Protection Regulation contained the most FAIR Equivalent principles (73%) and some of the remaining nine documents also contained some FAIR Equivalent principles (between 0–60%). Accordingly, it can be concluded that a policy window is open for the FAIR Guidelines to be adopted and implemented in Nigeria's eHealth sector.
FAIR Equivalency, Regulatory Framework and Adoption Potential of FAIR Guidelines in Health in Kenya
Authors: Inau Ester Thea , Nalugala Reginald , Nandwa William Muhadi , Obwanda Fredrick , Wachira Antony , Cartaxo Antonio
Published: August 2022

This study explored the regulatory framework in Kenya that may facilitate the implementation of the FAIR Guidelines in health research, as well as the possibility of adopting the FAIR Guidelines at the national level. Fourteen key documents pivotal to the emerging digital health sector in Kenya were identified and analysed using a comprehensive coding and labelling approach based on a binary system for whether or not they mention the FAIR Guidelines or terms and vocabulary related to the FAIR Guidelines. The analysis revealed gaps in data stewardship that could be filled by the implementation of the FAIR Guidelines and, although the documents analysed do not explicitly mention the FAIR Guidelines, FAIR Equivalent terminology and practices are mentioned in varying detail. However, our analysis shows that there are still no provisions for the introduction and implementation of the FAIR Guidelines in health research in Kenya. Therefore, we recommend that the leadership be provided with a comprehensive introduction to the FAIR Guidelines, success stories about the FAIRification of data and research infrastructure in other parts of the world, and a demonstration of the steps needed for the FAIRification of health data in Kenya.
Information Streams in Health Facilities: The Case of Uganda
Authors: Basajja Mariam , Nambobi Mutwalibi
Published: August 2022

With the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic, the lack of digitally-recorded and connected health data poses a challenge for analysing the situation. Virus outbreaks, such as the current pandemic, allow for the optimisation and reuse of data, which can be beneficial in managing future outbreaks. However, there is a general lack of knowledge about the actual flow of information in health facilities, which is also the case in Uganda. In Uganda, where this case study was conducted, there is no comprehensive knowledge about what type of data is collected or how it is collected along the journey of a patient through a health facility. This study investigates information flows of clinical patient data in health facilities in Uganda. The study found that almost all health facilities in Uganda store patient information in paper files on shelves. Hospitals in Uganda are provided with paper tools, such as reporting forms, registers and manuals, in which district data is collected as aggregate data and submitted in the form of digital reports to the Ministry of Health Resource Center. These reporting forms are not digitised and, thus, not machine-actionable. Hence, it is not easy for health facilities, researchers, and others to find and access patient and research data. It is also not easy to reuse and connect this data with other digital health data worldwide, leading to the incorrect conclusion that there is less health data in Uganda. The a FAIR architecture has the potential to solve such problems and facilitate the transition from paper to digital records in the Uganda health system.
Proof of Concept and Horizons on Deployment of FAIR Data Points in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Basajja Mariam , Suchanek Marek , Taye Getu Tadele , Amare Samson Yohannes , Nambobi Mutwalibi , Folorunso Sakinat , Plug Ruduan , Oladipo Francisca , van Reisen Mirjam
Published: August 2022

Rapid and effective data sharing is necessary to control disease outbreaks, such as the current coronavirus pandemic. Despite the existence of data sharing agreements, data silos, lack of interoperable data infrastructures, and different institutional jurisdictions hinder data sharing and accessibility. To overcome these challenges, the Virus Outbreak Data Network (VODAN)-Africa initiative is championing an approach in which data never leaves the institution where it was generated, but, instead, algorithms can visit the data and query multiple datasets in an automated way. To make this possible, FAIR Data Points—distributed data repositories that host machine-actionable data and metadata that adhere to the FAIR Guidelines (that data should be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable)—have been deployed in participating institutions using a dockerised bundle of tools called VODAN in a Box (ViB). ViB is a set of multiple FAIR-enabling and open-source services with a single goal: to support the gathering of World Health Organization (WHO) electronic case report forms (eCRFs) as FAIR data in a machine-actionable way, but without exposing or transferring the data outside the facility. Following the execution of a proof of concept, ViB was deployed in Uganda and Leiden University. The proof of concept generated a first query which was implemented across two continents. A SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis of the architecture was carried out and established the changes needed for specifications and requirements for the future development of the solution.
Expanding Non-Patient COVID-19 Data: Towards the FAIRification of Migrants’ Data in Tunisia, Libya and Niger
Authors: Ghardallou Mariem , Wirtz Morgane , Folorunso Sakinat , Touati Zohra , Ogundepo Ezekiel , Smits Klara , Mtiraoui Ali , van Reisen Mirjam
Published: August 2022

This article describes the FAIRification process (which involves making data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable—or FAIR—for both machines and humans) for data related to the impact of COVID-19 on migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in Tunisia, Libya and Niger, according to the scheme adopted by GO FAIR. This process was divided into three phases: pre-FAIRification, FAIRification and post-FAIRification. Each phase consisted of seven steps. In the first phase, 118 in-depth interviews and 565 press articles and research reports were collected by students and researchers at the University of Sousse in Tunisia and researchers in Niger. These interviews, articles and reports constitute the dataset for this research. In the second phase, the data were sorted and converted into a machine actionable format and published on a FAIR Data Point hosted at the University of Sousse. In the third phase, an assessment of the implementation of the FAIR Guidelines was undertaken. Certain barriers and challenges were faced in this process and solutions were found. For FAIR data curation, certain changes need to be made to the technical process. People need to be convinced to make these changes and that the implementation of FAIR will generate a long-term return on investment. Although the implementation of FAIR Guidelines is not straightforward, making our resources FAIR is essential to achieving better science together.
Incomplete COVID-19 Data: The Curation of Medical Health Data by the Virus Outbreak Data Network-Africa
Authors: Van Reisen Mirjam , Oladipo Francisca Onaolapo , Mpezamihigo Mouhamed , Plug Ruduan , Basajja Mariam , Aktau Aliya , Jati Putu Hadi Purnama , Nalugala Reginald , Folorunso Sakinat , Amare Samson Yohannes , Abdulahi Ibrahim , Afolabi Oluwole Olumuyiwa , Mwesigwa Ezra , Taye Getu Tadele , Kawu Abdulahi , Ghardallou Mariem , Liang Yan , Osigwe Obinna , Medhanyie Araya Abrha , Mawere Munyaradzi
Published: August 2022

The incompleteness of patient health data is a threat to the management of COVID-19 in Africa and globally. This has become particularly clear with the recent emergence of new variants of concern. The Virus Outbreak Data Network (VODAN)-Africa has studied the curation of patient health data in selected African countries and identified that health information flows often do not involve the use of health data at the point of care, which renders data production largely meaningless to those producing it. This modus operandi leads to disfranchisement over the control of health data, which is extracted to be processed elsewhere. In response to this problem, VODAN-Africa studied whether or not a design that makes local ownership and repositing of data central to the data curation process, would have a greater chance of being adopted. The design team based their work on the legal requirements of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR); the FAIR Guidelines on curating data as Findable, Accessible (under well-defined conditions), Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR); and national regulations applying in the context where the data is produced. The study concluded that the visiting of data curated as machine actionable and reposited in the locale where the data is produced and renders services has great potential for access to a wider variety of data. A condition of such innovation is that the innovation team is intradisciplinary, involving stakeholders and experts from all of the places where the innovation is designed, and employs a methodology of co-creation and capacity-building.
3M_BANTOR: A regression framework for multitask and multisession brain network distance metrics
Authors: Tomlinson Chal E. , Laurienti Paul J. , Lyday Robert G. , Simpson Sean L.
Published: August 2022

Brain network analyses have exploded in recent years and hold great potential in helping us understand normal and abnormal brain function. Network science approaches have facilitated these analyses and our understanding of how the brain is structurally and functionally organized. However, the development of statistical methods that allow relating this organization to phenotypic traits has lagged behind. Our previous work developed a novel analytic framework to assess the relationship between brain network architecture and phenotypic differences while controlling for confounding variables. More specifically, this innovative regression framework related distances (or similarities) between brain network features from a single task to functions of absolute differences in continuous covariates and indicators of difference for categorical variables. Here we extend that work to the multitask and multisession context to allow for multiple brain networks per individual. We explore several similarity metrics for comparing distances between connection matrices and adapt several standard methods for estimation and inference within our framework: standard F test, F test with scan-level effects (SLE), and our proposed mixed model for multitask (and multisession) BrAin NeTwOrk Regression (3M_BANTOR). A novel strategy is implemented to simulate symmetric positive-definite (SPD) connection matrices, allowing for the testing of metrics on the Riemannian manifold. Via simulation studies, we assess all approaches for estimation and inference while comparing them with existing multivariate distance matrix regression (MDMR) methods. We then illustrate the utility of our framework by analyzing the relationship between fluid intelligence and brain network distances in Human Connectome Project (HCP) data.
Oman: Constitutionalism Unrealized
Authors: Said Basma Mubarak
Published: August 2022

This chapter analyzes the development of constitutionalism in Oman over three historic phases. It examines the establishment of the modern Omani state, and sheds light on the power struggle between the absolutist ruler, Sultan Saʿid bin Taimur al-Saʿid, and his reformist brother, Tariq bin Taimur al-Saʿid, the first serious attempt to introduce constitutionalism in Oman calling for limiting the Sultan’s power and transforming Oman into a constitutional monarchy. It details first how British authorities intervened as intermediaries in this power struggle, bolstering the Sultan’s powers and entrenching absolutist monarchy in Oman. The chapter then examines the events surrounding the late Sultan Qaboos’s issuance of the Basic Law – enacted during his twenty-sixth year in power – and situates it as a response to internal and external pressures within Oman and in the Gulf region in the mid-1990s. The chapter moves then to describe a movement for greater power-sharing emerging as part of Arab Spring-inspired protests in 2011 and describes some of the minor constitutional amendments enacted by Sultan Qaboos that year, which did little to alter the status quo. Finally, it examines the Sultan’s passing away in January 2020, the appointment of Sultan Haitham as successor, and his enactment of a new constitutional document intended to stabilize governance in Oman and devolve some authority to his inner circle, while largely avoiding a larger disruption of power dynamics.
Citizen or City Diplomacy? Diplomatic Co-Production and the Middle Ground in Municipal Twinning Relationships
Authors: Harrison Scott Michael , Huang Quinton
Published: August 2022

Since their early origins in the Cold War, municipal twinning relationships have relied on citizen initiative and participation. Where does the government end and the citizen begin? Using examples from Canada–Asia city twinning, we argue that municipal twinning relationships should be viewed as a co-produced diplomatic ‘middle ground’ formed by the interactions of official and domestic society actors. We map how the concept of a co-produced middle ground helps us better understand the identities, capacities, continuities, criteria and conceptions at the heart of municipal twinning relationships. These insights could inform a co-productive model for municipalities to approach the design and implementation of twinning relationships. As a preliminary examination of domestic society actors in municipal twinning using the interpretative framework of co-production, this article points towards possibilities for future avenues of research and policy-making that more carefully attend to the actors, sites and scales of subnational diplomacy.
Subdaily Rain-Rate Properties in Western Java Analyzed Using C-Band Doppler Radar
Authors: Lestari Sopia , Protat Alain , Louf Valentin , King Andrew , Vincent Claire , Mori Shuichi
Published: August 2022

Jakarta, a megacity in Indonesia, experiences recurrent floods associated with heavy rainfall. Characteristics of subdaily rainfall and the local factors influencing rainfall around Jakarta have not been thoroughly investigated, primarily because of data limitations. In this study, we examine the frequency and intensity of hourly and daily rain rate, including spatial characteristics and variations across time scales. We use 6-min C-band Doppler radar and 1-min in situ data during 2009–12 to resolve spatial rain-rate characteristics at higher resolution than previous studies. A reflectivity–rain rate (Z–R) relationship is derived (Z = 102.7R1.75) and applied to estimate hourly rain rate. Our results show that rain rate around Jakarta is spatially inhomogeneous. In the rainy season [December–February (DJF)], rain rate exhibits statistical properties markedly different from other seasons, with much higher frequency of rain, but, on average, less intense rain rate. In all seasons, there is a persistent higher hourly and daily mean rain rate found over mountainous areas, indicating the importance of local orographic effects. In contrast, for hourly rain-rate extremes, peaks are observed mostly over the coastal land and lowland areas. For the diurnal cycle of mean rain rate, a distinct afternoon peak is found developing earlier in DJF and later in the dry season. This study has implications for other analyses of mesoscale rain-rate extremes in areas of complex topography and suggests that coarse-grain products may miss major features of the rain-rate variability identified in our study.

Significance Statement

For many years, Jakarta and its surrounding regions have been repeatedly inundated by flooding triggered by short-duration heavy rainfall or rainfall accumulated over multiple days. Little is known about the distribution of local rainfall and how it differs between seasons. In this study, we used high-resolution C-band Doppler radar during 2009–12 to understand the characteristics of rainfall over this complex topography. The results demonstrate that the rainfall features vary spatially and seasonally. In the wet season, rainfall is more frequent but, on average, lighter relative to other seasons. In all seasons, the highest hourly and daily mean rain rate persistently occurs over the mountains, indicating the vital role of topography in generating rainfall in the region.
Observed Near-Inertial Waves Trapped in a Propagating Anticyclonic Eddy
Authors: Xu Xing , Zhao Wei , Huang Xiaodong , Hu Qianwen , Guan Shoude , Zhou Chun , Tian Jiwei
Published: August 2022

Near-inertial waves (NIWs) trapped in a propagating anticyclonic eddy (AE) are investigated along the eddy path at three areas spanning 660 km by using two mooring arrays and a cruise transect. In the upstream area, the reconstructed three-dimensional structure reveals that NIWs are concentrated within the eddy core with wave current amplitudes exceeding 0.2 m s−1; vertically, due to the critical layer effect caused by eddy baroclinicity, NIWs are trapped at depths around 200 and 315 m with frequencies estimated to be ω1 ≈ 0.918f and ω2 ≈ 0.985f, respectively. After the AE propagates southwestward for hundreds of kilometers, the NIWs of frequency ω1 are still detectable inside the AE, while NIWs of frequency ω2 are absent because of the equatorward migration of the AE on a beta plane. Meanwhile, the wave kinetic energy downstream is trapped closer to the eddy center in radial direction, with the wave amplitude decaying roughly in a Gaussian form along the eddy radius, and becomes more homogeneous in the azimuthal direction, showing a more regular trapping form in the three-dimensional view. Investigation on wind shows that trapped NIWs are likely to be generated by a typhoon but less affected by the wind during the eddy passage time. By an energy analysis, we find that enhanced wave dissipation near the critical layer is roughly balanced by the energy transfer from mean flows, and therefore the trapped wave kinetic energy is largely conserved during the long-distance migration.
The Pandemic and the Elderly: Navigating Age and the COVID-19 Policies of India
Authors: Gangopadhyay Jagriti
Published: August 2022

Several media reports have highlighted how various sections of India’s population have been coping with the pandemic. Extending this debate, many academic articles have focussed on how the pandemic has led to multiple challenges for medical professionals and impacted rising unemployment rates and low female labour force participation in India. But India’s elderly who have been grappling with significant problems as a result of COVID-19 appear to be missing from both academic research as well as the policy narrative. Based on qualitative interviews, this article demonstrates how the elderly in an urban city of India dealt with the pandemic as well as the nationwide lockdown. Additionally, this article will also discuss the policies that should be put into place to address the needs of the elderly population in the country. In this regard, this article will discuss the impact of vaccine policies on the elderly and illustrate intersections between later life experiences and a global disaster such as a pandemic in urban India.
The Goldilocks of Social Justice Education: Balint Groups as a Curricular Intervention to Support Equitable Health Care
Authors: Manning Alexandra
Published: August 2022

While there is consensus within the medical profession on the importance of ensuring future physicians are well versed in issues of social justice, there is little consensus on how to best achieve this. Traditional methods of didactic lectures or case-based learning, with an emphasis on the transmission of knowledge, run the risk of reinforcing the very inequities they are aiming to disrupt. The classroom experiences do not call on trainees to act on issues of social justice beyond discussing imagined actions in a carefully constructed case. Balint Groups offer an alternate pedagogy that align with a more interpretative style of teaching and offer an opportunity for meaningful engagement with issues of social justice. In Balint Groups, students are engaged in cases where the presenter has participated directly in the clinical encounter. While these cases tend to focus on relational dilemmas between the doctor and patient, the dilemma can also highlight an internal dilemma between competing professional identities – such as the biomedical expert and the socially conscious professional. Imagined agency is removed and the group is tasked with reflecting on the dissonance created by these two competing identities. While the use of Balint Groups as a curricular intervention offers exciting opportunities to promote social justice, there are cautions. First, Balint Groups operate within the dominant discourse of medical education and facilitators must be sensitive to how this may position the presenter; second, it cannot be forced – it must arise from the case presented.
Can Overclaiming Technique Improve Self-Assessment Tools for Digital Competence? The Case of DigCompSat
Authors: Muszyński Marek , Pokropek Artur , Castaño-Muñoz Jonatan , Vuorikari Riina
Published: August 2022

Digital competence is crucial for living, working and participating in current societies. Despite its huge importance, objective measurement tools for it are scarce due to its developmental difficulty. Self-assessment of digital competence seems a promising proxy of objective tests, and it additionally offers the possibility for surveying otherwise unmeasurable constructs such as attitudes and beliefs. However, self-assessment tools are burdened with validity problems, most notably response biases such as overly positive descriptions, overclaiming or careless and insufficient effort responding. In this paper, we investigate how these problems can be mitigated by using the overclaiming technique, a technique that identifies and corrects the bias variance in self-assessments. Our main result was that the use of the overclaiming technique can lead to higher reliability and validity of digital competence self-assessment tools, especially for short scales. Moreover, it allows for correcting additional spurious variance in comparison with careless responding indexes, which allows the use of both these techniques in parallel to increase the quality of data. Our results are important in providing advances in enhanced information on digital competence that can result in better lifelong learning decisions when used at the individual level and in better policy-making decisions when used at the aggregate level.
Gender-Based Violence, Subjective Quality of Life, and Mental Health Outcomes Among Palestinian Women: The Mediating Role of Social Support and Agency
Authors: Veronese Guido , Mahmid Fayez Azez , Bdier Dana
Published: August 2022

We tested the association between gender-based violence (GBV), subjective quality of life, and mental distress manifested by anxiety, depression, and stress among Palestinian women exposed to political and military violence. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, Berlin Social Support Scales, WHO-5 subjective Quality of Life Scale, Women's Agency Scale 61, and Violence Against Women Questionnaire were administered to 332 purposely selected participants. Structural equation modeling was applied to address the study hypothesis. A conceptual model depicting GBV as a predictor, mental distress as an outcome variable, and agency and social support as mediators was confirmed.
When she is Standing Left, she Might be Blamed. Responsibility Attribution for Sexualized Violence Moderated by Rape Myth Acceptance and Benevolent Sexism
Authors: Halicki Katharina T. , Hauser Robin , Wänke Michaela
Published: August 2022

The present research contributes to the literature on victim blaming in cases of sexualized violence. Our findings show that even subtle cues, such as positioning in a picture, can influence blame attribution, particularly for people who are motivated to do so. In our experimental study we could show that with increasing rape myth acceptance as well as with increasing benevolent sexism, participants assigned more responsibility for later occurring sexualized violence to a woman displayed on the left-hand side compared to a woman displayed on the right-hand side of a picture.
Pre-Engagement as Method: An EmbodiMapTM VR Experience to Explore Lived Experience of People from South Sudanese Refugee Background
Authors: Gitau Lydia , Kenning Gail , Burgess Sophie , Bennett Jill , Kuchelmeister Volker , Neidorf Melissa , Ginnivan Natasha
Published: August 2022

This paper discusses the use of pre-engagement as a method to introduce EmbodiMap, a Virtual Reality (VR) tool to a group of South Sudanese refugees in Sydney, Australia. The aim of the pre-engagment is to understand how currently available support for the mental and emotional wellbeing of the refugee population can be further supported through psychosocial engagements using purposefully developed tools. The EmbodiMap tool and experience, developed by the felt Experience and Empathy Lab (fEEL) at UNSW Sydney, is a creative approach that potentially offers a transformative experience as participants virtually reach into their bodies and draw or register their immediate or persisting feelings, sensations and emotions. As an arts-based approach, EmbodiMap provides an innovative alternative to approaches that rely heavily on words, thus helping amplify the participants’ self-expression. Pre-engagement is used as a psychosocial engagement method, allowing for a small group of participants to experience EmbodiMap first-hand and engage ‘hands on’ with the technology before providing insights into how the tool may be adapted, developed, or codesigned further to facilitate a meaningful experience for use with the broader community. The pre-engagement with a small group of South Sudanese community members revealed scope for further engagement with the broader community, while adapting to the needs and issues identified.
A unique immune signature in blood separates therapy-refractory from therapy-responsive acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: van Halteren Astrid G. S. , Suwandi Jessica S. , Tuit Sander , Borst Jelske , Laban Sandra , Tsonaka Roula , Struijk Ada , Wiekmeijer Anna-Sophia , van Pel Melissa , Roep Bart O. , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , Lankester Arjan C. , Schepers Koen , van Tol Maarten J. D. , Fibbe Willem E.
Published: August 2022

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is an immune cell‒driven, potentially lethal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation affecting diverse organs, including the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We applied mass cytometry (CyTOF) to dissect circulating myeloid and lymphoid cells in children with severe (grade III-IV) aGVHD treated with immune suppressive drugs alone (first-line therapy) or in combination with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs; second-line therapy). These results were compared with CyTOF data generated in children who underwent transplantation with no aGVHD or age-matched healthy control participants. Onset of aGVHD was associated with the appearance of CD11b+CD163+ myeloid cells in the blood and accumulation in the skin and GI tract. Distinct T-cell populations, including TCRγδ+ cells, expressing activation markers and chemokine receptors guiding homing to the skin and GI tract were found in the same blood samples. CXCR3+ T cells released inflammation-promoting factors after overnight stimulation. These results indicate that lymphoid and myeloid compartments are triggered at aGVHD onset. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) presumably class switched, plasmablasts, and 2 distinct CD11b– dendritic cell subsets were other prominent immune populations found early during the course of aGVHD in patients refractory to both first- and second-line (MSC-based) therapy. In these nonresponding patients, effector and regulatory T cells with skin- or gut-homing receptors also remained proportionally high over time, whereas their frequencies declined in therapy responders. Our results underscore the additive value of high-dimensional immune cell profiling for clinical response evaluation, which may assist timely decision-making in the management of severe aGVHD.
A tumor volume and performance status model to predict outcome before treatment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Thieblemont Catherine , Chartier Loic , Dührsen Ulrich , Vitolo Umberto , Barrington Sally F. , Zaucha Jan M. , Vercellino Laetitia , Gomes Silva Maria , Patrocinio-Carvalho Ines , Decazes Pierre , Viailly Pierre-Julien , Tilly Herve , Berriolo-Riedinger Alina , Casasnovas Oliver , Hüttmann Andreas , Ilyas Hajira , Mikhaeel N. George , Dunn Joel , Cottereau Anne-Ségolène , Schmitz Christine , Kostakoglu Lale , Paulson Joseph N. , Nielsen Tina , Meignan Michael
Published: August 2022

Aggressive large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) has variable outcomes. Current prognostic tools use factors for risk stratification that inadequately identify patients at high risk of refractory disease or relapse before initial treatment. A model associating 2 risk factors, total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) >220 cm3 (determined by fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography coupled with computed tomography) and performance status (PS) ≥2, identified as prognostic in 301 older patients in the REMARC trial (#NCT01122472), was validated in 2174 patients of all ages treated in 2 clinical trials, PETAL (Positron Emission Tomography-Guided Therapy of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas; N = 510) and GOYA (N = 1315), and in real-world clinics (N = 349) across Europe and the United States. Three risk categories, low (no factors), intermediate (1 risk factor), and high (2 risk factors), significantly discriminated outcome in most of the series. Patients with 2 risk factors had worse outcomes than patients with no risk factors in the PETAL, GOYA, and real-world series. Patients with intermediate risk also had significantly worse outcomes than patients with no risk factors. The TMTV/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-PS combination outperformed the International Prognostic Index with a positive C-index for progression-free survival and overall survival in most series. The combination of high TMTV > 220 cm3 and ECOG-PS ≥ 2 is a simple clinical model to identify aggressive LBCL risk categories before treatment. This combination addresses the unmet need to better predict before treatment initiation for aggressive LBCL the patients likely to benefit the most or not at all from therapy.
Rational polypharmacological targeting of FLT3, JAK2, ABL, and ERK1 suppresses the adaptive resistance to FLT3 inhibitors in AML
Authors: Azhar Mohammad , Kincaid Zachary , Kesarwani Meenu , Menke Jacob , Schwieterman Joshua , Ansari Sekhu , Reaves Angela , Ahmed Arhama , Shehzad Rammsha , Khan Areeba , Syed Nuha , Amir Noor , Wunderlich Mark , Latif Tahir , Seibel William , Azam Mohammad
Published: August 2022

Despite significant advancements in developing selective FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitors, resistance to treatment is common even on continued therapy. Acquisition of on-target mutations or adaptation to MAPK, JAK2, and ABL signaling pathways drive treatment failure and disease relapse. Although combinatorial targeting of all escape routes in preclinical models demonstrated its efficacy, the clinical application is challenging owing to drug-drug interaction and differing pharmacokinetics of the inhibitors. We reasoned that selective polypharmacological targeting could lead to a durable response with reduced toxicity. A cell-based screening was carried out to identify inhibitors targeting FLT3, RAS-MAPK, BCR-ABL, and JAK2 to target the adaptive resistance observed with FLT3 inhibitors. Here, we show that pluripotin is an equipotent inhibitor of FLT3, BCR-ABL, and JAK2 in addition to inhibiting Ras-GAP and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1). Structural modeling studies revealed that pluripotin is a type II kinase inhibitor that selectively binds with inactive conformations of FLT3, ABL, and JAK2. Pluripotin showed potent inhibitory activity on both mouse and human cells expressing FLT3ITD, including clinically challenging resistant mutations of the gatekeeper residue, F691L. Likewise, pluripotin suppressed the adaptive resistance conferred by the activation of RAS-MAPK pathways, BCR-ABL, and JAK2 signaling. Treatment with pluripotin curbed the progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in multiple in vivo models including patient-derived primary AML cells in mouse xenotransplants. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that targeted polypharmacological inhibition of key signaling nodes driving adaptive resistance can provide a durable response.