bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of innate lymphoid cell populations at different sites in mice with defective T cell immunity
Authors: Dutton Emma E. , Camelo Ana , Sleeman Matthew , Herbst Ronald , Carlesso Gianluca , Belz Gabrielle T. , Withers David R.
Published: December 2017

Background: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have now been identified within most tissues of the body and current evidence indicates that this family of cells play a fundamental role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, few studies have compared the ILC populations between several tissues.

Methods: We sought to generate a comprehensive characterisation of the ILC populations in different tissues of C57BL/6 WT and genetically modified mice targeting costimulatory pathways, using transcription factor expression to define specific groups.

Results: Consistent with studies individually describing the ILC composition in different tissues, our analysis revealed different ILC groups dominate the ILC population in different tissues. Additionally, we observed a population of  IL-7Rα+Id2+ cells lacking expression of lineage markers but also lacking expression of GATA-3, RORgt or T-bet. This population was most evident in ear skin where it outnumbered the defined ILC groups, however, further experiments demonstrated that detection of these cells was influenced by how the tissue was digested, raising concerns as to its real nature. Since both ILC2 and ILC3 express ICOS, we then investigated the requirement for ICOS:ICOSL interactions in the homeostasis of ILC populations at these sites. Surprisingly, no significant differences were detected in the number of ILC1, ILC2 or ILC3 between WT and ICOSL-/- mice in any tissue, indicating that this pathway is not required for ILC homeostasis at these sites. These data were compared with CD80-/-CD86-/- mice given evidence of CD28 expression by some ILC and ILC crosstalk with activated T cells. Notably, the absence of CD28 ligands resulted in a significant increase in ILC2 and ILC3 numbers in the intestine.

Conclusions: Together, these data provide new insight into ILC composition in different tissues in both WT and genetically modified mice where key costimulatory pathways are genetically deleted, providing a useful resource for further research into ILC biology.
A institucionalização da temática da sustentabilidade no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração da Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Authors: Lima Carlos Eduardo , Amancio-Vieira Saulo Fabiano
Published: December 2017

Nacionalmente, algumas instituições de ensino passaram a introduzir a sustentabilidade em seus currículos. Todavia, tais experiências são isoladas, pois não há diretrizes oficiais tratando especificamente de inserir esta temática nos diversos níveis de ensino. Entre estas experiências, o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (PPGA – UEL) destaca-se por sua área de concentração e todas as suas linhas de pesquisa contemplarem essa temática. Diante dessa especificidade, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar como ocorreu a institucionalização da temática a sustentabilidade no PPGA – UEL. O aporte teórico do trabalho é composto pela teoria institucional e educação para sustentabilidade. A pesquisa é um estudo de caso, de caráter qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo. Os dados são primários e secundários, cujas fontes são documentos e conteúdo recolhido por entrevista semiestruturada. A análise feita mediante análise de conteúdo. Como resultados, observou-se que a inclusão da temática ocorre gradualmente. Houve fatores internos e externos que contribuíram para a institucionalização da temática, tais como o trabalho institucional que tem sido utilizado ao longo do período analisado para romper lógicas institucionalizadas e para dar legitimidade e manutenção da nova lógica.
Surface layer quality in compressor titanium blades at multiaxes deep grinding
Authors: Полетаев В. , Poletaev V. , Цветков Е. , Tsvetko E.
Published: December 2017

The investigation results of technological conditions impact at multiaxes deep grinding upon quality of titanium alloy blade surface layer in the compressors of gas turbine engines (GTE) are presented. The grinding mode impact upon a surface and a value of residual stresses in a surface layer of blades is defined and also conditions for defect occurrence as burns on blade surfaces under machining are detected.
Documenting the Assessment of the Risks of Material Misstatement
Authors: Кочинев Юрий , Kochinev Yuriy
Published: December 2017

Th is article considers the issues of draft ing working documents at assessment of risks of material distortion due to errors or unfair actions at the reporting level as a whole, as well as at the level of transaction types, accounts balance, disclosures. Recommendations for documentation are suggested, based on the requirements of international standards of audit and recommendations of the Council of auditor activity under the Ministry of Finance of Russian Federation.
Trends in Troponin‐Only Testing for AMI in Academic Teaching Hospitals and the Impact of Choosing Wisely®
Authors: Prochaska Micah T. , Hohmann Samuel F. , Modes Matthew , Arora Vineet M.
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Identifying hospitals that are both early and consistent adopters of high‐value care can help shed light on the culture and practices at those institutions that are necessary to promote high‐value care nationwide. The use of troponin to diagnose acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and not to test for myoglobin or creatine kinase‐MB (CK‐MB), is a high‐value recommendation of the Choosing Wisely® campaign.

OBJECTIVE

To examine the variation in cardiac biomarker testing and the effect of the Choosing Wisely® troponin‐only recommendation for the diagnosis of AMI.

DESIGN

A retrospective observational study using administrative ordering data from Vizient's Clinical Database/Resource Manager.

SETTING

Ninety‐one academic medical centers from the fourth quarter of 2013 through the third quarter of 2016.

PATIENTS

Hospitalized patients with a principal discharge diagnosis of AMI.

INTERVENTION

The Choosing Wisely® recommendation to order troponin‐only testing to diagnose AMI was released during the first quarter of 2015.

RESULTS

In 19 hospitals, troponin‐only testing was consistently ordered to diagnose AMI before the Choosing Wisely® recommendation and throughout the study period. In 34 hospitals, both troponin and myoglobin/CK‐MB were ordered to diagnose AMI even after the Choosing Wisely® recommendation. In 26 hospitals with low rates of troponin‐only testing before the Choosing Wisely® recommendation, the release of the recommendation was associated with a statistically significant increase in the rate of troponin‐only testing to diagnose AMI.

CONCLUSION

In institutions with low rates of troponin‐only testing prior to the Choosing Wisely® recommendation, the recommendation was associated with a significant increase in the rate of troponin‐only testing.
Characterizing Hospitalist Practice and Perceptions of Critical Care Delivery
Authors: Sweigart Joseph R. , Aymond David , Burger Alfred , Kelly Andy , Marzano Nick , McIlraith Thomas , Morris Peter , Williams Mark V. , Siegal Eric M.
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Intensivist shortages have led to increasing hospitalist involvement in critical care delivery.

OBJECTIVE

To characterize the practice of hospitalists practicing in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting.

DESIGN

Survey of hospital medicine physicians.

SETTING

This survey was conducted as a needs assessment for the ongoing efforts of the Critical Care Task Force of the Society of Hospital Medicine Education Committee.

PARTICIPANTS

Hospitalists in the United States.

INTERVENTION

An iteratively developed, 25‐item, web‐based survey.

MEASUREMENTS

Results were compiled from all respondents then analyzed in subgroups. Various items were examined for correlations.

RESULTS

A total of 425 hospitalists completed the survey. Three hundred and twenty‐five (77%) provided critical care services, and 280 (66%) served as primary physicians in the ICU. Hospitalists were significantly more likely to serve as primary physicians in rural ICUs (85% of rural respondents vs 62% of nonrural; P < .001 for association). Half of the rural hospitalists who were primary physicians for ICU patients felt obliged to practice beyond their scope, and 90% at least occasionally perceived that they had insufficient support from board‐certified intensivists. Among respondents serving as primary physicians for ICU patients, 67% reported at least moderate difficulty transferring patients to higher levels of ICU care. Difficulty transferring patients was the only item significantly correlated with the perception of being expected to practice beyond one's scope (P < .05 for association).

CONCLUSIONS

Hospitalists frequently deliver critical care services without adequate training or support, most prevalently in rural hospitals. Without major changes in intensivist staffing or patient distribution, this is unlikely to change.
Hospital Perceptions of Medicare's Sepsis Quality Reporting Initiative
Authors: Barbash Ian J. , Rak Kimberly J. , Kuza Courtney C. , Kahn Jeremy M.
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

In October 2015, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) implemented the Sepsis CMS Core Measure (SEP‐1) program, requiring hospitals to report data on the quality of care for their patients with sepsis.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to understand hospital perceptions of and responses to the SEP‐1 program.

DESIGN

A thematic content analysis of semistructured interviews with hospital quality officials.

SETTING

A stratified random sample of short‐stay, nonfederal, general acute care hospitals in the United States.

SUBJECTS

Hospital quality officers, including nurses and physicians.

INTERVENTION

None.

MEASUREMENTS

We completed 29 interviews before reaching content saturation.

RESULTS

Hospitals reported a variety of actions in response to SEP‐1, including new efforts to collect data, improve sepsis diagnosis and treatment, and manage clinicians' attitudes toward SEP‐1. These efforts frequently required dedicated resources to meet the program's requirements for treatment and documentation, which were thought to be complex and not consistently linked to patient‐centered outcomes. Most respondents felt that SEP‐1 was likely to improve sepsis outcomes. At the same time, they described specific changes that could improve its effectiveness, including allowing hospitals to focus on the treatment processes most directly associated with improved patient outcomes and better aligning the measure's sepsis definitions with current clinical definitions.

CONCLUSIONS

Hospitals are responding to the SEP‐1 program across a number of domains and in ways that consistently require dedicated resources. Hospitals are interested in further revisions to the program to alleviate the burden of the reporting requirements and help them optimize the effectiveness of their investments in quality‐improvement efforts.
El proceso de internacionalización de la educación superior en Argentina (1995-2015): ¿determinantes exógenos o endógenos?
Authors: Botto Mercedes
Published: December 2017

El propósito de este artículo es analizar el proceso de internacionalización de la educación superior en Argentina, en el marco del debate sobre los alcances de las reformas estructurales en América Latina. A través de la reconstrucción histórica de la trayectoria seguida por el sistema de educación superior argentino entre 1995 y 2015, se busca contribuir al debate sobre la naturaleza de la reforma y los factores que determinaron sus orígenes y sus alcances. La selección del caso argentino se hace en virtud de sus peculiaridades nacionales, que lo convertirían en un ejemplo de las posibilidades de la reforma en materia de privatización, descentralización y (des) regulación gubernamental. Las conclusiones desmitifican tanto las explicaciones que hablan de una sobredeterminación exógena como de las tesis voluntaristas que hablan de las orientaciones ideológicas y los cálculos políticos de los líderes de gobierno.
No a la guerra: resistencia civil en dos comunidades periféricas de Colombia
Authors: Mouly Cécile
Published: December 2017

Este artículo compara el accionar de dos comunidades que se declararon “territorio de paz” en Colombia: el municipio de Samaniego, en el departamento suroccidental de Nariño, fronterizo con Ecuador, y el corregimiento de Las Mercedes, en el departamento oriental de Norte de Santander, fronterizo con Venezuela. Estas comunidades comparten una situación similar. Fueron fuertemente afectadas por la  guerra y se volvieron lugares de cultivos de coca. Frente a esta situación la población civil emprendió un proceso de resistencia no-violenta en contra de actores armados estatales y no estatales. Usamos una metodología cualitativa, que incluyó entrevistas, observación y análisis de fuentes documentales para comparar los resultados de estas acciones en ambos casos y entender las razones de su éxito o fracaso. Encontramos que tres tipos de razones pueden explicar los distintos resultados de estas acciones: i) las características del movimiento de resistencia civil, incluyendo la participación en el movimiento, su cohesión y su liderazgo; ii) las relaciones entre la comunidad y los grupos armados, y iii) el respaldo de actores externos. Finalmente, argumentamos que las negociaciones de paz a nivel nacional pueden potenciar las iniciativas locales de paz y que estas son importantes para la paz en Colombia.
El Mercosur en el nuevo escenario político regional: más allá de la coyuntura
Authors: Peixoto Batista Juliana , Perrotta Daniela Vanesa
Published: December 2017

En medio de los recientes cambios en los contextos político y económico en América del Sur, este trabajo se dedica a analizar los desafíos del Mercosur para discutir la “supervivencia” del bloque regional, sus límites y posibilidades. Se sostiene que el Mercosur es un proceso complejo y muestra características híbridas desde su concepción. Por un lado, no puede ser identificado del todo con el regionalismo abierto, paradigma predominante al momento de su creación, pero por otro lado, la definición de regionalismo posthegemónico tampoco es del todo adecuada para definir los cambios ocurridos en el bloque desde 2003. En ese sentido, el bloque posee una dinámica propia —fuertemente determinada por la alianza estratégica entre Argentina y Brasil y por variables estructurales como las asimetrías en el tamaño de los mercados, el desarrollo y la diversificación del tejido  productivo, el nivel de vulnerabilidad a shocks e interferencias externas— que se ve influenciada solo parcialmente por los ciclos políticos, diferentes y contrapuestos, vividos por el bloque desde su creación. Para observar los cambios y continuidades que dan cuenta de esa característica híbrida que posee el Mercosur y cómo se planta el bloque de cara a los recientes desafíos, se analizan agendas comerciales y sociales.
El efecto del aroma en la intención de compra de un paquete vacacional
Authors: Cuatrecasas Clemente Laura Pilar
Published: December 2017

Se estudia el efecto del aroma asociado a un destino turístico en la intención de compra de un paquete vacacional. Sesenta estudiantes universitarios (M =21,45, Dt =1,50) visualizaron un spot de un destino caribeño en una de las dos condiciones experimentales: sin aroma y con aroma ambiental asociado a un destino turístico. Tras el visionado, los participantes completaron un cuestionario que incluía escalas Likert. El análisis estadístico revela que el aroma asociado al destino turístico no tiene ningún efecto en la intención de comprar de un paquete vacacional, pero sí lo tiene el agrado por el video promocional. Estos resultados contribuyen al conocimiento de las propiedades del mercadeo experiencial aplicado a la industria del turismo.
Social Media Strategies in Product-Harm Crises
Authors: He Shu , Rui Huaxia , Whinston Andrew B.
Published: December 2017

When a focal firm undergoes a product-harm crisis, nonfocal firms offering similar products or services can suffer from a negative spillover effect, but can also benefit from customers switching from the troubled focal firm, which we call the competitive effect. In response, a nonfocal firm can adapt its marketing strategy in consideration of these two opposing effects. Because social media is a flexible medium through which firms can quickly adjust marketing strategies in response to such unexpected events, we study how nonfocal firms adjust their post-crisis social media efforts to induce purchases and to improve customer relationships—two strategies known in the literature as offensive and defensive marketing, respectively. In particular, we use the daily social media activities of 56 major airlines on Twitter around the time of the Germanwings Flight 9525 crash to study how nonfocal airlines ran offensive and defensive marketing on social media before and after the crisis. We find that, on average, nonfocal airlines increased their defensive marketing efforts but decreased their offensive marketing efforts after the crash, which we attribute to the negative spillover effect. However, the strategic adjustment of decreasing offensive marketing is attenuated by the competition between nonfocal airlines and the focal one, which we attribute to the moderating role of the competitive effect. These results are shown to be robust in various tests and reveal how the interplay of the two effects of a product-harm crisis on nonfocal firms shapes their postcrisis social media strategies.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0707 .
Greatness Takes Practice: On Practice Theory’s Relevance to “Great Strategy”
Authors: Whittington Richard
Published: December 2017

This paper draws on the practice theory of Pierre Bourdieu, Michel de Certeau, Michel Foucault, Anthony Giddens, and Alasdair MacIntyre to explore the origins of great strategies. Despite its naturally rather modest approach to social life, practice theory does speak to the question of greatness. In particular, I shall derive five principles capable of building great strategies: value the ordinary, see past markets, embrace diversity, allow for the bottom up, and accept different forms of greatness. The paper proposes ways in which strategy as practice researchers can be more ambitious with regard to issues of performance, particularly through ethnographic case studies of “great” companies and of companies with different criteria of performance. The paper also identifies parallel research traditions with which strategy as practice researchers might work more closely—for instance, those associated with design thinking, nonmarket strategy, and institutional entrepreneurship and innovation. It also identifies opportunities and risks in working with the psychological traditions of microfoundational and behavioral strategy.
Encouraging political participation among the next generation
Authors: Rosser Elizabeth
Published: December 2017

Elizabeth Rosser, acting Executive Dean, Deputy Dean for Education and Professional Practice, and Professor of Nursing at Bournemouth University, discusses how nurses can be encouraged to be politically engaged
Physical rehabilitation for canine patients post cranial cruciate ligament surgery
Authors: Shaw Kristin Kirkby
Published: December 2017

Surgical treatment of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease is commonly performed in veterinary practice. Perioperative rehabilitation is standard of care in human patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury. Evidence is slowly mounting showing benefits of post-operative rehabilitation in canine patients following CCL surgery. A rehabilitation programme should be developed and guided by a professional trained and certified in canine rehabilitation, and progress through the programme should be based on individual patient assessment and functional goals rather than time elapsed since surgery. This article presents an example of progression through a post CCL surgery rehabilitation programme utilising clinic-based therapies and a home exercise plan. The purpose of this article is to educate primary care veterinary surgeons on what a trained and certified veterinary physiotherapist/rehabilitation therapist may recommend during the rehabilitation period. This manuscript is NOT intended to be used as a formula for all patients following CCL surgery, and examples are NOT intended to be provided to pet owners without individual patient assessment and guidance of a veterinary physiotherapist/rehabilitation therapist.
Interpreting liver parameters in cats and dogs — getting the most out of my blood work
Authors: Sturgess Kit
Published: December 2017

One of the first approaches to suspected liver disease will be blood work looking at liver parameters. These are also commonly included in general and some preanaesthetic screening tests. Having undertaken such testing it is important to derive as much useful information from the results as possible, as well as understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the tests performed. This article reviews the interpretation of liver enzymes, both cholestatic and hepatocellular, as well as tests of liver function and ancillary tests that could indicate hepatobiliary disease.
British Veterinary Zoological Society (BVZS) Conference
Authors: Bourne Debra
Published: December 2017

The British Veterinary Zoological Society (BVZS) held a 3-day conference in October. A wide variety of topics were covered, with sessions on avian influenza; mycobacteriosis; exotic pet welfare; wildlife health, including surveillance, rehabilitation and other topics; large zoo mammals, small zoo mammals, zoo birds; zoo amphibians and reptiles; exotic pet medicine, diagnostics, surgery and welfare; and zoo, wildlife and exotic pet nursing; plus a student careers session.
Veterinary Invertebrate Society
Authors: Kennedy Benjamin
Published: December 2017

Invertebrate species vastly outnumber vertebrates and are arguably more important for the continuing health of this planet. Some, such as tarantulas, can live longer than dogs and most cats. The Veterinary Invertebrate Society can support veterinary surgeons in treating invertebrate patients.
Creating rules in your classroom
Authors: Dabell John
Published: December 2017

Creating effective classroom rules is key to good behaviour. John Dabell offers some pointers
Dealing with ‘chatty classes’
Authors: Dabell John
Published: December 2017

Having a ‘chatty class’ can be a tricky low-level behaviour challenge for teachers. John Dabell offers some advice
Islamophobia as a Deterrent to Halal Global Trade
Authors: Barbara Ruiz-Bejarano
Published: December 2017

Islamophobia continues to be on the rise in Europe and other regions, such as Australia, Canada and the United States. It is now a global phenomenon which has multiple manifestations and is generated at different layers of society, and does not only affect citizens1 in non-Islamic countries, but has recently shown a new expression: the target has shifted towards Islamic economies, and more specifically towards the halal trade. Emerging economies in the region of Asia-Pacific and the Gulf are net importers of halal products (particularly foodstuff), which, paradoxically, are produced in non-Islamic economies. A report commissioned by the Dubai government, and researched and written by Thompson Reuters and Dinar Standard,2 valued the halal food and beverage (F&B) market at US$ 1.37 trillion in 2014. That represented 18.2% of the total global F&B market. In addition, the youthful population of the Muslim world - with 60% under the age of 30 - indicates that demand for halal products and services is likely to continue its upward growth curve and become an increasingly influential market over the next decade. This tremendously attractive market niche, combined with the slow growth of the economies of Europe, Canada, Australia and the United States, has prompted many industries to seek halal certification and to adapt their products and services to the requirements of Muslim consumers worldwide, including the significant minorities already living outside Islamic economies.3 However, some newcomers to the halal global market have found that there is another obstacle to overcome, apart from those already present in global trade: Islamophobia. In this article, I will explore the many expressions of Islamophobia aimed at stopping the growth of the halal market, and the different policies and attitudes of governments and institutions when confronted with the need to balance economic growth with cultural misunderstandings and hatred. I found systematic attempts to undermine the halal food industry made by some European Members of Parliament, claims of animal cruelty sparked by animal rights groups, bans on halal sacrifice in the meat industry, the “boycott-halal” on-line campaign, alleged funding of terrorism, threats and other expressions of hatred that have managed to prevent many businesses from accessing the emerging halal market.
Meðhöndlun trúnaðarupplýsinga hjá löggæslustofnunum ríkisins
Authors: Guðmundsdóttir Kristín , Gunnlaugsdóttir Jóhanna
Published: December 2017

Grein þessi byggir á niðurstöðum rannsóknar sem gerð var á meðferð trúnaðarupplýsinga meðal löggæslustofnana og löggæslutengdra stofnana. Markmiðið var að skoða hvernig meðhöndlun slíkra upplýsinga væri háttað hjá stofnununum. Þá var tilgangurinn að varpa ljósi á skyldur og kvaðir varðandi meðferð trúnaðarupplýsinga og hvernig tókst að framfylgja þeim svo og að kanna þekkingu starfsfólks á viðeigandi lagaumhverfi. Meðferð trúnaðarupplýsinga hefur ekki áður verið rannsökuð á heildstæðan hátt hérlendis með hliðsjón af starfsemi og hlutverki umræddra stofnana. Rannsóknin byggði á eigindlegri aðferðafræði, nánar tiltekið viðtalsaðferð. Helstu niðurstöður sýndu að viðmælendur höfðu lagalegar kvaðir um trúnað og þagnarskyldu í heiðri varðandi meðhöndlun upplýsinga. Þeir vísuðu til trúnaðaryfirlýsinga og stöðu ríkisstarfsmanna og ábyrgðar þeirra í tengslum við lögbundna þagmælsku. Skiptar skoðanir voru um það hvort gildandi lög og reglur um meðferð trúnaðarupplýsinga nægðu eða þörfnuðust breytinga. Þá höfðu hefðir og venjur mótað vissar starfsaðferðir við ýmis hversdagsleg störf fremur en að um þær giltu fyrirfram skilgreindar reglur.
Stjórnun sérfræðinga: Fremstir meðal jafninga
Authors: Guðmundsdóttir Árelía Eydís , Blöndal Elin
Published: December 2017

Þessi grein fjallar um birtingarmyndir valds í samskiptum stjórnenda og þekkingarstarfsmanna og áskoranir sem stjórnendur standa frammi fyrir á þeim grundvelli. Við öflun gagna var stuðst við eigindlega aðferðafræði og tekin hálfopin viðtöl við níu viðmælendur, þrjá stjórnendur og sex starfsmenn, innan þriggja mismunandi skipulagsheilda, ráðuneytis, háskóla og banka. Helstu niðurstöður gefa til kynna að vald sé mikilvægur áhrifaþáttur við stjórnun þekkingarstarfsmanna og að stjórnendur sem ná árangri treysti á persónuvald sitt, þ.e. sérfræðinga- og áhrifavald, fremur en formlegt vald. Jafnframt gefa niðurstöðurnar til kynna að sérstaða þekkingarstarfsmanna, þar með talið það vald sem þeir búa yfir, geri vissar kröfur til stjórnandans og stjórnunarhátta hans. Stjórnendurnir virtust almennt líta fremur á sig sem jafningja en stjórnanda þekkingarstarfsmanna. Niðurstöður sýna að stjórnun þekkingarstarfsmanna reynir mjög á færni stjórnenda í tjáningu og samskiptafærni að öðru leyti. Kom meðal annars fram að stjórnendurnir þurfa að beita valdi sínu með rökum.
Las nuevas necesidades formativas en el marco de la digitalización y demás avatares 4.0 (la agenda 2030 y los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible como herramientas docentes)
Authors: Quintero Lima M.ªGema
Published: December 2017

En apariencia, los primeros análisis de la digitalización y la robotización de la economía parecen coincidir en que tendrá efectos negativos para el empleo: en la medida en que ciertas actividades puedan ser sustituidas totalmente por procesos digitales o por sujetos robotizados, se hace prescindible ya la presencia total o parcial de trabajadores en las empresas. Solo indirectamente se hace referencia a la incidencia de esos nuevos procesos en el estatuto jurídico del trabajador, en las relaciones laborales colectivas y en la revisión de los sistemas de protección social.Desde septiembre 2015 se han activado desde las Naciones Unidas los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), que pueden ser las nuevas directrices de inspiración para nuevas herramientas de gestionar el cambio, o para nuevos contenidos de herramientas clásicas. La legislación y la negociación colectiva son destinatarias de algunos mandatos (referidos a regulaciones de salarios y demás condiciones decentes, son los ejemplos más inmediatos), de ahí que sea preciso insertar nuevas vías de reflexión en la docencia del Derecho Social 4.0. Al mismo tiempo, los ODS son susceptibles de actuar como acelerantes del aprendizaje, por lo que de estimulantes tienen en el ámbito material del Trabajo Decente y del Desarrollo Sostenible.The first analysis of digitalisation and the robotization of the economy seem to converge in the idea that Revolution 4.o will have negative effects on employment: if certain activities can be completely replaced by digital processes or by robotic subjects, then it is possible that workers in companies are totally o partially replaced. There are just only indirect references to the impact of these new processes on the legal status of the worker, on collective labor relations and on the revision of social protection systems.Since September 2016 the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) have been activated from the United Nations, which may be new inspiration guidelines for new tools to manage change, or for new contents of classic tools. Legislation and collective bargaining are the recipients of some mandates (referring to salary regulations and other decent conditions, are the most immediate examples) hence it is necessary to insert new ways of rethinking the teaching of Social Law 4.0. At the same time, the SDG are likely to act as accelerators at learning processes, so that they are stimulating frameworks in the material scope of Decent Work and Sustainable Development
La promoción del empredimiento social mediante metodologías innovadoras: hacia un nuevo paradigma educativo.
Authors: López Rodríguez Josune
Published: December 2017

En la actualidad, el mundo está inmerso en una grave crisis económica, social y medioambiental que demanda nuevas acciones para garantizar un futuro sostenible y socialmente justo. Ante este desafío, una de las posibles respuestas consiste en promover el emprendimiento social porque este fenómeno pretende abordar las necesidades sociales y contribuir al desarrollo social y económico. A tal fin, como paso previo, conviene crear una conciencia social sobre su alcance, para lo cual el ámbito educativo puede ser un contexto apropiado. En esta labor, más allá de las metodologías expositivas, es indispensable implantar metodologías activas e innovadoras que estimulen el espíritu crítico y emprendedor de los ciudadanos. Teniendo en consideración estas cuestiones, el presente artículo tiene por objeto verificar, desde una perspectiva teórica, la conveniencia de emplear metodologías innovadoras, como el aprendizaje-servicio, el aprendizaje por proyectos, el aprendizaje basado en problemas y el aprendizaje cooperativo, para promover el emprendimiento social desde la educación.
Periodismo de viajes e innovación en la red. Perfiles, apuesta y motivación de los bloggers
Authors: Palau Sampio Dolors , Lekant Mariia
Published: December 2017

El periodismo de viajes ha vivido una eclosión en la red en la última década, con la aparición de miles de blogs sobre esta temática. Esta comunicación analiza quiénes son sus impulsores, qué tipo de temáticas abordan o si los conciben como iniciativas de emprendimiento en el ámbito periodístico. Para ello se ha realizado una encuesta online, con 35 preguntas estructuradas en cinco bloques. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los bloggers encuestados procede de fuera del campo periodístico y que, a pesar deembarcarse en el proyecto como una afición, la mitad ha logrado monetizarlo.
A sustentabilidade de uma doutrina dos "Direitos Fundamentais"
Authors: Sponholz Guilherme Faggion
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo busca questionar a existência de um valor absoluto, que por sua natureza seja atemporal e universal e, por consequência, válido independentemente de qualquer ato humano. Com efeito, há certos conhecimentos inacessíveis à experiência e razão humanas, de modo que uma ciência tal como a jurídica não pode ter por objeto uma autoridade ou valor metafísico, mas deve se limitar a uma cognição possível. O conhecimento obtido por meio da jurisprudência, assim, não pode se pretender absoluto, senão apenas condicionado por certos pressupostos, dos quais depende a própria interpretação jurídica dos fatos. Este trabalho apresenta um ponto de vista de uma teoria do Direito positivo, tal como a Teoria Pura do Direito, do professor Hans Kelsen, a qual lhe serviu como maior referência.
Interpretação constitucional: Legitimidade democrática da jurisdição constitucional, dificuldade contramajoritária do poder judiciário e interpretação inconstitucional
Authors: Köhler Marco Vicente Dotto
Published: December 2017

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar e refletir acerca da interpretação constitucional, demonstrando a fundamental importância dessa tarefa para toda a sociedade; analisar a quem cabe a interpretação, como ela ocorre e, por fim, se é possível a existência de interpretação inconstitucional (ou inconstitucionalidade na interpretação), e como ela pode ocorrer. Para melhor compreensão desses aspectos, necessário se fez tratar também da legitimidade democrática da jurisdição constitucional, da dificuldade contramajoritária do Poder Judiciário, ainda que de fora perfunctória, pois não é objeto da pesquisa, mas tão somente tema incidental, porém necessário ao melhor desenvolvimento do artigo.
ASSESSMENT OF 2D-DIC STOCHASTIC PATTERNS
Authors: Antoš Jakub , Nežerka Václav , Somr Michael
Published: December 2017

Cost of experimental testing of materials and structures subjected to mechanical loading often constitutes a significant portion of a project budget. Therefore a collection of data in a maximum possible amount is desirable. Extensometers and strain-gauges attached to the specimen surface often fail and cannot provide full-field information about the development of displacements and strains. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is capable of providing such information. Unsuitable texture or artificially applied pattern, essential for DIC analysis, can spoil the DIC outcomes completely. An additional investment into preparation of new experimental testing can be avoided with the use of tools employing algorithms for stochastic pattern assessment. The development of such algorithms and their implementation into an open-source DIC software is the goal of the presented research.
NON-INVASIVE INVERSE PROBLEM IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Authors: Havelka Jan , Sýkora Jan , Kučerová Anna
Published: December 2017

In this contribution we focus on recovery of spatial distribution of material parameters utilizing only non-invasive boundary measurements. Such methods has gained its importance as imaging techniques in medicine, geophysics or archaeology. We apply similar principles for non-stationary heat transfer in civil engineering. In oppose to standard technique which rely on external loading devices, we assume the natural fluctuation of temperature throughout day and night can provide sufficient information to recover the underlying material parameters. The inverse problem was solved by a modified regularised Gauss-Newton iterative scheme and the underlying forward problem is solved with a finite element space-time discretisation. We show a successful reconstruction of material parameters on a synthetic example with real measurements. The virtual experiment also reveals the insensitivity to practical precision of sensor measurements.
HYDRATION PROCESS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CEMENT PASTE WITH RECYCLED CONCRETE POWDER AND SILICA SAND POWDER
Authors: Topič Jaroslav , Prošek Zdeněk
Published: December 2017

Recycled concrete powder (RCP) mostly consisting of cement paste could be reused as partial cement replacement. The aim of this paper is to compare hydration and mechanical properties of RCP and two types of silica sand powder (SSP). Comparison of those materials combined with cement can highlight the binder properties of recycled concrete powder. Using of two types of SSP also show an influence of their fines on hydration process and mechanical properties. Particle size analysis and calorimetric measurement were carried out and mechanical properties such as bulk density, dynamic Young’s modulus and compression strength were examine. Calorimetric measurement proves the presence of exposed non-hydrated particles in RCP that can react again. However lower density of old cement paste in RCP overweight the mentioned potential of RCP and mechanical properties are decreasing compared with reference cement paste and cement paste SSP.
EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVE PROPERTIES OF BASALT TEXTILE REINFORCED CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES
Authors: Valentová Soňa , Hrbek Vladimír , Šejnoha Michal
Published: December 2017

The present paper is concerned with the analysis of a ceramic matrix composite, more specifically the plain weave textile fabric composite made of basalt fibers embedded into the pyrolyzed polysiloxane matrix. Attention is paid to the determination of effective elastic properties of the yarn via homogenization based on the Mori-Tanaka averaging scheme and the 1st order numerical homogenization method adopting a suitable representative computational model. The latter approach is then employed to simulate the response of the yarn when loaded beyond the elastic limits. The required mechanical properties of individual material phases are directly measured using nanoindentation with in-build scanning probe microscopy. Applicability of the proposed computational methodology is supported by the analysis of a unidirectional fibrous composite, representing the yarn, subjected to a macroscopically uniform strain.
MODAL ANALYSIS FOR REVISION OF A FEM MODEL OF A STEEL TRUSS BEAM
Authors: Venglar Michal , Sokol Milan , Marfoldi Monika
Published: December 2017

The paper deals with a preparation of a complex FEM model for a local damage detection. The initial verified and validated three-dimensional FEM model of a steel truss bridge in laboratory is revised step-by-step to achieve the accurate model according to the experimental model. The emphasis is on modelling of the joints with 4 rivets and modelling of correct boundary conditions, as well as mass parameters and cross-section dimensions.A modal analysis of the structure is performed in FEM software. Many experimental measurements were made to correctly revise the FEM model. The calculated natural frequencies are compared with the measured ones. In addition, mode-shapes from the calculation are validated with the measured mode-shapes. The difference between the prepared FEM model and the measured specimen is small enough after a few steps of tuning. The verified, validated and revised numerical model can be used in future for a local damage detection.
Experimental analysis and comparison of tropospheric scintillation prediction models using eutelsat-36b satellite in a tropical Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Joseph , Rabiu Babatunde , Radicella Sandro , Obiyemi Obisesan
Published: December 2017

Knowledge on clear-air effects is of paramount importance to proper link budgeting for optimum communication systems design performances. In this paper, one-year (January - December 2013) tropospheric scintillation data are extracted from the EUTELSAT-36B Ku-band satellite measurements installed at Akure (Lat: 7.17 oN, Long: 5.18 oE, Alt: 358 m) for statistical analysis and the result compared with some established troposphere scintillation models in order to obtain the best prediction model performance for this region. The result shows that even in the absence of rain, tropospheric scintillation shows a strong seasonal effect in this region up to amplitude above 0.92 dB. The scintillation intensity fits better to gamma distribution at a high scintillation level taken into consideration the local meteorological parameters. Models comparison with experimental data also shows that the Karasawa model with the lowest percentage error of about 7% was found to be best fit for predicting propagation impairment relating to be fading at a Ku band frequency in this region. The overall results will provide information on scintillation margin needed for sizing antennas and amplifiers for reliable performance and the average bit-error probability on a scintillation-degraded digital satellite link in this region.
Apps under the surface. Problems with Cultural Heritage apps
Authors: Stiller Daniël , Beex Willem Frans
Published: December 2017

Apps for mobile devices are being made with the goal of telling the story of cultural heritage to general public. If they actually reach the target audience or if the apps are being used often, is not clear. This is particularly of relevance in the Netherlands as most apps are partially or completely financed with public money and being made for municipalities or other local government-organisations.The authors noticed and encountered several things concerning cultural heritage apps. The apps are often anything but good or perfect in function and presentation. When looked at the download-data, it becomes also clear that many apps are not very often downloaded and installed.When researching why this is the case several observations were made. From the local government-side there seems to be a lack of understanding of what could or should be achieved. This happens because goals are not being set, target audiences aren’t being thoroughly researched, etcetera. Sometimes the main goal was simply to build or have an app that displays and tells the story of a Cultural Heritage site. Often a company or department gets a set of parameters and simply builds an app around it. Furthermore the promotion of apps is relatively spares after the initial presentation. Often it becomes just a small message on the appropriate website and nothing else.Not everything mentioned above can be remedied, but a better understanding of which goals an app should have and what can be achieved combined with better promotion can lead to better apps and a better use of them by the general public. That leads back to a better return on the (often) public spending for making the app, not to mention of raising the awareness of the specific Cultural Heritage presented.
The Black Church Cemetery: Interdisciplinary approaches to the study of a medieval urban skeletal assemblage (Braşov, Romania)
Authors: Marcu Istrate Daniela , Diana Annamaria
Published: December 2017

The aim of this paper is three-fold: 1) to present results of the archaeological excavations conducted in the area surrounding the Black Church in Braşov (Transylvania, Romania); 2) to show the outcome of the analysis of a small human skeletal sample, and 3) to stress the importance of biocultural interpretations of burial sites for a better understanding of the process of urbanization in southern Transylvania.During the Middle Ages Braşov, founded in the 12th century by Central European colonists, was a flourishing multi-cultural and multi-ethnic urban community located in the heart of the Carpathian Mountains (Transylvania, Romania), and a busy crossroad for travellers, merchants and diplomats from Romania, other European countries and the Middle East. Between 2012 and 2013 a team of archaeologists conducted rescue excavations in the area surrounding the Black Church, unearthing a stratigraphically challenging complex of structures formed by centuries of uninterrupted human habitat, and over 1,400 graves in the medieval cemetery annexed to the church. The observation and interpretation of burial practices, grave goods and funerary topography, integrated with the demographic and pathological profile of human skeletal remains from 170 burials have shed new light on the life and death of the members of this middle-class population. In fact, bio-social and bio-cultural patterns were identified through the integration of multi-disciplinary sources of evidence.The team involved in the post-excavation processing of archaeological materials from the Black Church cemetery is keen to promote further investigations of the herein presented archaeological site, of inestimable value for the reconstitution of the development of urban life in medieval and modern Eastern Europe, and to divulgate the lesser-known, albeit not less interesting, Romanian cultural heritage to the international scholarship and the general public.
Archiving the Past While Keeping up with the Times
Authors: Gilissen Valentijn , Hollander Hella
Published: December 2017

The e-depot for Dutch archaeology started as a project at Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) in 2004 and developed into a successful service, which has ever since been part of the national archaeological data workflow of the Netherlands.While continuously processing archaeological datasets and publications and developing expertise regarding data preservation, various developments are taking place in the data landscape and direct involvement is necessary to ensure that the needs of the designated community are best met. Standard protocols must be defined for the processing of data with the best guarantees for long-term preservation and accessibility. Monitoring the actual use of file formats and the use of their significant characteristics within specific scientific disciplines is needed to keep strategies up-to-date.National developments includes the definition of a national metadata exchange protocol, its accommodation in the DANS EASY self-deposit archive and its role in the central channelling of information submission. In international context, projects such as ARIADNE and PARTHENOS enable further developments regarding data preservation and dissemination. The opportunities provided by such international projects enriched the data by improving options for data reuse, including allowing for the implementation of a map-based search facility on DANS EASY. The projects also provide a platform for sharing of expertise via international collaboration.This paper will detail the positioning of the data archive in the research data cycle and show examples of the data enrichment enabled by collaboration within international projects.