bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organic Matter Accumulation Model of Jurassic Lianggaoshan Shale Under Lake-Level Variations in Sichuan Basin: Insights from Environmental Conditions
Authors: Huang Dong , Qi Minghui , Deng Xiang , Huang Yi , Wang Haibo , Li Xiawei
Published: February 2025

Organic matter (OM) is the primary carrier for the generation and occurrence of shale oil and gas. The combination of sequence stratigraphy and elemental geochemistry plays a crucial role in the study of organic matter enrichment mechanisms in marine shale, but it is rarely applied to terrestrial lacustrine basins. As a product of the last large-scale lake transgression in the Sichuan Basin, the Early Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation (LGS Fm.) developed multiple organic-rich shale intervals, which is a good example for studying the OM enrichment in lacustrine basins. Based on a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework, the evolutionary process of terrestrial debris input, redox conditions, and paleo-productivity during the sedimentary period of the Lianggaoshan Formation lacustrine shale at different stages of lake-level variations has been revealed. The main controlling factors for OM enrichment and the establishment of their enrichment patterns have been determined. Sequence stratigraphy studies have shown that there are three third-order lake transgression-lake regression (T-R) cycles in the LGS Formation. The total organic carbon content (TOC) is higher in the TST cycle, especially in the T-R3 cycle, and lower in the RST cycle. There are differences in the redox conditions, paleo-productivity, terrestrial detrital transport, and OM accumulation under the influence of lacustrine shale deposition in different system tracts. The results indicate that changes in lake level have a significant impact on the reducibility of bottom water and paleo-productivity of surface seawater, but have a relatively small impact on the input of terrestrial debris. In the TST cycle, the reducibility of bottom water gradually increases, and the paleo-productivity gradually increases, while in the RST cycle, the opposite is true. Within the TST cycle, the OM accumulation is mainly influenced by paleo-productivity and redox condition of bottom water, with moderate input of terrestrial debris playing a positive role. In the RST cycle, the redox condition of bottom water is the main inducing factor for OM enrichment, followed by paleo-productivity, while terrestrial input flux plays a diluting role, which is generally not conducive to OM accumulation.
Sulfide Globule and a Localized Domain Ultra-Enriched in PGMs in the Main Reef Anorthosite from the Yoko-Dovyren Massif
Authors: Pshenitsyn Ivan V. , Ariskin Alexey A. , Korost Dmitry V. , Sobolev Sergei N. , Yapaskurt Vasily O. , Nikolaev Georgy S.
Published: February 2025

The results of a detailed examination of an anomalously PGM-rich anorthositic fragment from the Main Reef of the Yoko-Dovyren massif (Northern Transbaikalia, Russia) are presented. This fragment is to represent a 15 mm core drilled out from a typical low-sulfide PGE-rich anorthosite, occurring within the transition zone between troctolite and a rhythmically stratified sequence of olivine gabbro. Coupling multistage X-ray computed tomography (CT) with SEM studies allowed for revealing a heterogeneous distribution of PGMs and sulfides observable as (i) the main 4 mm sulfide globule containing some small PGMs around its periphery, with (ii) the bulk of the PGMs concentrated within a 3 mm sized scattered sulfide nest, comprising about 6 vol.% of the globule and located at a distance of 2–3 mm from it. Mass-balance calculations showed that the average sulfide composing this nest is 120fold richer in PGE than the sulfide globule. Calculations of sulfide minerals proportions showed that the globule consists of 39 vol.% Po, 21% Pn, 34% Cub, and 6% Ccp (consistent with 35.2 wt.% S, 48.2% Fe, 6.4% Ni, 9.9% Cu, and 0.4% Co), whereas the PGM-enriched sulfide domain includes (vol.%): Po—34, Pn—15, Ccp—23, and Cub—28 (respectively, S—35.2 wt.%, Fe—45.8%, Ni—4.6%, Cu—14.2%, and Co—0.3%). Thus, the PGM-enriched nest demonstrates an obvious increase in Cu relative to the sulfide globule. Further SEM studies of four thin sections of the globule and associated nest showed that they differ not only in the ratios of base metal sulfides, but also in the PGE mineralogy. The globule contains more high-temperature PGMs, such as moncheite, while the nest is enriched in “low-temperature” PGMs, including notable amounts of lead and mercury. The overwhelming majority of the numerous PGMs in the unusual domain were detected as tetraferroplatinum, with subordinate potarite and zvyagintsevite, associated with chlorite and apatite. Such a subdivision of anorthositic sulfides into two types demonstrating different composition and mineralogy, as well as contrasting distributions of PGE in the sulfide segregations, was established for the first time! The origin of the contrast PGM-sulfide assemblages is discussed.
Feasibility Exploration of the Efficient Recovery of Chromium from a Lateritic Nickel Deposit
Authors: Xu Chen , Xiao Yiwu , Fang Mingshan , Li Lei , Feng Kai
Published: February 2025

Lateritic nickel deposits frequently contain elevated concentrations of chromium. The recovery of this fraction of chromium resources can enhance the comprehensive utilization of resources while simultaneously reducing the energy consumption and environmental pollution associated with smelting. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility and technical challenges associated with the recovery of chromium from lateritic nickel deposits from a mineralogical perspective. To this end, a process mineralogical study was conducted on a lateritic nickel deposit in Indonesia. It was discovered that chromium often occurs as a chromium mineral, chromite, and exhibits significant physical differences from common minerals in lateritic nickel deposits, such as limonite and serpentine, making it suitable for physical beneficiation. Chromite constitutes a mere 3.72% of the ore sample, yet it is enriched with a 63.40% chromium content. Consequently, on the basis of determining the granularity and liberation characteristics of chromite and the occurrence state of chromium, we predicted that the recovery rate could reach 39.47%, constituting a feasible value for chromium recovery. This will enable a more scientific approach to the physical beneficiation process.
Advancing Renewable Energy Systems: A Numerical Approach to Investigate Nanofluidics’ Role in Engineering Involving Physical Quantities
Authors: Basit Muhammad Abdul , Imran Muhammad , Anwar-Ul-Haq Tayyiba , Yan Chang-Feng , Breaz Daniel , Cotîrlă Luminita-Ioana , Danciu Alin
Published: February 2025

Nanofluids, with their enhanced thermal properties, provide innovative solutions for improving heat transfer efficiency in renewable energy systems. This study investigates a numerical simulation of bioconvective flow and heat transfer in a Williamson nanofluid over a stretching wedge, incorporating the effects of chemical reactions and hydrogen diffusion. The system also includes motile microorganisms, which induce bioconvection, a phenomenon where microorganisms’ collective motion creates a convective flow that enhances mass and heat transport processes. This mechanism is crucial for improving the distribution of nanoparticles and maintaining the stability of the nanofluid. The unique rheological behavior of Williamson fluid, extensively utilized in hydrometallurgical and chemical processing industries, significantly influences thermal and mass transport characteristics. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), derived from conservation laws and boundary conditions, are converted into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformations. MATLAB’s bvp4c solver is employed to numerically analyze these equations. The outcomes highlight the complex interplay between fluid parameters and flow characteristics. An increase in the Williamson nanofluid parameters leads to a reduction in fluid velocity, with solutions observed for the skin friction coefficient. Higher thermophoresis and Williamson nanofluid parameters elevate the fluid temperature, enhancing heat transfer efficiency. Conversely, a larger Schmidt number boosts fluid concentration, while stronger chemical reaction effects reduce it. These results are generated by fixing parametric values as 0.1<ϖ<1.5, 0.1<Nr<3.0, 0.2<Pr<0.5, 0.1<Sc<0.4, and 0.1<Pe<1.5. This work provides valuable insights into the dynamics of Williamson nanofluids and their potential for thermal management in renewable energy systems. The combined impact of bioconvection, chemical reactions, and advanced rheological properties underscores the suitability of these nanofluids for applications in solar thermal, geothermal, and other energy technologies requiring precise heat and mass transfer control. This paper is also focused on their applications in solar thermal collectors, geothermal systems, and thermal energy storage, highlighting advanced experimental and computational approaches to address key challenges in renewable energy technologies.
High Body Mass Index Disrupts the Homeostatic Relationship Between Pain Inhibitory Control and the Symptomatology in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis—A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the DEFINE Study
Authors: Lacerda Guilherme J. M. , Fregni Felipe , Battistella Linamara R. , Imamura Marta
Published: February 2025

Objective: As outlined in our previous study, this study aims to investigate the role of body mass index (BMI) as an effect modifier in the relationship between conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and clinical outcomes, including depression, quality of life, and pain in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: This cross-sectional analysis is part of the DEFINE Study in Rehabilitation. A total of 113 participants with KOA, admitted to the Instituto de Medicina Física e Reabilitação (IMREA) rehabilitation program, were included. Clinical and neurophysiological assessments were conducted, focusing on CPM, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and the SF-36 health survey. BMI was stratified into two categories based on the mean BMI of 31.99 kg/m2, and linear regression models were used to evaluate BMI as an effect modifier in the relationship between CPM and clinical outcomes. p-values below 0.10 for interaction terms (CPM × BMI) indicated effect modification. Results: In participants with BMI < 31.99 kg/m2, increased CPM was significantly associated with improved depression scores (lower HDRS) and enhanced physical functioning, emotional well-being, and reduced limitations due to emotional problems (SF-36). In contrast, no significant associations between CPM and these outcomes were found in participants with BMI ≥ 31.99 kg/m2. The results suggest that a higher BMI disrupts the salutogenic effects of endogenous pain control, diminishing the beneficial associations between CPM and both physical and psychological outcomes, as previously observed in fibromyalgia patients. Conclusions: BMI acts as an effect modifier in the relationship between CPM and clinical outcomes in individuals with KOA. Obesity appears to hinder the beneficial relationships between clinical symptoms and CPM, leading to a less favorable link between physical and emotional functioning and CPM. These findings highlight the importance of considering BMI in treatment strategies for KOA, particularly when addressing the impact of lifestyle and other modifiable factors that influence pain modulation.
Laser Application for Periodontal Surgical Therapy: A Literature Review
Authors: Zisis Stefanos , Zisis Vasileios , Braun Andreas
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The aim of this article is to examine the effectiveness and capabilities of laser use in periodontal surgical therapy by analyzing the existing literature that focuses on laser use alone or as a supplement to the already existing periodontal surgical techniques, comparing it to conventional periodontal surgical therapy, with the intent to reach a better understanding of the efficiency and therapeutic potential of lasers in periodontal surgery. Methods: An electronic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed between October 2023 and December 2023 to identify all of the articles published in the last 15 years and investigate information about the application of Diode, Erbium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Er:YAG), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and Neodymium yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers to surgical periodontal therapy in human trials. Results: The database search yielded 18 studies. All of the databases showed a clinical improvement in pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), and bleeding on probing (BOP) in both the test and control groups, with results from five articles showing statistically better PD reduction in the laser group compared to the control group. CAL gain was statistically higher in the laser group in six articles, while one study indicated better PD and CAL results in the control group. Improved GR reduction with a laser was noted in two articles, while one article reported a negative influence from a laser in GR. BOP was significantly better with laser in one study, while the remaining two studies reported the same results as the control group. Conclusions: Laser application in resective surgery exhibits additional benefits to the already established techniques, while in regenerative surgery, more investigation is needed. Diode laser use in periodontal surgery is already widespread and shows clinical efficacy, while low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has an exceptional potential for a variety of applications, promoting better wound healing and less post-surgical complications. However, more trials and studies are needed to further examine the maximum efficiency of each laser type in periodontal surgical therapy.
The Integration of Salivary pH Meters and Artificial Intelligence in the Early Diagnosis and Management of Dental Caries in Pediatric Dentistry: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sgiea Eliza Denisa , Cristache Corina Marilena , Mihut Tamara , Drafta Sergiu , Beuran Irina Adriana
Published: February 2025

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions among children globally. Salivary pH monitoring, an essential diagnostic parameter, plays a critical role in understanding caries risk and oral health. This scoping review aims to evaluate the application of digital salivary pH meters in pediatric dentistry, particularly in caries diagnosis and prevention, while exploring the potential integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in this domain. Methods: A literature search was conducted across the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for studies published between 2014 and 2024. The inclusion criteria focused on clinical studies involving children aged 1 to 18 years and the use of digital salivary pH meters. Studies that utilized AI in conjunction with salivary pH monitoring were also reviewed. Data were extracted and analyzed to assess the effectiveness of pH meters in caries detection and their role in broader oral health applications. Results: Out of 549 articles screened, 11 met the inclusion criteria. The review highlighted the utility of digital pH meters for assessing caries risk, monitoring dietary impacts, and evaluating the effectiveness of preventive treatments. However, none of the studies combined salivary pH monitoring with AI. Emerging technologies, such as smartphone-based pH sensors, have demonstrated promising applications for real-time, non-invasive diagnostics. Conclusions: Digital salivary pH meters provide precise and reproducible measurements, significantly enhancing caries risk assessment and preventive strategies in pediatric dentistry. While AI integration remains unexplored in this context, its potential to refine risk prediction models and personalize treatments underscores the need for future research in this area. These advancements could improve caries prevention and management, enhancing pediatric oral health outcomes.
Comparison of Media for the Detection of Campylobacter jejuni Using a Commercial RT-PCR System
Authors: Olson Elena G. , Bodie Aaron R. , Tarcin Haley A. , Rubinelli Peter M. , Applegate Savannah F. , Stephens Tyler P. , Rothrock Michael J. , Ricke Steven C.
Published: February 2025

The accurate quantification of Campylobacter jejuni in poultry samples is critical for ensuring food safety and compliance with regulatory standards. This study evaluated the performance of three enrichment media—Mueller–Hinton Broth (MHB), Bolton’s Blood-Free Broth 2x (BFBB2x), and Buffered Peptone Water (BPW)—in supporting C. jejuni detection and quantification using the BAX® Q7-RT PCR system and traditional plate count methods. Results demonstrated high reliability across all media types, with BFBB2x and MHB showing the strongest correlations (R2 = 0.99) for the BAX® system. BFBB2x exhibited the lowest RMSE (0.13), while MHB balanced precision (RMSE = 0.4) with sensitivity. For plate counts, MHB and BPW achieved the highest correlations (R2 = 0.99) and precision (RMSE = 0.26), with MHB demonstrating the lowest detection limit (2.56 log10 CFU/mL) compared to BFBB2x (2.93 log10 CFU/mL) and BPW (3.31 log10 CFU/mL). The findings underscore MHB’s robustness as an enrichment medium, offering consistent performance across both molecular and culture-based methods. The current study supports MHB as the more effective medium for the reliable and precise quantification of C. jejuni in poultry-associated matrices, highlighting its utility in minimizing contamination risks and enhancing food safety. Future research should explore its applicability in diverse poultry products and production environments.
Clinical and Public Health Challenge of Handling Synthetic Cathinone and Cannabinoid Abuse in Pediatric Care: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ricci Valerio , Maina Giuseppe
Published: February 2025

Background: Synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids have emerged as significant public health concerns, particularly in pediatric populations. Marketed under deceptive names such as “bath salts” and “K2/Spice”, these substances pose unique challenges due to their accessibility, potency, and unpredictable effects. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on the toxicological effects of synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids in pediatric patients, emphasizing clinical presentations, management challenges, and public health implications. Methods: A structured narrative review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases to identify peer-reviewed studies published between January 2010 and September 2024. The selected articles focus on neuropsychiatric, systemic, and management outcomes associated with these substances in individuals aged 0–18 years. Results: Five studies demonstrate that synthetic cathinones frequently cause seizures, sympathomimetic toxidrome (tachycardia, hypertension), and neuropsychiatric effects like paranoia and catatonia. Seven studies show synthetic cannabinoids induce psychosis, respiratory depression requiring ventilation in 12% of cases, and cardiovascular complications like myocardial ischemia. One study highlighted severe outcomes in pediatric accidental exposures, emphasizing the unpredictable and life-threatening effects of these substances, often exacerbated by co-ingestion with alcohol or THC. Conclusions: Pediatric exposure to synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids results in severe and unpredictable toxicological effects, necessitating tailored clinical management strategies and enhanced diagnostic capabilities. Public health measures, including stringent regulatory controls, targeted education initiatives, and robust surveillance systems, are critical to mitigating these risks. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to safeguard vulnerable pediatric populations from the escalating dangers posed by synthetic drugs, and future research must address the long-term impacts and mechanisms of toxicity.
Design, Synthesis, and Computational Evaluation of 3,4-Dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-One Analogues as Potential VEGFR2 Inhibitors in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Buhlak Shafeek , Abad Nadeem , Akachar Jihane , Saffour Sana , Kesgun Yunus , Dik Sevval , Yasin Betul , Bati-Ayaz Gizem , Hanashalshahaby Essam , Türkez Hasan , Mardinoglu Adil
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive and deadly brain tumour, presents significant challenges in achieving effective treatment due to its resistance to current therapies and poor prognosis. This study aimed to synthesise and evaluate 23 novel analogues of 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one, designed to enhance druggability and solubility, and to investigate their potential as VEGFR2 inhibitors for GBM treatment. Methods: The synthesised compounds were analysed using in silico methods, including molecular docking and dynamics studies, to assess their interactions with key residues within the VEGFR2 binding pocket. In vitro evaluations were performed on U87-MG and U138-MG GBM cell lines using MTT assays to determine the IC50 values of the compounds. Results: Among the tested compounds, 4u (IC50 = 7.96 μM), 4t (IC50 = 10.48 μM), 4m (IC50 = 4.20 μM), and 4q (IC50 = 8.00 μM) demonstrated significant antiproliferative effects against both the U87-MG and U138-MG cell lines. These compounds exhibited markedly higher efficacy compared to temozolomide (TMZ), which showed IC50 values of 92.90 μM and 93.09 μM for U87-MG and U138-MG, respectively. Molecular docking and dynamics studies confirmed strong interactions between the compounds and VEGFR2 kinase, supporting their substantial anti-cancer activity. Conclusions: This study highlights the promising potential of 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one analogues, particularly 4m, 4q, 4t, and 4u, as VEGFR2-targeting therapeutic agents for GBM treatment. Further detailed research is warranted to validate and expand upon these findings.
Recent Advances in Homogeneous Integration of Emitting Structures on a Silicon Platform
Authors: Kovalev Michael , Podlesnykh Ivan , Krasin George , Dolzhenko Nikita , Kudryashov Sergey
Published: February 2025

The development of planar integrated systems using silicon as the main material for the near-infrared spectral region is an important area of research due to its favourable properties, such as high compatibility with existing CMOS semiconductor technology and economic efficiency. However, the indirect bandgap of silicon (Eg = 1.12 eV) poses difficulties for efficient inter-band emission, requiring innovative approaches to the integration of light-emitting devices on silicon platforms. One of the main strategies to overcome the limitations of silicon for light emission consists of heterogeneous integration methods, including the use of quantum cascade structures and narrow-gap semiconductors, as well as non-linear light generation. However, these methods are often associated with serious drawbacks, such as fabrication complexity and integration problems, which can hinder the achievement of scalability and reliability. This paper presents a comprehensive review of existing approaches for homogeneous integration of light sources on a silicon platform. Future research should focus on optimising these integration methods to maximise the potential of silicon in the near-infrared spectrum.
Quasi-Invariance of Scattering Properties of Multicellular Cyanobacterial Aggregates
Authors: Ma Chunyang , Lu Qian , Tong Yen Wah
Published: February 2025

The radiative/scattering properties of cyanobacterial aggregates are crucial for understanding microalgal cultivation. This study analyzed the scattering matrix elements and cross-sections of cyanobacterial aggregates using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method. A stochastic random walk approach was adopted to generate a force-biased packing model for multicellular filamentous cyanobacterial aggregates. The effects of the shape and size of multicellular cyanobacterial aggregates on their scattering properties were investigated in this work. The possibility of invariance in the scattering properties of cyanobacterial aggregates was explored. The invariance interpretation intuitively represented the radiative property characteristics of the aggregates. The presented results show that the ratios of the matrix elements of cyanobacterial aggregates are nearly shape-, size-, and wavelength-invariant. The extinction and absorption cross-sections (EACSs) per unit volume exhibited shape and approximate size invariance for cyanobacterial aggregates, respectively. The absorption cross-section of aggregates is not merely a volumetric phenomenon for aggregates that exceed a certain size. Furthermore, the absorption cross-sections per unit volume are independent of the volumetric distribution of the microalgae cells. The invariance interpretation presents crucial characteristics of the scattering properties of cyanobacterial aggregates. The existence of invariance greatly improves our understanding of the scattering properties of microalgal aggregates. The scattering properties of microalgal aggregates are the most critical aspects of light propagation in the design, optimization, and operation of photobioreactors.
Polymers for Osmotic Self-Inflating Expanders in Oral Surgical Procedures: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Hernandez Alejandro Elizalde , Bahr Natália Link , Blois Matheus Coelho , Cuevas-Suarez Carlos Enrique , Piva Evandro , Santos Mateus Bertolini Fernandes dos , Peña Carla Lucia David , Lund Rafael Guerra
Published: February 2025

Soft-tissue expansion is a critical challenge in regenerative oral surgeries. This scoping review maps the research on polymers used in osmotic self-inflating expanders, assessing their applications, characteristics, and potential in oral surgical procedures. The study analyzed 19 articles from the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases, primarily focusing on in vivo research (78.9%) investigating polymeric tissue expanders. The review examined polymer compositions, methodologies, and tissue responses across various animal models. Osmed® hydrogel was the most studied material, with research exploring its expansion capabilities in rabbits, goats, pigs, rats, and beagle dogs. The findings showed diverse tissue expansion ranges and minimal inflammatory responses, indicating the potential for oral surgical applications. Despite promising results, gaps such as inconsistent expansion measurements and the lack of standardized protocols were identified. These findings highlight the need for further research to develop new polymer formulations and optimize device design to enhance safety, efficacy, and clinical predictability. This review provides a foundation for advancing polymeric tissue expander technologies, offering the potential for safer and more effective minimally invasive regenerative oral surgeries.
Comprehensive Review: Technological Approaches, Properties, and Applications of Pure and Reinforced Polyamide 6 (PA6) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) Composite Materials
Authors: Kohutiar Marcel , Kakošová Lucia , Krbata Michal , Janík Róbert , Fekiač Jozef Jaroslav , Breznická Alena , Eckert Maroš , Mikuš Pavol , Timárová Ľudmila
Published: February 2025

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyamide 12 (PA12) composites fabricated using additive manufacturing technologies such as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Multi Jet Fusion (MJF). It focuses on the mechanical properties, preparation processes, and the influence of technological parameters on the final material characteristics. PA6 is characterized by a higher degree of crystallinity, contributing to its strength and resistance to high temperatures, whereas PA12 exhibits a more amorphous structure, offering better dimensional stability and lower moisture absorption. The article examines these properties and their implications for the use of composites in various applications. Applications of PA6 and PA12 composites span a wide range of industries, including automotive, aerospace, and electronics, where they provide a combination of high strength, wear resistance, and chemical stability. Mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and toughness, are analyzed within the context of modern manufacturing processes, with MJF technology delivering more homogeneous properties compared to traditional methods. The preparation process of these composites involves optimizing temperature, cooling rates, and material layering, which significantly impact the final properties and the applicability of the composites.
Fast Detection of Uric Acid in Urine for Early Diagnosis Using THz Polarized Waves
Authors: Mazaheri Zahra , Federico Giorgia , Koral Can , Papari Gian Paolo , Ullatil Lakshmi , Russo Paolo , Andreone Antonello
Published: February 2025

Towards new and improved techniques in liquid biopsy for the diagnosis of diseases, this study reports experimental evidence of a rapid and reliable method based on terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopic ellipsometry (TDSE) for the early diagnosis of kidney-related diseases, using the detection of uric acid (UA) content in urine. Employing a custom-built THz-TDSE system, we analyzed the absorption and dispersion response of synthetic urine samples with varying concentrations of UA. The technique provides a prompt indication of UA presence and concentration, thanks to the sensitivity of THz waves to intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding. The results clearly show a linear correlation between the UA concentration and changes in the absorption spectra of urine in the frequency window 0.2–1.2 THz, with the minimum detectable UA concentration being approximately close to the upper limit of normal UA levels in urine. The increase in the absorption coefficient as a function of the UA concentration provides a means for a quantifiable measure of the UA biomarker in urine for assessing disease stage. This study proves that THz-TDSE is capable of detecting UA at concentrations relevant for early-stage diagnosis of renal diseases, with an estimated sensitivity of 0.2 g/L in the region where the material response is linear.
Cognitive Radio Networks: Technologies, Challenges and Applications
Authors: Xu Yang , Zheng Kechen , Liu Xiaoying , Li Zhao , Liu Jia
Published: February 2025

In recent years, Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) have emerged as a transformative solution to address the growing demand for wireless spectrum resources and the inefficiencies of traditional static spectrum allocation policies [...]
SSM-Net: Enhancing Compressed Sensing Image Reconstruction with Mamba Architecture and Fast Iterative Shrinking Threshold Algorithm Optimization
Authors: Gao Xianwei , Chen Bi , Yao Xiang , Yuan Ye
Published: February 2025

Compressed sensing (CS) is a powerful technique that can reduce data size while maintaining high reconstruction quality, which makes it particularly valuable in high-dimensional image applications. However, many existing methods have difficulty balancing reconstruction accuracy, computational efficiency, and fast convergence. To address these challenges, this paper proposes SSM-Net, a novel framework that combines the state-space modeling (SSM) of the Mamba architecture with the fast iterative shrinking threshold algorithm (FISTA). The Mamba-based SSM module can effectively capture local and global dependencies with linear computational complexity and significantly reduces the computation time compared to Transformer-based methods. In addition, the momentum update inspired by FISTA improves the convergence speed during deep iterative reconstruction. SSM-Net features a lightweight sampling module for efficient data compression, an initial reconstruction module for fast approximation, and a deep reconstruction module for iterative refinement. Extensive experiments on various benchmark datasets show that SSM-Net achieves state-of-the-art reconstruction performance while reducing both training and inference reconstruction time, making SSM-Net a scalable and practical solution for real-time applications of compressed sensing.
High-Performance Series-Fed Array Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Antenna for Millimeter-Wave 5G Networks
Authors: Alsaab Nabeel , Alhassoon Khaled , Alsaleem Fahd , Alsunaydih Fahad Nasser , Madbouly Sayed O. , Khaleel Sherif A. , Ameen Allam M. , Shaban Mahmoud
Published: February 2025

This research presents a high-performance design for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna intended for operation within the 28 GHz band. The four-port MIMO antenna configuration, featuring 1 × 8 series-fed arrays for each port, has demonstrated peak gains of 15.5 dBi and bandwidths of 2 GHz. This improved antenna performance results from carefully optimized antenna spacing and a decoupling approach involving well-designed metamaterial cells, effectively minimizing interference between antenna elements. The system exhibits remarkably low mutual coupling, measuring below −40 dB, with envelope correlation coefficients of 0.00010, diversity gains nearing 10 dB, and a channel loss capacity of 0.11 bit/s/Hz across the frequency spectrum under investigation. Experimental evaluations have confirmed these improvements, establishing the proposed design as a robust candidate suitable for a wide range of millimeter-wave communication systems.
Design of a Board-Level Integrated Multi-Channel Radio Frequency Source for the Transportable 40Ca+ Ion Optical Clock
Authors: Wang Bin , Yang Yuanhang , Zhang Huaqing , Hu Ruming , Mao Haicen , Huang Yao , Gao Kelin , Guan Hua
Published: February 2025

As one of the most precise timekeeping instruments ever developed, the optical clock will be used as the measuring equipment for the next generation of second definition. The demand for the miniaturization of optical clocks is progressively urgent. In this paper, a multi-channel radio frequency (RF) module with a 20% volume of the commercial module is designed and implemented for the transportable 40Ca+ ion optical clock. Based on the double-crystal oscillator interlocking technique, a 1 GHz low-phase noise reference source is developed for direct digital synthesis. Through the simulation and optimization of the signal link design, the frequency range of the low phase-noise RF signal can reach 0–400 MHz with a 4 μHz resolution. Through two-stage power amplifying with different kinds of filters, it can achieve an output power of up to +33 dBm (2 W) at 100 MHz with a 25 dB phase noise lower than the commercial module at 1 Hz, and its third harmonic suppression ratio has been reduced by more than 20 dB at the frequency point of 300 MHz. This multi-channel RF module is used for the power stability and timing control test of a 729 nm clock laser to meet the requirements of the transportable 40Ca+ optical clock. Additionally, this module can also be applied to other quantum systems such as the quantum absolute gravimeter, quantum gyroscopes, and quantum computers.
The Influence of Selected Herbicides on Soil Organic Matter: Determining the Sustainable Development of Agroecosystems
Authors: Mielnik Lilla , Bernacki Brajan , Weber Jerzy
Published: February 2025

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a key component of soil that determines the possibility of sustainable development of the environment by influencing, among other things, the binding and migration of elements in the soil. The properties of SOM are largely dependent on the properties of humic acids (HAs). New information about changes in their structure, determining their characteristics, can be obtained on the basis of their optical properties. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the selected herbicides on the optical properties of HAs indicating changes in their structure. HAs were extracted from the mollic horizon of different phaeozems. The effect of HA interaction with two herbicides was assessed using UV–Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence. The investigation indicated clear differences in the structure of the HA molecules investigated as a result of interaction with the herbicides used. Each herbicide showed a different effect, likely due to the adjuvants used, which enhanced or weakened the process of HA–herbicide–HA complex formation. The results obtained show that the different additives used in the commercial products strongly influence the ability of HA to bind pesticides.
Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology in the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain: The Impact on Competitive Advantage
Authors: Crooks Karen , Haddud Abubaker
Published: February 2025

Background: The potential sustainability perspective of RFID technology in business needs more exploration. This study investigated how RFID technology could enhance competitive advantage (CA) within the pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) and identified implementation barriers and solutions. Methods: Data were collected through an online survey from 58 professionals working in PSC roles, addressing three research questions. Results: Key areas for RFID adoption were identified as distribution (72.40%), warehousing (53.40%), reverse logistics (48.30%), and manufacturing (24.10%). Major concerns included the high cost of RFID devices (60.34%), limited industry understanding of RFID applications (58.62%), and the cost of supporting software (44.83%). RFID technology has the potential to improve CA by reducing costs and enhancing reliability, with budget and project management addressing the financial barriers. Conclusions: Insights from PSC practitioners provided a valuable empirical perspective, contributing both theoretically and practically to the limited existing literature on RFID in PSCs, specifically indicating where RFID can be used, what the expected key benefits are, and the expected challenges businesses need to overcome. This research benefits various PSC stakeholders, especially those focused on last-mile distribution by enhancing competitive advantages and creating and maintaining long-lasting business performance sustainability.
Spatial–Temporal Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors for the Coupling Coordinated Development of Transport Logistics and Technology
Authors: Song Qixia , Ji Shouwen , Deng Hanjing
Published: February 2025

In recent years, China’s transport logistics industry has experienced rapid development, driven by the technological advancements. But the coupling mechanism between transport logistics and technology is currently unclear, and there are likely regional differences. This study uses the entropy weight method, coupling coordination models and 20-year provincial panel data to measure the coupling coordinated development level of transport logistics and technology across 31 Chinese provinces (districts, cities). The spatial–temporal distribution, dynamic evolution, and regional differences in the coupling coordination development were analysed using kernel density estimation and the Moran index. Through the application of the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM), the mechanisms and spatial effects of selected influencing factors on the development levels are revealed. The results of this study revealed the following findings. (1) The levels of development in transport logistics and technology have consistently shown a positive upward trend with regional disparities. (2) Most provinces demonstrated a positive upward trend in the coupling coordinated development with a multi-polarised state. The overall level of coupling coordination is decreasing from east to west. In 2022, the difference between the highest and lowest coupling coordination degree between provinces is 0.78. (3) The national economy, industrial structure, urbanisation level, and consumption intensity have positive impacts on the coupling coordinated development of local regions. The findings of this study, which reveal positive trends and significant regional disparities, underscore the importance of formulating strategic plans tailored to local conditions to promote the coupled development of transport logistics and technology.
Towards Demographic Sustainability: Multi-Scale Spatiotemporal Evolution and Factors of Population Aging in the Bohai Rim Region
Authors: Qi Guangzhi , Wang Zhibao , Wang Chengxin
Published: February 2025

In recent years, population aging has started to profoundly affect the sustainable development of human society. Compared to developed countries, China faces a more pronounced challenge of “aging before affluence”. Based on data from China’s 5–7th national censuses, we selected relevant indicators such as the population aging rate and aging population growth rate to explore the multi-scale spatiotemporal evolution of population aging in the Bohai Rim Region during 2000–2020. On this basis, we classified the types of regional population aging. Representative indicators from two dimensions—population and socio-economic factors—were selected to analyze the driving factors of population aging using the Geodetector method. The results show that the degree of population aging exhibited a deepening trend in the Bohai Rim Region during 2000–2020, with its spatial clustering characteristics becoming increasingly pronounced. However, spatial clustering at the district and county scales was weaker than that at the prefectural scale. Overall, population aging exhibits a pattern whereby the eastern regions, centered on the Liaodong Peninsula and Jiaodong Peninsula, experience deeper levels of aging compared to the western regions. The growth rate of the aging population followed a declining trend across administrative divisions, in the order of urban districts, county-level cities, counties, and autonomous counties. At the prefectural, district, and county scales, demographic and socio-economic factors demonstrated significant influences, with population factors showing higher q-values than socio-economic factors. There are significant spillover effects of demographic and socio-economic factors on population aging in the BRR, with fertility, education, and urbanization being key drivers. Policy recommendations should focus on addressing regional disparities, with aging cities needing expanded care services and regions affected by out-migration requiring community-based care and better resource integration.
Modeling Tourism Demand in Turkey (2008–2024): Time-Series Approaches for Sustainable Growth
Authors: Bilek Günal
Published: February 2025

Tourism is a critical sector for economic growth and cultural exchange, particularly for destinations like Turkey, which consistently attracts millions of visitors annually. This study investigates the dynamics of tourism demand in Turkey between 2008 and 2024, with a focus on seasonality, long-term trends, and predictive modeling accuracy. Time-series data were analyzed, and the impacts of economic indicators and digital search trends were evaluated using SARIMA and SARIMAX models. The results demonstrate that the SARIMA models outperformed the SARIMAX models, highlighting the dominance of intrinsic seasonal patterns over external regressors, such as exchange rates and inflation. The findings emphasize that geographic proximity and cultural similarities drive consistent tourist flows, while behavioral data like Google Trends provide supplementary insights into demand shifts. However, economic variables showed limited short-term predictive power. These results underscore the importance of prioritizing time-series structures in forecasting frameworks while complementing them with behavioral indicators for enhanced accuracy. This study contributes to the literature by addressing a critical gap in understanding how various factors influence tourism demand in Turkey and offers practical implications for policymakers and tourism planners to optimize strategic planning and resource allocation, ensuring sustainable tourism growth. Future research should explore hybrid models that incorporate sentiment-driven data and cultural factors for more robust forecasting.
Looking for the Impact of Entrepreneurship on Regional Economic Resilience in China
Authors: Gao Yigong
Published: February 2025

In order to realize the sustainable development of a regional economy, it is necessary to explore the main influencing factors and effective ways to enhance regional economic resilience. Among them, active entrepreneurship helps an economy and society to quickly reorganize and resume normal production and life after being affected by external shocks so as to reflect better regional economic resilience and sustainability. However, the existing research results lack a discussion of the path-dependent characteristics of regional economic resilience. At the same time, most of them focus on the external impact at the macro level, while ignoring the impact of heterogeneous entrepreneurship as a kind of social culture. Thus, based on the general equilibrium theory of imperfectly competitive markets, this paper constructs a theoretical model and empirically examines the mechanism of the impact of entrepreneurship on the regional economic resilience of Chinese provinces before and after the global financial crisis in 2008. The findings reveal that proactive entrepreneurship significantly boosts regional economic resilience. Moreover, the entrepreneurial spirit and innovative spirit in entrepreneurship have differentiated effects on the technological correlation degree and complexity degree used to measure evolutionary economic resilience, respectively. The research conclusions provide supporting evidence and a policy reference for government and society to promote the “mass entrepreneurship and innovation” strategy and enhance regional economic resilience.
Sustainability in Question: Climate Risk, Environment, Social and Governance Performance, and Tax Avoidance
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan , Yuan Leihong , Ibrahim Idawati , Omar Ropidah
Published: February 2025

This study examines whether firm managers strategically use tax avoidance to address climate risks, with a specific focus on strategies employed to reduce corporate income tax liabilities, and this study incorporates the moderating role of ESG performance and is ground in stakeholder theory to highlight the balance between sustainability and corporate profit expectations. Using the secondary data from Chinese A-listed companies during 2017–2023, the findings reveal that firms increasingly adopt tax avoidance practices in response to rising climate risks. More specifically, strong ESG performance positively moderates this relationship, underscoring its role in shaping socially and ethically responsible strategies to tackle sustainability challenges. By employing panel data analysis and addressing endogeneity through instrumental variable tests, Propensity Score Matching, and the Heckman test, this study provides robust results. These findings contribute to the literature on tax avoidance and provide practical insights for actionable ESG initiatives. For firms, these include improving transparency in tax reporting and integrating sustainability metrics into corporate ESG framework for firms. For tax authority, they involve upgrading the tax-related big data supervision system and fostering alignment between corporate practices and government policies.