bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partially reduced graphene oxide based FRET on fiber-optic interferometer for biochemical detection
Authors: Yao B. C. , Wu Y. , Yu C. B. , He J. R. , Rao Y. J. , Gong Y. , Fu F. , Chen Y. F. , Li Y. R.
Published: March 2016

Fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) with naturally exceptional selectivity is a powerful technique and widely used in chemical and biomedical analysis. However, it is still challenging for conventional FRET to perform as a high sensitivity compact sensor. Here we propose a novel ‘FRET on Fiber’ concept, in which a partially reduced graphene oxide (prGO) film is deposited on a fiber-optic modal interferometer, acting as both the fluorescent quencher for the FRET and the sensitive cladding for optical phase measurement due to refractive index changes in biochemical detection. The target analytes induced fluorescence recovery with good selectivity and optical phase shift with high sensitivity are measured simultaneously. The functionalized prGO film coated on the fiber-optic interferometer shows high sensitivities for the detections of metal ion, dopamine and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), with detection limits of 1.2 nM, 1.3 μM and 1 pM, respectively. Such a prGO based ‘FRET on fiber’ configuration, bridging the FRET and the fiber-optic sensing technology, may serve as a platform for the realization of series of integrated ‘FRET on Fiber’ sensors for on-line environmental, chemical, and biomedical detection, with excellent compactness, high sensitivity, good selectivity and fast response
Designing graphene as a new frustrated Lewis pair catalyst for hydrogen activation by co-doping
Authors: Sun XiaoYing , Li Bo , Liu TianFu , Song Jian , Su Dang Sheng
Published: March 2016

Doping bilayer graphene: a new strategy for FLP catalysts.
Novel caffeine derivatives with antiproliferative activity
Authors: Andrs Martin , Muthna Darina , Rezacova Martina , Seifrtova Martina , Siman Pavel , Korabecny Jan , Benek Ondrej , Dolezal Rafael , Soukup Ondrej , Jun Daniel , Kuca Kamil
Published: March 2016

Beyond the psychoactive and cardiovascular effects of caffeine, this substance is also known for altering the cell's DNA damage response.
Effect of flameless catalytic infrared treatment on rancidity and bioactive compounds in wheat germ oil
Authors: Li Bo , Chen Hongjian , Sun Dewei , Deng Boxin , Xu Bin , Dong Ying , Li Jinwei , Wang Fei , Liu Yuanfa
Published: March 2016

FCIR was used to inhibit lipase and lipoxygenase activities of WG to extend its shelf life. FCIR inhibits rapid hydrolytic and oxidative rancidity of WG in minutes. The optimum water activity for inhibiting both hydrolytic and oxidative rancidity of WG is about 0.186.
Microwave-assisted solid state intercalation of Rhodamine B and polycarbazole in bentonite clay interlayer space: structural characterization and photophysics of double intercalation
Authors: Riaz Ufana , Ashraf S. M. , Kumar Saroj Sanjay , Zeeshan Mohd , Jadoun Sapana
Published: March 2016

Intercalation of organic moieties in layered double hydroxides/clays has been used to obtain various hybrid compounds with enhanced properties and wide ranging applications.
Improving the properties of VTP by incorporating fullerene
Authors: Ahmad Makinudin Abdullah Haaziq , Supangat Azzuliani
Published: March 2016

In this study, fabrication of vanadyl 3,10,17,24-tetra-tert-butyl-1,8,15,22-tetrakis(dimethylamino)-29H,31H-phthalocyanine (VTP):[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) composite nanotubes is proven to be successful.
Pulsed laser assisted growth of aligned nanowires of WO3: role of interface with substrate
Authors: Ghatak Ankita , Roy Moulik Samik , Ghosh Barnali
Published: March 2016

We report here a systematic study of the growth of aligned WO3 (002)-oriented nanowires (NWs) on a (111)-oriented platinised silicon substrate using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method.
The design and synthesis of porous NiCo2O4 ellipsoids supported by flexile carbon nanotubes with enhanced lithium-storage properties for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Mo Yudi , Ru Qiang , Song Xiong , Chen Junfen , Hou Xianhua , Hu Shejun , Guo Lingyun
Published: March 2016

The as-prepared 3D porous NiCo2O4 ellipsoids supported by flexile carbon nanotubes nanowire arrays show high reversible capacity, excellent cycling stability, and good rate capability when used as an anode material for LIBs.
Can solvent induced surface modifications applied to screen-printed platforms enhance their electroanalytical performance?
Authors: Blanco Elias , Foster Christopher W. , Cumba Loanda R. , do Carmo Devaney R. , Banks Craig E.
Published: March 2016

In this paper the effect of solvent induced chemical surface enhancements upon graphitic screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are critically benchmarked.
Visible light-promoted radical cyclization of silicon-tethered alkyl iodide and phenyl alkyne. An efficient approach to synthesize benzosilolines
Authors: Lin Xinglong , Gan Zubao , Lu Ji , Su Zhishan , Hu Changwei , Zhang Yuebao , Wu Ya , Gao Lu , Song Zhenlei
Published: March 2016

An efficient approach to synthesize benzosiloline has been developed using a visible light-promoted radical cyclization reaction of silicon-tethered alkyl iodide and phenyl alkyne.
Transition from exohedral to endohedral structures of AuGen− (n = 2–12) clusters: photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations
Authors: Lu Sheng-Jie , Hu Lian-Rui , Xu Xi-Ling , Xu Hong-Guang , Chen Hui , Zheng Wei-Jun
Published: March 2016

AuGe12− has an Ih symmetric endohedral icosahedral structure. It also shows 3D aromaticity.
Fluorescent carbon nano dots from lignite: unveiling the impeccable evidence for quantum confinement
Authors: Kumar Thiyagarajan Senthil , Raghupathy Suresh , Palanivel Dharmalingam , Raji Kaviyarasan , Ramamurthy Perumal
Published: March 2016

Pulsed laser ablation of lignite in EDA solution exfoliates CDs (CD3) which exhibit the influence of quantum size effect in tuning the optical band gap of CDs.
A multimetallic iron(ii)–lithium complex as a catalyst for ε-caprolactone polymerization
Authors: Geng Chao , Peng Ying , Wang Lijuan , Roesky Herbert W. , Liu Kaipeng
Published: March 2016

Treatment of the lithium salt of β-ketimine with FeCl2(THF)1.5in the presence of LiN(SiMe3)2and water affords the multimetallic iron(ii)–lithium complex1, [(LMe)2Fe]3Li2O [where LMe= MeC(O)CHC(NMe)Me].
Optically active P5-deltacyclenes: selective oxidation, ligand properties, and a diastereoselective rearrangement reaction
Authors: Keller I. C. , Bauer W. , Heinemann F. W. , Höhn C. , Rohwer L. , Zenneck U.
Published: March 2016

Tuning the ligand properties of chiral P–C cage compounds: selective mono oxidation of P5-deltacyclene opens the gate to a phosphinious acid ligand.
Docking and molecular dynamics simulation study of EGFR1 with EGF-like peptides to understand molecular interactions
Authors: Sudhakar D. Raja , P. Kalaiarasan , Subbarao Naidu
Published: March 2016

Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) are oncogenes, which regulate the expression of genes in various pathways, allowing cells to grow and divide.
Optimization of fluorescent 8-heteroaryl-guanine probes for monitoring protein-mediated duplex → G-quadruplex exchange
Authors: Fadock Kaila L. , Manderville Richard A. , Sharma Purshotam , Wetmore Stacey D.
Published: March 2016

In this study, we describe the thermal and optical properties of the thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) that has been modified at syn-G-tetrad postions with fluorescent 8-heteroaryl-2′-deoxyguanosine derivatives that light-up upon thrombin binding.
The role of local chemical hardness and van der Waals interactions in the anionic polymerization of alkyl cyanoacrylates
Authors: Ablat Hayrensa , Povey Ian , O'Kane Ruairí , Cahill Sabine , Elliott Simon D.
Published: March 2016

The polymers are stabilized appreciably by intra-chain dispersion forces. Localization of negative charge imparts sufficient local hardness for polymerization to continue independently of chain length.
H2O/air plasma-functionalized carbon nanotubes decorated with MnO2 for glucose sensing
Authors: Vesali-Naseh Masoud , Khodadadi Abbas Ali , Mortazavi Yadollah , Moosavi-Movahedi Ali Akbar , Ostrikov Ken
Published: March 2016

MnO2 NPs were decorated on the DBD plasma-functionalized MWCNTs in H2O vapor-saturated air for glucose detection.
Synthesis of hybrid carbon spheres@nitrogen-doped graphene/carbon nanotubes and their oxygen reduction activity performance
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Li Hejun , Li Kezhi , Wei Jianfeng , Fu Qiangang
Published: March 2016

The hybrid architecture of carbon spheres@nitrogen-doped graphene/carbon nanotubes (CS@N-G/CNT) was synthesized by a hydrothermal and ultrasonic-assisted method.
Carrier-free co-immobilization of xylanase, cellulase and β-1,3-glucanase as combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates (combi-CLEAs) for one-pot saccharification of sugarcane bagasse
Authors: Periyasamy Karthik , Santhalembi Laishram , Mortha Gérard , Aurousseau Marc , Subramanian Sivanesan
Published: March 2016

Combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates (combi-CLEAs) of xylanase, cellulase and β-1,3-glucanase.
Amine-functionalized metal–organic frameworks: structure, synthesis and applications
Authors: Lin Yichao , Kong Chunlong , Chen Liang
Published: March 2016

We present a review on some recent studies on the syntheses, structures and properties of amine-functionalized MOFs, and highlight the benefits of amino functionality towards potential applications in CO2 capture, membranes and catalysis.
Facile synthesis of Fe-MOF/RGO and its application as a high performance anode in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Jin Yan , Zhao Chongchong , Sun Zixu , Lin Yichao , Chen Liang , Wang Deyu , Shen Cai
Published: March 2016

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite were used as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
Facile synthesis and evaluation of quercetin reduced and dextran sulphate stabilized gold nanoparticles decorated with folic acid for active targeting against breast cancer
Authors: Devendiran Raja Modhugoor , Chinnaiyan Senthil kumar , Yadav Narra Kishore , Ramanathan Giriprasath , Singaravelu Sivakumar , Perumal Paramasivan Thirumalai , Sivagnanam Uma Tirichurapalli
Published: March 2016

The synthesized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) exhibited higher potential to induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase with better therapeutic activity against cancer cells but also leads to reduction in the toxic effect of cancer drugs on normal cells.
Highly enhanced leukemia therapy and oral bioavailability from a novel amphiphilic prodrug of cytarabine
Authors: Liu Jing , Liu Jing , Zhao Dujuan , Ma Naxin , Luan Yuxia
Published: March 2016

Highly enhanced leukemia therapy and oral bioavailability are demonstrated for a new amphiphilic prodrug of cytarabine.
Highly efficient and selective hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzenes to chloroanilines by H2 over confined silver nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Lini , Xing Lina , Cheng Cunxia , Xia Lixin , Liu Hongyang
Published: March 2016

The Ag NPs with sizes ranging form 5–6 nm confined into SBA-15 show a very good activity and robust recycle ability for hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzenes to the corresponding chloroanilines by H2, comparing with that of the traditional SiO2 supported Ag catalysts.
Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of γ-aryl α,γ-dioxo-butyric acid esters
Authors: Mo Yuan-Zhao , Nie Hui-Fang , Lei Yang , Zhang Dong-Xu , Li Xiao-Ye , Zhang Sheng-Yong , Wang Qiao-Feng
Published: March 2016

Six ferrocene-based chiral ligands were prepared and applied in ATH reaction of multiple-carbonyl compounds as RuCl(p-cymene)[Ts-DPEN] did.
Photoelectrochemical properties of PbS quantum dot sensitized TiO2 nanorods photoelectrodes
Authors: Yu Limin , Jia Junhong , Yi Gewen , Han Minmin
Published: March 2016

Cross-sectional view FESEM images of (a) TiO2 NRs, (b) PbS(4)/TiO2 NRs (the insets show the top-view of the corresponding cross-sectional view FESEM images). 3D schematic diagrams of (c) TiO2 NRs, (d) PbS(4)/TiO2 NRs.
Interaction of imidazolium based ionic liquids with Triton X-100 micelles: investigating the role of the counter ion and chain length
Authors: Thakkar Khushbu , Patel Vijay , Ray Debes , Pal Haridas , Aswal Vinod K. , Bahadur Pratap
Published: March 2016

Size and shape of Triton X-100 micelles can easily be controlled by the appropriate selection of ionic liquids with varying hydrophobicity.
Fabrication of a reversible SnS2/RGO nanocomposite for high performance lithium storage
Authors: Yan Shancheng , Li Keyu , Lin Zixia , Song Haizeng , Jiang Tian , Wu Jiansheng , Shi Yi
Published: March 2016

Herein, we report a facile solvothermal synthesis of reversible SnS2/RGO nanocomposites with improved reversibility in Li+ storage.
Liquid exfoliation of layered metal sulphide for enhanced photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoclusters and DFT study
Authors: Zhang Weiping , Xiao Xinyan , Li Yang , Zeng Xingye , Zheng Lili , Wan Caixia
Published: March 2016

A facile and effective liquid exfoliation solvothermal method for fabricating TiO2/LMS (LMS = MoS2, WS2 or SnS2) photocatalysts has been developed.
Evolution of iron species for promoting the catalytic performance of FeZSM-5 in phenol oxidation
Authors: Luo Lei , Dai Chengyi , Zhang Anfeng , Wang Junhu , Song Chunshan , Guo Xinwen
Published: March 2016

Facile modification of FeZSM-5 utilizing an organic directing agent (ODA) for iron species evolution toward better Fenton activity was developed.
Structural diversity in metal–organic nanoparticles based on iron isopropoxide treated lignin
Authors: Lintinen Kalle , Latikka Mika , Sipponen Mika Henrikki , Ras Robin H. A. , Österberg Monika , Kostiainen Mauri A.
Published: March 2016

The magnetic nature of iron-containing nanoparticles enables multiple high-end applications.
Carbonyl iron coated with a sulfobetaine moiety as a biocompatible system and the magnetorheological performance of its silicone oil suspensions
Authors: Mrlík Miroslav , Ilčíková Markéta , Cvek Martin , Pavlínek Vladimír , Zahoranová Anna , Kroneková Zuzana , Kasak Peter
Published: March 2016

In this study, surface modification of carbonyl iron (CI) particles with sulfobetaine moieties (SBE) was performed by the silanization of activated CI to form stable CI–SBE particles.
Propylene oxide as a dehydrating agent: potassium carbonate-catalyzed carboxylative cyclization of propylene glycol with CO2 in a polyethylene glycol/CO2 biphasic system
Authors: Diao Zhen-Feng , Zhou Zhi-Hua , Guo Chun-Xiang , Yu Bing , He Liang-Nian
Published: March 2016

Propylene carbonate was directly prepared in 78% yield from 1,2-propylene glycol and CO2 in polyethylene glycol/CO2 biphasic system promoted by K2CO3 with propylene oxide as the dehydrating agent.
High-performance nickel cobalt sulfide materials via low-cost preparation for advanced asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Shaolan , Li Wei , Xin Lipeng , Wu Ming , Lou Xiaojie
Published: March 2016

First report the nickel cobalt sulfides electrode materials through a facile, convenient and low cost coprecipitation method. The as-fabricated asymmetric device exhibits high energy density (44.44 W h kg−1 at 954.14 W kg−1) and good cycling stability.
Dy3+ doped thermally stable garnet-based phosphors: luminescence improvement by changing the host-lattice composition and co-doping Bi3+
Authors: Tian Lu , Shen Jialin , Xu Tian , Wang Lixi , Zhang Le , Zhang Jing , Zhang Qitu
Published: March 2016

Better luminescence of Dy3+ in the garnet matrix were synthesized via sol–gel combustion method through the synergistic effect by co-doping the sensitizer of Bi3+ and changing the composition of the matrix via replacing gadolinium with different contents of Y3+.
In situ prepared V2O5/graphene hybrid as a superior cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Mateti Srikanth , Rahman Md Mokhlesur , Li Lu Hua , Cai Qiran , Chen Ying
Published: March 2016

Developing synthetic methods for graphene based cathode materials, with low cost and in an environmentally friendly way, is necessary for industrial production.
Effects of nonionic surfactant on the parasitic corrosion of lithium anode in lithium–water battery
Authors: Deyab M. A.
Published: March 2016

The use of a nonionic surfactant, namely cocamide diethanol amine (CDA), as a parasitic inhibitor for lithium corrosion in 4.0 M LiOH aqueous solution has been evaluated in the 298–313 K temperature range.
An inorganic–organic hybrid material made of a silica-immobilized Schiff base receptor and its preliminary use in heavy metal removal
Authors: Radi Smaail , Toubi Yahya , Bacquet Maryse , Degoutin Stéphanie , Mabkhot Yahia N. , Garcia Yann
Published: March 2016

A novel and excellent host for heavy metals was synthesized by chemical immobilization of a (E)-4-((pyridin-2-yl-methylene)amino)phenol Schiff base receptor onto silica particles.
Copper-catalyzed N-formylation of amines with CO2 under ambient conditions
Authors: Zhang Suqi , Mei Qingqing , Liu Hangyu , Liu Huizhen , Zhang Zepeng , Han Buxing
Published: March 2016

N-Formylation of amines with CO2 and PhSiH3 catalyzed by a copper complex.
Selective homodimerization of unprotected peptides using hybrid hydroxydimethylsilane derivatives
Authors: Echalier Cécile , Kalistratova Aleksandra , Ciccione Jérémie , Lebrun Aurélien , Legrand Baptiste , Naydenova Emilia , Gagne Didier , Fehrentz Jean-Alain , Marie Jacky , Amblard Muriel , Mehdi Ahmad , Martinez Jean , Subra Gilles
Published: March 2016

A straightforward way to dimerize unprotected peptide sequences is presented; it relies on a chemoselective condensation of hybrid peptides bearing a hydroxydimethylsilyl group at a chosen position to generate siloxane bonds upon freeze-drying.
Mechanistic studies and radiofluorination of structurally diverse pharmaceuticals with spirocyclic iodonium(iii) ylides
Authors: Rotstein Benjamin H. , Wang Lu , Liu Richard Y. , Patteson Jon , Kwan Eugene E. , Vasdev Neil , Liang Steven H.
Published: March 2016

Theoretical studies provide insight into radiofluorination of non-activated electron-rich and sterically hindered 18F-arenes using a new class of adamantyl-based spirocyclic iodonium(iii) ylide precursors.
Symmetric pseudocapacitors based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-modified carbon nanospheres: correlating physicochemistry and synergistic interaction on energy storage
Authors: Khawula Tobile N. Y. , Raju Kumar , Franklyn Paul J. , Sigalas Iakovos , Ozoemena Kenneth I.
Published: March 2016

Flower-like MoS2modified with carbon nanospheres (CNS) displays energy-storage capability when used as an aqueous symmetric pseudocapacitor.
Power allocation optimisation for high throughput with mixed spectrum access based on interference evaluation strategy in cognitive relay networks
Authors: Jiang Xianyang , Shen Lei , Xu Xiaorong , Bao Jianrong , Yao Yu‐Dong , Zhao Zhijin
Published: March 2016

By introducing amplify‐and‐forward relaying into a cognitive radio system, typical cognitive relay networks are studied for the optimisation problems of the spectrum and power allocation. By applying the mixed spectrum access of overlay and underlay approaches, an interference evaluation strategy is proposed to use different spectrum and power allocation methods while the secondary users (SUs) are located in different service regions of the primary users (PUs). In the interference evaluation strategy, the service area of the PUs is divided according to the possible interference strength of the PUs from the SUs compared with the location‐aware strategy in which the service area is divided only by the location information. An optimal power allocation algorithm is developed to maximise the throughput of the SUs under the condition of anti‐interference performance of the PUs and the total power constraints of the SUs. A type of computing algorithm that joins the subgradient and the Newton's method is used in order to resolve the complex optimisation problem. Numerical results show that the performance using the interference evaluation strategy, such as the throughput, the power consumption, and the energy efficiency, outperforms that using the location‐aware strategy.
Contextualised learning‐free three‐dimensional body pose estimation from two‐dimensional body features in monocular images
Authors: Unzueta Luis , Aranjuelo Nerea , Goenetxea Jon , Rodriguez Mikel , Linaza Maria Teresa
Published: March 2016

In this study, the authors present a learning‐free method for inferring kinematically plausible three‐dimensional (3D) human body poses contextualised in a predefined 3D world, given a set of 2D body features extracted from monocular images. This contextualisation has the advantage of providing further semantic information about the observed scene. Their method consists of two main steps. Initially, the camera parameters are obtained by adjusting the reference floor of the predefined 3D world to four key‐points in the image. Then, the person's body part lengths and pose are estimated by fitting a parametrised multi‐body 3D kinematic model to 2D image body features, which can be located by state‐of‐the‐art body part detectors. The adjustment is carried out by a hierarchical optimisation procedure, where the model's scale variations are considered first and then the body part lengths are refined. At each iteration, tentative poses are inferred by a combination of efficient perspective‐n‐point camera pose estimation and constrained viewpoint‐dependent inverse kinematics. Experimental results show that their method obtains good results in terms of accuracy with respect to state‐of‐the‐art alternatives, but without the need of learning 2D/3D mapping models from training data. Their method works efficiently, allowing its integration in video soft sensing systems.
Network partitioning strategy for parallel power system restoration
Authors: Sun Lei , Zhang Can , Lin Zhenzhi , Wen Fushuan , Xue Yusheng , Salam Md. Abdus , Ang Swee Peng
Published: March 2016

Parallel restoration is an efficient way to speed up the restoration process after a wide‐area outage or a complete blackout of a power system. To implement efficient parallel restoration, an appropriate network partitioning method is necessary. Given this background, a two‐step network partitioning strategy for parallel power system restoration is presented. In order to minimise the restoration time of generating units, a grouping model for non‐black‐start units is developed first. Based on the graph theory, a power network partitioning model is presented with the objectives of minimising the number of the interconnected lines and maximising the electrical distance of the interconnected lines among different restoration subsystems. The well‐established AMPL/CPLEX is employed to solve the developed optimisation models. Finally, the IEEE New England 10‐unit 39‐bus system and a part of Zhejiang provincial power system in China are employed to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed models.
Adaptive under‐voltage load shedding scheme for large interconnected smart grids based on wide area synchrophasor measurements
Authors: Adewole Adeyemi Charles , Tzoneva Raynitchka , Apostolov Alexander
Published: March 2016

The existing local protection schemes for undervoltage protection in power systems are not engineered to protect the system against wide area disturbances. Therefore, system integrity protection schemes (SIPS) designed to preserve the integrity of the system are required. This study proposes a new response‐based SIPS for adaptive undervoltage load shedding (UVLS) in large interconnected systems based on the IEEE C37.118.1‐2011 synchrophasor measurements from widely dispersed phasor measurement units (PMUs) synchronised to the reference time of the global positioning system. The control signals to shed the feeder loads are based on high‐speed IEC 61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event messages. The proposed adaptive UVLS‐SIPS algorithm calculates in real‐time the total amount of load to shed corresponding to the severity of the disturbance using the least squares algorithm. The amount of load to shed and its distribution across the interconnected system is based on a formulated reactive power mismatch and adaptive weighted summation real‐time voltage stability assessment index, respectively. The proposed UVLS‐SIPS algorithm was deployed onto a programmable logic controller (PLC), and was tested under various dynamic conditions using the New England 39‐bus test system. Real‐time simulations were conducted with an industrial‐grade ‘proof‐of‐concept’ testbed.
Effect of direct fluorination on partial discharge characteristics of polyimide film used as magnet wire insulation of generator
Authors: Du Boxue , Li Ang , Liu Yong
Published: March 2016

Polyimide (PI) film is widely used as the insulation between coils in generator, where partial discharge (PD) may occur to cause the insulation breakdown. Fluorination is considered as an effective method for surface modification of polymer materials to change its electrical properties. In this study, to study the effect of fluorination on the PD behaviour of PI film used as magnet wire insulation, the samples of magnet wire were covered by PI film. Samples were fluorinated in a reaction kettle using the F2/N2 mixture for different time. The non‐fluorinated and fluorinated samples were subjected to partial charges under alternating electric field. A wideband detection system was used to detect PD waveform and record discharge phenomenon. The experimental results indicate that the direct fluorination has great effects on the surface charge accumulation and the decrease in PD intensity. The magnet wire fluorinated for 45 min shows the highest PD inception voltage, the lowest intensity of successive discharges and the smallest number of discharge pulses.
Carrier‐based generalised discontinuous pulse‐width modulation strategy with flexible neutral‐point voltage control and optimal losses for a three‐level converter
Authors: Ren Kangle , Zhang Xing , Wang Fusheng , Cao Renxian
Published: March 2016

Owing to their capability to reduce switching losses, discontinuous pulse‐width modulations (DPWMs) have been widely discussed in the last decades. However, when using the classical DPWMs in three‐level (3L) converters, neutral‐point (NP) voltage balancing may not be efficiently achieved, because the reference signals are clamped and saturated at regular intervals, and consequently it is difficult to inject the desired zero‐sequence component (ZSC). In this study, as the foundation, the general implementation method of 3L carrier‐based DPWM (CBDPWM) by injecting discontinuous ZSC (DZSC) is introduced. Following this, a corresponding NP voltage control method is presented and discussed. Finally, on the basis of output prediction and roll optimising method, a novel 3L generalised CBDPWM strategy is proposed which selects and injects the optimal DZSC. With this adjustment, the NP potential can be quickly and flexibly controlled within the given range, while the switching losses can be minimised. The proposed strategy is general and simple. It is applicable to any operating condition without complex calculation and extra efforts. The performance of the proposed strategy is comprehensively evaluated and compared with the traditional DPWMs, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy are validated by the experimental results.
Efficient power sharing approach for photovoltaic generation based microgrids
Authors: Bhattacharya Somesh , Mishra Sukumar
Published: March 2016

A control strategy is formulated for photovoltaic generators (PVG) operating in parallel in a Microgrid. A radial microgrid is considered and when it is isolated from the utility grid, the PVG's must operate in the voltage‐frequency control mode in the absence of a storage or a diesel generator unit. It is observed that the conventional P‐f and Q‐v droop control method fails to deliver correct power references for inverters operating in parallel when network impedance is unequal, and therefore an active power‐reactive power‐frequency‐derivative (PQFD) droop control is proposed to achieve an error free power sharing. Seamless operation from the grid connected mode to isolated mode and vice‐versa is achieved with the help of the aforementioned control, which in addition assists in the alleviation of sluggish response in the presence of Induction motor (IM) loads by providing appropriate damping. For a transient free transfer from isolated mode to grid connected mode, a synchronisation control is formulated which helps in the proper reconnection. The controller designed is tested in both Microgrid and the grid connected mode and during transition. The controller gains used in the paper have been obtained with the help of a small signal analysis of the system considered.
Excellent near‐UV emission and room‐temperature ferromagnetism of square‐like nano‐CeO2 mingled with Ce(OH)3 synthesised by a hydrothermal method
Authors: Meng Fanming , Fan Zhenghua , Chen Guodong , Yang Xin
Published: March 2016

Square‐like nano‐CeO2 mingled with Ce(OH)3 was successfully synthesised via a hydrothermal route using CeCl3 ·7H2O as cerium source, N2H4 ·H2O as mineraliser, and ethylenediamine as complexant. The as‐synthesised nanoparticles were characterised by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman scattering, photoluminescence spectra (PL), and magnetisation measurements. It was found that nano‐CeO2 has a fluorite cubic structure, and there are defects and vacancies in the sample. PL spectrum showed excellent near‐UV emission. M –H curve exhibited excellent room‐temperature ferromagnetism with saturation magnetisation of 0.0300 emu/g, coercivity of 73.706 Oe, and residual magnetisation of 2.37 × 10−3 emu/g, which can be mainly associated with the surface Ce4+/Ce3+ pairs and oxygen vacancies in the nano‐CeO2.
Probing surface recombination velocities in semiconductors using two-photon microscopy
Authors: Gaury Benoit , Haney Paul M.
Published: March 2016

The determination of minority-carrier lifetimes and surface recombination velocities is essential for the development of semiconductor technologies such as solar cells. The recent development of two-photon time-resolved microscopy allows for better measurements of bulk and subsurface interfaces properties. Here, we analyze the diffusion problem related to this optical technique. Our three-dimensional treatment enables us to separate lifetime (recombination) from transport effects (diffusion) in the photoluminescence intensity. It also allows us to consider surface recombination occurring at a variety of geometries: a single plane (representing an isolated exposed or buried interface), a two parallel planes (representing two inequivalent interfaces), and a spherical surface (representing the enclosing surface of a grain boundary). We provide fully analytical results and scalings directly amenable to data fitting and apply those to experimental data collected on heteroepitaxial CdTe/ZnTe/Si.
Photoacoustic effect generated by moving optical sources: Motion in one dimension
Authors: Bai Wenyu , Diebold Gerald J.
Published: March 2016

Although the photoacoustic effect is typically generated by pulsed or amplitude modulated optical beams, it is clear from examination of the wave equation for pressure that motion of an optical source in space will result in the production of sound as well. Here, the properties of the photoacoustic effect generated by moving sources in one dimension are investigated. The cases of a moving Gaussian beam, an oscillating delta function source, and an accelerating Gaussian optical sources are reported. The salient feature of one-dimensional sources in the linear acoustic limit is that the amplitude of the beam increases in time without bound.
An electrically tunable terahertz metamaterial modulator with two independent channels
Authors: Bai Yang , Chen Kejian , Bu Ting , Zhuang Songlin
Published: March 2016

An electrically tunable terahertz modulator with two independent channels employing a hybrid metamaterial is established. The implemented Schottky structures consist of metallic squares with tips and crosses, which form two types of Schottky structures on an n-doped gallium arsenide (GaAs). By selecting one or both types of Schottky structures to connect to the Ohmic contact, under a bias voltage, a depletion zone can be generated and the semiconductor conductivity can be actively controlled to modulate the transmission of a corresponding channel band or both the channels. Such an electrically controlled modulator with two independent channel bands paves the way to achieving terahertz communication and is more conducive to practical applications.
The mechanism of corner instabilities in single-crystal thin films during dewetting
Authors: Zucker Rachel V. , Kim Gye Hyun , Ye Jongpil , Carter W. Craig , Thompson Carl V.
Published: March 2016

Dewetting is a well-known degradation mechanism for thin films at elevated temperatures. It is driven by surface energy minimization and occurs while the film is solid. The dewetting process is characterized by the formation of holes, retracting edges, and the formation of thickened rims on retracting edges. In anisotropic single-crystal thin films, holes are initially faceted. It is often observed that the corners of the holes retract faster than the edges of the hole, leading to dendritic or star-shaped holes. This so-called “corner instability” is one of the defining morphological characteristics of the dewetting process, and an understanding of this instability may lead to new film patterning techniques. In this work, we present a study of the growth of natural and patterned initially square holes in single-crystal Ni thin films on MgO substrates. A characteristic structure near the corners of the holes was observed, and a model for the growth of faceted holes was developed based on these observations. Despite its simplicity, the model reproduces the observed phenomenology and is in quantitative agreement with experiments. The model reveals that the corner instability arises from a redistribution of mass to create a new hole perimeter, which can only be created at the corner. The consequence is that the corner reaches a steady-state constant retraction rate while mass accumulation at the rims causes their retraction rate to continuously decrease.
Modeling the diffusion/absorption response of a nanopore coated microporous silicon interface
Authors: Baker C. , Laminack W. , Gole J. L.
Published: March 2016

We outline a modeling study of an extrinsic semiconductor interface formed from the interaction of nanostructured metal oxide decorated porous silicon and used for sensing gas phase analytes. We consider simple conductometric sensors that operate at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Nanostructured metal oxide deposition provides a matrix of responses to various analytes, facilitating the extraction of ambient gas concentrations from sensor responses. The sensors are simulated in four stages with an emphasis to the continual improvement of the modeling effort. Stage 1 focuses solely on the diffusion mechanics of an analyte gas into and out of a micro/nanoporous interface and the observed linear response at low concentrations. Stage 2 focuses on the non-linearity resulting primarily from the quenching of sensor response at higher concentrations and introduces an absorption response mechanism. Here, stage 3 demonstrates how the consideration of charge carrier density leads to the development of a new Fermi-distribution based response mechanism. Stage 4 establishes a combined absorption-Fermi-distribution response mechanism.
Correlation of exchange bias with magneto-structural effects across the compensation temperature of Co(Cr1–xFex)2O4 (x = 0.05 and 0.075)
Authors: Kumar Ram , Padam R. , Rayaprol S. , Siruguri Vasudeva , Pal D.
Published: March 2016

A small amount of Fe (5% and 7.5%) substitution in the Cr-site of the multiferroic compound CoCr2O4 leads to a magnetization reversal. In these compounds, we report a sign change in the exchange bias across the compensation temperature, accompanied by a non-monotonic change in the local moments across the compensation temperature. Such non-monotonic change in the magnetic moments is triggered by a similar change in the lattice structure. We relate here the sign change of exchange bias with that of the crystalline energy of the lattice and the Zeeman energy term arising from the anti-site disorder.
Evidence for monoclinic distortion in the ground state phase of underdoped La1.95Sr0.05CuO4: A single crystal neutron diffraction study
Authors: Singh Anar , Schefer Jürg , Sura Ravi , Conder Kazimierz , Sibille Romain F. , Ceretti Monica , Frontzek Matthias , Paulus Werner
Published: March 2016

The existing controversy about the symmetry of the crystal structure of the ground state of the critical doped La1.95Sr0.05CuO4 has been resolved by analyzing the single crystal neutron diffraction data collected between 5 and 730 K. We observed small but significant intensities for “forbidden” reflections given by extinction rules of the orthorhombic Bmab space group at low temperatures. A careful investigation of neutron diffraction data reveals that the crystal structure of La1.95Sr0.05CuO4 at 5 K is monoclinic with B2/m (2/m 1 1) space group. The monoclinic structure emerges from the orthorhombic structure in a continuous way; however, the structure is stable below ∼120 K which agrees with other observed phenomena. Our results on symmetry changes are crucial for the interpretation of physical properties also in other high temperature superconductors with similar structures.
An adaptive tau-leaping method for stochastic simulations of reaction-diffusion systems
Authors: Padgett Jill M. A. , Ilie Silvana
Published: March 2016

Stochastic modelling is critical for studying many biochemical processes in a cell, in particular when some reacting species have low population numbers. For many such cellular processes the spatial distribution of the molecular species plays a key role. The evolution of spatially heterogeneous biochemical systems with some species in low amounts is accurately described by the mesoscopic model of the Reaction-Diffusion Master Equation. The Inhomogeneous Stochastic Simulation Algorithm provides an exact strategy to numerically solve this model, but it is computationally very expensive on realistic applications. We propose a novel adaptive time-stepping scheme for the tau-leaping method for approximating the solution of the Reaction-Diffusion Master Equation. This technique combines effective strategies for variable time-stepping with path preservation to reduce the computational cost, while maintaining the desired accuracy. The numerical tests on various examples arising in applications show the improved efficiency achieved by the new adaptive method.
Infrared Photodisssociation Spectroscopy of Boron Carbonyl Cation Complexes
Authors: Jin Jia-ye , Wang Guan-jun , Zhou Ming-fei
Published: March 2016

The boron carbonyl cation complexes B(CO)3+, B(CO)4+ and B2(CO)4+ are studied by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The B(CO)4+ ions are characterized to be very weakly bound complexes involving a B(CO)3+ core ion, which is predicted to have a planar D3h structure with the central boron retaining the most favorable 8-electron configuration. The B2(CO)4+ cation is determined to have a planar D2h structure involving a B−B one and half bond. The analysis of the B-CO interactions with the EDA-NOCV method indicates that the OC→B σ donation is stronger than the B→CO π back donation in both ions.
FOXO1 delays skeletal muscle regeneration and suppresses myoblast proliferation
Authors: Yamashita Atsushi , Hatazawa Yukino , Hirose Yuma , Ono Yusuke , Kamei Yasutomi
Published: March 2016

Unloading stress, such as bed rest, inhibits the regenerative potential of skeletal muscles; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. FOXO1 expression, which induces the upregulated expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p57 and Gadd45α, is known to be increased in the skeletal muscle under unloading conditions. However, there is no report addressing FOXO1-induced inhibition of myoblast proliferation. Therefore, we induced muscle injury by cardiotoxin in transgenic mice overexpressing FOXO1 in the skeletal muscle (FOXO1-Tg mice) and observed regeneration delay in skeletal muscle mass and cross-sectional area in FOXO1-Tg mice. Increased p57 and Gadd45α mRNA levels, and decreased proliferation capacity were observed in C2C12 myoblasts expressing a tamoxifen-inducible active form of FOXO1. These results suggest that decreased proliferation capacity of myoblasts by FOXO1 disrupts skeletal muscle regeneration under FOXO1-increased conditions, such as unloading.
Erratum to “Some hyperbolic three-manifolds that bound geometrically”
Authors: Kolpakov Alexander , Martelli Bruno , Tschantz Steven
Published: March 2016

We indicate a non-fatal, but annoying mistake in our paper entitled “Some hyperbolic three-manifolds that bound geometrically” [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 143, (2015) no. 9, pp.4103–4111.
Sequential and compartmentalized action of Rabs, SNAREs, and MAL in the apical delivery of fusiform vesicles in urothelial umbrella cells
Authors: Wankel Bret , Ouyang Jiangyong , Guo Xuemei , Hadjiolova Krassimira , Miller Jeremy , Liao Yi , Tham Daniel Kai Long , Romih Rok , Andrade Leonardo R. , Gumper Iwona , Simon Jean-Pierre , Sachdeva Rakhee , Tolmachova Tanya , Seabra Miguel C. , Fukuda Mitsunori , Schaeren-Wiemers Nicole , Hong Wan Jin , Sabatini David D. , Wu Xue-Ru , Kong Xiangpeng , Kreibich Gert , Rindler Michael J. , Sun Tung-Tien
Published: March 2016

Uroplakins (UPs) are major differentiation products of urothelial umbrella cells and play important roles in forming the permeability barrier and in the expansion/stabilization of the apical membrane. Further, UPIa serves as a uropathogenic Escherichia coli receptor. Although it is understood that UPs are delivered to the apical membrane via fusiform vesicles (FVs), the mechanisms that regulate this exocytic pathway remain poorly understood. Immunomicroscopy of normal and mutant mouse urothelia show that the UP-delivering FVs contained Rab8/11 and Rab27b/Slac2-a, which mediate apical transport along actin filaments. Subsequently a Rab27b/Slp2-a complex mediated FV–membrane anchorage before SNARE-mediated and MAL-facilitated apical fusion. We also show that keratin 20 (K20), which forms a chicken-wire network ∼200 nm below the apical membrane and has hole sizes allowing FV passage, defines a subapical compartment containing FVs primed and strategically located for fusion. Finally, we show that Rab8/11 and Rab27b function in the same pathway, Rab27b knockout leads to uroplakin and Slp2-a destabilization, and Rab27b works upstream from MAL. These data support a unifying model in which UP cargoes are targeted for apical insertion via sequential interactions with Rabs and their effectors, SNAREs and MAL, and in which K20 plays a key role in regulating vesicular trafficking.
Language variability in syntactic theory
Authors: Adger David
Published: March 2016

Morphosyntactic and syntactic variability is often ignored in syntactic theory. One reason has to do with assumptions about what variability is and how the interfaces between syntax, morphology, and semantics are configured. The chapter sketches out this argument and shows that the technology that Minimalist syntax currently employs to capture syntactic dependencies actually gives, for free, not only a technique for capturing intrapersonal variability, but also a means to model frequency effects in this domain.
The Virtues of a Kantian Economics
Authors: White Mark D.
Published: March 2016

This chapter argues that an economic model of choice that incorporates Kantian duty and judgment can provide the emphasis on character that makes virtue ethics attractive, as well as a sound foundation in principle. The first half of the chapter highlights the aspects of virtue ethics that Kant shares, specifically a concern for motivation, an emphasis on agents, and a disdain for rules. The second part presents a Kantian-economic model of decision-making augmented by a conception of judgment adopted from the jurisprudence of Ronald Dworkin, which shares an emphasis on character and integrity with both Kant and virtue ethics. Finally, it suggests several examples of economic problems drawn from individual choice, firm behavior, and policy-making, which illustrate the widespread importance of judgment to economic decision-making and the appeal of a model that emphasizes the moral character of the individual or institution when balancing principles.
On Virtue Economics
Authors: Baurmann Michael , Brennan Geoffrey
Published: March 2016

This chapter makes a case for economists taking account of agent virtue in their models, on the grounds that doing so both broadens the normative base that economists standardly deploy and adds explanatory power in many settings of interest to economists. After distinguishing three different ways in which virtue might be included in economic analysis—virtue as intrinsically valuable, virtue as derivatively valuable, and virtue as fact—we examine the relevance of virtue to three topics: invisible hand mechanisms, the role of esteem in individual motivations, and the use of selection and allocation mechanisms in institutional design. We try to explain why each of these topics is relevant to the study of virtue.
Computational complexity, phase transitions, and message-passing for community detection
Authors: Moore Cristopher
Published: March 2016

This chapter provides a whirlwind tour of problems and techniques at the boundary of computer science and statistical physics. It starts with a brief description of computational complexity and P, NP, and NP-completeness. It then discusses random graphs, including the emergence of the giant component and the k-core, using techniques from branching processes and differential equations. Using these tools, as well as the second-moment method, upper and lower bounds on the critical clause density for random k-SAT are given. The chapter ends with a discussion of community detection in networks, variational methods, the Bethe free energy, belief propagation, the detectability transition, and the non-backtracking matrix. Using tools from the statistical physics of disordered systems, the belief propagation transition is computed and its implications on the computational complexity of community detection are discussed, revealing an interesting phase diagram typical of so-called planted problems.
Effects of News Media Coverage on Public Support for European Integration
Authors: de Vreese Claes H. , Boomgaarden Hajo G.
Published: March 2016

The media play an important role as a source of information during European Parliament elections. Generally speaking, there is a positive relationship between being exposed to news about the European Union, and in particular positive news, and pro‐EU attitudes. However, this influence of individual exposure to EU news is less strong in countries that have a lot of EU news anyway. Thus, a dampening effect of contextual EU news visibility is seen on the impact of individual exposure to EU news. While it may be an intended—and in part successful—consequence of EP elections to generate news, the impact of this coverage of EU attitudes is less straightforward.
Introduction
Authors: Pitaevskii Lev , Stringari Sandro
Published: March 2016

This chapter contains an historical introduction to the main experimental and theoretical advances in the field of Bose–Einstein condensation and superuidity. Special emphasis is given on the physics of ultracold dilute atomic gases of both Bose and Fermi statistics. The introduction also provides a concise description of the contents of the other chapters of the book.