bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crash-perching on vertical poles with a hugging-wing robot
Authors: Askari Mohammad , Benciolini Michele , Phan Hoang-Vu , Stewart William , Ijspeert Auke J. , Floreano Dario
Published: July 2024

Perching with winged Unmanned Aerial Vehicles has often been solved by means of complex control or intricate appendages. Here, we present a method that relies on passive wing morphing for crash-landing on trees and other types of vertical poles. Inspired by the adaptability of animals’ and bats’ limbs in gripping and holding onto trees, we design dual-purpose wings that enable both aerial gliding and perching on poles. With an upturned nose design, the robot can passively reorient from horizontal flight to vertical upon a head-on crash with a pole, followed by hugging with its wings to perch. We characterize the performance of reorientation and perching in terms of impact speed and angle, pole material, and size. The robot robustly reorients at impact angles above 15° and speeds of 3 m ⋅ s−1 to 9 m ⋅ s−1, and can hold onto various pole types larger than 28% of its wingspan in diameter. We demonstrate crash-perching on tree trunks with an overall success rate of 73%. The method opens up new possibilities for the use of aerial robots in applications such as inspection, maintenance, and biodiversity conservation.
Chemically modified graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for the selective turn-off fluorescence detection of Al(iii) ions in crabs (Brachyura)
Authors: El-Reash Y. G. Abou , El-Awady Osama , Algethami Faisal K. , Awad Fathi S.
Published: July 2024

The selective and sensitive detection of Al(iii) is critically important for human health since the level of Al(iii) is an indicator of many diseases in humans.
Synthesis and characterisation of copper(i) complexes with relevance to intramolecular Ullmann O,S-arylation
Authors: Jin Xiaodong , Nguyen Bao-Nguyen T. , Davies Robert P.
Published: July 2024

The structures of novel copper(i) complexes which are potential intermediates in copper-catalysed benzoxazole and benzothiazole synthesis are reported and their relative reactivities studied.
Cyclometalated iridium(iii) tetrazine complexes for mitochondria-targeted two-photon photodynamic therapy
Authors: Tan Zanru , Lin Mingwei , Liu Jiangping , Wu Huihui , Chao Hui
Published: July 2024

Cyclometalated Ir(iii) tetrazine complexes were developed to act as mitochondria-targeted photosensitizers for efficient two-photon photodynamic therapy.
Efficient and stable all-small-molecule solar cells enabled by incorporating a designed giant molecule acceptor
Authors: Yang Xinrong , Gao Yuan , Xu Lin-Yong , Wu Xiaohei , Chen Xingyu , Shao Yiming , Xiao Bo , Liu Shanshan , Xia Jianlong , Sun Rui , Min Jie
Published: July 2024

A highly efficient and stable all-small-molecule system with excellent thickness tolerance and recycling capability has been developed, by integrating a new giant molecule acceptor (Se-Giant) into the MPhS-C2:BTP-eC9 binary system.
A design-phase environmental safe-and-sustainable-by-design categorization tool for the development and innovation of nano-enabled advanced materials (AdMaCat)
Authors: Rubalcaba Medina Analuisa , Hansen Steffen Foss , Rodriguez Macias Fernando J. , Baun Anders
Published: July 2024

AdMaCat – A SSbD first-tier screening categorization tool.
Passivation performance and mechanism of a novel self-healing composite passivator on pyrite
Authors: Wu Weifeng , Li Mengke , Tian Jiang , Li Feng , Liu Yun
Published: July 2024

A novel self-healing composite passivator (PLHP passivator) was synthesized. The PLHP coatings could passivate pyrite at room temperature, exhibiting excellent long-term stability and self-healing ability.
Photopatternable, degradable, and performant polyimide network substrates for e-waste mitigation
Authors: Reese Caleb J. , Musgrave Grant M. , Wong Jitkanya , Pan Wenyang , Uehlin John , Zadan Mason , Awartani Omar M. , Wallin Thomas J. , Wang Chen
Published: July 2024

Photopolymerizable and degradable polyimides from liquid resins were developed, using existing economic chemical feedstocks, as flexible substrates to mitigate the e-waste crisis.
Unveiling the influence of alkaline modifiers in CuO synthesis on its photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction
Authors: de Almeida Jéssica C. , Rodrigues Thais Aparecida , da Silva Gelson T. S. T. , Ribeiro Caue , de Mendonça Vagner R.
Published: July 2024

Leveraging alkaline modifiers in CuO synthesis, particularly the novel MEA/KOH combination, optimizes CO2 photoreduction, marking a significant advance in green technology.
Alkali metal hydroxide-catalyzed mechanisms of Csp–H silylation of alkynes: a DFT investigation
Authors: Feng Tian-Tian , Lin Ying , Chen Bin , Zhou Da-Gang , Li Rong
Published: July 2024

MOH/MH-catalytic mechanisms for Csp–H silylation were investigated using DFT.
Anisotropic X-ray photovoltaics in 2D trilayered hybrid perovskite EA4Pb3Br10 single crystals with a low detection limit
Authors: Tao Kewen , Xiong Chenwei , Yang Hui , Lin Hao , Ma Decai , Li Huashan , Lin Shaopeng , Wang Biao
Published: July 2024

The multilayered 2D single crystal perovskite EA4Pb3Br10 displays remarkable anisotropic optoelectronic properties and significant X-ray photovoltaic effects, underscoring its substantial potential in self-powered X-ray detection applications.
Photoredox/Cu dual catalyzed 1,4-cyanosulfonylation enabled by remote cyano migration
Authors: Xie Xiaofei , Li Yan , Bo Zhengyuan , Zhu Yingguang , Chen Kang
Published: July 2024

A photoredox/Cu dual catalyzed 1,4-cyanosulfonylation of NHPI esters with readily available sodium arylsulfinates has been established, which provides an expedient approach toward a variety of δ-sulfonyl nitriles.
Electrooxidative iridium-catalyzed sp2 C–H activation–annulation leading to cationic π-extended heteroaromatics
Authors: Yang Qi-Liang , Guo Na-Na , Liu Shu-Xian , Zhang Bei-Ning , Zou Guodong , Wang Hai-Xia , Wang Dong-Chao , Guo Hai-Ming
Published: July 2024

An electrochemically driven, Cp*Ir(iii)-catalyzed method for alkenyl and aromatic C(sp2)–H activation and coupling with alkynes for the synthesis of biologically useful quaternary ammonium salts under mild conditions is demonstrated.
Recent advances in post Ugi-4CR dearomatizations for constructing spiro heterocycles
Authors: Tang Xiao , Tao Qianqian , Song Liangliang , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: July 2024

This review summarizes recent advances in the combination of Ugi-4CR and dearomatization for the synthesis of spirocycles.
Anticoagulation activity of sulfated carboxymethyl cellulose/Azadirachta indica leaf powder-based bio-composite
Authors: Alamry Khalid A. , Hussein Mahmoud A. , Khan Ajahar , Asiri Abdullah M.
Published: July 2024

The eco-friendly and non-toxic behavior of polymeric bio-composites based on S-CMC, synthesized utilizing natural herbs (Azadirachta indica leaf powder), has shown an interesting anticoagulant activity against diverse physical and chemical actions.
Insights into structure, morphology and conductivity of the earth-abundant NASICON phosphate, Na4MnFe(PO4)3
Authors: Chayal Loubna , El Arni Sirine , Saadi Mohamed , Assani Abderrazzak , Bih Lahcen , Ma Jiwei , Hadouchi Mohammed
Published: July 2024

Effect of microstructure on conductivity of earth-abundant NASICON phosphate, Na4MnFe(PO4)3, was investigated. Small particle size is designed showing improved conductivity.
Enhancing the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria by using Pelargonium sidoides DC extract in microwave assisted green synthesis
Authors: Illanes Tormena Renata Pascoal , Medeiros Salviano Santos Mac-Kedson , Oliveira da Silva Atailson , Félix Felipe Mourthé , Chaker Juliano Alexandre , Freire Daniel Oliveira , Rodrigues da Silva Izabel Cristina , Moya Sergio Enrique , Sousa Marcelo Henrique
Published: July 2024

Nanoformulation with AgNPs derived from P. sidoides extract demonstrates potent antimicrobial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria including drug-resistant strains.
A functional silicon composite polymer electrolyte with hydrofluoric acid scavenging for quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Zhao Li , Yang Li , Cheng Yu , Zhang Hong , Du Lulu , Peng Wei , Abdelmaoula Ahmed Eissa , Xu Lin
Published: July 2024

A functional composite polymer electrolyte (FCPE) containing Si nanoparticles can prevent the growth of lithium dendrites in quasi-solid-state batteries by reacting with HF and H2O to form a protective LiF-rich layer on the lithium metal surface.
Physically entangled multifunctional eutectogels for flexible sensors with mechanically robust
Authors: Lu Qianwen , Li Hengfeng , Tan Zhijian
Published: July 2024

Mechanically tough and ionically conductive physically entangled multifunctional eutectogels for strain sensing, with excellent self-healing, self-adhesive, temperature tolerance, and antibacterial properties.
In-depth understanding of electrochemical energy storage efficiency in a series of new 3d–4d mixed metal polyoxometalates: experimental and theoretical investigations
Authors: Morla Kalyankumar S. , Thakre Dewendra , Deshmukh Tushar Balasaheb , Malo Sunanda , Ahamed Subuhan , Aparna Ravari Kandy , Sahoo Subham , Sarma Debajit , Mondal Kartik Chandra , Sankapal Babasaheb R. , Banerjee Abhishek
Published: July 2024

Electrochemical energy storage of three isostructural polyanions [(MoVI2O5)2(MO2){O3P-C(O)(CH2-4-C5H4N)-PO3}2]7−, where M = V(iii), Cr(iii), Mn(iii), showed the maximum efficiency for the vanadate complex, which has been corroborated by DFT studies.
Recent advances and perspectives of 1D/2D carbon materials for high-performance flexible zinc ion batteries
Authors: Zheng Qingqing , Hu Zewei , Liu Liyang , Lu Haiying , Wang Xin , Lei Yongpeng , Han Chao , Li Weijie
Published: July 2024

This review provides a summary of recent advancements in 1D/2D carbon materials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, MXenes, and carbon fibers) for FZIBs. It mainly introduces the functions of 1D/2D carbon materials in enhancing the performance of FZIBs.
Impact of intermolecular packing on separation of chlorinated cyclic hydrocarbons using flexible hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks
Authors: Hu Siwen , Zhao He , Liang Meng , Wang Rui , Hao Jingjun , Xue Pengchong
Published: July 2024

It has been found that the separation selectivity of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks for haloalkanes is closely associated with the extent of micro-structural changes during guest adsorption, where a smaller alteration favors higher selectivity.
Application of a calcium and phosphorus biomineralization strategy in tooth repair: a systematic review
Authors: Dong Haide , Wang Danyang , Deng Hanyue , Yin Lijuan , Wang Xiongying , Yang Weihu , Cai Kaiyong
Published: July 2024

This review summarizes the mechanisms and commonalities of biomineralization and discusses the advancements in dental biomineralization research, guided by insights into calcium and phosphorus mineral biomineralization.
The new material science towards sustainable robotics
Authors: Miao Wusha , Bai Hedan
Published: July 2024

Bottom-up materials innovation enables sustainable soft robots with self-healing, degradation and recycling.
Highly versatile and accurate machine learning methods for predicting perovskite properties
Authors: Chen Ziming , Wang Jing , Li Canjie , Liu Baiquan , Luo Dongxiang , Min Yonggang , Fu Nianqing , Xue Qifan
Published: July 2024

A dataset of 3720 ABX3-type perovskites and 2660 A2B(I)B(II)X6-type double perovskites was collected and cleaned up to train a machine learning model that predicts features such as band gaps. SHAP interpretability analysis provides new insights for bandgap evaluation.
Looking beyond biology: glycosaminoglycans as attractive platforms for energy devices and flexible electronics
Authors: Santos Filipe M. , Nunes Sílvia C. , de Zea Bermudez Verónica
Published: July 2024

Glycosaminoglycans have quietly transitioned from biomaterials to advanced functional materials for energy devices and flexible electronics. Gathered here are 45 years of research highlighting both fundamental studies and recent advances and trends.
New developments in AMPK and mTORC1 cross-talk
Authors: Smiles William J. , Ovens Ashley J. , Kemp Bruce E. , Galic Sandra , Petersen Janni , Oakhill Jonathan S.
Published: July 2024

Metabolic homeostasis and the ability to link energy supply to demand are essential requirements for all living cells to grow and proliferate. Key to metabolic homeostasis in all eukaryotes are AMPK and mTORC1, two kinases that sense nutrient levels and function as counteracting regulators of catabolism (AMPK) and anabolism (mTORC1) to control cell survival, growth and proliferation. Discoveries beginning in the early 2000s revealed that AMPK and mTORC1 communicate, or cross-talk, through direct and indirect phosphorylation events to regulate the activities of each other and their shared protein substrate ULK1, the master initiator of autophagy, thereby allowing cellular metabolism to rapidly adapt to energy and nutritional state. More recent reports describe divergent mechanisms of AMPK/mTORC1 cross-talk and the elaborate means by which AMPK and mTORC1 are activated at the lysosome. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of current understanding in this exciting area and comment on new evidence showing mTORC1 feedback extends to the level of the AMPK isoform, which is particularly pertinent for some cancers where specific AMPK isoforms are implicated in disease pathogenesis.
Age-Related Hearing Loss, Cognitive Decline, and Social Interaction: Testing a Framework
Authors: Arjmandi Meisam K. , Neils-Strunjas Jean , Nemati Samaneh , Fridriksson Julius , Newman-Norlund Sarah , Newman-Norlund Roger , Bonilha Leonardo
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Aging increases risk for hearing loss, cognitive decline, and social isolation; however, the nature of their interconnection remains unclear. This study examined the interplay between age-related hearing loss, cognitive decline, and social isolation in adults by testing the ability to understand speech in background noise, a challenge frequently reported by many older adults.

Method:

We analyzed data collected from 128 adults (20–79 years of age,
M
age
= 51 years) recruited as part of the Aging Brain Cohort at the University of South Carolina repository. The participants underwent testing for hearing, cognition, and social interaction, which included pure-tone audiometry, a words-in-noise (WIN) test, a hearing questionnaire (Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale [SSQ12]), a social questionnaire (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-57 Social), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. We used a single pure-tone average (PTA) threshold value and a single WIN threshold value for each participant because there were no differences on average between the left and right ears.

Results:

Poorer hearing was significantly associated with cognitive decline, through both PTA and WIN thresholds, with a stronger association observed for WIN threshold. Adults with poorer hearing also exhibited greater social isolation, as evidenced by their WIN threshold and SSQ12 score, although not through PTA. This connection was more pronounced with the WIN threshold than with the SSQ12 score. Cognition was not related to social isolation, suggesting that social isolation is affected more by the ability to understand words in noise than by cognition in a nondemented population.

Conclusions:

Understanding speech in challenging auditory environments rather than mere threshold detection is strongly linked to social isolation and cognitive decline. Thus, inclusion of a word-recognition-in-noise test and a social isolation survey in clinical settings is warranted.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26237060
Centre‐loss—A preferred class verification approach over sample‐to‐sample in self‐checkout products datasets
Authors: Ciapas Bernardas , Treigys Povilas
Published: July 2024

Siamese networks excel at comparing two images, serving as an effective class verification technique for a single‐per‐class reference image. However, when multiple reference images are present, Siamese verification necessitates multiple comparisons and aggregation, often unpractical at inference. The Centre‐Loss approach, proposed in this research, solves a class verification task more efficiently, using a single forward‐pass during inference, than sample‐to‐sample approaches. Optimising a Centre‐Loss function learns class centres and minimises intra‐class distances in latent space. The authors compared verification accuracy using Centre‐Loss against aggregated Siamese when other hyperparameters (such as neural network backbone and distance type) are the same. Experiments were performed to contrast the ubiquitous Euclidean against other distance types to discover the optimum Centre‐Loss layer, its size, and Centre‐Loss weight. In optimal architecture, the Centre‐Loss layer is connected to the penultimate layer, calculates Euclidean distance, and its size depends on distance type. The Centre‐Loss method was validated on the Self‐Checkout products and Fruits 360 image datasets. Centre‐Loss comparable accuracy and lesser complexity make it a preferred approach over sample‐to‐sample for the class verification task, when the number of reference image per class is high and inference speed is a factor, such as in self‐checkouts.
A high‐accuracy and robust diagnostic tool for gearbox faults in wind turbines
Authors: Lu Shiue‐Der , Jiang Yi‐Hsuan , Wu Chia‐Chun , Sian Hong‐Wei
Published: July 2024

Faulty gears are a common cause of wind turbine failures. For this sake, this work was developed as a reliable diagnostic tool for wind turbines to improve wind power stability accordingly. A convolutional extension neural network (CENN) was proposed to identify vibration and audio signals captured from a gearbox. According to the status of the contained faulty gears, a gearbox was categorised as one of the three types: (i) broken, (ii) rusty and (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii). It was further assigned one of the three severity levels: mild, moderate and severe. Therefore, there were a total of nine combinations for identification. Captured raw vibration and audio signals were applied to a chaotic synchronisation detector by which 3D chaotic error scatter feature images were generated to train and test the CENN. The recognition rate provided by CENN and the majority rule reached 99.6%, and then slightly fell to 97.4% in a noise robustness test, and consequently CENN outperformed counterparts in terms of the recognition rate and the robustness against noise. Accordingly, multiple gearbox faults can be well diagnosed for the first time in the literature. Finally, this paper concludes with a simplified version of the original proposal.
Effect of room acoustic properties and head orientation on practical speech-in-noise measurements for various spatial configurations
Authors: Warkentin Larissa , Denk Florian , Winkler Alexandra , Sankowsky-Rothe Tobias , Blau Matthias , Holube Inga , Husstedt Hendrik
Published: July 2024

Speech recognition scores in noise can be affected by measurement conditions such as the spatial configuration, room acoustic properties, or the position and head orientation of a test person. This is critical when comparing repeated measurements, e.g., during hearing aid verification. While the basic effects of these factors are known, specific effect sizes for practically relevant configurations have not previously been reported. We investigated the effects of audiological test-room acoustics with low reverberation, and of head movements on speech-in-noise tests for typical spatial configurations. Speech-recognition thresholds (SRTs) and head movements were measured in 240 normal-hearing participants in six rooms for five loudspeaker configurations (S0N0, S0N±45, S0N±90, S0N180 and S±45N∓45). Additionally, head positions were reproduced with an artificial head, and using a binaural speech intelligibility model, binaural room impulse responses were measured to estimate the influence of head movements on the SRT. The results show that the effects of room acoustic properties and head movements varies greatly between spatial configurations. Head rotations around the vertical axis can affect speech recognition scores by up to 8 dB, most critically for the configuration S0N180. For spatially separated sound sources, different room acoustic conditions caused differences in SRT of up to 5 dB.
Optimization of models for recognizing diseased plants of tomato leaves using deep learning technologies
Authors: Sabitov Baratbek , Seitkazieva Nazgul , Suiunbek Esenbai uulu , Zhusupkeldiev Sharshenbek , Asanbekova Nurzat
Published: July 2024

In this work, using deep learning technologies as an element of artificial intelligence, various neural network architectures were built that model diseases of strategically important agricultural plants. Modern deep learning optimizers are proposed, and optimization problems for the proposed neural network architectures are studied. The main tasks of agriculture are identified, which today is a key sector for determining economic stability and solving food security. In this work, models for predicting yields based on deep learning are built. The main tasks of agriculture, which today are relevant in the context of climate change, are substantiated. The consequences and causes of the influence of climate change on many large categories of agriculture have been identified. The reasons for the influence of temperature anomalies in summer and winter on plant diseases have been established. The work examines voluminous concepts such as the yield of agricultural crops that lose stability with the rapid spread of various plant diseases, causing millions of losses to farmers and agricultural producers. Methods based on artificial intelligence have been proposed that can prevent the causes and factors of plant diseases. Models created on the basis of neural networks and optimizers are proposed to guarantee the accuracy of models for identifying and early diagnosing plant diseases. In the work, based on models built on the basis of deep learning, plant diseases are predicted using a database of sick and healthy plant images. The accuracy of the models has been established, which can guarantee high-quality prediction of the task. Based on the problem of optimizing neural networks for recognizing plant diseases, a mechanism for applying the selection of optimal parameters and selecting neural network architectures has been developed. The accuracy of the created models was analyzed, which is an assessment of their quality. When optimizing a neural network, the main attention in the work is paid to the task of choosing optimizers. Based on modern optimizers, various models have been obtained for predicting plant diseases based on a database collected in the field.
Application of additional substances in the complex of protective measures of spring wheat
Authors: Timofeev Vyacheslav , Vyushina Olga
Published: July 2024

These studies are aimed at studying the effect of such preparations as Biogenic iron, Silicon, humic preparation Rostok applied during vegetation in the tillering phase against the background of chemical protection on plant development and yield of spring wheat in the conditions of forest-steppe of the Northern Trans-Urals. In the process of experiments phytosanitary load of seeds with the content of infectious beginning 20-30%, damage of plant roots by fusarium-helminthosporiosis infection in the soil with the spread of the disease 8%, disease development up to 3% were taken into account. The excess of biometric indices in tillering phase was observed in the variant of chemical fungicide application on seeds, where leaf development exceeded other variants by 0.8 cm. Flag leaf development with exceeding the variants by 3-4 cm was observed with application of Biogenic Iron (BioFeCo) in pure form and in mixture with humic preparation Rostok. Biometrics conducted in the phase of filling - milk ripeness determined the effect of variants with humic preparations and their mixtures with Biogenic iron (BioFeCo), silicon (SiO2) on the increase in stem weight by 3-6 g, leaf weight by 1.0-1.7 g, ear weight by 1.0 g. Yield under the conditions of the year was 4.4-4.7 t/ha, no reliable increase in yield was not provided by any variant, but some exceeded the control in the variants biogenic iron (BioFeSo), Biogenic iron mixed with sprout (0.13 t/ha). The results of structural analysis show an increase in the values of the variants of application of Biogenic Iron (BioFeCo) in pure form and in mixture with humic preparation Rostock, so the number of spikelets 11-13.4 pcs, spike length 7.2-8.3 cm, number of grains in the spikelet 23-31 pcs, grain weight from 25 stems 27-37 g, weight of 1000 grains 34-42 g and biological yield 4.7-7.7 t/ha. Grain quality indicators did not have significant changes in the variants and the grain had a high gluten content. The studies show a positive effect on the development of spring wheat plants during the growing season with moisture deficit and excessive temperatures of the studied preparations Biogenic iron (BioFeSo), humic preparation Rostock.
Description features of pharmacology of the drug Kufestrol in increasing productivity of broiler chicks
Authors: Kuldoshev G. , Farmanov N. , Kholikov A. , Isayev M. , Omonov Sh. , Shodiyeva Z. , Mukhammatova S. , Nematullayev O.
Published: July 2024

This scientific article presents the effects of kufestrol, a phytoestrogen drug extracted from the Ferula Kuhistanica plant, on the poultry organism. As a result of the use of Kufestrol drug, effects on the live weight, absolute, average daily growth and food consumption of broiler chicks were determined in the experiments. Morphological (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocyte) and biochemical (total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium, phosphorus, glucose) parameters of the blood of chicks treated with the drug were determined. The information that Kufestrol, used through experiments, has a positive effect on the physiological condition of broiler chicks is cited. As a result of the use of the Kufestrol drug in broiler chickens, their viability was 98%, and meat productivity was 25.8% higher than in control groups.
The influence of morphological parameters of eggs on the results of incubation
Authors: Batanov Stepan , Baranova Irina , Starostina Olga , Shkarupa Evgeny
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the research was a comparative analysis of the morphometric parameters of eggs, as well as their impact on the results of incubation and the quality of day-old chicks. Eggs in the amount of 160 pieces were placed in the incubator and incubated according to generally accepted conditions. A high level of fertilization (88.2%) and hatchability (84.9%) of eggs was revealed. 126 heads were received, chick hatching rate was 78.7%. Received 65 cockerels, 61 chickens. The average weight of the eggs from which the cockerels were obtained was 59.6 g, which is 1.4% more than the weight of the eggs from which the hens were obtained, with an unreliable difference. The weight of males was significantly higher than that of females by 1.3 g (3.3%). For such analyzed morphological parameters as egg volume, cross-sectional area, egg surface area, no significant difference was found between the groups (from 0.02% to 0.39%). The size of the longitudinal sectional area and the semimajor axis of the eggs from which the chickens were obtained was higher by 3.3% and 2.3%. The value of the parameter semi-minor axis of eggs (2.71 cm), from which the cockerels were obtained, was significantly higher by 5.1%. The eggs from which the hens were obtained have a more rounded shape of the sharp end, the angle was 102.2 degrees, which is significantly higher by 5.9% than that of the eggs from which the cockerels were obtained. The shape index of eggs from which males were obtained varied from 0.548 to 0.815, and from eggs from which hens were obtained from 0.546 to 0.749 units.
Efficiency of using chitosan complex in feeding technology for broiler chickens under conditions of increased stocking density
Authors: Buyarov Viktor , Komolikova Irina , Buyarov Aleksandr , Mednova Valentina
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the research was to determine the effectiveness of using the chitosan complex “KX-1” in the technology of feeding broiler chickens under conditions of increased stocking density of 23.5 birds/m². Broilers of the 1st control group received feed with standard nutritional value; broilers of experimental groups 2-4 were additionally introduced to a similar diet with a chitosan complex at the rate of 50, 70 and 100 g/t throughout the entire growing period. It was found that the highest efficiency of growing broiler chickens was in the 3rd experimental group, which received the chitosan complex “KX-1” at the rate of 70 g per 1 ton of feed. At 39 days of age, the chickens of this group in live weight exceeded their peers from the control group by 3.5%, from the 2nd experimental group - by 1.9%, and from the 4th experimental group - by 1.2%. The European productivity index in the 3rd experimental group was 9-20 units. (2.3-5.3%) higher than in other groups. The chitosan complex “KX-1” had a positive effect on the zootechnical parameters of poultry rearing under conditions of increased stocking density at a broiler factory and is a valuable feed additive for broilers.
The development of the generative sphere, flowering and fertilization Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi) in wet subtropics of Russia
Authors: Tutberidze Tsiala , Besedina Tina , Kiseleva Natalya
Published: July 2024

The work has studied the characteristics of the flower and the morphobiological development of the reproductive sphere in male (Tomuri) and female (Heyword) plants Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi). The basic phenological phases of development have been identified, significant differences are presented, in relation to flowering time, flowering period, the number of female and male organs, a stylus, and stamens size. It is determined that female varieties bloom later male and have a shorter length of stamens, while the biometric parameters of antipershabi of male plants are higher than female. It is not the functioning of the ovaries in male varieties and the lack of self -pollination in female, since the anthers of their flowers contain sterile pollen. A direct dependence between the quality of fertilization and the size of the fetus is established. It was revealed that in the laboratory conditions, the activity of germination of pollen is due to the varietal characteristics of the pollinator and the time of its workpiece. The viability of the pollen of the male plant of kiwi (Tomuri variety), which has a potentially high degree of fertility at 74.5% of germination, is analyzed. The reduction in the percentage of the germination and the length of the pollen tube in the pollen of the flowers Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi) with an increase in the temperature and storage of pollen, and the reverse dependence between the percentage of the germination and the length of the pollen tube with a shelf life is revealed. It is determined that the main factor in obtaining stably high yields is the selection of female and male varieties with simultaneous flowering.
The “tebasan” system in paddy farming and its implication on farmers’ income
Authors: Irawan Aldho R. , Sumedi  , Mulyono Joko , Hermawan Hari , Sumaryanto
Published: July 2024

In general, there are two selling behaviours for rice harvests that develop in irrigated rice agroecosystems, namely selling using “tebasan” system and without “tebasan” system. In maximising the profits obtained, farmers will try to minimise input, one of which is the use of labour which tends to vary between farmers. This study aims to analyse “tebasan” phenomenon and factors that influence “tebasan” phenomenon using National Farmer Panel data for 2021–2022 in irrigated rice agroecosystems. The analytical methods used are binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression. The results of the analysis showed that farmers who tend to sell crops by “tebasan” have characteristics of old age of the household head, high education of the head of the household, many household members who work, and land that is not large. The difference in profit between the two sales systems is not significant, but other variables need to be considered because they can maximise the profit earned by farmers. The government needs to encourage the downstream of agriculture and the empowerment of BUMDes and village cooperatives as a result of the “tebasan” phenomenon, which will increasingly develop in rice farming.
Socio-economic perspective of rice farming in shallot production centre in Nganjuk District, East Java Province
Authors: Azis Miftahul , Irawan Aldho R. , Saputra Yonas H. , Sayaka Bambang , Pasaribu Sahat M. , de Brauw Alan , Setiyanto Adi , Suhartini Sri H.
Published: July 2024

Rice farming in Nganjuk District, East Java Province, was conducted once a year. However, it plays an important role in the farmer households’ livelihood in this shallot-producing centre. Rice has economic and social value to farmers aside from their main income from shallot farming. This study aims to analyse the role of rice farming in the community’s rice reserves. The analysis applied in this study was descriptive quantitative. The results show that, on average, farmer households consist of four members, and most of their land areas are grown with shallots. Rice farming maximises family labour. The rice produced is not sold by farmers but stored and milled to meet household needs. Overall, farmers’ rice production is sufficient and surplus to some extent. However, some farmers with relatively small landholdings buy additional rice. There is no specific farmers’ management of the rice surplus. Rice price fluctuations do not affect farmers’ behaviour in rice consumption, resulting in strong food security. The government needs to enhance rice production, especially in this shallot-producing centre. It is also necessary to synergise programs among stakeholders to maintain food reserves for the community’s food security.
Impact of certified rice seed on farmers’ income in Simalungun District, North Sumatra
Authors: Savitri Sheila , Setyaningrum Widyadhari F. , Parhusip Dorkas , Girsang Setia S. , Dani Fatimatuz Z.D.P. , Dermoredjo Saktyanu K. , Sayaka Bambang , de Brauw Alan
Published: July 2024

This study examines how certified rice seed adoption contributes to farmers’ incomes and its impact on agricultural productivity. This study aims to describe the differences between certified and non-certified rice seed adoption on farmers’ income in Simalungun District, specifically in the Siantar and Panombeian Panei sub-districts. The research type was quantitative and descriptive using a survey method. The selection of respondent farmers used a simple random sampling technique, where 40 farmers used certified seeds and 20 farmers used non-certified seeds. The results showed that the average yield of rice farming using the certified seed was 5,615 kg/ha (IDR 26,651,553) with a total production cost of IDR 11,013,535 and a profit of IDR 15,638,018. Meanwhile, the average yield of rice farming using non-certified seed was 4,444 kg/ha (IDR 21,927,198) and the total cost was IDR 9,633,634, and a profit of IDR 12,293,564. The R/C ratios of using certified and non-certified seeds were 2.42 and 2.28, respectively. The analysis showed that certified seeds outperformed non-certified ones in terms of yield, income, and profit. These positive results should encourage the government to promote certified seed adoption to increase rice production and farmers’ incomes.
Huma rice management model and food security system of Baduy indigenous communities, Indonesia
Authors: Lindawati  , Anugrah Iwan S. , Tarigan Herlina , Indraningsih Kurnia S. , Purwantini Tri B. , Hariyanto Wahyudi
Published: July 2024

Huma rice, or upland rice, is the primary food source for the Baduy indigenous community. Huma rice management follows traditional practices, from seed selection, location and planting processes to yield management. The process is managed without modern technology because it is customarily prohibited. It is managed based on local wisdom and survives as a community food reserve pattern. This article aims to analyse the management of huma rice by the Baduy community, both to meet food reserves and traditional ceremonies. The research locus was the Inner Baduy community. The analysis combined primary data and a literature review. The results of the analysis show that the huma rice management pattern uses simple inputs, technology, and an institutional system rooted in local wisdom and traditional values. The quality of grain/rice in leuit can last for decades and guarantee food availability for the Baduy traditional community. This approach has been proven to be a sustainable and long-lasting food management system. Local/regional food governance mechanisms have demonstrated their ability to support national food security, even though they face increasingly limited huma land and its fertility levels. Legality and legal force over customary territories are urgently needed through local and national government policies.
Transformation of civil servant management towards sustainable rice value chain and resilience of rural development in Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan Andhi , Simandjorang Bonataon M.T.V. , Mudrawan Indra
Published: July 2024

The government of Indonesia reaffirmed its commitment to boosting national agricultural production in anticipation of the potential food crisis that is currently plaguing many countries worldwide. Rice production became self-sufficient in 1984 as a result of controlled population expansion. Food security and farmer welfare are two of Indonesia’s Vision 2045’s main objectives. The multi-stakeholder approach is intrinsically linked to these objectives, and civil servants (ASNs) play a critical role as transformators. This article examines the idea of changing civil services to promote the reorganisation of the country’s rice system and putting sustainable practices into the production, handling, distribution, and consumption of rice, as well as the control of food loss and waste. This study employed qualitative approaches through desk research and a thorough review. This research yielded an all-encompassing concept of public servant management transformation through requirements and planning analysis, competency development, career trajectory analysis, talent management, performance evaluation, and welfare provision. Enhancing nutrition, achieving food security, ending hunger, and promoting sustainable agriculture are the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and strengthening Indonesia to accomplish these targets may require transforming bureaucracy.
Recommendations for addressing quality issues of government rice reserve: Indonesia case study
Authors: Widowati Sri , Winarti Christina , Hoerudin  , Tjahjohutomo Rudy
Published: July 2024

The management of government rice reserves (GRR) is crucial for maintaining national food security. However, prolonged storage can lead to a decrease in rice quality. This study aimed to assess the characteristics of rice stored in the GRR warehouse and provide recommendations to address the issue of deteriorating rice quality. This study collected and analysed GRR samples, secondary data, and information from relevant policymakers and stakeholders. The results showed that the quality of GRR, when stored for extended periods of up to 27 months, had notably degraded and was not suitable for human consumption. The main recommendations withdrawn from this study were (1) it is necessary to reconsider the criteria that determine the deterioration of the GRR’s quality as outlined in Minister of Agriculture Decree No. 45 of 2019, mainly moisture content and degree of milling; (2) GRR can be declared as low quality if it meets at least two parameters stated in the Ministerial Regulation, and it is not necessary to meet all four quality reduction parameters; and (3) the release of GRR can be initiated as soon as it has been stored for four months. This is aimed at preserving the quality of the GRR and minimising losses.
Increasing rice farmers’ income through added value and implementing a circular economy
Authors: Saliem Handewi P. , Suryana Achmad , Sumedi  , Suryani Erma , Mardianto Sudi
Published: July 2024

Rice farming is an important economic activity in the national economic setting because it provides employment opportunities for rural families and produces rice as a main staple food for Indonesians. However, rice farmers face an economy of scale issue due to small-scale farming, where around 80% of rice farmers cultivate less than 0.5 ha with an average income from rice farming of approximately IDR 5.46 million/ha/season. This income is obtained only from grain production, whereas parts of the rice plant have the potential to be processed and generate revenue. This study aims to identify opportunities to increase rice farmers’ income by creating added value and processing rice by-products, based on a circular economy approach. The method used was a literature review from published scientific journals supported by secondary data analysis. The study results indicate opportunities to increase rice farmers’ income by utilising straw for organic fertiliser, husk for biochar, many parts of plants for animal feed, and rice bran for functional food. This study recommends that to implement these economic circular activities efficiently, farmers have to work in farmer group organisations such as farmer corporations or farmer-owned enterprises.
Market performance of rice in Banten Province: A structure-conduct-performance approach
Authors: Azis Miftahul , Wahida  , Sumedi  , Yofa Rangga D. , Iffah Sarah I. , Sahabat Imaduddin , Purwanto  , Setiawan Fajar
Published: July 2024

The presence of the modern rice milling industry affects the supply of unhusked grain and rice in Banten Province. Due to larger storage capacity, processing machinery, and efficient business processes, the industry has gained comparative and competitive advantages over other industries in the current market structure. The aim of the study is to analyse the structure, conduct, and performance of the unhusked grain and supply chain from the primary data. The findings revealed that the presence of the modern rice milling industry has short-term effects on the unhusked grain and rice supply chain and has the potential to transform the structure of the unhusked grain and rice market in the long term. This shift also impacts the roles and sustainability of the small- and medium-scale rice milling industries. In the future, market performance will be characterised by an increasing level of competition among entities to secure higher supplies of unhusked grain for processing into rice. The recommended policy changes aim to increase rice production and enhance the regional government’s role through a regional state-owned food business entity in the rice market. Furthermore, the revitalisation of smalland medium-scale rice milling industries demands government support to enhance their operational efficiency.
Root causes of underutilisation of assisted agricultural machinery on rice production in Indonesia
Authors: Setiyanto Adi , Dabukke Frans B.M. , Astari Annisa F. , Azis Miftahul , Sinuraya Julia F. , Ulpah Amalia
Published: July 2024

Several studies have shown that government-assisted agricultural machinery to increase rice production is underutilised optimally. This study aims to identify the problem of this non-optimality. This study employed the Root Cause Analysis (RCA) method with the Cause Effect Diagram (CED) and used data collected from in-depth interviews with 60 experts, who were selected deliberately. Respondents interviewed used the five whys analysis (FWA) technique to investigate the causal relationships of why agricultural machinery was underutilised and to choose policy alternatives employing the prospective simulations approach. The root causes of the non-optimal use of agricultural machinery consist of the suitability of the types of machinery, the limited number and lack of human resource capacities, the business environment, and business management. Policy and program synchronisation and synergy between local and central governments are needed to resolve the root causes of optimising the use of agricultural machinery to increase rice production.
Empowering women farmers in rice agriculture: A bibliometric review of gender-inclusive strategies for sustainable development
Authors: Dani Fatimatuz Z.D.P. , Mardiharini Maesti , Azahari Delima H. , Obaideen Khaled
Published: July 2024

This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to understand changing research trends related to rice, specifically emphasising its associations with gender equality (SDG 5) and reduced inequalities (SDG 10). The study used data from the Scopus database from 1962 to 2023, employing bibliometrics with VOSviewer 1.6.18 software and text-mining methods with RStudio software. The research identifies prevailing themes, detects publication patterns, and determines the most impactful global contributions within the field. The study results from 472 documents exported indicate that agricultural activities highlight the worldwide focus on integrating sustainable farming methods with wider socio-economic goals. The bibliometric data reveals the multifaceted role of rice beyond its basic function of providing sustenance. The analysis highlights the dynamic nature of the rice research community, where collaborative endeavours contribute to generating innovative insights. The significant role of rice in promoting sustainable development pathways and emphasises its potential to drive socio-economic transformation, particularly in the Asian context. Simultaneously, governments must reorient their policy frameworks to facilitate and promote rice research, which will create a favourable environment that encourages innovation and inclusivity.
Rice farmers’ participation in the use of improved technology and its impact on productivity and income
Authors: Ikhwan Rizghina , Ar-Rozi Ahmad M. , Suryadi Muhammad , Ashari
Published: July 2024

Technology and innovation are essential for agricultural development, which makes the production process more efficient. This study aims to examine rice farmers’ participation in the use of high-yielding varieties and agricultural tools and machinery (ATAM) and its impacts on productivity and income. This study used primary data from the 2022 National Farmer Panel (PATANAS) study of five rice-based sample villages. The data were analysed descriptively and using R/C ratio calculations. The results showed that price, taste, and productivity influenced farmers’ participation in the use of new high-yielding varieties. Meanwhile, the use of ATAMs was influenced by the type of agroecosystem. The difference in the productivity of new high-yielding varieties compared to local varieties was 60.4%. The profitability (R/C) of new high-yielding varieties was higher than local varieties, 3.28 vs. 3.09, respectively. Using ATAM at harvest time can reduce yield loss by 4.1–5.4% and harvest time by 71%. The use of combine harvesters results in a higher R/C ratio than without using them, 2.77 vs. 2.49, respectively. The recommendations from the results of this study are to expand the use of new technology, conduct multi-location tests, carry out socialisation, and pay attention to the socio-economic conditions of the community.