bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perlindungan Hukum Dan Penyelesaian Jaminan Fidusia Terhadap Debitur Cidera Janji Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Agustina Amaliasyifa , Aslamiyah Suwaebatul
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini membahas tentang suatu jaminan fidusia dimana debitur melakukan cidera janji atau gagal bayar di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Tidak dipungkiri di Indonesia, membeli kendaraan bermotor dalam pembayarannya dilakukan secara dicicil perbulan dengan tenor (jangka waktu) yang sesuai dengan kontrak pembelinnya, dan Jaminan yang biasa digunakan dalam hal ini yaitu jaminan fidusia.Â  Masa sebelum adanya Covid-19 ini, debitur seringkali banyak yang cidera janji atau gagal bayar di karenakan beberapa faktor dan cara penyelesaian kreditur untuk mengatasinya adalah sesuai perjanjian yang ada penarikan kendaraan bermotor yang dijaminkan dengan fidusia. Bagaimana setelah adanya pandemi Covid-19 tentunya cara penyelesaian akan berbeda dengan kondisi normal pada umumnya, semua aspek terkena dampak dari pandemi Covid-19 ini. Debitur yang seharusnya tidak ada hambatan dalam melakukan pembayaran cicilan, menjadi terhambat bahkan tidak bisa membayar cicilan kendaraan karena terkena dampak dari pandemi ini. Penelitian ini akan bertujuan untuk dapat menghadapi, mengatasi, danÂ  menyelesaikan terkait permasalahan debitur cidera janji di masa pandemi Covid -19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah yuridis normatif dengan melakukan deskritif analitis. Penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi acuan, pedoman, dan sumber informasi teruntuk masyarakat yang mengalami di posisi debitur cidera janji dan bahan masukan untuk kreditur.Â Kata Kunci: Perjanjian, Jaminan, debitur. kreditur
Regulasi Kejahatan Cyber Sebagai Upaya Pertanggungjawaban Pelaku Tindak Pidana Cybersquatting
Authors: Muti’ah Dewi , Mufid Firda Laily
Published: April 2022

Abstract—It’s undeniable that the emergence of the internet is like a double-edged sword, on the one hand it has a positive impact and on the other it has a negative impact. The positive impact of the internet is that we can get various information around the world easily. Misuse of domain names has led to a new crime in the cyber world, namely cybersquatting. Criminals take advantage of well-known domain names by making duplicates of those domain names which then register them for resale to other parties at a higher price. This article uses normative legal research, meaning that the issues raised, discussed and described in this research are focused on applying the rules or norms in positive law. This type of normative juridical research is carried out by examining various kinds of formal legal rules such as laws, literatures that are theoretical concepts which are then related to the problems that are the subject of discussion. The results obtained from writing this article are that regulations regarding cyber regulation in Indonesia are not only regulated in KUHP but also regulated in Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik and that regulations regarding cyber in Indonesia have not yet reached cybersquatting crime.. The current ITE Law is in fact still unable to realize criminal responsibility for cybersquatting perpetrators.
Perbandingan Sistem Pemerintahan Presidensial dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan di Indonesia dan Iran
Authors: Fikri Sultoni , Ukhwaluddin Anang Fajrul
Published: April 2022

Abstract--This paper describes a comparison related to the presidential government system in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and the State of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Some of the basic reasons that make the writer interested in discussing presidential government systems are the existence of standard rules or at least oriented to the United States presidential government system, but in practice, the system tends to follow the conditions of the socio-political-cultural structure that exists in each country. While the background why the author chose Indonesia and Iran to be compared, at least based on several factors. First, related to the history of upheaval in each country, Indonesia has experienced a period of reform and Iran has experienced a period of revolution. Second, Indonesia and Iran are both countries with a majority Muslim population, and Iran makes Islamic values ??the basis of state life. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, Islamic values ??are not fully used as the basis of the state, considering that Indonesia is a diverse country in terms of religion and culture. Third, Indonesia and Iran both use a presidential system of government, but Indonesia and Iran can combine the rules of a presidential government system with the conditions of the socio-political-cultural structure that exist in each country. This research is research using the statutory approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. As a result, there are differences in the implementation of presidential government systems in Indonesia and Iran in several indicators. This is very reasonable because the system of government in a country must adapt to the socio-political historical conditions that exist in both Indonesia and Iran.

 Indonesia, Iran, presidential system.
Analisis Yuridis Pelaksanaan Penggantian Antar Waktu (Paw) Anggota Dprd Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Haryani Anik Tri , Iswati Retno , Wijaya Muhammad Candra
Published: April 2022

Abstract-This research was made with the aim of examining the law relating to the implementation of recall for members of the DPRD in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Recall is regulated in Act Number 17 year 2014 about People's Consultative Assembly, the People's Representative Council, the Regional People's Representative Council. This research studied about suitability of recall implementation with the regulations and the impact on democratic system in Indonesia as a result of recall by members of the DPRD in Special Region of Yogyakarta. The author uses empirical legal research by collecting results from observations and data which supported by interviews with informants. In addition, the author is guided by the rules / regulation in Indonesia. The results of this research are the recall members of the DPRD Yogyakarta have a suitability with Act Number 17 year 2014 about People's Consultative Assembly, the People's Representative Council, the Regional Representative Council and the Regional People's Representative Council. However, the implementation of recall in accordance with these regulations cannot prevent political parties from taking their right to do recall for personal interests of the political parties.
Perlindungan Hak Anak Yang Menjadi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pencurian Dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Magetan Nomor : 4/Pid.Sus-Anak/2021/PN.Mgt
Authors: Yitawati Krista , Sukarjono Bambang , Joyo Adi Nur Rahim Tri Wi
Published: April 2022

Abstract- This study aims to determine the protection of the rights of children who are perpetrators of the crime of theft in the Magetan District Court Decision Number: 4/Pid.Sus-Anak/2021/PN.Mgt. The type of legal research used is normative, research that focuses on positive law in the form of legislation and this research requires secondary legal material as the main legal material. The results showed that the elements of the article that had been fulfilled as stated in the single indictment, namely Article 363 paragraph (1) to the 3rd, 4th, and 5th of the Criminal Code. The judge stated that the children had been legally and convincingly proven guilty of committing the crime of theft. with weighting. The decision taken by the judge in the decision Number: 4/Pid.Sus-Anak/2021/PN.Mgt is not solely made based on legal considerations, but also the surrounding conditions, social status of children, and family circumstances that prioritize the Restorative Justice approach.
Black Lives Matter? Reassessing Alexander Hetherwick of Blantyre
Authors: Ross Kenneth R.
Published: April 2022

The ‘Black Lives Matter’ movement has raised critical awareness of how concepts of race have shaped history. In the context of mission history, this has prompted critical reflection on encounters with the Global South at the intersection of colonial assumptions of the superiority of Western culture and race and the underlying belief in the value of all human beings that drove Christian mission. A simple bifurcation of mission into these impulses, however, oversimplifies the dynamic interplay between the two and fails to adequately gauge how this changed over the longer durée, leaving an unsatisfactory and unresolved polarity. This article re-examines the career of the Scottish missionary Alexander Hetherwick of Blantyre to locate how concepts of race within his thought and action changed throughout a career that spanned the shift of the region from mission field to integrated protectorate within the empire, significantly shaping the formation of modern Malawi.
The Threat of Crisis in the Sermons of Billy Graham during the All Scotland Crusade in 1955
Authors: Jeffrey Kenneth S.
Published: April 2022

Billy Graham was a world-famous Christian evangelist in the twentieth century. He visited Scotland in 1955 and led a six-week campaign that included a series of events held at the Kelvin Hall in Glasgow. Hundreds of thousands of people attended these rallies and many were converted. This paper will discuss how Billy Graham employed the danger of nuclear war during these meetings in his Gospel appeals. It will examine critically the sermons he preached in order to determine how he used this threat of crisis in order to generate spiritual anxiety and encourage people to be ‘born again’ during the All Scotland Crusade.
OTOZOMAL DOMİNANT POLİKİSTİK BÖBREK HASTALIĞININ MANYETİK REZONANS GÖRÜNTÜLEME BULGULARI EŞLİĞİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: DAĞ Nurullah
Published: April 2022

Otozomal dominant polikistik böbrek hastalığı (ODPBH) en sık görülen kalıtımsal böbrek hastalığı olup böbreklerde ilerleyici kistik büyüme ve böbrek fonksiyonlarında bozulma ile karakterizedir. ODPBH multisistemik bir hastalıktır ve hastalık ilerledikçe diğer organlarda da etkileri görülmektedir. ODPBH tanısında ve tedavi etkinliğinin takibinde radyolojik görüntüleme kritik önem taşır. Bu çalışmada amacımız ODPBH’nda böbrek ve böbrek dışı abdominal bulguları manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) ile değerlendirmektir. Ayrıca MRG bulguları ile klinik ve laboratuvar verileri arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, Ocak 2020 ile Kasım 2021 tarihleri arasında, abdominal MRG incelemesi yapılmış, 18 yaş üzeri, 36 hasta incelenmiştir. Ortalama toplam böbrek volümü (TBV) 1113.8±842.2 mL (aralık, 326.5 – 4498.6 mL)’di. 22 hastada (%61) böbrekte hemorajik kist tespit edildi. 31 hastanın (%86.1) karaciğerinde en az 1 adet kist vardı. 11 hastada (%30.6) koledok dilatasyonu saptandı. TBV ile glomerüler filtrasyon oranı, kreatin düzeyleri, koledok dilatasyonu ve karın/yan ağrısı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir korelasyon tespit ettik. Sonuç olarak MRG, ODPBH’na bağlı böbrek ve böbrek dışı bulguların değerlendirilmesinde yararlı bilgiler sağlamaktadır ve etkin bir şekilde kullanılabilir.
Exosomes From Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treat Corneal Injury via Autophagy Activation
Authors: Ma Shisi , Yin Jiayang , Hao Lili , Liu Xiao , Shi Qi , Diao Yuyao , Yu Guocheng , Liu Lian , Chen Jiansu , Zhong Jingxiang
Published: April 2022

Corneal injury (CI) affects corneal integrity and transparency, deteriorating the patient’s quality of life. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms by which exosomes secreted from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSC-Exos) affect autophagy in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and CI models. We isolated and identified hucMSC-Exos using nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and western blotting. The effects of hucMSC-Exos combined with autophagy regulators on HCECs and CI mice were assessed using cell viability assays, scratch assay, cell cycle assay, apoptosis assay, corneal fluorescein staining, haze grades, pathological examinations, western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In vitro results indicated that hucMSC-Exos combined with the autophagy activator had positive effects in promoting the cell proliferation, migration capacity, and the cell cycle by upregulating the proportions of cells in the S phase and the expression of PCNA, Cyclin A, Cyclin E, and CDK2. Meanwhile, the combination treatment reduced the apoptotic rate of HCECs. In vivo results indicated that hucMSC-Exos especially combined them with the autophagy activator significantly alleviated corneal epithelial defects and stromal opacity, reduced the levels of the apoptotic markers Bax and cleaved Caspase-3, reduced the inflammatory response products TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL-2, and increased the Bcl-2. This was achieved by upregulating pAMPK/AMPK and pULK1/ULK1 ratios, and Beclin-1 and LC3B II/I, and by downregulating the pmTOR/mTOR ratio and p62. In contrast, clinical indications, apoptosis, and inflammation were aggravated after the application of the autophagy inhibitor. HucMSC-Exos combined with an autophagy activator significantly enhanced HCECs functions and alleviated corneal defects, apoptosis, and inflammation by activating the autophagy signaling pathway, AMPK-mTOR-ULK1, providing a new biological therapy for corneal wound healing and ocular surface regeneration.
pH/Redox/Lysozyme-Sensitive Hybrid Nanocarriers With Transformable Size for Multistage Drug Delivery
Authors: Liu Zhe , Zhou Dong , Liao Lan
Published: April 2022

The majority of current nanocarriers in cancer treatment fail to deliver encapsulated cargos to their final targets at therapeutic levels, which decreases the ultimate efficacy. In this work, a novel core–shell nanocarrier with a biodegradable property was synthesized for efficient drug release and subcellular organelle delivery. Initially, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were grafted with terminal double bonds originating from N, N′-bisacrylamide cystamine (BAC). Then, the outer coatings consisting of chitosan (CTS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were deposited on the surface of modified AgNPs using an emulsion method. To improve the stability, disulfide-containing BAC was simultaneously reintroduced to cross-link CTS. The as-prepared nanoparticles (CAB) possessed the desired colloidal stability and exhibited a high drug loading efficiency of cationic anticancer agent doxorubicin (DOX). Furthermore, CAB was tailored to transform their size into ultrasmall nanovehicles responding to weak acidity, high glutathione (GSH) levels, and overexpressed enzymes. The process of transformation was accompanied by sufficient DOX release from CAB. Due to the triple sensitivity, CAB enabled DOX to accumulate in the nucleus, leading to a great effect against malignant cells. In vivo assays demonstrated CAB loading DOX held excellent biosafety and superior antitumor capacity. Incorporating all the benefits, this proposed nanoplatform may provide valuable strategies for efficient drug delivery.
Intelligent Prediction of Multi-Factor-Oriented Ground Settlement During TBM Tunneling in Soft Soil
Authors: Ding Zhi , Zhao Lin-Shuang , Zhou Wan-Huan , Bezuijen Adam
Published: April 2022

Tunneling-induced ground surface settlement is associated with many complex influencing factors. Beyond factors related to tunnel geometry and surrounding geological conditions, operational factors related to the shield machine are highly significant because of the complexity of shield-soil interactions. Distinguishing the most relevant factors can be very difficult, for all factors seem to affect tunneling-induced settlement to some degree, with none clearly the most influential. In this research, a machine learning method is adopted to intelligently select features related to tunneling-induced ground settlement based on measured data and form a robust non-parametric model with which to make a prediction. The recorded data from a real construction site were compiled and 12 features related to the operational factors were summarized. Using the intelligent method, two other features in addition to cover depth–pitching angle and rolling angle–were distinguished from among the 12 feature candidates as those most influencing the settlement trough. Another new finding is that advance rate does not emerge in the top 10 selected models from the observational data used. The generated non-parametric model was validated by comparing the measured data from the testing dataset and performance on a new dataset. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the contribution of each factor. According to the results, engineers in general practice should attend closely to pitching angle during tunnel excavation in soft soil conditions.
Hesperidin Ameliorates Dexamethasone-Induced Osteoporosis by Inhibiting p53
Authors: Zhang Meng , Chen Delong , Zeng Ning , Liu Zhendong , Chen Xiao , Xiao Hefang , Xiao Likang , Liu Zeming , Dong Yonghui , Zheng Jia
Published: April 2022

Osteoporosis is one of the most frequent skeletal disorders and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the expanding aging population. Evidence suggests that hesperidin may have a therapeutic impact on osteoporosis. Nevertheless, little is known about the role of hesperidin in the development of osteoporosis. Bioinformatics analyses were carried out to explore the functions and possible molecular mechanisms by which hesperidin regulates osteogenic differentiation. In the present study, we screened and harvested 12 KEGG pathways that were shared by hesperidin-targeted genes and osteoporosis. The p53 signaling pathway was considered to be a key mechanism. Our in vitro results showed that hesperidin partially reversed dexamethasone-induced inhibition of osteogenic differentiation by suppressing the activation of p53, and suggest that hesperidin may be a promising candidate for the treatment against dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis.
The Absence of Caspase-8 in the Dopaminergic System Leads to Mild Autism-like Behavior
Authors: Suárez-Pereira I. , García-Domínguez I. , Bravo L. , Santiago M. , García-Revilla J. , Espinosa-Oliva A. M. , Alonso-Bellido I. M. , López-Martín C. , Pérez-Villegas E. M. , Armengol J. A. , Berrocoso E. , Venero J. L. , de Pablos R. M. , Ruiz R.
Published: April 2022

In the last decade, new non-apoptotic roles have been ascribed to apoptotic caspases. This family of proteins plays an important role in the sculpting of the brain in the early stages of development by eliminating excessive and nonfunctional synapses and extra cells. Consequently, impairments in this process can underlie many neurological and mental illnesses. This view is particularly relevant to dopamine because it plays a pleiotropic role in motor control, motivation, and reward processing. In this study, we analyze the effects of the elimination of caspase-8 (CASP8) on the development of catecholaminergic neurons using neurochemical, ultrastructural, and behavioral tests. To do this, we selectively delete the CASP8 gene in cells that express tyrosine hydroxylase with the help of recombination through the Cre-loxP system. Our results show that the number of dopaminergic neurons increases in the substantia nigra. In the striatum, the basal extracellular level of dopamine and potassium-evoked dopamine release decreased significantly in mice lacking CASP8, clearly showing the low dopamine functioning in tissues innervated by this neurotransmitter. This view is supported by electron microscopy analysis of striatal synapses. Interestingly, behavioral analysis demonstrates that mice lacking CASP8 show changes reminiscent of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Our research reactivates the possible role of dopamine transmission in the pathogenesis of ASD and provides a mild model of autism.
Identification of KIF23 as a Prognostic Biomarker Associated With Progression of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Zonglong , Song Yimeng , Wu Yaqian , Ge Liyuan , Liu Zhuo , Du Tan , Zhang Shudong , Ma Lulin
Published: April 2022

About 3% of adult cancers are caused by renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its pathogenesis remains elusive. Among RCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the predominant histological subtype. Resistance to conventional treatments leaves few treatment options for advanced ccRCC. Although the transcriptome profile of primary ccRCC has been comprehensively summarized, the transcriptome profile of metastatic ccRCC is still lacking. In this study we identified a list of metastasis-related genes and constructing a metastasis-associated prognostic gene signature. By analyzing data from GSE85258 and GSE105288 datasets, 74 genes were identified as metastasis-related genes. To construct prognostic features, we downloaded the expression data of ccRCC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Metastasis-associated genes were initially selected through the LASSO Cox regression analysis and 12 metastasis-related were included to construct prognostic model. Transcriptome profile, patient prognosis, and immune cell infiltration characteristics differed between low- and high-risk groups after grouping according to median risk score. Through explored the functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups. Kinesin family member 23 (KIF23) was identified as a prognostic marker in ccRCC patients. Furthermore, inhibition of KIF23 expression reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of ccRCC cells. We further demonstrated that KIF23 promote nuclear translocation of β-catenin in ccRCC cells, which provides novel insight into the functions and molecular machinery of KIF23 in ccRCC.
The Capacity to Repair Sperm DNA Damage in Zygotes is Enhanced by Inhibiting WIP1 Activity
Authors: Leem Jiyeon , Bai Guang-Yu , Oh Jeong Su
Published: April 2022

Maintaining genome integrity in germ cells is essential not only for successful fertilization and embryo development, but also to ensure proper transmission of genetic information across generations. However, unlike oocytes, sperm are incapable of repairing DNA damage. Therefore, sperm DNA damage is repaired after fertilization in zygotes using maternal DNA repair factors. In this study, we found that zygotic repair of paternal DNA damage is enhanced by inhibiting WIP1 activity. Oxidative stress induced DNA damage in sperm and severely impaired motility. Although DNA damage in sperm did not compromise fertilization, it increased DNA damage in the paternal pronucleus of zygotes. However, WIP1 inhibition during fertilization reduced DNA damage in the paternal pronucleus, improving the rate of two-cell development, and subsequent zygotic genome activation. Therefore, our results suggest that WIP1 inhibition could enhance maternal DNA repair capacity and thereby decrease paternal DNA damage in zygotes.
Clinical Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Pulp Regeneration: Current Endodontic Progress and Future Perspectives
Authors: Kwack Kyu Hwan , Lee Hyeon-Woo
Published: April 2022

Dental caries is a common disease that not only destroys the rigid structure of the teeth but also causes pulp necrosis in severe cases. Once pulp necrosis has occurred, the most common treatment is to remove the damaged pulp tissue, leading to a loss of tooth vitality and increased tooth fragility. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from pulp tissue exhibit mesenchymal stem cell-like characteristics and are considered ideal candidates for regenerating damaged dental pulp tissue owing to their multipotency, high proliferation rate, and viability after cryopreservation. Importantly, DPSCs do not elicit an allogeneic immune response because they are non-immunogenic and exhibit potent immunosuppressive properties. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of the clinical applicability and potential of DPSCs, as well as emerging trends in the regeneration of damaged pulp tissue. In addition, we suggest the possibility of using DPSCs as a resource for allogeneic transplantation and provide a perspective for their clinical application in pulp regeneration.
Venous Thromboembolism Risk Score and Pregnancy
Authors: Raia-Barjat Tiphaine , Edebiri Osasere , Chauleur Céline
Published: April 2022

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pregnancy is associated with the development of a baseline hypercoagulable state. The two strongest risk factors for pregnancy-associated VTE are previous VTE and/or high risk thrombophilia. The others risk factors for VTE during pregnancy are well known such as maternal, pregnancy and delivery characteristics. Considering the variation in recommendation in guidelines and low-quality evidence on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment, practice differs between countries and clinical institutions. Some authors developed risk scores, enabling individualized estimation of thrombotic risk during pregnancy, and permitting implementation of a risk-adapted strategy for thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy and postpartum. This review describes the existing VTE risk scores during the antenatal and postnatal period. The important message beyond the score used is that all women should undergo VTE risk factor assessment. The use of a Computerized Clinical Decision Support System for VTE risk assessment should be explored in obstetrics.
Exertional Dyspnea as the Main Symptom in an Adolescent Athlete With Coronary Artery Anomaly – A Case Report
Authors: Sareban Mahdi , Hergan Klaus , Covi Peter , Niebauer Josef
Published: April 2022

Coronary artery anomalies (CAA) are associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) and the majority of those events occur during exercise. Depending on the anatomic features and severity, CAA usually provoke clinical symptoms of coronary ischemia, mainly syncope and (exertional) chest pain. Here we present a case of a female adolescent athlete with a high-risk CAA variant and an unusual clinical presentation, which delayed diagnosis 2 years after first symptoms were reported. After successful surgical management of the anomalous artery, the patient was determined eligible for competitive sports with unremarkable follow-up examinations.
Evaluating the Therapeutic Alliance With a Free-Text CBT Conversational Agent (Wysa): A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Beatty Clare , Malik Tanya , Meheli Saha , Sinha Chaitali
Published: April 2022

The present study aims to examine whether users perceive a therapeutic alliance with an AI conversational agent (Wysa) and observe changes in the t‘herapeutic alliance over a brief time period. A sample of users who screened positively on the PHQ-4 for anxiety or depression symptoms (N= 1,205) of the digital mental health application (app) Wysa were administered the WAI-SR within 5 days of installing the app and gave a second assessment on the same measure after 3 days (N= 226). The anonymised transcripts of user's conversations with Wysa were also examined through content analysis for unprompted elements of bonding between the user and Wysa (N= 950). Within 5 days of initial app use, the mean WAI-SR score was 3.64 (SD 0.81) and the mean bond subscale score was 3.98 (SD 0.94). Three days later, the mean WAI-SR score increased to 3.75 (SD 0.80) and the mean bond subscale score increased to 4.05 (SD 0.91). There was no significant difference in the alliance scores between Assessment 1 and Assessment 2.These mean bond subscale scores were found to be comparable to the scores obtained in recent literature on traditional, outpatient-individual CBT, internet CBT and group CBT. Content analysis of the transcripts of user conversations with the CA (Wysa) also revealed elements of bonding such as gratitude, self-disclosed impact, and personification. The user's therapeutic alliance scores improved over time and were comparable to ratings from previous studies on alliance in human-delivered face-to-face psychotherapy with clinical populations. This study provides critical support for the utilization of digital mental health services, based on the evidence of the establishment of an alliance.
Hardware-Software Co-Design of an In-Memory Transformer Network Accelerator
Authors: Laguna Ann Franchesca , Sharifi Mohammed Mehdi , Kazemi Arman , Yin Xunzhao , Niemier Michael , Hu X. Sharon
Published: April 2022

Transformer networks have outperformed recurrent and convolutional neural networks in terms of accuracy in various sequential tasks. However, memory and compute bottlenecks prevent transformer networks from scaling to long sequences due to their high execution time and energy consumption. Different neural attention mechanisms have been proposed to lower computational load but still suffer from the memory bandwidth bottleneck. In-memory processing can help alleviate memory bottlenecks by reducing the transfer overhead between the memory and compute units, thus allowing transformer networks to scale to longer sequences. We propose an in-memory transformer network accelerator (iMTransformer) that uses a combination of crossbars and content-addressable memories to accelerate transformer networks. We accelerate transformer networks by (1) computing in-memory, thus minimizing the memory transfer overhead, (2) caching reusable parameters to reduce the number of operations, and (3) exploiting the available parallelism in the attention mechanism computation. To reduce energy consumption, the following techniques are introduced: (1) a configurable attention selector is used to choose different sparse attention patterns, (2) a content-addressable memory aided locality sensitive hashing helps to filter the number of sequence elements by their importance, and (3) FeFET-based crossbars are used to store projection weights while CMOS-based crossbars are used as an attentional cache to store attention scores for later reuse. Using a CMOS-FeFET hybrid iMTransformer introduced a significant energy improvement compared to the CMOS-only iMTransformer. The CMOS-FeFET hybrid iMTransformer achieved an 8.96× delay improvement and 12.57× energy improvement for the Vanilla transformers compared to the GPU baseline at a sequence length of 512. Implementing BERT using CMOS-FeFET hybrid iMTransformer achieves 13.71× delay improvement and 8.95× delay improvement compared to the GPU baseline at sequence length of 512. The hybrid iMTransformer also achieves a throughput of 2.23 K samples/sec and 124.8 samples/s/W using the MLPerf benchmark using BERT-large and SQuAD 1.1 dataset, an 11× speedup and 7.92× energy improvement compared to the GPU baseline.
Subtype-Specific Surface Proteins on Adipose Tissue Macrophages and Their Association to Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance
Authors: Strand Kristina , Stiglund Natalie , Haugstøyl Martha Eimstad , Kamyab Zahra , Langhelle Victoria , Lawrence-Archer Laurence , Busch Christian , Cornillet Martin , Hjellestad Iren Drange , Nielsen Hans Jørgen , Njølstad Pål Rasmus , Mellgren Gunnar , Björkström Niklas K. , Fernø Johan
Published: April 2022

A chronic low-grade inflammation, originating in the adipose tissue, is considered a driver of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Macrophage composition in white adipose tissue is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, but a detailed characterization of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in human obesity and how they are distributed in visceral- and subcutaneous adipose depots is lacking. In this study, we performed a surface proteome screening of pro- and anti-inflammatory ATMs in both subcutaneous- (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and evaluated their relationship with systemic insulin resistance. From the proteomics screen we found novel surface proteins specific to M1-like- and M2-like macrophages, and we identified depot-specific immunophenotypes in SAT and VAT. Furthermore, we found that insulin resistance, assessed by HOMA-IR, was positively associated with a relative increase in pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages in both SAT and VAT.
Coupled Heat and Flow Analysis Inside a Diversion-Type Gas Heater With Vertical Guide Plate Structure
Authors: Guo Yun , Zhang Xuning , Zhou Zhongwei
Published: April 2022

In the natural gas heating process, the cylinder-type heater using water as an intermediate heating medium is the most extensively used. The heat exchange rate between the heating medium water and the fire and gas tubes in the great-capacity cylinder appears to be the most important element affecting a gas heater’s thermal efficiency. The water heat flow field within a new diversion-type gas heater with vertical guide plate design is described in this paper. In contrast to prior research that concentrated on natural convection heat transfer in medium water, the radiation impact is included. The discrete-ordinate model was utilized to build a 2-D combined natural convection and participating medium radiation heat transfer model, which was solved using the finite volume technique with unstructured body-fitted grids. First, experimental data were used to validate the numerical model. The coupled heat flow fields with vertical guide plates of various heights were then analyzed. The numerical findings reveal that utilizing a vertical guide plate structure, the proportion of radiation heat transfer in the total heat transfer rate reaches 25.1%, indicating that water radiation cannot be ignored. The vertical guide plate structure might help to create a well-organized flow pattern in the cylinder, which would improve natural convection heat transfer while having no influence on water radiation. Installing a vertical guide plate with a height of 550 mm and a thickness of 5 mm can lower the overall heat transfer rate in the convective tube bundle by 2.04%. In China, this technique has been given a patent.
Beyond Crystallinity: Using Raman Spectroscopic Methods to Further Define Aggregated/Supramolecular Structure of Cellulose
Authors: Agarwal Umesh P.
Published: April 2022

In the bio-based economy, conversion of biomass to biofuels and other products is essential for developing a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. For this to become a reality, understanding of the biomass ultrastructure is critically important. For instance, to enhance the yield of fermentable sugars from enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, the understanding of the latter’s supramolecular structure and the ability to modify it appropriately is essential. Although cellulose crystallinity is one way to define the aggregated structure, previous research has shown that merely studying how cellulose crystallinity influences the hydrolysis is not good enough. This deduction is based on the fact that not only most crystallinity estimation methods have limitations but also crystallinity measurement inadequately defines the aggregated state of cellulose. Therefore, better approaches to describe the ultrastructure are needed. Raman spectroscopy is particularly well suited to this task because, in addition to crystallinity, several pieces of structure-related information can be generated, which when combined provide a more comprehensive description of the aggregated state. Additionally, the information derived using Raman spectroscopy is more resolved because it comes from spectral features that represent both the aggregated and the molecular states of cellulose. Few examples will be presented to illustrate this capability.
Research on the Flexibility Margin of an Electric–Hydrogen Coupling Energy Block Based on Model Predictive Control
Authors: Han Zijiao , Yuan Shun , Dong Yannan , Ma Shaohua , Bian Yudong , Mao Xinyu
Published: April 2022

Hydrogen energy plays an important role in the transformation of low-carbon energy, and electric–hydrogen coupling will become a typical energy scenario. Aiming at the operation flexibility of a low-carbon electricity–hydrogen coupling system with high proportion of wind power and photovoltaic, this work studies the flexibility margin of an electricity–hydrogen coupling energy block based on model predictive control. By analyzing the power exchange characteristics of heterogeneous energy, the homogenization models of various heterogeneous energy sources are established. According to the analysis of power system flexibility margin, three dimensions of flexibility margin evaluation indexes are defined from the dimension of system operation, and an electricity–hydrogen coupling energy block scheduling model is established. The model predictive control algorithm is used to optimize the power balance operation of the electro–hydrogen coupling energy block, and the flexibility margin of the energy block is quantitatively analyzed and calculated. Through the example analysis, it is verified that the calculation method proposed in this article can not only realize the online power balance optimization of the electric–hydrogen coupling energy block but also effectively quantify the operation flexibility margin of the electric–hydrogen coupling energy block.
A Measurement and Analysis of the Growth of Urban Green Total Factor Productivity——Based on the Perspective of Energy and Land Elements
Authors: Liu Pei , Luo Zhengmao
Published: April 2022

From the perspective of input and output differentiation, using the SBM directional distance function method and Luenberger productivity index, this paper calculates the index of the green total factor productivity (GTFP) growth of 280 cities in China, from 2004 to 2016. This study also analyzes the growth sources of urban GTFP and the decomposition situation of GTFP in four cases, as well as the factors that affect the growth of GTFP. Finally, the following conclusions are drawn: 1) the overall growth trend of GTFP under four different situations of elements input is basically consistent. As a whole, the growth trend can be divided into three stages. The first rising stage of GTFP growth was from 2004 to 2008; the next declining stage was from 2008 to 2012, and a further rising stage occurred from 2012 to 2016. 2) From the decomposition situation of GTFP growth, we can know that the main source of GTFP growth is in the scale efficiency (LSEC) of GTFP. The decomposition of inefficiency levels in four cases shows that the inefficiency of land resources is the highest among many factors. Land resource inefficiency is also the key factor determining the output efficiency; the input inefficiency and bad-output inefficiency between them account for about 50% of the overall inefficiency level. 3) Among the factors that influence GTFP growth, the negative effect of urban land and energy structure is mainly reflected in the pure technology growth (LPTP) and scale efficiency growth (LSEC) of GTFP. In addition, investment in scientific and technological innovation and foreign direct investment both have a significantly positive effect on GTFP growth, as well as in improving urban population density and road area per capita.
Interactions Between Individuals and Sex Rather Than Morphological Traits Drive Intraspecific Dung Removal in Two Dung Beetle Species
Authors: Nervo Beatrice , Laini Alex , Roggero Angela , Fabbriciani Fabrizio , Palestrini Claudia , Rolando Antonio
Published: April 2022

Dung beetle functional ecology has traditionally focused on studying the relation between traits and ecosystem functions in multispecies assemblages, often ignoring the contribution of behavioral interactions and trait variability within species. Here we focus on the factors that affect dung removal at an intraspecific level in two horned dung beetle species with dimorphic males (Onthophagus taurus and Onthophagus verticicornis). By setting treatments for each species with single individuals (one female, F; one major male, M; one minor male, m) or with pairs of individuals (MF, mF, MM, mm, FF), we examined the effect on dung removal of morphological traits (head, pronotum, leg, horn), sex, and interactions between individuals. Our results showed that dung removal at an intraspecific level depended more on sex and behavioral interactions than on the underlying morphological traits, whose effects on dung removal were negligible. Single females generally removed more dung than single males, which suggests that females are more effective than males. In both species, pairs with at least one female (MF, mF, FF) showed high dung removal efficiency, but did not perform differently from the sum of single treatments (M + F, m + f, F + F). This suggests an additive effect: males and females (or two females) join their efforts when they are together. The pairs with only males (MM and mm) removed less dung than the sum of the single individuals (M + M and m + m), which indicates a mutual inhibition of males. In both species, male morphs performed similarly as they removed the same amount of dung. Despite our results are limited to two Onthophagus species, we suggest that the intraspecific functional ecology of dung beetles might be more influenced by behavioral interactions and sex rather than by morphological traits.
Prognostic and Diagnostic Values of Semaphorin 5B and Its Correlation With Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Kidney Renal Clear-Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ding Junping , Zhao Shubin , Chen Xianhua , Luo Changjun , Peng Jinjian , Zhu Jiantan , Shen Yongqi , Luo Zhou , Chen Jianlin
Published: April 2022

Background: Semaphorin 5B (SEMA5B) has been described to be involved in the development and progression of cancer. However, the potential diagnostic and prognosis roles and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in KIRC have not been clearly reported yet.

Methods: The mRNA level of SEMA5B was analyzed via the TCGA and GTEx database as well as the CCLE dataset and verified by GSE53757 and GSE40435 datasets. Meanwhile, the protein level of SEMA5B was analyzed by CPTAC and validated by HPA. The diagnostic value of SEMA5B was analyzed according to the TCGA database and validated by GSE53757, GSE46699, and GSE11024 + GSE46699 datasets. Then, the survival analysis was conducted using GEPIA2. R software (v3.6.3) was applied to investigate the relevance between SEMA5B and immune checkpoints and m6A RNA methylation regulator expression. The correlation between SEMA5B and MMRs and DNMT expression and tumor-infiltrating immune cells was explored via TIMER2. Co-expressed genes of SEMA5B were assessed by cBioPortal, and enrichment analysis was conducted by Metascape. The methylation analysis was conducted with MEXPRESS and MethSurv online tools. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to annotate the biological function of SEMA5B.

Results: SEMA5B was significantly upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in KIRC. Further analysis demonstrated that the mRNA expression of SEMA5B was significantly correlated with gender, age, T stage, pathologic stage, and histologic grade. High levels of SEMA5B were found to be a favorable prognostic factor and novel diagnostic biomarker for KIRC. SEMA5B expression was shown to be significantly associated with the abundance of immune cells in KIRC. Also, SEMA5B expression was significantly correlated with the abundance of MMR genes, DNMTs, and m6A regulators in KIRC. Enrichment analysis indicated that the co-expressed genes may involve in crosslinking in the extracellular matrix (ECM). GSEA disclosed that SYSTEMIC_LUPUS_ERYTHEMATOSUS and NABA_ECM_REGULATORS were prominently enriched in the SEMA5B low-expression phenotype. Finally, the methylation analysis demonstrated a correlation between hypermethylation of the SEMA5B gene and a poor prognosis in KIRC.

Conclusion: Increased SEMA5B expression correlated with immune cell infiltration, which can be served as a favorable prognostic factor and a novel diagnostic biomarker for KIRC.
Genetic Basis of Dorper Sheep (Ovis aries) Revealed by Long-Read De Novo Genome Assembly
Authors: Qiao Guoyan , Xu Pan , Guo Tingting , Wu Yi , Lu Xiaofang , Zhang Qingfeng , He Xue , Zhu Shaohua , Zhao Hongchang , Lei Zhihui , Sun Weibo , Yang Bohui , Yue Yaojing
Published: April 2022

Dorper sheep (Ovis aries) (DPS), developed in the 1930s by crossing Dorset Horn and Blackhead Persian sheep in South Africa, is a world-famous composite breed for mutton production. The genetic basis underlying this breed is yet to be elucidated. Here, we report the sequencing and assembly of a highly contiguous Dorper sheep genome via integration of Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) sequencing and Hi-C (chromatin conformation capture) approaches. The assembled genome was around 2.64 Gb with a contig N50 of 73.33 Mb and 140 contigs in total. More than 99.5% of the assembled sequences could be anchored to 27 chromosomes and they were annotated with 20,450 protein-coding genes. Allele-specific expression (ASE) genes of Dorper sheep were revealed through ASE analysis and they were involved in the immune system, lipid metabolism, and environmental adaptation. A total of 5,701 and 456 allelic sites were observed in the SNP and indels loci identified from relevant whole-genome resequencing data. These allelic SNP and INDEL sites were annotated in 1,002 and 294 genes, respectively. Moreover, we calculated the number of variant sites and related genes derived from the maternal and paternal ancestors, revealing the genetic basis of outstanding phenotypic performance of Dorper sheep. In conclusion, this study reports the first reference genome of Dorper sheep and reveals its genetic basis through ASE. This study also provides a pipeline for mining genetic information of composite breeds, which has an implication for future hybrid-breeding practices.
IL-27 Modulates the Cytokine Secretion in the T Cell–Osteoclast Crosstalk During HIV Infection
Authors: Li Tong , Hadigan Colleen , Whitlock Jarred M. , Qin Jing , Kumar Jai , Kumar Princy , Catalfamo Marta
Published: April 2022

In People with HIV (PWH), chronic immune activation and systemic inflammation are associated with increased risk to develop comorbidities including bone loss. Numerous cells of the immune system, namely, T cells are involved in the regulation of the bone homeostasis and osteoclasts (OCs) activity. IL-27, a cytokine that belongs to the IL-12 family can regulate the secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by T cells, however its role in the setting of HIV is largely unknown. In the present study, we determined the impact of OCs in T cell secretion of cytokines and whether IL-27 can regulate this function. We found that the presence of OCs in the T cell cultures significantly enhanced secretion of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-17, RANKL, and IL-10 in both PWH and healthy controls. In PWH, IL-27 inhibited IL-17 secretion and downregulated surface expression of RANKL in CD4 T cells. All together these results suggest that in the context of HIV infection IL-27 may favor IFNγ and TNFα secretion at the sites of bone remodeling.