bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Etude morphologique de 140 cultivars de manioc dans l’ex- Province Orientale en Republique Democratique du Congo
Authors: Empata Lydie , Likiti Olivier , Bulonza Jean-Claude , Dowiya Benjamin , Monde Godefroid
Published: August 2024

La présente étude a analysé la diversité morphologique des cultivars de manioc dans de différentes zones agroécologiques de l’ex- Province Orientale en RD Congo sur base de 11 descripteurs. Les 140 cultivars de manioc morphologiquement identifiés sont répartis  dans la Tshopo (57), le Bas–Uele (44), le Haut-Uele (27) et l’Ituri (12). L’analyse descriptive des caractères qualitatifs a révélé un  polymorphisme phénotypique utile pour la création des variétés améliorées. Les différents cultivars de manioc ont été de couleurs des  feuilles apicales variées allant de vert sombre (55/140), vert clair (40/140), pourpre (38/140) à vert pourpre (7/140). Les couleurs de  nervures ont été vert (69/140), rouge (17/140), pourpre (10/140), vpmf (35/140), Rpmf (9/140). Les couleurs de pétiole ont varié de rouge,  vert rougeâtre, pourpre à vert. Les cultivars portant des feuilles à lobes ovoïdes lancéolées ont été prédominants. La contribution des composantes principales CI et CII à la variation totale a été de 98,64%, à l’aide d’une analyse factorielle discriminante. La classification  Ascendante Hiérarchique réalisée sur base de coefficient de similarité a permis de structurer ces accessions en 3 groupes de diversité morphologique. Le troisième groupe était similaire au deuxième avec 71% et les deux étaient similaires au premier groupe avec 36%.
 
English title: Morphological study of 140 cultivars of cassava within ex-Oriental Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo
This study analyzed the morphological diversity of cassava cultivars in different agroecological zones of the former Orientale Province in  DR Congo on the basis of 11 descriptors. The 140 morphologically identified cassava cultivars were distributed in Tshopo (57), Bas-Uele  (44), Haut-Uele (27) and Ituri (12). Descriptive analysis of qualitative characteristics revealed a phenotypic polymorphism useful for the  creation of improved varieties. The different cassava cultivars varied in apical leaf colour from dark green (55/140), light green (40/140),  purple (38/140) to purple green (7/140). Vein colours were green (69/140), red (17/140), purple (10/140), vpmf (35/140), Rpmf (9/140).  Petiole colours varied from red, reddish green, purple to green. Cultivars with ovate lanceolate lobed leaves were predominant. The  contribution of the CI and CII principal components to the total variation was 98.64%, using discriminant factor analysis (DFA) performed  on the variables. Hierarchical ascending classification based on similarity coefficients was used to structure the accessions into 3 morphological diversity groups. The third group was similar to cultivars of the second group by 71% and both were similar to the first  group by 36%.
Evaluation Technico-financière de l’embouche bovine en zone forestière au Cameroun
Authors: Ngah Patrick Freddy Bouli Osoe , Kana Ornella Sokeng , Hako Arnaud Blaise Touko , Housseini Nihi , Koulagna Denis Koutou , Bitom Lucien Dieudonne , Amougou Gregoire Messi , Babio Pierre Gado
Published: August 2024

Du 23 novembre 2021 au 23 février 2022, une étude expérimentale d’embouche s’est déroulée au sein de l’Ecole Pratique de Binguela  (EPAB) dans la Région du Centre au Cameroun. 40 taureaux de race Goudali de 2 à 3 ans ont été répartis en Lot témoin L0 (10 sujets) et  lots expérimentaux (L1 et L2 de 15 sujets). Trois rations constituées uniquement de Pennisetum purpureum pour le lot L0, de Pennisetum  et d’une supplémentation sans son de blé pour le lot L1 et avec son de blé pour le lot L2 ont été distribuées aux sujets pendant 90 jours. A l’issue de l’expérimentation, un Gain de poids moyen de 74,94±13,11 kg, 102,17±18,49 kg et 116,03±17,66 kg pour un  Indice de consommation 21,99±25,09 ; 9,60±5,35 et 8,04±3,38 ont été obtenus pour L0, L1 et L3.Sur le plan financier, la réalisation de  l’embouche a nécessité la mobilisation de 546483,33±83123,24 FCFA ; 1436620,83±318522,40 FCFA ; 1490620,83±338776,76 FCFA  respectivement pour L, L1 et L2 et permis dans le même ordre de générer une marge bénéficiaire par animal de 71812,96±6594,69 FCFA, 109651,94±18 057,62 FCFA et 108998,61±19629,58 FCFA. Une différence significative (p<0,05) a été observée pour les paramètres  zootechniques et financiers entre les lots expérimentaux et le Lot témoin, ce dernier ayant une meilleure rentabilité.
 
English title: Technical and financial evaluation of cattle fattening in forest area in Cameroon 
From November 23, 2021 to February 23, 2022, an experimental fattening study took place at the Binguela Practical School (EPAB) in the  Center Region of Cameroon. 40 Goudali bulls aged of 2 to 3 years were divided into control batch L0 (10 subjects) and experimental  batches (L1 and L2 of 15 subjects). Three rations consisting only of Pennisetum purpureum for batch L0, Pennisetum and  supplementation without wheat bran for batch L1 and with wheat bran for batch L2 were distributed to the subjects for 90 days. At the  end of the experiment, an average weight gain of 74.94±13.11 kg, 102.17±18.49 kg and 116.03±17.66k g for a consumption index of  21.99±25.09; 9.60±5.35 and 8.04±3.38 were obtained respectively for L0, L1 and L3. Financially, carrying out the fattening required the  mobilization of 546 483.33±83 123.24 FCFA; 1 436 620.83±318 522.40 FCFA; 1 490 620.83±338 776.76 FCFA respectively for L0, L1 and L2. The  activity generated a profit margin per animal of 71 812.96±6 594.69 FCFA, 109 651.94±18 057.62 FCFA and 108 998.61±19 629.58 FCFA.  A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed for all the zootechnical and financial parameters between the experimental batches and  the control batch, the latter having better profitability.
Identification of fungal species isolated from diseased cabbages in the western highlands of Cameroon
Authors: Nsah Francoline S. , Kinge Tonjock R. , Annih Mbong G.
Published: August 2024

Some fungal species of cabbage are pathogenic contributing significantly to pre-harvest and post-harvest loses leading to food  insecurity. Therefore, a study was carried out to identify fungal species on diseased cabbage in the Western highlands of Cameroon. One  hundred samples of diseased cabbage were collected from Santa and Dschang. Fungal species was isolated from the leaves, and cultural  and molecular identification of the Internal Transcript Spacer (ITS) and Translation Elongation Factor (TEF) gene regions was done. The  results of cultural study indicated that out of 100 samples, 81 were infected with fungi species. The results of molecular identification of  fungal isolates base on ITS regions revealed that a total of 45 fungal species belonging to 12 genera with Trichoderma being the highest  with 16 isolates followed by Fusarium with 10 isolates. The fungal species identified from TEF regions showed that 51 species of fungal  species were isolated from cabbage belonging to 8 genera with Trichoderma the most dominant (26 species) closely followed by  Fusarium (16 species). The results clearly revealed that molecular identification was more accurate in identifying fungi species than the  cultural method. The identified fungal species will be used in pathogenicity test to know the actual pathogens of cabbage and to devise  appropriate control measures.
Subcutaneous immunotherapy against tree pollen, grass pollen, artemisia pollen, Alternaria alternata and house dust mites efficiency mediators: a review
Authors: Lisiecka Maria Zofia
Published: August 2024

Subcutaneous immunotherapy is a preferred desensitization technique against allergens, however generalized efficacy criteria are  lacking. This research aimed to gather data on methods to determine the efficacy of subcutaneous therapy for various allergens  including tree pollen, grass pollen, artemisia pollen, Alternaria alternata and house dust mites. Immunologic methods assessing IgE,  interleukin levels, arachidonic acid metabolites, TNF-α, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ in patient plasma pre and post-treatment are best to determine  efficacy as these markers directly relate to allergic reactions. In this study publications, scientific articles and research related  to the effectiveness of subcutaneous immunotherapy against tree pollen (hazelnut, alder, birch), grass pollen, artemisia pollen, Alternaria  alternata and house dust mites were used. An extensive review of the scientific literature using various scientific databases,  including PubMed, Scopus, was carried out. Clinical parameters depend on reaction type. For atopic dermatitis, SCORAD and visual  analog scales reflect skin damage and quality of life. For asthma, PEFR, FEV1 and FVC 25%-75% determine bronchoobstruction severity.  For rhinoconjunctivitis, visual analog and RQLQ scales assess quality of life and severity. Other efficacy measures are reductions in  maintenance medications, glucocorticoids, and provocation test responses.
State of knowledge and research perspectives of Sclerocarya birrea subspecies birrea: a review
Authors: Satassa Hien , Lassina Traore , Kuilpoko Guissou Laure Marie , Mette Anne Lykke
Published: August 2024

Sclerocarya birrea subspecies birrea is an underutilized indigenous fruit tree from sub-Saharan Africa. This literature review aims to  provide an overview of the current knowledge about this species and identify research and development perspectives. Google Scholar,  Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Dimensions were used to compile scientific articles, books, and thesis. Sclerocarya birrea subspecies  birrea is well-known throughout its distribution range. Its fruit pulp and seeds are widely used for human consumption, leaves, bark, and  roots are valued in traditional medicine. However genetic and phenotypic diversity of this species remains undescribed. The population  structure shows that the species is underrepresented in the smaller diameter size classes, indicating a potential future decline. To  facilitate conservation and domestication efforts of Sclerocarya birrea subspecies birrea, further research is needed to assess the species  varieties included local knowledge, as well as, regeneration potential, fruit yield, and commercialization potentials.
Évaluation de la qualité des sels alimentaires consommés au Sénégal
Authors: Diop Tidiane , Ndiolene Adrienne , Traore Alassane , Ndiaye Maguette , Sidibe Mamadou , Diop Cheikh Abdoul Khadir
Published: August 2024

Le sel de cuisine de qualité alimentaire est iodé pour des motifs de santé publique, pour prévenir les troubles dus à une déficience en  iode (TDI). Les quantités maximales et minimales sont normés. Le sel, produit naturel, contient des métaux lourds, des sulfates… en  proportion variable. Certains éléments traces métalliques peuvent devenir toxiques lorsque la concentration dépasse un certain seuil.  L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la qualité des sels de cuisine au Sénégal. Cette qualité sera évaluée par rapport à la norme  Sénégalaise NS03-037 (1994). De septembre à octobre 2022, cent douze (112) échantillons de sels ont été collectés à Dakar, Fatick, Thiès  et Kaolack, Tambacounda, Saint-Louis et Ziguinchor. Les teneurs d’iode ont été déterminés par la méthode NS03-038 (1994). Les métaux  lourds ont été déterminé par ICP-OES. L’analyse qualitative des sulfates, carbonates et autres éléments chimiques a été effectuée par  spectroscopies de fluorescence-x et infrarouge. Le dosage des sulfates a été effectué par spectrophotomètre Hach DR3900 par la  méthode turbidimétrique après réaction avec le baryum du réactif SulfaVer 4. Les résultats révèlent que 25% des sels ont des teneurs  d’iode comprise entre 30-50 ppm c’est-à-dire adéquatement iodés. Par ailleurs nos résultats ont montré que 50% des échantillons étaient  sous-iodés et 25% sur-iodés. Les teneurs en métaux lourds (As, Cd, Hg, Pb et Cu) sont globalement acceptables par rapport à la  norme sénégalaise en concordance avec la norme codex. La quantification des sulfates montre de fortes teneurs. L’étude montre que  l’état d’iodation des sels n’est pas satisfaisant et ils contiennent d’autres éléments chimiques comme les sulfates. Ceci montre que des  actions urgentes doivent être menées pour améliorer la qualité du sel iodé au Sénégal.
Free radical scavenging activity and HPLC-MS identification of major anthocyanin in ripe Ziziphus mucronata fruit collected in Burkina Faso
Authors: Noba Arrounan , Dabire Constantin M. , Bationo Remy K. , Bazie Bazoin Sylvain Raoul , Ouoba Paulin , Koala Moumouni , Hema Adama , Kabre Elie , Pale Eloi , Nacro Mouhoussine
Published: August 2024

In recent decades, interest in anthocyanin pigments has increased due to their possible use as natural food colorants, antioxidants, and  anti-inflammatory agents. This study aimed to identify the major anthocyanins in ripe Ziziphus mucronata fruit harvested in the  Niangoloko classified forest. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS was used to identify anthocyanins. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids  (TFC) were assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the spectrophotometric method of Khan (2012) respectively. Total anthocyanin content (TAC) was obtained using a differential pH method. Total antioxidant potential (TAC) was carried out using DPPH and ABTS tests.  Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-galactoside were major anthocyanins identified by HPLC-MS. Quantitative analysis showed that  this fruit contains an average of 321 ± 11 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE), 3815 ± 15 mg quercetin equivalent (QE), and 9.64 ± 0.70 mg  cyanidin 3-O-glucoside equivalent per 100 g fresh fruit. Total antioxidant contents ranged between 206.57 ± 7.00 and 88.72 ± 0.87 mg TE/100 g fresh fruit. Free radical scavenging activity of Ziziphus mucronata fruit was found to be 342.90 µg/mL, while that of standard  Trolox was 21.8 µg/mL. Therefore, Ziziphus mucronata fruit could be a potential source of natural bioactive substances of great interest  to consumers.
Acute toxicity assessment of chloroxylenol on the whirligig beetle, Orectogyrus alluaudi (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae)
Authors: Amusan Babatunde O. , Koleosho Ayorinde F. , Richard Godswill E.
Published: August 2024

This study assessed the acute toxicological effects of different concentrations of chloroxylenol (PCMX), an active ingredient in most liquid  cleaning products, on the whirligig beetle Orectogyrus alluaudi Regimbart, 1889. This was done with the aim of determining the potential  lethal effects of the chemical on this aquatic beetles. Whirligig beetles sourced from an unpolluted stream were subjected to  varying concentrations of PCMX in controlled laboratory conditions. Five concentrations ranging from 2 to 32 mg/l were utilized alongside  control groups, with exposure durations spanning 24 to 96 hours. Observations revealed alterations in the beetles' behaviour  and swimming patterns preceding mortality. Calculated median lethal concentration (LC50) values at 24 to 96 hours demonstrated a  concentration-dependent increase in mortality rates, with LC50 values ranging from 21.587 to 7.819 mg/L. This study underscores the  detrimental impact of PCMX on aquatic beetle populations, providing valuable insights into the environmental risks associated with  common cleaning agents.
Exploring Chamaerops humilis L. fruit: physical, chemical, sensory, and FTIR analysis, along with optimization of phenolic antioxidant extraction
Authors: Derraji Hamza , Kzaiber Fouzia , Oussama Abdelkhalek , Terouzi Wafa
Published: August 2024

The Beni Mellal-Khenifra region in Morocco boasts one of the largest forested areas in the country, rich in resources that remain  underutilized. Among these resources is the Chamaerops humilis L. fruit, which is the focus of this study. Despite its potential value, the  fruit has been largely overlooked. In this study, we comprehensively examined the physical-chemical, phytochemical screening, and  sensory attributes of Chamaerops humilis L. fruit. Physical analysis revealed variations in fruit size, weight, providing insights into factors  influencing these characteristics. Chemical analysis unveiled the fruit's moderate titratable acidity, mildly acidic pH, substantial dry  matter content, and noteworthy ash content, indicative of its nutritional composition. The extraction of phenolic compounds total  phenolic content TPC, total flavonoid content TFC and antioxidant DPPH (IC50) activity was optimized using simplex centroid design using  various extractor solvents (acetone, water and methanol) as well as their combinations in pairs (binary) and threes (ternary). The outcomes showed that the best combination for achieving the highest levels of TPC and TFC, along with enhanced antioxidant activities  was the binary acetone-water mixture. Sensory evaluation indicated a moderately acceptable taste, well-received color, and other  organoleptic qualities, offering valuable insights into consumer preferences. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic  method with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy identified seven distinctive bands in the fruit pulp spectrum, providing evidence of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and unique functional groups within the fruit. These findings collectively enhance our  understanding of the multifaceted utility of Chamaerops humilis L. fruit, highlighting its potential in nutrition and traditional medicine,  and emphasize the importance of further research to explore its applications and promote dietary diversity and well-being.
Évaluation de la qualité physico-chimique du lait cru produit et commercialisé à Moundou (Tchad)
Authors: Gondimo Elysee Gabdibe , Doutoum Abdelsalam Adoum , Nazal Alhadj Markhous , Djamalladine Doungous Mahamat , N'djekouanodji Serge , Tidjani Abdelsalam
Published: August 2024

Cette étude menée dans le but d’évaluer la qualité physico-chimique du lait cru produit à Moundou au Tchad a porté sur trente (30)  échantillons qui ont été analysés au laboratoire physico-chimie du Centre de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires (CECOQDA)  de N’Djaména. Le pH a été mesuré au moyen d’un pH-mètre électronique, l’acidité Dornic par titration, la densité au moyen du rapport  entre le même volume de lait et de l’eau, les matières grasses par la méthode soxhlet et les protéines par la méthode Kjeldahl. Les  résultats ont montré un pH satisfaisant dans 70% de cas avec une valeur moyenne de 6,69, la densité avec une moyenne de 1,019 n’était  satisfaisante que dans 6,70% de cas et l’acidité titrable n’a montré aucune satisfaction sur les trente échantillons considérés. La  proportion satisfaisante de matières grasses n’était que de 16,70%. Le dosage des protéines était satisfaisant dans 33,33% de cas contre  66,70% d’échantillons qui avaient une teneur faible. Ces résultats d’analyses physico-chimiques compromettant l’innocuité du lait  pourraient servir à sensibiliser les acteurs de cette filière en vue d’une amélioration de leur niveau de technicité.
 
English title: Evaluation of the physico-chemical quality of raw milk produced and marketed in Moundou (Chad)
This study, carried out to assess the physico-chemical quality of raw milk produced in Moundou, Chad, involved thirty (30) samples which  were analyzed at physico-chemical laboratory of Physico-chemistry laboratory of the Food Quality Control Center (CECOQDA). pH was  measured using an electronic pH meter, Dornic acidity by titration, density by the ratio of the same volume of milk to water, fat by the  soxhlet method and protein by the Kjeldahl method. The results showed a satisfactory pH in 70% of cases, with an average value of 6.69;  density, with an average of 1.019, was only satisfactory in 6.70% of cases, and titratable acidity was not satisfactory in any of the thirty  samples considered. The satisfactory fat content was only 16.70%. Protein levels were satisfactory in 33.33% of cases, compared with  66.70% of samples with low levels. These results of physico-chemical analyses compromising the safety of milk could be used to raise the  awareness of the players in this sector with a view to improving their level of technical expertise.
Perception of Agricultural Extension Personnel on the Use of Music in Disseminating Agricultural Information in Ondo State Nigeria
Authors: Fasina Oluwatosin Oluwasegun
Published: August 2024

The study examined the preferences and perceptions of agricultural extension personnel on the use of music as a tool for agricultural information dissemination. Forty-four out of 50extension agents in Ondo state were randomly selected for the study. Chi-square and the Pearson Product Moment Correlation were used to analyse data. The study revealed that all (100.0%) respondents accepted the use of music as a tool for agro-information dissemination. The music genre most preferred was gospel (63.64%). All (100.0%) respondents also had a favourable disposition towards its use. Only work cadre was significantly associated with the perception of the use of music for agro-information dissemination (ꭓ2 = 13.036). In designing music-based messages, consideration should be given to the incorporation of a variety of genres or styles to appeal to a broader audience.
Socio-economic and Technological Factors Affecting Food Security Among Farming Households in Delta and Edo States, Nigeria
Authors: Ehiwario Fridday Akasiri , Onyemekonwu Raymond Chukwuka , Onemolease Eddy Agbator
Published: August 2024

The study examined the socio-economic and technological factors affecting food security among farming households in Delta and Edo States, Nigeria by determining the food security status of the farming households, examining the farm technologies adopted by the households, and determinants of the farming household food security status. Data from 425 respondents were analyzed using frequency mean, percentage, and Logit regression. The result shows that a high proportion of the respondents adopted fertilizer (93.88%), improved seeds (74.82%), and pesticides (73.18%). The level of food insecurity among farming households was very high (97.4%). Food security was significantly correlated with respondents’ education, household size, membership of the cooperative society, farm income, extension services received/accessed, and technologies adopted. It was concluded that the level of food insecurity among farming households is high. The study recommended promoting the adoption of improved farming technologies among the farmers with the extension agency deepening its outreach services to farming households.
Utilisation of Open Databases in Accessing Agricultural Information among Agricultural Professionals in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Elliot Laura Ime , Ifeanyi-Obi Chinwoke Clara
Published: August 2024

This study assessed the utilization of open databases in accessing agricultural information among agricultural professionals in Rivers State. Two-stage sampling procedure was used to select 240 respondents for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the study, while data collected were analysed using mean score, percentages, frequency, Ordinary Least regression analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results show that the agriculture professionals were mainly aware of Global Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition (GODAN) (100%), National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) (96%), World Bank (70%), FAO FAOSTAT (69%) and Nigeria Metrological Agency (NiMET) (68%), while NBS (95%), World Bank (84%), National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison (58%) and FAO-FAOSTAT (53%) were the mainly utilized open data bases. The level of education (2.535, p < .05), work experience (0.084, p < .05, household size (0.382, p < .05), age (0.2886, p < .05) and marital status (-2.517, p < .05) were found to influence agriculture professional’s utilisation of open data bases for accessing agriculture information. Also, significant differences existed in the utilization of open databases among agricultural professionals in Rivers state (F (2,237) =2.950, p < .05). The study recommends massive sensitisation and training of agricultural profession to develop skill and capacity for increased use of open data bases.
Effectiveness of Application of Knowledge of Agricultural Training Among Farmer-Scientist Training Participants in the Philippines
Authors: Cayabyab Byron Amadeus G , Serrano Evelie P , Quimbo Maria Ana T. , Calalo Filma C.
Published: August 2024

This study examined the results of the Farmer-Scientists Training Program in two Luzon municipalities using a qualitative multiple-case study design and Kirkpatrick’s Training Evaluation Model (1998). The research analysed the effectiveness of the application of knowledge of agricultural training and identified challenges in applying post-training knowledge. Data collection involved a complete enumeration (n=43) among training participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted along with Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). The analysis combined percentages and means with qualitative excerpts. The participants’ reactions revealed that 88.4% considered the program relevant and were satisfied with its implementation (9.3 mean satisfaction). All participants could enumerate and explain the topics covered. However, only 76.7% applied their learnings, suggesting barriers to practical implementation. The application of knowledge was reported to enhance productivity, farm efficiency, and social relationships. The FSTP has effectively facilitated the application of knowledge gained by its participants. Key challenges identified include insufficient farm inputs, infrastructure, and market linkages. To overcome these challenges, it is recommended to include processing value-added products in the training curriculum and provide farm inputs. Government support is also needed to provide the necessary irrigation infrastructure and market linkages for the benefit of the farmers.
Indigenous Climate Change Adaptation Strategies among Crop Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Agboola Abiodun Fafolarin , Famakinwa Michael , Williams Sheriff Olatunji , Akerele Oluwafisayomi Abisola
Published: August 2024

The study assessed the indigenous climate change adaptation strategies employed by crop farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. Primary data were gathered from 170 crop farmers across the state. A pre-tested structured interview schedule was used to elicit quantitative information from the respondents. The data were analysed with percentages and means. The results showed that the chirping of crickets, the appearance of cattle egrets, an army of ants, and the abundance of flying termites were the major agroecological indicators used to predict seasonal climate change. Erratic rainfall patterns (94.1%) and unusual early rains followed by weeks of dryness (92.9%) were the noticeable features of climate variability. The major indigenous strategies used were Indigenous agroecological knowledge ( diversifying cropping patterns ( =2.82) and =2.82). Major constraints limiting the utilisation of indigenous adaptation strategies were insufficient documentation of Indigenous strategy (98.8%) and limited support from the younger generation (96.2%). Most crop farmers had in-depth knowledge of indigenous agroecological indicators in their environment and employed multiple indigenous strategies to cushion the effects of climate change. There is a need to integrate indigenous adaptation strategies with modern scientific knowledge by relevant stakeholders to boost crop production and ensure food security.
Determinants of the Quality of Delivery of Agricultural Training Programs among Farmers in Greater Giyani Municipality, South Africa
Authors: Tshikororo Mashudu , Tshikororo Mpho , Chavalala Zanele
Published: August 2024

The study assessed specific technical factors, such as poor scheduling, lack of briefing sessions and timeous advertisement, curriculum misalignment, and lack of training packages, influence the delivery of agricultural training programs among farmers in the Great Giyani Municipality of Mopani District, Limpopo Province. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 156 farmers who were beneficiaries of the agricultural training programs. The structured questionnaires were used to collect the study data, which was analysed using the Binary Logistic model. The study indicated that these technical factors negatively impacted the delivery of quality agricultural training. Meanwhile, technical aspects such as ideal instruction using local language and commodity-tailored content positively influence the delivery of agricultural training programs. The study recommends that there should be enhanced collaborations between training providers and potential participants or beneficiaries to design tailored training programs that address specific needs.
Effect of Leventis Foundation Nigeria Agripreneurship Programme on Selected Livelihood Outcomes of Beneficiaries in Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Orifah Martins Olusegun , Bolarinwa Folakemi Rashidat , Ahungwa Gabriel Ternenge , Mukhtar Umar , Muktar Bashir Garba , Khan Nawab
Published: August 2024

The study assessed the effect of the Leventis Foundation Nigeria (LFN) Agripreneurship programme on beneficiaries’ selected livelihood outcomes in Kano State, Nigeria. The study deployed a multi-stage sampling procedure to select 109 LFN agripreneurship programme beneficiaries. Data collected were analysed using percentages, means, standard deviation and t-tests. Results showed that community leaders, radio and the internet were the main sources of information for respondents on LFN. The results also showed that respondents 22 majorly specialized in livestock and crop production. There was a significant difference between the income of beneficiaries before and after the programme. Furthermore, the effect of the programme on the food security status of the beneficiaries was moderate (WMA=2.7). Economic instability, inadequate finance, and poor state of infrastructure were the major constraints encountered during and after the programme. The study concluded that the LFN agripreneurship programme had a positive effect on the beneficiaries. It is recommended that similar programmes such as this be established and supported by non-governmental organizations and the government across the country.
Extension Agents' Perspective on the Effect of Funders’ Mandate and Fund Access in Sustainable Development in Ogun State Nigeria
Authors: Aromolaran Adetayo Kazeem , Sanusi Nurudeen Olayinka , Bamiduro Precious Oluwafunmilayo , Wole-Alo Felicia Itunnu , Tiamiyu Lukman Olayinka
Published: August 2024

This study examined extension agents’ viewpoints on how funders’ mandates and access to funds influence sustainable development in Ogun State. Simple random sampling was used to select 80 extension agents, and the data collected were analysed with frequency count, percentages and mean statistics. Findings revealed that eleven projects were funded, mainly by IITA (4) and the World Bank (3). The major challenges were too many instructions and requirements for accessing funds and a short project timeframe. Most (82.5%) of the respondents perceived that funders’ mandates and fund access impede sustainable development. It is concluded that the stridency of accessing funds and fund mandates could make agricultural projects fail. It is recommended that funders and funded organizations address these issues for the smooth implementation of sustainable agriculture and development.
Radiometric and geomagnetic study of Kargi area, Marsabit – Kenya; radiation as possible cancer cause
Authors: Aguko Willis , Kinyua Robert , Githiri John Gitonga
Published: August 2024

Radiometric and Magnetic studies were carried out in Kargi, at 2°28´36.9984˝ and 2°31´14.9988˝ N and 37°32´34.0008˝ and 37°36´6.9984˝ E. The  focus of this study was to characterize radio-activity in soil and water, to find out possible causes of radiation in this area by studying  magnetic intensities, zones considered anomalous with deepness to magnetic sources and outlining sub-surface structures. 117 soil and  14 water samples were picked from the entire Kargi and analyzed for radionuclides due to 40K, 232Th and 226Ra. Measurement methods  of proton magnetometer and γ-spectrometer using a high purity detector – germanium (HPGe) were basically utilized to gauge the  magnetic survey and radiological hazard of radio-activities respectively. A total of 51 magnetic field measurements were taken on the eastern part of Kargi, a place suspected to have more concentration of radionuclides. The data was corrected and magnetic anomaly map  plotted. Surfer 10 and GeosoftR Oasis Montaj software were used to process the magnetic data. 40K, 232Th and 226Ra had  computed mean activities of 353.20±110.07, 7.97±3.98 and 7.38±2.59 Bq/kg for soil and 3.55±3.04, 2.20±2.74 and 52.68±25.07 Bql-1 for  water respectively. Qualitative interpretation from magnetic intensity map showed lows and highs with variation in amplitude between  -791 nT to 420 nT, an indication of lineament structures. Euler Deconvolution of magnetic data revealed the structures orientation, their  depths together with the alignment of the anomalous zones to the base. Radially averaged power spectrum of magnetic data show depth  estimates ranging between 100 m to 480 m indicating the total depth estimate to that that produced the observed anomalies. The  values of annual effective doses together with Radium equivalent (Raeq) values for tested soil and water samples were below  international standards making this area regarded safe to humans for agricultural practices, buildings, drinking and other purposes.  Magnetic anomaly results show that radiation in the area could be originating from base rocks and not buried objects as the rock spreads  along the area.
Project procurement process and performance of major dam projects in Kenya
Authors: Monyenye Vincent. O. , Lango Benard. , Miroga Julius. , Cheruiyot Charles. K.
Published: August 2024

Effective major dam project procurement process in sourcing for quality construction materials and qualified professionals has huge  positive effect on performance of major dams. In Kenya however, situation analysis reports on some major dam projects revealed low  and questionable performance. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of project procurement process on performance of major  dam projects in Kenya. The study utilized descriptive research design, with a sample size of 221 respondents comprising officials from  ministries of water sanitation and irrigation and other government departments, water service organizations, donors and local persons  directly affected by dam construction projects. Respondents were selected through stratified sampling, and primary data collected using  a questionnaire. Content and construct validity was used to test the data collection tool, while Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used for  assessment of instrument’s reliability. The data was analysed using IBM SPPS Version 24, while descriptive statistical analysis was used to  summarize data through frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistics was used to ascertain the relationship between the variables. Both descriptive and linear regression analysis results showed that project procurement process has  significant positive influence on performance of major dam projects in Kenya. The study concluded that transparent project procurement approaches like clear competitive bidding and effective contract management methods can significantly influence performance of major  dam projects in Kenya. The study recommended that relevant dam project management authorities ensure that the entire procurement  process for supply of quality goods and services and cost controls is effective and above board, and the risks well managed. Additionally,  an environment effective collaboration between project team members and suppliers should always be in place.
The effect of water stress on growth and development of mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties in lower Eastern region of Kenya
Authors: Kinyae Ngulu James , Ochieng Adimo Aggrey , Karambu Rimberia Fredah , Bosco Mukundi John
Published: August 2024

The relationship between the plasticity of different mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties to soil water stress conditions needs a better  understanding as a potential crop adaptation to changing climate. This study was investigated the effects of different water regimes on  growth and development of different mango varieties. Measurements of mango plants' morphological and physiological variables during  the progressive imposition of soil water stress were performed within a controlled environment. Eight mango varieties were  grown under water stress treatments of 90%, 65% and 35% of field capacity (FC) on split plots in a randomized complete block design with  three replications. Data on shoot height and diameter, leaf chlorophyll content, temperature and water potential were collected  fortnightly, for nine months and means computed to reflect varietal response under increasing water stress (90% FC to 35% FC level).  Results showed significant (p=0.001) reduction in shoot height by 32.1% and shoot diameter by 29.05%. A significant (p=0.05) reduction in  leaf chlorophyll content and leafwater potential by 13.5% and 90% respectively was observed, while leaf temperature significantly (p=0.05)  increased by 20.8%. From the results; Keitt, Sabine, Tommy Atkins and VanDyke showed better performance in shoot growth  and leaf parameters under high water stress. For all varieties, high water stress significantly suppressed shoot growth, leaf chlorophyll  content production and increased leaf temperature and leaf water potential. None of the varieties showed optimal phenotypic plasticity  on both leaf growth and physiological parameters under highest soil water stress. We emphasize the considerable need of investigating,  over a period of at least five years, the effect of water stress on mango yield in the farms located in mango-growing areas.
Smallholder farmers' attitudes toward locally made commercial organic fertilizer
Authors: Mensah T. Grace , Mutua Kinyili , Mwajita M. Rashid , Ngamau Catherine , Aggrey B. Nyende , Uckert Goetz
Published: August 2024

Organic fertilizer has been identified as an agricultural technology that has the potential to lower direct production costs, enhance  environmental benefits, and boost crop yields. Several Organic fertilizers such as bokashi and safi sarvi are being produced locally and  commercialized to promote the use of the product. Yet the utilization is low among smallholder farmers in Kenya. Therefore, this study  sought to assess the attitudes of smallholder farmers toward organic fertilizer utilization. Understanding farmers' attitudes is crucial as it  influences the use of organic fertilizers. The study was conducted in Kirinyaga and Kiambu Counties in Kenya where some of these  organic fertilizers such as bokashi and safi sarvi are being produced. A purposive and sample random sampling design was used to select  a sample size of 109 smallholder farmers in the study areas. Descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were used  to identify the attitudes of farmers toward organic fertilizer utilization and their underlying factors respectively. Results of a two-tailed t- test showed that farmers in Kiambu and Kiriyanga counties differ statistically in age and years of farming. Overall, the Chisquare test  revealed that women (58.7%) were more involved in organic farming than men. Descriptive statistics revealed that the attitudes of the  farmers toward organic fertilizers were positive and relatively homogeneous. Out of the 14 statements, 11 scored positively on the Likert  scale (agree and strongly agree). The study established that majority of the farmers agreed and strongly agreed that organic fertilizers  increased their yield (96.3%) and improved their livelihood (96.6%). EFA generated four factors that explained 62.578% of the total variance. “Preference of organic fertilizer” and “beneficial factor” had the highest factor loading respectively. The study therefore  recommends that there is a need to improve sensitization of organic fertilizers among farmers to increase their utilization.
Utilising the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index for Assessing the Water Quality Status of Eruvbi River in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Akharame M. O. , Obianke O.
Published: August 2024

This study assessed the quality status of the Eruvbi River in Benin City, Nigeria using the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI). The physicochemical and microbiological parameters analysed were pH, temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), phosphate, nitrate, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), and total coliforms. All parameters were analysed using standard methods. For each parameter, the temporal and spatial range were pH (5.3 - 6.2), temperature (22.0 - 28.0 oC), turbidity (5.0 – 128.0 NTU), TDS (20.0 – 128.0 mg/L), phosphate (0.1 – 1.0 mg/L), nitrate (0.2 - 0.8 mg/L), BOD (3.4 - 6.2 mg/L), DO (5.0 - 11.2 mg/L), while the mean for total coliform count ranged from (416.9 - 295120.5 CFU/100 mL). The results were compared against national and international standards with the temperature, TDS, and nitrate values within set limits, while the non-conforming parameters were majorly total coliform, phosphate, turbidity, and pH. The overall NSFWQI results indicated moderate water quality, with WQI values ranging from 54.04 to 61.95 at all sampling locations. The middle stream had the lowest NSFWQI value caused by effluent discharge from a carbonated drink industry. The moderate water quality means that additional treatment is required before the water can be considered safe for drinking and domestic purposes. The NSFWQI protocol makes it easier to explain the water quality to the general public and decision-makers, and it can be a valuable tool for water management.
Detection of Change in Forest and Trees Outside Forest Using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Techniques in Adamawa Central, Adamawa State Nigeria
Authors: Ba A. M. , Isah M. , Mohammed S. A. , Modibbo M. A.
Published: August 2024

The importance of trees in every environment is crucial given the fact that they make some provisional and supportive services such as food inform of fruits, shelter, shade, aesthetics, as well as carbon sequestration among others.Hence the objective of this paper is to use Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) techniques to determine quantitatively the changes in forest and trees outside forest from 1990-2021 in Adamawa central. The result revealed that changes occurred in trees inside forest, between 2013 and 2021; Rocks and baresurface increased by17.49%. Shrubs and grassland increased by 34.13% while healthy forest reduced to –48.38% within the same period. However, result of TOF shows similar trend between 2013 and 2021 in the study area. Rocks and bare surface increases to 58.15%, shrubs and grassland reduced to –37.46%, while dense forest decreased to –4.39%. The results revealed further a decline in the concentration of both trees inside forest and trees outside forest in the area. The study recommended a change of policy to mitigate the negative impact of degradation through various forest rehabilitation mechanisms such as afforestation and reforestation programs in the study area.
Gender and Environmental Management: Exploring Spousal Roles Decision-Making Patterns in Owner-Occupied Homes in Mahuta and Mando Communities, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Ugochukwu P. J. , Babangida H. , Sagada M. L.
Published: August 2024

The objective of this paper is to examine how spousal roles influence environmental decision-making patterns within owner-occupied housing in Mahuta and Mando communities, Kaduna State, Nigeria using appropriate standard techniques with a survey of 600 residents. Findings reveal generally, collaborative decision-making dynamics between spouses, with statistically significant variations in specific areas like house design and fixture selection. This collaborative approach offers the potential to promote sustainable choices, particularly in material selection, maintenance, and modifications. The research emphasizes the importance of integrating spousal roles into environmental management strategies. Educational programs and capacity-building initiatives can empower husbands and wives to make informed choices for a more sustainable lifestyle. Additionally, stakeholders in the construction industry can play a crucial role by promoting sustainable practices and offering eco-friendly materials. Future research with a larger, geographically diverse sample incorporating observational data can provide a more comprehensive understanding of spousal decision-making in environmental management within owner-occupied housing.
Cultivation, Molecular Identification and Productivity Assessment of a commercial strain and two Wild Strains of Ganoderma mushroom Harvested from Tree Stumps in a Rainforest at Ugbowo, Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Poyeri W. R. , Ohimain E. I.
Published: August 2024

Ganoderma mushroom is one of the most important medicinal mushrooms that has been used especially in the Orients for the treatment of diverse chronic disease conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study is cultivation, molecular identification and productivity assessment of a commercial strain (W1) and two wild strains (W2 & W3) of Ganoderma mushroom harvested from tree stumps in a rainforest at Ugbowo, Benin City, Nigeria using appropriate standard techniques. The molecular study revealed that all the three strains were indeed Ganoderma lucidum, though, results show that there were significant differences among the strains. Irrespective of the inoculum size, the number of days to maturity of the fruiting bodies was about 30 days for strain W3, 18 -22 days for strain W2 and 10-11 days for strain W1. Overall, it took 6-11 days for primordial formation and 10-30 days for maturity of the fruiting bodies. The biological efficiency (BE) of the strain ranged from 0.7 -2.4%. The results show that biological efficiency of the strains was poor, perhaps due to the infancy of Ganoderma cultivation in the country caused by poor substrates and supplements selection, colonization and fruiting conditions.  Notwithstanding, the productivity of the strains could be improved through breeding.
Spatial Variability of Soil Chemical Properties of an Undulating Site within a University Farm at Okha, near Benin City in Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi A. A. , Okonokhua B. O.
Published: August 2024

Assessment of spatial variability of soil properties due to inherent factors is critical for optimum crop production and environment protection. Hence, the objectives of this study was to evaluate the influence of climate, topography and land management on spatial variability of the soil chemical properties and fertility status of an undulating farmland at Okha, near Benin City. Twelve soil samples were collected from the depth of 0-20 cm at an interval of 30 m × 30 m on a regular grid design with a global positioning system and assessed using standard methods. Results revealed that the coefficient of variability (CV) was low for sand and clay (<15 %), moderate for silt (15 – 50 %), low for pH, moderate for organic C, N, K and ECEC but high for P (>50%). The soil texture was sandy loam and pH displayed very strongly, strongly as well as medium acid conditions.  Concentrations of organic C were generally low, N and P were low, while K was very low. Low concentrations of ECEC were spread over the site with highest concentrations on the concave part of the landscape. Generated maps revealed a substantial influence of topography and land use on spatial variability of soil chemical properties even within a small part of a farmland which is quite useful for site-specific nutrient management.