bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Software Testing Through Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Erol Ekrem , Senan Sibel
Published: May 2024

Software testing, a pivotal phase in the software development lifecycle, is becoming increasingly challenging with the escalating complexity of modern software. Traditional testing methods are often inadequate in this evolving landscape. As AI continues to advance, its application in software testing is anticipated to lead to more efficient and effective processes, potentially transforming the entire software development lifecycle. This study focuses on conducting an in-depth analysis of the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in software testing. By thoroughly analyzing and comparing a wide range of AI methodologies, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of AI's current and future role in software testing, serving as a valuable resource for both practitioners and researchers in the field.
The Position of Digital Society, Healthcare 5.0, and Consumer 5.0 in the Era of Industry 5.0
Authors: Tyagi Amit Kumar , Arumugam Senthil Kumar , Prasad P. Raghavendra , Sharma Avinash
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the dynamic interplay and positioning of Digital Society, Healthcare 5.0, and Consumer 5.0 within the overarching framework of Industry 5.0. The advent of Industry 5.0 marks a significant shift in industrial paradigms, emphasizing the fusion of digital technologies with traditional manufacturing processes. In this context, digital society emerges as a fundamental driver, influencing both industrial and consumer landscapes. Digital Society, characterized by ubiquitous connectivity and information sharing, acts as a catalyst for Industry 5.0. The integration of advanced technologies, such as the internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), facilitates seamless communication and collaboration across industries, fostering innovation and agility in manufacturing processes. Healthcare 5.0, an integral component of this transformative landscape, leverages digital advancements to redefine healthcare delivery. The convergence of AI, big data analytics, and personalized medicine leads to a paradigm shift in patient-centric care.
Green Software Engineering Development Paradigm
Authors: Matthew Ugochukwu Okwudili , Asuni Olasubomi , Fatai Lateef Olawale
Published: May 2024

A major software engineering process of the twenty-first century is green software engineering (GSE), which represents a complete paradigm shift in the software development process. Previously, software engineers were primarily concerned with developing hardware and software, with little attention paid to sustainability, or to the technical, economic, environmental, social, and individual aspects of environmental sustainability. It is necessary to determine the elements that affect the sustainability of GSE on an individual basis as well as how they interact with team and organizational practices, policies, and decisions. The fundamental goal is to create best practices and recommendations that have been experimentally established for measuring, enhancing, and preserving sustainability from the standpoint of the software engineers. It is anticipated that these steps will guarantee engineers' sustainable approach to the software engineering profession and facilitate regular, high-quality software development towards carbon emission reduction.
A Prospective Cohort Research in Early Gestation (6-10 Weeks) on Yolk Sac Diameter as a Predictor of Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Patil Anjali , Patange R. P. , Patil Sanjay Kumar S. , Bawi Taufikin Arslan
Published: May 2024

This research examines the function of yolk sac width as a predictor of pregnancy outcome in the first few weeks of gestation, specifically between six and ten weeks. Although measures of the yolk sac have demonstrated potential as a predictor of pregnancy viability, a thorough knowledge of their predictive usefulness is still lacking. A prospective cohort research design was used, with 500 pregnant women in the specific gestational age range attending a tertiary care obstetrics and gynaecology clinic. Using high-resolution transvaginal ultrasound, the diameter of the yolk sac was assessed, and the subjects were divided into groups according to the yolk sac diameter. Bivariate and multivariate methods were used to gather and examine the data while accounting for any confounding variables. Pregnancy outcomes and yolk sac width were shown to be significantly correlated in this research. “Greater than normal yolk sac diameter” was linked to a higher probability of miscarriage, and “Normal yolk sac diameter” was associated with a much higher likelihood of continued pregnancies. Furthermore, although it was not statistically significant, “Lesser than normal yolk sac diameter” was seen more frequently in ectopic pregnancies. In conclusion, yolk sac diameter may help predict pregnancy early on. This discovery has therapeutic implications that will help doctors support patients, allocate resources, and intervene quickly. This research advances early pregnancy assessment and care, which may reduce psychological distress and improve medical resources.
Correlation of Fetal Kidney Length With Gestational Age in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Laddad Manisha , Patange R.P. , Patil Supriya
Published: May 2024

In this research, foetal kidney length was compared with other biometric parameters, such as “biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), head circumference (HC), and femur length (FL)”, in order to examine the relationship between foetal kidney length and gestational age during the third trimester of pregnancy. A tertiary care centre hosted prospective cross-sectional research including 150 third-trimester pregnant women. The ultrasound and the date of the last menstrual cycle were used to calculate gestational age. Foetal kidney length, BPD, AC, HC, and FL were determined using established methods. Correlation coefficients, comparison analyses, and subgroup analyses based on gestational age were all included in the statistical research. There was a significant positive connection (r=0.85, p<0.001) between gestational age and the length of the foetal kidney. Foetal kidney length was shown to be comparable to other biometric characteristics by comparative research. The subgroup analysis showed that as gestational age increased, the length of the foetal kidney increased. The results indicate that foetal kidney length shows growth patterns similar to other biometric parameters and has a substantial correlation with gestational age. The significance of a comprehensive strategy for foetal assessment in the third trimester is reinforced by these findings. The research's conclusions have clinical ramifications for tracking foetal health and development, but more investigation is required to confirm these conclusions and consider how they might be used in standard prenatal care.
A Comparative Research With Normotensive Pregnant Women on Echocardiography Changes in Women With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Kshirsagar N. S. , Patange R. P. , Laddad Manisha , Saad Khaled
Published: May 2024

Preeclampsia, eclampsia, and gestational hypertension are known “hypertensive disorders of pregnancy” that affect mothers and babies. HDP's bodily effects are well known, but not its cardiac effects. To better understand HDP's cardiac features and their predictive relevance for maternal outcomes, this study analyses echocardiography abnormalities in pregnant women with HDP with normotensive women. One prospective cohort research comprised 18–45-year-old pregnant women. The pregnant women were divided into HDP and control groups. Both baseline and pregnancy echocardiograms were done on HDP patients. Statistical studies of demographic and clinical data were used to predict and compare echocardiographic characteristics between groups. Echocardiographic abnormalities in HDP women included enlarged “left atrial volume index (LAVI),” decreased LVEF, increased LVMI, and changed diastolic function parameters. Dynamic cardiac parameter alterations were seen in longitudinal pregnancy investigations. Logistic regression demonstrated these cardiac characteristics predict poor maternal outcomes. Subgroup investigations found more cardiac abnormalities in severe preeclampsia. HDP is linked to left ventricular hypertrophy, enlarged left atrium, and impaired diastolic and systolic function. Changes in the heart affect the mother, foetus, and future generations instantaneously and over time. Echocardiographic values may predict poor maternal outcomes in HDP women, emphasising cardiac surveillance. HDP's bigger cardiovascular consequences require further study and interdisciplinary care to enhance outcomes.
VCGERG
Authors: Liu Yashu , Zhao Xiaoyi , Qiu Xiaohua , Yan Han-Bing
Published: May 2024

Vulnerability can lead to data loss, privacy leakage and financial loss. Accurate detection and identification of vulnerabilities is essential to prevent information leakage and APT attacks. This paper explores the possibility of digging the valuable information in vulnerability reports deeply. We propose a new model, VCGERG, which products a graph using key information from vulnerability reports and embeds the graph into the vector space using a keywords-LINE graph embedding algorithm based on the attention of neighboring nodes. VCGERG model uses the OVR random forest algorithm to classify vulnerabilities. Our model can get the complicated local and global information of the graph in large-scale dataset and achieve better results. In order to verify the effectiveness of our model, it is evaluated on many experiments. Compared with other models, our method has a higher accuracy rate of 0.975.
DBGCN
Authors: Hu Ping , Li Zhaofeng , Zhang Pei , Gao Jimei , Zhang Liwei
Published: May 2024

Given the extensive use of online learning in educational settings, Knowledge Tracing (KT) is becoming increasingly essential. KT primarily aims to predict a student's future knowledge acquisition based on their past learning activities, thus enhancing the efficiency of student learning. However, the effective acquisition of dynamic and evolving student representations from their historical records presents a formidable challenge. This paper introduces a Knowledge Tracing methodology predicated on Dynamic Broadth Graph Convolutional Networks (DBGCN). DBGCN leverages the mechanisms of breadth graph convolutional networks to proficiently acquire representations of questions and knowledge points from dynamically constructed topological graphs. It employs student state information as an attention query vector to augment student representations, thereby partially mitigating the challenge of capturing the dynamic shifts in user states. The effectiveness of our proposed DBGCN method has been demonstrated through extensive experimentation.
Pteridophytes and lycophytes from Osomba Hills, Cross River National Park, Nigeria
Authors: Bassey M. E. , Anwana E. D. , Umoh O. T. , Mbong E. O.
Published: May 2024

Pteridophytes and lycophytes from Osomba Hills, a biodiversity hotspot in Nigeria, were collected using a transect method. Floristic sampling was done in six 100 m transects and elevation range of 170 m – 405 m above sea level where each transect consisted of five 10 m × 10 m quadrats spaced 10 m apart. Fieldwork was performed during the dry (February) and wet seasons (July) in 2022. F ifty species from 22 genera in the nine families Adiantaceae, Aspleniaceae, Cyatheaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae, Hymenophylaceae, Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae, Schizaeaceae and Selaginellaceae were recorded. The lycophytes were represented by only one family, the Selaginellaceae, while the remaining eight families are pteridophytes. The family with the highest number of species was Polypodiaceae (21), while Cyatheaceae and Schizaeaceae recorded only 1 species each. Nine species were collected only in the dry season while 20 species were collected during the wet season. The remaining 21 species were identified in both dry and wet seasons. T he tree fern Alsophila camerooniana (Hook.) R. M. Tryon and the three species of Hymenophyllaceae were limited in range of occurrence. The diversity of these ferns was significant (P<0.05) within Osomba Hill. This variance was typified along latitudinal and temporal scales. The conservation status of 47 species were categorized as ‘Not Evaluated’. A comprehensive evaluation of the conservation status of these plants is recommended to enable the implementation of an appropriate conservation strategy by the management of the park.
Mantid expansion into North American salt marshes
Authors: Gaskins Leo C. , Pétillon Julien
Published: May 2024

Mantids are influential generalist predators in terrestrial systems. Therefore, large mantid species like the European mantid, Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758), are often used by humans and purposefully introduced as a form of biocontrol, greatly expanding their geographic ranges. However, mantids are rarely recorded in marine systems. In this study, we present an observation of European mantids living in a salt marsh and actively moulting in the vegetation in Elkhorn Slough, in Monterey Bay, California, United States of America. Not only are these European mantids a nonnative species, but every observed individual was a flightless juvenile, meaning they hatched nearby. Although mantids are not usually associated with intertidal ecosystems, there are multiple potential reasons that mantids would be drawn to salt marshes, including food, potential for camouflage, and lower predation pressure. The addition of a generalist predator could produce a complex mix of positive and negative impacts on the marsh itself and, given the importance of marsh systems, these possible effects warrant further study.
Burkholderia pseudomallei - an unusual cause of septic embolism
Authors: Sivaselvi Chellamuthu , Rajaram Manju , Warrier Lakshmi S. , Upadhya Pratap
Published: May 2024

Melioidosis is an infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is endemic in many regions, including Southeast Asia, Northern Australia, South Asia (including India), and China. The presentation of melioidosis varies from localized infection to systemic sepsis. The most common causes of septic emboli are Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and the Salmonella group, but here we reported a case of pulmonary septic emboli, necrotizing pneumonia, and septic arthritis in case of systemic melioidosis infection.
Pattern of dental services utilization among adolescents and adults in Kano, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Aborisade Adetayo , Okolo Chizoba , Aminu Rabiu , Moghalu Hailey , Aminu Nafisat , Bamgbose Babatunde
Published: May 2024

Nigeria is often conveniently described along geographical lines as North and South, each with its peculiar culture, predominant religion, and distinctive determinants of health. Available oral health information for Nigeria is derived from studies that have mainly been conducted in southern Nigeria. This study describes oral care-seeking behavior in northern Nigeria by analyzing the attendance pattern at a tertiary hospital over a period. Clinic records of patients who visited the Oral Diagnostic Sciences (ODS) clinic in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, were retrieved and retrospectively reviewed. Data on age, sex, ethnicity, and chief dental complaints were extracted and analyzed using SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp.; Armonk, NY, USA). The clinic records of 1,620 patients were reviewed, and the results showed that more males than females visited the clinic (55.4%), and dental pain was the most common reason for visiting the clinic (57.1%). Young adults and youths comprised the majority of patients, while the elderly population was the least represented. The study reveals dental healthcare utilization patterns in Kano, Nigeria, with sex differences reflecting sociocultural factors influencing health behaviors. The high proportion of dental pain cases highlights the need for preventive oral health efforts. The association between young/middle-aged individuals and dental trauma highlights occupational hazards and lifestyle as key determinants of dental health outcomes.
On the Performance of the Relay Selection in Multi-hop Cluster-based Wireless Networks with Multiple Eavesdroppers Under Equally Correlated Rayleigh Fading
Authors: Minh Nam Pham , Ngo Dinh Phong , Luong Nhat Nguyen , Lam-Thanh Tu , Le-Tien Thuong
Published: May 2024

The performance of multi-hop cluster-based wireless networks under multiple eavesdroppers is investigated in the present work. More precisely, we derive the outage probability (OP) of the considered networks under two relay selection schemes: the channel-gain-based scheme and the random scheme. Although equally correlated Rayleigh fading is taken into consideration, the derived mathematical framework remains tractable. Specifically, we represent the exact expression of the OP under the channel-based scheme in series form, while the OP under the random scheme is computed in a closed-form expression. Additionally, we propose a novel power allocation for each transmitter that strictly satisfies the given intercept probability. Numerical results based on the Monte Carlo method are provided to verify the correctness of the derived framework. These results are also used to identify the influences of various parameters, such as the number of clusters, the number of relays per cluster, and the transmit power.
Analysis of Learning Characteristics of Online Learners in the Context of Smart Education
Authors: Weihua Weihua
Published: May 2024

This article aims to explore the learning characteristics of online learners within the smart education framework, with a specific emphasis on how they might use Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to improve their educational experience. The term "online learning" refers to the process of acquiring knowledge via electronic means, most often the global web. Online education, e-learning, web-based learning, and computer-assisted learning all share this term. The challenging characteristics of such online learners for students are technical issues, lack of motivation, and slow loading times in online courses. Hence, in this research, the Internet of Things-empowered Smart Education (IoT-SE) Framework has been improved for online learners for students by leveraging IoT tech that tracks how learners interact with learning resources and their environment. This paper aims to revolutionize web-based education through tailored instructions targeting individuals' unique needs and fads as availed by the IoT-SE system. This paper offers evaluation parameters such as level of engagement among learners, retention rates on knowledge acquired while studying e-courses, and satisfaction from an online program. Besides overcoming limitations associated with conventional e-learning approaches, such systems like IoT-SE technology promise more effective pedagogy and student satisfaction for online learners.
Evaluation of a Microcontroller-based Smart Wearable Device in College Students' Sports Forging Application
Authors: Che Yong , Che Kaixuan , Li Qinlong
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION: The widespread use of smart wearable devices in various fields, including healthcare and sports, underscores the importance of their application in enhancing physical exercise among college students. Recent advancements in technology have facilitated the development of sophisticated methods to assess and predict physical activity outcomes, making their evaluation increasingly critical.OBJECTIVES: This study aims to develop a reliable assessment model for smart wearable devices used in college students' sports activities. The objective is to accurately predict and evaluate the effectiveness of these devices in improving students' physical health and promoting lifelong sports habits. Ultimately, the research seeks to integrate advanced computational methods to enhance the accuracy of physical exercise assessments.METHODS: The research introduces a novel assessment model that combines a zebra behavior-based heuristic optimization algorithm with a convolutional neural network (CNN). By analyzing user behavior data from wearable devices, the model constructs an evaluation index system tailored for college sports activities. The approach optimizes the parameters of the CNN using the zebra optimization algorithm, ensuring enhanced prediction accuracy.RESULTS: The evaluation model demonstrated high accuracy, with a significant improvement in predicting the outcomes of physical exercises among college students. Comparative analyses with traditional methods revealed that the new model reduced prediction errors and increased real-time performance metrics. Specifically, the model achieved a lower root mean square error (RMSE) in simulation tests, indicating more precise assessments. Figures and statistical data provided in the study illustrate the model's superior performance across various parameters.CONCLUSION: The developed assessment model significantly advances the application of smart wearable devices in monitoring and enhancing college students' physical activities. By integrating cutting-edge algorithms, the study not only improves the accuracy of exercise assessments but also contributes to the broader understanding of technology's role in health and fitness education. Future research could further refine this model by incorporating additional sensors and data points to expand its applicability and robustness.
The Transmission of Animal African Trypanosomiasis in Two Districts in the Forest Zone of Ghana
Authors: Tweneboah Austine , Rosenau Jana , Addo Kofi Agyapong , Addison Thomas Kwame , Ibrahim Mahamat Alhadj Moussa , Weber Judith Sophie , Kelm Soerge , Badu Kingsley
Published: May 2024

Animal African trypanosomiasis, also known as nagana, is caused by Trypanosoma species, which cause significant clinical diseases and lead to losses in animal production. We carried out a cross-sectional survey to investigate the composition of vectors and parasite diversity in two districts in the eastern region of Ghana where pigs and cattle were exposed to tsetse bites. We performed cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify tsetse species and internal transcribed spacer 1 PCR to identify Trypanosoma species. Also, we investigated the source of tsetse blood meal based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence analysis. A total of 229 tsetse, 65 pigs, and 20 cattle were investigated for trypanosomes. An overall vector density of 4.3 tsetse/trap/day was observed. A trypanosome prevalence of 58.9% (95% CI = 52.5–65.1%), 46.2% (95% CI = 34.6–58.1%), and 0.0% (95% CI = 0.0–16.1%) in tsetse, pigs, and cattle, respectively, was detected. Trypanosoma congolense was predominant, with a prevalence of 33.3% (95% CI = 73.3–86.5%) in tsetse. There was evidence of multiple infections in tsetse and pigs. Approximately 39% of the tsetse were positive for multiple infections of T. congolense and Trypanosoma simiae. Parasite prevalence in pigs across the communities was high, with significant differences associated between locations (χ2 = 28.06, 95% CI = 0.05–0.81, P = 0.0009). Tsetse blood meal analysis revealed feeding on domestic Sus scrofa domesticus (pigs) and Phacochoerus africanus (warthogs). Infective tsetse may transmit trypanosomes to livestock and humans in the communities studied.
Causes of Vision Loss Associated with Dengue Fever in Bihar, India – A Case Series
Authors: Ambasta Anita , Kusumesh Rakhi , Ali Mobashir , Bhaskar Gyan , Akanksha Sinha , Pragya Varuni
Published: May 2024

The incidence and geographic distribution of dengue has increased dramatically in recent years across various parts of the world. Previously, ocular findings in dengue fever were considered rare. We report a spectrum of ocular manifestations presenting with vision loss in the last dengue epidemic in an eastern state of India. This is a retrospective interventional case series of patients with vision loss who were diagnosed with dengue eye disease in the 2022 epidemic. Systemic and ophthalmic examinations were completed on all patients and were analyzed. Fifteen patients had presented with vision loss. The mean age was 41.7 ± 10.8 years, and patients were mostly males. Three patients presented with panophthalmitis and orbital cellulitis. Eight patients were diagnosed with optic neuropathy. Four patients had macular involvement: macular chorioretinitis, macular subhyaloid hemorrhage, and macular hemorrhages in two patients. All patients with optic neuropathy gave a history of mild fever and had remained undiagnosed. The rest had been diagnosed with the more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever. Vision recovered partially or fully in patients with optic neuropathy and macular disease. No eye could be salvaged in any panophthalmitis patients. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100 × 109 per liter of blood) was significantly associated with ocular hemorrhage and panophthalmitis, but thrombocytopenia was not significantly seen in optic neuropathy. We conclude that optic neuropathy may be an underreported cause of vision loss in dengue fever. An eye examination is advocated in all patients with dengue eye disease.
Experimental Analysis of Kerf Characteristics of Carbon
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer with Abrasive Water Jet Machining
Authors: Chandgude Abhimanyu , Barve Shivprakash B.
Published: May 2024

This research looks into how abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) can be used on
carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials, specifically how the kerf
characteristics change with respect to change in process parameters. We
carefully looked into four important process parameters: stand-off distance
(SOD), water pressure (WP), traverse rate (TR), and abrasive mass flow rate
(AMFR). The results showed that as SOD goes up, the kerf taper angle goes up
because of jet dispersion, but as WP goes up, the angle goes down because jet
kinetic energy goes up. The TR was directly related to the kerf taper angle, but
it made the process less stable. The kerf drop angle was not greatly changed by
AMFR. When it came to kerf top width, SOD made it wider, WP made it narrower, TR
made it narrower, and AMFR made it a little wider. When the settings (SOD: 1 mm,
WP: 210 MPa, TR: 150 mm/min, AMFR: 200 g/min) were optimized, the kerf taper
angle and kerf top width were lowered. This improved the accuracy of the
measurements and cut down on material waste in CFRP composite machining. These
results make it clear how important parameter selection is in precision
cutting.
Phytochemical profiling, antidiabetic, antiobesity, and antibacterial activities of Cometes abyssinica
Authors: A.M. Abdelgawad Ahmed
Published: May 2024

This study aims to complete my chemical and biological studies on Cometes abyssinica (CA). The chemical profile was reported by LC-ESI-TOF-MS and GC-MS analyses. Antidiabetic (α-Glucosidase and a-amylase inhibitory activity assay), antiobesity (Lipase inhibitory activity assay), and antibacterial activity (agar well diffusion assay) were determined. The GC-MS analysis led to the identification of 27 hydrocarbons representing 93.4% of the total hydrocarbon content in hexane extract. 11-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (28.07%), citronellol (9.31%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (7.64%), phytol (5.93%), and 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (4.91%) were the major components. The LC-ESI-TOF-MS analyses of aqueous-methanolic extract led to the identification of 99 secondary metabolites including phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and vitamins. The percentages of inhibition of the n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of CA were evaluated against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase enzymes at different concentrations. Hexane extract showed the most powerful α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.22 and 0.27 mg/ml comparing with acarbose (IC50 0.43 and 0.38), respectively. Among all CA extracts, only ethyl acetate extract revealed potent antiobesity as a lipase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.079 mg/ml comparing with orlistat (IC50 0.11 mg/ml). CA extracts showed mild-weak antibacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus.
KEY WORDS: Cometes abyssinica, Chemical constituents, α-Amylase inhibitors, α-Glucosidase inhibitors, Lipase inhibitors
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 1051-1067.                                                          
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.19
Effect of ginger on the quality attributes of pineapple juice during storage
Authors: Ahaotu Ihuoma , Ekpemagha Christopher Stephen
Published: May 2024

Homemade pineapple juice usually prepared without pasteurization and stored at room temperature could significantly influence the quality of the juice. This study aimed at assessing the effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) on bacteriological, physicochemical and nutritional quality of pasteurized and unpasteurized pineapple juice during storage at ambient temperature (28±2 oC) for 7 days. Unpasteurized; pineapple juice + 10 ml ginger; pineapple juice + 20 ml ginger; pineapple juice + 10 ml ginger; pineapple juice (control) were evaluated. The results obtained showed that total heterotrophic bacterial count, pH, titratable acidity and total soluble solids of the samples treated with ginger were within the range of 2.23-4.60 log10CFU/mL, 4.0-4.9, 0.51-1.86 g/l and 6.9-13.4 % while the corresponding values for the control was 2.0-4.14 log10CFU/mL, 3.5-4.8, 0.63-1.5 g/l, and 9.1-13.2 %, respectively. All the pineapple juice preparations met the National Agency for Food Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) requirements. The sample that had the highest vitamin C and ash content was unpasteurized pineapple juice mixed with 30 mL of ginger (7.46 mg/10 mL) and the control which was pasteurized (4.3 %) respectively. Based on the results obtained from this study, pasteurization of pineapple juice as well as addition of ginger to the juice are recommended for the production of a safe product for human consumption
Fingerprint Pattern of Fulani and Higgi ethnic groups in Michika LGA, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Atiku I. A. , Tanko M. , Adamu L. H. , Rayyan M. K. , Danborno B.
Published: May 2024

Developing countries experience surge of insurgency, banditry, cybercrime and other related violence. Criminals often go undetected because of poor forensic capabilities in human detection. Fingerprint features have been very effective in establishment of identity. The aim of this study was to determine fingerprint pattern of Fulani and Higgi ethnic groups of Michika, Adamawa State, Nigeria. A total of 5020 valid fingerprints patterns were captured using live fingerprint scanner. These included; 1230 Fulani male; 1250 Fulani female; 1280 Higgi male; 1260 Higgi female. SPSS version 26.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis and P < 0.05 was set as a level of significance. Descriptive statistics were employed to determine the frequency of loops whorls and arches in all the fingers of both hands, both sexes and both ethnic groups. Loops were the most frequent pattern in all the observations followed by whorls, and then arches. However, there were relative differences in the percentage proportion across the digits, between left and right, male and female and Fulani and Higgi. The frequency of loop and whorl were equal in right ring (48.8 %) of Fulani male and right thumb (47.7 %) of Higgi male. The frequency of loop was less than that of whorl in left thumb (Loop: 39.8 %; Whorl: 48.8 %) and right thumb (Loop: 43.9 %; Whorl: 48.8 %) of Fulani male. Loops were more frequent in little fingers (85.1 %) followed by middle fingers (73.4 %) and least in thumbs (50.8 %) of left male Higgi; arches more frequent in left hand than right (11.4 % and 7.3 % in Fulani male thumbs respectively). These biological variations might suggest preferential selection of finger as potential predictors of other biological features such as blood group.
Detection of a neglected tropical disease: Case report of Heavy Tunga penetrans lesions on the feet of a thirteen-year-old boy from a community in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Olusegun-Joseph T.S. , Olusegun-Joseph D.A. , Fowora M.A. , Rufai M.A. , Fasasi K.A. , Adeleke M.
Published: May 2024

Tungiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) arising from an ectoparasitic infection of the skin of its host by the gravid female Tunga species. The prevalence can spike to about 60% in impoverished regions of South America, the Caribbean, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Instances of severe cases are rare. However, according to the consistent pattern of Tunga penetrans distribution, majority of lesions are carried by a few numbers of hosts. Limited research has been conducted in endemic areas of Nigeria, and in Badagry, wherein a prevalence rate of 21.2% was recently documented. In this report, we detail a severe case of Tungiasis in Jegeme, an endemic community within the Badagry Local Government area of Lagos, which was observed during part of an active surveillance conducted from August 2021 to November, 2021. The case involved a 13-year-old boy who reported several lesions containing embedded fleas on his limbs. Extraction and microscopic examination of the wound revealed eggs and adult forms of Tunga flea. This case highlights the persistence of severe tungiasis within this endemic community, underscoring the link between the infection and extreme poverty. Tungiasis is likely to remain endemic in such resource-poor setting where extreme poverty limits access required to prevent infestation. Appropriate response to infestation to reduce morbidity should be implemented. Improved links between locals in endemic populations and healthcare providers, coupled with increased awareness, and implementation of preventive measures is crucial.
Influence of physicochemical parameters on the biodiversity indices of fresh water snails in selected rivers of Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Bello Temilade , Surakat Olabanji , Fakunle Adekunle , Rufai Muhammed , Fasasi Kamilu , Omisore Akinolu , Adeleke Monsuru
Published: May 2024

Studies have investigated the influence of environmental factors on distribution of vectors of parasites of public health importance but little is known on the role of these factors on the biodiversity indices of the vectors. This study is therefore set to assess the role of physicochemical parameters on biodiversity indices of fresh water snails. The study was carried out in three randomly selected communities across the three senatorial regions of Osun state namely Ere Ijesha, Ede and Erin-Osun. Through reports from community members, a mostly visited river from each community was selected. Three contact points with evident human water contact were identified for snail and water sampling. Morphological identification of snails was done. Physicochemical parameters of water were measured while snail biodiversity indices were determined using Shannon index, snail richness and abundance. Relationship between continuous variables was determined using Spearman’s correlation. There is a significant difference between pH values of Ere Ijesa and Erin Osun while Ede and Erin Osun also show a significant difference in their chloride concentration. A significant positive correlation was observed between pH and diversity (correlation coefficient (rho)= 0.64, P<0.05), pH and Bulinus abundance (rho= 0.68, P< 0.05), chloride and snail richness (rho= -0.65, P< 0.05), chloride and diversity (rho= -0.88, P< 0.01), BOD and snail richness (rho= -0.78, P < 0.05), BOD and diversity (rho= -0.64, P<0.05) COD and snail richness (rho= -0.61, P< 0.05). Ede had highest diversity index while Ere Ijesa had highest Bulinus abundance. Erin Osun was the least in terms of snail richness, diversity and Bulinus abundance. Snail diversity, snail richness and Bulinus abundance significantly differ across the sampling locations (P< 0.01). Physicochemical parameters such as pH, chloride content, BOD and COD have significant role to play in fresh water snail richness, snail diversity and Bulinus abundance.
S/exploitation, Self-Sexploitation and Self-Expression in Nigerian Music: Lyrics and Body Designs in the Videos of Yemi Alade
Authors: Bakare Lilian Eguarise , Isijola Oluwatayo B.
Published: May 2024

Some videos produced in the Nigerian entertainment industry are lush in the objectification and s/exploitation of the female body, which  is common with hip-hop music superstars. This has continued to attract scholarly attention in feminism and media studies. In spite of the  backlash, some Nigerian female music superstars have also adopted this trend in their music video productions. This article focuses on a  Nigerian female hip-hop music star, Yemi Alade, with specific reference to two of her videos, Ferrari (2016) and Shake (2019), as uploaded  on YouTube on 25 March 2016 and 20 November 2019 respectively. Adopting the Theory of Visual Pleasure as proposed by Laura Mulvey’s  (1973), the study employs ethnography and netnography methods of data collection. By ethnography the visual content of the  selected videos were adopted as data, while through netnography, selected comments by YouTube viewers were captured as data, and  for analysis. Among other things, we observed that Alade’s fans were divided along different ideologies in her demonstration of  objectification and s/exploitation, while many ignored the import of these projections. Many expressed discomforts at the messages and  visuals of the videos, while others find pleasure and satisfaction in them. The study reveals that the import of objectification and  sexploitation is detrimental mostly to women, while it delivers profiteering to the artiste-producer.
Spatializing Poetry through Evaluation of Ecocritical Spaces in Tony Afejuku’s A Spring of Sweets
Authors: Odia Clement Eloghosa , Jamgbadi Esther Iria
Published: May 2024

This essay explores the interplay between spatial literary criticism and ecocriticism and how they help present the poet’s representation  of ecological destruction in the Niger Delta. It reads the poems of Tony Afejuku in the collection: A Spring of Sweets (henceforth  abbreviated as ASOS). Through textual-analytic method, the poems are critically read to unveil the various connotations evident in the  construction of ecocritical spaces. The spatial configuration of the poems reveals that two main ecocritical spaces are framed to  underscore the poetic vision of the Niger Delta environment. The article concludes that Afejuku spatialises Warri River as well as oil  companies as ecocritical spaces through which the reader can appreciate the depth of ecological hazard happening in the Nigerian  coastal region, the Niger Delta.
Science and Technology Reportage in Selected Nigerian Newspapers: A Study of Punch, The Guardian and VanguardScience and Technology Reportage in Selected Nigerian Newspapers: A Study of Punch, The Guardian and Vanguard
Authors: Guanah Jammy Seigha , Ejezie Luke , Egbra Stella Omodomero
Published: May 2024

researchers also set out to determine the level of coverage given to science and technology news by the newspapers; to ascertain the  story types (genres) used in reporting science and technology by the newspapers; and identify the sources of science and technology  news in the select newspapers. This study adopted quantitative content analysis approach, using agenda-setting theory as its theoretical  framework. This study found, among others, that the level of coverage of the issue of discourse was low. Again, different story types were  used, but the news genre was mostly applied while major sources of science and technology news were private companies and  foreign media. In the vein of these findings, the researchers recommended that Nigeria’s newspapers should increase their coverage of  science and technology stories. Also, features and opinion articles (by specialists in the field of science and technology) should be used to  explain how most science and technology equipment function, and can be utilised.
Evidence Of Trichophyton Tonsurans-Like Dermatophyte Isolated From Skin Lesions In A 2½-Year-Old Nigerian Indigenous Male Dog: A Case Report
Authors: Mamman P.H. , Dalis J.S. , Saidu M.T. , Idoko D.E. , Kazeem H.M.
Published: May 2024

This paper reports indications pointing to a rare case of the isolation of Trichophyton tonsuranslike Dermatophyte, which is  anthropophilic, from skin lesions in a dog. Trichophyton tonsurans. Skin scrapings and hair pullouts were collected and processed for  mycology. The susceptibility of the isolates to commonly used antifungal agents was tested. Direct microscopic examination of samples  digested in 20 % KOH revealed hyaline septate filaments in skin scales and chains of endothrix spores in hair. Colonies on sabourauds  dextrose agar were white, flat and velvety with a reddish-yellow pigmentation on the reverse side. Microscopic examination of the  isolates stained with lactophenol cotton blue showed numerous inflated microconidia with abundant chlamydoconidia, typical of T.  tonsurans. The isolate was sensitive to caspofungin and posaconazole but resistant to fluconazole, nystatin, amphotericin B and  griseofulvin. Trichophyton tonsurans is not a common pathogen of animals. This report provides evidence of the isolation of T.  tonsurans-like Dermatophyte from skin lesions of a dogs in Nigeria.
Prevalence and Predictors of Cesarean Delivery in a Tertiary Hospital in Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors: Bamigbala Olateju Alao , Ojetunde Ayodeji Oluwatobi , Tanko Maza
Published: May 2024

A cesarean section (CS) is a surgical technique in which a baby is delivered through an abdomen and uterine incision following fetal viability. It is imperative to identify the factors that influence the use of CS to reduce the needless use of this life-saving procedure and increase its availability for those who need it most. Therefore, this study assesses the prevalence and predictors of cesarean delivery in a tertiary hospital in Taraba state, Nigeria. Information of pregnant women who came for delivery to Federal Medical Center, Jalingo, Taraba state Nigeria from August 2021 to August 2023 was collected. Binary Logistic Regression using the probit model was used to analyse the data. p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. During the study period, there were 747 deliveries 115 by caesarean section (15.4%). The results show that maternal age, location, occupation, maternal education, maternal weight, birth weight, and number of antenatal care (ANC) visits significantly predict cesarean delivery. The results of this research will help to make policies and decisions related to health issues and intensify efforts to make provisions and precautionary steps on managing and controlling cesarean birth.
Effects of Bending and Re-bending on Mechanical Properties of Locally-Manufactured Steel Rebars
Authors: Waruhiu Patrick W , Marandu Simon I , Mgwatu Mussa I ,
Published: May 2024

Steel rebars experience deformation when subjected to bending and re-bending operations. Subsequently, their microstructures are impaired thus affecting the mechanical properties and leading to failure. This study establishes the effects of bending and re-bending the steel rebars on the mechanical properties. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of bending and re-bending of the steel rebars. Testing was conducted on Ten virgin and Thirty specimens which were bent and re-bent at 45º, 90º, and 180º, and followed by tensile tests. Yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation, and ultimate tensile strength to yield strength ratio (Rm/Re), were recorded. Results showed the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation, and Rm/Re of virgin steel rebars varied from 553.62 MPa to 618.49 MPa, 634.39 MPa to 745.68 MPa, 17.6 % to 21.67 %, and 1.14 to 1.19. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation, and Rm / Re of bent and re-bent steel rebars at angles of 45º, 90º, and 180º varied from 603.67 MPa to 677.38 MPa, 692.82 MPa to 751.76 MPa, 6.88 % to 19 % and 1.09 to 1.21. It was established that bending and re-bending increase strength and reduce the ductility of the rebars proportionally.
NGHIÊN CỨU, THIẾT KẾ, CHẾ TẠO CƠ CẤU HAI TRẠNG THÁI CÂN BẰNG WATERBOMB ORIGAMI ĐỂ TÌM TẦN SỐ ĐÁP ỨNG PHỤC VỤ THU HOẠCH NĂNG LƯỢNG
Authors: NGÔ TIẾN HOÀNG
Published: May 2024

Bài báo này mô tả một thiết bị thu hoạch năng lượng dựa trên sự dao động của cơ cấu hai trạng thái cân bằng waterbomb origami thông qua chuyển đổi năng lượng áp điện. Thiết bị này có khả năng khai thác năng lượng băng thông rộng từ các rung động xung quanh tần số thấp. Thiết kế này sử dụng tính ổn định vốn có trong cấu trúc waterbomb origami để tăng băng thông đáp ứng tần số của nó. Việc gấp dọc theo mô hình tạo ra các nếp gấp của cơ cấu origami có thể tạo điều kiện cho các biến dạng uốn cong lớn từ đó tìm ra tần số đáp ứng thích hợp. Kích thước nhỏ gọn và trọng lượng nhẹ của cơ chế origami khiến nó thuận tiện cho việc tích hợp vào các vật chủ khác nhau chịu rung động. Hiệu suất của cơ cấu waterbomb origami được thực nghiệm dưới các kích thích bên ngoài với các cường độ dao động khác nhau như 0.1mm, 0.5mm và 1mm. Giải thuật bậc 4 Runge-Kutta trong Matlab được sử dụng để giải quyết các bài toán tìm các giá trị ban đầu trong hệ phi tuyến. Kết quả thực nghiệm và giải tích trong Malab được so sánh và cho kết quả sai khác trong khoảng 5%.
NỀN ĐƯỜNG TRÊN ĐẤT YẾU ĐƯỢC GIA CỐ BẰNG TRỤ XI MĂNG ĐẤT
Authors: NGUYỄN THỊ PHƯƠNG LINH
Published: May 2024

Trong kỹ thuật xử lý nền đất yếu, trụ xi măng đất và vải địa kỹ thuật thường được kết hợp để sử dụng gia cố nền đất yếu nhằm giảm độ lún và tăng sức chịu tải và độ ổn định của nền đường. Đây là giải pháp thường được áp dụng trong kỹ thuật xử lý nền đất yếu ở trong và ngoài nước. Hiệu ứng vòm một hiện tượng thường xảy ra trong nền đắp trên nền đất yếu gia cố bằng trụ xi măng đất vì có sự khác biệt độ cứng giữa trụ và lớp đất nền xung quanh. Đây là một yếu tố ảnh hưởng trực tiếp đến vấn đề tối ưu trong thiết kế khoảng cách và kích thước trụ xi măng đất. Do đó, lý thuyết tính toán và phân tích hiệu ứng vòm vẫn đang là chủ đề thu hút rất nghiên cứu trong những năm gần đây. Nghiên cứu này tiến hành đánh giá và phân tích ứng xử của vải địa kỹ thuật dưới tải trọng của nền đường, trong đó tập trung đến cơ chế truyền lực của đất nền đến trụ xi măng đất. Mô hình số ba chiều (3D) sẽ được xây dựng và đề xuất để tiến hành phân tích ảnh hưởng của vải địa kỹ thuật cơ chế truyền lực trong nền đường. Kết quả phân tích mô hình số sẽ được kiểm chứng qua trường hợp công trình đường đầu cầu ở Hertsby, Phần Lan. Các thông số của vải địa kỹ thuật ảnh hưởng sự phân bố ứng suất trong nền cũng được khảo sát trong bài báo này.
PHƯƠNG PHÁP TỐI ƯU CHI PHÍ QUẢN LÝ DỰ ÁN XÂY DỰNG DÙNG GIẢI THUẬT BELLMAN
Authors: THÁI PHƯƠNG TRÚC
Published: May 2024

Bài báo trình bày về việc sử dụng giải thuật Bellman trên nền tảng phần mềm toán học Mathcad Prime trong quản lý dự án xây dựng. Nội dung bao gồm phần giới thiệu về giải thuật Bellman và cơ sở lý thuyết liên quan, đồng thời trình bày các giải thuật Bellman được tích hợp và áp dụng trong phần mềm Mathcad Prime. Mục tiêu của bài báo là cung cấp một phương pháp tối ưu chi phí quản lý dự án xây dựng dựa trên giải thuật Bellman. Kết quả nghiên cứu góp phần cải thiện hiệu quả và tăng hiệu suất trong quản lý dự án xây dựng, tối ưu chi phí quản lý, bên cạnh đó cũng đáp ứng nhu cầu tham khảo cho sinh viên và kỹ sư quản lý dự án xây dựng.