bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Random Algebraic Graphs and Their Convergence to ErdőS–Rényi
Authors: Bangachev Kiril , Bresler Guy
Published: January 2025

A random algebraic graph is defined by a group with a uniform distribution over it and a connection with expectation satisfying . The random graph with vertex set is formed as follows. First, independent variables are sampled uniformly from . Then, vertices are connected with probability . This model captures random geometric graphs over the sphere, torus, and hypercube; certain instances of the stochastic block model; and random subgraphs of Cayley graphs. The main question of interest to the current paper is: when is a random algebraic graph statistically and/or computationally distinguishable from ? Our results fall into two categories. (1) Geometric. We focus on the case and use Fourier‐analytic tools. We match and extend the following results from the prior literature: For hard threshold connections, we match for , and for ‐Lipschitz connections we extend the results of when to the non‐monotone setting. (2) Algebraic. We provide evidence for an exponential statistical‐computational gap. Consider any finite group and let be a set of elements formed by including each set of the form independently with probability Let be the distribution of random graphs formed by taking a uniformly random induced subgraph of size of the Cayley graph . Then, and are statistically indistinguishable with high probability over if and only if . However, low‐degree polynomial tests fail to distinguish and with high probability over when
Mixing Cutoff for Simple Random Walks on the Chung–Lu Digraph
Authors: Bianchi Alessandra , Passuello Giacomo
Published: January 2025

In this article, we are interested in the mixing behavior of simple random walks on inhomogeneous directed graphs. We focus our study on Chung–Lu digraphs, which are inhomogeneous networks that generalize Erdös–Rényi digraphs, and where edges are included independently and according to given Bernoulli laws. To guarantee that a unique equilibrium measure exists with high probability, we assume that the average degree grows logarithmically in the size of the graph. In this weakly sparse regime, we prove that the total variation distance to equilibrium displays a cutoff behavior at the entropic time of order . Moreover, we prove that on a precise window the cutoff profile converges to the Gaussian tail function. This is qualitatively similar to what was proved by Bordenave et al. and Cai et al. for the directed configuration model. In terms of statistical ensembles, our analysis provides an extension of these cutoff results from a hard to a soft‐constrained model.

MSC2010 Classification: 60J10, 05C80, 05C81
Assessing the Potential of Gel–SA–MgHA Composite Biomaterial Ink for 3D Bioprinting Tracheal Stents
Authors: Wang Songquan , Lin Hao , Bo Yun , Dong Yudie , Cui Yuming , Li Haiquan , Hang Wenlu
Published: January 2025

Diseases such as injury, stenosis, and tumors of the long trachea usually require the removal of the affected part of the trachea. There is an urgent need to implant tracheal stents as substitutes in clinical practice. In this paper, Mg2+ was first doped into hydroxyapatite (HA) matrix by hydrothermal synthesis and then mixed with gelatin sodium alginate (Gel–SA) double network crosslinked hydrogel to prepare gelatin sodium alginate magnesium doped hydroxyapatite (Gel–SA–MgHA) composite biomaterial ink. The trachea stent was prepared by 3D bioprinting technology and its physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties were systematically evaluated. Due to the large number of hydrophilic groups on the surface of the HA matrix, the addition of MgHA improved the hydrophilicity of tracheal stents. The mechanical properties of the stent first increase and then decrease with the increase of MgHA content. When the MgHA content is 4 wt%, the tracheal stent has the optimal mechanical properties. In vitro cytology experiments have confirmed that the four stent materials have good cell compatibility and proliferation characteristics. Overall, Gel–SA–4MgHA has the best mechanical and cytological properties, and has certain potential in the clinical application of tracheal stents.
A Facile Route Through Iodine‐Mediated Synthesis of Isoxazole Derivatives from Chalcone Epoxide
Authors: Bhakta Avijit , Ahmed Naseem
Published: January 2025

A novel synthetic route for the direct synthesis of 4,5‐diarylisoxazoles is less common. A facile and efficient synthesis of 4,5‐diarylisoxazole derivatives via I2‐mediated reaction from α,β‐chalcone epoxides under mild and metal‐free conditions is developed. This protocol enables facile access to 4,5‐diarylisoxazole derivatives in good to excellent yields using EtOH/H2O (1:1) solvent at 80 °C temperature. The structural integrity of the compounds was confirmed by 1H, 13C, IR, CHNS, GC‐MS, and SC‐XRD analysis.
Distribution of Fetal Nuchal Translucency Thickness in Normal Chinese Fetuses With Crown‐Rump Length of 45–80 mm
Authors: Tang Bin , Huang Yanlin , He Tianwen , Zhong Zhicheng , Li Jie , Chen Keyi
Published: January 2025

Objective

The primary aim of this research was to establish normative values for nuchal translucency (NT) thickness with crown‐rump length (CRL) ranging from 45 to 80 mm in a representative sample of the Chinese population.

Methods

The distributions of NT were derived for 24,892 unaffected fetuses with a CRL between 45 and 80 mm. The relationship between fetal NT thickness and CRL was assessed using linear regression analysis.

Results

The regression equation describing the relationship between NT thickness and CRL was: NT thickness = 0.020 × CRL + 0.218, (R2 = 0.112, p < 0.001). The 50th percentile ranged from 1.12 to 1.82 mm and the 95th percentile ranged from 1.89 to 2.75 mm across 45–80 mm. The 95th percentile of NT MoM was 1.5375 over the CRL range of 45–80 mm.

Conclusions

Normative values for NT thickness were established based on CRL measurements in a sample from the Chinese population. Due to physiological and ethnic variations in NT measurements, employing local CRL‐dependent cut‐offs for NT may offer advantages in anomaly screening during the first trimester of pregnancy compared to fixed cut‐off values.
PCM‐RF a Hybrid Feature Selection Mechanism for Intrusion Detection System in IoT
Authors: Ahmed Naveed , Ngadi Md Asri , Rathore Muhammad Siraj , Mahmood Azhar
Published: January 2025

The integrity and security of data must be protected in the framework of the Internet of Things (IoT). This article addresses the difficulties presented by possible cyber threats to IoT devices by introducing a unique feature selection technique called Pearson correlation matrix with random forest (PCM‐RF). IoT device security is greatly influenced by machine learning techniques, which mostly depend on the caliber of characteristics taken from IoT datasets. By merging the advantages of RF with PCM, PCM‐RF maximizes feature selection and fine‐tunes features to improve the efficacy of current machine learning techniques and bolster classification algorithms' detecting powers. The study focuses on addressing limitations in existing ways of training and testing classification algorithms, which frequently lack strategies for optimizing and fine‐tuning features. Thirty‐four different forms of network assaults are included in the IoTCIC2023 dataset, used to assess PCM‐RF. Results demonstrate PCM‐RF's effectiveness, with XGBoost achieving an astounding accuracy of 99.39% and an 86% detection rate. Comparative studies highlight PCM‐RF's superiority in detection and classification results, offering insights into IoT security and emphasizing its potential to improve the overall device robustness in the IoT ecosystem.
Of “Employer Skills” and “Poetry”: Logics of New Arts and Humanities Programs
Authors: Hill Rob Loren
Published: January 2025

Neoliberalism is ubiquitous in higher education. In its dedication to efficiency and measurement, neoliberalism poses threats to the arts and humanities, especially their least measurable, most human qualities. Guided by an institutional logics framework, this multiple case study gauged how arts and humanities faculty can navigate this tension as they develop new academic majors and minors. Findings detail collaborative and top‐down decision‐making and the importance to faculty of supporting students and advancing academic fields. Faculty showed how they employed hybrid logics by striking balances and compartmentalizing actions. Their actions emphasized adaptations to neoliberalism while advancing academic and democratic logics.
Analytical and Numerical Solutions of Concentration With Deposition Under Unstable Condition
Authors: Essa Khaled S. M. , Said Sawsan E. M. El , Taha Hanaa. M. , Shalaby Ahmed S.
Published: January 2025

In order to study the analytical and numerical solutions with Adomain decomposition of the pollutant's concentration from point source, wind speed and vertical turbulent eddy diffusivity are taken into account as functions of the vertical height above the surface layer power law. The top of the boundary layer of height has an elevated inversion layer that limits the concentration, and there is dry deposition on the ground surface. The pollutant's degradation distance is also estimated. The outcomes of the analytical and numerical solutions were compared with Iodine‐135 measured data under unstable conditions at the Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority. One finds that there is a better agreement between the predicted and observed concentrations than between the numerical concentrations. This study compares the analytical and numerical solutions of the advection‐diffusion equation and data of Iodine‐135 concentrations observed under unstable conditions.
Condensed‐Phase Quantum Chemistry
Authors: Robinson Paul J. , Rettig Adam , Dinh Hieu Q. , Chen Meng‐Fu , Lee Joonho
Published: January 2025

Molecular quantum chemistry has seen enormous progress in the last few decades thanks to more advanced and sophisticated numerical techniques and computing power. Following the recent interest in extending these capabilities to condensed‐phase problems, we summarize basic knowledge of condensed‐phase quantum chemistry for readers with experience in molecular quantum chemistry. We highlight recent efforts in this direction, including solving the electron repulsion integrals bottleneck, implementing hybrid density functional theory and wavefunction methods, and simulating lattice dynamics for periodic systems within atom‐centered basis sets. Many computational techniques presented here are inspired by the extensive method developments rooted in quantum chemistry. In this Focus Article, we selectively focus on the computational techniques rooted in molecular quantum chemistry, emphasize some challenges, and point out open questions. We hope our perspectives will encourage researchers to pursue this exciting and promising research avenue.
The TotalEnergies Approach to Stakeholder Engagement
Authors: Roca Ortiz Irene
Published: January 2025

Stakeholder engagement is a requirement of TotalEnergies’ social performance approach, as set out in its governance documents applicable worldwide. This article discusses the four main processes implemented by company-operated entities.
Double-stranded RNA orbivirus disrupts the DNA-sensing cGAS-sting axis to prevent type I IFN induction
Authors: Louloudes-Lázaro Andrés , Nogales-Altozano Pablo , Rojas José M. , Veloz Jeury , Carlón Ana B. , Van Rijn Piet A. , Martín Verónica , Fernández-Sesma Ana , Sevilla Noemí
Published: January 2025

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a DNA sensing cellular receptor that induces IFN-I transcription in response to pathogen and host derived cytosolic DNA and can limit the replication of some RNA viruses. Some viruses have nonetheless evolved mechanisms to antagonize cGAS sensing. In this study, we evaluated the interaction between Bluetongue virus (BTV), the prototypical dsRNA virus of the Orbivirus genus and the Sedoreoviridae family, and cGAS. We found mitochondrial damage and DNA accumulation in the cytoplasm of infected cells. In addition, we show that BTV infection blocks DNA-induced IFN-I transcription and that virus infection prevents DNA sensing by inducing cGAS and STING degradation. We identify BTV-NS3 as the viral protein responsible for cGAS degradation, showing that NS3 physically interacts with cGAS and induces its degradation through an autophagy-dependent mechanism. Taken together, these findings identify for the first time a mechanism by which a dsRNA virus interferes with a DNA sensing pathway to evade the innate immune response.
Representation theory of topological full groups of étale groupoids and paradoxicality
Authors: Alekseev Vadim , Finn-Sell Martin
Published: January 2025

We provide a unified treatment of several results concerning full groups of ample groupoids and paradoxical decompositions attached to them. This includes a criterion for the full group of an ample groupoid being amenable as well as comparison of its orbit, Koopman and groupoid-left-regular representations. Besides that, we unify several recent results about paradoxicality in semigroups and groupoids, relating embeddings of Thompson’s group V into full groups of ample étale groupoids.
Single Axillary Incision Versus Triple Lateral Chest Wall Incisions in Endoscopic Mastectomy for Gynecomastia: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis with Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Xu Chenhui , Diao Yirui , Chen Ruifu , Chen Meilan , Lai Baoyong
Published: January 2025

Background

Endoscopic mastectomy has gradually become an important surgical modality for the treatment of breast diseases, and is the preferred procedure for gynecomastia. However, endoscopic mastectomy presents challenges such as a steep learning curve, prolonged surgical duration, increased hospitalization costs, and high technical difficulty. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction of endoscopic mastectomy using a single axillary incision versus a triple lateral chest wall incision for gynecomastia.

Methods

Patients were stratified into a single-port group and a three-port group based on the surgical approach. Propensity score matching was used for the nearest neighbor matching, adjusting baseline data differences at a 1:1 ratio, with a caliper value set at 0.2 to ensure comparability between the two groups. Clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction were compared after propensity score matching.

Results

A total of 36 pairs of patients were successfully matched after propensity score matching, with no differences in baseline characteristics (P > 0.05). Notably, the three-port group experienced longer surgical durations compared to the single-port group, alongside higher hospitalization costs (P < 0.05). There were no differences in surgical bleeding volume, postoperative drainage volume, extubation time, postoperative hospitalization time , surgical complications, visual analog scale pain scores, and recurrence rate (P > 0.05). After a 6-month follow-up, the vancouver scar scale assessment showed no differences in scar color, thickness, vascularity, softness, and total score (P > 0.05). Based on the BODY-Q questionnaire chest module scores, the single-port group showed better overall satisfaction in appearance (P = 0.038), especially in the smoothness of the chest wall, with significantly higher scores than the three-port group (P = 0.001). No differences were found in nipple symmetry, nipple sensation, and skin redundancy (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The single axillary incision endoscopic mastectomy demonstrated advantages in shorter surgical duration and lower hospitalization costs, while providing a smoother chest wall appearance, thereby enhancing overall patient satisfaction. Consequently, this surgical approach may arise as one of the preferred procedures for gynecomastia.

Level of Evidence II

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Clinical Swallow Examination Following Laryngectomy: An International e-Delphi Consensus Process
Authors: Wilson Sarah E. , Brown Bena , Burns Clare L.
Published: January 2025

Clinical swallow examination (CSE) following laryngectomy (± pharyngeal resection) remains a critical step in dysphagia evaluation. Whilst the core components of a standard CSE service a broad spectrum of patient populations, no evidence exists examining the essential assessment items specific to CSE in the laryngectomy population. The aim of this study was to identify the tasks, measures and observations considered necessary to include in a CSE post laryngectomy. Using an e-Delphi approach, a 4-round online survey series was undertaken with 34 speech pathologists experienced in laryngectomy swallowing management from 6 countries. In the first round (item generation) participants were provided with the questions from the swallowing outcomes after laryngectomy (SOAL) as stimulus, to generate a list of tasks, measures and observations as well as clarifying questions they would ask the patient during a CSE. In the subsequent e-Delphi rounds the participants rated the importance of the compiled assessment items. A total of 34 items were rated of critical importance for inclusion in a laryngectomy CSE by ≥ 75% of participants. Two thirds of the consensus items (23 items) were patient history and interview questions incorporating medical and swallowing history (4 items) and patient interview (19 items). The remaining 11 items related to swallow tasks and observations (9 items) and onward referral (2 items). These 34 consensus items can be considered as a draft framework for laryngectomy CSE to guide clinical practice and research.
Development of an artificial intelligence system to indicate intraoperative findings of scarring in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystitis
Authors: Orimoto Hiroki , Hirashita Teijiro , Ikeda Subaru , Amano Shota , Kawamura Masahiro , Kawano Yoko , Takayama Hiroomi , Masuda Takashi , Endo Yuichi , Matsunobu Yusuke , Shinozuka Ken’ichi , Tokuyasu Tatsushi , Inomata Masafumi
Published: January 2025

Background

The surgical difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for acute cholecystitis (AC) and the risk of bile duct injury (BDI) depend on the degree of fibrosis and scarring caused by inflammation; therefore, understanding these intraoperative findings is crucial to preventing BDI. Scarring makes it particularly difficult to perform safely and increases the BDI risk. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system to indicate intraoperative findings of scarring in LC for AC.

Materials and methods

An AI system was developed to detect scarred areas using an algorithm for semantic segmentation based on deep learning. The training dataset consisted of 2025 images extracted from LC videos of 21 cases with AC. External evaluation committees (EEC) evaluated the AI system on 20 cases of untrained data from other centers. EECs evaluated the accuracy in identifying the scarred area and the usefulness of the AI system, which were assessed based on annotation and a 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire.

Results

The average DICE coefficient for scarred areas between AI detection and EEC annotation was 0.612. The EEC’s average detection accuracy on the Likert scale was 3.98 ± 0.76. AI systems were rated as relatively useful for both clinical and educational applications.

Conclusion

We developed an AI system to detect scarred areas in LC for AC. Since scarring increases the surgical difficulty, this AI system has the potential to reduce BDI.
How does an intervention work?—English Version
Authors: Kaiser Ulrike , Schouten Leonie , Hoffmann Greta , Preißler Anke , Adler Franziska , Zinndorf Louise , Kästner Anne , Metz-Oster Beatrice , Höffner Enya , Lindena Gabriele ,   PAIN 2.0-Team, Isenberg Thomas , Möller André , Rottke Felix , Waidner Anja , Seitz Jakob , Kaiser Ulrike , Gärtner Anne , Preißler Anke , Hoffmann Greta , Pritzke Michael Julia , Petzke Frank , Schouten Leonie , Adler Franziska , Geber Christian , Metz-Oster Beatrice , Milch Lena , Zinndorf Louise , Höffner Enya , Ruff Julia , Kohlmann Thomas , Meyer-Moock Sandra , Szczotkowski Daniel , Marschall Ursula , Schumacher Catharina , Kohlmann Thomas , Meyer-Moock Sandra , Szczotkowski Daniel , Geber Christian , Petzke Frank , Milch Lena , Gärtner Anne
Published: January 2025

In addition to the usual evaluation approach (usually a clinical randomized trial in the sense of the question: does an intervention work), complex interventions require further systematic investigations to prove their effectiveness. The role of the context in which the intervention is delivered is essential here, as is consideration of the question of why an intervention works (or does not work). Detailed recommendations exist for the planning and implementation of effectiveness studies on complex interventions, to which interdisciplinary multimodal pain therapy undoubtedly belongs. In an effectiveness model, concrete, verifiable assumptions are formulated as to how an intervention produces changes that are reflected in the endpoint. This article provides a brief introduction to methodological approaches to effectiveness research on complex interventions and uses the PAIN 2.0 project (01NVF20023) to describe in concrete terms what an effectiveness model for interdisciplinary multimodal pain therapy for the prevention of chronic pain in an outpatient setting might look like.
Abflusstrends in Österreichs Fließgewässern 1977–2020
Authors: Laaha Gregor , Laimighofer Johannes , Parajka Juraj , Bertola Miriam , Blöschl Günter
Published: January 2025

In diesem Beitrag werden die Abflusstrends in Österreich für 250 Pegel (Niederwasser und Mittelwasser) bzw. 331 Pegel (Hochwasser) im Zeitraum 1977–2020 analysiert. Während sich im Mittel über Österreich der Mittelwasserabfluss wenig verändert hat, sind regionale Verschiebungen des Wasserdargebots zu verzeichnen, mit signifikant abnehmenden Trends im Westen, Nordwesten (Innviertel, Mühlviertel) und Südosten (etwa 20 % in 43 Jahren), und leicht zunehmenden Trends im Alpenraum. Beim Hochwasser haben sich die steigenden Trends in den letzten Jahren verstärkt. Vor allem im südlichen Niederösterreich und in der Obersteiermark sowie in Gebieten entlang des Alpenhauptkamms ist eine deutliche Zunahme von bis zu über +20 % (+5 % pro Dekade) zu verzeichnen. Der Anstieg ist in kleineren Einzugsgebieten ausgeprägter als in größeren Gebieten. Im Osten Österreichs zeigt sich auch eine saisonale Verschiebung der Jahreshochwasser vom Winter und Frühjahr in den Sommer. Beim Niederwasser sind unterhalb von 900 m ü. A. fallende Trends in etwa 16 % der Einzugsgebiete zu beobachten, die mit Abflussrückgängen im Sommer von über −20 % in 43 Jahren (etwa −5 % pro Dekade) im Südosten sowie im Innviertel besonders stark ausgeprägt sind. In diesen Regionen zeichnet sich eine Verschärfung der Niederwassersituation ab, die bei der wasserwirtschaftlichen Planung berücksichtigt werden sollte.
Novel technique and outcomes of umbilical reconstruction during cytoreductive surgery; a multi-centre study
Authors: Cheng E. , Yang P. F. , Khor S. , Mui J. , Sarofim M. , Wijayawardana R. , Ansari N. , Koh C. E. , Morris D. L. , Ahmadi N.
Published: January 2025

Background

The goal of cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal malignancy is to remove all macroscopic disease, which occasionally requires the excision of the umbilicus. While the absence of the umbilicus can be aesthetically undesirable for patients, umbilical reconstruction is rarely performed due to the perceived complexity and increased risk of wound infections (Sakata et al. in Colorectal Dis 23:1153–1157, 2021). This study aims to evaluate the outcomes, cosmetic results and patient satisfaction of umbilical reconstruction during cytoreductive surgery.

Methods

Consecutive patients from a prospectively maintained database who underwent cytoreductive surgery with umbilical excision and reconstruction were evaluated. Our technique for umbilical reconstruction involved recreating the subcutaneous fat space and fashioning umbilical skin flaps that anchor to the anterior fascia. Outcomes assessed included post-operative infection rate, wound dehiscence, seroma formation, wound appearance and patient satisfaction.

Results

Umbilical reconstruction was performed on 50 patients, with 12 (24%) experiencing wound-related complications. Of these, eight patients (16%) had superficial wound infections, while one patient (2%) developed a deep wound infection; three patients (6%) required local wound drainage, though none needed surgical revision. There were no reports of wound seromas, skin necrosis, wound widening nor umbilical stenosis. All patients reported satisfaction with the outcome of their reconstruction.

Conclusions

Our novel technique for umbilical reconstruction during cytoreductive surgery did not negatively impact wound healing outcomes. Recreating the umbilicus improved cosmetic results and patient satisfaction, enhancing body image for those undergoing major abdominal surgery. This approach should be considered for patients undergoing major laparotomies that necessitates umbilical excision.
Impact of lesion preparation-induced calcified plaque defects in vascular intervention for atherosclerotic disease: in silico assessment
Authors: Sogbadji Jonas , Kadry Karim , Poletti Gianluca , Berti Francesca , Edelman Elazer R. , Nezami Farhad R.
Published: January 2025

Percutaneous coronary interventions in highly calcified atherosclerotic lesions are challenging due to the high mechanical stiffness that significantly restricts stent expansion. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is a novel vessel preparation technique with the potential to improve interventional outcomes by inducing microscopic and macroscopic cracks to enhance stent expansion. However, the exact mechanism of action for IVL is poorly understood, and it remains unclear whether the improvement in-stent expansion is caused by either the macro-cracks allowing the vessel to open or the micro-cracks altering the bulk material properties. In silico models offer a robust means to examine (a) diverse lesion morphologies, (b) a range of lesion modifications to address these deficiencies, and (c) the correlation between calcium morphology alteration and improved stenting outcomes. These models also help identify which lesions would benefit the most from IVL. In this study, we develop an in silico model of stent expansion to study the effect of macro-crack morphology on interventional outcomes in clinically inspired geometries. Larger IVL-induced defects promote more post-stent lumen gain. IVL seems to induce better stenting outcomes for large calcified lesions. IVL defects that split calcified plaque in two parts are the most beneficial for stenting angioplasty, regardless of the calcified plaque size. Location of the IVL defect does not seem to matter with respect to lumen gain. These findings underscore the potential of IVL to enhance lesion compliance and improve clinical outcomes in PCI. The macroscopic defects induced by IVL seem to have a substantial impact on post-stent outcomes.
The Role of Banks’ Business Models in their FinTech Acquisitions
Authors: Alfhaili Faisal Abdulmohsen , Bakoush Mohamed , Wolfe Simon
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we examine the role of banks’ business models on their decisions to acquire FinTech firms and how they do so. We find that banks with diverse assets, funds, and income structures are more inclined to engage in FinTech acquisitions. Investment banks display selectivity in FinTech acquisitions while wholesale and traditional banks appear more wary, possibly because of the limited need for FinTech in their business models or the externalities in their existing business models.
Effect of hot isostatic pressing on the low-cycle fatigue behavior of laser powder bed fusion manufactured 21-6-9 austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Ujiie Ryosuke , Neikter Magnus , Pederson Robert , Hansson Thomas , Miyashita Yukio
Published: January 2025

21-6-9 stainless steel manufactured by powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) is expected to be used for aerospace parts due to its high strength and elevated temperature durability, coupled with the possibility to manufacture complex shapes. Defects, such as pores and lack of fusion (LoF), can be formed in PBF-LB/M manufactured material, which can be detrimental to important dynamic mechanical properties like fatigue strength. However, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has shown great potential in closing and healing such defects. In this study, an investigation of the effects of HIP treatment on the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) properties and microstructure of PBF-LB/M manufactured 21-6-9 material was performed. It was found that the effects of HIP treatment are similar to that of solution heat treatment regarding grain coarsening and grain sensitization. In addition, HIP successfully closed the pores, reducing the defect density. The stress relief heat-treated (SR) specimens exhibited lower LCF strength than wrought material, but after HIP treatment, LCF strength was equal to wrought material. The HIP treatment consequently improved the strain-controlled LCF strength but decreased the tensile strength and hardness around 30%.
Fluorescent CdTe/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots for Sensitive Metabolite Detection in Real Samples
Authors: Ağbulut Melahat Sevgül Bakay , Elibol Erdem , Çadırcı Musa , Demirci Tuna
Published: January 2025

This study highlights the aqueous synthesis of CdTe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) and their application as fluorescence sensors for detecting critical metabolites, including folic acid, glucose, and vitamin C, in real biological samples. The synthesized QDs exhibit excellent quantum efficiency, stability, and biocompatibility, enhanced by mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) ligands, enabling eco-friendly and accurate sensing. Detection limits of 0.84 µg/mL for folic acid, 0.33 mM for glucose, and 1.15 µg/mL for vitamin C were achieved with high linearity (R2 > 0.97). These results underscore the potential of CdTe/ZnS QDs in advanced biosensing technologies, offering sensitive and selective metabolite detection through a robust FRET-based mechanism. The versatility and aqueous solubility of these QDs pave the way for their integration into multiplex diagnostic systems for enhanced biomedical applications.
The Complexity of Human Space: Multi-layered Networks and the Relativity of Distance
Authors: Cardinale Ivano , Scazzieri Roberto
Published: January 2025

This article characterizes the human space as reflecting the architecture of interdependencies within it, which may generate alternative identifications of external boundaries and internal divisions. After introducing how human actors and activities are arranged according to relative positions belonging to different dimensions and leading to multi-layered networks, the article illustrates the multi-dimensionality and multi-layeredness of the human space by considering the production space as a network of interdependencies in which division of labour and the mutual fitting of activities take place along plural dimensions (here identified with tasks and productive functions, capacities, and materials-in-process) and give rise to hierarchical patterns of interdependence along each dimension. The article shows that it is possible to visualize relative positions in different ways depending on the actors’ or the analyst’s point of view, which may draw attention to a particular dimension of interdependence rather than others. Such open-endedness leads to the relativity of distance. At the same time, the actors’ (or the analyst’s) point of view, by fixing the focus of attention on specific dimensions and layers, may lead to closure, in the sense that relative distances become associated with the dimension and layer of interdependence that are central to a given context. The article goes on to propose a theoretical framework to study distance and proximity in the human space, and applies it to the problem of how to identify possible definitions of collective interest in a space of interdependent actors.
Ultrasound-guided minimally invasive thread release of carpal tunnel: a cadaveric study
Authors: Jengojan Suren , Sorgo Philipp , Piacentini Alessio , Streicher Johannes , Albano Domenico , Kasprian Gregor , Moser Veith , Bodner Gerd
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Thread release of the carpal tunnel is the most recent of several minimally invasive ultrasound-guided carpal tunnel release techniques. The purpose of this article is to provide a step-by-step guide for minimally invasive, ultrasound-guided thread release of the carpal tunnel focused on transecting the transverse carpal ligament with minimal damage to the palmar aponeurosis on anatomical specimens.

Methods

Fifteen ultrasound-guided carpal tunnel thread releases were performed on the wrists of soft-embalmed anatomical specimens, which were dissected immediately after the intervention. The procedures were performed by two musculoskeletal radiologists with 25 and 8 years of experience, respectively, in interventional radiology. Ultrasound visibility, completeness of transection, and damage to surrounding structures were evaluated on a score from 1 to 3.

Results

We achieved a complete transection of the transverse carpal ligament in 11 of 15 interventions (73%) and an incomplete transection in the remaining four (27%). No neural or vascular structures were harmed. In two cases (13%), there was irrelevant damage to flexor tendons. The ultrasound visibility was rough in five specimens (33.3%), moderate in five (33.3%), and optimal in five (33.3%). Essential structures were delineated in all cases.

Conclusion

Thread release of the carpal tunnel leads to only minimal damage to skin, as well as structures within the carpal tunnel and the palmar aponeurosis, promising a low amount of postinterventional complications.

Relevance statement

Our study showed that minimally invasive ultrasound-guided thread release of the carpal tunnel is a feasible approach in the anatomical model. The results may provide a basis for further research and refinement of this technique.

Graphical abstract
Affect lability scale (ALS-18) and ADHD: incremental validity of depression, depression/anxiety and anger in the predictions of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in adults
Authors: Gomez Rapson , Zarate Daniel
Published: January 2025

Affect lability, or difficulties in emotional regulation, has been suggested to be a defining factor in ADHD presentations, with previous studies identifying a relationship between affect lability and ADHD. However, the relationship between different dimensions of lability and ADHD dimensions has not been explored. This study aims to examine whether the three affect lability dimensions– depression/elation (D), depression/anxiety (D/A), and anger (A)– have incremental validity in predicting ADHD symptoms of inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI). A total of 558 adults aged 18–65 (Mage = 32.75; 18.8% men) from the general community completed the ALS-18 and the Current Symptom Scale (CSS). A structural equation model (SEM) approach was used to evaluate incremental validity. For a comprehensive evaluation, three different SEM models corresponding to different orders of entry of the predictors were computed to assess the incremental validity of the three ADHD dimensions. Overall, the findings showed that both D/A and D provided comparable incremental validity in the predictions of IA and HI, whereas A did not predict IA and HI. Therefore, D/A and D are important affect lability dimensions for the prediction of ADHD. These results suggest that not all components of affect lability were equally important in explaining ADHD symptoms, indicating the need to consider specific dimensions of affect lability for a more accurate understanding and treatment outcomes. Future research should further explore these relationships, incorporating broader affect lability dimensions and larger samples to generalize findings more effectively.
Hyperosmotic Stress Promotes the Nuclear Translocation of TFEB in Tubular Epithelial Cells Depending on Intracellular Ca2+ Signals via TRPML Channels
Authors: Miyano Takashi , Suzuki Atsushi , Konta Hisaaki , Sakamoto Naoya
Published: January 2025

Purpose

We previously demonstrated that hyperosmotic stress, which acts as mechanical stress, induces autophagy of tubular epithelial cells. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of hyperosmolarity-induced autophagy. The research question addresses how hyperosmotic stress activates autophagy through transcription factor EB (TFEB) and Ca2+ signaling pathways, contributing to understanding cellular responses to mechanical stress.

Methods

NRK-52E normal rat kidney cells were subjected to hyperosmotic stress using mannitol-containing medium. Fluorescence microscopy was utilized to observe TFEB nuclear translocation, a crucial event in autophagy regulation. An intracellular Ca2+ chelator, BAPTA-AM, and a calcineurin inhibitor were used to dissect the Ca2+ signaling pathway involved in TFEB translocation. The phosphorylation of p70S6K, a substrate of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 kinase, was analyzed to explore its role in TFEB localization. Additionally, the function of transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1), an intracellular Ca2+ channel, was assessed using pharmacological inhibition to determine its impact on TFEB translocation and autophagy marker LC3-II levels.

Results

Mannitol-induced hyperosmotic stress promoted the nuclear translocation of TFEB, which was completely abolished by treatment with BAPTA-AM. Inhibition of calcineurin suppressed TFEB nuclear translocation under hyperosmolarity, indicating that a signaling pathway governed by intracellular Ca2+ is involved in TFEB’s nuclear translocation. In contrast, hyperosmotic stress did not significantly alter p70S6K phosphorylation. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPML1 attenuated both TFEB nuclear translocation and LC3-II upregulation in response to hyperosmotic stress.

Conclusions

Hyperosmotic stress promotes TFEB nuclear localization, and TRPML1-induced activation of calcineurin is involved in the mechanism of hyperosmolarity-induced autophagy.
2021 European Society of Cardiology guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronisation therapy
Authors: Maass Alexander H. , Tuinenburg Anton , Mairuhu Gideon , Faes Miriam C. , Klinkenberg Theo J. , Ruigrok Sanne , Koster Marjolein , Stegeman Bernardine H. , Luermans Justin G. L. M.
Published: January 2025

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) has updated its guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronisation. As the majority are class II recommendations (61%) and based on expert opinion (59%), a critical appraisal for the Dutch situation was warranted. A working group has been established, consisting of specialists in cardiology, cardiothoracic surgery, geriatrics, allied professionals in cardiac pacing, and patient organisations with support from the Knowledge Institute of the Dutch Association of Medical Specialists. They assessed the evidence leading to the recommendations and the suitability for daily Dutch practice. Several recommendations have been amended or omitted altogether if a conflicting Dutch guideline has recently been published, such as a guideline on performing magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices. The recent Dutch guideline on implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy has recommended implanting cardiac resynchronisation therapy devices without a defibrillator function. Shared decision making has received a more prominent role in the ESC guidelines and is discussed in more detail in this document. The recommendations given in this document are intended for health care professionals involved in the care of patients with an indication for cardiac pacing and are approved by the participating professional societies and the patient organisation Harteraad.
Fascinating physicochemical features of wasted biomass nanoscale biosorbent for heavy metal ions removal from water
Authors: Sanad M. N. , Okil M. , ElFaham M. M.
Published: January 2025

Pollution of aquatic systems and habitats by heavy metals is a significant concern to the ecosystem and health of humans as it arises from different sources, including industrial discharges, agricultural activities, mining activities, and disposal of toxic substances. Heavy metals introduced in water bodies may also come through leachates from contaminated soils and sediments. Subsequent bioaccumulation in marine organisms and spheres of life around lakes, rivers, and oceans is inevitable upon their introduction. Recently, some studies have shed light on nano-waste biomass (NWB), which can be deliberately used to remove heavy metal ions from polluted waters. It is produced from eco-friendly agro-industrial and is treated on the nanometer scale, which enhances adsorption because its size has increased, increasing its surface area and active sites for binding. This novel technology deals with heavy metal pollution and waste management, as it helps recycle unwanted materials into useful adsorbents, thereby minimizing incinerators and reducing tree cuts. Metal ions from water can be removed through adsorption, where NWB is bonded to metal ions. NWB has been acknowledged as an economically viable and environmentally benign means of decontamination. Advanced analytical methods, such as X-ray diffusion, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and others, were used for the extensive characterization of NWB. The lemon peel nanoparticles exhibited a particle size range of 40 nm–65 nm. Additionally, a few experiments about contact time and pH were performed to improve NWB adsorption and increase NWB efficiency in eradicating heavy metal ions from polluted water sources.
Loneliness, social isolation, and living alone: a comprehensive systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of mortality risks in older adults
Authors: Nakou Agni , Dragioti Elena , Bastas Nikolaos-Stefanos , Zagorianakou Nektaria , Kakaidi Varvara , Tsartsalis Dimitrios , Mantzoukas Stefanos , Tatsis Fotios , Veronese Nicola , Solmi Marco , Gouva Mary
Published: January 2025

Loneliness, social isolation, and living alone are significant risk factors for mortality, particularly in older adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify their associations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older adults, broadening previous research by including more social factors. Comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, APA PsycINFO, and CINAHL until December 31, 2023, following PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE guidelines. Studies included were prospective cohort or longitudinal studies examining the relationship between loneliness, social isolation, living alone, and mortality. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analyses used random-effects models with the Restricted Maximum Likelihood method. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses explored the relationships further. Of 11,964 identified studies, 86 met the inclusion criteria. Loneliness was associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.10–1.18), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 84.0%). Similar associations were found for social isolation (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.27–1.43) and living alone (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.13–1.30). Subgroup analyses revealed variations based on factors like sex, age, region, chronic diseases, and study quality. Meta-regression identified longer follow-up, female sex, validated social network indices, adjustments for cognitive function, and study quality as significant predictors of mortality risks. These findings highlight the need for public health interventions to address these social factors and improve health outcomes in older adults. However, further research is needed due to variability and heterogeneity across studies. Also studying the cumulative effect of these factors on mortality risks will be of considerable interest.
Impedance Tube Solution for Helmholtz Resonator Prototyping
Authors: Jun David , Plasek Josef
Published: January 2025

Transfer function method impedance tube measurement is a well-known approach used for determining acoustical properties of mostly porous materials. This paper presents a prototype of impedance tube together with the software solution published under open-source license. The prototype is developed specifically for experimental design of Helmholtz resonators. For room acoustic purposes, these are difficult to sufficiently characterize by other methods because of their highly frequency dependent complex-valued pressure reflection factor resulting in large phase shifts happening upon reflection. The main benefits of the presented method are the movable rigid termination operated by a stepper motor and the use of open-source libraries as well as widely available hardware for the whole measurement.
Unlocking the Potential of Predictive Maintenance for Intelligent Manufacturing: a Case Study On Potentials, Barriers, and Critical Success Factors
Authors: Hoffmann Marcel André , Lasch Rainer
Published: January 2025

Predictive maintenance (PdM) is a data-driven maintenance strategy that aims to avoid unplanned downtimes by predicting the remaining lifetime of maintenance objects. Thus, unnecessary replacements of spare parts and critical process disturbances due to breakdowns can be avoided. Despite the widely recognized advantages of this technology, the number of successful applications in practice is still very limited. Our study aims to address the theory-practice gap by conducting a comprehensive case study involving 15 expert interviews with industry professionals to uncover critical factors that hinder the successful implementation of PdM. Our findings shed light on the underlying reasons for a hesitant PdM implementation, including challenges related to digital readiness, data quality and accessibility, technological integration, and maintenance organization. By providing an in-depth analysis of these factors, our study offers valuable insights and guidelines to improve the implementation success rate of PdM in the industrial context. Based on the empirical findings, we present critical implementation factors and develop a framework with ten propositions that aim to dismantle barriers in the industrial application process of PdM and stimulate further research in academia.
Inference on the shape of densities on Riemannian manifolds via SiZer
Authors: Jo Donghyeok , Jung Sungkyu
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we introduce a novel extension of SiZer to Riemannian manifolds as a tool for exploratory data analysis. The SiZer, first introduced by Chaudhuri and Marron (J Am Stat Assoc 94(447):807–823, 1999, https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1999.10474186) for analyzing univariate data, has been a useful tool for exploring and inferring the underlying features of data. Our method incorporates two sets of simultaneous testing procedures, targeting both first-order and second-order derivatives of the density on manifolds. This is facilitated through the evaluation of gradients and Hessians derived from kernel density estimates on i.i.d. samples from a distribution on manifolds, evaluated at a fine grid over the manifold. The gradient and the eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix provide a complete classification of local shapes in the case of two-dimensional manifolds, facilitating the identification of notable peaks, ridges, and other density features. While our definitions and methodologies are applicable across general Riemannian manifolds, we focus on the two-dimensional torus and unit spheres to further demonstrate our proposal. The utility of the extended SiZer is demonstrated in applications to real datasets of protein angles and an earthquake occurrence dataset, where it successfully identifies significant density features at various resolutions. A simulation study confirms that the proposed inference tools effectively control type I error rates while demonstrating substantial power in identifying density features.