bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide discovery ofDNApolymorphisms via resequencing of chickpea cultivars with contrasting response to drought stress
Authors: Rajkumar Mohan Singh , Garg Rohini , Jain Mukesh
Published: December 2021

Drought stress limits plant growth, resulting in a significant yield loss in chickpea. The diversification in genome sequence and selective sweep of allele(s) in different genotypes of a crop plant may play an important role in the determination of agronomic traits, including drought stress response. We investigated, via whole genome resequencing, the DNA polymorphisms between two sets of chickpea genotypes with contrasting drought stress responses (3 drought‐sensitive vs. 6 drought‐tolerant). In total, 36,406 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 3407 insertions or deletions (InDels) differentiating drought‐sensitive and drought‐tolerant chickpea genotypes were identified. Interestingly, most (91%) of these DNA polymorphisms were located in chromosomes 1 and 4. The genes harboring DNA polymorphisms in their promoter and/or coding regions and exhibiting differential expression under control and/or drought stress conditions between/within the drought‐sensitive and tolerant genotypes were found implicated in the stress response. Furthermore, we identified DNA polymorphisms within thecis‐regulatory motifs in the promoter region of abiotic stress‐related and QTL‐associated genes, which might contribute to the differential expression of the candidate drought‐responsive genes. In addition, we revealed the effect of nonsynonymous SNPs on mutational sensitivity and stability of the encoded proteins. Taken together, we identified DNA polymorphisms having relevance in drought stress response and revealed candidate genes to engineer drought tolerance in chickpea.
Effect of the rob(1;29) translocation on the fertility of beef cattle reared under extensive conditions: A 30‐year retrospective study
Authors: Jiménez Jose Maria , Morales Rosa , Molina Antonio , Moreno‐Millán Miguel , Demyda‐Peyrás Sebastián
Published: December 2021

The Robertsonian translocation 1/29 (rob(1;29)) is the most worldwide widespread chromosomal abnormality in domestic animals. Previous studies have demonstrated its negative effect on fertility in dairy herds, but not in beef cattle extensively bred. In this study, we analysed the effect of rob(1;29) in a Retinta cattle breed data set gathered during the last 30 years. The data presented herein include rob(1;29) analysis of 11,505 cows from 251 herds, pedigree information of 24,790 animals and 67,457 calving records. Fertility was evaluated using estimated breeding values for the reproductive efficiency (Re), calculated as the percentage ratio between the number of calvings of an individual and the number expected in an optimal situation. Our results showed that cows carrying the heterozygote genotype showed a significant decrease in their Re (−5.10%, p < .001). No decrease was detected in free rob(1;29) animals and homozygous carriers. In addition, the incidence of rob(1;29) in the breed fertility was decreased to very low values after 30 years of avoiding selection of bulls' carrier as stallions. The effect of rob(1;29) on cattle fertility is only significant when the prevalence of carrier individuals is high. Selecting against the disease only by the paternal side reduced the incidence to negligible values.
The erosionally confined to emergent transition in a slope‐derived blocky mass‐transport deposit interacting with a turbidite substrate, Ventimiglia Flysch Formation (Grès d’Annot System, north‐west Italy)
Authors: Marini Mattia , Patacci Marco , Felletti Fabrizio , Decarlis Alessandro , McCaffrey William
Published: December 2021

Basal interaction beneath frontally‐emergent mass‐transport deposits has been widely documented in seismic data, but its effect on deposit heterogeneity not convincingly calibrated at outcrop. Several blocky mass‐transport deposits occur as part of the Late Eocene Ventimiglia Flysch of north‐west Italy, comprising slope‐derived marlstones, representing the original slide, and turbidite material, entrained after erosion of substrate sediments; this study reports on the best exposed. Correlation of twenty‐nine sedimentary logs tied to the hosting turbidite stratigraphy allows thickness and facies changes to be tracked over an area of ca 40 km2, spanning the erosionally confined to emergent transition. A basal erosion >55 m deep and several kilometres wide confines a marlstone megabreccia containing megaclasts of up to 1 km across, interpreted as the product of a submarine slide originated from a sector collapse of the western basinal slope. Approaching the downstream limit of this erosional confinement the marlstone megabreccia is replaced by highly deformed turbidites that, more distally, are in turn superseded by a debrite composed dominantly of turbidite material. Structural and textural characteristics suggest that the distally‐extending debrite was deposited by a forerunner debris flow formed as substrate sediments liquefied ahead of the advancing slide, whereas the deformed turbidites were accumulated at slide margins shortly before it came to a halt. Farther downstream, the debrite is a few metres thick and sits onto the undisturbed basin floor, indicating that the mass flow became emergent distally, and was sufficiently mobile (with an estimated runout in excess of a few tens of kilometres) to redistribute the material evacuated from the basal erosion (>0.5 km3). The mass‐transport deposit terminates upward into a graded marlstone conglomerate deposited by a late‐stage multiphase flow. This study provides a rare insight into facies variation in a frontally‐emergent mass‐transport deposit, showing how basal interaction with poorly consolidated substrates can result in erosional confinement and significant transformation of the parental flow.
The contribution and potential of older blood donors in Asia Pacific regions
Authors: Fung Yoke‐Lin , Lee Cheuk‐Kwong , Kwon So‐Yong , Soedarmono Yuyun , Satake Masahiro , Alcantara Ramir , Donkin Rebecca
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To investigate the blood supply contribution of older donors in five Asia Pacific regions.

Background

Older people are often the largest blood user group. Thus, as the population ages blood supply needs increase. Minimum and maximum donation age criteria potentially constrain the size of the donor pool.

Materials and methods

Haemoglobin values and demographic frequency analytics (sex, age and blood type) were analysed on blood donors aged 60 years or more, from Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Singapore and South Korea over 12 months.

Results

Data on  434357 donations was analysed. ABO Rh(D) frequencies of older donors matched that of national frequencies. Older donors were a disproportionately smaller proportion of the total donor pool for each country. Indonesia was the only region with no maximum age limit. Median haemoglobin for older males ranged from 14.2 to 14.8 g/dl and for females 13.1 to 13.9 g/dl. The frequency of female donors was between 15% and 33% of older donors. Older donors had higher donation frequency and lower deferral rates.

Conclusion

Older donors are loyal and regular donors but under‐represented in all regions studied. They could help meet future blood supply needs, especially post‐menopausal female donors. Studies including ferritin levels are needed to determine if upper age limits can be safely modified.
Effect of Pin Fins on Jet Impingement Heat Transfer Over a Rotating Disk
Authors: Bhansali Pratik S. , Ramakrishnan Kishore Ranganath , Ekkad Srinath V.
Published: December 2021

Many engineering applications consist of rotating components that experience high-heat load. Applications like the gas turbine engine consist of rotating disks and the study of heat transfer over such rotating surfaces is of particular interest. In the case of gas turbines, the disk also needs to be protected from the ingress of hot turbine gases caused by the low-pressure region created due to the radially outward pumping of fluid close to the rotating surface. The present experimental study investigates the effects of introducing pin-fins on heat transfer over surface of a rotating gas-turbine disk. The experiments were conducted at rotational Reynolds numbers (ReR) of 5487–12,803 based on the disk diameter (D) and jet Reynolds numbers (Re) of 5000–18,000 based on the jet diameter. The effects of nozzle to target spacing (z/d=2−6), eccentricity of impingement (ε = 0−0.67), angle of impingement—both toward and away from the center (θi and θo=0 deg−20 deg), and the pin fin height (Hf=3.05 mm−19.05 mm) were studied. Steady-state temperature measurements were taken using thermocouples embedded in the disk close to the target surface, and area average Nusselt number (Nu) was calculated. The results have been compared with those for a smooth aluminum disk of equal dimensions and without any pin-fins. The average Nu was significantly enhanced by the presence of pin-fins. The enhancement was higher for lower values of Re, and the maximum enhancement was found to be 3.9 times that of a smooth disk for Re=5000. In the impingement dominant regime, the effect of disk rotation was minimal for a smooth disk, but the heat transfer increased with rotational speed in case of pin-fins. There was no impact of eccentricity on Nu for ε = 0 and 0.33. For ε = 0.67, the maximum reduction in enhancement over a smooth surface (21.95%) was observed when compared with coaxial impingement for stationary impingement for Re=18,000 and z/d=4. The effect of inclination angle was insignificant, and no clear trend could be established. Higher heat transfer rates were observed for z/d=6 with the increasing Re, and this effect diminished with the increase in the rotational speed. With the increase in pin-fin height, especially at higher values of Re, there was in increase in the value of Nu. Qualitative visualization of flow field has been performed for smooth and the pin-fin case using the commercial simulation package Ansys Fluent to further understand the flow features that result in the heat transfer enhancement.
Features of the Flow of a Model Liquid Into a Medium With a Variable Degree of Rarefaction
Authors: Yaskin A. S. , Zarvin A. E. , Dubrovin K. A. , Kalyada V. V.
Published: December 2021

Experimental results of observing ethanol microjets expiring into a highly rarefied medium (vacuum) through a nozzle are presented. The study of the process was carried out both at the horizontal and vertical liquid stream from the source compared to the direction of gravity The residual background gas pressure in the vacuum chamber was maintained at a level much lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the working fluid at a given outlet temperature. The possibility of modeling complex processes of microfluids expiring into a medium with a given rarefied atmosphere on a compact vacuum gas-dynamic stand is shown. It is established that the long-term flow from a thin capillary or a small-diameter hole into a vacuum or a highly rarefied gas medium differs significantly from the well-studied flow modes into a dense gas medium, as well as from the pulsed flow modes into a vacuum. The paper describes the main features of the flow and the conditions for the occurrence of instability. It is shown that the long-term flow of a liquid microjet in a vacuum has a high degree of surface instability, with a large number of sudden changes in the direction, structure, and observed density. An explanation of the reasons for the destruction of the microjet (due to the combination of capillary instability and intense evaporation of superheated liquid from the surface of the jet) is proposed. The formation of surface gas caverns causing explosive destruction of the microjet with the release of vapor–liquid droplets is established.
Effect of Shot Peening on the Surface Oxidation of P92 Steel in the Steam Environment at 600 °C
Authors: Huang Yuhui , Xuan Fu-Zhen
Published: December 2021

The effect of shot peening on oxidation behavior of P92 steel was investigated under the steam environment of 600 °C. Evolution of microstructure, hardness and residual stress under different air pressure of shot peening were discussed. On the shot peened surface, a stable hematite outer layer was detected by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The increased oxidation resistance of hematite layer was ascribed to the increased outward diffusion of Cr and the decreased inward diffusion of oxygen. In addition, the role of residual stress in the oxygen diffusion was discussed.
The Flow-Structure Couplings of Fluidelastic Instability and the Effect of Frequency Detuning in Triangular Tube Bundles Subjected to a Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Sadek Omar , Mohany Atef , Hassan Marwan
Published: December 2021

For decades, fluidelastic instability (FEI) has been known to cause dramatic mechanical failures in tube bundles. Therefore, it has been extensively studied to mitigate its catastrophic consequences. Most of these studies were conducted in controlled experiments where significant simplifications to the geometry and flow conditions were utilized. One of these simplifications is the assumption that all tubes have the same dynamic characteristics. However, in steam generators with U-bend tube configuration, the natural frequencies of tubes are nonuniform due to manufacturing tolerances and tubes' curvature in the U-bend region. Thus, this investigation aims to understand the rule of frequency variation (detuning) on FEI in two-phase flow. This includes investigating the effect of detuning on transverse and streamwise FEI for air–water mixture flow. The role of FEI damping and stiffness couplings was investigated over the entire range of air void fraction, or equivalently, the mass-damping parameter. It was found that frequency detuning could elevate the stability threshold caused by either coupling at high air void fraction in the case of transverse FEI. Furthermore, the frequency detuning had a marginal effect on the stability threshold for water flow. It was observed that the mass-damping parameter has a critical impact on FEI under detuning conditions.
Physics-informed neural networks for one-dimensional sound field predictions with parameterized sources and impedance boundaries
Authors: Borrel-Jensen Nikolas , Engsig-Karup Allan P. , Jeong Cheol-Ho
Published: December 2021

Realistic sound is essential in virtual environments, such as computer games and mixed reality. Efficient and accurate numerical methods for pre-calculating acoustics have been developed over the last decade; however, pre-calculating acoustics makes handling dynamic scenes with moving sources challenging, requiring intractable memory storage. A physics-informed neural network (PINN) method in one dimension is presented, which learns a compact and efficient surrogate model with parameterized moving Gaussian sources and impedance boundaries and satisfies a system of coupled equations. The model shows relative mean errors below 2%/0.2 dB and proposes a first step in developing PINNs for realistic three-dimensional scenes.
Supplemental Material: New detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotopic data from metasedimentary rocks along the western boundary of the composite Avalon terrane in the southeastern New England Appalachians
Authors: Severson Allison , al. et
Published: December 2021

U-Pb LA-ICP-MS detrital zircon data for three samples collected along the western boundary of the Avalon terrane in southeastern New England
Metformin improves skeletal muscle microvascular insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Jahn Linda A. , Hartline Lee , Liu Zhenqi , Barrett Eugene J.
Published: December 2021

Metformin, a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, is often used in patients with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Here, we provide the first evidence for metformin improving muscle microvascular insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant humans. Simultaneously, metformin improved muscle glucose disposal, supporting a close relationship between insulin’s microvascular and its metabolic actions in muscle. Whether enhanced microvascular insulin sensitivity contributes to metformin’s ability to decrease microvascular complications in diabetes remains to be resolved.
Study the Effects of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Oxide Combinations on the Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardance of Epoxy Nanocomposites
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh , Bui Thi Thu Trang
Published: December 2021

Carbon-based fillers have attracted a lot of interest in polymer composites because of their ability to alter beneficial properties at low filler concentrations, good surface bonding with polymers, availability in different forms, etc. Carbon-based materials (such as fullerene, CNTs, graphene, and graphite) have been studied as fillers with enhanced fire resistance to epoxy resins. In order to reduce the flammability and improve the thermal stability of epoxy resin-based nanocomposite materials, which can be achieved by a simultaneous combination of graphene oxide and multiwall carbon nanotubes, the graphite oxide (GO) epoxy nanomaterial was developed by 1% wt.% GO combined with 0.02 wand 0.04 wt.% MWCNT. The homogeneous dispersion of GO and MWCNTs in epoxy resins is supported by ultrasonic vibrations. The results showed that when nanocomposite materials were present at the same time MWCNTs and GO, their mechanical properties and fire resistance were significantly improved. Nanomaterials are characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and SEM imaging, mechanical strength, and flame retardant properties (LOI, UL94).
Modeling and Analysis of Football Players’ Specific Physical Ability Based on Training Evaluation Index
Authors: Li Yuanhua , Zeng Shishan
Published: December 2021

In order to accurately and efficiently evaluate the effect of special physical training for football players, modeling and analysis of evaluation indexes of special physical training for football players were mainly carried out. This paper analyzes the construction principle of the evaluation index system of football players’ special physical training, determines the evaluation primary index system, and constructs the evaluation index system of football players’ special physical training through comparison and screening. On this basis, the analytic hierarchy process is used to calculate the weight of the evaluation index, according to the weight calculation results of the evaluation index modeling using multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation so as to get the evaluation results of the special physical training of football players. The experimental results show that the evaluation results of football players’ special physical training are consistent with the expert evaluation results, and the evaluation time is short, which can realize the accurate and efficient evaluation of football players’ special physical training effect.
Study on Automatic Evaluation Method of Spoken English Based on Multimodal Discourse Analysis Theory
Authors: Ren Junlong
Published: December 2021

Aiming at the low confidence of traditional spoken English automatic evaluation methods, this study designs an automatic evaluation method of spoken English based on multimodal discourse analysis theory. This evaluation method uses sound sensors to collect spoken English pronunciation signals, decomposes the spoken English speech signals by multilayer wavelet feature scale transform, and carries out adaptive filter detection and spectrum analysis on spoken English speech signals according to the results of feature decomposition. Based on multimodal discourse analysis theory, this evaluation method can extract the automatic evaluation features of spoken English and automatically recognize the speech quality according to the results. The experimental results show that, compared with the control group, the designed evaluation method has obvious advantages in confidence evaluation and can solve the problem of low confidence of traditional oral automatic evaluation methods.
Improving the Mechanical Properties of Red Clay Using Xanthan Gum Biopolymer
Authors: Wang Lina , Weng Zhiyu , Liu Qiang , Wang Tianliang , Pan Xuemin , Li Guoyu , Wang Zhiliang
Published: December 2021

The traditional treatment of red clay using inorganic materials leads to many serious environmental problems. The study investigates the mechanical properties of red clay using an environmental-friendly material—xanthan gum—through confined compression, direct shear, and scanning electron microscope tests. At the macroscale, xanthan gum content and curing age had obvious effects on the compressibility, presenting the treated red clay was in the category of low compressibility which gradually increased when xanthan gum content exceeded 1.5%. The xanthan gum content and curing age also had significant influences on the cohesion but not on the internal friction angle. The shear strength of red clay can be improved by increasing the cohesion without obviously changing the friction characteristics. After curing for 28 days, the cohesion and internal friction angle of 2.0% xanthan gum-treated soil were effectively improved to 170.44 kPa and 20.56°, which were increased by 69.79% and 9.36°, respectively, compared with untreated red clay. Microscopic analysis indicated that the strengthening mechanism by xanthan gum was derived from changing the arrangement characteristics of soil particles and forming hard biopolymer-red clay matrices. The proper xanthan gum can effectively wrap clay particles and fill pore spaces. However, the extensive stacking of gels would also reduce the effective connection of clay particles and produce local weak points in the soil, resulting in attenuation of mechanical properties. This study enriches the treatment measure of red clay and provides beneficial experiences for biopolymer application on special clay.
Early Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Exerts Neuroprotective Effects and Improves Motor Functions in Hemiparkinsonian Rats
Authors: Hsieh Tsung-Hsun , He Xiao-Kuo , Liu Hui-Hua , Chen Jia-Jin J. , Peng Chih-Wei , Liu Hao-Li , Rotenberg Alexander , Chen Ko-Ting , Chang Ming-Yuan , Chiang Yung-Hsiao , Chang Pi-Kai , Kuo Chi-Wei
Published: December 2021

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a popular noninvasive technique for modulating motor cortical plasticity and has therapeutic potential for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the therapeutic benefits and related mechanisms of rTMS in PD are still uncertain. Accordingly, preclinical animal research is helpful for enabling translational research to explore an effective therapeutic strategy and for better understanding the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the current study was designed to identify the therapeutic effects of rTMS on hemiparkinsonian rats. A hemiparkinsonian rat model, induced by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), was applied to evaluate the therapeutic potential of rTMS in motor functions and neuroprotective effect of dopaminergic neurons. Following early and long-term rTMS intervention with an intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) paradigm (starting 24 h post-6-OHDA lesion, 1 session/day, 7 days/week, for a total of 4 weeks) in awake hemiparkinsonian rats, the effects of rTMS on the performance in detailed functional behavioral tests, including video-based gait analysis, the bar test for akinesia, apomorphine-induced rotational analysis, and tests of the degeneration level of dopaminergic neurons, were identified. We found that four weeks of rTMS intervention significantly reduced the aggravation of PD-related symptoms post-6-OHDA lesion. Immunohistochemically, the results showed that tyrosine hydroxylase- (TH-) positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and fibers in the striatum were significantly preserved in the rTMS treatment group. These findings suggest that early and long-term rTMS with the iTBS paradigm exerts neuroprotective effects and mitigates motor impairments in a hemiparkinsonian rat model. These results further highlight the potential therapeutic effects of rTMS and confirm that long-term rTMS treatment might have clinical relevance and usefulness as an additional treatment approach in individuals with PD.
Lifetime Prevalence of Sexual Violence and Its Associated Factors among High School Female Students in Jarso District, Oromia Region, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Dufera Fufa , Kebira Jemal Yusuf , Gobena Tesfaye , Assefa Nega
Published: December 2021

Background. Sexual violence is a serious public health problem affecting millions of young girls and women across the world. Recently, the issue of sexual violence against schoolgirls has garnered global and national attention with implications for health and education outcomes. Sexual violence is driven by a multitude of risk factors that occur at different levels. Understanding the magnitude, risk factors, and conceptuality of sexual violence is crucial for setting priorities and elimination efforts at different levels. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the lifetime prevalence of sexual violence and associated factors among high school female students in Jarso district, Oromia region, eastern Ethiopia. Methods. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in public high schools of Jarso district, eastern Ethiopia, from 1st March to 5th April 2019. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 559 eligible study participants. Data were collected by a structured self-administered questionnaire. The outcome measure of interest was lifetime sexual violence. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done. Statistically significant association of variables had been declared based on the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% CI and

p

value < 0.05. Results. The overall magnitude of sexual violence among female students was 28.6% (95% CI: 25%-32.2%) in the study area. Forty (7.2%) participants have experienced coercive sex against their consent. Participant’s level of education ((

AOR
=
1.5

, 95% CI (1.03–2.30)), being unmarried ((

AOR
=
2.80

, 95% CI (1.40–5.81)), consumption of alcohol ((

AOR
=
3.41

, 95% CI (1.11–10.40)), using substances (hashish and/or shisha) ((

AOR
=
2.6

, 95% CI (1.02–6.50)), and ever initiated sexual intercourse ((

AOR
=
5.9

, 95% CI (3.3–10.7)) were positively and statistically associated with sexual violence at

p

value < 0.05. Conclusion. The overall magnitude of sexual violence was relatively high (28.6%). Thus, any intervention aimed to address sexual violence should consider the identified associated risk factors in the study area.
Unsupervised Image-Generation Enhanced Adaptation for Object Detection in Thermal Images
Authors: Liu Peng , Li Fuyu , Yuan Shanshan , Li Wanyi
Published: December 2021

Object detection in thermal images is an important computer vision task and has many applications such as unmanned vehicles, robotics, surveillance, and night vision. Deep learning-based detectors have achieved major progress, which usually need large amount of labelled training data. However, labelled data for object detection in thermal images is scarce and expensive to collect. How to take advantage of the large number labelled visible images and adapt them into thermal image domain is expected to solve. This paper proposes an unsupervised image-generation enhanced adaptation method for object detection in thermal images. To reduce the gap between visible domain and thermal domain, the proposed method manages to generate simulated fake thermal images that are similar to the target images and preserves the annotation information of the visible source domain. The image generation includes a CycleGAN-based image-to-image translation and an intensity inversion transformation. Generated fake thermal images are used as renewed source domain, and then the off-the-shelf domain adaptive faster RCNN is utilized to reduce the gap between the generated intermediate domain and the thermal target domain. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
HIF-1α Is Associated with Resistance to Hypoxia-Induced Apoptosis in Ameloblastoma
Authors: Valladares Katherine Julissa Palma , Balbinot Karolyny Martins , Lopes de Moraes Antonia Taiane , Kataoka Maria Sueli da Silva , Ramos Aline Maria Pereira Cruz , Ramos Rommel Thiago Jucá , da Silva Artur Luiz da Costa , Mesquita Ricardo Alves , Normando David , Alves Júnior Sérgio de Melo , Pinheiro João de Jesus Viana
Published: December 2021

Background. Ameloblastoma (AMB) is a benign odontogenic tumour, with an aggressive local behaviour and a high rate of recurrence. Previous studies have demonstrated that hypoxia-induced factor alpha 1 (HIF-1α) and activated caspase-3 contribute to tumour invasiveness and cytogenesis in ameloblastoma. Hypoxia increases HIF-1α levels, which triggers a number of signalling pathways. This paper aimed to present data in the study of hypoxia-activated signalling pathways that modulate proapoptotic and antiapoptotic events in AMB. Methods. Twenty cases of AMB and ten cases of dental follicle (DF) were used to analyse the immunoexpression of HIF-1α, p53, BNIP3, Bcl-2, IAP-2, GLUT1, and Bax. To contribute to the study, an analysis of expression and genetic interaction was performed using the cell line AME-1. Results. AMB and DF expressed the studied proteins. These proteins showed significantly greater immunoexpression in AMB compared with the DF (

p
<
0.05

). HIF-1α showed an important association with GLUT1, and a positive correlation was observed among p53, Bcl-2, and IAP-2. Transcriptomic analysis showed the significant expression of the studied proteins, and the network generated showed a direct association of HIF-1αF with GLUT1 (SLC2A1), TP53, and LDHA. Interestingly, GLUT1 also exhibited direct interaction with TP53 and LDHA. Conclusion. In AMB tumorigenesis, hypoxia is possibly related to antiapoptotic events, which suggests an important role for HIF-1α, GLUT1, Bcl-2, IAP-2, and possibly p53.
The Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Art Design in the Digital Age
Authors: Shen Yan , Yu Fang
Published: December 2021

With the advancement of technology represented by artificial intelligence, art creation is becoming increasingly rich, and content expression is intelligent, interactive, and data-driven, making the relationship between technology, art, and people increasingly close and bringing opportunities for the development of emerging interaction. Artificial intelligence technologies aim to perfectly replicate the human mind by enabling natural responses based on the surrounding environment, decoding emotions, and recognizing human traits within the energy range. Driven by AI technology, interactive art no longer focuses on a single audiovisual sensory experience but rather on integrated artistic expressions that are highly interactive, kinetic, and emotional, based on the study of natural human behavior and integrated senses, combined with intelligence. In this paper, we first sort out the intersection of AI technology development and interactive art expression streams on the timeline based on historical development and analyze the deconstructive relationship between the two from the macroperspective of the historical development of technology and art. First, based on the conceptual connotation, development history, technical application, and singularity outlook of AI, we identify the current characteristics and development trends of interactive art; second, based on exploring the advantages of AI technology, we propose the impact of AI on the creative thinking, creative mode, and artistic experience of interactive art and establish the paradigm of interactive art creation in the context of AI. It solves the problem that experts are unable to quickly locate the category of painters when facing different styles of unsigned digital Chinese painting images in the authenticity identification task.
Acute Liver Failure Requiring Liver Transplantation due to Acute Hepatitis A Virus Infection
Authors: Xie Chencheng , Fenkel Jonathan M. , Halegoua-DeMarzio Dina L. , Civan Jesse M. , Tholey Danielle M. , Herrine Steven K. , Thapar Manish , Ambelil Manju , Arastu Sanaa , Frank Adam M. , Shah Ashesh P. , Glorioso Jamie M. , Ramirez Carlo G. , Bodzin Adam S. , Maley Warren R. , Sass David A.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Hepatitis A infection (HAV) is generally characterized by an acute icteric illness or may have a subclinical self-limited course, although rarely, can result in fulminant hepatitis and death. In 2019, the City of Philadelphia declared a public health emergency due to an HAV outbreak. We are reporting a series of four cases of acute liver failure (ALF) requiring liver transplantation (LT) due to acute HAV. Methods. Chart review and case descriptions of four patients with acute HAV-related ALF who were expeditiously evaluated, listed as Status 1A, and who underwent LT between August 2019 and October 2019 at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. Results. All four patients presented with acute hepatocellular jaundice and had a positive HAV IgM, and all other causes of ALF were excluded. All four cases met the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) criteria for ALF. Three of the four cases met King’s College Criteria of poor prognosis for nonacetaminophen-induced ALF. All four patients underwent successful LT and were discharged six to twelve days postoperatively. One patient died of disseminated Aspergillus infection five months after LT, while the others have had excellent clinical outcomes shown by one-year follow-ups. All four explants had remarkably similar histological changes, revealing acute hepatitis with massive necrosis accompanied by a prominent lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate and bile ductular proliferation. Conclusion. Although rare, patients presenting with acute HAV need close monitoring as they may rapidly progress to ALF. Early referral to a transplant center afforded timely access to LT and yielded overall good one-year survival. Widespread HAV vaccination for high-risk individuals is an essential strategy for preventing disease and curbing such future outbreaks.
Principle of Limiting Factors‐Driven Piecewise Population Growth Model I: Qualitative Exploration and Study Cases on Continuous‐Time Dynamics
Authors: Echavarria-Heras Héctor A. , Leal-Ramírez Cecilia , Gómez Guillermo , Montiel-Arzate Elia
Published: December 2021

We examine the comportment of the global trajectory of a piecewisely conceived single species population growth model. Formulation relies on what we develop as the principle of limiting factors for population growth, adapted from the law of the minimum of Liebig and the law of the tolerance of Shelford. The ensuing paradigm sets natality and mortality rates to express through extreme values of population growth determining factor. Dynamics through time occur over different growth phases. Transition points are interpreted as thresholds of viability, starvation, and intraspecific competition. In this delivery, we focus on the qualitative study of the global trajectory expressed on continuous time and on exploring the feasibility of analytical results against data on populations growing under experimental or natural conditions. All study cases sustained fittings of high reproducibility both at empirical and interpretative slants. Possible phase configurations include regimes with multiple stable equilibria, sigmoidal growth, extinction, or stationarity. Here, we also outline that the associating discrete‐time piecewise model composes the logistic map applied over a particular region of the phase configuration. Preliminary exploratory analysis suggests that the logistic map’s chaos onset could surpass once the orbit enters a contiguous phase region.
Analysis on the Application of Multimedia-Assisted Music Teaching Based on AI Technology
Authors: Ma Xiaoqian
Published: December 2021

In order to improve the effect of modern music teaching, this paper combines AI technology to construct a multimedia-assisted music teaching system, combines music teaching data processing requirements to improve the algorithm, proposes appropriate music data filtering algorithms, and performs appropriate data compression processing. Moreover, the functional structure analysis of the intelligent music teaching system is carried out with the support of the improved algorithm, and the three-tier framework technology that is currently more widely used is used in the music multimedia teaching system. Finally, in order to realize the complex functions of the system, the system adopts a layered approach. From the experimental research results, it can be seen that the multimedia-assisted music teaching system based on AI technology proposed in this paper can effectively improve the effect of modern music teaching.
Parallel Classification Algorithm Design of Human Resource Big Data Based on Spark Platform
Authors: Zhouhuo Wang
Published: December 2021

In order to solve the problem of large data classification of human resources, a new parallel classification algorithm of large data of human resources based on the Spark platform is proposed in this study. According to the spark platform, it can complete the update and distance calculation of the human resource big data clustering center and design the big data clustering process. Based on this, the K-means clustering method is introduced to mine frequent itemsets of large data and optimize the aggregation degree of similar large data. A fuzzy genetic algorithm is used to identify the balance of big data. This study adopts the selective integration method to study the unbalanced human resource database classifier in the process of transmission, introduces the decision contour matrix to construct the anomaly support model of the set of unbalanced human resource data classifier, identifies the features of the big data of human resource in parallel, repairs the relevance of the big data of human resource, introduces the improved ant colony algorithm, and finally realizes the design of the parallel classification algorithm of the big data of human resource. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a low time cost, good classification effect, and ideal parallel classification rule complexity.
Neural Function Recovery and Safety of Mild Hypothermia Therapy Combined with Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside on Neonatal Asphyxia Complicated by Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Ge Jingjing , Jiao Xiaoling , Qi Fanlin , Li Hui
Published: December 2021

Objective. To explore the effect and safety of mild hypothermia therapy combined with monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) on neural function recovery of neonatal asphyxia complicated by hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods. The clinical data of 90 neonates with HIE were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment methods, the neonates were divided into a routine group, a mild hypothermia group, and a combination group, with 30 cases in each group. The differences in neural function recovery, biochemical indexes, clinical signs recovery, efficacy, and complications were observed in the three groups after treatment. Results. After treatment, the score of neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) and level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the combination group were higher than those of the other two groups (

P
<
0.05

). The levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S-100β protein, and plasma neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the combination group were lower than those in the other two groups, and the recovery time of consciousness, muscle tension, and reflex was shorter (

P
<
0.05

). The combination group showed higher total effective rate and lower incidence of complications as compared with the other two groups (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Mild hypothermia therapy combined with GM1 for the treatment of neonatal asphyxia complicated by HIE can promote the recovery of neural function and reduce the incidence of complications in neonates.
GC/MS Profiling and Ex Vivo Antibacterial Activity of Salvadora persica (Siwak) against Enterococcus faecalis as Intracanal Medicament
Authors: Ayoub Nahla , Badr Nadia , Al-Ghamdi Saeed S , Alzahrani Arwa , Alsulaimani Rahaf , Nassar Afnan , Qadi Rawabi , Afifi Ibtesam K. , Swilam Noha
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Salvadora persica L. (S. persica, Siwak) has been used for many centuries as oral hygiene tools, particularly in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of S. persica petroleum ether extract (SPE) as an intracanal bactericidal for endodontic treatment against Enterococcus faecalis. Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 gold standard intracanal medicament was used for comparison. Methods. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was carried out to identify the components of SPE. First, the consistency of SPE was accomplished according to ANSI/ADA specification no 57. Forty-five single-rooted mandibular premolars were infected with that of E. faecalis suspension. Colony-forming units (CFU) were counted before the medicaments’ application (CFU-1) and after seven days of their applications (CFU-2). Group I: SPE, Group II: positive control Ca(OH)2, and Group III: saline solution negative control. The microdilution method was applied to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of SPE. Results. Thirty-two compounds were identified (89.09%), with main components of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) (33.32%) and steroids (34%). CFU before and after using SPE and Ca(OH)2 recorded a statistically significant reduction in bacterial count (

P
=
0.006

) and (

P
=
0.01

), respectively. There was an insignificant difference between CFU after using SPE and Ca(OH)2 (

P
=
0.210

). On the contrary, comparing both medicaments with the negative control saline group resulted in significant differences, (

P
=
0.001

) and (

P
=
0.007

), respectively. Moreover, the equality of minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SPE is recorded. Conclusion. This finding could be referred to the high content of bactericidal BITC in synergism with other antimicrobial components, representing 70.71% of SPE. Thus, SPE is a good candidate as an intracanal medicament, which warrants further investigation.
Screening and Functional Verification of Selectable Marker Genes for Cordyceps militaris
Authors: Lou Haiwei , Zhao Yu , Zhao Renyong , Ye Zhiwei , Lin Junfang , Guo Liqiong
Published: December 2021

The selectable marker genes are necessary resistance genes for gene knockout, gene complementation, and gene overexpression in filamentous fungi. Moreover, the more sensitive the filamentous fungi are to antibiotics, the more helpful it is to screen the target transformants. In order to obtain the antibiotic (or herbicide) which can effectively inhibit the growth of Cordyceps militaris and verify the function of the corresponding resistance gene in C. militaris, the sensitivity of C. militaris to hygromycin and glufosinate ammonium was compared to determine the resistance gene that was more suitable for the screening of C. militaris transformants. The binary vector of the selectable marker gene was constructed by combining the double-joint PCR (DJ-PCR) method and the homologous recombination method, and the function of the selectable marker gene in C. militaris was verified by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. The results showed that C. militaris was more sensitive to glufosinate ammonium than hygromycin. The growth of C. militaris could be completely inhibited by 250 μg/mL glufosinate ammonium. The expression cassette of the glufosinate ammonium resistance gene (bar gene) was successfully constructed by DJ-PCR. The binary vector pCAMBIA0390-Bar was successfully constructed by homologous recombination. The bar gene of the vector pCAMBIA0390-Bar was successfully integrated into the C. militaris genome and could be highly expressed in the transformants of C. militaris. This study will promote the identification of C. militaris gene function and reveal the biosynthetic pathways of bioactive components in C. militaris.
Effect of Dimple Depth-Diameter Ratio on the Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Supercritical Hydrocarbon Fuel in Regenerative Cooling Channel
Authors: Li Lihan , Li Xin , Qin Jiang , Zhang Silong , Bao Wen
Published: December 2021

In order to extend the cooling capacity of thermal protection in various advanced propulsion systems, dimple as an effective heat transfer enhancement device with low-pressure loss has been proposed in regenerative cooling channels of a scramjet. In this paper, numerical simulation is conducted to investigate the effect of the dimple depth-diameter ratio on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical hydrocarbon fuel inside the cooling channel. The thermal performance factor is adopted to evaluate the local synthetically heat transfer. The results show that increasing the dimple depth-diameter ratio

h
/

d

p

can significantly reduce wall temperature and enhance the heat transfer inside the cooling channel but simultaneously increase pressure loss. The reason is that when

h
/

d

p

is rising, the recirculation zones inside dimples would be enlarged and the reattachment point is moving downstream, which enlarge both the high Nu area at rear edge of dimple and the low Nu area in dimple front. In addition, when fluid temperature is nearer the fluid pseudocritical temperature, local acceleration caused by dramatic fluid property change would reduce the increment of heat transfer and also reduce pressure loss. In this study, the optimal depth-diameter ratio of dimple in regenerative cooling channel of hydrocarbon fueled is 0.2.
A Study of Generalized Projective
P
−
Curvature Tensor on Warped Product Manifolds
Authors: De Uday Chand , Abdelhameed Syied Abdallah , Bin Turki Nasser , Alsaeed Suliman
Published: December 2021

The main aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the

P
−

curvature flatness,

P
−

divergence-free characteristic, and

P
−

symmetry of a warped product manifold on its base and fiber (factor) manifolds. It is proved that the base and the fiber manifolds of the

P
−

curvature flat warped manifold are Einstein manifold. Besides that, the forms of the

P
−

curvature tensor on the base and the fiber manifolds are obtained. The warped product manifold with

P

−

divergence-free characteristic is investigated, and amongst many results, it is proved that the factor manifolds are of constant scalar curvature. Finally,

P
−

symmetric warped product manifold is considered.
Fund Matching between Fund-Raisers and Investors in Financing Platform with Consideration of Default Risk
Authors: Li Kenan , Li Xin , Lin Zhijun , Lu Jing , Che Pak Hou
Published: December 2021

We construct a stochastic model to study the fund matching between fund-raisers and investors in a financing platform. The raising time is assumed to be a random variable. Then, there is a successful transaction probability that the fund matching is realized. Meanwhile, the interest and the commission rate that the platform earns affect the value of the probability. The platform maximizes its revenue by adjusting the commission rate. We find that the optimal commission rate decreases in investment time. However, when the time interval between two adjacent investments obeys the general distribution, the optimal commission rate increases in the annual interest rate. Besides, we extend the model into a duopoly case in which two fund-raisers compete for customers in the same platform by deciding their own interest rate. Due to lacking competition, the optimal interest rate in the monopoly case is lower than that in the duopoly case. Because the interest rate is the cost for the fund-raiser, the expected profit of the fund-raiser in the monopoly is higher than the expected profit of each fund-raiser in the duopoly case but lower than the total expected profit of two fund-raisers. The platform should choose some small loans as far as possible. The loans with smaller amount are easier for the platform to complete fundraising. For those large loans, the platform should try to ask for higher interest rates or more sufficient time to raise funds.