bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Varying Dentin and Enamel Layer Thicknesses of Nano-composite Resins on Color Match between Lithium Disilicate Dental Ceramic and Composite Resins
Authors: Saati Khosroshahi Elmira , Jafari Navimipour Elmira , Pournaghi Azar Fatemeh , Abed-Kahnamoui Mehdi , Bahari Mahmoud
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of varying dentin and enamel layer thicknesses of two nano-composite resins on color match of composite resins and lithium disilicate dental ceramic.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-six specimens of two types of nano-composite resins, Opallis and Vittra, were fabricated using the two-layered technique with different thickness ratios of enamel and dentin composites (A2 shade) with a total thickness of 1.2mm. Thirteen discs of the same shade and thickness of IPS e.max Press LT (low translucency) lithium disilicate dental ceramic were also fabricated. Specimen color was measured with a spectrophotometer. The difference in color (ΔE00) of composite and ceramic specimens, and the translucency parameter (TP) of all specimens were calculated. Data were analyzed using multi-factor ANOVA (P<0.05).
Results: The color difference (ΔE00) values of composites and ceramic were not clinically acceptable in any areas of either of the two composites (ΔE00>2.25). But ΔE00 between the two composite resins was in the clinically acceptable range (ΔE00<2.25). The mean TP value of IPS e.max Press was greater than that of Vittra and lower than that of Opallis.
Conclusion: In similar thicknesses, composite resins with any enamel/dentin thickness ratio could not successfully simulate the color and translucency of IPS e.max Press LT ceramic.
Self-declarative Performance of General Dentists in Prescribing Analgesics and Antibiotics for Patients Requiring Root Canal Treatment
Authors: Dibaji Fatemeh , Yazdani Reza , Sajadi Sara , Mohamadi Elahe , Mohammadian Fatemeh , Kharazi Fard Mohammad Javad
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the self-declarative performance of general dentists in prescription of analgesics and antibiotics for patients requiring root canal treatment (RCT).
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 general dentists participating in the 55th International Annual Scientific Congress of the Iranian Dental Association (2015) were randomly selected, and requested to complete a questionnaire about their performance regarding prescribing analgesics and antibiotics for patients requiring RCT. The frequency and percentage of answers to each question were calculated and reported.
Results: The most commonly prescribed analgesics included ibuprofen (100.0%), Gelofen (100.0%), Novafen (68.5%) and acetaminophen (24.8%). After RCT, dentists prescribed ibuprofen (100.0%), Gelofen (98.3%), dexamethasone (35.3%), Novafen (27.3%) and acetaminophen/codeine (15.8%) in decreasing order of frequency. Antibiotic prescription was minimum (48.5%) for cases with painful (moderate or severe) irreversible pulpitis (vital tooth) before the treatment and maximum for cases of pulp necrosis with acute apical periodontitis, edema, and preoperative symptoms (moderate or severe) (97.3%). For non-allergic patients, the most frequently prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin 500 mg (93.3%), cefixime 400 mg (81.3%), amoxicillin/metronidazole 250 mg (71.8%), co-amoxiclav 265 mg (36.3%) and injectable penicillin (0.5%). For allergic patients, dentists prescribed clindamycin 300 mg (84.0%), cephalexin 500 mg (15.8%), azithromycin 500 mg (13.5%), and erythromycin 500 mg (10.8%). Sex and graduation date had no significant effect on the results (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Antibiotic prescription is excessive by general dentists, and their performance regarding the proper and logical prescription of antibiotics in RCT should be improved.
Comparison of Shear Bond Strength, Adhesive Remnant Index and Enamel Cracks in Bonding and Rebonding of Stainless Steel Brackets to Enamel Surface Conditioned with Er:YAG Laser Versus Conventional Acid Etching
Authors: Soltanmohamadi Borujeni Elahe , Chalipa Javad , Etemadi Ardavan , Nasiri Maryam , Kharrazifard Mohammad Javad , Ahmad Akhoundi Mohammad Sadegh
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index and enamel cracks in bonding and rebonding of brackets to enamel, conditioned with erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser and conventional acid-etching.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-two bovine lower incisors were randomly divided into four groups consisting of group 1 (acid-conditioning in both bondings), group 2 (acid-conditioning in first and laser-conditioning in second bonding), group 3 (laser-conditioning in first- and acid-conditioning in second bonding), and group 4 (laser-conditioning in both bondings). After bracket placement, the samples were thermocycled and tested for SBS in both bonding procedures. Adhesive remnant index scores and enamel cracks were also determined. Tukey's test and one-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis (P<0.05).
Results: Mean SBS in the first bonding was 23.59MPa in groups 1 and 2, and 6.9MPa in groups 3 and 4. (P<0.001). The acid-etched teeth had a significantly lower SBS in rebonding, regardless of the reconditioning method (P<0.001). The SBS of the teeth conditioned with Er:YAG laser in the first bonding did not show significant changes in rebonding, although mean SBS was higher compared to the first bonding (P=0.675). Bonding most often failed at the enamel-adhesive interface and enamel cracks were observed in a few teeth.
Conclusion: The method of primary enamel preparation can affect SBS in rebonding. Based on our results, the mean SBS of Er:YAG-conditioned groups was clinically acceptable in bonding and rebonding, although it was lower compared to the acidetched samples.
Dental Practice after COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Italian Guidelines and Current Literature to Propose Appropriate Protocols for Dental Practices
Authors: Careddu Roberto , Creavin Greg , Plotino Gianluca
Published: May 2021

On March 11th, 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic. This disease is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus that can be spread by symptomatic or asymptomatic carriers through contact, droplets and airborne transmission. Because of the transmission routes of this virus, dental treatments are considered “high risk” procedures, both for patients and operators. Italy was one of the most affected European countries and experienced a long lockdown period. Guidelines were provided by the Italian Health Ministry for a safe reopening of dental practices. In this article those guidelines are reported and compared with the available literature. The Italian model for reopening dental practice appears to be coherent with the indications provided by WHO and is supported by several studies.
Basic Criteria, Models, and Indicators of Intersectoral Collaboration in Health Promotion: A Scoping Review
Authors: Amir Esmaili Mohammad Reza , Damari Behzad , Hajebi Ahmad , Rafiee Noora , Goudarzi Reza , Haghshenas Abbas
Published: May 2021

Background: In this study, the basic criteria, models, and indicators of intersectoral collaboration in health promotion were investigated to facilitate the implementation of collaboration.
Methods: This scoping review was conducted using datasets of Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, and search engines of Google, Google Scholar, and ProQuest.
Results: 52 studies were included, and 32 codes in Micro, Meso, and Macro level, were obtained. Micro-level criteria had the highest frequency. Among the models used in the reviewed studies, social network analysis, Diagnosis of Sustainable Collaboration, Bergen, and logic models had the highest frequency. Among the indicators studied, the number of participants and the level of collaboration as well as its sustainability were the most frequent indicators.
Conclusion: The findings identified the most important and widely used criteria, models, and indicators of intersectoral collaboration in health promotion which can be useful for decision-makers and planners in the domain of health promotion, in designing, implementing, and evaluating collaborative programs.
Prevalence of Group B Streptococcus in Vagina and Rectum of Pregnant Women of Islamic & Non-Islamic Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abbasalizadeh Fatemeh , Pourasghary Sajjad , Shirizadeh Maryam , Mousavi Sanaz , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Hoseinifard Hossein , Salehnia Fatemeh , Nikniaz Leila
Published: May 2021

Background: Group B streptococcus or streptococcus Agalactia is a gram positive beta hemolytic bacteria which is the main factor in neonatal infections. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of GBS in world and clarifying the rate of this infection in Islamic and non-Islamic countries.
Methods: We performed a systematic search by using different databases including Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, Psycho-Info ProQuest and Web of Science published up to Feb 2019. We undertook meta-analysis to obtain the pooled estimate of prevalence of GBS colonization in Islamic and non-Islamic countries.
Results: Among 3324 papers searched, we identified 245 full texts of prevalence of GBS in pregnancy; 131 were included in final analysis. The estimated mean prevalence of maternal GBS colonization was 15.5% (CI:95% (14.2-17)) worldwide; which was 14% (CI:95% (11-16.8)) in Islamic and 16.3% (CI:95% (14.6-18.1)) in nonIslamic countries and was statistically significant. Moreover, with regards to sampling area, prevalence of GBS colonization was 11.1 in vagina and 18.1 in vagina-rectum.
Conclusion: Frequent washing of perineum based on religious instructions in Islamic countries can diminish the rate of GBS colonization in pregnant women.
Analyzing the Impact of Green Roof Functions on the Citizens' Mental Health in Metropolitan Cities
Authors: Rezaei Mehdi , Emmanuel Nyirumuringa , Kim Juyeon , Kim Doo Hwan
Published: May 2021

Background: The fast-growing trend of urbanizations and the dwellers' stressful lifestyle in megacities has led to several drawbacks from the mental health perspective. Provided that there is a significant association between the green environment and mental health, we investigated different functions of a green roof from two perspectives of well-being and environment.
Methods: After investigating on different functions of the green roof and classifying them into two sections, a self questionnaire survey was conducted in May 2020 on 100 citizens of the Seoul metropolitan area after, South Korea visiting the green roof. They were asked to clarify their perception of the different functions of green roof gardens. The statistical analysis was performed to show the differences in perception and how each variable can contribute to such differences.
Results: The results illustrated a high satisfaction rate among the visitors of green roofs. The perception of the well-being functions was higher than those of environmental functions. However, age group can alter the perception significantly, as the senior citizens significantly perceived the well-being functions. In contrast, the awareness of the environmental functions was higher among the younger participants.
Conclusion: Providing practical information about the ideal functions of green roofs, this study offered helpful insight for the planners who focus on society’s general health and work in two different sections: developing the city landscape and mental health improvement.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates TGF-β1-Induced EMT by Increasing HGF Expression in HK-2 Cells
Authors: Wei Jun-Jun , Tang Li , Chen Liang-Liang , Xie Zhen-Hua , Ren Yu , Qi Hong-Gang , Lou JiangYong , Weng Guo-Bin , Zhang Shu-Wei
Published: May 2021

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently shown promise for the treatment of various types of chronic kidney disease models. However, the mechanism of this effect is still not well understood. Our study is aimed to investigate the effect of MSCs on transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) and the underlying mechanism related to the reciprocal balance between hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and TGF-β1.
Methods: Our study was performed at Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China between Mar 2017 and Jun 2018. HK-2 cells were initially treated with TGF-β1，then co-cultured with MSCs. The induced EMT was assessed by cellular morphology and the expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and EMT-related proteins. MTS assay and flow cytometry were employed to detect the effect of TGF-β1 and MSCs on HK-2 cell proliferation and apoptosis. SiRNA against hepatocyte growth factor (siHGF) was transfected to decrease the expression of HGF to identify the role of HGF in MSCs inhibiting HK-2 cells EMT.
Results: Overexpressing TGF-β1 decreased HGF expression, induced EMT, suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis in HK-2 cells; but when co-cultured with MSCs all the outcomes were reversed. However, after treated with siHGF, all the benefits taken from MSCs vanished.
Conclusion: TGF-β1 was a motivating factor of kidney cell EMT and it suppressed the HGF expression. However, MSCs provided protection against EMT by increasing HGF level and decreasing TGF-β1 level. Our results also demonstrated HGF is one of the critical factor in MSCs anti- fibrosis.
The Role of Serum miR-497 on the Predictive Index of Early Diagnosis and Poor Prognosis of Atherosclerosis Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Cao Zhiyong , Wang Han , Zhu Xiangyang
Published: May 2021

Background: Serum miR-497 can be used as a predictive index of the early diagnosis and poor prognosis of atherosclerosis cerebral infarction (ATCI).
Methods: Overall, 135 ATCI patients, treated in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P.R.China from Apr 2012 to Jan 2015, were included in ATCI group. Whereas, 77 patients with non-atherosclerosis cerebral infarction were put in the control group. RT-qPCR was performed for detecting serum miR-497 expression, whose relationship with the patients’ clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate values of serum miR-497 for diagnosing ATCI patients and their 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates (OSRs). Cox regression analysis was conducted on prognostic factors of ATCI patients.
Results: miR-497 remarkably rose in the serum of ATCI patients, and was correlated with histories of hypertension, smoking and diabetes mellitus (DM). Its areas under curves (AUCs) for diagnosing these pathological parameters were 0.803, 0.817 and 0.819, respectively. Its expression was higher in the serum of the patients with recurrence and poor prognoses. Its AUCs for predicting the two conditions were 0.924 and 0.937, respectively. The 3- and 5-year OSRs of patients with low expression were remarkably higher than those of patients with high expression.
Conclusion: miR-497 and histories of hypertension, smoking and DM were independent prognostic factors affecting the 3-year OSR of ATCI patients. miR-497 expression rises in ATCI patients, so this miR is expected to become a serum diagnostic marker for ATCI.
Effects of New Media Use on Health Behaviors: A Case Study in China
Authors: Tang Lifang , Wang Jie
Published: May 2021

Background: Mass communication is one of the most important ways in health communication. The emergence of new media has changed the way people acquire health information and then their health behaviors. However, few studies have been conducted about complicated relations between media use and health behaviors under new media conditions and further systematic explanation is needed.
Methods: A hypothesis model for the influence of WeChat use on health behaviors was constructed to explore the internal influencing mechanism of new media use on health behaviors. An empirical analysis on the internal influencing mechanism of WeChat use on health behaviors was carried out with a survey data consist of 463 young active users on famous online social network sites in China from March to June 2019.
Results: New media use represented by WeChat has significant positive influence on health behaviors. Individuals who frequently use new media related to health have better health conditions than those who rarely use them. The improvement of health behaviors is mainly attributed to acquisition of health knowledge. Such effect is also mediated by the degree of individuals’ trust in health knowledge.
Conclusion: This study not only discloses the influencing mechanism of new media use and health knowledge on health behaviors, but also confirms the value of new media in promoting public health communication and public health behaviors. Conclusions provide significant references in decision-making to develop effective guidance of public health.
Performance of Charlson and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index to Predict in-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Stroke in Sumadija and Western Serbia
Authors: Bajic Biljana , Galic Igor , Mihailovic Natasa , Ristic Svetlana , Radevic Svetlana , Cupic Violeta Iric , Kocic Sanja , Arnaut Aleksandra
Published: May 2021

Background: Comorbidities are major predictors of in-hospital mortality in stroke patients. The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and the Elikhauser comorbidity index (ECI) are scoring systems for classifying comorbidities. We aimed to compare the performance of the CCI and ECI to predict in-hospital mortality in stroke patients.
Methods: We included patients hospitalized for stroke in the Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Serbia for the last 7 years. Hospitalizations caused by stroke, were identified by the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) codes I60.0 - I69.9. All patients were divided into two cohorts: Alive cohort (n=3297) and Mortality cohort (n=978).
Results: There were significant associations between higher CCIS and increased risk of in-hospital mortality (HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01–1.12) and between higher ECIS and increased risk of in-hospital mortality (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.99–1.09). Almost 2/3 patients (66.9%) had comorbidities included in the CCI score and 1/3 patients (30.2%) had comorbidities included in the ECI score. The statistically significant higher CCI score (t = -3.88, df = 1017.96, P <0.01) and ECI score (t = -6.7, df = 1447.32, P <0.01) was in the mortality cohort. Area Under the Curve for ECI score was 0.606 and for CCI score was 0.549.
Conclusion: Both, the CCI and the ECI can be used as scoring systems for classifying comorbidities in the administrative databases, but the model’s ECI Score had a better discriminative performance of in-hospital mortality in the stroke patients than the CCI Score model.
The Impact of Umbilical Cord Clamping Time on the Infant Anemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Güner Sevil , Saydam Birsen Karaca
Published: May 2021

Background: Anemia during infancy causes irreversible physical, cognitive, motor, and behavioral development disorders. This study aimed to determine the effect of delaying umbilical cord clamping time on certain parameters regarding anemia during the infancy.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at a university hospital in west of Turkey (Dec 2017- Dec 2018). Overall, 110 participants were evaluated for the research, 65 participants were randomized after excluding those who did not meet the inclusion criteria (intervention=32, control=33). Randomly assigned to delayed clamping (1 min after delivery) or early clamping (in 15 sec after delivery), and followed up until 4 months postpartum. 48th-hour hematocrit, bilirubin values, need for phototherapy and hematocrit, hemoglobin values, diagnosis of anemia at the postnatal fourth month were compared between two groups. The data showing normal distribution were assessed using the parametric tests. The level of statistical significance was determined as P<0.05.
Results: The 48th-hour hematocrit and bilirubin levels of the intervention group were significantly higher than the control (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). No significant difference regarding the need for phototherapy due to postnatal hyperbilirubinemia was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Means of the intervention group hematocrit and hemoglobin levels measured during anemia screening performed at the fourth month were found to be higher than those of the infants in the control group (P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively).
Conclusion: Delaying umbilical cord clamping had a positive impact on the haematological parameters of infants. Clamping the cord at least one minute in birth can be performed to prevent the iron deficit anemia that could be seen during the first years of infants’ lives.
Association between Presence of RmpA, MrkA and MrkD Genes and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Hospitals in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Bakhtiari Ronak , Javadi Ali , Aminzadeh Malihe , Molaee-Aghaee Ebrahim , Shaffaghat Zahra
Published: May 2021

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infection in human. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of genes involved in biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae isolated from patients and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes.
Methods: Biochemical tests were used for the identification of K. pneumonia isolated from urine samples referred to hospitals in Tehran, Iran, from Sep 2018 to Jan 2020. The antibiotic resistance pattern was performed and biofilm formation was assessed phenotypically. Finally, β-lactamase genes and adhesion genes were detected by the PCR method.
Results: We collected 457 K. pneumoniae isolates from hospitals in Tehran, Iran. 110 isolates were resistant to imipenem. Fifty isolates were positive for metallo-β-lactamases that thirty-nine isolates (35.45%) has blaKPC gene, 18 isolates (16.36%) had blaVIM-1 gene and 9 isolates (8.18%) had blaIMP-1 gene detected by PCR. Sixty isolates (54.54%) had strong biofilm, 35 isolates (31.81%) had moderate biofilm and 15 isolates (13.63%) had weak biofilm. The presence of adhesion genes in K. pneumoniae isolates significantly correlated with resistance genes (P<0.001).
Conclusion: It is clear antibacterial resistance has been significant association with biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae isolates. Therefore, understanding resistance pattern and mechanisms leading to biofilm formation can facilitate efficient treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae.
Estimating the Lifetime and Age-Conditional Risk of an HIV Diagnosis in Iran, 2011-2015
Authors: Nasirian Maryam , Mahboobi Marzieh , Maracy Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2021

Background: According to the importance of infectious diseases, especially HIV, the purpose of this study was to estimate lifetime and age-conditional risks of HIV diagnosis in Iran.
Methods: We used vital statistics, HIV surveillance and census data for 2011-2015 to calculate Age-specific HIV diagnosis and non-HIV death rates. These rates then converted to the probability of an HIV diagnosis considering the competing risk. Finally, the probabilities were applied to a hypothetical cohort of 10 million live births. The lifetime and age-conditional risk of HIV diagnosis in the total and general population of Iran were calculated by Dev Can software (version 6.7.4).
Results: Lifetime risk was 0.084% (95% CI: 0.081-0.088) or one in 1183 for females and 0.21% (95% CI: 0.201- 0.211) or one in 483 for males in the total population. In the general population lifetime risk for men was 0.069% (95% CI: 0.066-0.072) or 1 in 1454 men and 0.066% (95%CI: 0.063-0.069) or one in 1523 for women. In the total and general population, the 10-yr age-conditional risk of HIV diagnosis showed that the highest risk of an HIV diagnosis is related to 30-yr -olds.
Conclusion: The estimated risks differed based on gender, age, and type of population. Paying close attention to these differences is critical for infection control planning and policies.
The Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Intestinal Protozoan Parasites in Iranian Children with Hypereosinophilia
Authors: Mahmoudvand Hossein , Sepahvand Maryam , Nasiri Bahram , Khatami Mehrdad , Badparva Ebrahim
Published: May 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Efficacy of PCR Analysis of Mip, Doth and Gspd Genes with Culture in Detection of Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Bagheri Hamid , Khaledi Azad , Ghanizadeh Ghader , Esmaeili Davoud
Published: May 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Is a Modified Package of Exercise Training Useful on Low Back Pain in Nursing?
Authors: Hosseini Lida , Ashghali Farahani Mansoureh
Published: May 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Isolation of Fungi from Maize Samples Collected from Selected Counties in Kenya
Authors: Okioma Mwancha S.N. , Muthamia Japhet Mburugu , Wagara Isabel Nyokabi , Gathuru Eliud Mugu , Waithaka Paul Njenga , Githaiga Benson Muriuki
Published: May 2021

Background: Maize is the stable food in Kenya. However, its production has been jeopardized by the high prevalence of fungi in most developing countries and the whole world at large. Some fungi produce mycotoxins which threaten human lives. Methods: This study aimed at isolating fungi from selected Counties in Kenya. Maize samples were ground using a kitchen blender and cultured on Potato Dextrose agar at 28°C for 7d. The fungal isolates were identified using morphological and cultural characteristics. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 software. Result: The mean fungal isolates varied from 10.8±0.2 CFU/g in Wallenia spp. to 47.4±0.2CFU/g in Aspergillus Spp. The most common fungal isolates were Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. and Penicilium spp. The Mean fungal isolates from the selected Counties varied from Kitui (9.6±0.2 CFU/g), Machakos (9.7±0.3CFU/g), Bungoma (25±0.1CFU/g), Migori (25.3±0.3CFU/g), Kericho (25.3±0.2CFU/g), Kisumu (27.1±0.1CFU/g), Meru (27.1±0.2CFU/g), Kisii (28.5±0.1CFU/g) and Trans-Nzoia (30.1±0.3CFU/g). The number of spores in maize samples from baskets varied from 13.6±0.2-19.6±0.2, polypropylene (24.0±0.2-24.0±0.2), Jute (13.6±0.2-21.6±0.2) and polythene bag (48.0±0.2-72.0±0.2) CFU/g. Conclusion: This study established that maize in the selected Counties is highly contaminated by pathogenic fungi. The most prevalent fungal spp. were Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. The best maize storage material for maize were baskets. There is need of identifying the most prevalent fungi up to the molecular level.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Heterobothrium indicus n. sp. (Monogenea: Diclidophoridae) and Its Phylogenetic Status
Authors: Verma A.K.
Published: May 2021

Background: A new species Heterobothrium indicus n. sp. was isolated from the gills of Upeneus moluccensis (Bleeker, 1855) from the Western Coast of India in Arabian Sea region. The monogenean parasite differs from other congeners by morphological features like the presence of asymmetrical haptoral region, 4th pair of clamp smallest than other three pairs of clamps, genital atrium with 8 hooks, number of testes 29-37 and absence of isthmus. Methods: During the survey of marine fishes at Arabian Sea region, new species of monogenean parasite was isolated from the gills of marine fish Upeneus moluccensis. The parasites were morphologically characterized with the help of light and phase contrast microscopy. 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, mt COI, ITS1+5.8S and ITS2+5.8S gene regions of parasites were amplified, sequenced and compared with other diclidophorid taxa using different bioinformatics tools. Result: Phylogenetic tree analyses (NJ, ME and MP methods) of 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and mt COI gene regions are complementing the morphological studies and clearly suggested the placement of this new species under subfamily Choricotylinae, family Diclidophoridae.
PENENTUAN KEDALAMAN LAPISAN BEDROCK DI KAWASAN REKLAMASI KOTA MAKASSAR DENGAN METODE GEOLISTRIK RESISTIVITAS KONFIGURASI WENNER-SCHLUMBERGER
Authors: Syamsuddin Syamsuddin , Haryani Titien , Riyadi Riyadi , Ramli Marniati , Aswad Sabrianto
Published: May 2021

Lapisan tanah suatu daerah tergantung dari kondisi lapisan geoloogi dan iklim. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan kondisi struktur lapisan tanah di daerah reklamasi kota Makassar beraneka ragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi batuan dasar (bedrock) berdasarkan nilai resistivitas batuan di kawasan reklamasi Kota Makassar. Metode yang digunakan dalam akuisisi data adalah metode geolistrik resistivitas konfigurasi Wenner-Schlumberger sebanyak dua lintasan. Panjang lintasan yaitu 300 meter dengan jarak antar elektroda 5 meter. Data pengukuran yang menggunakan software RES2DINV sehingga menghasilkan penampang 2D data resistivitas batuan serta Pseudo 3D untuk menghasilkan penampang 3D. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan lapisan Bedrock berada pada kedalaman antara 35 m – 52,4 m dengan nilai resistivitas pada lintasan 1 sekitar (16,5 Ωm – 42,4 Ωm) dan nilai resistivitas pada lintasan 2 sekitar (35 Ωm – 110 Ωm). Dari hasil penampang resistivitas diduga terdapat tiga lapisan. Lapisan pertama berupa sedimen reklamasi pada kedalaman bervariasi 1,25-12,9 meter, lapisan kedua didominasi oleh pasir sampai silty sand (pasir berlanau) pada kedalaman bervariasi 20,5-32,6 meter, serta lapisan ketiga dengan kedalaman 32,6-52,4 meter diinterpretasikan sebagai lapisan Bedrock berupa batugamping koral dengan rentang nilai resistivitas (12,3 Ωm – 110 Ωm).
ANALISIS PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI CO2 DAN BRINE PADA KECEPATAN SEISMIK MENGGUNAKAN PERSAMAAN GASSMANN BERBASIS MATLAB
Authors: Rochmah Khusnul Nur , Lestari Sekar Fajar , Pinandhita Aussie Anindya Nari , Aditama Ferdian Yoga , Hilmy Nadhil Abyan , Utama Widya
Published: May 2021

Persamaan Gassmann merupakan hubungan yang digunakan untuk menghitung perubahan kecepatan seismik karena perbedaan saturasi fluida di reservoir. Persamaan Gassmann diterapkan untuk mengevaluasi perubahan kecepatan gelombang seismik (gelombang P dan S). Paper ini bertujuan untuk membahas aplikasi Persamaan Gassmann untuk menganalisis kecepatan seismik menggunakan well data dari wilayah Lapangan Tapti yang terletak di utara-barat laut (NNW) Mumbai dengan variabel perubahan saturasi CO2 dan brine dari 0% sampai 100%. Beberapa diskusi dibutuhkan mengenai asumsi yang terjadi selama substitusi fluida, yakni yakni modulus geser tetap konstan selama proses substitusi fluida, dan jenis fluida yang disubstitusi memengaruhi nilai modulus Bulk (Ksat). Analisis dilakukan menggunakan program MATLAB kemudian dilakukan visualisasi grafik menggunakan Microsoft Excel. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan gelombang P (Vp) terhadap saturasi CO2 berkurang dari 0% sampai 30% kemudian bertambah sampai tersaturasi 100%, sementara terhadap saturasi brine berkurang dari 0% sampai 50% kemudian bertambah sampai tersaturasi 100%. Penurunan kecepatan gelombang P (Vp) dikarenakan penambahan saturasi fluida akan menyebabkan Modulus Bulk (Ksat) berkurang. Kecepatan gelombang S (Vs) bertambah seiring substitusi CO2 dan brine. Penambahan kecepatan Vs karena saturasi CO2 lebih signifikan daripada saturasi brine. Penurunan kecepatan gelombang S (Vs) dikarenakan nilai Bulk density berkurang seiring penambahan saturasi fluida, dan nilai modulus gesernya tetap konstan. Nilai densitas berkurang seiring substitusi CO2 dan brine, pengurangan nilai densitas karena saturasi CO2 lebih signifikan daripada saturasi brine. Nilai densitas berkurang dikarenakan volume terisi oleh fluida.
PEMETAAN DAERAH RAWAN LONGSOR MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENCITRAAN SATELIT DI KABUPATEN ENREKANG SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Paisa Paisa , L Muh Said , Wahyuni Ayusari
Published: May 2021

Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk pembuatan peta zona rawan longsor di Kabupaten Enrekang. Daerah yang dianggap rawan terhadap longsor dapat dianalisis dan diinterpretasi dengan menggunakan data raster berupa citra pengindraan jauh satelit dan SIG (Sistem Informasi Geografis). Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa data seperti curah hujan, geologi, jenis tanah, penggunan lahan, geomorfologi vegetasi serta kemiringan lereng. Hasil yang diperoleh dari analisis data tersebut berupa peta rawan longsor di Kabupaten Enrekang Sulawesi Selatan yang diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga kelas yaitu kelas tidak rawan, kelas rawan dan kelas sangat rawan. Tingkat tertinggi adalah rawan sebesar 56,19% atau sekitar 101.364,81 Ha yang meliputi Kecamatan Butu Batu, Maiwa, Kulo, Pancariajang, Pituriawa, Bungi, Baraka, Aggaraja, Alla, Masselle, Curio, dan sebagian kecil daerah di Kecamatan Enrekang serta Candana.
PENDUGAAN KETEBALAN LAPISAN GAMBUT DI SEKITAR JALAN REFORMASI KOTA PONTIANAK MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEOLISTRIK TAHANAN JENIS
Authors: Fajania Rizki , Arman Yudha , Muhardi Muhardi
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ketebalan lapisan gambut di sekitar Jalan Reformasi Kota Pontianak berdasarkan sebaran nilai tahanan jenis bawah permukaan. Pengukuran menggunakan metode geolistrik tahanan jenis dengan konfigurasi Wenner-Schlumberger. Penelitian ini mengaplikasikan empat lintasan dengan panjang masing-masing 115 m dan spasi antar elektroda sejauh 5 m. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai tahanan jenis yang diperoleh yaitu 0,73 – 1.218 Ωm hingga kedalaman 6 - 12,5 m. Lapisan bawah permukaan di lokasi penelitian diinterpretasi sebagai gambut, lempung, dan tanah liat berpasir. Lapisan gambut diperkirakan memiliki rentang nilai tahanan jenis sebesar 18,8 – 126 Ωm dan merupakan lapisan paling atas yang diduga mempunyai ketebalan sebesar 3 - 15 m.
GEOLOGI DAN MEKANISME STRUKTUR GEOLOGI DI DESA PERJIWA KECAMATAN TENGGARONG SEBERANG KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Putri Resty Intan , Rahmawati Diana , Rindawati Puspa Indah
Published: May 2021

Daerah penelitian terletak di Desa Perjiwa, Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanengara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi geologi meliputi kondisi geomorfologi, struktur geologi, stratigrafi dan mekanisme struktur geologi dari daerah penelitian. Metode pengambilan data difokuskan pada pengambilan data – data geologi permukaan, yang terdiri atas studi literatur, akuisisi data, analisa data. Geomorfologi daerah penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) bentuk asal yakni, bentuk asal struktural, dan bentuk asal fluvial. Bentuk asal struktural dengan bentuk lahan perbukitan tersayat, dan bentuk asal fluvial bentuk lahan dataran alluvial. Di daerah penelitian terdapat 3 satuan batuan yaitu satuan batuan batulempung Perjiwa, satuan batuan batupasir Bukit Raya dan endapan alluvial. Struktur geologi yang berkembang pada daerah penelitian adalah antiklin Perjiwa, sinklin Perjiwa, antiklin Separi, sinklin Bukit Raya, sesar naik Bukit Raya, sesar naik Tanjung Batu, sesar mendatar Tanjung, sesar naik KM 5. Mekanisme struktur geologi pertama adalah terbentuknya lipatan pada daerah penelitian. Semakin lama gaya yang bekerja semakin kuat sehingga batuan melewati batas elastisitasnya sehingga terbentuk sesar naik pada daerah penelitian, gaya semakin meningkat sehingga terbentuk sesar mendatar.
KARAKTERISTIK TANAH TEMPAT PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH AKHIR DI KECAMATAN KOTA BANGUN KUTAI KARTANEGARA
Authors: Harimei Bambang , Massinai Muhammad Altin , Arif Samsu
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini mengenai karakteristik tanah pada areal perencanaan pengolahan sampah. Metode yang digunakan adalah SPT, CPT dan uji laboratorium. Hasilnya adalah sebagai berikut: ke-empat titik CPT mempunyai nilai Cone Resistance Conus dari kedalaman 1 meter antara 19,78 -23,73 kg/cm2 dan pada kedalaman 4 meter bernilai 201,75 – 205,68 kg/cm2. Sedangkan nilai SPT pada kedalaman 1 meter antara 2 – 18 Blows/feet dan pada kedalaman 4 meter nilai N antara 29 – 45 Blows/feet. Uji laboratorium menunjukkan sifat tanah lunak tanah tersebut berwarna, dan batas Atterberg (LL dan PL) makin membesar.
RELOKASI GEMPA BUMI SWARM DI PESAWARAN-LAMPUNG, JANUARI 2021
Authors: Nurfitriana Izaina , Wibowo Adhi , Rudianto Rudianto
Published: May 2021

Pesawaran, Lampung telah diguncang rentetan gempa bumi magnitudo rendah pada bulan Januari 2021. Gempa bumi tersebut tidak disertai dengan gempa utama dengan magnitudo besar sehingga dapat disebut dengan gempa swarm. Relokasi hiposenter telah dilakukan dengan mengunakan data dari jaringan stasiun BMKG untuk mengetahui sumber dari gempa swarm tersebut. Metode double-difference digunakan dan didapatkan hasil relokasi 19 dari 22 gempa swarm yang terjadi. Distribusi kedalaman hiposenter berkisar pada kedalaman 1,5-4,5 km sehingga dapat disebut dengan gempa kerak dangkal. Berdasarkan sayatan melintang terhadap kedalaman teramati bahwa sebaran gempa memiliki kemiringan ke arah Timur Laut. Lokasi gempa yang presisi juga menunjukan bahwa adanya deliniasi dan tepat berada di atas terduga Sesar Menanga. Berdasarkan analisis hasil relokasi hiposenter dapat disimpulkan bahwa gempa swarm Pesawaran disebabkan oleh aktivitas Sesar Menanga.
ANALISIS MODEL PENANGANAN GARIS PANTAI DI PANTAI UJUNG PANDARAN KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN TIMUR
Authors: Sakka Sakka , Baharuddin Baharuddin
Published: May 2021

Wilayah Pantai Ujung Pandaran Kecamatan Teluk Sampit Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat telah mengalami abrasi pantai sebesar 3,262 Ha selama tahun 2014 – 2017. Hal tersebut dapat diantisipasi dengan penanganan baik secara struktur lunak maupun keras. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui model penanganan abrasi Pantai Ujung Pandaran. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa penanganan pantai yang terabrasi dapat dilakukan dengan struktur keras melalui sabuk pantai dan revetment. Sabuk pantai dibangun berada pada kedalaman 0,9 – 1,5 meter MSL dengan lebar celah sejauh 10 – 20 meter, sedangkan revetment di bangun pada celah antara sabuk pantai. Bentuk bangunan tersebut dapat mengurangi abrasi pantai dan akan terbentuk cuspate di belakang bangunan pantai.
Agresif Mizahın İntikam Niyetine Etkisinde Babacan Liderliğin Rolü
Authors: ÇİÇEK Berat
Published: May 2021

Hayatımızda önemli bir yere sahip olan mizah, olumlu çağrışımlarının yanı sıra kötü sonuçları da beraberinde getirebilecek güce sahip bir iletişim aracıdır. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada agresif mizahın intikam niyetine olan etkisi ve bu iki değişken arasındaki ilişkide babacan liderliğin aracı rolünün tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda sivil havayolu taşımacılığı sektöründe faaliyette bulunan bir firmanın yer ve uçuş hizmetlerinde görevli 273 çalışan ile nicel bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anket tekniği ile elde edilen veriler, kısmi en küçük kareler (Partial Least Squares - PLS) temelli yapısal eşitlik yaklaşımı benimsenerek analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda çalışanların maruz kaldığı agresif mizahın, intikam niyeti üzerinde pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca babacan liderliğin agresif mizah ile intikam niyeti arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık ettiği belirlenmiştir. Buna göre babacan lidere sahip olan çalışanların maruz kaldıkları agresif mizahın intikam niyetine dönüşme olasılığı azalmaktadır. Yapılan çoklu grup analizi sonuçlarına göre ise yer ve uçuş hizmetlerinde görevli çalışanların tutumlarında farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir.
Child Development Monitoring in Well-baby Clinics in Kenya
Authors: Oyungu Eren , Roose Anna , Ombitsa Ananda Roselyne , Vreeman Rachel C. , McHenry Megan S.
Published: May 2021

Background: Maternal and child health (MCH) clinics represent an integrated approach for providing healthcare to pregnant women and children 0-59 months of age. Although MCH clinics are also charged with monitoring child development, which involves tracking developmental milestones, it is unclear how these services are provided or perceived within the clinic. This study aimed to describe self-reported knowledge, perceptions, and practice of developmental monitoring in selected MCH clinics in western Kenya.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted within six clinics. We administered a descriptive survey to measure caregiver and healthcare staff attitudes towards and awareness of developmental monitoring; we also reviewed MCH booklets to identify services received at the clinic. Data collection occurred over a period of one day at each of the six clinic sites. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: During the study period, 78 caregiver-child pairs presented to the clinics and had their MCH booklets reviewed. The median child age was three months (interquartile range [IQR]: 1-8 months). Most caregivers were aware of weight monitoring and immunization services; however, when asked specifically about developmental monitoring, only 2.6% of caregivers were aware this service was available at the clinics. Nearly 80% of caregivers reported that they would be very interested in developmental monitoring services. Thirty-three MCH healthcare staff were interviewed about services provided and goals of clinical care. Fewer healthcare staff (60.6%) identified their roles in developmental monitoring compared to their roles in growth (90.9%) and nutritional monitoring (84.8%). Developmental milestones had not been recorded in any of the 78 MCH booklets. However, 78.1% of healthcare staff indicated support for developmental screening.
Conclusion and Global Health Implications: While developmental monitoring was valued by healthcare providers, it was not consistently performed at the six clinics in our study. We recommend further work to raise awareness about developmental monitoring and to measure the implications of increased caregiver knowledge and perceptions on developmental monitoring practice.
 
Copyright © 2021 Oyungu, et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
Reinventing the Pregnancy Wheel to Improve Pregnancy Dating and Antenatal Care Visits: A Pilot Randomized Trial in Malawi
Authors: Stokes Mary , Olson Amber , Chan'gombe Mtisunge , Rajab Bakari , Janmey Isabel , Mwalwanda Carolyn , Levison Judy , Pope Rachel
Published: May 2021

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a customized, culturally sensitive pregnancy wheel given to pregnant women to improve gestational age dating accuracy at the time of delivery and to improve antenatal care attendance.
Methods: This was a pilot randomized trial involving pregnant women presenting to a regional hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. The primary outcome was accuracy of gestational age at the time of presentation to the hospital in labor. The secondary outcome was the number of antenatal visits.
Results: At final analysis, 14 subjects were included in the pregnancy wheel (intervention) arm and 11 in the standard care arm. Fifty percent (n=7) of women in the intervention arm were accurately dated at the time of presentation for delivery, compared to only 9% (n=1) in the standard antenatal care arm (p=0.04). There was not a significant difference in the number of antenatal visits between the two study arms. No patients met the World Health Organization’s recommended eight antenatal care visits for prenatal care.
Conclusion and Global Health Implications: The customized pregnancy wheel given to patients could improve gestational age dating accuracy, and as a result, clinical decision making. However, the barriers to greater antenatal care access are more complex and likely require a more complex solution. Significant attrition in this pilot trial limited statistical power, suggesting the need for future larger interventions. Accurate gestational dating requires access to ultrasonography and early antenatal care initiation, both of which are inadequate in Malawi. Although the customized pregnancy wheel did not improve antenatal care attendance, it improved gestational age dating accuracy in a pilot study at a central hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi.
 
Copyright © 2021 Stokes et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
The Concept of Karma in the Philosophy of Hindu Tantrism. Part I
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy of Man, Herzen University, Pakhomov Sergey V.
Published: May 2021

The tantric interpretation of karma is in many ways in line with general Indian be­liefs. Karma is a complex causal mechanism that enslaves souls, which itself, in turn, is based on the activities of these souls. The actions of the soul arise from karmic impulses, which prepare it for a certain experience. Tantra knows the vari­ous classifications of karma (as valuable as neutral) and karmic fruits, as well as bodies into which souls enter under the influence of karma. Karma is “sleeping” and “waking up”. The Supreme God controls karma for his own purposes, provid­ing the souls with their well-deserved living conditions; the unfolding of the world itself correlates with an increase in karmic activity. In Kashmir Śaivism, karma be­comes one of the three main types of enslavement of individuals (kārma-mala) and a direct source of saṃsāra. “Karma is the cause of saṃsāra” (Abhinavagupta). Karma is a part of the universal restrictive mechanism, niyati (Utpaladeva). The distinction between an action that carries karmic consequences (karma) and an ac­tion that doesn’t carry such consequences (kriyā) can also be considered a tantric contribution to the concept of karma. Representatives of the Nātha school under­stand karma as a part of the physical body and distinguish five types of karma.
Risk Philosophy of Education Digitalization: Cognitive Risks and Ways to Create a Secure Communicative Educational Environment
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, Khrapov Sergey A. , Baeva Lyudmila V. ,   Astrakhan State University
Published: May 2021

The instability of modern civilizational development and the growing risks of constructive socio-anthropological dynamics pose new challenges for philosophical knowledge. The article is devoted to the systemic problem of digitalization of education and the understanding of cognitive risks. The research methodology is based on philosophical, psychological, pedagogical and information technology approaches to the process of digitalization of education, determining the nature and forms of manifestations of cognitive risks. The authors rely on numerous foreign and domestic concepts of informatization (digitalization) of education and focus on several types of risks of the cognitive sphere of students: information over-saturation, devaluation of memory capabilities, reduction in the level of critical thinking. The article emphasizes the probabilistic nature of these cognitive risks, defined by a set of scientific, methodological, organizational, methodological, psychological and pedagogical factors and individual personality, psychophysiological characteristics of students who are vulnerable to these risks to different degrees. The result of the study is a proposal on ways to level the cognitive risks of digitalization of education. The authors call for a balanced strategy and the consolidated work of all subjects of the education system in order to achieve the formation of a safe communicative and educational environment.