bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple-Structure Multidimensional Item Response Theory Equating for Multidimensional Tests
Authors: Kim Stella Y. , Lee Won-Chan , Kolen Michael J.
Published: June 2019

A theoretical and conceptual framework for true-score equating using a simple-structure multidimensional item response theory (SS-MIRT) model is developed. A true-score equating method, referred to as the SS-MIRT true-score equating (SMT) procedure, also is developed. SS-MIRT has several advantages over other complex multidimensional item response theory models including improved efficiency in estimation and straightforward interpretability. The performance of the SMT procedure was examined and evaluated through four studies using different data types. In these studies, results from the SMT procedure were compared with results from four other equating methods to assess the relative benefits of SMT compared with the other procedures. In general, SMT showed more accurate equating results compared with the traditional unidimensional IRT (UIRT) equating when the data were multidimensional. More accurate performance of SMT over UIRT true-score equating was consistently observed across the studies, which supports the benefits of a multidimensional approach in equating for multidimensional data. Also, SMT performed similarly to a SS-MIRT observed score method across all studies.
A School-Based Screening Tool for Adolescents With Low Motor Coordination Abilities
Authors: Mahmoud Wala , Delextrat Anne , Esser Patrick , Dawes Helen
Published: June 2019

This study sought to select the most relevant test items from the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOTMP-2) and from a selection of health-related fitness tests for identifying school teenagers with poor motor coordination. The 241 participants in this study (144 boys, 97 girls aged 13–14 years old) were tested on the short form of the BOTMP-2 and on the following additional fitness tests: (a) seated medicine ball test, (b) broad jump, (c) handgrip strength, (d) alternate hand ball wall toss, (e) 10 × 5-meter agility shuttle run, and (f) Chester step test. We performed a factor analysis of participant scores on these various tasks and BOTMP-2 test items to reduce them to the least number of meaningful and useful items. Four factors explained 45% of the data variance: gross motor skills and power (including broad jump, hand ball toss, shuttle run, and sit-ups tests); fine motor skills (including copying star, following the maze and paper folding); core strength and balance (including push-ups, hopping, and balance beam); and general body strength (including medicine ball throw and handgrip). We conclude that an efficient school-based battery of test items to screen 13-14 year old adolescents for fitness and coordination should assess these four factors and might especially rely upon the broad jump, copying a star shape, hopping handgrip strength, aerobic fitness, and wall ball toss.
Neuropsychological Impairment in Children With Class 1 Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Venchiarutti Martina , Vergine Michela , Zilli Tiziana , Sommariva Giulia , Gortan Anna Jolanda , Crescentini Cristiano , Urgesi Cosimo , Fabbro Franco , Cogo Paola
Published: June 2019

Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at increased risk of neuropsychological impairments, but few studies are available on the nonlinguistic neuropsychological abilities of children with CHD. We conducted neuropsychological evaluations using the NEPSY II on a cohort of 17 school-age Italian children with diagnoses of Class 1 CHD, no genetic or chromosomal abnormalities, and normal intelligence scores, and we compared them with 34 matched controls. Children with CHD in this study had undergone at least one cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass support. We found that children with CHD scored significantly lower than their matched controls on memory and learning domain tasks, and they displayed subtle attention/executive dysfunctions and deficits in sensorimotor skills.
What Does It Mean to Be Popular in Spain? Mixed-Method Analysis of Popularity as Perceived by Teenagers and Their Teachers
Authors: Postigo-Zegarra Silvia , Schoeps Konstanze , Montoya-Castilla Inmaculada
Published: June 2019

A great part of the research in adolescent popularity is based on sociometric methods, not always distinguishing between social preference (acceptance or likeability) and perceived popularity (visibility or salience), which has practical and theoretical implications. The aim of this work was to analyze the features that a sample of 406 Spanish adolescents (53.2% girls, M = 16.76 years) and their teachers ( n = 26, 50% women) associated with perceived popularity. The data analysis established three main themes that categorize perceived popularity: behaviors, developmental traits, and other resources, which include both peer-valued and not valued characteristics. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons indicated differences between male and female popularity, mostly from the point of view of the students. Our findings suggest that perceived popularity is consistent with gender stereotypes, and that positive and negative popularity perceptions coexist with a denial of popularity as a real phenomenon.
On the Roles of Stereotype Activation and Application in Diminishing Implicit Bias
Authors: Rivers Andrew M. , Sherman Jeffrey W. , Rees Heather R. , Reichardt Regina , Klauer Karl C.
Published: June 2019

Stereotypes can influence social perception in undesirable ways. However, activated stereotypes are not always applied in judgments. The present research investigated how stereotype activation and application processes impact social judgments as a function of available resources for control over stereotypes. Specifically, we varied the time available to intervene in the stereotyping process and used multinomial modeling to independently estimate stereotype activation and application. As expected, social judgments were less stereotypic when participants had more time to intervene. In terms of mechanisms, stereotype application, and not stereotype activation, corresponded with reductions in stereotypic biases. With increasing time, stereotype application was reduced, reflecting the fact that controlling application is time-dependent. In contrast, stereotype activation increased with increasing time, apparently due to increased engagement with stereotypic material. Stereotype activation was highest when judgments were least stereotypical, and thus, reduced stereotyping may coincide with increased stereotype activation if stereotype application is simultaneously decreased.
Parent–Child Time Together: The Role of Interactive Technology With Adolescent and Young Adult Children
Authors: Vaterlaus J. Mitchell , Beckert Troy E. , Schmitt-Wilson Sarah
Published: June 2019

Presently, there is a lack of consensus about whether interactive technology enhances or restricts the quality and quantity of shared time between parents and their children. The purposes of this exploratory study were to identify parent and adolescent/young adult perceptions of time spent together and to investigate ways in which the use of technology is related to that time. Using a purposive sample, 766 youth (high school and early college) and their parents ( n = 735) responded to questions about their interactive time spent together. Results indicated that parents and their adolescent/young adult children distinguished between parent–child quality and parent–child quantity time. Participant perceptions of both quality and quantity parent–child time were explored in relation to parent–child computer-mediated communication via text messaging, telephone calls, social networking, video chat, and e-mail. The type of interactive technology was related to participant perceptions of parent–child quality time more than the quantity of time.
Creativity, Conviviality, and Civil Society in Neoliberalizing Public Space: Changing Politics and Discourses in Skateboarder Activism From New York City to Los Angeles
Authors: Chiu Chihsin , Giamarino Christopher
Published: June 2019

Neoliberal urbanism often draws critiques because it privatizes public space and excludes specific social groups whose interests are not in line with the development goals of local states and corporations. This article, through an exploration of the politics and discourses of urban skateboarding, suggests that this clear distinction, between entrepreneurialism and community–based place making, may fail to explain transformative changes occurring in public space today. Comparing two grassroots activist campaigns at the Brooklyn Banks in New York City (NYC) and West LA Courthouse in the city of Los Angeles (LA), this article explains the ways in which skateboarders leverage specific neoliberal ideologies to claim their right to these two settings. In both cases, skateboarders save spaces through entrepreneurial urban means that bolster neoliberal values while retaining the tactical nature of their activities. Although both activist movements pursue the common values of authenticity, entrepreneurship, and private funding, they employ different discourses to reclaim public space. The NYC skaters frame a security discourse, which ultimately limits their continual access to the Brooklyn Banks. The LA skate community, on the contrary, constructs a spontaneity discourse, characterized by creativity, conviviality, and civil society, successfully transforming the West LA Courthouse into a legalized skate plaza. Our findings suggest that skateboarding communities and their spatial activism are resilient enough to articulate different rationales and successfully fight to transform public spaces into urban commons. However, we argue that ‘the discourses’ matter significantly in the processes and outcomes of activist mobilizations occurring within neoliberalizing public space.
Language Style Matching in Preschooler–Adult Dyads: Associations with Dyad Familiarity and Children’s Age
Authors: Borelli Jessica L. , Klemfuss J. Zoe , Hollas Kristen
Published: June 2019

Language style matching (LSM) offers promise as an unobtrusive measure of synchrony between members of conversational dyads, but no studies have explored key questions related to LSM in developmental context. We examined LSM in young children’s ( N = 87, Mage = 54.63 months) interactions with caregivers versus experimenters, and evaluated links between LSM and expressive vocabulary. LSM was significantly higher among caregiver–child than experimenter–child dyads and was positively associated with children’s expressive vocabulary.
Debranching-first and proximal arch replacement for an innominate artery aneurysm: a case study
Authors: Lazopoulos George , Kalogerakos Paris - Dimitrios , Pavlopoulos Dionysios , Chaniotaki Foteini , Dermitzaki Despoina , Kokotsakis John
Published: June 2019

The aneurysms of the innominate artery represent a rare form of aneurysmal disease. Management in an early elective basis is recommended due to the risk of stroke and rupture. Treatment options include open surgery, which is the gold standard, and endovascular repair. We describe the debranching-first technique and proximal arch replacement for a huge innominate artery aneurysm and discuss the surgical strategy for cannulation, perfusion and organ protection.
Unconventional ideas conventionally arranged: A study of grant proposals for exceptional research
Authors: Philipps Axel , Weißenborn Leonie
Published: June 2019

Exceptional research involves exceptional, rather than established, approaches, theories, methods and technologies. Nevertheless, to gain funding for such research, scientists are forced to outline unconventional ideas in ways that still relate to recognized concepts and findings, as well as adhering to the conventional requirements of relevant fields of research. Surprisingly, we know very little about the approaches scientists take to overcome these obstacles. In this article, we investigate how applicants use rhetorical moves and argumentative patterns to rationalize their unorthodox ideas and how they rhetorically combine their hypotheses or ideas with those of previous research that used specific methods and recognized technologies. The study concentrates on neuroscience grant proposals in Germany for a funding programme intended to support exceptional research. In addition, we look for the argumentative patterns favoured by members of and reviewers for the organization’s funding programme in order to understand if the successful applications share rhetorical characteristics. An analysis of 52 applications disclosed four different argumentative patterns: (1) solving practical problems, (2) exploring specific phenomena, (3) expanding confirmed knowledge and (4) offering an alternative theory. Only one persuasive strategy explicitly challenges established theories by proposing alternatives. Despite this, the funding programme continued to ask for radical and extraordinary ideas and many scientists continued to present potentially ground-breaking ideas that did not invalidate earlier work.
Congenital Anomalies in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Goldsmith Shona , McIntyre Sarah , Hansen Michele , Badawi Nadia
Published: June 2019

Congenital anomalies are a strong risk factor for cerebral palsy, particularly for children born at term. This systematic review aimed to address gaps in our understanding of the association between congenital anomalies and cerebral palsy. Eight population-based studies (n = 10 081) were identified. Congenital anomalies were reported in 12% to 32% of children with pre/perinatal brain injury and 20% of children with postneonatal brain injury. Variation between studies included study cohort inclusion criteria and the definitions and classification of included anomalies. The most common cerebral anomalies were microcephaly and hydrocephaly, whereas circulatory system anomalies were the most common noncerebral anomalies. The proportion of congenital anomalies was higher in children born at term than preterm. Synthesizing the highest quality data published, this review identified that congenital anomalies are common in cerebral palsy. New collaborative research, addressing sources of variation, is vital to identify pathways to cerebral palsy that include specific congenital anomalies, and explore opportunities for prevention.
Novel dual-redundancy electro-hydrostatic actuator research and controller design
Authors: Li Wending , Shi Guanglin
Published: June 2019

The paper proposes a novel dual-redundancy motor pump for the electro-hydrostatic actuator. Rather than the traditional single motor pump electro-hydrostatic actuator system, the system proposed in this paper can operate in three working modes and automatically adjust its operating condition in accordance with task requirements. The novel dual-redundancy electro-hydrostatic actuator system prototype was developed, and a high-performance control method was proposed and applied to the system, combining proportional–integral–derivative and sliding mode control to study the control strategy and implementation method of double closed loop. In addition, a physical model simulation was conducted on the basis of Amesim for this electro-hydrostatic actuator under several working conditions. Results showed that the dual-redundancy electro-hydrostatic actuator can decrease power loss and demonstrate excellent performance and reliability.
Communication and Group Cognitive Complexity
Authors: Coman Andra Diana , Curșeu Petru Lucian , Fodor Oana Cătălina , Oțoiu Cătălina , Rațiu Lucia , Fleștea Alina Maria , Bria Mara
Published: June 2019

This study explores the effects of group size, group composition, and group argument frequency on group cognitive complexity (GCC). We evaluated a sample of 509 students organized into 106 groups who participated in a group cognitive mapping activity. As hypothesized, we found that group argumentation has an inverted U-shaped association with GCC. Group member familiarity did not moderate this relationship. We also found that task-related arguments mediate the relationships between group size and gender diversity on one hand, and GCC, on the other. Moreover, we found that optimal group-level cognitive benefits were observed in group discussions in which the ratio between task-related and nontask-related group arguments was 3 to 1. The discussion focuses on the practical and theoretical implications of these findings.
Effect of Akin Osteotomy on Hallux Valgus Correction After Scarf Osteotomy With Hallux Valgus Interphalangeus
Authors: Kaufmann Gerhard , Hofer Philipp , Braito Matthias , Bale Reto , Putzer David , Dammerer Dietmar
Published: June 2019

Background:

Recurrence after hallux valgus correction is a relatively frequent occurrence. Little is known about the importance of initial correction on radiologic outcome. The objective of our study was to determine postoperative radiologic parameters correlating with loss of correction after scarf osteotomy and the combined scarf/akin osteotomy, respectively.

Methods:

Loss of correction was evaluated based on a group of 53 feet with isolated scarf osteotomy (S group) and a group of 17 feet with combined scarf and akin osteotomy (SA group) in a retrospective analysis. The intermetatarsal angle (IMA), the hallux valgus angle (HVA), the distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), the proximal to distal phalangeal articular angle (PDPAA), the position of the sesamoids, and joint congruity were measured in weight-bearing radiographs preoperatively and postoperatively throughout a mean follow-up of 44.8 ± 23.6 months.

Results:

Loss of correction was comparable between the S and the SA group ( P > .05). In contrast, we found higher loss of HVA correction in the S subgroup with a preoperative PDPAA above 8 degrees ( P = .011), whereas loss of correction in the S subgroup below 8 degrees of PDPAA was comparable to the SA group. In the S group, loss of correction showed significant correlation with postoperative IMA ( P = .015) and PDPAA ( P = .008), whereas in the SA group a correlation could be detected for IMA only ( P = .045).

Conclusion:

In cases with a PDPAA above 8 degrees, we recommend a combined scarf/akin osteotomy to diminish the potential for loss of correction.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, therapeutic, retrospective comparative series.
Who Governs? How Shifts in Political Power Shape Perceptions of Local Government Services
Authors: Morel Domingo , Nuamah Sally A.
Published: June 2019

What factors influence citizens’ perceptions of local government services? To answer this question, we examine citizens’ perceptions of public education in post-Katrina New Orleans. Following Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans began to transform most of its traditional public schools into charters. Although studies show that test scores have improved since the mass adoption of charters post-Katrina, surveys show that most Black citizens in New Orleans do not perceive that the New Orleans schools have improved post-Katrina. A majority of White residents, however, perceive that the schools are better post-Katrina. Relying on a survey of New Orleans residents, we argue that local shifts in political power by race help explain the racial differences in perceptions of the public schools. The study’s findings suggest that perceptions of the quality of public goods are shaped by perceptions of “who governs?”
Associations Between ADHD Subtype Symptomatology and Social Functioning in Children With ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Comorbid Diagnosis: Utility of Diagnostic Tools in Treatment Considerations
Authors: Ng Rowena , Heinrich Kimberley , Hodges Elise
Published: June 2019

Objective: To assess associations between objective-/caregiver-report measures of attention functioning and social impairment among children with ADHD, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and co-occurring ASD + ADHD. Method: Patients with ADHD ( N = 27), ASD ( N = 23), and ASD + ADHD ( N = 44) completed measures of intellectual functioning (Wechsler tests) and attention functioning (Continuous Performance Test–Second Edition [CPT-II]) as part of a neurocognitive assessment. Caregivers completed the Conners Third Edition to assess day-to-day inattentiveness, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) to assess social functioning. Results: Among patients with ADHD, attention measures contributed to 48% of the variance in total SRS scores, with caregiver-reported hyperactivity/impulsivity as the strongest factor. In contrast, among those with ASD + ADHD, attention measures accounted for 40% of the variance, largely due to inattention problems. No associations between domains were observed among patients with ASD. Conclusion: Differential ADHD symptoms are associated with social impairment among children with ADHD versus ASD + ADHD; whereas, no associations were observed among those with ASD.
Implications for Reward Processing in Differential Responses to Loss: Impacts on Attachment Hierarchy Reorganization
Authors: LeRoy Angie S. , Knee C. Raymond , Derrick Jaye L. , Fagundes Christopher P.
Published: June 2019

When an attachment relationship is severed, so is homeostatic maintenance, leading to dysregulation of multiple physiological systems. Expanding upon Sbarra and Hazan’s original model, we suggest that the degree to which an individual’s physiological systems remain dysregulated depends on the state of one’s attachment hierarchy—namely, whether an individual continues to seek a lost partner for support as their primary attachment figure. To recover from the loss of a romantic partner, an individual’s attachment hierarchy must be reorganized. Our model proposes that an individual will go through a series of physiological changes before their attachment hierarchy is reorganized, which can either help or hinder their recovery. We consider the role of reward processing, including endogenous opioids, in this recovery process. Along the way, we identify mechanisms for continued dysregulation of biological systems among those who take longer to recover from a loss.
Feasibility and acceptability of a mobile messaging program within a church-based healthy living intervention for African Americans and Latinos
Authors: Whitley Margaret D , Payán Denise D , Flórez Karen R , Williams Malcolm V , Wong Eunice C , Branch Cheryl A , Derose Kathryn P
Published: June 2019

Church-based programs can act on multiple levels to improve dietary and physical activity behaviors among African Americans and Latinos. However, the effectiveness of these interventions may be limited due to challenges in reaching all congregants or influencing behavior outside of the church setting. To increase intervention impact, we sent mobile messages (text and email) in English or Spanish to congregants (n = 131) from predominantly African American or Latino churches participating in a multi-level, church-based program. To assess feasibility and acceptability, we collected feedback throughout the 4-month messaging intervention and conducted a process evaluation using the messaging platform. We found that the intervention was feasible to implement and acceptable to a racially ethnically diverse study sample with high obesity and overweight rates. While the process evaluation had some limitations (e.g. low response rate), we conclude that mobile messaging is a promising, feasible addition to church-based programs aiming to improve dietary and physical activity behaviors.
An adaptive sampling procedure for parametric model order reduction by matrix interpolation
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Hongguang , Du Huanyu , Tong Ningke , Meng Guang
Published: June 2019

An adaptive sampling approach for parametric model order reduction by matrix interpolation is developed. This approach is based on an efficient exploration of the candidate parameter sets and identification of the points with maximum errors. An error indicator is defined and used for fast evaluation of the parameter points in the configuration space. Furthermore, the exact error of the model with maximum error indicator is calculated to determine whether the adaptive sampling procedure reaches a desired error tolerance. To improve the accuracy, the orthogonal eigenvectors are utilized as the reduced-order basis. The proposed adaptive sampling procedure is then illustrated by application in the moving coil of electrical-dynamic shaker. It is shown that the new method can sample the parameter space adaptively and efficiently with the assurance of the resulting reduced-order models’ accuracy.
How Relevant Is Grit? The Importance of Social Capital in First-Generation College Students’ Academic Success
Authors: Almeida Daniel J. , Byrne Andrew M. , Smith Rachel M. , Ruiz Saul
Published: June 2019

Traditional definitions of Grit have diminished the role of institutional actors in student success. Social capital theory posits that students derive benefits like institutional resources, information, and support through their social networks to achieve success in higher education. This study employed social network analysis to operationalize dimensions of social capital. Using a sample of first-generation college students (FGCSs; N = 156) at a 4-year private institution, this study explored the relationship between grit and social capital, and how these concepts relate to FGCS success. This study found that Grit and its two components—consistency of interest and perseverance of effort—do not predict FGCS’ grade point average, while access to social capital with faculty and staff does. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Dynamic research and analysis for a wheel-legged harvester chassis during tilting process
Authors: Li Zhilong , Liu Jinhao , Zhibo Sun , Yu Chunzhan
Published: June 2019

This article aims to analyze the dynamic tilting characteristics of a four-wheel-legged harvester chassis. In order to achieve the pose and position of the chassis, kinematic model of a four-wheel-legged harvester chassis was established by the screw theory method. After analyzing the actual motion of the chassis during tilting process, dynamic tilting model of the wheel-legged articulated steering chassis was achieved based on the Lagrange’s equation. To prove the accuracy of the dynamic model, simulations of the chassis was conducted under ADAMS environment. Three series of comparisons showed that results between simulations and calculations were highly consistent. Both results showed that lifting the tilting side wheel-legs, shortening the other side legs, and steering to the tilting side could help prevent tilting of the chassis. Lifting the tilting side wheel-legs was proved to be more efficient than shortening that of the other sides. Average error of the change rates between simulations and calculations were 2.4%, 0.67%, and 2.75%.
A review of entropy measures for uncertainty quantification of stochastic processes
Authors: Namdari Alireza , Li Zhaojun (Steven)
Published: June 2019

Entropy is originally introduced to explain the inclination of intensity of heat, pressure, and density to gradually disappear over time. Based on the concept of entropy, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of an isolated system is likely to increase until it attains its equilibrium state, is developed. More recently, the implication of entropy has been extended beyond the field of thermodynamics, and entropy has been applied in many subjects with probabilistic nature. The concept of entropy is applicable and useful in characterizing the behavior of stochastic processes since it represents the uncertainty, ambiguity, and disorder of the processes without being restricted to the forms of the theoretical probability distributions. In order to measure and quantify the entropy, the existing probability of every event in the stochastic process must be determined. Different entropy measures have been studied and presented including Shannon entropy, Renyi entropy, Tsallis entropy, Sample entropy, Permutation entropy, Approximate entropy, and Transfer entropy. This review surveys the general formulations of the uncertainty quantification based on entropy as well as their various applications. The results of the existing studies show that entropy measures are powerful predictors for stochastic processes with uncertainties. In addition, we examine the stochastic process of lithium-ion battery capacity data and attempt to determine the relation between the changes in battery capacity over different cycles and two entropy measures: Sample entropy and Approximate entropy.
Renal biopsy findings during and after pregnancy
Authors: Conti-Ramsden Frances , Bass Paul , Chappell Lucy C , Bramham Kate
Published: June 2019

Background

Chronic kidney disease is estimated to affect up to 6% of women of reproductive age. Maternity care represents an opportunity for early diagnosis but there is limited understanding of chronic kidney disease aetiology occurring in or revealed by pregnancy.

Methods

A retrospective evaluation of renal biopsies during and after pregnancy between 2000 and 2015 was undertaken. A large academic health centre pathology database was searched for free text pregnancy-related terms, restricted to typology code 71000 (kidney). Indications and findings of postpartum renal biopsies were reviewed.

Results

Sixty-three renal biopsy reports were identified. Of 45 biopsies performed postpartum, 34 (75.6%) investigated persistent postpartum proteinuria. 20/34 (70.6%) of these biopsies yielded a primary renal disease, and 6/34 (17.6%) women had progressed to end stage renal disease at latest follow-up.

Conclusion

Renal biopsy findings of women investigated for persistent postpartum proteinuria revealed a high incidence of histological diagnosis of de novo renal disease.
Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation in patients with right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ran Liyu , Wang Wuwan , Secchi Francesco , Xiang Yajie , Shi Wenhai , Huang Wei
Published: June 2019

Background:

Pulmonary valve replacement is required for patients with right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) dysfunction. Surgical and percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement are the treatment options. Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) provides a less-invasive therapy for patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of PPVI and the optimal time for implantation.

Methods:

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Clinical Trial, and Google Scholar databases covering the period until May 2018. The primary effectiveness endpoint was the mean RVOT gradient; the secondary endpoints were the pulmonary regurgitation fraction, left and right ventricular end-diastolic and systolic volume indexes, and left ventricular ejection fraction. The safety endpoints were the complication rates.

Results:

A total of 20 studies with 1246 participants enrolled were conducted. The RVOT gradient decreased significantly [weighted mean difference (WMD) = −19.63 mmHg; 95% confidence interval (CI): −21.15, −18.11; p < 0.001]. The right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVi) was improved (WMD = −17.59 ml/m²; 95% CI: −20.93, −14.24; p < 0.001), but patients with a preoperative RVEDVi >140 ml/m² did not reach the normal size. Pulmonary regurgitation fraction (PRF) was notably decreased (WMD = −26.27%, 95% CI: −34.29, −18.25; p < 0.001). The procedure success rate was 99% (95% CI: 98–99), with a stent fracture rate of 5% (95% CI: 4–6), the pooled infective endocarditis rate was 2% (95% CI: 1–4), and the incidence of reintervention was 5% (95% CI: 4–6).

Conclusions:

In patients with RVOT dysfunction, PPVI can relieve right ventricular remodeling, improving hemodynamic and clinical outcomes.
Lower oesophageal sphincter identification for gastro‐oesophageal reflux monitoring: The step‐up method revisited with use of basal impedance
Authors: Mauro Aurelio , Franchina Marianna , Consonni Dario , Penagini Roberto
Published: June 2019

Background

Oesophageal manometry is the gold standard for accurate positioning of multichannel intraluminal impedance pH (MII‐pH) monitoring. The pH step‐up method is not as accurate as oesophageal manometry and needs patients to be off proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the impedance step‐up method for lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) localisation.

Methods

A total of 100 patients who underwent 24‐hour MII‐pH monitoring were enrolled. High‐resolution manometry (HRM) was performed before MII‐pH monitoring in order to locate the LOS by a different operator. The impedance step‐up was defined as an increase of ≥50% with respect to gastric baseline. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (ρc) with 95% Bland–Altman limits of agreement (LOA) and Spearman's rho correlation coefficient were used when appropriate.

Results

The median impedance step‐up was on average 0.8 cm caudal to the manometric upper border of the LOS. Agreement between two step‐up impedance performances and inter‐observer agreement were excellent (ρc = 0.98 and 0.95), although the LOA ranges were wide (–2.4 to 4.0 cm). Impedance step‐up performances were similar between patients off and on PPI.

Conclusions

We have described an alternative new method for pH impedance probe positioning using impedance step‐up. Although less accurate than HRM in locating the LOS, it has excellent intra‐ and inter‐observer agreement.
BRAF-V600E–mutated Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease and Langerhans cell histiocytosis with response to BRAF inhibitor
Authors: Mastropolo Rosemarie , Close Allison , Allen Steven W. , McClain Kenneth L. , Maurer Scott , Picarsic Jennifer
Published: June 2019

Key Points

Demonstration of BRAF-V600E in Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease requires sensitive molecular assays and molecular-based tissue immunostain. BRAF-V600E blood testing is important for disease-monitoring BRAF-mutated histiocytosis and can guide inhibitor treatment plans.
Community-Level Sports Group Participation and the Risk of Cognitive Impairment
Authors: TSUJI TAISHI , KANAMORI SATORU , MIYAGUNI YASUHIRO , HANAZATO MASAMICHI , KONDO KATSUNORI
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Community-level group participation is a structural aspect of social capital that may have a contextual influence on individual health. We investigated the contextual effect of community-level prevalence of sports group participation on the risk of cognitive impairment among older individuals.

Methods

We analyzed prospective cohort data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a nationwide survey of 40,308 functionally independent older individuals from 346 communities. Cognitive impairment was assessed by the nationally standardized dementia scale proposed by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. Participation in a sports group 1 d per month or more frequently was defined as “participation.” We applied a two-level multilevel survival analysis to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

The cumulative incidence of cognitive impairment during the 6-yr follow-up period was 9.8%. The mean proportion of sports group participation was 25.2% (range, 0.0%–56.5%). Higher prevalence of community-level sports group participation was associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86–0.99, estimated by 10 percentage points of participation proportion) after adjusting for individual-level sports group participation, sex, age, disease, obesity, social isolation, alcohol, smoking, education, income, depression, daily walking time, population density, and sunlight hours. We found cross-level interaction between individual- and community-level sports group participation (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.76–0.99).

Conclusions

We found a contextual preventive effect of community-level sports group participation on developing cognitive impairment among older individuals. Furthermore, the benefit may favor sports group participants. Therefore, promoting sports groups in a community setting may be effective as a population-based strategy for the prevention of dementia.
Individual Region- and Muscle-specific Hamstring Activity at Different Running Speeds
Authors: HEGYI ANDRÁS , GONÇALVES BASÍLIO A. M. , FINNI TAIJA , CRONIN NEIL J.
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Hamstring strain injuries typically occur in the proximal biceps femoris long head (BFlh) at high running speeds. Strain magnitude seems to be the primary determinant of strain injury, and may be regulated by muscle activation. In running, BFlh strain is largest in the proximal region, especially at high speeds. However, region-specific activity has not been examined. This study examined the proximal–distal and intermuscular activity of BFlh and semitendinosus (ST) as a function of increasing running speed.

Methods

Thirteen participants ran at steady speeds of 4.1 (slow), 5.4 (moderate), and 6.8 m·s−1 (fast) on a treadmill. Region- and muscle-specific EMG activity were recorded at each speed using high-density EMG, and were normalized to maximal voluntary isometric activity. Muscle–tendon unit lengths were calculated from kinematic recordings. Speed effects, regional, and intermuscular differences were tested with Statistical Parametric Mapping.

Results

With increasing running speed, EMG activity increased in all regions of both muscles to a similar extent in the clinically relevant late swing phase. Increases in muscle–tendon unit lengths in late swing as a function of running speed were comparatively small. In fast running, EMG activity was highest in late swing in all regions, and reached 115% ± 20% (proximal region, mean ± 95% confidence limit), 106% ± 11% (middle), and 124% ± 16% (distal) relative to maximal voluntary isometric activity in BFlh. Regional and intermuscular EMG patterns were highly individual, but each individual maintained similar proximal–distal and intermuscular EMG activity patterns across running speeds.

Conclusions

Running is associated with highly individual hamstring activity patterns, but these patterns are similar across speeds. It may thus be crucial to implement running at submaximal speeds early after hamstring injury for restoration of normal neuromuscular function.
High-Intensity Physical Exercise in a Glioblastoma Patient under Multimodal Treatment
Authors: TROSCHEL FABIAN M. , BRANDT RALF , WIEWRODT RAINER , STUMMER WALTER , WIEWRODT DOROTHEE
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) carries a strongly unfavorable prognosis despite intensive multidisciplinary therapy. Physical exercise is rarely offered to patients for fear of adverse events such as falls, epileptic seizures, or bleeding, despite little supporting evidence. Here, we report a study of high-level and long-term exercise in a GBM patient.

Methods

A 33-yr-old male, diagnosed with a large cystic GBM, was included in our institution’s Personal Training Program after initial tumor resection and adjuvant radiochemotherapy. The program was designed to facilitate individual long-term high-intensity exercise. Supervised by a certified personal trainer, it consisted of at least four weekly training sessions and intermittent performance diagnostics. An activity tracker quantified training intensity.

Results

In this setting, the patient exercised at high intensity without adverse events for 87 continuous weeks (21 months). He averaged 43.7 metabolic equivalent of task hours per week (MET·h·wk−1), well above the 75th percentile of healthy males the same age, while undergoing multiple surgeries, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy regimens. The patient completed two marathons averaging less than 5 min·km−1 both times, despite tumor progression. Performance diagnostics indicated a gain of fitness even during continuous GBM treatment. Due to multiple intraventricular lesions and increasing intracranial pressure, training was stopped 6 wk before the patient passed away 2 yr after initial diagnosis.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that high-intensity, long-term physical training regimens are feasible in GBM patients during full multidisciplinary therapy. In this patient, the exercise was pursued without adverse events and led to a gain of fitness despite tumor progression and intensive multiple therapies. We conclude that, in GBM patients, exercise regimens require further study instead of general discouragement.
Basilar Tip Aneurysm in Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Ahmad Saima
Published: June 2019

Takayasu arteritis is a chronic, inflammatory, progressive and idiopathic disease that mainly effects the aorta, its branches and pulmonary artery. It causes narrowing and occlusion of major vessels which manifest as a cerebrovascular insufficiency. Intracranial aneurysms are rarely observed in these patients. We report a case of basilar tip aneurysm with Takayasu arteritis. To our knowledge only 26 cases of Takayasu disease with basilar aneurysm have been reported in the literature. Management of Takayasu disease includes immunosuppression therapy; but coil embolization of co-incidental aneurysm can be hampered by limited and tortuous access routes. Hence, management of these patients requires great care and accurate selection of suitable guiding catheter, microcatheters and microwires. Microsurgery is the treatment of choice in case of intracranial aneurysm due to limited and tortuous access routes, however, coil embolization can be done with great care and accurate selection of suitable guiding catheter, microcatheters and microwires.
Body height as a social signal
Authors: Hermanussen Michael , Scheffler Christiane
Published: June 2019

Body height has a signaling function among social mammals. Humans also perceive physical size as a signal and tend to associate stature and status. Taller men are perceived as more competent and authoritative. Studies in wild Kalahari male meerkats (Suricata suricatta) suggest that dominance itself can be a stimulus for growth allowing for competitive growth and strategic growth adjustments. Assuming that similar mechanisms on the control of growth are also relevant for humans, our understanding of the shortness of many Third World populations has to be revised. Short stature may no longer be exclusively understood as an expression of poverty, chronic malnutrition and poor health but as an expression of persistent feelings of inferiority and patronization in the face of the global spread and dominance of Western life and moral codes.
Sex diff erences in Late Iron Age Northeast Estonia as indicated in dental pathologies and enamel hypoplasia
Authors: Limbo Jana
Published: June 2019

Study of dental pathologies is important in investigating the health and diets of past populations. Dental pathologies of adult peoples show nutritional and hygienic habits in adulthood, but childhood metabolic stresses can be observed in the occurrence of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH). Dental hard tissue pathologies (caries, pre mortem tooth loss, abscesses, calculus, reduction of alveolar bone, molar attrition) and LEH were observed over 15 years in individuals from Jõuga cemetery (11th–16th cc. Northeast Estonia). The aim of the study was to trace sexual differences in diet and subsistence patterns through an analysis of dental pathology.
Individual proficiency of reception by the Estonian men’s national team at the qualification tournament of the European Championship
Authors: Stamm Raini , Stamm Meelis , Tigane Jarek , Tuula Reeda
Published: June 2019

The aim of the study was to analyse players’ individual proficiency at serve reception and its influence on the following attack in the Estonian national team during the qualification for the European Championship in 2016.

The subjects were the players of Estonian national volleyball team during the qualification for the European Championship in 2016. To collect data, video recordings of eight games of the Estonian national team were viewed; the number serve receptions, type and zone of reception and proficiency were registered. In addition, the number of attacks following serve reception, their zone, performer and proficiency were recorded.

The results revealed that success at the reception of serve influences the proficiency of attack. At more successful reception, the proficiency of attack was higher than at poorer reception.

As a result of the study, it was shown that serve reception by the Estonian team was more proficient in sets won than in sets lost. In the case of more successful reception, the Estonian national volleyball team was more proficient at attack than in the case of less proficient reception. When types of reception were compared, the receivers of the Estonian national team were most proficient at reception from above. The receivers of the Estonian national received the serve best in zone 5.
Whitehead and Higher Education: Transformation Through Process
Authors: Chathamparampil Thomas
Published: June 2019

"NO ABSTRACT"
Testing Whitehead's Theory of Learning Empirically: A Report from a Pilot Study
Authors: Riffert Franz , Kriegseisen Josef , Hascher Tina , Hagenauer Gerda
Published: June 2019

"NO ABSTRACT"
The Philosophical Foundation and Practice of the Reform in the Contemporary Curriculum and Instruction
Authors: Heling Zhao , Bangxiu Xie
Published: June 2019

"NO ABSTRACT"
Changes of Thinking Mode in Pedagogical Research Based on Process Philosophy
Authors: Zhang Jing
Published: June 2019

"NO ABSTRACT"
The One Mind Model of Quantum Reality: Whitehead, God, Theories of Mind, Evolution, and Cosmology
Authors: Germine Mark
Published: June 2019

"NO ABSTRACT"
Whitehead and Grof: Resolving the Ontological Ambiguity of Jung's Archetypes Metaphysically and Practically
Authors: Gibson Leonard
Published: June 2019

"NO ABSTRACT"
Elliot Is Brahman the Power of Children as Symbols Tillich, Whitehead, the Gita, and Sacredness
Authors: Mesle C Robert
Published: June 2019

"NO ABSTRACT"
Whitehead and Aurobindo On The Question of Evil: Does the East Contribute Anything New to this Enigma?
Authors: Padiyath Thomas
Published: June 2019

"NO ABSTRACT"
Features of Control, Supervision and Audit of Environmental Safety Measures
Authors: Егорова И. , Egorova I.
Published: June 2019

Th is article is devoted to the features of control, supervision and audit of activities in the fi eld of environmental safety, which has both its own specifi cs and established practice, and a number of problems of both identifi cation and organizational and methodological nature.
Environmental Auditing As a Kind of Business Activity
Authors: Березюк В. , Berezyuk V. , Бек А. , Bek A. , Парасоцкая Н. , Parasotskaya N.
Published: June 2019

Th e article discusses issues related to environmental auditing, which can later have a decisive infl uence on the formation and development of the market for a variety of environmental services in Kazakhstan. Th e creative potential of entrepreneurship is capable of creating fundamentally new opportunities and ways to overcome the environmental crisis in Kazakhstan.
Geopolitical formula of water
Authors: Терновая Людмила , Tyernovaya Lyudmila
Published: June 2019

Water absorbs all the meanings associated with life, connects spaces and times, helps to convey moods and Express desires. The value of water is so great that conflicts raged over it. If humanity does not learn to take care of this resource and distribute it fairly, conflicts are inevitable in the future. The book describes the features of the "water" flow of history, the connection of geopolitical interests of States with the water resources at their disposal, the need to ensure human security in the face of the threat of this element and the waterways of the search for new lands.