bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Admissibility of Polygraph Evidence in English Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Stockdale Michael , Grubin Don
Published: May 2012

The belief that polygraph evidence is inadmissible in English criminal proceedings has as its basis a variety of common law exclusionary evidential rules. In reality, this view is backed up by very little English case law. Further, several of the relevant common law rules have been modified by statute, have become obsolescent or, dependent upon circumstances, may not always exclude polygraph. Moreover, it is necessary to distinguish expert evidence based on the pass-fail results of a polygraph examination (which, if admissible at all, would appear only to be admissible in very limited circumstances) from evidence of statements made by the subject of the polygraph examination (which may be admissible in a wider variety of circumstances).
Diasporic gender and communication
Authors: Marinescu Valentina
Published: May 2012

This article analyses the peculiarities of the relation between three concepts: ‘diaspora’, ‘gender’ and ‘communication’ in the case of women of Romanian ethnic origin living in Canada. Diasporas and diasporic experiences, even in their apparently
more traditionalist variants, should not be dismissed simplistically as backward-looking, as they are almost invariably constituting new transnational spaces of experience that are complexly interfacing with the experiential frameworks that both countries of settlement and purported countries
of origin represent. Diasporas are located in the midst of diverse circulations. Borrowing Appadurai’s notions (1996), it can be argued that ‘diaspora is the intersection point of ethno-scapes, finance-scapes, ideo-scapes, techno-scapes and media-scapes’ (1996). The article
assumes that the interaction between gender, social identity and communication can be a new way of understanding the peculiarities of diaspora in the modern age. The article favours a qualitative research methodology. On the basis of ‘methods’ triangulation’ principle and
for validity reasons, two main methods of data collection will be used: the discourse analysis of the online journals (blogs) written by Romanian women and the semi-structured interviews with a sample of Romanian women from the Canadian diaspora. Communication, either as ‘a bridge to
homeland’, or as ‘a link between the diaspora communities in local, national and transnational levels’ is contributing to the creation of symbolic community spaces in which identities can be reconstructed.
Brand Concepts as Representations of Human Values: Do Cultural Congruity and Compatibility between values Matter?
Authors: Torelli Carlos J. , Özsomer Ayşegül , Carvalho Sergio W. , Keh Hean Tat , Maehle Natalia
Published: May 2012

Global brands are faced with the challenge of conveying concepts that not only are consistent across borders but also resonate with consumers of different cultures. Building on prior research indicating that abstract brand concepts induce more favorable consumer responses than functional attributes, the authors introduce a generalizable and robust structure of abstract brand concepts as representations of human values. Using three empirical studies conducted with respondents from eight countries, they demonstrate that this proposed structure is particularly useful for predicting (1) brand meanings that are compatible (vs. incompatible) with each other and, consequently, more (less) favorably accepted by consumers when added to an already established brand concept; (2) brand concepts that are more likely to resonate with consumers with differing cultural orientations; and (3) consumers’ responses to attempts to imbue an established brand concept with new, (in)compatible abstract meanings as a function of their own cultural orientations.
A General Consumer Preference Model for Experience Products: Application to Internet Recommendation Services
Authors: Chung Jaihak , Rao Vithala R.
Published: May 2012

The authors present a general consumer preference model for experience products that overcomes the limitations of consumer choice models, especially when it is not easy to consider some qualitative attributes of a product or when there are too many attributes relative to the available amount of preference data, by capturing the effects of unobserved product attributes with the residuals of reference consumers for the same product. They decompose the deterministic component of product utility into two parts: that accounted for by observed attributes and that due to nonobserved attributes. The authors estimate the unobserved component by relating it to the corresponding residuals of virtual experts representing homogeneous groups of people who experienced the product earlier and evaluated it. Their methodology involves identifying such virtual experts and determining the relative importance they should be given in the estimation of the target person's residuals. Using Bayesian estimation methods and Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation inference, the authors apply their approach to two types of consumer preference data: (1) online consumer ratings (stated preferences) data for Internet recommendation services and (2) offline consumer viewership (revealed preferences) data for movies. The results empirically show that this new approach outperforms several alternative collaborative filtering and attribute-based preference models with both in- and out-of-sample fits. The model is applicable to both Internet recommendation services and consumer choice studies.
Not So Sweet: Questions Raised by Sixteen Years of the PLRA and AEDPA
Authors: O'Hear Michael M.
Published: May 2012

These Editor's Observations introduce an issue of FSR that is devoted to assessing the legacy of two statutes that were adopted in 1996 in order to stem a rising tide of habeas corpus and prisoner rights lawsuits. These statutes, the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act and the Prison Litigation Reform Act, have provoked much critical commentary, both in this issue of FSR and elsewhere. The present essay focuses in particular on four major themes that run through many of the articles in this issue. Framed as questions, they are: (1) whether the PLRA and AEDPA reflect systemic failures of the democratic process as it relates to prisoner-litigation law; (2) whether the courts have mitigated the inherent problems of the statutes; (3) whether it is time to look beyond the federal courts as the primary safeguard against violations of defendants' and prisoners' rights; and (4) whether the arcane and arbitrary litigation processes engendered by the PLRA and AEDPA should be thought of as punishment in their own right.
Isn't It Ironic? The “Particular Plaintiffs” Provision of the PLRA
Authors: Alexander Elizabeth
Published: May 2012

The “particular plaintiffs” provision of PLRA, 18 U.S.C. § 3626(a)(1), has had little success in restricting prisoners' access to class certification. Nonetheless, prisoners may now be largely unable to pursue class action litigation. In Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes, the Supreme Court last year announced new restrictions on class certification that may make such litigation nearly unavailable in most civil rights cases, including those filed by prisoners. As a further irony, the Supreme Court's decision from the same term in Brown v. Plata demonstrates that the new standards announced in Dukes are unrelated to distinguishing cases in which class certification promotes judicial efficiency and fairness. This sequence of events underlines the importance of the federal courts' hostility to civil rights in exacerbating the effects of PLRA on prisoners' rights, and the Supreme Court's expression of that hostility through procedural decisions.
Prison Litigation Reform Acts
Authors: Herman Susan N.
Published: May 2012

Whether the Prison Litigation Reform Act was well aimed or effective is a challenging question. Advertised as stemming a flood of trivial prisoners' lawsuits in the federal courts, the PLRA erected obstacles to serious as well as frivolous complaints – like claims of racial discrimination or sexual abuse by prison staff that leaves no physical injury. And much of the time saved by dismissing cases is spent interpreting the PLRA's perplexing procedural rules. More and more often, courts are leaving prisoners (and pretrial detainees) to the vagaries of cash-starved prison systems. The author brings her years as a prisoners' rights litigator and Pro Se Law Clerk to bear on the issue of whether, in these days of economic recession and mass incarceration, it is prison rather than prison litigation that is truly in need of reform.
Exhausted
Authors: Shay Giovanna
Published: May 2012

The Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA) contains an administrative exhaustion provision that was interpreted by the Supreme Court in Woodford v. Ngo in 2006 to impose a procedural default component. This piece argues that we should take seriously Justice Breyer's Woodford concurrence, in which he noted that administrative law doctrine contains well-established exceptions to exhaustion. Although this point might at first seem inconsistent with other Supreme Court cases interpreting the PLRA, this article argues that Justice Breyer's concurrence can be reconciled with those opinions. PLRA exhaustion invokes regular administrative law exhaustion doctrine so long as it is not inconsistent with the statute. More generally, the article argues that we should take administrative law seriously in the corrections context.
State Post-Conviction Remedies in the Next Fifteen Years: How Synergy Between the State and Federal Governments Can Improve the Criminal Justice System Nationally
Authors: Freedman Eric M.
Published: May 2012

In the years ahead both the state and federal governments will have a shared interest in improving the fairness of state post-conviction review systems. Under Cullen v. Pinholster, 131 S. Ct. 1388 (2011) states' post-conviction rulings will be given considerable deference on federal habeas corpus review if but only if they emerge from procedurally sound systems. This gives the states a finality interest and the federal government a cost-savings interest in the creation of such systems. At the same time unsound systems are increasingly vulnerable to attacks under Section 1983. These converging circumstances make it more desirable than ever that the states provide competent counsel in state post-conviction proceedings.
Innocence and Federal Habeas after AEDPA: Time for the Supreme Court to Act
Authors: Hoffmann Joseph L.
Published: May 2012

New empirical research shows that, since AEDPA, the likelihood of success in non-capital federal habeas corpus has dropped to less than one percent. Federal habeas courts continue to be concerned about the wrongful conviction of innocent defendants, but their role in such cases must be redefined. Habeas courts are structurally incapable of effectively screening and investigating claims of wrongful conviction; these responsibilities are better performed by extrajudicial actors such as innocence projects, innocence commissions, law school clinics, volunteer lawyers, and the media. The proper role of habeas is to provide a clear path to relief, unencumbered by procedural restrictions, for petitioners who can produce clear and convincing new evidence of innocence. The Supreme Court should help to create such a path by finally acknowledging the constitutional status of “bare innocence” claims based on new evidence.
“Don't Sing It on a Feast Day”: The Reception and Performance of Western Sacred Music in Soviet Russia, 1917–1953
Authors: Fairclough Pauline
Published: May 2012

Despite official hostility to religion and ambivalence towards Western bourgeois culture, the Soviet Union's major orchestras and choirs retained a high number of Western sacred works in their concert repertoire. In this article, I examine the apparent incongruity of this aspect of Soviet concert practice, with specific focus on the two most important Soviet choirs in Moscow and Leningrad: the Leningrad Capella, and the Moscow-based Russian Choir of the USSR. I argue that the process of cultural appropriation in the Soviet Union embraced a sufficiently broad conception of Western musical culture for this repertoire to be considered not only safe, but of central canonic importance. With an appropriate ideological varnish, and even textual alteration, a careful selection of Western sacred music could be rendered “Soviet” enough to remain core repertoire, albeit subject to fast-changing currents in cultural politics throughout the period 1917–53.
Aragonite growth in water-alcohol mixtures: Classical or nonclassical crystallization?
Authors: Sand K. K. , Rodriguez-Blanco J. D. , Makovicky E. , Benning L. G. , Stipp S. L. S.
Published: May 2012

Aragonite can grow from calcium carbonate solutions as the favored phase, at ambient conditions, in the presence of 1:1 volume % water:ethanol. Its form is single and branched needles, with pseudohexagonal symmetry. Morphological evidence demonstrates that all precipitated aragonite is twinned. The recently popularized hypothesis of nonclassical growth by nanocrystal self assembly cannot describe the aragonite crystal form. Rather, its formation is effectively described as spherulitic growth, i.e. by classical crystal growth theory.
Mg-induced Enhancement of ZnO Optical Properties via Electrochemical Processing
Authors: Shi Hongtao , Barrera Kalie R. , Hessong Timothy L. , Alfaro Cristhyan F.
Published: May 2012

Electrochemical deposition was used to fabricate polycrystalline ZnO thin films in solutions containing zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine. All samples showed intense UV photoluminescence (PL) near the band edge in addition to weak broad bands due to defects. When the source solution was slightly doped with Mg2+ ions, the defect induced emission was significantly suppressed while the UV peak position and intensity remained the same. Auger electron spectroscopy revealed no Mg contents in the films within the detection limit. A possible growth mechanism was proposed, based on the chemical reactivity of Mg and Zn, to interpret the observed PL data, which is supported by samples grown in Ca-doped solutions.
Modification of Cordierite Honeycomb Ceramics Matrix for DeNOx Catalyst
Authors: Liu Qingcai , He Yuanyuan , Yang Jian , Xi Wenchang , Wen Juan , Zheng Huimin
Published: May 2012

To obtain highly dispersed and highly active catalysts by impregnating of active species onto the monolith directly, cordierite honeycomb ceramics were modified by nitric acid solution of 68wt%. Effects of acid treatment temperature and time on the performance of cordierite were investigated. Specific surface area, pore size distribution, morphology and structure of cordierite were characterized by N2-physical adsorption, SEM, XRD, respectively. Concentrations of ions in the acid solution were measured by AAS. It is shown that the corrosion content of cordierite increases and more micropores are generated with increasing time of acid treatment, leading to an upward trend of specific surface area. The coefficient of thermal expansion and compression strength decrease obviously at a higher temperature, which is mainly attributed to the removal of Al and Mg ions from the silicate structure and delayed formation of free amorphous silica on the surface of the cordierite. The optimal modification process of cordierite matrix acid erosion is at 110°C for 6 h.
Fieldwork and Pain
Authors: Lobetti Tullio
Published: May 2012

Participant observation in particularly demanding circumstances may often blur the line between the researcher and the object of research. Such are the cases where the researcher needs to participate in “extreme” religious feats involving ascetic practices, seclusion, use of narcotics, and so on. In such circumstances traditional methodological approaches seem to be undermined by the compelling urge for the researcher to deal with his or her own needs as well as carrying on the proposed fieldwork research. Although this can be considered as an argument for lack of “objectivity,” it should also be noted that this outburst of “feelings” and other emotional traits might be considered as part of the fieldwork results as well. The purpose of this article is to offer a variety of fieldwork data collected under such particular research circumstances for scrutiny. The main portion of the material comes from a field research conducted in 2006–2007 in Japan, dealing with Japanese ascetic practices.
Making of Representations of the Religious Adherent Engaged in Politics
Authors: Fisker-Nielsen Anne
Published: May 2012

In this paper, I present two ethnographic examples of young Japanese who as members of the lay Buddhist organization Soka Gakkai in Japan support the political party Komeito. I highlight that concord about interpretations of meaning between the anthropologist and the interlocutors makes for different understanding of motivation and subsequently for different representations. While the anthropologist’s work in most cases remains an ethnographic account written by the researcher, fieldwork and personal interaction with people who are regarded as interlocutors rather than subjects of study help to make the subject community, not the observer, the people who set the criteria for representation. This does not exclude a critical approach to the social phenomenon researched, but a closer understanding of the paradigmatic position of the people whom one writes about can, with careful reflection, help to overcome the particular biases of structural objectivism. While this position may have its own biases, the starting point is the participation of the anthropologist in inter-cultural discourse with the people studied, rather than an authority who has the last say on the matter. This is looking at social phenomena from the level of meaning, aiming to understand social tendencies to action rather than from a position that asks questions about facticity from a deductive approach about an abstract empirical reality.
Fieldworking’ Deliverance Rituals in a Liberian Pentecostal Ministry
Authors: Heaner Gwendolyn
Published: May 2012

This paper describes fieldwork attempts to understand perceptions of the spirit world in one Liberian Pentecostal ministry, and the limitations in fully understanding and collecting data for such an ambiguous topic, when relying only on interviews and observations. Using only these methods, I was faced with a number of seeming contradictions between teachings and practices. By remaining flexible in my fieldwork methods, I found that taking advantage of my “otherness” – my status as a non born-again Christian – rather than being an obstacle to gaining access, was actually very useful, especially when I was surprisingly invited to be the subject of one of the ministry’s deliverance rituals. The reasons that I was allowed to take part in the performance and the performance itself gave me valuable data that could not have been acquired through any of my own questions or observations.
Animated Texts
Authors: Tremlett Paul
Published: May 2012

In this essay I argue for a shift away from the study of texts in the study of religions in order to facilitate a move towards the critical study of audiences and interpretive communities. Through an analysis of historical and contemporary materials relating to the lowland Christianized Philippines, I suggest that the meaning of Christianity and Christian texts and symbols in the Philippines has always been mediated by culturally and historically located audiences and interpreters. As such, in order to understand the transmission and authorization of Christian "truth" in the archipelago, special attention must be paid to the creative and agentive forces unintentionally unleashed by mission, colonialism and on-going processes of modernization and globalization. In the concluding part of the essay I raise some general questions and problems arising from this attentiveness to audiences and interpretive communities.
Experience of Ethnographic Fieldwork in an English Benedictine Monastery
Authors: Irvine Richard
Published: May 2012

What is the role of imitation in ethnographic fieldwork, and what are its limits? This article explores what it means to participate in a particular fieldsite; a Catholic English Benedictine monastery. A discussion of the importance of hospitality in the life of the monastery shows how the guest becomes a point of contact between the community and the wider society within which that community exists. The peripheral participation of the ethnographer as monastic guest is not about becoming incorporated, but about creating a space within which knowledge can be communicated. By focusing on the process of re-learning in the monastery – in particular, relearning how to experience silence and work – I discuss some of the ways in which the fieldwork experience helped me to reassess the social world to which I would return.
Religion Today Series
Authors: Morgan Peggy
Published: May 2012

Morgan reviews: COHN-SHERBOK, Dan. 2010. Judaism Today. London and New York: Continuum. 191 pp. ISBN 978 0 8264 3829 4 (hbk), ISBN 978 0 8264 2231 6 (pbk). £55.00 (hbk), £14.99 (pbk). CHRYSSIDES, George D. 2010. Christianity Today. London and New York: Continuum. 169 pp. ISBN 978 1 8470 6541 4 (hbk), ISBN 978 1 8470 6542 1 (pbk). £55.00 (hbk), £14.99 (pbk). GEAVES, Ron. 2010. Islam Today. London and New York: Continuum. 187 pp. ISBN 978 1 8470 6477 6 (hbk), ISBN 978 1 8470 6478 3 (pbk). £45.00 (hbk), £14.99 (pbk). JACOBS, Stephen. 2010. Hinduism Today. London and New York: Continuum. 182 pp. ISBN 978 0 8264 4027 3 (hbk), ISBN 0 8264 3065 6 (pbk). £45.00 (hbk), £14.99 (pbk).These four books add to the now long list of available general introductions to religious traditions aimed at undergraduate and general audiences, but have a distinctive emphasis and access through contemporary issues and case studies.
Neglected Place of Religion in Contemporary Western Art
Authors: Arya Rina
Published: May 2012

In this article I am going to examine some of the artwork of the American video artist Bill Viola to demonstrate the experiences of the religious to which it can give rise. Viola’s work is a meditation on the central questions and issues in life, which include: why are we here? Where are we going? And what it feels to be alive. His work is intensive and engages the intellectual, emotional and sensory aspects of our being. Contemporary art is a hitherto neglected arena of fieldwork in religious studies. Equally, religion is disregarded in critical debates on contemporary art, and regarded as passé and irrelevant to modern life. The resistance on both sides is to the detriment of the mutual study and development of both religious studies and art. Art has the propensity to convey religious ideas and to evoke sentiments, which can be described as religious. We can look to contemporary art to uncover notions about the religious in twentieth and twenty first century life. My study on Viola will demonstrate the prevalence of religious experiences that his work evokes. In a post-secular Britain, where religion no longer upholds universal significance, contemporary art provides a channel to revive religious understanding vis-à-vis the spiritual, and to make it contemporary and resonant.
Shifting Fieldsites
Authors: Dominguez Diaz Marta
Published: May 2012

Few of those who have undertaken fieldwork among members of Sufi Orders have openly discussed the challenges involved. The present article examines a number of issues which were encountered whilst carrying out ethnographic research among devotees of the transnational Q?diriyya. It argues that knowledge derived from ethnographical investigation is subjective and partial by nature, and that engaging with its resulting ambiguities and contradictions leads to a more nuanced, real, and less representational, perspective. This article explores certain themes: first, it examines how gender determined the scope of the research and circumscribed the possibilities of data collection. Second, it analyses some of the peculiarities involved in conducting multi-sited fieldwork in a transnational religious organization. Third, it raises specific methodological concerns with regard to the often transitory nature of membership of this ?ar?qa. Finally, it discusses how the present author coped with religious proselytization and its potential effects on the relationship between devotees and researcher.
Jews, Eschatology, and Contemporary Visions of a World Order
Authors: Adelman Howard
Published: May 2012

The paper presents three different visions of eschatology and argues that the dominant rabbinic Judaic view is of an eschatology that does not deal with the end of days but with ruptures within history. Further, the real threat to historical improvement and the nation-state system that is the backbone of a pluralistic system of nation-states comes from various visions of a universal and unified world order. The fundamental Jewish system which is at the basis of the modern era as defined by the first modern nation-state, Holland, is of a system of nation-states. All efforts to supercede this system are usually carried out by utopian visionaries and they threaten the basis of a system that thrives on small but steady improvements in the nation-state system.
Catholic Christianity and World Order
Authors: Masciulli Joseph
Published: May 2012

Christian conceptualizations of world order have been fraught with differences in scriptural interpretations and doctrinal disagreements about the church’s responses to the global challenges of modernity. This article explores the Catholic Christian perspective of the papacy with regard to world order, and compares and contrasts it with the views of liberal Catholic Christian theologian Hans Kueng. It concludes that most liberal Catholics and Protestants share the Kuengian approach to world order while most conservative Protestants and Orthodox Christians would agree with some of the Vatican’s positions. Notwithstanding these disagreements, dialogue in action among Christians and members of other world religions continues to occur on many occasions. As long as understanding and knowledge about “the other” is sought without unacknowledged group biases, interreligious dialogue can result in a process that inspires a structure of peace among the religions—whether the participants accept pluralism as an ultimate truth about religion or not.
Hinduism and the Global Village
Authors: Sundararajan K. R.
Published: May 2012

As the world evolves into a “global village,” a community in which people of different religious persuasions, ethnic and cultural diversities functioning together with common goals is being formed. However, this movement stretches the theological and traditional resources of adherents of religions whose doctrines have hitherto been silent on “believers versus non-believers” or “insiders versus outsiders” relationships. Against this backdrop, this article examines the challenges that Hindus in diaspora communities face, especially the inevitability of interacting with other members outside the Hindu faith. It is concluded that the notion of a “global village” presents an opportunity to explore the possible resources and dynamism of the Hindu tradition for a community living, where the community is constituted of members of diverse religious groups.
Toward Global Community: Sufism and World Order
Authors: Said Abdul Aziz , Funk Nathan C.
Published: May 2012

The failure of “universal secular visions” to bridge global material and cultural divides as well as stem widespread ecological damage has precipitated the need to draw upon the untapped spiritual resources and enduring wisdom of the world’s great contemplative traditions. Drawing from the essential precepts and doctrines of Sufism, this article presents a response to the challenges presented by contemporary world politics and global disorder. It calls for a consensus-based and cooperative approach to global issues based on eight principles stemming from Sufi tradition; principles that could contribute to the foundation of a new world order. Sufism’s vision of tawhid, inner freedom, spiritual elevation, and human wholeness can provide a compelling basis for responding to contemporary challenges of a materialist global life. Furthermore, its capacity to inspire human solidarity and deeply ecumenical spirituality can greatly expedite the emergence of a global peace culture. However, translating the principles of Sufism into practice within the context of the present world order requires effort to advance four interrelated processes of change: promoting a global system of checks and balances, strengthening global civil society, promoting human rights and cultural diversity, and developing a broad consensus of peoples and governments.
Carried by a Promise – A Life Transformed Through Yoga by Swami Radhananda
Authors: Pachnowski Cathy Anne
Published: May 2012

Carried by a Promise – A Life Transformed Through Yoga by Swami Radhananda. Timeless Books, 2011.
Tiqtiq, Brother Tadger, and Charles Dickens
Authors: Vanast Walter
Published: May 2012

This study of the Mackenzie Inuit’s initial encounter with missionaries (at Fort Simpson in 1859) makes four points. First, that native peoples were very much in control, and held an even hand in negotiations with whites, whether clerics, traders, or other outsiders. Second, that native-white interaction resembled theater-in-the-round—the two sides each acting out roles and speaking lines set by a distant audience invested in the outcome. Third, that no matter how remote a mission site, its history was closely tied to events in European centers of power. Last, that in contrast to the violent evangelization of the hemisphere’s South, that of the Far North was of the gentlest kind. Given time (half a century of church contact in the case of the Mackenzie Inuit) all Arctic tribes converted. Coercion, that suggests, need never have been applied west of the Atlantic by conquering nations to make their subjects Christian.
Jesus Christ as Woman Wisdom? Complicating the Gender of Christ
Authors: Loewen Susanne Guenther
Published: May 2012

Feminist philosopher Luce Irigaray’s claim that Christianity lacks a female saviour is countered by the feminist and/or postmodern theologies of Elizabeth A. Johnson, Elisabeth Schuessler Fiorenza, Graham Ward, and Gavin D’Costa, who together complicate the gender of Jesus Christ using the neglected biblical figure of Woman Wisdom. Since Woman Wisdom’s words, actions, and identity correspond to those of Jesus Christ, such imagery emphasizes that Jesus Christ is divine and therefore beyond male and female. The historical Jesus of Nazareth cannot, however, be neglected, but neither is he straightforwardly male. In feminist/gender theory terms, Jesus can be affirmed as biologically male, but not as conforming to the ‘patriarchal’ socio-cultural male gender of his context, particularly since Woman Wisdom performs many of the same actions. Finally, Jesus Christ is rendered male and female in the members of the Church, which is thus the multi-gendered Body of Christ.
Secret Code at Shugborough Hall?
Authors: Fishwick Duncan
Published: May 2012

A well known monument at Shugborough Hall, Shropshire, U.K., preserves a marble reproduction by Peter Scheemakers of Nicolas Poussin’s famous painting “Les Bergers d’Arcadie”. Below the engraving appear the letters O U O S V A V V together with A and and O at either end, slightly lowered. Whereas professional cryptographers have treated these letters as a secret code, they are best interpreted as standard abbreviations of common Latin words that might be expanded as follows:
D(is) M(anibus)
O(ptimae) U(xoris) O(ssa) S(ita) V(ices) A(gens) V(t) V(overat) or V(otum) A(nimo) V(t) V(overat)
The possibility remains that the Anson brothers, on whose estate the monument stands, were involved in secret societies.
Mouse Woman of Gabriola
Authors: Young David E
Published: May 2012

The Mouse Woman of Gabriola is an image carved into a boulder on the small island of Gabriola, off the west coast of Canada. The “grandmother” spirit depicted in the image is important to west coast native groups who believe that this spirit is dedicated to restoring order and rectifying injustices, particularly those involving young people. The Mouse Woman also appears to have healing powers that defy normal scientific explanation. This article attempts to understand this type of “spontaneous healing” by exploring factors such as the role of healers, the role of faith, mind/brain/body interactions, the placebo response, the ability of individuals to tap internal and external sources of healing energy, and the role of religious icons in healing. The arguments made in this article will come as no surprise to most Aboriginal medicine people who are quite aware that a healer must have a good understanding of not only plants and their medicinal qualities, but human psychology, the power of suggestion and ritual, and even the worth of dramatic elements. Thus traditional healers are often more sophisticated than mainstream medical researchers who have only recently begun to appreciate the significance of phenomena such as role of the mind in healing.
Development of the Essential Genetic and Genomic Competencies for Nurses With Graduate Degrees
Authors: Greco Karen E. , Tinley Susan , Seibert Diane
Published: May 2012

Scientific advances in genetics and genomics are rapidly redefining our understanding of health and illness and creating a significant shift in practice for all health care disciplines. Nurses educated at the graduate level are well-prepared to assume clinical and leadership roles in health care systems and must also be prepared to assume similar roles related to genetic/genomic health care. This chapter describes the processes used to create a consensus document identifying the genetic/genomic competencies essential for nurses prepared at the graduate level. Three groups were involved in the competency development; a steering committee provided leadership and used qualitative methods to review and analyze pertinent source documents and create an initial competency draft; an advisory board evaluated and revised the draft, and a consensus panel refined and validated the final set of competencies. The concensus process resulted in 38 competencies organized under the following categories: Risk Assessment and Interpretation; Genetic Education, Counseling, Testing and Results Interpretation; Clinical Management; Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications; Professional Role; Leadership, and Research. These competencies apply to all individuals functioning at the graduate level in nursing, including but not limited to advanced practice registered nurses, clinical nurse leaders, nurse educators, nurse administrators, and nurse scientists and are intended to inform and guide their practice.
Central Nervous System Genomics
Authors: Gallek Matthew J. , Ritter Leslie
Published: May 2012

In the past 25 years, remarkable progress has been made in our understanding of genomics and its influence on central nervous system diseases. In this chapter, common diseases of the central nervous system will be reviewed along with the genomics associated with these diseases. The diseases/injuries that will be investigated include neurovascular disorders such as ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury. This chapter will also explore Apolipoprotein E (APOE), a 299-aminoacid protein encoded by the APOE gene, and its associations with many of the previously named diseases. APOE was first tied to the risk of Alzheimer's disease and has since then been investigated in traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic strokes. In addition, we will discuss the future of genomic research in central nervous system diseases.
Genetics and Genomics
Authors: Kurnat-Thoma Emma L.
Published: May 2012

Scientific advances in genetics and genomics will be incorporated into health care soon. The tailoring of treatment to an individual's genetic make up has been termed Personalized Medicine. These advances are promising and are receiving significant attention; however, many nurses are caught in the gap between technologic advances and clinical diffusion and uptake. Aiming to reduce this gap, this chapter provides an overview of the science driving Personalized Medicine, outlines areas of research and clinical translation where nurses may expect to see its fruits, and briefly identifies obstacles preventing its full realization. Four scientific elements of Personalized Medicine are described: (1) discovery of novel biology that guides clinical translation mechanisms, (2) genetic risk assessment, (3) molecular diagnostic technology, and (4) pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. Successful design and implementation of Personalized Medicine will hinge on the roles of nurses conducting or participating in collaborative initiatives that are furthering genetic/genomic applications within these contexts.
Pediatric Hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Schneidereith Tonya A.
Published: May 2012

The β-chain hemoglobinopathies affect the β-globin gene on chromosome 11 and comprise some of the most prevalent genetic disorders in humans, including sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia. The mutations associated with these diseases cause various symptoms and degrees of severity. Extensive research has sought to identify physiologic and genetic factors responsible for these variations, including the role of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and its importance in the alleviation of symptoms. This chapter on the genomics of hemoglobinopathies addresses the interests of both the researcher and the caregiver. The pathophysiology of SCD and thalassemia are reviewed, as well as the state of the science on the regulation of HbF, including newly identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and suggested genetic mechanisms. Studies on the current therapies of hemoglobinopathies, both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic, are also reviewed. Research reviews relevant to the care of children include physical and psychological sequelae, genetic counseling, and effects on learning. With a thorough understanding of the normal physiology of hemoglobin, the pathophysiology of SCD and the thalassemias, and the associated physical and psychological sequela, nurses can improve the quality of life for children and families living with these diseases.
Indulgence, Restraint, and the Engagement of Pleasure: Inciting Reflection Using Nietzsche’s Ascetic Ideal
Authors: O’Byrne Patrick , Holmes Dave
Published: May 2012

As part of an interview-based study of gay circuit parties in Montreal, Canada, which involved 17 gay and bisexual men, it was noted that participants were preoccupied with the topics of indulgence and restraint, particularly in relation to their perceptions of social norms regarding acceptable sexual behaviors. Theoretically, these findings were examined from a post-structuralist perspective using Nietzsche’s conceptualization of the ascetic ideal. The outcome of this analysis is an alternative conceptualization about the intersections between indulgence, pain, guilt, pleasure, and sexually transmitted infection.
Role of Space Provision in Regeneration of Localized Two‐Wall Intrabony Defects Using Periosteal Pedicle Graft as an Autogenous Guided Tissue Membrane
Authors: Singhal Rameshwari , Nandlal  , Kumar Akhilesh , Rastogi Pavitra
Published: May 2012

Background: Marginal pedicle periosteum (MPP) has been used as a rigid membrane in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) for osseous defects. The present study aims to study the effect of space provision by an alloplastic graft material in bone defect area (BDA) reduction of 2‐wall defects.

Methods: Twenty interproximal intrabony 2‐wall defects in healthy non‐smoking patients with chronic periodontitis were randomly divided in control (group 1, periosteum alone) and experimental (group 2, periosteum with alloplastic graft material) groups. Measurements of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and radiographic BDA were done at the baseline and 6‐month postoperative evaluations.

Results: The 6‐month postoperative assessment showed clinical and radiographic improvements with PD reduction, CAL gain, and changes in BDA in both groups, which was statistically significant compared with baseline (P <0.05). However, BDA reduction was statistically greater in group 2 (48.88% ± 18.61%) compared with group 1 (14.08% ± 12.97%) at the 6‐month follow‐up (P = 0.009).

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that space provision by an alloplastic graft material increases the regenerative potential of MPP as a GTR membrane and results in increased defect fill.
Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor Promotes Periodontal Regeneration in Localized Osseous Defects: 36‐Month Extension Results From a Randomized, Controlled, Double‐Masked Clinical Trial
Authors: Nevins Myron , Kao Richard T. , McGuire Michael K. , McClain Pamela K. , Hinrichs James E. , McAllister Bradley S. , Reddy Michael S. , Nevins Marc L. , Genco Robert J. , Lynch Samuel E. , Giannobile William V.
Published: May 2012

Background: Recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor (rhPDGF) is safe and effective for the treatment of periodontal defects in short‐term studies up to 6 months in duration. We now provide results from a 36‐month extension study of a multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial evaluating the effect and long‐term stability of PDGF‐BB treatment in patients with localized severe periodontal osseous defects.

Methods: A total of 135 participants were enrolled from six clinical centers for an extension trial. Eighty‐three individuals completed the study at 36 months and were included in the analysis. The study investigated the local application of β‐tricalcium phosphate scaffold matrix with or without two different dose levels of PDGF (0.3 or 1.0 mg/mL PDGF‐BB) in patients possessing one localized periodontal osseous defect. Composite analysis for clinical and radiographic evidence of treatment success was defined as percentage of cases with clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥2.7 mm and linear bone growth (LBG) ≥1.1 mm.

Results: The participants exceeding this composite outcome benchmark in the 0.3 mg/mL rhPDGF‐BB group went from 62.2% at 12 months, 75.9% at 24 months, to 87.0% at 36 months compared with 39.5%, 48.3%, and 53.8%, respectively, in the scaffold control group at these same time points (P <0.05). Although there were no significant increases in CAL and LBG at 36 months among all groups, there were continued increases in CAL gain, LBG, and percentage bone fill over time, suggesting overall stability of the regenerative response.

Conclusion: PDGF‐BB in a synthetic scaffold matrix promotes long‐term stable clinical and radiographic improvements as measured by composite outcomes for CAL gain and LBG for patients possessing localized periodontal defects (ClinicalTrials.gov no. CT01530126).
Sciatica and Incomplete Paraplegia After Spontaneous Haematoma of the Spinal Cord Due to a Cumarine - Induced Coagulopathy: Case Report
Authors: Artner Juraj , Leucht F , Schulz C , Cakir B
Published: May 2012

Spontaneous spinal haematoma is a rare cause of sciatica. We present a case of a 73 year old patient, who was admitted to our department and suffered from spontaneous sciatica over 24 hours. During the examination, the patient presented undulating symptoms of paraplegia, varying from incomplete loss of power in the left lower limb to complete plegia. The patient presented multiple diseases like biological aortic valve replacement, diabetes, hypertonia in her medical history, etc. Due to an additional absolute arrhythmia she ingested a cumarine medication. The tomographic imaging revealed a spontaneous lumbar and cranial subarachnoidal haematoma.
BMP-2 Dependent Increase of Soft Tissue Density in Arthrofibrotic TKA
Authors: Pfitzner Tilman , Röhner Eric , Krenn Veit , Perka Carsten , Matziolis Georg
Published: May 2012

Arthrofibrosis after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is difficult to treat, as its aetiology remains unclear. In a previous study, we established a connection between the BMP-2 concentration in the synovial fluid and arthrofibrosis after TKA. The hypothesis of the present study was, therefore, that the limited range of motion in arthrofibrosis is caused by BMP-2 induced heterotopic ossifications, the quantity of which is dependent on the BMP-2 concentration in the synovial fluid.

Eight patients with arthrofibrosis after TKA were included. The concentration of BMP-2 in the synovial fluid from each patient was determined by ELISA. Radiologically, digital radiographs were evaluated and the grey scale values were determined as a measure of the tissue density of defined areas. Apart from air, cutis, subcutis and muscle, the soft-tissue density in the area of the capsule of the suprapatellar pouch was determined. The connection between the BMP-2 concentration and the soft-tissue density was then investigated.

The average BMP-2 concentration in the synovial fluid was 24.3 ± 6.9 pg/ml. The density of the anterior knee capsule was on average 136 ± 35 grey scale values. A linear correlation was shown between the BMP-2 concentration in the synovial fluid and the radiological density of the anterior joint capsule (R=0.84, p = 0.009).

We were able to show that there is a connection between BMP-2 concentration and soft-tissue density in arthrofibrosis after TKA. This opens up the possibility of conducting a prophylaxis against arthrofibrosis in risk patients by influencing the BMP-2 pathway.
How Need for Cognition Moderates the Influence of Country of Origin and Price on Consumer Perception of Quality
Authors: Ting Shueh-Chin
Published: May 2012

In prior studies of the effects of country of origin (COO) and price on consumers' perceptions of quality, the role of need for cognition (NFC) has rarely been considered either empirically or theoretically. In this study a 2 (COO) × 2 (price) × 2 (NFC) design was used to
further clarify the effects of COO and price. We found that NFC moderated the effects of COO and price cues on perceived quality; NFC negatively influenced consumers' perceptions of quality; and the interaction of COO image and price on perceived quality was not significant, but consumers'
NFC moderated the relationship significantly.
The Mediating Role of Job Feedback in the Relationship Between Neuroticism and Emotional Labor
Authors: Zhong Jian An , Cao Zhong-Liang , Huo Yuanyuan , Chen Ziguang , Lam Wing
Published: May 2012

The associations between neuroticism, employees' preference of emotional labor strategies, and job feedback were investigated using a cross-sectional self-report questionnaire survey. The mediating effect of job feedback was tested using regression analysis with a sample of 168 nurses.
Results showed that neuroticism was associated more with surface acting, and less with both deep acting and job feedback; job feedback fully mediated the relationship between neuroticism and deep acting. Implications and directions for future research and practices are suggested.
Do Women Prefer “Nice Guys”? The Effect of Male Dominance Behavior on Women's Ratings of Sexual Attractiveness
Authors: Ahmetoglu Gorkan , Swami Viren
Published: May 2012

We examined whether or not different behavioral expressions of dominance by a male affected how introverted and extraverted women rated his sexual attractiveness. We assessed 81 women on the extraversion scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire–Revised Short Scale (Eysenck
& Eysenck, 1991), and they then watched a 1-minute silent video of a male confederate in 3 dominance conditions (closed body posture [low], open body posture [medium], and open body posture with gesticulation [high]) and rated the male for sexual attractiveness. Results showed that higher
dominance behavior significantly increased the confederate's attractiveness, accounting for 10% of the variance in attractiveness ratings. However, the women's personalities appeared to have no significant effect on these ratings. These results are discussed in relation to extant literature
on the phenomenon that women do not select “nice guys” in preference to other men.