bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression and anxiety symptoms among Vietnamese migrants in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yamashita Tadashi , Quy Pham Nguyen , Nogami Emi , Seto-Suh Erina , Yamada Chika , Iwamoto Saori , Shimazawa Kyoko , Kato Kenji
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to examine the mental health status and related factors among Vietnamese migrants in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an online cross-sectional survey between September 21 and October 21, 2021. Along with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scores, we collected data on demographics, changes in socioeconomic status due to the pandemic, language proficiency, social support, and health conditions. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors related to symptoms of depression and anxiety. Among 621 participants who completed the questionnaire, moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10 points) and mild-to-severe symptoms of anxiety (GAD-7 score ≥ 5 points) were observed in 203 (32.7%) and 285 (45.9%) individuals, respectively. Factors related to depressive symptoms were age (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.89-0.99), pre-existing health conditions (95% [CI]=1.61–3.76), and a low subjective socioeconomic status (95% [CI]=1.64–3.71). Factors related to anxiety symptoms were being single (95% [CI]=1.01–2.93), having pre-existing health conditions (95% [CI]=1.63–3.88), subjective socioeconomic status (95% [CI]=1.87–3.97), and absence of a partner to discuss one’s health with (95% [CI]=1.11–2.47). Vietnamese migrants in Japan experienced a decrease in income, worsening working conditions, and poor mental health status during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further investigations are necessary to find an effective way to increase their social support and mitigate socioeconomic adversities.
Gendered Performance Gaps in an Upper-Division Biology Course: Academic, Demographic, Environmental, and Affective Factors
Authors: Farrar Victoria S. , Aguayo Bianca-Yesenia Cruz , Caporale Natalia
Published: October 2023

We studied gender equity gaps in an upper-division biology course (10-years of offerings). We found significant gender disparities that were comparable to those of lower division courses. In 46% of offerings, women had incoming GPAs higher than men, yet still had lower grades. Course anxiety correlated with course grades for women but not men.
Effect of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy on Cytoreductive Surgery in Gastric Cancer With Synchronous Peritoneal Metastases: The Phase III GASTRIPEC-I Trial
Authors: Rau Beate , Lang Hauke , Koenigsrainer Alfred , Gockel Ines , Rau Horst-Guenter , Seeliger Hendrik , Lerchenmueller Christian , Reim Daniel , Wahba Roger , Angele Martin , Heeg Steffen , Keck Tobias , Weimann Arved , Topp Stefan , Piso Pompiliu , Brandl Andreas , Schuele Silke , Jo Peter , Pratschke Johann , Wegel Sandra , Rehders Alexander , Moosmann Nicolas , Gaedcke Jochen , Heinemann Volker , Trips Evelyn , Loeffler Markus , Schlag Peter Michael , Thuss-Patience Peter
Published: October 2023

PURPOSE

In patients with peritoneal metastasis (PM) from gastric cancer (GC), chemotherapy is the treatment of choice. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are still being debated. This randomized, controlled, open-label, multicenter phase III trial (EudraCT 2006-006088-22; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02158988 ) explored the impact on overall survival (OS) of HIPEC after CRS.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Adult patients with GC and histologically proven PM were randomly assigned (1:1) to perioperative chemotherapy and CRS alone (CRS-A) or CRS plus HIPEC (CRS + H). HIPEC comprised mitomycin C 15 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 in 5 L of saline perfused for 60 minutes at 42°C. The primary end point was OS; secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), other distant metastasis-free survival (MFS), and safety. Analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle.

RESULTS

Between March 2014 and June 2018, 105 patients were randomly assigned (53 patients to CRS-A and 52 patients to CRS + H). The trial stopped prematurely because of slow recruitment. In 55 patients, treatment stopped before CRS mainly due to disease progression/death. Median OS was the same for both groups (CRS + H, 14.9 [97.2% CI, 8.7 to 17.7] months v CRS-A, 14.9 [97.2% CI, 7.0 to 19.4] months; P = .1647). The PFS was 3.5 months (95% CI, 3.0 to 7.0) in the CRS-A group and 7.1 months (95% CI, 3.7 to 10.5; P = .047) in the CRS + H group. The CRS + H group showed better MFS (10.2 months [95% CI, 7.7 to 14.7] v CRS-A, 9.2 months [95% CI, 6.8 to 11.5]; P = .0286). The incidence of grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) was similar between groups (CRS-A, 38.1% v CRS + H, 43.6%; P = .79).

CONCLUSION

This study showed no OS difference between CRS + H and CRS-A. PFS and MFS were significantly better in the CRS + H group, which needs further exploration. HIPEC did not increase AEs.
Genetic background determines severity of Loxl1-mediated systemic and ocular elastosis in mice
Authors: Suarez Maria F. , Schmitt Heather M. , Kuhn Megan S. , Watkins TeddiJo , Hake Kristyn M. , Weisz Tara , Flynn Edward J. , Elliott Michael H. , Hauser Michael A. , Stamer W. Daniel
Published: October 2023

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a systemic, age-related disorder characterized by elastosis and extracellular matrix deposits. Its most significant ocular manifestation is an aggressive form of glaucoma associated with variants in the gene encoding lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1). Depending upon the population, variants in LOXL1 can impart risk or protection for PEX, suggesting the importance of genetic context. As LOXL1 protein levels are lower and the degree of elastosis is higher in people with PEX, we studied Loxl1-deficient mice on three different genetic backgrounds: C57BL/6 (BL/6), 129S×C57BL/6 (50/50) and 129S. Early onset and high prevalence of spontaneous pelvic organ prolapse in BL/6 Loxl1−/− mice necessitated the study of mice that were <2 months old. Similar to pelvic organ prolapse, most elastosis endpoints were the most severe in BL/6 Loxl1−/− mice, including skin laxity, pulmonary tropoelastin accumulation, expansion of Schlemm's canal and dilation of intrascleral veins. Interestingly, intraocular pressure was elevated in 50/50 Loxl1−/− mice, depressed in BL/6 Loxl1−/− mice and unchanged in 129S Loxl1−/− mice compared to that of control littermates. Overall, the 129S background was protective against most elastosis phenotypes studied. Thus, repair of elastin-containing tissues is impacted by the abundance of LOXL1 and genetic context in young animals.
Highly Functional Acyclic Xeno Nucleic Acids
Authors: Murayama Keiji , Okita Hikari , Asanuma Hiroyuki
Published: October 2023

In this account, we discuss applications of artificial nucleic acids, acyclic threoninol nucleic acid (aTNA) and serinol nucleic acid (SNA). Seesaw gate and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) circuits composed of left-handed d-aTNA operate correctly. These left-handed circuits are orthogonal to right-handed d-DNA, d-RNA, and l-aTNA, suppressing interference between the circuits. SNA, which does not have a helical preference, can be used as an interface between right- and left-handed oligomers, resulting in selective detection of right-handed d-RNA via left-handed d-aTNA circuits. This detection system is not affected by contamination with natural nucleic acids in bio-samples due to the orthogonality. For chemical primer extension of l-aTNA, chemical ligation by N-cyanoimidazole and a divalent metal cation was investigated. The chemical ligation of l-aTNA was significantly faster and more effective than that of DNA. The chemical primer extension of l-aTNA was achieved using a random trimer pool as ingredients, demonstrating the promise of l-aTNA-based SELEX and artificial genetic systems.
Do Tax Incentives Increase Firm Innovation? An RD Design for R&D, Patents, and Spillovers
Authors: Dechezleprêtre Antoine , Einiö Elias , Martin Ralf , Nguyen Kieu-Trang , Van Reenen John
Published: October 2023

We present causal evidence of R&D tax incentives’ positive impacts on a firm’s own innovation and that of its technological neighbors. Exploiting a change in size-based eligibility thresholds for R&D tax relief, we implement a Regression Discontinuity Design using administrative data. We find significant effects of tax relief on (quality-adjusted) patenting (and R&D) that persist up to seven years, and evidence of R&D spillovers on the innovation of technologically close firms. We can rule out elasticities of patenting with respect to R&D user cost of under 2 at the 5 percent level and show that our large effects are driven by financially constrained treated firms. (JEL D22, H25, H32, O31, O34)
Τύπος και τόπος στη σκέψη και το έργο του Άρη Κωνσταντινίδη
Authors: Λιβάνη Ελένη
Published: October 2023

Η διατριβή ρίχνει φως σε ανέκδοτες πτυχές του έργου και της σκέψης του Άρη Κωνσταντινίδη, ενός από τους σημαντικότερους αρχιτέκτονες της μεταπολεμικής Ελλάδας. Η έρευνα έχει στηριχθεί σε τεκμήρια του έργου (φωτογραφίες, σχέδια) και της σκέψης του (κείμενα, σημειώσεις) από το ιδιωτικό του αρχείο και τα δημοσιευμένα κείμενα του. Προσπάθησε να δείξει τον τρόπο με τον οποίο ο Κωνσταντινίδης συμβάλλει με το έργο και τη σκέψη του στη σχέση οικοδομικής τεχνικής και σχεδιασμού, μέσα από τις συσχετίσεις τύπου και τόπου. Μελέτησε ιδιαίτερα την περίοδο των σπουδών του στο Μόναχο της Γερμανίας (1931-1936), κατά την οποία εκτέθηκε σε ένα πλαίσιο θεωρίών και ιδεών της εποχής, και ήρθε σε επαφή με το έργο και τη σκέψη σημαντικών αρχιτεκτόνων και διανοουμένων μέσα από τα φοιτητικά ταξίδια και τα βιβλία. Η έρευνα εστιάζει επίσης στα πρώτα χρόνια του στην Ελλάδα, μέχρι τη δεκαετία του 1950. Στόχος ήταν η συμβολή στην αλλαγή του τρόπου με τον οποίο αντιλαμβανόμαστε τη μοντέρνα αρχιτεκτονική και τεχνολογία στο έργο του Άρη Κωνσταντινίδη και στη διαμόρφωση εργαλείων για την αποκατάσταση και διαχείριση σημαντικών του έργων. Η διατριβή καταλήγει στο συμπέρασμα ότι ο Άρης Κωνσταντινίδης επηρεάστηκε από τις σπουδές του στο Μόναχο της Γερμανίας, όταν εκτέθηκε στο πλαίσιο ιδεών που είχαν αναπτυχθεί εκεί, σε σχέση με την εισαγωγή νεωτερικών μεθόδων στην παραγωγή κτιρίων και αντικειμένων, συμβάλλοντας ανάλογα στη διαμόρφωση της μοντέρνας αρχιτεκτονικής. Το πλαίσιο των ιδεών αυτών συγκροτήθηκε μεταξύ άλλων γύρω από τη γόνιμη αλλά διχαστική αντιπαράθεση νεωτερισμού και παράδοσης. Η μέθοδος του αρχιτεκτονικού σχεδιασμού που ανέπτυξε ο Άρης Κωνσταντινίδης, την οποία αναφέρει ως αληθινή μοντέρνα αρχιτεκτονική, οργανώνεται γύρω από το δίπολο τύπου και τόπου, αντανακλώντας τις ιδέες και τις θεωρίες της εποχής, στις οποίες εκτέθηκε κατά την περίοδο των σπουδών του στο Μόναχο και την οποία επιχείρησε να εφαρμόσει στην Ελλάδα επιστρέφοντας το 1936.
An Evaluation of Mentorship for Hospital Residents in Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative study using Semi-structured Interviews
Authors: McWalter Patricia , AlKhenizan Abdullah , Ahmad Marium
Published: October 2023

Background In this study, we explore how doctors in training perceive mentorship and leadership and whether they believed that mentoring influences the development of leadership skills. The study also addressed whether certain leadership styles lend themselves better to mentoring. Methods A qualitative research method was employed in this study and ethical approval was granted by the Research Ethics Committee (REC) at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), after which twelve hospital residents were recruited using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by the authors and thematic data analysis was performed. Results Three themes emerged and were later refined, using Braun and Clarke’s 2006 thematic analysis method: 1. Purpose of mentorship, with sub themes: a. Expectations, b. Perception of mentorship as supervision, and c. The role of mentorship, including informal mentoring in leadership development 2. Role of mentorship in leadership development. 3. Perceptions of a leader, with sub-themes: a. The leader as a manager, b. The leader as a role model, and c. The merits of different leadership styles. Discussion Most of the residents (doctors in training) viewed mentorship in a positive way. However, when the mentor was perceived more as a supervisor, the usefulness of mentoring was less clear. However, they found that informal mentoring would contribute to leadership skills and would inspire them to become leaders themselves. They were likely to be influenced positively when they saw the leader as a role model, rather than a manager.
Information Technology and Credit: Evidence from Public Guarantees
Authors: Core Fabrizio , De Marco Filippo
Published: October 2023

This paper investigates whether banks’ information technology (IT) can substitute for local branch presence in the provision of small business credit. Our identification strategy relies on loan-level data and the unique institutional features of the Italian public guarantee scheme during COVID-19. Despite the availability of online applications and low screening incentives, small business lending remains local even for first-time borrowers. However, IT partly mitigates the impact of local branch presence: banks with better IT provide more, cheaper, and faster guaranteed loans and lend more in areas where they have no bank branches, especially to first-time borrowers.

This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4957 .
Highlighting the latest research: October 2023
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane , Cowan Helen
Published: October 2023

Sarah Jane Palmer presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in cardiovascular nursing, while Helen Cowan explores their application to practice. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected and highlight their relevance to cardiac nursing practice. A full reference is provided for those who wish to look at the research in further detail.
Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education
Authors: YILDIZ Ayselin
Published: October 2023

Türkiye stands at the forefront of countries that have embraced a considerable number of refugees and asylum-seekers, making it a prominent host for displaced populations worldwide. In recent years, Türkiye has developed a novel and inclusive approach designed to facilitate the access of refugees to higher education. This article endeavours to examine Türkiye’s policy framework and intricate challenges that arise during its implementation, with a keen focus on how top-down policy interventions interact with institutional bureaucracies and the socio-cultural context. The

study postulates that while Türkiye boasts a national inclusive policy, the effectiveness and outcome of its implementation lie within the realm of decentralization. The success or failure of

the policy hinges on the institutional capacity, willingness of the higher education institutions to accept refugee students and the sociological dynamics between locals and refugee students. For the

policy to genuinely thrive, it necessitates addressing institutional disparities and variances among higher education institutions.
Organization of Turkic States: Politics, Economics, Cultural Collaborations and 2040 Vision. Edited by Yılmaz Ulvi Uzun and Hakan Kaya. Nobel, 2023.
Authors: JUMAYEV Farrukh
Published: October 2023

Organization of Turkic States: Politics, Economics, Cultural Collaborations and 2040 Vision. Edited by Yılmaz Ulvi Uzun and Hakan Kaya. Nobel, 2023.
(Dis) harmony of the procedure and the administrative procedure for the proceedings before the consul
Authors: Szewczyk Ewa , Staniszewska Lucyna
Published: October 2023

Cel pracy

Autorki poddały analizie postępowanie przed konsulem zwracając uwagę na to, czy rozwiązania wprowadzone do ustawy Prawo konsularne nie wprowadzają nieuzasadnionych odstępstw od owego „pierwowzoru”.

Materiał i metody

Wskazana tematyka, zdeterminowała wybór zastosowania jako podstawowej metody formalno-dogmatycznej. Polega ona na analizie i wykładni przepisów prawa polskiego, przy uwzględnieniu poglądów wyrażonych w doktrynie i orzecznictwie. Ustalenia zostały poczynione na podstawie badania empirycznego, przeprowadzonego za pomocą metody analizy treści materiału prawnego.

Wyniki

Autorki niniejszego opracowania skoncentrowały rozważania wokół regulacji normujących obowiązki konsula w zakresie zapewnienia przez niego uprawnionym obywatelom skutecznego dostępu do ochrony konsularnej.

Wnioski

Z założenia, konstrukcja postępowania prowadzonego przez konsula powinna pozwalać na szybkie załatwienie sprawy . Z tego względu negatywnie należy ocenić brak określenia terminu na przekazanie przez konsula akt sprawy organowi II instancji, a tym samym terminu na dokonanie autokontroli. Natomiast całkowicie pozytywnie należy ocenić wprowadzenie do Pk. Przepisów o odtwarzaniu zaginionych lub zniszczonych akt oraz doprecyzowanie przyjęte w art. 57 ust. 2 Pk. w kwestii pełnej zdolności do czynności prawnych pełnomocnika strony. Z kolei sztywny, ustawowy termin na uzupełnienie przez stronę braków pisma niewątpliwie odbiera temu trybowi jedną z pożądanych cech postępowania jakim jest elastyczność (Kmieciak, Warszawa 2014, s. 92).
Analiza niektórych rozwiązań wprowadzanych przez ustawodawcę do uregulowań usytuowanych poza Kpa prowadzi do wniosku o przydatności niektórych z nich na gruncie ogólnego postępowania administracyjnego.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in the structures of the prison service in Poland
Authors: Parczewski Rafał , Borucka Anna , Kaliciak Grzegorz , Radwan Mirosław
Published: October 2023

Cel pracy

Głównym celem badawczym było zbadanie przydatności systemu BSP do zapewnienia efektywnego wsparcia jednostek penitencjarnych w trakcie realizacji codziennych zadań służbowych. Główny problem badawczy sformułowano w postaci pytania: Jakie funkcjonalności systemu BSP są przydatne do realizacji zadań realizowanych przez SW? Główna hipoteza badawcza przyjęła formę założenia, że funkcjonalności posiadane przez BSP mogą stanowić istotne wsparcie
w wykonywaniu zadań przez funkcjonariuszy SW i stanowią element ich rozwoju, który powinien być implementowany. Zebrany materiał badaczy posłużył do sformułowania wniosków świadczących
o przydatności systemów bezzałogowych do zadań służbowych wykonywanych przez Służbę Więzienną.

Materiał i metody

Kwetsionariusz wywiadu

Wyniki

Zebrany materiał badaczy posłużył do sformułowania wniosków świadczących o przydatności systemów bezzałogowych do zadań służbowych wykonywanych przez Służbę Więzienną (SW).

Wnioski

Technologie BSP w postaci monitoringu oraz obserwacji wydają się być najbardziej pożądanymi technologiami wśród badanych funkcjonariuszy SW.
Digital transformation on a local scale
Authors: Kusto Barbara Anna , Klepacki Bogdan
Published: October 2023

Cel pracy

Celem opracowania jest próba odpowiedzi na następujące pytania badawcze: Jak należy rozumieć transformację cyfrową samorządu terytorialnego? Dlaczego wszystkie jednostki samorządu terytorialnego (jst) powinny wejść na drogę tej transformacji? Jaki wpływ ma transformacja cyfrowa na wykonywanie zadań przez samorząd terytorialny? Celem opracowania jest też ocena poziomu zaawansowania procesu transformacji cyfrowej samorządu terytorialnego na szczeblu lokalnym oraz wskazanie barier, które utrudniają ten proces.

Materiał i metody

W artykule zastosowano metodę analizy i krytyki piśmiennictwa, którą uznano za najlepszą z punktu widzenia postawionych pytań, a także ukazano wyniki sondażu diagnostycznego przeprowadzonego przy pomocy elektronicznej ankiety zawierającej 25 pytań skierowanych do sekretarzy gmin województwa świętokrzyskiego.

Wyniki

Stwierdzono niewystarczające przygotowanie gmin województwa świętokrzyskiego do procesu transformacji cyfrowej. Głównymi barierami były brak wystarczającego sprzętu ale też poziom i brak kompetencji pracowników.

Wnioski

1. Większość badanych gmin posiada stały dostęp do Internetu, który jest podstawą do wdrażania rozwiązań cyfrowych. Jednak są też jednostki, które tego dostępu nie posiadają.
2. Braki w wyposażeniu w sprzęt, zwłaszcza w urządzenia mobilne, mocno ogranicza świadczenie usług w sposób zdalny. Problemem jest też brak kadry, która ma być odpowiedzialna za proces transformacji cyfrowej urzędów.
3. Najczęściej wskazywanymi barierami transformacji cyfrowej był brak środków finansowych, ale też poziom kompetencji i postawa pracowników wobec nowych rozwiązań. Istotną barierą były niskie kompetencje odbiorców tych usług. Rozwiązania związane
z transformacją cyfrową na szczeblu lokalnym powinny objąć nie tylko administrację samorządową, ale również mieszkańców.
The beginnings of disciplinary responsibility of Polish police officers
Authors: Bednaruk Waldemar , Nieścior Bartosz
Published: October 2023

Cel pracy

Początki odpowiedzialności dyscyplinarnej funkcjonariuszy polskiej policji sięgają okresu jeszcze przed utworzeniem niepodległego państwa polskiego, zaś pierwsze regulacje zostały wydane dekretem Rady Regencyjnej w czerwcu 1918 roku. Tworzeniu struktur państwowych towarzyszył ogromny entuzjazm narodu, ale też naturalny w takiej sytuacji chaos, umożliwiający zatrudnianie jednostek nieodpowiednich, które w kolejnych latach istnienia policji usuwano z jej szeregów na mocy przepisów dyscyplinarnych. Prezentowany tekst przedstawia proces narodzin policji państwowej, ale przed wszystkim tworzenie i stosowanie wobec jej funkcjonariuszy norm prawa umożliwiającego pociąganie ich do odpowiedzialności służbowej.

Materiał i metody

Tekst powstał w oparciu o materiały źródłowe, do których analizy użyto w pierwszej kolejności metody dogmatyczno - prawnej i historycznej.

Wyniki

W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań powstał artykuł o doniosłym znaczeniu dla polskiej nauki.

Wnioski

Ambicją elit politycznych odrodzonego w 1918 roku państwa polskiego było utworzenie sprawnego, zdyscyplinowanego, skutecznego i przyjaznego obywatelom korpusu funkcjonariuszy publicznych. Jednym z narzędzi do osiągnięcia tego celu miał być wysoce wydolny system wykrywania i ścigania deliktów dyscyplinarnych. Uważano, iż tylko uczciwa i w doskonałym stopniu moralna kadra urzędnicza może zapewnić właściwą obsługę obywatelom państwa wytęsknionego przez wiele pokoleń Polaków. Szczególną rolę w tym systemie pełnili funkcjonariusze policji państwowej, dlatego im poświęcano wiele uwagi i wysiłku. Zmierzano do realizacji tego celu konsekwentnie i już w pierwszych latach istnienia państwowości polskiej stworzono sprawnie działający organizm skutecznie usuwający z szeregów urzędniczych nieodpowiednie jednostki.
Children's rights in the statutes of primary and secondary schools
Authors: Perkowska-Klejman Anna , Bielenin-Palęcka Daria
Published: October 2023

Cel pracy

Główne pytanie prezentowanych badań brzmiało – czy, a jeśli tak, to w jaki sposób, prawa dziecka, zawarte w Konwencji o prawach dziecka, są uwzględnione w statutach szkół podstawowych i ponadpodstawowych, w rozdziałach, dotyczących praw i obowiązków ucznia. Celem było ustalenie, w jakim stopniu osoby, będące autorami statutów, pojmują ideę praw dziecka i dają jej wyraz, w tworzonych dokumentach.

Materiał i metody

Badania poprzedziłyśmy wskazaniem podstaw prawnych konstruowania statutu szkolnego, omówienie katalogu praw dziecka, w świetle Konwencji o prawach dziecka oraz w kontekście kompetencji szkół. Badania zostały przeprowadzone techniką analizy dokumentów – ilościową i jakościową oraz metodą krytycznej analizy dyskursu.

Wyniki

Przeprowadzona analiza dokumentów, w naszej ocenie, wykazała, że statuty szkolne w części, dotyczącej praw dziecka, pomimo upływu lat od ich stworzenia oraz dwukrotnej zmiany przepisów prawa (w 2001 oraz w 2017 roku), pozostały niezmienione, zaś ich zapisy w znacznej większości nie są sformułowaniami autorskimi, odpowiadającymi na potrzeby konkretnej szkoły, ani nie są adekwatne do współczesnych standardów w rozumieniu i upowszechnianiu praw dziecka.

Wnioski

Wyniki przeprowadzonego badania uświadomiły nam w bardzo wyraźny sposób jak daleka droga przed osobami, działającymi na rzecz upowszechniania praw dziecka oraz ich jak najpełniejszego zabezpieczenia, w każdym aspekcie życia. Wykazały, że problem z rozumieniem i opisem idei praw dziecka występuje, i to w szerokiej skali.
Photoacoustic imaging of visually evoked cortical and subcortical hemodynamic activity in mouse brain: feasibility study with piezoelectric and capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) arrays
Authors: Chang Kai-Wei , Belekov Ermek , Wang Xueding , Wong Kwoon Y. , Oralkan Ömer , Xu Guan
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the feasibility of capturing visually evoked hemodynamic responses in the mouse brain using photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and ultrasound (US) dual-modality imaging. A commercial piezoelectric transducer array and a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array were compared using a programmable PAT-US imaging system. The system resolution was measured by imaging phantoms. We also tested the ability of the system to capture visually evoked hemodynamic responses in the superior colliculus as well as the primary visual cortex in wild-type mice. Results show that the piezoelectric transducer array and the CMUT array exhibit comparable imaging performance, and both arrays can capture visually evoked hemodynamic responses in subcortical as well as cortical regions of the mouse brain.
Inverse Compton gamma-ray source driven by a plasma flying mirror
Authors: Zheng Xiaolong
Published: October 2023

All-optical sources of inverse Compton scattering can deliver X- and gamma-rays with ultrashort duration, small size, and ultrahigh brilliance, having attracted great attention worldwide. Here, we study the possibility of a novel scheme for a Compton gamma-ray source based on the combination of relativistic electrons from laser-wakefield acceleration and a plasma flying mirror (PFM). In this all-optical setup, an intense laser pulse accelerates electrons to relativistic energies and is then reflected and amplified simultaneously by the PFM driven by another counter-propagating high-intensity pulse. The back-reflected laser pulse is scattered by the energetic electrons, resulting in the gamma photon emission. In the one-dimensional (1D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation, the laser reflected by PFM can get much higher intensity due to the relativistic Doppler effect and generate high-energy gamma photons when colliding with the electrons, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction. However, because of the lateral instability, the significant amplification of the reflected laser is weakened in the 2D simulation. Compared to the simulation without PFM, the maximum energy of the emitted photons is increased by 100 MeV, and the yield of high-energy photons with energies between 100 and 400 MeV is also increased.
Hybrid inverse design scheme for nanophotonic devices based on encoder-aided unsupervised and supervised learning
Authors: Yu Shuai , Zhang Tian , Dai Jian , Xu Kun
Published: October 2023

Machine learning methods have been regarded as practical tools for the inverse design of nanophotonic devices. However, for the devices with complex expected targets, such as the spectrum with multiple peaks and valleys, there are still many sufferings remaining for these data-driven approaches, such as overfitting. To resolve it, we firstly propose a hybrid inverse design scheme combining supervised and unsupervised learning. Compared with the previous inverse design schemes based on artificial neural networks (ANNs), clustering algorithms and an encoder model are introduced for data preprocessing. A typical metamaterial composed of multiple metal strips that can produce tunable dual plasmon-induced transparency phenomena is designed to verify the performance of our proposed hybrid scheme. Compared with the ANNs directly trained by the entire dataset, the loss functions (mean squared error) of the ANNs in our hybrid scheme can be effectively reduced by more than 51% for both training and test datasets under the same training conditions. Our hybrid scheme paves an efficient improvement for the inverse design tasks with complex targets.
Generation of a modulated versatile spiral beam with varying intensity distribution along the propagation
Authors: Li Fajing , Yu Xinyang , Song Junan , Ji Pengfei , Ma Jun , Yuan Caojin
Published: October 2023

A new type of versatile spiral beam (VSB) is generated based on the competition mechanism between the self-focusing property of ring Airy beam and metalens phase distribution, which exhibits twisted properties and optical bottle structure along the propagation direction. The number of spiral lobes, rotation direction, shape and magnification times on the cross section of the proposed beam can be customized by flexibly tuning diffraction distance, topological charge and constant parameter. Therefore, the VSB can be viewed as tunable three-dimensional (3D) spiral beam, and our scheme has the superiority with more diverse and tunable intensity distribution. The properties of intensity distribution variation depended on the propagation distance and topological charge are demonstrated convincingly by employing the Poynting vector intuitive presentation the energy flow. The VSBs with the aid of above-mentioned properties are beneficial for guiding microparticles along the designed spiral path and capturing multiple microparticles into the closed dark regions. Finally, the modulated spiral beams are implemented as tool for particle manipulation in the three dimensional space to demonstrate the advantages of the modulated spiral beam and we can observe the stable trapping of the particles.
Semi-spontaneous temporal evolution of relief/fluorescence hybrid gratings for holographic encryption
Authors: Tao Yuxin , Liu Hongfang , Wang Xiuli , Liu Zhong , Li Xin , Miao Jingying , Fu Shencheng , Zhang Xintong
Published: October 2023

Holographic systems can reconstruct the entire wavefront of light which are developed as an excellent platform of information encryption. Although holography has utilized multiple modulation dimensions, little attention is given to its combination with fluorescence emitting. Herein, we propose a semi-spontaneous time-dependent encryption strategy of hybrid holographic fringes with surface relief and fluorescent emission mediated by a plasmonic polymer doped with fluorescent dyes. It is found that the two kinds of optical characteristic regions exhibit unique temporal evolution from the overlapped mode to the staggered one. The mode switching is closely related to the strong quenching effect of gold ions and nanoparticles which are dominant at the early and later recording stages, respectively. Thus, the real and deceptive information are recorded at different holographic writing periods. High-secret information of texts or images is constructed by the array of different sets of holographic fringes and is identified by comparing the dual-channel results of confocal laser scanning microscopes. This work puts a bright way to dynamic holographic encryption.
Nonlinear-mirror mode-locked crystal waveguide laser by intracavity fourth-harmonic loss modulation
Authors: Li Guotai , Han Jiakun , Li Shuai , Zhao Jing , Zhu Zhanda , Hui Yongling , Lei Hong , Li Qiang
Published: October 2023

We present a nonlinear-mirror (NLM) mode-locked crystal waveguide
laser. By adding nonlinear crystals into traditional NLM devices, the
fourth harmonic is generated to form loss modulation, which suppresses
the Q-switching instability of mode-locked lasers and achieves the
optimal equivalent transmittance. The NLM mode-locked laser delivers
∼30 W average power with a repetition rate of
32.2 MHz and a pulse width of 950 fs. It is revealed
that this novel, to the best of our knowledge, design with simple,
robust, and reliable structure has a great potential in the
development of high-power mode-locked laser.
Genome-wide census of ATF4 binding sites and functional profiling of trait-associated genetic variants overlapping ATF4 binding motifs
Authors: Örd Tiit , Örd Daima , Adler Priit , Örd Tõnis
Published: October 2023

Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4) is an important regulator of gene expression in stress responses and developmental processes in many cell types. Here, we catalogued ATF4 binding sites in the human genome and identified overlaps with trait-associated genetic variants. We probed these genetic variants for allelic regulatory activity using a massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) in HepG2 hepatoma cells exposed to tunicamycin to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and ATF4 upregulation. The results revealed that in the majority of cases, the MPRA allelic activity of these SNPs was in agreement with the nucleotide preference seen in the ATF4 binding motif from ChIP-Seq. Luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assays in additional cellular models further confirmed ATF4-dependent regulatory effects for the SNPs rs532446 (GADD45A intronic; linked to hematological parameters), rs7011846 (LPL upstream; myocardial infarction), rs2718215 (diastolic blood pressure), rs281758 (psychiatric disorders) and rs6491544 (educational attainment). CRISPR-Cas9 disruption and/or deletion of the regulatory elements harboring rs532446 and rs7011846 led to the downregulation of GADD45A and LPL, respectively. Thus, these SNPs could represent examples of GWAS genetic variants that affect gene expression by altering ATF4-mediated transcriptional activation.
Changes in mobility patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia: Implications for the effectiveness of NPIs in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Loisate Stacie , Mutembo Simon , Arambepola Rohan , Makungo Kabondo , Kabalo Elliot N. , Sinyange Nyambe B. , Kapata Nathan , Liwewe Mazyanga , Silumezi Andrew , Chongwe Gershom , Kostandova Natalya , Truelove Shaun , Wesolowski Amy
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many facets of human behavior, including human mobility partially driven by the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as stay at home orders, travel restrictions, and workplace and school closures. Given the importance of human mobility in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, there have been an increase in analyses of mobility data to understand the COVID-19 pandemic to date. However, despite an abundance of these analyses, few have focused on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Here, we use mobile phone calling data to provide a spatially refined analysis of sub-national human mobility patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020-July 2021 in Zambia using transmission and mobility models. Overall, among highly trafficked intra-province routes, mobility decreased up to 52% during the time of the strictest NPIs (March-May 2020) compared to baseline. However, despite dips in mobility during the first wave of COVID-19 cases, mobility returned to baseline levels and did not drop again suggesting COVID-19 cases did not influence mobility in subsequent waves.
Two-decade trends and factors associated with overweight and obesity among young adults in Nepal
Authors: Shakya Sujata , Absetz Pilvikki , Neupane Subas
Published: October 2023

Overweight and obesity are global epidemics in the adult population, and also affect young people. This study estimated the long-term trend (1996–2019) of overweight and obesity among young adults aged 18 to 29 years in Nepal by sex based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and Asian cut-offs for body mass index (BMI). We also investigated the demographic factors associated with overweight and obesity in the latest survey. This study utilized data from nationwide studies, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) and WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) surveys. The trends in overweight and obesity were studied using trend analysis and joinpoint regression. Average annual percent changes (AAPCs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the trends. Multivariable logistic regression was used to study the factors associated with overweight and obesity. The study findings showed significant upward trends in both overweight and obesity for women with AAPCs of 10.5 (95% CI 6.4–14.7) and 15.8 (95% CI 10.9–20.8) respectively. In the 25–29 age-group, the prevalence of overweight/obesity increased among women from 2.2% to 24.7% between 1996 and 2019, and among men from 8.8% to 25.4% between 2007 and 2019. Increased odds of overweight (AOR 9.15, 95% CI 6.64–12.60), and obesity (AOR 42.09, 95% CI 10.12–175.04) were found in 2019 compared to 1996. Older age and female sex, being married and urban residence were significantly associated with overweight and obesity. In conclusion, this study showed rapid upward trends in overweight and obesity among young adults in Nepal with an accelerated trend among women; the predictors for overweight were older age, female sex and married status, and those for obesity were older age, female sex, and urban residence.
Design of online combinatorial auction mechanism for urban land transfer
Authors: Wang Yajuan , Zhang Yan
Published: October 2023

With the wide application of the "Tender, Auction, and Listing" system for land in China, it is of paramount importance to establish a sound land auction mechanism so as to avoid unreasonable land allocation. However, existing studies only focus on developers who are merely concerned about land combinations and offline auctions with low efficiency and high land unsold rate. To further improve land auction mechanism, we modeled the problem of land allocation as an online combinatorial auction. On this basis, we defined a land correction coefficient and designed an optimal online combinatorial auction mechanism that enabled developers to submit multiple combinations of land. Our designed mechanism proved to satisfy both incentive compatibility (IC) and individual rationality (IR), which can prevent developers from lying in the auction while winning higher revenue, reducing land unsold rate, increasing developer turnover rate and promoting the stability of land resource allocation rate. Therefore, online combinatorial auction mechanism, both applicable and efficient, is a practical solution for improving land auctions in China.
Intermediate gray matter interneurons in the lumbar spinal cord play a critical and necessary role in coordinated locomotion
Authors: Kuehn Naëmi , Schwarz Andreas , Beretta Carlo Antonio , Schwarte Yvonne , Schmitt Francesca , Motsch Melanie , Weidner Norbert , Puttagunta Radhika
Published: October 2023

Locomotion is a complex task involving excitatory and inhibitory circuitry in spinal gray matter. While genetic knockouts examine the function of individual spinal interneuron (SpIN) subtypes, the phenotype of combined SpIN loss remains to be explored. We modified a kainic acid lesion to damage intermediate gray matter (laminae V-VIII) in the lumbar spinal enlargement (spinal L2-L4) in female rats. A thorough, tailored behavioral evaluation revealed deficits in gross hindlimb function, skilled walking, coordination, balance and gait two weeks post-injury. Using a Random Forest algorithm, we combined these behavioral assessments into a highly predictive binary classification system that strongly correlated with structural deficits in the rostro-caudal axis. Machine-learning quantification confirmed interneuronal damage to laminae V-VIII in spinal L2-L4 correlates with hindlimb dysfunction. White matter alterations and lower motoneuron loss were not observed with this KA lesion. Animals did not regain lost sensorimotor function three months after injury, indicating that natural recovery mechanisms of the spinal cord cannot compensate for loss of laminae V-VIII neurons. As gray matter damage accounts for neurological/walking dysfunction in instances of spinal cord injury affecting the cervical or lumbar enlargement, this research lays the groundwork for new neuroregenerative therapies to replace these lost neuronal pools vital to sensorimotor function.
Is sugar as sweet to the palate as seeds are appetizing to the belly? Taste responsiveness to five food-associated carbohydrates in zoo-housed white-faced sakis, Pithecia pithecia
Authors: Redin Hurtado Mikel , Fischer Ida , Laska Matthias
Published: October 2023

Differences in taste perception between species are thought to reflect evolutionary adaptations to dietary specialization. White-faced sakis (Pithecia pithecia) are commonly considered as frugivores but are unusual among primates as they do not serve as seed dispersers but rather prey upon the seeds of the fruits they consume and are thought to exploit the lipids and proteins that these seeds contain in high amounts. Using a two-bottle preference test of short duration we therefore assessed whether this dietary specialization affects the taste responsiveness of four adult white-faced sakis for five food-associated carbohydrates. We found that the sakis significantly preferred concentrations as low as 10 mM sucrose, 10–40 mM fructose, 20–30 mM glucose and maltose, and 30–40 mM lactose over tap water. When given the choice between all binary combinations of these five saccharides presented at equimolar concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 mM, respectively, the sakis displayed significant preferences for individual saccharides in the following order: sucrose > fructose > glucose ≥ maltose = lactose. These results demonstrate that seed-predating white-faced sakis have a well-developed taste sensitivity for food-associated carbohydrates which is not inferior to that of most other primates including seed-dispersing frugivores, but rather ranks among the more sweet-taste sensitive species. Further, they show that their pattern of relative preference for the five carbohydrates is similar to that found in other frugivorous primate species. These findings may represent an example of Liem’s paradox as the sakis’ morphological adaptations to efficiently predate on and exploit the lipid- and protein-rich hard-shelled seeds of fruits does not compromise their ability to detect the carbohydrates found in the pulp of fruits at low concentrations.
The risk of bleeding and perforation from sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy in colorectal cancer screening: A systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Kindt Isabella Skaarup , Martiny Frederik Handberg Juul , Gram Emma Grundtvig , Bie Anne Katrine Lykke , Jauernik Christian Patrick , Rahbek Or Joseph , Nielsen Sigrid Brisson , Siersma Volkert , Bang Christine Winther , Brodersen John Brandt
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Physical harm from Colorectal Cancer Screening tends to be inadequately measured and reported in clinical trials. Also, studies of ongoing Colorectal Cancer Screening programs have found more frequent and severe physical harm from screening procedures, e.g., bleeding and perforation, than reported in previous trials. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to systematically review the evidence on the risk of bleeding and perforation in Colorectal Cancer Screening.

Design

Systematic review with descriptive statistics and random-effects meta-analyses.

Methods

We systematically searched five databases for studies investigating physical harms related to Colorectal Cancer Screening. We assessed the internal and the external validity using the ROBINS-I tool and the GRADE approach. Harm estimates was calculated using mixed Poisson regression models in random-effect meta-analyses.

Results

We included 89 studies. Reporting and measurement of harms was inadequate in most studies. In effect, the risk of bias was critical in 97.3% and serious in 98.3% of studies. All GRADE ratings were very low. Based on severe findings with not-critical risk of bias and 30 days follow-up, the risk of bleedings per 100,000 people screened were 8 [2;24] for sigmoidoscopy, 229 [129;408] for colonoscopy following fecal immunochemical test, 68 [39;118] for once-only colonoscopy, and 698 [443;1045] for colonoscopy following any screening tests. The risk of perforations was 88 [56;138] for colonoscopy following fecal immunochemical test and 53 [25;112] for once-only colonoscopy. There were no findings within the subcategory severe perforation with long-term follow-up for colonoscopy following any screening tests and sigmoidoscopy.

Discussion

Harm estimates varied widely across studies, reporting and measurement of harms was mostly inadequate, and the risk of bias and GRADE ratings were very poor, collectively leading to underestimation of harm. In effect, we consider our estimates of perforation and bleeding as conservative, highlighting the need for better reporting and measurement in future studies.

Trial registration

PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017058844.
Correlates of healthcare-seeking behavior for acute gastroenteritis—United States, October 1, 2016 –September 30, 2017
Authors: Hallowell Benjamin D. , Burke Rachel M. , Salas S. Bianca , Groom Holly , Donald Judy L. , Mattison Claire P. , Schmidt Mark A. , Hall Aron J.
Published: October 2023

Background

In the United States, public health surveillance systems often underestimate the burden of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) because they only identify disease among those who interact with the healthcare system.

Objective

To identify factors associated with healthcare-seeking behavior among individuals experiencing community-acquired AGE.

Methods

From October 2016 –September 2017, we conducted a weekly, age-stratified, random sample of Kaiser Permanente Northwest members located in northwest Oregon and southwest Washington, United States. Individuals who completed the online survey and experienced AGE were included in the analysis. Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to identify predictors of healthcare-seeking behavior.

Results

Of the 3,894 survey respondents, 395 experienced an AGE episode and were eligible for analysis, of whom, 82 (21%) sought care for their AGE episode. In the final multivariable model, individuals with a concurrent fever (odds ratio [OR]: 4.76, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.48–9.13), increased diarrhea duration (≥6 days vs 1–4 days, OR: 4.22, 95% CI: 1.78–10.03), or increased vomiting duration (≥3 days vs 1 days, OR: 2.97, 95% CI: 1.22–7.26), were significantly more likely to seek healthcare. In the adjusted model, no sociodemographic or chronic disease variables were associated with healthcare-seeking behavior.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that individuals with a short duration of AGE and those without concurrent fever are underrepresented in healthcare facility-based surveillance systems.
Beauty hacks, wardrobe suggestions and DIY regimes for a Muslim bride: Analysis of bridal beauty vlogs
Authors: K. Athira B.
Published: October 2023

Drawing on beauty vlogs uploaded on specific Malayalam YouTube channels, the article documents the digitally mediated circulation of bodily and sartorial norms for a Muslim bride from the region of Kerala. The study explores how fashion vlogging and social media participation assist in furthering the imageries of Malayali Muslim women as neo-liberal feminine subjects by placing the role of consumption as consequential to the emerging sources of their identity. It is proposed that these vlogs catalyse the creation of a Muslim womanhood at the conjectures of cultural notions of modesty, faith and identity aspirations, arguably in the backdrop of transnational Islam and free market ideology. Furthermore, the study hints at the limitations of the analytical device of ‘Brand Islam’ in explaining facets associated with a bridal beautification scene, where the bodily and sartorial prescriptions are mediated by the diversity of co-participants involved and variations in the sartorial references endorsed.