bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic-drive roll movement control of a spray boom using adaptive robust control strategy
Authors: Cui Longfei , Mao Hanping , Xue Xinyu
Published: February 2019

Undesired movements of the spray boom are the main causes of an irregular spray distribution of agro-chemicals; the rolling motion of the boom is particularly significant. This article presents an adaptive robust control scheme for the active pendulum boom suspension to control the roll motion of the spray boom with electro-hydraulic actuators. A hybrid model which combines an analytical modeling procedure with identification techniques of a 28-m spray boom with active suspension is developed. Then, a model-based adaptive robust controller is designed for the precision motion control of the boom, with consideration of the nonlinearities such as uncompensated friction and disturbances and the effect of parameter variations coming from the various hydraulic parameters. A sprayer boom suspension system test rig combined with a 6-degree-of-freedom motion simulator is specifically designed and developed to verify the control scheme; the proposed controller and proportional–integral controller have been implemented on a laboratory experiment. Experimental results reveal that the proposed controller can guarantee a prescribed transient performance and tracking accuracy in the presence of both parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities; it also means that the model-based adaptive robust control scheme is effective in roll movement control of the spray boom, and then the uniformity of spray distribution can be guaranteed.
Study on the settlement of large-span metro station’s baseplate caused by the tunnels newly built beneath it
Authors: Huo Runke , Zhou Pengyuan , Song Zhanping , Wang Junbao , Li Shihao , Zhang Yuwei
Published: February 2019

The influence of tunnel excavation on adjacent buildings or structures must be considered when new tunnels pass through existing buildings or structures. In this article, based on the project of the Aotidong-Aotizhongxin section of Shenyang Metro Line 9 passing through the existing Aotizhongxin station of Line 2, the numerical simulation was employed to research the settlement laws of the existing station’s baseplate by four methods, namely the full-face excavation method, the benching tunneling method, the side heading method, and the center diaphragm (CD) method. Based on the results of numerical calculations, in order to ensure the safe and normal operation of existing station, it was recommended to use the CD method to construct the new tunnels. At the same time, the advanced deep hole grouting reinforcement technology and jack-up technology should be adopted in the process to reduce settlement of the station’s baseplate. The CD method proved applicability in the project by comparing the field-monitoring data with the numerical calculation results. The results can provide reference for the design and construction of similar projects in the future.
A novel fault diagnosis approach of a mechanical system based on meta-action unit
Authors: Zhang Xiaogang , Zhang Genbao , Li Yulong , Ran Yan , Wang Hongwei , Gong Xiansheng
Published: February 2019

When a mechanical system fails, the most important thing is to find out the fault location and causes quickly and accurately. Based on the meta-action unit, this article proposes a comprehensive, qualitative, and quantitative fault diagnosis method composed of fault tree analysis and evidential network to analyze faults of the mechanical system. First, we expand the function–motion–action decomposition method, revise the definitions of meta-action and meta-action unit derived from the function–motion–action decomposition of the complex mechanical system, use the fault tree analysis approach to analyze the faults of the meta-action unit instead of the system directly, and establish the meta-action unit fault tree analysis (MU-FTA) model with simple levels. These activities can tremendously simplify the qualitative diagnostic model. Second, the MU-FTA model is mapped to the evidential network model according to their similarities. Finally, we fuse the after-sales data and expert experience information by Dempster’s combination rule to calculate the basic probability assignments of the parent nodes in the bottom layer of the evidential network model. Thus, the basic probability assignments of meta-action units are obtained by network transmission and the diagnostic conclusion is acquired. The fault diagnosis of a certain type of numerical control turntable is conducted as an example to demonstrate and verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Fixed-grid hole-shape optimization for opening structures using smoothly deformable implicit curve
Authors: Xu Wentao , Wang Honglu , Cai Shouyu , Ma Huizhong
Published: February 2019

Hole-shape optimization for opening structures can effectively alleviate the hole-edge stress concentration; however, it requires high precision of stress analysis and high geometrical deformation capacity of the hole-edge curves. Therefore, the finite cell method is adopted in this work for high-precision numerical analysis within the fixed mesh, and the smoothly deformable implicit curve is proposed to describe the boundary to be optimized. After deriving analytical sensitivity analysis formulas, we built a hole-shape optimization design framework having high precision and high efficiency. Through hole-shape optimization in opening structures under different load boundary conditions, the proposed framework exhibited several advantages such as no mesh updating, simple sensitivity derivation, high analytical precision, and large design space.
Review on model-based methods for on-board condition monitoring in railway vehicle dynamics
Authors: Strano Salvatore , Terzo Mario
Published: February 2019

This article performs an extensive review on condition monitoring techniques for rail vehicle dynamics. In particular, the review focuses on applications of model-based approaches for on-board condition monitoring systems. The article covers condition monitoring schemes, fault detection strategies as well as theoretical aspects of different techniques. Case studies and experimental applications are also summarized. All the mentioned issues are discussed with the goal of providing a detailed overview on condition monitoring in railway vehicle dynamics.
Dynamic pricing model for cruising taxicab based on system dynamics
Authors: Jin Yu-Ming , Ye Xiao-Fei , Liu Wen-Li , Wang Tao , Wang Haizhong
Published: February 2019

The cruising taxi industry has been greatly impacted by the development of the ride-hailing taxi services like the Didi and Uber. The service orders of cruising taxis fell 35% or more. To intervene the conflicts between the cruising and ride-hailing taxis, system dynamics model of cruising taxicab price was proposed by considering the competitive relationships between online ride-hailing and cruising taxis. The proposed model was calibrated and validated by the taxi operational data in Ningbo. Simulation experiments were designed to explore the impact of the cruising taxi price changes on the balance of market supply and demand. Simulations were divided into two scenarios: one was under the different levels of supply and demand at peak and low peak; the other was under the different proportions of ride-hailing taxi. The results indicate that (1) the market supply and demand are close to equilibrium during peak hours when the price increases by ¥0.6 per kilometer. The increased price can reduce the peak demand level effectively and also increase the total earning of cruising taxis; (2) when the service order ratio of cruising taxis to ride-hailing taxis accounts for about 10:4.5 and 10:8, the price increases by ¥0.6 per kilometer and decreases by ¥0.4 per kilometer to achieve the equilibrium of demand and supply, respectively. That is, when the cruising taxis have an advantage over the ride-hailing taxis, the price of cruising taxis should be raised to gain more benefits. Instead, the cruising taxis price should be decreased to improve their competitiveness.
Advanced maintenance cycle optimization of urban rail transit vehicles
Authors: Xu Yong-neng , Qiao Qiao , Wu Ren-fei , Zhou Zhu-ping
Published: February 2019

With the development of the economy and the increase in passenger flow, the contradiction between urban rail transit demand and capacity is becoming more and more prominent. Increasing the number of on-line vehicles can ease this situation. Because of no increase in investment, the total number of subway vehicles is fixed. And the total vehicles include the maintenance vehicles and the on-line vehicles. Therefore, this article aims to optimize advanced maintenance cycle, so that the maintenance vehicles reduce and the on-line vehicles increase. First, the minimum value of the key components safe and reliable operating mileage is determined. Then, the Queuing Theory is used to obtain the optimized advanced maintenance cycle. Finally, reasonable maintenance plans are arranged based on the optimized maintenance cycle. The on-line vehicles increase by the optimized advanced maintenance cycle, which can relieve passenger flow pressure and meet urban rail transit demand. In addition, the reasonable maintenance plans can ensure that vehicles at the same level of reliability and within the specified mileage to complete the advanced maintenance and ensure the safe and reliable operation of vehicles.
Topology optimization of three-translational degree-of-freedom spatial compliant mechanism
Authors: Zhu Dachang , Feng Yanping , Zhan Wanghu
Published: February 2019

Considering that the Jacobian matrix maps the velocity of the joint space of the robot to the end velocity of the Cartesian space, a novel topology optimization approach is proposed in this article for the design of three-translational degree-of-freedom spatial compliant mechanisms by combining the optimized Jacobian mapping matrix with the solid isotropic material with penalization topological method. First, by using the condition number method, the structural parameters of Universal-Prismatic-Universal (UPU)-type parallel prototype manipulator are optimized, and then, the differential Jacobian mapping matrix is calculated by using equivalent infinitesimal method. Second, comparing with the driver configuration and twist/wrench constraint conditions of the UPU-type parallel prototype manipulator, the topological algorithm combining solid isotropic material with penalization with optimized Jacobian mapping matrix is proposed. Finally, a novel spatial compliant mechanism with three-translational degree-of-freedom is derived, and numerical simulation results are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A research of spinning machine: Effect of different structures of feed system on the static and dynamic characteristics
Authors: Luo Wei , Lu Bo , Zheng Hongwei , Guo Yaming , Huang Tao
Published: February 2019

The ball screw and linear guide are important transmission components of a feed system, and their structure directly influences the static and dynamic characteristics of a machine tool. This study used finite element analysis to analyze the static and dynamic characteristics of the spinning machine with different structural designs. Results showed that the feed system is the key functional component that influences the static and dynamic characteristics of the entire machine. A design method is proposed for the structural optimization of the spinning machine based on the structure of the ball screw and the linear guide. Four three-roller models and five counter-roller models are established. A single-factor analysis method is adopted for the contrastive analysis of the static and dynamic characteristics. Finally, the structure of computer numerical control spinning machine with the optimal feed system structure is optimized. The analysis indicates that the reasonable optimization of the structure of the ball screw and the linear guide can effectively improve the optimization efficiency and substantially improve the static and dynamic characteristics of the computer numerical control spinning machine.
Low magnetic disturbance analysis and testing of a novel proof mass type for gravitational reference sensor system
Authors: Zhao Zeyang , Wang Zhaokui , Zhang Yulin
Published: February 2019

The proof mass used for gravitational-wave or Earth-gravity-field detection is usually comprised of materials such as gold–platinum alloys, which have a high density and low magnetic susceptibility, in order to reduce the magnetic disturbance produced by the geomagnetic field and the spacecraft itself. This article highlights a novel alloy composed of gold and iridium and having a 17-mm diameter spherical proof mass. Three solid samples of 5 × 5 × 3 mm are presented for application in an inner satellite or proof mass based on an inner-formation flying system. The magnitudes of magnetic susceptibility of gold and iridium are of approximately the same order. A wide range of mixture ratios for gold and iridium are compared to those of gold and platinum with the same magnetic susceptibility. The density and magnetic susceptibility of the new alloy are evaluated. It is noted that the magnetic susceptibility can reach orders of 10−5, and the magnetic disturbance on proof mass can be reduced to less than 10−10 m/s2, which satisfies the inner-formation flying system requirement.
Control of power-augmenting lower extremity exoskeleton while walking with heavy payload
Authors: Choi Byunghun , Seo Changhoon , Lee Sanghoon , Kim Byungun
Published: February 2019

This article presents a design and control framework for a prototype of lower extremity exoskeleton to enhance the human strength during locomotion. The hybrid control strategy is practically applied according to the two gait phases, that is, stance and swing. The weight shift method based on human’s weight shift information was proposed and implemented to acquire the detection of gait phase. In the stance phase, a stiff virtual wall method is applied to support the entire weight of the exoskeleton while carrying a heavy payload. Direct feedback and feed-forward torque control are used to reduce mechanical impedance in the swing phase. In experiments, to verify the performance of the proposed control strategy, a human subject wearing the prototype of power-augmenting lower extremity exoskeleton was able to walk with a 50-kg (110-lb) payload at a maximum speed of 1.67 m/s (6 km/h). Satisfactory results were obtained with regard to walking experiments with the heavy payload.
Distal radioulnar joint configurations in three-dimensional computed tomography in patients with idiopathic ulnar impaction syndrome
Authors: Kim Jihyeung , Cho Jaewoo , Lee Yo-Han , Oh Sohee , Gong Hyun Sik , Baek Goo Hyun
Published: February 2019

We retrospectively reviewed 26 patients diagnosed with idiopathic ulnar impaction syndrome and measured the slopes of the sigmoid notch and ulnar head at their centre using their preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography. We found that the slope of the sigmoid notch and that of the ulnar head were not parallel to each other. There was a significant linear relation between the slope of the ulnar head and the changes in the closest joint space of the distal radioulnar joint at the centre of the sigmoid notch after ulnar shortening. We conclude that the slope of the ulnar head is more strongly correlated with changes in the closest joint space in the distal radioulnar joint than that of the sigmoid notch. Our findings suggest that slope of the ulnar head might be as important a predisposing factor as that of the sigmoid notch for the progression of distal radioulnar joint arthritis after ulnar-shortening osteotomy. We should consider the slopes of both the sigmoid notch and ulnar head before the osteotomy.

Level of evidence: IV
A Framework for Designing Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation Facilities: A New Approach Using Interdisciplinary Value-Focused Thinking
Authors: Lipson-Smith Ruby , Churilov Leonid , Newton Clare , Zeeman Heidi , Bernhardt Julie
Published: February 2019

Aim:

To use Value-Focused Thinking to investigate what is important in the design of inpatient stroke rehabilitation facility buildings.

Background:

Many stroke patients require inpatient rehabilitation in a dedicated facility. Rehabilitation facilities are healthcare spaces, but they are also learning spaces where patients practice targeted tasks to acquire new skills and to reacquire skills and abilities that were compromised as a result of their stroke. There is currently no consensus regarding how the design of inpatient rehabilitation facilities could be optimized for patients’ learning.

Method:

We used Value-Focused Thinking to develop a framework of what interdisciplinary experts consider important for inpatient stroke rehabilitation facility design. Two workshops were conducted. The following experts were invited to participate: past patients with experience of stroke rehabilitation; stroke rehabilitation clinicians; stroke rehabilitation academics; healthcare environments academics; learning environments academics; architects, designers, and wayfinders with experience designing healthcare or learning environments; and healthcare design policy makers.

Results:

Thirty experts participated. The experts’ final framework included 16 criteria that were considered fundamentally important for inpatient stroke rehabilitation facility design, and 14 criteria that were considered instrumentally important. Inpatient stroke rehabilitation facility design should maximize efficiency, maximize effectiveness (i.e., patients’ clinical and functional outcomes), foster emotional well-being, and maximize safety. Opportunities to practice physical, cognitive, and social activity were considered important for patients’ outcomes.

Conclusions:

Value-Focused Thinking was an effective and equitable means of engaging experts from multiple disciplines. Designers, planners, and developers of inpatient stroke rehabilitation facilities should consider the rehabilitation-specific framework developed in this study alongside evidence from other healthcare settings.
68Ga-DOTA-E-[c(RGDfK)]2 positron emission tomography–computed tomography in the evaluation of hepatic hemangioendothelioma epithelioid
Authors: Soldevilla-Gallardo Irma , Medina-Ornelas Sevastian S , Davanzo Jenny , Pedrero-Piedras Roberto
Published: February 2019

Hemangioendothelioma epithelioid is a rare tumor that originates in soft tissues. Imaging evaluation with conventional modalities (tomography and magnetic resonance) is difficult. Novel radiotracers which capably evaluate angiogenesis may have a higher impact on the therapeutic decisions. A 45-year-old man underwent workup for thrombosis and was diagnosed with hemangioendothelioma epithelioid based on the results of liver pathology and immunohistochemistry. The decision of the multidisciplinary board was to begin with thalidomide. After 4 months, progression of disease was documented and right hepatectomy was performed. A 68Ga-DOTA-E-[c(RGDfK)]2 positron emission tomography–computed tomography scan showed residual lesions. After documented angiogenesis by 68Ga-DOTA-E-[c(RGDfK)]2 positron emission tomography–computed tomography, nintedanib was administrated. And 1 year later, progression of the disease was documented by positron emission tomography–computed tomography. Ipilimumab plus nivolumab was started and partial response and excellent clinical response were documented. Molecular imaging with 68Ga-DOTA-E-[c(RGDfK)]2 positron emission tomography–computed tomography is a good biomarker of the response of hemangioendothelioma epithelioid, and ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy demonstrated a good response.
Object Visibility, Not Energy Expenditure, Accounts For Spatial Biases in Human Grasp Selection
Authors: Maiello Guido , Paulun Vivian C. , Klein Lina K. , Fleming Roland W.
Published: February 2019

Humans exhibit spatial biases when grasping objects. These biases may be due to actors attempting to shorten their reaching movements and therefore minimize energy expenditures. An alternative explanation could be that they arise from actors attempting to minimize the portion of a grasped object occluded from view by the hand. We reanalyze data from a recent study, in which a key condition decouples these two competing hypotheses. The analysis reveals that object visibility, not energy expenditure, most likely accounts for spatial biases observed in human grasping.
Perceived needs and coping resources of newly hired nurses
Authors: Schmitt Catherine A , Schiffman Rachel
Published: February 2019

Objective:

Newly hired nurses who do not transition well often leave their first nursing position or nursing prematurely, at great cost to themselves, the profession, hiring organizations and patients. The purpose of this secondary analysis study was to better understand the transition experience of new graduate nurses and experienced nurses as they moved to a new setting in nursing, and the preceptor’s role in that transition.

Methods:

Schlossberg’s Transition Theory provided the framework for the secondary analysis of a large qualitative data set that were collected from 118 newly hired nurses who were predominantly female and Caucasian with the majority being under the age of 30 years and having less than 1-year experience. The data available for secondary analysis included all transcripts from the original study.

Results:

Two main themes were identified: Institutional Support and Sense of Self.

Discussion:

Preceptors are critical early in the transition and the newly hired nurse continues to look for support beyond the first year of the transition. Hospitals should consider implementing transition to practice programs that support the newly hired nurse, to include those with prior experience, throughout the first year of transition and should also consider a mentorship program of support after the first year.
Factors related to patient choice of bladder reconstruction following radical cystectomy
Authors: Reed Phil , Osborne Lisa A
Published: February 2019

Objective:

To identify patient values and concerns related to choice of bladder reconstruction following removal, in order to provide understanding of factors important in making surgical decisions.

Subjects and methods:

Sixty-two patients treated for advanced bladder cancer (grade pT1 and above), and choosing either ileal conduit or orthotopic neobladder following cystectomy, each completed three questionnaires: European Organization for Research and Treatment quality of life questionnaire; bladder reconstruction satisfaction questionnaire; and life values inventory.

Results:

Health status (European Organization for Research and Treatment quality of life questionnaire) was not related to procedure satisfaction. Older, and female, patients had ileal conduit. Ileal conduit patients rated ease of postoperative maintenance, and perceived ease of surgery, as more important; neobladder patients rated returning to normality as more important (bladder reconstruction satisfaction questionnaire). Ileal conduit patients had higher life values (life values inventory) concerning environment, humility and loyalty; while neobladder patients had higher values concerning creativity, independence and science.

Conclusion:

Pre-existing concerns influence choices that patients make between ileal conduit and neobladder after removal of their bladder. Those wanting to minimise surgical difficulty and extra work following the reconstruction, and valuing living their life with regard to others, favour ileal conduit. Patients being younger, male, valuing the way they lived their life preoperatively, and valuing science/technology, favour neobladder. These findings are a stepping stone towards developing a tool to aid joint patient/consultant decision-making, when planning reconstructive surgery for bladder cancer. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
The Incidence of Pars Interarticularis Defects in Athletes
Authors: Tawfik Samuel , Phan Kevin , Mobbs Ralph J. , Rao Prashanth J.
Published: February 2019

Study Design:

Literature review.

Objective:

To conduct a literature review of studies reporting the incidence of pars interarticularis defects in athletes of specific sports, in order to allow more targeted prevention and treatment strategies to be implemented for the groups at highest risk.

Methods:

Electronic searches were performed using PubMed, Ovid Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Database of Controlled Trials from their dates of inception to September 2017, with the following keywords: “spondylolysis,” “sports,” “low back pain,” and “pars defects.”

Results:

A total of 509 total articles were retrieved, of which 114 were used in the final review. The incidence of pars interarticularis defects was found to be highest in diving (35.38%), cricket (31.97%), baseball/softball (26.91%), rugby (22.22%), weightlifting (19.49%), sailing (17.18%), table tennis (15.63%), and wrestling (14.74%). Only 5 studies reported the management instituted for their participants, and these were all case reports. Of 74 players with spondylolysis in these studies, 70 (94.59%) underwent conservative treatment and 4 (5.41%) underwent surgical treatment. 61 (82.43%) returned to their previous level of play, 6 (8.11%) retired, and the disposition of the final 7 was not reported.

Conclusion:

The current medical literature provides good evidence that the incidence of pars interarticularis defects is higher in the athletic population, with the highest incidence in diving. There remains no gold standard protocol for the management of pars interarticularis defects. Further research is required to compare conservative therapy to surgical therapy and to compare the various surgical techniques to each other.
Return of an Intact Hook Test Result: Clinical Assessment of Biceps Tendon Integrity After Surgical Repair
Authors: Pallante Graham D. , O’Driscoll Shawn W.
Published: February 2019

Background:

The hook test is a sensitive and specific tool that has been previously described for diagnosing distal biceps tendon ruptures in an efficient, cost-effective manner. However, its application in postoperative evaluations after surgical repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures is not documented.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

We hypothesized that the hook test result returns to normal at some point postoperatively after distal biceps repair. This information could be used in decision making during follow-up examinations with both normal and abnormal findings.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed records of distal biceps repair. Between July 1, 2003, and July 1, 2016, a total of 56 patients underwent distal biceps repair and also had clear documentation of the results of the hook test during the postoperative period. Hook test results consisted of “intact,” “abnormal,” or “absent.” The timing of the return to a normal hook test result was recorded.

Results:

Overall, 51 of 57 (89%) repairs were documented to have the hook test result return to “intact.” The test result returned to intact by a mean of 10 weeks after surgery (range, 2 weeks to 15 months). The biceps tendon was intact according to the hook test at the 4-month follow-up in 45 of the 51 patients (88%) in whom it ultimately returned. The hook test result was abnormal in 5 repairs in 5 patients with only a short-term follow-up, ranging from 2 to 7 weeks postoperatively. One patient with an abnormal hook test result at 2 weeks postoperatively underwent revision and was confirmed to have a partial tear of the biceps insertion. His hook test result returned to intact 3 months after revision repair.

Conclusion:

The hook test result returns to normal in patients who undergo distal biceps repair in the primary and revision settings with adequate follow-up. The vast majority of patients have a normal hook test result by 4 months postoperatively. An abnormal hook test result at 4 months postoperatively may indicate a failed repair and should prompt further investigation.
Segmental Power Analysis of Sequential Body Motion and Elbow Valgus Loading During Baseball Pitching: Comparison Between Professional and High School Baseball Players
Authors: Aguinaldo Arnel , Escamilla Rafael
Published: February 2019

Background:

Pitching-related elbow injuries remain prevalent across all levels of baseball. Elbow valgus torque has been identified as a modifiable risk factor of injuries to the ulnar collateral ligament in skeletally mature pitchers.

Purpose:

To examine how segmental energy flow (power) influences elbow valgus torque and ball speed in professional versus high school baseball pitchers.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 16 professional pitchers (mean age, 21.9 ± 3.6 years) and 15 high school pitchers (mean age, 15.5 ± 1.1 years) participated in marker-based motion analysis of baseball pitching. Ball speed, maximum elbow valgus torque (MEV), temporal parameters, and mechanical power of the trunk, upper arm, and forearm were collected and compared using parametric statistical methods.

Results:

Professional pitchers threw with a higher ball speed (36.3 ± 2.9 m/s) compared with high school pitchers (30.4 ± 3.5 m/s) ( P = .001), and MEV was greater in professional pitchers (71.3 ± 20.0 N·m) than in high school pitchers (50.7 ± 14.6 N·m) ( P = .003). No significant difference in normalized MEV was found between groups ( P = .497). Trunk rotation time, trunk power, and upper arm power combined to predict MEV ( r = 0.823, P < .001), while trunk rotation time and trunk power were the only predictors of ball speed ( r = 0.731, P < .001). There were significant differences between the professional and high school groups in the timing of maximum pelvis rotation velocity (42.9 ± 9.7% of the pitching cycle [%PC] vs 27.9 ± 23.4 %PC, respectively; P < .025), maximum trunk rotation (33 ± 16 %PC vs 2 ± 23 %PC, respectively; P = .001), and maximum shoulder internal rotation velocity (102.4 ± 8.9 %PC vs 93.0 ± 11.7 %PC, respectively; P = .017).

Conclusion:

The power of trunk motion plays a critical role in the development of elbow valgus torque and ball speed. Professional and high school pitchers do not differ in elbow torque relative to their respective size but appear to adopt different patterns of segmental motion.

Clinical Relevance:

Because trunk rotation supplies the power associated with MEV and ball speed, training methods aimed at core stabilization and flexibility may benefit professional and high school pitchers in reducing the injury risk and improving pitching performance.
Effect of Education and Cardboard Bassinet Distribution on Newborn Bed-Sharing
Authors: Heere Megan , Moughan Beth , Alfonsi Joseph , Rodriguez Jennifer , Aronoff Stephen
Published: February 2019

Objective. This study sought to determine if infant sleep education plus a cardboard bassinet reduced bed-sharing, a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and sleep-related deaths (SRD), in the first week of life. Methods. Women delivered between 1/1/2015-11/15/2016 were interviewed by phone within 72 hours of discharge. Control 1 delivered through 10/31/2015 (previously reported); Control 2: 11/1/2015-2/7/2016; Intervention 1 received inpatient safe sleep education and delivered between 2/8/2016-5/4/2016; Intervention 2 also received a cardboard bassinet and delivered after 5/4/2016. Subjects self-reported bed-sharing, newborn sleep position, feeding method, and sleep environment; demographic data was obtained from medical records. Bayesian methodology compared bed-sharing rates between aggregated control and intervention groups; results were expressed as posterior rates, rate ratios, and 95% credible intervals (CredInt); the posterior probability that the rate ratio was > 1(Bayesian probability) was determined by calculation and simulation. Results. 5187 eligible subjects, 2763 (53%) completed the survey (Control 1: n=1264; Control 2: n=423; Intervention 1: n=391; Intervention 2: n=685). Bed-sharing rates: Control: 6.3% (5.2,7.4); Intervention: 4.7% (3.5,5.9). Rate ratio (Control/Intervention) was 1.36 (0.95,1.83) and the Bayesian probability that the rate ratio >1 was .96 and .97 by calculation and simulation, respectively. Bed-sharing rates for exclusively breastfed infants: Control: 11% (7.4, 14.6); Intervention: 5.9% (2.7, 9.2); Rate ratio was 2.00 (1.01, 3.15) and the Bayesian probability that the rate ratio >1 was .993. Conclusions. Infant sleep education plus a cardboard bassinet reduced the rate of bed-sharing in the first week of life, particularly among exclusively breastfeeding dyads.
Bronchodilators, Antibiotics, and Oral Corticosteroids Use in Primary Care for Children With Cough
Authors: Krishnan Sankaran , Ianotti Vicki , Welter John , Gallagher Meighan Maye , Ndjatou Tatiana , Dozor Allen J.
Published: February 2019

Real-world management decisions for acute cough in children in primary care practice are not well understood. This study is an analysis of 560 encounters for children with cough, 19 days to 18 years of age, seen in a predominantly suburban academic pediatric practice, over 1 year. Past history, cough duration, and cough characteristics significantly affected treatment decisions. Children with cough frequently had a history of preterm birth, allergies, asthma, and neurological conditions. Most common therapies were bronchodilators, antibiotics, and oral corticosteroids. Children prescribed antibiotics were older, more likely to have a wet or productive cough, history of sinusitis, pneumonia or dysphagia, and longer cough duration. Children prescribed oral corticosteroids were younger, less likely to be wet or productive and more likely to have history of asthma or dysphagia. Children prescribed bronchodilators were more likely to have fever, nasal congestion, and wheezing and history of previous asthma, pneumonia, or dysphagia.
Increased Arterial Stiffness in Adolescents With Obesity
Authors: Lentferink Yvette E. , Kromwijk Lisa A. J. , van der Aa Marloes P. , Knibbe Catherijne A. J. , van der Vorst Marja M. J.
Published: February 2019

Increased arterial stiffness (AS) is an early sign of cardiovascular disease. Influence of weight, puberty, and insulin resistance (IR) on AS in adolescents is unclear. Therefore, this study compared AS, assessed with pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx), of adolescents with and without obesity and evaluated the influence of puberty and IR on AS. Sixty-two lean and 61 adolescents with obesity were included. Significantly higher PWV was observed in adolescents with obesity (4.1 ms−1 [2.4 to 5.6 ms−1] vs 3.6 ms−1 [0.4 to 6.1 ms−1]; P = .01), while AIx was not significant different. However, significantly higher AIx was observed in adolescents with obesity and IR (3.0 [−17.5% to 28.5%] vs −3.0 [−19.0% to 13.0%]; P = .01). For Tanner stages, no differences were observed. The higher PWV in adolescents with obesity and higher AIx in adolescents with obesity and IR both indicate an increased AS. Consequently, measurement of AS should be considered in adolescents with obesity and IR as part of cardiovascular risk assessment.
High-throughput flow injection analysis-MRM3 (FIA-MRM3) spectrometry for alternative fast screening of the isomeric methamphetamine and phentermine in blood for forensic toxicology cases in Malaysia
Authors: Zubaidi Fathiah A , Choo Yeun-Mun , Tan Guan-Huat , Myron P , Cornelia CS
Published: February 2019

Background:

Methamphetamine (MA) and phentermine (PTM) are critical isomeric compounds that often coexist in biological specimen in toxicology cases which have similar nominal mass. The dependency of high-resolution mass spectrometer and special chiral stationary phase column for separation of isomeric compound impedes screening throughput especially in meeting high sampling demand.

Aim:

In the absence of such equipment for identification, we introduce the flow injection analysis (FIA)-MRM3 technique and demonstrated its capabilities for quick identification of both isomeric compounds without liquid chromatography (LC) separation through the addition of selectivity criteria in the MRM3 mode.

Method:

20 to 100 ng/mL of MA and PTM, respectively, in whole blood sample (WBS) and dried blood stain (DBS) were used to develop the method for the identification and relative quantification. Twenty whole blood samples which were reported positive of the drugs were randomly selected and were individually stained onto the Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) card for DBS study.

Results:

The peaks from the two isomeric compounds were successfully discerned for all the tested specimens using the FIA-MRM3 spectrometry technique. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for MA and PTM were comparable to normal liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry runs at 2.23 and 2.07 ng/mL, respectively, for WBS ( n = 30). For DBS, the LOD and LOQ were 3.40 and 2.86 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy and inter-day precision for DBS and WBS were in the range of 99.97–111.19% and 7.17–9.55%, respectively.

Conclusion:

These results demonstrated that the technique is highly adoptable in the screening of isomeric compounds of similar masses in a simple and rapid analysis.
A rare case of crystalglobulinemia
Authors: Prasad Bhanu , Chibbar Rajni , Muhammad Salim , Sethi Sanjeev
Published: February 2019

Crystalglobulinemia is an extremely rare complication of monoclonal gammopathy. We report a 49-year-old female who presented with acute kidney injury, microhematuria, and non-nephrotic range proteinuria. Eight weeks prior to presentation, she developed a lower urinary tract infection and acute kidney injury, but her creatinine failed to resolve after resolution of her symptoms with antibiotics. Kidney biopsy revealed a membranoproliferative pattern of injury, and numerous crystals were noted in the glomerular capillaries on electron microscopy. On immunofluorescence, positive staining for immunoglobulin G and kappa was demonstrated in the capillary lumen along the capillary walls. Based on the biopsy, a diagnosis of crystalglobulinemia was made. On serum protein electrophoresis, there was presence of a monoclonal band, which was too small to quantify. Urine immunofixation was negative. Patient was treated with cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone regime and made a remarkable renal recovery.
In vitro and in vivo efficacy of an anti-CD203c conjugated antibody (AGS-16C3F) in mouse models of advanced systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Wedeh Ghaith , He Liang , Wittner Monika , Beghi Florian , Baral Viviane , Launay Jean-Marie , Bibi Siham , Doñate Fernando , Kouros-Mehr Hosein , Arock Michel , Louache Fawzia
Published: February 2019

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of therapeutics that use antibodies to deliver potent cytotoxic drugs selectively to cancer cells. CD203c, an ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase-phosphodiesterase 3, is overexpressed on neoplastic mast cells (MCs) in systemic mastocytosis (SM), thus representing a promising target for antibody-mediated therapy. In this study, we have found that human neoplastic MC lines (ROSAKIT D816V and ROSAKIT D816V-Gluc), which express high levels of CD203c, are highly and specifically sensitive to the antiproliferative effects of an ADC against CD203c (AGS-16C3F). In these cell lines, AGS-16C3F induced cell apoptosis at very low concentrations. To characterize the effects of AGS-16C3F on leukemia progression in vivo, ROSAKIT D816V-Gluc NOD-SCID γ mouse models of advanced SM (AdvSM) were treated with AGS-16C3F or an ADC control for 2 weeks. Whereas AGS-16C3F had no apparent toxicity in xenotransplanted mice, in vivo neoplastic MC burden significantly decreased in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic organs. Furthermore, animals treated with AGS-16C3F had prolonged survival compared with the animals treated with control ADC, and AGS-16C3F efficiently prevented disease relapse. In conclusion, these preclinical studies identified CD203c as a novel therapeutic target on neoplastic MCs, and AGS-16C3F as a promising ADC for the treatment of patients with AdvSM.
Drivers of year-to-year variation in exacerbation frequency of COPD: analysis of the AERIS cohort
Authors: Wilkinson Tom M.A. , Aris Emmanuel , Bourne Simon C. , Clarke Stuart C. , Peeters Mathieu , Pascal Thierry G. , Taddei Laura , Tuck Andrew C. , Kim Viktoriya L. , Ostridge Kristoffer K. , Staples Karl J. , Williams Nicholas P. , Williams Anthony P. , Wootton Stephen A. , Devaster Jeanne-Marie
Published: February 2019

The association between exacerbation aetiology and exacerbation frequency is poorly understood.

We analysed 2-year follow-up data from a prospective observational study of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (www.clinicaltrials.govidentifier numberNCT01360398) to evaluate year-to-year variation in exacerbation frequency and related aetiology. A total of 127 patients underwent blood and sputum sampling monthly and at exacerbation to detect respiratory infections and eosinophilic inflammation; 103 continued into year 2 and 88 completed both years.

The most common bacterial species at stable state and exacerbation wasHaemophilus influenzae. Among infrequent exacerbators (one exacerbation per year), the incidence of viral infection at exacerbation was high (60.0% (95% CI 35.1–81.7%) in year 1 and 78.6% (53.4–94.2%) in year 2). Those with more frequent exacerbations tended to have higher relative incidence of bacterial than viral infection. Patients with at least two additional exacerbations in year 2versusyear 1 had a higher risk ofH. influenzaecolonisation at stable state than those with at least two fewer exacerbations, as detected by culture (OR 1.43 (95% CI 0.71–2.91)versus0.63 (0.40–1.01), p=0.06) and PCR (1.76 (95% CI 0.88–3.51)versus0.56 (0.37–0.86), p<0.01). This was not seen with other infection types or eosinophilic inflammation.

Analysis of the same cohort over 2 years showed, for the first time, that changes in yearly COPD exacerbation rate may be associated with variations inH. influenzaecolonisation.
Early Detection for Colorectal Cancer: ASCO Resource-Stratified Guideline
Authors: Lopes Gilberto , Stern Mariana C. , Temin Sarah , Sharara Ala I. , Cervantes Andres , Costas-Chavarri Ainhoa , Engineer Rena , Hamashima Chisato , Ho Gwo Fuang , Huitzil Fidel David , Moghani Mona Malekzadeh , Nandakumar Govind , Shah Manish A. , Teh Catherine , Manjarrez Sara E. Vázquez , Verjee Azmina , Yantiss Rhonda , Correa Marcia Cruz
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE

To provide resource-stratified, evidence-based recommendations on the early detection of colorectal cancer in four tiers to clinicians, patients, and caregivers.

METHODS

American Society of Clinical Oncology convened a multidisciplinary, multinational panel of medical oncology, surgical oncology, surgery, gastroenterology, health technology assessment, cancer epidemiology, pathology, radiology, radiation oncology, and patient advocacy experts. The Expert Panel reviewed existing guidelines and conducted a modified ADAPTE process and a formal consensus-based process with additional experts (Consensus Ratings Group) for two round(s) of formal ratings.

RESULTS

Existing sets of guidelines from eight guideline developers were identified and reviewed; adapted recommendations form the evidence base. These guidelines, along with cost-effectiveness analyses, provided evidence to inform the formal consensus process, which resulted in agreement of 75% or more.

CONCLUSION

In nonmaximal settings, for people who are asymptomatic, are ages 50 to 75 years, have no family history of colorectal cancer, are at average risk, and are in settings with high incidences of colorectal cancer, the following screening options are recommended: guaiac fecal occult blood test and fecal immunochemical testing (basic), flexible sigmoidoscopy (add option in limited), and colonoscopy (add option in enhanced). Optimal reflex testing strategy for persons with positive screens is as follows: endoscopy; if not available, barium enema (basic or limited). Management of polyps in enhanced is as follows: colonoscopy, polypectomy; if not suitable, then surgical resection. For workup and diagnosis of people with symptoms, physical exam with digital rectal examination, double contrast barium enema (only in basic and limited); colonoscopy; flexible sigmoidoscopy with biopsy (if contraindication to latter) or computed tomography colonography if contraindications to two endoscopies (enhanced only).
Erich Fromm and Theodor W. Adorno Reconsidered
Authors: Durkin Kieran
Published: February 2019

This article explores the theoretical relationship between Erich Fromm and Theodor W. Adorno. Seeking to transcend the facile polarization that has hitherto characterized the reception of Fromm and Adorno, the article charts the evolution of their early relationship with Max Horkheimer and the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research and then considers the substantive correspondences and divergences between their bodies of thought. The article calls for further studies into their intellectual relationship, especially with regard to how their oeuvres may be differentially applied to the development of critical theory as a living system geared toward changing the world.
Oxidation Behavior of 1,3-Dihydrothieno[3,4-a]HPHAC
Authors: Uno Hidemitsu , Ishiwata Misaki , Muramatsu Kota , Takase Masayoshi , Mori Shigeki , Okujima Tetsuo
Published: February 2019

1,3-Dihydrothieno[3,4-a]- and 1,3,8,10-tetrahydrodithieno[3,4-a;3′4′-m]-HPHACs were prepared by the successive SNAr reactions of hexafluorobenzene with 1,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-c]pyrrole and 3,4-dihexylpyrrole followed by Scholl oxidation. Oxidation of 1,3-dihydrothieno-fused HPHACs with excess amounts of iodine at room temperature quantitatively gave the corresponding dication bis(triiodide)s. Further dehydrogenative oxidation of the dicationic species with iodine giving a thieno[3,4-a]HPHAC dication was achieved at a higher temperature by removing hydrogen iodide generated during the reaction. Neutral species of thieno[3,4-a]HPHAC could not be isolated.