bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward Metal- and Catalyst-free Reactions: Deciphering the substituent and external electric field effects on the Diels-Alder reaction between Ethylene and Nitrosoethylene
Authors: Braga Letícia dos Santos , Bevenino Regina Camargo , Leal Daniel Henriques Soares , Ramalho Teodorico Castro
Published: March 2023

The substituents on the diene and/or dienophile can contribute to the decrease or increase of this energy. However, there are other artifices to catalyze chemical reactions, in particular the Diels-Alder reactions, such as, for example, the application of an electric field on the reaction axis. The existence of an external electric field (EEF), properly oriented, has the potential to further stabilize or destabilize these charge transfer contributors and thus influence the energy. So, the goal of this study was to compare the activation energies of the Diels-Alder reaction between ethylene and nitrosoethylene, using an electric field, Lewis acid (BH3) as catalysts and the influence of substituents. All calculations were performed with Gaussian09 software, the compounds were fully optimized using the restricted Hartree-Fock method with the basis set 6-31G, single-point energies determined with MP3 method and basis set 6-31G. The effects of EEFs were studied using the “Field = M ± N” keyword with F values (F=±0,125 au and ±0,080 au) along the preferred axis. The lowest activation barrier is encountered when the electric field is applied, followed by the use of borane as the Lewis acid.
Characterization of chemoresistant human non-small cell lung cancer cells by metabolic and lipidomic profiling
Authors: Lee Ji-Won , Lee Hwanhui , Chun Yoon Shik , Ahn Junyoung , Moon Jeong Yung , Kim Dae Kyeong , Cho Somi Kim , Choi Hyung-Kyoon
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Lung cancer is one of the most malignant cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, while acquired chemoresistance would represent a major problem in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) because of the reduced treatment-effect and increased rates of recurrence.
Methods
Real-time PCR and Western blotting were employed for investigating mRNA and protein expression of the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) protein family and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) in A549 and A549/CR cells. We also employed gas chromatography mass-spectrometry and nano electrospray ionization mass-spectrometry coupled with multivariate statistical analysis to characterize the unique metabolic and lipidomic profiles of chemoresistant NSCLC cells in order to identify potential therapeutic targets.
Results
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were decreased, and mRNA and protein levels of GPX2 and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) were increased in A549/CR. We identified 87 metabolites and intact lipid species in A549 and A549/CR. Among these metabolites, lactic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, aspartic acid, succinic acid, and ceramide, alongside the PC to PE ratio, and arachidonic acid-containing phospholipids were suggested as characteristic features of chemoresistant NSCLC cells (A549/CR).
Conclusions
This study reveals characteristic feature differences between drug-resistance NSCLC cells and their parental cells. We suggest potential therapeutic targets in chemoresistant NSCLC. Our results provide new insight into metabolic and lipidomic alterations in chemoresistant NSCLC. This could be used as fundamental information to develop therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chemoresistant NSCLC patients.
Conditional knockout of AIM2 in microglia ameliorates synaptic plasticity and spatial memory deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ye Lei , Hu Mengsha , Mao Rui , Tan Yi , Sun Min , Jia Junqiu , Xu Siyi , Liu Yi , Zhu Xiaolei , Xu Yun , Bai Feng , Shu Shu
Published: March 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Synaptic dysfunction is a hallmark pathology of AD and is strongly associated with cognitive impairment in AD. Abnormal phagocytosis by microglia is one of the main causes of synapse loss in AD. Existing studies have revealed that inflammasomes contribute to cognitive deficits in AD. Previous studies have shown that the absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome was upregulated in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. In this study, we identified abnormally increased expression of AIM2 in microglia in an Aβ1-42-induced AD mouse model (AD mice). Conditional knockout of microglial AIM2 rescued cognitive impairment and synaptic dysfunction in AD mice. Excessive microglial phagocytosis of synapses was decreased after knockout of microglial AIM2, which was dependent on inhibiting complement activation. These results suggest that microglial AIM2 plays a critical role in regulating synaptic plasticity and memory deficits associated with AD, providing a new direction for developing novel preventative and therapeutic interventions for this disease.
1,25(OH)2D3 promotes insulin secretion through the classical pyroptosis pathway in vitro and vivo
Authors: zheng yuxuan , zhou zhengyu , wei xun , zhang lewen , Hu yudie
Published: March 2023

Purpose: To study the effect of pyroptosis on pancreatic β cell function in diabetes. And explore whether 1,25(OH)2D3 interferes with the progression of type 2 diabetes through pyroptosis signaling pathway.
Methods: We explored the relationship between pyroptosis and diabetes and the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in this process. In vivo and vitro, we constructing a diabetes model combined with 1,25(OH)2D3 intervention. Detected the insulin secretion level, the release level of inflammatory factors and the expression level of pyroptosis-related proteins.
Results: In vivo or vitro, we have found that 1,25(OH)2D3 can reduce the level of inflammation, reduce the occurrence of pyroptosis by reducing the expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins NF-κB, NLRP3, GSDMD, and caspase-1. It can protect pancreatic β cell from T2DM damage and increase insulin secretion. Inhibiting the expression of GSDMD can hinder the progress of cell pyroptosis, reduce the expansion of inflammatory response and protect pancreatic cells from damage.
Conclusion: In the occurrence of T2DM, pancreatic cells are induced by pyroptosis through the classical pathway, resulting in reduced insulin secretion. 1,25(OH)2D3 can be used as a potential adjuvant to inhibit pyroptosis of pancreatic cells through pyroptosis classical signaling pathway, reduce inflammatory response and relieve diabetes symptoms.
Adoption of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Benzotriazole Additive in Ester Fluids as Transformer Insulant
Authors: J Amalanathan A , R Sarathi
Published: March 2023

This paper reports the critical investigation on the streaming current of ester fluids towards power transformer. The optimization of benzotriazole (BTA) additive is tested based on the streaming current analysis considering its influence with and without the temperature. From the experimental results, the BTA concentration of 130 ppm on ester fluids observed a negative streaming current. The influence of temperature increases the streaming current of ester fluids. Only a minimal change is noticed in the viscosity of ester fluids with the addition of BTA but to the contradict, an increased dissipation factor is observed. The Response surface methodology (RSM) algorithm is being utilized as an optimization algorithm to identify the permissible level of BTA under transformer standstill and normal operating temperature conditions.
Atopic dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wei Mingjing , Shao Zhengchao , Wan Haoyue , Yang Huixue , Chen Wenqi
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe association between atopic dermatitis(AD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been reported. However, causality has not yet been established. In the present study, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyzes were used to assess whether atopic dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis are causally associated.ObjectiveIn the present study, MR analyzes were used to evaluate whether atopic dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis are causally associated.MethodsWe extracted summary-level data for atopic dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Inverse variance-weighted (IVW) analysis was used as the primary analysis. Alternate methods, including weighted median, MR Egger, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, weighted mode, and leave-one-out analysis, were performed to assess pleiotropy.ResultsNo evidence of an effect of rheumatoid arthritis on the risk of atopic dermatitis was found in inverse-variance weighted (OR = 1.043，95% CI =0.959-1.134，p = 0.328). No evidence of an effect of atopic dermatitis on the risk of rheumatoid arthritis was also found (OR=1.026,95% CI =0.903-1.166, p = 0.691).ConclusionsThe large MR analysis indicated that there is no causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and atopic dermatitis.
Fine Resolution Analysis of bacterial communities associated with Neochloris oleoabundans culture and insights into terpenes as contamination control agents
Authors: Molina-Aulestia Denisse Tatiana , de Carvalho Júlio Cesar , Pereira Gilberto Vinícius Melo , Vale Alexander Silva , Carvalho Dão Pedro , Soccol Vanete Thomaz , Soccol Carlos Ricardo
Published: March 2023

Biological contamination is one of the main bottlenecks in microalgae production, reducing quality and productivity and sometimes leading to the complete loss of the cultures. Selecting terpenes can be a pathway toward eco-friendly contamination control in microalgae cultures. This work evaluated the presence of bacterial contaminants in N. oleoabundans cultures through HTS and 16S analysis and their susceptibility to six natural terpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, trans-cinnamaldehyde, linalool, and eugenol). The principal phyla identified were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, and based on these data, 89 bacterial isolates of seven genera were obtained (36 Aureimonas sp., 27 Microbacterium sp., 5 Pseudomonas sp., 9 Bacillus sp., 14 Shinella sp., 1 Brevundimonas sp., and 1 Exiguobacterium sp.). The minimal inhibitory concentration of terpenes was 6.25 mg L-1, with a reduction in bacterial counts of most isolates by 79% - 99%.
Comparison and applicability analysis of different evapotranspiration models for maize farmland in the lower Yellow River Plain based on the eddy covariance system
Authors: Ren Xiaojuan , Li Guodong , Zhang Junhua , Ding Shengyan , Wang Jingyu , Li Pengfei , Zhang Man
Published: March 2023

Evapotranspiration is an important part of the hydrological cycle and a key indicator to measure hydrological and energy transfer in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC). In this study, maize farmland in the lower Yellow River, an important grain production base in China, was selected as the research object. Based on the actual observation data of the eddy covariance system during the summer maize growth cycle, ten common evapotranspiration estimation models, including the FAO-56 Penman‒Monteith (P-M) model, Hargreaves–Samani (H-S) model, Priestley–Taylor (P-T) model, Makkink (Ma) model, Jensen–Haise (J-H) model, Irmark–Allen (I-A) model, Doorenbos–Pruitt (D-P) model, McCloud (Mc) model, Kimberly–Penman (K-P) model and Abtew (Ab) model, were evaluated in estimating the applicability of the actual evapotranspiration. The mean bias error (MBE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and index of agreement (D) were chosen as evaluation indices. The Pearson correlation test and principal component analysis methods were used to explore the main influencing factors of actual evapotranspiration. The comprehensive ranking of the applicability of each model in the study area was obtained by synthesizing each index: J-H > P-T > Mc > K-P > I-A > P-M > D-P > Ab > Ma > H-S. it could be concluded that the J-H model was the most suitable in the study area, followed by the P-T model, while the H-S model attained the worst simulation performance. The evapotranspiration of summer maize at the tasseling-milky maturity stage in this region was the highest, and the solar radiation, net radiation and photosynthetically active radiation exhibited a strong correlation with evapotranspiration and greatly impacted evapotranspiration. This study plays an important role in the development of efficient water-saving agriculture, irrigation forecasting and sustainable utilization of water resources in the core area of grain production in China.
Effective and controlling on the electronic properties of the graphene nanoflakes in the presents various concentrations of the B, N, and O impurities
Authors: Omeer Tuqa A. , Mohammed Mohammed H.
Published: March 2023

Boron, Nitrogen, and oxygen are a promising route for controlling the electronic properties of the graphene nanoflakes. Difference electronic properties of the pristine GNFs and with various concentrations of B, N, and O impurities are calculated by utilizing DFT method. Result represented that the pristine GNFs has an insulator behavior. However, the electronic band gap is reduced by replacing single C atoms with single B or N or O impurities. In fact, we detected that the electronic properties of single (B or N or O)-doped GNFs depended on these impurities and the location of impurities. So, these impurities is altered the behavior of the GNFs from insulator to semiconductor. By increasing the concentrations of the impurities, we detected that the GNFs is still have semiconductor behavior, but the electronic band gap is increased by increasing the number of C atoms between these impurities. Therefore, there are very interesting results. We found out that the electronic properties are depended on the number of C atoms between these impurities. There Fermi level is shifted up with single impurities. However, it is shifted down with two cases of (2B and 4B)-doped GNFs. For stability, these impurities made the GNFs is more stable and lower reactivate due to the total energy is increased by increasing the number of impurities inside the GNFs, but the opposite thing is happen with two cases of (B, 2B, and 4B)-doped GNFs. In brief, these impurities are altered the behavior of the GNFs from insulator to semiconductor and became more established, which can be utilized in various applications.
Resource leveling optimization by hybrid metaheuristics
Authors: Aristotelous Marinos , Nearchou Andreas
Published: March 2023

Consideration is given to the heuristic solution of the resource leveling problem (RLP) in project scheduling with limited resources. The objective is to minimize the changes in the level of resource usage from period to period over the planning horizon of the project while keeping the project duration fixed. First, we present two novel greedy schedule algorithms for the RLP solution. The performance of the proposed algorithms are investigated as low-level hybrids in the context of three famous population-based heuristics namely,differential evolution(DE),genetic algorithm(GA) andparticle swarm optimization(PSO). Then, we additionally present two new high-level hybridization schemes (HS), referred to herein asparallelandserialHS respectively which combine DE, GA and PSO in a single hybrid solution algorithm. Detailed experimentation over known complex data sets measures the efficiency of the new hybrids. Statistical analysis employed rank the hybrids according to their solution efficiency. Moreover, comparisons between the developed best hybrid and commercial project management software show a substantial higher performance for the former over real-world construction projects.
Direct and indirect photodegradation of bisphenol-A in the presence of natural water components
Authors: Han Yao , Li Lijun , Jin Lu , Zhou Rong , Li Yayu , Jing weiwen
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the impact and mechanism of natural water constituents (humic acid, nitrate, iron and chloride ions) on the photodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA) was investigated in aqueous media under simulated UV light irradiation. Results suggested that the contributions of ·OH, 1O2, O2.− and BPA* to BPA photodegradation in pure water were 13.4%, 7.7%, 22.9% and 47.9%, respectively, indicating that direct photodegradation other than self-sensitized photodegradation was the main reaction pathway. Furthermore, the presence of humic acid (HA), nitrate, iron and chloride ions showed different impacts on BPA photodegradation. NO- 3 and NO- 2 both showed inhibitory effect but due to different ROS (reactive oxidization species). In the presence of HA, it was light-screening-induced direct photolysis not quenching effect dominated over the inhibited BPA photodegradation. The photodegradation of BPA was significantly enhanced by the addition of iron because iron-assisted indirect photolysis controlled the degradation process through promoting the production of ·OH and H2O2. Chloride had a dual effect on BPA photodegradation depending on the different concentration levels. Additionally, a simple linear model revealed that the interaction of these factors also significantly impacted BPA photodegradation. In natural water, the decreased photolytic rate of BPA was mainly attributed to triple-excited dissolved organic matter (3DOM*) and indirect photolysis was the primary transformation pathway of BPA. Finally, the detection of photolysis products including nitrate and chlorinated products suggested the possibility of increasing ecological risk of BPA photodegradation.
High-tunnel Organic Ginger: Response to Propagation Material, Fertilizer, and Prepropagation Rhizome Storage
Authors: Marsh Lurline E. , Ali Mohammad , Smith Brett D. , McKenzie-Reynolds Petrina
Published: March 2023

Ginger (Zingiber officinale, Roscoe) is a tropical rhizome crop typically grown from rhizome pieces, but can also be produced from seedlings. No information is available on how the seedling method compares with the rhizome piece method in organic ginger culture. In addition, information on the growing of organic ginger in the mid-Atlantic region is lacking. Some of the challenges include limited knowledge of rhizome storage, types of propagation materials for planting in the field or high tunnel, and acceptable organic fertilizers that will not increase the excess P currently polluting the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The objective of this study was to assess plant development, soil nutrients, and economic feasibility of organic ginger derived from different storage conditions and planting materials when grown in different nutrient sources in a high tunnel. Three types of plant material (single-shoot transplant seedlings derived from 36.5–40.0 g/rhizome, multishoot transplant seedlings derived from 60–120 g/rhizome, and rhizome seeds of 60–120 g) and three fertilizers types [cotton seed meal, 6N–0.9P–0.8K (0.18 kg⋅m–2), plus AZOMITE (1 kg⋅m–2); Nature Safe, 13N–0P–0K (0.07 kg⋅m–2); and Phytamin All Purpose Liquid fertilizer, 4N–1.3P–3.3K (0.26 L⋅m–2)] were used in 2018. In 2019 and 2020, three types of plant material and two fertilizer types at modified rates from the 2018 study, plus two storage containers (pans and flats), were tested. In general, the rhizome storage container did not affect plant height, leaf soil plant analysis development (SPAD) index, and rhizome yield, and its effect on tillers was none or mixed. Fertilizer type had mixed effects on plant height and tiller number, and no effect on the leaf SPAD index. Rhizome yields in 2019 and 2020 were unaffected by fertilizer, but Nature Safe produced a greater benefit-to-cost ratio (BCR) and profitability index (PI) than Phytamin. Soil P was generally less in Nature Safe–fertilized soil than in Phytamin-fertilized soil. Multishoot seedlings produced the greatest rhizome yield, BCR, PI, and tallest plants, and had some of the highest tiller numbers. These findings show that it would be more profitable to use multishoot seedlings as planting material in high tunnels compared with single-shoot seedlings and rhizome seeds. Furthermore, the lower P levels in the Nature Safe–fertilized soils compared with the Phytamin soils, and greater PI suggest that using Nature Safe will be a better choice than Phytamin for growing organic ginger.
Probabilistic analysis of peak intensity distribution of earthquakes on an example of Irkutsk
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Karmazinov Danil A. , Dmitrieva Tatiana L. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: March 2023

This article discusses approaches to forecasting the earthquake odds of a given intensity level. This problem is relevant for the earthquake-prone zone in the south of the Irkutsk region characterised by an estimated intensity of shaking of up to 9 points, where large, populated areas having developed industrial and civil construction are located. The intensity values for Irkutsk were obtained using the analysed data on the seismic activity of the Baikal and Transbaikalia regions in 1973–2020 by the equa-tion of the macroseismic field. The algorithm for predicting large and medium-sized earthquakes in-volves mathematical statistics and probability theory. A corresponding empirical distribution was derived on the basis of a sample of the maximum intensity values for the specified period in each year. The potential applicability of common distribution functions for describing the intensity distribution of seis-mic vibrations was considered. It was established that the normal distribution function provides the most accurate description of statistical data. It was concluded that, by using this function, it is possible to determine the high-intensity vibration odds that can lead to serious destruction, as well as their most probable annual peak intensity, which may allow for measures ensuring the resistance of load-bearing structures of buildings to background seismic impacts.
Administrative and technological measures to save resources and energy during design and construction in winter
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Komarov Andrey K. , Rozina Victoria E. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Shustov Pavel A. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: March 2023

This article considers the problems of obtaining construction products in winter, along with complex technological processes, in the light of scientific achievements and analysis of influencing factors when solving thermophysical problems, as well as evaluating the results on production indicators, especially those related to economics. The accumulated domestic and foreign experience reflects years of intensive work carried out by scientists and engineers, which continues to this day. In Eastern Siberia and neighbouring regions characterised by a prolonged winter period, construction works are carried out all year round. Special attention should be paid to planning construction activities in winter and developing working documentation in view of the seasonality of work. The material and technical resources of the construction contractor should be taken into account, mainly the feasibility of the operational plans for construction and installation activities and the financing schedule. The paper includes examples of winter construction demonstrating the existing limitations, in particular the increased energy consumption. Some recommendations are given aimed at improving the quality of project documentation.
Irkutsk’s architectural and urban heritage: preservation of its cultural sites and historical-cultural poten-tial as a factor in regional tourism development
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Mainovskaya Arina K. , Prokudin Alexandr N. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: March 2023

The paper aims to analyze the historical-cultural potential of the Irkutsk city center, to consider the uniqueness and identity of its urban environment, as well as to explore the opportunities and experi-ences associated with the commercialization of historical buildings and relevant measures. The specif-ics of Irkutsk’s cultural heritage, its architectural landmarks, and tourist attractions are discussed in the study. In addition, the work examines the historical center of Irkutsk in terms of its architectural and space-planning features, along with the typology of buildings, comprising the historical and cultural heritage of varying significance. The concepts of identity and authenticity in Irkutsk’s development are defined. As part of the historical site development, it is proposed to commercialize cultural heritage (including wooden structures) through tourism (temporary accommodation), food service, and trade (gift shops, etc.). In order to attract attention to potentially suitable sites, it is suggested to develop new tourist routes connecting Irkutsk’s quarters that feature historical buildings preserved in their orig-inal state. The study presents a route plan proposed in a graduation thesis within the training program Reconstruction and Restoration of Architectural Heritage at the Irkutsk National Research Technical University (author – A. K. Mainovskaya; supervisor – A. N. Prokudin).
Pay and Rank of Female Engineers in Government Service: A Crack in the Glass Ceiling
Authors: Sincoff Michael Z. , Baker Bud
Published: March 2023

In 1991, the United States government began efforts to address the "glass ceiling" and its effects on thefederal workforce. This article explores the nature of the glass ceiling, particularly progress made since1991 on the pay status and hierarchical placement of the almost 200,000 engineers in United States federalcivilian employment. When a glass ceiling exists, men occupy a disproportionately high percentage of thehigher ranks in a career field, while women tend to be overrepresented in its lower ranks. Similarly, onaverage men earn higher pay than women in the same organizational rank. These were exactly theconditions of the federal engineering field in 1991, the year of the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1991that addressed the glass ceiling, among other topics. In 1991, as a result of the existence of the glass ceiling,women engineers earned only about 81% of the salaries and wages of their male counterparts. Through anexploration of federal employment databases, this article suggests that the condition of women engineers ingovernment service has improved in the years since 1991""more female engineers are on the governmentrolls, they make up a much larger proportion of senior engineering management, and their compensation ismuch closer to parity with men""but they are not yet equal with males on any of these dimensions.
Tracing Young Women's Career Aspirations From Junior High School into College
Authors: VanLeuvan Patricia
Published: March 2023

We have heard the claim that the United States needs more scientists, mathematicians, and engineers tocompete in world markets (National Commission on Excellence in Education, 1983; National Science Board(NSB), 1993, 1998, 2004; National Science Foundation (NSF), 1994, 2001; Task Force on Education forEconomic Growth, 1983). The intensity of such claims increased with the realization that the majority of theworkforce would be women and minorities, who traditionally have not pursued such careers (Bae & Smith,1996; Johnson & Packer, 1987; NSB, 1998; Oakes, 1990; Stumpf & Stanley, 1996). The NSB (1998)predicted a 44% increase in science and engineering (S&E) occupations from 1996 to 2006. However,women constituted 22% of the S&E work force in 1995 and 25% in 1999 (NSB, 1998, 2004). The largestpercentages of women were in the biological sciences (40%) and mathematics/computer science (33%),with much lower percentages in physical science (22% to 23%) and engineering (9% to 10%) (NSB, 1998,2004).
Life Notes about the Dual Careers of a Black Female: Race and Gender Politics in Public School Administration and Higher Education Professorship
Authors: Simmons Juanita Cleaver
Published: March 2023

This article is written from the experiential and theoretical perspectives that I encountered as a Black femalepublic school educator who, after twenty-plus years of public school teaching and administrativeexperiences, became an assistant professor at a predominately White research university. Being a student ofcritical race theory, I write this experience narrative from the perspective of life notes in order to help"demystify[ing] African American feminist ways of knowing, in moments of reflection, relation, andresistance" (Dillard, 2003, p. 135). Moreover, this article represents an " endarkened feminist epistemology"(Dillard, 2003) in order to shed light on how incidents and events with race, class, and gender translate intomeaning for both of my professional careers and my life in general. A chronologic comparison of myexperiences in both careers reveals the debilitating affects of race and gender. By sharing this experience, Ihope that all who are involved in the recruitment, retention, and promotion of women and minorities inthese professions (public school administration and the academy) will better understand how acts of racismand sexism create distractions that hinder their success in these careers.
On Becoming and Being Faculty-Leaders in Urban Education and also Being African- American...Seems Promising
Authors: Loder Tondra L. , Sims Michele Jean , Collins Loucrecia , Brooks Michael , Voltz Deborah , Calhoun Charles , Coker Angela D.
Published: March 2023

Seven African-American women and men faculty members at a Southeastern urban research universityreflect on their collective experiences of creating an intellectual community and spearheading an urbanteacher education initiative within their School of Education . Employing a qualitative self-study and projectreflection approach, the authors situate themselves within the historical trajectory of the African-Americanstruggle for education, emphasizing the problems and promises confronting contemporary urban educators.Highlighting their role in launching the Training and Retaining Urban Student Teachers (T.R.U.S.T.)Initiative in the Birmingham City Schools, the authors conclude that the future of urban education ispredicated on the capacity of contemporary African-American educators to forge effective alliances firstwith one another, and then with other partners in higher education, urban school districts, the localcommunity, and national educational organizations.
Principal Gender as Related to Campus Size, Level, and Academic Rating
Authors: Roser Dr. Valerie , Brown Dr.Michelle S. , Kelsey Dr. Cheryl L.
Published: March 2023

A comparative, quantitative research design was utilized with a Pearson Ï‡2 test statistic. Procedures for the study included gathering the gender of all public school principals in the state of Texas by utilizing a TEA data bank. The 2006 AEIS report generated information regarding campus size, campus level, and campus rating for every school in the state of Texas. Results indicated that a significant relationship exists between each of the variables tested. The prevalence of gender at particular school campuses has continued, as gender was found to be significantly related to campus size, campus rating, and campus level. Discussion presented is related to hiring practices and future research.
Mentor and Mother Hen: Just What I Needed as a First Year Professor
Authors: Searby Dr. Linda , Collins Dr. Loucrecia
Published: March 2023

Support is needed for new faculty members to achieve success in the early stages of the higher education career. Women, in particular, are often left to fend for themselves when entering the academy. This sonata-form case study glimpse into a mentoring relationship will focus on the experience of a new female faculty member as she was mentored and "mother-henned" by a senior member in her department. The mentor provided the framework for open sharing about tenure and promotion expectations, the inside politics of the department, research protocols at the university, and many other supports that led to her early success in academia. A point of interest is the fact that this was a cross-race mentoring relationship.
Graduate Student Perceptions of College of Education Culture and Climate
Authors: Pemberton Dr. Cynthia , Ray Dr. Beverly , Said Dr. Hamdan , Easterly Dr. Deb , Belcher Dr. Chris
Published: March 2023

This study queried graduate student perceptions of, and experiences with harassment and discrimination in a college of education (COE). The study employed inclusive sampling, targeting all graduate students enrolled in COE classes from fall 2000 to summer 2006. One hundred and ninety-three surveys were completed and returned (12% response rate). While findings revealed relatively low incidences of harassment (26 incidents or 13.5%) and discrimination (27 incidents or 14%) within the COE; with oral remarks, in terms of insensitive or disparaging comments, perpetrated by faculty and students, within COE classrooms, the most frequent form of harassment/discrimination observed and/or experienced; this study contributes yet another example of data-driven evidence regarding the ongoing need in higher education settings for organizations and individuals to act with intentionality and purpose to ameliorate persistent harassment and discrimination.
Nigerian Women Leaders: Journeying Toward Organizational Rebirth Through Midwifery
Authors: Hackney Dr. Catherine E.
Published: March 2023

Twenty Nigerian women were purposely selected to participate in leadership development sessions because of their reputations as visionaries, cultural pioneers, and socially responsible leaders. They expressed that they sought to make differences in their organizations through greater leadership effectiveness; to change traditional thinking about women's leadership; and to challenge constructively the male organizational and traditional hegemony under which they worked on a daily basis. Together, for three days, these gifted women, my colleague, and I would be leader/learners enriched and instructed by the customs, traditions, and practices of each other.
Gender Typing in Management: Evaluation of Managerial Subroles for Sport
Authors: Burton Dr. Laura , Parker Dr. Heidi
Published: March 2023

This research examined the gender typing of managerial subroles for entry, middle and senior-level positions to evaluate if gender typing serves as a barrier to women's advancement into senior level positions. Interscholastic athletic directors and managers in the sport industry (n = 167) evaluated the importance of 19 managerial subroles for entry, middle, and senior level managers. Results indicate feminine managerial subroles were more important for entry and middle level managers than masculine managerial subroles (p < .05). There was no significant difference between masculine and feminine subroles in senior level manager positions. Feminine subroles may be more important than masculine subroles for entry and middle level positions while both feminine and masculine subroles are important for senior level managers.
African American Women in Student Affairs: Best Practices for Winning the Game
Authors: Henry Dr. Wilma J.
Published: March 2023

Current research regarding the experiences of African American women in higher education clusters staff, faculty, and students together, overlooking the unique contributions and challenges of each cohort. The purpose of this article is to explore the opinions and experiences of African American women in student affairs administration, in order to add to the body of knowledge regarding women in student affairs. Implications for best practices for African American women in student affairs administration are discussed, and recommendations for further research are provided.
Women in International Public Leadership: Impacting Foreign Direct Investment by Reducing Corruption and Increasing Healthcare Investment
Authors: Cole Catherine , Dooley Larry , Sandlin Judy , Murano Elsa
Published: March 2023

A potential solution for an economic challenge — increasing needed foreign direct investment (FDI) — is proposed using a human resource development perspective: equally investing in the development of men and women to serve in public leadership.  This cross-sectional, nonexperimental study addressed a void in the literature by examining the impact of women in public leadership on FDI through lowered perceived corruption and increased national investment in healthcare.  Structural equation modeling using a simple path model was used to test relationships between observable variables.  Results included statistically significant relationships between the number of women in public leadership and lower levels of perceived corruption, between lower levels of perceived corruption and greater national investment in healthcare, and between greater national investment in healthcare and increased FDI countries received.  Additionally, a fully mediated, indirect relationship between the number of women in public leadership and FDI countries received was statistically significant.  That is, as the number of women increased within governments, levels of perceived corruption decreased, national investment in healthcare increased, and FDI increased.  Ultimately, this study provides empirical results professionals and institutions can use to advocate for gender equitable vertically integrated human resource development, particularly within developing countries, to promote FDI and its related benefits. Keywords:  women, public leadership, corruption, foreign direct investment, healthcare
Integrating Care and Critical Reflection in Women's Leadership Development Programs
Authors: Frkal Robin
Published: March 2023

Women's leadership development programs (WLDPs) have been suggested as programmatic additions for achieving gender-equity in organizational contexts.  These programs are conceptualized as transformative learning spaces affording women the opportunity to explore uncritically examined assumptions and create new perspectives of themselves as leaders.  This paper explains how these types of transformative learning environments are predicated on dialogue that encourages critical reflection in the context of caring relationships.  Recognizing that women may arrive in leadership programs with varied capacities for both relational learning and critical reflection, this paper seeks to explore the communication practices needed to create the dialogic conditions of care and critical reflection.  It outlines the results of a qualitative study that examined critical incidents of dialogue in a women's leadership development program to demonstrate the ways in which facilitators communicate to create these conditions.  The results suggest how taking a communication perspective on dialogue may increase a facilitator's capacity to integrate care and critical reflection.
Would You Send Your Daughter to Howard? Historically Black Colleges and Universities Advancing Black Women in Leadership
Authors: Yeboah Amy
Published: March 2023

In this article, we address the influence of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) on Black women’s participation in American politics. Focusing on the rise and record number of Black women running and winning political office in 2018, a remarkable list of over 400 Black women candidates were collected. Focusing on lives of three Black women whose dedication, determination, leadership, and activism are shifting the American political; Kamala Harris, Stacey Abrams, Lucy McBath, its evident that HBCUs have empowered Black women to continue to lead, make a change and break barriers in American politics. These results highlight some of the long-term impacts supporting HBCU environments has created for Black women in politics and America.
 
Keywords: black women, politics, underpresented, gender, leadership, historically black colleges and universitites
Students' Perceptions of Women in Management: 1988-2018
Authors: Frank Ellen
Published: March 2023

Replicates a study completed 30-years before regarding college students' perceptions of women in management. Questions include descriptions on semantic differential scales of male/female managers, personal preferences for a boss, and estimates on when management equality would be achieved by women. Factor analysis in 2018 defined the same three factors as in 1988. Male managers' factor scores are higher on "Managerial Behavior," female managers higher on "Consideration," and no significant difference for "Initiation of Structure" in both studies. When asked the preferred boss of a mixed-gender group, women are more likely to select a man, although this preference has decreased. There was a significant increase for females to choose a woman manager as their personal boss preference. Results indicate little change in the stereotypical description of a woman manager, and that current female students have the "Think manager - Think male" attitude. There is also the perception that in the population at-large, it is not yet acceptable for women to pursue a managerial career when married with children. However, men have significantly increased their personal acceptance of career women.
Keywords: woman in management, college student, perception of managers
Exploration of Women's Leadership Development Challenges and Transformational Learning: A Positional Paper
Authors: Andreas Sarah
Published: March 2023

My review of the positions that involving decision-making roles shows that women still hold less than 26% of the decision-making roles within Fortune Magazine’s list of Top 500 companies, higher education, and politics. Fortune 500 boards of directors and entrepreneurs show increasing rates of women in decision-making roles. Surveys related to the division of labor in households show that women are still responsible for the majority of the work needed to keep the household running. These factors, along with challenges such as a lack of positive social feedback for aspiring women leaders, gender stereotypes, educational methods, and a lack of prominent role models, can affect women’s development as leaders and the number of women in leadership roles. This paper explores social feedback, gender stereotypes, conditional teaching, and lack of role models as affecting women’s potential and development as leaders. This review also explores applying lessons from the transformational learning literature to women’s leadership development process.
Keywords: transformational learning, leadership development, identity development, women's leadership development, gender stereotypes, social constructs
RE-THINKING THE IMPACT OF ORGANISATIONAL SPONSORSHIP WITH LACANIAN THEORY
Authors: Rao Vasudha , Tootell Beth , Dickson Andrew
Published: March 2023

Sponsoring has been positioned as a powerful intervention for the career advancement of women, with career resilience as a key benefit of sponsorship. In this paper we utilise a psychoanalytic framework namely Lacanian discourse theory, to argue that this may not be the case, and that sponsoring may actually create a diagonally opposite result by creating (ir)resilience in individuals being sponsored. Our theoretical critique is supported by empirical data from qualitative interviews with participants across Europe, as well as an examination of extracts from accounts of sponsoring in published research. Our analysis supports an alternate way of thinking about sponsoring and has implications for human resource practice. We suggest reversing the hierarchical positioning of sponsors and sponsees to counter the (ir)resilience created in a hierarchical sponsoring relationship. The resulting artificially introduced hystericisation will set the scene for radical change and build career resilience in women, both as sponsors and sponsees.
Men’s Perceptions of the Value of Women Leaders in Higher Education
Authors: Jones Stephanie J. , Ryan Pal Patricia
Published: March 2023

This qualitative research study, framed by social role theory, explored the perceptions of 20 men faculty and academic administrators at doctoral-granting highest research-intensive universities located in the Southwestern region of the U.S. The focus of the study was their perceptions of the value of women leaders, the differences between how men and women are valued in higher education, and the stereotypes and challenges that contribute to how women are valued as leaders. Findings from this study show that men faculty and administrators do not always value women as leaders; differences between academia and industry may exist surrounding how women are valued as leaders; institutional leadership may perpetuate the devaluation of women as leaders; and the value of women in higher education leadership remains a reflection of how women are valued in society. Differences between how men and women are valued were also explored, finding that men faculty and administrators may not see the differences in value based on gender; gender differences exist in regards to standards for evaluation and reward in higher education; and women are perceived to devalue themselves. Challenges that contribute to how women are valued were identified, including the continuation of homosociality that promotes men supporting other men, and the existence of stereotypes and biases that give men an advantage and undermine women in leadership roles.
 
Keywords: social value, women’s leadership, gender
Women and Professional Generativity: Voices from the Field
Authors: Guramatunhu-Mudiwa Precious , Angel Roma
Published: March 2023

Aging brings with it a certain commitment to improving the lives of future generations and to giving back by engaging in productive pursuits that provide psychological well-being (Versey & Newton, 2013). Leaders and adults develop a heightened sense of communion with self and others and derive meaning and satisfaction through serving others (Slater, 2003). We present findings from a focus group comprised of nine college-educated women professionals from three countries, gathered for the purpose of discussing generativity in educational leadership. Purposeful sampling was employed to allow variation and representation of women in educational leadership. Positions held by focus group members ranged from principals, directors, professors to deans. The specific purpose was to obtain an in-depth understanding of experiences of women as they engaged with the concept of generativity in their personal and professional lives. The results suggested that commitments to generativity activities varied by experience, age, and race. Another important finding was the categorization of participant women into distinct identity markers of pathmakers, guardians, searchers and drifters (Josselson, 1996) as reflected by the focus and nature of their generativity activities. Further studies with women from different socioeconomic backgrounds and fields other than educational leadership need to be conducted to establish the universality of our findings. Keywords: women, educational leadership, generativity
Guiding Preservice Teachers to Adapt Mathematics Word Problems Through Interactions with ELLs
Authors: Kurz Terri L. , Gómez Conrado , Jimenez-Silva Margarita
Published: March 2023

In this article, the authors present a framework for guiding elementary preservice teachers in adapting mathematics word problems to better meet English language learners' (ELLs) needs. They analyze preservice teachers' ELL adaptations implemented in a one-on-one setting. Through qualitative methods, four themes regarding implemented adaptations are identified: language adaptations, mathematical adaptations, tool/visual adaptations, and structural adaptations. The authors conclude that the framework was successful in helping preservice teachers learn about adapting curriculum by interacting with ELLs. Implications for teacher education are discussed.