bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fixer le prix des entreprises
Authors: Benquet Marlène
Published: July 2018

Résumé Comment décider du juste prix d'une entreprise ? La réponse à cette question est la principale activité des fonds de capital investissement, acteurs centraux de la nouvelle phase de financiarisation de l'économie. Ce texte aborde l'analyse des manières de fixer les prix comme un moment, particulièrement crucial, de la circulation de l'argent dans l'espace social et de sa distribution entre secteurs et groupes d'individus particuliers. La détermination des prix est pensée comme une opération d'évaluation autant que de répartition des capitaux appropriables. Il consiste à montrer, à partir de données qualitatives, comment les modalités concrètes et locales de fixation des prix participent à la solidification d'un régime massif d'accumulation de capital. Pour ce faire, il distingue trois conditionnements de la formation des prix : par les règles d'accès au capital des membres des fonds d'investissement, « la raison du prix » ; par les anticipations de capital transférable de l'entreprise vers les fonds, « le niveau théorique du prix » ; par les mécanismes de coordination entre les différents participants à l'échange, « l'effectivité du prix ».
Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy in Moderate to High Astigmatism With a Non-wavefront–Guided Aberration-Neutral Ablation Profile
Authors: de Ortueta Diego , von Rüden Dennis , Verma Shwetabh , Magnago Thomas , Arba-Mosquera Samuel
Published: July 2018

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the outcomes of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in moderate to high astigmatism with a non-wavefront–guided aberration-neutral ablation profile using SmartPulse allocation.

METHODS:

In this retrospective study, myopic patients with a preoperative cylinder of 2.00 diopters (D) or greater were analyzed at 3 months of follow-up. Transepithelial PRK treatments were performed in each patient with the Amaris 1050RS laser (SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions, Kleinostheim, Germany) creating aspheric ablation profiles by applying a SmartPulse allocation. Standard examinations and wavefront analyses were included for low and high ocular residual astigmatism subgroups.

RESULTS:

Fifty-eight eyes (44 patients) were included in the cohort. The eyes were divided into separate ocular residual astigmatism subgroups: 17 eyes presented with less than 0.50 D (low ocular residual astigmatism) and 24 eyes with greater than 0.75 D (high ocular residual astigmatism). The mean refractive cylinder in the entire cohort was 2.84 ± 0.86 D preoperatively and 0.40 ± 0.39 D postoperatively, with 81% of the eyes within 0.75 D of the target astigmatism. At 3 months of follow-up, significant improvement (
P
< .05) was seen in terms of sphere, cylinder, spherical equivalent, and uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity. CDVA improved in 40% of eyes and 3% of eyes lost one line of CDVA. No clinically relevant changes were seen in higher order aberrations. The refractive changes showed an excellent match with the keratometric changes. The difference between the low and high ocular residual astigmatism subgroups was not significant except for the change of Snellen lines of CDVA (
P
< .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Transepithelial PRK using a non-wavefront–guided aberration-neutral ablation profile performed by applying SmartPulse allocation yielded excellent visual outcomes. The preoperative astigmatism was reduced to subclinical values. Both subgroups were effective in terms of UDVA, CDVA, spherical and astigmatic correction, and preserving higher order aberrations. However, the low ocular residual astigmatism subgroup was slightly more prone to gain lines of CDVA.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(7):466–474.]
Impact of a Displaced Corneal Apex in Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Steinwender Gernot , Shajari Mehdi , Mayer Wolfgang J. , Kook Daniel , Ardjomand Navid , Vidic Bertram , Kohnen Thomas , Wedrich Andreas
Published: July 2018

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the possible impact of a displaced corneal apex (point of maximum curvature) on visual results and tomographic parameters after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:

In this retrospective evaluation, eyes with uncomplicated SMILE for myopia correction were classified in two groups based on their preoperative distance between the corneal apex and corneal vertex (corneal intercept with the patient's line of sight) of 1 mm or greater (large A-V distance) or less than 1 mm (small A-V distance). All surgeries were performed during the early learning curve of two surgeons. Visual outcome parameters included uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity, manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE), and refractive astigmatism 3 months postoperatively. Scheimpflug-derived tomographic outcome parameters included mean keratometry value, root mean square higher order aberrations (RMS HOAs), and optical zone decentration.

RESULTS:

The study comprised 94 eyes of 48 patients: 44 eyes in the large A-V distance group and 50 eyes in the small A-V distance group. Preoperative and postoperative RMS HOAs were significantly higher in the large A-V distance group than in the small A-V distance group (
P
= .002 and .008, respectively). Postoperative CDVA was significantly better in the small A-V distance group (
P
= .014). There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative UDVA, MRSE, refractive astigmatism, mean keratometry value, and optical zone decentration.

CONCLUSIONS:

After SMILE, CDVA was significantly worse in eyes with a preoperatively displaced corneal apex compared to eyes with a more central corneal apex. However, good visual results were achieved in both groups.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(7):460–465.]
Stereopsis Simulating Small-Aperture Corneal Inlay and Monovision Conditions
Authors: Castro José J. , Ortiz Carolina , Jiménez José R. , Ortiz-Peregrina Sonia , Casares-López Miriam
Published: July 2018

PURPOSE:

To analyze stereoscopic vision under a broad range of experimental conditions simulating small-aperture corneal inlay and monovision conditions.

METHODS:

A total of 10 patients participated in the study. The anisocoria generated by corneal inlays was simulated by using a small-aperture contact lens fitted on the non-dominant eye. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity function, visual discrimination capacity (halo perception), and stereoacuity tests were performed under natural conditions or when the non-dominant eye wore the small-aperture contact lens under two conditions: induced anisocoria and induced anisocoria combined with monovision (using two add-powers: +0.75 and +1.25 diopters [D]). Stereoscopic vision and binocular summation were analyzed under those experimental conditions and for far, intermediate, and near vision.

RESULTS:

The results showed a deterioration in stereoacuity with respect to natural conditions, being significant mainly for near and intermediate distances. Results with other visual functions showed a deterioration of the binocular summation and therefore of visual performance, although not in a generalized way for all distances. Binocular visual acuity under the conditions that used the small-aperture contact lens was comparable to that of the natural eye.

CONCLUSIONS:

The deterioration of stereopsis and other binocular functions found in this study may be acceptable for patients who had this surgical technique because it is similar to the deterioration found in other surgical procedures of emmetropization.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(7):482–488.]
Comparison of the Distribution of Lenticule Decentration Following SMILE by Subjective Patient Fixation or Triple Marking Centration
Authors: Kang David Sung Yong , Lee Hun , Reinstein Dan Z. , Roberts Cynthia J. , Arba-Mosquera Samuel , Archer Timothy J. , Kim Eung Kweon , Seo Kyoung Yul , Kim Tae-im
Published: July 2018

PURPOSE:

To investigate lenticule decentration following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) via the subjective patient fixation method or triple marking centration method and compare inductions of corneal higher order aberrations (HOAs) between the two methods.

METHODS:

This study analyzed decentration values obtained from the Keratron Scout (Optikon, Rome, Italy) tangential topography difference map of 110 eyes (110 patients) undergoing SMILE with the subjective patient fixation method (n = 55) or triple marking centration method (n = 55). Root mean square values of total HOAs, 3rd order coma aberration, and 4th order spherical aberration, as well as individual coefficients for vertical and horizontal coma, were measured preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Relationships between the magnitudes of decentration and induced corneal HOAs were assessed.

RESULTS:

There were significant differences in horizontal decentered displacement (
P
= .048), vertical decentered displacement (
P
= .002), and total decentered displacement (
P
= .001) between the two groups. Total HOAs, coma, vertical coma, and spherical aberration significantly increased in the subjective patient fixation method (all
P
< .001), whereas total HOAs (
P
= .002) and vertical coma (
P
= .005) increased in the triple marking centration method. Induction of total HOAs (mean values: 0.13 vs 0.07;
P
= .026), coma (0.09 vs 0.03;
P
= .032), and spherical aberration (0.08 vs 0.02;
P
= .013) was significantly greater in the subjective patient fixation method than in the triple marking centration method. Association between the total decentered displacement and induced vertical coma (
P
= .006) or induced spherical aberration (
P
= .018) was significant in the subjective patient fixation method.

CONCLUSIONS:

SMILE with the triple marking centration method can yield improved treatment centration and smaller induction of total HOAs, coma, and spherical aberrations.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(7):446–452.]
Rotational Stability and Visual Outcomes of V4c Toric Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Lee Hun , Kang David Sung Yong , Choi Jin Young , Ha Byoung Jin , Kim Eung Kweon , Seo Kyoung Yul , Kim Tae-im
Published: July 2018

PURPOSE:

To investigate the clinical outcomes and rotational stability following implantation of V4c toric implantable collamer lenses (ICLs) (STAAR Surgical Company, Monrovia, CA) and to analyze the factors that influence rotational stability.

METHODS:

In this prospective observational case series, the authors analyzed the visual outcomes and rotational stability in 52 eyes of 52 patients immediately and 3 and 6 months after implantation. Postoperative rotation was defined as the angle between the adjusted axis and alignment axis. Central vaulting of the ICL was measured in a non-accommodative state using Visante optical coherence tomography (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). Vector analysis of refractive astigmatism was performed. Regression analysis was used to investigate the association between the degree of rotation 6 months postoperatively and the associated variables.

RESULTS:

The mean efficacy index and safety index 6 months postoperatively were 1.35 ± 0.19 and 1.38 ± 0.22, respectively. In vector analysis, the magnitude of error was −0.20 diopters (D), indicating slight undercorrection. Absolute degree of rotation was 2.81° ± 1.87° immediately after the operation and 3.75° ± 2.92° and 3.87° ± 3.07° at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, respectively (
P
= .009). Bonferroni-adjusted post-hoc comparison showed that the absolute degree of rotation immediately after the operation was significantly smaller than that after 3 (
P
= .043) and 6 (
P
= .023) months, with barely any change after 3 months. No explanatory variable relevant to the absolute degree of rotation was discovered.

CONCLUSIONS:

The V4c toric ICL is predictable, safe, and effective in correcting low and high levels of astigmatism, showing relatively good postoperative rotational stability.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(7):489–496.]
Traumatic Brain Injury in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Hussain Elora
Published: July 2018

Head trauma is a leading cause of brain injury in children, and it can have profound lifelong physical, cognitive, and behavioral consequences. Optimal acute care of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) requires rapid stabilization and early neurosurgical evaluation by a multidisciplinary team. Meticulous attention is required to limit secondary brain injury after the initial trauma. This review discusses pathophysiology, acute stabilization, and monitoring, as well as supportive and therapeutic measures to help minimize ongoing brain injury and optimize recovery in children with TBI.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2018;47(7):e274–e279.]
Ganadería, tenencia de la tierra e impacto ambiental en una región fronteriza de la nueva España: La jurisdicción de la villa de Santiago de los valles de Oxitipia, 1527-1921
Authors: Aguilar-Robledo Miguel
Published: July 2018

En el contexto regional e histórico de la jurisdicción colonial de Santiago de los Valles de Oxitipa (estado de San Luis Potosí), parte de la región Huasteca en el noroeste de México, este artículo documenta tres procesos concomitantes: la introducción y difusión de la ganadería; la privatización del suelo y el impacto ambiental de ambos procesos. Para ilustrar esas transformaciones, se analizan los antecedentes ibéricos de las prácticas e instituciones ganaderas que se desarrollaron en esta región fronteriza de la Nueva España. La ganadería colonial en la Alcaldía Mayor de Santiago de los Valles, dada su gran movilidad y carácter extensivo, no pudo causar el duro impacto ambiental que se le ha atribuido en otras regiones de la Nueva España. A este bajo impacto ambiental contribuyeron tanto el incipiente desarrollo del sistema español de tenencia de la tierra, el cual permitió una gran movilidad animal, como la progresiva disminución del hato. Las altas presiones ganaderas sobre los ecosistemas de la región al comienzo del Virreinato, más que a intensificarsem tendieron a disminuir, permitiendo así una paulatina recuperación de los equilibrios naturales en la jurisdicción de Valles hacia principios de 1800.
Influence of river discharge on zooplankton diet in the Godavari estuary (Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean)
Authors: Mukherjee Jayati , Naidu Sura A. , Sarma V.V.S.S. , Ghosh Tuhin
Published: July 2018

In estuaries, detrital (i.e., non-living) organic matter (OM) contributes significantly to the particulate organic matter (POM) pool and we hypothesize that it may be a major source of estuarine zooplankton diet. To test this hypothesis, the isotopic composition of carbon (d13C) and nitrogen (d15N) of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and POM was assessed in the Godavari estuary (Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean) during wet (November) and dry periods (January). As a result of higher riverine discharge, POM concentrations and values of the C/Chl-a ratio during the wet period were higher than those measured during the dry one. Relatively lower δ13CPOM values were observed during wet than dry period and contrasting to that was found for δ15NPOM. Detritus from fresh water algae and C3 plants contributed significantly to the POM pool during the wet and dry period, respectively. Based on isotopic mixing model, detrital OM and phytoplankton mostly characterized the POM pools during the wet and dry periods, respectively. Accordingly, our results suggest also that the zooplankton diet was mostly supported by detrital OM during the wet period and by both phytoplankton and detrital OM during the dry one. The zooplankton trophic level (TL, 2.7) during the wet period was relatively higher than that (1.9) during the dry one, suggesting a relative higher preference for detritus than phytoplankton during the wet period. The results of this study allowed us confirming that detrital OM can significantly support zooplankton production in the Godavari estuary.
Lamin-A/C Variants Found in Patients with Cardiac Conduction Disease Reduce Sodium Currents
Authors: Olaopa Michael A. , Spoonamore Katherine G. , Bhakta Deepak , Chen Zhenhui , Celestino-Soper Patricia B.S. , Chen Peng-Sheng , Ai Tomohiko , Vatta Matteo
Published: July 2018

Variants in the LMNA gene, which encodes Lamin-A/C, have been commonly associated with cardiac conduction system diseases usually accompanying cardiomyopathy. We have seen two unrelated patients who presented with atrioventricular block (AVB) with or without cardiomyopathy. Genetic testing identified the LMNA missense variant c.1634G>A (p.R545H) and the single nucleotide deletion c.859delG (p.A287Lfs*193). The deletion leads to a shift in the reading frame and subsequent protein truncation. Since impaired Nav1.5 function has been reported to cause AVB, we sought to investigate the effects of abnormal Lamins on Nav1.5 in HEK-293 cells using patch-clamp methods. Patch-clamp studies showed that p.R545H decreased the peak INa by approximately 70%. The voltage-dependency of steady state inactivation was rightward shifted in the cells transfected with p.R545H. The p.A287Lfs*193 also decreased the peak INa by approximately 62%. The voltagedependency of steady state inactivation was rightward shifted in the cells transfected with p.A287Lfs*193. Variants of the LMNA gene caused significant reduction of the peak INa in HEK-293 cells, which may account for the patients’ AVB.
Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in Childhood Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Time to Solve the Mystery
Authors: Norrish Gabrielle , Kaski Jnua Pablo
Published: July 2018

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined as left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of loading conditions sufficient to cause the observed abnormality. The true prevalence in childhood is unknown; the aetiology is more heterogeneous than that seen in adult populations, and includes inborn errors of metabolism, malformation syndromes and neuromuscular syndromes. However, one of the greatest clinical challenges in managing young patients with HCM is identifying those at greatest risk of sudden cardiac death.
A rare cause of pneumoperitoneum
Authors: Poor Daniel , Ramirez Mayra , McGovern Terrance , Shroff Ninad
Published: July 2018

Not available.
Percutaneous artery embolization of bleeding rectus sheath hematomas in hemodynamically unstable patients: Outcomes of 43 patients in a tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Cereda Alberto , Aseni Paolo , De Capitani Lucio , Cereda Marco , Vercelli Ruggero , Giannattasio Cristina , Rampoldi Antonio Gaetano
Published: July 2018

Rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) is an uncommon cause of abdominal pain that can lead to life-threatening bleeding, particularly in elderly patients receiving anticoagulation therapy. Type III RSHs, based on computer tomography (CT) evaluation, is characterized by active bleeding with intramuscular or intraperitoneal extension and hemodynamic instability. Medical contemporary knowledge of this condition is contentious and overall 20% of acute mortality has been reported. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review our experience and outcomes in the management of RSHs treated with percutaneous arterial embolization of the epigastric vessels. We retrospectively analyzed 43 patients with RSH type III, submitted to percutaneous epigastric artery embolization from 2007 to 2015. Percutaneous arterial embolization was feasible and successful in patients with a high burden of comorbidities and receiving anticoagulation therapy. There was no acute mortality and a late mortality at 3 months of 9.1% (4/43) was not directly related to RSHs or arterial embolization. Patients with late mortality had lower ejection fraction, prolonged PTT, greater RDW and warfarin in overlapping with low-molecular-weight heparins. Transcatheter arterial embolization of the epigastric vessels was safe, feasible and effective in stopping the bleeding. Despite anti-platelets/anti-coagulation therapy and a high burden of comorbidities, there was no acute mortality related to RSH.
Epiploic appendages' inflammation: appendagitis. Report of two cases and literature overview
Authors: Di Blasi Aldo , Zulli Luigi , Viscomi Antonio , Tricerri Augusto
Published: July 2018

Epiploic Appendagitis (EA) is an uncommon, benign, self-limiting inflammatory process of the epiploic appendices. Other, older terms for the process include appendicitis epiploica and appendagitis, but these terms are used less now in order to avoid confusion with acute appendicitis. Epiploic appendices are small, fat-filled sacs or finger-like projections along the surface of the lower colon and rectum. They may become acutely inflamed as a result of torsion (twisting) or venous thrombosis. The inflammation causes pain, often described as sharp or stabbing, located on the left, right, or central regions of the abdomen. There is sometimes nausea and vomiting. The symptoms may mimic those of acute appendicitis, diverticulitis, or cholecystitis. Initial lab studies are usually normal. EA is usually diagnosed incidentally on CT scan which is performed to exclude more serious conditions. Epiploic appendagitis usually does not require surgical intervention. It is self-limiting, the symptoms can be treated with analgesics and subsides in about a week.
Academy of Emergency Medicine and Care-Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology consensus recommendations for clinical use of sepsis biomarkers in the emergency department
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Montagnana Martina , Balboni Fiamma , Bellone Andrea , Casagranda Ivo , Cavazza Mario , Da Rin Giorgio , Coen Daniele , Giavarina Davide , Giostra Fabrizio , Guzzetti Stefano , Pauri Paola , Sbrojavacca Rodolfo , Trenti Tommaso , Ciaccio Marcello , Cervellin Gianfranco
Published: July 2018

Increasing evidence is emerging that the measurement of circulating biomarkers may be clinically useful for diagnosing and monitoring sepsis. Eight members of AcEMC (Academy of Emergency Medicine and Care) and eight members of SIBioC (Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine) were identified by the two scientific societies for producing a consensus document aimed to define practical recommendations about the use of biomarkers for diagnosing of sepsis and managing antibiotic therapy in the emergency department (ED). The cumulative opinions allowed defining three grade A recommendations (i.e., highly recommended indications), entailing ordering modality (biomarkers always available on prescription), practical use (results should be interpreted according to clinical information) and test ordering defined according to biomarker kinetics. Additional grade B recommendations (i.e., potentially valuable indications) entailed general agreement that biomarkers assessment may be of clinical value in the diagnostic approach of ED patients with suspected sepsis, suggestion for combined assessment of procalcitonin (PCT) and Creactive protein (CRP), free availability of the selected biomarker(s) on prescription, adoption of diagnostic threshold prioritizing high negative predictive value, preference for more analytically sensitive techniques, along with potential clinical usefulness of measuring PCT for monitoring antibiotic treatment, with serial testing defined according to biomarker kinetics. PCT and CRP were the two biomarkers that received the largest consensus as sepsis biomarkers (grade B recommendation), and a grade B recommendation was also reached for routine assessment of blood lactate. The assessment of biomarkers other than PCT and CRP was discouraged, with exception of presepsin for which substantial uncertainty in favor or against remained.
Current application of high flow oxygen nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in the emergency department
Authors: Bottani Giulia , Centurioni Fabio , Veronese Giacomo , Vincenti Fabrizio , Forni Elisa , Bellone Andrea
Published: July 2018

High flow oxygen with nasal cannula (HFONC) is a relatively new mode of oxygen delivery. Advantages of HFONC versus conventional oxygen therapy (COT) encompass carbon dioxide washout, generation of a slight positive end-expiratory pressure and maintenance of humidified gas flow through airways. These features are mostly shared with non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), although with lack of a clearly comparable efficacy. In the last few years, HFONC has gained interest as a third alternative to COT and NIMV in the management of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in the critically ill patient, both in intensive care units and emergency departments. The aim of this article is to review indications, effects and existing evidence on HFONC, COT and NIMV in the setting of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.
Evaluation of the use of analgesics for blunt thoracic trauma in the accident and emergency department
Authors: Valli Riccardo , Maino Carlo , Etteri Massimiliano , Maj Marta
Published: July 2018

Proper pain management is an essential process when dealing with a patient suffering from blunt thoracic trauma, because it blocks the vicious circle that leads to the development of trauma related complications. This retrospective study deals with the use of pain killers administered in the Accidents and Emergency Department (ED) and prescribed at discharge to patients suffering from blunt thoracic trauma. The analysis confirms the existence of oligoanalgesia, that is an inadequate pain treatment, in clinical practice. Out of 214 patients involved in the study, only 78 patients (36.4%) received at least one pain killing drug during their stay in the ED. More than half of the patients discharged within 24 hours of admittance to the ED received no detailed advice about pain relief therapy and 8% of them (11 out of 136) returned to the ED within 15 days for persisting symptoms. Four were eventually admitted to hospital due to deterioration in their clinical conditions.
Management of transient loss of consciousness in emergency department: what’s new from 2018 European Society of Cardiology guidelines?
Authors: Brignole Michele
Published: July 2018

Not available.
Prone positioning in severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in the emergency ward
Authors: Bellone Andrea , Basile Adriano
Published: July 2018

This paper reports the authors’ preliminary experience with three patients affected by severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to bilateral pneumonia placed in a prone position in Emergency Medicine Ward during application of high flow oxygen nasal cannula.
Obesity treatment by Bioenterics intragastric balloon: Iranian results
Authors: Foroutan Mojgan , Ardeshiri Maryam
Published: July 2018

We studied the effectiveness, tolerability and safety of Bioenteric Intragastric Balloon (BIB) for treatment of obesity in Iranian population. 52 patients (46 female (88.5%), mean age: 35.5 ±10, mean body weight: 107.6±25.4 kg) referred to two major training hospitals in Tehran, Iran, after evaluation by a multidisciplinary team, underwent endoscopic BIB placement under unconscious sedation. BIB was removed after 6 months and patients were discharged with drug therapy and 1000 kcal diet. Weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) were assessed at baseline, 6 months and 1 year after BIB insertion. The mean weight and BMI at baseline were 107.6±25.4 kg and 39.4±7.9 kg/m2; 6 months after balloon placement, they were 88.7±21.9 kg and 32.5±7.4 kg and 6 months after balloon removal, they were 93.4±21.9kg and 34.85±8.2 kg/m2 respectively. The weight decline was statistically significant throughout the study and follow up with p value <0.001. The most frequent side effects were nausea and vomiting which were resolved in the majority of cases by one week. No major complications, such as death, gastric obstruction, gastric or esophageal perforation, or balloon displacement occurred in our study. BIB is a safe, effective and well-tolerated treatment of obesity, but its effects are temporary, so it should be accompanied and followed by other methods to achieve sustained weight reduction.
Maternal risk factors for neonatal jaundice: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Tehran
Authors: Tavakolizadeh Reza , Izadi Anahita , Seirafi Golnar , Khedmat Leila , Mojtahedi Sayed Yousef
Published: July 2018

Diagnosis and timely treatment of neonatal jaundice is critical to preventing its dangerous side effects. Knowing the predisposing factors of neonatal jaundice is still a serious debate, which can be effective in controlling jaundice and the primary problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate maternal risk factors that contribute to the Hyperbilirubinemia among newborns admitted to Imam Khomeini and Ziaeean hospitals during 2015. We collected random samplings for the current study. Medical records for all newborns with jaundice were examined for risk factors associated with Hyperbilirubinemia. All variables were analyzed by SPSS software, version 19. Chi-square test and T-test were applied to evaluate qualitative and quantitative data, respectively. Our findings revealed that maternal age, weight, BMI, WBC, Hb, PLT, birth in the first pregnancy, numbers of pregnancies and prolonged delivery were significantly associated with bilirubin levels. Preventing the risk correlated with maternal factors or identifying neonates with these risk factors is important in effective management of infants. Therefore, the evaluation of neonatal jaundice in health care services should always be considered as a fundamental policy.
The impact of elderly social care in the United Kingdom: migrants’ perspective
Authors: Ekeagwu Osinachi Akanwa , Ukpai Stanley Idika
Published: July 2018

Due to the growing elderly population in the United Kingdom, there is increasing demand for formal carers. Research suggests that elderly care may be associated with adverse impacts, however not much is known about migrants who constitute a considerable proportion of formal carers. Given that migrants already face peculiar challenges related to cultural assimilation and social integration, it becomes necessary to investigate the impact of a burdensome yet well sought job among them. This study therefore aimed to investigate the impact (burden and benefit) of elderly social care among migrant carers. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used and data obtained through snowball sampling using web-based questionnaires. Majority of participants (51.6%) confirmed that the choice of the job was financially motivated, even though most (63.3%) experienced stress. Apparently, the perceived stress was related to frustrations stemming from their skills not being fully utilised, but unrelated to gender, prior experience and cultural background. Nevertheless, 66.7% remained happy to recommend their job to others. The inherent caregiver burden should be recognised and addressed by all parties involved including the carers, employers and policy makers. Although the avoidance of caregiver burden entirely may be impossible, there should be room for decreasing this impact and providing respite for those already affected.
Small-for-flow liver failure after extended hepatectomy: hot questions and an update
Authors: Famularo Simone , Gianotti Luca , Riggio Oliviero
Published: July 2018

Small-for-size liver syndrome and posthepatectomy liver failure remain a major challenge for surgeons. Recently, updates in literature points to describe this two syndrome as two face of the same coin. These syndromes are characterized by hyperbilirubinemia, coagulopathy, hyper-GGT, high portal pressure and flow in liver remnant, occurring within the first postoperative week. It can lead to post-operative sepsis and bleeding, increasing mortality and morbidity. Despite the large experience in the field of transplantation, few studies are focused on small-for-size syndrome after major hepatectomy. For years, scientists were focused on the size of liver remnant, supposing a small liver remnant, in relation with the primary liver size, was the cause of the syndrome. The strategies used to prevent it after transplantation, have however shown a predominant role of high portal pressure and flow, leading to an alteration in functional regeneration of liver parenchyma, as the prevalent mechanism. According to these evidences, we suggest adopting another nomenclature for the two syndromes: small-for-flow-liver failure. In this article, we analyze and summarize different experiences, proposing our inward algorithm, including the role of portal flow and pressure measurements. This review seeks to be an operative instrument for surgeons and hepatologists in an effort to find a common point of view regarding small for flow liver failure and its management strategies.
Solitary cecal ulceration causing hematochezia
Authors: Yadav Abhijeet , Feuerstein Joseph D.
Published: July 2018

Not available
How to choose and become a reviewer for a scientific medical journal
Authors: Gnerre Paola , Vescovo Giorgio , Granata Paola , Politi Cecilia , Fontanella Andrea , Manfellotto Dario , Nardi Roberto
Published: July 2018

Peer review is the process of subjecting an author’s scholarly work, research or ideas to the scrutiny of others who are experts in the same field. The peer review of scientific manuscripts is a cornerstone of modern science and medicine. Some journals have difficulty in finding appropriate reviewers who are able to complete reviews on time avoiding publication delay. We discuss some of the main issues involved during the peer review process. The reviewer has a direct and important impact on the quality of a scientific medical Journal. Editors select reviewers on the basis of their expertise. Reviewers are more likely to accept to review a manuscript when it is relevant to their area of interest. They should respond to ethical principles, excluding any conflict of interest condition. The reviewer has to be professional, constructive, tactful, empathetic and respectful. Structured approaches, quality indicators and step-by-step process check list formats could be useful in obtaining a good review.
Sudden cardiac death in young people and athletes
Authors: Corrado Domenico , Zorzi Alessandro
Published: July 2018

The sudden death of a young subject or athlete is a rare but tragic event. The most common mechanism of cardiac arrest leading to sudden death is abrupt ventricular fibrillation as a consequence of an underlying cardiovascular disease. The culprit diseases are often clinically silent and unlikely to be suspected or diagnosed on the basis of spontaneous symptoms. The longrunning Italian experience with medical evaluation of young individuals before their participation in sports has provided compelling evidence that screening the young populations for at-risk cardiac diseases offers the potential to identify asymptomatic athletes who have potentially lethal cardiovascular abnormalities and may protect them from the risk of sudden death. In this review we will discuss cardiovascular causes of sudden death in young people and athletes with particular emphasis on pathological findings and pathophysiology of sudden cardiac arrest. Occurrence of prodromal symptoms, possible early diagnosis at preparticipation screening and early defibrillation in the sports arenas will also be addressed.
Young FADOI and gender medicine: sex gender differences in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Ciarambino Tiziana , Gino Miriam , Gnerre Paola , Barbagelata Elena , Barone Nunzia , Saladini Francesca , Lorenzi Federica , Zanon Marta , Pasquini Maria Cristina , Politi Cecilia
Published: July 2018

We have evaluated gender-related differences in cardiovascular disease. In particular, in coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, arterial hypertension, venous thromboembolism and diabetes mellitus.
Transient global amnesia: an uncommon presentation of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Tirelli Paolo , Cacciapuoti Fulvio , Scarano Filomena , Cacciapuoti Federico
Published: July 2018

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is an acute neurological syndrome characterized by sudden-onset global (anterograde and retrograde) amnesia, without compromising other neurological functions. This clinical condition lasts up to 24 h with whole restoration. Several causes have been proposed as responsible for it. Among these, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was reported as a rare cause of TGA. Sympathetic hyperactivity occurring too early in AMI seems to induce vasospasm, responsible for venous cerebral congestion acting on hippocampal and temporal structures and consequent memory loss. A rare case of TGA as precocious display of subsequent AMI was described.
Are multiple-choice questions a good tool for the assessment of clinical competence in Internal Medicine?
Authors: Tangianu Flavio , Mazzone Antonino , Berti Franco , Pinna Giuliano , Bortolotti Irene , Colombo Fabrizio , Nozzoli Carlo , La Regina Micaela , Greco Antonio , Filannino Cristina , Silingardi Mauro , Nardi Roberto
Published: July 2018

There are many feasible tools for the assessment of clinical practice, but there is a wide consensus on the fact that the simultaneous use of several different methods could be strategic for a comprehensive overall judgment of clinical competence. Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are a well-established reliable method of assessing knowledge. Constructing effective MCQ tests and items requires scrupulous care in the design, review and validation stages. Creating high-quality multiple-choice questions requires a very deep experience, knowledge and large amount of time. Hereby, after reviewing their construction, strengths and limitations, we debate their completeness for the assessment of professional competence.
Assessment of malpractice claims associated with rotator cuff surgery
Authors: Deckey David , Eltorai Adam E.M. , Gil Joseph A. , Daniels Alan H.
Published: July 2018

Rotator cuff surgery is a commonly performed and may lead to malpractice litigation. Despite this, there is a paucity of data evaluating outcomes of malpractice litigation following rotator cuff surgery. A retrospective investigation of the VerdictSearch legal claims database following rotator cuff surgery was performed. Plaintiff demographics, reason for litigation, and the effect of surgical complications were assessed as were the proportion of plaintiff rulings and size of payments. In total, 40 cases were analyzed. Mean age of plaintiffs was 52±11.2 years; 30 (75%) plaintiffs were male. Twenty-six cases (65% of suits) named pain and weakness as a complication of the procedure. In total, 60% (24) resulted in a defendant ruling, 25% (10) in a plaintiff ruling, and 15% (6) in a settlement. Total liabilities of the 40 cases were $15,365,321 with individual awards ranging from $75,000 to $5,000,000. Mean plaintiff award was $694,032±$586,835 (range: $75,000 to $1,900,000). Mean settlement amount was $1,404,167±$1,816,481 (range: $75,000 to $5,000,000). This study is the first examination of legal claims following rotator cuff surgery. Objective symptoms following surgery, such as decreased range of motion and rotator cuff weakness, as well as subjective complaints of pain and suffering were the most common reason for litigation, and when successful, led to indemnity payments averaging under $1 million each.
On surjectivity and denseness of range of the operator $A+CX$
Authors: Cvetković-Ilić Dragana S. , Pavlović Vladimir
Published: July 2018

Motivated by a result of Takahashi from
Invertible completions of operator matrices
, Integr. Equ. Oper. Theory 21 (1995) 355–361, in this paper we investigate the problems of characterization of all the pairs of operators

A\in\mathcal B(\mathcal H,\mathcal K)

and

C\in\mathcal B(\mathcal L,\mathcal K)

for which there exists some

X\in\mathcal B(\mathcal H,\mathcal L)

such that the operator

A+CX

is surjective/with dense range, for some

X\in\mathcal B(\mathcal H,\mathcal K)

. We completely solve the former and give some partial results regarding the latter one.
Eigensystem bootstrap multiscale analysis for the Anderson model
Authors: Klein Abel , Tsang Chi Shing Sidney
Published: July 2018

We use a bootstrap argument to enhance the eigensystem multiscale analysis, introduced by Elgart and Klein for proving localization for the Anderson model at high disorder. The eigensystem multiscale analysis studies finite volume eigensystems, not finite volume Green’s functions. It yields pure point spectrum with exponentially decaying eigenfunctions and dynamical localization. The starting hypothesis for the eigensystem bootstrapmultiscale analysis only requires the verification of polynomial decay of the finite volume eigenfunctions, at some sufficiently large scale, with some minimal probability independent of the scale. It yields exponential localization of finite volume eigenfunctions in boxes of side

L

, with the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions labeled by the sites of the box, with probability higher than

1-\mathrm{e}^{-L^\xi}

, for any desired

0 <\xi <1

.
Statistical analysis of contrail to cirrus evolution during the Contrail and Cirrus Experiment (CONCERT)
Authors: Chauvigné Aurélien , Jourdan Olivier , Schwarzenboeck Alfons , Gourbeyre Christophe , Gayet Jean François , Voigt Christiane , Schlager Hans , Kaufmann Stefan , Borrmann Stephan , Molleker Sergej , Minikin Andreas , Jurkat Tina , Schumann Ulrich
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Air traffic
affects cloudiness, and thus climate, by emitting exhaust gases and
particles. The study of the evolution of contrail properties is very
challenging due to the complex interplay of vortex dynamics and the
atmospheric environment (e.g. temperature, supersaturation). Despite
substantial progress in recent years, the optical, microphysical, and
macrophysical properties of contrails and ambient cirrus during contrail
formation and subsequent ageing are still subject to large uncertainties due
to instrumental and observational limitations and the large number of
variables influencing the contrail life cycle. In this study, various
contrail cases corresponding to different aircraft types and atmospheric
conditions are investigated using a statistical method based on the in situ
optical measurements performed during the Contrail and Cirrus Experiments
(CONCERT) campaigns 2008 and 2011. The two aircraft campaigns encompass more
than 17 aircraft contrail cases. A principal component analysis (PCA) of the
angular scattering coefficients measured by the polar nephelometer is
implemented. The goal is to classify the sampled ice cloud measurements in
several clusters representative of different contrail development stages
(primary wake, young contrail, aged contrail, and cirrus). Extinction and
asymmetry coefficients, nitrogen oxide concentrations, and relative humidity
with respect to ice and particle size distributions are analysed for each
cluster to characterize the evolution of ice cloud properties during the
contrail to cirrus evolution. The PCA demonstrates that contrail optical
properties are well suited to identify and discriminate between the different
contrail growth stages and to characterize the evolution of contrail
properties.
On sampling bias adjustment for sparsely observing satellite instruments for the example of carbonyl sulfide (OCS)
Authors: Kloss Corinna , von Hobe Marc , Höpfner Michael , Walker Kaley A. , Riese Martin , Ungermann Jörn , Hassler Birgit , Kremser Stefanie , Bodeker Greg E.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. When computing climatological averages of atmospheric trace gas mixing ratios obtained from satellite-based measurements, sampling biases arise if data coverage is not uniform in space and time. Complete homogeneous spatio-temporal coverage is essentially impossible to achieve. Solar occultation measurements, by virtue of satellite orbits and the requirement of direct observation of the sun through the atmosphere, result in particularly sparse spatial coverage. In this study, a method is presented to adjust for such sampling biases when calculating climatological means. The method is demonstrated using carbonyl sulfide (OCS) measurements at 16 km altitude from the ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform 15 Spectrometer). At this altitude, OCS mixing ratios show a steep gradient between the poles and equator. ACE-FTS measurements, which are provided as vertically resolved profiles, and integrated stratospheric OCS columns are used in this study. The bias adjustment procedure requires no additional observations other than the satellite data product itself and is expected to be generally applicable when constructing climatologies of long-lived tracers from sparsely and heterogeneously sampled satellite data. In a first step of the adjustment procedure, a regression model is used to fit a 2-D surface to all available ACE-FTS OCS measurements as a function of day-of-year and latitude. The regression model fit is used to calculate an adjustment factor, 20 which is then used to adjust each measurement individually. The mean of the adjusted measurement points of a chosen spatio-temporal frame is then used as the bias-free climatological value. When applying the adjustment factor to seasonal averages in 30° zones, the maximum spatio-temporal sampling bias adjustment was 11 % for OCS mixing ratios at 16 km and 5 % for the stratospheric OCS column. The adjustments were validated against the much denser and more homogeneous OCS data product from the limb-sounding MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) instrument, and both the direction and sign of the adjustments were in agreement with the adjustment of the ACE-FTS data.
Export flux of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate from temperate forested catchments: A possible new index for nitrogen saturation
Authors: Nakagawa Fumiko , Tsunogai Urumu , Obata Yusuke , Ando Kenta , Yamashita Naoyuki , Saito Tatsuyoshi , Uchiyama Shigeki , Morohashi Masayuki , Sase Hiroyuki
Published: July 2018

Abstract. To clarify the biological processing of nitrate within temperate forested catchments using unprocessed atmospheric nitrate exported from each catchment as a tracer, we continuously monitored stream nitrate concentrations and stable isotopic compositions including 17O-excess (Δ17O) in three forested catchments in Japan (KJ, IJ1, and IJ2) for more than two years. The catchments showed varying flux-weighted average nitrate concentrations: 58.4, 24.4, and 17.1 µmol L−1 in KJ, IJ1, and IJ2, respectively. In addition to stream nitrate, nitrate concentrations and stable isotopic compositions in soil water were determined for comparison in the most nitrate-enriched catchment (the KJ site). While 17O-excess of nitrate in soil water showed significant seasonal variation, ranging from +0.1 to +5.7 ‰, stream nitrate showed small variation, from +0.8 to +2.0‰ in KJ, +0.7 to +2.8 ‰ in IJ1, and +0.4 to +2.2‰ in IJ2. We concluded that the major source of stream nitrate in each forested catchment was nitrate in groundwater, which buffered the seasonal variations in soil water nitrate. The estimated annual export flux of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate accounted for 9.4 ± 2.6 %, 6.5 ± 1.8 %, and 2.6 ± 0.6 % of the annual deposition flux of atmospheric nitrate in KJ, IJ1, and IJ2, respectively. The export flux of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate relative to the deposition flux showed a clear normal correlation with the flux-weighted average concentration of stream nitrate, indicating that reductions in the biological assimilation rates of nitrate in forested soils, rather than increased nitrification rates, are likely responsible for the enrichment of stream nitrate, probably due to nitrogen saturation. The export flux of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate relative to the deposition flux in each forest ecosystem is applicable as an index for nitrogen saturation.