bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FIRST-PRINCIPLE CALCULATIONS OF PRESSURE-INDUCED CHANGES IN STRUCTURAL, ELECTRONIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CUMX2 (M = GA, IN; X = S, SE, TE) CHALCOPYRITES
Authors: Jayalakshmi V. , Jaiganesh G.
Published: June 2024

In this study, we investigate the electronic structure, structural phase stability, and optical properties of CuMX2 chalcopyrite semiconductors (M = Ga, In; X = S, Se, Te) using the self- consistent linear muffin-tin orbital method (LMTO) within the local density approximation (LDA). The total energies and equilibrium lattice constants are computed as a function ofreduced volume using the tight-binding version of LMTO (TB-LMTO). The chalcopyrites undergo a structural phase transition from BCT (Chalcopyrite) to face-centered cubic phase (FCC) under high pressure, with the BCT phase being more energetically stable than the intermediate distorted simple cubic phase (d-SC). Band structures are analyzed for both equilibrium and high-pressure phases, revealing metallic behavior in the high-pressure FCC phase. Optical properties are studied using the full potential version of the linear muffin-tin orbital method (FP-LMTO) within LDA, and the complex dielectric functions and refractive indices 'n' are presented.
OUTCOME BASED LEARNING: IMPLEMENTATION AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Hothi Navjot
Published: June 2024

Outcome-based learning (OBL) is a student-centric approach that focuses on defining the intended learning outcomes for a course and then designing the learning activities to achieve those outcomes. Course outcomes are specific statements that describe what a student should be able to know, do, or demonstrate after completing a course. The advantages of OBL include improved student engagement, increased motivation, better alignment between learning activities and assessment, and increased accountability for both students and teachers. Key features for successful implementation of OBL in teaching environments include a clear understanding of the learning outcomes, alignment of learning activities with those outcomes, and effective assessment strategies to measure student achievement of the outcomes. Nations across the world have implemented OBL in their education systems to enhance student learning outcomes and to better prepare students for the workforce. In India, the University Grants Commission (UGC) has mandated the implementation of OBL in higher education institutions. Compared to traditional education, OBL is more focused on the development of skills and competencies required for the real world. OBL also emphasizes the importance of continuous assessment and feedback, rather than just one final exam. However, there are also potential disadvantages to OBL, such as a potential decrease in the depth of knowledge gained and a lack of emphasis on exploration and discovery in learning. Additionally, the implementation of OBL can present challenges, such as resistance from educators and the need for a shift in teaching methodologies. Overall, the implementation of OBL can significantly enhance student learning outcomes and prepare students for the workforce. To overcome the challenges of implementation, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the learning outcomes, alignment of learning activities and assessments, and effective communication with students and educators.
CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS MANIPULATION IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION AWARDS
Authors: Vikas Sharma Dr.
Published: June 2024

Cross-border dispute resolution through international commercial arbitration has gained popularity. However, questions have been expressed about the impact of culture and religion on the implementation of arbitration rulings. The impact of cultural and religious variables on international commercial arbitration awards is examined in this chapter, with a focus on the manipulation that can occur in these circumstances. This chapter underlines the issues caused by cultural and religious biases, discusses the potential repercussions, and presents ideas for tackling this issue by analyzing pertinent case studies, scholarly research, and the existing legal framework.
BIOCHAR: EXPLORING FUTURISTIC TRENDS IN ADVANCED BIOCHAR RESEARCH
Authors: Wagh Priyanka , Nawani Dr. Neelu , Vaidya Dr. Viniti
Published: June 2024

This chapter delves into the intricate world of biochar, a carbon-rich material obtained through biomass pyrolysis. Biochar's historical significance dates back to ancient civilizations employing it for enhancing soil fertility and later as a water purification agent in 18th-century Europe. Modern technological advancements have revolutionized biochar production, offering advanced methods like fast pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal carbonization, enhancing production efficiency and properties tailoring. Biochar's value extends beyond production; it requires comprehensive characterization, encompassing physical, chemical, thermal, and biological attributes, yielding insights into its behaviour and potential applications. Moreover, the chapter explores the art of tailoring biochar properties through feedstock selection, production parameter manipulation, and physical and chemical modifications. This customization enhances biochar's efficacy in agriculture, water treatment, and environmental remediation. In the agricultural realm, the chapter highlights biochar's potential to enrich soil fertility, optimize nutrient management, and enhance crop productivity, contributing to sustainable farming practices. Additionally, biochar emerges as a renewable energy source with carbon-negative implications. The chapter underscores the pivotal role of policies, market dynamics, and life cycle assessments in ensuring the sustainability of biochar adoption. As a scientific exploration, it unravels the historical, empirical, and prospective facets of biochar, illuminating a path towards a sustainable and resilient planet.
INSIGHT INTO THE MESOPHILIC BACTERIAL CHROMATE REDUCTASE: AN INSILICO STUDY TOWARDS REMEDIATION OF CHROMIUM POLLUTION THROUGH MICROBES
Authors: Biswas Ishita , Mitra Debanjan
Published: June 2024

Industrial use of chromium leads to the contamination of natural environment with chromium pollution and the hexavalent form is very harmful to the living system compared to the trivalent and other forms. The most sophisticated way of chromium reduction is the use of an enzyme chromate reductase exclusively produced by the bacteria. An insilico sequence and structure analysis of chromate reductase enzyme from three mesophilic bacteria Acetobacter aceti, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas putida has been studied. Amino acid variation study indicates a highest number of charged and uncharged residues in P. putida and A. aceti comparedto E. coli. Secondary structure analysis indicates that protein from E. coli contains additional beta-hairpin and beta bugle. Higher number of salt bridges, aromatic-aromatic interactions, cation-pi interactions in P. putida chromate reductase provides its more stability then the other two. Molecular dynamics simulation studies through RMSD and RMSF indicates less fluctuation in case of P. putida chromate reductase while lowest Rg indicates tightly packed nature and lower SASA indicates better folding of the said protein. This is the first reporting on structural and sequence analysis of chromate reductase of the three mesophilic bacteria and among them P. putidaproved to be the most sable one to be used in the industrial level for better chromate alleviation.
MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE BACTERIA: EMERGING TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY'S FUTURISTIC BATTLE
Authors: Shahakar Bhagyashree , Nawani Dr. Neelu
Published: June 2024

Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR bacteria) pose a significant global health threat due to their resistance to multiple antibiotics, leading to heightened morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Genomic advancements have empowered researchers to scrutinize the genetic composition of MDR bacteria, elucidating the mechanisms behind antibiotic resistance and identifying potential treatment targets. Modern DNA sequencing facilitates rapid genome analysis, allowing the comparison of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive strains to pinpoint genetic disparities associated with resistance. Researchers have identified specific genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, encoding proteins that modify or degrade antibiotics, impede their entry into bacterial cells, or actively expel antibiotics. Genetic material, including resistance genes, can be transferred between bacteria, fostering resistance spread. Accumulated mutations in bacterial genomes over time contribute to antibiotic resistance, affecting antibiotic targets or transport mechanisms. Mobile genetic elements like plasmids or transposons can carry resistance genes, promoting their dissemination. Efflux pumps in MDR bacteria actively expel antibiotics, contributing to broad-spectrum resistance. Some resistance mechanisms confer cross-resistance to antibiotics targeting similar pathways or structures. Genomic studies reveal that certain resistant bacteria excel in forming biofilms, impeding antibiotic penetration. Understanding bacterial genomic evolution aids in devising strategies to prevent resistance, guiding drug development by countering specific resistance mechanisms. Genomic analysis supports surveillance to track resistant strains and may enable personalized treatment based on the genetic profile of a patient's bacterial infection. In summary, genomic insights into MDR bacteria are crucial for unraveling resistance mechanisms and developing strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. Continuous research and a comprehensive approach, considering both bacterial genetics and clinical practices, are imperative to stay ahead of rapidly evolving resistance.
FUTURISTIC TRENDS IN THE FIELD OF RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE HUMAN LIFE
Authors: Verma Poonam , Sao Priyanshu , Jangde Sontee , Swamy N Kumar
Published: June 2024

Recombinant DNA technology has significantly advanced human life by enabling the production of essential proteins for dietary needs and health issues. This technology has multidisciplinary applications, such as improving food resources, enhancing health, and fending against negative environmental repercussions. Agriculture uses genetically modified plants because they have superior survival rates, increased product output, and improved resistance to hazardous agents. Gene therapy and genetic changes are employed for bioremediation and the treatment of major illnesses, and recombinant medications are increasingly routinely used. The importance of recombinant DNA technology in daily life is evident due to its wide range of applications and potential applications.
GENOTYPING - NEW ERA IN DISEASE TYPING
Authors: Pandya Dr. Kruti
Published: June 2024

Microbial infections have been one of the most dreadful causes behind human fatalities and are also frequently associated with occurrences of endemic and pandemics. It is very important that these pathogens are identified and treated on timely manner to prevent serious consequences and spread in communities. Conventionally microbial culture techniques, Biochemical testing and microscopy are used for pathogen identification. Although very accurate and reliable, these methods frequently fail due to operational reasons and due to fastidious nature of the pathogens. To overcome these challenges, Scientists have developed cutting edge technologies like16srRNA sequencing and Nextgen sequencing.Sequence-based identification, strain typing, and comprehensive isolate fingerprinting can be used effectively for identification of pathogenic microbe associated with health hazard. These modern tools offer great potential in practicing prophylaxis for infection and disease prevention. Nextgen sequencing can handle multiple samples and sequences. The sequence data can be managed using online repositories available as open access tools. Large amount of genomic and proteomic data can be deposited, used and analyzed using informatics tools. Molecular methods like DNA / Genome sequencing, protein purification and sequencing have been a widely used tool for epidemiological fingerprinting of isolates important to public health.
BIOTECHNOLOGY– A BOON OR A BUST
Authors: Sushma Kottam , Sripriya Bhargavi Malepati SNVS , Vinayak Rudra , Sagarika Medari
Published: June 2024

With an increasing need for greater agricultural productivity and sustainability, biotechnology has emerged as a key instrument for revolutionizing crop development and management practices. Biotechnology offers creative ways to improve crop qualities, fend off illnesses and adjust to shifting climatic conditions by combining biological sciences with technological breakthroughs. It also reduces the need for chemical pesticides, promoting eco-friendly farming practices which is a major concern now- a- days. Through biotechnological interventions, one can introduce a gene of interest into an organism or it can cut an un wanted part or silence a gene to make it more advantageous for economical purpose. Different methods of biotechnology used for crop improvement and management includes genetic engineering, marked assisted selection, recombinant DNA technology and so on. In this exploration of biotechnology, we will delve into its remarkable achievements and its potentially troubling consequences.
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS IN ECO-TOXICOLOGY PERTAINING TO MARINE-BIOME
Authors: Gurjar Tejas , Ladumore Rahul , Trivedi Pallavi , Doshi Ankita , Kottayi Monisha , Pandya Parth
Published: June 2024

Modern biotechnology advancements are transforming marine ecotoxicology in dramatic ways. Environmental DNA (eDNA), DNA barcoding, and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), which are all based on DNA, are at the forefront of methods that allow for accurate species identification, biodiversity monitoring, and in-depth research of marine microbial communities. In addition, satellite remote sensing, a key component of imaging methods, provides unmatched capabilities for monitoring water quality and identifying variations in it. Another notable advancement is the development of biosensors, particularly enzymatic versions that can detect environmental toxins like pesticides and heavy metals. Additionally, there is a greater emphasis on comprehending nanomaterial interactions with aquatic creatures because of the widespread use of nanotechnology. But these technologies immense potential also comes with several problems. They produce vast amounts of data that require sophisticated computational abilities to analyse. The landscape is further complicated by addressing the complex interactions of emerging contaminants in marine environments and ensuring uniform techniques across research venues. However, the future seems bright. A comprehensive understanding of marine ecosystems is possible thanks to the convergence of multi-omics data, sophisticated bioinformatics, high-throughput screenings, and non-invasive monitoring approaches. The implications of nanoparticles for eco-toxicology also call for additional investigation given the growing interest in nanotoxicology. These technology advancements have the potential to fundamentally alter how we perceive, manage, and conserve aquatic habitats.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF GYM VERSES YOGA
Authors: Bhusare Mrs. Sapna Atish , Sonawane Mr. Deven Avinash
Published: June 2024

It is the subjective method of an individual which taking part in a physical activity. This paper represents the difference between Yoga exercise and Gym exercise on regular basis. The main objective of the paper is: To determine and examine the difference between Gym and yoga exercise. To examine the difference between males and females and their opinions. There is a sample of 111 yoga as well as gym performers. There is no difference found between yoga and gym on the basis of gender. The paper is based on question answer pattern and peoples thinking on gym practice and yoga exercise. Both types of questions are asked based on the gym as well as yoga.
LAYER TOPOLOGY
Authors: Devi Dr. V. Sutha , Eswari K.
Published: June 2024

The broad category of whorled patterns, which also comprises a curve that emanates from a point and moves outward as it rounds around the point, contains concentric objects frequently. This ignited us to think over collection of open sets forms a chain where the core open set is non empty and all the other open sets originates from it. This paves us a way to develop the new concept layer topology. Moreover, an attempt has been done to extend this definition in infinite domains like real numbers as standard layer topology, lower limit layer topology and upper limit layer topology in terms of bases. A comparative study has also done among them. Its properties and characterizations were also studied. Finally, we have given a new graphic approach to the layer topological structure. Further it was extended to associate the layer open sets with some special types of graphs such as cycle, path, and complete graph and complete bipartite graph.
IOT BASED AUTOMATIC FISH FEEDER USING MOBILE APPLICATION
Authors: Rathy P. Agnes Alex , Jenefer G. Geo
Published: June 2024

An IoT based automatic fish feeder with a mobile application is a system that aims to automate the process of feeding fish in an aquarium or fish pond. The system consists of a Node MCU microcontroller, temperature sensor, pH sensor, ESP 32 CAM module, fish feeder setup, and a Blynk IoT application. The temperature and pH sensors monitor the water quality and send the data to the Node MCU, which processes the data and triggers the fish feeder setup to dispense the appropriate amount of fish food. The ESP 32 CAM module provides a live video stream of the fish tank or pond to the mobile application, which can also be used to monitor the water quality and adjust the feeding schedule. The Blynk IoT application allows the user to control and monitor the system remotely from anywhere with an internet connection. This system provides convenience and peace of mind for fish owners who want to ensure their fish are being fed properly and their environment is healthy. The proposed system has the benefit of being entirely automated and do not require` human intervention. This kind of fish feeder is especially helpful if you are managing a large-scale fish breeding facility, going on vacation for a few weeks, or just want to use it in your typical home fish tank. The integration of the ESP 32 CAM module allows for real-time monitoring of fish behavior and health, helping to detect any issues early on and prevent fish diseases.
REMOTE-CONTROLLED IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Authors: Mary N. Ansgar , Sharean T. M. Angelin Monisha
Published: June 2024

Water is essential for plant growth. Watering the plants is done by the irrigation process. Irrigation is the process of adding regulated amounts of water to land to support the growth of lawns, ornamental plants, and crops. The main objective of this system is that it doesn’t need human intervention. This system seeks to satisfy water requirements of the crops, by nursing the soil moisture using soil moisture sensor and other environmental parameters such as humidity and temperature using DHT11 sensor. By providing plants in gardens with water according on their needs rather of having to travel out into the field to water the plants, it also aids in water conservation. This irrigation system will reduce manpower, save time and enhance effectiveness at minimal cost. The feature of an animal detector is also added in case of animal movement onto the field and the notification of animal detection will be sent to the farmer by the warning message using the Blynk app which is also an IOT app.
IMPROVING SKIN CANCER DIAGNOSIS WITH DEEP LEARNING: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MLP AND CNN MODELS
Authors: Gupta Dheeraj , Sharma Shubham , Mumtaz Asif , Tiwari Rajat Kumar , Iqbal Hamid
Published: June 2024

Skin cancer affects roughly around 2-3 million people, out of which 10-20% cases result in death. So, prevention and detection of skin cancer in early stages is vital and important. Melanoma skin cancer is generally more frequent, and this results in more deaths than any other type of skin cancer. Although, in biological field there are many procedures of detection, but rapid and accurate methods of diagnosis are required. The technique of image segmentation and diagnosis has become dynamic research forums in the field of computer vision under Deep Learning. Their utilizations are particularly developed into a well-known methodology in Medical Image Processing. Cancer is a kind of disease which develop into stages and to minimize the severity of cancer it is important to correctly diagnose the disease into early stages. Accurate assessments methods at the early stages of illness are intensively required to handle the cases which can mimic human brain and take decisions on behalf of human with far better accuracy. This research focuses on the development of rapid point-of-care diagnostics using convolution neural network (CNN) for diagnosing Melanoma at an early stage. This paper aims to bring out the fact that medical experts, especially dermatologist can efficiently and automatically classify melanoma patient from the normal ones by using deep learning algorithms more accurately. This study uses convolution neural network to analyze International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) archives and Human against machine (HAM) 100000 dataset collected from varied sources, images of previously diagnosed melanoma patient and normal mole and the observation says that the proposed CNN model achieves 98% accuracy by optimizing and tuning the parameters. The claims have been validated by showing comparisons between various machine learning classifiers using visualization tools.
A DISTINCTIVE ARCHITECTURE TO INITIATE PICTURE SLOGAN WITH INTELLECTUAL STRATEGIES
Authors: A. V Navaneeth , M. R Dileep , S. D Vidya Sagar , Rallapalli Sreekanth
Published: June 2024

This study proposes an image description producer combining Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to automatically produce textual metaphors for input imageries. The model extracts high-level features from images and feeds them into LSTM networks for coherent and contextually relevant captions. The architecture involves pre-trained CNNs for feature extraction, caption preprocessing to tokenize and prepare text data, and a combined CNN-LSTM model for training and inference. The dataset used for training consists of image-caption pairs, where CNN extracts meaningful visual features and feeds them into the LSTM. The LSTM learns sequential dependencies in captions and generates coherent textual descriptions. A decoder mechanism handles the generation process, allowing flexibility in output length. The model is trained using loss functions like categorical cross-entropy and sequence-to-sequence loss to optimize the generation process and encourage caption diversity. Experimental results show that the CNN-LSTM-based image caption generator achieves competitive performance, generating descriptive and contextually relevant captions. The model finds potential applications in domains like image annotation, assisting visually impaired users, and enhancing content understanding in image-based search engines. Overall, the combination of CNN and LSTM is a robust and effective solution for generating descriptive captions from images, showcasing the continuous advancement of deep learning techniques in computer vision and natural language processing.
INTERNET OF THINGS AND CELLULAR NETWORKS (5G) – AN EXPEDITION TO HUMAN MOBILITY IN SMART CITIES
Authors: Avula Sashikanth Reddy , Rallapalli Sreekanth , A. V Navaneeth , S. D Vidya Sagar
Published: June 2024

Advances in mobile and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are leading to rethinking how smart cities are designed and managed, tackling many of the challenges faced in the human society. Regions using age awareness can use related technologies to improve mobility and increase productivity for citizens. However, with the rapid development of smart terminals and infrastructure and the growth of various applications, even existing networks may not meet the expectations of fast-moving people. Therefore, they face many challenges for which different models and projects are in demand to date. Therefore, AI (Artificial Intelligence) be situated to adopt by means of a new direction used for smart mobile network architecture and enhancement. The aim of this project is to identify the problems of mobile phones related to the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, to inform the wisdom movement of people and to converse few results to these problems. To conclude, depending on this research elaboration, we present future directions for human intelligence research.
MULTI-DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERIZATION METHODS FOR CONDUCTIVE FABRIC MATERIALS: ENABLING AI-ENHANCED HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Rajan Teena , D Sugumar Dr.
Published: June 2024

This chapter delineates the methodologies employed for the comprehensive characterization of conductive fabric, encompassing their electrical, material, and biological attributes. Electrical characterization is achieved through impedance spectroscopy, providing insights into the electrodes' conductivity, impedance profiles, and signal fidelity in ECG applications. Material analysis techniques, including scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing, unravel the physical properties and structural robustness of the electrodes, ensuring their suitability for prolonged use. Biological assessment employs skin-electrode impedance measurements, biocompatibility studies, and user comfort evaluations. In the context of AI-enhanced healthcare, conductive fabric-based sensors can seamlessly capture data such as electrocardiograms (ECGs) by being incorporated into wearable garments. This continuous data stream is then processed by AI algorithms, enabling real-time analysis and interpretation. These real-time insights, coupled with AI-powered analytics, empower healthcare providers to offer personalized interventions, early diagnoses, and timely recommendations.
CHROMATOGRAPHY AND BIOSEPARATION SYNERGY: ADVANCING SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL FRONTIERS
Authors: Chavan Ananya , Rebello Anandi , Kaur Dr. Gaganjyot , Tekale Dr. Prafullachandra
Published: June 2024

Bioseparation has a crucial role in biotechnology and pharmaceutical fields as it is a vital process for purifying and isolating biological products on a large scale. The main aim of bioseparation is to get purified biologicalsamples. This is useful for various purposes such as production of medicines, preparation of biopharmaceuticals, and conducting research. This process is amalgamation of engineering techniques and scientific methodology. It follows basic rules to separate analyte of interest from biological complex mixtures. Bioseparation is multidisciplinary because it involves different areas like biology, chemistry, engineering etc. The quality assurance of biological products can be achieved by bioseparation which helps different industries and scientific studies in larger extend. There are number of different bioseparation techniques developed and each one of them has their own advantages and disadvantages. The choice of technique depends on the specific requirement, nature of compound and the properties of the molecules to be separated. Bioseparation is like the base of modern biotechnology and pharmaceutical work. Bioseparation is a rapidly evolving field, the development of new bioseparation techniques is essential to the advancement of biotechnology and the improvement of human health.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY FOR DROUGHT RESPONSE IN DIFFERENT CROP PLANTS
Authors: Thakur Dr. Pranita Prabhakar , Hake Dr. Anil Arjun , Nagrale Swarup Premanand , Boruah Dr. Prerona , Parab Dr. Mala
Published: June 2024

Various crop plants in agricultural fields' natural habitats are exposed to climatic changes and environmental stresses. It is estimated that suboptimal climatic and soil conditions (abiotic factors) result in an average yield loss of 75% for field-grown crops (Trontin et al., 2011). Consequently, understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying plant stress injuries is crucial for both agriculture and the environment (Osakabe et al., 2014). Stress tolerance involves two mechanisms, adaptation and acclimation, arising from integrated events at all organizational levels, from anatomical and morphological to cellular, biochemical, and molecular levels (Zhu et al., 2013). Transcription factors (TFs) play a pivotal role in regulating gene expression through transcription, allowing plants to adapt to harsh environments and abiotic stresses like drought. Genome-wide comparative expression profiles contribute to consolidating our understanding of the molecular mechanisms plants employ in response to drought stress. Throughout evolution, plants have developed adaptation mechanisms to water stress, aiding their survival during moderate drought and adjusting their water requirements to the local climatic conditions to maintain their ecological niche. Consequently, there is potential for developing moisture stress-resistant genotypes through gene pyramiding in marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding (Janiak et al., 2016).
ANTISICKLING EFFECT OF ALLIUM SATIVUM AND CARICA PAPAYA
Authors: Mishra Meenakshi , Jain Vijaylakshmi , Mishra Pankaj Kishor
Published: June 2024

Present study deals with those antioxidant molecules might effectively block the polymerization of sickle cell haemoglobin while also enhancing the oxidant status of sickle erythrocytes. The differing concentrations of antioxidant molecules, such as polyphenol and flavonoids, found in the sections of Carica papaya and Allium sativum, could be the cause of the disparity between the antisickling properties. Additionally, the degree of the active antisickling drugs would be determined by the molecules' affinity with the haemoglobin binding site. The heme pocket and the erythrocyte membrane are the likely sites for binding, as is the case with many known anti-sickling substances. The phenolic compound's antioxidant properties are crucial in the neutralisation of free radicals, which can harm cells if they remain in the system. Therefore, increasing dietary antioxidant intake from sources like Carica papaya and Allium sativum may help to maintain a sufficient level of antioxidant defence and thereby aid in the management of sickle cell disease.
PRESERVATION OF BLOOD COMPONENTS BY ADDITIVES TO INCREASE SELF LIFE
Authors: Shivani Mrs. , Bhardwaj Yashika
Published: June 2024

Blood transfusion (A life-saving procedure) uses whole blood and its element for the treatment. Transfusion of blood fulfil the need and demand of various forms of medical care and thus for blood is frequently amplify. The main motive of blood transfusion is broadly based on a safe and effective blood supply. Whole blood: A mixture of cells, Colloids and crystals, such as red blood cells (PRBC), platelet concentrate, fresh plasma frozen, and frozen, can be divided into several blood components. The utility of a unit of whole blood is maximised by component separation because each blood component has a particular indication. A component must adhere to specific temperature and storage conditions in order to be therapeutically effective. Component treatment has been adopted to ensure adequate blood quality is transfused and to prevent waste. Instead of transfusing complete blood, it entails transfusing a specific component(s). In this chapter we learn about the separation of blood component and blood bags (Single, double, triple, and quadruple bags) use for the storage of different components with suitable preservatives. The history of storage and the most recent advancements in blood and its component storage techniques are also covered in this chapter. With the addition of preservative solutions, blood and its constituent parts can be preserved in a number of conditions.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF JAUNDICE
Authors: Pal Mr. Vishant , Sobit Mr.
Published: June 2024

The Overview of Jaundice is provided in this chapter. Jaundice is a medical condition that is characterized by the yellowing of the skin and eyes due to the accumulation of bilirubin in the body. It is a common condition that affects individual of all ages and can be caused by a variety of factor including liver disease, haemolyticanaemia and certain medication. This chapter provides an overview of jaundice, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options. Additionally, it discusses the complications associated with jaundice and the important seeking medical attention if symptoms persist. Understanding the underlying causes of jaundice and the available treatment options can help individual manage this condition effectively and prevent further complication.
DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING VITILIGO AMONG STUDENTS AT SELECTED COLLEGE, VILLUPURAM
Authors: R Karthi. , Pradeepa M. , Pragathi I. , Prathiyushalini B. , Praveena P. , Preetha E.
Published: June 2024

To Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Vitiligo among Students selected College, Villupuram. To assess the knowledge regarding vitiligo among students. To assess the attitude regarding vitiligo among students. To identify the correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding vitiligo among students. To find out the association between knowledge and attitude with the selected demographic variables. A Descriptive research, 40 students selected by using convenient sampling technique. Data was collected by using Structured knowledge questionnaire and Attitude questionnaire. The study findings reveals that among 40 samples 33 (82.5%) of them moderate level of knowledge, 7(17.5%) of them have inadequate level of knowledge and none of them had adequate level of knowledge , among 40 samples 35(87.5%) in negative attitude and 5(12.5%) in positive attitude. There is no correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding vitiligo among students. The conclusion is based on the study finding, shows that most of the students have moderate level of knowledge and most of the them have negative attitude.
A CONCISE OVERVIEW ON TERATOGENIC DRUGS
Authors: Mudgal Arya , Chaudhary Payal Rani , Joshi Yogesh
Published: June 2024

A small percentage of documented congenital malformations with a recognised aetiology, about 1%, are problems related to pharmacological therapy. This shows that responsible and cautious drug use is a viable way of prevention among fertile women, especially pregnant women. It takes careful consideration of both experimental data from animals and human experience to identify a drug's teratogenic effect. 40% of pregnancies are unplanned, therefore it stands to reason that any medication with teratogenic potential should only be administered under close medical supervision. Also, adequate awareness of a drug's potential teratogenicity allows for modification of treatment prior to conception. Any medication should only be used if absolutely essential during pregnancy, therefore it is recommended that only those with adequate information and past clinical expertise be used. When there is any question, Teratology Information Services can help both medical professionals and patients. The purpose of this article is to explore the potential teratogenic effects of various drugs on fetal development during pregnancy. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of different drug categories and their associated risks to pregnant women and their unborn babies. The article emphasizes the importance of responsible and cautious drug use among fertile and pregnant women to prevent congenital malformations. It discusses the significance of understanding drug classifications and their implications for pregnancy, as well as the need for regular updates to these classifications based on the latest research. The article also delves into specific drug categories, such as antibiotics, benzodiazepines, hormones, and others, detailing their potential impact on fetal development and highlighting the importance of informed decision-making when considering their use during pregnancy. It underscores the necessity of medical supervision, careful consideration, and proper counseling for pregnant women regarding drug usage, especially in cases where unintended exposure may have occurred during the early stages of pregnancy
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PARACETAMOL, PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND LORATADINE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY MULTITUDINAL CHEMOMETRIC ASSISTED ANALYTICAL METHODS
Authors: Palur Keerthisikha , Archakam Sreenivasa Charan , Neelofar H. , Diviti Ranganayakulu
Published: June 2024

Simultaneous determination of drugs in multi-component formulations without prior separation imposes a big challenge to the analyst in developing simple, precise and accurate analytical methods. This can be achieved by the application of Chemometrics to the conventional analytical methods. In this work, chemometric assisted UV-Spectrophotometry and RP-HPLC methods were applied for the quantification of Loratadine (LOR), Paracetamol (PRT) and Phenylephrine hydrochloride (PEH) in their combined dosage form. UV-Spectrophotometric analysis was carried out by applying two chemometric models namely, Principal Component Regression (PCR) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS). These two models were successfully validated and applied for resolving the complex UV-spectra in the wavelength range of 225-300 nm with a data interval of 5 nm. Chromatographic analysis was developed and optimized by using Central Composite Design (CCD), a type of response surface methodology. The CCD was applied to study the critical factors and their interactions with the responses. The identified critical factors were mobile phase pH in the range of 2.8-3.2, acetonitrile content in the range of 60-70%v/v and flow rate in the range of 0.6-0.8 mL/min and the responses affected by these factors were retention time of the 1st eluted drug (Rt1), retention time of the 3rd eluted drug (Rt3) and resolution between first and second eluted drugs (RS1,2). Derringer’s desirability function was used for the optimization of the chromatographic method and the optimization was carried out using a mobile phase of phosphate buffer (pH 3.2) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 64 :36 using 0.7 mL/min flow rate at a detection wavelength of 275 nm. All the developed methods showed good accuracy and precision for the quantification of drugs in their combined dosage form.
PHARMACOVIGILANCE AND DRUG SAFETY IN THE DIGITAL AGE
Authors: Najeebullah Mr. , Amaan Mohd. , Singh Prashant Kumar , Yadav Vijay
Published: June 2024

In an era defined by technological advancement, pharmacovigilance — the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or other drug-related issues — is undergoing a digital transformation. The significance of pharmacovigilance is paramount, ensuring the safety of medicinal products in the market. Traditional methods, largely based on Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) reporting systems, clinical trials, and signal detection, have been essential in maintaining drug safety. The advent of the digital age has ushered in an array of novel tools and techniques that are reshaping the landscape of pharmacovigilance. Big Data and real-world evidence offer unprecedented amounts of data for safety assessments, while social media platforms and patient-reported data provide new avenues for ADR detection. The rise of wearable devices and mobile health applications is allowing for continuous monitoring, granting healthcare professionals access to real-time patient data. Central to the digital revolution is the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. These technologies facilitate automated signal detection, utilize natural language processing for ADR detection, and enable the creation of predictive analytics models that can forecast potential drug-related risks. Nevertheless, as pharmacovigilance becomes more digitally inclined, considerations regarding data management, integration, privacy, and security become crucial. Regulatory bodies are striving to adapt to these changes by establishing relevant guidelines, ensuring compliance, and playing an active role in this digital transformation. Furthermore, enhancements in adverse event reporting focus on patient engagement and the development of user-friendly systems. International collaboration among various stakeholders — from healthcare professionals and regulators to the industry itself — is fostering a global effort in pharmacovigilance. However, the journey is not without challenges. Issues related to data quality, ethical concerns, and the seamless integration of new technologies into existing systems persist. Despite these hurdles, the future of pharmacovigilance is promising. The integration of real-time monitoring technologies and advances in AI are paving the way for a more personalized approach to medicine and drug safety. The synthesis of these elements portrays a future where the safety of medicinal products is enhanced by digital innovations, ensuring better patient outcomes and public health.
“ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS OF OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS AMONG ADULTS”
Authors: Seema Ms.
Published: June 2024

Professionals in industrialized countries have reportedly used less personal hard hats (PPGs) than those in developing countries because of a lack of awareness of the risks associated with their jobs. Although extremely effective antibiotics are available today, 14 to 15 adults are admitted to hospitals each year due to a variety of health issues that affect 40 to 50 adults annually. However, about nine workers get severe asthma attacks and respiratory problems per year. After the first week of commencing a welding work, some adults suffer of sneezing and breathing issues, such as throat inflammation. The main objective of the study is to assess the risk factors of occupational hazards among adults. Quantitative descriptive approach has been adopted in this research study. Of the 150 samples, it has been found that the level of evaluation among staff adults regarding occupational health hazards was assessed about 197 (98.5%) adults who had mild risk of having health hazards, about 03 (1.5%) adults who had moderate risk involved in having health hazards. None of them were having severe risk associated with occupational hazard among the staff adults. It is also reveals that more than 90% within low level of evaluation regarding risk associated with occupational hazards among adults at the study sample n=200; 197 (98.5%), with mean and standard deviation (1.04 ± 0.88).
WORK-LIFE INTERFERENCE -A MASSIVE CONCERN FOR WORK LIFE BALANCE
Authors: Jyoti Ms. , Verma O.P.
Published: June 2024

A balance between work and life has become more important in the present scenario because imbalances had a negative impact on both work and life roles. One should devote time and effort to both their personal life and job because they are the two sides of the same coin. Both men and women strive to balance their obligations to their families and their jobs because these multiple responsibilities need effort, energy and time. The main objective of this research paper is to study the interference between work and life roles of paramedical staff of the hospitals in H.P. The sample taken for the study consisted of 360 respondents. The quota sampling method is used and data was collected through questionnaires from the government and private hospitals. The responses of the respondents were measured by applying Likert five-point scales and t-test, ANOVA is used to analyse the data. The results of the study concluded that there is so much interference between the work and life roles of employees working in hospitals. The results of the study reveal that female, as well as male employees, are facing greater work to life interference problems. On the other hand, nursing staff faces more difficulties to balance their work and life responsibilities as compared to other staff.
A STUDY ON ACCESSIBILITYOF E-BANKING SERVICES IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
Authors: Thakur Mr. Chaman Singh
Published: June 2024

E-banking is the electronic banking that provides the financial service for the individual client by means of Internet. It is defined as the automated delivery of new and traditional banking products and services directly. E-Banking includes the system that enable financial institutions customer's, individuals or business to access account, transact business or both information on financial products and services through a private network including the internet. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with the aim of assessing awareness, accessibility and explores barriers towards E- banking among 120 bank customers in Shimla city and Chamba city, by using Primary as well as Secondary data was entered and analysed with the help of SPSS. The study reveals most were aware about the term e-banking whereas least were about the services of e-banking. Customers utilized e-banking services and most of them have used 4 times per month. The topmost used services were ATM, checking the account, money transfer, paying bills, rent, credit card and SMS banking. Shimla district customers are more which are aware and used E-banking services. Most customers faced barriers to utilize e-banking services. Age between 25-40 in both districts and in education the graduate customers both districts and in occupation employed customers were highly statistically significant with the awareness about the term e banking with the utilization of e-banking services.
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT: AN ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING TO SAFEGUARD THE BUSINESS
Authors: Sharma Dr. Pawan , Mukherjee Rhythm
Published: June 2024

Every business face lot of challenges in its day to day actions in form of taxation, government policies, laws & legislations, internal policies, attitude of employees towards business workings and many more. These all challenges commonly we can consider as business environment. This is inseparable to business and fully dynamic in nature. Even with lot of uncertainties it is quite complex to understand these changes and challenges. Every business needs to exist in such changing scenario of influencing factors. Business environment possesses an important impact on the working of the business. Even all the decision for any business comes under the light of changing business environment. In present era continuous change in technology is also a big challenge in front of every business. A businessman who can understand well about the business environmental changes can take most suitable decisions for the growth and development of the business. Therefore environmental analysis is specifically important in every business through which every businessman makes it possible to understand the internal and external changes in the business. To safeguard the business a thoroughly study of business environment can save a business from any sudden adverse impact. In the present chapter environmental analysis along with its techniques has been discussed. SWOT analysis, trend analysis, scenario planning, PESTEL analysis and few more techniques are thoroughly mentioned in the upcoming pages. Environmental forecasting and techniques of environmental forecasting has also significantly covered in this chapter. To perform environmental analysis & forecasting few steps are required which also has been enclosed. Hence, this chapter is the combination of business environmental analysis and forecasting. Proper study of all the changing factors can make a business more vibrant on the path of growth & development.