bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pendidikan Multikultural: Upaya Membangun Keberagamaan Inklusif di Sekolah
Authors: Zainiyati Husniyatus Salamah
Published: December 2015

Indonesia, with its diverse social, cultural and geographical variety, is one of
the biggest multicultural societies in the world. This diversity –when misused- can cause
many problems such as corruption, collusion, nepotism, poverty, violence, damage to
environment, separatism, and human right violation. Vis-à-vis this, multicultural education
suggests that diversity of ethnicity, culture, language, religion, society, gender, intellectual
acumen and age can in fact be used to create inclusive pluralism through sufficient
strategy and efficient concept of education. In practical terms, what is required from a
teacher in this whole concept of education is not only to be able to teach his/her subject
matter, but also to implant the multicultural and inclusive values such as democracy,
humanism, and pluralism. In the end, what this approach can achieve is to produce the
out-put that has not only the academic skill in his/her specialization, but also the ability to
adopt and apply the norms of pluralism which will lead him/her to be more tolerant and
understanding toward diversity and differences.
Metode dan Pendekatan dalam Studi Islam: Pembacaan atas Pemikiran Charles J. Adams
Authors: Zuhriyah Luluk Fikri
Published: December 2015

Islam has been an interesting object of study for both Muslims and non-Muslims over a long period of time. A number of methods and approaches have also been introduced. In due time, Islam is now no longer understood solely as a doctrine or a set of belief system. Nor is it interpreted merely as an historical process. Islam is a social system comprising of a complex web of human experience. Islam does not only consist of formal codes that individuals should look at and obey. It also contains some cultural, political and economic values. Islam is a civilization. Given the complex nature of Islam it is no longer possible to deal with it from a single point of view. An inter-disciplinary perspective is required.

In the West, social and humanities sciences have long been introduced in the study of religion; studies that put a stronger emphasis on what we currently know as the history of religion, psychology of religion, sociology of religion and so on. This kind of approach in turn, is also applied in the Western studies of the Eastern religions and communities.

Islam as a religion is also dealt with in this way in the West. It is treated as part of the oriental culture to the extent that—as Muhammad Abdul Raouf has correctly argued—Islamic studies became identical to the oriental studies. By all means, the West preceded the Muslims in studying Islam from modern perspectives; perspective that puts more emphasis on social, cultural, behavioral, political and economic aspects. Among the Western scholars that approach Islam from this angle is Charles Joseph Adams whose thought this research is interested to explore.
Konsep Makkîyah dan Madanîyah dalam Studi Hadîth: Menggagas Pemetaan Kronologis Hadîth Nabawî
Authors: Nirwana Dzikri
Published: December 2015

The Qur’ânic Studies have long recognized the conceptual dichotomy of Makkîyah and Madaniyah where verses are classified as either belonging to the period of Makkah or Madinah. This paper suggests that this conceptual dichotomy may also be applied in the study of the science of the prophetic saying (hadîth). We propose that paradigm of the Qur’ânic Studies concerning the periodical distinction may be borrowed to understand and classify the prophetic sayings along the line of Makkîyah and Madanîyah. The paper however acknowledges this effort is not without methodological difficulties. There are hadîth that may –in terms of their characteristics and substance- be regarded as Makkî, but may also be considered as Madani because they are narrated by the people of Madinah (the Ansâr). To tackle this problem, we propose double-way strategy. We will first find out which hadîths are regarded as Makkî in terms of their characteristics and substance, and then examine the idea of what many have called the “argumentation of the prophetic term”. The first is about the thematic study, while the second is about the analysis of the term of a hadîth. The first will involve the consultation of mainly the hadîth authoritative book called Miftâh Kunûz al-Sunnah, while the second will consult those books that employ the personal-encyclopedic approach including books of hadîth, the sciences of the Qur’ân (tafsîr), the reason of revelation (asbâb al-nuzûl), the reason of decreeing (asbâb al-wurûd), and the autobiography of the prophet (sîrah). The meaning of a hadîth and its appropriation in these books will be analyzed in the light of the science of hadîth. The paper will examine how different scientists of tafsir, hadîth and so on would understand and interpret the same hadîth.
Fenomena Pergeseran Konflik Pemikiran Islam dari Tradisionalis vs Modernis ke Fundamentalis vs Liberalis
Authors: Huda Khoirul
Published: December 2015

A new mode of religious conflict has emerged in Indonesia following the fall of the old regime in the country. The conflict in point is that between the fundamentalists and the liberals, one that means that the nuance of the conflict is no longer organizational any more than it is ideological. We now rarely hear about the conflicts between the traditionalists and the modernists, just as we now rarely are capable of differentiating their basic tenets. The difference between the two has now become to a large extent vague. In the meantime, conflicts are now taking place between the fundamentalists and the liberals on almost regular basis. Hence, we hear the conflict for example between the FUUI and Ulil Abshar Abdalla who received death threat from the afro-mentioned organization. And also the so-called Monas Tragedy, which for some reflects the real tension between the two currents of thought. This paper is designed to analyze this conflictual phenomenon and the implication that may emerge thereof by using the Poststructural theory, which is the continuation of the structuralist theory of Levi-Strauss. What we mean by the Post-structural theory is that which is developed by Michel Foucault (d. 1984) where he speaks of the archeology of knowledge and the genealogy of power. In Foucault’s theory, the former is to do with the organization of documents, their classification, their distribution and management in an orderly manner so as to enable us to differentiate between which are relevant and which are not. This theory is also about describing the so-called relations among elements of social phenomena. The latter in the meantime is to do with the analysis of the historical relationship between power and discourse. It concerns with the analysis of the trajectories of a discourse and its practices, and its relationship with what he calls the regime of truth that claims to have the pseudonaturalistic and global implication. This theory deals with the mode of relationship between these two domains. Hence, while this paper is mainly concerned with the religious thought, it is inevitably related to the notion of politics and power.
Revitalisasi Uşûl Fiqh dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Sosial
Authors: Junaidy Abdul Basith
Published: December 2015

Historically speaking, the science of uşûl al-fiqh has not been able to play its role in providing solutions for the many social problems facing human kind. The reason for this lies in that this science does not have within its reservoir the theoretical tools relevant for the renewed human situations. One of the mistakes of this science furthermore is that it produces the jurists who are incapable of adapting to new circumstances. The paradigmatic mode of this science is such that one –upon using its premises and methodscannot be analytical and would remain literal. In the other words, this science is very much bayani as opposed to burhani, that is rational and systematic, or irfani which is intuitive. The static nature of uşûl al-fiqh in the meantime has provoked many jurists to revolt against it and tried to bring about new methods and modes of thinking within it. Thus, we have at least two modes of thinking currently available as far as renewal of uşûl al-fiqh is concerned. The first is what we may call utilitarian and the second is liberal. The former bases its theories and ideas on the notion of maslaha. This school of thought is mainly propagated by al-Shâtibî. It claims that the whole purpose of Sharî‘ah is none other than for the good of human being. This general proposition underlies the whole theories that the proponents of this mazhab articulated. The second mode of thought, the liberal, claims that the traditional jurisprudence must be totally replaced by the new one. And to do this the liberals appropriates the hermeneutical approach to interpret the Islamic law according which the intrinsic relationship between the text and its context cannot be revealed through the literal understanding of the message of Islam. The literal approach has thus far failed and is unable to face the new circumstances. This mode of thinking is committed to what its proponents call the real Islamic values inherent within the text of religion. Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid is the staunchest propagator of this current of thought. He proposes new method for uşûl al-fiqh by criticizing both the classical and contemporary discourses using semiotics as the tools of analysis. In this way, he hopes that more humanist and adapting science of fiqh, one that can respond to our formidable contemporary challenges, may emerge.
Rekonstruksi Metodologis Wacana Keagamaan Muhammad Shahrour
Authors: Kiswati Tsuroya
Published: December 2015

The main objective of this paper is to explore the hermeneutical method of Muhammad Shahrour in his interpretation of the holy Qur’ân. Shahrour–the Syrian scholar- is known for his view that each and every word in the Qur’ân has an independent and unique meaning. In other words, for him no two words share the same meaning in the Qur’ân. Hence, he distinguishes between the Qur’ân and the Kitab and reckons that the two words imply two different things conceptually. But Shahrour is also known for his interpretation that would pay a good deal of attention to the historical, social, literal and linguistical backgrounds of the verses of the Qur’ân. And this he considers as the valid form of exegesis capable of unearthing the hidden meaning of the Qur’an. This paper argues that the hermeneutical method of Shahrour necessitates that the verses of the Qur’ân must be interpreted in such a way as to suit the demands of time, and to do that one must not only understand the meaning of the text but also the meaning of its context.
Tumbuh Kembang Nilai-nilai Keislaman di Kalangan Siswa-Siswi SMA di Surabaya Utara
Authors: Hartono Hartono
Published: December 2015

This paper discusses the highly controversial issues in the northern part of Surabaya; an issue that has attracted the attention of both parents and teachers alike, the issue of High School students’ attachment to the values of Islam. Many worried that given their attitude, these students have no concern whatsoever with the basic principles of Islam. This paper will show the otherwise by investigating carefully the notion of career choice among these students. This specific field of investigation has not received proportional attention from any field researcher apart from its significance both to the state of our education and moral conduct. The paper first argues that the attitude of these students is more complicated than many have assumed. It then tries to show that religious values are in fact the strongest determinants in students making their career choice. This theory comes as a serious challenge to many baseless assumptions that as a religion Islam has lost its influence over its younger followers. This research is done in different areas in the northern part of Surabaya. The questionnaires are distributed at random representing each area proportionally. The data are collected through these questionnaires based on the theory of Holland RIASEC.
Pendidikan Karakter melalui Penanaman Etika Berkomunikasi dalam al-Qur’an
Authors: Mudlofir Ali
Published: December 2015

The study is aimed at exploring the Qur’anic concept of education. It argues that the Qur’an mostly speaks of education in terms of character-building and tries to inculcate noble values upon human being in such a way that the good characters may be attained. Hence, the paper is of an argument that the Qur’anic concept of education is ethical; it imposes ethical values upon human being. But the aspect of ethics that the paper will be speaking is that which has to do with ethics in social interaction. The paper will look at some key terms that the Qur’an uses to infer to this social interaction which include qaulan sadida, qaulan ma’rufa, qaulan baligha, qaulan masysura, qaulan karima, and qaulan layyina. To offer a better explanation of what social interaction is all about, the paper will address and invoke some social setting in which people interact one another. In other words, the argument of the paper will be invalidated by the social facts found on the ground. This study is thus both normative and empirical.
Cyberdakwah sebagai Media Alternatif Dakwah
Authors: Saefulloh Aris
Published: December 2015

The history of Muslims in different part of the world has shown that the religion of Islam is disseminated through various form of dakwah ranging from music, rites, and even dance. The medium of dakwah has always changed depending on the nature and character of the society in which Islam is propagated. In Indonesia for example, the Javanese music called Gamelan was used by the Nine-saints to carry out their dakwah activities. This paper tries to discuss this. It is aimed at answering the question of what is the extent to which the medium of dakwah is being used in a particular propagation activity, and what would be the implication on the dissemination of Islam in using this medium. The paper is particularly interested in investigating what it calls the cyberdakwah, namely dakwah by means of modern technology such as the internet and the like. It asks, what are the positive and negative implications of this way of dakwah for Islam and community at large? As the paper tries to come up with the answer for the question, it keeps in mind the fact that the cyberdakwah reflects the adaptive ability of the Muslims in carrying out their dakwah activities.
Pengaruh Ikhtilâf al-Hadîth terhadap Penalaran Hukum Islam
Authors: Masruhan Masruhan
Published: December 2015

Difference of opinion is highly respected in Islam. The Prophet of Islam is even reported to have said that, “difference of opinion is divine providence”. This paper tackles this issue particularly within the science of prophetic tradition, and relates it to the way Muslim legalists develop the logics of law. The paper first argues that difference of opinion is not only natural but also needed in legal and social life. It is also—viewed in terms of social conflict—a requirement for a social integration. The paper speaks of the two sources of Islam—the Qur’ân and the prophetic tradition—as supportive of this difference of opinion and shows that the prophet, his companions, and closest followers are all involved in debate stemmed from their difference of opinion. This difference is the natural consequence of the difference in the level of understanding, different language, culture, way of thinking, custom, and the extent to which the companions are in engaged in the activities of the prophet.
Dinamika Pesantren Nahdlatul Wathan dalam Perspektif Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Modal
Authors: Nahdi Khirjan
Published: December 2015

This article speaks of the dynamics of the Nahdlatul Wathan Pesantren by analyzing its spiritual, social and cultural capitals. The complex nature of the relationship between one capital and another and how this relationship has become the source of the physical and academic development, is in itself an interesting issue to explore. But the Pesantren is not only the product of this relationship. It is also the product of the system that its leaders have built. The paper tries to analyze these dynamics and the changes it has gone through by employing the social, capital and educational theories. To arrive at the objective conclusion, the paper treats the Pesantren as a social system in which triadic relationship between structure, ideology, and culture is found. As a social system, the Pesantren has also to consider the external forces which it is certainly part of. But it is exactly here that the Pesantren—and any social system in that matter—will find itself in a serious dilemma. How the Pesantren will deal with the external forces will be also the issue that the paper is interested to discuss, albeit briefly.
Pola Kerukunan Antarumat Islam dan Hindu di Denpasar Bali
Authors: Basyir Kunawi
Published: December 2015

This study attempts to review the religious life of multicultural society of Muslim-Hindus in Denpasar, Bali. Findings of the fieldwork reveal the prevalence of an ideal cooperation among religous communities in building harmony in religious life. This character constitutes an integral part of Balinese societal life. Building Bali Aga (Bali Sprouts Again) needs a long process and time through theological, ideological and socio-cultural dialectics. The local government and social institutions together with Balinese society have been struggling to maintain and protect the Hindu-inspired Balinese culture through preserving the tradition of menyama braya to establish a harmonious religious life. They also exhibit inclusive religiousity in social, cultural, economic, and educational spheres. It is with this openness that Muslim-Hindu community in Bali can live in a peaceful co-exisentence and respect each other.
Work, Love, and the Family Involvement of African American Men
Authors: Penha-Lopes Vânia
Published: December 2015

Considerable variation exists in African American men’s involvement in family life. In-depth interviews were conducted with forty-five Black fathers of young children regarding their life histories and self-reported contribution to the division of housework. This article examines the impact of men’s job experiences and love relationships on their family involvement. Paternal involvement is both a function of structural constraints and of men’s interpretations and actions about them. Of paramount importance are how men construe their experiences on the job market and how they feel about the breadwinning ethic. In addition, women affect men’s behavior by mediating their connections with their children, either as former lovers or as current partners. For those who lived with women, their participation in housework is also related to their partners’ employment status.
HYDRAULIC CONCRETE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Pshinko O. M. , Krasnyuk A. V. , Hromova O. V.
Published: December 2015

Purpose. Scientific work aims at the development and testing of information system to meet the challenges of concrete composition design and control (for railway structures and buildings) based on the physico-analytical method algorithm for hydraulic concrete composition calculation. Methodology. The proposed algorithm of hydraulic concrete composition calculation is based on the physicochemical mechanics and in particular on the rheology of elastic–viscous–plastic bodies. The system of canonical equations consists of the equations for concrete strength, absolute volume, concrete mix consistency as well as the equation for optimal concrete saturation with aggregates while minimizing cement content. The joint solution of these four equations related to composition allows determining for the materials the concrete composition of required strength, concrete workability with minimum cement content. The procedure for calculation of hydraulic concrete composition according to the physico-analytical method consists of two parts: 1) physical, which is laboratory testing of concrete mix components in different concrete compositions; 2) analytical, which represents the calculation algorithm for concrete compositions equivalent in concrete strength and workability that comply with the specific conditions of concrete placing. Findings. To solve the problem of designing the concrete composition with the desired properties for railway structures and buildings it was proposed to use the information technology in the form of a developed computer program whose algorithm includes the physico-analytical method for hydraulic concrete composition determination. Originality. The developed concrete composition design method takes into account the basic properties of raw materials, concrete mix and concrete, which are pre-determined. The distinctive feature of physico-analytical method is obtaining of a set of equivalent compositions with a certain concrete mix consistency and required concrete strength, which allows to optimize the concrete composition by any optimality criterion, depending on the operation conditions. Practical value. Using the developed method will expand its functionality when applied in the form of the composition calculation computer program for the construction and repair of surface and underwater structures. The use of physico-analytical method at production site will simultaneously solve the economic problems of construction and maintenance cost reduction, component saving and ensure obtaining the concrete with the set properties for specific operation conditions of transport engineering structures.
INFLUENCE OF SHOCK VOLTAGE FROM THE ELECTRIC DISCHARGE ON THE FATIGUE ENDURANCE OF CARBON STEEL IN WATER
Authors: Vakulenko I. O. , Lisnyak A. G. , Perkov O. M. , Hai Xu Xiao
Published: December 2015

Purpose. The research supposes the explanation of influence of stress impulses from an electrical discharge in water on the level of the limited endurance at a cyclic loading of the thermally work-hardened carbon steel. Methodology. Material for research was steel 45 (0,45 % carbon) with сoncentration of chemical elements within the limits of steel composition. Specimens for tests are made as plates in 1 thick, width 15 and length 120-180 mm. The structural state of steel corresponded to quenching on a martensite from the normal temperatures of annealing and tempering at 300C, duration of 1 h. Microstructure was investigated with the use of electronic microscopy, the density of dislocations was estimated on the methods of X-ray analysis. Hardness was measured on the method of Rockwell (scale of «C»). A cyclic loading was carried out in the conditions of symmetric bend on a tester «Saturn-10» at a temperature +20C. The treatment by shock voltage from the electrical discharge was carried out in water on setting of bath type «Iskra-23», used for cleaning of castings manufactures. Electric impulses were formed at 15-18 kV with energy of 10-12 kJ and amplitude of 1-2 GPа. Findings. As a result of processing pulses of a pressure wave of heat-strengthened steel 45 found the increase of endurance under the cyclic loading corresponds to an increased amount of accumulated dislocations on the fracture surface. The use of Coffin–Manson Equation allowed finding the decrease of deformation per cycle of loading as a result of arising stress from an electrical discharge in water. On the fracture surface (after pulse exposure) was found the increased number of dislocations, located in different crystallographic systems, that is a testament to the rather complicated development of dislocation transformations in the structure of steel, which provide an increase of endurance at a fatigue. The increase of the limited endurance became as a result of impulsive treatment largely related with the number change of mobile dislocations. For the area of low-cyclic fatigue the growth of amplitude of loading is accompanied with the decrease of distinction in the values of the limited endurance (before and after the treatment of shock voltage). Originality. For the field of high-cycle fatigue, the result of shock voltage of carbon steel with the structure of the improvements, the increase of limited endurance is accompanied with a decrease in deformation per cycle. As far as growth of amplitude of stress cycle the effect of increase of endurance from treatment of metal by the shock voltage declines. Practical value. Treatment of metal by the impulses of pressure waves from an electrical discharge in water can be used for the time extending of exploitation details of the rolling stock, which are subjects of the cyclic loading.
INVESTIGATION OF INNER SHEAR RESISTANCE OF GEOGRIDS BUILT UNDER GRANULAR PROTECTION LAYERS AND RAILWAY BALLAST
Authors: Fischer Sz.
Published: December 2015

Purpose. Using adequate granular materials and layer structures in the railway super- and substructure is able to stabilise railway track geometry. For this purpose special behaviour of above materials has to be determined, e.g. inner shear resistance. Inner shear resistance of granular media with and without geogrid reinforcement in different depths is not known yet. Methodology. The author developed a special laboratory method to measure and define inner shear resistance of granular materials, it is called «multi-level shear box test». This method is adequate to determine inner shear resistance (pushing force) vs. depth (distance from the «zero» surface). Two different granular materials: andesite railway ballast (31.5/63 mm) and andesite railway protection layer material (0/56 mm), and seven different types of geogrids (GG1…GG7) were used during the tests. Findings. Values of inner shear resistance functions of andesite railway ballast without geogrid reinforcement and reinforced with different types of geogrids and andesite granular protection layer in function of the vertical distance from the geogrid plane were determined with multi-layer shear box tests when the material aggregation is uncompacted and compacted. Only the compacted sample was tested in case of the 0/56 mm protection layer. Cubic polynomial regression functions fitted on the mean values of the measurements are described graphically. Determination coefficients with values of R2>0.97 were resulted in all the cases of regression functions. Based on the polynomial regression functions fitted on the mean values of the test results, three increasing factors were determined in function of the distance measured from the geogrid. Increasing factor «A», «B» and «D». Originality. Multi-level shear box test, developed by the author, is certified unequivocally adequate for determining inner shear resistance of reinforced and unreinforced granular materials, e.g. railway ballast, protection layer. Practical value. The paper formulated the requirements of using geogrid-reinforced railway ballast and protection layer material to stabilise railway track geometry, e.g. dewatering, draining, separation, minimum ballast depth, and suggested geogrid types from investigated ones.
IMPROVEMENT THE CALCULATION OF THE STABILITY OF BUILDING LOCATED NEAR THE SLOPES FOR STRUCTURAL UNSTABLE SOILS
Authors: Ivanova M. S. , Konoval S. V. , Abed S. F.
Published: December 2015

Purpose. This article is devoted to research of soil in complex engineering and geological conditions, as well as ways to improve the stability of the stacked bases structurally unstable soils. The relevance of this work lies in the solution of grounds stability problem interacting with foundations established on structurally unstable soils. In accordance with the researches results compiled recommendations aimed to the improvement of the base stability folded by structurally unstable soils is supposed. Methodology. The aim of the work is to improve the reliability of the strength characteristics obtained by the method of mathematical modeling of the expected processes. The objective was the enhancements the existing testing methods and technologies in order to determine the relative value of safety factor and reliability assessment of the bearing capacity of the base folded structurally unstable soils. Findings. This system was designed to ensure the automated measurement of deformation parameters on the on-line with followed mathematical processing and presentation of data in an accessible form. Thus, the obtained results allow drawing the conclusions about the patterns of structure strain state, as well as predicting its future behavior. It all depended on well-formed mathematical algorithm, which is adjusted by tests conducted in natural conditions in selected regions of the Donbass region. Originality. One of the most effective ways to start and register a timely activation of deformation processes in plant cells from the damaging effects is the use of automated systems with high reliability which receive signals from the deformable objects. The main tool used to solve the problem, was the method of mathematical modeling in ACS reproducing receptive model processes in the soil with a program «HRUNT» and «MONOMAKH». And modeling the three-dimensional base of the building on the joint work of the soil mass and building by the finite element method (FEM-calculation) in the PC-LIRA system. Practical value. The problem of increasing the sustainability of slope, the prognosis of deformations and their strengthening, remains urgent. This is due to the increasing shortage of available land area and the location of facilities in cramped conditions, near the slopes composed of the non-uniform grounds.
METHOD OF THE DRIVE POWER DETERMINATION OF THE MECHANISMS OF THE BRIDGE CRANE MOVEMENT CONSIDERING THE ROLLING FRICTION
Authors: Bohomaz V. M. , Bondarenko L. M. , Hlavatskyi K. Ts. , Sokol K. O.
Published: December 2015

Purpose. The value of drive resistance to its movement is the main parameter at calculating the drive power of bridge crane. The value of the wheel rolling friction on the rails is one of the important parts of the resistance to movement. It is necessary to determine the dependence of static (dynamic) quantities of resistance to the bridge crane movement on a straight section of the track from the position of the bogie in the span, and explore the influence of the wheel flanges resistance for wear. Methodology. Using the analytical dependences for determining the rolling friction coefficient, that depends on the size of the half-width of the contact between the wheel and rail, the improved method for calculating the required drive power of the crane was proposed. Findings. With the proposed method of power calculation the characteristic curve of the crane wheel loads, the coefficient of rolling friction of the wheels and the crane resistance to movement from the position of the bogie on span were built. In the result of graphs analysis it was found that the engine power, obtained by the proposed method is higher than the recommended by the existing standards. The more precise formula for determining the total coefficient of sliding friction that takes into account the friction of wheel flanges on the rail is given. The characteristic curves of such coefficient of friction and the total resistance to movement of the position of the crane bogie were built. Originality. The scientists proposed an improved method of determining the required engine power of bridge crane, which takes into account the effect of rolling friction of the wheels on the rails and the bogie in the span. The improved formula for determining the coefficient of friction that takes into account the friction wheel flanges of the rail was given. The characteristic curve of this coefficient of friction and the total resistance movement of crane from the position of the crane bogie were built. Practical value. The application of the proposed method of determining the driving power of the crane allows determining its value more precisely, taking into account the impedance of the rolling friction of the wheels on the rails with a flanged on the rails. This approach enables better selection of elements of the mechanism of the bridge crane movement.
THE RATIONALE FOR EXTENDING THE SERVICES OF PASSENGER CARS WITH POCKETS OF CORROSION IN THE CENTER SILL
Authors: Myamlin S. V. , Reidemeister O. H. , Pulariia A. L. , Kalashnyk V. O.
Published: December 2015

Purpose. The scientific work supposed: 1) the search of accounting ways of the local corrosion damages influence to the car design, that were expired the appointed time, for the purpose of renewal; 2) experimental verification of conformity of material construction requirements of the normative documentation and justification for extending the services of passenger cars with pockets of corrosion after 30 years of operation; 3) the conformity assessment of residual life of the structure of car bodies operating pressures in the next 5 years of use. Methodology. The developed algorithm of technical diagnostics of cars with pockets of corrosion of the center sill contains several stages. First, a survey of technical condition of structures is conducted by a visual-optical method and nondestructive control methods, and the degree of damage is determined. In the next phase the experimental verification of conformity of the structure and mechanical properties of the center sill of the car with the pockets of corrosion to regulatory requirements are executed. Next, the study of strength of the supporting structures of car bodies on the basis of experimental static and impact tests of strength is executed. Finally, the endurance tests are conducted on the effect of the longitudinal forces and the evaluation and prediction of compliance resource car bodies for the next period are executed. Findings. The actual work is completed by obtaining the experimental data on the feasibility of extending the service life of passenger cars as from the point of view of an operating time of load-bearing elements of the car body to the resource, and from the point of view of chemical composition, structure and mechanical properties of the center sill with pockets of corrosion. The presence of local corrosion damages of the center sill of the presented size is not a threat to the structural strength and safety. Originality. The authors conducted a comprehensive study to validate the service life of passenger cars both on the part of the operating time of the car bodies elements on impact toughness and the evaluation the mechanical properties of the metal from which the elements of the car are produced. For the first time the possibility of further operation of cars with corrosion damages in the center sill is grounded. Practical value. The obtained results allow without the additional activities to extend the service life of passenger cars with pockets of corrosion in the center sill.
RATIONAL STEEL CORRUGATED PROFILE DESIGN
Authors: Kachurenko V. V. , Bannikov D. O.
Published: December 2015

Purpose. The work sets forth the search results of new, more efficient design solutions for metal silos, namely, the analysis of existing types of profiles cross-section in a steel wall of such silo and development of less material-intensive section of corrugated profile.Methodology. To achieve the set goal there were researched the existing types of capacitive structure profiles and their strain-stress state under the load. The analysis was performed on the results of computational experiments. The prototype object was mathematical computer models. The calculations were made using the finite-element method. For computational experiment there was used the design-computing system Structure CAD for Windows. Findings. In this work there were obtained the data allowing to assess work of the profiles and to find more effective type of cross-section in terms of its material consumption. In the process of joint study of the authors a new type of profile for capacitive structures was developed; it has higher utilization efficiency and the attachment point of individual steel sheets with this type of profile. Both solutions are easy to install, reliable in operation and can be manufactured in the conditions of modern industrial production using standard equipment, materials and components. Originality. A new type of corrugated profile cross-section for steel silo walls was proposed; it has higher load carrying capacity and rigidity and allows reducing the metal thickness without changing the structure carrying capacity that results in material consumption reduction of the whole structure.For this and similar types of profiles there was designed and proposed the attachment point of individual corrugated sheets screwed with extending flange, which enables the unit connection in case of small size corrugations, where the distance is not sufficient to accommodate the bolt cap between the individual corrugations. Practical value.Application of the proposed solutions can increase efficiency, manufacturability and maintainability of steel silo wall structures.The results obtained during the research show promise for further development of research on finding new and more economic solutions for corrugated steel silo wall design, as well as other ways to reduce material consumption of bulk material storage structures.
FORMALIZATION OF DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION CONSIDERING THE EVALUATION OF VELOCITY DURING THE COMBUSTION PROCESSES
Authors: Litvinenko V. P.
Published: December 2015

Purpose. Under modern conditions the applying methods and design models as well as the evaluation of the operational characteristics of diesel engines do not completely take into consideration the specifics of the combustion processes. In part, such situation is characterized by the complexity of considering of varied by its nature processes that haven’t been completely investigated. In this context it is necessary to find the new methods and models which would provide relatively simple solutions through the use of integrated factors based on the analysis of parameters of diesel engines. Methodology. The proposed algorithms for the estimating of the combustion process in the form of volumetric and linear velocities is based on the well-known parameters of power and mean effective pressure and allows to compare the efficiency of their behavior in various versions of diesel engines. Findings. The author specified that the volumetric / linear velocity ratio is characterized by some strength and depends on the geometric dimensions of the cylinder-piston group. Due to the assumptions it has become possible to consider the operation of a diesel engine as a system comprising: 1) the subsystem that provides the possibility of obtaining the thermal energy; 2) the subsystem providing the thermal energy transformation; 3) the subsystem that provides the necessary diesel engine power depending on terms of combustion of air-fuel mixture. Originality. The author of the paper proposed the indices of volumetric and linear combustion velocity of air-fuel mixture in the engine cylinder, that allow to obtain the comparative value in different modifications taking into account the possible choice of optimum ratio. Practical value. The usage of indices of volumetric and linear velocities of the combustion processes in the engine cylinder combined with a mathematical model will simplify the method of diesels calculating. Parametric indices of the mentioned velocities will provide the following effective researches in diesel engine design as well as the evaluation of their loading during the operation.
DEFINITION OF ENERGY SAVING ACCELERATION MODES OF TRAINS
Authors: Bodnar B. Ye. , Kapitsa M. I. , Afanasov A. M. , Kyslyi D. N.
Published: December 2015

Purpose. In modern conditions of rolling stock operation, the actual vital task is the increasing the efficiency of its use by reducing the cost of energy, including for the traction. It can be achieved by the way of locomotives power control systems creating, in particular the use of operating cards and on-board software and hardware. Methodo-logy. The article discusses ways of starting and acceleration of the train. Traction calculations with the definition of energy-efficient trajectories provide the search of a rational consumption of energy with time of running trains. When selecting energy saving train trajectories and the development of operating trains of reference cards, it is necessary to consider the variables such as: the profile area, weight of the stock, series of the locomotive and others. When the transmission power from the primary power equipment to the driving wheel pairs the inevitable losses that are described by the efficiency factor occur. For the most part of the locomotive elements the dependences of the efficiency factor are described by the nonlinear equations. Getting the energy-saving function of traction control at starting and acceleration to reduce the specific consumption of energy by improving the algorithm for calculating the trajectories of multiple trains was considered. The method of selection of energy-efficient trajectories at dispersal trains and power control electric and diesel locomotives with electric transmission which bases on the mathematical methods for evenly search and parametric optimization was offered. Findings. For the variables of the train situation and rolling stock was built two-parameter functional dependence of the power control locomotive and analytically determined the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Originality. In the work result the authors received the power saving function of traction control, which depends on the mass of the rolling stock and slant. In contrast to existing development of rational management of trains, this function requires much less computer time with a high accuracy of the calculations, which makes it possible to incorporate it into the onboard control system of the locomotive and energy savings. Practical value. Experimentally established algorithm, which is part of the on-board software package definition of energy-saving modes of conducting trains, will contribute to the reduction of energy expenses.
Leseopplæring og fagenes literacy
Authors: Skaftun Atle
Published: December 2015

Artikkelen er opprinnelig publisert i Leseboka. Leseopplæring i alle fag (Skaftun, Solheim, & Uppstad, 2015), og er et forsøk på å formulere et helhetlig perspektiv på lesing og literacy som bakgrunn for å forstå leseopplæring og fagenes literacy. Ulike forskningsinteresser blir knyttet sammen ved at literacy diskuteres som et spørsmål om tilgang på tre nivå: til skriften, til teksten og til tekstkulturen. Denne forståelsesrammen legges til grunn for å beskrive literacy opplæringen i skolen som en prosess der elevene kan inviteres til å delta i fagspesifikke og mer generelt et akademisk fellesskap. Kjernen i dette fellesskapet er en ambisjon om å stimulere elevenes språklige tenking gjennom erfaring med ulike tenkemåter i de ulike fagene, slik at de samlet tilegner seg et mangfold av strategier å velge blant i møtet med tekster og situasjoner som kaller på forståelse og sunn dømmekraft. Et slikt helhetlig perspektiv på literacy tilfører dybde til forståelsen av lesing som grunnleggende ferdighet.
English abstract
Literacy Education and Subject Literacy 
This article is originally published as part of Leseboka. Leseopplæring i alle fag (Skaftun, Solheim, & Uppstad, 2015). It represents an attempt at establishing an integrated perspective on literacy education and literacy in the school disciplines. Different research interests are tied together in a discussion of literacy as a matter of access on three levels: On the level of the written code, of the textual meaning, and that of participation in a text culture. This framework is applied in a description of literacy education as a process where the students may be invited to take part in subject-specific and a more general academic community. The core value in this community is an ambition to stimulate the use of language as a means of thinking by providing experience from the different subjects. As a result, the students should aquire a repertoire of strategies and an ability to choose from this repertoire in a flexible way when facing texts and situations calling for sound judgement. An integrated perspective on literacy might add depth to the understanding of basic literacy skills.
Patent Filing in India: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Vijayakumar M.
Published: December 2015

A study was performed to assess the quantitative trend of patent filing in India throughout 2005-06 to 2009-10. Year wise growth, geographical wise contribution, subject wise distribution of patent filing in India were presented.
Gate Keeper Role in Building Network of Interreligious Figures Based Local Wisdom In Gresik
Authors: Oetomo Setyo Budi
Published: December 2015

The composition of community in Gresik which is initially based on the traditional Islam has changed due to the development of non Muslim community and other Islamic sects. These phenomena might cause conflicts between religious followers. To reduce the potency of religious based conflicts, religious leaders use FKUB and FORMALINA as a communication network between believers. This is a qualitative research that concerns on the relationship patterns and the values within networks. Data was collected using FGD, in-depth interviews and document analysis. By analyzing the communication network between actors founded that the pattern of relationships between religious leader well established because there was the actor who played the gate keeper. The actor is capable of filtering information and liaison among actors in FKUB and in FORMALINA. Gate keeper is very crucial role in building mutual trust among actors interfaith. The religious leaders using local wisdom in establishing communication between religious leaders. The values of local wisdom has become a social character of the group.
Social Integration Management Of Places Of Worship For Islam And Christian In Surakarta
Authors: Nuriyanto Lilam Kadarin
Published: December 2015

The dynamics of religious life in Surakarta is an interesting topic to be studied. Although this city is labeled as the home of radical Islamic groups in one side, this town has developed inter-religious harmony. This can be seen from the existence of mosque and church that are build side by side,  to name among those are; a mosque of Al-Hikmah with a church GKJ Joyodingratan, and a mosque sami'na with a church GBI Prosperous Diaspora. This study uses a qualitative method. There are two main findings of this research. Firstly, there is  tolerance initiated by the religious leaders. Secondly, there is cooperation, mutual assistance, and mutual respect in conducting worship. Furthermore, there is an inclusive attitude in practicing their religion, a wise and open attitude in dealing with activities held between nearby places of worship.