bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcarotid balloon valvuloplasty in neonates and small infants with critical aortic valve stenosis utilizing continuous transesophageal echocardiographic guidance: A 22 year single center experience from the cath lab to the bedside
Authors: Patel Sunil , Saini Ashish P. , Nair Athira , Weber Howard S.
Published: May 2015

Objective

Utilization of continuous transesophageal echocardiographic guidance (cTEE) during transcarotid balloon valvuloplasty (TCBV) in neonates and small infants with critical aortic valve stenosis (AS) allows for continuous hemodynamic assessment and improved outcomes.

Background

Preferred method of intervention for critical AS remains controversial due to conflicting results.

Methods

Since 1992, 30 neonates and small infants with critical AS and adequate left ventricular (LV) volumes underwent TCBV with cTEE. Critical AS was defined as ductal dependent systemic circulation, LV systolic dysfunction, or an echo gradient ≥100 mm Hg with evidence of hypoperfusion.

Results

The median age at intervention was 4 days (range 1–54 days). Nineteen (63%) patients required PGE1 and 25 (85%) had LV dysfunction. All procedures were performed with cTEE guidance. The initial 15 patients were performed in the cath lab whereas the subsequent 15 patients were performed at the bedside without fluoroscopy. The peak systolic gradient decreased from 70 to 24 mm Hg (P < 0.001). Four (13%) early deaths were secondary to associated cardiac anomalies although one patient developed severe aortic valve insufficiency (AI) immediately post intervention. At discharge, two patients (8%) had ≥ moderate AI. At a mean follow‐up of 9 years (range: 2.2–20 years), there were 15 additional aortic valve interventions. Freedom from aortic valve reintervention at 10 years was 55% and actuarial survival rate at 10 and 15 years was 82%.

Conclusion

Bedsides TCBV with cTEE guidance is effective palliation for neonates and small infants with critical AS and allows for continuous hemodynamic assessment without the use of ionizing radiation. Our early and late results appear comparable to surgical valvotomy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Emergent transcatheter mitral valve‐in‐valve implantation in a patient with cardiogenic shock secondary to a failed mitral bioprosthesis
Authors: Alli Oluseun , Booker Oscar , Davies James
Published: May 2015

Transcatheter valve‐in‐valve (VIV) implantation is emerging as a therapeutic option for treatment of failed bioprosthesis in patients that are deemed high‐risk or inoperable for redo‐valve replacement. It can be carried out in suitable bioprosthetic valves in any position and usually performed as an elective or semi‐elective procedure. Here, we report a case of emergent transcatheter VIV implantation in a failed mitral bioprosthesis in a critically ill patient with cardiogenic shock. We conclude that transcatheter VIV implantation may also be an option for critically ill patients with failing bioprosthesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical outcomes following bioresorbable scaffold implantation for bifurcation lesions: Overall outcomes and comparison between provisional and planned double stenting strategy
Authors: Kawamoto Hiroyoshi , Latib Azeem , Ruparelia Neil , Miyazaki Tadashi , Sticchi Alessandro , Naganuma Toru , Sato Katsumasa , Figini Filippo , Chieffo Alaide , Carlino Mauro , Montorfano Matteo , Colombo Antonio
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate clinical outcomes of patients treated with a provisional stenting (PS) versus a double stenting (DS) strategy for coronary bifurcation lesions with bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS). There are limited data available with regards to outcomes following BRS implantation for bifurcation lesions. A total of 132 bifurcation lesions treated with BRS between 2012 and 2014 were analyzed. Of the total of 132 bifurcation lesions, 10 lesions were treated without crossover stenting. 99 lesions (81%) were treated with a PS strategy and 23 lesions (19%) with a DS strategy. The DS group consisted of patients with a greater number of true bifurcation lesions (PS 52.0% vs. DS 91.3%: P < 0.001). In the PS group, seven lesions (7.1%) were crossed‐over to T‐stenting. In the DS group, 13 lesions (57%) were treated with BRS to the side branch (SB). A hybrid stenting technique [BRS to the main branch, and metallic drug‐eluting stent (DES) to the SB] was utilized in 10 (43%) lesions. Target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates were 5.5% for PS and 11.2% for DS (P = 0.49) at 1‐year follow‐up. Definite scaffold thrombosis did not occur at the site of any bifurcation lesion. These findings suggest that BRS implantation for bifurcation lesions is technically feasible. The rates of TLR tended to be higher in the DS group compared to when a PS strategy was employed. Larger studies are eagerly awaited to determine longer‐term follow‐up of this treatment strategy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved Stability of Pd/Al2O3 Prepared from Palladium Nanoparticles Protected with Carbosilane Dendrons in the Dimethyl Ether Steam Reforming Reaction
Authors: Ramos Erika , Davin Laia , Angurell Inma , Ledesma Cristian , Llorca Jordi
Published: May 2015

The dimethyl ether steam reforming reaction to generate hydrogen was tested over 1 wt % Pd/Al2O3 catalysts prepared from different precursors. The conventional catalyst prepared by incipient wetness impregnation from palladium nitrate underwent strong deactivation under reforming conditions at 823 K because of metal sintering and carbon deposition. The same occurred over the catalyst prepared from preformed Pd nanoparticles protected with dodecanethiol. In contrast, catalysts prepared from Pd nanoparticles protected with carbosilane dendrons showed enhanced stability and good performance for the production of hydrogen. This was because of the formation of SiO2 at the Pd–Al2O3 interface that acted as a pinning center and prevented Pd migration under the reaction conditions as well as the accumulation of carbon.
Conversion of Pyrolysis Fuel Oils by a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor in the Presence of Methane and Ethane
Authors: Khani Mohammad R. , Khosravi Attieh , Gharibi Mahtab , Shahabi Seyedeh S. , Guy Elham Dejban , Shokri Babak
Published: May 2015

Pyrolysis fuel oil cracking by low‐temperature plasma was investigated in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor at ambient pressure. The promoting effect of methane and ethane in the formation of products was evaluated by altering the working gas from methane to ethane. In addition, the production of hydrocarbons and hydrogen was analyzed. The main parameters were working gas type, flow rate, and applied voltage. Increasing the applied voltage enhanced the production rate of valuable petrochemical compounds like gas and liquid. Alteration of the working gas flow rate led to a higher production rate of H2, C2, C3, and C4. Chemical investigations were performed by optical emission spectroscopy of plasma and the main mechanisms are described.
Origin of the Increased Li+‐Storage Capacity of Stacked SnS2/Graphene Nanocomposite
Authors: Qu Baihua , Ji Ge , Ding Bo , Lu Meihua , Chen Weixiang , Lee Jim Yang
Published: May 2015

There has been strong recent interest in using SnS2/graphene nanocomposites for reversible Li+ storage. Although SnS2 and graphene are 2D nanomaterials, many of their composites reported to date have a random 3D structure. We present here a stacked SnS2/graphene nanocomposite that retains many of the original 2D features of the graphene nanosheets. As a result, significantly improved Li+‐storage properties were shown including: 1) good cycle stability (delithiation capacity of 1063 mAh g−1 for 100 cycles at 200 mA g−1 and 918 mAh g−1 for 500 cycles at 1 A g−1); 2) high first‐cycle coulombic efficiency (89.7 %); 3) high reversibility of the conversion reaction SnS2+4 Li++4 e−→Sn+2 Li2S (87.5 %); and 4) high rate performance (712 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1). Such good performance corresponds well with a 2D construction, in which Sn nanoparticles are firmly held by graphene nanosheets. The conversion reaction becomes more reversible in the presence of the Sn nanoparticles to contribute to the additional storage capacity.
Solid‐Phase Parallel Synthesis of Functionalised Medium‐to‐Large Cyclic Peptidomimetics through Three‐Component Coupling Driven by Aziridine Aldehyde Dimers
Authors: Treder Adam P. , Hickey Jennifer L. , Tremblay Marie‐Claude J. , Zaretsky Serge , Scully Conor C. G. , Mancuso John , Doucet Annie , Yudin Andrei K. , Marsault Eric
Published: May 2015

The first solid‐phase parallel synthesis of macrocyclic peptides using three‐component coupling driven by aziridine aldehyde dimers is described. The method supports the synthesis of 9‐ to 18‐membered aziridine‐containing macrocycles, which are then functionalized by nucleophilic opening of the aziridine ring. This constitutes a robust approach for the rapid parallel synthesis of macrocyclic peptides.
Ni‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cycloisomerization of Dienes by Using TADDOL Phosphoramidites
Authors: Schmitz Christian , Leitner Walter , Franciò Giancarlo
Published: May 2015

A library of α,α,α,α‐tetraaryl‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4,5‐dimethanol (TADDOL)‐based phosphoramidites has been synthesized and applied in the Ni‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of different dienes. Through the systematic variation of the three structural motifs of the lead structure, that is, the amine moiety, the protecting group, and the aryl substituents, the ligand features could be optimized for the asymmetric cycloisomerization of the model substrate diethyl diallylmalonate. The substrate scope of the new catalytic system was extended to other diallylic substrates, including unsymmetrical dienes. Overall remarkably high activities of up to approximately 13 500 h−1, very high selectivities toward five‐membered exo‐methylenecyclopentanes, and enantioselectivities of up to 92 % ee have been achieved.
Distinct Spacing Between Anionic Groups: An Essential Chemical Determinant for Achieving Thiophene‐Based Ligands to Distinguish β‐Amyloid or Tau Polymorphic Aggregates
Authors: Klingstedt Therése , Shirani Hamid , Mahler Jasmin , Wegenast‐Braun Bettina M. , Nyström Sofie , Goedert Michel , Jucker Mathias , Nilsson K. Peter R.
Published: May 2015

The accumulation of protein aggregates is associated with many devastating neurodegenerative diseases and the existence of distinct aggregated morphotypes has been suggested to explain the heterogeneous phenotype reported for these diseases. Thus, the development of molecular probes able to distinguish such morphotypes is essential. We report an anionic tetrameric oligothiophene compound that can be utilized for spectral assignment of different morphotypes of β‐amyloid or tau aggregates present in transgenic mice at distinct ages. The ability of the ligand to spectrally distinguish between the aggregated morphotypes was reduced when the spacing between the anionic substituents along the conjugated thiophene backbone was altered, which verified that specific molecular interactions between the ligand and the protein aggregate are necessary to detect aggregate polymorphism. Our findings provide the structural and functional basis for the development of new fluorescent ligands that can distinguish between different morphotypes of protein aggregates.
Synthesis and Mechanistic Study of Cyclic Oxoguanidines via Zn(OTf)2‐Catalyzed Guanylation/Amidation from Readily Available Amino Acid Esters and Carbodiimides
Authors: Chi Yue , Xu Ling , Du Shanshan , Yan Haihan , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: May 2015

The Zn(OTf)2‐catalyzed guanylation/amidation from readily available amino acid esters and carbodiimides is achieved to provide efficiently various cyclic oxoguanidines, including 2‐amino‐1H‐imidazol‐5(4H)‐ones and 2‐aminoquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones in medium‐to‐high yields. It is the first time that an ammonium salt has been used in a guanylation reaction. The application of cyclic oxoguanidines to provide the conjugated heterocyclic compounds via oxidative CN formation or aldol reaction is explored. The reaction mechanism is well elucidated by the isolation and characterization of three important intermediates.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of ent‐Pyripyropene A
Authors: Fuse Shinichiro , Ikebe Ayako , Oosumi Kazuya , Karasawa Tomoya , Matsumura Keisuke , Izumikawa Miho , Johmoto Kohei , Uekusa Hidehiro , Shin‐ya Kazuo , Doi Takayuki , Takahashi Takashi
Published: May 2015

An asymmetric total synthesis of ent‐pyripyropene A was achieved by a convergent synthetic route. We used our originally developed TiIII‐catalyzed radical cyclization to construct an AB‐ring portion that consisted of a trans‐decalin skeleton with five contiguous stereogenic centers. The coupling between the AB‐ring and the DE‐ring portions, and a subsequent C‐ring cyclization, led to the total synthesis of ent‐pyripyropene A. An evaluation of the insecticidal activity of ent‐pyripyropene A against two aphid species revealed that ent‐pyripyropene A was 35–175 times less active than naturally occurring pyripyropene A. This result indicated that the biological target of pyripyropene A recognizes the absolute configuration of pyripyropene A.
Luminescence‐Functionalized Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on a Ruthenium(II) Complex: A Signal Amplification Strategy for Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Immunosensors
Authors: Xiong Cheng‐Yi , Wang Hai‐Jun , Liang Wen‐Bin , Yuan Ya‐Li , Yuan Ruo , Chai Ya‐Qin
Published: May 2015

Novel luminescence‐functionalized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with superior electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) properties were synthesized based on zinc ions as the central ions and tris(4,4′‐dicarboxylicacid‐2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) dichloride ([Ru(dcbpy)3]2+) as the ligands. For potential applications, the synthesized MOFs were used to fabricate a “signal‐on” ECL immunosensor for the detection of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP). As expected, enhanced ECL signals were obtained through a simple fabrication strategy because luminescence‐functionalized MOFs not only effectively increased the loading of [Ru(dcbpy)3]2+, but also served as a loading platform in the ECL immunosensor. Furthermore, the proposed ECL immunosensor had a wide linear range from 5 pg mL−1 to 25 ng mL−1 and a relatively low detection limit of 1.67 pg mL−1 (signal/noise=3). The results indicated that luminescence‐functionalized MOFs provided a novel amplification strategy in the construction of ECL immunosensors and might have great prospects for application in bioanalysis.
3,6,7‐Triamino‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐b][1,2,4]triazole: A Non‐toxic, High‐Performance Energetic Building Block with Excellent Stability
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Schmid Philipp C. , Schnell Simon , Stierstorfer Jörg
Published: May 2015

A novel strategy for the design of energetic materials that uses fused amino‐substituted triazoles as energetic building blocks is presented. The 3,6,7‐triamino‐7H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐b][1,2,4]triazolium (TATOT) motif can be incorporated into many ionic, nitrogen‐rich materials to form salts with advantages such as remarkably high stability towards physical or mechanical stimuli, excellent calculated detonation velocity, and toxicity low enough to qualify them as “green explosives”. Neutral TATOT can be synthesized in a convenient and inexpensive two‐step protocol in high yield. To demonstrate the superior properties of TATOT, 13 ionic derivatives were synthesized and their chemical‐ and physicochemical properties (e.g., sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrostatic discharge) were investigated extensively. Low toxicity was demonstrated for neutral TATOT and its nitrate salt. Both are insensitive towards impact and friction and the nitrate salt combines outstanding thermal stability (decomposition temperature=280 °C) with promising calculated energetic values.
Spontaneous Self‐Assembly of γ‐Cyclodextrins in Dilute Solutions with Tunable Sizes and Thermodynamic Stability
Authors: Zhou Jing , Yin Panchao , Gao Yunyi , Hu Lang , Liu Tianbo
Published: May 2015

The behavior in dilute solution of phosphate‐functionalized γ‐cyclodextrin macroanions with eight charges on the rim was explored. The hydrophilic macroions in mixed solvents show strong attraction between each other, mediated by the counterions, and consequently self‐assemble into blackberry‐type hollow spherical structures. Time‐resolved laser light scattering (LLS) measurements at high temperature ruled out the possibility of hydrogen bonding as the main driving force in the self‐assembly and indicated the good thermodynamic stability of assemblies regulated by the charge. The transition from single macroions to blackberries can be tuned by adjusting the content of organic solvent. The sizes of blackberries vary with the charge density of γ‐cyclodextrin by adjusting pH. It is the first report that pure cyclodextrins can generate supramolecular structures by themselves in dilute solution. The unique solution behavior of macroions provides a new opportunity to assemble cyclodextrin into functional materials and devices.
Zinc‐Catalyzed Functionalization of SiH Bonds with 2‐Furyl Carbenoids through Three‐Component Coupling
Authors: Mata Sergio , López Luis A. , Vicente Rubén
Published: May 2015

A three‐component coupling of alk‐2‐ynals, 1,3‐dicarbonyls and silanes is reported. ZnCl2 serves as an inexpensive and low‐toxic catalyst for the overall transformation, which involves Knoevenagel condensation, cyclization, and carbene SiH bond insertion. The process takes place with high atom economy in the absence of organic solvents and shows a broad scope. This reaction is also applicable to the functionalization of oligomeric siloxanes.
Directional Dynamic Covalent Motion of a Carbonyl Walker on a Polyamine Track
Authors: Kovaříček Petr , Lehn Jean‐Marie
Published: May 2015

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Jean‐Marie Lehn at the Université de Strasbourg (France). The image depicts the trend of the research activities pursued in our laboratory in Strasbourg over 50 years towards chemical systems, entities and processes, of increasing complexity. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201500987.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric anti‐Selective Michael Reaction of Imidazole‐Modified Ketones with trans‐β‐Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Yang Dongxu , Wang Linqing , Li Dan , Han Fengxia , Zhao Depeng , Wang Rui
Published: May 2015

The highly enantioselective reaction between imidazolyl ketones and nitroalkenes furnishes the anti‐selective adducts in high yields in the presence of a novel bromothiophene‐derived chiral diamine ligand.
Arylamino Esters As P‐Glycoprotein Modulators: SAR Studies to Establish Requirements for Potency and Selectivity
Authors: Teodori Elisabetta , Dei Silvia , Floriddia Elisa , Perrone Maria Grazia , Manetti Dina , Romanelli Maria Novella , Contino Marialessandra , Colabufo Nicola Antonio
Published: May 2015

A set of basic aryl‐group‐containing compounds was synthesized with the aim of developing potent and selective P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) modulators that are able to reverse multidrug resistance (MDR). The natures of the spacer (dicyclohexylamine or dialkylamine) and the aryl moieties were modified to investigate selectivity and the mechanism of P‐gp interaction. The inhibitory activities of the compounds toward P‐gp, multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1 (MRP1), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), the most relevant ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters for MDR, were evaluated. The mechanism of P‐gp interaction for each compound was investigated with three biological assays: apparent permeability (Papp) determination (B→A/A→B) in Caco‐2 cell monolayers, ATP cell depletion, and inhibition of Calcein‐AM transport in MDCK‐MDR1 cells. These assays allowed us to estimate the selectivity of the compounds for the three efflux pumps and to identify the structural requirements that define the P‐gp‐interaction profile. All dicyclohexylamine derivatives were found to be P‐gp substrates, whereas one dialkylamine derivative was shown to be a P‐gp inhibitor. The good MRP1 activity of one cis/cis isomer highlighted this as a lead candidate for the development of MRP1 ligands.
Evaluation of the expression pattern of rAAV2/1, 2/5, 2/7, 2/8, and 2/9 serotypes with different promoters in the mouse visual cortex
Authors: Scheyltjens Isabelle , Laramée Marie‐Eve , Van den Haute Chris , Gijsbers Rik , Debyser Zeger , Baekelandt Veerle , Vreysen Samme , Arckens Lutgarde
Published: May 2015

This study compared the expression pattern, laminar distribution, and cell specificity of several rAAV serotypes (2/1, 2/5, 2/7, 2/8, and 2/9) injected in the primary visual cortex (V1) of adult C57Bl/6J mice. In order to obtain specific expression in certain neuron subtypes, different promoter sequences were evaluated for excitatory cell specificity: a universal cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, and two versions of the excitatory neuron‐specific Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent kinase subunit α (CaMKIIα) promoter, CaMKIIα 0.4 and CaMKIIα 1.3. The spatial distribution as well as the cell type specificity was immunohistochemically verified. Depending on the rAAV serotype used, the transduced volume expressing reporter protein differed substantially (rAAV2/5 ≫ 2/7 ≈ 2/9 ≈ 2/8 ≫ 2/1). Excitatory neuron‐specific targeting was promoter‐dependent, with a surprising difference between the 1.3 kb and 0.4 kb CaMKIIα promoters. While CaMKIIα 1.3 and CMV carrying vectors were comparable, with 78% of the transduced neurons being excitatory for CMV and 82% for CaMKIIα 1.3, the shorter CaMKIIα 0.4 version resulted in 95% excitatory specificity. This study therefore puts forward the CaMKIIα 0.4 promoter as the best choice to target excitatory neurons with rAAVs. Together, these results can be used as an aid to select the most optimal vector system to deliver transgenes into specific rodent neocortical circuits, allowing further elucidation of their functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2019–2042, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spectroelectrochemical Studies on Quinacridone by Using Poly(vinyl alcohol) Coating as Protection Layer
Authors: Enengl Sandra , Enengl Christina , Stadler Philipp , Neugebauer Helmut , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar
Published: May 2015

Spectroscopic measurements in the infrared range combined with electrochemistry are a powerful technique for investigation of organic semiconductors to track changes during oxidation and reduction (p‐ and n‐doping) processes. For these measurements it is important that the studied material, mostly deposited as a thin film on an internal reflection element, does not dissolve during this characterization. In this study we introduce a technique that allows infrared spectroelectrochemical characterization of films of these materials for the first time. In many cases so far this has been impossible, due to solubility in the oxidized and/or reduced form. This novel technique is shown on thin films of quinacridone by adding a protection layer of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA).
Cubic C8: An Observable Allotrope of Carbon?
Authors: Sharapa Dmitry , Hirsch Andreas , Meyer Bernd , Clark Timothy
Published: May 2015

Ab initio and DFT calculations are used to investigate the structure, electronic properties, spectra and reactivity of cubic C8, which is predicted to be aromatic according to Hirsch′s rule. Although highly strained and with a small amount of diradical character, the carbon cube represents a surprisingly deep minimum and should therefore be observable as an isolated molecule. It is, however, predicted to be very reactive, both with itself and triplet oxygen. Calculated IR, Raman, and UV/Vis spectra are provided to aid identification of cubic C8 should it be synthesized.
Enhancing the Efficiency of Water Oxidation by Boron‐Doped BiVO4 under Visible Light: Hole Trapping by BO4 Tetrahedra
Authors: Li Yanqing , Jing Tao , Liu Yuanyuan , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying , Zhang Xiaoyang , Qin Xiaoyan , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan
Published: May 2015

Boron‐doped monoclinic and tetragonal phases of BiVO4 were prepared by using the urea precipitation method, and the visible‐light photocatalytic activities of pristine and boron‐doped BiVO4 for oxygen generation from water were compared. Boron doping enhances the photocatalytic activities of BiVO4. The reasons for this enhancement were probed by performing X‐ray photoelectron, Raman, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, and also by performing density functional calculations for model boron‐doped BiVO4 structures. The photocatalytic activities of BiVO4 is enhanced by boron doping because the resulting BO4 tetrahedra, which are smaller than the VO4 tetrahedra, create an occupied defect level per boron lying approximately 0.17 eV above the valence‐band maximum of pristine BiVO4, and this defect level is localized because it is made up of the O 2 p levels of the BO4 tetrahedron. Thus, the BO4 tetrahedra that result from boron doping act as hole traps, thereby slowing down the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes.
Affective dysfunction in a mouse model of Rett syndrome: Therapeutic effects of environmental stimulation and physical activity
Authors: Kondo Mari A. , Gray Laura J. , Pelka Gregory J. , Leang Sook‐Kwan , Christodoulou John , Tam Patrick P. L. , Hannan Anthony J.
Published: May 2015

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with mutations in the X‐linked gene encoding methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MeCP2) and consequent dysregulation of brain maturation. Patients suffer from a range of debilitating physical symptoms, however, behavioral and emotional symptoms also severely affect their quality of life. Here, we present previously unreported and clinically relevant affective dysfunction in the female heterozygous Mecp2tm1Tam mouse model of RTT (129sv and C57BL6 mixed background). The affective dysfunction and aberrant anxiety‐related behavior of the Mecp2+/− mice were found to be reversible with environmental enrichment (EE) from 4 weeks of age. The effect of exercise alone (via wheel running) was also explored, providing the first evidence that increased voluntary physical activity in an animal model of RTT is beneficial for some phenotypes. Mecp2+/− mutants displayed elevated corticosterone despite decreased Crh expression, demonstrating hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation. EE of Mecp2+/− mice normalized basal serum corticosterone and hippocampal BDNF protein levels. The enrichment‐induced rescue appears independent of the transcriptional regulation of the MeCP2 targets Bdnf exon 4 and Crh. These findings provide new insight into the neurodevelopmental role of MeCP2 and pathogenesis of RTT, in particular the affective dysfunction. The positive outcomes of environmental stimulation and physical exercise have implications for the development of therapies targeting the affective symptoms, as well as behavioral and cognitive dimensions, of this devastating neurodevelopmental disorder. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 209–224, 2016
Epithelial microRNA‐9a regulates dendrite growth through Fmi‐Gq signaling in Drosophila sensory neurons
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Huan , Li Xiaoting , Li Yan
Published: May 2015

microRNA‐9 (miR‐9) is highly expressed in the nervous system across species and plays essential roles in neurogenesis and axon growth; however, little is known about the mechanisms that link miR‐9 with dendrite growth. Using an in vivo model of Drosophila class I dendrite arborization (da) neurons, we show that miR‐9a, a Drosophila homolog of mammalian miR‐9, downregulates the cadherin protein Flamingo (Fmi) thereby attenuating dendrite development in a non‐cell autonomous manner. In miR‐9a knockout mutants, the dendrite length of a sensory neuron ddaE was significantly increased. Intriguingly, miR‐9a is specifically expressed in epithelial cells but not in neurons, thus the expression of epithelial but not neuronal Fmi is greatly elevated in miR‐9a mutants. In contrast, overexpression of Fmi in the neuron resulted in a reduction in dendrite growth, suggesting that neuronal Fmi plays a suppressive role in dendrite growth, and that increased epithelial Fmi might promote dendrite growth by competitively binding to neuronal Fmi. Fmi has been proposed as a G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR), we find that neuronal G protein Gαq (Gq), but not Go, may function downstream of Fmi to negatively regulate dendrite growth. Taken together, our results reveal a novel function of miR‐9a in dendrite morphogenesis. Moreover, we suggest that Gq might mediate the intercellular signal of Fmi in neurons to suppress dendrite growth. Our findings provide novel insights into the complex regulatory mechanisms of microRNAs in dendrite development, and further reveal the interplay between the different components of Fmi, functioning in cadherin adhesion and GPCR signalling. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 225–237, 2016
Development of a general‐purpose method for cell purification using Cre/loxP‐mediated recombination
Authors: Kuroki Shunsuke , Akiyoshi Mika , Ideguchi Ko , Kitano Satsuki , Miyachi Hitoshi , Hirose Michiko , Mise Nathan , Abe Kuniya , Ogura Atsuo , Tachibana Makoto
Published: May 2015

A mammalian body is composed of more than 200 different types of cells. The purification of a certain cell type from tissues/organs enables a wide variety of studies. One popular cell purification method is immunological isolation, using antibodies against specific cell surface antigens. However, this is not a general‐purpose method, since suitable antigens have not been found in certain cell types, including embryonic gonadal somatic cells and Sertoli cells. To address this issue, we established a knock‐in mouse line, named R26 KI, designed to express the human cell surface antigen hCD271 through Cre/loxP‐mediated recombination. First, we used the R26 Kl mouse line to purify embryonic gonadal somatic cells. Gonadal somatic cells were purified from the R26 KI; Nr5a1‐Cre‐transgenic (tg) embryos almost equally as efficiently as from Nr5a1‐hCD271‐tg embryos. Second, we used the R26 KI mouse line to purify Sertoli cells successfully from R26 KI; Amh‐Cre‐tg testes. In summary, we propose that the R26 KI mouse line is a powerful tool for the purification of various cell types. genesis 53:387–393, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk for self‐reported anorexia or bulimia nervosa based on drive for thinness and negative affect clusters/dimensions during adolescence: A three‐year prospective study of the TChAD cohort
Authors: Peñas‐Lledó Eva , Bulik Cynthia M. , Lichtenstein Paul , Larsson Henrik , Baker Jessica H.
Published: May 2015

Objective

This study explored the cross‐sectional and predictive effect of drive for thinness and/or negative affect scores on the development of self‐reported anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN).

Method

K‐means were used to cluster the Eating Disorder Inventory‐Drive for Thinness (DT) and Child Behavior Checklist Anxious/Depressed (A/D) scores from 615 unrelated female twins at age 16–17. Logistic regressions were used to assess the effect of these clusters on self‐reported eating disorder diagnosis at ages 16–17 (n = 565) and 19–20 (n = 451).

Results

DT and A/D scores were grouped into four clusters: Mild (scores lower than 90th percentile on both scales), DT (higher scores only on DT), A/D (higher scores only on A/D), and DT‐A/D (higher scores on both the DT and A/D scales). DT and DT‐A/D clusters at age 16–17 were associated cross‐sectionally with AN and both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally with BN. The DT‐A/D cluster had the highest prevalence of AN at follow‐up compared with all other clusters. Similarly, an interaction was observed between DT and A/D that predicted risk for AN.

Discussion

Having elevated DT and A/D scores may increase risk for eating disorder symptomatology above and beyond a high score on either alone. Findings suggest that cluster modeling based on DT and A/D may be useful to inform novel and useful intervention strategies for AN and BN in adolescents. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:692–699)
The 30‐day metric in acute heart failure revisited: data from IN‐HF Outcome, an Italian nationwide cardiology registry
Authors: Di Tano Giuseppe , De Maria Renata , Gonzini Lucio , Aspromonte Nadia , Di Lenarda Andrea , Feola Mauro , Marini Marco , Milli Massimo , Misuraca Gianfranco , Mortara Andrea , Oliva Fabrizio , Pulignano Giovanni , Russo Giulia , Senni Michele , Tavazzi Luigi ,   on the behalf of the IN‐HF Outcome Investigators
Published: May 2015

Aims

Unplanned readmissions early after a discharge from acute heart failure hospitalization are common and have become a reimbursement benchmark and marker of hospital quality. However, the competing risk of short‐term post‐discharge mortality is substantial.

Methods and results

Using data from the prospective, nationwide Registry IN‐HF Outcome, we analysed the incidence and predictors of 30‐day mortality or readmissions and associated days‐alive‐out‐of‐hospital (DAOH) in 1520 patients discharged alive after admission for acute heart failure. Within 30 days after discharge, 94 patients (6.2%) were readmitted (91% for cardiovascular causes; 60% recurrent heart failure) and 42 (2.8%) died, 10 of which occurred during readmission. Overall, 126 patients (8.3%) met the combined endpoint. By multivariable logistic regression, worsening chronic heart failure as clinical presentation [odds ratio (OR) 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–2.77, P = 0.005), inotropes during admission (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.40–3.43, P = 0.0006), length of stay (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.04, P = 0.002) and renin–angiotensin system inhibitors at discharge (OR 0.52, 95%CI 0.35–0.77, P = 0.001) independently predicted 30‐day all‐cause mortality and/or readmission (c‐statistic = 0.695). Per cent 30‐day DAOH was lower in patients with in‐hospital inotrope use, no renin–angiotensin system inhibitors prescription at discharge, New York Heart Association III–IV class at discharge, and correlated inversely with length of stay and age.

Conclusion

A clinical and biohumoral profile consistent with chronic advanced heart failure and end‐organ damage identifies acute heart failure patients discharged home from cardiology units, who are at highest risk of early death and/or readmission. These findings have practical implications for tailoring specific follow‐up.
Recognition of an Explosive and Mutagenic Water Pollutant, 2,4,6‐Trinitrophenol, by Cost‐Effective Luminescent MOFs
Authors: Ghosh Pritam , Saha Sourav Kumar , Roychowdhury Additi , Banerjee Priyabrata
Published: May 2015

Two luminescent MOFs, Zn‐NDC and Cd‐NDC (NDC = 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylate), which are capable of sensing 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (TNP) and similar explosives and mutagens, are reported. Of these two MOFs, Zn‐NDC shows better response in sensing nitroaromatics like TNP and 4‐nitrobenzoic acid (4‐NBA). Compared to Zn‐NDC, Cd‐NDC is more selective in the detection of explosive and pollutant nitroaromatics (epNACs). Cd‐NDC is a selective TNP sensor over several other tested epNACs: 2,6‐dinitrotoluene (2,6‐DNT), nitrobenzene (NB), 4‐NBA, 1,3‐dinitrobenzene (1,3‐DNB), 3,4‐dinitrotoluene (3,4‐DNT), and 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT). For both d10‐NDC MOFs, TNP sensitivity is supported by fluorescence quenching. The experiments have been carried out with deionized water as well as various other environmental water specimens collected from several parts of West Bengal, India. Spectroscopic results are further supported by theoretical DFT calculations.
Synthesis of BINAM‐Based Chiral Di‐1,2,3‐triazolylidene Complexes and Application of the Di‐NHC RhI Catalyst in Enantioselective Hydrosilylation
Authors: Sluijter Soraya N. , Jongkind Lukas J. , Elsevier Cornelis J.
Published: May 2015

Despite the prolific use of (di‐)NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, there are relatively few reports on their successful application in asymmetric transformations. In this work the atropisomeric binaphthyl backbone was combined with readily obtainable 1,2,3‐triazolylidenes to develop a strongly electron‐donating C2‐symmetric ligand. The ligand was efficiently synthesized in a three‐step procedure in an overall yield of 91 % starting from commercially available materials. Strategies for the synthesis of the corresponding di‐NHC silver(I), palladium(II), rhodium(I), and iridium(I) complexes have been developed. The rhodium(I) complex was employed in the catalytic asymmetric hydrosilylation of ketones, providing good conversions at catalyst loadings as low as 0.2 mol‐% and giving chiral inductions of up to 51 % ee.
Solution Speciation and Stability of Cobalt‐Polyoxometalate Water Oxidation Catalysts by X‐ray Scattering
Authors: Goberna‐Ferrón Sara , Soriano‐López Joaquín , Galán‐Mascarós José Ramón , Nyman May
Published: May 2015

In the last 5 years several cobalt‐polyoxometalates (Co‐POMs) have been reported as all‐inorganic water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) with enhanced stability, because oxidative ligand decomposition is not possible. However, while they are promising homogeneous WOCs, they have been highly debated with regard to their stability under turnover conditions. For this reason, these systems are interesting subjects for speciation and stability studies using X‐ray scattering techniques – not broadly used in the WOC field. Here we rigorously characterize the speciation of Co‐POMs under catalytically relevant conditions. Our studies reveal that: 1) the clusters remain largely intact during reaction with a chemical oxidant, especially in the absence of phosphate buffer; and 2) common phosphate buffers have the greatest effect on the degradation of the Co‐POMs under these conditions. This study of the structure in the aqueous state under various conditions provides invaluable information in the understanding of the solution behaviour of Co‐POMs and in the development of the next generation of WOCs.
Discrete Polymetallic Arrangements of AgI and CuI Ions Based on Multiple Bridging Phosphane Ligands and π–π Interactions
Authors: Attenberger Bianca , El Sayed Moussa Mehdi , Brietzke Thomas , Vreshch Volodimir , Holdt Hans‐Jürgen , Lescop Christophe , Scheer Manfred
Published: May 2015

A simple and straightforward approach to new polymetallic AgI and CuI supramolecules is presented. The reaction of N,P,N,P,N ligand 2 with AgI ions affords a trimetallic complex bearing a triangular Ag3 core; metallophilic interactions are stabilized by ligands that display a multiple bridging coordination mode as 10‐electron donors. Heteroleptic polymetallic AgI and CuI complexes based on ligand 2 and the 1,12‐diazaperylene (dape) ligand are obtained by an alternative molecular organization of the polymetallic arrays compared to that in homoleptic complexes of ligand 2.
Pheromone Bouquet of the Dried Bean Beetle, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Col.: Chrysomelidae), Now Complete
Authors: Vuts József , Francke Wittko , Mori Kenji , Zarbin Paulo H. G. , Hooper Antony M. , Millar Jocelyn G. , Pickett John A. , Tóth Miklós , Chamberlain Keith , Caulfield John C. , Woodcock Christine M. , Tröger Armin G. , Csonka Éva Bálintné , Birkett Michael A.
Published: May 2015

Male‐specific volatile components, released by the dried bean beetle, Acanthoscelides obtectus, were identified as methyl (E,R)‐2,4,5‐tetradecatrienoate, methyl (2E,4Z,7Z)‐2,4,7‐decatrienoate, methyl (2E,4Z)‐2,4‐decadienoate, octadecanal and the sesquiterpenes (3Z,6E)‐ and (3E,6E)‐α‐farnesene. In olfactometer bioassays, pure methyl (E,R)‐2,4,5‐tetradecatrienoate was only weakly attractive to unmated females. However, a blend of the six identified compounds released in physiologically relevant ratios and doses proved to be as active as headspace odours collected from live males.
N‐(1‐Oxy‐2‐picolyl)oxalamic Acid as an Efficient Ligand for Copper‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Iodides at Room Temperature
Authors: Wang Yongbin , Ling Jing , Zhang Yu , Zhang Ao , Yao Qizheng
Published: May 2015

N‐(1‐Oxy‐pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)oxalamic acid was identified as efficient ligand for CuI‐catalyzed amination of aryl halides at room temperature. In our catalytic system, N‐arylation of cyclic secondary amines, primary amines, amino acids, and ammonia proceeded with moderate to excellent yields and high functional group tolerance.
Synthesis of 5‐Fluorotriazoles by Silver‐Mediated Fluorination of 5‐Iodotriazoles
Authors: Wang Damin , Sun Wenjing , Chu Taiwei
Published: May 2015

A simple method was developed for the direct fluorination of 5‐iodotriazoles with AgF as fluoride source and N1,N1,N2,N2‐tetramethylethane‐1,2‐diamine (TMEDA) as ligand. This method is compatible with various functional groups. 5‐Iodotriazoles without aromatic groups at the 4‐position or aliphatic substituents at the N1 position can also be smoothly converted to the corresponding 5‐fluorotriazoles. Preliminary mechanism studies were also performed.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Dichlorinated Chondramide Derivatives
Authors: Becker Dominic , Kazmaier Uli
Published: May 2015

Straightforward synthetic protocols for the synthesis of new ethyl‐substituted dichlorinated chondramides with different methyl‐substitution patterns in the polyketide fragment have been developed. The methyl groups at the ϵ‐position can be removed completely without a significant influence on the biological activity. In contrast, after removal of the α‐methyl group, a significant drop in activity is observed. This is also observed if the configuration of the α‐methyl group is inverted.
Iron‐Catalysed Oxidative Ugi‐Type Multicomponent Reaction Using (Arylmethyl)amines as Imine Precursors
Authors: Dighe Shashikant U. , Kolle Shivalinga , Batra Sanjay
Published: May 2015

An efficient iron‐catalysed Ugi‐type three‐component reaction involving oxidation of (arylmethyl)amines to imines directly under air as a safe oxidant is reported. The reaction is executed as a one‐step procedure, and has a broad substrate scope with respect to all components.
Calibration of the Dutch‐Flemish PROMIS Pain Behavior item bank in patients with chronic pain
Authors: Crins M.H.P. , Roorda L.D. , Smits N. , de Vet H.C.W. , Westhovens R. , Cella D. , Cook K.F. , Revicki D. , van Leeuwen J. , Boers M. , Dekker J. , Terwee C.B.
Published: May 2015

Background

The aims of the current study were to calibrate the item parameters of the Dutch‐Flemish PROMIS Pain Behavior item bank using a sample of Dutch patients with chronic pain and to evaluate cross‐cultural validity between the Dutch‐Flemish and the US PROMIS Pain Behavior item banks. Furthermore, reliability and construct validity of the Dutch‐Flemish PROMIS Pain Behavior item bank were evaluated.

Methods

The 39 items in the bank were completed by 1042 Dutch patients with chronic pain. To evaluate unidimensionality, a one‐factor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed. A graded response model (GRM) was used to calibrate the items. To evaluate cross‐cultural validity, Differential item functioning (DIF) for language (Dutch vs. English) was evaluated. Reliability of the item bank was also examined and construct validity was studied using several legacy instruments, e.g. the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire.

Results

CFA supported the unidimensionality of the Dutch‐Flemish PROMIS Pain Behavior item bank (CFI = 0.960, TLI = 0.958), the data also fit the GRM, and demonstrated good coverage across the pain behavior construct (threshold parameters range: −3.42 to 3.54). Analysis showed good cross‐cultural validity (only six DIF items), reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.95) and construct validity (all correlations ≥0.53).

Conclusions

The Dutch‐Flemish PROMIS Pain Behavior item bank was found to have good cross‐cultural validity, reliability and construct validity. The development of the Dutch‐Flemish PROMIS Pain Behavior item bank will serve as the basis for Dutch‐Flemish PROMIS short forms and computer adaptive testing (CAT).
Inflammatory pain memory facilitates occlusal interference‐induced masticatory muscle hyperalgesia in rats
Authors: Ding T‐T. , Xu X‐X. , Cao Ye , Liu C‐R. , Gan Y‐H. , Xie Q‐F.
Published: May 2015

Background

Patients with an orofacial pain history appear to be more susceptible to occlusal interference pain in dental practice for unknown reasons. Pain memory has a critical function in subsequent pain perception. This study aims to explore whether orofacial pain memory could affect the masticatory muscle pain perception for occlusal interference.

Methods

Cross‐injection of 2% carrageenan into bilateral masseters in male rats was carried out to establish the inflammatory pain memory model. The effects of pain memory on masseter muscle nociception were tested by applying crowns with heights beyond the occlusal plane by 0.2 or 0.4 mm onto a maxillary molar 2 weeks after inflammation in the right masseter. The 0.4‐mm crowns were removed on day 2 or day 4 after application to further confirm the effects of pain memory. Moreover, memory impairment was established using ibotenic acid (IBO) infusion into the bilateral hippocampus, followed by behaviour tests, including the Morris water maze test and the locomotor activity test. The relationship between pain memory and occlusal interference‐induced masseter muscle pain perception was subsequently re‐examined. The head withdrawal thresholds of masseters on both sides were measured to reflect the perception.

Results

Inflammatory pain memory aggravated the 0.2‐mm crown‐induced mechanical hyperalgesia of the masseters, but not in the 0.4‐mm crown group. However, the recovery of the 0.4‐mm crown‐induced mechanical hyperalgesia was postponed. The effects of pain memory were reversed in rats with impaired mnemonic function of the hippocampus.

Conclusions

Inflammatory pain memory facilitated occlusal interference‐induced masseter muscle pain.
Oxidative stress, telomere shortening, and DNA methylation in relation to low‐to‐moderate occupational exposure to welding fumes
Authors: Li Huiqi , Hedmer Maria , Wojdacz Tomasz , Hossain Mohammad Bakhtiar , Lindh Christian H. , Tinnerberg Håkan , Albin Maria , Broberg Karin
Published: May 2015

Evidence suggests that exposure to welding fumes is a risk factor for lung cancer. We examined relationships between low‐to‐moderate occupational exposure to particles from welding fumes and cancer‐related biomarkers for oxidative stress, changes in telomere length, and alterations in DNA methylation. We enrolled 101 welders and 127 controls (all currently nonsmoking men) from southern Sweden. We performed personal sampling of respirable dust and measured 8‐oxodG concentrations in urine using a simplified liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Telomere length in peripheral blood was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Methylation status of 10 tumor suppressor genes was determined by methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting analysis. All analyses were adjusted for age, body mass index, previous smoking, passive smoking, current residence, and wood burning stove/boiler at home. Welders were exposed to respirable dust at 1.2 mg/m3 (standard deviation, 3.3 mg/m3; range, 0.1–19.3), whereas control exposures did not exceed 0.1 mg/m3 (P < 0.001). Welders and controls did not differ in 8‐oxodG levels (β = 1.2, P = 0.17) or relative telomere length (β = −0.053, P = 0.083) in adjusted models. Welders showed higher probability of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) methylation in the unadjusted model (odds ratio = 14, P = 0.014), but this was not significant in the fully adjusted model (P = 0.052). Every working year as a welder was associated with 0.0066 units shorter telomeres (95% confidence interval −0.013 to −0.00053, P = 0.033). Although there were no clear associations between concentrations of respirable dust and the biomarkers, there were modest signs of associations between oxidative stress, telomere alterations, DNA methylation, and occupational exposure to low‐to‐moderate levels of particles. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 56:684–693, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.