bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species of Holcoglossum (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae) from Southern Shan State, Myanmar with taxonomic notes on Holcoglossum himalaicum
Authors: WOJTAS K. PHILIP , BANDARA CHAMPIKA , KUMAR PANKAJ
Published: March 2024

A new species of Holcoglossum is described and illustrated from Myanmar with colour plates, line drawing and photographs. The comparison and differentiation are made with H. semiteretifolium and H. himalaicum. Holcoglossum clausum is allied to H. himalaicum owing to the similar coloration and the long spur, however, they differ based on the size of the petals (7–8 mm × 2–3 mm vs. 4–5 mm × 2 mm), the length of the petiole (1.8 cm vs. 3–4 cm) and the length of the stem (4 cm vs. 5–24 cm). From H. semiteretifolium the new species can be distinguished by its growth (pendant vs. upright), the much longer leaves (45 cm vs. 15 cm) and the longer spur (1.3 cm vs. 6.4 mm). Furthermore, we reduce H. gaoligongense and Pendulorchis gaoligongense var. lushuiensis to the synonymy of H. himalaicum, as there are no discernible morphological differences between them, and they both inhabit the same climate type, namely the subtropical highland climate.
Equatorial Western–Central Pacific SST Responsible for the North Pacific Oscillation–ENSO Sequence
Authors: Hu Suqiong , Zhang Wenjun , Watanabe Masahiro , Jiang Feng , Jin Fei-Fei , Chen Han-Ching
Published: March 2024

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the dominant mode of interannual variability in the tropical Pacific, is well known to affect the extratropical climate via atmospheric teleconnections. Extratropical atmospheric variability may in turn influence the occurrence of ENSO events. The winter North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), as the secondary dominant mode of atmospheric variability over the North Pacific, has been recognized as a potential precursor for ENSO development. This study demonstrates that the preexisting winter NPO signal is primarily excited by sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the equatorial western–central Pacific. During ENSO years with a preceding winter NPO signal, which accounts for approximately 60% of ENSO events observed in 1979–2021, significant SST anomalies emerge in the equatorial western–central Pacific in the preceding autumn and winter. The concurrent presence of local convection anomalies can act as a catalyst for NPO-like atmospheric circulation anomalies. In contrast, during other ENSO years, significant SST anomalies are not observed in the equatorial western–central Pacific during the preceding winter, and correspondingly, the NPO signal is absent. Ensemble simulations using an atmospheric general circulation model driven by observed SST anomalies in the tropical western–central Pacific can well reproduce the interannual variability of observed NPO. Therefore, an alternative explanation for the observed NPO–ENSO relationship is that the preceding winter NPO is a companion to ENSO development, driven by the precursory SST signal in the equatorial western–central Pacific. Our results suggest that the lagged relationship between ENSO and the NPO involves a tropical–extratropical two-way coupling rather than a purely stochastic forcing of the extratropical atmosphere on ENSO.
More Is Not Always Better: Impacts of AI-Generated Confidence and Explanations in Human–Automation Interaction
Authors: Ling Shihong , Zhang Yutong , Du Na
Published: March 2024

Objective

The study aimed to enhance transparency in autonomous systems by automatically generating and visualizing confidence and explanations and assessing their impacts on performance, trust, preference, and eye-tracking behaviors in human–automation interaction.

Background

System transparency is vital to maintaining appropriate levels of trust and mission success. Previous studies presented mixed results regarding the impact of displaying likelihood information and explanations, and often relied on hand-created information, limiting scalability and failing to address real-world dynamics.

Method

We conducted a dual-task experiment involving 42 university students who operated a simulated surveillance testbed with assistance from intelligent detectors. The study used a 2 (confidence visualization: yes vs. no) × 3 (visual explanations: none, bounding boxes, bounding boxes and keypoints) mixed design. Task performance, human trust, preference for intelligent detectors, and eye-tracking behaviors were evaluated.

Results

Visual explanations using bounding boxes and keypoints improved detection task performance when confidence was not displayed. Meanwhile, visual explanations enhanced trust and preference for the intelligent detector, regardless of the explanation type. Confidence visualization did not influence human trust in and preference for the intelligent detector. Moreover, both visual information slowed saccade velocities.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated that visual explanations could improve performance, trust, and preference in human–automation interaction without confidence visualization partially by changing the search strategies. However, excessive information might cause adverse effects.

Application

These findings provide guidance for the design of transparent automation, emphasizing the importance of context-appropriate and user-centered explanations to foster effective human–machine collaboration.
Stock Market Integration Through Internationally Tradable Assets
Authors: Keshari Aditya , Gautam Amit
Published: March 2024

The study examines the influence of tradable assets in integrating the Indian stock market with global stock markets. The movement in the foreign indices has a direct spillover effect on the assets cross-listed on these exchanges in the form of American depository receipts and global depositary receipts, and the effect is simultaneously shifted to the domestic market index due to the dual listing of domestic assets. The findings of the study indicate that there is a prolonged effect of all markets combined on the Indian market during the period, and that the long-term effect between the Indian and US markets is also consistent in the long run, while the Wald test also supports the presence of a short-term effect between the Indian and US markets. Long-term and short-term causation patterns are lacking in the Luxembourg market, illustrating the partial integration of the financial markets. The present study is instrumental for investors in identifying exogenous markets for portfolio diversification, thus enabling businesses to have a global reach.

JEL Codes:J C32, C58, D53
Assessment of the Standardized Surveillance Case Definition for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, 4 Jurisdictions, 2020-2021
Authors: Czarnik Michaila , Oliver Darielle , Goodson Valerie , Nestoridi Eirini , Michael Bryan J. , Hinds Deborah , Clark Carolina , Green Caitlin , Small James , Pabst Laura
Published: March 2024

Objectives:

In 2019, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists ratified a multitiered standardized surveillance case definition (SSCD) for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) to minimize variability in definitions across states. This evaluation of the tier 1 NAS SSCD aimed to identify common challenges and opportunities for enhancement to support consistent implementation of the definition.

Methods:

This mixed-methods analysis consisted of 3 virtual focus groups in March 2021 with site principal investigators, medical record abstractors, and data analysts (1 focus group each) from 4 jurisdictions piloting the tier 1 NAS SSCD. We analyzed focus group transcripts to create a codebook. We collected written reports in February 2022 from the 4 jurisdictions, conducted thematic analysis of focus group transcripts and written reports to identify themes, and collected surveillance data on infants identified with NAS born from January 2020 through December 2021 from the pilot sites. We analyzed surveillance data to further inform identified themes. We examined agreement among tier 1 classifications assigned independently by each pilot site and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to cases of NAS.

Results:

Three major themes emerged in the data: challenges abstracting data on withdrawal signs from the medical record, difficulty determining the time frame of prenatal substance exposure, and challenges assigning case classifications. In a comparison of tier 1 classifications assigned by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the sites, 82.1% of cases in the dataset were concordant.

Conclusions:

We identified several opportunities to modify the SSCD to promote consistency and ease implementation across jurisdictions. Promoting consistent implementation supports comparability of NAS incidence estimates across jurisdictions, evaluation of prevention efforts, and allocation of resources to support families.
A systematic approach to learning and identifying personality tendencies of consumers for individualized fashion product development
Authors: Li Qing , Zhao Jian , Xue Zhebin , Zeng Xianyi
Published: March 2024

To comprehensively understand the levels of demand and the mechanism underlying preference cognition among fashion consumers, this study aims to investigate behavioral and psychological variations across diverse groups engaged in fashion activities through the lens of personality traits, and establish recognition criteria for personality traits within the realm of fashion. In the initial phase, the connection between fashion behavior and personality traits was investigated, leading to the introduction of the concept of fashion personality. Then, after multiple rounds of experimental evaluation, the primary categories and associated traits of fashion personality were determined. Using this framework, a personality assessment scale tailored for the fashion industry was developed. Following user experiments, the scale’s feasibility and effectiveness were validated. Finally, as an important application scenario of the fashion personality scale, this paper established a correlation between fashion personality and clothing aesthetic preferences through actual cases. It introduced a new approach of extracting consumers’ aesthetic requirements from their personalities, consequently steering personalized clothing design. This study delves into the underlying mechanism that drives fashion preferences on a personality level. It offers theoretical insights and methodological directions for consumer psychology research in the fashion domain, as well as for clothing interaction design and marketing strategies tailored to consumer needs.
Accommodating ‘generation rent’: Unsettling dominant discourses on rental housing reform in Catalonia and Spain
Authors: Vidal Lorenzo , Gil Javier , Martínez Miguel A
Published: March 2024

In contemporary urban areas, a growing ‘generation rent’ is finding shelter in expensive and precarious private rental housing. Tenant organisations and legislative initiatives have been pushing to improve housing conditions for renters, yet have been met with strong resistance. Intense policy and academic debates have ensued. This paper delves into the discourses used by dominant actors involved in legislative changes affecting the private rental sector in Catalonia and Spain. Through a critical discourse analysis of the positions of governments, opposition parties and landlord organisations, we identify three main arguments employed to limit or contest ‘post-neoliberal’ measures favouring tenants: ‘the vulnerable landlord’, ‘the counterproductive effects’ and ‘the violation of property rights’. Each of these arguments is placed under theoretical and empirical scrutiny, revealing important weaknesses. By unsettling dominant discourses, we contribute to advancing the terms of the debates and sketch out the coordinates for a counter-discourse informed by critical theory and the interests of renters rather than rentiers.
Commuting to the urban tech campus: Tech companies’ and their elite workers’ co-production of South Lake Union, Seattle
Authors: Broyer Estelle
Published: March 2024

This article demonstrates how tech professionals commuting to neighbourhoods redeveloped for their work are contributing to their transformation into urban tech campuses: gentrified districts where landscapes, understandings of place and temporalities are shaped by their praise of innovation, emotional detachment from place, and daily ebb and flow. While also resulting in displacement, othering, and the rewriting of histories and geographies, commuters’ contribution to tech-led gentrification contrasts with the emotional investment into place and the sense of permanence gentrifiers use in established residential neighbourhoods they perceive as authentic and progressively remake in their image. While concomitant, it also differs from residential new-build gentrification, as it reinforces not only middle-class norms but also the economic discourse of the high-tech industry, which co-produces these places as elite worker oases. Using South Lake Union, Seattle, WA as a case study, this article aims to contribute to a social understanding of tech-led gentrification: while recent research has focused on residential gentrifiers and on the macro political and economic forces that transform declining urban areas into so-called innovation districts, this qualitative study explores gentrification through the narratives and uses of public space of an urban tech campus’s dominant population – an elite, predominantly young, white, male commuter workforce several times larger than the local residential population.
Is hiding my first name enough? Using behavioural interventions to mitigate racial and gender discrimination in the rental housing market
Authors: Bao Helen XH
Published: March 2024

This study investigates whether behavioural interventions can reduce racial and gender discrimination in the rental housing market. In our correspondence tests, we incorporated two specific behavioural interventions: providing employment details to assist letting agents in overcoming statistical discrimination and incorporating anti-discrimination messages to encourage adherence to the ‘Equality, Diversity and Inclusion’ social norm. Although these strategies notably influenced the likelihood of prospective renters receiving responses to their housing inquiries, the outcomes were not consistent across genders or ethnic groups and were not always positive. Racial and gender discrimination in housing markets is a complex issue. There are no ‘one-size-fits-all’ solutions when using behavioural tools to address complex social problems such as racial and gender discrimination. Behavioural interventions demand rigorous field testing prior to widespread adoption.
‘They couldn’t really gauge where we were and what we were struggling with’: intern psychologists’ experiences of support within their placement during COVID-19
Authors: Uren SA , Lourens H
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental impacts on academic and professional training globally. There were demands to salvage the academic year, ensure maximum competencies under the circumstances and safeguard training psychologists. Given these demands, it is no surprise that training psychologists often experience burnout and threats to their mental well-being. We conducted seven semi-structured interviews with South African intern psychologists from the 2020 cohort about their internship experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts revealed two predominant themes regarding the influence of supportive and unsupportive experiences. First, while some interns reported receiving support from their psychotherapy supervisors, most highlighted the general disconnect from them during COVID-19-imposed lockdowns. The latter mostly led to a rupture in the supervisory alliance, leaving the participants feeling a sense of loss. Despite this disconnect, many interns nonetheless expressed empathy for their supervisors, who also had to navigate the unchartered territory of online psychotherapeutic and supervisory work. In stark contrast to this disconnect from their supervisors, the second theme illuminates the strong connection between interns. Reportedly, the hardship of COVID-19 strengthened the connection between the interns and provided them with a safe space where they could get emotional and practical support. The research reiterates the role of support and the importance of a broader conceptualisation of competency that goes beyond abilities and skills towards a more integrated professional identity.
When Filling the Research Gap Is Personal: Autoethnography and New Majority Students
Authors: Syeed Esa , Valenzuela Blanca
Published: March 2024

Given pandemic restrictions on learning and research, autoethnography has recently garnered renewed attention as a potential alternative. Drawing on our experiences as instructor and student, we make the case that autoethnography is not only relevant to pandemic-era teaching but could also offer an effective pedagogical tool to critically engage the lived experiences of an increasingly diverse student population in higher education that includes first-generation students and those of other minoritized backgrounds. We specifically outline the kinds of implications autoethnography can have on students at a personal level, in their understanding of research, and in terms of their overall well-being. Additionally, we discuss challenges with the method, provide examples of autoethnographic excerpts, and incorporate examples of learning exercises.
Program Evaluation’s Path to Greater Policy Relevance: Learning From Rossi’s Iron Laws
Authors: Besharov Douglas J.
Published: March 2024

In a 1987 article, Peter R. Rossi promulgated “The Iron Law of Evaluation and Other Metallic Rules.” The Metallic Laws were meant as an informal (and humorous) overstatement of the weakness of contemporary evaluations of social programs. Rossi’ s underlying worry was not so much about the state of evaluation technology in the abstract, but, rather, in its inability to advance our broad understanding of social problems and what to do about them---in other words, to make evaluation policy relevant. Rossi attributed the continuing failure to develop successful “large-scale social programs” to the failure to build a strong knowledge base for this kind of “social engineering.” The qualities of studies that enable such accumulated learning are variously labeled “external validity,” “generalizability,” “applicability,” or “transferability.” This Special Issue includes five papers that seek to explore and apply this understanding.
Traces of Kinship Care: Preliminary Findings From Nansen Passport Holders’ Documents in the League of Nations and Arolsen Archives
Authors: Tames Ismee
Published: March 2024

This article offers a new perspective on a body of literature that has been growing since the modern concept of “statelessness” became a pressing concern of diplomats and the displaced alike more than a century ago: it studies the “voices” of the stateless as captured in the archival documents of the organizations designed to deal with refugees through the lens of family and kinship care. This will help us to gain an understanding of how stateless refugees and the officials, administrators and humanitarians who assisted them navigated and negotiated the kinds of care requested, needed, withheld, or provided, and that have been captured in the documents coming out of these processes. By positioning care as relational and embedded within historical documents, this contribution offers glimpses of the physical remnants of the processes that took shape between the various actors. From these explorations, it follows that the distinction between anonymous care, as provided by humanitarian or state organizations, and personal care may not have been so clear-cut: sometimes helpers and those being helped turn out both to be Nansen passport holders. The focus on family and kin moreover allows to move beyond the institutional focus on individuals and to understand statelessness and displacement as an experience of families and communities instead.
Childhood maltreatment is longitudinally associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers through marital quality: Do health locus of control and eating habits matter?
Authors: Fitzgerald Michael , Papp Viktoria
Published: March 2024

Childhood maltreatment influences adult physical health through cascading effects over the life course and it is critical to identify intervening processes. Marital quality has significant implications for adult physical health via cognitive, emotional, and behavioral pathways and may be a viable pathway. Given that cardiometabolic biomarkers are associated with the leading causes of death in the United States, the current study longitudinally investigated marital quality, health locus of control, and eating habits in a serial mediation model linking childhood maltreatment to high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Using a sample of 352 adults from the study of Midlife Development in the United States, we used three waves of data to test our hypotheses. Results of structural equation models indicate that although all the hypothesized direct effects were statistically significant, the serial indirect effects were non-significant. Childhood maltreatment was associated with a lower quality marriage, marital quality was associated with higher levels of health locus of control which, in turn, was associated with healthier eating habits. Finally, healthier eating habits were associated with greater HDL, but not lower LDL. Additionally, marital quality exerted a direct effect on LDL and mediated the relationship between maltreatment and LDL, but not HDL. For researchers, marital quality appears to be a mechanism linking childhood maltreatment to cardiometabolic biomarkers, yet health locus of control and eating habits do not appear to have strong effects. For clinicians, strengthening the couple relationship among survivors of maltreatment appears to have health promotive effects over time.
Online processing and offline judgments of different types of presupposition triggers by second language speakers
Authors: Feng Shuo , Zhang Kailun
Published: March 2024

The present study aims to explore how second language (L2) speakers process four types of presupposition triggers in an online self-paced reading task and an offline acceptability judgment task. The four types of triggers are definite expressions with the, the factive verb know, the change-of-state verb stop and the additive particle also. Of particular interest is L2 speakers’ ability to accommodate a presupposition when it is neither falsified nor supported in the context. The results showed that the L2 speakers accommodated presuppositions in a native-like manner in the offline judgment task, and that accommodation was taxing and less automatic in online processing. Additionally, advanced L2 speakers’ interpretations were affected by the types of presupposition triggers. We discuss the results in connection to the Interface Hypothesis and hope to contribute to a more precise understanding of information integration in L2 processing, as well as L2 acquisition at the semantics–pragmatics interface.
Improving family grief outcomes: A scoping review of family-based interventions before and after the death of a child
Authors: Høeg Beverley Lim , Guldin Mai-Britt , Høgh Julie , Volkmann Johanne Esther , Wolfe Joanne , Larsen Hanne Bækgaard , Bidstrup Pernille Envold
Published: March 2024

Background:

Experiencing the illness and death of a child is a traumatic experience for the parents and the child’s siblings. However, knowledge regarding effective grief interventions targeting the whole family is limited, including how to integrate age-appropriate support for siblings.

Aim:

We aimed to synthesize the empirical literature regarding grief interventions that target the whole family before and/or after the death of a child.

Design:

A scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.

Data sources:

We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus covering January 1998–May 2022. We included studies describing any type of structured intervention targeting the whole family (i.e. parents and siblings) before or/and after the death of a child (below 18 years), with pre-post assessments of grief-related symptoms in the family as an outcome.

Results:

After removal of duplicates, we screened the titles and abstracts of 4078 publications and identified 30 publications for full-text screening. None of the studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies were excluded because they either did not target the whole family or did not target families who had lost a child below 18 years. Bereavement camps were a popular form of family intervention, but none were evaluated in a pre-post design. No grief interventions offering support pre-death were found.

Conclusions:

There is great need for research to improve bereavement outcomes for the entire family and to potentially integrate this in pediatric palliative care.
Pharmacological preclinical comparison of tenecteplase and alteplase for the treatment of acute stroke
Authors: Correa-Paz Clara , Pérez-Mato María , Bellemain-Sagnard Mathys , González-Domínguez Marco , Marie Pauline , Pérez-Gayol Lara , López-Arias Esteban , del Pozo-Filíu Lucia , López-Amoedo Sonia , Bugallo-Casal Ana , Alonso-Alonso María Luz , Candamo-Lourido María , Santamaría-Cadavid María , Arias-Rivas Susana , Rodríguez-Yañez Manuel , Iglesias-Rey Ramón , Castillo José , Vivien Denis , Rubio Marina , Campos Francisco
Published: March 2024

Alteplase (rtPA) remains the standard thrombolytic drug for acute ischemic stroke. However, new rtPA-derived molecules, such as tenecteplase (TNK), with prolonged half-lives following a single bolus administration, have been developed. Although TNK is currently under clinical evaluation, the limited preclinical data highlight the need for additional studies to elucidate its benefits. The toxicities of rtPA and TNK were evaluated in endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neuronal cells. In addition, their in vivo efficacy was independently assessed at two research centers using an ischemic thromboembolic mouse model. Both therapies were tested via early (20 and 30 min) and late administration (4 and 4.5 h) after stroke. rtPA, but not TNK, caused cell death only in neuronal cultures. Mice were less sensitive to thrombolytic therapies than humans, requiring doses 10-fold higher than the established clinical dose. A single bolus dose of 2.5 mg/kg TNK led to an infarct reduction similar to perfusion with 10 mg/kg of rtPA. Early administration of TNK decreased the hemorrhagic transformations compared to that by the early administration of rtPA; however, this result was not obtained following late administration. These two independent preclinical studies support the use of TNK as a promising reperfusion alternative to rtPA.
Distribution and appearance of myosin, dystrophin, and collagen IV in strabismus-affected extraocular muscle tissue compared with control tissue
Authors: Junga Anna , Babenko Tetyana , Fedirko Pavlo , Pilmane Mara
Published: March 2024

Objective

Extraocular muscles have complex development processes. The present study aimed to analyze the presence of myosin, dystrophin, and collagen IV in the strabismus-affected extraocular muscle.

Methods

This research was an observational case–control study. Myosin, dystrophin, and collagen IV were detected by histological and immunohistochemical analyses of extraocular muscle samples from concomitant strabismus patients and controls. A semi-quantitative grading method and statistical analysis were used.

Results

In the strabismus-affected extraocular muscle, morphological analysis demonstrated different-sized muscle fibers. Immature muscle fibers and an increased amount of connective tissue were also noted. Strong positive correlations were identified between myosin and collagen IV and between dystrophin and collagen IV.

Conclusions

The presence of newly formed muscle fibers, increased connective tissue, and variable diameters of skeletal striated muscle fibers indicate the decreased quality of extraocular muscles in strabismus cases. Reduced levels of myosin and dystrophin and a near absence of collagen IV in strabismus-affected skeletal striated muscle fibers characterized the muscular dystrophy of strabismus. Adjuvant therapy aimed at normalizing the metabolism of these muscles may be appropriate alongside concomitant strabismus treatment.
Central serous chorioretinopathy associated with nonspecific orbital inflammation: a case report
Authors: Sharifzadeh Kermani Mahdi , Farsi Maryam , Sharifi Ali , Sardarinia Mahsa , Zand Amin
Published: March 2024

We herein present a rare case of acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) associated with nonspecific orbital inflammation (NSOI). A 38-year-old woman presented with a 3-day history of ocular pain, reduced vision, periorbital swelling, proptosis, conjunctival chemosis, and restricted eye movements. Optical coherence tomography of the affected eye confirmed signs of CSC. Additionally, a computed tomography scan revealed enlargement of intraconal soft tissues and the lacrimal gland. Ocular ultrasonography detected posterior sclera thickening, indicating posterior scleritis. Following the diagnosis of NSOI, the patient received treatment with systemic corticosteroids, resulting in gradual regression of both the orbital inflammation and CSC. This is the first reported case of localized posterior pole CSC documented in a patient with NSOI. Vigilant monitoring for any ocular disorders is important in patients with orbital inflammation.
College music students during COVID-19: Examining the moderating effect of access to resources and stability of living on the relationship between perceived social support and mental health
Authors: McGoldrick Brian , Bradetich Aaron , Chesky Kris
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and general mental health in collegiate music students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, perception of access to academic resources and stability of living was analyzed as a moderator in the relationship between PSS and general mental health. Participants completed a survey that included the Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and questions adapted from the “access to necessary resources” and “stability of living” section of the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) COVID Survey. In the final sample, PSS explained a statistically significant amount of the variance in general mental health. Moderation analysis was conducted using PSS as the predictor variable, mental health as the criterion variable, and access to resources and stability of living as a composite variable as the moderator. The interaction between PSS and the composite variable was statistically significant. Access to resources and stability of living proved a positive moderator between PSS and general mental health. PSS positively predicted general mental health in collegiate music students during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, access to resources and stability of living (composite variable) were positive moderators, with a higher perception of both creating a stronger positive relationship between PSS and general mental health.
Legal geography I: Everyday law
Authors: Kymäläinen Päivi
Published: March 2024

This report on legal geography explores everyday law and how law is discussed as lived, performed and re-created in mundane life. Everyday law means a legal pluralism that also includes informal parts of law, such as customs, norms, and alternative legal systems. It also refers to the manifestations, performances, contestations, and constitution of the law in mundane places. Focusing on ordinariness opens paths for thinking the normalized and taken-for-granted aspects of the law. Everyday law is mostly experienced at micro-scale—related to our bodies, homes, and neighborhoods. This report concentrates on these, with the focus on subjectivity, relationality, and resistance.
Developing Representative Test Specimen Conditions for Rutting Mechanical Test Methods of Airfield Pavements
Authors: Elias Nicole G. , Hajj Elie Y. , Hand Adam J. T. , Zhou Fujie , Bennert Thomas , Decker Christopher , Patel Harsh
Published: March 2024

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is considering implementation of a balanced mix design (BMD) method for asphalt concrete (AC) of airfield pavements in a future specification update. One of the key elements toward implementing BMD, is setting adequate conditions for laboratory mechanical testing that best simulate actual field conditions. In this study, representative air void (AV) levels were identified for laboratory mechanical testing by analyzing quality control (QC) data of plant-mixed laboratory-compacted (PMLC) samples along with in-place density measurements for multiple existing airfield pavements. The laboratory compaction effort in the Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC) required to reach the recommended AV levels was evaluated for different specimen heights. The specimen height and AV level were then experimentally verified with the Ideal Rutting test (ASTM D8360-22) for these airfield mixtures. Based on analysis of field density, laboratory compaction effort, and mechanical test data, it was recommended to test 62 mm thick gyratory specimens at 7 ± 0.5% AV (directly molded) or at 5 ± 0.5% AV (after cutting), which should help capture the different aspects of the asphalt mixture’s resistance to rutting with reference to aggregate skeleton and binder properties.
Effect of Matrix Size and Acquisition Mode on Image Quality and Radiation Dose of Ultra-High-Resolution CT of the Temporal Bone: An Anatomical Study
Authors: Puel Ulysse , Eliezer Michael , Boubaker Fatma , Villani Nicolas , Assabah Bouchra , Hossu Gabriela , Gondim Teixeira Pedro Augusto , Blum Alain , Parietti-Winkler Cécile , Gillet Romain
Published: March 2024

Purpose: To compare image quality and radiation exposure between super- and ultra-high-resolution helical and super-high-resolution volumetric CT of the temporal bone. Methods: Six cadaveric temporal bone specimens were used to evaluate key temporal bone structures using the following CT reconstruction and acquisition modes: helical and single-volume acquisition modes in super-high resolution (0.25-mm slice thickness, 10242 matrix), and helical mode in ultra-high resolution (0.25-mm slice thickness, 20482 matrix). Two observers performed 5 previously described preoperative measurements, measured noise and signal-to-noise ratios for air, and noise for bone, and rated the visualization of 5 anatomical structures on a 4-point scale, for each reconstruction mode. Radiation dose exposure was recorded for each examination. Results: There was no significant difference between any of the quantitative or qualitative measurements in any of the reconstruction and acquisition modes. There was a slight increase in noise and a decrease in signal-to-noise ratio in the air using the single-volume mode (115 ± 13.1 HU and 8.37 ± 0.91, respectively) compared to the helicoidal super-high-resolution (92.4 ± 11.8 HU and 10.8 ± 1.26, respectively) and helicoidal ultra-high-resolution (91.1 ± 10.7 HU and 10.9 ± 1.39, respectively) modes ( P < .002). The volumic CT dose index was 50.9 mGy with helical acquisition and 29.8 mGy with single-volume acquisition mode ( P < .0001). Conclusion: The single-volume super-high-resolution acquisition mode allows a reduction in radiation dose exposure without compromising image quality compared to helical scanning, but with a slightly lower signal-to-noise ratio in air with the single-volume mode, while there was no difference in image quality between the helical super- and ultra-high-resolution modes.
The Role of Affective Commitment in Rewards Management: An Example From a Collectivist Country
Authors: Zantua Rae Mark S. , Teng-Calleja Mendiola , Caringal-Go Jaimee Felice
Published: March 2024

This study examined how affective commitment influences the relationships among rewards management, organization justice, and turnover intent in a collectivist country. Data were gathered from 154 Filipino employees through an online survey. Moderated mediation using Haye’s PROCESS model was used for analysis. Results revealed that rewards management significantly predicts organization justice. Turnover intent was also directly predicted by rewards management and its relationship with rewards management was partially mediated by organization justice. Affective commitment significantly moderates the relationship between organization justice, rewards management, and turnover intent. Findings of this research contribute to both knowledge and organization practice by illustrating how turnover intent is reduced through effective and equitable management of rewards especially among employees with low levels of affective commitment to work organizations in a collectivist society.
A Practical Significance Bias in Laypeople’s Evaluation of Scientific Findings
Authors: Michal Audrey L. , Shah Priti
Published: March 2024

People often rely on scientific findings to help them make decisions—however, failing to report effect magnitudes might lead to a potential bias in assuming findings are practically significant. Across two online studies (Prolific; N = 800), we measured U.S. adults’ endorsements of expensive interventions described in media reports that led to effects that were small, large, or of unreported magnitude between groups. Participants who viewed interventions with unreported effect magnitudes were more likely to endorse interventions compared with those who viewed interventions with small effects and were just as likely to endorse interventions as those who viewed interventions with large effects, suggesting a practical significance bias. When effect magnitudes were reported, participants on average adjusted their evaluations accordingly. However, some individuals, such as those with low numeracy skills, were more likely than others to act on small effects, even when explicitly prompted to first consider the meaningfulness of the effect.
Harnessing Machine Learning for Predicting Cryptocurrency Returns
Authors: Rajendran Hiridik , Kayal Parthajit , Maiti Moinak
Published: March 2024

The study investigates the predictability of both the individual and basket of 10 major cryptocurrencies’ daily price changes between 2017 and 2023 by employing various machine learning classification algorithms such as random forests, k-nearest neighbour, decision trees, logistic regression, and Bernoulli naïve Bayes. These models utilize 15 different features based on historical price data and technical indicators as input features. The study estimates find logistic regression as superior over other models under consideration in predicting cryptocurrency daily returns. Overall, the study finds that on an average machine learning classification algorithms predictive accuracies have surpassed 50% when applied to daily frequencies on the basket of 10 major cryptocurrencies.
Psychosocial Status and Self-Perception in Patients with Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Salinero Lauren K , Romeo Dominic J. , Pontell Matthew E , Friedman Leigh , Ahluwalia Vinayak S , Wagner Connor S , Barrero Carlos E , Napoli Joseph , Jackson Oksana A , Low David W. , Bartlett Scott P , Swanson Jordan , Magee Leanne , Taylor Jesse A
Published: March 2024

Objective

To describe how the psychosocial status of patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) relates to patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

Design

Cross-sectional retrospective chart review.

Setting

Tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Patients/Participants

Patients aged 8 to 29 years attending cleft team evaluations during a 1-year period.

Main Outcome Measures

CLEFT-Q.

Results

Patients (N = 158) with isolated or syndromic CL/P and mean age 13.4 ± 3.0 years were included. Fifteen (9%) patients had siblings who also had CL/P. Of 104 patients who met with the team psychologist, psychosocial concerns were identified in 49 (47%) patients, including 25 (24%) with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or behavior concerns, 28 (27%) with anxiety, and 14 (13%) with depression or mood concerns. Younger age and having siblings with cleft were associated with better PROs, while psychosocial concerns were associated with worse PROs on Speech, Psychosocial, and Face Appearance scales.

Conclusions

Patient perception of cleft outcomes is linked to psychosocial factors.
Can Alveolar Bone Grafting Using Posterior Iliac Crest be a Day Surgery Procedure?
Authors: Varidel Alistair , Ambrose Maria , DiTullio Nancy , Fritschy Taylor , Padwa Bonnie L. , Resnick Cory M.
Published: March 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine if patients undergoing alveolar bone grafting (ABG) can be discharged home on the day of surgery safely and with high satisfaction.

Design

This is a prospective cohort study of patients who underwent ABG over a 6-month period (August 2022 to February 2023). Medical records were reviewed, and postoperative surveys were provided to assess patient/family experience.

Setting

Tertiary care free-standing pediatric hospital.

Patients and Participants

Participants who had ABG using iliac marrow from the posterior iliac crest.

Interventions

Subjects were assigned to overnight admission (ON) or day surgery (DS) based on hospital bed capacity.

Main Outcome Measures

Main outcome measures were postoperative medical events and satisfaction with discharge timing.

Results

41 participants were included: ON, n = 20 (48.8%); DS, n = 21 (51.2%), and there were no differences between groups in any predictor variable. There were no postoperative medical events. Overall, families reported comfort managing pain, nausea, bleeding, hydration, and nutrition after discharge. Most (83.3% of the DS group and 69.2% of the ON group, P = .644) reported satisfaction with the discharge timing they received, despite this being driven by hospital rather than patient factors. Reasons for some families preferring longer admission included fluid management (n = 2), anxiety about postoperative swelling (n = 2), and a long drive home (n = 1). For the ON group, 16.7% would have preferred same-day discharge.

Conclusions

Same day discharge is safe and well-received in appropriately selected patients who undergo ABG using posterior iliac crest. Perioperative patient/family education is essential.
Differences in Baseline Physical Function and Mental Health PROM Scores in Patients With Foot and Ankle Conditions
Authors: Smith Jeremy T. , Parker Emily B. , Bluman Eric M. , Martin Elizabeth A. , Chiodo Christopher P.
Published: March 2024

Background:

This study sought to establish normative values for baseline physical and mental health by foot and ankle diagnosis using validated PROMIS scores and to compare the correlation between these 2 outcomes across common diagnoses. Additionally, it investigated the effects associated with chronic vs acute conditions and specific diagnoses on mental health.

Methods:

We reviewed baseline PROMIS Physical Function 10a (PF10a) and PROMIS Global-Mental (PGM) scores of 14,245 patients with one of the 10 most common foot and ankle diagnoses seen at our institution between 2016 and 2021. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relationship between PF10a and PGM by diagnosis. A multivariable regression model including age, sex, language, race, ethnicity, education level, income, and Charlson Comorbidity Index was used to determine the associated effect of diagnosis on PGM score.

Results:

On unadjusted analysis, patients diagnosed with an ankle fracture had the lowest mean physical function, whereas patients with hallux valgus had the highest (PF10a = 33.9 vs 46.7, P < .001). Patients with foot/ankle osteoarthritis had the lowest mean self-reported mental health, whereas patients with hallux rigidus had the highest (PGM = 49.9 vs 53.4, P < .001). PF10a and PGM scores were significantly positively correlated for all diagnoses; the correlation was strongest in patients diagnosed with foot/ankle osteoarthritis or hammertoes ( r = 0.511) and weakest in patients with ankle fractures ( r = 0.232) or sprains ( r = 0.280). Chronic conditions, including hammertoes (β = −5.1, 95% CI [−5.8, −4.3], P < .001), foot/ankle osteoarthritis (β = −5.0, 95% CI [−5.7, −4.3], P < .001), and hallux valgus (β = −4.8, 95% CI [−5.5, −4.1], P < .001) were associated with the largest negative effects on patients’ mental health.

Conclusion:

Self-reported physical function and mental health varied across common foot and ankle diagnoses and were more tightly correlated in chronic conditions. The associations between diagnosis and mental health scores appear larger for more chronic diagnoses, including those that are generally associated with relatively unimpaired physical function.
Research on damage identification of jacket structure under wind and wave loads based on variational mode decomposition and chirplet transform
Authors: Yuan Ping-Ping , Zhao Zhou-Jie , Cheng Xue-Li , Ren Wei-Xin
Published: March 2024

To conduct damage localization and damage quantification of jacket structure, a new damage identification approach based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and chirplet transform (CT) is firstly introduced. Three kinds of environmental loads, namely, regular wave load, irregular wave load, and wind load, are set on the jacket structure to simulate the real environment of the jacket as much as possible. The acceleration response signals of each node of the damaged bar are extracted and analyzed by VMD and CT. The proposed method is used to analyze the time-frequency energy changes before and after damage for damage localization. Then, the time-frequency entropy of the damage location is further calculated for damage quantification. The feasibility of the introduced method is verified by setting different operating conditions, and the results show that the proposed method can locate and quantify the damage of the jacket under different environmental loads.
Early Childhood Income Instability and Mental Health in Adolescence: Parenting Stress and Child Maltreatment as Mediators
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Liu Yuerong , Jonson-Reid Melissa
Published: March 2024

Ample research has examined how point-in-time or static measures of economic deprivation are associated with children’s mental health outcomes. Less is known about the relationship between early childhood unstable income and mental health outcomes. Using the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, this study examined (1) the latent patterns of early childhood economic well-being, predicted by income level and instability (i.e., direction and frequency of income change); (2) the association of income deprivation patterns with subsequent anxiety and depression symptoms, paying particular attention to the mediating roles of parenting stress and child maltreatment risk. The latent class analysis results suggested four distinct groups representing different combinations of income level and instability. Structural equation modeling results indicated indirect links between income deprivation patterns and mental health outcomes, through parenting stress and physical and psychological abuse. Findings indicated the importance of policies and programs promoting economic stability over the long run.