bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Which Influence the Assay of the Antilactobacillus Agent in Saliva
Authors: Bartels Henry A. , Blechman Harry , Hammer Herbert
Published: November 2010

Demonstration of the antilactobacillus agent is dependent on the amount present in saliva specimens. The medium employed in performing the tests, Rogosa's medium, gave the best reproducible results. Variation in sensitivity of lactobacillus species and the occurrence of resistant mutants were determined.
Collagen Restoration in Healing Human Gingiva
Authors: Stanton Gilbert , Levy Milton , Stahl S. Sigmund
Published: November 2010

Wound healing in human gingiva was stud. ied on 15 gingivectomy and 85 second biopsy sections taken at 6, 7, 14, 21, or 28 days after gingivectomy. Hydroxyproline concentration did not indicate completion of healing by 28 days. Projected time for completion of connective tissue repair was 49 days.
Numerical Experiments with a Linear Force-Displacement Tooth Model
Authors: Huang Han K. , Ledley Robert S.
Published: November 2010

Numerical experiments were performed with a linear model, using various kinds of applied forces acting on the upper central incisor. The compression and shear coefficients were discussed. Such studies can contribute to a more thorough understanding of the effect of normal, pathologic, and corrective applied forces.
Method for the Correlation of Chemical and Histologic Composition
Authors: Stanton Gilbert , Levy Milton
Published: November 2010

Two micro-modifications are described for determination of hydroxyproline. These methods were used on ribbons of 5-μ m histologic sections. Adjacent sections were projected and traced, and tracings were cut and weighed to determine the area of connective tissue. Quantitative chemical concentrations of collagen in histologic sections were determined.
Bacterial Populations of Selected Tooth Surface Sites
Authors: Handelman Stanley L. , Hess Charles
Published: November 2010

The bacteriologic profile of selected tooth surface sites was determined by using culture procedures. Although there were differences in the percentage distribution of bacteria on the tooth surface of the lower anterior, upper premolar, and molar samples, the profile was essentially the same for all sites. The total anaerobic cultivable count also was similar.
Comparison of the Exhaustion of the Oxidative Processes of Rat and Rabbit Incisor Pulp In Vitro
Authors: Kozam George
Published: November 2010

Standard Warburg manometric technics have been used to make extended determinations of the oxygen uptake of rat and rabbit incisor pulp. Rat dental pulp showed signs of exhaustion after six hours, and rabbit dental pulp maintained a steady rate of oxygen uptake for ten hours.
Histochemical Characterization of the Muscles of Mastication
Authors: Baker Gerald Ian , Laskin Daniel M.
Published: November 2010

The muscles of mastication of the rabbit, cat, dog, and monkey were characterized as mixed red and white muscle types on the basis of succinic dehydrogenase and phosphorylase content. The chacterization was related to the known function of the masticatory apparatus peculiar to each animal.
Transduction of Hydrostatic Pressure to Electric Potential in Human Dentin
Authors: Mumford J.M. , Newton A.V.
Published: November 2010

Hydrostatic pressures were applied to human teeth to investigate the development across the dentin of electric potentials which might be involved in excitation of sensory receptors. Electric potentials were measured, and an attempt was made to explain the phenomenon on the basis of the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation.
Patterns of Root and Alveolar-Bone Growth Associated with Development and Eruption of Teeth in Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Kenney Ernest B. , Ramfjord Sigurd P.
Published: November 2010

Tritiated proline was used to follow the patterns of root growth and alveolar-bone production associated with tooth eruption in rhesus monkeys. Alveolar-bone deposition was seen around the apical regions of both erupting and functioning teeth, which indicated that the apical region was not spatially stable.
Demineralization of Enamel in Cooked Food-Saliva Mixtures
Authors: Liatukas Elena L.
Published: November 2010

Decalcificatian of enamel was tested on extracted human teeth in cooked food-saliva mixtures. Titratable acidity was recorded, and serial sections were studied. Findings revealed that the degree of decalcification did not always correlate with acid formation. The presence of organic phosphates may be responsible for the extent of decalcification.
Microradiographic-Topographic Study of Growth Rates in Mandibles and Maxillas of the Guinea Pig
Authors: Soni Narendar N.
Published: November 2010

Tracings of microradiographic projections, measured planimetrically, revealed statistically significant differences in the values for bone formation in different regions, as well as in comparable areas, of mandibles and maxillas of guinea pigs. An inverse relationship was found between static and forming bone.
Evidence of Thyrocalcitonin in Guinea Pig and Its Effects on Maternal-Fetal Calcium Relationships
Authors: Crawford E.G. , Greeson C.D. , Chandler D.C. , Bawden J.W.
Published: November 2010

An extract of guinea pig thyroid gland produced a mild hypocalcemia indicative of the presence of thyrocalcitonin when administered intravenously to nongravid guinea pigs. Extract-induced hypocalcemia in gravid guinea pigs resulted in a rise in fetal plasma calcium values at the end of four hours.
Metal Surface Changes during Porcelain Firing
Authors: Von Radnoth M. Szantho , Lautenschlager E.P.
Published: November 2010

The gold-alloy surface of a dental gold-porcelain system was studied by optical and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and spectroscopy before and after firing of porcelain. Changes in surface structure along with the appearance of tin oxide, believed to influence interfacial bonding strongly, were detected after firing.
Biochemical and Antigenic Studies of Lactobacilli Isolated from Deep Dentinal Caries: I. Biochemical Aspects
Authors: Shovlin Francis E. , Gillis Robert E.
Published: November 2010

Lactobacilli were isolated from 24 of 25 teeth with dentinal caries, using a nonselective medium. Biochemical studies indicated that all organisms were homofermenters, which reduced the pH below 4.5, grew at 15C (optimally between 30-37C), and produced predominantly the L(+) form of lactic acid. Eighteen organisms had identical carbohydrate utilization patterns.
Clinical and Laboratory Differentiation of Recurrent Intraoral Herpes Simplex Virus Infections Following Fever
Authors: Greenberg Martin S. , Brightman Vernon J. , Ship Irwin I.
Published: November 2010

Recurrent herpes simplex infections occurred over three times as frequently in a group of febrile patients as in a group of nonfebrile controls. Virus was isolated from patients without lesions, patients with lip lesions only, and patients with lip and intraoral lesions. Characteristic clinical features of the intraoral lesions found in association with herpes simplex virus (HSV) were identified.
Gram-Staining Mechanism of Superficial Oral Epithelial Cells
Authors: Hoffman Heiner , Simon Jay C.
Published: November 2010

On the basis of cytochemical tests, the gram-staining reaction of superficial human oral epithelial cells, principally perinuclear in distribution, was found to be caused by certain undetermined moieties of cytoplasmic amino acids rather than by nucleic acids, a possibility suggested by its intracellular distribution.
Tooth-Eruption Ages in Suckling Dogs as Affected by Local Heating
Authors: Kremenak Charles R. , Russell Larry S. , Christensen Ross D.
Published: November 2010

Heat pads at 43.3C were applied externally to the right side of faces of suckling dogs six to eight hours daily from the 11th through the 30th postnatal day. Eruption (appearance through oral epithelium) ages for teeth of 12 heated pups were compared with those for 21 littermate controls. Earlier eruption (p<0.05) was seen in heated pups for five of the 28 deciduous tooth classes.
Apparent Digital Vasomotor Hypotonicity in the Remission Stage of Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
Authors: Giddon Donald B. , Clark R. Ernest , Varni John G.
Published: November 2010

Longitudinal studies were performed on patients with recurrent attacks of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) during remission. Their psychophysiologic responses to standardized stress procedures (cold-pressor stimulation, breath holding, and immersion of the fifth digit in ice water) were tabulated. The data suggested that a peripheral vasomotor defect in ANUG may be reflected in elevated digital temperatures and general hypotonicity of the digital vasomotor system.
Effect of Combinations of Temperature and Light on Skeletal Development and the Growth Rate of Incisors in Rats
Authors: Nakamoto Tetsuo , Wilson Russell H.
Published: November 2010

The relative importance of light and temperature as factors in growth has not previously been clearly delineated. Using experimental environments combining light and darkness with heat and cold, light was found to exert stronger influence than temperature on skeletal development and incisor growth in young rats.
Influence of Corticosterone on the Integrity of Salivary Glands and the Incidence of Dental Caries in the Rat
Authors: Liu Frank T.Y. , Lin Hsien S.
Published: November 2010

Intact weanling rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of 1.0 mg, 2.0 mg, or 3.0 mg of corticosterone or 0.5 mg of hydrocortisone acetate for 11 weeks. All hormone treatments resulted in a significant decrease in weight and tubular diameter of the submandibular gland. A significant increase in caries incidence was observed in all the hormone-treated rats, except those receiving 1.0 mg of corticosterone. Although corticosterone caused a decrease in thyroid gland weight, the protein-bound iodine (PBI) levels of the treated rats were normal. This indicated that corticosterone-induced increase in caries incidence and interference with the salivary gland integrity were not due to the decreased thyroid function.
Dynamic Creep of Dental Amalgam
Authors: Mahler David B. , Van Eysden Jan
Published: November 2010

The dynamic creep of amalgam was investigated in view of its possible relationship to the clinically observed extrusion of amalgam restorations. It was found that different alloys vary widely in their dynamic-creep characteristics; that higher mercury content demonstrates increased dynamic creep, and that static creep correlates well to dynamic creep.
The Retardation of Enamel Dissolution Rates by Adsorbed Long-Chain Ammonium Chlorides
Authors: Roseman T.J. , Higuchi W.I. , Hodes B. , Hefferren J.J.
Published: November 2010

Dissolution rate studies were conducted with hydroxyapatite and enamel in the presence of adsorbed surfactants. In general, the ability of the surfactant to retard the dissolution rate was directly related to its ability to adsorb onto apatite. Cetylpyridinium chloride adsorbed poorly onto apatite, and its influence on the dissolution rate was marginal. The long-chain protonated amines were much more effective as rate retarding agents, sometimes of the order of 1,000-, to 10,000-fold. These compounds were also found to adsorb much more strongly. A systematic dependence of the dissolution rate on chain length was found for these amines.
Physical Properties of Four Thermosetting Dental Restorative Resins
Authors: Lee Henry L. , Swartz Michael L. , Smith F.F.
Published: November 2010

Four aromatic, thermosetting, composite dental restorative materials were evaluated for their mechanical and physical properties. The properties of two materials approached those of dentin and dental amalgams. One of the materials tested appeared to have the necessary requirements for use as both an anterior and posterior restorative material.
Properties of n-Butyl-α-Cyanoacrylate Mixtures
Authors: Civjan Simon , Margetis Peter M. , Reddick Robert L.
Published: November 2010

Properties of filled n-butyl-α-cyanoacrylates were studied as a function of filler-monomer ratio, time, and curing conditions. Matrix characteristics were determined on amine initiated bulk polymer. Calcium carbonate and mixtures of zinc oxide and zinc phosphate formed reinforced materials with low solubility and disintegration.
Some Quantum Aspects of the Protein Intermolecular Interfaces in Connective Tissue
Authors: Hoerman Kirk C. , Balekjian Aram Y. , Boyne Philip J.
Published: November 2010

Ultraviolet light-induced phosphorescence of collagen and globular protein in connective tissue was analyzed by spectral and kinetic studies. Computer resolution of the lifetimes of phosphorescent excited states of each protein, and their contribution to total luminous flux at zero time, constituted a means of si multaneous assessment of protein changes in cartilage, because of age, and because of regrowth of transplanted bone.
Absorption Through Oral Mucous Membranes
Authors: Lalonde Ernest R.
Published: November 2010

Dimethyl sulfoxide was used with dimethylbenzanthracene to dissolve carcinogens through the hamster cheek pouch. This technic may be extended to include absorption of radioactive substances through biological membranes.
Autoimmunity and Breach of the Blood-Epithelial Barrier
Authors: Lehner Thomas
Published: November 2010

Humoral antibodies were correlated to oral mucosa by various histological and microscopic technics. The results were applied, by immunofluorescent studies, to the theory of autoimmunity in oral lesions, specifically aphthous ulcers. Delayed hypersensitivity in cellular reactions was also suggested.
Studies on the Origin of Mononuclear Cells in Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction of Oral Mucosa
Authors: Williamson J.J. , Dolby A.E. , Adams D.
Published: November 2010

Delayed hypersensitivity reactions in guinea pig mucosa were studied by use of tritiated thymidine. No selective accumulation of labeled cells from regional nodes was found in the reaction sites, and no difference was found between test and control animals in the activity of the regional nodes. Cell proliferation in the mucosal reaction began early and the proportion of cells dividing increased with time.
Correlation Between Gingivitis and Orogranulocytic Migratory Rate
Authors: Skougaard M.R. , Bay I. , Klinkhamer J.M.
Published: November 2010

The gingival index (GI) and the Orogranulocytic Migratory Rate (OMR) were determined for 86 subjects. The statistical analyses revealed a highly significant correlation between the two parameters. An analysis of regression demonstrated that the correlation of GI and OMR changed with low to high values of GI, probably because GI is not a true parametric index.
Inductive Changes in Early Tooth Development: I. A Study of Mouse Tooth Development on the Chick Chorioallantois
Authors: Miller William A.
Published: November 2010

The developing jaws of embryonic mice, 9-12 days postconception, were dissected out, and the presumptive tooth-bearing areas were separated into the mesodermal and ectodermal portions. Recombinations were grown on the chick chorioallantois. It appeared that the morphogenic fields are determined by day 10 for molars and by day 10.5 for incisors. The ectodermal component determined tooth type from day 10.
Phylogeny and Comparative Anatomy of Oral Ectodermal-Ectomesenchymal Inductive Interactions
Authors: Moss Melvin L.
Published: November 2010

Odontogenesis is the earliest expression of ectodermal-ectomesenchymal inductive interaction in the vertebrate fossil record. Other vertebrate integumental skeletal structures are later expressions of homologous interactions, which differ in details but use similar developmental processes. These interactions are specific examples of a more generalized interrelationship between epithelium and mesoderm, which may have phylogenetically preceded the origin of odontogenesis.
The Time-Structure Relationship of Tooth Development in Human Embryogenesis
Authors: Tonge C.H.
Published: November 2010

The sequence of appearance of the cytological and morphological features of oral and tooth differentiation was assessed, relative to general embryological processes, in human embryonic material. The phases considered were as follows: potentiality (0-22 days); interaction (23-32 days); and specificity of individual structural formation (32-48 days).
Thymidine- 3H Study of Developing Tooth Germs and Osteogenic Tissue
Authors: Scott Bronnetta L.
Published: November 2010

Correlated morphological and thymidine-3H autoradiographic observations on dentinogenesis in lower incisor roots and osteogenesis in the associated alveolar bone of young rats were made with the electron microscope. The results support the concept that proliferating osteogenic and dentinogenic cells may undergo two alternative types of cytodifferentiation: fibrogenic and resorptive.
Histologic and Ultrastructural Features of Remineralized Carious Enamel
Authors: Silverstone L.M. , Poole D.F.G.
Published: November 2010

These experiments indicate that the histologic features of carious enamel may alter after exposure to either saliva or calcifying solutions, even if only the surface of the tooth is exposed. Electron microscopy confirms an appreciable reduction in porosity of remineralized enamel but provides no evidence for the presence of amorphous precipitates. New, apparently crystalline forms are present at the peripheries of prisms, with which the reduction in porosity may be associated.
Enzyme Activity at Hydroxyapatite Surfaces
Authors: Ericson Thorild
Published: November 2010

The effect of hydroxyapatite on the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase was studied in a simple in vitro system. Alkaline phosphatase had a reduced activity in the absorbed state, and the pH-optimum for the adsorbed enzyme had decreased with one-half pH unit. The acid phosphatase was not influenced by the apatite in the presence of substrate. When no substrate stabilized the enzyme, a reduction was observed. This reduction was larger at pH values close to the pH-optimum for the enzyme.
Biochemical Studies on the Formation and Composition of Dental Plaque in Relation to Dental Caries: Extracellular Polysaccharides
Authors: Leach S.A. , Green R.M. , Hayes M.L. , Dada O.A.
Published: November 2010

Similar polysaccharides were extracted by dilute alkali from the matrix of the dental plaque of rats fed diets containing different sugars. The fructose components of the extracellular polysaccharides produced from sucrose by either of two streptococci or by the mixed oral flora were labile in the presence of oral bacteria.
The Interaction of Salivary Proteins with Tooth Surface
Authors: Pruitt Kenneth M. , Caldwell Robert C. , Jamieson Andrew D. , Taylor Robert E.
Published: November 2010

Studies of the adsorption of human salivary proteins, in general, and the enzymes amylase, lysozyme, and neuraminidase, in particular, reveal that these proteins differ in their affinities for the surface of enamel. The enzymes studied retained their enzyme activity in the adsorbed state. Only amylase was desorbed by water; lysozyme was desorbed by its substrate; and all three enzymes, as well as most other adsorbed proteins, were desorbed by phosphate.
Biological Changes at the Tooth-Saliva Interface in Periodontal Disease
Authors: Selvig Knut A.
Published: November 2010

Microradiographic and electron microscopic studies showed that cementum exposed to the oral environment can calcify beyond the normal level. Evidence of exchange of mineral and organic components across the tooth-saliva interface became morphologically detectable within a few weeks after thorough planing of cementum and root dentin.
A Comparison of the Antimicrobial Activity of Disclosing Agents
Authors: Caldwell R.C. , Hunt D.E.
Published: November 2010

A comparative study revealed that erythrosin (1.0% and 0.5%) inhibited a variety of microorganisms representative of the oral microflora in contrast to fast green (5.0% and 2.5%), which was essentially devoid of antimicrobial activity. These observations suggest that fast green may be preferable to erythrosin as a disclosing agent for quantitative studies of dental plaque.
Acids Produced by Oral Streptococci on Cereal Substrates
Authors: Steinkraus K.H. , Bibby B.G. , Gilmour Marion N.
Published: November 2010

Fermentation of several common cereal flours with six strains of oral streptococci showed that the quantities of titratable and volatile acids, and their proportions, varied according to the cereal and bacterial strain.
Age Dependent Changes of Certain Peptide Hydrolases and Dehydrogenases in Bovine Dental Pulp
Authors: Schwabe Christian
Published: November 2010

The concentrations of certain peptide hydrolases and enzymes of the aerobic and anaerobic catabolic cycles in the fibroblasts of bovine dental pulp have been examined as a function of the developmental stage of the tissue. It was shown that the enzyme content does not change uniformly during the aging process. Anaerobic catabolic pathways remained unchanged or increased with cell maturity whereas the citric acid cycle activity decreased. Peptide hydrolases remained essentially constant.
The Pathogenicity of Rothia dentocariosa Inoculated into Mice
Authors: Roth Genevieve D. , Flanagan Viola
Published: November 2010

A total of 32 mice received 0.3 ml injections of light suspensions of Rothia dentocariosa in the right thigh. Ten mice served as controls. Histologic studies demonstrated abscess formation at all experimental sites with healing at day 35. Bacteriologic samples taken up to day 13 provided live cultures.
Differential Analysis of Cleft Palate Anomalies
Authors: Blaine Helen L.
Published: November 2010

Lateral cephalometric radiograms of 443 children with cleft palate or cleft lip and palate and of 109 children with normal palates and lips were statistically analyzed by use of indexes and angular measurements. Both cleft palate groups that were operated on and were not operated on, and cleft lip and cleft palate groups that were operated on and were not operated on, showed a tendency for smaller proportional measurements in several vertical and horizontal parameters, and an obtuseness of cranial angles related to the sella-basion line.
Condylar Growth in Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Kanouse Marvin C. , Ramfjord Sigurd P. , Nasjleti Carlos E.
Published: November 2010

Growth of the mandibular condyle was studied in four rhesus monkeys of different ages. Indexes of 3H-thymidine labeling indicated high premitotic activity, which decreased with age, in the interniediate zone of cartilage and the zone of erosion and bone formation. Premitotic uptake in the articular zone was independent of age.
Effect of Alcohol and Cigarette Smoke as Promoting Agents in Hamster Pouch Carcinogenesis
Authors: Elzay Richard P.
Published: November 2010

In a series of young Syrian hamsters, pouch carcinogenesis initiated by application of 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) to cheek epithelium was augmented by subsequent application of alcohol or applied whole cigarette smoke or both. These findings support previous reports that smoke and alcohol act individually as promoting agents in experimental oral carcinogenesis. Neither locally applied alcohol nor applied whole cigarette smoke acted as co-carcinogens or carcinogens on hamster pouch epithelium. Under conditions of this study, whole cigarette smoke appeared to be a more potent promoting agent than locally applied alcohol, as evaluated clinically and histologically.
Microprobe Analyses of Gold-Porcelain Bonding
Authors: Lautenschlager E.P. , Greener E.H. , Elkington W.E.
Published: November 2010

An electron microprobe analyzer was used in area and line-scanning modes at the interfaces of several types of gold-porcelain crown systems. High concentrations of trace elements diffusing to the boundaries were clearly revealed. These trace elements are, therefore, believed to play an important role in the system bonding.
Scanning Electron Microscope Studies of EDTA-Treated Enamel
Authors: Hoffman Seymour , McEwan William S. , Drew Charles M.
Published: November 2010

Enamel samples that were treated with EDTA for 2, 4, 7, and 24 hours respectively, were examined by a scanning electron microsope and were compared to the appearance of sound, untreated enamel. The following features were noted: a preferential decalcification pattern of EDTA on enamel prisms, characteristics of a superficial region of enamel suggestive of the "prismless" zone, differences in prisms from the striae of Retzius when compared with those in intervening areas, and enamel surface characteristics suggestive of a "coating" or cuticle resembling enamel matrix.
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid-Immunofluorescent Studies
Authors: Brody Harvey A. , Wuepper Kirk D.
Published: November 2010

Mucous membrane pemphigoid differs from pemphigus vulgaris or bullous pemphigoid in clinical course, response to steroid therapy, and absence of characteristic antibodies. In this studiy of five elderly patients, it was not possible to demonstrate antibodies to oral epithelium by direct or indirect immunofluorescent studies.
Cephalometric Study of Craniofacial Development in Rabbits with Impaired Masticatory Function
Authors: McFee Conrad E. , Kronman Joseph H.
Published: November 2010

This study established that the craniofacial complex of rabbits grew primarily in an anteroposterior direction after obliteration of the coronal portion of posterior and anterior teeth on the right side. Some deviation of the midline toward the functional side was observed in treated rabbits. This deviation was not observed in untreated rabbits.
Characterization of Components of Dental Materials and Components of Tooth Structure by Differential Thermal Analysis
Authors: Brauer G.M. , Termini D.J. , Burns C.L.
Published: November 2010

Differential thermal analysis (DTA) has been used to characterize a variety of dental materials and the components of tocth structure. The technic is useful for the rapid comparison of similar materials, quality control, measurement of melting ranges, and the study of reactions occurring at elevated temperatures.
In Vitro Antibiotic Sensitivity of Oral Microorganisms to Actinobolin
Authors: Hunt D.E. , Sandham H.J. , Caldwell R.C.
Published: November 2010

Actinobolin was tested by a paper disk-agar diffusion method for inhibitory activity against cariogenic streptococcal strains, mixed microbial cultures, bacteria, and yeasts. The cariogenic streptococci and the mixed cultures were highly sensitive to inhibition by actinobolin, which suggests that this antibiotic may be useful as a cariostatic agent.
Effects of a Bleaching Technic on the Labial Enamel of Human Teeth Stained with Endemic Dental Fluorosis
Authors: Bailey Ronald W. , Christen Arden G.
Published: November 2010

Enamel removal was studied in 54 permanent maxillary anterior teeth of people from high fluoride and unknown fluoride areas after the teeth were bleached by a standardized technic. A single 20-minute treatment was not excessively destructive, because it removed only about 0.1 mm of labial enamel in most specimens tested, regardless of fluoride background.
Comparison of Simultaneous Airflow-Pressure Measurements and Cephalometric Technics for Evaluation of Normal and Cleft Palate Patients: III. Palatopharyngeal Competency
Authors: Quigley Lawrence F.
Published: November 2010

Cleft palate and normal palate siblings were studied for palatopharyngeal competency with cephalometric, manometric, and air flow technics. The nasal anemometer can serve as a practical instrument to measure palatopharyngeal competency in place of cephalometric radiographs.
Photoelectric Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Mast-Cell-Associated Enzyme Activity in Human Gingival Tissues
Authors: Sorenson F.M. , Bennett J.S. , Fujita D. , Poindexter F.R. , Hall W.B.
Published: November 2010

Simple counts of mast cells per unit of human gingiva are often difficult to interpret because of the large numbers and varying sizes and shapes of the counted structures. The relatively simple photoelectric scanning method described herein eliminates tedious counting procedures while providing a measure of the relative quantity of stainable mast cell granules within the area scanned. Thus, the method may provide a better estimate of the total biologic activity than would simple mast cell counts.
Instrument Changes During Sterilization
Authors: Custer Frederic , Coyle Thomas
Published: November 2010

Four types of steel were tested, using dental instruments, for changes in hardness as a function of sterilization or disinfection. Steam autoclave, dry heat sterilization, and chemical disinfection were used. Knoop hardness was determined at intervals and data were statistically analyzed. Significant loss of hardness was observed in specific instances.
Morphology of Molar Teeth and Occlusion in Young Rats
Authors: Hunt H.R. , Rosen S. , Hoppert C.A.
Published: November 2010

Knowledge of the gross anatomy and occlusion pattern of molar teeth in rats is necessary to relate experiments on dental caries in rats to research on causes of caries in man. The gross anatomy of the crowns in rat molars is described, and a hypothetical account of occlusion is advanced.
Study of the Chronologic Development and Eruption of Teeth in Elasmobranchs
Authors: Boyne Philip J.
Published: November 2010

By the use of intravital labeling with tetracycline antibiotics, it has been possible to determine calcification patterns and the rate of exfoliation of elasmobranch teeth. The results indicate that young lemon sharks lose the most peripheral row of teeth in 14-day sequences, with a continuous replacement mechanism restoring the lost teeth from the deeper dental lamina. The technic used is considered to be applicable to the study of calcification mechanisms and calcium and phosphate metabolism in the elasmobranchs as well as to the determination of growth and exfoliation of dental hard tissues.
Histochemical Demonstration of Dehydrogenase Activities During Late Molar Crown Development and Tooth Eruption in the Mouse
Authors: Heyden G. , From S.H.
Published: November 2010

Lactate, malate, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were demonstrated in the molar tooth and surrounding tissues of the mouse. Intense activities were observed, especially in the reducing dental epithelium. The staining reactions facilitated morphological studies.
Electron Microprobe Analysis of Ca, P, and Mg in Mandibular Bone
Authors: Green Larry J. , Eick J. David , Miller William A. , Leitner Jack W.
Published: November 2010

Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium content and variability and CalP molar ratios in cortical and trabecular bone of the mandible of the rhesus monkey were determined with the electron microprobe. Ca, P, and Mg content was more variable in areas of trabecular bone than in areas of cortical bone. CalP molar ratios were similar in each monkey regardless of bone type.
Temporomandibular Joint: Relation of the Retrodiskal Zone to Meckel's Cartilage and Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
Authors: Coleman Russell D.
Published: November 2010

In human fetuses, the diskomalleolar ligament was found to extend from the articular disk and capsule through the petrotympanic fissure to Meckel's cartilage and the malleus. In the adult, the retrodiskal fibers were continuous with the origin of the anterior ligament of the malleus and from the walls of the petrotympanic fissure.
Intra-Alveolar Dental Development in Twins
Authors: Green Larry J. , Aszkler Stephen E.
Published: November 2010

Intra-alveolar dental development of several permanent mandibular teeth was compared in 69 sets of twins. Bilateral symmetry of dental development was found in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Comparisons of intrapair variances between monozygotic and dizygotic twins indicated that a strong genetic component exists in the mechanisms that influence intraalveolar dental development.
Staining Differences Between Normal and Carcinogen-Induced Carcinomas of the Hamster Pouch
Authors: Chavez Robert F. , Toto Patrick D.
Published: November 2010

An alteration in cell surface antigens associated with malignant change was investigated with the fluorescent antibody technic. Normal hamster pouch and squamous cell carcinomas (induced by topical DMBA) from the same hamsters were compared. The findings consistently showed that the intensity of the staining is diminished in squamous cell carcinomas.
Microstructure of Amalgam Surfaces
Authors: Fusayama Takao , Hayashi Kenji
Published: November 2010

Amalgam surfaces were observed with a metallurgical and a scanning electron microscope. No significant differences in sizes of matrix crystal grains were found between the carved, burnished, and finished amalgams, or the superficial and inner layers. Numerous minute granular prominences eventually grew on the burnished surfaces.
Photooxidation of Hog Pancreatic α Amylase
Authors: Bruce Donoff R. , Sweeney Edward A.
Published: November 2010

The findings suggest that histidine is present at the "active site" of hog pancreatic a amylase. The functions of α and β amylase are explained.
Analysis of Attrition in Adult Human Molars
Authors: Lavelle C.L.B.
Published: November 2010

Attrition in 359 maxillary and mandibular molar dentitions from 19th century British, Anglo-Saxon, Mongoloid, West African, and Australian aborigine skulls was studied. Results showed a relative lack of attrition in the 19th century British dentitions in comparison with the other dentitions. This feature was confirmed on examination of 300 maxillary and mandibular molar dentitions from the present-day British population.
Evaluation of Factors Determining the Tissue-Level Haversian Bone Formation Rate in Man
Authors: Villanueva A.R. , Frost H.M.
Published: November 2010

Study of haversian bone remodeling in the ribs of humans yielded more information about bone physiology.
Primate Experiments on Facial Asymmetry
Authors: Chierici George , Harvold Egil P. , Dawson W. James
Published: November 2010

A primate model was developed for testing the response of a normal structure to an abnormal environment. Facial asymmetry after experimental maxillary displacement did not extend to the zygoma. Significant changes occurred in the development of the maxilla, the nasal cavity, and the position and occlusion of the dentition.
Effect of X Radiation on Rat Fetal Oral Mucosa in Tissue Culture
Authors: Bracho Miguel A. , Rose George G. , Cattoni Martin , Nikai Hiromasa
Published: November 2010

Cultures of oral mucosa from 15- to 17-day-old rat fetuses were placed under cellophane membranes on cover glasses of Rose chambers to determine the action of low doses of X radiation on the oral epithelial cells, exclusive of mitotic phenomena. The principal characteristic of the emigrating cells in control cultures was established. The most important changes in surviving cells of the irradiated cultures were the formation of multinucleated giant cells, cellular vacuolization, and movements of the cell membranes (zeiosis and pericyclosis). Even with the low doses, there was a decided inhibition of growth.
Zinc Phosphate Cements: Chemical Study of In Vitro Durability
Authors: Wilson Alan D. , Kent Brian E. , Lewis Brian G.
Published: November 2010

This study of the variation in chemical composition of material eroded from zinc phosphate cements in aqueous mediums establishes the effects of preparative variables and pH.
Sequential Changes in Response to Dental Procedures
Authors: Howitt J.W. , Stricker G.
Published: November 2010

This portion of a study that involved children 8, 10, 12, and 14 years of age, was concerned with cardiac rate as a function of age, type of dental procedure and repetitive exposure to the dental treatment situation. It was consistently found that as children become more experienced with dental procedures and the dental treatment environment, their arousal level is reduced. Similarly, as a child becomes older, he becomes less autonomically responsive to dental treatment, as he does to many other stimuli.
Effect of Undernutrition During the Perinatal Period on Caries Development in the Rat
Authors: Navia J.M. , Di Orio L.P. , Menaker L. , Miller S.
Published: November 2010

The manipulation of diets, foster mothers, and progeny has made it possible to study and differentiate the effect of undernutrition during pregnancy and lactation on body growth, incisor and molar weight, and dental caries in rats. Rats undernourished during lactation were retarded in their growth and development and had high caries scores. These effects were not observed when the nutritional stress was imposed during gestation.
Electron Microscopy of Solitary Cilia in Human Gingiva and Rat Oral Mucosa
Authors: Nikai H. , Rose G.G. , Cattoni M.
Published: November 2010

An electron microscopic investigation of human gingiva and rat oral mucosa revealed the presence of solitary cilia primarily in the germinative layer of the epithelium. The cilia were infrequently found in the stromal cells of the lamina propria. These cilia were associated with the diplosome but lacked the central fibrils normally found in motile cilia.
Marginal Fracture vs Mechanical Properties of Amalgam
Authors: Mahler David B. , Terkla Louis G. , Van Eysden Jan , Reisbick Morris H.
Published: November 2010

The clinical marginal fracture characteristics of three commercial dental amalgams were evaluated and compared with a number of their mechanical properties to determine which properties would relate best to clinical performance. It was found that compressive strength, tensile strength, transverse strength, transverse deflection, and flow as determined by ADA Specification No. 1 were ineffective, whereas the rheological properties of dynamic creep, static creep, and slow compressive strength appeared effective in relating to marginal fracture.
Acquisition of Fluoride In Vivo by Enamel from Repeated Topical Sodium Fluoride Applications in a Fluoridated Area: Final Report
Authors: Mellberg James R. , Nicholson Clyde R. , Miller Barry G. , Englander Harold R.
Published: November 2010

Fluoride acquisition by the deciduous and permanent teeth of schoolchildren who consumed fluoridated water was studied during repeated topical applications in plastic mouth applicators of gel drops containing acidulated phosphate sodium fluoride. The fluoride acquired by the outer enamel from the topical treatments appeared to be permanently bound and progressively increased with the number of treatments completed.
Effect of Vancomycin on Plaque After Periodontal Surgery
Authors: Collins James F.
Published: November 2010

The ability of vancomycin to reduce the formation of dental plaque after periodontal surgery was studied. There was a significant reduction in plaque for the period of time observed. An extrinsic stain was noted on the teeth of some patients.
Laminar Air Purge of Microorganisms in Dental Aerosols: Prophylactic Procedures with the Ultrasonic Scaler
Authors: Williams George H. , Pollok Nicholas L. , Shay Donald E. , Barr Charles E.
Published: November 2010

Studies of 50 patients undergoing prophylaxis in a dental operatory equipped with laminar airflow showed that from more than 40,400 viable particles containing one or more microbes collected from dental aerosols, about 40,267 were recovered when laminar air was not in use. Airborne contamination reductions of 99.7% were effected in the dental office when a vertical downflow of laminar, high efj"zcieney particulate filtered air was present.
Dental Morphologic Variation and the Hardy-Weinberg Law
Authors: Sofaer J.A.
Published: November 2010

Recently, the Hardy-Weinberg Law has been applied to population data to support the contention that various human dental morphologic characteristics are controlled by single autosomal genes. By a discussion of the principles involved and by the use of an example, this approach is shown to be invalid.
Demineralization of Bone by Phosphoprotein Phosphatase
Authors: Kreitzman Stephen N. , Fritz Michael E.
Published: November 2010

Because of recent observations of the demineralization of enamel by phosphoprotein phosphatase, an experiment was designed to test this enzyme on bone. Decided destruction was evident in bone fragments that were incubated with phosphoprotein phosphatase buffered to pH 5.8 with 0.1 M acetate for periods of up to 15 hours.
Identification of Types of Potentially Cariogenic Streptococci on Human Tooth Surfaces by the Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Authors: Duany Luis F. , Zinner Doran D. , Jablon James M.
Published: November 2010

The frequency distribution of four potentially cariogenic streptococcal types, AHT, BHT, GS-5, and HHT, on seven specific maxillary and mandibular tooth surface segments of 27 male teenagers was investigated. BHT and HHT serotypes were widespread in the dentition of all subjects. AHT and GS-5 organisms were identified in 7 and 89% of the population studied, respectively.
Solubility of a Silicate Cement
Authors: Pulver John C. , Rossington David R.
Published: November 2010

Samples of a silicate cement were soaked in different environments for varying lengths of time. The resulting solutions were analyzed for Na, Zn, Ca, Al, and Si by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. All of the elements showed a decreasing rate of solution with increasing time. Citric acid was particularly destructive and it was found that this medium leaches Al at a far greater rate than the other mediums.
Mechanism of Fluoride Uptake by Hydroxyapatite from Acidic Fluoride Solutions: I. Theoretical Considerations
Authors: Nelson Kenneth G. , Higuchi William I.
Published: November 2010

A mathematical model for the mechanism of calcium fluoride formation on hydroxyapatite in buffered fluoride solutions is proposed. It takes into account the physical and chemical processes that occur during the reaction. With the model it is possible to evaluate a priori the fluoride uptake potential of fluoride solutions.
Pressure-Induced Disappearance of the γ2 (HgSn7-8) Phase in Dental Amalgam
Authors: Grenoble Dale E. , Lawrence Katz J.
Published: November 2010

Examination of the crystalline structure of dental amalgam during an investigation that involved high pressures led to the detection of the disappearance of the γ2 phase after high pressure treatment. This phase disappearance was detected during periodic X-ray diffraction measurements made several months to a year after the samples had been subjected to pressures of up to 50 kilobars (750,000 psi) by use of a solid medium pressure apparatus. No new phases were detected during the process.
Buffering Action of Krebs-Ringer-Phosphate Solutions in Respiration Studies of Dental Pulp
Authors: Shalla Clayton L. , Fisher Alton K.
Published: November 2010

This study shows the buffering limitations of Krebs-Ringer-phosphate solution in the presence of acid production by dental pulp and indicates the need for appropriate selection of suspending fluid volume and tissue sample mass in reaction vessel loads.
Sealing of Developmental Pits and Fissures: I. In Vitro Study
Authors: Lee Henry L. , Swartz Michael L.
Published: November 2010

Development and laboratory evaluation of a thermosetting polyurethane resin designed for use as a pit and fissure sealant was conducted. The material exhibited adhesion to enamel in excess of 1,300 psi. Radioautographs and scanning electron photomicrographs did not indicate leakage of isotope and showed an intimate contact between the resin and the fissure walls. The resin appeared to penetrate into the deepest fissures. The material is hydrolysis resistant; 90% of the original adhesive strength was retained after one year in 37 C water.
Friction and Wear of Restorative Dental Materials
Authors: Tillitson E.W. , Craig R.G. , Peyton F.A.
Published: November 2010

Friction coefficients for a variety of material couples are reported. The relative abrasive wear of materials followed the order of their hardness, with one exception.
Effect of Attrition on Subjacent Dentin and Pulp
Authors: Tronstad Leif , Langeland Kaare
Published: November 2010

Deciduous and permanent teeth from swine, monkeys, and humans, with dentin exposed by attrition, were studied histologically. Bacteria were present in exposed dentinal tubules, in cracks in dentin, and in necrotic pulp tissue. Remaining primary dentin and secondarily formed irritation dentin did not seem to protect the pulp entirely from exogenous irritants, and microscopic changes were observed in the pulp.
Production of Bone Matrix In Vitro: I. Method and Histologic Observations
Authors: Porter Kendall
Published: November 2010

An organ culture method is described in which bone matrix was successfully formed.
Production of Bone Matrix In Vitro: II. Histochemical Observations on the Role of Acid Mucopolysaccharide in Early Matrix Formation
Authors: Porter Kendall
Published: November 2010

Four stages of bone matrix are postulated as discerned by histochemical staining for acid mucopolysaccharide and neutral mucopolysaccharide.
Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Cavity Lining Materials
Authors: Kaloyannides Thanos M.
Published: November 2010

Measurement of the thermal conductivity of 11 different cavity lining materials showed that the materials possessed low thermal conductivity coefficients and that their respective values decreased from the first to the third measurement. Maximum and minimum values of thermal conductivity of the materials were compared with those of copper.
Environmental Effects of Molybdenum on Caries
Authors: Curzon M.E.J. , Kubota J. , Bibby B.G.
Published: November 2010

Examination of 786 children in California towns situated on soils with high and low molybdenum contents failed to show differences in caries prevalence.
Relationship of Tooth Position to Maxillary Ridge Anatomy
Authors: Tucker Kenneth M. , Pearson Orrin W.
Published: November 2010

This study related the position of the anterior rugae to the maxillary canine teeth and the incisive papilla to the central incisors. Results indicated the rugae-canine correlation was not significant, but the incisive papilla-incisor relationship was highly significant and will aid the placement of denture teeth.
In Vivo Cariostatic Activity of Actinobolin
Authors: Hunt D.E. , Navia J.M. , Lopez H.
Published: November 2010

The addition of 18.8 or 37.6 ppm of the antibiotic actinobolin to the diets of rats reduced significantly the total incidence of caries by 56 and 81 %, respectively. The reduction in caries obtained with actinobolin, compared with non treated control rats and rats treated with 25 ppm of fluoride, indicates the potential use of this antibiotic as a cariostatic agent.
Altered Staining Reaction of Connective Tissues in 53 Submucous Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Hamner James E. , Mehta Fali S. , Pindborg Jens J. , Daftary D.K.
Published: November 2010

Fifty-four oral biopsies were performed on 53 submucous fibrosis patients among 50,915 rural villagers in the Indian states of Kerala, Gujarat, Bihar, and Andhra Pradesh. Histologic sections revealed a definite alteration in the tinctorial quality of the connective tissues when stained by the Rinehart and van Gieson methods. The connective tissues in submucous fibrosis patients tended to be amorphous and nonbundular, in contrast to that seen in the normal controls.
Dental Silicate Cements: XIII. Crazing and Dulling of the Surface
Authors: Kent Brian E. , Lewis Brian G. , Wilson Alan D.
Published: November 2010

The nature and cause of dulling and crazing of freshly exposed surfaces of silicate cements are discussed with the effects of liquid composition and preparative and environmental variables.
Thermal Analysis of Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cements During Setting
Authors: El-Tahawi H.M. , Craig R.G.
Published: November 2010

Characteristic thermal transitions of zinc oxide and eugenol materials were compared with those of zinc eugenolate.
Thermogravimetric Analysis of Waxes
Authors: Craig R.G. , Powers J.M. , Peyton F.A.
Published: November 2010

Thermogravimetric analyses of various waxes were made. This manner of assessment was evaluated critically.
Corrosion Tendencies of Amalgam Surfaces Compared by Spontaneous Electric Potentials
Authors: Shimizu Nobuo , Fusayama Takao , Horibe Takashi
Published: November 2010

Corrosion tendencies of spherical and conventional amalgam surfaces treated in various ways were compared by measuring the spontaneous electric potential. The potential was generally higher for spherical amalgam. Polishing 1-day-old specimens lowered the potential slightly, but it soon rose beyond the original.