bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gait Features in Different Environments Contributing to Participation in Outdoor Activities in Old Age (GaitAge): Protocol for an Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rantakokko Merja , Matikainen-Tervola Emmi , Aartolahti Eeva , Sihvonen Sanna , Chichaeva Julija , Finni Taija , Cronin Neil
Published: March 2024

Background

The ability to walk is a key issue for independent old age. Optimizing older peoples’ opportunities for an autonomous and active life and reducing health disparities requires a better understanding of how to support independent mobility in older people. With increasing age, changes in gait parameters such as step length and cadence are common and have been shown to increase the risk of mobility decline. However, gait assessments are typically based on laboratory measures, even though walking in a laboratory environment may be significantly different from walking in outdoor environments.

Objective

This project will study alterations in biomechanical features of gait by comparing walking on a treadmill in a laboratory, level outdoor, and hilly outdoor environments. In addition, we will study the possible contribution of changes in gait between these environments to outdoor mobility among older people.

Methods

Participants of the study were recruited through senior organizations of Central Finland and the University of the Third Age, Jyväskylä. Inclusion criteria were community-dwelling, aged 70 years and older, able to walk at least 1 km without assistive devices, able to communicate, and living in central Finland. Exclusion criteria were the use of mobility devices, severe sensory deficit (vision and hearing), memory impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination ≤23), and neurological conditions (eg, stroke, Parkinson disease, and multiple sclerosis). The study protocol included 2 research visits. First, indoor measurements were conducted, including interviews (participation, health, and demographics), physical performance tests (short physical performance battery and Timed Up and Go), and motion analysis on a treadmill in the laboratory (3D Vicon and next-generation inertial measurement units [NGIMUs]). Second, outdoor walking tests were conducted, including walking on level (sports track) and hilly (uphill and downhill) terrain, while movement was monitored via NGIMUs, pressure insoles, heart rate, and video data.

Results

A total of 40 people (n=26, 65% women; mean age 76.3, SD 5.45 years) met the inclusion criteria and took part in the study. Data collection took place between May and September 2022. The first result is expected to be published in the spring of 2024.

Conclusions

This multidisciplinary study will provide new scientific knowledge about how gait biomechanics are altered in varied environments, and how this influences opportunities to participate in outdoor activities for older people.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR1-10.2196/52898
Novel Approach to Personalized Physician Recommendations Using Semantic Features and Response Metrics: Model Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zheng Yingbin , Cai Yunping , Yan Yiwei , Chen Sai , Gong Kai
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

The rapid growth of web-based medical services has highlighted the significance of smart triage systems in helping patients find the most appropriate physicians. However, traditional triage methods often rely on department recommendations and are insufficient to accurately match patients’ textual questions with physicians’ specialties. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop algorithms for recommending physicians.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop and validate a patient-physician hybrid recommendation (PPHR) model with response metrics for better triage performance.

METHODS

A total of 646,383 web-based medical consultation records from the Internet Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University were collected. Semantic features representing patients and physicians were developed to identify the set of most similar questions and semantically expand the pool of recommended physician candidates, respectively. The physicians’ response rate feature was designed to improve candidate rankings. These 3 characteristics combine to create the PPHR model. Overall, 5 physicians participated in the evaluation of the efficiency of the PPHR model through multiple metrics and questionnaires as well as the performance of Sentence Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers and Doc2Vec in text embedding.

RESULTS

The PPHR model reaches the best recommendation performance when the number of recommended physicians is 14. At this point, the model has an F1-score of 76.25%, a proportion of high-quality services of 41.05%, and a rating of 3.90. After removing physicians’ characteristics and response rates from the PPHR model, the F1-score decreased by 12.05%, the proportion of high-quality services fell by 10.87%, the average hit ratio dropped by 1.06%, and the rating declined by 11.43%. According to whether those 5 physicians were recommended by the PPHR model, Sentence Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers achieved an average hit ratio of 88.6%, while Doc2Vec achieved an average hit ratio of 53.4%.

CONCLUSIONS

The PPHR model uses semantic features and response metrics to enable patients to accurately find the physician who best suits their needs.
Establishing Priorities for Improving Data Collection and Measurement of Mental Health and Well-Being of Adolescents With Special Educational Needs Within Nonmainstream Schools: Protocol for a Delphi Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jeffery Mairi C , Deighton Jessica , Lereya Suzet Tanya
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

There are more than 1.5 million children and young people in England with special educational needs (SEN), with over 160,000 young people in the United Kingdom attending a special school or alternative provision (AP) setting. Young people with SEN have been found to be at risk for poorer mental health and well-being than non-SEN peers. However, there is a range of both school-related and research challenges associated with identifying difficulties in a timely manner.

OBJECTIVE

This Delphi study aims to determine a list of stakeholder priorities for improving school-based measurement of mental health and well-being among young people with SEN, at an aggregated level, within secondary special school or AP settings. A secondary objective is to inform the implementation of school-based well-being surveys, improve engagement in special schools or AP settings, and improve survey response rates among children and young people with SEN.

METHODS

A mixed methods Delphi study will be conducted, including a scoping review and preliminary focus groups with school staff members and researchers to establish key issues. This will be followed by a 2-round Delphi survey to determine a list of stakeholder priorities for improving the measurement of mental health and well-being at an aggregate level within special schools and AP settings. A final stakeholder workshop will be held to discuss the findings. A list of recommendations will be drafted as a report for special schools and AP settings.

RESULTS

The study has received ethical approval from the University College London Research Ethics Committee. The stage 1 scoping review has commenced. Recruitment for focus groups will begin in Autumn 2024. The first round of the Delphi survey will commence in early 2025, and the second round of the Delphi survey in the spring of 2025. The final workshop will commence in mid-2025 with final results expected in late 2025.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a need for clear recommendations for special schools and AP settings on priorities for improving the measurement of mental health and well-being problems among young people with SEN. There is also a need for recommendations to researchers implementing school-based well-being surveys, including the #BeeWell program, to enable them to improve their engagement in special schools and AP settings and ensure surveys are accessible.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/58610
Extreme Outer Connected Geodesic Graphs
Authors: Ganesamoorthy K. , Jayanthi D.
Published: March 2024

For a connected graph G of order at least two, a set S of vertices in a graph G is said to be an outer connected geodetic set if S is a geodetic set of G and either S = V or the subgraph induced by V − S is connected. The minimum cardinality of an outer connected geodetic set of G is the outer connected geodetic number of G and is denoted by goc(G). The number of extreme vertices in G is its extreme order ex(G). A graph G is said to be an extreme outer connected geodesic graph if goc(G) = ex(G). It is shown that for every pair a, b of integers with 0 ≤ a ≤ b and b ≥ 2, there exists a connected graph G with ex(G) = a and goc(G) = b. Also, it is shown that for positive integers r, d and k ≥ 2 with r < d ≤ 2r, there exists an extreme outer connected geodesic graph G of radius r, diameter d and outer connected geodetic number k.
A Comparative Study of 9-Level Inverter and 15-Level Multi Inverter for a Grid Connected System
Authors: Veeranna Mr. D. S.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Recently, the emergence of single phase multilevel inverter has been increased due to its advantages over traditional one. Multilevel Inverters [MLI] are the ones which can give out a stepwise output waveform with the use of power electronic switches, power diodes and some DC voltage source which might be a series/parallel connected PV cells, a renewable source or a battery. Multilevel inverters not only produce low harmonic distortion but also decrease the dv/dt stresses on the equipment Multilevel inverters is a good option as the output voltage of a Multilevel inverter is a stepped waveform which approaches a sinusoid providing lesser harmonic distortion. As the number of levels are increased the harmonic distortion reduces but at the same time the number of switching devices and the DC voltage sources required increases, thus increasing the complexity of the system design and control. Multilevel inverter proposed in this paper uses only 7 switches to provide 9 levels and 15 levels of output voltage. A symmetrical Cascaded H bridge Multi level inverter (SCHBMLI) and Asymmetrical Cascaded H bridge Multilevel Inverter (ASCHBMLI) using PD-PWM technique have been analysed in this paper for grid connection. The Asymmetric Cascade H Bridge [ASCHMLI] implemented in real time system using PIC16F877A microcontroller with RL load. This type of proposed system is used for high power applications in photovoltaic and it’s reduce overall cost as well as size of the system.
Assessment of Effectiveness of Av600P Screw Reinforcement in Compressed Reinforced Concrete Elements
Authors: Okolnikova Galina E. , Tikhonov Georgy I.
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the research of application of reinforcing steel of a new spiral profile for reinforcement of reinforced concrete constructions. The article presents the results of experimental studies of prism specimens with screw four-row reinforcement with diameters of 20 and 32 mm of class Av600P and concrete of classes B30 and B60 under static compression loading. The purpose of the research was to justify the introduction into practice of the construction of an innovative screw reinforcement profile, which will develop the ideas and principles that have become the basis for the widely used six-row A500SP profile, whose design solution (the absence of longitudinal ribs with the arrangement of transverse protrusions in four rows with the possible formation of a two-start screw thread by them) makes it possible to significantly increase the rejection minimum value of the Röhm criterion (fR ≥ 0.075), which characterizes and determines the strength and deformability of the adhesion of reinforcement to concrete, which determine the strength and crack resistance of reinforced concrete structures, and, consequently, their operational safety and reliability. The coupling joints of screw reinforcement can significantly speed up the process of reinforcing work at the construction site as a result of replacing labor-intensive and expensive welded joints. The results of the research showed the effectiveness of application of new screw reinforcement of the Av600P class for reinforcing compressed reinforced concrete elements made of concrete of classes B30÷B60 with coupling threaded contact, partially contact and non-contact butt joints of the reinforcement.
Influence of Reinforcement Load Level on Bearing Capacity of RC Beams Externally Reinforced with СFRP
Authors: Smolyago Gennadiy A. , Zhdanov Alexander E. , Obernikhina Yana L.
Published: March 2024

Most of the experimental investigations devoted to the study of the stress-strain state of bent reinforced concrete elements reinforced with carbon fiber-based polymer-composite materials have examined only unloaded beams or beams without preliminary cracks. However, reinforcement of real load-bearing structures is most often performed under load and taking into account previously occurring defects. At the same time, there are a limited number of systematic studies of the effect of preload on the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams reinforced with carbon fiber. This article presents a methodology for assessing the effect of the stress-strain state level of reinforcement on the bearing capacity and other parameters of the sections of bent reinforced concrete elements reinforced with carbon fiber, taking into account the physical nonlinearity of concrete and using real deformation diagrams, including reinforcement and reinforcement systems. On the basis of the developed method, numerical studies of the operation of reinforced concrete sections reinforced at various stages of SSS were performed. After analyzing the obtained data, we can conclude that the level of reinforcement load has a significant effect on the deformability, rigidity and strength of normal sections of reinforced concrete beams and the need to take this factor into account when calculating bending reinforced concrete elements. After analyzing the data obtained, we can conclude that the influence of the reinforcement load level on the deformability, rigidity and strength of normal sections of reinforced concrete beams and the need to take this factor into account when calculating bending reinforced concrete elements.
Precast-Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Large-Span Shells of Unique Buildings from Enlarged Elements
Authors: Razzakov N. S.
Published: March 2024

The stress-strain state of precast monolithic reinforced concrete shells from enlarged elements taking into account the installation conditions. The results of experimental-theoretical studies of precast monolithic reinforced concrete shells of complex geometry assembled from enlarged elements are given.

The studies were carried out on full-scale composite shells 48x48 m and diameter 96m, its enlarged elements 3x18m and 3x24m as well as on the shell model on a scale of 1:10 and 1: 4. The stress-strain state of shells of a similar type was studied with different mounting and splitting designs. Recommendations are given on rational methods for the construction of shells from enlarged elements for public buildings.
Potensi Kriminal Cyber Crime pada Meme Pejabat Politik Indonesia: Kajian Linguistik Forensik
Authors: Windari Essy Yunita , Ramadhan Syahrul , Amril Amir
Published: March 2024

This article aims to describe the findings of forensic linguistic analysis of language expressions on meme potentially used in cybercrime crimes. The linguistic form of the meme, including words, phrases, and clauses, serves as a data source. Three political-themed memes were chosen as representative examples. Data from Internet communication channels. The data is subsequently evaluated syntax, semantic, pragmatic, and forensic components. The results of forensic language-based analysis showed that the three meme could be involved in online criminal activity. This violation is possible, as evidenced by the offensive actions of expressive and persuasive illusion. The use of linguistic machinism such as “the president is useless”, “sell only”, “stupid”, etc. is one type of insult. Obviously, the comment was addressed to Jokowi and Makruf Amin personally. At their respective site locations, these three meme are still available to the public. These three memes are potentially violated, and it could make the perpetrator violate Articles 27 and 45 of the ITE Act. In addition, Chapter XVI, Sections 310 to 321 of the Code of Criminal Procedures on Disgrace discusses the offence of pollution of good name.
A target English needs analysis on ESP course: Exploring medical students’ perceptions of necessities at a Yemeni university
Authors: Farea Wafa Ahmed , Singh Manjet Kaur Mehar
Published: March 2024

This research focuses on the needs analysis and perspectives in evaluating English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses designed for medical students. The study intends to identify the medical students’ perceptions of the frequency and importance of using English language skills. Two different instruments, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, were used to collect data. Respondents included 186 medical students, 4 ESP lecturers, and 10 Department of Medicine (DM) Subject Matter lecturers at Ibb University in Yemen. In this study, quantitative data were collected from three different subject groups (n=200) by means of three versions of the questionnaire. Correspondingly, some follow-up interviews, which were organised with a group of these three informants (n=29), complemented the data collection procedure. The collected data was analysed via the SPSS software package, followed by a qualitative data thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews. The findings showed some differences in which medical students believed the most frequent skills used are Listening and Reading, while their ESP and DM Subject Matter lecturers believed that medical students use Writing and Listening. The results revealed that although most of the English language skills and sub-skills in target needs were considered important or very important by all the participants, there were discrepancies in the preferences and priorities. The findings of this study are expected to be used as reference material for further research and give valuable considerations which may provide useful information for the ESP course designers to meet the target English needs of medical students in Yemen.
Stance expressions in applied linguistics research articles: A corpus-based contrastive study
Authors: Al Fajri Muchamad Sholakhuddin , Oktavianti Ikmi Nur
Published: March 2024

Stance, a crucial aspect of academic writing, is complex and vital for both beginner and advanced writers. However, L2 English learners and experienced writers frequently struggle with using stance markers effectively. Currently, there remains a scarcity of research comparing the utilisation of stance markers in applied linguistics research articles between native English professional writers and L1 Indonesian speakers. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating similarities and differences in the deployment of stance markers in applied linguistics research articles by authors with L1 Indonesian and L1 English backgrounds and discussing the educational implications derived from the analysis results. The analysis involves two corpora: the Indonesian academic corpus (IAC), comprising articles authored by L1 Indonesians, and the English academic corpus (EAC), consisting of articles by native English speakers. The study investigates various types of stance markers and their distribution across the corpora, revealing significant differences in their usage. L2 English authors employ more boosters and attitude markers, while L1 English writers use more hedges and self-mentions, with the most notable disparities observed in the usage of self-references. These findings underscore the necessity for educators, particularly within the Indonesian context, to sensitise learners to the discursive norms surrounding the use of stance markers in applied linguistics research articles and provide targeted instruction to enhance English learners’ proficiency in employing stance markers effectively.
Universal Solution of Medieval Spherical Astronomy
Authors: Inayah Maulida , Izzuddin Ahmad
Published: March 2024

Spherical astronomy is a part of astronomy that figures of the sky as a sphere. It concerns the study of astronomical coordinate frames, the direction and apparent motion of celestial bodies, the determination of positions from astronomical observations, and the errors that can occur in observations. Spherical astronomy makes it easier for humans to determine the direction and position of celestial bodies relative to observers on Earth. In the history of human civilization, spherical astronomy has been the solution to determining the time of worship for medieval Muslims. Especially during the glory days of the Mamluks, Egypt and Syria. This article was written based on literature research with qualitative method as an approach. Then the collecting data was carried out by the documentation method on various notes, books, transcripts and images could be found. Then the data was analyzed descriptively. The results of this research show that Egyptian and Syrian astronomers during Mamluk reign (between the 13th-15th centuries) made a major contribution to the progress and development of science, especially in astronomy. Both the preparation of astronomical tables and various astronomical tools or instruments they designed.
An Overview of Preparation for Different Azo Compounds
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-NahrainUniversity, P. O. Box: 64021, Baghdad, Iraq, M. Ahmad Shayma , S. Al-Taie Zahraa ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-NahrainUniversity, P. O. Box: 64021, Baghdad, Iraq, H. Al-Mashhadani Mohammed ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-NahrainUniversity, P. O. Box: 64021, Baghdad, Iraq, A.Hammza Rana ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-NahrainUniversity, P. O. Box: 64021, Baghdad, Iraq, Rahmansyah Mulia ,   Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia, Bufaroosha Muna ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, UAE., Yousif Emad ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-NahrainUniversity, P. O. Box: 64021, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: March 2024

Azo compounds are a class of organic materials that have the group R-N=N-R' where the substitution group R and R' are aromatic or heterocyclic sides. The azo compounds have a variety of applications including dyes, pigments, and pharmaceuticals. The preparation and characterization of different azo compounds is an important area of research in organic synthesis. The azo compound synthesis typically involves the diazotization process for coupling between an aromatic amine and another aromatic compound containing an activating group such as -OH, -NH2, or -NR2. The reaction conditions must be carefully controlled to prevent side reactions, such as the formation of unwanted byproducts. Once synthesized, azo compounds can be characterized using a variety of techniques including UV-Vis spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. UV-Vis spectroscopy is a commonly used technique for characterizing azo compounds. The absorption spectrum of an azo compound typically exhibits a strong absorption band in the visible region due to the delocalized π-electrons in the azo group. While in FTIR, the loss of the amine peak and showing a weak peak at about 1550 cm−1forthe (N=N) group, indicates the presence of Azo. The preparation and characterization of different azo compounds is a significant field of research in organic chemistry, which are applied as acid and base indicators, food coloring, optical switches, liquid crystal and in medicine. By carefully controlling the synthesis conditions and using a variety of characterization techniques, researchers can gain a better understanding of the properties and applications of these compounds.
Synthesis of Mn2O3 Nanoparticles and Determination of Its Inhibition Effect On Sera of Iraqi Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type-2 and Diabetes Nephropathy
Authors:   Medical city, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq, Tawfeeq Ali Layth , H. Hussein Hanaa , Abdul Rudha Abbas Salma ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: March 2024

Manganese is essential for the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes and metabolic issues in Diabetes type 2 (DMT2), which is a worldwide disease, Chronic metabolic disorders cause insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and complications like diabetic nephropathy. Arginase converts arginine to ornithine and urea. Increased arginase activity in DMT2 and diabetes nephropathy (DN)which has been linked to kidney damage, and arginase inhibitors can increase NO which is essential to vascular function. However, the molecular mechanisms of arginased is regulationare in DMT2 and DN are still unclear. This study examined the effect of manganese oxide nanoparticles (Mn2O3NPs) on arginase activity inhibition inserum samples from DMT2 and DN patients. We hypothesized that Mn2O3NPs alter cell redox status and signaling pathways, affecting DMT2 and DN arginase activity. We used a colorimetric assay to measure arginase activity in 80 serum samples from DMT2 and DN patients treated with different MnO2 NP concentrations to test our hypothesis. The current study characterized nanoparticles using various techniques such as IR, SEM, AFM, XRD, and EDX, which found it within nanoscale nature. Our findings are that Mn2O3NPs modulate arginase activity specificity in DM2 samples. SuggestionsMn2O3NPs could be used to develop new treatments for these conditions.
Hepaticogastrostomía guíada por ultrasonido endoscópico, experiencia en Colombia: serie de casos
Authors: Hernández Sampayo Faruk , Sierra Arango Fernando , Pinto Carta Renzo
Published: March 2024

La principal herramienta para la obstrucción biliar maligna es la descompresión de la vía biliar, mediante la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) con colocación de stent, la cual en un gran porcentaje de los casos es satisfactoria; sin embargo, el verdadero reto se presenta cuando es imposible canular la papila de váter por compromiso neoplásico a ese nivel. Aunque el drenaje biliar transhepático percutáneo (PTBD) es una opción, representa una gran morbilidad, que repercute directamente en la calidad de vida del paciente al tener un dispositivo externo sumado a una patología maligna. Con la llegada de la ultrasonografía endoscópica (USE), existen nuevos métodos reportados como la hepaticogastrostomía guiada por EUS (EUS-HGS), la cual se realiza por un orificio natural (NOTES) e impacta positivamente en el desenlace de estos pacientes. A continuación, se ejemplifica nuestra experiencia con los primeros 3 casos en Colombia.
Cáncer colorrectal de inicio temprano: un estudio en una población colombiana
Authors: Baez-Duarte Juan Pablo , Chaves Juan José , Chaves-Cabezas Viviana , Africano-Lopez Ferney , Ochoa-Vera Miguel , Tovar-Fierro German
Published: March 2024

Introducción: el cáncer colorrectal es el tercer cáncer más común en incidencia y la segunda causa de muerte secundaria al cáncer. El cáncer colorrectal de inicio temprano representa alrededor del 10% de los casos y conlleva una mortalidad más alta que la observada en pacientes de mayor edad. Se analiza la asociación entre la edad y las características clínicas, endoscópicas e histopatológicas del cáncer colorrectal al momento del diagnóstico en una población latinoamericana.
Metodología: se realizó un estudio de corte transversal utilizando la base de datos del Servicio de Gastroenterología de la Clínica Foscal y Clínica Foscal Internacional en Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Resultados: entre julio 2016 a junio 2021 se diagnosticaron 521 casos de cáncer colorrectal tipo adenocarcinoma de novo, de los cuales 77 pacientes (14,7%) tenían menos de 50 años. En pacientes con cáncer colorrectal de aparición temprana, la prevalencia de cáncer colorrectal fue mayor en mujeres. Los antecedentes familiares de carcinoma colorrectal fueron más frecuentes en pacientes menores de 50 años. La presencia de síndromes hereditarios, especialmente poliposis adenomatosa familiar y cáncer colorrectal no poliposo hereditario, también fueron más frecuentes en la población juvenil. Histopatológicamente, el adenocarcinoma mucinoso y el adenocarcinoma de células en anillo de sello fueron más frecuentes en pacientes jóvenes.
Conclusiones: el estudio mostró una aproximación a las características del cáncer colorrectal de aparición temprana en una población latinoamericana. Es necesario incrementar la prevención, control y detección temprana del cáncer colorrectal en jóvenes para mejorar el diagnóstico y tratamiento.
A framework for an AI pipeline for borehole data
Authors: Aiken John M. , Dufournet Elliot , Amiri Hamed , Ternieten Lotta , Plümper Oliver
Published: March 2024

Researchers analyzing data collected from borehole drilling projects can
face dozens of terabytes of seismic, hydrologic, geologic, and rock
mechanics data, including complex imagery, physical measurements, and
expert-written reports. These diverse data sets play a pivotal role in
understanding solid Earth processes. Ingesting and analyzing such data
presents a colossal challenge that typically demands a team of experts
and large amounts of time. The utilization of Artificial Intelligence
(AI) and machine learning emerges as a compelling approach to help
tackle the volume and complexity of drilling data. This paper presents
an AI-based pipeline for ingesting data from the Oman Drilling Project’s
Multi-borehole Observatory. The study focuses on the alteration of
peridotite core segments taken from Borehole BA1B, utilizing a catboost
classification model trained on an integrated data set of machine
learning segmented core images, physical measurements, geological,
lithographic data, and AI-summarized expert texts and feature selection.
This paper’s central objective is to establish a repeatable, efficient
pattern for processing such multifaceted borehole data through
connecting fracture networks detected in the borehole BA1B imagery to
the host rock alteration.
On the move: Influence of animal movements on count error during drone surveys
Authors: Schultz Emma , Ellison Natasha , Boudreau Melanie , Street Garrett , Jones Landon , Evans Kristine , Iglay Raymond B.
Published: March 2024

The use of remote sensing to monitor animal populations has greatly
expanded during the last decade. Drones (i.e. Unoccupied Aircraft
Systems or UAS) provide a cost- and time-efficient remote sensing option
to survey animals in various landscapes and sampling conditions.
However, drone-based surveys may also introduce counting errors,
especially when monitoring mobile animals. Using an agent-based model
simulation approach, we evaluated the error associated with counting a
single animal across various drone flight patterns under three animal
movement strategies (random, directional persistence, and biased towards
a resource) among five animal speeds (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 m/s). Flight
patterns represented increasing spatial independence (ranging from
lawnmower pattern with image overlap to systematic point counts).
Simulation results indicated that flight pattern was the most important
variable influencing count accuracy, followed by the type of animal
movement pattern, and then animal speed. A lawnmower pattern with 0%
overlap produced the most accurate count of a solitary, moving animal on
a landscape (average count of 1.1 ± 0.6) regardless of the animal’s
movement pattern and speed. Image overlap flight patterns were more
likely to result in multiple counts even when accounting for mosaicking.
Based on our simulations, we recommend using a lawnmower pattern with
0% image overlap to minimize error and augment drone efficacy for
animal surveys. Our work highlights the importance of understanding
interactions between animal movements and drone survey design on count
accuracy to inform the development of broad applications among diverse
species and ecosystems.
Experimental analysis of acidizing in Weizhou X low permeability reservoir
Authors: Zhang Yi , lu hongjun , weifeng * , zhang bin , zhang qi , wang rui , zhu pengyu
Published: March 2024

The Weizhou X low-permeability reservoir is an offshore reservoir, with
a permeability ranging from 0.58×10 μm
to 470.05×10 μm
, showing strong heterogeneity. In the subsequent
water injection development, good results were not always obtained. The
main problem was that during the water injection process, the injection
pressure increased significantly, resulting in low water injection
volume and low water injection efficiency, which could not maintain
long-term effective effects on production. Improvement, it is difficult
to replenish energy in the formation. Through the analysis of
pore-throat structure, water quality compatibility and sensitivity, it
is clear that pore-throat blockage is the main reason for low water
injection efficiency. Aiming at the present situation that the scaling
matter is mainly calcium carbonate, a solution to soil acidification and
plugging removal was proposed, and the water injection damage of the
actual reservoir was simulated. The indoor acidification experiment was
carried out, which showed that the effect of acidification on the
transformation of the reservoir was good, and the average rate of
transformation is 129.21%. Suggestions are put forward for the
effective development of Weizhou X low-permeability reservoirs, the
economic benefits of development are improved, and guidance is given for
the enhanced injection measures of low-permeability oilfields.
Public and publicly guaranteed external debt, debt servicing and investment in emerging economies
Authors: Omosuyi Oluseyi
Published: March 2024

The global financial crisis of 2007 gave a major boost to the debt-investment
nexus debate given the astronomical growth in external debt and its
associated debt servicing burdens, which constrain the fiscal space of many
developed and emerging economies. Hence, this study examined the effect of
external debt and debt servicing on investment in MINT countries for the
period, 1990-2021 using the FMOLS estimation technique. The results show
that external debt adversely affects investment in Indonesia but stimulates
investment in T?rkiye while debt servicing has a catastrophic effect on
investment in Indonesia and T?rkiye but enhances investment in Nigeria.
Overall, the effect of external debt and debt servicing on investment in
MINT countries are mixed. Hence, the policymakers in each country need to
put measures in place to foster debt sustainability, ensure effective
domestic resource mobilisation for investment purposes and promote debt
transparency by adopting effective debt management practices.
The First Monograph on the History of the State Conference of 1917 Review of Gosudarstvennoe soveshchanie 1917 goda: sozyv, sostav, deyatel'nost' [The State Conference of 1917: convocation, composition, activities], by А.B. Nikolaev (St Petersburg: Asterion, 2022)
Authors: Федор А.Г.
Published: March 2024

Рецензируемая монография является первым опытом исследования истории подготовки и проведения Государственного совещания, состоявшегося в Москве 12–15 августа 1917 г. А.Б. Николаев впервые ввел в оборот значительный объем архивных источников. Особое внимание в изданном труде уделяется различным концепциям совещания, а также борьбе политических сил вокруг этого общенационального форума, впервые пристально рассматриваются значимые вопросы состава Государственного совещания и механизма его формирования. В рецензии отмечается критика А.Б. Николаевым основных историографических мифов данной темы: центральной роли Совещания в подготовке Корниловского выступления и неучастия большевиков в форуме. Монография закрывает одно из наиболее крупных белых пятен в истории революционного 1917 года.

The monograph under review is the first experience in researching the history of the preparation and conduct of the State Conference held in Moscow on August 12–15, 1917. A. Nikolaev is the first to introduce a significant number of archival sources related to the subject into scholarly discourse. The published work pays special attention to the various concepts of the conference and to the struggle of political forces around that national forum. For the first time in historiography, it closely examines the important issues of the participants in the State Conference and the mechanism of its convocation. The review notes A. Nikolaev’s criticism towards the main historiographical myths connected with the subject: the central role of the State Conference in the preparation of the Kornilov affair and non-participation of the Bolsheviks in the forum. The monograph fills one of the largest gaps in the history of the revolutionary year of 1917.
A Monographic Study of the Parliamentary History of Central Russia in the early 20th century Review of Parlamentskaya istoriya Tsentral'noi Rossii: vybory i predstavitel'stvo Ryazanskoi gubernii v Gosudarstvennoi dume i Uchreditel'nom sobranii (1906–1917 gg.): monografiya [Parliamentary history of Central Russia: elections and representation of Ryazan Governorate in the State Duma and the Constituent Assembly (1906–1917): a monograph], by P.V. Akul'shin, and I.S. Knyazeva (Moscow: AIRO-XXI, 2021)
Authors: Андрей Б.Н.
Published: March 2024

Рецензируемая монография является первым в историографии специальным углубленным исследованием парламентской истории Центральной России на примере Рязанской губернии в 1906–1917 гг. Этим научным трудом П.В. Акульшин и И.С. Князева подводят итог многолетнему изучению истории выборов и представительства Рязанской губернии в Государственной думе всех четырех созывов и Учредительном собрании.

The monograph under review is the first special in-depth study of the parliamentary history of Central Russia based on the example of Ryazan Governorate in 1906–17. This scholarly work by P. Akul'shin and I. Knyazeva summarizes the long-term study of the history of elections and representation of Ryazan Governorate in the State Duma of all four convocations and in the Constituent Assembly.
Ledelsespraksis i oppstarten av skolers arbeid for utvikling av tilpasset opplæring
Authors: Yttergård Vegard Alexander Olsen , Foshaug Vennebo Kirsten
Published: March 2024

Denne artikkelen rapporterer fra en studie der vi undersøker ledelsespraksiser i oppstarten av skolers arbeid for utvikling av tilpasset opplæring iverksatt på initiativ fra skoleeieren. Studien har et aksjonsforskningsdesign med fire deltakende skoler og ledergrupper. Samlet viser studien hvordan ledelsespraksiser som er preget av distribuert og samhandlende «tettpå-ledelse», kjennetegnet av kontekstsensitive og verdibevisste handlingsorienteringer og -valg, utvikles gjennom oppstartsarbeidet. Ledergruppene, med rektorene i spissen, forankrer arbeidet i skolenes profesjonsfellesskap gjennom å sette verdier samt skolenes praktisering av tilpasset opplæring i sentrum for felles meningsskapende aksjoner, med klare koblinger til skoleeierens plan. Basert på funn i studien diskuterer vi hvordan ledelsespraksisene kan få betydning for det videre utviklingsarbeidet og utvikling i skolene, før vi avslutningsvis konkluderer og peker på noen av studiens implikasjoner og begrensninger. 
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
School leadership practices in the initial phase of schools’ work for developing adapted education
This article reports on a study in which we investigate school leadership practices for the development of adapted education, as they are expressed in the initial phase of schools’ development work, which is undertaken at the initiative of local educational authorities. The study has an action research design with four participating schools and school leadership groups. Overall, the study shows how leadership practices that are characterised by distributed and interactive “close-up” leadership as well as by context-sensitive and value-conscious action orientations and choices are developed through the initial phase. The work of the leadership groups, led by the principals, is anchored in the schools’ professional community by focusing on values and the schools’ practice of adapted education in joint meaning making actions with clear links to the plan from the local educational authorities. Based on the findings of the study, we discuss how leadership practices can have an impact on further development work and development in the schools before concluding and pointing out some of the study’s implications and limitations.
Leder: Engageret forskning og demokrati på arbejdspladsen
Authors: Husted Mia , Ravn Johan Elvemo
Published: March 2024

Vi anser et revitaliseret og styrket demokrati, der er åbent for forandring, for at være et mål, der er enighed om. Men aktuel udvikling i organisationer, arbejdsliv og samfund peger på en kompleksitet, der kalder på fornyelse og udvikling af den videnbase, der kan danne grundlag for revitaliseringen af den skandinaviske tradition for engageret forskning og demokratisering af arbejdslivet. Derfor sætter dette temanummer af Forskning og Forandring fokus på, hvordan engageret forskning kan spille en vigtig rolle i forhold til at understøtte, forstå og forny demokratisk udvikling af arbejdsliv, kultur og samfund.
Places of Learning: A Discussion of Radcliffe’s Framework for Learning Spaces in Light of Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology
Authors: De Caro-Barek Veruska , Lysne Dag Atle , Støckert Robin , Solbjørg Ole K. , Flem Røren Kari Anne
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a discussion of Radcliffe’s pedagogy-space-technology (PST) framework for the development, implementation, and evaluation of learning spaces in light of Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception. The following research questions have guided the theoretical discussion: In which ways can Merleau-Ponty’s body-subject phenomenology enlighten Radcliffe’s framework? How can Merleau-Ponty’s body-subject paradigm be integrated into the development and implementation of hybrid learning environments? The reference to an exploratory case study within the frame of a larger research project will support the theoretical argumentation. In the study, the genesis of an innovative learning environment linked to a cross-institution master’s program located at two Norwegian universities will serve as an example.
Digital Technology, Young Children with Disabilities, and Preschool Inclusion: An Observation Study in the Context of the Swedish Preschool
Authors: Lundqvist Johanna , Arvidsson Patrik
Published: March 2024

Currently, inclusion is embraced, and the digitalisation of society is one of the salient issues of our time. The aim here is to describe and analyse the use of digital technology and online activities in inclusive preschools in the context of the Swedish preschool. Direct semi-structured observations were conducted in seven inclusive preschools. The results show that various digital technologies and online activities have been implemented, and that these technologies and activities facilitate and enhance preschool inclusion in several ways, both directly and indirectly. The study expands our knowledge about digital technology, young children with disabilities, and preschool inclusion.
Comparing the Indices predictive of the thermal injury outcome
Authors: Zhirkova E A. , Spiridonova T. G. , Sachkov A. V. , Medvedev A. O. , Eliseenkova E. I. , Borisov I. G. , Rogal M. L. , Petrikov S. S.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. While developing the algorithms for diagnosis and treatment of patients with thermal injury, an injury outcome prediction index with the best predictive properties should be used.

Aim. To compare the predictive properties of the Revised Frank Index and other specialized indices.

Material and methods. A retrospective observational study included 307 patients with thermal injury, of whom 80 (26%) died. We compared the discriminatory ability, as well as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, the accuracy of the diagnostic test in relation to predicting a fatal outcome for 8 specialized prediction indices: RFI, FI, Baux, RBS, PBI, ABSI, BOBI, and Ryan.

Results. RFI showed the largest area under the ROC curve: 0.942 [0.913–0.971], other indices had a smaller area: FI 0.827 [0.768–0.886], Baux 0.860 [0.811–0.909], RBS  0.891 [0.848–0.933], PBI 0.893 [0.848–0.937], ABSI 0.838 [0.786–0.890], BOBI 0.865 [0.819–0.910], Ryan 0.816 [0.764–0.869]. The Ryan index had the highest sensitivity (95%), but its specificity (49%) was the lowest, and the proportion of false positive results was 60%. The RBS index had high sensitivity (84%) and specificity (80%), but the false positive rate was 40%. The RFI and PBI indices showed similar sensitivity (81%), however, the proportion of false positive results for RFI (23%) was lower than that of PBI (39%) and all other indices, and the RFI accuracy in predicting the outcome was the highest among the other indices, making 89%.

Conclusion. The predictive properties of the Revised Frank Index are better than those of other specialized indices.
Perioperative regional anaesthesia in kidney transplantation
Authors: Sharipova V. Kh. , Siyabaev F. Kh. , Alimov A. Kh. , Sadikov M. M.
Published: March 2024

Background. Postoperative analgesia in kidney transplant recipients is challenging due to potential nephrotoxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the reduced clearance of opioid metabolites during transient renal impairment. Opioid-sparing multimodal postoperative analgesia using regional analgesia methods could provide better pain control and early activation after kidney transplantation.

Aim. To evaluate the clinical results of treatment using regional pain management methods in kidney transplant recipients.

Material and methods. A single-center study was conducted at Republican Research Center of Emergency Medicine from 2020 to 2022. The study included 97 patients who underwent heterotopic kidney transplantation from a living related donor. Patients were divided into 3 groups. In group 1 (31 patients), general anesthesia was used. For postoperative analgesia opioid analgesics in combination with metamizole 1000 mg were used. In group 2 (33 recipient patients), a combination of general anesthesia and open transversus abdominis plane block was used. In group 3 (33 recipient patients), a combination of general anesthesia and erector spine plane block was performed. Opioid analgesics were used as a "rescue analgesia" when necessary. The primary study end points were the pain intensity assessed by a visual analogue scale and opioid consumption on the first day after surgery. Secondary endpoints were the time of intestinal motility recovery, the presence of nausea and vomiting, the Intensive Care Unit length of stay and the hospital length of stay.

Results. Pain intensity 6 hours after surgery in patients of group 1 was 13.5% and 24.6% higher than in patients of group 2 and 3, respectively. In group 2, pain intensity was 12.8% higher compared to group 3 (p=0.0017). At 12 hours after surgery, the pain intensity was 42% higher in group 1 compared to group 2 and group 3 (p<0.0001). After 18 hours, the pain score in group 3 was 48.5% and 35.7% lower compared to groups 1 and 2, respectively (p<0.0001 and p=0.0016). 24 hours after surgery, the sensation of pain was 18.6% and 65.3% higher in group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3 (p<0.0001). The mean dose of narcotic analgesic equivalent to morphine in group 1 was 22.6±8.6 mg, which was 18.5% higher than in group 2 patients. In group 3, it was 12.0±4.3 mg and was 47% lower compared to group 1 (p<0.0001) and 34.7% lower compared to group 2 (p<0.0001) (all comparisons are statistically significant). The adequacy of analgesia and less opioid consumption contributed to the absence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in 75% of cases, early restoration of intestinal motility in 63% compared with the group of patients where opioid analgesics were used for postoperative pain relief.

Conclusion. The combined use of general anesthesia and erector spine plane block may be recommended as a method of effective perioperative analgesia in kidney transplantation.