bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining Solid Additive's Pivotal Role on Morphology Regulation in Organic Solar Cells Produced by Layer‐by‐layer Deposition
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Luo Yongmin , Dela Peña Top Archie , Yao Jia , Qammar Menoona , Li Mingjie , Yan He , Wu Jiaying , Ma Ruijie , Li Gang
Published: March 2024

Herein, two emerging device optimization methods, solid additive and layer‐by‐layer (LBL) process, for organic solar cells (OSCs) are simultaneously studied. Through traditional blend cast and recently proposed identical solvent LBL cast, BDCB (2‐monobromo‐1,3‐dichloro‐bezene), a benzene derivative, is used to improve the device performance based on celebrity combination PM6:L8‐BO. The results reveal that finely optimized BDCB concentration in PM6 solution can push the efficiency of LBL to 19.03% compared to blend cast with only 18.12% while the power conversion efficiency (PCE) changing trend is determined by BDCB's ratio in L8‐BO's precursor. The morphology characterizations confirm there exists no significant stratification for LBL‐processed devices, supported by a previously reported swelling‐intercalation‐phase separation (SIPS) model. Thereby, the solid additive's 2D optimization is considered a smart strategy for finely tuning the SIPS process, which results in various final morphology states. This work not only reports a cutting‐edge efficiency for binary OSCs, but also new insight and deep understanding for LBL method‐based morphology optimization strategy development.
Synthetic Peptides: Promising Modalities for the Targeting of Disease‐Related Nucleic Acids
Authors: Ellenbroek Brecht D. , Kahler Jan Pascal , Evers Sophie R. , Pomplun Sebastian J.
Published: March 2024

DNA and RNA play pivotal roles in life processes by storing and transferring genetic information, modulating gene expression, and contributing to essential cellular machinery such as ribosomes. Dysregulation and mutations in nucleic acid‐related processes are implicated in numerous diseases. Despite the critical impact on health of nucleic acid mutations or dysregulation, therapeutic compounds addressing these biomolecules remain limited. Peptides have emerged as a promising class of molecules for biomedical research, offering potential solutions for challenging drug targets. This review focuses on the use of synthetic peptides to target disease‐related nucleic acids. We discuss examples of peptides targeting double‐stranded DNA, including the clinical candidate Omomyc, and compounds designed for regulatory G‐quadruplexes. Further, we provide insights into both library‐based screenings and the rational design of peptides to target regulatory human RNA scaffolds and viral RNAs, emphasizing the potential of peptides in addressing nucleic acid‐related diseases.
Unveiling the Mysteries: Acetonitrile's Dance with Weakly‐Solvating Electrolytes in Shaping Gas Evolution and Electrochemical Performance of Zinc‐ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Zhenrui , Li Yihu , Amardeep Amardeep , Shao Yijia , Zhang Yue , Zou Jian , Wang Liping , Xu Jia , Kasprzak Dawid , Hansen Evan J. , Liu Jian
Published: March 2024

Aqueous Zn‐metal battery (AZMB) is a promising candidate for future large‐scale energy storage with commendable capacity, exceptional safety characteristics, and low cost. Acetonitrile (AN) has been widely used as an effective electrolyte constituent to improve AZMBs’ performance. However, its functioning mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we unveiled the critical roles of AN in AZMBs via comparative in situ electrochemical, gaseous, and morphological analyses. Despite its limited ability to solvate Zn ions, AN‐modulated Zn‐ion solvation sheath with increased anions and decreased water achieves a weakly‐solvating electrolyte. As a result, the Zn||Zn cell with AN addition exhibited 63 times longer cycle life than cell without AN and achieved a 4 Ah cm−2 accumulated capacity with no H2 generation. In V2O5||Zn cells, for the first time, AN suppressing CO2 generation, elevating CO2‐initiation voltage from 2→2.44 V (H2: 2.43→2.55 V) was discovered. AN‐impeded transit and Zn‐side deposition of dissolved vanadium ions, known as “crosstalk,” ameliorated inhomogeneous Zn deposition and dendritic Zn growth. At last, we demonstrated an AN‐enabled high‐areal‐capacity AZMB (3.3 mAh cm−2) using high‐mass‐loading V2O5 cathode (26 mg cm−2). This study shed light on the strategy of constructing fast‐desolvation electrolytes and offered insights for future electrolyte accommodation for high‐voltage AZMB cathodes.
Fabrication of Self‐Expanding Metal–Organic Cages Using a Ring‐Openable Ligand
Authors: Nishijima Ami , Osugi Yuto , Uemura Takashi
Published: March 2024

Metal–organic cages (MOCs), which are formed via coordination‐driven assembly, are being extensively developed for various applications owing to the utility of their accessible molecular‐sized cavity. While MOC structures are uniquely and precisely predetermined by the metal coordination number and ligand configuration, tailoring MOCs to further modulate the size, shape, and chemical environment of the cavities has become intensively studied for a more efficient and adaptive molecular binding. Herein, we report self‐expanding MOCs that exhibit remarkable structural variations in cage size and flexibility while maintaining their topology. A cyclic ligand with an oligomeric chain tethering the two benzene rings of stilbene was designed and mixed with RhII ions to obtain the parent MOCs. These MOCs were successfully transformed into expanded MOCs via the selective cleavage of the double bond in stilbene. The expanded MOCs could effectively trap multidentate N‐donor molecules in their enlarged cavity, in contrast to the original MOCs with a narrow cavity. As the direct synthesis of expanded MOCs is impractical because of the entropically disfavored structures, self‐expansion using ring‐openable ligands is a promising approach that allows precision engineering and the production of functional MOCs that would otherwise be inaccessible.
Synthetic Genes For Dynamic Regulation Of DNA‐Based Receptors
Authors: Sorrentino Daniela , Ranallo Simona , Nakamura Eiji , Franco Elisa , Ricci Francesco
Published: March 2024

We present a strategy to control dynamically the loading and release of molecular ligands from synthetic nucleic acid receptors using in vitro transcription. We demonstrate this by engineering three model synthetic DNA‐based receptors: a triplex‐forming DNA complex, an ATP‐binding aptamer, and a hairpin strand, whose ability to bind their specific ligands can be cotranscriptionally regulated (activated or inhibited) through specific RNA molecules produced by rationally designed synthetic genes. The kinetics of our DNA sensors and their genetically generated inputs can be captured using differential equation models, corroborating the predictability of the approach used. This approach shows that highly programmable nucleic acid receptors can be controlled with molecular instructions provided by dynamic transcriptional systems, illustrating their promise in the context of coupling DNA nanotechnology with biological signaling.
Principles and Design of Biphasic Self‐Stratifying Batteries Toward Next‐Generation Energy Storage
Authors: Wang Zhenkang , Zhou Jinqiu , Ji Haoqing , Liu Jie , Zhou Yang , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin
Published: March 2024

Large‐scale energy storage devices play pivotal roles in effectively harvesting and utilizing green renewable energies (such as solar and wind energy) with capricious nature. Biphasic self‐stratifying batteries (BSBs) have emerged as a promising alternative for grid energy storage owing to their membraneless architecture and innovative battery design philosophy, which holds promise for enhancing the overall performance of the energy storage system and reducing operation and maintenance costs. This minireview aims to provide a timely review of such emerging energy storage technology, including its fundamental design principles, existing categories, and prototype architectures. The challenges and opportunities of this undergoing research topic will also be systematically highlighted and discussed to provide guidance for the subsequent R&D of superior BSBs while conducive to bridging the gap for their future practical application.
Novel thiosemicarbazone complexes as anticancer agents: Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, docking, and density functional theory studies
Authors: Ali Amira A. M. , Fouad Rania
Published: March 2024

New Co (II), Ni (II), and Cu (II) complexes based on ρ‐dimethylaminobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (DABT) as chelating agents were synthesized. The structure of the three complexes was determined by elemental analysis and TGA with IR, UV–Vis, XRD, ESR spectra, conductivity, and magnetic measurements. It was found that the isolated DABT complexes have tetrahedral structure with a neutral nature. The antitumor activity of DABT complexes using viability assay was examined against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG‐2). The DABT complexes have moderate activity with respect to the standard drugs. DABT–Ni (II) complex has higher antitumor activity (IC50 = 12 μM) than the other DABT complexes. In addition, a molecular docking study was performed for DABT and its complexes to investigate their therapeutic features as topoisomerase inhibitors. It is clear that the most effective compound was DABT–Ni (II) complex to bind to 3QX3. Also, density functional theory calculations with the structure–activity relationship were computed for DABT and its complexes using the Gaussian program. There was confirmation between the obtained theoretical data and the experimental studies.
Effect of interfacial sacrificial bonds on the vulcanization and mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber/talcum powder composites
Authors: Wang Qilai , He Guangyang , Shen Xianrong , Cong Houluo , Wang Bikuan , Tian Jianjian , Xiang Yixin
Published: March 2024

Talcum powder (Talc) contains large amounts of silica; however, its poor surface compatibility with diene rubber makes it difficult to develop its application in styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR). Herein, a method to enhance the compatibility of Talc with SBR via interfacial sacrificial bonds of 4‐vinylpyridine and Mg2+/Zn2+ is proposed. Poly(isoprene‐co‐4‐vinylpyridine) copolymers, designated PIPVP‐10 and PIPVP‐20, were synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. PM1‐Talc and PM2‐Talc were obtained by spraying PIPVP‐10 and PIPVP‐20 solutions onto the Talc surface, followed by drying. During thermal vulcanization, the double bonds in the copolymers can be grafted directly onto the rubber skeleton. The vulcanization rates of the SBR/PM1‐Talc and SBR/PM2‐Talc complexes were accelerated by 65% and 77%, respectively, compared with that of SBR/Talc. Simultaneously, the interfacial interaction between SBR and Talc is enhanced owing to the formation of metal–ligand bonds between pyridine and Mg2+/Zn2+. As a result, the tensile strengths of SBR/PM1‐Talc and SBR/PM2‐Talc are 5.8 and 7.9 MPa, 65% and 127% higher than that of SBR/Talc (3.5 MPa).
Development of a machine‐learning model for microplastic analysis in an FT‐IR microscopy image
Authors: Choi Eunwoo , Choi Yejin , Lee Hyoyoung , Kim Jae‐Woo , Oh Han Bin
Published: March 2024

The escalating concern regarding microplastics (MPs) in the environment has recently accentuated the need for comprehensive analyses across various matrices. Fourier Transfrom Infrared (FT‐IR) microscopy is widely used method for MP identification, but challenges arise due to the presence of secondary materials on real samples, causing inaccuracies in spectral matching. To tackle this issue, we propose a solution: a 1D‐convolution neural network (1D‐CNN) machine‐learning model classifying FT‐IR spectra into 16 polymer species. Using a dataset of 5413 spectra, with 80% (4330) for training and 20% (1083) for external testing, our method achieved 98.59% accuracy for cross‐validation and 92.34% for external validation. This study underscores the efficacy of machine learning in discerning polymer types among MPs, even in real samples tainted by secondary materials. The implementation of our 1D‐CNN model marks a significant leap in overcoming conventional method limitations, providing a robust tool for accurately unraveling MPs intricacies in environmental matrices.
Comparison of genomic alterations in Epstein–Barr virus‐positive and Epstein–Barr virus‐negative diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Liu Fang , Tian Sufang , Liu Qing , Deng Yuanfei , He Qingyan , Shi Qianyun , Chen Gang , Xu Xiuli , Yuan Jiayin , Nakamura Shigeo , Karube Kennosuke , Wang Zhe
Published: March 2024

Background

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (EBV‐posDLBCL) is an aggressive B‐cell lymphoma that often presents similar morphological and immune phenotype features to that of EBV‐negative DLBCL (EBV‐negDLBCL).

Aims and Methods

To better understand their difference in genomic landscape, we performed whole‐exome sequencing (WES) of EBV‐posDLBCL and EBV‐negDLBCL.

Results

This analysis revealed a new mutational signature 17 (unknown) and signature 29 (smoking) in EBV‐posDLBCL as well as a specific mutational signature 24 (associated with aflatoxin) in EBV‐negDLBCL. Compared with EBV‐negDLBCL, more somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) and deletions were detected in EBV‐posDLBCL (p = 0.01). The most frequent CNAs specifically detected in EBV‐posDLBCL were gains at 9p24.1 (PDL1 and JAK2), 8q22.2‐q24.23 (DEPTOR and MYC), and 7q31.31‐q32.2 (MET), which were validated in additional EBV‐posDLBCL cases. Overall, 53.7% (22/41) and 62.9% (22/35) of the cases expressed PD‐L1 and c‐MET, respectively, in neoplastic cells, whereas only 15.4% (4/26) expressed c‐MYC. Neoplastic c‐MET expression was positively correlated with PD‐L1 (p < 0.001) and MYC expression (p = 0.016). However, EBV‐posDLBCL cases did not show any differences in overall survival between PD‐L1‐, c‐MET‐, or c‐MYC‐positive and ‐negative cases or between age‐related groups. Analysis of the association between somatic mutation load and EBV status showed no difference in the distribution of tumor mutant burden between the two lymphomas (p = 0.41). Recurrent mutations in EBV‐posDLBCL implicated several genes, including DCAF8L1, KLF2, and NOL9, while in EBV‐negDLBCL, ANK2, BPTF, and CNIH3 were more frequently mutated. Additionally, PIM1 is the most altered gene in all the WES‐detected cases.

Conclusions

Our results confirm that genomic alteration differs significantly between EBV‐posDLBCL and EBV‐negDLBCL, and reveal new genetic alterations in EBV‐posDLBCL. The positive correlation of c‐MET and PD‐L1/c‐Myc expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of EBV‐posDLBCL, which is should be explored prospectively in trials involving MET‐directed therapies.
Mixed treatment for same‐severe mixed urinary incontinence: A novel method
Authors: Hamidi Alamdari Daryoush , Douzandeh Armina , Keshvari Shirvan Maliheh , Narouie Behzad , Radpour Negar
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Innovative mixed treatment offers hope for persistent mixed urinary incontinence (MUI): PRP‐Fibrin Glue‐Stem Cell injection, Botox, and TVT in a single session. Successful case study reveals promising outcomes, emphasizing the need for further research.

Mixed urinary incontinence is a complaint of stress and urge incontinence which affects patients' quality of life and dramatic changes in patients' physical, mental, and socioeconomic status. The treatment is challenging and depends on the dominance of one of the complaints to the other. The progress in the method of treatment is still under discussion. This study reports treatment of a MUI case in a 56‐year‐old, with a history of MUI of 7‐year duration, which was persistent to pharmacological treatment, pelvic muscle training, biofeedback, and anti‐incontinence surgery (Burch Colposuspension). PRP‐Fibrin Glue‐Stem Cell injection, Botox injection, and TVT were performed in a one surgery session. Patient was discharged with ability to urinate with acceptable amount of post void residue. After 3‐month follow‐up, patient was completely satisfied and happy. Further research is needed to substantiate the efficacy of these mixed treatments for MUI.
Approach using the bath preparation containing rice extract for severe pruritus in a patient receiving hemodialysis: A case report
Authors: Suzuki Hiroshi , Yamauchi Katsuya , Uchida Shinya
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Severe pruritus in a hemodialysis patient who had difficulty applying topical medication markedly reduced with the use of bath preparation containing rice extract. The bath preparation could be effective and an option for treating pruritus.
Kayser–Fleischer rings: The pathognomonic for Wilson's disease
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Subedi Bachaspati , Mahato Devraj , Karn Mitesh
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder of copper metabolism that primarily manifests with hepatic and neurological features. Kayser–Fleischer rings (KF rings) are pathognomonic of Wilson's disease and helps in establishing its diagnosis.
0.6‐V CMOS bulk‐driven instrumentation amplifier for IoMT bioimpedance analysis
Authors: Carrillo Juan M. , Ocampo‐Hidalgo Juan J. , Corbacho Israel , de la Cruz‐Blas Carlos A. , Domínguez Miguel Á.
Published: March 2024

An instrumentation amplifier (IA), aimed at wideband bioimpedance analysis in the low‐voltage low‐power scenario of internet of medical things (IoMT), is presented. The operation principle is based on the indirect current feedback technique, where an input and a feedback transconductor determine the voltage gain of the preamplifier. The required transconductors consist of two bulk‐driven flipped‐voltage‐follower cells and an active pseudo‐resistor, thus leading to a linear and compact implementation. The circuit has been designed and fabricated in 180 nm CMOS technology to operate with a 0.6‐V supply. Experimental results obtained from measurements on eight samples of the silicon prototype show that when the IA is programmed to have a nominal voltage gain of 11 V/V, the bandwidth is 316.2 kHz, the CMRR exceeds 63 dB, and the maximum output voltage that can be processed with a THD below –40 dB is 555 mV
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Histone lactylation bridges metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic rewiring in driving carcinogenesis: Oncometabolite fuels oncogenic transcription
Authors: Zhang Yu , Song Hang , Li Meili , Lu Peirong
Published: March 2024

Heightened lactate production in cancer cells has been linked to various cellular mechanisms such as angiogenesis, hypoxia, macrophage polarisation and T‐cell dysfunction. The lactate‐induced lactylation of histone lysine residues is noteworthy, as it functions as an epigenetic modification that directly augments gene transcription from chromatin. This epigenetic modification originating from lactate effectively fosters a reliance on transcription, thereby expediting tumour progression and development. Herein, this review explores the correlation between histone lactylation and cancer characteristics, revealing histone lactylation as an innovative epigenetic process that enhances the vulnerability of cells to malignancy. Moreover, it is imperative to acknowledge the paramount importance of acknowledging innovative therapeutic methodologies for proficiently managing cancer by precisely targeting lactate signalling. This comprehensive review illuminates a crucial yet inadequately investigated aspect of histone lactylation, providing valuable insights into its clinical ramifications and prospective therapeutic interventions centred on lactylation.
Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, erythrocyte, and platelet in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Yano Masamichi , Nishino Masami , Kawanami Shodai , Ukita Kohei , Kawamura Akito , Yasumoto Koji , Tsuda Masaki , Okamoto Naotaka , Matsunaga‐Lee Yasuharu , Egami Yasuyuki , Yamada Takahisa , Yasumura Yoshio , Seo Masahiro , Hayashi Takaharu , Nakagawa Akito , Nakagawa Yusuke , Tamaki Shunsuke , Sotomi Yohei , Nakatani Daisaku , Hikoso Shungo , Sakata Yasushi ,   the Osaka CardioVascular Conference (OCVC)‐Heart Failure Investigators
Published: March 2024

Aims

Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), anaemia and low platelets have been associated with worse clinical outcomes in heart failure patients. We investigated the relationship between the combination of these three components and clinical outcome in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods and results

We examined the data of 1021 patients with HFpEF hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (HF) from the PURSUIT‐HFpEF registry, a prospective, multicenter observational study. The enrolled patients were classified into four groups by an LEP (LDL‐C, Erythrocyte, and Platelet) score of 0 to 3 points, with 1 point each for LDL‐C, erythrocyte and platelet values less than the cut‐off values as calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The endpoint, a composite of all‐cause death and HF readmission, was evaluated among the four groups. Median follow‐up duration was 579 [300, 978] days. Risk of the composite endpoint significantly differed among the four groups (P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the groups with an LEP score of 2 had higher risk of the composite endpoint than those with an LEP score of 0 or 1 (P < 0.001, and P = 0.013, respectively), while those with an LEP score of 3 had higher risk than those with an LEP score of 0, 1 or 2 (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P = 0.020, respectively). Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that an LEP score of 3 was significantly associated with the composite endpoint (P = 0.030). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that risk of the composite of all‐cause death and HF readmission was significantly higher in low LDL values (less than the cut‐off values as calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis) patients with statin use than in those without statin use (log rank P = 0.002).

Conclusions

LEP score, which comprehensively reflects extra‐cardiac co‐morbidities, is significantly associated with clinical outcomes in HFpEF patients.
Enantioselective analysis of the pesticide imazamox after in vitro permeability study in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Serpellone Carolina Oliveira , Barbetta Maike Felipe Santos , Perovani Icaro Salgado , Ballestero Giulia , de Albuquerque Nayara Cristina Perez , de Oliveira Anderson Rodrigo Moraes
Published: March 2024

Imazamox (IMX), a chiral herbicide used in cereals and oilseed crops to control weeds, is commonly sold as a racemic mixture. Its enantiomers, being chiral compounds, may exhibit unique properties when exposed to chiral environments. While IMX enantiomers have been reported to degrade differently in soil and be toxic to some species, their effects on human systems remain poorly understood. This study utilized Caco‐2 (human colon adenocarcinoma cell line) cells to assess the in vitro permeability of a racemic mixture of IMX and its isolated enantiomers. Additionally, the study aimed to evaluate whether the metabolite imazamox‐O‐desmethyl (IMX‐D) forms during the permeability process. An enantioselective chromatographic method was developed, fully validated, and the apparent permeability values were obtained. The apparent permeability of rac‐IMX, (+)‐IMX, and (−)‐IMX was determined to be 4.15 × 10–5, 5.78 × 10–5, and 7.33 × 10–5 cm s–1, respectively. These findings suggest that IMX exhibits high intestinal permeability, with an enantioselective absorption for (–)‐IMX as compared to (+)‐IMX. Finally, the permeability study in Caco‐2 cells revealed that the metabolite IMX‐D was not generated.
Use of instructional videos to teach mechanical systems analysis based on the finite element method in a class with local and overseas students
Authors: Bozkurt Selim
Published: March 2024

Instructional videos have the advantage of delivering visual and verbal learning materials simultaneously and they can be used for teaching. The aim of this study is to evaluate the learning outcomes in Mechanical Systems Analysis based on the Finite Element Method for video‐based teaching blended with face‐to‐face education. Forty‐five students whose first languages are English, Mandarin and others participated in a survey to evaluate learning outcomes. The learning outcomes were analyzed using the one‐sample Chi‐square test or binomial test. The correlation between the usefulness of the text‐based and video‐based learning materials and the first language of the students was analyzed using the Pearson Chi‐square test. P values smaller than 0.05 were assumed to be statistically significant. Overall 34 students found video‐based learning materials very useful whereas 10 students found them useful resulting in a statistically significant difference. Twenty‐four students found text‐based learning materials very useful whereas 20 students found them useful without statistically significant difference. Student cohorts speaking English and Mandarin as their first language found video‐based learning materials significantly very useful. Video‐based learning materials can be used to improve learning outcomes in courses with computer applications and students can benefit from a blended teaching strategy regardless of their first language.
Harmonizing Efficiency and Bending Performance in Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells through Annealing Duration Optimization
Authors: Zhang Yang , Shi Yifeng , Wang Haonan , Zhang Guodong , Pan Anlian , Xiang Li , Zheng Yifan , Shao Yuchuan
Published: March 2024

Perovskite materials are promising candidates for flexible photovoltaic applications due to their high light absorption and low‐temperature processability. However, achieving high‐efficiency flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) typically requires annealing the films for extended periods at elevated temperatures to enhance crystalline quality. This poses a challenge, as prolonged or high‐temperature heating can cause deformation or cracking when using conventional flexible substrates for FPSCs. Overcoming the thermal instability of the substrate is essential for ensuring the high performance and stability of FPSCs. To address this issue, a feasible strategy to minimize the annealing duration is explored. The research unveils that a reduced annealing time of only 3 min can yield a perovskite film of comparable high quality to that achieved with conventional 15‐minute annealing, leading to an optimized power conversion efficiency of 21.97%. Moreover, the shortened annealing duration significantly enhances the bending performance of FPSCs, enabling them to maintain 90% of the original efficiency even after undergoing 5000 bends with a radius of 5 mm. These findings offer a practical and straightforward pathway to harmonize the exceptional efficiency and resilience properties of FPSCs.
Surgical management of status epilepticus: A systematic review
Authors: Jha Rohan , Blitz Sarah E. , Chua Melissa M. J. , Warren Aaron E. L. , Lee Jong Woo , Rolston John D.
Published: March 2024

Status Epilepticus (SE), unresponsive to medical management, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Surgical management is typically considered in these refractory cases. The best surgical approach for affected patients remains unclear; however, given the lack of controlled trials exploring the role of surgery. We performed a systematic review according to PRIMSA guidelines, including case reports and series describing surgical interventions for patients in SE. Cases (157 patients, median age 12.9 years) were followed for a median of 12 months. Patients were in SE for a median of 21 days before undergoing procedures including: focal resection (36.9%), functional hemispherectomy (21%), lobar resection (12.7%), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) (12.7%), deep brain stimulation (DBS) (6.4%), multiple subpial transection (MST) (3.8%), responsive neurostimulation (RNS) (1.9%), and cortical stimulator placement (1.27%), with 24 patients undergoing multiple procedures. Multiple SE semiologies were identified. 47.8% of patients had focal seizures, and 65% of patients had focal structural abnormalities on MRI. SE persisted for 36.8 ± 47.7 days prior to surgical intervention. SE terminated following surgery in 81.5%, terminated with additional adjuncts in 10.2%, continued in 1.9%, and was not specified in 6.4% of patients. Long‐term seizure outcomes were favorable, with the majority improved and 51% seizure‐free. Eight patients passed away in follow‐up, of which three were in SE. Seizures emerging from one hemisphere were both more likely to immediately terminate (OR 4.7) and lead to long‐term seizure‐free status (OR 3.9) compared to nonunilateral seizures. No other predictors, including seizure focality, SE duration, or choice of surgical procedure, were predictors of SE termination. Surgical treatment of SE can be effective in terminating SE and leading to sustained seizure freedom, with many different procedures showing efficacy if matched appropriately with SE semiology and etiology.

Plain Language Summary

Patients with persistent seizures (Status Epilepticus) that do not stop following medications can be treated effectively with surgery. Here, we systematically review the entirety of existing literature on surgery for treating status epilepticus to better identify how and when surgery is used and what patients do after surgery.
Local knowledge reconstructs historical resource use
Authors: Castello Leandro , Martins Eduardo G , Sorice Michael G , Smith Eric , Almeida Morgana , Bastos Gastao CC , Cardoso Luis G , Clauzet Mariana , Dopona Alisson P , Ferreira Beatrice , Haimovici Manuel , Jorge Marcelo , Mendonça Jocemar , Ávila‐da‐Silva Antonio O , Roman Ana PO , Ramires Milena , de Miranda Laura V , Lopes Priscila FM
Published: March 2024

Information on natural resource exploitation is vital for conservation but scarce in developing nations, which encompass most of the world and often lack the capacity to produce it. A growing approach to generate information about resource use in the context of developing nations relies on surveys of resource users about their recollections (recall) of past harvests. However, the reliability of harvest recalls remains unclear. Here, we show that harvest recalls can be as accurate to data collected by standardized protocols, despite that recalls are variable and affected by the age of the recollecting person and the length of time elapsed since the event. Samples of harvest recalls permit relatively reliable reconstruction of harvests for up to 39 years in the past. Harvest recalls therefore have strong potential to inform data‐poor resource systems and curb shifting baselines around the world at a fraction of the cost of conventional approaches.
Empowering equality: Advancing quality education in the contemporary global landscape
Authors: Odondi Walter
Published: March 2024

This comprehensive study investigates the multifaceted dimensions of education, with a primary emphasis on access, equity and quality in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic and Kenya's educational landscape. The research begins by highlighting the centrality of education as a transformative force for individuals and societies, with the goal of bridging disparities that impede progress. The study introduces the concept of ‘Learning Poverty’, highlighting the worldwide problem of children's inability to read and comprehend fundamental texts, which is especially prevalent in sub‐Saharan Africa. It highlights the dire consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic, exacerbating pre‐existing learning crises and exacerbating inequalities, particularly in regions already struggling with high rates of learning deprivation. In the context of Kenya, the research examines the nation's aspirations for equitable education with an emphasis on assuring access to quality secondary education, distributing resources' equitably, addressing disparities between public and private schools and promoting gender equity. It recognises ongoing efforts while addressing persistent barriers, such as low transition rates especially for girls. This research concludes by emphasising the critical significance of an unwavering commitment to well‐defined policy approaches and comprehensive reform initiatives to improve the quality and inclusiveness of education. It cautions against an overemphasis on privatisation and competition and urges a comprehensive reorganisation of policies and resource allocation in order to align with the Sustainable Development Goals. This study emphasises the importance of addressing educational disparities for global progress and the holistic development of children around the globe.
Well googled is half done: Multimodal forecasting of new fashion product sales with image‐based google trends
Authors: Skenderi Geri , Joppi Christian , Denitto Matteo , Cristani Marco
Published: March 2024

New fashion product sales forecasting is a challenging problem that involves many business dynamics and cannot be solved by classical forecasting approaches. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of systematically probing exogenous knowledge in the form of Google Trends time series and combining it with multi‐modal information related to a brand‐new fashion item, in order to effectively forecast its sales despite the lack of past data. In particular, we propose a neural network‐based approach, where an encoder learns a representation of the exogenous time series, while the decoder forecasts the sales based on the Google Trends encoding and the available visual and metadata information. Our model works in a non‐autoregressive manner, avoiding the compounding effect of large first‐step errors. As a second contribution, we present VISUELLE, a publicly available dataset for the task of new fashion product sales forecasting, containing multimodal information for 5,577 real, new products sold between 2016 and 2019 from Nunalie, an Italian fast‐fashion company. The dataset is equipped with images of products, metadata, related sales, and associated Google Trends. We use VISUELLE to compare our approach against state‐of‐the‐art alternatives and several baselines, showing that our neural network‐based approach is the most accurate in terms of both percentage and absolute error. It is worth noting that the addition of exogenous knowledge boosts the forecasting accuracy by 1.5% in terms of Weighted Absolute Percentage Error (WAPE), revealing the importance of exploiting informative external information. The code and dataset are both available online (at https://github.com/HumaticsLAB/GTM-Transformer).
New runs‐based approach to testing value at risk forecasts
Authors: Małecka Marta
Published: March 2024

The reformed Basel framework has left value at risk (VaR) as a basic tool of validating risk models. Within this framework, VaR independence tests have been regarded as critical to ensuring stability during periods of financial turmoil. However, until now, there is no consent among researchers regarding the choice of the appropriate test. The available procedures are either inaccurate in finite samples or need to rely on Monte Carlo simulations. To remedy these problems, we propose a new method for testing VaR models, based on the distribution of the number of runs. It outperforms the existing methods in two main aspects: First, it is exact in finite samples and thus allows for perfect control over the Type 1 error; second, its distribution is available in a closed form, so it does not require simulations before implementation. We show that it is the most adequate current procedure for testing low‐level VaR series, which corresponds to today's regulatory standards.
A joint autoencoder and classifier deep neural network for AD and MCI classification
Authors: Ganotra Reema , Gupta Shailender , Dora Shirin
Published: March 2024

In this article, we present a new approach to distinguish progressive mild cognitively impaired (pMCI) subjects, who eventually develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) from stable MCI (sMCI) subjects whose situation does not deteriorate into AD. The proposed approach combines the discriminating capabilities of classifiers and representation learning capacities of autoencoders into a unified architecture, and is hence termed as joint autoencoder and classifier deep neural network (JACDNN). JACDNN employs a single classifier and multiple autoencoders that are trained together to perform pattern classification. The classifier in JACDNN is trained using standard approaches to distinguish between subject from different classes using the binary cross entropy loss. The autoencoders in JACDNN, regularizes individual layers in the network used for classification to learn representations useful for reconstructing a given input. The performance of JACDNN has been evaluated on several machine learning problems pertaining to dementia, namely AD versus cognitively normal (CN) subjects, AD versus sMCI, CN versus pMCI, and pMCI versus sMCI. These problems are targeted using two datasets. The first dataset consist of gray matter (GM) features of subjects and the second dataset consist of combination of GM and white matter (WM) features. It is observed that better classification results are obtained when the classifier is built on GM and WM as compared with GM features alone. Performance comparison of JACDNN with other existing approaches has been conducted for these problems. The results clearly indicate that JACDNN performs better than other existing approaches for these problems.
Analysis of the experimental absorption spectrum of the rabbit lung and identification of its components
Authors: Pinheiro Maria R. , Tuchin Valery V. , Oliveira Luís M.
Published: March 2024

The broadband absorption coefficient spectrum of the rabbit lung presents some particular characteristics that allow the identification of the chromophores in this tissue. By performing a weighted combination of the absorption spectra of water, hemoglobin, DNA, proteins and the pigments melanin and lipofuscin, it was possible to obtain a good match to the experimental absorption spectrum of the lung. Such reconstruction provided reasonable information about the contents of the tissue components in the lung tissue, and allowed to identify a similar accumulation of melanin and lipofuscin.
Biosafety and chemical solubility studies of multiscale crystal‐reinforced lithium disilicate glass‐ceramics
Authors: Zhang Tong , Liu Jinrong , Qi Jin , Sun Lingxiang , Liu Xiaoming , Yan Jingyu , Zhang Yanjie , Wu Xiuping , Li Bing
Published: March 2024

Lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) glass‐ceramics are currently a more widely used all‐ceramic restorative material due to their good mechanical properties and excellent aesthetic properties. However, they have a series of problems such as high brittleness and low fracture toughness, which has become the main bottleneck restricting its development. Therefore, in order to compensate for these shortcomings, we propose to prepare a reinforced glass‐ceramics with better mechanical properties and to test the biosafety and chemical solubility of the material. Li2Si2O5 whiskers were synthesized by a one‐step hydrothermal method, and multi‐scale crystal‐enhanced Li2Si2O5 glass‐ceramics were prepared by reaction sintering. The biosafety of multi‐scale crystal‐reinforced Li2Si2O5 glass‐ceramics was investigated by in vitro cytotoxicity test, rabbit pyrogen test, mice bone marrow micronucleus test, skin sensitization test, sub‐chronic systemic toxicity test, and chronic systemic toxicity test. Additionally, the chemical solubility of multi‐scale crystal‐reinforced Li2Si2O5 glass‐ceramics was investigated. The test results showed that the material was non‐cytotoxic, non‐thermogenic, non‐mutagenic, non‐sensitizing, and non‐systemic. The chemical solubility, determined to be 377 ± 245 μg/cm2, complied with the ISO 6872 standard for the maximum solubility of ceramic materials. Multi‐scale crystal‐reinforced Li2Si2O5 glass‐ceramics' biosafety and chemical solubility met current normative criteria, and they can move on to mechanical property measurements (such as flexural strength test, fatigue life test, friction and wear property study, etc.) and bonding property optimization, which shows promise for future clinical applications.
The effect of confession evidence on conviction, and considering alternative scenarios as remedy in a sample of police officers
Authors: Niccolson Neville , Rassin Eric
Published: March 2024

In order to prevent tunnel vision and ultimately miscarriages of justice, police, prosecutors and judges must remain open to alternative scenarios in which the suspect is in fact innocent. However, it is not evident from the literature that people are sufficiently aware of how alternative scenarios should be employed in the decision making process. In the present research, 230 Dutch police officers read one of three versions of a case description. In the first version, there was strong evidence against the primary suspect. In the second version, the suspect additionally confessed, increasing the body of incriminating evidence. In the third version, the suspect confessed, but before deciding on their conviction, participants were instructed to consider how well each piece of evidence fitted in the primary but also in the alternative scenario (in which the crime was committed by an alternative suspect). Contrary to expectations, the confession did not increase conviction and the alternative‐scenario consideration did not suppress conviction. Implications of these null findings are discussed.
Introducing fitting models for estimating age‐specific dose and effective dose in paediatric patients undergoing head, chest and abdomen–pelvis imaging protocols: a patient study
Authors: Deevband Mohammad Reza , Mohammadi Habib , Salimi Yazdan , Mostaar Ahmad , Deravi Niloofar , Fathi Mobina , Vakili Kimia , Yaghoobpoor Shirin , Ghorbani Mehdi , Divband Abolhasan , Tavakoli Meysam
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Concerns regarding the adverse consequences of radiation have increased due to the expanded application of computed tomography (CT) in medical practice. Certain studies have indicated that the radiation dosage depends on the anatomical region, the imaging technique employed and patient‐specific variables. The aim of this study is to present fitting models for the estimation of age‐specific dose estimates (ASDE), in the same direction of size‐specific dose estimates, and effective doses based on patient age, gender and the type of CT examination used in paediatric head, chest and abdomen–pelvis imaging.

Methods

A total of 583 paediatric patients were included in the study. Radiometric data were gathered from DICOM files. The patients were categorised into five distinct groups (under 15 years of age), and the effective dose, organ dose and ASDE were computed for the CT examinations involving the head, chest and abdomen–pelvis. Finally, the best fitting models were presented for estimation of ASDE and effective doses based on patient age, gender and the type of examination.

Results

The ASDE in head, chest, and abdomen–pelvis CT examinations increases with increasing age. As age increases, the effective dose in head and abdomen–pelvis CT scans decreased. However, for chest scans, the effective dose initially showed a decreasing trend until the first year of life; after that, it increases in correlation with age.

Conclusions

Based on the presented fitting model for the ASDE, these CT scan quantities depend on factors such as patient age and the type of CT examination. For the effective dose, the gender was also included in the fitting model. By utilising the information about the scan type, region and age, it becomes feasible to estimate the ASDE and effective dose using the models provided in this study.
The feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for accurate assessment of essential criteria in pharmaceutical industry by investigation of Metformin hydrochloride tableting process
Authors: Karimi Somayeh , Tavassoli Seyed Hassan
Published: March 2024

Analytical and real‐time technology in pharmaceutical manufacturing process is an important need to ensure that manufactured drugs are safe and effective. Raman spectroscopy is an emerging technique that is able to perform quantitative analysis nondestructively due to the molecular structure of many drugs. Monitoring the content uniformity and quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in the tablet preparation process, without the assistance of solvent, is one of the key concerns in the formulation design in order to provide stable, pure, and homogenous finished products. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using Raman data as an analytical method to quantify API, the intra‐ and inter‐sample uniformity of content in the tableting process of Metformin hydrochloride tablets (C4H11N5.HCl). Analysis of all standard samples for prediction of API uniformity represents an acceptable accuracy and precision with a relative standard deviation of 2.55%. Further investigation of tablets regarding to relative Raman intensity of some characteristic peaks demonstrates the amount of API content with an accuracy of ≥96%. These values have a good adaption with pharmacopeia monograph. Findings reveal that the Raman method can be routinely utilized for quantifying API, controlling the content uniformity and the stability of drugs in different stages of manufacturing.
Highly‐Linear and Wavelength‐Tunable Frequency‐Modulated Continuous‐Wave Hybrid‐Integrated Laser
Authors: Liu Chuxin , Guo Yuyao , Xu Ruiyang , Lu Liangjun , Li Yu , Chen Jianping , Zhou Linjie
Published: March 2024

Frequency‐sweeping laser sources play a critical role in the accurate 3D mapping of frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave (FMCW) LiDAR systems, whose chirp linearity greatly impacts the measurement precision. Although various pre‐distortion algorithms have been proposed to reduce chirp nonlinearity, these open‐loop methods can rapidly suppress the chirp nonlinearity but they are susceptible to environmental variations and often exhibit subpar performance in long‐range detection scenarios. In contrast, the electro–optical phase‐locked loop (EO‐PLL) serves as a real‐time linearizing solution for FMCW LiDAR, enabling high‐precision, high‐resolution, and long‐distance measurement capabilities. In this study, a III/V‐Si3N4 hybrid‐integrated external cavity laser (ECL) is used to generate an FMCW signal over a large wavelength tuning range of 68 nm. The maximum output optical power is 15.8 mW, and the intrinsic linewidth is 0.9 kHz. By modulating the phase shifter, an FMCW signal with a chirp bandwidth of 0.7 GHz is generated at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The pre‐distortion algorithm is combined with the gain‐tunable EO‐PLL system to suppress the chirp nonlinearity and frequency noise across multiple wavelengths, leading to a remarkable improvement in range precision from 202 to 4.2 cm when targeting a distance of 200 m.
Texas degree program to address Hispanic MH disparities
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: March 2024

Observing that Hispanic adults in Texas are struggling with mental health issues and are less likely to receive treatment compared with other ethnic groups, Texas A&M University‐Corpus Christi (TAMUCC) has launched a new online graduate degree program for counselors to work with Hispanic populations and address these barriers. The online master of science in professional counseling‐Hispanic mental health counseling program will commence in fall 2024.
Thermoelectric Properties of 2D Sn2SSe$Sn_{2}SSe$ Monolayer
Authors: Kaur Baljinder , Heena  , Khandy Shakeel Ahmad , Ahmad Syed Rashid , Albaqami Munirah D , Srinivasan Marutheeswaran , Patra Lokanath , Dhiman Shobhna , Kaur Kulwinder
Published: March 2024

2D Janus materials have drawn great interest in recent years due to their energy applications including thermoelectricity (TE) and photocatalysis. In this work, density functional theory and Boltzmann transport equations are coupled to look into the thermoelectric properties of monolayer. is an indirect bandgap semiconductor with a bandgap of 0.88 eV. This monolayer is chemically as well as dynamically stable. The thermoelectric parameters such as the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity due to electrons and phonons are explored along the zigzag and armchair orientation. The high value of electrical conductivity and low‐value lattice thermal conductivity along the zigzag orientation yields the high value of ZT = 1.93.