bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konsep Pengembangan DAS Cisangkuy
Authors: Rosdiana Rosa , Hapsari Rana Karinta , Kusuma Eka Oktarianto , Kusuma M. Syahril Badri
Published: January 2022

Sungai Cisangkuy merupakan salah satu bagian hulu dari sistem satuan Wilayah Sungai Citarum. Sungai ini mengalir dari Gunung Wayang di Selatan Bandung hingga Sungai Citarum di Kecamatan Dayeuhkolot Kabupaten Bandung. Pada studi ini, konsep pengembangan DAS Cisangkuy dilatarbelakangi oleh masalah yang terjadi di wilayah tersebut. Permasalahan sungai Cisangkuy yang paling sering terjadi adalah banjir. Titik banjir terparah berada di Kamasan, selain itu banjir juga terjadi dan hilir sungai, yakni pertemuan dengan Sungai Citarum. Salah satu penyebab banjir adalah rusaknya ekosistem sungai. Usaha menangulangi permasalahan sungai Cisangkuy perlu dilakukan secara terpadu, dalam hal ini dikembangkan konsep restorasi sungai. Konsep pengelolaan sungai Cisangkuy memperhatikan aspek: sosial-ekonomi, teknis/prasarana, lingkungan, dan kelembagaan.
Analisa Tegangan Mooring pada Floating breakwater Tipe Gergaji dengan Pemodelan Fisik
Authors: Sujantoko Sujantoko , Djatmiko Eko Budi , Wardhana Wisnu , Hidayatullah Aditya
Published: January 2022

Floating breakwater merupakan solusi alternatif dari penggunaan fixed breakwater karena dapat digunakan secara efektif di daerah pesisir dengan kondisi tertentu, desain yang fleksibel untuk dikembangkan, dan instalasinya lebih mudah. Salah satu aspek dasar dalam desain floating breakwater adalah sistem mooring, karena digunakan untuk menjaga struktur tersebut tetap pada posisinya dan selain itu juga akan mempengaruhi kinerjanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya tegangan mooring maksimum pada tali mooring melalui model fisik. Penelitian dilakukan pada floating breakwater tipe gergaji dan  pontoon sebagai pembanding. Model floating breakwater dibuat dari bahan Polylactid Acid dan model tali mooring digunakan jenis polyethylene. Pengujian fisik dilakukan di laboraturium wave flume dengan gelombang irregular dan variasi tinggi gelombang (Hs), periode gelombang (T), elevasi muka air (d), dan sudut mooring (q). Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh nilai tegangan mooring maksimum pada floating breakwater tipe gergaji dan tipe pontoon pada sudut mooring 30â° dan elevasi muka air 45 cm secara berturut turut yaitu 5,278 N dan 4,913 N, sedangkan tegangan terkecil terjadi pada sudut mooring 60â° dan elevasi muka air 41 cm secara berturut turut yaitu 1,030 N dan 1,273 N. Pada perbandingan nilai tegangan mooring antara floating breakwater tipe gergaji pada sudut mooring (30o, 45o, 60o) adalah lebih besar 10.82%-19.71%, 24.00-40.94%, dan 22.2%-39.42% terhadap tipe pontoon pada elevasi muka air 41cm, 43cm dan 45cm secara berturut-turut
Pengaruh Perubahan Tutupan Lahan terhadap Debit Banjir di Daerah Aliran Sungai Ciliwung Hulu
Authors: Farid Mohammad , Pratama Maryo Inri , Kuntoro Arno Adi , Adityawan Mohammad Bagus , Rohmat Faizal Immaddudin Wira , Moe Idham Riyando
Published: January 2022

Jakarta yang berfungsi sebagai pusat pemerintahan dan bisnis Indonesia seringkali mengalami permasalahan bencana banjir. Kejadian banjir yang terjadi tidak hanya disebabkan oleh tingginya intensitas hujan yang terjadi namun juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain, khususnya perubahan tutupan lahan yang memperkecil daerah resapan air hujan.. Studi ini merupakan suatu upaya untuk memprediksi dampak perubahan tutupan lahan yang terjadi terhadap dinamika banjir yang melanda ibu kota Negara Indonesia ini. Penelitian ini terbagi dalam 3 bagian yaitu pengumpulan data, pemodelan hidrologi dan analisis sensitivitas banjir terhadap perubahan tutupan lahan. Hidrograf Sintetis SCS CN digunakan untuk analisis hidrologi untuk mendapatkan peningkatan debit dan volume limpasan. Analisis hidrologi menunjukkan perubahan tutupan lahan berdasarkan tren yang tercatat menyebabkan peningkatan debit puncak dan volume limpasan pada tahun 2030 masing-masing sebesar 26% dan 24%. Namun demikian, dengan mengikuti Rencana Tata Ruang Kabupaten Bogor dan sekitarnya, peningkatan pengaruh banjir terhadap debit puncak dan volume limpasan dapat diminimalisir  hingga berturut-turut sebesar 5.26% dan 4.94%. Setiap 13 km2 kawasan hutan atau pertanian yang diubah menjadi kawasan perkotaan atau tanah kosong, debit puncak banjir dan volume limpasan meningkat sebesar 4.63% dan 4.34%.
A marca autoral na telenovela brasileira
Authors: Santos Matheus Effgen , Tavares Frederico de Mello Brandão
Published: January 2022

O presente trabalho investiga a construção da marca autoral de Gloria Perez a partir da criação de suas protagonistas femininas em telenovelas brasileiras. A investigação foi realizada tendo como recorte a telenovela A Força do Querer (2017) e centrou-se na personagem Ritinha, umas das protagonistas da história. A análise consistiu na problematização das características encontradas na personagem estudada, que integraram a construção de protagonistas de trabalhos anteriores da autora. Os resultados apontam para a elaboração de uma personagem protagonista pouco usual na ficção televisiva nacional e para a atualização de um estilo de escrita próprio de Gloria Perez.
A construção da verdade bolsonarista
Authors: Santos Allan
Published: January 2022

Em um contexto marcado pela crise da verdade, investigamos empiricamente como o bolsonarismo se apropria dos espaços digitais para a construção dos seus enunciados. Primeiramente, propomos uma revisão teórica que toma a mobilização discursiva do ressentimento decorrente do “poder masculino branco afrontado” como chave de leitura para a compreensão do regime de verdade contemporâneo marcado pela aliança entre o neoliberalismo e o neoconservadorismo. Em seguida, monitoramos as postagens de Jair Bolsonaro em sua página oficial no Facebook por 17 semanas, estabelecendo seis sentidos discursivos predominantes: ataques à imprensa, às instâncias independentes de poder e aos organismos de fomento à ciência, em oposição a um constante apelo ao nacionalismo, ao militarismo e à religiosidade.
Fragmentação visual e serialização na narrativa informacional de sites caça-cliques
Authors: Klein Eloisa
Published: January 2022

O texto analisa o modo como a narrativa é apropriada para as lógicas de leitura em sites de caça-clique, pela fragmentação do conteúdo, imagem como componente informativo e emocional (e gatilho para a ação de clique pelo usuário), hiperligação de páginas. Para a análise, consideramos a repercussão em um site caça-clique da notícia da recuperação de tartarugas nativas que eram mantidas aprisionadas em uma casa comum. O padrão narrativo transforma a lógica de enunciação informativa, com valorização da busca de imaginação e envolvimento do leitor, exploração de fragmentação imagética e textual com elementos de serialidade e reiterada busca de atenção por contínua progressão por hiperlinks -- o que não impede de haver o trato de questões de interesse público e relevância.
L’Union européenne entre crise de légitimité et crise d’identité. Le rôle du mythe et de l’identité culturelle dans le processus d’intégration européenne
Authors: VALE Giangiacomo
Published: January 2022

The paper explores the origins of the EU’s legitimacy crisis and highlights the im­portance of cultural identity as a foundation and as a unifying factor for Europe. Despite the economical and political progress of European integration, the emo­tional dimension of the union is almost absent, so that the Europeans’ sense of be­longing remains mainly national. The process of European integration has used a certain political mythology in order to generate a sense of identification and to le­gitimate itself. Nevertheless, the emotional impact of this mythology has not been able to compete with national ones. The European institutions recently launched initiatives aimed at promoting cultural integration and at giving rise to a new narra­tive for Europe, which should strengthen the sense of belonging and bridge the le­gitimacy gap. We are then facing the beginnings of a new phase of European inte­gration, centred on enhancing the cultural dimension of the union.
Pollinators: Their Relevance in Conservation and Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem
Authors: Nitharwal Mukesh , Rolania Rashmi , Singh Jatav Hanuman , Chandra Kailash , Ahmed Khan Mudassar , Kumawat Subhita , Kumar Attar Sanjay , Ram Dhaka Shish
Published: January 2022

Survival and reproduction of several wild plants and crops is mostly by insects pollinator, their recognition and importance have been increased in this climatic changing scenario, which affects the various aspects of their life cycle. According to an estimate, approximately 30,000 species of bees are known in entomology, and about 190 species of bees have been reported to be associated with pollination. There can be an established link between seed production and pollinator diversity, for the plants with a generalist pollination system. The increasing of human habitation affects insect pollinators in various ways, i.e. of habitat destruction, results in low availability of food sources, nesting, oviposition, resting, and mating sites. Pollinator availability restraints the geographical distribution of plant species, i.e. to develop an ecological niche of certain plant species. Failure of pollinator- plant interaction mutualism results in lower seed production and sometimes extirpation of plant population has been recorded. The declining pollinators’ population strengthens existing plant-pollinator interaction or allows new pant pollinator interaction to form. Maintaining the commercial and wild pollinator populations and preventing future shortages of pollination services, therefore, is extremely significant.
Molecular Informatics of Trypanothione Reductase of Leishmania major Reveals Novel Chromen-2-One Analogues as Potential Leishmanicides
Authors: K. Kwofie Samuel , B. Kwarko Gabriel , Broni Emmanuel , B. Adinortey Michael , D. Wilson Michael
Published: January 2022

Trypanothione reductase (TR), a flavoprotein oxidoreductase is an important therapeutic target for leishmaniasis. Ligand-based pharmacophore modelling and molecular docking were used to predict selective inhibitors against TR. Homology modelling was employed to generate a three-dimensional structure of Leishmania major trypanothione reductase (LmTR). A pharmacophore model used to screen a natural compound library generated 42 hits, which were docked against the LmTR protein. Compounds with lower binding energies were evaluated via in silico pharmacological profiling and bioactivity. Four compounds emerged as potential leads comprising Karatavicinol (7-[(2E,6E,10S)-10,11-dihydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6-dienoxy]chromen-2-one), Marmin (7-[(E,6R)-6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyloct-2-enoxy]chromen-2-one), Colladonin (7-[[(4aS)-6-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]methoxy]chromen-2-one), and Pectachol (7-[(6-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)methoxy]-6,8-dimethoxychromen-2-one) with good binding energies of −9.4, −9.3, 8.8, and −8.5 kcal/mol, respectively. These compounds bound effectively to the FAD domain of the protein with some critical residues including Asp35, Thr51, Lys61, Tyr198, and Asp327. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) computations corroborated their strong binding. The compounds were also predicted to possess anti-leishmanial activity. The molecules serves as templates for the design of potential drug candidates and can be evaluated in vitro with optimistic results in producing plausible attenuating infectivity in macrophages.
Genetic Modification and Application in Cassava, Sweetpotato and Yams
Authors: Emmanuel Norman Prince , K. Dzidzienyo Daniel , Yannah Karim Kumba , A. Beah Aloysius
Published: January 2022

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) and yams (Dioscorea spp.) are important root and tuber crops grown for food, feed and various industrial applications. However, their genetic gain potentials are limited by breeding and genetic bottlenecks for improvement of many desired traits. This book chapter covers the applications and potential benefits of genetic modification in breeding selected outcrossing root and tuber crops. It assesses how improvement of selected root and tuber crops through genetic modification overcomes both the high heterozygosity and serious trait separation that occurs in conventional breeding, and contributes to timely achievement of improved target traits. It also assesses the ways genetic modification improves genetic gain in the root and tuber breeding programs, conclusions and perspectives. Conscious use of complementary techniques such as genetic modification in the root and tuber breeding programs can increase the selection gain by reducing the long breeding cycle and cost, as well as reliable exploitation of the heritable variation in the desired direction.
Use of Insecticides in Nepal, Its Impact and Alternatives of Insecticides for Nepalese Farmers
Authors: Nyaupane Sushil
Published: January 2022

Nepal is an agrarian country whose population is primarily dependent on agriculture but the contribution to national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is low as expected. There are many constraints to agricultural crop production and the farmers are facing those problems in their day-to-day lives. Deployment of insecticides and others to mitigate various insects and pests is one of them. Although abundant with locally available plant resources for pest management, farmers, especially in commercial pocket areas, are primarily dependent on conventional pesticides and those chemicals have detrimental effects on human health, including various flora, fauna, and environment. Although the Nepal government has formulated an act and worked on that basis, there is plenty of room to work on. Since farmer knowledge and behavior have a positive impact on reducing the use of conventional insecticides and work on alternative measures for pest management, these sorts of programs should be prioritized by the Government of Nepal and its allied agricultural organizations.
Exhaustion of Vascular Accesses for Haemodialysis: Access by Thrombosed Vein
Authors: Rafael Vizcarra Arturo
Published: January 2022

I will describe, especially to professionals involved in vascular access, how recently occluded veins can be recanalized to implant a haemodialysis catheter. We recommend that it be a permanent one.
Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Gupta Gopila , Garg Vikas
Published: January 2022

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is one of the most common type of indolent non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma. It originates from germinal center B cells and has characteristic translocation t(11,14) involving immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (chromosome 14q32) and Bcl2 gene (chromosome 18q21) in 90% of patients. FL presents with lymphadenopathy and/or bone marrow involvement. Diagnosis is confirmed by histological examination of lymph nodes. FL is a slow growing tumor with frequent remission and relapses. Follicular lymphoma international prognostic index (FLIPI) and progression of disease within 24 months (POD24) are most important prognostic markers. Early-stage disease is usually treated with radiotherapy. Management of advanced stage depends on disease burden. Patients with advanced stage disease may be observed in case of low burden disease and those with high disease load require treatment with chemo-immunotherapy.
Revelation of Potentially Seismic Dangerous Tectonic Structures in a View of Modern Geodynamics of the Eastern Caucasus (Azerbaijan)
Authors: Kangarli Talat , Mammadli Tahir , Aliyev Fuad , Safarov Rafig , Kazimova Sabina
Published: January 2022

The stress state of the earth’s crust in the Eastern Caucasus, located in the zone of collision junction of the North Caucasian, South Caucasian, and Central Iranian continental massifs, is a consequence of the inclusion of the Arabian indenter into the buffer structures of the southern framing of Eurasia at the continental stage of alpine tectogenesis. This evidenced from the results of geophysical observations of the structure and seismic-geodynamic activity of the region’s crust. The latter, at the neotectonic stage, was presented as underthrust of the South Caucasian microplate under the southern structures of Eurasia. The analysis and correlation of historical and recent seismic events indicate the confinement of most earthquake foci to the nodes of intersection of active faults with various orientations or to the planes of deep tectonic ruptures and lateral displacements along unstable contacts of material complexes of various competencies. The focal mechanisms of seismic events reveal various rupture types, but in general, the earthquake foci are confined to the nodes of intersection of faults of the general Caucasian and anti-Caucasian directions. Based on the observed weak seismicity, active areas of deep faults were identified, which are accepted as potential source zones.
Ecology of Red-Tongue Viper (Gloydius ussuriensis) in Jeju Island, South Korea
Authors: Oh Hong-Shik , Banjade Maniram
Published: January 2022

Understanding the ecology of species at risk is extremely important for their conservation and management. Due to land clearing for urban expansion, agriculture, and the import of pets, several snake species including the red-tongue viper (Gloydius ussuriensis) on Jeju Island of South Korea, have become threatened. We studied morphology, distribution, habitat characteristics, diet, and reproduction of red-tongue viper to provide a higher understanding of species ecology. This species on average reach 242–580 mm snout-vent length and is found in a wide range of habitat from mountain forest to lowland areas. Adult snakes prey almost entirely on amphibians followed by mammals and centipedes. The mating usually takes place in spring and birth takes place in autumn. This study points out the major threats and ill-information if addressed will not only contribute to the conservation efforts but also improve the negative attitudes that people hold toward these fascinating animals. The ecological data of G. ussuriensis herein provides basic information which assists in designing the management technique for conservation. Similar applications may be generalized and used to other vulnerable species to detect and quantify population ecology and risks, bolstering conservation methods that can be used to optimize the efficacy of conservation measures.
Sarcopenia: Technological Advances in Measurement and Rehabilitation
Authors: Lorusso Letizia , Esposito Luigi , Sancarlo Daniele , D’Onofrio Grazia
Published: January 2022

Sarcopenia is an important recently defined disease affecting people aged ≥65 years all over the world. Improving the assessment of loss of muscle mass is becoming mandatory. In this regard, various new technologies have been advanced. Although the gold standard is represented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), computed tomography (CT) or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), followed by biological impedance analysis (BIA) compared with DXA, there are numerous correlations between sarcopenia and health domain of everyday life that must be investigated and addressed, trying to obtain the best possible outcome in the older population. In this review, we focused on all types of new technologies assessing loss of muscle mass, frailty, independence, walking, capacity to get dressed, and loss of balance or sleepiness in older people and that could improve the diagnosis of sarcopenia or the rehabilitation of sarcopenic patients to prevent possible accidents. Different technologies have been proposed to investigate the factors promoting the loss of muscle mass and weakness. Despite the standard EWGSOP 2019 guidelines defining a specific methodology for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, not all domains and devices were included, and new frontiers of prevention have been explored.
Accelerated Methods of Determining Wheat Genotypes Primary Resistance to Extreme Temperatures
Authors: Dascaliuc Alexandru
Published: January 2022

Several morphological and functional mechanisms determine the resistance of plants to extreme temperatures. Depending on the specificity of mechanisms of action, we divided them into two groups: (1) the mechanisms that ensure the avoidance/reduction of the exposure dose; (2) functional mechanisms which increase plant resistance and ability to recover damages caused by stress through regulation metabolic and genes expression activity. We developed theoretical and practical methods to appreciate the contribution of parameters from both groups on the primary and adaptive resistance of different wheat genotypes. This problem became more complicated because some properties are epigenetically inherited and can influence genotypes’ primary (initial) resistance to stressors. The article describes results obtained by the accelerated determination of the initial resistance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes to temperature stress and the prospects for their implementation in the selection and development of methods for rational choosing wheat varieties for cultivation under specific environmental conditions.
History, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology of the Ventricles and Physiology of the Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Kuru Bektaşoğlu Pinar , Gürer Bora
Published: January 2022

Cerebrospinal fluid is an essential, clear, and colorless liquid for the homeostasis of the brain and neuronal functioning. It circulates in the brain ventricles, the cranial and spinal subarachnoid spaces. The mean cerebrospinal fluid volume is 150 ml, with 125 ml in subarachnoid spaces and 25 ml in the ventricles. Cerebrospinal fluid is mainly secreted by the choroid plexuses. Cerebrospinal fluid secretion in adults ranges between 400 and 600 ml per day and it is renewed about four or five times a day. Cerebrospinal fluid is mainly reabsorbed from arachnoid granulations. Any disruption in this well-regulated system from overproduction to decreased absorption or obstruction could lead to hydrocephalus.
The Social and Health Impact of Accidents at Work: The Analysis of the Italian Case
Authors: Benini Romano
Published: January 2022

The months of a gradual exit from the pandemic show some significant data and phenomena regarding the phenomenon of accidents at work and occupational diseases. The Italian figure highlights a recovery in injuries and illnesses, but also in the impact of new risk factors deriving from the digitalization of work, which grew with smart working during the pandemic. At the same time, the new organizational models highlight the increased risk of work-related stress diseases. The Italian situation makes clear the need to intervene on the issue of organizational well-being and welfare, to limit the negative impact of risk factors associated with this economic system on society and the health system through a new work culture.
Pectin-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Lapomarda Anna , De Acutis Aurora , De Maria Carmelo , Vozzi Giovanni
Published: January 2022

Tissue engineering (TE) is an interdisciplinary field that was introduced from the necessity of finding alternative approaches to transplantation for the treatment of damaged and diseased organs or tissues. Unlike the conventional procedures, TE aims at inducing the regeneration of injured tissues through the implantation of customized and functional engineered tissues, built on the so-called ‘scaffolds’. These provide structural support to cells and regulate the process of new tissue formation. The properties of the scaffold are essentials, and they can be controlled by varying the biomaterial formulation and the fabrication technology used to its production. Pectin is emerging as an alternative biomaterial to non-degradable and high-cost petroleum-based biopolymers commonly used in this field. It shows several promising properties including biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity and gelling capability. Pectin-based formulations can be processed through different fabrication approaches into bidimensional and three-dimensional scaffolds. This chapter aims at highlighting the potentiality in using pectin as biomaterial in the field of tissue engineering. The most representative applications of pectin in preparing scaffolds for wound healing and tissue regeneration are discussed.
Extracellular Vesicles as Intercellular Communication Vehicles in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Bogdan Severus Gaspar , Ruxandra Florentina Ionescu , Robert Mihai Enache , Elena Codruța Dobrică , Sanda Maria Crețoiu , Dragoș Crețoiu , Silviu Cristian Voinea
Published: January 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent cell-specific carriers of bioactive cargos that can be of importance in either physiological or pathological processes. Frequently, EVs are seen as intercellular communication vehicles, but it has become more and more evident that their usefulness can vary from circulating biomarkers for an early disease diagnosis to future therapeutic carriers for slowing down the evolution of different afflictions and their ability to restore damaged tissue/organs. Here, we summarize the latest progress of EVs classification, biogenesis, and characteristics. We also briefly discuss their therapeutic potential, with emphasis on their potential application in regenerative medicine.
Evaluation of Camouflage Coloration of Polyamide-6,6 Fabric by Comparing Simultaneous Spectrum in Visible and Near-Infrared Region for Defense Applications
Authors: Anowar Hossain Md.
Published: January 2022

Polyamide-6,6 (PA-6,6) knitted fabric was coated with a complex combination of liquid-phase oxidized carbon black pigment (CBP) as light absorber and mono-sulfonated telon violet 3R (TVR) as acid dyes. Nitric acid (NA) moiety was used as liquid-phase oxidation of CBP and hydrophilic transformation of CBP-TVR. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were formulated as cross-linker between composite mixture (CM) and PA-6,6 fabric. Six different CMs were coded for coating of PA-6, 6 fabric such as TPU-DMF, CBP-TPU-DMF, TVR-TPU-DMF, CBP-TVR-TPU-DMF, NA-TVR-TPU-DMF, NA-CBP-TVR-TPU-DMF. Structural, chromatic, and spectral reflection of CM coated PA-6,6 fabric was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, color measurement spectrophotometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. CBP formulated PA-6,6 fabric was significantly remarked as maximum light absorber in both visible and near-infrared spectrum without allowing other parameters of treated PA-6,6 fabric. Therefore, minimum light reflection principle of CBP was indicated as camouflage material for camouflage textile coloration/finishing/patterning of simultaneous spectrum probe in visible and near-infrared spectrum. PA-6,6 fabric is very common fabrication for defense clothing, weapon, and vehicle netting against every combat background. This approach of simultaneous spectrum probe may be extended for concealment of target signature against high-performance defense surveillance.
Pathogenic Escherichia coli: An Overview on Pre-Harvest Factors That Impact the Microbial Safety of Leafy Greens
Authors: Darabă Aura
Published: January 2022

Consumption of fresh leafy greens has been repeatedly reported and linked to pathogenic Escherichia coli-associated foodborne illnesses outbreaks. Leafy greens are mostly eaten raw, based on the increased consumers’ preferences for natural, nutritious diets. Recent studies indicate the incidence of infections caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli remained almost unchanged or even increased. In this context, fresh produces increased the awareness about their primary contamination level, namely the pre-harvest phase. Fully eliminating pathogenic Escherichia coli from pre-harvest environment proved to be impossible. Emphasis must be placed on the pre-harvest factors that affect the food safety and, subsequently, on the identification of possible mitigation strategies that can be used on-farm for reducing the risk of leafy greens contamination with pathogenic Escherichia coli.
Robotic Heat Treatments for Mango and Prickly Pear Increase Shelf Life and Reduce Pathogen Infection
Authors: Félix Hahn Schlam Federico
Published: January 2022

Mexico is the main exporter of mango fruits and prickly pears, so new postharvest techniques to increase shelf life are studied. Thermal treatments on both fruits can affect their cuticle so it was reviewed. When mango latex remains within the fruits, it avoids sap burn and decreases anthracnose and stem end rot infestation, so two systems were developed to minimize latex de-sapping. A gripper cuts stems 0.5 cm long and cauterizes them with a hot knife implement. A heating gun applied paraffin wax to mangoes without the stem end and protected them better against anthracnose lesions. Physicochemical analysis of several mango varieties was carried out after harvesting, at market place and after pedicel cutting and cauterizing. Keitt mangoes showed the lower quantity of total soluble solids (TSSs) and total acidity (TA). When the pedicel was cauterized, TSS dropped. Two grippers were developed to cryo-cauterize prickly pears as this system is more energy-efficient than hot cauterization. A six-finger gripper moved over a pneumatic actuator toward a dry ice chamber to optimize pear cryo-cauterization. Gripper’s strong grasping damaged the fruits due to excessive compression. TSS and TA of cryo-cauterized fruit remained constant during the three months of fruit storage.
Case Studies in Biogas Production from Different Substrates
Authors: Eugen Cioabla Adrian , Popescu Francisc
Published: January 2022

The present paper involves applicative research in the field of biogas production with the accent on small laboratory scale installations built for biogas production, preliminary testing of substrate for biogas production and combustion applications for biogas-like mixtures. The interconnected aspect of the presented material involves cumulative expertise in multidisciplinary fields of interest and continuous development of possibilities to determine the energetic potential of substrates subjected to biodegradable fermentation conversion for further applications. The research analyzed the combustion behavior of biogas with different methane/carbon dioxide ratio without and in the presence of specific catalysts. Also, laboratory analysis on biomass substrates for determining their physical and chemical potential for different applications was performed. The main conclusions are drawn revolve around the untapped potential of the different types of biomasses that are not commonly used in the production of renewable energy carriers, like biogas, and also the potential use of residual biomass in combustion processes for an enclosed life cycle from cradle to the grave. The study involving the use of catalysts in biogas combustion processes present possible solutions which can be developed and implemented for increasing the combustion quality by using relatively cost-effective materials for the production of catalytic materials.
Adolescents Suspended in the Space-Time: Problematic Use of Smartphone between Dissociative Symptoms and Flow Experiences
Authors: Ingrassia Massimo , Cedro Gioele , Puccio Sharon , Benedetto Loredana
Published: January 2022

Based on current digital culture, this chapter aims to provide an updated view of dissociative experiences as no-psychopathological symptoms of flow experiences. It has been hypothesized that prolonged exposures to smartphone screens could be a predictor of altered states of consciousness (flow) and that sometimes these prolonged exposures could degenerate into dissociative phenomena. Participants were 643 high school students aged between 13 and 23 years (M = 16.08; SD = 1.79). They were asked to answer four self-report questionnaires about the habits of smartphone usage, the perception of problematic smartphone use, and the assessment of dissociative symptoms and experiences (e.g., bizarre sensory experiences, absorption and imaginative involvement [AII], depersonalization and derealization). Gender differences emerged both in smartphone usage habits and some dissociative scales. Two gender-specific stepwise linear regressions showed that problematic smartphone use is one of the stronger predictors of dissociative symptoms. Results support the idea that in an adolescents’ community sample prolonged exposition to smartphone screens plays a role in the manifestation of dissociative symptoms. This is closely connected with experiences of AII, which could reinforce the use of devices contributing significantly to establishing a causal circularity between smartphone prolonged usage and AII phenomena.
Model Reference Adaptive Control of Solar Photovoltaic Systems: Application to a Water Desalination System
Authors: Ben Chaabene Abderrahmen , Ouelhazi Khira
Published: January 2022

The major problem of the industrial sectors is to efficiently supply their energy requirement. Renewable energy sources, in particular solar energy, are intermittently accessible widely around the world. Photovoltaics (PV) technology converts sunlight to electricity. In this work, we present a contribution dealing with a new mathematic development of tracking control technique based on Variable Structure Model Reference Adaptive Following (VSMRAF) control applied to systems coupled with solar sources. This control technique requires the system to follow a reference model (the solar radiation model) by adjusting its dynamic and ensuring the minimal value of error between the plant dynamics and that of the reference solar radiation model. This chapter provides a new theoretical analysis validated by simulation and experimental results to assure optimum operating conditions for solar photovoltaic systems.
Ketamine for Non-Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Sundaram Subbulakshmi , Swaminathan Govindarajan Ashok
Published: January 2022

Chronic pain is one of the leading causes of years lost to disability, as most of the time it is refractory to conventional treatment. Recent advances in understanding the pain mechanisms have favored the use of ketamine as a rescue agent in refractory chronic pain conditions, as it has potential modulating effect on both sensory-discriminative and affective motivational components of pain. Preclinical studies also suggested the antinociceptive effect of sub anesthetic dose of ketamine against central and peripheral neuropathic pain conditions and non-neuropathic pain conditions such as inflammatory and nociceptive pain states. Subanesthetic infusion of ketamine along with adjuvants such as midazolam and clonidine is found to reduce the psychomimetic and cardiovascular side effects of ketamine. Even though the consensus guidelines for intravenous use of ketamine for chronic pain advocate the use of ketamine only for complex regional pain syndrome, various other clinical studies suggested its role in other refractory painful conditions. Hence the present topic focuses specifically on the effect of ketamine on non-neuropathic pain conditions such as complex regional pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, headache, ischemic limb pain, etc. Many studies had shown that ketamine not only reduces the pain scores but also the analgesic medications, which further improves the well-being and quality of life.
Perspective Chapter: Perspectives on the Emergency Remote Assessment during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cernicova-Buca Mariana
Published: January 2022

The unprecedented health crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic put on hold traditional educational practices. Emergency remote teaching was adopted as a response, with various degrees of success and satisfaction around the globe. This perspective chapter focuses on the remote emergency assessment as a measure to ensure the completion of the educational cycle for students caught in the 2020 crisis, after debates around the relevance and soundness of such activities both for students, and for society at large. Some voices enthusiastically champion the technological innovation and point to the benefits brought by the computer-assisted assessment, while others warn against the ‘one-size-fit-all’ approach and insist that the emergency measures need a careful examination and, although lessons can be taken away from the situation, the traditional patterns should be kept in place.
Classroom as Complex Adaptive System and the Emergence of Learning
Authors: Knight Ben
Published: January 2022

Complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory is offering new perspectives on the nature of learning in school classrooms. In CAS such as social networks, city traffic systems and insect colonies, innovation, and change are occasioned through non-linear, bottom-up emergence rather than linear, top-down control. There is a growing body of evidence and discourse suggesting that learning in school classrooms, particularly in the early years and primary phases, has non-linear, emergent qualities and that teachers, school leaders, and educational researchers can gain valuable insights about the nature of interactive group learning by analyzing classrooms through a CAS lens. This chapter discusses the usefulness of a CAS framing for conceptualizing learning in primary school classrooms. It will explore key arguments, discuss relevant objections and draw on my own research to make the case for a measured application of CAS theory to primary classroom teaching and learning, explaining how it can support the development of innovative pedagogies.
Cytokine Gene Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: A Promising Tool for Individual Susceptibility and Prognostic Implications
Authors: A. Pandith Arshad , Bhat Ina , Mansoor Sheikh , Koul Aabid , Manzoor Usma , Anwar Iqra , Mohammad Fozia , Ul Aein Qurat , M. Baba Shahid , Vladulescu Carmen
Published: January 2022

Cytokines are potent molecules produced mainly by specific activated immune cells to control inflammatory responses besides other biologic processes. Although active participation of cytokines provides defense against carcinogenesis on the other hand, deregulation at the genetic level influences their activity to promote tumor development. Among many aspects, constitutional polymorphic sequence variations are key factors that derange the cytokine expression to lead an individual’s propensity to risk for different cancers. Cytokine polymorphisms are now believed to alter these critical molecules that have a dual face in carcinogenesis as, when implicated in the activation of the immune response, these molecules check the cancer development while their persistent inflammatory reaction can envisage the development of malignancy and tumor growth. We have given ample evidence of case-control studies in a range of cancers where substantial evidence, as reported in this chapter, links polymorphism of cytokine gene susceptibility with numerous cancers. Cytokine gene polymorphism is vital to be significant bimolecular genetic determinants of susceptibility and prognosis of cancer. A strong need is felt for more case-control association studies in cytokine candidate genes involved in specific pathways for particular cancer in bigger powered sample sizes involving additional variables to disclose their factual risk for cancer.
Stock Influence on Growth, Morphological and Biochemical Leaf Parameters Prunus domestica L.
Authors: Motyleva Svetlana , Upadysheva Galina , Tumaeva Tatyana , Kulikov Ivan
Published: January 2022

Vegetation growth peculiarities and morphological and physical-biochemical features of Prunus domestica L. Utro and Yaichnaya Sinyaya varieties leaves grafted on different growing strength rootstocks were studied. Low-growing clonal rootstocks 140–1 and Novinka decreased the trees growing strength on 15–20% in comparison with strong-growing stocks; medium-growing rootstocks OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23 reduced it on 10%. The longest growing activity and the largest sprouts length was stated on these rootstocks as well, i.e. 1.3–1.4 times more than on other ones. Stable sprouts average length decrease was registered on grafted stocks 140–1 and Novinka. Leaf surface index value on the trees grafted on clonal rootstocks OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23 was on 40% higher than on control, i.e. 4.3 leaves m2/crown projection area m2. Optimal values of total increment, sprouts average length, leaves area and the largest part of physiological-biochemical parameters were stated at medium-growing clonal rootstocks OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23 use. Plum leaves blades were hypostomatic; numerous stomata were located on the abaxial (bottom) side of leaves. Stomata were located in interveinal space irregularly. Stomata length size varied from 14.6 μm (Utro/seedlings) to 22.1 μm (Yaichnaya Sinyaya/OP-23-23). The rootstock has influence on the process of photosynthesis, antioxidant activity, accumulation of minerals and metabolic answerin the leaves.
The effect of subjective sleep latency on BMI of medical interns during and before COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bastanhagh Ehsan , Erfanian Reza
Published: January 2022

Objectives Longer subjective sleep latency and eveningness chronotype are associated with higher BMI. Moreover, COVID-19 lockdown changes have been associated with increased BMI. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subjective sleep parameters on BMI of medical interns during and before COVID-19 pandemic.

Material and Methods This cross-sectional study was performed among medical interns. Bedtime, sleep latency, waking time, sleep duration, and reduced morningness-eveningness scores were evaluated.

Results There was significant difference between bedtime before (00:11±50) and during (01:10±85) the pandemic in females (p<0.001). The mean circadian score before and during the pandemic showed significant decrease in females (p=0.011). The correlation between BMI with subjective sleep latency in females before and during the pandemic ((r=0.439, p=0.017), (r=0.422, p=0.014)) was significant.

Conclusion COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a change toward nocturnal life among female medical interns. Subjective sleep latency was significantly correlated with BMI in females.
Compliance to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea – long-term assessment
Authors: Pascua Josefina , Blanco Magali , Ernst Glenda , Salvado Alejandro , Borsini Eduardo Enrique
Published: January 2022

Introduction To assess CPAP acquirement, compliance, and dropout rates among OSA patients three years after the prescription.

Material and Methods We assessed CPAP acquirement (Acq), compliance (Comp), and dropout (Dout) through a telephone survey. We interviewed 156 patients; ESS: 9.9±5.7, AHI>15ev/hour in 96.4%. 92 patients had accessed CPAP therapy (58.9%) and 67 (72.8%) were still using it. Dropout was reported by 25 (27.2%). The Comp group was older (p<0.01), had more men (p<0.001), higher ESS scores (p<0.03) and a higher level of specialist follow-up (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis adjusted showed; follow-up by experts (OR: 4.39; p<0.05) and ESS>10 (OR: 1.25; p<0.05) increased CPAP compliance.

Conclusion There is a high number of patients without CPAP therapy acquirement. Long-term compliance was found in ¾ of the study population in symptomatic patients followed up by specialists. Finally, 43% had effective treatment.
COVID-19 - The clinical consequences of social isolation and the relation with sleep bruxism and comorbidities
Authors: Cunha Thays Crosara Abrahão , Cunha Thulio Marquez , Matoso Abadia Gilda Buso , Januzzi Eduardo , Dal-Fabbro Cibele
Published: January 2022

SARS-COV-2 is a highly pathogenic coronavirus that causes the disease known as COVID-19, which has infected more than 100 million people worldwide. The main form of containment of the pandemic is social isolation. However the isolation, the severity of the COVID-19 disease, the uncertainty of the future and the economic impact are the possible causes of anxiety as an adverse effect of the pandemic. The literature describes the possible association between anxiety with poor sleep quality, exacerbation of painful conditions, gastroesophageal reflux disease, increased consumption of drugs and the possibility of developing or enhancing sleep bruxism. Health professionals should keep in mind the possibility of overlapping with the different clinical conditions mentioned and the need for a multi-professional team to manage these patients.
Juliano Moreira: da Bahia para o mundo a formação baiana do intelectual de múltiplos talentos (1872-1902)
Authors: Jacobina Ronaldo Ribeiro
Published: January 2022

O estudo dá prioridade à vida e à obra do baiano Juliano Moreira, no período em que viveu em sua terra natal, desde o seu nascimento em 1872 até 1902, quando transferiu-se para viver no Rio de Janeiro. O livro apresenta os dados biográficos desse importante intelectual baiano afrodescendente, desde o seu nascimento ainda no período escravista, sua formação escolar, com destaque para o período na Faculdade de Medicina, até o desenvolvimento dos seus estudos na dermatologia, e depois na psiquiatra e neurologia. A obra também revela algumas facetas desconhecidas de Moreira, como o trabalho como redator na Gazeta Médica da Bahia e a produção literária e poética.
Tunable reversal rectification in \begin{document}$T_{\rm{c}}$\end{document}-gradient superconducting film by slit
Authors: He An , Xue Cun ,   College of Science, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China,   School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Published: January 2022

The ratchet effect caused by superconducting vortex motion can be widely used in flux pumps, rectifiers and superconducting switches. Ginzburg-Landau theory provides a powerful tool to investigate superconducting vortex matter. In this paper, the finite difference method is used to numerically solve the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation, and the fast Fourier transform method is used to solve the coupled heat conduction equation. The vortex dynamic behavior of the superconducting thin film with a linear change of critical temperature is simulated numerically, and a new way to regulate the superconducting rectification effect is proposed. The effect of critical temperature gradient and slit location on the reversal phenomenon of rectified voltage are studied. Because of the influence of edge barrier and the defect attraction potential on vortex motion, it is beneficial to observing the reversal rectified voltage with increasing AC amplitude that the defect location is near to the side of the higher critical temperature or the gradient of the critical temperature is small.
Services of General Interest (EU) as Indicators of Public Functions in the Sense of Public Administrative Law
Authors: Kristjánsdóttir Margrét Vala
Published: January 2022

The article concerns the EU concept of 'Services of General Interest' (SGIs) which, due to their characteristics, are given special status in EU law. It connects these characteristics with public services that are carried out by private entities under service contracts, as well as the
question of applicability of general principles of public administrative law to the relations between the providers and users of such services. The objective is to examine whether the definitions and examples of SGIs can help identify public functions in the sense of Icelandic administrative
law. It examines whether they provide guidelines as to how services, carried out by private entities under service contracts with public authorities, may be singled out and so help identify public functions in the sense of Icelandic administrative law.