bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers to and solutions for addressing insufficient professional interpreter use in primary healthcare
Authors: Jaeger Fabienne N. , Pellaud Nicole , Laville Bénédicte , Klauser Pierre
Published: October 2019

Background

The aim of this nationwide study was to investigate barriers to adequate professional interpreter use and to describe existing initiatives and identify key factors for successful interpreter policies in primary care, using Switzerland as a case study.

Methods

Adult and paediatric primary care providers were invited to participate in an online cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. All accredited regional interpreter agencies were contacted first by email and, in the absence of a reply, by mail and then by phone. Local as well as the national health authorities were asked about existing policies.

Results

599 primary care physicians participated. Among other reasons, physicians identified cumbersome organization (58.7%), absent financial coverage (53.7%) and lack of knowledge on how to arrange interpreter interventions (44%) as main barriers. The odds of organising professional interpreters were 6.6-times higher with full financial coverage. Some agencies confirmed difficulties providing professional interpreters for certain languages at a timely manner. Degrees of coverage of professional interpreter costs (full coverage to none) and organization varied between regions resulting in different levels of unmet needs.

Conclusions

Professional interpreter use can be improved through the following points: increase awareness and knowledge of primary care providers on interpreter use and organization, ensure financial coverage, as well as address organizational aspects. Examples of successful interventions exist.
Functional characterization of canine wild type glucocorticoid receptor and an insertional mutation in a dog
Authors: Yamanaka Kosei , Okuda Masaru , Mizuno Takuya
Published: October 2019

Background

Glucocorticoids, among the most widely utilized drugs in veterinary medicine, are employed to treat a wide variety of diseases; however, their use often induces adverse events in dogs. The efficacy of glucocorticoids usually depends on dosage, although differences in sensitivity to glucocorticoids in individual animals have been reported. Glucocorticoids bind to the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is expressed in almost all cells. These receptors are key factors in determining individual sensitivity to glucocorticoids. This study examined individual differences in glucocorticoid sensitivity in dogs, focusing on reactivity of the GR to prednisolone.

Results

We first molecularly cloned the GR gene from a healthy dog. We discovered a mutant GR in a dog suspected to have iatrogenic Cushing syndrome. The mutant GR had extra nucleotides between exons 6 and 7, resulting in a truncated form of GR that was 98 amino acids shorter than the wild-type dog GR. The truncated GR exhibited very low reactivity to prednisolone, irrespective of concentration.

Conclusions

We have identified the truncated form of canine GR in a dog with iatrogenic Cushing syndrome. This truncated form showed the very less sensitivity to glucocorticoid in vitro, unfortunately, we could not elucidate its clinical significance. However, our data is a first report about the function of canine GR, and will facilitate the analysis of canine glucocorticoid sensitivity.
Influence of cancellous bone microstructure on ultrasonic attenuation: a theoretical prediction
Authors: Liu Jinjin , Lan Li , Zhou Jiafeng , Yang Yunjun
Published: October 2019

Background

Quantitative ultrasound has been used for the assessment of cancellous bone status. The attenuation mechanisms of cancellous bone, however, have not been well understood, because the microstructure of cancellous bone is significantly inhomogeneous and the interaction between ultrasound and the microstructure of cancellous bone is complex. In this study, a theoretical approach was applied to investigate the influence of the microstructure of cancellous bone on ultrasonic attenuation.

Results

The scattering from a trabecular cylinder was significantly angle dependent. The dependencies of the ultrasonic attenuation on frequency, scatterer size, and porosity were explored from the theoretical calculation. Prediction results showed that the ultrasonic attenuation increased with the increase of frequency and decreased linearly with the increase in porosity, and the broadband ultrasound attenuation decreased with the increase in porosity. All these predicted trends were consistent with published experimental data. In addition, our model successfully explained the principle of broadband ultrasound attenuation measurement (i.e., the attenuation over the frequency range 0.3–0.65 MHz was approximately linearly proportional to frequency) by considering the contributions of scattering and absorption to attenuation.

Conclusion

The proposed theoretical model may be a potentially valuable tool for understanding the interaction of ultrasound with cancellous bone.
Estimating fetal cholesterol synthesis rates by cord blood analysis in intrauterine growth restriction and normally grown fetuses
Authors: Pecks Ulrich , Bornemann Verena , Klein Anika , Segger Laura , Maass Nicolai , Alkatout Ibrahim , Eckmann-Scholz Christel , Elessawy Mohamed , Lütjohann Dieter
Published: October 2019

Background

Cholesterol is an essential component in human development. In fetuses affected by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal blood cholesterol levels are low. Whether this is the result of a reduced materno-fetal cholesterol transport, or due to low fetal de novo synthesis rates, remains a matter of debate. By analyzing cholesterol interbolites and plant sterols we aimed at deeper insights into transplacental cholesterol transport and fetal cholesterol handling in IUGR with potential targets for future therapy. We hypothesized that placental insufficiency results in a diminished cholesterol supply to the fetus.

Methods

Venous umbilical cord sera were sampled post-partum from fetuses delivered between 24 weeks of gestation and at full term. IUGR fetuses were matched to 49 adequate-for-age delivered preterm and term neonates (CTRL) according to gestational age at delivery. Cholesterol was measured by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection using 5a-cholestane as internal standard. Cholesterol precursors and synthesis markers, such as lanosterol, lathosterol, and desmosterol, the absorption markers, 5α-cholestanol and plant sterols, such as campesterol and sitosterol, as well as enzymatically oxidized cholesterol metabolites (oxysterols), such as 24S- or 27-hydroxycholesterol, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, using epicoprostanol as internal standard for the non-cholesterol sterols and deuterium labeled oxysterols for 24S- and 27-hydroxycholesterol.

Results

Mean cholesterol levels were 25% lower in IUGR compared with CTRL (p < 0.0001). Lanosterol and lathosterol to cholesterol ratios were similar in IUGR and CTRL. In relation to cholesterol mean, desmosterol, 24S-hydroxycholesterol, and 27-hydroxycholesterol levels were higher by 30.0, 39.1 and 60.7%, respectively, in IUGR compared to CTRL (p < 0.0001). Equally, 5α-cholestanol, campesterol, and β-sitosterol to cholesterol ratios were higher in IUGR than in CTRL (17.2%,p < 0.004; 33.5%,p < 0.002; 29.3%,p < 0.021).

Conclusions

Cholesterol deficiency in IUGR is the result of diminished fetal de novo synthesis rates rather than diminished maternal supply. However, increased oxysterol- and phytosterol to cholesterol ratios suggest a lower sterol elimination rate. This is likely caused by a restricted hepatobiliary function. Understanding the fetal cholesterol metabolism is important, not only for neonatal nutrition, but also for the development of strategies to reduce the known risk of future cardiovascular diseases in the IUGR fetus.
Correction to: Community environmental satisfaction: its forms and impact on migrants’ happiness in urban China
Authors: Lin Sainan , Huang Yinxuan
Published: October 2019

The original article [1] contains errors in the presentation of Table 5 & Table 6 whereby values are displayed in an incorrect format leading to potential misinterpretation.
Cystic lymphangioma in the peripheral jejunal mesentery in an adult and excision with laparoscopic-assisted surgery: a case report
Authors: Nagano Hideki , Kimura Toshihisa , Iida Atsushi , Togawa Tamotsu , Goi Takanori , Sato Yasunori
Published: October 2019

Background

Lymphangiomas are uncommon congenital malformations that present mainly in the head, neck, and axillar regions in pediatric patients. Mesenteric cystic lymphangiomas (MCLs), which occasionally present with substantial growth and the invasion of adjacent vital structures, are rarely reported in adults. We report a case of MCL in an adult who was treated with laparoscopic-assisted excision.

Case presentation

A 40-year-old Japanese man visited his family physician for prolonged periumbilical pain. Plain computed tomography (CT) showed a low-density mass in his left abdomen, and he was referred to our hospital 2 weeks later. His abdomen was flat and soft, and no mass was felt upon palpation. Routine laboratory data showed no abnormalities in the blood cell counts. The levels of tumor markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and cancer antigen 125 (CA125), were within normal ranges. Contrast-enhanced CT was performed, and a low-density mass was observed with an irregular outline and poor contrast, as well as involvement of the peripheral mesenteric artery and partial compression of the adjacent jejunum without dilatation of the oral side of the bowel. The patient was diagnosed with lymphatic cysts and observed for 1 month without symptom exacerbation. Follow-up CT showed no increase in the size of the mass but showed apparent invasion of the jejunal wall without bowel obstruction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed intermediate intensity on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and high intensity on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). The coronal view on T2WI clearly showed an accumulation of cystic lesions. We performed tumor excision with partial resection of the jejunum in a laparoscopic-assisted manner. Pathological examination showed multicystic lesions with an attenuated endothelial lining, surrounding rich adipose tissue and scattered smooth muscle fibers; the patient was diagnosed with MCL.

Immunohistochemical assays supported this diagnosis.

Conclusions

This is rare case of MCL presenting in an adult who underwent successful laparoscopic-assisted resection. Mesenteric lymphangioma (ML) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with intraabdominal cysts. Radical excision is optimal, even when the patient is asymptomatic. Laparoscopic-assisted tumor resection is a suitable surgical method for treating MLs located in the peripheral mesentery.
HOPS: a quantitative score reveals pervasive horizontal pleiotropy in human genetic variation is driven by extreme polygenicity of human traits and diseases
Authors: Jordan Daniel M. , Verbanck Marie , Do Ron
Published: October 2019

Horizontal pleiotropy, where one variant has independent effects on multiple traits, is important for our understanding of the genetic architecture of human phenotypes. We develop a method to quantify horizontal pleiotropy using genome-wide association summary statistics and apply it to 372 heritable phenotypes measured in 361,194 UK Biobank individuals. Horizontal pleiotropy is pervasive throughout the human genome, prominent among highly polygenic phenotypes, and enriched in active regulatory regions. Our results highlight the central role horizontal pleiotropy plays in the genetic architecture of human phenotypes. The HOrizontal Pleiotropy Score (HOPS) method is available on Github at https://github.com/rondolab/HOPS.
Correction to: Choosing the target difference and undertaking and reporting the sample size calculation for a randomised controlled trial – the development of the DELTA2 guidance
Authors: Sones William , Julious Steven A. , Rothwell Joanne C. , Ramsay Craig Robert , Hampson Lisa V. , Emsley Richard , Walters Stephen J. , Hewitt Catherine , Bland Martin , Fergusson Dean A. , Berlin Jesse A. , Altman Doug , Vale Luke David , Cook Jonathan Alistair
Published: October 2019

Following publication of the original article [1], we have been notified of a few mistakes:
Modelling and nonlinear boundary stabilization of the modified generalized Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation
Authors: Smaoui N. , Chentouf B. , Alalabi A.
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we study the modelling and nonlinear boundary stabilization problem of the modified generalized Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation (MGKdVB) when the spatial domain is $[0,1]$
[
0
,
1
]
. First, the MGKdVB equation is derived using the long-wave approximation and perturbation method. Then, two nonlinear boundary controllers are proposed for this equation and the $L^{2} $

L
2

-global exponential stability of the solution is shown. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the efficiency of the developed control schemes.
High-latitude thermospheric wind study using a Fabry–Perot interferometer at Tromsø in Norway: averages and variations during quiet times
Authors: Xu Heqiucen , Shiokawa Kazuo , Oyama Shin-ichiro , Nozawa Satonori
Published: October 2019

The average winds in the thermosphere during geomagnetically quiet times are important because they provide a baseline wind in the upper atmosphere, but they remain insufficiently understood at high latitudes. This paper reports the first direct ground-based wind measurements of the quiet-time thermospheric wind pattern at Tromsø in Norway using 2009–2015 data from a Fabry–Perot interferometer. We analyzed red-line wind measurements (630.0 nm; altitude: 200–300 km). On average, the zonal wind shows a decrease of eastward wind compared with diurnal tidal wind before midnight. A maximum speed of 100 m/s occurs at both the dusk and dawn sides. The meridional wind has a diurnal tide structure with a minimum value of − 130 m/s around midnight. We also found occasional large wind deviations (> 100 m/s) from the averages, even during geomagnetically quiet times. We suggest that these large wind deviations are caused by the plasma convection associated with weak substorm activities with auroral electrojet (AE) index values of less than 100 nT that occurred at local times different from that at Tromsø.
Incidence trends and survival prediction of hepatoblastoma in children: a population‐based study
Authors: Feng Jincheng , Polychronidis Georgios , Heger Ulrike , Frongia Giovanni , Mehrabi Arianeb , Hoffmann Katrin
Published: October 2019

Background

Hepatoblastoma is a rare disease that nevertheless accounts for the majority of liver malignancies in children. Due to limited epidemiological data, therapy for hepatoblastoma tends to be individualized. This study aimed to evaluate incidence trends of hepatoblastoma and to develop a nomogram to predict the survival of children with newly diagnosed hepatoblastoma on a population‐based level.

Methods

Individuals up to 18 years of age with hepatoblastoma recorded in 18 registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2015 were examined. Joinpoint regression analyses were applied to assess incidence trends in annual percentage change (APC). Multivariable Cox regression was used to identify factors associated with overall survival (OS). A nomogram was constructed to predict OS in individual cases based on independent predictors. Concordance index (C‐index) and calibration curves were used to evaluate predictive performance.

Results

Between 2004 and 2015, hepatoblastoma incidence increased significantly (APC, 2.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5% to 3.8%, P < 0.05). In particular, this increase was observed among 2‐ to 4‐year‐old patients, males, and African–Americans. The 5‐ and 10‐year OS rates were 81.5% and 81.0%, respectively. Age of 2 to 4 years, African–American ethnicity, and no surgery were independent predictors for short OS. Distant disease at presentation was found not to be an independent factor of survival. The nomogram had a C‐index of 0.79 (95% CI 0.74–0.84) with appropriate calibration curve fitting.

Conclusions

We constructed a nomogram that integrates common factors associated with survival for hepatoblastoma patients. It provides accurate prognostic prediction for children with hepatoblastoma.
Correction to: Unusual injury pattern (cauterization)
Authors: Madadin Mohammed , Almazrooei Khamis
Published: October 2019

The original version of the aforementioned article (Madadin and Almazrooei 2019) contained an error with regard to the institutional affiliation of the first author (Mohammed Madadin).
Association study of TAAAA polymorphism in the first intron of p53 gene with risk of colorectal cancer in Iranian population
Authors: Fatehi Zahra , Amirmahani Farzane , Tavassoli Manoochehr
Published: October 2019

Background

Colorectal cancer is the most common gastrointestinal cancer and the third most common cancer over the world. Genetic mutations in thep53gene are associated with tumorigenesis of most cancers. So far, no study has been conducted on the association between TAAAA repeats in the first intron of thep53gene and risk of colorectal cancer. In this study, we investigated the association of the TAAAA polymorphism in the first intron ofp53gene with colorectal cancer. We evaluated p53 gene polymorphism in 151 patients with colorectal cancer and a control group of 180 healthy individuals. For TAAAA repeat polymorphism evaluation, we used conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the desired sequence and the number of TAAAA repeats was specified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing.

Results

In the present study, 5 different alleles of TAAAA repeat with 6–10 repeats and 13 allele genotypes were determined between cases and controls. The most frequent allele in both controls (59.8%) and cases (57.6%) was the 8 repeats of TAAAA. Results of homozygous genotypes equal or lower than 8 repeats are higher among the healthy individuals than among the cases. In contrast, the number of genotypes equal or higher than 9 (9.10, 9.9) was higher among the colorectal cancer patients. Because of the small size of the studied population, the statistical analysis did not demonstrate a significant relationship. Also, there is no significant association between genotype, metastasis, and age.

Conclusion

Our observations did not show a significant association between the TAAAA repeat polymorphism in the first intron of thep53gene and the colorectal cancer risk.
Progressive denoising of seismic data via robust noise estimation in dual domains
Authors: Lin Yi , Zhang Jinhai
Published: October 2019

Random noise attenuation plays an important role in seismic data processing. Most traditional methods suppress random noise either in the time-space domain or in the transformed domain, which may encounter difficulty in retaining the detailed structures. We have introduced the progressive denoising method to suppress random noise in seismic data. This method estimates random noise at each sample independently by imposing proper constraints on local windowed data in the time-space domain and then in the transformed domain, and the denoised results of the whole data set are gradually improved by many iterations. First, we apply an unnormalized bilateral kernel in time-space domain to reject large-amplitude signals; then, we apply a range kernel in the frequency-wavenumber domain to reject medium-amplitude signals; finally, we can obtain a total estimate of random noise by repeating these steps approximately 30 times. Numerical examples indicate that the progressive denoising method can achieve a better denoising result, compared with the two typical single-domain methods: the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] deconvolution method and the curvelet domain thresholding method. As an edge-preserving method, the progressive denoising method can greatly reduce the random noise without harming the useful signals, especially to those high-frequency components, which would be crucial for high-resolution imaging and interpretations in the following stages.
Development of In Vitro–In Vivo Correlation for Upadacitinib Extended-Release Tablet Formulation
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed-Eslam F. , Trueman Sheryl , Othman Ahmed A. , Han Jian-Hwa , Ju Tzuchi R. , Marroum Patrick
Published: October 2019

Upadacitinib is a selective Janus Kinase 1 inhibitor which is being developed for the treatment of several inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. Upadacitinib was evaluated in Phase 3 studies as an oral extended-release (ER) formulation administered once daily. The purpose of this study was to develop a level A in vitro–in vivo correlation (IVIVC) for upadacitinib ER formulation. The pharmacokinetics of four upadacitinib extended-release formulations with different in vitro release characteristics and an immediate-release capsule formulation of upadacitinib were evaluated in 20 healthy subjects in a single-dose, randomized, crossover study. In vivo pharmacokinetic data and in vitro dissolution data (USP Dissolution Apparatus 1; pH 6.8; 100 rpm) were used to establish a level A IVIVC. Three formulations were used to establish the IVIVC, and the fourth formulation was used for external validation. A non-linear IVIVC best described the relationship between upadacitinib in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption profiles. The absolute percent prediction errors (%PE) for upadacitinib Cmax and AUC were less than 10% for all three formulations used to establish the IVIVC, as well as for the %PE for the external validation formulation and the overall mean internal validation. Model was cross-validated using the leave-one-out approach; all evaluated cross-validation runs met the regulatory acceptance criteria. A level A IVIVC was successfully developed and validated for upadacitinib ER formulation, which meets the FDA and EMA regulatory validation criteria and can be used as surrogate for in vivo bioequivalence.
U-Shaped Association of Serum Uric Acid With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in US Adults: A Cohort Study
Authors: Hu Lihua , Hu Guiping , Xu Benjamin Ping , Zhu Lingjuan , Zhou Wei , Wang Tao , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu
Published: October 2019

Background

In addition to the controversy regarding the association of hyperuricemia with mortality, uncertainty also remains regarding the association between low serum uric acid (SUA) and mortality. We aimed to assess the relationship between SUA and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods

This cohort study included 9118 US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2002). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the relationship between SUA and mortality. Our analysis included the use of a generalized additive model and smooth curve fitting (penalized spline method), and 2-piecewise Cox proportional hazards models, to address the nonlinearity between SUA and mortality.

Results

During a median follow-up of 5.83 years, 448 all-cause deaths occurred, with 100 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths, 118 cancer deaths, and 37 respiratory disease deaths. Compared with the reference group, there was an increased risk of all-cause, CVD, cancer, and respiratory disease mortality for participants in the first and third tertiles of SUA. We further found a nonlinear and U-shaped association between SUA and mortality. The inflection point for the curve was found at a SUA level of 5.7 mg/dL. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality were 0.80 (0.65-0.97) and 1.24 (1.10-1.40) to the left and right of the inflection point, respectively. This U-shaped association was observed in both sexes; the inflection point for SUA was 6 mg/dL in males and 4 mg/dL in females.

Conclusion

Both low and high SUA levels were associated with increased all-cause and cause-specific mortality, supporting a U-shaped association between SUA and mortality.
IGSF1 Deficiency Results in Human and Murine Somatotrope Neurosecretory Hyperfunction
Authors: Joustra Sjoerd D , Roelfsema Ferdinand , van Trotsenburg A S Paul , Schneider Harald J , Kosilek Robert P , Kroon Herman M , Logan John G , Butterfield Natalie C , Zhou Xiang , Toufaily Chirine , Bak Beata , Turgeon Marc-Olivier , Brûlé Emilie , Steyn Frederik J , Gurnell Mark , Koulouri Olympia , Le Tissier Paul , Fontanaud Pierre , Duncan Bassett J H , Williams Graham R , Oostdijk Wilma , Wit Jan M , Pereira Alberto M , Biermasz Nienke R , Bernard Daniel J , Schoenmakers Nadia
Published: October 2019

Context

The X-linked immunoglobulin superfamily, member 1 (IGSF1), gene is highly expressed in the hypothalamus and in pituitary cells of the POU1F1 lineage. Human loss-of-function mutations in IGSF1 cause central hypothyroidism, hypoprolactinemia, and macroorchidism. Additionally, most affected adults exhibit higher than average IGF-1 levels and anecdotal reports describe acromegaloid features in older subjects. However, somatotrope function has not yet been formally evaluated in this condition.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the role of IGSF1 in human and murine somatotrope function.

Patients, Design, and Setting

We evaluated 21 adult males harboring hemizygous IGSF1 loss-of-function mutations for features of GH excess, in an academic clinical setting.

Main Outcome Measures

We compared biochemical and tissue markers of GH excess in patients and controls, including 24-hour GH profile studies in 7 patients. Parallel studies were undertaken in male Igsf1-deficient mice and wild-type littermates.

Results

IGSF1-deficient adult male patients demonstrated acromegaloid facial features with increased head circumference as well as increased finger soft-tissue thickness. Median serum IGF-1 concentrations were elevated, and 24-hour GH profile studies confirmed 2- to 3-fold increased median basal, pulsatile, and total GH secretion. Male Igsf1-deficient mice also demonstrated features of GH excess with increased lean mass, organ size, and skeletal dimensions and elevated mean circulating IGF-1 and pituitary GH levels.

Conclusions

We demonstrate somatotrope neurosecretory hyperfunction in IGSF1-deficient humans and mice. These observations define a hitherto uncharacterized role for IGSF1 in somatotropes and indicate that patients with IGSF1 mutations should be evaluated for long-term consequences of increased GH exposure.
Is One Octopus Enough?
Authors: Rodriguez Chantal
Published: October 2019

Likening Latinx theater to many octopuses with many legs, Chantal Rodriguez reflects on the 2017 Encuentro de las Américas Festival, hosted in Los Angeles by the Latino Theater Company, which included the first international convening of the Latinx Theatre Commons. Rodriguez describes current and emerging trends in Latinx theater across the Americas as expressed over the course of two panel discussions and among small-group participants. Recounting how these geographically diverse conveners responded to questions concerning Latinx aesthetics, political activism, funding, festivals, and inclusion, Rodriguez unpacks the festival’s predominant question: “What can we do together that we can’t do alone?”
EUROPEAN SURVEY OF FITNESS TRENDS FOR 2020
Authors: Batrakoulis Alexios
Published: October 2019

Apply It!

From this article, the reader should understand the following concepts:

• Identify the top 20 trends for Europe based on input from survey respondents.

• Use the most popular trends in the European health and fitness industry to support the fight against the inactivity epidemic.

• Explore demographic relationships among fitness trend survey respondents in Europe.
REGIONAL COMPARISONS: THE WORLDWIDE SURVEY OF FITNESS TRENDS
Authors: Kercher Vanessa , Feito Yuri , Yates Brandon
Published: October 2019

Apply It!

From this article, the reader should understand the following concepts:

• Identify and compare top 20 fitness trends for North America, China, Europe, and South America.

• Recognize similarities and differences in fitness trends between North America, China, Europe, and South America.

•Identify regional trends in the commercial, corporate, clinical, community health, and fitness industry for North America, China, Europe, and South America.
Can Static Stretching Reduce Stiffness of the Triceps Surae in Older Men?
Authors: HIRATA KOSUKE , YAMADERA RYOSUKE , AKAGI RYOTA
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate reductions of muscle stiffness induced by static stretching in older and younger men.

Methods

Twenty older (62–83 yr) and 20 younger (21–24 yr) men were recruited. Ankle dorsiflexion static stretching was consisted of 90 s × 5 repetitions. Before and after the stretching, the dorsiflexion range of motion (RoM), passive plantar flexion torque, and shear modulus (an index of stiffness) of the medial (MG) and lateral gastrocnemius and the soleus were measured.

Results

RoM, passive torque, and shear modulus of the triceps surae measured at the maximal dorsiflexion angle before stretching were significantly lower for the older group than the younger group. This suggests a weak stretching intensity for older compared with younger people. The stretching significantly improved RoM for both groups. For the older group, a significant reduction in passive torque was only observed at a 15° dorsiflexion angle, and the shear modulus was significantly decreased only for the distal region of MG. For the younger group, passive torque was significantly reduced for the entire RoM, and a significant decrease in shear modulus was found for the central and distal regions of MG and lateral gastrocnemius. A significant correlation between the muscle shear modulus measured at the maximal dorsiflexion angle before stretching and a stretching-induced decrease in muscle shear modulus was observed for older and younger participants. This indicates that the higher stretching intensity can reduce more muscle stiffness.

Conclusion

Static stretching can reduce muscle stiffness regardless of age, although the stretching effect on muscle stiffness was limited for older people. This might be due to a lower stretching intensity for older than younger people.
Governmentality and neoliberalism: a study of media discourse on poverty in Hong Kong
Authors: Lo Wai Han
Published: October 2019

This study uses a governmentality approach to examine poverty and welfare media discourse as a complex aggregate of a wide variety of knowledge and political rationalities aimed at governing citizens. A discourse analysis of newspaper articles about poverty from 1994 to 2013 was conducted. Five discursive strategies and four oppositional claims were found in the 20-year sample period. The findings illustrate the relationship between neoliberalism and governmental strategies in poverty discourse.
An Anatomical Study of the Tibia in the North Indian Population
Authors: A Tiwari , A Mahendru , A Priya
Published: October 2019

Introduction
The human tibia is a complex anatomical unit and the knowledge of its morphometric values is important in Forensic, Anatomic and Radiological cases in order to identify unknown bodies and stature.

Objective
It was to analyze the tibia, its morphometry, side difference and to investigate the position of nutrient foramina in tibia.

Methods
In this study, 60 adult human tibias (30 right and 30 left) were obtained from the Department of Anatomy SMSR SHARDA UNIVERSITY. In the study a total of two parameters i.e. Cross Section Index in the middle and Cnemicus Index of the bones were obtained and evaluated by using two instruments- a Measuring Tape and a Vernier Calipers. All the bones were dry and showed normal anatomical features.

Results
The mean Cross Section Index in the middle was calculated as 80.42 ± 11.33 on the right side and 78.15± 12.78 on the left side; and the Cnemicus index was 78.40 ± 13.19 on the right side and 70.84 ± 11.38 on the left side

Conclusion
The two parameters in the North Indian population were compared with other populations. The values were found to be almost comparable however there were subtle differences between different populations. The position of nutrient foramen was also assessed. This knowledge will thus help further researchers and orthopedic surgeons in various procedures like joint replacement therapy, fracture repair, bone grafts and vascularized bone microsurgery as well as in medico‐legal cases.
Impact of Aluminum Phosphide on the Transferases in Liver and muscle of Parophiocephalus obscurus
Authors: Inyang Iniobong Reuben , Izah Sylvester Chibueze , Okpogholor Kesiena Desmond
Published: October 2019

This study assessed the effect of aluminum phosphide on transferases in liver and muscle of Parophiocephalus obscurus (with mean weight of 42.20±1.5 gSD and mean length of 16.50± cmSD, respectively). The fish were obtained from a private fish farm in Yenagoa Metropolis, Nigeria, and the fish was allowed acclimatized to laboratory condition for 7 days, and then exposed to sublethal concentrations (0.00mg/L, 4.20mg/L, 6.30mg/L and 8.40mg/L) of aluminum phosphide for 14 days. Renewal bioassay was adopted in this study. At the end of the experimental period, the fish was dissected and the muscle and liver were collected, processed and analyzed for alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase using colorimetric method. Results of the phosphatase at 0.00mg/L, 4.20mg/L, 6.30mg/L and 8.40mg/L were 94.50±6.44µ/L, 134.47±15.27 µ/L, 106.47±9.21 µ/L and 31.00±3.46 µ/L, respectively (liver), 107.50±9.24, 92.00±6.93 µ/L, 116.50±8.95 µ/L and 146.33±9.33 µ/L respectively (muscle) for aspartate aminotransferase; and 40.00±1.15µ/L, 26.50±3.18µ/L, 14.50±2.02µ/L and 9.80±1.44 µ/L, respectively (liver) and 17.00±1.75µ/L, 8.50±0.87µ/L, 21.00±2.89µ/L and 5.50±0.87 µ/L, respectively (muscle) for alanine aminotransferase. Statistically, there were significant variations (p<0.05) among the various concentration in the transferances. In addition, at some concentration, there was significant variations (p<0.05) between the level of the transferases in the muscle and liver. The significant alteration observed in the various concentrations is an indication that aluminum phosphide is lethal to fish. Therefore, caution should be exercise during the use of aluminum phosphide near biological system.
Prediction of Polyp Pathology Using Convolutional Neural Networks Achieves “Resect and Discard” Thresholds
Authors: Zachariah Robin , Samarasena Jason , Luba Daniel , Duh Erica , Dao Tyler , Requa James , Ninh Andrew , Karnes William
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Reliable in situ diagnosis of diminutive (≤5 mm) colorectal polyps could allow for “resect and discard” and “diagnose and leave” strategies, resulting in $1 billion cost savings per year in the United States alone. Current methodologies have failed to consistently meet the Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable endoscopic Innovations (PIVIs) initiative thresholds. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have the potential to predict polyp pathology and achieve PIVI thresholds in real time.

METHODS:

We developed a CNN-based optical pathology (OP) model using Tensorflow and pretrained on ImageNet, capable of operating at 77 frames per second. A total of 6,223 images of unique colorectal polyps of known pathology, location, size, and light source (white light or narrow band imaging [NBI]) underwent 5-fold cross-training (80%) and validation (20%). Separate fresh validation was performed on 634 polyp images. Surveillance intervals were calculated, comparing OP with true pathology.

RESULTS:

In the original validation set, the negative predictive value for adenomas was 97% among diminutive rectum/rectosigmoid polyps. Results were independent of use of NBI or white light. Surveillance interval concordance comparing OP and true pathology was 93%. In the fresh validation set, the negative predictive value was 97% among diminutive polyps in the rectum and rectosigmoid and surveillance concordance was 94%.

DISCUSSION:

This study demonstrates the feasibility of in situ diagnosis of colorectal polyps using CNN. Our model exceeds PIVI thresholds for both “resect and discard” and “diagnose and leave” strategies independent of NBI use. Point-of-care adenoma detection rate and surveillance recommendations are potential added benefits.
Das "Unabgegoltene" in den Blick nehmen: Politiken und Praktiken von Performance-Kunst in der Gegenwart
Authors: Gebhardt Fink Sabine
Published: October 2019

In ihrem Beitrag setzt sich die Co-Herausgeberin der Performance Chronik Basel (Floating Gaps Berlin/Zürich 2012 und »Aufzeichnen und Erinnern« Berlin 2016) mit dem Phänomen der zahlreichen aktuellen Geschichtsschreibungen zur Performance-Kunst in Europa auseinander. Dabei geht sie von der These aus, dass trotz der historischen Narrative eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Theoriebildung zu politischen Praktiken der Performance weitgehend fehlt. In einer Re-Lektüre von Peggy Phelans politischer Ontologie der Performance arbeitet sie heraus, dass gerade im Überkreuzen unterschiedlicher »Gegenwärtigkeiten« zwischen Akteur*innen und Teilnehmer*innen dieses politische Potential der Performance-Kunst zu sehen ist. Denn vielen künstlerischen Strategien der Performance-Kunst ist es ein Anliegen, »das Unabgegoltene Vergangene« (Sigrid Schade) in einer Reaktivierung ins geteilte Blickfeld zu rücken. Die Bild- und Handlungsräume, welche Akteur*innen in Performances produzieren, sind bereits Symbolisierungen, welche - mit Schade gesprochen - »gerade nicht die Präsenz des Gemeinten, sondern dessen Abwesenheit« bezeichnen. Jede politische Performance-Praxis ist demnach als eine sich in-Divergenz-produzierende zu verstehen.
Träume der Gewalt
Authors: Peiter Anne D.
Published: October 2019

Die Gewalt, die in der Kolonialzeit, im »Dritten Reich« und im Kalten Krieg schrittweise alle bis dahin bekannten Maße sprengte, erfordert ein Nachdenken, das diesem Unmaß Rechnung trägt. Anne D. Peiter präsentiert den Versuch, »unverhältnismäßig« zu lesen - und zwar auf quasi-juristische Weise. Scheinbar banale Details, die die kolonialen Massaker, den Genozid an den europäischen Juden sowie die Planung von Atomkriegen begleiteten, treten anhand unterschiedlichster Texte, Filme und Fotos ins Blickfeld. Das Ziel: durch Analysen von größter Genauigkeit das Kleinste zu neuer Erkennbarkeit zu vergrößern.
Youth and the State in Guinea: Meandering Lives
Authors: Engeler Michelle
Published: October 2019

By combining an ethnographic study of youth with an analysis of the local state in the making, this research monograph introduces the perspective of »meandering lives« to grasp being young and growing up in the Guéckédou borderland, a remote space approximately 700 kilometers southeast of Conakry, Guinea's capital. This history-sensitive perspective represents a fruitful lens to not only depict youth but to also draw a nuanced picture of the functioning of the state in Guinea.
Humanisierung durch Arbeitssicherheit?
Authors: Kleinöder Nina
Published: October 2019

Nina Kleinöder widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag den Ursprüngen des HdA-Forschungsprogrammes und untersucht, inwieweit dies im Wandel des Arbeitsschutzes seit den späten 1960er-Jahren verwurzelt war. Nach einer Phase legislativer Zurückhaltung rückten Themen des Arbeitsschutzes auf die sozialpolitische Agenda: In einem Bündel gesetzlicher Neuordnungen fehlte es an der fachwissenschaftlichen Grundlagenarbeit. Das HdA-Programm sollte in den 1970er-Jahren diese Lücke schließen, um Arbeitsplätze zukünftig nicht nur sicher, sondern auch gesund zu gestalten. Viele Projekte standen daher in enger Verbindung zu konkreten Maßnahmen des Unfallschutzes, der Verhütung von Berufskrankheiten, der Verminderung von Negativeinflüssen, technischen Anpassungen sowie der Vermeidung von Belastungssituationen. Entgegen der umfassenden Kritik am Programm selbst scheinen sich diese Schwerpunkte möglicherweise mehr oder weniger geräuschlos in die Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen eingefügt zu haben.
Gender* - Performativität - Aufführungsanalyse
Authors: Schiel Lea-Sophie
Published: October 2019

Obwohl theaterwissenschaftliche Konzepte von Performativität beeinflusst sind von der Gender-Theorie Judith Butlers, werden Aspekte von Geschlechtlichkeit in der zeitgenössischen Aufführungsanalyse kaum systematisch berücksichtgt. Deshalb nimmt dieser Beitrag eine Re-Lektüre dieses Performativitätskonzeptes vor und plädiert für eine stärkere Berücksichtigung der reproduktiven und nicht nur der transformierenden Aspekte von Performativität. Für die Analyse von Aufführung und Körperlichkeit können so gesellschaftliche diskurse Zusammenhänge als ästhetisch prägendes Moment berücksichtigt werden.
Look Where the Money Is!
Authors: Simon Rainer
Published: October 2019

In dem Interview »Look Where the Money Is!« diagnostizieren HAU-Intendantin Annemie Vanackere und die stellvertretende künstlerische Leitung des HAU Aenne Quiñones viele positive Entwicklungen hinsichtlich der Beschäftigung mit Gender in der freien Szene. So hat die Zahl der frei produzierenden Choreografinnen, Performerinnen, Regisseurinnen etc. seit den 1980er und 1990er Jahren deutlich zugenommen, die Produktionsweisen haben sich nachhaltig bzw. hin zu mehr Kollektivität verändert und eine Reihe freier Produktionshäuser und Festivals werden heute von Frauen künstlerisch geleitet. Als Schattenseite nennen Vanackere und Quiñones die finanzielle und strukturelle Benachteiligung der freien Szene gegenüber den großen Kulturinstitutionen, eine Benachteiligung, die wiederum unmittelbar mit der Genderfrage zusammenhängt. Dort, wo mehr Geld und Personal zur Verfügung stehen, also an den großen Kulturinstitutionen, werden vornehmlich Männer in Leitungspositionen berufen, während Frauen vor allem für die Leitung von freien Produktionshäusern und Festivals mit weniger Ressourcen engagiert werden - also vornehmlich in der freien Szene.
Drachen im alten Mesopotamien
Authors: Bach Johannes
Published: October 2019

Der Aufsatz bietet einen Überblick über Drachengestalten im Alten Mesopotamien.
Schweres Schweben
Authors: Diagne Mariama
Published: October 2019

Die Gleichzeitigkeit von schwer und leicht im Denken und Bewegen wird seit der Antike gravitas genannt. In der Barockzeit entstand daraus eine Grundhaltung: Mit dem Luftschritt pas grave wird der Körper kurz vor dem Bodenkontakt angehoben. Später entwickelte sich das Ideal der schwerelosen Ballerina, von dem sich Tanzschaffende seit der Moderne wiederum deutlich distanzieren. In Pina Bauschs Tanzoper Orpheus und Eurydike scheinen die Dichotomien schwer/männlich vs. leicht/weiblich umgewertet: Mühevoll trägt Orpheus seine schwere Schattenfrau Eurydike durch den Hades. Mit dem Schweren Schweben entwickelt die Studie eine Denkfigur, die das Schweben in der europäisch geprägten Kulturgeschichte anhand des Tanztheaters neu kontextualisiert.
Sustainable Development in Science Policy-Making
Authors: Schwachula Anna
Published: October 2019

New knowledge, created in international cooperation, is essential for global sustainability. Set against this background, this study focuses on German science policy for research cooperation with developing countries and emerging economies in sustainability research. Based on interviews with policy makers and researchers, the book scrutinizes the actors, processes and contents of science policy in Germany. The author argues that science policy mainly aims at German economic benefits and technology development. This, however, negatively influences global sustainability. To counter existing path dependencies, the author provides recommendations for sustainability-oriented scientific practice and science policy.
Ornament und Mode bei Kafka, Broch und Musil
Authors: Wray Miriam Annabelle
Published: October 2019

Franz Kafka, Robert Musil und Hermann Broch haben etwas gemeinsam: einen biografischen Bezug zur Textilindustrie. Miriam Annabelle Wray untersucht in ihrer literatur- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Studie Ornamentik und Mode in der Literatur des fin de siècle in Wien. Vor allem anhand der drei Werke Der Verschollene, Die Schlafwandler und Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften setzt sie sich mit der Textilindustrie und dem jüdisch dominierten Schmate#off("i")#-Handel auseinander und zeigt, dass der Ursprung der Ornamentik nicht in der Architektur, sondern in der Mode liegt.
Rechtsradikalismus in Niedersachsen
Authors: Finkbeiner Florian , Trittel Katharina , Geiges Lars
Published: October 2019

Die Wahrnehmung von Rechtsradikalismus in der Gesellschaft hat sich in den letzten Jahren verändert und wird vor allem überregional diskutiert. Doch wie reagieren Akteure vor Ort auf rechtsradikale Ereignisse, Gruppen oder Phänomene, welchen Umgang finden sie mit ihnen? Und haben diese Aushandlungsmodi Einfluss auf neuerliche rechtsradikale Formierungen? An ausgewählten Fallbeispielen aus Niedersachsen untersuchen die Autor_innen Wechselwirkungen rechtsradikaler Phänomene mit der lokalkulturellen Mehrheitsgesellschaft, besonders mit lokalen Akteuren und Institutionen. Dabei zeichnen sie auch die historischen Entwicklungen nach, um sich den Tiefendimensionen der Entstehungs- und Konstituierungsbedingungen von politischem Rechtsradikalismus in lokalen Kontexten anzunähern.
Die Neue Rechte und ihr Design
Authors: Hornuff Daniel
Published: October 2019

Das Neue an der Neuen Rechten ist nicht ihre Ideologie, sondern deren öffentliches Erscheinen. Der Angriff auf die offene Gesellschaft wird vor allem mit ästhetischen Mitteln geführt. Die Neue Rechte setzt Design und Bilder als zersetzende Werkzeuge ein. Sie übernimmt eine ursprünglich progressive Ästhetik und wendet sie subversiv: Rassismus designt sie zum Diversity Management, Nationalismus zum Wohlfühl-Lifestyle, der »Hipster-Nazi« ist keine Satire und sexistischer Feminismus kein Widerspruch. Daniel Hornuffs Analyse zeigt, dass die Verteidigung der offenen Gesellschaft nicht nur eine politische, sondern auch eine ästhetische Aufgabe ist. Diese Dimension wird aber häufig übersehen oder unterschätzt. Daher warnt er: Macht sich im Feld des Politischen ästhetische Überheblichkeit oder Gleichgültigkeit breit, wird den Umtrieben der Neuen Rechten Tür und Tor geöffnet. Ein Plädoyer, ästhetische Urteilskräfte neu zu schärfen, um antipluralistische Subversionen auch intellektuell entkräften zu können.
Tabu und Affirmation: Desorientierende Orientierung im popularmusikalischen Umgang mit dem Tod aus musikpädagogischer Sicht
Authors: Schatt Peter W.
Published: October 2019

In seinem Beitrag »Tabu und Affirmation: Desorientierende Orientierung im popularmusikalischen Umgang mit dem Tod aus musikpädagogischer Sicht« entfaltet Peter W. Schatt Überlegungen zur Frage nach Perspektiven für eine musikpädagogische Orientierung in Anbetracht einer Diversifizierung innerhalb der populären Musik, deren Differenzen kaum überbrückbar zu sein scheinen. Am Beispiel einschlägiger musikalischer Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Tod bei den Toten Hosen, Iron Maiden und Cannibal Corpse wird gezeigt, dass in Musik als einer »symbolischen Form« (Cassirer) unterschiedlichste Orientierungen Gestalt annehmen können. Sie ist nicht nur Ausdruck »sozialer Tatbestände« (Durkheim), sondern auch Anlass zur Auseinandersetzung mit und Stellungnahme zu diesen. Dementsprechend wird für eine Didaktik plädiert, die popularmusikalische Konstruktionen als Ergebnisse »sozialer Tatbestände« derart berücksichtigt, dass sie die Inhalte und Bedingungen ihrer Geltung im Unterricht diskursiv werden lässt.