bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Target effectiveness of internal audit
Authors:   Federal State Educational Budgetary Institution of Higher Education “Plekhanov Russian University of Economics”, Association of Administrative and Technical Inspections of the City of Moscow, Moscow, Russia, Kalamanova E.N.
Published: August 2023

The article presents the main definitions of the effectiveness of internal audit. The analysis of the regulatory regulation of the effectiveness of internal audit is carried out. The target effectiveness of internal audit is determined. The constituent elements of the effectiveness of internal audit are given. The evaluation of the specific weights of the relevant elements of the effectiveness of internal audit was carried out. The influence of the indicator “plan implementation” on the target effectiveness of internal audit is shown. The substantiation of the number of sample elements subject to detailed audit procedures is presented. A typical formula for calculating the effectiveness of internal audit for an organization is given.
Research the coating surface being formed by micro arc oxidation (MAO) on scanning probe microscope
Authors: Kolomeichenko A. V.
Published: August 2023

The work presents the topography research results of coating surface being formed by micro arc oxidation (MAO) on scanning probe microscope in the atomic force microscopy mode.
Development of regulatory and legal support for the availability of financial services for the disabled of various nosologies
Authors: Yunusova R. F. , Morozova O. V.
Published: August 2023

The article deals with the development of regulatory and legal provision of accessibility of financial services for people with disabilities of various nosologies in the Russian Federation. The main normative acts regulating this sphere are analyzed, including Federal Law No. 181-FZ "On Social Protection of disabled persons in the Russian Federation" in the latest edition, taking into account the provisions of the UN Concept on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, ratified by Russia back in 2012, as well as regulations of the Bank of Russia on the creation of a barrierfree environment to ensure the availability of financial services for disabled people, its recommendations on the availability of remote (digital) channels for consumers of financial services, including persons with disabilities and other low-mobility groups of the population, and the provision of financial products (services) to the population through remote (digital) channels, etc. In the course of the study of accessibility of financial services for the disabled, the author studied analytical reports, reports and reports on the status and indicators of financial accessibility for persons with disabilities, identified problems of ensuring an appropriate level of accessibility of financial services for this group of persons and formulated conclusions about the need for effective application and development of regulatory and legal provision of accessibility of financial services for persons with disabilities and persons with disabilities. with disabilities, which will contribute to the sustainable socio-economic development of Russia, in particular, due to its focus on creating a socially oriented and inclusive society.
Prospects for the development of the digital ruble – a new form of national currency
Authors: Tropina Zh. N.
Published: August 2023

The article discusses topical issues of the development of the Russian payment system related to the introduction of a new form of national currency – the digital ruble, assesses the benefits for individuals and legal entities provided by the digital ruble, certain types of risks associated with the new payment option. The author, considering the issues of the technology of functioning of the digital ruble platform, analyzes the reasons for the Central Bank's choice of a hybrid platform architecture involving the use of both components of a centralized system and components of distributed registries.
Comparative analysis of the money supplyand its structures in the national and foreign aspects
Authors: Rakhmatullina Yu. A. , Akhmetshin Sh. V.
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the structure and volume of the money supply in Russia and abroad, which was carried out in order to identify compliance with global trends in the development of money circulation. The study of the speed of money circulation and the monetization coefficient allows us to draw a number of conclusions about business activity, the availability of cash settlements and the general state of the economy.
Methods of stabilization of the banking sector in the crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gadzhibek V. P. , Svechnikova T. S.
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic broke out unexpectedly for everyone. Due to the accelerated pace of the introduction of restrictions on the movement of the population and the complication of the processes of making various kinds of transactions, all sectors of the economy were unable to accumulate their resources in time to stabilize the situation, which led to the destruction of the usual standards of organizations and the outbreak of a crisis in the economy. The article examines the main problems faced by the banking sector during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and describes the main methods of crisis stabilization used by credit institutions. Despite the three-year period of time that has passed since the beginning of the pandemic, this topic does not lose its relevance due to the serious consequences for the economy, which continue to affect all its spheres to this day.
Ecosystem as a business model of the bank in the era of remote banking
Authors: Yunusova R. F.
Published: August 2023

In the conditions of active digitalization of the banking sector, remote banking is becoming a key condition for the bank's competitiveness. This article analyzes the ecosystem of banks based on statistical data. The main purpose of the work is to analyze the effectiveness of ecosystem business in remote banking. The article identifies promising directions for the development of digital banking, factors that determine the formation of a new business model of banks, clarifies the concept of omnichannel and remote banking services, taking into account the peculiarities of the development of the ecosystem of banks. Particular attention is paid to the ecosystems of Sberbank JSC "Tinkoff Bank".
Development of bank risk management as a way to ensure economic security
Authors: Fomina E. A. , Khodkovskaya Yu. V.
Published: August 2023

The authors of the scientific article present a study on the development of banking risk management in the context of digital transformation of business processes and business operations. The conditions for the formation of risk management strategies of the largest banks in Russia are analyzed. Aspects of regulatory requirements in Russia and abroad for risk management, including cyber risks, are investigated. An integrated model of banking cyber risk management is proposed, supplemented by the provisions of the COSO ERM and FERMA standards, and recommendations for its use are given.
Infrastructure bonds: the specifics of the functioning of the tool
Authors: Tropina Zh. N.
Published: August 2023

The article deals with topical issues of the development of such a specific segment of the national bond market as the segment of infrastructure bonds. The author examines the issues of the formation of this instrument in the Russian financial market. The article presents a scheme for issuing infrastructure bonds by a subsidiary of JSC "DOM.RF" – LLC "SOPF "Infrastructure Bonds", analyzes the latest changes made to the mechanism of issuing infrastructure bonds. The author, considering the specifics of the issue of infrastructure bonds, analyzes the possibilities of investing in this instrument for various groups of investors.
Cuidados paliativos em paciente portador de esclerose lateral amiotrófica: relato de caso na assistência domiciliar
Authors: Soares de Oliveira Roselene , Roldan Tavares Constancy , De Souza Barbosa Nogueira Daniel , Mascarenhas Crispim Sara , Soares Moreira Alves Jamille , De Carvalho Lima Freitas Cláudia , Pontes de Siqueira Marcello
Published: August 2023

Introdução. A Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença que afeta os neurônios motores e evolui com alterações na capacidade motora dos membros superiores e inferiores, fala, cognição e comportamento, prejudicando as habilidades funcionais do indivíduo para atividades da vida diária. Objetivo. Descrever um relato de caso de um paciente com esclerose lateral amiotrófica com insuficiência respiratória crônica em uso de ventilação mecânica invasiva, que foi acompanhado pela equipe de cuidados paliativos de um programa de atenção domiciliar de um hospital público. Método. Utilizou-se consulta dos prontuários, bem como uma entrevista semiestruturada com a responsável legal do paciente e a cuidadora, já que o paciente foi a óbito. As informações extraídas dos prontuários continham tópicos que favorecessem a compreensão da história e evolução clínica (idade, data de início dos primeiros sintomas, exames complementares, internações). Conclusão. A assistência em ambiente domiciliar oportuniza a aplicação dos princípios norteadores dos cuidados paliativos, através do suporte ao paciente e do acolhimento aos familiares.
Extension Specialist Roles in Communities of Interest and Place: An Example from the Agriculture-Wildlife Interface
Authors: Cullen Eileen
Published: August 2023

The role of land-grant university Extension specialist originates in a community of place, enters into communities of interest to leverage resources or partnership opportunities, and returns to the local level with more effective outcomes than possible by operating solely within the community of place. A case study describes synergistic specialist programming roles that moved Wisconsin farmers and communities of interest toward a common goal of protecting corn fields from sandhill crane damage. Outcomes reinforce the concept that specialists are most effective when they forge seamless relationships between communities of place and interest, as "honest brokers," to solve unique practical local problems.
The Influence of Type of Contact with Extension on Client Satisfaction
Authors: Gonzalez Sebastian , Israel Glenn
Published: August 2023

This article analyzes the variability in quality and outcomes of clients' experience with the CES in Florida. Its purpose is to explore this variability, within a Total Quality Management framework, across different types of contact, namely telephone calls, office visits, and planned programs. Customer satisfaction data collected from 2003 to 2007 was used for the analysis. Type of contact had a statistically significant effect on both the quality perceived by the clients and the outcomes from their experiences. Recommendations are made to improve the relevance and timely delivery of the information provided by Extension through different types of contact.
Skill Up Tennessee: Job training that works
Authors: Sneed Christopher , Upendram Sreedhar , Cummings Clint , Fox Janet
Published: August 2023

Employment and training services offered through Extension are part of and continue a long tradition of policy-focused employment and job training. This paper chronicles the successes of UT Extension’s work as a third-party partner in the delivery of workforce development programming geared toward individuals receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. The paper begins with an overview of the federal program and a discussion of how Tennessee forged a state-level partnership for the delivery of workforce services. Data showing program success including number of participants served, supportive services offered, and economic impact are highlighted. Finally, lessons learned are outlined.
Urothelial carcinoma; an overview of histology, molecular subtypes, and clinical implications based on the latest WHO classification
Authors: Khalatbari Fateme , Moafi-Madani Miremad , Amin Ali
Published: August 2023

The incidence of urothelial carcinoma is increasing worldwide (including in Iran). Bladder cancer can be classified in various manners according to the standardized histomorphology set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Various genetic modifications occurring at the DNA level and the resulting variations in RNA expression give rise to different subcategories that have important implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The molecular basis of these morphologic variances is now better understood because of recent developments in molecular biology. With updates on the genetic and clinical characteristics, we highlight the histologic traits of the divergent differentiation and subtypes recognized by the most recent WHO classification (5th edition). Molecular subtypes of lower and upper tract cancer can be used to characterize their clinical behaviors and determine therapeutic responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In this overview article, we also present a preliminary analysis of our ongoing data collection on molecular features of urothelial carcinoma.
Mixed sediment for sustainable ecosystem restoration of Louisiana
Authors: Khalil Syed , Raynie Richard , Forrest Beth , Matthews Tershara
Published: August 2023

Globally, human activities have contributed to the degradation of the coastal landscape and the Mississippi River Delta Plain (MRDP) is no exception. It is facing an ecocatastrophe caused in part by human intervention. This degradation and extreme rates of land loss threaten a range of key national assets and locally important communities. Restoration of Louisiana’s environmentally sensitive wetlands, marshes, and barrier islands is in the national interest. Human activities have disrupted natural sediment transport to the MRDP. Sediment is trapped behind locks and dams upstream, decreasing fluvial sediment loads and preventing a naturally sustainable deltaic coast. Locally, coastal communities depend on a sustainable surrounding ecosystem for their existence. The fast-degrading coastal Louisiana needs frequent emplacement of sediment where the objective is not limited to ecosystem restoration only but most importantly to mitigate the pervasive land loss. Thus, sediment is critical for survival. Implementation of the Coastal Master Plan (CMP) for restoration and protection of coastal Louisiana depends heavily on a comprehensive Louisiana Sediment Management Plan (LASMP) that integrates various restoration quality/compatible sediment emplacement mechanisms. Louisiana’s sediment need is significant and can only be met with a balance of both sand and mixed sediment. There is an increasing need for mixed sediment, as sand alone is not sufficient and not always the most appropriate sediment for restoration projects. Mixed sediment has been used for marsh restoration for quite some time in Louisiana. This paper defines mixed sediment as it applies to restoration in Louisiana and emphasizes the need to identify and preserve sources of mixed sediment to be used for the construction of planned restoration projects.
Application of Profile Matching in Determining the Feasibility of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Histori M. Rowi
Published: August 2023

UMKM is short for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. MSME is a productive business that stands alone, whether carried out by individuals or business entities that do not choose a company. SMEs are distinguished based on each type of business, namely micro, small and medium enterprises. The provision of MSME assistance is one of the problems faced by the Office of Cooperatives, UMKM, Industry and Trade of Muaro Bungo in determining who is truly entitled to receive MSME assistance. One of the main problem factors that inhibits the development of MSMEs to become more advanced is limited capital. Based on these problems, it is necessary to have a Decision Support System (DSS) that can overcome these problems by using the Profile Matching method. SPK is the implementation of an information system that is intended to assist leaders in the decision-making process. The profile matching method is a method that compares the actual data value of a profile to be assessed with the expected profile value selected to be applied to a decision support system for determining the eligibility of MSMEs. This method is used as a criterion for rating MSME support in Muaro Bungo. Which has the final result in the form of a ranking obtained from the calculation of the SMART method, namely An Nisaa UKM selected as an alternative based on the sample data obtained, is eligible for MSME assistance in Muaro Bungo. The aim of the research is that the cooperative office can distribute assistance to business actors who really deserve it, so that with a web-based decision support system it determines the eligibility of recipients of MSME assistance according to and objectively.
CÓDIGO DE DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR E SUA REPERCUSSÃO NOS SERVIÇOS PÚBLICOS: APLICAÇÃO DO CDC AOS SERVIÇOS PÚBLICOS
Authors: VIEIRA DE ALMEIDA FERNANDO
Published: August 2023

The present research aims to demonstrate the situations in which the Consumer Protection Code can be applied to Public Services provided by the State to society. The goal is to define the situations in which the State meets the requirements to be considered a supplier under the Consumer Protection Code. To do so, it is necessary to address the concepts of public services, classifications, principles that guide the provision of services, and the manner in which they are provided to understand their applicability. It is necessary to discuss consumer relationships, with an emphasis on the consumer and their vulnerability, as well as provide a brief study on service providers. Finally, by combining these concepts, we will seek to understand the situations in which the user is protected by the Consumer Protection Code against any acts that may be considered defects in the provided service. We will conclude that the application of the Consumer Protection Code to public services is not a rule but a possibility, provided that the specific case is analyzed and certain requirements for the establishment of a consumer relationship are met.
EFICIÊNCIA ENERGÉTICA EM ILUMINAÇÃO PÚBLICA: ESTUDO DE CASO DO BAIRRO JARDIM SANTA FÉ
Authors: PAJEU SAMPAIO FELIPE , AUGUSTO SILVA ARAÚJO LUCAS
Published: August 2023

Currently, energy efficiency is considered one of the main areas of investment, both by governments and organizations, as its implementation leads to a reduction in energy consumption and consequently reduces dependence on external energy sources, which has a positive impact on economic competitiveness and social development. Within this context, public lighting becomes relevant, as it has great potential in terms of its ability to reduce consumption, largely due to the outdated systems that are still common in public thoroughfares. Thus, aiming to implement a new system through a direct replacement of lighting equipment in the Santa Fé neighborhood, in Dourados-MS, a case study was conducted to assess the financial feasibility of this project, by directly replacing low-pressure sodium vapor lamps with modern LED lamps and subsequently conducting a financial analysis using the indicators NPV, IRR, and Payback. The analysis of the expected cash flow for the acquisition of the luminaires presented positive results and indicated that the lighting system upgrade is a profitable investment. With an investment value of R$136,300.73, the net present value was R$61,245.63. Additionally, the expected internal rate of return for the investment was 22%, indicating a good return on investment. The Payback, which is the period required to recoup the investment, was estimated at 6.93 years. Based on these results, it is observed that the investment is viable and can bring considerable financial benefits.
Break to Build: Impacts of a Pandemic-Driven Shift to Digital Curriculum in Beginning Design
Authors:   Auburn University, Kuhns Alyssa , Kennedy David ,   Auburn University
Published: August 2023

This paper focuses on a particular Pre-Architecture program, one built around two models operating in parallel: a normative academic year course set—Foundations, and a competitive, summer intensive—Summer Design. The two sequences attract different demographics, and the course experiences markedly diverge. Their strongest commonal¬ity has been an emphasis on analog production in lieu of digital fluency - an untenable prospect in a newly virtualized curriculum. As a result of the pandemic, this long-standing analog beginning design curriculum had to be rewritten. In Fall 2020, students in these two factions impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic—Foundations and Summer Design— converged as a single Second-Year cohort. Their divergent experiences and abrupt shift to a digital workflow provided an opportunity to assess the impact of opposing learning settings and methods. Through a description of the program setup, an analysis of the work completed, and an evaluation of the impact on preparedness, via a survey of students as well as a faculty discussion, this paper will assess the early ramifications of a pedagogical paradigm shift in a beginning design program.
Rewriting the Dream: Beyond Sustainable Sub-urban Living and the Potentials of the Productive Landscape
Authors:   University of Cincinnati, Ludwig Ryan
Published: August 2023

This paper argues for a beyond sustainable approach to sub-urban living, rejecting the postwar Levitt style single-family home of the American Dream, to instead consider alternative futures founded on new ideas of community. It questions how architecture may engender lasting opportuni¬ties for resilient and eco-egalitarian approaches to sub-urban life, while simultaneously meeting the fundamental needs of its inhabitants. This beyond sustainable rewriting of the Dream suggests a less individualized, more collaborative, more inclusive notion of sub-urban living, questioning many typical arrangements of inside/outside, front/back, public/ private, production/consumption, individual/collective, etc., as seen in American sub-urban tract housing. It will utilize the concept of the productive landscape conceived as a cata-lyst for reconstituting the production of food, water, energy, recreation and social interactions. This approach is illustrated through the work of several third-year undergraduate design studios taught in recent years at the University of Cincinnati, School of Architecture which maintained similar beyond sustainable ambitions. The location for these tests has been Greenhills, OH, one of three “Greenbelt Towns” built as part of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal Resettlement Administration. While Greenhills was envisioned largely as a response to the question of urban and rural poverty, today, the expanded role of the car, neoliberal global commerce and the increased expectations of comfort and convenience of sub-urban life, alongside its aging, out¬dated and undersized existing housing stock, have resulted in its decline as a desirable sub-urban living destination. However, its original small-scale walkable planning, many tree lined gently curving streets and cul-de-sacs, central park green, and still intact greenbelt provide substantive com¬munity assets from which to consider a beyond sustainable model of sub-urban living, especially in a world undergoing radical change due to anthropogenic global warming, cli¬mate destabilization and ecological degradation for which the postwar Levitt style suburb has contributed greatly. In this way its specific history and current shortcomings make Greenhills a timely locale for testing alternative approaches to sub-urban living and indirectly the city.
A ABORDAGEM CLÍNICA DA HIPERSENSIBILIDADE DENTINÁRIA APÓS CLAREAMENTO DENTÁRIO: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Yanne Cartaxo de Andrade Rebecca , Lopes Beserra Neto Antônio , Iury Braga Bezerra José , dos Santos Abreu Myllenne , Francivânio Menezes Quirino Paulo , de Abreu Carolino Rodolfo
Published: August 2023

Introdução: O clareamento dentário é um procedimento eficiente, seguro, eficaz e se tornou um dos tratamentos estéticos odontológicos mais procurados pelos pacientes. Na literatura, diversos registros apontam que a hipersensibilidade dentinária é o principal efeito adverso da técnica, podendo ser causado pelo tempo do tratamento, concentração dos agentes clareadores e o tipo do agente clareador utilizado. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir a possível relação entre sensibilidade dentária após o tratamento clareador e meios de prevenções para a mesma. Metodologia: O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa. A pesquisa se deu com o uso dos seguintes descritores “clareamento dental”, “peróxido de hidrogênio”, e “sensibilidade dentária”, realizada nas plataformas SCIELO, PUBMED e LILACS. Foram selecionados estudos que justifiquem o tema, com publicação no período de 2018 a 2023. Resultados: Foram selecionados 9 estudos que corresponderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. O efeito adverso mais comum após o tratamento clareador é a sensibilidade dentinária, sendo possível encontrar, no mercado, agentes dessensibilizantes para diminuir tal sensibilidade. O peróxido de carbamida apresenta-se na literatura como sendo o clareador que menos causa sensibilidade durante o tratamento, enquanto o peróxido de hidrogênio mostra-se causar mais este efeito adverso durante o tratamento. Conclusão: Os estudos mostram que o clareamento dentário está associado a hipersensibilidade dentinária, sendo o clareamento de consultório mais associado a este efeito adverso. Estudos mais recentes (ensaios clínicos) divergem informações e refutam informações de estudos anteriores demostrando que não há diferente quanto a percepção da dor e sensibilidade diante do uso de agentes dessensibilizantes. Ou seja, agentes como o nitrato de potássio e o flúor não reduziram o risco, a incidência, nem a intensidade da hiperssensibilidade dentinária.

Descritores: “Clareamento dental”, “peróxido de hidrogênio”, “sensibilidade dentinária”.
TRANSTORNO DE ANSIEDADE GENERALIZADA NO CONTEXTO DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Macedo Nunes Isadora , Lopes Beserra Neto Antônio , Medeiros e Souza Annelise , Oliveira Ferreira Vaniely , Paulo de Brito Camelo João , de Abreu Carolino Rodolfo
Published: August 2023

Introdução: A pandemia constitui uma das mais impactantes questões de saúde pública na realidade do mundo levando a diversas consequências e tensões. A rápida disseminação do vírus e o elevado número de mortes em curto espaço de tempo causaram estresse, alterações de humor e interferências psicológicas em grande parte da população. Diante de um cenário de pânico e incertezas, as pessoas vivenciaram durantes praticamente três anos experiências negativas que influenciaram diretamente o bem-estar psicológico do ser. Objetivo: Discutir os aspetos sociais e psicológicos em meio a uma pandemia, em especial, o transtorno de ansiedade desencadeado ou fortalecido pelo isolamento social advindo da pandemia Metodologia: O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da Literatura. O objetivo de estudo foi o contexto de ansiedade percebido durante a pandemia de covid-19. Assim, pôde-se discutir os impactos da pandemia de covid-19 e do isolamento social sob o bem-estar psicológico de alunos universitários. Os estudos foram buscados no Pubmed e o Scielo, e em tais plataformas se buscou estudos de 2020 a 2023, usando os descritores (Decs): “ansiedade”, “bem-estar psicológico”, e “covid-19”, em português. Em inglês utilizou-se os descritores combinados ou de forma isolada “psychological well-Being”, “anxiety” e “covid-19”. Buscou-se conceituar o transtorno de ansiedade e as consequências das medidas de distanciamento e isolamento social na saúde mental das pessoas. Resultados: Foram exploradas estratégias de enfrentamentos para a melhoria e redução dos impactos causados na saúde mental da população. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os efeitos psicológicos afetaram a população em grande escala e o transtorno de ansiedade generalizada se mostrou mais prevalente nas diversas camadas sociais.

Palavras-chave: Ansiedade, Isolamento Social, Pandemia, Saúde Mental.
ﺍﻟﻬﺭﺏ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻣﻁ ﺍﻟﻧﻔﺳﻲ ﺗﻣﺛﻳﻼً
Authors: ﺩ. ﺑﺎﺳﻡ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺣﻣﻳﺩ
Published: August 2023

ﻴﺘﻨـﺎوﻝ ﻫـذا اﻟﺒﺤـث ظـﺎﻫرة ﻓﻨﻴـﺔ ـ ﻨﻔﺴـﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ اﻟرواﻴـﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﻴـﺔ اﻟﺤدﻴﺜـﺔ ﻫـﻲ ظـﺎﻫرة اﻟﻬـرب

ﻤن اﻟواﻗﻊ. وﻗد ﺤﺎوﻝ اﻟﺒﺎﺤث ﺒﺴط ﻤﻔﻬوم اﻟﻬرب ﻤن اﻟواﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘدﻤﺔ ٬ وأﺤﺎﻟﻪ إﻟﻰ ﺜﻼﺜـﺔ

 

أﻨﻤﺎط ﻫﻲ:

.١ اﻟﻨﻤط اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ .

.٢ اﻟﻨﻤط اﻟﻤﻴﺜوﻟوﺠﻲ .

.٣ اﻟﻨﻤط اﻟدﻴﻨﻲ .

 

وﺴـﻠط اﻟﻀـوء ٬ ﻓـﻲ ﻤـﺘن اﻟﺒﺤـث ٬ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـﻨﻤط اﻟﻨﻔﺴـﻲ وﺘﺠﺴـﻴداﺘﻪ ﻓـﻲ اﻟرواﻴـﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﻴـﺔ

اﻟﺤدﻴﺜـﺔ : اﻷﺤـﻼم وأﺤـﻼم اﻟﻴﻘظـﺔ واﻟﻬـذﻴﺎن . ﺤﻴـث ﻴـرى اﻟﺒﺎﺤـث أن ﺸـﻴوع ﻫـذا اﻟـﻨﻤط ﻓـﻲ

اﻟﻔن اﻟرواﺌﻲ اﻟﻌرﺒـﻲ ﺠـﺎء ﺒﺴـﺒب أزﻤـﺔ اﻹﻨﺴـﺎن اﻟﻌرﺒـﻲ اﻟﺤـدﻴث ﻓـﻲ ظـﻝ اﻟﺘﻐﻴـ ارت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ

 

واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻴﺔ واﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺸﻬدﻫﺎ اﻟﻘرن اﻟﻌﺸرﻴن .

وﻤن اﻟﺠدﻴر ﺒﺎﻟذﻛر أن اﻟﺒﺎﺤث ﺤرص ﻋﻠﻰ اﺨﺘﻴﺎر ﻨﻤﺎذج رواﺌﻴﺔ ﻋرﺒﻴﺔ داﻟﺔ ٬ وﻟم ﻴﻌن

 

ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﻘ ارء اﻟﺘﺎرﻴﺨﻲ ﻟﻠظﺎﻫرة ﻗﻴد اﻟﺒﺤث .

وﻟﻘد ﺘوﺼﻝ اﻟﺒﺎﺤث إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ اﻵﺘﻴﺔ :

.١ ﺸﻴوع ظﺎﻫرة اﻟﻬرب ﻤن اﻟواﻗﻊ ﺒﻨﻤطﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟرواﻴﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺤدﻴﺜﺔ .

.٢ اﻟﺘوظﻴـف اﻟﻔﻨـﻲ اﻟـواﻋﻲ ﻟﻸﻨﺸـطﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﺴـﻴﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺠﺴـد اﻟﻬـرب اﻟﻨﻔﺴـﻲ ﻓـﻲ اﻟرواﻴـﺔ

 

اﻟﻌرﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺤدﻴﺜﺔ .

.٣ إن ظﺎﻫرة اﻟﻬرب ﻤن اﻟواﻗﻊ ﺘﺠﺴد ﺜﻴﻤﺔ ( ﻤوﻀوﻋﺔ ) اﻟرواﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻠﻬﺎ .

.٤ إﺴﻬﺎم ظﺎﻫرة اﻟﻬرب ﻤن اﻟواﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺘطوﻴر اﻟﺠﺎﻨب اﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟرواﻴﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﻴـﺔ اﻟﺤدﻴﺜـﺔ

 

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ﺑﺭﺍءﺓ ﺃﺣﻣﺩ ﺑﻥ ﻣﺎﺟﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻬﻣﺔ ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﻩ ﻟﻠﺑﺭﺗﻐﺎﻟﻳﻳﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩ
Authors: ﻡ.ﻡ. ﺗﻣﺎﺿﺭ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺟﺑﺎﺭ ﺇﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ
Published: August 2023

اﺨﺘـرت ﻤوﻀـوع د ارﺴـﺔ اﻟﻤـﻼح اﺤﻤـد ﺒـن ﻤﺎﺠـد اﻟرﺒـﺎن واﻷدﻴـب واﻟﺸـﺎﻋر واﻟﻔﻠﻛـﻲ

واﻟﺠﻐ ارﻓـﻲ ٬ ﺒﻌـد ان وﺠـدت وﺜﻴﻘـﺔ ﺘﺜﺒـت ﺒـ ارءة اﺒـن ﻤﺎﺠـد ﻤـن ارﺸـﺎدﻩ ﻟﻠﺒرﺘﻐـﺎﻟﻴﻴن ﻓـﻲ ﻋـﺎم

٢٠٠٠ م ٬ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﻏم ﻤن اﻨﺠﺎ ازﺘـﻪ اﻟﻘﻴﻤـﺔ وﻋﻠوﻤـﻪ وﻤؤﻟﻔﺎﺘـﻪ اﻟﺒﺤرﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘرﻛﻬـﺎ ﻟﻠﻌـﺎﻟم ٬ دون

اﻟﻨﻬرواﻟﻲ ﺒﻌد ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴن ﻋﺎﻤﺎً ﻤن ﻫذا اﻟﺤدث ٬ اﻟرﺤﻠـﺔ وأﻟﺼـق ﺒـﻪ ﺘﻬﻤـﺔ وﺼـوﻝ اﻟﺒرﺘﻐـﺎﻝ اﻟـﻰ

اﻟﻬﻨـد ٬ دون ان ﻴﺴـﺘﻨد ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺤﺠـﺔ او دﻟﻴـﻝ ﻴﺜﺒـت اﻟﺘﻬﻤـﺔ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺒﻴﻨﻤـﺎ اﻟﻤؤرﺨـون اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼـرون

ﻟﻠﺤدث ﻟم ﻴذﻛروا اﺤﻤـد ﺒـن ﻤﺎﺠـد وﻻ ﻓﺎﺴـﻛو دي ﻏﺎﻤـﺎ وﻻ أي ﺸـﻲء ﻋـن اﻟرﺤﻠـﺔ ٬ ﻤﻤـﺎ ادى

اﻟــﻰ ﺘﺤﺎﻤــﻝ اﻟﻌــرب ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ ٬ ﺒﻌــد اﻟﺸــﻬرة اﻟواﺴــﻌﺔ اﻟﺘــﻲ اﻛﺘﺴــﺒﻬﺎ ٬ وﻤــﺎ ﻴﻤﻴــز اﺒــن ﻤﺎﺠــد

واﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴن اﻟﻌرب ﻋدم وﺠود دوﻟﺔ ﺘؤﻴدﻫم وﺘﻤﻛﻨﻬم ﻤن ﺘوﺴـﻴﻊ ﻨﺸـﺎطﻬم ٬ وﻟﻛـﻨﻬم ﻛـﺎﻨوا ﻟﻴـوث

اﻟﺒﺤـر وﻴﻌﻤﻠـون دون ﺤﻤﺎﻴـﺔ رﺴـﻤﻴﺔ ﻤـن اﻟدوﻟـﺔ وﻛـﻝ ﻤـﺎ وﺼـﻠوا اﻟﻴـﻪ ﻤـن ﻤﻨﺠـ ازﺘﻬم اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ

 

وﺘوﺴﻴﻊ ﻤﺠﺎﻝ ﻨﺸﺎطﻬم ﻛﺎن ﺒﻔﻀﻝ ﻋﻠﻤﻬم وﺠﻬودﻫم وﺒﺴﺎﻟﺘﻬم .

ﺘﻨﺎوﻟـت ﻓـﻲ ﻤوﻀـوع اﻟﺒﺤـث ٬ ﻤﺒﺤﺜـﻴن : اﻟﻤﺒﺤـث اﻷوﻝ ﺘﻀـﻤن ﺤﻴـﺎة اﺒـن ﻤﺎﺠـد ﺜـم

 

ﺘطرﻗت ﻻﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ اﻟﺒﺤرﻴﺔ وﻤؤﻟﻔﺎﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﺼﺎر ﺜم ﺘﻨﺎوﻟت آﻻت اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻨد اﺒن ﻤﺎﺠد .

اﻤــﺎ اﻟﻤﺒﺤــث اﻟﺜــﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻘــد ﺘطــرق ﻟﻌﻼﻗــﺔ اﺒــن ﻤﺎﺠــد ﺒﺎﻟﺒرﺘﻐــﺎﻝ ٬ وﺤﺎوﻟــت ﻓــﻲ ﻫــذا

اﻟﻤﺒﺤـث ﺘوﻀـﻴﺢ ﻛـﻝ اﻟرواﻴـﺎت واﻷﺤـداث اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ ﺒرﺤﻠـﺔ ﻓﺎﺴـﻛو دي ﻏﺎﻤـﺎ اﻟـﻰ اﻟﻬﻨـد ٬ ﺜـم

ﺘﺤـدﺜت ﻋـن آ ارء اﻟﻤـؤرﺨﻴن اﻟﻌـرب ﻓـﻲ دﺤـض ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﺘﻬﻤـﺔ ٬ ﺜـم اﺨـﺘص اﻟﻤوﻀـوع اﻷﺨﻴـر

ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺨطوطﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘوﻀﺢ ﻫوﻴﺔ اﻟﻤرﺸد اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎون ﻤـﻊ اﻟﺒرﺘﻐـﺎﻟﻴﻴن ﻤـﻊ اﻟﺤـﺎق اﻟﺒﺤـث ﺒﺎﻟﺘرﺠﻤـﺔ

 

اﻟﻌرﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺨطوطﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺨص ﻫذا اﻟﻤوﻀوع .
ﺷﻌﺭ ﻫﻼﻝ ﻧﺎﺟﻲ ﻣﺣﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﺳﻠﻭﺑﻳﺔ ﺇﺣﺻﺎﺋﻳﺔ
Authors: ﺃ.ﺩ. ﺳﻣﻳﺭ ﻛﺎﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻳﻝ
Published: August 2023

ﺘﻤﻴﻝ اﻟد ارﺴﺎت اﻟﻨﻘدﻴﺔ اﻟﺤدﻴﺜﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺠﻌـﻝ اﻟـﻨص اﻻدﺒـﻲ ﻨﺼـﺎً ﻟﻐوﻴـﺎً أوﻻ ٬ً ٕوان د ارﺴـﺔ

ﻟﺴـﺎﻨﻴﺎت اﻟـﻨص أﻤـر ﻻﺒـد ﻤﻨـﻪ ﻷن وﻗـﺎﺌﻊ اﻻﺴـﻠوب ((ﻻ ﻴﻤﻛـن اﻟﺘﻘﺎطﻬـﺎ إﻻ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺴـﺘوى

اﻟﻠﻐــﺔ)) ٬ (١) وﻟﻘــد ﻤــرت د ارﺴــﺔ اﻻﺴــﻠوب ﺒﻤــرﺤﻠﺘﻴن ﻤﻬﻤﺘــﻴن درس ﻓــﻲ اوﻟﻬﻤــﻝ ﻀــﻤن ﻋﻠــم

اﻟﺒﻼﻏـﺔ وﻛـﺎن ذﻟـك ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺴـﺘوى اﻟد ارﺴـﺎت اﻟﻌرﺒﻴـﺔ أو اﻻورﺒﻴـﺔ ﺤﻴـث ﺘـم ﺘﺤدﻴـدﻩ ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ

 

ﻤﻌطﻴﺎت ﻋﻠم اﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ ﻻ ﻏﻴر .

أﻤﺎ اﻟﻤرﺤﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ د ارﺴﺔ اﻻﺴـﻠوب ﻓﻬـﻲ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺤـرر ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ اﻻﺴـﻠوب ﻤـن اﻟﺒﻼﻏـﺔ

ﺘـدرﻴﺠﻴﺎ ﻟﻴﺼـﺒﺢ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﺒﻌـد ﻋﻠﻤـﺎً ﻤﺴـﺘﻘﻼً ﻟـﻪ ﻤﺒﺎدﺌـﻪ وﻤﻘوﻻﺘـﻪ ٕواﺠ ارءاﺘـﻪ اﻟﺨﺎﺼـﺔ وﻴﻨـزع ﻨﺤـو

اﻟوﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺒدﻻً ﻤن ﻤﻌﻴﺎرﻴﺔ ﻋﻠم اﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ (٢) وﻛﻤﺎ ﻤَر اﻷﺴﻠوب ﺒﻤرﺤﻠﺘﻴن ﻀـﻤﻨﻴﺔ واﺴـﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺔ ٬

ﻓﺄﻨﻪ ﻟم ﻴﺴﺘﻘر ﻟﻪ ﺘﻌرﻴف واﺤد ﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﻤﺎﻨﻊ ٬ وﻗد ﻨظر إﻟﻴﻪ ﻤن زواﻴﺎ ﻤﺘﻌددة وﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻓـرزت

ﺘﻌرﻴﻔـﺎت ﻛﺜﻴـرة ﻤﻨـذ ان ﻗـﺎﻝ ﺒوﻓـون Buffon ((ان اﻷﺴـﻠوب ﻫـو اﻟرﺠـﻝ ﻨﻔﺴـﻪ)) ٬ (٣) ﺤﺘـﻰ

اﻟد ارﺴـﺎت اﻟﻠﻐوﻴـﺔ واﻷﻟﺴـﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺤدﻴﺜـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻗﺎﻟـت ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻟﺴـﺎن ﺘـودروف ﺒـﺄن ((اﻷﺴـﻠوب ﻫـو

 

اﻟرﺠﻼن)) ﺒﻌد اﻛﺘﺸﺎف دور اﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻻﺴﻠوب. (٤)

وﺠﻬـﺎت اﻟﻨظـر ﻫـذﻩ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨــت ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻨظـر اﻟـﻰ اﻻﺴــﻠوب وﻗـد ﺤﺼـرﻫﺎ اﻟﺒـﺎﺤﺜون ﻓــﻲ

 

ﺜﻼﺜﺔ: اﻻوﻟﻰ: ﺘرﻛز ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺊ او ﻤﺒدع اﻟﻨص اﻻدﺒﻲ .

واﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ: ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ. واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ: ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨص اﻻدﺒﻲ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻤﺜﺒﺘﺎً ﻋن ﻤؤﻟﻔﻪ واﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘرﻛـز ﻋﻠـﻰ

اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺊ وﺘﻠﺘﻤس ﻤﻔﺎﺘﻴﺢ اﻻﺴﻠوب ﻓﻲ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺘﻪ ٬ ﻷن اﺴﻠوﺒﻪ ﻴﻛﺸف ﻋن ﻨﻤط ﺘﻔﻛﻴـرﻩ ٬ واﻟﺘـﻲ

ﺘرﻛـز ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘـﻲ ﺘﻠـﺘﻤس ((ﻤﻔـﺎﺘﻴﺢ اﻷﺴـﻠوب ﻓـﻲ ردود اﻻﻓﻌـﺎﻝ واﻻﺴـﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎت اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻴﺒـدﻴﻬﺎ
ﺷﻌﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺿﺎﺩ ﻭﻣﺭﺟﻌﻳﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻧﺳﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻌﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﺩ ­ﺑﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﻛﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺏ ﺃﻧﻣﻭﺫﺟﺎً­
Authors: ﺃ.ﻡ.ﺩ. ﻳﻭﻧﺱ ﻋﺑﺎﺱ ﺣﺳﻳﻥ
Published: August 2023

اﻟﻘﺼــﻴدة ﺘﻌــﺎﻟُق ﺠــدﻟﻲ ٬ وﺘﻀــﺎﻓر ﻓ ّﻌــﺎﻝ ﺒــﻴن ﻤﺴــﺘوﻴﺎت ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔــﺔ ٬ إﻴﻘﺎﻋﻴــﺔ وﻟﻐوﻴــﺔ

وﺘﺼــوﻴرﻴﺔ ﻀــﻤن ﺘــﺄﻟﻴف ﻤﺘﺠــﺎﻨس ﺘﻠــ ُﺞ ﻋــﺎﻟم ﻤﺒــدﻋﻬﺎ اﻟــداﺨﻠﻲ ٬ ﻓﺘﺸــﻛﻝ ﻟﺘﺨــرج ظــﺎﻫرة أو

ﺘﺸـﻛﻴﻼً ﺼـورﻴﺎً ﻴﻛﺸـف ﻋـن رؤﻴـﺎ ﻟﻠﻌـﺎﻟم اﻟﺨـﺎرﺠﻲ ٬ وﻤـن ﻤظـﺎﻫر ذﻟـك اﻟﺘﺸـﺎﻛﻝ ﺘﺒـرز "ﺒﻨﻴـﺔ

 

اﻟﺘﻀﺎد" ﻤﺼطﻠﺤﺎً ﺴﻨؤﺴس ﻟﻪ ﺒﻌد ﺤﻴن ﻛﺎﺸﻔﺎً ﻋن ﻤﻐﺎﻤرة اﻟﻤﺒدع ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻠق اﻟﻔﻨﻲ.

وﻓـﻲ ﻤﺤﺎوﻟـﺔ ﻹﻟﻘـﺎء اﻟﻀـوء اﻟﻨﻘـدي ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺘﻤظﻬـر اﻟﻤﺸـﺎﻋر اﻟذﻫﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟﻤزدوﺠـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ

ﺘﺤﻔﻝ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎت ٬ واﻟﻤﺘﺤﻛم اﻷﺨطـر ﻓـﻲ إﺒـداع أي ظـﺎﻫرة ﻓﻨﻴـﺔ ﻫـو ﻗـوة اﻟﺘـوﻫﺞ اﻻﻨﻔﻌـﺎﻟﻲ

اﻟــذي ﻴﻨﺴــف ﻤــﺎﻫو ﻤﻨظــور ﻤﻘﻴﻤــﺎً ﻋﻼﻗــﺎت ﺠدﻴــدة ﻋﻠــﻰ وﻓــق رؤﻴــﺔ اﻟﺸــﺎﻋر ﻓــﻲ إطــﺎر

اﺴــﺘﺨداﻤﻪ ﻟﻠﺤــواس ﻤﺘﻤﺎﻫﻴــﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺸــﺎﻋر وﻴﺴــﻬم اﻟﺨﻴــﺎﻝ ﻓــﻲ ﺘﺤطــﻴم اﻷﺴــﻴﺠﺔ اﻟﻤوﻀــوﻋﻴﺔ

وﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻨﺤو ﺴﻤﺎء أﻛﺜر إﺘﺴـﺎﻋﺎً وﺒﻌـداً وﺴـرﻋﺎن ﻤﺎﺘﻛﺘﺴـب اﻟﺼـورة اﻟﺸـﻌرﻴﺔ ﺘﻌوﻴﻤـﺎً ﻴﺴـﺘدﻋﻲ

اﻟﺘﺄوﻴـﻝ ﺒﻤﻔـﺎﺘﻴﺢ ﻴﺒﺜﻬـﺎ اﻟﻤﺒـدع ﻓـﻲ ﻨ ّﺼـﻪ ٬ ﻏﻴـر أ ّن اﻟﺴـﻴر ﻓـﻲ طرﻴـق اﻟﺘﺨﻴﻴـﻝ اﻟﻤﺴـدود ﻗـد

ﻴﻔﻀﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻀـﻴﺎع واﻟﻬﻠوﺴـﺔ إذا اﻨﻔﻠـت ﻤـن ﺴـﻴطرة اﻟﻌﻘـﻝ وﺘﺤـرر ﻤـن ﻗﻴـودﻩ ٬ وﻫـو ﻤـﺎﻴﻤﻛن

ﺘﻠﻘﻴـﻪ ﻋﺒـر ﻟﻐـﺔ ﻴﺼـﻌب ﻤﺴـك ﺨﻴوطﻬـﺎ وﻫـذﻩ ﺴـﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠـﺎوزة اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻻﺘﻤـّد ﺠـذورﻫﺎ "ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ

ﻋﻨﺎﺼر ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺔ وﻛﺄﻨﻬﺎ وﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺘؤﻛد ﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻛﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎ اﻹﻴﺤﺎﺌﻴﺔ اﻟدﻻﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ إطـﺎر ﻋﻨﺼـر ﺴـﻠﺒﻲ

 

ﻴﺘﻤﺜﻝ ﻓﻲ رﻓﻀﻪ ﻓﻛرة اﻟﻨﻘﻴض اﻟﻤﻼزم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺸﻌرﻴﺔ" (١) .

وﻤـن ﻫﻨـﺎ ﺴـﻌت اﻟﻠﻐـﺔ اﻟﺸـﻌرﻴﺔ إﻟـﻰ ﺘﺠـﺎوز اﻟﺤﻴﺎدﻴـﺔ اﻟﻨﺜرﻴـﺔ ﻟﺘﻘـوﻝ ﻛـﻝ ﺸـﻲء ﻏﻴـر

اﺴـﺘﺤداث ﻋﻼﺌـق ﺠدﻴـدة ﺒـﻴن اﻷﻟﻔـﺎظ ٬ وﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴـﺎً ﻋﻠـﻰ ذﻟـك ﺘﻛـون اﻟﺼـورة اﻟﺸـﻌرﻴﺔ ﻓﻀـﺎ ًء

ﻟﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎً ﻻﺘﻛﺘﻔﻲ ﺒﺎﻟوﻗوف أﻤﺎم ﻗواﻟب ﺤﺴﻴﺔ ﺠﺎﻤدة إﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻌداﻫﺎ إﻟﻰ إﻗﺘﻨﺎص ﻀـﺠﻴﺞ اﻟﻤﻌـﺎﻨﻲ

اﻟﺨﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻝ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﻀﺎدة. وﻟﻘد ﻏدا ﻤـن اﻟواﻀـﺢ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﻴﺨـص اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻹﺒداﻋﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ

اﻟﺘﻛـوﻴن واﻟﺘﺸـﻛﻴﻝ اﻟﺸـﻌرﻴﻴن اﻟﻨظـر إﻟـﻰ اﻟـﻨص ﺒوﺼـﻔﻪ وﺤـدةً دﻴﻨﺎﻤﻴـﺔ ﺘﻛﺎﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺘﻨطـوي ﻋﻠـﻰ

ﻤﻛوﻨـﺎت ذاب ﺒﻌﻀـﻬﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺒﻌـض آﺨـر ﻓـﺈن اﻟﺘﻠﻘـﻲ ﻻﻴﺠﺘـزئ اﻟﺒﻨـﺎء اﻟﻔﻨـﻲ ﻟﻠـﻨص ﺒﻌﻴـداً ﻋـن

اﻟﻤـﺎدة ﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴـت اﻟﻌﻤـﻝ إﻟـﻰ أﺠـ ازء ٕواﻨﻤـﺎ ﻴﺄﺨـذﻩ ﻓـﻲ ﺴـﻴﺎﻗﻪ اﻷدﺒـﻲ ٬ واﻟﺴـﻴﺎق ﻫـو طرﻴـق اﻟﻤﺒـدع

ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻔﻛﻴر ﻴﺒّرز ﻋﺒﻘرﻴﺘﻪ ٬ وﻫو ﻗﺎﻟب ذاﺘﻲ ﺘﻀﺎﻓرت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ طﺎﻗـﺔ ذاﺘﻴـﺔ ﻓطرﻴـﺔ وﺠﻬـد
ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻐﺫﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺗﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻘﺩﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺗﺄﺧﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺫﻛﺭ ﻁﻠﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﻑ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻭﺳﻁ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣﻳﺔ
Authors: ﺃ.ﻡ. ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻁﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺑﻛﻲ
Published: August 2023

ﻴﻬـدف اﻟﺒﺤـث اﻟﺤـﺎﻟﻲ ﻤﻌرﻓـﺔ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘﻐذﻴـﺔ اﻟﻤرﺘـدة: اﻟﻤﺘﻘدﻤـﺔ واﻟﻤﺘـﺄﺨرة ﻓـﻲ ﺘـذﻛر

اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤـﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ ﻟـدى طﻠﺒـﺔ اﻟﺼـف اﻷوﻝ اﻟﻤﺘوﺴـط ﻓـﻲ ﻤـﺎدة اﻟﻌﻠـوم اﻟﻌﺎﻤـﺔ. ﺒﻠـﻎ ﺤﺠـم

اﻟﻌﻴﻨـﺔ (١٣٤) طﺎﻟـب وطﺎﻟﺒـﺔ ٬ ﻤـﻨﻬم (٦٦) طﺎﻟـب و (٦٨) طﺎﻟﺒـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻤدرﺴـﺘﻴن ٬ اﺤـدﻫﻤﺎ

ﻟﻠـذﻛور واﻻﺨـرى ﻟﻺﻨـﺎث اﺨﺘﻴرﺘـﺎ ﻋﺸـواﺌﻴﺎً ﻤـن ﺒـﻴن اﻟﻤـدارس اﻟﻤﺘوﺴـطﺔ واﻟﺜﺎﻨوﻴـﺔ اﻟواﻗﻌـﺔ ﻓـﻲ

ﻤرﻛز ﻤدﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﻌﻘوﺒﺔ. وزﻋوا ﻫؤﻻء اﻟطﻠﺒـﺔ ﻤﺴـﺒﻘﺎً ﻋﻠـﻰ ارﺒـﻊ ﻤﺠﻤوﻋـﺎت ٬ اﺜﻨـﺎن ﻟﻠـذﻛور واﺜﻨـﺎن

ﻟﻼﻨﺎث. ﺘﻤت ﻤﻛﺎﻓﺌﺘﻬم ﺒـ(اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻝ اﻟﺴﺎﺒق ﻓﻲ اﻟرﻴﺎﻀـﻴﺎت واﻟﻌﻠـوم اﻟﻌﺎﻤـﺔ واﻟﻌﻤـر اﻟزﻤﻨـﻲ).

ﻨﻔــذت اﻟﺘﺠرﺒــﺔ ﻓــﻲ ﺒداﻴــﺔ اﻟﻔﺼــﻝ اﻟد ارﺴــﻲ اﻟﺜــﺎﻨﻲ .(٢٠٠٦-٢٠٠٥) اﻋــد اﻟﺒﺎﺤــث ﺴــﺘﺔ

اﺨﺘﺒﺎ ارت ﺘﺤﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻤن ﻨوع اﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎر ﻤن ﻤﺘﻌدد ٬ طﺒـق اﻻوﻝ ﺒﻌـد اﻛﻤـﺎﻝ اﻓـ ارد اﻟﻌﻴﻨـﺔ د ارﺴـﺔ

اﻟﺠـزء اﻻوﻝ ﻤـن اﻟﻤـﺎدة اﻟد ارﺴـﻴﺔ ٬ وﻫﻛـذا ﻟﺒﻘﻴـﺔ اﻻﺠـ ازء. اﻋـد اﻟﺒﺎﺤـث ﻤﻔﺘـﺎح ﻟﺘﺼـﺤﻴﺢ ﻛـﻝ

اﺨﺘﺒﺎر وﺼﺤﺤت اﺠﺎﺒﺎت اﻓـ ارد اﻟﻤﺠﻤوﻋـﺔ اﻻوﻟـﻰ ﻤـن اﻟـذﻛور واﻻﻨـﺎث ﻤﺒﺎﺸـرة ﺒﻌـد اﻻﻨﺘﻬـﺎء

ﻤـن اﺠﺎﺒـﺎﺘﻬم ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻛـﻝ اﺨﺘﺒـﺎر ووزﻋـت او ارق اﻻﺨﺘﺒـﺎر ﻋﻠـﻴﻬم ﺜـم ﺴـﺤﺒت ﻤـﻨﻬم ﻓـﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴـﺔ

اﻟدرس ٬ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﻤﻴت (اﻟﺘﻐذﻴﺔ اﻟﻤرﺘدة اﻟﻤﺘﻘدﻤﺔ). وﺼـﺤﺤت اﺠﺎﺒـﺎت اﻓـ ارد اﻟﻤﺠﻤوﻋـﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ

ﻤن اﻟذﻛور واﻻﻨـﺎث ووزﻋـت ﻋﻠـﻴﻬم ﺒﻌـد ﻤﻀـﻲ اﺴـﺒوع وﺴـﺤﺒت ﻤـﻨﻬم واﻟﺘـﻲ ﺴـﻤﻴت (اﻟﺘﻐذﻴـﺔ

اﻟﻤرﺘـدة اﻟﻤﺘـﺄﺨرة). ﻗﺎﻤـت ﺒﺎﻟﺘـدرﻴس ﻤدرﺴـﺔ اﻟﻤـﺎدة ﻓـﻲ ﻛـﻝ ﻤدرﺴـﺔ ٬ وﺘـم اﻋـداد اﺨﺘﺒـﺎر ﺘـذﻛر

اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤـﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ اﺨﺘﻴـرت ﻓﻘ ارﺘـﻪ ﻤـن ﺒـﻴن ﻓﻘـ ارت اﻻﺨﺘﺒـﺎ ارت اﻟﺴـﺘﺔ واﻟﺘـﻲ ﻟﻬـﺎ أﻓﻀـﻝ

ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻝ ﺴﻬوﻟﺔ وأﻋﻠﻰ ﻗدرة ﺘﻤﻴﻴزﻴﺔ. طﺒق اﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎر ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺠرﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ اﺴﺘﻐرﻗت ﺸـﻬرﻴن.

واظﻬــر اﻻﺨﺘﺒــﺎر اﻟﺘــﺎﺌﻲ ﻋــدم ﺘﻔــوق أي ﻤﺠﻤوﻋــﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻻﺨــرى ﻤــن ﻤﺠﻤــوﻋﺘﻲ اﻟــذﻛور

 

واﻻﻨﺎث.
Multitone Waveform Design towards Enhancing Conversion Efficiency for RF-electronics Detection
Authors: Li Yuanzhe
Published: August 2023

 This is the preprint version of the paper "Multitone Waveform Design towards Enhancing Conversion Efficiency for RF-electronics Detection". 
Modeling Learning Behavior of Students of Mathematics
Authors: Zaman Budee U
Published: August 2023

I am developing a novel technique for evaluating the behavior of math students, which holds potential benefits for teachers, professors, and school educators. This innovative approach aims to enhance the understanding of student behavior in the context of mathematics learning.

Traditionally, assessing student behavior has been a subjective and time-consuming process. However, this new technique incorporates advanced methodologies to capture and analyze various behavioral aspects. By leveraging technology and data-driven insights, educators can gain a deeper understanding of how students engage with mathematical concepts, their problem-solving approaches, and their overall learning attitudes.
Inteligência Artificial, Inscrições e o Tempo
Authors: Puntel Mostafa Solange , Rocha Ednéia Silva Santos
Published: August 2023

O texto oferece uma análise abrangente da filosofia de Henri Bergson e sua relevância em diferentes áreas do conhecimento. A distinção entre tempo e espaço e a importância da duração são destacadas como conceitos fundamentais para compreender a realidade como um processo contínuo e espontâneo. As três maneiras de nos relacionar com o tempo: a visão humanista, a visão transhumanista e a perspectiva pós-humanista são apresentadas na discussão da Inteligencia Artificial. A influência de Bergson no pensamento de Gilles Deleuze é ressaltada, enfatizando a importância da intuição e do tempo na compreensão da realidade. As bibliotecas são apresentadas como máquinas do tempo, onde avanços tecnológicos são aproveitados para melhorar os serviços, ao mesmo tempo em que surgem espaços de fuga digital para equilibrar o impacto do mundo digital nas vidas das pessoas. A relação entre Bergson e Proust é discutida, destacando suas visões distintas sobre a memória e a relação entre tempo e espaço. A importância dos signos imateriais na arte também é mencionada, ressaltando sua capacidade de desmaterializar os meios e criar um mundo próprio de significados. Conclui-se que a relevância contínua da filosofia de Bergson nos debates contemporâneos, abrangendo campos como a inteligência artificial, a biblioteconomia e a arte. A compreensão da duração, intuição e tempo é destacada como fundamental para uma compreensão mais profunda da realidade.
Práticas Educacionais Relacionadas à Competência em Informação nas Bibliotecas das Universidades Federais Brasileiras
Authors: Schettino Jacob dos Santos Júlia , Leandro da Mata Marta
Published: August 2023

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as práticas educacionais relacionadas à competência em informação desenvolvidas pelas bibliotecas inseridas nas universidades federais brasileiras. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória e documental com abordagem quali-quantitativa, utilizando-se a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Identificou-se um quantitativo de 657 ações de cunho educacional. Observou-se que, apesar do alto número de atividades identificadas, alguns conteúdos como caracterização e avaliação de fontes de informação não são abordados na maioria das atividades. Além disso, identificou-se a necessidade de integrar as práticas educacionais ao currículo dos discentes. Considera-se que este projeto contribuirá para a criação de um programa de competência em informação aplicável, voltado para o contexto brasileiro em que as bibliotecas e instituições de ensino superior terão como base um modelo teórico-prático para auxiliar em ações de competência em informação.
برامج جودة حياة العمل وأثرها في تقييم أداء المنظمة التعليمية دراسة تحليلية لآراء القيادات الإدارية في عينة من كليات جامعة الكوفة
Authors: ابو غنيم الاستاذ المساعد الدكتور أزهار , عجيل المدرس المساعد ساميه
Published: August 2023

الغرض من البحث الحالي دراسة تأثير جودة حياة العمل في تقييم أداء المنظمة التعليمية، واستند البحث إلى متغيرين يتفاعلان فيما بينهما لتشكيل الإطار الفكري وهما (جودة حياة العمل واداء المنظمة).

اعتمد البحث على عينة مكونة من (122) شخصاً من القيادات الإدارية في كليات جامعة الكوفة، وتكمن أهمية اختيار هذه المنظمات في أنها تحتل أهمية كبيرة واستثنائية في الاقتصاد الوطني من خلال مخرجات هذه المنظمات، وتقديم الخدمات للمجتمع العراقي، كما إن هذه المنظمات تمتلك ملاكاً وظيفياً وأكاديمياً مستقراً إلى حد ما . وتمتاز بالتقارب الكبير في طبيعة مهامها وأهدافها وهياكلها التنظيمية، وطبيعة خدماتها التي تهم شريحة كبيرة من المجتمع. استخدم في البحث الاستبانة كأداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات والمعلومات فضلاً عن المقابلات الشخصية، كما استخدمت أدوات إحصائية متنوعة لتحليل البيانات والمعلومات ومعالجتها باعتماد برامج إحصائية جاهزة مثل. (SPSS) أما أهمية هذه البحث فهي تكمن في أنها تحاول إن تخرج بتأصيل فكري لطبيعة متغيرات البحث مستندة إلى الواقع التطبيقي لجودة حياة العمل ومدى قدرتها على تحسين اداء المنظمة .

وتوصل البحث إلى وجود علاقة ارتباط بين أبعاد جودة حياة العمل مما يؤكد تماسك هذه الأبعاد مع بعضها بعضاً، وكذلك استنتجت وجود علاقات ارتباط بين أبعاد الأداء المنظمة(الزبون، والنمو والتعلم والعمليات) مع بعضها مما يؤكد تجانس هذه الأبعاد، فضلاً عن وجود تأثير كبير لجودة حياة العمل في تحسين أداء المنظمة التعليمية
التوازي الإيقاعي في الحكم والمواعظ في نهج البلاغة دراسة دلالية
Authors: عباس الأستاذ المساعد الدكتور  تحسين , السلمي المدرس المساعد  ميثاق
Published: August 2023

يظهر مما تقدم أنّ التوازي الإيقاعي بنوعيه التقابلي والمتوازن، عنصر مهم من عناصر الإثراء الموسيقي والدلالي. وقد فطن الإمام () لذلك الأمر؛ لذا جاءت نصوصه في حكم نهج البلاغة زاخرة بالتوازي. وقد تجلى ذلك من خلال اختياره للألفاظ والتراكيب النحوية الملائمة، التي ترفد النص بالإيقاع الداخلي المنسجم مع المعنى المراد إيصاله إلى المتلقي. وقد تبين من النصوص السابقة أنّ الإمام كان حريصا على تلوين الإيقاع وعدم الاقتصار على نمط واحد من الموسيقى اللفظية؛ لأنه على وعي تام أن تنويع الإيقاع له دخالة في تقبل النص وتلقيه. فيجعل المتلقي مشدودا إلى النص، لا يغفل عنه لحظة؛ إذ إنّ الانتقال من نغمة إلى أخرى يمثل منبها أسلوبيا يجعل المتلقي متواصلا مع النص طيلة عملية التلقي. وهو بذلك يكون قد منح تراثه الأدبي بصمته الخاصة التي تميزه من غيره، بل تجعله في القمة بعد القران الكريم وكلام رسول الله().
تغيير الخطاب مـن منظــور قرآني-سورة يوسف أنموذجاً-
Authors: مجيد المدرس الدكتور هدى
Published: August 2023

1- إن الخطاب في الحقيقة هو وسيلة وليس غاية الغرض منها إيصال المراد الى الآخر فيكون المراد هو الغاية .

2- عند تدبر الخطاب القرآني واستقراء آيات القرآن الكريم ، نرى أنّه في نداءاته وتوجيهاته يتسم بالشمول ؛ حيث أنه لم يجعل نداءه الى فئةٍ دون فئة ، أو جنس دون جنس ، أو أهل دينٍ دون غيرهم ، بل شمل ذلك الخطاب أصناف العالمين من المخاطبين ، على تنوع أجناسهم وألسنتهم وأديانهم التي يدينون بها .

3- الخطابات القرآنية هي بيان ودفاع عن العقيدة والشرع والأخلاق وعلى هذه المحاور الثلاثة تدور جميع الخطابات الالهية في القرآن سواء كانت على لسان أولياء الله ( أنبياء أو صالحين ) أو كانت على لسان أعداء الله فإن الله ربما يجري على السنة أعداءه ما يكشف حقيقة القدرة الالهية .

4- إن قصة يوسف () في القرآن هي قصة الشخصية والأحداث معاً ، فهي لا تسجل واقعاً فحسب ، بل تنتصر للقيم الإنسانية الجديرة بالخلود ، إنا تنتصر للإيمان وللصبر وللعفاف وللأمانة وللإخلاص والطهر .

5- إن الخطاب لا يمكن أو على الأقل لا يستقيم إلا في إطار من الترتيب والنظام وبالتالي فهو يفرض على أجزاء موضوعه مهما تداخلت وتشابكت وتزامنت أنواعاً من التقديم والتأخير لا تقتضيها واحياناً لا تقبلها طبيعة الموضوع .

6- الخطاب العقائدي يبتني على منظومة فكرية ينبغي أن تكون كاملة قد أقام صاحبها البراهين على صدق تلك العقائد أما إذا كان وحياً فهو خطاب شرعي ينظم أمور الخلق في عالم التكليف .
Formulasi dan Uji Efek Lilin Aromaterapi Minyak Atsiri Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) terhadap Immobility time Mencit (Mus musculus) Jantan yang Dibuat Stres
Authors: Inaku Chikita , Yusuf Muhammad , Praktisi Sinar
Published: August 2023

Fragrant Pandan is a plant that has been used in traditional medicine, this leaf contains linalool compounds which are efficacious as a sedative so that it can increase a sense of comfort, and suppress aggression and anxiety. This study aimed to determine the physical stability of the aromatherapy wax formula of fragrant pandan leaf essential oil (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) and its antistress effect on male mice (Mus musculus).  The design of this study was a post-test only control group design, using 25 male mice divided into 5 groups, each group consisting of 5 animals exposed to the aromatherapy wax formula of pandan leaves essential oil for 1 hour with various concentratioins of essential oils, where the group I have given 1%, group II was given 2%, group III was given 3%, group IV was given negative control, and group V was given positive control. The results of the research on the physical stability test of the aroma therapy wax formula of pandan fragrant leaf essential oil showed that the formula was organoleptically stable with white color and characteristic odor, the melting point test was stable at temperatures of FI 54O, FII 53OC, and FIII 52OC, time test FI burning shows 4 hours 28 minutes, FII 2 hours 52 minutes and FIII 3 hours 34 minutes, the preference test before and aftrer burning shows the higher the concentration of essential oils the panelists prefer. The results of the antistress effect test showed that the immobility time of mice at KI at 291 seconds, KII at 182 seconds, KIII at 88 seconds, and KIV as a negative control was higher at 334 seconds, which means that at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3% had an antistress effect with sig analysis values Post-Hoc Tukey Statistics FIII 1,00, F IV 0,00, and FV 1,00
Analisis Senyawa Kafein pada Bubuk Kopi Jenis Arabika di Kota Takengon Menggunakan Analisis Kualitatif dan Kuatitatif
Authors: Ernoviya Ernoviya , Afriadi Afriadi , Silfania Hesti Nadila
Published: August 2023

Latar belakang:Kopi merupakan jenis tumbuhan yang mengandung kafein dan dapat diolah minuman lezat. Saat ini kopi menjadi minuman paling disukai masyarakat dunia setelah air dan teh. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kadar kafein pada kopi bubuk arabika yang beredar di pasaran kota takengon tersebut sesuai standar nasional Indonesia (SNI 01-7152-2006). Jenis penelitian ini eksperimental dengan mengambil sampel secara purposive.Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah skrining fitokimia, analisa kualitatif, dan spektrofotometri ultraviolet pada panjang gelombang 273 nm. Parameter validasi yang ditentukan yaitu Presisi, lineritas, LOD dan LOQ.Hasil dari skrining fitokimia sampel A pada perlakuan uji meyer mendapatkan hasil negatif tetapi yang lainnya positif. Dan pada sampel B semua pengujian mendapatkan hasil positif. Pada ketiga pengujian analisa kualitatif pada sampel A dan B mendapatkan hasil yang positif. Hasil rata-rata analisa kuantitatif pada sampel A sekali minum 11,632 mg dan kadar sehari 34,897 mg. sedangkan pada sampel B kadar sekali minum 6,663 mg dan sehari minum 19,989 mg. Hasil uji Validasi diperoleh linearitas r2 = 0,998, LOD dan LOQ yaitu 0,882 µg/ml dan 2,94 µg/ml, nilai RSD yaitu 1,11%. Berdasarkan kesimpulan, sampel A dan sampel B memenuhi syarat menurut SNI tahun 2006 (50 mg sekali dan 150 mg sehari) dan juga memenuhi syarat menurut farmakope edisi III yaitu dosis maksimum sekali 500 mg dan sehari 1,5 g. kepada peneliti selanjutnya agar melakukan penetapan kadar selain kafein yang terdapat pada kopi arabika yang berada di kota Takengon