bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sources of hepatic glycogen synthesis in mice fed with glucose or fructose as the sole dietary carbohydrate
Authors: Jarak Ivana , Barosa Cristina , Martins Fatima O. , Silva Joao C. P. , Santos Cristiano , Belew Getachew Debas , Rito Joao , Viegas Ivan , Teixeira Jose , Oliveira Paulo J. , Jones John G.
Published: July 2018

Purpose

The positional analysis of hepatic glycogen enrichment from deuterated water (2H2O) by 2H NMR has been applied previously to resolve the contributions of glucose and fructose to glycogen synthesis in rodents fed a high sucrose diet. To further validate this method, this analysis was applied to mice fed with synthetic diets whose carbohydrate components consisted solely of either glucose or fructose.

Methods

Eight glucose‐fed and 12 fructose‐fed mice were given 2H2O followed by ad libitum feeding overnight. Mice were then euthanized, hepatic glycogen was isolated and derivatized to monoacetone glucose, and 2H‐enrichment of positions 2, 5, and 6S were measured by 2H NMR. From these data, the fraction of overnight glycogen appearance from the direct pathway and/or glycogen cycling and indirect pathway were estimated. Indirect pathway fractions were resolved into Krebs cycle and triose‐phosphate sources—the latter including contributions from fructose metabolism.

Results

After overnight feeding, the fraction of overnight glycogen appearance derived from direct pathway and/or glycogen cycling in glucose‐fed‐mice was 63 ± 1%. For the indirect pathway, Krebs cycle and triose‐phosphate sources contributed 22 ± 1% and 15 ± 1%, respectively. For fructose‐fed‐mice, glycogen appearance was dominated by triose‐phosphate sources (60 ± 2%) with lesser contributions from Krebs cycle (14 ± 1%) and direct and/or glycogen cycling (26 ± 2%).

Conclusions

2H NMR analysis of hepatic glycogen 2H enrichment from 2H2O provides realistic profiles of dietary glucose and fructose contributions to hepatic glycogen synthesis in mice fed with diets containing 1 or the other sugar as the sole carbohydrate source.
A critical appraisal of the principal guidelines for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction using the AGREE II instrument
Authors: Jaggi Ashley , Drake Marcus , Siddiqui Emad , Nazir Jameel , Giagos Vasileios , Fatoye Francis
Published: July 2018

Aims

The process of identifying research questions, synthesizing and interpreting evidence, and weight given to health economics differs between the clinical guidelines (CGs) for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). Consequently, the quality also varies which can have implications for clinical practice.

Methods

We used the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument to assess the quality of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellent (NICE), European Association of Urology (EAU), and the International Consultations on Incontinence (ICI) CGs on neurogenic bladder.

Results

The NICE CGs were deemed to be of the highest quality (overall score of 92%). NICE were the only guidelines to systematically incorporate cost‐effectiveness research into their recommendations. The EAU CGs received an overall score of 83% and the ICI CGs achieved the lowest overall score (75%). The highest scoring domain among all the CGs was scope purpose (86%) and the lowest scoring domain was applicability (69%). All guidelines were recommended for use (mostly with some modifications).

Conclusions

All CGs had their inherent advantages and disadvantages, though all were still deemed to be of high quality. Incorporating cost‐effectiveness research would be near impossible for guidelines with a broad‐country remit. Incorporating the AGREE II instrument in the development of CGs and better collaboration between the ICI, NICE, and EAU could improve the quality, and consistency between NLUTD CGs and ultimately improve health outcomes for this important patient group.
Leading volunteers: Investigating volunteers' perceptions of leaders' behavior and gender
Authors: Schreiner Emanuel , Trent Sheridan B. , Prange Kelly A. , Allen Joseph A.
Published: July 2018

Volunteer coordinators' leadership plays a central role in the efforts to retain volunteers and increase their commitment to an organization; however, research on volunteers' perceptions of their leaders is scarce. Given the challenges of leading volunteers, we present two studies to investigate the effectiveness of consideration and initiating structure for volunteer coordinators. First, we theorized and tested how well findings from the business and government sectors fit today's volunteer domain by studying volunteers' perceptions of their current coordinators' leadership. Using a sample of volunteers across the nonprofit sector, we found that consideration and initiating structure were related to different criteria. Initiating structure was positively related to volunteers' feelings of competence and to role clarity, while consideration was negatively related to burnout. Both leader behaviors were positively related to volunteers' satisfaction with their coordinator. In our second study, using a different sample of volunteers in nonprofit organizations, we employ a vignette study design to show how the gender of the coordinator influences the perception of his or her behavior. By manipulating the coordinators' gender via vignette descriptions, we found evidence of the communality‐bonus effect for men as men coordinators' leadership effectiveness was rated higher than women coordinators' effectiveness when displaying gender stereotype incongruent consideration behaviors. On the other hand, there was no difference between leaders' genders regarding initiating structure. Volunteers' satisfaction with their coordinator did not differ significantly based on coordinators' gender. We share several practical and theoretical implications of these findings for leaders of volunteers.
A new switched off‐line NMPC approach for nonlinear systems with a switching performance index using an extended modal series method
Authors: Sajjadi Samaneh Sadat , Karimpour Ali , Pariz Naser , Jajarmi Amin
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a new switched nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) approach for continuous‐time affine‐input nonlinear systems with a number of different cost functions where switching occurs between them in order to improve the performance. In this approach, the NMPC‐related nonlinear two‐point boundary value problem derived from Pontryagin's maximum principle is solved by the extended modal series method. The resulting suboptimal control law as to each of the cost functions is feasible and has an explicit form. In order to guarantee closed‐loop stability, certain assumptions are considered in the NMPC literature and in the switched systems literature, such as finding an invariant terminal region and a feasible solution for the NMPC and considering a certain average dwell time for switching signals. In this paper, we consider switching among different cost functions using the average dwell‐time approach. Since, in our proposed method, the NMPC problem solution obtained by the extended modal series method is feasible and since the invariance condition for the terminal region is satisfied, the common assumptions for the stability of the switched NMPC can be established. Furthermore, we show that this method guarantees the stability of the entire closed‐loop system in the presence of unknown persistent disturbances. The applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach are illustrated by two numerical examples.
Weighted log‐rank test for time‐to‐event data in immunotherapy trials with random delayed treatment effect and cure rate
Authors: Liu Shufang , Chu Chenghao , Rong Alan
Published: July 2018

A cancer clinical trial with an immunotherapy often has 2 special features, which are patients being potentially cured from the cancer and the immunotherapy starting to take clinical effect after a certain delay time. Existing testing methods may be inadequate for immunotherapy clinical trials, because they do not appropriately take the 2 features into consideration at the same time, hence have low power to detect the true treatment effect. In this paper, we proposed a piece‐wise proportional hazards cure rate model with a random delay time to fit data, and a new weighted log‐rank test to detect the treatment effect of an immunotherapy over a chemotherapy control. We showed that the proposed weight was nearly optimal under mild conditions. Our simulation study showed a substantial gain of power in the proposed test over the existing tests and robustness of the test with misspecified weight. We also introduced a sample size calculation formula to design the immunotherapy clinical trials using the proposed weighted log‐rank test.
Autologous Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor-Mobilized Peripheral Blood CD34 Positive Cell Transplantation for Hemodialysis Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia: A Prospective Phase II Clinical Trial
Authors: Ohtake Takayasu , Mochida Yasuhiro , Ishioka Kunihiro , Oka Machiko , Maesato Kyoko , Moriya Hidekazu , Hidaka Sumi , Higashide Satoshi , Ioji Tetsuya , Fujita Yasuyuki , Kawamoto Atsuhiko , Fukushima Masanori , Kobayashi Shuzo
Published: July 2018

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a devastating disease in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Based on the unsatisfactory results of autologous mononuclear cell transplantation for patients with CLI undergoing HD, we conducted a phase II clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood-derived autologous purified CD34 positive (CD34+) cell transplantation for CLI in patients undergoing HD. Six patients with CLI (two with Rutherford category 4 and four with Rutherford category 5) were enrolled. As for primary endpoint, there were no major adverse events related to this therapy. As for efficacy, the amputation-free survival rate was 100% at 1 year after cell therapy. Both rest pain scale and ulcer size were significantly improved as early as 4 weeks after therapy compared with baseline (p < .01), and three out of five ulcers completely healed within 12 weeks after cell transplantation. Clinical severity, including Fontaine scale and Rutherford category, significantly improved at 24 weeks after cell transplantation (p < .05), and further improved at 52 weeks (p < .01) compared with baseline. The improvement rate from CLI stage to non-CLI stage was 83.3% at 52 weeks. Toe skin perfusion pressure and absolute claudication distance were also significantly improved. In conclusion, G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ cell transplantation was safe, feasible, and effective for patients with CLI undergoing HD.
Preparation of 5‐Substituted‐1H‐Tetrazoles Catalyzed by MOFs via Two Strategies: Direct Condensation of Aryl Nitriles with Sodium Azide, and Tri‐Component Reaction Method
Authors: Tourani Hesam , Naimi‐Jamal M. Reza , Dekamin Mohammad G.
Published: July 2018

Various 5‐substituted‐1H‐tetrazoles were synthesized via two strategies; direct [3+2] cycloaddition of substituted aryl nitriles with sodium azide, and tri‐component reaction of aldehydes, hydroxylamine hydrochloride with sodium azide in dimethylformamide (DMF) by applying M2(BDC)2(DABCO) [M: Cu, Co and Ni, BDC=1, 4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, and DABCO= 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane] as heterogeneous catalyst. Short reaction time, high yield, totally straightforward procedure and easy work‐up, as well as preparing tetrazole derivatives via relatively cheap and easily available aldehydes (in three‐component method) are some beneficial features of mentioned methodologies. It was found that among three studied transition metals, copper has a unique advantage over other metals in formation of the desired product.
Self‐Assembly of CoPt Magnetic Nanoparticle Arrays and its Underlying Forces
Authors: Bian Baoru , Chen Guoxin , Zheng Qiang , Du Juan , Lu Huanming , Liu J. Ping , Hu Yong , Zhang Zhidong
Published: July 2018

Nanoparticles covered with surfactants are often used to study particle motion patterns and self‐assembly processes in solutions. Surfactants have influence on the interparticle interactions and therefore on the particle motion tracks and final patterns. In this study, CoPt nanoparticles are synthesized in aqueous solution without any surfactant. In situ transmission electron microscopy observation is performed to monitor the self‐assemble process. Two types of magnetic nanoparticle superlattice arrays are formed: hexagonal equal distance superlattice arrays when particle size is 3 nm, and tight unequal distance superlattice arrays when particle size is 4.5 nm. It is interesting to observe that two small arrays merge into a large one through rotational and translational movements. A Monte Carlo simulation is carried out which successfully restores the whole process. It is identified that the underlying forces are van der Waals and magnetic dipolar interactions. The latter is responsible for orientation of each particle during the whole process. This investigation leads to a better understanding of the formation mechanism of magnetic nanoparticle superlattice arrays.
Highly Dispersed Copper Nanoparticles Supported on Activated Carbon as an Efficient Catalyst for Selective Reduction of Vanillin
Authors: Fan Ruoyu , Chen Chun , Han Miaomiao , Gong Wanbing , Zhang Haimin , Zhang Yunxia , Zhao Huijun , Wang Guozhong
Published: July 2018

Highly dispersed copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) supported on activated carbon (AC) are effectively synthesized by one‐pot carbothermal method at temperature range of 400–700 °C. The X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis reveal that Cu NPs with diameters of 20–30 nm are evenly anchored in carbon matrix. The 15 wt%‐Cu/AC‐600 catalyst (derived at 600 °C) exhibits best bifunctional catalysis of aqueous‐phase hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and organic‐phase transfer‐hydrogenation reaction (THR) to selectively transform vanillin to 2‐methoxy‐4‐methylphenol (MMP). In HDO of vanillin, the as‐prepared catalyst achieves a 99.9% vanillin conversion and 93.2% MMP selectivity under 120 °C, 2.0 MPa H2 within 5 h. Meanwhile, near‐quantitative vanillin conversion and 99.1% MMP selectivity are also obtained under 180 °C within 5 h in THR of vanillin by using 2‐propanol as hydrogen donor. The transforming pathways of vanillin are also proposed: vanillin is transformed into MMP via intermediate of 4‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐methoxyphenol in HDO case and by direct hydrogenolysis of vanillin in THR course. More importantly, the activity and the selectivity do not change after 5 cycles, indicating the catalyst has excellent stability. The Cu‐based catalyst is relatively cheap and preparation method is facile, green, and easy scale‐up, thus achieving a low‐cost transformation of biomass to bio‐oils and chemicals.
An Eocene paraclupeid fish (Teleostei, Ellimmichthyiformes) from Bolca, Italy: the youngest marine record of double‐armoured herrings
Authors: Marramà Giuseppe , Bannikov Alexandre F. , Kriwet Jürgen , Carnevale Giorgio
Published: July 2018

A new double‐armoured herring of the clupeomorph order Ellimmichthyiformes, Eoellimmichthys superstes gen. et sp. nov., is described herein based on a single partially complete specimen from the early Eocene Pesciara site of the Bolca Konservat‐Lagerstätte, north‐eastern Italy. The fossil documented herein exhibits a unique combination of features (e.g. ornamentation of the skull bones; medial fusion of the contralateral halves of the neural arches of abdominal vertebrae; teeth on endopterygoid, parhypural fused to the first preural centrum; presence of a short series of 6 (or 7) predorsal scutes increasing in size posteriorly; postpelvic scutes bearing very prominent spines), which clearly supports its recognition as a new genus and species of the family Paraclupeidae. Evidence is provided to show that Eoellimmichthys gen. nov. is most closely related phylogenetically to the Early Cretaceous genus Ellimmichthys. The new taxon described herein represents the youngest marine occurrence of the family Paraclupeidae and, more generally, of the order Ellimmichthyiformes, suggesting that the shallow marine settings of the Tethys might have favoured the persistence of certain fish lineages that were severely affected by the end‐Cretaceous mass extinction.
Spatial and temporal trends of nitrate, chloride, and bromide concentration in an alluvial aquifer, North‐Central Texas, USA
Authors: Hudak Paul F.
Published: July 2018

The Seymour aquifer consists of unconfined outcrops of sand and gravel in a semiarid, agricultural region of north‐central Texas in the United States of America. Most water samples collected from the aquifer in 2015 had nitrate concentrations above the drinking water standard of 44.3 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Generally, areas with high nitrate concentration in 2010 remained high in 2015, although the median dropped by 3.9 mg/L. The largest decreases in nitrate concentration—up to 97 mg/L (60%)—were observed in wells with depths less than the median of 13.1 meters (m). However, other wells, including depths above and below the median, showed increases in nitrate concentration of up to 40 mg/L (42%). In 2015, chloride concentrations in six wells exceeded the secondary contaminant level of 250 mg/L, and one well had a chloride concentration of 1,810 mg/L. Past and ongoing agricultural practices, including cultivation of native grassland, application of fertilizer, and irrigation with nitrate‐contaminated groundwater, help sustain overall high nitrate concentrations within the aquifer. Local conditions governing nitrogen inputs and dilution result in significant improvement or worsening of the nitrate problem over relatively short timeframes. The pumping of groundwater from the aquifer may facilitate mixing with groundwater of increased salinity that has been affected by the dissolution of evaporites in underlying Permian bedrock.
Mapping of novel salt tolerance QTL in an Excalibur × Kukri doubled haploid wheat population
Authors: Asif Muhammad A. , Schilling Rhiannon K. , Tilbrook Joanne , Brien Chris , Dowling Kate , Rabie Huwaida , Short Laura , Trittermann Christine , Garcia Alexandre , Barrett-Lennard Edward G. , Berger Bettina , Mather Diane E. , Gilliham Matthew , Fleury Delphine , Tester Mark , Roy Stuart J. , Pearson Allison S.
Published: July 2018

Key message

Novel QTL for salinity tolerance traits have been detected using non-destructive and destructive phenotyping in bread wheat and were shown to be linked to improvements in yield in saline fields.

Soil salinity is a major limitation to cereal production. Breeding new salt-tolerant cultivars has the potential to improve cereal crop yields. In this study, a doubled haploid bread wheat mapping population, derived from the bi-parental cross of Excalibur × Kukri, was grown in a glasshouse under control and salinity treatments and evaluated using high-throughput non-destructive imaging technology. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of this population detected multiple QTL under salt and control treatments. Of these, six QTL were detected in the salt treatment including one for maintenance of shoot growth under salinity (QG(1–5).asl-7A), one for leaf Na+ exclusion (QNa.asl-7A) and four for leaf K+ accumulation (QK.asl-2B.1, QK.asl-2B.2, QK.asl-5A and QK:Na.asl-6A). The beneficial allele for QG(1–5).asl-7A (the maintenance of shoot growth under salinity) was present in six out of 44 mainly Australian bread and durum wheat cultivars. The effect of each QTL allele on grain yield was tested in a range of salinity concentrations at three field sites across 2 years. In six out of nine field trials with different levels of salinity stress, lines with alleles for Na+ exclusion and/or K+ maintenance at three QTL (QNa.asl-7A, QK.asl-2B.2 and QK:Na.asl-6A) excluded more Na+ or accumulated more K+ compared to lines without these alleles. Importantly, the QK.asl-2B.2 allele for higher K+ accumulation was found to be associated with higher grain yield at all field sites. Several alleles at other QTL were associated with higher grain yields at selected field sites.
Phase 1 dose-escalation study of momelotinib, a Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor, combined with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel in patients with previously untreated metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ng Kimmie , Hendifar Andrew , Starodub Alexander , Chaves Jorge , Yang Yingsi , Koh Brian , Barbie David , Hahn William C. , Fuchs Charles S.
Published: July 2018

Purpose Preclinical evidence suggests the importance of Janus activating kinase (JAK) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We evaluated the safety and efficacy of momelotinib (MMB), a JAK1/2 inhibitor with additional activity against TBK1, plus albumin-bound paclitaxel + gemcitabine (nab-P + G), in patients with previously untreated metastatic PDAC. Experimental Design Patients were enrolled into five cohorts of increasing doses of MMB between 100 and 200 mg administered once or twice daily in combination with nab-P + G in 28-day cycles to determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics were assessed for all patients. Results Twenty-five patients were enrolled. Dose-limiting toxicities of Grade 3 diarrhea occurred in 1 patient each in the 100 and 200 mg MMB once-daily dose groups. MTD was not reached. The 200 mg MMB twice-daily was the maximum administered dose. Objective response rate was 28% (all partial responses), and 13 (52%) patients had a best response of stable disease. The most common adverse events (AEs) were fatigue (80%), nausea (76%), and anemia (68%). Grade 3 or 4 AEs, most commonly neutropenia (32%), were reported by 88% of patients, of which 44% were considered related to MMB. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed MMB concentrations were too low for TBK1 inhibition. Conclusions MMB was safe and well tolerated in combination with nab-P + G. As no OS or PFS benefit vs nab-P + G was apparent in context of suboptimal engagement of the target TBK1, this study does not support further development of MMB as a first-line therapy in pancreatic cancer.
The intergenerational transmission of trait emotional intelligence: The mediating role of parental autonomy support and psychological control
Authors: Costa Sebastiano , Barberis Nadia , Gugliandolo Maria Cristina , Larcan Rosalba , Cuzzocrea Francesca
Published: July 2018

Introduction

Trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) is a relevant construct that could promote positive development in adolescents and may predict a number of affect‐related outcomes. However, studies focused on its antecedents are still scarce. The main aim of this study is to examine the intergenerational transmission of trait EI from parents to adolescents and the mediating role of parental autonomy support and psychological control.

Methods

Our sample was comprised of 152 cohabiting families, with adolescents (75 males and 77 females) between 16 and 17 years old (M = 16.45; SD = 0.50).

Results

Results suggested that paternal and maternal trait EI positively predicted paternal and maternal autonomy support and psychological control, and adolescent trait EI was predicted by maternal trait EI, adolescent perception of parental autonomy support and adolescent perception of parental psychological control. Adolescent perception of parental autonomy support and adolescent perception of parental psychological control were shown to act as mediators between adolescents' trait EI and paternal and maternal trait EI.

Conclusions

The results extend the literature on the role of parents in the development of trait EI and confirm the relevance of trait EI for affect‐related outcomes.
“Why is Studying Hard a Violation of Human Rights?”: Tensions and Contradictions in Korean Students’ Reasoning about Human Rights
Authors: Kim Geena
Published: July 2018

This study investigated how Korean students apply principles of human rights to social issues in Korean and international contexts and how they differentiate between human rights and other values. Open-ended, task-based interviews were conducted with 22 high school students in Korea. Korean students were aware of human rights violations involved in any given social issues, but their explanations focused only on the principle of political and economic equality. However, Korean students showed contradictory reasoning when they pointed to human rights issues in international or Korean settings; whereas they pointed to structural oppression as the cause of human rights violations and applied universal principles of human rights in the international context, they considered individual choices and traditional values in the Korean context. This study indicates that Korean students’ understanding of human rights is influenced by a variety of contextual factors in and out of school, and it suggests that social studies educators must challenge students’ prior experiences with and ideas about human rights issues in settings outside of school.
The Immunity of Heads of States of Nonparties in the Early Years of the ICC
Authors: Akande Dapo
Published: July 2018

More than any other international criminal tribunal, the International Criminal Court (ICC) has, in its early years, pursued cases against heads of state. The Court issued arrest warrants for President Omar al Bashir of Sudan and for Muammar Gaddafi while he was Libya's head of state, and it charged Uhuru Kenyatta shortly before he became head of state of Kenya. These attempts to prosecute heads of states have not only led to tensions between the Court and the African Union,1 but also pit the desire to hold senior leaders accountable for grave international crimes against the customary international law principle that certain senior state officials—especially heads of state—have immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction by virtue of their status, including immunity from arrest and their inviolability when abroad.2
Stability analysis of non-isothermal fibre spinning of polymeric solutions
Authors: Gupta Karan , Chokshi Paresh
Published: July 2018

The stability of fibre spinning flow of a polymeric fluid is analysed in the presence of thermal effects. The spinline is modelled as a one-dimensional slender-body filament of the entangled polymer solution. The previous study (Gupta & Chokshi,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 776, 2015, pp. 268–289) analysed linear and nonlinear stability behaviour of an isothermal extensional flow in the air gap during the fibre spinning process. The present study extends the analysis to take in to account the non-isothermal spinning flow in which the spinline loses heat by convection to the surrounding air as well as by solvent evaporation. The nonlinear rheology of the polymer solution is described using the eXtended Pom-Pom (XPP) model. The non-isothermal effects influence the rheology of the fluid through viscosity, which is taken to be temperature and concentration dependent. The linear stability analysis is carried out to obtain the draw ratio for the onset of instability, known as the draw resonance, and a stability diagram is constructed in the$DR_{c}{-}De$plane.$DR_{c}$is the critical draw ratio, and$De$is the flow Deborah number. The enhancement in viscosity driven by spinline cooling leads to postponement in the onset of draw resonance, indicating the stabilising role of non-isothermal effects. Weakly nonlinear stability analysis is also performed to reveal the role of nonlinearities in the finite amplitude manifold in the vicinity of the flow transition point. For low to moderate Deborah numbers, the bifurcation is supercritical, and the flow attains an oscillatory state with an equilibrium amplitude post-transition when$DR>DR_{c}$. The equilibrium amplitude of the resonating state is found to be smaller when non-isothermal effects are incorporated in comparison to the isothermal spinning flow. For very fast flows in the regime of high Deborah numbers, the finite amplitude manifold crosses over to a subcritical state. In this limit, the nonlinearities render the flow unstable even in the linearly stable regime of$DR<DR_{c}$.
Exact third-order structure functions for two-dimensional turbulence
Authors: Xie Jin-Han , Bühler Oliver
Published: July 2018

We derive and investigate exact expressions for third-order structure functions in stationary isotropic two-dimensional turbulence, assuming a statistical balance between random forcing and dissipation both at small and large scales. Our results extend previously derived asymptotic expressions in the enstrophy and energy inertial ranges by providing uniformly valid expressions that apply across the entire non-dissipative range, which, importantly, includes the forcing scales. In the special case of white noise in time forcing this leads to explicit predictions for the third-order structure functions, which are successfully tested against previously published high-resolution numerical simulations. We also consider spectral energy transfer rates and suggest and test a simple robust diagnostic formula that is useful when forcing is applied at more than one scale.
Stokes flow of vesicles in a circular tube
Authors: Barakat Joseph M. , Shaqfeh Eric S. G.
Published: July 2018

The inertialess motion of lipid-bilayer vesicles flowing through a circular tube is investigated via direct numerical simulation and lubrication theory. A fully three-dimensional boundary integral equation method, previously used to study unbounded and wall-bounded Stokes flows around freely suspended vesicles, is extended to study the hindered mobility of vesicles through conduits of arbitrary cross-section. This study focuses on the motion of a periodic train of vesicles positioned concentrically inside a circular tube, with particular attention given to the effects of tube confinement, vesicle deformation and membrane bending elasticity. When the tube diameter is comparable to the transverse dimension of the vesicle, axisymmetric lubrication theory provides an approximate solution to the full Stokes-flow problem. By combining the present numerical results with a previously reported asymptotic theory (Barakat & Shaqfeh, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 835, 2018, pp. 721–761), useful correlations are developed for the vesicle velocity $U$ and extra pressure drop $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}p^{+}$. When bending elasticity is relatively weak, these correlations are solely functions of the geometry of the system (independent of the imposed flow rate). The prediction of Barakat & Shaqfeh (2018) supplies the correct limiting behaviour of $U$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}p^{+}$ near maximal confinement, whereas the present study extends this result to all regimes of confinement. Vesicle–vesicle interactions, shape transitions induced by symmetry breaking, and unsteadiness introduce quantitative changes to $U$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}p^{+}$. By contrast, membrane bending elasticity can qualitatively affect the hydrodynamics at sufficiently low flow rates. The dependence of $U$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}p^{+}$ on the membrane bending stiffness (relative to a characteristic viscous stress scale) is found to be rather complex. In particular, the competition between viscous forces and bending forces can hinder or enhance the vesicle’s mobility, depending on the geometry and flow conditions.
ON MAHLER’S CLASSIFICATION OF -ADIC NUMBERS
Authors: BUGEAUD YANN , KEKEÇ GÜLCAN
Published: July 2018

We give transcendence measures for$p$-adic numbers$\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}$, having good rational (respectively, integer) approximations, that force them to be either$p$-adic$S$-numbers or$p$-adic$T$-numbers.
The importance of phospholipids combined with long-chain PUFA in formulated diets for pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae
Authors: Lund Ivar , El Kertaoui Najlae , Izquierdo Marisol S. , Dominguez David , Hansen Benni W. , Kestemont Patrick
Published: July 2018

Dietary phosphoglycerides andn-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) play important functions in the development of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae. This study aimed to determine optimal dietary levels of soyabean lecithin (SBL)-derived phospholipids (PL) in starter feeds for pikeperch larvae 10–30 d post-hatch (DPH) and examine performance and ontogeny by additional supplementation ofn-3 LC-PUFA in the form of Algatrium DHA 70 (glyceride product; 660–700 mg/g DHA; EPA 60–75 mg/g). In total, six isoproteic and isoenergetic extruded diets were formulated with increasing levels of PL (3·7, 8·3 or 14·5 % wet weight (w.w.), respectively); however, three of the diets were supplemented with three levels of Algatrium DHA 70 (0·6, 2·0 or 3·4 %, respectively). Liver proteomic analyses of larvae at 30 DPH were included for effects of PL and primarily DHA on performance, physiological expression and interactions in larval proteins. In addition, bone anomalies, digestive enzymatic activity, candidate gene expression and skeleton morphogenesis were examined. Results confirmed the importance of dietary PL levels of at least 8·2 % w.w., and an additional beneficiary effect of supplementation with DHA plus EPA. Thus, combined supplementation of SBL (up to 14·51 % w.w. PL) andn-3 LC-PUFA (1·004 % DM DHA and 0·169 % DM EPA) in the form of TAG resulted in highest growth and lowest incidence of anomalies, improved digestive enzyme activity and had differential effect on liver proteomics. The results denote that essential fatty acids can be supplemented as TAG to have beneficial effects in pikeperch larvae development.
The relationship between adiposity and cognitive function in a large community-dwelling population: data from the Trinity Ulster Department of Agriculture (TUDA) ageing cohort study
Authors: Ntlholang Ontefetse , McCarroll Kevin , Laird Eamon , Molloy Anne M. , Ward Mary , McNulty Helene , Hoey Leane , Hughes Catherine F. , Strain J. J. , Casey Miriam , Cunningham Conal
Published: July 2018

Previous reports investigating adiposity and cognitive function in the population allude to a negative association, although the relationship in older adults is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of adiposity (BMI and waist:hip ratio (WHR)) with cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years). Participants included 5186 adults from the Trinity Ulster Department of Agriculture ageing cohort study. Neuropsychological assessment measures included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Multi-variable linear regression models were used to assess the association between adiposity and cognitive function adjusting for insulin resistance, inflammation and cerebrovascular disease. The mean ages were 80·3 (sd6·7), 71·0 (sd7·3) and 70·2 (sd6·3) years on the cognitive, bone and hypertensive cohorts, respectively. In the cognitive cohort, BMI was positively associated with immediate and delay memory, visuospatial/constructional ability, language and MMSE, and negatively with FAB (log-transformed), whereas WHR was negatively associated with attention. In the bone cohort, BMI was not associated with any cognitive domain, whereas WHR was negatively associated with visuospatial/constructional ability, attention and MMSE. In the hypertensive cohort, BMI was not associated with any cognitive domain, whereas WHR was negatively associated with immediate and delayed memory, visuospatial/constructional ability, language and MMSE and positively with FAB (log-transformed). In the cognitive and bone cohorts, the association of WHR and attention disappeared by further controlling for C-reactive protein and HbA1C. In this study of older adults, central adiposity was a stronger predictor of poor cognitive performance than BMI. Older adults could benefit from targeted public health strategies aimed at reducing obesity and obeseogenic risk factors to avoid/prevent/slow cognitive dysfunction.
Effect ofBifidobacterium lactisHN019 on inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in subjects with and without the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Bernini Luciana J. , Simão Andréa N. Colado , de Souza Cínthia H. B. , Alfieri Daniela F. , Segura Liliane G. , Costa Giselle N. , Dichi Isaias
Published: July 2018

Beneficial effects of probiotics have been reported on body weight, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, inflammatory state and oxidative stress in healthy subjects and in many metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects ofBifidobacterium lactisHN019 on inflammatory state and nitro-oxidative stress in patients with and without the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The usual diets of the thirty-three subjects were supplemented with probiotic milk for 90 d. Inflammatory markers and oxidative measurements were performed. In relation to the baseline values, subjects in both groups showed a decrease in homocysteine (P=0·02 andP=0·03, respectively), hydroperoxides (P=0·02 andP=0·01, respectively) and IL-6 levels (P=0·02). Increases in adiponectin (P=0·04) and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx,P=0·001) levels were only seen in the group with the MetS in relation to the baseline values, whereas only the individuals without the MetS had increases in total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter levels (P=0·002). In conclusion,B. lactisHN019 have several beneficial effects on inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers in healthy subjects and the MetS patients. Patients with the MetS showed a specific improvement in adiponectin and NOx levels, whereas a specific favourable effect was shown in the antioxidant defenses in healthy subjects. If the results obtained in the present study are confirmed, supplementation of fermented milk with probiotics in healthy subjects and patients with the MetS must be further discussed.
Energy depletion by 24-h fast leads to compensatory appetite responses compared with matched energy depletion by exercise in healthy young males
Authors: Thivel David , Finlayson Graham , Miguet Maud , Pereira Bruno , Duclos Martine , Boirie Yves , Doucet Eric , Blundell John E. , Metz Lore
Published: July 2018

Although there is a growing interest for the effects of intermittent fasting on energy balance, this study aimed to compare appetite, energy intake and food reward responses with an energy depletion induced either by 24-h food restriction or an equivalent deficit with exercise in healthy males. In all, twelve healthy lean males (21·5 (sd 0·5) years old; BMI: 22·5 (sd 1·7) kg/m2) participated in this study. Body composition, aerobic capacity, food preferences and energy intake were assessed. They randomly completed three conditions: (i) no depletion (CON); (ii) full 24-h energy restrictions (Def-EI); and (iii) exercise condition (Def-EX). Ad libitum energy intake and food reward were assessed at the end of each session. Appetite feelings were assessed regularly. Ad libitum energy intake was higher on Def-EI (7330 (sd 2975) kJ (1752 (sd 711) kcal) compared with that on CON (5301 (sd 1205) kJ (1267 (sd 288) kcal)) (P<0·05), with no difference between CON and Def-EX (6238 (sd 1741) kJ (1491 (sd 416) kcal) (P=0·38) and between Def-EX and Def-EI (P=0·22). There was no difference in the percent energy ingested from macronutrients. Hunger was lower on CON and Def-EX compared with Def-EI (P<0·001). Satiety was higher on CON and Def-EI compared with that on Def-EX (P<0·001). There was a significant interaction condition × time for food choice fat bias (P=0·04), showing a greater preference for high-fat v. low-fat food during Def-EI and Def-EX. Although 24-h fasting leads to increased energy intake at the following test meal (without total daily energy intake difference), increased hunger profile and decreased post-meal food choice fat bias, such nutritional responses are not observed after a similar deficit induced by exercise.
The Virgin of Guadalupe, Juan Diego, and the Revival of theTilmaRelic in Los Angeles
Authors: Noreen Kirstin
Published: July 2018

Devotion to the image of the Virgin of Guadalupe in Los Angeles has a complex and multifaceted history. This article will discuss the initial celebrations of Our Lady of Guadalupe, beginning with a procession in 1928 and developing with increasing popularity in the 1930s. By 1941, the Virgin of Guadalupe had become an important political and religious symbol for the archbishop of Los Angeles, John J. Cantwell, who conducted a pilgrimage to Mexico City, during which he reconfirmed the significance of the Guadalupe image for the Los Angeles Catholic community. In commemoration of Archbishop Cantwell's historic visit, a fragment of thetilma, the cloak on which the Virgin of Guadalupe representation had appeared, was offered to Los Angeles. As the only known piece of thetilmacurrently found outside of Mexico City, this relic has great devotional significance. As this article will show, thetilmarelic disappeared into relative obscurity following its arrival in Los Angeles, only to become a renewed focus of devotion over sixty years later, in 2003. This article will conclude with the reasons behind the relic's revival through a discussion of Juan Diego and his canonization.
Occurrence, diagnosis and follow-up of canine strongyloidiosis in naturally infected shelter dogs
Authors: Iatta Roberta , Buonfrate Dora , Paradies Paola , Cavalera Maria Alfonsa , Capogna Antonio , Iarussi Fabrizio , Šlapeta Jan , Giorli Giovanni , Trerotoli Paolo , Bisoffi Zeno , Otranto Domenico
Published: July 2018

Strongyloidiosis byStrongyloides stercoralisis a disease of increasing interest in human and animal medicine. The scientific knowledge on canine strongyloidiosis is hindered by the poor diagnostics available. To assess the most sensitive and specific diagnostic method, feces and blood from 100 shelter dogs were screened forS. stercoralisby coprological, molecular and serological tests. Thirty-six dogs (36%) scored positive toS. stercoralisby coprology (22.3% to Baermann) and/or 30% to real time-polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR). According to two composite reference standards (CRS) based on all coprological methods and rt-PCR (first CRS) or in combination with serology (second CRS), the most sensitive test was IFAT (93.8%; CI 82.8–98.7), followed by rt-PCR (80.6%; 95% CI 64–91.8) and Baermann (60.6%; 95% CI 42.1–77.1). The inconsistent shedding of L1 during the 4-week follow-up in infected dogs suggests the importance of multiple faecal collections for a reliable diagnosis. A combination of serological and coprological tests is recommended for the surveillance and diagnosis ofS. stercoralisinfection in dogs.
Altered resting-state cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Xu Tingting , Zhao Qing , Wang Pei , Fan Qing , Chen Jue , Zhang Haiyin , Yang Zhi , Stein Dan J. , Wang Zhen
Published: July 2018

Background

The role of the cerebellum in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has drawn increasing attention. However, the functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex has not been investigated in OCD, nor has the relationship between such functional connectivity and clinical symptoms.

Methods

A total of 27 patients with OCD and 21 healthy controls (HCs) matched on age, sex and education underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Seed-based connectivity analyses were performed to examine differences in cerebellar-cerebral connectivity in patients with OCD compared with HCs. Associations between functional connectivity and clinical features in OCD were analyzed.

Results

Compared with HCs, OCD patients showed significantly decreased cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity in executive control and emotion processing networks. Within the OCD group, decreased functional connectivity in an executive network spanning the right cerebellar Crus I and the inferior parietal lobule was positively correlated with symptom severity, and decreased connectivity in an emotion processing network spanning the left cerebellar lobule VI and the lingual gyrus was negatively correlated with illness duration.

Conclusions

Altered functional connectivity between the cerebellum and cerebral networks involved in cognitive-affective processing in patients with OCD provides further evidence for the involvement of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of OCD, and is consistent with impairment in executive control and emotion regulation in this condition.
On the ignition of small thermonuclear assemblies
Authors: Winterberg Friedwardt
Published: July 2018

A novel way for igniting small thermonuclear assemblies by inertial confinement is proposed, by replacing the positive mass of an imploding dense star with the negative mass in the reference frame of a rapidly rotating thermonuclear target. According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, this negative mass can be orders of magnitude larger than the positive mass density of a neutron star. This novel concept also replaces the Plutonium 239 “spark plugs” of large thermonuclear devices with a shell of natural uranium surrounding a target composed of DT or Li6D.

Unlike the ignition by a laser – or particle beam – induced spherical implosion, this configuration, similar to that of an imploding star is not only Rayleigh–Taylor stable, but it can be realized with intense relativistic electron or ion beams, with an energy of about 100 MJ, having a short range in the dense high Z natural uranium shell.
Relativistic effects on propagation of q-Gaussian laser beam in a rippled density plasma: Application of higher order corrections
Authors: Kaur M. , Agarwal P. C. , Kaur S. , Gill T. S.
Published: July 2018

A nonparaxial investigation for propagation characteristics of q-Gaussian laser beam in rippled density plasma is studied by considering the relativistic nonlinearity. The field distribution in the medium is expressed in terms of q parameter and beam width parameter f. Nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation governing the evolution of complex envelope in slowly varying approximation is solved in a modulated density profile. Analytical theory of self-focusing including higher order terms in the expansion of dielectric function up to fourth order is developed and the variation of beam width parameter f with the distance of propagation for different parameters is studied. One may note that increased value of density ripple, laser intensity and depth of modulation, increases self-focusing whereas a lower value of q shows strong self-focusing. A comparative study between paraxial and nonparaxial study has also conducted. This study is useful for research in high energy density physics.
An adaptive hierarchical control for aerial manipulators
Authors: Pierri Francesco , Muscio Giuseppe , Caccavale Fabrizio
Published: July 2018

This paper addresses the trajectory tracking control problem for a quadrotor aerial vehicle, equipped with a robotic manipulator (aerial manipulator). The controller is organized in two layers: in the top layer, an inverse kinematics algorithm computes the motion references for the actuated variables; in the bottom layer, a motion control algorithm is in charge of tracking the motion references computed by the upper layer. To the purpose, a model-based control scheme is adopted, where modelling uncertainties are compensated through an adaptive term. The stability of the proposed scheme is proven by resorting to Lyapunov arguments. Finally, a simulation case study is proposed to prove the effectiveness of the approach.