bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First principles investigation on energetics, structure, and mechanical properties of amorphous carbon films doped with B, N, and Cl
Authors: Park Hwanyeol , Woo Daekwang , Lee Jong Myeong , Park Se Jun , Lee Sungwoo , Kim Ho Jun , Yoon Euijoon , Lee Gun-Do
Published: December 2019

Amorphous carbon (a-C) films have received significant attention due to their reliable structures and superior mechanical, chemical and electronic properties, making them a strong candidate as a hard mask material. We investigated the energetics, structure, and electronic and mechanical properties of the B, N, and Cl doped a-C films based on density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Our DFT calculated results clearly show that introducing B and N atoms into a-C films makes the bulk modulus slightly reduced as a function of the concentration increases. Interestingly, it is noted that introducing Cl atom into a-C films makes the bulk modulus is drastically reduced, which suggests that the films softened by Cl doping would relieve residual stress of the individual layers within the overall stacks in integrated semiconductor devices. These requirements become more important and increasingly more challenging to meet as the device integrity grows. In the perspective of F blocking nature, B doping into a-C films pulls in and captures the F atom due to the strong bonding nature of B‒F bond than C-F bond. Unlike the B doping, for the N doped a-C film, F atom has extremely large diffusion barrier of 4.92 eV. This large diffusion barrier is attributed to the electrostatically repulsive force between both atoms. The Cl doped a-C film shows consistently the similar results with the N doped a-C film because both N and Cl atoms have large electro-negativity, which causes F atom to push out. If one notes the optimized designing with the suitable doped characteristics, our results could provide a new straightforward strategy to tailor the a-C films with excellent mechanical and other novel physical and chemical properties.
Understanding the impact of one-dimensional pore containing 10MR and 12MR and aluminium content on MTH reaction pathways: direct synthesis of heteroatom containing UZM-55
Authors: Galey Melissa M. , Miller Mark A. , Lanuza Mary , Prabhakar Sesh , Nicholas Christopher P.
Published: December 2019

We directly synthesized one-dimensional zeolite UZM-55 as an aluminosilicate and catalyzed MTH to understand pore structure influence on catalytic properties.
Comment on “Powering sustainable development within planetary boundaries” by I. M. Algunaibet, C. Pozo, A. Galán-Martín, M. A. J. Huijbregts, N. Mac Dowell and G. Guillén-Gosálbez, Energy Environ. Sci., 2019, 12, 1890
Authors: Yang Yi
Published: December 2019

It is an error to multiply the total production of an intermediate product (electricity, crops, steel, cement, petroleum, etc.) by its life-cycle emission or resource use intensities (e.g., CO2e per kg), whatever that yields.
Functionalized electrospun polymer nanofibers for treatment of water contaminated with uranium
Authors: Johns Adam , Qian Jiajie , Carolan Margaret E. , Shaikh Nabil , Peroutka Allison , Seeger Anna , Cerrato José M. , Forbes Tori Z. , Cwiertny David M.
Published: December 2019

Johns et al. fabricates and demonstrates the performance of functionalized polymer nanofibers for treatment of uranium in contaminated drinking water.
Organic structure and solid characteristics determine reactivity of phenolic compounds with synthetic and reclaimed manganese oxides
Authors: Trainer Emma Leverich , Ginder-Vogel Matthew , Remucal Christina K.
Published: December 2019

Phenolic substituents and manganese oxide characteristics influence oxidation kinetics and mechanism, as well as the utility of QSARs.
Capacitive deionization and electrosorption for heavy metal removal
Authors: Chen Raylin , Sheehan Thomas , Ng Jing Lian , Brucks Matthew , Su Xiao
Published: December 2019

Electrosorption and capacitive deionization technologies can be effective processes in removing heavy metal for water purification, wastewater treatment, resource recovery, and environmental remediation.
Effects of short-term consumption of strawberry powder on select parameters of vascular health in adolescent males
Authors: Holt Roberta R. , Zuelch Michelle L. , Charoenwoodhipong Prae , Al-Dashti Yousef A. , Hackman Robert M. , Keen Carl L.
Published: December 2019

In both children and adults, dietary interventions strongly supports the concept that the regular consumption of strawberries can be associated with improvements in cardiovascular health.
Synthesis and thermal reaction of stainless steel nanowires
Authors: Csiszár Gábor , Schellenberger Martin , Schmitz Guido
Published: December 2019

To explore the potential of stainless steel nano objects, we developed an electrochemical method for and investigated the fabrication of FeCr(C) nanowires and rigorously studied their thermal reaction to design tailored microstructures.
Ce6/Mn2+-chelated polydopamine@black-TiO2 nanoprobes for enhanced synergistic phototherapy and magnetic resonance imaging in 4T1 breast cancer
Authors: Gao Yang , Zhang Luyun , Liu Yanhong , Sun Sijia , Yin Zhibin , Zhang Lili , Li Aiguo , Lu Guangming , Wu Aiguo , Zeng Leyong
Published: December 2019

Ce6/Mn2+-chelated, polydopamine (PDA)-coated black TiO2 (b-P25@PDA-Ce6 (Mn)) nanoprobes with core–shell structure were constructed for enhanced synergistic phototherapy and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
One million cyclable blue/colourless electrochromic device using K2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2 nanoparticles synthesized with a micromixer
Authors: Takahashi Akira , Noda Keiko , Watanabe Hiroshi , Kawamoto Tohru
Published: December 2019

Well-defined K2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2-nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized with a micromixer showed robust redox reaction cyclability.
Stuttering as Defined by Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Tichenor Seth E. , Yaruss J. Scott
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Numerous frameworks and definitions have sought to differentiate what behaviors and experiences should be considered as a part of stuttering. Nearly all of these efforts have been based on the perspectives and beliefs of conversational partners and listeners. This outside-in approach to defining stuttering lacks validation from people who live with the condition.

Method

In this study, 430 adults who stutter participated in a qualitative exploration of the termstuttering. Data were analyzed thematically to determine speakers' perspectives about moment of stuttering and the overall experience of stuttering in their lives.

Results

To adults who stutter, the termstutteringsignifies a constellation of experiences beyond the observable speech disfluency behaviors that are typically defined as stuttering by listeners. Participants reported that the moment of stuttering often begins with a sensation of anticipation, feeling stuck, or losing control. This sensation may lead speakers to react in various ways, including affective, behavioral, and cognitive reactions that can become deeply ingrained as people deal with difficulties in saying what they want to say. These reactions can be associated with adverse impact on people's lives. This interrelated chain of events can be exacerbated by outside environmental factors, such as the reactions of listeners.

Discussion

Data from this survey provide novel evidence regarding what stuttering means to adults who stutter. These data are used to update the adaptation of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as it applies to stuttering (Yaruss & Quesal, 2004) to better account for the complex and individualized phenotype of stuttering and to develop a definition of the experience of stuttering that is based not only on the observations of listeners but also on the impact of stuttering on the lives of adults who stutter.
Reliability evaluation of power system considering wind generators coordinated with multi‐energy storage systems
Authors: Oh Ungjin , Lee Yeonchan , Choi Jaeseok , Karki Rajesh
Published: December 2019

This study proposes a new methodology for a probabilistic power system reliability evaluation using a Monte Carlo simulation in case of multi‐energy storage system (ESS) installed at wind farms. A large‐scale wind turbine generator (WTG) creates significant power fluctuations and effect the stability, frequency control, and then reliability of the power system. A high penetration of wind farms can result in unacceptable variations in the frequency and voltage in the power system. The significant power fluctuation impact of the WTG can, however, be reduced by installing an ESS. The proposed model can facilitate the reliability analysis and evaluation in a viewpoint of the contribution of each ESS installed at multiple wind farms integrated to a power system. The proposed method can also be used to assess the reasonable capacity of an ESS in the power system from a sensitivity analysis. A case study is demonstrated for the proposed model and methodology using a power system with similar size to the one in Jeju Island, South Korea.
Design of optical fibre coaxial couplers with arbitrary modal electric field
Authors: Aidinis Konstantinos , Angelis Kostas , Boucouvalas Anthony
Published: December 2019

The authors analyse a method, which leads to an efficient and precise algorithm for synthesising coaxial, optical fibre couplers of arbitrary modal electric‐field distributions. Their purpose is to design a fibre optic index profile supporting two pre‐selected mode fields such that their interference transfers all the optical power spatially from the core region to a cladding part of the optical fibre completely. To deal with this problem, they apply inverse transmission‐line techniques. Using the desired electric field, they work inversely and synthesise the appropriate refractive index profile of the couplers with excellent crosstalk. They envisage one can apply this technique to design fibre optic coaxial components acting as filters in sensing and numerous other applications.
The Tarantula Massive Binary Monitoring
Authors: Mahy L. , Almeida L. A. , Sana H. , Clark J. S. , de Koter A. , de Mink S. E. , Evans C. J. , Grin N. J. , Langer N. , Moffat A. F. J. , Schneider F. R. N. , Shenar T. , Tramper F.
Published: December 2019

Context. A high fraction of massive stars are found to be binaries but only a few of them are reported as photometrically variable. By studying the populations of double-lined spectroscopic binaries in the 30 Doradus region, we found a subset of them that have photometry from the OGLE project and that display variations in their light curves related to orbital motions.

Aims. The goal of this study is to determine the dynamical masses and radii of the 26 binary components in order to investigate the mass-discrepancy problem and to provide an empirical mass-luminosity relation for the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC).

Methods. We use the PHOEBE programme to perform a systematic analysis of the OGLE V and I light curves obtained for 13 binary systems in the 30 Doradus region. We adopt the effective temperatures, and orbital parameters derived previously to obtain the inclinations of the systems and the parameters of the individual components.

Results. Three systems display eclipses in their light curves, while the others only display ellipsoidal variations. We classify two systems as over-contact, five as semi-detached, and four as detached. The two remaining systems have uncertain configurations due to large uncertainties on their inclinations. The fact that systems display ellipsoidal variations has a significant impact on the inclination errors. From the dynamical masses, luminosities, and radii, we provide LMC-based empirical mass-luminosity and mass-radius relations, and we compare them to other relations given for the Galaxy, the LMC, and the Small Magellanic Cloud. These relations differ for different mass ranges, but do not seem to depend on the metallicity regimes. We also compare the dynamical, spectroscopic, and evolutionary masses of the stars in our sample. While the dynamical and spectroscopic masses agree with each other, the evolutionary masses are systematically higher, at least for stars in semi-detached systems. This suggests that the mass discrepancy can be partly explained by past or ongoing interactions between the stars.
The n2EDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute
Authors: Abel C. , Ayres N. J. , Ban G. , Bison G. , Bodek K. , Bondar V. , Chanel E. , Chiu P.-J. , Clement B. , Crawford C. , Daum M. , Emmenegger S. , Flaux P. , Ferraris-Bouchez L. , Griffith W.C. , Grujić Z.D. , Harris P.G. , Heil W. , Hild N. , Kirch K. , Koss P.A. , Kozela A. , Krempel J. , Lauss B. , Lefort T. , Lemière Y. , Leredde A. , Mohanmurthy P. , Naviliat-Cuncic O. , Pais D. , Piegsa F.M. , Pignol G. , Rawlik M. , Rebreyend D. , Ries D. , Roccia S. , Ross K. , Rozpedzik D. , Schmidt-Wellenburg P. , Schnabel A. , Severijns N. , Thorne J. , Virot R. , Voigt J. , Weis A. , Wursten E. , Zejma J. , Zsigmond G.
Published: December 2019

We present the new spectrometer for the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) search at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), called n2EDM. The setup is at room temperature in vacuum using ultracold neutrons. n2EDM features a large UCN double storage chamber design with neutron transport adapted to the PSI UCN source. The design builds on experience gained from the previous apparatus operated at PSI until 2017. An order of magnitude increase in sensitivity is calculated for the new baseline setup based on scalable results from the previous apparatus, and the UCN source performance achieved in 2016.
New project for precise neutron lifetime measurement at J-PARC
Authors: Nagakura Naoki , Hirota Katsuya , Ieki Sei , Ino Takashi , Iwashita Yoshihisa , Kitaguchi Masaaki , Kitahara Ryunosuke , Koga Jun , Mishima Kenji , Morishita Aya , Nakano Yusuke , Oide Hideyuki , Okabe Hiroki , Otono Hidetoshi , Seki Yoshichika , Sekiba Daiichiro , Shima Tatsushi , Shimizu Hirohiko , Sumi Naoyuki , Sumino Hirochika , Taketani Kaoru , Tomita Tatsuhiko , Uehara Hideaki , Yamada Takahito , Yamashita Satoru , Yokohashi Mami , Yoshioka Tamaki
Published: December 2019

The decay lifetime of free neutrons (∼880 s) is an important parameter of the weak interaction and for Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. However, results of measurements currently show discrepancies depending on the method used. As most experiments nowadays employ ultra cold neutrons, we have developed a new cold-beam experiment which we perform at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex. As a special feature, a polarized neutron beam is bunched by a spin flip chopper. A time projection chamber operated with He and CO2gas, including a well-controlled amount of3He, is used for detection of the beta-decays and simultaneous determination of the beam intensity. Using the data between 2014 and 2016, we evaluated our first, preliminary result of the neutron lifetime as 896 ± 10(stat.)−10+14(sys.) s. We plan several upgrades to achieve our precision goal of 1 s.
Status of the UCNτ experiment
Authors: Pattie R.W. , Callahan N.B. , Cude-Woods C. , Adamek E.R. , Adams M. , Barlow D. , Blatnik M. , D. Bowman , Broussard L.J. , Clayton S. , Currie S. , Dees E.B. , Ding X. , Fellers D. , Fox W. , Fries E. , Gonzalez F. , Geltenbort P. , Hickerson K.P. , Hoffbauer M.A. , Hoffman K. , Holley A.T. , Howard D. , Ito T.M. , Komives A. , Liu C.Y. , M. Makela , Medina J. , Morley D. , Morris C.L. , O'Connor T. , Penttilä S.I. , Ramsey J.C. , Roberts A. , Salvat D. , Saunders A. , Seestrom S.J. , Sharapov E.I. , Sjue S.K.L. , Snow W.M. , Sprow A. , Vanderwerp J. , Vogelaar B. , P.L. Walstrom , Wang Z. , Weaver H. , Wexler J. , Womack T.L. , Young A.R. , Zeck B.A.
Published: December 2019

The neutron is the simplest nuclear system that can be used to probe the structure of the weak interaction and search for physics beyond the standard model. Measurements of neutron lifetime and β-decay correlation coefficients with precisions of 0.02% and 0.1%, respectively, would allow for stringent constraints on new physics. The UCNτ experiment uses an asymmetric magneto-gravitational UCN trap with in situ counting of surviving neutrons to measure the neutron lifetime, τn = 877.7s (0.7s)stat (+0.4/−0.2s)sys. We discuss the recent result from UCNτ, the status of ongoing data collection and analysis, and the path toward a 0.25 s measurement of the neutron lifetime with UCNτ.
BRAND – Search for BSM physics at TeV scale by exploring transverse polarization of electrons emitted in neutron decay
Authors: Bodek K. , De Keukeleere L. , Kolodziej M. , Kozela A. , Kuzniak M. , Lojek K. , Perkowski M. , Przybilski H. , Pysz  K. , Rozpedzik D. , Severijns N. , Soldner T. , Young A.R. , Zejma J.
Published: December 2019

Neutron and nuclear beta decay correlation coefficients are linearly sensitive to the exotic scalar and tensor interactions that are not included in the Standard Model (SM). The proposed experiment will measure simultaneously 11 neutron correlation coefficients (a, a, B, D, H, L, N, R, S, U, V) where 7 of them (H, L, N, R, S, U, V) depend on the transverse electron polarization – a quantity that vanishes for the SM weak interaction. The neutron decay correlation coefficients H, L, S, U, V were never attempted experimentally before. The expected ultimate sensitivity of the proposed experiment that currently takes off on the cold neutron beamline PF1B at the Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France, is comparable to that of the planned electron spectrum shape measurements in neutron and nuclear β decays but offers completely different systematics and additional sensitivity to imaginary parts of the scalar and tensor couplings.
What laboratory experiments can teach us about cosmology: A chameleon example
Authors: Burrage Clare
Published: December 2019

Laboratory experiments can shed light on theories of new physics introduced in order to explain cosmological mysteries, including the nature of dark energy and dark matter. In this article I will focus on one particular example of this, the chameleon model. The chameleon is an example of a theory which could modify gravity on cosmological distance scales, but its non-linear behavior means that it can also be tested with suitably designed laboratory experiments. The aim of this overview is to present recent theoretical developments to the experimental community.
Dark side of the neutron?
Authors: Fornal Bartosz , Grinstein Benjamín
Published: December 2019

We discuss our recently proposed interpretation of the discrepancy between the bottle and beam neutron lifetime experiments as a sign of a dark sector. The difference between the outcomes of the two types of measurements is explained by the existence of a neutron dark decay channel with a branching fraction 1%. Phenomenologically consistent particle physics models for the neutron dark decay can be constructed and they involve a strongly self-interacting dark sector. We elaborate on the theoretical developments around this idea and describe the efforts undertaken to verify it experimentally.
Search for light sterile neutrinos with the STEREO experiment
Authors: Almazán Helena , Sanchez Pablo del Amo , Bernard Laura , Blanchet Adrien , Bonhomme Aurélie , Buck Christian , Atmani Ilham El , Favier Jean , Haser Julia , Hélaine Victor , Kandzia Felix , Kox Serge , Lamblin Jacob , Letourneau Alain , Lhuillier David , Lindner Manfred , Manzanillas Luis , Materna Thomas , Minotti Alessandro , Montanet François , Pessard Henri , Real Jean-Sébastien , Roca Christian , Salagnac Thomas , Schoppmann Stefan , Sergeyeva Viktoriya , Soldner Torsten , Stutz Anne , Zsoldos Stephane ,   (STEREO collaboration)
Published: December 2019

The stereo experiment is searching for a non-standard oscillation in the propagation of anti-neutrinos produced by a nuclear reactor which could be the sign for the existence of a sterile state of eV mass and the origin of the reactor anti-neutrino anomaly. In this paper, results from 66 days of reactor turned on and 138 days of reactor turned off are reported excluding large amplitude oscillations. A special focus is put on the data analysis and studies of correlated backgrounds. In particular the origin of the correlated background measured in reactor turned off periods is discussed. This background mainly originates from neutrons produced by cosmic radiation.
Development of a powerful UCN source at PNPI's WWR-M reactor
Authors: Serebrov Anatolii , Liamkin Vitalii , Fomin Aleksey , Pusenkov Valeriy , Keshishev Konstantin , Boldarev Sergey , Prudnikov Dmitriy , Oprev Artem , Samodurov Oleg , Koptyuhov Artem , Ilatovskiy Vladimir
Published: December 2019

The WWR-M reactor at PNPI is planned to be equipped with a high-flux source for ultracold neutrons (UCNs). The method of UCN production is based on neutron conversion in superfluid helium, exploiting the particular qualities of that quantum liquid. As a result of optimizing the source parameters, we expect a temperature of superfluid helium of 1.2 K and a UCN density of 1.3 × 104 cm−3 in a neutron electric dipole moment (EDM) spectrometer. The expected flux densities of cold neutrons (with wavelengths in the range 2–20 Å) and very cold neutrons (50–100 Å) at the output of a neutron guide with a cross section of 30 × 200 mm2 are 9.7 × 107 cm−2s−1 and 8.3 × 105 cm−2s−1, respectively. The capability of maintaining a temperature of 1.37 K at a thermal load of 60 W was shown experimentally, while the theoretical load is expected to be 37 W. Calculations show that it is possible to decrease the helium temperature down to 1.2 K at similar heat load. The project includes the development of experimental stations at UCN beams, such as for a neutron EDM search, measurements of the neutron lifetime, and for a search for neutron-to-mirror-neutron transitions. In addition, three beams of cold and very cold neutrons are foreseen. At present, the vacuum container of the UCN source has been manufactured and the production of the low-temperature deuterium and helium parts of the source has been started.
A novel broad-band neutron spin filter based on dynamically polarized protons using photo-excited triplet states
Authors: Quan Yifan , Nekitic Nemanja , van den Brandt Ben , Hautle Patrick
Published: December 2019

The use of polarized protons as a broad-band neutron spin filter is an attractive alternative to the well-established neutron polarization techniques, namely polarized 3He gas and super mirrors, since the spin-dependent neutron proton scattering cross-section is large in a broad wavelength range. We have developed a novel neutron spin filter where we create the necessary large proton polarization in a solid with a recent method of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) that uses photo-excited triplet states. This requires only moderate experimental means and allows a compact design. In order to quantify the efficiency of the spin filter, we have measured the relevant spin-dependent and spin-independent terms of the neutron scattering cross-section of a naphthalene single crystal. The data allows to estimate the triplet spin filter performance over a broad wavelength range. With the recently achieved proton polarization of 80% the triplet filter compares well with a state of the art 3He filter.
Convergence of second-order, entropy stable methods for multi-dimensional conservation laws
Authors: Chatterjee Neelabja , Fjordholm Ulrik Skre
Published: December 2019

High-order accurate, entropy stable numerical methods for hyperbolic conservation laws have attracted much interest over the last decade, but only a few rigorous convergence results are available, particularly in multiple space dimensions. In this paper we show how the entropy stability of one such method, which is semi-discrete in time, yields a (weak) bound on oscillations. Under the assumption of L∞-boundedness of the approximations we use compensated compactness to prove convergence to a weak solution satisfying at least one entropy condition.
Fracture behaviour of Cement Treated Sandy Clay
Authors: Kok Shien Ng , Yee Ming Chew , Sukri Nordin
Published: December 2019

Addition of cement into soft soil has been proven to be useful in stabilizing the foundation. However, some failure cases are found related to this type of technique, especially involving the tensile failure of cement column as retaining structure. As we know, tensile strength of soil is important in controlling the cracking and tensile failure of many earth structures. This paper aims to investigate the fracture behaviour of cement treated sandy clay in terms of its compressive and tensile strength as well as its strain response under applied stress. Three laboratory testing namely the unconfined compression test (UCT), split tensile test (STT) and three-point bending test (TPBT) were conducted in this study. Cement content and curing period are the two main variables in the present study. The results of UCT showed the brittleness of the cement treated soil increased as the cement content and curing period increased. The unconfined compressive strength can be well correlated with the tensile strength obtained from STT and TPBT where the correlation factors were found to be 0.11 for both tests. Crushing mode is dominant in samples with high cement content and long curing period.
Theoretical Evaluation of Moment Resistance for Bolted Timber Connections
Authors: Guo Junting , Shu Zhan
Published: December 2019

Timber construction is nowadays becoming more and more favorable due to multiple advantages. In this paper, the connection type and material of timber building were first highlighted. Then, the bolted joints with slotted-in steel plates were systematically tested and analyzed. A typical slotted-in bolted glulam connection was simulated using the software Abaqus. Furthermore, a few important design variables were measured and used to numerically estimate the embedment strength, the shear force per plane, and the ultimate moment capacity of the connections. At last, multiple configurations of joint design were compared in the paper, and a parametric design was made. The results were systematically explained.
Sustainable Concrete Application in the Manufacture of University Urban Furniture
Authors: Bedoya Mónica , Rivera Federico , Rico María , Vélez David , Urrego Andrés , Hernandez Sebastián
Published: December 2019

It is clear that construction and demolition wastes (CDW) are constantly increasing throughout the world and these wastes can be used effectively to minimize the consumption of natural resources in the manufacture of more sustainable concrete. The CDW occupy an important segment of world waste production and its generation reached approximately 3 billion tons in 2012 in 40 countries [1]. Although this topic has been studied in the world, it is still valid for the reuse of waste that is constantly increasing, and although in many countries there are already examples of its use this type of concrete in Colombia and in the Medellìn city lacks applications. This project proposes the application of a sustainable concrete made with CDW and coal ash in the Medellín city for its implementation in the construction of urban furniture. A university community diagnosis of the needs in terms of furnishing was made. With the design reached, a modular chair was proposed to enable spaces within the university. The mechanical characteristics of the concrete and the design of the chair are evaluated and a simulation is done through finite elements to evaluate the viability of the proposed concrete, finding that with these properties is possible to manufacture durable and sustainable furniture that serves as an example for the application of sustainable materials
Diabetes mellitus im Alter
Authors: Wernecke Jürgen , Bahrmann Anke
Published: December 2019

Diabetes in old age is one of the most common chronical diseases by a prevalence of up to 25 % of the 70-year and older patients. Elderly with diabetes often suffer from functional or cognitive deficits that must be realized for therapeutic issues. These would include special geriatric syndromes like frailty, falls, immobility or higher vulnerability for drug interactions. Therefore the German Diabetes Association recommends to adjust therapeutic goals not only to patients’ goals but also to their individual functional status. Simple therapy regimens should be preferred to avoid polypharmacia and to preserve the patients’ independence as long as possible.
Long-term outcomes of per-oral endoscopic myotomy in a patient with distal esophageal spasm followed up for 2.5 years: two sides of the same coin – A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Bin , Jin Hong , Zhao Wei , Zhao Chunshan , Wang Tao , Zhang Lili , Sun Fangyuan , Wang Bangmao , Song Jiye
Published: December 2019

Introduction Distal esophageal spasm (DES), a relatively rare condition, is characterized by simultaneous contractions of the distal esophagus and manifested by dysphagia and chest pain. Several treatment options are recommended, such as pharmacological therapy, endoscopic interventions, and surgical myotomy. Recently, per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been adopted as an effective and less-invasive treatment due to its excellent short-term clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, few reports describe its long-term effects.

Case presentation A 65-year-old woman complained of chest pain accompanied with dysphagia and weight loss for 4 months. A series of examinations suggested that she was suffering from DES and then POEM was performed. During the 2.5-year follow-up, we observed an exciting long-term outcome. Interestingly, hematoxylin and eosin staining verified a large number of eosinophils in the muscularis externa, which was absent in the mucosa of the esophagus of the patient.

Conclusions We herein report a case of DES who underwent POEM to eliminate persistent esophageal contractions. Eckardt score, esophageal emptying test, and high-resolution manometry were assumed to monitor the efficacy of POEM. During treatment and 2.5 years after operation, esophageal muscle biopsies and/or mucosal tissues were obtained. This case has been presented to describe that POEM could be a strategy for DES with a long-term curative effect and that eosinophils in the muscle layer of the esophagus might be involved in the pathogenesis of DES. What is more, we reviewed literature to find similar cases reported in the past.
Eine gesunde Darmmikrobiota unterstützt die Barriere-Funktion der Mukosa
Authors: Hecht Angelika , Jaspers Elke
Published: December 2019

Die Darmschleimhaut hat gegensätzlich erscheinende Aufgaben: Einerseits dient sie der Resorption von Nährstoffen, andererseits bildet sie gleichzeitig eine Barriere zwischen der Außenwelt und dem Körperinneren. Zur Dichtigkeit der Mukosa tragen eine unversehrte Mukusschicht auf dem Epithel, gut ernährte Epithelzellen mit intakten Tight Junctions und insbesondere eine gesunde Darmmikrobiota bei. Ist die Barriere geschädigt, steigt das Risiko für eine Silent Inflammation, die den ganzen Körper betrifft und für zahlreiche chronische Erkrankungen verantwortlich ist.
Bewegung in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Korsten-Reck Ulrike , Friesenborg Hilke
Published: December 2019

Bewegung in der Schwangerschaft wirkt sich positiv auf die Gesundheit der Frau und des Kindes aus. Es kommt zu einer geringeren Gewichtszunahme der Schwangeren, und das Risiko der damit einhergehenden Erkrankungen wie Schwangerschaftsdiabetes und Präeklampsie kann verringert werden. Nicht nur die Frau, sondern auch das ungeborene Kind erhalten durch einen gesunden Lebensstil (Bewegung und Ernährung) gesundheitliche Vorteile. Im Rahmen der perinatalen Programmierung werden vor und während der Schwangerschaft gesundheitsfördernde Grundsteine für das spätere Leben des Kindes gelegt. Übergewicht und Adipositas sowie die Begleiterkrankung Diabetes Typ 2 können mit einem bewussten Lebensstil vor und während der Schwangerschaft positiv beeinflusst werden. Somit bieten Lebensstilinterventionen bei Schwangeren und bei Frauen mit Kinderwunsch eine Maßnahme zur Übergewichtsprävention bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Grundsätzlich wird jeder Frau empfohlen, körperlich aktiv zu sein, solange keine absoluten Kontraindikatoren vorliegen. Es wird eine Kombination aus moderater und intensiver körperlicher Aktivität an mindestens drei Tagen in der Woche für 30 Minuten empfohlen. Zusätzlich sollten die großen Muskelgruppen an mindestens zwei Tagen in der Woche gekräftigt werden.
Effekte eines Trainings mit der Faszienrolle auf die Dehnfähigkeit
Authors: Gerster Christin , Heckel Alexandra , König Stefan
Published: December 2019

Faszientraining gilt zwischenzeitlich als ein zentrales Thema für Fitness, Prävention und Rehabilitation. Dies trifft im Besonderen auf die Beweglichkeit und ihr Training zu. Der Beitrag überprüft die Wirkungen eines Faszientrainings mit dem Foamroller auf die ischiocrurale Muskulatur.
Comparative study of electron temperature in cascaded arc Ar/N2 plasma using laser Thomson scattering combined optical emission spectroscopy approach
Authors: Wang Yong , Shi Jielin , Li Cong , Feng Chunlei , Ding Hongbin
Published: December 2019

The expanding cascaded arc Ar/N2 plasma has been investigated by both the active and passive optical diagnostic technologies. In the investigation, the laser Thomson scattering (LTS) and optical emission spectroscopy (OES) have been adopted to measure electron temperature (Te) and electron excitation temperature (Texc), respectively. The LTS measurements show that a remarkable nonlinear behavior of Te as a function of the N2/(Ar + N2) ratio is found, which is caused by the collective interaction between the superelastic collision and the electron-impact excitation. The superelastic collisions by the highly excited vibrational nitrogen molecules can effectively heat the free electrons, while the electron kinetic energy can be transferred to N2 molecular internal energy via the electron impact with N2 in the ground state. The difference between Texc and Te demonstrates that the cascaded arc Ar/N2 plasma significantly deviates from the local thermodynamic equilibrium. This would be useful for improving our further understanding of nonequilibrium plasma and extending applications of the cascaded arc Ar/N2 plasma.
IgGs from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and diabetes target Ca
V
α
2
δ1 subunits impairing islet cell function and survival
Authors: Shi Yue , Park Kyoung Sun , Kim Seung Hyun , Yu Jia , Zhao Kaixuan , Yu Lina , Oh Ki Wook , Lee Kayoung , Kim Jaeyoon , Chaggar Kanchan , Li Yuxin , Dolphin Annette C. , Catterall William A. , Ryu Sung Ho , Yang Shao-Nian , Berggren Per-Olof
Published: December 2019

Significance

We provide evidence of a mechanistic link between ALS and T2DM. Our data show that a subgroup of ALS-T2DM patients have sera that enhance Ca
V
1 channel-mediated Ca
2+
influx and exaggerate [Ca
2+
]
i
. These effects occur because the sera accommodate cytotoxic IgG autoantibodies that immunocapture Ca
V
α
2
δ1 subunits. As a consequence, impairments in [Ca
2+
]
i
dynamics, mitochondrial function, insulin secretion, and cell viability appear. We could clarify not only the identity of this serum factor but also the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects on the islet cells. Our findings may lay the foundation for a treatment strategy for this complex and severe group of diabetic patients.
Preparation, characterization, antibacterial properties and hydrophobic evaluation of SiO2/Ag nanosol coated cotton/linen fabric
Authors: Li Hongbin , Zhuang Yan , Li Hao , Bracamontes Karen Chávez , Wang Dawei , Sun Ying , Sun Dan , Kong Lingping , Gao Shuzhen , Song Mizhao
Published: December 2019

Surface modification is an important element of textile manufacturing. The SiO2/Ag sol–gel was coated on the cotton/linen fabric by a simple two-dipping-two-rolling coating machine. SEM, Zeta-potential, (ATR)-FTIR and XRD, physical properties, water-droplet adsorption,
antibacterial performance and water-resisting property have been adopted as the characterization techniques. The Zeta-potential showed that the nano-Ag particles affected the size of SiO2 nanoparticles. The results showed that antibacterial activity and hydrophobic property of cotton/linen
fabric increased with the increasing concentration of the AgNO3. Air permeability was not decreased considerably, whereas tensile strength was increased significantly after coating twice. The SiO2/Ag coating cotton/linen fabric had an excellent antibacterial performance.
Our results demonstrate that this SiO2/Ag coated cotton/linen fabric is a step towards better hydrophobic performance of textile materials.
A facile method for synthesis of SnS2 with different morphologies by an ambient pressure tetraethylene glycol solution process
Authors: Zheng Xuerong , Mao Jing , Zhou Jingjing , Ji Huiming
Published: December 2019

An ambient pressure solution chemical process was used for synthesis of SnS2 nanocrystals with different morphologies such as nanoparticles, nanosheets, nanospheres and so on. The process was conducted by using diethylene glycol as solvent, stannic chloride and thioacetamide
as precursors, polyvinylpyrrolidone as capping agent. The influence of synthesized temperature and reducing agent on the morphologies and phases of product were investigated based on XRD, TEM, HRTEM and EDX. Optical properties of SnS2 nanocrystals were characterized. The results
showed that pure phase, ultrathin SnS2 nanosheets were prepared with few polyvinylpyrrolidone exited.
A Flexible Thermal Sensor Based on PVDF Film for Robot Finger Skin
Authors: Liu Lishuang , Xu Yang , Zhu Jianfeng , Liu Tao , Hou Tianyuan , Li Yongchao , Liu Hongyan , Xin Yi , Zhou Xianfeng
Published: December 2019

Multifunctional tactile signal detection systems for material recognition, artificial skin and unknown environment sensing have achieved good results in the study of touch and sliding. However, there are still many aspects need to be improved for thermal sensing such as changes in temperature
and the thermal conductivity of the contact object. This article mainly discusses the fabrication, test and analysis of the thermal sensor. The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric film is used as the carrier of the thermal sensor due to the excellent features, such as high thermal
stability, good flexibility, and stable structure. The thermal sensor system based on PVDF film can detect the thermal conductivity of the contact object. Namely, the “cold” and “hot” of the contact object can be sensed and the thermal sensor system is capable of identifying
the type of signal acquired and determining if there are changes in temperature of the contact object. The signals detected by sensors are tested and analyzed by the thermal sensor system and also the temperature range of the system is verified in the thermal signal detection test. It is shown
in the experiments that the signal detection system can detect changes in temperature on the sensor surface sensitively. The excellent detection sensitivity and intellectualization trend of thermal sensors make PVDF films have more promising applications in prosthetics and intelligent robots.
Permittivity Relaxation Variation for Additive Doping in Cobalt Ferrite at High Frequencies
Authors: Bharadwaj S. , Burnwal Suman Kumar , Deb Subimal , Ragini S. , Murthy S. R.
Published: December 2019

We present a comparative study of the variation in dielectric relaxation for the additives SiO2, TiO2 and ZrO2 in cobalt ferrite. CoFe2O4 was prepared using microwave hydrothermal system and sintered at 900 °C/30 min
using microwave sintering method. Real and imaginary parts of permittivity were measured in the frequency range of 1 MHz to 1.8 GHz for these samples. A shift in the dielectric relaxation towards higher frequencies for doped samples is observed as expected in percolating systems.
A non-linear least square fit of the electron oscillator model is used to parameterize absorption in the samples.
INTERACTION OF CELLS WITH IMMUNE COMPLEXES: ADHERENCE, RELEASE OF CONSTITUENTS, AND TISSUE INJURY
Authors: Henson Peter M.
Published: December 2019

Neutrophils are essential mediators of tissue damage in many forms of immune complex-induced injury. In vitro, they have been shown to release some of their content of injurious constituents upon reaction with immune complexes (Fig. 10). If the complexes are distributed along a nonphagocytosable surface, degranulation to the exterior of the cell is observed. When the complexes were phagocytized, however, degranulation into the phagocytic vacuole, and some loss of enzymes into the surrounding medium, occurred. This may have resulted from a momentary opening of the vacuole to allow ingestion of additional particles, as was demonstrated with the electron microscope. This phenomenon was particularly noticeable when the particles were relatively large. Far more immune complex is required to induce release when in a phagocytosable form than when on a nonphagocytosable membrane.

Neutrophils may be attracted to sites of immune complex deposition in many parts of the body (arteries, heart, skin, brain, kidney, joints) by complement-mediated processes. In some situations, e.g. in the joint fluid, they would encounter free immune complexes, phagocytose them, and release enzymes. In many others, in which immune complexes may be distributed along surfaces, such as in the glomerulus, adherence of neutrophils may also lead to release of injurious constituents (proteases, collagenase, elastase, permeability factors) capable of digesting and injuring the tissues.
VASCULITIS IN ASSOCIATION WITH AUSTRALIA ANTIGEN
Authors: Gocke David J. , Hsu Konrad , Morgan Councilman , Bombardieri Stepheno , Lockshin Michael , Christian Charles L.
Published: December 2019

Six patients with biopsy-proven polyarteritis nodosa and chronic Australia antigenemia are described. Evidence was found in these patients for the presence of circulating immune complexes composed of Australia antigen and immunoglobulin. In addition, in two patients immunofluorescent studies localized Australia antigen, IgM, and complement in the blood vessel walls.
MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE DEPOSITION OF IMMUNE COMPLEXES IN TISSUES
Authors: Cochrane Charles G.
Published: December 2019

The mechanisms reponsible for the deposition of circulating immune complexes have been analyzed. An active process appears to be responsible in both a laboratory model in guinea pigs and in acute immune complex disease (serum sickness) in rabbits.

In rabbits, after the injection of antigen to induce serum sickness, immune complexes appear in the circulation. In addition, homocytotropic (IgE) antibody is formed which binds to the surface of basophils. Leukocyte suspensions containing these basophils, when combined with specific antigen, release a soluble factor that causes clumping of platelets and release of their vasoactive amines. An excellent correlation was found between the presence of this mechanism of release of vasoactive amine and the deposition of immune complexes in serum sickness of rabbits. Antagonists of vasoactive amines or depletion of platelets, the major circulating reservoir of these amines, suppressed the deposition of circulating immune complexes and inhibited glomerulitis and arteritis. Upon entering the walls of vessels, the complexes became lodged immune complexes, greater than 19S in size, were deposited along the membranes.

The data suggest that at a time when immune complexes appear in the circulation of an immunized rabbit, vasoactive amines are released from platelets in areas where turbulence of blood occurs. Sensitized basophils participate in the release of vasoactive amines from the platelets. The amines induced increased vascular permeability which leads to deposition of large complexes from the circulation in vessel walls by a process of filtration. The deposited complexes then induce inflammatory injury.
EFFECTS OF HYPOTENSION DUE TO HEMORRHAGE AND OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION ON RENAL FUNCTION IN DOGS
Authors: Corcoran A. C. , Page Irvine H.
Published: December 2019

On page 207, Vol. 78, No. 3, September 1, 1943, in footnote 3, section 1, line 1, the numeral 5 should be substituted for the numeral 8.
THE INFLUENCE OF CHOLINE, CYSTINE, AND OF α-TOCOPHEROL UPON THE OCCURRENCE OF CEROID PIGMENT IN DIETARY CIRRHOSIS OF RATS
Authors: Victor Joseph , Pappenheimer Alwin M.
Published: December 2019

Page 377, 1st line, for 0.2 read 0.02.

Page 377, 3rd line, for 0.2 read 0.02.

Page 378, Table II, heading over first three columns, for 0.2 read 0.02.
THE GEOTROPIC CONDUCT OF YOUNG RATS
Authors: Crozier W. J. , Pincus G.
Published: December 2019

On page 263, Vol. x, No. 2, November 20, 1926, under Curve A, in the legend for Fig. 3, Ordinate scale at the left should read Ordinate scale at the right. Under Curve B, Ordinate scale at the right should read Ordinate scale at the left.
Discrete Waves and Phototransduction in Voltage-damped Ventral Photoreceptors
Authors: Behbehani Michael , Srebro Richard
Published: December 2019

Discrete waves in the voltage-clamped photoreceptor of Limulus are remarkably similar in all essential properties to those found in an unclamped cell. The latency distribution of discrete waves is not affected by considerable changes in the holding potential in a voltage-clamped cell. Both large and small waves occur in voltage-clamped and unclamped cells and in approximately the same proportion. Large and small waves also share the same latency distributions and spectral sensitivity. We suggest that small waves may result from the activation of damaged membrane areas. Large waves have an average amplitude of approximately 5 nA in voltage-clamped photoreceptors. It probably requires several square microns of cell membrane to support this much photo-current. Thus the amplification inherent in the discrete wave process may involve spatial spread of activation from unimolecular dimensions to several square microns of cell membrane surface. Neither local current flow, nor pre-packaging of any transmitter substance appears to be involved in the amplification process. The possible mechanisms of the amplification are evaluated with relationship to the properties of discrete waves.
Unitary Responses in Frog Olfactory Epithelium to Sterically Related Molecules at Low Concentrations
Authors: Getchell Thomas V.
Published: December 2019

Responses of receptor cells in the frog's olfactory epithelium were recorded using platinum-black metal-filled microelectrodes. Spontaneous activity varied over a wide range from 0.07 to 1.8 spikes/s. Mean interspike intervals ranged from 13.7 to 0.5 s. Excitatory responses to six sterically related compounds at low concentrations were investigated. Stimuli were delivered in an aqueous medium. Thresholds for impulse initiation varied from greater than 1 mM down to the nanomolar concentration range. Thresholds of different olfactory receptors to the same stimulus could vary by several log units. Thresholds of the same receptor cell to different stimuli could be within the same order of magnitude, or could vary by as much as 5 log units. Based upon quantitative measures of stimulus-evoked excitatory responses it appeared that some receptors did not discriminate among sterically related molecules, whereas other receptors clearly discriminated between stimuli which evoke similar odor sensations.
Charge ordering in superconducting copper oxides
Authors: Frano Alex , Blanco-Canosa Santiago , Keimer Bernhard , Birgeneau Robert J
Published: December 2019

Charge order has recently been identified as a leading competitor of high-temperature superconductivity in moderately doped cuprates. We provide a survey of universal and materials-specific aspects of this phenomenon, with emphasis on results obtained by scattering methods. In particular, we discuss the structure, periodicity, and stability range of the charge-ordered state, its response to various external perturbations, the influence of disorder, the coexistence and competition with superconductivity, as well as collective charge dynamics. In the context of this journal issue which honors Roger Cowley’s legacy, we also discuss the connection of charge ordering with lattice vibrations and the central-peak phenomenon. We end the review with an outlook on research opportunities offered by new synthesis methods and experimental platforms, including cuprate thin films and superlattices.