bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEW NON-DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION METHOD WITH GROUND PENETRATING RADAR TO EVALUATE THE SUITABILITY OF THE BACKFILLING GROUTING INJECTION IN TUNNEL BORING MACHINES
Authors: MONDRAGON ENGUIDANOS CATALINA , VERDU VAZQUEZ AMPARO , GIL LOPEZ TOMAS , HERNANDEZ ALVAREZ JOSE , GOMEZ HOYOS JORGE , MENDEZ LANZA LUIS
Published: June 2023

This research focuses on the development of a new non-destructive inspection method, based on the interpretation of electromagnetic waves by means of a ground penetration radar (GPR) to evaluate the condition of the backfilling two-component mortar grouting behind the segmental lining in tunnels made by tunnel boring machines (TBM). The data processing by digital models and the analysis of the propagation speed of the along the backfilling grouting layer have enabled the technical and operational feasibility of this novel inspection method.
Once the conceptual framework of the research was defined, it was possible to validate the developed method in a full-scale operational environment in the Metro of Quito Line 1 (Ecuador). This validation involved a battery of tests collating the results obtained through the core-drilling extractions in comparison with the ones obtained with GPR. As a result of these calibration tests, it was possible to identify a range of propagation speeds linked to grouting in optimal execution conditions, as well as other ranges associated with potential anomalies. Finally, it was possible to implement this new inspection methodology on a regular basis in the Metro of Quito, where the conventional quality control by core-drillings was replaced almost entirely for the new method with GPR.
Keywords: tunnel boring machine (TBM); breaching; mortar; ground penetrating radar; electromagnetic.
VALIDATION OF A DYNAMIC MODEL OF THE NECK FOR APPLICATIONS IN ERGONOMICS AND FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT
Authors: VENEGAS TORO WILLIAM RICARDO , MEDINA FABARA ANA , ZAMBRANO OREJUELA IVAN , ROSALES ACOSTA ANDRES , PAGE DEL POZO ALVARO
Published: June 2023

A dynamic neck model is proposed for functional assessment or ergonomic studies using data obtained from conventional biomechanical tools such as video photogrammetry and force platforms. The head and neck inertial parameters are obtained through regression equations and refined through a calibration process to improve accuracy. Head movement is recorded through video photogrammetry, where marker coordinates are used to calculate finite displacements, linear and angular velocities, and accelerations. An inverse dynamics approach is used to estimate the forces and moments at the C7 vertebral level and the generated muscle power. The model was validated through an experimental study with 30 participants, where its estimates were compared to the measurements obtained from a force platform. The comparison aimed to assess the accuracy and reliability of the model. The results show excellent agreement, with a correlation of 0.976 or higher and a standard error of less than 1% of the head weight
Keywords: Biomechanics, biomechanical model, neck, ergonomics, functional assessment
E-Learning in Kuwait: Students’ Perspective
Authors: AlShamali Shaima , Hajeeh Mohammed , AlKhayat Ahmad
Published: June 2023

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has wreaked havoc on societies around the world and continues to do so and produced cataclysmic socio-economic challenges. This virus compelled countries to enact restrictive policies in order to combat, defend, and prevent against the spread of infection. In most nations, including Kuwait, a complete lockdown was imposed, with necessary measures taken to limit social gatherings, wear protective masks, and encourage social distancing. Businesses, organizations, and institutions have been forced to discover new avenues to survive and thrive by converting to remote operation using digital technology. Similarly, the epidemic has forced educational institutions to abandon conventional face-to-face instruction in favor of online digital learning. The goal of this study is to assess the online learning process in Kuwait from the perspective of students. In this regard, a survey questionnaire was designed and distributed to students throughout Kuwait; 830 students responded, with just 500 students with complete answers. In light of the dangerous and widespread of the harmful virus, analysis found that students consent to online learning. However, most prefer face-to-face instruction in a classroom setting.
La inteligencia colectiva debe ser libre
Authors: Sanz Martos Sandra
Published: June 2023

A veces los aprendizajes o sus cuestionamientos pueden llegar desde los lugares más insospechados. Eso es lo que me ha tocado experimentar en la pasada campaña electoral de las municipales de 2023 mediante mi participación en las listas de una candidatura. El valor del trabajo en equipo, el compromiso mutuo y el concepto de la inteligencia colectiva son algunas de las cuestiones que he revisado durante las semanas previas a nuestra reciente cita con las urnas.
Transposon mutagenesis screen in Klebsiella pneumoniae identifies genetic determinants required for growth in human urine and serum
Authors: Gray Jessica , Torres Von Vergel L , Goodall Emily CA , Dunne Karl A , Icke Chris , Rooke Jessica L , Schneiders Thamarai , Cunningham Adam F , Cole Jeffrey A , Henderson Ian R
Published: June 2023

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is a global public health concern due to the rising myriad of hypervirulent and multi-drug resistant clones both alarmingly associated with high mortality. The molecular microbial genetics underpinning these recalcitrant
K. pneumoniae
infections is unclear, coupled with the emergence of lineages resistant to nearly all present day clinically important antimicrobials. In this study, we performed a genome-wide screen in
K. pneumoniae
ECL8, a member of the endemic K2-ST375 pathotype most often reported in Asia, to define genes essential for growth in a nutrient-rich laboratory medium (Luria-Bertani medium), human urine and serum. Through transposon directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS), a total of 427 genes were identified as essential for growth on LB agar, whereas transposon insertions in 11 and 144 genes decreased fitness for growth in either urine or serum, respectively. Genome-wide functional studies like these provide further knowledge on the genetics of this pathogen but also provide a strong impetus for discovering new antimicrobial targets to improve current therapeutic options for
K. pneumoniae
infections.
Multitasking og acting
Authors: Martinsen Watz Siw , Ingstad Kari
Published: June 2023

Det er et økende behov for å rekruttere og beholde helsefagarbeidere. Mye av ansvaret for pleien er overført til kommunene, liggetiden på sykehus er gått ned og pasientene er sykere når de kommer hjem. I en slik kompleks og emosjonell arbeidskontekst skal helsefagarbeiderlærlingene utvikle seg til kompetente yrkesutøvere samfunnet trenger. Helsefagarbeiderutdanningen og praksisfellesskapet i hjemmesykepleien må tilrettelegge for kompetanse som gjør lærlingene i stand til å møte arbeidslivets krav og forventninger. Forskningsspørsmålet denne artikkelen belyser er: Hvordan erfarer og håndterer lærlinger i helsearbeiderfaget krav og forventninger i læretiden i hjemmesykepleien? 
Individuelle intervjuer og observasjoner ble vurdert som en akseptabel fremgangsmåte. 12  lærlinger i helsearbeiderfaget ble intervjuet individuelt, og to av lærlingene ble observert av førsteforfatter gjennom 5 dager i praksis. Studien formidler hvordan helsefagarbeiderlærlinger manøvrerer i feltet som består av krav og forventninger, og hvor tiden til den enkelte pasient er tilmålt. Analysen viser at lærlingene håndterer krav og forventninger gjennom multitasking, acting, prioritering, tilpasning og grensesetting. De bygger bro mellom formelle og uformelle krav og forventninger ved at de utfører flere oppgaver samtidig, har dobbel oppmerksomhet i situasjoner, de skjuler innvendig stress, og de tilpasser seg pasientene samtidig som de prioriterer og setter grenser. Disse ferdighetene synes nødvendig å utvikle for å kunne ivareta formelle krav via en vedtaksbasert arbeidsliste, og uformelle krav som oppstår i møte med en kompleks gruppe av hjemmeboende pasienter.
A histological analysis of coloration in the Peruvian mimic poison frog (Ranitomeya imitator)
Authors: de Araujo Miles Mallory , Johnson Mikayla Joyce , Stuckert Adam M. M. , Summers Kyle
Published: June 2023

Aposematism continues to be a phenomenon of central interest in evolutionary biology. The life history of the mimic poison frog, Ranitomeya imitator, relies heavily on aposematism. In order for aposematic signals to be effective, predators must be able to learn to avoid the associated phenotype. However, in R. imitator, aposematism is associated with four different color phenotypes that mimic a complex of congeneric species occurring across the mimic frog’s geographic range. Investigations of the underlying mechanics of color production in these frogs can provide insights into how and why these different morphs evolved. We used histological samples to examine divergence in the color production mechanisms used by R. imitator to produce effective aposematic signals across its geographic range. We measured the coverage of melanophores and xanthophores (the area covered by chromatophores divided by total area of the skin section) in each color morph. We find that morphs that produce orange skin exhibit a higher coverage of xanthophores and lower coverage of melanophores than those that produce yellow skin. In turn, morphs that produce yellow skin exhibit a higher coverage of xanthophores and lower coverage of melanophores than those that produce green skin. Generally, across the morphs, a high ratio of xanthophores to melanophores is associated with colors of brighter spectral reflectance. Together, our results contribute to the understanding of color production in amphibians and document divergence in the histology of a species that is subject to divergent selection associated with aposematism.
MK8617 inhibits M1 macrophage polarization and inflammation via the HIF-1α/GYS1/UDPG/P2Y14 pathway
Authors: Qian Lingling , Chen Xiao-qin , Kong Deyang , Wang Gaoyuan , Cao Yun , Xiao Yingchun , Cao Jing-yuan , Zou Chunbo
Published: June 2023

Background

Nonresolving inflammation is a major driver of disease and needs to be taken seriously. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is closely associated with inflammation. Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs), as stabilizers of HIF, have recently been reported to have the ability to block inflammation. We used MK8617, a novel HIF-PHI, to study its effect on macrophage inflammation and to explore its possible mechanisms.

Methods

Cell viability after MK8617 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) addition was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) to find the appropriate drug concentration. MK8617 pretreated or unpretreated cells were then stimulated with LPS to induce macrophage polarization and inflammation. Inflammatory indicators in cells were assessed by real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF). The level of uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) in the cell supernatant was measured by ELISA. Purinergic G protein-coupled receptor P2Y14, as well as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) were detected by qRT-PCR and WB. After UDPG inhibition with glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor (GPI) or knockdown of HIF-1α and GYS1 with lentivirus, P2Y14 and inflammatory indexes of macrophages were detected by qRT-PCR and WB.

Results

MK8617 reduced LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory factors as well as UDPG secretion and P2Y14 expression. UDPG upregulated P2Y14 and inflammatory indicators, while inhibition of UDPG suppressed LPS-induced inflammation. In addition, HIF-1α directly regulated GYS1, which encoded glycogen synthase, an enzyme that mediated the synthesis of glycogen by UDPG, thereby affecting UDPG secretion. Knockdown of HIF-1α and GYS1 disrupted the anti-inflammatory effect of MK8617.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated the role of MK8617 in macrophage inflammation and revealed that its mechanism of action may be related to the HIF-1α/GYS1/UDPG/P2Y14 pathway, providing new therapeutic ideas for the study of inflammation.
Resiliencia en los planes de transformación de la ciudad posindustrial. El vacío como síntoma. Mataró como ejemplo en la región metropolitana de Barcelona
Authors: Saez-Ujaque Diego , Aquilué Inés , de Balanzo-Joue Rafael , Fuertes Pere , Garcia-Almirall Pilar
Published: June 2023

Este artículo analiza el vacío urbano como síntoma de la falta de resiliencia de los planes de transformación de antiguos tejidos industriales de la ciudad de Mataró (Barcelona). A través del análisis cronológico del proceso de transformación formal y funcional de dichos sectores industriales sujetos a planificación, el vacío aparece como el síntoma de la aproximación lineal de la disciplina urbanística, incapaz de abordar la complejidad del fenómeno urbano. Edificios vacíos, solares vacíos, plantas bajas comerciales vacías, además de bifurcaciones inesperadas, son las distintas formas en que se manifiesta el desajuste entre la secuencia teórica ‘industria–planificación–transformación’ y la dinámica de la ciudad. En este contexto, la heurística de la resiliencia socioecológica y del ciclo adaptativo aporta un marco de análisis útil para, por una parte, caracterizar tipológica y cronológicamente dichos vacíos; y, por la otra, apuntar las dolencias de la planificación urbanística ante las sucesivas trampas del recorrido.
Explorando las claves paisajísticas de la vivienda colectiva moderna: Valparaíso, Chile (1906-1976)
Authors: Ferrada Mario
Published: June 2023

El presente artículo expone la dimensión paisajística de la vivienda colectiva moderna materializada en la ciudad de Valparaíso entre 1906 y 1976, y construida a partir de una comunidad de agentes compuesta por el Estado, las organizaciones sociales y la disciplina arquitectónica. En la producción de este paisaje, dichos actores han sido capaces de elaborar discursos, representaciones sociales e imaginarios, los que constituyen la antesala de la formalización físico-espacial de la vivienda en la geografía cotidiana de la ciudad en referencia. Mediante un enfoque histórico descriptivo, este trabajo se interioriza en algunos ejes temáticos relevantes del discurso habitacional, promovido por los tres tipos de actores referidos, complementados con una selección de casos de vivienda colectiva donde se revela la presencia del paisaje en sus aspectos materiales e inmateriales. De esta manera, se entrega una valoración distinta de la tradicional respecto del significado de la arquitectura habitacional moderna de Valparaíso.
Rugby League in New Zealand: A People's History
Authors: Bodman Ryan
Published: June 2023

This is the history of a sport told through its communities. Rugby League in New Zealand: A People's History tells the story of a game and its supporters thriving against the odds. Beginning with the game's introduction to the country in 1907, Ryan Bodman reveals the deep-rooted connections between rugby league's development and the evolving cultural fabric of New Zealand. Inhabitants of blue-collar working-class suburbs, Irish Catholics, Kīngitanga Māori, Pasifika migrants and West Coast clubs – the people behind the game share accounts of class conflict, prejudice, demographic shifts and industrial upheaval, while emphasising rugby league's lasting influence on New Zealanders' lives. Utilising oral history interviews, rugby league memorabilia and captivating illustrations, Bodman presents an engaging and unique perspective on the cultural significance of sport in New Zealand. The early animosity faced by rugby league from rugby union's governing bodies is shown as playing a pivotal role in the sport's subsequent popularity among marginalised communities across the country. By questioning the mythic status of rugby union in the nation's identity, Rugby League in New Zealand highlights how power, politics and people have collectively shaped the nation's sporting scene.
Productivity Analysis of Freshwater Fish Farming Floating Net Cage System: A Case Study of Cibinong Village, Jatiluhur District, Purwakarta Regency
Authors: Suryana Asep Agus Handaka , Zur’aida Naurah Nazhifah , Nurhayati Atikah , Maulina Ine
Published: June 2023

This research aims to analyze the productivity of freshwater fish farming with a floating net caramba system in Cibinong Village, Jatiluhur District, Purwakarta Regency. In addition to some characteristics of farmers and aquaculture businesses, an assessment of good fish farming methods is also used as complementary data for research. zone 1 or coincides in Cibinong Village, namely at the Port of LLASDP Usman Embankment. The study will run from December 2022 to May 2023. This research is descriptive quantitative using survey method. The data required are quantitative data that are primary and secondary. Primary data were collected through two types of collection techniques, in the form of observation and interviews by filling out questionnaire sheets. While secondary data in this study were obtained data from the Fisheries and Livestock Service, Central Statistics Agency, books, scientific journals, theses, internet, and other reference materials from previous research. The object of research is a floating net caramba freshwater fish farmer in Cibinong village. The sampling as respondents was carried out by purposive sampling method. The results showed that the productivity of freshwater fish farming business in floating net caramba amounted to 482,265 tons / ha, fast water ponds 434,771 tons / ha, and calm water ponds 18,547 tons/ha. The productivity of Tilapia in cages 7x7 m2 produces as much as 14,286 kg / m2, Carp in cages 7x14 m2 produce 10,204 kg/m2, and Patin in cages 7x14 m2 produce 25,510 kg/m2.
Effect of Dexamethasone Addition to Local Anesthetics in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block
Authors: Abdullah-Hel-Baki Md. , Ahmed Kawser , Neher Jaitun , Barman Nirmal Kumar , Hossein Md. Monwar , Sharma Ashutosh Dev , Shil Shiladitya
Published: June 2023

Background: The addition of dexamethasone to local anesthetics in supraclavicular brachial plexus block has been studied to evaluate its impact on block onset and duration, potentially enhancing the efficacy of regional anesthesia.

Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone added to local anaesthetics on the onset and duration of supraclavicular brachial plexus block.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at tertiary hospital from January 2022 to January 2023. Where 100 adult patients undergoing various orthopaedic surgeries on forearm and around the elbow under supraclavicular brachial plexus block were selected and divided into 2 groups of 50 each. In group-A patients received 35 ml of mixture of lignocaine 2%, bupivacaine 0.5% while in group-B patients received the same amount of local anaesthetics with dexamethasone (8 mg). The onset of sensory and motor block and duration of analgesia in two groups were compared and development of complications were observed.

Results: Both Group A (48%) and Group B (42%), where most of the patients in the research are located, have a median age of 41 years. There were 80% males and 20% females in Group A. There were ninety males and ten females in Group B. There was a statistically significant (p 0.05) early onset of sensory and motor block in group B. The analgesic effect lasted much longer in group B (p 0.001) than in group A. In addition, 45% of group A participants were diagnosed with Horner's syndrome, and 7% had Dyspnoea or chest pain. The recurrent laryngeal nerve was blocked in 3% of patients, whereas 2% had insufficient occlusion. In group B, 31% of people experienced horners syndrome, and 5% had Dyspnoea or chest pain. Two percent of patients had a block of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, with one percent experiencing an inadequate block.

Conclusion: Addition of dexamethasone to 1.5% lidocaine with adrenaline in supraclavicular brachial plexus block speeds the onset and prolongs the duration of sensory and motor blockade. However, the use of dexamethasone to prolong the effects of local anesthetics is not encouraged. It might be useful in situations when epinephrine use is limited (such as in hypertension or cardiovascular disease).
Pattern of Liver Function Test in Scrub Typhus Cases: A Hospital Based Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal
Authors: Sah Sanjay Kumar , Sah Navin Kumar , Singh Alok Kumar , Yadav Nirdhan , Marasini Surendra
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim: Scrub typhus, a potentially severe but treatable infection is a major cause of acute non-malarial febrile illness in children in the rural tropics. The present study aims to explore the association between the liver function tests in the cases of scrub typhus and correlate the levels of these parameters with the severity of the scrub typhus infections, their clinical risk characteristics that may be used to forecast disease severity under routine clinical practice.

Methodology: This prospective observational study, conducted at National Medical College Teaching Hospital, a tertiary care referral teaching hospital situated in province two of Nepal over a period of 7 months (November, 2021- May 2022) enrolled 75 scrub typhus cases and their liver function tests were done following standard guidelines.

Results:There were deranged liver function tests in the participants. The mean Aspartate Transaminase, Alanine Transaminase, Total Bilirubin and Albumin were425.48 ± 505.56 U/L, 368.54 ± 402.22 U/L, 3.8 ± 3.1 mg/dL and 3.10 ± 0.8 g/dL, respectively. Most of the cases presented with hypoalbuminemia (66.7%), cardiac dysfunction (64%), acute kidney injury (61%) and hepatitis (60%). About 9 % of the subjects presented as multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS).

Conclusion: Scrub typhus cases presents with deranged liver function tests results and the values can be helpful in assessment of the disease severity and outcome.
Village Adoption Programme: A Benchmark Survey Report of Damera Village
Authors: Swathi G. , Anusha Ch. , Yashaswini Ch. , Harika M. , Kamalakar J. , Kumar G. Santosh
Published: June 2023

Benchmark survey was conducted during the year 2020 in adopted village, Damera of Agricultural College, Warangal to collect information on various aspects like socio-economic conditions of farmers, demographic profile, land holding, cropping pattern, farming system practices and constraints faced by farmers, adoption and technology gaps of new agricultural technologies/varieties. Participatory rural appraisal techniques like direct observation, social mapping, venn diagram, timeline, seasonal calendar, resource mapping and transect walk were followed with the involvement of farmers to find out the information about problems, needs and potentials of the village. The study report shows that, majority of the farmers belong to marginal farmers (75.20%). It was observed that farmers highly depend on local dealers for purchasing seeds. Hybrids were preferred in cotton and maize cultivation and mainly purchased from local shop dealers. Hence, demonstration on popularization of new agricultural varieties/knowledge on remunerative cropping systems and need based location specific capacity building programmes must be conducted to the farmers for improvement in their socio economic status.
Factors Leading to Conductive Hearing Loss among Children Living in Delhi Slum Areas
Authors: Chandel Swati , Singh Akanksha , Harit Anshika , Bose Dipak Kumar , Najeeb S. M. Tarique , Gupta Neena
Published: June 2023

Background: Middle-ear diseases in children pose a significant burden to the healthcare system. Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, cold, and cough often initiate middle ear disease. It results in mild to moderate hearing impairment that can be detrimental to the child's linguistic development. It can further lead to behavioural and cognitive problems. The study was designed to establish a relationship between common middle pathologies like CSOM and OME with hearing loss in children.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of middle ear pathology and its association with hearing loss in slum children of Delhi.

Methods: A study was conducted with 269 children aged five to ten years. The children were screened by otoscopic examination, followed by Tympanometry and then by Pure Tone Audiometry.

Results: The prevalence of middle ear problems was 24.2%, out of which the prevalence of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) was 10.8%, Otitis media with effusion (OME) was 12.3% and Acute Otitis Media (AOM) was 1.1%.  A significant correlation (p< 0.005) was found between hearing loss and middle ear pathology like CSOM and OME. Out of the 65 children with ear pathology, hearing loss was detected in 55 children, out of which 29 children with CSOM, moderated conductive hearing loss was detected in 28 children and out of 33 OME children, mild to moderate conductive hearing loss was detected in 26 children.

Conclusion: The article highlights the high prevalence of middle ear pathology in underprivileged children. The study also concludes the high probability of conductive hearing loss in these children. It is recommended that there is more need for awareness for early detection and treatment of middle ear infection to avoid any language and behavioural problems in the future. Also, the disparity between children living in urban and rural areas needs to be bridged.
The Influence of Firm Characteristics and Capital Structure on Sustainable Growth Rate
Authors: S Muh Afdhal Mubarak A , Haryono Slamet
Published: June 2023

This study examines the impact of firm characteristics and capital structure on the sustainable growth rate of technology and consumer goods companies listed on JII, considering the moderating influence of industrial sector variables. The research utilizes secondary panel data sourced from annual financial reports. The population consists of JII-listed companies from 2018 to 2022, with a purposive sampling approach resulting in a sample size of six firms. The Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square analysis findings reveal that firm size, characteristics, and capital structure significantly influence the sustainable growth rate, with firm size further enhanced through industrial sector moderation. The study contributes theoretically by emphasizing the significance of firm characteristics and capital structure while offering practical insights by showcasing how firms can stimulate sustainable growth through enhanced profitability and capital structure, thereby facilitating reinvestment and development.
Molecular characterization of a moss isoprene synthase provides insight into its evolution
Authors: Kawakami Tetsuya , Miyazaki Sho , Kawaide Hiroshi
Published: June 2023

This is the first report on the molecular characterization of isoprene synthase (ISPS) from the moss Calohypnum plumiforme. After isoprene emission from C. plumiforme was confirmed, the cDNA encoding C. plumiforme ISPS (CpISPS) was narrowed down using a genome database associated with protein structure prediction, and a CpISPS gene was identified. The recombinant CpISPS, produced in Escherichia coli, converted dimethylallyl diphosphate to isoprene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated similarity between the amino acid sequences of CpISPS and moss diterpene cyclases (DTCs) but not ISPSs of higher plants, implying that CpISPS is derived from moss DTCs and is evolutionarily unrelated to canonical ISPSs of higher plants. CpISPS is a novel class I cyclase of the terpene synthase‐c subfamily harboring αβ domains. This study will help further study of isoprene biosynthesis and the physiological functions of isoprene in mosses.
Solid Sample Preparations and Applications for X‐Ray Fluorescence Analysis
Authors: Ichikawa Shintaro , Nakamura Toshihiro
Published: June 2023

X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry is routinely employed for the simple and convenient determination of the content of the major and minor elements composing solid and powdered samples without the need to dissolve the samples. Along with developments in instrument components and analytical techniques, spectrometers have become increasingly smaller and automated. Modern XRF instruments are used by nonspecialists in various fields as well as by experienced analysts; these nonspecialist users may have little knowledge of analytical techniques and may omit to verify their results or may not be aware of the effect that the methods used to prepare their samples can have on the results. The accuracy of the results obtained using XRF largely depends on the properties of the samples, including the flatness, particle size, homogeneity, and thickness. These sample conditions for the reliable determination can be identified by the escape depth, i.e. analytical depth, of fluorescent X‐rays. This article describes the preparation of solid and powdered samples for use in XRF analysis in which the escape depth is taken into consideration. Studies in which loose powder, powder pellet, and glass bead specimens were prepared from such samples are then reviewed. The use of calibration curves derived using synthetic standards that have been prepared from chemical reagents containing analytes is also described, and studies in which analysis techniques based on calibration curves were evaluated using reference materials are also reviewed.
A methodology for incorporating a photon‐counting CT system into routine clinical use
Authors: Bache Steven T. , Samei Ehsan
Published: June 2023

Photon‐counting computed tomography (PCCT) systems are increasingly available in the U.S. following Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first clinical PCCT system in Fall 2021. Consequently, there will be a need to incorporate PCCTs into existing fleets of traditional CT systems. The commissioning process of a PCCT was devised by evaluating the degree of agreement between the performance of the PCCT and that of established clinical CT systems. A PCCT system (Siemens NAEOTOM Alpha) was evaluated using the American College of Radiology(ACR) CT phantom (Gammex 464). The phantom was scanned on the system and on a 3rd Generation EID CT system (Siemens Force) at three clinical dose levels. Images were reconstructed across the range of available reconstruction kernels and Iterative Reconstruction (IR) strengths. Two image quality metrics—spatial resolution and noise texture—were calculated using AAPM TG233 software (imQuest), as well as a dose metric to achieve target image noise magnitude of 10 HU. For each pair of EID‐PCCT kernel/IR strengths, the difference in metrics were calculated, weighted, and multiplied over all metrics to determine the concordance between systems. IR performance was characterized by comparing relative noise texture and reference dose as a function of IR strength for each system. In general, as kernel “sharpness” increased for each system, spatial resolution, noise spatial frequency, and reference dose increased. For a given kernel, EID reconstruction showed higher spatial resolution compared to PCCT in standard resolution mode. PCCT implementation of IR better preserved noise texture across all strengths compared to the EID, demonstrated by respective 20 and 7% shifts in noise texture from IR “Off” to IR “Max.” Overall, the closest match for a given EID reconstruction kernel/IR strength was identified as a PCCT kernel with “sharpness” increased by 1 step and IR strength increased by 1–2 steps. Substantial dose reduction potential of up to 70% was found when targeting a constant noise magnitude.
Association of Foot Symptoms With Decreased Time to All‐Cause Mortality: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project
Authors: Harmon Skylar , Alvarez Carolina , Hannan Marian T. , Callahan Leigh F. , Gates Lucy S. , Bowen Catherine J. , Menz Hylton B. , Nelson Amanda E. , Golightly Yvonne M.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Adults with foot symptoms (ie, pain, aching, or stiffness) may be at increased risk of reduced time to all‐cause mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether foot symptoms are independently associated with all‐cause mortality in older adults.

Methods

We analyzed longitudinal data from 2613 participants from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, a longitudinal population‐based cohort of adults 45 years of age and older. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline to determine presence of foot symptoms and covariable status. Baseline walking speed was measured via an 8‐foot walk test. To examine the association of foot symptoms with time to mortality, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox regression models, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

We observed 813 deaths over 4 to 14.5 years of follow‐up. At baseline, 37% of participants had foot symptoms, mean age was 63 years, mean body mass index was approximately 31 kg/m2, 65% were women, and 33% were Black. Moderate to severe foot symptoms were associated with reduced time to mortality after adjustment for demographics, comorbidities, physical activity, and knee and hip symptoms (HR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.09–1.54). Importantly, this association was not modified by walking speed or diabetes.

Conclusion

Individuals with foot symptoms had an increased hazard of all‐cause mortality compared with those with no foot symptoms. These effects were independent of key confounders and were not moderated by walking speed. Effective interventions to identify and manage at least moderate foot symptoms may reduce the risk of decreased time to mortality.
Eden to Eden: At the Dawn of the Name
Authors: Rizzi Renato
Published: June 2023

If words are viewed as penumbra, in the etymological roots of ‘architecture’, within the ‘arche’ all times are present, and within the ‘techne’ chronological progression can be recorded and seen. The embodied meaning in architecture suggests self‐determination yet also wonder at the ‘rapturous gaze’ of the universe, and the imperative to rework and honour it in our ideas, designs and cities. With this as a starting point, architect and professor Renato Rizzi presents a perception of the world as a continuum – from a wombic Eden to an Eden‐to‐be‐delivered.
OnPoint and other OPCs: How to argue against “crack house” statute
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2023

As long as what is referred to colloquially as the “crack house” statute is still on the books, OnPoint and other overdose prevention centers (OPCs) will have to prove they are legal in spite of that law. But Rob Kent, former legal counsel for the federal Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) and before that, the New York Office of Addiction Services and Supports (OASAS) has ideas for how to do so. “I hate the term,” said Kent, but it is what is used, and the 1986 federal law bans the use or maintenance of any place for the purpose of using illegal drugs.
Effects of xylazine in illicit fentanyl supply: Report from OASAS
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2023

At the COMPA (Coalition of Medication‐Assisted Treatment Providers and Advocates) Symposium last month in Albany, New York, officials from the New York Office of Addiction Services and Supports (OASAS) presented information on the effects of xylazine, increasingly present in the street supply of opioids, especially fentanyl. Pamela Mund, M.D., OASAS associate medical officer, and Sarah Gorry, M.S., an Empire State Fellow with OASAS, shared the following information. Xylazine is
Performance Evaluation of Magnetostrictive Small Wind Turbines Using Fe–Co Alloy–Based Clad Sheets
Authors: Ueno Toshiki , Nakaki Takeru , Mukogawa Taisei , Dong Shuonan , Kurita Hiroki , Otsuka Keisuke , Makihara Kanjuro , Narita Fumio
Published: June 2023

In this study, the Fe–Co alloy is combined with cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) and nickel (Ni) to form Fe–Co/CoFe2O4 and Fe–Co/Ni clad sheets and their energy‐harvesting performance is evaluated. The Fe–Co/CoFe2O4 clad sheet exhibits an output voltage of 4.229 mV and an output power of 6.89 nW at a wind speed of 10 m s−1. The energy‐harvesting performance of both these clad sheets cannot be quantitatively compared owing to their different thicknesses, which result in varying volume and distance from the neutral plane. Nevertheless, the values of output voltage and power for Fe–Co/CoFe2O4 are higher than those for Fe–Co/Ni (2.107 mV and 0.294 nW).
A Highly Integrated 3D MEMS Force Sensing Module With Variable Sensitivity for Robotic‐Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Hou Cheng , Wang Kaiyao , Wang Fengxia , Li Hanyang , Lou Liang , Zhang Songsong , Gu Yuandong , Liu Huicong , Chen Tao , Sun Lining
Published: June 2023

In robotic‐assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS), non‐sentient surgical instruments make it impossible for surgeons to perceive operational force during the procedure. To facilitate surgeons with force telepresence during surgery, a highly integrated MEMS‐based piezoresistive 3D force sensing module, which is composed of a MEMS‐based piezoresistive sensor chip, an encapsulation cap with miniature pyramids, and a top elastic layer, is demonstrated. This innovative combined construction allows for rapid replacement of elastic layers with different thicknesses and different Young's modulus, so as to realize an adjustable sensitivity and measurement range for different surgeries. By replacing the elastic layer, the same amount of change in resistance can be achieved for external force of 3 and 10 N in the Z‐axis; the sensitivity in X‐ and Y‐axes can be increased by a maximum of eight and seven times, respectively. Meanwhile, miniature size enables it to be integrated into various surgical instruments’ tip. Experimental demonstrations involving palpation simulated nodule detection of kidney, ex vivo puncture, and threading forces estimation of tissue‐mimicking are conducted to validate the effectiveness of adjusting sensitivity and range. This sensing module is potentially a promising solution for low‐cost and versatility to surgical instruments, which can facilitate unification of force‐sensing/intelligent surgical instruments.
Cryptotanshinone‐Doped Photothermal Synergistic MXene@PDA Nanosheets with Antibacterial and Anti‐Inflammatory Properties for Wound Healing
Authors: Li Zongjia , Wei Wei , Zhang Miaomiao , Guo Xinyue , Zhang Bailin , Wang Dapeng , Jiang Xiue , Liu Fangxin , Tang Jilin
Published: June 2023

Humans are threatened by bacteria and other microorganisms, resulting in countless pathogen‐related infections and illnesses. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in infected wounds activates strong inflammatory responses. The overuse of antibiotics has led to increasing bacterial resistance. Therefore, effective ROS scavenging and bactericidal capacity are essential and the advanced development of collaborative therapeutic techniques to combat bacterial infections is needed. Here, this work developes an MXene@polydopamine‐cryptotanshinone (MXene@PDA‐CPT) antibacterial nanosystem with excellent reactive oxygen and nitrogen species scavenging ability, which effectively inactivates drug‐resistant bacteria and biofilms, thereby promoting wound healing. In this system, the adhesion of polydopamine nanoparticles to MXene produced a photothermal synergistic effect and free radical scavenging activity, presenting a promising antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory strategy. This nanosystem causes fatal damage to bacterial membranes. The loading of cryptotanshinone further expanded the advantages of the system, causing a stronger bacterial killing effect and inflammation mitigatory effect with desired biosafety and biocompatibility. In addition, combining nanomaterials and active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, this work provides a new rationale for the future development of wound dressings, which contributes to eliminating bacterial resistance, delaying disease deterioration, and alleviating the pain of patients.
Trivalent Europium‐Doped CsCl Quantum Dots for MA‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells with Inherent Bandgap through Lattice Strain Compensation
Authors: Zhuang Xinmeng , Zhou Donglei , Liu Shuainan , Shi Zhichong , Sun Rui , Liang Jin , Jia Yanrun , Bian Shuhang , Liu Zhongqi , Song Hongwei
Published: June 2023

Cesium–formamidinium (Cs–FA) perovskites have garnered widespread interest owing to their excellent thermal‐ and photostability in achieving stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, Cs–FA perovskite typically suffers from Cs+ and FA+ mismatches, affecting the Cs–FA morphology and lattice distortion, resulting in an enlarged bandgap (Eg). In this work, “upgraded” CsCl, Eu3+‐doped CsCl quantum dots, are developed to solve the key issues in Cs–FA PSCs and also exploit the advantage of Cs‐FA PSCs on stability. The introduction of Eu3+ promotes the formation of high‐quality Cs–FA films by adjusting the Pb–I cluster. CsCl:Eu3+ also offsets the local strain and lattice contraction induced by Cs+, which maintains the inherent Eg of FAPbI3 and decreases the trap density. Finally, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.13% is obtained with an excellent short‐circuit current density of 26.10 mA cm−2 . The unencapsulated devices show excellent humidity stability and storage stability, and an initial PCE of 92.2% within 500 h under continuous light illumination, and bias voltage conditions is achieved. This study provides a universal strategy to address the inherent issues of Cs–FA devices and maintain the stability of MA‐free PSCs to satisfy future commercial criteria.
Achieving All‐Plateau and High‐Capacity Sodium Insertion in Topological Graphitized Carbon
Authors: He Xiang‐Xi , Lai Wei‐Hong , Liang Yaru , Zhao Jia‐Hua , Yang Zhuo , Peng Jian , Liu Xiao‐Hao , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Qiao Yun , Li Li , Wu Xingqiao , Chou Shu‐Lei
Published: June 2023

Hard carbon anodes with all‐plateau capacities below 0.1 V are prerequisites to achieve high‐energy‐density sodium‐ion storage, which holds promise for future sustainable energy technologies. However, challenges in removing defects and improving the insertion of sodium ions head off the development of hard carbon to achieve this goal. Herein, a highly cross‐linked topological graphitized carbon using biomass corn cobs through a two‐step rapid thermal‐annealing strategy is reported. The topological graphitized carbon constructed with long‐range graphene nanoribbons and cavities/tunnels provides a multidirectional insertion of sodium ions whilst eliminating defects to absorb sodium ions at the high voltage region. Evidence from advanced techniques including in situ XRD, in situ Raman, and in situ/ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicates that the sodium ions' insertion and Na cluster formation occurred between curved topological graphite layers and in the topological cavity of adjacent graphite band entanglements. The reported topological insertion mechanism enables outstanding battery performance with a single full low‐voltage plateau capacity of 290 mAh g−1, which is almost 97% of the total capacity.
3D Imprinting of Voxel‐Level Structural Colors in Lithium Niobate Crystal
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Zhang Bo , Wang Ziquan , Zhang Jie , Kazansky Peter G , Tan Dezhi , Qiu Jianrong
Published: June 2023

Advanced coloration methods are of pivotal importance in science, technology, and engineering. However, 3D structural colors that are critical for emerging multidimensional information representation and recording are rarely achievable. Here, a facile voxel‐level programmable 3D structural coloration in the bulk lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystal is reported. This is achieved by engineering wavelength‐selective interference between ordinary (O) and extraordinary (E) light in the crystal matrix. To induce effective phase contrast between O and E light for establishing the highly localized interference across the visible band, the presence of a pulse‐internal‐coupling effect is revealed in the single‐pulse ultrafast laser–crystal interaction and an ultrafast‐laser‐induced micro‐amorphization (MA) strategy is thus developed to manipulate local matrix structure. Consequently, micro–nanoscale colorful voxels can be fast inscribed into any spatial position of the crystal matrix in one step. It is demonstrated that the colors can be flexibly manipulated and quickly extracted in 3D space. Multidimensional MA‐color data storage with large capacity, high writing and readout speed, long lifetime, and excellent stability under harsh conditions is achieved. The present principle enables multifunctional 3D structural coloration devices inside high‐refractive‐index transparent dielectrics and can serve as a general platform to innovate next‐generation information optics.
Protonated Organic Semiconductors: Origin of Water‐Induced Charge‐Trap Generation
Authors: Park Sangsik , Choi Wookjin , Kim Seung Hyun , Lee Hansol , Cho Kilwon
Published: June 2023

Despite dramatic improvements in the electronic characteristics of organic semiconductors, the low operational stability of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) hinders their direct use in practical applications. Although the literature contains numerous reports on the effects of water on the operational stability of OFETs, the underlying mechanisms of trap generation induced by water remain unclear. Here, a protonation‐induced trap generation of organic semiconductors is proposed as a possible origin of the operational instability in organic field‐effect transistors. Spectroscopic and electronic investigation techniques combined with simulations reveal that the direct protonation of organic semiconductors by water during operation may be responsible for the trap generation induced by bias stress; this phenomenon is independent of the trap generation at an insulator surface. In addition, the same feature occurred in small‐bandgap polymers with fused thiophene rings irrespective of their crystalline ordering, implying the generality of protonation induced trap generation in various polymer semiconductors with a small bandgap. The finding of the trap‐generation process provides new perspectives for achieving greater operational stability of organic field‐effect transistors.
Tuning the Interlayer Distance of Graphene Oxide as a Function of the Oxidation Degree for o‐Toluidine Removal
Authors: Pargoletti Eleonora , Scavini Marco , Santangelo Saveria , Consolati Giovanni , Cerrato Giuseppina , Longoni Martina , Patané Salvatore , Longhi Mariangela , Cappelletti Giuseppe
Published: June 2023

Graphene oxide (GO) with different oxidation degrees is prepared by a modified Hummers’ method varying KMnO4 amount from 0.5 to 6.0 g. X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD), micro–Raman, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray photoeelectron spectroscopy, Boehm titrations, high–resolution transmission electron microscopy, and, finally, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) are exploited to assess the properties of GO. Results show that increasing oxidant species can tune the interlayer gap between GO sheets up to a maximum value in the case of 4.0 g KMnO4 content. Moreover, these results validate the two‐component‐based model of GO in which, at low oxidation degree, there are unsplit/isolated graphene planes, instead at higher oxidant amounts, a five‐layer sandwiched configuration occurs comprising graphene planes having functional groups decorating the edges (bwGO), hydrated oxidative debris (OD) and “empty” spaces (revealed by PALS as the distance between (bwGO + OD) two‐component layers). In addition, by XRPD analysis, the total gap between two sheets is easily computed. In order to correlate these findings to pollutant removal capability, planar o‐toluidine adsorption is studied. Since this molecule diffuses in an aqueous environment, the obtained adsorption percentages are compared to the thickness of the hydrated OD grafted onto bwGO. A strict connection between the pollutant removal efficacy and the variation of the hydrated interlayer distance is found.