bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-Country Analysis of Inflation Experiences and Homeownership: A Qualitative Review
Authors: Kasih Eka Wahyu , Sugiharti Tanti
Published: October 2024

This qualitative literature review examines the relationship between inflation experiences and homeownership across countries. Drawing on a synthesis of existing research, the review explores how historical inflation contexts influence individuals' decisions to invest in real estate. Findings indicate that periods of high inflation often motivate individuals to view homeownership as a hedge against inflationary pressures, particularly in economies with volatile economic conditions. Institutional factors, such as mortgage market structures and housing policies, play a crucial role in shaping this relationship, influencing overall homeownership rates across different regions. Immigrant populations bring unique perspectives, as their housing decisions in host countries are influenced by inflation experiences in their countries of origin. The review highlights methodological diversity and calls for more longitudinal and cross-country studies to enhance the robustness and generalizability of findings. Addressing these dynamics can provide insights into effective policy interventions aimed at promoting sustainable housing markets globally.
Scaling Culture: How Values Can Grow With the Organization
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: October 2024

This article explores how companies can maintain strong core values and culture as they experience growth and scaling of operations. While values provide important guidance in early stages, expanding teams introduces challenges to adhering to founding principles. Research shows values shape organizational culture and motivate employees, especially during uncertainty. However, scales present complexities like dispersed teams and reduced direct leadership oversight. The article discusses frameworks for thoughtfully anchoring growth within a foundation of shared values and purpose. Case studies of Patagonia and Zappos illustrate integrating values into aligned hiring, training, governance and advocacy at all levels. When exemplified and incentivized through visible leadership and coherent systems, values can strengthen culture as companies expand globally. With application of structures and practices, values can scale upward with business success over time.
REANIMAÇÃO NEONATAL: ABORDAGENS ATUAIS E NOVOS PROTOCOLOS DE INTERVENÇÃO
Authors: Carlos Henrique Meireles Vieira  , Celio da Costa Ribeiro Pinto  , Karen Natany Costa de Oliveira  , Germana Gadelha Da Camara Bione Barreto  , Vitória Maria Almada Bezerra  , Allison Vieira Cavalcante  , Ruhanna Tabatinga Cardoso  , Maria Eduarda Gomes Policarpo  , Larissa Rodrigues Vieira  , Gabriela Maria Lavôr Néri Dantas  , Aline Martins Moreira  , Nathan dos Santos Rodrigues  , Nino Mateus Tavares Testoni  , Felipe César Aquino Ramos da Silveira  , Kawanny Eler Matt  , Ralline Malala Rodrigues Melo  , Ana Vitória Braga Martins  , Fernanda da Silva Negreiros  , Isabela Araújo da Silva  , Matheus Oliveira Cardoso  , Leticia Nunes Costa  , Leonardo Assunção Lima  , Lozano Julio Alexandre Gemente
Published: October 2024

A reanimação neonatal é uma intervenção crítica para garantir a sobrevivência de recém-nascidos que sofrem asfixia ao nascimento, uma das principais causas de mortalidade neonatal. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão abrangente das práticas contemporâneas de reanimação neonatal, destacando os avanços recentes em diretrizes internacionais e os novos protocolos de intervenção baseados em evidências. São analisadas as inovações tecnológicas, a otimização dos cuidados iniciais e a importância da capacitação contínua das equipes de saúde, especialmente em contextos de recursos limitados. A discussão também inclui desafios na implementação global dos protocolos e o impacto dessas práticas na redução da morbidade e mortalidade neonatal. Por fim, o estudo aborda a necessidade de pesquisas futuras para fortalecer a prática clínica e promover melhores desfechos neonatais.
The impact of employee empowerment on job satisfaction, job loyalty, and intention to leave from Private Schools in Siem Reap Province
Authors: Yoeung Sothan , Chhoeuy Pov , Sor Bunthoeun
Published: October 2024

The efficiency and effectiveness of the organization depend on empowering human resources, as well as on job satisfaction and job loyalty, which help reduce employee turnover. This research article aims to assess the impact of empowering employees on job satisfaction, job loyalty, and intention to leave, as well as to evaluate the effect of job satisfaction on job loyalty and intention to leave. We used a multi-stage sampling technique to select 295 respondents from 401 employees of three private schools in Siem Reap Province. The data obtained from participants was quantitative and analyzed using SPSS v.26. The study's results showed that empowering employees positively affects job satisfaction and loyalty. Still, it doesn't significantly affect the intention to leave. Additionally, job satisfaction has a significant positive effect on job loyalty, while it has a negative significant effect on employees' intention to leave. The findings of this study contribute to the theory of social change and human resource management and provide managers with options on how to promote job satisfaction and loyalty and reduce employees' intentions to leave the organization by empowering them.
Seasonal Variation of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Ibrahimi Ikramullah , Shams Salam Jan , Ahmadzai Hayatullah , Sarwari Zakirullah
Published: October 2024

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life threating acute complication of diabetes mellitus aquiring special care. The aim of the study was to find out seasonal variation in the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis in diabetic patients. It was a cross sectional hospital based study conducted over both male and female diabetic patients admitter at the internal medicine ward of Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital during one year. Mean age across DKA was 53.9 ± 14 for DKA negative patients versus 51.3 ± 17.2 for DKA positive patients, P value = 0.26. Winter season was demonstrated with peak DKA positive cases 21 (43.7%) followed by fall 6 (22.2%), summer 11 (12.2%) and spring 10 (10.3%), respectively (P value = 0.01). Common associated factors included infection (72.2%), ischemia (8.2%), insulin withdrawal (7.7%), and others (6.9%) though not statistically different across seasons. There was significant seasonal variation in the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis denoting winter season with peak diabetic ketoacidosis. In fact, infection followed by ischemia and insulin withdrawal was the leading associated factor contributing to the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis. Season specific special attention should be paid the relevant symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis for the early detection and treatment of the disease in order to avoid morbidity and mortality.
Nigerian Climate Change and Its Effects on Environmental and Human Health: A Narrative Review
Authors: Usman Sabo Ago Amina , Zulkifli Mohamad , Muhammad Gwadabe Uzairu , Suleiman Ibrahim Yahaya , Yusuf M.B Maryam
Published: October 2024

Nigeria's human and environmental health is severely impacted by climate change related phenomena such as flooding, air pollution, droughts, erosion, etc. The effects of climate change on environmental and human health in Nigeria suggests that it is now urgent to take health concerns into account when making mitigation and adaptation plans for the effects of climate change. For the Nigerian health sector to be managed effectively, mitigation and adaptation methods are consequently required. The methods for increasing resilience and decreasing vulnerability for environmental sustainability and health in Nigeria are described in this paper. It also highlights the critical need of educating Nigerian institutions and communities about the effects of climate change on human and environmental health as well as creative solutions, such as planned tree planting events, environmentally friendly green technology, and awareness campaigns for sustainable development in Nigeria. The work is highly noteworthy due to the fact that it investigates novel avenues for mitigation and adaptation to the effects of climate change on human and environmental health in Nigeria.
The Effects of Climate Change on Human Health: A Review
Authors: Muhabat Safiullah , Haziq Mohammad Javid , Mohammadzai Shafiqulla , Akbari Nasratullah
Published: October 2024

‌The 21st century presents a serious risk to world health due to climate change. To raise public awareness, this study looked into the effects of climate change on health. This review study reviewed the literature and global research to investigate how climate change affects human health. The findings show that infectious diseases, dehydration, cardiovascular, respiratory, and skin diseases are among the illnesses linked to rising temperatures, heat waves, and climate change. Injuries, respiratory conditions, mental health issues, and dangerous aquatic infections are the main ailments linked to flooding and increasing sea levels. Lyme disease and malaria are two examples of vector-borne illnesses brought on by global warming. Respiratory illnesses and other issues brought on by deteriorating air quality are among the issues brought on by forest fires and psychological disorders. Vulnerable populations are generally more likely to be impacted by climate change, including children, the elderly the disabled, and pregnant women. Climate change has an impact on several areas, including mental health, non-communicable diseases, poisoning, diseases linked to malnutrition and food insecurity, water and foodborne illnesses, and reproductive health care. Because there are many direct and indirect implications of climate change on human health, responsible institutions need to use the media to inform the public and take appropriate action to mitigate these effects.
Psychological Anxiety Responses to Climate Change in Nangarhar University Students
Authors: Haqyar Hakim Khan , Bayan Ehsanullah , Abdulrashid Malikzai
Published: October 2024

Climate change is a global problem, and psychological anxiety responses are becoming recognized as a way in which climate change affects mental health. It is not merely detected in populations that suffer as direct effects of climate change. It can also be seen by people who are aware of climate change impacts. The aim of this study was to determine Nangarhar University students’ views about psychological anxiety responses to climate change. Participants in this study included all students at Nangarhar University who were studying in 2023. Participants completed the validated Climate Change Anxiety Scale through an online Google Form, which was shared with 13 faculty student groups for two weeks. In a convenience sampling method Among them, 350 participants provided their answers that have been included in a quantitative analysis. The collected data were transferred to the SPSS 24 version for analysis through Cronbach's alpha, descriptive method (percentage, number, mean, and standard deviation). The result of this study shows that participants were highly concerned about drought and moderately concerned about hot weather floods and earthquakes. This study also indicates higher psychological anxiety responses in cognitive-emotional impairment and functional impairment due to climate change. This study reveals that participants were more psychologically anxious in both categories of cognitive-emotional impairment and functional impairment due to climate change, so it is suggested to include climate change anxiety in governmental policies and plans for reducing the psychological responses to climate change.
Knowledge and Attitude of Pharmacists Regarding Climate Change and its Impact on Drugs in Jalalabad City
Authors: Noori Wahidullah , Rasouli Abdul Azeem , Behsoodwall Ghulam Rabi , Haideri Qamber Ali
Published: October 2024

Climate change is a serious problem that affects several areas of the community, including the pharmaceutical sector. Drugs are risk factor for climate change, and drugs can have an impact on every component of life.  Pharmacists are essential in guaranteeing the accessibility and effectiveness of drugs, and their understanding of and perspectives on climate change can greatly influence their capacity to tackle the issues raised by this worldwide occurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of pharmacists regarding climate change and its effects on drugs in Jalalabad city. This questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was carried out among 191 male pharmacists in Jalalabad City. A validated questionnaire was used to assess the participants’ knowledge and attitudes of pharmacists regarding climate change and its impact on drugs. Participants in the study had to be adults over the age of twenty. The study period was October 2023 – December 2023. Of 200 pharmacists the ask questions response rate were 95.5% (nine form were incomplete) ،minimum age was 20 year and maximum was 55 years، mean age± SD was 34.66±8.64. 148 (77.5%) of participants had poor knowledge of climate change and 43 (22.5%) had good knowledge. There was no association between the education level and knowledge of participants regarding the climate change and it impact on drugs (p= 0.073). The study's findings indicate that Jalalabad city's pharmacists are not well educated on the possible impacts of climate change on pharmaceuticals. In light of changing environmental conditions, this lack of awareness may have detrimental effects on the accessibility and effectiveness of pharmaceuticals.
Development of IoT Based System for Early Detection of Asthma
Authors: Malik Sameen Ahmed , Chaudhry Muhammad Rehan , Abbas Laiba , Jameel Atiqa , Zia Arifullah
Published: October 2024

‌When airborne dust enters the respiratory system, it causes inflammation and constriction of the airways, making asthmatics' breathing more difficult. Inhaling dust particles, which frequently contain allergens, greatly exacerbates respiratory problems and raises the possibility of asthma episodes. The project intends to deliver individualised alerts based on dust density levels in real-time asthma monitoring, recognising a need in the market for affordable IoT solutions. Using an ESP8266 microcontroller and GP2Y1010AU0F dust sensor, the system provides timely alerts and continuous monitoring to improve asthma management. The process entails using Blynk for real-time data visualisation and analysis and connecting the dust sensor with the ESP8266 microcontroller. The results highlight the system's effectiveness in providing preventive asthma care by demonstrating the successful implementation of Blynk notifications caused by increasing dust density. In conclusion, this Internet of Things-based approach has the potential to enhance patient care through tailored asthma monitoring. Some of the limitations are the wide range of sensor accuracy, the dependence on IoT infrastructure, and the emphasis on dust as the main asthma trigger.
The Road Less Traveled
Authors: Madulara Glaiza , Gonzalez-Andaya Pilar Agnes
Published: October 2024

Behçet’s Disease (BD) is a rare, chronic, systemic vasculitis with diverse manifestations. The patient was a 29-year-old male with a 10-year history of recurrent oral ulcers and gastrointestinal symptoms, managed as different clinical scenarios prior to reaching a final diagnosis of Intestinal BD. Though BD is a diagnosis of exclusion, it should be included in the differential diagnoses of systemic disorders presenting with recurrent oral ulcers.
Position Statement on the Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Allergic Diseases
Authors: Sandejas Arlene Grace , Valerio Maria Rowena , Rodolfo Jacqueline , Ponio-Baloyo Gina Marie
Published: October 2024

Environmental tobacco smoke exposure is one of the major causes of air pollution that has been suspected to play a role in the rise of allergic diseases worldwide. Studies have shown that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during pregnancy and during childhood increases the risk of developing not only allergic airway diseases but also allergic skin diseases. Smokefree legislation has been shown to help in decreasing the burden of allergic diseases in the country. Thus, we fully support the implementation of smokefree legislation in the hope that it will continue to decrease the number of smokers in the country. We strive to educate our patients against the ill effects of environmental tobacco smoke and continue to urge current smokers to quit smoking, not only for themselves but for their entire family.
Use of FEF25-75 in the Evaluation of Children with Bronchial Asthma at the University of Santo Tomas Hospital
Authors: Oloroso-Chavez Kathleen , Gonzalez-Andaya Agnes
Published: October 2024

Background: Retrospective studies have shown that asthmatic patients may have ventilatory defects in the presence of a normal FEV1. Thus, we conducted a prospective cross-sectional study to investigate on the utility of FEF25-75, in the context of having normal FEV1, in the evaluation of children with bronchial asthma at the University of Santo Tomas Hospital.Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study of 165 children aged 6 to 18 years diagnosed with bronchial asthma. All patients underwent routine assessment with a questionnaire, allergy skin prick test and spirometry.Results: Of the 165 asthmatic subjects, 116 (70.3%) had a normal FEV1. Of these, 103 (88.8%) had an additionally normal FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75. There were 3 subjects (2.6%) with normal FEV1 and FEF25-75 who also had low FEV1/FVC; 6 subjects (5.2%) had low FEF25-75 alone; and 4 subjects (3.4%) had both low FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75. A significant number of low FEV1/FVC group (67%) and low FEF25-75 group (50%) had exacerbations within the past 6 months necessitating steroid use. Subjects with low FEF25-75 (56.5 ± 8.26 %predicted) had significantly lower mean values even with normal FEV1 (88.17 ± 4.92) and FVC (92.5 ± 7.09). FEF25-75 is directly correlated with FEV1 (Spearman’s rho = 0.693, p<.001) and with FEV1/FVC (Spearman’s rho = 0.653, p<.001) among all children with bronchial asthma.Conclusion: FEF25-75 may be useful in the evaluation of children with bronchial asthma with normal FEV1. FEF25-75 is strongly and directly correlated to FEV1 and FEV1/FVC.
Abses Iliopsoas Akibat Tuberkulosis: Sebuah Laporan Kasus
Authors:   Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia/RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Gusti Sari Desty
Published: October 2024

Psoas abscess is a rare condition with an unclear clinical presentation where there is a collection of pus in the iliopsoas compartment. The most common cause of an iliopsoas abscess is infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Mycobacterium tuberculosis rarely causes psoas abscesses, with an incidence of about 10–30% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and only 3% of tuberculosis in general. Psoas abscesses due to tuberculosis is quite rare and has non-specific symptoms, so it sometimes causes a late diagnosis. This case study reports on male aged 43-year-old patient who had previously been diagnosed with spondylitis tuberculosis (TBC) and complained of pain accompanied by swelling in both legs and scrotum. A diagnostic examination was performed. Computed tomography (CT) scan abdomen contrast found an abscess on the iliopsoas, so the patient was treated with anti-TBC drugs and percutaneous drainage for abscess evacuation. Clinical and laboratory improvements were obtained after the therapeutic action was carried out.
Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker sebagai Alternatif Penghambat Pompa Proton untuk Mengatasi Gejala Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Sebuah Laporan Kasus Berbasis Bukti
Authors:   Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia/RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Prabata Adam
Published: October 2024

Gastric acid suppression is one of the main pillars of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) treatment. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is the most used drug for suppressing gastric acid in GERD patients currently. Potassium- acid competitive acid blocker (PCAB) is a new class of drug which can be used as an alternative drug for suppressing gastric acid, so hypothetically, this drug could be an alternative of PPI for relieving GERD symptoms. However, the ability of PCAB for relieving GERD symptoms was not established, so this study was aimed to elucidate the ability of PCAB as an alternative drug of PPI for relieving GERD symptoms. Comprehensive literature searching was conducted in several databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, EBSCO, and Proquest with keywords “GERD”, “PCAB”, “PPI” dan “symptoms” on September 16-20, 2023. Early literature searching comprised 229 articles then selected based on clinical question and eligibility criteria to get 3 articles to be appraised critically. Vonoprazan, one of PCAB, was using as the main therapy in all of selected studies. Two randomized control trial (RCT) studies showed the non-inferiority of vonoprazan compared to PPI for relieving GERD symptoms. On the other hand, one systematic review and meta-analysis study showed that vonoprazan was superior than PPI for relieving GERD symptoms. This evidence-based case report (EBCR) shows that vonoprazan is non-inferior, even superior, compared to PPI for relieving GERD symptoms. Further, extensive, and larger researches is still needed to support this evidence and the using of PCAB as main and routine treatment for GERD patients.
Korelasi Skor Get with The Guidelines-Heart Failure dan Rasio Platelet Limfosit pada Pasien Rawat Inap dengan Gagal Jantung
Authors:   Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Hendryk Panjaitan Samuel , Niari Dalimunthe Naomi ,   Divisi Kardiovaskular, Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Supriatmo Supriatmo ,   Divisi Gastroenterologi, Departemen Kesehatan Anak, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Pradana Andika ,   Departemen Pulmonologi dan Kedokteran Respirasi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sumatera Utara
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The Get with the Guidelines-Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) risk score is a widely utilized and validated tool for assessing prognosis in patients with heart failure. Inflammation significantly contributes to the pathophysiology of heart failure, evidenced by platelet activation and a reduction in lymphocyte counts. Consequently, the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) may function as a prognostic biomarker in this population. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the GWTG-HF risk score and PLR as an inflammatory marker in patients hospitalized with heart failure. Methods. This cross-sectional study utilized medical records of heart failure patients admitted to Adam Malik Hospital in Medan from January 2022 to July 2023. Total GWTG-HF scores and PLR values were recorded at the time of patient admission. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between the two variables. Results. The study evaluated 106 patient records, with male patients comprising 72.64% and a mean age of 55.84 (SD 14.09) years. The median GWTG-HF score was 37.5, while the median PLR was 137.14. Correlation analysis yielded a coefficient of r = 0.249 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant association. Conclusion. A weak positive correlation exists between the GWTG-HF score and PLR in patients with heart failure, suggesting that PLR may serve as a supplementary inflammatory marker in prognostic assessments.
Sarkopenia sebagai Faktor Risiko Varises Esofagus Risiko Tinggi berdasarkan Stratifikasi Child-Pugh Pasien Sirosis Hati
Authors:   Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia/Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Sepmeitutu Iwandheny
Published: October 2024

Background The high prevalence of sarcopenia in chronic liver disease negatively impacts the quality of life and increases the risk of various complications of cirrhosis, one of which is the development of esophageal varices. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in cirrhosis patients based on the severity of liver cirrhosis and to explore the association of sarcopenia with high-risk esophageal varices stratified by Child-Pugh. Methods This observational cross-sectional study involved patients with liver cirrhosis at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between January and September 2023. Sarcopenia was defined as a reduction in muscle mass accompanied by decreased grip strength or walking speed, according to the AWGS 2019 criteria (Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between sarcopenia and high-risk esophageal varices. Results A total of 155 patients with liver cirrhosis were included in this study. The majority of liver cirrhosis patients were males, with hepatitis B being the most commonly found etiology. The prevalence of sarcopenia was found in 40.0% of Child-Pugh A patients, 53.8% of Child-Pugh B patients, and 50.0% of Child-Pugh C patients with a p-value of 0.411. The high-risk of esophageal varices was found more frequently in Child-Pugh B (53.8%) and Child-Pugh C (50.0%) compared to Child-Pugh A (25.6%) with a p-value of 0.013. Bivariate analysis showed that the presence of sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis patients has a statistically significant association with an increased risk of high-risk esophageal varices, especially in the Child-Pugh B and C subgroups of liver cirrhosis patients (OR = 7.50 (95% CI: 1.48 – 37.91, p<0.030)). However, no association was found between sarcopenia and high-risk esophageal varices in the Child-Pugh A subgroup (OR = 1.46 (95% CI: 0.65 – 3.29, p<0.477)). Conclusion Sarcopenia significantly increases the risk of high-risk esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis, especially in those with Child-Pugh B and C classification.
Nilai Diagnostik Italian Score untuk Memprediksi Infeksi Bakteri Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) pada Pasien Sepsis di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang
Authors:   Divisi Penyakit Tropik dan Infeksi, Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Fadrian Fadrian
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Infections caused by Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) bacteria, especially in septic patients, require adequate management. Giving definitive antibiotics according to culture results takes a long time. Therefore, a clinical scoring system is needed to predict ESBL bacterial infection, one of which is the Italian score. Methods. This research used a cross-sectional design and was conducted in the inpatient room of RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang for 6 months. The samples in this study were septic patients who underwent culture examination at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang who met the research inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling was carried out using consecutive sampling, and the total sample obtained was 34 samples. Selected samples will have an Italian score calculated, and specimens will be taken for clinical culture examination. Data analysis and processing will involve 2x2 tables and ROC curves. Results. Among a total of 34 participants with an equal distribution of male and female subjects (50% each), the average age was 59 years (standard deviation [SD] 14.15). Microbiological culture results revealed that 26 subjects (76.47%) were identified as positive for ESBL, while 8 subjects (23.53%) were classified as non-ESBL. Based on the Italian score, 22 patients were found to be ESBL-positive, and 12 were non-ESBL. The diagnostic performance of the Italian score yielded a sensitivity of 80.77%, specificity of 87.5%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 95.45%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 58.33%. The accuracy of the Italian score in predicting ESBL bacterial infections among septic patients at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang was demonstrated by an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.820 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75-1.00; p=0.002). Conclusion. The Italian score demonstrated significant performance as a tool in predicting the risk of ESBL bacterial infection.
Penggunaan Antibiotik Empiris yang Rasional pada Era Infeksi oleh Organisme Multi Drug Resistant
Authors:   Divisi Penyakit Tropik dan Infeksi, Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia/RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Sinto Robert
Published: October 2024

Resistensi antimikroba (antimicrobial resistance, AMR), secara khusus antibiotik, telah menjadi masalah dunia saat ini. Masalah resistensi antibiotik terjadi pada seluruh jenis antibiotik yang ada, dan terjadi di seluruh negara, termasuk Indonesia. Dalam skala global, Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa mengeluarkan World Health Assembly Resolution WHA 68.7 dengan judul Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance sebagai wujud perhatian yang mendalam terhadap masalah global ini.
The Origin of Movement Biases During Reaching
Authors: Wang Tianhe , Morehead Ryan J , Tsay Jonathan S , Ivry Richard B
Published: October 2024

Goal-directed movements can fail due to errors in our perceptual and motor systems. While these errors may arise from random noise within these sources, they also reflect systematic motor biases that vary with the location of the target. The origin of these systematic biases remains controversial. Drawing on data from an extensive array of reaching tasks conducted over the past 30 years, we evaluated the merits of various computational models regarding the origin of motor biases. Contrary to previous theories, we show that motor biases do not arise from systematic errors associated with the sensed hand position during motor planning or from the biomechanical constraints imposed during motor execution. Rather, motor biases are primarily caused by a misalignment between eye-centric and the body-centric representations of position. This model can account for motor biases across a wide range of contexts, encompassing movements with the right versus left hand, proximal and distal effectors, visible and occluded starting positions, as well as before and after sensorimotor adaptation.
Automatic learning mechanisms for flexible human locomotion
Authors: Rossi Cristina , Leech Kristan A , Roemmich Ryan T , Bastian Amy J
Published: October 2024

Movement flexibility and automaticity are necessary to successfully navigate different environments. When encountering difficult terrains such as a muddy trail, we can change how we step almost immediately so that we can continue walking. This flexibility comes at a cost since we initially must pay deliberate attention to how we are moving. Gradually, after a few minutes on the trail, stepping becomes automatic so that we do not need to think about our movements. Canonical theory indicates that different adaptive motor learning mechanisms confer these essential properties to movement: explicit control confers rapid flexibility, while forward model recalibration confers automaticity. Here we uncover a distinct mechanism of treadmill walking adaptation – an automatic stimulus-response mapping – that confers both properties to movement. The mechanism is flexible as it learns stepping patterns that can be rapidly changed to suit a range of treadmill configurations. It is also automatic as it can operate without deliberate control or explicit awareness by the participants. Our findings reveal a tandem architecture of forward model recalibration and automatic stimulus-response mapping mechanisms for walking, reconciling different findings of motor adaptation and perceptual realignment.
Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates primate brain dynamics across states of consciousness
Authors: Hoffner Guylaine , Castro Pablo , Uhrig Lynn , Signorelli Camilo M , Dupont Morgan , Tasserie Jordy , Destexhe Alain , Cofre Rodrigo , Sitt Jacobo , Jarraya Bechir
Published: October 2024

The resting primate brain is traversed by spontaneous functional connectivity patterns that show striking differences between conscious and unconscious states. Transcranial direct current stimulation, a non-invasive neuromodulatory technique, can improve signs of consciousness in disorders of consciousness, but can it influence conscious and unconscious dynamic functional connectivity? We investigated the modulatory effect of prefrontal cortex (PFC) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on brain dynamics in awake and anesthetized non-human primates using functional MRI. In awake macaques receiving either anodal or cathodal high-density tDCS (HD-tDCS), we found that cathodal stimulation robustly disrupted the repertoire of functional connectivity patterns, increased structure-function correlation, decreased Shannon entropy, and favored transitions towards anatomically-based patterns. Under deep sedation, anodal HD-tDCS significantly altered brain pattern distribution and reduced structure-function correlation. The prefrontal stimulation also modified dynamic connectivity arrangements typically associated with consciousness and unconsciousness. Our findings offer compelling evidence that PFC tDCS induces striking modifications in the fMRI-based dynamic organization of the brain across different states of consciousness. This study contributes to an enhanced understanding of tDCS neuromodulation mechanisms and has important clinical implications for disorders of consciousness.
Optimizing statistical evaluation of multiclass classification in diagnostic radiology: a study of the two-parameter multidimensional nominal response model
Authors: Nishio Mizuho , Ota Eiji
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to enhance the multidimensional nominal response model (MDNRM) for multiclass classification in diagnostic radiology.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study involved the extension of the conventional nominal response model (NRM) to create the two-parameter MDNRM (2PL-MDNRM). Seven models of MDNRM, including the original MDNRM and subtypes of 2PL-MDNRM, were employed to estimate test-takers’ abilities and test item complexity. These models were applied to a clinical diagnostic radiology dataset. Rhat values were calculated to evaluate model convergence. Additionally, values of the widely applicable information criterion (wAIC) and Pareto-smoothed importance sampling leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO) were calculated to evaluate the goodness of fit of the seven models. The best-performing model was selected based on the values of wAIC and LOO. Probability of direction (PD) was used to evaluate whether one estimated parameter significantly differed.

Results

All estimated parameters across the seven models demonstrated Rhat values below 1.10, indicating stable convergence. The best wAIC and LOO values (988 and 1,121, respectively) were achieved with 2PL-MDNRMr using the truncated normal distribution and 2PL-MDNRMa using the truncated normal distribution. Notably, one test-taker (radiologist) exhibited significantly superior ability compared to another based on PD results from the best models, while no significant difference was observed in nonoptimal models.

Conclusion

2PL-MDNRM successfully achieved parameter estimation convergence, and its superiority over the original MDNRM was demonstrated through wAIC and LOO values.
Impact of foam rolling with and without vibration on muscle oxidative metabolism and microvascular reactivity
Authors: Huang Haizhen , Leng Bin , Zhang Chuan
Published: October 2024

Background and Purpose

There is a growing interest in use vibration foam rolling as a warm up and recovery tool. However, whether vibration foam rolling offers additional benefits to traditional foam rolling is unclear. The current study aims to compare the effects of acute foam rolling, with and without vibration, on skeletal muscle metabolism and microvascular reactivity.

Methods

Fifteen physically active young males were tested on two different days, with gastrocnemius muscle microvascular function assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy coupled with the post-occlusive reactive hyperemia technique, before and after foam rolling, performed with or without vibration. The slope of tissue saturation index (TSI) decrease during occlusion between 120 s to 150 s (TSI occlusion slope) was assessed for muscle metabolic rate. Three commonly used microvascular function indexes, including the first10s TSI slope after occlusion (TSI10), time for TSI to reach half of peak magnitude (TSI1/2), and TSI peak reactive hyperemia, were also assessed.

Results

None of the measured indexes showed significance for interaction or method (all p > 0.05). However, there was a main effect for time for TSI occlusion slope, TSI1/2, and TSI peak reactive hyperemia (p = 0.005, 0.034 and 0.046, respectively). No main effect for time for TSI10 was detected (p = 0.963).

Conclusions

The application of foam rolling can decrease muscle metabolism, and may improve some aspects of muscle microvascular function. However, vibration foam rolling does not seem to offer any additional benefits compared to traditional foam rolling alone.
Synthesis of Metallic Nanomaterials Using Green Chemistry Approaches
Authors: Arum Chinaecherem Tochukwu , Bbumba Simon , Kigozi Moses , Karume Ibrahim , Ssekatawa John , Kiganda Ivan
Published: October 2024

Herein, we reviewed metallic nanomaterials (MNMs), which have gained significant attention due to their unique properties and diverse applications across various fields. However, traditional methods for MNM synthesis often involve toxic chemicals and harsh conditions, raising environmental concerns. However, green synthesis approaches have emerged as promising alternatives. This review explores the various green methods employed for MNM synthesis, including using biological agents like plants, fungi, and bacteria. It further goes deeper into the mechanisms of these methods and discusses the factors influencing the shape, size, and physical properties of the synthesized MNMs. Additionally, the potential applications of green-synthesized MNMs in fields such as catalysis, biomedical sciences, and environmental remediation are discussed. This review aims to examine the synthesis of metallic nanomaterials using green approaches.
Biomass Loss and Land Use Land Cover from Habitat Conversion in Kahe Forest Reserve, Northern Tanzania
Authors: Zella Adili Y. , Kitali Luzabeth J.
Published: October 2024

This paper offers a less known biomass depletion and atmospheric carbon emissions due to habitat alteration in the Kahe Forest Reserve (KFR), Northern Tanzania, during a two-decade span (2003–2023). The paper measures biomass depletion, carbon emissions, carbon dioxide emissions, and the consequent economic effects due to losses in carbon trading. The study used the NAFORMA methodology alongside geospatial analysis to evaluate the ecological and economic impacts of land-use and land-cover alterations inside the reserve. The findings indicate a significant biomass reduction of roughly 23,019.6 tonnes, with corresponding carbon emissions totaling 10,819.2 tonnes. The study quantifies carbon dioxide emissions at 39,706.46 tonnes and assesses a carbon trade loss amounting to US$ 158,825.83. The data underscore the considerable environmental issues confronting KFR, intensified by a 141.4% surge in the human population in the adjacent districts from 1967 to 2022. This demographic pressure has resulted in unlawful agricultural encroachment, although existing protective restrictions, undermining the forest's ecological integrity and carbon sequestration potential. The results highlight the immediate necessity for action to prevent additional habitat deterioration and biodiversity decline. The study concludes with multiple policy recommendations, such as strengthened enforcement of forest protection measures, enhanced community engagement and education, promotion of sustainable agricultural practices beyond the reserve, restoration initiatives, and the incorporation of KFR into global carbon markets. These measures are essential for preserving the ecological integrity of the reserve and guaranteeing the sustainable stewardship of the region's natural resources.
Assessment of Different Germplasm of Aglaonema for Pot and Removal of Prticulate Matter in Air
Authors: R Yukthamukhi , Singh Alka , Nikhitha  , S R Anusha , Shah HP , Chaudhary A. P.
Published: October 2024

The aim of the experiment is to screen twelve germplasm of Aglaonema for their suitability as pot plants and removal of particulate matter in air. The experiment was designed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) at the greenhouse complex of the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, ASPEE College of Horticulture, Navsari (Gujarat), during 2023-24. Morphological parameters were measured using various methods, including a measuring tape for plant height, a digital leaf area meter for leaf area, and manual counting for leaves and branches. Leaf color was evaluated on visual grading system and the RHS Colour Chart (2015), to assess visual appeal and characteristics and percent removal of particulate matter (PM) by the plant was measured using digital air quality index meter. Aglaonema ‘Emerald Bay’ exhibited maximum plant height (73.18 cm), leaf area (311.66 cm²), leaf length (39.28 cm), leaf width (15.26 cm), internodal length (3.43 cm) and visual leaf colour grade (4.88) and dark green leaf colour (137A) as per RHS colour chart followed by Aglaonema commutatum with the plant height (69.58 cm), leaf area (298.09cm²), leaf length (34.28 cm), leaf width (11.10 cm), internodal length (3.34 cm) and visual leaf colour grade (4.80) and dark green leaf colour  (139 A) . Maximum number of leaves were recorded in Aglaonema 'Cutlass' (43.90), while maximum number of branches per plant were observed in Aglaonema brevispathum (13.56). Aglaonema ‘Emarald Bay’ showed the                   maximum removal rate of PM1 per 24 hours (92.16%) followed by Aglaonema commutatum (85.97%). Among all the germplasms, Aglaonema 'Emarald Bay' and Aglaonema commutatum have been highly suitable as pot plant owing to its good plant height, leaf area and their efficiency in removal of PM1.
Determination of Novel Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolated from Rhizospheric Soils of South Gujarat Forest, India
Authors: Vasava Divyesh , Tiwari Sapna , Pandya Aditi , Patel Bhavesh , Patel Narendra
Published: October 2024

Forest regions have good weather conditions for agricultural practices. Crop growth and productivity are affected by the presence of novel bio organisms in these areas. The present study sought to identify the location of the forest rhizosphere soil of some field crops. Screening procedures were used to assess their growth capabilities and evaluate their potential as PGPB. Various features of PGPB, like phosphate and potassium solubilization, nitrogen fixation, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, ammonia (NH3) synthesis, siderophore generation, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) synthesis, were analyzed morphologically, biochemically, and physiologically during the screening process. One isolate out of the nine only produced good results for every attribute studied that promoted plant development. By sequencing their 16S rRNA, the promising isolates were determined to be Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. To assess the efficacy of PGPB and its liquid and powder formulation as a biofertilizer, a field trial had been conducted. In comparison to the uninoculated control, all tested inoculants considerably enhanced the yield components of several crops, the amount of N and P that plants could absorb from the soil, the activity of some soil enzymes, and the overall number of bacteria. The application of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as a PGPR demonstrated significant promise in addressing the obstacles associated with sustainable agriculture in a variety of environmental circumstances.
Efferocytosis in Health, Illness and Beyond: A Narrative Review
Authors: Batra Akshit , Sequeira Joyce P.
Published: October 2024

Our bodies generate many structures that are eventually destroyed, such as the webbing between digits in a fetus, nerve cells that cannot identify target cells during development, and cells that are recruited during an immune response. Our bodies constantly replace their cells. The human body undergoes 109 cell apoptosis on average per day; these cells need to be eliminated to stop their harmful contents from leaking out [1]. The primary phagocytic cell that carries out this crucial apoptotic cell clearance activity is the macrophage [2]. The term "efferocytosis," which means "to take to the grave" or "to bury," refers to this removal of dying or dead cells [3]. We here tend to highlight the importance of the phenomenon, the significance and the clinical conditions it is seen in.
Language Styles Used in CNN Indonesia Advertorial Articles
Authors: Tanjaya Devania , Rini Julia Eka
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to identify the language style based on diction employed by CNN Indonesia in their advertorial articles. The writer analyzed two advertorial articles from the national and lifestyle sections using three indicators from Keraf's language style theory (2006): vocabulary, sentence length, and sentence structure. Additionally, the study was supported by theories of syntax, inversion, and sentences. Conducted using the qualitative method, the study revealed that CNN Indonesia employed all three language styles in their national and lifestyle advertorial articles. The national advertorial article mostly used the formal language style, while the lifestyle advertorial article mostly used the informal and conversational language style. Moreover, the findings showed similarities and differences in the language styles used by both advertorial articles. Some indicators of language style were prominent in one section but not in another. The language style used was influenced by the topic and targeted audience.
The Causes and Effects of Cosmetic Surgery on Kang Hanna as Seen in 200 Pounds Beauty (2006)
Authors: Gunawan Jennifer Elisabeth , Soelistyo Liliek
Published: October 2024

200 Pounds Beauty (2006) is one of the popular Korean Romantic comedy films. It tells the story of Kang Hanna, a woman who faces societal discrimination due to her weight. This film explores her significant decision to undergo cosmetic surgery and the irony that her change does not make her completely happy. This study examines the causes and effects of Kang Hanna’s cosmetic surgery. The main theory for this study is the theory of body image. The findings show that Kang Hanna's negative body image and societal discrimination drive her decision to undergo cosmetic surgery. Additionally, it turns out that cosmetic surgery not only gives an initial effect on Kang Hanna but also further effects.
Negative Parenting Styles in the Second Anime Adaptation of Fruits Basket the Series (2019 - 2021)
Authors: Valencia Vania , Suprajitno Setefanus
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the negative parenting styles employed in the second anime series adaptation of Fruits Basket (2019 - 2021) and the effects on the children, focusing on Ren Sohma, Akito Sohma’s mother, and Isuzu Sohma’s parents as well as the two children. The main theory in this analysis is the parenting styles theory by Diana Baumrind, Eleanor Maccoby, and John Martin. While Ren Sohma’s extreme competitiveness, abuse, and neglect resulted in Akito's emotional hunger, violent tendencies, and rebellion, Isuzu’s parents’ superficial care, abuse, and abandonment led to Isuzu’s low self-worth and self-isolation. This study proves that although both children suffer from authoritarian and neglectful parenting, the different methods that their parents employ lead to different results. Thus, this analysis highlights the long-lasting effects of the negative parenting styles and the varying impacts they have on children.