bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twin-bioengine self-adaptive micro/nanorobots using enzyme actuation and macrophage relay for gastrointestinal inflammation therapy
Authors: Zhang Baozhen , Pan Hong , Chen Ze , Yin Ting , Zheng Mingbin , Cai Lintao
Published: February 2023

A wide array of biocompatible micro/nanorobots are designed for targeted drug delivery and precision therapy largely depending on their self-adaptive ability overcoming complex barriers in vivo. Here, we report a twin-bioengine yeast micro/nanorobot (TBY-robot) with self-propelling and self-adaptive capabilities that can autonomously navigate to inflamed sites for gastrointestinal inflammation therapy via enzyme-macrophage switching (EMS). Asymmetrical TBY-robots effectively penetrated the mucus barrier and notably enhanced their intestinal retention using a dual enzyme-driven engine toward enteral glucose gradient. Thereafter, the TBY-robot was transferred to Peyer’s patch, where the enzyme-driven engine switched in situ to macrophage bioengine and was subsequently relayed to inflamed sites along a chemokine gradient. Encouragingly, EMS-based delivery increased drug accumulation at the diseased site by approximately 1000-fold, markedly attenuating inflammation and ameliorating disease pathology in mouse models of colitis and gastric ulcers. These self-adaptive TBY-robots represent a safe and promising strategy for the precision treatment of gastrointestinal inflammation and other inflammatory diseases.
Soft robotic patient-specific hydrodynamic model of aortic stenosis and ventricular remodeling
Authors: Rosalia Luca , Ozturk Caglar , Goswami Debkalpa , Bonnemain Jean , Wang Sophie X. , Bonner Benjamin , Weaver James C. , Puri Rishi , Kapadia Samir , Nguyen Christopher T. , Roche Ellen T.
Published: February 2023

Aortic stenosis (AS) affects about 1.5 million people in the United States and is associated with a 5-year survival rate of 20% if untreated. In these patients, aortic valve replacement is performed to restore adequate hemodynamics and alleviate symptoms. The development of next-generation prosthetic aortic valves seeks to provide enhanced hemodynamic performance, durability, and long-term safety, emphasizing the need for high-fidelity testing platforms for these devices. We propose a soft robotic model that recapitulates patient-specific hemodynamics of AS and secondary ventricular remodeling which we validated against clinical data. The model leverages 3D-printed replicas of each patient’s cardiac anatomy and patient-specific soft robotic sleeves to recreate the patients’ hemodynamics. An aortic sleeve allows mimicry of AS lesions due to degenerative or congenital disease, whereas a left ventricular sleeve recapitulates loss of ventricular compliance and diastolic dysfunction (DD) associated with AS. Through a combination of echocardiographic and catheterization techniques, this system is shown to recreate clinical metrics of AS with greater controllability compared with methods based on image-guided aortic root reconstruction and parameters of cardiac function that rigid systems fail to mimic physiologically. Last, we leverage this model to evaluate the hemodynamic benefit of transcatheter aortic valves in a subset of patients with diverse anatomies, etiologies, and disease states. Through the development of a high-fidelity model of AS and DD, this work demonstrates the use of soft robotics to recreate cardiovascular disease, with potential applications in device development, procedural planning, and outcome prediction in industrial and clinical settings.
Potent targeted activator of cell kill molecules eliminate cells expressing HIV-1
Authors: Balibar Carl J. , Klein Daniel J. , Zamlynny Beata , Diamond Tracy L. , Fang Zhiyu , Cheney Carol A. , Kristoff Jan , Lu Meiqing , Bukhtiyarova Marina , Ou Yangsi , Xu Min , Ba Lei , Carroll Steven S. , El Marrouni Abdellatif  , Fay John F. , Forster Ashley , Goh Shih Lin , Gu Meigang , Krosky Daniel , Rosenbloom Daniel I. S. , Sheth Payal , Wang Deping , Wu Guoxin , Zebisch Matthias , Zhao Tian , Zuck Paul , Grobler Jay , Hazuda Daria J. , Howell Bonnie J. , Converso Antonella
Published: February 2023

Antiretroviral therapy inhibits HIV-1 replication but is not curative due to establishment of a persistent reservoir after virus integration into the host genome. Reservoir reduction is therefore an important HIV-1 cure strategy. Some HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors induce HIV-1 selective cytotoxicity in vitro but require concentrations far exceeding approved dosages. Focusing on this secondary activity, we found bifunctional compounds with HIV-1–infected cell kill potency at clinically achievable concentrations. These targeted activator of cell kill (TACK) molecules bind the reverse transcriptase–p66 domain of monomeric Gag-Pol and act as allosteric modulators to accelerate dimerization, resulting in HIV-1
+
cell death through premature intracellular viral protease activation. TACK molecules retain potent antiviral activity and selectively eliminate infected CD4
+
T cells isolated from people living with HIV-1, supporting an immune-independent clearance strategy.
Capacity of a Microbial Synbiotic To Rescue the
In Vitro
Metabolic Activity of the Gut Microbiome following Perturbation with Alcohol or Antibiotics
Authors: Tierney Braden T. , Van den Abbeele Pieter , Al-Ghalith Gabriel A. , Verstrepen Lynn , Ghyselinck Jonas , Calatayud Marta , Marzorati Massimo , Gadir Azza A. , Daisley Brendan , Reid Gregor , Bron Peter A. , Gevers Dirk , Dhir Raja , Simmons Sheri L.
Published: February 2023

The human gut microbiome is sensitive to disruptions by common stressors such as alcohol consumption and antibiotic treatment. In this study, we used an
in vitro
system modeling the gut microbiome to investigate whether treatment with a microbial synbiotic can help restore microbiome function after stress.
Disrupting Central Carbon Metabolism Increases β-Lactam Antibiotic Susceptibility in Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Keller Megan , Han Xiang , Dörr Tobias
Published: February 2023

Antibiotic tolerance (the ability to survive exposure to antibiotics) is a stepping stone toward antibiotic resistance (the ability to grow in the presence of antibiotics), an increasingly common cause of antibiotic treatment failure. The mechanisms promoting tolerance are poorly understood.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Rhodopseudomonas
sp. Strain P2A-2r, Isolated from Arctic Soil
Authors: Guro Polina , Karaevskaya Ekaterina , Karlov Denis , Kuznetsova Irina , Sazanova Anna , Safronova Vera
Published: February 2023

Microorganisms of extremely cold habitats are unique objects for studying their biogeochemical properties and mechanisms. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of the strain
Rhodopseudomonas
sp. P2A-2r, isolated from arctic soil in Svalbard, Norway. The genome consists of a 6.7-Mbp circular chromosome.
Draft Genome Sequences of Spacecraft-Associated Microbes Isolated from Six NASA Missions
Authors: Tran Michelle T. , Seuylemezian Arman , Wright Alonna , Coil David , Eisen Jonathan , Guan Lisa
Published: February 2023

Whole-genome sequencing can be used to better understand and assess the functional abilities of microorganisms isolated from spacecraft hardware and associated surfaces for planetary protection (PP) purposes. We sequenced 191 isolates from 6 spaceflight missions with PP requirements and identified them using Illumina-based sequencing methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry.
Collection of Annotated Acinetobacter Genome Sequences
Authors: Winter Macaulay , Harms Klaus , Johnsen Pål , Vos Michiel
Published: February 2023

The genus
Acinetobacter
contains environmental species as well as opportunistic pathogens of humans. Several species are competent for natural transformation, an important mechanism of horizontal gene transfer. Here, we present the genome sequences of 19
Acinetobacter
strains used in past and upcoming studies of natural transformation.
Prescribe, Review, Now!: an assessment of adequate PRN analgesia and associated laxative prescribing using Hospital Electronic Prescribing and Medicines Administration (HEPMA)
Authors: McMillan Matthew , Burgess Alexandra Jayne
Published: February 2023

Introduction

On HEPMA there is no way to notify a prescriber if patients are regularly accessing PRN (as-required) analgesia. We aimed to assess how well PRN analgesia use is identified, the WHO analgesic ladder and whether laxatives were prescribed with opioid analgesia.

Methods

3 data collection cycles were carried out for all medical inpatients between February-April 2022. Medication was reviewed to determine: 1) PRN analgesia prescribed? 2) Is the patient accessing it >3 times in 24hours? 3) Con-current laxatives prescribed. Between each cycle, an intervention was implemented. Intervention 1: Posters were placed on each ward and circulated electronically as a cue to a review and change analgesia “Prescribe. Review. Now!” Intervention 2: A presentation on data, the WHO analgesic ladder and laxative prescribing was created, and circulated.

Results

See Figure 1 – Comparison of prescribing per cycle. Cycle 1 - 167 inpatients surveyed, 58%female, 42%male, mean age 78(±13.4). Cycle 2 - 159 inpatients,65% female, 35% male, mean age of 77 (±15.7). Cycle 3 - 157 inpatients, 62% female, 38% male, mean age 78 (±15.7). Adequate prescriptions on HEPMA improved by a total of 31% (p<0.005), over 3 cycles and 2 interventions.

Conclusions

After each intervention there was a significant statistical improvement in prescribing analgesia and laxatives. However, there is still room for further improvement, especially in ensuring adequate laxative cover is prescribed for all patients either >65 years old, or those on opioid-based analgesia. Visual reminders on wards of regularly checking PRN medication showed to be an effective intervention.
Seven cases of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia-like hepatic vascular abnormalities associated withEPHB4pathogenic variants
Authors: Guilhem Alexandre , Dupuis-Girod Sophie , Espitia Olivier , Rivière Sophie , Seguier Julie , Kerjouan Mallorie , Lavigne Christian , Maillard Hélène , Magro Pascal , Alric Laurent , Lipsker Dan , Parrot Antoine , Leguy Vanessa , Vanlemmens Claire , Guibaud Laurent , Vikkula Miikka , Eyries Melanie , Valette Pierre-Jean , Giraud Sophie
Published: February 2023

Background

EPHB4loss of function is associated with type 2 capillary malformation–arteriovenous malformation syndrome, an autosomal dominant vascular disorder. The phenotype partially overlaps with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) due to epistaxis, telangiectases and cerebral arteriovenous malformations, but a similar liver involvement has never been described.

Methods

Members of the French HHT network reported their cases ofEPHB4mutation identified after an initial suspicion of HHT. Clinical, radiological and genetic characteristics were analysed.

Results

Among 21 patients withEPHB4, 15 had a liver imaging, including 7 with HHT-like abnormalities (2 female patients and 5 male patients, ages 43–69 years). Atypical epistaxis and telangiectases were noted in two cases each. They were significantly older than the eight patients with normal imaging (median: 51 vs 20 years, p<0.0006).

The main hepatic artery was dilated in all the cases (diameter: 8–11 mm). Six patients had hepatic telangiectases. All kind of shunts were described (arteriosystemic: five patients, arterioportal: two patients, portosystemic: three patients). The overall liver appearance was considered as typical of HHT in six cases.

SixEPHB4variants were classified as pathogenic and one as likely pathogenic, with no specific hot spot.

Conclusion

EPHB4loss-of-function variants can be associated with HHT-like hepatic abnormalities and should be tested for atypical HHT presentations.
Seed germination requirements of Amaranthus retroflexus L. populations exposed to environmental factors
Authors: Safavi Mina , Rezvani Mohammad , Zaefarian Faezeh , Golmohammadzadeh Sajedeh , Sindel Brian M.
Published: February 2023

Seed germination studies are often used to predict the potential of plants to extend their global distribution. In this research, the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations, pre-chilling, temperature, water and salt stresses, pH, high-temperature pretreatment, planting depth, and flooding on seed germination and seedling emergence of three Amaranthus retroflexus L. populations was investigated. GA3 concentration significantly affected seed germination of all three A. retroflexus populations grown under light/dark conditions. All three populations germinated under constant (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) and alternating (20/15, 25/18, and 35/25 °C (day/night)) temperatures. The optimum alternating temperature for germination of all three populations was 18/25 °C day/night. Seed germination was severely reduced under moisture and salt stresses. Seedling emergence was reduced on the soil surface by increasing the planting depth from 2.5 to 7.5 cm, and no seedlings emerged when the planting depth of seeds was more than 10 cm . The results of this research help us to understand the germination capacity and requirements of A. retroflexus in different environments and also provide information to help better control the weed.
A century-long time series reveals large declines and greater synchrony in Nass River sockeye salmon size-at-age
Authors: Freshwater Cameron , Duguid Will , Juanes Francis , McKinnell Skip
Published: February 2023

The ability to comprehend the nature of changes in body size is often limited by time series of relatively short duration. Using archival records of 118 573 individual measurements, we developed a 106-year time series of mean size-at-age, by sex, of Nass River sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka). Size-at-age declined during the last century in several distinct stanzas. Until the 1930s, there was weak covariation in size-at-age among age classes of both sexes. Thereafter, all time series exhibited a coherent cyclical pattern, superimposed on an underlying decline, reaching smallest average size-at-age in 2019. Age classes sharing the same years of ocean growth had more similar patterns of variation than those sharing a common brood year, suggesting a dominant role of marine life history. Since 1914, mean size-at-age declined from 5% up to 13% depending on age class and sex, resulting in an estimated 7%–19% decline in fecundity, which is likely to reduce the productivity of these populations. In the absence of increased survival, management targets based on fixed adult escapements may result in overexploitation.
Optical solitons to the beta-fractional density dependent diffusion-reaction model via three different techniques
Authors: Razzaq Waseem , Alsharidi Abdulaziz Khalid , Zafar Asim , Alomair Mohammed Ahmed
Published: February 2023

This research is concerned with some modernistic optical solitons of beta-fractional density-dependent diffusion-reaction model. The collected optical solutions can be executed in exposing this model in a prominent form. The obtained results include the trigonometric, hyperbolic trigonometric, rational and exponential functions. Verification of achieved results is also done by using Mathematica tools. Three distinct techniques named as [Formula: see text] function, extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion (EShGEE) and modified extended [Formula: see text] function expansion techniques are employed to protect the results. The achieved results are also illustrated by 2-D, 3-D and contour plots. The gained results can also be fruitful for the development of model in future.
Ease to Challenges in Achieving Successful Synthesized Schiff Base, Chirality, and Application as Antibacterial Agent
Authors: Odularu Ayodele Temidayo
Published: February 2023

This study reports how to overcome the challenges experienced in achieving successful synthesized Schiff base via types of Schiff base (chiral and achiral), synthesis, nature of products, and its antibacterial applications. Schiff base is a versatile ligand which is useful in asymmetric reactions to prepare chiral catalysts. It is also used in symmetric reactions to prepare achiral compounds. In line with the achiral compounds, conventional (room temperature and refluxing) and microwave irradiation methods are the two main types of methods to synthesize achiral Schiff base as reported in this review. Among various experimental approaches, this study supports the green chemistry microwave approach to synthesize Schiff base because of its benefits environmental sustainability. Problems relating to the nature of products formed from the synthesized Schiff bases were examined and resolved. Herein, the products could either be solid (crystals, powder, and precipitate), oily, or viscous (sticky) products. Some familiar characterization techniques used to identify and confirm the successful syntheses of Schiff bases, such as solubility test, melting point (MP), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR), were discussed. In addition, the antibacterial studies on Schiff base and corresponding metal complexes confirmed their biological relevance to the human.
Characterization of TIM-3 Expression and Its Correlation with TNF-α and IFN-γ in Patients with Surgically Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tan Jian , Shen Piao , Yang Xingping , Cai Weijie , Liao Hongying
Published: February 2023

Objective. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing protein-3 (TIM-3) is an important immune checkpoint, but its role in lung cancer is still not clear. In this study, we investigated TIM-3 protein expression and its correlation with TNF-α and IFN-γ by examining the tissues of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Methods. We detected the mRNA quantity of TIM-3, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in 40 surgically resected specimens from patients with lung adenocarcinoma by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein expression of TIM-3, TNF-α, and IFN-γ was assessed in normal tissues, paracarcinoma tissues, and tumor tissues by western blotting, respectively. The relevance between the expression and clinicopathological information of the patients was analyzed. Results. The results showed that the expression level of TIM-3 was higher in tumor tissues than normal tissues and paracancerous tissues (

P
<
0.05

). On the contrary, the expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ in tumor tissues was lower than normal tissues and paracarcinoma tissues (

P
<
0.05

). However, the expression levels of IFN-γ mRNA were not observed to be significantly different between cancerous tissues and adjacent tissues. While TIM-3 protein expression in cancer tissues of patients with lymph node metastasis was higher than in patients without metastasis, the expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ was lower (

P
<
0.05

). Importantly, the expression of TIM-3 was negatively correlated with the expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ, and the expression of TNF-α was found to be positively correlated with IFN-γ in the patient. Conclusion. The high expression of TIM-3, the low expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ, and the synergistic effect of TNF-α and IFN-γ in patients with lung adenocarcinoma were closely related to poor clinicopathological characteristics. Overexpression of TIM-3 may play an important role in the relationship between TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion and poor clinicopathological characteristics.
Mechanism of Action of Decitabine in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Regulating LINC00599
Authors: Du Fan , Jin Ting , Wang Li
Published: February 2023

Objective. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy with a low long‐term survival rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of decitabine (DAC) treatment cell proliferation and apoptosis in AML and role of the expression of LINC00599 and, consequently, miR‐135a‐5p. Materials and Methods. Human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL‐60) and human acute lymphatic leukemia (CCRF‐CEM) cells were treated with various concentrations of DAC. Cell proliferation in each group was detected using the cell counting kit 8. For each group, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using flow cytometry. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was performed to examine the expression of lncRNA LINC00599. The expression of apoptosis‐related proteins was analyzed using western blotting. The regulatory relationship between miR‐135a‐5p and LINC00599 was verified by constructing miR‐135a‐5p mimics, miR‐135a‐5p inhibit, wild type LINC00599 3′‐untranslated region (UTR), and mutant LINC00599 3′‐UTR. Ki‐67 expression in the tumor tissues of nude mice was detected using immunofluorescent assays. Results. Both DAC and LINC00599 Inhibit groups were able to significantly reduce the proliferation of HL60 and CCRF‐CEM cells, increase apoptosis, upregulate the expression of Bad, cleaved caspase‐3, and miR‐135a‐5p, downregulate the expression of Bcl‐2, and elevate ROS levels in cells, with these effects being more pronounced after combined treatment with DAC and LINC00599 Inhibit. In comparison to mimic NC, the miR‐135a‐5p mimic group significantly decreased the relative fluorescence activity ratio of LINC00599 3′‐UTR wild‐type CCRF‐CEM cells. The LINC00599 Inhibit and miR‐135a‐5p mimic groups exhibited substantially reduced proliferation of HL60 and CCRF‐CEM cells, increased apoptosis, upregulated Bad, cleaved caspase‐3, and miR‐135a‐5p expression, along with downregulated Bcl‐2 and LINC00599 expression and increased ROS levels in cells; these effects were more pronounced after LINC00599 Inhibit was combined with miR‐135a‐5p mimics. In vivo experiments revealed that both DAC and LINC00599 Inhibit were able to considerably reduce the long diameter, short meridian, volume, and mass of tumors, increase miR‐135a‐5p expression, and decrease LINC00599 and ki‐67 expression in tumor tissues of nude mice. This effect was more pronounced when the DAC and LINC00599 Inhibit were used in combination. Conclusion. DAC regulates the expression of miR‐135a‐5p by regulating the expression of LINC00599, which in turn affects cell proliferation, apoptosis, and tumor proliferation. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for improving the clinical outcome of AML.
Remote Sensing Image Change Detection Network Based on Twin High-Resolution Representation
Authors: Wu Xiaosuo , Ma Yaya , Yan Haowen , Qiao Ze , Wu Chaoyang , Guo Cunge , Yao Shuang , Fan Yufeng
Published: February 2023

With the increase of spatial resolution of remote sensing images, features of feature imaging become more and more complex, and the change detection methods based on techniques such as texture representation and local semantics are difficult to meet the demand. Most change detection methods usually focus on extracting semantic features and ignore the importance of high-resolution shallow information and fine-grained features, which often lead to uncertainty in edge detection and small target detection. For single-input networks when two temporal images are connected, the shallow layer of the network cannot provide the information of the individual original image to the deep layer features to help reconstruct the image, and therefore, the change detection results may be missing in detail and feature compactness. For this purpose, a twins context aggregation network (TCANet) is proposed to perform change detection on remote sensing images. In order to reduce the loss of spatial accuracy of remote sensing images and maintain high-resolution representation, we introduce HRNet as our backbone network to initially extract the features of interest. Our proposed context aggregation module (CAM) can amplify the convolutional neural network receptive field to obtain more detailed contextual information without significantly increasing the computational effort. The side output embedding module (SOEM) is proposed to improve the accuracy of small volume target change detection as well as to shorten the training process and speed up the detection while ensuring the performance. The method has experimented on the publicly available CDD dataset, the SYSU-CD dataset, and a challenging DSIFN dataset. With significant improvements in precision, recall, F1 score, and overall accuracy, the method outperforms the five methods mentioned in the literature.
The Impact of R&D Investment and Policy Support on Intelligent Manufacturing Level: Based on the fsQCA Method
Authors: Qin Zeyu , Lu Qi , Yao Zhenjiu
Published: February 2023

Intelligent manufacturing is the main direction of manufacturing transformation and upgrading in developing countries. However, the issue of how to systematically improve the level of intelligent manufacturing in enterprises has not been effectively solved. The analyses in this study are based on data collected from a sample of 45 manufacturing companies in China from 2016 to 2018, and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to explore the impact of R&D, policy support, and enterprise characteristics on the level of intelligent manufacturing. The results find that three modes and four configurations for enterprises achieve high‐level intelligent manufacturing. Specifically, firstly, enterprises with larger scale and better benefits can achieve high‐level intelligent manufacturing with less R&D investment. Secondly, large enterprises with a high leverage ratio and high R&D capital investment can sacrifice short‐term profitability and complete intelligent transformation through lower human capital investment. With the help of policy support, we maintain a high human capital investment and accelerate the completion of the intelligent upgrade. Thirdly, small companies can use higher R&D human capital investment to achieve the goal of intelligence. These findings provide valuable insights for enterprises to effectively achieve intelligent transformation.
Rutin and Hesperidin Alleviate Paclitaxel‐Induced Nephrocardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats via Suppressing the Oxidative Stress and Enhancing the Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms
Authors: Ali Yasmine A. , Ahmed Osama M. , Soliman Hanan A. , Abdel-Gabbar Mohamed , Al-Dossari M. , El-Gawaad N. S. Abd , El-Nahass El-Shaymaa , Ahmed Noha A.
Published: February 2023

Paclitaxel is a primary chemotherapy agent that displays antitumor activity against a variety of solid tumors. However, the clinical effectiveness of the drug is hampered by its nephrotoxic and cardiotoxic side effects. Thus, this investigation aimed at assessing the protective effects of rutin, hesperidin, and their combination to alleviate nephrotoxicity caused by paclitaxel (Taxol), cardiotoxicity in male Wistar rats, as well as oxidative stress. Rutin (10 mg/kg body weight), hesperidin (10 mg/kg body weight), and their mixture were given orally every other day for six weeks. Rats received intraperitoneal injections of paclitaxel twice weekly, on the second and fifth days of the week, at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight. In paclitaxel‐treated rats, the treatment of rutin and hesperidin decreased the elevated serum levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid, indicating a recovery of kidney functions. The cardiac dysfunction in paclitaxel‐treated rats that got rutin and hesperidin treatment also diminished, as shown by a substantial reduction in elevated CK‐MB and LDH activity. Following paclitaxel administration, the severity of the kidney and the heart’s histopathological findings and lesion scores were markedly decreased by rutin and hesperidin administration. Moreover, these treatments significantly reduced renal and cardiac lipid peroxidation while markedly increased GSH content and SOD and GPx activities. Thus, paclitaxel likely induces toxicity in the kidney and the heart by producing oxidative stress. The treatments likely countered renal and cardiac dysfunction and histopathological changes by suppressing oxidative stress and augmenting the antioxidant defenses. Rutin and hesperidin combination was most efficacious in rescuing renal and cardiac function as well as histological integrity in paclitaxel‐administered rats.
A New General Solution of Axisymmetric Elastic Space Problem in Pavement Engineering
Authors: Lei Sun
Published: February 2023

The general solution of the axial symmetry elastic space problem in cement concrete pavement is an elementary question. Combining the Love method and the Southwell method, the Southwell operator was used in the variable selection process, the displacement function was introduced to express the displacement component by the Love method, the expression of stress indicated by the displacement function was obtained by combining the displacement components, geometric equations, and physical equations, then the stress was substituted into the equilibrium equation, the biharmonic equation of displacement function was obtained by mathematical operation, and finally, a new general solution of the axisymmetric elastic space problem in cement concrete pavement was obtained. According to the proposed general solution, mechanical calculation for a cement concrete pavement slab on Winkler foundation was carried out, the displacement curve at the top surface of the slab and the stress curve at the top, middle, and bottom surface of the slab were derived, and the results showed that the method is feasible in the calculation of cement concrete pavement. The general solution provided a new method for solving the axisymmetric elastic space problem of cement concrete pavement.
A Five-LLPS Gene Risk Score Prognostic Signature Predicts Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lai Wenwen , Li Defu , Ge Qiong , Yan Yehong , Luo Shiwen , Lu Quqin
Published: February 2023

Background. Primary liver cancer, dominated by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is one of the most common cancer types and the third leading cause of cancer death in 2020. Previous studies have shown that liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer including HCC, but its influence on the patient prognosis is still unknown. It is necessary to explore the effect of LLPS genes on prognosis to accurately forecast the prognosis of HCC patients and identify relevant targeted therapeutic sites. Methods. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and PhaSepDB dataset, we identified LLPS genes linked to the overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. We applied Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox penalized regression analysis to choose the best genes for the risk score prognostic signature. We then analysed the validation dataset and evaluated the effectiveness of the risk score prognostic signature. Finally, we performed quantitative real-time PCR experiments to validate the genes in the prognostic signature. Results. We identified 43 differentially expressed LLPS genes that were associated with the OS of HCC patients. Five of these genes (BMX, FYN, KPNA2, PFKFB4, and SPP1) were selected to generate a prognostic risk score signature. Patients in the low-risk group were associated with better OS than those in the high-risk group in both the training dataset and the validation dataset. We found that BMX and FYN had lower expression levels in HCC tumour tissues, whereas KPNA2, PFKFB4, and SPP1 had higher expression levels in HCC tumour tissues. The validation demonstrated that the five-LLPS gene risk score signature has the capability of predicting the OS of HCC patients. Conclusion. Our study constructed a five-LLPS gene risk score signature that can be applied as an effective and convenient prognostic tool. These five genes might serve as potential targets for therapy and the treatment of HCC.
Could Textual Features Offer Incremental Information to Financial Distress Prediction? Evidence from the Listed Firm in China
Authors: Zheng Liyuan , Gao Pengqun , Feng Lianghui , Wang Mengjiao
Published: February 2023

Both academia and industry believe that introducing textual features into a financial distress prediction model can improve its accuracy. However, the textual features introduced by the research are relatively singular and fail to reflect the overall situation of the text comprehensively and effectively. Based on the traditional Z-score financial indicators model, four textual features of MD&A are introduced, namely, sentiment tone, text readability, forward-looking depth, and performance self-attribution. Using logistic regression, BP neural network, and deep belief network, empirical research draws conclusions from listed companies in China. The results show that the financial distress prediction model of listed companies considering multitextual features can effectively improve the prediction accuracy, and deep belief network has the potential to perform better prediction.
Numerical Simulation on Impeller Casting Defects and Optimization
Authors: Liu Lijian , Jia Yuxian , Zhou Zhiqiang , Xue Zhanpu , Chen Youdong
Published: February 2023

The numerical simulation is similar to the experimental research, which uses the computer. 3D printing is an experimental study, which is compared with simulation. 3D printing and precision casting of impellers are frequently used in industrial scenarios. To address the problem of low casting yield of aluminium alloy impellers in gypsum‐type casting, three‐dimensional modelling by magics, casting simulation, and parameter optimization method by applying ProCAST software are used to improve the casting yield of impellers. The results show that the optimized structure of the casting system is more reasonable, so that the shrinkage and shrinkage defects are concentrated in the location of the riser; the maximum stress value of the casting and the casing during the solidification stage is 2.71 MPa, which is much smaller than the stress limit of the casing; the maximum horizontal displacement of the casting along the X and Y axes after solidification is completed at 0.025 mm and 0.022 mm, respectively, and the maximum displacement along the Z axis due to the presence of the riser is 0.009 mm, which greatly improves casting accuracy and molding quality.
Electrical Fire Dynamic Risk Assessment for High‐Rise Buildings Based on Variable Fuzzy Set Theory and Bayesian Network
Authors: Su Lei , Wei Chongwen , Yang Fan , Zhang Lei , Shen Yu , Zhang Fan , Yang Zhichun
Published: February 2023

High‐rise buildings fires are far more harmful than ordinary fires. In this regard, fire risk assessment is an important way to control fire risk and reduce losses. This study presents a comprehensive model to electrical fire dynamic risk assessment of high‐rise buildings based on a Bayesian network (BN) and a variable fuzzy set theory (VFST). Firstly, electric system, safety management, and other factors were comprehensively analyzed based on three categories: hazard sources identification (HSI), fault tree (FT) analysis, and VFST. A high‐rise building electrical fire dynamic risk assessment model was established based on a BN. Secondly, the prior probability of BN root nodes was determined by VFST, and the conditional probability table (CPT) was determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and decomposition method. On that basis, the quantitative inference and sensitivity analysis can be performed on the electrical fire risks of high‐rise buildings in combination with the variable fuzzy Bayesian network (VFBN) inference. Finally, a high‐rise building in Wuhan, China, was used as an example for verification. The results show that the proposed method can realize dynamic risk assessment of electrical fires in high‐rise buildings. This study provides a new method for fire risk assessment of high‐rise buildings to reduce the possibility of fire.
Development of an Effective Oral Vaccine Dissemination Strategy against Classical Swine Fever for Wild Boar in Gifu Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Ito Satoshi , Bosch Jaime , Aguilar-Vega Cecilia , Isoda Norikazu , Martínez-Avilés Marta , Sánchez-Vizcaíno José Manuel
Published: February 2023

In September 2018, classical swine fever (CSF) reemerged in Japan after more than a quarter of a century. After the first notification on a pig farm, wild boars positive for CSF were found continuously in the surrounding area. Gifu was the first prefecture in Japan to disseminate oral vaccines to wild boars in March 2019, with vaccines spread to approximately 14,000 sites between 2019 and 2020. While these diligent measures seemed to have shown some effectiveness, several vaccine spray sites remained without wild boar emergence. Based on the vaccine dissemination records from these periods, this study conducted a statistical analysis to propose more effective vaccine dissemination sites. First, a generalized linear mixed model was used to identify factors correlated with wild boar emergence. Then, two spatial interpolation methods, inverse distance weighted (IDW) and Kriging, were adopted to create a probability map of wild boar emergence for the entire Gifu Prefecture. The analysis showed a positive correlation between wild boar emergence and the appearance of raccoons, raccoon dogs, and crows as well as road density and wild boar distribution index. In particular, raccoon (OR: 1.83, 95%CI: 1.25–2.68,

p

 < 0.001), raccoon dog (OR: 1.81, 95%CI: 1.25–2.66,

p

 < 0.001), and medium level road density (OR: 1.56, 95%CI: 1.04–2.39,

p

 = 0.04) were strongly correlated with wild boar emergence. The spatial interpolation approach resulted in better prediction accuracy for the Kriging method than for IDW by the root mean square error, but both approaches identified a high wild boar appearance probability area in southeastern Gifu and a low appearance probability area in central Gifu. Here we have demonstrated a tool to effectively disperse oral vaccine to wildlife.
The Outcomes of Balanced Orbital Decompression for Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy: Focusing on Choroiretinal Folds with and without Optic Disc Edema
Authors: Zeng Peng , Deng Xiao-wen , Tian Peng , Peng Yuan-yu , Xu Ming-tong , Zhou Shi-you , Wang Mei
Published: February 2023

Purpose. To assess the outcomes of balanced orbital decompression for chorioretinal folds (CRFs) with and without optic disc edema (ODE) in dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). Method. A retrospective, interventional study was performed at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from April 2018 to November 2021. We collected the medical records of 13 patients (24 eyes) with DON and CRFs. Then, we divided them into the ODE group (15 eyes, 62.5%) and the non-ODE group (NODE group, 9 eyes, 37.5%). The valid ophthalmic examination parameters of 8 eyes in each group after balanced orbital decompression were compared at the 6-month follow-up. Results. The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA,

0.29
±
0.27

) and visual field-mean deviation (VF-MD,

−
6.55
±
3.71

 dB) in the ODE group were significantly worse than those in the NODE group (

0.06
±
0.15

and

−
3.49
±
1.56

 dB; all

p
<
0.01

). Six months after orbital decompression, all parameters were found to have significantly improved in both groups, including BCVA and VF-MD (all

p
<
0.05

). Moreover, the improvement amplitude of BCVA (

p
=
0.020

) in the ODE group was significantly greater than that in the NODE group. There was no difference in BCVA between the ODE group (

0.13
±
0.19

) and the NODE group (

0.10
±
0.13

). The disc edema of all eyes (8/8 eyes, 100%) in the ODE group was completely mitigated after orbital decompression. The CRF resolution of 2 eyes (2/8 eyes, 25%) in the ODE group and no eyes in the NODE group was mitigated. Conclusions. Balanced orbital decompression can significantly improve visual functions and eliminate optic disc edema in DON patients, whether CRF relieves or not.
Evaluation of One- and Two-Step Impression Techniques and Vertical Marginal Misfit in Fixed Prothesis
Authors: Radfar Sina , Alikhasi Marzieh , Khorshidi Sotude , Tohidkhah Saba , Morvaridi Farimani Reza , Shahabi Sima
Published: February 2023

Objectives/Purposes. This study compared one-step and two-step impression techniques. Methods. 12 impressions were made of a resin maxillary model (second premolar and second molar) with two prepared abutment teeth using vinyl polysiloxane (VPS); the margin of the second premolar was 0.5 mm subgingivally; and the margin of the second molar tooth was at the level of the gingiva. Impressions were made using two techniques: one-step and two-step putty/light materials. A three-unit metal framework was fabricated on the master model using the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique. The vertical marginal misfit was evaluated in the buccal, lingual, and mesial and distal surfaces of the abutments on the gypsum casts using a light microscope. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test (α < 0.05). Results. The results showed significantly lower vertical marginal misfit in all six areas evaluated around the two abutments in the two-step impression technique compared with the corresponding values in the one-step technique. Conclusion. Vertical marginal misfit in the two-step technique with a preliminary putty impression was significantly lower than in the one-step putty/light-body technique.
Enhanced Parenteral Nutrition Is Feasible and Safe in Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Nagel Emily M. , Gonzalez V Juan David , Bye Jeffrey K. , Super Jennifer , Demerath Ellen W. , Ramel Sara E.
Published: February 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility and safety of enhanced early (PN) (early initiation of intralipids and faster advancement of glucose infusion rate) during the first week of life for very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants. Methods: 90 VLBW preterm infants (<32 weeks gestational age at birth) admitted to the University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital between August 2017 and June 2019 were included. Enrolled infants were stratified by gestational age-groups and randomized to either the enhanced nutrition protocol (intervention group) or the standard PN protocol (standard group). Welch’s two-sample t tests were used to investigate differences in calorie and protein intake, insulin use, days of hyperglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, and proportion of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and death between groups. Results: Intervention and standard groups were similar in baseline characteristics. The intervention group received higher weekly mean caloric intake (102.6 [SD 24.9] kcal/kg/day versus 89.7 [SD 30.2] kcal/kg/day; p = 0.001) and higher mean caloric intake on days of life 2–4 (p < 0.05 for all). Both groups received the recommended protein intake (≥4 g/kg/day). There were no significant differences in safety or feasibility outcomes between groups (all p values >0.12). Conclusion: Utilization of an enhanced nutrition protocol during the first week of life resulted in increased caloric intake and was feasible with no evidence of harm. Follow-up of this cohort is needed to determine if enhanced PN will result in improved growth and neurodevelopment.
Eine klinische Perspektive auf die Behandlung von chronischer myeloischer Leukämie in der chronischen Phase
Authors: García-Gutiérrez Valentin , Breccia Massimo , Jabbour Elias , Mauro Michael , Cortes Jorge E.
Published: February 2023

Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren (TKIs) haben die langfristigen Behandlungsergebnisse für Patienten mit chronischer myeloischer Leukämie (CML) erheblich verbessert. Nach Imatinib (einem TKI der ersten Generation) wurden TKIs der zweiten und dritten Generation entwickelt. Mit 5 TKIs, die auf BCR::ABL abzielen und in den meisten Ländern zugelassen sind (Imatinib, Dasatinib, Bosutinib, Nilotinib und Ponatinib), und der kürzlich erfolgten Zulassung von Asciminib in den USA sind die Behandlungsentscheidungen komplex und erfordern eine Bewertung patientenspezifischer Faktoren. Optimale Behandlungsstrategien für CML entwickeln sich weiter, wobei der Schwerpunkt verstärkt darauf liegt, ein tiefes molekulares Ansprechen zu erzielen. Anhand von klinisch relevanten Fallstudien, die von den Autoren dieses Reviews entwickelt wurden, diskutieren wir 3 Hauptszenarien aus der Perspektive internationaler Experten. Erstens untersucht dieser Übersichtsartikel patientenspezifische Merkmale, die die Entscheidungsfindung zwischen TKIs der ersten und zweiten Generation bei der Erstdiagnose von CML beeinflussen, einschließlich der Begleiterkrankungen des Patienten. Zweitens wird eine gründliche Bewertung der therapeutischen Optionen im Falle eines Versagens der Erstlinienbehandlung (wie in den Richtlinien des National Comprehensive Cancer Network und des European LeukemiaNet definiert) diskutiert, zusammen mit praktischen Erwägungen zur Überwachung des optimalen Ansprechens auf die TKI-Therapie. Drittens verdeutlicht diese Übersichtsarbeit die Erwägungen zum und die Bedeutung des Erreichen(s) einer behandlungsfreien Remission als Behandlungsziel. Aufgrund des Zeitpunkts der Erstellung befasst sich dieser Review auch mit den globalen Herausforderungen, denen Hämatologen bei der Behandlung von CML-Patienten während der COVID-19-Pandemie häufig gegenüberstehen. Da bei CML weiterhin neue Behandlungsansätze erforscht werden, erörtert diese Übersichtsarbeit schließlich auch das Aufkommen neuerer Therapien wie Asciminib. Dieser Artikel kann eine nützliche Referenz für Ärzte sein, die CML-Patienten mit TKI der zweiten Generation behandeln, und kann, da er sich auf die internationalen und persönlichen Erfahrungen der Ärzte konzentriert, einen Einblick in alternative, zuvor nicht in Betracht gezogene Ansätze geben.
Multiples Myelom: Korrelation zwischen minimaler Resterkrankung und progressionsfreiem Überleben
Authors: Hajiyianni Marina , Goldschmidt Hartmut
Published: February 2023

In patients with transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), daratumumab reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 44% in MAIA (daratumumab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone [D-Rd]) and 58% in ALCYONE (daratumumab/bortezomib/melphalan/prednisone [D-VMP]). Minimal residual disease (MRD) is a sensitive measure of disease and response to therapy. MRD-negativity status and durability were assessed in MAIA and ALCYONE. MRD assessments using next-generation sequencing (10-5) occurred for patients achieving complete response (CR) or better and after at least CR at 12, 18, 24, and 30 months from the first dose. Progression-free survival (PFS) by MRD status and sustained MRD negativity lasting ≥6 and ≥12 months were analyzed in the intent-to-treat population and among patients achieving at least CR. In MAIA (D-Rd, n = 368; lenalidomide and dexamethasone [Rd], n = 369) and ALCYONE (D-VMP, n = 350; bortezomib/melphalan/prednisone [VMP], n = 356), the median duration of follow-up was 36.4 and 40.1 months, respectively. MRD-negative status and sustained MRD negativity lasting ≥6 and ≥12 months were associated with improved PFS, regardless of treatment group. However, daratumumab-based therapy improved rates of MRD negativity lasting ≥6 months (D-Rd, 14.9% vs Rd, 4.3%; D-VMP, 15.7% vs VMP, 4.5%) and ≥12 months (D-Rd, 10.9% vs Rd, 2.4%; D-VMP, 14.0% vs VMP, 2.8%), both of which translated to improved PFS vs control groups. In a pooled analysis, patients who were MRD negative had improved PFS vs patients who were MRD positive. Patients with NDMM who achieved MRD-negative status or sustained MRD negativity had deep remission and improved clinical outcomes. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02252172 (MAIA) and #NCT02195479 (ALCYONE).