bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relative distribution of dark matter, gas, and stars around cosmic filaments in the IllustrisTNG simulation
Authors: Galárraga-Espinosa Daniela , Langer Mathieu , Aghanim Nabila
Published: March 2022

We present a comprehensive study of the distribution of matter around different populations of large-scale cosmic filaments, using the IllustrisTNG simulation atz = 0. We computed the dark matter (DM), gas, and stellar radial density profiles of filaments, and we characterise the distribution of the baryon fraction in these structures. We find that baryons exactly follow the underlying DM distribution only down tor ∼ 7 Mpc to the filament spines. At shorter distances (r < 7 Mpc), the baryon fraction profile of filaments departs from the cosmic value Ωb/Ωm. While in ther ∼ 0.7−7 Mpc radial domain this departure is due to the radial accretion of the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) towards the filament cores (creating an excess of baryons with respect to the cosmic fraction), the cores of filaments (r < 0.7 Mpc) show a clear baryon depletion instead. The analysis of the efficiency of active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback events in filaments reveals that they are potentially powerful enough to eject gas outside of the gravitational potential wells of filaments. We show that the large-scale environment (i.e. denser versus less dense, hotter versus colder regions) has a non-negligible effect on the absolute values of the DM, gas, and stellar densities around filaments. Nevertheless, the relative distribution of baryons with respect to the underlying DM density field is found to be independent of the filament population. Finally, we provide scaling relations between the gas density, temperature, and pressure for the different populations of cosmic filaments. We compare these relations to those pertaining to clusters of galaxies, and find that these cosmic structures occupy separate regions of the density-temperature and density-pressure planes.
Three new high-mass X-ray binaries in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Haberl F. , Maitra C. , Vasilopoulos G. , Maggi P. , Udalski A. , Monageng I. M. , Buckley D. A. H.
Published: March 2022

Context. The Magellanic Clouds host a large population of high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) systems, and although the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is an order of magnitude more massive than the Small Magellanic Cloud, there are significantly fewer known HMXBs in the former.

Aims. We conducted a search for new HMXBs in XMM-Newton observations that were performed with the aim of investigating supernova remnant candidates in the supergiant shells LMC5 and LMC7. The three observed fields are located in regions that have not been widely explored in the X-ray band.

Methods. We analysed the XMM-Newton data to look for sources with hard X-ray spectrum and their counterparts with optical colours and brightness values that are typical of HMXBs.

Results. We report the discovery of three new Be/X-ray binaries, two of them showing pulsations in their X-ray flux. With a luminosity of 6.5 × 1034 erg s−1, we see that XMMU J045315.1−693242 in LMC7 was relatively X-ray faint. The long-term OGLE I-band light curve of the V = 15.5 mag counterpart suggests a 49.6 day or 24.8 day orbital period for the binary system. Then, XMMU J045736.9−692727, which is also located in LMC7, was brighter, with a luminosity of 5.6 × 1035 erg s−1 and hard spectrum with a power-law photon index of 0.63. The X-ray flux revealed clear pulsations with a period of 317.7 s. We obtained optical high resolution spectra from the V = 14.2 mag counterpart using the SALT-HRS spectrograph. Hα and Hβ were observed in emission with complex line profiles and equivalent widths of −8.0 Å and −1.3 Å, respectively. The I-band light curve obtained from OGLE shows a series of four strong outbursts followed by a sudden drop in brightness by more than 1 mag within 73–165 days and a recovery to the level from before the outbursts. RX J0524.2−6620, previously classified as X-ray binary candidate, is located at the eastern part of LMC5. We report the discovery of 360.7 s pulsations. During the XMM-Newton observation the luminosity was at ∼4 × 1035 erg s−1 and the source showed a hard spectrum with a power-law photon index of 0.78. The Hα emission line profile obtained from SALT-HRS is characterised by two broad peaks with a separation corresponding to ∼178 km s−1, along with an equivalent width of −4.2 Å. The long-term OGLE I-band light curve of the V = 14.9 mag counterpart reveals a quasi-periodic flaring activity while the colour evolution during the flares follows a hysteresis loop with redder colour during the rise. Based on the modelling the Hα line profiles measured from XMMU J045736.9−692727 and RX J0524.2−6620, we derived constraints on the size of the Be disks.

Conclusions. Our discovery of two pulsars among three new Be/X-ray binaries increases the number of known HMXB pulsars in the LMC to 25.
How IoT and Artificial Intelligence can improve energy efficiency in hospitals - a North Italian case study
Authors: Frassanito Riccardo , Buso Tiziana , Aumann Stephanie , Toniolo Jacopo , Albrici Paolo , Canevari Pietro , Iemmi Matteo , Mapelli Francesca
Published: March 2022

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare facilities have experienced pressure of increasing occupancy rates and more demanding Indoor Air Quality requirements in recent months. In this context, the efficient management of the HVAC system in these buildings has become a crucial topic to address. The retrofit project was the result of the joint effort of a digital solution provider, Enerbrain, and the Hospital’s energy services provider, Edison. By exploiting IoT and ICT technologies and cloud-based machine learning algorithms, the HVAC-related control features of the main heating and ventilation systems of the hospital have been upgraded with no major modifications to the existing setup. The implemented solution allows energy managers to remotely verify the real-time indoor comfort conditions and to control the upgraded systems, which, thanks to the machine learning adaptive algorithms, are now effectively meeting the required set-points through advanced optimization strategies. This paper presents the implementation of a retrofit measure applied to the HVAC Building Management System of a big public hospital in Lombardy and the energy savings achieved in the 2020-2021 heating season.
Benefits of a hygienic, efficient and smart solution for ventilation systems in the era of the “New Normal”
Authors: Pagan Andrea , Simonetti Raul
Published: March 2022

Ventilation with external air is one of the most effective strategies to eliminate pathogens from indoor environments. The Air Handling Unit (AHU) is the heart of the ventilation system in commercial buildings and it is designed to achieve this goal. The guidelines for the reduction of the risk of spreading the Sars-CoV2-19 virus have introduced new operating criteria for ventilation systems, which counterbalance a better healthiness of the air in rooms with a higher energy consumption. Unfortunately, there is no standardized and shared approach to date for the designer to use as a starting point to balance these two different needs. Therefore, engineers should be aware of and pay a greater attention to the identification of practical and effective design solutions. This document proposes a technological solution for AHUs based on three key principles: Hygiene, Energy Saving and Digitization. We propose a complete and integrated architecture for the recovery of energy, humidification, system control and continuous monitoring of operating conditions, capable of ensuring health and safety, on the one hand, in compliance with the main guidelines, such as VDI 6022, and of increasing the overall efficiency of the equipment, on the other hand. The analysis compares this innovative solution with several conventional functional schemes or with systems otherwise linked to the new requirements emerged with the pandemic, and shows the resulting economic benefits, even for different climate conditions. The result shows how the selection of integrated systems for the control of ventilation, energy recovery and humidification is a winning solution that ensures healthy environments, while simultaneously reducing operating costs
Human behaviours: new paradigms of energy efficiency. Communication tools to deliver a technical message to non-experts
Authors: Gaglioppa Benedetta , Tabone Federica
Published: March 2022

In the application of new technologies and incentive model, the complexity of the decision-making process requires new attention. Human behaviour increasingly influences the success of the implementation of technologies for energy saving and comfort, from the decision-making phase to the use of the building, including operation and maintenance activities. A new approach can help people understand, participate, be involved, and maximize the results of a complex operation that directly involves them. Communication and the development of behaviour change programs have many advantages: they are savings measures with an excellent cost-benefit ratio, which can trigger virtuous behaviours thanks to access to emotions that move the limbic part of the human brain, such as fear failure, the desire to excel or immediate success, the promise of a reward, etc. This paper provides an overview of the concepts and behavioural change initiatives that can be most effective in saving energy. A brief on effective communication will be provided, then the project of an awareness campaign in condominiums will be described, followed by a focus on the tool of graphic recording and graphic facilitation that can be used effectively to arise people awareness and conduct an audience to take decision. The paper itself will be presented as an application of this and will use the graphic recording technique to help conference participants to follow and remember the concepts. In a liquid society, soft skills and technical skills are both fundamental and this awareness is only the beginning of a new approach to conduct complex projects with satisfying results for all stakeholders.
Model and simulation of multi-functional variable refrigerant flow systems in EnergyPlus
Authors: Muñoz de la Peña Maria , Molinaroli Luca , Torregrosa Barbara , Paya Gaspar
Published: March 2022

The multi-functional variable refrigerant flow (MFVRF) system is a promising solution to meet the UE objective that all new buildings shall be nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEBs). In particular, it is a high-efficiency system able to supply space cooling, space heating and domestic hot water (DHW) production simultaneously in different zones allowing also for waste heat recovery. The aim of this work is to implement a novel dynamic model of the MFVRF in EnergyPlus 9.4 in order to assess its final energy consumption and to account for the heat recovered when working in cooling mode to be used for DHW production. The developed model is employed to compare the performance of a MFVRF system in a multifamily residential building of 858 m2 with that of a conventional solution. The simulations are performed for two different climate conditions in Spain and two different DHW consumption temperatures. The results show significant energy savings achieved with the MFVRF system and DHW being consumed at 60 ºC for both Madrid (63.82%) and Seville (51.8%). Additionally, energy savings were even further enhanced for DHW being consumed at 45 ºC for Madrid (73.69%) and for Seville (70.71%). It is concluded that part of the annual DHW energy demand is covered by heat recovery for Madrid (4.96%) and Seville (5.69%) at a DHW consumption temperature of 60 ºC and for Madrid (6.42%) and Seville (8.96%) at a DHW consumption temperature of 45 ºC.
Intra-socket application of Hyaluronic acid reduces pain and swelling following wisdom teeth removal
Authors: Sultana Shuborna Nadia , Khoo Lee Kian , Bhattarai Bishwa Prakash , Chaiyasamut Teeranut , Kiattavorncharoen Sirichai , Pairuchvej Verasak , Wongsirichat Natthamet
Published: March 2022

Background:Hyaluronic acid (HA) has the potential to promote wound healing. Pain and swelling with trismus are common sequalae post wisdom teeth removal. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of intra-socket HA solution to reduce these uncomfortable post-operative events.Materials and methods:30 patients underwent bilateral extractions of mandibular wisdom teeth for this study. Intra-socket application of 0.7 ml 20 mg/2 ml HA solution (Hyalgun) with Gel foam as a scaffold in study site versus Gel foam only on control site was conducted via a split mouth study design. Data collection of five facial reference points for swelling and maximum mouth opening was recorded during the pre-operative period and post-operative 2nd and 7th day. The VAS pain score at post-op 1st, 2nd and 3rd day and the number of analgesics for the 7-day post-operative duration were evaluated.Results:The HA group demonstrated statistically significant less swelling, trismus and analgesia consumption on the 2 and 7 days after surgery. VAS scores on day 1, 2 and 3 after surgery (P = 0.05) were significantly less in the HA group compared to the control group.Conclusion:The application of intra-socket HA has a positive effect for reducing postoperative pain and swelling with trismus after the lower third molar intervention (LTMI).
Optimization of preheating temperature for TiB2 reinforcement on the preparation of stir cast LM4 + TiB2 composites and effect of artificial aging on hardness improvement using ANOVA
Authors: Srinivas Doddapaneni , Gowrishankar Mandya Chennegowda , Sharma Sathyashankara , Hegde Ananda , Gurumurthy Bethur Markunti , Deepak Doreswamy
Published: March 2022

This work emphasizes the optimization of preheating temperature of TiB2 reinforcement powder with LM4 composites, and statistical analysis for predicting hardness improvement during aging treatment using ANOVA, are illustrated in this article. A two-stage stir casting procedure was used to fabricate LM4 + TiB2 (1, 2 and 3 wt.%) composites. The impact of preheating TiB2 reinforcement powder at various temperatures such as 600, 500, 450, 350 and 250 °C, to attain uniform distribution of reinforcements in the matrix was studied. Optical microstructure analysis clearly shows that the optimum preheating temperature of TiB2 powder for effective preparation of composites is 350 °C for 30 min without agglomeration of reinforcement particles. After successful preparation of composites, the as-cast samples were subjected to single-stage and multistage solutionizing treatments and then artificially aged at 100 and 200 °C to obtain peak hardness. Micro Vickers Hardness test was done to calculate the hardness of both age hardened LM4 alloy and its composites and results were analyzed. An increase in wt.% of TiB2 (1–3%), the hardness of composites increased, and multistage solutionizing treatment followed by artificial aging at 100 °C was proven to achieve the highest peak hardness value for LM4 + 3 wt.% TiB2 composites. Compared to as-cast LM4 alloy, 80–150% increase in hardness was observed when aged at 100 °C and 65–120% increase in hardness was observed at 200 °C during SSHT and MSHT, respectively. ANOVA was performed with wt.%, solutionizing type, aging temperatures as factors, and peak hardness as the outcome. From the results, it can confirm that all three factors contributed effectively for achieving the peak hardness. R2 value validates that the factors account for 100% of the variance in the hardness results.
Mehr Sexuelle Bildung wagen!
Authors: Henningsen Anja
Published: March 2022

In diesem Beitrag wird begründet, warum mit dem Begriff der Sexuellen Bildung einige Begrenzungen überwunden werden können, die in einer ausschließlichen Betrachtung von Sexualerziehung bestehen. Sexuelle Bildung, so wird argumentiert, schafft neue Anschlüsse an die aktuellen Debatten in den Erziehungswissenschaften. Zentrales Anliegen dieses Beitrags ist es, Sexuelle Bildung weiterhin und differenzierter zu diskutieren. Gleichzeitig bedeutet dies keine Abkehr von der Sexualerziehung, sondern vielmehr ihre historischen Wurzeln sowie Intentionen nach wie vor kritisch-reflexiv zu durchleuchten.
Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Regioselective C–H Alkenylation of 2,2′-Bipyridine Derivatives with Alkynes
Authors: Cheng Guolin , Yu Jia , Wen Si , Tian Qingyu , Chen Yanhui
Published: March 2022

In this work, a Rh(I)-catalyzed C3-alkenylation of 2,2′-bipyri­dine-6-carboxamide with terminal and internal alkynes was developed, providing an efficient access to a broad range of alkenylated 2,2′-bipyridine derivatives with exclusive regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. Deuterium labeling experiments indicate that an irreversible rollover C–H activation process is involved in this reaction.
Microbiology of bile aspirates obtained at ERCP in patients with suspected acute cholangitis
Authors: Gromski Mark A. , Gutta Aditya , Lehman Glen A. , Tong Yan , Fogel Evan L. , Watkins James L. , Easler Jeffrey J. , Bick Benjamin L. , McHenry Lee , Beeler Cole , Relich Ryan F. , Schmitt Bryan H. , Sherman Stuart
Published: March 2022

Background The cornerstone of treatment for acute cholangitis is source control with biliary drainage and early antibiotics. The primary aim of this study was to describe the microbiology of bile aspirate pathogens obtained at the time of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients suspected of having acute cholangitis.

Methods In this single-center retrospective study, patients were included if a bile aspirate was collected at ERCP for suspicion of acute cholangitis, from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2016.

Results There were 721 ERCP procedures for suspected acute cholangitis with bile culture results, with 662 positive bile cultures (91.8 %). Pathogens included: Enterococcus species (spp.) 448 (67.7 %); Klebsiella spp. 295 (44.6 %); Escherichia coli 269 (40.6 %); Pseudomonas spp. 52 (7.9 %); and anaerobes 64 (9.7 %). Susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli isolates to ciprofloxacin was 88 % and 64 %, respectively. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenem resistance were found in 7.9 % and 3.6 % of Enterobacteriaceae, respectively. There were 437 concurrent blood cultures, of which 174 were positive (39.8 % of cultures drawn). Prior biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) was evident in 459 ERCP cases (63.7 %), and was associated with increased frequency of Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., and Enterococcus spp. Prior biliary ES significantly increased the probability of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE).

Conclusions The vast majority of bile cultures (91.8 %) were positive. The susceptibilities of E.coli and K.pneumoniae to ciprofloxacin are lower than historically noted. A notable portion of cultures contained pathogenic drug-resistant organisms. Prior biliary ES is associated with a higher frequency of certain organisms and higher frequency of VRE.
Catalytic Kinetic Resolution and Desymmetrization of Amines
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Liu Wei , Wang Donglei , Zhang Dekun
Published: March 2022

Optically active amines represent critically important subunits in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals, as well as key scaffolds in chiral catalysts and ligands. Kinetic resolution of racemic amines and enantioselective desymmetrization of prochiral amines have proved to be efficient methods to access enantioenriched amines, especially when the racemic or prochiral amines were easy to prepare while the chiral ones are difficult to be accessed directly. In this Account, we systematically summarized the development of kinetic resolution and desymmetrization of amines through nonenzymatic asymmetric catalytic approaches in the last two decades.

1 Introduction

2 Kinetic Resolution of Amines

2.1 Kinetic Resolution of Amines via Asymmetric Transformations of the Amino Group

2.1.1 Asymmetric N-Acylations

2.1.2 Asymmetric N-Alkylation

2.1.3 Asymmetric N-Arylation

2.1.4 Other Asymmetric N-Functionalizations

2.1.5 Asymmetric Dehydrogenation of Amines

2.1.6 Selective C–N Bond Cleavage of Amines

2.2 Kinetic Resolution of Amines via Asymmetric Transformations without Amino Group Participating

3 Enantioselective Desymmetrization of Amines

3.1 Desymmetrization of Diamines

3.2 Desymmetrization of Prochiral Monoamines

4 Conclusion and Outlooks
Comparison of Velocity and Percentage-based Training on Maximal
Strength: Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Mingyang , Tan Qiang , Sun Jian , Ding Shicong , Yang Qun , Zhang Zhiyong , Lu Junbing , Liang Xingyue , Li Duanying
Published: March 2022

The purpose was to analyze the comparison of velocity-based resistance training
and one-repetition maximum (%1RM) percentage-based training in maximal
strength improvement by meta-analyzing and to find the reasons for the
controversial findings of different studies. Ten studies were included in the
systematic review and seven were subjected to meta-analysis. A total of 139
subjects were selected from the included articles after exclusion, including
athletes of different specialties (N=93) and non-athletes mainly from
fitness groups (N=46). The overall effect size was SMD=0.26
(95%CL 0.03 to 0.49, P=0.03, I²=0). As for the
comparison of the analysis of different intervention objects as subgroups, the
effect size of athletes as the subgroup was 0.35 (95%CI 0.06 to 0.64,
p=0.02, I²=0), indicating that in the RCT with athletes
as the intervention target, the effect of VBRT in improving the maximal strength
was significantly different from that of PBT. Velocity-based resistance training
might be more effective than percentage-based training in maximal strength
improvement, in which velocity-based resistance training is more suitable for
athletes in season, while percentage-based training is more suitable for the
general sports population. More high-quality researches should deal with the
effect of other athletic performance with velocity-based resistance training in
the future.
Bioglass: A New Era in Modern Dentistry
Authors: Singh Shruti , Patil Amit , Mali Sheetal , Jaiswal Himmat
Published: March 2022

The function of biomaterials has been to replace infected or injured tissues. The first used biomaterials were bioinert, thus minimizing formation of scar tissue at the interface with host tissues. Bioglass was discovered in 1969. Larry Hench developed Bioglass 45S5, which was the earliest synthetic substance that was bonded chemically with bone. In recent researches it has appeared that Bioglass bonds with bone more readily than other bioceramics; it also indicated that the osteogenic properties are due to stimulation of osteoprogenitor cells by the dissolution products formed from Bioglass. Bioglass is chemically calcium sodium phosphosilicate, which is capable of forming an active chemical bond with the tissues. Bioglass is particularly biocompatible which, when placed in body cavity or on reacting with body stimulating factors, induces hydroxyapatite formation. This paper reviews Bioglass as a material of modern dentistry and its various applications in modern dentistry. It also discusses its composition, methods of preparation, and mechanism of action, along with its advantages and disadvantages.
Association between Fecal Incontinence and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and their Impact on the Quality of Life of Patients with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Azevedo Natália Burgos Freire , Abreu Glícia Estevam de
Published: March 2022

Objective To evaluate the association of fecal incontinence (FI) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients diagnosed with initial prostate cancer (PC) and after any therapeutic approach (surgery and radiotherapy).

Methods Cross-sectional study using the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score (CCIS), the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life (FIQL) questionnaire, and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder (ICIQ-OAB).

Results A total of 84 patients with PC were included: 40 of them had not started treatment, 31 were submitted to radical prostatectomy (RP), and 13 were submitted to radiotherapy (RT). Those submitted to RT presented higher scores on the ICIQ-OAB (p = 0.01). When comparing the whole sample reagarding the patients with and without FI, we observed that the incontinents presented a higher frequency of urinary incontinence (UI) (p < 0.001). Moreover, when comparing patients with/without FI within their treatment groups regarding the presence of UI and FIQL scores, we identified that patients undergoing RP presented an association between UI and FI (p < 0.001) and a greater impact of FI on the FIQL (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Patients submitted to RT present more intense LUTS. Moreover, patients with FI present a higher association with UI, and this association is more marked in those with FI submitted to RP.
Incidence of Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch in Valve-in-Valve with a Supra-Annular Valve
Authors: Alwan Louhai , Ruge Hendrik , Krane Markus , Prinzing Anatol , Noebauer Christian , Lange Rüdiger , Erlebach Magdalena
Published: March 2022

Background Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for a degenerated surgical bioprosthesis (valve-in-valve [ViV]) has become an established procedure. Elevated gradients and patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) have previously been reported in mixed TAVR cohorts. We analyzed our single-center experience using the third-generation self-expanding Medtronic Evolut R prosthesis, with an emphasis on the incidence and outcomes of PPM.

Methods This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from our TAVR database. Intraprocedural and intrahospital outcomes are reported.

Results Eighty-six patients underwent ViV-TAVR with the Evolut R prosthesis. Mean age was 75.5 ± 9.5 years, 64% were males. The mean log EuroScore was 21.6 ± 15.7%. The mean time between initial surgical valve implantation and ViV-TAVR was 8.8 ± 3.2 years. The mean true internal diameter of the implanted surgical valves was 20.9 ± 2.2 mm. Post-AVR, 60% had no PPM, 34% had moderate PPM, and 6% had severe PPM. After ViV-TAVR, 33% had no PPM, 29% had moderate, and 39% had severe PPM. After implantation, the mean transvalvular gradient was reduced significantly from 36.4 ± 15.2 to 15.5 ± 9.1 mm Hg (p < 0.001). No patient had more than mild aortic regurgitation after ViV-TAVR. No conversion to surgery was necessary. Estimated Kaplan–Meier survival at 1 year for all patients was 87.4%. One-year survival showed no significant difference according to post-ViV PPM groups (p = 0.356).

Conclusion ViV-TAVR using a supra-annular valve resulted in low procedural and in-hospital complication rates. However, moderate or severe PPM was common, with no influence on short-term survival. PPM may not be a suitable factor to predict survival after ViV-TAVR.
Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination in India after the First Phase-Out: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Study
Authors: Shukla Neetu , Agarwal Monika , Khanna Anish , Shukla Amritesh Chandra , Varghese Anila
Published: March 2022

Background

India rolled out the world's largest vaccination program on January 16, 2021, marking the beginning of an effort to vaccinate a population of 1.3 billion against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. However, the hesitancy toward safe and effective vaccine against severe infection is a major global health threat. Hence, public acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine would be an essential deterrent to the pandemic control.

Materials and Methods

A cross-sectional online study was conducted among the Indians from January 1 to January 31, 2021. The online questionnaire addressed several variables, including the sociodemographic parameters, COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, and concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccine.

Results

Out of total 450 participants, majority of them (97.1) were aware about the COVID-19 vaccination drive. Only 66.2% showed their willingness to accept vaccination, 26.0% were still indecisive, and 7.8% did not want to accept it.

Conclusion

Despite numerous efforts by various scientific organizations, public health experts, and media outlets, to educate the general population about the COVID-19 vaccine, significant portion of the Indian population may experience vaccine hesitancy, which poses dangers to both the individual and their community. Therefore, we must target these potential candidates, who are indecisive, for intervention to increase vaccine acceptance across the country. In this regard, large-scale study is required to understand the knowledge, expectation, and apprehension covering various economic and occupational strata of the society.
Time-Based Learning Curve for Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Chen Zhongming , Bhowmik-Stoker Manoshi , Palmer Matthew , Coppolecchia Andrea , Harder Benjamin , Mont Michael A. , Marchand Robert C.
Published: March 2022

Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA-TKA) has been shown to improve the accuracy of bone resection, reduce radiographic outliers, and decrease iatrogenic injury. However, it has also been shown that RA-TKA surgical times can be longer than manual surgery during adoption. The purpose of this article was to investigate (1) the characteristics of the operative time curves and trends, noting the amount of surgeons who improved, for those who performed at least 12 cases (based on initial modeling); (2) the proportion of RA surgeons who achieved the same operative times for RA-TKA as compared with manual TKAs; and (3) the number of RA-TKA cases until a steady-state operative time was achieved. TKA operative times were collected from 30 hospitals for 146 surgeons between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019. A hierarchical Bayesian model was used to estimate the difference between the mean RA-TKA times by case interval and the weighted baseline for manual times. The learning curve was observed at the 12th case. Therefore, operative times were analyzed for each surgeon who performed at least 12 RA-TKA cases to determine the percentage of these surgeons who trended toward a decrease or increase in their times. These surgeons were further analyzed to determine the proportion who achieved the same operating times as manual TKAs. A further hierarchical Bayesian model was used to determine when these surgeons achieved steady-state operative times. There were 60 surgeons (82%) who had decreasing surgical times over the first 12 RA-TKA cases. The remaining 13 (18%) had increasing surgical times (mean increase of 0.59 minutes/case). Approximately two-thirds of the surgeons (64%) achieved the same operating times as manual cases. The steady-state time neutrality occurred between 15 and 20 cases and beyond. This study demonstrated the learning curve for a large cohort of RA-TKAs. This model demonstrated a learning curve between 15 and 20 cases and beyond. These are important findings for this innovative technology.
How South Korean Internet users experienced the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic: discourse on Instagram
Authors: Kim Seoyoung , Lim Hyun-Woo , Chung Shin-Young
Published: March 2022

This study explores how South Korean individuals managed the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in their daily lives during a time of continuous and sustained social distancing using 8241 Instagram posts from May 6 to June 16, 2020. Co-word analysis found two main theme clusters highlighting individuals’ endeavors in daily life management and their fear of COVID-19 infection. DMR topic modeling analysis resulted in five higher-order themes, each reflecting different aspects of people’s COVID-19 experiences. Overall, the results shed light on individuals’ resilience in managing their daily lives despite the fear and discomfort caused by the pandemic. Results also highlight the possibility that the discursive practices of Social Network Services (SNS) reinforce hatred against social minorities and frame otherizing COVID-19 patients as legitimate. The present study suggests the need for a range of social support to help individuals and communities during the prolonged pandemic, including a long-term, large-scale psychological quarantine system. Deliberate social measures also need to be taken to promote the process of social sharing through media texts and SNS to resist hateful frames and othering of social minorities. Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are provided.
Clarifying the surface dynamics of glass
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: March 2022

Highly mobile glass surface could improve materials design for pharmaceuticals, optical fibers, metallic alloys, and nanoscale devices.
Efficient sharing of quantum entanglement between distant nodes
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: March 2022

Simulating quantum network performance as a function of hardware component characteristics.
Mist chemical vapor deposition of Al1−xTixOy thin films and their application to a high dielectric material
Authors: Rajib Arifuzzaman , Kuddus Abdul , Yokoyama Kojun , Shida Tomohiro , Ueno Keiji , Shirai Hajime
Published: March 2022

We investigated the synthesis of amorphous aluminum titanium oxide Al1−xTixOy thin films from a Al(acac)3 and Ti(acac)4 mixture using CH3OH/H2O as a solvent through mist chemical vapor deposition (mist-CVD) for application as a high dielectric material. The Ti composition ratio x in the Al1−xTixOy thin films depends on the Al(acac)3 and Ti(acac)4 mixing ratios and CH3OH/H2O volume ratio. A bandgap energy of Al1−xTixOy films was decreased from 6.38 to 4.25 eV and the surface roughness also decreased when the Ti composition ratio was increased from 0 to 0.54. The capacitance–voltage plot revealed that the dielectric constant of Al1−xTixOy thin films increased from 6.23 to 25.12. Consequently, Al1−xTixOy thin films with a bandgap energy of 5.12 eV and a dielectric constant of 13.8 were obtained by adjusting the ratio x of 0.26. This Al0.74Ti0.26Oy layer was applied as a gate dielectric layer for metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) using a mechanically exfoliated two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC), MoSe2, and As-doped WSe2 flakes as a channel layer. The MoSe2-based MOSFETs with source/drain gold electrodes exhibit n-channel behavior with a field-effect mobility of 85 cm2/(V s), a threshold voltage of 0.92 V. On the other hand, an on/off ratio of ∼106. As-doped WSe2-based MOSFETs with source/drain platinum electrodes also showed an ambipolar behavior, which was applied for use in logic applications. These findings suggest that Al0.74Ti0.26Oy by mist-CVD is promising as a high-k material for TMDC-based MOSFETs.
High operating temperature plasmonic infrared detectors
Authors: Nordin L. , Muhowski A. J. , Wasserman D.
Published: March 2022

III–V semiconductor type-II superlattices (T2SLs) are a promising material system with the potential to significantly reduce the dark current of, and thus realize high-performance in, infrared photodetectors at elevated temperatures. However, T2SLs have struggled to meet the performance metrics set by the long-standing infrared detector material of choice, HgCdTe. Recently, epitaxial plasmonic detector architectures have demonstrated T2SL detector performance comparable to HgCdTe in the 77–195 K temperature range. Here, we demonstrate a high operating temperature plasmonic T2SL detector architecture with high-performance operation at temperatures accessible with two-stage thermoelectric coolers. Specifically, we demonstrate long-wave infrared plasmonic detectors operating at temperatures as high as 230 K while maintaining dark currents below the “Rule 07” heuristic. At a detector operating temperature of 230 K, we realize 22.8% external quantum efficiency in a detector absorber only 372 nm thick (∼λ0/25) with a peak specific detectivity of 2.29 × 109 cm Hz1∕2 W−1 at 9.6 μm, well above commercial detectors at the same operating temperature.
Hydrogen incorporation into amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin-film transistors
Authors: Mattson George W. , Vogt Kyle T. , Wager John F. , Graham Matt W.
Published: March 2022

An experimental study is conducted in which the subgap trap density of states (DoS) is measured by ultrabroadband photoconduction (UBPC) to examine hydrogen incorporation into the channel layer of top-gate amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). UBPC reveals that hydrogen incorporation leads to the creation of a spectrally broad (∼0.3 eV FWHM) distribution of electronic states in the bandgap centered at 0.4 eV above the valence band mobility edge and to an increase in valence band tail state density. Concomitantly, drain current–gate voltage transfer curves demonstrate that hydrogen incorporation results in a negative shift in the turn-on voltage. Quantitatively, electronic state densities estimated by UBPC and the turn-on voltage shift are identical. These experimental findings imply that hydrogen acts as a donor in a-IGZO, but that its donor ionization energy is extraordinarily large, i.e., ∼2.8 eV, inconsistent with that of a normal donor. It is proposed that this anomalous donor behavior is a consequence of the negative-U property of hydrogen in a-IGZO in which hydrogen ionization precedes its incorporation into the lattice network.
Global existence of ideal invicid compressible and heat-conductive fluids with radial symmetry
Authors: Lu Peng , Zhou Yi
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we study the global existence of classical solutions to the three-dimensional ideal invicid compressible and heat conductive fluids with radial symmetrical data in Hs(R3). Our proof is based on the symmetric hyperbolic structure of the system.
Terahertz electron paramagnetic resonance generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry: The magnetic response of the nitrogen defect in 4H-SiC
Authors: Schubert Mathias , Knight Sean , Richter Steffen , Kühne Philipp , Stanishev Vallery , Ruder Alexander , Stokey Megan , Korlacki Rafał , Irmscher Klaus , Neugebauer Petr , Darakchieva Vanya
Published: March 2022

We report on terahertz (THz) electron paramagnetic resonance generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry (THz-EPR-GSE). Measurements of field and frequency dependencies of magnetic response due to spin transitions associated with nitrogen defects in 4H-SiC are shown as an example. THz-EPR-GSE dispenses with the need of a cavity, permits independently scanning field and frequency parameters, and does not require field or frequency modulation. We investigate spin transitions of hexagonal (h) and cubic (k) coordinated nitrogen including coupling with its nuclear spin (I = 1), and we propose a model approach for the magnetic susceptibility to account for the spin transitions. From the THz-EPR-GSE measurements, we can fully determine polarization properties of the spin transitions, and we can obtain the k coordinated nitrogen g and hyperfine splitting parameters using magnetic field and frequency dependent Lorentzian oscillator line shape functions. Magnetic-field line broadening presently obscures access to h parameters. We show that measurements of THz-EPR-GSE at positive and negative fields differ fundamentally and hence provide additional information. We propose frequency-scanning THz-EPR-GSE as a versatile method to study properties of spins in solid state materials.
High-fidelity sub-Nyquist ghost imaging with tri-directional probing
Authors: Xu Wanting , Chen Hui , Yuan Yuan , Luo Sheng , Zheng Huaibin , Yan Xiangan
Published: March 2022

Ghost imaging is an unconventional imaging method, which has invoked many applications in various fields. However, it is still a major challenge to achieve high-fidelity high-resolution images at a sub-Nyquist sampling rate. Here, we present a ghost imaging method that illuminates an object with three directional Tetris-like patterns, which can greatly trade off the contradiction between the high resolution and high detection signal-to-noise ratio. As the projected patterns gradually shrink during the detection, the image is also gradually recovered from low to high resolution. In addition, this method can recover complex chromatic objects without any compromising image quality by adaptively abandoning unnecessary patterns at sampling rates well below the Nyquist limit. Meanwhile, the dynamic probing scheme has an excellent noise-removal capability. The simulation and experiment demonstrate that the sampling rate to recover a high-fidelity image is only 10.7% for a scene of a 9.7% duty cycle. For a very noisy scene whose peak signal–noise rate (PSNR) is 10.18 dB [the structural similarity index (SSIM) is 0.068], this scheme increases the PSNR to 18.63 dB [structural similarity index (SSIM) to 0.73]. Therefore, the proposed method may be useful for ghost imaging in the low sampling rate regime or complex chromatic objects reconstruction.
Variable temperature probing of minority carrier transport and optical properties in p-Ga2O3
Authors: Modak Sushrut , Chernyak Leonid , Schulte Alfons , Sartel Corinne , Sallet Vincent , Dumont Yves , Chikoidze Ekaterine , Xia Xinyi , Ren Fan , Pearton Stephen J. , Ruzin Arie , Zhigunov Denis M. , Kosolobov Sergey S. , Drachev Vladimir P.
Published: March 2022

Electron beam-induced current in the temperature range from 304 to 404 K was employed to measure the minority carrier diffusion length in metal–organic chemical vapor deposition-grown p-Ga2O3 thin films with two different concentrations of majority carriers. The diffusion length of electrons exhibited a decrease with increasing temperature. In addition, the cathodoluminescence emission spectrum identified optical signatures of the acceptor levels associated with the VGa−–VO++ complex. The activation energies for the diffusion length decrease and quenching of cathodoluminescence emission with increasing temperature were ascribed to the thermal de-trapping of electrons from VGa−–VO++ defect complexes.
Electronic band structure and magnetism of CoFeV0.5Mn0.5Si
Authors: Kharel Parashu , Baker Gavin , Flesche Matthew , Ramker Adam , Moua Young , Valloppilly Shah , Shand Paul M. , Lukashev Pavel V.
Published: March 2022

Half-metallic Heusler alloys have attracted significant attention due to their potential application in spin-transport-based devices. We have synthesized one such alloy, CoFeV0.5Mn0.5Si, using arc melting and high-vacuum annealing at 600 °C for 24 hours. First principles calculation indicates that CoFeV0.5Mn0.5Si shows a nearly half-metallic band structure with a degree of spin polarization of about 93%. In addition, this value can be enhanced by the application of tensile strain. The room temperature x-ray diffraction patterns are indexed with the cubic crystal structure without secondary phases. The annealed sample shows ferromagnetic order with the Curie temperature well above room temperature (Tc = 657 K) and a saturation magnetization of about 92 emu/g. Our results indicate that CoFeV0.5Mn0.5Si has a potential for room temperature spin-transport-based devices.
Synthesis and reactivity of a β-diketiminate Sm
Authors: van Velzen Niels J. C. , Harder Sjoerd
Published: March 2022

Attempts to stabilise a TmII metal centre with the bulky β-diketiminate ligand HC[C(Me)=N(DIPP)]2 (BDI) failed (DIPP, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl). Reaction of TmI2 and 2 equiv. (BDI)K gave the TmIII complex (BDI)(BDI-H)Tm (1) in which (BDI-H)2− is a doubly deprotonated ligand. However, following the same route, (BDI)2Sm (2) was isolated in 48% crystalline yield. Complex 2 is highly soluble in aromatic solvents or alkanes and was reacted with various reagents like phenazine, PhSSPh, O2, NO, cuminil and fluorenone. This led to isolation and structural characterisation of the following SmIII complexes: [(BDI)2Sm]2(μ-phenazine) (3), [(BDI)Sm(SPh)(μ-SPh)]2 (4), (BDI)(BDI-H)Sm (5a), (BDI)2Sm(OC13H8) (6) and (BDI)2Sm(NO2) (7). The rich redox reactivity of (BDI)2Sm (2) and its very high solubility in apolar solvents like hexane make it an attractive reducing agent in synthesis.
Eliminating unintended bias in personalized policies using bias-eliminating adapted trees (BEAT)
Authors: Ascarza Eva , Israeli Ayelet
Published: March 2022

Significance

Decision makers now use algorithmic personalization for resource allocation decisions in many domains (e.g., medical treatments, hiring decisions, product recommendations, or dynamic pricing). An inherent risk of personalization is disproportionate targeting of individuals from certain protected groups. Existing solutions that firms use to avoid this bias often do not eliminate the bias and may even exacerbate it. We propose BEAT (bias-eliminating adapted trees) to ensure balanced allocation of resources across individuals—guaranteeing both group and individual fairness—while still leveraging the value of personalization. We validate our method using simulations as well as an online experiment with
N
= 3,146 participants. BEAT is easy to implement in practice, has desirable scalability properties, and is applicable to many personalization problems.
Resolving the subtle details of human DNA alkyltransferase lesion search and repair mechanism by single-molecule studies
Authors: Kono Sarah , van den Berg Aafke , Simonetta Marco , Mukhortava Ann , Garman Elspeth F. , Tessmer Ingrid
Published: March 2022

Significance

We directly visualize DNA translocation and lesion recognition by the O
6
-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). Our data show bidirectional movement of AGT monomers and clusters on undamaged DNA that depended on Zn
2+
occupancy of AGT. A role of cooperative AGT clusters in enhancing lesion search efficiencies by AGT has previously been proposed. Surprisingly, our data show no enhancement of DNA translocation speed by AGT cluster formation, suggesting that AGT clusters may serve a different role in AGT function. Our data support preferential cluster formation by AGT at alkyl lesions, suggesting a role of these clusters in stabilizing lesion-bound complexes. From our data, we derive a new model for the lesion search and repair mechanism of AGT.
Characterising an MEP’s argumentative style
Authors: van Eemeren Frans H.
Published: March 2022

There is much more to argumentative style than just the well-known presentational (“linguistic”) dimension. Equally important dimensions of the argumentative styles utilised in resolving a difference of opinion are the topical dimension of the selection of the standpoints, starting points, arguments and concluding statements put forward in the discourse and the dimension of the adaptations to the presumed demand of the audience that is to be convinced. In argumentative discourse these three dimensions of argumentative style manifest themselves together in the argumentative moves that are made, the argumentative routes that are chosen and the strategic considerations that are brought to bear. Starting from this perspective, it is shown in this article how the argumentative style can be identified that was utilised by a Member of the European Parliament in a plenary debate on labelling fruit juices.
Arguing through quotations
Authors: Andone Corina
Published: March 2022

This paper analyses and evaluates the use of arguments in which quotations are employed to convince the addressees of the acceptability of a proposed action. Based on the European Commission’s press releases, a communicative practice in which quotations are typically employed, the study demonstrates that quotations function as weak authority arguments that are not likely to be accepted by the addressees if they are not further supported by other argument types.
Negative campaigning
Authors: Mohammed Dima
Published: March 2022

This paper develops an argumentative perspective on attacks in political election campaigns. The perspective highlights the role that attack ads play in the justification of vote claims aiming to advance our understanding of the notorious practice and to bring about a nuanced assessment of its benefits and risks. In the examination, special attention is paid to the argumentative potential that links a certain criticism of an adversary to the defense of the negative vote against the adversary as well as to the defense of the positive vote claim in favor of a campaign’s candidate. Considering the argumentative potential is especially beneficial for capturing the role of attacks in important political processes, including accountability and the stimulation of an informed public political participation.