bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-flight measurement of atmospheric-imposed tilt: experimental results and analysis
Authors: Kalensky Matthew , Jumper Eric J. , Kemnetz Matthew R. , Gordeyev Stanislav
Published: May 2022

The work presented here experimentally measures the tilt imposed on a
laser beam by the atmosphere from Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor
measurements collected in-flight. Tip/tilt is imposed on the laser
beam by propagating through optical turbulent structures larger than
or of the order of the size of the beam diameter. This tip/tilt causes
a dynamic, net deflection of the beam in the far field, referred to as
jitter, which poses a serious problem for tracking in directed energy
applications. The practical measurement of turbulence-induced tip/tilt
at altitude is challenging since mechanical contamination in the form
of vibrations also manifests as tip/tilt. In this paper, a procedure
referred to as the stitching method is used to quantify the
turbulence-induced component of tilt without the influence of
mechanical corruption. It is found that the measured tilt aligns with
what analytic solutions predict and that the turbulent environment
through which the beam propagates has Kolmogorov-like
characteristics.
Strain-free SESAMs with iron doped absorber for femtosecond fiber laser mode locking at 1560 nm
Authors: Dohms Alexander , Breuer Steffen , Skrobol Christoph , Kohlhaas Robert , Liebermeister Lars , Schell Martin , Globisch Björn
Published: May 2022

Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) are key devices for passive mode locking of numerous laser types and have been implemented for a variety of operational wavelengths ranging from 800 nm to 2400 nm. However, for 1560 nm the fabrication of SESAMs based on the standard AlAs/GaAs material system requires highly strained InGaAs absorber layers, which reduce the device efficiency and compromise fragile long-term performance. Here, we present SESAMs for ultrashort pulse generation at 1560 nm that are grown entirely lattice-matched to InP and thus have the potential for less structural defects and a higher operational lifetime. A highly reflective InGaAlAs-InAlAs Bragg mirror is capped with a heavily iron doped InGaAs:Fe absorber layer, which facilitates an unprecedented combination of sub-picosecond carrier lifetime and high optical quality. Therefore, the presented SESAMs show ultrafast response (τA < 1 ps), low non-saturable losses and high effective modulation depth (ΔReff ≥ 5.8%). Moreover, a nearly anti-resonant SESAM design provides high saturation and roll-over fluence (Fsat ≥ 17  µJ/cm2, F2 ≥ 21 mJ/cm2). With these SESAMs, we show self-starting and stable mode locking of an erbium doped fiber laser at 80 MHz repetition rate, providing ultrashort optical pulses at 17.5  mW average power.
XIII Campeonato Mundial de Fútbol Colombia 1986: memorias de un mundial inacabable
Authors: Serna-Dimas Adrián
Published: May 2022

El artículo presenta la designación de Colombia en 1974 como sede para el Campeonato Mundial de Fútbol de 1986 y su renuncia en 1982 con la pretensión de identificar en este episodio una manifestación más de esa tradición latinoamericana en la cual los gobiernos apelan al espectáculo deportivo moderno como un recurso para proponer unas imágenes del país que al final chocan con las profundas contradicciones y conflictos instalados en la sociedad. Aunque pareciera un episodio dormido en el pasado, la renuncia de Colombia al Mundial de 1986, un hecho inédito en la historia del certamen, reaparece periódicamente no solo para acusar a los gobiernos nacionales cuando pretenden realizar eventos de renombre sino, también, para señalar al país de su incapacidad para acometer grandes iniciativas.
Using a Systems Perspective to Develop Underlying Principles for Systemic Educational Reform
Authors:   University of Tasmania, Kenny John , Cirkony Connie ,   University of Tasmania
Published: May 2022

One of the enduring problems in the education system is the gap between theory and practice, where the research to improve teaching and learning is not fully realised in the classroom. This has impacted the effectiveness of education reform. We take a systems thinking approach to better understand the complexity of an education system, which involves multiple stakeholders, each with different levels of power, purposes, and perspectives about what is important. Drawing on an extensive body of research we propose a set of six foundational and five enabling principles that support systemic educational reform. These 11 principles are put forward to provide guidance for decision-makers, researchers and practitioners on how a given educational reform might be more effectively implemented.
Medication-Induced Neurotoxicity: Adverse Reactions to Drug Therapy
Authors: Rezk Mary
Published: May 2022

The drug-based treatment methods which have revolutionized modern medicine are vital in effective medical practice. While the use of drug therapy has benefited multitudes since its inception, it is imperative to note the consequences of chronic substance administration. Synthetic medications such as antibiotics, cancer-treating agents, and psychoactive modifiers are all linked to drug-induced neurotoxicity in patients. This results in adverse reactions that significantly increase morbidity, and in some cases, mortality. In this literary research report, potential implications associated with the use of select drugs within each corresponding class will be discussed.Examples of these select medications and their clinical intervention mechanisms are reviewed, and a recently published case report will be introduced for analysis of clinical presentation respective to each category. Analysis of literary review demonstrates correlation and causation between neurotoxicity and chronic medication use. These findings warrant cautionary administration of drugs in clinical practice, and call for increased research in efforts to advance recognition of drug-induced neurotoxicity in patients.
La restauración como actor principal de la revalorización del espacio local. La Habana Vieja, patrimonio vivo.
Authors: Palet Marlén
Published: May 2022

Con la declaratoria del Centro Histórico como Monumento Nacional en 1978, el inicio de los Planes de Restauración en 1981, y un año después, la inclusión en la lista del Patrimonio Mundial, se inició una etapa en que, no ajenos a una tendencia internacional, se veía el patrimonio cultural y lo relativo a su salvaguarda, bajo un prisma de mecenazgo, es decir, la necesidad de recuperar los valores heredados en su dimensión sociocultural…Ya más adelante fuimos incorporando la temática económica en la salvaguarda patrimonial, donde el territorio adquiere la dimensión de activo económico capaz de auto-sustentar su propia recuperación (Leal, 2004). Las palabras del Historiador de La Habana, en la conferencia dictada en el Forum Universal de las Culturas en Barcelona 2004, sintetizan en pocas líneas lo mucho que en apenas 25 años se ha realizado en materia de rehabilitación del casco histórico de la capital cubana. Indudablemente, una sabia conducción y una voluntad política de los Gobiernos, tanto Local como Nacional, han comenzado a dar resultados favorables en la comunidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo es brindar un análisis del impacto de la rehabilitación de La Habana Vieja en el desenvolvimiento de la población y en la valoración y protagonismo que va activándose en la propia localidad para llevar a cabo la estrategia de desarrollo trazada. Memorias, Año 3, Nº 6. Uninorte. Barranquilla. Colombia Noviembre, 2006. ISNN 1784-8886 Numerosos son los programas que se llevan a cabo con éxito de forma participativa en simultáneo con la obra restauradora. Desde el rescate de monumentos y viejas tradiciones, hasta la atención especializada de los grupos poblacionales más vulnerables. El espacio urbano va cambiando, adquiriendo nuevas funciones u otras perdidas en etapas precedentes; la reconstrucción que se experimenta lleva implícito nuevos procesos territoriales que van remodelando el sistema ambiental local.
El swing del soneo del sonero mayor. La improvisación salsera y la memoria del ritmo en el caribe y su diáspora
Authors: Quintero Rivera Ángel G.
Published: May 2022

La ponencia examina el arte de la improvisación vocal (o soneo) de Ismael Rivera (Maelo), reconocido como “el Sonero Mayor” de la música “tropical”. Analiza cómo mucha de la riqueza del soneo de Maelo, más que en la retahíla de palabras que improvisa, se encuentra en el swing de su manera de hilvanar esas improvisaciones, desarrollando modulaciones rítmicas a la manera del bailador en diálogo con el tambor repicador en la memoria caribeña de sus primeras músicas emergiendo de su herencia cultural africana. Estas primeras músicas partían de una realidad, en medida considerable, “despalabrada”, terrible carimbo de la esclavitud. El análisis del soneo de Maelo es muy importante para comprender la salsa, un movimiento musical liderado por la diáspora caribeña en Nueva York que alcanzó una enorme difusión internacional. Su trayectoria como cantante se ubica en los años de transición entre la música afrocaribeña tradicional y las nuevas sonoridades que asume esa música en la expresión salsera. Fue, de hecho, en Nueva York –a donde emigró en 1967– y como parte del boom salsero que se iniciaba entonces, que su soneo alcanzó su máximo desarrollo artístico, pero incorporando siempre la memoria ancestral y el hondo sentido comunal de sus inicios sobre todo con el Combo de Cortijo en los barrios populares del Puerto Rico de los años cincuenta. La manera como Maelo “apalabró” su swing le imprimió una gran riqueza libertaria al soneo salsero convirtiéndolo en uno de los nuevos elementos centrales de dicha sonoridad diaspórica.
Las mujeres de las diásporas caribeñas: El cuidado, el afecto y el sexo como productos de exportación
Authors: Solano Suárez Yusmidia
Published: May 2022

Este artículo versa sobre el trabajo del cuidado, que esta referido a todas las actividades que son necesarias y se realizan, para garantizar la vida en el ámbito doméstico y que hasta hace poco sólo tenían valor de uso. Cada vez más, sin embargo, en las sociedades capitalistas éste tipo de actividad se mercantiliza. Se pretende mostrar como las mujeres de las diásporas caribeñas, pasan de ejercer su disposición de dar afecto y las actividades domésticas en sus casas, familias y países para realizarlas en los países industrializados a donde llegan, realizando una transferencia neta de amor, cuidados y bienestar que los suyos dejan de percibir para proporcionárselos a otros, a cambio de remesas en efectivo que giran a sus familias y países en cuyas economías estas son fundamentales para por lo menos mantenerse a flote en las turbulencias de la globalización excluyente.
Juan Méndez Nieto: Diáspora de estilos de pensamiento peninsulares e inflexión en los colectivos de pensamiento del Caribe colombiano
Authors: Páez Casadiego Yidy
Published: May 2022

Juan Méndez Nieto es un medico judío-portugués formado en la Universidad de Salamanca, quien llega a Cartagena hacia 1.569, huyendo posiblemente de la Inquisición, desde Santo Domingo - por su condición de „cristiano nuevo?-. En Tierra Firme despliega una intensa actividad médica, en la cual se conjugan los saberes de una problemática modernidad peninsular con los saberes prehispánicos. En su obra, Discursos Medicinales (1.607-1.608) – el primer texto de medicina escrito en estas tierras- se puede leer el interés de un „etnógrafo? por las condiciones socio-culturales del síntoma y la praxis del clínico sujeta a la tensión de un ethos „barroco? que arrastra en su diáspora los estilos de pensamiento protomodernos de ultramar que hacen crisis frente a los colectivos de pensamiento local dominados por las imágenes y los medios de coerción y punición del Santo Oficio. En este ensayo se intentará hacer una lectura hermenéutica de la vida y obra de Juan Méndez Nieto, utilizando como „determinativos? de interpretación las nociones de estilo y colectivo de pensamiento del médico y sociólogo de la ciencia, Ludwig Fleck.
El Caribe en la nación colombiana memorias de la cátedra anual de Historia <> en asocio con la cátedra del Caribe colombiano. Museo Nacional de Colombia-Observatorio del Caribe Colombiano. Bogotá 2006. 556 pp.
Authors: Férez Edgar
Published: May 2022

Alberto Abello Vives (compilador). Roberto Rubiano Vargas (editor).
Influence of Central-Metallic Atoms of Molecular Junction on Electrical and Thermal Transport
Authors: Mushir Ayed F. , Al-Khaykaneea Mohsin K. , Obaida Rawaa M.
Published: May 2022

Molecular structures of a series of metal-complexes molecules of bipyrimdine have interesting features in various applications such as industrial and scientific. The transition through metal complexes at molecular structures has a significant role in the metal-bridges interactions. Hence, the bipyrimdine's complex molecules were used to show the effect of the metal atoms on the electronics, electrical, and thermoelectric properties and to identify the π-conjugated system in all attempts before/ or after replaced one carbon with nitrogen atoms in one or two the pyridine rings. SIESTA code, and GOLLUM code programs were used in our calculations. The results showed that the energy gap decreased significantly with the type of metal atoms, which appear in electronic applications at various LUMO-HOMO energy gaps. The electrical and thermal results have confirmed the effect of metal-complexes center atoms in the transmission and Seebeck coefficients. From the position of the Fermi energy (E-EF=0 eV), the conductance and the thermopower values are determined, and thus the specificity figure of merit ZTe was computed. Therefore, we found the ZTe be a high value for bipyridine molecule about 1.7, which is several order of magnitude higher than of the set molecules. Whereas a low value of ZTe for Cr-metal-molecule.
Cardiovascular response to postural perturbations of different intensities in healthy young adults
Authors: Siedlecki Patrick , Shoemaker J. Kevin , Ivanova Tanya D. , Garland S. Jayne
Published: May 2022

The ability to regain control of balance is vital in limiting falls and injuries. Little is known regarding how the autonomic nervous system responds during recovery from balance perturbations of different intensities. The purpose of this study was to examine the cardiovascular response following a standing balance perturbation of varying intensities, quantify cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) during standing perturbations, and to establish the stability of the cardiac baroreflex during quiet standing before and after balance disturbances. Twenty healthy participants experienced three different perturbation intensity conditions that each included 25 brief posteriorly‐directed perturbations, 8–10 s apart. Three perturbation intensity conditions (low, medium, high) were given in random order. Physiological data were collected in quiet stance for 5 min before testing (Baseline) and again after the perturbation conditions (Recovery) to examine baroreflex stability. Beat‐to‐beat heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) analysis post‐perturbation indicated an immediate acceleration of the HR for 1–2 s, with elevated SBP 4–5 s post‐perturbation. Heart rate changes were greatest in the medium (p = 0.035) and high (p = 0.012) intensities compared to low, while there were no intensity‐dependent changes in SBP. The cBRS was not intensity‐dependent (p = 0.402) but when perturbation conditions were combined, cBRS was elevated compared to Baseline (p = 0.046). The stability of baseline cBRS was excellent (ICC = 0.896) between quiet standing conditions. In summary, HR, but not SBP or cBRS were intensity‐specific during postural perturbations. This was the first study to examine cardiovascular response and cBRS to postural perturbations.
Sammeln, zerschlagen, wiedererrichten: zum wechselhaften Schicksal der Fürst zu Stolberg-Wernigerodeschen Bibliothek
Authors: Wendlik Steffen
Published: May 2022

Die Fürst zu Stolberg-Wernigerodesche Bibliothek ist eine traditionsreiche Adelsbibliothek. Ihre Wurzeln reichen ins 16. Jahrhundert zurück. Ausgehend von Handschriftensammlungen und Sammlungsschwerpunkten wie (lutherischer) Theologie und Pietismus entwickelte sie sich bis Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts mit ca. 125.000 Bänden zu einer der bedeutenden deutschen Adelsbibliotheken. Infolge politischer Umbrüche Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts wurde die Bibliothek 1945–49 enteignet und weitgehend zerschlagen. Der Autor beschreibt seine Bemühungen, die nun zu restituierenden Bücher entsprechend ihrer kulturhistorischen Identität wieder zu einer Sammlung zusammenzuführen.
Open Access: Koste es, was es wolle?
Authors: Göttker Susanne
Published: May 2022

Der Artikel stellt die Empfehlungen des Wissenschaftsrates zur Transformation des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens zu Open Access vor und versucht die Kernpunkte herauszuarbeiten. Anhand dieser Punkte wird erläutert, warum mit diesen Empfehlungen deutlich wird, dass auch knapp 20 Jahre nach Unterzeichnung der Berliner Erklärung noch keine echte Transformation stattgefunden hat und auch den mannigfaltigen Anstrengungen auf bibliothekarischer Seite zum Trotz noch nicht stattfinden konnte. Der Artikel greift außerdem die Punkte der Empfehlungen auf, die vielversprechend sind, aber womöglich eines längeren Atems bedürfen als es manchen Beteiligten recht sein kann.
The clarification and application of the Numerus Clausus Principle of IP Rights in China
Authors: Cho Yongsun , Sun Shan , Chen Fangxin
Published: May 2022

Whether the Numerus Clausus Principle is adhered to in IP Rights (IPRs) Law determines whether judges have the discretion to explain the rights that have not been legislated in a case. Legal interest is the superordinate concept of right, and “other rights and interests prescribed by law” in Article(Art) 126 of the Civil Code of the PRC refer to different types of legal interests. The legal interests that judges give relief by exerting their discretion in a case are the “interest” in Art 126 of the Civil Code, which has not risen to legal rights. Those flexible expressions conflicting with the Numerus Clausus Principle in the separate IPRs laws should be revised in the future. The Numerus Clausus Principle also requires judges to apply open concepts carefully when judging and reasoning, and protecting legal interests discriminatively.
A systematic review on traditional medicinal Animal’s parts and products used for the treatment of respiratory tract disorders in Ethiopia
Authors: Getachew Melese , Alimaw Yigardush , Belayneh Anteneh , Kebede Bekalu , Tadege Getnet , Abebe Dehnnet
Published: May 2022

Background

Respiratory diseases affect more than one billion people worldwide. Although medicinal animals have huge importance in primary health care, limited effort applied so far been in Ethiopia to properly identify, document, and conserve these animals and the related knowledge. This systematic review was aimed to identify the medicinal animals and document reports on the use of medicinal animals for the management of respiratory disorders.

Methods

Both published and unpublished articles on the ethnozoological use of medicinal animals were searched using electronic database (Science Direct, Pub Med, Google Scholar, Scopus, hinari, and research gate) and institutional repositories. Different keywords were used separately and in combination using Boolean operators “OR” or “AND” as well as medical subject heading [MeSH] terms. Studies that did not address respiratory disorders were excluded. Data were extracted using Microsoft excel spread sheet.

Results

Among 211 articles obtained from database searches, nine articles were eligible and included in the review. Thirty two medicinal animals were reported for treatment of respiratory disorders. Mammals were the most commonly (43.8%) used medicinal animals. Meat was reported as the most commonly (22.6%) used medicinal remedy.

Conclusions

Most of the medicinal remedies were obtained from mammals and administered orally. As the majority of the medicinal animals were obtained from wild sources, due attention should be given to conserve them. Besides, this traditional medicinal knowledge should be integrated to modern medicine to investigate the acute and chronic toxicity profile and efficacy of these remedies to identify potential lead compounds to modern drugs.
Microvariation and Change in the Romance Left Periphery
Authors: Wolfe Sam
Published: May 2022

Despite the vast literature which has accrued on the fine structure of the Romance left periphery, there exists no diachronic account of the emergence of the considerable microvariation between Romance varieties today. Focussing in particular on the syntax of French and Venetan varieties, this article suggests that certain northern Romance varieties have diverged maximally from an Early Medieval Romance norm in which each left-peripheral Head attracts a wide variety of suitable Goals for movement, unlike the ‘innovative’ Romance grammars which emerge in the post-medieval period where the suitable class of Goals becomes restricted along categorial or information-structural grounds. The account predicts that the most ‘conservative’ Modern Romance grammars allow widespread argument fronting via movement, whereas their most ‘innovative’ counterparts show heavy restrictions on such operations.
Rethinking Gender Principles in El Salvador: Evidence from /s/ Weakening
Authors: Brogan Franny D. , Yi Deborah
Published: May 2022

Previous research on /s/ weakening in Spanish has consistently aligned with Labovian principles: women prefer the prestige variant, usually [s], while men favor nonstandard, lenited variants. However, in Salvadoran Spanish—a dialect that weakens /s/ across syllable positions and shows allophonic variation beyond the tripartite paradigm of [s]/[h]/[∅]—gender-based lenition patterns contradict this generalization. This study examines the production of phonological /s/ by 72 Salvadorans balanced for region, urbanicity, age, and gender who participated in sociolinguistic interviews in El Salvador in 2015. We find that women not only lenite /s/ at higher rates than men overall, but also produce significantly more of the variants that carry the most local stigma. We further find that, counterintuitively, women are significantly more likely than men to lenite /s/ in utterance- and word-initial prosodic positions, which are stronger and more perceptually salient than medial and final tokens. We argue that these discrepancies are best understood by taking El Salvador’s unique historical and sociopolitical context into account. Specifically, we propose that a culture of state-sanctioned violence against women and the unprecedented threat of gangs in El Salvador have led to the social segregation and linguistic isolation of women, affording them little access to standard linguistic forms even as globalization, urbanization, industrialization, and migration facilitate a shift toward linguistic standardization.
Corpus Data and the Position of Information Focus in Spanish
Authors: Heidinger Steffen
Published: May 2022

The syntactic position of information foci is the most vividly discussed issue in recent literature on focus in Spanish. An interesting aspect of this discussion is that the diverging views typically correlate with diverging methods: Authors who rely on their intuitions as native speakers typically assume that information foci are limited to the final position, while authors using experimental methods typically argue (based on their experimental data) that information foci are not limited to the final position. The present paper contributes to this debate by adding a new data type, namely corpus data. The main empirical finding of our corpus study is that information foci appear most frequently in final position but are not limited to the final position. The latter finding is in line with comparable experimental studies, but the preference for the final position in our corpus data is not found in all experimental studies. Further, our results challenge the common view in the introspection-based literature according to which the information focus needs to be in final position in Spanish. In addition to this empirical contribution we offer a reflection on the merits of corpus data in this domain of linguistic research.
El uso de adverbios locativos con pronombres posesivos en el español uruguayo: un análisis diacrónico y probabilístico
Authors: Marttinen Larsson Matti , Álvarez López Laura
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo se centra en el uso variable de las construcciones adverbiales locativas del tipo(a)delante de mí –(a)delante míoen el español del Uruguay. Estudiamos los usos de tales variantes,destacando el proceso diacrónico de cambio lingüístico y los mecanismos subyacentes a este. A través del análisis cuantitativo de un conjunto de más de dos mil datos extraídos de cinco corpus comparables, describimos los contextos lingüísticos de empleo de estas construcciones entre 1900 y 2019. Comprobamos que la probabilidad de encontrar la variante posesiva aumenta con el tiempo y que esta forma innovadora se difunde particularmente junto a adverbios prefijados y con referentes de las 1ay 2apersonas del singular (como ena-delante mío y a-trás tuyo). Al comparar estos resultados con los que se han obtenido anteriormente con datos de España, constatamos que el español uruguayo y el peninsular comparten una gramática probabilística de esta variación morfosintáctica, mostrando tendencias altamente similares con relación a los factores lingüísticos que condicionan el fenómeno estudiado (persona gramatical, número gramatical, tipo de locativo).
Prosodic Marking of Object Focus in L2 Spanish
Authors: Alvarado Covadonga Sánchez , Armstrong Meghan
Published: May 2022

L + H* is used for corrective focus both in American English and Peninsular Spanish, but its phonetic implementation may still differ. Furthermore, features such as longer duration or relative F0 differences correlate as well with the realization of corrective focus in both languages. For L2 speakers, the acquisition of these form-meaning associations may be constrained by patterns of transfer from the L1, universal tendencies such as the use of default intonational patterns, or development of the L2 grammar. We analyzed four acoustic features (i.e., peak alignment, pitch scaling, relative F0, and duration) as manifested in informational and corrective object focus statements elicited from 10 native Spanish speakers and 10 English-speaking learners of Spanish through a question-and-answer pairs task. Our findings reveal that while learners of Spanish can adjust the phonetic implementation of focal accents towards the target (e.g., producing earlier peaks and longer stressed vowels), L1 English features (e.g., wider pitch scaling and smaller relative F0 differences) are also manifested in their production. We discuss these findings in connection with Mennen, Ineke. 2015. Beyond segments: Towards a L2 intonation learning theory. In Elisabeth Delais-Roussarie, Mathieu Avanzi & Sophie Herment (eds.),Prosody and languages in contact, 171–188. Berlin: Springer. L2 Intonation Learning theory as well as previous studies in an effort to improve understanding of the constraining factors in the development of L2 intonational grammars.
Analysis of inappropriate repeated laboratory testing
Authors: Bozyigit Cengiz , Odabasi Merve Sena , Dirican Melahat
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Laboratory services are an important part of the healthcare system. However many requested tests may be considered inappropriate or unnecessary. We evaluated laboratory use in a period of 3 years in terms of the inappropriate test repeats.

Methods

We analyzed inappropriate repeat rate (IRR) of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), 25-OH vitamin D [25(OH)D], thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO), vitamin B12, folate, iron, ferritin and total cholesterol in the light of clinical guidelines.

Results

IRR of 3 year was found to be 10% on average (4.2–15.5%). In TSH, FT3, and FT4 parameters, IRR was between 4.2 and 5.3%, while it was between 12.9 and 15.5% for 25(OH)D, iron, ferritin, and total cholesterol. In all tests (except anti-TPO), IRRs were found to be higher in inpatients for each of the 3 years. Inappropriate repetition of total cholesterol, iron, and ferritin parameters were more frequent in men. Inappropriate repeats were performed in all parameters (except HbA1c) after a result that had been in the reference range.

Conclusions

Examined test repetitions were mostly inappropriate. To reduce the inappropriate laboratory test requests, it is important to analyze the causes and to ensure cooperation between laboratory specialists and clinicians.
Egy sikertelen kísérlet
Authors: Sato Dan
Published: May 2022

This paper sketches out the early phase of the academic discipline ‘Western (or European) Legal History’ in Japan through the case of Satoshi Nishimoto, who was one of the first scholars to specialise in this discipline. Nishimoto studied in Germany during the National Socialists era. Following his return to Japan, he published a series of papers which were influenced by national socialistic ideology.  Due to the fact that the subjects of these papers seemed to bare no relation to European legal history, he was unable to gain much recognition as a legal historian. However, it seems that these papers were an attempt to introduce the research methodology prevalent in Germany at the time of his studies, namely that of legal history as either serving politics or needing to be combined with geopolitics. In any case, his attempt ended in failure.
Beiträge ungarischer Strafrechtswissenschaftler im NS-Deutschland und in Ungarn (1933–1944)
Authors: Lehotay Veronika
Published: May 2022

In this paper I examine the changes in Hungarian criminal law in the aspect of how German law affected the Hungarian. I also present how the Hungarian criminal law literature appeared in Germany during the Hitler era. I deal with two examples in the study: the issue of criminal protection of the state, and racial protection.
Exploring the Rural Poverty Prevalence and Eradication Strategies for Rural Development: The case of Kenya
Authors: Agayi Collins Ouma , Karakayaci Ozer
Published: May 2022

The World Bank estimates that about 689 million people live on less than $1.90 a day globally. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia collectively account for 85% of this number. In Kenya, 36.1% of the total population live below poverty line, 40.1% in rural and 29.4% in urban areas. This study seeks to determine the contributing factors to rural poverty in Kenya, identify the eradication strategies, and reveal the gaps in the strategies. The study relies on secondary sources of data, including government reports, research articles, theses, international organizations’ reports etc. It applies correlation and regression methods of data analysis to test the hypotheses. The study established that the lack of, and inaccessibility of water and food are aggravating factors of rural poverty, while poverty levels do not drop with an increase in the household land size. It also revealed that increasing the income levels of individuals in rural areas reduces poverty. Finally, the study identifies inadequate community participation, political interference, embezzlement of funds, underfunding, resistance to devolution, less transparency and accountability, and duplication of roles as gaps in the strategies. The study proposes sealing the gaps to strengthen the strategies and inform future policies formulation efforts for successful poverty eradication.
Effects of pretreatments on the chemical composition and thermal conversion of oil palm empty fruit bunch
Authors: Hendrasetiafitri Citasari , Sung Yong Joo , Kim Dong-Seop
Published: May 2022

The combustion of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) can cause severe fouling, slagging, and ash melt-down problems, which originate from its non-organic components such as potassium, calcium, and silicon. To improve the usability of OPEFB as raw materials for combustion energy generation, the effects of pretreatments with various solution on the chemical composition and the thermal degradation were investigated. Soaking pretreatments with alkali, acidic, and neutral conditions were applied. The acid soaking pretreatments resulted in the reduction of the alkaline ash materials, although the silicon and the chlorine were effectively reduced by the alkali or the water soaking pretreatment. The changes in the ash composition by the different pretreatment conditions resulted in the changes of thermal properties. The pretreated OPEFB showed increased thermal degradation temperatures, indicating the improvement of the thermal stability by the pretreatment. The results of the various pretreatments showed that the water soaking pretreatment of OPEFB could be a promising pretreatment method to improve the applicability for combustion as a bio-fuel, in terms of economic viability and environmental sustainability.
Characterization and optimization of organoclay- poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde)-methylated solution impregnated pulai (Alstonia spp.) wood using response surface methodology
Authors: Khui Perry Law Nyuk , Rahman Md. Rezaur , Yun Hafizah binti Abdul Halim , Huda Durul , Hamdan Sinin , Bakri Muhammad Khusairy Bin , Matin Mohammad Mahbubul , Kuok Kuok King , Yun Chin Mei , Al-Bogami Abdullah S. , Alamry Khalid A. , Rahman Mohammed M.
Published: May 2022

Significant effects of organoclay and poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde)-methylated (PMFM) impregnation on the mechanical, morphological, and thermal characteristics of raw pulai wood were investigated in this work. The material’s modulus of elasticity (MOE) as well as the maximum compression force (MCF) of the impregnated organoclay/PMFM pulai wood samples were optimized using a designed experiment. The MOE and MCF models had R2 values of 0.9228 and 0.8340, respectively. After the impregnation of organoclay/PMFM pulai wood samples, the MOE and MCF increased considerably, indicating that the pulai wood’s mechanical characteristics had improved. The compositional analysis verified the polymerization and dispersion of organoclay and PMFM. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, reduction in the hydroxyl groups was detected. The impregnated organoclay/PMFM pulai wood samples had successfully filled the pores and cell cavities, as seen by scanning electron microscopy. The thermal stability of the impregnated organoclay/PMFM pulai wood samples was better than that of the raw pulai wood, with a higher glass transition temperature as determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The thermogravimetric study revealed that the impregnated organoclay/PMFM pulai wood samples had higher decomposition temperatures than the raw pulai wood sample.
Embodied carbon and influencing factors of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States
Authors: Geng Limin , Shen Wenxing , Xu Zenan
Published: May 2022

The paper industry is a high-carbon emission and energy-intensive industry. From the perspective of low-carbon trade and carbon neutrality, its energy conservation and emission reduction are worthy of attention. This study used the input-output model to calculate the embodied carbon emissions of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States from 2006 to 2020 and used the logarithmic mean division index (LMDI) method to analyze influencing factors of the change of embodied carbon emissions. The study found that the embodied carbon emissions of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States generally shows a stable downward trend after reaching the peak with the increase of export trade scale; scale effect is the main factor that causes the embodied carbon emissions, while technological progress, policy support, and environmental regulations are important driving forces to promote carbon emission reduction. The research results of this paper not only can test and guide China’s paper industry trade policies and industrial policies, but they can also provide decision-making reference for China and the United States to promote the carbon emission reduction of the paper industry.
Purification and characterization of a new cold-active cellulolytic enzyme produced by Pseudoalteromonas sp. ArcC09 from the Arctic Beaufort Sea
Authors: Kim Min Ju , Park Ha Ju , Kang Pilsung , Kim Il Chan , Yim Joung Han , Han Se Jong
Published: May 2022

A cold-active endoglucanase-producing bacterium was isolated from the Beaufort Sea of the Arctic Ocean and identified as Pseudoalteromonas sp. ArcC09. Cellulolytic activity of ArcC09 reached a maximum of 60 U/mg when cultivated in ZoBell medium for 72 h at 15 °C. This purified endoglucanase, with a molecular mass of 28 kDa, exhibited maximum activity at pH 7.0 and 55 °C. The ArcC09 endoglucanase exhibited 10% and 36% of its maximal activity even at low temperatures of 5 °C and 15 °C, respectively. However, it showed lower thermal stability than a mesophilic cellulase, which is characteristic of a psychrophilic enzyme. The activity was inhibited by CuSO4, and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). These findings supplement the understanding of cold-active endoglucanases and may have commercial applications in enzymatic digestion of cellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars.
The Impact of Significant Events on Public Policy and Institutional Change: Towards a Research Agenda
Authors: Patkauskaitė-Tiuchtienė Inga , Bortkevičiūtė Rasa , Nakrošis Vitalis , Vilpišauskas Ramūnas
Published: May 2022

Data shows that significant events such natural disasters, anthropogenic disasters and malign activities by hostile actors, often having cross-border effects, have been on the rise. However, the studies of the effects of those events on public policies, governance and institutions remain inconclusive. In this article we present a research agenda which proposes the classification of the significant events on the basis of their characteristics backing it with a newly compiled data set on significant events which took place in Lithuania in 2004-2020 and outline the directions for an in-depth analysis of the causal mechanisms of how those events affect policy and institutional change. We conclude with concrete proposals for further research which could provide theoretically innovative and policy relevant insights into the political processes which translate responses to significant events into policy and institutional changes affecting welfare institutions and resilience of society.
Arrhythmogenesis of Sports: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Fyyaz Saad , Papadakis Michael
Published: May 2022

Regular exercise confers health benefits with cardiovascular mortality risk reduction through a variety of mechanisms. At a population level, evidence suggests that undertaking more exercise has greater benefits. In the modern era of sport, there has been an exponential rise in professional and amateur athletes participating in endurance events, with a progressively better understanding of the associated cardiac adaptations, collectively termed ‘athletes heart’. However, emerging data raise questions regarding the risk of potential harm from endurance exercise, with an increased risk of arrhythmia from adverse cardiac remodelling. Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that athletes may exhibit a higher burden of AF, conduction tissue disease, ventricular arrhythmias, a cardiomyopathy-like phenotype and coronary artery disease. In an attempt to separate myth from reality, this review reports on the evidence supporting the notion of ‘too much exercise’, the purported mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiac arrhythmia and complex interplay with sporting discipline, demographics, genetics and acquired factors.
First record of the Gangetic Swamp Eel, Ophichthys cuchia (Hamilton, 1822) (Teleostei: Synbranchidae), from Texas (USA) based on museum vouchered material, and confirmation of a second established non-native population in the USA
Authors: Best Alice , Perkin Joshuah S. , Pinion Amanda K. , Binkley Hailey , Conway Kevin W.
Published: May 2022

The native range of Ophichthys cuchia includes part of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, and Nepal. Ophichthys cuchia has also been collected within six states in the USA (Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania) and an established invasive population exists in New Orleans (Louisiana). We provide the first record of O. cuchia from Texas and the second report of an established non-native population in the USA based on 26 museum vouchered specimens collected from a series of urban ponds within the Houston metro area (Fort Bend Co.).
“Muéstrale al Niño el Camino que debe seguir” Niño y Niña en Proverbios y Eclesiástico
Authors: Cetina Edesio Sánchez
Published: May 2022

Para escribir sobre el tema central de este ensayo, es imprescindible colocarlo en el contexto histórico, social, cultural, junto con todos los elementos que componen la cosmovisión del judaísmo de la época del “Segundo Templo” (538 a.C.–70 d.C.): la aparición del “Libro” (especialmente de la Torá); la reinvención del pueblo judío, de nación a movimiento; la importancia capital del hogar como centro de formación educativa y religiosa; y la formación del canon de la Biblia hebrea (Tanak). En este escrito se mira a la infancia y temprana juventud, primero, desde la visión conjunta de Proverbios y Eclesiástico; para, finalmente, tratar el tema niños/niñas, en cada uno de los dos libros, en el contexto del desarrollo del judaísmo previo al comienzo de nuestra era.
Los Niños y las Niñas en la Biblia: Visibilizar sus rostros y reconocer sus voces
Authors: Mayor Jhon Fredy
Published: May 2022

La lectura contextual de la Biblia en el continente latinoamericano ha permitidorecuperar para las comunidades los rostros y las voces de los diferentessujetos que intervienen en ella, tal es el caso de las mujeres, los pueblosoriginarios y étnicos, los campesinos e incluso los hombres en sus nuevosroles (masculinidades). En el artículo se propone recuperar los rostros de losniños y niñas en la Biblia de los discursos androcéntricos y adultocéntricos.Metodológicamente se tomaron los textos donde aparecen los niños comovíctimas, para que a la luz de lo que el texto dice visibilizar al niño en sucondición, ya fuera esta favorable o no para ellos. Este recorrido por textosdel primer y segundo testamento invita a rupturas con prácticas religiosasy sociales que no consideran a los niños aptos para la revelación de Dios,negándoles la posibilidad de un espacio y una participación activa en la comunidady la sociedad. En la superación de esas ideas está la posibilidadpara tener una infancia protegida, amada, participativa y autónoma que notolera el maltrato ni el abuso.
DERIVATIVOS, VALOR DA FIRMA E GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA NO BRASIL
Authors: Caixe Daniel Ferreira , Rodrigues Matheus Albino
Published: May 2022

RESUMO Este estudo investiga a influência da governança corporativa na relação entre o uso de derivativos financeiros e o valor da firma no contexto brasileiro. Nós usamos dados longitudinais de 241 companhias abertas ao longo do período de 2006 a 2017. As empresas são divididas em dois grupos: com melhor governança (listadas nos segmentos prêmios da B3 - Nível 1, Nível 2 e Novo Mercado); e com pior governança (listadas no segmento Tradicional da B3). Quando mitigados possíveis problemas de endogeneidade pelo Método dos Momentos Generalizado Sistêmico, os resultados indicam que o emprego de swaps diminui o valor das firmas bem governadas que são menos endividadas. Nós interpretamos tais achados como uma evidência de que o “prêmio de governança corporativa” é reduzido (ou eliminado) pelo uso de derivativos, quando o mercado brasileiro acredita que esses instrumentos são utilizados para especulação ou benefício dos gestores.
UTILIZAÇÃO DA PESQUISA-AÇÃO NO CAMPO DAS CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS
Authors: Leite Ana Luiza , Lemos Dannyela da Cunha
Published: May 2022

RESUMO A pesquisa-ação possui potencial para desenvolvimento de soluções e permite a construção de pesquisas teórico-práticas longitudinais. Ela possui um caráter dinâmico e possibilita o desenvolvimento de organizações, tornando-se uma estratégia plausível nas ciências sociais aplicadas. Objetiva-se verificar como os pesquisadores no campo das ciências sociais aplicadas (administração, ciências contábeis e economia) têm utilizado a metodologia de pesquisa-ação em seus trabalhos por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura nacional. Utilizou-se como descritor a palavra pesquisa-ação com busca no resumo em duas bases de dados com um filtro temporal de 2015 a 2020, resultando um portfólio de 50 artigos após as exclusões. Este estudo destaca aspectos operacionais da pesquisa-ação que são utilizadas de diferentes formas nos artigos analisados: objetivo de pesquisa, fases da pesquisa-ação, contexto e envolvimento do pesquisador, método de coleta de dados e de análise de dados. Este artigo contribui para a área das ciências sociais aplicadas, ao apresentar cuidados e limites durante a operacionalização da pesquisa-ação, uma vez, que ela pode ser vislumbrada como um processo guarda-chuva, isto é, uma estratégia de pesquisa que pode comportar diferentes paradigmas, epistemologias, ontologias e formas de coleta e análise de dados.
Barreiras e enfrentamentos de mulheres em carreiras predominantemente masculinas
Authors: Oliveira-Silva Ligia Carolina , Parreira Vanessa Aparecida Diniz
Published: May 2022

Resumo: As mulheres permanecem historicamente sub-representadas em carreiras predominantemente masculinas (Ciências, Tecnologia, Engenharias e Matemática), desde a formação até a inserção no mercado de trabalho. Nestas carreiras, elas são submetidas a mecanismos de exclusão que dificultam o enfrentamento das barreiras encontradas. O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar, por meio de um estudo qualitativo com 15 mulheres, as barreiras e as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por estudantes e profissionais femininas em carreiras predominantemente masculinas. Os resultados demonstram que as barreiras são mais percebidas do que as estratégias, em especial as relativas a assédio, discriminação de gênero e cobranças excessivas. Conclui-se serem necessárias ações de intervenção que ofereçam estratégias de permanência para mulheres em carreiras nas quais permanecem minoria.
Primavera secundarista: uma convivência feminista
Authors: Moresco Marcielly Cristina
Published: May 2022

Resumo: A partir de entrevistas, observação e análise de narrativas (auto)biográficas de estudantes que ocuparam as escolas em Curitiba/Paraná e em sua região metropolitana no ano de 2016, neste artigo, temos o objetivo de analisar os deslocamentos e as bases para a convivência entre estudantes durante as ocupações escolares. Outrossim, comenta-se sobre uma possível quarta onda do feminismo, marcada pela participação de jovens meninas e mulheres tanto em espaços virtuais quanto nos ambientes educacionais. A partir da pesquisa, constatamos que as ocupações escolares foram um movimento alinhado a uma convivência cujo conjunto de ações foi convergente com práticas feministas. Tal acontecimento representou um modo de resistência, evidenciando o poder político e coletivo de meninas/mulheres, e pessoas LGBTI+, durante o período em que ocuparam suas escolas.
Representación descriptiva en la Asamblea de la Comunidad de Madrid (1983-2019)
Authors: Medero Gema Sánchez , Albaladejo Gema Pastor , Medina Pilar Mairal , Solana María José García
Published: May 2022

Resumen: En este artículo se pretende averiguar qué prácticas han llevado a cabo los partidos de la Comunidad de Madrid para integrar a las mujeres en el parlamento autonómico entre 1983-2019, y así confirmar si la incorporación de éstas corresponde o no con una política de “cuotas” o la ley de igualdad. De esta manera, se podrá determinar hasta qué punto la integración femenina es real, cuál ha sido el efecto que han tenido las cuotas o la ley de igualdad en este sentido, o si han sido los partidos políticos los que realmente han impulsado la participación en política de las mujeres.