bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЖИВОПИСНІ ТВОРИ «ХЛІБ» ТЕТЯНИ ЯБЛОНСЬКОЇ ТА «ХЛІБ – ДЕРЖАВІ» ТЕТЯНИ СТАРОСЕЛЬСЬКОЇ: ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ
Authors: Роготченко Олексій
Published: August 2023

Дослідження присвячене повоєнному періоду творчості Народної художниці, професора Тетяни Нилівни Яблонської та Тетяни Старосельської. Феномен творчості мисткинь досі не вивчено у повному обсязі, незважаючи на достатньо велику кількість публікацій, оприлюднених мистецтвознавцями, культурологами, істориками, філософами від повоєнного часу до наших днів. Автор зосереджує увагу на періоді, що відповідає визначенню «тоталітарний» час, а саме 1940–1950-х років. Увагу зосереджено на знаковому для вітчизняного та світового мистецтва живописному полотні «Хліб» Т. Яблонської та мало відомому твору Т. Старосельської з аналогічною назвою, виконаними у 1949 році. Слід зауважити, що творчість Т. Яблонської видозмінювалася у магістральних напрямках принаймні двічі. Мисткиня пройшла шлях від міцного академіста – реаліста до митця імпресіоністичних вподобань. Унікальність творчості Т. Яблонської полягає у абсолютній відданості тому, що вона робила у образотворчому мистецтві. Конкретні часові періоди змінювали манеру, техніку виконання, але завжди залишали головне – професіоналізм у досягненні поставленої мети. Творчість Т. Ствросельської залишалася незмінною. Автор статті знав особисто Тетяну Нилівну Яблонську, спілкувався з нею у стінах КДХІ (Київського державного художнього інституту) протягом 1970–1975 років, у творчих групах в будинку творчості «Седнів». Автор брав інтерв”ю у мисткині стосовно її творчості у кінці 1970-х років і тому стосовно феномену художниці має своє власне бачення. Автор також знав Тетяну Старосельську по спільній роботі у Національній спілці художників України. У статті пропонується використання принципів наукової достовірності та всебічності. Власне бачення передбачає підтримку пропонованої версії у контексті мистецтвознавчо-культурологічного, історичного, філософського методів.
СМІЛИВІСТЬ – БУТИ ГЕНІАЛЬНОЮ МАРІЄЮ ПРИМАЧЕНКО
Authors: Собуцька Любава Андріївна
Published: August 2023

Метою статті є тлумачення творчості народної художниці – Марії Примаченко в реаліях сьогодення. Адже її мистецький доробок це – потужне послання нам та наступним поколінням. У статті робиться акцент на актуальних темах, що близькі сучасним подіям. Роботи майстрині свідчать, що її внутрішній світ продукував позачасові композиції, які асоціюються в світовій культурі з українським наївним й народним мистецтвом. У статті аналізуються роботи другої половини 1980-х – першої половини 1990-х рр. з приватної колекції Едуарда Димшица, які експонувались на виставці «Марія Примаченко. «Дарую Україні!» в Національному музеї у Львові ім. Андрея Шептицького (18.07.2022 – 06.11.2022). Демонстровані композиції, пізнього періоду творчості стали своєрідним підсумком життєвого шляху художниці. У дослідженні виокремлюються три великі тематичні групи - фантастичні звірі й чудовиська, квіткові композиції й сюжетні роботи. Безперечно для поціновувачів найцікавішою і водночас найзагадковішою є чимала група композицій з фантастичними звірами, екзотичними та місцевими, поліськими тваринами й страхітливими чудовиськами. Значну увагу відведено авторським підписам Примаченко, що вдало доповнюють декоративні малюнки й допомагають розкрити зміст робіт. Віршовані підписи та яскраві композиції творять цілісний тандем образотворчого та вербального мистецтва. При написанні статті застосовано порівняльний аналіз робіт різних періодів творчості Марії Примаченко, які доступні у джерелах з тими, що експонувались на виставці. За допомогою відомих мистецтвознавчих досліджень визначено, що є домінантою у творах художниці й представляє її унікальність для українського мистецтва, а що має тісний зв’язок з традиційним народним мистецтвом.
ВИТОКИ НЕОЕКСПРЕСІОНІЗМУ ТА ЙОГО ПРОЯВИ В МИСТЕЦТВІ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ХУДОЖНИКІВ ГРУПИ «NEW BEND»
Authors: Солярська-Комарчук Ірина Олегівна
Published: August 2023

Стаття присвячена аналізу мистецьких процесів, котрі виникли у другій половині ХХ ст. після Другої світової війни. Визначаються причини появи трансавангарду в зарубіжному мистецтві. В зв’язку із цим було звернено увагу на взаємовзв’язок принципів авангардного мистецтва початку ХХ ст. та трансавангарду, котрий формується у 70-х – 80-х роках у більшості країн та характеризується певними регіональними особливостями. У дослідженні стверджується, що неоекспресіонізм або «фігуративний експресіонізм» як стилістична течія, став спільною рисою регіональних груп трансавангарду у 70-х – 80-х роках ХХ ст.: Arte Cifra (транс-авангард) в Італії, Figuration Libre у Франції, New Image Painting у США, Neue Wilde у Німеччині, Nowa Expression у Польщі. У статті зосереджується увага на причинах популярності та широкої вживаності стилістичних рис експресіонізму у мистецтві др. пол. ХХ ст., авангардної течії початку ХХ ст., котра виникає у пригніченій війною Німеччині. Зокрема, трансформувавши досвід раннього експресіонізму, котрий намагався максимально виразити суб’єктивні переживання мистця, використовуючи для цього колір, деформацію, лінеаризм, художники другої половини ХХ ст. посилюють ці тенденції, виражаючи їх по різному у абстрактному експресіонізмі (40–50-ті роки ХХ ст.) та неоекспресіонізмі (70–80-ті роки ХХ ст.). Особлива увага звертається на неоекспресіонізм, в межах якого відбувається повернення до фігуративного живопису. Неоекспресіонізм чи «фігуративний експресіонізм» можна вважати творчим методом транс-аванграду, тому часто зарубіжними дослідниками ці поняття вживаються як синоніми. Неоекспресіонізм, не дивлячись на ряд регіональних особливостей, має певні характеристики: крайній суб’єктивізм, міфологізація, застосування різних технік та їх поєднання, використання мистецьких традицій, але з метою надання інших сенсів, багатозначність, плюралізм, символізм в образотворенні. Новизною статті є представлення творчості українських заборонених художників групи «New Bend» – Миколи Трегуба та Вудона Баклицького в якості самобутнього варіанту неоекспресіонізму, котрий, завдяки силі духу та незламності митців нонконформістів, став величним мистецьким явищем в умовах соцреалізму. Відповідно, факт розвитку неоекспресіонізму в українському мистецтві 70-х – 80-х років, долучає вітчизняну художню культуру до світового транс-авангарду.
САКРАЛЬНИЙ ЛАНДШАФТ В ОБРАЗОТВОРЧОМУ МИСТЕЦТВІ ЕПОХИ ВІДРОДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Гнатюк Лілія Романівна
Published: August 2023

Розглянуто специфіку подачі сакрального ландшафту в мистецьких творах епохи Відродження. Представлено сакральний ландшафт, як особливу частину культурного ландшафту, сформовану духовним людським досвідом, тобто одухотворений, уявний простір, який допомагає передати зміст художнього твору. Визначено ландшафт також географічним феноменом, цей вид ландшафту створювався людьми традиційної культури за допомогою соціальних технологій управління навколишнім середовищем, а саме структуризації – спорудження мегалітичних ансамблів, до складу яких входили камені, поминально-жертовні комплекси, меморіали, скелі з езотеричною символікою) та «пожвавлення» або ієротопія (тобто за допомогою священнодійств. жертвопринесень, обрядових і церемоніальних дій). Проаналізовано вивчення теоретичних підходів до вивчення сакрального ландшафту, осмислення якісних характеристик цього історичного явища, історія розвитку класифікацій та дослідницьких парадигм. Ландшафт розглядається з позицій системного підходу і теорій самоорганізації та інтелектуального управління, тобто як «соціотехнічна система». Як вважає автор, системні освіти такого типу могли виникнути саме внаслідок цілеспрямованого керуючого впливу свідомості людей на природний ландшафт. Представлено роботи середньовічних митців в яких ландшафт відіграє формотворчу роль, що доповню та розкриває загальну композицію, відображає центрального героя, підкреслюю його часом життєписні моменти. Розгорнуто представлено ілюмінації-ілюстрації манускриптів зі збірки музею Гетті. Виявлено основні елементи композиції, представлені через зображення ландшафту як фону так і окремі елементи декорування рослинними патернами. Виявлено аспекти природи які викликають почуття.
ВРАХУВАННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНИХ ТА ЕРГОНОМІЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ПРИ СТВОРЕННІ ДИЗАЙНУ ПРОЄКТУ СУЧАСНОЇ ДИТЯЧОЇ ІГРАШКИ
Authors: Манчук Наталія
Published: August 2023

Статтю присвячено дослідженню проблеми досконалості дизайну дитячої іграшки, з огляду взаємозв’язку ергономічності та екологічності. Однією із важливих і соціально значущих умов для дизайнера є створення іграшок для дітей, де дизайн виступає важливою умовою підвищення ефективності створюваних іграшкових пропозицій. Актуальність даної проблематики полягає в підвищеній вимогливості до створення сучасних іграшок, їхній безпечності та практичності. Зазначено, що в умовах сучасної культури динамічно змінюється роль дитячих іграшок у вихованні підростаючого покоління та зазнає суттєвих змін за формою, змістом і методами реалізації цієї ролі, при цьому зберігаючи спрямованість на активізацію пізнавальних процесів, розвиток креативності та формування естетичного смаку. Акцентовано увагу на тому, що сучасна іграшка повинна бути привабливою, відповідати особливостям фізичного розвитку дитини, зручною в користуванні, гармонійною у пропорціях. Обґрунтовано, що головною роллю іграшки в дитячому середовищі є розвиток та виховання дитини. Іграшки вважається інструментом соціалізації, також вони сприяють передачі соціального та культурного досвіду. Визначено, що ергономічні властивості іграшок обумовлюють міру зручності користування ними, здійснення маніпулятивних операцій. Кожна іграшка є індивідуальною і їй притаманні окремі ергономічні показники. Зазначено актуальність створення дизайну сучасної дитячої іграшки з урахуванням екологічних та ергономічних показників. Проаналізовано основні критерії та вимоги щодо створення сучасної іграшки та графічно представлено власний проєкт дизайну дитячої іграшки та визначено її переваги. Наукова новизна полягає в комплексному розгляді й аналізі особливостей створення сучасної іграшки для розвитку дітей, здатного забезпечити екологічність та безпечність та розробці власного проєкту дизайну створення сучасної дитячої іграшки, яка буде практичною, безпечною та не нестиме шкоди для здоров’я і життя дитини. Практична значущість. Розроблений нами дизайн сучасної «Іграшки конструктора-пазла», дозволить забезпечити повноцінний розвиток розумових, творчих здібностей і особистісних якостей дитини. А також буде відповідати екологічності, ергономічності, естетичності, буде практичною у застосуванні батьками та педагогами, і найголовніше сприятиме психічному розвитку сучасної дитини.
Self-care Behavior and Associated Factors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors:   Faculty of Nursing, University of Indonesia, Indonesia, Saltar Laode , Sahar Junaiti ,   Faculty of Nursing, University of Indonesia, Indonesia, Rekawati Etty ,   Faculty of Nursing, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to explore perceptions, experiences, barriers, and support in performing self-care and to find out the factors associated with the self-care behavior of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. This exploration study used a two-phase sequential mixed-methods approach. A total of 12 participants were involved in Phase 1 (the qualitative study), with data analysis using the Colaizzi model steps. A total of 118 patients with T2DM were involved in Phase 2. Bivariate data analysis used Spearman correlation tests with a 95% confidence interval and significance set at p<0.05. Five themes were found in Phase 1 of the study: perceptions of diabetes self-management, blood sugar control efforts, blood sugar control barriers, perceived disturbances, and social support. A total of 59% of diabetes self-care behaviors were below the median. Significant correlations were found between diabetes self-care behavior and self-efficacy (p =0.000; r =0.662), quality of life (p =0.003; r =0.270), and family support (p =0.000; r =0.490). The self-care behavior of T2DM patients with symptoms of peripheral neuropathy was mostly poor. Self-efficacy, quality of life, and family support were related to self-care behavior. Appropriate, accessible, and sustainable program support is needed from policymakers to improve self-care behavior and related factors in T2DM patients with symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, peripheral neuropathy, self-care behavior, mixed-methods study
“It Is Food for The Soul...”: An Investigation on The Malaysian Intensive Care Nurses’ Perceptions of Spiritual Care
Authors:   Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia, Baharudin Ayuni Asma’ , Nurumal Mohd. Said ,   Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia
Published: August 2023

Evidence shows that critically ill patients and their family members have spiritual needs in the intensive care unit. Spirituality is an abstract concept in the clinical field. Its subjective nature makes the aspects of care that are provided by the clinicians suboptimal. This article is a preliminary report of a qualitative study that was conducted to explore the perceptions of the intensive care nurses on spirituality and the care that they gave to the patients and their family members. Interviews were conducted with nurses who worked in a 25-bed intensive care unit of a tertiary government hospital in Malaysia. Data from the discussions was recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to generate codes and themes. A total of 18 nurses were included in this study. The central theme, interfaith connection, emerged through three themes: 1) Spirituality and illness are interconnected to healing; 2) Classification of spiritual care interventions in the intensive care unit; and 3) Intercepting barriers. Conclusions Nurses deemed spiritual care beneficial to critically ill patients and their family members. Barriers to spiritual care can be overcome with a model of spirituality. Further research is needed to explore the experiences of the critically ill patients and their family members in receiving care in the intensive care unit, particularly in addressing their spiritual needs and ensuring their mental health. Further studies should also include the perceptions of other professionals in intensive care in order to develop a concise model of spirituality and spiritual care in the intensive care context. Keywords: Nursing, health, spirituality, religion, critical care, mental health
A Qualitative Study on Burnout and Compassion Fatigue among Counselors and Therapists
Authors:   Institute of Health Management and Research, India, Grewal Anjali , Roy Mrinmoy ,   Institute of Health Management and Research, India
Published: August 2023

Therapists and counselors are at high risk of developing secondary trauma, burnout, and compassion fatigue. Continuous exposure to the trauma and pain of patients can have a negative impact on the wellbeing of therapists. Burnout is a state of mental, physical, and emotional exhaustion brought on by accumulated stress. Compassion fatigue is a condition in which someone becomes numb to the suffering of others and is unable or less able to display empathy towards them. The World Health Organization defines burnout as an occupational phenomenon that should not be applied to describe experiences in other areas of life. Burnout is included in the International Classification of Diseases 11 as an occupational phenomenon resulting from unmanaged, chronic workplace stress. Professional burnout is a multidimensional condition that includes exhaustion, detachment, and professional efficiency (Maslach burnout inventory). When counselors and therapists experience burnout, their patients are also negatively affected. Understanding the extent and incidence of burnout and compassion fatigue among therapists and counselors is the study's principal goal. A qualitative method-based study including therapists and counselors based in Bangalore, India. Detailed, semi-structured face-to-face (online) interviews were conducted through open ended questions with the help of an interview guide based on social situation, economic situation, and personal characteristics. A thematic analysis was undertaken. The majority of them explained difficulties faced in compartmentalizing work and personal life in the initial years of work, economic and family responsibilities associated with burnout, empathizing with clients more due to similar personal experiences, increased workload, and the Jesus complex. Keywords: burnout, compassion fatigue, counselor, therapists, exhaustion
Cost Analysis of the Blood Collection at the Patient’s Home Compared with the Blood Collection at the Hospital
Authors:   Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Taerakul Tarit , Pongpirul Krit ,   Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Niramitmahapanya Sathit ,   College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand, Chaowaleard Ithirit ,   College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand, Yuphet Panida ,   College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand, Arsayot Krisana ,   College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand
Published: August 2023

The cost data of the home blood collection project was compared with the current blood collection service. Using direct and indirect cost data from full cost data, including output data for the number of outpatient services, and assessing the cost per unit cost or average cost of services together with the standard costing method of calculating the cost of medical services. Only the cost per unit of medical technology services, medical record and statistics services, and finance and accounting services were calculated. The cost per visit for blood collection services was 21.37 USD. The direct non-medical costs of the blood collection service at the hospital were 30.62 USD. The cost structure of the blood collection at the hospital is mostly fixed (95% of the total cost) and only 5 percent is variable, while the home service can save the cost by about 50% (the cost at the hospital is 30.62 USD, compared to 15.34 USD at home). So, the blood collection at home can reduce the patient's cost burden by 50 percent and the hospital’s cost by 5 percent, as well as being able to respond to the policy of reducing congestion in hospitals during the pandemic situation. Keywords: home lab service, Rajavithi Hospital, new normal, cost analysis
Contract and Capitalism for the Philosophical Sophisticate
Authors: Kreitner Roy
Published: August 2023

This review essay of Alan Brudner’s The Unity of the Common Law attempts to flesh out the role of markets in Brudner’s conception of contract law. The Unity of the Common Law aims to synthesize competing principles through a concept of dialogic community in which a public legal order realizes the individual’s claim to final end status. The review claims that the aspects of exchange that Brudner highlights as indispensable for the emergence of dialogic community only exist under advanced capitalism. It concludes by raising questions of how to evaluate the possible concurrence between capitalism and dialogic community.
Judgment, Communication, and Coercion: What’s Wrong with Private Prisons?
Authors: Thorburn Malcolm
Published: August 2023

This comment focuses on Harel’s argument of principle against the privatization of the state’s institutions of criminal punishment and of war-making. After summarizing what I take to be the core of that argument, I consider two objections as a way of suggesting that there is something missing in the way he makes the case against privatization. I then propose a different and more compelling sort of argument against the privatization of criminal punishment, based on a republican theory of government that Harel embraces elsewhere in the book.
Why Law Matters for Our Obligations
Authors: Binder Guyora
Published: August 2023

Political philosophers have long debated the problem of political and legal obligation: how the existence of a political community and its laws can affect our obligations. This paper applies Alon Harel’s argument that law has intrinsic value to this venerable problem. It interprets Harel’s argument as a Kantian claim that law enables us to treat our fellows with the respect they deserve, by requiring us not only to treat them decently, but to recognize decent treatment as their right.
Styron’s Nat: or, The Metaphysics of Presence
Authors: Tomlins Christopher
Published: August 2023

In 1967, the American novelist William Styron published his third major work of fiction, a book entitled The Confessions of Nat Turner. Styron’s Confessions represented itself as the autobiographical narrative of an African American slave, who in August 1831 had led a slave revolt in Southampton County, Virginia, not far from the Virginia Tidewater region where Styron himself had grown up. Both Turner and the revolt that bore his name were real enough. But for Styron the Turner of record was “a person of conspicuous ghastliness” with whom he wished to have no connection. So Styron invented his own Nat, inspired by “subtler motives” than those manifested by the historical Turner. In this essay I ask what called Styron’s fictive realities into being, and how they were crafted. I ask why he insisted his work was not a “historical novel” but a “meditation on history”—and why, despite his insistence, he could not explain what that meant. Finally, I ask whether it is possible to redeem Nat Turner from the effects of our attempts to “understand” him; whether, that is, he might achieve a historical presence of his own that is ever other than ghostly, or ever other than past.
The Legal Historian as Detective
Authors: Wilf Steven
Published: August 2023

Legal history is often depicted through evoking the metaphor of the magic mirror. This essay examines two series of detective novels by British author Sarah Caudwell and Israeli author Batya Gur which focus upon protagonists who themselves are legal historians and who deploy legal historical method. Caudwell’s sleuth, an Oxford scholar, seeks to uncover the details of crimes by using textual analysis. Gur’s detective, on the other hand, places homicides in their context and solves these murders by detecting those social norms which are so critical to a closed society that their violation might lead to violence. By using these novels themselves as a mirror it is possible to probe the promise and limitations of legal historical method. If, as the metaphor of the magic mirror suggests, law mirrors society, legal history serves as a looking glass for legal norms, and the fictional cosmos constructed by Caudwell and Gur reflects in its glass legal historical method, what can we learn about legal history as a narrative technology? And what happens when—as is the case in the last novels of both mystery series--the methods collapse, and neither the technic of text nor context adequately captures the complexity of the past?
“I Hear No Things Laid to My Charge”: Aurality in Anne Hutchinson’s Trial Transcript
Authors: Goodman Nan
Published: August 2023

This essay uses the power of aesthetics to explain a controversial moment in early American law: Anne Hutchinson’s confession toward the end of her 1637 trial in the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony that she had experienced an “immediate revelation” from God “by the voice of his own spirit to my soul.” Far from being an aberration in a trial that was otherwise trending in her favor, as most critics suggest, Hutchinson's revelation, this paper argues, when read aesthetically and with an emphasis on the auditory sense, marks a crisis not between church and state or between religion and the law, but within the early modern legal approach to aurality.
Early-Modern Rights Regimes: A Genealogy of Revolutionary Rights
Authors: Edelstein Dan
Published: August 2023

Most histories of early-modern rights focus on particular concepts of rights: for instance, notions of subjective vs. objective right, or on the presence/absence of particular rights (e.g., self-preservation). But focusing on specific rights has led scholars to pay less attention to what happens to rights as a whole when individuals enter into a political state, and also to miss the fact that historical actors tended to think about rights within broader conceptual regimes. In this paper, I identify three major early-modern rights regimes: the abridgment regime, which emphasizes the abandonment or alienation of rights (e.g., Hobbes); the transfer regime, in which natural rights are transferred to the state, and can only be retrieved under specific conditions (e.g., Spinoza and Locke); and the preservation regime, which insists that we should be able to enjoy the individual exercise of our natural rights even under government (e.g., Jefferson). After laying out the historical origins and conceptual bases of these regimes, I sketch a brief history of their respective trajectories between the early sixteenth and the late eighteenth centuries, focusing in particular on the rather curious and contingent reasons why the preservation regime shot to success after the 1760s.
Immigrants Outside the Law: President Obama, Discretionary Executive Power, and Regime Change
Authors: Volpp Leti
Published: August 2023

In November, 2014, President Barack Obama announced the creation of DAPA, a program which instructed executive branch officials to exercise their administrative discretion to defer the deportation of eligible applicants. The President’s announcement was met with a firestorm of controversy. Critics charged that, by altering the legal regime from one in which undocumented immigrants were to be deported to one of “executive amnesty,” the President had exceeded his authority, turning him into an “emperor” or a “king.” The President’s supporters saw no such regime change, insisting that the President was acting fully within his executive authority. Understanding this debate requires one both to delve into the complicated legal context, and to look beyond legal doctrine. The firestorm of controversy reflected broader concerns about discretionary executive power and the law, linked to anxiety regarding the sovereign’s head of state as “he who decides on the state of exception.” It also derived from specific concerns about President Obama as the embodiment of the sovereign: his racialized body, depicted as illegitimate and foreign, furthered the perception of his policies as illegal. Lastly, the fact that undocumented immigrants are not perceived as members of the body politic helped to produce this vision of DAPA as lawless regime change. In this telling, the sovereign actor, the beneficiaries of his action, and the act itself are all cast as illegitimate through a mutually reinforcing logic; all are exceptions that stand “outside the law.”
The Legitimate Scope of Criminal Law: A Question for Legal History?
Authors: Kerr Lisa
Published: August 2023

Lindsay Farmer argues that criminal law theory is too abstract and decontextualized to achieve the task it sets for itself. In order to articulate the legitimate boundaries of criminal law, theorists must consider specific legal rules in historical context. Farmer declines to announce a new, universal theory of the proper scope of criminal law, but he shows that studying the institutions and social functions of criminal law over time can generate normative insights. This review uses the example of prostitution to explore these claims. The changing cultural figure of the sex worker—from public nuisance, to autonomous free agent, to vulnerable and in need of protection—has figured in both the contraction and expansion of criminal law. Equally significant to prostitution debates is Farmer’s claim that criminal law emerged as a branch of public law, rather than through state appropriation of private vengeance.
Vertical, Horizontal, Backwards, Forwards
Authors: Lernestedt Claes
Published: August 2023

This review essay on Lindsay Farmer’s Making the Modern Criminal Law: Criminalization and Civil Order begins by discussing a few issues related to the identity of the “civilizer,” as this figure comes (and—it is argued—partly doesn’t come) to life in the book. It next considers the (at times) strongly forward-looking ambitions tied to construction and application of the rules for ascription of responsibility, as well as the recent ambitions, among writers on criminal law, to build a partly free-standing “system” of criminal law that includes a theory of criminalization.
The Meta-Significance of Criminal Responsibility
Authors: Loughnan Arlie
Published: August 2023

Criminal responsibility now forms the subject matter of a rich and deep vein of criminal law theory. Taking up Farmer’s exhortation to reflectivity in criminal legal scholarship, this article suggests that the prominent scholarly profile of criminal responsibility is a product of its particular qualities as an object of academic study, over and above its role in the criminal law. The significance of criminal responsibility in/for criminal law theory, which I call the meta-significance of criminal responsibility, has two aspects, corresponding to two of its qualities as an object of study. I suggest that, with synthetic and talismanic qualities, criminal responsibility has particular meaning both within and beyond the bounds of criminal legal theory.
Making the Modern Criminal Law: A Response
Authors: Farmer Lindsay
Published: August 2023

In this short response, I address some of the general themes that have been raised by the commentators. I discuss these under three main heads. These are, first, the relationship between descriptive and normative accounts of the criminal law; second, the meaning of civil order and its place in my argument, and; third, an explanation for my focus on certain types of offenses in the analysis of the special part of the criminal law.
Affording Fundamental Rights: A Provocation Inspired by Mireille Hildebrandt
Authors: Cohen Julie E.
Published: August 2023

Mireille Hildebrandt’s Smart Technologies and the End(s) of Law (2015) raises questions for law that are best characterized as meta-institutional. This review essay considers the implications of Hildebrandt’s work for the conceptualization of fundamental rights. One consequence of the shift to a world in which smart digital technologies continually, immanently mediate and preempt our beliefs and choices is that legal discourses about fundamental rights are revealed to be incomplete along a dimension that we have simply failed to recognize. To remain effective in the digital age, rights discourse requires extension into the register of affordances.
Hildebrandt’s Onlife World: Public Goods, Design and Politics
Authors: Raab Charles D.
Published: August 2023

This article draws attention to some important themes in Hildebrandt’s book and refers to other literature that adds to their practical importance. It highlights the way in which social relationships may be understood in terms of private, social and public spheres. Discussing “inbetween” phenomena as seen analogously in defensible-space physical design, and the concepts of “affordance” and “resilience,” it considers the importance of these concepts to the design of an onlife infrastructure preserving the Rule of Law. It asks whether the scenario of an individual’s situation in the “smart” environment leaves undeveloped the possibility of an onlife politics in the face of novel and threatening developments.
Making Historical Sense of Responsibility
Authors: Blumenthal Susanna L.
Published: August 2023

This review essay centers on the relationship between history and theory in Nicola Lacey’s In Search of Criminal Responsibility. Placing Lacey’s work in the context of recent methodological debates within the field of legal history, it is argued that her emphasis on the contingency of responsibility is in significant tension with the causal story the book tells and the broader normative aims it seeks to further. Questions are also raised about the criteria of accountability that Lacey insists must govern the relationship between social phenomena and their theoretical conceptualization, with particular attention drawn to her own schema, which does not fully capture the religious and psychological stakes of everyday adjudication about the subject of responsibility. It is suggested by way of conclusion that the historical roots of contemporary problems such as over-criminalization and mass incarceration are best located in the liberal legal model of the responsible self rather than any particular configuration of responsibility-attribution.
In Search of Connections: Reading Between the Lines of Nicola Lacey’s In Search of Criminal Responsibility
Authors: Cowan Sharon
Published: August 2023

Through the lens of feminist legal theory, this essay aims to draw out the connections between Nicola Lacey’s In Search of Criminal Responsibility and her other work, and that of interlocutors on issues relating to law and gender. Lacey’s work, is placed into conversation with a broader community of ideas that challenge dominant discourses, not only in theory, but also in academic institutions and practices themselves. In doing so, the essay highlights the importance of taking critical approaches to law—and life—seriously.
Online Reputation and the Regulation of Information Asymmetries in the Platform Economy
Authors: Ranchordás Sofia
Published: August 2023

In recent years, online rating and reputational mechanisms have become increasingly important in the regulation of behavior in the platform economy. Consumers tend to rely on online reviews to distinguish between service providers both in the business-to-consumer and the peer-to-peer economy. The European Commission and the Federal Trade Commission, as well as a strand of legal scholarship, have praised these online mechanisms for generating valuable information while reducing market failures and consumer risks. However, this position has overlooked evidence suggesting that the additional data provided by online reputation might not be able to address information asymmetries and manage risks due to the multiple shortcomings of existing online reputational mechanisms. In this article, I discuss the regulatory potential of online reputational feedback and offer a nuanced reflection on the traditional assumption that the availability of more information in the market reduces the need for public regulation. I suggest a co-regulatory framework for the regulation of online reputation that could help promote the transparency and trustworthiness of these informal enforcement mechanisms.
Editor’s Note, or a Weakly Normative Queer Legal Theory of Litotes
Authors: Fischel Joseph J.
Published: August 2023

This Note describes and softly prescribes a queer legal theoretic sensibility, a sensibility receptive to and promotional of legal regimes least inhospitable to gender pluralism and erotic flourishing. The sensibility accretes from first, the costs of law (or the fact that laws have costs), and second, the author’s peculiar affection for his high school Latin teacher’s habitus. The Note overviews the contributions of this issue of CAL, highlighting the essays’ emphases on ungay queer subjects as well as the queerness of sexual violence politics.
Chester Brown and the Queerness of Johns
Authors: Khan Ummni
Published: August 2023

Sex trade clients have become a contested identity in academia and mainstream media. Some construct clients as exploitative and inherently deviant, while others destigmatize them as complex and varied. Regardless of one’s position, almost all of the discourse is authored by non-clients (or those who do not identify as clients). Chester Brown’s Paying For It: A Comic-Strip Memoir About Being a John marks an autobiographical intervention into the literature. In this 2011 Canadian memoir, Brown chronicles his journey from being a monogamous boyfriend to becoming a client of multiple sex workers.

This article uses Paying For It to situate Brown, and sex trade clients in general, as queer subjects in their rejection of relational normativity and engagement with criminalized consensual sexuality. Part I surveys the changing construction of sex trade clients from ordinary to deviant men, and reviews scholarship that reads sex work as queer activity. Part II begins by analyzing comics as a genre teeming with queerness. It then queers Brown by considering both aesthetic choices and depicted life episodes, with a focus on his rejection of romantic labor, and fostering of alternative kinship arrangements.
Taking the Long View: The Business of News and the Limits of Copyright
Authors: Sauter Will
Published: August 2023

In response to the five commentaries in this symposium, this essay revisits and expands upon some of the central claims of Who Owns the News? A History of Copyright (2019). The essay discusses the chronological scope of the book in relation to contemporary debates about legal protection for news, and considers some of the questions that could be explored further, such as the rights and bargaining power of journalists and the tension between copyright law and freedom of expression. In light of the recent adoption by the European Union of a new IP right for press publishers, the essay recalls previous historical moments in which news publishers have claimed that existing copyright laws were insufficient to protect their investments, the special remedies that they proposed, and the political and cultural arguments used to oppose their efforts. Taking the long view shows that news has almost never paid for itself, meaning that some form of subsidy is needed. But history also reveals the distinctive features of news publications that distinguish them from other fact-based works, suggesting some of the limitations of copyright as an incentive for journalism.
Plague Intimacies, Queer Care, and the Biopolitics of Human Rights
Authors: Richards Jill
Published: August 2023

This essay meditates on the archives produced by COVID-19, beginning with statistical renderings of contagion and death appearing in the daily news. My turn to a medical archive allows for a closer consideration of the biopolitics of human rights, both in our present moment and as part of a longer history of racial violence. At the same time, the medical archive offers an opening to consider the kinds of intimacies and queer forms of care that emerge in a plague year. These reflections develop in conversation with the forum’s excel-lent interlocutors, whose responses I take up one by one.
Reconstruction of Temporality and the Rule of Law: The Never-Ending Transition in El Secreto de sus Ojos
Authors: González-Jácome Jorge , Parra-Herrera Nicolás
Published: August 2023

This article argues that expectations about transitional justice contribute to widespread ideas in mainstream comparative law contending that Latin American law has failed. We believe that these expectations are the result of understanding transitional justice as a mythological narrative that aims to interrupt time. To criticize this perspective, we “read” the 2009 Argentine film El Secreto de sus Ojos (The Secret in their Eyes) underscoring how the movie questions the notion that transitions break with the past. El Secreto de sus Ojos showcases a nonlinear reconstruction of time, its non-progressive ascension, and the continuity of the past in the present: the past-as-present. Following this cue, we question how the movie’s understanding of a Latin American legal system evidences a blind spot of mainstream transitional justice discourse. Our analysis thus challenges assumptions about the law in the Global South, offers a nuanced and reconstructed cultural understanding of law through its relationship with time, and proposes to use films as sites of critique for assumptions about time and space in comparative law.
Becoming a Nonperson: Conceptualizing the Departed, Missing, and Absent
Authors: Zigarovich Jolene
Published: August 2023

Daniel Heller-Roazen’s Absentees impressively demonstrates the global treatment of personhood and legal bodies. Probing culturally rich sources such as ancient myths and popular culture items such as children’s games, Heller-Roazen makes a provocative and compelling argument about how we classify existence and experience loss of others. Heller-Roazen theorizes that while the legal state of the missing has temporal limits, and disallows perpetual absence, literature provides a space for the missing to speak for themselves, to testify to their disappearances, and to recount the troubled conditions of their return. In its philosophical inquiry into nonpersonhood and the literary journeys of the missing, Absentees produces a splendid journey of its own through the marginal and at times hauntingly poetic spaces created by the temporarily absent body.
Corporate Personhood as the New Leviathan
Authors: Apter Emily
Published: August 2023

This essay situates Lisa Siraganian’s important book, Modernism and the Meaning of Corporate Persons, within the law and literature field and in relation to the more specialized subfields of literature and liberalism, legalism, and critical race studies of fugitive property. It discusses Siraganian’s nuanced account of corporate personhood, exploring its implications for legal arguments pertaining to fetal personhood post-Dobbs, and for broader political struggles over dignity, recognition, due process, and bodily autonomy.
Historicizing the Analytics of Corporate Meaning
Authors: Kreitner Roy
Published: August 2023

This review essay of Lisa Siraganian’s Modernism and the Meaning of Corporate Persons reflects on the relationship between two sets of questions. The first set deals with the analytics of corporate intention; the second, with the role of the corporation in modern society. Modernism and the Meaning of Corporate Persons highlights the grappling of modernist art with the analytical questions. The review claims that modernism’s attention to the historically specific role of the corporation in society was no less crucial. Indeed, much of the energy and power of modernism’s engagement with the corporation lay in its resistance to capitalism.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMP
Authors: Suryawati Suryawati , Hasbi M , Suri Murnia , Kurniawati Sulis
Published: August 2023

Keterampilan peserta didik dalam mengkomunikasikan ide-ide matematikanya dengan berbagai cara belum memenuhi harapan. Penting bagi guru mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa, karena hal tersebut dapat menjadi tantangan bagi guru untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa, baik dengan memperbaiki gaya belajar, menumbuhkan suasana belajar, maupun menggunakan model pembelajaran yang tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan faktorfaktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa. Subjek penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 orang siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Wih Pesam yang terletak di Kabupaten Bener Meriah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan wawancara. Data dianalisis menggunakan pendekata kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan komunikasi lisan siswa adalah teman belajar, kepercayaan diri, malu, gugup, suasana pembelajaran berkelompok, waktu dilaksanakannya pembelajaran, dan gender. Sedangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan komunikasi tulis siswa adalah tidak mampu menuliskan informasi yang diketahui dan ditanya pada soal, kurang fokus dalam belajar sehingga tidak mengerti materi yang diajarkan, tingkat kesulitan soal, dam ketenangan dalam mengerjakan soal.Kata Kunci: Kemampuan komunikasi matematis, faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan komunikasi matematis. Factors Affecting the Communication ofMathematical Ability for Junior High School StudentsThe skill of students in communicating their mathematical ideas in various ways have not met the expectations. It is important for teachers to know the factors that affect students’ mathematical communication abilities, because this can be a challenge for teachers to improve students’ mathematical communication skills either by improving learning styles, fostering a learning or using appropriate learning models. The purpose of this research is to describe the factors that influence students’ mathematical communication abilities. The subjects of this study consisted of 4 students of class VIII SMP Negeri 2 Wih Pesam located in Bener Meriah Regency. Data Collection techniques used are observation and interviews. Data were analyzed using a qualitative approach. The results showed that the factors that influenced students’ oral communication skills were study partners, self-confidence, shyness, nervousness, group learning atmosphere, time of study and gender. While the factors that affect students’ written communication skills are not being able to write down information that is known and asked about questions, lack of focus on learning, so they do not understand the material being taught, the level of difficulty of the questions and calmness in working on the questions.Keywords: Mathematical communication skills, factors influenced communication skills
Efektivitas Alokasi Dana Desa Dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Desa Kacaribu Kecamatan Kabanjahe Kabupaten Karo
Authors: Keloko Ragil Kurniawan , Siahaan Asima Yanty S
Published: August 2023

Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) merupakan dana yang diberikan oleh pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota dalam pembangunan fisik ataupun non fisik kepada desa. Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) non fisik berupa pemberdayaan masyarakat yang tujuannya mensejahterahkan baik dari segi perekonomian ataupun peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia yang pada awalnya kurang sejahtera menjadi sejahtera dan dapat berkembang dalam sumber daya manusia. Desa Kacaribu mempunyai program pemberdayaan masyarakat yaitu program-program yang menggunakan Alokasi Dana Desa meliputi program-program yang telah direncanakan seperti Bantuan langsung kepada Balita dan lansia, kegiatan Gotong-Royong, Pelatihan Karang Taruna dan Pelatihan Adat-Istiadat di Desa Kacaribu. Metode yang digunakan adalah  metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, ) dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Desa Kacaribu belum efektif dilihat pencapaian tujuan yaitu transparansi dan sasaran kebijakan dimana  transparansi kepada masyarakat kurang terbuka dan masyarakat yang seharusnya mendapatkan bantuan malah tidak mendapatkan bantuan tersebut.Kata kunci: Efektivitas, Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD), Masyarakat, PemberdayaanThe Village Fund Allocation (ADD) is a fund provided by the district/city government in physical or non-physical development to the village. Non-physical Village Fund Allocation (ADD) is in the form of community empowerment with the aim of prospering both in terms of the economy or improving the quality of human resources who were initially less prosperous to become prosperous and able to develop in human resources. Kacaribu Village has community empowerment programs, namely programs that use Village Fund Allocations including planned programs such as direct assistance to toddlers and the elderly, mutual assistance activities, Youth Organization Training and Customs Training in Kacaribu Village. The method used is descriptive qualitative research method, in Community Empowerment in Kacaribu Village has not been effective in terms of achieving the goals, namely transparency and policy targets where transparency to the community is less open and people who should receive assistance do not receive the assistance.Keywords: Effectiveness, Village Fund Allocation (ADD), Community, Empowerment