bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An NDN Cache-Optimization Strategy Based on Dynamic Popularity and Replacement Value
Authors: Zha Yuli , Cui Pengshuai , Hu Yuxiang , Xue Lei , Lan Julong , Wang Yu
Published: September 2022

Aiming at examining the problems of the low cache hit ratio and high-average routing hops in named data networking (NDN), this paper proposes a cache-optimization strategy based on dynamic popularity and replacement value. When the requested content arrives at the routing node, the latest popularity is calculated based on the number of requests in the current cycle and the popularity of the previous cycle. We adjust the node cache threshold according to the occupation of the node cache space and cache the content with a higher popularity than the threshold. When the cache is complete, the cache-optimization strategy considers the last request time, popularity, and transmission cost of cached content to calculate the replacement value of cached content. We move the content with the lowest replacement value out of the cache, and keep the content with a high replacement value. We deploy the proposed cache-optimization strategy by using a programmable language in a real network with programmable devices. The experimental results illustrate that the strategy proposed in this paper can effectively improve the cache hit ratio and reduce the average routing hops for user request responses compared with other traditional NDN caching strategies.
A Comprehensive Survey of Energy-Efficient MAC and Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Khan Zahid Ullah , Gang Qiao , Muhammad Aman , Muzzammil Muhammad , Khan Sajid Ullah , Affendi Mohammed El , Ali Gauhar , Ullah Imdad , Khan Javed
Published: September 2022

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have become highly efficient in performing different operations in oceanic environments. Compared to terrestrial wireless sensor networks (TWSNs), MAC and routing protocols in UWSNs are prone to low bandwidth, low throughput, high energy consumption, and high propagation delay. UWSNs are located remotely and do not need to operate with any human involvement. In UWSNs, the majority of sensor batteries have limited energy and very difficult to replace. The uneven use of energy resources is one of the main problems for UWSNs, which reduce the lifetime of the network. Therefore, an energy-efficient MAC and routing techniques are required to address the aforementioned challenges. Several important research projects have been tried to realize this objective by designing energy-efficient MAC and routing protocols to improve efficient data packet routing from Tx anchor node to sensor Rx node. In this article, we concentrate on discussing about different energy-efficient MAC and routing protocols which are presently accessible for UWSNs, categorize both MAC and routing protocols with a new taxonomy, as well as provide a comparative discussion. Finally, we conclude by presenting various current problems and research difficulties for future research.
Top 10 Differences between Machine Learning Engineers and Data Scientists
Authors: Necula Sabina-Cristiana , Strîmbei Cătălin
Published: September 2022

Data science and machine learning are subjects largely debated in practice and in mainstream research. Very often, they are overlapping due to their common purpose: prediction. Therefore, data science techniques mix with machine earning techniques in their mutual attempt to gain insights from data. Data contains multiple possible predictors, not necessarily structured, and it becomes difficult to extract insights. Identifying important or relevant features that can help improve the prediction power or to better characterize clusters of data is still debated in the scientific literature. This article uses diverse data science and machine learning techniques to identify the most relevant aspects which differentiate data science and machine learning. We used a publicly available dataset that describes multiple users who work in the field of data engineering. Among them, we selected data scientists and machine learning engineers and analyzed the resulting dataset. We designed the feature engineering process and identified the specific differences in terms of features that best describe data scientists and machine learning engineers by using the SelectKBest algorithm, neural networks, random forest classifier, support vector classifier, cluster analysis, and self-organizing maps. We validated our model through different statistics. Better insights lead to better classification. Classifying between data scientists and machine learning engineers proved to be more accurate after features engineering.
Automatic Modulation Classification with Neural Networks via Knowledge Distillation
Authors: Wang Shuai , Liu Chunwu
Published: September 2022

Deep learning is used for automatic modulation recognition in neural networks, and because of the need for high classification accuracy, deeper and deeper networks are used. However, these are computationally very expensive for neural network training and inference, so its utility in the case of a mobile with memory limitations or weak computational power is questionable. As a result, a trade-off between network depth and network classification accuracy must be considered. To address this issue, we used a knowledge distillation method in this study to improve the classification accuracy of a small network model. First, we trained Inception–Resnet as a teacher network, which has a size of 311.77 MB and a final peak classification accuracy of 93.09%. We used the method to train convolutional neural network 3 (CNN3) and increase its peak classification accuracy from 79.81 to 89.36%, with a network size of 0.37 MB. It was also used similarly to train mini Inception–Resnet and increase its peak accuracy from 84.18 to 93.59%, with a network size of 39.69 MB. When we compared all classification accuracy peaks, we discover that knowledge distillation improved small networks and that the student network had the potential to outperform the teacher network. Using knowledge distillation, a small network model can achieve the classification accuracy of a large network model. In practice, choosing the appropriate student network based on the constraints of the usage conditions while using knowledge distillation (KD) would be a way to meet practical needs.
A Symmetric Matrix-Aided MIMO to Improve Reliability for Maritime Visible Light Communications
Authors: Zhang You , Feng Yan , Zhang Lin , Wu Zhiqiang
Published: September 2022

Turbulence in natural environments affects the reliability of communication. In this paper, we propose a symmetric matrix-assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) maritime visible light communication (VLC) system to confront turbulence and improve reliability. In our design, by exploiting the repeatability of elements in the symmetric matrix, the matrix can expand the Euclidean distance between signals and effectively restrains the interference between signals, thus improving the reliability of maritime VLC systems. In addition, we derive the theoretical symbol error rate (SER) of the proposed scheme. Then, simulation results are provided to validate the theoretical SER. In addition, the SER performances of the proposed system are compared with the three benchmark schemes of repetitive coding (RC), spatial modulation (SM), and spatial multiplexing (SMP), and the transmission performances in VLC systems with different link distances, water qualities, and wind speeds are also investigated. The proposed symmetric matrix-assisted MIMO maritime VLC system can combat interferences effectively and enhance reliability performance.
Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter Power Control under Unbalanced Grid Conditions Using a Time-Domain Symmetrical Components Extraction Method
Authors: Alathamneh Mohammad , Ghanayem Haneen , Yang Xingyu , Nelms R. M.
Published: September 2022

Presented in this paper is a method of bidirectional real and reactive power control of a three-phase grid-connected inverter under unbalanced grid situations. Unbalanced three-phase load and unbalanced grid impedance are illustrations of unbalanced grid issues that have been investigated. As a result, both grid currents and point-of-common-coupling (PCC) voltages will be unbalanced. The real and reactive power that is delivered to the grid oscillates by a significant amount in these unbalanced conditions. A time-domain symmetrical components extraction approach is used to calculate the inverter’s reference currents from the negative- and zero-sequence components of the measured currents. The suggested approach corrects unbalanced grid currents and unbalanced PCC voltages, and provides the desired real and reactive power to the grid when unbalanced situations exist. As a consequence, power oscillations will be eliminated, and power control will be possible. The suggested method’s performance is supported by simulation, and various experimental results are obtained utilizing the dSPACE DS1202 real-time interface platform.
Application of the Source Term Method and Fan-Shaped Hole for Cooling Performance Improvement in a High-Pressure Turbine
Authors: Jun Sangook , Rhee Dong-Ho , Kang Young Seok , Chung Heeyoon , Kim Jae-Hwan
Published: September 2022

This study presents the arrangement design of the cooling hole and the application of a fan-shaped hole to improve the cooling performance of the high-pressure turbine. To this end, the first stage nozzle vane of the energy efficient engine (E3) was selected as the base model, and for efficient design, the source term method, called the injection region, was applied for producing the effect of the cooling flow when the RANS analysis was performed. At this time, because the cooling flow rate also changed when the location of the cooling hole changed, a neural network model was constructed to predict the cooling flow rate for the location of the cooling hole. Design optimization was performed to improve the film cooling effectiveness and the temperature uniformity on the vane surface using the streamwise location of the cooling hole as a design variable, and then the cooling performance was investigated by applying several fan-shaped holes instead of cylinder holes on the pressure side. As a result, the final design was obtained, which improved the film cooling effectiveness by 4.1%p and temperature uniformity by 0.7% compared with the base model.
Review of Energy Challenges and Horizons of Hydrogen City Buses
Authors: Vodovozov Valery , Raud Zoja , Petlenkov Eduard
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses fuel cell electric vehicles and, more specifically, the challenges and development of hydrogen-fueled buses for people accessing this transportation in cities and urban environments. The study reveals the main innovations and challenges in the field of hydrogen bus deployment, and identifies the most common approaches and errors in this area by extracting and critically appraising data from sources important to the energy perspective. Three aspects of the development and horizons of fuel cell electric buses are reviewed, namely energy consumption, energy efficiency, and energy production. The first is associated with the need to ensure a useful and sustainable climate-neutral public transport. Herewith, the properties of the hydrogen supply of electric buses and their benefits over gasoline, gas, and battery vehicles are discussed. The efficiency issue is related to the ratio of consumed and produced fuel in view of energy losses. Four types of engines–gasoline, diesel, gas, and electrical–are evaluated in terms of well-to-wheel, tank-to-wheel, delivery, and storage losses. The third problem arises from the production, operating, and disposal constraints of the society at the present juncture. Several future-oriented initiatives of the European Commission, separate countries, and companies are described. The study shows that the effectiveness of the FCEBs depends strongly on the energy generation used to produce hydrogen. In the countries where the renewables are the main energy sources, the FCEBs are effective. In other regions they are not effective enough yet, although the future horizons are quite broad.
Review of Possibilities for Evaluating the Performance of an Organization in the Aspect of Greenness
Authors: Skačkauskienė Ilona , Smirnova Juliana
Published: September 2022

Due to the increasing relevance and importance of sustainable development pursuit, it can be assumed that organizations are striving to develop in a green direction. This is not only related to raising awareness of modern society but also to legal regulation and strategic documents for achieving the goals of sustainable development at the international level, especially affecting certain fields of activity such as energy or manufacturing. It is noticed that there is still a lack of definition in the scientific literature of what kind of organization is considered green. Therefore, it is appropriate to create a green organization benchmark against which organizations can assess their current level of greenness and identify areas for improvement. This research aimed to choose the most suitable approach for developing a green organization benchmark by examining the methods for evaluating an organization’s performance in terms of greenness according to defined attributes. Applying the methods of systematic and comparative analysis of scientific literature and strategic documents, content analysis, grouping, and synthesis, it was determined that the approach of resources of an organization can be considered the most suitable for creating a green organization benchmark. However, it is reasonable to supplement it with an evaluation of external environmental factors.
Economical Optimum Gas Allocation Model Considering Different Types of Gas-Lift Performance Curves
Authors: Zhong Haiquan , Zhao Chengjie , Xu Zhiyu , Zheng Chuangen
Published: September 2022

The traditional optimum modes of gas-lift production are usually established by taking the injected gas rate as a decision variable and maximum oil production as the objective function. After solving the model, the injected gas rates of single wells are obtained, and then the oil productions of single wells, the total oil productions of well groups and economic profit can be obtained. However, the models do not take both different types of gas-lift performance curves (GLPCs) and the cost factors of gas-lift production technique into account. On the basis of GLPCs, this paper introduces the factors of a gas-lift production technique, which includes the water cut of crude oil, cost of gas injection and water treatment, and oil and gas prices. The concept of a gas-lift economic performance curve (GLEPC) is proposed, and an optimum gas allocation model is established, considering different types of GLPCs and taking economic benefits as the objective, and the model is solved by the method of mixed penalty function. Taking gas-lift well group JD as an example, four gas-lift gas allocation schemes are obtained, and the proposed economical optimum model is applied to optimize gas allocation and analyze profit. What is more, the oil production rate and the result of optimum gas allocation taking maximum oil production rate as the objective in the model are calculated and compared. Then the gas allocation scheme with maximum economical profit is selected, and the significance of considering different types of GLPCs and taking economic benefits as the objective to gas allocation is confirmed.
Application of Comprehensive Evaluation in New-Product-Development Evaluation: The Case of Landscape-Architectural Outdoor Wooden Furnishing
Authors: Cui Xiaolei , Ge Mengting , Shen Xiwei
Published: September 2022

Successful new product development (NPD) is critical for modern outdoor wooden furnishing (OWF) manufacturing companies to achieve competitive success, since current users have the serious requirements of aesthetics, materials and environmental quality. Identifying the competitive performance of a product in development is an effective means to minimize the risk of failure. However, the literature reviews of the comprehensive evaluation (CE) model for OWF NPD are very rare. In this study, the CE method that applies three steps, which include constructing evaluation criteria, establishing a trapezoidal fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and proposing a CE model is applied to assess the performance of a product in development and to minimize the risk of product failure in the market. The study aims to propose a CE approach for OWF NDP, which utilizes multiple methods that incorporate a literature review, questionnaire, Delphi method and fuzzy trapezoidal AHP. Finally, an integrated CE model is proposed to measure the competitive performance of NPD. A case study of a series of OWF in Harbin Pingfang Park, China is presented to illustrate the feasibility of the model. The result demonstrates that the proposed method predicts the performance of a product in development objectively and comprehensively. This evaluation method, being an assessment tool, can help designers and decision makers make better decisions and will predict the competitive performance of a product so as to reduce the risk of economic losses, not merely depending on previous experience and personal expectation.
Modulation of Intestinal Flora by Dietary Polysaccharides: A Novel Approach for the Treatment and Prevention of Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Xinzhou , Zhang Xin
Published: September 2022

Intestinal flora is numerous and diverse, and play a key role in maintaining human health. Dietary polysaccharides are widely present in the daily diet and have a moderating effect on the intestinal flora. Past studies have confirmed that intestinal flora is involved in the metabolic process in the human body, and the change in intestinal flora structure is closely related to the metabolic disorders in the human body. Therefore, regulating intestinal flora through dietary polysaccharides is an effective way to treat and prevent common metabolic diseases and has great research value. However, this area has not received enough attention. In this review, we provide an overview of the modulatory effects of dietary polysaccharides on intestinal flora and the key role of intestinal flora in improving metabolic disorders in humans. In addition, we highlight the therapeutic and preventive effects of intestinal flora modulation through dietary polysaccharides on metabolic disorders, aiming to find new ways to treat metabolic disorders and facilitate future exploration in this field.
Analysis of Water Distribution and Muscle Quality of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Chunks Based on Electron-Beam Irradiation
Authors: Li Hai-Lan , Li Mei-Jin , Zhao Qing , Huang Jia-Jun , Zu Xiao-Yan
Published: September 2022

Electron-beam irradiation (EBI) is an efficient, safe, and nonthermal sterilization technique that is extensively used in food preservation research. Here we report the effects of different EBI doses (0, 4, 8 kGy) and preservation temperatures (room temperature [RT], 4 °C) on the muscle water distribution and muscle quality indices of silver carp chunks (SCCs). The highest entrapped water content was found in the 4-kGy-irradiated/4-°C-stored samples. The expressible moisture content (EMC) of the SCCs increased with increasing irradiation dose and was significantly lower in the RT group than in the 4 °C group. The irradiation dose and preservation temperature had no significant effect on the moisture content, whiteness value and protein content of SCCs (p > 0.05). When the irradiation dose reached 8 kGy, AV value, POV value and TVB value were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The myofibrillar protein content and actomyosin content of the SCCs in the 4 °C group was higher than that of the specimens in the RT group by 0.29–0.98 mg/mL (p < 0.05) and 36.21–296.58 μg/mL (p < 0.05), respectively. Overall, EBI treatment (4 kGy) and low-temperature preservation (4 °C) helped retain the muscle water content of the SCCs and preserve their quality, thereby endorsing the EBI treatment of silver carp products.
Characterization of the Key Aroma Compounds of Shandong Matcha Using HS-SPME-GC/MS and SAFE-GC/MS
Authors: Luo Ying , Zhang Yazhao , Qu Fengfeng , Wang Peiqiang , Gao Junfeng , Zhang Xinfu , Hu Jianhui
Published: September 2022

Shandong matcha has the quality characteristics of bright green color, seaweed-like aroma and strong, fresh and brisk taste. In order to identify the characteristic aroma components and clarify the contribution of the grinding process to the aroma of Shandong matcha. Three grades of Shandong matcha and corresponding tencha material were firstly tested with sensory evaluation, and the volatile components were extracted with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and analyzed using GC–MS. The sensory evaluation results showed that high-grade matcha (M-GS) had prominent seaweed-like, fresh and roasted notes, whereas medium and low-grade matcha (M-G1, M-G2) were gradually coupled with grassy, fatty and high-fired aromas. GC–MS results showed that in the HS-SPME method, heterocyclic compounds (45.84–65.35%) were the highest in Shandong matcha, followed by terpenoids (7.44–16.92%) and esters (6.91–15.27%), while in the safe method, esters were the highest (12.96–24.99%), followed by terpenoids (10.76–25.09%) and heterocyclic compounds (12.12–17.07%). As a whole, the composition of volatile components between M-G1 and M-G2 is relatively close, and there are more differences in volatile components between them and M-GS. The volatile components unique to M-GS were screened using the odor activity value (OAV) evaluation method, with components such as 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol, 3-ethyl-Phenol, 2-thiophenemethanethiol, 2,4-undecadienal, (E,E)-2,6-nonadienal, (E,Z)- being evaluated. There were other differentially volatile components, that is, volatile components that coexist in the three grades of matcha, but with different concentrations and proportions. M-G1 and M-G2 contained more volatile substances with high-fired aroma, such as 2-ethyl-3-methyl-pyrazine, coumarin and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoxaline. The grinding process not only changes the appearance of tencha, but also increases the content of volatile components of matcha as a whole, enhancing the aroma and flavor characteristics of matcha. In this study, the contents of 24 volatile components in matcha were mainly increased, such as benzene, (2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-, cis-7-decen-1-al, safranal and fenchyl acetate. The dual factors of material tencha and matcha grinding technology are indispensable in forming the differences in aroma and flavor of Shandong matcha at different levels.
Effect of the Addition of Soybean Residue (Okara) on the Physicochemical, Tribological, Instrumental, and Sensory Texture Properties of Extruded Snacks
Authors: Aussanasuwannakul Aunchalee , Teangpook Chowladda , Treesuwan Witcha , Puntaburt Kassamaporn , Butsuwan Pisut
Published: September 2022

An extrusion process was used to improve the physical and textural characteristics of an extruded snack supplemented with soybean residue (okara). An extreme vertices mixture design with a constraint for okara flour (0–50%), mung bean flour (20–70%), and rice flour (20–80%) resulted in the production of eleven formulations. The color, radial expansion index (REI), bulk density, tribological behavior, and instrumental and sensory texture of the extruded snacks were evaluated. Increasing the quantity of okara resulted in an extrudate with a darker, redder color, decreased REI, increased bulk density, and decreased crispness. The tribological pattern of the snack was determined by its dominant composition (protein, starch, or fiber) in the flour mixture, which contributed to the stability of the lubricating film under rotational shear. A principal component analysis of sensory data captured a total of 81.9% variations in the first two dimensions. Texture appeal was inversely related to tooth packing (r = −0.646, p < 0.05). The optimized formulation for texture preference had an okara content of 19%, which was 104% crispier and 168% tougher than an okara content of 40%. This by-product of soybean milk processing can thus be used to develop gluten-free snacks with desirable physical characteristics and texture.
Comparative Profiling of Hot and Cold Brew Coffee Flavor Using Chromatographic and Sensory Approaches
Authors: Cai Yanpei , Xu Zhenzhen , Pan Xin , Gao Min , Wu Mengting , Wu Jihong , Lao Fei
Published: September 2022

Coffee brewing is a complex process from roasted coffee bean to beverage, playing an important role in coffee flavor quality. In this study, the effects of hot and cold brewing on the flavor profile of coffee were comprehensively investigated on the basis of chromatographic and sensory approaches. By applying gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and odor activity value calculation, most pyrazines showed higher contribution to the aroma profile of cold brew coffee over hot brew coffee. Using liquid chromatography, 18 differential non-volatiles were identified, most of which possessed lower levels in cold brew coffee than hot brew coffee. The sensory evaluation found higher fruitiness and lower bitterness and astringent notes in cold brew coffee than hot brew coffee, which was attributed by linalool, furfural acetate, and quercetin-3-O-(6″-O-p-coumaroyl) galactoside. This work suggested coffee brewing significantly affected its flavor profile and sensory properties.
Development of a Descriptive Profile and References for the Assessment of Taste and Mouthfeel Descriptors of Protected Designation of Origin Wines
Authors: Gomis-Bellmunt Anna , Claret Anna , Puig-Pujol Anna , Pérez-Elortondo Francisco José , Guerrero Luís
Published: September 2022

Producers of PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) wines must submit to the EU authorities’ technical specifications that include the specific sensory description of each product typology, to be subsequently checked by the competent authority in each country. Unfortunately, there is no consensual and standardized approach for the development of sensory control methods for PDO wines. The aim of this work was to develop a sensory profile for the taste and mouthfeel descriptors that allows the characterization of wines from 11 existing PDOs in Catalonia (Spain), and with the purpose of advancing the process of harmonization of the official sensory analysis of wines. This paper includes the selection process of tasters, the procedure used for the definition and grouping of descriptors, and the development of references for the selected attributes. The use of this analytical tool should allow PDO/PGI product certification and control authorities to verify compliance with their specifications (descriptive and quantitative) based on objectively evaluated results.
Forecasting Bitcoin Spikes: A GARCH-SVM Approach
Authors: Papadimitriou Theophilos , Gogas Periklis , Athanasiou Athanasios Fotios
Published: September 2022

This study aims to forecast extreme fluctuations of Bitcoin returns. Bitcoin is the first decentralized and the largest, in terms of capitalization, cryptocurrency. A well-timed and precise forecast of extreme changes in Bitcoin returns is key to market participants since they may trigger large-scale selling or buying strategies that may crucially impact the cryptocurrency markets. We term the instances of extreme Bitcoin movement as ‘spikes’. In this paper, spikes are defined as the returns instances that outreach a two-standard deviations band around the mean value. Instead of the unconditional historic standard deviation that is usually used, in this paper, we utilized a GARCH(p,q) model to derive the conditional standard deviation. We claim that the conditional standard deviation is a more suitable measure of on-the-spot risk than the overall standard deviation. The forecasting operation was performed using the support vector machines (SVM) methodology from machine learning. The most accurate forecasting model that we created reached 79.17% out-of-sample forecasting accuracy regarding the spikes cases and 87.43% regarding the non-spikes ones.
Portfolio Selection Models Based on Interval-Valued Conditional Value-at-Risk (ICVaR) and Case Study on the Data from Stock Markets
Authors: Zhang Jinping , Zhang Keming
Published: September 2022

Risk management is very important for individual investors or companies. There are several ways to measure the risk of investment. Prices of risky assets vary rapidly and randomly due to the complexity of finance market. Random interval is a good tool to describe uncertainty including both randomness and imprecision. Considering the uncertainty of financial market, we employ random intervals to describe returns of a risk asset and define an interval-valued risk measurement, which considers the tail risk. It is called the interval-valued conditional value-at-risk (ICVaR, for short). Similar to the classical conditional value-at-risk, ICVaR satisfies the sub-additivity. Under the new risk measure ICVaR, as a manner similar to the classical Mean-CVaR portfolio model, two optimal interval-valued portfolio selection models are built. The sub-additivity of ICVaR guarantees the global optimal solution to the Mean-ICVaR portfolio model. Based on the real data from mainland Chinese stock markets and international stock markets, the case study shows that our models are interpretable and consistent with the practical scenarios.
Melatonin Function and Crosstalk with Other Phytohormones under Normal and Stressful Conditions
Authors: Khan Murtaza , Ali Sajid , Manghwar Hakim , Saqib Saddam , Ullah Fazal , Ayaz Asma , Zaman Wajid
Published: September 2022

Melatonin was discovered in plants in the late nineties, but its role, signaling, and crosstalk with other phytohormones remain unknown. Research on melatonin in plants has risen dramatically in recent years and the role of this putative plant hormone under biotic and abiotic stress conditions has been reported. In the present review, we discuss the main functions of melatonin in the growth and development of plants, its role under abiotic stresses, such as water stress (waterlogging and drought), extreme temperature (low and high), salinity, heavy metal, and light-induced stress. Similarly, we also discuss the role of melatonin under biotic stresses (antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal effects). Moreover, the present review meticulously discusses the crosstalk of melatonin with other phytohormones such as auxins, gibberellic acids, cytokinins, ethylene, and salicylic acid under normal and stressful conditions and reports melatonin receptors and signaling in plants. All these aspects of melatonin suggest that phytomelatonin is a key player in crop improvement and biotic and abiotic stress regulation.
Population Structure of Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) Discovered off Coastal Waters, Republic of Korea
Authors: Ku Jeong Eun , Choi Seok-Gwan
Published: September 2022

The finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides Cuvier, 1829) is distributed in the coastal waters of Asia, throughout Indonesia to the east, and as far north as the Taiwan Strait. The finless porpoise has been declared critically endangered by the WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature), and in 2017 was rated vulnerable on the IUCN Red Threatened Species List. Since this species is distributed near the coast and has many interactions with humans, effective conservation of the species requires further studies into their genetic diversity and population. In this study, 45 samples were obtained from bycatch or stranded individuals in the East, South, and West Seas, where Korean porpoises were mainly distributed from 2017–2021. We compared 473 bp mtDNA sequences from the control region. Pairwise fixation indices (FST) revealed that the two populations differed significantly (FST = 0.4557, p = 0.000). In contrast to high levels of genetic differentiation, gene flow was identified as medium levels (Nm of 0.04–0.71). Our data suggest that finless porpoises may have undergone a historic differentiation event, and that finless porpoises in the three regions could be divided into two populations: West and East/South.
Shoreline Evolution and Erosion Vulnerability Assessment along the Central Adriatic Coast with the Contribution of UAV Beach Monitoring
Authors: Di Paola Gianluigi , Minervino Amodio Antonio , Dilauro Grazia , Rodriguez Germàn , Rosskopf Carmen M.
Published: September 2022

Coastal erosion and its impacts on the involved communities is a topic of great scientific interest that also reflects the need for modern as well as cost and time-effective methodologies to be integrated into or even to substitute traditional investigation methods. The present study is based on an integrated approach that involves the use of data derived from UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) surveys. The study illustrates the long- to short-term shoreline evolution of the Molise coast (southern Italy) and then focuses on two selected beach stretches (Petacciato and Campomarino beaches), for which annual UAV surveys were performed from 2019 to 2021, to assess their most recent shoreline and morpho-topographical changes and related effects on their coastal vulnerability. UAV data were processed using the Structure from Motion (SfM) image processing tool. Along the beach profiles derived from the produced DEMs, the coastal vulnerability of the selected beach stretches was evaluated by using the Coastal Vulnerability Assessment (CVA) approach. The results obtained highlight some significant worsening of CVA indexes from 2019 to 2021, especially for the Campomarino beach, confirming the importance of the periodic updating of previous data. In conclusion, the easy use of the UAV technology and the good quality of the derived data make it an excellent approach for integration into traditional methodologies for the assessment of short-term shoreline and beach changes as well as for monitoring coastal vulnerability.
Roundtable: The Past, Present and Future of Fan Fiction
Authors: Geraghty Lincoln , Chin Bertha , Morimoto Lori , Jones Bethan , Busse Kristina , Coppa Francesca , Santos Kristine Michelle “Khursten” , Stein Louisa Ellen
Published: September 2022

Fanfiction as a cultural practice has rapidly evolved in recent years, from a community-based form of social interaction to a globally recognised form of narrative world-building [...]
Method of Nursing Interventions to Reduce the Incidence of Bullying and Its Impact on Students in School: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yosep Iyus , Hikmat Rohman , Mardhiyah Ai , Hazmi Helmy , Hernawaty Taty
Published: September 2022

The bullying of students in schools can have a negative impact on students. The impact of bullying can take the form of anxiety, low psychological well-being, low social adjustment, psychological distress, and risk of suicide. Incidents of bullying are still considered normal, and there has not been a focus on reducing their incidence and impact. The purpose of this study is to describe nursing interventions to reduce the incidence of bullying and its impact on students at school. This study used the scoping review method and literature reviews via CINAHL, PubMed, and ProQuest databases. The keywords used in English were “bullying OR cyberbullying OR aggression” AND “students OR school students” AND “school OR schools” AND “nursing intervention”. The criteria for articles in this study were: full texts, student populations and samples, randomized control trials or quasi-experiment research designs, use of the English language, and the publication period of the last 10 years (2013–2022). We found 11 articles discussing nursing interventions to reduce the incidence of bullying and its impact on students in schools. There are four types of interventions that can be provided to students, namely, prevention programs, activities programs, peer group programs, and resilience programs. Most of the articles used randomized control trials and quasi-experiment designs. The samples in the articles analyzed were in the range of 50–7121 students. These four types of interventions can reduce the incidence of bullying and its impact on students at school, and in addition, they can improve the social skills and mental health of students, for example, by increasing their self-efficacy, resilience, and adaptive coping. There are four nursing interventions to reduce the incidence of bullying and its impact on students in schools, namely, the prevention program, activities program, peer group program, and resilience program.
Assessment of the Medical Reliability of Videos on Social Media: Detailed Analysis of the Quality and Usability of Four Social Media Platforms (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube)
Authors: Gurler Deniz , Buyukceran Ismail
Published: September 2022

Introduction: In recent years, the internet and social media have become the primary source for patients to research their medical conditions. Given the billions of links that result from research, it has become increasingly important how medically high quality the priorities of the search algorithms are. This study aims to examine the medical quality of videos on social media. Material and Method: A new Gmail account was never used, and Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube accounts were opened. The word “knee replacement” was searched via social media. The video duration, daily views, total views, number of likes, source, and shared content were recorded. The parameters were statistically evaluated using the scales JAMA, GQS, DISCERN, and VPI to measure the quality of the medical posts. Results: Correlations were found between JAMA, GQS, and DISCERN. No correlation between the VPI scales with other scales was found. It was found that the promotional content in videos other than Instagram was very high (56–70%). Academics and healthcare workers produced greater quality content than other groups. There is a clear dominance of healthcare practitioners on Instagram. The most shared content was informative, depending on the content. The most frequent users were alternative health practitioners. While YouTube had the highest JAMA, GQC, and DISCERN (2.98, 3.18, 37.5) scores, the lowest VPI (0.761) score was found. Discussion and Conclusions: It has been shown that Instagram and Twitter are not the right places to share videos with medical content. However, everyone should remember that Instagram is the best place to share short but popular videos. YouTube and Facebook are available resources to share videos of better medical quality with a higher score than others. We can say that the most reliable medical sources are Facebook and YouTube videos of physicians and medical staff.
Incentive EMR Sharing System Based on Consortium Blockchain and IPFS
Authors: Zhan Wanbing , Chen Chin-Ling , Weng Wei , Tsaur Woei-Jiunn , Lim Zi-Yi , Deng Yong-Yuan
Published: September 2022

Electronic medical records (EMRs) are extremely private data in the medical industry. Clinicians use the patient data that the EMR stores to quickly assess a patient’s status and save diagnostic information. In the conventional medical model, it is easy for duplicate exams, medical resource waste, or the loss of medical records to happen when a patient is transferred between several medical facilities due to problems with data sharing and exchange, inadequate data privacy, security, confidentiality, and difficulties with data traceability. This paper recommends a Hyperledger Fabric-based strategy to promote the exchange of EMR models. With the use of Hyperledger Fabric, EMR stakeholders can be brought into the channel to facilitate data sharing. Attribute-based access control (ABAC) allows users to design the data access control policy, and the data access control may improve security. Any record stored in the blockchain can be viewed using the Hyperledger Fabric feature and it cannot be altered or destroyed, ensuring data traceability. Through proxy re-encryption, which makes sure that the data is not leaked during data exchange, data secrecy can be ensured. A module for medical tokens has now been added. Many foreign medical institutions currently use the medical token system, and the system described in this paper can use the tokens to pay for some medical expenses. The tokens are obtained by the patient’s initiative to share their EMR with the medical institution for research, which is how many foreign medical institutions currently use the medical token mechanism. This paradigm can encourage the growth of medical data by enabling stakeholders to collaborate and share EMR trust.
Influence of the Type of Physician on Survival from Emergency-Medical-Service-Witnessed Cardiac Arrest: An Observational Study
Authors: Freire-Tellado Miguel , Navarro-Patón Rubén , Mateos-Lorenzo Javier , Pérez-López Gabina , Pavón-Prieto María del Pilar , Mecías-Calvo Marcos
Published: September 2022

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation by non-emergency dedicated physicians may not be positively associated with survival, as these physicians have less experience and exposure than specialised dedicated personnel. The aim of this study was to compare the survival results of the teams led by emergency dedicated physicians (EDPhy) with those of the teams led by non-emergency dedicated physicians (N-EDPhy) and with a team of basic life support (BLS) emergency technicians (EMTs) used as the control group. A retrospective, multicentre study of emergency-medical-service-witnessed cardiac arrest from medical causes in adults was performed. The records from 2006 to 2016 in a database of a regional emergency system were analysed and updated up to 31 December 2021. Two groups were studied: initial shockable and non-shockable rhythms. In total, 1359 resuscitation attempts were analysed, 281 of which belonged to the shockable group, and 1077 belonged to the non-shockable rhythm group. Any onsite return of spontaneous circulation, patients admitted to the hospital alive, global survival, and survival with a cerebral performance category (CPC) of 1-2 (good and moderate cerebral performance) were studied, with both of the latter categories considered at 30 days, 1 year (primary outcome), and 5 years. The shockable and non-shockable rhythm group (and CPC 1-2) survivals at 1 year were, respectively, as follows: EDPhy, 66.7 % (63.4%) and 14.0% (12.3%); N-EDPhy, 16.0% (16.0%) and 1.96 % (1.47%); and EMTs 32.0% (29.7%) and 1.3% (0.84%). The crude ORs were EDPhy vs. N-EDPhy, 10.50 (5.67) and 8.16 (4.63) (all p < 0.05); EDPhy vs. EMTs, 4.25 (2.65) and 12.86 (7.80) (p < 0.05); and N-EDPhy vs. EMTs, 0.50 (0.76) (p < 0.05) and 1.56 (1.32) (p > 0.05). The presence of an EDPhy was positively related to all the survival and CPC rates.
Medication-Induced Factor V Inhibition in the Setting of Refractory Coagulopathy
Authors: Wiggins Brandon Travis , Ramirez Daniel , Taylor Daniel , Reichardt William , Kipke Alyssa , Minaudo Mark
Published: September 2022

Liver cirrhosis is commonly associated with coagulopathies, typically demonstrated by elevated prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, and partial thromboplastin time. In the setting of bleeding related to coagulopathies, oftentimes physicians try to reverse coagulopathy through a variety of methods including the use of vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma. Rarely, attempts at reversing coagulopathy are unsuccessful due to severe disease or factor inhibitors. The treatment of acquired factor V inhibitors is primarily performed through immunosuppression and supportive care for the initial bleeding episode. Early detection and treatment of factor V inhibition is challenging in a setting of underlying cirrhosis-related coagulopathy.
Sugar Metabolism and Photosynthesis of Tomatoes Irrigated with Water Treated with Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Resonance Fields in Different Fertigation Doses
Authors: Nogueira Bianca Bueno , Vicente Eduardo Festozo , Nunes Chaves Prínscilla Pâmela , Zanetti Willian Aparecido Leotti , Ono Elizabeth Orika , da Silva Gustavo Ferreira , dos Reis André Rodrigues , Putti Fernando Ferrari
Published: September 2022

Management of irrigation and fertilization in greenhouses, if not done correctly, can cause soil salinization. The use of water treated with very low-frequency electromagnetic resonance fields (WVLF) can reduce salinization effects on the photosynthetic and biometric systems. Thus, the purpose of the research to evaluate the metabolism of photosynthesis and the impact of WVLF on the cultivation of tomato crops subjected to different levels of fertigation. For this, the gas exchange parameters were evaluated, as well as chlorophyll a fluorescence, sugar contents, sucrose, chlorophylls, and phaeophytins and fruit production. The gas exchange parameters had greater activity when subjected to irrigation with electromagnetic water, consequently the production of sugar and sucrose increased. Photosynthetic System II showed less salinity effect, being favored by very low-frequency electromagnetic resonance fields. The production increased by 20% for the dose of 2.5 d·Sm−1 of WVLF reducing the effects caused by higher doses. Hence, the induction of water by electromagnetic fields can provide less damage to the photosynthetic system and to the cultivation of the tomato crop when subjected to saline stress and, consequently, favor the production of fruits by this crop under such conditions.
Evaluation of Mass Trapping Devices for the Control of the European Cherry Fruit Fly [Rhagoletis cerasi (L.)]
Authors: González-Núñez Manuel , Cobos Guillermo , Sánchez-Ramos Ismael
Published: September 2022

Rhagoletis cerasi (L.) is the most damaging pest of cherries in Europe and Western Asia and it has been recently introduced in North America. Females sting the ripening cherries and tolerance of damaged fruit is very low (<2%). The management of this pest is mainly based on insecticide applications near harvest. Only a few insecticides are authorized for this use in Europe, and repeated use of them likely entails environmental risks, resistance to insecticides and residues in the fruit. Therefore, alternative tools are needed. Trap-attractant combinations were compared on searching an efficient and economical device for a viable mass trapping method against R. cerasi on a large-scale use. A folded yellow sticky trap with a homemade ammonium acetate dispenser was the most efficient and also the cheapest one. The efficacy of mass trapping using this device was evaluated in farm-scale trials. With low pest pressure, mass trapping was sufficient to obtain commercially acceptable fruit. With high pest pressure, mass trapping reduced the number of insecticide (spinosad) applications while keeping damage below the economic threshold. Therefore, mass trapping can be a useful tool for managing R. cerasi and reducing insecticide application.