bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Etrasimod: A Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Modulator for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Choi David , Becker Michelle , Ivanov Marina , Bhat Shubha
Published: January 2024

Objective:

To review the pharmacologic and clinical profile of etrasimod in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC).

Data sources:

A PubMed search was conducted from inception to November 2023 using the keywords etrasimod, ulcerative colitis, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator. Information was also obtained from published abstracts and package insert.

Study selection and data extraction:

Phase 2 and 3 studies plus relevant literature on etrasimod pharmacologic and clinical profile were reviewed.

Data synthesis:

Per ELEVATE, 2 phase 3 studies, a higher proportion of patients with moderately to severely active UC achieved clinical remission in the induction and maintenance phase with etrasimod compared with placebo. In addition, a higher proportion of patients achieved secondary endpoints of clinical response, endoscopic improvement-histologic remission, corticosteroid-free remission, and endoscopic improvement with etrasimod vs placebo. Common adverse events include anemia and headache.

Relevance to patient care and clinical practice in comparison with existing drugs:

Etrasimod is now the second orally administered sphingosine-1-phosphate modulator approved for UC, providing patients with additional treatment options. Efficacy rates of this treatment are in line with other UC medication options. Similar to other sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators, various assessments are required at baseline and during treatment to ensure safe and appropriate use.

Conclusion:

Etrasimod is another possibility in the armamentarium of UC treatment, providing patients with more oral medication options. Prior to treatment initiation, several assessments relating to safety, drug interactions, and pharmacogenomics factors are advised.
Psychometric Properties and Validity of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders: Parent Version (SCARED-P) in an Early Childhood Sample
Authors: Scoberg Bethan , Hobson Christopher , van Goozen Stephanie
Published: January 2024

The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders: Parent Version (SCARED-P) was originally developed for use in middle childhood and adolescence. The present study examined the psychometric properties and validity of the SCARED-P in an early childhood sample (predominantly aged 4–7 years). The 41-item version of the SCARED-P was administered to the parents of 233 children (mean age = 6.31 years, SD = 1.08; females = 34.3%). Confirmatory factor analysis provided mixed support for the original five-factor model of the SCARED-P. The SCARED-P demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency (total α = .94, subscale α = .68–.89), and good construct validity with the Child Behavior Checklist, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Developmental and Well-being Assessment. These findings indicate overall initial support for the SCARED-P’s utility as a measure of anxiety in early childhood, but further psychometric and validation studies are needed in larger community-based samples of young children.
Hyperammonemic encephalopathy after tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A literature review and a case example
Authors: García-Díaz Héctor Carlos , Eremiev Simeon , Gómez-Alonso Javier , Veas Rodriguez Joel , Farriols Anna , Carreras Maria J , Serrano César
Published: January 2024

Objective

To review the evidence of uncommon but fatal adverse event of hyperammonemic encephalopathy by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and the possible mechanisms underlying this condition and to describe the case of a patient that developed drug-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy related to TKI.

Data Sources

Literature search of different databases was performed for studies published from 1 January 1992 to 7 May 2023. The search terms utilized were hyperammonemic encephalopathy, TKI, apatinib, pazopanib, sunitinib, imatinib, sorafenib, regorafenib, trametinib, urea cycle regulation, sorafenib, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1, ornithine transcarbamylase, argininosuccinate synthetase, argininosuccinate lyase, arginase 1, Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway and mTOR pathway, were used individually search or combined.

Data Summary

Thirty-seven articles were included. The articles primarily focused in hyperammonemic encephalopathy case reports, management of hyperammonemic encephalopathy, urea cycle regulation, autophagy, mTOR and MAPK pathways, and TKI.

Conclusion

Eighteen cases of hyperammonemic encephalopathy were reported in the literature from various multitargeted TKI. The mechanism of this event is not well-understood but some authors have hypothesized vascular causes since some of TKI are antiangiogenic, however our literature review shows a possible relationship between the urea cycle and the molecular inhibition exerted by TKI. More preclinical evidence is required to unveil the biochemical mechanisms responsible involved in this process and clinical studies are necessary to shed light on the prevalence, risk factors, management and prevention of this adverse event. It is important to monitor neurological symptoms and to measure ammonia levels when manifestations are detected.
Dual Approaches of Tourism’s Impact on Post-Trip Well-Being
Authors: Yu Jibin , Zhang Ye , Li Yan
Published: January 2024

We propose a dualistic framework embodied by interconnected hedonic and eudaimonic approaches that reveals the long-term benefits of tourism on well-being. We adopt a transformative tourism perspective to propose the eudaimonic approach and draw on spill over theory to identify the hedonic approach. The two approaches to post-trip well-being promotion were examined using time-lagged data collected via three survey waves from 208 Chinese tourists. The results indicate that, eudaimonically, the meaning in life experienced in tourism triggers authentic living after returning home, while hedonically, positive emotions during the trip foster post-travel satisfaction with tourism, both of which facilitate long-term well-being. This study not only contributes to tourism and well-being literature by establishing novel paths through which tourism can fulfill its underestimated potential for sustained well-being benefits, but also adds to diverse alternative fields pertaining to existential authenticity, spill over theory, and transformative tourism.
Optical coherence tomography angiography analysis in patients with intracranial hypertension
Authors: Remolí-Sargues Lidia , Monferrer-Adsuara Clara , López-Salvador Belén , García-Villanueva Carolina , Gracia-García Alicia , Castro-Navarro Verónica , Cervera-Taulet Enrique
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Evidence on peripapillary microvasculature in intracranial hypertension (IH) after the regression of papilledema is still scarce. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the association between structural changes in the optic nerve and the retina and peripapillary microvasculature in patients with IIH.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study. The study included 39 eyes of 21 patients with IIH. Treatment for IIH and history of obesity were registered from each patient. Moreover, OCT analysis including retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, and OCTA analysis including perfusion density (PD) and flux index (FI) of the radial peripapillary capillary plexus were performed.

Results

Correlation analysis revealed a high correlation between GCIPL thickness and peripapillary PD and FI ( p < 0,05, r > 0,7), whereas the degree of correlation between RNFL thickness and peripapillary microvascular parameters was low ( p < 0,05, r < 0,7). Patients with regressed papilledema had significantly lower GCIPL thickness and peripapillary PD than control subjects ( p < 0,05).

Conclusion

Peripapillary microvascular measurements are highly correlated with GCIPL thickness in patients with IIH. Moreover, GCIPL thickness and peripapillary PD are significantly inferior in patients with regressed papilledema compared to control group. Thus, we suggested that peripapillary microvascular parameters may be an early indicator of optic nerve atrophy in patients with IIH.
Hidden figures: Women’s experiences in management graduate courses in Brazil
Authors: Torres Polyanna , Bispo Marcelo de Souza
Published: January 2024

This study examines the sexism practiced in the academic environments of Management graduate schools in Brazil. We investigate how sexist practices manifested in the intersectionality of gender, race, and class affect female researchers’ training in Management graduate schools. Universities are spaces where students learn to be scholars and receive education and training in various disciplines. Based on oral history interviews conducted with six Brazilian graduate students in Management studies, we show from an intersectional perspective how sexism is practiced in this field. Our contribution lies in initiating a broader and more open debate about sexism to enable members of graduate institutions to acknowledge and help mitigate sexist practices observed in Management researchers’ training processes. We concluded that understanding how sexism takes place in the Management field leads to reflections capable of promoting transformations in management education, research practices, and the society.
Referral of patients from rural primary care clinics to telemedicine vendors for opioid use disorder treatment: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Lin Chunqing , Zhu Yuhui , Mooney Larissa J , Ober Allison , Clingan Sarah E , Baldwin Laura-Mae , Calhoun Stacy , Hser Yih-Ing
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Rural primary care clinics can expand their medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) capacity by coordinating care with external telemedicine (TM) vendors specializing in addiction medicine. This study used mixed methods to identify factors that influence patient referrals from rural primary care clinics to TM vendors for MOUD.

Methods

Between July/August 2020 and January/February 2021, 582 patients with OUD were identified across six primary care sites; that included 68 referred to an external TM vendor to receive MOUD. Mixed effects logistic regression identified individual and site-level factors associated with being referred to the TM vendor. Clinic providers and staff participated in in-depth interviews and focus groups to discuss their considerations for referring patients to the TM vendor.

Results

Patient referrals were positively associated with local household broadband coverage (OR = 2.55, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with local population density (OR = 0.01, p  =  0.003) and the number of buprenorphine prescribers in the county (OR = 0.85, p < 0.001). Clinic personnel expressed appreciation for psychiatric expertise and the flexibility to access MOUD brought by the TM vendor. Perceived concerns about TM referral included a lack of trust with external providers, uncertainty about TM service quality, workflow delays, and patients’ technological and insurance challenges.

Conclusion

This study revealed several clinic-level factors that may potentially influence patient referral to TM vendor services for MOUD. To facilitate the referral process and utilization of TM vendors, efforts should be made to foster open communication and trust between clinic providers and TM vendors, streamline workflows, and improve Internet access for patients.
Which recommendation system do you trust the most? Exploring the impact of perceived anthropomorphism on recommendation system trust, choice confidence, and information disclosure
Authors: Wang Yanyun (Mia) , Liu Weizi , Yao Mike
Published: January 2024

Recommendation systems (RSs) leverage data and algorithms to generate a set of suggestions to reduce consumers’ efforts and assist their decisions. In this study, we examine how different framings of recommendations trigger people’s anthropomorphic perceptions of RSs and therefore affect users’ attitudes in an online experiment. Participants used and evaluated one of four versions of a web-based wine RS with different source framings (i.e. “recommendation by an algorithm,” “recommendation by an AI assistant,” “recommendation by knowledge generated from similar people,” no description). Results showed that different source framings generated different levels of perceived anthropomorphism. Participants indicated greater trust in the recommendations and greater confidence in making choices based on the recommendations when they perceived an RS as highly anthropomorphic; however, higher perceived anthropomorphism of an RS led to a lower willingness to disclose personal information to the RS.
Evaluation of SP3 for antibody-free quantification of tau in CSF mimic and brain by mass spectrometry
Authors: Jacquemin Chloé , Villain Nicolas , Azevedo Rita , Boluda Susana , Thévenot Etienne A. , Fenaille François , Lamari Foudil , Becher François
Published: January 2024

Tubulin-associated unit (tau) has an important role in the pathogenesis and the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. In view of the diversity of tau proteoforms, antibody-free methods represent a good approach for unbiased quantification. We adapted and evaluated the single-pot, solid-phase-enhanced sample-preparation (SP3) protocol for antibody-free extraction of the tau protein in cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) mimic and in human brain. A total of 13 non-modified peptides were quantified by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) after digestion of tau by trypsin. We significantly improved the basic SP3 protocol by carefully optimizing the organic solvents and incubation time for tau binding, as well as the digestion step for the release directly from the SP3 beads of the 13 tau peptides. These optimizations proved to be primarily beneficial for the most hydrophilic tau peptides, increasing the sequence coverage of recombinant tau. Mean recovery in CSF mimic of the 13 non-modified peptides was of 53%, with LODs ranging from 0.75 to 10 ng/mL. Next, we tested the optimized SP3 protocol on pathological tau extracted from the soluble fraction from an AD brain sample (middle frontal gyrus). We could successfully identify and quantify biologically relevant tau peptides including representative peptides of two isoforms and two phospho-peptides (pTau217 and pTau181).
Alternative Mental Health Interventions for Hispanic Women With Breast Cancer: A State of the Science Review
Authors: Llamas Diana M. , Langan Joanne C.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Current disadvantages in accessing healthcare services, particularly mental health resources, result in increased psychological dysfunction among Hispanic women with advanced breast cancer. Little is known about using alternative nonpharmacological therapies for Hispanic women experiencing psychological distress secondary to a breast cancer diagnosis. This state-of-the-science paper synthesizes current culturally appropriate alternative therapies that effectively address depressive symptoms, anxiety, and psychological distress among Hispanic women with breast cancer (HWBC). Methods: The search criteria included published articles that used alternative interventions to address psychological needs among HWBC. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Four alternative interventions were identified in the literature that significantly met the cultural mental health needs of HWBC. Mindfulness and technology use were the two interventions most studied in this review. Conclusion: Evidence indicates that alternative therapies for mental health improve overall quality of life. Further research to attenuate psychological distress is needed to meet mental health needs among HWBC. Innovative methods such as the use of technology and mindfulness as well as integrating personalized care are crucial to address the cultural needs of HWBC.
A review on the manufacturing techniques for textile based antennas
Authors: Rafiq Muntaha , Imran Aqsa , Rasheed Abher , Zaman Shahood uz
Published: January 2024

An antenna is a medium of communication in electronic systems and one of its branches is known as wearable antenna (embedded in clothing or other wearables). Antennas are found in a wide range of applications such as medical, military, sports, safety, fitness, satellite communication etc. Textile based antennas are considered a replacement of conventional communication systems in E-textiles as they are more flexible and comfortable as compared to their metallic counterparts and more efficient than transmission wires. Electronic wiring which is commonly used for data transmission is susceptible to damage because of bending or stretching in wearables and may cause interferences between signals and time delays. One of the most significant advantages of wearable antennas is the reduction of bulk of electronic components as they can act as a sensor and communicator at a time. The cost can also be reduced this way. The current work focuses on the review of different manufacturing techniques for wearable antennas. The scope of this review is to highlight main techniques, their advantages and limitations in comparison with each other as well as to describe the available solutions of associated problems. The findings of this review could be fruitful for researchers to find out the best manufacturing technique for antennas in their perspective.

Visual Abstract

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Plant extract-based biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle and silver–zinc nanocomposites-doped hydroxyapatite and its antimicrobial activity
Authors: Unal Ilkay , Aydoğdu Burcu , Aytar Mehmet
Published: January 2024

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is an essential material in the biomedical field because of its chemical composition, similar to the apatites found in bones. The lack of bactericidal properties of HAp-based materials cannot prevent the adhesion and growth of bacteria. However, it can develop composite biomaterials using nanoparticles (NPs) such as silver (Ag) and zinc (Zn), which exhibit biocidal behaviours to control resistant microorganisms. This study aimed to prepareHAp–AgNPs and HAp–Ag@ZnNPs nanocomposite and evaluate their antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. HAp powders were produced from sheep bone. An aqueous extract of Marrubium astracanicum was used as a reducing and stabilising agent for the synthesis of NPs. The composites were characterized by XRD, SEM–EDX, SEM and FTIR. In vitro biocompatibility assessment was determined by agar well diffusion tests. The HAp–Ag@ZnNPs nanocomposites showed stronger antimicrobial activity than HAp–AgNPs against bacteria and fungi, while pure HAp did not show any effect.
Antibacterial and Carbohydrate Digestive Enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Native Plants Used for Medicinal and Culinary Purposes in Cyprus
Authors: Christou Atalanti , Stavrou Constantina , Michael Christodoulos , Botsaris George , Goulas Vlasios
Published: January 2024

Natural products are an inexhaustive reservoir of bioactive compounds with diverse effects protecting human health as components of nutrition and as active substances of drugs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the bactericidal and carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibitory activity of twelve native plants from Cyprus, that are consumed for medicinal and/ or culinary purposes. Each plant was sequentially extracted with solvents of increasing polarity, from non-polar to polar solvents. At first, the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content of the extracts were determined. The bactericidal potential of plant extracts was tested against six bacteria using the broth microdilution method. Furthermore, their inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes, namely α-glucosidase and α-amylase, were also determined. Results demonstrated a substantial diversity in TPC (2.3-483.5 mg gallic acid equivalent g−1) and TFC (4.1-394.6 mg catechin equivalent g−1) of the plant extracts; a great impact of solvent was found. Furthermore, potent antibacterial activity (minimum bactericidal concentration ≤ 500 µg ml−1) of capper, mountain oregano, rosemary, silver thistle, and vine leaf extracts against Gram-positive bacteria was determined. Regarding carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibitory effects, the inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme is higher than 80%, when rosemary, silver thistle, and vine leaf extracts are used at a concentration of 500 µg g−1. Overall, the present study describes the antibacterial and inhibitory effect against carbohydrate digestive enzymes of unstudied plant species or known plants from the unexplored island of Cyprus. It provides valuable data for the nutraceutical value of native edible plants as well as assesses these plants as potential sources of antibacterial and carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibitory agents for drug discovery.
Cross Cultural Empathetic Behavior in Health Care Providers: A Review of 3 Countries
Authors: Sullivan-Detheridge Julie H. , Reifsnider Elizabeth , Mengsteab Mesele , Merie Kassaw , Staller Judit , Allen Angela M.
Published: January 2024

This paper examines empathetic behavior in the United States, a strongly individualistic country, as contrasted with Hungary and Ethiopia, which are moderately individualistic and strongly collectivistic respectively. It suggests that empathy may have a wider than originally perceived application in diverse settings to combat factors of ethnic bias and discrimination that adversely impact health. Models that distinctly focus on the development of healthcare provider empathic care are needed to enable the needs of resource scarce regions of the world to be met, including pockets of the U.S. More investigation is warranted on how empathic behavior can positively impact health outcomes and disparities.
Seeing the Invisible: A Photovoice Exploration of Living With and Managing the Invisible Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Parker Le-Sharn , Topcu Gogem , De Boos Danielle , Bale Clare , das Nair Roshan
Published: January 2024

In this photovoice study, we explored how people with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience living with and managing invisible symptoms in daily life. Twelve people with MS produced digital images over a 2-week period to capture their experiences of invisible symptoms. Participants then discussed their images in semistructured interviews. We thematically analyzed the interviews and developed three main themes that encompass the difficulties around conceptualizing invisible symptoms and the conflicts of legitimacy this presents for people with MS, in which the reality of their invisible symptoms is invalidated by others and sometimes for themselves. Participants navigated these issues in dynamic ways, choosing to fit their symptoms to their lives or make space for their symptoms depending on the context, often influenced by a desire to “stay invisible” or to “be seen.” We highlight clinical implications for supporting people with MS around the legitimacy conflicts they experience and how they negotiate living with invisible symptoms.
Isolated greater trochanter fractures of the native hip: Is magnetic resonance imaging needed?
Authors: Heo Kevin , Shah Jason A , Cantu Nick , Kopriva John M , Gass Henry M , Webb Alexander R , Vayalapalli Amoolya , Moore Thomas
Published: January 2024

Background: Isolated greater trochanter fractures represent a subset of hip fractures for which diagnostic work-up and treatment algorithms can vary. Magnetic resonance imaging has been described as the definitive method of evaluating fracture extension into the intertrochanteric region. While prophylactic fixation for those with fracture extension may prevent the propagation of the injury, treatment debates remain. This study aimed to assess adherence to protocols at our institution and evaluate outcomes in those whose care deviated from protocol. Methods: In a retrospective analysis, adult patients (≥18 years old) presenting with a greater trochanter fracture over a 7-year period (2015–2021) were identified. Patients were excluded if the injury was periprosthetic, had a ballistic mechanism, or had any concomitant fractures of the femoral head, neck, or shaft identified on plain radiographs. Patient demographics, comorbidities, treatment, and outcomes were tabulated via chart review. Results: In total, 57 isolated greater trochanter fracture patients were included. Of these, 52 patients (91%) had computed tomographic scans, yet only 41 patients (72%) had magnetic resonance imaging completed. In total, 10 of the 41 (24%) patients with magnetic resonance imaging showed <50% fracture line extension, and all of these patients were treated nonoperatively. In contrast, 24 of 41 magnetic resonance imaging patients (59%) showed >50% fracture line extension in both coronal and axial planes, of which 14 (58%) were treated operatively. However, the 10 nonoperative patients with significant fracture extension showed no increased hospital length-of-stay or fracture extension upon follow-up. Conclusions: Our study showed that institutional protocol for diagnostic workup and treatment evaluation for isolated greater trochanter fractures is not consistently followed. However, patients who deviated from treatment protocol showed no elevated risks of fracture propagation. Our study questions the need for magnetic resonance imaging in all isolated greater trochanter fractures, and suggests that protocols be revisited to ensure that workup is optimal for patients and costeffective for the healthcare system itself.
Determinants of Contraceptive Options among Postpartum Women Attending Selected Health Care Facilities in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Adeoye Yetunde Romoke , Esan Deborah Tolulope , Onasoga Olayinka Abolore , Afolayan Joel Adeleke , Bello Cecilia Bukola , Olawade David Bamidele
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Differences in availability and choices of contraceptive methods among postpartum women have been found to influence their quality of life as the fertility rate is very high, and the contraceptive usage rate persistently remains low in Nigeria.

Objectives

This study assessed the determinants of contraceptive options among postpartum women in Nigeria.

Methods

Two Local Governments were randomly selected from the four Local Governments. Within these two local governments, five health facilities were selected. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the 240 respondents, while a structured questionnaire was used to collect data.

Results

Findings from the study indicated that 81.7% of the respondents have planned to have their current baby, and about 65.4% of the women have resumed sexual activities since delivery. Of those who have resumed sexual activities, the majority, 91.1% did so 6 weeks after delivery. Some form of contraceptive usage was prominent among 59.2% of the respondents, as the most common contraceptive method used was withdrawal (24.8%). Contraceptive prevalence was slightly lower for urban respondents than rural respondents, although the relationship was not significant. Also, there was a statistically significant relationship between the current use of contraceptives and resumption of sexual activities since delivery ( p = .001), resumption of menstruation ( p = .001), and information received about postpartum family planning ( p = 0.013).

Conclusion

Findings from this study emphasize the urgent need for enhanced accessibility and availability of contraceptive methods, with a parallel emphasis on targeted interventions and effective communication strategies to promote contraceptive uptake and family planning. Addressing these determinants is vital in improving postpartum women's overall quality of life in the study area.
Exploring Factors for Implementation of EPAs in Pediatric Subspecialty Fellowships: A Qualitative Study of Program Directors
Authors: Czaja Angela S. , Mink Richard B. , Herman Bruce E. , Weiss Pnina , Turner David A. , Curran Megan L. , Stafford Diane E. J. , Myers Angela L. , Langhan Melissa L.
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE

To understand fellowship program directors’ (FPDs) perspectives on facilitators and barriers to using entrustable professional activities (EPAs) in pediatric subspecialty training.

METHODS

We performed a qualitative study of FPDs, balancing subspecialty, program size, geographic region and current uses of EPAs. A study coordinator conducted 1-on-1 interviews using a semistructured approach to explore EPA use or nonuse and factors supporting or preventing their use. Investigators independently coded transcribed interviews using an inductive approach and the constant comparative method. Group discussion informed code structure development and refinement. Iterative data collection and analysis continued until theoretical sufficiency was achieved, yielding a thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Twenty-eight FPDs representing 11 pediatric subspecialties were interviewed, of whom 16 (57%) reported current EPA use. Five major themes emerged: (1) facilitators including the intuitive nature and simple wording of EPAs; (2) barriers such as workload burden and lack of a regulatory requirement; (2) variable knowledge and training surrounding EPAs, leading to differing levels of understanding; (3) limited current use of EPAs, even among self-reported users; and (4) complementary nature of EPAs and milestones. FPDs acknowledged the differing strengths of both EPAs and milestones but sought additional knowledge about the value added by EPAs for assessing trainees, including the impact on outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Identified themes can inform effective and meaningful EPA implementation strategies: Supporting and educating FPDs, ongoing assessment of the value of EPAs in training, and practical integration with current workflow. Generating additional data and engaging stakeholders is critical for successful implementation for the pediatric subspecialties.
Scaffolding Self-Regulated Learning in Operative Dentistry Through Self-Assessment Training
Authors: Alfakhry Ghaith , Mustafa Khattab , Ybrode Kamal , Jazayerli Bashar , Milly Hussam , Alhomsi Khaled , Jamous Issam
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to investigate how effective self-assessment training is in improving the self-regulated learning (SRL) ability of operative dentistry students. The secondary aim was to explore students’ attitudes towards self-assessment in clinical settings.

INTRODUCTION

Self-assessment has been the focus of dental education research for decades and has been claimed to be cornerstone in the SRL process.

METHODS

This is quasi-experimental study conducted at Damascus University Faculty of Dental Medicine, Syria. A modified direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) assessment protocol with a self-assessment component was applied to a convenience sample of students across five clinical encounters in 2022. Data were collected during clinical training on the DOPS form and at the end of the experiment using a structured questionnaire with a single open-ended question. The qualitative part of the study followed a deductive theory-informed content analysis approach, relying on Zimmerman SRL theory.

RESULTS

A total number of 32 students participated in the study, eight of whom were male. During the experiment assessment, participants showed overwhelming positive attitudes towards the utility of self-assessment (m ≥ 3.5; max:4) and the overall assessment method (3.3 ≥ m ≥ 3.5; max:4). Cronbach's alpha for the post-experiment questionnaire was 0.888. A total of 84.4% of the participants strongly agreed that self-assessment is useful in clinical training. Data collected (qualitative and quantitative) from participants revealed the positive effects of self-assessment on all three phases of SRL, especially the reflection phase.

CONCLUSION

Self-assessment practice and training showed positive results in terms of improving SRL and performance in a clinical context; SRL appeared to be affected by self-assessment in all phases (forethought, performance, and reflection). Participants’ perceptions of self-assessment were generally very positive. These findings imply the potential benefits of applying self-assessment training interventions to foster the SRL ability of learners within the clinical context.
Right Atrial Lateral Wall Aneurysm
Authors: Kumar Swasthi S. , Mondal Sudipta , Banerjee Saurav
Published: January 2024

Right atrial aneurysm (RAA) is a rare congenital anomaly. It usually occurs due to dysplasia of the atrial myocardium or localized absence of pericardium. We present a case of asymptomatic RAA in an adolescent, which was detected incidentally because of a bulge in the right heart border.
Multigenerational inheritance of breathing deficits following perinatal exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the offspring of mice
Authors: Boulain Marie , Morin Didier , Juvin Laurent
Published: January 2024

Background

The utilization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TIO2NPs) has experienced a significant surge in recent decades, and these particles are now commonly found in various everyday consumer products. Due to their small size, TIO2NPs can penetrate biological barriers and elicit adverse interactions with biological tissues. Notably, exposure of pregnant females to TIO2NPs during the perinatal period has been shown to disrupt the growth of offspring. Furthermore, this exposure induces epigenetic modifications in the DNA of newborns, suggesting the possibility of multigenerational effects. Thus, perinatal exposure to TIO2NPs may induce immediate metabolic impairments in neonates, which could be transmitted to subsequent generations in the long term.

Results

In this study, we utilized perinatal exposure of female mice to TIO2NPs through voluntary food intake and observed impaired metabolism in newborn male and female F1 offspring. The exposed newborn mice exhibited reduced body weight gain and a slower breathing rate compared to non-exposed animals. Additionally, a higher proportion of exposed F1 newborns experienced apneas. Similar observations were made when the exposure was limited to the postnatal period, highlighting lactation as a critical period for the adverse effects of TIO2NPs on postnatal metabolism. Importantly, the breathing deficits induced by TIO2NPs were transmitted from F1 females to the subsequent F2 generation. Moreover, re-exposure of adult F1 females to TIO2NPs exacerbated the breathing deficits in newborn F2 males.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that perinatal exposure to TIO2NPs disrupts postnatal body weight gain and respiration in the offspring, and these deficits are transmissible to future generations.
Outcome and predictors of failure of abdominal surgical repair of high vesico-vaginal and vesico-uterine fistulae at Gezira Hospital for Renal Disease and Surgery
Authors: Yousif Muzafr Shakir Ali , Mohamad Ismail Gareeballah Alhag , Ahmed Mohamed Elimam Mohamed , Osman Yassin Mohammed , Yousif Ahmed Shakir Ali , Omran Mustafa
Published: January 2024

Background

Urogenital fistula can arise from various causes, leading to the development of diverse surgical procedures. The prevention and treatment of obstetric fistula continue to pose challenges in low-income countries.

Aim

To assess the outcomes and predictors of failure of surgical repair for urogenital fistulas, specifically high vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) and vesico-uterine fistula (VUF), within our context.

Methods

Conducted a prospective hospital-based study involving 100 female patients with urogenital fistula (95 VVF and 5 VUF) who underwent abdominal surgical repair at Gezira Hospital for Renal Diseases and Surgery from 2018 to 2023. Collected data encompassing demographics, obstetric history, fistula etiologies, Swab test, cystoscopy findings, urine diversion, ureteric re-implantation, and repair outcomes.

Results

The majority of women were aged 20–29 years (39%), illiterate (62%), and had a low socio-economic status (87%). Lack of antenatal care was noted in 77% of patients. Fistula etiologies were predominantly obstetric (70%), mainly due to spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD), with the remaining 30% attributed to gynecological causes (hysterectomy). In terms of fistula characteristics, all patients had a high-level fistula, 95% had a single fistula, and 69% had a posterior wall fistula. Successful closure was achieved in 84% of cases, with 11% experiencing ureteric involvements. The analysis of failures pointed to recurrent fistulae (50%), larger fistula size (31%), and the presence of multiple fistulae (19%) as notable predictors of unsuccessful repair.

Conclusion

VVF was the prevalent type of urogenital fistula in our population. Risk factors included being in the third decade of life, illiteracy, low socioeconomic status, and a lack of prenatal care. Obstetric causes, particularly prolonged and obstructed labor through SVD, dominated the etiology. Surgical procedures resulted in successful closure in 84% of cases. Recurrent fistulae, larger size, and multiple occurrences emerged as predictors of surgical repair failure.
The EU Communication on ensuring availability and affordability of fertilisers—a milestone for sustainable nutrient management or a missed opportunity?
Authors: Garske Beatrice , Heyl Katharine , Ekardt Felix
Published: January 2024

The global mineral fertiliser crisis increased the pressure on the EU agricultural sector. In response, the EU Commission released a Communication on ensuring availability and affordability of fertilisers in November 2022. This Policy Brief discusses the Fertiliser Communication and critically questions whether (1) the proposed measures can contribute to combat the fertiliser crisis, and (2) whether they can make the EU agricultural sector more resilient and sustainable to comply with the Paris Agreement and the Aichi Targets to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Results show that the Fertiliser Communication falls short on both challenges. It relies on existing, insufficient policies and public support measures and fails to propose innovative and effective solutions. Moreover, existing fertiliser and fossil fuel import dependencies are maintained and shifted. To overcome these shortcomings and to comply with legally binding climate and biodiversity goals, a comprehensive governance approach for nutrient management and sustainable agriculture by economic instruments that apply to livestock husbandry and fossil fuels is introduced.
A novel approach toward optimal workflow selection for DNA methylation biomarker discovery
Authors: Nazer Naghme , Sepehri Mohammad Hossein , Mohammadzade Hoda , Mehrmohamadi Mahya
Published: January 2024

DNA methylation is a major epigenetic modification involved in many physiological processes. Normal methylation patterns are disrupted in many diseases and methylation-based biomarkers have shown promise in several contexts. Marker discovery typically involves the analysis of publicly available DNA methylation data from high-throughput assays. Numerous methods for identification of differentially methylated biomarkers have been developed, making the need for best practices guidelines and context-specific analyses workflows exceedingly high. To this end, here we propose TASA, a novel method for simulating methylation array data in various scenarios. We then comprehensively assess different data analysis workflows using real and simulated data and suggest optimal start-to-finish analysis workflows. Our study demonstrates that the choice of analysis pipeline for DNA methylation-based marker discovery is crucial and different across different contexts.
Genomic characterization of WRKY transcription factors related to secoiridoid biosynthesis in Gentiana macrophylla
Authors: Yin Yangyang , Fu Huanhuan , Mi Fakai , Yang Ye , Wang Yaomin , Li Zhe , He Yihan , Yue Zhenggang
Published: January 2024

Gentiana macrophylla is one of Chinese herbal medicines in which 4 kinds of iridoids or secoiridoids, such as loganic acid, sweroside, swertiamarin, and gentiopicroside, are identified as the dominant medicinal secondary metabolites. WRKY, as a large family of transcription factors (TFs), plays an important role in the synthesis of secondary metabolites in plants. Therefore, WRKY genes involved in the biosynthesis of secoiridoids in G. macrophylla were systematically studied. First, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis was performed, and 42 GmWRKY genes were identified, which were unevenly distributed in 12 chromosomes. Accordingly, gene structure, collinearity, sequence alignment, phylogenetic, conserved motif and promoter analyses were performed, and the GmWRKY proteins were divided into three subfamilies based on phylogenetic and multiple sequence alignment analyses. Moreover, the enzyme-encoding genes of the secoiridoid biosynthesis pathway and their promoters were then analysed, and the contents of the four secoiridoids were determined in different tissues. Accordingly, correlation analysis was performed using Pearson′s correlation coefficient to construct WRKY gene-enzyme-encoding genes and WRKY gene–metabolite networks. Meanwhile, G. macrophylla seedlings were treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to detect the dynamic change trend of GmWRKYs, biosynthetic genes, and medicinal ingredient accumulation. Thus, a total of 12 GmWRKYs were identified to be involved in the biosynthesis of secoiridoids, of which 8 (GmWRKY1, 6, 12, 17, 33, 34, 38 and 39) were found to regulate the synthesis of gentiopicroside, and 4 (GmWRKY7, 14, 26 and 41) were found to regulate the synthesis of loganic acid. Taken together, this study systematically identified WRKY transcription factors related to the biosynthesis of secoiridoids in G. macrophylla, which could be used as a cue for further investigation of WRKY gene functions in secondary metabolite accumulation.
Full-length transcriptome and RNA-Seq analyses reveal the resistance mechanism of sesame in response to Corynespora cassiicola
Authors: Jia Min , Ni Yunxia , Zhao Hui , Liu Xintao , Yan Wenqing , Zhao Xinbei , Wang Jing , He Bipo , Liu Hongyan
Published: January 2024

Background

Corynespora leaf spot is a common leaf disease occurring in sesame, and the disease causes leaf yellowing and even shedding, which affects the growth quality of sesame. At present, the mechanism of sesame resistance to this disease is still unclear. Understanding the resistance mechanism of sesame to Corynespora leaf spot is highly important for the control of infection. In this study, the leaves of the sesame resistant variety (R) and the sesame susceptible variety (S) were collected at 0–48 hpi for transcriptome sequencing, and used a combined third-generation long-read and next-generation short-read technology approach to identify some key genes and main pathways related to resistance.

Results

The gene expression levels of the two sesame varieties were significantly different at 0, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hpi, indicating that the up-regulation of differentially expressed genes in the R might enhanced the resistance. Moreover, combined with the phenotypic observations of sesame leaves inoculated at different time points, we found that 12 hpi was the key time point leading to the resistance difference between the two sesame varieties at the molecular level. The WGCNA identified two modules significantly associated with disease resistance, and screened out 10 key genes that were highly expressed in R but low expressed in S, which belonged to transcription factors (WRKY, AP2/ERF-ERF, and NAC types) and protein kinases (RLK-Pelle_DLSV, RLK-Pelle_SD-2b, and RLK-Pelle_WAK types). These genes could be the key response factors in the response of sesame to infection by Corynespora cassiicola. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that specific modules could be enriched, which manifested as enrichment in biologically important pathways, such as plant signalling hormone transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, carbon metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, MAPK and other stress-related pathways.

Conclusions

This study provides an important resource of genes contributing to disease resistance and will deepen our understanding of the regulation of disease resistance, paving the way for further molecular breeding of sesame.
Quality assessment of flax advanced breeding lines varying in seed coat color and their potential use in the food and industrial applications
Authors: Abtahi Mozhgan , Mirlohi Aghafakhr
Published: January 2024

Background

With the increasing consumer awareness of the strong relationship between food and health, flax became a promising functional food due to its bioactive nutraceutical composition. Intra-specific crosses of eight contrasting flax genotypes were performed previously, and within segregating F6 progeny families, we investigated a close-up composition of phytochemicals derived from whole seeds.

Results

The considerable genetic variation among the flax F6 families suggested that intra-specific hybridization is essential in flax breeding to obtain and broaden genetic variability and largely affirmed the opportunity for selecting promising lines. Also, significant variations in the targeted metabolite contents and antioxidant properties were observed among brown and yellow-seeded families. Notably, brown-seeded families expressed the highest average values of saturated fatty acids, protein, fiber, tocopherol, phenolics, SDG, and SECO lignans. Yellow-seeded families represented the highest average content of unsaturated fatty acids and mucilage. The cultivation year significantly affects flaxseed’s composition and functional properties, presumably due to temperature, humidity, and sunshine time differences. Interestingly, the seeds obtained in warmer conditions were more potent and had more chemical constituents. The favorable genetic correlations among all evaluated traits suggest the possibility of joint genetic selection for several nutritional and phytochemical characteristics in flax. The current study highlights the importance and utilization of 19 top families as their seeds and oil play imperative roles in the pharmaceuticals and food industries. The antioxidant capacity of the seeds showed that families 84B, 23B, 35Y, 95Y, 30B, 88B, and 78B serve as a natural source of dietary antioxidants beneficial to human health. To increase the oxidative stability of the flaxseed oil, the quality evaluation identified some families with low levels of linolenic acid.

Conclusions

These findings are essential to improving flaxseed’s nutritional quality and therapeutic properties through a bulk breeding program.