bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Corporate Governance on Firm Profitability of Nifty50 Companies in India: A Longitudinal Perspective
Authors:   Gujarat University, Vaghela Jigarkumar L. , Marvadi Chetana R. ,   Gujarat University
Published: December 2024

This research explores corporate governance's influence on the profitability of Indian companies listed on the Nifty50 index. The study employs panel data analysis from 2010 to 2022 to investigate the impact of various corporate governance variables, which include board size, board independence, and audit committee meetings, on the returns on assets and equity. The study also includes firm size as a control variable to ensure accurate results. The study indicates that corporate governance has an impact on returns on both assets and equity. The study reveals that increasing the board size does not necessarily lead to higher profitability. Instead, the findings suggest that smaller boards contribute to better firm profitability by promoting a collaborative decision-making environment that fosters diverse ideas. However, the study highlights the crucial relationship between a firm's profitability and board independence. Although audit committee meetings are essential for the effective functioning of a company, research has shown that such meetings may not significantly impact shareholder returns. Lastly, the firm size is the most significant contributor to firm profitability. These findings hold immense value for policymakers, researchers, managers, analysts, investors, and anyone keen on exploring emerging markets.
BAHAYA SERTA UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN NARKOBA PADA GENERASI MUDA SAAT INI
Authors: Zipora Florentine Rachel , Riyadini Chiquita Putri , Wirawan Rio
Published: December 2024

Narkotika merupakan suatu zat yang bersumber dari tanaman atau bukan tanaman, sintesis atau semi sintesis, yang akan memberikan efek samping berupa penurunan kesadaran, hilang rasa, mengurangi sampai menghilangkan rasa nyeri, dan dapat memberikan efek ketergantungan. Bentuk dari narkotika sendiri seperti ganja, kokain, morfin, petidin, dan lain-lain. Sedangkan, psikotropika merupakan suatu zat yang bukan narkotika, baik alamiah atau sintesis, yang mempunyai khasiat psikoaktif melewati pengaruh selektif pada susunan saraf pusat yang akibatnya terjadi perubahan khas pada aktivitas normal dan perilaku. Namun, generasi muda sering kali melakukan penyalahgunaan narkoba yang tentunya membahayakan diri mereka sendiri dan bangsa. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dalam rangka upaya dan bahaya penyalahgunaan narkoba bagi generasi muda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dalam penulisannya. Pencarian artikel literatur yang relevan dengan penelitian ini diperoleh melalui situs online pencarian publikasi ilmiah seperti, Google Scholar. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini penyalahgunaan narkoba dapat menimbulkan berbagai macam bahaya yang buruk terkait dengan kesehatan baik fisik maupun jasmani, hingga dapat menimbulkan kerusakan masa depan bagi generasi muda. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan terkait hal tersebut antaralain dengan mengadakan sosialisasi kepada generasi muda yang dilakukan di lingkungan pendidikan dan masyarakat.
Layanan Konseling Bagi Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkoba Pada Generasi Muda
Authors: Rizqiana Nabila Fajar , Asfia Devi Anisaul , Ladesvita Fiora
Published: December 2024

Narkoba merupakan zat yang bila dikonsumsi oleh tubuh manusia, baik yang dihisap, disuntik, dan diminum, menyebabkan perubahan suasana hati, pikiran, emosi, perasaan, dan perilaku seseorang. Sedangkan penyalahgunaan narkoba merupakan orang yang mengonsumsi narkoba tanpa pengawasan dan sepengetahuan dokter. Beberapa tahun terakhir ini kasus penyalahgunaan narkoba di Indonesia meningkat dengan signifikan, korban utamanya ialah generasi muda. Dikhawatirkan tingginya angka ketergantungan narkoba di kalangan generasi muda bisa menjadi penyebab lost generation atau hilangnya satu generasi. Untuk menanggulangi hal tersebut kita sebagai rakyat Indonesia harus melakukan berbagai usaha untuk mencegah hal tersebut, salah satunya adalah konseling. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode literature review, yaitu kajian terhadap berbagai buku, jurnal, dan artikel ilmiah yang diperoleh dari sumber pencarian online, seperti Google Scholar. Adapun tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana layanan konseling yang diberikan untuk korban penyalahgunaan narkoba dalam proses rehabilitas, khususnya pada generasi muda.
Implementasi Kebijakan Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat
Authors: Anastasia Feliciani  , Ridwan Ridwan , Fatkhuri
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa implementasi kebijakan PPKM yang dilakukan oleh Satgas Covid-19 di wilayah DKI Jakarta, serta mengetahui sejauh mana peran kebijakan PPKM dalam merubah perilaku masyarakat DKI Jakarta untuk menghadapi pandemi Covid-19 dan dampak kebijakan PPKM dalam menghadapi pandemi Covid-19 terhadap dinamika sosial-politik di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan sumber data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling. Peneliti menggunakan empat tahapan analisis data menurut Miles & Huberman, yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui fenomena implementasi dan berbagai dampak atas kebijakan PPKM yang dilakukan oleh Satgas Covid-19 di wilayah DKI Jakarta.Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa implementasi PPKM oleh Satgas Covid-19 di wilayah DKI Jakarta merupakan kebijakan administratif publik yang dijalankan melalui adopsi dan penyelarasan dengan berbagai ketentuan dan regulasi yang dirumuskan oleh pemerintah pusat yang kemudian ditindaklanjuti oleh pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta dengan meneribitkan tiga peraturan yaitu Instruksi Gubernur DKI Jakarta Nomor 22 Tahun 2020, Peraturan Gubernur DKI Jakarta Nomor 3 Tahun 2021, serta Peraturan Gubernur DKI Jakarta Nomor 23 Tahun 2020. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi PPKM oleh Satgas Covid-19 di wilayah DKI Jakarta secara teknis dijalankan melalui strategi menjaga jarak dan menghindari kerumunan dijalankan oleh sebagian masyarakat DKI Jakarta dan dibandingkan dengan strategi PPKM lainnya program ini yang paling sulit untuk dilaksanakan dan memiliki keterkaitan dengan kuat dengan faktor perekonomian dan perkembangan kemasyarakatan. Implementasi PPKM di wilayah DKI Jakarta direspon masyarakat secara beragam, dimana terdapat kelompok masyarakat pendukung kebijakan PPKM, namun terdapat kelompok yang menganggap bahwa kebijakan ini belum efektif. Dampak dari implementasi PPKM di wilayah Provinsi DKI Jakarta dapat dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu dampak positif yaitu penurunan angka positif Covid-19 yang menunjukkan pengendalian yang efektif, sedangkan dampak negatif adalah depresiasi sosial ekonomi yang menyebabkan kemiskinan di beberapa lapisan masyarakat di DKI Jakarta. .
Penegakan Hukum Mengenai Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) Di Indonesia
Authors: Reynaldi Walton , Baskoro Ammar Aziz
Published: December 2024

Hak merupakan unsur normatif yang melekat pada diri setiap manusia yang dalam penerapannya berada pada ruang lingkup hak persamaan dan hak kebebasan yang terkait dalam interaksinya antara individu atau instansi. HAM adalah hak dasar yang dimiliki manusia sejak manusia itu dilahirkan. HAM dapat dirumuskan sebagai hak yang melekat pada kodrat hidup sebagai manusia. Hak ini dimiliki oleh manusia semata-mata ia manusia, bukan karena pemberian masyarakat atau pemberian negara. Maka HAM itu tidak tergantung dari pengakuan manusia lain, masyarakat lain, atau negara lain. Masalah HAM adalah sesuatu hal yang sering kali dibicarakan dan lebih diperhatikan dalam era reformasi ini. HAM lebih dijunjung tinggi dan lebih diperhatikan dalam era reformasi daripada era sebelumnya. Perlu diingat bahwa dalam hal pemenuhan hak, kita hidup tidak sendiri dan kita hidup bersosialisasi dengan orang lain. Jangan sampai kita melakukan pelanggaran HAM terhadap orang lain dalam usaha memperoleh atau pemenuhan HAM pada kita sendiri.Kata Kunci: Perlindungan, Penegakan Hukum, Hak Asasi Manusia
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KESADARAN BELA NEGARA DALAM PEMILIHAN PRODUK PAKAIAN DALAM KEHIDUPAN SEHARI HARI
Authors: Resmi Hayati Kinanti , DWIJO UTOMO RAHINO PUTRO  , Prajapatisuta Sekti Maheswara , Falih Hartono Anggara , Atthoriq Kuswirasatya Wisanggeni , Valerian Saputra Ersa
Published: December 2024

penelitian ini membahas faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kesadaran bela negara dalam pemilihan produk pakaian dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Globalisasi telah membawa budaya luar ke Indonesia, sehingga penting bagi warga Indonesia untuk melindungi budaya mereka melalui kesadaran bela negara. Makalah ini juga membahas pengertian bela negara, kesadaran bela negara, manfaat kesadaran bela negara, hubungannya dengan mencintai produk lokal, serta faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal yang memengaruhi kesadaran bela negara. Faktor internal meliputi pendidikan, nilai-nilai keluarga, budaya, pengalaman pribadi, lingkungan sosial, pemimpin dan tokoh inspirasional, serta kondisi ekonomi dan politik. Sementara faktor eksternal meliputi konflik dan ancaman terhadap keamanan, serta aliansi dan kerjasama internasional. Kesadaran bela negara diharapkan dapat memotivasi individu untuk memilih produk lokal sebagai bentuk aksi bela negara. Mencintai produk dalam negeri dianggap sebagai bentuk perwujudan bela negara di era global saat ini. Dengan demikian, kesadaran bela negara dapat berperan penting dalam melestarikan identitas negara dan budaya, serta memotivasi individu untuk selalu berjalan menuju arah yang lebih baik.
MITIGASI BENCANA SEBAGAI BENTUK AKTUALISASI BELA NEGARA DI DESA BUANAJAYA, KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Sembada Windhiadi Yoga , Pambudi Muh Wahid Guntur , Mubarok Ihsan , Diva Febyana Angela Mericci , Barri Ichwan Abdillah , Mewangi Sabilla Adrina
Published: December 2024

Mitigasi bencana sebagai bentuk aktualisasi bela negara di Desa Buanajaya, Kabupaten Bogor bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat dalam menghadapi potensi bencana alam. Indonesia, sebagai negara kepulauan yang terletak di antara tiga lempeng tektonik besar, sering mengalami berbagai bencana alam seperti gempa bumi dan tanah longsor. Desa Buanajaya, terutama Dusun Cibeureum, memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap bencana tersebut. Melalui kegiatan sosialisasi mitigasi bencana, masyarakat diajak untuk mengenal lebih jauh tentang langkah-langkah pencegahan dan penanganan bencana. Kegiatan ini mencakup mediasi dengan anggota Desa Tanggap Bencana (DESTANA) dan sosialisasi langsung kepada warga. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap bencana, meskipun terdapat beberapa kendala dalam pelaksanaannya. Diharapkan, kegiatan ini dapat berlanjut dengan dukungan alat dan fasilitas yang memadai.
Advanced Predictive model for heart disease in clinical decision support systems
Authors: Addison Thomas , Bhadrashetty Ambresh
Published: December 2024

Heart disease continues to be a primary reason for death worldwide, underscoring the importance of early detection in order to reduce its effects. A clinical decision support system (CDSS) can be extremely helpful in facilitating an early diagnosis. A powerful Heart Disease Prediction Model (HDPM) created especially for CDSS integration is presented in this work. The suggested model uses cutting-edge methods to increase its efficacy. It detects and eliminates outliers using Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), ensuring the accuracy of the data used for training and prediction. Additionally, an integrated approach that uses the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique Edited Nearest Neighbor (SMOTE-ENN) is used to resolve the unequal distribution of classes during training data, which improves the model's ability to generalize. The model uses XG Boost, a potent machine learning algorithm well known for its for its effectiveness and success in predictive tasks, for the prediction task. Cleveland and Stat log, two well-known publicly accessible datasets, were used to assess the efficacy of the HDPM. A number of well-known models, such as naïve Bayes (NB), logistic regression (LR), multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF), were used to compare performance indicators. The outcomes showed that the HDPM performed better than the comparison models and earlier research. Its effectiveness in predicting heart disease was demonstrated by its accuracies of 95.90% on the Stat log dataset and 98.40% on the Cleveland dataset.
A Novel Approach Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Automated Dementia Detection and Classification
Authors: Marab Abhishek , Bhadrashetty Ambresh
Published: December 2024

Dementia, defined by gradual cognitive impairment affecting memory, thinking, and everyday functioning, offers considerable problems in early diagnosis and treatment. This paper offers a unique strategy leveraging deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for automated dementia identification and classification. CNNs specialize at learning detailed patterns from medical pictures, seeking to boost diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. The research relies on training a CNN architecture especially tuned for dementia classification utilizing a selected dataset of brain pictures. Transfer learning using a pre-trained CNN model fine-tunes it to distinguish minor neurological signals indicative of distinct dementia stages. The model undergoes training and validation on a varied dataset comprising classes such as Misdemeaned, Moderate Demented, Non-Demented, and Very Mild Demented, assuring strong performance across different degrees of dementia severity. In practical application, users may submit brain scan pictures via a web interface.
Deep Learning-Driven Disease Prediction System in Cloud Environments using a Big Data Approach
Authors: Srividhya E. , P Jose , Anusuya V. , Deepthi K. Jaya , Gopalsamy P. , Gopalakrishnan S.
Published: December 2024

Disease detection has gained great significance in the big data cloud systems as health organizations try to accrue manifold benefits from massive amounts of data to achieve better outcomes in patients. The ability to detect diseases with better efficiency can achieve timely interventions, better resource allocations, and enhanced treatment strategies. However, there are several challenges with the implementation of such systems regarding the integration of different kinds of data, handling imbalanced datasets, and ensuring that real-time processing is capable of supporting clinical decisions. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a novel disease prediction model on a cloud environment, incorporating the strengths of both Recurrent Neural Networks and Convolutional Neural Networks. The proposed RNN+CNN-based model can effectively capture temporal dependencies and spatial features from different data sources, like medical images and time-series patient data. This model has given improved results through extensive experimentation with different key evaluation metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC-ROC, which are quite higher than other disease prediction systems. Besides, the proposed model is optimized for light speed in inference times, reaching an incredible processing speed of 0.4 seconds per prediction. Thus, the Big Data approach provided within the cloud infrastructure will ensure the predictability and accessibility without bounded local computational resources, opening advanced predictive analytics capabilities to healthcare practitioners.
REKLAMDA MARKA FARKINDALIĞININ OLUŞTURULMASINDA GÖSTERGELERİN ÖNEMİ: TOGG REKLAM ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Toksarı Murat , Demirbağ İsmail
Published: December 2024

Küresel rekabetin yoğun olduğu günümüz dünyasında ülkelerin ekonomilerine en büyük katma değer markaların varlığı ile sağlanmaktadır. Küresel boyutta marka farkındalığı yüksek olan ülkeler daha güçlü ekonomilere sahip olmakta, bu durum yöneticilerin daha fazla markalaşma sürecine önem vermesine sebep olmaktadır. Son yıllarda dijital teknolojinin daha fazla kullanılması ile birlikte tüketiciler daha bilinçli hareket etmeye başlamış, beğendikleri ve güvendikleri markaları tercih eder hale gelmişlerdir.
Bu çalışmada, ülkemizin ilk otomobil markası olan TOGG’un ilk reklam filmi irdelenmiş ve markanın tüketiciler tarafından farkındalığını pozitif hale getirmek için hangi görsellerin ne amaçla kullandığı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, küresel boyutta marka farkındalığı herkes tarafından kabul görmüş otomobil markaları ile rekabet edecek donanıma sahip şekilde tasarlanmış TOGG otomobil markasının YouTube üzerinden yayınlanan reklam filmi göstergebilimsel yöntem ile analiz edilmiş ve reklam için yapılan yorumlar, MAXQDA 2020 programı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bu incelemeler sonucunda reklamlarda marka farkındalığını artırmak için marka, renk, logo, donanım ve yeni teknolojik özelliklerin gösterildiği, YouTube üzerinden yayınlanan bu reklam filminin 771.000 defa izlendiği, 10 bin beğeni aldığı görülmüş ve 1562 yorum yapan kişinin en fazla kullandıkları kelimelerin TOGG (122), Araba (69), Yerli (59), Güzel (52), Milli (35), Gurur (35), T10X (33), Türkiye (32), Fiyat (30), Elektrikli (16) olduğu belirlenmiştir.
ABD-ÇİN İLİŞKİLERİNİN SİNEMAYA YANSIMASI: “AMERICAN FACTORY” BELGESELİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Sunal Ahmet
Published: December 2024

Mao döneminin bitmesiyle birlikte küresel ekonomik paradigmayı benimsemeye başlayan Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti (ÇHC), dünyanın en büyük ekonomisi olma yolunda emin adımlarla ilerlemektedir. Global finans sisteminin hala lideri olan ABD ise bu yükselişi tehdit olarak algılayarak bu ülkenin güçlenmesini önlemeye yönelik farklı stratejiler geliştirmektedir. Bunlardan birisi, geniş kitlelere ulaşan medya araçlarının içeriklerinde, ideolojik ve politik mesajların yer alması veya içeriğin bunlara göre biçimlenmesidir. Neticede Althusser’in bahsettiği gibi medya araçları egemen sınıfın ideolojisini yayarak mevcut sistemin devamlılığını sağlamaktadır. Sinema da önemli bir medya aracı olarak egemen gücün düşünce dünyasının yansımalarını barındırmaktadır. Örneğin ABD tarafından herhangi bir ülkeye karşı hedeflenen negatif algı, o ülkeyi temsil eden belgeseller ile insanlara ulaşabilmekte ve böylece ABD’nin küresel hakimiyet pozisyonunun veya liderliğinin korunması için girişim gerçekleşmektedir. Bu çalışmada, dünya genelinde milyonlarca abonesi bulunan Amerikan merkezli uluslararası çevrim içi video platformu Netflix şirketinin, Çin konulu “American Factory” belgeseli üzerinden, iki ülkenin siyasi ilişkileri dikkate alınarak ABD’nin Çin’e karşı olumsuz bakış açısının yansıması ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Nihayetinde Netflix şirketi, ABD’nin yönlendirici konumda bulunduğu küresel neoliberal sisteminin kazanç odaklı bir parçası olduğundan dolayı içeriklerinde Amerikan devlet politikaların izlerine rastlamanın mümkün olacağı düşünülmektedir. Nitel içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenen belgeselde, Çin’in negatif anlamlandırılmasını sağlayan üç tema belirlenerek bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacına hizmet eden film içeriğindeki öğeler (sahneler, görüntüler vd.) kategorize edilip yorumlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak ABD merkezli egemen ideolojinin yeniden üretildiği tespit edilerek ÇHC’nin olumsuz yönde temsil edildiği bulgularına ulaşılmıştır.
YAPAY ZEKANIN REKLAMCILIK ALANINDA KULLANIMI VE YAPAY ZEKA KULLANILARAK YAZILMIŞ REKLAM FİLM SENARYO ANALİZİ
Authors: Yıldırım Erhan , Can Aytekin
Published: December 2024

Dünya bugün, konuşma tanıma, bilgisayarla görme, doğal dil işleme, yapay zeka sohbet botları veya farklı yapay zeka yeteneklerini kullanarak gören, duyan, konuşan, hareket eden ve yazan, yapay zeka araçları ve/ya yapay zeka modelleriyle karşı karşıyadır. Teknolojik ilerlemeler, ileri düzey yapay zeka modellerinin geliştirilmesini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu gelişim kuruluşların araçlardan; veri analizi, görev otomasyonu ve müşteri etkileşimi için maksimum derecede faydalanılmasını sağlamaktadır. Yapay zeka günümüzün küreselleşen dünyasında, iletişim organizasyonlarının başarısında hayati derecede rol oynamaktadır. İletişim alanında reklamcılık sektörü yapay zekadan faydalanmaktadır. Bugün, reklamcılar kişiselleştirilmiş deneyimler oluşturmak, belirli demografik grupları hedeflemek, daha hızlı kararlar almak için yapay zekayı kullanmaktadırlar. Ayrıca sosyal medya reklam metninin oluşturulmasında, reklam bütçesinin hazırlanmasında, reklam içeriğinin belirlenmesinde reklamcılık sektörü yapay zeka araçlarını tercih etmektedirler. Yapay Zekanın Reklamcılık Alanında Kullanımı ve Yapay Zeka Kullanılarak Yazılmış Reklam Film Senaryo Analizi başlıklı çalışmanın incelenmesinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yapay zeka aracı kullanılarak yazılan Lexus Es marka otomobilin film senaryosu, reklam filmi ile birlikte analiz edilmiştir. Filmin en önemli bulgusu insan ile makine birlikteliğinden sanatsal film tadında bir dakikalık filmin üretilmiş olmasıdır.
Chara zeylanica (Charophyceae, Characeae), novo registro para o sudoeste da Bahia
Authors: Caires Claudenir Simões
Published: December 2024

No Brasil e no estado da Bahia Characeae é representa pelos gêneros Chara e Nitella. Há sete espécies de Chara em território baiano, mas nenhuma delas ocorrendo na região sudoeste do estado. Desta forma, apresentamos um novo registro para Chara zeylanica no sudoeste da Bahia, encontrada no município de Anagé. Os espécimes estavam formando uma pequena população, com talos férteis, com morfologia padrão para a espécie e impregnação calcária em suas células.
The European Public Sector Open Source Opportunity: Challenges and Recommendations for Europe's Open Source Future
Authors: Osborne Cailean , Boehm Mirko , Jimenez Santamaria Ana
Published: December 2024

While the EU increasingly recognizes the value of open source, the public sector is still behind in embracing open source software, with little contribution to the ecosystem and policymaking that inhibits its potential. This report examines the present-day trends, challenges, and opportunities for OSS adoption in this sector, emphasizing the need for a cultural shift in order for open source to reach its full potential in Europe.

Synthesizing case studies and interviews with subject matter experts, the report lays out resources to encourage greater public sector adoption, engagement, and participation. Read more about the needs and recommendations for the sector in the full report.
Europe Spotlight 2023: Exploring the State of European Open Source Innovation, Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Eberhardt Colin , Odds Graham , Dunderdale Matthew
Published: December 2024

Following the success of our 2022 report, Linux Foundation Research ran a second annual research project on the state of open source in Europe. This report covers a range of open source trends, opportunities, and concerns in Europe and provides data-backed conclusions to help the ecosystem unlock even greater value from open source. It also incorporates a year-over-year comparison with 2022 findings to better understand the directional shifts in this ecosystem.

Data was collected from the worldwide survey launched earlier this year, as well as interviews with stakeholders working in the European open source community. Findings indicate that the value of open source has increased over the last year, with open source considered to be vital to the future of industry sectors, particularly in generative AI. However, there is progress to be made in contributions, public sector perceptions, and SBOMs.
Web3 and Sustainability: How We Can Reduce the Climate Impact of Blockchains, How Blockchains Can Help Reduce Our Own
Authors: Sandberg Kirsten
Published: December 2024

The promise of digital asset ownership and transfer through Web3 technologies has been countered with concern for its significant energy consumption. To manage this sustainability issue while still encouraging innovation requires collective action on technology, tracking, and policy.

In the summer of 2022, Intel and the Linux Foundation hosted a roundtable of stakeholders from across the Web3 ecosystem to discuss how various communities define and practice sustainability. The roundtable discussed solutions across different dimensions, such as more computationally efficient blockchains, the use of green energy, and implementing technical and accounting standards. The report summarizes three areas of action: governance of ecosystems, cultivation of knowledge, and greater advocacy for infrastructure innovation.
The 2023 State of Open Source in Financial Services
Authors: Carter Hilary , Delia Cara , Ellison Tosha , Eberhardt Colin , Hendrick Stephen , Holleran Philip , Lawson Adrienn
Published: December 2024

Linux Foundation Research has partnered with the Fintech Open Source Foundation (FINOS) for the last three years to study the financial services industry's use, contribution, and participation in open source.

In its third year, the annual FINOS research report analyzes quantitative and qualitative data to understand industry-wide trends in open source adoption, from banking, to asset management, to hedge funds. In comparison with the 2021 and 2022 reports, this analysis illustrates directional shifts in use and contribution of open source software and acts as a resource for industry leaders to create or refine their open source strategy.
COMUNIDADES DE PRÁTICA E LETRAMENTOS DE REEXISTÊNCIA EM UMA ESCOLA DE SAMBA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Martins Danielle da Silva , Oliveira Marcia Lisbôa Costa de
Published: December 2024

O estudo discute letramentos de reexistência construídos no carnaval do G.R.E.S Unidos do Viradouro (RJ), buscando compreender  como sentidos multimodais, inclusive em meios digitais, são negociados nessa comunidade de prática. Adotou-se abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvendo-se observação participante, análise de textos e documentos. Nas escolas de samba, o maior empreendimento comum é o desfile oficial,  sendo o engajamento mútuo vivenciado em eventos sociais e atividades relacionadas ao carnaval, situações em que se constitui um repertório compartilhado. A análise realizada indica que os letramentos de reexistência construídos na Viradouro são multimodais e indissociáveis da valorização das culturas afrodiaspóricas, ancorando-se no pertencimento à comunidade.
Модификация поверхности керамических материалов электронными пучками в форвакуумной области давлений
Authors: Климов А.С. , Бакеев И.Ю. , Зенин А.А. , Казаков А.В. , Петров А.Е. , Окс Е.М.
Published: December 2024

Исследована зависимость свойств поверхности керамики на основе диоксида циркония, стабилизированного иттрием от режимов электронно-лучевой обработки и режимов подготовки образцов керамики. Определено влияние температуры предварительного спекания от 500 до 1100 °Сна плотность и микротвердость спеченных керамических образцов. Показано, что плотность керамики нелинейно зависит от температуры предспекания. Значение микротвердости в 16±0,1 ГПа оказалось слабо зависящим от температуры предспекания. Определены режимы спекания, позволяющие получить образцы с плотность 97% от теоретически возможной, что позволяет говорить об успешности метода электронно-лучевого спекания такого типа материалов.
Editorial
Authors: Editors The
Published: December 2024

Ledare / Editorial
Korta litteraturanmälningar
Authors: Emanuelsson Göran
Published: December 2024

Korta litteraturanmälningar
Cyberbezpieczeństwo wyrobów medycznych w świetle rozporządzenia 2017/745
Authors: Greser Jarosław
Published: December 2024

Specyfika wyrobów medycznych wymaga, aby ich producenci kładli szczególny nacisk na kwestie związane z bezpieczeństwem ich stosowania. Jednocześnie rozwój technologii informatycznych, a szczególnie Internetu rzeczy, spowodował że w medycynie powszechnie zaczęto wykorzystywać wyroby komunikujące się za pośrednictwem sieci, także takie, które są na stałe do niej podłączone. Budzi to uzasadnione pytanie w zakresie ich zabezpieczenia z perspektywy cyberbezpieczeństwa. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą analizy tego zagadnienia z perspektywy przepisów rozporządzenia 2017/745, które wchodzi w życie w maju 2020 roku. W jego ramach zostanie zarysowana problematyka związana z korzystaniem z wyrobów medycznych w perspektywie zagrożeń, których źródłem jest Internet oraz obecny stan prawny dotyczący badania wyrobów medycznych pod kątem cyberbezpieczeństwa. Ponadto zostaną przeanalizowane przepisy dotyczące definicji wyrobu medycznego, w szczególności przesłanek uznających oprogramowanie za samodzielny wyrób, zasady klasyfikacji wyrobów medycznych oraz zasady ich wprowadzania do obrotu a następnie nadzorowania urządzeń będących w obrocie. Osią wspólną analiz jest pytanie o zasady stwierdzenia bezpieczeństwa z perspektywy zagrożeń płynących z sieci.
El Papel Transformador de ChatGPT en la lengua del turismo
Authors: García Antuña María
Published: December 2024

La incorporación de la Inteligencia Artificial en los últimos años a diferentes ámbitos de la sociedad está generando múltiples cambios que han modificado, entre otros, la forma en la que nos comunicamos. Esto ha recibido un impacto aún mayor en aquellos sectores en los que la comunicación es una parte relevante, como es el sector del turismo. El objetivo de esta contribución es el de analizar en qué medida, la Inteligencia Artificial, concretamente ChatGPT, se está convirtiendo en una herramienta multilingüe de gran relevancia en la transformación de la lengua del turismo.
En primer lugar, realizaremos una aproximación al chatbot desarrollado por OpenAI, ChatGPT, que es un modelo de lenguaje generativo basado en inteligencia artificial que utiliza la arquitectura de transformers, lo que le permite procesar y generar texto de manera coherente y contextualmente relevante. De este modo, veremos qué utilidad se le ha dado en el ámbito del turismo, en distintos sitios web y aplicaciones de viajes, como recomendaciones personalizadas, información sobre destinos, consejos de viaje, reseñas de hoteles y restaurantes, itinerarios personalizados y material promocional, entre otros. En segundo lugar, exploraremos las posibles aplicaciones que esta herramienta multilingüe puede tener para el traductor profesional, aportando ejemplos en el ámbito de la lengua del turismo en alemán y español. Y, en tercer lugar, abordaremos el reto que supone que esta herramienta, desarrollada fundamentalmente en inglés, se extienda hacia otros idiomas, como el español, con el propósito de abordar tanto consideraciones traductológicas, como para potenciar su capacidad de procesamiento lingüístico y su capacidad de respuesta. Finalmente, presentaremos ejemplos concretos de los textos generados por ChatGPT.
Novedades en los corpus digitales para el estudio del español oral
Authors: Carcelén Guerrero Andrea
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un panorama actualizado de corpus de español disponibles en línea para el estudio del español oral. En concreto, se da cuenta de las novedades aparecidas recientemente, así como de otros trabajos de corpus que ponen a disposición pública sus materiales para toda la comunidad científica. En este sentido, se ofrece el listado de corpus orales de español con su correspondiente ficha descriptiva, de manera que sea un recurso útil para que aquellos investigadores e investigadoras que deseen trabajar con español oral puedan conocer los corpus disponibles hasta la fecha, así como sus características fundamentales.
Medication error in in-vitro fertilization assisted-twin pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Choudhary Ravindra P. , Pethad Neha , Siddalingegowda Srikanth Malavalli , Parameshwarappa Ashok
Published: December 2024

The increase in infertility rates, particularly in India, comes with societal challenges, often targeting women. Assisted reproductive technologies like In-vitro fertilization (IVF) offer hope, but due to their intricate procedure and multiple medications, high risks of errors persist. Here, we report a case of a woman in her mid-30s undergoing IVF-assisted treatment, where an inadvertent medication error occurred, leading to subsequent complications. The patient was followed for 9 months following the incident of administration error. Multiple complications other than IVF-assisted inherent complication, can be reduced through collaborative efforts and interdisciplinary teams.
Tunable continuous-wave terahertz generator based on difference frequency generation with DAST crystal
Authors: WANG Zelong , WANG Yuye , LI Haibin , ZHANG Jingxi , XU Degang , YAO Jianquan ,   School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China,   Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Published: December 2024

Terahertz (THz) waves have been widely investigated recently due to their ability to reflect the fingerprint characteristics of samples. As a promising method, THz technology has aroused great interest in various applications, especially biological imaging, environmental monitoring, non-destructive evaluation, spectroscopy and molecular analysis. In order to reveal the intramolecular vibration/rotation information of various compounds, the linewidths of their absorption lines are usually in a range of GHz or even MHz, and THz waves with wide tunability, narrow linewidth, high frequency accuracy, and high power stability are required. Currently, the linewidth with GHz level and low SNR at higher frequency still limit its further applications in reveal intramolecular information. In this work, the thermal distribution characteristics of DAST crystals based on diamond substrates under continuous laser pumping conditions are theoretically studied by COMSOL Multiphysics, and the effectiveness of diamond substrates in dissipating heat from DAST crystals is experimentally verified. Then, a narrow-linewidth and tunable organic-crystal continuous-wave terahertz source is demonstrated. Two narrow-linewidth continuous-wave (CW) fiber lasers are used as the pump sources for generating difference frequency. The terahertz wave is continuously tunable in a range of 1.1–3 THz. The maximum output power of 3.39 nW is obtained at 2.493 THz. The power fluctuation in 30 min is measured to be 2.19%. In addition, the generated THz wave has a high polarization extinction ratio of 9.44 dB. Using this CW-THz source for high-precision spectral detection of air with different humidity, the results correspond well with the gas absorption spectral lines in the Hitran database, proving that the CW-THz source has narrow linewidth, high frequency accuracy and stability. Therefore, it can promote the practical application of tunable CW-THz source, thus having good potential in THz high-precision spectroscopic detection and multispectral imaging.
Novel class IIb microcins show activity against Gram-negative ESKAPE and plant pathogens
Authors: Mortzfeld Benedikt M , Bhattarai Shakti K , Bucci Vanni
Published: December 2024

Interspecies interactions involving direct competition via bacteriocin production play a vital role in shaping ecological dynamics within microbial ecosystems. For instance, the ribosomally produced siderophore bacteriocins, known as class IIb microcins, affect the colonization of host-associated pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae species. Notably, to date, only five of these antimicrobials have been identified, all derived from specific Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. We hypothesized that class IIb microcin production extends beyond these specific compounds and organisms. With a customized informatics-driven approach, screening bacterial genomes in public databases with BLAST and manual curation, we have discovered 12 previously unknown class IIb microcins in seven additional Enterobacteriaceae species, encompassing phytopathogens and environmental isolates. We introduce three novel clades of microcins (MccW, MccX, and MccZ), while also identifying eight new variants of the five known class IIb microcins. To validate their antimicrobial potential, we heterologously expressed these microcins in E. coli and demonstrated efficacy against a variety of bacterial isolates, including plant pathogens from the genera Brenneria, Gibbsiella, and Rahnella. Two newly discovered microcins exhibit activity against Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens, i.e., Acinetobacter baumannii or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, providing the first evidence that class IIb microcins can target bacteria outside of the Enterobacteriaceae family. This study underscores that class IIb microcin genes are more prevalent in the microbial world than previously recognized and that synthetic hybrid microcins can be a viable tool to target clinically relevant drug-resistant pathogens. Our findings hold significant promise for the development of innovative engineered live biotherapeutic products tailored to combat these resilient bacteria.
GEARBOCS: An Adeno Associated Virus Tool for In Vivo Gene Editing in Astrocytes
Authors: Sivadasan Bindu Dhanesh , Savage Justin T , Brose Nicholas , Bradley Luke , Dimond Kylie , Tan Christabel Xin , Eroglu Cagla
Published: December 2024

CRISPR/Cas9-based genome engineering enables rapid and precise gene manipulations in the CNS. Here, we developed a non-invasive astrocyte-specific method utilizing a single AAV vector, which we named GEARBOCS (Gene Editing in AstRocytes Based On CRISPR/Cas9 System). We verified GEARBOCS’ specificity to mouse cortical astrocytes and demonstrated its utility for three types of gene manipulations: knockout (KO); tagging (TagIn); and reporter knock-in (GeneTrap) strategies. Next, we deployed GEARBOCS in two test cases. First, we determined that astrocytes are a necessary source of the synaptogenic factor Sparcl1 for thalamocortical synapse maintenance in the mouse primary visual cortex. Second, we determined that cortical astrocytes express the synaptic vesicle associated Vamp2 protein and found that it is required for maintaining excitatory and inhibitory synapse numbers in the visual cortex. These results show that the GEARBOCS strategy provides a fast and efficient means to study astrocyte biology
in vivo
.
Kinesin Autoinhibition Requires Elbow Phosphorylation
Authors: Chen Guanghan , Guo Zhengyang , Zhu Zhiwen , Xie Shanshan , Zhou Tianhua , Ou Guangshuo
Published: December 2024

Kinesin motor proteins facilitate microtubule-based transport by converting chemical energy into mechanic forces, but this activity is autoinhibited until cargo is loaded. Regulatory mechanisms underlying this autoinhibitory conformation are not well understood. Here, we show that a NEver in mitosis Kinase NEKL-3 directly phosphorylates a flexible elbow region between two coiled coil domains connecting the motor head and tail of an intraflagellar transport kinesin, OSM-3. The phosphor dead (PD) mutation, but not phosphor mimic (PM) mutation, induce constitutive motility of OSM-3 in vitro. Using knock-in animals, we discovered that both PD and PM mutations shorten the
C. elegans
sensory cilia. The hyperactive OSM-3PD fails to enter cilia and abnormally accumulates in neurites, mimicking another hyperactive mutation, OSM-3G444E. Conversely, OSM-3PM enters cilia but moves at a reduced speed, indicating an inhibitory role of elbow phosphorylation in kinesin motility. These findings highlight the crucial role of elbow phosphorylation in regulating kinesin autoinhibition.
Control of cell retraction and protrusion with a single protein
Authors: De Seze Jean , Bongaerts Maud , Boulevard Benoit , Coppey Mathieu
Published: December 2024

The ability of a single protein to trigger different functions is an assumed key feature of cell signaling, yet there are very few examples demonstrating it. Here, using an optogenetic tool to control membrane localization of RhoA nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), we present a case where the same protein can trigger both protrusion and retraction when recruited to the plasma membrane, polarizing the cell in two opposite directions. We show that the basal concentration of the GEF prior to activation predicts the resulting phenotype. A low concentration leads to retraction, whereas a high concentration triggers protrusion. This unexpected protruding behavior arises from the simultaneous activation of Cdc42 by the GEF and inhibition of RhoA by the PH domain of the GEF at high concentrations. We propose a minimal model that recapitulates the phenotypic switch, and we use its predictions to control the two phenotypes within selected cells by adjusting the frequency of light pulses. Our work exemplifies a unique case of control of antagonist phenotypes by a single protein that switches its function based on its concentration or dynamics of activity. It raises numerous open questions about the link between signaling protein and function, particularly in contexts where proteins are highly overexpressed, as often observed in cancer.
”Att efterfölja amazonernas exempel”
Authors: Amundsen Bergström Matilda , Holm Ellen
Published: December 2024

This article presents the previously unknown Swedish text “Fruntimbernas tapperhet” [The bravery of women], which has been preserved in manuscript in the archive of the Gothenburg family Alströmer. This text, which is based on a Latin dissertation from 1716, contains a discussion of around 15 female exemplars who all demonstrate women’s ability to demonstrate the virtue fortitude. This is the first known Swedish-language text that uses female exemplars to construct an argument about women’s bravery. After an introduction wherein we describe the archival source and discuss dating and authorship, we offer a transcription of the full text. Thereafter, we develop an analysis of the text’s most distinguishing features. The text is situated within the context of the early modern querelle des femmes, and we discuss the fact that strikingly and unusually, the author of “Fruntimbernas tapperhet” is primarily preoccupied with martial fortitude and with women who transgress gender norms in various ways.
Characterization and clinical outcomes of outpatients with subacute or chronic post COVID-19 cough: a real-world study
Authors: Yao Chun , Cheng Dongliang , Yang Wenhong , Guo Yun , Zhou Tong
Published: December 2024

Background

Limited research exists on the features and management of post-COVID cough. This real-world study investigates outpatients with subacute or chronic post-COVID cough, aiming to delineate characteristics and regimen responses within the population.

Method

We enrolled eligible patients from our outpatient unit between August 2023 and February 2024. Comprehensive clinical data, prescriptions, and patient-reported cough severity were collected during the primary visit and subsequent follow-ups.

Result

A total of 141 patients, aged: 42 ± 14 years old, were included, with 70% being female. The median cough duration was 8 weeks (interquartile range 4–12 weeks). Sixty percent presented with a dry cough, while the rest had coughs with phlegm. Over half reported abnormal laryngeal sensations (54%). Twenty-one percent coughed during the day, while 32% coughed constantly, and 48% experienced nocturnal episodes. Compound methoxyphenamine capsules were the most prescribed, but our study found ICS/LABA to be the most effective, followed by compound methoxyphenamine capsules, montelukast, and Chinese patent drugs.

Conclusion

Females exhibit a higher prevalence of post-COVID cough, and our study recommends ICS/LABA as the preferred treatment. These findings warrant validation through larger, prospectively designed studies.
Advances in the use of Genome Editing Tools in Africa: A Review
Authors: Ogbu Angela Chinenye , Ume Okpaga Austine , Nwogiji Olando Cletus , Akeredolu Samson Olumide , Eze Ofobuike Godson , Onwe Chikezie Victor , Oduguwa Oluwasegun Ifeoluwa , Chigozie Uchenna Victor
Published: December 2024

Africa is grappling with various challenges, particularly in agricultural production and disease prevention affecting humans, animals, and crops. Gene editing, or genome editing (GE), involves modifying, adding, or removing nearly any DNA sequence in various cells and organisms. Due to new techniques, GE is now quicker, less expensive, and more effective. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is based on RNA and has been more effectively tweaked than protein-based methods, enabling multi-site manipulation. The Type II CRISPR system protects DNA from plasmids and viruses that invade it through RNA-guided DNA cleavage by Cas proteins. Several diseases are currently being treated with CRISPR-based GE technology. The raising of livestock is vital to modern society, and it is directly impacted by disease resistance. Here, we provided a comprehensive review of how these GE tools have enhanced resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses, leading to increased yields. We elaborated on how GE has also facilitated the development of disease-resistant varieties of bananas, cassava, and maize, effectively addressing plant diseases like cassava mosaic and brown streak by targeting specific genes. We further emphasized the application of GE in animal breeding, exploring the successful creation of disease-resistant livestock and developing vaccines against diseases. Our findings explored the applications of GE in tackling human health challenges, including artemisinin resistance and hepatitis B treatment. Our summary highlighted limited adoption of GE technologies only in a few African countries such as Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Egypt, Uganda, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Rwanda. We further reported the persistence of societal issues despite its advancement, including religious beliefs and concerns about the implications of GE in homes, leading to fear and discrimination against its use. We finally reported the efforts of scientists in advocating for policies and consensus on implementing GE in Africa to address these challenges.
Cultivation of Financial Technology Talents in Finance and Economics Colleges under the Background of New Liberal Arts
Authors: Li Mengting
Published: December 2024

This research explores how finance and economics colleges can effectively cultivate financial technology talents in the context of the construction of new liberal arts. The research analyzes the challenges faced by current financial and economic colleges in cultivating financial technology talents, such as a single teaching mode and limited practical platforms. It also proposes corresponding training paths, including clarifying training objectives, optimizing curriculum systems, strengthening practical teaching, building a diversified cooperative education system, enhancing faculty building, and international exchange and cooperation. Aiming to cultivate financial technology talents with interdisciplinary abilities, innovative thinking, and international perspectives through reform and innovation, in order to adapt to the rapid development of the financial technology industry.
Chaotic Dynamics of a Two-Neuron Memristive Hopfield Neural Network under Electromagnetic Radiation
Authors: Aghaei Amirhossein
Published: December 2024

Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is a recognized approach for investigating the behavior of the nervous system. This research explores a Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) with two neurons, examining the interplay between synapses and hyperbolic memristors, along with the effects of EMR. By modifying the interference among the networks and adjusting synaptic weights, we can control neuronal capabilities. The study simulates synaptic interference between the two neurons, incorporating parameters of weight and memory, and analyzes how EMR influences chaotic dynamics, complex behavior, transient disturbances, phase portraits, chaotic phenomena, and branching diagrams within these neural networks. This paper investigates how electromagnetic radiation (EMR) influences chaotic dynamics in a two-neuron-based memristive Hopfield neural network (HNN) with synaptic crosstalk. The dynamic behavior of the HNN can be regulated by altering the EMR input to the affected neuron. The proposed model has been simulated using PSpice. The findings demonstrate that external stimuli, represented by EMR, can both enhance complex dynamic behaviors and suppress chaotic patterns by adjusting parameters. Finally, circuit experiments using PSpice confirm the feasibility of the theoretical model, contributing to the control of chaotic phenomena.