bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural and wetting properties of nature's finest silks (order Embioptera)
Authors: Stokes Grace Y. , DiCicco Evangelea N. , Moore Trevor J. , Cheng Vivian C. , Wheeler Kira Y. , Soghigian John , Barber Richard P. , Edgerly Janice S.
Published: September 2018

Insects from the order Embioptera (webspinners) spin silk fibres which are less than 200 nm in diameter. In this work, we characterized and compared the diameters of single silk fibres from nine species—
Antipaluria urichi
,
Pararhagadochir trinitatis
,
Saussurembia calypso
,
Diradius vandykei
,
Aposthonia ceylonica
,
Haploembia solieri
,
H. tarsalis
,
Oligotoma nigra
and
O. saundersii
. Silk from seven of these species have not been previously quantified. Our studies cover five of the 10 named taxonomic families and represent about one third of the known taxonomic family-level diversity in the order Embioptera. Naturally spun silk varied in diameter from 43.6 ± 1.7 nm for
D. vandykei
to 122.4 ± 3.2 nm for
An. urichi.
Mean fibre diameter did not correlate with adult female body length. Fibre diameter is more similar in closely related species than in more distantly related species. Field observations indicated that silk appears shiny and smooth when exposed to rainwater. We therefore measured contact angles to learn more about interactions between silk and water. Higher contact angles were measured for silks with wider fibre diameter and higher quantity of hydrophobic amino acids. High static contact angles (ranging up to 122° ± 3° for
An. urichi
) indicated that silken sheets spun by four arboreal, webspinner species were hydrophobic. A second contact angle measurement made on a previously wetted patch of silk resulted in a lower contact angle (average difference was greater than 27°) for all four species. Our studies suggest that silk fibres which had been previously exposed to water exhibited irreversible changes in hydrophobicity and water adhesion properties. Our results are in alignment with the ‘super-pinning’ site hypothesis by Yarger and co-workers to describe the hydrophobic, yet water adhesive, properties exhibited by webspinner silk fibres. The physical and chemical insights gained here may inform the synthesis and development of smaller diameter silk fibres with unique water adhesion properties.
Does 1,8-diiodooctane affect the aggregation state of PC
71
BM in solution?
Authors: Bernardo Gabriel , Washington Adam. L. , Zhang Yiwei , King Stephen. M. , Toolan Daniel. T. W. , Weir Michael P. , Dunbar Alan D. F. , Howse Jonathan R. , Dattani Rajeev , Fairclough John Patrick A. , Parnell Andrew J.
Published: September 2018

1,8-Diiodooctane (DIO) is an additive used in the processing of organic photovoltaics and has previously been reported, on the basis of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements, to deflocculate nano-aggregates of [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC
71
BM) in chlorobenzene. We have critically re-examined this finding in a series of scattering measurements using both X-rays and neutrons. With SAXS, we find that the form of the background solvent scattering is influenced by the presence of DIO, that there is substantial attenuation of the X-rays by the background solvent and that there appears to be beam-induced aggregation. All three factors call into question the suitability of SAXS for measurements on these samples. By contrast, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements, performed at concentrations of 15 mg ml
−1
up to and including 40 mg ml
−1
, show no difference in the aggregation state for PC
71
BM in chlorobenzene with and without 3% DIO; we find PC
71
BM to be molecularly dissolved in all solvent cases.
In
situ
film thinning measurements of spin-coated PC
71
BM solution with the DIO additive dry much slower. Optical imaging shows that the fullerene films possess enhanced molecular mobility in the presence of DIO and it is this which, we conclude, improves the nanomorphology and consequently solar cell performance. We propose that any compatible high boiling solvent would be expected to show the same behaviour.
Potential flow through a cascade of aerofoils: direct and inverse problems
Authors: Baddoo P. J. , Ayton L. J.
Published: September 2018

The potential flow through an infinite cascade of aerofoils is considered as both a direct and inverse problem. In each case, a perturbation expansion about a background uniform flow is assumed where the size of the perturbation is comparable to the aspect ratio of the aerofoils. This perturbation must decay far upstream and also satisfy particular edge conditions, including the Kutta condition at each trailing edge. In the direct problem, the flow field through a cascade of aerofoils of known geometry is calculated. This is solved analytically by recasting the situation as a Riemann–Hilbert problem with only imaginary values prescribed on the chords. As the distance between aerofoils is taken to infinity, the solution is seen to converge to a known analytic expression for a single aerofoil. Analytic expressions for the surface velocity, lift and deflection angle are presented as functions of aerofoil geometry, angle of attack and stagger angle; these show good agreement with numerical results. In the inverse problem, the aerofoil geometry is calculated from a prescribed tangential surface velocity along the chords and upstream angle of attack. This is found via the solution of a singular integral equation prescribed on the chords of the aerofoils.
COmplexome Profiling ALignment (COPAL) reveals remodeling of mitochondrial protein complexes in Barth syndrome
Authors: Strien Joeri Van , Guerrero-Castillo Sergio , Chatzispyrou Iliana A. , Houtkooper Riekelt H. , Brandt Ulrich , Huynen Martijn A.
Published: September 2018

Motivation

Complexome profiling combines native gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to obtain the inventory, composition and abundance of multiprotein assemblies in an organelle. Applying complexome profiling to determine the effect of a mutation on protein complexes requires separating technical and biological variations from the variations caused by that mutation.

Results

We have developed the COmplexome Profiling ALignment (COPAL) tool that aligns multiple complexome profiles with each other. It includes the abundance profiles of all proteins on two gels, using a multidimensional implementation of the dynamic time warping algorithm to align the gels. Subsequent progressive alignment allows us to align multiple profiles with each other. We tested COPAL on complexome profiles from control mitochondria and from Barth syndrome (BTHS) mitochondria, which have a mutation in tafazzin gene that is involved in remodelling the inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipid cardiolipin. By comparing the variation between BTHS mitochondria and controls with the variation among either, we assessed the effects of BTHS on the abundance profiles of individual proteins. Combining those profiles with gene set enrichment analysis allows detecting significantly affected protein complexes. Most of the significantly affected protein complexes are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (MICOS, prohibitins), or are attached to it (the large ribosomal subunit).

Availability and implementation

COPAL is written in Python and is available from gttp://github.com/cmbi/copal.

Contact

huynen@cmbi.ru.nl
Brain correlates of action word memory
Authors: Shebani Zubaida , Carota Francesca , Hauk Olaf , Rowe James B. , Barsalou Lawrence W. , Tomasello Rosario , Pulvermüller Friedemann
Published: September 2018

When understanding language semantically related to actions, the motor cortex is active and may be sensitive to semantic information, for example about the body-part-relationship of displayed action-related words. Conversely, movements of the hands or feet can impair memory performance for arm- and leg-related action words respectively, suggesting that the role of motor systems extends to verbal working memory. Here, we studied brain correlates of verbal memory load for action-related words using event-related fMRI during the encoding and memory maintenance of word lists. Seventeen participants saw either four identical or four different words from the same category, semantically related to actions typically performed either with the arms or with the legs. After a variable delay of 4-14 seconds, they performed a nonmatching-to-sample task. Hemodynamic activity related to the information load of words at presentation was most prominent in left temporo-occipital and bilateral posterior-parietal areas. In contrast, larger demand on verbal memory maintenance produced greater activation in left premotor and supplementary motor cortex, along with posterior-parietal areas, indicating that verbal memory circuits for action-related words include the cortical action system. Somatotopic memory load effects of arm- and leg-related words were not present at the typical precentral loci where earlier studies had found such word-category differences in reading tasks, although traces of somatotopic semantic mappings were observed at more anterior cortical regions. These results support a neurocomputational model of distributed action-perception circuits (APCs), according to which language understanding is manifest as full ignition of APCs, whereas working memory is realized as reverberant activity gradually receding to multimodal prefrontal and lateral temporal areas.
Ribosome profiling analysis of eEF3-depletedSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kasari Villu , Margus Tõnu , Atkinson Gemma C. , Johansson Marcus J.O. , Hauryliuk Vasili
Published: September 2018

In addition to the standard set of translation factors common in eukaryotic organisms, protein synthesis in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaerequires an ABCF ATPase factor eEF3, eukaryotic Elongation Factor 3. eEF3 is an E-site binder that was originally identified as an essential factor involved in the elongation stage of protein synthesis. Recent biochemical experiments suggest an additional function of eEF3 in ribosome recycling. We have characterised the global effects of eEF3 depletion on translation using ribosome profiling. Depletion of eEF3 results in decreased ribosome density at the stop codon, indicating that ribosome recycling does not become rate limiting when eEF3 levels are low. Consistent with a defect in translation elongation, eEF3 depletion causes a moderate redistribution of ribosomes towards the 5’ part of the open reading frames. We observed no E-site codon-or amino acid-specific ribosome stalling upon eEF3 depletion, supporting its role as a general elongation factor. Surprisingly, depletion of eEF3 leads to a relative decrease in P-site proline stalling, which we hypothesise is a secondary effect of generally decreased translation and/or decreased competition for the E-site with eIF5A.
Protein Family Classification using Deep Learning
Authors: Naveenkumar K S , Mohammed Harun Babu R , Vinayakumar R , Soman KP
Published: September 2018

Protein classification is responsible for the biological sequence, we came up with an idea which deals with the classification of proteomics using deep learning algorithm. This algorithm focuses mainly to classify sequences of protein-vector which is used for the representation of proteomics. Selection of the type protein representation is challenging based on which output in terms of accuracy is depended on, The protein representation used here is n-gram i.e. 3-gram and Keras embedding used for biological sequences like protein. In this paper we are working on the Protein classification to show the strength and representation of biological sequence of the proteins.
Robustness of RADseq for evolutionary network reconstruction from gene trees
Authors: Blanco-Pastor José Luis , Bertrand Yann J.K. , Liberal Isabel María , Wei Yanling , Brummer E.Charles , Pfeil Bernard E.
Published: September 2018

Although hybridization has played an important role in the evolution of many species, phylogenetic reconstructions that include hybridizing lineages have been historically constrained by the available models and data. Recently, the combined development of high-throughput sequencing and evolutionary network models offer new opportunities for phylogenetic inference under complex patterns of hybridization in the context of incomplete lineage sorting. Restriction site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) has been a popular sequencing technique for evolutionary reconstructions of close relatives in the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) era. However, the utility of RADseq data for the reconstruction of complex evolutionary networks has not been thoroughly discussed. Here, we used new molecular data collected from diploid perennialMedicagospecies using single-digest RADseq to reconstruct evolutionary networks from gene trees, an approach that is computationally tractable with datasets that include several species and complex patterns of hybridization. Our analyses revealed that complex network reconstructions from RADseq-derived gene trees were not robust under variations of the assembly parameters and filters. Filters to exclusively select loci with high phylogenetic information created datasets that retrieved the most anomalous topologies. Conversely, alternative clustering thresholds or filters on the number of samplesperlocus affected the level of missing data but had a lower impact on networks. When most anomalous networks were discarded, all remaining network analyses consistently supported a hybrid origin forM. carstiensisandM. cretacea.
Gene duplication accelerates the pace of protein gain and loss from plant organelles
Authors: Costello Rona , Emms David M. , Kelly Steven
Published: September 2018

Introductory paragraph

A hallmark of eukaryotic cells is the compartmentalisation of intracellular processes into specialised membrane-bound compartments known as organelles. Plant cells contain several such organelles including the nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondrion, peroxisome, golgi, endoplasmic reticulum and vacuole. Organelle biogenesis and function is dependent on the concerted action of numerous nuclear-encoded proteins which must be imported from the cytosol (or endoplasmic reticulum) where they are made. Using phylogenomic approaches coupled to ancestral state estimation we show that the rate of change in plant organellar proteome content is proportional to the rate of molecular sequence evolution such that the proteomes of chloroplasts and mitochondria lose or gain ~3.2 proteins per million years. We show that these changes in protein targeting have predominantly occurred in genes with regulatory rather than metabolic functions, and thus altered regulatory capacity rather than metabolic function has been the major theme of plant organellar evolution. Finally we show gain and loss of protein targeting occurs at a higher rate following gene duplication events, revealing that gene and genome duplication are a key facilitator of organelle evolution.
Endothelial cells filopodia participation in the anastomosis of CNS capillaries
Authors: Marin-Padilla Miguel , Howard Louisa
Published: September 2018

By combining the classic Golgi method and the electron microscope, we have gained a better understanding of the anastomosis of CNS blood capillaries. The participation of growing capillary’ leading endothelial cells filopodia in the anastomotic process is described. The two approaching capillaries leading endothelial cells filopodia intermingle and interact forming complex conglomerates with narrow spaces filled with proteinaceous material (possibly basal lamina) secreted by them. The presence of tight junctions among the filopodia corroborates their vascular nature. Their presence also suggests a different endothelial cells origin as will those from the two approaching capillaries. The original narrow spaces coalesce into larger ones leading to the eventual formation of a single one that will interconnect (anastomose) the two capillaries. The newly formed post-anastomotic CNS capillaries are rather small with irregular and narrow lumina that might permit the passage of fluid but not yet of blood cells. Eventually, the new capillaries lumina will enlarge permitting the passage of blood cells.

Funding information

The M. M-P. Golgi studies were supported by a “Jacob Javits Neurosciences Investigator Award". NIH Grant NS-22897. And the L. H. EM studies were supported by the Gilman Fund/Class of 1978 Life Sciences Center. M. M-P. is Emeritus Professor of Pathology and Pediatrics and L. H. is a Consulting Electron Microscopists. Both from the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth. Hanover, NH 03755, USA
Structure determination and crystal chemistry of large repeat mixed-layer hexaferrites
Authors: Delacotte C. , Whitehead G. F. S. , Pitcher M. J. , Robertson C. M. , Sharp P. M. , Dyer M. S. , Alaria J. , Claridge J. B. , Darling G. R. , Allan D. R. , Winter G. , Rosseinsky M. J.
Published: September 2018

Hexaferrites are an important class of magnetic oxides with applications in data storage and electronics. Their crystal structures are highly modular, consisting of Fe- or Ba-rich close-packed blocks that can be stacked in different sequences to form a multitude of unique structures, producing large anisotropic unit cells with lattice parameters typically >100 Å along the stacking axis. This has limited atomic-resolution structure solutions to relatively simple examples such as Ba2Zn2Fe12O22, whilst longer stacking sequences have been modelled only in terms of block sequences, with no refinement of individual atomic coordinates or occupancies. This paper describes the growth of a series of complex hexaferrite crystals, their atomic-level structure solution by high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and imaging methods, and their physical characterization by magnetometry. The structures include a new hexaferrite stacking sequence, with the longest lattice parameter of any hexaferrite with a fully determined structure.
Using children’s search patterns to predict the quality of their creative problem solving
Authors: Olivares-Rodríguez Cristian , Guenaga Mariluz , Garaizar Pablo
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a computational model that implicitly predict the children’s creative quality of solutions by analyzing the query pattern on a problem-solving-based lesson.

Design/methodology/approach

A search task related to the competencies acquired in the classroom was applied to automatically measure children’ creativity. A blind review process of the creative quality was developed of 255 primary school students’ solutions.

Findings

While there are many creativity training programs that have proven effective, many of these programs require measuring creativity previously which involves time-consuming tasks conducted by experienced reviewers, i.e. far from primary school classroom dynamics. The authors have developed a model that predicts the creative quality of the given solution using the search queries pattern as input. This model has been used to predict the creative quality of 255 primary school students’ solutions with 80 percent sensitivity.

Research limitations/implications

Although the research was conducted with just one search task, participants come from two different countries. Therefore, the authors hope that this model provides detection of non-creative solutions to enable prompt intervention and improve the creative quality of solutions.

Originality/value

This is the first implicit classification model of query pattern in order to predict the children’ creative quality of solutions. This model is based on a conceptual relation between the concept association of creative thinking and query chain model of information search.
Coupled analysis of vehicle stability in crosswind on low adhesion road
Authors: Li Shuya , Gu Zhengqi , Huang Taiming , Chen Zhen , Liu Jun
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a two-way coupling approach for investigating the aerodynamic stability of vehicles under the combined effect of crosswind and road adhesion.

Design/methodology/approach

The author develops a new two-way coupling approach, which couples large eddy simulation with multi-body dynamics (MBD), to investigate the crosswind stability on three different adhesion roads: ideal road, dry road and wet road. The comparison of the results obtained using the traditional one-way coupling approach and the new two-way coupling approach is also done to assess the necessity to use the proposed coupling technique on low adhesion roads, and the combined effect of crosswind and road adhesion on vehicle stability is analyzed.

Findings

The results suggest that the lower the road adhesion is, the larger deviation a vehicle generates, the more necessary to conduct the two-way coupling simulation. The combined effect of the crosswind and road adhesion can decrease a vehicle’s lateral motion on a high adhesion road after the disappearing of the crosswind. But on a low adhesion road, the vehicle tends to be unstable for its large head wind angle. The vehicle stability in crosswind on a low adhesion road needs more attention, and the investigation should consider the coupling of aerodynamics and vehicle dynamics and the combined effect of crosswind and road adhesion.

Originality/value

Developing a new two-way coupling approach which can capture the complex vehicle structures and the road adhesion with MBD model and the completed fluid filed structure with CFD model. The present study might be the first study considering the coupling of crosswind and low adhesion road. The proposed two-way coupling approach will be useful for researchers who study vehicle crosswind stability.
Integral transform solution of natural convection in a cylinder cavity with uniform internal heat generation
Authors: Fu Guangming , An Chen , Su Jian
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to propose the generalised integral transform technique to investigate the natural convection behaviour in a vertical cylinder under different boundary conditions, adiabatic and isothermal walls and various aspect ratios.

Design/methodology/approach

GITT was used to investigate the steady-state natural convection behaviour in a vertical cylinder with internal uniformed heat generation. The governing equations of natural convection were transferred to a set of ordinary differential equations by using the GITT methodology. The coefficients of the ODEs were determined by the integration of the eigenfunction of the auxiliary eigenvalue problems in the present natural convection problem. The ordinary differential equations were solved numerically by using the DBVPFD subroutine from the IMSL numerical library. The convergence was achieved reasonably by using low truncation orders.

Findings

GITT is a powerful computational tool to explain the convection phenomena in the cylindrical cavity. The convergence analysis shows that the hybrid analytical–numerical technique (GITT) has a good convergence performance in relatively low truncation orders in the stream-function and temperature fields. The effect of the Rayleigh number and aspect ratio on the natural convection behaviour under adiabatic and isothermal boundary conditions has been discussed in detail.

Originality/value

The present hybrid analytical–numerical methodology can be extended to solve various convection problems with more involved nonlinearities. It exhibits potential application to solve the convection problem in the nuclear, oil and gas industries.
Effects of two-phase nanofluid model on natural convection in a square cavity in the presence of an adiabatic inner block and magnetic field
Authors: Alsabery Ammar I. , Tayebi Tahar , Chamkha Ali J. , Hashim Ishak
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study problem of conjugate MHD natural convection of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a square cavity with conductive inner block using Buongiorno’s two-phase model numerically.

Design/methodology/approach

An isothermal heater is placed on the left wall of the square cavity, while the right wall is maintained at a constant cold temperature. The horizontal top and bottom walls are kept adiabatic. The boundaries of the annulus are assumed to be impermeable, the fluid within the cavity is a water-based nanofluid having Al2O3nanoparticles. The Boussinesq approximation is applicable. The governing equations subject to the boundary conditions are solved using the finite difference method.

Findings

Numerical results are presented graphically in the form of streamlines, isotherms and nanoparticles distributions as well as the local and average Nusselt numbers. The results show that the effect of the nanoparticles addition on the average Nusselt number is essential for low Rayleigh, high Hartmann and high values of length ratio when attenuated the convective flow.

Originality/value

According to exist studies and to the authors’ best knowledge, so far, there have been no studies of conjugate natural convection of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a square cavity with a conductive inner block using Buongiorno’s two-phase model with the effect of the magnetic field. Thus, the authors believe that this work is new and valuable. The aim of this study is to investigate the MHD natural convection of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a square cavity with conductive inner block using Buongiorno’s two-phase model.
Adoption of the Internet of Things technologies in business procurement: impact on organizational buying behavior
Authors: Osmonbekov Talai , Johnston Wesley J.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the potential of Internet of Things (IoT) to affect organizational buying behavior. Potential impacts on organizational communication, buying center structure and processes and privacy and security issues are discussed.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual paper that advances testable propositions based on the technology overview and use of existing organizational buying behavior theory.

Findings

This paper concludes that major changes are likely as a result of the adoption of IoT. The nature of organizational communication may shift to more machine-to-machine communication and buying centers may become smaller, less hierarchical but more coordinated, with less conflict. In addition, privacy and security concerns will need to be addressed.

Originality/value

This is the first attempt to conceptualize the impact of adoption of IoT technologies that may help future researchers to examine the impact on a more granular level. For practitioners, it may help them prepare for the impacts of the IoT technological juggernaut.
Family ownership and financial reporting quality: Iranian evidence
Authors: Mousavi Shiri Mahmoud , Salehi Mahdi , Abbasi Fatemeh , Farhangdoust Shayan
Published: September 2018

Purpose

In the process of reporting accounting information, the auditor’s objective is to detect possible misstatements and errors in accounting information. Audit evidence aids auditors in providing reasonable assurance about the quality of financial reporting. Studying the quality of family firms’ financial reporting is of higher importance relative to non-family firms due to lower risk of accounting manipulation. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between family ownership structure and financial reporting quality from an auditing perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

To analyze the research hypotheses, the authors use a sample data consisted of 221 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (including 52 family and 169 non-family firms) over a five-year span from 2011 to 2015.

Findings

Using multivariate regression analysis of panel data, our results indicate that audit risk in family firms is lower than their counterparts. Likewise, the findings are indicative of lower audit fees paid by family firms as compared to non-family ones. The authors also find that auditors put more effort in family firms and thus audit effort is more significant for these kinds of firms.

Originality/value

The study focuses on family ownership and financial reporting quality in a developing country like Iran and the results of the study may be beneficial to other developing nations, as Iran stock market possesses some unique features which are not normally prevailing in other equity markets, even in the Middle East.
Workplace incivility and knowledge hiding behavior: does personality matter?
Authors: Arshad Rasidah , Ismail Ida RosnitaI
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between workplace incivility and knowledge hiding, and role of personality disposition (neuroticism) in moderating such relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 108 employees nested in 18 teams from private sectors via survey questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression models were used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The findings show that the higher the level of workplace incivility experienced by the team members, the higher the tendency for them to hide knowledge and this relationship is moderated by neuroticism. Specifically, the relationship was found to be stronger for those employees high in neuroticism compared to those low in neuroticism.

Practical implications

The study offers important implication in term of knowledge hiding prevention or reduction. The behavior can be reduced by creating awareness among employees on the importance of civility at work via campaign, realistic job preview and leading by example. To manage the effect of neuroticism, managers need to identify those high in the trait and provide them with training on how to better regulate and manage negative emotions in the workplace.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the research on knowledge hiding behavior by advancing the understanding of organizational and personal factors that can influence knowledge hiding among employees working in team. It is the first to propose and empirically validate the predictive effect of workplace incivility on knowledge hiding. It also addresses the usefulness of examining personality disposition in understanding the relationship between workplace incivility and knowledge hiding behavior.
Effects of cognitive and affective trust on online customer behavior
Authors: Punyatoya Plavini
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Although prior works in online retailing have addressed the influence of trust on customer responses, they conceptualized trust as a single dimension. Based on social-psychological literature and sociological literature, this study proposes that consumer trust in an online retailer has two principal forms: cognitive trust and affective trust. The purpose of this paper is to examine various factors influencing the development of each form of customer online trust and the subsequent effect on customer satisfaction (CS) and loyalty intention (LI).

Design/methodology/approach

Survey approach is employed to validate the research model. Data are collected from 334 Indian consumers and using structural equation modeling the causal pathways of the model are investigated.

Findings

The results show that cognitive trust and affective trust are empirically distinguished variables in online retailing context. Cognitive trust and affective trust are found to mediate the relationship between perceived website quality, security and privacy policy, prior-interaction experience, perceived e-tailer reputation and shared value and CS. CS also positively influences LI toward the online retailer.

Practical implications

The paper provides interesting insights about Indian consumers’ evaluation of online retailers. These useful insights would enable both international and national online retailers to develop and apply different strategies to improve customer trust, which is a key driver of CS and LI.

Originality/value

Drawing from signaling theory and organizational studies literature, this paper investigates the relationship between different antecedents and affect-based and cognition-based trust in online retailing context. In particular, this is the first study to examine multi-dimensional nature of consumer trust in online retailing context. Besides, this paper clearly shows that cognitive trust and affective trust are the mediating variables that positively affect CS toward online retailers and help in building strong customer LI.
Human factor‐designed multimodal intervention reduces the rate of unused peripheral intravenous cannula insertion
Authors: Egerton‐Warburton Diana , McAllan Fern , Ramanan Radha , Lim Zheng Jie , Nagle Daniel , Dendle Claire , Stuart Rhonda
Published: September 2018

Objective

Our objective was to examine the impact of a human factor‐designed multimodal intervention on the proportion of unused peripheral i.v. cannula (PIVC) insertion in our ED.

Methods

A pre‐ and post‐multimodal intervention retrospective cohort study was conducted using a structured electronic medical record review within a single adult tertiary ED in Australia. Pre‐intervention data was collected 30 days prior to the multimodal intervention, with 30 day post‐intervention data collected 3 months after the intervention commenced. The rates of PIVC inserted, the unused rate and the unused but appropriately inserted cannulas were the main outcome measures.

Results

Intravenous cannula insertion rates decreased by 12.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.19–13.61) between the pre‐intervention (1413/4167 [33.9%]; 95% CI 32.5–35.4) and post‐intervention cohort (928/4421 [21.0%]; 95% CI 19.8–22.2). An analysis of 754 cases (376 pre‐intervention and 378 post‐intervention) showed that 139 of 376 (37.0%; 95% CI 32.1–42.1) i.v. cannulas were unused pre‐intervention, while 73 of 378 (19.3%; 95% CI 15.4–23.7) was unused post‐intervention; an absolute reduction of 17.7% (95% CI 14.98–20.42). The relative risk of an unused i.v. cannula was 0.52 (95% CI 0.41–0.67). The proportion of unused but appropriately inserted i.v. cannulas remained unchanged in both cohorts, with a relative risk of 0.91 (95% CI 0.58–1.42).

Conclusion

Our multimodal intervention successfully reduced the number of unused PIVCs inserted in the ED, with a reduction in overall and unused PIVC insertions without any change in appropriate insertions.
The relationship between corporate social responsibility, financial misstatements and SEC enforcement actions
Authors: Tran Nam , O'Sullivan Don
Published: September 2018

This study explores the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR), financial misstatements and SEC enforcement actions. We find that firms with higher CSR are less likely to receive SEC enforcement actions for financial misstatements. Drawing on insights from stakeholder theory and the reputational literature, we identify two channels underpinning this relationship: (i) firms with higher CSR are less likely to engage in financial misstatements and (ii) the reputational effect of CSR reduces the likelihood of SEC enforcement actions. We find empirical evidence consistent with both channels.
Quality of life and participation of young adults with a visual impairment aged 18–25 years: comparison with population norms
Authors: Elsman Ellen Bernadette Maria , van Rens Gerardus Hermanus Maria Bartholomeus , van Nispen Ruth Marie Antoinette
Published: September 2018

Purpose

To compare health‐related quality of life and participation of visually impaired young adults with normative groups, and to explore severity of vision loss and its association with participation and quality of life.

Methods

Young adults aged 18–25 years (n = 172) registered at two Dutch low vision rehabilitation organizations completed the Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36), EuroQol‐5 Dimensions (EQ‐5D), Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA) and Low Vision Quality of Life questionnaire (LVQOL). EQ‐5D and SF‐36 scores were compared to age‐specific norms. IPA scores were compared to norms of a population having three chronic diseases simultaneously. Linear regression was used to assess the association between severity of vision loss (mild VI, moderate VI and severe VI/blindness), and quality of life and participation.

Results

Participants scored significantly worse on almost all (sub)scales compared with relevant norms. Effect sizes for the EQ‐5D and SF‐36 (sub)scales were mostly small; moderate and large effect sizes were found for the IPA. Compared to young adults with mild VI, corrected models showed a significant association between having moderate VI and the physical component score of the SF‐36, and between severe VI/blindness and the LVQOL.

Conclusion

VI has a moderate impact on some aspects of quality of life and a large impact on participation of young adults when compared with relevant normative populations. Severity of vision loss is associated with worse physical functioning and vision‐related quality of life. The results contribute to a better understanding of the impact of VI and might lead to improved low vision services.
Estimating heritability of refractive error in Koreans: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Hwang Ho Sik , Park Gyeong‐Hun , Heo Jang Won , Kim Mee Kum , Baek Seung‐Hee , Cho Bum‐Joo
Published: September 2018

Purpose

To estimate the familial correlation and heritability of refractive error in general Korean population.

Methods

From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 13 258 subjects of 7920 families, who were aged ≥19 years, were included in the study. Using variance components analysis, the additive genetic effect, or heritability, and the common and unique environmental effects on refractive error were examined, adopting common environments shared by cohabiting family or by siblings.

Results

The proportions of hyperopia, myopia and high myopia in Koreans were 0.8%, 45.2% and 5.7% respectively. The correlation coefficients of spherical equivalent (SE) were 0.257 for parent–offspring pairs, 0.410 for sibling pairs and 0.112 for spouse pairs (p < 0.001 for all). Common environment shared by siblings affected the variation of SE significantly (p < 0.001), but that shared by cohabitants did not (p = 0.395). Adopting common environment shared by siblings, the heritability, common environmental effect and unique environmental effect of refractive error were 42.1 ± 3.3%, 11.8 ± 3.5% and 46.1 ± 3.9% respectively. Heritabilities of hyperopia, myopia and high myopia were 45.7%, 44.3% and 68.9% respectively. Adjusted odds ratios of myopia among offspring were 3.78 given one parent has myopia and 4.43 when both parents have myopia.

Conclusion

Refractive error is influenced by common environment shared by siblings. The heritability of refractive error is higher for high myopia than for myopia or hyperopia.
Building collaboration in the co‐production of knowledge with people with intellectual disabilities about their everyday use of city space
Authors: Fudge Schormans Ann , Wilton Robert , Marquis Nick
Published: September 2018

We engage with scholarship in participatory geographies and critical disability studies to consider the difficulties and prospects of co‐producing knowledge with people with intellectual disabilities in a project examining their uses of urban public space. The research employed an inclusive, collaborative design and had an explicit focus on social change, articulated in the research process (e.g., the development of research and self‐advocacy skills) and outcomes (e.g., lobbying to improve material conditions, challenging ableist assumptions about “intellectual disability”). Our analysis highlights three tensions: the time/spaces constraints faced in “slow” participatory work, the nature and duration of relationships among collaborators and the shifting relations of power and influence within the project. We reflect critically on how these tensions were negotiated and what lessons might be learned for participatory practice.
Pharmacological management of X‐linked hypophosphataemia
Authors: Imel Erik A. , White Kenneth E.
Published: September 2018

The most common heritable disorder of renal phosphate wasting, X‐linked hypophosphataemia (XLH), was discovered to be caused by inactivating mutations in the phosphate regulating gene with homology to endopeptidases on the X‐chromosome (PHEX) gene in 1995. Although the exact molecular mechanisms by which PHEX mutations cause disturbed phosphate handling in XLH remain unknown, focus for novel therapies has more recently been based upon the finding that the bone‐produced phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor‐23 is elevated in XLH patient plasma. Previous treatment strategies for XLH were based upon phosphate repletion plus active vitamin D analogues, which are difficult to manage, fail to address the primary pathogenesis of the disease, and can have deleterious side effects. A novel therapy for XLH directly targeting fibroblast growth factor‐23 via a humanized monoclonal antibody (burosumab‐twza/CRYSVITA, henceforth referred to just as burosumab) has emerged as an effective, and recently approved, pharmacological treatment for both children and adults. This review will provide an overview of the clinical manifestations of XLH, the molecular pathophysiology, and summarize its current treatment.
CLARITY‐BPA academic laboratory studies identify consistent low‐dose Bisphenol A effects on multiple organ systems
Authors: Prins Gail S. , Patisaul Heather B. , Belcher Scott M. , Vandenberg Laura N.
Published: September 2018

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high‐production chemical used in a variety of applications worldwide. While BPA has been documented as an endocrine‐disrupting chemical (EDC) having adverse health‐related outcomes in multiple studies, risk assessment for BPA has lagged due to reliance on guideline toxicology studies over academic ones with end‐points considered more sensitive and appropriate. To address current controversies on BPA safety, the United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) established the Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on BPA Toxicity (CLARITY‐BPA) using the NCTR Sprague‐Dawley rats. The goal of CLARITY‐BPA is to perform a traditional regulatory toxicology study (Core study) in conjunction with multiple behavioural, molecular and cellular studies by academic laboratories focused on previously identified BPA‐sensitive organ systems (Academic studies). Combined analysis of the data from both study types will be undertaken by the NTP with the aim of resolving uncertainties on BPA toxicity. To date, the Core study has been completed and a draft report released. Most of the academic studies have also been finalized and published in peer‐reviewed journals. In light of this important milestone, the PPTOX‐VI meeting held in the Faroe Islands, 27‐30 May 2018 devoted a plenary session to CLARITY‐BPA with presentations by multiple investigators with the purpose of highlighting key outcome. This MiniReview synthesizes the results of three academic studies presented at this plenary session, evaluates recently published findings by other CLARITY‐BPA academic studies to provide an early combined overview of this emerging data and places this in the context of the Core study findings. This co‐ordinated effort revealed a plethora of significant BPA effects across multiple organ systems and BPA doses with non‐monotonic responses across the dose range utilized. Remarkably consistent across most studies, including the Core study, are low‐dose effects (2.5, 25 and 250 μg BPA/kg body‐weight). Collectively, the findings highlighted herein corroborate a significant body of evidence that documents adverse effects of BPA at doses relevant to human exposures and emphasizes the need for updated risk assessment analysis.
Coupled Fluid Density and Motion from Single Views
Authors: Eckert M.‐L. , Heidrich W. , Thuerey N.
Published: September 2018

We present a novel method to reconstruct a fluid's 3D density and motion based on just a single sequence of images. This is rendered possible by using powerful physical priors for this strongly under‐determined problem. More specifically, we propose a novel strategy to infer density updates strongly coupled to previous and current estimates of the flow motion. Additionally, we employ an accurate discretization and depth‐based regularizers to compute stable solutions. Using only one view for the reconstruction reduces the complexity of the capturing setup drastically and could even allow for online video databases or smart‐phone videos as inputs. The reconstructed 3D velocity can then be flexibly utilized, e.g., for re‐simulation, domain modification or guiding purposes. We will demonstrate the capacity of our method with a series of synthetic test cases and the reconstruction of real smoke plumes captured with a Raspberry Pi camera.
Liquid Splash Modeling with Neural Networks
Authors: Um Kiwon , Hu Xiangyu , Thuerey Nils
Published: September 2018

This paper proposes a new data‐driven approach to model detailed splashes for liquid simulations with neural networks. Our model learns to generate small‐scale splash detail for the fluid‐implicit‐particle method using training data acquired from physically parametrized, high resolution simulations. We use neural networks to model the regression of splash formation using a classifier together with a velocity modifier. For the velocity modification, we employ a heteroscedastic model. We evaluate our method for different spatial scales, simulation setups, and solvers. Our simulation results demonstrate that our model significantly improves visual fidelity with a large amount of realistic droplet formation and yields splash detail much more efficiently than finer discretizations.
A review of systematic reviews on the effects of patient‐reported outcome monitoring with clinical feedback systems on health‐related quality of life—implications for a novel technology in obesity treatment
Authors: Hegland P. A. , Aasprang A. , Hjelle Øygard S. , Nordberg S. , Kolotkin R. , Moltu C. , Tell G. S. , Andersen J. R.
Published: September 2018

Patient‐reported outcome monitoring with clinical feedback systems (PRO/CFS) has been employed in many disease states to measure and improve health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Exploring the role of PRO/CFS in treatment for obesity may prove valuable. Systematic reviews were summarized to determine the effectiveness of PRO/CFS on HRQOL in any disease area. Primary studies evaluating the effect of PRO/CFS on HRQOL in treatment for obesity were also considered for inclusion. Systematic searches were performed in The Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, Epistemonikos, HTA, DARE, CINAHL, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, BMJ Clinical Evidence, PDQ‐Evidence and PubPsych. Two reviewers independently screened references until final inclusion and critically appraised included reviews using PRISMA checklist. Five systematic reviews and no primary studies met inclusion criteria. Although results were inconsistent, effectiveness of PRO/CFS on HRQOL was demonstrated in some diseases/treatments (e.g. psychiatric treatment; symptom burden in cancer treatment). No trials using PRO/CFS in treatment for obesity were identified. In some trials, PRO/CFS was not fully integrated into consultations, thereby PRO/CFS was not extensively studied. General effectiveness of PRO/CFS on HRQOL is inconclusive due to heterogeneous and statistically insignificant findings, and lack of stringency in conceptualization and execution of PRO/CFS. There are no data relevant to treatment for obesity. Future studies should use rigorous methodology to examine the effectiveness of PRO/CFS in treatment for obesity.