bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Routine Physiotherapy with and without Soft Tissue Mobilization in Improving Pain and Functional Mobility in Chronic Low Back Patient
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad , Mughal Samraiz , Khan Muhammad Talha Farukh , Azhar Muhammad , Bashir Ayesha , Yaseen Iqra , Ammar Muhammad , Sattar Asma
Published: December 2023

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent condition affecting a significant portion of the global population, impacting their quality of life and functional mobility. Despite various treatment modalities, the quest for the most effective intervention remains a critical area of research. Existing literature suggests varied efficacy of different physiotherapy techniques in managing CLBP.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of routine physiotherapy with and without soft tissue mobilization in improving pain and functional mobility in patients with chronic low back pain.
Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted with 128 participants, divided into two groups: Group A (routine physiotherapy with soft tissue mobilization) and Group B (routine physiotherapy without soft tissue mobilization). Baseline and post-treatment measurements included the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Participants were assessed at baseline and after a 3-month treatment period. Statistical analysis was performed using independent samples t-tests.
Results: At baseline, NPRS and ODI scores showed no significant differences between the groups (NPRS: 7.4 ± 1.2 for Group A and 7.5 ± 1.3 for Group B, p=0.760; ODI: 50.3 ± 5.0 for Group A and 50.8 ± 4.8 for Group B, p=0.690). Post-treatment, Group A demonstrated significantly greater improvement (NPRS: 2.8 ± 1.1 for Group A and 4.6 ± 1.2 for Group B, p<0.001; ODI: 19.7 ± 3.5 for Group A and 29.4 ± 4.0 for Group B, p<0.001).
Conclusion: The study concluded that routine physiotherapy combined with soft tissue mobilization was more effective in reducing pain and improving functional mobility in CLBP patients compared to routine physiotherapy alone. This suggests that incorporating soft tissue mobilization into standard physiotherapy regimens could be beneficial for CLBP management.
Effectiveness of Pain Neuroscience Education on Chronic Pain in Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Rasool Anbreena , Zafar Marium , Fatima Nisar , Ehsan Kinza , Ashraf Javeria , Hussain Muhammad Nouman
Published: December 2023

Background: Diabetic neuropathy, a common complication of diabetes mellitus, often leads to chronic pain, significantly impacting the quality of life. Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) has emerged as a potential intervention to address the bio-psychosocial aspects of chronic pain. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PNE in combination with conventional therapy in reducing pain and improving the quality of life in individuals with diabetic neuropathy.
Objective: The primary objective was to assess the impact of Pain Neuroscience Education combined with conventional therapy on pain levels and quality of life in patients with diabetic neuropathy.
Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 30 participants, divided into two groups: 15 in the treatment group and 15 in the control group. Participants were recruited from neurology and physical therapy outpatient departments and selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The treatment group received PNE and conventional therapy (TENS, stretching, and strengthening exercises), while the control group received only conventional therapy. Pain levels were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention.
Results: The pre-treatment VAS scores showed no significant difference between the groups (Treatment: Mean = 57.00, SD = 16.77583; Control: Mean = 56.2667, SD = 15.91705, P = 0.903). Post-treatment, the treatment group exhibited a significant reduction in pain (Mean = 19.6667, SD = 6.39940) compared to the control group (Mean = 45.3333, SD = 14.81634), with a mean difference of 25.66 and a P-value of 0.000.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that Pain Neuroscience Education, when combined with conventional therapy, significantly reduces pain and improves the quality of life in patients with diabetic neuropathy. This suggests that PNE could be an effective component of a multi-modal approach to managing diabetic neuropathy pain.
Rreth problemeve të normes ne lëmin e fonetikes së shqipes së sotme letrare
Authors: Dodi Anastas
Published: December 2023

Studimi i problemeve të gjuhës letrare, përcaktimi dhe argumen- timi teorik i normës letrare sot përbën një detyrë të ditës me rëndësi të madhe praktike, prandaj këtu është përqëndruar vëmendja kryesore e gjuhësisë shqiptare. Në këtë artikull ne do të analizojmë sistemin fonetik të shqipes së sotme letrare, vështruar në dy aspekte kryesore: I. Tiparet fonetike të gjuhës letrare lidhur me bazën dialektore, mbi të cilën ngrihet kjo gjuhë dhe me normat e shqiptimit. II. Marrëdhënjet midis formës së shkruar dhe formës së folur të gjuhës letrare, përputhjet dhe dallimet e tyre. Natyrisht, këto përbëjnë dy aspekte të një problemi të vetëm, prandaj shpesh është e vështirë të vihet një kufi i prerë midis tyre.
Mbi disa rregulla të fonetikës historike të shqipes
Authors: Çabej Eqrem
Published: December 2023

Formimi e ndërtimi i sistemit të tingujve dhe shkallët e ndryshme të ndërrimit fonetik, bashkë me strukturën morfologjike dhe me elementet kryesore të fjalorit, i kanë caktuar gjuhës shqipe që me periodën e saj prehistorike si dhe në rrjedhë të zhvillimit historik karakterin e saj të ve- çantë dhe i kanë shënuar vendin e saj në rrethin e idiomave motra indoeuropiane. Ky ndërtim në vijat kryesore të tij u përcaktua nga mendja sist.ematike e Gustav Meyerit; megjithatë, edhe pas modifikimeve e plotësimeve që i bënë më vonë Holger Pederseni, Norbert Jokli e të tierë dijetarë doktrinës së tij. kanë mbetur të hapëta shumë problème. Këto tani. me një shqyrtim të ri të materialit dhe me nië rrokje më rigoro- ze të liejeve të brendshme të gjuhës, mund të arrihet që në mjaft pika t’i afrohen zgjidhjes së tyre.
Sistem Pegelolaan Sampah Pasar
Authors: Fahri Moh
Published: December 2023

Latar belakang: Sampah merupakan masalah yang tidak dapat diabaikan, karena dalam semua aspek kehidupan selalu menghasilkan sampah khususnya pada tempat-tempat umum seperti pasar. Sampai saat ini masih menjadi permasalahan yang belum terpecahkan khususnya bagi Pasar Masomba  yang berada di Kota Palu.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari mengenai pengelolahan sampah di Pasar Masomba keluraha Tatura Utara Kecamatan Palu selatan Kota Palu.

Metode: Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama satu bulan  terhitung Mei-Juni, 2022. Informan dalam penelitian ini diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling yaitu terdiri dari Tukang Sampah sebagai informan kunci, Pedagang sebagai informan biasa dan pengunjung sebagai informan tambahan.

Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan sampah di pasar masomba dapat dikatakan belum maksimal karena dari segi pembuangan sementara (TPS) hanya satu yang terlekat di dekat penjual ayam di pingir jalan, dan seharusnya juga petugas pengangkutan sampah harus berjalan ke tengah-tengah lokasi pasar guna untuk mengangkut sampah-sampah yang berada di penjual sayur, maupun penjual ikan karna di dua lokasi tersebut lebih dominan banyak sampahnya di banding penjual baju.

Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan pengelolaan sampah di pasar masomba belum maksimal karena dari segi pembuangan sementara (TPS) hanya satu yang terlekat di dekat penjual ayam di pingir jalan.
Pengaruh Mutu Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Pasien Poli Gigi di Rumah Sakit Umum Anutapura Palu
Authors: Ariandini Maya , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: December 2023

Mutu pelayanan kesehatan menunjukan tingkat kesempurnaan pelayanan kesehatan dalam menimbulkan rasa puas pada diri setiap pasien. Makin sempurna kepuasan tersebut, makin baik pula mutu pelayanan kesehatan. Mutu layanan kesehatan di rumah sakit perlu dilakukan pengukuran yaitu, pengukuran setiap dimensi mutu layanan kesehatan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pasien yang diberikan layanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya diketahuinya pengaruh mutu pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pasien di Poli Gigi di Rumah Sakit Umum Anutapura Kota Palu
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN AFRIKA (Vernonia arborea Buch-Ham) DENGAN METODE DPPH
Authors: Eka Kusuma Ariya , Nisa Anisa Yolanda
Published: December 2023

Telah dilakukan penelitian Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Afrika (Vernonia arborea Buch-Ham) dengan Metoda DPPH. Sebanyak 2 kg daun afrika yang telah dikering anginkan dan di ekstrak dengan metoda maserasi, sehingga didapatkan ekstrak kental sebanyak 36,598 gram. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dengan konsentrasi DPPH 20 ppm diperoleh panjang gelombang maksimum DPPH 516 nm dengan absorban 0,549. Konsentrasi uji aktivitas antioksidan yang digunakan adalah 1.000 ppm, 800 ppm, 400 ppm dan 200 ppm. Ekstrak etanol daun afrika memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat lemah dimana didapatkan nilai IC50 sebesar 557,058 ppm.
FORMULASI SERBUK EFFERVESCENT SARI BUAH KUNDUR (Benincasa hispida (Thunb) Cogn.) DENGAN VARIASI NATRIUM BIKARBONAT
Authors: Yulia Mega , Wulandari Yudia
Published: December 2023

Buah kundur (Benincasa hispida (Thunb) Cogn.) biasa dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai obat penurun panas dan penambah stamina. Buah ini memiliki bau yang langu sehingga pemanfaatan pada masyarakat masih kurang maksimal. Salah satu usaha untuk meningkatkan kepraktisan dan kesegaran adalah dengan cara dibuat sebagai serbuk effervescent sari buah kundur. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi serbuk effervescent dengan sifat fisik yang baik untuk sari buah kundur dengan variasi konsentrasi natrium bikarbonat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan natrium bikarbonat yang dibedakan konsentrasinya untuk masing-masing formula, 2,5% untuk formula A, 3% untuk formula B dan 3,5% untuk formula C. Semua bahan dicampur dengan metode kering, lalu serbuk yang dihasilkan diayak dengan ayakan mesh 60. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap organoleptik serbuk, sifat aliran serbuk, kadar air, waktu larut, tinggi buih dan pH. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa buah kundur bisa dibuat menjadi sediaan serbuk effervescent dimana semua formulasi sediaan effervescent telah memenuhi persyaratan eveluasi serbuk (organoleptik, sifat aliran serbuk, tinggi buih dan pH), tetapi dalam evaluasi kadar air semua formulasi belum memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Lotion Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: DEVAHIMER HARSEP ROSI DEVAHIMER HARSEP ROSI , Afriani Tika , Alysa Putri Hasnah
Published: December 2023

Papaya leaves contain phytochemical including alkaloid, saponin, tannin, flavonoid, triterpenoid, and asiaticoside glycoside. Flavonoid compounds in papaya leaves function as antioxidant that can capture free radicals. This study aims to determine the ethanol extract of papaya leaves can be formulated into lotion preparation and to test the antioxidant activity of these preparation. This study used an experimental method of lotion preparation made with varying concentrations of papaya leaf ethanol extract 2g (F1), 4g (F2), 6g (F3). Physical evaluation include organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, irritation test, spreadability test, and antioxidant activity test. All formulas met the physical evaluation requirements. The papaya leaf ethanol extract lotion has the highest IC50 value, namely at F3 of 44.72 ppm in the very strong antioxidant category.
Dual-Band Metamaterial Microwave Absorber using Ring and Circular Patch with Slits
Authors: Sim M. S. , You K. Y. , Dewan R. , Esa F. , Salim M. R. , Kew S. Y. N. , Hamid F.
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a dual-band metamaterial microwave absorber operating at 2.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The absorber consists of a ring and a circular patch with slits resonator structures printed on a FR4 dielectric substrate backed by a ground layer. The main advantage of the absorber lies in its design flexibility in which each absorption band is independent and can be individually tuned by changing the dimensions of each resonator structure. The absorber unit cell is simulated and parametrically optimized using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. The absorption mechanism is analyzed through surface current analysis.  The absorber prototype, with dimensions of 200 × 200 × 1.6 mm3 and consisting of an array of 7 × 7 unit cells, is fabricated and experimentally investigated using antennas in free-space measurement. The absorber exhibits over 97% absorption at both resonance frequencies. Furthermore, the absorber is demonstrated to be applicable in sensing applications for dielectric constant determination. With its design simplicity, wide-angle receptive, and polarization insensitive behavior, it is envisaged that the proposed absorber will find practical use in absorbing and sensing applications.
A Histomorphometric Analysis of Interganglionic Distance in the Myenteric Plexus of the Entire Large Intestine of Aborted Human Foetuses: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Goriparthi Bhavani Prasad , Xavier Chandra Philip , Ramdas Anita , George Valsa Diana
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) contributes to the innervation of the gut and is considered the second brain in the gut. It is a part of the peripheral nervous system and the ganglionated plexus (GP) of enteric neurons, present in the layers of the digestive tract, is more complex than any other structure of the peripheral nervous system. The establishment of a valid standard method for quantitative analysis of the myenteric plexus has been a topic of debate among enteric neuropathologists and is essential for better characterisation of patients with gut dysmotility. Aim: To determine the histomorphometric analysis of the interganglion distance of the myenteric plexus in the entire large intestine of aborted human foetuses. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy at Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry, India. The study duration was eight years and seven months, from October 2014 to May 2022. A total of 50 aborted human foetus samples were collected from Rajiv Gandhi Government Women and Children’s Hospital, Puducherry, India, from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The age of the aborted human foetuses was determined based on Biparietal Diameter (BPD) and Crown Rump Length (CRL) and correlated with clinical history. The aborted human foetuses were assigned to two groups: group A (n=29), ≤20 Weeks of Gestation (WG), and group B (n=21), ≥20 WG. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase histochemistry, an enzyme histochemistry technique, was used to study the tissue preparations. Statistical significance was determined using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0, International Business Machines (IBM) corporation. The independent sample t-test was conducted for parametric analysis. Results: The interganglion distance was measured from the caecum (A1 segment) to the anal canal (A7 segment) in aborted foetuses of less than 20 WG. The mean values ranged from 78.86±38.09 μm to 126.94±23.87 μm in foetuses of less than 20 WG. The mean values ranged from 66.41±8.05 μm to 107.67±30.17 μm in aborted human foetuses of more than 20 WG. Conclusion: The anal canal showed a long interganglion distance. The average reference values were found to be helpful as a diagnostic tool for identifying disorders related to gut innervation and motility.
Doppler Spectral Wave Patterns of Ductus Venosus: Do They Change with Foetal Position in the First Trimester?
Authors: Harshavardan . , Sanjith V Ram , Sanjay SC , Shentar Srinivas
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The ductus venosus is a branch of the umbilical vein that carries oxygenated blood to the foetus’s right atrium. Assessing the ductus venosus during the first trimester is used as one of the soft markers to detect aneuploidy. Since, operators often have to wait for extended periods for the foetus to assume the desired position. Prolonged scanning increases costs and reduces efficiency by extending scan times. Therefore, it is crucial to determine whether the foetal position affects the ductus waveform. In India, where the number of qualified operators is limited compared to the high demand for scans, efficiency is particularly important. Aim: To observe the spectral flow patterns on colour Doppler of the ductus venosus in supine, prone, and oblique positions of the foetus. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a prospective observational study at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences and Delta Diagnostics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, between August 2021 and December 2021. The study included 100 pregnant women who underwent routine first-trimester antenatal scans between 11 weeks and 13 weeks and six days. Colour Doppler flow mapping was used to visualise the umbilical vein, ductus venosus, and foetal heart. Spectral flow patterns of the ductus venosus were obtained in the supine, prone, and oblique positions of the foetus. The parameters studied were peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, and ductus venosus pulsatility index. Friedman’s Test followed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank Post hoc test was used to compare the mean values of systolic and diastolic velocity and pulsatility index between different foetal positions. Results: A total of 100 singleton pregnancies were included, mean gestational age was 12 weeks and four days. There was no difference in the subjective evaluation of the waveforms obtained in different positions. All foetuses exhibited type 1 spectral waveform. There were no false positives in the subjective evaluation for ‘a’ wave reversal. However, there was a significant difference in the systolic and diastolic velocities of the ductus venosus with different foetal positions, with a p-value of less than 0.001. The mean systolic velocities in supine, prone, and oblique positions were 60.09 cm/s, 51.59 cm/s, and 31.38 cm/s, respectively. The mean diastolic velocities in supine, prone, and oblique positions were 25.23 cm/s, 22.05 cm/s, and 19.05 cm/s, respectively. There was no significant difference in the pulsatility index among the supine, prone, and oblique positions. Conclusion: Radiologists do not need to wait for the foetus to be in the horizontal position to assess the ductus venosus waveforms. The waveforms can be evaluated in other foetal positions without affecting the assessment of aneuploidy risk.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Interpreting Fractional Anisotropy and Mean Diffusivity in Normal-appearing White Matter of Patients with HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorders: A Case-control Study
Authors: Singh Yashvant , Priyanka . , Jilowa Sarita , Gupta Pulin Kumar
Published: December 2023

Introduction: {Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)} affects the everyday functioning of patients. It is usually difficult to diagnose HAND in the outpatient setting as detailed neuropsychological performance testing, such as the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS), is required. Neuroimaging techniques hold great promise in the early diagnosis and management of HAND, but there is a paucity of studies on the evaluation of HAND using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in the Indian population. Aim: To investigate DTI and interpret Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Mean Diffusivity (MD) values in the White Matter (WM) of patients with HAND and compare them with age and sex- matched controls. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Department of Radiodiagnosis, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India, from January 2021 to May 2022. Thirty subjects (15 cases and 15 controls) were included. HIV-positive patients underwent the IHDS to assess cognitive impairment. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination was performed at three tesla using conventional sequences, and DTI was applied. Maps of FA and MD values were generated. Mean FA and MD values of normal-appearing white matter tracts between cases and controls were compared using a t-test. Spearman's correlation test was applied to assess the correlation between IHDS scores and DTI parameters. Results: The majority of cases in the study were in the age group of 31-40 years, and the mean age of cases was 41.27±11.16 years. The present study revealed significantly lower FA values compared to controls in bilateral Frontal WM, Parieto-occipital WM, genu of the Corpus Callosum (CC), right hippocampal WM, and right corona radiata. The mean MD of bilateral Frontal WM, Parieto-occipital WM, corona radiata, and Hippocampal WM was significantly increased in cases compared to healthy controls. A significant association was found between the IHDS score and FA values of the genu of the CC (rho= 0.7), right corona radiata (rho= 0.7), right Hippocampal WM (rho= 0.9), and MD of the left Parieto-occipital WM (rho= -0.6), and left hippocampal WM (rho= -0.5). Conclusion: Diffusion tensor MR imaging can detect abnormalities that are missed by routine MR imaging. DTI provides a valuable marker to monitor HIV-associated Central Nervous System (CNS) injury, which can lead to neurocognitive impairment.
Variations in the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh in Cadavers: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jaiswal Pratima , Asopa Ankush , Jain Aarushi , Pratihar Pratik
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) is formed by the union of the dorsal divisions of the ventral rami of the third and fourth lumbar spinal nerves. The nerve is a sensory branch of the lumbar plexus and supplies the upper lateral aspect of the thigh. It is often trapped between the inguinal ligament and the anterior superior iliac spine, causing paraesthesia in the supplied area, known as meralgia paraesthetica. The LFCN has been shown to exhibit significant variations in formation and course, which can affect the efficacy of nerve blocks administered in the affected area. Aim: To study the variations in the formation of the LFCN in the pelvis of cadavers. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan, from January 2021 to January 2023. The study involved 25 formalin-embalmed cadavers (20 male and 5 female) obtained from the anatomy departments of various medical colleges in Rajasthan. All human cadaveric specimens with well-preserved lumbar plexus, regardless of gender, were included. The lumbar plexus was dissected bilaterally, and the formation and any variations of the LFCN were observed and recorded using digital photography. The obtained data was segregated by gender and side, and Chi-square test was applied to analyse the data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Results: The LFCN originated from L2 and L3 in 47 (94%) specimens. We observed the absence of the LFCN, double LFCN, and sole origin from L2 only in 1 (2%) case each. Additionally, the origin of the LFCN from the femoral nerve was observed in one specimen. Conclusion: The variations noted in the present study would be valuable for surgeons and anaesthetists planning skin grafts and nerve blocks in the thigh area, as well as in transpsoas surgeries.
Morphometry of the Acromion Process in Dry Human Scapulae and Its Clinical Implications: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sangam Muralidhar Reddy , Sreedevi Gangavarapu , Parimala Namburu Bhanu Sudha
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The coracoacromial arch, which extends laterally over the shoulder joint, is formed by the acromion process, coracoid process, and coracoacromial ligament. The acromion process plays an important role in shoulder joint formation. Morphological variations of the acromion process play a key role in determining the subacromial space. Acromioplasty is an important step in rotator cuff repair. Aim: To investigate the morphometry of the acromion process in dry human scapulae and determine the various types of acromion processes. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy at NRI Medical College and General Hospital, Chinakakani, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. The study duration was one year and four months, from November 2020 to March 2022. A total of 100 dry human scapulae (50 right and 50 left) of unknown age and gender were included. Various types of acromion processes were identified. Measurements were taken using a digital vernier caliper (accurate to 0.01 mm) and protractor to measure parameters such as length, breadth, and thickness of the acromion process, acromiocoracoid distance, acromioglenoid distance, height of the coracoacromial arch, acromial slope, and acromial tilt. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. Mean, Standard Deviation (SD), and range were calculated for each morphometric parameter. Results: Three types of acromion processes were observed: type I (31%), type II (48%), and type III (21%). The mean length, breadth, and thickness of the acromion process were 43.21±2.82 mm, 25.48±2.56 mm, and 6.84±1.24 mm, respectively. The mean acromiocoracoid distance, acromioglenoid distance, and height of the coracoacromial arch were 39.87±7.63 mm, 27.34±3.58 mm, and 21.52±1.98 mm, respectively. The mean acromial slope and acromial tilt observed were 32.34±4.62° and 37.46±6.37°, respectively. Conclusion: The present study provides data on the shape, dimensions, slope, tilt, and various distances of the acromion process in dry human scapulae. The majority of the scapulae on both sides exhibited type II acromion process.
MR Perfusion Imaging as a Problem- Solving Tool for Differentiating High-grade Glioma and Tumefactive Demyelination: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Patel Chirag Rajnikant , Rangankar Varsha , Khaladkar Sanjay
Published: December 2023

Clinically, it is nearly impossible to differentiate between high-grade glioma, specifically Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), and Tumefactive Demyelination (TMD). Radiologically, distinguishing between GBM and TMD is challenging since they show similar findings on Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). To avoid invasive procedures that may increase patient morbidity, the use of MR perfusion imaging is highlighted in these case reports. We present two cases of young adult females with neurological deficits. The first case involves an 18-year-old female who presented with a dull, intermittent, holocephalic headache for eight months, along with heaviness and recent onset of pain in the right upper limb. MR spectroscopy revealed an increased choline/creatinine ratio at the margins of the lesion, measuring approximately 2.4, with a decrease in N-Acetylaspartate (NAA) and NAA/Creatinine. Based on these findings, the possibility of either high-grade glioma or TMD was considered. Further evaluation using perfusion imaging showed a substantial increase in the mean relative Cerebral Blood Volume (rCBV) within the lesion, suggesting a higher likelihood of high-grade glioma rather than TMD. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis as high-grade glioma (GBM), revealing marked mitotic changes with nuclear pleomorphism and multinucleated cells. The second case involves a 22-year- old female who presented with left upper limb and lower limb weakness for 10 days. MR spectroscopy showed reduced NAA values and an elevated choline peak with small lactate at a few places. A choline/creatine ratio of 1.9 was obtained. On perfusion imaging, the observed mean rCBV values were substantially low (rCBV measuring approximately 1.07). Consequently, a final radiological diagnosis of TMD was considered. A biopsy confirmed the presence of inflammatory demyelination.
Frequency and Patterns of Unintentional Injuries among Children Aged Less than 14 Years in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sivagamasundari V , Appandraj S , Devi T Parvathy
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Unintentional injuries occur very frequently in the paediatric age group. The major causes leading to unintentional injuries, such as poisoning, fires, drowning, and accidents, can vary according to age. Most of these injuries are preventable by modifying the child's environment or providing adult supervision. Aim: To study the frequency and patterns of unintentional injuries in the paediatric age group under 14 years in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the paediatric Outpatient Department (OPD) and emergency Department of Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India from June to November 2019. A total of 220 paediatric patients aged less than 14 years, who were admitted to the emergency Department with a history of unintentional injury, were included in the study. Data were collected using a semi-structured proforma containing details of age, education of the mother and father, type and place of injury, and other socio-demographic parameters. The nature of the injury was considered as the primary outcome variable. Statistical analysis was performed using coGuide. Results: In the present study, 220 children were included with a mean age of 6.12±3.74 years. The majority were male children 130 (59.09). The majority of the children (93.64%) were taken care of by their parents, and falls were the most commonly reported injury (55.00%), followed by falls of objects, poisoning, and Road Traffic Accidents (RTA). There was a statistically significant difference in mean age across the groups classified by the nature of their injury (p<0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, the prevalence of falls was 55%. Other common unintentional injuries among children under 14 years of age included falls of objects, poisoning, RTAs, bites/stings, foreign bodies, burns, and drowning or near drowning. These injuries can be prevented by adult supervision and providing a safe, child-friendly environment for play
A Unique Tripod Suspension and Stabilisation Technique for the Treatment of Nasal Bone Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Byakodi Sanjay , Dudhat Kishan , Biradar Jyoti , Pal Premlesh Kumar , Basannavar Amit
Published: December 2023

Nasal bone fracture is more common because it is a prominent structure on the face. It can occur as an isolated injury or in combination with other soft tissue and bony facial injuries. While isolated fractures are more common, they can also be associated with fractures of the zygomatic-orbital-maxillary complex and the skull base. Typically, nasal bone fractures are treated with closed reduction or open reduction and fixation. This involves internal fixation using nasal packing and external fixation using plaster splinting. However, in this technique, we utilised an internal teflon splint and an external thermoplastic splint for the fixation of comminuted nasal bone fractures. One advantage of this technique is that it keeps the nostrils open, allowing for unobstructed breathing. Additionally, the internal splint helps lift the nasal bone back into its anatomical position. The present case report presents the management of a 40-year-old male patient who sustained nasal and maxillary dentoalveolar fractures as a result of a road traffic accident. The fractures were further managed using intranasal teflon splints, an external thermoplastic splint, and Kirschner’s wires. This splint pattern prevents displacement and promotes healing in the desired alignment. This technique employs a logical tripod arrangement of a rigid support system that incorporates all these elements into one interconnected unit, providing support, stability, and tension for optimal results. It focuses on the keystone area of the nose, which requires the most support.
Early Bony Fixation and Soft Tissue Coverage in Type IIIB Open Proximal Tibia Fractures: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Verma Pankaj Kumar , Kumar Surendra , Singh Avinash , Vaseem Mohammad , Shrishma HS
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The tibia, the second largest bone in the human body, is largely enveloped by subcutaneous fat and skin, rendering it vulnerable to fractures and soft tissue injuries. This unique anatomical configuration contributes to a heightened susceptibility to open fractures. Notably, an aggressive treatment protocol involving radical debridement, internal fixation, and immediate or early soft tissue coverage with muscle flaps has demonstrated improved rates of bony union and reduced incidences of infection. Aim: To assess the clinical outcomes of early bony fixation and soft tissue coverage in Type IIIB open proximal tibia fractures. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedics, BRD Medical College, in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Total of 30 cases were enrolled between August 2021 and November 2022. The parameters assessed in the study encompassed patient demographics, including age and gender distribution, the aetiology of fractures, soft tissue coverage outcomes, time to bone union, knee joint movement postsurgery, and the incidence of complications such as superficial infections and chronic osteomyelitis. The analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0, primarily employing descriptive statistics to present the results, with percentages and frequencies serving as the primary modes of representation. Results: All cases of Gustilo-Anderson Type IIIB high-grade open tibial fractures were included in this study, with the majority of patients being males 26 (87%) aged between 20 to 40 years. Road traffic accidents accounted for 25 (83.3%), while falls from height were responsible in 5 (16.7%) cases. Assessment of soft tissue coverage revealed 73.33% with good healing, 20% with fair healing, and 6.67% with poor healing. The time to bone union varied, with 10% of cases showing non union. Postsurgery, most cases demonstrated knee joint movement of over 120° (86.67%) and a few cases with movement ranging between 90-120° (13.33%). The incidence of complications was relatively low, with 3 (10%) cases presenting superficial infections and 2 (6.7%) suffering from chronic osteomyelitis. Conclusion: Early bony fixation and soft tissue coverage utilising the medial gastrocnemius flap, along with Split-Thickness Skin Grafting (STSG), demonstrate efficacy in treating high-grade open proximal tibia fractures (Gustilo-Anderson Type IIIB). This approach facilitates expedited bony union and contributes to a reduction in postoperative complications.
solated Unilateral Ulnar Motor Neuropathy at Wrist- A Case Report
Authors: Ghosh Anasuya , Ghosh Tandra , Bansal Charu , Kumar Amit
Published: December 2023

The ulnar nerve compression neuropathy commonly occurs around the elbow; however, focal compression or injury can also occur at the wrist, axilla, or neck involving the roots of the brachial plexus. Ulnar neuropathy at the wrist is caused by the compression of the ulnar nerve within Guyon’s canal or distal to it, often referred to as ‘ulnar tunnel syndrome.’ It can manifest as mixed, pure sensory, or pure motor neuropathy depending on the specific site of compression and the branches involved. This case report of 21 years old male patient, a college student, discusses the clinical and electrodiagnostic features of a case involving unilateral isolated pure motor neuropathy of the ulnar nerve. The onset of the case was insidious and subacute, characterised by painless and non-progressive symptoms with no history of trauma or injury to the affected limb. The Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) were conducted, indicating probable compression of the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve distal to the wrist. The patient was subsequently referred for highresolution Ultrasonography (USG) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Cases of ulnar neuropathy at the wrist are quite rare, and there is limited literature available on this topic.
Monckeberg’s Calcification as a Clinical Mimicker of Temporal Arteritis: A Case Report
Authors: Mohan Reeta , Phansalkar Manjiri Dilip , Kannan Ramesh
Published: December 2023

Temporal arteritis usually presents in patients above 50 years and is characterised by granulomatous inflammation in all layers of the arterial wall. On the other hand, Monckeberg medial calcification is a disease condition limited to the tunica media of the affected vessels. In this report, authors present the case of a 68-year-old man who presented to the casualty with facial pain. He also had a runny nose, cough, and sleep disturbance. A Computed Tomography (CT) scan was performed and reported as normal. The patient underwent Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) and Ophthalmology evaluations. Neurology opinion revealed tenderness and thickening of the right superficial temporal artery. Based on clinical suspicion, the patient was started on oral corticosteroids, suspecting temporal arteritis. A temporal artery biopsy was performed for histopathological examination, which surprisingly revealed no evidence of arteritis but only calcification of the tunica media. Unfortunately, the patient was lost to follow-up after the biopsy. This case highlights the importance of recognising Monckeberg medial calcification in clinically suspected cases of temporal arteritis, as there are only a few reported cases in the literature.
Efficacy of Locoregional Perforator Flaps for Resurfacing of Peri-ankle Soft Tissue Defects: A Single Centre Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Upadhyay Priti , Basu Sandip
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The foot and ankle serve as vital components in supporting mobility. When afflicted by trauma, infections, burns, or tumours, they often present challenging defects that expose tendons, bones, joints, and nerves. Managing softtissue reconstruction in this area is complex, primarily due to limited local tissue resources and inadequate muscle coverage. A range of reconstructive options exists, encompassing local, locoregional, and distant flaps, with microvascular free flaps as the gold standard. Recent studies have explored newer pedicled and perforator-based flaps as promising alternatives for lower extremity soft-tissue defects. Aim: To explore the efficacy of perforator-based local and locoregional flaps for resurfacing peri-ankle defects. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Plastic Surgery, SSKM Hospital, and IPGME&R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, from April 2019 to March 2022. A total of 49 patients with soft-tissue defects around the ankle were included. The reconstructive approach primarily involved perforator-based flaps from various arterial sources. Outcomes were categorised as complete defect coverage, minor flap necrosis without intervention, or major necrosis necessitating additional surgical intervention. For this descriptive study, proportion was used to compare categorical variables such as the number of cases with different aetiology, and the number of different flaps used were compared. For the continuous variable like age, mean has been used as a measure of central tendency. Results: The mean age of the study population was 39.6±4.1 years. Thirty-four out of 49 patients (69.38%) presented with defects stemming from Road Traffic Accidents (RTA), and the posterior aspect of the ankle was the most common defect location (14 out of 49 patients, 28.57%). Peroneal Artery Perforator Flaps (PAPF) exhibited the highest success rate, with 18 out of 20 cases where this flap was used (90%), closely followed by Lateral Supramalleolar Flaps (LSF), with 13 out of 15 cases (86.7%). Overall, in 42 out of 49 cases (85.7%), the perforator-based flaps effectively resurfaced the defects. Conclusion: Pedicled perforator-based flaps, including those based on the peroneal artery and lateral supramalleolar, have emerged as valuable options for the reconstruction of softtissue defects around the ankle.
Trends and Exports of Garlic in India
Authors: Gayathri P.  , Sruthi Sai K.
Published: December 2023

Aims: The present study entitled “Trends and exports of garlic in India” was undertaken to know trend in area, production, productivity, export quantity, domestic and international prices and competitiveness of Indian garlic export in international markets.

Study Design: Secondary data regarding area, production, productivity, export quantity, export value, domestic and international prices of garlic in India was collected from 1990-91 to 2019-20, which includes 30 years data. The period has been divided in to three periods i.e., period I (1990-91 to 2004-05), period II (2005-06 to 2019-20) and overall period (1990-91 to 2019-20).

Place and Duration of Study: The information of the present study was obtained from secondary data. Data was pertained from the year 1990-91 to 2019-20.

Methodology: Different functions were tried to study trend in area, production, productivity, export, domestic and international prices of garlic and the best fit was used to analyse the trend. The export competitiveness of garlic was measured by Nominal Protection Coefficient.

Results: Area, production, productivity, export quantity, export value of garlic showed cubic trend indicating that the movement of all the series was uniform throughout India whereas unit value of export, domestic and international prices of garlic showed compound trend. The export competitiveness of garlic was measured by Nominal Protection Coefficient which concluded values for period I was 1.70, for period II was 1.60 and for overall period was 1.65 indicating non-competitiveness of Indian garlic in all the periods in international markets.

Conclusion: The study was mostly based only on a secondary data collected from various published sources. Limitations inherent in the secondary data are inevitable. It is important to increase export share of garlic by taking appropriate efforts. Market support by Government is necessary to support the farmers from considerable fluctuation in price and motivating them to produce a quality garlic.
Classifying Bengali Newspaper Headlines with Advanced Deep Learning Models: LSTM, Bi-LSTM, and Bi-GRU Approaches
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Kamrul , Islam Shoeb Akibul , Ejaz Md. Sabbir , Alam Md. Mahbubul , Mahmud Nahid , Rafin Tanvir Ahmed
Published: December 2023

Reading newspapers is beneficial for people of all ages and the global community. The enjoyment of gathering diverse data from various sources adds to the overall experience. To enhance specificity in Bengali news headlines, recognizing the news genre becomes crucial. Recognizing the genre of the news, it is a very challenging task in Bengali Text Classification with the help of AI. A very few research works is done on Bengali News headline classification and we have done a model to provide a solution to the addressed issue. Due to the continuous change of the structure of the news headlines, we have employed a neural network adoption connection to our methodology experiment on a mixture of primary and secondary dataset. Achieving significant results, we implemented a Bengali dataset in Multi Classification using Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), Bi- Long-Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), and Bi-Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU). The dataset is established by aggregating news headlines from various Bengali news portals and websites, showcasing robust categorization performance in the end product. Six categories were employed for the classification of Bengali newspaper headlines. The Bi-LSTM Model emerged with the highest training accuracy at 97.96% and the lowest validation accuracy at 77.91%. Furthermore, it demonstrated enhanced sensitivity and specificity.
Bridge to Surgery with Pulmonary Valve Perforation and Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Stenting in an Infant with PA-VSD
Authors: Duras Ensar , Cilsal Erman , Kamali Hacer , Sahin Murat , Guzeltas Alper
Published: December 2023

Pulmonary atresia (PA) with ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a rare congenital heart disease. Blood flow to pulmonary arteries is provided by patent ductus arteriosus or major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs). Palliative interventions are required to maintain the blood supply to the pulmonary arteries in order to achieve for the complete surgical repair. In this case report, we present a patient who underwent pulmonary valve perforation and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) stenting as an alternative to a systemic-pulmonary artery shunt (SPS). Subsequently, surgical repair was performed ten months later.
Alteration in Flowering and Fruiting of Commercial Vegetable Crops under Protected Condition: A Review
Authors: Pathak Stuti , Johar Vishal , Angaria Aman , Vishal Anand
Published: December 2023

India ranks as the second-largest global vegetable producer, yet its current productivity falls short of meeting the nutritional requirements of its expanding population. The country boasts an impressive array of vegetable varieties, spanning from tropical to subtropical and temperate regions. The adoption of protected cultivation for high-value crops has emerged as a pivotal technology to enhance productivity, elevate quality, and secure profitable returns. Optimal production quality can be ensured by implementing precise crop management techniques under controlled conditions, enabling the cultivation of two to three high-yield crops annually. Crop regulation planning entails the identification, selection, implementation, and monitoring of strategies to govern the yield and quality of vegetable crops. The timing of flowering can be strategically manipulated, either advanced or delayed, in response to market demand, leveraging a range of tools and techniques for flowering and fruit regulation. In pursuit of sustainability, it becomes imperative to maximize food production within limited areas. Employing flowering and fruiting regulation methods holds the promise of augmenting yields and, consequently, overall productivity, ultimately addressing the nutritional needs of a larger segment of the population.
Effect of Split Application of Nitrogen Levels in Summer Pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
Authors: Prajapati A. S. , Patel K. I. , Gohel K. D. , Solanki B. P. , Patel Kishan N.
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Gujarat during summer season of 2022 on loamy sand. The experiment comprised of nine treatment combinations. Significantly higher plant height, earhead/plant, length of earhead, girth of earhead, test weight, grain and straw yield as well as protein content were recorded under 120 kg N/ha and application of nitrogen at 25% as basal + 75% as top dressing. The same level of nitrogen along with split application of nitrogen provided maximum net realization value and BCR. Application of 150 kg N/ha and split application of nitrogen 40% as basal + 60% as top dressing were at par with 120 kg N/ha and 25% as basal + 75% as top dressing, respectively.
Effect of Nano Zinc on Growth and Quality of Sweet Corn in Southern Telangana Zone, India
Authors: Jinnur Shreedevi , Satish P. , Hussain S. A. , Reddy P. C.
Published: December 2023

The field experiment was conducted at the College farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during rabi season of 2022 with an objective to assess the impact of nano zinc on the growth, yield and quality of sweet corn in Zinc deficient soil. The experiment included 9 treatments with three forms of Zn fertilizer viz., ZnSO4, Zn EDTA and Nano Zn. The results of the study revealed that foliar application of Zn EDTA at 5 g L-1 recorded significantly highest values for growth, Zn uptake and quality parameters while soil application of ZnSO4 at 25 kg ha-1 was the second best treatment. Foliar application of Nano Zinc was significantly superior to the control; however, it was not comparable to the most effective treatment (T9).