bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A criança com transtorno do espectro Autista e covid-19: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Cardoso Daisy Carla Montanha Cordeiro , Liporaci Gabriela Franco dos Santos , Rocha Aila Narene Dahwache Criado Rocha
Published: May 2022

Introdução: A notícia do Coronavírus, foi recebida pelo mundo de forma trágica e foi classificada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde como emergência internacional de saúde pública. O cenário da COVID-19 estabeleceu problemas para crianças com TEA e suas famílias, além de todas as dificuldades, houve a necessidade de adaptação e reorganização da rotina.  Objetivo: Identificar como é a rotina das crianças com TEA e suas famílias, durante a pandemia.  Método: Realizadas pesquisas nas bases de dados Eric,  Google Acadêmico, Lilacs, Sage, Scielo e Scopus.  Como critérios de inclusão, utilizamos publicações do período de 2019 a 2021, que constassem no assunto, título, resumo ou  palavras-chave, todos os descritores: “autismo”, “autista”, “COVID-19”, “pandemia”,  “tea”, “família” e “criança”, ou pesquisas na educação em tempos de  COVID-19, conectados pelo operador booleano AND escrito  em letras maiúsculas. Resultados:  a sobrecarga das mães, já que estas são as responsáveis fundamentais em administrar as atividades com a orientação dos profissionais; A criança com TEA necessita de cuidado e de pessoas dando apoio; teve impacto no contexto social e escolar. Conclusão: a COVID-19 trouxe desafios para crianças com TEA e seus responsáveis. Os dados encontrados apontam que por ainda ser um assunto recente, muitos estudos estão por vir, tornando-se escassos textos sobre o tema. É preciso investigar o impacto da pandemia e o isolamento social (através de diversas maneiras junto com as disposições de cada país em relação as crianças com TEA e suas famílias.
Apresentação
Authors: Minieri Stella Maris , Ramírez Ivonne
Published: May 2022

Este dossiê reúne autores que correspondem a diversas disciplinas e representam com seus artigos os diversos cenários que foram reproduzidos nas universidades latino-americanas relacionados à educação, saúde e empregabilidade de pessoas com deficiência.
Maternal and Child Health Network Data Briefing 1: What Can We Learn about Child Health Inequalities with Data Linkage? A Scottish Example
Authors: Emma Stewart
Published: May 2022

No abstract available
Invading the Realm of the Dead: Exploring the (Im)propriety of Punitive Damage Awards Against Estates
Authors: Iversen Emily
Published: May 2022

Punitive damages are traditionally understood, at least in part, as damages designed to punish. It should therefore come as no surprise that, in the majority of states that have decided the issue, courts have chosen not to allow punitive damage awards against the estates of deceased tortfeasors. After all, the tortfeasor can no longer be punished (at least by tort awards). Nonetheless, punitive damages can also serve other purposes, such as deterrence. This Note argues that Michigan, a state which has not yet taken a stance, should adopt the minority position that allows punitive damages to be awarded against estates. Because of Michigan’s historically liberal stance on the survival of actions and its unique understanding of punitive damage awards, this Note contends that the minority position is the only position consistent with state law. However, this Note also advocates for legislative action in order to make Michigan’s adoption of the minority position absolutely clear. Such clarity would promote stability and predictability for plaintiffs and defendants alike and would ensure results consistent with Michigan’s broader history and policies.
Making the Right Call for Confrontation at Felony Sentencing
Authors: Sanders Shaakirrah
Published: May 2022

Felony sentencing courts have discretion to increase punishment based on un-cross-examined testimonial statements about several categories of uncharged, dismissed, or otherwise unproven criminal conduct. Denying defendants an opportunity to cross-examine these categories of sentencing evidence undermines a core principle of natural law as adopted in the Sixth Amendment: those accused of felony crimes have the right to confront adversarial witnesses. This Article contributes to the scholarship surrounding confrontation rights at felony sentencing by cautioning against continued adherence to the most historic Supreme Court case on this issue, Williams v. New York. This Article does so for reasons beyond the unacknowledged dark racial undercurrent that permeated the facts and circumstances of that case. Instead, this Article challenges the Williams Court’s assumption that judicial authority existed in pre-Founding felony cases to consider un-cross-examined testimony for purposes of fixing the punishment. This Article also examines whether recent Court decisions requiring cross-examination of testimonial statements at trial should cause the Court to reconsider its current understanding of confrontation rights at sentencing. Furthermore, this Article addresses the growing importance of sentencing hearings given the prevelance of guilty pleas in the modern U.S. criminal justice system. This work advances the discussion on this issue by proposing a framework to distinguish between testimonial statements that should be cross-examined and those that should not. It concludes that, in some circumstances, confrontation is the right call at felony sentencing and advocates a balanced and practical application of this vital right.
Retaining Color
Authors: Root Veronica
Published: May 2022

It is no secret that large law firms are struggling in their efforts to retain attorneys of color. This is despite two decades of aggressive tracking of demographic rates, mandates from clients to improve demographic diversity, and the implementation of a variety of diversity efforts within large law firms. In part, law firm retention efforts are stymied by the reality that elite, large law firms require some level of attrition to function properly under the predominant business model. This reality, however, does not explain why firms have so much difficulty retaining attorneys of color — in particular black and Hispanic attorneys. And yet, there may be a relatively simple and low-cost set of incentives that law firm management and the legal profession can put in place to encourage black and Hispanic attorneys to remain at large law firms at higher rates. This Article draws on traditional theories of “the firm” and modern day understandings of workplace discrimination and applies them to the retention problem in large law firms. It argues that by incentivizing equity partners in large firms, who are overwhelmingly white males, to instill greater loyalty in black and Hispanic attorneys, firms can solve a large portion of their retention problem. As equity partners invest more time mentoring black and Hispanic attorneys, they will develop a sense of loyalty to the firm that will decrease the speed and frequency that attorneys of color exit the firm. Firms can then begin Retaining Color.
What Will It Take? Terrorism, Mass Murder, Gang Violence, and Suicides: The American Way, Or Do We Strive for a Better Way?
Authors: Record Katherine , Gostin Lawrence
Published: May 2022

The assertion that access to firearms makes us safe, rather than increases the likelihood that oneself or a family member will die, is contradicted by a large body of evidence. Gunshots kill more than 30,000 Americans each year. Homicide accounts for approximately one-third of these deaths, with the remainder involving suicides and accidental gun discharges. In fact, firearms put us at greater risk of death than participating in war; in four months, as many Americans were shot dead in the United States as have died fighting in Iraq for an entire decade. Given these grim statistics, it would be reasonable to expect swift legislative action. Living in a nation plagued by the highest gun death rate in the world should trigger public and political outrage. Yet, the country is in a state of political impasse. Despite public demand for reform, federal legislators have been unable to enact laws that would protect, at least in part, the public from gun violence. Partly to blame for this political standoff may be the public’s misperception that there are rigorous gun control laws at the federal and state levels, all of which in actuality are riddled with loopholes. State and federal legislators could significantly tighten gun control laws without infringing on the Second Amendment right to bear arms but repeatedly fail to do so. When proposed reforms are viewed cumulatively, it is clear that they would almost certainly prevent many firearm injuries and deaths, even if no reform can eliminate gun violence altogether.
Place, Not Race: Affirmative Action and the Geography of Educational Opportunity
Authors: Cashin Sheryll
Published: May 2022

Ultimately, I argue that one important response to the demise of race-based affirmative action should be to incorporate the experience of segregation into diversity strategies. A college applicant who has thrived despite exposure to poverty in his school or neighborhood deserves special consideration. Those blessed to come of age in poverty-free havens do not. I conclude that use of place, rather than race, in diversity programming will better approximate the structural disadvantages many children of color actually endure, while enhancing the possibility that we might one day move past the racial resentment that affirmative action engenders. While I propose substituting place for race in university admissions, I am not suggesting that American society has become post-racial. In fact, much social science research supports the continued salience of race, especially in the subconscious of most Americans. My proposal accounts for the racial architecture of opportunity in this country through the race-neutral means of place. Ultimately, I conclude that the social costs of racial preferences outweigh any marginal benefits when race-neutral alternatives are available that will create racial diversity by expanding opportunity to those most disadvantaged by structural barriers. The truly disadvantaged— black and brown children trapped in high-poverty environs—are not getting the quality of schooling they need, partially because backlash wedge politics undermine any possibility for common sense public policies.6 Affirmative action as currently practiced in admissions at most elite institutions does little to help this group and may make matters worse by contributing to political gridlock borne of racial cleavage. I would not make place the only dimension for consideration of affirmative action, but I do think that, given how large it looms in structuring educational opportunity and outcomes, it should be given much greater weight and attention than it currently receives in diversity programs. I would also give considerable weight to another factor that disproportionately affects blacks and Latinos: low family wealth. Finally, I call on universities to radically reform admissions processes and jettison concepts of “merit” that are unrelated to their professed missions.
The Fourth Trimester
Authors: Matambanadzo Saru
Published: May 2022

This Article introduces a new conceptual framework to the legal literature on pregnancy and pregnancy discrimination: the fourth trimester. The concept of a fourth trimester, drawn from maternal nursing and midwifery, refers to the crucial three to six month period after birth when many of the physical, psychological, emotional, and social effects of pregnancy continue. Giving this concept legal relevance extends the scope of pregnancy beyond the narrow period defined by conception, gestation, and birth and acknowledges that pregnancy is a relational process, not an individual event. In the United States, however, antidiscrimination law has failed to acknowledge the demands of the fourth trimester; it operates from the presumption that pregnancy begins at conception and ends at birth. Without employing a fourth trimester framework, the current federal antidiscrimination regime will continue to permit pregnancy discrimination against women because employers can discriminate on the basis of activities that typify the fourth trimester of the pregnancy. Judges, administrative actors, movement lawyers, and other policy makers should recognize that the law should prohibit discrimination on the basis of fourth trimester activities like breastfeeding, caring for newborn infants, or recovery. As a matter of law and policy, discrimination arising from these activities during the fourth trimester should be regarded as pregnancy discrimination.
Reconciling Tax Law and Securities Regulation
Authors: Marian Omri
Published: May 2022

Issuers in registered securities offerings must disclose the expected tax consequences to investors investing in the offered securities (“nonfinancial tax disclosure”). This Article advances three arguments regarding nonfinancial tax disclosures. First, nonfinancial tax disclosure practice, as the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) has sanctioned it, does not fulfill its intended regulatory purposes. Currently, nonfinancial tax disclosures provide irrelevant information, sometimes fail to provide material information, create unnecessary transaction costs, and divert valuable administrative resources to the enforcement of largely-meaningless requirements. Second, the practical reason for this failure is the SEC and tax practitioners’ unsuccessful attempt to address investors’ heterogeneous tax preferences. Specifically, nonfinancial tax disclosure practice assumes the existence of a “reasonable investor” who is also an “average taxpayer,” and tax disclosures are drafted for the benefit of this average taxpayer. The concept of an “average taxpayer,” however, is not defensible. Third, the theoretical reason for the regulatory regime’s dysfunctionality is the misapplication of mandatory disclosure theory to nonfinancial tax disclosure requirements. Mandatory disclosure theory, even if accepted at face value, does not support the current regulatory framework, due to the special nature of tax laws. To remedy this failure, this Article describes the types of tax-related disclosures that mandatory disclosure theory would support. Under the proposed regulatory reform, nonfinancial tax disclosures will only include issuer-level tax items (namely, tax items imposed on the issuing entity) that affect how “reasonable investors” calculate their own individual tax liabilities. Under such a regime, there is no need to rely on the “average taxpayer” construct.
Fraud is Already Illegal: Section 621 of the Dodd-Frank Act in the Context of the Securities Laws
Authors: Schuur Nathan
Published: May 2022

In the aftermath of the financial crisis, lawmakers and the public focused on abuses in the securitization industry. Abacus, a Synthetic CDO created by Goldman Sachs & Co., became a symbol of what many felt was a corrupt system when it became known that Goldman and Fabrice Tourre, a Vice President at its Correlation Trading Desk, had assisted a hedge fund in designing the security to fail. Perceived failings of the securities laws to prevent transactions like Abacus spurred Congress to enact Section 621 of the Dodd-Frank Act, which prohibits conflicts of interest in asset-backed securitizations. But the law is unnecessary and counterproductive. Antifraud laws already address the abuses and certain conflicted transactions, if properly disclosed, can be beneficial. The section should be repealed.
In All Fairness: Using Political Broadcast Access Doctrine to Tailor Public Campaign Fund Matching
Authors: Moshirnia Andrew , Dozeman Aaron
Published: May 2022

Recent United States Supreme Court decisions have undermined the viability of campaign public financing systems, a vital tool for fighting political corruption. First, Citizens United v. FEC allowed privately financed candidates and independent groups to spend unlimited amounts of money on campaigning. Publicly financed candidates now risk being vastly outspent. Second, Arizona Free Enterprise Club’s Freedom PAC v. Bennett invalidated a proportional fund matching system whereby privately financed candidates’ or independent groups’ spending triggered funds to publicly funded candidates. These decisions effectuate a libertarian speech doctrine: all speakers, individual or corporate, must be absolutely unburdened. To comply with this approach, public financing must be tailored to reduce its monetary correlation with, and corresponding burden on, privately funded speech. This Article proposes matching broadcast advertising access costs as a measured solution. The proposed system does not burden privately funded speech, and it increases media availability: if a privately financed candidate or independent group purchases advertising time, the publicly financed candidate is provided funds to purchase equivalent time. Matching access costs reduces any burden on speakers while importing First Amendment jurisprudence and telecommunications law to support the constitutionality of this system. These laws recognize the First Amendment rights of the electorate, the problem of political advertising market saturation, and the values of an informed citizenry. Essential for democracy is an informed, engaged, and participating citizenry. Matching broadcast access costs increases available information, comports with the
Incentivizing Lawyers to Play Nice: A National Survey of Civility Standards and Options for Enforcement
Authors: Preston Cheryl , Lawrence Hilary
Published: May 2022

In the last decade, most commentators assume that lawyers’ behavior is now diving to new lows, notwithstanding a flurry of professionalism and civility creeds adopted in the 1980s and 1990s. Proponents of making such creeds enforceable argue that a return to professionalism may improve lawyers’ well-being, restore the public’s confidence in lawyers, and raise the expectations of behavior, not only with respect to civility but also with respect to violations of the Rules of Professional Conduct (hereinafter, as adapted in various jurisdictions, the Rules of Professional Conduct or the Model Rules)
The Principle of "Non-Refoulement" and its Evolution in the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Furramani Emanuela , Bushati Rrezart
Published: May 2022

The principle of non-refoulement provided for by Article 33 of the Geneva Convention constitutes a principle of international law with a significant role in the protection of human rights. This principle has been confirmed by the European Court of Human Rights, which has affirmed the state's responsibility for returning an asylum-seeker to a country where he risks being subjected to inhuman and degrading treatment or torture, in breach of Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Considering this reasoning, in the case of Hirsi Jamaa and others v. Italy, the European Court of Human Rights found the Italian State responsible for violating Article 4 of Protocol No. 4 for the collective refoulement of migrants without a procedure for assessing their individual situation in a state where they could face inhuman and degrading treatment, as well as for violating Article 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights, as the applicants had been denied the opportunity to appeal before the expulsion measure was carried out. Recently, the European Court of Human Rights' orientation has changed since, in the case of N.D. and N.T. v. Spain, the Court excluded the violation of both Article 4 of the 4th Protocol and Article 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights, stating that the collective rejections were due to the “applicants' own conduct”. This decision entails many perplexities regarding the protection of human rights.

 

Received: 24 January 2022 / Accepted: 19 March 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Socio-Emotional Leadership Style as Implementation of Situational Leadership Communication in the Face of Radical Change
Authors: Mulyana Ahmad , Ridaryanthi Melly , Faridah Siti , Umarella Farid H. , Endri Endri
Published: May 2022

Leadership communication style plays an important role in managing an organization during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study investigated the leadership style applied in the event organizer industry to survive adversity during a pandemic situation. A qualitative approach is used in case studies of two event organizers in two big cities in Indonesia, namely PT Ikons Karya Kreasi, Jakarta, and CV Trigger EO, ​​Medan. In-depth interviews were conducted as a data collection technique for each level of the company's top management and employees. The results showed that the situational leadership style applied in the two organizations differed according to the context and culture of the organization. The most important competence of the two lies in a leadership style that displays socio-emotional skills, is ready to face stress and adapt to changes in socio-cultural life quickly, and dares to take decisions to maintain the continuity of the company organizing business events.

 

Received: 21 December 2021 / Accepted: 4 April 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Translation Techniques Used in Assassin Creed: Renaissance Novel
Authors: Arbain . , Nababan Mangatur Rudolf , Santosa Riyadi , Wiratno Tri
Published: May 2022

Several studies have been done on the technique of translating novel speech acts. However, impositive speech act translation research is still limited. Speakers perform impositive speech acts to burden their speech partners. Thus, the translator must comprehend the context. This study aimed to determine the translator's translation technique for adjusting target language meaning to the context. The data used in this study was gathered from the original English novel and compared to the same story in Indonesian. The researcher used the Forum Group Discussion with three translation professionals (FGD) to validate the data. The study found that most translators employ the conventional equivalency method. The translator determines the most suitable and acceptable meaning for the target language.

 

Received: 7 January 2022 / Accepted: 8 March 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Transformation in Traditional Beliefs of Coastal Residents in Vietnam During the Current Urbanization Context: Case Study from Da Nang City
Authors: Hien Le Thi Thu , Mai An Tran Thi
Published: May 2022

The article studies the transformation in belief of coastal residents in Vietnam under the impacts of the urbanization evidenced from Da Nang city between 2013 and 2020. This paper is conducted based on a combination of the approach of cultural anthropology, sociology and interdisciplinary through analyzing the content of scientific publications related to the topic. The paper focuses on the change in beliefs of the current coastal residents in Vietnam through data from Da Nang city and pointed out the factors affecting the beliefs change in the urbanization context for 2003 to now. The result contributes to regulatory agencies to refer to and direct their rational development policy. It can also be used for academic purposes in universities, researchers, lecturers of culture and human science as well as learners.

 

Received: 31 January 2022 / Accepted: 8 April 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Structure and Agency Influencing Community Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Northern Philippines: A Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Asuncion Jay Emmanuel L. , Luis Lara Melissa G. , Capili Julius T. , Luyun Jennifer L. , Canapi Jake B. , Rimban Erwin L.
Published: May 2022

Community Health Care Workers (CHWs) play a crucial role in the pandemic response, especially in developing countries like the Philippines. However, there is a lacuna of interdisciplinary studies exploring their first-hand experiences. This study framed in Giddens' structuration aimed to describe the lived experiences of CHWs along with the role of structure and agency to the challenges, motivations, and coping strategies of CHWs in crafting grassroots policies for the enhancement of healthcare delivery in Cagayan, Northern Philippines. Employing the phenomenological method, forty-six (46) study participants were purposively selected. Their narratives were elicited through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) using a semi-structured interview guide, and their responses were transcribed verbatim. Results revealed that the CHWs experienced many challenges: unpreparedness, a new concept of space, personal and social consequences of COVID-19, particularly fear and discrimination, and limited human and material resources. However, they remain motivated to serve their community. Thus, CHWs are potent actors in the COVID-19 response of Cagayan, Northern Philippines.

 

Received: 8 December 2021 / Accepted: 02 March 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Management of Research Results and Intellectual Property Commercialization
Authors: Kusmintarti Anik , Ismanu Sidik , Rohadi Erfan , Anshori Moh. Abdullah , Putri Ratna Ika
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this research is to develop a model for the management of innovation products and intellectual property commercialization on Vocational Higher Education. This research and development study is conducted at the State Polytechnic of Malang. The research composed of a certain steps include: (1) identification of potential problems; (2) collecting information; (3) designing a model for the management of innovation products and intellectual property commercialization; (4) validation of the model; and (5) model design improvement. The results show the number of the research result products produced by lecturers and students tend to increase every year. Majority of the invention products are classified to the pre-commercialization stage, proposal of a model of the management of innovation products and intellectual property commercialization through the following steps: (i) Collecting research results in the form of prototypes or models; (ii) Protecting IPR; (iii) Exploring cooperation with partners, and (iv) Commercialization. Collaboration between universities, government, communities and industry is very important to conduct before and after research for the purpose of the results match community needs.

 

Received: 12 January 2022 / Accepted: 18 April 2022 / Published: 5 May
Driving Change: Guidelines for Developing Graduate Programs to Meet High International Standards
Authors: Chobphon Peson , Wongpipit Waris
Published: May 2022

This study has contributed to the changes in Chulalongkorn University’s graduate program management policy. It investigated the external and internal educational environments of Chulalongkorn University. The findings were used to help Chulalongkorn University’s Graduate School in formulating policies and guidelines to develop graduate programs that meet high international standards and balance revenue and student publications. Information was obtained from the official websites of the world’s 15 leading universities, and 8 graduates or current students were interviewed. Chulalongkorn University’s external educational environment was related to the following aspects: (1) program structures, (2) graduation requirements, and (3) program strategies. The internal factors hindering the development of Chulalongkorn University’s graduate programs were as follows: (1) seniority system and faculty possessing long-held stature, (2) relatively limited collaboration with other agencies, (3) failure of the content and nature of master’s programs to address business and industry requirements, and (4) emphasis on the scale of a project but failure to focus on the critical thinking process. Four recommendations for the executive board of the Graduate School were suggested.

 

Received: 24 February 2022 / Accepted: 6 April 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Effectiveness of the ABA Method and Individual Education Programs for the Treatment of Autistic Children: A Case Study
Authors: Meçe Daniela , Sherifi Edo
Published: May 2022

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a therapy based in the scientific study of learning and behavior. ABA applies the principles of learning and motivation from the analysis of behavior, for solving problems of everyday life. The goal of ABA program is the implementation and evaluation of systematic modifications of the environment to produce socially significant improvements for human beings. The main purpose of this study was to examine and to highlight the effectiveness of the ABA program in children with autism. For the realization of this study a single case designed is used. The subject of the study was a 3 years old male, diagnosed with Autism at 2 years old. Implementation of the intervention lasted 3 years. The ABA program and an Individual Education Plan is developed each year according to the child needs for the period 2018 -2021. The progress in achieving therapy goals was assessed using a Likert scale. At the end of each year the collected data are analyzed. After receiving for three years ABA therapy the subject made improvements in all goal areas. At the end of the program the subject of the study showed improvement of cognitive, language and social skills.

 

Received: 8 February 2022 / Accepted: 16 April 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Creative Skills: Flipped Classroom by Applying an Interleaving Technique for Product Design Students
Authors: Egwutvongsa Songwut
Published: May 2022

This research had the objective to compare the learning results with the creative ideas in product design work for product design student groups by using new and old teaching models. The group sampling comprised senior student groups of the Department of Design Education, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang totaling 60 people that were classified into two learning groups: 1. The group that used the teacher-centered method totaling 30 people,and 2.the integration learning group of STEM and flipped classroom totaling 30 people. The learning assessment of the creative ideas used the thinking skills test for the product design with the reliability value for Kr-20 that had a difficulty value of (p)=0.436, discrimination value of (r)=0.359, reliability value for KR-20=0.7657 or 76%, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient that was equal to 0.7286 or 72%. In comparing the result, it was found that the effectiveness for the new teaching model emphasized the integration with multiple teaching techniques by measuring the score level values of the creative ideas that had a higher level than the original teaching model, which used the teacher-centered method. This had a statistical significance level of .05. Moreover, this showed the result of the satisfaction assessment of the students, who learned by using the integration teaching technique of STEM and a flipped classroom to be an excellent level (mean=4.47; SD=0.579), including the happiness relationship during the study (mean=4.65; S.D.=0.483), which had a statistical significance level of .05.

 

Received: 12 January 2022 / Accepted: 6 April 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
The Impact of the Household Poverty Trap on Learners' Academic Achievement in Rural Secondary Schools in the Zululand District: A Case Study of Nongoma Secondary Rural Schools
Authors: Omoniyi Iwaloye Bunmi , Gamede Bongani Thulani , Uleanya Chinaza
Published: May 2022

This study looks into the elements that contribute to the poverty trap and how it affects learner academic progress in selected Nongoma secondary schools in South Africa's Zululand district. A mixed qualitative and quantitative data gathering strategy was utilized to collect the information. Purposeful sampling was employed to pick five secondary high schools in this area, as well as teachers and students who were conveniently selected for the study. Financial resources, a lack of aspiration and motivation, and school dropouts are all results of poverty traps, according to the research, and these factors impede learners' academic achievement in the schools studied. According to the study, reducing or eliminating poverty requires collective efforts, and all educational actors should contribute their respective quotas to provide basic infrastructure to both schools and rural communities, redistribute income and wealth, and plan improvements to encourage students to see the world from various perspectives.

 

Received: 19 July 2021 / Accepted: 14 March 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Assessing Students’ Learning Outcomes in the Saudi Education System from the Perspective of Various Stakeholders
Authors: Albeladi Abdulrahman
Published: May 2022

Assessing students’ learning outcomes is a significant part of the education system. This study investigated the perspective of a new policy that focuses on assessing students’ learning outcomes. The method of implementation and the impact of the new policy were discussed. As this study was exploratory in nature, a qualitative research approach was applied, which allowed for the compilation of rich data through document analysis and semi-structured interviews. This study recruited 13 participants, including five supervisors, six head teachers, and two deputies. Results revealed the following: (1) a wide gap between the policy and actual practice; (2) limited involvement of the school community; (3) supervisors’ examinations suffered from poor quality; (4) positive and negative impacts related to teaching and learning outcomes; and (5) several obstacles that needed to be resolved. Finally, this paper provides numerous recommendations to develop the process of assessing students’ learning outcomes.

 

Received: 14 March 2022 / Accepted: 11 April 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Secondary Schools Practices of Learner Suspensions and Re-Integration in the School Community
Authors: Segalo Letlhoyo
Published: May 2022

This research paper explores the strategies that are used by secondary schools in South African setting to readmission their suspended learners back in the school community. A plethora of literature review revealed little on the strategies that are offered by the schools to the learners who get suspended and later re-integrated in their respective school communities. The South African school system allows the schools to suspend leaners who serious offenses that are against the school policies for a period of not more than a week (South African Schools Act, 84, 1996). A qualitative research study was conducted to explore the strategies that school principals of secondary schools employ when the learner is re-integrated in the school community after his or her suspension has lapsed. A purposive sample of seven secondary school principals was used. An in-depth interview technique was used to collected data. Data was analyzed by means of themes that emerged from the questions that were posed to the school principals. Analyzed data demonstrate that there is a need to develop strategies for secondary schools to re-integrate learners back in the school communities. There was not sufficient evidence that show the strategies that schools use for the re-integration of suspended learners back in the school communities.

 

Received: 2 September 2021 / Accepted: 8 April 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
Make Yourself at Home: Cross-Cultural Differences in Home Hospitality
Authors: Beldona Srikanth , Yoo Joanne Jung-Eun , Baiomy Ahmed
Published: May 2022

The practice of hospitality at home is rooted in the traditions that are unique to the prevailing culture of the destination. This exploratory study describes the development of a set of attributes designed to assess home hospitality and uses it as an instrument to explore cross-national differences on a combined sample of 625 respondents from three culturally distinctive countries such as Egypt, South Korea, and the US. Results show significant differences across the three countries in the areas of 1) sociability, 2) accommodation and facilitation, and 3) openness, which are the three derived dimensions of home hospitality. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Understanding Interactions Between Providers of Cosmetic Tourism and Tourists: The Lebanon Experience
Authors: Noaman Samar , Montargot Nathalie
Published: May 2022

Despite the boom in cosmetic tourism, academic research in this field remains scarce. The following interpretive study explores perceptions of key social players involved in the cosmetic tourism process from its initiation to its end. It highlights the perspectives of cosmetic medical
providers and cosmetic tourists within a multifaceted theoretical framework that includes the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and self-concept components. A qualitative approach was applied, with similar topics discussed during interviews with a sample of cosmetic medical doctors and cosmetic
tourists in Lebanon. The study delivers insight into the cosmetic tourism decision-making process, and the factors impacting choices here in terms of the destination, medical doctor, and medical center. It furthermore sheds light on aspects that distinguish cosmetic tourism, including social
media and cultural influence. This study theoretically contributes to the development of an appropriate framework for cosmetic tourism. Empirically, its outcomes can be utilized to better understand the exclusivity of cosmetic tourists while improving their experiences, enhancing marketing
strategies and the services provided to them.
An Empirical Investigation of the Electrical and Thermal Performance of Photovoltaic-thermal Hybrid Sensor (PV/T)
Authors: Djegham Ali , Djedid Taloub , Abdelkarim Bouras , Driss Zied
Published: May 2022

The combination photovoltaic-thermal solar collector produces at the same time electricity gratitude to photovoltaic solar energy and warmth gratitude to thermal energy because it is known that the traditional photovoltaic panel produces three times more heat than the electricity. The increase in warmth inside the module is one of the principal reasons of the reduced performance of photovoltaic solar panels. Thus the necessity for a thermal evacuation technique. The benefit of a hybrid technique is the cooling of the photovoltaic cells gratitude to the circulation of a fluid, which will be warmed during its passage via the sensor. The novelty of this study is to recover this thermal energy by heating or drying. Previous dryers worked with thermal sensors thanks to the greenhouse effect, which gives only heat. The purpose of this paper is the realization experimental of a PV/T sensor and so the examination of the impact of different parameters on the energy performance of the PV/T sensor. The impacts recommend that this kind of collector is a nicely alternative to photovoltaic modules and thermal collectors seated individually.
Improved Positive Output Voltage Super-lift Boost Converter
Authors: Himmelstoss Felix A.
Published: May 2022

Starting from the positive output voltage-lift Boost converter, which has a higher voltage transformation ratio and reduced voltage stress across the semiconductors, the additional losses caused by the periodic recharging of the intermediate capacitor are analyzed. An additional inductor improves the efficiency of this converter. The dimensioning of this improved converter, its dynamic behavior, the inrush-current and a feed-forward control are treated. The considerations are supported by simulations.
Fluorite Mineralization at the Dwyer Mine, Wilberforce Area, Ontario, Canada: Microtextural Indications of a Fluor-Calciocarbonatite
Authors: Martin Robert F. , Schumann Dirk
Published: May 2022

The ore at the Dwyer fluorite mine, near Wilberforce, Ontario, consists of calcite–fluorite dikes that show clear signs of flowage. Those dikes and the large-scale development of fenites at the expense of a granite–monzonite pluton can only be explained by the existence of a subjacent body of carbonatite. The dikes consist of ribbons of calcite and fluorite and contain subhedral crystals of fluorapatite aligned with the ribbons. The dikes also carry crystals of aegirine-augite, titanite, and bastnäsite-(Ce). Both the fluorapatite and aegirine-augite contain micrometric globules of boundary-layer melt that crystallized in situ to calcite, fluorite, quartz, bastnäsite-(Ce), hematite, and titanite. Fragments of the REE-enriched fenite show signs of incipient rheomorphism at a temperature estimated to be at least 725 °C. The large-scale alkali metasomatism occurred toward the end of the Grenville orogenic cycle, at a time of crustal relaxation, roughly 200 million years after emplacement of a granite–monzonite pluton. By analogy with occurrences elsewhere, it is likely that the carbonatitic melt separated immiscibly from a nepheline syenitic parental melt. Fluor-calciocarbonatitic magmatism likely is genetically linked to the U and Th mineralization in the area and contributed to the unusual geological complexity of the Bancroft–Haliburton region.
Effects of Grain Size, Cooling Rate, and Sample Preparation on the Phase Transition from Protoenstatite to Clinoenstatite
Authors: Ohi Shugo , Osako Tatsuya , Miyake Akira
Published: May 2022

X-ray diffraction experiments were carried out with protoenstatite, chemical composition Mg2Si2O6, in order to clarify the conditions under which protoenstatite can be retained at room temperature. Our results show that grain size, cooling rate, and shear stress during sample preparation clearly affect the transition from protoenstatite to clinoenstatite. Smaller protoenstatite grains were more likely to be retained, and the relationship between the retained volume ratio of the protoenstatite and grain size was statistically consistent with martensitic nucleation. The most protoenstatite was retained in the experiment using a cooling rate of 3 °C/min; the retained volume ratio decreased in experiments with both faster and slower cooling rates. The martensitic transformation of protoenstatite to clinoenstatite is promoted by shear stress caused by a fast cooling rate. Shear stress caused by grinding and polishing also promotes the transformation, but ion milling, used to prepare samples for transmission electron microscope observation, leaves the protoenstatite unchanged. Therefore, samples including protoenstatite should be prepared without producing shear stress so that the protoenstatite can be observed.
Donowensite, Ca(H2O)3Fe3+2(V2O7)2, and Mikehowardite, Fe3+4(VO4)4(H2O)2·H2O, Two New Vanadium Minerals from the Wilson Springs Vanadium Mine, Wilson Springs, Arkansas, USA
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Hughes John M. , Nash Barbara P. , Smith Jason B.
Published: May 2022

Donowensite (IMA2020-067), Ca(H2O)3Fe3+2(V2O7)2, and mikehowardite (IMA2020-068), Fe3+4(VO4)4(H2O)2·H2O, are intimately associated new secondary minerals from the Wilson Springs vanadium mine, Wilson Springs, Arkansas, USA. Donowensite has the following properties: needles up to 1 mm in length; yellow color; orange streak; subadamantine luster; brittle; Mohs hardness 3; splintery fracture; three cleavages ({001} perfect, {100} and {010} very good); density 2.97(2) g/cm3; biaxial (+), α > 1.95, β > 1.95, γ > 1.95; 2V = 72(2)°; moderate r > v dispersion; orientation X ^ b = 7°, Z ≈ c; pleochroism X brown orange, Y orange yellow, Z yellow. Mikehowardite has the following properties: equant prisms up to 0.15 mm in length; very dark brown color; yellow-orange streak; subadamantine luster; Mohs hardness 3½; irregular, stepped fracture; three cleavages ({100} very good, two undetermined good cleavages); density 3.19(2) g/cm3; biaxial with slight pleochroism in shades of brown-orange; Gladstone-Dale nav = 2.034. Electron probe microanalyses provided the empirical formulae Ca0.93Fe3+1.92Mn3+0.01V4.06P0.01O17H6.00 for donowensite and K0.11Ca0.02Fe3+3.78Mn3+0.03V3.67P0.33O18.87H6.18 for mikehowardite. Donowensite is triclinic, P with a = 7.3452(4), b = 9.9291(4), c = 10.0151(7) Å, α = 94.455(7), β = 98.476(7), γ = 100.779(7)°, V = 705.52(7) Å3, and Z = 2. Mikehowardite is triclinic, P with a = 6.6546(17), b = 6.6689(14), c = 9.003(2) Å, α = 76.515(5), β = 84.400(6), γ = 75.058(5)°, V = 375.11(15) Å3, and Z = 1. The structure of donowensite (R1 = 0.0561 for 2615 I > 2σI reflections) contains zig-zag chains of edge-sharing FeO6 octahedra that are linked to one another by V2O7 pyrovanadate groups to form sheets between which are Ca2+ cations and H2O groups. The structure of mikehowardite (R1 = 0.0678 for 1098 I > 2σI reflections) has similarities to the structure of schubnelite. In both mikehowardite and schubnelite, edge-sharing dimers of Fe3+O6 octahedra are linked by distorted VO4 tetrahedra.
A voz de cabeça na voz de barítono
Authors: Carvalho Régis de
Published: May 2022

This book has a very specific target audience: singers and teachers in the vocal field. As a result of his experience as a singing teacher and researcher, he presents readers with an alternative vocal training model aimed at working the high region of male medium voices. To follow this path, we approached issues such as the main common technical difficulties encountered by baritones, aspects of vocal classification, aspirated vocal parameters and vocal physiology. Finally, we discussed possible signs of effectiveness of using a vocalize model that works with falsetto emission to facilitate access to head register notes in male middle voices.
Quantifying semantic and pragmatic effects on scalar diversity
Authors: Ronai Eszter , Xiang Ming
Published: May 2022

Scalar inference (SI), the process by which we systematically infer meanings stronger than what was explicitly said, has long been a central topic of investigation in semantics-pragmatics. A recent experimental finding that has generated interest is scalar diversity: that the robustness of SI calculation varies across lexical scales. For instance, the some but not all SI is much more likely to arise than good but not excellent. In this paper, we take a first step toward more rigorously quantifying the observed variation across scales using relative entropy. We then turn to the question of how factors independent of scalar diversity can make SI calculation both more likely and more uniform. We find that a supportive discourse context and overt exhaustification with the focus particle only both increase inference rates and reduce variation across scales, with the effect of only being stronger. However, there still remains a lot of scalar diversity; only when we combine context with semantic exhaustification do we find uniformity across lexical scales.
On the phonetic realization and variation of consonant geminates in Sakha
Authors: Li Aini , Kuang Jianjing
Published: May 2022

This study examines the phonetic realization of geminates of different manners of articulation in an underdocumented Turkic language Sakha using production data from a native speaker. Meanwhile, the temporal compensation between geminates and their surrounding vowels is examined by varying the length of the vowels surrounding the target consonants. Results show that in Sakha, geminates differ from their singleton counterparts mainly by showing a longer overall consonant duration. Regardless, gemination is realized differently for consonants with different manners of articulation. Finally, vowel length is an enhancement cue for the realization of geminates.
Meh contributes VERUM: A study of biased questions in colloquial Singapore English
Authors: Antono Gregory
Published: May 2022

This paper analyzes the contribution of the meh particle in biased questions in Colloquial Singapore English (CSE). Canonical CSE questions can be formed with inversion, or with declaratives with rising intonation (maintaining neutrality), while non-canonical questions typically require discourse particles. Meh occurs clause-finally (It’s raining meh?) and has been described to mark questions and express skepticism, encoding the opposite of what the speaker thinks to be true. Drawing from Romero and Han (2004), I propose that meh contributes the meta-conversational operator verum, which triggers the existence of an epistemic implicature.