bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eco-evolutionary feedbacks can rescue cooperation in microbial populations
Authors: Moreno-Fenoll Clara , Cavaliere Matteo , Martínez-García Esteban , Poyatos Juan F.
Published: February 2017

Bacterial populations whose growth depends on the cooperative production of public goods are usually threatened by the rise of cheaters that do not contribute but just consume the common resource. Minimizing cheater invasions appears then as a necessary mechanism to maintain these populations. However, that invasions result instead in the persistence of cooperation is a prospect that has yet remained largely unexplored. Here, we show that the demographic collapse induced by cheaters in the population can actually contribute to the rescue of cooperation, in a clear illustration of how ecology and evolution can influence each other. The effect is made possible by the interplay between spatial constraints and the essentiality of the shared resource. We validate this result by carefully combining theory and experiments, with the engineering of a synthetic bacterial community in which the public compound allows survival to a lethal stress. The characterization of the experimental system identifies additional factors that can matter, like the impact of the lag phase on the tolerance to stress, or the appearance of spontaneous mutants. Our work explains the unanticipated dynamics that eco-evolutionary feedbacks can generate in microbial communities, feedbacks that reveal fundamental for the adaptive change of ecosystems at all scales.
Identification of Extracellular Segments by Mass Spectrometry Improves Topology Prediction of Transmembrane Proteins
Authors: Langó Tamás , Róna Gergely , Hunyadi-Gulyás Éva , Turiák Lilla , Varga Julia , Dobson László , Várady György , Drahos László , Vértessy Beáta G. , Medzihradszky Katalin F. , Szakács Gergely , Tusnády Gábor E.
Published: February 2017

Transmembrane proteins play crucial role in signaling, ion transport, nutrient uptake, as well as in maintaining the dynamic equilibrium between the internal and external environment of cells. Despite their important biological functions and abundance, less than 2% of all determined structures are transmembrane proteins. Given the persisting technical difficulties associated with high resolution structure determination of transmembrane proteins, additional methods, including computational and experimental techniques remain vital in promoting our understanding of their topologies, 3D structures, functions and interactions. Here we report a method for the high-throughput determination of extracellular segments of transmembrane proteins based on the identification of surface labeled and biotin captured peptide fragments by LC/MS/MS. We show that reliable identification of extracellular protein segments increases the accuracy and reliability of existing topology prediction algorithms. Using the experimental topology data as constraints, our improved prediction tool provides accurate and reliable topology models for hundreds of human transmembrane proteins.
Electrical and photocatalytic properties of boron-doped ZnO nanostructure grown on PET–ITO flexible substrates by hydrothermal method
Authors: Wang Wei , Ai Taotao , Yu Qi
Published: February 2017

Boron-doped zinc oxide sheet-spheres were synthesized on PET–ITO flexible substrates using a hydrothermal method at 90 °C for 5 h. The results of X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the B atoms were successfully doped into the ZnO lattice, the incorporation of B led to an increase in the lattice constant of ZnO and a change in its internal stress. The growth mechanism of pure ZnO nanorods and B-doped ZnO sheet-spheres was specifically investigated. The as-prepared BZO/PET–ITO heterojunction possessed obvious rectification properties and its positive turn-on voltage was 0.4 V. The carrier transport mechanisms involved three models such as hot carrier tunneling theory, tunneling recombination, and series-resistance effect were explored. The BZO/PET–ITO nanostructures were more effective than pure ZnO to degrade the RY 15, and the degradation rate reached 41.45%. The decomposition process with BZO nanostructure followed first-order reaction kinetics. The photocurrent and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the B-doping could promote the separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, which was beneficial to enhance the photocatalytic activity. The photocurrent density of B-doped and pure ZnO/PET–ITO were 0.055 mA/cm2 and 0.016 mA/cm2, respectively. The photocatalytic mechanism of the sample was analyzed by the energy band theory.
Detection of cortisol in serum using quantitative resonance Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Gracie Kirsten , Pang Susan , Jones Gerwyn M. , Faulds Karen , Braybrook Julian , Graham Duncan
Published: February 2017

The development of a portable Raman detection method for the analysis of total and free cortisol in serum samples.
Demonstration of a tailorable and PCR-free detection of Enterococcus DNA isolated from soil samples
Authors: Falcone Natashya , She Zhe , Chen Chai , Dong Bin , Yi Daniel , Kraatz Heinz-Bernhard
Published: February 2017

Bacteria detection is crucial for water and environmental monitoring.
Fishing for the right catalyst for the cross-metathesis reaction of methyl oleate with 2-methyl-2-butene
Authors: Sytniczuk A. , Kajetanowicz A. , Grela K.
Published: February 2017

A comparison of the reactivity of different ruthenium-based complexes in the cross-metathesis reaction of methyl oleate was presented.
Quantitative analysis of the proliferative-to-invasive transition of hypoxic glioma cells
Authors: Gomez Hector
Published: February 2017

Impact of the proliferative-to-invasive transformation of glioma cells on the global growth kinetics of the tumor.
Sequence regulation in the living anionic copolymerization of styrene and 1-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-1-phenylethylene by modification with different additives
Authors: Liu Pibo , Ma Hongwei , Huang Wei , Han Li , Hao Xinyu , Shen Heyu , Bai Yu , Li Yang
Published: February 2017

Sequence regulation in the copolymerization of styrene and 1-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-1-phenylethylene is conveniently achievedviathe modification of additives.
Conduction band position tuning and Ga-doping in (Cd,Zn)S alloy thin films
Authors: Baranowski Lauryn L. , Christensen Steven , Welch Adam W. , Lany Stephan , Young Matthew , Toberer Eric S. , Zakutayev Andriy
Published: February 2017

We used experiment and theory to explore alternative contact layers for accelerating the implementation of new photovoltaic absorber materials.
Mathematical modeling of gas desorption from a metal–organic supercontainer cavity filled with stored N2gas at critical limits
Authors: Sapp Wendi , Gifford Brendan , Wang Zhenqiang , Kilin Dmitri S.
Published: February 2017

Gas escape rates from within the cavity of a MOSC were predicted by molecular dynamics and analytical equations.
Imidazole-modified deferasirox encapsulated polymeric micelles as pH-responsive iron-chelating nanocarrier for cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Theerasilp Man , Chalermpanapun Punlop , Ponlamuangdee Kanyawan , Sukvanitvichai Dusita , Nasongkla Norased
Published: February 2017

Modified deferasirox encapsulated polymeric micelles demonstrate pH-responsive and ON–OFF release behavior to deplete the iron level in cancer cells. The cellular iron deficiency is a novel strategy for cancer treatment.
A highly selective “ON–OFF” probe for colorimetric and fluorometric sensing of Cu2+in water
Authors: Naskar Barnali , Modak Ritwik , Maiti Dilip K. , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Maiti Pulak Kumar , Mandal Sukhendu , Goswami Sanchita
Published: February 2017

A new diformyl phenol based probe for selective detection of Cu2+in aqueous medium, applicable for cell imaging in Vero cells. Theoretical studies were performed to establish the underlying keto–enol tautomerism and optimization of the Cu2+complex.
Study on the synthesis and tribological properties of anti-corrosion benzotriazole ionic liquid
Authors: Zhang S. , Ma L. , Dong R. , Zhang C. Y. , Sun W. J. , Fan M. J. , Yang D. S. , Zhou F. , Liu W. M.
Published: February 2017

Anti-corrosion benzotriazole ionic liquid (IL, BTAP4444) was synthesized by neutralizing 1H-benzotriazole (BTAH) with terabutylphosphonium hydroxide (P4444OH).
Achieving a low electrical percolation threshold and superior mechanical performance in poly(l-lactide)/thermoplastic polyurethane/carbon nanotubes composites via tailoring phase morphology with the aid of stereocomplex crystallites
Authors: Liu Zhenwei , Bai Hongwei , Luo Yuanlin , Zhang Qin , Fu Qiang
Published: February 2017

We demonstrate a facile strategy to fabricate highly conductive PLLA/TPU/CNTs composites with very low percolation threshold and good stiffness–toughness balance via constructing stereocomplex crystallites in PLLA melt to tailor phase morphology.
Stability and clusterization of hydrogen-vacancy complexes in B2-FeAl: insight from hydrogen embrittlement
Authors: Zhang Guikai , Huang Guangqi , Hu Meijuan , Yang Feilong , Liu Lang , Konys Jürgen , Tang Tao
Published: February 2017

Isotropic hydrogenated vacancy-clusters induced hydrogen embrittlement in FeAl.
Tripodal halogen bonding iodo-azolium receptors for anion recognition
Authors: Ruiz-Botella Sheila , Vidossich Pietro , Ujaque Gregori , Peris Eduardo , Beer Paul D.
Published: February 2017

The preparation and anion binding properties of 1,3,5-tri-substituted benzene platform-based tripodal receptors containing halogen bonding (XB) iodo-imidazolium and iodo-triazolium motifs, and hydrogen bonding (HB) analogues are described.
Polymeric vector-mediated delivery of an miR-21 inhibitor for prostate cancer treatment
Authors: Chen Chuyi , Huang Xinghua , Wang Yong , Lin Liteng , Liu Lei , Li Guanyi , Wu Shangchao , Xu Chaozhang , Zhou Jianhua , Shuai Xintao
Published: February 2017

An miR-21 silencing strategy based on a polymeric vector-mediated delivery system was developed for the effective treatment of human prostate cancer.
Carboxylation of styrenes with CBr4and DMSO via cooperative photoredox and cobalt catalysis
Authors: Song Cai-xia , Chen Ping , Tang Yu
Published: February 2017

Cooperative photoredox and cobalt catalyzed carboxylation of styrenes with CBr4to afford the corresponding α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids has been realized through radical addition and Kornblum (DMSO) oxidation.
‘What does the term Critical Thinking mean to you?’ A qualitative analysis of chemistry undergraduate, teaching staff and employers' views of critical thinking
Authors: Danczak S. M. , Thompson C. D. , Overton T. L.
Published: February 2017

Good critical thinking is important to the development of students and a valued skill in commercial markets and wider society. There has been much discussion regarding the definition of critical thinking and how it is best taught in higher education. This discussion has generally occurred between philosophers, cognitive psychologists and education researchers. This study examined the perceptions around critical thinking of 470 chemistry students from an Australian University, 106 chemistry teaching staff and 43 employers of chemistry graduates. An open-ended questionnaire was administered to these groups, qualitatively analysed and subsequently quantified. When asked to define critical thinking respondents identified themes such as ‘analysis’, ‘critique’, ‘objectivity’, ‘problem solving’, ‘evaluate’ and ‘identification of opportunities and problems’. Student respondents described the smallest number of themes whereas employers described the largest number of themes. When asked where critical thinking was developed during the study of chemistry students overwhelmingly described practical environments and themes around inquiry-based learning. When teaching staff were asked this question they commonly identified critiques, research, projects and practical environments to some extent. This research highlights that there is only limited shared understanding of the definition of critical thinking and where it is developed in the study of chemistry. The findings within this article would be of interest to higher education teaching practitioners of science and chemistry, those interested in development of graduate attributes and higher order cognitive skills (HOCS) and those interested in the student and employer perspectives.
Synthesis and reactivity of a ruthenocene-type complex bearing an aromatic π-ligand with the heaviest group 14 element
Authors: Nakada Marisa , Kuwabara Takuya , Furukawa Shunsuke , Hada Masahiko , Minoura Mao , Saito Masaichi
Published: February 2017

An anionic ruthenocene with an η5-coordinating plumbole ligand was prepared and reacted with electrophiles to afford plumbole complexes.
Facile synthesis and electrochemistry of a new cubic rocksalt LixVyO2 (x = 0.78, y = 0.75) electrode material
Authors: Zhang Wanqun , Luo jingjing , Li xiaona , Liang Jianwen , Zhu Yongchun , Qian Yitai
Published: February 2017

A new cubic rocksalt Li0.78V0.75O2 compound was fabricated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries using a simple hydrothermal method for the first time.
Artificial photosynthesis of methanol from carbon dioxide and water via a Nile red-embedded TiO2 photocathode
Authors: Jia Yongjian , Xu Yanjie , Nie Rong , Chen Fengjuan , Zhu Zhenping , Wang Jianguo , Jing Huanwang
Published: February 2017

A novel TiO2 based organic–inorganic composite photocathode was prepared for the efficient artificial photosynthesis of methanol from carbon dioxide and water.
Promoting neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells using β-cyclodextrin sulfonate
Authors: Lyu Zhonglin , Shi Xiujuan , Lei Jiehua , Yuan Yuqi , Yuan Lin , Yu Qian , Chen Hong
Published: February 2017

Promoting neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells using inclusion complexes formed between β-cyclodextrin sulfonate and all-trans retinoic acid.
Au nanorods-sensitized 1DPC for visible detection of NIR light
Authors: Shen Huaizhong , Wu Yuxin , Wang Wenjing , Su Hongyang , Liu Wendong , Zhang Junhu , Zhang Kai , Yang Bai
Published: February 2017

Au nanorod-sensitized one dimensional photonic crystal is fabricated for visible detection of near infrared light with fast response speed and flexibility.
Mild electropolymerization and monitoring of continuous film formation for photoredox-active Ru metallopolymers
Authors: Schlotthauer T. , Friebe C. , Schwenke A. M. , Jäger M. , Schubert U. S.
Published: February 2017

The electropolymerization of a ruthenium(ii) 2,6-di(quinolin-8-yl)pyridine complex with two pendant bithienyl-groups is investigated in detail.
Transcriptomic analyses of the anti-adipogenic effects of oleuropein in human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Casado-Díaz Antonio , Anter Jaouad , Müller Sören , Winter Peter , Quesada-Gómez José Manuel , Dorado Gabriel
Published: February 2017

Transcriptomic analysis in human MSC differentiated into adipocytes in presence of oleuropein, identifies possible pathways responsible for its antiadipogenic effect.
Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages
Authors: Taylor Andrew , Barlow Nicola , Day Martin P. , Hill Sarah , Patriarca Marina , White Mark
Published: February 2017

This 2017 review discusses developments in elemental mass spectrometry, atomic absorption, emission and fluorescence, XRF and LIBS, as applied to the analysis of specimens of clinical interest, foods and beverages. Sample preparation procedures and quality assurance are also included.
Nanorod-assembled NiCo2O4 hollow microspheres assisted by an ionic liquid as advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors
Authors: Zhu Yirong , Ji Xiaobo , Yin Ruiming , Hu Zhongliang , Qiu Xiaoqing , Wu Zhibin , Liu Yong
Published: February 2017

In this work, nanorod-assembled NiCo2O4 hollow microspheres have been successfully prepared by an ionic liquid-assisted hydrothermal method for the first time.
Mn3O4 hollow microcubes and solid nanospheres derived from a metal formate framework for electrochemical capacitor applications
Authors: Liu Zhihe , Zhang Li , Xu Guancheng , Zhang Lu , Jia Dianzeng , Zhang Chuyang
Published: February 2017

Two different morphologies of Mn3O4 were fabricated from a metal formate framework for supercapacitor electrodes with excellent cycling stability.
Microcapsules with a permeable hydrogel shell and an aqueous core continuously produced in a 3D microdevice by all-aqueous microfluidics
Authors: Mytnyk Serhii , Ziemecka Iwona , Olive Alexandre G. L. , van der Meer J. Wim M. , Totlani Kartik A. , Oldenhof Sander , Kreutzer Michiel T. , van Steijn Volkert , van Esch Jan H.
Published: February 2017

We report the continuous production of microcapsules composed of an aqueous core and permeable hydrogel shell, made stable by the controlled photo-cross-linking of the shell of an all-aqueous double emulsion.
An automated repeating batch with catalyst recycle approach to nitro group hydrogenolysis
Authors: Cole Kevin P. , Johnson Martin D. , Laurila Michael E. , Stout James R.
Published: February 2017

An automated repeating batch approach with sequestered catalyst has been applied as a method for nitro group hydrogenolysis.
Material nucleation/growth competition tuning towards highly reproducible planar perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 20%
Authors: Ding Bin , Li Yan , Huang Shi-Yu , Chu Qian-Qian , Li Cheng-Xin , Li Chang-Jiu , Yang Guan-Jun
Published: February 2017

Decreasing the crystal growth time and increasing the number of nuclei produced high quality perovskite films toward large-area high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.
Carboxymethyl cellulose binders enable high-rate capability of sulfurized polyacrylonitrile cathodes for Li–S batteries
Authors: Li Yang , Zeng Qingcong (Ray) , Gentle Ian R. , Wang Da-Wei
Published: February 2017

Water-processable binders improved the electrode polarity and wettability. Li–S batteries consisting of such binders exhibited superior performance at high current densities.
Electromagnetic wave propagation in a rolled-up tubular microcavity
Authors: Huang Gaoshan , Mei Yongfeng
Published: February 2017

This review summarizes recent research progress concerning rolled-up tubular microcavities, focusing on resonance tuning and sensing applications.
N-Unsubstituted thienoisoindigos: preparation, molecular packing and ambipolar organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Yoo Dongho , Hasegawa Tsukasa , Ashizawa Minoru , Kawamoto Tadashi , Masunaga Hiroyasu , Hikima Takaaki , Matsumoto Hidetoshi , Mori Takehiko
Published: February 2017

N-Unsubstituted thienoisoindigo and the diphenyl derivative are prepared and these molecules exhibit ambipolar performance in organic thin film transistors.
Sphincterotomy with endoscopic biliary drainage for severe acute cholangitis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Sawas Tarek , Arwani Noura , Al Halabi Shadi , Vargo John
Published: February 2017

Aims To investigate the role of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) with endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) in acute severe obstructive cholangitis management by performing a meta-analysis of controlled trials.

Method We searched PubMed and Embase for controlled studies that compared endoscopic drainage with ES versus Non-ES in acute obstructive cholangitis. Two reviewers selected the studies and extracted the data. Disagreement was addressed by a third reviewer. Heterogeneity of the studies was analyzed by Cochran’s Q statistics. A Mantel–Haenszel risk ratio was calculated utilizing a random effects model.

Results Four controlled studies met our inclusion criteria with 392 participants (201 ES, 191 Non-ES). The outcomes were drainage insertion success rate, drainage effectiveness, post drainage pancreatitis, bleeding, procedure duration, perforation, cholecystitis, and 30-day mortality. Drainage insertion success rate was identical in both groups (RR: 1.00, 95 %CI% 0.96 – 1.04). Effective drainage was not significantly different (RR: 1.11, 95 %CI 0.73 – 1.7). There was no significant difference in the incidence of pancreatitis post EBD between the ES and Non-ES groups at 3 % and 4 %, respectively (RR: 0.73, 95 %CI 0.24 – 2.27). However, there was a significant increase in post EBD bleeding with ES compared to Non-ES (RR: 8.58, 95 %CI 2.03 – 36.34). Thirty-day mortality was similar between ES and Non-ES groups at 0.7 % and 1 %, respectively (RR: 0.5, 95 %CI 0.05 – 5.28).

Conclusion Our findings show that EBD without ES is an effective drainage technique and carries less risk for post procedure bleeding. Patients who are critically ill and have coagulopathy should be spared from undergoing ES in the acute phase.
Skleritis – Fortschritte zur Diagnose und Therapie
Authors: Pohlmann D. , Pleyer U.
Published: February 2017

Die Skleritis umfasst ein breites Spektrum morphologischer Veränderungen, die häufig im Rahmen systemischer Erkrankungen auftreten. Während die Episkleritis meist unproblematisch verläuft, ist die Skleritis oft durch einen destruierenden Verlauf charakterisiert. Dies führt nicht selten zu visusrelevanten Folgekomplikationen, die sich als ulzerative Keratitis, Uveitis oder sekundäre intraokulare Drucksteigerung präsentieren. Aufgrund der Schwere dieser Entzündungsform und der häufig zugrunde liegenden Grunderkrankungen soll der Fokus des Beitrags auf die differenzialdiagnostischen Überlegungen und die aktuellen therapeutischen Optionen gelegt werden.
Unified model for the electromechanical coupling factor of orthorhombic piezoelectric rectangular bar with arbitrary aspect ratio
Authors: Rouffaud R. , Levassort F. , Hladky-Hennion A.-C.
Published: February 2017

Piezoelectric Single Crystals (PSC) are increasingly used in the manufacture of ultrasonic transducers and in particular for linear arrays or single element transducers. Among these PSCs, according to their microstructure and poled direction, some exhibit a mm2 symmetry. The analytical expression of the electromechanical coupling coefficient for a vibration mode along the poling direction for piezoelectric rectangular bar resonator is established. It is based on the mode coupling theory and fundamental energy ratio definition of electromechanical coupling coefficients. This unified formula for mm2 symmetry class material is obtained as a function of an aspect ratio (G) where the two extreme cases correspond to a thin plate (with a vibration mode characterized by the thickness coupling factor, kt) and a thin bar (characterized by k33′). To optimize the k33′ value related to the thin bar design, a rotation of the crystallogaphic axis in the plane orthogonal to the poling direction is done to choose the highest value for PIN-PMN-PT single crystal. Finally, finite element calculations are performed to deduce resonance frequencies and coupling coefficients in a large range of G value to confirm developed analytical relations.
Simultaneous measurement of doping concentration and carrier lifetime in silicon using terahertz time-domain transmission
Authors: Lenz M. , Matheisen C. , Nagel M. , Knoch J.
Published: February 2017

In this work, we present a measurement approach enabling the simultaneous determination of sheet resistance and carrier lifetime in semiconductor samples. It is based on a classic Terahertz (THz) time-domain transmission spectroscopy scheme extended by quasi-steady state optical excitation. The carrier lifetime is determined by contactless THz probing of the increase in sheet conductance associated with quasi-steady-state excitation. Combining a successive etch-back of the surface with repeated THz measurements yields a depth profile of the doping concentration and the carrier lifetime, which is important for the optimization of the emitter of solar cells, for instance. The viability of our approach is demonstrated by investigating a phosphorous doped emitter of a silicon solar cell with the THz approach and comparing the results with electrochemical capacitance voltage measurements.
In-situ investigation of the order-disorder transition in Cu2ZnSnSe4 by optical transmission spectroscopy
Authors: Stroth Christiane , Sayed Mohamed H. , Neerken Janet , Mikolajczak Ulf , Rey Germain , Parisi Jürgen , Gütay Levent
Published: February 2017

The existence of disorder is one possible reason for the limited performance of kesterite solar cells. Therefore further knowledge of the order-disorder phase transition, of factors which influence the degree of order and of methods to determine this material property is still required. In this study we investigated the order-disorder transition in the kesterite material Cu2ZnSnSe4 by in-situ optical transmission spectroscopy during heat treatments. We show in-situ results for the temperature dependence of the band gap and its tailing properties. The influence of cooling rates on the phase transition was analyzed as well as the ordering kinetics during annealing at a constant temperature. The critical temperature of the phase transition was determined and the existence of a control temperature range is shown, which allows for controlling the degree of order by the cooling rate within this range. Additionally we performed Raman analysis to link Raman spectra to the degree of order in Cu2ZnSnSe4. A correlation between the intensity ratio of A-modes as well as B-/ E- Raman modes and the degree of order was found.
Write head field design for correcting transition curvature in heat assisted magnetic recording
Authors: Zhu Jian-Gang (Jimmy) , Li Hai
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we present a method for correcting transition curvature in heat assisted magnetic recording. By appropriately varying the recording head field across the track width, straight transitions free of curvature can be created even with a circular thermal profile. Micromagnetic modeling study has been performed to show the consequent signal-to-noise ratio enhancement and corresponding area density gain. Effect of less-than-optimum head field has been analyzed.
Write position shifts in heat-assisted magnetic recording
Authors: Wang Ziran , Hohlfeld Julius , Rea Chris , Victora R. H.
Published: February 2017

Micromagnetic simulations have been performed to investigate the write position shifts in heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) under variation of variables including the thermal profile, write field magnitude, head velocity, media damping, and write field rise time. Simulations reveal that a larger head velocity or a larger media damping tends to shift the write positions towards the heat center. Simulation results are also compared to the predictions of an analytical model based on classical mean-field theory. It is found that, with smaller thermal gradients the analytical model tends to give write positions closer to the heat center; whereas when thermal gradients are larger it tends to shift the write positions away from the heat center. All these effects appear to be dynamic, and can be understood by recognizing the lag between spin temperature and lattice temperature that cannot be captured by the analytical model that assumes equilibrium at all times.
Research on a new magnetic-field-modulated brushless double-rotor machine with sinusoidal-permeance modulating ring
Authors: Zheng Ping , Liu Jiaqi , Bai Jingang , Song Zhiyi , Liu Yong
Published: February 2017

The magnetic-field-modulated brushless double-rotor machine (MFM-BDRM), composed of a stator, a modulating ring rotor, and a PM rotor, is a kind of power-split device for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). In this paper, a new MFM-BDRM with sinusoidal-permeance modulating ring named Sinusoidal-Permeance-Modulating-Ring Brushless Double-Rotor Machine (SPMR-BDRM) is proposed to solve the problem of poor mechanical strength and large iron loss. The structure and the operating principle of the MFM-BDRM are introduced. The design principle of the sinusoidal-permeance modulating ring is analyzed and derived. The main idea of that is to minimize the harmonic permeance of air gap, thereby the harmonic magnetic fields can be restrained. There are comparisons between a MFM-BDRM with sinusoidal-permeance modulating ring and a same size MFM-BDRM with traditional modulating ring, including magnetic field distributions and electromagnetic performances. Most importantly, the iron losses are compared under six different conditions. The result indicates that the harmonic magnetic fields in the air gap are restrained; the electromagnetic torque and power factor are almost the same with same armature current; the torque ripples of the modulating ring rotor and the PM rotor are reduced; the stator loss is reduced by 13% at least and the PM loss is reduced by 20% at least compared with the same size traditional MFM-BDRM under the same operating conditions.
A Novel, Interpenetrating Metal–Organic Framework: Synthesis, Structure, and Luminescence Detection of Nitrobenzene
Authors: Shi Peng-Fei , Wang Li-Xian , Yu Zhao-Peng
Published: February 2017

A 3D heterometal–organic framework {[TbZn(BPDC)2(HCOO)(H2O)3]·2H2O}n (1) was constructed from Tb3+ and Zn2+ as metal ions and 4,4′-dicarboxylate-2,2′-dipyridine (H2BPDC) as the ligand using a solvothermal method. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that compound 1 is 2-fold interpenetrating. Thermogravimetric and solvent stability analyses demonstrated that compound 1 displayed good thermal and solvent stabilities. The luminescent explorations revealed that compound 1 exhibited highly sensitive and qualitative detection of nitrobenzene at the ppm level. To our knowledge, the present study reports for the first time the use of an interpenetrating heterometallic metal–organic framework as a luminescent probe for nitrobenzene.
Sedimentological and geomorphological effects of the 1997 and 1998 flood sequence on the Lower Snowy River, Victoria
Authors: Erskine Wayne D. , Turner Lisa M. , Rose Teresa A.
Published: February 2017

Three floods with flood peak ratios (peak discharge/mean annual flood) ranging between 0.65 and 5.35 occurred on the lower Snowy River in Victoria between June 1997 and August 1998. The June 1998 flood was the largest event downstream of the Rodger River junction where the flood peak ratio was >4. Pre- and post-flood investigations were carried out at the three Snowy River benchmarking sites in Victoria (McKillops Bridge, Sandy Point and Bete Bolong) to determine the impact of the floods on channel-boundary sediments and morphology. Few significant changes in graphic grain-size statistics for channel-boundary sediments were found at McKillops Bridge and Sandy Point. At Bete Bolong, there were many significant changes in the grain-size statistics of both the bed material and bank sediment. The variance and mean of a number of benchfull and bankfull channel morphologic parameters (width, area, mean depth, maximum depth, width‒maximum depth ratio) did not change significantly at McKillops Bridge and Sandy Point. At Bete Bolong, benchfull mean depth and area increased significantly due to bed degradation. Floods with a flood peak ratio of at least 4 are important for mobilising channel-boundary sediments and hence modifying channel morphology on the lower Snowy River.
DiazaCon reduces black-tailed prairie dog reproduction in Colorado
Authors: Yoder Christi A. , Mauldin Richard E. , Gionfriddo James P. , Crane Kenneth A. , Goldade David A. , Engeman Richard M.
Published: February 2017

Context Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomus ludovicianus) often come into conflict with humans in urban natural areas adjacent to private property by destroying plants and denuding the landscape. There is a diversity of attitudes related to urban prairie dog management in Colorado and interest in non-lethal methods is increasing. Therefore, the development of non-lethal methods that allow the existence of prairie dogs and mitigate damage related to population density is needed. Aims The efficacy of DiazaCon (20,25-diazacholesterol dihydrochloride, a cholesterol analogue) as an oral contraceptive bait for reducing reproduction in black-tailed prairie dogs was tested. Persistence of DiazaCon in black-tailed prairie dogs 11 months after initial application was also determined. Methods Prairie dogs were baited with DiazaCon-coated rolled oats or control bait for 10 days over a 20-day period in November 2007 on one control and one treatment site. Sites were randomly assigned to a treatment group. Visual counts were used 8 months post-treatment (June/July 2008) to determine pup:adult ratios on both sites. Prairie dogs on both sites were trapped 11 months post-treatment (September/October 2008) to gather mass and age data to assess juvenile:adult ratios and to collect blood samples for determination of serum cholesterol and desmosterol concentrations. Key results DiazaCon treatment reduced the number of pups per adult by 95.5% when compared with the control site in June/July 2008 (0.09±0.02, n=10, number of observation days) versus 2.0±0.2 (n=10). Free serum cholesterol levels in treated animals (370.7µgmL–1) were lower than control animal levels (411.6µgmL–1, P<0.015), while treated desmosterol levels (14.5µgmL–1) were higher than controls (0.35µgmL–1, P<0.02) 11 months after ingestion of DiazaCon bait. However, these differences would likely not have been sufficient to prevent successful breeding in the upcoming breeding season. Conclusions DiazaCon is an effective contraceptive in black-tailed prairie dogs. It is probably reversible and will likely affect breeding success for only one breeding season. DiazaCon may provide an additional tool to help manage urban populations of prairie dogs in locations where lethal control is unacceptable. Implications The need for further research into secondary hazards to non-target animals, such as predators, is discussed. Recommendations for field application are also discussed.
Chinese as satellite-framed
Authors: Fong Ronald
Published: February 2017

This article defends the position taken by Talmy that Mandarin Chinese is satellite-framed, and thus argues against Slobin and Chen and Guo that Mandarin is ‘equipollently-framed’. The approach we take is constructional and cognitive in that we draw insights from Construction Grammar and Cognitive Grammar, though it is not restricted to either of them. A more unconventional view of the clause structure in Chinese is first presented, examining the so-called ‘complex sentences’ from a cognitive perspective. The consequence of this view is that the notion of ‘equipollent-framed language’ for Chinese can be abandoned and thus tidying up Talmy’s original typology. It is further argued that the constructional-cognitive view of Chinese captures the structural intuitions more appropriately than a traditional generative account, and that the motion-directional structure in Chinese has been constructionalized to the extent that individual verbs in the construction merge but produce a structure with more than their total properties.
Metaphor and metonymy interaction patterns in Modern Greek
Authors: Thomou Paraskevi
Published: February 2017

Drawing on Cognitive Linguistic theories of metaphor and metonymy, in this paper we deal with the interaction between metaphor and metonymy in non-idiomatic Greek expressions. Data from (self-compiled and electronic) corpora show that metonymy functions together with metaphor as a realization of metaphtonymy, and the interaction patterns revealed here are closer to the ‘metaphor from metonymy’ type of interaction (Goossens 1995). It is also argued that a specific construction is instantiated in addition to metaphor and metonymy.
A cognitive linguistic approach to Dholuo sexual euphemisms and dysphemisms
Authors: Ochieng Orwenjo Daniel , Anudo Cellyne A.
Published: February 2017

Cognitive linguistics as a disciplinary school of thought concerns itself with investigating the relationship between human language, the mind and socio-physical experience. It sees language as embedded in the overall cognitive capacities of man, places special emphasis on topics such as the structural characteristics of natural language categorization including, but not limited to, prototypicality, systematic polysemy, cognitive models, mental imagery, and metaphor. This study examined sexual euphemisms and dysphemisms in the Kenyan Dholuo within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics, specifically anchoring itself on Conceptual Integration Theory (Fauconnier and Turner 2002). The study had two objectives: to identify and explain the sex-related dysphemistic words and phrases in Dholuo and to account for the cognitive processes in the creation of sex-related euphemisms. To achieve its objectives, the study used a descriptive design in which the researcher identified the sex-related dysphemisms by asking native Dholuo speakers to name the male and female sexual organs and sex- related physiological processes associated with both males and females. In addition, the respondents were asked to give the alternative terms that were used to refer to the sex-related dysphemistic terms mentioned. The euphemisms collected were analyzed using Conceptual Integration Theory. They were mapped into the different kinds of conceptual mappings (also known as the mental spaces). The study found out that Conceptual Integration Theory adequately and appropriately accounted for the euphemisms in Dholuo in terms of their interpretation. It provides solid tools for understanding, interpreting and accounting for the euphemisms in Dholuo. It is also demonstrated that not only is there a gendered usage of both euphemisms and dysphemisms, but also that their use is socially and culturally constrained. It is concluded that, just like in other languages, Dholuo euphemisms and dysphemisms are analyzable from a cognitive linguistics perspective
Zoals de ouden zongen, piepen de jongen?
Authors: Driessen Geert
Published: February 2017

From birth on, children are confronted with an ever-growing variation of languages. In Dutch primary schools the main language model nowadays is a submersion model centring round Standard-Dutch. The disappointing results of several small-scale bilingual experiments and the large-scale implementation of a bilingual model for immigrant children in the past had led the Ministry of Education to abandon bilingual education, that is, with the exception of models with English, German or French as a second language. The focus of the present article is on language variety at home and school. The main question is how the mother tongue, viz. the language the parents speak, influences their child’s proficiency in Dutch. Analysing data of 14,000 grade 2 pupils that were collected in the 2007, 2010 and 2013 measurement waves of the national COOL5–18 study, this paper first of all describes how often children speak their mother tongue. A distinction is made between Dutch; Frisian and Dutch regional languages and dialects; and foreign languages. The latter mostly refers to Turkish and Berber language varieties. Next, the correlation between speaking the mother tongue and the children’s proficiency in Dutch is analysed. The results show that for children of Dutch, Frisian and Dutch regional languages and dialect speaking parents there are no differences in level of Dutch relative to the number of times they speak their mother tongue. For children of a foreign language speaking parents, however, there is a tendency that the more often they speak their mother tongue the lower their proficiency in Dutch is. This negative relationship is not reduced by accounting for the mother’s educational level and proficiency of Dutch. Most of the children who speak a foreign language are of Turkish or Moroccan descent who in terms of school achievement lag considerably behind their native-Dutch peers. It is suggested that implementing so-called transition classes with targeted language courses during one school year and a follow-up in later years may help diminish this gap.
A prosody-controlled semi-vowel alternation in Yukaghir
Authors: Piispanen Peter Sauli
Published: February 2017

This article shows that Yukaghir underwent a regular sound change whereby all word-internal and word-final w phonemes became j, probably in Early Proto-Yukaghir. After degemination had occurred, possibly in Middle Proto-Yukaghir, any j in an intervocalic position of disyllabic roots was followed by an epenthetic l, as it still is in the modern Yukaghir languages. Palatalization, labialization, uvularization, and assimilative effects finally formed the Late Proto-Yukaghir forms from which the modern languages have arisen. Word-class prosody controls epenthesis, vowel lengthening, and any further word-final vowel changes. Identifying these historical processes also strengthens the evidence that Yukaghir is genealogically related to Uralic. The Uralic and Yukaghiric correspondences are carefully analyzed as to phonology and semantics, resulting in over fifty new or revised cognate suggestions. Further, Yukaghiric shows a trend towards a reduction of the number of root syllables in the comparison. The semi-vowel w remained unchanged word-initially in Tundra Yukaghir and has thus been a continuous part of the Yukaghir phonemic register. Lexemes containing the semi-vowel w found in modern Yukaghir in word-internal and final positions arose from other sources only after the semi-vowel alternation sound change rule.
The Death of Rostam: Literary Representations of Iranian Identity in Early Islam
Authors: Lewental D Gershon
Published: February 2017

The death of the Persian dynast Rostam b. Farrokh-Hormozd at the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah during the Arab-Islamic conquest of Iran received much attention in both the Islamic conquest literature and the Persian epic tradition canonized in the Shāh-nāmeh. A careful examination of the narratives of early Islamic history teaches us much about the mindset of those living in the first centuries following the momentous events of the seventh century. By removing the layers of literary embellishment and moralistic exegesis, we can understand better the impact of the death of this Sāsānian dynast. In addition, by comparing the narrative traditions, we can uncover valuable testimony regarding the early development of what might later be described as an Islamic Iranian identity.
Illustrating History: Rashid al-Din and hisCompendium of Chronicles
Authors: Blair Sheila
Published: February 2017

The Arabic copy of Rashid al-Din’sJāmiʿ al-tavārīkhdated 714/1314‒15 and divided between Edinburgh University Library (Or. ms. 20) and the Khalili Collection in London (ms. 727) is of seminal importance as one of the first and most extensively illustrated histories produced in Iran. This article examines four paintings from the manuscript to suggest why the patron wanted to add illustrations and how artists in his atelier adopted and adapted elements from Chinese painting in order to disseminate the text and enhance its meaning.
Strain-induced precipitation in Nb + Ti dual stabilisation ferritic stainless steel
Authors: Gu Y. , Zhang J. J.
Published: February 2017

Strain-induced precipitation was observed in Nb + Ti dual stabilisation 17%Cr ferritic stainless steels. Nb-containing precipitates were observed in the case of 0.4%Nb but not in the case of 0.2%Nb addition. The precipitation induced by strain is identified (Nb,Ti)C, which is a NbC-rich structure and different from the precipitation in undeformed specimens. The (Nb,Ti)CNbC-rich particles occupied Nb atoms and prevented Fe2Nb from precipitating. The precipitation transformation in 17Cr-0.4Nb-0.2Ti steel is shown as below: [Formula: see text] The pinning effect induced by (Nb,Ti)C makes stainless steels difficult to hot roll, which is in agreement with actual production.
The distribution of vinculin to lipid rafts plays an important role in sensing stiffness of extracellular matrix
Authors: Nagasato Ayaka Ichikawa , Yamashita Hiroshi , Matsuo Michinori , Ueda Kazumitsu , Kioka Noriyuki
Published: February 2017

Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness regulates cell differentiation, survival, and migration. Our previous study has shown that the interaction of the focal adhesion protein vinculin with vinexin α plays a critical role in sensing ECM stiffness and regulating stiffness-dependent cell migration. However, the mechanism how vinculin–vinexin α interaction affects stiffness-dependent cell migration is unclear. Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains that are known to affect ECM-induced signals and cell behaviors. Here, we show that vinculin and vinexin α can localize to lipid rafts. Cell-ECM adhesion, intracellular tension, and a rigid ECM promote vinculin distribution to lipid rafts. The disruption of lipid rafts with Methyl-β-cyclodextrin impaired the ECM stiffness-mediated regulation of vinculin behavior and rapid cell migration on rigid ECM. These results indicate that lipid rafts play an important role in ECM-stiffness regulation of cell migration via vinculin.
Modelling multiple management objectives in fisheries: Australian experiences
Authors: Pascoe Sean D. , Plagányi Éva E. , Dichmont Catherine M.
Published: February 2017

Incorporating social and economic relationships, together with ecological sustainability objectives into models to provide management advice creates a number of challenges, particularly when this advice requires complex trade-offs between objectives. This is further complicated by differences in quality and quantity of data across fisheries, and difficulties in quantifying some measures, particularly around social objectives and outcomes. Internationally, a wide variety of approaches have been used, some as part of the formal management strategy evaluation process, and others more exploratory. In this paper, we outline the general challenges around incorporating multiple objectives into models for management advice under different levels of data availability. We present three case Australian study fisheries where different approaches have been used to include social, economic and ecological considerations, reflecting the differences in data types and availability. We focus on Australian fisheries as these were among the first in the world to embrace a management objective of maximizing net economic returns as the primary objective of fisheries management, and, more recently, social objectives have increasingly been promoted in fisheries management. Quantifying the latter has created challenges for the development of fisheries models, requiring innovate ways to link the different components.
Parametrized bar recursion: a unifying framework for realizability interpretations of classical dependent choice
Authors: Powell Thomas
Published: February 2017

During the last 20 years or so, a wide range of realizability interpretations of classical analysis have been developed. In many cases, these are achieved by extending the base interpreting system of primitive recursive functionals with some form of bar recursion, which realizes the negative translation of either countable or countable dependent choice. In this work, we present the many variants of bar recursion used in this context as instantiations of a parametrized form of backward recursion, and give a uniform proof that under certain conditions this recursor realizes a corresponding family of parametrized dependent choice principles. From this proof, the soundness of most of the existing bar recursive realizability interpretations of choice, including those based on the Berardi–Bezem–Coquand functional, modified realizability and the more recent products of selection functions of Escardó and Oliva, follows as a simple corollary. We achieve not only a uniform framework in which familiar realizability interpretations of choice can be compared, but show that these represent just simple instances of a large family of potential interpretations of dependent choice principles.