bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A utilização de Tecnologia Assistiva na vida cotidiana de crianças com deficiência
Authors: Varela Renata Cristina Bertolozzi , Oliver Fátima Corrêa
Published: June 2013

Este estudo visa compreender a utilização por crianças com deficiência de tecnologia assistiva na vida cotidiana, considerando esta como espaço de expressão da particularidade e da genericidade dos indivíduos. Foi desenvolvido com pesquisa documental de prontuários, aplicação de formulário, observação de atividades cotidianas das crianças e suas famílias e entrevista semiestruturada. Foram estudadas cinco crianças, representativas em idade, sexo, diagnóstico e uso de tecnologia assistiva, atendidas em serviço de atenção básica em saúde do Município de São Paulo. Os recursos são empregados nos domicílios, escolas e outros ambientes e seu uso é influenciado pelas relações familiares e sociais e pela possibilidade de acesso a bens e serviços. Verificou-se que as atividades cotidianas e o uso dos recursos se organizam em função do tempo, dos espaços, dos modos de agir da criança e, principalmente, de seus cuidadores, evidenciando a presença do pragmatismo, economicismo e espontaneidade típicos da vida cotidiana. Os resultados levantaram elementos que podem orientar a prática de profissionais no trabalho com tecnologia assistiva e contribuir para as avaliações sobre a concessão de equipamentos no Sistema Único de Saúde.
Das diretrizes à prática: avaliação da atenção pediátrica prestada por um serviço de referência secundária no norte de Minas Gerais
Authors: Moreira Laura Monteiro de Castro , Alves Cláudia Regina Lindgren , Belisário Soraya Almeida , Bueno Mariana de Caux , Moraes Érica Furtado de
Published: June 2013

A coexistência de condições agudas e crônicas demanda a reorganização do sistema de saúde vigente. O Programa Viva Vida é a estratégia de Minas Gerais para enfrentamento dos problemas na área da saúde da criança. Uma de suas ações é a implantação de Centros Viva Vida de Referência Secundária (CVVRS). O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a atenção pediátrica prestada por um CVVRS, tendo como referência as diretrizes pactuadas para sua implantação. Foi adotada abordagem quanti-qualitativa, incluindo estudo transversal com amostra aleatória e estratificada de 385 prontuários de crianças inscritas de 2007 a 2009, e análise de grupos focais com atores estratégicos da iniciativa. Houve divergência entre o perfil dos usuários e o público-alvo previsto em relação à idade, município de origem e características clínicas. O acesso e o uso do serviço são heterogêneos entre os municípios da região devido a entraves como desconhecimento da proposta, dificuldade de transporte e fragilidades da rede. A implantação do centro é identificada como iniciativa inovadora e importante para expansão e organização da rede, entretanto, a lógica planejada não se verifica na prática. Intervenções voltadas para a articulação entre os serviços da rede e a adequação das diretrizes pactuadas às peculiaridades regionais são necessárias.
Sexualidade, reprodução e saúde: experiências de adolescentes que vivem em município do interior de pequeno porte
Authors: Vonk Angélica Cristina Roza Pereira , Bonan Claudia , Silva Kátia Silveira da
Published: June 2013

O objetivo deste artigo é escrever experiências de adolescentes escolares de ambos os sexos, de um município do interior do Rio de Janeiro, referentes à vida afetivo-sexual, à reprodução e à saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Estudo transversal com 200 adolescentes de escolas públicas de Silva Jardim, de 15 a 19 anos, com aplicação de questionário estruturado. A iniciação sexual das meninas ocorreu entre 15 e 19 anos e dos meninos entre 12 a 14 anos. Eles se iniciaram com parceiros de 12 a 19 anos e elas com parceiros mais velhos. Meninas receberam mais informações sobre relações sexuais do que meninos e conversaram mais com parceiros sobre prevenção de gravidez na ocasião da iniciação sexual. Fontes de informações sobre sexualidade e contracepção são principalmente os pais. A farmácia é o principal local de aquisição de contraceptivos. Informações sobre doenças sexualmente transmissíveis provêm principalmente da escola. A comparação desses resultados com os de outros estudos com adolescentes escolares de grandes centros urbanos e populações que incluem jovens fora da escola evidencia aproximações e distanciamentos entre suas experiências. Fatores relacionados ao contexto sociocultural e institucional de pequenos municípios, diferenciais de gênero e escolaridade ajudam a compreendê-las.
As macropolíticas educacionais e a micropolítica de gestão escolar: repercussões na saúde dos trabalhadores
Authors: Souza Kátia Reis de , Rozemberg Brani
Published: June 2013

RESUMO O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar e interpretar as políticas de gestão do trabalho em vigor na rede de educação pública do Rio de Janeiro, em sua relação com a saúde dos trabalhadores de escolas. Por intermédio de uma pesquisa de base qualitativa, foram entrevistados trabalhadores de doze escolas, sendo as entrevistas interpretadas segundo o enfoque da análise do discurso. As políticas mais citadas pelos entrevistados foram: as políticas administrativas relacionadas à saúde dos profissionais da educação, como a readaptação funcional e a licença médica; as políticas relacionadas a práticas pedagógicas, como a política de aprovação automática, o sistema de ciclos e o Programa Nova Escola; e, ainda, as políticas relacionadas ao atual modelo de gestão pública, como a terceirização de funcionários. Constatamos que o paradigma hegemônico de gestão do trabalho em escolas não tem levado em consideração o contexto do trabalho onde se efetiva a gestão micropolítica dessa atividade. A partir das entrevistas, verificamos o quanto as macropolíticas educacionais e as medidas governamentais podem ser determinantes das atuais circunstâncias de saúde dos profissionais da educação, sendo necessário um conjunto de medidas para modificar as condições e a organização do trabalho que são geradoras de adoecimento, como o desenvolvimento de políticas participativas para diminuir os afastamentos por motivo de saúde. Desenvolvemos o argumento de que é preciso conhecer e transformar os efeitos sociais e econômicos originados da ausência de uma macropolítica pública de saúde voltada para o trabalho em escolas.
Virtual learning environments in the light of the Complexity Paradigm: interface, affordances and equifinality
Authors: Souza Valeska Virginia Soares
Published: June 2013

I have investigated, through the lens of the Complexity Paradigm, aligned with the premises of the Theory of General Systems and the concept of affordances, two virtual learning environments (VLEs), defining them as systems composed of digital genres, regarding a VLE as a complex adaptive system. These VLEs were reconfigured from the platforms TelEduc and Moodle and used to teach the discipline "Digital Literacy", in the course of Languages and Literature Teaching degree at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), during the second semester of 2007 and the second semester of 2008, respectively. The analyses have indicated that the textual production of the emerging online discourse communities was influenced by the coupling of different layers of the interface, the textual genres and the communicative and pedagogical purposes and, also, by the affordances which were perceived and acted upon by teachers and learners. The analyzed VLEs have portrayed the characteristic of equifinality, regardless of the possibilities and constraints offered by the platforms TelEduc and Moodle.
Attractor states, control parameters, and co-adaptation in instructed L2 inferential comprehension: a design-based research study of a critical reading intervention
Authors: Escudero Moisés Damián Perales
Published: June 2013

Previous L1 and L2 research on inferential comprehension has tended to follow a quantitative orientation. By contrast, L2 research on critical reading is qualitative and tends to ignore inferences. This paper presents a qualitative, design-based study of a critical reading intervention focused on promoting generative rhetorical inferences and investigating co-adaptation and emergence of new meaning-making capacities. Complexity theory (CT) constructs were used to research processes of co-adaptation between the participants' comprehension and the teacher-researcher's understanding of learning and instructional needs. Identification of attractor states and control parameters in classroom discourse were used to explore unpredicted factors influencing the participants' inferential comprehension and further refine the intervention. The results indicate that rhetorical genre knowledge acted as a control parameter driving the students' comprehension to attractor states characterized by implausible inferences, and that this knowledge explains the emergence of pragmatic meaning (rhetorical inferences) from semantic meaning. The paper illustrates the usefulness of CT constructs in doing design-based research qualitatively in a manner that informs both theory and practice.
Morfologia de esporos de pteridófitas do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (São Paulo, Brasil): Família: 5-Dennstaedtiaceae
Authors: Esteves Luciano Mauricio , Coelho Carolina Brandão
Published: June 2013

Foram estudados os esporos de onze espécies de pteridófitas pertencentes à família Dennstaedtiaceae do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga. A família está representada na área por cinco gêneros: Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Lindsaea, Pteridium e Saccoloma. Para todos os táxons estudados são apresentadas descrições, ilustrações, observações, bem como uma chave para a identificação das espécies.
Germinação de sementes de espécies de Melastomataceae de Cerrado sob condições controladas de luz e temperatura
Authors: Carreira Rosana Cristina , Zaidan Lilian Beatriz Penteado
Published: June 2013

Foram investigados os efeitos de luz e temperatura na germinação de sementes de Miconia albicans, M. langosdorffii, M. rubiginosa, M. stenostachya, Schizocetron elegans e Tibouchina gracilis (Melastomataceae). As sementes foram expostas diariamente à luz por 0, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 180 min, 360 min, 720 min and 1.440 min a 25 ºC. Foram fornecidos cinco gradientes de fotoequilíbrio do fitocromo (j) às sementes de M. albicans e M. rubiginosa. A germinação das sementes foi testada a 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35ºC e a 30/20ºC, sob luz e escuro contínuos. As medidas de germinação analisadas foram germinabilidade, tempo e velocidade médios de germinação. As sementes das espécies analisadas são fotoblásticas. M. albicans, M. langsdorffii, S. elegans e T. gracilis exigem entre 60 e 90 min diários de luz para desencadear o processo de germinação. M. stenostachya (15 min) eM. rubiginosa (360 min) seriam os extremos desse tipo de comportamento. A germinabilidade das sementes de M. albicans aumentou sob gradientes crescentes de V:VE. As sementes de M. rubiginosa tiveram baixa germinabilidade, sendo inconclusiva sua resposta a esse tratamento. Com relação à temperatura, a germinação das sementes ocorreu preferencialmente entre 20 e 30 ºC e na temperatura alternada. Germinação na luz e na faixa de temperatura entre 20 ºC e 30 ºC são características que contribuem para o sucesso do estabelecimento das Melastomataceae de regiões de cerrado. Ali, elas permanecem por longos períodos no banco de sementes do solo e podem germinar quando recebem luz, mesmo por períodos curtos, apesar das variações diurnas de temperatura.
Germinação de sementes de Erythrina speciosa Andr., Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. e Cucumis sativus L. em meio ácido
Authors: Koszo Cristina Rita Radics , Rinaldi Mirian Cilene Spasiani , Barbedo Claudio José
Published: June 2013

Muitos estudos situam a germinação das sementes dentre os estágios de desenvolvimento extremamente vulneráveis às condições ambientais e que a resposta germinativa à acidez pode auxiliar o conhecimento sobre diferenças na composição florística. Sementes de duas espécies nativas (Erythrina speciosa Andr. e Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.) e uma cultivada (Cucumis sativus L.) foram avaliadas quanto à germinação em diferentes níveis de acidez e a concentrações de alumínio, esta relacionada indiretamente com o pH do solo. Sementes de E. speciosa e C. sativus germinaram inclusive em pH 1,0. O alumínio afetou a germinação das três espécies, com inibição em pH 1,0 e 2,0. Constatou-se que as sementes de E. brasiliensis apresentaram a maior suceptibilidade às condições químicas do meio. Os resultados demonstraram que o efeito da acidez sobre a germinação provavelmente ocorre entre a fase de embebição e a fase da protrusão da radícula.
Sinopsis de las Thelypteridaceae de Brasil central y Paraguay
Authors: Ponce Mónica
Published: June 2013

Aunque las Thelypteridaceae han sido tratadas en forma actualizada para Norteamérica, Mesoamérica, Guayanas, Ecuador, Perú, Argentina y sur y sudeste de Brasil, la región central de Sudamérica aún requería de una puesta al día. Con este motivo se estudiaron las especies de Thelypteridaceae de Paraguay y Brasil central, encontrándose 55 taxones, entre especies e infraespecíficos, comprendidos en dos géneros y cinco subgéneros. Se brinda una clave general para los grupos y sus entidades, con datos de distribución, ecología e ilustraciones. Se incluyen una nueva combinación, nuevos sinónimos y extensiones de área, se resuelven problemas nomenclaturales y discuten cuestiones taxonómicas. Pese a que el área estudiada es muy amplia se destaca que el número total de especies es menor respecto a las regiones conocidas en concordancia con la menor riqueza de ambientes.
Nitophyllum adhaerens (Ceramiales, Delesseriaceae), uma nova ocorrência para o litoral brasileiro
Authors: Surati Renata , Guimarães Silvia Maria Pita de Beauclair
Published: June 2013

Durante estudo sobre as Rodofíceas do infralitoral do Estado do Espírito Santo foram encontrados exemplares de Nitophyllum adhaerens M.J. Wynne em coletas realizadas a 6 metros de profundidade. Os espécimens foram estudados detalhadamente e comparados com espécies morfologicamente semelhantes. As principais características da espécie são talo foliáceo delicado, monostromático, sem nervura central e sem vênulas, presença de rizóides marginais e soros de tetrasporângios localizados próximo às margens. Esta é a primeira ocorrência de Nitophyllum adhaerens para o litoral brasileiro.
Flora polínica da Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (São Paulo, Brasil): família: 134-Apocynaceae
Authors: Luz Cynthia Fernandes Pinto da , Albanese Fernanda Jacinto , Corrêa Angela Maria Silva
Published: June 2013

No presente trabalho foram estudados os grãos de pólen de 11 gêneros e 16 espécies de Apocynaceae ocorrentes na "Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga: Allamanda schottii Pohl, Aspidosperma olivaceum Müll. Arg., A. polyneuron Müll. Arg., Condylocarpon isthmicum (Vell.) A. DC., Forsteronia australis Müll. Arg., F. rufa Müll. Arg., Macrosiphonia pinifolia (A. St.-Hil.) Malme, Mandevilla emarginata (Vell.) C. Ezcurra, M. pohliana (Mart. ex Stadelm.) A.H. Gentry, M. urophylla (Hook. f.) Woodson, Peltastes peltatus (Vell.) Woodson, Prestonia calycina Müll. Arg., P. coalita (Vell.) Woodson, Rauvolfia sellowii Müll. Arg., Secondatia sp. e Tabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC. Para todos os táxons estudados, foram apresentadas descrições, ilustrações, observações, bem como chave para a identificação das espécies baseada na morfologia polínica.
Composição da flora vascular em um remanescente de floresta montana no semi-árido do nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Rodal Maria Jesus Nogueira , Sales Margareth Ferreira de
Published: June 2013

As florestas montanas (altitude > 600 m) do semi-árido do nordeste do Brasil são rodeadas por vegetação não florestal caducifólia espinhosa (caatinga), apresentando flora e fisionomia distintas. Ocupam as áreas mais elevadas de determinados relevos, a depender da condição climática criada pela da altitude. Considerando que a literatura mostra que a flora daquelas florestas varia conforme o grau de umidade do ambiente, foi realizado o levantamento da flora vascular da floresta montana úmida do Parque Ecológico João Vasconcelos-Sobrinho, Caruaru, Pernambuco, com objetivo de comparar os resultados com outras florestas montanas da região. Foram registradas 332 espécies/subespécies pertencentes a 85 famílias. Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae e Myrtaceae foram as famílias com maior número de espécies. A análise comparativa com outras florestas montanas indica que a proporção de espécies de árvores na flora total diminui e a de arbustos e subarbustos aumenta à medida que essas serras se distanciam do litoral.
Puccinia caxiuanensis sp. nov. de Uredinales em espécies de Burseraceae no Brasil
Authors: Sotão Helen Maria Pontes , Hennen Joe Fleetwood , Rezende Denise Vilela de
Published: June 2013

Descreve-se Puccinia caxiuanensis, coletada na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Estado do Pará, Brasil, como uma nova espécie de Uredinales (ferrugem) sobre Crepidospermum goudotianum (Tul) Triana & Planch. e Tetragastris panamensis (Engl.) Kuntze (Burseraceae).
Palinologia de espécies de Malpighiaceae Juss. ocorrentes nas restingas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Gonçalves-Esteves Vania , Soares Junior Edio Ferreira , Mendonça Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira
Published: June 2013

Foram analisadas 17 espécies subordinadas a oito gêneros ocorrentes nas restingas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com o objetivo de contribuir para a caracterização polínica dessas espécies e para o catálogo polínico das restingas do Rio de Janeiro. Os grãos de pólen foram acetolisados, analisados e fotomicrografados sob microscopia de luz. Para observar detalhes da superfície, grãos de pólen não acetolisados foram analisados em MEV. Apenas Byrsonima sericea possui grãos de pólen isopolares, pequenos e tricolporados. Nas demais espécies os grãos de pólen foram apolares e apresentaram atributos que foram utilizados na chave polínica sendo as principais caraterísticas utilizadas, o tamanho dos grãos de pólen, a quantidade e dimensões dos poros, a ornamentação da sexina e dos colpóides. Conclui-se que as espécies são palinologicamente distintas e as características polínicas mostraram ser um bom recurso disponível aos pesquisadores que poderão utilizar na taxonomia e demais áreas afins.
Sinopse da tribo Crotoneae Dumort. (Euphorbiaceae s.s.) no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Caruzo Maria Beatriz Rossi , Cordeiro Inês
Published: June 2013

A tribo Crotoneae está representada no Estado pelo gênero Astraea Klotzsch, com duas espécies e Croton L., com 37. São apresentadas chaves de identificação para os gêneros e espécies e ilustrações de características diagnosticas. Para cada uma das espécies são referidos a publicação original, sinônimos, distribuição geográfica e o tipo de vegetação em que ocorre, juntamente com uma coleção representativa de herbário. Uma nova combinação, Astraea cincta (Müll. Arg.) Caruzo & Cordeiro, é proposta para Croton cinctus Müll. Arg. e são aqui designados 17 lectótipos e um neótipo.
Cut and Post‐Cut Herbage Management Affects Berseem Clover Seed Yield
Authors: Amato Gaetano , Giambalvo Dario , Ruisi Paolo
Published: June 2013

The seed yield of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinumL.) is usually obtained from regrowth after forage utilization. In stockless, cereal‐growing, or specialized seed farms the forage is not needed and the mowed herbage is seldom marketable. Three different experiments were conducted in a Mediterranean environment to evaluate the effect of returning the cut biomass to the soil/crop on the regrowth, seed yield, and seed quality of berseem clover. Different forms of cut and post‐cut management were examined, in which the time of cutting, the amount of biomass returned to the crop/soil, and the size of the returned material (unchopped or chopped) all varied. In addition, the effect of the berseem management on the grain yield and N content of a subsequent durum wheat (Triticum durumDesf.) crop was evaluated. The study showed that when cutting takes place during the early spring, removing and returning the herbage both result in similar seed yields but when cutting takes place later it is necessary to chop the herbage to eliminate or strongly attenuate the negative effects of mulching on seed yield. In farms in which it is not convenient or possible to use the cut herbage, returning the herbage to the crop/soil (without detrimental effects on seed yield) would increase N availability for subsequent non‐legume crops. This option appears to be particularly relevant to organic farming.
Software system for creation of human femur customized polygonal models
Authors: Vitkovic Nikola , Milovanovic Jelena , Korunovic Nikola , Trajanovic Miroslav , Stojkovic Milos , Misic Dragan , Arsic Stojanka
Published: June 2013

Geometrically accurate and anatomically correct threedimensional geometric
models of human bones or bone sections are essential for successful
pre-operative planning in orthopedic surgery. For such purposes, 3D polygonal
models of bones are usually created based on Computer Tomography (CT) or
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. In cases where there is no CT or MRI
scan, or part of bone is missing, such three-dimensional polygonal models are
difficult to create. In these situations predictive bone models are commonly
used. In this paper, the authors describe the developed a software system for
creation of Human Bones Customized Polygonal models (HBCP) which is based on
the use of the predictive parametric bone model. The software system enables
creation of patient-specific polygonal models of bones, by using only a
limited number of parameter values. Parameter values can be acquired from
volumetric medical imaging methods (CT, MRI), or from two-dimensional imaging
methods (i.e. Xray). This paper introduces the new approach to the process of
creation of human bones geometrical models which are based on the anatomical
landmark points. Testing of the HBCP for the cases of femur bone samples has
shown that created bone and bone region models are characterized by a good
level of anatomical and morphometric accuracy compared to the results
presented in similar researches.
Antioxidant capacity and contents of phenols, ascorbic acid, β-carotene and lycopene in lettuce
Authors: Zdravkovic Jasmina , Acamovic-Djokovic Gordana , Mladenovic Jelena , Pavlovic Rados , Zdravkovic Milan
Published: June 2013

The antioxidant activity of three lettuce varieties (Lactuca sativa L.)
Emerald, Vera and Neva, cultivated in two kinds of protected spaces, a
glasshouse and a plastic greenhouse, under controlled conditions, was
determined. The content of antioxidant compounds: total phenols, flavonoids,
L-ascorbic acid, ?-carotene and lycopene, were determined in ethanolic
extracts of the lettuce with spectrophotometric methods. The largest content
of total phenols (78.98 ? 0.67 mg GAE/g of dry extract) was found in
ethanolic extract of the lettuce variety Neva cultivated in a plastic
greenhouse, whereas the largest content of flavonoids (35.45 ? 0.95 mg RU/g
of dry extract) was displayed in the lettuce Emerald cultivated in a
glasshouse. It was observed that the lettuce cultivated in the glasshouse
contained a somewhat higher content of L-ascorbic acid than the lettuce same
variety from plastic greenhouse. The content of lycopene in the examined
lettuce is negligible, and the content of ?-carotene is low. On the other
hand, the high content of phenolic components causes favourable antioxidant
properties found in all varieties of examined lettuce.
The influence of the stator geometry on magnetic bearing parameters
Authors: Tomczuk Bronisław , Wajnert Dawid
Published: June 2013

This paper presents an analysis of the stator teeth geometry impact on the parameters of the 8-pole radial magnetic bearing. In this paper, such parameters as current gain and position stiffness have been analysed. Additionally, we have proposed criteria for evaluating the characteristics of these parameters by calculating the variability of current gain and position stiffness. The research has been performed by solving the magnetic bearing actuator boundary problem using the finite element method. Magnetic force has been calculated using the Maxwell stress tensor method. Other parameters, such as current gain and position stiffness have been calculated as partial derivate of the force with respect to control current and position of the rotor.
Sensorless and energy-efficient PMSM drive for fan application
Authors: Brock Stefan , Pajchrowski Tomasz
Published: June 2013

The paper presents the problem of sensorless control of a permanent magnets synchronous motor (PMSM) without a damping cage for fan applications. Frequency control was used according to the principle of v/f = const. In order to reduce the power consumption of the drive system, the optimal voltage to the motor frequency characteristics was tested in the laboratory. The experimental studies was performed on a laboratory set of a drive consisting of two coupled PMSM machines, where one machine was supplied by a transistor inverter and the other was a passive load. A new criterion based on minimizing the module of stator current vector was proposed and an optimization algorithm in steady states was tested. The results of laboratory tests confirmed the validity of the applied solution for the fan drive.
Single-phase line start permanent magnet synchronous motor. Rotor construction and stator winding optimization
Authors: Gwoździewicz Maciej , Zawilak Jan
Published: June 2013

The paper deals with construction of single-phase line start permanent magnet synchronous motor. Circuit-field single-phase line start permanent magnet synchronous motor model based on the mass production single-phase induction motor was applied in Maxwell program. Various rotor constructions were taken into account. Influence of the rotor construction on the motor properties was examined. Running motor performances were examined.
Design and simulation of disk stepper motor with permanent magnets
Authors: Kaňuch Ján , Ferková Želmíra
Published: June 2013

In this paper the design and the magneto-static simulation of axial-flux permanent- magnet stepper motor with the disc type rotor is presented. Disk motors are particularly suitable for electrical vehicles, robots, valve control, pumps, centrifuges, fans, machine tools and manufacturing. The brushless machine with axial flux and permanent magnets, also called the disc-type machine, is an interesting alternative to its cylindrical radial flux counterpart due to the disk shape, compact construction and high torque density. This paper describes a design of four phase microstepping motor with the disc type rotor. The FEM modeling and the 3D magneto-static simulation of the disk stepper motor with permanent magnets is being subject of the article, too. Disc rotor type permanent magnet stepper motor for high torque to inertia ratio is ideal for robotics and CNC machines.
A current-source concept for fast and efficient driving of silicon carbide transistors
Authors: Rąbkowski Jacek
Published: June 2013

The paper discusses the application of the current-source concept in the gate drivers for silicon carbide transistors. There is a common expectation that all SiC devices will be switched very fast in order to reach very low values of switching energies. This may be achieved with the use of suitable gate drivers and one of possibilities is a solution with the current source. The basic idea is to store energy in magnetic field of a small inductor and then release it to generate the current peak of the gate current. The paper describes principles of the current-source driver as well as various aspects of practical implementation. Then, the switching performance of the driven SiC transistors is illustrated by double-pulse test results of the normally-ON and normally-OFF JFETs. Other issues such as problem of the drain-gate capacitance and power consumption are also discussed on the base of experimental results. All presented results show that the currentsource concept is an interesting option to fast and efficient driving of SiC transistors.
Kinetics of tartrazine photodegradation by UV/H2O2 in aqueous solution
Authors: Oancea Petruta , Meltzer Viorica
Published: June 2013

In the present work, kinetics of tartrazine decay by UV irradiation and H2O2 photolysis, and the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) under specific experimental conditions was explored. Irradiation experiments were carried out using a photoreactor of original design with a low-pressure Hg vapour lamp. The photodegradation rate of tartrazine was optimised with respect to the H2O2 concentration and temperature for the constant dye concentration of 1.035 × 10−5 M. Tartrazine degradation and the removal of TOC followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The much higher k obs value for tartrazine degradation (7.91 × 10−4 s−1) as compared with the TOC removal (2.3 × 10−4 s−1) confirmed the presence of reaction intermediates in the solution.
Postmilitary Adjustment to Civilian Life: Potential Risks and Protective Factors
Authors: MacLean Mary Beth , Van Til Linda , Thompson James M. , Sweet Jill , Poirier Alain , Sudom Kerry , Pedlar David J.
Published: June 2013

Background

Adjustment to civilian life in Canadian veterans after release from military service has not been well studied.

Objectives

The objectives of this study were: (1) to explore dimensions of postmilitary adjustment to civilian life and (2) to identify demographic and military service characteristics associated with difficult adjustment.

Design

Data were analyzed from a national sample of 3,154 veterans released from the regular Canadian Forces during 1998 to 2007 in a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2010 called the Survey on Transition to Civilian Life.

Methods

The prevalence of difficult adjustment to civilian life for selected characteristics was analyzed descriptively, and confidence intervals were calculated at the 95% level. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify characteristics available at the time of release that were associated with difficult adjustment.

Results

The prevalence of difficult adjustment to civilian life was 25%. Statistically significant differences were found across indicators of health, disability, and determinants of health. In multivariable regression, lower rank and medical, involuntary, mid-career, and Army release were associated with difficult adjustment, whereas sex, marital status, and number of deployments were not.

Limitations

Findings cannot be generalized to all veterans because many characteristics were self-reported, important characteristics may have been omitted, and causality and association among health, disability, and determinants of health characteristics could not be determined.

Conclusions

Postmilitary adjustment to civilian life appears to be multidimensional, suggesting the need for multidisciplinary collaboration between physical therapists and other service providers to mitigate difficult transition. Potential risk and protective factors were identified that can inform interventions, outreach strategies, and screening activities, as well as further research.
Returning Service Members to Duty Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Exploring the Use of Dual-Task and Multitask Assessment Methods
Authors: Scherer Matthew R. , Weightman Margaret M. , Radomski Mary V. , Davidson Leslie F. , McCulloch Karen L.
Published: June 2013

Within the last decade, more than 220,000 service members have sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI) in support of military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Mild TBI may result in subtle cognitive and sensorimotor deficits that adversely affect warfighter performance, creating significant challenges for service members, commanders, and clinicians. In recent conflicts, physical therapists and occupational therapists have played an important role in evaluating service member readiness to return to duty (RTD), incorporating research and best practices from the sports concussion literature. Because premorbid (baseline) performance metrics are not typically available for deployed service members as for athletes, clinicians commonly determine duty readiness based upon the absence of postconcussive symptoms and return to “normal” performance on clinical assessments not yet validated in the military population. Although practices described in the sports concussion literature guide “return-to-play” determinations, resolution of symptoms or improvement of isolated impairments may be inadequate to predict readiness in a military operational environment. Existing clinical metrics informing RTD decision making are limited because they fail to emphasize functional, warrior task demands and they lack versatility to assess the effects of comorbid deficits. Recently, a number of complex task-oriented RTD approaches have emerged from Department of Defense laboratory and clinical settings to address this gap. Immersive virtual reality environments, field-based scenario-driven assessment programs, and militarized dual-task and multitask-based approaches have all been proposed for the evaluation of sensorimotor and cognitive function following TBI. There remains a need for clinically feasible assessment methods that can be used to verify functional performance and operational competence in a variety of practice settings. Complex and ecologically valid assessment techniques incorporating dual-task and multitask methods may prove useful in validating return-to-activity requirements in civilian and military populations.
Comparing Two Motor Assessment Tools to Evaluate Neurobehavioral Intervention Effects in Infants With Very Low Birth Weight at 1 Year
Authors: Van Hus Janeline W.P. , Jeukens-Visser Martine , Koldewijn Karen , Van Sonderen Loekie , Kok Joke H. , Nollet Frans , Van Wassenaer-Leemhuis Aleid G.
Published: June 2013

Background

Infants with very low birth weight (VLBW) are at increased risk for motor deficits, which may be reduced by early intervention programs. For detection of motor deficits and to monitor intervention, different assessment tools are available. It is important to choose tools that are sensitive to evaluate the efficacy of intervention on motor outcome.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and the Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development–Dutch Second Edition (BSID-II-NL) in their ability to evaluate effects of an early intervention, provided by pediatric physical therapists, on motor development in infants with VLBW at 12 months corrected age (CA).

Design

This was a secondary study in which data collected from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) were used.

Methods

At 12 months CA, 116 of 176 infants with VLBW participating in an RCT on the effect of the Infant Behavioral Assessment and Intervention Program were assessed with both the AIMS and the PDI. Intervention effects on the AIMS and PDI were compared.

Results

Corrected for baseline differences, significant intervention effects were found for AIMS and PDI scores. The highest effect size was for the AIMS subscale sit. A significant reduction of abnormal motor development in the intervention group was found only with the AIMS.

Limitations

No Dutch norms are available for the AIMS.

Conclusions

The responsiveness of the AIMS to detect intervention effects was better than that of the PDI. Therefore, caution is recommended in monitoring infants with VLBW only with the PDI, and the use of both the AIMS and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development is advised when evaluating intervention effects on motor development at 12 months CA.
En bloc resection of a multilevel high-cervical chordoma involving C-2: new operative modalities
Authors: Guppy Kern H. , Chakrabarti Indro , Isaacs Richard S. , Jun Jae H.
Published: June 2013

En bloc resection of cervical chordomas has led to longer survival rates but has resulted in significant morbidities from the procedure, especially when the tumor is multilevel and located in the high-cervical (C1–3) region. To date, there have been only 5 reported cases of multilevel en bloc resection of chordomas in the high-cervical spine. In this technical report the authors describe a sixth case. A complete spondylectomy was performed at C-2 and C-3 with spinal reconstruction and stabilization, using several new modalities that were not used in the previous cases. The use of 1) preoperative endovascular sacrificing of the vertebral artery, 2) CT image-guidance, 3) an ultrasonic aspirator for skeletonizing the vertebral artery, and 4) the custom design of an anterior cage all contributed to absence of intraoperative or long-term (20 months) hardware failure and pseudarthrosis.
Classification of Needle Loss of Individual Scots Pine Trees by Means of Airborne Laser Scanning
Authors: Kantola Tuula , Vastaranta Mikko , Lyytikäinen-Saarenmaa Päivi , Holopainen Markus , Kankare Ville , Talvitie Mervi , Hyyppä Juha
Published: June 2013

Forest disturbances caused by pest insects are threatening ecosystem stability, sustainable forest management and economic return in boreal forests. Climate change and increased extreme weather patterns can magnify the intensity of forest disturbances, particularly at higher latitudes. Due to rapid responses to elevating temperatures, forest insect pests can flexibly change their survival, dispersal and geographic distributions. The outbreak pattern of forest pests in Finland has evidently changed during the last decade. Projection of shifts in distributions of insect-caused forest damages has become a critical issue in the field of forest research. The Common pine sawfly (Diprion pini L.) (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) is regarded as a significant threat to boreal pine forests. Defoliation by D. pini has resulted in severe growth loss and mortality of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) (Pinaceae) in eastern Finland. In this study, tree-wise defoliation was estimated for five different needle loss category classification schemes and for 10 different simulated airborne laser scanning (ALS) pulse densities. The nearest neighbor (NN) approach, a nonparametric estimation method, was used for estimating needle loss of 701 Scots pines, using the means of individual tree features derived from ALS data. The Random Forest (RF) method was applied in NN-search. For the full dense data (~20 pulses/m2), the overall estimation accuracies for tree-wise defoliation level varied between 71.0% and 86.5% (kappa-values of 0.56 and 0.57, respectively), depending on the classification scheme. The overall classification accuracies for two class estimation with different ALS pulse densities varied between 82.8% and 83.7% (kappa-values of 0.62 and 0.67, respectively). We conclude that ALS-based estimation of needle losses may be of acceptable accuracy for individual trees. Our method did not appear sensitive to the applied pulse densities.
Glycyrrhizin Represses Total Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Acute Liver Injury in Rats by Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Tsai Jai-Jen , Kuo Hsing-Chun , Lee Kam-Fai , Tsai Tung-Hu
Published: June 2013

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is an artificial way to support daily nutritional requirements by bypassing the digestive system, but long-term TPN administration may cause severe liver dysfunction. Glycyrrhizin is an active component of licorice root that has been widely used to treat chronic hepatitis. The aim of this study is to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of glycyrrhizin on TPN-associated acute liver injury in vivo. Liver dysfunction was induced by intravenous infusion of TPN at a flow rate of 20 mL/kg/h for three h in Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were pretreated with Glycyrrhizin (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg intravenously). After receiving TPN or saline (control group) for three h, the rats were sacrificed, blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses and liver tissue was removed for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. We found that aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TB) and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly increased in the TPN group without glycyrrhizin pretreatment and decreased in the glycyrrhizin-pretreated TPN group in a dose-dependent manner. The stained liver sections showed that glycyrrhizin relieved acute liver injury. The upregulation of serum protein biomarkers of reactive nitrogen species, including nitrotyrosine and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), were attenuated by glycyrrhizin pretreatment. Levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress factors, such as phosphorylation of JNK1/2, p38 MAPK and CHOP, were decreased by glycyrrhizin pretreatment. In summary, our results suggest that glycyrrhizin decreases TPN-associated acute liver injury factors by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive nitrogen stress.
Anti-Inflammatory Components from the Root of Solanum erianthum
Authors: Chen Yu-Chang , Lee Hong-Zin , Chen Hsin-Chun , Wen Chi-Luan , Kuo Yueh-Hsiung , Wang Guei-Jane
Published: June 2013

Two new norsesquiterpenoids, solanerianones A and B (1–2), together with nine known compounds, including four sesquiterpenoids, (−)-solavetivone (3), (+)-anhydro-β-rotunol (4), solafuranone (5), lycifuranone A (6); one alkaloid, N-trans-feruloyltyramine (7); one fatty acid, palmitic acid (8); one phenylalkanoid, acetovanillone (9), and two steroids, β-sitosterol (10) and stigmasterol (11) were isolated from the n-hexane-soluble part of the roots of Solanum erianthum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physical and spectroscopic data analyses. The anti-inflammatory activity of these isolates was monitored by nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. The cytotoxicity towards human lung squamous carcinoma (CH27), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep 3B), human oral squamous carcinoma (HSC-3) and human melanoma (M21) cell lines was also screened by using an MTT assay. Of the compounds tested, 3 exhibited the strongest NO inhibition with the average maximum inhibition (Emax) at 100 μM and median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 98.23% ± 0.08% and 65.54 ± 0.18 μM, respectively. None of compounds (1–9) was found to possess cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines at concentrations up to 30 μM.
Antibacterial and Cytotoxic New Napyradiomycins from the Marine-Derived Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 10428
Authors: Wu Zhengchao , Li Sumei , Li Jie , Chen Yuchan , Saurav Kumar , Zhang Qingbo , Zhang Haibo , Zhang Wenjun , Zhang Weimin , Zhang Si , Zhang Changsheng
Published: June 2013

Three new napyradiomycins (1–3) were isolated from the culture broth of a marine-derived actinomycete strain SCSIO 10428, together with six known related analogues napyradiomycin A1 (4), 18-oxonapyradiomycin A1 (5), napyradiomycin B1 (6), napyradiomycin B3 (7), naphthomevalin (8), and napyradiomycin SR (9). The strain SCSIO 10428 was identified as a Streptomyces species by the sequence analysis of its 16S rRNA gene. The structures of new compounds 1–3, designated 4-dehydro-4a-dechlorona pyradiomycin A1 (1), 3-dechloro-3-bromonapyradiomycin A1 (2), and 3-chloro-6, 8-dihydroxy-8-α-lapachone (3), respectively, were elucidated by comparing their 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data with known congeners. None of the napyradiomycins 1–9 showed antioxidative activities. Napyradiomycins 1–8 displayed antibacterial activities against three Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus and Bacillus strains with MIC values ranging from 0.25 to 32 μg mL−1, with the exception that compound 3 had a MIC value of above 128 μg mL−1 against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. Napyradiomycins 2, 4, 6, and 7 exhibited moderate cytotoxicities against four human cancer cell lines SF-268, MCF-7, NCI-H460, and HepG-2 with IC50 values below 20 μM, while the IC50 values for other five napyradiomycins 1, 3, 5, 8 and 9 were above 20 μM.
Uncertainty of Forest Biomass Estimates in North Temperate Forests Due to Allometry: Implications for Remote Sensing
Authors: Ahmed Razi , Siqueira Paul , Hensley Scott , Bergen Kathleen
Published: June 2013

Estimates of above ground biomass density in forests are crucial for refining global climate models and understanding climate change. Although data from field studies can be aggregated to estimate carbon stocks on global scales, the sparsity of such field data, temporal heterogeneity and methodological variations introduce large errors. Remote sensing measurements from spaceborne sensors are a realistic alternative for global carbon accounting; however, the uncertainty of such measurements is not well known and remains an active area of research. This article describes an effort to collect field data at the Harvard and Howland Forest sites, set in the temperate forests of the Northeastern United States in an attempt to establish ground truth forest biomass for calibration of remote sensing measurements. We present an assessment of the quality of ground truth biomass estimates derived from three different sets of diameter-based allometric equations over the Harvard and Howland Forests to establish the contribution of errors in ground truth data to the error in biomass estimates from remote sensing measurements.
Acrostiches numériques chez Théocrite
Authors: Meillier Claude
Published: June 2013

En plus de l'acrostiche lexical, déjà attesté à l'époque hellénistique, il faut signaler l'utilisation par le poète Théocrite de l'acrostiche numérique, dont le premier témoignage jusqu'alors connu est tardif. Théocrite utilise la valeur ordinale des lettres, et non leur valeur isopséphique, selon les principes de l'arithmétique antique (nombres triangles, etc.), de même qu'il recourt au nombre dans l'organisation de ses poèmes bucoliques. Des acrostiches numériques sont relevés dans l'idylle XII ainsi que dans le recueil bucolique, idylles III, IX et XI.
Διασκευαί : le théâtre grec sous l'Empire (Dion de Pruse, XXXII, 94)
Authors: Veyne Paul
Published: June 2013

Sous l'Empire, on représentait sur les scènes grecques et latines des remakes de comédies classiques, mises faussement sous le nom de l'écrivain classique qui avait écrit l'œuvre originale. Cela explique le Querolus et aussi les mentions de διασκευάι chez Athénée, les lexicographes byzantins et les scholies d'Aristophane.
Le développement professionnel perçu des animateurs d'un dispositif d'insertion en lycée agricole
Authors: Aussel Lucie
Published: June 2013

Nous nous proposons d’appréhender le développement professionnel perçu d’employés d’une association spécialiste du recrutement et de l’insertion des cadres et techniciens du secteur agricole dans une situation innovante de travail. Ces professionnels ont été sollicités pour mettre en place une expérimentation sociale, une formation à destination d’étudiants inscrits en brevet de technicien supérieur agricole. La mise en place de cette expérimentation a entraîné une normalisation des pratiques modifiant le « travailler ensemble ». Des pratiques de type collaboratif ont émergé, les échanges entre les travailleurs ont augmenté. Dans ce contexte particulier de rupture de la routine professionnelle, nous questionnons la capacité d’adaptation de ces travailleurs. Quels effets ces changements provoquent-ils sur leur développement professionnel perçu ? Nous avons ciblé la compétence comme indicateur de développement professionnel de ces travailleurs. De plus, nous avons choisi de faire passer des entretiens d’autoconfrontation à ces professionnels. L’analyse de ces entretiens a permis de mettre au jour l’apparition de nouvelles compétences.
Herder, Kollár, and the Origins of Slavic Ethnography
Authors: Maxwell Alexsander
Published: June 2013

Philosophy of Johann Gottfried von Herder thoroughly informed ideas of a poet Ján Kollár. Nevertheless, Kollár was more than merely a conduit for transmitting Herder’s ideas: he selected, interpreted and transformed Herder’s philosophy in the service of his literary Pan-Slavism.
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Filozofija Johanna Gottfrieda von Herderja je močno zaznamovala zamisli pesnika Jána Kollárja. Kljub temu pa Kollár ni bil zgolj “odvod” za prenos Herderjevih idej, saj je njegovo filozofsko razmišljanje izbral, interpretiral in preoblikoval ter tako postavil temelje lastnega literarnega panslavizma.