bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance changes due to differences among annotating radiologists for training data in computerized lesion detection
Authors: Nomura Yukihiro , Hanaoka Shouhei , Hayashi Naoto , Yoshikawa Takeharu , Koshino Saori , Sato Chiaki , Tatsuta Momoko , Tanaka Yuya , Kano Shintaro , Nakaya Moto , Inui Shohei , Kusakabe Masashi , Nakao Takahiro , Miki Soichiro , Watadani Takeyuki , Nakaoka Ryusuke , Shimizu Akinobu , Abe Osamu
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The quality and bias of annotations by annotators (e.g., radiologists) affect the performance changes in computer-aided detection (CAD) software using machine learning. We hypothesized that the difference in the years of experience in image interpretation among radiologists contributes to annotation variability. In this study, we focused on how the performance of CAD software changes with retraining by incorporating cases annotated by radiologists with varying experience.

Methods

We used two types of CAD software for lung nodule detection in chest computed tomography images and cerebral aneurysm detection in magnetic resonance angiography images. Twelve radiologists with different years of experience independently annotated the lesions, and the performance changes were investigated by repeating the retraining of the CAD software twice, with the addition of cases annotated by each radiologist. Additionally, we investigated the effects of retraining using integrated annotations from multiple radiologists.

Results

The performance of the CAD software after retraining differed among annotating radiologists. In some cases, the performance was degraded compared to that of the initial software. Retraining using integrated annotations showed different performance trends depending on the target CAD software, notably in cerebral aneurysm detection, where the performance decreased compared to using annotations from a single radiologist.

Conclusions

Although the performance of the CAD software after retraining varied among the annotating radiologists, no direct correlation with their experience was found. The performance trends differed according to the type of CAD software used when integrated annotations from multiple radiologists were used.
Genderspezifische Unterschiede depressiver Symptome von Studienanfänger*innen während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Grohne Pauline , Wenig Vanessa , Pischke Claudia R , Matos Fialho Paula M , Negash Sarah , Niephaus Yasemin , Helmer Stefanie M , Heumann Eileen
Published: April 2024

Hintergrund

Unter Studierenden sind depressive Symptome weit verbreitet, wobei weibliche Studierende häufiger davon betroffen sind als männliche. Vorherige Forschung zeigt einen Anstieg der Prävalenz depressiver Symptome in den ersten Semestern. Die COVID-19-Pandemie („coronavirus disease 2019“) könnte diesen Trend verschärft haben. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht deshalb, ob genderspezifische Unterschiede in der depressiven Symptomatik von Studienanfänger*innen während der COVID-19-Pandemie fortbestehen und ob ein Unterschied in der depressiven Symptomatik von Studienanfänger*innen und fortgeschrittenen Studierenden vorliegt.

Methode

Die depressive Symptomatik von Studienanfänger*innen und fortgeschrittenen Studierenden wurde mithilfe des PHQ-2 (Patient Health Questionnaire‑2) ermittelt sowie untersucht, ob ein genderspezifischer Unterschied vorliegt.

Ergebnisse

Depressive Symptome wiesen 30 % der Studienanfänger*innen auf. Die Prävalenz war mit 32 % bei weiblichen Studienanfängerinnen höher als bei ihren männlichen Kommilitonen (25 %). Es zeigen sich weder genderspezifische Unterschiede bei Studienanfänger*innen noch (genderspezifische) Unterschiede zwischen Studienanfänger*innen und fortgeschrittenen Studierenden.

Schlussfolgerung

Studierende berichteten häufig depressive Symptome, ein genderspezifischer Unterschied zeigte sich aber nicht. Sowohl bei männlichen als auch bei weiblichen Studierenden unterschied sich die Prävalenz nicht zwischen Anfangs- und fortgeschrittener Studienzeit. Frühzeitige Interventionen in der Studieneingangsphase und die Anpassung von Studienbedingungen sind in Anbetracht der hohen Prävalenz für die psychische Gesundheit Studierender wichtig.
Digitale Gesundheitskompetenz von Personen mit und ohne Migrationserfahrung – Ein Vergleich von zwei Querschnittbefragungen
Authors: Schaeffer Doris , Klinger Julia , Berens Eva-Maria
Published: April 2024

Ziel

Die Kompetenz, mit digitalen Gesundheitsinformationen umgehen zu können, gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Bisherige Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die digitale Gesundheitskompetenz (DGK) in Deutschland gering ausgeprägt ist, sich stark nach sozialen Merkmalen unterscheidet und auch Migrationserfahrung (ME) ein relevanter Aspekt sein könnte. Ziel des Beitrags ist daher, die DGK von Menschen ohne und mit eigener und elterlicher ME zu vergleichen.

Methodik

Im Artikel werden Daten aus zwei im Spätsommer 2020 durchgeführten Querschnittstudien von volljährigen Befragten ohne (n = 445), mit eigener (n = 770) und elterlicher (n = 257) ME, jeweils mit Herkunft aus der Türkei und Ländern der ehemaligen Sowjetunion, deskriptiv und multivariat analysiert. Die DGK wird mit dem HLS19-DIGI erfasst. Zudem werden Alter, Geschlecht, Bildungsniveau, Sozialstatus, finanzielle Deprivation sowie die Häufigkeit der Nutzung digitaler gesundheitsbezogener Informationsangebote berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse

Befragte mit elterlicher ME verfügen sowohl deskriptiv als auch adjustiert über eine höhere DGK als Befragte mit eigener ME und ohne ME. Deren DGK unterscheidet sich im Mittel wiederum kaum. Befragte mit eigener ME weisen in einigen Teilgruppen zudem eine höhere DGK auf als Befragte ohne ME. Die DGK ist bei geringerer Nutzung digitaler Informationsangebote durchweg niedriger. Doch insgesamt gesehen ist die DGK eher gering ausgeprägt und im hohen Alter besonders gering.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Ergebnisse revidieren und differenzieren das Bild älterer Erhebungen, nach denen Menschen mit ME im Vergleich zu Personen ohne ME insgesamt eine geringere (digitale) Gesundheitskompetenz aufweisen. Speziell Personen mit elterlicher ME verfügen über Ressourcen, die ihnen den Umgang mit digitaler Gesundheitsinformation erleichtern.
Intensionen und Intentionen von Curricula: Die Entwicklung von Domänenmodellen als Voraussetzungen für die Operationalisierung von Lehrplänen in geringstrukturierten Domänen am Beispiel der ökonomischen Bildung
Authors: Fortunati Fabio , Winther Esther
Published: April 2024

Die Entwicklung ökonomischer Kompetenz stellt einen wichtigen Baustein für die Beteiligung des Individuums am gesellschaftlichen Leben dar. Die bisherigen höchst heterogenen schulischen Lerngelegenheiten sind von fachwissenschaftlich und fachdidaktisch diversen und teils auch kontroversen Konzeptionen und Modellen geprägt. Es fehlt an anerkannten gemeinsamen, übergeordneten Vergleichspunkten zur Analyse curricularer Inhalte für die Messung ökonomischer Kompetenzen sowie der Fort- und Weiterentwicklung von Lehrplänen. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es zu zeigen, wie mithilfe von Domänenmodellen in Domänen ohne übergeordnete Vergleichspunkte, wie erlassene Bildungsstandards, Referenzpunkte geschaffen werden können, um Lehrpläne unterschiedlicher Bundesländer analysieren zu können. Domänenmodelle können so genutzt werden, um inhalts- und kognitionsbezogene Ziele der intendierten Curricula präziser zu beschreiben. Dies ermöglicht die Operationalisierung von Kompetenzzielen für die instruktionale Umsetzung in Schule und Unterricht. Auf Grundlage eines Modells der wirtschaftlichen Domäne wurde ein deduktives Kategoriensystem entwickelt, um Lehrpläne der ökonomischen Bildung aus zehn verschiedenen Bundesländern (N = 31) komparativ zu analysieren. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse deuten auf eine hinreichende Repräsentanz des postulierten Domänenmodells in den Curricula der ökonomischen Bildung hin. Darüber hinaus können inhalts- wie kognitionsbezogene Unterschiede zwischen den Schulformen festgestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse können als Ausgangspunkt für die Entwicklung von Kohärenz der instruktionalen Aktivitäten im Wirtschaftsunterricht dienen und wertvolle Hinweise auf ein tiefergehendes Verstehen der curricularen Intentionen und Intensionen für die Unterrichtspraxis geben.
Some promising medicinal plants used in Alzheimer’s disease: an ethnopharmacological perspective
Authors: Bordoloi Smita , Pathak Kalyani , Devi Mary , Saikia Riya , Das Jyotirmoy , Kashyap Vikrant Hari , Das Dibyajyoti , Ahmad Mohammad Zaki , Abdel-Wahab Basel A.
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily associated with aging. This devastating condition is characterized by significant memory loss, abnormal behavior, personality shifts, and a decline in cognitive function. Despite extensive research, no cure for Alzheimer’s disease currently exists, and available treatment options have shown limited effectiveness. Developing therapeutic interventions to slow down or prevent the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease is crucial to address the growing burden of this condition. Ayurvedic medicinal herbs have emerged as a promising avenue for drug research, with numerous compounds derived from these herbs currently undergoing clinical trials. Scientific studies have explored the potential application of various Ayurvedic medicinal plants and their derivatives in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Although the precise mechanisms of action remain largely unknown, extensive phytochemical investigations have identified a wide range of beneficial compounds within these plants. These compounds include lignans, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, triterpenes, sterols, and alkaloids, each exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities. These activities encompass anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloidogenic, anticholinesterase, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects. This review highlights the phytochemistry and ethnomedicinal applications of various plants, along with their bioactive compounds. It underscores the potential of Ayurveda, one of the world’s oldest holistic healing systems, in identifying effective therapeutic interventions for neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease. The promising pharmacological activities of Ayurvedic medicinal herbs and their constituents suggest their potential as novel treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. These findings offer hope for addressing the challenges posed by this debilitating condition.

Graphical Abstract
Numerical and experimental analysis of 3D printer hot ends
Authors: Hutchinson Michael , O’Donohue Andrew , Eslami Babak , Fouladi Kamran
Published: April 2024

The design of the hot end plays a critical role in additive manufacturing, especially in material extrusion. Yet the melt flow behavior within the hot end assembly has not been explicitly presented regarding the hot end design. The present study intends to fill this knowledge gap by employing a two-phase approach to investigate the melt dynamics through three commercially available hot ends. The hot ends considered are E3D v6 Standard, v6 Gold, and Revo Six, which were chosen based on brand, design, and functionality. In Phase 1, an experimental apparatus was developed to assess the impact of feeding rate and extrusion temperature on the outlet temperature, outlet velocity, and under-extrusion percentage of extruded polymer. In Phase 2, the polymer flow through each hot end is explored utilizing a computational fluid dynamics model, which was validated using data obtained in Phase 1. It was determined that the filament feeding rate is the most influential parameter in polymer extrusion and that Revo Six’s symmetrical design affects the stability of extrusion. It was also revealed that the thermal evolution of the melted filament within the hot end assembly is directly affected by the length of the heating region and the polymer's material properties. The experimental and numerical procedures developed in this investigation can be useful to 3D printing users and manufacturers in selecting a hot end assembly based on application requirements.
On numerical realizations of Shannon’s sampling theorem
Authors: Kircheis Melanie , Potts Daniel , Tasche Manfred
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we discuss some numerical realizations of Shannon’s sampling theorem. First we show the poor convergence of classical Shannon sampling sums by presenting sharp upper and lower bounds on the norm of the Shannon sampling operator. In addition, it is known that in the presence of noise in the samples of a bandlimited function, the convergence of Shannon sampling series may even break down completely. To overcome these drawbacks, one can use oversampling and regularization with a convenient window function. Such a window function can be chosen either in frequency domain or in time domain. We especially put emphasis on the comparison of these two approaches in terms of error decay rates. It turns out that the best numerical results are obtained by oversampling and regularization in time domain using a$$\sinh $$sinh-type window function or a continuous Kaiser–Bessel window function, which results in an interpolating approximation with localized sampling. Several numerical experiments illustrate the theoretical results.
Fluid management and active fluid removal practices: a global survey of paediatric critical care physicians
Authors: Aramburo Angela , Raman Sainath , Silversides Jonathan A. , Schlapbach Luregn J. , Gibbons Kristen S. , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan ,   on behalf of the Australian, New Zealand Intensive Care Society Paediatric Study Group (ANZICS PSG), Pellegrini Breanna , George Shane , Balit Corrine , Oberender Felix , Erickson Simon , Flores Jenipher Chumbes , Charles Karina , Waak Michaela , Long Debbie , Butt Warwick , Delzoppo Carmel , Gelbart Ben , Masterson Kate , Millar Johnny , Ganeshalingam Anusha , Sherring Claire , Singh Puneet , Smith Vicky , Schults Jessica , Darvas Jennifer , Festa Marino ,   the United Kingdom Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group (PCCS-SG)
Published: April 2024

Aims

Fluid accumulation (FA) in critically ill children is associated with poor clinical outcomes. While conservative fluid management has been proposed, evidence to guide practice is scarce. We surveyed paediatric critical care (PCC) physicians worldwide regarding their perceptions of FA, active fluid removal (AFR) practices, safety parameters, and willingness to participate in a clinical trial on the topic.

Methods

Cross-sectional international electronic survey of PCC physicians, distributed through research networks worldwide.

Results

A total of 409 PCC physicians from 48 countries participated in the survey; 40% (164/409) cared for cardiac patients. The majority believed FA was a modifiable source of morbidity (88%, 359/407) and expressed support for a trial on conservative fluid management trial (94%, 383/407). Restriction of maintenance fluid was more commonly practiced (87%, 335/387) than resuscitation fluid (54%, 210/387), with variability observed among individuals and patient categories. AFR was widely practiced (93%, 361/387), yet significant differences existed in patient selection, timing, modality, and rate. The most common reported time for starting AFR was 48 h (49%, 172/384), with most respondents (92%, 355/385) comfortable doing so in the setting of catecholamine infusions. While most respondents would continue diuretics with mild electrolyte or acid–base disturbances, 52% (179/342) would withhold them in cases of mild hypotension.

Conclusions

Fluid accumulation remains a significant concern among paediatric intensivists. The observed practice variability underscores the challenges in establishing evidence-based guidelines. Our survey highlights an urgent need for randomized trials in this field and provides valuable insights to inform the design of such future studies.
Patients' perception of the duration of analgesia provided by intrathecal bupivacaine/morphine after laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lokin Joost L. C. , Savelkoul Claudia , van Eekeren Ramon R. J. P. , Koning Mark V.
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The addition of intrathecal morphine to general anesthesia for laparoscopic colorectal surgery is an effective method of providing analgesia. However, the analgesia duration of approximately 24 hours poses the risk of rebound pain on the second postoperative day. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the patients' perception on postoperative pain management using the International Pain Outcomes questionnaire on both the first and second postoperative day.

Methods

This prospective single-center cohort study was conducted between November 2020 and March 2021 and included forty patients. The primary outcome was a difference in postoperative pain on the first and second postoperative day. Secondary outcomes included opioid consumption, interference of pain with activities, side effects, and patients’ perception and satisfaction with pain treatment.

Results

The intensity of postoperative pain did not increase on the second postoperative day NRS [numeric rating scale] 5 (2–7 [0–10]) vs 5 (3–7 [1–10]), p=0.414), but the percentage of time spent in severe pain increased (20% (10-40 [0-90]) vs 30% (20-50 [0-80]), p=0.010). There was no difference in opioid consumption (6 mg (0–12) [0–42] vs 6 mg (0–12) [0–29], p=0.914). Pruritis (NRS 2 (0–6 [0–10]) vs 0 (0–3 [0–8]), p=0.001) and dizziness (NRS 2 (0–7 [0–10]) vs 0 (0–2 [0–9]), p=0.002) decreased on the second postoperative day. Patients reported high satisfaction during the first two days after surgery (NRS 8 (7–9) [0–10] vs 8 (7–9) [0–10], p=0.395).

Conclusion

Intrathecal morphine is a suitable analgesic modality in laparoscopic colorectal surgery within an enhanced recovery after surgery program, without causing important rebound pain. Pain scores, however, may be further reduced by adding non-opioid analgesics.
Aflatoxins in cattle concentrate feed and potential carry-over of aflatoxin B1 into milk in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Jonathan Sahan Sylivester , Nalumansi Irene , Birungi Grace
Published: April 2024

Aflatoxin contamination of animal feed threatens livestock production and can harm human health when aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is carried over as aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) into milk for human consumption; therefore, aflatoxins in cattle concentrate feeds sold in Dar es salaam, Tanzania were determined in this study. Aflatoxins in cattle concentrate feeds were determined using Enzyme-linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with a Fluorescent Detector (HPLC-FLD) and potential carry-over was determined using carry-over equations. Aflatoxins were found in 78% of the concentrate feed samples in the range LOD to 161.32 µg/kg. The mean total aflatoxins (TAFs) was 25.89 ± 3.3 µg/kg, higher than WHO/US-FDA limit of 20 µg/kg in feed although the difference was insignificant (P = 0.81). AFB1 mean was 18.87 ± 2.45 µg/kg and significantly exceeded the WHO/US-FDA limit of 5 µg/kg of AFB1 in dairy feed (P = 3.05 × 10–10). Aflatoxins B2, G1 and G2, were also detected ranging from ND – 75.06 µg/kg. The calculated AFM1 in milk was in the range 0.001 – 0.363 µg/L in low milkers, 0.002–0.666 µg/L in medium milkers and 0.002–0.806 µg/L in high milkers. Carry-over was estimated to range from 1.2 to 1.7%. This study revealed that concentrate feed sold in Dar es salaam was highly contaminated with aflatoxins; noteworthy aflatoxin B1 exceeded the WHO/US-FDA limit implying potential carry-over into milk which could expose milk consumers to aflatoxins, hence livestock feed chain participants need to be sensitized.
Interplay of scales during the spatial evolution of energy-containing motions in wall-bounded turbulent flows
Authors: Kannadasan Ezhilsabareesh , Atkinson Callum , Soria Julio
Published: April 2024

This article extends the previous investigation of the spatial evolution of energy-containing motions in wall-bounded turbulent flows (Kannadasan et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 955, 2023, R1) by examining their scale-interactions through spectral analysis based on the spanwise scale decomposition of turbulent kinetic energy and the Reynolds stress transport equation. The energy-containing motions located at the inflow of a turbulent channel flow are artificially removed and the interscale transport mechanisms involved in their spatial evolution are studied. This scale interaction analysis reveals the presence of a significant inverse transfer of streamwise Reynolds stress from the near-wall streaks to larger scales in the spatial evolution of energy-containing motions. This transfer is due to the spanwise variation of streamwise velocity fluctuations, represented by

$\partial u'/\partial z$

, which is the primary mechanism of streak instability. The analysis presented in this study also shows that the inverse cascade of spanwise energy may correspond to the regeneration of streamwise vortices in the process of reactivating the self-sustaining mechanism in the spatial evolution of energy-containing motions.
Estudio preliminar e identificación de un campamento de náufragos en el contexto de la Guerra del Brasil (1825-1828), Partido de Patagones, Buenos Aires
Authors: Ciarlo Nicolás C. , Castelli Ana , Rodríguez Saumell Joaquín , Landa Carlos G. , Dam Leonardo , Carabias Amor Diego , Brooks Alasdair , Coll Luis V. J. , Torres Rodrigo
Published: April 2024

La navegación, la tecnología naval, la vida a bordo y las actividades llevadas a cabo en barcos de época moderna y contemporánea han sido temas ampliamente estudiados dentro de la arqueología marítima y náutica. Sin embargo, el devenir de los náufragos sobrevivientes de accidentes y las correspondientes evidencias materiales en la costa, no fueron abordados en grado semejante. Las investigaciones muestran un desarrollo dispar, destacando los trabajos realizados en el Pacífico occidental. En Latinoamérica, esta problemática se encuentra aún apenas esbozada. El estudio arqueológico de campamentos de náufragos puede aportar información novedosa para conocer las relaciones humanas, interpersonales e intergrupales, en situaciones de crisis. En este artículo, presentamos los primeros resultados del análisis arqueológico-histórico de la materialidad asociada al sitio Faro Segunda Barranca 4, localizado en el Partido de Patagones, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. A partir de una discusión de las diferentes líneas de evidencia, identificamos los restos como un campamento de náufragos en el marco de la Guerra del Brasil o Guerra de Cisplatina (1825-1828).
Linear actions of on
Authors: Fowler Jim , Thatcher Courtney
Published: April 2024

For an odd prime

$p$

, we consider free actions of

$(\mathbb {Z}_{/{p}})^2$

on

$S^{2n-1}\times S^{2n-1}$

given by linear actions of

$(\mathbb {Z}_{/{p}})^2$

on

$\mathbb {R}^{4n}$

. Simple examples include a lens space cross a lens space, but

$k$

-invariant calculations show that other quotients exist. Using the tools of Postnikov towers and surgery theory, the quotients are classified up to homotopy by the

$k$

-invariants and up to homeomorphism by the Pontrjagin classes. We will present these results and demonstrate how to calculate the

$k$

-invariants and the Pontrjagin classes from the rotation numbers.
“To Use This Word … Would Be Absurd”: How the Brainwashing Label Threatened and Enabled the Troubled-Teen Industry
Authors: CHATFIELD MARK M.
Published: April 2024

From the early 1960s to the early 1990s, a range of concerns about “brainwashing” in youth reeducation programs obfuscated professional and political discourse, influencing key outcomes that shaped the development of the troubled-teen industry in the United States. The most significant historical developments related to this controversy involved three different youth programs. In response to accusations of “brainwashing,” program executives created elaborate counterarguments and public-relations campaigns. Instead of working to address inherent risks associated with therapeutic reeducation, the brainwashing label obscured the potential for harm and enabled an unethical teen program industry.
Foreign Workers in Czechoslovakia in 1945–1950
Authors: Dvořák Tomáš
Published: April 2024

Foreign workers were a common feature in the economy of postwar Czechoslovakia in various periods of the second half of the twentieth century. This article focuses on foreign labor practices during the first economic plans, namely the two-year plan and the first five-year plan between 1947 and 1950. The number of foreign workers at this time didn't exceed twenty thousand persons and their stays in the country were, with only individual exceptions, short. Workers, who found employment in Czechoslovak agriculture and industry in this period, came from different countries including neighboring Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania, but also from Italy. Recruitment of other groups such as workers from Hungary, the Netherlands, or even China is also considered by the article. These foreign laborers worked in Czechoslovakia under various conditions depending on their methods of recruitment and contracting, the duration of their employment, and other important factors. The basic question this article aims to answer is what the role of Gastarbeit was in Czechoslovakia's communist economic policy. It also examines the motivations of countries that sent workers as well as those of the workers themselves. Finally, the article also attempts to analyze the opportunities and limits of these workers’ strategies in the Czechoslovak labor market.
A finite-volume scheme for fractional diffusion on bounded domains
Authors: Bailo Rafael , Carrillo José A. , Fronzoni Stefano , Gómez-Castro David
Published: April 2024

We propose a new fractional Laplacian for bounded domains, expressed as a conservation law and thus particularly suited to finite-volume schemes. Our approach permits the direct prescription of no-flux boundary conditions. We first show the well-posedness theory for the fractional heat equation. We also develop a numerical scheme, which correctly captures the action of the fractional Laplacian and its anomalous diffusion effect. We benchmark numerical solutions for the Lévy–Fokker–Planck equation against known analytical solutions. We conclude by numerically exploring properties of these equations with respect to their stationary states and long-time asymptotics.
Familiäre Determinanten des Medienkonsums im ersten Lebensjahr und die Rolle von familienunterstützenden Angeboten
Authors: Then Sebastian , Wolf Katrin , Anders Yvonne
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung: Kindlicher Medienkonsum wird bezüglich seiner positiven und negativen Wirkungen diskutiert, dennoch sind digitale Medien Bestandteil der Lebenswelt von allen Kindern in den ersten Lebensjahren. In der vorliegenden Studie wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie häufig Säuglinge aus sozioökonomisch benachteiligten Familien im Alter von zwölf Monaten Kontakt mit Fernsehen und Smartphone haben und Mütter Medien zur Ablenkung ihrer Kinder einsetzen. Außerdem wird untersucht, inwiefern die Teilnahme an familienunterstützenden Angeboten mit der Mediennutzung in Zusammenhang steht. Im Rahmen des BRISE-Projekts wurden 300 Mütter befragt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass fast 50% der Säuglinge Kontakt mit Fernsehen und Smartphone haben und 40% der Mütter Medien zur Ablenkung einsetzen. In Familien mit niedrigem Einkommen kommt es häufiger vor, dass die Säuglinge in Kontakt mit Medien sind und durch ihre Mütter mit diesen abgelenkt werden. Mütter mit einem Migrationshintergrund der ersten Generation nutzen (digitale) Medien häufiger zur Ablenkung und gewähren häufiger den Kontakt zu Fernseher und Smartphone. Mütter mit einer höheren erziehungsbezogenen Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung verwenden Medien seltener zur Ablenkung ihrer Kinder. Familien, die an familienunterstützenden Programmen teilnehmen, nutzen seltener Medien, um ihre Säuglinge abzulenken. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf das Potenzial von familienunterstützenden Angeboten und die Notwendigkeit hin, dabei den Medienkonsum in der Familie umfassender zu thematisieren.
Psychodrama
Authors: Fávero Marisalva , Sousa Rita , Budal-Oliveira Luciana , Sousa-Gomes Valéria
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Sexual abuse is a phenomenon present in all social classes and cultures and has become more relevant in recent decades. Victims suffer traumatic consequences in the short and long terms and one of the possible approaches to be used in treatment is Psychodrama. This study presents an overview of Psychodrama and the Role Reversal technique, as well as its effectiveness, especially in the treatment of trauma, in particular, trauma resulting from sexual abuse. For this study, we searched the main international databases. We have discovered that psychodrama can serve as a highly effective intervention model for individuals who have experienced sexual abuse. However, our primary finding emphasizes the necessity for additional research regarding the efficacy of Psychodrama and its Role-reversal technique specifically for victims of sexual abuse.
New Insights Into Predictors of Antihypertensive	Adherence
Authors: Nikfarjam Mohammad Reza , Mohammadkhani Shahram , Moradi Ali Reza , Davarpasand Tahereh , Pearce Christina Joanne
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Background: Low adherence to treatment is the most common cause of uncontrolled hypertension. Evidence suggests that illness perceptions and the physician-patient relationship may have a combined effect on treatment adherence. Aims: We investigated the roles of illness perceptions and the physician-patient relationship in medication and lifestyle modification adherence, and explained them using patients’ experiences with essential hypertension.Method: In this mixed methods explanatory sequential study, we used questionnaires to assess illness perceptions, the physician-patient relationship, and adherence to medication and lifestyle modification guidance ( N = 112) in the first quantitative phase. Based on the results of regression analyses, the second qualitative phase was planned. We collected data from three patients through interviews, observations and journals, and conducted within-case and cross-case analyses. Finally, we integrated quantitative and qualitative findings. Results: The physician-patient relationship was an independent predictor of medication adherence (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29 to 5.89), whereas both illness perceptions (95% CI: −0.32 to −0.04) and the physician-patient relationship (95% CI: 1.05 to 9.48) were independent predictors of adherence to lifestyle modification guidance. Qualitative themes, reflecting the patient’s experience of the concepts explored in this study, explained the quantitative results. Mixing methods revealed high consistency between quantitative and qualitative findings. Limitations: Limitations are the inability to infer causal associations among variables and indirect measurement of medication adherence. Conclusion: Shared decision-making on antihypertensive medications promotes medication adherence. Specifically, the illness perception, perceived illness controllability, and non-judgemental patients’ acceptance within a satisfying physician-patient relationship empower patients to adhere to lifestyle modification guidance.
Methane Emissions from the Oil and Gas Industry Are Triple Current Estimates
Authors: Scharping Nathaniel
Published: April 2024

A new study using aerial data reveals that fossil fuel extraction and processing are responsible for far more methane than previously believed.
Northern Permafrost Region Emits More Greenhouse Gases Than It Captures
Authors: Sidik Saima
Published: April 2024

Permafrost underlies a quarter of the Northern Hemisphere. A comprehensive analysis shows that the area may have shifted from a sink to a source of greenhouse gases, bringing a longtime prediction to fruition.
Clinicopathological characteristics and eligibility for adjuvant olaparib of germline BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with HER2-negative early breast cancer
Authors: Morganti Stefania , Jin Qingchun , Vincuilla Julie , Buehler Ryan , Ryan Sean , Stokes Samantha , Parker Tonia , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , King Tari A. , Weiss Anna , Partridge Ann H. , Bychkovsky Brittany L. , Curigliano Giuseppe , Tayob Nabihah , Lin Nancy U. , Garber Judy E. , Tolaney Sara M. , Lynce Filipa
Published: April 2024

Following the survival benefit demonstrated in the OlympiA trial, one year of adjuvant olaparib is now recommended for all patients with germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PV) and high-risk, HER2-negative early breast cancer after chemotherapy. However, optimal identification of high-risk patients who may derive benefit from this genomically-directed therapy is debated. In this study, we sought to characterize the real-world proportion of gBRCA1/2 PV carriers eligible for adjuvant olaparib according to the OlympiA criteria, and to compare clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes between eligible and ineligible patients.
Extraction of high quality and high yield RNA from frozen EDTA blood
Authors: Nguyen Long T. , Pollock Carol A. , Saad Sonia
Published: April 2024

Peripheral blood RNA profiling, which can reveal systemic changes in gene expression and immune responses to disease onset and progression, is a powerful tool for diagnosis and biomarker discovery. This technique usually requires high quality RNA, which is only obtainable from fresh blood, or frozen blood that has been collected in special RNA-stabilisation systems. The current study aimed to develop a novel protocol to extract high quality RNA from frozen blood that had been collected in the conventional EDTA tubes. We determined that thawing EDTA blood in the presence of cell lysis/RNA stabilisation buffers (Paxgene or Nucleospin) significantly improved RNA quality (RIN) from below 5 to above 7, which to date has not been shown possible. The EDTA-Nucleospin protocol resulted in 5 times higher yield than the EDTA-Paxgene-PreAnalytix method. The average RIN and mRNA expression levels of five different genes including 18 s, ACTB, MCP1, TNFa and TXNIP using this protocol were also indifferent to those from Paxgene blood, suggesting similar RNA quality and blood transcriptome. Moreover, the protocol allows DNA to be extracted simultaneously. In conclusion, we have developed a practical and efficient protocol to extract high quality, high yield RNA from frozen EDTA blood.
Enhanced YOLO v3 for precise detection of apparent damage on bridges amidst complex backgrounds
Authors: Su Huifeng , Kamanda David Bonfils , Han Tao , Guo Cheng , Li Rongzhao , Liu Zhilei , Su Fengzhao , Shang Liuhong
Published: April 2024

A bridge disease identification approach based on an enhanced YOLO v3 algorithm is suggested to increase the accuracy of apparent disease detection of concrete bridges under complex backgrounds. First, the YOLO v3 network structure is enhanced to better accommodate the dense distribution and large variation of disease scale characteristics, and the detection layer incorporates the squeeze and excitation (SE) networks attention mechanism module and spatial pyramid pooling module to strengthen the semantic feature extraction ability. Secondly, CIoU with better localization ability is selected as the loss function for training. Finally, the K-means algorithm is used for anchor frame clustering on the bridge surface disease defects dataset. 1363 datasets containing exposed reinforcement, spalling, and water erosion damage of bridges are produced, and network training is done after manual labelling and data improvement in order to test the efficacy of the algorithm described in this paper. According to the trial results, the YOLO v3 model has enhanced more than the original model in terms of precision rate, recall rate, Average Precision (AP), and other indicators. Its overall mean Average Precision (mAP) value has also grown by 5.5%. With the RTX2080Ti graphics card, the detection frame rate increases to 84 Frames Per Second, enabling more precise and real-time bridge illness detection.
Some properties of subclass of multivalent functions associated with a generalized differential operator
Authors: Byeon Haewon , Balamurugan Manivannan , Stalin T. , Govindan Vediyappan , Ahmad Junaid , Emam Walid
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the new subclass $$\mathcal {S}^n_{b,\lambda ,\delta ,p} ({\alpha })$$

S

b
,
λ
,
δ
,
p

n

(
α
)

of a linear differential operator’s $$\mathcal {N}_{\lambda ,\delta ,p}^{n}f(\zeta )$$

N

λ
,
δ
,
p

n

f

(
ζ
)

associated with multivalent analytical function has been introduced. Further, the coefficient inequalities, extreme points for the extremal function, sharpness of the growth and distortion bounds, partial sums, starlikeness, and convexity of the subclass is investigated.
A green approach for metoclopramide quantification in pharmaceutical products: new HPLC and spectrophotometric methods
Authors: Demir İbrahim , Bulduk İbrahim , Darwısh Ibrahim A. , Enginar Hüseyin
Published: April 2024

Green spectrophotometric and HPLC methods have been developed for the quantification of metoclopramide. In the spectrophotometric method, it was determined by direct absorbance measurement at 273 nm wavelength using ultrapure water as solvent. The Extend C18 column was used for the HPLC method. The mobile phase system consisted of a combination of ethanol and formic acid solution (pH 2.0; 30:70 v/v). Isocratic elution was applied and the flow rate was set at 1.0 mL min−1. Metoclopramide was detected at 273 nm. The methods performed were economical, rapid, environmentally friendly, and simple, providing metoclopramide analysis within 5 min. The methods have been successfully applied in pharmaceutical products without matrix interference. The results of the application of the developed methods to pharmaceutical products were statistically compared and no significant difference was observed between the methods. In addition, the greenness assessment of the developed methods was performed using AGREE software. Our developed methods, based on the use of solvents such as ethanol and water, are proposed as a more environmentally and analyst-friendly option for the quantification of metoclopramide in pharmaceutical products than other methods currently in use.
Effects of high-gravity acceleration forces and anti-gravity maneuver on the cardiac function of fighter pilots
Authors: Soh Moon-Seung , Jang Jae-Hyuk , Park Jin-Sun , Shin Joon-Han
Published: April 2024

The fighter pilots exposed to high gravitational (G) acceleration must perform anti-G maneuvers similar to the Valsalva maneuver. However, the effects of high-G acceleration and anti-G maneuvers on cardiac function have rarely been studied. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-G forces on cardiac function of fighter pilots. Fighter pilots who underwent regular health check-ups and echocardiography were included (n = 29; 100% men, 41 ± 10 years old; mean flight time, 1821 ± 1186 h). Trainees who had not experienced any flights were included in the control group (n = 16; 100% men, 36 ± 17 years old). Echocardiographic data included left ventricular chamber size, systolic and diastolic functions, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), inferior vena cava (IVC) collapsibility, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). No significant differences in left ventricular ejection fraction, RVSP, or IVC collapsibility were observed between two groups. In the multivariate linear regression analysis with total flight time as an independent continuous variable for fighter pilots, TAPSE was positively correlated with total flight time. The experience of fighter pilots who were exposed to high-G acceleration forces and anti-G maneuvers did not cause cardiac structural changes, but the exposure might be associated with right heart function changes.
Dimerized Hofstadter model in two-leg ladder quasi-crystals
Authors: Aghtouman Sara , Hosseini Mir Vahid
Published: April 2024

We theoretically study topological features, band structure, and localization properties of a dimerized two-leg ladder with an oscillating on-site potential. The periodicity of the on-site potential can take either rational or irrational values. We consider two types of dimerized configurations; symmetric and asymmetric models. For rational values of the periodicity as long as inversion symmetry is preserved both symmetric and asymmetric ladders can host topological phases. Additionally, the energy spectrum of the models exhibits a fractal structure known as the Hofstadter butterfly spectrum, dependent on the dimerization of the hopping and the strength of the on-site potential. In the case of irrational values for the periodicity, a metal-insulator phase transition occurs with small values of the critical strength of the on-site potential in the dimerized cases. Our models incorporate the effects of lattice configuration and quasi-periodicity, paving the way for establishing platforms that host both topological and non-topological phase transitions.
Divergence in regulatory mechanisms of GR-RBP genes in different plants under abiotic stress
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Mo Yujian , Li Junyi , Liu Li , Gao Yanhu , Zhang Yueqin , Huang Yongxiang , Ren Lei , Zhu Hongbo , Jiang Xingyu , Ling Yu
Published: April 2024

The IVa subfamily of glycine-rich proteins (GRPs) comprises a group of glycine-rich RNA binding proteins referred to as GR-RBPa here. Previous studies have demonstrated functions of GR-RBPa proteins in regulating stress response in plants. However, the mechanisms responsible for the differential regulatory functions of GR-RBPa proteins in different plant species have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified and comprehensively studied a total of 34 GR-RBPa proteins from five plant species. Our analysis revealed that GR-RBPa proteins were further classified into two branches, with proteins in branch I being relatively more conserved than those in branch II. When subjected to identical stresses, these genes exhibited intensive and differential expression regulation in different plant species, corresponding to the enrichment of cis-acting regulatory elements involving in environmental and internal signaling in these genes. Unexpectedly, all GR-RBPa genes in branch I underwent intensive alternative splicing (AS) regulation, while almost all genes in branch II were only constitutively spliced, despite having more introns. This study highlights the complex and divergent regulations of a group of conserved RNA binding proteins in different plants when exposed to identical stress conditions. These species-specific regulations may have implications for stress responses and adaptations in different plant species.
Safety and efficacy of the novel Alpha stent for the treatment of intracranial wide-necked aneurysm
Authors: Kim Junhyung , Kim Jung-Jae , Kim Seung Won , Choi Jinyoung , Kim Hanki , Kim Jinwoo , Chung Joonho
Published: April 2024

The Alpha stent is an intracranial closed-cell stent with a unique mesh design to enhance wall apposition. It recently underwent structural modifications to facilitate easier stent deployment. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stent-assisted coil embolization for unruptured intracranial aneurysms using the Alpha stent. Between January 2021 and November 2021, 35 adult patients with 35 unruptured intracranial aneurysms in the distal internal carotid artery were prospectively enrolled. For efficacy outcomes, magnetic resonance angiography at the 6-month follow-up was evaluated using the Raymond-Roy occlusion classification (RROC). The safety outcome evaluated the occurrence of symptomatic procedure-related neurological complications up to 6 months postoperatively. Technical success was achieved in 34/35 (97.1%). Six months postoperatively, aneurysm occlusion showed RROC I in 32/35 (91.4%) and RROC II in 3/35 (8.6%) patients. Procedure-related neurologic complications occurred in one patient (2.9%) who experienced hemiparesis due to acute lacunar infarction, which resulted in a 6-month mRS score of 1. The Alpha stent demonstrated excellent efficacy and safety outcomes in stent-assisted coil embolization of unruptured distal ICA aneurysms. The recent structural modifications allowed for easier stent delivery and deployment.

Clinical trial registration number: KCT0005841; registration date: 28/01/2021.
The incidence and predictors of antibiotic-associated encephalopathy: a multicenter hospital-based study
Authors: Kim Jean Hee , Kim Taewon , Kim Woojun , Kim Seong-Hoon , Hong Yun Jeong , Lim Eunyae , Bae Dae Woong , Noh Sang-Mi , Lee Jieun
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and likelihood of antibiotic-associated encephalopathy (AAE), comparing rates among the classes of antibiotics in monotherapy or in combination therapy. We also investigated the associations between the incidence of AAE and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and electroencephalogram features. Consecutive admissions that used any kind of antibiotics to treat infectious diseases were identified from six hospitals. We classified antibiotics according to three distinct pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical subtypes. We searched for the incidence of AAE as the primary outcome. A total of 97,433 admission cases among 56,038 patients was identified. Cases that received type 1 antibiotics had significantly more frequent AAE compared to those that received type 2 antibiotics (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–5.95; P = 0.021). Combined use of type 1 + 2 antibiotics was associated with a significantly higher incidence of AAE compared to the use of type 2 antibiotics alone (adjusted OR, 3.44; 95% CI 1.49–7.93; P = 0.004). Groups with GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 had significantly higher incidence rates of AAE compared to those with GFRs ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 among cases that received type 1 + 2 antibiotics. Detection of spike-and-wave or sharp-and-wave patterns on electroencephalogram was significantly more common in the combination therapy group. Combination use of antibiotics was associated with a higher incidence of AAE compared to monotherapy. The incidence of AAE significantly increased as renal function decreased, and epileptiform discharges were more likely to be detected in cases receiving combined antibiotics.
Synthesis of goldene comprising single-atom layer gold
Authors: Kashiwaya Shun , Shi Yuchen , Lu Jun , Sangiovanni Davide G. , Greczynski Grzegorz , Magnuson Martin , Andersson Mike , Rosen Johanna , Hultman Lars
Published: April 2024

The synthesis of monolayer gold has so far been limited to free-standing several-atoms-thick layers, or monolayers confined on or inside templates. Here we report the exfoliation of single-atom-thick gold achieved through wet-chemically etching away Ti3C2 from nanolaminated Ti3AuC2, initially formed by substituting Si in Ti3SiC2 with Au. Ti3SiC2 is a renown MAX phase, where M is a transition metal, A is a group A element, and X is C or N. Our developed synthetic route is by a facile, scalable and hydrofluoric acid-free method. The two-dimensional layers are termed goldene. Goldene layers with roughly 9% lattice contraction compared to bulk gold are observed by electron microscopy. While ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that two-dimensional goldene is inherently stable, experiments show some curling and agglomeration, which can be mitigated by surfactants. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals an Au 4f binding energy increase of 0.88 eV. Prospects for preparing goldene from other non-van der Waals Au-intercalated phases, including developing etching schemes, are presented.
Overcoming copper-induced conversion reactions in nickel disulphide anodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Sadan Milan K. , Kim Taehong , Haridas Anupriya K. , Yu Hooam , Cumming Denis , Ahn Jou-Hyeon , Ahn Hyo-Jun
Published: April 2024

The copper current collector induces side reaction with metal sulphide due to copper sulphide formation while cycling. The carbon-coated aluminium foil was an ideal current collector in terms of inertness to metal sulphide anodes and low resistivity.
Fiber-optic thin film chemical sensor of 2,4 dinitro-1-chlorobenzene and carbon quantum dots for the point-of-care detection of hydrazine in water samples
Authors: Vyas Tanmay , Kumar Hritik , Nagpure Gunjan , Joshi Abhijeet
Published: April 2024

The development of DNCB-CQD thin film-based chemical sensors for the rapid and specific detection of hydrazine in various water resources.