bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and the Role of Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Sandoval-Bórquez Alejandra , Carrión Pablo , Hernández María Paz , Pérez Jorge A , Tapia-Castillo Alejandra , Vecchiola Andrea , Fardella Carlos E , Carvajal Cristian A
Published: June 2024

Obesity is a major public health issue that is associated with metabolic diseases including diabetes mellitus type 2 and metabolic syndrome. This pathology leads to detrimental cardiovascular health and secondary effects, such as lipotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been highlighted as novel players participating in human physiology and pathophysiology. In obesity, adipose tissue is related to the active shedding of adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (AdEVs). The current review explores and highlights the role of AdEVs and their cargo in obesity and metabolic syndrome. AdEVs are proposed to play an important role in obesity and its comorbidities. AdEVs are biological nanoparticles mainly shed by visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, acting in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and also carrying different cargo biomolecules, such as RNA, microRNA (miRNA), proteins, and lipids, among others. RNA and miRNA have local and systemic effects affecting gene expression in target cell types via paracrine and endocrine actions. State of the art analyses identified some miRNAs, such as miR-222, miR-23b, miR-4429, miR-148b, and miR-4269, that could potentially affect cell pathways involved in obesity-related comorbidities, such as chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Similarly, AdEVs-proteins (RBP4, perilipin-A, FABP, mimecan, TGFBI) and AdEVs-lipids (sphingolipids) have been linked to the obesity pathophysiology. The current knowledge about AdEVs along with further research would support and reveal novel pathways, potential biomarkers, and therapeutic options in obesity.
Lu Xun’s Heteromodal Realism
Authors: Cai Keru
Published: June 2024

This article posits modern Chinese realism as heteromodal, capable of encompassing many modes of narration from a plurality of literary movements. Heteromodality results from the heterochronic Chinese importation of Western literary history, the simultaneous reception of what were originally successive historical periods. The fountainhead of heteromodal Chinese realism is Lu Xun’s 1918 “Diary of a Madman,” one of the first modern vernacular Chinese short stories. Though Lu Xun has long been considered a foundational writer of realism in China, critics have complicated this designation by pointing out his modernist or symbolist proclivities. This article redefines Lu Xun’s realism by enlarging the scope of inquiry beyond “Diary” itself to scrutinize its main Russian intertexts: Nikolai Gogol’s 1835 story “Diary of a Madman” and Leonid Andreev’s 1904 novella Red Laugh. Examining the elements that Lu Xun’s story cannibalizes from Russian intertexts, which have themselves defied straightforward categorizations such as realism, the article intervenes in long-standing discussions about the nature of realism in modern China and, more broadly, in recent conversations about peripheral realism.
Lessons Learned from Argentina's Struggles for Legal Abortion
Authors: Szwarc Lucila , Wood Tessa
Published: June 2024

This essay argues that abortion, as a practice and a political cause, challenges traditional and hegemonic health frameworks and contributes to the development of a feminist approach to health. The essay focuses on experiences and activism for legal abortion in contemporary Argentina, drawing some examples from other contexts. First, it argues that abortion reveals the extent to which health and sickness are entangled with symbolic and localized processes, including marked stigma, which influence the lived experience of health care. The essay analyzes how feminist activism in Argentina gradually changed these processes. Second, it contends that abortion as a health practice contributes to the deconstruction of traditional dichotomies between prevention and intervention and health and sickness, as well as to modifying hierarchical decision-making mechanisms. In the Argentine case, ensuring abortion access in public health institutions, with the help of activist professionals, allowed for the broadening of biomedical frameworks and a move toward more holistic approaches. Third, the essay analyzes how increasing access to medication abortion challenged monopolistic and exclusionary processes in the production and institutionalization of legitimate knowledge about health.
Performance Feminista
Authors: Draper Susana , Valdés Vargas Daffne , Cometa Stange Paula , Van Rysseghem Sibila Sotomayor
Published: June 2024

Abstracto

En esta entrevista, Colectivo LASTESIS reflexiona sobre la historia del colectivo y la comprensión de la performance feminista como una forma de expandir y hacer más accesibles diferentes teorías feministas. Enfatizando la centralidad del cuerpo, hablan sobre la relevancia de pasar las ideas por los cuerpos concretos, lo que implica la capacidad de buscar diferentes dimensiones de pensamiento y textualidad, como sonido, color y textura, así como también de conectar con todo un archivo que ha resistido siglos de colonialismo. En este sentido, ubican su obra dentro de una larga historia de performance, haciendo visible la continuidad entre múltiples archivos que problematizaron diferentes formas de colonialismo y opresión, haciendo legible diferentes formas creativas de resistencia.
What Masks Reveal
Authors: Dumont Martin
Published: June 2024

This essay attempts to discern which lessons the wearing of masks in a time of pandemics can offer to us: in terms of living as a sick or quasi-sick person, in terms of public health policies, and in terms of what faciality means for human life. It tries to do so through a clinical point of view, a view more concrete and materially grounded than a phenomenological one drawn from Levinas's philosophy of the face.
. . . . . . And the Dogs Were Silent
Authors: Césaire Aimé
Published: June 2024

. . . . . . And the Dogs Were Silent makes available, for the first time in English, Aimé Césaire’s original version of Et les chiens se taisaient, a historical drama based on the Haitian Revolution and Toussaint Louverture, composed during World War II, under the watchful eyes of Vichy censors in Martinique. The story unfolds in three acts, each exploring a different episode of the Haitian Revolution, from the early slave revolts in the North of the island to Toussaint’s imprisonment and Dessalines’s march to victory. A stunning meditation on Black revolution and liberatory violence, rife with Césaire’s entrancing poetry and theatrical verve, its action carries us through the forces of history and a hero’s unwavering journey of political and poetic freedom.
ETFs dominados
Authors: Chague Fernando , Luna Leonardo
Published: June 2024

Neste artigo, avaliamos a presença de Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) dominados na bolsa brasileira. ETFs dominados são fundos altamente correlacionados com outros ETFs, muitas vezes seguem o mesmo índice de referência, porém são menos líquidos e possuem custos administrativos superiores aos de seus similares. De janeiro de 2012 a junho de 2022, constatamos que os ETFs dominados representam, em média, 6,2% do patrimônio líquido, totalizando aproximadamente R$1,7 bilhão sob gestão. Nos últimos três anos da nossa amostra, esses fundos dominados representaram 20,4% do patrimônio líquido total e R$ 5,8 bilhões sob gestão. Apesar de geralmente serem considerados boas opções de investimento, o investidor deve estar atento, pois alguns ETFs são dominados por outros.
Pathogenic features and clinical characteristics of acute community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: Li Na , Yan Xixin , Lu Zhiwei , You Xiaonan , Yang Shengfen
Published: June 2024

Objective: To investigate the pathogen distribution and clinical characteristics of acute community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (CALRTIs).
Methods: This was a retrospective study. The clinical data of 218 patients with CALRTIs admitted to Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively collected and were divided into two groups according to the results of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) testing using a nasopharyngeal swab: streptococcus pneumoniae positive group(observation group) and non-streptococcus pneumoniae positive group(control group). Clinical symptoms, blood gas analysis indicators were compared between the two groups.
Results: Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as virus and atypical pathogen infection, were the predominant pathogenic bacteria in both groups. No statistically significant differences were observed in the positive rates of sputum smear, sputum culture, respiratory virus detection and atypical pathogen detection between the two groups(P>0.05). However, the control group had a higher detection rate of gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and Legionella pneumophila in sputum smears than the observation group, with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). One death occurred in each group, with no significant difference in mortality and six in each group left the hospital or were transferred due to deterioration, with no significant difference in improved discharge rates.
Conclusion: Acute community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections(CALRTIs) take bacteria, viruses and atypical pathogens as its leading pathogenic bacteria. In the treatment of patients with acute CALRTIs, early pathogenic examination should be performed to assist in guiding antibiotic therapy for rapid control, early recovery and ameliorated clinical outcomes.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.7.7899
How to cite this: Riaz A, Sughra U, Jawaid SA, Masood J. Measurement of Service Quality Gaps in Dental Services using SERVQUAL in Public Hospitals of Rawalpindi. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.7.7899
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A quick response data collection and management system for digital twin production line based on cloud-fog-edge computing collaboration
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Mei Xuesong , Zhang Dawei , Sun Zheng , Xu Jun
Published: June 2024

Background A production line is the basic unit of smart factories and smart manufacturing. However, owing to the development of the industrial Internet of Things, sensors, and other technologies, more data are being collected, leading to a data explosion, and the heterogeneous nature of multiple sources makes it difficult to manage data in a unified manner. Methods A production line data collection, storage, and management system based on cloud-fog-edge computing collaboration and a digital twin was designed. Multi-source heterogeneous data were collected and transmitted based on the OPC UA, and an information model of the production line was established. Modules for data mapping, publishing, and receiving were developed to achieve unified data collection and transmission. The data storage and management platform was constructed by front-end and back-end separation technologies. Results The developed data collection and management system was verified for functionality and performance on a digital twin production line. Functional tests show that the system has the functions of data acquisition and transmission, device addition and viewing, device data querying and downloading, data and model visualization, and user rights setting. The average time for edge data collection and transmission is 183.6ms. The average response time of the cloud for fog requests is less than 1s. This shows that the system can satisfy the real-time requirements of a digital twin production line. Conclusions The proposed system is real-time and stable, providing support for big data and virtual-reality interaction in digital twins.
Recognizing human activities using light-weight and effective machine learning methodologies
Authors: Varadhi Keerthi , Someswara Rao Chinta , Sirisha GNVG , katari Butchi Raju
Published: June 2024

Background Human activity recognition poses a complex challenge in predicting individuals’ movements from raw sensor data using machine learning models. This paper explores the application of six prominent machine learning techniques – decision tree, random forest, linear regression, Naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbor, and neural networks – to enhance the accuracy of human activity detection for e-health systems. Despite previous research efforts employing data mining and machine learning, there remains room for improvement in performance. The study focuses on predicting activities such as walking, standing, laying, sitting, walking upstairs, and walking downstairs. Methods The research employs six machine learning algorithms to recognize human activities, including decision tree, random forest, linear regression, Naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbor, and neural networks. Results Evaluation of the human activity recognition dataset reveals that the random forest classifier, CNN, GRN and neural network yield promising results, achieving high accuracy. However, Naïve Bayes falls short of satisfying outcomes. Conclusions The study successfully classifies activities like SITTING, STANDING, LAYING, WALKING, WALKING_DOWNSTAIRS, and WALKING_UPSTAIRS with a remarkable accuracy of 98%. The contribution lies in the thorough exploration of machine learning techniques, with neural networks emerging as the most effective in enhancing human activity recognition. The findings showcase the potential for advanced applications in e-health systems and beyond.
In silico screening for potential inhibitors from the phytocompounds of Carica papaya against Zika virus NS5 protein
Authors: Kumaree Kishore Krishna , Anthikapalli Naga Venkata Anusha , Prasansuklab Anchalee
Published: June 2024

Background The Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has emerged as a global health threat. The causal reasoning is that Zika infection is linked to the development of microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. With no clinically approved antiviral treatment for ZIKV, the need for the development of potential inhibitors against the virus is essential. In this study, we aimed to screen phytochemicals from papaya (Carica papaya L.) against NS5 protein domains of ZIKV. Methods Approximately 193 phytochemicals from an online database (IMPACT) were subjected to molecular docking using AutoDock Vina against the NS5-MTase protein domain (5WXB) and -RdRp domain (5U04). Results Our results showed that β-sitosterol, carpaine, violaxanthin, pseudocarpaine, Δ7-avenasterols, Rutin, and cis-β-carotene had the highest binding affinity to both protein domains, with β-sitosterol having the most favorable binding energy. Furthermore, ADMET analysis revealed that selected compounds had good pharmacokinetic properties and were nontoxic. Conclusions Our findings suggest that papaya-derived phytochemicals could be potential candidates for developing antiviral drugs against ZIKV. However, further experimental studies using cell lines and in vivo models are needed to validate their efficacy and safety.
Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for individuals with gambling disorder in Indonesia: protocol for a pilot and feasibility study
Authors: Siste Kristiana , Hanafi Enjeline , Murtani Belinda Julivia , Baigent Michael , Riley Ben J , Sessions Jayne , Sen Lee Thung , Christian Hans , Aryani Astria , Kusuma Kevin Surya
Published: June 2024

Background Gambling disorder (GD) has become a wide concern in Indonesia, as many negative consequences arise from this psychiatric condition. Prompt treatment with an appropriate method of delivery is required to achieve optimal outcomes in GD patients. This protocol paper outlines a study to determine the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) in treating GD in Indonesia. Methods This non-randomized pilot and feasibility study will recruit 20 people with GD. All participants will receive the iCBT intervention through self-learning videos and guided weekly group sessions. The effectiveness of the intervention will be assessed at baseline (week 0), post- treatment completion (week 10), and 6 weeks post-treatment (week 16). The outcomes measured will be the change in gambling symptoms, gambling urges, cognitive distortions, readiness to change, emotional problems, and quality of life of the participants. Discussion The feasibility of iCBT for GD patients in Indonesia will be assessed by this study. The study's results will give an indication of the acceptability of the intervention and the feasibility of a subsequent conclusive trial. The delivery of iCBT may help to address the issue of treatment access in an extensive geographical region and provide immediate implications as a treatment resource for GD in practice.
Monitoring of near-Earth space, Earth’s magnetosphere and atmosphere during Forbush decreases in August 2005
Authors: Kovalev Ivan , Kravtsova Marina , Olemskoy Sergey , Sdobnov Valeriy , Starodubtsev Sergei
Published: June 2024

We present the results of near-Earth interplanetary space, magnetosphere, and atmosphere monitoring during large-scale solar wind disturbances at the end of August 2005. The monitoring was carried out using ground-level cosmic ray (CR) observations made at the worldwide network of neutron monitors as well as muon telescopes in Yakutsk and Novosibirsk. As a result of the analysis performed by different methods, we have obtained variation properties of CRs of different rigidities in Earth’s orbit, their pitch angle anisotropy, orientation and configuration of the interplanetary magnetic field, changes in the planetary system of geomagnetic cutoff rigidities during geomagnetic disturbances, as well as mass average air temperature over CR stations equipped with muon telescopes. For the periods of geomagnetic disturbances, we have determined parameters of magnetospheric ring current and magnetopause currents.
Determination of the vector velocity of artificial ionospheric irregularities based on Doppler measurements by the bi-static scatter method of HF radio signals propagating over long radio paths
Authors: Borisova Tatiana , Blagoveshchenskaya Nataly , Kalishin Alexey , Kovalev Andrey
Published: June 2024

During experiments on the modification of the high-latitude ionosphere by high-power HF radio waves of ordinary or extraordinary polarization of the EISCAT/Heating facility (Tromsø, Norway) in 2013, 2016, and 2019, Doppler measurements of diagnostic HF radio signals over long radio paths were carried out by the bistatic scatter method. We studied characteristics of Doppler frequency variations in bistatic scattered radio signals, using the experimental results obtained along radio paths of different lengths (up to ~8500 km) and orientation. We examined numerical dependences of the Doppler frequency variations in a radio signal on the azimuth of the wave vector of a radio wave incident onto an artificially disturbed region, on the bistatic scattering angle, and on the azimuthal direction of irregularity motion in an artificially disturbed region of the ionosphere. From simultaneous measurements of the Doppler frequency fD of the radio signal along two diagnostic radio paths, we numerically estimated the velocity vector of irregularities in the artificially disturbed region of the ionosphere. The total vector velocity of artificial ionospheric irregularities can be calculated from measurements of the Doppler frequency shift along several long diagnostic radio paths after preliminary analysis of experimental observations with the results of trajectory modeling of diagnostic HF radio signals.
Lifetime of a polarization jet during long-term magnetic storms
Authors: Stepanov Aleksandr , Danilov Spiridon , Baishev Dmitry , Khalipov Viktor , Kotova Galina , Kobyakova Sargylana
Published: June 2024

The paper examines conditions of occurrence and typical time scales of a polarization jet by measuring ionospheric parameters from DMSP satellites (h~830 km) and using data from the ground-based ionospheric station Yakutsk (YA462) during strong and long-term geomagnetic storms. The polarization jet at the ionospheric station Yakutsk was recorded in the dusk sector at the background of substorm disturbances when the geomagnetic index SME reached values from 1000 to ~3000 nT, and, according to data from the magnetic observatory Yakutsk (YAK), there was a positive bay ~50–100 nT in the geomagnetic field H component and ~100–200 nT in its Z component. We show that the lifetime of the polarization jet or narrow troughs in ionospheric plasma in the subauroral ionosphere during strong and long-term magnetic storms can be as long as 12 hrs.
Automatic interpretation of oblique sounding ionograms based on hybrid algorithms
Authors: Ponomarchuk Sergey , Grozov Viktor
Published: June 2024

The paper presents a method of interpreting data on oblique ionosphere sounding (OS) with a continuous chirp signal. Hybrid algorithms for automatic interpretation of ionograms by selected points with significant amplitude obtained during secondary data processing for various heliogeophysical conditions have been developed and implemented. For the conditions of the two-layer ionosphere, an interpretation method has been worked out which involves analyzing histograms for the distribution of points with significant amplitude, which fall into a model mask constructed from the results of modeling of the distance-frequency characteristic for propagation when it moves over the ionogram. For the multilayer ionosphere, the interpretation is based on the study of the ionogram amplitude relief. The algorithms for extracting tracks of signals reflected from sporadic layers are examined separately. We report the results of interpretation of ionograms obtained on the network of chirp sounding radio paths in the northeastern region of Russia.
Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as a predator of the leaf-galling form of the grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch, 1856) (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) in Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Daiana da Costa , Andzeiewski Simone , Bohn Régis Josué , Moura Luciano de Azevedo , Bernardi Daniel , Botton Marcos
Published: June 2024

Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an Asian species intentionally introduced in many countries as a biological control agent for insect pests. In Brazil, it was introduced accidentally and recorded for the first time in Curitiba, Paraná State, in 2002. An inventory of natural enemies of the leaf-galling form of the grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch, 1856) (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) carried out in Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, the occurrence of predation of all stages of development of D. vitifoliae by larvae and adults of H. axyridis. The presence of H. axyridis preying on D. vitifoliae in vineyards is important because it identifies an exotic species acting as a predator of grape phylloxera populations in Brazil.
Współpraca nauczycieli z rodzicami i środowiskiem społecznym w latach 1945–1989. Wymiar prawno-oświatowy
Authors: Król Joanna
Published: June 2024

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest opis, wyjaśnienie i ocena współpracy nauczycieli z rodzicami i środowiskiem społecznym w latach 1945–1989 w wymiarze prawno-oświatowym. Zastosowano krytyczną analizę materiałów źródłowych i opracowań naukowych. W wyniku badań ujawniono dynamikę rozwiązań ustawowych w zależności od aktualnej sytuacji politycznej, co z kolei zdecydowało o konieczności podziału omawianego czasu historycznego na etapy mające swoją odrębną specyfikę prawno-oświatową w zakresie podjętej problematyki.
Inspirację badawczą stanowiła propozycja Andrzeja Jankego, który dostrzegając zróżnicowanie w zakresie współpracy szkoły ze środowiskiem rodzinnym na przestrzeni lat 1944–1989 wyróżnił w jego ramach sześć odrębnych okresów. W przypadku analizowanej problematyki konieczne jednak stało się przesunięcie akcentu ze szkoły na nauczyciela, poszerzenie zaprezentowanego powyżej podziału o środowisko społeczne, jak i dokonanie korekty w zakresie nazewnictwa i podziału czasowego w oparciu o wnioski autorskie. Podstawową konkluzją artykułu jest stwierdzenie faktu, że mimo odmienności poszczególnych etapów kooperacji podmiotów edukacyjnych wszystkie one mieściły się w ramach ładu monocentrycznego i jako takie miały również cechy wspólne. Odgórnie narzucone rozwiązania prawne i silny akcent ideologiczny nie służyły kulturze wzajemnego zaufania, a tym samym powodowały, że współpraca nauczycieli z rodzicami i środowiskiem społecznym była z góry narażona na szereg niedociągnięć, do których należały: schematyzm, działania pozorne, akcyjność i koniunkturalizm.
Działalność wychowawcza nauczycieli Gimnazjum i Liceum SS. Urszulanek w Krakowie w latach 1945–1953
Authors: Grudziński Andrzej
Published: June 2024

Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie działań wychowawczych podejmowanych przez nauczycieli krakowskiej szkoły średniej prowadzonej przez urszulanki w okresie od jej reaktywacji w 1945 roku do unicestwienia w roku 1953. Badania przeprowadzono metodą analizy dokumentów znajdujących się w krakowskim Archiwum Prowincjalnym Urszulanek Unii Rzymskiej, w głównej mierze dokumentów niewykorzystanych przez autora przy pisaniu rozprawy doktorskiej. W tekście przedstawiono główne kierunki szkolnej aktywności wychowawczej z zakresu wychowania religijnego, moralnego i społecznego, mającej na celu przygotować uczennice do pełnienia służby Bogu, Kościołowi, ojczyźnie oraz drugiemu człowiekowi. Tak nakreślony cel był realizowany głównie na podstawie przygotowanych przez grono pedagogiczne programów wychowawczych, najpierw oficjalnych, a po rozpoczęciu ofensywy ideologicznej w oświacie funkcjonujących w tzw. „drugim obiegu”. Ważną rolę w tym względzie spełniały także organizacje prowadzące pozalekcyjną działalność wychowawczą: Szkolne Koło PCK i krakowskie drużyny harcerskie. W artykule ukazano także znaczenie kształtowania kultury osobistej wśród uczennic oraz rolę nauczycieli w niwelowaniu skutków przeżyć wojennych, wyznaczaniu kierunków działań wychowawczych, czuwaniu nad ich realizacją oraz dbaniu o dobry kontakt z wychowankami.
Careers advice in special schools
Authors: Stephenson Jo
Published: June 2024

Following concerns about the quality of provision for vulnerable groups, Ofsted was asked to review careers guidance in specialist settings. Jo Stephenson examines some of the key findings
Better responses to child abuse
Authors: Ghafari Leila , Dutton Alice , Sisya Kandazi
Published: June 2024

Experts gather children's views of abuse to help practitioners' address gaps in provision
Charity helps boost speech and language skills
Authors: Józwiak Gabriella
Published: June 2024

Initiative successfully trains early years practitioners to deliver speech and language interventions to help reduce the need for specialist support
(De)Constructing the Vulva: Locating the Labia in Trans "Vaginoplasty"
Authors: Lind Anja H.
Published: June 2024

Abstract: The surgical construction of a vulva in transgender 'vaginoplasty' offers a unique opportunity to deconstruct the sociocultural standing of the vulva at large. Social apprehension of the vulva is broadly 'dis-eased,' in Christine Labuski's terms: profoundly and bioculturally disparaged. Synecdochically erased, and with its function effaced against the reproductive, heterosexed vagina, the vulva is situated at the paradoxical intersection of excess and lack, simultaneously invisibilised and threateningly, shamefully visible. This disparagement bears professional ramifications: medical science reflects the sociocultural context in which it is produced and (re)produces precisely this culture. Through trans 'vaginoplasty,' the trans body is surgically inscribed with this dis-eased vulvar script, manifesting as social text upon which the vulva may be read. Systematic reviews of surgical literature, analysed here with respect to the clitoris and labia minora as structures central for female sexual pleasure, reveal how surgeons (re)produce the fictitious dichotomy between vulvar appearance and vaginal function and (re)erase non-heteronormative sexuality. The trans vulva thus illustrates the sociocultural position of the vulva, literally constructed in this image: linguistically invisibilised, it is the heterosexed vagina which takes precedent, at cost of vulvar cosmesis, and in disavowal of vulvar function, the vulva relegated to an academic, surgical and otherwise afterthought.
A two-photon cellular resolution mesoscope for causal dissection of inter-areal computations
Authors: Abdeladim Lamiae , Jagadisan Uday K. , Shin Hyeyoung , Ogando Mora B. , Adesnik Hillel
Published: June 2024

We present the first two-photon holographic mesoscope, a system allowing to selectively photostimulate ensembles of neurons with high spatiotemporal resolution while recording from thousands of neurons across several surrounding areas.
Simultaneous Two-Photon and Thermal Imaging of Mouse Cortex Enables Optimization of Signal-to-Noise
Authors: Chen Shengxuan , Banks Hunter , Bumstead Jonathan , Bice Annie , Gaines Seana , Culver Joseph
Published: June 2024

We optimize fast (7Hz) large field-of-view (5mm) two-photon imaging with simultaneous thermal imaging and a curved imaging plane. Improved signal-to-noise is used to map bilateral spontaneous functional connectivity.
Imaging neuronal activities with a Large Field-of-view Two- and Three-photon Microscope in the Deep Tissue
Authors: Mok Aaron T. , Wang Tianyu , Zhao Shitong , Kolkman Kristine E. , Wu Danni , Ouzounov Dimitre G , Seo Changwoo , Wu Chunyan , Fetcho Joseph R. , Xu Chris
Published: June 2024

We developed a two- and three- photon microscope that enables high-resolution imaging with a large field-of-view of ~3.5 mm diameter at > 1 mm depth of mouse brains.
Investigating pulsatile cerebral blood flow waveforms after subarachnoid hemorrhage with diffuse correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Urner Tara , Sathialingam Eashani , Boodooram Tisha , Goyal Vidisha , Cowdrick Kyle R. , Lee Seung Yup , Akbik Feras , Samuels Owen B. , Kandiah Prem , Sadan Ofer , Buckley Erin M.
Published: June 2024

We quantify pulsatile microvascular cerebral blood flow waveforms at the cardiac frequency in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) before and after treatment with a vasodilator to alleviate cerebral vasospasm. We observe a waveform response consistent with our previous observations in healthy adults undergoing hypercapnia, a known vasodilatory stimulus. These results extend the potential utility of BFI waveform quantification as a biomarker of vasomotor changes to a clinical case where such an indicator is much-needed.
Hybrid Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Network for Non-Invasive Intracranial Pressure Estimation from Cerebral Blood Flow
Authors: Vall-llossera M. Torrecilla , Danilov V. , Tagliabue S. , Fischer J. B. , Fajardo C. , Maruccia F. , Rey-Perez A. , Báguena M. , Cano P. , Sahuquillo J. , Poca M. A. , Piella G. , Durduran T.
Published: June 2024

A new hybrid convolutional and recurrent neural network model, trained on data acquired by fast diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) from children and adults with different pathologies is proposed to estimate intracranial pressure from cerebral blood flow time-traces.
Real-time guidance for fNIRS headgear placement using augmented reality
Authors: Yen Fan-Yu , Lin Yu-An , Fang Qianqian
Published: June 2024

An intuitive open-source augmented reality software was developed to facilitate the real-time guidance of fNIRS headgear placement during experiments. It computes head 10-20 landmarks in real-time and overlays those on a camera video stream.
Supercontinuum Intrinsic Fluorescence Imaging (SCIFI) Empowers Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Tu Haohua
Published: June 2024

In contrast to other forms of fluorescence microscopy, SCIFI maximizes the information content beyond fluorescence intensity while minimizing the harm to fragile living systems, resulting in abundant label-free cellular/molecular biomarkers in biology and medicine.
An Image Based Real-Time 3D Particle Tracking Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscope to Follow Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Kellerer Thomas , Grawert Tanja , Schorre Florian , Moser Lukas , Byers Patrick , Rädler Joachim , Hellerer Thomas
Published: June 2024

A modified Two-Photon Microscopy setup tracks freely diffusing nanoparticles in 3D and in real-time. It can measure fluorescence lifetime and microenvironmental properties, such as pH, for applications in drug delivery systems based on lipid nanoparticles.
GigaFIBI; Rapid, Large-format Histology-resolution Imaging for Intraoperative Assessment of Breast Lumpectomy Margins
Authors: Sayrafi Dena , Anderson Nate , Sauder Candice , Miglioretti Diana , Levenson Richard , Borowsky Alexander , Fereidouni Farzad
Published: June 2024

GigaFIBI, an advancement of Fluorescence Imitating Brightfield Imaging (FIBI), displays significant promise in reducing positive margins and associated costs by capturing histology-grade images of 100x100 within minutes, offering intraoperative guidance.
Development and Clinical Testing of Efficient Mounting Using Tissue Compression for Real-time Histology
Authors: Heckman Connor , Ching-Roa Vincent , Huang Chi , Giacomelli Michael
Published: June 2024

We present a compression system that can flatten irregularly shaped surgical specimens along the image plane and demonstrate imaging during moshes surgery of curved skin excisions.
Label-free multiphoton microscopy of immune cells in human skin
Authors: Vallmitjana Alexander , Durkin Amanda , Rajil Navid , Shiu Jessica , Ganesan Anand K. , Balu Mihaela
Published: June 2024

This presentation will highlight the latest advances in utilizing a custom-designed clinical multiphoton imaging platform. The goal is to identify and distinguish immune cell populations in human skin using label-free molecular contrast.
On-chip quantitative phase microscopy without support constraint
Authors: Shanmugavel Sibi Chakravarthy , Chowdhury Shwetadwip
Published: June 2024

We present a novel imaging system that combines an on-chip imaging sensor with a computational phase-retrieval framework that does not utilize any support constraint. This system represents a cost-effective and straightforward strategy for phase-imaging over large fields-of-view and with off-the-shelf components.
Rapid Optical Cytology with Deep Learning-Based Cell Segmentation for Diagnosis of Thyroid Lesions
Authors: Jermain Peter R. , Oswald Martin , Langdun Tenzin , Wright Santana , Khan Ashraf , Stadelmann Thilo , Abdulkadir Ahmed , Yaroslavsky Anna N.
Published: June 2024

We have developed and implemented a rapid, robust, and clinically viable protocol for fluorescence polarization cytopathology of thyroid nodules. The proposed approach utilizes rapid sample preparation and automated image analysis to accurately diagnose thyroid cancer.
Single Source Label-free Virtual Histopathology using 266nm Pulsed Light
Authors: Haven Nathaniel J. M. , Martell Matthew T. , Cikaluk Brendyn D. , Zemp Roger J.
Published: June 2024

A label-free approach is presented capable of generating virtual histopathology supplemented with metabolic and structural contrast in freshly resected thick tissues using autofluorescence and reflectance contrast from a single 266 nm source.
Real-Time Chemical Visualization with Optically Super-resolved InfraRed Imaging micro-Spectroscopy (OSIRIS)
Authors: Huffman T.J. , Furstenberg Robert , Kendziora Christopher A. , McGill R.A.
Published: June 2024

We've developed a microscopy technique for chemical imaging and tomography with high spatial resolution (~100 nm). Data analysis reveals the chemical makeup of the sample as well as the infrared spectrum of each chemical component in quasi real-time.
OCT-based, multi-spot assessment of corneal biomechanical asymmetries – clinical results
Authors: Karnowski Karol , Milkiewicz Jadwiga , Mączyńska-Walkowiak Ewa , Młyniuk Patryk , Cetinkaya Onur , Kałużny Bartłomiej J. , Curatolo Andrea , Grulkowski Ireneusz , Wojtkowski Maciej
Published: June 2024

In clinical settings, precise biomechanical assessments of the cornea are crucial for early detection of keratoconus. Our study introduces the clinical application of a breakthrough multi-meridian technique that enables simultaneous 3-D deformation measurements, enhancing the diagnostic capabilities of standard air-puff swept-source OCT systems. By implementing a spatial-depth-encoded multiplexing approach, we achieved a detailed 9-spot measurement of dynamic corneal deformations. The system's efficacy was rigorously evaluated through comprehensive ex vivo trials on porcine eyes and corroborated with in vivo experiments on human subjects. This innovative method has shown significant potential in identifying biomechanical asymmetries associated with keratoconus. Our findings indicate great capabilities in detecting biomechanical discrepancies indicative of keratoconus, positioning this technique as a promising diagnosis and monitoring tool for corneal pathologies.
High-performance, low-cost optical coherence tomography (OCT) digital Fourier Transform (dFT) spectrometer on a silicon photonic platform
Authors: Mojahed Diana , Peters Maarten , Hu Juejun
Published: June 2024

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is limited by cost and size. We've developed a compact, chip-integrated OCT system with a spectrometer, delay line, and beam scanning. It features a 1310nm central wavelength, 100nm bandwidth, 0.0977nm resolution, 108.45dB sensitivity, and 8.8µm axial resolution.
Non-mydriatic ultra-widefield diffraction-limited retinal imaging
Authors: Ni Shuibin , Ng Ringo , Huang David , Chen Siyu , Young Benjamin K. , Peter Campbell J. , Jian Yifan
Published: June 2024

We demonstrate a new non-mydriatic ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography retinal imaging system, designed with custom optics to improve the imaging field of view, lateral resolution, and patient comfort. The key motivation is to address the challenge with conventional systems that require pupillary dilation, adding time, expense, discomfort, and medical risk to the examination of the retina. Our system provides an ultrawide 100° field of view (beam scanning angle at the scanning pivot point) and maintains a lateral resolution of 20 µm on the center. It also allows a generous working distance of 16 mm, 2–3 times longer than existing ultra-widefield OCT imaging systems. This advanced system was able to avoid iris vignetting artifacts without pharmacological dilation and ensure diffraction-limited ultra-widefield imaging under a generalized eye model. This enables a comprehensive evaluation of retina diseases, especially those affecting the peripheral regions.
Aberration-corrected wide wavelength range spectrum dispersion element based on the Pancharatnam-Berry metasurface
Authors: Wang Jiadi , Zhang Tianyi , Lian Yue , Zheng Xiaoran
Published: June 2024

As a typical type of metasurface, the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase metasurface can enable the miniaturization of a spectrometer because of its sub-wavelength and ultra-thin properties. We proposed what we believe to be a novel miniaturized metalens with multiple aberrations as a dispersive element based on the Gaussian reference sphere theory. The metalens was combined with different focal points and designed wavelengths to reduce aberrations over a broadband range. Compared with lenses with spherical or parabolic phase profiles, the proposed phase profile PB metasurface achieved focal lengths corresponding to the incident light of different wavelengths in a larger range, resulting in a higher spectral resolution rate and suitability for diverse spectrometer applications. Compared with spherical or parabolic phase distribution, the PB metasurface based on segmented phase distribution achieved focal lengths corresponding to the incident light of different wavelengths in a larger range; aberration correction could be performed in a wider wavelength range. When implemented within the system, the spectrometer can use higher spectral resolution and a wider wavelength range. The detailed design method and theoretical spectrum dispersion ability were analyzed. The proposed metasurface provides a new method for designing dispersion devices with high spectral resolution and has potential applications in the fields of spectrometry, three-dimensional imaging, and portable optics.
Hyperentanglement quantum communication over a 50  km noisy fiber channel
Authors: Zhong Zhen-Qiu , Zhan Xiao-Hai , Chen Jia-Lin , Wang Shuang , Yin Zhen-Qiang , Geng Jia-Qi , He De-Yong , Chen Wei , Guo Guang-Can , Han Zheng-Fu
Published: June 2024

High-dimensional entanglement not only offers a high security level for quantum communication but also promises improved information capacity and noise resistance of the system. However, due to various constraints on different high-dimensional degrees of freedom, whether these advantages can bring improvement to the actual implementation is still not well proven. Here we present a scheme to fully utilize these advantages over long-distance noisy fiber channels. We exploit polarization and time-bin hyperentanglement to achieve high-dimensional coding, and observe significant enhancements in secure key rates and noise tolerance that surpass the capabilities of qubit systems. Moreover, the demonstration achieves a distribution up to 50 km, which is the longest distance for high-dimensional entanglement-based quantum key distribution up to date, to our knowledge. Our demonstration validates the potential of high-dimensional entanglement for quantum communications over long-distance noisy channels, paving the way for a resilient and resource-efficient quantum network.
Deep Learning Aided Fluorescence Lifetime Tomography
Authors: Nizam Navid Ibtehaj , Erbas Ismail , Pandey Vikas , Smith Jason T. , Intes Xavier
Published: June 2024

We report a novel two-stage Deep Neural Network architecture, AUTO-FLI, for carrying out simultaneous 3D intensity and fluorescence lifetime reconstructions. The performance of the network is validated in silico and with experimental phantoms.
Performance assessment methodologies for diffuse optical flow technologies
Authors: Forti Rodrigo M. , Majeski J.B. , Mason M. , Weeks M.K. , Ramachandran N.V. , Abramson K. , Aparanji S. , Zhao M. , Ko T.S. , Srinivasan V.J. , Baker W.B. , Yodh A.G.
Published: June 2024

We propose a reproducible methodology to test the accuracy of diffuse optical flow devices. Absolute accuracy is assessed by comparing to diffusion coefficients in liquid phantoms at different temperatures with polystyrene microspheres of variable size.
NeuroDOT: a Matlab and Python Toolbox for Optical Brain Mapping
Authors: Speh Emma , Thacker Yash , Segel Ari , Marcus Dan , Wheelock Muriah D. , Eggebrecht Adam T.
Published: June 2024

NeuroDOT is a Matlab and Python-based toolbox for functional near infrared spectroscopy and diffuse optical tomography with functions, pipelines, and training tutorials for data pre-processing, anatomical light modeling, image reconstruction, analysis, and visualization.
Calibration of Diffuse Reflectance Probes With Short Source-Detector Separations for Tissue Optical Property Recovery Using Transfer Learning
Authors: Hannan Md Nafiz , Baran Timothy M.
Published: June 2024

Artificial neural networks for optical property extraction from diffuse reflectance spectra are probe-specific, requiring lengthy calibration procedures for accurate prediction. A feature-extraction based transfer learning algorithm was developed and validated for rapid probe-to-probe calibration.
Accelerating 3-D Monte Carlo Photon Transport Simulations by Leveraging Deep-learning based Volume Super-Resolution Methods
Authors: Raayai-Ardakani Matin , Kaeli David R. , Fang Qianqian
Published: June 2024

We present a deep-learning approach to upscale Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for modeling light propagation inside turbid media, surpassing traditional algorithms by offering up to about 4 times additional photons compared to direct MC simulations.
Longitudinal Hemodynamic Characterization of Patients with Sickle Cell Disease with Multi-Modal Optical Techniques
Authors: Quang Timothy , Frey Ingrid , Xu Julia , Mostashari Golnar , Parker Helen E. , Conrey Anna , Parekh Dina , Charles Ruth Pierre , Hill Brian , Thein Swee Lay , Tromberg Bruce J.
Published: June 2024

We optically characterize hemodynamic changes influenced by mitapivat, an oral pyruvate kinase activator, in 15 patients with sickle cell disease. Cerebral oxygen saturation increased above baseline within the first month of treatment and remained elevated.
Approaching Optical Rotation Through the Lens of Near-Infra -Red -II Photoacoustics
Authors: Padmanabhan Swathi , Prakash Jaya
Published: June 2024

A photoacoustic sensing method to explore the dynamics of optical rotation of chiral biomolecules is explored. The diattenaution obtained from the photoacoustic signal with different polarized illumination was analyzed.
An ultrasensitive and broadband transparent ultrasound transducer for ultrasound and photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Kim Minsu , Cho Seonghee , Ahn Joong ho , Park Jeongwoo , Kim Hyung Ham , Kim Chulhong
Published: June 2024

We develop materials for acoustic impedance matching of transparent ultrasound transducers (TUTs). Now, the performance of TUT is equivalent to that of opaque transducers, and ultrasound and photoacoustic tomography using TUT surpasses existing technologies.
Spatial Impulse Response of Ultrasound Transducer Correction Using Deep Learning in Photoacoustic Tomography
Authors: Munjal Isha , Prakash Jaya
Published: June 2024

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) image quality is degraded by transducer-related distortions. This study employed conventional ℓ1-norm based deconvolution and deep learning based deconvolution to compensate spatial impulse response, achieved 40/81% improvement in terms of SSIM/PSNR over backprojection reconstruction.
Addressing Skin Pigmentation Bias in NIRS Tissue Oximetry
Authors: Lacerenza M. , Rossi V. , Zanelli S. , Amendola C. , Contini D. , Spinelli L. , Torricelli A. , Zuccotti G. , Calcaterra V. , Buttafava M.
Published: June 2024

Tissue oximeters may show measurements bias and reduced accuracy related to diverse skin pigmentations. The possibility to overcome this issue with time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy is assessed in-vivo, on a large cohort of pediatric subjects.