bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overview of textile tensile surface structures with the largest uniform area
Authors: Zagubień Adam , Wolniewicz Katarzyna , Wesolowski Miroslaw
Published: October 2024

The innovative design of tensile surface structures is often a distinguishing feature of the entire construction project. The use of membranes gives buildings a sense of lightness and often a futuristic look. The construction materials used in the design of membrane roofing are, in addition to the steel cables tensioning and supporting the roof membrane, technical fabrics. This article focuses on describing structures made of continuous tensioned membranes spanning a rope or bar network with a total uniform area of more than 20,000 m2. Five structures with the largest uniform load-bearing area are described. The most commonly used yarn materials and coatings are described. The basic strength parameters of the most commonly used fabrics are summarized. The principles of shaping membrane surfaces were described. Attention was drawn to the difficulty of transferring laboratory test results to real objects. It is very likely that, for reasons of usability and manufacturing technology, continuous membrane surfaces with larger areas than described will no longer be designed.
Health & Productivity Management Associated With Improved Efficiency of Inpatient Health Care: Cross-sectional Study Using FY2021 Bed Function Report
Authors: Watanabe Hajime , Miyata Satoshi , Kanamori Satoru , Nakata Yoshinori
Published: October 2024

This study examined the relationship between health and productivity management (H&PM) and inpatient health care efficiency in hospitals. This cross-sectional study is based on 1108 hospitals using data from the FY2021 Bed Function Report. The presence of Certified H&PM Organization was the proxy variable for H&PM implementation. The efficiency value obtained using the input-oriented Banker-Charners-Cooper model of data envelopment analysis was a proxy variable for inpatient health care efficiency. The input variables were the number of hospital beds, registered physicians, ward nurses, and other staff members in the ward. The output variable was the total number of patients in the ward per year. We conducted a Wilcoxon rank-sum test and compared certified and non-certified hospitals. The efficiency value was the objective variable, and certification presence was the explanatory variable. We used a stepwise method, including adjustment variables, to confirm whether the certification presence remained in the final multiple regression model. Efficiency was significantly higher in certified hospitals than non-certified hospitals. Certification presence remained in the final multiple regression model (β = .027, CI = −0.004 to 0.057, P = .085). Although not statistically significant, certified hospitals tended to have higher efficiency compared to non-certified hospitals. These findings suggested that hospitals that actively engage in H&PM may have higher efficiency in inpatient health care. However, further research is needed to establish the causal relationship.
Multidose Drug Dispensing in Community Healthcare Settings for Patients With Multimorbidity and Polypharmacy
Authors: Martín-Oliveros Adela , Plaza Zamora Javier , Monaco Alessandro , Anitua Iriarte Javier , Schlageter Jessica , Ducinskiene Danute , Donde Shaantanu
Published: October 2024

Multidose drug dispensing (MDD) is the dispensing of different drugs in dose bags containing one, some, or all units of medicine that a patient needs to take at specific times. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the literature describing the use of MDD systems in community healthcare settings in patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. A literature search identified 14 studies examining adherence, medication knowledge, quality of drug prescription (including inappropriate drug use, drug-drug interactions), medication incidents, and drug changes after MDD initiation, as well as healthcare professional (HCP) and patient perspectives. There are limited data on MDD in community healthcare settings, particularly on outcomes such as adherence. Studies are mostly from Northern Europe. Patients selected for MDD are more likely to be older, female, cognitively impaired, and have a higher number of disease diagnoses and drugs than those who do not receive drugs through MDD. MDD is generally initiated for patients who have decreased capacity for medication management. Several advantages of MDD have been reported by patients and HCPs, and studies indicate that MDD can be improved by medication review, defining clear roles and responsibilities of HCPs in the medication management chain, and comprehensive follow-up of patients. Future development, implementation, and assessment of MDD systems in community healthcare should be designed in collaboration with HCPs and patients, to identify ways to optimize the systems and improve patient outcomes.
Wettability, morphological, miscibility characterization of alginate, and chitosan-based bio composite coatings
Authors: Hamad Qahtan A. , Faheed Noor K. , Issa Rasha Abdul-hassan
Published: October 2024

This study is aimed at fabricating composite biocompatible coatings of Alginate (Alg) and Chitosan (CS) on a stainless steel (grade 316L) substrate, reinforced with several percent nanoparticle additives, Using a dip coating method. The research used Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) to explore surface roughness, size dispersion, and surface topography. The introduction of nanoparticles enhanced the wettability of the CS/Alg coatings. Notably, nanoparticle coatings with TiO2, Nb2O5, and biotin showed exceptional wettability due to the hydrophilic qualities of the matrix and reinforcements. This was corroborated by contact angle measurements, which confirmed the hydrophilic nature of the chitosan-alginate blend. The FTIR results highlighted the noticeable compatibility between CS-Alg and (TiO2, Nb2O5, and biotin) nanoparticles. No discernible alterations in the wavelengths were observed. Employing biotin-TiO2-Nb2O5, the FESEM showed that the biocompatible coating films were uniform and devoid of cracks on the 316L stainless steel substrate. The matrix + TiO2, matrix + Nb2O5, matrix + TiO2 + Nb2O5, and matrix + TiO2 + Nb2O5 + biotin-coated 316L stainless steel showed roughness data of 4.14, 5.28, 7.04, and 8.02 nm, accordingly, in contrast with the neat chitosan/alginate coating, which displays 2.67 nm, suggesting the significant impact of biotin and oxides on surface topography. These findings underscore the potential of the developed nanoparticle coatings for orthopedic applications, with enhanced wettability and biocompatibility. Biocompatible coatings emerging from this research are promising for advancing orthopedic and biomedical devices as they are used in scientific studies because of their biocompatibility with human tissues.
Generative Models for the Psychology of Art and Aesthetics
Authors: Hertzmann Aaron
Published: October 2024

This paper describes how computational generative models can describe aspects of the artistic process, and how these generative models can provide tools for formulating and testing psychological theories of art. The term “generative models” here refers to algorithms that can generate artistic imagery, video, text, or other artistic media, including techniques developed in both computer graphics and AI research. Generative models can both describe artistic processes and offer useful experimental tools. This paper first outlines different ways to understand the types of research in generative models. It then surveys several recent examples of using generative models to develop theories and to perform experiments. The paper then discusses misleading uses of the concept of “AI-generated art” in psychological studies, and the need for study of our relationship with new artistic technologies. Finally, the paper offers a few remarks on pursuing interdisciplinary research across psychology and computer graphics.
Carryover slag weight prediction under converter tapping process by applying attention-shifting infrared thermal mapping technique
Authors: Song Shen-yang , Li Jing
Published: October 2024

The prediction model of actual slag weight under converter tapping process was constructed by applying attention-shifting infrared thermal mapping technique. Firstly, the linkage between programmable logic controller signal of the converter mechanical structure and the infrared thermal mapping detector image was realized to ensure the real-time monitoring of the whole tapping process. Images should be preprocessed to ensure a good distinction between the flowing liquid and background at the tapping beginning, furthermore to separated slag from liquid steel at the following process. Moreover, the use of attention-shifting block belonging to the infrared thermal detector was effect to obtain more accurate image distinction between the liquid steel and slag. Hence the gray degree threshold value was adjusted to 220–225 in the early stage, and the value was needed to be lowered to 170–176 in the end. After using the model, the slag weight was less than < 8.0kg/t when only slag-stopping awl was adopted in tapping process. The average weight of slag in converter was 7.3kg/t by using slag-stopping awl and sliding plate slag-blocking.
(Un)Funny Against All Odds: The Changing Landscape of Humour in Politics
Authors: Beck Daniel , Spencer Alexander
Published: October 2024

The article wants to set the stage for the rest of the special issue titled ‘From resistance to legitimation: The changing role of humour in politics’ by providing an overview of some the key concepts, theories and approaches to humour. It begins by considering different concepts of and some of the theoretical approaches to the functions and implications of humour including relief, superiority and incongruity as well as carnival theory and the role of parody. From these ideas, it outlines several functions of using humour in politics which include the raising of public attention and distraction, provocation and isolation from critique, humour as a means of persuasion and anxiety management as well as the use of humour as a means of stabilizing and de-stabilizing hierarchies. Turning to the main contribution of the special issue it outlines the changing relationship of humour in politics from a means of critique of power to a means of legitimation of power. It places the contribution of the special issue in this debate and holds that humour plays an ambiguous role and calls for further research into the dark and unfunny side of humour in politics.
Marginalized measures: The harmonization of diversity in precision medicine research
Authors: Jeske Melanie , Saperstein Aliya , Lee Sandra Soo-Jin , Shim Janet K
Published: October 2024

The production of large, shareable datasets is increasingly prioritized for a wide range of research purposes. In biomedicine, especially in the United States, calls to enhance representation of historically underrepresented populations in databases that integrate genomic, health history, demographic and lifestyle data have also increased in order to support the goals of precision medicine. Understanding the assumptions and values that shape the design of such datasets and the practices through which they are constructed are a pressing area of social inquiry. We examine how diversity is conceptualized in U.S. precision medicine research initiatives, specifically attending to how measures of diversity, including race, ethnicity, and medically underserved status, are constructed and harmonized to build commensurate datasets. In three case studies, we show how symbolic embrace of both diversity and harmonization efforts can compromise the utility of diversity data. Although big data and diverse population representation are heralded as the keys to unlocking the promises of precision medicine research, these cases reveal core tensions between what kinds of data are seen as central to ‘the science’ and which are marginalized.
Key elements of Goal-Directed Training for children with cerebral palsy: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Ogilvie Louise , Garbellini Simon , Sakzewski Leanne , Davidson Sue-Anne , Elliottt Catherine
Published: October 2024

Background:

Goal-directed training is an evidence-based occupational therapy intervention for children with cerebral palsy targeting motor performance and goal attainment. There is variability and limited description on goal-directed training delivery within the studies who found it a successful intervention. The aim of this study was to establish the who, what, why and how of goal directed training according to practicing occupational therapists.

Methods:

Occupational therapists currently delivering goal-directed training to children with cerebral palsy were recruited. Qualitative data were collected from structured, open-ended interviews and analysed through content analysis. Themes and consensus answers were elicited and mapped to the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist.

Results:

Four key elements were identified as essential for goal-directed training: goal setting, task analysis, active intervention and evaluation. Within each area, occupational therapists provided rich descriptions of what these elements looked like in practice. Despite having a clear understanding of goal-directed training, some barriers to implementation were identified.

Conclusion:

Occupational therapists identified key elements and barriers to implementing goal-directed training in their practice. It is recommended that further support and training is provided to ensure that occupational therapists deliver goal-directed training with high fidelity.
Evaluation of wind potential and economic prospects in the southern regions of Morocco with MERRA-2 and ERA5
Authors: El Kihel Badr , El Kadri Elyamani Nacer Eddine , Chillali Abdelhakim
Published: October 2024

Meteorological reanalyses are generating interest in the modelling of wind energy production. This study provides a comparison between ERA5 and MERRA-2. Two regions in Morocco were studied: Laayoune-Sakia-El-Hamra (22 sites) and Dakhla-Oued-Eddahab (17 sites). Among the 150 wind turbines tested, the two most efficient ones were identified for each site. The results show that MERRA-2 outperforms ERA5 in several aspects, including scatter plots and R2 correlation. Wind potential and economic viability were evaluated for each of the 39 sites, incorporating a loss factor of 26.71% and applying Weibull parameters to precisely characterize each site. The analysis reveals that a few sites stand out for their high wind speeds, significant power densities and a capacity factor reaching 54.37%. Economically, the cost of electricity, ranging between $ 0.012 and $ 0.023 per kWh, is particularly favourable for wind energy production.
Identifying idiopathic intracranial hypertension in a hospital-based chronic headache population: Utility of magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance venography and trans-orbital sonography
Authors: Rehab Mennatallah Mohamed , Farag Sherien Mohamed , Swelam Mahmoud Saad , Salem Haitham Hamdy , Moustafa Ramez Reda
Published: October 2024

Background

One of the most underestimated types of chronic headaches is headaches as a result of cerebro-spinal fluid dysregulation disorders. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) presents with headache and visual symptoms and usually is associated with papilledema. We identified patients with IIH in a chronic headache population presenting to a hospital-based headache clinic, and studied its associations with clinical, sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Methods

Of 168 patients, 141 chronic headache patients were identified and completed the study procedures (semi-structured medical interview, fundus examination, MRI brain with magnetic resonance venography (MRV) and trans-orbital sonography (TOS)). Patients with abnormal findings underwent lumbar puncture for opening pressure.

Results

The prevalence of IIH was 27%. IIH patients were of higher age, had gnawing/throbbing headache in the vertex in most cases, and had higher body mass index. Fundus examination had a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 98% for the detection of IIH cases. Approximately 23% of IIH patients had no papilledema. The most sensitive MR sign was found to be transverse sinus stenosis. TOS showed optic nerve sheath dilation in 35.7% of IIH without papilledema cases.

Conclusions

The prevalence of IIH is high in the chronic headache population and should be suspected in the headache clinic setting, particularly because there is significant overlap with migraine symptomatology. MRI/MR venography and TOS can be useful adjunct tests to identify IIH patients.
Engineered Tendon-Fibrocartilage-Bone Composite With Mechanical Stimulation for Augmentation of Rotator Cuff Repair: A Study Using an In Vivo Canine Model With a 6-Month Follow-up
Authors: Long Zeling , Nakagawa Koichi , Wang Zhanwen , Shi Guidong , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin , Steinmann Scott P. , Zhao Chunfeng
Published: October 2024

Background:

Rotator cuff repair augmentation using biological materials has become popular in clinical practice to reduce the high retear rates associated with traditional repair techniques. Tissue engineering approaches, such as engineered tendon-fibrocartilage-bone composite (TFBC), have shown promise in enhancing the biological healing of rotator cuff tears in animals. However, previous studies have provided limited long-term data on TFBC repair outcomes. The effect of mechanical stimulation on TFBC has not been explored extensively.

Purpose:

To evaluate functional outcomes after rotator cuff repair with engineered TFBC subjected to mechanical stimulation in a 6-month follow-up using a canine in vivo model.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 40 canines with an acute infraspinatus (ISP) tendon transection model were randomly allocated to 4 groups (n =10): (1) unilateral ISP tendon undergoing suture repair only (control surgery); (2) augmentation with engineered TFBC alone (TFBC); (3) augmentation with engineered TFBC and bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) (TFBC+C); and (4) augmentation with engineered TFBC and BMSCs, as well as mechanical stimulation (TFBC+C+M). Outcome measures—including biomechanical evaluations such as failure strength, stiffness, failure mode, gross appearance, ISP tendon and muscle morphological assessment, and histological analysis—were performed 6 months after surgery.

Results:

As shown in the mechanical test, the TFBC+C+M group exhibited higher failure strength compared with other repair techniques. The most common failure mode was avulsion fracture in the TFBC+C+M group, but tendon-bone junction rupture was observed predominantly in different groups. Engineered TFBC with mechanical stimulation showed over 70% relative failure strength compared with normal ISP, and the other groups showed about 50% relative failure strength. Histological analysis revealed less fat infiltration and closer-to-normal muscle fiber structure in the mechanical stimulation group.

Conclusion:

This study provides evidence that mechanical stimulation of engineered TFBC promotes rotator cuff regeneration, thus supporting its potential for rotator cuff repair augmentation.

Clinical Relevance:

This study provides valuable evidence supporting the use of a novel tissue-engineered material (TFBC) in rotator cuff repair and paves the way for advancements in the field of rotator cuff regeneration.
“Too Much Trouble”: Transgender and Nonbinary People's Experiences of Stigmatization and Stigma Avoidance in the Workplace
Authors: Paine Emily Allen , Abad Melissa V. , Barucco Renato , Chang Ya-Wen Yama , Navalta Theresa V. , Vance Thomas A. , Ehrhardt Anke A. , Bockting Walter O.
Published: October 2024

Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people in the U.S. navigate significant employment and economic inequities. Gaps in knowledge about their workplace experiences limit our broader understanding of how social inequality is interactionally constructed through employment contexts. We conducted and analyzed interviews with 26 TNB young adults. Routine hiring processes and structural constraints made participants vulnerable to interactional stigmatization and subsequent discrimination, with deleterious consequences for employment as well as mental health. Participants deployed a variety of strategies to avoid or resist anticipated stigma, including exiting the workforce or changing careers. One's ability to avoid stigmatization at work was partially shaped by structural and managerial support, organizational form, and one's gender and gender conformity. Beyond contributing to economic inequality by limiting job and career options, our findings suggest that these social processes comprise minority stressors that diminish the well-being of TNB participants and exacerbate their economic marginalization. In contributing empirical insight into the experiences of TNB people, we demonstrate the salience of stigmatization and stigma avoidance strategies for social closure within organizations and thereby advance sociological understanding of the relational generation of inequality at work.
Development of the forming limit diagram for fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites and its temperature effect
Authors: Manoochehri Mohsen , Kadkhodayan Mehran
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the formability properties of thermoplastic composite sheets and to develop a forming limit diagram (FLD) for them under ambient and elevated temperatures. Polypropylene thermoplastic composite sheets reinforced with unidirectional continuous glass fibers in a four-layer 0–90 layup were used in this research. Experimental findings demonstrate that the failure of samples at room temperature is more similar to brittle failure and occurs suddenly, whereas at elevated temperatures, the failure resembles ductile failure and occurs gradually. Employing the Nakajima method, a forming limit diagram for the composite material was successfully established at both ambient and elevated temperatures. The resultant forming limit diagrams illustrate an augmented strain tolerance of the material at elevated temperatures. Notably, despite the increased depth of stretch observed at elevated temperatures in comparison to ambient conditions, a concomitant reduction in the force requisite to induce deformation is evident.
Detecting Rhythmic Gene Expression in Single-cell Transcriptomics
Authors: Xu Bingxian , Ma Dingbang , Abruzzi Katharine , Braun Rosemary
Published: October 2024

An autonomous, environmentally synchronizable circadian rhythm is a ubiquitous feature of life on Earth. In multicellular organisms, this rhythm is generated by a transcription-translation feedback loop present in nearly every cell that drives daily expression of thousands of genes in a tissue-dependent manner. Identifying the genes that are under circadian control can elucidate the mechanisms by which physiological processes are coordinated in multicellular organisms. Today, transcriptomic profiling at the single-cell level provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the function of cell-level clocks. However, while many cycling detection algorithms have been developed to identify genes under circadian control in bulk transcriptomic data, it is not known how best to adapt these algorithms to single-cell RNA seq data. Here, we benchmark commonly used circadian detection methods on their reliability and efficiency when applied to single-cell RNA seq data. Our results provide guidance on adapting existing cycling detection methods to the single-cell domain and elucidate opportunities for more robust and efficient rhythm detection in single-cell data. We also propose a subsampling procedure combined with harmonic regression as an efficient strategy to detect circadian genes in the single-cell setting.
Sex-Related Variation in Circadian Rhythms in the Bumble Bee Bombus terrestris
Authors: Gonulkirmaz-Cancalar Ozlem , Bloch Guy
Published: October 2024

Mating success depends on many factors, but first of all, a male and a female need to meet at the same place and time. The circadian clock is an endogenous system regulating activity and sex-related behaviors in animals. We studied bumble bees ( Bombus terrestris) in which the influence of circadian rhythms on sexual behavior has been little explored. We characterized circadian rhythms in adult emergence and locomotor activity under different illumination regimes for males and gynes (unmated queens). We developed a method to monitor adult emergence from the pupal cocoon and found no circadian rhythms in this behavior for either males or gynes. These results are not consistent with the hypothesis that the circadian clock regulates emergence from the pupa in this species. Consistent with this premise, we found that both gynes and males do not show circadian rhythms in locomotor activity during the first 3 days after pupal emergence, but shortly after developed robust circadian rhythms that are readily shifted by a phase delay in illumination regime. We conclude that the bumble bees do not need strong rhythms in adult emergence and during early adult life in their protected and regulated nest environment, but do need strong activity rhythms for timing flights and mating-related behaviors. Next, we tested the hypothesis that the locomotor activity of males and gynes have a similar phase, which may improve mating success. We found that both males and gynes have strong endogenous circadian rhythms that are entrained by the illumination regime, but males show rhythms at an earlier age, their rhythms are stronger, and their phase is slightly advanced relative to that of gynes. An earlier phase may be advantageous to males competing to mate a receptive gyne. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that sex-related variations in circadian rhythms is shaped by sexual selection.
The Effect of Video-Based Action Observation Training and Live Action Observation Training on Motor Function, Activity Participation, and Secondary Outcome Measures in Children With Spastic Diparetic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Demirtas Karaoba Dilan , Talu Burcu
Published: October 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Video-Based Action Observation Training and Live Action Observation Training on motor function, activity participation, and secondary outcome measures in children with spastic diparetic cerebral palsy (CP).

Materials and Methods

Thirty-nine children with spastic diparetic cerebral palsy, aged 5-14 years, with Gross Motor Function Classification System I-III, were distributed in equal numbers to any of the Video-Based Action Observation Training (conventional physiotherapy + Video-Based Action Observation Training), Live Action Observation Training (conventional physiotherapy + Live Action Observation Training), and control (conventional physiotherapy) groups through stratified randomization. For 8 weeks, action observation training groups received 20 minutes of conventional physiotherapy followed by 20 minutes of action observation training, and the control group received 40 minutes of conventional physiotherapy. Primary outcome measures were Gross Motor Function Measurement and Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation, secondary outcome measures were Pediatric Berg Balance Scale, timed-up-and-go test, five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST), Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire (GFAQ), and 1-minute walk test (1MWT).

Results

Improvements were observed in all other evaluation parameters of the groups except Gross Motor Function Measurement–lying and rolling ( P = .066) in the Live Action Observation Training Group, and lying and rolling ( P = .317) and crawling and kneeling ( P = .063) motor subtests and Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire–walking scale ( P = .513) in the control group. Comparisons of the increases in all other measurements between the groups, except for the dimensions of Gross Motor Function Measurement–lying and rolling ( P = .172), were statistically significant ( P < .05) and this difference was in favor of action observation training.

Conclusion

It was found that 2 different AOTs applied in addition to conventional physiotherapy in children with spastic diparetic cerebral palsy were more effective on all outcomes than was conventional physiotherapy alone.
Laser-assisted automated tape laying: Effects of placement rate and heated tooling on layer bonding and tensile properties
Authors: Backmann Vincent , Adil Mohammed , Wettemann Thomas , Drechsler Klaus
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the processing parameters placement rate and tooling temperature of laser-assisted automated tape laying (ATL). Plates with carbon fiber-reinforced polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) were produced at 6 m/min, 9 m/min and 18 m/min, and 23°C and 250°C tooling temperature, respectively. Correlations of processing conditions with micrographs, void content, thickness, the degree of crystallinity and the shear strength of the compression shear test, including a fractographic analysis, were derived. Processing conditions that increase the degree of crystallinity were only found to improve the compression shear strength at 6 m/min placement rates, primarily due to a void content below 3.4 % and degree of crystallinity above 26 %. The fractographic analysis derived from the compression shear test revealed a strong correlation between the degree of crystallinity and the size of ductile drawings. In contrast, the transverse tensile test showed no influences on the ATL processing conditions, whereas the tensile strength in fiber direction decreased by 11 % from a placement rate of 6 m/min to 18 m/min. ATL with a 250°C tooling temperature increased the strengths by 14 % compared to those at room temperature. A further tensile strength improvement of 0° and 90° to 1754 MPa and 75 MPa was obtained by a subsequent out-of-autoclave consolidation using vacuum bagging.
The Ethos of Humanbecoming: New Paradoxes
Authors: Kabigting Edwin-Nikko R. , Carroll Karen , Hoejskov Ida Elisabeth
Published: October 2024

The authors elaborate connections among the tenets of the ethos of the humanbecoming paradigm, dignity, and new paradoxes that have emerged from sciencing and artsciencing.
Book Review: Evolving Rogerian Nursing Science: John R. Phillips’ Unique Contributions, edited by Bartzak et al. (2023). Society of Rogerian Scholars
Authors: Bunkers Sandra Schmidt
Published: October 2024

This is the review of the book, Evolving Rogerian Nursing Science: John R. Phillips’ Unique Contributions (2023), edited and published by the Society of Rogerian Scholars to appreciate John R. Phillips’ contribution to the science of unitary human beings. This book gives nurse scholars a clear understanding of Rogers’ unitary science of human beings and suggestions for the onward development of the discipline of nursing.
The Steps and Challenges in Preparing a Grant Application
Authors: Penckofer Sue , Martyn-Nemeth Pamela
Published: October 2024

The authors describe the phases (conceptualizing, actualizing, and ensuring success of science) necessary for developing a successful research grant application for funding. Emphasis is on the development of an important and novel research question, clear conceptualization of the study, development of specific aims, theory to guide the study, a well-designed approach, and the role of teamwork to enhance success. The challenges that can occur during these phases of grant writing are also addressed.
Risk analysis of urea manufacturing plant using fuzzy logic approach
Authors: Sahu Deepak , Bahman Anchal , Bala Murugan Karrupaiya Sathaiah , Dhurandher Bhisham Kumar , Rai Amit , Dwivedi Gaurav , Kesharvani Sujeet
Published: October 2024

The potential hazard element of chemical process industries has become severe with technological developments over the past few years. Fertilizer industries like the urea industry deal with highly toxic components in nature, causing severe consequences. This paper implements the fuzzy lambda-tau (λ-τ) approach with the Petri net (PN) model on a urea manufacturing plant. The PN model helps to reduce the complexity of the problem, whereas fuzzy logic helps to deal with the uncertainty and vagueness of data. The urea plant has been divided into three major units, that is, the reacting unit (RU), purifying unit (PU), and concentrating unit (CU). The different reliability parameters, such as failure rate, repair time, reliability, and mean time between failures (MTBF), are determined for all these units with different spread rates (±15%, ±25%, and ±35%). A significant change of around 75% and 9% was observed for overall repair time and MTBF, respectively, for a ±35% spread rate. The reliability parameters are found as a function of the square of the spread rate. These studies suggest that the PU of the urea plant is the most vulnerable one and thus requires timely maintenance to avoid any accidents in the future. Furthermore, a detailed qualitative study is done utilizing failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) to outline the numerous failure causes in order to enhance the system's availability and maintainability. The limitations of conventional FMEA are addressed in this study by obtaining fuzzy RPN values after application of the fuzzy FMEA technique. On comparison of the RPN and FRPN values, the FRPN values are found to be more reliable while prioritizing the failure causes in process industries.
Now you see them, now you don’t: performance and the politics of localizing (forced) migration governance in the Horn of Africa’s secondary cities
Authors: Kihato Caroline Wanjiku , Landau Loren B
Published: October 2024

We critically examine a multi-year initiative led by Cities Alliance with municipalities and civil society groups in Somaliland, Kenya, Uganda, and Ethiopia to respond to refugees and migration. Adapting Goffman’s work, we posit that in ambiguous and resource-scarce political environments, network success rests on supporting two “frontstages” and a shared “backstage”. On stage one, authorities “visibilize” refugees to attract funding and national support while shaping national-level norms. On stage two they make refugees “invisible” within their own development strategies, integrating displaced populations into urban planning through data collection, service investments, and inclusive strategies. In an experimental and collaborative backstage, municipal actors share resources and workshop varied scripts for their respective audiences. The initiative has lessened host–refugee tensions, strengthened municipal voices in national and regional policy fora, fostered local accountability, and created financial and bureaucratic resources better able to outlast the vagaries of humanitarian or emergency aid.
British Association of Sexual Health and HIV UK national guideline for the management of anogenital herpes, 2024
Authors: Patel Raj , Green John , Moran Benjamin , Clarke Emily , Seneviratne Kanchana , Evans Ceri , Young Felicity , Nicholson Marian , Pelosi Emanuela , Kingston Margaret , Foley Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

The guideline provides recommendations on the management of adults with anogenital herpes in the UK. Recommendations include diagnostic tests, management of the primary or first episode of anogenital herpes and recurrences, effectiveness of therapy, prophylaxis, and prevention of transmission between partners, as well as patient centred counselling.
Role of sociodemographic characteristics on self-stigma among young MSM living with HIV in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alfieri Alessandro , Rusetiyanti Nurwestu , Susetiati Devi Artami , Radiono Sunardi , Marchira Carla Raymondalexas , Pudjiati Satiti Retno
Published: October 2024

Background

Our study aimed to determine the role of sociodemographic characteristics on self-stigma among young men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Methods

This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from August-November 2022. Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics at Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The Indonesian version of the Berger HIV Stigma Scale measured self-stigma. The statistical analysis utilized a 95% confidence level and determined significance by p-values <0.05.

Results

72 young MSM were enrolled and completed questionnaires assessing sociodemographic and self-stigma. The average self-stigma score was 98.97. Education level was significantly associated with severe self-stigma in the bivariate analysis ( p < .05). In the multivariate analysis, those with higher levels of education were significantly more likely to experience severe self-stigma (r = 2.938, p < .05). Employment status, family support, and education level were significantly associated with increased concerns in the disclosure, negative self-image, and public attitudes subscales (all p < .05).

Conclusions

The results demonstrate associations between sociodemographic and self-stigma levels among young MSM living with HIV in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Further research regarding the educational level, employment status, and family support that can influence the perception and quality of life of PLHIV may need to be carried out.
Storminess reconstruction in the northeastern Baltic Sea region over the past 7600 years based on aeolian sand influx into coastal bogs
Authors: Vaasma Tiit , Vandel Egert , Sugita Shinya , Tõnisson Hannes , Suursaar Ülo , Kont Are , Vilumaa Kadri
Published: October 2024

This study aims to reconstruct the changes in storminess during the past 7600 years in the northeastern Baltic Sea region. For storminess reconstructions, aeolian sand influx (ASI) in coastal peat bog deposits was applied as an indicator of the past storminess. We analyzed cores from four peat bogs in the western and northern coastal areas of Estonia: the cores from Hiiumaa N, Hiiumaa SW, Saaremaa and Juminda study sites covered the past 3700, 3750, 2400, and 8400 years, respectively. The sediment chronologies were established using 36 14C dates. Image-analysis method ( ImageJ) was used to count and measure the grain size of all sand particles at every centimeter to gain high-resolution ASI records. Although minor site-to-site variations exist, all four ASI records were in general consistent, suggesting that stormier periods occurred around 7300, 6600, 5900, 4600, 3600, 2900, 2400, 2100, and 1600 cal yr BP and over the last 1200 years. The results and comparisons with other storminess and climate studies indicate a shift in climatic conditions around 2500 cal yr BP when stormy periods became more frequent. The ASI values were also high during the last millennium, suggesting either higher storminess or more suitable transport mechanisms for sand into the coastal bogs: the niveo-aeolian transport mode could have been favored in winters, especially during the Little Ice Age, and human impact on landscapes has probably increased over the past centuries.
Forensic Radiology and the Testimony of Shadows
Authors: Trabsky Marc , Gaylor Averyl
Published: October 2024

This article examines how radiological images became accepted by courts as visual evidence of death in the 20th century. Initially conceived as a speciality of photography, X-rays confounded courts, eliciting a range of judicial responses, from outright refusal to consider the images as any kind of evidence, to mocking them as cheap parlour tricks for an unwitting public, to recognising them as more reliable than the testimony of the expert witness. The article contends that courts moved towards recognising X-rays as proof of death only by both affirming forensic radiology's promise of ‘mechanical objectivity’ while acknowledging its reliance on the fallibility of ‘human subjectivity’. We suggest that this history has broader implications in socio-legal studies for comprehending how the invention of novel optical techniques continues to problematise legal epistemologies of death in the 21st century.
Socially Responsible Investment: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Goel Anshika , Sahay Namita
Published: October 2024

Socially responsible investment is one of the emerging investment themes that aim to achieve financial goals while being aware of and sensitive to the environment, society and governance. Several studies have empirically explored the field of socially responsible investing and its benefit to investors, society and the economy as a whole. However, bibliometric studies that organise the production in this field are still very scarce. The research attempts to map socially responsible investment studies at the global level that are indexed by Scopus using a bibliometric analysis that identifies trends, the state of the art and other indicators by monitoring the articles published between 2012 and 2022. A collection of 234 research studies was obtained. With the help of the VOSviewer programme, the data were processed and the outcomes were visually represented. The research examined the simultaneous occurrence of publications by year, publications by author, publication by journal, keyword trends, co-citations and bibliographic coupling. It indicates that the literature on socially responsible investing is growing at a quick pace. There are several prolific authors in this field having more than 100 citations each. In this context, the United States is the leading nation. This study highlights knowledge gaps and future directions in the field of socially responsible investment while offering insight into the current state of the art.
Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant, Enzyme-Inhibitory, and Cytotoxic Potential of Endemic Cynoglottis chetikiana subsp. chetikiana
Authors: Baran Merve Yüzbaşıoğlu , Gündoğdu Seren , Simon András , Duman Hayri , Reçber Tuba , Nemutlu Emirhan , Kuruüzüm-Uz Ayşe
Published: October 2024

Background

Cynoglottis chetikiana subsp. chetikiana, an endemic Boraginaceae plant growing in Turkey, has not been previously studied in terms of pharmacognosy. However, related species, such as Anchusa, Symphytum, and Rindera, have been known for their pharmacological effects attributed to compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and other phenol derivatives.

Purpose

This study aimed to reveal the phytochemical composition and potential biological activity of C. chetikiana.

Methods

Phytochemical profiling analysis was performed by using the liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) system. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts were evaluated on the MCF-7 mammalian breast cancer cell line by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. The in vitro α-glucosidase and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activities were assessed using literature methods. Additionally, antioxidant properties were investigated, leading to the bioactivity-guided isolation of the most active substance.

Results

LC–HRMS analysis revealed 26 major phenolic compounds and 1 pyrrolizidine alkaloid in C. chetikiana. Bioactivity-guided studies led to the isolation of a flavonoid, rutin. The n-butanol extract of the plant exhibited high antioxidant capacity and was rich in phenolic compounds. The methanol extract of C. chetikiana demonstrated low-moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 608.62 ± 7.01 µg/mL). Moreover, the methanol extract showed significant anti-tyrosinase enzyme activity (195.84 ± 5.81 mg Kojic acid equivalent/g extract), and the petroleum ether extract displayed the highest cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 76.91 ± 3.12 µg/mL).

Conclusion

This is the first phytomedicinal study report for C. chetikiana, which gives promising insight for further pharmaceutical research.
Reporting sexual harassment within the Australian legal profession
Authors: Williams Olivia
Published: October 2024

On 1 April 2022, the Law Council of Australia’s amendments to the Legal Profession Uniform Law Australian Solicitors’ Conduct Rules 2015 came into effect. These amendments sought to expand the scope of Rule 42, which prevents solicitors from engaging in conduct that constitutes sexual harassment. However, in practice this amendment may have limited effect given the ‘reasonable grounds’ requirement, the lack of deterrence achieved by orders and, most importantly, underutilisation due to underreporting. The article poses ideas to increase reporting.
Spinal Diffuse Midline Glioma H3 K27M-Altered: Report of a Rare Tumor with Extracranial Skeletal Metastases and Review of Literature
Authors: Rathi Aditi , Choudhari Amit Kumar , Chatterjee Abhishek , Sahay Ayushi , Bhattacharya Kajari , Sahu Arpita , Puranik Ameya D , Shah Aekta , Dasgupta Archya , Gupta Tejpal , Epari Sridhar
Published: October 2024

Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered is a rare and aggressive pediatric brain tumor with a grim prognosis. Diffuse midline glioma is characterized by specific molecular alterations, including H3 K27 mutations, and involves deep midline structures such as the brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord, and thalamus. These tumors present with a classic triad of symptoms and have limited surgical options due to their challenging locations. Extra-neural metastases are an unusual occurrence in diffuse midline glioma and have been rarely described. Here we report a 17-year-old girl with spinal diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant, who presented with multiple metastatic osseous lesions confirmed on biopsy of the thoracic vertebral lesion. Due to the rapid disease progression, the patient was recommended palliative therapy. Extra-neural metastases in diffuse midline glioma are rare, with only 16 reported patients, and no standard therapy exists. An accurate and early diagnosis is necessary to develop a personalized plan of treatment. Further research is needed to gain insights into the molecular pathology of diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered, and improve the quality of life and the outcome of patients with this deadly disease.
Prenatal Substance Exposure and Infant Discharge Placement: Results From the ACT NOW Study
Authors: Gissandaner Tre D. , Gette Jordan A. , Perry Kristin J. , Wen Alainna , Regan Timothy , Mutignani Lauren M. , Sarver Dustin E. , Lim Crystal S. , Annett Robert D.
Published: October 2024

It is critical that researchers gather evidence of factors that identify infants at risk of out-of-home placement based on types of substance exposures and demographic characteristics. This study applied a validated medical record data extraction tool on data derived from a multi-site ( N = 30) pediatric clinical trials network (ISPCTN) study of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal (ACT NOW study). Participants included 1808 birthing parent-infant dyads with documented NOWS scoring or prenatal opioid exposure. Non-Hispanic White pregnant persons comprised the largest proportion of the sample (69.8%), followed by Non-Hispanic Black (11.6%), Non-Hispanic Multiracial and Other race (8.5%), and Hispanic (6.2%). Most notably, infant prenatal substance exposure across alcohol, cocaine, meth/amphetamine, and opioids, had the lowest possibility of discharging to parent(s). Additionally, latent class analysis identified distinct classes of substance use during pregnancy that were associated with different probabilities of discharging to parent(s). Specifically, less than half of infants (47%–49%) in the Poly-use and Meth/amphetamine classes were discharged to their parent(s). Severity of infant withdrawal symptoms influenced placement decisions within the Poly-use and Prescription Opioid classes. Findings can inform standard practices for increasing support for pregnant persons and substance-exposed infants including identification, subsequent referrals, communication with Child Protective Services, and plans of safe care.