bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment and Mapping of Micronutrient Cation Distribution in Agricultural Research Station Soil: A Geospatial Approach
Authors: Bhil Kamlesh , Sharma M. K. , Meena Neha , Danga Narendra , Meena Rajesh , Tushar  , Choudhari Sarita , Gurjar Kamal
Published: July 2023

Aim: The objective was to construct fertility maps of the area, specifically focusing on micronutrient cations. The research aims to provide valuable insights into the spatial distribution of micronutrients, aiding in the development of targeted agricultural practices and informed decision-making.

Study Design:  Soil sampling, soil analysis and soil mapping.

Place and Duration of Study: Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj-Kota in 2019 and 2020

Methodology: The study involved the collection of 300 soil samples, with precise coordinate’s locked using GPS technology. Soil variability maps   for soil micronutrient Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu were generated by using Arc GIS 10.5 on the basis of  latitude and longitude of sample site by using hand GPS device and analyzed sample data. 

Results: The available-Zn of the soils ranged from 0.03 to 4.39 mg kg-1 with a mean value 0.61 mg kg-1, the soil falls under low (64.67%) to medium (30.33%) in available Zn. The available-Fe of the soils ranged from 1.09 to 12.54 mg kg-1 with a mean value 4.29 mg kg-1, the soils fall under low (58.00%) and medium (31.67%) categories for available Fe. The available-Mn of the soils ranged from 2.27-22.31 mg kg-1 with a mean value 5.74 mg kg-1, the soils of the farm falls under medium (28.33%) to high (69.34%) in available Mn. The available-Cu of the soils ranged from 0.32-2.25 mg kg-1 with a mean value 1.09 mg kg-1, the soil comes under high (57.00%) and very high (30.33%) categories for available Cu.

Conclusion: Spatial variability map it was found that a high amount of Zn, Mn, Fe present in the soil of field number 14 and 12A compared to other fields. The possible cause behind this may be due to adoption of organic farming practices in field number 14 and execution of integrated farming system modules in field number 12A from some year.
Estimating Marigold Cultivation Costs and Returns per Hectare in Raipur District, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Tigga Neelam Sunil , Kumar Sanjay , Rai Ajay Kumar
Published: July 2023

"Economic Analysis of Marigold Production in Raipur, Chhattisgarh" is the topic of the current study. The sample was chosen using a multistage random sampling design. The Raipur district's 1 Block, 5 Villages, and 80 marigold producers were all included in the study. By using the personal interview method, the main statistics for the season of 2023 were gathered. Different secondary sources were used to gather information on the region, production, and productivity. Tabular analysis was heavily used to achieve the study's numerous goals. The study's key findings showed that marigold production costs per 100 kilograms and cost of cultivation per hectare were respectively Rs. 68874.54 and Rs. 1003.16. There was a total net profit of Rs. 130258.8 per hectare. The return on investment was 1.89 rupees. Farmers' responses to the problems with marigold production, such as the high cost of fertilizers and pesticides, a lack of labor, and pest and disease attacks.
Risk Analysis of Occupational Hazards Using HIRADC Approach in the Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health Management System
Authors: Haristama Iffat Shafwan , Zacoeb Achfas , Susanti Lilya
Published: July 2023

The high construction intensity can increase the risk of construction work accidents if not supported by good work method planning, risk management, and supervision. Indonesian National Social Security Agency for Employment (BPJS) noted that in 2017 the number of work accidents reported reached 123,041 cases, while throughout 2018, it reached 173,105 cases. Furthermore, in 2019 it was 114,000 cases and experienced an increase in claims by 55.2% to 177,000 cases in 2020. Then, from January to September 2021, there were 82,000 work accidents and 179 occupational diseases, 65 percent of which were caused by Covid-19 [1]. One approach to risk management is Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control (HIRADC) to identify hazards, assess whether the risks on the job fall into the category of danger or very dangerous, and control the hazards that will happen. The study's objectives include identifying jobs at risk of occupational accidents during construction, analyzing the level of risk of occupational accidents to implement the occupational safety and health management system during construction, and providing control measures to reduce the risk of accidents. The results of the study stated that from a total of 49 hazard identification in the project construction work, there are 142 accident risks, with a percentage of 14% of the risks included in the high-level risk criteria, 86% included in the medium-level risk criteria, and there are no risks in the low-level risk criteria.
Health Communication Science in the Balance
Authors: Schillinger Dean , Baron Richard J.
Published: July 2023

Authors of this Viewpoint discuss the recent “pause” of the NIH Common Fund’s research program that was designed to study the communication of science and the possible detrimental effect of not addressing scientific misinformation and disinformation.
Aortic Stenosis Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Johnson Tate M. , Mahabir Chetaj A. , Yang Yangyuna , Roul Punyasha , Goldsweig Andrew M. , Binstadt Bryce A. , Baker Joshua F. , Sauer Brian C. , Cannon Grant W. , Mikuls Ted R. , England Bryant R.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Although an increased risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the risk of aortic stenosis (AS) is unknown.

Objective

To examine the risk of incident AS, aortic valve intervention, AS-related death, and risk factors for AS development in patients with RA.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study linked data from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services from 2000 to 2019. Patients with RA were matched by age, sex, and VHA enrollment year with up to 10 patients without RA. The cohort was followed until incident AS, aortic valve intervention, or death. Data were analyzed from August 23, 2022, to March 3, 2023.

Exposures

the primary exposure was the presence of RA, defined using validated RA algorithms.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Aortic stenosis was defined as a composite of inpatient or outpatient diagnoses, surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement, or AS-related death using diagnostic and procedural codes. Risk of AS development was assessed with multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for race, ethnicity, smoking status, body mass index, rurality, comorbidities, and health care use.

Results

The cohort included 73 070 patients with RA (64 008 [87.6%] males; mean [SD] age, 63.0 [11.9] years) matched with 639 268 patients without RA (554 182 [86.7%] males; mean [SD] age, 61.9 [11.7] years) and 16 109 composite AS outcomes that occurred over 6 223 150 person-years. The AS incidence rate was 3.97 (95% CI, 3.81-4.13) per 1000 person-years in patients with RA and 2.45 (95% CI, 2.41-2.49) per 1000 person-years in the control patients (absolute difference, 1.52 per 1000 person-years). Rheumatoid arthritis was associated with an increased risk of composite AS (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.41-1.55), aortic valve intervention (AHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.22-1.48), and AS-related death (AHR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.04-1.54).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, RA was associated with a higher risk of developing AS and the subsequent risks of undergoing aortic valve intervention and suffering from AS-related death. Future studies are needed to confirm whether valvular heart disease, specifically AS, may be an overlooked cardiovascular disease complication in RA.
Promyelocytic leukemia protein regulates angiogenesis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition to limit metastasis in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells
Authors: Vogiatzoglou Amalia P. , Spanou Syrago , Sachini Nikoleta , Drakos Elias , Nikolaou Christoforos , Makatounakis Takis , Kretsovali Androniki , Papamatheakis Joseph
Published: July 2023

Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) modulates diverse cell functions that contribute to both tumor suppressor and pro‐oncogenic effects, depending on the cellular context. We show here that PML knockdown (KD) in MDA‐MB‐231, but not MCF7, breast cancer cells, prolonged stem‐cell‐like survival, and increased cell proliferation and migration, which is in line with gene‐enrichment results from their RNA sequencing analysis. Of note, increased migration was accompanied by higher levels of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulator Twist‐related protein 2 (TWIST2). We showed here that PML binds to TWIST2 via its basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) region and functionally interferes with the suppression of the epithelial target of TWIST2, CD24. In addition, PML ablation in MDA‐MB‐231 cells led to higher protein levels of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF1a), resulting in a higher cell hypoxic response. Functionally, PML directly suppressed the induction of the HIF1a target gene vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFa). In line with these results, tumor xenografts of MDA‐MB‐231 PML‐KD cells had enhanced aggressive properties, including higher microvessel density, faster local growth, and higher metastatic ability, with a preference for lung. Collectively, PML suppresses the cancer aggressive behavior by multiple mechanisms that impede both the HIF–hypoxia–angiogenic and EMT pathways.
Cortical signature of depressive symptoms in frontotemporal dementia: A surface‐based analysis
Authors: Ghirelli Alma , Tafuri Benedetta , Urso Daniele , Milella Giammarco , De Blasi Roberto , Nigro Salvatore , Logroscino Giancarlo ,   for the Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives

Depressive symptoms are frequently reported in patients affected by frontotemporal dementia (FTD). At structural MRI, cortical features of depressed FTD patients have been poorly described. Our objective was to investigate correlations between cortical measures and depression severity in FTD patients.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Neuroimaging Initiative (FTLDNI) database. We included 98 controls and 92 FTD patients, n = 38 behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), n = 26 non‐fluent variant Primary Progressive Aphasia (nfvPPA), and n = 28 semantic variant Primary Progressive Aphasia (svPPA). Patients underwent clinical and cognitive evaluations, as well as a 3D T1‐weighted MRI on a 3 Tesla scanner (Siemens, Trio Tim system). Depression was evaluated by means of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Surface‐based analysis was performed on T1‐weighted images to evaluate cortical thickness, a measure of gray matter integrity, and local gyrification index (lGI), a quantitative metric of cortical folding.

Results

Patients affected by svPPA were more depressed than controls at NPI and depression severity at GDS was higher in svPPA and bvFTD. Severity of depression correlated with a decrease in lGI in left precentral and superior frontal gyrus, supramarginal and postcentral gyrus and right precentral, supramarginal, superior parietal and superior frontal gyri. Furthermore, depression severity correlated positively with cortical thickness in the left medial orbitofrontal cortex.

Discussion

We found that lGI was associated with depressive symptoms over brain regions involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. This finding provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying psychiatric symptoms in FTD.
Does Physical Activity Confound Race Differences in Osteoarthritis‐Related Functional Limitation?
Authors: Vina Ernest R. , Patel Puja , Grest Carolina Villamil , Kwoh C. Kent , Jakiela Jason T. , Bye Thomas , White Daniel K.
Published: July 2023

Objective

This study sought to determine the extent to which physical activity confounds the relation between race and the incidence of osteoarthritis (OA)‐related functional limitation.

Methods

OA Initiative study participants with or at increased risk of knee OA who wore an accelerometer were included. Race was self‐reported. Average time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (minutes per day) based on ActiGraph uniaxial accelerometer data was assessed. Functional limitation was based on the following: (1) inability to achieve a community walking speed (1.2 m/s) standard, (2) slow walking speed (<1.0 m/s), and (3) low physical functioning based on a Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC) physical function score greater than 28 of 68.

Results

African American (AA) participants (n = 226), compared with White participants (n = 1348), had a higher likelihood of developing functional limitation based on various measures. When adjusted for time in moderate to vigorous physical activity, the association between AA race and inability to walk a community walking speed slightly decreased (from relative risk [RR] 2.15, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.64–2.81, to RR 1.99, 95% CI 1.51–2.61). Association between AA race and other measures of functional limitation mildly decreased (slow walking speed: from RR 2.06, 95% CI 1.40–3.01, to RR 1.82, 95% CI 1.25–2.63; low physical functioning: from RR 3.44, 95% CI 1.96–6.03, to RR 3.10, 95% CI 1.79–5.39). When further adjusted for demographic and other clinical variables, only the association between race and low physical functioning (WOMAC) significantly decreased and no longer met statistical significance.

Conclusion

Greater physical activity is unlikely to completely make up for race differences in OA‐related functional limitation, and other barriers to health equity need to be addressed.
Coextrusion of Reaction‐Bonded Carbides by Robocasting
Authors: Gradaus Marco , Wahl Larissa , Cicconi Maria Rita , de Ligny Dominique , Travitzky Nahum
Published: July 2023

Coextrusion by robocasting is a suitable process for fabricating multimaterial ceramic structures. Herein, the robocasting process is used to fabricate core–shell structures, combined with subsequent liquid silicon infiltration (LSI). Thus, reaction‐bonded silicon carbide (RBSC), reaction‐bonded boron carbide (RBBC), and reaction‐bonded silicon–boron carbide composites are produced. The LSI process offers the possibility to circumvent high temperatures and pressures used in traditional fabrication. Pastes with high solid loading and necessary carbon content are used in order to combine the robocasting with the subsequent LSI process. The influence of the paste rheology on the sample fabrication of multimaterial core–shell structures of reaction‐bonded carbides is investigated. The key rheological data, such as the viscosities of the combined pastes, are correlated with the observations from the microstructural investigation using scanning electron microscopy. A correlation between the difference in viscosity and the core geometry can be established. Crack formation in the material combination of RBSC and RBBC is found and compared with layered multimaterial structures of reaction‐bonded carbides. Residual stresses, which can be used to explain the crack formation, are investigated using Raman spectroscopy.
Integration of Tumor Elimination And Tissue Regeneration via Selective Manipulation of Physiological Microenvironments Based on Intelligent Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Postoperative Treatment of Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Chen Li , Yang Tianfeng , Weng Lin , Chang Xiaowei , Liu Jie , Peng Xiuhong , Cheng Cheng , Han Peng , Zhang Yanmin , Chen Xin
Published: July 2023

Tumor residue and tissue damage normally occurred after surgical treatment of malignant melanoma, and the effective postoperative therapy is still a challenge because the treatment requests simultaneous but opposite manipulation of tumor cells and healthy cells. Herein, MBGP‐Gel, a thermosensitive and biodegradable hydrogel incorporating S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) loaded and N‐aminoethyl‐N’‐benzoyl thiourea (BTU) modified MSNs (MBGP NPs), was designed to utilize the significant difference of copper content between tumor cells and healthy cells to regulate various physiological microenvironments for integrative therapy of tumor elimination, metastasis inhibition and tissue regeneration. The MBGP‐Gel underwent sol‐gel transformation at body temperature after injection, and continuously released MBGP nanoparticles. In tumor cells, these nanoparticles would chelate the excess copper to inhibit the tumor migration. Meanwhile, copper was reduced to cuprous, which further catalyzed the abundant H2O2 and GSNO to produce oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), respectively. The ROS and the reaction product of ROS and NO (ONOO) would significantly damage the tumor tissue. In contrast, MBGP nanoparticles entered healthy cells only generate appropriate amount of NO to accelerate tissue healing. Both in vitro and in vivo results showed that the nanocomposite hydrogel could inhibit the growth and metastasis of malignant melanoma and promote the skin regeneration, which offered an promising strategy for postoperative treatment of various tumors.
Gel Polymer Electrolyte toward Large‐Scale Application of Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Qi Ruiyu , Tang Wenhao , Shi Yiliang , Teng Kewei , Deng Yirui , Zhang Lei , Zhang Junqing , Liu Ruiping
Published: July 2023

Aqueous zinc batteries are promising candidates for energy storage and conversion devices in the “post‐lithium” era due to their high energy density, high safety, and low cost. The electrolyte plays an important role in zinc batteries by conducting and separating the positive and negative electrodes. However, the issues of zinc dendrites growth, corrosion, by‐product formation, hydrogen evolution and leakage, and evaporation of the aqueous electrolytes affect the commercialization of the batteries. Moreover, the widely used aqueous electrolytes result in large battery sizes, which are not conducive to the emerging smart devices. The intrinsic properties of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) can solve the above problems. In order to promote the wider application of GPEs‐based zinc batteries, in this review, the working principle and the current problems of zinc batteries are first introduced, andthe merits of GPEs compared to aqueous electrolytes are then summarized. Subsequently, a series of challenges and corresponding strategies faced by GPE is discussed, and an outlook for its future development is finally proposed.
Stacking‐Controlled Growth of rBN Crystalline Films with High Nonlinear Optical Conversion Efficiency up to 1%
Authors: Qi Jiajie , Ma Chenjun , Guo Quanlin , Ma Chaojie , Zhang Zhibin , Liu Fang , Shi Xuping , Wang Li , Xue Mingshan , Wu Muhong , Gao Peng , Hong Hao , Wang Xinqiang , Wang Enge , Liu Can , Liu Kaihui
Published: July 2023

Nonlinear optical crystals lie at the core of ultrafast laser science and quantum communication technology. The emergence of 2D materials provides a revolutionary potential for nonlinear optical crystals due to their exceptionally high nonlinear coefficients. However, uncontrolled stacking orders generally induce the destructive nonlinear response due to the optical phase deviation in different 2D layers. Therefore, conversion efficiency of 2D nonlinear crystals is typically limited to less than 0.01% (far below the practical criterion of >1%). Here, crystalline films of rhombohedral boron nitride (rBN) with parallel stacked layers are controllably synthesized. This success is realized by the utilization of vicinal FeNi (111) single crystal, where both the unidirectional arrangement of BN grains into a single‐crystal monolayer and the continuous precipitation of (B,N) source for thick layers are guaranteed. The preserved in‐plane inversion asymmetry in rBN films keeps the in‐phase second‐harmonic generation field in every layer and leads to a record‐high conversion efficiency of 1% in the whole family of 2D materials within the coherence thickness of only 1.6 µm. The work provides a route for designing ultrathin nonlinear optical crystals from 2D materials, and will promote the on‐demand fabrication of integrated photonic and compact quantum optical devices.
Synthesis of 1,4‐Dicarbonyl Compounds via Visible‐Light‐Induced Decarboxylative Radical Cascade Reactions
Authors: Su Zhiyou , Zhang Jia , Lin Hou‐Wen , Liao Hongze
Published: July 2023

We herein report a method for the synthesis of 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds using light‐activated electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complexes. This multi‐component reaction involves the photoactivation of EDA complexes formed by carboxylic acid derivatives, triphenylphosphine, and sodium iodide, resulting in single‐electron reduction. The subsequent decarboxylation fragmentation leads to the formation of nucleophilic alkyl free radicals, which can undergo sequential radical coupling reactions with electron‐deficient and electron‐rich olefins. This method has been successfully applied to various aliphatic carboxylic acid derivatives, including tertiary, secondary, and primary ones, as well as multiple types of electron‐deficient olefins and enol silyl ethers. The entire process is conducted under mild conditions, indicating its potential for the synthesis of valuable synthetic compounds.
Self‐Propelled Proteomotors with Active Cell‐Free mtDNA Clearance for Enhanced Therapy of Sepsis‐Associated Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Huang Weichang , Wen Lihong , Tian Hao , Jiang Jiamiao , Liu Meihuan , Ye Yicheng , Gao Junbin , Zhang Ruotian , Wang Fei , Li Huaan , Shen Lihan , Peng Fei , Tu Yingfeng
Published: July 2023

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a frequent and serious complication of sepsis with limited therapeutic options. Gaining insights into the inflammatory dysregulation that causes sepsis‐associated ALI can help develop new therapeutic strategies. Herein, the crucial role of cell‐free mitochondrial DNA (cf‐mtDNA) in the regulation of alveolar macrophage activation during sepsis‐associated ALI is identified. Most importantly, a biocompatible hybrid protein nanomotor (NM) composed of recombinant deoxyribonuclease I (DNase‐I) and human serum albumin (HSA) via glutaraldehyde‐mediated crosslinking is prepared to obtain an inhalable nanotherapeutic platform targeting pulmonary cf‐mtDNA clearance. The synthesized DNase‐I/HSA NMs are endowed with self‐propulsive capability and demonstrate superior performances in stability, DNA hydrolysis, and biosafety. Pulmonary delivery of DNase‐I/HSA NMs effectively eliminates cf‐mtDNAs in the lungs, and also improves sepsis survival by attenuating pulmonary inflammation and lung injury. Therefore, pulmonary cf‐mtDNA clearance strategy using DNase‐I/HSA NMs is considered to be an attractive approach for sepsis‐associated ALI.
Magnetic Second‐Order Topological Insulators in 2H‐Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Liu Guodong , Jiang Haoqian , Guo Zhenzhou , Zhang Xiaoming , Jin Lei , Liu Cong , Liu Ying
Published: July 2023

The transition metal dichalcogenides, 2H‐VX2 (X = S, Se, Te), are identified as two‐dimensional second‐order topological insulator (SOTI) with a ferromagnetic ground state by first‐principles calculations. The 2H‐VX2 (X = S, Se, Te) materials have a nontrivial band gap in two spin channels is found and exhibit topologically protected corner states with spin‐polarization. These corner states only accommodate the quantized fractional charge (e/3). And the charge is bound at the corners of the nanodisk geometry 2H‐VX2 (X = S, Se, Te) in real space. The corner states are robust against symmetry‐breaking perturbations, which makes them more easily detectable in experiments. Further, it is demonstrated that the SOTI properties of 2H‐VX2 (X = S, Se, Te) materials can be maintained in the presence of spin‐orbit coupling and are stable against magnetization. Overall, the results reveal 2H‐VX2 (X = S, Se, Te) as an ideal platform for the exploration of magnetic SOTI and suggest its great potential in experimental detection.
Prospective Application, Mechanism, and Deficiency of Lithium Bis(oxalate)Borate as the Electrolyte Additive for Lithium‐Batteries
Authors: Li Jianing , Yang Jianzhong , Ji Zhaoqi , Su Min , Li Huijing , Wu Yanchao , Su Xin , Zhang Zhengcheng
Published: July 2023

Lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB) is one of the most common film‐forming electrolyte additives used in lithium ion batteries (LIBs), since it can form a dense boron‐containing polymer as a solid electrolyte interlayer (or cathode electrolyte interlayer) in order to isolate the electrode material from the electrolyte and prevent side reactions. LiBOB can serve as HF scavenger to maintain the structural integrity of electrodes via avoiding the transition metal dissolution caused by HF attack. LiBOB also can react with LiPF6 to generate lithium difluoro (oxalate)borate (LiDFOB) that can be further used as a clean‐up agent for reactive oxygen radicals. This article lists the application of LiBOB in high capacity and high voltage cathode materials, and also reviews the working mechanisms of LiBOB used in these materials to improve the performance of LIBs. Finally, it presents the current shortcomings of LiBOB and strategies to overcome these. This article is expected to provide useful insights for employing LiBOB as a feasible method of dealing with the difficulty of running high capacity LIBs stably under high voltage.
Synthesis of Secondary Trifluoromethylated Alkyl Bromides with Further Conversion to Boronic Esters and Alcohols
Authors: Li Weipiao , Mao Ting , Yang Jia‐Jia , Shang Mao‐Cai , Li Xuefei , Wang An‐Jun , Wang Pan , Zhao Liang
Published: July 2023

Secondary trifluoromethylated alkyl bromides are versatile building blocks in the synthesis of fluorine‐containing aliphatic compounds. However, current methods of preparation are limited. In this study, we have developed a general deaminative cross‐coupling of Katritzky salts with 2‐bromo‐3,3,3‐trifluoropropene (BTP) as a route to α‐trifluoromethylated alkyl bromides that is driven by an electron‐donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex. The resultant products can be readily converted to α‐trifluoromethyl borates and α‐trifluoromethyl alcohols, enriching the current toolbox for synthesizing trifluoromethylated aliphatic compounds with wide‐ranging applications.
Advancing specificity in delirium: The delirium subtyping initiative
Authors: Bowman Emily M. L. , Brummel Nathan E. , Caplan Gideon A. , Cunningham Colm , Evered Lis A. , Fiest Kirsten M. , Girard Timothy D. , Jackson Thomas A. , LaHue Sara C. , Lindroth Heidi L. , Maclullich Alasdair M. J. , McAuley Daniel F. , Oh Esther S. , Oldham Mark A. , Page Valerie J. , Pandharipande Pratik P. , Potter Kelly M. , Sinha Pratik , Slooter Arjen J. C. , Sweeney Aoife M. , Tieges Zoë , Van Dellen Edwin , Wilcox Mary Elizabeth , Zetterberg Henrik , Cunningham Emma L.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Delirium, a common syndrome with heterogeneous etiologies and clinical presentations, is associated with poor long‐term outcomes. Recording and analyzing all delirium equally could be hindering the field's understanding of pathophysiology and identification of targeted treatments. Current delirium subtyping methods reflect clinically evident features but likely do not account for underlying biology.

METHODS

The Delirium Subtyping Initiative (DSI) held three sessions with an international panel of 25 experts.

RESULTS

Meeting participants suggest further characterization of delirium features to complement the existing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition Text Revision diagnostic criteria. These should span the range of delirium‐spectrum syndromes and be measured consistently across studies. Clinical features should be recorded in conjunction with biospecimen collection, where feasible, in a standardized way, to determine temporal associations of biology coincident with clinical fluctuations.

DISCUSSION

The DSI made recommendations spanning the breadth of delirium research including clinical features, study planning, data collection, and data analysis for characterization of candidate delirium subtypes.

Highlights

Delirium features must be clearly defined, standardized, and operationalized.

Large datasets incorporating both clinical and biomarker variables should be analyzed together.

Delirium screening should incorporate communication and reasoning.
Rationalizing In Situ Active Repair in Hydrogen Evolution Photocatalysis via Non‐Invasive Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Klingler Sarah , Bagemihl Benedikt , Mengele Alexander K. , Kaufhold Simon , Myllyperkiö Pasi , Ahokas Jussi , Pettersson Mika , Rau Sven , Mizaikoff Boris
Published: July 2023

Currently, most photosensitizers and catalysts used in the field of artificial photosynthesis are still based on rare earth metals and should thus be utilized as efficiently and economically as possible. While repair of an inactivated catalyst is a potential mitigation strategy, this remains a challenge. State‐of‐the‐art methods are crucial for characterizing reaction products during photocatalysis and repair, and are currently based on invasive analysis techniques limiting real‐time access to the involved mechanisms. Herein, we use an innovative in situ technique for detecting both initially evolved hydrogen and after active repair via advanced non‐invasive rotational Raman spectroscopy. This facilitates unprecedently accurate monitoring of gaseous reaction products and insight into the mechanism of active repair during light‐driven catalysis enabling the identification of relevant mechanistic details along with innovative repair strategies.
Diboriranid σ‐Komplexe von d‐ und p‐Blockmetallen
Authors: Grewelinger Philipp , Wiesmeier Tim , Präsang Carsten , Morgenstern Bernd , Scheschkewitz David
Published: July 2023

Diboriranide sind die kleinstmöglichen monoanionischen Aromaten; dennoch sind bisher nur wenige Beispiele bekannt und ihre Reaktivität sowie Koordinationschemie noch völlig unerforscht. Wir berichten über einen einfachen Syntheseweg in drei Stufen zum ersten Peraryldiboriranid c‐(DurB)2CPh− in Form seines Lithiumsalzes über das entsprechende nicht‐klassische Diboriran, das seinerseits aus dem leicht zugänglichen 1,2‐Dichlordiboran(4) (Dur=2,3,5,6‐Tetramethylphenyl) erhalten wird. Mit der Herstellung und vollständigen Charakterisierung repräsentativer Komplexe mit Zinn, Kupfer, Gold und Zink demonstrieren wir die starke Präferenz des Diboriranids für σ‐Koordination gegenüber Hauptgruppen‐ und Übergangsmetallzentren unter Erhalt des 2e− π‐Systems des B2C‐Rings.
Semi‐Metallic Superionic Layers Suppressing Voltage Fading of Li‐Rich Layered Oxide Towards Superior‐Stable Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Qin , Yao Meng , Zhu Aipeng , Wang Qian , Wu Hao , Zhang Yun
Published: July 2023

Li‐rich layered oxides (LRLOs) with greater specific capacity density are constrained by voltage attenuation and inferior rate performance because of irreversible oxygen release, metal dissolving and poor lithium‐ion transport capacity. Herein, a simple surface modification is designed to solve the performance degradation and structural collapse of LRLOs. Combining experiments with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a semi‐metallic LiMn2O4‐like structure (LMO) with spin‐polarized conducting electrons, is introduced to the surface of the cathode restrains the activated surficial lattice oxygen ions by its stable oxygen vacancies. Additionally, Ni doping results in a fast‐ion conductor Li0.8Nb0.96Ni0.2O3structure (LNO) with lowered lithium ions diffusion barrier, which is tightly conjugating to substrate and synergistically reinforces the Li diffusion path through the cathode‐electrolyte interphase. Moreover, Mn dissolution is successfully relieved due to the decrease in Mn concentration in the coating layers. As a result, the modified material (LRLO@LMO@LNO) exhibits an ultra‐high discharge capacity of 120.4 mAh g−1even at 10 C with a very small discharge voltage attenuation of 313 mV after 600 cycles (0.52 mV per cycle) at 1 C. Undoubtedly, this method discloses a simple and effective approach to promote the practical utilization of high‐energy‐density.
Cobalt (II), Nickel (II) and Palladium (II) complexes appended terpyridine‐based ligand: Synthesis, spectral characterization, anticancer activity and apoptosis investigation
Authors: Senthilrajkapoor Pathinathan , Kalaiarasi Giriraj , Indumathy Ramasamy , Dharani Sivadasan , Lynch Vincent M. , Sathyaraj Gopal
Published: July 2023

Three new complexes containing 2‐thiophenylterpyridine (TP) ligand, namely, [Co(stpy)2]Cl2 (Co‐TP), [Ni(stpy)Cl2]2 (Ni‐TP) and [Pd(stpy)Cl]Cl (Pd‐TP) were synthesized and subsequently characterized employing various spectroscopic techniques including UV–Visible, IR, 1H NMR, EPR, and ESI‐MS analysis. ESI‐MS spectra suggested the complexes Co‐TP and Ni‐TP to be six coordinated with two ligand units and the complex Pd‐TP to be a four‐coordinated mononuclear square planar complex. The dimeric nature of the complex Ni‐TP (M2L2Cl4) was established by X‐ray diffraction analysis, which confirmed the bridging of two nickel centers by two chloride ions. The ligand and complexes were assessed for their cytotoxic behavior by using MTT colorimetric assay. The compounds TP, Co‐TP, Ni‐TP and Pd‐TP displayed significant antiproliferative activity on A549 (human lung carcinoma) and MM2 (human breast cancer) cell lines and had no toxic effect on human normal embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293). Further, the morphological changes associated with MM2 and A549 cells triggered by the tested compounds due to apoptosis have been validated with the help of AO‐EB and DAPI staining assays.
An updated synthesis of and outstanding questions in the olfactory and vomeronasal systems in bats: Genetics asks questions only anatomy can answer
Authors: Yohe Laurel R. , Krell Nicholas T.
Published: July 2023

The extensive diversity observed in bat nasal chemosensory systems has been well‐documented at the histological level. Understanding how this diversity evolved and developing hypotheses as to why particular patterns exist require a phylogenetic perspective, which was first outlined in the work of anatomist Kunwar Bhatnagar. With the onset of genetics and genomics, it might be assumed that the puzzling patterns observed in the morphological data have been clarified. However, there is still a widespread mismatch of genetic and morphological correlations among bat chemosensory systems. Novel genomic evidence has set up new avenues to explore that demand more evidence from anatomical structures. Here, we outline the progress that has been made in both morphological and molecular studies on the olfactory and vomeronasal systems in bats since the work of Bhatnagar. Genomic data of olfactory and vomeronasal receptors demonstrate the strong need for further morphological sampling, with a particular focus on receiving brain regions, glands, and ducts.
Three cuticular amides in the tripartite symbiosis of leafcutter ants
Authors: Fladerer Johannes‐Paul , Grollitsch Selina , Bucar Franz
Published: July 2023

Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) play various roles in insects' chemical ecology. As leafcutter ants live in a specific symbiosis with fungi, they harvest and with different bacteria, some of these CHCs might be associated with a mutualistic function within this symbiosis. To obtain a more precise picture in that respect we compared the CHC profiles of the leafcutter ants, Atta sexdens, Atta cephalotes, and Acromyrmex octospinosus inhabited by mutualistic bacteria with the profiles of Polyrhachis dives and Messor aciculatus by GC‐EI‐MS analysis and 28 other ant species by data from the literature. We were able to identify three alkyl amides (hexadecanamide, hexadecenamide, and tetradecanamide), occurring only in the CHC profiles of leafcutter ants inhabited by symbiotic bacteria. Our results lead to the conclusion that those alkyl amides could have a function in the tripartite symbiosis of leafcutter ants.
Optimization of 4‐amino‐pyridazin‐3(2H)‐one as a valid core scaffold for FABP4 inhibitors
Authors: Floresta Giuseppe , Crocetti Letizia , Silva Renan Rodrigues de Oliveira , Patamia Vincenzo , Mazzacuva Francesca , Chen Yu Chee Sonia , Vergelli Claudia , Cilibrizzi Agostino
Published: July 2023

Current clinical research suggests that fatty acid‐binding protein 4 inhibitors (FABP4is), which are of biological and therapeutic interest, may show potential in treating cancer and other illnesses. We sought to uncover new structures through the optimization of the previously reported 4‐amino and 4‐ureido pyridazinone‐based series of FABP4is as part of a larger research effort to create more potent FABP4 inhibitors. This led to the identification of 14e as the most potent analog with IC50 = 1.57 μM, which is lower than the IC50 of the positive control. Advanced modeling investigations and in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion ‐ toxicity calculations suggested that 14e represents a potential candidate for in vivo studies such as FABP4i.
Structural, morphological, and photoluminescence properties of RE (RE = Dy3+, Eu3+, Sm3+)‐doped CaAlBO4 phosphor synthesized by combustion method
Authors: Maske Roshana T. , Yerpude Atul N. , Wandhare Rupesh S. , Dhoble Sanjay J.
Published: July 2023

The CaAlBO4:RE (RE = Dy3+, Eu3+, Sm3+) phosphor were prepared via combustion synthesis and studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), photoluminescence (PL) spectra and CIE coordinates. The phase formation of the obtained phosphor was analyzed by XRD and the result was confirmed by standard PDF Card No. 1539083. XRD data successfully indicated pure phase of CaAlBO4 phosphor. The crystal structure of CaAlBO4 phosphor is orthorhombic with space group Ccc2 (37). The SEM image of CaAlBO4 phosphor reveals an agglomerated morphology and non‐uniform particle size. The EDS image provides evidence of the elements present and the chemical makeup of the materials. Under the 350 nm excitation, the emission spectrum of Dy3+ activated CaAlBO4 phosphor consists of two main groups of characteristic peaks located at 484 and 577 nm which are ascribed to 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 and 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transition of Dy3+ respectively. The PL emission spectra of CaAlBO4:Eu3+ phosphor shows characteristics bands observed around 591 and 613 nm, which corresponds to 5D0 → 7F1 and 5D0 → 7F2 transition of Eu3+ respectively, upon 395 nm excitation wavelength. The emission spectra of Sm3+ activated CaAlBO4 phosphor shows three characteristic bands observed at 565, 601 and 648 nm which emits yellow, orange and red color. The prominent emission peak at the wavelength 601 nm, which is attributed to 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition, displays an orange emission. The CIE color coordinates of CaAlBO4:RE (RE = Dy3+, Eu3+, Sm3+) phosphor are calculated to be (0.631, 0.368), (0.674, 0.325) and (0.073, 0.185). As per the obtained results, CaAlBO4:RE (RE = Dy3+, Eu3+, Sm3+) phosphor may be applicable in eco‐friendly lightning technology.
Sources and methods of manufacturing xanthan by fermentation of various carbon sources
Authors: Dey Rahul , Chatterji Biswa Prasun
Published: July 2023

Xanthan gum, an anionic polysaccharide with an exceptionally high molecular weight, is produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas sp. It is a versatile compound that has been utilized in various industries for decades. Xanthan gum was the second exopolysaccharide to be commercially produced, following dextran. In 1969, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved xanthan gum for use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The food industry values xanthan gum for its exceptional rheological properties, which make it a popular thickening agent in many products. Meanwhile, the cosmetics industry capitalizes on xanthan gum's ability to form stable emulsions. The industrial production process of xanthan gum involves fermenting Xanthomonas in a medium that contains glucose, sucrose, starch, etc. as a substrate and other necessary nutrients to facilitate growth. This is achieved through batch fermentation under optimal conditions. However, the increasing costs of glucose in recent years have made the production of xanthan economically unviable. Therefore, many researchers have investigated alternative, cost‐effective substrates for xanthan production, using various modified and unmodified raw materials. The objective of this analysis is to investigate how utilizing different raw materials can improve the cost‐efficient production of xanthan gum.
The impact of COVID‐19 on mortality, length of stay, and cost of care among patients with gastrointestinal malignancies: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Ulanja Mark B. , Beutler Bryce D. , Asafo‐Agyei Kwabena Oppong , Governor Samuel B. , Edusa Samuel , Antwi‐Amoabeng Daniel , Ulanja Reginald N. , Nteim Grace B. , Amankwah Millicent , Neelam Vijay , Rahman Ganiyu A. , Djankpa Francis T. , Mabrouk Tarig , Alese Olatunji B.
Published: July 2023

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and the coronavirus 19 (COVID‐19) pandemic have had a lasting impact on the care of cancer patients. The impact on patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies remains incompletely understood. We aimed to assess the impact of COVID‐19 on mortality, length of stay (LOS), and cost of care among patients with GI malignancies, and identify differences in outcomes based on primary tumor site.

Methods

We analyzed discharge encounters collected from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) between March 2020 and December 2020 using propensity score matching (PSM) and COVID‐19 as the treatment effect.

Results

Of the 87,684 patient discharges with GI malignancies, 1892 were positive for COVID‐19 (C+) and eligible for matching in the PSM model. Following PSM analysis, C+ with GI tumors demonstrated increased incidence of mortality compared to their COVID‐19‐negative (C‐) counterparts (21.3% vs. 11.9%, p < 0.001). C+ patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) had significantly higher mortality compared to those who were C‐ (40% vs. 24%; p = 0.035). In addition, C+ patients with GI tumors had a longer mean LOS (9.4 days vs. 6.9 days; p < 0.001) and increased cost of care ($26,048.29 vs. $21,625.2; p = 0.001) compared to C‐ patients. C+ patients also had higher odds of mortality secondary to myocardial infarction relative to C‐ patients (OR = 3.54, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

C+ patients with GI tumors face approximately double the odds of mortality, increased LOS, and increased cost of care compared to their C‐ counterparts. Outcome disparities were most pronounced among patients with CRC.
Efficacy of chemotherapy combined with surgical resection for gastric cancer with synchronous ovarian metastasis: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Fang Jingquan , Huang Xingmao , Chen Xiangliu , Xu Qi , Chai Tengjiao , Huang Ling , Chen Han , Chen Hang , Ye Zeyao , Du Yian , Yu Pengfei
Published: July 2023

Background

Ovarian metastasis from gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by aggressive biological behavior and poor outcome. Currently, there is no standard treatment mode for such patients. Thus, we evaluated the efficacy of conversion therapy in patients with synchronous ovarian metastasis from GC in this study.

Methods

About 219 GC patients with ovarian metastasis in 2011–2020 were enrolled. Two groups were established based on the different treatment: the conversion therapy group (chemotherapy combined with surgical resection, CS group) and the non‐conversion therapy group (NCS group). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to analyze the efficacy of different treatment modes on the prognosis of these patients.

Results

Ninety‐two patients were included according to PSM results, with 46 patients each in CS and NCS groups. The median overall survival (OS) in the CS group was notably better than that in the NCS group (p < 0.001). Twenty‐six patients (56.52%) in the CS group achieved R0 resection, and they had a better prognosis (p = 0.003). Compared with patients who underwent simultaneous gastrectomy and ovarian metastasectomy (CSb group), those who underwent ovarian metastasectomy before systemic chemotherapy (CSa group) had a higher R0 resection rate (p = 0.016) and longer survival time (p = 0.002). A total of 38 patients (41.30%) across both groups received hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), and these patients had a better survival (p = 0.043).

Conclusion

The conversion therapy is safe and effective for patients with synchronous ovarian metastasis from GC and can improve their prognosis. However, our results need to be confirmed by more randomized controlled clinical studies.
Racial differences in longitudinal toxicities of anticancer agents in early phase cancer clinical trials
Authors: Mizusawa Junki , Sato Hioryuki , Rubinstein Larry V. , Fujiwara Takeo , Yonemori Kan , Hirakawa Akihiro
Published: July 2023

Background

Racial differences have been reported in toxicity outcomes for anticancer drug treatments. However, these observations were often from studies with small sample sizes, and many only reported the maximum grade of toxicity and no longitudinal information. This current analysis aims to investigate racial differences in longitudinal toxicities using a large‐scale clinical trials database.

Methods

Early‐phase clinical trials sponsored by the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program at the National Cancer Institute, USA, that evaluated cytotoxic drugs and molecularly targeted agents between March 2000 and December 2012 were studied. Race was categorized as White, Black or African‐American, and Asian. Each toxicity's grade prevalence, mean grade at each cycle, and time to develop grade 2 or higher toxicity was evaluated.

Results

In total, 25,442 patients from 697 trials were included in this study. The number of patients categorized as White, Black, and Asian designations was 22,756 (89%), 1874 (7%), and 812 (3%), respectively. Notable findings include the rate of any grade of diarrhea in Black people was 26% and 21% lower than that of White and Asian people. The median time to the first grade 2 or higher event was 6 cycles in White people, 8 in Black people, and 6 in Asian people. The rate of any grade hyperglycemia was significantly higher in Asian people.

Conclusions

Although we identified several racial differences in longitudinal toxicities, most were of generally lower grade. Further study is needed to clarify the cause of racial differences in treatment‐associated toxicities.