bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of pre-transport diet, transport duration and transport condition on immune cell subsets, haptoglobin, cortisol and bilirubin in young veal calves
Authors: Marcato Francesca , van den Brand Henry , Jansen Christine A. , Rutten Victor P. M. G. , Kemp Bas , Engel Bas , Wolthuis-Fillerup Maaike , van Reenen Kees
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of pre-transport diets, transport durations and transport conditions on immune cell subsets, haptoglobin, cortisol and bilirubin of young calves upon arrival at the veal farm. An experiment was conducted with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 3 factors: 1) provision of rearing milk or electrolytes at the collection center (CC); 2) transport duration (6 or 18 hours) and 3) transport condition (open truck or conditioned truck). Holstein-Friesian and cross-bred calves were used (N = 368; 18 ± 4 days; 45.3 ± 3.3 kg). Blood samples were collected from calves (N = 128) at the collection center, immediately post-transport (T0) and 4, 24, 48 hours, week 1, 3 and 5 post-transport. Blood was analyzed for cortisol, bilirubin, haptoglobin, IgG and IgM. Moreover, cell counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils and eosinophils were measured in blood samples taken at the collection center and T0. In these same blood samples, different lymphocyte populations were characterized by flow cytometry, including CD14+ cells, NK cells, δγ+ T cells, CD8+ cells, CD4+ cells and CD21+ cells. Calves transported in the conditioned truck had higher amounts of white blood cell count (WBC) (Δ = 1.39 × 109/l;P= 0.01), monocytes (Δ = 0.21 × 109/l;P= 0.04), neutrophils (Δ = 0.93 × 109/l;P= 0.003), than calves transported in the open truck regardless, of pre-transport diet or transport duration. The study showed that transport condition and duration influenced parts of the innate immune system of young veal calves. Cortisol, bilirubin and WBC seemed to be connected by similar underlying mechanisms in relation to transport conditions. However, it is unclear which specific pathways in the immune system of young calves are affected by different transport conditions (e.g. temperature, humidity, draught).
The impact of information about different absolute benefits and harms on intention to participate in colorectal cancer screening: A think-aloud study and online randomised experiment
Authors: Usher-Smith Juliet A. , Mills Katie M. , Riedinger Christiane , Saunders Catherine L. , Helsingen Lise M. , Lytvyn Lyubov , Buskermolen Maaike , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris , Bretthauer Michael , Guyatt Gordon , Griffin Simon J.
Published: February 2021

Background

There is considerable heterogeneity in individuals’ risk of disease and thus the absolute benefits and harms of population-wide screening programmes. Using colorectal cancer (CRC) screening as an exemplar, we explored how people make decisions about screening when presented with information about absolute benefits and harms, and how those preferences vary with baseline risk, between screening tests and between individuals.

Method

We conducted two linked studies with members of the public: a think-aloud study exploring decision making in-depth and an online randomised experiment quantifying preferences. In both, participants completed a web-based survey including information about three screening tests (colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and faecal immunochemical testing) and then up to nine scenarios comparing screening to no screening for three levels of baseline risk (1%, 3% and 5% over 15 years) and the three screening tests. Participants reported, after each scenario, whether they would opt for screening (yes/no).

Results

Of the 20 participants in the think-aloud study 13 did not consider absolute benefits or harms when making decisions concerning CRC screening. In the online experiment (n = 978), 60% expressed intention to attend at 1% risk of CRC, 70% at 3% and 77% at 5%, with no differences between screening tests. At an individual level, 535 (54.7%) would attend at all three risk levels and 178 (18.2%) at none. The 27% whose intention varied by baseline risk were more likely to be younger, without a family history of CRC, and without a prior history of screening.

Conclusions

Most people in our population were not influenced by the range of absolute benefits and harms associated with CRC screening presented. For an appreciable minority, however, magnitude of benefit was important.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression increases with age in patients requiring mechanical ventilation
Authors: Baker Steven Andrew , Kwok Shirley , Berry Gerald J. , Montine Thomas J.
Published: February 2021

Mortality due to Covid-19 is highly associated with advanced age, owing in large part to severe lower respiratory tract infection. SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the host ACE2 receptor for infection. Whether ACE2 abundance in the lung contributes to age-associated vulnerability is currently unknown. We set out to characterize the RNA and protein expression profiles of ACE2 in aging human lung in the context of phenotypic parameters likely to affect lung physiology. Examining publicly available RNA sequencing data, we discovered that mechanical ventilation is a critical variable affecting lung ACE2 levels. Therefore, we investigated ACE2 protein abundance in patients either requiring mechanical ventilation or spontaneously breathing. ACE2 distribution and expression were determined in archival lung samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Tissues were selected from the specimen inventory at a large teaching hospital collected between 2010–2020. Twelve samples were chosen from patients receiving mechanical ventilation for acute hypoxic respiratory failure (AHRF). Twenty samples were selected from patients not requiring ventilation. We compared samples across age, ranging from 40–83 years old in the ventilated cohort and 14–80 years old in the non-ventilated cohort. Within the alveolated parenchyma, ACE2 expression is predominantly observed in type II pneumocytes (or alveolar type II / AT2 cells) and alveolar macrophages. All 12 samples from our ventilated cohort showed histologic features of diffuse alveolar damage including reactive, proliferating AT2 cells. In these cases, ACE2 was strongly upregulated with age when normalized to lung area (p = 0.004) or cellularity (p = 0.003), associated with prominent expression in AT2 cells. In non-ventilated individuals, AT2 cell reactive changes were not observed and ACE2 expression did not change with age when normalized to lung area (p = 0.231) or cellularity (p = 0.349). In summary, ACE2 expression increases with age in the setting of alveolar damage observed in patients on mechanical ventilation, providing a potential mechanism for higher Covid-19 mortality in the elderly.
Prospective observational study and serosurvey of SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic healthcare workers at a Canadian tertiary care center
Authors: Ferreira Victor H. , Chruscinski Andrzej , Kulasingam Vathany , Pugh Trevor J. , Dus Tamara , Wouters Brad , Oza Amit , Ierullo Matthew , Ku Terrance , Majchrzak-Kita Beata , Humar Sonika T. , Bahinskaya Ilona , Pinzon Natalia , Zhang Jianhua , Heisler Lawrence E. , Krzyzanowski Paul M. , Lam Bernard , Lungu Ilinca M. , Manase Dorin , Pace Krista M. , Mashouri Pouria , Brudno Michael , Garrels Michael , Mazzulli Tony , Cybulsky Myron , Humar Atul , Kumar Deepali
Published: February 2021

Health care workers (HCWs) are at higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and may play a role in transmitting the infection to vulnerable patients and members of the community. This is particularly worrisome in the context of asymptomatic infection. We performed a cross-sectional study looking at asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs. We screened asymptomatic HCWs for SARS-CoV-2 via PCR. Complementary viral genome sequencing was performed on positive swab specimens. A seroprevalence analysis was also performed using multiple assays. Asymptomatic health care worker cohorts had a combined swab positivity rate of 29/5776 (0.50%, 95%CI 0.32–0.75) relative to a comparative cohort of symptomatic HCWs, where 54/1597 (3.4%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (ratio of symptomatic to asymptomatic 6.8:1). SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among 996 asymptomatic HCWs with no prior known exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was 1.4–3.4%, depending on assay. A novel in-house Coronavirus protein microarray showed differing SARS-CoV-2 protein reactivities and helped define likely true positives vs. suspected false positives. Our study demonstrates the utility of routine screening of asymptomatic HCWs, which may help to identify a significant proportion of infections.
Non-permissive human conventional CD1c+ dendritic cells enable trans-infection of human primary renal tubular epithelial cells and protect BK polyomavirus from neutralization
Authors: Sikorski Mathieu , Coulon Flora , Peltier Cécile , Braudeau Cécile , Garcia Alexandra , Giraud Matthieu , Renaudin Karine , Kandel-Aznar Christine , Nedellec Steven , Hulin Philippe , Branchereau Julien , Véziers Joëlle , Gaboriaud Pauline , Touzé Antoine , Burlaud-Gaillard Julien , Josien Régis , McIlroy Dorian , Bressollette-Bodin Céline , Halary Franck
Published: February 2021

The BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a ubiquitous human virus that persists in the renourinary epithelium. Immunosuppression can lead to BKPyV reactivation in the first year post-transplantation in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. In KTRs, persistent DNAemia has been correlated to the occurrence of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN) that can lead to graft loss if not properly controlled. Based on recent observations that conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) specifically infiltrate PVAN lesions, we hypothesized that those cells could play a role in BKPyV infection. We first demonstrated that monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs), an in vitro model for mDCs, captured BKPyV particles through an unconventional GRAF-1 endocytic pathway. Neither BKPyV particles nor BKPyV-infected cells were shown to activate MDDCs. Endocytosed virions were efficiently transmitted to permissive cells and protected from the antibody-mediated neutralization. Finally, we demonstrated that freshly isolated CD1c+ mDCs from the blood and kidney parenchyma behaved similarly to MDDCs thus extending our results to cells of clinical relevance. This study sheds light on a potential unprecedented CD1c+ mDC involvement in the BKPyV infection as a promoter of viral spreading.
Infection rate and genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis assemblage C in Iranian stray dogs, targeting the glutamate dehydrogenase gene
Authors: Fazaeli Asghar , Kohansal Mohammad Hasan , Spotin Adel , Haniloo Ali , Nourian Abbasali , Khiabani Alireza , Siyadatpanah Abolghasem , Norouzi Roghayeh , Nissapatorn Veeranoot
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim: Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common enteric protozoan parasites in vertebrates, such as humans, domestic and wild animals, causing giardiasis. To the best of our knowledge, little is known about the genetic diversity of G. duodenalis assemblages. This study aimed to identify genetic diversity of G. duodenalis assemblages in Iranian stray dogs.

Materials and Methods: A total of 450 fecal samples were collected from 2015 to 2016 from stray dogs of Northwest Iran. All specimens were observed microscopically following concentration and flotation techniques. Subsequently, DNA samples were extracted, amplified, and sequenced targeting the glutamate dehydrogenase gene.

Results: The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis in infected dogs was estimated at 1.6%, based on microscopic and molecular diagnoses. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses indicated a high level of genetic diversity of assemblage C (haplotype diversity; 0.802).

Conclusion: The pairwise sequence distances between the identified isolates of assemblage C showed an intradiversity of 0.3%-1.3% and identity of 98.7%-100%. Current findings indicate that a significant genetic diversity of G. duodenalis assemblage C haplotypes is unequivocally circulates among stray dogs in Northwest Iran.
Synthesis of New Schiff Base of 1,3-Oxazine and 1,3-Thiazine Derivatives Derived from
4-Phenyl Substituted Chalcones and Evaluation of their Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Sharma Anupama , Khaturia Sarita , Singh Har Lal
Published: February 2021

Oxazine and thiazine heterocycles have distinctive interests due to their important class of natural and
non-natural products and exhibit high biological activities in the pharmaceutical and biological fields.
This work was planned to synthesize Schiff base of 1,3-oxazine and 1,3-thiazine derivative from
4-phenyl substituted chalcones. The structures of the newly synthesized targeted compounds were
established from UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and DFT calculations. The molecular properties
HOMO-LUMO energy, energy gap, softness and harness were calculated using DFT/B3LYP/6-311G
(d,p) basis set. in vitro Antibacterial activities of Schiff bases of 1,3-oxazines and 1,3-thiazines
derivatives were investigated against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative
bacteria (Escherichia coli) and compared with each other. It was found that thiazine derivatives showed
higher activity.
PARAMETRIZAÇÃO DO QUADRICÓPTERO CRAZYFLIE 2.0
Authors: Coury Pinto Marcela , Lima Gabriela Vieira , de Morais Aniel Silva , Korndörfer Mariana , de Souza Gabriel Felipe Vieira
Published: February 2021

O objetivo desse artigo é demonstrar a realização de experimentos para a obtenção de parâmetros físicos do quadricóptero Crazyflie 2.0, fabricado pela Bitcraze. Os parâmetros analisados foram: massa, distância entre o centro de massa e os rotores, momento de inércia dos rotores, coeficiente de empuxo e coeficiente de arrasto. Também apresenta a comparação entre os valores obtidos com os encontrados na literatura, a fim de validar os experimentos. Foram utilizados os softwares MATLAB e SolidWorks e testes experimentais usando balança de alta precisão e tacômetro.
PROPOSTA DE ALTERNATIVA EDUCACIONAL PARA O ENSINO DO ELETROMAGNETISMO
Authors: L. C. Amorim Victor Gonçalves , Campos Gustavo Lobato , dos Santos Mariana Guimarães , de Melo Natália Rodrigues , Resende Paula Carvalho
Published: February 2021

A inserção de novas tecnologias aplicadas ao ensino além de tornar as disciplinas mais atrativas, desenvolve o raciocínio lógico e mostra a aplicabilidade dos conceitos estudados. O eletromagnetismo tem suas múltiplas aplicações pouco exploradas no ensino praticado na maioria das escolas devido à alta complexidade e abstração do conteúdo. Assim, o aluno apresenta dificuldades para estabelecer relações entre o que é ensinado na sala de aula e suas aplicabilidades no cotidiano. Neste contexto, destaca-se possível e vantajosa a utilização de softwares de simulação computacional, com os quais se torna possível desenvolver algoritmos, além de idealizar e representar problemas clássicos do eletromagnetismo. Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma proposta de ensino de Eletromagnetismo utilizando o software Quickfield Student. Destaca-se que se trata de resultado preliminar de trabalho. A sua aplicabilidade até este momento é validada por meio de simulações envolvendo a Lei de Coulomb e capacitores cilíndricos. São realizadas análises qualitativas, que envolvem a conformidade com o comportamento teórico do problema físico, e quantitativas, que analisa os valores obtidos em simulação e de forma analítica. Os resultados obtidos são satisfatórios, apesar da ocorrência de erros devido à limitação da versão utilizada.
PROJETO DE UM SENSOR ULTRASSÔNICO COM VISUALIZAÇÃO DE DADOS EM TEMPO REAL UTILIZANDO EXCEL
Authors: Faro Pinto Felipe Batista , Assis José Elias Freitas , Vieira Thales Henrique de Souza , dos Santos Carlos Renato Borges , de Camargos Ana Flávia Peixoto , de Sousa Silva Felipe
Published: February 2021

- Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma implementação de um sistema sonar que registra em gráfico as leituras de posição de determinados objetos em tempo real. Foram utilizados um sensor ultrassônico, servomotor e uma placa do microcontrolador Arduino. O software utilizado para a interface gráfica foi o Excel, com o auxílio de uma ferramenta de integração entre este e a interface serial. Os dados de distância e ângulo são obtidos pelo sensor utrassônico e servomotor, respectivamente, obtendo-se leituras de ângulos entre 0° e 180°..
Thermo-fluidic transport of electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of sodium alginate based Casson nano fluid passing through a porous microtube under the effect of streaming potential
Authors: Reza Motahar , Rana Amalendu
Published: February 2021

Thermal transport characteristics of Casson nanofluid through a porous microtube is analyzed under the effect of streaming potential and constant pressure gradient with electrokinetic effect associated with applied magnetic field. An analytical solution of the velocity and temperature distribution of Casson-nano fluid through the porous microtube related to combining effects of electromagnetohydrodynamics forces under the effect of streaming potential have been obtained. The significant influences of various non-dimensional parameters on velocity and temperature profiles are discussed in this study. Also, it is revealed the impact of nano particles on flow transport and heat transfer phenomenon. Furthermore, the Nusselt number is calculated analytically. The variations of pertinent parameters such as Hartmann number, Darcy number,Casson parameter, volume friction parameter of nanoparticles, joule heating parameter are delineated graphically and discussed in details.Â Â
Assessment of the total aqueous stem bark extract of Sacoglottis gabonensis (Baille) Urban on the anatomo-histology of Wistar rat liver, kidneys and heart
Authors: Kousso Brigitte Kouassi , Boua Narcisse Gnangoran , Yao Emile Kouadio , Mama KonÃ© , AngouÃ© Paul Yapo
Published: February 2021

Sacoglottis gabonensis is a medicinal plant used traditionally for the treatment of Buruli ulcer in CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire. To ensure its effect over a long period of use, assessment of the total aqueous stem bark extract of S. gabonensis (ETASg) on anatomo-histology of Wistar rat liver, kidneys and heart was evaluated. ETASg was administered to Wistar rats at doses of 3.5; 35 and 350 mg/kg/day for 90 days. The liver of rats treated with ETASg at 35 and 350 mg/kg showed color and appearance changes with whitish nodules. Furthermore, histological architecture revealed micro-vesicular steatosis. In contrast, gross examination did not showed any change color and appearance of the kidneys and heart of the rats tested at all doses of ETASg compared to those of control rats. Histological sections of the kidneys and heart of rats tested at all doses of ETASg showed normal kidney and heart cells. After stopping the administration, the liver abnormalities disappeared at the end of the 120 days. This study revealed that the integrity of the liver tissue is preserved only with ETASg of 3.5 mg/kg. On the other hand, it is guaranteed at all the doses studied for the renal and cardiac tissues.Â
الغياب عن العمل الوظيفي وأثره في استحقاق الراتب
Authors: Ameen Mahmood M. A.
Published: February 2021

الشريعة الإسلامية و استنباطات الفقهاء القدامى وضعت من الضوابط والأسس ما يحقق للفرد حقه و استحقاقه، ويفتح أمام الدولة أبواباً شتى وطرقاً مختلفة للإصلاحات التي تُعيد الحقوقَ لأصحابها، وتضمن التوازن بين المستحقات و الواجبات، بحيث لا تطغى حقوق فئة على أخرى. لكن المشاكل والمعوقات التي تحول دون إقامة العدل ورفع الظلم وتحقيق الإصلاحات الجذرية كثيرة ومتنوعة، منها: الفساد المالي والإداري المستشري في القطاع الحكومي، وكذلك البون الشاسع والهوة الكبيرة في سُلّم الرواتب للعاملين والموظفين، والتوسع في التعيينات والترقيات الوظيفية بدون مبرر شرعي أو قانوني. ومن تلك المشاكل التي تحدث في العمل الوظيفي لدى القطاع الحكومي وتستدعي منا التعرف على أحكامها: مشكلة غياب العاملين و الموظفين عن أماكن عملهم، سواء كان الغياب بعذر أم بدونه، وأثر ذلك على رواتبهم من حيث الحل والحرمة، وتلك المشكلة هي موضوع بحثنا الذي أسميناه (الغياب عن العمل الوظيفي وأثره في استحقاق الراتب ـ دراسة فـقهية ـ). اعتمدت على المنهج الاستقرائي بجمع المواد العلمية من مظانها، والمنهج الوصفي لشرح الواقعة التي تناولها البحث، والمنهج الاستنباطي التحليلي للوقوف على الأحكام المتعلقة بالموضوع. واقتضت طبيعة البحث تقسيمه إلى:  مقدمة تتضمن عنوان البحث و أسباب اختياره و الدراسات السابقة عليه و منهجه و خطته. وإلى ثلاثة مباحث على النحو الآتي: المبحث الأول: التعريف بمصطلحات عنوان البحث. المبحث الثاني: التكييف الفقهي للعمل الوظيفي. المبحث الثالث: حكم غياب الموظف (الأجير الخاص) عن العمل وأسبابه. وخاتمة بأهم النتائج والتوصيات، وقائمة بالمصادر و المراجع.
قانون الاستثمار والمناخ الاستثماري في العراق
Authors: Ali Dliva A. , Rouhi Ebad
Published: February 2021

تقوم الاستثمارات في العراق بطرح الفرص لرأس المال المحليّ والأجنبيّ، وأن المناخ الاستثماري هو من العوامل المؤثرة والرئيسة على القرار الاستثماري، ومناخ الاستثمار عبارة عن مجمل الأوضاع والظروف المكونة للمحيط الذي تمَّت فيه العملية الاستثمارية، وأثر تلك الأوضاع والظروف على نجاح المشروعات الاستثمارية. والجدير بالذكر أنَّ العملية الإستثمارية قد تأثرت بالظروف السياسية الحالية والأمنية غير المستقرة، والتي جعلت المستثمرين لا يطمأنون من المستقبل. وكذلك ضعف القدرة الاستيعابية للاقتصاد العراقي وافتقار العراق إلى اسواق مالية متطورة، ومن المعوقات التكنولوجية وجود فجوة تكنولوجية كبيرة بين العراق وبقية بلدان العالم. وقانون الاستثمار الفدرالي رقم (١٣) لسنة ٢٠٠٦، ويهدف هذا القانون الى ضمان حقوق المستثمرين المحليين والأجانب وممتلكاتهم على حد سواء، وتلعب القوانين الاتحادية دورا مهما في تشجيع الاستثمار، وقد سعى المشرِّع إلى خلق فرص عمل والقضاء على البطالة، الا انَّه غير ملزم بتشغيل الايدي العاملة المحلية، وهذا ما نجده واضحا في نص المادة (١٢/اولا) والذي يقتضي بأنَّه (يحق للمستثمر توظيف واستخدام عاملين غير عراقيين في حالة عدم امكانية استخدام عراقي يملك المؤهلات اللازمة). وفيما يخصُّ اقليم كوردستان بوصفه إقليما اتحاديا، فقد جاءت في المادة (٥) أولاً: تشكل في الأقاليم والمحافظات غير المنتظمة بإقليم هيئات استثمار تتمتع بالشخصية المعنوية ويمثلها رئيسها أو من يخوله.
العلاقة بين المفرد والمثنى والجمع في القرآن الكريم
Authors: Rashid Bakhtiar A.
Published: February 2021

نجد في القرآن الكريم في مواضع عدة خطابات مختلفة في الآيات القرآنية وقد وقفنا عليها من خلال ستة مباحث ذكرت فيها جميع الخطابات المتنوعة بين المفرد والمثنى والجمع، إذ جاء خطاب من الله سبحانه وتعالى بالمفرد والمراد به المثنى أو الجمع وخطاب بالمثنى والمراد به المفرد أو الجمع وخطاب بالجمع والمراد به المثنى أو المفرد. و نلاحظ في هذه الآيات التنوع أيضا في توجيه الخطابات فمرة نجدها موجهة إلى الأنبياء (عليهم أفضل الصلاة والسلام) ومرة موجهة إلى المؤمنين ومرة موجهة إلى المشركين والكفار أو خطابات موجهة لبيان صورة من صور الدنيا أو الآخرة أو حالة أو موقف أو حكم شرعي، كأداء الصلاة أو صفات المسلمين، أو الخوف والفرار أو كيفية خلق الإنسان والجن. والدراسة حاولت عرض تبريرات النحاة وتفسيرهم للآيات القرآنية التي فيها مخالفات عددية - فيما بين المفرد والمثنى والجمع في العدد والشخص والنوع- وإبراز اختلافاتهم في تبرير الظاهرة وتأويلاتهم للخروج عن المطابقة، سواء أكانت تلك التبريرات لغوية تنتمي إلى السياق اللغوي، أم غير لغوية تنتمي إلى السياق الخارجي الذي يعتمد على ظروف النص ومناسبته، من أحاديث مفسرة للنص أو ربط النص بما في الواقع الخارجي من أحداث، أو أحكام شرعية.  ويحاول البحث تبيان الدوافع وراء تلك التبريرات والمنطق الذي يتحكم فيها، وربطها بالدراسات الحديثة والدراسات المقارنة على وجه الخصوص.
Entrevista a Nataša Petrešin-Bachelez, curadora interdependente
Authors: Schefer Raquel , Boieiro Catarina
Published: February 2021

Em junho de 2020, em pleno contexto pandémico, entrevistámos por videoconferência a curadora independente e interdependente Nataša Petrešin-Bachelez. A entrevista debruça-se sobre a atividade curatorial de Petrešin-Bachelez e as questões que a atravessam, abordando problemas como as práticas curatoriais situadas, o feminismo transnacional, os desafios de uma curadoria sustentável, a não-neutralidade do white cube e a necessidade de descolonizar as instituições museológicas.
LEGALITAS TEMBAKAN PERINGATAN CHINA TERHADAP PESAWAT MILITER AMERIKA DI LAUT CHINA SELATAN
Authors: Suhardi Elisabet , Lorenza Stephanie , Chairul Zulianto
Published: February 2021

Di suatu negara, laut mempunyai beragam manfaat bagi keberlangsungan hidup manusia. Mengingat pentingnya fungsi laut bagi suatu negara, dirumuskanlah aturan-aturan mengenai hukum laut internasional dan melahirkan Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa tentang Hukum Laut (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) yang disingkat menjadi UNCLOS. Walaupun telah terdapat landasan hukum laut internasional, masih banyak terjadi sengketa antar-negara mengenai wilayah laut. Misalnya adalah sengketa klaim atas Laut China Selatan oleh China yang masih berlangsung sampai sekarang. Pada 10 Agustus 2018, pesawat pengintai P-8A Poseidon milik Amerika Serikat, terbang melintasi empat pulau buatan utama di Kepulauan Spratly yang berada di wilayah laut China selatan. Selama penerbangan tersebut, awak pesawat pengintai AS mendapat enam tembakan peringatan dari militer China, menyatakan bahwa mereka berada di wilayah China dan memerintahkan pesawat untuk pergi meninggalkan tempat itu. Walaupun pesawat Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat memiliki kekebalan hukum untuk melakukan kegiatan militer yang sah di luar wilayah udara nasional negara pesisir manapun.
Poza poezją nie ma zbawienia? Kilka pytań do Zofii Król
Authors: Krajewska Joanna
Published: February 2021

Tekst jest omówieniem głównych tez książki Zofii Król Powrót do świata. Dzieje uwagi w filozofii i literaturze XX wieku. Formułuje on też kilka pytań do autorki, między innymi o zakres znaczeniowy metafor, które Król stosuje oraz o inne niż te wskazywane przez autorkę, konteksty dla rozważań o dziejach uwagi w filozofii i literaturze XX wieku.
Psychoparatekstualność życia codziennego
Authors: Goldsmith Kenneth
Published: February 2021

Artykuł opisuje doświadczenie psychoparatekstualności we współczesnym życiu codziennym. Na wybranych przykładach autor pokazał, w jaki sposób liczne zindywidualizowane, często przypadkowe dodatki do dzieł i tekstów występujące w używanych kopiach stają się tekstami właściwymi dla czyjegoś świata życia. Pozwala to na dalsze twierdzenie, iż we współczesnym środowisku medialnym paratekstualna stała się cała rzeczywistość wobec tekstów zjawiających się na ekranach laptopów i smartfonów.
„Dodatki” a kategoria jedności w poetyce klasycyzmu postanisławowskiego
Authors: Markowska Helena
Published: February 2021

Artykuł poświęcono teorii „epizodów” w poetyce polskiej dwóch pierwszych dziesięcioleci XIX wieku. Przeanalizowano w nim teksty związane z nurtem klasycyzmu postanisławowskiego, zawierające wskazania dotyczące wprowadzania do utworu literackiego fragmentów niezwiązanych z jego głównym wątkiem, zwanych ustępami. W celu odtworzenia teorii warunkującej funkcjonowanie tych swoistych „dodatków” konieczna okazała się analiza jednej z podstawowych kategorii estetycznych epoki – kategorii jedności. Zostaje ona powiązana z ówczesną teorią percepcji dzieła sztuki mającą swoje korzenie w filozofii kartezjańskiej. W ten sposób rozważania o epizodach i jedności stają się punktem wyjścia do weryfikacji obiegowych przekonań o arbitralności klasycystycznych „reguł”.
Cykl prozatorski (cykl narracyjny, cykl opowiadań)
Authors: Malicka Patrycja
Published: February 2021

Hasło ukazuje powiązania i różnice występujące pomiędzy takimi określeniami, jak cykl literacki, cykl nowelistyczny czy cykl poetycki w kontekście cyklu prozatorskiego, a także obrazuje stan badań nad zagadnieniem w Polsce. Choć badania nad zagadnieniem cykliczności interesowały już formalistów rosyjskich, tematyka ta spotkała się z zainteresowaniem w naszym kraju dopiero w latach dziewięćdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku, głównie za sprawą badaczy z Wydziału Filologicznego Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku. Tekst podejmuje próbę usystematyzowania pojęcia cykliczności w odniesieniu do prozy na podstawie prac Krystyny Jakowskiej, Bogumiły Kaniewskiej, Jana Trzynadlowskiego i Rolfa Fiegutha.
Pisanie bez słów: poetyka kontekstów Błoka
Authors: Williams Timothy
Published: February 2021

Artykuł przedstawia wkład Lidii Ginzburg w badania nad poezją Aleksandra Błoka, opisuje kontekst tego wkładu w „błokistyce” radzieckiej i rosyjskiej oraz na Zachodzie. Zwracając uwagę na fakt, że Ginzburg bardziej słynie ze swojej przełomowej monografii o dziewiętnastowiecznej prozie niż z badań nad poezją, autor streszcza jej w równym mierze przełomową, co wnikliwą teorię mechanizmu twórczości poetyckiej Błoku, w której powtarzanie kluczowych słów w stopniowo przekształcającym się kontekście tworzy potencjalnie nieskończony łańcuch wzajemnie powiązanych ze sobą znaczeń. Autor uwzględnia również niektóre możliwie porównywalne zjawiska w tradycji poezji anglojęzycznej, zaznaczając tym samym ewentualne ścieżki dla komparatystycznych badań w przyszłości.
Dwa przecinki i jeden dywiz Krystyny Miłobędzkiej
Authors: Żurek Łukasz
Published: February 2021

Artykuł-szkic interpretacyjny poświęcony jest szczegółowej, mikrologicznej analizie dwóch wierszy Krystyny Miłobędzkiej z tomiku Imiesłowy. Autor stara się pokazać, jak trzy znaki interpunkcyjne – dwa przecinki oraz jeden dywiz – potrafią diametralnie zmienić powierzchowną interpretację utworów, w której obecność wspomnianych detali zostałaby pominięta. W zakończeniu autor stawia pytanie o to, czy w ramach analizy mikrologicznej możliwe jest mówienie o oddzieleniu od siebie interpretacji od czystej nadinterpretacji filologa-kolekcjonera.
Kryminały jako literatura światowa
Authors: King Stewart
Published: February 2021

Celem tego artykułu jest przyjrzenie się prozie kryminalnej (crime fiction) w ramach koncepcji literatury światowej. Autor przekonuje, że badanie tradycji narodowych może nas wyłączyć z dialogu pomiędzy granicami i językami, pomiędzy tekstami i pisarzami. Proponuje praktykę czytania, która ma rozwinąć bardziej zróżnicowane rozumienie tego naprawdę globalnego gatunku.
Realpoetik w Polszcze
Authors: Hamerski Wojciech
Published: February 2021

Paul Hamilton przedstawił w książce Realpoetik… pomysłową próbę rewizji europejskiego romantyzmu. W swoim komparatystycznym studium zinterpretował twórczość niemieckich, francuskich i włoskich romantyków jako silnie, choć aluzyjnie upolitycznione (uwarunkowania i konsekwencje kongresu wiedeńskiego stanowią najważniejszy kontekst dla wywodów brytyjskiego badacza) rozwinięcie dawniejszego etosu republiki uczonych, a zarazem świadectwo polemicznej lektury filozofii Immanuela Kanta, przede wszystkim zaś Krytyki władzy sądzenia. Artykuł podejmuje próbę przetestowania poręczności koncepcji Hamiltona w refleksji nad literaturą polskiego romantyzmu. Istnieje wiele przeszkód w łatwej asymilacji tytułowej idei Realpoetik. Są nimi m.in. słaba i z reguły nieufna recepcja pism Kanta, ograniczona żywotność brytyjskich kontekstów literackich, stanowiących dla Hamiltona kluczowy, negatywny punkt odniesienia, oraz, być może przede wszystkim, naturalna i niewymagająca szerokich uzasadnień polityczność rodzimego romantyzmu. Na przykładzie twórczości Maurycego Mochnackiego można wykazać, że pomimo trudności w zastosowaniu tez z książki Realpoetik… na rodzimym gruncie, mogą się one okazać inspirujące w lekturze dzieł polskich romantyków, a nawet więcej, uzupełniają obraz nakreślony przez Hamiltona o ważną, a przemilczaną słowiańską perspektywę.
Napięcia kierunkowe w Śniegu
Authors: Baş Osman Fırat
Published: February 2021

Próba odwrócenia politycznej „życiowej treści” powieści Śnieg (tur. Kar) tureckiego noblisty Orhana Pamuka z artystycznej abstrakcji do rzeczywistości.
Listy i dziennik Anny Moszyńskiej: awers rozmowy, rewers szaleństwa
Authors: Misiak Iwona
Published: February 2021

Omówienie książki Anna Moszyńska. Listy z Pirny, 1850. Uzupełnione fragmentami dziennika oraz listami Piotra Moszyńskiego, którą opracowała Emilia Kolinko. Tekst zawiera rozpoznanie kierunku zarysowującego się w nowatorskim edytorstwie (zachowującym rękopiśmienny kształt dokumentów osobistych), związków tej tendencji z różnymi praktykami filologicznymi oraz krótki opis założeń serii wydawniczej Archiwum Kobiet. W recenzji sformułowane zostały m.in. pytania dotyczące związków między dziełami autobiografistyki a szaleństwem i wykluczeniem kobiet autorek. Wśród innych zagadnień pojawiają się tematy przywracania głębokiej relacji między czasem przeszłym, teraźniejszym i realnością w egodokumentach oraz towarzyszących im pracach (biografiach, kalendariach, komentarzach).
Transient simulation of laser beam propagation through turbulent cutting gas flow
Authors: Reichenzer Frieder , Dörr Stefan , Herkommer Alois
Published: February 2021

For many laser machining applications, an assist gas is required. However, for applications with high pressure or temperature gradients, the density of the assist gas is not homogeneous. Thus, the laser propagation is influenced by the density properties within the turbulent gas. In this article, an overview and example results of the influence of a nozzle geometry on the light propagation in two dimensions are presented.
Puṣpaka in the Vālmīki-Rāmāyaṇa
Authors: Feller Danielle
Published: February 2021

The story of the divine flying chariot or palace (vimāna) called Puṣpaka, “little flower”, is well-known from the Vālmīki-Rāmāyaṇa. Created by Brahmā for the god of riches Kubera, the wonderful vimāna is then taken by force by the demon Rāvaṇa. Subsequently, it becomes the property of Rāma, who has defeated Rāvaṇa in the war and who uses the chariot to fly back within a day from Laṅkā to Ayodhyā. Puṣpaka has three main functions in the text: narrative – it allows the poet to wind up his story and achieve a quick change of scene, once the war description is over; psychological – Puṣpaka is an object of envy, especially for Rāvaṇa and his rākṣasa family; theological – the possession of the divine flying palace is the visible token that its owner has obtained divine status, or that he has become the master of the world. Puṣpaka itself undergoes a striking metamorphosis in book 7 of the Rāmāyaṇa: whereas it was previously described as an inanimate object, the flying palace appears suddenly as an intelligent being endowed with speech, and even as a deity, thereby contributing to Rāma’s own prestige. Puṣpaka’s three successive owners clearly stand for the three puruṣārthas, or aims of human life: Kubera represents prosperity, Rāvaṇa pleasure and Rāma duty. This leads us to the final question: after going from artha, to kāma and then on to dharma, will Puṣpaka ultimately attain mokṣa?
Diacritics restoration based on word n-grams for Slovak texts
Authors: Toth Štefan , Zaymus Emanuel , Ďuračík Michal , Hrkút Patrik , Meško Matej
Published: February 2021

Despite the modern boom in technology, we are still faced with the fact that people write texts without diacritics. There are two main reasons for this. The first, historical reason stems from the past when the use of diacritics was troublesome and people would write text without them. The second one is the speed - typing without diacritics is usually faster. Text without diacritics is easy to understand for people, but for some types of documents, missing diacritics can cause a problem. This is also an issue when computers process such text. In this paper, we propose an algorithm based on word n-grams (a contiguous sequence of n words) that can restore diacritics of text written in the Slovak language. We also compare and evaluate our results with other algorithms developed for Slovak text.
On the connectivity of configuration graphs
Authors: Pavlov Yuriy L.
Published: February 2021

We consider configuration graphs with vertex degrees being independent identically distributed random variables. The distribution of these variables satisfies only relatively weak constraints on the probabilities of large values of degrees. For the case when the number of vertices tends to infinity, the conditions are found under which the graph is asymptotically almost surely connected. We also give estimates of the rate of convergence to zero of the probability that the graph is not connected.
In vitro and in vivo applications of Euphorbia wallichii shoot extract-mediated gold nanospheres
Authors: Ullah Rehman , Shah Sumaira , Muhammad Zahir , Shah Sajjad Ali , Faisal Shah , Khattak Umbreen , Haq Tauheed ul , Taj Akbar Muhammad
Published: February 2021

The current study was designed to investigate the potential of Euphorbia wallichii shoot extract for reducting Au3+ and stabilizing gold nanoparticles. UV-visible spectra of gold nanoparticles showed obvious surface plasmon resonance peak at 548 nm. Microscopy (SEM and TEM) showed spherical dimensions, and the energy dispersive X-ray spectra displayed the strongest optical absorption peak for gold (Au) at 2.1 keV. Dynamic light scattering spectra represent polydispersed mixture with particulate diameter of 2.5–103.2 nm. The IR spectra confirm the potential functional groups of shoot extract responsible for the reduction of Au3+ to gold nanoparticles which exhibit tremendous antibacterial potential of 76.31%, 68.47%, 79.85%, 48.10%, and 65.53% against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. Gold nanoparticles showed markedly elevated fungicidal potency compared to the shoot extract alone against the tested fungal strains. IC50 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging was 31.52, 18.29, and 15.32 µg/mL at 30, 60, and 90 min of reaction time, respectively. Both shoot extract and nanoparticles revealed 71% mortality at 100 µg/mL, with LD90 values of 310.56 µg/mL. Experimental mice acquired dose-dependent analgesia of 54.21%, 82.60%, and 86.53% when treated with gold nanoparticles at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw. Inhibition of gastrointestinal muscular contraction was 21.16%, 30.49%, and 40.19% in mice feed with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw, respectively.
Thermodynamic investigation of hydrate-based CO2 capture from simulated flue gas with new mixed promoters
Authors: Bai Jing , Cheng Canwei , Wei Yuanxia , Yan Kele , Li Pan , Fang Shuqi , Chang Chun
Published: February 2021

CO2 hydrate-based desalination (CHBD) has been developing for decades to meet the global demands of decreasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In this work, the CO2 was captured from the simulated flue gas which consists of 18.30 mol% carbon dioxide and 81.70 mol% nitrogen in the presence of tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) + cyclopentane (CP) + glucoamylase. Then the phase equilibrium data of CO2 hydrate were measured by the method of isochoric pressure-search. Among the seven cases with same concentration of TBAB (0.29 mol%) and CP (5.00 vol%) and different glucoamylase proportions (ranging from 0.00 to 20.00 wt%), the optimum concentration of glucoamylase in the mixed promoters was 3.00 wt%. The phase equilibrium data was calculated by the modified van der Waals–Platteeuw (vdW–P) model with a modification of vapor pressure of water in the empty hydrate lattice. The Peng–Robinson equation of state was used to calculate the fugacity of gas. The maximum average absolute deviation was 4.09% between the calculated results and the experimental results. It revealed that the calculated results were in good agreement with the experimental results.
Enthalpies of mixing in binary Cu–Eu and ternary Al–Cu–Eu liquid alloys
Authors: Usenko Natalia , Ivanov Michael , Kotova Natalia
Published: February 2021

The enthalpies of mixing in liquid alloys of the binary Cu-Eu and ternary Al-Cu-Eu systems were determined over a wide range of compositions by means of isoperibolic calorimetry in the temperature range 1 300 - 1450 K. The enthalpies of mixing in the Cu-Eu system demonstrate small exothermic effects (ΔHmin = -4.1 ± 0.5 kJ · mol-1at xCu = 0.70). The measurements for the liquid ternary Al- Cu-Eu alloys were performed along five sections (xCu/ xEu = 0.70/0.30; 0.50/0.50 and 0.27/0.73 for xAl changed from 0 up to 0.30 and xAl/xEu = 0.20/0.80 and 0.47/0.53 for xCu changed from 0 up to 0.30). The enthalpies of mixing in the ternary system were found to be exothermic and increasing in absolute values from the Al corner towards the Al0.40Cu0.60-Al0.60Eu0.40section and from the constituent binary Cu-Eu system towards the same section. The minimum value of the integral enthalpy of mixing is expected in the vicinity of the Al0.6Eu0.4composition of the binary constituent Al-Eu system (about -23.00 kJ · mol-1).
High temperature oxidation resistance of porous Ni–Cr–Fe materials
Authors: Wu Liang , Xiao Yifeng , Xia Xiuyan , Qian Jinwen , He Yuehui
Published: February 2021

The oxidation behavior of porous Ni-Cr-Fe materials prepared by reactive powder synthesis with different open porosity was studied in air at 6008C, 800 8C and 1 0008C. The differences in surface morphology, phase and pore structure parameters between material oxidized and non-oxidized were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and mercury intrusion. The results show that the oxidation rate of the samples which were oxidized at 600 8C for 340 h, for 560 h at 800 8C and for 560 h at 1 000 8C were 0.00027%2 h-1, 0.0558%2 h-1, and 0.64412%2 h-1, respectively. All the oxidation kinetics curves obeyed the parabolic law, exhibiting excellent high temperature oxidation resistance.
“In Imitation of Hadrian:” memory and urban construction in the Late Antique Near East
Authors: Ward Walter D.
Published: February 2021

An inscription from Scythopolis (Beth Shean/Beisan) commemorates the actions of a late fourth-century governor who “in imitation of Hadrian ... rebuilt his own mother city.” This paper explores the memory of Hadrian in the Near East. It begins by examining Hadrian’s actions in the Near East, including the period prior to becoming emperor and his visit in 129/30 CE. It finishes with a discussion of Silvanus and Scythopolis and argues that Silvanus was responsible for repairing the odeum in the city which was damaged in the 363 CE earthquake. The inscription implies that there was strong memory of Hadrian as a builder in the late antique Near East.
Improved Doubly Robust Estimation in Marginal Mean Models for Dynamic Regimes
Authors: Sun Hao , Ertefaie Ashkan , Lu Xin , Johnson Brent A.
Published: February 2021

Doubly robust (DR) estimators are an important class of statistics derived from a theory of semiparametric efficiency. They have become a popular tool in causal inference, including applications to dynamic treatment regimes. The doubly robust estimators for the mean response to a dynamic treatment regime may be conceived through the augmented inverse probability weighted (AIPW) estimating function, defined as the sum of the inverse probability weighted (IPW) estimating function and an augmentation term. The IPW estimating function of the causal estimand via marginal structural model is defined as the complete-case score function for those subjects whose treatment sequence is consistent with the dynamic regime in question divided by the probability of observing the treatment sequence given the subject's treatment and covariate histories. The augmentation term is derived by projecting the IPW estimating function onto the nuisance tangent space and has mean-zero under the truth. The IPW estimator of the causal estimand is consistent if (i) the treatment assignment mechanism is correctly modeled and the AIPW estimator is consistent if either (i) is true or (ii) nested functions of intermediate and final outcomes are correctly modeled.

Hence, the AIPW estimator is doubly robust and, moreover, the AIPW is semiparametric efficient if both (i) and (ii) are true simultaneously. Unfortunately, DR estimators can be inferior when either (i) or (ii) is true and the other false. In this case, the misspecified parts of the model can have a detrimental effect on the variance of the DR estimator. We propose an improved DR estimator of causal estimand in dynamic treatment regimes through a technique originally developed by [4] which aims to mitigate the ill-effects of model misspecification through a constrained optimization.

In addition to solving a doubly robust system of equations, the improved DR estimator simultaneously minimizes the asymptotic variance of the estimator under a correctly specified treatment assignment mechanism but misspecification of intermediate and final outcome models. We illustrate the desirable operating characteristics of the estimator through Monte Carlo studies and apply the methods to data from a randomized study of integrilin therapy for patients undergoing coronary stent implantation. The methods proposed here are new and may be used to further improve personalized medicine, in general.
Developing a futuristic multi-objective optimization of the fuel management problems for the nuclear research reactors
Authors: Hedayat A.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, at the same time, two separate objectives and two safety and operational constraints are chosen to optimize fuel reloading pattern of a Material Testing Reactor (MTR), independently and coherently. This is one of the most difficult type of engineering problems as a constrained, non-continuous, combinatorial, and fully multi-objective optimization problem. Decision space is a non-continuous multimodal space restricted by both of the combinatorial and safety constraints. A smart software application and a robust hybrid algorithm have been developed to get Pareto optimal set with respect to both of the economy of irradiating utilizations and nuclear safety based on the heuristic soft computing. The hybrid algorithm is composed of a fast and elitist Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) and a fast fitness function evaluating system based on the semi-deep learning cascade feed forward Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The smart software is used to produce database automatically required for the ANN training and test data. It can be also used to revise data accurately, impose further irradiating benefits or Operating Limits and Conditions (OLCs), and to advise the reactor supervisor on the most desire pattern based on the smart searches and filtering. The results are highly promising. For more details, optimization results dominate conventional operating core parameters, significantly. Also chosen OLCs are protected. Furthermore, this is very good practice to reach a fully developed practical application of the complex soft computing for the nuclear fuel management problems.
Naturally or artificially constructed nanocellulose architectures for epoxy composites: A review
Authors: Yu Tingting , Soomro Sumair Ahmed , Huang Fei , Wei Wei , Wang Bin , Zhou Zuowan , Hui David
Published: February 2021

Applications of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy-based composites have been highly restricted due to their high cost in the manufacturing process. Cellulose, a cheap and abundant material from nature, shows excellent mechanical property and structural stability. It shows huge potentials in substituting carbon fiber/epoxy with cellulose/epoxy composites to fulfill the great demands for composites with good performance and a reasonable price. This paper first reviews works about the preparation and regulation of cellulose materials based on the very basic concepts of top-down and bottom-up. Then research about the interfacial regulation between cellulose and epoxy has been discussed in two broad classes of covalent and non-covalent modification. Finally, the enhancement effect of cellulose reinforcement has been discussed in two broad classes of dispersive reinforcement and continuous phase reinforcement. The latter can be further divided into three classes according to the dimension feature (1D, 2D, and 3D). The results show that the nanolization of cellulose is necessary for guaranteeing the strength of composites, while the formation of macroscopic and continuous structures can ensure Young’s modulus of composites.