bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term follow-up of voice changes after cervical mediastinoscopy
Authors: Achbar Ikram , Li Wilson W. L. , Timman Simone T. , van der Heide Stefan M. , Schuurbiers Olga C. J. , van der Heijden Erik H. F. M. , Verhagen Ad F. T. M.
Published: June 2022

Background

Vocal cord palsy after cervical mediastinoscopy is usually reported at less than 1%. However, its incidence might be underestimated and no follow-up studies are available. Our study aimed to evaluate the incidence of voice changes after cervical mediastinoscopy and report on long-term outcomes, including quality of life, after at least one-year follow-up.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed, considering all patients who underwent cervical mediastinoscopy in our center between January 2011 and April 2016. Patients with pre-existing voice changes, voice changes only after pulmonary resection and patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemo(radio)therapy were excluded. Voice changes with full recovery within 14 days were attributed to intubation-related causes. Follow-up questionnaires, including the standardized Voice Handicap Index, were sent to patients with documented voice changes.

Results

Of 270 patients who were included for final analysis, 17 (6.3%) experienced voice changes after cervical mediastinoscopy, which persisted > 2 years in 4 patients (1.5%), causing mild to moderate disabilities in daily living. Twelve patients (out of 17, 71%) were referred for otolaryngology consultation, and paresis of the left vocal cord suggesting recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was confirmed in 10 (3.7% of our total study group). Additionally, 83% of the patients who were referred for otolaryngology consultation received voice treatment. Recovery rate after vocal exercises therapy and injection laryngoplasty was respectively 71% and 33%.

Conclusions

Voice changes after cervical mediastinoscopy is an underreported complication, with an incidence of at least 6.3% in our retrospective study, with persisting complaints in at least 1.5% of patients, leading to mild to moderate disabilities in daily living. These findings highlight the need for appropriate patient education for this underestimated complication, as well as the exploration of possible preventive measures.
Unraveling protein dynamics to understand the brain – the next molecular frontier
Authors: Brewer Kyle D. , Shi Sophia M. , Wyss-Coray Tony
Published: June 2022

The technological revolution to measure global gene expression at the single-cell level is currently transforming our knowledge of the brain and neurological diseases, leading from a basic understanding of genetic regulators and risk factors to one of more complex gene interactions and biological pathways. Looking ahead, our next challenge will be the reliable measurement and understanding of proteins. We describe in this review how to apply new, powerful methods of protein labeling, tracking, and detection. Recent developments of these methods now enable researchers to uncover protein mechanisms in vivo that may previously have only been hypothesized. These methods are also useful for discovering new biology because how proteins regulate systemic interactions is not well understood in most cases, such as how they travel through the bloodstream to distal targets or cross the blood–brain barrier. Genetic sequencing of DNA and RNA have enabled many great discoveries in the past 20 years, and now, the protein methods described here are creating a more complete picture of how cells to whole organisms function. It is likely that these developments will generate another transformation in biomedical research and our understanding of the brain and will ultimately allow for patient-specific medicine on a protein level.
LILRB2-mediated TREM2 signaling inhibition suppresses microglia functions
Authors: Zhao Peng , Xu Yuanzhong , Jiang Lu-Lin , Fan Xuejun , Ku Zhiqiang , Li Leike , Liu Xiaoye , Deng Mi , Arase Hisashi , Zhu Jay-Jiguang , Huang Timothy Y. , Zhao Yingjun , Zhang Chengcheng , Xu Huaxi , Tong Qingchun , Zhang Ningyan , An Zhiqiang
Published: June 2022

Background

Microglia plays crucial roles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) in association with DAP12 mediates signaling affecting microglia function. Here we study the negative regulation of TREM2 functions by leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2 (LILRB2), an inhibitory receptor bearing ITIM motifs.

Methods

To specifically interrogate LILRB2-ligand (oAβ and PS) interactions and microglia functions, we generated potent antagonistic LILRB2 antibodies with sub-nanomolar level activities. The biological effects of LILRB2 antagonist antibody (Ab29) were studied in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–derived microglia (hMGLs) for migration, oAβ phagocytosis, and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Effects of the LILRB2 antagonist antibody on microglial responses to amyloid plaques were further studied in vivo using stereotaxic grafted microglia in 5XFAD mice.

Results

We confirmed the expression of both LILRB2 and TREM2 in human brain microglia using immunofluorescence. Upon co-ligation of the LILRB2 and TREM2 by shared ligands oAβ or PS, TREM2 signaling was significantly inhibited. We identified a monoclonal antibody (Ab29) that blocks LILRB2/ligand interactions and prevents TREM2 signaling inhibition mediated by LILRB2. Further, Ab29 enhanced microglia phagocytosis, TREM2 signaling, migration, and cytokine responses to the oAβ-lipoprotein complex in hMGL and microglia cell line HMC3. In vivo studies showed significantly enhanced clustering of microglia around plaques with a prominent increase in microglial amyloid plaque phagocytosis when 5XFAD mice were treated with Ab29.

Conclusions

This study revealed for the first time the molecular mechanisms of LILRB2-mediated inhibition of TREM2 signaling in microglia and demonstrated a novel approach of enhancing TREM2-mediated microglia functions by blocking LILRB2-ligand interactions. Translationally, a LILRB2 antagonist antibody completely rescued the inhibition of TREM2 signaling by LILRB2, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for improving microglial functions.
Hypoalbuminemia predicts inferior outcome in patients with AIDS-related lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Jinxin , Xie Zhiman , Cai Shaohang , Qin Shanfang , Ruan Guangjing , Lu Aili , Wu Yihua , Chen Juanjuan , Peng Jie
Published: June 2022

Background

The prognostic value of serum albumin in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphoma (ARL) remains covered.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed de novo ARL patients from 2013 to 2019 across three centers. Factors correlated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated in Kaplan–Meier, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

A total of 86 ARL patients were enrolled with a median follow-up of 34 months. In the cohort, the OS and 2-year PFS rates were 37.5% and 35.4%, respectively. In multivariate models, older age (PFS, hazard ratios [HR] = 1.035, p = 0.037; OS, HR = 1.034, p = 0.041) and hypoalbuminemia (OS, HR = 0.910, p = 0.038) predicted inferior survival. ARL patients with hypoalbuminemia showed worse OS and 2-year PFS (p = 0.028 and p = 0.01, respectively), which was associated with poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) and higher International Prognosis Index (IPI) score.

Conclusion

In conclusion, serum albumin at diagnosis is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in AIDS-related lymphoma.
COVID-19 and abducens nerve palsy in a 9-year-old girl—case report
Authors: Capponi Martina , Cinicola Bianca Laura , Brindisi Giulia , Guido Cristiana Alessia , Torcé Maria Cristina , Zicari Anna Maria , Spalice Alberto
Published: June 2022

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Although many reports have detailed a range of neurological symptoms in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, studies of neuro-ophthalmological manifestations are still scarce.

Case presentation

We report a 9-year-old girl with abducens nerve palsy after COVID-19 with no evidence of other neurological disease on neuroimaging. At 2-month follow-up clinical conditions were improved.

Conclusions

The palsy may have occurred due to a possible post-infectious immune-mediated mechanism underlying the neuropathy, as opposed to direct viral infiltration. Despite being rare, this complication must be taken into account.
Using text and charts to provide social norm feedback to general practices with high overall and high broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing: a series of national randomised controlled trials
Authors: Gold Natalie , Sallis Anna , Saei Ayoub , Arambepola Rohan , Watson Robin , Bowen Sarah , Franklin Matija , Chadborn Tim
Published: June 2022

Background

Sending a social norms feedback letter to general practitioners who are high prescribers of antibiotics has been shown to reduce antibiotic prescribing. The 2017-9 Quality Premium for primary care in England sets a target for broad-spectrum prescribing, which should be at or below 10% of total antibiotic prescribing. We tested a social norm feedback letter that targeted broad-spectrum prescribing and the addition of a chart to a text-only letter that targeted overall prescribing.

Methods

We conducted three 2-armed randomised controlled trials, on different groups of practices: Trial A compared a broad-spectrum message and chart to the standard-practice overall prescribing letter (practices whose percentage of broad-spectrum prescribing was above 10% and who had relatively high overall prescribing). Trial C compared a broad-spectrum message and a chart to a no-letter control (practices whose percentage of broad-spectrum prescribing was above 10% and who had relatively moderate overall prescribing). Trial B compared an overall-prescribing message with a chart to the standard practice overall letter (practices whose percentage of broad-spectrum prescribing was below 10% but who had relatively high overall prescribing). Letters were posted to general practitioners, timed to be received on 1 November 2018. The primary outcomes were practices’ percentage of broad-spectrum prescribing (trials A and C) and overall antibiotic prescribing (trial B) each month from November 2018 to April 2019 (all weighted by the number and characteristics of patients registered in the practice).

Results

We randomly assigned 1909 practices; 58 closed or merged during the trial, leaving 1851 practices: 385 in trial A, 674 in trial C, and 792 in trial B. AR(1) models showed that there were no statistically significant differences in our primary outcome measures: trial A β = − .199, p = .13; trial C β = .006, p = .95; trial B β = − .0021, p = .81. In all three trials, there were statistically significant time trends, showing that overall antibiotic prescribing and total broad-spectrum prescribing were decreasing.

Conclusion

Our broad-spectrum feedback letters had no effect on broad-spectrum prescribing; adding a bar chart to a text-only letter had no effect on overall antibiotic prescribing. Broad-spectrum and overall prescribing were both decreasing over time.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03862794. March 5, 2019.
Effect of new biological patch in repairing intrauterine adhesion and improving clinical pregnancy outcome in infertile women: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pang Wen-Juan , Zhang Qing , Ding Hai-Xia , Sun Ning-Xia , Li Wen
Published: June 2022

Background

Endometrial fibrosis caused by intrauterine adhesion (IUA) can lead to hypomenorrhea, amenorrhea, and even infertility and abortion. The postoperative recurrence rate of severe IUA remains high, giving rise to low pregnancy rates. An extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, a new biological material that can promote cell proliferation and differentiation at lesions, has been widely used in general surgery and neurosurgery. The present study applied ECM scaffolds in obstetrics and gynecology for the first time to improve endometrial fibrosis, repair severe IUA, and improve pregnancy outcomes for infertile patients.

Methods

This paper presents a prospective randomized single-blind controlled superiority study of infertile women aged ≤40 years with IUA. According to the scoring criteria for IUA established by the American Fertility Society, patients with moderate or severe IUA were randomized into two groups at a ratio of 1:1; patients in the experimental group were treated with an ECM scaffold (small intestinal submucosa [SIS]) + intrauterine balloon, while patients in the control group were treated with an intrauterine balloon only. A hysteroscopic examination of adhesion repair was performed again after 2 months of postoperative hormone replacement therapy. Endometrial tissue was sampled during the two operations, and immunohistochemistry was used to observe endometrial and microvascular proliferation. After thawing and resuscitation, a postoperative frozen embryo transfer was performed on the participants in both groups, and their endometrial thickness, intrauterine volume, endometrial vascularization flow index, endometrial flow index, and uterine artery blood flow resistance were evaluated by 3D ultrasonography. The rates of embryo implantation, clinical pregnancy, and early spontaneous abortion were observed.

Discussion

The ECM scaffold (SIS) + intrauterine balloon method was able to repair endometrial fibrosis and improve IUA. This new technique represents a novel treatment method for improving the pregnancy outcome of infertile patients with moderate/severe IUA.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR2100052027. Registered on October 14, 2021.
Can the prophylactic administration of tranexamic acid reduce the blood loss after robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy? Robotic Assisted Radical Prostatectomy with tranEXamic acid (RARPEX): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Balik M. , Kosina J. , Husek P. , Pacovsky J. , Brodak M. , Cecka F.
Published: June 2022

Background

The prophylactic administration of tranexamic acid reduces blood loss during procedures at high risk of perioperative bleeding. Several studies in cardiac surgery and orthopedics confirmed this finding. The aim of this prospective, double-blind, randomized study is to evaluate the effect of tranexamic acid on peri-and postoperative blood loss and on the incidence and severity of complications.

Methods/design

Based on the results of our pilot study, we decided to conduct this prospective, double-blind, randomized trial to confirm the preliminary data. The primary endpoint is to analyze the effect of tranexamic acid on perioperative and postoperative blood loss (decrease in hemoglobin levels) in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy. The additional endpoint is to analyze the effect of tranexamic acid on postoperative complications and confirm the safety of tranexamic acid in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Discussion

No study to date has tested the prophylactic administration of tranexamic acid at the beginning of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy. This study is designed to answer the question of whether the administration of tranexamic acid might lower the blood loss after the procedure or increase the rate and severity of complications.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04319614. Registered on 25 March 2020
Combined roles of exporters in acetic acid tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zhang Xiaohuan , Nijland Jeroen G. , Driessen Arnold J. M.
Published: June 2022

Acetic acid is a growth inhibitor generated during alcoholic fermentation and pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, a major feedstock to produce bioethanol. An understanding of the acetic acid tolerance mechanisms is pivotal for the industrial production of bioethanol. One of the mechanisms for acetic acid tolerance is transporter-mediated secretion where individual transporters have been implicated. Here, we deleted the transporters Aqr1, Tpo2, and Tpo3, in various combinations, to investigate their combined role in acetic acid tolerance. Single transporter deletions did not impact the tolerance at mild acetic acid stress (20 mM), but at severe stress (50 mM) growth was decreased or impaired. Tpo2 plays a crucial role in acetic acid tolerance, while the AQR1 deletion has a least effect on growth and acetate efflux. Deletion of both Tpo2 and Tpo3 enhanced the severe growth defects at 20 mM acetic acid concomitantly with a reduced rate of acetate secretion, while TPO2 and/or TPO3 overexpression in ∆tpo2∆tpo3∆ restored the tolerance. In the deletion strains, the acetate derived from sugar metabolism accumulated intracellularly, while gene transcription analysis suggests that under these conditions, ethanol metabolism is activated while acetic acid production is reduced. The data demonstrate that Tpo2 and Tpo3 together fulfill an important role in acetate efflux and the acetic acid response.
Defining minimal detectable difference in echocardiographic measures of right ventricular function in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Mukherjee Monica , Mercurio Valentina , Balasubramanian Aparna , Shah Ami A. , Hsu Steven , Simpson Catherine E. , Damico Rachel , Kolb Todd M. , Hassoun Paul M. , Mathai Stephen C.
Published: June 2022

Background

Echocardiography (2DE) is integral for screening and longitudinal evaluation of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in systemic sclerosis (SSc). In the present study, we sought to establish the reliability, repeatability, and reproducibility of 2DE parameters in SSc patients with and without PAH and to define the minimal detectable difference (MDD), the smallest change detected beyond measurement error.

Methods

SSc patients without known PAH and with invasively confirmed PAH on stable therapies underwent 2DE with strain at two time points. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated to assess for repeatability, reliability, and reproducibility. Intra- and inter-observer agreement were assessed using intraclass correlation. Bland-Altman analysis explored the level of agreement between evaluations. MDD was calculated using the standard error of measurement for each parameter by cohort.

Results

ANOVA demonstrated few significant differences between evaluations across groups. Global right ventricular longitudinal systolic strain (GRVLSS, 9.7%) and fractional area change (FAC, 21.3%) had the largest CV, while tricuspid annular plane excursion (TAPSE), S’ wave, and right ventricular outflow track velocity time integral (RVOT VTI) were 0.87%, 3.2%, and 6.0%, respectively. Intra- and inter-observer agreement was excellent. MDD for TAPSE, FAC, S’ wave, RVOT VTI, GRVLSS, and RVSP were 0.11 cm, 0.03%, 1.27 cm/s, 0.81 cm, 1.14%, and 6.5 mmHg, respectively.

Conclusions

We demonstrate minimal measurement error in clinically important 2DE-based measures in SSc patients with and without PAH. Defining the MDD in this population has important implications for PAH screening, assessment of therapeutic response, and sample size calculations for future clinical trials.
New-onset axillary lymphangioma: a case report
Authors: Kurumety Sasha , Morris Michael , Aydi Zeynep Bostanci
Published: June 2022

Background

Lymphangioma is a rare diagnosis in adult patients and typically presents in early infancy. These tumors are a result of malformation of the lymphatic vessels and usually involve the head, neck, and axilla.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 28-year-old African female who recently immigrated from East Africa and presented to our surgical breast clinic with a large and rapidly growing left axillary mass. Initial history and evaluation were concerning for hydatid cyst; however, on surgical excision, gross appearance was consistent with cystic lymphangioma. Diagnosis was confirmed on pathology review.

Conclusions

Although lymphangiomas are typically found in young children, adults may develop these tumors in response to unknown triggers. Surgical excision is the preferred treatment.
Microbial succession and exploration of higher alcohols-producing core bacteria in northern Huangjiu fermentation
Authors: Yan Yi , Sun Leping , Xing Xuan , Wu Huijun , Lu Xin , Zhang Wei , Xu Jialiang , Ren Qing
Published: June 2022

Higher alcohols (HAs) are abundant compounds that provide important flavors in Huangjiu, but they also cause hangover. Previous studies have shown the production of HAs to be related to yeast, but the correlations between HAs and other microorganisms are rarely reported. In this study, we detected changes in levels of HAs and microbial dynamics during the Huangjiu fermentation process. Relationships were characterized using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The functional core HA-producing bacteria were selected by bidirectional orthogonal partial least squares (O2PLS). The result showed that 2-methyl-1-propanol, phenethyl alcohol and 3-methyl-1-butanol were the principle HAs present at high levels. Lactococcus and Saccharomyces were predominant at the genus level of bacteria and fungi, respectively. A total of 684 correlations between HAs and microorganisms were established. Five genera were screened as functional core HA-producing bacteria. Our findings might provide some new inspiration for controlling the content of HAs, enhancing international prestige and market expansion of Huangjiu.
Adaptive recovery of dictionary-sparse signals using binary measurements
Authors: Beheshti Hossein , Daei Sajad , Haddadi Farzan
Published: June 2022

One-bit compressive sensing (CS) is an advanced version of sparse recovery in which the sparse signal of interest can be recovered from extremely quantized measurements. Namely, only the sign of each measure is available to us. The ground-truth signal is not sparse in many applications yet can be represented in a redundant dictionary. A strong line of research has addressed conventional CS in this signal model, including its extension to one-bit measurements. However, one-bit CS suffers from an extremely large number of required measurements to achieve a predefined reconstruction error level. A common alternative to resolve this issue is to exploit adaptive schemes. We utilize an adaptive sampling strategy to recover dictionary-sparse signals from binary measurements in this work. A multi-dimensional threshold is proposed for this task to incorporate the previous signal estimates into the current sampling procedure. This strategy substantially reduces the required number of measurements for exact recovery. We show that the proposed algorithm considerably outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches through rigorous and numerical analysis.
An innovative document image binarization approach driven by the non-local p-Laplacian
Authors: Ait Bella Fatim Zahra , El Rhabi Mohammed , Hakim Abdelilah , Laghrib Amine
Published: June 2022

Text image binarization is fairly a tedious task and a significant problem in document image analysis. This process, as a necessary pretreatment for noisy images with stains, non-uniform background, or degraded text characters, can successfully improve the quality of the image and facilitate the subsequent image processing steps. A theoretically well-motivated non-local method for document image binarization is addressed in this paper. This approach enhances degraded images by estimating and then removing the undesirable background. Extensive experiments conducted on degraded document images evince the greater effectiveness of the proposed non-local algorithm.
Adaptation and validation of the Online-Fear of Missing Out Inventory into Turkish and the association with social media addiction, smartphone addiction, and life satisfaction
Authors: Bakioğlu Fuad , Deniz Metin , Griffiths Mark D. , Pakpour Amir H.
Published: June 2022

Background

In online environments, fear of missing out (FoMO) is where individuals become constantly preoccupied with what others are doing online and feel unable to log off in case they miss something. FoMO is a concept associated with the use of online social media (OSM; e.g., Facebook use, Instagram use) and various scales have been developed to assess the concept. One such scale is the Online Fear of Missing Out (On-FoMO) Inventory. The present study translated the On-FoMO Inventory into Turkish and its main aim was to test the validity and reliability of the scale. The secondary aim was to investigate the relationships between FoMO, social media addiction, smartphone addiction, and life satisfaction.

Methods

A total of 419 participants (289 females and 130 males, mean age = 25.43 years, SD = 6.37) completed a self-report questionnaire including the On-FoMO Inventory, Fear of Missing Out Scale, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. In the adaptation process of the On-FoMO Inventory, confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent validity, and reliability analyses were performed.

Results

The four-factor structure of the On-FoMO Inventory was confirmed and the Turkish version of the scale demonstrated good reliability. Online FoMO was positively related to social media addiction and smartphone addiction, and negatively related to life satisfaction.

Conclusion

The results showed that the Turkish version of the On-FoMO Inventory has strong psychometric properties.
Development of a smart tourism integration model to preserve the cultural heritage of ancient villages in Northern Guangxi
Authors: Li Wen Zhen , Zhong Hong
Published: June 2022

The modern rural areas represent a vulnerable category that is in special need of sustainable development these days. However, the practice shows that, in the twenty-first century, this sustainability can be assured through the construction of smart villages. The ultimate goal of this study was to create a model for the development of ancient Guangxi villages that will take into account the cultural and tourist dimensions and will be based on the Smart Village concept. Analysis of existing approaches to the implementation of the Smart Village initiatives as well as of regional and local regulatory documents in force allowed identifying key aspects (factors) in this respect. Local government officials, service providers, and local residents were surveyed, and the sample was 586 people. They were asked to rate the implementation in their village of key aspects of the Smart Village concept from 1 to 5 on a Likert scale (from "very bad" to "excellent"). According to the assessments collected, the top-rated and, accordingly, the most developed, was the Technological factor group, followed by the groups encompassing Culture and Tourism, then Economic, then Environmental, and Social factors. These data provided a good foundation for building a Smart Village-based model for the development of six ancient Guangxi villages, known for their unique cultural heritage (Xingping, Daxu, Huangyao, Jixiang, Fuli, and Longji Zhuang). In the future, it can be taken advantage of by government representatives and managers in respect to rural areas with conditions similar to those discussed within the limits of the current study (with certain regional adjustments).
Debriefing strategies for interprofessional simulation—a qualitative study
Authors: Holmes Catherine , Mellanby Edward
Published: June 2022

Background

Interprofessional education is becoming more common worldwide. Simulation is one format in which this can effectively take place. The debriefing after the simulation is a critical part of the simulation process as it allows reflection and discussion of concepts that arose during the simulation. Debriefing has been noted to be challenging in the literature. Debriefing after interprofessional simulation (IPS) is likely to have even more challenges, many related to the different backgrounds (profession, specialty) of the learners. This study was designed to investigate: ‘How do differing learner professions impact on delivery of post simulation debriefing after team based interprofessional simulation—what are the challenges and what strategies can be used to overcome them?’

Methods

An initial review of the literature was used to identify current understanding and potential themes requiring further exploration. Using the results from the literature as a starting point for topics and questions to be asked, semi-structured interviews were planned, with those who are experienced in debriefing after IPS. The interviews were transcribed then analysed using a framework analysis.

Results

The literature search resulted in twenty relevant papers. Four dimensions were drawn out from these papers that were directly related to debriefing after IPS: ‘the debriefer’, ‘method of debriefing’, ‘the learner’ and ‘psychological safety’. Sixteen interviews occurred between June and August 2020. Ten themes were extracted from the analysis of the transcripts of these interviews: number and specialty of debriefers, credibility, assumptions/preconceptions, nurses vs doctors, method of debriefing, the learner, hierarchy, safe learning environment, inclusion of all learners, and number of debriefers. These themes were fitted in the four dimensions identified in the literature search, and discussed as so.

Conclusion

Several challenges and strategies were identified during this study. ‘It depends’ was a common answer received in the interviews suggesting that there is very little advice that can be given that applies to every situation. The main recommendation from this study is the support for an interprofessional group of debriefers in IPS although this does introduce its own challenges. Further research is suggested around the hierarchy found in IPS debriefing and how this translates to and from clinical practice.
Fostering translational research in chronic disease management: a logic model proposal
Authors: Lavertu Gardy , Diendere Ella , Légaré France , Zomahoun Hervé Tchala Vignon , Toi Alfred Kodjo , Leblond Mathilde , Rheault Nathalie , Audet-Walsh Étienne , Beaulieu Marie-Claude , Ben Charif Ali , Blanchette Virginie , Després Jean-Pierre , Gaudreau André , Rhéaume Caroline , Tremblay Marie-Claude , Paquette Jean-Sébastien
Published: June 2022

Translational research aims at reducing gaps between fundamental scientific discoveries and real-world applications. However, the trajectory of most scientific discoveries along the translation research continuum remains highly complex. Logic models are powerful tools that can help reduce this complexity. They are often used to lay out road maps and depict the relationship between activities and their intended effects. Few if any existing tools have been designed to guide the implementation and evaluation of collaborative models between community-based primary health care and biomedical research. To address this gap, we developed a logic model in two stages: 1) a literature review; and 2) the drafting and revision of the model by experts in the field. We describe its components, including objectives, inputs, activities, target groups, outputs, and results for a collaborative model involving fundamental biomedical research and primary health care practices. Our proposed logic model provides a road map that has the potential to reduce the complexity faced by translational research in chronic diseases by providing guidelines for decision-makers. Future work should attempt to validate the model before its broad-based implementation.
Prevalence and factors associated with thirst among postsurgical patients at University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital. Institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Belete Kumlachew Geta , Ashagrie Henos Enyew , Workie Misganaw Mengie , Ahmed Seid Adem
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Thirst is a powerfully distressing sensation that occurs most frequently in the immediate postoperative period. Postoperative thirst is prevalent, the moderate-to-severe type is estimated to affect 53.2–69.8% of patients and causes significant patient discomfort.

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, and factors associated with postoperative thirst among surgical patients in PACU at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from April 20 to June 27, 2021.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A total of 424 participants were included in the study. Statistical analysis had performed using SPSS 26.00 version statistical software. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the association between the prevalence of postoperative thirst and independent variables and only variables with p-value < 0.2 were entered into the multivariable analysis. The strength of the association was presented by odds ratio and 95% Confidence interval. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result

The prevalence of postoperative thirst among postsurgical patients was 59% (95% CI = 54.74–64.13). Inadequate preloading (Adjusted odes ratio (AOR) = 2.137 95% CI 1.260–3.624), prolonged Nil Per Os (NPO) time (AOR = 13.80 95% CI 2.93–65.37), general anesthesia (AOR = 3.90 95% CI 3.56–11.25), and axillary body temperature ≥ 37.5 °C (AOR = 8.07 95% CI 3.63–17.96) were significantly associated with postoperative thirst. Low room temperature (< 20 °C) was protective for the occurrence of postoperative thirst (AOR = 0.162 95% CI 0.37–0.707).

Conclusion and recommendations

The prevalence of postoperative thirst remains high and need commitment in close monitoring of PACU patients and immediate intervention. We also urge that high-level, ongoing research be conducted in this area, as postoperative thirst is a very common problem with a lot to discover.
Direct detection of iro B, stn and hil A virulence genes in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from non-ripened cheese
Authors: Oladapo Omololu Daniel , Onifade Anthony Kayode , Bayode Michael Tosin
Published: June 2022

Background

Microorganisms' survival is based on the importance of growth factors found in the microbial environment, as well as their overwhelming appetite for survival which is controlled by their genetic material. This study was designed to investigate the virulence patterns of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium associated with soft cheese. Two hundred and sixty (260) soft cheese samples were collected from vendors at Akure, Ikare and Owo in Ondo State, Nigeria. Molecular characterization of six (6) Salmonella enterica isolates for the possession of iro B, stn, hil A and spv C gene were revealed through multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, sequencing and genome blasting, respectively.

Results

Four (4) possess only iro B; two (2) possess only stn gene; and another three (3) possess hil A gene as none of the isolates possess spv C gene. This study revealed antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is present in locally made soft cheese samples. It also revealed that virulence genes comprising hil A, stn and iro B as well as plasmids-mediating antibiotic resistance are present in S. enterica serovar typhimurium found in locally produced cheese.

Conclusions

The presence of molecularly elucidated virulence genes comprising Iro B, Stn and Hil A makes the soft cheese potentially viable for pathogenicity. This study recommends food-borne salmonellosis should be constantly monitored with appropriate cleaning of preparatory paraphernalia in cheese production. Constant sensitization of nomads to improve their awareness on milk-borne zoonosis and its associated risk factors is needed.
Are there avoidable causes of early revision total knee arthroplasty?
Authors: Roof Mackenzie A. , Kreinces Jason B. , Schwarzkopf Ran , Rozell Joshua C. , Aggarwal Vinay K.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Surgeons can improve their practice by understanding potentially avoidable reasons for early revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA). The purpose of this study is to describe potentially avoidable indications for rTKA within 5 years of the index procedure.

Methods

This retrospective observational analysis utilized the rTKA database at a large, academic orthopedic specialty hospital to identify 167 consecutive rTKA from 2014 to 2019 performed within 5 years after primary TKA (pTKA). Two fellowship-trained arthroplasty surgeons reviewed the cases to classify them as potentially avoidable or unavoidable. Unavoidable indications for rTKA included infection/wound complication, arthrofibrosis, instability due to underlying collagen disease or significant weight loss, and any traumatic event leading to pTKA failure. Potentially avoidable indications included atraumatic instability, intraoperative fracture, metal allergy, and atraumatic patellar instability or maltracking. Aseptic loosening was considered avoidable if it occurred in the presence of component malpositioning or poor cementation technique.

Results

There were 112 (67.1%) unavoidable cases and 55 avoidable cases (32.9%). Of the unavoidable cases, there were 68 rTKA for infection or wound complications (60.7%), 23 for arthrofibrosis (20.5%), 6 for instability (5.4%), 6 for postoperative fracture (5.4%), 6 for aseptic loosening (5.4%), and 3 for extensor mechanism pathology following trauma (2.6%). Of the potentially avoidable rTKA, 24 were for aseptic loosening (43.7%), 23 for atraumatic instability (41.8%), 6 for atraumatic extensor mechanism pathology (10.9%), 1 for nickel allergy (1.8%), and 1 for intraoperative fracture (1.8%).

Conclusion

These findings indicate that over 30% of early rTKA are potentially avoidable. Interventions should focus on addressing potentially avoidable causes such as short-term aseptic loosening and instability to reduce the need for costly and resource-intensive rTKA.

Level of evidence III, retrospective observational analysis
Development and characterization of mupirocin encapsulated in animal bone-derived hydroxyapatite for management of chronic wounds
Authors: Ojo Olusola Emmanuel , Ilomuanya Margaret Okonawan , Sekunowo Olatunde Israel , Gbenebor Oluwashina Philips , Adeosun Samson Oluropo
Published: June 2022

Background

Hydroxyapatite is an important biomedical material used in drug delivery owing to its excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. In this study, hydroxyapatite isolated from bovine and caprine bones was capped and used as a drug carrier to encapsulate mupirocin as an active pharmaceutical product in hydrogel formulations which were utilized in wound healing application using animal model (Wistar Rats).

Results

Characterization of the mupirocin-encapsulated hydroxyapatite using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometer revealed the active presence of mupirocin after encapsulation. The in-vitro drug release study revealed that the capped hydroxyapatite obtained from caprine bone loaded with mupirocin gave drug release rate of 84.67% of the drug within 75 min while conventional mupirocin ointment had the lowest at 27.04% within the same time. The capped hydroxyapatite obtained from bovine bone loaded with mupirocin had the highest encapsulation efficiency of 73.67%. However, the animals treated with formulation prepared from capped hydroxyapatite obtained from caprine bone loaded with mupirocin had the highest wound closure area of 377.8 mm2, while conventional mupirocin ointment had 231.5 mm2 in 16 days of treatment. All the formulations with mupirocin except the ointment showed excellent resistance against Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus of about 40 mm of inhibition zone.

Conclusions

The mupirocin encapsulated in hydroxyapatite extracted from bovine and caprine bones has been demonstrated to be more superior to the conventional ointment in the management of chronic wound conditions.
The importance of laryngoscopic findings as predictors of the treatment outcomes of laryngopharyngeal reflux: a retrospective review of 143 cases
Authors: Saha Jayanta , Biswas Debabrata , Chakraborty Rajarshi , Chatterjee Arijit , Das Abhijit
Published: June 2022

Background

Laryngopharyngeal reflux can be described as even a single episode of reflux of gastric acid peptic contents into the larynx and hypopharynx. A large number of new researches show non-acid reflux to be an important cause of LPR symptoms. The present study explores the role of laryngoscopic findings in predicting the treatment outcomes of empirical PPI therapy for LPR.

Methods

A total of 143 patients diagnosed clinically with LPR were evaluated by rigid laryngoscopy and classified into 3 groups based on the Belafsky reflux findings score, as normal (0–7), mild to moderate (8–16), and moderate to severe (17–26).

Results

Twelve out of 39 patients in the normal group, 44 out of 61 patients in the mild to moderate group, and 31 out of 43 patients in the moderate to severe group reported symptomatic improvement after 3 months of PPI therapy and lifestyle modifications. The results were statistically significant.

Conclusion

Pretherapy laryngoscopic findings can be an important predictor of successful treatment outcomes of empirical PPI therapy for LPR.
An Evidence-based Physical Therapy Prescription for Adults With X-linked Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Kanamalla Karthik , Fuchs Rebekah , Herzog Casey , Steigbigel Keith D , Macica Carolyn M
Published: June 2022

Context

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare and progressive metabolic phosphate-wasting disorder characterized by lifelong musculoskeletal comorbidities. Despite considerable physical disability, there are currently no disease-specific physical therapy (PT) recommendations for XLH designed to improve engagement and confidence in performing activities of daily living (ADL).

Objective

The objective of this patient-centered study was to develop an evidence-based PT program to address gaps in the management of adult XLH without imposing unintended harm.

Methods

Creation of the program was informed by a prior controlled clinical study to evaluate the physical and functional effect of XLH on adulthood, and guided by the physical presentation of participants, subjective data and patient goals acquired at intake, and by performance on multiple active range of motion (ROM) movements from the standing position. A weekly standardized interview process was used to assess progression of physical and functional abilities, gains and concerns, and to obtain timely feedback to inform future exercise modifications. Outcomes were evaluated using validated functional tools and subjective data obtained throughout the study.

Results

A remote 12-week PT program was created based on collected data. Open and closed kinetic-chain exercises were developed and implemented. Functional improvements were documented, and weekly surveys indicated improved abilities and confidence to engage in ADL. Minimal improvements were observed in active upper and lower extremity ROM, reflective of substantial bony restrictions characteristic of XLH.

Conclusion

This study represents the first disease-specific PT recommendations for XLH to mitigate the unique physical challenges of the adult disorder that can be modified to adapt to the current progression status of the adult disorder.
Pharmacotherapy of alcohol withdrawal syndromes – Recommendations of the Polish Psychiatric Association and the Pharmacotherapy Section of the Polish Society for Addiction Research
Authors: Mierzejewski Paweł , Bieńkowski Przemysław , Jakubczyk Andrzej , Samochowiec Jerzy , Silczuk Andrzej , Wojnar Marcin
Published: June 2022

Uzależnienie od alkoholu jest jednym z najczęstszych problemów zdrowotnych. Przewlekła konsumpcja dużych dawek alkoholu etylowego prowadzi do licznych zmian adaptacyjnych w ośrodkowym i obwodowym układzie nerwowym, w tym przede wszystkim do zmniejszenia aktywności hamujących szlaków GABA-ergicznych i wzrostu aktywności pobudzających szlaków glutaminergicznych. W przypadku odstawienia alkoholu nawet u połowy pacjentów może rozwinąć się alkoholowy zespół abstynencyjny (AZA). Niniejsze opracowanie zawiera zalecenia Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychiatrycznego i Sekcji Farmakoterapii Polskiego Towarzystwa Badań nad Uzależnieniami dotyczące farmakoterapii alkoholowych zespołów abstynencyjnych. W pracy przedstawiono etiopatogenezę, mechanizmy neuroprzekaźnikowe i receptorowe, objawy i kryteria diagnostyczne AZA, leki stosowane w terapii alkoholowych zespołów abstynencyjnych, postępowanie w niepowikłanych i powikłanych alkoholowych zespołach abstynencyjnych, omówiono postępowanie w populacjach specjalnych. Lekami pierwszego rzutu w leczeniu AZA są benzodiazepiny (BDZ). Większość badań nie wykazała przewagi którejkolwiek substancji z grupy BDZ w leczeniu AZA. Decyzja o wyborze preparatu powinna wynikać z ich właściwości farmakokinetycznych, współwystępujących chorób oraz aktualnego stanu pacjenta. Najczęściej stosowanymi BDZ są diazepam, lorazepam, oksazepam i klorazepat.
A Systematic Literature Review of Routine Activity Theory’s Applicability in Cybercrimes
Authors: Ahmad Rahayu , Thurasamy Ramayah
Published: June 2022

Cybercrimes are increasing at an alarming rate and cause detrimental effects to the victims. Routine Activity Theory (RAT) is commonly used to understand the factors influencing cybercrime victimization. However, there have been inconsistent findings on the applicability of RAT theory. This study performs a Systematic Literature Review analysis to consolidate and provide a coherent analysis of the related studies employing RAT theory for cybercrime victimization. The articles were also differentiated based on the cybercrimes topologies being investigated; (a) cybercrime dependent (hacking and malware) and (b) cybercrime enabled (phishing, fraud and identity theft). The findings suggest that a refined specification and operationalization of RAT’S construct tailoring to the types of cybercrimes can arguably yield more accurate application and interpretation of RAT Theory in cybercrimes. Consequently, this will address the inaccurate measurement issues of some of the RATS’s constructs, leading to inconclusive effects on cybercrime victimization. In addition, there is a need for more longitudinal studies to disentangle the effect of RAT’s construct during pre and post cybercrimes. Security advocates can apply the findings of this research to formulate relevant cybercrime awareness programs. The findings also shed some insights into which groups should be targeted for different cybercrime educational and awareness programs. This study can increase the awareness among citizens in terms of their online activities, their attributes and the types of protection from becoming cybercrime victims.
High-performance perovskite photodetectors based on CsPbBr3 microwire arrays: erratum
Authors: Ren Li , Gao Kunpeng , Tan Qiuhong , Qing Chen , Wang Qianjin , Yang Peizhi , Liu Yingkai
Published: June 2022

We correct two errors in our publication [Appl. Opt.
60, 8896 (2021)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.437478].
Political economy, communications discourse and media policy: The case of online news commenting in Nigeria
Authors: Apejoye Adeyanju , Simpson Seamus
Published: June 2022

This article provides a contribution to knowledge on the growth of online news commenting in Nigeria. Specifically, it accounts for factors that influence the character of the often-fractious online discursive behaviour in evidence and what communication policy understandings might be developed from this. The article innovates by deploying a combined political economy–communication policy approach with two purposes in mind. First, drawing inspiration from the criticality of political economy, it shows how the ‘representational’ role of online news media sets the context for the nature of the discourse in evidence premised on the long-established assertion that media content is not value-free but shaped by ideological positions. Second, underpinned by a recently resurfaced argument espousing the value of a combined utilization of the critical and administrative approaches to communication research, the article puts forward a set of policy-related findings for media change in Nigerian polity often characterized by significant societal disquiet.