bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of Short-Term and Ultra-Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Measurement Based on Photoplethysmogram Using Commercial Mobile Application
Authors: Alali Obadah , Noor Aimie-Salleh
Published: July 2024

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a valuable tool for assessing autonomic function and diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. Electrocardiography (ECG) is considered the gold standard for HRV measurements. Photoplethysmography (PPG), a simpler and more convenient method has emerged as an alternative to ECG for HRV measurement. As a result of this technique, many mobile applications have been developed that claim to perform real-time HRV in short periods ranging from 10 seconds to 1 minute. However, HRV requires at least 5-mintues for accurate measurements. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the validity of short-term (5 min) and ultra-short-term (<5 min) HRV measurements obtained through a commercially available smartphone app (Camera Heart Rate Variability app) and compared to a traditional PPG sensor (Shimmer3 GSR+). PPG signals were collected from 16 healthy participants and pre-processed to eliminate noise and reduce motion artifacts. A total of 12 HRV features were then extracted using time-domain analysis (TA) and frequency-domain analysis (FA). Next, HRV features were compared using correlation analysis. TA features using Camera HRV app (meanHR, AVNN, RMSDD, pNN50) showed significant correlation (r > 0.7) at a minimum duration of 0.5-minute, while SDNN required 1 minute. FA features (VLF, LF, LFnu, HFnu) required a minimum duration of 2 minute, while (HF, LF/HF, TP) required 3 minutes. In conclusion, Camera HRV app is suggested to be a valid surrogate to traditional PPG sensors and has the potential to be used in various fields.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON CYLINDER AND ITS POSITIONING AS A DRAG REDUCER ON CONTAINER LORRIES
Authors: Mohd Rizalman Muhammad Azreef Hilman , Mohd Rafie Azmin Shakrine
Published: July 2024

The most common heavy-duty vehicles for moving huge quantities of goods in both urban and rural locations are container lorries. The number of hazardous pollutants in the environment has dramatically increased as a result of the huge capacity engines on this vehicle. To solve, it makes more sense to think about enhancing vehicle design to boost aerodynamic efficiency as opposed to other worries. However, it is impossible to make significant changes to these heavy-duty vehicles without influencing how much cargo space they can hold since the original container shape is standardized worldwide. Therefore, a cylinder is proposed to be fitted onto the lorry to reduce the drag force acting on the container lorries. Thus, this study is focused on experimenting on the effects of a static cylinder that blends in with an existing container lorry model, the Mercedes Benz Actros together with a roof fairing with fenders and aims to reduce its drag force by finding the right position for the cylinder. In this research work, a study is conducted using the wind tunnel to prove the effectiveness of cylinders in reducing drag of container lorries by different cylinder position configurations. According to the experiment, Cylinder Position 2B and Position 5 are the best configurations to reduce Cd acting up the lorry.
Geometric Stiffness and Model Improvement of Rigid Elements for Preloaded Modal Analysis
Authors: Liu Yuqi , Wang Wei , Liu Tao , Wu Song , Tang Guoan
Published: July 2024

Pretension is utilized by large space structures such as deployable mesh reflector antennas and flexible solar cell wings to maintain forms and stiffness. Geometric nonlinearity must be taken into account in finite element modal analysis of their preloaded vibration modes. For detailed structural components such as hinges and connectors, modeling simplification using rigid elements is commonly adopted at preliminary design stages when global structural modes are concerned. However, the inadequate geometric stiffness of preloaded rigid elements in certain commercial solvers can lead to unacceptable computation errors, particularly in abnormalities where the zero-energy modes of free–free structures are less than six. This study derives the symmetry geometric stiffness matrix for rigid elements in equilibrium by investigating the incremental relationship between nodal loads and displacements, with full consideration of the incremental behavior of nodal moments. Case studies demonstrate that supplementing this matrix can restore all the zero-energy modes, significantly enhancing the validity of the modal analysis results. Moreover, the stiffening effects of the matrix are equivalently established by six elastic spring elements, facilitating the model improvement procedure for the preloaded rigid elements and enabling its integration into existing commercial software to solve complicated engineering problems.
Exploring the Educational Necessity of Physical Activity in Young Children Through Preservice Early Childhood Teachers’ Perceptions of Changes in Early Childhood Physical Activity Education in South Korea
Authors: Park Sunghae , Kim Yeonjae
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the educational necessity of physical activity (PA) education in children by examining the perceptional changes of preservice childhood teachers regarding PA education in children. Method: A total of 18 preservice childhood teachers, who participated in PA education classes, were analyzed according to their experiences. Results: Through the PA education classes, the preservice childhood teachers perceived PA education as (a) education that allows for the learning of another mode of expression besides language, (b) education that is faithful to the nature of children, and (c) education that facilitates integrated education. Discussion/Conclusion: The changes in the preservice childhood teachers’ perceptions toward PA education were discussed reflective of thinking by Van Manen as (a) education that they can undertake; (b) education that they have to undertake; and (c) education that is essential in childhood education, helping the teachers realize the necessity of PA in children.
ABD-3, the confluence of powerful antibacterial modalities: ABDs delivering and expressing
ls
s, the gene encoding lysostaphin
Authors: Ram Geeta , Chiu LiTing , Dey Somrita , Ross Hope F. , Cammer Michael , Novick Richard P.
Published: July 2024

In response to the antimicrobial resistance crisis, we have developed a powerful and versatile therapeutic platform, the Antibacterial Drone (ABD) system. The ABD consists of a highly mobile staphylococcal pathogenicity island re-purposed to deliver genes encoding antibacterial proteins. The chromosomally located island is induced by a co-resident helper phage, packaged in phage-like particles, and released in very high numbers upon phage-induced lysis. ABD particles specifically adsorb to bacteria causing an infection and deliver their DNA to these bacteria, where the bactericidal cargo genes are expressed, kill the bacteria, and cure the infection. Here, we report a major advance of the system, incorporation of the gene encoding a secreted, bactericidal, species-specific lytic enzyme, lysostsphin. This ABD not only kills the bacterium that has been attacked by the ABD, but also any surrounding bacteria that are sensitive to the lytic enzyme which is released by secretion and by lysis of the doomed cell. So while the killing field is thus expanded, there are no civilian casualties (bacteria that are insensitive to the ABD and its cargo protein(s) are not inadvertently killed). Without amplifying the number of ABD particles (which are not re-packaged), the expression and release of the cargo gene’s product dramatically extend the effective reach of the ABD. A cargo gene that encodes a secreted bactericidal protein also enables the treatment of a mixed bacterial infection in which one of the infecting organisms is insensitive to the ABD delivery system but is sensitive to the ABD’s secreted cargo protein.
Development of tools for the genetic manipulation of
Campylobacter
and their application to the
N-
glycosylation system of
Campylobacter hepaticus,
an emerging pathogen of poultry
Authors: McDonald Jamieson B. , Wade Ben , Andrews Daniel M. , Van Thi Thu Hao , Moore Robert J.
Published: July 2024

Various species of campylobacters cause significant disease problems in both humans and animals. The continuing development of tools and methods for genetic and molecular manipulation of campylobacters enables the detailed study of bacterial virulence and disease pathogenesis.
Campylobacter hepaticus
is an emerging pathogen that causes spotty liver disease (SLD) in poultry. SLD has a significant economic and animal welfare impact as the disease results in elevated mortalities and significant decreases in egg production. Although potential virulence genes of
C. hepaticus
have been identified, they have not been further studied and characterized, as appropriate genetic tools and methods to transform and perform mutagenesis studies in
C. hepaticus
have not been available. In this study, the genetic manipulation of
C. hepaticus
is reported, with the development of novel plasmid vectors, methods for transformation, site-specific mutagenesis, and mutant complementation. These tools were used to delete the
pglB
gene
,
an oligosaccharyltransferase, a central enzyme of the
N-
glycosylation pathway, by allelic exchange. In the mutant strain,
N
-glycosylation was completely abolished. The tools and methods developed in this study represent innovative approaches that can be applied to further explore important virulence factors of
C. hepaticus
and other closely related
Campylobacter
species.

IMPORTANCE

Spotty liver disease (SLD) of layer chickens, caused by infection with
Campylobacter hepaticus
, is a significant economic and animal welfare burden on an important food production industry. Currently, SLD is controlled using antibiotics; however, alternative intervention methods are needed due to increased concerns associated with environmental contamination with antibiotics, and the development of antimicrobial resistance in many bacterial pathogens of humans and animals. This study has developed methods that have enabled the genetic manipulation of
C. hepaticus
. To validate the methods, the
pglB
gene was inactivated by allelic exchange to produce a
C. hepaticus
strain that could no longer
N
-glycosylate proteins. Subsequently, the mutation was complemented by reintroduction of the gene in
trans
, on a plasmid vector, to demonstrate that the phenotypic changes noted were caused by the mutation of the targeted gene. The tools developed enable ongoing studies to understand other virulence mechanisms of this important emerging pathogen.
Geologic Aspects of Control of Mississippi-Atchafalaya Diversion,
Louisiana
Authors: Kolb Charles R.
Published: July 2024

One of the most important current problems with which the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, must deal in connection with navigation and flood control in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley is the threatened diversion of the lower 300 miles of the Mississippi through one of its major distributaries, the Atcha-falaya (Fig. 1).

Of primary concern was a determination of whether such a diversion would occur and, if so, how soon. A report published in 1952 concluded on the basis of geological and engineering evidence that the possible diversion would be the latest of a number of similar occurrences in the recent geologic past, and that, unless the gradually increasing amount of flow from the Mississippi through its Atchafalaya distributary is controlled, a critical state in the diversion process can be expected between 1965 and 1975 (Fisk, 1952; Kolb, 1955).

Consequently, the Corps is now in the early phases of work designed to preclude development of the Atchafalaya into the main channel of the Mississippi River. The control plan calls for maintenance of the status quo. Flow that now passes through the Atchafalaya must continue; floodwaters currently carried off through the Atchafalaya must continue to escape through this natural outlet; navigation from the Atchafalaya and the Red rivers must continue to have access to the Mississippi; and, finally, the gradual increase of flow through Old River and the Atchafalaya River must be stopped. A low-sill structure excavated to a depth of 50 feet, capable of taking water from the Mississippi
Antonio Lucchetti Dam, Puerto Rico
Authors: Kaye Clifford A.
Published: July 2024

The Antonio Lucchetti Dam is on the Rio Yauco, about 4.3 miles north of the town of Yauco, Puerto Rico. It was designed, built, and is being operated by the Puerto Rico Water Resources Authority as a unit of the Southwestern Puerto Rico Project. This project integrates six drainage basins by means of six diversion and storage dams and five tunnels. The project generates nearly 100 million kilowatt hours of hydroelectric energy annually, provides water for the irrigation of 26,000 acres in the Lajas valley and for the water supply of several towns, and furnishes a measure of flood protection for the region.

The dam is a concrete gravity structure, 175 feet in maximum height, 580 feet in length, 101,700 cubic yards in volume. It has a center spillway designed to accommodate a flood of 62,800 second feet. The dam was completed in May 1952. The site was investigated by the writer in 1950-1951 under a co-operative agreement between the Puerto Rico Water Resources authority and the U. S. Geological Survey.

Although the general location of the dam was controlled by the layout requirements of the entire project, the site was chosen to take advantage of a constriction of the valley below the confluence of the Rio Yauco and the Quebrada Grande. At the dam, the valley of the Rio Yauco is about 850 feet deep. The river is about 50 feet wide at the site and flows between steep valley sides. A vertical rock bluff about 100 feet
Upper Limit for the Superconducting Transition Temperature in Eliashberg–McMillan Theory
Authors: Sadovskii M. V.
Published: July 2024

We present simple qualitative estimates for the maximal superconducting transition temperature, which may be achieved due to electron–phonon coupling in Eliashberg–McMillan theory. It is shown that in the limit of very strong coupling the upper limit for transition temperature is determined in fact by a combination of atomic constants and density of conduction electrons.
One-to-one counselling and school attendance in the UK: a single group pre-post study
Authors: Saxton Jennifer , Toth Katalin , Ukoumunne Obioha C , Wilkinson Hannah , White Jemma , Golden Sarah , Ford Tamsin
Published: July 2024

Objective

Absence rates remain high in UK schools, with negative implications for attainment, life chances and inequality. Reasons for non-attendance are complex but include psychosocial factors. Few UK-based studies have evaluated psychosocial interventions for school attendance outcomes or its moderators. This pre-post evaluation examined the potential influence of school-based one-to-one counselling on school attendance and possible moderators.

Design and setting

Secondary analysis of routine data, collected by a national mental health provider in primary and secondary schools.

Participants

7405 pupils aged 4–19 years, with complete school attendance records at Time1 (pre-counselling term) and Time2 (the term when counselling ended).

Intervention

All participants received school-based one-to-one counselling with a trained counsellor between August 2016 and December 2019.

Outcomes

Percentage of school sessions attended (continuous) and persistent absence (binary; attending ≤90% of sessions) in a term. Potential moderators included sociodemographics, mental health and school engagement/enjoyment.

Results

Median Time1 attendance was 96%. 23.6% of participants were persistently absent. The intervention was not associated with improved percentage attendance (0.028%, 95% CI −0.160–0.216%) but was associated with 18.5% reduced odds of persistent absence (OR=0.815, 95% CI 0.729–0.911). We identified five moderators of change in attendance (interaction terms p<0.05): age group (improvements for 4–9 s; worsening for 15–19 s), improvement for some ethnicities and lower parent/carer education. Mental health and school engagement/enjoyment co-varied with attendance in expected directions.

Conclusions

One-to-one counselling may improve school attendance among persistently absent pupils, particularly at younger ages. Improving mental health and pupil engagement/enjoyment are potential intervention targets. Our hypotheses require confirmation with controlled designs.
Perioperative management of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus-associated antiphospholipid syndrome undergoing mandibular third molar surgery
Authors: Gunturu Srikanth , Chawla Jitendra , Karipineni Swetha , Jayam Cheranjeevi
Published: July 2024

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune condition characterised by recurrent venous or arterial thrombosis and pregnancy complications, with persistent antiphospholipid autoantibodies. APS is often found in conjunction with other autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE-associated APS patients may require dental procedures like tooth extractions. Due to the complex nature of this autoimmune disorder, perioperative management requires a comprehensive approach involving various medical specialists.

These patients are frequently taking medications like anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, disease-modifying drugs and immunosuppressants. This medication regimen can increase their risk of postoperative complications, including bleeding, thrombosis, delayed healing and postoperative infections. Currently, there are no established guidelines for performing tooth extractions in individuals with SLE-associated APS.

We report a case of SLE-associated APS with pericoronitis requiring surgical extraction. The purpose of this report is to offer practical recommendations for the perioperative management of dental procedures and alteration in medications used in such cases.
Tricuspid valve infective endocarditis in disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)
Authors: Cummings Shenae , Busby Darin , Hall Michael , Esquer Garrigos Zerelda
Published: July 2024

We describe a case of culture-negative infective endocarditis due toNeisseria gonorrhoeae, where the application of metagenomics shotgun sequencing in blood played a pivotal role in elucidating the underlying aetiology, guiding targeted therapy and ultimately resulting in the patient’s complete recovery. Beyond its immediate clinical impact, prompt treatment bears significant implications for public health. The utilisation of molecular testing emerges as a valuable strategy to enhance diagnostic accuracy, particularly in cases involving fastidious organisms that are infrequently associated with infective endocarditis.
Right internal juglar vein phlebectasia: a diagnostic conundrum
Authors: Lahiri Raja , Rawat Shubham Singh , Russal Starlet Abisho , Ahmed Intezar
Published: July 2024

Phlebectasia of the internal jugular vein (IJV) is an unusual vascular anomaly, particularly in paediatric patients. Here, we present a case of IJV phlebectasia of a girl in her early childhood, highlighting its clinical presentation, diagnostic workup and management. The patient presented with a painless, non-pulsatile neck mass, which was identified as an enlarged IJV on imaging studies. Since it is a benign condition, and the patient is asymptomatic, observation with regular monitoring is advised.
Application of an integrated behaviour-change model on grandparental adherence towards childhood domestic injury prevention in Hong Kong: a longitudinal study
Authors: Chiu Roni Man Ying , Capio Catherine M , Hagger Martin S , Yung Patrick S H , Ip Patrick , Lai Agnes Y K , Chan Derwin King Chung
Published: July 2024

Background/purpose

Every year, unintentional injury claims thousands of children’s lives and causes disabilities in many more. For very young children, these injuries often occur at home. The risks of domestic injury can be reduced through proper implementation of injury preventive measures. In this study, we investigated the motivational and belief processes underlying childhood domestic injury prevention in grandparent caregivers based on the integrated model of self-determination theory and theory of planned behaviour.

Method

Grandparents (n=299, mean age=62.61 years, SD=5.91, men=20.07%) of 0–2-year-old infants and toddlers self-reported their perceived psychological need support, autonomous motivation, perceived behavioural control (PBC), subjective norms, attitude, intention and adherence with regard to domestic injury prevention for their children at two time points (T1: baseline, T2: 4-month follow-up).

Results/outcomes

Data were analysed with structural equation modelling, and the proposed model yielded an acceptable fit with the data: χ2=905.09 (df=531), Comparative Fit Index=0.94, Tucker-Lewis Index=0.93, root mean square error of approximation=0.05 and standardised root mean square residual=0.078. Our results supported our hypothesis, demonstrating significant and positive associations between the following key constructs: (1) psychological need support from family and autonomous motivation; (2) autonomous motivation and social-cognitive beliefs; (3) social-cognitive beliefs and intentions; and (4) intention and behavioural adherence. Subjective norms and PBC, but not attitudes, were also found to significantly mediate the indirect effects of psychological need support and autonomous motivation on intention and behavioural adherence.

Conclusions

Overall, the integrated model seems to be a feasible framework for explaining grandparents’ domestic injury prevention behaviour.
Assessing the resilience of child immunisation programmes using geospatial modelling and interrupted time series analysis in Ethiopia and Kenya amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: tracking coverage and identifying key challenges
Authors: Mankhwala Chifuniro Somanje , Chifungo Chimwemwe , Mzembe Themba , Ngwira Tabitha , Peterson Maame B , Khundi McEwen , Madise Nyovani Janet , Chipeta Michael Give
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare provision and access in sub-Saharan Africa. Lockdowns and travel restrictions, coupled with fear of contracting the virus, disrupted services, especially for women’s and children’s health, derailing progress on sustainable development goals. This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine child immunisation coverage in Ethiopia and Kenya at both national and subnational levels.

Methods

Health management information systems data were used to estimate changes in child immunisation. Mean differences in coverage between the pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19 were tested at a 5% significance level. Geospatial maps for coverage and differences between the two periods were created using aggregated proportions. Interrupted time series analyses provided counterfactual coverage assessments, assuming no COVID-19 impact.

Results

At the national level, minor short-term disruptions in coverage were observed following pandemic peaks in Kenya and Ethiopia, which were considered statistically insignificant. In Ethiopia, a subnational assessment reveals that full vaccination coverage remained relatively stable, with significant changes observed in the southeast regions of Somali and Dire Dawa. Specific vaccines such as BCG, diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus 3 and polio (OPV3) showed considerable coverage changes in most regions except Oromia, Gambela and Sidama. Measles vaccine coverage experienced major changes across almost all regions of Ethiopia. In Kenya, full vaccination coverage experienced significant changes in eight counties, including Kisii, Turkana and Marsabit, with most Kenyan counties experiencing significant changes in measles vaccine coverage.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while routine immunisation services were mostly sustained with short-term disruptions at the national level in Ethiopia and Kenya, subnational levels experienced notable changes. The resilience of child immunisation was due to the implementation of community-based healthcare, mobile vaccinations and collaboration and partnerships for mass vaccination campaigns. The temporary disruptions were likely due to pandemic-related fears and supply chain restrictions.
Decentralisation and integration of paediatric tuberculosis services to primary healthcare facilities as an approach to optimise management in Cameroon and Kenya: a descriptive cohort study
Authors: Masaba Rose , Herrera Nicole , Tchounga Boris , Siamba Stephen , Ouma Millicent , Okomo Gordon , Tchendjou Patrice , Ditekemena John , Zoung-Kanyi Bissek Anne-Cecile , Casenghi Martina , Machekano Rhoderick , Tiam Appolinaire , Denoeud-Ndam Lise
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality for children less than 5 years. Diagnosis and treatment of children with active TB is often centralised in district hospital settings due to poor public health infrastructure and lack of diagnostic capabilities in primary healthcare (PHC) facilities. This analysis aims to evaluate TB case detection and treatment outcomes by comparing district hospitals and PHC facilities.

Methods

To increase paediatric TB case detection, an intervention was designed to decentralise and integrate paediatric TB diagnosis and management into PHC facilities. Between May 2019 and March 2021, we screened and enrolled children under age 5 years with presumptive TB at different entry points in 32 study facilities in Kenya and Cameroon. TB services were described by level of care. Fischer’s exact test was used to determine significance when comparing categorical variables and a Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used to test for significance of continuous variables.

Results

A total of 610 children were enrolled; 481 (79%) had received services at the district hospitals and 129 (21%) at the PHC facilities. The median age was 15.4 (IQR: 6.1–36.0) months; 59% were children below age 2 years, 53% were male and 5% were HIV coinfected. A total of 74 (12%) children were diagnosed with TB, 19 (15%) in PHC and 55 (11%) in district facilities, 11 (15%) with a bacteriological confirmation. The time from TB symptom onset to TB diagnosis was significantly shorter in the PHC (1.0 month (IQR: 0.1–2.1)) than district hospitals, (1.8 months (0.8–4.4), p=0.043). The proportion of lost to follow-up was higher in district hospitals (15.8%) than in PHC (1.8%, p=0.05). Mortality (overall 1.4%) did not significantly differ by setting.

Discussion

Decentralisation of TB screening and diagnosis at the PHC level was feasible and significantly shortened the time from the onset of symptoms to TB diagnosis.

Trial registration number

NCT03862261.
My approach to assessing for colorectal polyp cancer
Authors: Wong Newton A C S
Published: July 2024

Assessing a locally excised colorectal adenoma for malignancy is a common but often challenging scenario. This article outlines a simple, stepwise approach to this diagnostic assessment. The first steps are to assess for high-grade dysplasia and, if present, to determine whether any neoplastic glands lie within the submucosa. If so, a distinction must then be made between epithelial misplacement and adenocarcinoma; this process is aided by certain clinical and endoscopic data together with assessment of six key histological features. If adenocarcinoma is diagnosed, a final step is to report the presence/absence of high-risk features of polyp cancers because this will then determine if further surgical resection is required for that malignancy. Caveats, uncertainties and newly introduced concepts exist at several steps of the assessment pathway presented and are therefore discussed in detail throughout the article.
Investigation of Cyclic Thermo-mechanical Interactions in Pile Groups under Varying Thermal Loading
Authors: Saggu Rajni
Published: July 2024

In this study, numerical investigations were performed to examine the thermo-mechanical characteristics of the geothermal pile group having geothermal and conventional piles arranged under a single pile cap. The geothermal piles were subjected to varying degrees of thermal loading, over five thermal cycles of heating and cooling. The piles and pile cap were simulated to behave in a linear-elastic manner, and the soil was simulated using the Mohr-Coulomb plasticity model. The analyses were performed for the pile groups having different pile spacing. The investigation findings indicate that the interactions between piles, pile cap, and the surrounding soil become intricate due to cyclic thermal loading and unloading of the geothermal piles. The thermal consequences induced by cyclic temperature variations are more pronounced in the corner geothermal pile and the side conventional pile sustains more significant thermally induced effects than the central conventional pile. Differential cyclic pile displacements in the pile cap leads to varying load distribution among all the piles. The pile location plays a significant role in determining the uneven distribution of loads within the piles and the soil. Further, the magnitude of thermal load and thermal cycles govern the load-displacement mechanism of the pile cap, piles, and supporting soil.
Generalized $$\beta $$ and (q, t)-deformed partition functions with W-representations and Nekrasov partition functions
Authors: Liu Fan , Wang Rui , Yang Jie , Zhao Wei-Zhong
Published: July 2024

We construct the generalized $$\beta $$
β
and (q, t)-deformed partition functions through W representations, where the expansions are respectively with respect to the generalized Jack and Macdonald polynomials labeled by N-tuple of Young diagrams. We find that there are the profound interrelations between our deformed partition functions and the 4d and 5d Nekrasov partition functions. Since the corresponding Nekrasov partition functions can be given by vertex operators, the remarkable connection between our $$\beta $$
β
and (q, t)-deformed W-operators and vertex operators is revealed in this paper. In addition, we investigate the higher Hamiltonians for the generalized Jack and Macdonald polynomials.
Criticality of central charges for Gauss–Bonnet black holes
Authors: Cui Hong-Ming , Fan Zhong-Ying
Published: July 2024

Employing extended phase space formalism, we study critical phenomenon of A-charge and C-charge for holographic theories dual to Gauss–Bonnet black holes. We find an universal critical Gauss–Bonnet coupling, giving rise to an universal ratio between the two central charges at the critical point. This leads to a new intepretation for critical behavior of Gauss–Bonnet black holes in terms of the boundary degrees of freedoms, although the solutions are electrically neutral. Another novel feature is for either of the central charges, the transition temperature is beyond the critical point but is upper bounded by causality of the boundary theories.
Applications of the Homotopy-based Fourier transform method for the dynamic solutions of differential equations
Authors: Haider Jamil Abbas , Ahmad Shahbaz , Alroobaea Roobaea , Elseesy Ibrahim E.
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces a groundbreaking method, Homotopy-based Fourier transform, integrating Fourier transform and Homotopy perturbation for refined nonlinear problem-solving. The modification enhances solution technique efficiency, notably accelerating convergence, particularly in solving the Korteweg–de Vries equation. Demonstrating versatility, the method effectively addresses ordinary and partial differential equations, showcasing its applicability across diverse mathematical scenarios. Moreover, the approach is extended to nonlinear dynamical systems, illustrating its robustness in handling complex dynamic behaviors. This method proves especially suitable for highly nonlinear differential equations, offering an efficient and effective tool for scientists and engineers dealing with intricate mathematical models. By significantly improving convergence rates, the Homotopy-based Fourier transform stands out as a valuable asset in unraveling the complexities of nonlinear systems across various scientific and engineering applications.
Bio-convective flow of magnetized Casson fluid over a sheet in the presence of thermophoretic particle deposition and convective boundary conditions
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Azhar , Khan Nargis , Alhefthi Reem K. , Inc Mustafa
Published: July 2024

This research examines the flow of incompressible Casson fluid with gyrotactic microorganisms and thermophoretic particle deposition across a sheet, incorporating a nonlinear heat source and the convective boundary conditions. Our motivation stems from the need to optimize heat transfer in renewable energy systems and improve thermal regulation in aerospace engineering, which could inform advancements in heat shield design. The impact of this study extends to renewable energy, aiding heat transfer optimization, and in aerospace engineering, it may inform heat shield design. Medical imaging, chemical engineering and environmental remediation benefit from insights into the fluid behavior and particle transport. Based on heat source and thermophoretic particle deposition, this work investigates the concentration, temperature flow and microorganism distributions. Using suitable similarity variables, all equations for the proposed flow are converted into ODEs. The reduced equations are evaluated using the RKF45 method. The impacts of significant parameters on temperature, concentration, microbiological and flow profiles are determined with the support of graphs. The thermal and concentration distributions are improved with an increase in the thermal radiation, heat generation and magnetic parameter. This study enhances knowledge across disciplines including healthcare diagnostics, chemical engineering and ecological restoration by offering fresh perspectives on the dynamics of fluid movement and the transportation of particles.
A reliable neural network procedure for the novel sixth-order nonlinear singular pantograph differential model
Authors: Sabir Zulqurnain , Umar Muhammad , Salahshour Soheil , Saeed Tareq
Published: July 2024

An innovative singular nonlinear sixth-order (SNSO) pantograph differential model (PDM), known as the SNSO-PDM, is the subject of this novel study along with its numerical investigation. The concepts of pantograph and conventional Emden-Fowler have been presented in the design of the novel SNSO-PDM. The models based on Emden–Fowler have huge applications in mathematics and engineering and are always difficult to solve due to singularity. For each class of the innovative SNSO-PDM, the singularity, shape and pantograph factors are described. A reliable stochastic Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation neural network (LMBPNN) procedure is designed for the SNSO-PDM. The correctness of the SNSOs-PDM is observed through the comparison performances of the achieved and reference outputs. The obtained results of the SNSO-PDM are considered by applying the process of training, certification, and testing to reduce the mean square error. To authenticate the efficacy of the innovative SNSO-PDM, the numerical performances of the solutions are depicted in the sense of regression, error histograms and correlation.
Can Rhyme Consistency Score be used as a Feature in Stylistics? A Statistical Endeavour with Hindi Poetry
Authors: Singh Niraj , Naaz Komal , Aryan Raj
Published: July 2024

Stylistics is the study and analysis of linguistic style using the tools of language. It is an investigation of language elements employed in a spoken or written piece under examination. Rhyme is one such element that can help to inspect style in an artistic piece of writing. It is a literary device that adds melody and aesthetics to any poetic composition. Whether intentionally or unintentionally, the authors’ skill in employing this literary trick will reveal something about their personality in their work. The rhyming quality of a poem has been proven to be a feature in studying literary pieces in the state-of-the-art work that analyzes 
Doha
 composition using rhyme quality. However, the consistency of rhyme quality throughout a writer's work makes more sense when thinking from a stylistic viewpoint. This article focuses on studying and analyzing poetry to identify the similarities and differences across writers’ styles while utilizing the extent of rhyme consistency as the key feature. The research examines the works of five prominent Hindi poets, namely Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Jayshankar Prasad, Sumitranandan Pant, Mahadevi Verma, and Harivansh Rai Bachchan, while using their poems as its case study. It provides the rhyme consistency score as a novel stylistic function verified using relevant statistical tests. In the process of achieving the preceding, this article contributes a structured dataset, 
ARCSet
, and well-posed style conclusions about the five renowned authors of Hindi literature.
Probabilistic Graph Pattern Matching via Tumor Knowledge Graph
Authors: Li Lei , Tu Houdie , Tao Zhenchao , Bu Chenyang , Wu Xindong
Published: July 2024

Graph Pattern Matching (GPM) entails the identification of subgraphs within a larger graph structure that either precisely mirror or closely parallel a predefined pattern graph. Despite the fact that research on GPM in large-scale graph data has been largely centered on social network analysis or enhancing the precision and efficiency of matching algorithms for expeditious subgraph retrieval, there is a noticeable absence of studies committed to probing GPM in medical domains. To rectify this shortcoming and probe the potential of GPM in clinical contexts, particularly in aiding patients with the selection of optimal tumor treatment plans, this paper introduces the concept of probabilistic graph pattern matching specifically modified for the Tumor Knowledge Graph (TKG). We propose a multi-constraint graph pattern matching algorithm, hereinafter designated as TKG-McGPM, customized for the Tumor Knowledge Graph. Through experimental verification, we establish that TKG-McGPM can facilitate more efficient and informed decision-making in tumor treatment planning.
Ethical Games: Toward Evidence-Based Guidance for Safeguarding Players and Developers
Authors: Hodent Celia , Blumberg Fran , Deterding Sebastian
Published: July 2024

As video games have moved to the mainstream of entertainment and popular culture, they also have given rise to new media fears. These span concerns for player welfare such as gaming addiction, negative effects of ‘screen time,’ gambling-like mechanics, dark patterns and questionable business practices, online toxicity, and extremism. Questions of game worker welfare are similarly making headlines, such as harassment, discrimination, or precarious and unhealthy working conditions. To sort warranted concerns from unwarranted moral panics, the first Ethical Games Conference, held in 2024, gathered the state-of-the-art of research on ethical issues in games to inform evidence-based guidelines for industry and regulators. The selected full papers and opinion pieces of the conference, collected in this special issue, showcase a wide range of issues and barriers, and aspirations to move from avoiding harm to using games for positive social impact.
Melatonin partially rescues defects induced by tranexamic acid exposure during oocyte maturation in mice
Authors: Chen Fei , Zhang Mengyao , Song Zihan , Meng Rui , He Jiayi , Xu Xiuli , Deng Shuwen , Sun Meng , Kou Zhenyu , Lin Juan
Published: July 2024

Tranexamic acid is increasingly used to whiten skin, reverse dermal damages, and treat heavy menstrual bleeding in young women. However, its potential toxicity in mammalian oocytes is still unclear. Our study revealed that tranexamic acid exposure impaired the mouse oocyte quality and subsequent embryo development. Meanwhile, melatonin has been found to exert beneficial effects in reducing tranexamic acid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
Research on the Force Control System of Rotary Crusher Loading Testbed
Authors: Li Ge , Wang Qingkai , Shen Gang
Published: July 2024

As an essential device in mining and metallurgical processes, rotary crushers are subjected to intricate stresses and harsh working conditions. To ensure their safe and stable operation, it is imperative to employ a rotary crusher loading testbed (RCLT) for simulating the complex loading environment and to implement critical construction and material testing of the rotary crusher. The force control system of a rotary crusher is studied for the purpose of implementing load conditions under the influence of vibrational coupling with multidegree‐of‐freedom (multi‐DOF). Considering nonlinear factors, uncertainties associated with the electrohydraulic servo drive system, as well as vibration interference, significantly impact the force control system of RCLT. Traditional force control algorithms cannot guarantee the precision of force control under complex disturbances. Therefore, an adaptive terminal sliding mode force control strategy is proposed to enhance the precision of force control in coupled systems affected by vibration disturbances. A terminal sliding mode loading control (TSMC) method is designed to estimate the disturbance in the coupled system using a fuzzy adaptive law. Accurate feedback of hydraulic cylinder velocity and pressure difference signals is achieved through a variable gain state observer (VGSO), which constructs a loading control strategy capable of online compensation for coupling effects caused by vibration disturbances. Finally, experimental verification confirms the effectiveness of the proposed force control strategy.
Ab Externo Choroidal Fluid Drainage, Pars Plana Vitrectomy, and Endotamponade for the Management of Persistent Hypotony following Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Koenig Susanna Friederike , Vounotrypidis Efstathios , Wertheimer Christian Maximilian , Wolf Armin
Published: July 2024

Background. Persistent severe serous choroidal detachment is a rare complication after glaucoma surgery. Surgical treatment with choroidal fluid drainage through a scleral incision is an option in these cases. Combining this procedure with pars plana vitrectomy and gas endotamponade has potential advantages. In the following, the perioperative course of this surgical option in a small cohort will be presented. Methods. This is a retrospective cohort study of the postoperative course of ab externo drainage of persistent serous choroidal detachment (≥4 weeks) in combination with pars plana vitrectomy and gas endotamponade in six eyes of six patients after exhausting all conservative treatment options. Inclusion criterion was persistent hypotony with severe serous choroidal detachment after intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering surgery due to medically uncontrolled glaucoma. Eyes were evaluated according to resolution of choroidal detachment, change in IOP and visual acuity (VA), postdrainage complications, and need for further surgeries. Results. Before surgery, all patients presented with flat anterior chamber, decreased vision, and persistent choroidal detachment. The surgery itself was uneventful, but due to the complexity of the cases, tailoring the procedure to each patient’s needs was required. Complete resolution of choroidal effusion was achieved by one month in 5 eyes and in 1 eye by month 3. There was an increase in average IOP from 5 (±2.1) mmHg before surgery to 11.3 (±3.7) mmHg and in VA from 1.7 (±0.8) to 1.2 (±0.6) logMAR. Five out of six patients required additional surgery, mainly to further increase the IOP even though choroidal detachment had already resolved. Conclusion. Ab externo choroidal fluid drainage combined with pars plana vitrectomy and gas endotamponade seems to be an effective and safe treatment option in persistent ocular hypotony. Although repeated surgeries might be necessary, large‐scale prospective studies must be undertaken to provide corroborative evidence.
Predicting Flight Trajectory in Convective Weather through Boosted Spatiotemporal Deep Learning Ensemble
Authors: Zhu Xi , Zhang Ke , Zhang Zhuxi , Tan Lifei
Published: July 2024

Flight trajectory prediction is one of the key issues in ensuring the safety of air traffic, providing the air traffic controller with the foresight of flight conflicts so that control instructions for pilots can be preconceived. In a complicated mechanism, flight trajectories can be severely affected by convective weather, making accurately predicting trajectories challenging. To address this problem, we propose a boosted spatiotemporal deep learning ensemble for mining the law of how convective weather affects flight trajectory stretching. Instead of conventionally representing trajectory data in a geographic coordinate system, we design a relative coordinate system for gaining new trajectory features which tangibly reflect trajectory’s relations with planned route and convective weather. Besides, we raise a boosted ensemble framework of spatiotemporal deep learning models, trained by the samples pairing sequential trajectory with graphical weather, dedicating to strengthen the mining of the high‐value training samples that involve explicit flight deviations caused by convective weather. The experiments using actual flight and weather data demonstrate our method’s superiority in predicting flight trajectory affected by convective weather.
Table S1 from ZNF397 Deficiency Triggers TET2-Driven Lineage Plasticity and AR-Targeted Therapy Resistance in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Xu Yaru , Yang Yuqiu , Wang Zhaoning , Sjöström Martin , Jiang Yuyin , Tang Yitao , Cheng Siyuan , Deng Su , Wang Choushi , Gonzalez Julisa , Johnson Nickolas A. , Li Xiang , Li Xiaoling , Metang Lauren A. , Mukherji Atreyi , Xu Quanhui , Tirado Carla R. , Wainwright Garrett , Yu Xinzhe , Barnes Spencer , Hofstad Mia , Chen Yu , Zhu Hong , Hanker Ariella B. , Raj Ganesh V. , Zhu Guanghui , He Housheng H. , Wang Zhao , Arteaga Carlos L. , Liang Han , Feng Felix Y. , Wang Yunguan , Wang Tao , Mu Ping
Published: July 2024

Table S1. Significantly Altered AR ChIP-seq Peaks in ZNF397-KO Cells
Iron Chelation Therapy Elicits Innate Immune Control of Metastatic Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Sandoval Tito A. , Salvagno Camilla , Chae Chang-Suk , Awasthi Deepika , Giovanelli Paolo , Marin Falco Matias , Hwang Sung-Min , Teran-Cabanillas Eli , Suominen Lasse , Yamazaki Takahiro , Kuo Hui-Hsuan , Moyer Jenna E. , Martin M. Laura , Manohar Jyothi , Kim Kihwan , Sierra Maria A. , Ramos Yusibeska , Tan Chen , Emmanuelli Alexander , Song Minkyung , Morales Diana K. , Zamarin Dmitriy , Frey Melissa K. , Cantillo Evelyn , Chapman-Davis Eloise , Holcomb Kevin , Mason Christopher E. , Galluzzi Lorenzo , Ni Zhou Zhen , Vähärautio Anna , Cloonan Suzanne M. , Cubillos-Ruiz Juan R.
Published: July 2024

Iron accumulation in tumors contributes to disease progression and chemoresistance. Although targeting this process can influence various hallmarks of cancer, the immunomodulatory effects of iron chelation in the tumor microenvironment are unknown. Here, we report that treatment with deferiprone, an FDA-approved iron chelator, unleashes innate immune responses that restrain ovarian cancer. Deferiprone reprogrammed ovarian cancer cells toward an immunostimulatory state characterized by the production of type-I IFN and overexpression of molecules that activate NK cells. Mechanistically, these effects were driven by innate sensing of mitochondrial DNA in the cytosol and concomitant activation of nuclear DNA damage responses triggered upon iron chelation. Deferiprone synergized with chemotherapy and prolonged the survival of mice with ovarian cancer by bolstering type-I IFN responses that drove NK cell-dependent control of metastatic disease. Hence, iron chelation may represent an alternative immunotherapeutic strategy for malignancies that are refractory to current T-cell–centric modalities.

Significance: This study uncovers that targeting dysregulated iron accumulation in ovarian tumors represents a major therapeutic opportunity. Iron chelation therapy using an FDA-approved agent causes immunogenic stress responses in ovarian cancer cells that delay metastatic disease progression and enhance the effects of first-line chemotherapy.

See related commentary by Bell and Zou, p. 1771