bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solid matrix transformation and tracer addition using molten ammonium bifluoride salt as a sample preparation method for laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Grate Jay W. , Gonzalez Jhanis J. , O'Hara Matthew J. , Kellogg Cynthia M. , Morrison Samuel S. , Koppenaal David W. , Chan George C.-Y. , Mao Xianglei , Zorba Vassilia , Russo Richard E.
Published: June 2017

Spike addition in reactive solid matrix transformation (SMT) enables internal standards for laser ablation analysis.
Plasmon-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Li Jian-Feng , Li Chao-Yu , Aroca Ricardo F.
Published: June 2017

Fluorescence spectroscopy with strong emitters is a remarkable tool with ultra-high sensitivity for detection and imaging down to the single-molecule level.
Expanding applications of SERS through versatile nanomaterials engineering
Authors: Cardinal M. Fernanda , Vander Ende Emma , Hackler Ryan A. , McAnally Michael O. , Stair Peter C. , Schatz George C. , Van Duyne Richard P.
Published: June 2017

Nanomaterials engineering and synthetic chemistry continues to expand the range of applications for surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy.
π-Backbonding and non-covalent interactions in the JohnPhos and polyfluorothiolate complexes of gold(i)
Authors: Moreno-Alcántar Guillermo , Hess Kristopher , Guevara-Vela José Manuel , Rocha-Rinza Tomás , Martín Pendás Ángel , Flores-Álamo Marcos , Torrens Hugo
Published: June 2017

Experimentally observed gold bonding interactions in crystal structures were examined through wavefunction analyses, such as QTAIM and the NCI-index.
Coordination behavior of bidentate bis(carbenes) at alkali metal bis(trimethylsilyl)amides
Authors: Koch Alexander , Görls Helmar , Krieck Sven , Westerhausen Matthias
Published: June 2017

Crystallization of LiN(SiMe3)2 from 2,2,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran yields the base-free tetramer. Strong carbenes monomerize the lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amides, whereas the heavier congeners from carbene-stabilized dimers [AN(SiMe3)2]2 with A = Na, K.
Synthetic methodologies and spatial organization of metal chelate dendrimers and star and hyperbranched polymers
Authors: Dzhardimalieva Gulzhian I. , Uflyand Igor E.
Published: June 2017

The synthetic methodologies, physico-chemical peculiarities, properties, and structure of metal chelate dendrimers and star and hyperbranched polymers are considered.
Exploring DNA–protein interactions on the single DNA molecule level using nanofluidic tools
Authors: Frykholm Karolin , Nyberg Lena K. , Westerlund Fredrik
Published: June 2017

This review highlights the use of nanofluidic channels for studying DNA–protein interactions on the single DNA molecule level.
Understanding the reactivity of bis(propargyl) aromatic esters towards GAP: a theoretical exploration
Authors: Sonawane Sanjeevani H. , Banerjee Shaibal , Sider Arun K. , Talawar Mahadev B. , Khan Md Abdul Shafeeuulla
Published: June 2017

The reactivity of novel bis(propargyl) aromatic esters as a potential replacement of conventional hazardous isocyanate-based curing agents towards curing of the energetic binder GAP by means of density functional methods is explored.
Solvent-mediated single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation from a dimeric to tetrameric copper(i) complex based on a substituted pyridine derived from a Diels–Alder adduct
Authors: Chan Tai-Wei , Zhan Shun-Ze , Razali Mohd. R.
Published: June 2017

A solution of [Cu2I2L2(MeCN)2] (1) in dichloromethane (DCM) assisted the removal of MeCN and N-(4-pyridinyl)-9,10-dihydroethanoanthracene-11,12-dicarboximide (L) from the crystal of 1, leading to an unprecedented SCSC transformation.
Influence of pyridine-like ligands on the structure, photochemical and biological properties of nitro-nitrosyl ruthenium complexes
Authors: Kostin G. A. , Mikhailov A. A. , Kuratieva N. V. , Pischur D. P. , Zharkov D. O. , Grin I. R.
Published: June 2017

The photochemical properties and cell toxicity of monomeric and dimeric complexes of RuNO with methyl substituted pyridines and NO2were investigated.
Polarization landscape effects in soft X-ray-induced surface chemical decomposition of lead zirco-titanate, evidenced by photoelectron spectromicroscopy
Authors: Abramiuc Laura E. , Tănase Liviu C. , Barinov Alexei , Apostol Nicoleta G. , Chirilă Cristina , Trupină Lucian , Pintilie Lucian , Teodorescu Cristian M.
Published: June 2017

Irradiating ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 surfaces with soft X-rays promotes a higher efficiency dissociation of areas without out-of-plane polarization.
Amorphous boron nanorod as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries at room temperature
Authors: Deng Changjian , Lau Miu Lun , Barkholtz Heather M. , Xu Haiping , Parrish Riley , Xu Meiyue (Olivia) , Xu Tao , Liu Yuzi , Wang Hao , Connell Justin G. , Smith Kassiopeia A. , Xiong Hui
Published: June 2017

We report an amorphous boron nanorod anode material for lithium-ion batteries prepared through smelting non-toxic boron oxide in liquid lithium.
C–N–S tridoping into TiO2matrix for photocatalytic applications: observations, speculations and contradictions in the codoping process
Authors: Sushma C. , Kumar S. Girish
Published: June 2017

C–N–S-tridoped TiO2: behind and beyond the codoping process.
Injectable and thermoresponsive pericardial matrix derived conductive scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering
Authors: Roshanbinfar Kaveh , Hilborn Jöns , Varghese Oommen P. , Oommen Oommen P.
Published: June 2017

Scaffolds derived from decellularized cardiac tissue offer an enormous advantage for cardiac applications as they recapitulate biophysical and cardiac specific cues.
Behavior of interactions between hydrogen chalcogenides and an anthracene π-system elucidated by QTAIM dual functional analysis with QC calculations
Authors: Hayashi Satoko , Sugibayashi Yuji , Nakanishi Waro
Published: June 2017

The nature of the interactions between chalcogenides and the anthracene p-system, EH2-*-p(C14H10), is predicted to be close to that of EH2-*-p(C10H8), although the partial structures around the central rings can be found in EH2-*-p(C6H6).
Correction: Stable DNA-based reaction–diffusion patterns
Authors: Zenk John , Scalise Dominic , Wang Kaiyuan , Dorsey Phillip , Fern Joshua , Cruz Ariana , Schulman Rebecca
Published: June 2017

Correction for ‘Stable DNA-based reaction–diffusion patterns’ by John Zenk et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 18032–18040.
A quasi-solid-state Li-ion capacitor with high energy density based on Li3VO4/carbon nanofibers and electrochemically-exfoliated graphene sheets
Authors: Wang Faxing , Liu Zaichun , Yuan Xinhai , Mo Jun , Li Chunyang , Fu Lijun , Zhu Yusong , Wu Xiongwei , Wu Yuping
Published: June 2017

The quasi-solid-state Li-ion capacitor demonstrates an ultrahigh energy density of 110 W h kg−1and rapid charge/discharge capability within 2 min.
Dynamically manipulated lasing enabled by a reconfigured fingerprint texture of a cholesteric self-organized superstructure
Authors: Huang Wenbin , Yuan Cong-long , Shen Dong , Zheng Zhi-gang
Published: June 2017

Laser emission based on an electrically reconfigured fingerprint texture of a cholesteric liquid crystal helical superstructure is achieved by judiciously designing the composition of the device material and the device structure.
Robust GNC approach for quantised compressed sensing
Authors: Elleuch I. , Abdelkefi F. , Siala M. , Hamila R. , Al‐Dahir N.
Published: June 2017

Practical acquisition of compressed sensing measurements involves a finite‐range finite‐precision quantisation step. To solve the sparse recovery problem and handle the quantisation distortion, this Letter proposes a non‐smooth graduated‐non‐convexity approach that follows a path of gradually improved solutions along a sequence of non‐smooth non‐convex optimisation problems that progressively promote quantisation consistency (QC) and sparsity. We consider two classes of multi‐scale continuous approximation functions to depict intermediate QC degrees and sparsity‐inducing strengths, respectively, and apply recent proximal splitting methods to solve the resulting subproblem at each refinement scale. The simulations demonstrate the convergence of intermediate solutions to a nearly optimal estimation, in terms of accuracy and support recovery.
Dual‐layered oscillatory model for object detection and tracking
Authors: Hwang Y. , Jeong M.‐H. , Cho W. , Oh S.‐R.
Published: June 2017

A method to detect and track objects using an oscillatory neural model is presented that mimics the integrative component from the primary visual cortex to the vision‐related parietal and temporal cortex. The locally excitatory globally inhibitory oscillator is incorporated into the proposed model to implement synchronisation and desynchronisation of neural oscillation, and the dual‐layer architecture (composed of the form layer corresponding to the ventral pathway and the motion layer to the dorsal pathway) is also introduced to implement the integrated pathways of the human visual process. Objection detection corresponds to a function in the ventral pathway, and tracking of the detected object corresponds to a function in the dorsal pathway. Some experiments where skin regions were detected and tracked are carried out, and showed that the proposed model of the integrative pathways in the human visual process works successfully.
Cascade and parallel combination (CPC) of adaptive filters for estimating heart rate during intensive physical exercise from photoplethysmographic signal
Authors: Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Tanvir Ahmed Sk. , Zabir Ishmam , Shahnaz Celia , Fattah Shaikh Anowarul
Published: June 2017

Photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal is getting popularity for monitoring heart rate in wearable devices because of simplicity of construction and low cost of the sensor. The task becomes very difficult due to the presence of various motion artefacts. In this study, an algorithm based on cascade and parallel combination (CPC) of adaptive filters is proposed in order to reduce the effect of motion artefacts. First, preliminary noise reduction is performed by averaging two channel PPG signals. Next in order to reduce the effect of motion artefacts, a cascaded filter structure consisting of three cascaded adaptive filter blocks is developed where three‐channel accelerometer signals are used as references to motion artefacts. To further reduce the affect of noise, a scheme based on convex combination of two such cascaded adaptive noise cancelers is introduced, where two widely used adaptive filters namely recursive least squares and least mean squares filters are employed. Heart rates are estimated from the noise reduced PPG signal in spectral domain. Finally, an efficient heart rate tracking algorithm is designed based on the nature of the heart rate variability. The performance of the proposed CPC method is tested on a widely used public database. It is found that the proposed method offers very low estimation error and a smooth heart rate tracking with simple algorithmic approach.
Generalised transformer modelling for power flow calculation in multi‐phase unbalanced networks
Authors: Coppo Massimiliano , Bignucolo Fabio , Turri Roberto
Published: June 2017

Low voltage systems are unbalanced networks where a significant share of the users is single‐phase connected, so a multi‐phase system needs to be considered in order to assess the mutual influence of the different phases. The presence of single‐phase unevenly distributed users, leads to unbalances in the power flow on the three phases. This issue is emphasised considering the presence of local single‐phase generators. This study presents a generalised method for transformers modelling in any multi‐conductor grid representation in order to allow the analysis on unbalanced networks such as low‐voltage distribution systems. The method, based on an incidence matrix approach, is proposed to represent any network object involving mutual connections among the phases, once the impedances for each single‐phase equivalent circuit are known. Some application examples validate the approach and illustrate how to numerically realise the model.
Woolly mammoth and Man at Krasnoyarskaya Kurya site, West Siberian Plain, Russia (excavation results of 2014)
Authors: Seuru Samuel , Leshchinskiy Sergey , Auguste Patrick , Fedyaev Nikita
Published: June 2017

Detailed paleobiological and taphonomic analyses were carried out on the bone accumulations discovered during the 2014 excavations at the Krasnoyarskaya Kurya site, southeastern part of western Siberia (Russia). The fossiliferous site contains three bone-bearing horizons. Mammal remains are rare in the upper level and they were not found during the 2014 excavation. The middle and lower levels yielded exclusively remains of the woolly mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius. The middle level (stratigraphic layer 5) is a result of an in situ accumulation in alluvial sediments. At least three individuals are identified: a juvenile (< 6-10 years old in AEY) of 1.8 m shoulder height and weighing 1 ton; a young adult (ca. 24 years old in AEY) and an old mammoth (> 43 years old in AEY) of 2.9 m of shoulder height and 3.8 t. Their remains were buried in conditions similar to those of a floodplain scroll/natural levee or an islet. Bones stayed on the subsurface for a long time, allowing thus carnivores to reach them easily. The lower level (stratigraphic layer 6) is composed of at least four animals: two juveniles (< 6-10 years old in AEY) and two adults (> 11-13 years old in AEY). The material only enables to determine that one juvenile is 1.5 m at shoulder height and weighs ca. 610 kg, while a young adult should have a body mass of ca. 1,600 kg. No human artefacts or any cut-marks on bones were found in either of these two levels during the 2014 excavation. However, the excavations carried out during the years 2007 to 2010 had allowed the discovery of Palaeolithic artefacts in the lower level, which was formed in alluvial-lacustrine conditions. This indicates that humans had visited this a priori in situ mammoth assemblage. It is likely that at the beginning of spring, the oxbow lake had trapped woolly mammoths. Humans and carnivores had then sorted out and taken away any useful remains. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the mammoth died at the early phase of the Last Glacial Maximum, at about 14C – 20 000 BP (~ 24 000 years cal BP). Isotopic analyses of the collagen from the mammoth remains argue that the animal was living at the time in a steppe landscape, which was dominated by grass-like vegetation.
Schmerztherapie nach thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen
Authors: Hendrix Holger , Kamlak Vladimir , Prisadov Georgi , Welcker Katrin
Published: June 2017

Die Behandlung von Schmerzen nach thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen erfolgt zumeist nach klinikinternen Standards. Eine aktuell gültige S3-Leitlinie zur Behandlung akuter perioperativer und posttraumatischer Schmerzen gibt es derzeit nicht. Die unterschiedlichen Therapiemöglichkeiten akuter postoperativer Schmerzen in der Thoraxchirurgie, deren Effektivität in der Literatur sehr uneinheitlich beurteilt wird, werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.
Ultrasound Needle Visibility in Contrast Mode Imaging: An In Vitro and Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Rominger Marga , Martini Katharina , Dappa Evelyn , Puippe Gilbert , Klingmüller Volker , Frauenfelder Thomas , Sanabria Sergio
Published: June 2017

Purpose To evaluate needle visibility in ultrasound under contrast mode conditions.

Materials and Methods Needle visibility was evaluated for bevel, EchoTip® and shaft of 18G Chiba biopsy needle with a 9 MHz linear probe (GE Logiq E9). Insertion angles varied between 30°(steep) and 90°(parallel to the probe surface). The acoustic output varied from 5–28%. 2 different contrast mode presets with either 'Amplitude Modulation' (Penetration) or 'Phase Inversion Harmonics' (High Resolution) were assessed. All other imaging parameters were kept constant. The visibility of bevel, EchoTip® and shaft was assessed for grayscale and color-coded images with a 3-point Likert-like scale (not, poorly, well visible) by 2 independent readers. The echogenicity of the needle bevel, EchoTip® and shaft was assessed in deciBel (dB) on the color-coded images.

Results With the parallel insertion angle, all needle areas were well visible. With steep insertion the EchoTip® was the only visible area. High Resolution was superior to Penetration (p<0.001). The visibility and echogenicity of the needle bevel (r
grayscale=0.109, pgrayscale=0.178; r
color-coded=0.236, pcolor-coded=0.266; r
dB=0.956, pdB=0.001), EchoTip® (r
grayscale+= 0.477, pgrayscale+= 0.018; r
color-coded=0.540, pcolor-coded+= 0.006; r
dB=0.911, pdB=0.001) and shaft (r
grayscale=0.124, pgrayscale=0.563; r
color-coded=0.061, pcolor-coded+= 0.775; r
dB+= 0.926, pdB=0.001) increased with increasing acoustic output. Grayscale images were superior to color-coded images for needle visibility (p=0.004).

Conclusion Parallel needle insertion, use of an echogenic tip, adequate choice of presets, increased acoustic output, and dual view of grayscale and color-coded images improve needle visibility in ultrasound under contrast mode conditions.
Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Befragung zur Durchführung der psychosozialen Begutachtung vor Lebendnierenspende in Deutschland
Authors: de Zwaan Martina , Erim Yesim , Greif-Higer Gertrud , Kröncke Sylvia , Burgmer Markus , Vitinius Frank , Kunze Sabine , Berth Hendrik
Published: June 2017

Ziel Da es keine verbindlichen Vorgaben zur Durchführung der psychosozialen Begutachtung von Lebendnierenspendern gibt, wird sie in Deutschland sehr unterschiedlich gehandhabt. Ziel der Untersuchung war es, mehr über die Durchführung der psychosozialen Begutachtung der Lebendnierenspender an deutschen Transplantationszentren zu erfahren.

Methodik Die Gutachter der 38 Transplantationszentren, die 2015 Nieren transplantiert haben, wurden angeschrieben und um Teilnahme an einem anonymen Online-Survey gebeten.

Ergebnis Es haben Gutachter von 28 (74%) Transplantationszentren teilgenommen. Nur 30 (4%) der Begutachtungen waren ablehnend. An den meisten Zentren erfolgt die psychosoziale Begutachtung nach Abschluss aller medizinischen Voruntersuchungen. Die psychosozialen Begutachtungen werden mit kurzen Wartezeiten verwirklicht, sind zeitaufwendig und werden meist über die interne Leistungsverrechnung finanziert. In der Mehrzahl der Zentren werden die Gespräche auf der Basis eines zumindest halbstrukturierten Interviews durchgeführt. Es besteht allerdings kein Konsens über Inhalte und Struktur des Begutachtungsprozesses.

Schlussfolgerung Ein wechselseitiger Austausch und eine Standardisierung des Begutachtungsprozesses könnten hilfreich sein, um eine Vergleichbarkeit zwischen den Zentren zu ermöglichen und die Chancengleichheit für potenzielle Lebendnierenspender und -empfänger zu verbessern.
Schussverletzungen – Diagnostik und Therapie in der Präklinik
Authors: von Lübken Falk , Holsträter Thorsten , Palm Hans-Georg , Andres Torsten , Riesner Hans-Joachim , Friemert Benedikt ,   aus der AG Einsatz-, Katastrophen- und Taktische Chirurgie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie
Published: June 2017

In der Notfallmedizin tätige Ärzte in Deutschland haben, verglichen mit den USA, nur relativ geringe Erfahrungen mit Schussverletzungen. Dieser Beitrag vermittelt Basiswissen über die verschiedenen Schusswaffen und die damit hervorgerufenen unterschiedlichen Verletzungen, um bereits präklinisch eine gezielte Diagnostik und erste therapeutische Schritte einleiten zu können.
Der Antrag der Besorgnis der Befangenheit aus praktischer
Sicht
Authors: Büttemeyer Rolf , Klum Peter
Published: June 2017

Medizinische Sachverständige müssen in Zivil- oder Strafprozessverfahren einige
juristische Regeln beachten, welche nicht in ihrer Ausbildung als Arzt
vermittelt werden. Der Sachverständige sollte beachten, dass er nichts selbst
Ermittler ist, sondern nur der Helfer des Gerichts. Darüber hinaus sollte der
Sachverständige sich so verhalten, dass jederzeit selbst der Anschein einer
Befangenheit im Verfahren vermieden wird.
Interpretation of x-ray absorption spectroscopy in the presence of surface hybridization
Authors: Diller Katharina , Maurer Reinhard J. , Müller Moritz , Reuter Karsten
Published: June 2017

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) yields direct access to the electronic and geometric structure of hybrid inorganic-organic interfaces formed upon adsorption of complex molecules at metal surfaces. The unambiguous interpretation of corresponding spectra is challenged by the intrinsic geometric flexibility of the adsorbates and the chemical interactions with the interface. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations of the extended adsorbate-substrate system are an established tool to guide peak assignment in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of complex interfaces. We extend this to the simulation and interpretation of XAS data in the context of functional organic molecules on metal surfaces using dispersion-corrected DFT calculations within the transition potential approach. For the prototypical case of 2H-porphine adsorbed on Ag(111) and Cu(111) substrates, we follow the two main effects of the molecule/surface interaction onto the X-ray absorption signatures: (1) the substrate-induced chemical shift of the 1s core levels that dominates in physisorbed systems and (2) the hybridization-induced broadening and loss of distinct resonances that dominate in more chemisorbed systems.
A method of extracting speed-dependent vector correlations from 2 + 1 REMPI ion images
Authors: Wei Wei , Wallace Colin J. , Grubb Michael P. , North Simon W.
Published: June 2017

We present analytical expressions for extracting Dixon’s bipolar moments in the semi-classical limit from experimental anisotropy parameters of sliced or reconstructed non-sliced images. The current method focuses on images generated by 2 + 1 REMPI (Resonance Enhanced Multi-photon Ionization) and is a necessary extension of our previously published 1 + 1 REMPI equations. Two approaches for applying the new equations, direct inversion and forward convolution, are presented. As demonstration of the new method, bipolar moments were extracted from images of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) photodissociation at 230 nm and NO2 photodissociation at 355 nm, and the results are consistent with previous publications.
Planar liquid jet: Early deformation and atomization cascades
Authors: Zandian A. , Sirignano W. A. , Hussain F.
Published: June 2017

The temporal evolution of three-dimensional instabilities on a planar liquid sheet segment is studied using direct numerical simulation, and the level-set and volume-of-fluid methods for the liquid-gas interface tracking. Three atomization cascades are distinguished at early breakup, which are well categorized on a gas Weber number (Weg) versus liquid Reynolds number (Rel) map. These atomization processes include lobe stretching that occurs at low Rel and low Weg, hole and bridge formation that occurs at moderate Rel and high Weg, and lobe corrugation occurring at high Rel and low Weg. Qualitative comparison between the sizes of the ligaments and droplets that result from each process is presented. A transitional region between the prescribed atomization domains is found. At high Rel, the transitional boundary is a constant Ohnesorge line defined based on gas We and liquid Re (Ohm≡Weg∕Rel). At low Rel, the transitional region follows a hyperbolic line on the Weg–Rel plot. These atomization processes are qualitatively independent of the jet geometry—seen in both planar and round liquid jets. At a constant density ratio, characteristic times for the hole formation and for the lobe and ligament stretching are different—the former depending on surface tension and the latter on liquid viscosity. In the transitional region, both characteristic times are of the same order.
Comparative study of thermal conductivity in crystalline and amorphous nanocomposite
Authors: Juangsa Firman Bagja , Muroya Yoshiki , Ryu Meguya , Morikawa Junko , Nozaki Tomohiro
Published: June 2017

Silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs)/polystyrene (PS) nanocomposite has been observed to have a significant decrease in thermal conductivity in terms of the SiNC fraction with unspecified factors remained unclear. In this paper, amorphous silicon nanoparticles (a-SiNPs) with a mean diameter of 6 nm and PS nanocomposites were synthesized, and their thermal conductivity, including the density and specific heat, was compared with our previous work which investigated well-crystalized SiNPs (6 nm) and PS nanocomposite. The difference between amorphous and crystalline structure is insignificant, but phonon scattering at SiNPs and PS boundary is the key influencing factor of thermal conductivity reduction. The effective thermal conductivity models for nanocomposite revealed that the thermal boundary resistance, explained by Kapitza principle, is estimated to be 4 × 10−7 m2K/W, showing the significant effect of nanostructured heterogenic surface resistance on overall heat transfer behavior. Preservation of unique properties nanoscale materials and low-cost fabrication by silicon inks process at room temperature give the promising potential of SiNPs based heat transfer management.
Significant reduction of critical currents in MRAM designs using dual free layer with perpendicular and in-plane anisotropy
Authors: Suess D. , Vogler C. , Bruckner F. , Sepehri-Amin H. , Abert C.
Published: June 2017

One essential feature in magnetic random access memory cells is the spin torque efficiency, which describes the ratio of the critical switching current to the energy barrier. In this paper, it is reported that the spin torque efficiency can be improved by a factor of 3.2 by the use of a dual free layer device, which consists of one layer with perpendicular crystalline anisotropy and another layer with in-plane crystalline anisotropy. Detailed simulations solving the spin transport equations simultaneously with the micromagnetics equation were performed in order to understand the origin of the switching current reduction by a factor of 4 for the dual layer structure compared to a single layer structure. The main reason could be attributed to an increased spin accumulation within the free layer due to the dynamical tilting of the magnetization within the in-plane region of the dual free layer.
Nonlinear fluid simulation study of stimulated Raman and Brillouin scatterings in shock ignition
Authors: Hao L. , Yan R. , Li J. , Liu W. D. , Ren C.
Published: June 2017

We developed a new nonlinear fluid laser-plasma-instability code (FLAME) using a multi-fluid plasma model combined with full electromagnetic wave equations. The completed one-dimensional version of FLAME was used to study laser-plasma instabilities in shock ignition. The simulations results showed that absolute stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) modes growing near the quarter-critical surface were saturated by Langmuir-wave Decay Instabilities (LDI) and pump depletion. The ion-acoustic waves from LDI acted as seeds of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering, which displayed a bursting pattern and caused strong pump depletion. Re-scattering of SRS at the 1/16th-critical surface was also observed in a high temperature case. These results largely agreed with the corresponding Particle-in-Cell simulations.
A molecular phylogeny of the Palaearctic and Oriental members of the tribe Boarmiini (Lepidoptera : Geometridae : Ennominae)
Authors: Jiang Nan , Li Xinxin , Hausmann Axel , Cheng Rui , Xue Dayong , Han Hongxiang
Published: June 2017

Owing to the high species diversity and the lack of a modern revision, the phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Boarmiini remain largely unexplored. In this study, we reconstruct the first molecular phylogeny of the Palaearctic and Oriental members of Boarmiini, and infer the relationships among tribes within the ‘boarmiine’ lineage. One mitochondrial (COI) and four nuclear (EF-1α, CAD, RpS5, GAPDH) genes for 56 genera and 96 species of Boarmiini mostly from the Palaearctic and Oriental regions were included in the study. Analyses of Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood recovered largely congruent results. The monophyly of Boarmiini is supported by our results. Seven clades and seven subclades within Boarmiini were found. The molecular results coupled with morphological studies suggested the synonymisation of Zanclopera Warren, 1894, syn. nov. with Krananda Moore, 1868. The following new combinations are proposed: Krananda straminearia (Leech, 1897) (comb. nov.), Krananda falcata (Warren, 1894) (comb. nov.), and Krananda fulva (Yazaki, 1994) (comb. nov.). Our results also supported the monophyly of the ‘boarmiine’ lineage. Boarmiini were recovered as sister to the remaining taxa within the ‘boarmiine’ lineage, and Macariini were recovered as sister to Abraxini, Eutoeini and Cassymini.
The grammaticalization of epistemicity in Ibero-Romance
Authors: Corr Alice
Published: June 2017

Typologically-unexpected overt expletives can be found in a restricted number of non-standard Ibero-Romance null-subject varieties. Historical data suggest that these overt expletives, which in today’s varieties show both discourse-oriented and expletive characteristics, have their origin in 15th century impersonal epistemic constructions. This article argues that it is the expletives’ epistemic origin which gives rise to, and thus explains, their present-day heterogeneous properties, in particular their function as a marker of epistemicity in a number of varieties. Despite undergoing the same mechanisms of change, the variation in modern Ibero-Romance is understood to be a consequence of the different stages and degrees of grammaticalization reached in each variety.
From verum to epistemic modality and evidentiality
Authors: Kocher Anna
Published: June 2017

In this article, I investigate the diachronic development of a construction in Modern Spanish. It consists of an epistemic or evidential modifier followed by the complementizer (hence Adv+C) that heads root clauses (SeguroAdvqueCviene‘Surely he/she will come’). I demonstrate that the distributional, semantic, and pragmatic properties support a monoclausal analysis for Modern Spanish Adv+C as well as for its historical source construction. I propose a cartographic analysis associating Adv+C and the source construction with a low position in Rizzi’s split CP. Supported by corpus data, I identify a verum focus construction (Aff+C) as the origin of Adv+C. I claim that the loss of the verum interpretation triggers the reanalysis of the construction. This ultimately gives rise to its productive extension to other epistemic and evidential modifiers.
On Englishturn outand Spanishresultarmirative constructions
Authors: Serrano-Losada Mario
Published: June 2017

This article focuses on the diachronic development of Englishturn outand Spanishresultar‘turn out’ mirative constructions. Having undergone processes of semantic generalization over time, both verbs express evidential and, most prominently, mirative nuances in the present-day languages. This study explores the mechanisms that condition the evolution ofturn outandresultarfrom their original meanings as lexical resultative and change-of-state verbs towards their eventual subjectification and grammaticalization as predicates conveying evidential and mirative senses. The present-day mirative constructions takethat- and infinitival complement clauses in both languages. The analysis suggested here shows that both verbs exhibit diverging, though closely related, paths and degrees of grammaticalization. Moreover, this study delves into the further development of these predicates as parenthetical expressions. While English parentheticalturns outhas already been grammaticalized, Spanishresultamay be on its way to becoming a grammaticalized parenthetical.
The evolution of egophoricity and evidentiality in the Himalayas
Authors: Widmer Manuel
Published: June 2017

The epistemic verbal categories “evidentiality” and “egophoricity” play an important role in the verbal systems of many Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayas. In the course of the past decades, our synchronic understanding of those grammatical categories has been considerably enhanced by numerous descriptive studies. However, little is still known about the diachronic processes that give rise to evidentiality and egophoricity. The article addresses this gap by discussing evidence from Bunan, a Tibeto-Burman language, for which the development of evidentiality and egophoricity in its past tense system can be reconstructed in detail. It is argued that the evolution of the two categories can be explained by reference to two processes: (i) the reanalysis of a resultative construction as an inferential past tense and (ii) the reanalysis of third person agreement markers as allophoric markers. In addition, it is maintained that the concept of Scalar Quantity Implicature is crucial to account for the evolution of the two categories.
The French language, gender, and the discursive construction of sexuality in Morocco
Authors: Hassa Samira
Published: June 2017

This study looks at the evolution of the discourse of sexuality in the Moroccan women’s magazineFemmes Du Maroc[Women of Morocco] from1997 to 2014(Femmes duMaroc 1997–2014), specifically how sexuality is discursively constructed by Moroccans and how this discourse has changed over time. The results show that sexual topics have become more visible on the covers of the magazine and that women’s sexual language has shifted from a timid, euphemistic discourse around the medical aspects of sex to a more assertive expression of women’s sexuality emphasizing playfulness and pleasure.
Modification of Olson–Cohen model for predicting stress-state dependency of martensitic transformation
Authors: Mansourinejad M. , Ketabchi M.
Published: June 2017

The well-known Olson–Cohen model is modified by incorporating the effect of stress state on the transformation kinetics in metastable austenitic stainless steels. By assuming isothermal condition, the relationships between the parameters of Olson–Cohen model, stress triaxiality and absolute value of Lode angle parameter have been established. The proposed model predicts that the saturation level and slope of transformation curve increase with increasing the stress triaxiality in addition to the absolute value of Lode angle parameter. Uniaxial and plane strain tension tests have been conducted on the two types of austenitic stainless steels AISI 304 and AISI 201 to evaluate the validity of the model. The results show that the predicted transformation curves are in good agreement with the experimental data.
High-temperature tribological studies of plasma-nitrided tool steels
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Kaur Manpreet , Singh Sunpreet , Joseph Alphonsa , Jhala Ghanshyam , Bhandari Sanjeev
Published: June 2017

During hot forging/forming operations, the die surface and near surface region is subjected to severe wear. The failure of dies originates from the surface region. In this research work, plasma nitriding was done on two hot forming tool steels namely AISI H11 and AISI H13. The aim is to develop a hard and wear resistance surface required for hot forming operations. The mechanical and microstructural properties of the developed nitrided layer were critically examined. Thereafter the tribological characteristics of the untreated and plasma-nitrided specimens were studied on high-temperature pin-on-disc tribometer under the constant load of 25 N, sliding speed 0.5 m s−1, sliding distance of 1500 m at different temperatures ranging from room temperature to 600°C. The results showed that the main wear mechanisms is predominantly adhesive at room temperatures and 200°C and a combination of adhesive and abrasive at elevated temperatures (400°C and 600°C).
Early protection to stress mediated by CDK-dependent PI3,5P2 signaling from the vacuole/lysosome
Authors: Jin Natsuko , Jin Yui , Weisman Lois S.
Published: June 2017

Adaptation to environmental stress is critical for cell survival. Adaptation generally occurs via changes in transcription and translation. However, there is a time lag before changes in gene expression, which suggests that more rapid mechanisms likely exist. In this study, we show that in yeast, the cyclin-dependent kinase Pho85/CDK5 provides protection against hyperosmotic stress and acts before long-term adaptation provided by Hog1. This protection requires the vacuolar/endolysosomal signaling lipid PI3,5P2. We show that Pho85/CDK5 directly phosphorylates and positively regulates the PI3P-5 kinase Fab1/PIKfyve complex and provide evidence that this regulation is conserved in mammalian cells. Moreover, this regulation is particularly crucial in yeast for the stress-induced transient elevation of PI3,5P2. Our study reveals a rapid protection mechanism regulated by Pho85/CDK5 via signaling from the vacuole/lysosome, which is distinct temporally and spatially from the previously discovered long-term adaptation Hog1 pathway, which signals from the nucleus.
How the Essay Film Thinks
Authors: Rascaroli Laura
Published: June 2017

Less than a decade ago the expression "essay film" was still encountered only sporadically; today, the term has been widely integrated into film criticism, and is increasingly adopted by filmmakers and artists worldwide to characterize their work-while continuing to offer a precious margin of resistance to closed definitions. Eschewing essentialist notions of genre and form, and bringing issues of practice and praxis to the fore, this book offers a novel understanding of the epistemological strategies that are mobilized by the essay film, and of where such strategies operate. On the backdrop of Theodor W. Adorno’s discussion of the essay form’s anachronistic, anti-systematic and disjunctive mode of resistance, and capitalizing on the centrality of the interstice in Gilles Deleuze’s understanding of the cinema as image of thought, the book discusses the essay film as future philosophy-as a contrarian, political cinema whose argumentation engages with us in a space beyond the verbal. A diverse range of case studies discloses how the essay can be a medium of thought on the basis of its dialectic use of audiovisual interstitiality. The book shows how the essay film’s disjunctive method comes to be realized at the level of medium, montage, genre, temporality, sound, narration, and framing-all of these emerging as interstitial spaces of intelligence that illustrate how essayistic meaning can be sustained, often in contexts of political, historical or cultural extremity. The essayistic urge is not to be identified with a fixed generic form, but is rather situated within processes of filmic thinking that thrive in gaps.
Epilogue
Authors: Azaransky Sarah
Published: June 2017

After 1959, there was a flowering of black internationalism and black religious internationalism among a new generation of activists and intellectuals—in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee’s trip to Africa, in Malcolm X’s citizen diplomacy, and in Stokely Carmichael’s 1967 journey to Cuba, North Vietnam, China, and Guinea....
Hayek and the Schools of Design
Authors: Mirowski Philip , Nik-Khah Edward
Published: June 2017

This chapter reveals the political undercurrents that carried along all the schools of market design. We document how key members of all three schools admitted that their work was a reaction to the original provocations of Friedrich Hayek and the neoliberals. Much of this involves their different approaches to information. Hence, information economics is not a simple consequence of mathematical tools, as many have asserted, but, rather, the increasing importance of neoliberalism in understanding the economy.
No One Defends the Status Quo
Authors: Wellman Christopher Heath
Published: June 2017

Chapter 8 assesses the current US criminal legal system. The chapter argues that when we evaluate this system through the lens of moral side constraints rather than in terms of general justifying aims, it becomes clear that we are not merely doing a poor job of achieving valuable ends, we are violating basic moral rights on a massive scale. Given our indefensible practices of overcriminalizing, overpunishing, incarcerating inmates in inhumane prison conditions, and doing all of this against a backdrop of systemic injustice, it is no exaggeration to condemn the status quo as a widespread and systematic human rights atrocity.
Ancient Statues, Christian City
Authors: Chatterjee Paroma
Published: June 2017

This chapter examines some of the public statues of Constantinople between the 4th and sixth centuries CE, and their significance to a Christian audience as illuminated in literary records pertaining to the city. The Parastaseis Syntomoi Chronikai account dated to the eighth century CE, which not only describes the statues in their historical urban settings, but also details various encounters of viewers with them. Roman Empire perception was perpetuated into the future and encapsulated by the statues. The statues proved themselves to be superior to Christian images, which, up until the ninth century CE, were repeatedly debated concerning their very validity. The statues, however, never suffered the official interrogation and violence their Christian counterparts did—adding to their charisma and appeal over generations. Constantinopolitan public statuary offers critical insights into the ways a controversial ancient heritage imbricated itself into the very fabric of Christian material infrastructure and endured.
From Kyōsei to Kyōei
Authors: McRae James
Published: June 2017

Kyōsei (symbiosis) is a Japanese philosophical paradigm that is the cornerstone for the Caux Round Table Principles of business ethics. Though this notion comes from the idea of mutualistic symbiotic relationships in the biological sciences, it has only recently been applied to the discipline of environmental ethics. Kyōsei is a normative ethical principle, and the adoption of kyōsei (symbiosis) by individuals, corporations, and governments can promote kyōei (mutual flourishing). The concept of noninterference (jū) promotes ethical conduct by encouraging respect for others and minimizes waste through the promotion of maximal efficiency. By using kyōsei as the guiding principle for international business and politics, we can create policies and laws that allow us to live sustainably and to flourish, both economically and ecologically.
KUKI Shūzō and Platonism
Authors: Tomosaburō Yamauchi
Published: June 2017

The aesthetic system of Japanese philosopher KUKI Shūzō exposes the value systems at the heart of our current environmental crisis. Kuki’s anthropology and aesthetics stand in sharp contrast to the Platonic metaphysics that forms the historical basis of Western value schemes. By focusing on becoming and nothingness rather than the permanence of the forms, Kuki develops a philosophy in which the love of nature is the fundamental ground of value. This forms the basis of an environmental aesthetic and ethic in which human flourishing is ultimately tied to the good of the environment.
Planetary Philosophy and Social Consensus Building
Authors: Toshio Kuwako
Published: June 2017

Kuwako has worked extensively in Japan to apply his expertise in environmental ethics to the resolution of practical environmental problems. The Ohashi River, which runs through Matsue City in the Izumo region and feeds the Hii River, has recently undergone extensive modification for flood control. This controversial project has been politically polarizing because of the tensions between human welfare, traditional cultural beliefs, sustainability, and environmental aesthetics. Changing the spatial structure of a community is both a cultural and a historical project that must take into account traditional beliefs about the relationship between human beings and the environment. The decision-making process for the development of social infrastructure should be grounded in meaningful citizen participation and should reflect the environmental values of the people.
Minding Previous Steps Taken
Authors: Thomas Brook
Published: June 2017

The chapter looks at new directions in law and literature from James Boyd White’s 1973 publication of The Legal Imagination to Julie Stone Peters’s 2005 announcement of the end of a movement. It focuses on different institutional spaces in which interdisciplinary work took place, including spaces outside the United States. This period saw developments in questions of politics, ethics, and aesthetics; drama, narrative, and interpretation; equity, sovereignty, and jurisdiction; race, class, and gender; copyright and censorship; torts and contracts; economics, marriage, inheritance, and crime. Thomas compares the rise of various organizations and journals devoted to law, literature, and the humanities with ones devoted to law and society. He stresses the continued need for scholars to engage work done in different spaces and times.
There’s No Such Thing as Interpreting a Text
Authors: Stone Martin Jay
Published: June 2017

Positively, this chapter sets out various structural differences between literary and legal interpretation. Negatively, it criticizes views of legal and literary interpretation that attempt to derive their features from an account of interpretation-in-general. The thesis that a successful interpretation always recovers an author’s intention is specifically rejected. A “naïve” view of interpretation is defended—the one that appears when we are sunk in practical activity—as opposed to theories of interpretation (e.g., “postmodern” ones) that tend to picture it as ubiquitous and endless.
Pluralism, Religion, and Democratic Culture
Authors: Visconsi Elliott
Published: June 2017

This article locates Nadeem Aslam’s 2004 novel Maps for Lost Lovers within a European politico-legal argument about religious free expression under Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights, demonstrating the novel’s engagement with the norms and lived experience of democratic pluralism under pressure. Maps for Lost Lovers is an intervention into the public argument about pluralism and assimilation in the United Kingdom, a narrative that illuminates the prescriptive regimes and structuring epiphenomena of law in post-9/11 Britain. Maps is an agenda-setting narrativization of a legal regime, and specifically a richly textured and individuated account the failures of democratic pluralism and social relations within an incompletely secularized polity. Like Aslam’s other fiction, Maps for Lost Lovers seeks to cultivate those habits of thought that can lead to collective engagement and political change.
Replicant Being
Authors: Wald Priscilla
Published: June 2017

In 1980, the Supreme Court determined that a genetically modified organism was patentable. Ten years later, the California Supreme Court ruled that a person did not have ownership rights in his cells. Both cases were crucial for the development of biotechnology as a multibillion dollar business. Both also contributed to changing conceptions of the human and of life itself. This chapter chronicles legal and political efforts to resolve the hazy definitions of life and the human as they move through the mainstream media and popular culture and contribute to an emerging narrative of humanity for a global age.
Weak Reparation
Authors: Dimock Wai Chee
Published: June 2017

“Weak Reparation” proposes a new methodological debate in law and literature, inspired by Eve Sedgwick’s “reparative reading” and broadening the discussion to enlist literature as a key player in the longstanding debate between punitive justice and reparative justice. Beginning with Faulkner’s attempt to make amends to Japan after the Second World War, the chapter explores his parallel effort to make amends to the displaced indigenous populations in Mississippi. Largely wishful on Faulkner’s part, this attempt at reparation becomes more grounded only when it is accidentally crowd-sourced, distributed to a weak network, with James Barnes and Lucien Stryk as newly added, input-bearing mediators.