bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPLICIT EXPRESSIONS FOR PRESSURE IN ACOUSTIC WAVES MULTIPLY REFLECTED FROM REFLECTING SURFACES OF CANONICAL FORM
Authors: Boyev N. V. , Kolosova A. V. , Todorov N. F.
Published: July 2014

In fra mework of the geometrical diffraction theory, the explicit expressions for the pre s sure in waves arbitrarily re reflected N times from a contour, boundary surfaces of the cylindrical and spherical refle c tors are obtained. Pressure expressions in the recept ion point for reflectors of the canonical form are obtained on the basis of 2D and 3D sol utions to the problems on the pressure determination in the acoustical wave re - reflected from a set of reflectors in the case of high - frequency oscillations. The pro blem in its general formulation is studied on the basis of a modified physical diffraction of Kirchhoff diffraction theory. Within the frames of the proposed modification , diffraction int egrals which leading terms for asymptotic expansions are studied throug h the multidimensional stationary phase tec h nique, are obtained. The developed analytical expressions for the pressure in the re - reflected wave conform to the GTD. For all three cases, these expressions are connected with calculating the N - th order dete r mi nant (in the 2D case), and of the 2N - th order determinants (for reflectors in 3D space). An analytical and numerical analysis of the obtained expressions versus distances between a source and a receiver from the reflecting surfac e is pe rformed. The acousti c wave focusing points are marked. The problem of replacing non - plane reflectors by plane ones in the applied problems of acoustics is discussed.
ON PRESENTATION OF LINEAR OPERATORS COMMUTING WITH DIFFERENTIATION IN SIMPLY-CONNECTED DOMAIN
Authors: Bratishchev A. V.
Published: July 2014

Let   H G be a space of analytic functions of one variable in simply - connected domain G of the complex plane. It is known that a linear complex convolution operator is generated by a one - variable analytic function, a multivalued one in general. A known problem when all such functions are single - valued is solved. As it turned out, the solution to the problem is connected with the geometry of G domain. Set   s G with property   s G G G   is termed re sidue of G domain. A class of simply connected regions whose residue is a connected set is described. Let the linear operator be continuous in function space, analytical in simply - connected domain G, and let it commute with diffe rentiation. Then it can be reduced to a complex convoluti on operator. It is proved that the function generating such an operator will always be single - valued for regions with a connected residue. When the residue of region G is not connected, there is always a complex convolution operator with a multivalued func tion generating a kernel.
RESEARCH ON APPLICABILITY OF BIONIC TECHNIQUES OF ARTIFICIAL BEE COLONIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF CLASSICAL TRANSPOSITION CIPHER CRYPTANALYSIS
Authors: Chernyshev Yury Olegovich , Sergeyev Alexander Sergeyevich , Dybrov Engeny Olegovich , Ryazanov Alexander Nikolaeyvich
Published: July 2014

The applicability of the bionic techniques of artificial bee colonies for the implementation of the classical transpos ition cipher cryptanalysis is considered. The problem is a classical optimization problem to the solution of which the known techniques of artificial bee colonies fallen within a relatively new class of bioinspired opti mization methods are applied. It is shown that this is a subproblem of allocation, and it can b e solved with an artificial bee colony algorithm, as the bee behavior principle is a self - organization delivering a collective swarm goal. А t the first stage, a set of promising areas - sources is formed with the aid of scout - bees, at the second stage, the n eighborhood of these areas is explored with the aid of foraging bees. At this, the main goal of the bee colony is to find a source with a maximum amount of nectar. Solution representation methods (positions in search space) are considered , a formula for de termining an object function value (amount of nectar) is given. It is shown that the target search i s the d etermination of an optimal symbol combination with the highest value of the objective function. Princ iple stages of the artificial bee colony algorit hm, as well as an example of its application, are given. Keywords:
STRATIFIED THREE-LAYER LUBRICANT FLOW IN THE GAP OF ELASTICALLY DEFORMABLE THRUST BEARING WITH INCREASED CARRYING CAPACITY
Authors: Akhverdiyev Kamill Samedovich , Prikhodko Victor Markovich , Mitrofanov Sergey Vladimirovich , Kopotun Boris Evgenyevich
Published: July 2014

On the basis of Navier — Stokes linear equations for the case of Lame “ thin layer ”, a technique of generating an exact self - similar solution to the hydrodynamic calculation of the elastically deformable thrust bearing with the pr ofile adapted to its bearing surface operating on a three - layer lubricant is presented. The effect of the par ameters characterizing the adapted contour supporting the slider surface, the su p porting layer deformation, viscous layer ratio, and their length, on the basic performance of the thrust bearing is evaluated. These paramete r values provi ding a rational oper ation according to the carrying capacity and friction force of the relevant thrust bearing are d efined. Furthermore, the optimal variation ranges of the constructive, operating, and all the functio nal parameters dete r mining the bearing performance, are set . The obtained results allow creating the database for designing thrust bearings operating on the three - layer lubrication.
ROBUST NONLINEAR SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR EXCITATION SYSTEM: INTEGRAL ADAPTATION
Authors: Kuzmenko Andrey Alexandrovich , Sinitsyn Alexander Sergeyevich
Published: July 2014

The application of a new system - cybernetic approach to the power system synchronous generator control with r egard to their nonlinearity, multidimensionality, and multicoupling, is shown. The main study subject is a nonlinear model of the synchronous generator operating for a high power network. A synergistic synthesis procedure o f the nonlinear adaptive control law for power system synchronous generator excitation in accordance with the principle of the integrated adaptation of syn ergetic control theory is presented. The synthesized control law provides the implementation of technological invariants, i.e. stabilization of terminal voltage, and a synchronou s operation with the network, suppression of parametric perturbation (parametr ic robustness). The obtained results have shown their efficiency in improving power system stability problem. A comparative analysis of the stabilit y area with the synergistic law, and with the conventional synchronous generator excitation controller has i llustrated the significant advantage of the synergetic approach.
Diversity of Soil Macrofauna at Different Stages of the Age of Sengonâ€™s Stand in Jatirejo, Kediri
Authors: SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO
Published: July 2014

Soil fauna have important roles on increasing and maintaining soil productivity through itâ€™s function on organic decomposition processes, and optimizing physics, chemist and biology of soil characters. The research was conducted to investigate structure of the community of soil macrofauna from different stages of the age of sengonâ€™s (Paraserianthes falcataria) stand in wet season of year 2000. Pit fall trap and hand-shorting methods were used to catch soil macrofauna. Sampling was done on 8 different age stages (year) of sengon plant each with triplicate repetition. Twenty-seven macrofauna species in the soil and 26 macrofauna species in soil surface were found in this study. Those species belong to the phylum of Mollusc, Annelid and Arthropod. Pontoscolex sp and Lobopelta ocellifera were species that having high important value. Similarities analysis resulting in an index of 65% indicatinglow level of diversity differences among soil macrofauna from different ages of the sengon stand. Simple correlationanalysis indicates that macrofauna diversity in the soil was closely related with soil organic content, domination ofground vegetation and soil humidity; while macrofauna diversity of soil surface was closely related with the level oflight penetration.Â© 2000 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: diversity, soil macrofauna, sengon stand.
Application of Modern Experimental Technique to Solve Morphological Complexity in Plants Taxonomy
Authors: SURANTO SURANTO
Published: July 2014

Modern taxonomy has two approaches, i.e. classical and experimental taxonomy. Classical taxonomy uses morphological characters, while experimental taxonomy uses broader methods including chemistry, physics and mathematics, in the form of laboratory data that are revealed together with the progress of optical technique (microscope), chemistry methods (chromatography, electrophoresis), etc. Modern taxonomy tends to use series of interrelated data. More data used would result in more validity and give better clarification of taxonomic status. A lot of modern taxonomic data such as palynology, cytotaxonomy (cytology), chemical constituent (chemotaxonomy), isozyme and DNA sequencing were used recently.Â© 2001 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: modern taxonomy, palynology, cytotaxonomy, chemical constituent, isozyme.
“To see the Issue of these his exorbitant practices”: A Response to “The Dispossessed Eighteenth Century”
Authors: Kazanjian David
Published: July 2014

This essay responds to the articles included in the special issue of ECTI, “The Dispossessed Eighteenth Century,” and uses its response to those essays, plus a reading of archival documents from a law suit brought by a slaveholder against a former slave, to argue that racialized systems of accumulation during the eighteenth century proceeded by dispossession and possession all at once.
Dispossession and Civil Society: The Ambivalence of Enlightenment Political Philosophy
Authors: Ahmed Siraj
Published: July 2014

This essay offers an overview of the contradictory logics of possessiveness and property rights in political-economic thought from Thomas Hobbes to Adam Smith to David Hume, using Thomas Macauley’s remarks on Britain’s colonial efforts in India an dplacing those within the genealogy of liberal thought on the organization of civil society. The essay argues that the origins of civil society lie in dispossession, and it relocates colonial degeneration not abroad, but within the European metropole.
Transversing the Circuit of Dispossession
Authors: da Silva Denise Ferreira
Published: July 2014

This commentary essay highlight how the articles published in this special issue trace the dis/continuities that expose how accumulation of capital hangs on a circuit of labour and land dispossession (through both enclosure and conquest) involving at least four continents - namely Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas (here including the Caribbean). It seizes upon their articulation of geographic points on circuits of dispossession and finds an overall account of how the maritime (and land) routes of mercantile and industrial capital designed the terrain of financial (global) capital: a juridic, economic, and ethic assemblage sustained by dead and living labour.
The Political Economy of the English Rogue
Authors: Joseph Betty
Published: July 2014

Rogue narratives represent figures who are, on the one hand, economically and political dispossessed, and on the other, free from constrains of religious morality, social mores and the law. Social marginality allows these figures in texts like The English Rogue (1665), to transform their rootlessness into instantiations of political economy, especially the notion of a market which scripts and codes value onto contentless things through exchange and circulation. As a figure that has no private property to speak of, the rogue’s use of his own body in acts of consumption and exchange reveals a complex early-modern understanding of the links between the sex-gender economy and political economy.
Contemporary Johnson
Authors: Lipking Lawrence
Published: July 2014

A review of Greg Clingham and Philip Smallwood (eds.), Samuel Johnson After 300 Years (2009). The contributors to this collection attempt to connect Johnson to recent developments in literature and theory.
Drawn Dry with Thanks and Compliments: Blake and the Gift
Authors: Michael Jennifer Davis
Published: July 2014

Review of Blake’s Gifts: Poetry and the Politics of Exchange by Sarah Haggarty (Cambridge UP, 2010).
Natural Histories of Indigenous Resistance: Alexander Anderson and the Caribs of St. Vincent
Authors: Kim Julie Chun
Published: July 2014

This article examines the manuscript writings of Alexander Anderson, the superintendent or head of the royal botanic garden in St. Vincent from 1785 to 1811. Although Anderson is a relatively unknown figure, his works provide an important account of Britain’s conquest of the island’s indigenous Carib population, which was removed from St. Vincent at the conclusion of the Second Carib War (1795–1796). A paper war was also fought alongside the military war, as colonists crafted narratives about the Caribs that cast them as Africans, versus Amerindians, and hence undercut any claims they had to the island based on first possession. Yet ambiguities in eighteenth-century thought about indigeneity raised questions about the racial classification of the St. Vincent Caribs. In particular, in a natural history of St. Vincent, Anderson challenged the British deportation of the Caribs. As recent scholarship has shown, the genre of natural history was one that blended considerations of science and politics. Anderson’s natural history similarly conflated questions of plant and human origins to suggest both the agency of the Caribs and their rights to the lands of St. Vincent.
“A Fixed Melancholy”: Migration, Memory, and the Middle Passage
Authors: Mallipeddi Ramesh
Published: July 2014

Given the high mortality rates aboard slave ships, the Middle Passage was known as a “voyage of death.” Disease and death, sickness and mortality, profoundly characterized the lives of Africans during the Atlantic crossing. This essay examines the subjective experience of dispossession, focusing in particular on a psychosomatic disease that was thought to be endemic to Africans forcibly migrated from home: “fixed melancholy.” Drawing on tracts on nautical medicine, slave ship captains’ journals, and evidence generated by the Parliamentary Committee’s testimonies, I argue that “fixed melancholy” is best understood as a form of nostalgia, an affective attempt at return that is simultaneously a symptom of the emotional distress produced by dislocation and a mechanism for slaves to resist their conditions of servitude. Via a brief reading of the opening chapters of Olaudah Equiano’s Interesting Narrative, I also show how nostalgia—or the memory of place—continued to exert a residual influence on the emancipatory imagination in black diaspora.
The Transports of Lascar Specters: Dispossessed Indian Sailors in Women’s Romantic Poetry
Authors: Garcia Humberto
Published: July 2014

This article historicizes Mary Robinson’s “The Lascar, in Two Parts,” published in her Lyrical Tales (1800), and Jane Taylor’s “The Shipwrecked Lascar” (1817), Romantic poems that deploy the affective epistemology of sympathy to describe the plight of Lascars or East Indian sailors while neutralizing their presence in the name of female-oriented philanthropy. It traces two phases in the expansion and contraction of the Lascar surplus labor population in England, from 1800 to 1814 and from 1815 to 1823 respectively. Robinson’s poem records the first phase: the pauperization of migrant Indian workers abandoned in British seaports by callous captains who stole their wages. Taylor’s poem records the second phase: the expulsion of Lascars from the nation to accommodate disbanded British seamen returning from the Napoleonic Wars. While previous scholars have shown how abolitionist Englishwomen co-opted the trope of black slavery to reposition themselves in the public sphere, this article extends their analysis to show how the metropolitan witnessing of black Asian sailors required a different moral-sentimental economy than that of black Africans, one committed to a strict policy of enclosure and repatriation rather than abolition.
Introduction: The Dispossessed Eighteenth Century
Authors: Rosenberg Jordana , Yang Chi-ming
Published: July 2014

This Introduction to our special journal issue is organized around the concept and lived history of dispossession. Its immediate occasion is provoked as much by our current, post-2008 economic crisis as by the legacy of domestic and imperial enclosures in the British Empire of the long eighteenth century. We trace recent debates on dispossession and settler colonialism to Marx’s writings on primitive accumulation and debt, alongside his eighteenth-century sources, with particular attention to the prominent role assigned to Asian states for Enlightenment theorists of absolutism and twenty-first century theorists of capitalism alike. To the extent that recent debates in political economy have centered on China and India as potential rival hegemons to U.S. power, we note that the specter of the “Asiatic” has shaped and continues to shape and disrupt Western chronologies of capitalist development. Moreover, the history of capitalist production—with its attendant crises and violent consolidations of power and resources—must be studied through the development of slavery and race. We argue that literary and materialist approaches to these interconnected phenomena can illuminate the ways in which capitalism’s baleful and bloodthirsty proscriptions have been discursively sedimented; so, too, have otherwise-occluded histories of resistance become aesthetically encoded. The perspicacity and the Eurocentrism of the longue durée approach toward the history of world economic change continue to confront historians and theorists alike, and it is this conversation between history and theory—across time and space—that we foreground here.
Homo sacer , soberanía e incesto en La vida es sueño
Authors: Intersimone Luis Alfredo
Published: July 2014

Situada en el siglo XVII, en un momento de transición entre dos tipos de soberanía, La vida es sueño (1635), de Pedro Calderónde la Barca, escenifica el nuevo nomos político que llega a España: la soberanía absoluta y su estado de excepción. Por tal razón, se puede ver en Segismundo el doble estatuto aporético del homo sacer , quien encarna la aporía política del derecho jurídico moderno como Soberano y proscrito a la vez. En tanto “muerto vivo” que comporta una doble esencia, el personaje representa la borradura derridiana entre naturaleza y cultura. Esto permite explicar las sucesivas metamorfosis de Segismundo como monstruo, hombre lobo, Cristo/Anticristo, Kalumniator y Edipo, que prolongan el cuerpo místico del rey al reproducir el mismo acto incestuoso de Basilio. El incesto parece ser, en efecto, una prerrogativa constante del Soberano a lo largo de la historia, una marca o estigma de su estado de excepción.
Sergio González Rodríguez: literatura y pensamiento en la edad de la catástrofe
Authors: Sánchez Prado Ignacio M.
Published: July 2014

Este artículo es un estudio del trabajo ensayístico de Sergio González Rodríguez. En él se argumenta que, en libros como El centauro en el paisaje (1992) o De sangre y sol (2006), González Rodríguez busca construir un nuevo espacio para la especificidad del pensamiento literario en el contexto de la contemporaneidad. Al invocar formas de pensamiento esoté-rico y recuperar ideas sobre la modernidad literaria, su trabajo sigue el de autores como Roberto Calasso y Claudio Magris en la reconfiguraciónde problemas como el cosmopolitismo y la ideología literaria en la época contemporánea.
Picaresca literaria: estrategias alarconianas de reapropiación en “El Amigo de la Muerte”
Authors: Martín Juan Jesús Payán
Published: July 2014

El estudio sobre “El Amigo de la Muerte” (1852), de Pedro Antonio de Alarcón, se ha desarrollado hasta la fecha alrededor de dos debates específicos: su conexión con la tradición oral europea y su discutida adscripciónalgénero fantástico. Dichas aproximaciones han dado frutos provechosos, pero limitados, ya que se han visto mediatizadas por expectativas tomadas de parámetros predeterminados ajenos al texto. En este artículo, tras una revisión somera de ambos debates, me enfoco en la función central del subtexto antigalicista y en las estrategias de reapropiación literaria localizables dentro del relato. Como propongo demostrar, los rasgos específicos que caracterizan “El Amigo de la Muerte”, y que se desvían tanto del modelo folclórico como de formulaciones estandarizadas de lo fantástico, proceden del deseo del autor de contrarrestar el influjo francés por medio de la crítica explícita y la readopción estratégica en coordenadas nacionales del pícaro Gil Blas de Alain-René Lesage.
La escritura como marca y máscara del significante ausente: Leonardo Padura y la visible ausencia de Guillermo Cabrera Infante
Authors: Hammerschmidt Claudia
Published: July 2014

Leonardo Padura es un autor fundamentalmente reconocido como innovador del género policial o neopolicial cubano. En mi análisis, sin embargo, enfoco las estrategias explícitas e implícitas con las que se inscribe dentro de la historia literaria cubana y recupera un pasado largamente negado por la censura oficial de la isla. Me refiero en especial a su velada relación con uno de los más importantes autores cubanos del exilio, Guillermo Cabrera Infante, implícitamente presente en La neblina del ayer (2005) y El hombre que amaba a los perros (2009). Analizo la técnica utilizada por Padura de “negar la negación” e interpreto su escritura como máscara que visibiliza lo que parece esconder al imitar el mecanismo del ocultamiento. Intento demostrar que, de esta manera, al circunscribir el significante ausente, Padura logra escenificar la paradoja de la representación, continúa las técnicas escriturarias de Cabrera Infante e instala al autor exiliado como centro secreto en por lo menos dos de sus novelas.
Justice, Charity, or Alibi?: Humanitarianism, Human Rights, and "Humanity Law"
Authors: Leebaw Bronwyn
Published: July 2014

In Humanity’s Law, Ruti Teitel argues that international humanitarian law and international human rights law have come together to form a novel and distinctive set of norms. Teitel argues further that this new set of norms, which she refers to as "humanity law," constitutes a "dynamic unwritten constitution" of the contemporary international legal order. Humanity’s Law is not a triumphal narrative of legal progress or of law’s ability to transcend violent conflict, but an intricate reckoning with the possibilities, internal tensions, and uncertainties inherent in contemporary international law. This essay examines her claims and contends that "humanity law," as analyzed by Teitel, functions simultaneously as a basis for justice, as a framework for charity or rescue, and as an alibi for state-sponsored violence.
International Legal Fields
Authors: Özsu Umut
Published: July 2014

This essay reviews three recent collections of international legal scholarship. Demonstrating that all three volumes are organized around the tension between formalism and anti-formalism, the essay argues that no adequate account of contemporary international law can be developed without attending both to its internal normative architecture and to its receptivity to competing extralegal forces. Relying on the work of Pierre Bourdieu, the essay suggests that any such account must necessarily involve a sustained investigation into the formation and operation of “international legal fields.”
Between Communal Survival and National Aspiration: Armenian Genocide Refugees, the League of Nations, and the Practices of Interwar Humanitarianism
Authors: Watenpaugh Keith David
Published: July 2014

While the cause of the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire had played an important role in shaping Western attitudes and ideas about humanitarian intervention and national self-determination, the collapse of efforts to create an Armenian state in the wake of genocide and World War I led the nascent League of Nations to elaborate efforts within the repertoire of humanitarianism to preserve the Armenians as a distinct community. Those efforts bring into relief evolving interwar thought and policies about refugees, human trafficking, and the place of international institutions in the protection of civilians. The practical failures of the League’s projects provided a field in which “rights talk” could take place and the modern refugee régime emerge.
Elusive Neutrality: Christian Humanitarianism and the Question of Palestine, 1948–1967
Authors: Cohen G. Daniel
Published: July 2014

This article examines the history of Protestant humanitarian interventions on behalf of Palestinian refugees between 1948 and 1967. Deeply concerned with Arab suffering, Protestant churches organized under the World Council of Churches were also theologically committed to a new “Christian approach to the Jews” in the aftermath of the Holocaust. Commitment to neutrality, however, could not keep politics at bay. Indeed, the hallmark of Protestant humanitarianism in the Middle East was a permanent struggle between claims of justice and impartial benevolence, universal human rights and Christian Zionism, empathy for Palestinian victimhood and identification with Jews as symbols of historical injustice.
State Rights against Private Capital: The “New International Economic Order” and the Struggle over Aid, Trade, and Foreign Investment, 1962–1981
Authors: Ogle Vanessa
Published: July 2014

Starting in the 1960s, Third World countries organized at the United Nations to achieve full economic independence. The “New International Economic Order” (NIEO) movement drafted charters and declarations, which placed the right to control natural resource industries and foreign direct investment squarely in the hands of newly decolonized nation-states. During the 1973 oil crisis, NIEO influence peaked. When debt and conditional loans followed in the wake of 1973, the NIEO’s leverage was removed. Instead of state-based right claims, the 1970s generally saw the triumph of the “last utopia” of individual human rights. It was mirrored by the rise of another anti-statist utopia, neoliberalism.
Berkeley’s Lockean Religious Epistemology
Authors: Pearce Kenneth L.
Published: July 2014

Berkeley’s main aim in his well-known early works was to identify and refute “the grounds of Scepticism, Atheism, and Irreligion.” This appears to place Berkeley within a well-established tradition of religious critics of Locke's epistemology, including, most famously, Stillingfleet. I argue that these appearances are deceiving. Berkeley is, in fact, in important respects an opponent of this tradition. According to Berkeley, Locke’s earlier critics, including Stillingfleet, had misidentified the grounds of irreligion in Locke’s philosophy while all the while endorsing the true grounds of irreligion themselves. Locke’s epistemology is innocent; matter and abstraction are to blame.
Michael Oakeshott and the Left
Authors: O’Sullivan Luke
Published: July 2014

This article examines Oakeshott’s attitude to three different strands of left-wing thought: Marxism and Communism; Fabianism and democratic socialism; and anarchism and the Frankfurt school. The lasting legacy of his early adherence to socialist thought was an adherence to a romantic political individualism. It traces the transformation of his political vocabulary from a discourse of the general will to one of civil association, and argues that while he became increasingly hostile to Marxist and socialist thought, his later conservatism was informed by an enduring romanticism that allowed him to sympathize with anarchism even in his old age.
The Dialogue between Catholics and Communists in Italy during the 1960s
Authors: Saresella Daniela
Published: July 2014

This article addresses the problem of relationship between the Catholic and Marxist worlds in Italy in the Sixties. In a country with the largest Communist Party of the West and home to the Vatican, in the council and post-council years some intellectuals tried to create the conditions for a dialogue between the two cultures: books and articles were thus published in magazines and journals. The dialogue would have repercussions in the Seventies when Aldo Moro and Enrico Berlinguer hypothesized not only a cultural and a intellectual collaboration but also a political one, between the Communist Party and the Christian Democrats.
The Place of Paradise in Renaissance Jewish Thought
Authors: Berns Andrew D.
Published: July 2014

Renaissance Jews thought that Paradise existed on earth, and could be found. To their minds its most conspicuous property was the fertility of its soil, quality of its climate, and salubriousness of its produce. That they approached Paradise in this manner demonstrates their preference for natural, as opposed to theological, explanations of Eden. One such Jew was Judah Saltaro, the author of an unstudied composition on terrestrial Paradise. This article introduces Saltaro, explores connections between trends in Renaissance thought—dietetics, natural philosophy, and writings about the New World—and explains how those trends altered Hebraic traditions of the late Renaissance.
Probabilism Reconsidered: Deference to Experts, Types of Uncertainty, and Medicines
Authors: Schwartz Daniel
Published: July 2014

Probabilist moral theologians held that, in situations of uncertainty, it is morally permissible for an expert to defer to an opinion regarded as less probable than his own (which he retains unchanged). Probabilism has been customarily taken to answer the question: “how should I act in circumstances of moral uncertainty?” I argue that originally it constituted an answer to the very different question: “what weight should experts assign to the opinions of their peers when providing advice to laymen?” Critics charged that medical cases show that probabilism is wrong. I analyze three attempts by probabilists to address this charge.
The Way to Become a Female Sage: Im Yunjidang’s Confucian Feminism
Authors: Kim Sungmoon
Published: July 2014

Is there a counterpart to John Stuart Mill or Mary Wollstonecraft in the Confucian tradition? If so, who is it? This paper aims to introduce and examine the philosophical thought of a Korean female neo-Confucian thinker named Im Yunjidang 任允摯堂 (1721-1793) who ardently pursued Confucian sagehood and upheld moral equality between men and women by creatively reinterpreting Confucian classics as well as advancing a sophisticated neo-Confucian philosophy of human nature and moral self-cultivation. I try to make sense of Yunjidang’s “Confucian feminism” by paying attention to the neo-Confucian philosophical context in late Chosŏn Korea, in which Yunjidang was deeply embedded.
Russian Comitatives and the Ambiguity of Adjunction
Authors: Larson Bradley
Published: July 2014

There is a conundrum in the study of comitative constructions in Slavic. It has long been an assumption that the construction is best analyzed through two structurally distinct representations: noun modification by a comitative prepositional phrase and verb modification by a comitative prepositional phrase. Another analysis has been proposed that derives the distinctions in the construction not from differential attachment sites but rather via differential movement of comitative phrase and its host. In this view, the comitative phrase always adjoins to the host DP, but is sometimes stranded by movement. This paper presents empirical and theoretical arguments against these analyses using data from Russian. It is shown that both differential attachment site analyses and differential movement analyses cannot account for the construction. This conundrum is avoided by adopting a “decomposed Merge”-style analysis to derive structural ambiguity in the construction. Under this analysis the ambiguity is an effect of attachment type, not movement or attachment site. This analysis also provides a new avenue to capture the facts that pertain to plural pronoun comitatives. Russian is the test case here for the sake of concision; however the analysis should extend to the rest of the Slavic languages.
Russian Case System Acquisition among Russian–Hebrew Speaking Children
Authors: Schwartz Mila , Minkov Miriam
Published: July 2014

The aim of this exploratory study is to examine bilingual Russian–Hebrew-speaking children’s performance on the complex Case System in Russian. The speech of six early sequential bilinguals and three simultaneous bilinguals is analyzed for the quality and quantity of errors. Monolingual data came from two sources. The first source was the error rate of case and number by two normally developing monolingual Russian-speaking children, collected recently in the former Soviet Union. The second source was qualitative reports on error types made by monolingual children in the course of Case System acquisition. The following research questions were examined: (i) Are there differences between bilingual children and age-matched monolingual Russian-speaking children in Russian Case System acquisition? (ii) Are there differences between simultaneous and early sequential bilinguals in Russian Case System acquisition? Speech of bilingual children was recorded individually and monthly over a seven-month period, 20 minutes per month per child. Error analysis of the bilingual speech was conducted regarding the following target variables: noun oblique cases (Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Instrumental, and Prepositional), noun number (singular and plural), and the three declensions. The results show quantitative differences between simultaneous bilinguals, early sequential bilinguals, and monolinguals in Russian Case System acquisition.
Every Kid Doesn’t Speak English
Authors: Fitzgibbons Natalia
Published: July 2014

This paper provides arguments based on Czech, Polish, Russian, and Serbo-Croatian that distributive universal subjects of negated sentences allow the surface scope interpretation on the order subject > negation , contrary to. This observation agrees with theories of negative concord that take negative concord items as universal quantifiers taking scope above sentential negation. The arguments are based on available scope interpretations and correlations between word order and scope.
Sequentiality-Futurity Links
Authors: Lichtenberk Frantisek
Published: July 2014

Proto-Oceanic had a clausal coordinator *ka ‘and then’, which expressed sequential relations between propositions. Proto–Central-Eastern Oceanic had a future tense marker *i. The present paper provides (further) evidence for reconstructing both *ka and *i. In some languages, the reflex of *ka has developed into a general coordinating conjunction ‘and’ that does not signal sequentiality. Consideration of the functions of the reflexes of the two protoforms reveals two kinds of links between sequentiality and futurity. First, in some languages the reflexes of *ka and *i cooccur in a word: the future tense-marking forms are based on the sequentiality-marking forms. And second, in some languages the reflex of sequentiality-marking *ka has come to mark future tense (or irrealis or inceptive aspect). Contrary to Reesink’s (2005) suggestion, Proto-Oceanic *ka did not have its origin in a Papuan language; in fact, it itself was a reflex of a Proto-Austronesian form.
Ethnic Language Use and Ethnic Identity for Sarawak Indigenous Groups in Malaysia
Authors: Ting Su-Hie , Rose Louis
Published: July 2014

This paper examines the link between strength of ethnic identity and extent of ethnic language use for some indigenous speech communities in Sarawak, Malaysia. The domains of language use examined are mass media, education, transactions, friendship, religion, and family. A total of 568 indigenous adolescents in six secondary schools in Sarawak from both urban and rural localities participated in a survey. The results show that ethnic language use is the most extensive among the Penan, followed by the Iban, Saban, and Kelabit. Ethnic language use is relatively low for the Kenyah, Melanau, Murut, and Bidayuh. The findings suggest that ethnic language use is more extensive in groups that are numerically dominant, who live in their ancestral home area, and whose language has less regional variation. However, participants from various Sarawak indigenous groups were similar in their positive attitudes toward their ethnic identity, and the range of variation is narrow. The results indicate that strength of ethnic identity and extent of ethnic language use are not directly linked for the Sarawak indigenous speech communities examined. In such contexts, language maintenance may not be the main reason for cultural maintenance, even though it is still relevant for the preservation of cultural knowledge.
The Status of Subject and Object Markers in Pakin Lukunosh Mortlockese
Authors: Odango Emerson Lopez
Published: July 2014

Subject and object markers go by a variety of names in the literature on Oceanic languages. Few authors, however, clarify the morphophonological and morpho-syntactic status of such elements. This paper investigates the status of subject and object markers in the Pakin geolect of the Lukunosh dialect of Mortlockese, a minority language spoken in the Federated States of Micronesia. Through the application of morphophonological and morphosyntactic tests established in the literature, I conclude that (i) subject markers are proclitics that have ambiguous interpretation as either anaphoric agreement (arguments) or grammatical agreement, and (ii) object markers are suffixes that show a split: (a) the third person singular object suffix behaves like a general transitivity marker when there is an overt object, and (b) both the third person singular object suffix and the other nonthird person singular object suffixes behave like anaphoric agreement when there is no overt object.
Grammaticalization of Predicative Possession in Nanwang Puyuma and as a Basis for Reconstruction in PA n
Authors: Teng Stacy Fang-ching
Published: July 2014

In Puyuma, the marker i - is used to express meanings of wearing, possession, instrumentality, and existence. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how these different meanings can be related and what the developmental path is. It is suggested that the original meaning of this marker is ‘carry, wear’, and that this was later grammaticalized to give the meanings of possession and instrumentality. The meaning of existence is the result of a later development. Evidence from other Formosan languages also shows that the morpheme *Si-, meaning ‘wear, carry’, can be reconstructed to Proto-Austronesian, and thus supports our hypothesis.
An Innovated Possessor Suffix and Category in Central Choiseul
Authors: Palmer Bill
Published: July 2014

Oceanic languages typically display possessor-indexing suffixes that distinguish the usual four Oceanic person categories, along with at least singular and plural. However, a group of languages of central Choiseul (Solomon Islands), including Ririo, Babatana, and Sisiqa, display only three possessor-indexing suffixes. Two reflect Proto-Oceanic forms and index 1 sg and 2 sg possessors. The third, an innovated form, indexes all other person number categories (that is, 3 sg and all nonsingular categories). This paper investigates the formal and structural characteristics of this innovated non-1/2 sg suffix. It examines the phenomenon in each of the three languages, including allomorphy of the suffix, and the manner in which person and number categories are expressed in the presence of the innovated suffix. In terms of the former, it finds each language displays different allomorphy patterns, with both - e and - a occurring, along with - i when following a high vowel. Various other factors are at play in one or more languages, including vowel harmony and presuffix vowel loss. In terms of the coding of non-1/2 sg person and number categories, the paper finds that the innovated suffix licenses a possessor NP that may contain a lexical noun or dependent pronoun. However, in the absence of an overt possessor NP, the suffix prompts a default 3 sg reading.
Greater Awyu and Greater Ok: Inheritance or Contact?
Authors: van den Heuvel Wilco , Fedden Sebastian
Published: July 2014

This is a study of the relation between the Greater Awyu (Awyu-Dumut, Ndeiram, and Becking-Dawi) and the Greater Ok (Ok and Oksapmin) languages, both considered part of the Trans-New Guinea (TNG) group of languages. The first part of this paper considers an earlier proposal by Voorhoeve, who argues that the Awyu-Dumut languages and the Ok languages form a (genealogical) subgroup within TNG, basing his conclusion on a combination of lexical evidence and a single piece of evidence from shared bound morphology. We review the lexical evidence, and then look for additional cases of bound morphology shared between the two groups. As we do not find any cases of shared bound morphology that convincingly support a genealogical subgrouping, we conclude that the similarities between the Greater Awyu and Greater Ok languages are more likely to be the result of contact, rather than of genealogical ties below the level of TNG. The second part of this study discusses the question of whether contact was old or more recent, and focuses on contact between the two neighboring languages Muyu (Ok) and Mandobo (Awyu-Dumut). Speakers of the two languages share many cultural traits, and contacts between the two groups, through trade and intermarriage, are rather intensive. We show that, despite contact, linguistic similarities are surprisingly few, and we suggest some explanations for this.
Dobel Historical Phonology
Authors: Blust Robert
Published: July 2014

The Aru Islands of the southern Moluccas in eastern Indonesia are linguistically among the most neglected regions in the Austronesian world. This paper draws on a published vocabulary of about 1,000 words for Dobel, spoken in east-central Aru, and outlines its historical development from Proto–Malayo-Polynesian. Extensive sound change has concealed the origins of a number of forms that become apparent through application of the comparative method. One of the most salient features of Dobel and some other languages of the Moluccas is glide fortition, a development that has been misunderstood by some historical linguists, who have appealed to it to propose Proto-Austronesian reconstructions that are clearly misconceived.
Extending the theory of shifting erogenous zones to men’s tattoos
Authors: Reilly Andrew
Published: July 2014

The theory of shifting erogenous zones was originally intended to provide a rationale for fashion changes by suggesting that men were attracted to women based on eroticized body parts. This theory lost favour as an explanation of fashion change partly due to the second wave of feminism and partly due to the (over-) exposure of the body in today’s revealing fashions. However, I argue that tattoos now serve to eroticize the body. In addition, I analyse men’s tattoos in the context of the erogenous zones theory. No known study has examined the theory of shifting erogenous zones with regard to tattoos or men. Thus, this article serves to challenge current assumptions of the usefulness of the theory, examine the theory relative to the male gender and extend the theory to skin markings. Ethnographic data were collected via interviews and blogs and were analysed for themes relating to fashion and eroticism. I conclude that three types of tattoos have been used to call attention to and eroticize three different locations on men’s bodies: the bicep, the lower back and the upper arm.
Negotiations in masculine identities in the Utilikilts brand community
Authors: Reddy-Best Kelly L. , Howell Alexandra
Published: July 2014

Steven Villegas developed the Utilikilts clothing brand in the United States in 2000. The company’s main product is an un-bifurcated ‘manly’ kilt that is marketed and sold to men, not women. This article analyses individuals who adopt the Utilikilts brand kilt and how they navigate their multiple and shifting identities in a cultural setting where skirts for men are not readily acceptable. This study analyses online forums created by the Utilikilts Company where consumers share their personal experiences wearing the kilt, photographs of individuals wearing the kilt and the content and language used on Utilikilts.com. The authors conclude that the brand community formed in online spaces allows the Utilikilt wearers to experiment with gender-pushing dress.
Daily Functioning Problems in Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) Aged 5 and More
Authors: Rosińczuk Joanna , Lach Katarzyna
Published: July 2014

Introduction. Children with CP struggle with various problems in daily living due to diverse symptomatology which accompanies the central nervous system (CNS) damage. The problems concern both basic self-care activities like dressing, grooming or bathing as well as more complicated activities like reading or social interactions — starting and maintaining relationships.Aim. This study aims to identify and present daily living problems experienced by the children with CP aged 5 or more.Material and Methods. The study was conducted among a group of 130 randomly selected participants, 50 participants were children with CP aged 5–19 and 80 participants were their parents. The author’s self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data in the study. Results. Analysis of the collected data shows that:— according to surveyed parents the most common disorders characteristic for their children are: visual disturbance (75%), speech disorder (65%) and intellectual disability (65%),— one fourth of children with CP are non-ambulant, wheelchair provides independent mobility for the children or they require personal assistance from another person,— problems with balance in vertical position are the most problematic limitation in daily living for the group of surveyed children (68%).Conclusions.1. Children with CP struggle with various problems concerning daily living functioning.2. Small percentage of children with CP are able to move independently.3. Majority of children with CP are not able to function independently due to the disorders resulting from the brain damage.4. Management of associated conditions through motor rehabilitation has improved mobility and motor skills in daily functioning of children with CP. (JNNN 2014;3(2):52–57)