bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Multi-Using Materials from The Dictionary of Old English Project, with Particular Reference to the hapax legomena in the Old English Translation of Felix’s Vita Guthlaci
Authors: Roberts Jane
Published: March 2021

Like all responsible Anglo-Saxonists, I use Toronto Dictionary of Old English (DOE) materials heavily. Indeed, as long ago as 1989 Ashley Amos and Toni Healey sent me a CD-ROM version of their files, some years ahead of the first public release of the Dictionary of Old English Corpus in Electronic Form database, which we now take so much for granted; thus, I have benefited from access to their electronic files for along time now. The arrival of the CD led to a decision that delayed publication of the Thesaurus of Old English, a pilot-study for the Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary. With the possibility of running checks on the words and meanings taken from standard dictionaries of Old English, it also became possible to supply the thesaurus entries with a minimal flagging system: superscript o for hapax legomena, p for words found only in poetry, g for glosses, and q for dubious words. Checking for even these four flags was a time-consuming and problematic process, as we indicated in the Introduction to the TOE. We toyed with adding various indications to this small group of flags to mark, for example, single forms found in multiple manuscripts, relative trustworthiness among types of glosses, or everyday elements within poetic compounds. Most compelling of all arguments against a more elaborated system of flagging was the state of the available dictionary resources. Except for the letters of the alphabet already edited by the DOE team, D (1986) and C (1988), the dictionaries were insufficient even for this level of detail, but with the help of the editorial materials of The Dictionary of Old English Project it was feasible to test for and apply the minimal flagging I proposed. Before the arrival of the CD-ROM files, use of the two sets of DOE microfiches (1980, 1985) was a cumbersome process suited only to the investigation of small amounts of data.
"Sadly and with a Bitter Heart": What the Caesarean Section Meant in the Middle Ages
Authors: Bednarski Steven , Courtemanche Andrée
Published: March 2021

One sunny spring day, a Resurrectionist priest sips tea and speaks of his time as a Bolivian missionary in the 1960s and ’70s. His recollection of the local ‘Indians’ is obscured by more than three decades’ distance. China cup in hand, he recalls vaguely their mud huts, flocks of sheep, herds of llamas, and the beautiful, rugged terrain of the altiplano. With greater precision, he speaks about the local belief system, especially attitudes towards stillbirths. This left a strong impression upon him. The priest emphasizes how deeply fearful the locals were of stillborn babies, and he flavours his recollections with two sad anecdotes. One day, he says, some villagers brought him a small blue corpse. The baby’s father insisted that the missionary baptize it. Since this was canonically impossible, the priest performed an impromptu blessing. It effectively banished the evil spirit conjured by the unfortunate birth. Satisfied with the blessing, the villagers relaxed and returned to their normal lives. On another occasion, one of the priest’s confrères was less delicate. A mother presented him with her dead baby, pleading for a postmortem baptism. At last the cleric told her, “The Church will only permit me to baptize your child if it draws milk from your breast.” Since this was impossible, the mother went away frustrated and ill at ease, having been unsuccessful in her bid to exorcise the unlucky spirit.
Medieval Widowhood and Textual Guidance: The Corpus Revisions of Ancrene Wisse and the de Braose Anchoresses
Authors: Innes-Parker Catherine
Published: March 2021

In 1990, Margaret Wade Labarge published a seminal article on medieval widowhood and religious devotion, arguing that “among the upper classes widowhood could provide for the first time in a woman’s life a freedom of action and choice that she had not previously enjoyed.”1 She pointed out that not all medieval widows were elderly, and indeed, one of the widows whose life she explored, Loretta, countess of Leicester, was widowed in her early twenties. Such women might wish to avoid remarriage for a variety of reasons, yet their lives were far from over even if they were widowed in their thirties or forties: Loretta lived well into her eighties. Labarge outlined a number of “second careers” that widows might undertake in the secular world, though her article focused on women who “turned to an active religious life and, in reality, took up a new career.”2 She argued that “Because of their superior social position these women had the luxury of a choice among several patterns of religious life, as recluse, or nun, or mystic living a devout life in the world.”3 Labarge concentrated on the influence that widows in the religious life could exercise, presenting one example of each of these three patterns: Loretta, countess of Leicester, who became a recluse by 1221; Ela, countess of Salisbury, who founded Lacock Abbey in 1232 and entered it as a nun, serving as abbess for nearly twenty years; and St. Birgitta, wife and daughter of Swedish nobles, who influenced popes and kings through her mystical Revelations.
Catherine la bourgeoise et la veuve anonyme d’Orléans. Des femmes chez le notaire en 1437
Authors: Fianu Kouky
Published: March 2021

Évoquer Margaret Wade Labarge (Polly, comme elle se faisait appeler) signifie, pour la médiéviste que je suis, rappeler son intérêt constant pour le genre féminin et la place des femmes dans la société médiévale. Sa contribution en ce domaine a largement débordé la sphère académique, comme en témoignent les personnages féminins du roman à succès Les piliers de la terre : c’est bien à Polly que l’auteur, Ken Follett, fit appel lorsqu’il eut besoin d’une spécialiste pour donner forme à ses héroïnes pendant qu’il écrivait son livre, entre 1986 et 1989. Polly était bien placée pour offrir cette expertise. Non seulement elle étudiait les femmes au Moyen Âge, mais surtout, elle les approchait comme autant de destins particuliers, privilégiant un regard attentif, personnel, presqu’affectueux, sur leur vie ou leurs écrits, leur donnant vie aux yeux de ses lecteurs. C’est en allant dans ce sens que je souhaite à mon tour lui rendre hommage, en observant des femmes en action, plus spécifiquement celles qui se présentèrent devant le notaire Pierre Christofle à Orléans en 1437. Nobles, bourgeoises, artisanes et agricultrices sont entrées dans son registre, témoignant de leur rôle dans la société orléanaise. On les voit, comme Polly les présentait, participer à la vie économique ou à l’éducation de leurs enfants, se marier ou se remarier, œuvrer à côté de leur mari, prendre sa succession, soucieuses de protéger leurs intérêts et ceux de leur famille, agir au sein de réseaux de crédit ou de solidarité.
Résolution numérique d'un problème métrologique : Le pied, la perche et l'acre d'Angleterre
Authors: Reguin Olivier
Published: March 2021

Les mesures du pied, de la perche et de l’acre statutaires sont encore très employées dans le monde aujourd’hui et l’acre reste officielle aux États-Unis. Pourtant, les explications avancées jusqu’ici à propos de leurs origines, de leur raison d’être et de leurs dimensions n’ont que partiellement abouti, pour n’avoir pas été reliées assez solidement à la métrologie agraire de l’Europe occidentale, elle-même à revoir dans une perspective globale. L’hypothèse que je propose ici résulte d’une recherche visant à intégrer en un système cohérent l’ensemble si divers et si déroutant des anciennes unités de mesures agraires issues du Moyen Âge en Occident et qui s’utilisent encore de nos jours — en l’espèce : les unités de mesure britanniques. Ce travail m’a amené à considérer que des mesures très peu nombreuses, créées à l’époque carolingienne, se sont par la suite multipliées, mais en procédant les unes des autres par des conversions numériques rationnelles, calculées et d’une grande précision. Cette position va à l’encontre d’explications voulant que les mesures agraires se soient fixées petit à petit, localement, suivant les pratiques culturales (le temps de travail, l’ensemencement), d’après la nature du terrain, etc. ; elle s’oppose aussi à l’idée que les anciennes unités de mesure sont particulières à chaque nation. L’idée directrice est plutôt que les mesures agraires, dont dépendent les mesures linéaires des différents pieds, ont été établies pour des raisons fiscales à partir de règles édictées par le pouvoir impérial. Il s’agit alors de comprendre, à partir des indications des sources anciennes, des travaux de la métrologie historique proprement dite, et au moyen d’opérations simples, de quelle façon les mesures communes à tout l’Occident ont été interprétées localement, mais sans changer fondamentalement. Les mesures apportent précisément l’assurance de la structuration en profondeur de la civilisation médiévale dans sa continuité, en dépit de ses éclipses les plus graves. La métrologie historique dont il s’agit ici, et qui reprend un courant délaissé, ne fait donc pas que recenser l’infinité des anciennes mesures : elle en propose une explication appuyée sur le calcul. Cette « archéologie mathématique » peut s’appliquer au cas des mesures anglaises.
Геоинформационные системы в геологии: учебное пособие / М.В. Коротаев, Н.В. Правикова. – М.: «КДУ», «Университетская книга», 2021.– 118 с.
Authors: М.В. Коротаев , Н.В. Правикова
Published: March 2021

Учебное пособие по использованию геоинформационных систем в геологии. Рассмотрены общие вопросы и задачи, решаемые геоинформациоными системами в геологии. Сделан обзор существующих программ и модулей расширения для использования при геологических исследованиях. Для студентов геологических ВУЗов, а также для широкого круга геологов и геофизиков.
MODEL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE MELTS STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION BY THE MODEL OF HARD SPHERES
Authors: Petruk O. O. , Vavryk O. T. , Tsareva O. S. , Hobyr L. M.
Published: March 2021

In the article the optimization of the oil and gas enterprise, a complex process both from the technological and from the economic point of view is investigated. It is noted that today the development of methods of mathematical modeling of physical processes, for example, in oil fields on the basis of theoretical research and modern computer technology is absolutely relevant

One of the ways is to create new or improve existing mathematical models of processes occurring in oil and gas reservoirs, and calculate on their basis the characteristics of the process that optimize production. From this perspective, the study appears particularly relevant liquids in a narrow, purely physical and chemical aspects – namely melt.

Various fluid models have been proposed to describe the equilibrium and kinetic properties of liquids (melts), as well as to interpret experimental results. Model representations are also used in solving integrodifferential equations that relate distribution functions to interaction potentials. It is noted that integrodifferential equations are a powerful mathematical algorithm for describing inhomogeneous dynamic models, but they depend directly on the efficiency of software that implements the proposed models.

The model of hard spheres as simple fluid model proposed use. The reasons that allow you to choose this model as optimal were defined. Namely: the presence of analytical expression for the structural factor; application to describe the electronic and atomic properties of melts. The optimal methods for obtaining optimal values for the theoretical calculation of the structural factor of the proposed model were determined.

As a result of the analysis of existence of correspondence between the calculated and experimental structural factors it is established. This led to the conclusion that the possibility of applying the model of rigid to calculate the equilibrium and kinetic properties of melts exists. It is determined that the model of rigid spheres could be used as an approximation to describe the structure of both one-component and multicomponential melts (liquids).
АНАЛІЗ СТАНУ ТА НАПРЯМИ РОЗВИТКУ РИНКУ СТРАХОВИХ ПОСЛУГ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Мирошниченко Ганна , Мирошниченко Ігнат
Published: March 2021

Determining the current state of the insurance market in Ukraine and identifying promising areas for its development. Analysis of the current state of the insurance market is based on methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. The study of prospects for the development of the insurance services market is based on the methodology of scientific abstraction. The current state of the insurance market is taken into consideration and the dynamics of its development are analyzed. It was found that the current state of the domestic insurance market in its institutional and functional characteristics does not fully meet the trends of the global insurance market. It is substantiated that the functioning of a powerful market of insurance services is an important source of accumulation of funds for their further investment in the state economy. Emphasis is placed on systematizing the function of the insurance services market. The analysis of the main indicators of the insurance services market is carried out. It is established that the indicators of the insurance services market development are insufficient and do not meet the needs of the national economy. The reasons for the decrease in the number of insurance companies in the insurance services market of Ukraine are revealed. insurance companies with foreign capital. It is determined that the reasons for the low level of insurance propagation are the low level of public confidence in insurance companies, lack of awareness of Ukrainians in the insurance sector, and their low capital. The result of the analysis of the state of the insurance services market for 2014-2019 indicates that in general its unsatisfactory condition, which is confirmed by low values of indicators. Reduced number of insurance companies operating in the insurance market, the lack of a unified state strategy for the development of the insurance market in the country, the instability of the economic situation in the country and low confidence in insurers among the population negatively affect the development of the insurance market in Ukraine. The main problems of the insurance services market of Ukraine and prospects of its development were determined. The need to develop an effective and comprehensive strategy at the state level for the development of the national market of insurance services and suggested ways to solve the problems of the modern market of insurance services in Ukraine. Practical significance. The tendencies of development of the market of insurance services of Ukraine are made
IMPROVEMENT OF MARKETING STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AT THE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors:   ДВНЗ ", Amelnytska Olena ,   Приазовський державний технічний університет", Mizina Olena ,   Donetsk National Technical University, Amelnytska Maryia ,   Donetsk National Technical University
Published: March 2021

Purpose. Development of theoretical foundations and development of methodological recommendations for the formation and improvement of marketing management strategies in industrial enterprises, taking into account the specifics of their industry affiliation. Method. The study of the essence and components of strategic marketing management is based on the methods of systems analysis and synthesis. The analysis of the stages of formation of strategic marketing management at an industrial enterprise is carried out on the basis of structural and logical methods. Results. The approaches of different scientific schools to the formation of concepts of strategic management of marketing activities are analyzed. It is found out that strategic management of marketing activity uses methods of development of the general strategy which is a basis of certain functional strategies (marketing, production, financial, personnel, innovative), and mechanisms of their realization for the purpose of achievement of conformity of mission, the purposes and internal potential of the enterprise. external environment. The directions of formation of marketing management strategy at the coal mining enterprise on the basis of the carried-out researches are substantiated: definition of mission, the purposes and tasks of marketing at all levels of marketing management; substantiation of the strategy of partnership interaction. The stages of formation of marketing management strategy at the coal mining enterprise are offered. On the basis of the collected quantitative and qualitative data, with the use of the information received at filling in of the questionnaire and the analytical information the SWOT-analysis of marketing activity of mine is carried out. Based on the generalization of the analysis, it is appropriate to propose a general sequence of interaction strategy using the allocation of the integrator as a sequence of stages of strategy planning in the supply and marketing channels based on marketing partnerships. Scientific novelty. The stages of formation of marketing management strategy at an industrial enterprise are substantiated taking into account the specifics of its branch affiliation and strategy of interaction on the basis of allocation of the integrator enterprise and formation of marketing of partnership relations. Practical significance. The obtained results of the research determine the general directions of improvement of marketing strategic management at the industrial enterprise by definition of strategy formation stages of marketing and marketing of partner relations
МАРКЕТИНГ ТЕРИТОРІЙ В СИСТЕМІ УПРАВЛІННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИМ РОЗВИТКОМ ГРОМАДИ
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Придатько Елла
Published: March 2021

Purpose. Research of the concept of marketing of territories and the features of the use of marketing tools and technologies by local governments in the field of social and economic development of territorial community in modern economic conditions. Method. The analysis of theoretical foundations and practical use of marketing of territories in activity of territorial communities is based on methods of theoretical generalization, grouping and concretization. Results. Attention is payed to the introduction and the use of marketing of territories in the activities of territorial communities, and qualitative changes at the current stage of decentralization of power and resources are indicated. It is substantiated that the use of effective management tools, primarily through the use of marketing approaches, namely marketing and branding of territories will help to improving the welfare of the population, infrastructure development, providing quality services, attracting investment and qualified personnel, forming and promoting own brand, their self-identity and will contribute to the economic development of the community, the region and the country as a whole. The application of marketing of territories and branding by territorial communities of Donetsk region is analyzed. According to the results of the study, it is proposed to use simple and low-budget tools for marketing and branding of territories, as well as to involve all stakeholders of the territory (population, business structures, local governments) who are interested in competitiveness and attractiveness of a certain territorial community. Scientific novelty. The place of marketing of territories in activity of territorial communities in the context of management of social and economic development is defined. Practical significance. The results of the study form a scientific and practical basis for the use of marketing of territories in the activities of territorial communities in modern economic conditions, as well as the creation of an optimal and effective model of territorial community management.
Dynamics of phytotoxicity of soil under different fertilizer systems
Authors:   ", Skivka L. ,   Institute of Biology and Medicine",   of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Hudz S. ,   "Institute of Biology and Medicine" of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: March 2021

Soil microorganisms, root system of plants, organic residues and fertilizers contribute to the release of physiologically active substances and their accumulation in the root part of the soil. Accordingly, soil phytotoxicity affects the growth and development of agricultural plants. Therefore, the aim of the work was to evaluate the phytotoxic properties of the soil under different fertilization systems for winter wheat, soybeans, corn and sugar beets. Analysis of soil phytotoxicity was performed according to the method of A.M. Grodzinsky. At the beginning of the soybean growing season, the greatest phytotoxic activity was observed on the biological fertilizer system, which involved the use of corn residues (8-12 t/ha) + Biohumus "ECOCHUDO" 200 kg/ha, which is most likely caused by slow soil neutralization. microbiota of allelopathic secretions of cereals. It was established that the application of ecological and biological fertilization systems for winter wheat yielded minimal values of soil phytotoxicity and at the end of the growing season was 4.39-3.65 UCO, the lowest in the experiment. Under the ecological system of fertilizer (crop residues of wheat (8-10 t/ha) + N90P60K90) and especially biological (crop residues of wheat (8-10 t/ha) + Biohumus "ECOCHUDO" 1000 kg/ha) indicators of phytotoxic activity soil in the phase of 2-4 leaves in sugar beets were the highest, but during the subsequent growing season the values decreased by 34-47%. Due to the application of the ecological system of corn fertilization (crop residues of sugar beets (30-40 t/ha) + N15Р30К30) the phytotoxicity of the soil during the growing season decreased by 37.9%. At the same time, the maximum reduction occurred by 66.8% in the biological system of fertilizers (crop residues of sugar beets (30-40 t/ha) + Biohumus "ECOCHUDO" 750 kg/ha). Accordingly, the conditions of the soil environment under the biological system of agriculture were the most favorable for development: soybeans, wheat, sugar beets, corn.
Compliance of fire-protective cellulose-containing materials with environmental safety
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Sirko Z. , Starysh E. ,   Ukrainian State Research Institute "Resource", Konovalchuk G. ,   Ukrainian State Research Institute "Resource", Tsireny N. ,   Ukrainian State Research Institute "Resource", Tsapcko O. ,   Ukrainian State Research Institute "Resource", Torchilevskyi D. ,   Ukrainian State Research Institute "Resource", Kysyl L. ,   Ukrainian State Research Institute "Resource", Parkhomenko V. ,   Ukrainian State Research Institute "Resource"
Published: March 2021

Search for new highly efficient agents for wood fire retardant treatment in the construction has been conducted more and more intensively. But fire retardant treatment nowadays should not only ensure specified fire resistance of wood but preserve its performance as well as ensure its environmental safety and durability. Therefore a significant problem of ensuring vital activities and safe functioning of building facilities lies in the development of intumescent coatings for building structures taking into consideration economical, processing and environmental aspects; these coatings shall be used not only on a par with existing similar ones but be highly efficient in special spheres of construction which makes it possible to prevent occurrence of man-caused accidents. The paper shows results of the studies purposed at raising efficiency of the facilities protection by conversion of the cellulose containing materials used at them to the group of hardly combustible materials; it was revealed that application of appropriate composition converted the wood into hardly combustible material that did not spread flame across its surface and had moderate smoke production ability. Taking into account these fire hazard indices the wood having been subjected to fire retardant treatment as construction material could be allowed for application for the internal lining of rooms including those at the escape routes.
Antipyrene composition for fire prorotection of cellulose-containing material
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Sirko Z. , Starysh E. ,   Ukrainian State Research Institute "Resource", Tsireny N. ,   Ukrainian State Research Institute "Resource", Tsapcko O. ,   Ukrainian State Research Institute "Resource", Torchilevskyi D. ,   Ukrainian State Research Institute "Resource", Kysyl L. ,   Ukrainian State Research Institute "Resource"
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of research on the creation of flame retardant composition for fire protection of cellulose-containing materials. The analysis was performed of flame retardant compositions for impregnation of cellulose-based materials. Phosphorus-based compounds have been shown to be most effective in providing fire protection in the solid phase and during decomposition. They are able to decompose when heated to form phosphoric acid, which inhibits direct oxidation and greatly reduces the spread of fire. Also, noteworthy are compositions based on salts and acids of phosphorus and nitrogen. The mechanism of action of these compositions is aimed at reducing the amount of heat during combustion and becomes insufficient for self-combustion. It was also found that during ignition fire-retardant compositions interact with the components of cellulose, which forms residual phosphorus and nitrogen, resulting in increased efficiency of fire-retardant action. Fire-retardant impregnating compositions are aqueous solutions of flame retardants. The materials are impregnated in a container with a flame retardant solution or sprayed on the surface of the material with an industrial spray. This method is simple and effective, but the result is short-lived. More effective is the method of introducing flame retardant at the molecular level into the fiber structure. One of the important methods is to restore the fire-retardant properties of materials during their operation and products from them.
OBSTRUCTIVE APNEA SYNDROME IN SLEEP: A MODERN LOOK AT DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT
Authors: Khamidjonov Sh. , Khodjanov Sh. , Akhundjaov N.
Published: March 2021

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is a violation of breathing during sleep as a result of the closure of the upper airways, leading to a partial or complete cessation of air supply, the onset of hypoxia, and as a result, a transient decrease in the depth of sleep, followed by restoration of patency of the upper airways and air intake [1,2]. During a patient's sleep, such episodes can occur hundreds of times per night, which in the presence of clinical symptoms is called OSAS syndrome or obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome [3].
TACTICS OF MANAGING PATIENTS WITH A CENTRAL OFFERING AND PLACENTAL INSULATION IN THE REGIONAL PERINATAL CENTER OF ASTRAKHANI
Authors: Степанян Л. , Малышева И. , Барковская Н. , Волобаева С.
Published: March 2021

The results of examination and treatment of 32 pregnant women with central presentation and placental accreta are presented. For the purpose of timely diagnosis of centrally located placenta ingrowth, it is recommended to conduct ultrasound and MRI studies in women with placenta previa and a history of cesarean section. The results of delivery of pregnant women in the conditions of the Regional Perinatal Center "AlexandroMariinsky Regional Clinical Hospital" in Astrakhan for 2019-2020 are presented.
COW HOUSING UNDER SANITARY AND HYGIENIC CONDITIONS OF MILK PRODUCTION
Authors: Tomashevsky E. , Varpikhovskyi R.
Published: March 2021

It is established that in the stall period (November - March) the microclimate of the cowshed is 4.0 points, which complies with the engineering design conditions, to improve the parameters it is necessary to optimize the conditions regarding the concentration of harmful gases in the air and microbial contamination. Well-timed faeces disposal and air ventilation control will optimize these parameters.

It is proven that the thermal balance of the building depends on the created conditions of comfortable keeping of cows and their number in the building, as well as heat loss through the enclosing structures: gates, windows, ceiling, floor and walls, the thermal balance in the cowshed is made for the outside temperature of (-4,3 ° С).

Since sanitary and hygienic conditions of cow housing do not meet the optimal design and technological regime, and the amount of microorganisms in the air of the room is above norm and negatively affects the health of cattle, it is necessary to implement integrated elements of technology in the process of commercial milk production and rationalize the schedule while maintaining standards of technological design.
EARLY CHRISTIAN SYMBOLOGY ON THE MATERIAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOURCES OF THE II CENTURY OF OUR
Authors: Borodina M. , Shavyrina T.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the article is an attempt to show on the basis of archaeological sources that the ideas of early Christianity penetrated the Bosporus as early as the middle of the 2nd century AD, while a firmly established fact is the spread of Christianity in the Northern Black Sea region from the second half of the 3rd century.
COST CLASSIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER DEMAND TO OPTIMIZE AIR TRANSPORTATION AND ENSURE THE ECONOMIC STABILITY OF KAZAKHSTAN AIRLINES IN THE FACE OF PANDEMICS
Authors: Boranbayev S. , Assanbek G.
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the costs of aviation companies in the context of the pandemic, including for the airline of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The classification of airline costs is considered. Cost classification and analysis of consumer demand, taking into account the epidemiological situation in different regions, are the basis for optimizing air transportation, reducing costs and ensuring the economic stability of the airline in the face of pandemics.
ANALYSIS OF THE SECURITY OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE LEVEL OF SERVICE PROVISION, BASED ON THE DATA OF THE BIG DATA SYSTEM IN THE DIRECTORATE OF THE SPEED MESSAGES
Authors: Tanifa D.
Published: March 2021

Within the framework of this article, an analysis of passengers is provided, including: a description of the perception and expectations of potential passengers in relation to the new route and the services offered according to the results of the surveys (network-wide or separate surveys on the planned route), as well as the analysis of passengers' requests through various communication channels.
EXECUTION OF A JUDICIAL ACT ON BRINGING PERSONS CONTROLLING THE DEBTOR TO SUBSIDIARY LIABILITY
Authors: Ermilov V.
Published: March 2021

This article deals with the problems of execution of judicial acts on bringing persons controlling the debtor to subsidiary liability in a bankruptcy case. The conducted research indicate the need for improvement of the enforcement of the law. The author comes to the conclusion that the effectiveness of restoring the violated rights of creditors by bringing to subsidiary responsibility the persons controlling the debtor can be realized by ensuring the enforcement of the relevant judicial act.
The creation of S. Marshak’s poem “Ice-cream”
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Guskov Nikolai
Published: March 2021

The article compares seven versions of S. Marshak’s poem for children “Ice Cream”. Three of them (1925, 1940 and 1957) are recognized as the canonical editions, and others (of the 1929, 1949, 1960.1962) as their variants. The final version for posthumous publications is ascribed, without any reason given, to 1960 production year, with deviations taken from different publications of this text. The article analyzes the reasons underlining such transformation of the text that include changes in realia, social tastes and mores, stylistic and ideological tendencies of the 20th century, and the poet’s desire to harmonize his creative attitudes with external factors. The analysis demonstrates that although the editing process of the text was organic, the difference between editions is so great (only 30 verses are shared between all of the editions) that the reproduction of all versions is needed for scholarly and the critical editions of Marshak’s poetry. His editing method is compensatory: the plot and style varied, but the philosophical and ethical subtext important for Marshak as a creative individual remained the same. These are archetypal ideas of joyful acceptance of the objective laws of nature, the glorification of those who support world harmony, and the condemnation of those who violate it. The appendix contains a comparative table showing the history of Marshak’s text.
Monologue of K. I. Chukovsky’s Crocodile: towards the problem of sources and parallels
Authors:   Tver State University, Stepanov Alexander ,   Lanzhou University, China
Published: March 2021

The author analyses the sources of Crocodile’s monologue from the tale by K. I. Chukovsky and its parallels in the Russian poetic texts, predominantly of those from the 19th century. The monologue written in iambic tetrameter with masculine pair rhymes, stands out from the polymetric composition of the poem in its length, “civic” sound, citations, and parody. It evokes associations with a number of texts of metrical, lexical, motivic, and plot commonality. All of them can be traced back to the “Prisoner of Chillon” by G. Byron, translated by V. A. Zhukovsky, and original Russian work, “Mtsyri” by M. Yu. Lermontov. In Chukovsky’s fairy tale, the original structural-semantic complex is parodically reinterpreted; creating the “younger”, “children’s” branch of the revolutionary epic (B. M. Gasparov and I. A. Paperno), the author primarily resorted to the heritage of Russian classical poetry. By adapting it to the child’s perception, he also left a semantic gap in the story that is accessible to the sophisticated reader. Crocodile’s monologue, which contains the motives of freedom, imprisonment, confession, suffering, and oppression, prepared the young reader for the perception of romantic and democratic poetry that awaited him/her at a new stage of the literary development (“works for youth”).
Spelling Rules as Poetry: How to Teach Russian?
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kruglyakova Tatyana
Published: March 2021

Poems that include formulas of spelling rules, specially written to help teacher of Russian Language were popular during the last century: one could find numerous rhymed rules in various textbooks, in article on teaching methodology, in tutorials, and in children’s books. Such rhymed rules address spelling mistakes, speech and versification errors, and distorted linguistic information. The article focuses on the problem of children’s perception and memorization of rhymed speech and expediency of usage of rhyming as a mnemonic method. Language particularities of didactical poems in Russian language (typical speech and grammatical errors, mistakes in poetic text construction) are considered. Children’s humorous modifications of the didactical poems ultimately serve as proof of their failure to deliver the desired educational outcomes. Ways of proposing linguistic information and its possible distortion (connected with text organization) are analyzed and studied. An important component question of this study probes why the Russian language teachers are still so fond of these poems as in-class instructional material.
“The Gruffalo” by Julia Donaldson vs. its russian translation: rhythmical structure and didactic message
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature, Russian Academy of Science, Tverianovich Kseniia
Published: March 2021

“The Gruffalo” by Julia Donaldson gained enormous popularity worldwide, including Russia. Its Russian translation by Marina Boroditskaya is interesting in terms of its versification. The meter of the translation is not structurally equivalent to that of the English original, however it may be considered as its functional equivalent within the Russian poetic tradition. The alteration of rhythmical variations of the meter follows that of the original and thus conforms to the logic of the narrative. However, the Russian text is structurally more complicated and sophisticated in terms of its rhythm, grammar, and vocabulary. These structural differences cause respective shifts in the meaning and the message.
The childish adult and popular culture: some thoughts to the anthropology of translation as taken from a translated poem of j. R. R. Tolkien
Authors:   The Patria Center for History and Culture, Korolev Cyril
Published: March 2021

The article examines the theory and practice of modern literary translation in Russia based on the examples of published works of translated children’s literature in foreign languages. From the point of view of the anthropology of translation, various extralinguistic factors affecting translation and publishing intentions are analyzed. An attempt is made to demonstrate how readers’ expectations define the particular age field of specific literary works, regardless of the author’s initial addressees. As an example of translation practice, clearly reflecting the peculiarities of intercultural communication, the translation of an early poem by J. R.R. Tolkien is analyzed.
Тhe role of M. Gorky in the history of the publishing house “Detgiz”
Authors:   A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kudrina Elena
Published: March 2021

On September 9, 1933 the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) has issued a resolution on the establishment of the new press directed at children, the State Publishing House “Detgiz”. M. Gorky took part in the preparatory work for this resolution. He served as the main initiator and ideologue who inspired the creation of this new children’s publishing house. The article attempts to reveal Gorky’s role in the history of the Detgiz which was created as a unified entity of the publishing house “Young Guard” and the State Publishing House of Fiction (GIKHL). The new publishing house was located in two cities — Moscow and Leningrad – and this situation has affected its work and the relationship between the press’s editors. Gorky’s correspondence from the Gorky Archive in Moscow (IWL RAS), as well as various letter exchanges and the analyses of his contemporaries ‘recollections restore for us the turbulent history surrounding the foundation of this highly important and unique press.
An overview of Gianni Rodari's books in translation around the world (2000-2020)
Authors:   Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Alborghetti Claudia
Published: March 2021

As the fame of Gianni Rodari reached a new height in 2020 with the celebration of his centennial, this overview of his legacy focuses on the most recent publication of Rodari’s works in translation around the world beginning in 2000. His versatility as a writer for children is evident in his entire body of works, his poetry, and his prose. Rodari’s translations hardly reflect on the diversity of the genres he had employed in his writings. The outcome of my investigation is the following: Rodari’s playfulness in writing, especially in poetry, has found recognition outside of Italy only in Russia. Other countries seem to prefer Rodari’s prose — his short stories or novels, especially his earlier works such as Cipollino and Telephone Tales. More research has to be done to keep Rodari’s popularity thriving, but, as these preliminary findings demonstrate, a renewed interest in the literary legacy of this beloved Italian children’s writer is widely spread nowadays, thus promising new poetic translations.
The joy of recognition, a sense of difference: about the book of poems by poets of bulgaria for children translated by m. Yasnov
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Verina Ulyana
Published: March 2021

The book “A Box with Fairy Tales” includes poems by contemporary Bulgarian poets for children. It presents poets of different generations, each with their own special creative approach. Translations made by M. Yasnov embodied the idea of both unity and diversity at the same time. They bring the world of Bulgarian poetry closer to the Russian-speaking reader but maintain enough of a distance to allow the child to experience difference in message and style. The composition of the book is constructed in accordance with this idea: the poems are grouped into two parts and they follow the theme rather than a particular author. Information about the Bulgarian poets is given at the end in a form of small biographical vignettes. The themes in the book cover the timeline from early childhood to the threshold of adulthood. The book celebrates the creative legacy of the Bulgarian authors such as Z. Vasileva, V. Samuilov, M. Dalgacheva, P. Kokudeva, and I. Tsanev. Yasnov’s translations reveal a rich variety of poetic forms and language play in the original such as syntax and graphics, phonics, vocabulary that stand out on all levels of the poetic text. A particular tribute is payed to the author of the biographical articles on Bulgarian poets, Dr. G. Petkova, Sofia University of “St. Kliment Ohridsky” as well as to the artist O. Yavich for their contribution to this book.
Georg Ruzitska: Introduction et Variations brillantes sur un thème hongrois, op. 14
Authors: LAZAR Zsombor , FILIP Ignac-Csaba
Published: March 2021

In 2019 we celebrated the 150th anniversary of the death of Transylvanian composer, Georg Ruzitska. Living a long 83 years, he experienced the transition from the Classial to Romantic eras. This period’s myriad historic and artistic developments influenced Ruzitska’s music, inspiring the migrant composer’s composition of the Introduction et variations brillantes sur un tême hongrois op. 14. The work is one of Ruzitska's four unedited, unpublished cello pieces that lay in the form manuscript on the shelves of the Széchenyi Library in Budapest. This interesting musical piece is written for cello and piano in the form of theme and variations and represents many elements of the “verbunkos” style, the contemporary national Hungarian musical idiom. This paper seeks to provide a detailed description of the work, with an emphasis on highlighting the above-mentioned stylistic elements.
Tibetan Sacred Dances
Authors: BELIBOU Alexandra
Published: March 2021

Entering the world of Tibetan spirituality, we observe a multitude of rituals that involve movement and music, used by the monks for various therapeutic and ritualic purposes. The history of Tibetan dance – the Cham tradition - runs in parallel with the history of Buddhism on this territory. Information on these rituals and dances is found in very few Tibetan documents, almost none in European works, and recently in several works printed in English. This can be explained by their oral transmission in special schools, as well as in secret initiations. As the title mentions, in this article, we will discuss the sacred dances of the Tibetans and not the folk ones. Thus, in the following pages, we will mention some of the dances practiced within the sacred rituals by Tibetan monks.
Le Théâtre Jorat du Mézières, Suisse, et l’histoire d’un chef-d’œuvre musical, Le Roi David d’Arthur Honegger
Authors: OARCEA Ioan
Published: March 2021

Le Théâtre Jorat construit au début du XXème siècle à Mézières, en Suisse, a une importance historique, à travers les implications sociocommunautaires, éducatives et culturelles qu'il a eu au cours du siècle. C'est un espace de communication culturelle et de promotion de créations théâtrales et musicales spécialement conçu pour ceux qui vivent en dehors des centres urbains. A cet endroit ont eu lieu les premières de certaines créations qui se sont établies dans l'histoire de la culture universelle. La création de l'oratorio Le Roi David, spécialement destinée au Théâtre de Mézières, a influencé l'orientation de Honegger vers sa propre création et a eu des effets dans l'évolution de la création vocale-symphonique du XXème siècle
The Eighth Echos reflected in the doxastika sticheras from Dimitrie Suceveanu’s Idiomelar
Authors: PLIAN Alexandru
Published: March 2021

This research paper aims to observe in what manner the eighth echos is reflected in the doxastika sticheras in the first tome of Suceveanu’s Idiomelar... After defining terms like stichera or the stiheraric style and present the research method which consists mainly in transcribing the chants and collecting data. The results are plenty in order to make a clear picture of the structural element of the analysed echos. The range is wider than an octave; Suceveanu has a very rich palette of melodic formulae and uses more often modulations than Petros Peloponnesios did in his Doxastarion. With Suceveanu’s contribution in the area of romanization process, it begins a new stage in this matter, in which it can be observed a slightly try to gain some freedom from the original Greek melos.
The role of the Conductor of children choir in the improvement of Interpersonal Communication through Music
Authors: RUCSANDA Mădălina
Published: March 2021

Choral singing is a complex and multifactorial activity, it is a group activity in which participants are actively involved through music and are able to transmit varied touches of human psychoemotional states. The conductor of a children’s choir must have a complex personality, he must be a passion-filled musician, a teacher, a psychologist, he must have psychosocial competences and leadership abilities. In the conductor-choir relationship, the interaction of the conductor’s self with the members of the choir is of distinct importance. In order to increase the quality of said relationship, which is the basis of a remarkable artistic performance, a new method has been approached: the Johary Window model, which can be applied by the conductor in order to obtain a viable communication between the members of the choral ensemble
The psychology of music creation
Authors: ȘUTEU Ligia-Claudia
Published: March 2021

This study aims to conduct a study on the origins of music creation and its metamorphosis. A parallel is drawn between improvisation and composition, making analogies with other fields such as rhetoric and literature. The two terms incorporate a series of processes, mental structures and a thorough preparation, clear examples found in previous eras, improvisation having a leading place in Baroque and Classicism. The article aims at psychological models encountered in improvisation and composition, creativity being investigated in this context. Improvisation and composition present a series of similarities and differences, being argued by presenting the main theories, which are based on a psychological profile of the individual, carefully studied over the decades. The metaphysics of music and the physical and mental processes that the composer or improviser goes through, have often been associated with other fields of research, such as language, theater, poetry, rhetoric and much more. Their study and presentation have as role the artistic development of the complete musician, whether it is a soloist, composer or improviser.
Hypostases de la temporalité dans l’œuvre musicale, dans les concerts d’Aurel Stroe
Authors: COROIU Petruța-Maria
Published: March 2021

La démarche esthétique et sémantique, celle qui part à la recherche du sens de l'œuvre d'art, est l'une des plus difficiles, mais indispensable à sa compréhension profonde. Le niveau sonore, purement acoustique, n'est qu'une couche de surface, qui ne donne pas accès aux valeurs supérieures qu'incarne l'œuvre. Seule la recherche dans le plan sémantique, esthétique (au-delà du plan strictement stylistique qui concerne les paramètres techniques de la création) et, si nécessaire, au niveau herméneutique, peut clarifier les profondeurs de signification de chaque chef-d'œuvre. La situation architecturale du Concert pour saxophone et orchestre est similaire à celle de la fin du concert d'accordéon et d'ensemble solo, ce qui signifie que depuis le début de la dernière décennie du siècle dernier, Aurel Stroe avait finalisé cette nouvelle formule d'expression architecturale, créant au moins deux chefs-d'œuvre dans le sens analysé jusqu'à présent.