bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population healthy lifestyle changes in Abha city during COVID-19 lockdown, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Saleh Majed M. , Alamri Ali M. , Alhefzi Amal A. , Assiri khulood k. , Moshebah Amal Y
Published: February 2021

Background:

The pandemic emergence was in Asia late last year, the virus has spread to every continent except Antarctica. Cases are rising daily in Africa the Americas, and Europe. (2, 3) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Many preventive measures were recommended by WHO to minimize virus transmission including hand washing and social distancing, travel restrictions, and the closing of gathering areas including universities and schools up to partial or complete lockdown. These measures affected public lifestyle which obligated many persons and families to modify their living condition, sleep hygiene and their routine daily activities to cope with new procedures which is a challenge.

Aim:

To assess population healthy lifestyle changes during lockdown in Abha city, kSA during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology:

A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used targeting all accessible population in Abha city. Data were collected from participants using electronic pre-structured questionnaire. The tool will cover participants' socio-demographic data, participants' medical history, perception regarding lockdown and home quarantine, and different lifestyle aspects during lockdown.

Results:

A total sample of 1641 respondents were included in the current survey. Male participants were 733 (44.7%) and (61.1% of the participants aged 35 years or more. Exact of 85% of the participants agreed on lockdown efficacy. Daily sleep hours for less than 8 hours were recorded for 662 (40.3%) participants. As for dietary habits, exact of 885 participants (53.9%) changed their dietary habits during lockdown. sport practice during lockdown was reported by 981 (59.8%) of the participants. Lockdown related behaviour data showed that 98.5% of the participants were committed to lockdown either partially (18.8%) or completely (79.6%).

Conclusions and Recommendations:

In conclusion, the current study revealed that COVID-19 pandemic through lockdown as one of the recommended precautions to minimize virus transmission modified nearly all aspects of daily lifestyle including dietary habits, behaviour, social relations, and life sharing.
COVID–19 and police personnel
Authors: Boovaragasamy Chithra , kumar Mohan , Sandirakumaran Adarsh , Gnanasabai Gnanamani , Rahman Mujibur , Govindasamy Ambujam
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

COVID-19 has ensured that countries enforced complete lock down to prevent the spread of infection. Despite millions of people working from home during this pandemic situation, police personnel 'the front line workers' who deal with the general population to ensure their safety and wellbeing are at risk of stress and other mental health problems in addition to the risk of infection itself.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to explore the perception of police personnel towards the disease, factors influencing stress and coping abilities of them amid COVID-19.

Methods:

A cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews among randomly selected police personnel working in COVID-19 situation across the district of karaikal, Puducherry.

Results:

Of the 32 police personnel, majority were of age group 36-45 (43.75%), followed by 25-35 (37.5%). More than half of them were married (78.12%). Around 62.5% had been in the present occupation for more than 5 years. The in depth interviews were group under 5 themes namely perception, practice they follow amid COVID-19, stress they go through, challenges faced, coping strategies used by them.

Conclusion:

It is the need of the hour to care for the well-being of frontline workers, especially police personals.
Empowering primary healthcare institutions against COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Subba Sonu H. , Pradhan Somen kumar , Sahoo Bimal kumar
Published: February 2021

Primary health care institutions (PHCIs) are an essential foundation for the national response to COVID-19 disease in India. With the soaring number of confirmed cases, the health system is currently under unprecedented stress. In this scenario, there is a pressing need for empowering PHCIs in COVID-19 preparedness and response. The World Health Organization's (WHO) “Health system building block” approach is a classic model, which can work as a road map for the national health system in the process of empowering PHCIs against COVID-19 as well as other upcoming global and regional public health emergencies.
COVID-19 in pregnancy
Authors: Arora Renu , Marwah Sheeba , Dhama Versha , Dabral Anjali , Gupta Nitesh , Arora Balvinder
Published: February 2021

Background:

This retrospective review was done to gauge the preliminary experience of COVID-19 in pregnancy during first 50 days of lockdown in a tertiary care hospital of India.

Methods:

This was a single-centered study, wherein all the suspected women (as defined by ICMR guidelines) who were tested for SARS-CoV 2 infection by nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs, and rendered to RT-PCR, were included. Parallel evaluation was performed for women in both groups for sociodemographic and obstetric attributes, risk factors, clinical presentation and feto-maternal outcome. Categorical variables were presented in number and percentage. Qualitative variables were equated using Chi-Square test/Fisher's exact test. A P value of < 0.05 was counted as significant.

Results:

Amongst 112 suspected cases, seven (6.25%) were found to be positive for SARS COV2. Majority of COVID-19 positive women hailed from urban hotspot areas (57.7%) and were un-booked (57.1%). Most were mild cases, and symptomatic (85.7%), with fever (57.1%) being predominant feature in all suspects; no adverse effects seen on pregnancy and fetus, with uneventful postpartum period.

Conclusion:

No adverse outcome in mother and baby after acquiring SARS-COV2 infection was observed, with maximum cases being mild; fever was the predominant symptom in all suspects, with significantly higher percentage in COVID-19 positives.
Acute psychosis as the presenting manifestation of lupus
Authors: kumar Piyush , kumar Abhishek , Thakur Vikram , Sharma Chandra B. , Thomas Aneesha , Chatterjee Subhankar
Published: February 2021

Neuropsychiatric manifestations like cognitive dysfunction, peripheral neuropathy, stroke headache, seizures in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are quite common. However, psychosis as the sole presenting manifestation of SLE is rarely encountered clinically. If lupus is not kept as differential among patients with acute psychosis, delay in diagnosis and subsequent mismanagement are likely to happen. Here, we present a case of a young female presenting with acute psychosis as the predominant symptom and was further evaluated and diagnosed as a case of SLE. The patient was managed with immunosuppressive agents and carried an excellent outcome.
Correlation between Vitamin D deficiency and nonspecific chronic low back pain
Authors: kanaujia Vinay , Yadav Raj kumar , Verma Shipra , Jain Sakshi , Patra Binayak , Neyaz Osama
Published: February 2021

Context:

Chronic lower back pain (CLBP) and Vitamin D deficiency are two common conditions presenting to primary care physicians.

Aims:

To study the vitamin D status in North Indians presenting with nonspecific CLBP and the correlation between vitamin D levels and pain severity by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).

Settings and Design:

An observational study. Record of all CLBP patients presenting to the outpatient department in 2019, were analyzed, retrospectively.

Methods and Materials:

All the patients of age 18 to 65 and either sex with nonspecific CLBP were included. Patients were divided into two: Vitamin D deficient (Group 1) and normal (Group 2) with cut off Serum Vitamin D values at 30 ng/mL. Demographic data and Visual Analogue Scale scores (VAS) of both groups were recorded.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Correlations between Vitamin D values and VAS scores were investigated using the Spearman coefficient, and the results with P of ≤ 0.05 were contemplated significant.

Results:

Of total 376 patients with nonspecific CLBP, the majority were adults, females, married, vegetarians, overweight or obese, and had a mean sun exposure time of two hours. Vitamin D deficient Group 1 had 302 (80.32%) patients with significantly lower (P < 0.0001) mean vitamin D levels compared to Group 2 (74 patients i.e., 19.68%). Spearman's rho coefficient between vitamin D and VAS, showed a negative correlation (–0.554), with a P value < 0.00001.

Conclusions:

This study indicated a high probability of vitamin D deficiency in the nonspecific CLBP population and a negative correlation between vitamin D status and pain severity.
Prevalence of anaemia among school going adolescent girls attending Test, Treat and Talk (T-3) camp under Anaemia Mukt Bharat in Delhi
Authors: kamble Bhushan D. , Gunjan Mahaur , Sumit Jethani , Singh Sunil k. , Jha Diwakar , Singh Saudan
Published: February 2021

Background:

Adolescent period is signalized by marked physical activity and rapid growth spurt; therefore, they need additional nutritional supplements and are at utmost risk of developing nutritional anaemia. Anaemia play a major role in affecting the adolescents especially girls. On September 2019, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India directed to all state and district health authority to conduct Test, Treat and Talk (T-3) anaemia camps for celebration of nutrition month (Poshan Maah) in all government schools and colleges. The present study aimed to assess prevalence of anaemia and factors associated with it among school going adolescent girls attending T-3 camp in Delhi.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 adolescent girls in government girls' school in central district of Delhi. Hb estimation was done by HemoCue 201 and data regarding socio-demographic details, deworming, dietary preferences were collected. Clinical examination and anthropometric measurements were done by resident doctors. Data was analysed using STATA vs. 13.

Results:

The prevalence of anaemia was found to be 59% with mean (±SD) Hb of 11.3 gm/dl (±1.55) among 203 participants. The majority (48%, n = 119) of anaemic girls had mild degree of anaemia. Among 203 girls, 65% participants were of age 14–15 years with mean (±SD) age of 14.6 years (±1.18). There was a significant relationship between anaemia and diet, deworming status, and BMI (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The study revealed that anaemia was highly prevalent among adolescent girls. Among anaemic girls, majority had mild anaemia. Factors like vegetarian diet, underweight, deworming and presence of pallor were found to be associated with anaemia. There is need to conduct T-3 camps at regular interval in all schools to curb the problem of adolescent anaemia.
Prevalence pattern of MRSA from a rural medical college of North India
Authors: Lohan kirti , Sangwan Jyoti , Mane Pratibha , Lathwal Sumit
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a global challenge. The shift of this organism form hospital settings to community setting and increasing resistance to non-β-lactams antibiotics have further aggravated the crisis. This trend in MRSA has necessitated the knowledge and sensitization about this agent among physicians in rural and peripheral settings.

Material and Methods:

Present study was undertaken at Department of Microbiology at rural medical college of North India from January 2017 to December 2019 (3 years). All the clinical samples collected with aseptic precautions were processed as per standard protocol. All the Staphylococcus aureus isolates cultured were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing as per CLSI guidelines 2019. Screening for MRSA was done by CLSI recommended methods, such as cefoxitin disc (30 μg), oxacillin disc (1 μg), and oxacillin screen agar as per CLSI recommendation.

Results:

A steady increase in number of MRSA isolates was observed from year 2017 to 2019 with overall prevalence being 33.7%. Most MRSA isolates were obtained from pus samples. Cefoxitin disc diffusion method is a dependable detection method compared to oxacillin disc diffusion and oxacillin screen agar for identification of MRSA.

Conclusion:

The rising trend of MRSA impresses upon the acute need of stringent infection control practices namely strict compliance to hand hygiene, prevention of misuse and overuse of antibiotics and a continuous surveillance program for MRSA. Also sensitization about this agent among the primary health physician is the need of hour to implement the control measures and limit its spread in communities.
Hiccups and hyponatremia
Authors: Sangamesh Samarth , Gosavi Siddharth , Shastry Shashank , Johny Sandra M.
Published: February 2021

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the newly discovered infectious disease, affecting millions worldwide. Majority of the patients present with mild respiratory syndrome. Some neurological symptoms are reported like anosmia & dysgeusia. We are presenting a case with hiccups as an unusual symptom. An elderly male patient presented to Bapuji teaching hospital attached to JJM medical college, Davangere on 24th July 2020 with intractable hiccups in the last 5 days. There were no other symptoms. Patient's saturation was initially 98% at room air which then dropped to 90%. Based on clinical knowhow, SARS-Cov-2 RNA qualitative RT-PCR test was sent, and the results came positive. Patient improved symptomatically in 2 days and was kept in ward for observation for a total of 7 days. This extremely rare case report brings to light new atypical symptom of COVID-19 are being presented every other day, which shows how the importance being aware of the same.
knowledge and attitude of dental students in Riyadh City toward the effect of mouthwashes on surface roughness and color stability of some esthetic restorations
Authors: Alsulayhim Suliman Abdullah , Alsaggaf khalid Hesham , Al Eissa Munther Mohammed , Hamdi Burhan Nezar , Aljafar Mohammed Abdulhamid , Altabbakh Ahmed , Doumani Mazen
Published: February 2021

Objective:

To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of dental students in Riyadh city toward the effect of mouthwash on surface roughness and color stability of some esthetic restorations.

Materials and methods:

This cross-sectional study is directed toward dental students in Riyadh city. The inclusion criteria include both undergraduate students and interns. The exclusion criteria include postgraduate dentist and those in the preparatory year. Also, dental students outside Riyadh are excluded, A questionnaire in English language was distributed through randomized selected participants in both social media (WhatsApp, Twitter) via link in a google sheet. The survey items were divided into two sections that include socio- demographic data and knowledge subscales.

Results:

A total of 455 dental students have filled the survey, among them 168 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria (they were preparatory year students), making the number of included responses 287. There was a significant difference between males in females when answering the questions related to 1) indication of mouthwash prescription (P = 0.044), 2) if mouthwashes increase surface roughness of esthetic restorations (P= 0.007) and 3) the type of toothbrush used with esthetic restoration (P= 0.016).

conclusion:

there is high awareness and using of mouthwashes among dental students in Riyadh the correlation between mouthwashes and restorative materials needs more spot lightening in the dental education process.
Reduction in post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) by preoperative risk stratification and adherence to a standardized anti emetic prophylaxis protocol in the day-care surgical population
Authors: Stephenson Sam Jenkins , Jiwanmall Meghna , Cherian Noble E. , kamakshi S. , Williams Aparna
Published: February 2021

Context:

Postoperative nausea (PON) and postoperative vomiting (POV) are the most undesirable morbidity after anaesthesia. There is paucity of data on PONV from the Indian subcontinent.

Aims:

We aim to study the prevalence of PON and POV, associated risk factors and the effect of following standardized risk stratification and prophylaxis protocols in the day care patient population.

Settings and Design:

This was a prospective cohort study at a tertiary care teaching institute.

Methods and Material:

Data from 500 patients undergoing day care surgery over a period of 12 months were analysed. We used the Apfel scoring system for evaluation of risk of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) for each participant. A standard PONV prophylaxis protocol was used intra-operatively.

Statistical analysis used:

Data analysis was done using the Mann-Whitney U test, the Chi-square and Fisher's exact test.

Results:

The period prevalence of post-operative nausea (PON) and post-operative vomiting (POV) was 2.04% and 2.45%, respectively, in this study. The prevalence of PONV in each risk category was lower than that predicted by the Apfel score due to utilization of a standard anti-emetic prophylactic protocol. We found younger age, previous history of nausea, previous history of vomiting, urological surgeries and alcohol consumption as significant risk factors for postoperative nausea. Longer duration of surgery, previous history of nausea, alcohol consumption and higher BMI were the significant risk factors for postoperative vomiting.

Conclusions:

Adherence to preoperative risk stratification and a standard anti-emetic prophylactic protocol can significantly reduce the prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Association of handgrip strength and endurance with body composition in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: kowshik Vengadesan , Velkumary Subramanian , Sethi Pooja , Feula Jothi Marie , Subhashri Soundirarajan , Abirami Manikandan
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Assessment of skeletal muscle function (SMF) is of clinical relevance in the prediction of treatment outcome and to decide on optimal management of head & neck cancer (HNC) patients. Handgrip strength (HGS) & handgrip endurance (HGE) are considered as surrogate marker for whole-body skeletal muscle function. Further, SMF depends substantially on the body composition (BC). Hence in this study, we compared BC, HGS and HGE between HNC patients and healthy controls and also analysed the association of HGS, HGE with body composition in HNC patients.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study, conducted in 44 subjects in the age between 18 to 60 years. Twenty-two were histologically proven HNC patients prior to cancer-specific treatment and twenty-two age and gender-matched healthy volunteers. The parameters recorded were Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, HGS, HGE and BC. Hand-held dynamometer was used to measure HGS and HGE measured using a stopwatch. BC was estimated by whole-body bioelectrical Impedance analysis method using Bodystat Quad scan 4000 device.

Result:

Comparison of data between HNC patient & healthy control was done by Student's t test. HGS, HGE, lean body mass (LBM), fat-free mass index (FFMI), Phase angle (PA), body cell mass (BCM) and body cell mass index (BCMI) were found to be reduced significantly in HNC patients when compared to healthy subjects. Further, Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation of HGS & HGE with LBM, FFMI, PA, BCM & BCMI, whereas body fat mass index showed a negative correlation with HGS & HGE in HNC patients.

Conclusion:

Our findings revealed, a significant reduction in HGS, HGE in patient with HNC which denotes decreased skeletal muscle function and it is linearly associated with low muscle mass, body cell mass and phase angle.
Self-medication among people visiting outpatient clinics of a Tertiary care hospital, karachi
Authors: Dhedhi Naseem Amin , Ashraf Hiba , Ansari Naila Baig , Iftikhar Sundus
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim:

“Self-medication” is the self-use of medicines for treatment of illnesses. Inappropriate use of medicines without prescription leads to unwanted adverse effects, harmful drug interactions, and antibiotic resistance which is an emerging concern in developing countries due to escalating burden of infectious diseases. This study aims at identifying the frequency and contributing factors of self-medication, nature of illness, and types of medicines used without doctor's prescription.

Material and Methods:

This cross sectional study was conducted at Indus Hospital karachi between March 2017 and December 2018. Two hundred and forty people of any age visiting the outpatient clinics of the Indus hospital consenting to participate were included. Whereas all clinicians including medical officers, specialists and consultants were excluded from the study.

Results:

Three-fifth (n = 147; 61.3%) of the participants reported that they did self-medication either for themselves or for their children in the past one year. The most common symptoms for which self-medication was done were fever (n = 82, 55.8%), cough/cold (n = 38; 25.8%) or diarrhea (n = 22; 15.0%). Out of which, 122 (83%) did self-medication based on their previous experience, 18 (12.2%) used previous doctor's prescriptions, whereas 22 (15%) reported that other people advised them. Education, presence of unused medicines at home, and those who have heard of antibiotic were found to be the significant risk factors associated with self-medication.

Conclusion:

Among Pakistani population, the frequency of self-medication is very high, with most people practicing self-medication on the basis of their previous experiences. It puts them at risk of experiencing adverse reactions and most importantly antibiotic resistance.
Comparative assessment of conventional periodontal probes and CEJ handpiece of electronic probes in the diagnosis and primary care of periodontal disease
Authors: Bareja Harshita , Bansal Monika , Naveen kumar PG
Published: February 2021

Objectives:

Conventional probes (CPs) have been considered acceptable as diagnostic tools to measure probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) but are affected by multiple variables. Electronic probes (EPs) provide controlled force, digital readout and data storage in computers. The objectives were to compare the reproducibility in the measurement of PPD and CAL by CP and the newly introduced CEJ handpiece of EP and intra-examiner and inter-examiner errors done in two phases.

Methods and Material:

Selected 720 periodontal sites in 1st molar of 30 persons with chronic periodontitis ≤4 mm and >4 mm pockets were analysed by two trained investigators in two phases at 2 hours difference by CP and CEJ handpiece of EP. Standard deviation, mean difference, correlation coefficient, P value and student 't' test were done to analyse data.

Results:

The intra- examiner and inter-examiner analyses revealed that Pearson's correlation coefficient was above 0.080 and 0.722 in the ≤4 mm and >4 mm pockets, respectively. Mean difference was not statistically significant in both groups except in the intra- examiner findings in the 2nd phase. Interprobe analysis depicted a standard error of mean of <0.03 in ≤4 mm pockets, whereas it varied from 0.047–0.056 in >4 mm pockets.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, EP is advantageous for research purposes by providing automatic recording and long-term maintenance of data storage without the need of an assistant and patient education and motivation, whereas CP appears to be more useful in routine periodontal examination.
Tubercular longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM)
Authors: Anand kumar Abhishek , Bhowmik kalyan kumar , Sarkar Amit , Ghosh Ritwik , Mandal Arpan , Swaika Bikash , Ray Biman kanti
Published: February 2021

Albeit, all forms of tuberculosis (TB) are endemic in India, spinal intramedullary TB and tubercular longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is deemed extremely rare. With recent advances in the field of neurology, autoimmune astrocytopathy (neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, NMOSD), myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM), metabolic myelopathy, connective tissue diseases and viral infections have gained considerable focus in the list of differentials of LETM whereas tubercular association is often forgotten. This report presents a rare case of acute transverse myelopathy which unveiled previously undiagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis in an adult rural Indian male. The patient responded well to anti-tubercular therapy and corticosteroids. Exact pathogenesis of LETM in TB remains elusive. Association of TB with MOG-EM has been one of the recent hot-cakes. However, an ill-defined immune-inflammatory response to the infectious agent is the likely cause of tubercular LETM. Hence, the primary care physicians who are the first medical contacts of acute LETM cases and in most cases due to diagnostic dilemma there is an unavoidable delay in accurate diagnosis and initiation of therapy. Primary care doctors should nurture a high index of suspicion to diagnose this potentially lifetime-debilitating yet absolutely treatable clinical condition i.e. tubercular LETM.
The prevalence of renal stones among local residents in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Safdar Osama Y. , Alzahrani Walaa A. , kurdi Maan A. , Ghanim Abdullah A. , Nagadi Sarah A. , Alghamdi Saleh J. , Zaher Zaher F. , Albokhari Shatha M.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Urolithiasis is the most common urological problem worldwide. It is a recurrent multifactorial problem that is caused by the interaction of several environmental and genetic factors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of renal stones among local residents in Saudi Arabia in order to renew the statistics of renal stones occurrence in the current Saudi population.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted using an electronic questionnairethat was distributed randomly through phones and social media to reach the local residents in Saudi Arabia. We then reviewed the published papers in Saudi journals for patients with renal stones.

Results:

From a total of 580 responders to the electronic questionnaire, the prevalence of renal stones was 9.1% (n = 64). The median age at diagnosis was 29 years and the mean age at diagnosis was 36.91 years (SD = 18.66, Range of 20–99). Two peaks of age were observed, the first peak was at the (21–25) age group representing 34.4% of the kidney stones patients. The second peak was older than 47 years. The majority of those diagnosed with kidney stones had normal BMI (n = 29, 45.3%), and the family history of kidney stones among first degree relatives was found in 35.9% of the cases (n = 23).

Conclusion:

kidney stones is a common health problem with the local incidence being underreported. In our sample, the prevalence was 9.1%. We also observed a relatively high percentage of positive family history among renal stone patients (34.9%) that could be attributed to the high rates of consanguinity. We encourage more local epidemiological studies to describe the patterns and the contributing factors of the development of kidney stones.
The role of high-risk pregnancy in childbearing tendency in Tehran
Authors: Mirzaei Fariba , kheirkhah Masoomeh , Hagani Hamid
Published: February 2021

Background and purpose:

The decreased tendency toward childbearing is considered as one of the most social issues. High-risk pregnancy problems and the fear of recurrence can reduce the desire for re-pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between high-risk pregnancies in childbearing tendency.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive study was cross-sectional. The statistical population included married women aged 15–49 years with at least one previous pregnancy. 928 women with histories of low-risk and high-risk pregnancy were selected by applying a continuous sampling method. The demographic information form and childbearing desire questionnaire were used. The data were analyzed by SPSS-16 and applying descriptive statistics tests, mean and standard deviation, inferential statistics, regression, independent t-test.

Findings:

The mean of childbearing tendency in mothers with a history of high-risk pregnancy and low-risk pregnancy were 3.25 ± 5.43 and 8.65 ± 3.96, respectively. Before modifying the intervention variables, the mean scores of childbearing desire were significantly different in mothers with a history of low-risk pregnancy and high-risk pregnancy; it was higher in mothers with a history of low-risk pregnancy (P < 0.001). After modifying the variables of the ideal number of children, the mothers' attitude toward childbearing desire, and the number of natural childbirths, stillbirths, and miscarriages. The difference was not significant (P = 0.263).

Conclusion:

Childbearing tendency was not different in women with a history of low-risk pregnancy and those with a history of high-risk pregnancy.
Altruism, an attitude of unselfish concern for others – an analytical cross sectional study among the Medical and Engineering students in Bangalore
Authors: Bhuvana M. L. , Pavithra M. B. , Suresha D. S.
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Altruism is disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others. Intentional and voluntary actions that aim to enhance the welfare of another person in the absence of any external reward. With the background of increasing mistrust between the medical profession, media, and the public and increasing incidents of violence against doctors in India, there is a growing feeling that altruism in medicine, if not dying is at least declining.

Aim and Objective:

To assess altruistic attitudes among Medical and Engineering students in a Medical and Engineering College in Bangalore and to determine the factors influencing altruistic behavior among these students.

Methodology:

An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 medical and 200 engineering students studying in medical and engineering college, respectively. The survey contained a structured pre-validated questionnaire containing general information and the Altruism personality scale items for measuring altruistic tendency in students.

Result:

Among the participants from both the backgrounds doing simple altruistic acts, were more frequent than risk taking altruistic acts. Altruism deceases with increasing years of study in medical college.

Conclusion:

Good Medicine stands on the basis of interactions between people. Few changes in the existing curriculum for medical professionalism which should emphasize on skills such as empathy towards patients, communication, good doctor patient relationship, emotional intelligence and professional ethics and values is desired. Doing this study in a medical and engineering college setting would introduce the topic of altruism among the students and give them a chance to self-analyze their altruistic nature and bring about positive changes towards human altruism.
Positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA with Significant Inflammatory State and Thrombophilia after 12 Weeks of Initial Diagnosis of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Betancourt Manuel Francisco , Grant Kimberly Michelle , Johnson James Scott , Kelkar Dhanashree S. , Sharma Kamal
Published: February 2021

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has affected most countries in the world, with significant economic and public health implications. There is rising concern that patients who recover from COVID-19 may be at risk of reinfection. Another potential concern is the uncommon clinical scenario of a patient having persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNA test over 3 months after the initial COVID-19 infection, as the patient presented. Whether presenting as a long-term infection (12 weeks) or reinfection, patients with COVID-19 will continue to have a severe inflammatory and prothrombotic state that could carry potential life-threatening thrombosis.
The State of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Latin America During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Di Giusto Melina Longoni , Grover Prateek , Castillo Camilo , Jimenez Isaac Hernandez , García Juan Carlos , Tijerina Rolando , Ramos-Usuga Daniela , Arango-Lasprilla Juan C
Published: February 2021

Background:

In December 2019, China reported a severe upper respiratory failure syndrome caused by a new virus identified as coronavirus COVID-19. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this exploratory study is to outline the current state of pulmonary rehabilitation in Latin American (LA) countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 1162 rehabilitation professionals (rehabilitation medicine specialists and residents, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and speech therapists) from 20 countries in LA answered a 34-question online survey related to the current state of pulmonary rehabilitation in LA during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:

More than half of the professionals reported the absence of pulmonary rehabilitation services in their work centers, limited or non-existent pulmonary rehabilitation materials or equipment, and little or no training by their multidisciplinary team and themselves. Regarding COVID-19, 49.2% of the respondents indicated not receiving the necessary material for the protection against COVID-19, and more than half reported limited equipment to perform interventions in patients hospitalized by this disease, and not to have clear about the recommendations to prescribe pulmonary physiotherapy in these patients. Moreover, almost all the professionals did not feel capable of treating patients with lung disease from COVID-19 and felt anxiety doing it.

Conclusion:

Pulmonary rehabilitation is vital for providing optimal care for respiratory impairments, and this relationship has been magnified by the COVID-19 pandemic. This manuscript highlights the limited professional training and resource availability in LA and provides recommendations to improve the current situation.
Равномерная $K$-стабильность по модулю подгруппы
Authors: Li Yan , Tian Gang , Zhu Xiaohua
Published: February 2021

Доказано утверждение о равномерной $K$-стабильности для пары векторов $(v, w)$ относительно редуктивной группы Ли $\mathbf G$ по модулю подгруппы $\mathbf G_0$ группы $\mathbf G$.
Библиография: 7 названий.
Цилиндры в рациональных поверхностях
Authors: Cheltsov Ivan Anatol'evich
Published: February 2021

Получен утвердительный ответ на вопрос Чиро Чилиберто о цилиндрах в рациональных поверхностях, которые получены раздутием плоскости в точках общего положения.
Библиография: 13 названий.
О конечной порожденности присоединенного кольца для нормирования рационального ранга больше 1
Authors: Xu Chenyang
Published: February 2021

Формулируется гипотеза о конечной порожденности присоединенного градуированного кольца для нормирования, вычисляющего дельта-инвариант пары лог-Фано. Также развивается подход к доказательству этой гипотезы, основанный на технике вырождений.
Библиография: 17 названий.
NTT Multiplication for NTT-unfriendly Rings
Authors: Chung Chi-Ming Marvin , Hwang Vincent , Kannwischer Matthias J. , Seiler Gregor , Shih Cheng-Jhih , Yang Bo-Yin
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we show how multiplication for polynomial rings used in the NIST PQC finalists Saber and NTRU can be efficiently implemented using the Number-theoretic transform (NTT). We obtain superior performance compared to the previous state of the art implementations using Toom–Cook multiplication on both NIST’s primary software optimization targets AVX2 and Cortex-M4. Interestingly, these two platforms require different approaches: On the Cortex-M4, we use 32-bit NTT-based polynomial multiplication, while on Intel we use two 16-bit NTT-based polynomial multiplications and combine the products using the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT).For Saber, the performance gain is particularly pronounced. On Cortex-M4, the Saber NTT-based matrix-vector multiplication is 61% faster than the Toom–Cook multiplication resulting in 22% fewer cycles for Saber encapsulation. For NTRU, the speed-up is less impressive, but still NTT-based multiplication performs better than Toom–Cook for all parameter sets on Cortex-M4. The NTT-based polynomial multiplication for NTRU-HRSS is 10% faster than Toom–Cook which results in a 6% cost reduction for encapsulation. On AVX2, we obtain speed-ups for three out of four NTRU parameter sets.As a further illustration, we also include code for AVX2 and Cortex-M4 for the Chinese Association for Cryptologic Research competition award winner LAC (also a NIST round 2 candidate) which outperforms existing code.
(Re)constructing Reflexivity: A Relational Constructionist Approach
Authors: Hosking Diane , Pluut Bettine
Published: February 2021

This article distinguishes three discourses of reflexivity in relation to human inquiry. One of these arises from a post-modern, relational constructionist perspective which radically re-conceptualizes reflexivity: (a) as a local and co-constructed process oriented towards the question (b) how are we 'going on' together, and therefore paying attention to (c) the realities and relations we are co-creating during the research process and so (d) is concerned with local pragmatic and ethical issues (Gergen & Hosking, 2006; McNamee, 1994) rather than with the quality of truth claims. Regular reflexive dialogues as part of, and directed at, the research process can heighten the local use value of research for all participants and can facilitate new possible realities and relations.
A Case of One Professor's Teaching and Use of Nature of Science in an Introductory Chemistry Course
Authors: Karakas Mehmet
Published: February 2021

In this article I provide a qualitative analysis of one faculty's teaching and answer the following research question: How does one chemistry professor who teaches introductory science incorporate aspects of the nature of science (NOS) into his course? This study concentrates on a single case in one private higher institution in the Northeastern United States. The participant's teaching style is presented through a combined presentation of interviews, classroom observations, and classroom activities. Six main themes emerged from the field notes in the areas of teacher actions, student teacher interactions, start of the lecture, incorporating NOS language in instruction, class size, and student actions These findings revealed that the participant preferred to use traditional teacher-centered lecturing as his teaching style; his main concerns were to cover more content, develop problem-solving skills of his students, and teach fundamental principles of chemistry without paying special importance to the aspects of NOS.
Embodied Transcription: A Creative Method for Using Voice-Recognition Software
Authors: Brooks Christine
Published: February 2021

Voice-recognition software is designed to be used by one user (voice) at a time, requiring a researcher to speak all of the words of a recorded interview to achieve transcription. Thus, the researcher becomes a conduit through which interview material is inscribed as written word. Embodied Transcription acknowledges performative and interpretative aspects of interview and transcription processes and explores the efficacy of utilizing the researcher's body as an epistemological tool. Influenced by performance art, feminism and postmodernism, the iterative cycles of Embodied Transcription include processes of vocalization and resonation which may foster "knowing in the body," and serve to enrich and deepen the researcher's understanding of collected data. Potential pitfalls such as projection and technology failures are addressed.
Methodology in Seeking Stakeholder Perceptions of Effective Technical Oral Presentations: An Exploratory Pilot Study
Authors: Bhattacharyya Ena , Patil Arun , Sargunan Rajeswary
Published: February 2021

Engineering communication studies indicate the importance of oral presentations as an indispensable component of workplace oral communication activities; however, since there is limited literature regarding stakeholder perceptions of effective presentation skills and attributes in technical oral presentations or final year engineering project presentations, the authors conducted a mixed method to seek the perceptions of selected members of the academic and professional engineering community involved in technical oral presentations regarding effective presentation skills and attributes required in these technical oral presentations. The paper describes the quantitative and qualitative research methods employed to seek participant feedback involved in the study.
DESAIN DAPUR UMUM PORTABLE UNTUK PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA ALAM
Authors: Hidayanto Andi Farid , Rulia Anna
Published: February 2021

Indonesia is prone to disaster. In dealing with disasters, especially in meeting the needs of the logistics required for the victims eating soup kitchen. Common kitchen that exist today are generally in the form of tents, houses are used as shelters, or modified cars. Common kitchen there was an emergency, sober, and its location can not approach the scene. Of this problem is in the design of a common kitchen for natural disaster relief, which can meet the needs of officers, as well as victims. The resulting soup kitchen design can accommodate logistics taste, giving space for officers, protected from external environmental conditions, and can be placed in a location close to the scene. In general kitchen design is done by Pahl and Beitz method in the design of products with the steps that Planning andexplanation task, the concept of product design, product design shape, and design details. For data collection using the Individual Questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion This result will be obtained attributes required in the design. The results of the research is a common kitchen design for a portable natural disaster easily assembled and disassembled, can be established at the site of diverse, easy to operate, and is able to accommodate facilities and needs. Common kitchen designs produced in the form of large-scale three-dimensional model, a blueprint for technical specifications, which can proceed to the production phase.

Indonesia merupakan daerah rawan bencana. Dalam menangani bencana, utamanya dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan logistik makan untuk para korban diperlukan dapur umum. Dapur umum yang ada saat ini umumnya berupa tenda peleton, rumah (bangunan) yang dijadikan posko, atau mobil yang dimodifikasi. Dapur umum yang ada sifatnya darurat, seadanya dan lokasinya tidak bisa mendekati tempat kejadian. Dari masalah tersebut perlu didesain dapur umum untuk penanggulangan bencana alam, yang bisa memenuhi kebutuhan, petugas maupun korban. Desain dapur umum yang dihasilkan mampu menampung logistik secukupnya, memberi ruang untuk petugas, terlindungi dari kondisi lingkungan luar, dan bisa ditempatkan di lokasi dekat kejadian. Dalam mendesain dapur umum ini dilakukan dengan metode Pahl dan Beitz dalam perancangan produk dengan langkah-langkah yaitu Perencanaan dan penjelasan tugas, Perancangan konsep produk, Perancangan bentuk produk, dan Perancangan detail. Untuk pengumpulan data menggunakan metode Individual Questionnaire dan Focus Group Discussion yang hasilnya ini akan didapatkan atribut yang diperlukan dalam desain. Hasil dari penelitian berupa desain dapur umum untuk penanggulangan bencana alam yang portable mudah dirakit dan dibongkar, bisa didirikan di lokasi yang beraneka ragam, mudah dioperasikan, serta mampu  menampung fasilitas dan kebutuhan. Desain dapur umum yang dihasilkan dalam bentuk model tiga dimensi berskala, blue print spesifikasi teknis, yang bisa dilanjutkan ke tahap produksi.
Evaluation of Dietary Anti-nutritional Factors and Amino Acids Supplementation on Growth, Feed Efficiency Ratio, and Apparent Digestibility of Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) at Equal Feed Intake
Authors: Xu Houguo , Zuo Rantao , Ai Qinghui , Zhang Yanjiao , Ma Kangsen , Chen Wei
Published: February 2021

A 30-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the anti-nutritional factors in fish meal-based diets, and limiting amino acids in soybean meal-based diets on growth, feed efficiency ratio (FER), and nutrient apparent digestibility (AD) of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) at equal feed intake. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated: Diet 1 contained fish meal as the main dietary protein source; Diet 2 was based on Diet 1 and supplemented with anti-nutritional factors; Diet 3 contained both fish meal and soybean meal as main protein source; Diet 4 was based on Diet 3 and supplemented with crystalline amino acids. All diets were assigned to triplicate groups of 5 fish per aquarium. Results from Diet 1 showed that force-feeding was a possible method to rear Japanese flounder with high FER and 100% survival rate. In the first three periods (4 days/period), weight gain (WG) and FER of fish fed Diets 2, 3 & 4 were significantly lower (P<0.05) than in fish fed Diet 1. After 30 days of the feeding trial, WG and FER of fish fed Diets 3 & 4 were significantly lower than in fish fed Diet 1 (P<0.05). No significant difference in WG and FER was observed either between fish fed Diets 1 & 2, or between fish fed Diets 3 & 4. The AD of dry matter and crude lipid of fish fed Diets 3 & 4 were significantly lower than those of fish fed Diet 1 (P<0.05). Results indicated that supplementation of anti-nutritional factors in a fish meal-based diet, or supplementation of crystalline amino acids in a soybean meal-based diet did not significantly affect growth performance of Japanese flounder by force feeding.
Dietary Effect of Lonicera japonica on Immune Expression in Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, Challenged with Vibrio anguillarum
Authors: Heo Moon-Soo , Balasundaram Chellam , Jang Yeoung-Hwan , Park o-Hyun , Kim Dong-Hwi , Dharaneedharan Subramanian
Published: February 2021

Respiratory burst, lysozyme, phagocytic activities, and immune gene expression levels were assessed in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, 10.52±2.5 g) fed with 0%, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% Lonicera japonica leaf powder (LjLP) for four weeks. All flounder fish fed LjLP showed significantly increased respiratory burst, lysozyme and phagocytic activity. Total immunoglobulin levels in LjLP diet fed fish groups were higher than in fish fed the basal diet (BD). In flounder fed LjLP, immune gene expression and antioxidant activity were significantly enhanced after 4 weeks of culture. One week following a challenge with Vibrio anguillarum, fish fed with different concentrations of LjLP showed decreased cumulative mortality and enhanced immunity all compared to the BD diet group. Our findings have shown that Lonicera japonica leaf powder enhanced immune response and resistance to V. anguillarum infection in olive flounder.