bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spherulite-enhanced macroscopic polarization in molecular ferroelectric films from vacuum deposition
Authors: Tiwari Bibek , Ni Yuanyuan , Savage Jackson , Daugherty Ellen , Giri Bharat , Li Xin , Xu Xiaoshan
Published: June 2024

Microstructure analysis of proton-transfer type ferroelectric DC-MBI films deposited via restrained growth for macroscopic polarization.
Simulations of a PKA RIα homodimer reveal cAMP-coupled conformational dynamics of each protomer and the dimer interface with functional implications
Authors: Chen Xin , Guo Cong
Published: June 2024

The removal of cAMP from CBD-A and CBD-B of a PKA RIα homodimer exerts different effects on the conformational dynamics of each protomer and the interface of two protomers.
Calculation of electric field gradients with the exact two-component (X2C) quasi-relativistic method and its local approximations
Authors: Li Wenxin , Filatov Michael , Zou Wenli
Published: June 2024

A standalone program has been developed for the calculation of quasi-relativistic nuclear properties of heavy nuclei in molecules, including the electric field gradients, contact densities, and so on.
From traditional medicine to nanomedicine: potential of Ginkgo biloba extracts in treating inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Chummun Phul Itisha , Gómez-Llonín Andrea , Bhaw-Luximon Archana
Published: June 2024

Potential interference of signalling pathways mediating the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and angiogenic properties of G. biloba extracts in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
A method for estimation of plasma protein binding using diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY)
Authors: Taylor Rachel , Swift Thomas , Wilkinson David , Afarinkia Kamyar
Published: June 2024

We describes a fast and simple method for quantitative determination of plasma protein binding of drug molecules using diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY).
Targeted treatment of rat AKI induced by rhabdomyolysis using BMSC derived magnetic exosomes and its mechanism
Authors: Chen Yuling , Hou Shike
Published: June 2024

Rhabdomyolysis (RM) is a serious syndrome. A large area of muscle injury and dissolution induces acute kidney injury (AKI), which results in a high incidence and mortality rate.
Boosting the spin polarization and ferromagnetic stability of monolayer C3N through strategic mono-doping and co-doping with copper (Cu) and vanadium (V)
Authors: Niu Yong , Wang Ying , Wang Pan , Zhang Xiaofei
Published: June 2024

The impact of V and Cu doping on spin polarization and ferromagnetic stability in monolayer C3N was explored. Co-doping at 5.681 Å distances shows the strongest FM state, advancing spintronics applications.
3D marigold flowers of copper–nickel oxide composite materials as a positive electrode for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Jadhav Amar L. , Jadhav Sharad L. , Mali Sawanta , Hong C. K. , Kadam Anamika V.
Published: June 2024

3D marigold flowers of copper–nickel oxide via hydrothermal method as positive electrode for high-performance hybrid supercapacitor with specific capacitance of 2387.15 F g−1 and 93% cycling capacitive retention performance up to 10 000 cycles.
Chiral defect-induced blue photoluminescence and circularly polarized luminescence of zero-dimensional Cs4PbBr6 perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Zhao Jiaqi , Wang Yuan , Wang Tinglei , Wang Yu
Published: June 2024

Chiral-defect-induced strategy is employed to synthesize zero-dimensional chiral Cs4PbBr6 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with blue photoluminescence and CPL response via a phase transition process.
A composite proton exchange membrane with a three-dimensionally-reinforced hydrogen bonding network for durable hydrogen fuel cells
Authors: Dong Yunfa , Feng Chao , Xie Haodong , He Yuhui , Costa Carlos M. , Lanceros-Méndez Senentxu , Han Jiecai , He Weidong
Published: June 2024

Herein, a composite proton exchange membrane is proposed to realize durable hydrogen fuel cells by incorporating polyphenolamine treated ZrO2 and ePTFE into perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) to form a 3D-reinforced hydrogen bonding network.
Dearomative difunctionalization of arenes via highly selective radical relay reactions
Authors: Lei Ning , Zhang Qian , Tao Pan , Lu Cong , Lei Qian , Zheng Ke
Published: June 2024

Dearomatization of arenes emerges as a reliable strategy for crafting intricate 3D polycyclic frameworks.
Fabrication of a ternary biocomposite film based on polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose nanocrystals, and silver nanoparticles for food packaging
Authors: Nguyen Long Hoang , Tran Trang Thanh , Nguyen Thanh-My Thi , Le Hieu Van , Nguyen Kim-Phung Le , Vu An Nang
Published: June 2024

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were loaded on deprotonated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCd) and incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to develop novel active food packaging films.
Ready-to-use graphene-related material-added multi-grade oils: characterization and performance in car engine working conditions
Authors: Garcia Lleo Miquel , Sacchetti Valentina , Cacciola Claudio , Medri Elena , Ligi Simone , Liscio Andrea , Minelli Matteo
Published: June 2024

Development of long stable graphene-based lubricant blend based on fully commercial components. Friction, wear and rheological analysis and preliminary bench-test on a commercial car.
Coordination of Ti3+ and Ni3+ to promote the electrocatalytic OER properties of SrTiO3@TiO2 heterojunctions
Authors: Bi Yanqin , Zhao Zenghua , Qian Jianhua , Chen Liangliang , Duan Chunyang
Published: June 2024

Transition metal doped SrTiO3@TiO2 materials promote the formation of Ti3+ ions, contribute to the separation of photogenerated electron hole pairs and broaden the visible light response.
Design strategy of encapsulated nanoplates and nanorods (ID-CoMo): enhanced catalytic activity and sustainability for overall & solar cell water splitting
Authors: Sangamithirai Muthukumaran , Vijayarangan Murugan , Gayathri Arunagiri , Muthamildevi Murugan , Jayabharathi Jayaraman
Published: June 2024

The encapsulated morphology of ID-CoMo/NF is driven by the ID method. It exhibits a higher catalytic activity, conductivity and lower resistance which enhance bifunctional activity (1.55 V) in overall and solar cell water splitting.
A zero-gap silicon membrane with defined pore size and porosity for alkaline electrolysis
Authors: Raman Akash , van der Werf Sjoerd , Eyövge Cavit , Rodriguez Olguin Miguel Angel , Schlautmann Stefan , Fernández Rivas David , Mei Bastian , Gardeniers Han , Susarrey-Arce Arturo
Published: June 2024

Stable porous silicon based separators for alkaline water electrolysis with micron-sized cylindrical pores and low area resistance.
Neural-network-based solver for vesicle shapes predicted by the Helfrich model
Authors: Rohanizadegan Yousef , Li Hong , Chen Jeff Z. Y.
Published: June 2024

Can an artificial neural network learn the Helfrich model and generate three-dimensional axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric shapes? We propose a novel framework where a neural network is optimized by machine-learning techniques to achieve this.
The Feasibility of an Online Language Program Delivered Through Music and the Impact of Dosage on Vocabulary Outcomes in Young Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Frizelle Pauline , McMullan Eva , Looney Eibhlín , Dahly Darren , O'Toole Ciara , Hart Nicola
Published: June 2024

Background:

Few studies have explored the feasibility of online language interventions for young children with Down syndrome. Additionally, none have manipulated dose frequency or reported on the use of music as a medium through which language and sign can be learned.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the feasibility and acceptability of an online language through music intervention for young children (1–3;6 years) with Down syndrome and (b) compare effectiveness at two intervention dose frequencies.

Method:

The study was carried out in two phases using a mixed-methods design.
Phase 1:
Qualitative data were gathered from parents to examine feasibility when implementing a video-based language intervention.
Phase 2:
Seventy-six families participated in an online language intervention at home. Effectiveness was examined comparing two groups, randomly assigned to a high and low dose frequency. The Down Syndrome Education (DSE) checklists (combined) were the primary outcome measure. Process data were gathered to determine intervention acceptability in practice and to identify factors that would improve successful future implementation. Acceptability data were analyzed with reference to the theoretical framework of acceptability (Version 2).

Results:

Forty-three parents completed the Phase 1 scoping questionnaire, five of whom took part in focus groups. Once weekly morning sessions were indicated as the preferred scheduling choice. Phase 2 quantitative data were analyzed using beta regression adjusted for baseline scores and indicated no additional benefit to receiving the higher dose. However, exploratory interaction models suggested that the efficacy of the high-dose intervention was higher (than low-dose intervention) in participants with higher baseline DSE performance. Parents perceived the intervention to be effective and positive for the family.

Conclusion:

The results add to our knowledge of real-world effective online interventions and suggest that a critical minimum language level is required for children with Down syndrome to benefit optimally from a higher intervention dose frequency.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25979704
Design and experimental evaluation of a data‐driven PID controller using cerebellar memory
Authors: Li Zhifeng , Hiraoka Kei , Yamamoto Toru
Published: June 2024

In industrial process control, the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control scheme is well‐recognized and widely utilized. However, due to the distinctive characteristics of real systems, their control design primarily aims at achieving optimal production performance, constrained by uncertainty and variations. This paper initially discusses a database‐driven PID (DD‐PID) control scheme that was previously proposed. This scheme combines the DD‐PID with the cerebellar model articulation control to minimise computational and memory requirements for industrial application. Subsequently, a hydraulic system is introduced, detailing its characteristics and control necessities. Furthermore, both the DD‐PID and the proposed cerebellar model articulation control memory‐based DD‐PID control schemes are implemented and evaluated through experimental examples on a hydraulic system. Lastly, as a practical validation of the theoretical approach, a quantitative assessment compares the two methods, discussing the practicality and efficacy of the proposed scheme in reducing computation and memory consumption.
An improved double‐vector model predictive control strategy for four‐switch three‐phase inverter‐fed permanent magnet synchronous motor based on visualisation analysis considering DC voltage pulsation
Authors: Wang Pengshuai , Niu Feng , Guo Leilei , Huang Shaopo , Chu Zhiyue
Published: June 2024

To address the problem of considerable current distortions in traditional single‐vector model predictive control (MPC) method for four‐switch three‐phase inverter (FSTPI)‐fed permanent magnet synchronous motor, a double‐vector MPC scheme has been studied. However, it still lacks a sufficient theoretical foundation, causing doubts about its effectiveness. To perfect this deficiency, a novel visualisation analysis scheme considering DC voltage pulsation is presented to demonstrate the validity of the traditional double‐vector MPC method for FSTPI. The analysis results reveal for the first time that the traditional double‐vector MPC method is not always superior to the single‐vector method as there is no zero voltage vector for FSTPI. So, a new virtual voltage vector is defined to compensate the deteriorated control performance caused by the absence of zero voltage vectors, based on which an improved double‐vector MPC method is further put forward to reduce the current ripples. Then, the presented visualisation analysis is adopted to demonstrate the validity of the improved MPC strategy under pulsating DC voltage conditions. Finally, a new voltage sector division technology is further put forward to simplify the implementation steps of the presented method. Contrastive experimental studies demonstrate the availability of the improved MPC strategy.
Intelligent stability monitoring and improvement of grid‐connected converter under weighted average control
Authors: Qiu Yuan , Wang Yanbo , Tian Yanjun , Chen Zhe
Published: June 2024

This article presents an intelligent stability monitoring and improvement method for the grid‐connected converter system. The model of grid‐connected converter, based on the weighted average current feedback (WACF) and weighted average voltage feedforward (WAVF) control, is first established. Then, the time‐varying grid impedance and parameter perturbation of LCL‐filter are precisely identified by artificial neural network (ANN) module in real time. Furthermore, the control parameters are adaptively tuned by certain rules based on the predicted parameters to increase the high‐frequency stability margin of converter system. Simulation and experimental results are given to validate the proposed identification and parameter tuning method. The proposed method is able to monitor the real‐time operation state of the grid‐connected converter and improve the self‐adaptivity of the grid‐connected converter system against parameter perturbation.
Dust evolution during a protostellar collapse: Influence on the coupling between the neutral gas and magnetic field
Authors: Vallucci-Goy V. , Lebreuilly U. , Hennebelle P.
Published: June 2024

Context. The extent of the coupling between the magnetic field and the gas during the collapsing phase of star-forming cores is strongly affected by the dust size distribution, which is expected to evolve by means of coagulation, fragmentation, and other collision outcomes.

Aims. We aim to investigate the influence of key parameters on the evolution of the dust distribution, as well as on the magnetic resistivities during protostellar collapse.

Methods. We performed a set of collapsing single-zone simulations with shark. The code computes the evolution of the dust distribution, accounting for different grain growth and destruction processes, with the grain collisions being driven by brownian motion, turbulence, and ambipolar drift. It also computes the charges carried by each grain species and the ion and electron densities, as well as the magnetic resistivities.

Results. We find that the dust distribution significantly evolves during the protostellar collapse, shaping the magnetic resistivities. The peak size of the distribution, population of small grains, and, consequently, the magnetic resistivities are controlled by both coagulation and fragmentation rates. Under standard assumptions, the small grains coagulate very early as they collide by ambipolar drift, yielding magnetic resistivities that are many orders of magnitude apart from the non-evolving dust case. In particular, the ambipolar resistivity, ηAD, is very high prior to nH = 1010 cm−3. As a consequence, magnetic braking is expected to be ineffective. In this case, large size protoplanetary discs should result, which is inconsistent with recent observations. To alleviate this tension, we identified mechanisms that are capable of reducing the ambipolar resistivity during the ensuing protostellar collapse. Among them, electrostatic repulsion and grain-grain erosion feature as the most promising approaches.

Conclusions. The evolution of the magnetic resistivities during the protostellar collapse and consequently the shape of the magnetic field in the early life of the protoplanetary disc strongly depends on the possibility to repopulate the small grains or to prevent their early coagulation. Therefore, it is crucial to better constrain the collision outcomes and the dust grain’s elastic properties, especially the grain’s surface energy based on both theoretical and experimental approaches.
Deuterium fractionation of the starless core L 1498
Authors: Lin Sheng-Jun , Lai Shih-Ping , Pagani Laurent , Lefèvre Charlène , Thieme Travis J.
Published: June 2024

Context. Molecular deuteration is commonly seen in starless cores and is expected to occur on a timescale comparable to that of the core contraction. Thus, the deuteration serves as a chemical clock, allowing us to investigate dynamical theories of core formation.

Aims. We aim to provide a 3D cloud description for the starless core L 1498 located in the nearby low-mass star-forming region Taurus and explore its possible core formation mechanism.

Methods. We carried out nonlocal thermal equilibrium radiative transfer with multi-transition observations of the high-density tracer N2H+ to derive the density and temperature profiles of the L 1498 core. By combining these observations with the spectral observations of the deuterated species, ortho-H2D+, N2D+, and DCO+, we derived the abundance profiles for the observed species and performed chemical modeling of the deuteration profiles across L 1498 to constrain the contraction timescale.

Results. We present the first ortho-H2D+ (110−111) detection toward L 1498. We find a peak molecular hydrogen density of 1.6−0.3+3.0 × 105 cm−3, a temperature of 7.5−0.5+0.7 K, and a N2H+ deuteration of 0.27−0.15+0.12 in the center.

Conclusions. We derived a lower limit of the core age for L 1498 of 0.16 Ma, which is compatible with the typical free-fall time, indicating that L 1498 likely formed rapidly.
Management of land development risks in the course of implementation of investment and construction projects
Authors: Grabovy Pyotr , Volgin Valentin
Published: June 2024

Development is used to optimize investment construction activities. It is a form of investment carried out in the real estate market, designed to increase the investment attractiveness of a real estate object through its physical transformation or/and change of legal status. Land development acts as a process for the development of a piece of land in order to increase its value, profit, solve social or other problems. That is, it is a process associated with the formation of the necessary habitat, as well as in order to increase not only the level of liquidity, but also the level of attractiveness. Land development is designed to identify the best way to effectively use a piece of land for the implementation of an investment construction project. The effective development of various territories located within the boundaries of urban settlements implies the rational use of land resources of local governments, it follows that the implementation of measures related to the regulation of land use, increasing its efficiency is the main task of the municipality in the life cycle of territorial development. If the land belongs to local self-government bodies where an investment and construction project is planned, then the formation of a city investment policy takes place in order to achieve the required social and budgetary efficiency.
Assessing the consistency between social facility commissioning and new housing in the EAEU: A housing demography perspective
Authors: Niiazalieva Kunduzkul , Kulova Erkin , Galushkina Elena , Derbisheva Elmira , Assylbayev Aidar
Published: June 2024

This study aims to investigate whether social facilities are being constructed sufficiently in relation to the volume of new dwelling construction, using the example of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The study focuses on three types of social facilities: general education schools, outpatient clinics, and hospitals. The construction of social institutions is crucial in determining the quality of life of the population, and the correspondence between the construction of social facilities and the growth rate of the housing stock is a significant factor in this industry. The objective of this study is to determine the degree of compliance of the construction of social facilities and new housing in the framework of achieving the third, fourth, and eleventh Sustainable Development Goals. The construction industry of the EAEU was the object of study in the field of commissioning new social and residential facilities. The method of correlation analysis revealed disproportionality between the commissioning of housing and healthcare facilities and proportionality between the commissioning of housing and educational facilities in the development of building production factors. This study raises questions about the need to increase the volume of construction of social facilities and align them with the needs of the surrounding housing environment, both quantitatively and qualitatively, while ensuring equal access for the entire population of the EAEU in any country of the EAEU. Analytical calculations are used to draw conclusions and propose specific recommendations within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union.
Augmentation of the electron counting rule with Ising model
Authors: Kawka Karol , Kempisty Paweł , Sakowski Konrad , Krukowski Stanisław , Boćkowski Michał , Bowler David , Kusaba Akira
Published: June 2024

The stability of a mixture of two different surface reconstructions is investigated focusing on GaN(0001) surface mixed with Gaad(2×2) and 3Ga-H(2×2) domains using the density functional theory calculations. Since the number of candidate structures is enormous, the structures sampled by Bayesian optimization are analyzed. As a result, the local electron counting (EC) rule alone was found to be insufficient to explain such stability. Then, augmenting the EC rule, a data-driven Ising model is proposed. The model allows the evaluation of the whole enormous number of candidate structures. The approach is expected to be useful for theoretical studies of such mixtures on various semiconductor surfaces.
Emergent dynamics: Collective motions of polar active particles on surfaces
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Chang , Wang Qi
Published: June 2024

In this study, we focus on the collective dynamics of polar active particles navigating across three distinct surfaces, each characterized by its own unique blend of topological and geometrical properties. The behavior of these active particles is influenced by a multitude of factors, including self-propulsion, inter-particle interactions, surface constraints, and under-damped stochastic forces simulated via Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes. Our exploration unveils the prevailing collective patterns observed within these systems across three surface types: a sphere, a torus, and a landscape featuring hills and valleys, each distinguished by its specific topological and geometrical attributes. We underscore the profound impact of surface curvature and symmetry on the sustainable spatial-temporal dynamics witnessed. Our findings illuminate how the interplay between substantial surface curvature and particular symmetrical characteristics gives rise to a diverse spectrum of spatial-temporal patterns. Notably, we discern that high curvature tends to drive collective motion toward cyclic rotation on spheres and tori, or spatial-temporal periodic traveling ring patterns on landscapes with hills and valleys. Additionally, we observe that rough surfaces and the incorporation of excluded volume effects can disrupt the complexity of these collective spatial-temporal patterns. Through this investigation, we provide invaluable insight into the intricate interplay of curvature and symmetry, profoundly shaping collective behaviors among active particles across varied surfaces.
Pore-scale flooding experiments reveal the thermally regulated flow fields of the curdlan solution
Authors: Yu Xiaoluan , Ma Ting , Li Guoqiang , Wang Weilong , Song Zhiyong
Published: June 2024

Polymers can enhance oil recovery depending on viscoelasticity. In a field, during polymer flow through porous strata, continuous shear forces result in severe viscosity loss. However, polymers with great shear resistance result in limited migration distance. One solution to the above dilemma is to regulate viscosity, which enables a polymer to migrate long distances through pores with low viscosity and subsequently maintain high viscosity in deep reservoirs. The viscosity of curdlan can be regulated by changing temperature. By curdlan, we mean a biopolymer that shows applications in food industry. However, regarding oil reservoirs, it is unclear whether curdlan viscosity can be effectively regulated in pores. To reveal the feasibility of curdlan viscosity regulation to enhance oil recovery, flooding experiments combined with micro-particle image velocimetry were conducted in a two-dimensional pore network to investigate flow fields of curdlan solutions (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%, w/v) at different temperatures (40, 65, and 85 °C). As a result, at 40 °C, curdlan solution (0.25%) easily migrated with low viscosity loss and low adsorption [88.3% original throat diameter (OTD)], and the mobility of curdlan was higher than hydrolyzed polyacrylamide. After heating (65 °C), the viscoelasticity, adsorption (55.1% OTD), and flow resistance (injection pressure, 2.2–8.8 kPa) of curdlan increased, and the greater adsorption capacity of curdlan than xanthan gum led to a more homogeneous flow field [average velocity ratio (Rm), from 2.6 to 1.1]. Since a homogeneous flow field indicated better sweep efficiency, curdlan regulated by temperature could achieve both long-distance migration and improved sweep efficiency in deep strata. These results suggested that viscosity regulation by curdlan could potentially improve oil recovery in water-flooded reservoirs.
The accuracies of effective interactions in downfolding coupled-cluster approaches for small-dimensionality active spaces
Authors: Kowalski Karol , Peng Bo , Bauman Nicholas P.
Published: June 2024

This paper evaluates the accuracy of the Hermitian form of the downfolding procedure using the double unitary coupled cluster (DUCC) ansatz on the benchmark systems of linear chains of hydrogen atoms, H6 and H8. The computational infrastructure employs the occupation-number-representation codes to construct the matrix representation of arbitrary second-quantized operators, allowing for the exact representation of exponentials of various operators. The tests demonstrate that external amplitudes from standard single-reference coupled cluster methods that sufficiently describe external (out-of-active-space) correlations reliably parameterize the Hermitian downfolded effective Hamiltonians in the DUCC formalism. The results show that this approach can overcome the problems associated with losing the variational character of corresponding energies in the corresponding SR-CC theories.
Bifurcation analysis in the regularized four-sided cavity flow: Equilibrium states in a D2-symmetric fluid system
Authors: Meseguer A. , Alonso A. , Batiste O. , An B. , Mellibovsky F.
Published: June 2024

In this study, we investigate a handful of equilibrium states and their hydrodynamic stability for the incompressible flow in a square cavity driven by the tangential simultaneous motion of all of its lids at the same speed. This problem has been investigated in the recent past, albeit only partially and always disregarding the singular boundary conditions at the corners. The implications of the system symmetries have not been rigorously addressed, either. In our study, we introduce a regularized version of the boundary conditions to avoid the corner singularities, in a way that preserves the main features of the original setup. In addition, the Navier–Stokes equations are discretized by means of highly accurate Chebyshev spectral methods that provide exponential convergence of all computed flows and consistently eliminate any potential source of structural instability of the bifurcation scenario. We employ Newton–Krylov solvers, implemented within continuation algorithms, to accurately compute equilibrium solutions. Linear stability analysis of both the primary symmetric base flow and the secondary asymmetric states uncovers new branches of fully asymmetric steady states. The analysis has allowed identification of six previously undetected bifurcations, all of which are associated with the disruption of either the rotational invariance or the reflection symmetry. Some of these bifurcations have been found to be quite clustered in some regions of the parameter space, which points at the underlying action of higher codimension mechanisms. Notably, all the bifurcations reported occur within the range of low to moderate Reynolds numbers, making the regularized four-sided lid-driven cavity flow a reliable benchmark for assessing different numerical schemes in the context of Navier–Stokes equivariant bifurcation theory.
Prediction and analysis for airflow generated noise inside mufflers based on large eddy simulation and Morhing acoustic analogy
Authors: Meng Qingyu , Ji Zhenlin
Published: June 2024

The airflow generated noise inside a simple expansion chamber muffler is predicted by combining large eddy simulation and Morhing acoustic analogy in the present work, and a good agreement is observed between the prediction and measurement. Research indicates that wall pressure fluctuations are dominated by hydrodynamic pressure fluctuations at the distance of first three pipe diameters in the outlet pipe, and wall pressure fluctuations at the distance of six pipe diameters downstream are dominated by sound pressure fluctuations. The airflow generated noise is mainly attributed to the vortex generated by structural change in the muffler, and one observes strong influences at the longitudinal resonance frequency and antiresonance frequency of the expansion chamber. In addition, the effects of expansion chamber lengths, extensions of inlet/outlet, filleted structure, conical tube, and perforated tube on airflow generated noise are studied. Predicted results show that the filleted structure, conical tube, and perforated tube structure may reduce the airflow generated noise effectively.
Unsteady magnetohydrodynamic tri-hybrid nanofluid flow past a moving wedge with viscous dissipation and Joule heating
Authors: Ouyang Yun , Md Basir Md Faisal , Naganthran Kohilavani , Pop Ioan
Published: June 2024

This study aims to boost thermal convection through careful selection and adjustment of nanomaterial volumes, focusing on the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow past a moving wedge with viscous dissipation and Ohmic heating in a ternary nanofluid of alumina (Al2O3), copper oxide (CuO), and copper (Cu) in water. Employing mathematical modeling and numerical analysis via MATLAB's BVP4C, it explores how discharge concentration influences flow characteristics and identifies critical conditions for single or dual solutions. Key parameters such as motion and wedge parameters, Eckert number, magnetic strength, and nanoparticle volume ratios were scrutinized for their impact on fluid dynamics and heat transfer. Results show enhanced convective thermal transfer with increased nanoparticle hybridity and volume fraction, alongside suction/injection parameter (S), unsteadiness parameter (A), Eckert number (Ec), and magnetic parameter (M), albeit decreasing with wedge angle adjustments. Stability analysis revealed the stability of the initial solution vs the instability of the secondary. Introducing a novel time variable, τ=cAt(1−ct), this research demonstrates that at λ=−4.7(a leftward wedge) with a 0.04 nanoparticle volume fraction, ternary and hybrid nanofluids significantly outperform mono nanofluid, achieving thermal efficiency gains of 25.6% and 7.5%, respectively. This foundation underscores the potential of optimized nanofluid mixtures for advanced heat transfer applications.
Transient instability characteristics of fluid film bearings induced by bubble inclusion
Authors: Wei Chunjie , Wang Wei , Xu Jimin , Liu Xiaojun , Liu Kun
Published: June 2024

Bubble inclusion in the tribo-pair leads to two-phase fluid lubrication. Upon the initial introduction of air bubbles to the tribo-pair, it can lead to instability in the operational state. A numerical model is formulated by coupling the fluid Reynolds equation, bubble dynamics equation, and rotor dynamics equation. Various parameters, such as hydrodynamic pressure, fluid carrying capacity, rotor trajectory, and equilibrium position, are employed to characterize the impact of operational and fluid interface parameters on the bubble entrainment process. The findings reveal that the hydrodynamic pressure plays a crucial role in establishing the correlation between velocity and fluctuations in kinetic parameters. Surface tension predominantly influences bubbles within the dispersion region, while surface dilatational viscosity affects the entire domain. Lower surface dilatational viscosity or neglecting surface tension can trigger larger fluctuations in the rotor trajectory. Changes in liquid-phase viscosity result in fluctuations in bubble behavior and dynamics parameters, influenced by the equilibrium position and the effect of hydrodynamic pressure. Higher initial gas-phase volume fractions lead to a more pronounced reduction in fluid-carrying capacity and increased system instability.
Tunable in-plane anisotropy of quasiparticles in twisted MoS2/CrOCl heterostructures
Authors: Guo Xiao , Liao Jujian , Yang Dingbang , Al-Makeen Mansour M. , Xie Haipeng , Zheng Xiaoming , Huang Han
Published: June 2024

Twisted isotropic-anisotropic van der Waals heterostructures provide a platform for controlling the electronic and phononic properties of 2D materials and inducing in-plane anisotropy in some isotropic materials. Herein, angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy are used to investigate the induced in-plane anisotropy of the quasiparticles in the twisted MoS2/CrOCl heterostructures. Both the phonons (Eg2 MoS2 and Ag1 MoS2 modes) and excitons (A and B excitons) in MoS2 represent a strong in-plane orientation dependence, and the maximum intensities are along the [100]CrOCl. The induced anisotropy ratios of phonons vary continuously in the range from 1.22 to 1.13 for the Eg2 MoS2 mode and 1.15 to 1.09 for the Ag1 MoS2 mode with changing twisted angles, which originate from the anisotropic carrier mobility induced by the localized charge distribution from the anisotropic CrOCl substrates, and are further tuned by the uniaxial local limit of charge carriers caused by 1D moiré pattern. Our findings provide a way to controllably regulate the induced in-plane optical anisotropy in heterostructures.
Two moments preserving sectional approach for an enzymatic coagulation equation
Authors: Ansari Zeeshan , Rae Mitchell , Singh Mehakpreet
Published: June 2024

The coagulation process has found extensive applications in monitoring the evolution of aerosol and granule preparation in pharmaceutical sciences, blood clotting in biology, and cheese manufacturing due to the enzymes in the dairy industry. Among these, modeling the cheese manufacturing process is more challenging due to three indistinguishable sub-mechanisms: (a) enzymatic proteolysis, (b) coagulation, and (c) gelation, which occurs during the enzymatic coagulation of milk. The current study focuses on developing a sectional approach based on the cell average technique for monitoring the evolution of enzyme-induced coagulation of paracasein micelles over time. The proposed technique preserves two integral properties, such as total number and total volume in the system. The mathematical formulation of the proposed technique is very simple, easy to code, and has a robust implementation on any uniform and non-uniform grids. Due to the unavailability of the analytical solutions of the number density functions, the validation of the new proposed approach is done by extracting the new series solutions through the modification of the Homotopy perturbation method [Kaur et al., J. Phys. A 52(38), 385201 (2019)] and exact integral moments for several kernels. It has been shown that the new approach not only estimates the first two integral moments accurately but also computes the second-order moment with high precision without any specific measures. Moreover, domains of varying size grids are taken into account to analyze the convergence behavior of the average-size paracasein micelles formed in the system based on the zeroth and first moments.
Stable and wavelength-tunable multiwavelength laser for high-rate measurement device independent quantum key distribution
Authors: Chen Jia-Lin , He De-Yong , Wang Ze-Hao , Wang Shuang , Ding Wen-Jing , Geng Jia-Qi , Yin Zhen-Qiang , Chen Wei , Fan-Yuan Guan-Jie , Guo Guang-Can , Han Zheng-Fu
Published: June 2024

Measurement device independent quantum key distribution (MDI QKD) has attracted growing attention for its immunity to attacks at the measurement unit, but its unique structure limits the secret key rate. Utilizing the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technique and reducing error rates are effective strategies for enhancing the secret key rate. Reducing error rates often requires active feedback control of wavelengths using precise external references. However, for a multiwavelength laser, employing multiple references to stabilize each wavelength output places stringent demands on these references and significantly increases system complexity. Here, we demonstrate a stable, wavelength-tunable multiwavelength laser with an output wavelength ranging from 1270 to 1610 nm. Through precise temperature control and stable drive current, we passively lock the laser wavelength, achieving remarkable wavelength stability. This significantly reduce the error rate, leading to an almost doubling of the secret key rate compared to previous experiments. Furthermore, the exceptional wavelength stability offered by our multiwavelength laser, combined with the WDM technique, has further boosted the secret key rate of MDI QKD. With a wide wavelength tuning range of 5.1 nm, our multiwavelength laser facilitates flexible operation across multiple dense wavelength division multiplexing channels. Coupled with high wavelength stability and multiple wavelength outputs simultaneously, this laser offers a promising solution for a high-rate MDI QKD system.
Time-resolved tomographic particle image velocimetry of flow structures in non-circular orifice impinging jets
Authors: Qu Hao , Zeng Xin , He Chuangxin , Wang Peng , Liu Hong , Liu Yingzheng
Published: June 2024

In this study, time-resolved tomographic particle image velocimetry (Tomo-PIV) was implemented on two different non-circular orifice impinging jets, i.e., elliptical and square orifices, and the circular one was employed as a reference for comparison, with the same equivalent diameter De=20 mm, impinging distance-to-diameter H/D = 3.0, and the Reynolds number (Re) at 1.6×103. A particular concern was placed on examining the coherent structure dynamics and turbulence dissipation of these impinging jets. The dominant Strouhal number (St) of all three jets has the component of 0.53, representing the large-scale Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) vortex ring, particularly for the square orifice, the dominant St is 0.70 at the central axis and 0.18 at the diagonal axis near the impinging surface. In free jet region, the streamwise velocity profile of the square orifice jet always maintains a rhombic development with a 45° difference relative to the outlet shape. In the impingement region, the circular orifice jet has the strongest K–H structure, with two opposite wall jets generated inside and outside, while in elliptical jet impinging, the upturned short axis of the vortex ring after axis-switching invariably contacts the impinging surface first, and then the wall jet vortex ring re-stretches to a circular shape due to the higher velocity of the wall jets generated from the upturned short axis, and the square orifice impinging jet contains no obvious wall K–H vortex rings but undergoes an irregular merging with the vortex ring downstream and stagnation. The time-averaged flow field statistics show that the circular orifice impinging jets have stronger wall jets, while the square orifice is the weakest, due to the strongest turbulent dissipation generated by the more fragmented flow upstream.
Active learning for efficient data-driven aerodynamic modeling in spaceplane design
Authors: Zhang Hao , Huang Wei , Shen Yang , Xu Da-yu , Niu Yao-bin
Published: June 2024

Data-driven surrogate model is extensively applied in the aerodynamics prediction for flight vehicle design. However, for three-dimensional problems, modeling costs hugely in acquiring adequate data. Adaptive and efficient sampling represents a promising approach, so we employ Active Learning (AL) to assess the sampling space. An aerodynamics prediction framework based on the Loss for Active Learning (LLAL) is proposed for capturing the sample insufficient space. The LLAL-based method refines the model by estimating the biases between the ground truths and the predictions as a measure of the high-value samples, then selecting top-K samples for infilling. We first validate our proposed method using an analytical benchmark two-dimensional function, followed by its application to aerodynamics prediction of spaceplane with the number of 60 and the deformation dimensions of 18. Through using both the Latin Hypercube Sampling and LLAL-based methods to infill samples, we observed the R2 of lift-to-drag ratio improves from 0.82 to 0.85. The AL method can enhance the accuracy of models with a limited number of samples, thereby reducing sampling costs and improving the efficiency of aerodynamic design.
Tailoring MoS2 domains size, doping, and light emission by the sulfurization temperature of ultra-thin MoOx films on sapphire
Authors: Panasci Salvatore Ethan , Schilirò Emanuela , Koos Antal , Roccaforte Fabrizio , Cannas Marco , Agnello Simonpietro , Pécz Béla , Giannazzo Filippo
Published: June 2024

Thermal sulfurization of ultra-thin Mo-based films represents a promising approach for large-area growth of MoS2. In this paper, we demonstrated that the crystalline quality (domains size and defects density), strain, doping, and light emission properties of monolayer (1L) MoS2 obtained from sputter deposited MoOx films on a c-sapphire substrate can be tailored by the sulfurization temperature (Ts) in the range from 700 to 800 °C. Starting from a continuous film with a nanocrystalline domains structure at Ts = 700 °C, a distribution of 1L MoS2 triangular domains with 2.1 ± 0.6 and 2.6 ± 1.6 μm average sizes was obtained by increasing Ts to 750 and 800 °C, respectively. The increase in Ts was accompanied by a strong (25×) enhancement of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity. Furthermore, the average doping of MoS2, evaluated from Raman analyses, evolved from a strong p-type doping (∼1 × 1013 cm−2) after Ts = 700 °C, ascribed to residual MoO3 in the film, to a low average n-type doping (∼0.04 × 1013 cm−2) after Ts = 800 °C. The wide tunability of doping and PL of 1L MoS2 by the sulfurization temperature can be exploited to tailor material properties for different specific applications.
The effect of inlet profiles on the repeatability in the single-stage compressor
Authors: Yu Xianjun , Hou Jingtao , An Guangfeng , Liu Baojie
Published: June 2024

A novel method has been proposed to design inlet gauzes in single-stage low-speed simulation compressor experiments. The aim is to investigate the method for designing inlet profiles and understand how they affect the repeatability of the compressor. Based on the inlet gauzes, the effect of the inlet profile on the compressor repeatability and its flow mechanisms was investigated by the experiments. The experiment results show that, for the single-stage low-speed compressor, as the inlet flow coefficient decreases, the loss and blockage near the rotor casing caused by the tip leakage flow are enhanced, resulting in an increase in the local absolute velocity and the total pressure. Meanwhile, the radial migration of the secondary cross flow in the stator is enhanced, leading to a thinner boundary layer at the stator outlet near casing region. Consequently, the flow capacity near the casing at the compressor outlet is enhanced with a decrease in the inlet flow coefficient. Given that the flow structure and the local loss of the compressor are not sensitive to the inlet profile at the near-choked condition, employing the inlet profile generated based on the compressor outlet profile at the near-stall condition can simulate the repeating stage environment accurately in the single-stage low-speed compressor experiment.
Progesterone inactivation in decidual stromal cells: A mechanism for inflammation-induced parturition
Authors: DeTomaso Angela , Kim Hyeyon , Shauh Jacqueline , Adulla Anika , Zigo Sarah , Ghoul Maya , Presicce Pietro , Kallapur Suhas G. , Goodman Wendy , Tilburgs Tamara , Way Sing-Sing , Hackney David , Moore John , Mesiano Sam
Published: June 2024

The process of human parturition involves inflammation at the interface where fetal chorion trophoblast cells interact with maternal decidual stromal (DS) cells and maternal immune cells in the decidua (endometrium of pregnancy). This study tested the hypothesis that inflammation at the chorion–decidua interface (CDI) induces labor by negating the capacity for progesterone (P4) to block labor and that this is mediated by inactivation of P4 in DS cells by aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1). In human, Rhesus macaque, and mouse CDI,
AKR1C1
expression increased in association with term and preterm labor. In a human DS cell line and in explant cultures of term human fetal membranes containing the CDI, the prolabor inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and media conditioned by LPS-stimulated macrophages increased
AKR1C1
expression and coordinately reduced nuclear P4 levels and P4 responsiveness. Loss of P4 responsiveness was overcome by inhibition of AKR1C1 activity, inhibition of
AKR1C1
expression, and bypassing AKR1C1 activity with a P4 analog that is not metabolized by AKR1C1. Increased P4 activity in response to AKR1C1 inhibition was prevented by the P4 receptor antagonist RU486. Pharmacologic inhibition of AKR1C1 activity prevented parturition in a mouse model of inflammation-induced preterm parturition. The data suggest that inflammatory stimuli at the CDI drive labor by inducing AKR1C1-mediated P4 inactivation in DS cells and that inhibiting and/or bypassing of AKR1C1-mediated P4 inactivation is a plausible therapeutic strategy to mitigate the risk of inflammation-associated preterm birth.
Teleost
Hox
code defines regional identities competent for the formation of dorsal and anal fins
Authors: Adachi Urara , Koita Rina , Seto Akira , Maeno Akiteru , Ishizu Atsuki , Oikawa Sae , Tani Taisei , Ishizaka Mizuki , Yamada Kazuya , Satoh Koumi , Nakazawa Hidemichi , Furudate Hiroyuki , Kawakami Koichi , Iwanami Norimasa , Matsuda Masaru , Kawamura Akinori
Published: June 2024

The dorsal and anal fins can vary widely in position and length along the anterior–posterior axis in teleost fishes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the diversification of these fins remain unknown. Here, we used genetic approaches in zebrafish and medaka, in which the relative positions of the dorsal and anal fins are opposite, to demonstrate the crucial role of
hox
genes in the patterning of the teleost posterior body, including the dorsal and anal fins. By the CRISPR-Cas9-induced frameshift mutations and positional cloning of spontaneous
dorsalfinless
medaka, we show that various
hox
mutants exhibit the absence of dorsal or anal fins, or a stepwise posterior extension of these fins, with vertebral abnormalities. Our results indicate that multiple
hox
genes, primarily from
hoxc
-related clusters, encompass the regions responsible for the dorsal and anal fin formation along the anterior–posterior axis. These results further suggest that shifts in the anterior boundaries of
hox
expression which vary among fish species, lead to diversification in the position and size of the dorsal and anal fins, similar to how modulations in
Hox
expression can alter the number of anatomically distinct vertebrae in tetrapods. Furthermore, we show that
hox
genes responsible for dorsal fin formation are different between zebrafish and medaka. Our results suggest that a novel mechanism has occurred during teleost evolution, in which the gene network responsible for fin formation might have switched to the regulation downstream of other
hox
genes, leading to the remarkable diversity in the dorsal fin position.