bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Flatfish (Order: Pleuronectiformes) Diversity in Indian Waters: A Literature Overview
Authors: PILLAI HONEY UNNIKRISHNA , DUTTA SAYANI
Published: October 2024

The present study provides a comprehensive overview of the taxonomic diversity of flatfish in Indian waters. Flatfish play a significant role in artisanal and commercial fisheries in India and are frequently caught as by-catch in trawling operations. However, their benthic nature makes them particularly vulnerable to the pressures of overfishing and bottom trawling practices. Approximately 13% of all documented flatfish species worldwide have been recorded from India, contributing significantly to the global diversity, which includes 815 species across 124 genera and 14 families. Based on available literature, this study documented 108 flatfish species from India, represented by 35 genera in 10 families. The most dominant families identified were Cynoglossidae, Bothidae, Soleidae, and Paralichthyidae. Among the four major oceanic boundaries of India-the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, the Andaman and Nicobar regions, and the Lakshadweep waters, the Bay of Bengal was identified as having the highest recorded diversity of flatfish species. According to the IUCN classification, approximately 71 species reported from India are categorized as “Least Concern,” 34 as “Data Deficient,” two species as “Vulnerable,” and one species as “Near Threatened.” One species, Paraplagusia blochii, is still not assessed.
New species and new records of Clistopyga (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) in Brazil
Authors: HIGA PRISCILLA T. , VICTORINO BÁRBARA I. , DIAS MANOEL M. , DIAS ANGÉLICA M. PENTEADO-
Published: October 2024

Clistopyga magninsula sp. nov. (Pimplinae, Ichneumonidae) from Brazil is described as new. Clistopyga hayesiana Bordera & Sääksjärvi and C. porteri Bordera & Sääksjärvi, previously known only to Paraguay and Argentina respectively, are recorded for the first time in Brazil. We also present a redescription of C. tundisii (Penteado-Dias & Victorino) which was wrongly identified in the genus Zonopimpla.
Newly recorded genera and species of the subfamily Nolinae, with the description of a new species of Njalkanola László, Ronkay & Witt from China (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Nolidae)
Authors: RUAN ZAN-YU , YU YONG , HU YAN-QING
Published: October 2024

Five genera of Nolinae (Njalkanola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010, Barnanola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010, Calonola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010, Toerpenola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010 and Cornuanola László, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2013) are reported from China for the first time. A new species of Njalkanola (Njalkanola puerensis Ruan, Yu & Hu, sp. nov.) is described from Yunnan Province of China. Detailed illustrations of adult and genitalia are provided.
Unveiled: Proclaiming the Essence and Message of the Gospel with Clarity, Consistency, and Conviction
Authors: Greene Bob C.
Published: October 2024

In theological discourse, the gospel is the singular epicenter, the radiant core, and the transcendent blueprint of divine intentionality. This article delves into the profound assertion that the gospel represents not merely a fragment of sacred text but is the ultimate plan and proclamation encapsulating all that God has been, is, and will ever be within the expansive tapestry of the universe. The gospel's prominence transcends theological boundaries as it emerges as the pulsating heart of the Bible, casting an indelible shadow over every page and parable. It beckons us to recognize that within the sacred scriptures, every narrative, every verse, and every doctrine is unequivocally linked to one of three overarching categories: preparation for the gospel, presentation of the gospel, or participation in the gospel. Our journey through these sacred texts unveils an awe-inspiring continuum of divine action—stretching from the timeless recesses before creation to the grand crescendo of restoration in a future yet to unfold. Indeed, the Bible, we contend, is not a mere anthology of ideas but a meticulously recorded account of God's myriad acts.
The New Energy State: Offshore Governance Regimes for Renewables as Natural Resources
Authors: Sen Anupama , Jamasb Tooraj
Published: October 2024

Maturing renewable energy technologies are birthing new industry configurations, with offshore wind—with the EU holding 80 percent of global capacity—and “energy islands,” as notable examples. However, a clear conceptualization of the role of the state and governance framework is lacking, alongside growing pressure for the state to define the path forward. This paper analyzes recent developments in emerging EU offshore renewable energy regimes, drawing three implications that show the need for new governance frameworks. First, there is a reconfiguration of energy industry structures around changing economics and policies, in a repeat of historical experience. Second, energy islands increasingly represent features of a natural resource in fixed supply, with the economic nature of offshore energy gradually transiting from the sub-domain of renewable energy economics towards natural resource economics. Third, to realize their economic value, governance frameworks are needed to enable these resources to harmonize with other resources in fixed supply, such as the land on which they are sited, which is constitutionally under the stewardship of the state. We set out criteria for governance of these emerging offshore renewables, to underpin the changing industry landscape and new role of the state within it.

JEL Classification: L22, L24, L51, Q20, Q24, Q28, Q32, Q38, Q48
Hospital-based Costs to the National Health Service (UK) for Children and Adolescents Born with Cleft from Birth to 20 Years
Authors: Durman Kyle , Hasanally Saleem , Thorn Joanna , Ireland Anthony , Fowler Peter , Deacon Scott , Sandy Jonathan
Published: October 2024

Objective

The primary aim was to assess the cost (£) to the National Health Service (NHS) of hospital treatment for individuals born with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and cleft palate (CP), from birth to 20 years. The secondary aim was to assess the number of scheduled clinical outpatient and inpatient/outpatient surgical visits for this cohort.

Design

Retrospective micro-costing analysis.

Setting

Patients treated within the South West of England Cleft Service (UK).

Patients

Twenty-three case-notes of children born with cleft (5 BCLP; 10 UCLP; 8 CP) were identified from birth up to and including secondary alveolar bone graft (ABG), and a second group of 23 hospital case-notes (3 BCLP; 10 UCLP; 10 CP) were identified, post-ABG to 20 years.

Results

Mean costs from birth to ABG were £17,004 (BCLP), £11,620 (UCLP), and £6137 (CP), and post-ABG to 20 years were £9,463, £7,945, and £3,816, respectively. The largest costs were for staff. Repeat surgery had a significant impact on costs. The mean number of clinical outpatient visits for BCLP, UCLP, and CP were 140, 110 and 83 respectively and 8, 6 and 2 for inpatient/outpatient surgical visits, respectively.

Conclusions

Costs for provision of cleft care by the NHS are significant. The greatest costs were incurred with care for patients with BCLP. Patients were expected to attend many appointments, with BCLP experiencing the most visits. Engagement with quality improvement programmes to minimise repeat surgery, and remote consultation for certain appointments, to reduce the patient burden are recommended.
Wagner Syndrome-like fundus presentation of atypical Persistent Fetal Vasculature
Authors: Quarta Alberto , Toto Lisa , Ruggeri Maria Ludovica , Mastropasqua Rodolfo
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To report the case of a woman with atypical Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) accompanied by more typical findings of Wagner Syndrome.

Results

A 58-year-old woman complained about persistent flashes and floaters for more than 6 months. Multimodal retinal imaging showed Bergmeister papilla and a fibrous gray strand floating behind the macula in the right eye. Ultra-wide field retinography revealed a 270° paving-stone degeneration and a nasal circumferential vitreous veil in both eyes. Functional and genetic testing were negative for inherited retinal diseases.

Conclusions and importance

PFV spectrum confirms its heterogeneous presentation. We report an atypical adult PFV case in presence of retrolental and optic nerve head stalks, accompanied by extensive peripheral vitreoretinal degenerations. This case may expand the current understanding of PFV presentation in adulthood.
Prediction of Treatment Recommendations Via Ensemble Machine Learning Algorithms for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients in Personalized Medicine
Authors: Moon Hojin , Tran Lauren , Lee Andrew , Kwon Taeksoo , Lee Minho
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

The primary goal of this research is to develop treatment-related genomic predictive markers for non-small cell lung cancer by integrating various machine learning algorithms that recommends near-optimal individualized patient treatment for chemotherapy in an effort to maximize efficacy or minimize treatment-related toxicity. This research can contribute toward developing a more refined, accurate and effective therapy accounting for specific patient needs.

Methods:

To accomplish our research goal, we implement ensemble learning algorithms, bagging with regularized Cox regression models and nonparametric tree-based models via Random Survival Forests. A comprehensive meta-database was compiled from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus data repository for lung cancer patients to capture and utilize complex genomic patterns that can predict treatment outcomes more accurately.

Results:

The developed novel prediction algorithm demonstrates the ability to support complex clinical decision-making processes in the treatment of NSCLC. It effectively addresses patient heterogeneity, offering predictions that are both refined and personalized in improving the precision of chemotherapy regimens prescribed to the eligible patients.

Conclusion:

This research should contribute substantial advancement of cancer treatments by improving the accuracy and efficacy of chemotherapy treatments for a targeted group of patients who need the right treatment. The integration of complex machine learning techniques with genomic data holds substantial potential to transform current cancer treatment paradigms by providing robust support in clinical decision-making.
Development of soft wearable robotic gloves to prevent muscle fatigue and enhance work efficiency
Authors: Park Soah , Lee Dongun , Won Hyunbin , Cho Yumin , Yoon Jeong Eun , Kim Jungmin , Shin Dongjun , Koo Sumin Helen
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to develop wearable robotic gloves that can provide comfort to logistics and transportation workers while providing hand assistance and addressing accumulated muscle fatigue caused by repetitive manual handling tasks. Two types of gloves, rivet-type and pouch-type were developed and evaluated using the nine-hole peg test (NHPT) and grip strength tests. Results showed rivet-type gloves had better dexterity, with an 8.14% faster NHPT time, and maintained 85% grip strength compared to 80% for pouch-type gloves, even after fatigue exercises. Wearability tests were conducted by measuring clothing pressure and brainwaves. In contrast to the functional experimental results, the pouch-type gloves exhibited significant decreases in clothing pressure during actuation. According to the difference in brain waves in the frontal lobe region, the beta and gamma waves observed when wearing pouch-type gloves were lower than those of rivet-type gloves, and pouch-type gloves exhibited higher alpha-wave results than rivet-type gloves. These results imply that participants were in a comparatively relaxed state when wearing pouch-type gloves. A wearer’s evaluation survey on the overall design, function, comfort, safety, ease of use, usefulness, and use intention was conducted. In summary, the rivet-type gloves exhibited better results in hand performance while the pouch-type gloves showed advantages in wearability, suggesting a tradeoff relationship between force transmission and wearer comfort. The results of this study aimed to improve the work efficiency at logistics and transportation industry sites and help improve the welfare of workers.
Centralized multi-robot logistic system: An approach using the island model genetic algorithm as task scheduler
Authors: Kunz Cechinel Alan , De Pieri Edson Roberto
Published: October 2024

The practicality allied with technological and logistical advances led customers increasingly to join e-commerce. This phenomenon was even more expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of the growing demand for logistic services, warehouses must adapt and seek faster and more efficient processes. A means to achieve that is to use mobile robots in transportation-related tasks. However, their effectiveness is only achieved if the system has an efficient work distributor. This research developed a centralized coordination architecture using the island model genetic algorithm for multi-robot logistic task allocation. The coordination receives, allocates, and monitors tasks performed by robots with different payload capacities and average speeds. The architecture was developed upon the robotic operating system. Thus, any robot with a robotic operating system-based internal system can work under the coordination of this architecture. On the results, the task scheduler, developed in previous work, had the evaluation complemented. The scheduler based on the island model genetic algorithm allocates more tasks than the standard genetic algorithm when using the same heuristic. Regarding coordination architecture, the system successfully managed a group of robots in a simulated environment. It also detected and notified failures during task execution. Therefore, this system provides a complete task scheduling, allocation, and monitoring solution.
Fabrication of three implant-supported crowns using a digital workflow: a case report
Authors: Turkyilmaz Ilser , Winfree Jessie , Reiss Natalia , Suer Berkay Tolga
Published: October 2024

Accurate working impression is an essential requirement for the fabrication of implant prosthesis, and digital impressions have recently become more popular. In this case report, a completely digital workflow is introduced for the fabrication of three single-unit screw-retained implant crowns on the posterior maxilla by a dental student, under supervision. This approach involved the use of an intraoral scanner to capture a digital impression of the three implants and their surrounding mucosa, the opposing arch, and occlusion. The use of intraoral scanners and digital impressions illustrated an efficient and patient-friendly method of capturing the necessary data to fabricate a well-fitted prothesis. The aim of this case report is to examine a fully digital approach in the production of multiple single-unit implant crowns.
An Odd Presentation of Dysphagia Due to Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Ipalawatte Harendra , Ahl Ariel , Takher Jasprit , Gower Arian
Published: October 2024

Esophageal dysphagia is most commonly caused by motility disorders and intrinsic mechanical obstruction. However, extrinsic obstruction, such as pericardial effusion, is rare causes of dysphagia. We present an 89-year-old male with history of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome, and basal cell carcinoma presenting with generalized weakness, productive cough, shortness of breath, and dysphagia to both solids and liquids. A chest X-ray obtained showed cardiomegaly with suggested central vascular congestion and pulmonary edema. Further imaging with computed tomography (CT) abdomen and pelvis showed a moderate-to-large pericardial effusion. Patient later developed signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade, requiring urgent pericardiocentesis with removal of 1 L of sanguineous fluid. Up to today, only 6 cases of dysphagia due to pericardial effusion have been described. This case displays another rare case and highlights the importance of recognizing dysphagia as a critical symptom as well as non-gastrointestinal (GI) causes of dysphagia.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Surgical Treatment for Anterolateral Ankle Impingement Due to the Distal Fascicle of the Anterior Inferior Tibiofibular Ligament
Authors: Na Ho Dong , Woo In Ha , Cho Seung Jae , Park Chul Hyun
Published: October 2024

Background:

The pathomechanism of anterolateral ankle impingement (ALAI) due to the distal fascicle of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (DF-AITFL) has not been fully elucidated. In addition, because of its rarity, no definitive diagnostic criteria have been established for ALAI due to DF-AITFL.

Purpose:

To document the symptom characteristics and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and and arthroscopic findings as well as postoperative clinical outcomes of ALAI due to DF-AITFL.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Included were 12 patients (5 male and 7 female; mean age, 34.4 years [range, 21-76 years]) who were diagnosed with ALAI due to DF-AITFL and underwent excision of the DF-AITFL from November 2017 to August 2021. Symptom characteristics and symptom-related medical histories were evaluated, as were MRI and arthroscopic findings. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the visual analog scale for pain, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot functional scale, and Foot Function Index.

Results:

All 12 patients had a history of ankle sprain before symptom onset. DF-AITFL was confirmed by MRI in all patients. Bone edema of the talus was observed in 2 patients (16.7%), and cartilage abnormalities in 3 patients (25%). Arthroscopy showed that the DF-AITFL contacted the anterolateral aspect of the talar dome during range of motion in all patients and that the AITFL was bent where it contacted the anterolateral dome of the talus in 3 patients (25%). Partial tear or adhesion of the DF-AITFL was noted in 7 patients (58.3%), and cartilage deformation at the anterolateral talar dome in 4 patients (33.3%). Mean visual analog scale pain, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society, and Foot Function Index scores improved significantly from preoperatively to postoperatively.

Conclusion:

ALAI due to DF-AITFL should be considered a possible cause of anterolateral ankle pain after an ankle sprain. The diagnosis can be reliably made with a thorough clinical examination and imaging studies. Half of the patients in this series also had lateral ankle instability. Surgical resection of the DF-AITFL and ligament reconstruction, if necessary, resulted in significant symptom improvement.
Tea and Toast Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Durán Rebolledo Carlos E. , Sandoval-Calle Lina M. , Holguín Jaramillo Juan Felipe , Moncayo Libreros Paula Andrea , Useche-Henao Elena María
Published: October 2024

Hyponatremia, characterized by serum sodium <135 mEq/L, poses a significant health concern, particularly among the elderly. This case report explores chronic hyponatremia, with a focus on the Tea and Toast Syndrome, prevalent in individuals with atypical dietary habits. We present a 69-year-old female presenting with chronic hyponatremia, revealing dietary factors as key contributors. Thorough diagnostic workup ruled out common causes, emphasizing the importance of meticulous approaches. The patient’s adherence to recommended dietary changes resulted in significant improvement, showcasing the pivotal role of targeted nutritional interventions. Pathogenetic mechanisms, such as reduced water-excretory capacity and solute excretion, were explored, with differentiation between AVP-mediated and non-AVP-mediated hyponatremia highlighted. The case underscores the intricate interplay between dietary habits, aging, and chronic hyponatremia, emphasizing the need for adjusted interventions in this vulnerable population. Addressing the nutritional aspects of chronic hyponatremia emerges as a crucial aspect, offering an opportunity for targeted management and improved patient care, especially in the aging demographic.
Using Care Navigation to Improve Patient-Reported Outcomes Among Older Adult Patients: Preliminary Results From a Pilot Study
Authors: Coyne Paige , Susick Laura , Schultz Lonni , Santarossa Sara , Gough Philesha , Rice Shetoya , Brewster Nubia , Behrendt Rob , Bilicki Veronica
Published: October 2024

Navigating health and social care in the United States can be difficult for people of all ages, but older adults often have multiple health problems, chronic illnesses, and disabilities that can increase the complexities of their care. To assist older adult patients and/or their caregivers with coordinating care, and providing information, advocacy, and resources, Henry Ford Health (HFH) implemented a Senior Care Navigation Program (SCNP). Older HFH patients or their caregivers were referred to the SCNP either by a provider or another member of their care team. A senior navigator (SN) then reached out to the patient/caregiver by telephone to discuss the SCNP and their support/care needs. The SN scheduled follow-up calls as needed. Patients/caregivers enrolled in Phase 1 of this pilot program were given the option to join the evaluation group. These patients were interviewed by an independent research interviewer at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 9-month post initial contact to complete 5 patient-reported outcomes measures. Our Phase 1 pilot has demonstrated significant improvements in the EQ5D (health-related quality of life) and two patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) measures (depression and anxiety) suggesting that the SCNP program at HFH is having a positive impact on older adult patients’ health and well-being. In Phase 2, we will further evaluate the impact of the SCNP on healthcare utilization.
An example of the adaptation of the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) to a virtual format (vNGT) within healthcare research
Authors: Riley-Bennett Frances , Russell Lal , Fisher Rebecca
Published: October 2024

The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) has been used to establish clinical priorities and generate guidelines within healthcare since its creation over fifty years ago. It is characterised by its five distinct stages; introduction, silent idea generation, ‘round robin’, clarifications and rating or ranking. A key element traditionally has been the inclusion of face-to-face discussion, however in the context of COVID-19 innovations were required. This article provides a case study illustrating an adaptation of the NGT to a virtual format (vNGT) and outlines the processes involved in a virtual NGT (vNGT), using an illustrative study exploring the rehabilitation of stroke survivors. The vNGT offers opportunities for global collaborations without the constraints of geography or incurred costs. Future studies should evaluate it’s acceptability for stroke survivors to enable their participation within research.

Summary statement

1. This study provides a guide for the use of virtual nominal group technique (vNGT), using a freely available video-conferencing platform

2. vNGT increases opportunities for global collaborations whilst incurring minimal costs.

3. It remains unclear how feasible this procedure is with patient populations who have potentially less digital confidence and access.

This work was supported by NIHR ARC-East Midlands, Grant number NIHR200171.
Estimation of the prevalence of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis of meta-analyses
Authors: Amini-Rarani Mostafa , Azami-Aghdash Saber , Mousavi Isfahani Haleh , Mohseni Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Background

Pandemics such as COVID-19, can lead to psychiatric symptoms like anxiety. It seems that meta-analysis of meta-analysis studies can provide more comprehensive information regarding the needs for post-COVID-19 services. Therefore, this umbrella review and meta-analysis of meta-analyses aimed to estimate the precise prevalence of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for published meta-analyses using relevant keywords, such as Anxiety, Prevalence, COVID-19, and Meta-analysis up to November 1, 2023. Google Scholar, reference check, citation check, and grey literature were manually searched. A random-effect model was used for the analysis. All analyses were conducted using STATA: 17.

Results

Out of the 4263 records, Finally, 75 meta-analyses were included. The overall prevalence of anxiety was 30.4% [95% CI: 29–31.8] with a high heterogeneity (I2: 86.76%). The highest prevalence of anxiety according to population type was 41.3% in patients and then in students (30.8), pregnant women (30.6%), and health care workers (30.5%). The Result of meta-regression showed that “Time” (based on the time between the start of COVID-19 and the last search date in articles) was not a significant predictor of the prevalence of anxiety (R Coefficient = 0.000149, P = 0.61).

Conclusions

Considering the prevalence of anxiety among patients, students, pregnant women, and healthcare workers, special attention should be paid to these groups in case of the re-occurrence of COVID-19 or occurrence of other pandemics. As quarantine due to pandemics causes reduced social interactions, reduced income, and increased worry about severe illness and death, there is a need for large-scale mobilization of political measures.
Tobacco consumption behavior change during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with perceived COVID threat
Authors: Loui Hollyann F. , Li Joshua , Jackson Nicholas J. , Romero Ruby , Wisk Lauren E. , Buhr Russell G.
Published: October 2024

Rationale

Tobacco use is a risk factor for COVID-19 adverse outcomes. Despite health implications, data conflict regarding COVID-19 and tobacco consumption. We present results from a survey of health behaviors during the pandemic to identify how COVID-19 influenced tobacco behaviors.

Methods

A nationally administered, internet-based survey was deployed between May–September 2020. Of respondents, we analyzed participants who reported current smoking and/or vaping. Our primary outcome of interest was change in tobacco or vape use using measures from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, as well as whether participants reported that these changes were related to COVID-19. Our principal exposures were previously psychometrically evaluated measures of anxiety, depression, and novel perceived COVID-19 threat scale with additional adjustment for age. We employed multinomial logistic regression to determine associations between these factors and tobacco consumption.

Results

We identified 500 respondents who reported ever smoking in their lifetime, 150 of which reported currently smoking at the time of the survey. Of 220 participants who reported any use of vapes, 110 reported currently vaping. Increased perceived threat of COVID-19 was associated with both increased (aRRincrease 1.75, 95% CI [1.07–2.86], P = 0.03) and decreased (aRRdecrease 1.72 [1.04–2.85], P = 0.03) tobacco consumption relative to no change. There were no significant relationships found between perceived threat of COVID-19 and vaping behavior.

Conclusions

As perceived COVID-19 threat increased, people were more likely to increase or decrease their smoking as opposed to continue at the same amount of use, even after controlling for anxiety and depression, both of which are known to affect smoking in either direction. Further study into motivators of changing tobacco consumption behaviors, and how barriers to care from safer-at-home policies and changes in care delivery moderate change in tobacco use will aid planning tobacco reduction interventions during the ongoing and future respiratory viral pandemics.

Trial registration

This manuscript is derived from baseline survey data obtained in the “Understanding Community Considerations, Opinions, Values, Impacts, and Decisions in COVID-19” study. ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT04373135, registered 04/30/2020.
Common pitfalls in drug target Mendelian randomization and how to avoid them
Authors: Gill Dipender , Dib Marie-Joe , Cronjé Héléne T. , Karhunen Ville , Woolf Benjamin , Gagnon Eloi , Daghlas Iyas , Nyberg Michael , Drakeman Donald , Burgess Stephen
Published: October 2024

Background

Drug target Mendelian randomization describes the use of genetic variants as instrumental variables for studying the effects of pharmacological agents. The paradigm can be used to inform on all aspects of drug development and has become increasingly popular over the last decade, particularly given the time- and cost-efficiency with which it can be performed even before commencing clinical studies.

Main body

In this review, we describe the recent emergence of drug target Mendelian randomization, its common pitfalls, how best to address them, as well as potential future directions. Throughout, we offer advice based on our experiences on how to approach these types of studies, which we hope will be useful for both practitioners and those translating the findings from such work.

Conclusions

Drug target Mendelian randomization is nuanced and requires a combination of biological, statistical, genetic, epidemiological, clinical, and pharmaceutical expertise to be utilized to its full potential. Unfortunately, these skillsets are relatively infrequently combined in any given study.
Biofuel production: exploring renewable energy solutions for a greener future
Authors: El-Araby R.
Published: October 2024

Biofuel production has emerged as a leading contender in the quest for renewable energy solutions, offering a promising path toward a greener future. This comprehensive state-of-the-art review delves into the current landscape of biofuel production, exploring its potential as a viable alternative to conventional fossil fuels. This study extensively examines various feedstock options, encompassing diverse sources such as plants, algae, and agricultural waste, and investigates the technological advancements driving biofuel production processes. This review highlights the environmental benefits of biofuels, emphasizing their capacity to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to those of fossil fuels. Additionally, this study elucidates the role of biofuels in enhancing energy security by decreasing reliance on finite fossil fuel reserves, thereby mitigating vulnerabilities to geopolitical tensions and price fluctuations. The economic prospects associated with biofuel production are also elucidated, encompassing job creation, rural development, and the potential for additional revenue streams for farmers and landowners engaged in biofuel feedstock cultivation. While highlighting the promise of biofuels, the review also addresses the challenges and considerations surrounding their production. Potential issues such as land use competition, resource availability, and sustainability implications are critically evaluated. Responsible implementation, including proper land-use planning, resource management, and adherence to sustainability criteria, is emphasized as critical for the long-term viability of biofuel production. Moreover, the review underscores the importance of ongoing research and development efforts aimed at enhancing biofuel production efficiency, feedstock productivity, and conversion processes. Technological advancements hold the key to increasing biofuel yields, reducing production costs, and improving overall sustainability. This review uniquely synthesizes the latest advancements across the entire spectrum of biofuel production, from feedstock selection to end-use applications. It addresses critical research gaps by providing a comprehensive analysis of emerging technologies, sustainability metrics, and economic viability of various biofuel pathways. Unlike previous reviews, this work offers an integrated perspective on the interplay between technological innovation, environmental impact, and socio-economic factors in biofuel development, thereby providing a holistic framework for future research and policy directions in renewable energy.
Developmental trajectories in infants and pre-school children with Neurofibromatosis 1
Authors: Slevin Hannah , Kehinde Fiona , Begum-Ali Jannath , Ellis Ceri , Burkitt-Wright Emma , Green Jonathan , Johnson Mark H. , Pasco Greg , Charman Tony , Jones Emily J. H. , Garg Shruti ,   the EDEN-STAARS team, Agyapong Mary , Bazelmans Tessel , Dafner Leila , Ersoy Mutluhan , Gliga Teodora , Goodwin Amy , Haartsen Rianne , Halkola Hanna , Hendry Alexandra , Holman Rebecca , Kalwarowsky Sarah , Lloyd-Fox Sarah , Mason Luke , Narvekar Nisha , Pirazzoli Laura , Taylor Chloë , Vassallo Grace , Eelloo Judith , Evans D. Gareth , West Siobhan , Hupton Eileen , Robinson Louise , Lakhani Neeta , Wilson Brian , Osio Deborah , Shaw-Smith Charles , Canham Natalie , Sharif Saba
Published: October 2024

Background

Children with Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) show cognitive, behavioural and social differences compared to their peers. However, the age and sequence at which these differences begin to emerge is not fully understood. This prospective cohort study examines the cognitive, behavioural, ADHD trait and autism symptom development in infant and pre-school children with NF1 compared with typically developing (TD) children without a family history of neurodevelopmental conditions.

Methods

Data from standardised tests was gathered at 5, 10, 14, 24 and 36 months of age (NF1 n = 35, TD n = 29). Developmental trajectories of cognitive (Mullen Scales of Early Learning, MSEL) and adaptive behavioural (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, VABS) development from 5 to 36 months were analysed using linear mixed modelling. Measures of ADHD (Child Behavior Checklist) and autism traits (ADOS-2, BOSA-MV and ADI-R) were assessed at 24 and 36 months.

Results

The developmental trajectory of cognitive skills (all domains of the MSEL) and behavioural skills (four domains of the VABS) differed significantly between NF1 and TD groups. Post-hoc tests demonstrated that the NF1 participants scored significantly lower than TD participants at 24 months on all MSEL and VABS domains. The NF1 cohort demonstrated higher mean autism and ADHD traits at 24 months and 14% of the NF1 cohort met a research diagnostic classification for autism at 36 months.

Limitations

The study has a relatively small sample size due to variable retention and rolling recruitment. Due to limitations imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, we utilised the Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism for Minimally Verbal children (BOSA-MV) for some participants, which was administered online and may not gather as accurate a picture of traits as ADOS-2. The BOSA-MV was utilised for 41% of participants with NF1 at 36 months compared to 11% at 24 months. This may explain the reduction in the percentage of children with NF1 that met autism criteria at 36 months.

Conclusions

By 24 months of age, the NF1 cohort show lower cognitive skills and adaptive behaviour and higher levels of autism and ADHD traits as compared to TD children. This has implications for developmental monitoring and referral for early interventions.

Trial registration

Not applicable.
Reimagining Deintensification for Low-Risk Breast Cancer
Authors: Shah Chirag , Kruse Megan , Al-Hilli Zahraa
Published: October 2024

As outcomes for low-risk breast cancer continue to improve, research and clinical paradigms are increasingly focused on appropriate deintensification with the goal of improving the therapeutic ratio of breast cancer treatment. These deintensification approaches span across disciplines including breast surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic therapy. With regard to breast surgery, studies have continued to push deintensification when it comes to surgical margins with breast conservation, reducing re-excision rates, whereas deintensification of axillary surgery has reduced the rates of axillary lymph node dissection and increasingly the need for any axillary surgery, including sentinel lymph node biopsy for low-risk patients. With regard to radiation therapy, studies have allowed for a drastic reduction in treatment duration, whereas approaches that reduce the target of treatment have led to a change from from treatment daily for 5-7 weeks to many low-risk patients completing treatment in just five treatments. With regard to systemic therapy, use of genomic assays and tumor biology has led to reduced utilization of cytotoxic chemotherapy, with studies also allowing for dose reduction of endocrine therapy for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ. Moving forward, greater focus should be placed on interdisciplinary deintensification approaches such as the consideration of radiation therapy alone as compared with endocrine therapy alone for low-risk breast cancers.
Το φιλανθρωπικό έργο της Ιεράς Μητροπόλεως Θεσσαλονίκης επί αρχιερατείας Παντελεήμονος Α' Παπαγεωργίου (1951-1968)
Authors: Τσίγκος Αθανάσιος
Published: October 2024

Το φιλανθρωπικό έργο της Ιεράς Μητροπόλεως Θεσσαλονίκης επί αρχιερατείας Παντελεήμονος Α΄ Παπαγεωργίου την περίοδο 1951-1968 ήταν πολυδιάστατο και πολυσήμαντο. Η ένδεια, ο επισιτισμός, τα προβλήματα στέγασης και ιατρικής περιθάλψεως, η μόρφωση των νέων, η στήριξη ευπαθών ομάδων του πληθυσμού και η συνδρομή στη λειτουργία των ευαγών ιδρυμάτων της πόλεως ήταν μερικές πτυχές της φιλανθρωπικής στόχευσης του έργου και των δράσεων της Μητροπόλεως. Κύριος εκφραστής του φιλανθρωπικού έργου της ήταν ο μητροπολίτης Παντελεήμων Παπαγεωργίου. Έχοντας τη γνώση και τη σχετική εμπειρία ως μητροπολίτης Εδέσσης, φρόντισε σε σύντομο χρονικό διάστημα από την έλευσή του στη Θεσσαλονίκη να θέσει τις βάσεις του φιλανθρωπικού της έργου. Η πολυκύμαντη ιστορία της πόλεως της Θεσσαλονίκης από την ίδρυσή της μέχρι και τα μέσα του 20ου αιώνα μας διδάσκει ότι το πρόβλημα της αντιμετώπισης της ένδειας του λαού ήταν διαχρονικό, ανεξαρτήτως των καταστάσεων και των συνθηκών στην πόλη. Ιδιαίτερα την περίοδο που μελετάμε (1951-1968) η τοπική Εκκλησία της Θεσσαλονίκης με βάση το Καταστατικό του Γενικού Φιλοπτώχου Ταμείου που καταρτίστηκε, κατέστη ο κύριος εκφραστής της φιλανθρωπίας στην πόλη μέσα στα πλαίσια της χριστιανικής αντιλήψεως της ελεημοσύνης και της φιλανθρωπίας. Το σημαντικότερο στοιχείο όμως είναι ότι η ΙΜΘ συνεργάστηκε με ιδιώτες, φορείς, ιδρύματα και συλλόγους προκειμένου το φιλανθρωπικό της έργο να είναι πιο αποτελεσματικό. Εξίσου σημαντικό επίσης είναι ότι πολλές δράσεις φιλανθρωπίας πραγματοποιήθηκαν με πρωτοβουλία του μητροπολίτη Παντελεήμονος Α΄. Το πλούσιο αρχειακό υλικό μαρτυρεί το εύρος και τον οικουμενικό χαρακτήρα του φιλανθρωπικού έργου της τοπικής Εκκλησίας της Θεσσαλονίκης. Παράλληλα καταδεικνύει τις ποικίλες σχετικές ενέργειές του μητροπολίτη Θεσσαλονίκης Παντελεήμονος Παπαγεωργίου, του οποίου το ενδιαφέρον για τον πάσχοντα άνθρωπο ήταν διαρκές και αδιάπτωτο.
The genome sequence of the lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758
Authors: Lopez Colom Rosa , O’Brien Michelle F. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Larus fuscus (the lesser black-backed gull; Chordata; Aves; Charadriiformes; Laridae). The genome sequence has a total length of 1,324.30 megabases. Most of the assembly (90.38%) is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.75 kilobases in length.
Bankowość w Krakowie od połowy XIX do połowy XX w. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Broński Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the paper is to present an outline of selected issues related to the development of banking in Krakow from the mid-19th to the mid-20th centuries. The first period familiarizes the reader with the operation of the banking sector in Krakow in the Austrian partition. With the new management rules that resulted from the elimination of the feudal system and the transition towards a capitalist economy, the demand for loans increased in the second half of the 19th century. The partitioning authorities made no difficulties to those who wanted to establish banks. A growth in the number of banks in Krakow was noticeable primarily in the first decade of the 20th century, which resulted from the good economic situation in Europe and globally. The insufficient availability of domestic loans made it necessary to use the services of foreign banks. Viennese as well as Czech banks were attracted to Galicia by the potentially high profits. In the inter-war period, in independent Poland, Krakow was one of the most important domestic banking centres. The development of banking institutions was determined by the changing economic situation. The fall of the Polish state in 1939 opened a new chapter in the history of banking in Krakow. The German occupiers allowed restoring some of the pre-war loan institutions. The Nazi administration subjected the remaining Polish credit institutions to a strict control by the Banking Supervision Office. At the same time, Germans created their own credit institutions: branches of agencies of German banks. The German occupation of Krakow ended on 17 January 1945. It was necessary then to restore banks and adapt selected banking institutions to new needs. Private banks resumed their operations, only to be formally liquidated soon. In 1948, the banking reform decree became effective. It was aimed to adapt the Polish banking sector to the fulfilment of tasks assigned to it in the socialist economy.
Sektor filmowy w Krakowie. Szanse i wyzwania
Authors: Sanetra-Szeliga Joanna
Published: October 2024

The chapter poses the question: what is the current situation of the film industry in Krakow and what challenges and opportunities will it face in the near future? The analysis conducted in this text makes it possible to indirectly answer the question about the potential role that the film industry can play in the city’s development. The REGON database contains the entries of over 700 business entities in the film industry from Krakow. The largest number of them conduct production (85%), post-production (13%), distribution (1%) and screening (1%) operations. The number of entities in this industry is gradually increasing. The city also has 11 cinemas; 7 are studio cinemas and the others are multiplexes. Krakow is also known for its film festivals, including the oldest Polish festival, the Krakow Film Festival (organized since 1961). Each year the film industry hires graduates of the seven higher education institutions that offer studies in fields related to cinematography. The Polish cinematography is largely dependent on public support offered at the central level by the Polish Film Institute and at the local level in Krakow by the Film Commission. Film producers are required to spend 150% of the Commission’s financial contribution in the Małopolskie Province. Also, co-produced works should have links in their topics to (or at least be produced, even partly in) the region, so that they can have a positive impact on the local film industry. The film industry is currently facing significant changes resulting from the introduction of new technologies, the need for green transition, the changes in the consumption of film products (switching from cinemas to streaming platforms) and the centralization of production in Warsaw. Due to the socio-economic potential of the sector, the attention of the City of Krakow should turn to the appropriate cultural policy regarding that activity, which could create an attractive and competitive place for the production of film art.
Zachowania wyborcze mieszkańców Krakowa 1989-2024
Authors: Matyja Rafał
Published: October 2024

The text presents the unique characteristics of the electoral behaviour of Krakow’s residents compared to other large Polish cities, and the degree of its internal diversity – at the level of districts, neighbourhoods and housing estates. Presidential, parliamentary, local and regional elections at the city level held in 1990-2024 were analysed. Krakow is one of Poland’s cities with a clearly right-wing profile, a low level of support for anti-communist groups in the 1990s and a moderate liberal leaning after 2005. It also has a mayor with the longest tenure in office – of all the studied large cities – who built his position by competing against candidates of the two strongest political parties: the Civic Platform and Law and Justice. At the same time, he did not have his own club that would enjoy a majority in the Krakow City Council. The end of the twenty years of Jacek Majchrowski in the office of mayor started a period of new divisions in Krakow’s local government. Krakow is unique when it comes to its internal diversity. It is different from other large cities. The main factors contributing to this diversity is the different behaviour of the residents of the former villages incorporated into the city in the 20th century and of the majority of the electoral districts of Nowa Huta, especially the Mistrzejowice and Bieńczyce housing estates. In the latter, Law and Justice has obtained better results in the last two decades, with KPN, NSZZ Solidarność, and AWS being key players in earlier periods. What is interesting is the permanently higher level of support for liberal parties, and most recently also for the left-wing parties in the Krowodrza housing estate.
Effects of Soberizing Group Seminar on the Self-actualization among Alcoholic Inpatients
Authors: Lee Mi Hyoung , Yang Soo , Yu Sook Ja
Published: October 2024

This study was designed to examine the effects of a soberizing group seminar on the self—actualization among alcoholic inpatients. The soberizing group seminar (SGS) in this study intends to increase the level of self—actualization, and thus to encourage social adjustment after being discharged from a hospital. Forty inpatients under the diagnosis of alcoholics were selected from three private, mental hospitals between April and J une 1993. With an exception of one patient who was discharged after joining the SGS once, 23 corr또)rised the experimental group and the control group included 16 for parallel group design with pre—and post—test. The SGS was developed by modifying the human potential seminar for alcoholics. In each hospital, the SGS was applied 12 times during the 4 weeks of data collection to the experimental group only by a researcher and an assistant, who were trained for administering a group therapy. Self - actualization was measured by the Personal Orientation Inventory(POI) before and after holding each SGS, respectively.The data were analyzed by using paired t—test and Repeated Measures ANOVA. The results are following.1. The experimental group showed a significant increase after treatment in all the item scores of the POI such as Time - Competence /Time - Incompetence (Tc /Ti), Inner—directed /Other—directed Support Scaled /O), Self—Actualizing Value (SAV), Existentiality(Ex), Feeling Reactivity(Fr), Spontaneity(S), Self—Regard (Sr), Self—acceptance(Sa), Nature of Man—Constructive(Nc), and Capacity for Intimate Contact(C). On the contrary, the control group revealed no significant difference in the item scores of the POI between the two tests.2. With regard to the changes of the item scores of the POI, those scores for Tc /Ti, SAV, Ex, Sr, Sa, Nc and C were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group.The above findings indicate that the soberizing group seminar was effective in increasing the level of self - actualization among alcoholic inpatients.Hence, the seminar can be adopted as a nursing intervention at the recovery stage of alcoholic patients. The seminar, in particular, can be a channel for nurses to contact with those patients frequently, to improve personal relations with them, and to plan follow-up care after discharge.