bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Traumatic Stress in Mothers With Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shaw Richard J. , St John Nick , Lilo Emily A. , Jo Booil , Benitz William , Stevenson David K. , Horwitz Sarah M.
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE:

The current study evaluates a treatment intervention developed with the goal of reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety in parents of premature infants.

METHODS:

A total of 105 mothers of preterm infants (25–34 weeks’ gestational age; >600 g) were randomized to receive a 6-session intervention developed to target parental trauma as well as facilitate infant redefinition (n = 62) or to an active comparison group (n = 43). Mothers in the intervention group received a combination of trauma-focused treatments, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, progressive muscle relaxation, and development of their trauma narrative. The intervention also incorporated material targeting infant redefinition, defined as the process of changing the mother’s negative perceptions of her infant and the parenting experience.

RESULTS:

Mothers in the intervention group reported a greater reduction in both trauma symptoms (Cohen’s d = 0.41, P = .023) and depression (Cohen’s d = 0.59, P < .001) compared with the comparison group. Patients under both conditions improved significantly in terms of anxiety, with no differences between groups. Results of the moderator analysis showed that mothers with higher ratings of baseline NICU stress benefited more from the intervention compared with mothers who had lower ratings (P = .036).

CONCLUSIONS:

This short, highly manualized intervention for mothers of preterm infants statistically significantly reduced symptoms of trauma and depression. The intervention is feasible, can be delivered with fidelity, and has high ratings of maternal satisfaction. Given that improvements in mothers’ distress may lead to improved infant outcomes, this intervention has the potential for a high public health impact.
Impact of phosphorus fertilization and foliar application of trace elements on growth and yield of two wheat cultivars
Authors: Helmy A.
Published: September 2013

The interaction effects of phosphorus fertilization, applied at various rates and time intervals, with or without foliar spraying with citrine on the growth and macro- and micronutrient uptake of two new wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum cv. Sakha 94 and Gmiza 10) in a sandy soil were investigated under greenhouse conditions at the Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University. Superphosphate was used at different rates (0, 7.5 and 15 mg P kg−1 soil) and timing: before planting (BP); 1 month after planting (AP) and 50% BP + 50% AP. The results confirmed that phosphorus fertilization and foliar spraying with citrine significantly increased both the straw and grain yield and the nutrient uptake compared with the control. The interaction effect of phosphorus fertilization and foliar spraying with citrine significantly increased Zn and Mn uptake by the straw and grain yield, as well as P and Fe uptake by the straw yield. The addition of 7.5 mg P kg−1 soil (50% BP + 50% AP) gave the highest value of apparent P recovery (APR) when spraying with citrine. APR and P use efficiency (PUE) were markedly decreased at the higher P addition rate, with or without citrine. Treating wheat plants with 7.5 mg P kg−1 soil combined with citrine saved 59% of the P fertilizer, and thus reduced environmental pollution.
Dermatoses of pregnancy
Authors: Sziray Ágnes , Károlyi Zsuzsánna
Published: September 2013

Pregnancy is associated with hormonal, metabolic, immunologic, haemodynamic and vascular changes which produce physiological and pathological cutaneous manifestations. Most skin disorders during pregnancy represent physiological changes. The specific dermatoses of pregnancy are disease entities almost exclusively related to the pregnancy or the postpartum period. Some dermatoses characteristically improve or exacerbate during pregnancy. Dermatoses of pregnancy can potentially be a serious risk to the foetus. Although the foetal outcome is almost always favourable, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential. Use of any medication during pregnancy should be carefully considered, and as few medications as possible should be administered. In this review, the authors discuss the various dermatoses of pregnancy in detail, based on novel classification, aetiology and pathogenesis, diagnostic approach, disease course, prognosis, foetal risk and therapy. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1407–1416.
Special considerations of living liver donor transplantation
Authors: Szijártó Attila , Fujimoto Yasuhiro , Izumi Kirino , Shinji Uemoto
Published: September 2013

Introduction: Due to the limited number of cadaver donors, adult living liver donor transplantation became an alternative for liver transplantation. During living liver donor transplantation, the safety and uncomplicated recovery of the donor are as important as the appropriate volume and weight of the donated graft. The middle hepatic vein causes a significant dilemma, due to the special anatomical position. The reconstruction of the middle hepatic vein branches supplying S5, S8 is suggested when the anatomically right liver lobe is transplanted. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the requirements of the reconstruction of middle hepatic vein and to give an accurate description about the discrepancy between the portal vein in- and outflow. Method: The authors analyzed the liver anatomic characteristics of 130 donors undergoing living liver donor transplantation with the use of MeVis software. The so-called porto-hepatic disparity index (shift) was introduced. Results: The right hepatic vein was dominant in 64.6% of all cases, while the left hepatic vein was never observed to be dominant. The territories of V5 and V8 were responsible for the 33.2±8.9% of the right hepatic lobe area. The correlation between portal venous territory and vein dominancy were as follows: R2= 0.7811 in the left liver lobe; R² = 0.5463 in the area of middle hepatic vein and R² = 0.5843 in the case of the right hepatic vein. The average value of the shift was 28.2%. Conclusions: The differences among the pattern of portal in- and hepatic outflow is an important issue that should be taken into consideration when deciding the necessity for reconstruction of the middle hepatic vein. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1417–1425.
The impact of endometriosis on quality of life in Hungary
Authors: Bokor Attila , Koszorús Erszébet , Brodszky Valentin , D’Hooghe Thomas , Rigó János
Published: September 2013

Introduction: Endometriosis is one of the most common gynaecological diseases affecting 70 million women worldwide. Aim: The aims of this study were to determinate the diagnostic delay of endometriosis, to assess the effectiveness of surgical and combined therapy and to analyse the quality of life of women suffering from this disease. Method: Of the 240 patients with endometriosis enrolled in the study, 84 patients filled in a prospective as well as a retrospective questionnaire. Results: There was a 3.9 year delay from the onset of symptoms to the definitive diagnosis. Before therapy, 89% of the patients reported endometriosis related pain, while after therapy only 28% in the prospectively investigated months (p = 0.025). There was no significant difference between the outcome of surgical treatment alone and combined operative and medical therapy (p = 0.85). Reduced productivity at work was present in 47% of the patients and 40% of the patients reported impaired personal relationship, too. Endometriosis-associated symptoms generated 0.147 quality-adjusted life years per woman. Conclusions: This study is the first ever prospective survey to investigate the impact of endometriosis on the quality of life in Hungary. The results indicated a long diagnostic delay. Both surgical and combined therapies proved to be efficient. Endometriosis impaired health-related quality of life, but adequate therapy attenuated the severity of symptoms. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1426–1434.
Avaliação de parâmetros cardiovasculares, ventilatórios e hemogasométricos de coelhos anestesiados com isofluorano ou sevofluorano e submetidos à ventilação espontânea ou controlada a volume
Authors: Carneiro R.L. , Nunes N. , Lopes P.C.F. , Moro J.V. , Uscategui R.R. , Belmonte E.A. , Barbosa V.F. , Gering A.P. , Moraes V.J. , Martins Filho E.F. , Gomes Júnior D.C. , Costa Neto J.M.
Published: September 2013

Avaliaram-se as ventilações mecânica controlada a volume e espontânea, por meio das variáveis hemogasométricas, cardiovasculares e ventilométricas. Distribuíram-se 28 coelhos nos grupos: GIVC (isofluorano e ventilação controlada a volume), GIVE (isofluorano e ventilação espontânea), GSVC (sevofluorano e ventilação controlada a volume) e GSVE (sevofluorano e ventilação espontânea). Induziu-se por máscara, com isofluorano (GIVE e GIVC) ou sevofluorano (GSVE e GSVC) a 1,5 CAM, em oxigênio a 100%. Para manutenção anestésica, reajustou-se para 1 CAM. No GIVC e no GSVC, administrou-se rocurônio, na dose de 0,6mg/kg, seguida de infusão contínua na mesma dose de 0,6mg/kg/h. No GIVE e no GSVE, foi administrado NaCl 0,9% em vez de rocurônio. Iniciou-se a ventilação controlada ajustando-a de maneira a obter capnometria entre 35 e 45mmHg. Mensuraram-se os parâmetros 60 minutos após a indução anestésica (M0), 15 minutos após o bolus de rocurônio ou NaCl 0,9% (M15) e a cada 15 minutos (M30, M45 e M60). Evidenciou-se hipercapnia e acidose em GIVC, GSVC e GSVE. Concluiu-se que a ventilação mecânica controlada a volume não foi capaz de manter a normocapnia em coelhos, gerando acidose, principalmente quando se utilizou sevofluorano. O uso do isofluorano demonstrou maior estabilidade anestésica que o sevofluorano nesta.
Transitional carcinoma with extensive invasion of the bony orbit in a dog
Authors: Paiva S.C.C.S. , Werner J. , Montiani-Ferreira F. , Froes T.R. , Machado M. , Olbertz L. , Lima L. , Langohr I.
Published: September 2013

A 12-year-old male English Pointer was examined due to a soft-tissue swelling at the medial canthus of the right orbital region, which was causing facial deformity. The dog had epiphora, purulent nasal discharge, epistaxis, dyspnea, and progressive weight loss. An intraoral mass was observed near the right maxillary premolars. Neoplastic disease was diagnosed based on ancillary tests, which included blood work, skull and intraoral radiographs, ocular ultrasonography and computed tomography. Histopathology revealed transitional carcinoma involving the nasal and oral cavities, maxilla, bony orbit and retrobulbar space. Nasal tumors represent approximately 2% of all tumors diagnosed in this species. Transitional carcinoma is the second most common type of malignant epithelial tumor in the nasal sinuses. This case illustrates the extensive destruction of the soft and bony tissues of the face, including the bony orbit that this type of tumor can cause.
Efeito da temperatura de descongelação na integridade de espermatozoides criopreservados de cães
Authors: Moura C.S. , Nunes A.K.S. , Silva B.S. , Peixoto C.A. , Silva A.R. , Silva S.V. , Guerra M.M.P.
Published: September 2013

Avaliou-se a influência da temperatura de descongelação na integridade de espermatozoides criopreservados de cães. Foram utilizados reprodutores das raças Basset Hound (n=3) e Rottweiler (n=3), submetidos a colheitas de sêmen por manipulação peniana. As amostras de sêmen foram descongeladas a 37ºC/1min (G1) ou 70ºC/6s (G2) e avaliadas quanto à motilidade progressiva, vigor e integridade do acrossoma após 0, 30 e 60 minutos de incubação (37ºC), e ultraestrutura espermática imediatamente após a descongelação. Em todos os tempos de incubação, a motilidade progressiva dos espermatozoides descongelados a 70ºC por 6s (74,6%) foi mais alta (P<0,05) que a dos descongelados a 37ºC por 1min (64,6%). O vigor espermático não diferiu (P>0,05) entre os grupos, e o porcentual de gametas com acrossomas íntegros foi maior (P<0,05) nos espermatozoides do G1 do que no G2. Lesões ultraestruturais foram identificadas nos espermatozoides descongelados de ambos os grupos, em maior quantidade nos gametas do G2. Conclui-se que amostras congeladas de sêmen de cães devam ser descongeladas a 37ºC por 1min.
Estudo anatomorfológico, radiográfico e tomográfico de Schistosomus reflexus em ovino da raça Dorper: relato de caso
Authors: Ferreira D.O.L. , Santarosa B.P. , Monteiro-Toma C.D. , Belotta A.F. , Chiacchio S.B. , Machado V.M.V. , Gonçalves R.C. , Prestes N.C.
Published: September 2013

O Schistosomus reflexus (SR) é uma anomalia congênita fatal e rara, primariamente observada em ruminantes, a qual apresenta feto com dorsoflexão da coluna vertebral, exposição das vísceras abdominais e torácicas e escoliose. Foi realizada uma cesariana de ovelha da raça Dorper, em propriedade da região de Botucatu-SP. Pelas características gerais e achados de necropsia, tratava-se de um caso de SR. A radiografia revelou acentuado desvio ventrodorsal do segmento da coluna vertebral toracolombar e deformidades das costelas. Na tomografia computadorizada, observou-se presença da integridade dos ossos e órgãos, exceto ausência de uma vértebra lombar. Não havia dados na literatura de diagnóstico por imagem de SR em ovinos, portanto procedeu-se, de forma inédita, a exames radiográfico e tomográfico do feto.
Suplementação de aminoácidos para redução da proteína bruta em dietas para leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade
Authors: Girôtto Júnior C.J. , Brustolini P.C. , Silva F.C.O. , Donzele J.L. , Ferreira A.S. , Nalon P.M. , Campos P.F. , Moutinho J.V.
Published: September 2013

Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação de aminoácidos industriais para redução de proteína bruta (PB) em dietas para leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade sobre o desempenho e sobre as variáveis morfofisiológicas, utilizando-se 126 leitões com peso inicial de 6,05±0,35kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos (24,0; 23,0; 22,0; 21,0; 20,0; 19,0% de PB), sete repetições e três animais por unidade experimental. Não houve efeito significativo da redução de proteína bruta da dieta sobre o ganho de peso médio diário, o consumo de ração diário e a conversão alimentar, e o pH do estômago também não sofreu influência, mas houve diminuição do pH do duodeno. Os pesos relativos do baço e do fígado, a altura de vilosidades e a profundidade de criptas no duodeno, jejuno e íleo não foram influenciados, enquanto o peso do pâncreas diminuiu com a redução da proteína bruta da dieta.
Person centered psychotherapy: an encounter with oneself or a confrontation with the other?
Authors: Vieira Emanuel Meireles , Pinheiro Francisco Pablo Huascar Aragão
Published: September 2013

The paper discusses the possibilities of host of alterity in the therapeutic process of the Person Centered Approach. The debate is based on the ethics of Emmanuel Levinas, for whom subjectivity would be formed from the relationship with the absolute other. The therapeutic change process that aims to further integrate the experience by the self is questioned. On the other hand, from a reading of a Rogerian clinical case, it is pointed out the externality of experience as an estrangement that allows one to recreate themselves. This research shows the interiority eroded by the organism that arises as other-of-self, sieve for the experience. It is conclude that the person-centered psychotherapy, beyond an encounter with oneself, seems to point as one of its purposes the clash with the radically different. Such discussion alludes to a political repositioning of the Person Centered Approach in its ways to deal with the difference.
Estudo epidemiologico dos coletores de lixo seletivo
Authors: Miglioransa Marcelo Haertel , Rosa Letícia Cunha da , Perin Christiano , Ramos Gabriel Zatti , Fossati Gilberto Ferreira , Stein Airton
Published: September 2013

O artigo aborda epidemiologicamente o perfil dos coletores de lixo seletivo e descreve as lesões musculares e acidentes de trabalho mais freqüentes. Este estudo transversal foi desenvolvido com duas empresas (denominadas como empresa A e empresa B), em Porto Alegre, selecionando-se 50 funcionários aleatoriamente (presentes e aptos nos dias das entrevistas para a pesquisa) e aos quais foi aplicado um questionário. A Média de idade da amostra foi de 34 e 22 anos para a empresa A e B, respectivamente. Cerca de 66% dos funcionários da empresa B trabalham a menos de 5 anos na companhia, ao passo que 95% dos funcionários da empresa A trabalham há mais de 5 anos. O índice de lesões entre as duas empresas é alta 90% e 46,6% para empresas A e B, respectivamente. Lesões são mais comuns nos membros inferiores, seguidas pelas lesões dos membros superiores e da coluna. Ambas as empresas apresentavam deficiência do uso de equipamentos de proteção, sendo estes praticamente ignorados pelos funcionários, embora de uso obrigatório. As avaliações médicas são realizadas esporadicamente, sem acompanhamento regular. Ambas as empresas apresentam altos índices de leões em geral, sendo as lesões de membros inferiores mais comuns. Também são altos os índices de cortes e outros pequenos ferimentos, provavelmente pelo não uso de equipamentos de proteção obrigatórios.
Trabalho e acidentes no meio rural do Oeste Catarinense - Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Marques Sandra Márcia Tietz , Silva Glades Pinheiro da
Published: September 2013

Este estudo objetivou verificar a ocorrência de acidentes e características do trabalhador rural do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram utilizados 60 questionários padronizados, com dados sociodemográficos, de trabalho e acidente laboral. Predominam os chefes de família (60%), com idade entre 41 e 60 anos e os casados (68,3%), com escolaridade média entre 4 a 8 anos, sendo 97% de famílias proprietárias, com área rural acima de 8 hectares representando 83,3%. A jornada semanal de trabalho de 80% dos trabalhadores rurais ultrapassa 40 horas semanais, com 20% de ocorrência de acidentes. Os dados revelam a diversidade de atividades e de riscos ocupacionais e alertam para a urgência na abordagem da vigilância em saúde pública, onde os acidentes de trabalho no meio rural estão a merecer atenção nas políticas sociais brasileiras, além de não participarem das estatísticas oficiais do país.
Avaliação do desenvolvimento cognitivo e afetivo-social de crianças com perda auditiva
Authors: Tabaquim Maria de Lourdes M. , Nardi Camila G.A. , Ferrari Juliana B. , Moretti Cibelle N. , Yamada Midori O. , Bevilacqua Maria Cecília
Published: September 2013

OBEJTIVO: avaliar o nível de desenvolvimento cognitivo e afetivo-social de crianças com diagnóstico de deficiência auditiva. MÉTODO: participaram do estudo 50 crianças com diagnóstico de deficiência auditiva, com idade média de 16,1 meses, de ambos os gêneros. Empregou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada com os pais para a obtenção da história de vida da criança, a Escala de Desenvolvimento Comportamental e a Escala de Avaliação da Reação de Retração do Bebê. RESULTADO: o estudo identificou 80% das crianças com perda auditiva profunda bilateral. O Quociente de Desenvolvimento na normalidade ocorreu em 76% da amostra, sendo as funções da linguagem e pessoal-social, as mais prejudicadas. Os níveis de ajustamento afetivo e interacional foram caracterizados pelas reações de alarme para problemas de interação pessoal-social. CONCLUSÃO: as competências defasadas de habilidades verbais e não-verbais mostraram implicações no desenvolvimento cognitivo, sugestivas da condição da criança com perda auditiva e dos fatores de risco associados, com limitação circunstancial a trocas comunicativas que promovem o desenvolvimento de competências adaptativas e o fortalecimento da auto-estima para as relações.
Anterior Crossbite, Dental Arch Dimensions, and Later Need for Orthognathic Surgery in 6-Year-Old Children with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Heliövaara Arja , Leikola Junnu , Rautio Jorma
Published: September 2013

Objective

Six-year-old children with unilateral cleft lip and palate were examined to compare the prevalence of anterior crossbite and dental arch dimensions of those who later needed orthognathic surgery with the prevalence of those who did not.

Design

Retrospective longitudinal study.

Patients

A total of 68 consecutive nonsyndromic patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (44 boys, 24 girls).

Main Outcome Measures

Children with unilateral cleft lip and palate whose palates had been closed in one stage by the Veau-Wardill-Kilner or Cronin-Brauer V-Y pushback techniques were analyzed from dental casts taken at a mean age of 6.1 years (range, 5.7 to 6.8 years) before orthodontic treatment or bone grafting. The need for orthognathic surgery in these patients was determined from hospital records at the mean age of 18.2 years (range, 15.6 to 20.2 years). Student's t test and chi-square test were used in statistical analyses.

Results

The prevalence of anterior crossbite was 62% (one or both central incisors in full crossbite). The prevalence was higher (75% versus 53%) in children later needing orthognathic surgery (28 of 68, 41%), but the difference was not significant. Nor were there significant differences in dental arch measurements between children who later needed osteotomies and those who did not or between the two modifications of the primary palatal pushback operations.

Conclusions

The prevalence of anterior crossbite and the dental arch dimensions did not differ between 6-year-old children with unilateral cleft lip and palate who later needed orthognathic surgery and those who did not.
Cervical Spine Abnormalities in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Hamidi Moska , Nabi Shahin , Husein Murad , Mohamed Mohamed Elfrajni , Tay Keng Yeow , McKillop Scott
Published: September 2013

Objective

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is among the most common head-and-neck–related syndromes. The literature has examined many of the phenotypic features of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome; however, few studies have explored the manifestation of cervical spine abnormalities. In this study, we compared the cervical spines of individuals with and without 22q11.2 deletion syndrome using diagnostic imaging.

Design

A retrospective case-control study, with age- and sex-matched control participants who underwent flexion/extension x-rays and either a computed tomography or MRI scan.

Setting

Participants presented to the velopharyngeal insufficiency clinic at Victoria Hospital in London, Ontario, Canada, a tertiary care center.

Participants

Sixteen pediatric patients (age 18 at presentation) who had genetically confirmed 22q11.2 deletion syndrome were age- and sex-matched to 16 patients who presented with head and neck trauma without radiographic evidence of injury to the cervical spine. The mean age was 11.7 years (range, 2 to 21 years).

Main Outcome Measure

Radiographic evidence of cervical spine abnormalities ± evidence of instability.

Results

Patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome were significantly more likely to have an open posterior arch of C1 ( P < .0001), anterior arch cleft of C1 ( P < .0001), and platybasia ( P = .001). There was also a positive trend for fusion of the C2–C3 vertebrae ( P = .051).

Conclusion

Significant differences in radiographic cervical spine measurements were found between 22q11.2 deletion syndrome patients and controls. Cervical spine abnormalities are common phenotypic features of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, but the clinical consequences are poorly understood. Further investigation is necessary to understand the possible ramifications of these abnormalities, including precautions during medically necessary interventions, and lifestyle limitations for these individuals.
Evaluation of Bone Volume after Secondary Bone Grafting in Unilateral Alveolar Cleft Using Computer-Aided Engineering
Authors: Nagashima Hayato , Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Ogata Hisao , Miyamoto Junpei , Yazawa Masaki , Kishi Kazuo
Published: September 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial defect and the outcome of bone grafts for unilateral alveolar cleft. To determine the absorption of the bone graft in patients with unilateral cleft, computer-aided engineering (CAE) with multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) was used. MDCT scans of 29 patients were taken immediately preoperatively and at 1 month and 6 months postoperatively. The patients underwent bone grafting between 8 and 14 years of age using iliac crest bone grafts. Three-dimensional models were created in each period, and the defect at the alveolar cleft and volume of the bone graft were determined in each patient using CAE. Cleft volume and success of alveolar bone grafting were significantly correlated ( P < .01). Alveolar clefts with cleft palate required more bone volume than those without cleft palate ( P < .01), but the resorption rate did not significantly differ between alveolar clefts with and without cleft palate (0.48 ± 0.14 and 0.49 ± 0.18, respectively; P =.93). In conclusion, three-dimensional reconstruction of bone grafts using CAE based on MDCT provides a valuable objective assessment of graft volume.
Anti-Vibration Sub Allows High Signal-To-Noise Ratio and Improved Borehole Quality
Authors: Bates P. C. , Bouziane C. , Nicholl D. , Teelken R. , Bin Bidi M. Z. , Schlichting F. , Benzamouche A.
Published: September 2013

In 2010, the anti-vibration stabilizer was introduced as part of the drill string assembly to replace the traditional near bit stabilizer in Algeria. The tool acts like a stabilizer and centralizer while not generating the point loaded blade friction associated with traditional stabilizers. With 100% borehole contact, this tool has improved hole quality and reduced drilling vibrations in many applications.

There are three important vibrational phenomena that can affect drilling performance. Torsional relaxation oscillations induced by non-linear frictional torques between the drill-bit at the rock surface result in the phenomina known as torsional stick-slip. Axial vibrations induce the drill-bit to intermittently lose contact with the rock surface, which is known as bit-bounce. Lateral vibrations are the most destructive mode of vibration and create large shocks downhole by causing the Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) components to impact the wellbore wall.

The anti-vibration sub is a tool designed to ensure efficient drilling by mitigating lateral vibrations as part of the required energy management. The effectiveness of the sub has been proven through the analysis of downhole data and Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE) comparisons. The anti-vibration sub enables a very high signal-to-noise ratio for MWD (Measurement While Drilling) tools, improves bit performance and borehole quality, reduces the cost per meter for drilling and the non-productive time required for conditioning the hole prior to setting casing. An analysis of the data and field results clearly demonstrates the value of this tool. The anti-vibration stabilizer has been successfully utilized in several applications and is currently standard equipment for most vertical well rotary BHAs in Algeria.
Improving Hydraulic Fracture Geometry Characterization: Integrating Advanced Acoustic Measurement and Geomechanics with Hydraulic Fracturing Field Data
Authors: Van Steene Marie , Povstyanova Magdalena , Semary Mahmoud , Mathur Anil , Ali Aziza , Edelman Jeff , Maghrabia Karim
Published: September 2013

The Nukhul reservoirs of Egypt’s Eastern Desert typically have low porosity, low permeability, and relatively heavy oil. Hence, hydraulic fracturing is key to enhancing reservoir producibility, and an understanding of fracture geometry is important to determine reservoir drainage.

To measure hydraulic fracture height at the wellbore, shear wave anisotropy data were acquired in casing with an advanced acoustic tool. Hydraulic fracturing post-job pressure matching also provided estimates of fracture geometry. Shear wave anisotropy data confirmed that the Thebes and Rudeis formations acted as fracture barriers and confirmed the fracture confinement in the Nukhul formation, which was the fracturing job objective.

Although, overall, the post-fracturing shear wave anisotropy measurement and the post-job pressure matching delivered similar results for fracture height at the borehole, the shear wave anisotropy data showed uneven levels of anisotropy across the fractured reservoir interval, indicating that the fracture might not have as simple a geometrical shape as was modeled by the post-fracturing analysis.

Based on wireline data, a newly constructed and calibrated mechanical earth model obtained detailed rock elastic properties and stress profiles. These geomechanical properties defined 26 zones across the reservoir (instead of the initial 6) and were input into the fracturing modeling software.

Fracture geometry obtained through this enhanced modeling closely matched the shear wave anisotropy results—the modeled fracture width corresponded to the variations of shear wave anisotropy observed across the fracture height. The fracture was narrower in the upper part of the reservoir and wider in the lower part, with a half-length of 300 ft in the lower part and almost 400 ft in the upper part.

In this case study, we demonstrate how full use of available data, application of the latest acoustic technology, and integration of multiple disciplines (acoustics, geomechanics, stimulation) can lead to better fracture geometry description and achievement of greater accuracy in reservoir description.
Bundle Technology for the Future
Authors: Goodlad Martin
Published: September 2013

Subsea7 have designed, fabricated, and installed Bundles (towed pipeline production systems) for over 33 years, with 69 installed to date.

Over the previous 3 decades operators choice of Bundles as a field development option has been steady but intermittent. However over recent years Bundles have been embraced by field developers as a technically and commercially attractive solution to allow difficult fields to be developed, they are now being proposed by operators and design houses at concept selection phase.

Subsea7 is currently experiencing the busiest period of Bundle design/installation activity ever; a record 8 bundles installed during 2011/2012 and further 8 confirmed installations by the Q2 of 2015. A number of the installed or currently in-design Bundles are firsts for Subsea7.

The paper will discuss the benefits of Bundle technology for rejuvenating and extending existing facilities or new developments. A number of case studies to demonstrate the technical and commercial advantages will be discussed; Apache Bacchus – Active Heating of Production Fluid using produced water,BP Andrew – Longest tie-back utilising Bundles, 4 bundles connected in series totalling 27.8km,COP Jasmine – Highest Temperature Bundle 155°C (to PD8010),Total West Franklin – Highest Design Temperature 160°C (to DNV) & Largest Diameter Carrier Pipe,BG Knarr – Deepest Water Depth 410m, and integrated flow assurance design,Shell FRAM – First Bundle with two midline structures.

The technical benefits driving the increased interest in Bundle Technology for field development will be discussed; Highly efficient insulation systems, heated bundles utilising Hot-Water or Electrical Trace-Heating,Design/construction method allows full system integration testing onshore allowing fast hook up and commissioning offshore, low stress installation method by CDTM (Controlled Depth Tow Method) minimizes stress and fatigue on internal flowlines,Design of bundle cross-section/system allows expansion at both ends, reducing build-up of axial forces, reducing the need for intermediate expansion spools, and allowing efficient design for HP/HT field developments,Eliminate requirement for specialised installation vessels (Reel-lay, S-Lay, J-Lay, and Heavy Lift) by utilising readily available vessels, and incorporating subsea structures within the towed Bundle System.
Deep Sea Installation with Fibre Rope Technology – a New Concept in Winches for the Best Performance and Durability of Rope
Authors: de Boer T. B. , Braadbaart J. , Nieuwenkamp J. O.
Published: September 2013

The ability to efficiently install subsea modules in increasing water depths is a major condition for the cost-effective development of deep-water oil and gas reserves. The weight of a steel hoisting wire exponentially increases with the working depth and is a significant cost driver for water depths beyond 2,000 metres. The obvious solution is to utilise other types of cable that are not as heavy. Using fibre rope as an alternative to steel wire for deep-water operations is attractive, because its weight is close to being neutrally buoyant. However, the challenges involved with the handling of fibre rope have limited the availability of commercial systems and the application of fibre ropes in offshore installation operations is still not common practice.

Fibre rope is sensitive to internal and external wear, and to the high temperature caused by friction as a result of the rope slipping and bending. Consequently, winch systems designed for steel rope cause the rapid wear of fibre rope. On the other hand, existing systems for the handling of fibre rope are relatively slow, work discontinuously and/or require a complex design and intricate control systems. Developing a new type of fibre-rope handling system – without these drawbacks – requires a knowledge of fibre-rope behaviour and insight into rope-handling system interaction.

In 2010, a joint-industry project was set up to model fibre rope in a finite element study, which simulated the behaviour of the rope during interaction with the handling system. For a comparison between different ropes and handling system concepts, heat generation, dissipation and abrasion are considered as consequences of energy dissipation in this model. A new fibre-rope handling system was developed by selecting the concept with the lowest dissipated energy and optimising the design towards increasing the rope’s lifetime and cost effectiveness.

This project resulted in the design, manufacturing and testing of a 50mT-prototype winch. Factory acceptance tests (FATs) have demonstrated the functional performance. In the second half of 2013, the prototype will be installed on board an offshore construction vessel for further tests at sea.
Novel Survey Method Using a Rotary Steerable System Significantly Improves the Dynamic Inclination and Azimuth Measurement
Authors: Lowdon Ross , Sugiura Junichi , Bowler Adam
Published: September 2013

When kicking off at low inclination, static measurement-while-drilling (MWD) surveys are used to confirm the kickoff direction when free of magnetic interference from offset wells. However, as MWD continuous azimuth and inclination measurements have limited accuracy, the directional driller will not have confidence in the kickoff direction with continuous (dynamic) survey while drilling, thus requiring additional static surveys to be made, taking up precious rig time.

In a novel continuous survey method used in a particular rotary steerable system (RSS), a six-axis survey was taken continuously, both while drilling and when static, with the survey sensors being housed in the RSS. This algorithm was first verified in a software simulator, and it was subsequently implemented and tested in hardware. The effectiveness of the new measurement method was field tested and compared against MWD static survey points. The field test result from multiple wells shows that the new near-bit continuous azimuth and inclination from the RSS is considerably more accurate than that of the axial MWD continuous measurements at very low inclinations of between 1 and 5 degrees.

This unique measurement method has valuable applications, such as low-angle kickoff without using multiple static surveys as the directional driller can use the real-time continuous azimuth and/or toolface to accurately steer the well through crowded offshore platform environments. When drilling out of the shoe, this survey method will allow an accurate kickoff approximately 50 ft earlier than would normally be expected as magnetic interference is cleared, and thus saving the precious rig time needed to kick off. Additionally, the use of a continuous gravity toolface is possible without the need for static surveys, allowing accurate low-side sidetracks to be performed even in areas of high magnetic interference.
Understanding of Fire Induced Progressive Collapse of Offshore Structures as a Tool for Reducing the PFP Requirements
Authors: Munoz-Garcia Enrique
Published: September 2013

Passive fire protection (PFP) has been used in the Oil & Gas industry for many years as a method to avoid/delay global collapse of offshore installations. However location of PFP has normally been based on simplistic assumptions, standards, guidance and methods that do not always consider the real response of the structure to fire. The resulting PFP schemes can be conservative leading to unnecessary cost to the Operator in terms of application and maintenance costs. More importantly, there is the potential for the PFP scheme to be insufficient for the actual fire hazards which will increase the level of risk for the personnel on board.

Fire induced progressive collapse is a function of the level of redundancy of a structure, it is for this reason that redundancy analyses have sometimes been used as a simplistic method to calculate the level of PFP required. However this method does not take into account the size of the fire threat against which the PFP is designed and could lead to less than conservative results as it only considers removing one member of the structure at a time, without considering reduction in the strength of the surrounding members as they are also being heated by the fire.

Performance based fire collapse analysis provides an understanding of the response of the individual members as well as the entire structural system to fire. Understanding the failure mechanisms, susceptibility to progressive collapse of the structure, and key members that must remain in place during an accident situation allows for the optimisation of the PFP scheme, protecting only the required members while allowing for local failure of redundant members.

The present paper provides a comparison between the different methods, and provides case studies that have resulted in optimum PFP schemes linked to design fires based on acceptable risk levels.
Reservoir Management: Preparing for Field Redevelopment and Restart
Authors: Rees Hugh , Parke Jeff
Published: September 2013

The Schiehallion and Loyal oil fields located in Quad 204, and neighbouring Foinaven, all west of the Shetland Isles, are the first group of North Sea deep-water fields to be developed and together form a huge subsea development. As part of the Quad204 Project Schiehallion and Loyal are being re-developed to extend field life and this requires infill drilling, replacement of some subsea infrastructure and replacement of the Floating Production, Storage and Offloading vessel (FPSO) to service the extended scope. The reservoirs will remain shut-in for a period of up to three years whilst the FPSO Schiehallion is disconnected, the site is prepared and the new FPSO is hooked-up.

There are fifty-two wells (25 producers and 27 injectors) and this is the first time that bp has shut-in a field for so long at such scale. Many wells access mature, water-flooded, multi-layer reservoirs which have been flowing for 15 years. The infill drilling programme will be providing additional well-stock and production for the new FPSO but the majority of the rate at restart will be supplied by the existing wells so it is essential that the fields are prepared carefully and left in a healthy and predictable state for the shut-in and subsequent restart.

Fifteen years of production has created differential oil depletion both areally and vertically between layers. Factors to be considered include: minimising hydrogen sulphide development in the reservoir, maintaining the Christmas trees that reside within the hydrate-forming envelope, existing well issues and corrosion treatments for preservation. The shut-in of the fields is complicated by the requirement for continued low-levels of production for the purposes of cleaning the FPSO cargo tanks – and continued injection support whilst cleaning.

This paper discusses the preparation and planning for the reservoir activities and the coordination of reservoir management with facilities requirements during the shut-in of the wells.
Following The Safe Evacuation of All Offshore Personnel…the Environmental Response Takes Primacy: Learning From The Elgin G4 Well Major Incident
Authors: Dale Michael , Keown Rachel , Wilson Gordon
Published: September 2013

The learning from incidents and subsequent improvements made for the protection of people and integrity of offshore installations over the last 25 years has no doubt saved numerous lives. Places of refuge, blast protection, rapid isolation processes, offshore survival training and improved evacuation systems have all proved themselves in the prevention of harm either in actual or potential major accidents offshore.

Today, when emergency situations arise offshore we consistently witness immediate and efficient activation of tested incident response processes to ensure the safety of personnel through rapid shut down and evacuation.

But what about after all personnel offshore are ‘safe’?

When the safety of personnel is addressed during a serious ongoing release of oil and gas, operators can be faced with a longer-term, large-scale environmental response. What can we learn from previous incidents to respond effectively to incidents that potentially threaten the environment?

It is well known that environmental impacts from the oil & gas industry readily capture public interest, with environmental images remaining at the forefront of media and public attention for many months.

This paper examines the environmental response to the G4 well control incident which commenced on 25th March 2012 at the Elgin installation well head platform in the Central North Sea. This is one of the largest North Sea gas/condensate releases in recent history and continued for 51 days until the leak was stopped on 15 May 2012.

In the first 24 hours of the incident, all 238 personnel on board the Elgin platform and Rowan Viking jack-up drilling rig which was working over the Elgin well head platform were safely evacuated without any injury. Within the first 24 hours also, TOTAL’s Environment group was activated to implement immediate actions to address and monitor the significant ongoing condensate spill to sea.

The presentation of this paper will discuss: Spill combat options mobilisedConcurrent implementation of both medium and long-term response strategiesEnvironmental monitoring approaches and resultsStakeholder interactions (including the regulator, media and other interested parties)Learning and recommendations to industry
10 Years Experience of North Sea FPSO Moorings Repair, Renewal and Life Extension Work
Authors: Brown Martin G.
Published: September 2013

This paper summarises 10 years of experience gained during the repair/renewal/life extension of several North Sea FPSO mooring systems. This includes reference to Phases 1 and 2 of GL Noble Denton’s Mooring Integrity Joint Industry Project (JIP) plus recent North Sea mooring system repair and replacement operations. Issues encountered and typical mooring degradation mechanisms are reviewed making reference to the age of the components. The paper discusses how issues have been addressed in practice taking into account the risk of failure, offshore conditions and equipment availability.

Brief descriptions are included of the various mooring intervention campaigns including actual offshore schedules, selected vessels, required additional equipment and ROV spreads. Positive and negative lessons learnt during the intervention campaigns are included. The importance of allowing sufficient time for planning and preparation of the intervention campaigns is stressed.
A Guide to Better Wells: Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment Of Historical, Current And Future Best Practice in Drilling
Authors: Pettersen Johan Berg , Hung Christine , Solli Christian , Steeneveldt Rosetta , Kerr Scott , Aas Nina
Published: September 2013

The general focus in environmental evaluation of offshore drilling is the discharge of cuttings and chemicals to local marine environment, in some cases including emissions to air from offshore turbines and engines. However, significant impacts occur as a result of processes upstream and downstream from drilling operations, in the manufacture of chemicals and materials, in supply and transport operations, and in treatment of drilling wastes.

Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is the structuring, aggregation and evaluation of environmental impacts in a cradle-to-grave scope. We present an LCA model developed through a series of case studies for offshore drilling operations. Model components include a fleet of drilling rigs and supply vessels, a library of drilling fluids and chemical products, various cuttings treatment technologies, top-hole abatement techniques and well operations.

The LCA model is used to evaluate technologies in historical, current and future best practice for offshore drilling. One measure under evaluation for the future is the development of smaller, fit-for-purpose vessels (Cat B), which are shown to potentially reduce emissions from the drilling vessel itself by 50 %.

Slim-hole drilling is another technology with several potential benefits, including time savings, reductions in steel and concrete in installing and cementing casings, less drilling fluid required, and less cuttings waste logistics and treatment. In all, these provide 30-50 % reduction when compared with conventional well designs, in greenhouse gas emissions and other air emissions, and in harmful releases from manufacture of materials and chemicals and treatment of wastes.

Relevant for operations outside European waters, the LCA shows that production and waste treatment of drilling fluid may pose a significant source for impacts unless fluids are managed properly by reuse of drilling fluid and recycling of oil from cuttings waste. These measures provide a reduction of 30 % of the total environmental footprint, illustrating the benefits from current best practice.