bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward fault tolerant modelling for SCADA based electricity distribution networks, machine learning approach
Authors: Masri Aladdin , Al-Jabi Muhannad
Published: May 2021

Maintaining electrical energy is a crucial issue, especially in developing countries with very limited possibilities and recourses. However, the increasing reliance on electrical appliances generates many challenges for operators to fix any fault optimally within minimum time. Even with numerous researches conducted in this area, very few were interested in minimizing the fault duration, especially in the developing countries with very limited resources. Since decision-making requires enough information within minimum time, the integration of information technology with the existing electrical grids is the most appropriate. In this paper, we propose precise and accurate load redistribution estimation models. While several modeling techniques exist, the proposed modeling techniques in this work are based on machine learning models: multiple linear regression, nonlinear regression, and classifier neural network models. The novelty of this work is it introduces a fault-tolerant approach that relies on machine learning and supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA). The purpose of this approach is to help electricity distribution companies to maintain power for the customers and to shorten the fault duration from many hours to the minimum possible time. The work was performed based on real data of smart grids split into zones of about 20 transformers. The models’ input data collected from the sensors allocated in the power grid, make the grid becomes able to redistribute the loads by sufficient strategies. To test and validate the models, two powerful modeling tools were used: MATLAB and Anaconda–Python. The results showed an accuracy of about 97% with a standard deviation of 2.3%. The load redistribution was also presented in details. With such eager results, they approve the validity of our model in minimizing the fault duration, by helping the system in taking ideal actions within the optimal time.
Prospects and Challenges of Telemedicine at the Primary Health Care Level: A Basis for Certification of Providers in Ghana
Authors: Antwi James , Opoku-Mensah Daniel
Published: May 2021

Background: Telemedicine has proven to be one of the modern medical discoveries in recent times, serving as a technological tool to deliver healthcare at a distance and providing medical solutions to remote communities with limited access to quality healthcare. However, the challenges associated with the use of telemedicine in Ghana make it difficult to scale up its application at the Primary Healthcare (PHC) level.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the current trends and applications of telemedicine in health care delivery at the primary health care level in Ghana. The study also sought to identify the prospects and challenges of telemedicine implementation in Ghana. 

Study Design: The study employed both qualitative and quantitative design involving 200 respondents made up of 80 healthcare professionals and 120 patients from four primary healthcare facilities in the Ahafo-Ano North District of the Ashanti region of Ghana

Methods: Survey questionnaire, semi-structured interview guide, and field observations were used to find out the knowledge of providers, capacity, availability of network infrastructure, and challenges of implementing telemedicine at the PHC level from the viewpoint of healthcare 'professionals' and to verify factors that can persuade patients to participate in the implementation of telemedicine. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the factors influencing 'patients' decision to participate in telemedicine, while the qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis.

Results: The results show that knowledge and education about telemedicine, easy access to specialist care at home, widespread use of mobile telephony, and reduction in travel cost due to telemedicine significantly influence both providers' and patients' participation in telemedicine at the primary healthcare level. The minimum educational level for patients to participate in telemedicine implementation is a primary education (OR = 0.233, p<0.025). On the other hand, inadequate infrastructure, legal issues such as non-certification of providers, reimbursement and confidentiality challenges are some of the factors that impede telemedicine implementation.

Conclusion: The authors suggest that developing countries need to take advantage of the massive use of mobile telephony and embrace telemedicine application to increase access to healthcare in rural areas. Again, certification of care providers is critical for effective application and integration of telemedicine and this should be adaptive to local needs, high internet connectivity and the demands of both healthcare professionals and patients especially in rural communities.
Recent Advances in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions of N‐Tosylhydrazones
Authors: Radolko Jan , Ehlers Peter , Langer Peter
Published: May 2021

Transition‐metal‐catalyzed reactions of N‐tosylhydrazones provide a convenient access to various molecules by novel carbon‐carbon or carbon‐heteroatom bond formations via carbene‐type intermediates. The present review highlights recent developments in the field emphasize of the employment of different transition metals as catalysts, synthetic applications, mechanistic studies and use in domino and multicomponent reactions.
Longitudinal CSF Iron Pathway Proteins in Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus: Associations with Ventricle Size and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
Authors: Strahle Jennifer M. , Mahaney Kelly B. , Morales Diego M. , Buddhala Chandana , Shannon Chevis N. , Wellons John C. , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Jensen Hailey , Reeder Ron W. , Holubkov Richard , Riva‐Cambrin Jay K. , Whitehead William E. , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Tamber Mandeep , Pollack Ian F. , Naftel Robert P. , Kestle John R.W. , Limbrick David D. ,   and for the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network
Published: May 2021

Objective

Iron has been implicated in the pathogenesis of brain injury and hydrocephalus after preterm germinal matrix hemorrhage‐intraventricular hemorrhage, however, it is unknown how external or endogenous intraventricular clearance of iron pathway proteins affect the outcome in this group.

Methods

This prospective multicenter cohort included patients with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) who underwent (1) temporary and permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion and (2) Bayley Scales of Infant Development‐III testing around 2 years of age. CSF proteins in the iron handling pathway were analyzed longitudinally and compared to ventricle size and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Results

Thirty‐seven patients met inclusion criteria with a median estimated gestational age at birth of 25 weeks; 65% were boys. Ventricular CSF levels of hemoglobin, iron, total bilirubin, and ferritin decreased between temporary and permanent CSF diversion with no change in CSF levels of ceruloplasmin, transferrin, haptoglobin, and hepcidin. There was an increase in CSF hemopexin during this interval. Larger ventricle size at permanent CSF diversion was associated with elevated CSF ferritin (p = 0.015) and decreased CSF hemopexin (p = 0.007). CSF levels of proteins at temporary CSF diversion were not associated with outcome, however, higher CSF transferrin at permanent CSF diversion was associated with improved cognitive outcome (p = 0.015). Importantly, longitudinal change in CSF iron pathway proteins, ferritin (decrease), and transferrin (increase) were associated with improved cognitive (p = 0.04) and motor (p = 0.03) scores and improved cognitive (p = 0.04), language (p = 0.035), and motor (p = 0.008) scores, respectively.

Interpretation

Longitudinal changes in CSF transferrin (increase) and ferritin (decrease) are associated with improved neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonatal PHH, with implications for understanding the pathogenesis of poor outcomes in PHH. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:217–226
Using the PhenX Toolkit to Select Standard Measurement Protocols for Your Research Study
Authors: Cox Lisa Ann , Hwang Stephen , Haines Jonathan , Ramos Erin M. , McCarty Catherine A. , Marazita Mary L. , Engle Michelle L. , Hendershot Tabitha , Pan Huaqin (Helen) , Hamilton Carol M.
Published: May 2021

The goals of PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) are to promote the use of standard measurement protocols and to help investigators identify opportunities for collaborative research and cross‐study analysis, thus increasing the impact of individual studies. The PhenX Toolkit (https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/) offers high‐quality, well‐established measurement protocols to assess phenotypes and exposures in studies with human participants. The Toolkit contains protocols representing 29 research domains and 6 specialty collections of protocols that add depth to the Toolkit in specific research areas (e.g., COVID‐19, Social Determinants of Health [SDoH], Blood Sciences Research [BSR], Mental Health Research [MHR], Tobacco Regulatory Research [TRR], and Substance Abuse and Addiction [SAA]). Protocols are recommended for inclusion in the PhenX Toolkit by Working Groups of domain experts using a consensus process that includes input from the scientific community. For each PhenX protocol, the Toolkit provides a detailed description, the rationale for inclusion, and supporting documentation. Users can browse protocols in the Toolkit, search the Toolkit using keywords, or use Browse Protocols Tree to identify protocols of interest. The PhenX Toolkit provides data dictionaries compatible with the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP), Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) data submission compatibility, and data collection worksheets to help investigators incorporate PhenX protocols into their study design. The PhenX Toolkit provides resources to help users identify published studies that used PhenX protocols. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Using the PhenX Toolkit to support or extend study design
Does Type, Quantity, and Location of Habitat Matter for Fish Diversity in a Great Plains Riverscape?
Authors: Hitchman Sean M , Mather Martha E , Smith Joseph M
Published: May 2021

Fisheries professionals frequently measure habitat type and amount, but less often measure the importance of where those habitats are located and in what combinations. We address this challenge by testing whether the individual and combined type, quantity, and location of habitat affects fish diversity in the upper Neosho River basin, Kansas, as a different approach to measuring habitat heterogeneity. Habitat type mattered in that species richness increased in areas of higher riffle density. Furthermore, variation within habitat type also influenced fish diversity; specifically, slower, shallower riffles had more species of fish. The spatial arrangement (i.e., impact of neighbor habitats) influenced fish diversity patterns in that riffle–run and riffle–glide pairings altered riffle habitat characteristics. The study illustrates a useful approach by measuring the type, amount, and arrangement of habitats to assess fish populations and could be adapted to other stream ecosystems.
Spectral analysis of physiological brain pulsations affecting the BOLD signal
Authors: Raitamaa Lauri , Huotari Niko , Korhonen Vesa , Helakari Heta , Koivula Anssi , Kananen Janne , Kiviniemi Vesa
Published: May 2021

Physiological pulsations have been shown to affect the global blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in human brain. While these pulsations have previously been regarded as noise, recent studies show their potential as biomarkers of brain pathology. We used the extended 5 Hz spectral range of magnetic resonance encephalography (MREG) data to investigate spatial and frequency distributions of physiological BOLD signal sources. Amplitude spectra of the global image signals revealed cardiorespiratory envelope modulation (CREM) peaks, in addition to the previously known very low frequency (VLF) and cardiorespiratory pulsations. We then proceeded to extend the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) method to each of these pulsations. The respiratory pulsations were spatially dominating over most brain structures. The VLF pulsations overcame the respiratory pulsations in frontal and parietal gray matter, whereas cardiac and CREM pulsations had this effect in central cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces and major blood vessels. A quasi‐periodic pattern (QPP) analysis showed that the CREM pulsations propagated as waves, with a spatiotemporal pattern differing from that of respiratory pulsations, indicating them to be distinct intracranial physiological phenomenon. In conclusion, the respiration has a dominant effect on the global BOLD signal and directly modulates cardiovascular brain pulsations.
Group‐Centered Leadership: Progression Over Time, Effectiveness, and Practices
Authors: Perry Chad , Cebulla Andreas , Dick Bob
Published: May 2021

A person assigned to a leadership position can progress along two pathways over time: the leader‐centered or the group‐centered leadership pathways. Leader‐centered leadership is ego‐driven and hierarchical. There are two similar forms of the leader‐centered pathway: the regular and the psychopathic forms. The first form is the common, normal progression outlined by Keltner, whereas the second form is more rapid and is the form taken by leader‐centered leaders who have a genetic predisposition to psychopathy. Eventually, both forms of leaders encounter personal hubris. The current article explores how both forms of the leader‐centered pathway progress over time. In contrast, leaders progressing along the second leadership pathway are group‐centered and empathy‐driven and do not focus on themselves. Researchers have found that these group‐centered leaders are more effective than leader‐centered leaders. Because group‐centered leadership is so important, some of its characteristics have been described elsewhere and are extended upon here in a comprehensive account of the practices associated with the group‐centered leadership pathway. In conclusion, group‐centered leadership practices are critical to a group's effectiveness, and group‐centered leadership must be established when a group is initially formed.
Computational investigation and screening of high‐energy‐density materials: Based on nitrogen‐rich 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine energetic derivatives
Authors: Zeng Lian , Jiang Yuhe , Wu Jinting , Li Hongbo , Zhang Jianguo
Published: May 2021

In this work, the geometric structure of thirty six 1, 2, 4, 5‐tetrazine derivatives (FTT) were systematically studied by using the density functional theory. Meanwhile, we also predicted the stability, detonation properties, heats of formation (HOF) and thermodynamic properties of all FTT compounds. Results showed that all compounds have superior HOF far exceeding that of common explosives. In addition, the detonation performance (Q = 1426–1804 cal g−1; P = 29.54–41.84 GPa; D = 8.02–9.53 km s−1), which is superior to 2,4,6‐triamino‐1,3,5‐trinitrobenzene 2,4,6‐triamino‐1,3,5‐trinitrobenzene (TATB). It is also concluded that the introduction of coordination oxygen on the tetrazine ring can improve the HOF, density and detonation performance of the title compound, and –NH–NH– bridge and –NHNO2 group are also the perfect combination to increase these values. In view of thermal stability, because of the fascinating performance of D3, E3, F1 and F3 , makes them very attractive to be chosen as HEDMs.
Endotracheal granulation after tracheostomy in acute respiratory distress syndrome from COVID‐19
Authors: Matsumoto Haruko , Hanada Shigeo , Yamamoto Kazumasa , Takaya Hisashi
Published: May 2021

Key message

Granulation tissue formation is one of the late complications of tracheostomy. It can cause stomal stenosis secondary to chondritis because of disproportionate excision of the anterior cartilage. Clinicians should carefully determine the incision point, which is typically located half way between the cricoid cartilage and the sternal notch.
Can soil organic carbon be enhanced by using construction wastes as a soil amendment?
Authors: Guerin Turlough F.
Published: May 2021

Many soils are low in organic carbon as is the case in Australia. The current study identified the risks from applying shredded end of life packaging materials (EOLPM) to soil at a utility scale solar energy plant, assessed its impact, and mitigated the residual risks. Its purpose was to determine if the EOLPM would pose a potential risk to human health and/or the environment if placed as a amendment incorporated into the surface soil (as a surface‐incorporated mulch) to increase soil carbon. A qualitative risk assessment showed effective controls and risk treatments from the potential risks from combustion, dust generation, and on‐site and off‐site littering (from cardboard pieces), were possible and reduced these residual risks to low (and acceptable) when the EOLPM was shredded and incorporated into the surface soil as an amendment (soil improver).
Colloidal catchment response to snowmelt and precipitation events differs in a forested headwater catchment
Authors: Burger Dymphie J. , Vogel Johnny , Kooijman Annemieke M. , Bol Roland , de Rijke Eva , Schoorl Jorien , Lücke Andreas , Gottselig Nina
Published: May 2021

Climate change affects the occurrence of high‐discharge (HD) events and associated nutrient exports in catchment stream water. Information on colloidal events‐based losses of important nutrients, such as organic C(Corg), N, P, and S, remain relatively scarce. We hypothesized that contributions of colloidal exported N, S, and P due to differing hydrological mechanisms vary between HD events in late winter and spring. We examined one combined snowmelt and rainfall event (March 2018) with one rainfall event (May 2018) for temporal Corg, N, P, and S dynamics. The catchment exports of colloids and their subset nanoparticles were analyzed by asymmetric‐flow field flow fractionation (P) and a filtration cascade (N and S). The Corg source in both events was assessed by δ13C composition of the stream water in relation to that of the soil. In winter, <6% of stream water P was transported by colloids (>0.1 μm), but this was 29–64% in spring and was associated with Corg, Fe, and Al. Colloidal N and particulate S (>1 μm) were higher during both events, but the majority of losses were dissolved (<0.1 μm). The δ13C values of dissolved organic matter (13CDOM) showed that in winter, most Corg was exported from the hydrologically connected hillslopes by water flowing through mineral horizons, due to snowmelt. During and after the rainfall events, export from organic horizons dominated the nutrient losses as particulates, including colloids. These events highlight the need for a better quantification of often underreported particulate, colloid, and nanoparticle contributions to weather‐driven nutrient losses from catchments.
Analysis of community‐level factors contributing to cholera infection and water testing access in the Northern Corridor of Haiti
Authors: Ogisma Lonege , Li Tonghui , Xiao Han , O'Donnell Frances , Molnar Joseph
Published: May 2021

Vibrio cholera, the bacteria that cause cholera, is endemic in Haiti with a presence in both cities and remote areas. Improved access to drinking water testing and treatment in remote areas may reduce the impact of the disease. This case study uses correlation and regression analysis to identify the main factors that hinder access to water testing and that lead to high cholera infection rates among communities in the Northern Corridor of Haiti. Poor road conditions, mountainous terrain, and limited transportation options lead to high travel times up to 5.7 min/km between remote communities and drinking water testing facilities. The presence of springs in a community has a significant positive correlation with cholera infection rates in the Northern Corridor. However, socioeconomic factors had no significant correlation with cholera infection rate. The results of this study will be used to plan the implementation of a new drinking water testing laboratory near the city of Cap‐Haitian and other programs for vulnerable remote areas.

Practitioner points

Topography and road conditions may be more important than distance in determining the accessibility of water testing facilities for rural communities.

A lack of access to private vehicles is a substantial challenge for many rural communities in accessing water testing.

The presence of springs in a community had a significant positive correlation with cholera infection rate.
Modular invariant dynamics and fermion mass hierarchies around τ = i
Authors: Feruglio Ferruccio , Gherardi Valerio , Romanino Andrea , Titov Arsenii
Published: May 2021

Abstract

We discuss fermion mass hierarchies within modular invariant flavour models. We analyse the neighbourhood of the self-dual pointτ=i, where modular invariant theories possess a residualZ4invariance. In this region the breaking ofZ4can be fully described by the spurionϵ≈τ − i, that flips its sign underZ4. Degeneracies or vanishing eigenvalues of fermion mass matrices, forced by theZ4symmetry atτ=i, are removed by slightly deviating from the self-dual point. Relevant mass ratios are controlled by powers of|ϵ|. We present examples where this mechanism is a key ingredient to successfully implement an hierarchical spectrum in the lepton sector, even in the presence of a non-minimal Kähler potential.
A simulated annealing-based algorithm for selecting balanced samples
Authors: Benedetti Roberto , Dickson Maria Michela , Espa Giuseppe , Pantalone Francesco , Piersimoni Federica
Published: May 2021

Balanced sampling is a random method for sample selection, the use of which is preferable when auxiliary information is available for all units of a population. However, implementing balanced sampling can be a challenging task, and this is due in part to the computational efforts required and the necessity to respect balancing constraints and inclusion probabilities. In the present paper, a new algorithm for selecting balanced samples is proposed. This method is inspired by simulated annealing algorithms, as a balanced sample selection can be interpreted as an optimization problem. A set of simulation experiments and an example using real data shows the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed algorithm.
The non-invasive assessment of myocardial work by pressure-strain analysis: clinical applications
Authors: Abawi Dawud , Rinaldi Tommaso , Faragli Alessandro , Pieske Burkert , Morris Daniel A. , Kelle Sebastian , Tschöpe Carsten , Zito Concetta , Alogna Alessio
Published: May 2021

Pressure–volume (PV) analysis is the most comprehensive way to describe cardiac function, giving insights into cardiac mechanics and energetics. However, PV analysis still remains a highly invasive and time-consuming method, preventing it from integration into clinical practice. Most of the echocardiographic parameters currently used in the clinical routine to characterize left ventricular (LV) systolic function, such as LV ejection fraction and LV global longitudinal strain, do not take the pressure developed within the LV into account and therefore fall too short in describing LV function as a hydraulic pump. Recently, LV pressure-strain analysis has been introduced as a new technique to assess myocardial work in a non-invasive fashion. This new method showed new insights in comparison to invasive measurements and was validated in different cardiac pathologies, e.g., for the detection of coronary artery disease, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)-response prediction, and different forms of heart failure. Non-invasively assessed myocardial work may play a major role in guiding therapies and estimating prognosis. However, its incremental prognostic validity in comparison to common echocardiographic parameters remains unclear. This review aims to provide an overview of pressure-strain analysis, including its current application in the clinical arena, as well as potential fields of exploitation.
Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Hydrodistension – A New Surgical Way in Transgender Surgery
Authors: Panic A. , Rahmani N. , Kaspar C. , Radtke J.P. , Darr C. , Henkel A. , Hadaschik B. , Tschirdewahn S. , Hess J.
Published: May 2021

Background

Creating the neovaginal canal in transwomen is one of the most delicate steps of Genital Gender Affirming Surgery (GGAS). Injury to the rectum is a rare but serious complication that can lead to further surgery and even creation of a colostomy.

Aim

Implementation of a novel hydrospacing technique (HST) based on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided hydrodistension.

Methods

Between June 2018 and June 2020 54 transwomen received GGAS with HST. Immediately before GGAS transperineal hydrodistension was performed using a TSK-Supra-Needle (20 Gauge, 120 mm length), that was placed under direct TRUS-guided visual control between Denonvilliers’ fascia and the anterior rectal wall. 40 – 60 ml normal saline were administered perineally to separate Denonvilliers’ fascia from the anterior rectal wall to create a dissection of at least 20 mm. For better intraoperative visualization the hydrodissected space was also dyed using 2ml of methylenblue while retracting the needle. A retrospectively analysed, clinically and demographically comparable series of 84 transwomen who underwent GGAS between June 2016 and June 2018 served as control group. All 138 surgeries were performed by the same experienced surgeon.

Outcomes

The effect of the novel hydrospacing technique on neovaginal dimensions and operating time.

RESULTS

Patients in both groups did not differ in baseline patient characteristics such as age and body mass index (HST 35 vs 38 years in control group, P = .44 and body mass index 26 vs 25 kg/m2, P = .73). Vaginal depth and width were significantly larger in the HST subgroup as compared to controls (14.4 cm vs 13.5 cm, P = .01 and 4.2 cm vs 3.8 cm, P < .001). No statistically significant difference occurred in intraoperative rectal injury (n = 0 in HST group, n = 2 in control group, P = .26). Median total OR-time was comparable for GGAS including HST before vaginoplasty to standard technique (211 minutes for HST vs 218 minutes; P = 0.19).

Clinical implications

The proposed additional surgical step during GGAS is minimally invasive and safe, simplifies GGAS and potentially helps to avoid complications such as rectal injury.

Strength & Limitations

Single-surgeon series, limited follow-up time and no prospective randomization.

CONCLUSION

HST is a safe and feasible procedure, which facilitates a safe preparation of the neovaginal canal during male to female GGAS.
Ira Aldridge
Authors: Lindfors Bernth
Published: May 2021

Ira Aldridge The Last Years, 1855-1867, the fourth volume of Bernth Lindfors's definitive biography, places on record Aldridge's remarkable achievements and experiences in the final phase of his life, when he performed at theaters throughout Europe. His first Continental tour in 1852-1855 had been a spectacular success, and though he returned to Britain periodically afterwards, he spent much of the remainder of his career entertaining audiences in central and eastern Europe, mainly in Ukraine and Russia. His Shakespearean performances in St. Petersburg in 1858 and Moscow in 1862 were among his greatest triumphs and led to numerous appearances elsewhere in provincial cities and towns. During his forty-three years on stage in Europe, Ira Aldridge traveled more widely and wonmore honors, decorations, and awards than any other actor of his day. He is remembered not only as a talented thespian but also as a very visible representative of his race, someone who changed European perceptions of black people through the sheer brilliance of his artistry on stage. And by doing so, he helped to humanize the image of Africans and their descendants in Europe at an important transitional moment in history, when the movement to abolish slavery was gathering force and winning international acceptance. Bernth Lindfors is professor emeritus of English and African literatures at the University of Texas at Austin.
A non-specialist depression care pathway for adolescents living with HIV and transitioning into adult care in Peru: a nested, proof of concept pilot study
Authors: Galea Jerome T. , Contreras Carmen , Wong Milagros , Ramos Karen , Vargas Valentina , Sánchez Hugo , Errea Renato A. , Lecca Leonid , Franke Molly F.
Published: May 2021

Background

Adolescents living with HIV (ALWH) are disproportionally impacted by depression, experiencing worse HIV outcomes. Integrated depression and HIV care may support antiretroviral adherence. This study pilot tested for proof of concept a basic depression care pathway for ALWH to inform depression care integration with HIV services in Peru.

Methods

ALWH were screened for depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Participants with PHQ-9 scores of ⩾10 or suicidal ideation (SI) were eligible for Psychological First Aid (PFA) delivered by non-mental health specialists. Participants with PHQ-9 re-assessments of ⩾20 or SI were referred to specialized services.

Results

Twenty-eight (11 female, 17 male) ALWH aged 15–21 years participated; n = 20 (71%) identified as heterosexual. Most (18/28) acquired HIV at birth. Baseline PHQ-9 scores were 0–4, n = 3 (11%); 5–9, n = 9 (32%); 10–14, n = 10 (36%); 15–19, n = 4 (14%); and 20–27, n = 2 (7%). Eleven participants (40%) reported SI. Among participants with PHQ-9 > 4, 92% (23/25) were not severe. Of the 21 (75%) of participants eligible for PFA, n = 9 (32%) accepted at least one session, of which n = 3 (33%) were linked to specialized care.

Conclusions

A simple care pathway operationalizing depression screening and non-specialist delivered emotional support is a first step toward integrated depression and HIV care for ALWH.
Staff stress and burnout in a community adult mental health service
Authors: Broderick Norella , Vaughan Roisin , McNicholas Fiona , Feeney Larkin
Published: May 2021

Objectives:

Burnout has been associated with medical errors and low levels should be considered an indicator of service quality. This study examined the level of personal, work and client-related burnout in medical, other clinical and non-clinical staff in an adult community mental health service.

Methods:

An anonymous study-specific questionnaire was designed and circulated to all staff with an explanatory document. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used as a validated measure of burnout, with high levels reflecting high rates of stress and burnout. Further questions were added from Maslach Burnout Inventory and effort–reward imbalance index. Information on demographics, job satisfaction, turnover intention, feeling valued and effort/reward balance was gathered and analysed.

Results:

The overall response rate was 47.4% (63/133), of whom 43 were clinical staff. Overall levels of burnout were low and similar across staff type, with only 30.1% showing moderate levels of burnout, and none in the ‘high-burnout’ category. All staff displayed positive disposition towards patients, with lower client burnout, as compared to personal and work-related burnout. All medical staff felt valued in their work, with lower rates in the other groups (48.7% of non-medical clinicians and 58.3% of non-clinical staff).

Conclusions:

Relatively low levels of overall burnout were reported among clinical and non-clinical staff working in our adult mental health service. These rates are similar to the levels identified in a national study of burnout in Irish hospital doctors but lower than the levels found among consultants in Irish child and adolescent mental health services.
Godde re et de dicto: Kierkegaard, faith and religious diversity
Authors: Moser Paul K.
Published: May 2021

In hisConcluding Unscientific Postscript,Kierkegaard, writing as Johannes Climacus, famously distinguishes two kinds of religiousness, kind A and kind B. He claims that, even though kind A is basic to kind B, including as represented in Christian religious commitment, kind A both has God ‘in its ground’ and ‘can be present in paganism’ that is atheist or agnostic. This apparent conflict calls for a resolution, if kind A is to be coherent. This article offers a new resolution with a familiar distinction between Godde reand Godde dicto,even though interpreters have overlooked the importance of this distinction for understanding Kierkegaard. In addition, the article contends that this distinction is supportable from Kierkegaard's own writings, even though he himself did not draw it explicitly. The article also explains the importance of the distinction for understanding Kierkegaard on religious diversity in intellectual content. It proposes that it enables Kierkegaard to offer a compelling position on such diversity, given his understanding of God's perfectly good character and activity.
Thomas Torrance, Mark 16:19–20 and the ascended Christ's prophetic role
Authors: O'Collins Gerald
Published: May 2021

This article argues that, unlike some exegetes (e.g. Francis Moloney), Thomas Torrance correctly interpreted Mark 16:19–20 in support of a theology of the ascended Christ's continuing prophetic activity. In the ministry of the Word, Christ remains present and at work witnessing to himself. This prophetic office, associated with and not to be separated from his kingly and priestly functions, is not to be played down. He is the primary agent forever actively involved in Christian proclamation.
Dietary and nutrient intake among participants of a Brazilian health promotion programme: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Silva Angélica R , Lopes Mariana S , Campos Suellen F , dos Santos Luana C , Freitas Patrícia P , Lopes Aline CS
Published: May 2021

Objective:

Developing health promotion activities, aimed at healthy food intake, is essential for improving quality of life and reducing the prevalence of chronic diseases. Thus, the objective of this study is to describe both dietary and nutrient intake, according to length of participation in a health promotion service (Programa Academia da Saúde – PAS).

Design:

A cross-sectional study was carried out with a representative sample of PAS units in vulnerable areas of the city. Dietary and nutrient intake were assessed, using the average of two 24-h recalls. Food was categorised according to the NOVA (a systematic grouping of all foods according to the nature, extent and purpose of the industrial processes they undergo) classification. The length of participation in PAS is presented in months and is then examined in tertiles for analysis.

Setting:

Belo Horizonte – Brazil.

Participants:

3372 adults (≥20 years).

Results:

Users in the third tertile of PAS (24·4–61·6 months) experienced less energy intake, lipids and ultra-processed foods, and more culinary preparations, compared to others. Users in the second (10·1–24·3 months) and third tertiles of PAS had higher carbohydrate intake, Ca and vitamin C v those in the first tertile (0–10 months).

Conclusions:

Results suggest that greater participation in PAS can improve dietary and nutrient intake, showing its potential to promote healthy lifestyles, prevent chronic diseases and offer longitudinal health care.
Complex structures synthesized in shock processing of nucleobases – implications to the origins of life
Authors: Surendra V. S. , Jayaram V. , Muruganantham M. , Vijay T. , Vijayan S. , Samarth P. , Hill H. , Bhardwaj Anil , Mason N. J. , Sivaraman B.
Published: May 2021

Nucleobases are nitrogenous bases composed of monomers that are a major constituent of RNA and DNA, which are an essential part of any cellular life on the Earth. The search for nucleobases in the interstellar medium remains a major challenge, however, the recent detection of nucleobases in meteorite samples and laboratory synthesis in simulated analogue experiments have confirmed their abiotic origin and a possible route for their delivery to the Earth. Nevertheless, cellular life is based on the interacting network of complex structures, and there is substantial lack of information on the possible routes by which such ordered structures may be formed in the prebiotic environment. In the current study, we present the evidence for the synthesis of complex structures due to shock processing of nucleobases. The nucleobases were subjected to the reflected shock temperature of 3500–7000 K (estimated) and pressure of about 15–34 bar for over ~2 ms timescale. Under such extreme thermodynamic conditions, the nucleobases sample experiences superheating and subsequent cooling. Electron microscopic studies of shock processed residue show that nucleobases result in spontaneous formation of complex structures when subjected to extreme conditions of shock. These results suggest that impact shock processes might have contributed to the self-assembly of biologically relevant structures and the origin of life.
Sahelian Heat Wave Characterization From Observational Data Sets
Authors: Bouniol D. , Guichard F. , Barbier J. , Couvreux F. , Roehrig R.
Published: May 2021

This paper makes use of spaceborne observational data sets in order to characterize radiative processes involved in spring time heat waves in the Sahel. Spring corresponds to the hottest period of the year, with a high aerosol load, a gradual moistening, and the presence of clouds contributing to greenhouse effect. Heat waves are defined as synoptic events that have a large spatial extent and a duration longer than 3 days. Two types of heat waves are studied: daytime heat waves, detected with the daily maximum temperature and nighttime heat waves, detected with the daily minimum temperature. Daytime heat waves correspond to situations where cloud optical thickness is lower than the climatology and a large number of these situations are also associated with a lower aerosol load and a drier atmosphere. Nighttime heat waves correspond to a moister atmosphere compared to the climatology. In a large fraction of them, an increase in aerosol loading is also observed. This study, only based on observational data sets, highlights the subtle but different radiative balance at play in both types of events.
Chasing Magma Around Iceland’s Reykjanes Peninsula
Authors: Tripathy-Lang Alka
Published: May 2021

The Icelandic Meteorological Office has been tracking unrest near erupting Fagradalsfjall since December 2019, while researchers elsewhere explore new methods to see Iceland’s seismic swarms.
Differentially private density estimation with skew-normal mixtures model
Authors: Wu Weisan
Published: May 2021

The protection of private data is a hot research issue in the era of big data. Differential privacy is a strong privacy guarantees in data analysis. In this paper, we propose DP-MSNM, a parametric density estimation algorithm using multivariate skew-normal mixtures (MSNM) model to differential privacy. MSNM can solve the asymmetric problem of data sets, and it is could approximate any distribution through expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm. In this model, we add two extra steps on the estimated parameters in the M step of each iteration. The first step is adding calibrated noise to the estimated parameters based on Laplacian mechanism. The second step is post-processes those noisy parameters to ensure their intrinsic characteristics based on the theory of vector normalize and positive semi definition matrix. Extensive experiments using both real data sets evaluate the performance of DP-MSNM, and demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms DPGMM.
Preclinical and clinical characterization of the RORγt inhibitor JNJ-61803534
Authors: Xue Xiaohua , De Leon-Tabaldo Aimee , Luna-Roman Rosa , Castro Glenda , Albers Michael , Schoetens Freddy , DePrimo Samuel , Devineni Damayanthi , Wilde Thomas , Goldberg Steve , Kinzel Olaf , Hoffmann Thomas , Fourie Anne M. , Thurmond Robin L.
Published: May 2021

The nuclear receptor retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) plays a critical role in driving Th17 cell differentiation and expansion, as well as IL-17 production in innate and adaptive immune cells. The IL-23/IL-17 axis is implicated in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and biologics targeting IL-23 and IL-17 have shown significant clinical efficacy in treating psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. JNJ-61803534 is a potent RORγt inverse agonist, selectively inhibiting RORγt-driven transcription versus closely-related family members, RORα and RORβ. JNJ-61803534 inhibited IL-17A production in human CD4+ T cells under Th17 differentiation conditions, but did not inhibit IFNγ production under Th1 differentiation conditions, and had no impact on in vitro differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg), nor on the suppressive activity of natural Tregs. In the mouse collagen-induced arthritis model, JNJ-61803534 dose-dependently attenuated inflammation, achieving ~ 90% maximum inhibition of clinical score. JNJ-61803534 significantly inhibited disease score in the imiquimod-induced mouse skin inflammation model, and dose-dependently inhibited the expression of RORγt-regulated genes, including IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22 and IL-23R. Preclinical 1-month toxicity studies in rats and dogs identified doses that were well tolerated supporting progression into first-in-human studies. An oral formulation of JNJ-61803534 was studied in a phase 1 randomized double-blind study in healthy human volunteers to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. The compound was well tolerated in single ascending doses (SAD) up to 200 mg, and exhibited dose-dependent increases in exposure upon oral dosing, with a plasma half-life of 164 to 170 h. In addition, dose-dependent inhibition of ex vivo stimulated IL-17A production in whole blood was observed, demonstrating in vivo target engagement. In conclusion, JNJ-61803534 is a potent and selective RORγt inhibitor that exhibited acceptable preclinical safety and efficacy, as well as an acceptable safety profile in a healthy volunteer SAD study, with clear evidence of a pharmacodynamic effect in humans.
Chryseobacterium schmidteae sp. nov. a novel bacterial species isolated from planarian Schmidtea mediterranea
Authors: Kangale Luis Johnson , Raoult Didier , Ghigo Eric , Fournier Pierre-Edouard
Published: May 2021

Marseille-P9602T is a Chryseobacterium-like strain that we isolated from planarian Schmidtea mediterranea and characterized by taxono-genomic approach. We found that Marseille-P9602T strain exhibits a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.76% with Chryseobacterium scophthalmum LMG 13028T strain, the closest phylogenetic neighbor. Marseille-P9602T strain was observed to be a yellowish-pigmented, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, growing in aerobic conditions and belonging to the Flavobacteriaceae family. The major fatty acids detected are 13-methyl-tetradecanoic acid (57%), 15-methylhexadecenoic acid (18%) and 12-methyl-tetradecanoic acid (8%). Marseille-P9602 strain size was found from genome assembly to be of 4,271,905 bp, with a 35.5% G + C content. The highest values obtained for Ortho-ANI and dDDH were 91.67% and 44.60%, respectively. Thus, hereby we unravel that Marseille-P9602 strain is sufficiently different from other closed related species and can be classified as a novel bacterial species, for which we propose the name of Chryseobacterium schmidteae sp. nov. Type strain is Marseille-P9602T (= CSUR P9602T = CECT 30295T).
Assessment of closely related Mycobacterium tuberculosis variants with different transmission success and in vitro infection dynamics
Authors: Abascal Estefanía , Genestet Charlotte , Valera Ana , Herranz Marta , Martinez-Lirola Miguel , Muñoz Patricia , Dumitrescu Oana , García de Viedma Darío
Published: May 2021

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is able to differentiate closely relatedMycobacterium tuberculosisvariants within the same transmission cluster. Our aim was to evaluate if this higher discriminatory power may help identify and characterize more actively transmitted variants and understand the factors behind their success. We selected a robust MIRU-VNTR-defined cluster from Almería, Spain (22 cases throughout 2003–2019). WGS allowed discriminating, within the same epidemiological setting, between a successfully transmitted variant and seven closely related variants that did not lead to secondary cases, or were involved in self-limiting transmission (one single secondary case). Intramacrophagic growth of representative variants was evaluated in an in vitro infection model using U937 cells. Intramacrophage multiplication ratios (CFUs at Day 4/CFUs at Day 0) were higher for the actively transmitted variant (range 5.3–10.7) than for the unsuccessfully transmitted closely related variants (1.5–3.95). Two SNPs, mapping at the DNA binding domain of DnaA and atkdpD, were found to be specific of the successful variant.
Correction: NiCo2O4 nanoparticles inlaid on sulphur and nitrogen doped and co-doped rGO sheets as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution and methanol oxidation reactions
Authors: Rebekah A. , Viswanathan C. , Ponpandian N.
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘NiCo2O4 nanoparticles inlaid on sulphur and nitrogen doped and co-doped rGO sheets as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution and methanol oxidation reactions’ by A. Rebekah et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1na00135c.
Base-promoted, CBr4-mediated tandem bromination/intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation of N-aryl enamines: a facile access to 1H- and 3H-indoles
Authors: Zhao Lan , Qiu Changfu , Zhao Lixin , Yin Guangwei , Li Fangyi , Wang Chunhua , Li Zheng
Published: May 2021

In the presence of CBr4 and a suitable base, the cyclization reaction of N-aryl enamines proceeds with high efficiency leading to a series of 1H-indoles and 3H-indoles with moderate to good yields.
Synthesis and biological activity of cyclopropyl Δ7-dafachronic acids as DAF-12 receptor ligands
Authors: Mancino Valentina , Ceccarelli Giada , Carotti Andrea , Goracci Laura , Sardella Roccaldo , Passeri Daniela , Pellicciari Roberto , Gioiello Antimo
Published: May 2021

The four cyclopropyl stereoisomers of Δ7-dafachronic acids were prepared from hyodeoxycholic acid to exploit the importance of the orientation and spatial disposition of the carboxyl and the C25-methyl group for the binding at the DAF-12 receptor.
Correction: Dibismuthanes in catalysis: from synthesis and characterization to redox behavior towards oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diols
Authors: Magre Marc , Kuziola Jennifer , Nöthling Nils , Cornella Josep
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘Dibismuthanes in catalysis: from synthesis and characterization to redox behavior towards oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diols’ by Marc Magre et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00367d.
Correction: Unexpected formation of 1,2- and 1,4-bismethoxyl Sc3N@Ih-C80 derivatives via regioselective anion addition: an unambiguous structural identification and mechanism study
Authors: Hu Yajing , Yao Yang-Rong , Liu Xuechen , Yu Ao , Xie Xiaoming , Abella Laura , Rodríguez-Fortea Antonio , Poblet Josep M. , Akasaka Takeshi , Peng Ping , Zhang Qianyan , Xie Su-Yuan , Li Fang-Fang , Lu Xing
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘Unexpected formation of 1,2- and 1,4-bismethoxyl Sc3N@Ih-C80 derivatives via regioselective anion addition: an unambiguous structural identification and mechanism study’ by Yajing Hu et al., Chem. Sci., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01178b.