bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemetaan Kebisingan di Area Gas Plant PT. X Jambi Dalam Rangka Perlindungan Terhadap Pekerja
Authors: Anggraini Febri Juita , Handika Rizki Andre , Arman Rahayu
Published: November 2021

Lokasi sumber minyak dan gas bumi terbanyak di Indonesia diantaranya adalah di Provinsi Jambi. Oleh karena itu pengelolaannya telah dilakukan baik oleh perusahaan nasional maupun asing, seperti PT. X di kawasan hilir Provinsi Jambi. Unit pengolahan utama perusahaan-perusahaan bidang eksplorasi serta produksi minyak dan gas bumi dilakukan di area gas plant, yang kebisingan dapat menjadi salah satu risiko gangguan kepada pekerjanya. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengembangkan pemetaan pola sebaran kebisingan dari 568 titik pengukuran area gas plant PT. X dengan software Surfer 11, yang selanjutnya menjadi informasi dasar untuk perlindungan risiko gangguan pendengaran pada pekerja. Hasilnya, peta kontur kebisingan telah diperoleh dengan rentang tingkat kebisingan dari yang terendah 48,8 dBA, hingga yang tertinggi 100,2 dBA. Dari pemetaan yang sudah dibuat diperoleh bahwa sumber utama kebisingan berasal antara lain dari gas turbine generator (GTG), air compressor, propane compressor, sales gas compressor, rich amine pump, amine charge pump, amine booster pump, reinjection compressor, thermal oxidizer (TOX), expander compressor, overhead compressor dan inlet compressor (BCD4).
Efek Spasial Jaringan Jalan di Kota Jambi
Authors: Harmes Harmes , Zuhdi Mohammad , Naswir Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Substansi pembangunan berbasis spasial di Indonesia diregulasikan melalui kebijakan penataan ruang, tujuannya adalah menata aspek struktur dan pola ruang wilayah. Struktur ruang  fokus pada jaringan infrastruktur sedangkan pola ruang mengatur penggunaan lahan.  Kebijakan ini diimplemetasikan secara massif sejak tahun 2007,  namun efek spasial setiap aspeknya belum banyak diteliti. Hal ini menyebabkan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah propinsi dan kabupaten/kota diimplementasikan cenderung tidak dilengkapi dengan kedalaman analisis yang kuat untuk mendukung pengaturan struktur dan pola ruang wilayah. Kajian ini bertujuan menelaah aspek struktur ruang yakni jaringan jalan sebagai indikator aksessibilitas wilayah sebagai bentuk output pembangunan yang berdampak luas pada kemajuan wilayah. Fokus penelitian adalah efek spasial jaringan jalan yang diukur dari panjang jalan dan keterkaitannya dengan variabel dirinya secara kontinyu dan berketetanggaan dengan wilayah sekitarnya. Unit amatan meliputi seluruh kecamatan di Kota Jambi. Statistik yang digunakan adalah indeks moran, selanjutnya untuk penyelidikan lokalitas autokorelasi spasial diidentifikasi melalui statistik spasial local idenfitification of spatial autocorrelation (LISA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jaringan jalan tidak memiliki autokorelasi spasial yang kuat atau termasuk kategori random dengan nilai indeks moran sebesar 0.149. Identifikasi lebih lanjut dengan LISA menunjukkan adanya autokorelasi spasial pada tingkat signifikan 0.05. Efek spasial lokal jaringan jalan terjadi pada kecamatan Kota Baru dan Jambi Selatan. Pola spasial yang acak pada aspek jaringan wilayah ini menunjukkan adanya heterogenitas antara satu kecamatan dengan lainnya, sehingga kebijakan pembangunan jalan tidak boleh disamakan secara menyeluruh, namun harus memperhatikan diferensiasi yang terjadi.
The impact of soil herbicides on the yield and quality of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) essential oil
Authors:   Institute for Roses and Aromatic Plants, Agriculture Academy, Kazanlak, Angelova Desislava , Dobreva Ana ,   Institute for Roses and Aromatic Plants, Agriculture Academy, Kazanlak, Baeva Ganka ,   Institute for Roses and Aromatic Plants, Agriculture Academy, Kazanlak
Published: November 2021

During the period 2014 – 2015 the herbicidal effect and the selectivity of isoxaflutole (Merlin 750 WG), oxadiargyl (Raft 400 SC), imazamox (Pulsar 40) and flumioxazine (Pledge 50 VP) were studied on lavender fields, Hemus and Jubilejna varieties. The present work focuses on the influence of low doses of the applied preparations on the yield and composition of the essential oil compared with untreated control. The results of two-year studies show that the treated variants have a higher yield on average of 0.7-1.6 kg / dka. The odoriferous ingredients range in the limits: linalyl acetate (20.0 - 38.6 %); linalool (20.6 - 46.2 %); lavandulyl acetate (1.9 - 5.9 %); 1,8 cineole (0,4 - 4,9 %) and camphor (0,2 - 0,6 %). Applying oxidiarigil results in greater changes in the composition of the Jubilejna variety, whereas the Hemus variety has the most influence by isoxaflutole.
The effect of the substitution of grain components with a high proportion of bakery wastes on the Clarc of energy distribution and the Clarc of protein transformation in the eco-technical chain ‘fodder – layer’s eggs’
Authors:   Agricultural University-Plovdiv, Penkov Dimo , Grigorova Svetlana ,   Institute of Animal Sciences – Kostinbrod, Peltekov Alexandar ,   Institute of Animal Sciences – Kostinbrod
Published: November 2021

The including of 15 and 20% bread wastes in the combined fodders for layers of net utilization of energy and protein has been studied. Two new indexes of net utilization have been introduced: Clarc of energy distribution (CED) – the relation between consumed metabolizable energy and accumulated gross energy in the egg mélange and Clarc of protein transformation - the relation between consumed crude protein and accumulated crude protein in the egg mélange. The following results have been established: CED (fodder – egg mélange): Control group – 0.1820; 15% bread wastes – 0.1851; 20% bread wastes – 0.1887; CPT(fodder – egg mélange) - 0.2358; 0.2405 and 0.2460 respectively. The authors establish a tendency for hens that have consumed more bread wastes to show a higher effectiveness for the net protein transformation.
The ameliorative effect of protein hydrolysate on the imazamox-damaged young wheat plants
Authors:   Agricultural University-Plovdiv, Balabanova Dobrinka
Published: November 2021

The plant biostimulants (PBs) are a wide range of microbial and/or organic compounds applied to crops to improve the physiological processes such as nutrition efficiency, plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. Imazamox is a herbicide characterised with a wide spectrum of weed control, low application rates and low mammalian toxicity, but also with a high soil persistence. Therefore, the residual amounts of imazamox may negatively affect subsequent sensitive crops in the crop rotation. In the current study we investigated the effect of a single and combined treatment with imazamox and a plant biostimulant (protein hydrolisate) on the antioxidative defense system and the detoxification metabolism of wheat young plants. The result showed that the seed imbibition with 10 μM imazamox inhibits the growth of the young wheat plants. A slight improvement was found due to the additional treatment with protein hydrolysate of the wheat plants damaged by imazamox herbicide. According to the results, this improving effect on the growth does not ameliorate the plant detoxification metabolism such as glutathione S-transferases or antioxidative defense. However, the improving effect is low and insufficient to restore the plant growth and functioning and its effects on wheat production are not studied yet.
Productivity and chemical composition of green biomass from Sudan grass, grown as a second crop, with optimal and insufficient water supply
Authors:   Agricultural institute, Stara Zagora, Bazitov Rumen , Enchev Stanimir ,   Agricultural institute, Shumen
Published: November 2021

The aim of the present study is to determine the impact of the disturbed irrigation regime on the yield and the chemical composition of Sudan grass, grown as a second crop. To accomplish this goal, a trial was conducted in the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute - Stara Zagora with Sudan grass on meadow-cinnamon soil under irrigated conditions. The following variants have been studied: 1 - without irrigation (control variant); variant 2 - optimal irrigation, 75-80% of field capacity (FC); variant 3 - irrigation as in variant 2, but with the removal of the first watering; variant 4 - irrigation as variant 2, but with the removal of the second irrigation; variant 5 - irrigation as variant 2, but with the removal of the third watering. It was found that when growing Sudan grass as a second crop with optimal irrigation and disturbed irrigation regime done by canceling successive watering, the highest yield of dry biomass is obtained with optimal irrigation including three irrigations. Its yield increased by 24.2% compared to the control treatment. Irrigation of Sudan grass with only the second and the third irrigation in a row, without the first irrigation provided, leads to the lowest yield of dry biomass - 11290 kg / ha. Among the chemical composition indicators, the most significant change is observed in the content of the crude fat, followed by that of the crude fiber and crude protein, depending on the method of growing Sudan grass (with or without irrigation).
Association of Bariatric Surgery With Cancer Incidence in Patients With Obesity and Diabetes: Long-term Results From the Swedish Obese Subjects Study
Authors: Sjöholm Kajsa , Carlsson Lena M.S. , Svensson Per-Arne , Andersson-Assarsson Johanna C. , Kristensson Felipe , Jacobson Peter , Peltonen Markku , Taube Magdalena
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with serious adverse health effects, including cancer. Although bariatric surgery has been shown to reduce cancer risk in patients with obesity, the effect of bariatric surgery on cancer risk in patients with obesity and diabetes is less studied. We therefore examined the long-term incidence of cancer after bariatric surgery and usual care in patients with obesity and diabetes in the matched prospective Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The SOS study examines long-term outcomes following bariatric surgery or usual care. The current analysis includes 701 patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes at baseline, 393 of whom underwent bariatric surgery and 308 who received conventional obesity treatment. Information on cancer events was obtained from the Swedish National Cancer Register. Median follow-up time was 21.3 years (interquartile range 17.6–24.8 years, maximum 30.7 years).

RESULTS

During follow-up, the incidence rate for first-time cancer was 9.1 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI 7.2–11.5) in patients with obesity and diabetes treated with bariatric surgery and 14.1 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI 11.2–17.7) in patients treated with usual obesity care (adjusted hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.44–0.89], P = 0.008). Moreover, surgery was associated with reduced cancer incidence in women (0.58 [0.38–0.90], P = 0.016), although the sex-treatment interaction was nonsignificant (P = 0.630). In addition, diabetes remission at the 10-year follow-up was associated with reduced cancer incidence (0.40 [0.22–0.74], P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that bariatric surgery prevents cancer in patients with obesity and diabetes and that durable diabetes remission is associated with reduced cancer risk.
Festovergrep
Authors: Stefansen Kari , Solstad Gerd Marie
Published: November 2021

Youth, parties and drinking is a well-known mix. Most often it is social and fun. A sense of freedom can be present: You can do things that are prohibited in other circumstances. But sometimes things go wrong, boundaries are crossed, and someone ends up violated. This chapter explores such situations: sexual assaults that happen at parties or related to social drinking situations among youth. The aim is to understand the types of experience they represent for the victim: In what sense was the incident a violation? The empirical basis for our analysis is women’s narratives about party-related sexual assaults in their youth. The analysis points towards four main types of experience: manipulative assaults, opportunistically exploited vulnerability, situational appeal (effervescence) and scripted entrapment. These experiences are differentiated by the victim’s degree of agency in the sexual interaction and her interest in the assailant(s) or the social situation per se. We suggest that victims’ understandings of what happened to them hinge on how their experience relates to these dimensions. However, this is not the whole story. Victims’ interpretations of sexual assault situations are also impacted by their perception of the assailant’s position in the gender market: Situations involving assailants with low socio-sexual status are more often recognized as assaults.
Fire typer ungdomsliv: Ressurser, relasjoner og stedets betydning
Authors: Eriksen Ingunn Marie , Stefansen Kari , Ødegård Guro
Published: November 2021

This chapter investigates how young people’s “projects of the self” – their self-presentations and orientations towards the future – are shaped by economic, cultural and relational capital, as well as place. What does growing up in families with different access to important resources entail, and what does place mean for young people’s experiences of themselves and their future opportunities? Based on an ongoing qualitative longitudinal study of 81 youths from four widely different communities, we describe a typology with four projects of the self: the assured optimist, the local thriving youth, the youth on a narrow path and the loosely anchored youth. These projects are closely linked to the youths’ family resources, and to a large extent they map onto traditional social class divisions. However, although the way that resources are linked to different projects of the self has the potential of shaping classed trajectories, they are not determined by class. Our analysis adds nuances to the general finding in youth research that lack of economic and cultural capital is associated with more limited future possibilities. We find that emotional and relational resources in the family also play a vital role in shaping young people’s projects of the self – which sometimes cross traditional class divisions. Moreover, we find that when young people’s projects of the self align with resources in the local environment and in the family, this greatly enhances their well-being and surety of the future. Youths who experience a rift between their projects of the self and the resources around them experience a shakier foundation from which to carve out their life projects.
Selvbestemmelse og selvregulering: Nye elevidealer for ungdomsskolen
Authors: Smette Ingrid , Hegna Kristinn
Published: November 2021

In this chapter we investigate changes in ideas about pupils, learning and motivation over a period of 30 years. Our starting point is the longstanding public concern over young people’s lack of school motivation. We ask what ideas about young people, as pupils and with respect to learning and motivation, can be traced in educational reforms, curriculum documents, and parent-teacher conferences. Drawing on Foucault’s work on governmentality and pastoral power, we argue that there has been a shift from an idea of the pupil as driven by intrinsic motivation and capable of governing her own learning process, to an emphasis on external control and goal-oriented learning. Paradoxically, the aim of these external forms of control is to foster individualised, intrinsic motivation and self-discipline. In keeping with this ideal, parent-teacher conferences become an arena where pupils are steered towards particular individual goals through specific forms of soft power. In a final section, we discuss how Norway’s latest educational reform, with its ideal of self-regulation, may reinforce trends towards individualisation.
SELF-REFERENCE, THEORY OF TYPES, AND CATEGORIZATION IN WITTGENSTEIN’S PICTURE THEORY OF STATEMENTS
Authors: Суровцев Валерий Александрович
Published: November 2021

Рассматривается источник логических парадоксов, выявленных Б. Расселом в системе обоснования математики, предложенной Г. Фреге. Самореферентность выражений, предложенная Б. Расселом как объяснение возникновения парадоксов, рассматривается с точки зрения разработанной им простой и разветвленной теории типов. Обосновывается, что теория типов, предложенная Б. Расселом, основана на онтологических предпосылках. Онтологические предпосылки зависят от предпочтения семантическому перед синтаксическим подходом, который принимается Б. Расселом. Рассмотрены синтаксические подходы к логическому символизму, которые позволяют устранить парадоксы с точки зрения языка современной символической логики. Анализируется подход к решению парадоксов Л. Витгенштейна, который основан на синтаксическом подходе. Показано, что этот подход отличается от способов построения языка, принятых в современной логике.

The article analyzes the source of logical paradoxes Bertrand Russell identified in the foundations of mathematics proposed by Gottlob Frege. Russell proposed self-reference of expressions as the source of paradoxes. To solve paradoxes, he developed the simple and ramified theory of types. Ontological presuppositions are well substantiated for his theory; they depend on semantic, but not syntactic, preference. Contemporary approaches in symbolical logic prefer syntactic methods. But Wittgenstein’s approach in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus is more interesting, especially from the perspective of his picture theory of statements.
DO PROBIOTICS HAVE A FUTURE IN NEONATOLOGY?
Authors: Znamenska T. , Vorobiova O.
Published: November 2021

The issue of feasibility and effectiveness of probiotics use in newborns is still discussable. A position letter of the Committee on nutrition of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and the Working group of the ESPGHAN on probiotics and prebiotics issues was published in May 2020 in “Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition” magazine as for the use of probiotics in premature newborns. It stated that over 10,000 premature newborns from all over the world had taken part in random controlled probiotics tests. It was proved that probiotics, in general, could decrease the level of necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and mortality. But the question of choice of microorganism strains, dosing, and duration of medication course remains open. On the other hand, an increasing number of commercial products containing probiotics of non optimal quality are available. In addition, a large number of departments in the world regularly suggest probiotic supplements as a treatment standard despite the absence of any solid evidence. According to the data of the latest meta-analysis, effectiveness in decreasing mortality and incidence was found in the minority of investigated strains or combinations. In the position letter authors wanted to give advice which specific strains can be potentially used and which cannot. Moreover, the emphasis was placed on issues of safety of probiotic supplements for premature newborns. Guarantee of quality of probiotic product is deliverance of probiotic strains by transfer genes of resistance to antibiotics and the possibility of regular identification of probiotic sepsis. There is a conditional recommendation (with a low credibility of evidence) to provide eitherLactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC53103, or combination of Bifidobacterium infantis Bb-02, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12, and Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4 for decreasing a risk of the necrotizing enterocolitis development subject to all issues of safety.
Antibodies to Bluetongue, Akabane and Schmallenberg viruses in native dromedary camels in Turkey
Authors:   Institute of Pendik Veterinary Control, Viral Diagnostic Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey, Pestil Züleyha , Doğan Fırat , Gürel Kemal , Ataseven Veysel S.
Published: November 2021

Sera from 86 Turkish native camels from seven provinces in Turkey were collected and tested for specific antibodies to Bluetongue virus (BTV), Akabane virus (AKAV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) using ELISA. The BTV, AKAV and SBV antibodies were found in 53.5%, 51.2% and 15.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the seropositivity for multiple infection was the highest for dual infection with AKAV and BTV (25.6%), followed by triple seropositivity (9.3%). These findings indicated that BTV, AKAV and SBV circulate in camels in Turkey at a relatively high rate, and that an active surveillance program is needed for the management and tracing the dynamics of these infections in the Turkish camel population.
Association of genetic variants in STAT5B gene with milk performance and mastitis related traits in dairy cattle
Authors:   College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan, Ali Nawab , Niaz Sadaf , Khattak Irfan , Khan Naimat U. , Luo Hanpeng , Muhammad Hazir , Ali Tariq , Yu Ying , Wang Yachun , Usman Tahir
Published: November 2021

Udder performance and health are important traits in dairy cattle worldwide. The present study aimed to explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the STAT5B gene in dairy cattle with milk performance and mastitis related traits. The study included 201 cows of three pure breeds (i.e. Holstein Friesian, Jersey and Achai) and two crossbred cattle at four established dairy farms in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The milk samples were analysed for somatic cell count (SCC) and milk composition (i.e. fat , protein and lactose percentages). The generalized linear model was deployed for association analysis using SAS. The pool DNA sequencing showed four (three synonymous and a 3/ UTR) SNPs in STAT5B. These SNPs were further validated in all DNA samples using SNaPshot assay. The breed-wise analysis showed that most of the SNPs were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). The association analysis revealed a significantly higher protein percentage in TT genotype and lower SCC in CC genotypes of SNP 1 (exon 2, C>T), whereas in SNP 2 (exon 16, T>C) the TT genotypes revealed significantly lower SCC and SCS compared with other genotypes (P<0.05). SNP 4 (3/ UTR, C>T) showed significantly lower SCC and frequency of clinical mastitis in the heterozygous (CT) genotype compared to the homozygous genotypes. The in silico predictions revealed changes in the RNA secondary structure for SNP 2 and SNP 3. The study suggests that STAT5B should be considered as a candidate gene, and the variants identified as useful genetic markers for improved milk composition and udder health.
The effect of follicle size and cryoprotectants on nuclear maturation and early embryonic development of vitrified - thawed Awassi sheep oocytes (Ovis aries)
Authors:   Deptartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Syria, Omar Mardenli  , Mohammad Al-Kerwi Mahdi S. , Alolo Ahmad Y.
Published: November 2021

In this study, two experiments were conducted to study the effect of both the follicle size and the cryoprotectants dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG) on the main phases of nuclear maturation (Experiment I), cleavage stages and embryo quality (Experiment II) of Awassi sheep oocytes. Follicles were classified into two groups: small follicles (SF) (1-2 mm) and large follicles (LF) (> 2 mm). Oocytes were vitrified in three solutions: A (30% DMSO), B (30% EG) and C (15% DMSO and 15% EG). In Experiment I, the resulting vitrified-thawed oocytes in solution C achieved the best rates after the control group (fresh), respectively as the rates of maturation, germinal vesicle (GV), metaphase II(M-II), arrest, and lyses were 85.71% (P = 0.04), 8.33% (P = 0.02), 72.92% (P = 0.04); LF group, 15.25% (P = 0.04), and 5.08% (P = 0.04); SF group, respectively. In Experiment II, the same group of oocytes achieved the best rates after the control group, as the rates of fertilization, cleavage, 2-16 cell, Type3, blastocyst, and Type1 embryos were 63.28% (P = 0.001), 57.46% (P = 0.001), 40.38% (P = 0.04), 38.46% (P = 0.04); LF group, 30.00% (P = 0.01), and SF group 36.67% (P = 0.001), respectively, while the vitrified-thawed oocytes in A solution (SF group) reached the highest rate of Type 2 embryo quality (58.06%; P = 0.01). No significant differences were noticed in the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), metaphase I (M-I) and morula stage. Vitrification of oocytes obtained from follicles with a diameter of more than 2 mm in a cocktail solution of DMSO (15%) and EG (15%) led to a significant increase in the yield and quality of the resulting sheep embryos.
Fungsional Makroadenoma Hipofisis dengan Manifestasi Akromegali dan Komplikasi Diabetes Insipidus Pascaoperasi
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Udayana/Sanglah General Hospital Bali, Indonesia, Krisna J. Sutawan Ida Bagus , Pramana Suarjaya I Putu , Chrysogonus Kumaat Garry D.
Published: November 2021

Acromegaly as a clinical manifestation of functional pituitary macroadenoma is a rare case. A 28-year-old male was consulted with a space occupying suprasellar cerebral lesion with a differential diagnosis of meningioma or adenoma which would require tumor resection. On the pre-operative examination, it was found that patients with signs and symptom of acromegaly such as a more prominent jaw, the size of the nose, tongue, and hands were relatively larger than normal people but without symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea. Intraoperatively, the patient was successfully intubated with a video laryngoscope with a fiber optic preparation. Post-operatively the patient developed diabetes insipidus and was transferred to the room from ICU on the seventh postoperative day when she was free of vasopressin. There are several things that should be considered during the perioperative management of patients with pituitary macroadenoma, such as airway management if there is acromegaly and diabetes insipidus as a postoperative complication.
Manajemen Neuroanestesi pada Operasi Carotid Endarterectomy: Pasien dengan Riwayat Stroke Berulang
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara/H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, Indonesia, Gideon Bangun Chrismas , Irina RR Sinta , Yulianti Bisri Dewi , Surachman Eri ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia
Published: November 2021

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical procedure performed to restore carotid blood flow and reduce the incidence of embolic and thrombotic strokes. Although it is a preventive procedure, CEA carries the risk of perioperative complications: neurologic and cardiac. Major complications of CEA are intra and postoperative stroke, myocardial infarction, and death. To reduce the number of intraoperative stroke events, one of them is to develop intraoperative monitoring technology with electroencephalogram (EEG). In this case, a male patient, 62 years old, with statistics of recurrent stroke and left leg weakness was approved for CEA under general anesthesia. Surgeons decide to use shunt selectively by assessing EEG monitoring when clamping. Finally the shunt was not performed, the operation lasted for 6 hours, tinged with hemodynamic shocks that often occur in patients with carotid disease due to baroreceptor disorders. By managing anesthesia meticulously during and after surgery, the operation was successfully performed, and the results of the post on the left leg strengthening motor increased from 2 to 4.
Hubungan Kadar Gula Darah dan Hematokrit dengan Luaran Pasien Cedera Otak Traumatik Berdasarkan Skor GCS di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Lambung Mangkurat/Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin, Indonesia, Riddo Rasyid , Marwan Sikumbang Kenanga , Asnawati Asnawati ,   Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Lambung Mangkurat/Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin, Indonesia
Published: November 2021

Background and Objective: Glasgow coma scale (GCS) examination is done to categorize the severity and determine the outcome in TBI. When TBI occurs, the body release hormones in the acute phase of stress response which will occur an increase blood sugar levels. It will also affect hematocrit. The purpose of this study was analyze correlation between blood sugar levels and hematocrit with TBI patients outcome based on GCS score in Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin. Subject and Method: The design of this study was observational analytic with cross-sectional approach. Data acquired prospectively with consecutive sampling method. The collected data will be analyzed using the Spearman non-parametric trial. Result: Total of 45 samples were obtained by consecutive sampling. On day 7, 40 patients had good outcomes and 5 patients had poor outcomes. Analysis using the Spearman correlation test showed association between blood sugar levels and TBI patients outcome (p=0,044; r=0,302) but no association between hematocit and TBI patients outcome (p=0,958). Conclusion: It was concluded that there is an association between blood sugar levels and TBI patients outcome, but there is no association between hematocrit and TBI patients outcome based on GCS score.
Penerapan Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) pada Bedah Saraf
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Ciptomangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia, Firdhaus Riyadh , Priyambodo Permana Affan ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Ciptomangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia, Indrafebrina Sugianto Astrid , Theresia Sandy ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Ciptomangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: November 2021

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multidisciplinary standardized perioperative treatment protocol in surgical patients that aims to minimize perioperative stress and result in better outcomes. The ERAS protocol is composed of various components of care that have been shown to support recovery and/or avoid postoperative complications. These components include surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, pharmacists, nutritionists who are involved in patient care to provide better improvements. The ERAS protocol is composed of various components of preoperative care (counseling, nutrition, lifestyle management, thromboprophylaxis, preparation of the surgical area and antimicrobial prophylaxis), intraoperative care (anesthetic technique, anesthesia management, analgesia, fluid management, temperature regulation, surgical technique) and postoperative care (PONV management, urinary drainage, nutritional intake, early mobilization). Implementation of ERAS is applicable and shows good results along with the benefits for patients undergoing neurosurgery. However, ERAS in neurosurgery is still very limited and requires further research following different types of procedures / operations and different patient conditions.
Korelasi antara Stroke dengan Covid-19
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, Yulianti Bisri Dewi
Published: November 2021

The clinical spectrum of Covid-19 is very broad, ranging from minor no specific symptom, such as fever, dry cough and diarrhea, some time combined with mild pneumonia and mild dyspnoe to severe pneumonia with dyspnoe, tachypnoe and exchange disorders, leading to severe pulmonary dysfunction, necessary ventilation, shock and multiple organ failure. Preliminary unpublished evidence suggest that patient with covid-19 have an increased risk of acute ischemic stroke. Neurologic complaints that oven occurs are headache, dizziness, change in taste and smell. Five percent risk of developing acute ischemic stroke. Coronavirus has a tendency to invade the central nerve system (CNS). The olfactory change that have been seen in covid-19, are attributed to reflex access from the virus to the brain via the transcribial route, although this remain to be proven for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). One report from China showed that neurological complaint, such as dizziness, headaches, hypgeusia and hyposmia, were common (about 36%) in covid-19 patients. Encephalopathy and altered mental status also occurs in patients who have been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Cerebrovascular disease is more common in severe covid-19; acute ischemic stroke has been reported to occurs in 5.7% of patients and impaired consciousness in 15% of patients, and 1% cerebral hemorrhage was found. CNS disorders that require surgery require special treatment because of the effect of techniques and anesthetics on the CNS, as wll as the protection of health professionals to preventdiseses transmission. Thirty-eight percents of covid-19 patient with cerebrovascular complication died.
Actuarial Modelling for Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) based on CNS1 Status
Authors:   Department of Statistics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India, Vinit Parmeet Kumar
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Worldwide, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) is the most frequent cancer in children. One of the major clinical challenges is adequate diagnosis and treatment of Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement in this disease. CNS relapse has been a barrier to the successful treatment of ALL for many years. Recent studies have shown encouraging results in the survival of these patients for a long time. However, their long-term survival depends upon the cost of therapy toxicity and financial distress. The primitive aim of the paper is to propose a yearly insurance plan to assist these patients financially during the diagnosis period. Method: Based on the CNS status 110 patients are categorised to estimate their long-term survival. Survival times of CNS1 status and for all the patients cumulatively are estimated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox-PH model in presence of the prognostic factors. The survival estimates are used to estimate the premium cost. The premium cost is estimated using a deterministic model which is advantageous for the patient and serviceable for the insurance provider. Result: Both the methods Kaplan-Meier and Cox-PH gave higher survival estimates for ALL patients cumulatively as compared to CNS1. Survival estimate from Cox-PH is 0.998 and 0.997 of first year of follow-up for patients taken cumulatively and in CNS1 respectively. For the fifth year the survival estimates are 0.802 and 0.783 respectively. The estimated premium cost for a 100 rupees of sum insured is rupees 4.7 for the first year and rupees 26.69 for the fifth year for patients taken cumulatively. Same for CNS1, it is rupees 6.24 and 29.42. Conclusion: Cox-PH model for estimating the survival is recommended since it includes the prognostic factors. The insurance plan suggests to opt for the premium as early as possibly since it costs less and increases later.
Law School Learning Outcomes: Legal English Course Contribution
Authors: Vyushkina Elena
Published: November 2021

Standards of professional legal education are developed by different organizations: in some countries these are governmental bodies, in others these are professional associations. Apart from a country these standards include Learning Outcomes which shape law schools’ curricula. Both American and European standards mention, to different extent, written and oral communication in the legal context, but a number and contents of subjects directed at developing and mastering professional communicative competency differ a lot. There are disciplines totally devoted to the competency named (e.g. legal writing) as well as courses in which communicative skills are an integral constituent for their successful completion (e.g. basis of negotiations/mediation/client consultation).

The article goal is to find a place and role of a Legal English (LE) course in achieving learning outcomes connected with professional communicative competence. The methodology incorporated desk and field studies. The literature review is aimed at identifying current state of affairs in American law schools, as they provide first-class legal education recognized all over the world, and in Russian law schools, as the author works in this system and is interested in its development. A questionnaire was designed to explore Russian law school graduates’ assessment of practicality of subjects they had studied for their professional activities.

The analysis of literature and Internet sources allowed to specify the ways of teaching written and oral communication in American law schools and to highlight the situation in Russian legal education. It shows that the Russian system is characterized by predominance of teaching theory of substantive and procedural rules of law and lack of curriculum disciplines aimed at cultivating skills and competencies.

A survey of Russian law schools’ recent graduates indicates that most of communicative, in a broad sense, skills, which they use in their everyday work, were obtained within their LE classes. So, complementing a LE course with modules devoted to different aspects of legal writing and specific patterns of lawyer-client, lawyer-lawyer, lawyer-judge communication will definitely contribute to achieving learning outcomes which are put forward by legal education standards.
К вопросу о правовом положении иностранных представительств в России
Authors: Кислицын А. А.
Published: November 2021

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Effect of humidity and contaminants on dry band formation in Outdoor Distribution Current Transformer 20 kV
Authors: Zaputra Satia
Published: November 2021

This study reports the effect of humidity and pollutants on the formation of dry band phenomena on the insulation surface of an outdoor 20 kV distribution current transformer. From the results of measurements at high humidity 95% and high conductivity 36 mS/cm at a working voltage of 2-20kV test there is a change in the curve of increasing the value of the leakage current which is very volatile. Wet layer of impurity will cause a drastic decrease in surface resistance resulting in a large increase in leakage current. At a high conductivity of 36 mS/cm, the results of the measurement of surface resistance at low humidity of 55% worth 30.2 giga ohms decreased to 2.1 giga ohms at high humidity of 95%. While the value of the leakage current curve is very fluctuating from the value of 206 - 678 A at high conductivity with heavy pollutants. This information confirms the hypothesis that the boundary region of the two air-solid dielectrics of the epoxy resin causes surface discharge problems in dry band formation due to an increase in the non-uniform local electric field in the impurity layer adhering to the surface of the distribution current transformer.
Keywords : leakage current, dry band, surface discharge, contaminants
Chiyalik culture and the Golden Horde
Authors: Antonov Igor' Vladimirovich
Published: November 2021

The object of this research is the interaction of the forest and forest-steppe habitat of Eastern Europe during the Golden Horde. The subject of this research is the interaction of the Chiyalik culture, formed in the forest-steppe zone of Volga-Ural region and the Golden Horde culture formed in the steppe zone of Western Eurasia. The monuments of Chiyalik culture – subsoil burial grounds and ancient settlements – are located in the valleys of the Rivers Kama, Belaya, Ika, Dema, Chermasan, Suni and other rivers in the eastern parts of modern Tatarstan and northwestern parts of the modern Bashkortostan, dating back from XII–XIV centuries. The bearers of Chiyalik culture were Ugric by origin, who have undergone Turkization and Islamization. The article explores the narrative sources that contain records on the relations between Uralic Ugric Peoples and Mongols, archaeological data on the objects of the Golden Horde import found on the monuments of Chiyalik culture. Special attention is given to the comparative analysis of narrative sources and archaeological data on the problem of interaction of Chiyalik culture and the Golden Horde as the synchronous historical phenomena. Narrative sources indicate the conquest of the territory of Chiyalik culture by the Mongols, tribute and labor conscriptions carried out by the local population in favor of the conquerors. The objects of the Golden Horde were detected on the settlement monuments: silver earrings and coins were found in Ufa-II settlement; copper coins were found in Iske–aul settlement; pottery and copper coins were found in Podymalovo-I settlement. Silver Golden Horde coins were found in the Taktalachuk and Azmetyevsky burial grounds. The author’s special contribution to this research lies in the conclusion that the paucity of findings is explained by the absence of large settlements, and the Muslim funeral rite. The novelty consists in establishment of the fact of the unilateral impact of the Golden Horde culture upon the Chiyalik culture: in exchange for the items of the Golden Horde import, were exported the raw materials, items of cattle breeding, hunting and beekeeping.
Yugan Khanty Phonetic Features Based on the Experimental Data
Authors: Timkin Timofey V.
Published: November 2021

The paper deals with the phonetics of Yugan idiom of Surgut Khanty. The research is a part of the project aimed at describing Surgut Khanty phonetics. The Yugan idiom has significant differences from the Tromyegan idiom described before.

The analysis is based on the data collected during the expedition to the settlement Ugut in 2019. The experimental part includes 130 words list read out three times by four native speakers from different traditional settlements on the Malyi Yugan river and on the Bolshoi Yugan river.

The research was conducted using experimental techniques: Praat, Emu-SDMS software. The main technique was a formant analysis that deals with resonant frequencies in vowel spectra to obtain data on articulation features. Statistical evaluations and visualization were established via R programming language.

We found differences between the Malyi Yugan river and the Bol’shoi Yugan river idioms. 12 vowel phonemes were found in the Malyi Yugan idiom. Compared to the Tromyegan system the phoneme /ɔ/ (traditionally /ȯ̆/) is absent. It was replaced by /ɛ/ (traditionally /ȧ̆/) or /o/ (traditionally /ŏ/). The phoneme u̇ described in previous literature on the topic disappeared and was replaced by /iː/.

The Bolshoi Yugan vowel system includes these phonemes and also diphthongs [ui], [ɔɛ]. They appear after [k] where etimological u̇, ȯ̆ used to be. They probably are the realizations of the phonemes /iː/, /ɛ/ in the position after labialized k, which has become a phoneme.

Non-initial [w] is reported to be specific Jugan feature and appears to have parallels in Tromyegan idiom too. It is an evidence for the rearranging of the Surgut idioms. In this pronunciation type /w/ is realized as a labial approximant in an initial position and after not-rounded vowels in a non-final position. After not-rounded vowels in a final position it comes as an initial-voiced fricative evoking preceding vowel diphthongization. After rounded vowels it is labiovelar [γʷ] or non-syllabic [ʊ] (before consonants). This pronunciation type is similar to the Tromyegan type, but it differs from the Pim type where /w/ comes as a labial approximant consistently.

The disappearance of labial fricatives is a new phenomenon which has not been described properly. Territorial and social factors for this process are given. The Malyi Yugan speakers use lateral fricatives /ł/, /ʎ̥/ and the Bolshoi Yugan speakers replace it by /t/, /c͡c̦/. In the settlement Ugut where Bolshoi and Malyi Yugan natives contact in Russian-spoken environment both variants are used with t-pronunciation evaluated by speakers as new and declining from the ‘'right’ speech.
Semantic Differences between Verb-Nominal Collocations and Corresponding Verbs (As Exemplified by Collocations with Verbs Ispytyvat’ / Ispytat’)
Authors: Kozlov Ivan M. , Kuznetsova Elena S.
Published: November 2021

The following article focuses on semantical differences of verbal-nominal descriptive predicates constructed by verbs ispytyvat’ / ispytat’ from their lexically adequate verbal correlates. The Russian linguistic tradition describes such collocations as verbal periphrasis, and this leads to a misjudgment of their semantical particularity. Our main goal is to describe the differences due to state semantical independence of the collocations from the verbs.

The study showed that an emotional state described by descriptive predicates with verbs ispytyvat’ / ispytat’ presupposes no explication, which differs them from some lexically adequate verbal correlates. It reveals an intra-subject nature of their semantics that can be manifested in a specific actant structure or in its implementation. It is also worth noting their semantic complexity and an important role of verbal component: different meanings of the verbal component cause different semantics of whole collocation even with the same nominal one. Thus, particular meaning of a nominal component and of a verbal one makes up semantics of a whole construction.

Many types and examples of semantical discrepancy between the verbal-nominal descriptive predicates and their lexically adequate verbal correlates leads to the necessity of describing their semantics departed from the verbal correlates’ meaning and of the refusal to consider them as means of verbal periphrasis.
Metodologias ativas no ensino de gestão em saúde no curso de medicina: o olhar discente
Authors: Brito Felipe Gabriel Silva , Viana Antonia Iracilda e Silva , Sirqueira Bruna Pereira Carvalho , Sousa Jacyane Ramos de , Oliveira Maricélia Tavares Borges , Martins Danyelle Silva
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Analisar, a partir da perspectiva do discente o ensino da disciplina gestão em saúde através de metodologias ativas em um curso de medicina na região sul do Maranhão. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal e retrospectivo com 54 alunos do último ano do curso de medicina. Foi utilizado um questionário com perguntas agrupadas em domínios: objetivos da disciplina, metodologia utilizada, identificação de problemas no sistema de saúde, formação médica, estrutura física dos cenários de prática e autoavaliação do discente. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através do software R (R Core Team, 2019) versão 3.5.3. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: 83,3% possuem de 20 a 29 anos; 55,6% cor branca; 55,6% sexo feminino. Correlacionando-se a autoavaliação do aluno com aspectos da metodologia da disciplina houve significância estatística nos aspectos:  objetivos da disciplina foram informados (p <0,001), objetivos da disciplina foram alcançados (p <0,001), conteúdos da disciplina foram satisfatórios (p = 0,027), passou a conhecer um SUS que até então desconhecia (p = 0,0042). Conclusão: A utilização de metodologias ativas proposta pelas mudanças nas diretrizes curriculares resultou em um processo de aprendizado mais dinâmico e crítico.